bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Environmental education for sustainable management of the basins of the rivers Pirapó, Paranapanema III and Parapanema IV
Authors: Obara A. T. , Kovalski M. L. , Regina V. B. , Riva P. B. , Hidalgo M. R. , Galvão C. B. , Takahashi B. T.
Published: January 2016

The growing concern about the quantity and quality of water has led managers and researchers from various countries to concentrate efforts in the study, planning and management of watersheds, considered appropriate units for the rational and sustainable management of water resources. This experience report presents results of the Program for Communication, Environmental Education and Social Mobilization, which is part of the project “Monitoring Network of the basins of the rivers Pirapó, Paranapanema III and Paranapanema IV – analysis and monitoring of the hydrological behavior”, developed by a multidisciplinary team of researchers and graduate students of the State University of Maringá (Paraná, Brazil). The goals of the program were: a) To develop continuing education for teachers of basic education, active in state schools located in the basins studied; b) To raise awareness and to promote training of various local social actors; c) To produce educational and promotional materials for teachers and general community, respectively. The methodology was the action research, on the basis of collaborative work between university researchers and participants of the program. The results evidence that teachers and representatives of different social groups had a limited view of issues related to water resources of their region. Courses, workshops and itinerant exhibitions, beyond teaching aids and promotional material prepared by the group of researchers and graduate students contributed to broaden the view of social actors about watersheds to which they are part, from the perspective of an active, critical and responsible participation focused on sustainable use and management of water resources.
Loss of biodiversity in a conservation unit of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest: the effect of introducing non-native fish species
Authors: Fragoso-Moura E. N. , Oporto L. T. , Maia-Barbosa P. M. , Barbosa F. A. R.
Published: January 2016

Abstract The introduction of species has become an important problem for biodiversity and natural ecosystem conservation. The lake system of the middle Rio Doce (MG, Brazil) comprises c. 200 lakes at various conservation states, of which 50 are located within the Rio Doce State Park (PERD). Previous studies had verified several of these lakes suffered non-native fishes introductions and the presence of these species needs for the implementation of actions aiming at not only their control but also the preservation of the native species. This study discusses the effects of non-native fish species in the largest conservation unit of Atlantic Forest in Minas Gerais, southeast of Brazil, using data from 1983 to 2010 distributed as follow: data prior to 2006 were obtained from previous studies, and data from September 2006 to July 2010 were obtained in Lake Carioca at four sampling stations using gillnets, seine nets and sieve. A total of 17 fish species was collected (2006-2010) of which five were introduced species. Among the small to medium size native species (30 to 2000 mm standard length) seven had disappeared, two are new records and one was recaptured. The non-native species Cichla kelberi (peacock bass) and Pygocentrus nattereri (red piranha) are within the most abundant captured species. Integrated with other actions, such as those preventing new introductions, a selective fishing schedule is proposed as an alternative approach to improve the conservation management actions and the local and regional biodiversity maintenance.
Medium- and large-sized mammals in a steppic savanna area of the Brazilian Pampa: survey and conservation issues of a poorly known fauna
Authors: Espinosa C. C. , Galiano D. , Kubiak B. B. , Marinho J. R.
Published: January 2016

Abstract The wildlife of the Brazilian Pampa is threatened by large-scale habitat loss, due in particular to the expansion of soybean cultivation and the conversion of grasslands areas into extensive areas of silviculture. It is essential to study how the mammal fauna copes with the highly fragmented, human-influenced, non-protected landscape. Our study presents the results of a survey of the large- and medium-sized mammals of a typical human-influenced steppic savanna area of the Pampa biome. The survey was conducted exclusively with the use of camera traps over a period of 16 months. The relative frequencies of species in the area were evaluated. We recorded 18 species, some of them locally threatened (Tamandua tetradactyla, Alouatta caraya, Leopardus colocolo, Leopardus geoffroyi, Leopardus wiedii, Puma yagouaroundi, Mazama gouazoubira and Cuniculus paca). Several species were found to thrive in the area; however, many species were considered rare, and undoubtedly new species could be recorded if we continued the sampling. Our results contribute to the knowledge of faunal diversity in the Pampa biome and associated habitats, warn about threats and provide support for conservation measures.
Habitat architecture influencing microcrustaceans composition: a case study on freshwater Cladocera (Crustacea Branchiopoda)
Authors: Debastiani-Júnior J. R. , Elmoor-Loureiro L. M. A. , Nogueira M. G.
Published: January 2016

Abstract Environmental complexity is considered a key factor for diversity enhancement in aquatic ecosystems. Macrophyte stands are a major contributor for this complexity due to their differential architectures. Nevertheless, the influence of distinct aquatic habitat architectures (with different types of macrophytes or without them) on microcrustaceans’ taxa composition, usually found in macrophyte colonized water bodies, is underexplored in limnological studies. The main objective of this study was to analyze this influence by comparing the Cladocera composition among four habitat architectures: (1) fluctuant macrophytes, (2) rooted emergent macrophytes, (3) submerged macrophytes and (4) the limnetic zone of oxbow lakes associated to a large subtropical reservoir. Wide compositional variation was observed. Fluctuant macrophytes exhibited the richest Cladocera assemblage, dominated by Chydoridae. Submerged and rooted emergent macrophytes had the most similar assemblages between them. The most distinctive fauna was found in the limnetic zone, dominated by Bosminidae. Probable differences in resource availability in each sampled habitat architecture are considered as the driving factor for the Cladocera composition variation. We concluded that for a complete inventory of a given local fauna, it is imperative to take into account the aquatic habitat architecture, including macrophyte stands, in the data sampling design.
Chironomidae feeding habits in different habitats from a Neotropical floodplain: exploring patterns in aquatic food webs
Authors: Butakka C. M. M. , Ragonha F. H. , Train S. , Pinha G. D. , Takeda A. M.
Published: January 2016

