bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
How knee muscles and ground reaction forces shape knee buckling and ankle push-off in neuromuscular simulations of human walking
Authors: Buchmann Alexandra , Kiss Bernadett , Badri-Spröwitz Alexander , Renjewski Daniel
Published: January 2025

Ankle push-off is important for efficient, human-like walking, and many prosthetic devices mimic push-off using motors or elastic elements. The knee is extended throughout the stance phase and begins to buckle just before push-off, with timing being crucial. However, the exact mechanisms behind this buckling are still unclear. We use a predictive neuromuscular simulation to investigate whether active muscles are required for knee buckling and to what extent ground reaction forces (GRFs) drive it. In a systematic parameter search, we tested how long the knee muscles vastus (VAS), gastrocnemius (GAS), and hamstrings could be deactivated while maintaining a stable gait with impulsive push-off. VAS deactivation up to 35% of the gait cycle resulted in a dynamic gait with increased ankle peak power. GAS deactivation up to 20% of the gait cycle was detrimental to gait efficiency and showed reduced ankle peak power. At the start of knee buckling, the GRF vector is positioned near the knee joint’s neutral axis, assisting in knee flexion. However, this mechanism is likely not enough to drive knee flexion independently. Our findings contribute to the biomechanical understanding of ankle push-off, with applications in prosthetic and bipedal robotic design, and fundamental research on human gait mechanics.
Impact of electric vehicle battery recycling on reducing raw material demand and battery life-cycle carbon emissions in China
Authors: Jiang Rui , Wu Chengke , Feng Wei , You Kairui , Liu Jian , Zhou Guangmin , Liu Lujing , Cheng Hui-Ming
Published: January 2025

The rapid growth of electric vehicles (EVs) in China challenges raw material demand. This study evaluates the impact of recycling and reusing EV batteries on reducing material demand and carbon emissions. Integrating a national-level vehicle stock turnover model with life-cycle carbon emission assessment, we found that replacing nickel-cobalt-manganese batteries with lithium iron phosphate batteries with battery recycling can reduce lithium, cobalt, and nickel demand between 2021 and 2060 by up to 7.8 million tons (Mt) (67%), 12.4 Mt (96%), and 37.2 Mt (93%), respectively, significantly decreasing reliance on import. Moreover, battery recycling coupled with reuse can reduce carbon emissions by up to 6,532-6,864 Mt (36.0-37.9%), depending on four recycling methods employed. However, this reuse strategy delays battery recycling and risks lithium supply shortage, necessitating trade-offs between carbon reduction and material supply. Future technologies, such as lithium-sulfur and all-solid-state batteries, despite their energy efficiency, might exacerbate lithium shortage, underscoring the crucial need for increased lithium supply.
Study of the self-degradation performance of a passive direct methanol fuel cell with an Fe–N–C catalyst
Authors: Hou Chenjun , Yuan Weijian , Gao Shilong , Zhang Yujun , Zhang Yufeng , Zhang Xuelin
Published: January 2025

The self-degradation phenomenon of Fe–N–C-based direct methanol fuel cells is attributed to the chemical adsorption of methanol on the catalyst.
Synergistic photothermal effects for enhanced hydrogen evolution of an S-scheme CdS@H0.95MoO3 photocatalyst: mechanistic insights and theoretical calculations
Authors: Zhang Qiankun , Liang Haiou , Li Guanqiong , Fan Xiaoye , Li Chunping , Bai Jie
Published: January 2025

The l-CMx composite material with an S-scheme heterojunction structure achieves efficient photocatalytic hydrogen evolution with a broad spectral response by introducing LSPR effects combined with photothermal synergistic catalysis.
Unraveling the structure–property relationships in fluorescent phenylhydrazones: the role of substituents and molecular interactions
Authors: Sobczak Paulina , Sierański Tomasz , Świątkowski Marcin , Trzęsowska-Kruszyńska Agata , Kolińska Jolanta
Published: January 2025

The fluorescence of phenylhydrazones: understanding the critical role of substituents in influencing the intensity of fluorescence and the evolution of emissive materials.
Efficient adsorptive removal of potassium from potassium perrhenate solution using a cationic ion exchange resin
Authors: Chen Kunkun , Li Linbo , Yang Kai , Cao Qigao , Chen Yunfei
Published: January 2025

Potassium is a harmful impurity in the rhenium sinter, which adversely affects its mechanical properties by significantly reducing the density of sintered rhenium.
Retraction: Dual photocatalysis for CO2 reduction along with the oxidative coupling of benzylamines promoted by Cu/Cu2O@g-C3N4 under visible irradiation
Authors: Prajapati Pankaj Kumar , Tripathi Deependra , Poddar Mukesh Kumar , Gupta Piyush , Jain Suman L.
Published: January 2025

Retraction of ‘Dual photocatalysis for CO2 reduction along with the oxidative coupling of benzylamines promoted by Cu/Cu2O@g-C3N4 under visible irradiation’ by Pankaj Kumar Prajapati et al., Sustainable Energy Fuels, 2022, 6, 2996–3007, https://doi.org/10.1039/D2SE00378C.
Structural transitions of ionic microgel solutions driven by circularly polarized electric fields
Authors: Reich Markus , Colla Thiago , Likos Christos N.
Published: January 2025

