bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Uncertainty Driven Active Learning of Coarse Grained Free Energy Models
Authors: Duschatko Blake , Vandermause Jonathan , Molinari Nicola , Kozinsky Boris
Published: November 2022

Coarse graining techniques play an essential role in accelerating molecular simulations of systems with large length and time scales. Theoretically grounded bottom-up models are appealing due to their thermodynamic consistency with the underlying all-atom models. In this direction, machine learning approaches hold great promise to fitting complex many-body data. However, training models may require collection of large amounts of expensive data. Moreover, quantifying trained model accuracy is challenging, especially in cases of non-trivial free energy configurations, where training data may be sparse. We demonstrate a path towards uncertainty-aware models of coarse grained free energy surfaces. Specifically, we show that principled Bayesian model uncertainty allows for efficient data collection through an on-the-fly active learning framework and open the possibility of adaptive transfer of models across different chemical systems. Uncertainties also characterize models' accuracy of free energy predictions, even when training is performed only on forces. This work helps pave the way towards efficient autonomous training of reliable and uncertainty aware many-body machine learned coarse grain models.
Oviduct Epithelial Cells Constitute Distinct Lineages from the Ampulla to the Isthmus Related to High-Altitude Adaptation in Yak (Bos grunniens)
Authors: zhang jian , Cui Yan , pan yangyang , wang jinglei , wang meng , Yu Sijiu
Published: November 2022

High-altitude adaptation is viewed as a biologically based process during which yaks respond to the harsh condition of coldness and low oxygen. Although high-altitude adaptation has been studied intensively, there is a lack of multi-omics analysis on its physiological mechanism. Therefore, in this study, 10X Genomics single-cell technology were adopted to identify cellular heterogeneity and trajectory differentiation in different parts of the yak oviduct, thus further exploring new cell markers and ligand-receptors. Besides, based on the comparison of oviduct epithelial cells from the ampulla and isthmus between the yak and bovine, genes and pathways related to altitude adaptation were discussed by bulk-seq. Single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) revealed 14 cell types defined by multiple specific molecular markers, the main cell types are epithelial cells, ciliated cells, secretory cells, basal cells, mesenchymal stem cells, T cells, B cells, monocytes, NK cells, macrophages, and fibroblasts, among which basal cells could be differentiated into secretory cells and ciliated cells. Apart from that, immune cells were the apex products of cell development, while ciliated cells had the characteristics of de-differentiation, and the new ligand-receptors CD74-COPa and CD74-APP were found. In addition, by bulk-seq, it was found that in the ampulla, there were 5149 differential genes (1875 up-regulated genes and 3274 down-regulated genes). YME1L1 was down-regulated significantly, whereas PPIB, PCBD, CYTB, RPL24, RPS5, and UBL5 were up-regulated to a great extent. In the isthmus, there were 6313 differential genes (2146 up-regulated genes and 4167 down-regulated genes). Among them, YME1L1, GSTA4, DNTTIP2, TMCO6, LRBA, and MYH14 were down-regulated obviously, while SNRPD3, CYTB, ADIPOQ, RNH1, PRDX5, DPF1, CRYAB, and PRXL2B were up-regulated dramatically. Through the comparison, it was observed that GSTA4 and YME1L1 were down-regulated, while CYTB was up-regulated in the ampulla and the isthmus. Beyond that, the oxidative phosphorylation pathway was explored. In conclusion, it was demonstrated that ciliated cells were featured with dedifferentiation, and new ligand receptors CD74-COPa and CD74-APP were discovered. Furthermore, GSTA4, YME1L1 and CYTB were main molecules of altitude adaptation, and the oxidative phosphorylation pathway was the key pathway of high-altitude adaptation. This study provides basic data on the heterogeneity and cell trajectory of yak oviduct from the single-cell sequence, and provides the key genes and pathways of yak high-altitude adaptation, as well as the theoretical basis and the data for revealing the low pregnancy rate and genetic breeding of yaks.
The evolution of Earth’s surficial Mg cycle over the past 2 billion years
Authors: Xia Zhiguang , Li Shilei , Hu Zhongya , Bialik Or , Chen Tianyu , Weldeghebriel Mebrahtu , Fan Qishun , Fan Junxuan , Wang Xiang-dong , An Shichao , Zhang Feifei , Xu Haoran , Chen Jiayang , Ji Zhihan , Shen Shu-zhong , Lowenstein Tim , Li Weiqiang
Published: November 2022

The surficial cycling of Mg is directly coupled with the global carbon cycle, a predominant control of Earth’s climate. However, how Earth’s surficial Mg cycle evolved with time had been elusive. Magnesium isotope signatures of seawater (δ26Mgsw) track the surficial Mg cycle, which could provide crucial information on the carbon cycle in Earth’s history. Here, we present a reconstruction of δ26Mgsw evolution over the last 2 billion years using marine halite fluid inclusions and sedimentary dolostones. The two independent archives yield consistent evolutionary trends of δ26Mgsw for the past 430 million years, and the dolostone records extend the δ26Mgsw curve to 2 billion years ago. Modeling results of the net CO2 sequestration efficiency (EMg−CO2) by the surficial Mg cycle based on the δ26Mgsw record reveal a secular decline EMg−CO2 during the past 2 billion years, with the periods of low EMg−CO2 coinciding with ice ages in the Phanerozoic. Our work underlines a previously under-appreciated, but indispensable role of dolostones in regulating Earth’s climate on geologic time scales.
Effects of Salmonella enteritidis Infection on TLR Genes Expression and Microbial Diversity in Laying Hens
Authors: Jiang Xintong , Zhang Xiao , Sun Yuqing , Sun Zhongtao , Liu Liying , Li Xianyao
Published: November 2022

