bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comment
Authors: Arnold Benedict
Published: February 2008

Despite the ATTI's affiliation to the TUC and the NUT's perceptible move in the same direction, the teachers' worst enemy during the next three months will be Mr George Woodcock. He is struggling to reconcile the trade unions with the government's wages policy and will not be helped in this by a decision to grant teachers a substantial rise — his members are still very bitter about the doctors' award. Teachers regard themselves as lower‐paid workers but this is not their image in the labour movement. The government, somewhat surprisingly, has given the green light to the Burnham Committee but Mr Crosland probably has troubled times ahead. If he can persuade the government to offer nothing more than a nominal increase he will wish that the thaw had been postponed because the teachers, as always, are in a quarrelsome mood. If a substantial offer can be made the situation will be of uncommon interest educationally as well as politically. For it is now clear that substantial sums of money, if available, should be used to make structural changes and not merely to give all‐round increases.
KILROY WAS HERE
Authors: Gardner John , Mitchell John
Published: February 2008

Being a dissertation on the measures needed to combat the present illiteracy of technical students
Team teaching in further education — 3
Authors: Mansell J.W.
Published: February 2008

A common complaint of technical college teachers is that students are spoon‐fed with information and they finally appear incapable of exercizing their initiative and imagination in the solving of problems associated with the subjects taught to them. Ask the same teachers, however, why they do not abandon the formal lesson schedule and simply guide the students in their private reading and they will undoubtedly include among their reasons not only the pressure of the examination syllabus but the probable inability of the students to study privately. Somehow this vicious circle has to be broken. To the technical college teacher, teaching by private study when associated with part‐time day‐release students is an act of faith. It requires motivation, ability, and a teacher‐student relationship that is difficult to reconcile with the existing organization. (It also requires a library and reading‐room facilities!) It is within the concept of team‐teaching, however, that the necessary confidence in individual study may be achieved.
NEW YORK
Authors: Wagner Geoffrey
Published: February 2008

“Professors,” observed Thorstein Veblen in 1918, “refuse to join unions or engage in collective bargaining because of a feeling among them that their salaries are not of the nature of wages and that there would be a species of moral obliquity implied in overtly so dealing with the matter.” The past few years in America have seen a drastic revision of such scruples of classification. From the end of December 1966, through January 1967, the largest strike of professors in probable history closed the Chicago junior college system, with nearly a thousand senior teachers abstaining from classes. This strike resulted in a $500 across‐the‐board settlement for every Chicago teacher, as well as many other benefits including the all‐important cut in class sizes. The strike was followed by an equally vociferous one in Newark, New Jersey, a militant vote in Denver for a collective bargaining agent for local teachers, and in all there have been 36 strikes, nearly all highly successful, by locals of the AFT (American Federation of Teachers) in the past six years.
AUSTRALIA
Authors: Leese John
Published: February 2008

It is much easier for an educational visitor from England to feel at home in the world of technical education than in the primary and secondary sectors, though even here there are important differences. Passing through places such as Geelong, Ballarat or Hamilton he cannot fail to note that the Colleges are proud to announce their origins from Mechanics' Institutes, mostly founded in the third quarter of the 19th century. Even a small town like Mount Gambier in S Australia (population 18 000) has a fine new college and the Regional Colleges in the cities and larger towns either have or are due to have buildings in no way inferior to the English Polytechnics.
ZAMBIA — Training in the distributive trades
Authors: Ritson Roy
Published: February 2008

In this article, Roy Ritson, Bookers manager in Zambia, outlines the problems faced by an emerging African state when confronted with a situation in the distributive trades where previously the control was white. He sheds some light on the methods used by the Zambian government to overcome both the economic and educational difficulties raised — but much still needs to be done.
A training with a difference
Authors: Orna Bernard
Published: February 2008

“Now I'd like you to look at these pictures: they tell you a lot. Here, in architecture, we see how building forms have changed down the ages with needs, materials and methods. To imitate old forms when we consider present needs, materials and methods doesn't really make sense, does it? … Here's the pattern of change in household equipment … And here we have machinery; but are there as many changes?” In some such words as these, the head of design centre of the Manchester firm of Mather and Platt, Mr J. H. Hilton, introduces his special subject to a group of young draughtsmen. It is the start of a course that brings them into touch with new ideas: and the still new idea that has led to the creation of the course is an interesting one.
The greasy shilling
Authors: Salmon W.S.
Published: February 2008

