bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study of the kinetic regularities and mechanism of the cycloalkylation reaction of phenol with 1-methylcyclopentadiene
Authors:   Y.H.Mamedaliyev's Institute of Petrochemical Processes of the NAS of Azerbaijan, Gasimova F.I. , Rasulov Ch. K. ,   Y.H.Mamedaliyev's Institute of Petrochemical Processes of the NAS of Azerbaijan, Jafarov R. P. ,   Y.H.Mamedaliyev's Institute of Petrochemical Processes of the NAS of Azerbaijan, Aghamaliyev Z. Z. ,   Y.H.Mamedaliyev's Institute of Petrochemical Processes of the NAS of Azerbaijan
Published: February 2023

The article presents the results of the reaction of phenol with 1-methylcyclopentadiene in the presence of the KU-23 catalyst. Cycloalkylation of phenol have been carried out in a batch laboratory installation. After the reaction, the alkylate is separated from the catalyst and rectified. Firstly, during rectification at atmospheric pressure MCP and phenol that did not enter into the reaction were distilled off (up to 200° C), and then, under vacuum (666.5 Pa) the target reaction product was isolated and its purity and physicochemical parameters were determined. The kinetic regularities of the reaction were studied, and the probable mechanism of its occurrence was established. A kinetic model of the phenol cycloalkylation reaction, consisting of a system of differential equations, that describes the change in the concentration of the initial substances and reaction products over time has been developed. The kinetic constants of differential equations were estimated using a modified random search method with automatic step selection. For this purpose, the developed package of applied programs was used. The orders, activation energies, and rate constants of individual stages are determined. It is shown that the proposed model adequately describes the experimental data.
ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ПРОДУКТИВНОСТІ ЗАЛІЗНИЧНОГО ТРАНСПОРТУ УКРАЇНИ НА СУЧАСНОМУ ЕТАПІ РОЗВИТКУ
Authors: Піріашвілі Олександр
Published: February 2023

Стаття присвячена актуальним питанням щодо оцінки та аналізу продуктивності залізничного транспорту України в сучасних умовах. Досліджено світовий досвід організації функціонування залізничного транспорту в провідних країнах. Запропонована схема по формуванню ефективного розвитку залізничного транспорту країни за етапами. Сформульовано основні стратегічні завдання стосовно розвитку залізничного транспорту України. Дана оцінка обсягам інвестицій в залізничний транспорт країни та структурі інвестицій за джерелами фінансування, які були заплановані у 2022 році. Проаналізовано стан продуктивності залізничного транспорту України за період 2018-2020 роки. Сформовано основні пріоритетні напрями розвитку залізничного транспорту, які направлені на підвищення продуктивності зазначеного сектору виробничої інфраструктури. Окреслено комплекс організаційних та економічних заходів щодо підвищення продуктивності залізничного транспорту країни.
СУЧАСНІ ПРОБЛЕМИ ТА ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ РОЗВИТКУ ДЕРЖАВНОГО ФІНАНСОВОГО КОНТРОЛЮ В УКРАЇНІ
Authors: Погріщук Галина , Головай Надія
Published: February 2023

У статті досліджено роль та значення державного фінансового контролю у посиленні економічної безпеки держави. Встановлено, що в сучасних умовах господарювання, при загостренні економічної кризи, особливо актуально постає питання розбудови та функціонування дієвого інституту державного фінансового контролю як механізму ефективного відстеження основних напрямків надходження та використання державних ресурсів, своєчасного виявлення фактів порушень розпорядниками бюджетних коштів на різних рівнях управління. Систематизовано основні недоліки щодо особливостей функціонування державного фінансового контролю в Україні. Окреслено основні напрями реформування та підвищення ефективності діяльності контролюючих служб державного фінансового контролю, що виступатиме запорукою дієвого функціонування державних фінансів, а саме забезпечення економічної безпеки країни, позитивних досягнень у самодостатності регіонів та розвитку пріоритетних галузей вітчизняної економіки, підвищення захищеності фінансових інтересів громадян, суб’єктів господарювання та держави в цілому.
ЗЕЛЕНА ЕНЕРГЕТИКА ЯК ЧИННИК ЕНЕРГЕТИЧНОЇ НЕЗАЛЕЖНОСТІ УКРАЇНИ
Authors: Михайлова Людмила , Семенишина Ірина , Шпатакова Оксана
Published: February 2023

