bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENGARUH KELERENGAN TERHADAP STATUS UNSUR N, P, DAN K DAN PRODUKSI TANAMAN KAYU PUTIH PADA TANAH MEDITERAN DI BAGIAN DAERAH HUTAN KARANGMOJO
Authors: Handayani Wuri , Nurcholis Mohammad , Mulyanto Djoko
Published: January 2021

Bagian selatan Gunungkidul didominasi oleh pegunungan batugamping, solum tanah yang tipis, kekurangan unsur hara, dan sumber air permukaan yang terbatas, sehingga tanahnya memiliki  sifat-sifat fisik buruk. Kemiringan lahan merupakan salah satu faktor penting yang harus diprioritaskan, karena dapat menimbulkan limpasan yang dapat membawa partikel tanah dan unsur hara. Beberapa permasalahan tanah Mediteran antara lain ketersediaan air, pH tanah sering diatas 7 dan fiksasi unsur hara terutama N, P, dan K. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh kemiringan lereng terhadap kandungan N, P dan K. di dalam tanah dan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kemiringan terhadap produksi tanaman kayu putih. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Bagian Daerah Hutan Karangmojo Ruas Resort Pengelolaan Hutan (RPH) Nglipar plot 26 dengan kemiringan 0-8% dan RPH Kenet plot 47 dengan kemiringan 8-15% dan RPH Gelaran plot 32 dengan kemiringan 15-25%, Kabupaten Gunugkidul, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode purposive sampling. Dalam penelitian ini terdapat tiga lereng yang masing-masing lereng dibuat dari tiga lokasi, di lokasi tersebut dipilih lima tanaman yang pertumbuhannya optimal untuk diamati profil tanahnya kemudian dilakukan pengambilan sampel tanah pada satu profil yang mewakili setiap horizon untuk dianalisis. Penghitungan produktivitas tanaman sampel dapat ditentukan dari percabangan dan daun sampel setelah dilakukan penimbangan. Pengamatan terhadap profil tanah meliputi: horizon, kedalaman lapisan, tekstur, struktur, dan warna tanah. Analisis sifat kimia tanah terdiri dari: pH, N-total, P-tersedia, K-tersedia, BV dan BJ. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh kemiringan terhadap N, P, K dan produksi. Dimana unsur N-total tertinggi berada pada kemiringan 8-15%, unsur P tersedia tertinggi pada kemiringan 15-25%, unsur K-tersedia tertinggi berasal dari tiga lereng yang sama yaitu bernilai rendah dan produksi tanaman kayu putih tertinggi pada kemiringan 15-25%.
EVALUASI STATUS KERUSAKAN TANAH UNTUK PRODUKSI BIOMASSA DI DESA NGLEGI, KECAMATAN PATUK, KABUPATEN GUNUNGKIDUL
Authors: Wibisono Rachmad Fajar , Santoso AZ. Purwono Budi , Arbiwati Dyah
Published: January 2021

Tanah merupakan faktor produksi biomassa yang mendukung kehidupan manusia serta makhluk hidup lainnya yang harus dijaga dan dipelihara kelestariannya. Di sisi lain, kegiatan produksi biomassa yang tidak terkendali dapat mengakibatkan kerusakan tanah, sehingga dapat menurunkan kualitas dan fungsinya, yang pada akhirnya dapat mengancam kelangsungan hidup manusia dan makhluk hidup lainnya. Desa Nglegi memiliki topografi perbukitan dengan tingkat kemiringan lereng tergolong cukup curam dengan tingkat kemiringan 8% - >40% menyebabkan erosi sering terjadi di daerah ini. Sehingga diperlukan informasi mengenai status kerusakan tanah sehingga dalam upaya pemanfaat lahan dapat dilakukan dengan baik untuk menunjang kegiatan produksi biomassa khususnya dalam bidang pertanian. Tujuan dari penelitian adalah menentukan status kerusakan tanah untuk produksi biomassa dan menyusun peta status kerusakan tanah untuk produksi biomassa di Desa Nglegi, Kecamatan Patuk, Kabupaten Gunungkidul. Metode yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari pengamatan (survey) untuk mengetahui kondisi umum daerah penelitian dan lokasi penelitian ditentukan secara purposif. Penentuan titik sampel berdasarkan Satuan Peta Lahan hasil dari overlay peta jenis tanah, peta tataguna lahan dan peta kemiringan lereng. Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan Desa Nglegi tergolong dalam dua kelas status kerusakan yaitu status kerusakan rusak ringan (R.I) dengan luas sekitar 372,98 ha atau 40,07% dari keseluruhan luas desa Nglegi. Status kerusakan tidak rusak (N) dengan luas 557,82 ha atau 59,93 % dari keseluruhan luas wilayah Desa Nglegi. Status rusak ringan (R.I) dengan faktor pembatas permeabilitas dan redoks.
Generador de microondas con fibra láser de Brillouin estabilizado de bajo costo para sistemas de radio sobre fibra
Authors: Bueno Escobedo J. L. , Maya-Sanchez M.C. , Miridonov S. V. , Fotiadi A.A. , Spirin V. V.
Published: January 2021

