bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
حالات حمل المطلق على المقيد وأثره على الاختيارات الفقهية
Authors: نجم الدين علي علي رشيد
Published: November 2023

تناول البحث حالات حمل المطلق على المقيد عند الشوكاني والحنفية والجمهوروتطبيقها على بعض المسائل الفقهية، لأن علماء الأصول اختلفوا في حالات حملالمطلق على المقيد ومنهم الإمام الشوكاني، فكان له أثر كبير على اختلافهم فيالأحكام الشرعية العملية. وقد هدف البحث إلى معرفة حالات حمل المطلق علىالمقيَّد عند الشوكاني، وأثرها على اختياراته الفقهية. واعتمد الباحث على المنهجالاستقرائي والمقارن والتطبيقي لطبيعة البحث، كما تم تقسيم البحث إلى أربعةمباحث، حيث كان المبحث الأول عن ماهية المطلق والمقيد وحكمهما، بينما كانالمبحث الثاني: شروط حمل المطلق على المقيد عند الجمهور وعند الحنفية. وكانالمبحث الثالث عن حالات حمل المطلق على المقيد. أما المبحث الرابع فكان عنالدراسة التطبيقية لحالات حمل المطلق على المقيد عند الإمام الشوكاني من المسائلالفقهية. وخلص البحث إلى النتائج من أهمها:1.يرى الإمام الشوكاني عدم حمل المطلق على المقيد في حالتي: اختلفا في السبب    والحكم أو اختلفا في الحكم واتحدا في السبب. ويحمل المطلق على المقيد في حالة:    اتحدا في السبب والحكم، وأن هذا الحمل هو بيان للمطلق، وليس نسخًا، وسواء    كان المطلق متقدما أو متأخرًا، أو جهل السابق منهما. وفي حالة إذا اختلف    المطلق والمقيد في السبب دون الحكم، فيحمل أحدهما على الآخر إن حصل    القياس الصحيح.2. موافقة الاختيار الفقهي للإمام الشوكاني مع رأيه الأصولي. 3. عند مقارنة رأي الإمام الشوكاني في أصوله الفقه في حمل المطلق على المقيد مع    اختیاره الفقهي يتبين الآتي:     أ. أنه لا يحمل المطلق على المقيد في حالة اتحدا في السبب والحكم إذا كان دليل التقييد لا يصلح للاحتجاج. كما في جواز قضاء رمضان متفرقًا، وتحريمبيع الكلب مطلقًا.ب. أنه يحمل المطلق على المقيد في حالة اتحدا في السبب والحكم، وكان دليلالتقييد يصلح للاحتجاج به كما في وجوب التتابع في صيام كفارة اليمين، وفي عدم وجوب صدقة الفطر على المسلم عمن تلزمه مؤونته من غير المسلمين، وفي جواز الشفعة للجار إذا كان طريقهما واحدًا.
أوجه اختلاف القراءات في ترسيخ العقيدة ورد الشبهات
Authors: همد عبده سعيد محمد
Published: November 2023

هذا البحث: أوجه اختلاف القراءات في ترسيخ العقيدة ورد الشبهات.. يهدف: إلى التعريف بأوجه اختلاف القراءات وتأثيرها على مسائل الاعتقاد والاستدلال بها، ورصد المسائل العقدية المتعلقة بأوجه اختلاف القراءات؛ لبيان ما ينبغي نحوها، في آيات موضوع الدراسة. وتناول هذا البحث: أثر أوجه الاختلاف في المسائل العقدية، وفي أن الجزاء هو بسبب العمل مع رحمة الله وتوفيقه للأعمال الصالحة وإذنه لدخول الجنة، والرد على من ادعى أن العبد ليس له فعل وأن الجزاء لا يترتب على العمل. وأن الطعن في القراءة الثابتة عن النبيّ الكريم، إخضاعًا للأقيسة النحوية، إشكال عظيم في مسائل الاعتقاد. كما تناول البحث في الآيات المختارات من سورة المائدة إلى سورة هود، الحوار الذي دار بين عيسى عليه السلام والحواريين في مسألة الا استطاعة، من حيث تنزيه الله أن يسأل عن استطاعته لشيء من عدمه، وما جاء في سؤال نوح-عليه السلام - لربه بنجاة ابنه، وما وقع من إشكال عقدي في جواز خيانة نساء الأنبياء، وقد تقرر نفي ذلك عند أئمة السلف. اهم نتائج الدراسة والتوصيات: أن القرآن الكريم لو خالف الأقيسة والقواعد النحوية؛ فإن القرآن يحكم ولا يحكم عليه، ولا يُلتفت إلى الأقيسة النحوية، وأن على المؤسسات الإسلامية العناية بأوجه اختلاف القراءات المتعلقة بالمسائل العقدية ونشرها على أوسع نطاق الإعلام العام.
العلامة صالح بن مهدي المقبلي ومنهجه في الاستدلال
Authors: البعداني خالد حسن
Published: November 2023

العلامة صالح بن مهدي المقبلي ومنهجه في الاستدلال
PRODUKSI GULA REDUKSI DARI SABUT KELAPA MELALUI PRETREATMENT AUTOCLAVE
Authors: Junianti Fitri , Widjaja Arief
Published: November 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memproduksi gula reduksi dari bahan biomassa. Pemilihan biomassa ini dengan melihat kandungan dari selulosa dan hemiselulosa pada biomassa tersebut. Sabut kelapa memiliki 22 % selulosa, 10% hemiselulosa, 47% lignin, 12% air (moisture), 1,5% abu dan 7,5% ekstrak. Tahapan pada penelitian ini dimulai dengan pretreatment mekanik untuk memperbesar luas permukaan sabut kelapa sehingga mudah untuk didegradasi dan tahan lama. Tahapan selanjutnya yaitu dipretreatment dengan autoclave pada kondisi operasi 121oC dan 1 bar dengan waktu reaksi 15, 30, 45, dan 60 menit. Konsentrasi gula reduksi terbesar didapatkan pada kondisi operasi 121oC dan 1 bar dengan waktu reaksi 60 menit.
BIODEGRADASI XYLENE DARI LAHAN TERCEMAR MINYAK BUMI OLEH BAKTERI RHODOCOCCUS ERYTHROPOLIS
Authors: Ole Maria Assumpta Nogo , Juliastuti Sri Rachmania
Published: November 2023