In this work, a theoretical approach is developed to investigate the structural properties of ionic microgels induced by a circularly polarized (CP) electric field.
Versatile hydrogels prepared by microfluidics technology for bone tissue engineering applications
Authors: Zhang Luyue , Su Liqian , Wu Lina , Zhou Weikai , Xie Jing , Fan Yi , Zhou Xuedong , Zhou Changchun , Cui Yujia , Sun Jianxun
Published: January 2025

This review comprehensively discusses the progress and future applications of microfluidic hydrogel technology in bone regeneration, especially their advantages over traditionally prepared hydrogels in bone tissue engineering.
Rapid on-site detection of imazaquin residue in corn and soybeans using an immunochromatographic assay
Authors: Ma Xuyang , Guo Lingling , Liu Liqiang , Kuang Hua , Xu Chuanlai , Qu Aihua
Published: January 2025

Immunochromatographic assay (ICA) for the detection of IMQ has been developed which could be applied for rapid and ultrasensitive detection of IMQ pollutions in foods and environments.
Forecasts of effects of beam systematics and deprojection on the third-generation ground-based cosmic microwave background experiment
Authors: Dou Jiazheng , Han Jiakang , Zhao Wen , Hu Bin
Published: January 2025

The ground-based cosmic microwave background (CMB) experiments are susceptible to various instrumental errors, especially for B-mode measurements. The difference between the response of two polarized detectors, referred to as the beam mismatch, would induce a T → P leakage when the detector pair is differenced to cancel the unpolarized signal. We applied the deprojection technique on the time-ordered mock data to mitigate the systematic contamination caused by beam mismatches by assuming the third-generation ground-based CMB experiment (S3). Our results show that the deprojection effectively recovered the input power spectra. We adopted the Needlet ILC (NILC) and constrained ILC (cILC) methods to reconstruct the foreground-cleaned TEB maps, and we evaluated the level of residual systematic errors after the foreground cleaning pipeline by comparing the power spectra between the systematics-added data after deprojection and the systematics-free data. The results show that the residual beam systematics cleaned by deprojection do not bias the CMB measurements of the T, E, and B modes nor the CMB lensing reconstruction or the estimation of the tensor-to-scalar ratio under the S3 sensitivity.
Co-firing simulations with blending of low range coal and medium range coal on the performance of 615 MW capacity steam power plant and Indonesia carbon trading review
Authors: Apriliana Margawadi Kenanga , Widayat  , Widodo Agung Suedy Sri
Published: January 2025

In Indonesia, coal-fired power plants (CFPP) account for nearly 70% of the nation’s electricity supply, contributing significantly to global warming. Biomass co-firing program for CFPP offers a potential solution. This study analyzes the impact of co-firing between blending of Low Rank Coal (LRC) with Medium Rank Coal (MRC) and wood pellet biomass, on the performance of 615 MW capacity CFFP. Using simulations with Cycletempo software, the research examines operational parameters such as plant efficiency, the performance of auxiliary equipment, and a techno-economic analysis focusing on carbon trading. The biomass co-firing tested reached up to 50%, with results indicating that increasing biomass content tends to reduce overall plant efficiency. Results indicate that at 100% load, the plant can accommodate up to 10% biomass co-firing, and at 75% load, it can handle up to 30%. Co-firing beyond 30% requires increased pulverizer power for stable operation. From techno-economic perspective, while co-firing reduces greenhouse gas emissions and generates benefits from carbon trading, the operational costs associated with fuel under co-firing are not yet fully profitable. This study offers guidance on increasing the co-firing ratio as part of the energy transition towards net zero emissions 2060 and provides recommendations for optimizing fuel mixtures in CFFP.
Analysis of heavy metal concentration from sugar mill and its impact on groundwater “a case study of shaheed benazirabad (SBA) Sindh Pakistan”
Authors: Lashari Saima , Muhammad Fuad , Warsito Budi
Published: January 2025

Shaheed Benazirabad, Sindh, Pakistan, faces significant water issues that endanger human health in its residents. Mismanagement, insufficient facilities, and inefficient management systems exacerbate water scarcity. Consequently, the region experiences water disruptions, waterborne infections, and substantial water wastage. To analyze the heavy metals (HM) concentrations, maximum 35 water samples were gathered from industrial area of Habib Sugar Mill. These samples included spent wash in ponds (n = 3), wastewater in Simnala (n = 4), and (n = 28) groundwater from the industrial area through operational community tube wells, dug wells and open wells were collected by using plastic bottles. The concentration of Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Zn, As, and Pb were analyzed by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) with a standard burner head under the terms recommended via manufacturer. After analyzing the collected samples of wastewater, Pb, Cd, As, and Ni concentrations were found in excess than the recommended limits set by the PAKEPA. Additionally, the concentrations of Cd, Mn, Ni, Pb, Fe, Cr, and As of groundwater samples were exceeded the guidelines of WHO for drinking water quality, which make it unsafe for consumption. In contrast, the levels of Cu and Zn were within acceptable limits.
Artificial intelligence techniques applications in the wastewater: A comprehensive review
Authors: Zakur Yahya , Márquez Fausto , Al-Taie Ali , Alsaidi Saif , Alsadoon Abeer , Mirashrafi Seyed Bagher , Flaih Laith , Zakoor Yousif
Published: January 2025