Background: Salmonella enteritidis (SE) is one of the critical foodborne pathogens, and mainly causes human diseases through contaminated water and food. In the current study, serological tests, histopathological observation and quantitative real-time PCR were used to assess the effect of Salmonella enteritidis infection on the immune system in chickens. To understand the influence of SE infection on the microflora profile of the cecum and oviduct, microbial community composition of the cecal contents and oviducal contents wereanalyzed through 16S rRNA sequencing.
Results: Results showed that SEinfection caused damage to the digestive organs, reproductive organs, and immune organs in laying hens. The expression of TLR1a, TLR1b, TLR2, TLR4, TLR5, TLR7 and TLR15 in the cecum were induced, and the content of IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-2 and IL-18 in serum were increased after SE infection. The composition of the microbial community significantly changed in cecal content, the dominant bacteria of Firmicutes increased, and Bacteroidetes decreased significantly. In the oviduct, the microbial diversity became complicated, the dominant bacteria Faecalibacterium was significantly increased, and Bacteroides was significantly decreased.
Conclusions: Salmonella enteritidis infection triggered the host’s innate and adaptive response, increased the expression of TLRs and contents of cytokines and changed the microbial diversity in the cecum and oviduct. These findings willlay the foundation for further study on reducing the vertical transmission of Salmonella enteritidis, ensuring the production of clean eggs.
A rise in social media use in adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic: the French validation of the Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale in a Canadian cohort
Authors: Dufort-Rouleau Raphaël , Beauregard Carmen , Beaudry Vincent
Published: November 2022

Introduction:
Social media use has grown dramatically since its inception in the early 2000s and has further increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. Problematic use of social media (PUSM) is a type of behavioural addiction which has generated increasing interest among mental health clinicians and scholars in the last decade. PUSM is associated with multiple psychiatric conditions and is known to interfere with patients’ daily functioning. There is no single accepted definition of PUSM, nor means of measuring it, in the literature. The Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale (BSMAS) is a helpful tool for identifying PUSM. This paper aims to validate BSMAS and to translate it from English into French, with the goal of making this clinical screening tool for PUSM available in French-language contexts.
Method
This study explored the psychometric validity of the French version of the BSMAS in a sample of 247 adolescents, who were either psychiatric inpatients (the hospitalized group) or recruited in local high schools (the community group).
Results
The adolescents in the sample reported an increase in their social media use during the COVID-19 pandemic. This increase was more pronounced in the hospitalized group. Confirmatory factorial analysis showed an excellent fit, very good internal consistency and established convergent validity for the French version of the BSMAS. A total of 15,4% of the hospitalization group and 6,5% of the community group met the threshold of 24 on the BSMAS, suggesting problematic use of social media.
Conclusions
the French version of BSMAS is a psychometrically validated and clinically useful tool to screen for PUSM in adolescents.
Numerical and experimental study to predict the forming process conditions of non-axisymmetric glass perfume bottles
Authors: Biosca Adrià , Borros Salvador , Clemente Vicenç Pedret , Hyre Matthew R. , Granada Andres Amador Garcia
Published: November 2022

After the successful validation of the axisymmetric and three-dimensional models to simulate the blow and blow forming process using two axisymmetrical bottles, the capabilities of the 3D model have been evaluated by performing simulations with more complex geometries. This article presents the results of a numerical and experimental study of a non-axisymmetrical glass bottle. In this study, a perfume bottle with a square-based prism geometry and a new set of industrial process conditions have been evaluated. To validate the numerical results, the predicted temperatures in the glass domain have been correlated with experimental infrared measurements of the glass at various stages of the forming process. A comparison of the predicted glass thickness distributions with the section profiles obtained from the manufactured glass bottles is also provided. Finally, transition from the 2Da to 3D model resulted in new difficulties and capabilities that are also discussed.
Identification of lung adenocarcinoma subtypes and a prognostic signature based on activity changes of the hallmark and immunologic gene sets
Authors: Zhou Shunkai , Zeng Dehua , Zhang Meiqing , Chen Mengmeng , Liu Yaming , Chen Qiqiang , Lin Zhenya , Yang Shengsheng , Fu Zhichao , Ying Wenmin , Lian Duohuang
Published: November 2022

