bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Preclinical efficacy of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway inhibitor BC2059 for the treatment of desmoid tumors
Authors: Braggio Danielle Almeida , Costas C. de Faria Fernanda , Koller David , Jin Feng , Zewdu Abeba , Lopez Gonzalo , Batte Kara , Casadei Lucia , Welliver Meng , Horrigan Stephen K. , Han Ruolan , Larson Jeffrey L. , Strohecker Anne M. , Pollock Raphael E.
Published: October 2022

Mutation in the CTNNB1 gene, leading to a deregulation of the WTN/β-catenin pathway, is a common feature of desmoid tumors (DTs). Many β-catenin inhibitors have recently been tested in clinical studies; however, BC2059 (also referred as Tegavivint), a selective inhibitor of nuclear β-catenin that works through binding TBL-1, is the only one being evaluated in a clinical study, specifically for treatment of desmoid tumor patients. Preclinical studies on BC2059 have shown activity in multiple myeloma, acute myeloid leukemia and osteosarcoma. Our preclinical studies provide data on the efficacy of BC2059 in desmoid cell lines, which could help provide insight regarding antitumor activity of this therapy in desmoid tumor patients. In vitro activity of BC2059 was evaluated using desmoid tumor cell lines. Ex vivo activity of BC2059 was assessed using an explant tissue culture model. Pharmacological inhibition of the nuclear β-catenin activity using BC2059 markedly inhibited cell viability, migration and invasion of mutated DT cells, but with lower effect on wild-type DTs. The decrease in cell viability of mutated DT cells caused by BC2059 was due to apoptosis. Treatment with BC2059 led to a reduction of β-catenin-associated TBL1 in all mutated DT cells, resulting in a reduction of nuclear β-catenin. mRNA and protein levels of AXIN2, a β-catenin target gene, were also found to be downregulated after BC2059 treatment. Taken together, our results demonstrate that nuclear β-catenin inhibition using BC2059 may be a novel therapeutic strategy for desmoid tumor treatment, especially in patients with CTNNB1 mutation.
Machine learning outperformed logistic regression classification even with limit sample size: A model to predict pediatric HIV mortality and clinical progression to AIDS
Authors: Domínguez-Rodríguez Sara , Serna-Pascual Miquel , Oletto Andrea , Barnabas Shaun , Zuidewind Peter , Dobbels Els , Danaviah Siva , Behuhuma Osee , Lain Maria Grazia , Vaz Paula , Fernández-Luis Sheila , Nhampossa Tacilta , Lopez-Varela Elisa , Otwombe Kennedy , Liberty Afaaf , Violari Avy , Maiga Almoustapha Issiaka , Rossi Paolo , Giaquinto Carlo , Kuhn Louise , Rojo Pablo , Tagarro Alfredo ,   on behalf of EPIICAL Consortium
Published: October 2022

Logistic regression (LR) is the most common prediction model in medicine. In recent years, supervised machine learning (ML) methods have gained popularity. However, there are many concerns about ML utility for small sample sizes. In this study, we aim to compare the performance of 7 algorithms in the prediction of 1-year mortality and clinical progression to AIDS in a small cohort of infants living with HIV from South Africa and Mozambique. The data set (n = 100) was randomly split into 70% training and 30% validation set. Seven algorithms (LR, Random Forest (RF), Support Vector Machine (SVM), K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN), Naïve Bayes (NB), Artificial Neural Network (ANN), and Elastic Net) were compared. The variables included as predictors were the same across the models including sociodemographic, virologic, immunologic, and maternal status features. For each of the models, a parameter tuning was performed to select the best-performing hyperparameters using 5 times repeated 10-fold cross-validation. A confusion-matrix was built to assess their accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity. RF ranked as the best algorithm in terms of accuracy (82,8%), sensitivity (78%), and AUC (0,73). Regarding specificity and sensitivity, RF showed better performance than the other algorithms in the external validation and the highest AUC. LR showed lower performance compared with RF, SVM, or KNN. The outcome of children living with perinatally acquired HIV can be predicted with considerable accuracy using ML algorithms. Better models would benefit less specialized staff in limited resources countries to improve prompt referral in case of high-risk clinical progression.
The effect of breast cancer surgery on spine alignment: Whole-spine radiograph analysis
Authors: Nam Kyung Eun , Kim Inah , Park Hae-Yeon , Lee Jong In
Published: October 2022

Breast cancer survivors may experience spinal deformity following breast cancer surgery. This study investigated the long-term effects of breast cancer surgery on whole-spine alignment. This retrospective study included 200 patients who underwent breast cancer surgery and ≥2 anteroposterior standing whole-spine X-rays. The curvature of the spine was measured using the Cobb angle; changes in Cobb angle between X-rays were compared among three groups according to breast cancer surgery type. The mean interval between initial and follow-up X-ray was 28.46 ± 13.39 months. The change in Cobb angle was 0.40 ± 1.65 degrees and the absolute value of that change was 1.25 ± 1.15 degrees in all patients with breast cancer. There were no significant differences in angular change among groups according to breast cancer surgery type. Most patients showed minimal changes in spinal alignment after breast cancer surgery. Our findings indicate that breast cancer surgery does not negatively affect spinal alignment.
Proportion of stroke types in Madagascar: A tertiary-level hospital-based case series
Authors: Riedmann Julia , Solonavalona Andriamihaja Flavien , Rakotozafy Adriamboahanginiaina Ravosoa , Ralamboson Solofo , Endres Matthias , Siegerink Bob , Siebert Eberhard , Knauss Samuel , Emmrich Julius Valentin
Published: October 2022

Background

Like other countries in sub-Saharan Africa, Madagascar has a high burden of stroke. The Malagasy population is unique in sharing both African and Asian ancestry. The proportion of ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke types is unknown for this population.