Proponemos un nuevo oscilador optoelectrónico basado en la dispersión estimulada de Brillouin para generar una portadora de microondas, ultra estrecha y estable, como lo muestra su bajo ruido de fase. Un láser de Brillouin sub-kHz de anillo de fibra con estabilización activa y encadenamiento por inyección a su bombeo DFB (del inglés, Distributed Feedback Laser) se propone como técnica básica para la generación de microondas. El oscilador optoelectrónico genera una señal portadora de ~10.946 GHz, con un ancho de banda de 300 Hz a 3 dB. Las señales armónicas parasitas están a ±50 kHz, ±450 kHz and ±900 kHz, con un nivel de 45-50 dB desde el pico de la portadora. El ruido de fase está por debajo de -90 dBc/Hz a un desplazamiento de frecuencia de la portadora de 10 kHz, este nivel se observa en una trasmisión de prueba a través de una fibra óptica de 20 Km de longitud
Mathematical modeling and forecasting of COVID-19: experience in Santiago de Cuba province
Authors: Ramirez-Torres E. E. , Selva Castañeda A. R. , Rodríguez-Aldana Y. , Sánchez Domínguez S. , Valdés García L. E. , Palú-Orozco A. , Oliveros-Domínguez E.R. , Zamora-Matamoros L. , Labrada-Claro R. , Cobas-Batista M. , Sedal-Yanes D. , Soler-Nariño O. , Valdés-Sosa P. A. , Montijano J. I. , Bergues Cabrales L. E.
Published: January 2021

In the province of Santiago de Cuba, Cuba, the COVID-19 epidemic has a limited progression that shows an early small-number peak of infections. Most published mathematical models fit data with high numbers of confirmed cases. In contrast, small numbers of cases make it difficult to predict the course of the epidemic. We present two known models adapted to capture the noisy dynamics of COVID-19 in the Santiago de Cuba province. Parameters of both models were estimated using the approximate-Bayesian-computation framework with dedicated error laws. One parameter of each model was updated on key dates of travel restrictions. Both models approximately predicted the infection peak and the end of the COVID-19 epidemic in Santiago de Cuba. The first model predicted 57 reported cases and 16 unreported cases. Additionally, it estimated six initially exposed persons. The second model forecasted 51 confirmed cases at the end of the epidemic. In conclusion, an opportune epidemiological investigation, along with the low number of initially exposed individuals, might partly explain the favorable evolution of the COVID-19 epidemic in Santiago de Cuba. With the available data, the simplest model predicted the epidemic evolution with greater precision, and the more complex model helped to explain the epidemic phenomenology.
Little group generators for Dirac neutrino one-particle states
Authors: Romero R.
Published: January 2021

Assuming neutrinos to be of the Dirac type, the little group generators for the one-particle states, created off the vacuum by the field operator, are obtained, both in terms of the one-particle states themselves and in terms of creation/annihilation operators. It is shown that these generators act also as rotation operators in the Hilbert space of the states, providing three types of transformations: a helicity flip, the standard charge conjugation, and a combination of the two, up to phases. The transformations’ properties are provided in detail and their physical implications discussed. It is also shown that one of the transformations continues to hold for chiral fields without mixing them. It is argued that these results provide support for the Majorana nature of massive neutrinos.
Generalización de las transformaciones de Lorentz
Authors: Ortiz Sánchez E.
Published: January 2021

Within the framework of special relativity, there are numerous models that allow inertial reference frame to be related to another accelerated (non-inertial) reference frame. We are going to provide necessary and sufficient conditions that will determine the optimal transformation in a unique way.
A new fractional mechanics based on fractional addition
Authors: Chung W. Sang , Hassanabadi H. , Maghsoodi E.
Published: January 2021

In this paper we are to define a new velocity having a dimension of (Length)α=(Time) and a new acceleration having a dimension of (Length)α=(Time)2, based on the fractional addition rule. Using this we discuss the fractional mechanics in one dimension. We show the conservation of fractional energy and formulate the Hamiltonian formalism for fractional mechanics. We exhibit some examples of fractional mechanics.
Merger of galactic cores made of ultralight bosonic dark matter
Authors: Guzmán Murillo F. S. , Alvarez-Ríos I. , González J. A.
Published: January 2021

We study binary mergers of ultralight bosonic dark matter cores by solving the Gross-Pitaevskii- Poisson system of equations. The analysis centers on the dynamics of the relaxation process and the behavior of the configuration resulting from the merger, including the Gravitational Cooling with its corresponding emission of mass and angular momentum. The oscillations of density and size of the final configuration are characterized, indicating that for the equal mass case the dependency of the amplitude and frequency of these oscillations on the impact parameter of the pre-merger config- uration is linear. The amplitude of these oscillations changes by a factor of two or more indicating the final configuration does not approach a clear stationary state even though it oscillates around a virialized state. For the unequal mass case, global quantities also indicate the final configuration oscillates around a virialized state, although the density does not show a dominant oscillation mode. Also the evolution of the angular momentum prior and post merger is analyzed in all cases.
The Imaginative Ethnographer as Vagabond Bricoleur: Being Still, Being Quiet, Standing in Love and Paying Attention
Authors: Soyini Madison D.
Published: January 2021

This interview discusses the infinity of stories as an endless reservoir of imagining new forms of meaning, feeling and embodiment of fieldwork data. Thinking of ethnographic analysis and experience as a collaborative process of performance and creative expression is an alternative to the prevailing textocentric documentation that demands both a political economy of contexts and an ethics of loving attention.
Introduction: Des castors à la terre : Construire sur les débats passés pour défaire l'enchevêtrement contemporain des territoires de chasse familiaux des Algonquiens
Authors: Chaplier Mélanie , Scott Colin
Published: January 2021

