bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lithium Chloride and GSK3 Inhibition Reduce Aquaporin-2 Expression in Primary Cultured Inner Medullary Collecting Duct Cells Due to Independent Mechanisms
Authors: Kaiser Marc , Edemir Bayram
Published: April 2020

Lithium chloride (LiCl) is a widely used drug for the treatment of bipolar disorders, but as a side effect, 40% of the patients develop diabetes insipidus. LiCl affects the activity of the glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3), and mice deficient for GSK3β showed a reduction in the urine concentration capability. The cellular and molecular mechanisms are not fully understood. We used primary cultured inner medullary collecting duct cells to analyze the underlying mechanisms. LiCl and the inhibitor of GSK3 (SB216763) induced a decrease in the aquaporin-2 (Aqp2) protein level. LiCl induced downregulation of Aqp2 mRNA expression while SB216763 had no effect and TWS119 led to increase in expression. The inhibition of the lysosomal activity with bafilomycin or chloroquine prevented both LiCl- and SB216763-mediated downregulation of Aqp2 protein expression. Bafilomycin and chloroquine induced the accumulation of Aqp2 in lysosomal structures, which was prevented in cells treated with dibutyryl cyclic adenosine monophosphate (dbcAMP), which led to phosphorylation and membrane localization of Aqp2. Downregulation of Aqp2 was also evident when LiCl was applied together with dbcAMP, and dbcAMP prevented the SB216763-induced downregulation. We showed that LiCl and SB216763 induce downregulation of Aqp2 via different mechanisms. While LiCl also affected the mRNA level, SB216763 induced lysosmal degradation. Specific GSK3β inhibition had an opposite effect, indicating a more complex regulatory mechanism.
Self-Organized In-Depth Gradients in Highly Ti-Doped ZnO Films: Thermal Versus MW Plasma Annealing
Authors: Ramadan Rehab , Fernández-Ruiz Ramón , Manso Silván Miguel
Published: April 2020

Highly Ti-doped ZnO films have been produced by a spin-casting sol-gel process. The spin-casted films show high in plane homogeneity and optical quality. However, when inspected in depth, the surface composition is Ti rich. We show that two possible annealing processes can be considered depending on the properties to exploit. To promote in-depth homogenization, thermal annealing processes have been applied. Meanwhile, the gradients can be exacerbated, thanks to a non-negligible surface sputtering, by applying microwave (MW) plasma treatments with Ar discharges at different pressures. The microstructural properties of the differently processed films have been obtained prior to a study by grazing incidence X-ray fluorescence (GI-XRF) spectroscopy, which reveals the in-depth composition trends induced by the two alternative annealing procedures. The final wetting, electrical and optical properties of the films are described in accordance with the Ti distribution pattern revealed by GI-XRF. The study underlines for the first time how MW plasma annealing processes can be used to exacerbate self-induced atomic gradients in sol-gel films with potential implications in catalytic and biomedical applications.
Fabrication of CoFe2O4 Nanowire Using a Double-Pass Porous Alumina Template with a Large Range of Pore Diameters
Authors: Chen Wei , Zheng Hui , Hu Dongping , Wu Qiong , Zheng Peng , Zheng Liang , Zhang Yang
Published: April 2020

In this work, CoFe2O4 nanowire was fabricated by using a self-designed double-pass porous alumina template. The double-pass porous alumina template was prepared by a two-step oxidation method using a mixed acid (phosphoric acid and oxalic acid) electrolyte and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) filler. The combustion of aluminum foil at a high voltage has been effectively resolved by using this mixed acid electrolyte. Additionally, the range of pore diameters has been obviously increased to 230–400 nm by using PMMA as the filler, which can prevent contact between the pore and solution when removing the barrier layer. Subsequently, CoFe2O4 ferrite nanowire arrays were successfully fabricated into the double-pass porous alumina template by an electrochemical deposition method, and show an anisotropic feature of magnetic properties.
Niche Models Differentiate Potential Impacts of Two Aquatic Invasive Plant Species on Native Macrophytes
Authors: Verhoeven Michael R. , Glisson Wesley J. , Larkin Daniel J.
Published: April 2020

Potamogeton crispus (curlyleaf pondweed) and Myriophyllum spicatum (Eurasian watermilfoil) are widely thought to competitively displace native macrophytes in North America. However, their perceived competitive superiority has not been comprehensively evaluated. Coexistence theory suggests that invader displacement of native species through competitive exclusion is most likely where high niche overlap results in competition for limiting resources. Thus, evaluation of niche similarity can serve as a starting point for predicting the likelihood of invaders having direct competitive impacts on resident species. Across two environmental gradients structuring macrophyte communities—water depth and light availability—both P. crispus and M. spicatum are thought to occupy broad niches. For a third dimension, phenology, the annual growth cycle of M. spicatum is typical of other species, whereas the winter-ephemeral phenology of P. crispus may impart greater niche differentiation and thus lower risk of native species being competitively excluded. Using an unprecedented dataset comprising 3404 plant surveys from Minnesota collected using a common protocol, we modeled niches of 34 species using a probabilistic niche framework. Across each niche dimension, P. crispus had lower overlap with native species than did M. spicatum; this was driven in particular by its distinct phenology. These results suggest that patterns of dominance seen in P. crispus and M. spicatum have likely arisen through different mechanisms, and that direct competition with native species is less likely for P. crispus than M. spicatum. This research highlights the utility of fine-scale, abundance-based niche models for predicting invader impacts.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Derived Biomarkers of IDH Mutation Status and Overall Survival in Grade III Astrocytomas
Authors: Feraco Paola , Bacci Antonella , Ferrazza Patrizia , van den Hauwe Luc , Pertile Riccardo , Girlando Salvatore , Barbareschi Mattia , Gagliardo Cesare , Morganti Alessio Giuseppe , Petralia Benedetto
Published: April 2020

