bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sustainable crab fishery for Blue Economy in Kenya
Authors: Fondo Esther N. , Ogutu Benrick
Published: September 2021

Lakes, rivers and oceans provide unique resources and support fisheries and aquaculture worldwide. The fisheries and aquaculture sector of Kenya contributes approximately 0.8% to the country’s GDP. Marine production is about 9 000 tonnes per year. Marine finfish form the bulk of the marine production, while shellfish (e.g. prawns, lobsters and crabs), molluscs (e.g. octopi and squids) are underexploited. The Fishery sector has the potential of about USD 5 billion for the Blue Economy in Kenya. Crab fishery in Kenya is active in some areas of the south and north coast. The crab resources along the Kenyan waters are diverse and a variety of species are edible. The most commonly fished crab by artisanal fishers is the Mangrove Mud Crab Scylla serrata. Semi-commercial and industrial fishers usually have portunid and other deep sea crabs as by-catch in trawl and longline fisheries, which in many cases are unutilized. Exports of live crabs have increased over the years, with exports mainly to Asian countries. Export of frozen crabs started recently. The need to sustainably utilize lake, river and ocean resources is recognized and important in promoting Blue Economy. Sustainable development of crab fishery provides a potential area for the Blue Economy development in Kenya. Research is essential to crab fishery development.
The status of seagrass beds in the coastal county of Lamu, Kenya
Authors: Uku J. , Daudi L. , Alati V. , Nzioka A. , Muthama C.
Published: September 2021

Biodiversity assessments within seagrass beds were conducted in six sites in Lamu, Kenya; namely, Kiweni, Tauzi, Wange, Ntopate, Manda toto and Ngoi. The objective of the assessment was to collect baseline information of the seagrasses of Lamu County in Kenya. Our findings revealed that nine out of the twelve seagrass species found in Kenya were found in the study sites. The dominant seagrass species Thalassodendron ciliatum was found to occur in deeper subtidal areas, while the pioneering species occurred in intertidal shallower areas. Average shoot densities per site ranged from 2.4 ± 1.7 shoots m-2 of Cymodocea serrulata to 1025.9 ± 139.3 shoots m-2 of Syringodium isoetifolium in Ngoi. Canopy heights ranged from 0.1 ± 0.1 cm of Halodule ovalis in Tauzi to 16.3±1.3.5 cm of Syringodium isoetifolium in Ngoi. Although the seagrass species characteristics were much lower than that found in similar mangrove fringed seagrass beds of Gazi Bay, the majority of the fish found in these seagrass areas were invertivores which indicates that these seagrass sites form a refugia for adult fish populations with nursery grounds being located elsewhere.

This study forms the first comprehensive assessment of the seagrasses of Lamu and it provides important baseline information on seagrass beds. Such biodiversity information provides important support for decision-making for coastal areas that are targeted for infrastructural development such as Lamu. Biodiversity information of such critical habitats form a critical data base for marine spatial planning and can be used to effectively guide the integration of biodiversity and coastal livelihoods in the sustainable development of Kenya’s coastal areas.
The state of cage culture in Lake Victoria: A focus on sustainability, rural economic empowerment, and food security
Authors: Orina Paul , Ogello Erick , Kembenya Elijah , Muthoni Cecilia , Musa Safina , Ombwa Veronica , Mwainge Venny , Abwao Jacob , Ondiba Robert , Kengere John , Karoza Stephano
Published: September 2021

Capture fisheries and aquaculture have remained important sources of food, nutrition, income and livelihoods to millions globally, with annual per capita consumption of fish in developing countries having increased from 5.2 kg in 1961 to 18.8 kg in 2013. On the contrary, low income food-deficit countries annual fish per capita consumption rose from 3.5 to 7.6 kg against 26.8 kg among industrialized countries. Increased demand for animal protein and declining capture fisheries has seen aquaculture grow rapidly than any other food production sector over the past three decades. Rapid global aquaculture growth is directly related to levels of technological advancement, adoption and adaption prompting aquaculture transition from semi-intensive to intensive and super intensive production systems among developing and developed countries. In light of the aquatic environment economic potential, cage culture in Lake Victoria is fast gaining prominence in aquaculture production contribution. This began with trials by Kenya Marine and Fisheries Research Institute and Uganda’s National Fisheries Resource Research Institute and later by private investors at Dunga and Obenge beaches of Kenya, Source of the Nile in Uganda and Bulamba Beach Management Units in Bunda District of Tanzania. However, only Kenya has so far documented cage culture development recording 3,696 cages across the five riparian counties with an estimated production capacity of 3,180 MT valued at Kshs 955.4 Million (9.6 million USD), created over 500 jobs directly and indirectly created income opportunities for over 4,000 people. The sub-sector’s value chain, its supportive value chains and associated enterprises are rapidly expanding thus creating jobs, enhancing incomes and ensuring food security in rural and urban areas. As cage culture commercialization takes root, there is urgent need to address issues such as introduction of alien species, diseases, marine parks and maximum carrying capacity among other aspects. This will require trans-boundary policy to ensure sustainable utilization of the lake as a common resource.
TECHNIQUE TO FORM MANAGEMENT COMPETENCE IN FUTURE SPECIALISTS IN THE SPHERE OF PHYSICAL TRAINING AND SPORT
Authors:   Shadrinsk State Pedagogical University, Shadrinsk, Russian Federation, Osipova I.S.
Published: September 2021