Стаття присвячена дослідженню питання розвитку зеленої енергетики як основного чинника енергетичної незалежності України. Актуальність дослідження зумовлена тим, що Україна є залежною від імпортних енергоносіїв, а ресурсів, які видобуваються на території нашої держави, недостатньо для повного задоволення попиту. Мета статті – розроблення практичних рекомендацій, спрямованих на забезпечення стабільного функціонування сектору зеленої енергетики в Україні. Для досягнення мети в ході дослідження було вирішено низку завдань: визначено поняття «зелена енергетика», основні види та переваги переходу в бік чистих та безпечних відновлюваних джерел, проаналізовано особливості переходу до зеленої енергетики зарубіжних країн та потенціал відновлюваних джерел енергії в Україні, виокремлено проблеми зеленої енергетики в нашій державі та запропоновано практичні рекомендації щодо їх вирішення. В процесі дослідження використані загальнонаукові методи пізнання: теоретичного аналізу, синтезу, опису, систематизації, порівняння та узагальнення. За результатами дослідження встановлено, що зелена енергетика заснована на використанні невичерпних або відновлюваних джерел енергії. Виробництво енергії з таких джерел завдає набагато меншої шкоди навколишньому середовищу, сприяє збереженню викопного палива, збільшенню тривалості життя населення, створенню нових робочих місць та енергетичній незалежності держави. Україна має значний потенціал для заміщення російських енергетичних ресурсів відновлювальною генерацією, однак в зв’язку з війною не може його реалізувати. На сьогоднішній день основними проблемами зеленої енергетики в Україні є: пошкодження, знищення та зупинка роботи об’єктів зеленої енергетики, фінансова криза, призупинення будівництва нових вітроелектростанцій, відсутність підтримки з боку держави, відсутність єдиного стратегічного документу, який визначає напрями розвитку зеленої енергетики в Україні. Вирішення зазначених проблем потребує здійснення наступних заходів: відбудова пошкоджених та знищених об’єктів відновлюваної енергетики, виплата заборгованості виробникам «зеленої» електроенергії, підтримка вітчизняного виробництва обладнання для об’єктів зеленої енергетики, підтримка з боку держави, затвердження єдиного стратегічного документу, в якому чітко визначатимуться напрями розвитку зеленої енергетики в Україні. Практичне значення дослідження полягає в можливості використання отриманих результатів органами державної влади в процесі розроблення законодавчої бази в сфері зеленої енергетики.
ФОРМУВАННЯ ЕКОНОМІЧНОЇ АКТИВНОСТІ СІЛЬСЬКОГО НАСЕЛЕННЯ В УКРАЇНІ
Authors: Дзямулич Микола , Максим’як Сергій
Published: February 2023

Стаття присвячена дослідженню проблем формування економічної активності сільського населення України в умовах системних ринкових трансформацій. Визначено специфічні особливості поточної ситуації з забезпеченням робочою силою аграрних підприємств, а також окреслено перспективи динаміки міграції сільського населення в контексті посилення євроінтеграційних процесів в Україні. Досліджено динаміку чисельності сільського населення України та визначено перспективи її зміни в майбутніх періодах. Акцентовано увагу на специфічних міграційних тенденціях сільського населення, пов’язаних з потоками робочої сили не лише в територіальному аспекті, але й між різними сегментами ринку праці. Досліджено особливості коливання рівня зайнятості у сільській місцевості України протягом останніх років та визначено ряд чинників, що впливають на її динаміку відповідно до специфіки ринкових змін.
Modal Sosial Komunitas Bujang Squad dalam Pengembangan Wisata Tahura Gunung Mangkol di Desa Terak Kabupaten Bangka Tengah
Authors: Tamara Dea , Fitriani Kiki , Rohim Abdul , Hayati Laila , Saputra Putra Pratama
Published: February 2023

Tourism development with social capital assistance can have a positive impact on communities because it contains norms, actions, and values for managing social capital that can motivate community participation in tourism development. The research was intended to describe social capital for the Bujang Squad in efforts to develop tourist villages in Terak village, Central Bangka. The methods in this study use descriptive qualitative methods. According to the study, the social capital in the Terak village was formed into three sections of trust, norms, and social networks.
Kritik Sosial Melalui Wacana Kritis pada Puisi Esai Mata Luka Sengkon Karta
Authors: Bastian Andre , Baruadi Mohamad Karmin , Didipu Herman
Published: February 2023

Norman Faircloughs critical discourse analysis aims to reveal the message of social criticism in the essay poetry of Mata Luka Sengkon Karta by Peri Sandi Huizche through text structure, discourse practice, and sociocultural practice. The research method is descriptive qualitative. The results of the research and discussion illustrate that the message of criticism is through individual, group and group to group social interaction. Discourse practices in the form of murder and robbery. Situational socio-cultural practices which include motives, and institutional which include mass media organizations, and socio-cultural which include togetherness, nationalist, moral and religious values. The prominent social criticisms are poverty, crime, law enforcement, and discrimination.
Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran ARIAS (Assurance, Relevance, Interest, Assessment, and Satisfaction) dalam Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar IPA Siswa di Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Wanningrum Cindy Putri , Sukmawati Wati
Published: February 2023

This study aims to determine the effect of the ARIAS (Assurance, Relevance, Interest, Assessment, and Satisfaction) learning model on student learning outcomes. Quantitative research using Posttest Only Control Group Design or also known as Quasi Experimental Design. Saturated sampling was used to select 30 students who became research respondents. There were 25 multiple choice questions included in the instrument. The test was used to obtain Posttest value data. Point Biserial correlation formula and reliability calculation will be used to validate the instrument beforehand. With a score of 84.7 the control class performed worse than the experimental class. Data were analyzed by t-test. The t-test results showed that students science learning outcomes increased with the application of the ARIAS learning model in elementary school.
Pentingnya Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan bagi Suatu Negara pada Generasi Milenial Abad-21
Authors: Khairunisa Wafa , Damayanti Siska
Published: February 2023

