bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of Chemicals and Bio-pesticides against Mustard Aphid, Lipaphis erysimi (Kalt.) on Mustard
Authors: Tak Abhay , Tayde Anoorag Rajnikant , Tripathi Akhilesh
Published: June 2024

The present investigation was conducted during rabi season of 2023-2024 at Crop Research farm, NAI, SHUATS, Prayagraj using Randomized Block Design (RBD) method and eight treatments are replicated thrice. Results revealed that, among all the treatments Imidacloprid 17.8 SL recorded lowest population of aphid (55.67), followed by Spinosad 45% SC (66.51), Cypermethrin 10% EC (78.55),  Sixer  plus (94.49), Nisco MECH 333 (96.17), Neem oil 5% (99.44), and Beauveria bassiana (109.90) was less effective among all the treatments. While, the highest yield and cost benefit ratio was obtained with Imidacloprid 17.8 SL (18.15 q/ha.), (1:5.20) Followed by Spinosad 45% SC (17.85 q/ha.), (1:4.78), Cypermethrin 10% EC (16.35 q/ha.), (1:4.54), Sixer plus (14.98 q/ha.), (1:4.18), Nisco MECH 333 (14.58 q/ha.), (1:4.08), Neem oil 5% (13.03 q/ha.), (1:3.61), Beauveria bassiana (12.55 q/ha.), (1:3.48) Least monetary return was obtained with control(9.17 q/ha.), (1:2.74).
Potential of Ayurveda Therapeutic in Prophylaxis of COVID 19 Pandemic
Authors: Arya Prasant , Chauhan Jaspal Singh , Kumar Dinesh , Kumar Pankaj
Published: June 2024

Now a day the world is go under slightly safe zone of imminent Corona virus (COVID-19) pandemic situation that cause the highly acute respiratory syndrome Corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Several COVID-19 variants, like Alpha, Delta, Gama, OMICRON and PIROLA, is also causing serious health problems in the world. The diseases have spread throughout the world, with over 774 million confirmed cases and 7.03 million deaths as on March 21, 2024. The pandemic continues to propagate due to the absence of a scientifically validated prophylaxis and therapeutic plan, despite global attempts to eliminate it. The elements of the pandemic require the immediate manipulation of all information system that is globally available. In the treatment of COVID-19 cases, the use of conventional Chinese Medicine in Wuhan provides an indication that conventional health facility will contribute successfully to the cure of these patients. A practical intervention strategy in India is suggested here, based on the Ayurveda classic, recent scientific study and experimental experience in parallel clinical environments. We give a graded response plan, based on the process of infection in a population of individuals. Clinical care is required, despite that’s the fact that no medical frame work also has evidence-based therapy for COVID-19 yet. For the Ayurveda medicine process, therefore, the practical solution proposed here requires immediate implementation. This will temporary learning; it will produce evidence and it will be being a way forward.
Comparative Assessment of Occurrence of Sharp Injuries, Knowledge and Utilization of Post-exposure Prophylaxis among Health care workers In South-South Nigeria
Authors: FA Ehimen , YN Ogbetere , BO Betiku , SO Ehimen , I Alenoghena
Published: June 2024

Worldwide, sharp injuries remain the most common cause of exposure to blood and body fluids. Preventing this exposure to blood and body fluid is the most important strategy of minimizing transmission of Human immuno-deficiency virus, Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C infections in health care setting. However, post exposure prophylaxis or management are key element of the complete program needed in preventing blood borne infections among HCWs. Post Exposure prophylaxis (PEP ) is any preventive medical treatment  started immediately after exposure to a pathogen (such as a disease-causing virus), in order to prevent infection by the pathogen and the development of disease.
Objectives: To assess the occurrence of sharp injuries, knowledge and utilization of post exposure prophylaxis among Health Care Workers at the three level of health care delivery in South-south Nigeria.
Methods: The cross sectional study was carried out among 492 Health Care Workers at the three level of health care delivery in South-south Nigeria. Multi stage sampling technique was used to recruit health care workers into this study and SPSS was used in data analysis.
Results: More than one-third of the health care workers at the three levels of health care delivery reported having sharps injuries, however, majority (50.4%) of HCWs in the primary health care centres had more exposure to Blood and body fluids (BBFs) compared to the other level of care.  A large proportion of the health care workers (HCWs) in the primary health care workers (83.7%) and more than half of their counter parts at the secondary health care (SHC) had poor knowledge of PEP compared to the teritiary health care (THC) where only 27.4% of the respondents had poor knowledge of PEP. Moreover, the utilization of post exposure prophylaxis was generally low at all levels of health care; it was higher (15.6%) among the PHC workers and least (14.30%) at the secondary health care level.
Conclusion: Despite the essential and indispensable role of post exposure prophylaxis in controlling occupational blood borne infections (post exposure infections), it was sad to note that most of the HCWs had poor knowledge and utilization of post exposure prophylaxis. Also, most HCWs had sharp injuries during their course of patient care. Therefore, there is need for regular training and sensitization of HCWs on the principles of post exposure prophylaxis and adherence to standard precautions.
Effect of Plant Growth Regulator and Crop Geometry on Growth and Yield of Green Gram (Vigna radiata L.)
Authors: Prasanna J. Livin , Singh Shikha , Liangmei AB Mariam
Published: June 2024

