bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Falcon gut microbiota is shaped by diet and enriched in Salmonella
Authors: Ahmad Anique R. , Ridgeway Samuel , Shibl Ahmed A. , Idaghdour Youssef , Jha Aashish R.
Published: January 2024

The gut microbiome is increasingly being appreciated as a master regulator of animal health. However, avian gut microbiome studies commonly focus on birds of economic importance and the gut microbiomes of raptors remain underexplored. Here we examine the gut microbiota of 29 captive falcons—raptors of historic importance—in the context of avian evolution by sequencing the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene. Our results reveal that evolutionary histories and diet are significantly associated with avian gut microbiota in general, whereas diet plays a major role in shaping the falcon gut microbiota. Multiple analyses revealed that gut microbial diversity, composition, and relative abundance of key diet-discriminating bacterial genera in the falcon gut closely resemble those of carnivorous raptors rather than those of their closest phylogenetic relatives. Furthermore, the falcon microbiota is dominated by Firmicutes and contains Salmonella at appreciable levels. Salmonella presence was associated with altered functional capacity of the falcon gut microbiota as its abundance is associated with depletion of multiple predicted metabolic pathways involved in protein mass buildup, muscle maintenance, and enrichment of antimicrobial compound degradation, thus increasing the pathogenic potential of the falcon gut. Our results point to the necessity of screening for Salmonella and other human pathogens in captive birds to safeguard both the health of falcons and individuals who come in contact with these birds.
Meme-ing Malawi’s 2019 presidential election: Humour, hope and disillusionment
Authors: Ngwira Emmanuel , Brighton Lester Chisale
Published: January 2024

On 21 May 2019, Malawi went to the polls to elect leaders in what turned out to be highly contested presidential, parliamentary and local government elections. Compared to previous elections, the 2019 tripartite elections also featured highly on social media. Focusing on the presidential election, this article analyses how these elections were depicted in popular imagination particularly in internet memes. Our contention is that the internet memes, and by extension, other popular art forms of that period, constitute a humorous, but highly significant documentation, of the key events of that election. The memes reflect hopes, aspirations and disillusionment that characterized the 2019 polls. In terms of conceptual framework, we draw on the theory of visual rhetoric alongside scholarship on internet memes as both humour and political discourse.
Overcoming the Challenges of Data Lack, Leakage, and Dimensionality in Intrusion Detection Systems: A Comprehensive Review
Authors:   University Putra Malaysia, Bouke Mohamed , Abdullah Azizol , Udzir Nur , Samian Normalia
Published: January 2024

The Internet of Things (IoT) and cloud computing are rapidly gaining momentum as decentralized internet-based technologies and have led to an increase in information in nearly every technical and commercial industry. However, ensuring the security of IoT systems is a pressing issue due to the complexities involved in connected and shared environments. Networks are guarded by Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) against various cyber threats such as malware, viruses, and unauthorized access. IDS have recently adopted Machine Learning (ML) and Deep Learning (DL) techniques to identify and classify security risks. However, the effective utilization of these technologies depends on the availability, quality, and characteristics of the data used to train models. Moreover, data lack, data leak, and dimensionality (DLLD) are common problems in data science and ML. This paper surveys existing research and suggests solutions for overcoming DLLD-related issues to improve IDS model.
The Role of Pan-Slavism in Modernizing the Russian Empire: The Slavic Benevolent Committee and the Development of an Alternative Philosophy of History
Authors: Bondarchuk Margaryta
Published: January 2024

Anyhistorical inquiry into nations and states in the nineteenth century is forcedto interact with the teleological assumption that modern states had to benation states. Any empire is considered ipso facto ‘backwards’ and ‘ahistorical’. Thisarticle posits that this teleological assumption is itself a product ofnineteenth century, specifically of Hegel’s Philosophy of History. This article seeks to show how in an attempt to resolve the exclusion of the Russian Empire from Western philosophy of history, a group of Russian Pan-Slavist intellectuals, associated with the Slavic Benevolent Committee, developed an alternative, Slav philosophy of history. According tothis philosophy, the Russian Empire was not simply included into history but wasidentified as the harbinger of its completion, thus being reconceptualised asmodern. In order to reconstruct the Slav philosophy of history, I focus on the intellectualactivity of the Slavic Benevolent Committee, 1858-1878, with an in-depthanalysis of two publications: Cyrillo-MethodianAlmanac (1865) andthe first volume of the History of the Moscow Slavic Benevolent Committee (1871).Finally, I look at the ways in which the Moscow Ethnographic Exhibition 1867 wasdesigned to reflect the Slav philosophy of history.@font-face{font-family:"Cambria Math";panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4;mso-font-charset:0;mso-generic-font-family:roman;mso-font-pitch:variable;mso-font-signature:-536870145 1107305727 0 0 415 0;}@font-face{font-family:DengXian;panose-1:2 1 6 0 3 1 1 1 1 1;mso-font-alt:等线;mso-font-charset:134;mso-generic-font-family:auto;mso-font-pitch:variable;mso-font-signature:-1610612033 953122042 22 0 262159 0;}@font-face{font-family:Calibri;panose-1:2 15 5 2 2 2 4 3 2 4;mso-font-charset:0;mso-generic-font-family:swiss;mso-font-pitch:variable;mso-font-signature:-536859905 -1073732485 9 0 511 0;}@font-face{font-family:"\@DengXian";panose-1:2 1 6 0 3 1 1 1 1 1;mso-font-charset:134;mso-generic-font-family:auto;mso-font-pitch:variable;mso-font-signature:-1610612033 953122042 22 0 262159 0;}p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal{mso-style-unhide:no;mso-style-qformat:yes;mso-style-parent:"";margin:0cm;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:DengXian;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}.MsoChpDefault{mso-style-type:export-only;mso-default-props:yes;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:DengXian;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}div.WordSection1{page:WordSection1;}
Use of evidence and expertise in UK climate governance : The case of the Cumbrian Coal Mine
Authors: Willis Rebecca
Published: January 2024