The challenges of the globalization era for a country have an impact on the younger generation, the millennial generation of the 21st century. The crisis of ethics, morals, and character throughout the world has become a serious problem due to globalization. This research aims to develop civic science, especially at the level of the functions and benefits of civics for the civilization of a nation in the face of globalization. This is a qualitative research project using the literature review method (library research). The results of the study show that the importance of civic education for a country in the 21st century is overcoming the challenges of globalization, which are especially felt by the millennial generation, so that civic education becomes a pillar in building a nations identity.
A Global Study on Pandemic-Era News Explores the Gap Between Journalists’ Ideals and Realities
Authors: Blanchett Nicole , Moubayed Anna Maria
Published: February 2023

How does the journalism produced in Canada compare to journalistic ideals and journalism practice the world over? In a first-of-its-kind study in Canada, after poring over thousands of stories, we’re beginning to get a better understanding. Canadian journalism is audience-focused and more reliant on expert opinions than journalism in many other parts of the world. And while there are few distinctions between English and French news media in Canada, those differences are noteworthy. For example, English journalists in our sample referenced emotions and cited community members’ (what the study refers to as “citizens”) voices more than French journalists.
Here’s How Metrics and Analytics are Changing Newsroom Practice
Authors: Blanchett Nicole
Published: February 2023

There’s an ongoing debate about whether the influence of audience data is good or bad for journalistic practice. But it’s not the audience data that’s an issue – it’s the way they’re used.
The Complete Guide to Analytics for Journalists
Authors: Blanchett Nicole , Watson H. G.
Published: February 2023

Knowing how to use analytics is becoming just another part of being a journalist. But how do you wade way through a flood of metrics?

Knowing how to use analytics is becoming just another part of being a journalist. But how do you wade way through a flood of metrics? And what do you do with all that information once you have it?

In J-Source's four-part series, executive video editor Nicole Blanchett Neheli explains everthing journalists need to know about using analytics.
Seymour Hersh, Twitter and a Lesson in "Off the Record"
Authors: Blanchett Nicole
Published: February 2023

As a journalist, I’ve occasionally been told things that were “off the record.” But I was astonished to hear those words from legendary investigative reporter Seymour Hersh.

I was standing an arm’s length from the Pulitzer-Prize-winner, live-tweeting as he spoke on camera about the state of journalism. About 15 minutes in he said, “This is all off the record.”

My head shot up and I replied, “I’ve been tweeting the whole time, and you’re speaking to camera.” He said the segment being shot was for “internal use” by the conference organizers and went on to say how much he hated Twitter.
Epic Snowmen, Expert Takes, and Audience Orientation: How Journalistic Roles are Performed in Canadian Media
Authors: Blanchett Nicole , Brin Colette , Vallender Cheryl , Rollwagen Heather , Owen Karen , Taylor Lisa , Mellado Claudia , Allah Sama Nemat , McGloin Kelti
Published: February 2023

Exploring the differences between normative visions and actual practices (Mellado, 2020), through a content analysis of more than 3,700 news stories contextualized with surveys, and further unpacked by interviews with journalists, this article provides a comprehensive overview of journalistic role performance in Canada. Findings show few, yet distinct, differences between French and English media, and that Canadian journalists are often present in their stories; use high levels of infotainment; and demonstrate strong performance of both the civic and service roles compared to other countries, but perform far less of the watchdog role than journalists surveyed perceived. 
A "Sense of Loss": A Profile of Helen Weinzweig
Authors: Panofsky Ruth
Published: February 2023

This paper provides an overview of the life and work of fiction writer Helen Weinzweig. Weinzweig's writing has been overlooked by critics and readers who have been challenged by her narrative style and vision. Here, the relevance of her oeuvre is confirmed through a reexamination of her subject matter, narrative technique, and literary influences. 
About the Issue 1 of 2023
Authors: Izarova Iryna
Published: February 2023

This issue features articles and notes by various authors on current legal topics.
I am proud to present articles from a diverse group of authors from Romania, Albania, Lithuania, Slovakia, Austria, and Kazakhstan. I deeply thank them for sharing their valuable research results with our readership. The values of the rule of
law and human rights are shared by all civilized nations, and our unity in supporting them is as strong as our diversity. It is clear that no one in the world is immune to violations of rights, and it is our duty to stand strong and prevent further injustices whenever possible.
In AJEE, we stand with those who fight for their rights and freedoms. We firmly believe that speaking out against violations is crucial and that silence only enables further injustices. This is especially relevant in the field of research and scholarly publishing, where we rely on facts and arguments. That’s why we show our solidarity with all who courageously stand up for equality and justice. We believe that everyone, regardless of gender or nationality, deserves to live in a world where their rights are respected and protected. Join us in standing up for what’s right and making a difference in the world!
TEACHER! EU NÃO GOSTO DE INGLÊS: A MÚSICA COMO POSSIBILIDADE PARA MOTIVAR O ALUNO A GOSTAR E APRENDER A LÍNGUA INGLESA
Authors: Bechtold Ivan , Bonin Joel Cezar
Published: February 2023