Peningkatan eksploitasi minyak bumi merupakan sumber utama pencemaran tanah dan air. Tanah yang tercemar hidrokarbon pada dasarnya telah mengandung mikroorganisme yang dapat memecah hidrokarbon. Akan tetapi proses biodegradasi hidrokarbon dengan metode in situ mengalami hambatan karena lahan tercemar yang luas dan kebutuhan nutrien yang tidak terpenuhi. Oleh sebab itu maka dikembangkan metode ex situ dengan memindahkan tanah tercemar ke laboratorium untuk diolah dengan metode slurry bioreaktor. Mikroorganisme yang digunakan dalam proses ini adalah bakteri aerob Rhodococcus erythropolis yang mampu menguraikan alkilbenzena, seperti o-xylena, toluene dan etilbenzena pada temperatur 25oC – 37oC. Proses degradasi dilakukan pada 3 bioreaktor berpengaduk untuk konsentrasi baktri 12,5%, 15,0% dan 17,5%. Monitoring populasi bakteri dilakukan setiap 2 hari untuk mengetahui fase hidup mikroorganisme. Analisis hidrokarbon dilakukan setiap 14 hari selama 8 minggu dengan metode gas chromatography (GC). Bioreaktor 17,5% Rhodococcus erythropolis memberikan persen degradasi paling baik yaitu 96,83%.
From stark opposition to partial adaption
Authors: Kroman Brems Miriam
Published: November 2023

Alternative media are defined by their position as challengers of mainstream media and politics alike. However, recent studies suggest that they act out their opposition to mainstream media and their political partisanship in different ways. Against this backdrop, the study at hand investigates how 12 Danish alternative media construct and position themselves against the media- and political mainstream. The study identifies substantial differences regarding the outlets’ commitment to or rejection of the ethical rules and norms of professional journalism, whether they adopt or deviate from a neutral journalistic style, what ideological agendas they advocate, their political ties, and the media- and political criticism they voice. In doing so, the study adds to a growing body of research suggesting that alternative media are a heterogeneous group. Based on these findings, the study discusses the different potentials for impact that alternative media have on the media- and political systems they enter.
Znacznie niezależności Prezesa UKE dla realizacji unijnych praw podstawowych na przykładzie postępowania karowego prowadzonego na podstawie prawa telekomunikacyjnego
Authors:   Zakład Prawa Europejskiego Instytutu Nauk Prawnych Polskiej Akademii Nauk, Szpyrka Michalina
Published: November 2023

Niezależność jest jednym z podstawowych wymogów stawianych organom sądowniczym, rozstrzygającym władczo o prawach i obowiązkach podmiotów prawa. Funkcje te jednak coraz częściej przejmują organy administracji publicznej, wydające decyzje nadające uprawnienia, a nawet nakładające dotkliwe kary pieniężne. W związku z tym trendem w doktrynie i judykaturze pojawiła się dyskusja w przedmiocie potrzeby cechowania się przez organy administracji publicznej niezależnością. Potrzebę tę dostrzegają także instytucje unijne, które wprowadzają wymóg zapewnienia niezależności organów ochrony konkurencji i regulacji. W związku z dokonaniem przeglądu rynku telekomunikacyjnego rozszerzono regulację niezależności KOR w Europejskim Kodeksie Łączności Elektronicznej, który powinien zostać implementowany do krajowych porządków prawnych do 21 grudnia 2020 roku. Przyjęta w EKŁE regulacja niezależności ma charakter formalny i jest szczątkowa. Nie przewidziano w niej żadnych uprawnień dla podmiotów regulowanych, umożliwiających egzekwowanie wymogu niezależności KOR, jej ogólnikowość może zaś prowadzić do nieprawidłowej implementacji i osiągnięcia efektu upolitycznienia organu regulacji rynku telekomunikacyjnego.
System analysis of tools and software products for evaluating the effectiveness of investment projects
Authors: Sheptukhin Mikhail
Published: November 2023

The subject of this study are investment design management tools that allow evaluating the effectiveness of investment project options. The object of the study is digital products (software solutions) designed for automated efficiency assessment and selection of attractive projects for investment. The author has determined that the choice of the most profitable project for investment is the key task of the pre-investment stage of the investment process, while the presence of a large amount of information, the influence of external and internal weakly controlled factors, the state of uncertainty accompanying the investment process actualize the use of software products. Particular attention is paid to identifying and formalizing requirements for software products for risk analysis and evaluation of the effectiveness of investment projects, which will save time and financial resources and eliminate the influence of the human factor on the choice of a project for investment.   The research methodology includes the use of a systematic approach to identifying tools and indicators for evaluating the effectiveness of investment decisions. The author conducted a comparative analysis of software products that act as tools for assessing the attractiveness of investment projects when choosing the most acceptable for the development of commercial activities of industrial enterprises. The results of the comparative analysis of domestic and foreign investment project management software solutions presented on the technology market made it possible to systematize programs, identify their strengths and weaknesses and formulate requirements for an optimal software package for analyzing and evaluating the effectiveness of investment projects of an industrial enterprise. The digital solution developed by the author for risk analysis and evaluation of the effectiveness of investment projects should have the following characteristics: functionality, reliability and stability, interface and usability, compatibility, price and licensing conditions, technical support. Based on the results of the study, the scope of application of the results of the comparative analysis of software products is determined – the further development of digital solutions for evaluating the effectiveness of investment projects, ensuring the effectiveness of the management process of investment design of enterprises.
Evidence suggesting creatine as a new central neurotransmitter: presence in synaptic vesicles, release upon stimulation, effects on cortical neurons and uptake into synaptosomes and synaptic vesicles
Authors: Bian Xiling , Zhu Jiemin , Jia Xiaobo , Liang Wenjun , Yu Sihan , Li Zhiqiang , Zhang Wenxia , Rao Yi
Published: November 2023