The evaluation of the isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutation status in the glioma decision-making process has diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic implications. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) can noninvasively predict the most common IDH mutational status (R132H) in GIII-astrocytomas and the overall survival (OS). Hence, twenty-two patients (9-F, 13-M) with a histological diagnosis of GIII-astrocytoma and evaluation of IDH-mutation status (12-wild type, 10-mutant) were retrospectively evaluated. Imaging studies were reviewed for the morphological feature and mean ADC values (ADCm). Statistics included a Fisher’s exact test, Student’s t-test, Spearman’s Test and receiver operating characteristic analysis. A p ≤ 0.05 value was considered statistically significant for all the tests. A younger age and a frontal location were more likely related to mutational status. IDH-wild type (Wt) exhibited a slight enhancement (p = 0.039). The ADCm values in IDH-mutant (Mut) patients were higher than those of IDH-Wt patients (p < 0.0004). The value of ADC ≥ 0.99 × 10−3 mm2/s emerged as a “cut-off” to differentiate the mutation state. In the overall group, a positive relationship between the ADCm values and OS was detected (p = 0.003; r = 0.62). Adding quantitative measures of ADC values to conventional MR imaging could be used routinely as a noninvasive marker of specific molecular patterns.
Dried Blood Spot in Laboratory: Directions and Prospects
Authors: Malsagova Kristina , Kopylov Artur , Stepanov Alexander , Butkova Tatyana , Izotov Alexander , Kaysheva Anna
Published: April 2020

Over the past few years, dried blood spot (DBS) technology has become a convenient tool in both qualitative and quantitative biological analysis. DBS technology consists of a membrane carrier (MC) on the surface of which a biomaterial sample becomes absorbed. Modern analytical, immunological or genomic methods can be employed for analysis after drying the sample. DBS has been described as the most appropriate method for biomaterial sampling due to specific associated inherent advantages, including the small volumes of biomaterials required, the absence of a need for special conditions for samples’ storage and transportation, improved stability of analytes and reduced risk of infection resulting from contaminated samples. This review illustrates information on the current state of DBS technology, which can be useful and helpful for biomedical researchers. The prospects of using this technology to assess the metabolomic profile, assessment, diagnosis of communicable diseases are demonstrated.
Circulating Tumor Cells Enumerated by a Centrifugal Microfluidic Device as a Predictive Marker for Monitoring Ovarian Cancer Treatment: A Pilot Study
Authors: Kim Hyera , Lim Minji , Kim Jin Young , Shin So-Jin , Cho Yoon-Kyoung , Cho Chi Heum
Published: April 2020

We investigated the size-based isolation and enumeration of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) using a centrifugal microfluidic device equipped with a fluid-assisted separation technology (FAST) disc. We further assessed the correlations among CTCs, cancer antigen-125 (CA125) levels, and clinical course of the disease in a prospective analysis of 47 serial blood samples collected at multiple time-points from 13 ovarian cancer patients. CTCs were isolated from whole blood using the FAST disc and were classified as epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM)/cytokeratin+, CD45−, and 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI)+. Mean CTC count at baseline was 20.2; 84.62% of patients had more than one CTC at baseline and had decreased CTCs counts after surgery and chemotherapy. The CTC counts in eight patients with complete responses were <3. CTC counts were correlated with CA125 levels in three patients without recurrence; they were elevated in three patients with recurrence and normal CA125 concentrations. CTC counts and CA125 levels showed high concordance with directional changes (increasing 71.4%; non-increasing 75.0%). CTC counts showed higher associations with clinical status, sensitivity (100.0% vs. 60.0%), positive predictive value (55.6% vs. 42.9%), and negative predictive value (100.0% vs. 87.5%) than CA125 levels. CTC counts were better associated with treatment response and recurrence than CA125 levels.
A Study on Non-Linear DPL Model for Describing Heat Transfer in Skin Tissue during Hyperthermia Treatment
Authors: Sharma Sunil Kumar , Kumar Dinesh
Published: April 2020