There is a clear scientific consensus that no new coal mines can be developed, if the Paris Agreement to limit global temperature rises is to be met. Yet in December 2022, following a lengthy Public Inquiry, the UK Government approved the development of Woodhouse Colliery in Cumbria. In doing so, it accepted the claim that the coal mine would be ‘zero carbon’, and could even result in lower global emissions overall. As this paper demonstrates, there is no independent evidence to support these claims, whilst a large body of independent evidence comes to the opposite conclusion. This paper uses the example of Woodhouse Colliery to examine the use of evidence and expertise in climate governance processes. It finds that the nature of expertise and evidence is not properly considered, and that there is ambiguity and confusion surrounding the implementation of the UK’s climate legislation, particularly the Climate Change Act. It also finds that the ways in which the decision-making process solicited and assessed evidence was flawed, promoting a ‘false balance’. This ambiguity and false balance provide scope for developers to argue the case for destructive developments, even while claiming adherence to climate ambitions. The paper concludes by suggesting reforms to governance processes, to provide a more transparent and credible implementation of policies to achieve the UK’s net zero target. Suggested reforms include clearer rules governing fossil fuel phase-out; greater transparency and better handling of conflicts of interest in decision-making; and devolution of climate responsibilities to local areas.
Development of sarcoidosis after successful treatment of Cushing’s disease
Authors: Zakharova P. A. , Ilovayskaya I. A. , Terpigorev S. A. , Komerdus I. V. , Lugovskaya A. Yu.
Published: January 2024

Cushing’s disease is a rare severe neuroendocrine disorder caused by chronic overproduction of adrenocorticotropic hormone by a pituitary tumor. Supraphysiological concentrations of cortisol in endogenous hypercortisolism have an immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory effect similar to therapy with systemic glucocorticosteroids. This may reduce the activity of the patient’s concomitant autoimmune inflammatory diseases. On the other hand, a decrease in cortisol levels during treatment for Cushing’s disease may be associated with a reactivation of the immune system that pose a risk of onset or recurrence of an autoimmune disorder. We present our own clinical case demonstrating the development of sarcoidosis after surgical treatment of Cushing’s disease.
Um Cinema Nacional de Projecção Internacional: António Lopes Ribeiro nas décadas de 1930 e 1940
Authors: Ribeiro Carla
Published: January 2024

António Lopes Ribeiro foi uma figura-chave do cinema português ao longo de mais de três décadas. Neste artigo, sigo o percurso do realizador desde meados dos anos 1920 até finais da II Guerra Mundial, apresentando e analisando os diversos projectos em que se envolveu com o intuito de criar um cinema nacional de projecção internacional. A chegada do sonoro fortaleceu este anseio. Para garantir a sustentabilidade económica da indústria cinematográfica e uma produção contínua Lopes Ribeiro acreditava ser necessário ampliar a distribuição para além dos mercados tradicionais, i.e. as colónias e as comunidades de emigração portuguesa no Brasil. Metodologicamente, esta investigação serve-se de documentos do fundo do Secretariado Nacional da Informação e do Arquivo Salazar, bem como outras fontes primárias, sobretudo hemerográficas, como o Diário de Lisboa e a Animatógrafo, revista especializada em cinema, além de um conjunto de cartas de Lopes Ribeiro dirigidas a António Ferro, provenientes da Fundação Quadros.
O “Projetor de Terceiro Mundo” de Kidlat Tahimik: Revolução, subjetividade e voz em Why is Yellow the Middle of the Rainbow? (1994)
Authors: Camacho Leal Bruno
Published: January 2024