A proposta deste artigo é primeiramente descrever um fato corriqueiro que acontece nas escolas, a saber, o de que os alunos não gostam de inglês. Apresentam-se alguns fatores que podem interferir no desgosto dos alunos pelo aprendizado de língua inglesa e, em consequência, o agravante de que após, um certo ciclo de aulas, o aluno ainda não apresenta um conhecimento razoável de inglês. Nesse mesmo viés, apresenta-se um breve relato sobre as dificuldades dos professores para motivar o aluno que se sente desmotivado para o ensino do idioma. Posteriormente, se relata sobre a motivação e a sugestão da música como uma possível estratégia para ajudar o professor e o aluno no ensino e aprendizagem da língua inglesa. Para além disso, se sugere a música para motivar, ensinar e, por fim, fazer o aluno gostar do componente curricular de inglês. Os resultados apontam, efetivamente, a possibilidade do uso de músicas como uma ferramenta de ensino que pode trazer motivação aos alunos do ensino de língua inglesa. O artigo aqui exposto tem viés bibliográfico e se pauta por uma abordagem descritiva e qualitativa.
Palavras-chave: Língua Inglesa. Música. Motivação. Estudante.
 
ABSTRACT
The purpose of this article is to try to describe a common fact that happens in schools, namely, that students do not like English. Some factors are presented that may interfere with students dislike of learning the English language and, consequently, the aggravating factor that after a certain cycle of classes, the student still does not have a reasonable knowledge of English. In this same vein, a brief report is presented on the difficulties teachers face in motivating students who feel unmotivated to teach the language. Subsequently, it reports on the motivation and suggestion of music as a possible strategy to help the teacher and the student in teaching and learning the English language. In addition, music is suggested to motivate, teach and, finally, make the student enjoy the English curriculum component. The results effectively point to the possibility of using music as a teaching tool that can be brought to English language teaching students. The article presented here has a bibliographical bias and is guided by a descriptive and qualitative approach.
Keywords: English Language. Music. Motivation. Student.
TRANSLANGUAGING AS A PRACTICAL PEDAGOGY BASED ON EDUCATORS’ PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Umam Akhmad Hairul
Published: February 2023

As new approach of language teaching, translanguaging has become a popular topic and widely debated in applied linguistic for the last few years. This study explored educators’ perspective about the use of translangaging as practical pedagogy in EFL classroom in relation to their position that play a significant role in shifting educational practices. The research data was taken in the form of quantitative and qualitative using questionnaires and interview with participants by involving 15 English educators of Higher Education in Jakarta. The findings revealed positive outlooks on the use translanguaging as pedagogical practices in EFL that gave them opportunities rather as weaknesses like lack of proficiency. In addition, the educators also expressed various perceptions about language as separated system, language mixing, and language as single system that support each other.
Prevalência da obesidade e fatores associados na população brasileira
Authors: Mainardes Jéssica , Muller Erildo Vicente , Martins Camila Marinelli
Published: February 2023

A obesidade é definida como doença multifatorial complexa, resultante do excesso de adiposidade prejudicial à saúde. É considerada também como fator de risco a outras patologias, principalmente doenças crônicas não transmissíveis (DCNT). O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a prevalência da obesidade e fatores associados, no Brasil e nas regiões brasileiras. Foram utilizados dados provenientes da Pesquisa Nacional em Saúde de 2019 (PNS 2019). Verificou-se a prevalência de obesidade e foram realizados testes de associação e risco com indicadores sociodemográficos, alimentares, de atividade física, de percepção em saúde e de doenças crônicas. A prevalência de obesidade no país foi de 20,13%, com maiores frequências no sexo feminino e em regiões mais industrializadas. Além disso, as taxas de obesidade foram maiores entre indivíduos inativos fisicamente, bem como entre aqueles com percepção de qualidade de vida pior ou com diagnóstico de alguma doença crônica. Conclui-se que estudos que busquem verificar a prevalência de obesidade e fatores associados são importantes para orientar políticas públicas que impactem na diminuição de sobrepeso e obesidade no país.
Doença de Alzheimer no Brasil: uma análise epidemiológica entre 2013 e 2022
Authors: Araújo Sandra Regina Machado , Cunha Euzite Rabelo , Marques Iranete Lopes , Paixão Simone Alves , Dias Alice de Fátima Gomes , Sousa Patrícia Martins de , Soares Nayara de Kassya Pinheiro , Sousa Maria Olivia , Lobato Rutileia Moura , Souza Maria Tereza Pereira de
Published: February 2023