A field trial was conducted during the Zaid season of 2023 at Crop Research  Farm, Department of Agronomy, SHUATS, Prayagraj (U.P) on the Green Gram (Vigna radiata L.). The experiment was executed in a Randomized Block Design with ten treatments and replicated three times. Application of brassinolide 0.25% and plant density 35 cm x 10 cm (T2) recorded highest plant height (78.70 cm), dry weight (33.25 g/plant), number of nodules/plant (28.93), number of pods/plant (42.00), number of seeds/pod (14.00), test weight (31.89 g), seed yield (1273.70 kg/ha), stover yield (3401.50 kg/ha) and harvest index (27.24 %).   however, maximum crop growth rate (8.87 g/m2/day) was recorded in GA3 0.50% + 25 cm x 15 cm (T7). Maximum gross returns (INR 89,159.00/ha), net returns (INR 56,539.00/ha), and B:C ratio (1.73) were also obtained highest in the same treatment (T2) in Green Gram crop. Therefore, application of brassinolides 0.25% and plant spacing 35 cm x 10 cm (T2) result in significant improvement in the crop production and also proven economically viable in green gram.
Effect of Different Drying Techniques on Quality Attributes of Ready to Reconstitute (RTR) Coffee Mix
Authors: Baladhiya C.S. , Mahla Karishma , Rathva Arpita M. , Patel Ashish
Published: June 2024

Coffee is one of the most ubiquitous and culturally significant beverages worldwide, transcending borders and influencing societies in myriad ways. Ready-to-reconstitute (RTR) coffee, often referred to as instant coffee, occupies a unique and significant niche in the global coffee market. In the present study, A mixture of Arabica to Robusta coffee beans in the ratio of 70:30 was found most suitable for manufacture of ready to reconstitute coffee mix. The concentrated coffee decoction prepared using this mixture is to be blended with concentrated milk (30%TS) in the ratio of 1:5 and dried using vacuum tray dryer, tray dryer and freeze dryer. The coffee mix is vacuum-dried at 30 to 45 degrees Celsius with a vacuum of 600 to 650 mm of Hg, gives better quality of dried product. The optimized final product has better rheological and physico chemical characteristics. In present study found that ready to reconstitute coffee mix has solubility in hot water 26.4 seconds and 2.74 minutes in cold water at 16◦C. The freeze-dried coffee mix powder exhibited reduced flowability 42.08 seconds compare to vacuum try dried and tray-dried coffee mix power that was 47.41 and 46.27 seconds respectively. Same as bulk density of freeze-dried powder (0.64 g/cm3) found lowest compare to vacuum tray dried (0.78 g/cm3) and tray dried (0.82 g/cm3) coffee mix powder.
Pounding Nature into Profit with Sustainable Techniques for Crafting High-value Eco-print Products
Authors: Satria Vinza Hedi , Baihaqy Ahmad , Zuhroh Nur Fatimatuz , Laily Nur , Yahya Yahya
Published: June 2024

This study aims to provide a descriptive overview of the Eco-Print training conducted in Yosowilangun Village as part of the Community Empowerment Programs. The training, emphasizing the Eco-Print Pounding Technique, seeks to empower residents for livelihood creation through the sale of market-valued Eco-Print fabric. The training consists of three phase: First, preliminary meeting, main training event and evaluation meeting. Preliminary meeting is conducted to plan the preparation for the main training event, the Eco-print pounding technique training. While the evaluation meeting was conducted to evaluate the success of the event. Results indicate a comprehensive grasp of eco-printing concepts among participants. Through evaluation, the program also established communication through social networking service (SNS) groups as media for the participant to communicate. Despite concerns about physical exertion during the production phase, participants expressed a willingness to create eco-prints independently. Future strategies, discussed in dedicated meetings, prioritize enhancing participants' eco-print knowledge. Ultimately, this training equips Family Welfare Movement members for income generation and potential SME development, aligning with the eco-friendly of Eco-Print production.
Sonogashira coupling using PdEnCat™: a copper‐, phosphine‐, amine‐ and microwave‐free alternative to the preparation of arylalkynes
Authors: Barros José C. , Yaunner Ricardo S. , de Souza Andréa Luzia F. , da Silva Joaquim F. M. , Antunes Octavio A. C.
Published: October 2011

Sonogashira coupling of iodo‐ and bromoarenes and acetylenes using PdEnCat™ 30 in a phosphine‐, copper‐, amine‐, and microwave‐free system was developed, which allows for the preparation of a modulator of glutamate receptor mGluR5. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characterization of crosslinked poly(vinyl alcohol)‐based membranes with different hydrolysis degrees for their use as electrolytes in direct methanol fuel cells
Authors: Martínez‐Felipe A. , Moliner‐Estopiñán C. , Imrie C. T. , Ribes‐Greus A.
Published: October 2011

The effect of the degree of hydrolysis of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) substrates on the preparation and properties of crosslinked membranes prepared via esterification with sulfosuccinic acid (SSA) has been studied using attenuated total reflectance—Fourier transform spectroscopy (ATR–FTIR) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Three PVA substrates with degrees of hydrolysis of 89, 96, and 99% were crosslinked using SSA at high temperatures. FTIR spectroscopy revealed that esterification occurred in all the membranes and to some extent, prior to heat treatment. The final morphology of the membranes was dependent on both the SSA concentration and the composition of the PVA substrate. Thermogravimetric analysis showed an increase in the thermal stability of the PVA‐SSA membranes with respect to their PVA substrates arising from the formation of a crosslinked structure. In addition, TGA revealed the presence of free and tightly bound water in the PVA‐SSA membranes. Thermal treatment had a more pronounced effect on the properties of the PVA substrates having higher degrees of hydrolysis. The results from the swelling tests, the ionic exchange capacities (IEC) and the tests in DMFC monocells demonstrated that a balance between water and methanol selectivity and ionic conduction determines the potential of these materials to act as electrolytes in fuel cells. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
The clinical and functional outcome for patients with radiation‐induced soft tissue sarcoma
Authors: Riad Soha , Biau David , Holt Ginger E. , Werier Joel , Turcotte Robert E. , Ferguson Peter C. , Griffin Anthony M. , Dickie Colleen I. , Chung Peter W. , Catton Charles N. , O'sullivan Brian , Wunder Jay S.
Published: October 2011