Modern requirements to the specialists in physical training and sport are determined by a number of factors. They are: evolutionary transformations in social sphere, integration of physical training and sport into country's economy, its reorientation to general physical culture, and a rapid development of sports’ industry. These factors determine a new competence to be developed in future specialists in the field of physical culture and sport, namely, a managerial one that helps to manage educational and economic processes. Such management can be effective only if specialists have a well-formed managerial competence. The purpose of the article is to determine the content of the managerial competence in the framework of physical culture and sport, to describe the process of its formation graduate level, to identify approaches and principles to implement this process, and to develop a technique to form the managerial competence in future specialists in the field of physical culture and sport. The study was carried out in line with the idea of the step-by-step formation of managerial competence using innovative forms, methods and means of teaching students. The results of the study can be used in teaching undergraduate students in the direction of “Management in the field of physical culture and sport”.
Preparation of Fe3O4@SiO2–ZnO catalyst and its catalytic synthesis of rosin glycol ester
Authors: Li Yaya , Yu Shitao , Zhang Huimin , Zhang Jiuming
Published: September 2021

In order to solve the problems of low recovery, low availability, and high cost in the synthesis of rosin glycol ester, a series of supported ZnO magnetic catalysts were prepared with Fe3O4 as the magnetic center, and their structures and compositions were characterized by TEM, XRD, and XPS. Through screening, the results show that Fe3O4@SiO2–ZnO has the best catalytic effect, far better than other catalysts, and has good stability. At the same time, the effects of zinc source and its load and different reaction conditions on the synthesis of rosin glycol ester were also investigated. The results showed that: When zinc chloride was used as zinc source, theoretical loading of zinc source was 0.45 g, reaction temperature was 270°C, reaction time was 5 h, and catalyst dosage was 0.2 g, the esterification rate of rosin-glyceryl ester was 87.2% and acid value was 26.5 mg KOH g−1.
A new method for plugging the dominant seepage channel after polymer flooding and its mechanism: Fracturing–seepage–plugging
Authors: Wang Fengjiao , Wang Xu , Liu Yikun , Deng Qingjun , Zhang Dong
Published: September 2021

After polymer flooding, a low-resistant dominant seepage channel forms at the bottom of the high-permeability reservoir, which is extremely disadvantageous for further enhanced oil recovery. In this study, we proposed a new method to plug the dominant seepage channel after polymer flooding, through fracturing–seepage–plugging using a solid-free plugging agent, which can achieve deeper and further regional plugging. This method involved dissolving the crosslinking agent and stabilizer in the water-based fracturing fluid (hereinafter referred to as the fracturing plugging agent) and transporting it to the target reservoir through hydraulic fractures. The fracturing plugging agent percolated into the deep part of the reservoir under the action of fracture closure pressure and gelled with the residual polymer in the formation to achieve deep regional plugging of the advantageous channel. To study the percolation law of fracturing plugging agent in the dominant channel, high-pressure displacement experiments were conducted using natural cores under different permeability and concentration conditions of the fracturing plugging agent. The results showed that the percolation rate of the fracturing plugging agent was almost linearly related to reservoir permeability. Due to the formation of micro-fractures and crosslinking reactions, the percolation rate first increased and then decreased to a stable state. After a certain period, the pores were blocked, resulting in a sharp decrease in the percolation rate and then decayed. In addition, the higher the concentration of fracturing plugging agent, the better the core plugging performance. Moreover, when the concentration of fracturing plugging agent injected into the core exceeded 3,000 mg/L, the core permeability increased, and the breakthrough pressure evidently increased three to four times. On the basis of this, rheometer tests, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations, and mercury intrusion tests were performed to evaluate gelation performance, shear effect, and pore retention morphology of the crosslinking system made by mixing the injected plugging agent and residual polymer in the reservoir. The results showed that the shear action could reduce the gelling property, and the concentration of fracturing plugging agent should be >3,000 mg/L to meet the requirements of gelling. Furthermore, the viscosity of the crosslinking system reached the peak value at approximately 72 h, forming a network space structure of layered superposition, thereby increasing viscosity by 40–50 times. Finally, SEM images revealed that after the fracture plugging agent was injected into the core, the micelles were mostly concentrated in the front and middle sections. The average pore radius of the core decreased by 8.620 μm, and the average porosity decreased by 54.85%.
Optimization of thermal and hydrophobic properties of GO-doped epoxy nanocomposite coatings
Authors: Liu Xintian , Chen Long , Liu Zhanqiang , Song Qinghua , Liu Chaozong
Published: September 2021

