bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cluster expansion ofapolipoprotein D (ApoD)genes in teleost fishes
Authors: Gu Langyu , Xia Canwei
Published: February 2018

Background

Gene and genome duplication play important roles in the evolution of gene function. Compared to individual duplicated genes, gene clusters attract particular attentions considering their frequent associations with innovation and adaptation. Here, we report for the first time the expansion of the ligand (e.g., pheromone and hormone)-transporter genes,apolipoprotein D(ApoD) genes in a cluster, specific to teleost fishes.

Results

The singleApoDgene in the ancestor expands in two clusters with a dynamic evolutionary pattern in teleost fishes. Based on comparative genomic and transcriptomic analyses, protein 3D structure comparison, evolutionary rate detection and breakpoint detection, orthologous genes show conserved expression patterns. Lineage-specific duplicated genes that are under positive selection evolved specific and even new expression profiles. Different duplicates show high tissue-specific expression patterns (e.g., skin, eye, anal fin pigmentation patterns, gonads, gills, spleen and lower pharyngeal jaw). Cluster analyses based on protein 3D structure comparisons, especially the four loops at the opening side, show segregation patterns with different duplicates. DuplicatedApoDgenes are predicted to be associated with forkhead transcription factors and MAPK genes, and they are located next to the breakpoints of genome rearrangements.

Conclusions

Here, we report the expansion ofApoDgenes specific to teleost fishes in a cluster manner for the first time. Neofunctionalization and subfunctionalization were observed at both protein and expression levels after duplication. Evidence from different aspects, i.e. abnormal expression induced disease in human, fish-specific expansion, predicted associations with forkhead transcription factors and MAPK genes, highly specific expression patterns in tissues related to sexual selection and adaptation, duplicated genes that are under positive selection, and their locations next to breakpoints of genome rearrangement, suggests the potential advantageous roles ofApoDgenes in teleost fishes. Cluster expansion ofApoDgenes specific to teleost fishes thus provides an ideal evo-devo model for studying gene duplication, cluster maintenance and new gene function emergence.
Uncoupling of sgRNAs from their associated barcodes during PCR amplification of combinatorial CRISPR screens
Authors: Hegde Mudra , Strand Christine , Hanna Ruth E. , Doench John G.
Published: February 2018

Many implementations of pooled screens in mammalian cells rely on linking an element of interest to a barcode, with the latter subsequently quantitated by next generation sequencing. However, substantial uncoupling between these paired elements during lentiviral production has been reported, especially as the distance between elements increases. We detail that PCR amplification is another major source of uncoupling, and becomes more pronounced with increased amounts of DNA template molecules and PCR cycles. To lessen uncoupling in systems that use paired elements for detection, we recommend minimizing the distance between elements, using low and equal template DNA inputs for plasmid and genomic DNA during PCR, and minimizing the number of PCR cycles. We also present a vector design for conducting combinatorial CRISPR screens that enables accurate barcode-based detection with a single short sequencing read and minimal uncoupling.
Mutation in an alternative transcript ofCDKL5in a boy with early-onset seizures
Authors: Bodian Dale L. , Schreiber John M. , Vilboux Thierry , Khromykh Alina , Hauser Natalie S.
Published: February 2018

Infantile-onset epilepsies are a set of severe, heterogeneous disorders for which clinical genetic testing yields causative mutations in ∼20%–50% of affected individuals. We report the case of a boy presenting with intractable seizures at 2 wk of age, for whom gene panel testing was unrevealing. Research-based whole-genome sequencing of the proband and four unaffected family members identified a de novo mutation, NM_001323289.1:c.2828_2829delGA inCDKL5,a gene associated with X-linked early infantile epileptic encephalopathy 2.CDKL5has multiple alternative transcripts, and the mutation lies in an exon in the brain-expressed forms. The mutation was undetected by gene panel sequencing because of its intronic location in theCDKL5transcript typically used to define the exons of this gene for clinical exon-based tests (NM_003159). This is the first report of a patient with a mutation in an alternative transcript ofCDKL5. This finding suggests that incorporating alternative transcripts into the design and variant interpretation of exon-based tests, including gene panel and exome sequencing, could improve the diagnostic yield.
Ab initiostructure determination and quantitative disorder analysis on nanoparticles by electron diffraction tomography
Authors: Krysiak Yaşar , Barton Bastian , Marler Bernd , Neder Reinhard B. , Kolb Ute
Published: February 2018