Background: Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) has a complex tumor heterogeneity. This study aimed to identify LUAD subtypes and build a reliable prognostic signature based on the activity changes of the hallmark and immunologic gene sets.
Methods: Changes in the activities of the hallmark and immunologic gene sets were analyzed based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA)-LUAD dataset, followed by identification of prognosis-related differential gene sets (DGSs) and their related LUAD subtypes. Survival analysis, correlation with clinical characteristics, and immune microenvironment assessment for subtypes were performed. Moreover, the DGSs among different subtypes were identified, followed by the construction and evaluation of a prognostic risk score model and nomogram. The tumor mutation burden (TMB) of different risk groups wascompared.
Results: Two LUAD subtypes were identified based on the activity changes of the hallmark and immunologic gene sets. Cluster 2 had worse prognosis, more advanced tumorand clinical stages, and higher immune infiltration than cluster 1. Moreover, a prognostic risk score signaturewas established using two LUAD subtype-related DGSs, which could stratify patients at different risk levels. A shorter survival time and higher TMB levels were observed in the high-risk patients. The established nomogram accurately predicted the survival outcomes.
Conclusions: Our findings revealed that our constructed prognostic signature could accurately predict the survival outcomes and immune microenvironment of patients with LUAD, which was helpful in predicting the prognosis and guiding personalized therapeutic strategies for LUAD.
Psoralidin inhibits osteosarcoma function by down-regulating ITGB1 expression through FAK and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways
Authors: Cheng Shengwen , Liu Senrui , Chen Bowen , Du Chengcheng , Xiao Pengcheng , Luo Xuefeng , Wei Li , Lei Yiting , Zhao Chen , Huang Wei
Published: November 2022

Background
Psoralea is a medicinal plant of legume, which has been used in many diseases for a long time. Psoralidin (PSO) is the main extract of psoralea, which has antibacterial, anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and other pharmacological activities. The inhibitory effect of PSO on tumor has been found, but its inhibitory effect on osteosarcoma has not been reported. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the inhibitory effect of PSO on osteosarcoma and its underlying molecular mechanism.
Materials and Methods
Crystal violet assay, CCK8 assay, and EdU stain assay were used to confirm the inhibitory effect of PSO on the proliferation of 143B and MG63 osteosarcoma cells. Wound healing and Transwell assays were conducted to evaluate the effects of PSO on osteosarcoma cell migration and invasion. The cell cycle and apoptosis were observed by flow cytometry. RNA sequencing was performed to determine the possible relevant molecular mechanisms, and protein expression levels were analyzed using Western blot. The inhibitory effect of PSO on osteosarcoma in vivo was analyzed by an orthotopic OS tumor animal model and immunohistochemistry.
Results
According to crystal violet assay, cck8 assay, and EdU stain assay, PSO inhibited cell proliferation in a concentration-dependent manner. Moreover, PSO inhibited the migration and invasion of the osteosarcoma cells. Flow cytometry analysis showed that PSO induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in OS cells. To elucidate the molecular mechanism of PSO, we performed RNA-seq analysis and found that PSO treatment significantly inhibited FAK and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways by down-regulating the expression of ITGB1 in MG63 and 143B cells. Furthermore, we confirmed that PSO restrained osteosarcoma growth In vivo mouse models.
Conclusion
PSO may play an anti-osteosarcoma role via FAK and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways by down-regulating ITGB1 expression
A Real-time Calibration Method for the Numerical Pollen Forecast Model COSMO-ART
Authors: Adamov Simon , Pauling Andreas
Published: November 2022

Technologies for monitoring pollen concentrations in real time made substantial advances in the past years and become increasingly available. This opens the possibility to calibrate numerical pollen forecast models in real time and make a significant step forward regarding the quality of pollen forecasts. We present a method to use real-time pollen measurements in numerical pollen forecast models. The main idea is to calibrate model parameterizations and not to assimilate measurements in a nudging sense. This ensures that the positive effect persists throughout the forecast period and does not vanish after a few forecast hours. We propose to adapt in real time both the model phenology scheme and the overall tuning factor that is present in any numerical pollen forecast model. To test this approach we used the numerical pollen forecast model COSMO-ART (COnsortium for Small-scale MOdelling - Aerosols and Reactive Trace gases) on a mesh size of 1.1 km covering the greater Alpine domain. Test runs covered two pollen seasons and included Corylus, Alnus, Betula and Poaceae pollen. Comparison with daily measurements from 13 Swiss pollen stations revealed that the model improvements are large, but fine tuning of the method remains a challenge. We conclude that the presented approach is a first valuable step towards comprehensive real-time calibration of numerical pollen forecast models.
High Resolution Melting (HRM) approach-based strategy for simultaneous differentiation of five Babesia species response for human babesiosis
Authors: Wang YanBo , Zhang Shangdi , Li Xiaoyun , Nian Yueli , Yin Hong , Liu Xinyue , Liu Junlong , Wang Jinming , Guan Guiquan
Published: November 2022

