bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Autonomy in the Medical Profession and the Practice in Ensuring Respect for Their Professional Autonomy*
Authors: KIM Do-Kyong , KWON Ivo
Published: May 2019

Physician autonomy and medical professionalism have been changing ever since the patient-physician medical relationship was changed to patient-physician-third-party payer medical relationships. Until now, physician autonomy has meant that physicians should have complete freedom to provide the best treatments for their patients, without external constraints, but ever since medical insurance was introduced, medical decisions have been controlled by the third-party payers, and many conflicts have emerged in the patient-physician-third-party payer medical relationships. The concept of physician autonomy thus has to be changed. That is, the society should respect the rational and deliberated decisions of the physicians to resolve the conflicts between their patients and the third-party payers beyond the obligation of beneficence towards the patients. To mediate between their patients and the third-party payers, the physicians should carry out two roles - as healer and as manager - and should adjust the different applicable principles, such as patient autonomy, beneficence, and justice. The physicians have to be well acquainted with such principles and should make the appropriate decisions so as to gain social trust. To help resolve the conflicts between the patients and the third-party payers, the physicians should effectively carry out their roles as healer and manager by considering evidence-based practice, the treatment goal, and cost-effectiveness in their clinical practice. These criteria can help the physicians make reasonable and well-deliberated decisions in relation to their just provision of medical care for their individual patients.
An Integrative Review of Clinical Ethics Support Services for Clinical Nurses*
Authors: KIM Sanghee , KIM Doo Ree , SEO Min Jeong , LEE Senah
Published: May 2019

The purpose of this study was to review existing literature regarding clinical ethics support services for clinical nurses. An integrative review method with five steps was applied. In the step of problem identification, three issues were identified, including the characteristics of previously published research, research subjects and interventions, and major concepts regarding clinical ethics support services for clinicalnurses. Relevant reports were searched from databases including PubMed, Cochrane library, and JoannaBriggs Institute with key words regarding clinical ethics. Finally, 50 articles published between 2002 and 2012 were selected. It was found that most of the existing research was empirical with descriptive study designs. Over 60% of this research focused on nurses as research subjects. Only two interventional studies were retrieved. Major concepts related to clinical ethics support services were ethical dilemmas, ethical issues, and ethical decision-making. On the basis of these results, this study recommends that more interventional research is needed in support of ethics training for clinical nurses.
Reproductive Right of HIV Infected Person and Assisted Reproduction*
Authors: BAE Hyuna
Published: May 2019

Development of highly active antiretroviral therapy led to a spectacular increase in life expectancy and quality of life for HIV infected men and women. HIV now considered to be a chronic disease and as a consequence quality of life is an important aspect for men and women with HIV. Many of them express the desire to father or mother a child. Assisted reproduction technique such as intrauterine insemination, in vitro fertilization, intracytoplasmic sperm injection in combination with semen washing and elective caesarean section have been used to decrease the risk of HIV transmission. Cumulative evidence suggests that assisted reproduction technology (ART) is safe and effective for avoiding horizontal and vertical transmission of HIV. No maternal or neonatal HIV infections or death occurred. With providing the biotechnology such as ART, contextualized counseling and a respect for patients' decision regarding infertility or subfertility treatment should be adopted as public health policy and bioethical policy. It is neither ethically nor legally justifiable to categorically exclude individuals from infertility service on the basis of HIV infection. For complete this purpose, in Korean Prevention of AIDS Act has some limitation in applying the scientific changes and ethical basis for reproductive right of HIV infected men and women. It is needed the reconsidering medical evidence and reframing the Act for reproductive right and quality of life of HIV infected couples.
Changes in Clinical Atmosphere after the Introduction of Private Insurance: A Survey of Private Practitioners’ Experiences
Authors: YI Sung-Won , SHIN Gun-Hee , CHOI Eun-Young , PARK Eal-Whan , SONG Hu-Bin , CHEONG Yoo-Seock
Published: May 2019

After the introduction of private insurance, there have been significant changes in clinical practice patterns. In October 2014, 87 private practitioners from the Chungcheong province participated in our survey (18 on-line, 69 off-line). The survey focused on the positive and/or negative effects of private insurance on clinical environment. The results of our survey show that almost half (47.1%) of private practitioners replied that although private insurance doesn't seem to benefit patients’ health, the majority (90.9%) feel private insurance puts added pressure to their practice. The 79.2% replied that the effect of private insurance on the doctor-patient relationship is negative compared with only 4.6% saying it had a positive effect. The 58.6% replied that private insurance had little or no impact on hospital management and 72.4% replied that private insurance negatively affected objective and conscientious decision making. Overall, 50.6% of our participants replied that the private insurance system was flawed with negative side effects, while 49.4% replied that despite its flaws the private insurance system was bearable. No participants felt the private insurance system was positive and benefited the national insurance system. The 48.2% of participants voiced the need for a governing network between health services, private insurance companies, patients and the government.
Ethical Considerations on the Financial Incentive Systems at Hospitals in Korea
Authors: CHEONG Yoo-Seock , PARK Seok-Gun
Published: May 2019

