bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Computational Intelligent Paradigms to Solve the Nonlinear SIR System for Spreading Infection and Treatment Using Levenberg–Marquardt Backpropagation
Authors: Umar Muhammad , Sabir Zulqurnain , Zahoor Raja Muhammad Asif , Gupta Manoj , Le Dac-Nhuong , Aly Ayman A. , Guerrero-Sánchez Yolanda
Published: April 2021

The current study aims to design an integrated numerical computing-based scheme by applying the Levenberg–Marquardt backpropagation (LMB) neural network to solve the nonlinear susceptible (S), infected (I) and recovered (R) (SIR) system of differential equations, representing the spreading of infection along with its treatment. The solutions of both the categories of spreading infection and its treatment are presented by taking six different cases of SIR models using the designed LMB neural network. A reference dataset of the designed LMB neural network is established with the Adam numerical scheme for each case of the spreading infection and its treatment. The approximate outcomes of the SIR system based on the spreading infection and its treatment are presented in the training, authentication and testing procedures to adapt the neural network by reducing the mean square error (MSE) function using the LMB. Studies based on the proportional performance and inquiries based on correlation, error histograms, regression and MSE results establish the efficiency, correctness and effectiveness of the proposed LMB neural network scheme.
Vacuum Polarization with Zero-Range Potentials on a Hyperplane
Authors: Fermi Davide
Published: April 2021

The quantum vacuum fluctuations of a neutral scalar field induced by background zero-range potentials concentrated on a flat hyperplane of co-dimension 1 in (d+1)-dimensional Minkowski spacetime are investigated. Perfectly reflecting and semitransparent surfaces are both taken into account, making reference to the most general local, homogeneous and isotropic boundary conditions compatible with the unitarity of the quantum field theory. The renormalized vacuum polarization is computed for both zero and non-zero mass of the field, implementing a local version of the zeta regularization technique. The asymptotic behaviors of the vacuum polarization for small and large distances from the hyperplane are determined to leading order. It is shown that boundary divergences are softened in the specific case of a pure Dirac delta potential.
Recent Advances in PRRS Virus Receptors and the Targeting of Receptor–Ligand for Control
Authors: Su Chia-Ming , Rowland Raymond Robert Richard , Yoo Dongwan
Published: April 2021

Cellular receptors play a critical role in viral infection. At least seven cellular molecules have been identified as putative viral entry mediators for porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). Accumulating data indicate that among these candidates, CD163, a cysteine-rich scavenger receptor on macrophages, is the major receptor for PRRSV. This review discusses the recent advances and understanding of the entry of PRRSV into cells, viral pathogenesis in CD163 gene-edited swine, and CD163 as a potential target of receptor–ligand for the control of PRRS.
Recombinant Toxoplasma gondii Ribosomal Protein P2 Modulates the Functions of Murine Macrophages In Vitro and Provides Immunity against Acute Toxoplasmosis In Vivo
Authors: Yu Zhengqing , Lu Yujia , Liu Zhaoyi , Aleem Muhammad Tahir , Liu Junlong , Luo Jianxun , Yan Ruofeng , Xu Lixin , Song Xiaokai , Li Xiangrui
Published: April 2021

Almost every warm-blooded animal can be an intermediate host for Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii); there is still no efficient vaccine and medicine available for T. gondii infections. Detected on the surface of free tachyzoites of T. gondii, T. gondii ribosomal protein P2 (TgRPP2) has been identified as a target for protection against toxoplasmosis. In the present study, TgRPP2 was firstly expressed in a prokaryotic expression system, and the purified recombinant TgRPP2 (rTgRPP2) was characterized by its modulation effects on murine macrophages. Then, the purified rTgRPP2 was injected into mice to evaluate the immune protection of rTgRPP2. The results indicated that rTgRPP2 could bind to murine Ana-1 cells and showed good reactogenicity. After incubation with purified rTgRPP2, the proliferation, apoptosis, phagocytosis, nitric oxide (NO) production, and cytokines secreted by murine macrophages were modulated. Furthermore, the in vivo experiments indicated that animals immunized with rTgRPP2 could generate a significantly high level of antibodies, cytokines, and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, leading to a prolonged survival time. All of the results indicated that murine macrophages could be regulated by rTgRPP2 and are essential for the maintenance of tissue homeostasis. Immunization with rTgRPP2 triggered significant protection, with prolonged survival time in a mice model of acute toxoplasmosis. Our results lend credibility to the idea that rTgRPP2 could be a potential target for drug design and vaccine development.
Introducing Non-Stationarity Into the Development of Intensity-Duration-Frequency Curves under a Changing Climate
Authors: Feitoza Silva Daniele , Simonovic Slobodan , Schardong Andre , Avruch Goldenfum Joel
Published: April 2021