Abstract Ecological studies on food webs have considerably increased in recent decades, especially in aquatic communities. Because Chironomidae family are highly specious, occurring in almost all aquatic habitats is considered organisms-key to initiate studies on ecological relationships and trophic webs. We tested the hypothesis that the diversity of the morphospecies diet reflects differences on both the food items available among habitats and the preferences of larval feeding. We analyzed the gut content of the seven most abundant Chironomidae morphospecies of the different habitats from the Upper Paraná River. We categorized the food items found into algae, fungal spores, fragments of plants, algae and animal fragments and sponge spicules. We observed the algae predominance in the gut content of morphospecies from lakes. Considering the different regions from each lake, we registered the highest food abundance in the littoral regions in relation to the central regions. From the variety of feeding habits (number of item kinds), we classified Chironomus strenzkei, Tanytarsus sp.1, Procladius sp.1 as generalist morphospecies. We found a nested pattern between food items and Chironomidae morphospecies, where some items were common to all taxa (e.g., Bacillariophyceae algae, especially), while others were found in specific morphospecies (e.g., animals fragments found in Procladius sp.1). The algae represented the most percentage of gut contents of Chironomidae larvae. This was especially true for the individuals from littoral regions, which is probably due to the major densities of algae associated to macrophytes, which are abundant in these regions. Therefore, the feeding behavior of these morphospecies was generalist and not selective, depending only of the available resources.
Polymorphism C242T in the Cyp19 gene in meat sheep
Authors: Mora N. H. A. P. , Silva S. C. C. , Tanamati F. , Schuroff G. P. , Macedo F. A. F. , Gasparino E.
Published: January 2016

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the frequency of C242T polymorphism on the aromatase gene and the allelic and genotypic frequency of these variants in sheep belonging to four breed groups. Blood samples were collected from 187 animals of four breed groups: Dorper, Santa Inês, Texel and White Dorper, originated from herds in the region of Maringá/PR, Brazil. The genomic DNA was extracted using alkaline extraction, with subsequent amplification of the fragments via PCR with specific primer. The samples resulting from amplification were subjected to digestion process using the Dpn II restriction enzyme and to polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis 10.0% and stained with silver nitrate. Three distinct genotypes were observed: homozygous (CC), heterozygous (CT) and homozygous for no cut (TT). The resulting data were analyzed using the POPGENE software with 5% significance. Genotypic frequencies among the breed groups were: Texel (CC - 0.426; CT - 0.511; TT - 0.064), Dorper (CC - 0.073; CT - 0.732; TT - 0.439), White Dorper (CC - 0.021; CT - 0.255; TT - 0.723) and Santa Inês (CC - 0.115; CT - 0.462; TT - 0.423).
Inter-site variation in allometry and wood density of Goupia glabra Aubl. in Amazonia
Authors: Siliprandi N. C. , Nogueira E. M. , Toledo J. J. , Fearnside P. M. , Nascimento H. E. M.
Published: January 2016