Many hospitals in Korea offer financial incentives to doctors based on the income they generate for the employers. These incentives encourage over-treatment and threaten professionalism by eroding the trust between physicians and patients. This article presents four cases that illustrate how these incentives can have adverse effects on institutional culture and pervert the delivery of medical services. This article also proposes the following guiding principles for an improved system of incentives: it should be designed with mandatory safe-guards to avoid harmful effects on patients; the overall purpose of the incentive system should be to improve the quality of medical care rather than to increase the income of hospitals; and the amount of money individual doctors can receive through financial incentives should remain modest so as to preserve institutional integrity. This article aims to promote more widespread discussions concerning the problems related to the incentive systems used by hospitals in Korea.
Clarifying Appeals to Dignity at the End of Life: An Analysis of the Arguments for Euthanasia and Physician-Assisted Suicide*
Authors: JEONG Yeonjae
Published: May 2019

The concept of dignity receives much attention in biomedical ethics, especially with respect to care at the end of life. Paradoxically, the concept is used in moral arguments both for and against euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide. This article aims to shed light on the contemporary concept of dignity. More specifically, this article attempts to define the concept and show its relevance to arguments for the legitimacy of euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide. Additionally this article offers guidelines for the appropriate role of dignity considerations in debates concerning end-of-life care.
Suggestions for Improving the KRPIA Code of Conduct and Comparison with the Code of the IFPMA Member Associations*
Authors: AN Hyo-Jun
Published: May 2019

This article reviews the background, history, character, and operation of the second edition of the Korean Research-based Pharma Industry Association (KRPIA) Code of Conduct. It then compares this code of conduct with those of 36 member associations of the International Federation of Pharmaceutical Manufacturers and Associations (IFPMA) and makes suggestions for improving the KRPIA Code of Conduct. The codes of conduct of the IFPMA member associations include items on interactions with patient organizations, sponsorship of continuing medical education, and fees for services such as consultations, speaking arrangements, and advisory board positions. However, these items are not included in the KRPIA code. It is argued that these gaps in the KRPIA Code of Conduct must be filled in order to improve the code.
The Attitude of Doctors towards End-of-Life Care Decision-Makings in Korea: Focused on Palliative Sedation*,**
Authors: OH Seung-Min , PARK Mi-Huyn , KIM Yeong-Hoon , KIM Pyung-Man
Published: May 2019

Palliative sedation (PS) is used to deal with refractory symptoms in terminally ill patients when all other palliative approaches have failed. While it is not performed with the intention of hastening death, it remains one of the most contentious medical practices in the context of palliative medicine. This study aims to investigate the perception of doctors towards PS and other types of end-of-life care, and to provide insight for developing medical guidelines for PS. A survey involving a written questionnaire was conducted on doctors in five hospitals in South Korea. The questionnaire contained five statements concerning medical decisions about types of end-of-life care, including PS. Doctors were asked whether they agreed or disagreed with each statement. A total of 84 questionnaires were analyzed, with a response rate of 93.2%. The percentages of agreement with the given statements on PS, voluntary active euthanasia (VAE), physician assisted suicide (PAS), withholding life-sustaining treatment, and withdrawing life-sustaining treatment are 47.6%, 8.3%, 4.7%, 73.8% and 20.2%. The majority of the doctors surveyed in this study do not support PS for terminally ill patients in severe pain. The results of this study suggest that appropriate medical guidelines and post graduate medical ethics education on the end-of-life decisions should be provided for doctors in Korea.
Issues and Tasks in The Hospice, Palliative Care, and Life-sustaining Treatment Decision-making Act*
Authors: CHOI Kyungsuk
Published: May 2019

This article examines some of the legal issues and future tasks related to The Hospice, Palliative Care, and Life-sustaining Treatment Decision-making Act. It is argued that the following issues should be resolved before the Act is enforced: the medical criteria involved in the definition of “dying patient,” the relationship between hospice and life-sustaining treatment, the writing of physician orders of life-sustaining treatment (POLST), the establishment and activation of hospice ethics committees, the facility and personnel requirements of Advance Directive Registry units, the legal effects of advance directive (AD), and the confirmation of AD and POLST. Additionally, the article identifies other issues that are in need of public debate and discussion: the use of feeding tubes, the double criteria problem of surrogate decisionmaking, the review of POLST made by proxy decision-makers, the Korean culture of family-oriented surrogate decision-making, the necessity of understanding the standards for surrogate decision-making, and ethics consultation.
The Perspectives of Medical Ethics with Chemical Castration
Authors: CHOI Bum-Sung , LIM Myung Ho
Published: May 2019

Although the topic of sexual offense has received increased public attention in recent years, there has been relatively little research on the ethical issues related to the medical treatment of sexual offenders. Treatment options for sexual offenders include surgical castration and chemical castration through the use of sexual impulse control drugs. Opinions vary on the most effective and appropriate methods for treating sexual offenders. In this article we examine the side-effects of the drugs used in chemical castration and discuss the main ethical issues involved in chemical castration.
‘Neo-liberal Individualism’ and the Principle of Autonomy
Authors: KIM Moon-Jeong
Published: May 2019