Background
Five Babesia species, including Babesia microti, Babesia divergens, Babesia duncani, Babesia motasi, and Babesia crassa-like, are considered to be the major pathogens responsible for human babesiosis in endemic regions. Each of these species possesses a variable degree of virulence towards its hosts. Therefore, the accurate identification of these species is critical for the adoption of appropriate therapies.
Methods
In this study, we developed a real-time PCR high-resolution melting analysis (qPCR- HRM) approach targeting 18S rRNA for distinguishing the five Babesia spp. based on melting temperature (Tm) and genotype confidence percent (GCP) values. This approach was evaluated using 429 blood samples from patients with a history of tick bites and 200 positive specimens from laboratory infections.
Results
The results showed that the sensitivity and specificity of the proposed qPCR-HRM based method were 95% and 100%, respectively, and the detection limit weas 1-100 copies of plasmid. The detection performance of the assay was assessed using clinical and laboratory infected specimens.
Conclusions
The developed detection method provides a useful tool for the epidemiological investigation of human babesiosis and pre-transfusion screening.
Sonoprinting Nanoparticles on Cellular Spheroids via Surface Acoustic Waves for Enhanced Nanotherapeutics Delivery
Authors: Tabrizian Maryam , Rasouli Reza , Paun Radu
Published: November 2022

Nanotherapeutics, on their path to the target tissues, face numerous physicochemical hindrances that affect their therapeutic efficacy. These barriers can limit the penetration of nanocarriers into deeper regions of densely packed tissues such as tumors, thereby preventing the efficient delivery of drug cargo. To address this challenge, we introduce a novel approach that employs surface acoustic wave (SAW) technology to sonoprint and enhance the delivery of nanoparticles to spheroids. Our SAW platform is designed to generate focused and unidirectional acoustic waves for creating vigorous acoustic streaming and Bjerknes forces. The effect of SAW excitation on cell viability as well as the accumulation and penetration of nanoparticles on human breast cancer (MCF 7) and mouse melanoma (YUMM 1.7) spheroids were investigated. The high frequency, low input voltage, and contact-free nature of the proposed SAW system ensured over 92% cells’ viability. The SAW sonoprinting enhanced the accumulation of 100 nm polystyrene particles on the spheroids to near four-fold, while improving the penetration of nanoparticles into the spheroids by up to three times. To demonstrate the effectiveness of our SAW platform for nanotherapeutics delivery, the platform was used to deliver nanoliposomes encapsulated with the anti-cancer copper diethyldithiocarbamate (CuET) to MCF 7 and YUMM 1.7 spheroids. A three-fold increase in the cytotoxic activity of the drug was observed in spheroids under SAW, compared to controls. The capacity of SAW-based devices to be manufactured as minuscule wearable patches can offer highly controllable, localized, and continuous acoustic waves to enhance drug delivery efficiency to target tissues.
Analytical Approaches to Characterize the Source of Meiyuanshi-stone Using Petrographic and Geochemical Methods
Authors: Guo Xiuwei , Zhang Yawen , Xu Xuemin , Dai Shibing , Huang Jizhong
Published: November 2022

The "Meiyuanshi-stone", who has witnessed the prosperous of the Maritime Silk Road, has attracted the attention of scholars in China, Japan, and South Korea in recent years. Meiyuanshi-stone was prestige material for carving, figures or building elements of temples. Not only for authentical conservation of such stone monuments, the features of Meiyuanshi-stone provide the most direct physical information for confirming similar stone materials in China, Japan, and countries around the Maritime Silk Road. Aiming to define Mieyuanshi-stone, petrographic and geochemical investigations of rocks were carried out on samples collected from quarries and the Sumeru seat in the main hall of Baoguosi (Ningbo, Zhejiang, China). The integrated chemical data acquired by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis, along with petrographic data, allowed us to ascertain the compositions of raw materials. Through comparison of petrographic features, major and trace elements contents of Meiyuanshi-, Xiaoxishi-, and Dayinshi-stone, it has been concluded that Meiyuanshi-stone is massive (no internal stratification), thick structureless, well sorted, and fine-grained trachytic tuff. By comparing petrographic and chemical features, we were able to confirm that the Sumeru seat in Baoguosi is made of Meiyuanshi-stone.
Sampling Point Planning for Complex Surface Inspection based on Feature Points under Area Division
Authors: Sun Jianghao , Xiang Sitong , Zhou Tao , Cheng Tao
Published: November 2022

Traditional sampling point planning methods usually apply the same sampling strategy to all areas of the complex surface. It is very likely to miss the extreme points in areas with large curvature changes, which leads to low fitting accuracy. This paper proposes a new sampling method for complex surfaces based on feature points under area division. First, the curvature characteristics of the complex surface is analyzed, and the complex surface is divided into flat and sharply-edged areas. Then, for the flat areas the uniform distribution method is used, and for the sharply-edged areas, the feature points are defined and searched, and the curvature adaptive planning method based on the feature points is adopted. Finally, the repeated and redundant points are optimized and adjusted. The experimental verification results show that compared with four traditional sampling methods, the maximum and mean fitting errors of the proposed method are significantly reduced and the measuring accuracy is efficiently improved.
Performance Evaluation and Analysis of Massive MIMO channels for 5G Mobile Networks
Authors: KABAOU Mohamed Ouwais , Zoghlami Nesrine , Hafidhi Intidhar , Khan Ilyas
Published: November 2022