Aim

Our aim was to establish the proportion of stroke types and known risk factors for the Malagasy population.

Methods

We conducted a single-center, tertiary-level hospital-based case series. We included all patients with a CT-imaging confirmed stroke who presented at the emergency ward of the study hospital between January 1, 2017, and November 20, 2018.

Results

Of 223 patients with CT-confirmed stroke, 57.4% (128/223, 95% CI: 51–64%) had an ischemic stroke and 42.6% (95/223, 95% CI: 36–49%) had an intracranial hemorrhage. The majority (89.5%; 85/95, 95% CI: 83–96%) of intracranial hemorrhages were intracerebral; 4.2% (4/95, 95% CI: 0–8%) had a subdural hematoma, 5.3% (5/95, 95% CI: 1–10%) had a subarachnoid hemorrhage, there was one isolated intraventricular hemorrhage (1.1%; 1/95, 95% CI: -1-3%). The prevalence of hypertension among stroke patients was high (86.6%; 187/216, 95% CI: 82–91%).

Conclusions

Our study is the first to report the proportion of stroke types and known risk factors in Madagascar. We find that the proportion of hemorrhagic strokes was unexpectedly higher than that reported from other countries in sub-Saharan Africa. Our findings highlight the need for a country-specific approach to stroke prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation and provide guidance on public health resource allocation in Madagascar.
Prevalence of hepatitis B virus and immunity status among healthcare workers in Beira City, Mozambique
Authors: Mabunda Nédio , Vieira Lúcia , Chelene Imelda , Maueia Cremildo , Zicai Ana Flora , Duajá Ana , Chale Falume , Chambal Lúcia , Vubil Adolfo , Augusto Orvalho
Published: October 2022

Background

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection can be prevented by vaccination. Exposure to blood or body fluids poses a high risk of transmission of HBV in health care workers (HCWs). This study aimed to determine the prevalence of markers of exposure, susceptibility, and protection to HBV infection in HCWs in Beira, Mozambique.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted between June and August 2020 in Beira City, Mozambique, in HCWs based on self-administered questionnaires and blood samples. Plasma samples were tested for HBV surface antigen (HBsAg), antibodies to HBV core antigen (anti-HBc), antibodies to HBsAg (anti-HBs) and HBV viral load (HBV DNA).

Results

Most of the 315 HCWs in the study were nurses (125; 39.7%). Of the HCWs, 5.1% (16; 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 2.9 to 8.1%) were infected by HBV (HBsAg and/or HBV DNA positive). Occult HBV infection (OBI) (HBV DNA positive and HBsAg negative) was found in 0.3% (1; 95% CI: 0.0 to 1.8%) of participants; 27.9% (88; 95% CI: 23.1 to 33.2%) were susceptible (negative for all markers), 6.3% (20; 95% CI: 3.9 to 9.6) were immune due to natural infection (anti-HBs and anti-HBc positive only), while 60% (189; 95% CI: 54.4 to 65.5) were immune due to vaccination (anti-HBs positive only).

Conclusion

This study showed a high intermediate prevalence of chronic hepatitis B among healthcare workers in Beira City, Central Mozambique, and one-third of healthcare workers were susceptible to HBV infection. There is a need to implement a national hepatitis B screening and vaccination strategy among healthcare workers in Mozambique.
TLR2 axis on peripheral blood mononuclear cells regulates inflammatory responses to non-infectious immature dengue virus particles
Authors: Aguilar Briseño José Alberto , Ramos Pereira Lennon , van der Laan Marleen , Pauzuolis Mindaugas , ter Ellen Bram M. , Upasani Vinit , Moser Jill , de Souza Ferreira Luís Carlos , Smit Jolanda M. , Rodenhuis-Zybert Izabela A.
Published: October 2022