Intensity-duration-frequency (IDF) relationships are traditional tools in water infrastructure planning and design. IDFs are developed under a stationarity assumption which may not be realistic, neither in the present nor in the future, under a changing climatic condition. This paper introduces a framework for generating non-stationary IDFs under climate change, assuming that probability of occurrence of quantiles changes over time. Using Extreme Value Theory, eight trend combinations in Generalized Extreme Value (GEV) parameters using time as covariate are compared with a stationary GEV, to identify the best alternative. Additionally, a modified Equidistance Quantile Matching (EQMNS) method is implemented to develop IDFs for future conditions, introducing non-stationarity where justified, based on the Global Climate Models (GCM). The methodology is applied for Moncton and Shearwater gauges in Northeast Canada. From the results, it is observed that EQMNS is able to capture the trends in the present and to translate them to estimated future rainfall intensities. Comparison of present and future IDFs strongly suggest that return period can be reduced by more than 50 years in the estimates of future rainfall intensities (e.g., historical 100-yr return period extreme rainfall may have frequency smaller than 50-yr under future conditions), raising attention to emerging risks to water infrastructure systems.
The Influence Mechanism of Freeze-Thaw on Soil Erosion: A Review
Authors: Zhang Lei , Ren Feipeng , Li Hao , Cheng Dongbing , Sun Baoyang
Published: April 2021

As an important type of soil erosion, freeze-thaw erosion occurs primarily at high latitude and altitude. The overview on the effect of freeze-thaw on soil erosion was provided. Soil erosion was affected by freeze-thaw processes, as thawing and water erosion reinforce each other. Remote sensing provided an unprecedented approach for characterizing the timing, magnitude, and patterns of large-scale freeze-thaw and soil erosion changes. Furthermore, the essence of soil freeze-thaw was the freeze and thaw of soil moisture in the pores of soil. Freeze-thaw action mainly increased soil erodibility and made it more vulnerable to erosion by destroying soil structure, changing soil water content, bulk density, shear strength and aggregate stability, etc. However, the type and magnitude of changes of soil properties have been related to soil texture, water content, experimental conditions and the degree of exposure to freeze-thaw. The use of indoor and field experiments to further reveal the effect of freeze-thaw on soil erosion would facilitate improved forecasting, as well as prevention of soil erosion during thawing in regions with freeze-thaw cycles.
Chemical, rheological, and organoleptic analysis of cow and buffalo milk mozzarella cheese
Authors: BHAT Abdul Rauf , SHAH Atta Hussain , AYOOB Mansoor , AYOOB Muhammad Faisal , SALEEM Farrukh , ALİ Muhammad Mohsin , FAYAZ Muhammad
Published: April 2021

This research was aimed to determine the impact of milk source on mozzarella cheese's chemical, rheological, and organoleptic characteristics. A total of 10 lots of cow and buffalo milk mozzarella cheese each were prepared. Prominent milk source influence on the chemical characteristics and calorific values of mozzarella cheese was determined. A decrease in moisture content and an increase in fat, protein, ash, and calorific values were noted in mozzarella cheese against their respective milk. Moisture content in cow milk mozzarella cheese (CMM) was considerably higher than buffalo milk mozzarella cheese (BMM). Average fat, ash content and calorific values appeared considerably high in BMM cheese compared to CMM cheese but protein content was recorded inverse and statistically non-significant (P>0.05). The average meltability was slightly higher in CMM cheese and the stretchiness of CMM cheese appeared significantly high from that of BMM cheese. BMM cheese was remarkably high in yield in contrast to that of CMM cheese. Appearance, flavor, and body/texture scores were slightly higher in CMM cheese as compared to BMM cheese. Regardless, the average benefit computed for BMM cheese was high in comparison to CMM cheese, the differences among them were statistically non-significant. The present study concludes that buffalo milk is better to produce mozzarella cheese with higher calorific values, better yield, and with more economic values, while cow milk is better to produce mozzarella cheese with the more proteinous, enhanced stretchiness, and better organoleptic quality.
La flexibilité de l’Accord de Paris sur les changements climatiques
Authors: Lemoine Marion
Published: April 2021

Flexibility of the Paris Agreement on climate change. The Paris agreement lays the foundation for a new international legal regime on climate change. To achieve a universal agreement, many compromises were made, reflected in the international agreement by signs of flexibility. Firstly, at the temporal level, a “periodic review mechanism of the National Contributions” is set up. Concerning then the means of implementation of the agreement, a new “mechanism for sustainable development” has been introduced. This mechanism aims to facilitate the implementation of international legal obligations with a logic of cost-effectiveness, reproducing in this sense the market mechanisms of the Kyoto Protocol. At least, at the normative level, flexibility of law is obvious in this agreement, in order to adapt norms to scientific knowledge evolution and political decisions.
Évaluation de l’Accord de Paris sur le climat à l’aune d’une norme globale de transparence
Authors: Tabau Anne-sophie
Published: April 2021

Les réactions suscitées par l’Accord de Paris oscillent entre enthousiasme politique, étant donné le défi diplomatique qui a été relevé, et déception militante, au regard de l’urgence et de l’ampleur des mutations à entreprendre pour faire face au changement climatique. L’analyse juridique de la COP21, de ses résultats et des perspectives qu’ils ouvrent nécessite cependant d’être réalisée à l’aune de critères dépassionnés. Celui proposé dans cette contribution fait appel à une norme globale de transparence. La grille de lecture offerte permet, ainsi, de situer l’Accord de Paris dans le cadre d’une gouvernance globale et complexe ; deux caractéristiques que la théorie du droit administratif global a pour ambition de mieux appréhender, à partir d’une approche empirique mais aussi prescriptive. Il en résulte que le point d’équilibre entre la transparence et l’opacité, l’intelligibilité, l’effectivité ou encore l’efficacité, est à la fois délicat à établir et instable. Si la façon dont a été placé le curseur au titre de l’Accord de Paris peut sembler à plusieurs égards contestable, il ne faut pas perdre de vue que celle-ci a vocation à évoluer.
Environmental Exposure to Glyphosate and Risk of Asthma in an Ecological Study
Authors: Avila-Vazquez Medardo , Difilippo Flavia Silvina , Mac Lean Bryan , Maturano Eduardo
Published: April 2021