Corrosion and icing are common problems in aerospace and wind power fields. In order to improve the thermal and hydrophobic properties of epoxy-based anticorrosive coatings and expand the application in various working environments, the modified graphene oxide (GO) was introduced into the epoxy-based anticorrosive coatings to prepare GO/polyvinyl butyral/epoxy resin nanocomposite coatings. The preparation process of nanocomposite coating was optimized by response surface method. Through heat transfer experiment and contact angle experiment, the fitting model of influence factors and response values were established, and the response surface was optimized with heating rate and contact angle as response value. It is reported that the heating rate of the optimum parameter is 0.218°C/s, and the contact angle is 85.757°. The maximum error of the optimized response values verified by the coating experiment is 8.58%, which indicates that the reliability of the RSM optimization result is high. The optimization results of the preparation process parameters can meet the requirements of the nanocomposite coatings with high thermal and hydrophobic properties.
DESENVOLVIMENTO E IMPLEMENTAÇÃO DE FERRAMENTA PARA ECONOMIA DE ENERGIA ELÉTRICA: ESTUDO DE CASOS
Authors: Junior Geraldo Motta Azevedo , Da Silva Antônio José Dias , Pinheiro André Luis Da Silva , De Oliveira Antonio Marcos Soares
Published: September 2021

RESUMO

 O presente artigo aborda a Tarifa Branca, uma nova modalidade tarifária desenvolvida pela Agência Nacional de Energia Elétrica (ANEEL) para consumidores em baixa tensão, também chamados de grupo B, frente a Tarifa Convencional. A função dessa nova modalidade é sinalizar a variação do valor da energia conforme o dia e horário do consumo, sendo essa adesão dependente da média mensal consumida e determinada pelos órgãos reguladores, na tentativa de reduzir o consumo de energia.  Para auxiliar esses consumidores foi desenvolvida uma ferramenta, utilizando o Excel, de fácil compreensão e adesão, com o intuito de colaborar na análise dos perfis de cada consumidor de acordo com seus consumos. Com a ajuda desta planilha desenvolvida, foram realizados o estudo de casos, simulando o consumo de duas famílias residenciais e dois pequenos comércios. A ferramenta demonstrou que cerca de 50% dos casos estudados poderiam ter economizado em gastos com energia elétrica, caso tivessem optado pela nova modalidade.

 Palavras-chave: Setor Elétrico. Tarifa Branca. Modalidade Tarifária.
DESENVOLVIMENTO E IMPLEMENTAÇÃO DE SISTEMA ELETRÔNICO DE ALERTA DE CHUVAS PARA ÁREAS DE RISCO
Authors: Junior Geraldo Motta Azevedo , Da Silva Antônio José Dias , Pinheiro André Luis Da Silva , De Oliveira Vinícius Coutinho , Macena Eliel Da Silva
Published: September 2021

RESUMO

Evitar acidentes, garantir o bem-estar e salvar vidas, tem sido uns dos principais desafios da engenharia moderna. O objetivo deste trabalho foi a criação e implementação de um modelo de pluviômetro, de baixo custo, utilizando um modelo digital, artesanal com comparadores lógicos programáveis e um circuito eletrônico de autoria própria, que associado a outros instrumentos de sinalização e alarme, venha colaborar na prevenção de acidentes oriundos de altos índices pluviométricos, em comunidades de baixa renda. Após montado e testado verificou-se que o protótipo atendeu satisfatoriamente a que se propôs.
DESENVOLVIMENTO E IMPLANTAÇÃO DE UM SISTEMA INTELIGENTE DE MONITORAMENTO DE CABOS DE ESTAIAMENTO PARA EVITAR SINISTROS COM QUEDA DE TORRES DE TRANSMISSÃO DE ENERGIA
Authors: Silva Alex De Lima e Silva , Neves Fabrício , Silva Júnior José Alves da , Simões Tallis Amorim , Guimarães André Felipe A. Marandino
Published: September 2021

O presente artigo aborda os aspectos técnicos associados ao desenvolvimento de um sistema inteligente de detecção e monitoramento para evitar sinistros com queda de torres de transmissão de energia. O sistema desenvolvido é composto, dentre outros, por um conjunto de sensores conectados aos cabos de torres estaiadas e também por um sistema de telecomunicação, que envia os dados para um Controlador Lógico Programável. Este controlador é responsável por inferir se a operação do cabo da torre de transmissão é normal ou anormal e apresentar esta informação ao usuário por meio de uma Interface Homem Máquina integrada ao painel. Outros aspectos abordados são os sistemas periféricos associados, tais como o sistema de suprimento de energia, composto por painéis fotovoltaicos e um banco de baterias que garantem o funcionamento do sistema de detecção de avarias por até uma semana. O uso deste sistema permitirá à concessionária de transmissão identificar em tempo real a ocorrência de situações de riscos nas torres de suas linhas de transmissão, permitindo direcionar o esforço da equipe de manutenção e evitar danos mais graves aos seus ativos.
Automação Residencial de Baixo Custo com Controle por Rádio Frequência
Authors: Da Silva Pinheiro André Luís , Dias da Silva Antônio José , Azevedo Júnior Geraldo Motta , Premerl Leite Tiago Coelho
Published: September 2021