Severe dengue virus (DENV) infection is characterized by exacerbated inflammatory responses that lead to endothelial dysfunction and plasma leakage. We have recently demonstrated that Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) on blood monocytes senses DENV infection leading to endothelial activation. Here, we report that non-infectious immature DENV particles, which are released in large numbers by DENV-infected cells, drive endothelial activation via the TLR2 axis. We show that fully immature DENV particles induce a rapid, within 6 hours post-infection, inflammatory response in PBMCs. Furthermore, pharmacological blocking of TLR2/TLR6/CD14 and/or NF-kB prior to exposure of PBMCs to immature DENV reduces the initial production of inter alia TNF-α and IL-1β by monocytes and prevents endothelial activation. However, prolonged TLR2 block induces TNF-α production and leads to exacerbated endothelial activation, indicating that TLR2-mediated responses play an important role not only in the initiation but also the resolution of inflammation. Altogether, these data indicate that the maturation status of the virus has the potential to influence the kinetics and extent of inflammatory responses during DENV infection.
An introduction to the Marburg virus vaccine consortium, MARVAC
Authors: Cross Robert W. , Longini Ira M. , Becker Stephan , Bok Karin , Boucher David , Carroll Miles W. , Díaz Janet V. , Dowling William E. , Draghia-Akli Ruxandra , Duworko James T. , Dye John M. , Egan Michael A. , Fast Patricia , Finan Amy , Finch Courtney , Fleming Thomas R. , Fusco Joan , Geisbert Thomas W. , Griffiths Anthony , Günther Stephan , Hensley Lisa E. , Honko Anna , Hunegnaw Ruth , Jakubik Jocelyn , Ledgerwood Julie , Luhn Kerstin , Matassov Demetrius , Meshulam Jeffrey , Nelson Emily V. , Parks Christopher L. , Rustomjee Roxana , Safronetz David , Schwartz Lauren M. , Smith Dean , Smock Paul , Sow Ydrissa , Spiropoulou Christina F. , Sullivan Nancy J. , Warfield Kelly L. , Wolfe Daniel , Woolsey Courtney , Zahn Roland , Henao-Restrepo Ana María , Muñoz-Fontela César , Marzi Andrea
Published: October 2022

The emergence of Marburg virus (MARV) in Guinea and Ghana triggered the assembly of the MARV vaccine “MARVAC” consortium representing leaders in the field of vaccine research and development aiming to facilitate a rapid response to this infectious disease threat. Here, we discuss current progress, challenges, and future directions for MARV vaccines.
Outsourced justice: The case of the Facebook Oversight Board
Authors: Neuvonen Riku , Sirkkunen Esa
Published: October 2022

In this article, we explore the possibilities for the self-regulation of online platforms, here by using Facebook’s Oversight Board (OB) as an example. First, we analyse and systematize how the OB fits in the mosaic of internet regulation. Our analysis shows that the OB has tried to lay the foundation for global self-regulation, but because of its limited jurisdiction and indicative nature, it falls short of becoming a real ‘supreme court’ of Facebook. In addition, although the OB is a positive attempt to deal with many problems, it does not seem to be able to process enough cases, relies on idiosyncratic standards instead of general rules and principles and has problems deciding which human rights principles it should follow. Additionally, the OB is not compatible with the Digital Services Act (DSA) of the European Union or with the recent initiatives for social media councils.
Purgatory islands and climate death-worlds: Interrogating the journalistic imperative to witness the climate crisis through the lens of war
Authors: Morris Hanna E.
Published: October 2022

In this article, I examine and critique how the current and predicted future impacts of climate change are often reported on through the aesthetics and discourse of war. I argue that the journalistic imperative to witness climate change is important to consider here. Indeed, news images and descriptive accounts of climate change are often privileged for their evidentiary value according to a very strict set of visual criteria shaped by an established definition of what violence and war look like. Through a multimodal analysis of news coverage of the aftermath of Hurricane María across prominent US news magazines, I examine what constitutes compelling evidence of climate change, why and to what end in terms of the types of responses featured and proposed by journalists. Ultimately, my analysis reveals how Puerto Rico is demarcated as a ‘death-world’ across publications, effectively casting Puerto Rico as a ‘purgatory island’ dependent on the help of the United States represented as a saviour.
Risk factors of Bartonella spp. infection and the association between Bartonella spp. and T-lymphocyte subset alteration in asymptomatic retrovirus-infected cats in Bangkok Metropolitan, Thailand
Authors: Boonaramrueng Krissda , Techakriengkrai Navapon , Rodkhum Channarong , Pusoonthornthum Rosama
Published: October 2022

Background and Aim: Cats are a reservoir for Bartonella spp. infection in humans. Human bartonellosis causes disseminated inflammation to develop in immunocompromised patients, such as those infected with human immunodeficiency virus. However, the associated risks of Bartonella spp. infection in immunocompromised retroviral-infected cats have been inconclusive. This study aimed to evaluate the associated risks of Bartonella spp. infection with the alteration of T-lymphocyte subsets of retroviral-infected cats.

Materials and Methods: We collected blood samples from 161 client-owned cats at veterinary clinics and hospitals throughout the Bangkok Metropolitan area from 2017 to 2020. The samples underwent hematological biochemical tests, feline retroviral status evaluation, Bartonella spp. polymerase chain reaction assay, immunofluorescence assay, and CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocyte counts. Risk factors associated with Bartonella spp. infection were determined by odds ratio (OR). Hematological and biochemical parameters were compared using independent t-tests. CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocyte counts and the CD4+/CD8+ ratio were compared among groups classified according to their retroviral and Bartonella spp. infection status.