Neste artigo, discuto a importância de Why is Yellow the Middle of the Rainbow? (1994), do realizador filipino Kidlat Tahimik (n. 1942), no contexto da representação documental em filme de processos revolucionários e de resistência pós-colonial nas Filipinas. O trabalho centra-se nas duas linhas narrativas que percorrem a estrutura dramática do filme: uma que se reporta aos últimos anos da ditadura de Ferdinand Marcos (1971-1986) e à chamada Revolta do Poder Popular (1983-1986), e outra, referente a um retrato íntimo da família do realizador durante esse período, que enaltece a subjetividade de Tahimik e do seu filho. Baseando-me no conceito de “documentário performativo” de Bill Nichols (2001), analiso como a introdução de uma dimensão pessoal dentro da memória coletiva se presta a uma adesão emocional mais profunda ao universo fílmico por parte do espectador. Por fim, exploro a convergência – e eventual discórdia – do realizador em relação aos pressupostos do Terceiro Cinema de Fernando Solanas e Octavio Getino (1969), nomeadamente no que concerne à adoção de uma determinada ética de produção e de um determinado foco temático, corporizados neste filme por aquilo que o autor designa como “projetor de Terceiro Mundo”.
Três personagens trágicos da II Guerra Mundial tombam na paisagem
Authors: Dobal Susana
Published: January 2024

A partir da análise de três filmes – Uma Vida Oculta (Terrence Malick, 2019), Ascensão (Larisa Shepitko, 1977) e Hiroshima Meu Amor (Alain Resnais, 1959) – o artigo investiga como o conceito do trágico tem implicações que ligam o cinema à história e como a noção de paisagem contribui para a construção do drama dos protagonistas. Apesar de produzidos em países e épocas diferentes, os três filmes estão ambientados na II Guerra Mundial e têm em comum a condição trágica de seus personagens expressa na vontade de emancipação em confronto com o momento histórico do Nazismo. A paisagem é um outro elemento em comum que funciona de maneira diegética na contextualização do enredo, mas a forma como ela é apresentada em cada caso sugere uma presença com implicações mais profundas do que as que costumamos associar a um simples cenário. O artigo conclui que a noção do trágico também se pode materializar em paisagens cinematográficas.
Examination of Mathematics Concepts in the Third Grade Life Sciences Textbook According to Mathematics Acquirements from the 3rd Grade to the 8th Grade
Authors: ŞARA HÜRSOY Perihan , YALÇIN Doğan
Published: January 2024

The aim of the research is to determine the mathematical concepts in the third-grade life science textbook and to examine the relationship between these concepts and the mathematics achievements of the students from the third grade to the eighth grade. Document analysis technique, one of the qualitative research methods, was used in the research. As a document, the Pacific Publishing 3rd grade Life science textbook provided to public schools by the Ministry of National Education in 2021 was examined. In data analysis, descriptive and content analysis techniques were used according to the nature of the sub-purposes. In the study, as a result of examining the life science lesson in terms of mathematical concepts, "locating and drawing", "data analysis", "time calculations" and "basic mathematics knowledge" were determined as the themes. Categories related to these themes and related mathematical concepts forming the categories were determined in terms of unit and topic distribution. Four categories were determined in the research. These are “Direction and sketch drawing”, “table and graphic interpretation”, “time units" and “mathematical literacy and four operations”. When the units are evaluated together, it has been determined that there are 19 concepts related to mathematics in the third-grade life science textbook. It has been observed that "data analysis" has been found to be the theme most strongly linked to mathematics achievement, and it persists as a spiral of maths success across all grade levels.
The effectiveness of comprehension-based visual arts instruction and production-based flashcard instruction in young English language learners’ vocabulary acquisition and retention
Authors: Milosavljevic Maja , Reynolds Barry Lee
Published: January 2024

Research on young English language learners has been gaining popularity in recent years, but to this day remains underdeveloped. The present study aimed to add to this body of research by exploring the effects of visual arts activities implemented via comprehension and compared to more commonly used flashcard activities implemented via comprehension-based instruction on young English language learners’ vocabulary acquisition and retention. The study specifically focused on very young learners who do not have access to the English language outside of the classroom. This study employed a within-subjects counterbalanced design with young English language learners (N = 47) with a mean age of three years and eight months. The results provided evidence that both instruction types are highly effective in the productive and receptive learning of vocabulary among young English language learners. Furthermore, the positive effects of visual arts activities implemented via comprehension-based instruction on vocabulary retention were found to be significantly higher than those of the production-based instruction.
Fredholm weighted composition operators between weighted lp
spaces: A simple process point of view
Authors: Cardona-Gutierrez Juan D. , Ramos Fernández Julio C. , Salas-Brown Margot
Published: January 2024

In this paper we analyze, from a mathematical point of view, a simple processes with input in

l
p

⁢

(
𝐫
)

{l^{p}(\mathbf{r})}

and output in

l
p

⁢

(
𝐬
)

{l^{p}(\mathbf{s})}

. We characterize the functions

u
:

ℕ
→
ℂ

{u:\mathbb{N}\to\mathbb{C}}

and

φ
:

ℕ
→
ℕ

{\varphi:\mathbb{N}\to\mathbb{N}}

which define weighted composition operators

W

φ
,
u

{W_{\varphi,u}}

having closed range when acting between two different weighted

l
p

{l^{p}}

spaces. We also analyze when this operator is upper or lower semi-Fredholm.
Ways of seeing and discourse strategies of naming the novel coronavirus in the US and Hong Kong
Authors: Li Neville Chi Hang , Lee Carmen , Jones Rodney H.
Published: January 2024