Nanoscaled porous materials such as zeolites have attracted substantial attention in industry due to their catalytic activity, and their performance in sorption and separation processes. In order to understand the properties of such materials, current research focuses increasingly on the determination of structural features beyond the averaged crystal structure. Small particle sizes, various types of disorder and intergrown structures render the description of structures at atomic level by standard crystallographic methods difficult. This paper reports the characterization of a strongly disordered zeolite structure, using a combination of electron exit-wave reconstruction, automated diffraction tomography (ADT), crystal disorder modelling and electron diffraction simulations. Zeolite beta was chosen for a proof-of-principle study of the techniques, because it consists of two different intergrown polymorphs that are built from identical layer types but with different stacking sequences. Imaging of the projected inner Coulomb potential of zeolite beta crystals shows the intergrowth of the polymorphs BEA and BEB. The structures of BEA as well as BEB could be extracted from one single ADT data set using direct methods. A ratio for BEA/BEB = 48:52 was determined by comparison of the reconstructed reciprocal space based on ADT data with simulated electron diffraction data for virtual nanocrystals, built with different ratios of BEA/BEB. In this way, it is demonstrated that this smart interplay of the above-mentioned techniques allows the elaboration of the real structures of functional materials in detail – even if they possess a severely disordered structure.
Relationships between advanced manufacturing technologies, absorptive capacity, mass customization, time to market and financial and market performance
Authors: Deshpande Anant
Published: February 2018

Purpose

The purpose of the paper is to empirically investigate the relationships between advanced manufacturing technology (AMT), absorptive capacity, mass customization (MC) capability, competitive advantage, and organizational performance measures.

Design/methodology/approach

Based on a literature review, a theoretical framework is derived. Structural equation modeling was chosen for the empirical analysis based on the focus of the research. Data collection was conducted from 232 Indian manufacturing managers.

Findings

The findings indicate that absorptive capacity has a positive impact on MC capability. Also, MC capability mediated the relationship between AMT and the financial and market performance. Furthermore, AMT positively impacted MC capability, and MC capability positively impacted both time to market and financial and market performance. AMT was not found to have a significant impact on financial and market performance.

Originality/value

The current study is meaningful and unique in that no study has investigated the linkages between AMT, absorptive capacity, MC capability and organization performance and competitive advantage measures in a unified context. Such investigations are important because the results will encourage managers to invest in developing these mechanisms, which in turn will influence firm’s ability to implement MC practices and yield benefits such as improved performance and competitive advantage.
Emotional intelligence as a moderator in abusive supervision-intention to quit relationship among Indian healthcare professionals
Authors: Pradhan Sajeet , Jena Lalatendu Kesari
Published: February 2018

Purpose

Despite knowledge of the destructive effect of abusive supervision on several individual and organizational outcomes, the construct remains scarcely investigated, especially in Indian organizations. Drawing upon the conservation of resources theory, the purpose of this paper is to explore the linkage between abusive supervision (an interpersonal stressor) and subordinate’s intention to quit and to focuss on the moderating role of subordinate’s emotional intelligence as a neutralizer in curbing the pernicious effect of abusive supervision on subordinate’s intention to quit.

Design/methodology/approach

The participants of this study were 353 healthcare professionals working in a large Indian hospital chain having all India presence. The authors have collected data on our predictor and criterion variables at two time points with a separation of three to four weeks for reducing common method bias (Podsakoffet al., 2012). At Time 1, participants rated the perception of their supervisor’s abusiveness and answered few demographic questions. At Time 2, participants completed measures of intention to quit and their emotional intelligence.

Findings

The finding of this study corroborates the assertion that subordinates who perceive their supervisors to be abusive have higher intension to quit organization. But surprisingly, this study reports that the moderating effect of emotional intelligence showed stronger relationship between abusive supervision and intention to quit when emotional intelligence is high than low.

Practical implications

Organization should take serious note of supervisors or managers that are abusive or are perceived to be abusive by their subordinates. As it is impossible to completely eradicate abusive and deviant supervisory behaviors at workplace, these toxic behaviors can be checked at several levels like hiring people high on emotional intelligence and through imparting emotional intelligence training and counseling to both the accused and the victim.

Originality/value

The study finds support to the relationship between abusive supervision and intention to quit in Indian context. The finding of this study fails to empirically corroborate the assumption that emotional intelligence will act as a neutralizer in mitigating the pernicious effect of abusive supervision on subordinates’ intention to quit.
Providing a sustainable living environment in not-for-profit retirement villages
Authors: Hu Xin , Xia Bo , Skitmore Martin , Buys Laurie
Published: February 2018

Purpose

As a viable housing option for older people, retirement villages need to provide a sustainable living environment that satisfies their residents’ needs in terms of affordability, lifestyle and environmental friendliness. This is, however, a significant challenge for not-for-profit developers because of the high upfront costs involved in using sustainable practices. The purpose of this paper is to identify the sustainable features and practices adopted in not-for-profit retirement villages.