Results: The prevalence of Bartonella spp. in our study cohort was 16.1%, and the seroprevalence was 94.9%. Cats aged >1 year were at a higher risk of seropositivity than cats aged <1 year (OR: 4.296, 95% confidence interval: 1.010–18.275). The CD8+ percentage was significantly higher in seropositive cats (p = 0.026). There was a significant reduction in the CD4+/CD8+ ratio between cats negative for both retrovirus and Bartonella spp. infection and cats with concurrent retrovirus and Bartonella spp. infection (p = 0.041).

Conclusion: In endemic countries or areas, cat owners must be made aware of the risk of exposure to Bartonella spp. due to the high rate of bacteremia and seroprevalence. Retrovirus-infected cats with concurrent Bartonella spp. infection also showed a significant, inverted CD4+/CD8+ ratio, which may be used as a novel marker in bartonellosis. Similar studies focusing on the different stages of retrovirus infection should be undertaken further to elucidate the effect of retrovirus infection on Bartonella spp. infection.
Early Childhood Teachers’ Core Competency in the era of Artificial Intelligence
Authors:   Center For Educational Research, Kim Min-Jung
Published: October 2022

Purpose: Currently, the world is experiencing revolutionary changes in every aspect of social,economic, and cultural sides as it is shifting from the time of the 4th industrial revolution to the era of artificial intelligence. The need to re-evaluate the role of teachers in providing appropriate education and support to children who will be living in the age of artificial intelligence as the main subjects is raised.
Methods: In this article, the desired images and core competencies of early childhood teachers have been reconstructed through a literature review.
Results: The eight competencies were as follows; “professional emotionality, passion, ethics, curriculum execution, communication-based collaboration skills, extended sense of community, artificial intelligence literacy, and reflective thinking.” The images of teachers equipped with all of the above competencies were categorized into four branches, ‘teachers with healthy character qualities, teachers with practical knowledges, teachers with solidarity and execution skills, and teachers with innovative perspectives.’
Conclusion: The eight core competencies necessary for the era of artificial intelligence should be considered along with the practical issues early childhood education is facing: the continuity of education between pre-kindergarten, kindergarten, and elementary school, the integration of public and private kindergartens, curriculum, and restructuring of curriculums for teacher training institution, and other areas. By examining the images and core competencies of early childhood teachers in the era of artificial intelligence, we hope to contribute to the establishment of a clear direction for teachers to hold fast even in times of uncertainty.
Study on Ways for Restructuring the National Curriculum Development System: Following the Launch of the National Board of Education
Authors:   Center For Educational Research, Park Namjung
Published: October 2022

Purpose: This study examined ‘ways’ of restructuring the national curriculum development system after the launch of the National Board of Education, by comparing and analyzing both of the procedures in the ‘2015 Revised Curriculum’ and the new national curriculum predicted by the enforcement of the ‘National Board of Education Act’.
Methods: This study comprehensively analyzed the‘National Board of Education Act’ with its implementing ordinances and related research reports.
Results: The study restructured the steps as [initiation-R&D-proposal review-notification-evaluation]for revising the national curriculum, which should be carried out by the National Board of Education and proposed ‘student/faculty/general citizen participation’, ‘evaluation-based feedback circulation’ and‘cooperation for learner growth support’ as the ways for the national curriculum development system.
Conclusion: It was confirmed that this structure was required where the various subjects involved participated in each revision step directly or indirectly, in order to solve various problems, discerned thtough the educational perspectives, raised during the revision process of the national curriculum.
Reconceptualization of Concept-Based Inquiry in Creativity Education: focusing on Bruner’s narrative
Authors:   Center For Educational Research, Noh Jin-Gyu , Kang Hyeon-Suk
Published: October 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to reconceptualize concept-based inquiry in creativity education based on Bruner's narrative.
Methods: This study discusses the reconceptualization of narrative-based, concept-based inquiry learning in creativity education using ampliative criticism, which is one of Short's (1991) philosophical inquiry methods. The ampliative criticism was integrally discussed in accordance with syntopical reading.
Results: Concept-based inquiry promotes students' authentic understanding based on concept, inquiry and questions. Moreover the progress of the students' concept formation is similar to creating meaning through narrative and applying it to life. Therefore, this study reconceptualizes Bruner's narrative as a student's concept inquiry process.
Conclusion: As a result, narrative-based, and concept-based inquiry-learning suggested the possibility of narrative thinking, narrative schema, and narrative self. Also, Bruner's narrative is an important means for exploring creativity education.
Field suitability survey of Korean textbooks for the first and second grade cluster of elementary school
Authors:   Center For Educational Research, Lee Kyong-Hwa , Choi Jongyoon
Published: October 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore the field suitability of Korean textbooks for the 1st and 2nd graders that were developed according to the 2015 revised curriculum.
Methods: Field suitability was investigated for teachers and students using a questionnaire and interviews developed for this study.
Results: Overall satisfaction with the Korean language and Korean language activity textbooks was high. However, it was determined that it was necessary to supplement the interests of sanctions, the level of learning activities, the appropriate amount of textbook learning, and the reinforcement of learning Korean language in consideration of the needs of the field. In addition, among the teacher education functions of textbooks, training in the Korean language instruction method, learner-centered class innovation, and teacher curriculum development ability development functions should be supplemented.
Conclusion: In order to increase the field suitability of Korean textbooks in the first and second grades of elementary school, it is necessary to establish a clear relationship between the Korean language and Korean language textbooks, to strengthen the sanctions interest, and to supplement the level of learning activities that take students' interests into consideration. It is hoped that the results of this study will be of help with the development of new Korean textbooks.
A Study Regarding Literature based English Teaching and Learning Using Graphic Organizers
Authors:   Center For Educational Research, Lee Hyun-Hee
Published: October 2022