There is strong evidence of the link between asthma and occupational exposure to pesticides and even glyphosate in agricultural workers, but it is limited on asthma and environmental or residential exposure to these chemicals. This research analyzes the prevalence of asthma in an agricultural town with high use of pesticides, mainly glyphosate. Is an ecological study conducted in Monte Maíz, Argentina, composed of a chemical and environmental analysis to determine the burden of exposure to glyphosate and pesticides in general, and a cross-sectional asthma study that uses the methodological criteria of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC); the prevalence’s found in Monte Maíz are compared with the results of ISAAC in Argentine cities with low exposure to pesticides. In Monte Maíz area 975 tons of pesticides are sprayed (650 are glyphosate) that are also stored inside the town.
Role of School Level Curriculum Toward Development of Entrepreneurial Intention of Student: A Cross Sectional Study in Bagmati Province, Nepal
Authors: Nepal Bijaya , Bahadur Silwal Yam , Adhikari Ram Prasad , Upadhyay Shankar Prasad , Luitel Chandra Prasad
Published: April 2021

Occupation, Business, and Technology (OBT) curriculum have been placed in basic school education in Nepal. The study hypothesized that the OBT curriculum could play an important role in developing students’ entrepreneurial intention. The study concluded that entrepreneurial intention could be effectively ignited if students are instilled with a sense of self-efficacy, desirability, and opportunity of entrepreneurship. Qualitative analysis has shown that OBT courses can effectively ignite entrepreneurial intent in students, but the teachers could not teach the students the reality of the OBT course at the beginning of the academic year; they could not do anything to stimulate their students interest. Likewise, during the teaching period, teachers could not use the textual materials, methods, observation tours, and experimental methods. Therefore, in rural areas, as compared to urban areas, in girls as compared to boys, entrepreneurial intent was not found to be effective. In this context, the entrepreneurial intention model has been proposed based on the findings and conclusions of the study, with the intention that it will ultimately help to inculcate entrepreneurial intent in students of all fields, genders, and classes in an equally effective way.
Effective Cross-Cultural Communication for International Business
Authors: Sahadevan Pavol , Sumangala Mukthy
Published: April 2021

In today’s business and pandemic scenario, working in an international team is common with remote workers, overseas offices, and inescapable cultural gaps. The diversity of co-workers may become a cultural barrier that some people don’t know how to overcome. Most of the professionals do not even realize the problems of cultural differences in their work. Cultural awareness helps managers to effectively transact with their employees and other stakeholders. Understanding the diverse workforce and guiding them for effective cross-cultural communication is essential for multicultural firms, or else they may face several issues in the areas of employee relationships, staffing, attrition rates, trade policies, mergers, advertising, business stakeholder relationships, team building, and negotiations. Language, stereotypes, non-verbal signs, emotional display, ethnocentrism, anxiety, uncertainty, perception, and prejudice are the invisible barriers to enculturation. This paper discusses how to effectively communicate in a culturally diverse organization by sharing and exchanging ideas based on mutual understanding, respect, and credibility. Best practices for effective cross-cultural communication are summarized in this chapter for the use of students, academicians, and managers in intercultural contexts. This will help them to gain some insights about multicultural environments and how to get along with people by maintaining etiquette, mutual respect, reciprocal cognition, and avoiding stereotypes. The study also discusses the importance of inclusive communication, constructive transactions, cross-cultural training, and design thinking in modern organizations. The paper may be very effective to teach subjects like Organisation behavior and International business communication.
A Study of Threats, Vulnerabilities and Countermeasures: An IoT Perspective
Authors: Choudhary Yash , Umamaheswari B , Kumawat Vijeta
Published: April 2021

IoT or the Internet of things refers to all the physical devices connected to the internet. IoT consists of computing devices that are web-enabled and have the capability of sensing, collecting, and sending data. IoT provides the ability to remote control appliances and has many more applications. Since IoT is becoming a big part of society, it is necessary to ensure that these devices provide adequate security measures. This paper discusses various security issues in IoT systems like threats, vulnerabilities and some countermeasures which can be used to provide some security. Developing a secure device is now more important than ever, as with the increase in digitization, much of a user’s data is available on these devices. Securing data is a primary concern in any system, as internet-enabled devices are easier to hack. The idea of this paper is to spread awareness and improve the security of IoT devices.
Economic Growth, Structural Transformation and Incidence of Poverty: Evidence from Kerala Economy
Authors: Pradeep Kumar B
Published: April 2021