En 1986, Anthropologica publiait un numéro spécial sur les territoires de chasse familiaux Algonquiens comportant diverses recherches ethnographiques qui renversaient, ancraient ou recadraient les travaux antérieurs portant sur les origines ou décrivant le communisme primitif des systèmes de propriété foncière Algonquiens. Le numéro présentait des recherches développées dans le cadre de la montée de revendications politiques et juridiques Autochtones pour le maintien de leur mode vie et de leur gouvernance territoriale alors que se multipliaient les interventions économiques et étatiques sur leurs terres. Dans cette Introduction au numéro thématique, nous présentons un aperçu historique ainsi qu'un nouveau cadre conceptuel pour analyser la territorialité et la gouvernance autochtones, informés par la manière dont les Algonquiens continuent de répondre aux défis auxquels ils font face depuis trente ans. Nous décrivons l'évolution de la gouvernance et des façons de vivre des Algonquiens parmi les initiatives d'extraction et d'exploitation des ressources sur leurs terres, ainsi que certaines transformations importantes au sein des socialités Algonquiennes.
Post Herpetic Neuralgia After Acyclovir Treatment
Authors: Mohamed Abdul Hadi , Awang Mohd Shukrimi , Abdullah Nor Zamzila , Mat Nor Mohd Basri
Published: January 2021

Post Herpetic Neuralgia (PHN) is often diagnosed when pain persists in a dermatomal pattern weeks after the herpes zoster vesicular eruption has healed. There is a definite tendency for PHN to improve with time. There is no way of predicting who will recover. However, some reported that as many as 40% of patients with PHN will continue to have long-term problems because of incomplete or no pain despite the best treatments given. This retrospective series discussed the outcome of treatment of 3 patients with PHN, using acyclovir, Gabapentin and analgesics. Patients were treated by a single pain specialist in a conventional community pain practice. Therapies were given twice-monthly for 1-2 months, then less frequently until pain relief was optimized. Patients received a median of 7 treatments (range 4 - 11). Median baseline allodynia levels were reduced from 9 /10 (range 8 to 10) to 0/10 (range 0 to 6), intermittent shooting pain from 9/10 (range 8 to 10) to 0/10 (range 0 to 6). 1 of 3 patients (30%) was able to be weaned off pain medications. These data showed that there is variation in the response to treatment in patients suffering from PHN. The response ranged from a complete cure to unresponsive at all to the treatment given. There is no way of predicting who will fully recover.
Antibiotic susceptibility study of metal-gentamicin complexes against Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms
Authors: Shahdan Intan Azura , Mohd Sobri Fatimah Zahrah , Hanapi Mohammad Faiz Hizzuan , Ahmad Yusof Hanani , How Fiona N.-F.
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Inherent resistance of biofilm bacteria to conventional antibiotics is alarming because biofilms induce antibiotic resistance to an order of three or more in magnitude greater than those displayed by planktonic bacteria. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an infectious organism that causes the hallmark of chronic infections including hospital acquired infections that leads to high morbidity and mortality. One of the reasons for the occurrence of resistance is its ability to form biofilms. In this study, the resistance of P. aeruginosa biofilms against a series of metal-antibiotics, an alternative to the conventional antibiotics, was investigated. Methods: A series of metal-antibiotic complexes derived from gentamicin was synthesized to give metal-gentamicin complexes. The metal contents of all the compounds were determined using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). Antibiotic susceptibility testing of the gentamicin-antibiotic complexes against the biofilms was conducted using broth microdilution assay. Results: The results showed that P. aeruginosa is susceptible against all the metal-gentamicin complexes, which include, Ni(II), Fe(II), Cu(II), Zn(II) and Co(II) complexes; all were tested at 0.25 to 1 mmol concentrations. Conclusions: The results show that all metal-gentamicin complexes have higher antimicrobial activity than gentamicin (0.25 to 1 mmol) on its own. Finally, mechanisms of P. aeruginosa biofilms resistance to these metal-antibiotics are also proposed.
Preoperative Acetate Templeting in Primary Total Knee Replacement: Does it Matter?
Authors: Siron Khairul Nizam , Rahin Mohd Shahidan Noor , Che Ahmad Aminuddin , Zulkifly Ahmad Hafiz
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Preoperative templating is a crucial step in a total knee arthroplasty. We conducted a prospective study of 100 patients subjected for total knee arthroplasty. The aim of this study is to determine whether the size of the prostheses used in primary knee arthroplasty may be reliable and accurately predicted using acetate templating techniques. Methods: A cohort of 100 patients plan for Total Knee Arthroplasty was included in this cross-sectional study. Pre-operative radiographs were templated using acetate templates (Zimmer, Warsaw, Indiana, USA). The mismatch between templated and implanted sizes were observed and recorded. The accuracy and reliability of preoperative templating were assessed and analyzed using student t-test and ANOVA. Results: Using the acetate template technique, it was possible to accurately predict the tibial component size in 48% and femoral component in 47% of the knees. When the accuracy to within one size was included, the templating was correct in 95% and 97% respectively. There was no size mismatch for more than 2 sizes. This study has shown a higher tendency to template smaller size for both components in total knee arthroplasty. Conclusions: We conclude that the acetate templating method is reliable method in determining and guiding the surgeon to predict for varies prostheses sizes preoperatively in centre where the digital template facility is not available.
Denture Box, A New Invention In Copy Denture Technique: User Overview
Authors: Yacob Norlela , Abdul Fatah Faizah
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Copy denture procedure was introduced in 1962 for the construction of spare denture. However, throughout the years, the procedure has undergone developments in terms of the techniques and materials used for the construction of the replica denture. One of the most popular methods to construct the replica is by using soap box. A group of researchers from USIM have invented Denture Box and the product has been registered with Malaysian Industrial design (MY-16-00546-0101). Therefore, a study was conducted to assess the satisfaction of the Denture Box among dentists and dental technologists. Materials and Methods: Participants who attended the Copy Denture Workshop organized by USIM on 13th April 2017 were asked to make a replica denture from soap-box and Denture Box. A pre-tested questionnaire use 5-point Likert scale was distributed to get their feedback regarding Denture Box after the workshop. Results: Based on their experience during the workshop, all participants (n=41) were satisfied and agreed that the box was 100% practical to use with mean score 4.40±0.49. 92.7% of the participants agreed that the invention can reduce the total cost of denture construction (mean score 4.24±0.57) and 85.5% agreed that Denture Box can save time for denture construction (mean score 4.24±0.71). Interestingly, 87.8% of the participants were excited to use the product in future (mean 4.31±0.67). Conclusion(s): Overall satisfaction from using Denture Box was good. Therefore, Denture Box is ready to be commercialised after some design improvement by taking into consideration a few suggestions made by the participants.
Orthognatic Surgery And Treatment: An Islamic Legal Maxims Analysis
Authors: Ahmad Tarmidzi Nor Azura , Wan Ismail Wan Abdul Fattah , Nik Salleh Nik Salida Suhaila , Mochammad Sahid Mualimin , Ramli Haslinda , Mohamed Ramli Nalisha , Halib Nadia , Abdul Ghaffar Nur Akilah
Published: January 2021