BACKGROUND:

Radiation‐induced soft tissue sarcomas (RI‐STS) are rare, and it is believed that they are associated with a poor prognosis.The authors of this report compared the clinical and functional outcomes of adults who had extremity RI‐STS with the outcomes of adults with sporadic STS.

METHODS:

Forty‐four patients who were diagnosed with RI‐STS from 1989 to 2009 were identified from 4 prospectively collected databases. Patient demographics, surgical and adjuvant treatment parameters, and oncologic and functional outcomes were evaluated.

RESULTS:

The median latent period from irradiation of the primary condition to RI‐STS diagnosis was 16 years. The median radiotherapy dose used for the index condition was 45 gray. The median age at RI‐STS diagnosis was 56 years. The most common primary diagnoses were breast cancer (36.4%) and lymphoma (34.1%). The most common RI‐STS histologies were malignant fibrous histiocytoma (36.4%) and angiosarcoma (18.2%). Forty‐two patients underwent surgery, 13 patients received adjuvant radiotherapy, and 8 patients received adjuvant chemotherapy. Systemic metastases occurred in 50% of treated patients (n = 21), and 26% (n = 11) developed local recurrence, the risk of which was lower among patients who received reirradiation (P = .043). The 5‐year disease‐free interval (DFI) and overall survival (OS) rates for patients with RI‐STS who presented without metastasis were 36% and 44%, respectively. Patients who had International Union Against Cancer TNM stage III RI‐STS had a significantly worse DFI compared with patients who had stage III sporadic STS (multivariate analysis, P = .051). Eighteen patients with RI‐STS underwent functional assessment after surgery, and their results were comparable to those of patients with sporadic STS.

CONCLUSIONS:

Despite aggressive surgical treatment, patients who have RI‐STS remain at greater risk of both local and systemic recurrence compared with patients who have sporadic STS, but they can anticipate similar functional outcomes. Reirradiation can be relatively safe and effective if used properly. Cancer 2011. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Aberrant expression of microRNA 155 may accelerate cell proliferation by targeting sex‐determining region Y box 6 in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Xie Qing , Chen Xiangmei , Lu Fengmin , Zhang Ting , Hao Meili , Wang Yongfeng , Zhao Jingmin , McCrae Malcolm A. , Zhuang Hui
Published: October 2011

BACKGROUND:

Recent research has suggested that the oncomir microRNA 155 (miR‐155) is up‐regulated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In this study, the authors investigated the tumorigenic mechanism of this oncomir in the development of HCC.

METHODS:

Quantitative reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) was conducted to analyze the expressions of miR‐155 and its potential target genes in paired tumor tissues and adjacent tumor‐free tissues and in disease‐free liver tissue samples. The in silico predicted target genes of miR‐155 were assessed by dual‐luciferase reporting assay, real‐time RT‐PCR, and Western blot analyses. U6 promoters that drive miR‐155 precursor overexpression and miR‐155 tough decoy knock‐down constructs were used to study its affects on cell proliferation in vitro and on tumor formation in nude mice.

RESULTS:

Quantitative RT‐PCR demonstrated a gradual ascension of miR‐155 expression in cirrhotic liver tissues and in HCC tumor tissues compared with low expression levels in normal liver tissues. Ectopic expression of miR‐155 in HepG2 cells enhanced its tumorigenesis, whereas depletion of the endogenous miR‐155 reversed these tumorigenic properties. Ectopic expression of sex‐determining region Y box 6 (SOX6) was able to reverse the growth‐promoting property of miR‐155. Concordantly, the results demonstrated for the first time that SOX6 is a direct target of miR‐155. Further analysis revealed that SOX6 reduced cell growth by up‐regulating p21waf1/cip1 expression in a p53‐dependent manner. In addition, a decline in p21waf1/cip1 expression caused by miR‐155 could be reversed by SOX6 expression.

CONCLUSIONS:

The current data indicated that SOX6 is a novel target of miR‐155 and that miR‐155 enhances liver cell tumorigenesis at least in part through the novel miR‐155/SOX6/p21waf1/cip1 axis. These findings suggest that miR‐155 may be a potential target for HCC treatment. Cancer 2012. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Real‐time detection of hepatic micrometastases from pancreatic cancer by intraoperative fluorescence imaging
Authors: Yokoyama Naoyuki , Otani Tetsuya , Hashidate Hideki , Maeda Chiyo , Katada Tomohiro , Sudo Natsuru , Manabe Shoichi , Ikeno Yoshinobu , Toyoda Akira , Katayanagi Norio
Published: October 2011

BACKGROUND:

Recently, a highly sensitive fluorescent imaging technique was developed for the real‐time identification of hepatic tumors. The authors applied this procedure for the intraoperative detection of radiographically occult hepatic micrometastases from pancreatic cancer.

