bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Management information system in Nigerian secondary schools: challenges and way forward
Authors: Yusuf Suleiman , Ayoku Oba Baba , Funmilayo Ibrahim Bashirat
Published: August 2022

Information is regarded as a fundamental resource to an organization and as such its management is apparently one of the most strategic operational instruments for organizational efficacy. Management information system plays an indispensable role in the smooth running of secondary schools. This paper examined the management information system in Nigerian secondary schools. The concept of a management information system was examined from different perspectives. Also, the features, components and development of management information systems in Nigeria were examined. The national policy on ICT integration in the Nigerian school system, the roles of MIS, challenges and strategies for effective integration of information systems in the Nigerian school system were elucidated consecutively. The study concluded that the school system requires an efficient management information system to take the secondary school a step further and boosts students’ academic success. It was recommended among others that secondary school administrators must maximally integrate educational management information system towards making an appropriate decision, seminars, conferences and workshops on educational management information system should be periodically organized for relevant stakeholders in secondary education and intensive efforts should be made by stakeholders (e.g. government, NGO, philanthropists) in secondary education towards genuine integration of ICT policies in the school.
Prospects, challenges and strategies of internationalization of University Education in Kenya
Authors: Sika James Ochieng , Othoo Hezekiah Adwar
Published: August 2022

Education has become more international and in this millennium, governments have laid emphasis on internationalization of higher education through international co-operation and exchange. In Kenya, institutions and universities have developed their own strategies to internalize their research teaching and service. The process of globalization renews roles and responsibilities of universities following the rapid expansion of various programmes offered at the Kenyan universities due also to increase in student enrollment and opening of new campuses. It follows that Universities are operating in an economic challenging environment which demands for excellence in all services being offered. The question that this paper seeks to answer are what are the strategies and prospect that can be used by universities to improve their excellence in international ranking. The study further looks at the challenges and obstacles toward internationalization of Kenyan universities. The study concludes that implementation components of strategic plans and feedback mechanism is vital for improvement in presence, impact, openness and excellence in practice globally. The study recommends that adoption of pro – active approach through internship programs, research, innovation and creativity are necessary to improve internalization of Kenyan universities.
The reliability of video fluoroscopy, ultrasound imaging, magnetic resonance imaging and radiography for measurements of lumbar spine segmental range of motion in-vivo: A review
Authors: Daniel Eleanor Shalini , Lee Raymond Y.W. , Williams Jonathan Mark
Published: August 2022

BACKGROUND: Lower back pain (LBP) is a principal cause of disability worldwide and is associated with a variety of spinal conditions. Individuals presenting with LBP may display changes in spinal motion. Despite this, the ability to measure lumbar segmental range of motion (ROM) non-invasively remains a challenge. OBJECTIVE: To review the reliability of four non-invasive modalities: Video Fluoroscopy (VF), Ultrasound imaging (US), Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Radiography used for measuring segmental ROM in the lumbar spine in-vivo. METHODS: The methodological quality of seventeen eligible studies, identified through a systematic literature search, were appraised. RESULTS: The intra-rater reliability for VF is excellent in recumbent and upright positions but errors are larger for intra-rater repeated movements and inter-rater reliability shows larger variation. Excellent results for intra- and inter-rater reliability are seen in US studies and there is good reliability within- and between-day. There is a large degree of heterogeneity in MRI and radiography methodologies but reliable results are seen. CONCLUSIONS: Excellent reliability is seen across all modalities. However, VF and radiography are limited by radiation exposure and MRI is expensive. US offers a non-invasive, risk free method but further research must determine whether it yields truly consistent measurements.
Effectiveness of different surgical methods in the treatment of acute central cord syndrome without fractures and dislocations of the cervical spine
Authors: Jia Yongli , Zuo Xianhong , Zhang Ying , Yao Yao , Yin Yanlin , Yang Xinming
Published: August 2022

BACKGROUND: Acute central cord syndrome (ACCS) without fractures or dislocations is the most common form of incomplete spinal cord injury. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of different surgical methods in the treatment of acute central cord syndrome without fractures or dislocations of the cervical spine. METHODS: A total of 164 patients with ACCS without fracture or dislocation of the cervical spine treated in our hospital from May 2012 to October 2019 were recruited and assigned to study group A and study group B according to different treatment modalities, with 82 cases in each group. Study group A underwent anterior cervical discectomy and fusion, and study group B was treated with posterior cervical laminectomy. The American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) classification and motor scores of all cases at admission and at discharge were recorded, and the treatment outcomes of the two groups were compared. RESULTS: No significant differences were found in the ASIA classification and ASIA motor scores between the two groups at admission (P> 0.05). One year after surgery, the ASIA motor scores and sensory scores were not statistically significant between the two groups (P> 0.05) but showed significant improvement compared to the preoperative scores (P< 0.05). CONCLUSION: Both anterior cervical discectomy and fusion and posterior cervical laminectomy can improve the ASIA classification, ASIA motor scores, and sensory scores of ACCS patients without fractures or dislocations of the cervical spine. Therefore, surgical methods should be adopted based on the patients’ conditions.
Reinforcement learning strategies for vessel navigation
Authors: Daranda Andrius , Dzemyda Gintautas
Published: August 2022

