bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of meditation and relaxation therapy on preoperative anxiety and stress in oral squamous cell carcinoma patients scheduled for oral and maxillofacial surgery: An experimental study
Authors: Raut Shreya J. , Shetty Lakshmi , Chhatriwala Adnan , Domah Trivina K. , Camblay Gauri
Published: March 2024

Context:

The diagnosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma [OSCC] and its treatment phase is emotionally demanding for the patient and challenging for the surgeon. The induction of stress and anxiety is unavoidable in these patients. It becomes very important for the patient to have psychological as well as physical stability during this treatment phase. Various studies have reported the beneficial effect of meditation along with relaxation therapy on healthy individuals but the beneficial effect of meditation and relaxation therapy [MRT] to reduce stress and anxiety preoperatively in OSCC patients has not been reported in scientific literature.

Aim:

The aim of this study was to study the effect of MRT on preoperative anxiety and stress in OSCC patients undergoing for oral and maxillofacial surgery.

Settings and Design:

An experimental, parallel study design was carried out with randomization of patients into experimental[25] and control group[25] with allocation ratio 1:1 in 50 patients diagnosed with OSCC [stage II or III] scheduled for oral and maxillofacial surgery with general anesthesia.

Materials and Methods:

The biopsy which was the prerequisite for the diagnosis was taken. Twenty-one days before surgery in experimental group, patients were oriented about meditation and relaxation exercises. The reorientation of MRT was done from the day of admission twice a day till the day of surgery. Physiological parameters for stress and anxiety like heart rate [HR], blood pressure [BP], pulse rate [PR], and respiratory rate [RR] were evaluated on 1st day of MRT at 9 am and on the day of surgery. The serum cortisol which was quantitative parameter for stress was evaluated 1st day of MRT at 9 am fasting and on the day of surgery. The qualitative analysis for anxiety was done preoperatively using visual analog scale on the 1st day before MRT and compared with the values on the day of surgery after MRT at a specific time.

Statistical Analysis:

Paired t-test analysis was used intragroup whereas unpaired t-test was used intergroup between experimental and control groups with significance at P = 0.05 and highly significant at P = 0.0001.

Results:

The serum cortisol was significantly less in the experimental group over control group with t = 7.04 and P = 0.0001. The systolic and diastolic BP, pulse rate, respiratory rate, and anxiety in the experimental group reported significantly less rate compared to the control group with t = 5.66, t = 22.2, t = 11.93, t = 27.71, and P = 0.0001.

Conclusion:

In our study, MRT in the form of Sukhasana, Anulom Vilom, Omkar chanting, and Shavasana for 30 min twice daily has shown positive effect to reduce stress and anxiety. The serum cortisol as a quantitative parameter has been effectively evaluated in this benchmark study.
Dysontogenic cyst of the oral floor excision by preserving Wharton’s duct by micro-surgical repair and relocation to floor of the mouth – A clinical case report
Authors: Balasubramaniyan Nathiya , Kurian Rinku G. , Somasundaram Umesh R. , Sivanandham Shamala
Published: March 2024

A 20-year-old female presents with a painless, progressive, normal color smooth surface sublingual swelling extending to chin that had gradually increased in size over the preceding 2 months, which severely impaired her speech and swallowing. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy was suggestive of benign cystic lesion. Following surgical excision, the mass was found to contain a large amount of sebaceous keratin material removed along with the entire capsule of the cyst. Definitive diagnosis was confirmed with histological examination. We report a case of dermoid cyst treated surgically through an intra-oral approach by preserving and relocating the Wharton’s duct using micro-surgical repair to the floor of the mouth, thereby leading to a good cosmetic and functional result for the patient.
Comparative efficacy of pre-operative and post-operative administration of amoxicillin in third molar extraction surgery – A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Karemore Tapasya V. , Ashtankar Kanchan A. , Motwani Mukta
Published: March 2024

To compare the effectiveness of pre-operative and post-operative administration of amoxicillin in patients undergoing third molar extraction surgery. A systematic search was executed according to PRISMA guidelines for studies published till December 2021. Studies were included based on the pre-eligibility criteria. The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool. The heterogeneity was evaluated, and a random effect model was used for meta-analysis. A total of five studies were included from an initial search of 96 studies. The included studies were randomized controlled trials and comparative studies assessing pre-operative and post-operative administration of antibiotics among patients undergoing third molar extraction surgery. For comparison between pre-operative and post-operative groups, interincisal distance, complications, pain, and swelling were systematically reviewed and meta-analysis was done for interincisal distance and complications. The mean change in interincisal distance ranged from 5.5 to 47.9 and from 4.56 to 46.1 in the pre-operative and post-operative amoxicillin groups, respectively. Complications reported were infections, alveolar osteitis, nausea, diarrhea, gastric pain, rash, and headache with a pooled incidence of 4.3–33% in the pre-operative amoxicillin group and 0–22.7% in the post-operative amoxicillin group. Quantitative synthesis of data carried out from meta-analysis shows a significant difference in the pre-operative and post-operative amoxicillin groups in improving the interincisal distance and incidence of complications post surgery. The qualitative synthesis of data derived from systematic review for pain provides favoring results for post-operative amoxicillin administration. In case of swelling, a non-conclusive result was obtained.
Guidelines for dental implants in the times of COVID-19
Authors: Solanki Neeti , Yadav Lakshya Kumar , Singh Mayank , Chand Pooran
Published: March 2024