In this paper, the emphasis is given to discussing the association between the growth rate and poverty reduction in Kerala. Kerala has become one of the states registering a high growth rate in the country. Kerala has undergone a structural change in growth and structural changes bear its effects on poverty and unemployment. In other words, poverty could be regarded as a declining function of the growth and structural change of an economy. Kerala, to a greater extent, stands testimony to this hypothesis. It is obvious that Kerala has registered remarkable progress in the growth rate of State Gross Domestic Product (SGDP) and the per capita income compared to other states in India. Compared to the past record of the State in the fifties, sixties, and seventies, the growth in production and service sectors in recent times has been more commendable. It is also found that the high growth that Kerala achieved in recent times has led to a commensurate decline in her poverty ratio compared to the all India levels and other states in India.
Participation of Women in Panchayati Raj: A Historical Perspective
Authors: Sudalai Moni T
Published: April 2021

Panchayati Raj plays a formidable role in enhancing the status of women in India during post-Independent times. In the colonial regime, women were not given adequate opportunity to involve and participate in the affairs of local bodies. However, in the 19th century, women gradually participated in the Panchayati Raj bodies when they were formally included in the electoral roll. During post-independent Era, due to the implementation of the Ashok Mehta Committee (1978) recommendation, National Perspective Plan, and 30 percent reservations seats for women in panchayats, there has been a substantial increase in women’s participation at all the levels of the Panchayati Raj bodies. Subsequently, the 72nd Amendment Bill and the 73rd amendment introduced in our parliament recommended 33 percent quotas for women. Encouraged by this, women have come forward in an ever-increasing number to join hands with the activities of Panchayat Raj Institution.Consequently, Central and State Governments encouraged women by implementing the 73rd constitutional amendment in 1993 (adding Article 243D and 243T), which also extended the privilege of seat reservation for SC/ST women in the local bodies. Due to this positive impetus, there has been a perceptible improvement in women’s participation in the last two decades. Due to unrestrained encouragement, the participation of women in Panchayati Raj is highly effective; thus, across India, more than 26 lakhs of women representatives got elected in PRI. This paper attempts to delineate the gradual growth of women’s participation in the Panchayati Raj Institution in various states in India.
Identifying Challenges and Barriers in Collecting, Documenting and Digitizing Palm Leaf Manuscripts in Eastern Sri Lanka
Authors: Navirathan Gayathiri , Sivarasa Oshanithi
Published: April 2021

The palm leaf manuscripts are the sources of the cultural heritage of our ancestors. It is a very crucial part of the librarians or archivists or curators to conserve and preserve them from passing the information and knowledge to successive generations. Palm leaf manuscripts indicate previous documentary heritage and conservation, preservation and made them available shortly is a challenging and demanding task at present. Sri Lanka has a rich history of documentary heritage comprised of valuable palm-leaf collections. In eastern Sri Lanka, the palm leaf manuscripts are spread everywhere as personal holdings.There are many countries all over the world that put much effort into preserving them for the future. One of the potent methods of preserving those endangered documents like manuscripts is digitization. At this point, there is an urgent need to find the suitability of preserving those palm leaf manuscripts in the facets of digitization techniques.As the palm leaf manuscripts are shown as endangered through ages while tackling them to collecting and documenting them, several challenges were faced. Therefore identifying the solutions to overcome those challenges and barriers is important to further the documentation and digitization process of palm leaf manuscripts. The study aims to find the challenges and barriers in collecting, documenting and digitizing those palm leaf collections in eastern Sri Lanka.
Economic Analysis on Covid-19 in Rural Economy
Authors: Chitra M , Malarvizhi C A , Aruthdha Shree N
Published: April 2021

IntroductionThe government of India under Prime Minister Narendra Modi ordered a nationwide lockdown to contain the spread of coronavirus outbreak in four phases as Phase 1: 25 March 2020-14 April 2020 (21 days), Phase 2: 15 April 2020-3 May 2020 (19 days), Phase 3: 4 May 2020-17 May 2020 (14 days), Phase 4: 18 May 2020-31 May 2020 (14 days) and ban the people from stepping out of their homes and all human economic activities for their breadwinning are paralyzing all over India. The government of Tamil Nadu followed the central government order. It implemented the same, which leads a great loss of economic activities of every individual, specifically in the rural agricultural economy.Objectives• The general objective is to identify the Economic effect of Covid-19 in the study area, specifically.• To examine the socio-economic status of the respondents in Musuvanoothu Panchayat.• To find out the awareness, perception and adapted preventive measures apart from social distance in the study area and• To identify the challenges and problems due to lockdown in the study area.Methods and MaterialsIt is a cross-sectional study with primary data collected from a panchayat. A panchayat named Musuvanoothu was selected from Nilakkottai Taluk, Dindigul District. The panchayat is consists of six hamlets with 1078 ration cardholders receiving their ration items from two ration shops one in head village Musuvanoothu and another one in Kallukottai. The respondents were selected from the head village ration shop accessing people alone and the interviewed number is 615 out of 670. The remaining persons are reluctant to answer the questions raised by the interviewer. A Purposive nonrandom sampling method was used in this paper with simple percentage analysis.Results and DiscussionThree fourth of the respondents are belong to the high potential age group of the labor force and doing farming activities, specifically floriculture and intercropping with vegetables. The yields obtain during the lockdown period leftover on the farm and losing earnings in front of their eyesight. Advances of money taken from the flower and vegetable merchants for farming activities cannot repay/settle by the farmers in the study area. Also, respondents borrowed money from money lenders for their lockdown food consumption expenses.ConclusionHealthy innocent farming communities are suffering from stress and mental health issue due to lockdown. A good amount of economic loss incurred which can be mitigated or avoided if public cold storage is availed in the study area. Small and marginal farmer’s agricultural loans & credit may be waived for their betterment in forthcoming days.
Serada Sonbahar Dönemi Dolmalık Biber Yetiştiriciliğinde Hibrit Çeşit Adaylarının Meyve Kalitesi ve Verim Performansları
Authors: ÖZGEN Rüveyda , BALKAYA Ahmet
Published: April 2021