The article studies the simulation-based mathematical modeling of bioheat transfer under the Dirichlet boundary condition. We used complex non-linear dual-phase-lag bioheat transfer (DPLBHT) for analyzing the temperature distribution in skin tissues during hyperthermia treatment of infected cells. The perfusion term, metabolic heat source, and external heat source were the three parts of the volumetric heat source that were used in the model. The non-linear DPLBHT model predicted a more accurate temperature within skin tissues. The finite element Runge–Kutta (4,5) (FERK (4,5)) method, which was based on two techniques, finite difference and Runge–Kutta (4,5), was applied for calculating the result in the case of our typical non-linear problem. The paper studies and presents the non-dimensional unit. Thermal damage of normal tissue was observed near zero during hyperthermia treatment. The effects of the non-dimensional time, non-dimensional space coordinate, location parameter, regional parameter, relaxation and thermalization time, metabolic heat source, associated metabolic heat source parameter, perfusion rate, associated perfusion heat source parameter, and external heat source coefficient on the dimensionless temperature profile were studied in detail during the hyperthermia treatment process.
A Load Balancing Algorithm for Mobile Devices in Edge Cloud Computing Environments
Authors: Lim JongBeom , Lee DaeWon
Published: April 2020

As current data centers and servers are growing in size by orders of magnitude when needed, load balancing is a great concern in scalable computing systems, including mobile edge cloud computing environments. In mobile edge cloud computing systems, a mobile user can offload its tasks to nearby edge servers to support real-time applications. However, when users are located in a hot spot, several edge servers can be overloaded due to suddenly offloaded tasks from mobile users. In this paper, we present a load balancing algorithm for mobile devices in edge cloud computing environments. The proposed load balancing technique features an efficient complexity by a graph coloring-based implementation based on a genetic algorithm. The aim of the proposed load balancing algorithm is to distribute offloaded tasks to nearby edge servers in an efficient way. Performance results show that the proposed load balancing algorithm outperforms previous techniques and increases the average CPU usage of virtual machines, which indicates a high utilization of edge servers.
Design of an Observer-Based Architecture and Non-Linear Control Algorithm for Cogging Torque Reduction in Synchronous Motors
Authors: Dini Pierpaolo , Saponara Sergio
Published: April 2020

The problem of cogging torque is due to a magnetic behavior, intrinsic to synchronous machines and due to the presence of permanent magnets themselves. Cogging torque is a significant problem when the servo drive is used for applications where high precision in terms of position control is required. In this paper we present a method of cogging torque reduction by means of a control technique based on mathematical modeling of the cogging phenomenon itself in order to exploit this knowledge directly in the controller design. The mathematical model is inserted in the dynamic model of the synchronous machine in order to exploit the feedback linearization, providing an expression of the control law in which the contribution of the deterministic knowledge of the phenomenon is directly present. The cogging phenomenon physically depends on the angular position of the rotor, as well as the deterministic model we use to define the control vector. This makes it interesting and innovative to determine whether the control algorithm can be inserted within a sensor-less architecture, where rotor position and angular velocity measurements are not available. For this purpose, we present the use of an extended Kalman filter (EKF) in the continuous-time domain, discussing the advantages of an observer design based on a dynamic motor model in three-phase and direct-square axes. Results are presented through very accurate simulation for a trajectory-tracking problem, completing with variational analysis in terms of variation of initial conditions between EKF and motor dynamics, and in terms of parametric variation to verify the robustness of the proposed algorithm. Moreover, a computational analysis based on Simulink Profiler is proposed, which provides some indication for possible implementation on an embedded platform.
Approaches for Modelling the Physical Behavior of Technical Systems on the Example of Wind Turbines
Authors: Stetter Ralf
Published: April 2020

Models of technical systems are an essential means in design and product-development processes. A large share of technical systems, or at least subsystems, are directly or indirectly connected with the generation or transformation of energies. In design science, elaborated modelling approaches were developed for different levels of product concretization, for instance, requirement models and function models, which support innovation and new product-development processes, as well as for energy-generating or -transforming systems. However, on one product-concretization level, the abstract level that describes the physical behavior, research is less mature, and an overview of the approaches, their respective advantages, and the connection possibilities between them and other modelling forms is difficult to achieve. This paper proposes a novel discussion structure based on modelling perspectives and digital-engineering frameworks. In this structure, current approaches are described and illustrated on the basis of an example of a technical system, a wind turbine. The approaches were compared, and their specific advantages were elaborated. It is a central conclusion that all perspectives could contribute to holistic product modelling. Consequently, combination and integration possibilities were discussed as well. Another contribution is the derivation of future research directions in this field; these were derived both from the identification of “white spots” and the most promising modelling approaches.
Influence of the Meteorological Record Length on the Generation of Representative Weather Files
Authors: Libralato Michele , Murano Giovanni , De Angelis Alessandra , Saro Onorio , Corrado Vincenzo
Published: April 2020

Heat and moisture (HM) transfer simulations of building envelopes and whole building energy simulations require adequate weather files. The common approach is to use weather data of reference years constructed from meteorological records. The weather record affects the capability of representing the real weather of the resulting reference years. In this paper the problem of the influence of the length of the records on the representativeness of the reference years is addressed and its effects are evaluated also for the applicative case of the moisture accumulation risk analysis with the Glaser Method and with DELPHIN 6, confirming that records shorter than 10 years could lead to less representative reference years. On the other hand, it is shown that reference years obtained from longer periods are not representative of the most recent years, which present higher dry-bulb air temperatures due to a short-term climate change effect observed in all the considered weather records. An alternative representative year (Moisture Representative Year) to be used in building energy simulations with a strong dependence on moisture is presented.
System Designs and Experimental Assessment of a Seven-Mode Vehicle-Oriented Hybrid Powertrain Platform
Authors: Chang Chun-Hsin , Chang Hsuan-Yung , Hung Yi-Hsuan , Wu Chien-Hsun , Xu Ji-Jia
Published: April 2020