The main objective of this study was to study, analyze and address the channel behavior in a mobile radio transmission chain. One of the major challenges in telecommunications networks (5G) is to minimize the propagation attenuation and consequently guarantee good Quality of Services. With the increased demand in terms of throughput and etwork coverage, a rigorous characterization of channels is demanded. In this article, a new characterization method that uses an analytical modeling approach based on Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) channels is proposed. Definitely, the channel characterization and modeling for a MIMO system must take into account at the same level the spatial and temporal representations. In the spatial domain, the transmission channel characterization allows realistic and accurate modeling. In a MIMO context, this modeling is important since it gives a gain in throughput and, consequently, a good performance relatively to conventional and classical systems. Here, it is studied the behavior of these information carriers deploying the context of propagation environment as well as the effect of fading, diversity, multiplexing and multipath phenomenon. Hence, a specific study based on Rayleigh and Additive White Gaussian Noise channels is presented.
Tensor splitting preconditioners for multilinear system
Authors: Karimi Saeed , Dehdezi Eisa Khosravi
Published: November 2022

In this paper, we propose some new preconditioners for solving multilinear system Axm-1 = b. These preconditioners are based on tensor splitting. We also present some theorems for analyzing and converging the preconditioned Jacobi, Gauss-Seidel, and SOR-type iterative methods. Numerical examples are presented to verify the efficiency of the proposed preconditioned methods.
Mathematics Subject Classification (2010). 15A10, 15A69, 15A72, 15A99, 65F10.
Effective approaches to disaster evacuation during a COVID-like pandemic
Authors: Tsai Yi-Lin , Sitepu Dymasius Y. , Chappell Karyn E. , Mediratta Rishi P. , Wang C. Jason , Kitanidis Peter K. , Field Christopher B.
Published: November 2022

Since COVID-19 vaccines became available, no studies have quantified how different disaster evacuation strategies can mitigate pandemic risks in shelters. Therefore, we applied an age-structured epidemiological model, known as the Susceptible-Exposed-Infectious-Recovered (SEIR) model, to investigate to what extent different vaccine uptake levels and the Diversion protocol implemented in Taiwan decrease infections and delay pandemic peak occurrences. Taiwan’s Diversion protocol involves diverting those in self-quarantine due to exposure, thus preventing them from mingling with the general public at a congregate shelter. The Diversion protocol, combined with sufficient vaccine uptake, can decrease the maximum number of infections and delay outbreaks relative to scenarios without such strategies. When the diversion of all exposed people is not possible, or vaccine uptake is insufficient, the Diversion protocol is still valuable. Furthermore, a group of evacuees that consists primarily of a young adult population tends to experience pandemic peak occurrences sooner and have up to 180% more infections than does a majority elderly group when the Diversion protocol is implemented. However, when the Diversion protocol is not enforced, the majority elderly group suffers from up to 20% more severe cases than the majority young adult group.
Does the Metro System Change Urban Form? A Difference-in-Differences Analysis of the Taipei Metropolitan Area, Taiwan
Authors: Chiu Bing-yu
Published: November 2022

How does urban form change after investments in metro systems? Most of the new metro systems around the world currently under construction are in middle-income countries. As economic development is often a policy goal of transit investments, the urban form effects of earlier systems and their economic implications will be of interest for policy makers in these countries. Home to Taiwan’s first metro system that opened in 1996, Taipei can offer lessons on whether, how, and under what conditions its transit investments affect urban form. The objective of this study is to examine whether the introduction of new metro stations in the Taipei metropolitan area influenced urban form by concentrating both population and jobs to their proximity, and whether the duration of presence of metro stations is associated with the extent of such urban form effects. The urban form characteristics of interest were the population density and job density of a traffic analysis zone (TAZ). I used ArcGIS to identify TAZs within 800 meters from metro stations that opened at various times, and applied difference-in-differences, an econometric method of causal inference often used for policy evaluation, to analyze TAZ-level population and employment data from sources including the most recent 2000 and 2009 household travel surveys. Results show that newly introduced metro stations had no effects on the population density and job density of TAZs in their proximity. Although my findings neither confirm nor contribute to the existing knowledge about the relationship between transit investments and urban form, they sustain the academic quest for such relationship and advocate for policy change. Most importantly, they present evidence that the disconnect between transit investments and urban form changes should be remedied by intentional planning measures that facilitate transit-oriented development (TOD) to shape economically prosperous and environmentally sustainable compact cities.
Caspase-1 modulates chronic restraint stress-induced depression and GABAergic dysfunction via regulating GAD67 in the hippocampus
Authors: Li Mingxing , Sun Xuejiao , Wang Zongqin , Li Yi
Published: November 2022