Abstract The present study aims to compare the allometry and wood density of Goupia glabra Aubl. (Goupiaceae) in two different terra-firme sites in Amazonian forest. A total of 65 trees ≥ 10 cm DBH was sampled in both sites, with 39 trees in Nova Olinda do Norte (NOlinda, near the Amazon River) and 29 trees in Apuí (near the southern edge of the Amazon forest). Except for the relationship between DBH (diameter at breast height) and Ht (total height), allometric relationships for G.glabra differed significantly between sites. Apuí had lower intercept and greater slope for log10 (DBH) versus log10 (Hs – stem height), and, conversely, greater intercept and lower slope for log10 (DBH) versus log10 (Ch – crown height). The slope differed significantly between the sites for DBH versus Cd (crown diameter), with greater slope found for NOlinda. Mean basic wood density in Apuí was 8.8% lower than in NOlinda. Our findings highlight the variation in adaptive strategy of G. glabra due to environmental differences between sites. This is probably because of different canopy-understory light gradients, which result in differentiation of resource allocation between vertical and horizontal growth, which, in turn, affects mechanical support related to wood density. We also hypothesize that differences in soil fertility and disturbance regimes between sites may act concomitantly with light.
Different harvest times and physiological quality of coriander seeds
Authors: Alkimim Emilly R. , David Andréia M. S. de S. , Sousa Tiago V. , Rodrigues Cleiton G. , Amaro Hugo T. R.
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT The season of harvest is one of the most important factors influencing seed quality. This study evaluated the effect of different harvesting times on the physiological quality of Coriandrum sativum L. seeds, cv. Palmeira. The experimental design was completely randomized, with six treatments (harvest times) and four replications. The experiment was conducted during the months of April to October 2010. The first moment to harvest seeds was carried out 15 days after full bloom, when approximately 50% of plants were in flowering phase. Other harvests (22, 29, 36, 43 and, 50 days after bloom) were carried out at 7 days intervals until the seeds reached 16.0% of moisture, which occurred in the 6th harvest. Immediately after each harvest, the seeds were analysed for water content, germination and vigor (first count, seedling emergence and emergence rate index). The harvest season most suitable for C. sativum seeds cv. Palmeira occurred between 46 and 50 days after flowering, when the seeds have the highest physiological quality and moisture content between 20 and 16%.
Silicon fertilization and soil water tensions on rice development and yield
Authors: Oliveira Jakeline R. de , Koetz Marcio , Bonfim-Silva Edna M. , Silva Tonny J. A. da
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT The cultivation of upland rice (Oryza sativa) in Brazil occurs mainly in the Cerrado, a region with adverse weather conditions. The use of silicon in its cultivation becomes important, since this nutrient provides higher rigidity, lower transpiration and higher resistance to dry spells in rice plants. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of silicon fertilization and soil water tensions on upland rice development and yield in a Cerrado Oxisol. A 5 x 5 fractionated factorial with five soil water tensions (0, 15, 30, 45 and 60 kPa) and five silicon doses (0, 120, 240, 480 and 960 mg dm-3) was used, which were distributed in a randomized block design, with four replicates. Plant height, number of tillers, number of panicles, number of grains per panicle, numbers of full and empty grains and percentage of empty grains were evaluated. Silicon fertilization promotes increased tillering in rice plants at the dose of 960 mg dm-3. The numbers of tillers and panicles decreased with the application of silicon up to the doses of 460 and 490 mg dm-3, respectively. The increase in soil water tensions reduced plant height and the number of full grains, and increased the percentage of empty grains of upland rice.
Kinetics and thermodynamic properties related to the drying of 'Cabacinha' pepper fruits
Authors: Silva Hellismar W. da , Rodovalho Renato S. , Velasco Marya F. , Silva Camila F. , Vale Luís S. R.
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to determine and model the drying kinetics of 'Cabacinha' pepper fruits at different temperatures of the drying air, as well as obtain the thermodynamic properties involved in the drying process of the product. Drying was carried out under controlled conductions of temperature (60, 70, 80, 90 and 100 °C) using three samples of 130 g of fruit, which were weighed periodically until constant mass. The experimental data were adjusted to different mathematical models often used in the representation of fruit drying. Effective diffusion coefficients, calculated from the mathematical model of liquid diffusion, were used to obtain activation energy, enthalpy, entropy and Gibbs free energy. The Midilli model showed the best fit to the experimental data of drying of 'Cabacinha' pepper fruits. The increase in drying temperature promoted an increase in water removal rate, effective diffusion coefficient and Gibbs free energy, besides a reduction in fruit drying time and in the values of entropy and enthalpy. The activation energy for the drying of pepper fruits was 36.09 kJ mol-1.
Chlorophyll index for real-time prediction of nutritional status of 'Prata' banana
Authors: Arantes Alessandro de M. , Donato Sérgio L. R. , Siqueira Dalmo L. de , Amorim Edson P. , Rodrigues Filho Vagner A.
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT This study aimed to select regression equations based on the correlation between chlorophyll index and leaf nutrient contents, for real-time prediction of the nutritional status of 'Prata' banana. Six cultivars of 'Prata' banana were used as treatments, with five replicates and four plants per plot, arranged in a completely randomized design. Nutrient levels were evaluated based on laboratorial analysis and chlorophyll indices using a portable chlorophyll meter, in the third leaf from the apex to the base. Data were subjected to analysis of variance, calculating the correlations between leaf nutrient contents and chlorophyll indices, and the regression equations were adjusted to the associations that were significant and with greater magnitude. The selected models estimate leaf nutrient contents and allow a real-time, low-cost reliable prediction of the nutritional status of 'Prata' banana. It is an auxiliary technique that, combined with leaf and soil analysis, contributes to a more precise and secure nutritional evaluation.
Saberes docentes sobre processo ensino-aprendizagem e sua importância para a formação profissional em saúde
Authors: Freitas Daniel Antunes , Santos Emanuele Mariano de Souza , Lima Lucy Vieira da Silva , Miranda Lays Nogueira , Vasconcelos Eveline Lucena , Nagliate Patrícia de Carvalho
Published: January 2016

O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar os saberes docentes sobre processo ensino-aprendizagem em saúde dos professores de uma universidade pública. Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva de abordagem qualitativa, na qual os dados foram obtidos por meio de entrevista com 11 professores, baseando-se no método da entrevista aberta ou em profundidade. Os resultados apontam carência na formação para o exercício da atividade docente em saúde, cujos saberes docentes específicos acarretam um processo de ensino-aprendizagem pautado no ensino tradicional. Ao mesmo tempo, indicam que, ao incorporarem novos saberes, elegem práticas inovadoras e facilitadoras em favorecimento do ensino-aprendizagem discente. Desse modo, destaca-se a necessidade de se ampliar a discussão acerca do tema, sobretudo no que se refere ao papel da gestão e à formação didático-pedagógica do corpo docente em saúde, essencial para se alcançar a formação preconizada pelas Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais.
Práticas Integradas em Saúde I: uma experiência inovadora de integração intercurricular e interdisciplinar
Authors: Toassi Ramona Fernanda Ceriotti , Lewgoy Alzira Maria Baptista
Published: January 2016