There are some challenges are firms the wastewater treatment, numerous hurdles concerning the enhancement of the energy efficiency, compliance with the increasingly stringent water quality regulations, and the maximizing resource recovery opportunities. In recent years, the computational models have garnered acknowledgment as potent instruments for tackling these various challenges, bolstering of the operational and economic effectiveness of the various wastewater treatment plants (“WWTPs”). Also, the review discusses the application of the various (AI) algorithms on the various wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), predicting (“WWTP”) effluent properties, the wastewater inflows, the anomaly detecting, and the energy optimization. The critical gaps and the future directions in the (AI) algorithms for the wastewater treatment, including the explain ability of the data-driven models or transfer Learning processes and reinforcement learning, are also addressed.
Conceptual framework for assessing the ecotourism carrying capacity of mangrove areas at ujung piring beach, Mlonggo
Authors: Elida Farikah , Anggoro Sutrisna , Putro Sapto P. , NR Wardhani Windi
Published: January 2025

The mangrove ecosystem plays a crucial role in maintaining biodiversity and ecological functions in coastal areas. This conceptual article explores the potential of mangrove ecosystems as ecotourism destinations, focusing on the suitability assessment of the area and tourism support capacity on Kemujan Island, Karimunjawa National Park, Indonesia. The study employs land suitability evaluation and tourism capacity analysis to assess the condition of mangrove forests as natural tourist destinations. The assessment results indicate that the mangrove forests in the region have high biodiversity and facilities that support various ecotourism activities, such as trekking, nature photography, and wildlife observation. The tourism capacity evaluation also identifies that the area can accommodate a number of visitors, considering factors such as area size, types of activities, and visit duration. In conclusion, developing mangrove ecotourism could provide significant economic benefits while promoting environmental conservation, though careful management is required to ensure the sustainability of the ecosystem and the well-being of local communities.
Enforcement of environmental law through citizen lawsuit in administrative court
Authors: Putrijanti Aju , Indreswari Tri Laksmi , Yuli Sulistyawan Aditya , Wahyu Ananingsih Sri , Doramia Lumbanraja Anggita
Published: January 2025

Environmental law had been enforced through by non-litigation or litigation. CLS is a litigation strategy used to file lawsuit against government for failing to deliver and fulfill citizen’s rights. The damage of the environmental can be harmful to humans. CLS used to file to General Court, however some cases were granted, and others were denied. The CLS regulation for environmental dispute existed following the Supreme Court Regulation Number 1 of 2023 which provided Guidance to Adjudicate Environmental Cases. Based on research as spesific finding there was no CLS was presented to the Administrative Court one year following the stipulation. Despite the importance of technical assistance for judges, the Supreme Court only provided it in 2024.The Administrative Court weilds significant power and authority to enforce environmental laws and protect the environmental for future generations. Specifically, CLS it demonstrates that government through the court body, tried to fulfill environmental citizen’s rights.
Battling the smoking epidemic: How Indonesia can boost its economy and health with proven global strategies
Authors: Fahlevi Mochammad , Razaki Wiky Fhalyang , Matroji Fajar Juanda , Dahlan Sahara Putri
Published: January 2025

The research aims to assess the impact of implementing the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) in Indonesia, which has one of the highest smoking rates worldwide. Utilizing a systematic literature review, the study analyzes global case studies and local tobacco control policies. The results suggest that the adoption of FCTC strategies, including raising tobacco taxes, enforcing comprehensive advertising bans, and establishing smoke-free environments, could significantly benefit public health and the economy. These benefits are evidenced by decreased healthcare expenses, reduced smoking rates, and enhanced economic productivity. Although there might be short-term economic challenges, the research supports that the long-term advantages of implementing the FCTC in Indonesia surpass these initial costs, making a strong argument for the adoption of these regulations.
Spatio-Temporal pattern of coastal flooding due to microclimate change and mangrove deforestation in Semarang and Demak Coastal Area
Authors: Widjonarko  , Purnaweni Hartuti , Maryono
Published: January 2025

The coastal area of Semarang-Demak has a high intensity of economic activity, indicated by the presence of industry, housing, and other socio-economic activities. On the one hand, the coastal area of Semarang-Demak is faced with increasing pressure due to climate change, and environmental degradation (mangrove deforestation). The climate change and mangrove deforestation have made the coastal flooding wider. This study is aimed to reveal the relationship between climate change, environmental degradation, and its impact to coastal flooding in Semarang Demak. This study used remote sensing methods uisng Landsat data from the years 1988-2023. The results showed the strong relationship between climate change, mangrove deforestation, and coastal flooding. And they have a significant impact on increasing the area of flooding on the Semarang-Demak coast. The modeling using regression statistics resulted the regression equation Y = -8966.7 + 290.8X1 + 5.06X2, where Y is the area of flooding on the Semarang Demak coast, X1 is mangrove forest damage, and X2 is microclimate change, with a determination coefficient of 74%. Based on this model, the opportunity for an increase in the area of flooding will be even greater if no efforts are made to overcome mangrove damage, and also microclimate change.
Enhancing cognitive performance through thermal comfort: Insights from classroom renovation at Diponegoro University
Authors: Purwaningsih Ratna , Varina Eka Lailita Eti , Mahachandra Manik , Putri Ade Aisyah Arifna , Susanto Novie
Published: January 2025