Major depression disorder (MDD) is a common psychiatric disorder. Both inflammation and GABAergic dysfunction have been implicated in the pathophysiology of MDD. Caspase-1, a classic inflammatory caspase, regulates AMPARs-mediated glutamatergic neurotransmission. However, the role of caspase-1 in chronic stress-induced GABAergic dysfunction remains largely unknown. In this study, we found that serum and hippocampal caspase-1 levels increased significantly in chronic restraint stress (CRS) mice, and a significant negative correlation occurred between levels of caspase-1 and depression-like behaviors. Furthermore, CRS significantly decreased GAD67 mRNA levels and GABAARs-mediated miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents (mIPSCs) in the hippocampus. Genetic deficiency of caspase-1 not only blocked CRS-induced depression-like behaviors, but also alleviated CRS-induced impairments in GABAergic neurotransmission, including the decreased expression of GAD67 and the amplitude and frequency of mIPSCs. Finally, reexpression of caspase-1 in the hippocampus of Caspase-1-/- mice increased susceptibility to stress-induced anxiety- and depression-like behaviors through inhibiting GAD67 expression and GABAARs-mediated mIPSCs. Our study suggests that CRS dysregulates GABAergic neurotransmission via increasing the levels of caspase-1 in the hippocampus, ultimately leading to depression-like behaviors. This work illustrates that targeting caspase-1 may provide potential therapeutic benefits to stress-related GABAergic dysfunction in the pathogenesis of MDD.
Are the [6]-coordinated sites in tourmaline in certain cases partially vacant?
Authors: Ertl Andreas
Published: November 2022

Tourmaline has two different [6]-coordinated sites, the Y site and the Z site. Vacancies were reported from both sites. Based on high-quality chemical and single-crystal structural data it always needs increasing proportions or short-range order configurations Na(Al2⊏)Al6(BO3)3[Si6O18]V(OH)3W(OH) or Na(Al2⊏)Al6(BO3)3[Si6O18]V(OH)3WF in order to produce Y-site vacancies. Therefore, tourmalines enriched in cations with charge 2+ (Fe2+, Mn2+, Mg) contain only insignificant Y-site vacancies. Only Al-rich tourmalines with >7.0 apfu Altotal that usually contain >0.2 apfu Li may have significant vacancies at the Y site. However, no more than 12% vacancies (0.36 pfu) at the Y site can be observed in such samples. It is proposed to calculate the Li content in such colourless or coloured tourmalines (elbaite, fluor-elbaite, fluor-liddicoatite, rossmanite), if no chemical data for Li is available, for Y = 2.8 apfu or for Y + Z + T = 14.8 apfu, because this calculation should give more accurate results than calculating the Li content as the difference to 3.0 apfu at the Y site. For Fe2+-rich and Mg-bearing tourmalines (schorl-dravite series) with MgO >1.0 wt% the structural formula can still be calculated for Y + Z + T = 15 apfu, because such tourmalines do not appear to contain significant Y-site vacancies. It can further be concluded that the Z site could be only <1% vacant and therefore such vacancies would be insignificant even in Al-rich tourmaline.
Differences of lipid proton compositions and fatty acids between alcoholic fatty liver and high-fat diet fatty liver animal models :9.4T magnetic resonance spectroscopy study
Authors: Cho Yeon-Hyeon , Yu Seung-Man
Published: November 2022

The objective of this study was to determine differences in chemical compositions according to fat deposition in the liver using an alcoholic fatty liver animal model and a high-fat diet induced fatty liver animal model. A mouse model of chronic and binge ethanol feeding (NIAAA model), an alcoholic fatty liver model, was used to induce fatty liver according to the study protocol. The NIAAA control group had 15 mice. The NIAAA experimental group was administered with Lieber DeCarli diet powder. The high-fat diet control group was fed a general diet ad libitum. The high-fat diet fatty liver group was induced with a high-fat (60%) diet. Data were acquired by 9.4T magnetic resonance spectroscopy for each fatty liver animal model. Fatty acids were calculated by quantifying each lipid proton through T2 correction. Difference in lipid proton (LP) for each model was identified with a multivariate statistical method. Mean differences in fatty acids among the four models were compared. The difference in LP composition was insignificant between the high-fat diet control and the experimental group. Orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis of the high-fat experimental group and the NIAAA experimental group showed no significant difference in the composition of each LP. However, there was a difference in the value of the composition deposited in the liver between NIAAA control and experimental groups. Comparison of each fatty acid between NIAAA control and experimental groups revealed that poly unsaturated bond was significantly (p = 0.002) higher in the experimental group than in the control group. There were differences in total lipid and polyunsaturated bonds between NIAAA experimental and control groups. Methylene protons were deposited at lower concentrations whereas diallylic protons were deposited at higher concentrations in the NIAAA experimental group than in the control group.
RR-SFVP: Design of arbitration unit based on Round Robin method with Strong Fairness and Variable Priority for NoC Router
Authors: fard Elnaz Shafigh , Jamali Mohammad Ali Jabraeil , Masdari Mohammad , Majidzadeh Kambiz
Published: November 2022

Network on chip (NoC) is one of the communicative structures for multiple cores that has scalability. In designing the NoC micro-router architecture, the arbitration unit is very important due to its significant impact on performance, chip occupation level and NoC power consumption. In this paper, a router arbitration architecture is proposed with a combination of variable priority arbitration and Round Robin. In this architecture, arbitration examines the requests of other channels based on the Round Robin index after requesting the flit to exit the virtual channel in addition to checking the availability of the relevant virtual channel.The simulation results show that the architecture of the RR-SFVP arbitration unit compared to the standard RR method, is 13.7% smaller in area and has 5.7% less power consumption and 53.7% less critical path delay.
Functional-structural decoupling in visual network is associated with cognitive decline in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: Evidence from a multimodal MRI analysis
Authors: Ni Min-Hua , Yu Ying , Yang Yang , Li Ze-Yang , Ma Teng , Xie Hao , Li Si-Ning , Dai Pan , Cao Xin-Yu , Cui Yan-Yan , Zhu Jun-Ling , Cui Guang-Bin , Yan Lin-Feng
Published: November 2022