The naming of the novel coronavirus was notably one of the most politically sensitive aspects of the pandemic. After former US President Donald Trump began using the term “Chinese Virus” in March 2020, partisans with different tribal affiliations in various countries and regions rushed to formulate arguments for and against using geographically marked and racially charged labels when referring to the virus. Informed by the principles of critical discourse analysis, this article analyses the naming of the virus in the US and Hong Kong, where similar practices of naming served the interests of very different political tribes and ideological agendas. It focuses on different aspects of meaning, i.e. analytic and synthetic, and the argumentation strategies various interpretive communities used to legitimize particular naming practices. It argues that it is not just certain practices of naming, but also certain practices of reasoning about names that comes to index different tribal loyalties.
The bidirectionality of epistemological theft and appropriation: contrastive rhetoric in China
Authors: Liu Lixin , You Xiaoye
Published: January 2024

Postcolonial critiques of contrastive rhetoric (CR) have called our attention to epistemological theft and appropriation in the field of second language (L2) writing. Published in Anglophone venues in the Global North, these critiques reveal that early contrastive rhetoricians dispossessed non-Western people from their ownership over certain knowledges, methodologies, and practices by normalizing their language, fixing their culture, and speaking for them. These critiques have contributed to a decolonial reckoning in L2 writing. To understand how the reckoning has impacted L2 writing in the Global South, this paper examines CR scholarship published in Chinese-language venues. The study reveals that while Chinese scholars are not unfamiliar with the decolonial reckoning, they have continued to embrace the traditional CR framework. By doing so, they took part in the epistemological theft and appropriation by reenacting the appropriation of students’ writings and narratives and interpreting them in ways that fit Western knowledges and perspectives. Their acts of epistemological theft and appropriation include racializing Chinese students as inferior to White native speakers, portraying Chinese language and culture as static and inferior, and celebrating CR as a means to solving students’ problems in English writing. Chinese scholars’ acts were motivated by their national identity being defined in opposition to the West and the complicity of capitalism and nationalist discourse in China, a reality that poses challenges in decolonizing L2 writing.
Standardisation and harmonisation of thyroid-stimulating hormone measurements: historical, current, and future perspectives
Authors: Cowper Ben , Lyle Alicia N. , Vesper Hubert W. , Van Uytfanghe Katleen , Burns Chris
Published: January 2024

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) is an important clinical marker in the diagnosis and management of thyroid disease. TSH measurements are reported in milli-International Units per Litre (mIU/L), traceable to a World Health Organisation (WHO) reference material. There is a wide variety of commercial immunoassays for TSH measurements available, which have historically been poorly harmonised due to a lack of commutability of the WHO reference materials with patient samples. This led to the recent development of a serum-based reference panel for TSH, traceable to the WHO reference material, available via the International Federation for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (IFCC), aimed at harmonisation of TSH immunoassays. This report describes recent developments in the TSH reference system, including establishment of the 4th WHO International Standard for TSH, and aims to clarify the relationship between the available reference materials and their intended uses. This 4th WHO IS is widely available and defines the unit of TSH activity, therefore its continued existence is of paramount importance, however it continues to show a lack of commutability with patient in many TSH immunoassays. This makes the C-STFT TSH panel, albeit available in restricted numbers, a critical resource to ensure better TSH assay harmonisation.
The Common Language of Chemistry
Authors: Heydenrych Greta
Published: January 2024

Every two years, IUPAC partners with one of our member associations to host chemists from all over the world and to organise the World Chemistry Congress. In the August 2023, I had the extraordinary privilege to attend IUPAC|CHAINS in The Hague, organized by the Royal Netherlands Chemical Society. The Congress was accompanied by the IUPAC General Assembly and Council Meeting, two key events on the IUPAC biennial calendar, and I was present at both for the very first time.
Global Partnerships Provide a Path to Sustainability
Authors: McConnell Laura L.
Published: January 2024

Sometimes one idea can change the course of your life. It happened for me in the Fall of my sophomore year at the College of Charleston. A lecture delivered by Dr. Frank Kinard, my professor and mentor at the College of Charleston, inspired me to pursue a career in environmental chemistry. Frank was a beloved professor at College of Charleston for 41 years who also served as secretary of the American Chemical Society Division of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology for 17 years. More importantly, he loved working with and mentoring students [1].
Decision support system to evaluate a vandalized and deteriorated oil pipeline transportation system using artificial intelligence techniques. Part 2: analysis of the operational and economic risk
Authors: Cid-Galiot Jonathan Josue , Aguilar-Lasserre Alberto Alfonso , Pastor Rodríguez-Jarquín José , Badillo-Márquez Alina Evelyn , Adam-Medina Manuel
Published: January 2024