Este artigo analisa uma experiência curricular inovadora chamada ‘Práticas Integradas em Saúde I’, proposta pela Coordenadoria de Saúde da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. O foco do estudo são os processos de ensino-aprendizagem em um contexto interdisciplinar e multiprofissional no território de uma Unidade de Saúde da Família do Distrito Sanitário Glória-Cruzeiro-Cristal, Porto Alegre. A metodologia utilizada envolveu a análise de conteúdo do plano de ensino da disciplina e de narrativas individuais e coletivas (diários de campo, portfólios e relatórios) elaboradas por estudantes e tutores entre 2012 e 2014. Esta proposta tem possibilitado o convívio entre estudantes e professores de diferentes cursos de graduação, aproximando-os dos trabalhadores do Sistema Único de Saúde e transformando currículos. Também promove a compreensão das redes de saúde e a prática interdisciplinar do cuidado em saúde.
Sotaque e telejornalismo: representações de comunicadores de mídia nordestinos
Authors: Ramos Luciana de Menezes , Lira Zulina Souza de , Roazzi Antonio
Published: January 2016

RESUMO: Objetivo: descrever o conteúdo das representações sociais do comunicador de mídia nordestino acerca do seu sotaque. Métodos: a coleta de dados foi realizada em duas etapas. Na primeira, foi empregada a técnica de associação livre, na qual 50 universitários apresentaram o que pensavam diante da palavra "sotaque". Na segunda, por meio do Procedimento de Classificações Múltiplas (PCM), 25 comunicadores atuantes na Região Metropolitana do Recife classificaram as 15 palavras mais associadas pelos estudantes de duas maneiras, classificação livre e dirigida. Na classificação livre, os comunicadores agruparam as palavras segundo critérios por eles estabelecidos, enquanto que na classificação dirigida, as palavras foram classificadas de acordo com o grau de associação com o termo MEU SOTAQUE. A análise foi realizada utilizando-se métodos estatísticos multidimensionais, que permitiram construir a estruturação do campo das Representações Sociais. Resultados: três regiões delimitadas expressam a representação dos sujeitos sobre sotaque: Conceito, Identidade e Espaço. Na primeira, há seis categorias (engraçado, diferente, arrastado, matuto, preconceito, oxente), na segunda, as palavras são identidade, característica, língua, fala e cultura, próximas ao termo meu sotaque e, na terceira, região, regionalismo, nordeste e localidade. Identidade foi o termo mais relacionado ao termo MEU SOTAQUE, enquanto que os itens menos relacionados são os presentes na região conceito, exceto pelo termo oxente. Conclusão: o sotaque nordestino é tido como uma marca da identidade e cultura da região Nordeste. Os comunicadores suavizam características do falar nordestino durante o exercício profissional para se adequar ao padrão preconizado pelo mercado de trabalho sem perder a sua identidade.
Acuidade olfatória e qualidade de vida após a laringectomia total
Authors: Santos Christiane Gouvêa dos , Bergmann Anke , Coça Kaliani Lima , Garcia Angela Albuquerque , Valente Tânia Cristina de Oliveira
Published: January 2016

RESUMO: Objetivo: identificar a prevalência e os fatores associados às alterações do olfato e descrever a qualidade de vida após a laringectomia total. Métodos: estudo transversal para avaliar a acuidade olfatória e a qualidade de vida de laringectomizados totais no Instituto Nacional de Câncer por meio da aplicação do Teste de Identificação do Olfato da Universidade da Pensilvânia, do Questionário de Qualidade de Vida da Universidade de Washington e do Questionário sobre a Acuidade Olfatória Pré-Reabilitação do Olfato. Resultados: foram avaliados 48 laringectomizados totais, sendo 39 do sexo masculino e 9 do sexo feminino, com idade média de 62 anos e tempo médio de 5,6 anos desde a laringectomia total. No Teste de Identificação do Olfato a pontuação média foi de 17,9. De acordo com a classificação do olfato no teste, a maioria dos participantes apresentou algum grau de alteração, sendo que apenas 2 indivíduos tiveram o olfato considerado dentro da normalidade. No Questionário de Qualidade de vida da Universidade de Washington, o escore composto foi 80,47. Os domínios que apresentaram as médias de pontos mais baixas foram paladar, saliva e fala. No questionário sobre a acuidade olfatória pré-reabilitação do olfato, a maioria dos participantes consideraram seu olfato de ruim a razoável. 21 indivíduos relataram apresentar algum grau de dificuldade em suas atividades de vida diária em decorrência de alterações do olfato. Conclusão: os laringectomizados totais apresentaram alta prevalência de alterações do olfato, com comprometimentos relacionados às suas atividades de vida diária.
Possíveis implicações audiológicas do diabetes melito: uma revisão de literatura
Authors: David Louise Ziani de , Finamor Marcele Machado , Buss Ceres
Published: January 2016