METHODS:

Forty‐nine consecutive patients with pancreatic cancer who underwent surgical intervention were examined. Preoperative clinical images had not revealed any hepatic metastases. On the day before surgery, indocyanine green was injected intravenously. During the operation, the liver was observed with a near‐infrared camera system, and abnormal fluorescent foci were examined by frozen‐section histology. The patients with hepatic micrometastases were judged to have unresectable disease and underwent only palliative surgery followed by systemic chemotherapy using gemcitabine.

RESULTS:

Abnormal hepatic fluorescence at least 1.5 mm in greatest dimension without any apparent tumor was observed in 13 patients. Among them, histologic examination confirmed micrometastases in 8 of 49 patients (16%). All patients with hepatic micrometastases had clinical T3 or T4 disease and high serum CA19‐9 levels (P = .042). On follow‐up computed tomography images that were obtained within 6 months after surgery, the patients with hepatic micrometastases manifested hepatic overt metastases (7 of 8 patients; 88%) more frequently than the patients without hepatic micrometastases (4 of 41 patients; 10%; P < .001). Regardless of histologic confirmation, the positive predictive value of abnormal fluorescence for the manifestation of hepatic relapse within 6 months was 77% (10 of 13 patients), and the negative predictive value was 97% (35 of 36 patients).

CONCLUSIONS:

Indocyanine green‐fluorescent imaging can detect hepatic micrometastases of pancreatic cancer during surgery. The hepatic micrometastases seem to have an adverse clinical impact identical to that of evident distant metastases. Cancer 2011. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Color Tuning in Photofunctional Proteins
Authors: Hasegawa Jun‐ya , Fujimoto Kazuhiro J. , Nakatsuji Hiroshi
Published: October 2011

Depending on protein environment, a single photofunctional chromophore shows a wide variation of photoabsorption/emission energies. This photobiological phenomenon, known as color tuning, is observed in human visual cone pigments, firefly luciferase, and red fluorescent protein. We investigate the origin of color tuning by quantum chemical calculations on the excited states: symmetry‐adapted cluster‐configuration interaction (SAC‐CI) method for excited states and a combined quantum mechanical (QM)/molecular mechanical (MM) method for protein environments. This Minireview summarizes our theoretical studies on the above three systems and explains a common feature of their color‐tuning mechanisms. It also discuss the possibility of artificial color tuning toward a rational design of photoabsorption/emission properties.
Esters of maleinized fatty compounds as plasticizers
Authors: Biermann Ursula , Jungbauer Anton , Metzger Jürgen O.
Published: October 2011

Some plant oil derived cyclohexane tricarboxylic acid triesters were synthesized and suggested as potential plasticizers based mainly on renewable feedstock. Methyl calendulate 1 and α‐eleostearate 2 obtained from calendula oil and tung oil, respectively, as well as methyl oleate 3 were used as starting material. Reactions with maleic anhydride gave the corresponding Diels–Alder adducts 4 and 5 and ene adduct 6, which were converted by ring‐opening reactions with various alcohols to the respective tricarboxylic acid triesters. Especially the cyclohexane tricarboxylic trimethyl triester 9 derived from Diels–Alder adduct 5 showed excellent absorption properties by PVC, superior to bis(2‐ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP). Moreover, the commercially available Diels–Alder adduct of CLA 7 (Admergin acid®) was ring‐opened with methanol showing an absorption by PVC that was still higher compared to triester 9 although the viscosity was significantly higher.
Protocol adherence in the intensive care unit
Authors: Drews Frank A. , Wallace Jane , Benuzillo Jose , Markewitz Boaz , Samore Matthew
Published: October 2011

Checklists and protocols have been successfully introduced into aviation with improved safety as a result of this effort. In recent years there have been attempts to introduce protocols and checklists to health care with the goal of improving patient safety. The present study investigates adherence to protocols in the intensive care unit (ICU) in a number of nursing tasks. The results of this work indicate that adherence to protocols varies dramatically between tasks. This finding suggests that adherence is often a function of task and equipment design. In addition, the context in which protocols are being used also potentially determines their success. Overall, the results indicate that protocols can be introduced in health care, but additional considerations have to be taken into account to ensure their successful application. © 2011Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Reactions of aroylthioureas with acetylenic esters and dibenzoyl ethylene. Selectivity towards the formation of new 1,3‐thiazines
Authors: Aly Ashraf A , Ahmed Essam K. , El‐Mokadam Khalad M.
Published: October 2011

magnified image

A series of 1,3‐thiazines has been synthesized by the reactions of N‐aroylsubstituted thioureas with ethyl propiolate, dimethyl but‐2‐ynedioate and (E)‐1,4‐diphenyl‐but‐2‐ene‐1,4‐dione. The reaction of antipyrinylphenyl thiourea with π‐deficient acetylenic reagents did not afford the corresponding 1,3‐thiazines, whereas pyrrolo‐pyrazolopyrimidines were obtained.
Pennsylvania patient safety authority blood specimen labeling collaborative
Authors: Shetterly Megan , Charney Fran
Published: October 2011

This article shares a recent Pennsylvania Patient Safety Authority collaborative effort among nine hospitals in the northeastern part of the state whose mission was to decrease the potential for mislabeling events. This collaborative was a journey down “a road less traveled.” Not many credible resources were out there to draw upon. But, those involved in this collaborative were persistent in their efforts. Through hard work and creativity they were able to identify and address areas for change and ultimately show a successful outcome.
T1ρ and T2 mapping reveal the in vivo extracellular matrix of articular cartilage
Authors: Nishioka Hiroaki , Hirose Jun , Nakamura Eiichi , Oniki Yasunari , Takada Koji , Yamashita Yasuyuki , Mizuta Hiroshi
Published: October 2011

Purpose:

To determine the relationship between changes in the extracellular matrix (ECM) and T1ρ and T2 values in vivo. The ECM is composed of proteoglycan (PG), collagen, and water. It has been unclear which of the ECM constituents affects T1ρ and T2 mapping in living human cartilage.