While the principle of autonomy is widely regarded as a fundamental principle of biomedical ethics, it is not completely clear how that principle should be understood. The purpose of this article is to identify a reasonable concept of autonomy within the context of contemporary neo-liberalist individualism. Neoliberalism developed out of the liberal tradition that emphasizes individual rights and freedoms. However, the concept of autonomy at the root of this rights-based view has been transformed through the quantitative expansion of, and qualitative changes to, individualism. In this article I discuss and reconsider the meaning of autonomy in terms of “an individual” as reflected in the spirit of neo-liberal individualism. I argue that while competition and accumulation are thought to be virtues of contemporary life, liberty should be understood, not in terms of liberty from interference, but rather in terms of liberty from the severe inequalities caused by the dominant social relations. This notion of liberty as non-domination is central to a more robust and meaningful principle of autonomy.
What Factors Promote Overtreatment in Korea?: Causative Considerations and Solutions to Overtreatment
Authors: CHEONG Yoo-Seock , PARK Seok-Gun
Published: May 2019

Overtreatment (or unnecessary treatment) occurs when medical services are provided with a higher volume or cost than is appropriate. Of course, practicing good medicine and avoiding unnecessary harm have always been principles of medical practice. Currently there is a new emphasis on reducing practices that are likely to have limited benefit or that involve potential harm. Waste due to overtreatment has been described as a violation of the principle of justice on the assumption that every system has limited resources and any wasted resource necessarily means those resources will no longer be available for use by others in need. Overtreatment may also cause direct harm to patients, thus violating the principle of non-maleficence. Physicians are rarely motivated by the desire to achieve system efficiency or to save money for its own sake. However, it is widely understood that physicians should be motivated by a desire to do the right thing in terms of promoting the patient’s best interest. And doing the right thing includes an ethical imperative to provide parsimonious care. Recognizing this fact helps to bridge the enormous quality chasm that still exists between the medical care that is currently provided and the medical care that should be provided. The purpose of this study is to identify and assess the factors that cause overtreatment (unnecessary treatment) in the Korean medical system and to suggest certain solutions to this problem.
Novice Doctors’ Experience in Pronouncing Death
Authors: CHANG Eunsuk , YOO Sang-Ho
Published: May 2019

Doctors routinely deal with death, but their experience and impressions toward death are not well known. Examination into how doctors perceive death has been limited mainly due to complications in research methods. The purpose of this study is to assess doctors’ experience regarding death qualitatively by examining their first death pronouncement and to deduce their perceptions and awareness toward death related issues. Eleven first-year and second-year residents from a university hospital in Korea participated in in-depth interviews. Their comments were recorded, documented, and analyzed using grounded theory. Three major categories were identified: participants’ impressions when pronouncing death, participants’ views of their role in pronouncing death, and participants’ views on the need for education/training in pronouncing death. The first category was further divided into personal and professional impressions. The second category illustrated a doctor’s role in pronouncing death (i.e., defining death and a doctor’s role during bereavement). All participants expressed the need to be taught how to pronounce death and asked for further training in communicating with family members of the deceased. Participants shared negative feelings regarding their experiences in pronouncing death due to a lack of education in dealing with the death of a patient. It is essential for novice doctors to clearly understand their roles in pronouncing the death of a patient, a goal that may be achieved through education programs.
The Implications of de and jen: Medical Decision-Making from the Perspective of The Analects*
Authors: SON Bo Mee
Published: May 2019

In Korea, it is common for a patient’s family members to attempt to intervene in the patient’s medical decision-making. While some see this as a violation of patient autonomy, it can be useful in some cases for family members to attempt to help the patient make decisions. In order to create and implement effective policies concerning medical decision-making in the Korean context, a Confucian ethical perspective must be considered. Accordingly, this article examines the concepts of jen (humaneness) and de (virtue) that are found in The Analects and shows how those concepts affect the understanding and practice of medical decision-making. It is also shown that, in the context of Confucian ethics, a person (人) is an autonomous but also relational being
The Decision-Making Process Regarding Life-Sustaining Treatment in Four Countries: Taiwan, Japan, the US, and the UK*
Authors: CHOI Eun Kyung , HONG Jinui , KIM Min Sun , KEAM Bhumsuk , KIM Miso , HEO Dae Seog , PARK Hye Yoon
Published: May 2019

The “Act on Life-Sustaining Treatment Determination” was passed in Korea in 2016 and will take effect after the enactment of certain ordinances and rules. In this study, we analyzed the decision-making process regarding the withholding and withdrawal of life-sustaining treatment in four countries: Taiwan, Japan, the US, and the UK. Each country introduced advance directives either through legal forms (Taiwan, the US), limited legal forms (the UK), or arbitrary forms (Japan). Japan takes a guideline-centered approach, whereas Taiwan takes law-centered approach. And while a patient’s will about life-sustaining treatment (LST) is respected as part of a patient’s self-determination in the US, physicians can refuse treatment if its benefits are extremely uncertain. On the other hand, in the UK, if a patient has lost decision-making capacity, physicians can make decision regarding the patient’s best interests. In this article, it is argued that minimal standards should be established in Korea to prevent possible abuse as well as to respect patients’ right to self-determination; however, it is desirable to support good decision-making processes between physicians and patients (and their family members) rather than to over-regulate current practice.
Problems and Alternatives of the Decision-Making for Organ Donation in Korea*
Authors: SONG Yoon Jin
Published: May 2019