Visual network (VN) related alterations is suggested to be one potential mechanism in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) associated mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and functional-structural coupling is a useful method to explore cerebral subtle changes. However, it is still unclear about the relationship between functional-structural decoupling in VN evidences derived from functional magnetic resonance imaging and cognitive impairment in T2DM. Thirty T2DM patients without MCI and twenty-nine healthy controls were prospectively enrolled. Visual components (VC) were estimated by independent component analysis (ICA). Degree centrality (DC), amplitude of low frequency fluctuation (ALFF) and fractional anisotropy (FA) were constructed to reflect functional and structural characteristics in these VCs respectively. Functional-structural coupling coefficients were further evaluated using combined FA and DC or ALFF. Partial correlations were performed between neuroimaging indicators and neuropsychological scores and clinical variables. Three VCs were selected using group ICA. Deteriorated DC, ALFF and DC-FA coefficients in VC1 were observed in T2DM group compared with control subjects, while FA and ALFF-FA coefficients in three VCs were no significant differences between two groups. In T2DM group, DC in VC1 positively correlated with 2 subitems of the California Verbal Learning Test, including Trial 4 and Total trial 1–5. The impaired DC-FA coefficients in VC1 markedly affected the Total perseverative responses % of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test. These findings indicate that DC and DC-FA coefficients in VN may be potential imaging biomarkers for revealing early cognitive deficits of different dimensions in T2DM.
Transmission Electron Microscopy in the Study of Autophagy: Seeing is Not Always Believing
Authors: Martí-Clua Joaquín
Published: November 2022

Autophagy is a catabolic process involved in the maintenance of cellular homeostasis in which macromolecules and cytoplasmic organelles are sequestered within double membrane vesicles named autophagosomes, and delivered to lysosomes for fusion and degradation. There are several methods for monitoring autophagy including transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and the detection of molecules such as the autophagy-related 8vproteins, sequestosome-1 and the microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3. The use of these methods has overtaken TEM as the main procedure to study autophagy. Despite this, TEM is still a reliable method to detect autophagic cells due to the high resolution of electron microscopy images, which provide key information on the ultrastructural details of autophagic compartments that are not obtained by any other procedures. However, caution should be taken when electron micrographs of presumably autophagic cells are analyzed, as several diagnostic errors have been reported. It is essential to avoid mistakes when identifying autophagic compartments in order to get the most accurate data. This is especially important when results among laboratories are compared. The goal of this review is to show some mistakes in the identification of autophagic neuroblasts in the rat cerebellar external granular layer after hydroxyurea exposure. It is my hope that the ultrastructural micrographs shown here will be a reference for researchers involved in the study of autophagy.
Loss of function of ADNP by an intragenic inversion: towards an out-of frame start codon mechanism
Authors: Georget Mathieu , Lejeune Elodie , Buratti Julien , Servant Euphrasie , Guern Eric le , Héron Delphine , Keren Boris , Agathe Jean-Madeleine de Sainte
Published: November 2022

ADNP is a well-known gene implicated in intellectual disability and its molecular spectrum consists mainly in loss of function variant in the ADNP last and largest exon. Here, we report the first description of a patient with intellectual disability identified with an intragenic inversion in ADNP. RNAseq experiment showed a splice skipping of the inversed exons. Moreover, in-silico analysis of initiating ATGs in the mutated transcript using contextual Kozak score suggested that several initiating ATGs were likely used to translate poisonous out-of-frame ORFs and would lead to the suppression of any in-frame rescuing translation, thereby causing haploinsufficiency. As constitutive Alu sequences with high homology were identified at both breakpoints in reversed orientation in the reference genome, we hypothesized that Alu-mediated non-allelic-homologous recombination was responsible for this rearrangement. Therefore, as this inversion is not detectable by exome sequencing, this mechanism could be a potential underdiagnosed recurrent mutation in ADNP-related disorders.
RETRACTED: Numerical Solution of Skin Friction in Porous Medium Using Brinkman Forchheimer Model Under Fuzzy Environment
Authors: Barhoi Amir , Gohain Chittaranjan , Hazarika G. C. , Anand M. Clement Joe
Published: November 2022

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Foam mat drying of Indian blackberry (SyzygiumcuminiiL.) fruit pulp: Optimization of process parameters and its powder characteristics
Authors: Sahu Indrajeet , Mohapatra Minati , Panda Manoj Kumar , Nayak Raghabananda , Pal Uma Sankar , Rayaguru Kalpana , Dash S.K.
Published: November 2022