International Undergraduate Program (IUP) of Industrial Engineering Department classrooms face challenges when the Wet-bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT) reaches 27.09°C and a temperature of 32.69°C, primarily due to the extensive use of glass. Direct sunlight through glass windows can raise indoor temperature. A renovation project was initiated to enhance overall comfort by closing the glass surface using wooden material. This research aims to assess the WBGT in the classroom before and after renovation to analyze the effect of the thermal comfort increase on cognitive performance. Post-renovation measurements revealed a reduction in WBGT to 24.58°C, accompanied by a decrease in temperature and humidity. The cognitive performance is measured using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). Cognitive performance, including response time, showed improvement after the renovation, with the introduction of plants further enhancing this effect. Beyond improving classroom comfort, the renovation also presents opportunities for energy savings by reducing reliance on air conditioning. This study demonstrates how renovations can contribute to sustainable building practices, offering both immediate educational benefits and reductions in energy consumption, particularly in tropical climates.
Cross-cultural messaging: Evaluating the consistency of climate change communication post-translation
Authors: Ratna Maharani Patria , Saputri Lenggahing Asri Dwi Eko , Zunaira Rubi Yoshiko , Ghifara Misykah Auliya
Published: January 2025

This study investigates cross-cultural message consistency in climate change communication by evaluating the translation techniques used in environmental campaigns translated from English to Japanese. Using a qualitative approach, this study analyzes the translated environmental campaign materials, focusing on the identification and analysis of translation techniques used to translate messages or slogans. The analysis draws on an existing taxonomy of translation techniques to categorize and examine the strategies used by translators. The findings show that calque (kalki) is the most frequently used translation technique, followed by modulation. This indicates a tendency to prioritize closeness to the meaning and structure of the source text as well as ensuring naturalness in the target language. Other techniques, such as transposition, amplification and adaptation, were used less frequently. This study contributes to the understanding of cross-cultural messages in environmental campaigns and highlights the importance of translators’ decisions in maintaining consistency of messages across languages and cultures.
Waste management at kartasuro traditional market, Sukoharjo Regency
Authors: Nurbaya Fiqi , Budihardjo Mochamad Arief , Warsito Budi
Published: January 2025

Kartasura traditional market is a people’s market located in Kartasura District, Sukoharjo Regency. This market produces organic and inorganic waste. The purpose of the study was to analyze waste management at Kartasura Traditional Market. The type of research was descriptive qualitative. The informants of the study were cleaners, traders, market heads, staff of the Sukoharjo Regency Cooperative UKMK Trade Service, and the head of the Sukoharjo Regency Environmental Service UPTD. The object of the study was the waste management system at Kartasura Traditional Market based on the Decree of the Minister of Health Number 519 / MENKES / SK / VI / 2008 concerning guidelines for organizing a healthy market environment, PMK Number 17 of 2020 concerning Healthy Markets and SNI 519-2454-2002 concerning Technical Operational Procedures for Urban Waste Management. Data analysis used the Miles and Huberman model, namely Data Reduction, Data Presentation, and Conclusions or Verification. Research results management garbage in traditional markets Not yet in accordance with condition health, technology management rubbish sustainable that can applied is biomass and waste banks. Need done effort management trash that can contribute to sustainability environment is recycle repeat 3R.
The combination of demulsification-flotation processes for separating dissolved oil in gum-rosin industry wastewater
Authors: Prayitno  , Rulianah Sri , Sa’diyah Khalimatus , Dewajani Heny , Ramdhana Rucita
Published: January 2025

Wastewater produced from the gum-rosin and turpentine production process at the INHUTANI V factory contains dissolved oils (turpentine oil, pine resin, and acidic compounds). The agitation followed by the sedimentation process has not been effective in reducing dissolved oil, thus disrupting processing at the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). This research aimed to analyze the separation of dissolved oils in wastewater using the demulsification and flotation processes. The experiment was carried out by adding demulsifiers at various dosage variations and stirring at various velocities. The variables used in the research include demulsifier dosage (2%, 4%, 6%, and 10% volume), stirring velocity (100 rpm, 120 rpm, and 130 rpm), and flotation time (10, 15, and 20 minutes). The parameters analyzed include non-volatile, and turbidity. The results of the study showed that at a demulsifier dose of 10%, a stirring velocity of 120 rpm, and a flotation time of 20 minutes, there was a decrease in the maximum concentration of non-volatile and turbidity of 87% and 92%, respectively.
Improving the thermal performance of the buildings using a green façade system: An experimental study in a tropical climate
Authors: Widiastuti Ratih , Zaini Juliana , Abid Muhammad , Pramesti Previari Umi
Published: January 2025