Safe navigation at sea is more important than ever. Cargo is usually transported by vessel because it makes economic sense. However, marine accidents can cause huge losses of people, cargo, and the vessel itself, as well as irreversible ecological disasters. These are the reasons to strive for safe vessel navigation. The navigator shall ensure safe vessel navigation. He must plan every maneuver and act safely. At the same time, he must evaluate and predict the actions of other vessels in dense maritime traffic. This is a complicated process and requires constant human concentration. It is a very tiring and long-lasting duty. Therefore, human error is the main reason of collisions between vessels. In this paper, different reinforcement learning strategies have been explored in order to find the most appropriate one for the real-life problem of ensuring safe maneuvring in maritime traffic. An experiment using different algorithms was conducted to discover a suitable method for autonomous vessel navigation. The experiments indicate that the most effective algorithm (Deep SARSA) allows reaching 92.08% accuracy. The efficiency of the proposed model is demonstrated through a real-life collision between two vessels and how it could have been avoided.
Personalized Prediction of Alzheimer’s Disease and Its Treatment Effects by Donepezil: An Individual Participant Data Meta-Analysis of Eight Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Yoshida Kazufumi , Seo Michael , Luo Yan , Sahker Ethan , Cipriani Andrea , Leucht Stefan , Iwatsubo Takeshi , Efthimiou Orestis , Furukawa Toshiaki A.
Published: August 2022

Background: Patient characteristics may predict the progression of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and may moderate the effects of donepezil. Objective: To build a personalized prediction model for patients with AD and to estimate patient-specific treatment effects of donepezil, using individual patient characteristics. Methods: We systematically searched for all double-masked randomized controlled trials comparing oral donepezil and pill placebo in the treatment of AD and requested individual participant data through its developer, Eisai. The primary outcome was cognitive function at 24 weeks, measured with the Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale-cognitive component (ADAS-cog). We built a Bayesian meta-analytical prediction model for patients receiving placebo and we performed an individual patient data meta-analysis to estimate patient-level treatment effects. Results: Eight studies with 3,156 participants were included. The Bayesian prediction model suggested that more severe cognitive and global function at baseline and younger age were associated with worse cognitive function at 24 weeks. The individual participant data meta-analysis showed that, on average, donepezil was superior to placebo in cognitive function (ADAS-cog scores, –3.2; 95% Credible Interval (CrI) –4.2 to –2.1). In addition, our results suggested that antipsychotic drug use at baseline might be associated with a lower effect of donepezil in ADAS-cog (2.0; 95% CrI, –0.02 to 4.3). Conclusion: Although our results suggested that donepezil is somewhat efficacious for cognitive function for most patients with AD, use of antipsychotic drugs may be associated with lower efficacy of the drug. Future research with larger sample sizes, more patient covariates, and longer treatment duration is needed.
Technical measures for improving the cold island effect of air source heat pump unit array
Authors: Sun Yong , Xu Hui-Xuan , Liu Yang , Xue Ke-Li , Shi Yong-Jiang
Published: August 2022

In recent years, in response to the call for energy conservation and emission reduction, the air source heat pump systems have been widely applied in regional centralized heating engineering.However, due to the existence of cold island effect, the heat pump unit operation in winter has the problems of low efficiency, high operation cost and insufficient production.This paper takes the heat source station combined with gas source heat pump and electric boiler as an example, and its heat pump unit array was simulated and calculated by analyzing relevant test data and using the numerical calculation method. Some technical measures were put forward to improve the cold island effect, and then the advantages and application scope of these measures are also analyzed.
Study on online demand-supply matching of electric power technology based on technical field feature
Authors: Zhang Lihui , Lu Wei , Zhang Caiqing
Published: August 2022

As the technical demand-supply text information increases rapidly in electric power technology transfer, traditional matching methods could no longer meet the need. To solve this problem, this paper proposed a new technical demand-supply matching method based on electric power technical field feature. First, the improved TF-IDF algorithm was used to extract technical field feature, then scientific and technological achievements with higher relevancy were retrieved based on technical field feature to build a background library of electric power technological achievements, and the matching degree of electric power technological achievements based on word vector was used to verify the matching efficiency of this method. We adopted the China smart grid technical transaction service platform and the text message of electric power technical demand and technological achievements on Keyi net for application, and the results indicate this method has raised the matching efficiency by 23.4% compared to traditional methods. In this paper, a new idea of taking technical field feature as the demand-supply matching basis of electric power technology transfer platform was proposed, which opens a new perspective for the research of demand-supply matching efficiency on electric power technology transfer platform, helps to promote the matching efficiency of technical demand and technological achievements, and further raises the success rate of electric power technology transfer.
Mutual clustered redundancy assisted feature selection for an intrusion detection system
Authors: Veeranna T. , Reddi Kiran Kumar
Published: August 2022