The discovery of a new neurotransmitter, especially one in the central nervous system (CNS), is both important and difficult. We have been searching for new neurotransmitters for 12 years. We detected creatine (Cr) in synaptic vesicles (SVs), at a level lower than glutamate (Glu) and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) but higher than acetylcholine (ACh) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT). SV Cr was reduced in mice lacking either arginine:glycine amidinotransferase (AGAT, a Cr synthetase) or SLC6A8, a Cr transporter with mutations among the most common causes of intellectual disability (ID) in men. Calcium-dependent release of Cr was detected after stimulation in brain slices. Cr release was reduced in SLC6A8 and AGAT mutants. Cr inhibited neocortical pyramidal neurons. SLC6A8 was necessary for Cr uptake into synaptosomes. Cr was found by us to be taken up into SVs in an ATP dependent manner. Our biochemical, chemical, genetic and electrophysiological results are consistent with the possibility of Cr as a neurotransmitter, though not yet reaching the level of proof for the now classic transmitters. Our novel approach to discover neurotransmitters is to begin with analysis of contents in SVs before defining their function and physiology.
Novel Cyclic Homogeneous Oscillation Detection Method for High Accuracy and Specific Characterization of Neural Dynamics
Authors: Cho Hohyun , Adamek Markus , Willie Jon T. , Brunner Peter
Published: November 2023

Detecting temporal and spectral features of neural oscillations is essential to understanding dynamic brain function. Traditionally, the presence and frequency of neural oscillations are determined by identifying peaks over 1/f noise within the power spectrum. However, this approach solely operates within the frequency domain and thus cannot adequately distinguish between the fundamental frequency of a non-sinusoidal oscillation and its harmonics. Non-sinusoidal signals generate harmonics, significantly increasing the false-positive detection rate — a confounding factor in the analysis of neural oscillations. To overcome these limitations, we define the fundamental criteria that characterize a neural oscillation and introduce the Cyclic Homogeneous Oscillation (CHO) detection method that implements these criteria based on an auto-correlation approach that determines the oscillation’s periodicity and fundamental frequency. We evaluated CHO by verifying its performance on simulated sinusoidal and non-sinusoidal oscillatory bursts convolved with 1/f noise. Our results demonstrate that CHO outperforms conventional techniques in accurately detecting oscillations. Specifically, we determined the sensitivity and specificity of CHO as a function of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). We further assessed CHO by testing it on electrocorticographic (ECoG, 8 subjects) and electroencephalographic (EEG, 7 subjects) signals recorded during the pre-stimulus period of an auditory reaction time task and on electrocorticographic signals (6 SEEG subjects and 6 ECoG subjects) collected during resting state. In the reaction time task, the CHO method detected auditory alpha and pre-motor beta oscillations in ECoG signals and occipital alpha and pre-motor beta oscillations in EEG signals. Moreover, CHO determined the fundamental frequency of hippocampal oscillations in the human hippocampus during the resting state (6 SEEG subjects). In summary, CHO demonstrates high precision and specificity in detecting neural oscillations in time and frequency domains. The method’s specificity enables the detailed study of non-sinusoidal characteristics of oscillations, such as the degree of asymmetry and waveform of an oscillation. Furthermore, CHO can be applied to identify how neural oscillations govern interactions throughout the brain and to determine oscillatory biomarkers that index abnormal brain function.
Recognition of the Nucleotide-Dependent Feature Facilitates the Microtubule End-Binding of MCAK
Authors: Chen Wei , Song Yin-Long , He Jian-Feng , Liang Xin
Published: November 2023

The growing plus-end is a key regulatory site for microtubule dynamics. MCAK (mitotic centromere-associated kinesin), a microtubule depolymerizing kinesin, is an end-binding regulator of catastrophe frequency. It is intriguing how MCAK specifically binds to dynamic microtubule ends. Here, we measure the end-binding kinetics of MCAK using single-molecule imaging and reveal the end-binding preference. MCAK binds to the entire GTP cap, including the EB cap and the distalmost cap. Further analysis shows that MCAK strongly binds to GTPγS microtubules, suggesting that it could recognize the nucleotide-dependent feature of microtubules. Moreover, the binding preference is independent on the nucleotide state of MCAK, and this feature facilitates the high-affinity end-binding of MCAK. Finally, we show that despite partially sharing the binding regions, MCAK and XMAP215 function in an additive manner, demonstrating a simple logic of how the end-binding regulators work in co-ordination. In all, our results provide novel insights into understanding how MCAK regulates the dynamics of microtubule ends.
Функції відчуттів у навчанні
Authors: Sancak Sert Zeynep , Panieri Giuliana , Peftieva Olena
Published: November 2023

Використання різних відчуттів для обробки та зберігання нової інформації є потужним способом дослідження природного середовища як для дітей, так і для дорослих. Сприймання світу за допомогою органів зору, слуху, смаку, нюху та через шкіру робить навчальний процес ефективним, значущим та незабутнім. Це найбільш природний метод, який використовують діти для вивчення кожної деталі у своєму середовищі з моменту народження.
Слухаємо світ навколо нас
Authors: Losleben Lisa Katrin , Clerici Monica , Holm Villads , Panieri Giuliana , Peftieva Olena
Published: November 2023

Фокусуємося на

ідентифікації та визнанні звуків навколо нас.