The green façade systems can be considered as an effective way to create sustainable building design through improving building thermal performance. The significant temperature decrease can significantly decrease the building temperature and enhancing energy efficiency for cooling load. An experimental study of the vertical greenery system was conducted at the Faculty of Integrated Technologies, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Brunei Darussalam to evaluate the thermal impact of a green façade on the building by varying the wall surface and room temperature. Two identical rooms were identified as green façade rooms (GF-Room) and bare wall room (BW-Room). The temperature variation shows that the GF-Room consistently had lower temperatures than BW-Room. The notable drop in temperature is due to the shading effect of the green façade, as shown by the ambient air temperature in the cavity between the green façade system and the GF-Room. The mean and maximum temperature reduction is observed to be 2.2°C and 19.8°C, respectively. While the indoor thermal parameters showed a smaller temperature reduction by an average of 1.0°C. The findings of the current study led to the conclusion that using a vertical greenery system as a passive cooling design can significantly contribute to the temperature reduction of the buildings.
River community agency in mitigating disaster risk
Authors: Ramdhon Akhmad , Zunariyah Siti , Demartoto Argyo
Published: January 2025

Community plays a central role in disaster risk mitigation discourse and practice. This article explains important factor affecting the emergence of river community agency in disaster risk mitigation and agency form and pattern performed by river community. River Community in Yogyakarta city is selected to be the research location using multiple case study. The result of research shows that river community agency is affected ecological complaint and disaster experience harmful materially and non-materially. The agency pattern performed consists of structural and cultural agencies. Structural pattern gives emphasis on actions related to the attempt of restoring one of river’s functions as disaster organizer. The form of structural agency is manifested into some actions: cleaning river, saving river border, and organizing slums. Cultural agency gives emphasis on the attempt of improving environmental consciousness and interest in increasing the capacity of suppressing vulnerability. The form of cultural agency is facilitated through river school playing an important role in improving knowledge and capacity concerning environment and disaster. The two agency patterns become an integrated strategy to create a disaster-resilient community.
Optimizing community-based aquaponics: Evaluating the impact of rotary drum filter implementation on water conservation and operational efficiency
Authors: Muhammad Fuad , Arief Budihardjo Mochamad , Shofwan Agus , Sumartono Agus , Setyawan Budi , Inandin Nabiha Puteri
Published: January 2025

This study investigates the application of a Rotary Drum Filter (RDF) in a community-based aquaponic system, focusing on its impact on water conservation, operational efficiency, and economic viability. The RDF, incorporating a 200 mesh screw made from stainless steel 316 (SS 316) and a casing of polypropylene (PP), is designed for enhanced durability and chemical resistance. Key parameters such as water inlet and outlet diameters, body dimensions, and flow rate were optimized to suit the specific needs of a small to medium-sized aquaponic system. The implementation of the RDF resulted in significant water savings, reducing the need for frequent water replacement while maintaining high water quality. The compact design of the RDF allowed for seamless integration into the existing system without requiring additional space. Moreover, the study highlights the RDF’s ability to minimize labor requirements, making it an ideal solution for community-driven projects with limited resources. The findings underscore the importance of advanced filtration technology in improving the sustainability and efficiency of community-based aquaponics, addressing the research gap in this underexplored area.
Multi-hazard systems approach to overcome multi-hazard disaster in the northern coastal region of central jawa province
Authors: Muktiali Mohammad , Hadi Sudharto P. , Purnaweni Hartuti
Published: January 2025

Central Java Province is a region that has a high level of multiple disaster hazards. There are 21 types of natural disasters in the high category, such as floods, flash floods, extreme weather, extreme waves and abrasion, earthquakes, drought, several volcanic eruptions, liquefaction, tsunamis and landslides. A multi-system approach (through various adaptation & mitigation patterns based on multi-social-ecological systems) can increase community resilience. This research examine a multi-hazard system approach in increasing the resilience of coastal communities in the North Coast of Central Jawa (City of Pekalongan & Semarang). The research approach was carried out using a quantitative methods (scoring methods). Our study provides that structural mitigation (building sea dams and pumping programs), and adaptation (raising the height of house buildings & collaboration) was able to reduce the risk and increase community resilience to multi-disasters, especially floods, flash floods, tidal floods, and abrasion in Semarang and Pekalongan City. Our research suggests that it is important for policymakers to undertake structural mitigation through physical development of infrastructure and use of technology to reduce risk and increase community resilience. For communities, it is necessary to adapt by developing more disaster-resistant housing buildings.
Energy consumption and economic growth in the E7: A comprehensive analysis using random effect and PMG models
Authors: Oktavilia  , Damayanti Nadia , Arfinto Erman Denny , Wahyuningrum Indah Fajarini Sri
Published: January 2025