This article examines the issue of decision-making for organ donation, a necessary precondition of organ transplantation, from the perspective of the donor. As the organ donation rate in Korea is significantly lower than that of other countries, the causes for this phenomenon are reviewed. The decision-making in relation to organ donation and transplantation in Korea seems to be a closed family-centered decision type. The organ transplant system also consolidates this conventional family-centered decision-making model, contrary to the basic principles and intentions of the original organ transplantation law, which respects donor’s voluntary intentions. The organ transplant system in Korea should respect the donor’s will and ensure that the voluntary and noble sacrifices that donors make extend beyond the fence of the family to the society as a whole. This article argues that rather than strictly regulating the donor’s decision-making process, a cooperative decision-making system should be established, one that provides substantial support to the donor. Such a strategy should help to raise the voluntary donation rate by increasing levels of public trust in a healthy medical culture.
Developing Policy for Life Sustaining Treatment Decision for Patient without Surrogat*
Authors: KIM Bobae , KIM Myunghee
Published: May 2019

The National Bioethics Committee of Korea recommended that hospital ethics committees should be allowed to make life-sustaining treatment decisions on behalf of patients without surrogate (family or friends). However, no such provision is included in the Act on Hospice and Palliative Care and Decisions on Life-sustaining Treatment for patients at the End of Life (hereafter the “Act on Decisions in Life-sustaining Treatment”). While the Health and Welfare Committee of the Korean National Assembly did attempt to include such a provision in the form of an amendment to the aforementioned act, the Legislation and Judiciary Committee rejected it on the grounds that it did not specify the precise legal requirements of the hospital ethics committees. In other countries, including Taiwan, Japan, the U.S., and the U.K., there are laws or guidelines governing the medical decision-making process for patients without surrogate. In this article, we review the background of this issue, the current practices in other countries, and the relevant legislative process. We suggest that a system should be established in Korea for making life-sustaining treatment-decisions for patients without surrogate.
The Ethical Use of Biomedical Big Data: Shifting from a Consent Model to an Agreement Model*,**
Authors: MOK Kwangsu
Published: May 2019

The purpose of this paper is to examine how biomedical big data might be used in an ethically appropriate way. Biomedical big data is currently expected to create tremendous economic value as well as social value. For this reason there is an active debate among biomedical ethicists about which model of consent is most appropriate and efficient in this context. At first glance, the model of dynamic consent seems to be both justifiable and feasible, not only because it is based on the spirit of informed consent, but also because it allows for an additional process of consent through on-line platforms. However, it is doubtful that this model could be used in the context of biomedical big data since it is vulnerable to privacy protection and insensitive to ownership issues. Therefore, I argue that the most appropriate model of consent is an agreement model, which can reflect a fair distribution of the benefits from the use of biomedical big data and the privacy risk management. This agreement model not only promotes the autonomy of information givers, but also facilitates the long-term sustainable use of biomedical big data.
Evaluating Repulsion towards Cephalosomatic Anastomosis
Authors: CHOI Sinu
Published: May 2019

Cephalosomatic anastomosis, first proposed by Dr. Sergio Canavero, is a procedure to attach the body of a brain-dead person to the head of another person without damaging the brain. Many people find this procedure morally repulsive regardless of whether it is successful or useful. The purpose of this article is to examine both the reasons for cephalosomatic anastomosis and also the common experience of repulsion towards it. Opponents of cephalosomatic anastomosis seem to believe that the procedure results in the loss of either personal identity or bodily integrity, and the repulsion they feel is the emotional reaction to such a dilemma. Therefore, I argue that repulsion toward cephalosomatic anastomosis should be regarded as originating from the difference between the self-view and the viewpoint of life.
Aprendizaje colaborativo y tecnologías de la información y la comunicación
Authors: Calzadilla María Eugenia
Published: May 2019

El hombre es gregario por naturaleza, obviamente esta condición incide en la producción y la transformación de conocimientos, a partir de situaciones de aprendizaje formal o no; las posibilidades de crecimiento y desarrollo en cada individuo estarán determinadas por el tipo de interacciones de que se provea. De allí la importancia de que los sistemas educativos integren la cooperación a sus prácticas, trascendiendo el individualismo y la competitividad, pues ello tendrá un doble impacto, por una parte favorecerá el aprendizaje y por otra servirá de modelaje para estimular el respeto, la solidaridad y la capacidad de negociación necesarios para la buena convivencia. Las nuevas tecnologías de información y comunicación estimulan la interactividad, la innovación y el desarrollo asociativo de procesos cognitivos, a partir de la cooperación. El papel del docente es diseñar un entorno de aprendizaje que sea funcional al objetivo educativo y facilitar la interacción del individuo con ese entorno. Si entendemos que el individuo del siglo XXI necesita más que información, aprender a aprender, estando inmerso en un contexto que le sea significativo, se hace evidente el beneficio que reportan las NTIC´s a este tipo de aprendizaje, al propiciar el acceso a información globalizada, a través de los buscadores de la WWW, compañeros y docentes ubicados a grandes distancias, mediante el correo electrónico, los chat rooms y los foros y listas de discusión, así como la simulación de situaciones, a través de los softwares educativos.
Creencias sobre la naturaleza de la ciencia. Un estudio con titulados universitarios en formación inicial para ser profesores de Educación Secundaria
Authors: Acevedo Díaz José Antonio , Acevedo Romero Pilar
Published: May 2019