Our failures to follow up basic discoveries which have been made in this country have been the subject of comment on numerous occasions. In a recent article, Sir Willis Jackson points out that we have often led the world in scientific discovery and technical innovation, then we have left others to gather the full industrial fruits and scientific benefits. Part of the blame he attributes to the failure of industry to attract a large enough proportion of outstanding recruits. He goes on to suggest that, since we need more good scientists as well as technologists, he would not wish to erode further the number of those studying the pure sciences. There is a need, he says, to recruit both scientists and technologists from among the best of those now studying the arts subjects. This view is supported by the work of the Cambridge University Economics Department. Their computerized forecast of the demand for skilled manpower in 1970 shows that the demand for scientists is growing faster than the demand for technologists.
The gas‐man cometh
Authors: Ford Eric
Published: February 2008

Although every industry faces serious training problems, few have so many urgent decisions to make as the gas industry — which not only has to absorb the new training philosophies that are common to all but must also apply these to an industry which is developing and expanding more dramatically than almost any other.
School science
Authors: Edwards R.
Published: February 2008

The camera is a most useful tool in the hands of the industrial and research chemist, but its use as a teaching aid in the school chemistry laboratory has hardly been exploited, even though the photographic process itself is a chemical one.
EDUCATION in IRAN
Authors: Childs David
Published: February 2008

In this article, the authors seek to outline the overall educational development of Iran since 1855 — counterpointing their thesis with some basic facts of recent Iranian history. At a time when the British system is undergoing an advanced catharsis, the experience of a developing nation such as Iran is worth further thought. Too often we concern ourselves with the subtle trivia of our own advanced system. On reading this article, and allowing for the authors' personal views of the Iranian situation, one point stands out. In this situation, where are Enfield and school‐meal strikes now?
Shuffling‐up the Polytechnics
Authors: Thomas D.H.
Published: February 2008

In a team arrangement there would be greater flexibility for the development of new teams—if necessary initially for a trial period—without cumbersome procedure. A small team would almost certainly develop keenness due to community of interest and with inbuilt continuous cross‐fertilization of ideas. But the major advantage would be the elimination of wasteful duplication.
COMMENT
Authors: Arnold Benedict
Published: February 2008

The Joint Committees for national and higher national certificates in engineering are insisting upon the inclusion of liberal studies in courses and this is bitterly resented by most teachers and students. One HMI who was trying to justify this in a recent meeting of engineering teachers was challenged to take a show of hands on the question; it went overwhelmingly against him. But official policy is unlikely to waver and another nail will thus be driven into the HNC coffin. The teachers may protest in vain but the students can vote with their feet; and how many men trying to study in addition to doing a full‐time job will willingly spend an extra evening in college to be liberalized? The teachers of engineering are not necessarily illiberal in opposing the introduction of liberal studies. Is it not important for a liberal educationist to have regard to the wishes of his students? And is not the overloading of the curriculum a most illiberal thing? The rationale of liberal studies in a HNC course implies a confession of the essential illiberalism of the technological course itself. And this illiberalism is mainly the responsibility of the Joint Committees themselves. Before adding further subjects they should surely take a careful look at the existing curriculum and at the constraints which they themselves place upon its development.
Films
Authors: Edmonds Chris
Published: February 2008

In the present circumstances one could be forgiven for assuming that Symphony in Gold (col, 25 min) has something to do with either devaluation or monetary reform. In fact the ‘gold’ turns out to be tobacco and the ‘symphony’ is created by the interplay of tobacco, people and machines in a vast cigarette factory.
The great streaming debate
Authors: Clare Kenneth
Published: February 2008

Mr Kenneth Clare, best described as an anonymous Bow‐grouper, argues the case against those in his own party who would use streaming and selectivity to prevent logical and necessary educational change.
Focus
Authors: MacArthur Brian
Published: February 2008

A monthly column in which Brian MacArthur, Education Correspondent of The Times, reviews the month's news in education.
Films
Authors: Edmonds Chris
Published: February 2008

In what role does a sponsor cast his film when the subject is fundamental research? Usually development problems are skimmed over, and the story concentrates mainly on a product's applications. Research is almost relegated to ‘flashbacks’; after all, it was only one step along the road to commercial viability seems to be the attitude.
Industrial tutorials and assignments
Authors: Parker E.
Published: February 2008

The integrated course of study leading to an honours degree, which generally consists of alternate periods in college and in industry totalling four years, is more than a conventional three‐year full‐time course with a period of industrial training added. The significant difference is that in the integrated course a student is educated partly in an academic and partly in an industrial environment and these environments alternate throughout the student's educational development. This arrangement, which is particularly suited to the education of professional engineers, involves collaboration between the college and industry throughout a student's education and assumes that students work at university undergraduate level both in industry and in college.
School science — 5
Authors: Edwards Russell
Published: February 2008

School Science 4, February issue, dealt with a first lesson in crystallography. In this issue Russell Edwards indicates how he can demonstrate test tube reactions using a slide projector.
Coleg Harlech
Authors: Silver Harold
Published: February 2008