This study developed a mechatronics platform for a seven-mode vehicle-oriented powertrain system. The innovative “all-in-one” concept was used for flexibly arranging various power or energy sources to be combined for various hybrid powertrains. Hence, it significantly reduces the cost and human resources for evaluating new-type power systems or developed vehicle control strategies on the same experimental platform. In this study, three power sources were chosen for providing hybrid power. The first source is a 125 c.c. spark ignition (SI) engine, where a controllable throttle valve governs the output torque, while a fuel meter measures the consumed fuel. The second one is a 1.5kW hub motor, where a motor control unit (MCU) and a 48V lithium battery pack properly provide the required electric power. The third source is an air engine, where a 220V air compressor and other components provide the pneumatic power. For the experimental platform, a developed Matlab/Simulink package receives the measured signals and sends the control commands to actuators. Through the on/off state control of three controllable e-clutches, three single-source modes, three dual-source modes, and one three-source mode (3+3+1) can be conducted. A 1.1kW/24V magnetic powder brake emulates the road load. The results show that three dual-source modes and a three-source mode were successfully operated. The efficiencies, torques and speeds, mass flow rates, etc. have been measured and calculated. This platform is aimed for the research fields of green energies, advanced powertrains, and power flow management.
Dynamic Mechanical Compression Impulse of Lithium-Ion Pouch Cells
Authors: Ratner Alon , Beaumont Richard , Masters Iain
Published: April 2020

Strain rate sensitivity has been widely recognized as a significant feature of the dynamic mechanical properties of lithium-ion cells, which are important for their accurate representation in automotive crash simulations. This research sought to improve the precision with which dynamic mechanical properties can be determined from drop tower impact testing through the use of a diaphragm to minimize transient shock loads and to constrain off-axis motion of the indenter, specialized impact absorbers to reduce noise, and observation of displacement with a high speed camera. Inert pouch cells showed strain rate sensitivity in an increased stiffness during impact tests that was consistent with the poromechanical interaction of the porous structure of the jellyroll with the liquid electrolyte. The impact behaviour of the inert pouch cells was similar to that of an Expanded Polypropylene foam (EPP), with the exception that the inert pouch cells did not show hysteretic recovery under the weight of the indenter. This suggests that the dynamic mechanical behaviour of the inert pouch cells is analogous to a highly damped foam.
An Epigenetics-Based Hypothesis of Autoantigen Development in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Brooks Wesley
Published: April 2020

Currently, we have a limited understanding of mechanisms leading to systemic lupus erythematosus, but we know that genetics, environmental factors, and epigenetics contribute to the disease. One common aspect of the various environmental triggers is that they can cause cellular stress. When extraordinary stress occurs, such as viral activation, a cell’s response can include increased nucleolar volume and activity to produce more machinery (e.g., ribosomes) to help the cell recover. However, nucleolar expansion can disrupt the epigenetic control in neighboring heterochromatin that comprises the nucleolar shell. This disruption can open underlying vulnerabilities that provoke an autoimmune reaction. Here, we review the “X chromosome-nucleolus nexus” hypothesis, which explains how nucleolar stress can disrupt epigenetically silenced chromatin, especially the neighboring inactive X chromosome (aka the nucleolar satellite). Chromatin disruption can lead to the expression of sequestered DNA, such as Alu elements and fully functional LINE-1 reverse transcriptase genes. In addition, Alu transcripts can disrupt the nucleolar structural integrity, leading to nucleolar disintegration. Such disintegration can leave nucleolar components and products in autoantigenic forms, such as abnormal conformations or incomplete macromolecular assemblies. Recent research on DNA sensing pathways can now be incorporated into the hypothesis to provide further details explaining how autoantibodies to endogenous nucleic acids arise.
Selection and Validation of Reference Genes for the qRT-PCR Assays of Populus ussuriensis Gene Expression under Abiotic Stresses and Related ABA Treatment
Authors: Wei Ming , Chen Yingxi , Zhang Mengqiu , Yang Jingli , Lu Han , Zhang Xin , Li Chenghao
Published: April 2020