This study investigates the relationship between economic growth, agricultural practices, greenhouse gas emissions, and energy consumption in the E7 countries—Brazil, China, Indonesia, India, Mexico, Russia, and Turkey—using Random Effect and Pooled Mean Group (PMG) models. By analyzing panel data from 1992 to 2020, the research explores both short- and long-term impacts of GDP, agricultural land use (AGRI), greenhouse gas emissions (TGHG), and rice production (RICE) on energy consumption. The findings reveal that in the long run, GDP, AGRI, and TGHG have significant positive effects on energy consumption, indicating that economic growth, agricultural expansion, and environmental impact are key drivers of energy demand. However, RICE shows no significant long-term influence. In the short run, only TGHG remains a significant factor, while GDP and AGRI do not show immediate effects on energy consumption. These results underscore the importance of sustainable policies that address the long-term drivers of energy consumption, particularly in rapidly growing economies like the E7. The study contributes to the literature by providing insights into the unique dynamics of emerging economies, emphasizing the need for balanced strategies that promote economic growth while ensuring environmental sustainability
Integrating mosquito control and drinking water quality standards (DWQS) in urban rainwater harvesting systems
Authors: Muhammad Fuad , Arief Budihardjo Mochamad , Shofwan Agus , Sumartono Agus , Setyawan Budi , Nabiha Puteri Inandin , Bramiana Chely Novia
Published: January 2025

This study investigates the integration of advanced rainwater harvesting systems in urban residential buildings, focusing on their effectiveness in meeting Drinking Water Quality Standards (DWQS) and implementing effective mosquito control measures. As global challenges such as water scarcity and climate change intensify, sustainable water management practices have become critical. Rainwater harvesting, a time-tested approach, is increasingly recognized for its potential to reduce reliance on municipal water supplies and enhance the resilience of urban environments. The research addresses significant gaps in the current literature by evaluating a comprehensive system that not only harvests and filters rainwater for potable use but also manages grey water for non-potable applications. Through simulation and laboratory testing, the study assesses the system’s ability to meet DWQS while preventing mosquito breeding, which is vital for public health, particularly in regions prone to vector-borne diseases. The results indicate that the system is highly effective in maintaining water quality and controlling mosquito populations. The water collected consistently met DWQS, and no mosquito larvae were detected in the final storage tanks. These findings highlight the system’s suitability for integration into urban residential designs, supporting both sustainability and public health objectives.
Empowering communities in mangrove ecotourism: A pathway to sustainability and climate resilience in Bengkulu City
Authors: Srifitriani Abditama , Soeprobowati Tri Retnaningsih , Puryono Sri
Published: January 2025

This study examines how empowering local communities contributes to the planning, utilization, and management of Bhadrika Mangrove Ecotourism Park in Bengkulu City, advancing sustainability and climate resilience. Using a descriptive quantitative approach, 27 household heads from RT 08 Lingkar Barat were surveyed to assess their participation. The results indicate substantial community involvement in planning (73.03%), utilization (72.27%), and management (74.48%), all categorized as “good.” This active engagement promotes sustainable ecotourism, environmental preservation, and socio-economic development. However, issues such as limited infrastructure and low public awareness persist. Enhancing community roles through education, innovative approaches, and sustainable resource utilization is crucial to fully realize the ecological and social potential of mangrove ecotourism. The findings underscore the importance of community-driven initiatives in achieving ecosystem sustainability and climate change resilience.
Spatial and temporal monitoring of drought hazards in Opak Watershed
Authors: Suhardono Sapta , Septiariva Iva Yenis , Wijayanti Sovia , Ibriza Naila Maulida , Suryawan I Wayan Koko
Published: January 2025

The Opak Watershed in Yogyakarta Province has been under persistent drought threat. This study monitored drought conditions spatially and temporally using Sentinel-2 satellite imagery and rainfall data. The Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) was employed for drought assessment based on rainfall, while the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Normalized Difference Moisture Index (NDMI) evaluated drought via satellite images. A Pearson correlation analysis revealed significant relationships: SPI and NDVI (r = 0.527), SPI and NDMI (r = 0.704), and NDVI and NDMI (r = 0.921). The findings provide a comprehensive understanding of drought patterns and trends, revealing critical insights into the development of drought conditions over time and across various locations within the Opak Watershed.
Physical characterization of used lubricating oil as fuel production feedstock
Authors: Furqon Zami , Anggoro Didi D. , Sutanto Heri
Published: January 2025

These articles aim to identify the physical characteristics of the hydrocarbons in used lubricating oil, which is required as feedstock for process designs, and to address certain issues with the equipment used in the catalytic cracking process in the future. The data can be used to determine specific parameters to refine used lubricating oil into fuel. Used lubricating oil falls into the medium-heavy oil category based on the results of the characteristic tests. The physical test findings determined the sample’s fluidity and volatility qualities such as the ASTM D 92 flash point, ASTM D 97 pour point, ASTM D 4052 specific gravity test, ASTM D 1160 distillation, and ASTM D 445 viscosity. Based on test results, the following values were found: initial boiling point: 160°C, flash point: 198°C, specific gravity (60°F): 0.864, viscosity (100°C): 34.9 Centi Stoke, and pour point: > -30oC. Based on the collected data, the KUOP value is more than 12.5 where the value shows paraffinic hydrocarbon type and the API gravity value is 32.3.
The method of settling environmental conflicts in Indonesia: Alternative dispute resolution
Authors: Sari Rafiqa , Darwance Darwance , Anwar Muhammad Syaiful
Published: January 2025