Цілі навчання:За допомогою цієї діяльності ми привертаємо увагу до нашого довкілля через органи слуху. Це може бути самостійна діяльність. Її також можна використати як відправний пункт перед уроком “Симфонія холодних просочень”, де можна розказати про глибоководне середовище.

Ключові слова:

Просторова свідомість, слухання, звукова прогулянка, шумове забруднення.
Температури Арктичного океану
Authors: Maric Filip , Poto Margherita Paola , Panieri Giuliana , Peftieva Olena
Published: November 2023

Фокусуємося на:

температурі води, і чому вона важлива для життя в океані. Які фактори впливають на температуру води (сонячне світло, сонячна радіація, теплообмін)?

Мета навчання:

У цій вправі учні дізнаються, що температура є важливим фактором, що впливає на воду, на її якість та змінює фізичні та хімічні властивості води.

Ключові слова:

Температура, сонячна радіація, теплообмін, зміни та фактори, наслідки
Вплив людини: Забруднення пластиком
Authors: Maric Filip , Poto Margherita Paola , Panieri Giuliana , Peftieva Olena
Published: November 2023

Фокусуємося на:

на тому, що забруднення пластиком є серйозною проблемою та впливає на океани всюди. Це явище спостерігається на пляжах, берегових лініях, та у найглибших місцях океану.

Мета навчання:

У цій вправі учні зрозуміють масштаби забруднення пластиком океанів і навколо них. Вони почнуть розуміти, як забруднення пластиком негативно впливає на життя під поверхнею моря.

Ключові слова:

Забруднення океану, пластик, мікропластик
Comparative chloroplast genome analyses provide insights into evolutionary history of Rhizophoraceae mangroves
Authors: Zhang Ying , Yang Yuchen , He Meng , Wei Ziqi , Qin Xi , Wu Yuanhao , Jiang Qingxing , Xiao Yufeng , Yang Yong , Wang Wei , Jin Xiang
Published: November 2023

Background

The Rhizophoraceae family comprises crucial mangrove plants that inhabit intertidal environments. In China, eight Rhizophoraceae mangrove species exist. Although complete chloroplast (Cp) genomes of four Rhizophoraceae mangrove plants have been reported, the Cp genomes of the remaining four species remain unclear, impeding a comprehensive understanding of the evolutionary history of this family.

Methods

Illumina high-throughput sequencing was employed to obtain the DNA sequences of Rhizophoraceae species. Cp genomes were assembled by NOVOPlasty and annotated using CpGAVAS software. Phylogenetic and divergence time analyses were conducted using MEGA and BEAST 2 software.

Results

Four novel Cp genomes of Rhizophoraceae mangrove species (Bruguiera sexangula, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, Bruguiera × rhynchopetala and Rhizophora apiculata) were successfully assembled. The four Cp genomes ranged in length from 163,310 to 164,560 bp, with gene numbers varying from 124 to 128. The average nucleotide diversity (Pi) value of the eight Rhizophoraceae Cp genomes was 0.00596. Phylogenetic trees constructed based on the complete Cp genomes supported the monophyletic origin of Rhizophoraceae. Divergence time estimation based on the Cp genomes of representative species from Malpighiales showed that the origin of Rhizophoraceae occurred at approximately 58.54–50.02 million years ago (Mya). The divergence time within the genus Rhizophora (∼4.51 Mya) was much earlier than the divergence time within the genus Bruguiera (∼1.41 Mya), suggesting recent speciation processes in these genera. Our data provides new insights into phylogenetic relationship and evolutionary history of Rhizophoraceae mangrove plants.
orígenes de la noción de derecho al trabajo
Authors: Ramis Barceló Rafael , Scotto Benito Pablo
Published: November 2023

El derecho al trabajo tiene una larga historia anterior no solo a 1848, momento de su popularización, sino también a 1789. Sus orígenes se remontan al siglo XVI, cuando el ius laborandi expresa tanto el derecho a trabajar a perpetuidad como el derecho a la labranza en tierras ajenas. Entre la segunda mitad del XVII y la primera del XVIII, el droit de travailler sirve para denotar los derechos de los maestros que pertenecen a un gremio. A partir de la segunda mitad del XVIII, la expresión es usada por los fisiócratas en su crítica al sistema gremial. En la misma época, aunque de forma esporádica, se encuentran las primeras apariciones de la fórmula droit au travail. Durante la Revolución Francesa, esta última noción se emplea para hacer referencia al derecho a la asistencia a través del trabajo. Es un antecedente claro del droit au travail del que habla Fourier a principios del siglo XIX.
Bilateral Adrenal Masses with Different Aetiologies Presenting as Addisonian Crisis with Acute Kidney Injury: A Case Series
Authors: . Mohini , Parsad Rohit , Dahiya Shaveta , Nayak Diksha , Malik Manoj
Published: November 2023