Design/methodology/approach

Because of the lack of quantitative historical data, a case study approach was adopted to identify the sustainable features and practices used in a not-for-profit retirement village in Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Australia. Data were collected based on interviews, direct observation and documentation, and collected data were analysed by using content analysis.

Findings

The research findings indicate that similar to private developers, not-for-profit developers also have the capability to make their village environment sustainable. In this case, the sustainable practices cover various aspects including the selection of village location, site planning, provision of facilities and services, social life and living costs. Although the associated costs of adopting sustainable features is a concern for both developers and residents, some of the identified sustainable practices in this case do not result in significant cost increase but can improve the residents’ quality of life substantially.

Practical implications

The research findings provide a number of practical implications on how to deliver sustainable retirement villages in a not-for-profit village setting.

Originality/value

This paper provides a first look at sustainable features and practices adopted in both the development and operation stages of a not-for-profit retirement village.
Comparison study on the nonlinear parameter optimization of nonlinear grey Bernoulli model (NGBM(1,1)) between intelligent optimizers
Authors: Kong Lingcun , Ma Xin
Published: February 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to find out which algorithm, among Genetic Algorithm (GA), Particle Swarm Optimizer (PSO), the novel Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO) and the novel Ant Lion Optimizer (ALO), is the best to obtain the optimal value of the nonlinear parameterγof nonlinear grey Bernoulli model (NGBM(1,1)) under different situations.

Design/methodology/approach

The optimization ofγhas been attributed to a nonlinear programming problem at first. The convergence, convergence rate, time consuming and stability of GA, PSO, GWO and ALO are compared in the numerical experiments, and in each subcase the criteria are set to be the same. Over 10,000 iterations have been run on the same environment in order to guarantee the reliability of the results.

Findings

All the selected algorithms can converge to the same optimal value with sufficient iterations. But the best algorithm should be chose under different situations.

Practical implications

The optimal value ofγseems to exist uniquely due to the empirical results. And there does not exist a best algorithm for all the cases. The researchers and commercial software developers should choose a proper algorithm due to different cases.

Originality/value

The performance of GA, PSO, GWO and ALO to compute the optimalγof NGBM(1,1) has been compared for the first time. And it is the original work which uses the GWO and ALO to optimize the NGBM(1,1).
Examining the effects of source selection method on procurement outcomes
Authors: Landale Karen A.F. , Rendon Rene G. , Hawkins Timothy G.
Published: February 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this research is to explore the effects of supplier selection method on key procurement outcomes such as procurement lead time (PLT), supplier performance and buyer team size.

Design/methodology/approach

Data were collected from a sample of 124 archival contract records from the US Department of Defense. A multiple regression model and multivariate analysis of covariance/analysis of covariance models were used to test the effects of source selection method on pertinent procurement outcomes.

Findings

The trade-off (TO) source selection method increases PLT, as does the number of evaluation factors and the number of proposals received. Substantially larger sourcing teams are also associated with the TO source selection method. Nonetheless, the TO method results in better supplier performance.

Practical implications

TO source selections yield superior supplier performance than low-bidder methods. However, they are costly in terms of time and personnel. Any assessment of supplier value should consider not only the price premium for higher performance but also the transaction costs associated with the TO method.

Originality/value

Very little research addresses a buying team’s evaluation of supplier-offered value ex ante and whether that value assessment materializes into actual value-added supplier performance. Low bidder tactics are pervasive, but price (i.e. sacrifice) is only one component of value. Benefits from superior supplier performance may yield greater overall value. If value is critical to the buyer, a TO source selection method – versus a low-bidder approach – is the appropriate tool because of higher supplier performance ex post.
Longitudinal jet ventilation calculation and application of long highway tunnel
Authors: Zhou Binghua , Xue Yiguo , Li Mingtian , Li Zhiqiang , Zhang Xueliang , Tao Yufan
Published: February 2018

Purpose

When a vehicle passes through a long highway tunnel, the smoke it discharges accumulates in the tunnel. High smoke concentration has an important influence on the driver’s health and driving safety. The use of numerous jet fans to diffuse the smoke causes excessive energy consumption, so it is of significant practical value to design suitable tunnel ventilation.

Design/methodology/approach

The study is based on the continuum hypothesis, incompressible hypothesis, steady flow hypothesis and similar hypothesis of gas in a long highway tunnel. These hypotheses calculate the gas emissions and wind demand in a long highway tunnel given the deployment of the jet fan program.

Findings

This program selects each of the two 1120-type jet machine group and sets up 13 groups; each group has an interval of 184.5 m in the end. The analysis of air test results when the tunnel is in operation shows that CO and smoke concentrations meet the design requirements, which can provide reference for a similar engineering design later.