En este estudio se describen e interpretan las principales creencias sobre la naturaleza de la ciencia y el desarrollo del conocimiento científico de un grupo de futuros profesores de enseñanza secundaria, que iniciaban su formación en el módulo de didáctica de las ciencias del CAP. Se analizan sus repuestas al cuestionario COCS y a entrevistas semi- estructuradas que fueron grabadas en cintas de audio. Los resultados obtenidos muestran puntos de vista diversos, aunque predominan determinados rasgos como el realismo ontológico, el empirismo y el inductivismo epistemológicos, y el especial status del método científico. También se discuten y matizan sus opiniones sobre la influencia del contexto político, cultural y social, y acerca del cambio del conocimiento científico. Por último, se hacen algunas consideraciones metodológicas defendiéndose la utilización conjunta de técnicas cualitativas y cuantitativas, y se señalan implicaciones del tema en la formación del profesorado de ciencias y para la enseñanza de las ciencias.
Hacia una cultura neurodidáctica de la evaluación. La percepción del alumnado universitario
Authors: Calatayud Salom María Amparo
Published: May 2019

Hoy por hoy, los avances de las neurociencias están aportando un cambio de paradigma en la educación y, por supuesto también, en la evaluación. Están surgiendo evidencias de que una nueva evaluación es necesaria y posible. El presente artículo propone la necesidad de potenciar una cultura evaluativa asentada en los principios neurodidácticos. Esta nueva forma de evaluar conlleva emplear diversas técnicas de evaluación participativas tanto para el alumnado como para el docente. Técnicas que ayuden a los estudiantes a conocer lo que saben y hasta donde pueden llegar potenciando sus capacidades y aprovechando al máximo sus posibilidades.En esta investigación se presentan no sólo los supuestos teóricos y las implicaciones metodológicas para hacer realidad practicas neuroevaluativas sino también se presentan los resultados cualitativos obtenidos por una muestra de 240 estudiantes universitarios acerca de cómo han sido evaluados. Desde la mirada de los estudiantes podemos constatar que la evaluación vivida dista mucho de los supuestos impregnados por la neurociencia. Constatar esta realidad es necesario para darse cuenta de que ésta ha de cambiar si queremos realizar prácticas evaluativas de excelencia que estimulen la generación de neurotransmisores que garanticen adecuadas sinapsis en el cerebro de los estudiantes. Los docentes tenemos el reto de ser modificadores cerebrales y la practica evaluativa determina, sin duda, la estructura, la química y la actividad eléctrica del cerebro. Por tanto, impregnar el proceso evaluativo de fundamentos neuroeducativos supone una exigencia y una necesidad hoy en la profesión docente.
Presentación. Neurodidáctica en el aula: transformando la educación
Authors: Lázaro Navacerrada Chema , Mateos Sánchez Susana
Published: May 2019

Los últimos avances en las Neurociencias, así como en los métodos de exploración cerebral, nos han permitido conocer con mayor profundidad cómo aprende el cerebro, para así desarrollar el máximo potencial. De este modo, podremos mejorar los procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje de nuestros alumnos en el aula. Es por esto, que este número de la RIE aborda de alguna manera una nueva forma de enseñar y aprender, a través de la Neurodidáctica.
ANALISIS FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI PENERIMAAN PENGGUNA TERHADAP APLIKASI PERPUSTAKAAN DIGITAL: STUDI KASUS SEKOLAH TINGGI ILMU EKONOMI INDONESIA BANKING SCHOOL
Authors: Wardani Deni
Published: May 2019

Implementation of information technology in an organization will certainly give a reaction to its users, it can be acceptance or rejection of these technology. Applications Digital Library is a facility that provides a collection of information in digital format. Indonesia Banking School implemented the Digital Library applications in early 2012. Based on user's activity data on January-June 2012, there is indication of the low acceptance of the user (use acceptance) to the digital library applications. Those makes the researchers wanted to know what are the factors that inffluence users to use digital library application.The research design was the modification model of the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) and combined with the model Academic Discipline based Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (ADUTAUT). Methods of data collection using questionnaires, while the data processing and decision making used Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) using Lisrel.The result factors that affects users using digital library application are preceived of usefulness, preceived of ease of use, and preceived of faciltating condition.Keywords: Digital Application Library, UTAUT, ADUTAUT, Structural Equation Modelling.
The Role of Work Motivation and Job Satisfaction in Creating Employee Performance (Study on Permanent Lecturers of STIE Indonesia Banking School)
Authors: Rimadias Santi , Ferli Ossi , Hertingkir Fajar
Published: May 2019

This research aims to determine the role of work motivation (intrinsic and extrinsic factors) and job satisfaction as an employee performance maker on STIE Indonesia Banking School permanent lecturers. The population in this study were all STIE Indonesia Banking School permanent lecturers in 2015. We conducted a survey and the respondents was taken from STIE Indonesia Banking School permanent lecturers for 31 respondents. We used questionnaire method to collect information from the respondents. Data were analyzed using Partial Least Square (PLS) with Smart PLS 3.0 software. The results showed that intrinsic factors and extrinsic factors has a positive effect on job satisfaction, furthermore intrinsic factors has a positive effect on employee performance. Whereas extrinsic factors and job satisfaction has no effect on employee performance.
Women and HIV: Gender Inequalities of Women Contributing to HIV Pandemic around the Globe
Authors: Kennedy Bernice , Jenkins Chalice ,   BRK Global Healthcare Consulting Firm, LLC
Published: May 2019

