bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nonsense-mediated decay controls the reactivation of the oncogenic herpesviruses EBV and KSHV
Authors: van Gent Michiel , Reich Adrian , Velu Sadanandan E. , Gack Michaela U.
Published: February 2021

The oncogenic human herpesviruses Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) and Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) are the causative agents of multiple malignancies. A hallmark of herpesviruses is their biphasic life cycle consisting of latent and lytic infection. In this study, we identified that cellular nonsense-mediated decay (NMD), an evolutionarily conserved RNA degradation pathway, critically regulates the latent-to-lytic switch of EBV and KSHV infection. The NMD machinery suppresses EBV and KSHV Rta transactivator expression and promotes maintenance of viral latency by targeting the viral polycistronic transactivator transcripts for degradation through the recognition of features in their 3′ UTRs. Treatment with a small-molecule NMD inhibitor potently induced reactivation in a variety of EBV- and KSHV-infected cell types. In conclusion, our results identify NMD as an important host process that controls oncogenic herpesvirus reactivation, which may be targeted for the therapeutic induction of lytic reactivation and the eradication of tumor cells.
Role of reptiles and associated arthropods in the epidemiology of rickettsioses: A one health paradigm
Authors: Mendoza-Roldan Jairo Alfonso , Ravindran Santhakumari Manoj Ranju , Latrofa Maria Stefania , Iatta Roberta , Annoscia Giada , Lovreglio Piero , Stufano Angela , Dantas-Torres Filipe , Davoust Bernard , Laidoudi Younes , Mediannikov Oleg , Otranto Domenico
Published: February 2021

We assessed the presence ofRickettsiaspp.,Coxiella burnetiiandAnaplasma phagocytophilumin reptiles, their ectoparasites and in questing ticks collected in a nature preserve park in southern Italy, as well as in a peri-urban area in another region. We also investigated the exposure to these pathogens in forestry workers, farmers and livestock breeders living or working in the nature preserve park given the report of anecdotal cases of spotted fever rickettsioses.Rickettsiaspp. were molecularly detected inPodarcis muralisandPodarcis siculuslizards (i.e., 3.1%), inIxodes ricinus(up to 87.5%) and inNeotrombicula autumnalis(up to 8.3%) collected from them as well as inI.ricinuscollected from the environment (up to 28.4%).Rickettsia monacensiswas the most prevalent species followed byRickettsia helvetica. An undescribed member of the family Anaplasmataceae was detected in 2.4% and 0.8% of the reptiles and ectoparasites, respectively. Sera from human subjects (n = 50) were serologically screened and antibodies toRickettsiaspp. (n = 4; 8%),C.burnetti(n = 8; 16%) andA.phagocytophilum(n = 11; 22%) were detected. Two ticks collected from two forestry workers were positive for spotted fever group (SFG) rickettsiae.Ixodes ricinusis involved in the transmission of SFG rickettsiae (R.monacensisandR.helvetica) in southern Europe and lizards could play a role in the sylvatic cycle ofR.monacensis, as amplifying hosts. Meanwhile,N.autumnaliscould be involved in the enzootic cycle of some SFG rickettsiae among these animals. People living or working in the southern Italian nature preserve park investigated are exposed to SFG rickettsiae,C.burnetiiandA.phagocytophilum.
Lipidomic and metabolomic profiles of Coffea canephora L. beans cultivated in Southwestern Nigeria
Authors: Anagbogu Chinyere F. , Zhou Jiaqi , Olasupo Festus O. , Baba Nitsa Mohammed , Beckles Diane M.
Published: February 2021

Coffee (Coffeaspp.) is one of the most popular refreshing beverages globally. Coffee lipid diversity has untapped potential for improving coffee marketability because lipids contribute significantly to both the health benefits and cup quality of coffee. However, in spite of its potential importance, there have not been extensive studies of lipids amongC.canephoragenotypes. In this study, ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (UPLC–MS) profiling of lipid molecules was performed for 30 genotypes consisting of 15 cultivated and 15 conserved genotypes ofC.canephorain Southwestern Nigeria. We identified nine classes of lipids in the 30 genotypes which belong to the ‘Niaouli’, ‘Kouillou’ and ‘Java Robusta’ group: among these, the most abundant lipid class was the triacylglycerols, followed by the fatty acyls group. Although ‘Niaouli’ diverged from the ‘Kouillou’ and ‘Java Robusta’ genotypes when their lipid profiles were compared, there was greater similarity in their lipid composition by multivariate analysis, compared to that observed when their primary metabolites and especially their secondary metabolite profiles were examined. However, distinctions could be made among genotypes. Members of the fatty acyls group had the greatest power to discriminate among genotypes, however, lipids that were low in abundance e.g. a cholesterol ester (20:3), and phosphotidylethanolamine (34:0) were also helpful to understand the relationships amongC.canephoragenotypes. The divergent lipid profiles identified among theC.canephoragenotypes, correlated with their Single Nucleotide Polymorphism grouping as assessed by genotype-by-sequencing, and will be exploited to improve coffee cup quality.
Percutaneous Chevron/Akin (PECA) versus open scarf/Akin (SA) osteotomy treatment for hallux valgus: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ferreira Gabriel Ferraz , Borges Vinícius Quadros , Moraes Leonardo Vinícius de Matos , Stéfani Kelly Cristina
Published: February 2021

Purpose

The objective of the study is to compare the radiographic and clinical results of two techniques for the treatment of hallux valgus that have the same indication, the open scarf/Akin (SA) technique and the percutaneous Chevron/Akin (PECA).