Sistemas de automação residencial que se utilizam de tecnologias modernas, normalmente possuem um valor de mercado elevado. Tais sistemas, agregam também uma alta complexidade de implementação, sem levar em conta que muitas das vezes, necessita de alguma arquitetura previamente existente (por exemplo uma rede Wi-Fi). Sendo assim, praticamente tais sistemas ficam restritos ao público consumidor de maior poder aquisitivo. O principal objetivo deste projeto, consiste em reduzir os encargos de produção e como consequência o custo dos sistemas de automação residencial, para que pessoas de baixa renda, possam usufruir de tal tecnologia. A utilização de transmissores e receptores de rádio frequência para o acionamento de comandos ao invés de tecnologias modernas de transmissão, como redes Wi-Fi, traz a redução dos encargos de produção e maior facilidade de implantação pois, não existe a necessidade de associar sistemas de tecnologia mais complexas ao sistema de automação. Para realizar a comunicação entre os dispositivos a serem automatizados serão utilizados componentes como o HT12E e HT12D (Encoder e Decoder para RF) juntamente com as chaves de acionamento e luzes sinalizadoras no controle remoto para execução de comandos em qualquer lugar da casa. Os resultados obtidos atenderam a proposta do projeto. O custo final ficou em R$ 102,10. Neste valor, está incluso a construção do controle e do atuador, o que possibilitou maior acessibilidade ao sistema pelas classes menos favorecidas. Sendo assim, pode-se dizer que o objetivo do projeto foi alcançado validando o trabalho realizado.
Modulator for implementation of amplitude modulation of many components
Authors: Horbatyi I. V. , Carp U. S. , Tsymbaliuk I. R.
Published: September 2021

The authors consider various anti-noise techniques in systems using digital signals, in particular QAM (quadrature amplitude modulation) signals. To increase the noise immunity of a system, it is proposed to use amplitude modulation of many components (AMMС). The advantages of this approach are demonstrated. The principles of AMMС signal formation are explained. The frequency efficiency, energy efficiency, and information efficiency of such signals are theoretically calculated. Different types of digital modulation are compared, the data being presented as a table, and a conclusion is made about a possible practical implementation of the modulator for AMMC signal formation.
Structural and functional diagrams of the modulator for AMMC implementation are proposed. The study formulates basic operating principles of such a device, which are used to propose a design option of the modulator. The paper describes particular aspects of creating the main units of the modulator. The authors investigate the characteristics of such a device, particularly the spectrum of the output signal.
The obtained research results allow drawing a conclusion that the device complies with the formulated implementation principles of the declared modulation type. A general conclusion is made that the manufactured modulator is suitable for the AMMC. The device is proposed to be used in modern digital communication systems, such as mobile communication systems.
Evaluation of metrological characteristics of spectral analysis method for determining erythrocyte morphology
Authors: Sokol Ye. I. , Kolisnyk K. V. , Bernads’ka T. V.
Published: September 2021

Spectral photometry is currently widely used for quantitative and qualitative analysis of biological molecules in medical biology. The method is based on the ability of molecules to absorb electromagnetic radiation. Modern clinical laboratory diagnostics extensively uses optical methods of analysis that rely on these physical properties of semitransparent objects, such as blood components. Knowing the absorption spectra of blood and its components, it is possible to quantify the concentration of all the components by solving the mathematical system of equations corresponding to these spectra. However, the existing methods of optical analysis of erythrocytes do not allow quantifying their geometric parameters, which may also indicate certain diagnostic signs and be used to analyze the clinical condition of the patient's body.
The aim of this work is to evaluate the metrological characteristics of the newly developed method of determining the geometric parameters of erythrocytes, which combines spectral analysis and double annealing.
The input data for the 3D imaging of erythrocytes were taken from the images of the sample both made in natural light and illuminated by a coherent light source with different wavelengths. The latter, after some additional image correlation, increases the reliability of the result. The calculation results on the errors and the measuring channel resolution of the digital interference microscope indicate an acceptable accuracy of the method. The accuracy of the three-dimensional image obtained by the proposed method is more than 20% higher than that of other known methods. This allows determining the informative geometric parameters of the structure of erythrocytes more accurately and using them to obtain additional clinical diagnostic characteristics of the patient's body.
Assessing Impacts to National Park Visitation From COVID-19
Authors: Jenkins Jeffrey , Arroyave Felber , Brown Madeline , Chavez Jullianna , Ly Johnny , Origel Haania , Wetrosky Jacob
Published: September 2021

Yosemite National Park is a popular tourist destination with high visitation levels that have increased throughout the summer season over the past several decades. Like with other protected areas, high visitation levels pose challenges for coordinating resources, infrastructural capacity, and visitor experiences. Use limits, including rationing vehicle entry at gates by reservation, are one possible strategy to manage visitation levels. After an initial full closure, the park chose to operationalize a multiphased permit system for day-use and overnight entry over the course of the pandemic in accordance with local and national guidelines for operational safety. While park closures and other entry restrictions have been common in recent years due to wildland fires and other natural hazards, the pandemic-related entry limits represent a nearly yearlong experiment. The prolonged entry ration along with restrictions to group activities has limited visitation and potentially reduced transmission of the novel coronavirus. We review the per capita COVID-19 case count in surrounding counties given the flow of tourism from outside the region, assess the changes in access to the park with the novel reservation system, compare monthly visitation during the 2020 use limits with prior decadal averages, detail how high visitation levels and crowding persist, and review the Park’s plans for an ongoing day-use permit system. We conclude with the ongoing challenges managers face in light of continued high visitation. Readers will be able to debate the efficacy of use limits and what may be a sustainable level of visitation for the park.
SOCIAL WORK 4.0? THE FOURTH INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION AND SOCIAL WORK EDUCATION: A SOUTH AFRICAN PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Safodien Mohamed
Published: September 2021