An Addisonian Crisis (AC) is an endocrinological emergency associated with high mortality, resulting from an acute deficit of hormones from the adrenal glands. It can occur either in a patient with known Adrenal Insufficiency (AI) or as the initial presentation of the disease. Primary Adrenal Insufficiency (PAI), which can be caused by autoimmune adrenalitis or tubercular adrenalitis, is the most common cause worldwide and particularly prevalent in developing countries like India. Other causes of PAI include infiltrative pathology, drugs, haemorrhage, or, rarely, malignancy. Secondary Adrenal Insufficiency (SAI) often occurs due to abrupt steroid withdrawal or defects at the level of the pituitary or hypothalamus. The present case series highlights three cases (three male patients) in which patients presented with adrenal crisis despite no prior history of AI. Subsequently, they were diagnosed with bilateral adrenal masses of different aetiologies, including primary adrenal malignancy and granulomatous infiltration of the adrenals due to Tuberculosis (TB). One case involved bilateral primary adrenal malignancy with left perirenal and pararenal space infiltration, while the other two patients were diagnosed with disseminated TB with adrenal gland infiltration. The presentation of all three cases was characterised by non specific symptoms. Initial management for all three patients involved mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid replacement, and they were discharged with corticosteroid supplements. However, the patient with bilateral adrenal malignancy was referred to the surgery and oncology department for further evaluation and management, whereas the remaining two patients were started on Antitubercular (ATT) drugs for definite treatment.
Understanding the Estranged Attitude of Medical Students while Attending Lectures at a Medical College in Eastern India: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Chakraborty Sanghamitra , Chakrabarti Phalguni , Goswami Arpan Kumar , Mandal Partha
Published: November 2023

Introduction: Absenteeism among medical undergraduate students during lecture classes is a worldwide problem in medical education. Their disengaged attitude towards attending lectures is associated with poor grades in examinations and contributes to poor professional socialisation. Aim: To identify the different factors responsible for absenteeism among medical undergraduate students during lecture classes and gather feedback that may help improve the content and delivery of these classes. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional survey was conducted at the Department of Biochemistry, Bankura Sammilani Medical College, West Bengal, India. The study duration was six months, from October 2022 to March 2023. A total of 199 undergraduate medical students from phase-I voluntarily participated in the study out of a total of 200 students. A prevalidated questionnaire using the Likert scale was used as the study tool to determine the students’ perspectives on poor attendance. Additionally, a focused group discussion was held to obtain the students’ opinions on improving the presentation of lectures. The responses were recorded, and the Tastle and Wierman tests were conducted to derive a consensus opinion. Results: Among the participants, 169 (84.9%) strongly agreed and 125 (62.8%) agreed that access to multiple websites and a preference for self-study were factors leading to skipping lectures, respectively. There was a strong agreement, with a consensus score of 0.52, that factors such as the inability of the mental capacity to match the chosen course, poor content, and monotonous presentation were important contributors to absenteeism. A significant correlation was observed between internal assessment scores and lecture attendance (p-value <0.01, r-value=0.4). Approximately 44% of participants believed that a chalk and talk approach followed by small group discussions was the best teaching method. Conclusion: This cross-sectional survey identified multiple factors, such as access to various e-learning platforms, a preference for self/group study, and technical difficulties, as reasons for poor attendance in lecture classes. However, improvements in content, mode of presentation, and clinical relevance of topics may enhance students’ attitudes towards attending regular lectures and improve their performance.
Opinions of B. Ed Faculty Members about E-learning Materials for the Course ‘Understanding Disciplines and School Subjects’
Authors: Padmini S. , Ramani Pramila
Published: November 2023

The utilisation of technology in education is revolutionising the learning process in the era of digitalisation. E-learning has revolutionised education via internet platforms, digital documents, and electronic resources. This study examines the perspectives and utilisation of e-learning resources by faculty members with a Bachelor of Education (B. Ed) degree. The integration of technology into teaching methods is pertinent for higher educational institutions. Course Evaluation: This study pertains to the topic of 'Understanding Disciplines and School Subjects,' thus making it pertinent to the field of education. The study's findings can assist B. Ed faculty members in evaluating the suitability of e-learning materials for their course requirements. Research objectives: To investigate the perceptions of B. Ed faculty members regarding the quality, accessibility, and usability of e-learning materials about this subject. The study population consisted of all faculty members of the B. Ed. programme at Tamil Nadu Teachers Education University in the Cuddalore district of Tamil Nadu during 2023. Study Sample: The study sample consisted of forty-two faculty members from Tamil Nadu Teachers Education University who were selected using a cluster sampling technique. The study utilised a questionnaire to gather data. Many faculty members responded positively to the survey about their previous experience with e-learning and their utilisation of e-learning resources in their teaching of the B. Ed programme. They also expressed their comfort in using technology for teaching purposes. Gaining insight into the viewpoints of B. Ed faculty members regarding e-learning materials is crucial for improving the overall quality of education. This study's findings can enhance and optimise the content and delivery of e-learning resources.
Classification of Ideals in Banach Spaces
Authors: Makila Wanjala Patrick , Onyango Ojiema Michael , Nyongesa Simiyu Achiles
Published: November 2023