Purpose: Given that the affective side of language learning contributes in a significant way to enriching learners’ language learning, this study aimed to integrate English literature into graphic organizers. The purpose of this study was to apply and investigate how incorporating graphic organizers affected the students.
Methods: An examination of the Literature based English Teaching and Learning Using Graphic Organizers was mainly focused on the English story The Gift of the Magi. Different kinds of graphic organizers as major materials were applied. There were seven graphic organizers in a study on Literature based English Teaching and Learning Using Graphic Organizers. The first step was the formation of a Cluster diagram, the second was a Vocabulary graphic organizer, the third was a Star diagram,the fourth was a Problem-solving organizer, the fifth was a Sequence chart, the sixth was a Story map and the last step was creating a graphic organizer.
Results: This study was based on students' self-evaluations, teacher's observations including such factors as students' attitudes, self-confidence in English and the development of English competency. Graphic organizers such as Literature based English Teaching and Learning are efficient and interesting materials for students' understanding of literary elements.
Conclusion: It is useful to understand the theme of the story, various characters, the setting, and the plot of the story. English teaching and learning using graphic organizers can be highly effective in helping students to improve their English skills and to lead to self-directed English learning.
A Study regarding the Re-modeling Competency and Training Needs Assessment of University Staff
Authors:   Center For Educational Research, Lee Chan , Lim Woo Sup , Kim Chae Rin , Han Jin Gyu
Published: October 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to redefine a competency model for each rank of a university’s staff and to assess the training needs of each competency in the Digital Transformation era.
Methods: To redefine a competency model, a six-step procedure was designed using a modified generic model overlay method developed by Dubois(1993). A literature review and extant interviews were executed to design roles, responsibilities, and competency structures of each rank. Research team workshops and expert workshops were also conducted to derive a competency model draft which included competency definitions and behavior indicators. Following this, the Delphi method was conducted to secure the validity of the derived model. To assess training needs for university staff, each rank’s competencies and common competencies were utilized.
Results: As a result, twenty-five competencies by rank and five common competencies were confirmed. Five common competencies were problem solving, communication, digital literacy, business planning,and documentation. With the assessment of training needs, the highest competencies for each rank were derived. The derived competencies are as follows from the highest rank to common competency:Strategic thinking, vision suggestion/organizational management/conflict and management/creative thinking/responsibility/problem solving.
Conclusion: In order to increase the work efficiency and the competitiveness of university staff,universities need to reform their job structure based on the competencies and should implement talent transformation for the Digital Transformation era.
A Corpus-Based Diachronic Investigation of the What About and How About Constructions
Authors:   The Society Of Modern Grammar, Kim Jungsoo
Published: October 2022

Jungsoo Kim. 2022. A Corpus-Based Diachronic Investigation of the What About and How About Constructions. Studies in Modern Grammar 115, 77-117. This paper examines diachronic development patterns of the what about and how about constructions in American English, making use of authentic corpus data. Irregular wh-question constructions including the two, in general, have received much less attention than regular wh-question constructions and empirical studies on irregular wh-questions are scarce. In addition, previous literature has mainly focused on the similarities of the two constructions and has never discussed their diachronic development patterns. The findings of this corpus-based study show that the two constructions have undergone rather different development patterns for the past 200 years in American English. In particular, a fine-grained analysis of the diachronic development patterns of the two constructions based on their dependent categories reveals that it is worth investigating their diachronic properties about their preferred subtypes and illocutionary functions for each dependent category and that superficially similar distribution patterns indeed are statistically significantly different in most comparisons.
Artificial intelligence models for the diagnosis and management of liver diseases
Authors: Nishida Naoshi , Kudo Masatoshi
Published: October 2022

With the development of more advanced methods for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases, the data required for medical care are becoming complex, and misinterpretation of information due to human error may result in serious consequences. Human error can be avoided with the support of artificial intelligence (AI). AI models trained with various medical data for diagnosis and management of liver diseases have been applied to hepatitis, fatty liver disease, liver cirrhosis, and liver cancer. Some of these models have been reported to outperform human experts in terms of performance, indicating their potential for supporting clinical practice given their high-speed output. This paper summarizes the recent advances in AI for liver disease and introduces the AI-aided diagnosis of liver tumors using B-mode ultrasonography.
Seatbelt impact on a child during a frontal collision
Authors: Żuchowski Andrzej
Published: October 2022