“Of profound significance is the program of Coleg Harlech, a small and independent Welsh institution, whose students have been shop‐assistants, miners, steel‐workers, quarrymen, lodging‐housekeepers, weavers, and clerks. What did they study in 1928–29? History, philosophy, psychology, economics, political science, Welsh and English literature …”
Adult education in the United States
Authors: De Crow Roger
Published: February 2008

No day passes in the United States without the invention of new kinds of adult education programmes, in which new subjects are taught to new audiences of American adults whose educational needs have been neglected. Moreover, the established programmes grow ever larger. These learning activities take such a profusion of forms that we are forced to use abstract terms such as ‘programmes’ or even ‘experiences’ to encompass them. The motives of the continuing learners, are equally diverse; they study almost any subject one could mention, from the minutely practical to the sublimely abstract. Even now, almost every significant agency and institution in American society is involved, somehow, in the provision of these programmes, since the formal education system, though ever more deeply involved in adult education, can never meet all the educational requirements of these millions of adults.
Colleges of Education
Authors: Grainge Peter
Published: February 2008

So wrote that distinguished educationist, Sir Richard Livingstone in 1941.
COMMENT
Authors: Bennett Gordon
Published: February 2008

Industrial experience is as important to politicians as to teachers in technical colleges; and increasingly important as the government is compelled to intervene in industrial matters, especially wage negotiations. One of Mr Wilson's many mistakes is to fail to recognize this. Twenty years on the parliamentary back‐benches is a poor training for the assumption of major administrative responsibilities and for making far‐reaching economic decisions. We are rightly proud in this country that there is little corruption and political patronage and that politics is therefore a poor man's game; but the price we pay for this is the innocence of many of our professional politicians when they are confronted by the harsh realities of the market place. This penalizes the Labour Party most of all. The Conservative Party has an amateur tradition and encourages its back‐bench MPs to continue to pursue their outside business and professional interests; this often prepares them reasonably well for ministerial responsibility. But the Labour Party has a professional tradition and has comparatively few business men. Its main strength in industrial experience is amongst its trade unionists and Mr Wilson has made notably less use of this than did Mr Attlee; his cabinet sorely lacks an Ernest Bevin.
The Public Schools' Commission
Authors: Clare Kenneth
Published: February 2008

Mr Short is now deciding whether to act on the recommendations of the fifteen‐strong Public Schools Commission. He is expected to make their suggestions public next month. Few experts predict their report will produce positive action.
Comment
Authors: Bennett Gordon
Published: February 2008

What about the ‘other’ colleges? In some respects their plight now seems worse than it did two years ago when the White Paper on Polytechnics was published — although at that time we thought it had reached rock bottom. For it is now clear that the Department is determined to close many courses with little regard to the interests of students and that it is in no mood, and indeed in no position, to restrain local authorities from doing their worst in the colleges; under the huge pressures to economize that are being brought to bear on the local authorities the ‘other’ colleges may bear the brunt. The schools are protected by many statutory requirements. The size, prestige and new machinery of government of the polytechnics will give them some protection. If major cuts were to be imposed on Kingston, Lanchester, Enfield or Regent Street who can doubt that there would be an uproar greatly damaging to the government?
Films
Authors: Edmonds Chris
Published: February 2008

The need to retrain adults is now new though the associated difficulties probably loom largest in the lives of the disabled — those unfortunate enough to be injured in accidents, or stricken by serious illness. The Way Back (b/w, 20 min), produced for the Department of Employment and Productivity, makes the important point that most people find their ability to work fulfils a fundamental need. The Department helps in many ways those who have difficulty returning to everyday life after illness or injury, and the film probes to see how this help supplements that given by the normal medical services, and the sort of success that can be expected.
Films
Authors: Edmonds Chris
Published: February 2008

The tremendous number of films available, on almost every conceivable subject, from film libraries, never ceases to amaze. Alas, there is not enough time to see many of them and not enough space to do more than mention a select few.
Aspects of Industrial relations
Authors: Huddleston John
Published: February 2008