Sebzelerde düşük sıcaklık zararı; büyüme ve gelişmeyi olumsuz etkileyerek verim ve kalite kayıplarına neden olan önemli bir abiyotik stres faktörüdür. Örtüaltı sebze yetiştiriciliğinde düşük sıcaklıklar nedeniyle tür ve çeşitlere göre değişmekle birlikte verim ve kalite performansları yönünden önemli düzeyde azalışlar meydana gelmektedir. Bu çalışmada, üniversite sanayi iş birliğiyle yürütülen biber çeşit ıslahı programı kapsamında geliştirilen 28 hibrit dolmalık biber çeşit adayının ısıtmasız serada sonbahar dönemi yetiştiriciliğinde meyve kalite ve verim özellikleri yönünden performanslarının karşılaştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Isıtmasız serada ilk hasatlar, fide dikiminden itibaren 46-58 gün sonra yapılmıştır. Dolmalık biber genotipleri arasında meyve boyu değerleri yönünden istatistiksel olarak önemli düzeyde farklılıkların olduğu bulunmuştur. Meyve eni değerleri, 47.31-55.86 mm arasında değişim göstermiştir. Renk tonları yönünden dolmalık biber genotipleri arasında belirgin farklılıkların olduğu saptanmıştır. Hibrit biber çeşit adaylarında bitki başına meyve sayılarının ortalama 15.6-30.0 adet arasında değiştiği belirlenmiştir. Çalışmada, Samsun ekolojik koşullarında serada hibrit biber çeşit adaylarının dekara verim değerlerinin, 2560.5 kg (HD-16) ile 5102.5 kg (HD-8) arasında değişim gösterdiği saptanmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda incelenen tüm parametreler birlikte değerlendirildiğinde; HD-4, HD-8 ve HD-24 genotiplerinin düşük sıcaklığa tolerant olduğu ve sonbahar dönemi yetiştiriciliği için ümit var hibrit dolmalık biber çeşit adayları olduğu belirlenmiştir.
Optimización de la eficiencia de la celda fotovoltaica
Authors: Sandoval-Villegas Juan Carlos , Tolosa-Garma Irving Manuel , Quintal-Vázquez José Francisco
Published: April 2021

The electrical production efficiency of a solar cell is affected by its operating temperature: when it increases, efficiency decreases. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate this effect and how the use of heat sinks help to improve the efficiency in photovoltaic cells at temperatures higher than those of design (NOCT 20 ° C). The experiment consisted in measuring environmental temperature, cell’s surface temperature, wind speed, voltage, current and power production of the solar cell while an electronically controlled load was connected(or demanding .01A). These measures were taken from two solar cells, one of them with a heatsink and the other (or another) without it. The measurements allowed us to obtain the current-voltage curve of both cells, which reveals that the cell with heat sink is more efficient in the production of energy than the cell without heat sink in a range between 3.4% -5.4%. The study was developed in the city of Cancún, Quintana Roo, with an average surface temperature of the panel of 40.42 ° C, average solar irradiation of 675 W/m2 and an average wind speed of 1.88 m/s.
Liberación de Ibuprofeno usando la red metalorgánica de Zirconio UiO-66
Authors: Báez-García Diana Laura , Santana-Cruz Alejandra , Loera-Serna Sandra
Published: April 2021

In the present work, a type of zirconium metal organic framework known as UiO-66 (reported by researchers from the University of Oslo, for which it is called acronym) was used to adsorb ibuprofen and release it in a medium simulating the blood pH. The bioviability and low toxicity of the UiO-66 are the characteristics by which this nanomaterial was chosen to transport a drug. This project implemented a methodology for the synthesis of UiO-66 at room temperature; it was also achieved to adapt the techniques of in vitro release of drugs reported in the literature, to the simulated release of ibuprofen using the UiO-66 framework. The aim of the in vitro simulation was to determine the efficiency with which this material transports and releases ibuprofen to the blood. Therefore, the simulation conditions considered a physiological temperature of 37 ° C and a release medium (buffer solution of phosphates) with pH similar to the blood. The results show that the release was carried out gradually during the first 24 h. In addition, regardless of the initial concentration, the amount of ibuprofen released was the same.
Deshidratación de plátano (Musa paradisiaca) por medio de radiación solar en un secador directo
Authors: Carrillo-Carrillo Manuela , Castorena-Alemán Juan Daniel , García-Jimenéz Fátima de los Ángeles , García-González Juan Manuel
Published: April 2021