RESUMO: O objetivo deste trabalho é realizar uma revisão bibliográfica procurando analisar a relação entre diabetes melito, tipos I e II, e as possíveis alterações audiológicas. De acordo com os estudos analisados, pode-se concluir que existe relação entre alterações audiológicas e diabetes melito. Acredita-se ainda que há uma série de fatores que contribuem para tal associação, sendo necessários estudos mais criteriosos que estabeleçam o verdadeiro papel desses fatores.
Efeitos do exercício muscular respiratório na biomecânica da deglutição de indivíduos normais
Authors: Machado João Rafael Sauzem , Steidl Eduardo Matias dos Santos , Bilheri Diego Fernando Dorneles , Trindade Mateus , Weis Guilherme Lopes , Jesus Paulo Roberto Oliveira de , Pereira Marisa Bastos , Mancopes Renata
Published: January 2016

RESUMO: Objetivo: analisar os efeitos do exercício respiratórios na biomecânica da deglutição de sujeitos normais. Métodos: o exercício muscular respiratório em sujeitos normais foi aplicado por sete dias consecutivos por meio de incentivador respiratório a fluxo (três séries de dez repetições para inspiração e expiração). A biomecânica da deglutição foi avaliada por videofluoroscopia, utilizando variáveis temporais (tempo de transição faríngea) e visuoperceptuais (número de deglutições, resíduos em seios piriformes e valéculas, penetração/aspiração). Para análise estatística foi aplicado o Teste de Wilcoxon, Igualdade de Duas Proporções e Kappa. Resultados: foram avaliadas 16 jovens do sexo feminino com média de idade de 21,2±3,4 anos. Nas variáveis visuoperceptuais observou-se concordância quase perfeita entre os avaliadores (p<0,001), bem como na temporal (p = 1,00). Após o período de treinamento houve redução no tempo de transição faríngea (p=0,02). Conclusão: o uso de incentivador respiratório a fluxo influenciou significantemente na biomecânica da deglutição, principalmente na redução do tempo de transição faríngea.
Medidas antropométricas faciais de adultos segundo diagnóstico do modo respiratório e o sexo
Authors: Berwig Luana Cristina , Marquezan Mariana , Trevisan Maria Elaine , Chiodelli Lais , Rubim Andrielle de Bitencourt Pacheco , Corrêa Eliane Castilhos Rodrigues , Silva Ana Maria Toniolo da
Published: January 2016

RESUMO: Objetivo: comparar as medidas antropométricas faciais de adultos segundo o modo respiratório e o sexo. Métodos: a amostra do estudo foi constituída por 82 sujeitos adultos, na faixa etária entre 18 e 35 anos, 59 do sexo feminino e 23 do sexo masculino. A partir das avaliações fonoaudiológica e otorrinolaringológica, foram diagnosticados 46 respiradores nasais e 36 respiradores orais. As medidas faciais foram obtidas com paquímetro e comparadas segundo diagnóstico do modo respiratório e sexo dos sujeitos, utilizando-se o teste t de Student e da Correlação de Pearson, com nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: as medidas antropométricas verticais (terço médio, terço inferior, altura facial, lábio superior e lábio inferior) foram significantemente maiores nos respiradores orais e apresentaram correlação positiva com o modo respiratório. Todas as medidas faciais realizadas foram maiores no sexo masculino e mostraram correlação positiva com a variável sexo. Conclusões: as medidas antropométricas faciais do plano vertical foram maiores nos respiradores orais, sugerindo padrão de crescimento facial mais alongado nesses sujeitos. Todas as medidas antropométricas faciais obtidas nos planos vertical, horizontal e transversal foram maiores nos sujeitos do sexo masculino.
Satisfação de usuários de aparelho de amplificação sonora individual atendidos em um centro auditivo
Authors: Silva Débora Conceição de Oliveira da , Scharlach Renata Coelho
Published: January 2016

RESUMO: Objetivo: verificar o grau de satisfação de usuários de aparelho de amplificação sonora individual por meio do questionário Satisfaction with Amplification in Daily Life. Métodos: estudo observacional, descritivo e analítico de delineamento transversal do qual participaram indivíduos com idade entre 52 e 96 anos portadores de perda auditiva neurossensorial bilateral de grau leve a severo, usuários de aparelho auditivo. Todos os participantes responderam o questionário no inicio do processo de adaptação do aparelho de amplificação sonora e após três meses de uso do mesmo. Resultados: não houve diferença significante nos escores do questionário comparando os resultados dos usuários com adaptação unilateral e bilateral tanto para o primeiro momento quanto para o segundo momento de avaliação. Evidenciou-se diferença estatisticamente significante entre os dois momentos para a subescala fatores negativos e para a média da pontuação global, sendo observada maior satisfação no segundo momento. Existem correlações positivas estatisticamente significantes entre os resultados da subescala custos e serviços e média global e entre fatores negativos e média global. Já entre os fatores negativos e a imagem pessoal a correlação observada foi negativa. Conclusão: os resultados da pesquisa evidenciaram que os usuários de aparelho auditivo avaliados mostraram-se satisfeitos com a amplificação após três meses de utilização efetiva. Não houve diferença de satisfação entre adaptação unilateral e bilateral. Existiu correlação estatisticamente significante entre a média global e os resultados da subescala custos e serviços. A aclimatização contribuiu para a satisfação na subescala fatores negativos e para a média global do questionário.
Fonação em tubo de vidro imerso em água: análise vocal perceptivoauditiva e videolaringoestroboscópica de mulheres sem afecções laríngeas, queixas ou alterações vocais
Authors: Lima Joziane Padilha de Moraes , Cielo Carla Aparecida , Scapini Fabrício
Published: January 2016