To an ever increasing extent the general public is becoming exasperated at the apparent inability of those directly concerned to deal effectively with the industrial relations problems which beset our advancing technological society. More clearly than ever is it becoming recognized that matters relating to trade union structure and attitudes and those relating to management philosophy and training have to be seen as much more than domestic issues, of concern only to those working within the industrial spectrum. It is not only that there is alarm about the impact of strikes and go‐slow policies on the national economy, but there is concern too about the increased incidence of industrial accidents, neurosis and delinquency (a good deal of which, in the view of many authorities, can be attributed to unsatisfactory employment conditions). It is, after all (as those concerned with industry are reminded), the public agencies outside the sphere of industry which have to cope with the consequences of these social ills. Despite the shortening of hours, man's preoccupation within his working enviroment still comprises a sizeable proportion of the total span of life. Society has a right to demand that working conditions shall be so organized as to permit those occupied within it to derive the maximum of satisfaction for both mind and body. It can indeed be argued that the stable development of our social democracy, the maintenance of human health and well being, and the control of crime, depends very much on the success of such efforts. It therefore is much to be regretted that so little has been done in the way of intensive research with a view to discovering the extent of and the real nature, of the impact which industrial involvement has on human beings. Those advanced in years are, of course, fully conscious of the fact that much of the drudgery and hard physical effort which was a feature of industrial employment in earlier years, has been swept away. Yet few would claim that as a consequence of this, the working population as a whole is more contented than it was say fifty years ago. Other industrial ills — anxieties, frustrations and boredom have increased in their severity.
Students' Unions in the Colleges
Authors: Baker Douglas
Published: February 2008

‘Over my dead body’ said the Vice‐Principal. He was reacting, somewhat predictably, to the suggestion that a students' union might be formed in the college. No doubt it was the word ‘union’ that gave rise to his fears of strikes and bloody‐minded shop stewards. However, there is a students' union flourishing now in that particular college, and the Vice‐Principal is still alive, and I imagine quite reconciled to the idea, but his fears must have been echoed by many people in authority in further education, especially when they read the often lurid press accounts of sit‐ins at the LSE and ‘Red Rudi’ in West Germany. Why then have a students' union in a technical college?
Instructor Training
Authors: Moore JR
Published: February 2008

Road Transport, Cotton, Catering, Hosiery, Lace and Net. Since the courses were begun 150 have attended the part‐time day course 350 the full‐time EITB course and 250 the full‐time WJFITB course. In addition with the approval of the WJFITB, a series of half‐day conferences have been held with representatives of the managements of the firms which had sent or were intending to send instructors, to explain what the purpose of the course is and we are now considering the provision of appropriate refresher courses for experienced instructors.
The present picture
Authors: Toose D.G.
Published: February 2008

The Report of the Inter‐departmental Working Party, published in 1967, gave estimates of the numbers of specialist staff required to work in UK computer installations by 1970. These numbers, though often critized as being very conservative, seemed alarmingly impossible to achieve when compared with those then existing. Related developments in the further education sector preceded the publication of the Report by at least eight years in respect of short course provision and by two years in respect of formal courses. In spite of this and the subsequent growth of FE courses, the shortfall in the required numbers of specialist computer staff seems likely to remain, as long as the facilities offered in FE are not fully taken up. Before surveying the available provision in FE, it would be useful to restate the responsibility of FE colleges in this field, as this has largely determined the pattern of courses developed.
The college centre
Authors: Wise A.H.
Published: February 2008

Educational Computing Centres, certainly within further education, are of a great variety of types and size. The one thing they all have in common is that like Topsy they just growed. Their growing applies not only to the degree of hardware provision but also to their staffing both academic and non‐academic. None appears to have had an easy birth, their origins usually being due to some enthusiast(s) having ‘acquired’, in some way, a means of card or papertape preparation and having encouraged a local industrial or commercial installation to give free computer time. ‘Cycle stealing’ refers to the bicycle that the enthusiast would borrow from the college compound in order to ferry input or output between the colleges and the computer. After this type of very shaky start courses would become established and the links with the local installation become more formalized. With luck the installation would even begin to charge the computer time and then one was able to show to the local authority that computing does cost money. The college computer usually arrives in some second or third college computing era after sufficient growth of courses and the acceptance of a ‘case’. Where though are the operating personnel ? They so often are absent and our enthusiast is still jack‐of‐all‐trades — key‐punch operator, computer operator, controller, manager and lecturer. Not all will treat their priorities in this new situation in that order, but is there any wonder that educational standards suffer? It is the difficulties encountered in establishing a computing centre that endangers professional standards.
A regional college network
Authors: Abrahams John
Published: February 2008

Much of the material in this article was given as a lecture at a conference on ‘Computers in Further Education’, held at Cambridge on 13 June. The specific proposals here refer to a scheme for educational computers in Eastern England, including outer North London. However all the reasons which have encouraged us to make these firm proposals apply in all parts of this country, and in other developed industrial nations as well. We understand that the Inner London Educational Authority has already approved plans for a network of three computers based on several of their colleges. It does not seem as if this Inner London scheme will make any allowance for computer education in schools.
The university centre
Authors: Kirk Alan
Published: February 2008