Materials and Methods:

Sagittal T1ρ and T2 maps were preoperatively obtained from 20 knee osteoarthritis patients. Osteochondral samples harvested from the resected tibial plateaus during total knee arthroplasty were consistent with the MRIs of the patients' knees. Parameters that included histological grading of cartilage degeneration, glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content (which constitutes PG), presence of collagen anisotropy and water content were evaluated along with T1ρ and T2 values, and statistical analysis was performed using multiple regression analysis.

Results:

T1ρ and T2 values were significantly correlated with the degree of cartilage degeneration (β = 0.397 and 0.357, respectively) and the GAG content (β = −0.340 and −0.244, respectively).

Conclusion:

The present study demonstrated that T1ρ and T2 values reflect the GAG content of the cartilage and can indicate cartilage degeneration in vivo. Use of these parameters can facilitate the noninvasive diagnosis and evaluation of cartilage degeneration. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2012;35:147‐155. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Patient tolerance of awake, in‐office laryngeal procedures: A Multi‐Institutional Perspective
Authors: Young VyVy N. , Smith Libby J. , Sulica Lucian , Krishna Priya , Rosen Clark A.
Published: October 2011

Objectives/Hypothesis:

An increasing number of laryngeal procedures are performed in the office. However, little is known about how well these procedures are tolerated and what factors determine success or failure.

Study Design:

Prospectively collected patient and physician surveys from five surgeons at two institutions describe patient tolerance of awake, in‐office laryngeal procedures (AIOLPs).

Methods:

There were 154 procedures performed in a 6‐month period, including vocal fold injection (VFI) (72%), laser treatment (19%), and transnasal esophagoscopy (3%). Average duration of procedure was 13 ± 8 minutes.

Results:

Patients reported an average of 37 of 100 on a discomfort scale, with 0 representing no discomfort and 100 representing maximal discomfort. Ninety‐three percent of patients would undergo another procedure, and 96% would recommend AIOLPs to other patients. Procedures were completed successfully in 92%. Most common surgeon‐reported difficulties included copious secretions and uncontrolled gag reflex. Procedures that involved such difficulties had a significantly lower rate of procedure completion, 73% vs. 96%, P = .0001. High preprocedure anxiety did not adversely impact patient comfort or procedure completion rate. There was no difference in discomfort scores based on VFI approach or patient familiarity with AIOLPs. There was a significant difference in discomfort score between patients with successful first‐approach VFI and those who required a change in VFI approach, 36.0 vs. 61.3, respectively, P = .003. The rate of requiring a second and third VFI approach was 4.6% and 2.8%, respectively.

Conclusions:

This study encompasses multiple diagnoses, procedures, VFI techniques, and methods of anesthesia. AIOLPs are exceptionally well tolerated by patients, resulting in extremely high completion and satisfaction rates.
A prospective study on quality of life and functional outcome in children and adolescents after malignant bone tumor surgery
Authors: Bekkering W. Peter , Vliet Vlieland Theodora P.M. , Koopman Hendrik M. , Schaap Gerard R. , Beishuizen Auke , Anninga Jacob K. , Wolterbeek Ron , Nelissen Rob G.H.H , Taminiau Antonie H.M.
Published: October 2011

Background

Few longitudinal data are available concerning quality of life (QoL) and functioning of young patients undergoing surgical procedures for malignant bone tumors around the knee joint. Aim of the present study was to evaluate patients' quality of life, functional ability, and physical activity during a 2‐year postoperative period.

Methods

This prospective study included patients who underwent surgery for a malignant bone tumor around the knee joint between 2004 and 2008. Assessments were done at 3, 6, 9, 12, 18, and 24 months after surgery. QoL was measured with the TNO‐AZL Children's or Adult's Quality of Life Questionnaires (TACQOL and TAAQOL), the Short Form‐36 (SF‐36) and Bone tumor (Bt)‐DUX; functional ability with the Toronto Extremity Salvage Scale (TESS), the 6‐minute walk test (6 MWT) and four functional performance tests; and physical activity with the Baecke questionnaire and the ActiLog® activity monitor. Statistical analysis included linear mixed model analysis.

Results

Forty‐four patients (27 males, 17 females, mean age 14.9 (SD 4.8) years) were included, 27 (61%) underwent limb‐salvage and 17 (39%) ablative surgery. Twenty patients were lost during the 2 years follow‐up as a consequence of oncological complications. Over the first year, survivors showed significant improvement of QoL, functional ability and physical activity, except for the mental dimension of the SF‐36 and the activity monitor results. Over the second year, these improvements were less pronounced.