Na podstawie wyników testów zderzeniowych siedmiu samochodów przeanalizowano obciążenia manekina Hybrid III, reprezentującego dziecko w wieku około 10 lat. Manekiny podczas badań zapięte były za pomocą standardowego pasa bezpieczeństwa, przy czym siedziały na podstawce podwyższającej z oparciem lub bez oparcia oraz bezpośrednio na tylnej kanapie samochodu. Wskazano różnice, spowodowane rodzajem zastosowanego urządzenia ochronnego, w oddziaływaniu pasa bezpieczeństwa na dziecko. Wykorzystano wyniki testów zderzeniowych udostępnione w Internecie przez National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (USA), w których samochód jadący z prędkością około 56 km/h uderzał czołowo w sztywną, płaską barierę. Pokazano relacje pomiędzy obciążeniami głowy, szyi, klatki piersiowej i miednicy manekina a siłą działającą na pas bezpieczeństwa. Zwrócono uwagę, że dziecko bez podstawki podwyższającej wysuwa się spod pasa bezpieczeństwa, który może powodować obrażenia brzucha i szyi dziecka. Rozważono, czy ugięcie klatki piersiowej może być ograniczone przez częściowe przeniesienie obciążenia od pasa z żeber na bark manekina.
Influence of impact angle and humidity on TB11 virtual crash tests for SP-05/2 road safety barrier
Authors: Nycz Daniel
Published: October 2022

W pracy przedstawiono badania numeryczne wpływu wybranych czynników, tj. kąta zderzenia oraz suchej/mokrej nawierzchni drogi i pobocza, na przebieg wirtualnego testu zderzeniowego TB11. Testy dotyczą bariery klasy N2-W4-A w łuku poziomym wklęsłym o promieniu 150 m, uderzanej samochodem Geo Metro pod kątem 20°. Nakładka jest łatwa w montażu, bez ingerencji w barierę stalową, poprzez mocowanie za pomocą łączników śrubowych z prostokątnymi podkładkami gumowymi, w wolnych otworach prowadnicy. Obliczenia numeryczne przeprowadzono w środowisku LS-Dyna, wykorzystując model pojazdu Geo Metro zaczerpnięty ze strony NCAC i odpowiednio zmodyfikowany. Analizą objęto parametry jakościowe i ilościowe określające testy zderzeniowe, zgodnie z normami PN-EN 1317-1:2010 i PN-EN 1317-2:2010. Zaprojektowana nakładka kompozytowo-pianowa zapewnia przyjęcie wirtualnych testów zderzeniowych dla normowego kąta zderzenia, w warunkach suchych i mokrych. Wpływ kąta zderzenia na przebieg testu zderzeniowego jest złożony. Zwiększenie kąta do 30° może prowadzić do niespełnienia warunku wyprowadzenia pojazdu na jezdnię.
Assessment of the correctness of taking LPG samples from a dispenser pursuant to Company Standard ZN/MG/CN-18:2007, based on proficiency testing
Authors: Bukrejewski Paweł , Skolniak Marta , Grzeszczyk Małgorzata
Published: October 2022

Pobieranie próbek jest bardzo istotnym etapem w procesie przygotowania reprezentatywnego materiału do badań i uzyskania miarodajnego wyniku. Laboratoria, które chcą zapewnić wysoką jakość oferowanych przez siebie usług, powinny monitorować uzyskiwane wyniki na tle innych renomowanych laboratoriów świadczących podobne usługi. W tym celu doskonałym narzędziem są badania biegłości umożliwiające potwierdzenie kompetencji laboratoriów do wykonywania badań i/lub pobierania próbek. Przemysłowy Instytut Motoryzacji, jako wiodąca jednostka badająca w Polsce jakość gazu propan – butan stosowanego jako paliwo, zorganizował badania biegłości pobierania LPG z odmierzacza stacji paliw. Uczestnikami były laboratoria świadczące usługi w podobnym zakresie. Uczestnicy pobierali próbki i przesyłali je do organizatora celem wykonania badań i sprawdzenia sposobu pobierania gazu LPG.W artykule opisano znaczenie pobierania próbek oraz uczestnictwa w badaniach biegłości z zakresu pobierania skroplonego gazu propan – butan, omówiono sposób przygotowania reprezentatywnego materiału badawczego, weryfikacji jednorodności i stabilności partii oraz omówiono podejście do badań biegłości z zakresu pobierania LPG z odmierzacza. W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań biegłości uzyskane od uczestników i dokonano ich omówienia oraz analizy.
Methods of analysis and evaluation of electromagnetic radiation during tests of electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) of motor vehicles, in particular electrically driven
Authors: Burliński Robert , Łukjanow Sławomir
Published: October 2022