Originality/value

At present, a highway tunnel is recognized at home and abroad by means of clearance of longitudinal ventilation, which is 2,000 m. In view of this, this paper is based on the theory of longitudinal jet ventilation of a highway tunnel, whose length is more than 2,000 m, to calculate the ventilation and apply it to a tunnel’s ventilation design.
Human resource related factors and engineering, procurement, and construction (EPC) project success
Authors: Nguyen Huong Thanh , Hadikusumo Bonavetura H.W.
Published: February 2018

Purpose

This paper aims to assess the impact of human resource-related factors, including human resource development (HRD) and human resource competency (HRC), on engineering, procurement and construction (EPC) project success (PS), and explore the interrelationship among these factors.

Design/methodology/approach

Structural equation modeling with the application of SPSS and AMOS software is used to test three hypotheses in the conceptual framework and analyze interrelationships among HRD, HRC and PS. A survey of 800 participants involved in EPC projects throughout Vietnam was conducted.

Findings

Results showed that HRD affects PS directly. HRC has a direct impact on PS; HRD has a direct impact on HRC, and thus, HRD also affects PS indirectly through HRC.

Originality/value

The study indicates that the development of a competent human resource for EPC project implementation plays a considerable role in EPC PS. The findings also give project professionals tools for improving HRD and HRC to increase the possibility of EPC PS.
Securing the embeddedness of psychosocial diffusion indicators into the Turkish construction industry
Authors: Goulding Jack Steven , Ezcan Volkan , Sutrisna Monty
Published: February 2018

Purpose

The paper aims to investigate the employee–stakeholder engagement on business performance. A psychosocial approach was used to evaluate employees’ perception and role engagement on organisational performance, cognisant of: strategy development; leadership; fiscal acuity; employees’ skills, empowerment; supply chain relationships; external stakeholders and wider societal beneficiaries.

Design/methodology/approach

This research is context-bound to the Turkish construction industry. Findings generated from literature established a set of evidenced-based priorities for further investigation. A case study approach was conducted with three large architecture, engineering and construction (AEC) organisations to define psychosocial diffusion indicators and priorities for future uptake.

Findings

Initial findings on psychosocial diffusion indicators and their impact on business performance are presented through a psychosocial diffusion model. Three interconnected facets are proffered for future uptake: capability (responsiveness), capability (flexibility) and capability (competence).

Research limitations/implications

Findings are exclusively bound to the sample frame in question. No attempt has been made to undertake detailed cross-analysis/correlation to support internal/external consistency, validity or reliability.

Practical implications

Organisations are able to reflect on their core business strategy to appreciate how psychosocial diffusion can be operationalised.

Social implications

This work impinges on social factors embedded within (and across) organisational boundaries, including the AEC supply chain. It also relates to employer/employee relationships, psychological functioning and employee well-being.

Originality/value

Originality rests with the identification of construction-related psychosocial indicators. It contributes to the wider body of knowledge on embedding psychosocial indicators into organisational systems and processes, adding further insight into systems thinking and business transformation.
G-SECI model-based knowledge creation for CoPS innovation: the role of grey knowledge
Authors: Li Min , Liu Huimin , Zhou Jing
Published: February 2018

Purpose

This paper aims to propose a new knowledge creation model called Grey SECI (G-SECI), study the knowledge creation mechanism and the relationship between knowledge creation models and innovation performance during complex product systems (CoPSs) development. Research and development of CoPSs relies heavily on knowledge creation. However, most scholars have studied CoPS innovation stages from the view of design process of system products, focussing on functional management and project management during the R&D process for CoPS. Attention is lacking with regards to the key and essence of creating a complex technology: the creation of knowledge.

Design/methodology/approach

Modified from the classic SECI model’s spiral process of knowledge creation, a grey-SECI (G-SECI) knowledge creation model is here proposed vis-à-vis three knowledge categories: explicit knowledge, grey knowledge and tacit knowledge. Then, this paper further analyzes the effects of knowledge creation from the perspective of individual and the view of organization. Besides, an empirical study is conducted.

Findings

Statistical analysis indicates that there are three main paths of knowledge creation: individual experience knowledge acquisition, individual communication and reflection and organizational knowledge learning. Results further suggest that knowledge internalization by practice (KIP) is the key mode of knowledge creation, as well as the most important step for high-quality CoPS performance. Moreover, individual innovation performance is influenced by knowledge internalization by reflection and KIP; and organization innovation performance is influenced by knowledge combination and knowledge systematization.

Research limitations/implications

The coverage of geographical distribution is limited. Therefore, there are no data from foreign enterprises. The impact of different geographical cultures on CoPS knowledge creation model could be further investigated; in addition, the statistical analysis results of this study need to be further verified in other industries.