Methods

A meta-analysis was performed with the studies found during a systematic review of articles included in electronic databases until 30 May 2020. The pooled analysis was summarized according to clinical outcomes, such as visual analog pain scale (VAS) and American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) score, radiographic outcomes and complications, with a 95% confidence interval.

Results

Three studies comparing the open scarf/Akin (SA) versus the PECA techniques were added to the analysis, corresponding to 235 feet, 102 in the PECA group and 133 in the SA. The final mean difference in the hallux valgus angle was 0.80 degrees and in the intermetatarsal angle 0.53, in the last radiographic evaluation. In the AOFAS score, the final mean difference was 4.97 points and in the VAS 0.14 in relation to the last clinical evaluation. Exposure to radiation during the surgical procedure was higher in the PECA group with a mean of 35.53 seconds.

Conclusions

The PECA surgical technique for the treatment of hallux valgus when compared with SA demonstrated similar radiographic correction, pain and function after six months of follow-up but with a longer radiation exposure time.

Register of systematic review (PROSPERO)

CRD42018096613.
Performance of SARS-CoV-2 serology tests: Are they good enough?
Authors: Piec Isabelle , English Emma , Thomas Mary Annette , Dervisevic Samir , Fraser William D. , John William Garry
Published: February 2021

In the emergency of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, great efforts were made to quickly provide serology testing to the medical community however, these methods have been introduced into clinical practice without the complete validation usually required by the regulatory organizations. SARS-CoV-2 patient samples (n = 43) were analyzed alongside pre-pandemic control specimen (n = 50), confirmed respiratory infections (n = 50), inflammatory polyarthritis (n = 22) and positive for thyroid stimulating immunoglobulin (n = 30). Imprecision, diagnostic sensitivity and specificity and concordance were evaluated on IgG serologic assays from EuroImmun, Epitope Diagnostics (EDI), Abbott Diagnostics and DiaSorin and a rapid IgG/IgM test from Healgen. EDI and EuroImmun imprecision was 0.02–14.0% CV. Abbott and DiaSorin imprecision (CV) ranged from 5.2%–8.1% and 8.2%–9.6% respectively. Diagnostic sensitivity of the assays was 100% (CI: 80–100%) for Abbott, EDI and EuroImmun and 95% (CI: 73–100%) for DiaSorin at ≥14 days post PCR. Only the Abbott assay had a diagnostic specificity of 100% (CI: 91–100%). EuroImmun cross-reacted in 3 non-SARS-CoV-2 respiratory infections and 2 controls. The DiaSorin displayed more false negative results and cross-reacted in six cases across all conditions tested. EDI had one cross-reactive sample. The Healgen rapid test showed excellent sensitivity and specificity. Overall, concordance of the assays ranged from 76.1% to 97.9%. Serological tests for SARS-CoV-2 showed good analytical performance. The head-to-head analysis of samples revealed differences in results that may be linked to the use of nucleocapsid or spike proteins. The point of care device tested demonstrated adequate performance for antibody detection.
“Yes, I’m interested in taking PrEP!”: PrEP interest among women respondents to the European community-based survey “Flash! PrEP in Europe”
Authors: Delabre Rosemary M. , Bernier Adeline , Sánchez Flor , Vilotitch Antoine , Chanos Sophocles , Cosmaro Maria Luisa , Langanke Harriet , Mey Coline , James Cary , Duken Sascha B. , Schlegel Vincent , Stranz Richard , Jonas Kai J. , Spire Bruno , Rojas Castro Daniela
Published: February 2021

The World Health Organization recommends pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for all populations at substantial risk of HIV infection, including women. However, data regarding PrEP interest among women is lacking, particularly in Europe. Factors associated with interest in using PrEP were assessed among women respondents to the Flash! PrEP in Europe (FPIE) survey. This community-based cross-sectional study, conducted in 12 European countries, aimed to assess PrEP knowledge and interest. “High objective risk” (HOR) was assessed using established risk criteria following EACS and CDC guidelines. Factors associated with interest in using PrEP were assessed in univariable and multivariable logistic regression models. Among 678 women, 12.5% (n = 85) were considered at HOR, 46.8% (n = 317) indicated prior PrEP knowledge and 18.0% (n = 122) reported interest in using PrEP. Among women at HOR, 40.0% (n = 34) were interested in PrEP. Factors significantly associated with PrEP interest in the final multivariable model were: younger age (18–29 years) (aOR 1.91[95CI: 1.07; 3.41]), bad self-perceived financial status (1.84[1.09; 3.11]), migrant status (south to north) (2.87[1.05; 7.89]), single or dating relationship status (1.93[1.23; 3.03]), sexual abuse history (1.86[1.17; 2.97]), “rather high”/ “high” self-perceived HIV risk (3.21[1.32; 7.81]), and HOR (2.49[1.42; 4.35]). These results show that women at HOR and those who perceived themselves to be at high risk are interested in using PrEP. There is a critical need for targeted information and improved access to PrEP to increase uptake of this HIV prevention tool to meet PrEP interest among women.
Resilience and livestock adaptations to demographic growth and technological change: A diachronic perspective from the Late Bronze Age to Late Antiquity in NE Iberia
Authors: Nieto Espinet Ariadna , Huet Thomas , Trentacoste Angela , Guimarães Silvia , Orengo Hector , Valenzuela-Lamas Silvia
Published: February 2021