RESUMO: Objetivo: verificar e correlacionar medidas vocais acústicas de fonte glótica e características laríngeas em mulheres sem afecções laríngeas e sem queixas vocais após a fonação em tubo de vidro imerso em água. Métodos: vinte e quatro mulheres, entre 18 e 40 anos de idade, foram avaliadas e distribuídas de forma igualitária no grupo de estudo e no grupo de controle. Realizaram-se coleta da vogal /a:/ e videolaringoestroboscopia antes e após a execução da técnica, no grupo estudo, e antes e após um período de silêncio no controle. Realizou-se análise vocal acústica e perceptivoauditiva e análise estatística com Wilcoxon, Qui-quadrado e Spearman (p<0,05). Resultados: grupo estudo: melhora do quociente de perturbação do pitch suavizado, índice de turbulência vocal, Shimmer percentual e Shimmer em dB; melhora da soprosidade na avaliação perceptivoauditiva; na videolaringoestroboscopia, a constrição do vestíbulo laríngeo não se alterou significantemente. Conclusão: a técnica de fonação em tubo de vidro imerso em água reduziu a aperiodicidade da vibração glótica e do ruído, com aumento da energia harmônica e consequente melhora do sinal glótico. Na videolaringoestroboscopia, a constrição do vestíbulo laríngeo não se alterou significantemente, o que sugere que a técnica não provoca hipertensão laríngea.
Peletização de Sementes Florestais no Brasil: Uma Atualização
Authors: Santos Sérgio Roberto Garcia dos
Published: January 2016

No Brasil, os estudos com peletização de sementes de espécies florestais ainda são escassos; as razões prováveis são o alto custo desta técnica e o pouco uso da semeadura direta com espécies florestais. Considerando que as sementes florestais apresentam grande variação de tamanho, forma e peso para as diferentes espécies, o uso da peletização apresenta-se como uma alternativa promissora como forma de uniformizar tamanhos e formatos, favorecendo o seu uso em projetos de restauração ecológica através da melhoria da plantabilidade e/ou com espécies para as quais foi desenvolvido um trabalho de melhoramento. A semente peletizada apresenta ainda outras vantagens, pois permite a incorporação de vários produtos que ajudam no bom desenvolvimento da muda, diminuindo os custos de produção. Deste modo, há um ganho relativo à segurança no trabalho, pois proporciona uma redução de poeira e inalação (ex. agrotóxicos) pelos operadores e também quanto a proteção ao meio ambiente.
Por uma sociologia do ensino de sociologia nas escolas: da finalidade atribuída à disciplina à experiência social do alunato. Estudos de caso no Distrito Federal
Authors: Leal Sayonara , Yung Tauvana
Published: January 2016

Resumo Este trabalho trata da relação entre finalidade intelectual atribuída à disciplina sociologia no ensino médio e representações que o alunato de escolas públicas e particulares do Distrito Federal (DF) fazem a partir da sua experiência social com as ciências sociais no espaço escolar. Baseamo-nos em pesquisa quali/quanti, envolvendo a aplicação de questionários e grupos focais com alunos de escolas do DF, observações participantes nas escolas e análise documental. Propomos identificar a relação entre duas categorias epistêmicas fundamentais em nossa pesquisa: mediações pedagógicas (conhecimentos conteudísticos e didáticos do professor de sociologia) e experiência social do alunato acerca da disciplina na escola. A relação entre mediações pedagógicas e experiência social do alunato no âmbito do ensino de sociologia na escola nos esclarece como o tema da utilidade intelectual das ciências sociais e sua pertinência na formação do ensino médio perpassa as operações críticas que o alunato das escolas do DF realizam sobre a sociologia como área de conhecimento e a sociologia que vai à escola.
Better Living through Dread: Medieval Ascetics, Modern Philosophers, and the Long History of Existential Anxiety
Authors: Megna Paul
Published: January 2016

Intellectual historians often credit S⊘ren Kierkegaard as existential anxiety's prime mover. Arguing against this popular sentiment, this essay reads Kierkegaard not as the ex nihilo inventor of existential anxiety but as a modern practitioner of a deep-historical, dread-based asceticism. Examining a wide range of Middle English devotional literature alongside some canonical works of modern existentialism, it argues that Kierkegaard and the existentialists who followed him participated in a Judeo-Christian tradition of dread-based asceticism, the popularity of which had dwindled since the Middle Ages but never vanished. Following medieval ascetics, modern philosophers like Kierkegaard, Martin Heidegger, and Jean-Paul Sartre cultivated and analyzed anxiety in an effort to embody authenticity. By considering premodern ascetics early existentialists and modern existentialists latter-day ascetics, the essay sees the long history of existential anxiety as an ascetic tradition built around the ethical goal of living better through dread.
Facing Wilde; or, Emotion's Image
Authors: Rives Rochelle
Published: January 2016