The changing supply and demand of hydrocarbons in recent years, generated by inflation, pandemics, and wars, have impacted its price considerably, developing limitations in maintenance processes in the oil industry worldwide; however, the mechanical deterioration of facilities due to corrosion does not stop. This article contributes original to the knowledge and management of a pipeline transportation system (PTS) without an immediate high impact that would help reduce property loss due to corrosion through the development of intelligent evaluation models that combine field data, laboratory, and cognitive knowledge in a case study in Mexico. The research is divided into Part 1 (Modeling; https://doi.org/10.1515/corrrev-2021-0080) and Part 2 (Operational and economic risk analysis of PTS under corrosive effects, using Monte Carlo simulation, MCS), supported by information and knowledge of 564 km of soils, from cathodic protection studies, essential to determine corrosive profiles of the PTS, considering supply and demand effects, with 1095 data on the price of the Mexican mixture from 2016 to 2019, as well as data monthly inflation rates for the same period, to generate financial estimates representative of the system, in search of replicable exchange actions and practices in international fields.
Exploring synthesis as a vital cognitive skill in complex clinical diagnosis
Authors: Wijayaratne Dilushi , Weeratunga Praveen , Jayasinghe Saroj
Published: January 2024

Clinicians employ two main cognitive approaches for diagnoses, depending on their expertise. Novices typically use linear hypothetico-deductive methods, while experts rely more on intuitive pattern recognition. These closely correspond to System 1 and System 2 thinking described in behavioral economics. We propose that complex cases additionally require the cognitive skill of synthesis, to visualize and understand the connections between various elements. To illustrate the concept, we describe a 60-year-old individual with a 6 h history of chest pain, fever, cough, accompanying chronic heart failure, atrial fibrillation, COPD, thyrotoxicosis, and ischemic heart disease. Faced with such a scenario, a bedside approach adapted by clinicians is to generate a list of individual diagnoses or pathways of pathogenesis, and address them individually. For example, this cluster could include: smoking causing COPD, IHD leading to chest pain and heart failure, and thyrotoxicosis causing atrial fibrillation (AF). However, other interconnections across pathways could be considered: smoking contributing to IHD; COPD exacerbating heart failure; IHD and pneumonia triggering atrial fibrillation; thyrotoxicosis and AF, independently worsening heart failure; COPD causing hypoxemia and worsening ventricular function. The second cluster of explanation offers a richer network of relationships and connections across disorders and pathways of pathogenesis. This cognitive process of creatively identifying these relationships is synthesis, described in Bloom’s taxonomy of the cognitive domain. It is a crucial skill required for visualizing a comprehensive and holistic view of a patient. The concept of synthesis as a cognitive skill in clinical reasoning warrants further exploration.
Performance analysis and effective modeling of a solar photovoltaic module based on field tests
Authors: Kouache Ahmed Zouhir , Djafour Ahmed , Benzaoui Khaled Mohammed Said
Published: January 2024

In recent years, the demand for photovoltaic (PV) energy has increased parallel to scientific research on PV cells, including electrical modeling, characterization, and extraction of unknown parameters. Moreover, our main contribution in this paper focuses on experimental investigation of the effect of solar radiation and temperature on the performance of a small photovoltaic plant years after its installation in the Ouargla region. As in many parts of the world, this studied area has experienced rising temperatures due to climate change, affecting system outputs. Therefore, in the first phase, we offer to characterize PV modules in various conditions and analyze the electrical parameters’ performance. The results indicate solar radiation and temperature influence PV modules’ electrical parameters. Moreover, the temperature influences the open-circuit voltage, while solar radiation positively impacts the short-circuit current. On the other side, we determine the optimal parameters of these modules and develop an accurate PV model using the bald eagle search algorithm (BES), gradian-based optimizer algorithm (GBO), and whale optimization Algorithm (WOA) based on a single diode model. The achievements show that the BES and GBO algorithms give good results for the optimum estimation of the PV model compared to WOA, where the best fitness was recorded at 0.015608 with the lowest deviation of 0.012565 and 0.039588, respectively. However, the BES has generated the minimum error values and with minimum iteration number, which indicates that this technique is more stable and robust for PV module parameter extraction.
Perception of opioids among medical students: unveiling the complexities and implications
Authors: Borgemenke Samuel , Durstock Nicholas , DeShetler Lori , Matus Coral , Beverly Elizabeth A.
Published: January 2024

Context

From 2000 to 2019, drug overdoses, combined intentional and unintentional, were the number one cause of death for Americans under 50 years old,with the number of overdoses increasing every year. Between 2012 and 2018, approximately 85 % of all opioid users obtained their opioids through prescriptions from healthcare providers, predominantly physicians. Increased education about the severity of this issue may increase the likelihood of physicians integrating alternative forms of care such as cognitive behavioral approaches, nonopioid therapies, and nonpharmacologic therapies into treatment plans for chronic pain.

Objectives

This study investigates medical students’ beliefs, experiences, and perceived impact of opioids at Ohio University Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine (OU-HCOM) and University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences (UT).

Methods

A total of 377 students from OU-HCOM (years 1–4, n=312) and UT (years 1–2, n=65) were surveyed on their beliefs, experiences, and perceived impact of opioids. Multiple t tests were conducted to compare the difference in perceived severity and stigma between participants who were impacted by the epidemic and those who were not. A Kendall rank test was performed to analyze the relationship between the county drug overdose rate and perceived severity for medical students. p <0.05 defined statistical significance for all statistical tests performed in this study.