The objective is to dehydrate banana (Musa paradisiaca) using two direct solar dryers. The purpose of dehydrating the banana, is to give an added value. The fruit is remove the peel, and cut into slices of 1.75 cm radius with a thickness of 0.525 cm. It is placed in two polymer mesh trays with dimensions of 24 cm by 34.2 cm. The initial moisture is determined, and weighed. Later they are introduced to solar dryers. For both dryers the humidity and the temperature of the medium are determined every 15 min, and the color is determined every hour. Finally, the moisture content of the final product is determined. Each test is done in triplicate. The percentage of humidity decreases from 57.23% to 20.87% in natural convection and 20.80% in forced convection. The drying time is 8 hours and the average operating temperature is 38.7 ° C for natural convection and 34.68 ° C for forced convection. In dehydration the percentage of humidity decreases 36.36% on average in the two forms of operation. In forced convection the product darkens less.
Caracterización de un músculo artificial de nylon y su implementación en una articulación de un robot manipulador serial
Authors: Zamudio-Martínez Patricio , Aguilar-Salazar Alejandro Tonatiuh
Published: April 2021

In this paper we present the study and description of a nylon muscle, to validate its performance and define its properties, applying loads on it and subjecting it to thermal stimuli. The results of the implementation of the nylon muscle are reported in a joint of a rigid mechanism, of a serial manipulator, however, the difficult thermal control that the muscle possesses makes the thermal shock (the ambient temperature and the applied one) wear at a certain point to the muscle, exhausting its properties or a very slow response from it. Testing that the material can only be used in the suspension of the load in the application of rigid systems. It is observed that an important feature of nylon muscles is their incredible capacity to contract loads that are higher than the same weight of the muscle and that by means of a thermal stimulus can be contracted thanks to its anisotropic property, just as the material is extremely attractive for the application of soft robotics and intelligent materials
Desarrollo experimental de un Domo solar
Authors: Rosales-Ramirez Mirna Margarita , Sánchez-Cortez José Alfonso , Araujo-Ramiro Jorge Arturo , Leon-Hernandez Juan Antonio
Published: April 2021

The project presented in the following scientific article shows the results obtained in an experimental work that was carried out by students of the renewable energy career, which aims to develop a solar dome, which uses the heat energy of the great star of the solar system, in addition to reducing pollution and reduce CO2 emissions to the Earth's atmosphere. The idea is simple, make a solar dome, with which you can heat and / or cook food, in an easier and cheaper way and without using conventional methods such as gas burning, and in rural areas, the use of firewood or other organic pollutants.
Análisis energético de un sistema termoeléctrico para el aprovechamiento del calor residual en un motor Turbofan mediante dinámica de fluidos computacional
Authors: ROJAS-AVILA Apolo , Valle-Hernández Julio , Castillo-Jiménez Víctor , Gallardo-Villareal José Manuel
Published: April 2021

This paper shows the energy analysis of a thermoelectric system coupled to a turbofan engine, which is based on the mathematical modeling of the heat transfer of the system during the cogeneration process using fluid dynamics (CFD). The use of waste heat from a turbofan engine would allow us to increase its efficiency which has both economic (due to fuel savings) and environmental (reduction of polluting gases). The proposed section for the installation of the thermoelectric system is the one that covers the turbine and the nozzle section of the turbofan engine, since they are sections in which there are better operating temperatures, in the order of 600 to 200oC. As results of the CFD simulation you get the distribution of temperatures through the thermoelectric and the difference of electrical potential generated. These results determine the overall efficiency of the system and the electrical energy generated by the waste heat. The energy generated by the thermoelectric system can be used in secondary aircraft systems, such as the lighting system, entertainment, etc. The importance of the analysis lies in increasing the overall efficiency of the engine combustion process, to reduce fuel consumption and the costs associated with it.
Comparaciones ópticas y estructurales de las películas de Óxido de Silicio rico en Silicio (SRO) depositadas por las técnicas LPCVD y HFCVD
Authors: Martínez Hernández Haydee Patricia , Luna-López José Alberto , Luna-Flores Adán , Hernández-De la Luz José Álvaro David
Published: April 2021

In this work, we conducted a comparative study of the optical and structural properties of Silicon Rich Oxide (SRO) films deposited by two chemical vapor deposition techniques: at Low Pressure (LPCVD) and activated by Hot Filament (HFCVD). SRO-LPCVD films were deposited at a silane and nitrous oxide pressures (R_0=P_(N_2 O)/P_(〖SiH〗_4 )) rate of R0=10 y R0=25. SRO-HFCVD films were deposited at a hydrogen pressure of 25 and 100 sccm, at a distance between source and substrate of 8 mm. To improve the optical properties, we have subjected the films obtained by both techniques to thermal treatments at high temperatures. The optical and structural characterizations that we used for comparison of the films were: Null Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Photoluminescence (FL), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM). The SEM microscopy corroborates the thicknesses of the SRO films obtained by Null Spectroscopy, likewise, the HRTEM microscopy corroborates the diameter size of the silicon nanocrystals (ncs-Si), which also were calculated theoretically with the band gap energy (Eg) obtained in the FL spectra. These characterizations show that either of the two techniques are excellent alternatives for obtaining SRO films with photoluminescent emission, which can be used for photodetector and electroluminescent devices.
Simulación y pruebas de laboratorio de un aspa de turbina de viento de 600W de acuerdo a la Norma IEC-61400-2
Authors: Marin-Tellez Paulina , López-Garza Víctor , Pérez-Juárez Erick , González-Ávalos Gilberto
Published: April 2021