Practical implications

This paper provides a series of insights for CoPS project leaders. The results may also provide practical guidance for the related management personnel in the fields of human resource training, project planning, project quality and technology R&D in CoPS R&D management.

Originality/value

The paper’s main contribution is to modify classic SECI knowledge conversion model by introducing grey knowledge and build a new G-SECI knowledge creation model. Besides, the paper adds empirical evidence on the knowledge creation paths in CoPS and reveals that internalization by practice is the key mode of knowledge creation.
Knowledge heterogeneity, social capital, and organizational innovation
Authors: Tsai Fu-Sheng
Published: February 2018

Purpose

Observing across four comparative case organizations, the purpose of this paper is to identify two sources of contingency (i.e. construct and contextual contingency) for the relationship between knowledge heterogeneity and innovation.

Design/methodology/approach

The contingencies was explored by conducting a comparative case analyses with rich qualitative data extracted and interpreted from four case companies.

Findings

First, the construct contingency is examined by refining knowledge heterogeneity into three dimensions: domain, process, and context heterogeneity. Specifically, the author proposed that knowledge heterogeneity in domain is associated with innovation in an inverted U-shape, while heterogeneity in process and context dimensions both negatively influence innovation. Second, contextual contingency is studied. The author proposed that: trust positively moderates the relationship between knowledge heterogeneity and innovation; depending on the knowledge owner attributes, centralization positively or negatively moderates the relationship between heterogeneous knowledge and innovation; shared knowledge vision positively moderates the relationship between knowledge heterogeneity and innovation.

Originality/value

The influences of knowledge heterogeneity on innovation have yet been inconsistent. The present study set to reconcile such inconsistency with a solution of contingencies that intervene the heterogeneity-innovation relationship. These results offer useful references for future large-scaled, quantitative studies.
Sustainable consumption
Authors: Ibrahim Hafedh , Al-Ajlouni Mahmoud Mohammad Q.
Published: February 2018

Purpose

While there has been a great deal of research to distinguish the factors that promote the adoption of sustainable consumption, however there has been a very little attention given to the contribution of justice, coping appraisal, and psychological distance. The purpose of this paper is to explore the potential role of deontic justice, protection motivation, and construal level theories to elucidate the green purchase intention.

Design/methodology/approach

Data were collected from 471 participants in a laboratory experiment. Then, structural equation modeling was carried out to analyze the data.

Findings

Protection motivation theory is valuable to apply specifically since it introduces the concept of coping appraisal. The findings demonstrate that deontic justice theory (DJT) is a suitable framework that can be employed to shed more light on sustainable consumption. The study shows that consumer can conceptualize a green product at different levels of concreteness or abstraction.

Originality/value

This study is a pioneering effort to look at sustainable consumption within the context of DJT. It departs from the more traditional research by repositioning moral obligation as the primary driver of green purchase intention and by elucidating when green purchase intention is elevated in investigating the moderating role of mindset.
Influence of thermal interface material on thermal performance of InGaAlP thin-film SMD LED mounted on different substrate packages
Authors: Raypah Muna E. , Devarajan Mutharasu , Sulaiman Fauziah
Published: February 2018

Purpose

Proper thermal management is a key to improve the efficiency and reliability of light-emitting diodes (LEDs). This paper aims to report the influence of applying thermally conductive materials on thermal performance of indium gallium aluminum phosphide (InGaAlP)-based thin-film surface-mounted device (SMD) LED.

Design/methodology/approach

The LED thermal and optical parameters were determined using the combination of thermal transient tester (T3Ster) and thermal and radiometric characterization of power LEDs (TeraLED) instruments. The LED was mounted on FR4, 2W and 5W aluminum (Al) package substrates. Measurements were carried out by setting different boundary conditions: air between LED package and substrate and using thermally conductive epoxy (TIM A) and adhesive (TIM B) of thermal conductivity 1.67 and 1.78 W/mK, respectively.

Findings

For LED mounted on FR4 package, the total real thermal resistance is improved because of TIM B by 6 and 9 per cent at 50 and 100 mA, respectively. Likewise, the relative decrease in total thermal resistance of LED on 2W Al package is about 9 and 11 per cent. As well, for LED mounted on 5W Al package, the total real thermal resistance is reduced by 2 and 4 per cent.

Originality/value

No much work can be found in the literature on thermal interface material effects on thermal performance of low-power SMD LED. This work can assist in thermal management of low-power LEDs.
Automated assembly of discrete parts using fused deposition modeling
Authors: Patterson Albert E. , Bahumanyam Parvathavadhani , Katragadda Raghu , Messimer Sherri L.
Published: February 2018

Purpose

A useful potential application of additive manufacturing (AM) techniques is in automated assembly of existing discrete parts via printing of new material onto two or more parts simultaneously to form joints between them. The purpose of this paper is to explore the concept of extrusion-based AM for automated assembly, examine potential concerns and perform validation to test the feasibility and value of such an assembly method.