The First and Second Industrial Revolutions created significant disruptions in the social life and economic activities of human societies globally. Traditionally, social work practice has had a strong “face-to-face” foundation. Emerging technologies in the Third and Fourth Industrial Revolutions such as computers, mobile technologies, big data, internet of things, artificial intelligence and virtual reality are now creating a potential disruption in the traditional practice of social work. The emergence of e-social work and social work informatics broadens the scope of practice of social work in the 21st century. This article will examine the implications for social work education.
INITIAL COURSE DESIGN PHASE OF GROUP WORK EDUCATION USING AUTHENTIC E-LEARNING
Authors: Pillay Roshini
Published: September 2021

Group work education develops student competences for praxis. The Authentic eLearning framework has the potential to strengthen course design, develop critical thinking, multiple perspectives, articulation and reflection. This qualitative study conducted using educational design research explored the pedagogical practices of South African social workers in group work education. Ethics clearance for this study was received and data were analysed using content analysis. Findings identified educator strategies including the use of real-world context, reflection and group collaboration, but the study noted the potential for incorporating technology-enhanced learning. Extrapolating from this study, opportunities for educators in this field during the Covid-19 pandemic are indicated.
MOTHERS CARING FOR CHILDREN LIVING WITH CEREBRAL PALSY: SUGGESTIONS FOR PSYCHO-SOCIAL SUPPORT
Authors: Raphulu Phumudzo , Shirindi Modjadji Linda , Makofane Mankwane Daisy
Published: September 2021

Caring for children with cerebral palsy presents numerous circumstances which may contribute to mothers’ inability to cope with the demands of meeting their children’s needs. A qualitative study supported by explorative, descriptive and contextual designs was undertaken. Purposive and snowball sampling facilitated the identification of twelve participants who were interviewed through semi-structured interviews. The enquiry was based on the ecosystems approach. Thematic data analysis was followed through Tesch’s eight steps and Guba’s model was used for data verification. The findings highlighted the necessity to enhance the psycho-social functioning of mothers through collaboration of social workers, health professionals and various organisations.
The Effect of Size and Material of Packing Seal and Pump Flow Rate to Leakage Rate at Stuffing Box of Centrifugal Pump
Authors: Mohd Zainal Mohd Zafuan , Mohd Yunus Mohd Yusri , Nor Azizan Aaina Syakirah , Ismail Nurul Ain
Published: September 2021

This research explore on the effect of size and material of packing seal and discharge valve opening to the leakage rate at stuffing box for pump P7301-A. Leak at stuffing box is unavoidable due to gap exists between the pump casing and shaft. Therefore, it is necessary for a suitable sealing system which includes packing size and material to be installed on all pumps for controlling the leakage rate without damaging the pumps. It is also important for operator to know the proper discharge valve opening at which the pump should be operated to get minimum leakage. Experiment was conducted by recording the leakage volume at stuffing box with changes of size (9mm, 10mm and 11mm) and material (graphite, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and PTFE-Asbestos) of packing seal and discharge valve opening (50%, 75% and 100%) that would determine the pump flow rate. The experiment was executed and analyzed using one factor at a time (OFAT) method whereby the testing of factors conducted one at a time instead of multiple factors simultaneously in determining which setting would lead to the lowest leakage rate without compromising the pump’s healthiness. Feasibility analysis was also conducted on the operating cost focusing on saving in utility bill and maintenance cost that focused on painting and fitting replacement works. Result from experiment and analysis showed that packing seal size and discharge valve opening have effect on leakage rate at stuffing box while material of packing seal is not significant in influencing the leakage rate of this pump. Larger size of packing seal would cause lower leakage rate due to greater obstruction at stuffing box. Leakage rate also declined when the discharge valve was fully opened due to less resistance created at the discharge line had reduced the pressure in the pump casing which led to less leakage at stuffing box. Feasibility analysis showed cost saving of RM5,930.00 on the operating cost and cost saving of RM221,200.00 on the maintenance cost for 10-year operation of 10 pumps can be achieved. Outcome from this study can be utilized to reduce the plant operating cost, maintenance cost, manhours saving and preserve the treated water resources.
Diferencias de género en la tolerancia al pago de sobornos: un análisis de mecanismos causales
Authors: GUEVARA GÓMEZ ARIANA
Published: September 2021

El análisis de las diferencias de género en la tolerancia al pago de sobornos ha ganado interés desde hace pocos años. Si bien se ha intentado entender por qué las mujeres tienden a tolerar menos la corrupción a pequeña escala que los hombres, aún no hay respuestas concluyentes. En este trabajo se analizaron los efectos de seis variables a través de un Modelo de Ecuaciones Estructurales, en el que se utilizaron datos de 60 países de la sexta edición de la World Values Survey (2010-2014). Con un grado de ajuste parcial, el modelo demostró que la aversión al riesgo es la única variable estadísticamente significativa que permitiría explicar por qué las mujeres justifican menos el pago de sobornos que los hombres, si bien deben entenderse las limitaciones del estudio y analizar los resultados con el cuidado de no perpetuar los estereotipos de género.
Federalismo multiétnico en etiopía y su mecanismo constitucional de secesión: ¿un modelo para españa y el caso de cataluña?
Authors: Caprarulo Joaquín
Published: September 2021