W artykule zostały omówione wymagania kompatybilności elektromagnetycznej (EMC) dla pojazdów i urządzeń samochodowych oraz metody badań promieniowania elektromagnetycznego (PEM) w oparciu o dokumenty normatywne stanowiące podstawę dopuszczenia do produkcji i ruchu (homologacja) danego pojazdu. Dokumentami tymi są Regulamin nr 10 EKG ONZ oraz Dyrektywa 72/245/EWG. Dla oceny PEM pojazdów zostały zaproponowane i opisane trzy grupy metod: liniowe, polowe i estymacji parametrów. Na podstawie przeprowadzonych w PIMOT badań kilku samochodów elektrycznych w zakresie PEM przeprowadzono analizę i ocenę wg wybranych metod. Do analizy i obliczeń wykorzystano następujące pojazdy: OPEL Ampera, RENAULT Fluence, CITROEN C-Zero i MEGA e-City. Przeprowadzona analiza i obliczenia wykazały dużą zbieżność przydatności zaproponowanych metod oceny PEM pojazdów samochodowych. Zapewnienie wysokich jakościowo parametrów wpływających na ocenę, w tym przede wszystkim promieniowania elektromagnetycznego (PEM) ma wpływ nie tylko na poprawne działanie pojazdu, szczególnie EV, ale też na zdrowie przebywających wewnątrz: kierowcy i pasażerów. Wyniki pracy mogą być wykorzystane i rozpowszechniane szczególnie przez konstruktorów i badaczy pojazdów samochodowych, zwłaszcza EV, w których występują duże ilości systemów i modułów elektronicznych. Ze względu na objętość materiału praca została podzielona na dwie części. W pierwszej części opisano wymagania i metody badań EMC pojazdów samochodowych. W drugiej dokonano analiza promieniowania elektromagnetycznego wybranych pojazdów elektrycznych – EV.
Monitoring of the technical condition of semi-trailer trucks
Authors: Kravchenko Alexandr , Kravchenko Kateryna
Published: October 2022

The article presents results of the reliability study of controlled groups of vehicles possessed by two road transport enterprises working in the international transport sector (truck tractors – VOLVO FH 1242Т – 50 unit and MERCEDES-BENZ 1844 ACTROS LS -100 units, semi-trailers SCHMITZ, KRONE and KÖGEL – 50 units from each of the semi-trailers company). Possibilities for reliability increasing and reduction of the maintenance and repair cost are defined. The results of the reliability evaluation of vehicles during three years of operation with a different annual run (from brand new up to 440·103 km, including warranty period) are presented. Based on the conducted studies of failures and details malfunctions, units and systems of the vehicles, the average operating time to failure or occurrence of malfunctioning, the probability of failure-free operation, and the time spent on repairs were determined. Asymmetric graphs of working capacity disturbance were obtained, which allowed determining the level of const uction design perfection, the technological accuracy of equipment assembly and the quality of fastening works. The inadequate adaptability to operate on the roads of the CIS was reflected by symmetric distribution laws. The least reliable aggregate and assembly elements were identified.
Evaluating The Opinions of Classroom Teachers Assigned in the Training Program in Primary Schools (IYEP)
Authors: POLATLI Burçin , BÜYÜKŞAHİN Yasemin
Published: October 2022

The purpose of this study is to evaluate IYEP, which has been implemented throughout the country since the academic year of 2018-2019, based on the opinions of teachers. The sample of the study, which was planned as qualitative research and conducted in case study design, consisted of 10 classroom teachers who worked in the province of Bartın and implemented the program during 2019-2020 academic year. The data were collected using a semi-structured interview form and analyzed through the content analysis method. The findings have revealed that the classroom teachers participating in the study think that the program has had a positive effect on student achievement and especially helped students participate in classroom activities, gain self-confidence and feel the sense of achievement more, which supported students’ self-improvement. The general problems of the process indicated by the teachers are problems arising from the implementation hour on weekdays, arrival and departure times of commuting students, inadequate information of parents about the program, common instruction for students with different levels, problems in meeting nutritional needs of students especially during the courses on weekdays, and teachers’ lack of knowledge about the student. Furthermore, the suggestions for the development of the program include organizing IYEP introductory events for teachers, parents and students at the beginning of the academic year, starting the program from the 2nd grade and continuing throughout the primary school education, separating the activity books as modular books and diversifying the materials, reducing the number of students in the classrooms and focusing on individual studies, planning the program in a way that includes transportation at the weekend, creating more homogeneous classes, and carrying out more studies for the psychosocial support dimension of the program.
The relationship between critical thinking and problem solving: A meta-analysis with correlational studies
Authors: ORHAN Ali
Published: October 2022

This study aimed to investigate the relationship (direction and magnitude) between critical thinking and problem solving by combining the results of the studies carried out between 01.01.2015-30.11.2020 via meta-analysis. In this study, which is a meta-analysis study, PRISMA guidelines proposed by Moher et al. (2009) were followed. The studies obtained after searching the relevant literature through some electronic databases using search patterns were reviewed by two researchers in terms of inclusion criteria and 43 studies were included. Since more than one data were shared in some of these studies, meta-analysis was carried out with 49 data. The mean effect size of the relationship between critical thinking and problem solving was 0.483 under random effects model which indicated that there was a medium relationship between critical thinking and problem solving. This effect size did not differ according to sub-groups of region, critical thinking type, level of schooling, discipline and publication type. The results obtained in this study are confirmed by theoretical background regarding critical thinking and problem solving and previous studies.
Evaluation of prognostic markers in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Mandal Dipendra Kumar , Chhusyabaga Mandira , Pokhrel Sushant , Bhattarai Bibek Raj , Aryal Suraj , Nepal Richa , Bastola Anup , Baral Soma Kanta , Bhatt Mahendra Prasad , Marahatta Sujan Babu , Sah Shiv Kumar
Published: October 2022