HIV/AIDS is a global health problem affecting women around the globe. The term global health refers to the goal of improving health and achieving equity in health for all people worldwide. HIV is a virus that destroys the immune system. AIDS is the last stage of the virus. During this stage, there is little to no immune system left to fight off other infections or cancers. This virus can be acquired by men, women, and children of any age. HIV is the leading cause of death among women of reproductive age. This paper is an analytical review of research and literature related to the contributing factors to the rise of HIV in women, treatment and policy development. The model: Global Model: Gender Inequalities of Women Contributing to HIV Pandemic around the Globe was used in conceptualizing gender inequality and power imbalances between men and women contributing to the incidence and prevalence of HIV of women around the globe. Global health problems such as HIV/AIDs are best addressed by collaborative efforts and solutions that involve more than one country. More research is needed collaboratively on for the treatment of women around the globe. Collaborative efforts are needed for empowerment, improving treatment and educating women on HIV/AIDS Policy development is needed in changing laws to promote gender equality for women around the globe.
Unexpected polymorphism during a catalyzed mechanochemical Knoevenagel condensation
Authors: Haferkamp Sebastian , Paul Andrea , Michalchuk Adam A L , Emmerling Franziska
Published: May 2019

The transformation of a base-catalyzed, mechano-assisted Knoevenagel condensation of mono-fluorinated benzaldehyde derivatives (p-, m-, o-benzaldehyde) with malonodinitrile was investigated in situ and in real time. Upon milling, the para-substituted product was found to crystallize initially into two different polymorphic forms, depending on the quantity of catalyst used. For low catalyst concentrations, a mechanically metastable phase (monoclinic) was initially formed, converting to the mechanically stable phase (triclinic) upon further grinding. Instead, higher catalyst concentrations crystallize directly as the triclinic product. Inclusion of catalyst in the final product, as evidenced by mass spectrometric analysis, suggests this complex polymorphic pathway may be due to seeding effects. Multivariate analysis for the in situ Raman spectra supports this complex formation pathway, and offers a new approach to monitoring multi-phase reactions during ball milling.
Reaction of Arylmethyl Isocyanides/Arylmethyl-amines with Xanthate Esters: A Facile and Unexpected Synthesis of Carbamothioates
Authors: Rajeev Narasimhamurthy , Swaroop Toreshettahally R , Anil Seegehalli M , Kiran Kupalli R , Chandru Chandru , Georghiou Paris E , Alrawashdeh Ahmad I , Rahman Shofiur , Alodhayb Abdullah , Rangappa Kanchugarakoppal S , Sadashiva Maralinganadoddi P
Published: May 2019

An unexpected formation of carbamothioates by the reaction of arylmethyl isocyanides with xanthate esters in the presence of sodium hydride is reported. The products thus obtained were compared with carbamothioates obtained by the condensation of the corresponding benzylamines with xanthate esters in the presence of sodium hydride in DMF. A mechanism which is substantiated by DFT calculations to account for the unexpected reactions is proposed.
The Composite Nature of Dust-obscured Galaxies (DOGs) at z ∼ 2–3 in the COSMOS Field. II. The AGN Fraction
Authors: Riguccini Laurie A. , Treister Ezequiel , Menéndez-Delmestre Karin , Cardamone Carolin , Civano Francesca , Gonçalves Thiago S. , Hasinger Guenther , Koekemoer Anton M. , Lanzuisi Giorgio , Floc’h Emeric Le , Lusso Elisabeta , Lutz Dieter , Marchesi Stefano , Miyaji Takamitsu , Pozzi Francesca , Ricci Claudio , Rodighiero Giulia , Salvato Mara , Sanders Dave , Schawinski Kevin , Suh Hyewon
Published: May 2019

We present the X-ray properties of 108 Dust-Obscured Galaxies (DOGs; F
24 μm/F

R
 > 1000) in the COSMOS field, all of which are detected in at least three far-infrared bands with the Herschel Observatory. Out of the entire sample, 22 are individually detected in the hard 2–8 keV X-ray band by the Chandra COSMOS Legacy survey, allowing us to classify them as AGN. Six (27%) of them are Compton-thick AGN candidates with column densities N
H > 1024 cm−2, while 15 are moderately obscured AGNs with 1022 < N
H < 1024 cm−2. Additionally, we estimate AGN contributions to the IR luminosity (8–1000 μm rest-frame) greater than 20% for 19 DOGs based on SED decomposition using Spitzer/MIPS 24 μm and the five Herschel bands (100–500 μm). Only 7 of these are detected in X-rays individually. We performed an X-ray stacking analysis for the 86 undetected DOGs. We find that the AGN fraction in DOGs increases with 24 μm flux and that it is higher than that of the general 24 μm population. However, no significant difference is found when considering only X-ray detections. This strongly motivates the combined use of X-ray and far-IR surveys to successfully probe a wider population of AGNs, particularly for the most obscured ones.
Formation and Dissociation of N3 in Icy N2 with Far-ultraviolet Light
Authors: Lo Jen-Iu , Chou Sheng-Lung , Peng Yu-Chain , Lu Hsiao-Chi , Cheng Bing-Ming
Published: May 2019