Since the first electronic computers were constructed some 20 years ago, the Universities of this country have been intimately associated with their development, first with their actual construction and design, then with the implementation of autocodes and other high level languages for simpler programming, and they are now about to embark on a phase of exploitation of the possibilities of multi‐access working in which many typewriter devices can appear to give immediate access for different users at the same time. In fact, of course, the multi‐access users are only sharing part of the computers time, but if the system is correctly designed the response to any individual user is rapid enough to give him the impression that he has the monopoly of the computer's attentions.
The first R
Authors: Knightley Brian
Published: February 2008

Bert Smith was angry when he saw his morning paper. He decided to write to its Editor. The article which aroused him was about reading. The reporter said it was an appalling fact that 80 000 school‐leavers this year would be unable to read without difficulty. Bert saw that the reporter blamed poor teachers and inadequate teaching methods for this disturbing schooling failure. He wrote from his Blackpool home: ‘I prefer to think these children just haven't got it in them’.
Focus
Authors: MacArthur Brian
Published: February 2008

A new survey of student failure at universities by the University Grants Committee showed that nearly one in eight of the students admitted to universities drop out without graduating, about half of them at the end of the first year. The main finding of the report, the first which has ever given details about and identified individual universities, was that 4688 of the 35 386 undergraduate students who should have graduated in 1966 left without a degree, a drop‐out rate of 13·3 per cent.
Films
Authors: Edmonds Chris
Published: February 2008

A couple of new films aimed at helping the export drive illustrate two radically different approaches to the same theme. There is a very real need, in these days of ‘export or die’, to nurture the would‐be exporter and to guide him through the mass of restrictions, regulations and form filling before he gives up in despair.
VIEW
Authors: Boyle Edward
Published: February 2008

When the House of Commons resumes this month one of my first tasks as Opposition spokesman for education will be to press the Government to ‘come clean’ over the University Building Programme. This is an extraordinary and thoroughly discreditable business. Looking back to the last debate on education, at 8 am on 25 July after an all‐night sitting, I am forced to admit that Alice Bacon, replying for the Government, did just convey a hint that something unpleasant was in the wind: ‘Over the next few months’, she said, ‘there might be a readjustment as between primary schools and secondary schools and higher education’. I do not think anyone who heard those words would have guessed that, within a week, the universities would be subjected to a fresh ‘moratorium’ which would affect every item of their 1968/69 building programme (probably totalling between £15 and £20 out of £29 million) that remained uncommitted at the end of July, as well as capital expenditure on sites, furniture and equipment. The source of the bad news was a letter from the UGC, sent at a time when nearly every vice‐chancellor was in Australia, attending the Commonwealth Universities Conference. To date, no official announcement has ever been made by the DES.
THE ART SCHOOL REVOLUTION
Authors: GOTTESMAN HERBERT
Published: February 2008

As the so‐called art school revolution moved into another term of insurgency, albeit in the main less militant, many a staff member must have been confronted with the problem of instant transition to a more ‘liberal’ curriculum — or at least the appearance of one — even while art education as a whole was under national review. There seems little reason to doubt that the review's findings will reflect the new accent on more active student representation if not decision‐making, and more acquiescence on the part of staff in accepting student taste and interest as guidelines to what shall be studied and how it shall be studied — for the time being.
Films
Authors: Edmonds Chris
Published: February 2008

The Dainton Report, published in February last year, emphasized the need to make science teaching more attractive and meaningful. In September, the Swann Report called for more qualified science teachers. Now the Department of Education and Science has produced a film which adds considerably to both reports, for it shows how, given the facilities and the manpower, the teaching of science and technology could be completely revolutionized.
Methods in technical teaching — 4
Authors: Mansell Jack
Published: February 2008

Number 4 is a series of articles looking at methods and techniques used in technical teaching, in an attempt to define ‘progressive’ teaching in this sphere.
Films
Authors: Edmonds Chris
Published: February 2008

Hovercraft N4 (col, 19 min) tells a story of wide interest — the design, construction and testing of the world's largest hovercraft built to date. The tale of the first N4 dates back to 1962, only four years after Christopher Cockerell's original idea had been proved feasible. Design studies were started after a breakthrough led to the development of vastly improved flexible skirts. Detailed drawings and the successful testing of models culminated in orders for three craft and, by February last year, the first of these was undergoing sea trials. This British Petroleum Film is available from Petroleum Films Bureau, 4 Brook Street, London W1.
The School‐tie Stage Army
Authors: Kemble Bruce
Published: February 2008

Mr Enoch Powell's recent speech on the future of the grammar schools — ‘Abolish them or build more’ — evoked no response from the 500 000 members of the National Education Association which is dedicated to preserving selective schools.
HNC in applied physics
Authors: Lowthian B.W.
Published: February 2008

Details are given of the educational background and employment of students obtaining a Higher National Certificate in Applied Physics in Salford and Liverpool 1954–1966.
Personal
Authors: Nash Roy
Published: February 2008