Intrusion Detection is very important in computer networks because the widespread of internet makes the computers more prone to several cyber-attacks. With this inspiration, a new paradigm called Intrusion Detection System (IDS) has emerged and attained a huge research interest. However, the major challenge in IDS is the presence of redundant and duplicate information that causes a serious computational problem in network traffic classifications. To solve this problem, in this paper, we propose a novel IDS model based on statistical processing techniques and machine learning algorithms. The machine learning algorithms incudes Fuzzy C-means and Support Vector Machine while the statistical processing techniques includes correlation and Joint Entropy. The main purpose of FCM is to cluster the train data and SVM is to classify the traffic connections. Next, the main purpose of correlation is to discover and remove the duplicate connections from every cluster while the Joint entropy is applied for the discovery and removal of duplicate features from every connection. For experimental validation, totally three standard datasets namely KDD Cup 99, NSL-KDD and Kyoto2006+ are considered and the performance is measured through Detection Rate, Precision, F-Score, and accuracy. A five-fold cross validation is done on every dataset by changing the traffic and the obtained average performance is compared with existing methods.
The mobile edge computing task offloading in wireless networks based on improved genetic algorithm
Authors: Shang Zhanlei , Zhao Chenxu
Published: August 2022

In order to overcome the problems of high unloading time cost, long unloading task delay and poor load balance of traditional offloading methods, this paper studies the mobile edge computing task offloading method of wireless network based on improved genetic algorithm. Based on the wireless network mobile edge computing architecture, a wireless network mobile edge computing task scheduling scheme is constructed to lay the foundation for subsequent task offloading. Then, the improved genetic algorithm is used for initial operation allocation and offloading priority ranking, and the mobile edge computing task offloading is realized by dynamically adjusting the trade-off coefficient. The experimental results show that the offloading time cost of this method is between 0.16 min–0.31 min, the offloading task delay is between 1.05 s–1.47 s, and the load balance can reach 97.9%, indicating that it effectively realizes the design expectation.
Prevalence of job burnout in Iranian nurses: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Sohrabi Younes , Yarmohammadi Hamed , Pouya Amin Babaei , Arefi Maryam Feiz , Hassanipour Soheil , Poursadeqiyan Mohsen
Published: August 2022

BACKGROUND: Nurses experience many job tensions, which lead to job burnout. The consequences of nurses’ job burnout include absenteeism, reduced quality of patient care, interpersonal conflicts with colleagues, physical and mental problems, reluctance to provide care with patients, and quitting the job. OBJECTIVE: The present study aimed to investigate the prevalence of job burnout among nurses in Iran using a meta-analysis method. METHOD: The study was conducted through a meta-analysis method based on the PRISMA checklist. An unlimited search was conducted until 2020 to access the Persian and English papers in national databases, including Medlib, SID, Iranmedex, and Magiran, and databases including Cochrane, Science-Direct, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. The keywords were “job burnout, nurse, and Iran.” The data were searched and extracted by two researchers independently. All analyses were performed using version 2.0 of the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (CMA) software. RESULTS: The prevalence of job burnout was investigated in 14 papers with a sample size of 2271 individuals with an average age of 31.44 years old, and a confidence interval of 55% (44–66%). Fars province, with 89.2%, had the highest, and Zanjan province, with 25.9%, experienced the lowest prevalence of job burnout. The overall prevalence of job burnout was 44% in males and 66% in females so that the highest prevalence was in women. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of job burnout in nurses was high in some areas of Iran. A special attention by managers is needed in this field because of the several roles played by the nurses in the healthcare system and the improvement of public health. Implementation of plans to reduce the job burnout and to improve the mental health of nurses by reducing work hours, giving more opportunities to them to express their opinion(s) in amount of salary and benefits, and creating better working conditions are recommended.
Paternalistic leadership as an antecedent: Examining the comprehensive model of nurse’s life satisfaction
Authors: Zhijie Song , Gull Nida , Asghar Muhammad , Shi Rui , Sarfraz Muddassar
Published: August 2022