Let an operator T belong to an operator ideal J, then for any operators A and B which can be composed with T asBTA then BTA \(\in\) J. Indeed, J contains the class of finite rank Banach Space operators. Now given L(X; Y ). Then J(X; Y ) \(\subseteq\) L(X; Y ) such that J(X; Y ) = {T : X \(\gets\) Y : T \(\subseteq\) }. Thus an operator ideal is a subclass J of L containing every identity operator acting on a one-dimensional Banach space such that: S + T \(\in\) J(X; Y ) where S; T \(\in\) J(X; Y ). If W;Z;X; Y \(\in\) K;A \(\in\) L(W;X);B \(\in\) L(Y;Z) then BTA \(\in\) J(W;Z) whenever T \(\in\) J(X; These properties compare very well with the algebraic notion of ideals in Banach Algebras within whose classes lie compact operators, weakly compact operators, finitely strictly regular operators, completely continuous operators, strictly singular operators among others. Thus, the aim of this paper is to characterize the various classes of ideals in Banach spaces. Special attention is given to the characteristics involving the ideal properties, the metric approximation properties, the hereditary properties in relation to the ideal extensions in the Hahn-Banach space, projection and embedments in the biduals of the Banach Space.
Effect of Drone Application of Pendimethalin on Microbial Population, Nodulation, Weed Control and Yield of Green Gram (Vigna radiata L.)
Authors: Madhusree S. , Ramesh T. , Rathika S. , Meena S. , Raja K.
Published: November 2023

A field experiment was conducted at Anbil Dharmalingam Agricultural College and Research Institute, Tiruchirappalli, during Winter, 2023 to study the effect of pendimethalin application using drone on soil microbial population, nodulation, weed control and yield of green gram. The experiment was laid out in RBD with 12 treatments and 3 replications. The treatments consisted two levels of pendimethalin dosage (0.75 and 1.0 kg ha-1), five levels of spray fluids (40, 50, 60, 70 and 80 litres ha-1) for drone spray compared with manual spray of pendimethalin at 1.0 kg ha-1 with 500 litres ha-1 spray fluid and control. The results revealed that significantly higher microbial population such as bacteria (17.60 × 106 cfu/g of soil), fungi (14.90 × 103 cfu/g of soil), actinomycetes (42.60 × 104 cfu/g of soil) and rhizobium (21.30 × 105 cfu/g of soil) were recorded with no herbicide application (unweeded control) at 30 DAS than pendimethalin 1.0 kg ha-1 application either manual or drone.  The lower dose of pendimethalin 0.75 kg ha-1 with spray fluid of 60 litres ha-1 was on par with no herbicide application treatment. Significantly higher root nodules per plant-1 (17.56 and 22.51) at 30 and 45 DAS was registered under drone spray of pendimethalin 0.75 kg ha-1 with spray fluid of 60 litres ha-1. Higher weed control efficiency (72.6 %) and grain yield (747 kg ha-1) were statistically superior under drone spray of pendimethalin 1.0 kg ha-1 with spray fluid of 60 litres ha-1 over 40 or 80 litres ha-1 spray fluids and was comparable with lower dose of pendimethalin (0.75 kg ha-1) with 60 litres ha-1.  Thus, it can be inferred that pendimethalin at 0.75 kg ha-1 with spray fluid of 60 litres ha-1 was considered as ideal dose and spray fluid for drone application to get better soil microbial population, nodulation, weed control efficiency and grain yield of green gram.
Breast Cancer: Classification, Risk Factors, Current Diagnostic Procedures and Therapeutics
Authors: Ghosh Chandreyi , Kulavi Sohini , Saha Moumita , Chatterjee Sirshendu
Published: November 2023

The aetiology of breast cancer is complicated. In population health, breast cancer significantly impacts the most typical invasive malignancy and the second most typical death source for women. The most crucial point for the best prognosis is identifying early-stage cancer cells. The conventional diagnostics test for breast cancer includes a physical examination, biopsy (Fine-needle aspiration biopsy, core needle biopsy, Surgical biopsy) and several imaging techniques like mammography (digital mammography, computer-aided detection and breast tomosynthesis), MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging). Several drugs are approved by Food and Drug Administration for breast cancer, among them, some are approved to prevent breast cancer; some are used to treat breast cancer and some drugs are used in combination mode. Clinical investigation reports revealed that breast cancer mortality decreased in association with smaller breast volume and hence to meet the goal exercise is highly recommended. Similarly, dietary fat has been proposed as one of the etiologic factors of breast cancer. Obesity, overweight and reduced physical activity, causes breast cancer. At an early stage, cancer detection could increase breast cancer survival rates significantly in the long term. In the present review we have represented the breast cancer, its current statistics, molecular classification, different causes, disease prognosis, diagnostic strategies, and management in details in a lucid way.
Role of Omni Channel Attributes and Perceived Behavioral Control in Omni Channel Selection
Authors: Balroo Shuaib Ahmed
Published: November 2023

The retailing industry worldwide is transitioning from multi-channel retailing to omni channel retailing. In contrast to multi-channel retailing which provides offerings through different and separate channels, all channels are essentially well integrated in omni channel retailing. In the middle eastern region, the transition from multi-channel to omni channel retailing is rapidly taking place in Saudi Arabia. However, managing channels synergistically for providing seamless customer experience is proving out to be challenging task for omni channel retailers. What omni channel attributes are valued necessary by consumers in making them seamlessly choose omni channels for shopping are not explicit in the literature especially in Saudi Arabian context. In order to better integrate and coordinate channels it is very important for omni channel retailers to first understand the behavior of omni channel shoppers. The omni channel retailers need to know what omni channel attributes influence consumer’s perception of ease and ability in selecting omni channels for shopping. This study examines how omni channel attributes namely omni channel transparency, omni channel convenience and omni channel uniformity help in influencing consumer’s perception in selecting omni channels. The study employed snowball sampling method for collecting the sample of omni shoppers from different regions of Saudi Arabia. The study sample comprised of 551 respondents who actively shopped through various omni channel retailers of Saudi Arabia. All hypothesized relationships of the study were tested simultaneously using structural equation modelling technique. The study reported that omni channel transparency, omni channel convenience and omni channel uniformity positively influence consumer’s perception in selecting omni channels in Saudi Arabia. This study tries to combine consumer and omni channel retailer perspectives for the better understanding of shopping behaviors across omni channels. With the better understanding of consumer shopping behaviors, omni channel retailers would be thus able to better integrate their channels and coordinate their supply chains to the best satisfaction of their consumers.
The Socio-cultural Determinants of Child Labour in Tanzania
Authors: Joseph George M.
Published: November 2023