Objetivo: Descrever o perfil epidemiológico da Doença de Alzheimer no Brasil entre 2013 e 2022. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo exploratório, de série temporal, de dados epidemiológicos da Doença de Alzheimer na população brasileira. Os dados foram obtidos através do Sistema de Informática do SUS (DATASUS). Resultados: Certificou-se que ocorreram 14.024 internações por Doença de Alzheimer no Brasil entre janeiro de 2013 e dezembro de 2022 e a região brasileira mais afetada foi o Sudeste. Além disso, foi possível observar que a faixa etária mais afetada foi de 80 anos ou mais, com 8.168 casos, seguida da população de 70 a 79 anos com 4.061 internações. No que se refere ao sexo e a cor, as mulheres brancas foram as mais acometidas. Ocorreram 152.891 óbitos, sendo que a maioria aconteceu na região sudeste do país. A taxa média de permanência hospitalar foi de 22,9 dias, o valor médio de internação foi de R$1.754,75 e o valor total gasto com o Alzheimer no período analisado foi de R$24.608.616,49. Conclusão: Em suma, é possível inferir que a Doença de Alzheimer possui alta incidência no Brasil, principalmente na região Sudeste. Pacientes do sexo feminino, brancos, com faixa etária de 70 anos ou mais são os mais afetados. Apesar de ser uma doença de início tardio na maioria das vezes, a mesma causa prejuízos na qualidade de vida dos pacientes, uma vez que causa comprometimento das funções cognitivas superiores, principalmente a perda da memória de eventos recentes.
SYNTHESIS AND PROPERTIES OF A SERIES OF 3-ALKYLTHIO DERIVATIVES 9-METHYLPYRAZOLO[1,5-d][1,2,4]TRIAZOLO[3,4-f][1,2,4]TRIAZINE
Authors: FEDOTOV Sergey , GOCULYA Andrii , ZAİKA Yevhen , BRYTANOVA Tetyana
Published: February 2023

Objective: The aim of the work was to develop effective methods for the synthesis of promising condensed heterocyclic systems based on pyrazole and 1,2,4-triazole. In the process of realizing the set goal, a number of new pyrazolo[1,5-d][1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-f][1,2,4]triazines were synthesized.

Material and Method: Chemical structures of synthesized compounds were characterized with elemental analysis, 1H-NMR, LC-MS techniques. The biological potential of the synthesized substances was estimated by the molecular docking method.

Result and Discussion: An optimal method for the synthesis of pyrazolo[1,5-d][1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-f][1,2,4]triazines has been developed. In molecular modeling studies, the compounds were found to be similar to known drugs in some respects. The interaction of each molecule with the crystal structures of cyclooxygenase-2, lanosterol-14α-demethylase, kinases of anaplastic lymphoma in the active site were considered as in silico.
Basic Principles of Secure Information Systems
Authors: Limanova N. , Anashkin A.
Published: February 2023

The relevance of the work lies in the fact that the pace of development of the field of information security does not correspond to progress in the development of data processing methods, resulting in a serious lack of practical knowledge of the subject area, which prevents the creation of conditions for secure recording, processing and storage of data. In the process of writing the article, modern methods and principles of ensuring information security, including a mandatory approach, were studied, and a brief description of software products supporting this approach was given. The mandatory method of information protection implies granting access rights to certain actions in accordance with the user’s status. Such actions can be, for example, writing, reading and changing data. Examples of user statuses are ‘administrator’ and ‘reader’, where the administrator, as a rule, is provided with the entire list of available actions, and the reader is provided with only a minimum, sufficient for familiarization activities. In its architecture, the mandatory approach often contains tools for conducting cluster analysis. Cluster analysis can be used both to carry out work on risk analysis and assessment, and to determine the degree of protection of an object. In any case, when building a cluster, it should be taken into account that some levels of protection may be represented by more objects than others. There are software products on the information security market that allow the use of a mandatory method of ensuring information security. One of the striking examples is the PostgreSQL database management system, which has an apparatus of labels assigned according to the user’s level of rights: the higher the level of rights, the higher the access level.
Digitalization. Are We Getting Happier?
Authors: Khlebnikov А. , Komarova N.
Published: February 2023

Digital technologies are increasingly being introduced into our lives. Robots, artificial intelligence, neural networks, human-machine interface – without all this it is already impossible to imagine the life of a modern person and society as a whole. How does a person feel in a rapidly “digitizing” world? New technologies help in human life, but do they make us happier? What is meant by the word “happiness” in modern society? Based on the analysis of literature, statistical data and research results, the article concludes that human happiness does not depend much on the level of digitalization, but digital technologies can help a person become happier.
Scotland's Regional ambassadors? Assessing the Presence and influence of Scottish Elites in British Political Institutions
Authors: Harguindéguy Jean-Baptiste , Peinado García Alejandro , Pérez Francisco José Jiménez , Sheldon Jack
Published: February 2023

Are Scottish politicians regional ambassadors for Scotland in British institutions? This study explores the presence and influence of Scottish cabinet ministers and members of parliament (MPs) in British politics from 1945 to 2020. The paper shows that the traditional overrepresentation of Scots in Westminster ended in 2005. Scottish MPs have reached key positions in the House of Commons under Labour governments but disappeared almost completely from the front bench after 2010. Meanwhile, contributions by Scottish MPs have focussed heavily on issues that relate specifically to Scotland. Nevertheless, in the case of Whitehall, the article observes a limited presence and policy impact of Scottish ministers over the whole period, except under the Blair and Brown premierships. The only regular position reached by Scottish ministers has been that of Secretary of State for Scotland. However, the de-activation of the Scotland Office after devolution and the lack of Scottish Conservative ministers have limited the voice of Scotland in the executive. In summary, the British system of territorial recruitment ensures a minimum representation, but not necessarily an influence, of territorial minorities like the Scots.
Principles and methods unauthorized construction compliance with urban planning regulations research
Authors:   Siberian State University of Geosystems and Technologies, Parkhomenko D. V. , Parkhomenko I. V. ,   Department of the Federal Service for State Registration, Cadastre and Cartography  in the Novosibirsk Region
Published: February 2023