Introduction: The position of facial bones contribute great impact to the shape of the face. Shape of these underlying facial bones responsible for a person facial proportions, angles and contours. Facial deformity can either be congenital or acquired. Functional impairment related to facial deformity include chewing problems, breathing problems, speech impairments and temporomandibular joint pathology. Orthognathic surgery is a procedure involving incision and manipulation using instrument to align the jaws. Performing cosmetic surgery seems to change the creation of Allah and the original law of changing Allah creation is prohibited. Materials and Methods: The approach use in this study is based on analysis of Quran, Sunnah, views of ulama and contemporary fatwas. Results: In assessing the orthognathic surgery law for patients with this dentofacial defect, the researcher found that the main issues that need to be investigated are the difficulties existed (Masyaqqah) and the level of patient harm in addition to the intention or purpose of performing orthognathic surgery. However, according to the principles of the Islamic jurisprudence, orthognathic surgery is permitted based on the principles such as ad-darar yuzal, almusyaqqah tajlibu al-taisir, al-darurat tuqaddiru biqadaruha, Irtikab Akhaf Al-Dhararain and aldarurat tubihu mahzurat serta al-Umur bimaqasidiha. Conclusion(s): Orthognathic surgery is permissable because the purpose is not to alter the original look but as measurement to treat defects and to restore function. This objective is very consistent with the fiqh rules that stated, every harm and distress should be eliminated.
Parents' Satisfaction On The Quality Of Dental Care Provided By Dental Students At IIUM Paediatric Dental Clinic
Authors: Ali Yeon Asilah Anis Bt , Kamaruddin Athirah Izyan bt , Harun Nor Asilah bt , Kusumawardani Anisa
Published: January 2021

Introduction: In dental schools, the clinical students are closely supervised to ensure a good quality of care delivery. However, little is known about the relation between the patients' satisfaction and the quality of care they received, therefore the aim of this study was to assess the relation between parents' satisfaction and the quality of dental care provided by dental students at IIUM students' polyclinic during paediatric clinical session. Materials and Methods: A self-administered questionnaire on service quality, interpersonal communication, and efficacy and treatment outcome dimensions were distributed to parents who attended their children dental treatment from September 2016 until December 2016. Meanwhile, the students' performances were assessed for their clinical and soft skills by the allocated paediatric dentistry lecturer. Data collected were analysed by using X² test. Results: 42 questionnaires and assessment forms were completed and analysed. The result showed 71.1% of the parents were satisfied with the quality of dental care provided despite the students' performance outcomes were moderate (84.2%). There is no significant difference between parents' satisfaction and the quality of dental care provided by the dental students (p>0.05). Mother showed higher percentage of satisfaction (60%) compared to father (36.4%). However, there is no significant relation between parents' satisfaction and the gender of the parents (p=0.076). Conclusion(s): Generally, parents are satisfied with the dental care provided by the dental students at IIUM Paediatric Dental Clinic regardless of the quality. Hence, parents' satisfaction could not be the best tool to assess the quality of care provided by the operators.
Preference Of Dental Practitioner On Antibiotic Prophylaxis For Infective Endocarditis Guidelines: The Cohort Of Klang Valley
Authors: Ahmad Tarmidzi Nor Azura , Mohamed Ramli Nalisha , Ghazali Norzalina , Mohd Isa Mohd Nazrin , Hakim@Abdul Khakin Ammar Yaseer bin Abdul
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Antibiotic prophylaxis guidelines for infective endocarditis have been regularly revised and modified based on current scientific evidence. These guidelines commonly regarded as standard of care and determine the medicolegal standards. The aim of this study was to elicit the current practice of prophylaxis antibiotic for Infective endocarditis among general dental practitioner in Klang Valley. Materials and Methods: A standardized questionnaire forms were distributed to the selected dental practitioners in Klang Valley by mail. Results: 43 out of 427 questionnaires was answered and posted back. 70.6% of the respondent claimed to be following guidelines that advocate antibiotic prophylaxis for the prevention of infective endocarditis (American Heart Association, British Cardiac Society, European Society of Cardiology) while others claimed to be following The National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence guidelines (no antibiotic prophylaxis). However, majority of the respondent showed poor compliance towards the guideline. Several barriers have been identified. Conclusion(s): Majority of the respondent preferred to choose AHA guidelines for antibiotic prophylaxis. However, adherence to the guidelines seems to be low. Efforts to increase awareness of the guidelines among the dental practitioner should be taken.
Primary Causes for Tooth Extraction Among Patients Attending The IIUM Kulliyyah Of Dentistry Polyclinic
Authors: Muhammad Ali Suhaila , Shaaban Mustafa Nazih , Ali Kashmoola Muhannad
Published: January 2021