Since the first reported case in December 2019, COVID-19 has become a worldwide pandemic. Although primarily a zoonotic infection, human-to-human transmission is well reported now and the mode of spread is mainly via respiratory droplets during direct contact or via surfaces contaminated with the virus as it remains viable on the surfaces for a long time. Direct communication and consistent exposure to body fluids such as blood and saliva and the fact that routinely done dental procedures generate aerosols predisposing dental professionals to serious risk for COVID-19 infection. Hence, to ensure the smooth working and safety of dental professionals as well as the patients, a set of directives are of paramount importance. Various guidelines have been released for the efficient operation of dental professionals; however, no such recommendations/directives have been laid out pertaining to dental implants in particular. Here, we are presenting a set of recommendations for managing urgent implant-related treatment procedures.
Comparative evaluation of different osteosynthesis modalities with respect to lingual splaying in mandibular interforaminal fractures using CBCT: A prospective study
Authors: Mittal Gaurav , Garg Ritesh , Rathi Abhishek , Ghatak Debi Prasad , Biswas Jhilik
Published: March 2024

Introduction:

The management of interforaminal fracture can prove to be challenging because of its unique anatomy and muscular forces. Often, lingual splaying has been found either postoperatively or even during the procedures in such fractures and can be challenging when it comes to managing them. Various modalities such as miniplates, lag screws, and three-dimensional (3D) miniplates have been utilized to manage these fractures. This article compares these three modalities in the management of lingual splaying.

Material and Methods:

Thirty patients were allotted randomly to either of the aforementioned modalities randomly in this prospective study. The patients were operated and followed up for the period of 6 months.

Results:

It was found that no significant difference exists between the modalities in terms of reduction in lingual splay.

Conclusion:

All three modalities have different ventures to offer. A larger sample size study may be warranted to elucidate the obtained results.
Correlation of mandibular third molar orientation and available retromolar space with arch length discrepancy in subjects with different growth pattern
Authors: Verma Sneh Lata , Tikku Tripti , Khanna Rohit , Srivastava Kamna , Maurya Rana Pratap , Rai Priyanka
Published: March 2024

Aim and Objective:

To evaluate, compare, and correlate the mandibular third molar orientation and available retromolar space with arch length discrepancy in subjects with skeletal class II malocclusion and different growth pattern.

Material and Method:

A total of 250 patients (age >18 yrs) having skeletal class II malocclusion (based on YEN angle and WITS appraisal) were divided into two groups. Both the groups (Group I with erupted mandibular third molars {N = 150} and Group II with impacted mandibular third molars {N = 100}) were subdivided into subgroups IA (n = 71), IB (n = 19), IC (n = 71) and Group IIA (n = 54), IIB (n = 30) and IIC (n = 16) for normo-, hypo- and hyperdivergent growth patterns, respectively (based on Jarabak ratio and Sn-Go-Gn angle). Four parameters, that is, retromolar space, width of third molar, third molar angulation, and mandibular incisor angulation were measured on orthopantomogram whereas arch length discrepancy was calculated with the help of lateral cephalogram and study model. Intragroup, intergroup comparisons (using unpaired Student’s ‘t’ test), and Pearson’s correlation coefficient for assessed parameters were obtained.

Result:

Third molar angulation and retromolar space were significantly higher in Group I than in Group II (hyperdivergent pattern of Group II had highest value). The width of third molar was less than retromolar space in Group II and vice versa for Group I. Mandibular incisor angulation and arch length discrepancy were more in Group II than in Group I, but difference was statistically nonsignificant. Strong positive correlation was observed for mandibular third molar angulation and available retromolar space in normo- and hyperdivergent growth patterns.

Conclusion:

Lack of retromolar space along with increased amount of arch length discrepancy and mandibular incisor angulation is responsible for increased chances of third molar impaction in some subjects with class II malocclusion.
Renal cell carcinoma metastasizing to salivary glands: Systematic review
Authors: Gupta Sonia , Alruwaili Khalid Hussain A , Escobedo Rosa Llisel Ocampo , Pangarkar Manasi , Chawla Jatinder Pal Singh , Sunitha S. , Qureshi Kinza , Yadav Achla Bharti
Published: March 2024

Distant metastasis to salivary glands is a very rare event. Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has been known for its high propensity of metastasis to unusual locations and salivary glands are one among those sites. Approximately 0.1% of all salivary gland metastatic neoplasms originate from renal malignancies Literature has reported several studies analysing the metastatic tumors to the oral region. However, very little research work has been published to date to analyse solely the RCC metastasizing to the salivary glands. Thus, this review was conducted to examine the published cases of RCC metastasizing to salivary glands in the literature to date and to learn about their characteristics. An electronic search of the published literature was performed without publication year limitation in PubMed/ Medline, Scopus, Google Scholar, Web of Science, Science Direct, Embase, and Research Gate databases, using mesh keywords like (‘Renal cancer’, OR ‘Renal carcinoma’ OR ‘Renal cell cancer’ OR ‘Renal cell carcinoma’), AND (‘Metastasis’ OR ‘Metastases’), And (‘Salivary glands’ OR ‘Parotid gland’ OR ‘Submandibular gland’ OR ‘Sublingual gland’). We also searched all related journals manually. The reference list of all articles was also checked. Our research revealed a total of 83 relevant papers (1965-2022) with 100 patients. Parotid was the most predominant gland affected. 8% of patients died with a mean survival time of 1.3 yr. From this research, it can be concluded that RCC metastasizing to salivary glands is a rare occurrence. Careful evaluation of these cases is needed in order to raise awareness of these lesions and gain a better understanding of their characteristics for clinical as well as global implications.
Anesthetic management of glycogen storage disease type 1b during liver transplantation: a case report
Authors: Gedik Helin G.
Published: March 2024