The theory is often advanced that many graduates join the staffs of public schools, rather than State schools or technical colleges, because of the lure of above‐scale salaries. Money, it is said, is a decisive factor in the loss, to the State education system, of valuable teachers.
Gallery
Authors: Render James
Published: February 2008

The Lords is certainly more archaic than the nation's educational system. Witness the swearing in recently (March 26th) of our first West Indian peer — Baron Constantine of Maraval in Trinidad and Tobago and of Nelson in the County Palatine of Lancaster (better known as Sir Learie, the ex‐Test cricketer) — with yer actual Hereditary Earl Marshall of England, the Duke of Norfolk, and the Lord Great Chamberlain, the Marquess of Cholmondeley, in attendance to give special distinction to the occasion. The bowing and scraping, hat‐raising and wand‐waving, robes and regalia, is — to my untutored mind — more akin to the black art of Voodoo than democracy at work. Nevertheless when the noble Lords get down to it and concentrate their collective mind on a serious and important issue they are still worth listening to; they talk the kind of good sense which is born of experience and shorn of party prejudice. Often it comes as a welcome relief to much of the Commons nonsense. Thus when the peers went ‘swanning’ a short time ago (March 19th) and discussed in detail and at great length (for nealy seven hours) the Swann Report: The Flow into Employment of Scientists, Engineers and Technologists (Cmnd. 3760) it was a further encouraging example of the oft‐criticized Upper Chamber at its best.
The Sciences
Authors: Silver Harold
Published: February 2008

Chelsea Polytechnic, one of the crop of 1890's foundations, was always distinguished from its fellow London Polytechnics by its relative inability to attract ‘the poorer classes’, for whom the Polys were designed. As Chelsea College of Science and Technology, and a CAT, it was distinguished by its lack of technology. It had always done a high percentage of London University degree work, and when it failed to become the University of Hertfordshire after the Robbins promotion, and became instead a School of the University of London, historical justice appeared to be done. The College, on a cramped site amid some of the most expensive land in London, has a strong base in the biological sciences, and was mentioned for this reason by the Todd Report on medical education as a possible candidate for participation in developments in this field. From the existing physical sciences it has moved also into engineering science. A discussion of the College as a whole would involve a consideration of the constraints not only of its geographical position but also those of a new School in a university faced with an immense need to rationalize its resources. Instead we have chosen to illustrate its development by looking at the College's most important recent offspring — its Centre for Science Education.
Unemployment‐the ultimate anachronism
Authors: Young Douglas
Published: February 2008

At the beginning of the Labour Government's current term of office, our country faced the problem of rising unemployment. Not for the first time — certainly not the last.
COMMENT
Authors: Bennett Gordon
Published: February 2008

The Secretary of State pledged at Douglas that the government would during the seventies introduce the compulsory training of all school teachers — a reform that would prevent untrained graduates from entering teaching. Its introduction in 1970 was recommended several years ago by the National Advisory Council for the Training and Supply of Teachers. Soon afterwards the Russell Report — of a subcommittee of the same Council — recommended the introduction of compulsory training for new entrants to further education. Mr Short has not yet made any statement about the training of FE teachers but he should consider this. Now, when the idea of a unified sector of tertiary education is rapidly gaining support, it is of great importance to keep FE and the schools in step in this matter. If compulsory training were introduced for all school teachers without a corresponding reform in FE, at least for the teaching of younger FE students, the ultimate unification of the education of the 15–18 age group would be made more difficult. In any event the FE sector cannot afford to let policy about the training of its teachers go by default.
Gallery
Authors: Render James
Published: February 2008

Student participation … the Lords debated it and the Commons tasted it at the end of last month. Even that most sacred cow — Parliamentary privilege — may have been offended; so goodness knows (at the time of writing, anyway) where and how it will all end.
INQUIRY 2
Authors: BARLOW PEPPY
Published: February 2008

Educational publishers come in all shapes and sizes, and compose a recognizable group only in the sense that they are all intent on selling books to the education market. They are given some specific classification through group three of the Publishers' Association (shortly to be reformed, rationalized and strengthened), but it is difficult even among the 70odd full members to see much common ground among, for example, Rivingtons, whose Latin primers make up a show case in Evans Bros, and the giants like Macmillan and Longmans, or the various components of IPC. Confusion was less confounded twenty years ago when a smaller number, specifically engaged in turning out 30‐to‐a‐class type text books, could be more obviously classified as ‘educational’, and felt that among themselves there was a common bond of serious involvement. This last may or may not have been confused with an exchange of gentlemanly pleasantries in an atmosphere of comparative security.
Where next?
Authors: Best Andrew
Published: February 2008