There are strong interactions between an economic system and its ecological context. In this sense, livestock have been an integral part of human economies since the Neolithic, contributing significantly to the creation and maintenance of agricultural anthropized landscapes. For this reason, in the frame of the ERC-StG project ’ZooMWest’ we collected and analyzed thousands of zooarchaeological data from NE Iberia. By considering these data in comparison with ecological indicators (archaeobotanical remains) and archaeological evidence (settlement characteristics and their distribution) this paper seeks to characterize changes in animal production and the relationship between people, livestock, and their environment. These methods allow for an investigation of the topic at different scales (site, zone, territory) with a broad diachronic perspective, and for consideration of orography and cultural traditions alongside climatic factors. Through this integration of various streams of evidence, we aim to better understand the structure of ancient economic systems and the way they conditioned human decision-making on animal production. Results show a shifting relationship with the territory between the Bronze Age and Late Antiquity, in which market requirements and an economic model with a higher degree of integration increasingly influenced husbandry strategies. These processes are reflected in changes in land use and forms of territorial occupation, although along different rhythms and trajectories.
Effect of nicotine exposure on the rate of orthodontic tooth movement: A meta-analysis based on animal studies
Authors: Jyothish Sanjay , Athanasiou Athanasios E. , Makrygiannakis Miltiadis A. , Kaklamanos Eleftherios G.
Published: February 2021

Background

Nicotine exposure has been reported to modify bone cell function and the osseous metabolism with potential effects on the rate of orthodontic tooth movement.

Objectives

To systematically investigate and quantitively synthesize the most recent available evidence from animal studies regarding the effect of nicotine exposure on the rate of orthodontic tooth movement.

Search methods

Unrestricted searches in 7 databases and hand searching were performed until July 2020 (PubMed, Central, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, SCOPUS, Web of Science, Arab World Research Source, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global).

Selection criteria

We searched for controlled studies on healthy animals investigating the effect of nicotine on the rate of orthodontic tooth movement.

Data collection and analysis

Following study retrieval and selection, relevant data was extracted and the risk of bias was assessed using the SYRCLE’s Risk of Bias Tool. Exploratory synthesis and meta-regression were carried out using the random effects model.

Results

From the initially identified records, 5 articles meeting the inclusion criteria were selected and no specific concerns regarding bias were identified. Quantitative data synthesis showed that the rate of orthodontic tooth movement in the nicotine exposed rats was higher than in the control group animals (2 weeks of force application; 0.317 mm more movement in nicotine exposed rats; 95% Confidence Interval: 0.179–0.454; p = 0.000). No effect of the concentration or the duration force application was demonstrated following exploratory meta-regression.

Conclusion

Rats administered with nicotine showed accelerated rates of orthodontic tooth movement. Although, information from animal studies cannot be fully translated to human clinical scenarios, safe practice would suggest that the orthodontist should be able to identify patients exposed to nicotine and consider the possible implications for everyday clinical practice.
16S rRNA gene sequencing of rectal swab in patients affected by COVID-19
Authors: Mazzarelli Antonio , Giancola Maria Letizia , Farina Anna , Marchioni Luisa , Rueca Martina , Gruber Cesare Ernesto Maria , Bartolini Barbara , Ascoli Bartoli Tommaso , Maffongelli Gaetano , Capobianchi Maria Rosaria , Ippolito Giuseppe , Di Caro Antonino , Nicastri Emanuele , Pazienza Valerio ,   INMI COVID-19 study group
Published: February 2021

COronaVIrus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) is a pandemic respiratory infection caused by a new betacoronavirus, the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-CoronaVirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Few data are reported on the gut microbiota in COVID-19 patients. 16S rRNA gene sequencing was performed to reveal an altered composition of the gut microbiota in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia admitted in intensive care unit (ICU) (i-COVID19), or in infectious disease wards (w-COVID19) as compared to controls (CTRL). i-COVID19 patients showed a decrease of Chao1 index as compared to CTRL and w-COVID19 patients indicating that patients in ICU displayed a lower microbial richness while no change was observed as for Shannon Index. At the phylum level, an increase of Proteobacteria was detected in w-COVID19 patients as compared to CTRL. A decrease ofFusobacteriaandSpirocheteshas been found, with the latter decreased in i-COVID19 patients as compared to CTRL. Significant changes in gut microbial communities in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia with different disease severity compared to CTRL have been identified. Our preliminary data may provide valuable information and promising biomarkers for the diagnosis of the disease and, when validated in larger cohort, it could facilitate the stratification of patients based on the microbial signature.
The effect of overcrowding in emergency departments on the admission rate according to the emergency triage level
Authors: Jung Hae Min , Kim Min Joung , Kim Ji Hoon , Park Yoo Seok , Chung Hyun Soo , Chung Sung Phil , Lee Ji Hwan
Published: February 2021