The glycogen storage disease type 1b is a rare metabolic disease caused by the glucose 6-phosphate transporter disorder. This study presents a 10-year-old female patient with growth retardation, neutropenia and inflammatory bowel disease, severe hypoglycemia attacks before and during the surgery, and hepatocellular carcinoma who underwent liver transplantation. A multidisciplinary approach from the preoperative preparation stage is essential in addition to intraoperative intervention for hypoglycemia and lactic acidosis in the anesthetic management of these patients.
Endotracheal intubation and central venous catheter placement in lateral position in an emergency traumatic injury: an improvised attempt in crisis
Authors: Kumar Abhyuday , Singh Saras , Parambath Akhil V. , Singh Pratik K. , Tiwari Swapnil
Published: March 2024

Endotracheal intubation and central venous catheter (CVC) insertion are generally performed on the patient in the supine position. In traumatic cases, manual in-line stabilization and Sellick’s maneuver make airway management difficult. CVC insertion in the lateral position is not reported in the literature. A 30-year-old male with a history of falls from height presented with iron rods pierced into the right hand and right leg. The patient was intubated with manual in-line stabilization and Sellick’s maneuver in a lateral position. Due to the technical difficulty on the right side, CVC was inserted on the left side in a lateral position. Needle orientation was modified as per the position of the patient, and the left arm was pulled during the CVC insertion. The most experienced anesthesiologists should attempt for the best outcome. Wherever available, CVC should be inserted under ultrasonic guidance. With the landmark technique, the three-dimensional orientation of the anatomy should be kept in mind while attempting CVC insertion in an abnormal position.
A comparative study between neostigmine and dexamethasone as an adjuvant to bupivacaine in adductor canal block after knee arthroscopy (RCT)
Authors: Omar Heba , Mahmoud Sherif , Rady Ashraf , Magdy Reham
Published: March 2024

Background

Adjuvants to adductor canal block are used to improve the quality and duration of the block for better analgesia after knee surgeries. This study evaluates and compares the effect of adding dexamethasone and neostigmine to bupivacaine in adductor canal blocks after knee arthroscopy (KA).

Methods

In this randomized, double-blinded, controlled study, 90 patients scheduled for knee arthroscopy were randomly allocated into three groups to receive adductor canal block after the end of the arthroscopy. The control group received 20 ml bupivacaine 0.5%+2 ml normal saline, the dexamethasone group received 20 ml bupivacaine 0.5%+2 ml dexamethasone (8 mg) and the neostigmine group received 20 ml bupivacaine 0.5%+1 ml neostigmine (500 mcg) +1 ml normal saline. Outcomes: time of first rescue analgesia, sensory blockade duration, total opioid consumption, and visual analog score (VAS).

Results

Time of first rescue analgesia and Sensory block duration, were longer in dexamethasone and neostigmine groups compared with control group, with no significant difference between dexamethasone and neostigmine groups, however, clinically there was 3 h prolongation in sensory block duration in dexamethasone group. Mean morphine consumption and Visual analog score were lower in dexamethasone and neostigmine groups compared with control group, with no difference between dexamethasone and neostigmine groups,

Conclusion

Both dexamethasone and neostigmine were effective adjuvants to bupivacaine in ACB with more prolonged postoperative analgesia and less opioid consumption. Though there was no statistically significant difference between both drugs, however, dexamethasone showed some clinical superiority.
Ultrasound-guided injection of steroids versus platelet-rich plasma for sacroiliac joint chronic pain management
Authors: Mohamed Yasmine Ragab Elsayed , Abdo Ahmed Mansour Ahmed , Elsayed Rabab Saber Saleh , Deghedy Akram Abdelmoneim , Ahmed Aly Mahmoud Moustafa
Published: March 2024

Background

The spectrum of pain and disability from sacroiliac joint dysfunction is extremely variable. The treatment of SIJ pain remains a therapeutic challenge. Intra-articular SIJ infiltrations with local anesthetic and corticosteroids have the most reliable evidence supporting their use. New modalities have been introduced, such as platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injection.

Aim

This study aimed to assess and compare the efficacy of ultrasound (US) guided intra-articular and peri-articular SIJ injection with steroids (methylprednisolone) versus platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in relieving chronic SIJ pain and to assess the patient’s satisfaction, record any complications and deal with them accordingly.

Patients and methods

Fifty patients undergoing sacroiliac joint injection for the treatment of SIJ pain were included in the study. All patients have been randomly allocated to one of two groups: Group S received US-guided intra-articular and peri-articular injection of bupivacaine and methylprednisolone. Group P received US-guided intra-articular and peri-articular SIJ injection of bupivacaine and PRP.