Andrew Best has been in educational publishing for the past seven years, and for seven years before that was a teacher (untrained graduate) at secondary level. He reckons himself to have been profoundly ignorant about school books while teaching, though it did not seem to matter at the time. He is currently educational manager in a UK publishing house.
Berkeley 1969
Authors: Fletcher David
Published: February 2008

Student unrest at the London School of Economics and elsewhere has hit the headlines in Britain in recent months but the extent of the trouble and the depth of feeling involved pales into complete insignificance compared with the upheavals at some American universities. A hard line against student insurgents is often advocated by observers (often tax or rate‐paying observers) of the revolutionary student scene and it is salutory to see what happened at one American university where the ‘firm’ approach was carried to its logical conclusion.
Education, New York Style
Authors: Lainson Vicky
Published: February 2008

I have recently returned from New York where I was teaching in the Children's Community Workshop School in Manhattan. This school, which was set up last September, was run entirely by its parents on the lines of the English primary school; it developed as a protest against the depressing educational, social and racial conditions in the local ‘public’ schools. It was only with great regret that I was obliged to resign in March because of persistant ill‐health, and return to this country.
Objective Examinations
Authors: Bacon Frank
Published: February 2008

In last month's article consideration was given to continuous assessment as a better alternative to the traditional time‐test examination. Although some form of continuous assessment has been in use in this country for half a century and although this method is now gaining a wide acceptance, other forms of examining are available and are being tried by various examining bodies. Of these other types, that of objective examining is perhaps the main one.
FOCUS
Authors: MacArthur Brian
Published: February 2008

A new mood of militancy seems to be sweeping through the education system. Although it is led by school teachers, and on this occasion not simply by the active unionists, there are also reports of an increasing disgruntlement not only in technical colleges but also in the universities as well.
SCHOOLS AND COLLEGES
Authors: Lamb Brydon
Published: February 2008

So NAVEX 69 is over. Looking at the 95 stands of the exhibition of audio‐visual aids and materials in the great hall at Olympia no one would have suspected that this is a year for education in which the bread has been very thinly buttered indeed. It was only when one eaves‐dropped on teacher conversations on the stands and in the bar that one could piece together a refrain which seemed to go ‘It's all very nice, but we haven't got the money to buy’. Neither is there nor the money to rent either, and it would seem that Rank REC has entered the market at an inauspicious time with its admirable Talking Page. At least this would appear to be so since the first programmes for the Talking Page are aimed at the primary school. In this period of parsimony it is encouraging to note the move made by the forward thinking Inner London Education Authority which has offered to pay for two years half the cost of all audio‐visual equipment ordered by secondary schools and two thirds of the cost of primary school orders. This scheme will relieve the strain on capitation allowances and will act very definitely in the favour of the primary school. In this way the progression of educational technology will not necessarily be over‐slowed in the London area. This view is not taken by many in education who, if there are cuts to be made, would place educational technology high on their list of priorities for retrenchment.
The status of engineers
Authors: Jury Geoffrey
Published: February 2008

A Polish colleague once confided his surefire technique with girls. ‘At home’ he said, ‘if I fancy a girl I tell her I am an engineer. In Britain, I only let that fact out when I want to brush her off.’
The ILEA sixth form
Authors: Bagnall Nicholas
Published: February 2008

Top officials of the Inner London Education Authority will be going into the field next term to explain to headmasters, division by division, just what the authority means by its notorious Sixth Form Plan — the plan about which the teachers' associations have said that it causes ‘very grave disquiet’ and that ‘the systematic imposition of the proposals could be in some cases educationally disastrous’.
Comment
Authors: Bennett Gordon
Published: February 2008

Dear Mr Willey, I hope you will forgive my presumption in offering some suggestions for the work of the parliamentary select committee of which you are chairman and which recently embarked on an enquiry into teacher training. I know that some members of your committee have the feeling that although it has enormous power and constitutional significance it has so far, in its investigations into HMIs and the student unrest, somehow failed to ‘bite’. Indeed it might be that if the committee had really got its teeth into its problems the government would have made much greater efforts to close it down.
Gallery
Authors: Render James
Published: February 2008

The Consolidated Fund Bill is a device which allows MPs to raise most topics under, and including, the Sun. (The plight of my own newspaper was one of twenty subjects debated in the yawning 20 hr 51 min session — 23 and 24 July.)
The Consensus
Authors: Beard Roger
Published: February 2008

That education and party politics are totally linked there is no doubt. At any party's annual conference, educational motions figure extensively on the agenda. Indeed, in the elections of 1964 and 1966 teachers and lecturers formed one of the largest groups of newly elected Labour Members of Parliament. On the Tory side, with the exception of Esmond Wright, and a few others, the weighting has been consistently towards business and commerce. This difference between the two major parties accounts for the strong contrasts in their educational policies, contrasts that are too sharp for any consensus to survive without direction from Ministers and senior Party personnel.
The future
Authors: Burgess Tyrrell
Published: February 2008