El caso del artículo 39 de la Constitución de Etiopía es un ejemplo único dentro del derecho constitucional comparado. Ningún otro Estado en el mundo reconoce legalmente el derecho de secesión a la totalidad de sus regiones y ciudadanos. Este trabajo analiza el desarrollo histórico que llevó a que Etiopía adoptara este mecanismo constitucional como garantía de su federalismo multiétnico y la manera en que ha sido ejercido desde su aprobación. A su vez, se presentan algunas analogías respecto a la crisis producida por los intentos independentistas de Cataluña e intenta analizar la posibilidad de que el diseño constitucional etíope pueda ser aplicado a otros casos, como el español.
Rehabilitation strategies and results in patients treated with chemoradiotherapy/radiotherapy for head and neck cancer: Institutional experience
Authors: Patel Ankita , Goswami Gaurav , Gupta Neha , Samanataray Soumyahree , Kumar Singh Deepak , Raf Raf , Dixit Anurag , Singh SK , Kumar Anand , Patel Swaroop , Sareen Akhil
Published: September 2021

Oncologic treatments, such as Radio- therapy and Chemo-radiation, for head and neck cancer can cause long-term swallowing impairments (dysphagia) that negatively impact the Quality of life. Radiation-induced dysphagia consists of a broad spectrum of structural, mechanical, and neurologic deficits. The goal of this study is to understand the importance of Onco Rehabilitation during Radiation and Chemo-Radiation to minimize the incidence of Dysphagia during the Treatment, which ultimately causes delay in Overall Treatment Time (OTT).
Deceiving & deceptive growth in the ear canal in an elderly female
Authors: Basavannaiah Sphoorthi
Published: September 2021

Malignant neoplasms of the external auditory canal, middle and inner ear are rare. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the most common neoplasm to occur in this region. As such primary neoplasms of the external auditory canal and temporal bone are uncommon, as these structures more frequently are involved by the cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) of pinna or metastatic cSCC involving parotid gland or post auricular lymph nodes.
CREATION AND APPROBATION OF A LOW-FREQUENCY RADIO ASTRONOMY ANTENNA FOR STUDIES OF OBJECTS OF THE UNIVERSE FROM THE MOON'S FARSIDE
Authors:   Institute of Radio Astronomy, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Bubnov I. N. , Konovalenko O. O. ,   Institute of Radio Astronomy, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Tokarsky P. L. ,   Institute of Radio Astronomy, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Korolev O. M. ,   Institute of Radio Astronomy, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Yerin S. M. ,   Institute of Radio Astronomy, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Stanislavsky L. O. ,   Institute of Radio Astronomy, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
Published: September 2021

Purpose: Theoretical and experimental studies of the active antenna – an element of the low-frequency radio telescope antenna array for the future observatory on the farside of the Moon. Design/methodology/approach: To study the active antenna, consisting of a complex-shaped dipole and a low-noise amplifier, we used its mathematical model in the form of a two-port network, whose electrical parameters are set by the scattering matrix, the noise parameters being set by the covariance matrix of the spectral densities of noise waves. This model allows ma[1]king the correct analysis of the signal-to-noise ratio at the active antenna output with account for the external and internal noise sources. The modelling results were compared with those of experimental measurements of antenna characteristics. A series of radio astronomy observations were made with the developed antenna under the Earth environmental conditions. Findings: A numerical analysis of the radio telescope active antenna parameters has been made in a wide frequency range of 4–40 MHz. Two versions of the low-noise amplifier were developed to operate in the active antenna under the space and Earth environmental conditions. Under the Earth conditions, it has been experimentally proven that the range of problems, which such radio telescopes can effectively solve at low frequencies, is quite wide – from the solar research to the search for cosmological effects. Conclusions: The results of numerical simulations and experimental measurements obtained in this work have shown a satisfactory agreement between them for the most of the frequency range. The results of this work can be useful in the research and development of active antennas designed for operation at the decameter and hectometer wavelength ranges, particularly those intended for using under the space environmental conditions. Keywords: active antenna, Moon, radio astronomy observations, sensitivity
EVIDENCE OF THE EARTH’S INNER RADIATION BELTS DURING THE LOW SOLAR AND GEOMAGNETIC ACTIVITY OBTAINED WITH THE STEP-F INSTRUMENT
Authors:   Institute of Radio Astronomy, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Dudnik O. V. , Yakovlev O. V. ,   Institute of Radio Astronomy, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
Published: September 2021