Overcrowding in emergency departments is a serious public health issue. Recent studies have reported that overcrowding in emergency departments affects not only the quality of emergency care but also clinical decisions about admission. However, no studies have examined the characteristics of the patient groups whose admission rate is influenced by such overcrowding. This retrospective cohort study was conducted in a single emergency department between January 1 and December 31, 2018. Patients over 19 years old were enrolled and divided into three groups according to the degree of overcrowding—high, low, and non—based on the total number of patients in the emergency department. An emergency triage tool (the Korean Triage and Acuity Scale) was used, which categorizes patients into five different levels. We analyzed whether the degree of change in the admission rate according to the extent of overcrowding differed for each triage group. There were 73,776 patients in this study. In the analysis of all patient groups, the admission rate increased as the degree of overcrowding rose (the adjusted odds ratio for admission was 1.281 (1.225–1.339) in the high overcrowding group versus the non-overcrowding group). The analysis of the patients in each triage level showed an increase in the admission rate associated with the overcrowding, which was greater in the patient groups with a lower triage level (adjusted odds ratios for admission in the high overcrowding group versus non-overcrowding group: Korean Triage and Acuity Scale level 3 = 1.215 [1.120–1.317], level 4 = 1.294 [1.211–1.382], and level 5 = 1.954 [1.614–2.365]).
Determinants of dentists’ readiness to assess HPV risk and recommend immunization: A transtheoretical model of change-based cross-sectional study of Ontario dentists
Authors: Aldossri Musfer , Okoronkwo Chimere , Dodd Virginia , Manson Heather , Singhal Sonica
Published: February 2021

Objectives

To evaluate dentists’ readiness to assess the history of human papilloma virus (HPV) infections and recommend immunization among their patients.

Materials and methods

A link to a self-administered questionnaire was emailed to Ontario dentists. Dentists’ readiness and its determinants were assessed based on Transtheoretical Model’s ‘stages’ and ‘processes’ of change, respectively. Based on their current practices, dentists were either assigned to ‘pre-action’ or ‘action+’ stages.

Results

Of the 9,975 dentists contacted, 932 completed the survey; 51.9% participants were in action stage to assess the history of HPV infections and 20.5% to recommend immunization. Internationally-trained and those whose office’s physical layout was not a concern to discuss patients’ sexual history were more likely to assess the history. Dentists with higher knowledge about HPV vaccines, not concerned about the HPV vaccine safety, comfortable discussing sex-related topics with patients, or willing to exceed their scope of practice were more ready to recommend HPV immunization to their patients.

Conclusion

Improving Ontario dentists’ knowledge and communication skills and changing their self-perceived role regarding HPV infections and vaccination can increase their capacity to minimize the burden of HPV infections.
In the eye of a quiet storm: A critical incident study on the quarantine experience during the coronavirus pandemic
Authors: Durosini Ilaria , Triberti Stefano , Savioni Lucrezia , Pravettoni Gabriella
Published: February 2021

Objective

In 2020, the COVID-19 appeared in Italy with an exponential transmission capacity and serious consequences for the whole population. To counter the spread of the virus, the Italian government has adopted an extensive lockdown, forcing citizens to stay at home and avoid social contact. The COVID-19 quarantine represents a unique phenomenon in the recent centuries, and its long-term consequences on people’s lives and mental health are still to be understood. This study aimed to explore significant experiences of people who did not contract the virus, yet experienced the quarantine as a potentially stressful condition.

Methods

Italians who did not contract the COVID-19 were invited to participate in semi-structured interviews employing the Critical Incident Technique. Interviews were designed to capture the significant experiences related to the lockdown period in Italy. Participants were asked to describe the most significant (1) negative and (2) positive critical events that they personally experienced during the ongoing quarantine. Such events were meant to provide information on their experience of the quarantine as a whole. The audio-taped interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed following Critical Incident Technique’s indications.

Results

Twenty two participants described a total of 43 critical events, including 22 negative episodes and 21 positive events experienced during the COVID-19 quarantine. Three categories emerged from the negative episodes and four categories emerged from the positive events described by the participants. Relevant themes both positive and negative concerned mostly relationships (with partners, family, and friends), and the alteration of everyday activities, Also a specific “sensation of emergency” that the participants felt during the pandemic emerged, as an emotionally-charged response to quarantine-related external stimuli.