Populus ussuriensis Kom. is one of the most important tree species for forest renewal in the eastern mountainous areas of Northeast China due to its fast growth, high yield, and significant commercial and ecological value. The selection of optimal reference genes for the normalization of qRT-PCR data is essential for the analysis of relative gene expression. In this study, fourteen genes were selected and assessed for their expression stability during abiotic stress (drought, high salinity, and cold stress) and after the treatment with the drought-related hormone ABA. Three algorithms were used, geNorm, NormFinder, and BestKeeper, and a comprehensive ranking of candidate reference genes was produced based on their output. The most appropriate reference genes were UBQ10 and RPL24 for drought and ABA treatment, UBQ10 and TUB3 for cold stress, and UBQ10 and 60S rRNA for high salinity. Overall, UBQ10 was the most stable reference gene for use as an internal control, whereas PP2A was the least stable. The expression of two target genes (P5CS2 and GI) was used to further verify that the selected reference genes were suitable for gene expression normalization. This work comprehensively assesses the stability of reference genes in Populus ussuriensis and identifies suitable reference genes for normalization during qRT-PCR analysis.
Influence of Shear-Thinning Blood Rheology on the Laminar-Turbulent Transition over a Backward Facing Step
Authors: Kelly Nathaniel S. , Gill Harinderjit S. , Cookson Andrew N. , Fraser Katharine H.
Published: April 2020

Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death globally and there is an unmet need for effective, safer blood-contacting devices, including valves, stents and artificial hearts. In these, recirculation regions promote thrombosis, triggering mechanical failure, neurological dysfunction and infarctions. Transitional flow over a backward facing step is an idealised model of these flow conditions; the aim was to understand the impact of non-Newtonian blood rheology on modelling this flow. Flow simulations of shear-thinning and Newtonian fluids were compared for Reynolds numbers ( R e ) covering the comprehensive range of laminar, transitional and turbulent flow for the first time. Both unsteady Reynolds Averaged Navier–Stokes ( k − ω SST) and Smagorinsky Large Eddy Simulations (LES) were assessed; only LES correctly predicted trends in the recirculation zone length for all R e . Turbulent-transition was assessed by several criteria, revealing a complex picture. Instantaneous turbulent parameters, such as velocity, indicated delayed transition: R e = 1600 versus R e = 2000, for Newtonian and shear-thinning transitions, respectively. Conversely, when using a Re defined on spatially averaged viscosity, the shear-thinning model transitioned below the Newtonian. However, recirculation zone length, a mean flow parameter, did not indicate any difference in the transitional Re between the two. This work shows a shear-thinning rheology can explain the delayed transition for whole blood seen in published experimental data, but this delay is not the full story. The results show that, to accurately model transitional blood flow, and so enable the design of advanced cardiovascular devices, it is essential to incorporate the shear-thinning rheology, and to explicitly model the turbulent eddies.
Climatological Drought Forecasting Using Bias Corrected CMIP6 Climate Data: A Case Study for India
Authors: Shrestha Alen , Rahaman Md Mafuzur , Kalra Ajay , Jogineedi Rohit , Maheshwari Pankaj
Published: April 2020

This study forecasts and assesses drought situations in various regions of India (the Araveli region, the Bundelkhand region, and the Kansabati river basin) based on seven simulated climates in the near future (2015–2044). The self-calibrating Palmer Drought Severity Index (scPDSI) was used based on its fairness in identifying drought conditions that account for the temperature as well. Gridded temperature and rainfall data of spatial resolution of 1 km were used to bias correct the multi-model ensemble mean of the Global Climatic Models from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) project. Equidistant quantile-based mapping was adopted to remove the bias in the rainfall and temperature data, which were corrected on a monthly scale. The outcome of the forecast suggests multiple severe-to-extreme drought events of appreciable durations, mostly after the 2030s, under most climate scenarios in all the three study areas. The severe-to-extreme drought duration was found to last at least 20 to 30 months in the near future in all three study areas. A high-resolution drought index was developed and proven to be a key to assessing the drought situation.
An Integrative Phenotype–Genotype Approach Using Phenotypic Characteristics from the UAE National Diabetes Study Identifies HSD17B12 as a Candidate Gene for Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Hachim Mahmood Y. , Aljaibeji Hayat , Hamoudi Rifat A. , Hachim Ibrahim Y. , Elemam Noha M. , Mohammed Abdul Khader , Salehi Albert , Taneera Jalal , Sulaiman Nabil
Published: April 2020

The United Arab Emirates National Diabetes and Lifestyle Study (UAEDIAB) has identified obesity, hypertension, obstructive sleep apnea, and dyslipidemia as common phenotypic characteristics correlated with diabetes mellitus status. As these phenotypes are usually linked with genetic variants, we hypothesized that these phenotypes share single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-clusters that can be used to identify causal genes for diabetes. We explored the National Human Genome Research Institute-European Bioinformatics Institute Catalog of Published Genome-Wide Association Studies (NHGRI-EBI GWAS) to list SNPs with documented association with the UAEDIAB-phenotypes as well as diabetes. The shared chromosomal regions affected by SNPs were identified, intersected, and searched for Enriched Ontology Clustering. The potential SNP-clusters were validated using targeted DNA next-generation sequencing (NGS) in two Emirati diabetic patients. RNA sequencing from human pancreatic islets was used to study the expression of identified genes in diabetic and non-diabetic donors. Eight chromosomal regions containing 46 SNPs were identified in at least four out of the five UAEDIAB-phenotypes. A list of 34 genes was shown to be affected by those SNPs. Targeted NGS from two Emirati patients confirmed that the identified genes have similar SNP-clusters. ASAH1, LRP4, FES, and HSD17B12 genes showed the highest SNPs rate among the identified genes. RNA-seq analysis revealed high expression levels of HSD17B12 in human islets and to be upregulated in type 2 diabetes (T2D) donors. Our integrative phenotype-genotype approach is a novel, simple, and powerful tool to identify clinically relevant potential biomarkers in diabetes. HSD17B12 is a novel candidate gene for pancreatic β-cell function.
Soil–Structure Interaction Assessment of the 23 November 1980 Irpinia-Basilicata Earthquake
Authors: Mina Daniele , Forcellini Davide
Published: April 2020