During photoexcitation of icy N2 at 121.6 nm from a synchrotron source, emission lines in the vibronic progression of the Vegard–Kaplan system, A

, for N2 were concurrently observed in the wavelength range 210–430 nm; emission lines of N (2P → 2D) and N (2D → 4S) were recorded in the wavelength range 460–1100 nm. After irradiation of icy N2 at 121.6 nm, the characteristic infrared absorption lines of N3 radical in vibrational mode ν
3 appeared at 1652.6 and 1657.8 cm−1. When the irradiated icy sample containing N3 radical was subsequently subjected to photolysis at 190 nm, only emission from N (2D → 4S) was concurrently recorded; the IR absorption lines of N3 vanished. The result indicates that N3 radical in icy N2 can be dissociated into the N (2D) atom and N2 (

) molecule with light at 190 nm. Our work thus has ramifications for nitrogen transformation in cold astrophysical environments.
Offset Power-law Dependence of the Sun’s Radial Electron Density Profile: Evidence and Implications
Authors: Harding J. C. , Cairns Iver H. , Lobzin V. V.
Published: May 2019

The radial electron density profile n

e
(r) of the Sun’s corona and solar wind contains information on the sources, heating, and acceleration of the coronal and solar wind plasma. Currently, several empirically derived density models are used to describe the corona, with varying degrees of success and little physical justification or predictive power. The offset power-law (OPL) profile

, with radial offset r
0 and power-law index α, models radial outflow from r
0 that conserves total electron number and may be accelerated and heated (affecting α), thus having physical significance and predictive power. We fit the OPL model to multiple sets of published radial density profiles obtained from spectroscopic, white light, and radio data from different regions on the Sun and during different periods of solar activity. The spectroscopic and white light data yield r
0 = (1.02 ± 0.06) R

S
, where the uncertainties are standard errors of the mean, and

, consistent with plasma originating near the chromosphere and acceleration similar to the nominal Parker solar wind model. Comparisons with time-lapse coronagraph and spectroscopic observations are favorable and show evidence for significant variations with position and time. These are expected given the corona’s well-known asymmetries, three-dimensional structures, and time variability. Radio burst data yield flatter profiles α < 2, suggesting that pre-flare activity alters the density profile by increasing the coronal density at large heights. We discuss the possible interpretations and implications for coronal physics and solar radio bursts.
An Hα Imaging Survey of the Low Surface Brightness Galaxies Selected from the Spring Sky Region of the 40% ALFALFA H i Survey
Authors: Lei Feng-Jie , Wu Hong , Zhu Yi-Nan , Du Wei , He Min , Jin Jun-Jie , Zhao Pin-Song , Zhang Bing-Qing
Published: May 2019

We present a narrow Hα-band imaging survey of 357 low surface brightness galaxies (LSBGs) that are selected from the spring sky region of the 40% Arecibo Legacy Fast Arecibo L-band Feed Array (ALFALFA) H i Survey. All the Hα images are obtained from the 2.16 m telescope, operated by the Xinglong Observatory of the National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences. We provide the Hα fluxes and derive the global star formation rates (SFRs) of LSBGs after the Galactic extinction, internal extinction, and [N ii] contamination correction. Compared to normal star-forming galaxies, LSBGs have a similar distribution in the H i surface density (ΣH i
), but their SFRs and star formation surface density (ΣSFR) are much lower. Our results show that the gas-rich LSBGs selected from the ALFALFA survey obviously deviate from the Kennicutt–Schmidt law, in the relation between the star formation surface density (ΣSFR) and the gas surface density (Σgas). However, they follow the extended Schmidt law well when taking the stellar mass of the galaxy into consideration.
Photometric Redshifts and Stellar Masses for Galaxies from the DESI Legacy Imaging Surveys
Authors: Zou Hu , Gao Jinghua , Zhou Xu , Kong Xu
Published: May 2019

We present a catalog of photometric redshifts and stellar masses for galaxies from imaging surveys serving the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument project. The imaging footprints cover an area of over 14,000 deg2. This catalog contains about 0.17 billion morphologically classified galaxies with r < 23 mag. It covers the redshift range of z < 1 and the mass range of

. A total of five photometric bands are used, including three optical filters (g, r, and z) and two infrared filters (Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer W1 and W2). We use k-nearest neighbors and local linear regression algorithms to estimate photometric redshifts. Based on a spectroscopic sample of about 2.2 million galaxies, we achieve a redshift bias of

 = 2.4 × 10−4, accuracy of

 = 0.017, and outlier rate of about 5.1%. The stellar mass and other physical parameters are derived by stellar population synthesis model fitting based on our photometric redshifts. The differences in

derived using spectroscopic and photometric redshifts present a 1σ dispersion of 0.09 dex.
Tropidodipsas sartorii (Cope, 1863) (Squamata: Dipsadidae): an addition to the snake fauna from Guerrero, Mexico
Authors: Blancas-Hernández Jean C. , Palacios-Aguilar Ricardo , Santos-Bibiano Rufino
Published: May 2019