Results

In comparing medical students’ personal experiences with the opioid crisis, it was found that many more participants had experiences with an affected classmate or patient (4.1; 95 % CI, 4.0–4.2), as opposed to direct experiences within their family or group of friends (1.9; 95 % CI, 1.8–2.0). However, this group of participants who directly experienced the opioid crisis were found to be more likely to view the crisis as more severe in Ohio’s adult population than those without that direct experience (p=0.03, α=0.05). The difference in experience and severity outlook did not make one group of medical students more likely to hold a stigma toward those struggling with opioid addiction (p=0.3, α=0.05). The study did not find a significant relationship between the county drug overdose rate and the perceived severity among medical students (R=0.05, p=0.6, α=0.05).

Conclusions

This study gave an insight into the beliefs, experiences, and perceived impact of opioids within a group of 377 medical students. It was shown that differences in background can lead to differences in perception of the crisis. Knowing these differences can lead to beneficial changes in education and curriculum design in medical education.
Insights into surveying pangolins using ground and arboreal camera traps
Authors: Moore Jennifer F. , Estela Neus , Toupou Koighae , Koivogui Seny , Camara Abass , Diawara Michel S. , Shirley Matthew H.
Published: January 2024

Arboreal camera traps are becoming more commonly used for monitoring wildlife. Pangolins (Order: Pholidota) are a threatened group of mammals that are challenging to monitor across their range. In this study, we assessed the use of arboreal and ground camera traps for monitoring the three pangolin species native to West Africa in the Ziama Man and Biosphere Reserve, Guinea. We fit occupancy models to our data to examine the effect of factors related to camera height and tree height on detection probability. In addition, we evaluated the utility of deploying multiple cameras within the same tree. Our study showed that arboreal camera traps can successfully detect both arboreal pangolin species, with the highest detection in mid-canopy for white-bellied pangolin and mid-to high-canopy for black-bellied pangolins. In addition, our results suggest at least 4–6 cameras deployed on each tree to maximize the opportunity of detecting these species. We did not detect giant pangolins. Further studies are needed to continue improving detection of all three pangolins for monitoring and adaptive management of these heavily harvested and traded species.
Surface treatment with nano-silica and magnesium potassium phosphate cement co-action for enhancing recycled aggregate concrete
Authors: Wang Siyao , Gu Yuan , Gao Yuan
Published: January 2024

In this study, surface treatment, using blended materials of nano-silica (NS) and magnesium potassium phosphate cement (MKPC) slurries containing four dosages of NS, was applied to recycled aggregate (RA) with distinct RA maintenance schemes to enhance the RA concrete (RAC) performance and control NS dosage for economy. The results imply that the NS + MKPC slurry can efficiently bolster the bonding with RA and the new interfacial transition zone (ITZ), contributing to a distinct enhancement of RAC’s macro-properties. Besides, the optimal NS dosage and RA maintenance scheme revealed by the simplified linear weighted sum optimization method were 3% and no pre-curing procedure, respectively. On the basis of the aforementioned optimal conditions, the modified RAC (C-3-N) achieved enhanced compressive strength by 40.75%, split tensile strength by 46.26%, and chloride ion penetration resistance by 65.93% in comparison with the untreated RAC0. Moreover, the advantages observed in C-3-N were attributed to the exceptional microstructural characteristics in both the NS + MKPC slurry and the new ITZ. This study establishes the potential to augment the efficacy of nanomaterials in reinforcing RAC and enhance the economic viability and practicability of RAC applications. Simultaneously, these advancements contribute to fostering sustainable development within the construction industry and yielding environmental benefits.
Study on the adhesion of PTFE/PI composite films by interlocking synergistic effects
Authors: Zhang Yicai , Ke Zhao , Qian Guangtao , Chen Chunhai , Li Dandan
Published: January 2024

Composite films of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and polyimide (PI) combine the advantages of both materials like excellent inertness to chemicals and thermal stability, which provide great potential in applications under harsh environments. However, strong adhesion between PTFE and PI layers still remains a big challenge. In this study, fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP) as an intermediate layer was found to significantly enhance the adhesion of PTFE films to PI film, with peel strength up to 350 N/m in the manufactured direction comparing to the value of 0 for PTFE/PI composite film without FEP. It’s superior to that of commercially available products (25 N/m) under the same test conditions. The improved performance is attributed to the formation of interlocks of molecules at the interfaces between the PTFE and FEP layers, and FEP and PI layers as observed in the images obtained by atomic force microscope (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
Strength and Conditioning Considerations for the Orchestral Musician: A Practical Approach
Authors: Lulla Sunny S. , Hanney William J. , Rothschild Carey E. , Kolber Morey J. , Wilson Abigail T.
Published: January 2024