This paper aimed to present a systematic study of the effects caused by the strong earthquake that struck southern Italy on 23 November 1980 (Ms = 6.9) and affected the Campania and Basilicata regions. Two aspects are discussed here: The broadening of the knowledge of the response site effects by considering several soil free-field conditions and the assessment of the role of the soil–structure interaction (SSI) on a representative benchmark structure. This research study, based on the state-of-the-art knowledge, may be applied to assess future seismic events and to propose new original code provisions. The numerical simulations were herein performed with the advanced platform OpenSees, which can consider non-linear models for both the structure and the soil. The results show the importance of considering the SSI in the seismic assessment of soil amplifications and its consequences on the structural performance.
Hospital-Based Preliminary Observations of Dietary Intake and Physical Activity in Saudi Patients with Colorectal Polyps: A Call for Nutrition Care Integration after Polypectomy Procedure
Authors: Alkhaldy Areej Ali
Published: April 2020

Aim: In Saudi Arabia, the incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) is increasing. Lifestyle modification, including diet and physical activity, is as important as the standard procedure of colonoscopy screening in reducing CRC development. I explored the dietary intake, physical activity, and selected nutritional biomarkers in Saudi patients with colorectal polyps, a precursor of CRC. Methods: Thirty polypectomy patients (aged 35–84 years) were recruited from an endoscopy unit at King Abdulaziz University Hospital. Demographic, anthropometric, physical activity, and food frequency data were collected. Plasma C-reactive protein, serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D, and folate levels were measured. Results: The median body mass index (BMI) of the patients was within the overweight cut-off range. The median consumption of carbohydrate and protein was within the recommended dietary allowance (RDA). Median fat consumption was above the RDA, while median fiber intake was below the RDA. Patients met the recommended servings/day of fruits, vegetables, dairy products, and protein but exceeded the recommended intake of fats and sweets. Most patients were non-active, with an inadequate level of serum vitamin D. Conclusion: We observed several risk factors previously associated with CRC, including low levels of physical activity, serum vitamin D, and fiber intake, and high BMI and fat intake among polypectomy patients.
What Is New about the Exposome? Exploring Scientific Change in Contemporary Epidemiology
Authors: Canali Stefano
Published: April 2020

In this commentary, I discuss the scientific changes brought by the exposome, asking what is new about this approach and line of research. I place the exposome in a historical perspective, by analyzing the conditions under which the exposome has been conceived, developed and established in the context of contemporary epidemiological research. I argue that the exposome has been developed by transferring approaches, methods and conceptualizations from other lines of research in the life and health sciences. I thus discuss the conceptual and methodological innovations of the exposome as a result of the merging and adaptation of these elements for new uses and purposes. On this basis, I argue that the novelty of the exposome should be seen in incremental rather than revolutionary terms and, in this sense, the exposome shares significant elements with other projects and repertoires in postgenomics. I conclude by discussing the consequences of this analysis for the potential limitations and future development of exposome research.
Effects of the Healthy Children, Healthy Families, Healthy Communities Program for Obesity Prevention among Vulnerable Children: A Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Choo Jina , Yang Hwa-Mi , Jae Sae-Young , Kim Hye-Jin , You Jihyun , Lee Juneyoung
Published: April 2020

Background: We aimed to examine whether the Healthy Children, Healthy Families, and Healthy Communities Program, consisting of multi-level strategies for obesity prevention tailoring the context of socioeconomically vulnerable children based on an ecological perspective, would be effective on improving their healthy lifestyle behaviors and obesity status. Methods: Participants were 104 children (and 59 parents) enrolled in public welfare systems in Seoul, South Korea. Based on a cluster-randomized controlled trial (no. ISRCTN11347525), eight centers were randomly assigned to intervention (four centers, 49 children, 27 parents) versus control groups (four centers, 55 children, 32 parents). Multi-level interventions of child-, parent-, and center-level strategies were conducted for 12 weeks. Children’s healthy lifestyle behaviors and obesity status were assessed as daily recommended levels and body mass index ≥85th percentile, respectively. Parents’ parenting behaviors were measured by the Family Nutrition and Physical Activity scale. Results: Compared to the control group, the intervention group showed significant improvements in total composite scores of healthy-lifestyle behaviors—including 60-min of moderate physical activity—but not in obesity status among children. Moreover, the intervention group showed significant improvements in parenting behaviors among parents. Conclusion: The multi-level strategies for obesity prevention based on an ecological perspective may be effective for promoting healthy lifestyles among socioeconomically vulnerable children.
The Effects of Performance of Public Sector Health System on Quality of Life in China: Evidence from the CGSS2015
Authors: Sun Zongfeng , Li Jintao
Published: April 2020