Results

Demographic data showed no statistically significant difference between both groups. The provocative tests, the VAS score, and the MODQ score at preinjection showed no statistically significant difference. At 2 and 4 weeks postinjection, there was a statistically significant difference between the two groups showing higher values in group S than in group P. At six weeks postinjection, provocative tests were recorded in both groups with no significant difference between them. On the other hand, at eight weeks and four months postinjection, there was a statistically significant difference between the two groups showing higher values for group P than group S. The SAPS score was compared between the two groups and showed no statistically significant difference between them in any of the follow-up periods. As for the efficacy between the two groups, no statistically significant difference was noted. Regarding the complications between the two groups, there was no statistically significant difference.

Conclusion

US-guided PRP and steroid (methylprednisolone) injections into the SIJ are safe and effective modalities for reducing functional disability as well as decreasing low back pain.
Effectiveness of Program for Older People’s Health Literacy on Drug and Health Products: Northeast of Thailand
Authors: Srisaknok Tharinee , Ploylearmsang Chanuttha , Wongkongdech Ranee
Published: March 2024

Introduction:

A health literacy promotion program in drugs and health products was collaboratively developed and evaluated for effectiveness by researchers and stakeholders.

Methods:

A Solomon four-group randomized study was conducted in 2022. The participants were people aged ≥60 years enrolled at senior schools in Northeast Thailand. One hundred and eighty older people were randomly selected using multistage sampling and allocated into four groups, 45 members. The designed program covers six skills: access to health information, cognition, communication, decision-making, media literacy, and self-management. ANOVA and t-test were used.

Results:

One hundred percent response rate, participants of the program (Group 1) showed a significant improvement (pre–post) of 62.2% in their health literacy in drugs and health products use (151.54 ± 37.88, 245.73 ± 9.33, P < 0.001). Group 3, older people who joined the program with posttest only showed health literacy of 248.67 ± 11.54. In contrast, Group 2 and Group 4 with no program showed less health literacy of 149.02 ± 32.08 and 145.22 ± 34.14, respectively. On each item, the older people with the program consistently scored significantly higher across all domains (P < 0.001). The average score was 247.20 ± 10.54, which showed a high level of health literacy (≥75%). Among areas, decision-making skills revealed the highest score of 45.97 ± 1.81 out of 50. The overall satisfaction score on the program was 47.60 ± 1.50.

Conclusion:

The program demonstrated its effectiveness in improving the older population’s health literacy regarding drug and health product use. It holds potential as a strategy to encourage older people to rational drug use. Participants expressed a significant satisfaction with the program, recommended for the broader Thai older people community.
Evaluation of nanofat injection in postburn and post-traumatic facial scars
Authors: Abd Elfatah Mona R. , Hafez Atef A. , Dahy Asmaa A.
Published: March 2024

Background

In addition to the physical deformity, there is often great psychological trauma due to facial scars among patients. Fat grafting in its various forms could be considered as a hallmark in scar rejuvenation therapy in the twenty-first century. This is due to the viable adipose-derived stem cells present in the nanofat.

Objective

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of nanofat grafting on postburn and post-traumatic facial scars using a standardized and validated scale [patient observer scar assessment scale (POSAS)] and photographs.

Materials and methods

A total of 20 patients with facial scars (10 patients post-traumatic and 10 patients postburn) were studied. Preoperative scoring of the scars was performed with the POSAS, and photographs were taken. Fat aspiration was performed from the lower abdomen and thighs using syringe liposuction under tumescent anesthesia. The lipoaspirate was mechanically emulsified, filtered, and injected intralesionally into the scar using a 27 G needle. Postoperative scar reassessment was performed at 3 months using the POSAS scale and photographs. The improvements in scar characteristics and symptoms were tested statistically.

Results

On statistical analysis, there was a statistically significant improvement in symptoms such as pain, itching, stiffness, thickness and irregularity and scar characteristics such as vascularity, relief, pliability, thickness, and pigmentation 3 months after injection. The photographic comparison also showed good anesthetic outcome.

Conclusion

Autologous emulsified nanofat injection is effective in improving the scar characteristics as well as symptoms and aiding in scar rejuvenation.
Management of residual hip deformities secondary to Legg–Calve–Perthes disease in adults
Authors: Omar Mohammed K. , Sultan Abd E.M. , Ismail Mahmoud A.
Published: March 2024

Background

The objective of this study is to systematically review the results of different studies related to the management of hip deformities secondary to Perthes’ disease in adults.

Patients and methods

Thirteen studies matching the inclusion and exclusion criteria, totaling 316 adults including 326 hips that underwent 119 surgical hip dislocation (SHD), 49 periacetabular osteotomy, 111 SHD with periacetabular osteotomy, 16 intertrochanteric osteotomy with acetabular roof plasty, and 31 adductor tenotomy with cheilectomy of the femoral head. Their age was in the range from 19 to 42 years with clinical follow-up range (16–135 months). The degree of pain, function, range of movements, and deformities were evaluated.

Results

The SHD approach has a 360° view allowing full dynamic evaluation of the hip joint, identification, and correction of the most common residual deformations, leading to functional improvement and pain relief with low complication rates. Harris hip score was a common clinical parameter in a lot of studies and showed improvement from the average range (60–68.5) before surgery to 72–95 after it. In all, 188 hips were reported to have reduction in pain at last follow-up, but adequate clinical follow-up were not available for 112 hips. However, 26 patients were reported as a failure (defined as total hip arthroplasty or persistent or increased pain). Onset osteoarthritis advancement cannot be prevented in hips.