The party conferences in October, they say, may be the last before the next general election. So this is just the time for offering them a policy each for education. Neither the Labour Party nor the Conservatives are likely to evolve anything very coherent if left to themselves, which is sad if understandable. Both will be preoccupied with other things. But it is no good educators sitting back glumly and complaining; we have to chip in and give a hand. Nor is it much good suggesting things which the individual parties can't possibly manage. You might think that Circular 10/65 on secondary reorganization should never have been issued, but telling the Labour Party to withdraw it is not the way to influence in the party. You may believe that streaming is the biggest handicap to educational advance, but there is not much sense in urging the Conservative somehow to abolish it. What we have to do is to see what elements of the traditional attitudes of the parties ought to be encouraged, from the point of view of education, and which diverted.
A second look at computers
Authors: Barlow Peppy
Published: February 2008

In June of this year the Computer Board published its first report and the National Council for Educational Technology produced an action paper, Computer based learning: two documents which do much to identify and illustrate the present confusion surrounding the role of the computer in education in this country. The Computer Board, set up in 1966 under the chairmanship of Professor (now Sir) Brian Flowers in direct response to the recommendations of the Flowers report on Computers for Research, has a specific primary concern with ‘the central computing facilities for research purposes in universities’. Within this brief it must plan, provide and, to a disturbing extent, supervise the installations. Beyond the provision of individual university needs, planning extends to the establishment of regional centres, (initially at London, Manchester and Edinburgh with possible additions in the South‐West, the Midlands and the North‐East) to provide large back up computer power for comprehensive area networks. At both provision and supervision levels, however, this has proved slower than anticipated.
Recess
Authors: Render James
Published: February 2008

It is 25 years since the introduction of one of the most radical and far‐reaching reforms of recent times — the 1944 Education Act. And before pointing to the faults of the present‐day educational system (which are numerous enough), and verbally flogging both major political parties for their many failings in this important field, it is only proper to begin by recognizing the tremendous progress made in such a short period.
Audio‐visual review
Authors: Edmonds Chris
Published: February 2008

1 There is little doubt that one of the most versatile pieces of visual teaching hardware is the overhead projector — and this perhaps is one reason there are so many brands on the market. A recent newcomer is the AV001, from E. J. Arnold & Son. This uses a 650W quartz lamp cooled by a fairly silent 7in fan. The makers claim their equipment has the coolest surface temperature of any similar machine, something they regard as essential for increasing the efficiency of items such as spirit pens, which are liable to dry rapidly in warm conditions. The plate glass top lifts off easily, allowing the Fresnel lens beneath to be ejected from its positioning beneath spring‐loaded clips. This ejection is coupled to a safety cut‐out device. Together with other items in the Arnold range, this projector has been designed to stand up to hard use and, to use their own phrase, as far as possible to be ‘boy proof’.
Publishers 1
Authors: Belbin Peter
Published: February 2008

The concept of publishing as an occupation indulged in by rather eccentric individuals, remote from the classroom, or by bright young men and women seeking to teach old dogs new tricks continues to exist only in the minds of those who have not had anything to do with publishing during the last few years.
The Primary Curriculum
Authors: Heney Michael
Published: February 2008

Patrick Pearse, one of the sacred heroes of Ireland's 1916 Rebellion, had, among other things, a squint, an oedipus complex, and an obsession with blood sacrifice. His writings, to varying degrees, reflect these characteristics. Pearse was also, however, a school master, and this led to one of his most famous writings, The Murder Machine — an indictment of the Irish educational system in 1915. Horrifyingly, his criticisms have still been quoted in the Ireland of the 1960's.
Comment
Authors: Bennett Gordon
Published: February 2008

The Secretary of State recently announced that nobody who graduates after 1970 may teach in primary schools, and nobody graduating after 1973 may teach in secondary schools, without first undergoing training as a teacher. This means that by the year 2015 the number of untrained school teachers will be almost nil! Progress in further education will not be so rapid but we can't have everything. It would however be good to know that FE is going to make any advance at all. The fixing of a target date of the year 2100 or even 2069 for a trained FE staff would greatly improve our present expectation.
Opinions
Authors: Miles Margaret
Published: February 2008

Margaret Miles, one of the country's most prominent head‐mistresses suggests that one way of removing the problem is to abolish girls' schools.
Focus
Authors: MacArthur Brian
Published: February 2008

As the official celebrations of the centenary of the state education system opened on 1 May, a disquieting warning that Secondary Education for All was still far from a reality was given by Sir Alec Clegg, chief education officer of the West Riding.