In the present work is shown the numerical simulation performed by means of finite element software (FEA) and the static mechanical tests using extensometric techniques for a wind turbine blade of 600W in accordance with the international standard IEC 61400-2. A NACA 4412 profile was used and the loads applied were selected according to the following load hypotheses described in the standard: normal operation, maximum thrust, immobilization with wind load and maximum exposure. A methodology was developed for both the simulation and for the laboratory tests, the data of the microdeformation measured by extensometry were also analyzed and compared with those obtained by the numerical simulation. Concluding that the analysis of finite elements is a key step prior to manufacturing that allows us to save resources and gives us parameters to perform both manufacturing and testing. Laboratory tests are necessary to ensure safe and reliable functioning of the blade during its useful life.
Aplicación de nanopartículas de IrO2-WO3 como material anódico para la Reacción de Evolución de Oxígeno en un medio ácido
Authors: Cardona-Canto Jesús Ramsés , Cruz-Argüello Julio César , Trejo-Arroyo Danna Lizeth , Canté-Góngora Daniel
Published: April 2021

The hydrogen is an attractive energy carrier and electrolysis of water is the most efficient to H2 production process. The OER in the anode is the limiting reaction being the case of study. In the present work materials based on IrO2 and WO3 were developed in different mechanical mixing 100, 70:30, 50:50, 30:70, respectively, by means of a mechanical mixture from two chemical reduction syntheses. The IrO2 was obtained by 6.25 mM of IrCl3 dissolved in isopropyl alcohol by adjusting the pH with 1M NaOH and a 0.5 mol NH4OH reductant was applied by adjusting a basic pH of 13. The obtained precursor was filtered and calcined at 400 ° C for 1hr. WO3 was obtained from 10mM WCl6 dissolved in isopropyl alcohol and polyethylene glycol, generating a precursor of W (OH)x followed by a calcination process at 500 ° C for 1hr. The material was characterized by electrochemical techniques of CV, LV and EIS. The IrO2-WO3 (50:50) material has lower activation energy of overpotential at room temperature, and a maximum current density close to 20 mA /cm2 at 1.8V vs Hg/Hg2SO4.
Metodología para el Modelado y simulación de pruebas de fatiga en álabes de aerogeneradores de baja potencia
Authors: Ruiz-Nucamendi Nelson Octavio , Robles-Ocampo Jose Billerman , Sevilla-Camacho Perla Yasmin , Morales-Alias Luis Alberto
Published: April 2021

This article presents the design, simulation and fatigue analysis of various aerodynamic profiles used in low power wind turbines. For this purpose, the model of a blade of a horizontal axis wind turbine with a nominal power of 5 kW is developed. The analysis of the lift, drag and power coefficients of the aerodynamic profiles was carried out with the XFLR5 software. The methodology used for the blade design is based on the interactions and convergence method called BEM. Also, to simulate the structural and aerodynamic part of the element, the QBlade program was used. With the main objective of ensuring that the fatigue safety factors mentioned in the IEC 61400 standard are achieved, the Simplified Load Model was applied. The maximum fatigue value of 21,421.66 N and the maximum flapwise moment value of 698.41 Nm were obtained.
Physics at the Molecular and Cellular Level (P@MCL): A New Curriculum for Introductory Physics
Authors: Lapidus Lisa J.
Published: April 2021

In this article, I describe a new curriculum for introductory physics for the life sciences, a 2-semester sequence usually required of all biology majors. Because biology-related applications on the macroscale are complex and require mathematics beyond introductory calculus, the focus is entirely on applications from molecular and cellular biology. Topics that are more relevant for engineering have been removed, and topics relevant to biology have been added. The curriculum is designed around 2 main themes: diffusion and electric dipoles. Diffusion illustrates the concepts of conservation of momentum and energy and provides the framework for introducing entropy from the perspective of statistical mechanics. Electric dipoles illustrate the basic concepts of electromagnetic theory and provide the framework for understanding light waves and light interactions with biomolecules. These themes are supported by small computational activities to help students understand the physics without advanced mathematics. This curriculum has been piloted over the past 4 years at Michigan State University and should be applicable to many colleges and universities.
Institutioneller Wandel und Steuerung von "Förderbedürftigkeit" im Zugeinklusiver Bildung in Spanien 1960-2013. Ein qualitativerMehrebenenvergleich zur Berücksichtigung von Diversität inSekundarschulen in Andalusien
Authors: Schäfer Lea
Published: April 2021