Purpose: The subject of research is the spatio-temporal charged particles in the Earth’s magnetosphere outside the South Atlantic magnetic Anomaly during the 11-year cycle of solar activity minimum. The work aims at searching for and clarifying the sustained and unstable new spatial zones of enhanced subrelativistic electron fluxes at the altitudes of the low Earth orbit satellites. Design/methodology/approach: Finding and ascertainment of new radiation belts of the Earth were made by using the data analysis from the D1e channel of recording the electrons of energies of ΔEe=180–510 keV and protons of energies of ΔEp=3.5–3.7 MeV of the satellite telescope of electrons and protons (STEP-F) aboard the “CORONAS-Photon” Earth low-orbit satellite. For the analysis, the data array with the 2 s time resolution normalized onto the active area of the position-sensitive silicon matrix detector and onto the solid angle of view of the detector head of the instrument was used. Findings: A sustained structure of three electron radiation belts in the Earth’s magnetosphere was found at the low solar and geomagnetic activity in May 2009. The two belts are known since the beginning of the space age as the Van Allen radiation belts, another additional permanent layer is formed around the drift shell with the McIlwaine parameter of L = 1.65±0.05. On some days in May 2009, the new two inner radiation belts were observed simultaneously, one of those latter being recorded between the investigated sustained belt at L≈1.65 and the Van Allen inner belt at L≈2.52. Increased particle fluxes in this unstable belt have been formed with the drift shell L≈2.06±0.14. Conclusions: The new found inner radiation belts are recorded in a wide range of geographic longitudes λ, both at the ascending and descending nodes of the satellite orbit, from λ1≈150° to λ2≈290°. Separately in the Northern or in the Southern hemispheres, outside the outer edge of the outer radiation belt, at L≥7–8, there are cases of enhanced particle fl ux density in wide range of L-shells. These shells correspond to the high-latitude region of quasi-trapped energetic charged particles. Increased particle fluxes have been recorded up to the bow shock wave border of the Earth’s magnetosphere (L≈10-12). Key words: radiation belt, STEP-F instrument, electrons, magnetosphere, drift L-shell, particle flux density
OPERATOR METHOD IN THE PROBLEM OF THE H-POLARIZED WAVE DIFFRACTION BY TWO SEMI-INFINITE GRATINGS PLACED IN THE SAME PLANE
Authors:   V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, Kaliberda M. E. ,   Institute of Radio Astronomy, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Lytvynenko L. M. ,   V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University,   Institute of Radio Astronomy, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Pogarsky S. A. ,   V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University,   Institute of Radio Astronomy, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
Published: September 2021

Purpose: Problem of the H-polarized plane wave diffraction by the structure, which consists of two semi-infinite strip gratings, is considered. The gratings are placed in the same plane. The gap between the gratings is arbitrary. The purpose of the paper is to develop the operator method to the structures, which scattered fields have both discrete and continuous spatial spectra. Design/methodology/approach: In the spectral domain, in the domain of the Fourier transform, the scattered field is expressed in terms of the unknown Fourier amplitude. The field reflected by the considered structure is represented as a sum of two fields of currents on the strips of semi-infinite gratings. The operator equations are obtained for the Fourier amplitudes. These equations use the operators of reflection of semi-infinite gratings, which are supposed to be known. The field scattered by a semi-infinite grating can be represented as a sum of plane and cylindrical waves. The reflection operator of a semi-infinite grating has singularities at the points, which correspond to the propagation constants of plane waves. Consequently, the unknown Fourier amplitudes of the fi eld scattered by the considered structure also have singularities. To eliminate these latter, the regularization procedure has been carried out. As a result of this procedure, the operator equations are reduced to the system of integral equations containing the integrals, which should be understood as the Cauchy principal value and Hadamar finite part integrals. The discretization has been carried out. As a result, the system of linear equations is obtained, which is solved with the use of the iterative procedure. Findings: The operator equations with respect to the Fourier amplitudes of the field scattered by the structure, which consists of two semi-infinite gratings, are obtained. The computational investigation of convergence has been made. The near and far scattered fields are investigated for different values of the grating parameters. Conclusions: The effective algorithm to study the fields scattered by the strip grating, which has both discrete and continuous spatial spectra, is proposed. The developed approach can be an effective instrument in solving a series of problems of antennas and microwave electronics. Key words: semi-infinite grating, operator method, singular integral, hypersingular integral, regularization procedure
The Collaborative Folktale Project of a Family: The Synoptic Critical Edition of a 19th-Century Hungarian Folktale and Riddle Collection
Authors: Gulyás Judit
Published: September 2021