Introduction: To investigate the pattern and major causes of tooth extraction among patients attending IIUM Kulliyyah of Dentistry Polyclinic. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective study. Total 1036 number of tooth extraction done in the polyclinic were recorded to determine the causes of tooth extraction among patients attending the Polyclinic IIUM. Study period was from year 2012 to 2015. Collecting patients’ information was required from Pearl dental system and clinical year students’ Oral Surgery Department logbooks. Information includes patient’s name, identity card number, diagnosis and indications for dental extractions noted for each case. Other demographic features such as age, gender and race were analysed by using SPSS Chi-Square test. Result: The major causes of tooth extraction were dental caries 53.3%, periodontal problem 20.9%, impaction 7.7%, orthodontic reason 4.6%, malposted 3.6%, pre-prosthetic 0.9% and other reasons 8.9%. Among races, Malay had highest tooth extraction cases which were 85.2%, followed by Chinese 11.2%, Indian 2.8% and others 0.8%. Based on gender, female had total of 56.6% of tooth extraction while male 43.4%. Highest prevalence of extraction was patients’ age between 21 to 40 years old (44.4%) followed by age between 41 to 60 years old (35.5%). Conclusion: Dental caries is the major causes for tooth extraction among patients attending IIUM Kulliyyah of Dentistry Polyclinic.
Salvodara Persica As An Oral Aids For Edentulous Patients
Authors: Mohamed Nusima , Yacob Norlela , Wan Ali Wan Nor Syariza , Ali Aida
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Salvadora percisa (popularly known as miswak) has been widely used as an aid for oral hygiene in dentate patient. There is no side effect of using miswak stick. A new approach introduced the role of miswak stick in edentulous patient. It may prevent the incidence of denture stomatitis among denture wearer. This study assessed the effectiveness of the miswak stick as an oral aid in edentulous patients as an alternative treatment for denture stomatitis. Materials and Methods: A clinical case control study included patients affected by denture stomatitis. The Miswak stick was introduced to the subjects to use as the oral device to clean the denture and oral mucosal area everyday. Pre- and postoperative assessment (clinical and photographic) were evaluated within 8 to 12 weeks and analysed by comparing the mapping of denture stomatitis inflammation. Results:  A total of 11 subjects with denture stomatitis comprised as type 1; n=5 (46%), type 2; n=4 (36%) and type 3; n=2 (18%). 54.5% of subjects showed more than 50% reduction in the mapping of denture stomatitis inflammation (p<0.05) after the use of miswak stick. This study also showed that the use of miswak stick for more than 3 weeks to Type I and II denture stomatitis (54.6%) has successfully reduce the inflammation for more than 50%. 54.5% of the subjects with good denture hygiene has 50% more reduction of denture stomatitis. Conclusion(s):  The miswak stick was significantly effective to reduce the denture stomatitis with a regular use and maintenance of good denture hygiene.
Standard Versus Real Versus Fake Braces: Design And Microstructure Comparison
Authors: Nasir Siti Hajjar , Abu Bakar Noraini , Samad Rosdiyana
Published: January 2021

Introduction: The growing demand for orthodontic braces among Malaysian community has led to the development of "fake" and "real" braces. "Fake" braces refer to braces that are worn as costume and are not bonded to teeth hence unable to produce movement of teeth. "Real" braces refer to braces that are bonded to tooth structure and are able to produce tooth movement. The braces are bonded by unqualified practitioners with no formal dental education and they provide braces treatment in unlicensed premises such as hotel rooms or patients' own homes. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted to investigate the design and microstructure of several types of "fake", "real" and standard braces. A total of 9 upper right central incisor brackets were scanned using high resolution scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with magnifications of 65x, 500x and 1000x. Brackets slot heights and depths were also measured to compare slot dimensions between "fake", "real" and standard braces. Results: The surface textures of "fake" and "real" braces were noticeably more granular and unpolished as compared to conventional brackets. Furthermore, all "fake" and some "real" braces upper right central incisor bracket designs were distinctly different from the standard braces. The slot dimensions of "fake" and "real" braces were also significantly larger that standard braces. Conclusion(s): In conclusion, the surface texture and morphology of "fake" and "real" braces were crude and different when compared to conventional brackets.
The Antimicrobial Effect Of Virgin Coconut Oil On Oral Pathogen
Authors: Mohamad Nasir Nur Ainatul Mardia Bt , Abllah Zurainie Bt , Shahdan Intan Azura Bt , Jalaludin Anil Azura Bt
Published: January 2021