The Russian procedural legislation now imposes requirements on the geodetic expert evidence as a scientific research. But there are no generally accepted principles and methods for conducting such research in Earth sciences. The article examines such a type of expertise as a compliance of un-authorized construction with urban planning regulations research. The article research objects are houses and land parcels below them. The authors examine Russian and foreign experience in the approach to the peculiarities of urban planning regulation, because it is the base for this type of geodetic expert evidence. The article summarizes the procedural principles of the expertise and describes three special principles that should be taken into account by the expert in research. There are the principle of considering the prescription of the land use and capital construction existence, the principle of urban planning documentation considering, the principle of environmentoriented land use. Their essence and necessity are substantiated. In addition, the author's methodology for this expertise type production is proposed. It ensues from the scientific research essence and contains several stages. The article discovers the peculiarities of each stage. It is concluded that it is necessary to approve a unified generally accepted approach to unauthorized construction compliance with urban planning regulations research.
Encountering works by Nyerere and Freire
Authors: Schreiber-Barsch Silke , Bulugu Joseph Badokufa , Eble Lukas
Published: February 2023

This conceptual paper presents an encounter of a work regarding education on self-reliance by Tanzanian educator Julius K. Nyerere (1922–1999) with a work by Brazilian educator Paolo Freire (1921–1997) on education for liberation to explore their relevance for contemporary radical popular education. To this end, the study aligns with the methodological approaches used in qualitative comparative education research. Entering into a comparative dialogue between both contributions contextualises the respective features of each contribution and allows a systematic dialogue between commonalities and differences and for conclusions to be drawn regarding radical popular education. Solidarity and sustainability serve as guiding categories in this endeavour. They point conclusively to the benefits of further theoretical encounters (with, for example, the philosophy of ubuntu), to the risks of neoliberal reinterpretations and, against this background, to the quest for nurturing contemporary approaches in radical popular education in adult education academia, research and practice under the auspices of social change and transformation.
Epigenetic reprogramming in cancer: From diagnosis to treatment
Authors: Costa Pedro Mikael da Silva , Sales Sarah Leyenne Alves , Pinheiro Daniel Pascoalino , Pontes Larissa Queiroz , Maranhão Sarah Sant’Anna , Pessoa Claudia do Ó. , Furtado Gilvan Pessoa , Furtado Cristiana Libardi Miranda
Published: February 2023

Disruption of the epigenetic program of gene expression is a hallmark of cancer that initiates and propagates tumorigenesis. Altered DNA methylation, histone modifications and ncRNAs expression are a feature of cancer cells. The dynamic epigenetic changes during oncogenic transformation are related to tumor heterogeneity, unlimited self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation. This stem cell-like state or the aberrant reprogramming of cancer stem cells is the major challenge in treatment and drug resistance. Given the reversible nature of epigenetic modifications, the ability to restore the cancer epigenome through the inhibition of the epigenetic modifiers is a promising therapy for cancer treatment, either as a monotherapy or in combination with other anticancer therapies, including immunotherapies. Herein, we highlighted the main epigenetic alterations, their potential as a biomarker for early diagnosis and the epigenetic therapies approved for cancer treatment.
The transmembrane domains of the type III secretion system effector Tir are involved in its secretion and cellular activities
Authors: Braverman Dor , Gershberg Jenia , Sal-Man Neta
Published: February 2023

Introduction

Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) is a diarrheagenic pathogen and one of the major causes of gastrointestinal illness in developing countries. EPEC, similar to many other Gram-negative bacterial pathogens, possesses essential virulence machinery called the type III secretion system (T3SS) that enables the injection of effector proteins from the bacteria into the host cytoplasm. Of these, the translocated intimin receptor (Tir) is the first effector to be injected, and its activity is essential for the formation of attaching and effacing lesions, the hallmark of EPEC colonization. Tir belongs to a unique group of transmembrane domain (TMD)-containing secreted proteins, which have two conflicting destination indications, one for bacterial membrane integration and another for protein secretion. In this study, we examined whether TMDs participate in the secretion, translocation, and function of Tir in host cells.

Methods

We created Tir TMD variants with the original or alternative TMD sequence.

Results

We found that the C-terminal TMD of Tir (TMD2) is critical for the ability of Tir to escape integration into the bacterial membrane. However, the TMD sequence was not by itself sufficient and its effect was context-dependent. Moreover, the N-terminal TMD of Tir (TMD1) was important for the postsecretion function of Tir at the host cell.