Oscar Wilde's face was simultaneously maligned and celebrated by the “sciences” of physiognomy in the nineteenth century and, after the trials of 1895, in depictions that link Wilde to a pathologically expressive personality type. Personality and modern vision converge in the subject of Wilde's face, and their relation is illuminated by recent debates about affects and the emotions as well as by the theories of visual modernity advanced by Charles Baudelaire, Max Beerbohm, and E. H. Gombrich and Ernst Kris . Whereas early caricatures of Wilde invest the image with a readable psychology or interior, later depictions maintain a fiction of readability linked to a purely physiological notion of abnormal personality.
Emotion in Motion: The Nāṭyashāstra, Darwin, and Affect Theory
Authors: Dharwadker Vinay
Published: January 2016

A work of classical Indian theory and practice, Bharata's Nāṭyashāstra offers a comprehensive account of emotion and of the production, communication, and reception of representations of it in dance, music, poetry, and theater. This essay examines remarkable points of convergence and divergence between the third-century Sanskrit text and three influential modern Euro-American accounts: Charles Darwin's mapping of involuntary expressions of emotion in human beings and animals, William James's aggregation of emotions in the stream of consciousness, and Sylvan Tomkins's atlas of primary affects that links neurobiology and cybernetics. My comparative analysis highlights the Nāṭyashāstra's contributions to our understanding of the connections of emotion to cognition, consciousness, and causality; of the combinatorial constitution of emotions; and of treatments of emotion in contemporary affect theory and performance theory. The essay concludes with an exploration of Bharata's and Aristotle's models of mimesis and of their mutual differences regarding the representation of emotion in the verbal and performing arts.
The Scandal of Insensibility; or, The Bartleby Problem
Authors: Lee Wendy Anne
Published: January 2016

Reviving Thomas Hobbes's definition of the passions as interior motions that originate action, this essay considers the case of insensibility: an absence of feeling that results in immobility. Embodying this lack of feeling is the figure of the insensible, whose signature nonresponsiveness provokes the most vehement emotions in others. Through readings of Hobbes's theories of resistance and contempt, Adam Smith's condemnation of impassivity, and Herman Melville's tale of an “unmoving” scrivener, I examine how insensibility challenges the model of emotions as causes, as accounts of how a moved body moves. Insensibility confuses distinctions between bad feeling and no feeling, agents and patients, living and dead. Finally, I argue for narrative's surprising dependence on the nonnarrative presence of the insensible, a subject that reaches back through the history of philosophy to Aristotle's unmoved mover, the first cause of the universe that makes all motion possible by not being subject to motion itself.
Posthuman Compassions
Authors: Arnould-Bloomfield Elisabeth
Published: January 2016

What happens when i watch a creature suffer or when i share in my dog's joy? what is the power of these emotions, what do they teach me about living with animals and engaging ethically with their differences? While these questions may still seem sentimental to some, they have become increasingly relevant to those who study animals. Emotions have made a remarkable comeback in recent animal literature and philosophy. Rehabilitated by a new wave of theorists, they have found their way into some of the most provocative contemporary reflections on animal ethics. Josephine Donovan, Jacques Derrida, Ralph Acampora, Donna Haraway, and others have all granted compassion theoretical pride of place. They share a critique of the rationalist bias of the justice-and-rights tradition and suggest that compassionate attention to animals is the “ground upon which theory about human treatment of animals should be constructed” (Donovan, “Attention” 174). For many such contemporary thinkers, then, compassion—a deeply affective way of sharing another's emotion—is the fundamental means of forging the ethical bond we have with nonhuman animals. Replacing the “calculable process” of current animal-rights theories with the emotional encounter of the other's living—and dying—reality, compassion offers a new understanding of responsibility and relationships (Wolfe, “Exposures” 19).
Feminist Politics of Emotions and Critical Digital Pedagogies: A Call to Action
Authors: Boler Megan
Published: January 2016

Emotions, and truths, are in crisis. in 2005, halfway through the stunning legacy of the bush-cheney-rumsfeld trifecta, stephen colbert kicked off the debut of The Colbert Report and his parodic critique of mendacious politicians and news outlets like Fox by popularizing the notion of “truthiness.” Welcome to the brave new world where felt truths replace facts! The concept of truthiness spread like wildfire, capturing the global zeitgeist. The public crisis of faith in traditionally trusted sources of authority reflects a profound skepticism experienced by many around the world besides discerning dissidents: all we are certain of is that truths proffered by governments, the media, and corporations are constructions (Boler, “Daily Show”; Boler with Turpin). But when we add to this mix the interests of corporate capitalism and science in designing citizens, can we even trust truthiness, what “I feel… to be true”? Or, as Samantha asks in the film Her, “Am I feeling these feelings? Are they mine? Or are they programmed?”
Learning from Blindness
Authors: Mounsey Chris
Published: January 2016