The determinants of quality of life can be social, economic, cultural, and governmental, to name a few. Prior research has shown that demographic factors and social support can have a significant impact on an individual’s quality of life. This research attempts to examine the effects of public sector health system performance on individuals’ quality of life in China, measured by (1) self-reported health, (2) depressed mood, and (3) happiness. The targeted population was individuals aged 18 and above. The primary data was collected from the CGSS2015 (Chinese General Social Survey 2015), and the National Statistical Yearbook was also used. Using various statistical models, this study finds that the correlation coefficients of government performance in providing healthcare for patients on quality of life are 0.144, 0.167, and 0.328, respectively. The more satisfied with medical care and public health delivered by the government, the higher the level of quality of life. In addition, the relationship between government expenditure on public health service and quality of life is positively significant. These findings are robust after weighting methods are used. The performance of the Public Sector Health System has a significantly positive association with quality of life in China.
Work-to-Family Conflict, Job Burnout, and Project Success among Construction Professionals: The Moderating Role of Affective Commitment
Authors: Cao Jiming , Liu Cong , Zhou Yubin , Duan Kaifeng
Published: April 2020

This study explored the effects of work-to-family conflict on job burnout and project success in the construction industry. First, a theoretical model with affective commitment as a moderating variable was developed according to the conservation of resources theory. A structured questionnaire survey was then performed with Chinese construction professionals, with 309 valid responses received. In the valid data, the proportion of male construction professionals is 73% and that of female construction professionals is 27%. The analysis of the valid data used structural equation modeling. The results indicate that: (i) work-to-family conflict has a positive and significant effect on job burnout, and a negative and significant effect on project success; (ii) job burnout negatively affects project success; (iii) affective commitment negatively moderates the relationship between work-to-family conflict and job burnout. This study extends the existing body of knowledge on work-to-family conflict and helps us to better understand the functional and moderating roles of affective commitment in the context of construction projects. Furthermore, this study provides theoretical guidance and a decision-making reference to help construction enterprises manage the work-to-family conflict and job burnout of construction professionals and advance their levels of affective commitment.
Psychosocial Risk, Work-Related Stress, and Job Satisfaction among Domestic Waste Collectors in the Ho Municipality of Ghana: A Phenomenological Study
Authors: Lissah Samuel Yaw , Ayanore Martin Amogre , Krugu John , Ruiter Robert A. C.
Published: April 2020

Domestic waste collectors play key roles in the collection and disposal of solid waste in Ghana. The work environment and conditions under which domestic waste collectors operate influence their job satisfaction ratings and health outcomes. This study investigated psychosocial risk factors, work-related stress and job satisfaction needs among municipal solid waste collectors in the Ho Municipality of Ghana. A phenomenological design was applied to collect data among 64 domestic waste collectors, 12 managers, and 23 supervisors of two waste companies in Ho Municipality, Ghana. Data were collected from June–August 2018 using in-depth interview and focus group discussion guides. Interviews were supplemented by field observations. Data were analyzed using inductive and deductive content procedures to form themes based on the study aim. Four themes emerged from the study. The study results revealed that domestic waste collector’s poor attitudes and safety behaviors such as not wearing personal protective equipment, poor enforcement of safety standards by supervisors and managers, and work-related stress caused by poor working environments impact negatively on domestic waste collector’s health and safety. Other factors such as poor enforcement of standard company regulations, poor work relations, non-clear work roles, lack of social protection to meet medical needs, poor remuneration, negative community perceptions of domestic waste collectors job, work environments, and workloads of domestic waste collectors were reported to negatively impact on work stress and job satisfaction needs. In conclusion, the findings are important in informing the necessary waste management policies aimed at improving decent work environments, as well as improving the health and well-being of domestic waste collectors in both the formal and informal sectors in Ghana.
Comparison of the Physical Demands of Friendly Matches and Different Types On-Field Integrated Training Sessions in Professional Soccer Players
Authors: Giménez Jesus Vicente , Castellano Julen , Lipinska Patrycja , Zasada Mariusz , Gómez Miguel-Ángel
Published: April 2020