Conclusions

To our knowledge this is the first in-depth qualitative study investigating the significant negative and positive events that people experienced during the COVID-19 quarantine. Future research could employ analogous event recollection methods but focus on other populations (e.g., fragile subjects or on other national contests), in order to extend the information on the quarantine experience and its possible long-lasting effects.
El dit sobre el mapa. Joan Fuster i la descripció del territori, de Daniel Pérez Grau (Publicacions de la Universitat de València, València, 2017, 409 pàgines)
Authors: Monferrer-Palmer Aina
Published: February 2021

Ressenya: El dit sobre el mapa. Joan Fuster i la descripció del territori, de Daniel Pérez Grau (Publicacions de la Universitat de València, València, 2017, 409 pàgines).
Multikulturális szervezet és identitás (Multicultural organisation and identity)
Authors: Toarniczky Andrea
Published: February 2021

Jelen cikk célja a multikulturális szervezet fogalmának újraértelmezése, amelyet a következő lépések mentén valósít meg: (1) a releváns tudományterületek azonosítása – szervezeti kultúra és munkahelyi diverzitás – és komplementáris jellegük bizonyítása (ki)alakulásuk történeti ívének párhuzamos bemutatása révén, (2) a tudományterületek történeti alakulását hűen megragadni képes, rendszerező elméleti keret kiválasztása és bemutatása, (3) a multikulturális szervezet főbb dimenzióinak azonosítása, valamint (4) a multikulturális szervezeti kontextus meghatározása a fentiekben meghatározott dimenzióknak az elméleti keretben való értelmezése révén. ______ The aim of this article is to redefine the multicultural organizational concept, which is going to be accomplished along the following steps: (1) identifying the relevant disciplines – organizational culture and workplace diversity – and demonstrate their complementary character through a brief review of their roots and development, (2) presenting the organizing theoretical, which helps me to capture the development of the above mentioned literatures (3) identifying the main dimensions of the multicultural organization and (4) defining the multicultural organizational context based on the delineation of the above recognized dimensions within the organizing theoretical frame.
SME Policy and Competitiveness in Hungary
Authors: Bruno Dallago
Published: February 2021

Small and medium-sized (SMEs) enterprises in Hungary account for 99.9% of all enterprises and for more than two thirds of employment. Since transformation started in 1989 they have been the only net makers of employment. In spite of such remarkable importance, results have been modest compared to the amount of Hungarian and foreign, mostly EU resources poured into the sector. Less than a sixth of SMEs are fast-growing and only a tiny minority of SMEs make use of bank credit. According to various indicators and in spite of bright spots, the SMEs context is problematic and SMEs features are often unfavourable and hardly competitive. In recent years the goal of upgrading SMEs and strengthening their contribution to the economy has acquired central position among policy goals and activity. Although progress has been made, the results are weak and in some cases drawbacks have happened. The paper starts from analysing the SMEs situation, reviews the main features of the recently implemented policy strategies, assesses whether these strategies are appropriate to address the situation, including the effects of the domestic and international crises, and considers whether the targets pursued are realistic and important, and the instruments considered in line with the targets
A szervezeti elkötelezettség és a munka-család viszonyrendszer összefüggései (The relationship between organizational commitment and work-life balance)
Authors: Kiss Csaba , Csillag Sára , Szilas Roland , Takács Sándor
Published: February 2021

376 ügyfélszolgálati dolgozó bevonásával végzett kérdőíves vizsgálatukban a szerzők arra keresték a választ, hogy a szervezeti elkötelezettség profilok hogyan függnek össze a munkahelyi elégedettséggel, a kilépési szándékkal és a munka-család viszonyrendszerre vonatkozó változókkal (munka-család konfliktus, munkacsalád egyensúly, munka-család gazdagítás). Nyolc különböző profilt találtak, amelyek elemzéséből kiderült: az elkötelezettség-komponensek közül az érzelmi elkötelezettségnek kitüntetett szerepe van a kedvező következményeket tekintve, továbbá az elkötelezettségkomponensek együttes hatása szinergikus lehet. ________ In their research that was based on the answers of 376 customer service employees to a questionnaire survey, the authors are looking at the relationship between the organizational commitment profiles and work satisfaction, intention to leave the organization and various subconcepts of work life balance (work-family conflict, work-family balance and work-family enrichment). They have found 8 different profiles, the analysis of which revealed the central role of the affective component regarding the positive outcomes of the above mentioned variables as well as the synergic relations among the different components of organizational commitment.
Hogyan kezeljük a „közösségi ügyfeleket”? – Social CRM marketing és IT megközelítésben (How to manage social customer? Social CRM in marketing and IT context.)
Authors: Bagó Péter , Szabó Gyula
Published: February 2021

Van egy szó, ami egyre fontosabb lesz a társadalom és a vállalatok számára is, ez a szó a közösség. A közösséghez tevékenységek tartoznak, és ezen a ponton kapcsolódik be a vállalat. A vállalkozások az elmúlt években a közösségi igényeket a CRM-(Customer Relationship Management) megoldásokkal szolgálták ki. Informatikailag a közösségi hálózatok, már nemcsak vállalkozási folyamatot, hanem ehhez kapcsoltan az emberek társadalmi igényét is megpróbálják lefedni az elektronika lehetőségeivel. Egyre inkább a közösségi vállalkozások korát éljük, melyben a folyamathoz tartozó közösségek megosztják, egymás rendelkezésére bocsátják az információkat. A korábbi klasszikus CRM-rendszerek csak begyűjtötték az információkat, ezzel ellenben a közösségi CRM-rendszerek kétirányú kommunikációt folytatnak, párbeszédet kezdeményeznek az ügyfelekkel, buzdítják őket, hogy mondják el a véleményüket. Vajon ez az új stratégia,egy teljesen új világot hoz el a vállalatok számára, vagy csak a CRM fejlődésének egy újabb fokát jelenti? A szerzők erre a kérdésre keresik a választ gyakorlati esetek és szakirodalmi publikációk feldolgozásával. ______ There is a word that begins to be more and more important for the society and the companies, and this word is community. We can talk about social networks, people seek the social demand they already had as a part of their lives for a long time, and this means that it appears in the electronic society as an essential need too. The community is not enough, activities are also needed and this is the point where the companies link in, who promote their goods and facilities to the outside world and with this they use the next stage of customer relationship management, the fulfilment of social needs. We live in the age of social shopping, communities are everywhere and everyone shares information, and up to the present classic CR M systems ran from static databases. On the contrary social CR M systems perform a two-way communication, start a conversation with customers and encourage them to tell their opinions, which always changes on social media, so they build a dynamic database and communicate with customers through response-reactions. Does this new strategy bring a whole new world to companies or is it only another step in the development and another channel of CRM?
A távfűtés szerepe az energiapolitikai célok elérésében
Authors: Kádárné Horváth Ágnes
Published: February 2021