BACKGROUND: Paternalistic leadership style has progressively intrigued organisational behaviour study in the last two decades. An abundance of research is integrating the existing literature on leadership and positive organizational culture to better understand the processes through which leadership leads to life satisfaction. OBJECTIVE: One such mechanism through which specific leaders influence life satisfaction is work-family conflict (WFC) and family-work conflict (FWC). Paternalistic leadership is a significant antecedent to develop subordinates’ life satisfaction because it integrates discipline with fatherly support. However, no research exists to date on the effect of paternalistic leaders on subordinate’ WFC and FWC, which in turn affects their life satisfaction. METHOD: The current study examines the impact of paternalistic leadership on employee life satisfaction using a sample of 198 nurses from public sector hospitals of Sindh province in Pakistan. The data was collected through survey questionnaires, and Smart-PLS-SEM was used to test the proposed hypotheses. RESULTS: The primary goal of this study was to investigate the relationship between paternalistic leadership and life satisfaction. At the same time, there were significant mediation effects on life satisfaction. CONCLUSION: The findings indicate that paternalistic leadership positively impacted life happiness through decreasing followers’ WFC. However, it has a detrimental influence on FWC, which mediates the effect on subordinates’ life satisfaction.
Uso de homeopatias para tratamento de estereotipias em equinos – revisão de literatura
Authors:   Universidade de Franca, Pavan Ana Luíza Bernardes , Casas Vitor Foroni ,   Universidade de Franca, Silva Gabriela Oliveira Lamarca da ,   Universidade de Franca, Arantes Mariana Melo Ferreira ,   Universidade de Franca, Rosa Júnior Mazurquiedisk Nunes ,   Universidade de Franca
Published: August 2022

Free-ranging equines have a species-specific behavioral pattern, however with urbanization and rural exodus, the need to keep these animals confined close to humans arose. The habit of keeping them imprisoned is harmful to their well-being, generating the possibility of developing behavioral changes called stereotypies. In addition to devaluing the animal, these behaviors bring harm to health. It is known that environmental enrichment and changes in the management of stabled horses, in some cases, are not enough to provide the interruption of stereotypies when already established by the animals. In this way, the use of homeopathy can be an alternative as a form of treatment for animals with obsessive compulsive behavioral disorders. For the treatment, it is necessary to assess the individuality of each animal, in this way the exact medication that is compatible with the specific signs is prescribed, so that the results are satisfactory.
The Effect of Respiratory and Core Stability Tele-exercises on Pulmonary and Functional Status in COVID-19 Survivors: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors:   Department of Sports Injuries and Corrective Exercises, Faculty of Sport Science, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran., Mashhadi Mohammad , Sahebozamani Mansour ,   Department of Sports Injuries and Corrective Exercises, Faculty of Sport Science, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran., Daneshjoo Abdolhamid ,   Department of Sports Injuries and Corrective Exercises, Faculty of Sport Science, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran., Adeli Seyyed Hassan ,   Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran.
Published: August 2022

Purpose: Various complications, including physical, cognitive, and functional disorders, have been identified in patients discharged and recovered from COVID-19. Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) can be considered a strategy for these disorders. This study aimed to investigate the effect of respiratory and core stability tele-exercises on pulmonary function and functional capacity in survivors discharged and recovered from COVID-19. Methods: This randomized clinical trial study was performed in Qom Province, Iran, in 2021. Thirty discharged patients voluntarily participated in this study and were randomly divided into two groups of 15 patients. Eventually, 27 patients in two groups of exercise (13 patients) and control (14 patients) completed this study. The exercise group performed respiratory and core stability tele-exercise for 8 weeks. Before and after the exercise program, pulmonary function, including forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), FEV1/FVC ratio, and six-minute walk test (6MWT) were assessed in both groups. Mixed repeated measures test in SPSS software v. 27, was used to compare the mean of pre-test-post-test information of the groups. The significance level for this study was considered 0.05. Results: In the exercise group, a significant improvement was observed in FVC, FEV1, and 6MWT after the intervention (P≤0.05), but no significant difference was observed in the FEV1/FVC ratio (P>0.05). Furthermore, a significant interaction was observed in 6MWD, FVC, FVC (predicted), FEV1, and FEV1 (predicted). However, in FEV1/FVC ratio, no significant interaction was observed between the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion: The results of the study showed that in the new crisis resulting from persistent complications of COVID-19, respiratory and core stability exercises by the tele-exercise method could be used as a helpful method in the rehabilitation of patients discharged and recovered from COVID-19 disease.
Predicting high-risk behaviors based on satisfying basic psychological needs, cognitive emotion regulation and attachment styles mediated by mental vitality in female adolescents
Authors:   Ph.D Student, Department of Educational Psychology, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran., Mohammadi Hosseini Asl Faezeh , Saken Azari Rana ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, Sarab Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sarab, Iran, Abdoltajedini Parviz ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, Sarab Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sarab, Iran., Naghi Aghdasi Ali ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran.
Published: August 2022