Playing a musical instrument necessitates stability in the hands, neck, shoulders, and trunk, involving both isotonic and isometric movements, muscular endurance, and various other physical demands. Musicians, especially those engaged in professional or educational pursuits, often dedicate several hours each day to practicing and performing. Despite the substantial physical challenges associated with musical performance, the realm of performing arts medicine lacks comprehensive research and practical methodologies tailored to adequately address the conditioning requirements of musicians. Musculoskeletal discomfort is prevalent among professional musicians, predominantly affecting the upper body. Instrumental players encounter issues such as musculoskeletal overuse, nerve entrapment, focal dystonia, and other playing-related musculoskeletal disorders, which can persist for extended periods. Consequently, this article aims to present a specialized strength and conditioning regimen tailored for instrumental musicians participating in large music ensembles, specifically symphony orchestras and wind bands. The guide will identify the mechanics inherent to playing these instruments and the prevalent injuries associated with them. Using this information, a strength and conditioning protocol suitable for the application within a symphony orchestra and wind band music classrooms will be presented.
Clinical Legal Education in the Theory and Practice in the Indonesian Law School
Authors: Arifin Saru
Published: January 2024

This short paper delves into the integration of Clinical Legal Education (CLE) in both theoretical understanding and practical application within Indonesian law schools. CLE serves as a bridge between legal theory and real-world practice, enriching legal education with tangible experiences.  The theoretical dimension involves leveraging CLE to enhance students' comprehension of legal concepts, fostering a deeper understanding of the intricacies of the law. This theoretical grounding is complemented by the practical aspect, where students engage in hands-on experiences to develop essential legal skills such as research, client counseling, negotiation, and courtroom advocacy. In the Indonesian context, CLE is strategically positioned to address societal needs and promote social justice. Through real-world case engagements, students learn to navigate the complexities of the legal system while contributing to the resolution of legal issues that impact communities. This practical exposure not only reinforces theoretical knowledge but also instills a sense of social responsibility among future legal practitioners. The integration of CLE into the curriculum of Indonesian law schools brings forth a paradigm shift in legal education. Students not only gain a comprehensive understanding of legal principles but also acquire the practical skills and ethical considerations necessary for successful legal practice. This abstract emphasizes the holistic approach of CLE, positioning it as a transformative force that harmonizes theory and practice in the realm of legal education in Indonesia.
Sociological Approach to Eradication Corruption in Indonesia (Alternative to Imprisonment)
Authors: Zaidan Muhammad Ali
Published: January 2024

Punishment of corruption not quite put in the context of law enforcement, leading to sanctions of imprisonment. Reality shows more than 600 state officials have been convicted of corruption but the rate has no effect at all to prevent the corruption. If no breakthrough is the law, the state can be called a defeat and to its knees at the foot of criminals. As a result, Indonesia can be called a heaven for criminals country. As a rule of law, law enforcement must be done in a holistic and integrated. Thus the imprisonment should also be offset by imposing sanction corrupt social order to be cured/deterrent. Make criminals real deterrent is not an easy step, but in need of understanding and synergy between the law enforcement community on the one hand with the other hand to continue to spread the spirit of corruption eradication in all social strata. The imposition of sanctions of imprisonment must also be followed by removal of political rights, especially the right to have occupied political positions both in government agencies and representatives (DPR). Sanctioning the disenfranchisement of political rights for a time after undergoing convict prison, is a powerful tool and a non-penal nature to combat corruption.
Collective Violence and Social Disintegration: A Study of Mass Violence as a Trigger off Crime and The Loss of Social Values in Society
Authors: Utari Indah Sri
Published: January 2024

This study delves into the intricate interplay between collective violence and social disintegration, examining the repercussions of mass violence as a trigger for heightened criminal activities and the erosion of societal values. Through a comprehensive analysis of historical and contemporary instances of collective violence, the research aims to unravel the complex mechanisms that link such events to an increase in criminal behavior and the gradual breakdown of fundamental social norms. The investigation explores psychological, sociological, and economic dimensions to illuminate the multifaceted impact of collective violence on the fabric of society. The study endeavors to uncover how these violent events contribute to a loss of trust, exacerbate socio-economic disparities, and foster an environment conducive to criminality. By understanding these dynamics, the research seeks to provide valuable insights for policymakers, law enforcement, and community leaders. These insights can inform the development of effective strategies to mitigate the impact of mass violence on crime rates and work towards the preservation of foundational values that underpin social cohesion.
Correlación de la NTC-ISO 21001:2019 y los Lineamientos de Aseguramiento de Calidad Institucional del CNA
Authors: Pineda Molina Froilan Humberto , Acuña Daza Gloria , Holguín Jhojanna Paola , Dworaczek Conde Helga Ofelia
Published: January 2024

La calidad educativa es un concepto que ha tomado bastante trascendencia en los últimos años en las Instituciones de Educación Superior (IES), las cuales, a partir del cumplimiento de su filosofía y objetivos estratégicos en el marco de la Ley, adoptan mecanismos de aseguramiento de la calidad y autorregulación, para cumplir con las expectativas de sus partes interesadas y ser más competitivas. De acuerdo a lo anterior se desarrolla como objetivo de investigación analizar el grado de correlación existente entre la NTC-ISO 21001:2019 y los Lineamientos de Acreditación Institucional en Alta Calidad del CNA, Para lo cual fue necesario hacer una contextualización de cada una de las normas a partir de un enfoque cuantitativo, utilizando el método exploratorio documental y correlacional de acuerdo con las técnicas de integración por requisitos, factores claves de integración, y por ciclo PHVA, el cual arrojó 66,4 % de correlación, lo que permite afirmar que las IES con un solo esfuerzo pueden lograr procesos de certificación y acreditación que contribuyan al aseguramiento de la calidad en pro de la eficiencia y eficacia Institucional, para ser una IES competitiva en el contexto local, regional, nacional e internacional.
Influencia emocional en decisiones de compra mediante el modelo de estaciones para el consumidor deportivo (MODE).
Authors: Alcalá Zárate Luisa Fernanda , Navas Domínguez Alexis
Published: January 2024