Only when my friend kevin said, in an aside to his wife i was not meant to hear, that i was still grieving for my loss of sight did i realize that I was and had been for the past seven years. When a friend or family member dies, it is an obvious time to grieve; when someone you love dies, you have to get on as best you can without them. But when you are confronted with a disability, it is as if a part of you has died, and the rest of you has to get on as best it can. Learning how to come to terms with the change in your day-to-day life disguises the need for grief. So, seven years on, let me give you an inkling of what happens when one of your senses dies. The metaphor of death (or perhaps it's not a metaphor) is convenient since it leads to a framework for my explanation. Elisabeth Kübler-Ross, in On Death and Dying, explored the ways we come to terms with death through five emotional stages: denial, anger, bargaining, depression, and acceptance.
Feasibility of Singapore IBA waste for land reclamation
Authors: Quek Augustine , Wu Dongqing , Xu Wenyu , Guo Lin
Published: January 2016

Bottom ash from municipal solid waste incineration plants represents an untapped resource in many countries. This paper examines both heavy metal leaching and undrained shear strength of using Singapore’s local incineration bottom ash (IBA) as land reclamation material. The IBA was mixed in various proportions (0–30%) with Singapore marine clay (MC) and an additive binder. The resultant materials were named MC-IBA matrices and were tested for shear strength and leached with seawater and ethanoic acid in separate tests to simulate possible scenarios in the environment. Shear strength tests showed that higher amounts of IBA resulted in higher strength values. Seawater percolation tests showed that heavy metals were not exchanged and mobile, except for cadmium, and only when the material contained a high proportion of IBA of at least 30%. Toxicity characteristic leaching procedure tests showed that the matrices could be considered non-hazardous material.
Laboratory study on impulse current characteristics of clay
Authors: Rao Pingping , Chen Qingsheng , Nimbalkar Sanjay , Liu Yang
Published: January 2016

Lightning is recognised as one of the most detrimental natural disasters. While numerous research studies were carried out on the lightning impulse characteristics of the grounding system and the critical breakdown characteristics of soil, little attention was paid to the impulse current characteristics of soils when lightning strikes. In this study, the performance of typical soft soil in Shanghai under the action of lightning is analyzed. Different factors, including the impulse current waveforms, the front time and half peak time of impulse current, the quantity of electric charge and absorption of unit heat, have been studied by performing a series of laboratory tests. The test results show that the variation of impulse current due to lightning strike is time dependent. The higher the soil temperature, the larger the peak impulse current produced during lightning strike. The value of the front time decreases exponentially, while the value of the half peak time decreases linearly with the rise of soil temperature. Novel empirical relationships between the impulse current characteristics of soil and soil temperature are proposed, with the aim of providing useful practical references for the design of a grounding system for lightning strikes.
The role of ground conditions on energy tunnels’ heat exchange
Authors: Di Donna Alice , Barla Marco
Published: January 2016

Geotechnical structures are increasingly employed, in Europe as all around the world, to exchange heat with the ground and supply thermal energy for heating and cooling of buildings and de-icing of infrastructure. Most current practical applications are related to energy piles and retaining walls, but some examples of energy tunnels have been proposed recently. With respect to building foundations, tunnels involve a larger volume of ground and surface for heat exchange. When mechanised tunnelling is used, tunnel lining segments can be equipped and optimised for heat exchange by including hydraulic circuits into the concrete. This paper deals with the use of a tunnel segmental lining for exploiting heat. Thermo-hydro finite-element analyses able to capture the key aspects of the problem are performed to investigate the heat exchange of the system under different underground scenarios. In particular, the influence of ground properties (hydraulic and thermal conductivities) and ground conditions (groundwater temperature and flow velocity) are investigated and discussed. Parametric analyses are employed to define design charts useful for the preliminary quantification of exploitable heat and the assessment of the applicability to different ground conditions.
‘Green’ surface treatment for water-repellent cotton fabrics
Authors: Zhong Yidong , Netravali Anil N.
Published: January 2016

An environment-friendly ‘green’ method to obtain water-repellent (hydrophobic) cotton fabrics has been developed. Aliphatic fatty chains were grafted onto cotton (cellulose) fiber surface to decrease the surface energy and, thus, obtain water repellency. A benign accelerator was used to facilitate the reaction between fatty acids and cellulosic hydroxyl groups. Microwave heating, an energy-efficient method, was used to reach the reaction temperature. Fatty anhydride, considered to have a higher reactivity than fatty acids, was initially prepared. This process was monitored using high-performance liquid chromatography and attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) techniques. The effects of fatty acid chain length as well as microwave heating parameters on the hydrophobicity of the cotton fabrics were studied. The resulting hydrophobic cotton fabrics were characterized by water contact angle, laundry durability test, tensile test, and ATR-FTIR spectroscopy. The green method developed here resulted in a hydrophobic cotton fabric with a water contact angle of over 137° (± 3°). Further, the hydrophobicity was shown to be permanent and lasted for 37 cycles of laboratory laundry washes (equivalent to over 185 regular washes). ATR-FTIR results confirmed the grafting of fatty acids on cotton fabrics.