Discussion

Taken together, our study further supports the hypothesis that the TMD sequences of translocated proteins encode information crucial for protein secretion and their postsecretion function.
Dendritic plateau potentials can process spike sequences across multiple time-scales
Authors: Leugering Johannes , Nieters Pascal , Pipa Gordon
Published: February 2023

The brain constantly processes information encoded in temporal sequences of spiking activity. This sequential activity emerges from sensory inputs as well as from the brain's own recurrent connectivity and spans multiple dynamically changing timescales. Decoding the temporal order of spiking activity across these varying timescales is a critical function of the brain, but we do not yet understand its neural implementation. The problem is, that the passive dynamics of neural membrane potentials occur on a short millisecond timescale, whereas many cognitive tasks require the integration of information across much slower behavioral timescales. However, actively generated dendritic plateau potentials do occur on such longer timescales, and their essential role for many aspects of cognition has been firmly established by recent experiments. Here, we build on these discoveries and propose a new model of neural computation that emerges from the interaction of localized plateau potentials across a functionally compartmentalized dendritic tree. We show how this interaction offers a robust solution to the timing invariant detection and processing of sequential spike patterns in single neurons. Stochastic synaptic transmission complements the deterministic all-or-none plateau process and improves information transmission by allowing ensembles of neurons to produce graded responses to continuous combinations of features. We found that networks of such neurons can solve highly complex sequence detection tasks by breaking down long inputs into sequences of shorter, random features that can be classified reliably. These results suggest that active dendritic processes are fundamental to neural computation.
Truth-tellers' and liars' synchrony during attitude-inconsistent conversations
Authors: Dunbar Norah E. , Fujiwara Ken , Bernhold Quinten S.
Published: February 2023

The recently-proposed strategic synchrony hypothesis holds that deceivers (more than truth-tellers) use nonverbal synchrony as a way to maintain their credibility and the smooth flow of interactions. However, important questions remain as to how an interaction partner's behavior and the topic of interaction qualify the strategic synchrony hypothesis. This study considered whether naïve participants (i.e., truth-tellers and deceivers) synchronize differently to high- and low-involvement partners (i.e., confederates) depending on whether the partners discuss climate change or tuition increases, two salient conversational topics for our participants. Deceivers who discussed climate change with a high-involvement partner were especially likely to subjectively perceive that both they themselves and their partner initiated synchrony during the discussion of climate change. However, objective automated analyses of bodily movement synchrony revealed a different set of findings: Dyads with a truth-teller demonstrated higher increases in synchrony than dyads with a deceiver when moving from a superficial discussion of what they liked about their university to a direct discussion of climate change. Results are discussed in terms of how they advance the strategic synchrony hypothesis.
Jaguars in the borderlands: Multinatural conservation for coexistence in the Anthropocene
Authors: Connolly Erin , Nelson Howard
Published: February 2023

Conservation in the human-dominated Anthropocene involves negotiations among diverse stakeholders. However, these stakeholder inclusion schemes are often superficial, leading to unsuccessful interventions. Here we apply the theory of multinaturalism as an operational starting point for stakeholder engagement efforts, to deepen local involvement and work towards coexistence. Multinaturalism posits that natures are multiple and can be known in many ways, and that many natures can coexist in the same geographical space. Using the northern jaguar population in the US-Mexico borderlands as a case study, we investigate, through semi-structured interviews, the natural realities (‘natures’) of various stakeholders involved in borderland jaguar conservation. We define a nature as an individual’s or group’sperceptions, knowledge, values, attitudes, and actionstowards jaguars. We construct each stakeholder group’s natural reality of this jaguar population through applied thematic analysis, and we identify which aspects of stakeholders’ natures are similar and different, particularly across the international border. For example, we found that many conservationists and activists value the jaguar as an apex predator because its presence signifies ecosystem health and balance, while some ranchers hold existence value for the jaguar’s power and beauty, but resent its role as a predator, due to potential for conflict with livestock. This information provides a greater understanding of differences in realities that may cause conflicts over wildlife-related decisions, and can be used by local conservation actors to facilitate collaboration in a complex transboundary region. This interdisciplinary study highlights the importance of investigating the human dimensions of conservation completely, while treating all forms of knowledge about nature seriously and equally. Due to the unique nature of human-wildlife interactions, each conservation situation requires bespoke consideration, and particularly in diverse landscapes, a multinatural approach offers a novel path towards sustainable human-wildlife coexistence.
Native T1 is predictive of cardiovascular death/heart failure events and all-cause mortality irrespective of the patient’s volume status
Authors: Treiber Julia , Hausmann Carla S. , Wolter Jan Sebastian , Fischer-Rasokat Ulrich , Kriechbaum Steffen D. , Hamm Christian W. , Nagel Eike , Puntmann Valentina O. , Rolf Andreas
Published: February 2023

Background

Native T1 has become a pivotal parameter of tissue composition that is assessed by cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR). It characterizes diseased myocardium and can be used for prognosis estimation. Recent publications have shown that native T1 is influenced by short-term fluctuations of volume status due to hydration or hemodialysis.

Methods

Patients from a prospective BioCVI all-comers clinical CMR registry were included, and native T1 and plasma volume status (PVS) were determined according to Hakim’s formula as surrogate markers of patient volume status. The primary endpoint was defined as combined endpoint of cardiovascular death or hospitalization for heart failure events, the secondary endpoint was defined as all-cause mortality.