Prognostic markers are the biomarkers used to measure the disease progression and patient outcome regardless of treatment in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This study aimed to analyze laboratory parameters as prognostic markers for the early identification of disease severity. In this study, 165 patients attending Sukraraj Tropical and Infectious Disease Hospital with COVID-19 were enrolled and divided into severe and non-severe groups. The demographic data, underlying co-morbidities, and laboratory findings were analyzed and compared between severe and non-severe cases. The correlation between the disease criticality and laboratory parameters was analyzed. Cut-off values of parameters for severe patients were speculated through the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve, and regression analysis was performed to determine the risk factors. Patients with severe COVID-19 infection had significantly higher absolute neutrophil count, neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet–lymphocyte ratio (PLR), ferritin, positive carbohydrate reactive protein (CRP), glucose, urea, creatinine, and aspartate aminotransferase, while lower absolute lymphocyte count, absolute eosinophil count (AEC), and red blood cell count in comparison to non-severe infection. ROC analysis gave a cut-off value (sensitivity, specificity) of age, AEC, NLR, PLR, and ferritin as 47.5 years (70.2, 64.7%), 335 cells/mm3 (74, 67%) 3.3 (68.4, 63.7%), 129 (77.2, 51%), and 241 ng/mL (74.0%, 65.0%) respectively. Risk factor analysis showed higher age, low AEC, high ferritin, and positive CRP as independent risk factors associated with severe COVID-19 infection. Hematological and inflammatory markers, including novel NLR and PLR, should be assessed to aid clinicians in the early identification of severe cases, prioritization of cases, and effective management to decrease the mortality of COVID-19 patients.
A study of a nonlinear Riemann–Liouville coupled integro-differential system with coupled nonlocal fractional integro-multipoint boundary conditions
Authors: Ahmad Bashir , Alsaedi Ahmed , Alghamdi Badrah
Published: October 2022

We discuss the existence of solutions for a boundary value problem of nonlinear coupled Riemann–Liouville fractional integro-differential equations equipped with coupled nonlocal fractional integro-multipoint boundary conditions. The standard tools of the modern functional analysis are employed to derive the desired results for the problem at hand. The case of nonlinearities depending on the Riemann–Liouville fractional integrals is also discussed. Examples illustrating the obtained results are presented.
Diesel engine small-sample transfer learning fault diagnosis algorithm based on STFT time–frequency image and hyperparameter autonomous optimization deep convolutional network improved by PSO–GWO–BPNN surrogate model
Authors: Liu Yangshuo , Kang Jianshe , Guo Chiming , Bai Yunjie
Published: October 2022

Aiming at the problems of complex diesel engine cylinder head signals, difficulty in extracting fault information, and existing deep learning fault diagnosis algorithms with many training parameters, high time cost, and high data volume requirements, a small-sample transfer learning fault diagnosis algorithm is proposed in this article. First, the fault vibration signal of the diesel engine is converted into a three-channel red green blue (RGB) short-time Fourier transform time–frequency diagram, which reduces the randomness of artificially extracted features. Then, for the problem of slow network training and large sample size requirements, the AlexNet convolutional network and the ResNet-18 convolutional network are fine-tuned on the diesel engine time–frequency map samples as pre-training models with the transfer diagnosis strategy. In addition, to improve the training effect of the network, a surrogate model is introduced to autonomously optimize the hyperparameters of the network. Experiments show that, when compared to other commonly used methods, the transfer fault diagnosis algorithm proposed in this article can obtain high classification accuracy in the diagnosis of diesel engines while maintaining very stable performance under the condition of small samples.
Effects of forest walking on physical and mental health in elderly populations: a systematic review
Authors: Piva Giovanni , Caruso Lorenzo , Gómez Alberto Cruz , Calzolari Marta , Visintin Emilio Paolo , Davoli Pietromaria , Manfredini Fabio , Storari Alda , Spinozzi Paola , Lamberti Nicola
Published: October 2022

There is a growing awareness that spending time in nature is associated with improvement of well-being; nevertheless, the prescription of forest bathing is still limited. The aim of this systematic review was to explore the physiological and psychological benefits of different forest therapies on healthy and pathological elderly populations (>60 years) to identify the most-effective type, duration, and frequency of these interventions. A search for literature was carried out in December 2021 using PubMed, EMBASE, ResearchGate, Google Scholar and Web of Science. Grey literature was searched as well. After removal of the duplicates, within the 214 articles identified, ten met the inclusion criteria. The methodological quality of the selected studies was rated. Forest walking, alone and in combination with other activities is the most effective intervention. The selected studies reported a positive impact on physical components, including reduction in blood pressure and heart rate and improvements in cardiopulmonary and neurochemical parameters. Favorable modifications have also been noted in the psychological field, with improvements in depression, stress levels and in quality of life perception. In conclusion, forest walking may play an important role in promoting physical and mental health in healthy and pathological elderly populations. However, the lack of high-quality studies limits the strength of the results, calling for more trials.