Napjainkban egyre többet lehet olvasni a globális energiaválság kihívásairól, melyeknek egy része szorosan összefonódik az energiafelhasználás növekvő ütemével és a kialakult energiahordozó-struktúrával. A környezetre gyakorolt kedvezőtlen hatásokon túlmenően a rendelkezésre álló primer energiaforrások szűkössége, a készletek kimerülése, valamint ennek következtében az energiaárak folyamatos és nagyarányú emelkedése mind a politika, a gazdaság, mind a társadalom oldaláról nézve jelentős megoldandó feladatokat támaszt. A globális energiaválság küszöbén a világ figyelme az energiagazdálkodás, valamint az energiapolitika felé fordult, új megoldások keresése kezdődött el. Az EU és Magyarország energiastratégiájában az energiapolitikai eszközök között kiemelt prioritást kap többek között a távfűtés korszerűsítése. A távfűtés az általa megvalósítható energiahordozó-diverzifikálási lehetőség, valamint a hozzá köthető kapcsolt energiatermelés révén nagymértékben hozzájárulhat az energia- és klímapolitikai célkitűzések eléréséhez. Ennek feltétele a távfűtés versenyképességének növelése, aminek lehetőségét ma még számos tényező akadályozza. A cikk ezt a kérdéskört vizsgálja.
Introduction
Authors: Plutino Alessia , Polisca Elena
Published: February 2021

The title of this book, Languages at work, competent multilinguals and
the pedagogical challenges of COVID-19, explores two issues that have become
increasingly prominent in 2020. The first one reflects on the language
skills which are in demand in the UK, where much-needed multilinguals are
sought after in the job market. It challenges the link between employability
and the global graduate concept, highlighting the need for language students
to be able to sell their skills. The second issue, which resulted in the
delayed publication of our book, focuses on COVID-19 and illustrates the
challenge to which the education establishment stood up. It reports on
practical examples of how educators and digital technologists reframed the
whole teaching and learning context without compromising staff and students’
experience.
Big Data and Journalism: How American Journalism is Adopting the Use of Big Data
Authors: Rodríguez Julián , M. Clark Andrew
Published: February 2021

This research uses in-depth interviews with three data journalists from the Houston Chronicle and the New York Times in the United States to describe the role of data journalists, and to illustrate how and why they use big data in their stories. Data journalists possess a unique set of skills including being able to find data, gather data, and use that data to tell a compelling story in a written and visually coherent way. Results show that as newspapers move to a digital format the role of a data journalist is becoming more essential as is the importance of laws such as the Freedom of Information Act to enable journalists to request and use data to continue to inform the public and hold those in power accountable.
Instituciones jurídico procesales para la protección del derecho a la salud
Authors: Granados Ferreira Jackeline
Published: February 2021

El análisis y estudio sobre el tema de las instituciones jurídicas busca determinar, a partir de la normatividad,el grado de responsabilidad en el cual incurren las personas que ejercen las actividades médicas, y a su vezestablecer el grado de imputación denominado falla médica, el cual está determinado a partir de las acciones de un profesional de la salud o de una entidad prestadora de este servicio. Para la determinación de estas premisas, es vital conocer y definir la forma en que se puede dar cumplimiento al compromiso asumido por el médico tratante, así como comprender adecuadamente los requisitos exigibles en materia de responsabilidad. Para ello, se busca determinar quién o quiénes son los encargados de presentar las pruebas; según la ley, se determinó que el demandante será quien aportará las pruebas para acreditar la falla del servicio en el acto médico. Es importante comprender los casos o situaciones procesales en los que se puedan presentar perjuicios indemnizables o el llamado pérdida de la oportunidad. La metodología adoptada en este trabajo corresponde al método analítico-descriptivo, lo cual implica el análisis conceptual de cada uno de los componentes y de los diversos elementos teóricos que integran el marco conceptual sobre las instituciones jurídico-procesales, en relación con la protección del derecho fundamental a la salud, desde su causa, naturaleza y efectos. Dicho método nos permite conocer más del objeto de estudio, con lo cual se puede exponer, hacer analogías y establecer nuevas teorías explicativas.
Dzisiejsza obecność teologa i teologii we wspólnocie akademickiej
Authors: Moskałyk Jarosław
Published: February 2021