Introduction: Given that basic psychological needs, cognitive emotion regulation, attachment styles and mental vitality are among the factors that play a protective role in the occurrence of high-risk behaviors; therefore, predicting the underlying or eliminating factors of high-risk behaviors seems necessary. Aim: This study was conducted to predicting high-risk behaviors based on satisfying basic psychological needs, cognitive regulation of emotion and attachment styles mediated by mental vitality in female adolescents. Method: The statistical population of this descriptive-correlational study included all female students of the second year of high school in Tabriz in the academic year 2018-2019, from which 282 people were selected using multi-stage cluster sampling. Data were collected through Iranian Adolescents Risk-Taking Scale (IARTS), Basic Psychological Needs Scale (BPNS), Adult Attachment Inventory (AAI), Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ) and Mental Vitality Questionnaire (MVQ). Data were analyzed using path analysis method in SPSS-23 and Lisrel-8 software. Results: There is a negative and significant relationship between high-risk behaviors with the satisfaction of basic psychological needs (P=0.001, r=-0.230), and mental vitality (P=0.001, r=-0.313) and attachment styles (P=0.001, r=0.247) there is a positive and significant relationship; while only the satisfaction of basic psychological needs (P=0.004) can predict high-risk behaviors due to the mediating role of mental vitality. Conclusion: Satisfaction of basic psychological needs due to the mediating role of mental vitality has the ability to predict high-risk behaviors; these findings can be helpful in effectively preventing high-risk behaviors among female adolescents.
The relationship of treatment adherence with illness perception, self-compassion and perceived social support: the mediatory role of life expectancy among patients with cardiovascular diseases
Authors:   PhD Student, Department of Psychology, Urmia Branch, Islamic Azad University, Urmia, Iran., Pouresmaeel Niyazi Mahdi , Farshbaf Mani Sefat Farnaz ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, Urmia Branch, Islamic Azad University, Urmia, Iran, Khademi Ali ,   Associate Professor, Department of Psychology, Urmia Branch, Islamic Azad University, Urmia, Iran., Meshgi Shahla ,   Assistant Professor, Cardiovascular Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
Published: August 2022

Introduction: Treatment adherence is an indispensable strategy in the management of chronic diseases and can be influenced by various factors. Aim: The present study aimed to investigate the mediatory role of life expectancy in the relationship of treatment adherence with illness perception, self-compassion, and perceived social support among patients with cardiovascular diseases. Method: The present study was correlational and was conducted according to structural equation modeling. The population included all patients with cardiovascular diseases that visited Shahid Madani Heart Center in Tabriz, Iran, during the spring of 2021. Then, 234 patients were selected as the sample using the convenience sampling method. The instruments included Broadbent’s Illness Perception Questionnaire, Raes’s Self-compassion Scales, Zimet’s Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, Snyder’s Adult Hope Scale, and the Modanloo’s Treatment Adherence Scale. Data analysis was conducted using Pearson’s correlation test, Path Analysis, and Sobel’s test in SPSS-24 and AMOS-24. Results: The findings showed that illness perception, self-compassion, perceived social support, and life expectancy had a direct and significant impacts on treatment adherence, and illness perception, self-compassion, and perceived social supports had a direct and significant impacts on life expectancy (P<0.001). Moreover, the results of the Sobel Test indicated that illness perceptions (β=0.095), self-compassion (β=0.086), and perceived social support (β=0.087) had a significant indirect influence on treatment adherence by the mediation of life expectancy (P<0.01). Conclusion: The findings showed that illness perceptions, self-compassion, and perceived social support increased treatment adherence by the mediation of life expectancy. Thus, goals could be set to train and increase life expectancy and – consequently – treatment adherence in patients with cardiovascular diseases.
Zbirka daščica i mikroskopskih preparata drva komercijalnih vrsta drveća i mogućnost izrade i korištenja u osnovnim i srednjim školama
Authors: Hofer Matea
Published: August 2022

Drvo ima ključnu ulogu u životu ljudi i koristi se od davnina do današnjih dana kao materijal za gradnju i ogrjev. Vrlo je važno poznavati mikro i makrostrukturu drva različitih svojti, jer one pomažu u determinaciji vrsta i rodova te direktno ili indirektno utječu na njegova fizikalna i mehanička svojstva. Zbirke daščica i mikroskopskih preparata mogu poslužiti kao materijal za učenje u školama i fakultetima te kao komparativne zbirke kod determinacije uzoraka drva.
Presentación
Authors: Periodicos Portal
Published: August 2022

Presentación
Entre Extrativismo e Ciência: A História da Exploração da Cera de Carnaúba no Nordeste do Brasil na Primeira Metade do Século XX
Authors: Moreira Paulo Italo
Published: August 2022

Este trabalho visa compreender a atuação de cientistas, técnicos, políticos e instituições no extrativismo da cera de carnaúba na primeira metade do século XX. A carnaúba (Copernicia cerifera Mart.) é um vegetal endêmico do semiárido do Brasil, presente em maior número nos estados do Piauí, Ceará e Rio Grande do Norte. De grande utilidade nessas regiões, o produto de maior valor comercial que alçou o vegetal à condição de planta extrativa foi a cera, produzida a partir da extração de um pó branco incrustado em suas folhas. A busca pelas melhores formas de extração da matéria-prima e de produção de cera de carnaúba motivou especialistas desde o século XIX a discutirem e elaborarem propostas para obtenção de um produto cada vez mais valorizado dentro e fora do país. Com base na análise de documentos publicados pelo Ministério da Agricultura e outros órgãos oficiais brasileiros e norte-americanos, o argumento central será demonstrar o papel das ciências e da tecnologia na introdução de métodos inovadores e de um aparato científico, como a invenção de máquinas de extração, aplicadas a uma agricultura desde muito tempo baseada fortemente no cultivo e comércio locais.
El Costo de la Libertad. Un Acercamiento Metabólico a la Guerra de Independencia Chilena (1814-1817)
Authors: Castro Joaquín Gutiérrez
Published: August 2022