Rapid progress poses significant dangers to environmental contamination and harm, leading to disruptions in the conservation of the local ecosystem. Damage to the environment and pollution represent a collective responsibility shouldered by society, with the government accountable for all expenses related to restoring the impacted environment. The issues concerning those responsible for environmental harm can be addressed through judicial means or alternative dispute resolution methods. The questions to consider are: First, how is the resolution of environmental conflicts handled outside of court when viewed from a civil law perspective? Second, what challenges exist in resolving disputes outside of the judiciary in Indonesia? The approach taken for this research is normative in nature. The findings indicate that settling disputes outside of court aims to achieve a compensation agreement that mitigates further negative impacts on the environment. Common challenges encountered in out-of-court dispute resolution include differing viewpoints between the party that has suffered harm and the party responsible, as well as the complexities associated with enforcing administrative law that can lead to the withdrawal of business permits, prompting the need to address cases of environmental damage through legal channels.
Ozone-based Advanced Oxidation Process for pharmaceutical contamination in wastewater: A review
Authors: Pratiwi Wahyu Zuli , Hadiyanto Hadiyanto , Widayat Widayat
Published: January 2025

Pharmaceutical contaminants, categorized as a subset of Emerging Contaminants, primarily originate from pharmaceutical industries and hospital activities. These pollutants pose significant environmental and public health risks due to their bioactive nature and widespread presence in various ecosystems. Their complex composition in wastewater and low concentrations present a global challenge, as conventional treatment methods often need to be more effective. Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) have emerged as a promising solution, offering high oxidation efficiency and facilitating the mineralization of such micropollutants. Among various AOPs, ozone-based AOPs stand out because radical hydroxyl is produced with high reactivity. This makes it particularly effective for degrading pharmaceutical micropollutants like antibiotics, which are known for their pseudo-persistent behaviour in the environment. Furthermore, integrating ozone-based AOPs with biological treatments provides a synergistic approach to wastewater treatment, enhancing degradation efficiency while reducing the formation of toxic by-products. This integration can be implemented as a pre-treatment or a post-treatment step, tailoring the process for optimal pollutant removal. This review explores the mechanisms and applications of ozone-based AOPs, focusing on their potential to mitigate pharmaceutical contaminants in wastewater.
An analysis of household waste generation in the Fomento 2 Public Housing Complex, Comoro Village, Dili, Timor Leste
Authors: Silva Augusto Almeida da , Maryono Maryono , Hermawan Ferry
Published: January 2025

Garbage can be defined as the residual material by humans in their daily activities. It is inevitable that the generation of waste will continue to increase in line with the continued interaction of humans in the real world. The purpose of this study is to analyze the generation of waste in the Fomento 2 housing complex and to identify the factors that influence it. The method applied in this scientific analysis is descriptive quantitative. There are several scientific articles that are used as reading material to support the study and strengthen data analyzes. The result of this study demonstrated that the quantity of waste generated was 177.1 kg, then sorted according to type, and found a totalreduction of 93.2 kg, with an average reduction of up to 53.09%. The data demonstrate that the generation of waste in the Fomento 2 housing complex is a significant concern. The lack of access to waste sorting containers and the lack of community skills in processing waste properly and correctly. And it’s require urgent attention to ensure the maintenance of a healthy life and a good environmental quality.
Edge-localized mode mitigation enabled by active control of pedestal density gradient with new EAST tokamak divertor
Authors: Lin X. , Yang Q. Q. , Xu G. S. , Jia G. Z. , Zhang C. , Wang Y. F. , Li N. M. , Yan N. , Chen R. , Xu X. Q. , Guo H. Y. , Wang L. , Liu S. C. , Zang Q. , Zhang T. , Zhong F. B. , Jin Y. F.
Published: January 2025

Mitigation of large edge-localized modes (ELMs) has been achieved by actively reducing the pedestal density gradient with the EAST new right-angled lower divertor through changing the strike point position from the vertical target to the horizontal target. A series of dedicated experiments in the 2021–2024 EAST campaigns demonstrate that this ELM control solution is highly reproducible in a broad parameter space of edge safety factor q95 = 4.7–7.1, heating power Ptotal = 2.3–5 MW, and pedestal collisionality νe,ped* = 1–6, under both favorable and unfavorable magnetic configurations. Higher plasma density could facilitate the achievement of this ELM control solution. Statistical results indicate that the ELM mitigation effect can be observed at relatively larger Greenwald density fraction of fGW > 0.47. In addition, this ELM mitigation effect can be achieved with both lithium-coated and boronized metal walls. The pedestal density gradient is systematically lower in the horizontal target case than that of the vertical target case when the ELM mitigation effect can be observed. SOLPS-ITER simulation results indicate that the pedestal fueling from divertor recycling is significantly lower in the horizontal target case. This could contribute to the formation of a flattened pedestal density profile with small ELMs.
Stability analysis of a numerical method for the 3D high-order Allen–Cahn equation
Authors: Ham Seokjun , Jyoti  , Choi Jaeyong , Nam Yunjae , Kim Junseok
Published: January 2025