The presence of theology in the academic community is today a challenge of particular significance. One of the most important reasons are political transformations in the post-communist countries of Europe in the last 25 years, as well as ideological and axiological transformations in the West of our continent. All these processes have affected many spheres of social, cultural and spiritual life and are directly related to shaping the contemporary theological thought. Although theology acquires potentially new opportunities for development and impact in the university space, in practice there are increasing difficulties in its affirmation. The problem primarily concerns the scientific profile of theology and the responsibility of theologians themselves.
Zinc Status Alters Alzheimer's Disease Progression through NLRP3-Dependent Inflammation
Authors: Rivers-Auty Jack , Tapia Victor S. , White Claire S. , Daniels Michael J.D. , Drinkall Samuel , Kennedy Paul T. , Spence Harry G. , Yu Shi , Green Jack P. , Hoyle Christopher , Cook James , Bradley Amy , Mather Alison E. , Peters Ruth , Tzeng Te-Chen , Gordon Margaret J. , Beattie John H. , Brough David , Lawrence Catherine B.
Published: February 2021

Alzheimer's disease is a devastating neurodegenerative disease with a dramatically increasing prevalence and no disease-modifying treatment. Inflammatory lifestyle factors increase the risk of developing Alzheimer's disease. Zinc deficiency is the most prevalent malnutrition in the world and may be a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease potentially through enhanced inflammation, although evidence for this is limited. Here we provide epidemiological evidence suggesting that zinc supplementation was associated with reduced risk and slower cognitive decline, in people with Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment. Using the APP/PS1 mouse model of Alzheimer's disease fed a control (35 mg/kg zinc) or diet deficient in zinc (3 mg/kg zinc), we determined that zinc deficiency accelerated Alzheimer's-like memory deficits without modifying amyloid β plaque burden in the brains of male mice. The NLRP3-inflammasome complex is one of the most important regulators of inflammation, and we show here that zinc deficiency in immune cells, including microglia, potentiated NLRP3 responses to inflammatory stimuliin vitro, including amyloid oligomers, while zinc supplementation inhibited NLRP3 activation.APP/PS1mice deficient in NLRP3 were protected against the accelerated cognitive decline with zinc deficiency. Collectively, this research suggests that zinc status is linked to inflammatory reactivity and may be modified in people to reduce the risk and slow the progression of Alzheimer's disease.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTAlzheimer's disease is a common condition mostly affecting the elderly. Zinc deficiency is also a global problem, especially in the elderly and also in people with Alzheimer's disease. Zinc deficiency contributes to many clinical disorders, including immune dysfunction. Inflammation is known to contribute to the risk and progression of Alzheimer's disease; thus, we hypothesized that zinc status would affect Alzheimer's disease progression. Here we show that zinc supplementation reduced the prevalence and symptomatic decline in people with Alzheimer's disease. In an animal model of Alzheimer's disease, zinc deficiency worsened cognitive decline because of an enhancement in NLRP3-driven inflammation. Overall, our data suggest that zinc status affects Alzheimer's disease progression, and that zinc supplementation could slow the rate of cognitive decline.
Soundwork
Authors: Hilmes Michele
Published: February 2021

In the 1990s, thanks to digital convergence, many disciplines centrally concerned with the mediated uses of sound from a variety of different orientations—communication, musicology, speech, ethnography, history of technology, journalism, theater and drama, and art, to name a few—began to recognize the need for a new term to indicate their shared focus. Here I propose soundwork as that term, laying out the reasons why we need it, how it can change our thinking across a broad range of cultural forms, the kind of cultural and political work it can perform, and how linking sound to our understanding of lived experience changes the way that we perceive the world around us.
Affective Technologies
Authors: Ennis Georgia C.
Published: February 2021

The ways Amazonian Kichwa (Quichua) women produce, circulate, and engage with other women’s songs demonstrates that both music and radio media are significant methods for linguistic and cultural activism in the province of Napo, Ecuador. Indigenous engagements with aural mediation and media, particularly those of Indigenous women, allow for new insights within both studies of media and cultural revitalization. Media technologies alone may not be enough to return a language to daily use, but they are an important support for language activism and site of soundwork for Indigenous peoples. Focused on the convergence of new radio forms and screen-based technologies, speech has been taken as the primary dimension of soundwork, with noise and music as secondary aspects. Kichwa radio media reveals that music can also comprise a primary dimension of soundwork, which produces affective and interpersonal experiences for listeners through aural engagements that encourage the vitality of shifting languages.
I will see it done: Metonymic extensions of the verb see in English
Authors:   University of Silesia, Matusz Łukasz
Published: February 2021

English verbs of perception appear to be significant generators of divergent polysemous senses. The aim of this paper is to propose a dictionary study of the verb see. It appears that many semantic extensions of the term are metonymic in nature, because they are motivated by metonymic shifts within specific State-of-Affairs Scenarios (SASs). Three distinct dictionary sources are consulted in order to identify different metonymic extensions of the verb see. The majority of the database samples appear to belong to the part for whole propositional metonymy category (a stage of SAS for SAS). The conceptual link between seeing and intellectual comprehension is complex and appears to require the discussion of metonymy–metaphor interaction for its fuller explanation. The analysis is followed by conclusions drawn from the database study, as well as suggestions for future research in the field of metonymic extensions of English terms of visual perception.
Selected aspects of the conceptualisation of success in English and Polish
Authors:   University of Białystok, Lach Mirghani Katarzyna
Published: February 2021