Debido a la importancia central que los historiadores decimononicos —en tanto constructores de la mitología patria que sostiene a las identidades colectivas nacionales— le dieron a la historia militar del periodo de la independencia, resulta fundamental revisitarla con el objetivo de levantar el velo nacionalista que la rodea. Para ello hemos decidido una aproximación desde la historia ecologica, la cual nos permite eliminar la gesta heroica del fenomeno militar, centrandonos por el contrario en los ejercitos en tanto entidades socio-economicas. Para lograr nuestro objetivo este articulo propone una lectura metabolica de la Guerra de Independencia Chilena entre los años 1814 y 1817, aplicando la metodología propuesta por Micah S. Muscolino en su libro The Ecology of War in China. La cual sostiene que un ejercito debe ser comprendido como una entidad que depende del medio natural y humano para su supervivencia en tanto lo proveén de un input energetico, al tiempo que acelera la degradación del mismo producto de la liberación de fuerzas entropicas en él. Finalmente hemos optado por analisar la batalla conocida como el Desastre de Rancagua, la conformación del ejercito libertador por San Martín y posterior cruce de los Andes como instantes que nos permiten observar el ciclo vital de un ejercito.
The Caboclo Population of the Araucaria Forest of Santa Catarina: Common Use of Land, Expropriation and Marginalization
Authors: Brandt Marlon , Moretto Samira Peruchi
Published: August 2022

From the end of the eighteenth century, a substantial portion of Santa Catarina state’s population settled in its region of Mixed Ombrophilous Forest or Araucaria Forest. Known as Caboclos, these people lived on the margins of the cattle ranches in the Grasslands region. Their basic source of income was subsistence farming and other practices linked to the exploration of common forest resources, such as breeding free-range pigs and harvesting yerba mate. Like land ownership and social life, access to these resources was regulated by a set of practices, norms and customs consistent and sustainable with this environment, which also served as a kind of territorial delimitation of these populations. The aim of this article is to analyze how the private appropriation of land – represented by colonization and the activities of the timber industry, which devastated the region’s forests, especially from the first two decades of the twentieth century onwards – led to the disintegration of spaces of common use, increased the instances of expropriation, and exacerbated the marginalization of this Caboclo population.
Fundamental Issues in Mass Media Audience Research
Authors: Senam Nsikan , Joshua Umoh , Christopher Priscilla
Published: August 2022

The overriding influence of internet-enabled technologies has greatly disrupted the media ecosystem, resulting in new realities like audience segmentation, media convergence and mass media demassification. With the geometrical increase in the number of mass media channels, competition for audience and the growing culture of consumer sovereignty, the survival of the mass media is becoming more and more dependent on satisfying the diverse needs, tastes and preferences of the audience than ever before. Beyond the deployment of creative personnel and sophisticated media facilities, the key to satisfying the media audience lies on understanding the needs of the audience; such understanding basically comes through research. This article discussed the primacy of the mass media audience research and drew support from two theories: Active Audience Theory and Consumer Sovereignty Theory. It is a discourse in which data were mainly gathered from secondary sources like books, journals and other relevant recorded contents. While elucidating the concept of mass media audience research and its necessity, it identifies various forms of mass media audience research and offers a recipe for conducting one. The article also made an in-depth discussion of four challenges of mass media audience research. Findings revealed that audience research is indispensable in mass media practice. It is therefore recommended that for greater utilization of mass media audience research by media organizations, greater attention should be paid to the teaching of audience research by communication training institutions and greater interest in the learning of required mass media audience research skills by media professionals.
ON ENHANCING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF CONSIDERING APPEALS OF PARTICIPANTS IN CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS
Authors: Вяткин Андрей Николаевич
Published: August 2022

In the article, the author denotes as a problem the high level of unfounded complaints by participants in criminal proceedings, as well as the nature of barratry and the regulatory framework governing opposition to it. Purpose: to increase the effectiveness of the practice of considering complaints by reducing the proportion of unfounded ones, releasing resources for the restoration of real violated rights. Methods: the author applies empirical methods of comparison, description, interpretation; theoretical methods of formal and dialectical logic. Specific scientific methods are used: legal-dogmatic and interpretation of legal norms. Results: a significant degree of influence of barratry as a phenomenon on the formation of the share of unfounded complaints of participants in criminal proceedings is revealed. The author thinks that the awareness and consideration of this factor in practice allows releasing significant reserves for protecting real affected citizens, thus ensuring a balance of the legitimate interests of the applicants, including the timeliness of medical assistance to persons who, due to their mental state, are capable of harming themselves or others. The underestimation of this factor, disregarding obvious signs of the applicant's mental disorder by law enforcement and supervisory officials, who are called upon, inter alia, to prevent offences should be regarded as improper performance of duties. Proposals are developed to improve the practice of considering complaints.
RESTRICTION ON THE RIGHTS OF PARTICIPANTS IN PRE-TRIAL PROCEEDINGS IN CRIMINAL PROCEDURE
Authors: Качалов Егор Викторович
Published: August 2022