Design/methodology/approach

To validate the theory and address potential concerns, six factorial-designed sets of joined ABS, PETG and PLA samples were manufactured and tensile tested. Each set contained two replications of four samples and was a unique part-joint material combination. To better interpret the results, a new static material characterization was completed on the materials used, as well as joint tests using four mechanical and chemical methods for each material. In total, 69 test articles were examined.

Findings

The tests showed that the joints were effective and strong, even under the inherently eccentric geometry. While there was some variance between replications, in almost every case, the AM joints were found to be equal or superior to those made by traditional methods. ANOVA showed variance in which factors were significant between sets, but all cases were shown to satisfy the Fisher Assumptions at a significance of a = 0.10.

Originality/value

This paper develops and validates a new application of extrusion-based AM. When developed further, this application is expected to increase the commercial application range and industrial efficiency of fused deposition modeling and AM in general. The results of this study should provide a link between traditional automated assembly methods and AM. This paper also provides some original AM material characterization data and observations on material behavior under eccentric loading.
3D sand mould printing: a review and a new approach
Authors: Zhao Donghua , Guo Weizhong , Zhang Baibing , Gao Feng
Published: February 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to review available technologies, analyse their features, propose a new approach of 3D sand mould printing based on line forming, introduce the manufacturing principle and show advantages of this approach, especially for larger parts with large Z steps in the build, such as 2 mm stepwise.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper introduces 3D sand mould printing, compares and analyses technological process and existing fabrication approaches among available technologies first. Then, a new approach of 3D sand mould printing is proposed to improve build speed. In addition, the proposed system will be analysed or benchmarked against existing systems.

Findings

A new approach based on line forming of sand mould printing is put forward by reviewing and analysing available technologies, to improve build speed from the aspect of basic moulding movement instead of optimization of moulding methods and process parameters. The theoretical calculation and analysis shows that build speed can be improved greatly, and it is more suitable for the manufacture of large-scale casting’s sand mould when considering dimensional accuracy and printing error, as well as uniformity of each layer.

Research limitations/implications

The specific implement scheme of line forming and nozzle’s specific structure of this new approach need further study.

Practical implications

Much higher build speed of 3D sand mould printing with new approach brings evident implication for moulds companies and manufacturing industry, having a far-reaching influence on the development of national economy.

Originality/value

This paper reviews available technologies and presents a new approach of 3D sand mould printing for the first time. Analysis of the new approach shows that this new method of sand mould printing can boost build speed greatly. So, its application prospect is great.
Study of the relationship between dimensional performance and manufacturing cost in fused deposition modeling
Authors: Haghighi Azadeh , Li Lin
Published: February 2018

Purpose

Quantifying and controlling the quality characteristics of parts produced by additive manufacturing (AM) processes has attracted significant interest in the research community. However, to increase the sustainability of AM processes, such quality characteristics need to be assessed together with life cycle performance of AM processes such as energy and material consumption and manufacturing cost. Although a few studies have been performed for several quality characteristics, i.e. surface roughness and tensile strength, the relationship between dimensional performance and manufacturing cost is still not well known for AM processes.

Design/methodology/approach

In this paper, a comprehensive study of the dimensional performance and manufacturing cost of fused deposition modeling AM process is performed. Design of experiment technique is used, and the correlation of different cost components and the dimensional accuracy of parts are statistically studied.

Findings

The optimum process parameters for simultaneously optimizing the dimensional performance and manufacturing cost are identified. The analysis shows that as opposed to traditional manufacturing processes, obtaining a better dimensional performance is not necessarily associated with higher cost in the AM processes.

Originality/value

Almost no study and analysis for the combined dimensional performance and manufacturing cost has been performed for AM processes in the literature. It is known that within the context of traditional manufacturing processes, a natural trade-off governs the pursuit of higher dimensional performance and the manufacturing cost. However, as the AM process has a different nature compared with traditional manufacturing processes, the relationship between manufacturing cost and dimensional performance of parts has to be studied. Understanding this relationship will also help to establish a cost-optimal and sustainable tolerance allocation strategy in assemblies with AM components.
Fully resolved numerical simulations of fused deposition modeling. Part I: fluid flow
Authors: Xia Huanxiong , Lu Jiacai , Dabiri Sadegh , Tryggvason Gretar
Published: February 2018

Purpose

This paper aims to present a first step toward developing a comprehensive methodology for fully resolved numerical simulations of fusion deposition modeling (FDM).