We report for the first time on the presence of the snake Tropidodipsassartorii in the Mexican state of Guerrero. According to distribution and morphological evidence, the specimen reported herein is a representative of the subspecies T.s.macdougalli.
L’enfant un trait d’union intergénérationnel
Authors: Mugnier Jean-Paul
Published: May 2019

La naissance des petits-enfants met en lumière la nature des liens unissant les générations entre elles. Tuteurs de résilience potentiels lorsqu’une épreuve survient dans la vie de leurs enfants devenus parents, les grands-parents peuvent aussi perpétuer une souffrance lorsqu’ils instrumentalisent leurs petits-enfants pour s’exonérer de leur responsabilité dans l’apparition de cette souffrance chez leur propre enfant. Des exemples cliniques permettent de présenter différents scenarios décrivant la place et le rôle que peuvent prendre des grands-parents lorsque ceux-ci mettent la main sur l’épaule de leurs enfants en difficulté ou au contraire les dépossèdent, pour se réhabiliter eux-mêmes, de leur fonction parentale.
Un libertinage qui ne pense pas ? Théophile de Viau au XIX e siècle
Authors: Folliard Melaine
Published: May 2019

Si longtemps victime de son image libertine, Théophile de Viau fait l’objet d’une réhabilitation ambiguë au xix e  siècle. Les différentes lectures de son œuvre montrent que la notion de système empêche que puisse être restituée la cohérence de sa production. Paradoxalement, en cherchant à absoudre l’écrivain, on lui a refusé toute valeur de pensée : son œuvre est présentée comme un faux système reflétant une immoralité contingente, soumise aux aléas de l’histoire. Toutefois, cette incomplétude critique a permis d’esquisser un aspect essentiel de l’œuvre : un système poétique où la pensée agit sans recourir à quelque principe qui la transcende.
Les Dialogues de La Mothe Le Vayer au XIX e siècle ou les paradoxes d’une critique moralisatrice
Authors: Roche Bruno
Published: May 2019

Au siècle de la fabrique patrimoniale du classicisme, Le Vayer apparaît comme un compilateur de Pyrrhon et de Sextus Empiricus sans originalité de pensée. La plupart des critiques n’ont pas voulu voir la puissance dévastatrice de son argumentation antichrétienne. Celle‑ci relève à leurs yeux des inconséquences d’un philosophe « honnête homme » qui use du scepticisme comme d’une propédeutique de la foi. Mais alors que s’impose cette représentation anodine du discours philosophique de Le Vayer, émerge une autre vision, plus hétérodoxe, dans les considérations inquiètes des premiers historiographes du libertinage (Étienne, Kerviler) ou dans les intuitions de leurs successeurs immédiats (Denis, Perrens).
Contenir les « libertins ». L’usage académique de Saint-Évremond au XIX e siècle
Authors: Zékian Stéphane
Published: May 2019

L’étude du concours d’éloquence organisé par l’Académie française de 1864 à 1866 permet de cerner le statut de Saint-Évremond dans le paysage mémoriel du xix e  siècle. À toutes ses étapes (du choix du sujet jusqu’à la sélection des lauréats), le concours révèle la mission assignée à l’écrivain d’être le représentant acceptable d’un xvii e  siècle mal famé. Inclassable, Saint-Évremond cristallise de nombreux conflits d’interprétation mais se prête aussi à tous les compromis. Sa mise en valeur obéit à une double logique de révélation et de diversion : à travers lui l’Académie reconnaît un pan méprisé du xvii e  siècle, mais ce geste d’ouverture relève aussi d’une stratégie de contournement que l’article s’attache à mettre en lumière.
La pensée et l’événement
Authors: Ciglia Francesco Paolo
Published: May 2019

La contribution s’articule en trois sections. Dans la première on esquisse une reconstruction panoramique du profil global de la « pensée nouvelle » rosenzweigienne. Cette dernière s’avère être marquée par l’intrigue indénouable de deux éléments constitutifs, c’est‑à-dire, l’élément spéculatif et l’élément événementiel . Dans la deuxième section on montre comme Rosenzweig pense cette intrigue selon le chiffre emblématique de la compréhension biblique du miracle , qui articule ce dernier dans les deux moments synergiques de la prophétie et de l’ accomplissement . La « pensée nouvelle » se déploie en effet en une sorte de prophétie purement spéculative , qui trouve toutefois son accomplissement dans l’ événement d’une révélation , qui tranche décidément sur la spéculation, tout en y trouvant son incontournable ancrage rationnel. Dans la troisième section on montre que cet événement de révélation connaît sa figure primordiale, selon le penseur, dans la langue parlée quotidiennement par les hommes, comprise comme le cadeau matinal que le Créateur fait à ses créatures.
Des groupes de théologiennes protestantes à Genève (1978-1998) : entre espace de partage et laboratoire féministe
Authors: Savoy Lauriane
Published: May 2019

Entre 1978 et 1998, à Genève, des femmes théologiennes réformées, dont la majorité sont pasteures de l’Église nationale protestante, éprouvent le besoin de se réunir dans trois groupes successifs non mixtes pour partager leurs questionnements, leurs réflexions et leurs expériences, et pour obtenir davantage de pouvoir. Cet article propose d’analyser les démarches et les positionnements de ces trois groupes distincts en cherchant à déterminer dans quelle mesure ils peuvent être considérés comme féministes.