In 1862, a volume of tales was published under the title Eredeti népmesék (‘Original Folktales’) by László Arany, the then 18-year-old son of János Arany, the national poet of the period. Eredeti népmesék has been classified by folkloristics as the first canonical folktale collection in Hungary. Besides scholarly recognition, it has also become one of the most popular folktale collections of the past one and a half century, as selected tales from this collection have been continuously republished in schoolbooks and anthologies and have become a regular element in children's literature. After the Second World War, in the basement of the main building of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences in Budapest, a huge pile of manuscripts had been found in very poor condition, consisting of, among others, various 19th-century folklore collections. In the 1960s, it was discovered that a part of these manuscripts was identical to the texts published in Eredeti népmesék. The vast majority of the manuscript tales had been recorded by the family members of János Arany, namely, his young daughter (Julianna Arany) and his wife (Julianna Ercsey), in the period between 1850 and 1862, presumably for family use. A comparison of the manuscript texts with their published versions revealed that in the editing process, László Arany significantly reworked the texts of the manuscript tales, implementing significant stylistic modifications. This article reports on the research project underlying the synoptic critical edition of the manuscript and published tales of the Arany family (2018). In the first part, the author presents the manuscript and published tales and their place in the history of Hungarian folkloristics, followed by an introduction of the members of the Arany family with an emphasis on their socio-cultural background, and concluding with a discussion of the roles they played in this collaborative folktale project as collectors, editors, copy editors, and theoreticians. The second part is a summary of the textological concept and techniques applied in the course of the development of the synoptic critical edition.
Physical activity influences the mobile phone addiction among Chinese undergraduates: The moderating effect of exercise type
Authors: Yang Guan , Li Yuexiang , Liu Shijie , Liu Chuannan , Jia Chen , Wang Songtao
Published: September 2021

Background and aims

Mobile phone addiction (MPA) has recently aroused much attention due to its high incidence and considerable health hazards. Although some existing studies have documented that physical activity is negatively associated with MPA, it is little known about the potential effects underlying this relation. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between physical activity and MPA among undergraduates in China, and to further examine the moderating effect of exercise type in the relation between them.

Methods

By the quota sampling, a total of 650 participants engaged in this survey and completed relevant measurements including physical activity rating scale-3 (PARS-3) and mobile phone addiction tendency scale (MPATS).

Results

Gender (β= 0.271,P< 0.05) and major (β= −0.169,P< 0.05) could significantly predict MPA, respectively, and physical activity was an imperative protective factor to decrease MPA (β= −0.266,P< 0.001). While the physical activity level enhanced from none exercise to medium exercise, an optimum dose-response relationship would emerge between physical activity and MPA (F(3,604)= 4.799,P< 0.01). Most important, the relation between physical activity and MPA can be moderated by exercise type. Especially in terms of aerobic endurance exercise, the higher level of physical activity the undergraduates performed, the lower degree of MPA would be suffered by them (β= −0.266,P< 0.001).

Discussion

These findings could be conducive to better understand the positive and potential effects of physical activity on the intervention in MPA, and served as a persuasive evidence that as for university students, actively engaging in aerobic endurance exercise with the medium activity level would be a practicable exercise strategy to deal with MPA in daily lifestyle behavior.
A scoping review of hard systems and tools that restrict money and cash for gambling
Authors: Rodda Simone N
Published: September 2021

Background

Gamblers engage in a range of “soft” financial options to limit access to money or cash for gambling (e.g., family looks after cash). Such barriers are easily overturned, resulting in a demand for financial systems and tools that offer “hard” restrictions on access to money and cash in a gambling context. The aim of this scoping review was to determine the attitudes and preferences of gamblers and their families on systems or tools to restrict access to money and cash, as well as the effectiveness of systems and tools that can be used to accomplish that goal.

Methods

A systematic search of articles related to financial restrictions and gambling was conducted. Eligibility criteria included samples of gamblers or affected others and interventions targeted at money or cash restrictions in a gambling context. Soft financial barriers such as family involvement were excluded, as were limit-setting systems which focused on gambling expenditure in gambling venues.

Results

Nine studies met the eligibility criteria, with three focused on financial systems (e.g., ban on credit betting) and six focused on removal of cash machines from gambling venues. The included literature was generally of low quality, with just two pre-post studies and seven cross-sectional or qualitative ones.

Conclusions

The included studies provided strong support for financial mechanisms to support gamblers and their families. Future studies need to involve multiple stakeholders to provide this type of support as well as to evaluate the holistic impact that such hard barriers can have on gambling and gambling-related harms.
Molecular characterization of the 5S rDNA non-transcribed spacer and reconstruction of phylogenetic relationships in Capsicum
Authors: Grabiele Mauro , Aguilera Patricia Mabel , Ducasse Daniel Adrián , Debat Humberto Julio
Published: September 2021

Abstract Capsicum includes ca. 41 species of chili peppers. In this original report we PCR amplified, cloned, sequenced and characterized the 5S rDNA non-transcribed spacer -NTS- in 23 taxa of nine clades of Capsicum, divergent at geographical origin and fruit and chromosome traits, and compared the NTS features throughout Solanaceae. According to GC content, inner variability and regulatory elements, the NTS organizes into three distinct structural regions; genetic variability at the NTS in Capsicum and related genus clusters into defined taxa hierarchies. Based on the reconstruction of a maximum-likelihood phylogenetic tree and phylogenetic networks, NTS sequences of Capsicum and related taxa grouped into well recognized categories -genus, section, clade, species, variety-. An evolutionary scenario arose from combined genetic and phylogenetic NTS data, in which monophyly and lineage diversification over time of Capsicum are addressed. Our analysis is original to include all domesticated species of Capsicum prevailing in germplasm collections and breeding programs, together with a large group of wild taxa that demanded further genetic characterization. The NTS set up as a double purpose marker in Capsicum, to directly evaluate genetic variability and reconstruct phylogenetic relationships to a broad extent, and constitutes a valuable tool for germplasm characterization and evolutionary studies within Solanaceae.