La investigación sobre el comportamiento del consumidor deportivo en Bogotá se basó en una metodología cualitativa-exploratoria, utilizando el Customer Journey Map (CJM) en sesiones grupales y observación en tiendas deportivas. El resultado fue el Modelo de Estaciones del Consumidor Deportivo (MODE), compuesto por tres estados. El primero destaca la avalancha de información del entorno, donde influencias como redes sociales y estilo de vida dominan la decisión final. En el segundo estado, se aborda la decisión de pre-compra, enfocándose en el reconocimiento de la necesidad y la evaluación de alternativas. Finalmente, el tercer estado refleja la respuesta del consumidor, que puede ser positiva o negativa. El MODE destaca la complejidad del proceso de decisión de compra del consumidor deportivo, donde factores emocionales juegan un papel crucial. Este enfoque cualitativo permitió una profunda comprensión de las experiencias y conceptos clave que influyen en las decisiones de compra, proporcionando una perspectiva valiosa para estrategias de marketing y ventas en el sector deportivo en Bogotá. La investigación revela la importancia de abordar no solo los aspectos racionales, sino también las emociones en la estrategia de comercialización de productos deportivos.
La argumentación oral como estrategia en las competencias ciudadanas
Authors: Cañate Pérez Yesibeth
Published: January 2024

El presente artículo de investigación es producto de una reflexión cuyo objetivo fue implementar una estrategia didáctica basada en competencias ciudadanas como fortalecimiento en la argumentación oral con estudiantes de grado octavo de la Institución Educativa José de la Vega de Cartagena Bolívar. La investigación fue desarrollada a partir del enfoque cualitativo con diseño investigación Acción participativa (IAP) en una muestra de 38 estudiantes. Se aplicó la técnica de entrevista y grupo focal como instrumento con guion abierto, la técnica de la observación, y como instrumento el diario de campo, evidenciándose bajo nivel en la argumentación oral.

En este sentido se consolidan tres talleres desarrollados con la temática del respeto por la diferencia, el juicio moral y la capacidad de elección y decisión. Lo anterior de manera colaborativa, dando cumplimiento a los objetivos propuestos en la investigación ratificados al ser evaluados mediante una oratoria en la fase final. Se concluye que al inicio de la intervención la población en su totalidad carecía de fluidez argumentativa logrando avanzar con las diferentes actividades se fortalece la interacciones y potencia la capacidad de impactar en el entorno.
Application of Yin-Yang Dialectical Psychotherapy: A Case Study of Psychological Counseling for a Rebellious Adolescent
Authors: He Bing
Published: January 2024

Yin-Yang Dialectical Psychotherapy (YYDP) was developed by Profession Zheng, a Chinese psychologist. It conflates the traditional Chinese Yin-Yang theory with humanistic therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, and the philosophy of structuralism from Western cultures. YYDP is effective in addressing a wide range of psychological issues. This article is a case study of the use of YYDP in psychological counseling for an adolescent who was experiencing teenage rebellion with a risk of dropping out of school. YYDP successfully helped the client, and her parents develop more positive and balanced attitudes towards interpersonal relationships and supported the client in restoring normal school life.
Teacher STEAM Education Supported by Professional Learning Communities: A Meaningful Practice of Teacher Professional Development
Authors: Cheung Alan C.K.
Published: January 2024

Steam education is a synergetic, interdisciplinary approach that conflate science, technology, engineering, arts and mathematics to foster creative, critical, and imaginative thinking and skills in students (Lamichhane, 2021). The core of STEAM is innovation and problem-solving. It places premiums on interdisciplinary skills, including inquiry, communication, collaboration, and self-management (Holbrook, 2020). In a world facing emerging challenges and complexities, STEAM education is instrumental in cultivating talents with abilities to integrate multiple-disciplinary knowledge, think critically and innovatively, solve problems voluntarily, and carry out effective collaboration.
New Year Greetings from Science Insights Education Frontiers
Authors: Zhou Longjun
Published: January 2024

The year of of 2023 was supposed to be a year full of hopes and with the promise that everything would return to the right track. At the end of the year, however, we realized that the world was far away from the right track. Instead, it underwent a turbulent period, becoming more unstable, uncertain, and unpredictable: Geopolitical conflicts continued to escalate, and the humanitarian crises were deteriorating, with no signs of the Russian-Ukrainian war coming to an end or Palestinian-Israeli tension subsiding; The world economy was slowing down, facing the dual challenges of low growth and high inflation; Natural and climate change-induced disasters arose one after another, like the devastating earthquake in Turkey, once-in-a-century drought in the Amazon rainforest, and the raging floods in the Horn of Africa, to name a few.