Foam-mat drying of Indian black-berry pulp (Syzygiumcumini L.) was carried out using different foaming aids, to determine the effects of concentration of maltodextrin (MD), soy protein isolate (SPI) and carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) on foaming characteristics e.g. foam expansion (FE), foam stability (FS) and foam density (FD). Optimization of product ingredients were performed using three levels of MD (3.0, 5.0, and 7.0 %), SPI (0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 %) and CMC (0.0, 1.0, and 2.0 %) using Box-Behnken method of response surface design. The optimum solutions of the process parameters were obtained at 5.47% of MD, 1.02% of SPI and 1.06% of CMC with response functions of 93.93% FE, 91.60% FS and 481.71 kg/m3 FD. The optimised foamed jamun pulp was dried using hot air-drying method at temperature of 50, 60 and 70°C. The drying rate and effective moisture diffusivity (8.978×10-11 to 1.246×10-10 m2/s) increased with increase in drying temperature. The powder characteristics of dried jamun pulp including bulk density (0.15 to 0.12), flowability: HR (1.27 to 1.13) and CI (21.28 to 12.26 %), total anthocyanin content (61.06 to 35.63 mg/100g) and total phenolic content (278.49 to 195.78 mg GAE/100g) were reduced as the drying air temperature increased from 50 to 70° C, however water solubility index (58.55 to 74.28 %) and hygroscopicity (12.43 to 14.22 g/100g) of powder increased. The dried powder had a porous microstructure and yield medium brightness to their colour.
Effects of opioids, steroids, benzodiazepines, anticholinergics, and antihistamines on the efficacy of antipsychotics for treating delirium in patients undergoing palliative care
Authors: Sato Junya , Tanaka Rei
Published: November 2022

Purpose
To investigate the effects of opioid, steroid, benzodiazepine, anticholinergic, and antihistamine combinations on the efficacy of antipsychotics used to treat delirium.
Methods
End-of-life palliative care patients with overactive delirium were included. Changes in delirium symptoms were assessed using the Intensive Care Delirium Screening Checklist (ICDSC). Changes in scores before and after antipsychotic use in 97 patients with ICDSC scores of ≥ 4 were retrospectively reviewed from medical records. A mean ICDSC score < 4 for the first 3 days after antipsychotic administration was evaluated as effective. The number of days with a score < 4 during the 3 days was also evaluated as a secondary outcome. The two efficacies were compared with and without opioids, steroids, benzodiazepines, anticholinergics, and concomitant antihistamines.
Results
The concomitant use of benzodiazepines before and after delirium treatment tended to decrease the efficacy rate of antipsychotics (odds ratio, 0.330; 95% CI: 0.089–1.222; p = 0.097). The concomitant use of benzodiazepines also showed a trend toward a lower number of days (%) with a score < 4 (13% vs. 24%, p = 0.061). There was no influence of the concomitant use of opioids, steroids, anticholinergics, or antihistamines observed.
Conclusion
There may be a few disadvantages to the continued use of opioids, steroids, anticholinergics, and antihistamines after commencing delirium treatment with antipsychotics. However, the continuation of benzodiazepine administration after delirium onset should be carefully considered because of their potential negative influence on the efficacy of delirium treatment.
Empirical Mode Decomposition with Multivariable Time Series Feature Learning for QoS Prediction
Authors: Zhao Yuqi , Li Bing , Wang Jian , Chen Xiuqing , Xiong Yiming , Zhang Zhen , Qiao Yu
Published: November 2022

Predicting the quality of service (QoS) for Web services has become an essential topic in services computing. Existing QoS prediction approaches typically treat each QoS record as a basic unit, ignoring that a QoS time series is a hybrid sequence with multiple frequency features. As a result, we propose AE-mLSTM, a hybrid QoS forecasting method that combines the empirical mode decomposition (EMD) model and the multivariable LSTM model, to capture the intrinsic properties of time-series QoS records. In addition, AE-mLSTM employs an attention mechanism for multi-task learning, which can learn the shared representation of different tasks and jointly predict the tasks of QoS and timing direction. Experiments conducted on two real-world datasets demonstrate that our approach outperforms several state-of-the-art QoS prediction methods. It can improve the average RMSE, MAPE, and MAE by 5.05%, 4.68%, and 5.74% for the Web service dataset and by 10.99%, 12.33%, and 10.93% for the IoT service dataset.
Performance analysis of MTC traffic on TCP in 5G wireless network
Authors: Goudru N. G.
Published: November 2022

5G wireless network carry different type of traffic generated by various applications running on the hosts. Some of the traffic carried by 5G broadband network is human-type communication (HTC) and machine-type communication (MTC) along with conventional data traffic due to HTTP, FTP, and video streaming applications. MTC wireless communication is made up of sensors, actuators, and other devices called massive machine-type communication (mMTC), not directly operated by humans. These devices are connecting the base station at any given time that leads to randomness in the traffic flows. Thus, the data traffic generated by MTC devices can be periodic or event-triggered [1]. In this research paper, tried to extend the work proposed in [1] by considering two types of traffic, (i) periodic traffic generated by MTC and (ii) network responsive traffic generated by transmission control protocol (TCP). Traffic management at the base station is made by a RED router. A model based traffic performance analysis has been conducted to study the dynamics of sender window, rtt delay, queue dynamics, probability of packet losses and the effect of MTC load on TCP at the ingress of the router. This helps in understanding the performance of 5G wireless network, tuning the router parameters and in providing guaranteed quality of service (QoS) by optimising the network resources. Graphical and statistical analysis has been presented using Matlab programming.