Conceptualisation is “the process of meaning construction to which language contributes. It does so by providing access to rich encyclopaedic knowledge and by prompting for complex processes of conceptual integration” (Evans 2007: 38). Concrete, non-abstract entities are easy to grasp and to conceptualise with the use of the senses. A problem occurs when the mind has to form an idea about abstract concepts that cannot be seen, heard, smelled, or tasted. Linguists (Evans & Green 2006; Gibbs 1999; Kövecses 2010; Lakoff 1986; Lakoff & Johnson 2003) proved that people share a tendency to create conceptual analogies between abstract concepts and concrete entities by mapping the properties of the latter upon the former. It has been proved (Trojszczak 2016, 2017) that people share conceptualisations between languages. The primary goal of this comparative study was to examine the conceptualisation of success in two languages, English and Polish, in order to identify differences and similarities. The results of the study proved that people share the conceptualisation of the analysed target domain in both languages, which means they understand success in the same terms. There is a difference in the intensity, however; some metaphors are more widely used in one language and some in the other. There is also a difference in the linguistic expressions that constitute the conceptualisations.
Evaluation of Neurocognitive Abilities in Patients Undergoing Carotid Endarterectomy Surgery
Authors: Er Zafer Cengiz , Çiçekçioğlu Ferit , Atilgan Kivanc
Published: February 2021

Objective: To evaluate the differences in neurocognitive abilities between the preoperative and postoperative periods following carotid endarterectomy (CEA), due to carotid artery stenosis, and to evaluate the effectiveness of CEA on neurocognitive abilities in the future.
Material and methods: Thirty-eight cases of CEA surgery at Bozok University Faculty of Medicine Research Hospital between January 2015 and June 2020 were examined. Neurocognitive tests were performed on carotid endarterectomy patients one day before the operation and on the 2nd, 4th, and 30th postoperative days. The effect of CEA on cognitive results has been investigated.
Results: Of the patients, eight were female (21.1%), 30 were male (78.9%), and the mean age was 66 ± 4.09. Thirty-two (84.21%) of the patients were operated on under general anesthesia and six (15.78%) under regional anesthesia. A shunt was used in 19 patients. Right carotid endarterectomy was performed in 20 cases and left carotid endarterectomy in 18 cases. We used the primary closure technique in two of 38 cases and patches on 36 of them. We used Dacron in 21 cases, PTFE in 12 cases, and saphenous vein as a patch in three cases. In the WMS digit spam and recall scores, the postoperative period fell on the 2nd day, and then on the 4th and 30th day after the operation, there was a low level of increase over time. Compared with the preoperative period, the learning score was found to be the lowest on the 2nd day, lower on the 4th day compared with the preoperative period and improved compared with the preoperative period on the 30th day. There was no decrease in the verbal fluency test score results after the operation, on the contrary, it was observed minimally. The test score results cumulatively were decreased in the early postoperative periods compared with the preoperative period and increased on the 30th day compared with the preoperative period.
Conclusion: The purpose of CEA in the past was the prevention of ischemic stroke and cerebrovascular disease (CVD) rather than neurocognitive recovery. Factors affecting neurocognition in CEA are multifactorial. Preservation and improvement of neurocognition are more important than any other period of history. By prioritizing cognitive abilities in the treatment of carotid stenosis, individualization of the treatment will help maximize the increase in cognitive abilities by providing optimum benefit to the patient of each factor.
Estructuras comparativas con posposición del adverbio mucho: geografía e historia
Authors: Octavio de Toledo y Huerta Álvaro S.
Published: February 2021

La prosa de Teresa de Jesús esconde numerosos usos morfosintácticos propios de las variedades del occidente de Castilla que conocieron cierto éxito durante la Baja Edad Media y el Siglo de Oro. En el presente trabajo investigamos, a partir de ejemplos teresianos complementados con búsquedas exhaustivas en corpus electrónicos, las construcciones con posposición del adverbio de grado mucho a diversos grupos cuantificativos, mostrando su carácter centro-occidental (y también oriental) y tratando de dar cuenta de las razones de su emergencia y declive.
Derecho canónico interdisciplinar. Ideas para una renovación epistemológica
Authors: Fantappiè Carlo
Published: February 2021

La situación actual de la ciencia canónica pone en evidencia la separación existente no solo entre la teología y el derecho canónico, sino entre este último, el derecho secular y la ética. Ha venido a faltar esa base común entre el derecho canónico y el derecho secular que, durante tantos siglos, había garantizado una fecunda colaboración entre ellos. El artículo se propone subrayar la necesidad de que la ciencia canónica se abra al diálogo con las ciencias seculares. A este fin, examina los modelos, las condiciones, las ventajas y los objetivos de las relaciones multidisciplinares entre la teología, el derecho canónico y las ciencias sociales.