The purpose of the article is to study the legal essence of restricting the rights of participants in pre-trial proceedings in criminal procedure, the specific goals of their restriction, the list of rights that may be subject to restriction, grounds, criteria, conditions, as well as limits of restriction. The article uses methods of system analysis, synthesis and generalization. Results: the author concludes that the system of restricting the rights of participants in pre-trial proceedings in criminal cases includes: objectives, grounds, conditions, criteria and limits of restriction; the powers of officials provided for by the criminal procedure law to restrict the rights of participants in proceedings; procedural rights of participants in criminal proceedings, the exercise of which is aimed at ensuring that coercive measures are not applied to them; procedure and terms for restricting the rights of participants in pre-trial proceedings, which vary depending on which right is subject to restriction; control over the restriction on the rights of participants in pre-trial proceedings (procedural control, prosecutorial supervision, judicial control). The specific purpose of restricting rights in pre-trial proceedings is to ensure the proper conduct of criminal proceedings.  The limits of restriction on the rights of participants in pre-trial proceedings are determined by the specific purpose of legal restriction, the nature and specificity of the investigative or procedural action, in the exercise of which the rights are restricted by the discretion of the official, who decides on the specific restriction, which is formed on the assessment of the actual situation, the characteristics of the person whose rights are subject to restriction. Any restrictions on rights are exercised only on the basis of a procedural decision by an official (inquirer, investigator, court) in accordance with the law and if there are grounds for it. The most significant restrictions on the rights of participants in criminal proceedings are permitted only by a judicial decision.
ВЛИЯНИЕ КОРРУПЦИИ НА ГОСУДАРСТВЕННУЮ ЭКОНОМИКУ
Authors: Чеховских Ирина , Оль Екатерина
Published: August 2022

Физические и юридические лица могут претендовать на покровительственное отношение официальных лиц в части повышения некоторых прибылей и сокращения ряда обязательных платежей, и в таком случае они будут вынуждены оплачивать подобную «сделку». Плата за покровительство будет считаться коррупционной, если она повлечет за собой нелегальное получение дополнительных прибылей или поможет избежать уплаты обязательных платежей, в том числе налоговых. Коррупционное поведение посягает на основы государственной власти, нарушает нормальную управленческую деятельность государственных и муниципальных органов и учреждений, препятствует их эффективной работе. Коррупция является доказательным признаком того, что процесс государственного управления нарушен и дает сбои, а представители государственной службы, призванные регулировать взаимоотношения граждан и государства, используют свое служебное положение для получения персональных выгод и коррупционной прибыли. Механизмы рыночной экономики, обычно повышающие экономическую эффективность и экономический рост, в случае взяточничества подрывают легитимность и эффективность власти.
СОЦИАЛИСТИЧЕСКОЕ ПРАВО: ДОКТРИНА И ОСОБЕННОСТИ СТАНОВЛЕНИЯ
Authors: Галиев Фарит Хатипович , Султанов Ахсан Харисович
Published: August 2022

После Октябрьской революции в России во властных структурах преобладало классовое понимание и толкование вопросов практической деятельности новых судебных органов. Получила статус официальной концепция революционного правосознания, ставшая основой как для теоретических юридических исследований, так и для процесса организации новых судебных органов. Однако, по мнению многих ученых, для страны, большинство населения которой составляло крестьянство, наличие революционного правосознания лишь у пролетариата вряд ли могло считаться обнадеживающим фактором с точки зрения перспектив строительства социализма. Следует подчеркнуть, что руководство партии большевиков весьма сдержанно относилось к идее привлечения старых, дореволюционных специалистов к создаваемой на новых основах системе судопроизводства.
РОССИЯ МЕЖДУ ПРОШЛЫМ И БУДУЩИМ: ОПЫТ ПРОБЛЕМНО-ТЕОРЕТИЧЕСКОГО АНАЛИЗА ФРАГМЕНТОВ ПЕРЕХОДНОГО СОСТОЯНИЯ ЮРИДИЧЕСКОГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ И НАУКИ
Authors: Тимонин Анатолий Николаевич
Published: August 2022

Актуальной задачей отечественной юриспруденции на современном этапе ее развития является необходимость всестороннего изучения переходного состояния юридического образования и науки нашей страны. В статье рассмотрен современный контекст, в котором эволюционирует российская юриспруденция и учебный процесс в юридических вузах, выявлены некоторые проблемы и возможные пути их решения. Так, от избыточной бюрократизации учебного процесса десятилетиями страдает вся высшая школа России. От засилья эталонного подхода, произвольных абстрактных моделей, никак не связанных с российской цивилизационной спецификой, до сих пор не удалось избавиться отечественным теоретикам права. Выход из столь непростой ситуации, в которой оказались ученые-юристы и преподаватели вышей школы, видится в активизации междисциплинарного сотрудничества с отечественной политологией, представленной в настоящей статье творчеством А.С. Панарина, и дебюрократизации учебного процесса.
РОЛЬ МЕСТНОГО СООБЩЕСТВА В ОРГАНИЗАЦИИ И ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ МЕСТНОГО САМОУПРАВЛЕНИЯ
Authors: Босова Елена Николаевна
Published: August 2022