Design/methodology/approach

A front-tracking/finite volume method previously developed for simulations of multiphase flows is extended to model the injection of hot polymer and its cooling down.

Findings

The accuracy and convergence properties of the new method are tested by grid refinement, and the method is shown to produce convergent solutions for the shape of the filament, the temperature distribution, contact area and reheat region when new filaments are deposited on top of previously laid down filaments.

Research limitations/implications

The present paper focuses on modeling the fluid flow and the cooling. The modeling of solidification, volume changes and residual stresses will be described in Part II.

Practical implications

The ability to carry out fully resolved numerical simulations of the fusion deposition process is expected to help explore new deposition strategies and provide the “ground truth” for the development of reduced-order models.

Originality/value

The present paper is the first fully resolved simulation of the deposition in fusion filament modeling.
Key competences of logistics and SCM professionals – the lifelong learning perspective
Authors: Kotzab Herbert , Teller Christoph , Bourlakis Michael , Wünsche Sebastian
Published: February 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to identify specific qualifications and competences required within the field of logistics and supply chain management from the perspective of lifelong learning and hierarchical level. It also reveals a hierarchy level-specific job profile for logistics and supply chain management jobs based on the European Framework for Key Competences and the German Federal Employment Agency.

Design/methodology/approach

A review of the literature on competences and skills in the field of logistics is combined with an analysis of 832 job postings by means of content analyses and thematic mapping.

Findings

The academic literature discusses more than 280 skills and competences related to the job profile of logistics and supply chain managers. The majority of these skills represent social skills. Analyses of job postings show significant differences in the required portfolio of skills and competences depending on the hierarchical level of the position. Contrary to the literature, job postings include more cognitive competences and meta-competences than social skills.

Originality/value

The first contribution of this research is that competences were examined from the perspective of lifelong learning, revealing how this is applied in the field of logistics. The second is that this conceptual framework can be utilised to compare skills and competences between different hierarchical levels. The third contribution refers to identifying a set of skills and competences different to what had been presented in the literature.
Are bio-economy dimensions new stream of the knowledge economy?
Authors: Ahmed Elsadig Musa
Published: February 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to explain bio-economy dimensions as a new stream of knowledge-based economy that exists in the new era of the information and communications technology.

Design/methodology/approach

Bio-economy refers to the production of a wide range of goods and services from plant, animal and forest-based material. It is more than just grain-based bio-fuels or bio-diesel as extensively highlighted in Latin America. It is related to biotechnology and other bio-activities based on knowledge generated from the bio-activities and extension of the knowledge-based economy.

Findings

The main concern of developing bio-economy is the environmental damage caused through the undesirable output produced by the bio-economy activities. Bio-economy is centred on research and development (R&D) collaborations across different sectors, including the public and private sectors, in order to breakthrough new products through invention and innovation.

Originality/value

For bio-economy to be realised and put into practice, it should have a well-developed regulatory framework as a platform in order to run and work smoothly.
Slowness domain offset and traveltime approximations in layered vertical transversely isotropic media
Authors: Koren Zvi , Ravve Igor
Published: February 2018

Considering horizontally layered transversely isotropic media with vertical symmetry axis and all types of pure‐mode and converted waves we present a new wide‐angle series approximation for the kinematical characteristics of reflected waves: horizontal offset, intercept time, and total reflection traveltime as functions of horizontal slowness. The method is based on combining (gluing) both zero‐offset and (large) finite‐offset series coefficients. The horizontal slowness is bounded by the critical value, characterised by nearly horizontal propagation within the layer with the highest horizontal velocity. The suggested approximation uses five parameters to approximate the offset, six parameters to approximate the intercept time or the traveltime, and seven parameters to approximate any two or all three kinematical characteristics. Overall, the method is very accurate for pure‐mode compressional waves and shear waves polarised in the horizontal plane and for converted waves. The application of the method to pure‐mode shear waves polarised in the vertical plane is limited due to cusps and triplications. To demonstrate the high accuracy of the method, we consider a synthetic, multi‐layer model, and we plot the normalised errors with respect to numerical ray tracing.
Experimental evidence that density mediates negative frequency‐dependent selection on aggression
Authors: Kilgour R. Julia , McAdam Andrew G. , Betini Gustavo S. , Norris D. Ryan
Published: February 2018

Aggression can be beneficial in competitive environments if aggressive individuals are more likely to access resources than non‐aggressive individuals. However, variation in aggressive behaviour persists within populations, suggesting that high levels of aggression might not always be favoured.

The goal of this study was to experimentally assess the effects of population density and phenotypic frequency on selection on aggression in a competitive environment.