Conclusions

In the first 2 years after bone tumor surgery, survivors improved significantly with respect to QoL, functional ability, and physical activity levels. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012; 58: 978–985. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Choroid plexus tumors; management, outcome, and association with the Li–Fraumeni syndrome: The Children's Hospital Los Angeles (CHLA) experience, 1991–2010
Authors: Gozali Alexa E. , Britt Barbara , Shane Lisa , Gonzalez Ignacio , Gilles Floyd , McComb J. Gordon , Krieger Mark D. , Lavey Robert S. , Shlien Adam , Villablanca Judith G. , Erdreich‐Epstein Anat , Dhall Girish , Jubran Rima , Tabori Uri , Malkin David , Finlay Jonathan L.
Published: October 2011

Background

Choroid plexus tumors (CPT) are rare, and predominate in early childhood. An association with the Li–Fraumeni syndrome (LFS) has been reported, but the biological and clinical implications of this association remain poorly defined. We have investigated the clinical features and overall survival of all CPT patients treated at Children's Hospital Los Angeles (CHLA) over a 20‐year period, with particular attention to the association of CPT with LFS.

Methods

A retrospective evaluation of the course of therapy and clinical outcome was undertaken on the 42 patients diagnosed with and treated for CPT at CHLA from January 1991 to December 2010. Any association with multiple primary tumors and family histories consistent with LFS was investigated in all patients.

Results

Six of the 42 patients (16.7%), demonstrated either phenotypic and/or genotypic characteristics consistent with LFS, with either a distinct family history of cancer, a synchronous diagnosis of a different type of cancer, or the subsequent development of metachronous cancers. Of 11 patients with choroid plexus carcinoma tested for TP53 germline mutations, four (36.4%) were positive. A single patient with a choroid plexus papilloma had phenotypic characteristics of LFS but tested negative for TP53.

Conclusions

Children with CPC appear to have a high frequency of TP53 germline mutations in association with LFS. This raises the question whether all children with CPC should be tested for TP53 germline mutations in order to institute screening to enhance early detection and treatment of subsequent cancers. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012; 58: 905–909. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The value of donor lymphocyte infusions in thalassemia patients at imminent risk of graft rejection following stem cell transplantation
Authors: Karasu Gulsun Tezcan , Yesilipek M. Akif , Karauzum Sibel Berker , Uygun Vedat , Manguoglu Esra , Kupesiz Alphan , Hazar Volkan
Published: October 2011

Background

The aim was to evaluate the feasibility of donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI) in transplanted patients with thalassemia who were at imminent risk of graft rejection (GR).

Procedure

We retrospectively evaluated outcomes in a cohort of 19 patients with thalassemia who received DLI following 21 transplantations. Patients were divided into three groups depending on indication and time of DLI: group I, mixed chimerism‐level‐3 (MC‐level‐3) within 2 months and subsequently receiving DLI; group II, MC‐level‐3 within 2 months and receiving deferred DLI beyond post‐transplant 2.5 months; group III, receiving DLI because of a gradual decrease in both donor cells and hemoglobin levels without MC‐level‐3 within 2 months.

Results

Three patients evolved to compete chimerism (16%), 9 patients had MC with transfusion independency (47%) and 7 had GR (37%). Three of 7 patients in group I, 1 of 4 patients in group II and 8 of 10 patients in group III preserved the graft. Although significant increases in the percentage of donor cells were not detected in group III, hemoglobin levels improved (median, 6.8–8.8 g/dl, P = 0.002).

Conclusion

The risk of GR is high in patients with thalassemia who have MC‐level‐3 within 2 months after transplantation. DLI is a feasible method for converting unstable MC towards stable MC or full donor chimerism, but its efficacy is partially related to the percentage of residual host cells at the time of infusion. Serial chimerism studies can identify unstable MC earlier and may guide the proper timing of intervention. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012; 58: 453–458. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Compatibility of Personality and Social Identity Processes: The Effect of Gender Identity on Neuroticism
Authors: Bergh Robin , Akrami Nazar , Ekehammar Bo
Published: October 2011

In an experimental study ( N = 186), we examined the effect of identity (gender versus personal) on participants‘ self–rated neuroticism and estimates of mean neuroticism for men and women. Self–rated neuroticism was measured before and after the identity salience manipulation. Following self–categorization theory, we predicted that identity salience would affect levels of self–rated neuroticism and the estimates (perceptions) of mean neuroticism for each sex. From a personality perspective, we expected substantial correlations between pre–manipulation and post–manipulation neuroticism scores in both identity conditions. The relation between participants‘ self–rated neuroticism and their estimates of mean neuroticism for their own sex was also examined. The effect of identity salience was unclear with regard to self–rated neuroticism levels, whereas the manipulation had apparent effects on estimated mean neuroticism levels for men and women. Also, self–rated neuroticism was found to predict estimates of mean neuroticism for men and women in the gender, but not personal, identity condition. Finally, in line with a personality perspective, the relative positions in self–rated neuroticism were highly stable in both conditions. The findings indicate a compatibility of self–categorization theory and personality perspectives and suggest that both are valuable to understand the changeability and stability of the self. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reproducibility of 24-h post-exercise changes in energy intake in overweight and obese women using current methodology
Authors: Brown Gemma L. , Lean Michael E. , Hankey Catherine R.
Published: October 2011