Introduction: As time progressed, our diet changed to include the types of foods that will promote decay and so dental caries became a widespread and serious concern. Dental caries had been reported adding to the significantly high number of oral health problem worldwide, causing a burden to health care system. Despite the existing of prevention courses, the numbers did not appear to decrease. Originated from natural resources, virgin coconut oil (VCO) has been proposed as an alternative treatment as it has been reported to demonstrate antimicrobial activity on various bacteria. Hence, the present study aimed to investigate whether VCO has antimicrobial effects on certain, selected cariogenic bacteria. Materials and Methods: Crude extract of VCO was prepared by using a natural method of fermentation. The composition of VCO were screened using Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrophotometry (GCMS). The antimicrobial activities of VCO were evaluated against three selected oral pathogens; Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus casei and Candida albicans using disc diffusion method. The inhibitory activities of VCO were determined by measuring the diameter of inhibition zone. The antimicrobial activities were further tested using broth micro-dilution technique to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). Results: The inhibition zone was observed on Candida albicans plate, however no inhibitions were observed on Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus casei plates. The MIC and MBC results were inconsistent in 3 duplication that have been done for all the bacteria. Conclusion(s): VCO demonstrated potential antimicrobial activity against Candida albicans but not on Streptococcus mutans and Lactbacillus casei.
The Development And Evaluation Of Water Irrigator For Plaque Removal
Authors: Abdul Aziz Azrul Hafiz , Zainuzzaman Nik Mohd Syahmi , Ibrahim Nur Aliah Afifah , Halib Nadia
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Patient undergoes orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances have more plaque retentive area compare to normal person. Therefore, this patient requires higher standard of oral hygiene care. One of adjunctive cleaning device for oral hygiene care is water irrigator. There are several types of water irrigator available in the market such as syringe type, electricity and battery operated. However, the problem is the available water irrigators are expensive. Materials and Methods: A prototype of water irrigator was designed and constructed in USIM. The water irrigator is faucet powered so that the pressure can be easily controlled by adjusting the tap. Four dental arches with orthodontics brackets were prepared using sets of natural teeth mounted on plaster of paris. Artificial plaque was prepared and grown on the dental arches. Plaque score was recorded based on Rustogi modification of navy plaque index (RMNPI) before and after irrigation with water irrigator. The procedure was repeated using toothbrush which act as control group. All the data were collected and analysed using SPSS version 22. Results: The initial mean plaque score for water irrigator was 6.34 and 2.54 after cleaning. While the initial mean plaque score for toothbrush was 6.04 and 3.71 after cleaning. This showed that there were significantly reduction of 60% and 39% plaque score after using water irrigator and tooth brushing respectively. Conclusion(s): In conclusion, both tooth brushing and the new water irrigator can significantly remove dental plaque accumulation on the tooth surface. However, water irrigator showed better results in removal of dental plaque accumulation.
The Effect Of Gargling Green Tea On Salivary Flow Rate On Female With Xerostomia At Puskesmas Darussalam Medan
Authors: Lubis Wilda Hafny , Tampubolon Kiky Erika , Saragih Awaluddin
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Saliva is important in maintaining the health of the oral environment. A reduction of the saliva flow by 40% to 50% will cause xerostomia. Xerostomia as the main complaint, experience by about 14%-46% of patients. The objective of this research is to find out the influence of green tea gargle to saliva flow rate in xerostomia patient. Materials and Methods: Green tea with the Latin name Camellia sinensis (L). Polyphenol compounds, catechins in this tea cause a bitter taste that can stimulate the central nervous system resulting in increased salivary secretion. Green tea weighing 3 grams, brewed with 20 ml of hot water an let to stand for 5 minutes then strained and used it for gargeling. The subjects of the study were female of Puskesmas Darussalam visitors. The sample was selected using purposive sampling method and they consisted of 20 people for gargling group of green tea and 20 for gargeling aquades. Saliva was obtained by spitting method. Results: The mean difference in salivary flow rate gargling the aquades was about 0.033350 ml / min, while the mean difference of salivary flow rate gargling the green tea was about 0.281750 ml/min. The statistical T test was unpaired, p = 0,000 difference in mean difference of salivary flow rate was significant, between treatment group and control group. Conclusion(s): The group with green tea gargeling was better in stimulating salivary flow rate.
The Evaluation Of Streptococcus Mutans Content Of Saliva In Patients With Recurrent Oral Ulceration
Authors: Al-Ahmad Basma Ezzat Mustafa , Ali Kashmoola Muhannad , Zakaria Nur Aini Binti
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Recurrent oral ulcer is a chronic inflammatory condition characterized by mucosa ulceration, which was believed to have bacterial etiology. Streptococcus mutans is one of the bacteria which have been implicated in this case; it is gram-positive bacteria that reside in the biofilms on the tooth surfaces. The aim of this study was to evaluate Streptococcus mutans content in saliva of recurrent oral ulcer patients and its role as a prognostic factor. Materials and Methods: Saliva samples were obtained from 60 patients. They were divided into two groups, 30 recurrent oral ulcer patients and 30 controls. Sample of whole unstimulated saliva was collected and dropped onto the Caries Risk Test bacteria kit media by micropipette. After incubation at 37oc for 48 hours, the viable colonies were observed and the presence of Streptococcus mutans was determined semiquantitatively. The association between level of salivary Streptococcus mutans and the occurrence of the recurrent oral ulcer was tested using chi-squared test with p≤0.05 was accepted as significant. Results: The level of Streptococcus mutans was significantly higher in oral ulcer group as compared to the control group (p=0.009782). Male shows higher Streptococcus mutans concentration than female in both groups. Conclusion(s): Positive Streptococcus mutans colonization in the saliva were most pronounced in patients who has recurrent oral ulcer, suggesting that there is a relationship between increased presence of Streptococcus mutans and recurrent oral ulcer which may lead to the conclusion that Streptococcus mutans may be involved in the disease process of recurrent oral ulcer.
The Incidence Of Tori In Malaysians- A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Shareif Alani Mohammed Subhi
Published: January 2021