Conclusion

SHD provides the opportunity to achieve any kind of simultaneous femoral and acetabular osteotomies leading to functional improvement and pain relief with low complication rates.
Immunological markers changes in pediatric immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura
Authors: Hamada Sarah S. , Al Diwany Ola I. , Shahin Radwa S.
Published: March 2024

Background

Individuals with immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) have cellular immune responses that show the characteristics of tolerance mechanisms that have broken down.

Objectives

This study aimed to assess the percentage of regulatory T cells (Tregs) and CD4 lymphocytes that express CXCR6 in untreated newly diagnosed ITP in pediatric patients and their correlation with each other, the platelet (PLT) count and other PLT indices.

Patients and methods

A case–control study was carried out that included 40 pediatric patients with ITP, and 20 age-matched and sex-matched healthy controls were selected from Benha Children Hospital hematology clinic. Assessment of CD4+, CD25+, and FoxP3+as markers of Treg cells and also expression of the CXCR6 receptor on CD4+ T lymphocytes to evaluate the percentage of Tregs and CD4/CXCR6 +T lymphocytes were investigated by flow cytometry.

Results

There was a marked reduction in CD4/CXCR6 and Tregs (P=0.02 and 0.001) in the ITP group versus the control group. In contrast, there was a marked increase in CD4/CD25+cells (P=0.002) in the ITP group compared with the control group. There was a considerable reduction in the PLT count and the hemoglobin concentration in the ITP group compared with the control group (P=0.000 and 0.01), while there was a significant increase in large platelet cell ratio and platelet distribution width in the ITP group in comparison to the control group (P=0.04 for both of them); also, there were insignificant differences in total leukocytic count and mean platelet volume in the ITP group in comparison to the control group (P=0.28 and 0.77).

Conclusion

There was a significant decrease in the concentration of CD4+ cells that express CXCR6+ and Treg percentage in ITP patients as compared with the controls, which may explain the defect in immune self-tolerance in ITP patients.
Corneal densitometry before and after corneal collagen cross-linking in patients with keratoconus
Authors: Nassar Al Araby Abd E. , Wahab Mohamed AlTaher A. , Abou Ahmed Mahmoud S.M.
Published: March 2024

Background

Keratoconus is an ectatic corneal disorder characterized by progressive corneal thinning that results in corneal protrusion, irregular astigmatism, and decreased vision.

Objective

To evaluate changes in corneal density following corneal cross-linking (CXL) in keratoconic patients.

Patients and methods

This was a prospective case series study including all patients with keratoconus (50 eyes) undergoing CXL. The number of male patients in the study was 13 (26 eyes) cases, while female patients represented 12 (24 eyes) cases; the study was conducted at the outpatient clinic of the Ophthalmology Department at Al Azhar University Hospital.

Results

There was no statistically significant correlation between corneal densitometry and K1, K2, K-max, or thinnest corneal thickness preoperatively. There was no statistically significant correlation between corneal densitometry and K1, K2, K-max or thinnest corneal thickness at 1 month postoperatively. There was no statistically significant correlation between corneal densitometry and K1, K-max, or thinnest corneal thickness at 3 months postoperatively. Also, the table shows that there was statistically significant positive correlation between corneal densitometry and K2 with P value of 0.037 and r=0.296. There was no statistically significant correlation between corneal densitometry and K1, K2, K-max, or thinnest corneal thickness at 6 months postoperatively.

Conclusion

After CXL, the Scheimpflug corneal densitometry and clinical corneal haze peaked at 1 month followed by a gradual decline reaching baseline by 6 months after operation. Corneal thinning was correlated inversely with the corneal haze at 1 month postoperatively. Lens densitometry was not affected by CXL.
An AI-Enabled Blockchain Algorithm: A Novel Approach to Counteract Blockchain Network Security Attacks
Authors: Rajawat Anand Singh , Goyal S B , Kumar Manoj , Singh Thipendra P
Published: March 2024

INTRODUCTION: In this research, we present a novel method for strengthening the security of blockchain networks through the use of AI-driven technology. Blockchain has emerged as a game-changing technology across industries, but its security flaws, particularly in relation to Sybil and Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks, are a major cause for worry. To defend the blockchain from these sophisticated attacks, our research centres on creating a strong security solution that combines networks of Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) and Self-Organizing Maps (SOM). OBJECTIVES: The main goal of this project is to create and test an AI-driven blockchain algorithm that enhances blockchain security by utilising LSTM and SOM networks. These are the objectives that the research hopes to achieve: In order to assess the shortcomings and weaknesses of existing blockchain security mechanisms. The goal is to create a new approach that uses LSTM sequence learning and SOM pattern recognition to anticipate and stop security breaches. In order to see how well this integrated strategy works in a simulated blockchain setting against different types of security risks. METHODS: The methods used in our study are based on social network analysis. A combination of support vector machines (SOM) for pattern recognition and long short-term memory (LSTM) networks for learning and event sequence prediction using historical data constitutes the methodology. The steps involved in conducting research are: The current state of blockchain security mechanisms is examined in detail. Creating a virtual blockchain and incorporating the SOM+LSTM algorithm. Putting the algorithm through its paces in order to see how well it detects and defends against different security risks. RESULTS: Significant enhancements to blockchain network security are the primary outcomes of this study. Important results consist of: Using the SOM+LSTM technique, we were able to increase the detection rates of possible security risks, such as Sybil and DDoS attacks. Enhanced reaction times when compared to conventional security techniques for attack prediction and prevention. Demonstrated ability of the algorithm to adapt and learn from new patterns of attacks, assuring long-term sustainability. CONCLUSION: This paper's findings highlight the efficacy of enhancing blockchain security through the integration of artificial intelligence technologies such as LSTM and SOM networks. In addition to improving blockchain technology's detection and forecasting capabilities, the SOM+LSTM algorithm helps advance the platform toward greater security and reliability. This study provides a solid answer to the increasing worries about cyber dangers in the modern era and opens the door to more sophisticated AI uses in blockchain security.
Research on Improvement Calculation Method of Grid Power Losses Based on New Energy Access Model
Authors: Zhang Jun , QUE Huakun , Feng Xiashan , Feng Xiaofeng , Tang Xiling
Published: March 2024