Direct observation(s) of energy intake (EI) via buffet meals served in the laboratory are often carried out within short-term exercise intervention studies. The reproducibility of values obtained has not been assessed either under resting control conditions or post-exercise, in overweight and obese females. A total of fourteen sedentary, pre-menopausal females (BMI 30·0 (sd5·1) kg/m2) completed four trials; two exercise and two control. Each trial lasted 24 h spanning over 2 d; conducted from afternoon on day 1 and morning on day 2. An exercise session to expend 1·65 MJ was completed on day 1 of exercise trials, and three buffet meals were served during each trial. Reproducibility of post-exercise changes in energy and macronutrient intakes was assessed at each individual buffet meal by intraclass correlation coefficient (ri). Only therivalues for post-exercise changes in energy (ri0·44 (95 % CI − 0·03, 0·77),P = 0·03) and fat intake (ri0·51 (95 % CI 0·04, 0·81),P = 0·02) at the lunch buffet meal achieved statistical significance; however, theserivalues were weak and had large associated 95 % CI, which indicates a large degree of variability associated with these measurements. Energy and macronutrient intakes at the breakfast and evening buffet meals were not reproducible. This study concludes that the frequently used laboratory-based buffet meal method of assessing EI does not produce reliable, reproducible post-exercise changes in EI in overweight and obese women.
First Aid and Harm Minimization for Victims of Road Trauma: A Population Study
Authors: Arbon Paul , Hayes Jo , Woodman Richard
Published: October 2011

Introduction: This project examined the use of first aid by bystanders at road traffic crashes (RTC) and was undertaken in the context of increasing average ambulance response times to RTC throughout Australia and the potential impact of early first aid intervention on the mortality and morbidity associated with RTC. The aim of this project was to acquire knowledge about the prevalence of first aid training; the incidence of being a bystander and of providing first aid; the range of first aid skills being utilized; the motivation to intervene; and, the perceived impact of first aid training.

Methods: An Internet-based survey was distributed to a potential population of 12,500 road users and a total of 773 responded. Descriptive and comparative statistical analysis of quantitative data and thematic analysis of qualitative data were completed.

Results: Seventy-seven percent (77%) of participants had first aid training at some stage in their lives; 28% held a current first aid certificate; 11% had provided first aid at RTC; 75.3% who had provided first aid were travelling in a vehicle. Having first aid training increased the likelihood of intervention and of owning a first aid kit or pocket mask.

Conclusions: First aid training, even if it is not current, is an enabler for providing first aid at RTCs. The first aid skills most commonly used were changing posture, opening an airway, and providing comfort and reassurance. Key concerns for first aiders included a feeling of a lack of follow-up, and lack of an opportunity to debrief. Strategies to increase first aid training, to improve information and support, and to increase the knowledge of first aider’s are discussed.
Internet and psychopathology: an analysis of the use of the Web by 1075 students at secondary school
Authors: Favaretto Gerardo , Morandin Idana , Gava Michele , Binotto Fabio
Published: October 2011

Aims – The purpose of this research is to make a contribution to analysing the complex issue of the relationship between Internet use and psychological disorders, and proposes a survey of the typical features and effects of such use among a sample of secondary school students. Pattern – The research was carried out on a sample of 1075 students aged 14-21 from two secondary schools, where students are prevalently male in one and female in the other; computer science is part of the teaching programme in both institutes. Instruments used – General Health Questionnaire (GHQ), Goldberg's 28-item version, together with a form to collect individual and social data and information about the actual use of Internet, such as number of years, number of hours a day/a week, subjective experience, quantitative-qualitative perception of the connection. Results – There is a clear and significant correlation between weekly hours of use and GHQ scores. Conclusions – Analysis of our sample confirms certain statements found in the relevant literature concerning a possible relationship between the use of Internet and psychological disorders.

Declaration of Interest: none.
Psychiatric disorders in primary care: why so many differences?
Authors: Piccinelli Marco
Published: October 2011

Riassunto

Scopo- (I) Operare una revisione critica degli studi che hanno indagato la frequenza dei disturbi psichici tra i pazienti della medicina generale, utilizzando come criterio un'intervista psichiatrica standardizzata; (II) discutere i possibili fattori all'origine delle diverse frequenze riscontrate; (III) mettere in luce il ruolo di primaria importanza che possono assolvere in questo campo gli studi multicentrici condotti grazie a programmi di collaborazione internazionale.Metodo- sono stati selezionati i lavori pubblicati nella letteratura internazionale tra il 1970 ed il 1993. La selezione è stata effettuata grazie ad una ricerca computerizzata, nel corso della quale sono stati incrociati idatabasesMEDLINE ePsychological Abstracts; questa è stata a sua volta integrata da una ricerca manuale, consistente neU'esame delle bibliografie contenute nei lavori cosi individuati e nella consultazione degli indici analitici delle principal! riviste psichiatriche internazionali. Infine, è stata consultata la bibliografia commentata, curata da Wilkinson (1985), relativa a lavori di interesse e pertinenza psichiatrici condotti nella medicina generale e pubblicati tra il 1977 ed il 1985.Risultati- Sono stati individuati 30 lavori, ma 9 sono stati esclusi, dal momento che replicavano dati già riportati in letteratura o presentavano limiti metodologici. È emerso cosi che indagini sulla frequenza complessiva dei disturbi psichici tra i soggetti che si rivolgevano ai servizi di medicina generale sono state finora condotte secondo procedure standardizzate solo in 13 Paesi. La frequenza dei disturbi psichici variava tra il 10% ed il 50% circa. Le possibili ragioni all'origine dellem diverse frequenze riscontrate sono state discusse alia luce di tre fattori: I) le caratteristiche dell'indagine; II) l'affidabilità e la confrontabilità delle categorie diagnostiche e dei sistemi nosografici utilizzati; e III) la diversa organizzazione dei servizi sanitari nei vari Paesi.Conclusioni- alia luce delle difficoltà che si incontrano quando si tenta di confrontare i risultati forniti da studi indipendenti condotti in Paesi diversi o perfino nello stesso Paese viene suggerito il ruolo di primaria importanza che possono assolvere in questo campo gli studi multicentrici condotti grazie a programmi di collaborazione internazionale.
Trauma and victims: epidemiology of post-traumatic stress disorder
Authors: de Girolamo Giovanni , Marchiori Elisabetta
Published: October 2011