We compared survival of two strains of Drosophila melanogaster that differ in aggression across three density treatments and five frequency treatments (single strain groups, equal numbers of each strain and strains mixed at 3:1 and 1:3 ratios) during a period of limited resources.

While there was no difference in survival across single‐strain treatments, survival was strongly density dependent, with declining survival as density increased. Furthermore, at medium and high densities, there was evidence of negative frequency‐dependent selection, where rare strains experienced greater survival than common strains. However, there was no evidence of negative frequency‐dependent selection at low density.

Our results indicate that the benefits of aggression during periods of limited resources can depend on the interaction between the phenotypic composition of populations and population density, both of which are mechanisms that could maintain variation in aggressive behaviours within natural populations.
Pre‐Going Private Ownership Around the World
Authors: Cumming Douglas , Peter Rejo , Sannajust Aurélie , Tarsalewska Monika
Published: February 2018

Going private transactions are often highly leveraged, and give rise to potential agency conflicts among existing shareholders. But who exactly are those shareholders, and under what legal conditions are these transactions more likely to occur? We examine ownership structure prior to going private transactions in 33 countries around the world from 2002 to 2014. The data indicate strong and consistent evidence that pre‐going private ownership is characterized by higher institutional and corporate ownership. Family ownership lowers the probability of a public to private transaction. Stronger creditor rights increase the probability of going private, particularly for whole company and institutional buyouts.
Measuring the Behavioural Component of the S&P 500 and its Relationship to Financial Stress and Aggregated Earnings Surprises
Authors: Caporin Massimiliano , Corazzini Luca , Costola Michele
Published: February 2018

Scholars in management and economics have shown increasing interest in isolating the behavioural dimension of market evolution. Indeed, by improving forecast accuracy and precision, this exercise would certainly help firms to anticipate economic fluctuations, thus leading to more profitable business and investment strategies. Yet, how to extract the behavioural component from real market data remains an open question. By using monthly data on the returns of the constituents of the S&P 500 index, we propose a Bayesian methodology to measure the extent to which market data conform to what is predicted by prospect theory (the behavioural perspective), relative to the (standard) subjective expected utility theory baseline. We document a significant behavioural component that reaches its peaks during recession periods and is correlated to measures of financial volatility, market sentiment and financial stress with expected sign. Moreover, the behavioural component decreases around macroeconomic corporate earnings news, while it reacts positively to the number of surprising announcements.
The sociology of cancer: a decade of research
Authors: Kerr Anne , Ross Emily , Jacques Gwen , Cunningham‐Burley Sarah
Published: February 2018

Biomedicine is often presented as the driving force behind improvements in cancer care, with genomics the latest innovation poised to change the meaning, diagnosis, treatment, prevention and lived experience of cancer. Reviewing sociological analyses of a diversity of patient and practitioner experiences and accounts of cancer during the last decade (2007–17), we explore the experiences of, approaches to and understandings of cancer in this period. We identify three key areas of focus: (i) cancer patient experiences and identities; (ii) cancer risk and responsibilities and (iii) bioclinical collectives. We explore these sociological studies of societal and biomedical developments and how sociologists have sought to influence developments in cancer identities, care and research. We end by suggesting that we extend our understanding of innovations in the fields of cancer research to take better account of these wider social and cultural innovations, together with patients, activists' and sociologists' contributions therein.
Can CT imaging features of ground‐glass opacity predict invasiveness? A meta‐analysis
Authors: Dai Jian , Yu Guoyou , Yu Jianqiang
Published: February 2018

Background

A meta‐analysis was conducted to investigate the diagnostic performance of computed tomography (CT) imaging features of ground‐glass opacity (GGO) to predict invasiveness.

Methods

Two reviewers independently searched PubMed, Medline, Web of Science, Cochrane Embase and CNKI for relevant studies. CT imaging signs of bubble lucency, speculation, lobulated margin, and pleural indentation were used as diagnostic references to discriminate pre‐invasive and invasive disease. The sensitivity, specificity, diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) curves, and the area under the SROC curve (AUC) were calculated to evaluate diagnostic efficiency.

Results

Twelve studies were finally included. Diagnostic performance ranged from 0.41 to 0.52 for sensitivity and 0.56 to 0.63 for specificity. The diagnostic positive and negative likelihood ratios ranged from 1.03 to 2.13 and 0.52 to 1.05, respectively. The DORs of the GGO CT features for discriminating invasive disease ranged from 1.02 to 4.00. The area under the ROC curve was also low, with a range of 0.60 to 0.67 for discriminating pre‐invasive and invasive disease.

Conclusion

The diagnostic value of a single CT imaging sign of GGO, such as bubble lucency, speculation, lobulated margin, or pleural indentation is limited for discriminating pre‐invasive and invasive disease because of low sensitivity, specificity, and AUC.