Results

A total of 2,047 patients were included since April 2017 [median (IQR); age 63 (52–72) years, 33% female]. There was a significant although weak influence of PVS on native T1 (β = 0.11, p < 0.0001). Patients with volume expansion (PVS > −13%) showed significantly higher values for tissue markers than non-volume-overloaded patients [PVS ≤ −13%; median (IQR); native T1 1,130 (1,095–1,170) vs. 1,123 (1,086–1,166) ms, p < 0.003; and T2 39 (37–40) vs. 38 (36–40) ms, p < 0.0001]. In Cox regression analysis both native T1 and PVS were independently predictive of the primary endpoint and all-cause mortality.

Conclusion

Despite a weak effect of PVS on native T1, its predictive power was not affected in a large, all-comers cohort.
Mountain valleys, alluvial fans and oases: Geomorphologic perspectives of the mixed agropastoral economy in Xinjiang (3000–200 BC)
Authors: Yin Chen , Zhang Junna , Yu Xuetong
Published: February 2023

Xinjiang serves as a hub for trans-Eurasian exchange. The Xinjiang hominids are supposed to be greatly influenced by the environment due to the fragile ecology and arid climate. As the territory with the most significant and complex geomorphic units in Inner Asia, Xinjiang features a diverse spectrum of geomorphic forms, including mountains, basins, deserts, river valleys, and oases. This paper presents a systematic summary of the geomorphic locations of 127 Bronze Age to early Iron Age (3000–200 BC) sites and cemeteries in Xinjiang and their economic strategies, exploring the different economic choices of ancient humans who lived in other geomorphic units, and how they adapted to their microenvironments. We have divided Xinjiang into five regions: the Junggar Basin, the Tarim Basin, the Western Tianshan Mountains, the middle Tianshan Mountains, and the Eastern Tianshan Mountains. Our study shows that there were different agropastoral economic modes in different geographical units. Roughly bounded by the Tianshan Mountains, the economy in northern Xinjiang was heavily based on animal husbandry, while oasis farming was popular in the Southern Xinjiang reigon. From the perspective of geomorphology, most sites are situated in mountain valleys, alluvial fans, and oases regions with surface water sources and fine-textured soil cover. Sites near mountains were more likely to develop a mixed pastoral-hunting economy, and oasis communities of a specific size were more likely to build a mixed agricultural-pastoral economy. In large river valleys or alluvial fans, it is expected that settlement clusters and large central settlements will grow, leading to the emergence of social complexity. This study will help to understand the complex “man-land” dynamics between 3000 and 200 BC in Xinjiang.
Clinical characteristics of familial dysalbuminemic hyperthyroxinemia in Chinese patients and comparison of free thyroxine in three immunoassay methods
Authors: Zhao Linlin , Zhou Yingying , Huang Fengjiao , He Xiaoyang , Mei Guili , Wang Shoujun , Zhao Yanyan
Published: February 2023

Objective

Familial dysalbuminemic hyperthyroxinemia (FDH) has not been thoroughly studied in the Chinese population to date. The clinical characteristics of FDH in Chinese patients were summarized, and the susceptibility of common free thyroxine (FT4) immunoassay methods was evaluated.

Methods

The study included 16 affected patients from eight families with FDH admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University. The published FDH patients of Chinese ethnicity were summarized. Clinical characteristics, genetic information, and thyroid function tests were analyzed. The ratio of FT4 to the upper limit of normal (FT4/ULN) in three test platforms was also compared in patients with R218H ALB mutation from our center.

Results

The R218H ALB mutation was identified in seven families and the R218S in one family. The mean age of diagnosis was 38.4 ± 19.5 years. Half of the probands (4/8) were misdiagnosed as hyperthyroidism previously. The ratios of serum iodothyronine concentration to ULN in FDH patients with R218S were 8.05–9.74 for TT4, 0.68–1.28 for TT3, and 1.20–1.39 for rT3, respectively. The ratios in patients with R218H were 1.44 ± 0.15, 0.65 ± 0.14, and 0.77 ± 0.18, respectively. The FT4/ULN ratio detected using the Abbott I4000 SR platform was significantly lower than Roche Cobas e801 and Beckman UniCel Dxl 800 Access platforms (P < 0.05) in patients with R218H. In addition, nine Chinese families with FDH were retrieved from the literature, of which eight carried the R218H ALB mutation and one the R218S. The TT4/ULN of approximately 90% of patients (19/21) with R218H was 1.53 ± 0.31; the TT3/ULN of 52.4% of patients (11/21) was 1.49 ± 0.91. In the family with R218S, 45.5% of patients (5/11) underwent TT4 dilution test and the TT4/ULN was 11.70 ± 1.33 and 90.9% (10/11) received TT3 testing and the TT3/ULN was 0.39 ± 0.11.

Conclusions

Two ALB mutations, R218S and R218H, were found in eight Chinese families with FDH in this study, and the latter may be a high-frequency mutation in this population. The serum iodothyronine concentration varies with different mutation forms. The rank order of deviation in measured versus reference FT4 values by different immunoassays (lowest to highest) was Abbott < Roche < Beckman in the FDH patients with R218H.