The Allen–Cahn (AC) equation describes how phase separation occurs in binary alloy systems and the dynamics of interfaces between different phases. In the present study, we incorporated the function of high order polynomial potentials in the standard AC equation and present the stability condition for the numerical scheme that is used to solve the AC problem in three-dimensional space. We used a fully explicit Euler scheme for temporal derivatives and a second-order finite difference approach for spatial discretization. However, the explicit scheme is known for its speed and accuracy due to the use of small time steps, but it is subject to a temporal step size limitation. Here, we derived and validated a time step condition that satisfies the discrete maximum principle and assures the stability of the scheme. Several experiments are carried out under the constrained time step to ensure the accuracy of the explicit method, the stability of the scheme, and the discrete maximum principle.
Collision of nanoscale water droplets: A molecular dynamics study
Authors: Tian Y. Y. , Ma M. Y. , Chen Z. Y. , Cui K. , Du J. F. , Yu C. , Wang S. L. , He X.
Published: January 2025

Through molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, the collision of two unequal-size droplets with various diameter ratios (Δ) is elaborately scrutinized over a wide range of impact Weber numbers (We). The dynamic evolutions are carefully observed via visual software, which is found to be very different compared with equal-size collisions. The spreading hysteresis is observed over a full spectrum of We for unequal-size collisions because of the merged droplets experiencing wave-capillary propagation, which is commonly seen at the macro-scale. The merged droplet is always directionally moving toward the negative x-direction, resulting from the existence of an energy difference between two collisional droplets. The variation of Δ and We on unequal-size-induced directional movement is discussed in detail by recording the mass-center variation of merged droplets at different given conditions. The maximum spreading factor of merged droplets, βmax, co, has been discussed by involving Δ into the energy-balance equation. Although the predicted results are slightly lower than MD simulations, this is still the most suitable mode due to the different energy dissipation mechanisms at the nanoscale. How Δ affects the off-center collisions is examined by observing collisional dynamics and drawing phase diagrams with respect to three important characteristic parameters (We, B, and Δ). Finally, we establish a theoretical model for predicting the boundary between coalescence and stretched separation, which agrees well with data extracted from MD simulations. This work paves the way to understand the collision with two unequal-size nanodroplets and provides guidance for nanoscale applications.
Equivalent slip length of flow around a super-hydrophobic cylinder
Authors: Li Zhi-Yong , Xiao Ya-Kang , Li Yan-Cheng , Yu Li , Peng Sai , Xiong Yong-Liang
Published: January 2025

This study presents a two-dimensional numerical simulation to determine the equivalent wall slip length for flow around a circular cylinder with a superhydrophobic surface. The superhydrophobic surface is modeled as an alternating distribution of slip and no-slip boundary conditions along the cylinder's surface, with the smallest repeating unit of this pattern referred to as a monomer. The investigation focuses on the effects of Reynolds number (Re) and two critical dimensionless parameters: the gas fraction (GF), representing the proportion of the slip length relative to the total length of the monomer, and the ratio of monomer length to cylinder radius (MC), denoting the ratio of the monomer length (l) to the cylinder's radius (a). The ranges for Re, GF, and MC considered are 0.2–180, 0.1–0.99, and π/80–π/5, respectively. To characterize the slip behavior, the Knudsen number (Kn) is introduced as a dimensionless parameter measuring the ratio between the equivalent slip length (λ) and the cylinder's diameter (D). By equating the integral wall friction resistance along the cylinder surface, a quantitative relationship is established between the equivalent Kn and the governing parameters (Re, GF, MC). A meticulous comparison of flow parameters reveals that the equivalent slip length model provides an effective approximation for the slip-no-slip alternating model. These findings contribute valuable insights into relationship between the slip-no-slip alternating model and the equivalent slip length, offering potential applications in fluid dynamics research involving superhydrophobic surfaces.
Experimental investigation of last stage blade and exhaust hood for improving the performance of turbine and exhaust
Authors: Fu Jinglun , Qiu Bin , Song Yufeng
Published: January 2025

An exhaust system is widely used in steam turbine and gas turbine to recover the leaving kinetic energy of the last stage turbine. The performance of the exhaust system plays an important role in terms of the thermal efficiency for the whole turbomachinery. So in this paper, the turbine and exhaust hood are redesigned to improve the aerodynamic performance of a 1/15 scale typical low pressure steam turbine with a radial exhaust hood. The performances of the two modified configurations are experimental investigated and compared on the signal turbine stage and radial exhaust hood test rig under 80%, 100%, and 120% design load conditions. It is found that both modification methods improve the static pressure recovery ability of exhaust hood and reduce the total pressure loss. Furthermore, the combination of adjusting turbine blades and modifying exhaust hood is more effective to improve the performance of exhaust system.