The purpose of the study was to examine the socio-cultural determinants of child labour in small scale gold mining in Tanzania. Specifically, the study examined polygamy, early marriage and family conflict among the respondents which influence child labour practices in small scale gold mining (SSGM) in Geita region. Furthermore, the study used the case of Nyang’hwale district which is one of the districts in Geita region where SSGM activities are rampant compared to the rest of the districts. The study used a cross-sectional survey researches design. The primary data were collected by using questionnaires from 209 individuals who were randomly sampled from Nyang’hwale district in Geita region. Moreover, the study applied a newly developed method of measuring the age risk of children working under 18 years known as Eta Value. The researcher analyzed the data using the Structural Equation Modeling Partial Least Square (SEM PLS) with a combination of analytic techniques - statistics and artificial intelligence software. The study found that the child labour determinants under socio-cultural factors were polygamy, early marriage and family conflict. Moreover, the researcher found that micro-sociology focuses on the individual's micro aspects – polygamy, early marriage and family conflicts which are socio-cultural oriented. The study concludes that the fundamental sociocultural determinants are polygamy, early marriage and family conflict. Therefore the study recommends that the polygamy, early marriage and family conflict are significant sociocultural factors that contribute to the child labour practices in Geita.
Variation in Procedural Denials of Medicaid Eligibility Across States Before the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Schpero William L. , Brahmbhatt Diksha , Liu Michael X. , Ndumele Chima D. , Chatterjee Paula
Published: November 2023

This cross-sectional study examines denials of Medicaid and Children’s Health Insurance Program coverage due to procedural reasons.
Antenatal Corticosteroid Treatment During the Late-Preterm Period and Neonatal Outcomes for Twin Pregnancies
Authors: Zhu Jie , Zhao Ying , An Ping , Zhao Yunhe , Li Shuyue , Zhou Jizi , Zhao Huanqiang , Zhou Qiongjie , Li Xiaotian , Xiong Yu
Published: November 2023

Importance

Antenatal corticosteroid treatment of individuals with singletons at risk for delivery during the late-preterm period has been academically recommended. However, the evidence on the use of antenatal corticosteroid treatment for twins at risk for delivery during the late-preterm period is still lacking.

Objective

To evaluate whether antenatal corticosteroid treatment during the late-preterm period in twin pregnancies was associated with a lower risk of newborn morbidity.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This retrospective cohort study of twin pregnancies delivered from February 1, 2013, to September 30, 2020, in a university-affiliated hospital in China included 1974 individuals with twin pregnancies who were at risk for late preterm birth (34 weeks and 0 days to 36 weeks and 6 days of gestation). Data were analyzed from June 30 to July 13, 2023.

Exposures

Antenatal corticosteroid treatment during the late-preterm period.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary outcome measure was composite neonatal respiratory morbidity, defined as at least 1 of the following postnatal occurrences in at least 1 neonate of the twins: respiratory distress syndrome, mechanical ventilation, surfactant administration, transferred with respiratory complications, or neonatal death. Propensity score overlap weighting was used to analyze the association between antenatal corticosteroid treatment and the risk of neonatal outcomes.

Results

The study population consisted of 1974 individuals with twin pregnancies, including 303 (15.3%; mean [SD] maternal age, 30.8 [4.2] years) who received antenatal corticosteroid treatment and 1671 (84.7%; mean [SD] maternal age, 31.2 [4.0] years) who did not receive antenatal corticosteroid treatment. The propensity score overlap weighting showed no significant differences between the antenatal corticosteroid treatment group and the no–antenatal corticosteroid treatment group in the risk of neonatal primary outcome (29 of 303 [9.6%] vs 41 of 1671 [2.5%]; weighted odds ratio, 1.27 [95% CI, 0.60-2.76]). None of the subgroup interaction tests were significant for the neonatal primary outcome in terms of gestational age at delivery, year of delivery, chorionicity, at least 1 infant small for gestational age, intertwin growth discordance, and infant sex, and neither was the sensitivity analysis of using propensity score matching and a different administration-to-birth interval and treating twin infants as individuals.

Conclusions and Relevance

This cohort study found insufficient evidence that antenatal corticosteroid treatment during the late-preterm period in twin pregnancies could be associated with a lower risk of newborn morbidity. This new finding can provide a reference for clinical practice.
Plasma Ceramides and Sphingomyelins and Sudden Cardiac Death in the Cardiovascular Health Study
Authors: Bockus Lee B. , Jensen Paul N. , Fretts Amanda M. , Hoofnagle Andrew N. , McKnight Barbara , Sitlani Colleen M. , Siscovick David S. , King Irena B. , Psaty Bruce M. , Sotoodehnia Nona , Lemaitre Rozenn N.
Published: November 2023

Importance

Sphingolipids, including ceramides and sphingomyelins, may influence the pathophysiology and risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD) through multiple biological activities. Whether the length of the fatty acid acylated to plasma sphingolipid species is associated with SCD risk is not known.

Objective

To determine whether the saturated fatty acid length of plasma ceramides and sphingomyelins influences the association with SCD risk.

Design, Setting, and Participants

In this cohort study, multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to examine the association of sphingolipid species with SCD risk. The study population included 4612 participants in the Cardiovascular Health Study followed up prospectively for a median of 10.2 (IQR, 5.5-11.6) years. Baseline data were collected from January 1992 to December 1995 during annual examinations. Data were analyzed from February 11, 2020, to September 9, 2023.