В статье рассматривается понятие «местное сообщество», его взаимосвязь с понятием «население муниципального образования». Местное сообщество представляет собой объединение людей, влияющих на деятельность местного самоуправления, выражающих заинтересованность в эффективном местном самоуправлении, рациональном решении вопросов местного значения, развитии территории. Определяется роль местного сообщества в организации и деятельности местного самоуправления в различных сферах местной жизни. Изучается ряд проблем, негативно влияющих на развитие местного сообщества.
PELATIHAN MICROSOFT OFFICE SPECIALIST (MOS) POWER POINT DALAM UPAYA PENINGKATAN KOMPETENSI GURU SMK PADA ERA DISRUPSI INDUSTRI 4.0
Authors: Pramudita Resa , Pawinanto Roer Eka , Rizqulloh Muhammad Adli , Hakiem Nurul Fahmi Arief , Al Qibtiya Mariya , Al Azhima Silmi Ath Thahirah
Published: August 2022

Era disrupsi Industri membawa banyak pengaruh dalam kehidupan manusia, hal ini juga yang mempengaruhi dunia pendidikan, Salah satu cara meningkatkan kompetensi guru di era revolusi industry 4.0 ini adalah membekali guru dengan kemampuan skala global yaitu Microsoft Office Specialist atau MOS. Dari permasalahan tersebut kami berinisiatif untuk mengadakan Kegiatan pelatihan Microsoft Office Specialist (MOS) Power Point bagi guru SMK/SMA di kota Bandung. Pelatihan ini mengadaptasi model pelatihan Goad, yaitu Model ini terdiri atas beberapa siklus diantaranya adalah: (1) analisis kebutuhan pelatihan; (2)desain pendekatan pelatihan; (3) pengembangan materi pelatihan; (4) pelaksanaan pelatihan; (5) evaluasi dan pemutakhiran pelatihan.
Wetland cohesion is associated with increased probability of infection by the amphibian chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis
Authors: Hulting KA , Mason SD , Story CM , Keller GS
Published: August 2022

The amphibian chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) poses a substantial threat to amphibian populations. Understanding the landscape conditions that facilitate Bd transmission and persistence is crucial for predicting Bd trends in amphibian populations. Here, we investigated the interactions between land use, wetland connectivity, and Bd occurrence and infection intensity. In northeastern Massachusetts, we sampled Pseudacris crucifer, Lithobates sylvaticus, L. clamitans, and L. pipiens from 24 sites. We found an overall 30.6% Bd prevalence at our sites, with prevalence differing among species. Bd occurrence increased with wetland-patch cohesion, potentially due to microclimate shifts from decreased forest or changes in host movement. Bd infection intensity was not mediated by landscape context. Overall, our results highlight the importance of landscape structure for Bd dynamics, suggesting that certain landscapes may facilitate transmission and harbor Bd more than others. To mitigate the impacts of Bd on amphibian populations, conservation efforts should account for interactions between Bd and landscape variables.
Baltic Sea transparency from ships and satellites: centennial trends
Authors: Kahru M , Bittig H , Elmgren R , Fleming V , Lee Z , Rehder G
Published: August 2022

Water transparency can be measured with optical instruments and estimated with satellite sensors, but such measurements have been widely available for only a few decades. Estimates of water transparency using a white disk called a Secchi disk have been made for over a century and can be used to estimate long-term trends. However, historic in situ measurements of the Secchi depth (ZSd) were irregular in space and time and are difficult to interpret in regular time series due to biases introduced by changing locations and the timing of measurements. Satellite data time series, on the other hand, have consistent resolution in both space and time but cover too short a time to resolve climate-scale trends. We normalized historic ZSd measurements in the Baltic Sea with a satellite-derived mean climatology at 5 d temporal and 4 km spatial resolutions and created a merged time series of ZSd for the last century. The mean ZSd in the Baltic Sea from 1927-2020 decreased by 4.2 ± 0.6 m at a rate of 0.045 ± 0.06 m yr-1. Most of the change happened before 1987, and a further decrease was evident primarily in the satellite data during the 1998-2008 period. After 2008, no significant trend in ZSd and or the coefficient of diffuse light attenuation was detected in the Baltic Sea. However, in some sub-basins of the Baltic Sea, the decrease in ZSd continued even after that. The decrease in spectral water transparency in recent decades was highest in the 412 nm band, indicating an increase in the concentration of chromophoric dissolved organic matter.