This research presents an improved calculation method for grid power losses, particularly focusing on the challenges posed by new energy access models. With the integration of electric vehicles and the rise of data centers, the demand for electrical energy has surged, leading to increased strain on grid stations and subsequent power losses. The proposed model aimed at reducing these power losses, while also examining existing systems to mitigate and analyze such issues. A significant contribution of this work is the application of the Random Forest machine learning algorithm, which enables efficient and accurate power flow calculations essential for optimizing grid performance. The proposed method is expected to enhance the grid’s ability to handle future energy demands and contribute to the sustainable development of electrical energy systems.
Histological Authentication of Reproductive Structures of Little Indian Squid Loliolus (Loliolus) hardwickei, Grey, 1849 (Cephalopoda: loliginidae)
Authors: Panickar Neethu Raj , Anil M. K , M V Rohini Krishna
Published: March 2024

The work deals with the oogenesis, spermatogenesis and associated reproductive structures of the little Indian squid Loliolus (Loliolus) hardwickei. Histological descriptions of the ovary, oviduct, testis and needham sac were made, the various changes observed during maturation were described and the functional significance was discussed. The female reproductive system consists of the ovary, glandular oviduct, lace-like oviducal funnel, paired nidamental gland, accessory nidamental glands and a seminal receptacle for sperm storage on the ventral side of the buccal cavity. The average size of the cells of the ovary varied from 7.635±3.466 µm (primary oogonia) to 1191.114±288.188µm (Ripe oocyte). Oocyte resorption or the presence of atretic oocytes was observed in some sections. The male reproductive system consists of the testis, vas deferens, spermatophoric organ, spermduct, the system of spermatophoric glands (SG) and spermatophoric sac (Needham sac) and penis. The spermatogenesis passed through the differentiation of primodial germ cells, primary and secondary spermatogonia, primary and secondary spermatocytes, rounded spermatids, and elongated spermatids to spermatozoa or sperms. The testis is connected to a thin-walled Needham sac by the spermatophoric duct. The testis is made up of numerous seminiferous tubules and is enveloped by tunica albuginea made up of connective tissue. Histological authentication of reproductive structures in L(L) hardwickei serves the specific purpose of providing a detailed understanding of the species' reproductive biology, which has implications for ecological, environmental, and conservation management efforts.
Identification of major protozoal enteropathogens causing calf diarrhea in dairy farms in and around Holeta Town, Oromia Special Zone, Ethiopia
Authors: Girmaye Diriba , Wagari Akinaw , Beriso Teshita Edaso
Published: March 2024

Calf diarrhea can be caused by a variety of pathogens, including bacteria, viruses, protozoa, and intestinal parasites. Giardia, Eimeria, and Cryptosporidium are the most significant protozoan parasites and are all individually and  ollectively infectious. A case-series study was carried out in and around Holeta dairy farms, Oromia Special Zone, Ethiopia, from November 2017 to April 2018 to identify the main  protozoan enteropathogens from diarrheic calves. Samples were purposely collected from three dairy farms: Serkalem Dairy Farm (SDF),  Holeta Agricultural Research Centre (HARC), and Ada Berga Agricultural Research Centre (ABARC). A total of 93 fecal samples were taken from diarrheic calves of up to 4 months of age. Protozoan enteropathogens were identified using flotation and modified Ziehl Neelsen  staining methods. Cryptosporidium, Eimeria, and Giardia were detected in 44 (47.3%), 50 (53.8%), and 34 (36.6%) of the diarrheic fecal  samples examined, respectively. The findings indicated that there were 17 (18.27%) cases of Cryptosporidium, Eimeria, and Giardia as  mixed infections, 16 (17.2%) cases of Cryptosporidium and Eimeria, 5 (5.4%) cases of Cryptosporidium and Giardia, and 4 (4.3%) cases of  Eimeria and Giardia, compared to 13 (13.97%), 6 (6.45%), and 5 (5.4%) cases of Cryptosporidium, Eimeria and Giardia as single infections,  respectively. The selected farms had significant prevalence levels of three common protozoa: Eimeria, Giardia, and Cryptosporidium.  Further molecular research is required to identify the species and genotype levels of protozoal enteropathogens and related risk factors.
The Fulani in Nigeria and their Herding System: Is it an Agro-Business or a Culture?
Authors: Cinjel Nandes Dickson , Oboromeni Weinoh
Published: March 2024