Riassunto

Scopo- Presentare una esaustivareviewdegli studi riguardanti l'epidemiologia del DPTS condotti nella popolazione generale, tra i soggetti a rischio, e, infine, tra gruppi clinicamente selezionati.Disegno- AttraversoExcepta Medica PsychiatryCD-ROM 1980-1993 (ottobre), utilizzando come parola chiave «Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder», sono stati identificati 1.057 articoli pubblicati nel periodo considerate Sono stati anche consultati altridata basedella letteratura medica (MEDLINE CD-ROM 1988-1993); è stata quindi operata una ricerca manuale su tutti i numeri delJournal of Traumatic Stress. Risultati- In totale, 135 lavori che hanno soddisfatto i criteri di inclusione prescelti sono stati inclusi nella review. I due terzi (n = 86, 64%) di queste ricerche sono state condotte negli USA. Solo 8 (6%) sono le indagini effettivamente realizzate nei paesi del Terzo Mondo. L'ampiezza del campione varia da un minimo di 11 soggetti, numero riscontrato in due studi, sino ad un massimo di 22.436, per un campione medio di 500 e mediano di 108. Per quanto attiene ai metodi di valutazione, in un terzo degli studi (n = 45, 33%), i ricercatori hanno impiegato un questionario (auto- o etero- somministrato). In un altro terzo delle ricerche elencate (n = 44, 33%) e stata somministrata un'intervista strutturata (la DIS, la SCID, o la SADS), mentre nei rimanenti studi la valutazione diagnostica si è basata o su una procedura clinica non strutturata, o sulla somministrazione di altri strumenti specifici dai quali è possibile inferire una diagnosi di DPTS (M-PTSD, IES, SCL-90-R,o pochi altri). In 77 studi (57%) i ricercatori hanno basato la loro valutazione sui criteri diagnostici propri del DSM-III, mentre in altri 55 (41%) su quelli del DSM-III-R. La prevalenza del DPTS e analizzata quindi separatamente per le diverse popolazioni studiate.Conclusioni- Nell'arco di soli 13 anni, a partire cioe dalla definizione di criteri diagnostici operazionali ben definiti per il DPTS, sono stati condotti numerosi studi volti ad indagare la prevalenza, i fattori di rischio, la storia naturale, il decorso e l' esito di questo disturbo tra campioni diversi di popolazioni a rischio; inoltre, anche il livello qualitativo di queste ricerche, per quanto attiene alia sofisticazione metodologica, si è accresciuto sensibilmente in un tempo tutto sommato breve. Molte aree, pero', restano tuttora inesplorate, ed inoltre appare imperativo avviare ricerche estensive tra le popolazioni dei paesi in via di sviluppo, maggiormente esposte a disastri naturali o provocati dall'uomo.
Evaluating costs of mental illness in Italy. The development of a methodology and possible applications
Authors: Amaddeo Francesco , Bonizzato Paola , Rossi Franco , Beecham Jennifer , Knapp Martin , Tansella Michele
Published: October 2011

Riassunto

Scopo- Il presente lavoro, oltre a fare il punto sui più recenti sviluppi della valutazione economica degli interventi effettuati nel settore della salute mentale, propone una metodologia per la valutazione dei costi, applicable nella situazione assistenziale italiana, messa a punto tenendo conto degli sviluppi suddetti.Metodo e risultati- I presupposti per realizzare questo tipo di valutazione sono l'identificazione dei servizi sanitari e sociali offerti ai pazienti con disturbi psichici, la raccolta di dati sull'utilizzazione dei servizi sanitari (costi diretti) e sull'uso di altri servizi e risorse all'interno del sistema socio-economico (costi indiretti) e l'assegnazione di un valore monetario a tali costi. È stato quindi realizzato un elenco dettagliato degli interventi effettuati e delle attività svolte nei Servizi Psichiatrici Territoriali italiani, con particolare riferimento al Servizio di Verona-Sud. Di ciascuno/a di essi è stato stimato il costo (Lista dei Costi Unitari o LICU). Si è tenuto conto, inoltre, degli altri servizi socio-sanitari, pubblici e privati, disponibili sul territorio, degli interventi delle Forze dell'ordine, delle associazioni di volontariato e dei gruppi diself-help. In questo articolo vengono descritte, in dettaglio, le procedure che hanno portato alia quantificazione dei costi per tre di queste attività (le degenze in SPDC, le visite ambulatoriali ed i gruppi socio-riabilitativi). È stata inoltre sviluppata un'intervista (ICAP) per raccogliere i dati sull'utilizzazione dei servizi e sulle condizioni socio-economiche degli utenti. Per verificarne l'applicabilità, le eventuali difficoltà di comprensione e la durata di somministrazione, l'ICAP è stata testata in cinque pazienti.Conclusioni- Uno sviluppo particolarmente interessante ci sembra quello di utilizzare su vasta scala PICAP e la LICU, allo scopo di realizzare studiepidemiologically-basede poter predire ed analizzare i costi in relazione a variabili socio-demografiche, alia diagnosi, alia storia psichiatrica precedente ecc. È necessario sottolineare l'importanza, per le politiche e la pratica sanitaria, di un'analisi combinata di costi, bisogni ed esito (outcome). Una ricerca di questo tipo è attualmente in corso a Verona-Sud.