Inklusive Bildung ist spätestens seit der UN-Konvention über die Rechte von Menschen mit Behinderungen (UN-CRPD) im internationalen und nationalen Diskurs vieler Länder verankert. Dennoch wird die Umsetzung national und regional unterschiedlich interpretiert und realisiert. Spanien, das bereits lange vor der UN-CRPD den Wertewandel von segregierter zu integrativer und schließlich zu inklusiver Bildung auf rechtlicher Ebene vollzogen hat sowie über eine im europäischen Vergleich äußerst niedrige Segregationsquote von Schüler*innen mit besonderen Bedürfnissen verfügt, steht im Fokus der vorliegenden Studie, die einen Beitrag zur internationalen Inklusionsforschung leistet. Durch die Anlage als qualitativer Mehrebenenvergleich kann der Forschungsgegenstand, die Berücksichtigung der „Förderbedürftigkeit“ von Schüler*innen im spanischen Schulsystem, auf unterschiedlichen Ebenen analysiert und in einigen Sekundarschulen in Andalusien regional eingegrenzt untersucht werden. Dies geschieht, um der Fragestellung nachzugehen, welche Rolle dabei Behinderung im Kontext des Diversitätskonzepts spielt, um inklusive Bildung und Chancengleichheit zu gewährleisten. Dabei bildet die Analyse des institutionellen Wandels von „Förderbedürftigkeit“ seit der Demokratisierung des Landes auf der nationalen Ebene den Ausgangspunkt der Studie, um diesen Begriff historisch herzuleiten, dessen pfadabhängige Entwicklung auf eine hohe institutionelle Stabilität sowohl hinsichtlich segregierter Beschulungsformen als auch bzgl. der Kategorisierung von Schüler*innen hinweist. Gleichzeitig zeigt die Untersuchung auf Schulebene, dass asymmetrische Steuerung in Kombination mit einer hohen Institutionalisierung segregierter Strukturen zur Reproduktion der rechtlich verankerten Berücksichtigung von Diversität von Schüler*innen in den Schulen führt – wenn auch anhand divergierender Differenzkategorien. Schlagwörter: Inklusive Bildung, Diversität, Sonderpädagogik, institutioneller Wandel, Spanien, Andalusien
Relation between thresholds of free radical generation and atomization under ultrasound exposure
Authors: Aikawa Takeshi , Kudo Nobuki
Published: April 2021

The relationship between thresholds of free radical generation and atomization under ultrasound exposure was investigated to elucidate the mechanisms of ultrasonic atomization. In the experiments to gradually increase the transducer driving voltage, the free radical generation, a quick transition of the water surface shape from a protuberance to a fountain, and atomization had the same threshold. The experiments using the acoustic loading conditions with the different water surface shapes also confirmed this fact. Furthermore, a focused shadowgram of the ultrasound field taken using a small container that mimics the protuberance visualized the generation of spotty-shaped high-intensity nodes inside and near the boundary of the protuberance. These results indicate that the induction of cavitation promoted by the high-intensity nodes triggers the appearance of the fountain that leads to the creation of atomization.
Electronic and lattice properties of nanostructured TiN/MgO and ScN/MgO superlattices
Authors: Kobayashi Kazuaki , Takaki Hirokazu , Shimono Masato , Kobayashi Nobuhiko , Hirose Kenji
Published: April 2021

Various nanostructured TMN(001) dot/MgO(001) (TM = Sc, Ti) superlattices have been investigated. Here, we consider single and double layered TM dot structures with rectangular and rectangular parallelepiped shapes. MgO-2 × 2 and −3 × 3 substrates were used. Their electronic states were obtained using a total energy pseudopotential method. The internal atomic coordinates from the repeated slab model in the unit cell were fully relaxed. Various relaxed structures and electronic properties of the TMN(001) dot/MgO-2 × 2 and −3 × 3 superlattices were obtained. We determined their total and partial densities of states. Peaks of density of states (DOS) of the ScN dot/MgO superlattices around the band gap consist of Sc 3d and N 2p states and those of the TiN dot/MgO superlattices consist of mainly Ti 3d states. The largest band gap value in the TiN(001) dot/MgO(001) (ScN(001) dot/MgO(001)) superlattice is 1.22 eV (1.48 eV) from the density-functional theory-local density approximation calculation. The electronic properties (band gap values, DOS curves, and many more) vary with varying dot shape and substrate size. Most band gap values corrected using a generalized density-functional theory were improved.
Isolation and antimicrobial susceptibility of Streptococcus canis from dogs
Authors: ŞABABOĞLU Ezgi , ÖZTÜRK Dilek , TÜRÜTOĞLU Hülya
Published: April 2021

Streptococcus canis is an important opportunistic pathogen that infects animals and humans. It causes various infections, including streptococcal toxic shock syndrome, otitis externa, arthritis, skin infections, necrotizing fasciitis, and septicemia in dogs and cats. It can also lead to human infections. There are still very few specific studies on the identification and antimicrobial resistance of this pathogen. In this study, the phenotypic and biochemical properties of 12 S. canis isolates obtained from the vaginal discharge of 11 dogs and the open wound of one dog with facial necrosis were determined, and their susceptibility to some antibiotics were investigated. The phenotypic and biochemical properties of 12 isolates, such as esculin hydrolysis, hippurate hydrolysis, synergistic CAMP-like hemolytic activity, brain hearth infusion agar containing 6.5% NaCl, and carbohydrate fermentation were investigated by conventional bacteriological methods. All the isolates were found in Group G according to Lancefield serogrouping. The presence of the species-specific 16S-23S rRNA gene intergenic spacer region (ISR) and sodAint gene was also detected in all the isolates using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. All the isolates were detected to be susceptible to penicillin G, cefoperazone, ampicillin and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, and resistant to gentamicin and neomycin.