The Fulani ethnic group is a Nilo-Saharan language spoken over a large area of westAfrican countries (Nigeria, Guinea Bissau, Burkina  Faso, Gambia, Cameroon and Senegal). The Fulani have long history of herding and in Nigeria; the practice is enmeshed in their culture.  This study seeks to investigate the Fulani culture and their herding system; is it an agrobusiness or a culture? The study being a  nonexperimental research adopted survey research design. Data were elicited from array of documentary facts drawn from both  published and unpublished materials. The study revealed that herding is supposed to be subsumed as an agro-business but it has been  enmeshed in the culture of the Fulani’s herders in Nigeria. The study also found that the policies of Nigeria government on herding seem  to treats the Fulani herding system as more of a culture and most of the policies of the state on herding are not properly planned  and do not augur well with other users of land resources. The study recommends among others the need to introduce modern herding  practices among the Fulani herders and they should be educated to embrace modern realities of the 21 centuries (urbanization,  population outburst, intense increase on land resources, climate change, etc.) modern practices of herding (Ranching, Cow colony,  Fattening, etc.).
Challenges of Local Government in the Provision of Primary Health Care Services in Ebonyi State. Nigeria
Authors: Nwakamma M.C. , Kenneth O. Iloanya , Taiwo O.S.
Published: March 2024

Rural areas in Nigeria including Ebonyi State, suffer from development challenges. One of these challenges is inadequate provision of  primary healthcare services to the people. This ugly condition has worsened the case of infant and maternal mortalities in Nigeria and  Ebonyi State in particular and this demands urgent attention of the local governments as well as other key development partners in order  to address the challenge and improve the standard of living of people at the grassroots. It is based on this that this study  investigated the challenges of local government in the provision of primary healthcare services in Ebonyi State. Data were sourced from  text books, journals, and internet and library materials. As a qualitative study, content and narrative techniques were adopted to analyze  the study. The study revealed that minimum standards set for provision of primary healthcare service delivery have not been met in Ebonyi State; hence, local governments in the study area have not optimally contributed to reduction of infant and maternal mortalities  due to certain factors which include: poor healthcare financing, dilapidated primary healthcare infrastructure, shortage of qualified  healthcare personnel, corruption in the healthcare sector, and lack of broad-based data bank for beneficiaries of primary healthcare  services in the area. The paper therefore recommended proper funding of primary healthcare centres in Ebonyi State in line with the  international and national benchmarks. This can be achieved through increased budgetary allocations by granting financial autonomy to  local governments; more hospitals and clinics should be provided to increase access to health care facilities; there is also urgent need for  massive recruitment of qualified healthcare personnel in the study area to among other things improve the quality of healthcare services  available to the people in the localities.
Nhân tố thúc đẩy chuyển đổi sang nuôi tôm an toàn của nông hộ ở Đồng bằng sông Cửu Long
Authors: Sơn Lê Thanh , Trang Nguyễn Thùy , Dễ Lê Văn
Published: March 2024

Nuôi tôm sạch nhằm để đáp ứng nhu cầu thị trường xuất khẩu khi mà Việt Nam đang tham gia nhiều hiệp định tự do thương mại. Do vậy, nghiên cứu đã tiến hành xác định các nhân tố thúc đẩy chuyển đổi sang mô hình nuôi tôm sạch khu vực Đồng Bằng Sông Cửu Long (ĐBSCL). Nghiên cứu thực hiện khảo sát 521 nông hộ nuôi tôm truyền thống và 104 nông hộ canh tác tôm an toàn ở ĐBSCL. Kết quả so sánh hiệu quả tài chính của hai mô hình cho thấy mô hình tôm an toàn có lợi nhuận cao hơn tôm truyền thống. Đa phần nông hộ chuyển đổi sang canh tác tôm an toàn do kỳ vọng lợi nhuận cao hơn, môi trường nuôi hạn chế bị ô nhiễm và chất lượng tôm sạch. Các yếu tố ảnh hưởng đến việc chấp nhận mô hình nuôi tôm an toàn gồm ao lắng, có tham gia tập huấn, tín dụng, quan tâm đến rủi ro về thị trường, tính hữu ích và tính dễ sử dụng. Nghiên cứu đã đề xuất một số giải pháp để thúc đẩy quá trình chuyển đổi sang mô hình nuôi tôm an toàn.
Tác động của marketing bởi người ảnh hưởng đến ý định mua mỹ phẩm trực tuyến của người tiêu dùng Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh
Authors: Lan Ngô Thị , Bắc Nguyễn Thị Hoài , Chi Nguyễn Quế , Duy Nguyễn Phương , Huyền Đào Thu
Published: March 2024