Exposures

Eight plasma sphingolipid species (4 ceramides and 4 sphingomyelins) with saturated fatty acids of 16, 20, 22, and 24 carbons.

Main Outcome and Measure

Association of plasma ceramides and sphingomyelins with saturated fatty acids of different lengths with SCD risk.

Results

Among the 4612 CHS participants included in the analysis (mean [SD] age, 77 [5] years; 2724 [59.1%] women; 6 [0.1%] American Indian; 4 [0.1%] Asian; 718 [15.6%] Black; 3869 [83.9%] White, and 15 [0.3%] Other), 215 SCD cases were identified. In adjusted Cox proportional hazards regression analyses, plasma ceramides and sphingomyelins with palmitic acid (Cer-16 and SM-16) were associated with higher SCD risk per higher SD of log sphingolipid levels (hazard ratio [HR] for Cer-16, 1.34 [95% CI, 1.12-1.59]; HR for SM-16, 1.37 [95% CI, 1.12-1.67]). Associations did not differ by baseline age, sex, race, or body mass index. No significant association of SCD with sphingolipids with very-long-chain saturated fatty acids was observed after correction for multiple testing (HR for ceramide with arachidic acid, 1.06 [95% CI, 0.90-1.24]; HR for ceramide with behenic acid, 0.92 [95% CI, 0.77-1.10]; HR for ceramide with lignoceric acid, 0.92 [95% CI, 0.77-1.09]; HR for sphingomyelin with arachidic acid, 0.83 [95% CI, 0.71-0.98]; HR for sphingomyelin with behenic acid, 0.84 [95% CI, 0.70-1.00]; HR for sphingomyelin with lignoceric acid, 0.86 [95% CI, 0.72-1.03]).

Conclusions and Relevance

The findings of this large, population-based cohort study of SCD identified that higher plasma levels of Cer-16 and SM-16 were associated with higher risk of SCD. Future studies are needed to examine the underlying mechanism of these associations.
Genetic and Environmental Factors and Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Adolescents
Authors: Ballin Marcel , Neovius Martin , Ortega Francisco B. , Henriksson Pontus , Nordström Anna , Berglind Daniel , Nordström Peter , Ahlqvist Viktor H.
Published: November 2023

Importance

Cardiovascular risk factors in youth have been associated with future cardiovascular disease (CVD), but conventional observational studies are vulnerable to genetic and environmental confounding.

Objective

To examine the role of genetic and environmental factors shared by full siblings in the association of adolescent cardiovascular risk factors with future CVD.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This is a nationwide cohort study with full sibling comparisons. All men who underwent mandatory military conscription examinations in Sweden between 1972 and 1995 were followed up until December 31, 2016. Data analysis was performed from May 1 to November 10, 2022.

Exposures

Body mass index (BMI), cardiorespiratory fitness, blood pressure, handgrip strength, and a combined risk z score in late adolescence.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary outcome was fatal or nonfatal CVD, as recorded in the National Inpatient Register or the Cause of Death Register before 2017.

Results

A total of 1 138 833 men (mean [SD] age, 18.3 [0.8] years), of whom 463 995 were full brothers, were followed up for a median (IQR) of 32.1 (26.7-37.7) years, during which 48 606 experienced a CVD outcome (18 598 among full brothers). All risk factors were associated with CVD, but the effect of controlling for unobserved genetic and environmental factors shared by full siblings varied. In the sibling analysis, hazard ratios for CVD (top vs bottom decile) were 2.10 (95% CI, 1.90-2.32) for BMI, 0.77 (95% CI, 0.68-0.88) for cardiorespiratory fitness, 1.45 (95% CI, 1.32-1.60) for systolic blood pressure, 0.90 (95% CI, 0.82-0.99) for handgrip strength, and 2.19 (95% CI, 1.96-2.46) for the combined z score. The percentage attenuation in these hazard ratios in the sibling vs total cohort analysis ranged from 1.1% for handgrip strength to 40.0% for cardiorespiratory fitness. Consequently, in the sibling analysis, the difference in cumulative CVD incidence at age 60 years (top vs bottom decile) was 7.2% (95% CI, 5.9%-8.6%) for BMI and 1.8% (95% CI, 1.0%-2.5%) for cardiorespiratory fitness. Similarly, in the sibling analysis, hypothetically shifting everyone in the worst deciles of BMI to the middle decile would prevent 14.9% of CVD at age 60 years, whereas the corresponding number for cardiorespiratory fitness was 5.3%.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this Swedish national cohort study, cardiovascular risk factors in late adolescence, especially a high BMI, were important targets for CVD prevention, independently of unobserved genetic and environmental factors shared by full siblings. However, the role of adolescent cardiorespiratory fitness in CVD may have been overstated by conventional observational studies.
Event‐triggered adaptive neural network control design for stochastic nonlinear systems with output constraint
Authors: Shen Fei , Wang Xinjun , Pan Xinxin
Published: November 2023

This paper is concerned with the adaptive neural network event‐triggered control (ETC) problem for stochastic nonlinear systems with output constraint. The influence of stochastic disturbance inevitably exists in many practical systems, which leads to system instability. Meanwhile, a novel tan type barrier Lyapunov function (Tan‐BLF) structure is proposed to deal with the constraint requirements of stochastic systems. In the sense of probability, the output constraints will not be violated during the operation of the system. In addition, the ETC strategy is adopted to reduce the burden of communication. The asymptotic stability of the closed‐loop system is guaranteed without violating output constraints. Meanwhile, the tracking error converges to a small region of the origin. Two simulations results demonstrate the effectiveness of theoretical analysis.