Introduction: The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of torus palatinus and torus mandibularis in Malaysians. The objectives are to evaluate the incidence of tori according to ethnicity, to assess the incidence of tori according to gender and to determine the incidence of torus palatinus vs torus mandibularis. Materials and Methods: This study was carried out in MAHSA Dental Clinic by collecting the data of 97 patients (15-74 years old) with 133 torus palatinus and torus mandibularis (2008-2014). Data included patient's age, race, gender, presence of the tori with their size; number and location. The presence of tori was confirmed by clinical inspection. Subjects were classified by their ethnicity as well as location of the tori. Impression and study casts were made for assessment of the size and shape of the tori. The tori were measured by A digital caliper and average size was graded by Reichart's classification. The data analyzed by Chi-Square test Results:  Out of the 133 cases; 40% were Malay, 37% were Chinese and 23% were Indians with no significant finding (p-value=0.2783). 47.4% of the subjects were from the third decade of life. Male to female ratio 1:2 with 37% male and 63% female. Among all the cases, 53% were torus palatinus, 19% were torus mandibularis and 28% had both. Larger size of tori was found in Malays. Conclusion(s):  The frequency of tori is relatively high in Malaysian population but unrelated to ethnicity. The etiology of tori seems to be multifactorial in nature and needs more researches to unravel.
The Knowledge And Practice Of Copy Denture Technique Among Dentist And Dental Technologist
Authors: Yacob Norlela , Abdul Fatah Faizah , Wan Ali Wan Nor Syariza , Mohamed Nusima , Winarti Tine Martina , Ali Aida
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Copy denture technique is a classic technique for construction of a new denture based on the favourable aspects of the original denture using a replica. This technique helps in adaptation of new denture in elderly population. The aim of this paper was to assess the knowledge and practice of copy denture technique among dentists and dental technologists. Materials and Methods: A pre-tested questionnaire was sent to all participants who attended the Copy Denture Workshop organized by USIM on 13th April 2017. Two sets of the same questionnaire were distributed to the participant before and after the seminar. Results: Out of 100 participants, only 77% (n=77) have given valid feedbacks. The results showed, even though 54.5% (n=42) participants had more than 5 years of clinical experience, 42.9% (n=33) of the participants have poor knowledge in this technique before the seminar begin. However 55.9% presented with positive attitude towards copy denture. Most of the participants did not know about copy denture technique (43.1%) and the advantages of the technique (32.9%). 74.1% (n=57) participants were uncertain to perform the technique and did not have the skills to perform the copy denture technique. However, after attending the workshop, their attitude towards copy denture increased (+15.6%) and the mean score value was statistically significance with p-value 0.049. Conclusion(s): Awareness and workshop on copy denture technique should be encouraged to improve knowledge and practice, so that the patient who requested for replacement denture will benefit from this technique.
Tornwaldt Cyst: A Case Report Of Unusual Dental Symptoms
Authors: Mohd Rasoul Asfizahrasby , Ibrahim Norliwati
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Tornwaldt's (Thornwaldt's) or nasopharyngeal cyst is an uncommon developmental benign cyst located in the midline postero-superior wall of nasopharynx. Incidence reported in general population is 0.06%. It occurred in the potential space due to outpouching of ectoderm into the pharyngobasilar fascia at the site where notochord attached to pharyngeal ectoderm. The cyst developed when the epithelial lining of the pouch secrets mucous following recurrent infection or trauma of the nasopharynx. Although majority of the cases are asymptomatic, patients may present with clinically-significant nasal, ear or cervical symptoms. Thus, most of Tornwaldt cyst cases were reported under otorhinolaryngology (ORL)-associated journals. However, patient presented with dental symptoms has never been reported before. This case is the first one as such to be reported.
Addressing Islamic Values in Medical Imaging Professionalism
Authors: Muhamad Ruzlan Siti Maryam , Zainuddin Zainul Ibrahim
Published: January 2021