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships among physical demands of two friendly matches (FMs) and three task training sessions (TS1,2,3) combining in a different way: a Small-Sided Game (SSG), Mini-Goals (MG), a ball Circuit Training (CT) and a Large-Sided Game (LSG): SSG+MG+LSG (TS1), SSG+CT+LSG (TS2) and MG+CT+LSG (TS3). The TS and match demands in running intensities were monitored in fourteen professional soccer players (age = 23.2 ± 2.7 years, height = 178 ± 6 cm, body mass = 73.2 ± 6.9 kg, mean and SD, respectively) using 10-Hz global positioning system devices, and players’ perception of exertion was recorded after each session or match using a visual analogue scale. A one-way repeated measures ANOVA with a Bonferroni correction coupled with magnitude-based inferences were used. A principal component (PC) analysis was conducted on all variables to account for covariance. Three PCs were retained, explaining 76% of the variance: Component 1 explained 46.9% with the associated variables: Total Distance (TD) and distance covered in ranges of speed from >2.2 to <5 m/s, Player Load and Work Rest Ratio; component 2 explained 19.7% and was composed of TD at > 5 m/s and maximal running speed (MRS); and component 3 explained 9.5% and was represented by TD < 2.2 m/s, decelerations and accelerations. The ANOVA results showed significant differences (p < 0.05) among TS vs. FM in TD3, TD4, TD5, and TD > 5, TD, deceleration rate, acceleration rate, maximal running speed, exertion index, work rest ratio, and self-reported exertion. Therefore, the training routines did not replicate the main set of high intensity efforts experienced in competitive conditions. Additionally, PC analysis could be applied in order to select the most representative training and competitive conditions.
The Effects of Biofeedback Training and Smartphone-Delivered Biofeedback Training on Resilience, Occupational Stress, and Depressive Symptoms among Abused Psychiatric Nurses
Authors: Hsieh Hsiu-Fen , Huang I-Chin , Liu Yi , Chen Wen-Ling , Lee Yi-Wen , Hsu Hsin-Tien
Published: April 2020

Psychiatric ward (PW) nurses are at a higher risk to encounter workplace violence than are other healthcare providers, and many interventions have been developed to improve their mental health. We compared the effectiveness of biofeedback training (BT) and smartphone-delivered BT (SDBT) interventions on occupational stress, depressive symptoms, resilience, heart rate variability, and respiration rate in a sample of abused PW nurses. This was a quasi-experimental study. Structured questionnaires were administered before and six weeks after the intervention. Data were collected from April 2017 to October 2017. A total of 159 abused PW nurses were randomly assigned to BT, SDBT, and control groups, and 135 of them completed all processes of our protocol, with the study consisting of 119 females (88.1%) and 16 males (11.9%) and their age range being from 22 to 59 with the mean age of 35.61 and a standard deviation of 8.16. Compared to the controls, both the BT and the SDBT intervention groups experienced significant improvements in depressive symptoms, resilience, and respiration rate; and the SDBT group experienced significant reductions in occupational stress. Considering the cost, accessibility, restrictions time and space, SDBT be used as an effective intervention in people with resilience or occupational stress.
The Use of Digital Health in the Detection and Management of COVID-19
Authors: Alwashmi Meshari
Published: April 2020

Digital health is uniquely positioned to enhance the way we detect and manage infectious diseases. This commentary explores the potential of implementing digital technologies that can be used at different stages of the COVID-19 outbreak, including data-driven disease surveillance, screening, triage, diagnosis, and monitoring. Methods that could potentially reduce the exposure of healthcare providers to the virus are also discussed.
Obstetricians’ and Gynecologists’ Communication Practices around Smoking Cessation in Pregnancy, Secondhand Smoke and Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS): A Survey
Authors: Sontag Jennah M. , Singh Binu , Ostfeld Barbara M. , Hegyi Thomas , Steinberg Michael B. , Delnevo Cristine D.
Published: April 2020

Secondhand smoke (SHS) is a potential direct cause of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) among infants. Disparities in SHS exposure and SIDS deaths may be due to inconsistent communication among practitioners about SHS/SIDS risks. In order to assess current SHS/SIDS risks and communication practices and to identify areas of improvement, we conducted a survey of 316 obstetricians and gynecologists (ob/gyns) about the length of time spent having discussions, supplemental materials used, risks covered, cessation, and frequency of discussions. Most (55.3%) reported spending 1–4 min discussing risks/cessation. Nearly a third reported not using any supplemental materials; few used apps (4.4%) or videos (1.9%). Assisting patients with steps toward cessation was infrequent. Few ob/gyns had discussions with patients immediately postpartum. Only 51.9% strongly agreed that they felt sufficiently informed about SHS/SIDS risks to educate their patients. The communication by ob/gyns of SHS/SIDS risk varies greatly and presents opportunities for improvement. Each additional minute spent having discussions and the use of supplemental materials, such as apps, may improve communication effectiveness. The discussion of smoking behaviors immediately postpartum may help to prevent smoker relapse. An increased awareness of statewide cessation resources by ob/gyns is needed to assist patients with cessation. The development of standardized risk messaging may reduce the variation in communication practices among ob/gyns.
Perceptions on Connecting Respite Care Volunteers and Caregivers
Authors: Campos-Romero Solange , Herskovic Valeria , Fuentes Carolina , Abarca Esmeralda
Published: April 2020

The most common requirement for informal caregivers is to experience a respite or temporary break from their caregiving routine. Some initiatives have been undertaken to provide respite care through volunteer providers. We report on a qualitative study carried out in Santiago, Chile, to learn about the willingness of potential volunteers to provide respite care for bedridden older persons, as well as their willingness to use information and communication technologies (ICT) to connect to caregivers in a low-income neighbourhood within their own geographic district. A trustworthy institution that mediates the volunteer–caregiver relationship is considered to be important by potential volunteers. Potential volunteers were found to be willing to use ICT to provide respite care, sharing basic information about themselves. However, they were also aware of the digital skill gap that may exist between them and the caregivers and were distrustful of unknown websites that could connect them to care recipients.