Mạng xã hội phát triển, marketing bởi người ảnh hưởng trở thành xu hướng trên toàn cầu nói chung và ngành công nghiệp mỹ phẩm nói riêng. Tuy nhiên, các nhà chiến lược phải đối mặt với vấn đề là làm thế nào để thực hiện chiến lược marketing bởi người ảnh hưởng một cách tối ưu nhất. Nghiên cứu này đã đưa ra một số giải pháp cho vấn đề đó bằng cách xác định và đánh giá các tác động của Marketing bởi người ảnh hưởng, các yếu tố thuộc thái độ đối với thương hiệu và ý định mua mỹ phẩm trực tuyến của người dân Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh (TP.HCM). Nghiên cứu dùng kỹ thuật phân tích PLS-SEM dựa trên 316 người được khảo sát tại TP.HCM. Kết quả là Marketing bởi người ảnh hưởng có sức hút và người ảnh hưởng có chuyên môn có tác động đến thái độ đối với thương hiệu. Và nghiên cứu cũng cho thấy có sự tác động từ thái độ đối với thương hiệu đến sự ngưỡng mộ thương hiệu của Người Tiêu Dùng (NTD) và sự ngưỡng mộ thương hiệu có tác động đến ý định mua mỹ phẩm trực tuyến của NTD tại TP.HCM.
Analyzing Robustness of Angluin's L$^*$ Algorithm in Presence of Noise
Authors: Ye Lina , Khmelnitsky Igor , Haddad Serge , Barbot Benoît , Bollig Benedikt , Leucker Martin , Neider Daniel , Roy Rajarshi
Published: March 2024

Angluin's L$^*$ algorithm learns the minimal deterministic finite automaton
(DFA) of a regular language using membership and equivalence queries. Its
probabilistic approximatively correct (PAC) version substitutes an equivalence
query by numerous random membership queries to get a high level confidence to
the answer. Thus it can be applied to any kind of device and may be viewed as
an algorithm for synthesizing an automaton abstracting the behavior of the
device based on observations. Here we are interested on how Angluin's PAC
learning algorithm behaves for devices which are obtained from a DFA by
introducing some noise. More precisely we study whether Angluin's algorithm
reduces the noise and produces a DFA closer to the original one than the noisy
device. We propose several ways to introduce the noise: (1) the noisy device
inverts the classification of words w.r.t. the DFA with a small probability,
(2) the noisy device modifies with a small probability the letters of the word
before asking its classification w.r.t. the DFA, (3) the noisy device combines
the classification of a word w.r.t. the DFA and its classification w.r.t. a
counter automaton, and (4) the noisy DFA is obtained by a random process from
two DFA such that the language of the first one is included in the second one.
Then when a word is accepted (resp. rejected) by the first (resp. second) one,
it is also accepted (resp. rejected) and in the remaining cases, it is accepted
with probability 0.5. Our main experimental contributions consist in showing
that: (1) Angluin's algorithm behaves well whenever the noisy device is
produced by a random process, (2) but poorly with a structured noise, and, that
(3) is able to eliminate pathological behaviours specified in a regular way.
Theoretically, we show that randomness almost surely yields systems with
non-recursively enumerable languages.
The Formation of American Historiography of the New Deal (1930s – early 1960s)
Authors: Lushchak V.
Published: March 2024

The article analyzes the formation of American historiography of the New Deal based on a comprehensive study of scientific and journalistic literature. The initial assessments of the New Deal date back to the presidential campaign of 1932 when it was still a preliminary theoretical reform program. During the political debates of the 1930s, opponents of F. Roosevelt criticized the New Deal because, in their opinion, it did not align with American traditions, operated with un-American approaches to public administration, etc. These assessments were significantly influenced by the international situation related to the crisis of capitalism and democratic governance in Europe. Political opponents, referring to experience overseas, unjustly regarded the New Deal as a manifestation of one of the European radical “isms”. The author of the article found that such assessments did not find a wide response in society, and the scientific works of researchers who defended similar theses were on the margins of historical debates around the New Deal.

The publication of their memoirs by most members of F. Roosevelt’s cabinet and his advisers, as well as the opening of access to the President’s library in Hyde Park, contributed to the formation of the first scientific assessments of the New Deal in the late 1940s. The historiography of the New Course had its “founding fathers”, to whom the author of this article includes – Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr., B. Rauch, R. Hofstadter, F. Freidel, J. Burns, and W. Leuchtenburg. These researchers established a scientific basis that remains valid to this day, despite various attempts to revise it. They established certain historiographical trends and approaches to research and interpretation of this period in the 1950s. The author determined that the 1950s were marked by a debate between two schools of historical thought – Progressive and Consensus, regarding what the New Deal was – a continuation of the reform movement of previous decades, a turning point, or a revolution in American life and politics. In the research, the author considered and analyzed the main arguments and counterarguments of each of the schools.
Hubungan Kecerdasan Emosional Dan Hasil Belajar Dengan Kualitas Komunikasi Mahasiswa Fakultas Ekonomi
Authors: Darmawan Didit , Mardikaningsih Rahayu
Published: March 2024

Communication is very essential in human life. Communication as a social interaction tool is useful for knowing and predicting other people's attitudes, as well as for knowing one's own existence in creating a balance with society or the environment. Interpersonal communication is a communication skill since childhood, from the closest environment. Experts have identified various approaches to studying the quality of communication. Emotions and intellectual intelligence can be a factor in developing the quality of communication. In addition, learning outcomes can be used as a reason for the formation of quality communication. This study aims to determine the role of emotional intelligence and learning outcomes on the quality of interpersonal communication between students and lecturers at UNSURI Surabaya. The population in this study were all students at the Faculty of Economics. Sampling using purposive sampling method. The number of samples is 128 people. Data collection uses a survey method. The data analysis technique used in this study is a multiple regression technique to determine the effect of the independent variables on the dependent variable. The results prove that there is a role of emotional intelligence and learning outcomes on the quality of communication between lecturers and students.