This paper presents a conceptual framework in aligning the integration of Islamic values into the Medical imaging practices through the aspect of Islamic Personality (IP). IP is a form of moral quality in the psychological aspects of a human, which is governed by the belief in Allah as the One God and Prophet Muhammad (Peace be upon him) as His servant and His messenger. This work is seen within the context of harmonizing Islamic values to the currently accepted professional attributes in medical imaging. The medical imaging practice is comprised of various domains; basic principles in healthcare and medical imaging, patient care, use of technology, the technicalities or procedures, quality, safety, economic, research and professionalism. In order to conceptualize the IP as applicable for Muslim Medical imaging practitioners’ ten professional guidelines were examined. The extracted professional attributes were sorted into common themes within the context of the above domains. From the examination of the guidelines, the expected professional attributes of medical imaging practitioners are closely related to the concepts in Islamic ethics (‘ilm al-akhlaq) and circle around character building. There are nineteen common professional personality traits that were determined from the Medical imaging professional guidelines; 1) respectful, 2) safe practice, 3) safe activity, 4) equality, 5) trustworthy, 6) honesty and integrity, 7) truthful, 8) responsible and accountable, 9) compassionate, 10) wisdom, and 11) being up-to-date, 12) competence, 13) teamwork, 14) self-reflection, 15) dignity, 16) ethical behaviors, 17) adhere to laws and regulations, 18) effective communication, and 19) continuity of knowledge and skills development. Some of these traits were interpreted within the Islamic perspectives as applicable for Muslim Medical imaging practitioners. The outlined conceptual framework could be a model for improvement in the practice of Muslim Medical imaging practitioners in terms of IP. In conclusion, the professional attributes as addressed in the current professional guidelines are feasible to be aligned with the IP to form a set of Islamic personalities that are applicable for Muslim Medical imaging practitioners.
An Overview of the Application of Maqasid Al-Shariah into Cartilage Tissue Engineering
Authors: Ahmad Radzi Muhammad Aa’zamuddin , Hashi Abdurezak Abdulahi , Sha’ban Munirah
Published: January 2021

Tissue engineering, being part of regenerative medicine approaches has been researched and applied to treat the articular cartilage diseases. It offers benefit to humankind by improving healthcare economics, better treatment options and quality of life among the osteoarthritic patients. It is felt that this promising field requires Islamic essences to be addressed to its concepts and practices. The paper begins with the discussion of the potential of cartilage tissue engineering in overcoming the harms that may impact the healthcare stakeholders (patients, providers, medical professionals, researchers and healthcare authorities). This will be followed by deliberations based on the Maqasid al-Shariah (five higher objectives of Islamic Law), namely, safeguarding of faith, soul, wealth, mind, and offspring. The deliberations illustrate a general idea of cartilage tissue engineering concept and practices in relation to what Islam champions. Islamic Law is comprehensive and incorporates the moral propositions to the medical discipline. It is presented that every legal ruling in Islam has a function to achieve the benefit to human beings or to protect against harm. The application of Maqasid al-Shariah can serve as a practical framework in healthcare setting especially cartilage tissue engineering. It is hoped that this paper will open further discourses to facilitate for a decree by the relevant authority pertaining to the experimentation and practice of tissue engineering, particularly cartilage tissue engineering.
Assessment of Prophetic Foods Consumption among Lactating Mothers: Combining Quantitative & Qualitative Approaches
Authors: Abdul Basir Siti Munirah , Mohd Shukri Nor Azwani , Abdul Ghani Radiah , Ibrahim Muhammad , Ali Khan Khattak Muhammad Muzaffar , Nor Omar Muhammad
Published: January 2021

Introduction: The phrase ‘Prophetic food and medicine’ reflects the words and actions of the Holy Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) with the bearing of disease, treatment of disease, and care of patients. Among plants mentioned in the Al-Quran, Al-Hadith and Islamic literature are dates, pomegranates, figs, olive and black cumin seeds. These plants are widely used for medicinal purposes, as functional foods and industrial products. However, there are limited studies found regarding their effect on human milk quality and quantity. Thus, this paper aims to describe the methodology to assess knowledge, attitude, and practice of prophetic foods consumption among lactating mothers in Kuantan, Pahang. Methodology: Pregnant Malay mothers aged 18 to 40 years old, at a gestational duration of ≥ 32 weeks, are recruited. During the lactation period, their dietary intake (specifically the consumption of prophetic foods) are assessed using a quantitative method which is food frequency questionnaire. A subsample of these mothers is then interviewed using semi-structured interview method on the prophetic food consumption. Quantitative and qualitative data are analysed using SPSS and NVivo software, respectively. Result: Reports of positive effects of prophetic food consumption on lactation experience namely improving human milk production is anticipated from this study. In addition, it will provide a foundation for further exploration of the role of prophetic food consumption in the lactation process. Conclusion: This research is at the forefront to provide the data on potential practice and application of prophetic foods in positively influencing lactation experience and quality of human milk.
Physicochemical Characteristics of Malaysian Stingless Bee Honey from Trigona Species
Authors: IJ Fatima , AB Mohd Hilmi , I Salwani , M Lavaniya
Published: January 2021

The physicochemical properties of stingless bee honey are diverse according to origin of geographical or botanical and fruit or flower season. These factors result in production of honey with different colour, pH, ash and water content although the bee species is similar. To date, the physicochemical properties of honey from Malaysian Trigona species are unknown. Therefore, determination of physicochemical properties of honey from stingless bee is crucial for Malaysian researchers in order to analyse the purity of the honey. Five honey samples were used for the current study. Four samples were stingless bee honey from two of the most common domesticated Malaysian stingless bee species; Trigona thorasica and Trigona itama. Meanwhile, one sample was from Tualang honey. For stingless bee honey, the values for pH, moisture content, electrical conductivity, ash content and hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) were 2.79±0.04 to 2.95±0.02, 28.3±0.68 to 33.7±0.51, 0.47±0.22 to 0.55±0.38, 0.132±0.03 to 0.532±0.83 and 0.080±0.16 to 3.42±1.03, respectively. The colour of stingless bee honey varies based on observation or absorbance assay. The study described the physicochemical properties derived from Malaysian bees of Trigona thorasica, Trigona itama, and Apis Dorsata.