bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Drug screening with human SMN2 reporter identifies SMN protein stabilizers to correct SMA pathology
Authors: Wang Yiran , Xu Chongchong , Ma Lin , Mou Yongchao , Zhang Bowen , Zhou Shanshan , Tian Yue , Trinh Jessica , Zhang Xiaoqing , Li Xue-Jun
Published: March 2019

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), the leading genetic cause of infant mortality, is caused by reduced levels of functional survival motor neuron (SMN) protein. To identify therapeutic agents for SMA, we established a versatile SMN2-GFP reporter line by targeting the human SMN2 gene. We then screened a compound library and identified Z-FA-FMK as a potent candidate. Z-FA-FMK, a cysteine protease inhibitor, increased functional SMN through inhibiting the protease-mediated degradation of both full-length and exon 7–deleted forms of SMN. Further studies reveal that CAPN1, CAPN7, CTSB, and CTSL mediate the degradation of SMN proteins, providing novel targets for SMA. Notably, Z-FA-FMK mitigated mitochondriopathy and neuropathy in SMA patient–derived motor neurons and showed protective effects in SMA animal model after intracerebroventricular injection. E64d, another cysteine protease inhibitor which can pass through the blood–brain barrier, showed even more potent therapeutic effects after subcutaneous delivery to SMA mice. Taken together, we have successfully established a human SMN2 reporter for future drug discovery and identified the potential therapeutic value of cysteine protease inhibitors in treating SMA via stabilizing SMN proteins.
Estudo sobre a comparação das perceções das distâncias espaciais: Realidade virtual versus ambiente real
Authors: Rodrigues Daisy , Borges Diana , Ribeiro Joana , Sousa Margarida
Published: March 2019

O objectivo do presente estudo foi comparar diferentes contextos de avaliação de distâncias (sala virtual vs sala real) ao nível da percepção de distâncias. Foi, ainda, avaliado o feito da presença (ou não) de uma mão virtual no cenário de realidade virtual no sentimento de presença. Foram estudados 36 indivíduos (11 mulheres e 25 homens). Os resultados evidenciam que não há diferenças estatisticamente significativas na percepção das distâncias. A presença de uma mão virtual influencia negativamente o sentimento de presença nos contextos virtuais. Concluímos que o uso da realidade virtual é um meio adequado para treinar a perepção/avaliação de distâncias.
Influência da atividade física nos sintomas depressivos de diabéticos e hipertensos
Authors: Moz Ana I. , Andrade Fátima A. , Morais Tatiana S. , Vasconcelos-Raposo José
Published: March 2019

A depressão é uma doença mental com uma elevada prevalência em doentes crónicos. Há evidências, na literatura, que a actividade física pode actuar como uma possível estratégia preventiva e terapêutica para os sintomas depressivos. O objectivo do nosso estudo foi investigar a relação existente entre actividade física e depressão num grupo de indivíduos com diabetes e hipertensão. Recolhemos uma amostra de 65 indivíduos, com idades compreendidas entre os 40 e os 94 anos, dos quais 41.5% são do sexo masculino. Os sintomas depressivos foram avaliados através do Patient Health Questionnaire-9. Não foi encontrada uma relação significativa entre actividade física e depressão. As mulheres apresentaram níveis depressivos mais elevados, cerca de duas vezes superiores aos homens. Verificámos, ainda, que quanto pior é a percepção de saúde maiores são os níveis de depressão.
Efeitos do parasitismo por Ichthyophthririus multifiliis sobre as brânquias de pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) (OSTEICHTHYES: CHARACIDAE)
Authors: Sobrinho Ventura Arlene , Simeão dos Santos Juliana , Nunes Vieira Angelina , Zanella Joyce , De Araújo Gabriel Andrea Maria
Published: March 2019

As brânquias se caracterizam por serem órgãos respiratórios de peixes teleósteos, que podem ser parasitados por protozoários dificultando as trocas gasosas. Com este trabalho objetivou-se descrever os danos causados à estrutura tecidual das brânquias de pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus), durante fase inicial de criação, pelo protozoário Ichthyophthririus multifiliis. Um total de cinquenta alevinos de P. mesopotamicus foi coletado em fevereiro de 2017 em piscicultura comercial, com surto de doença dos pontos brancos. Ao realizar exame microscópio das brânquias observou-se que todos os animais estavam parasitados naturalmente por I. multifiliis. Após análise histológica das brânquias foi possível constatar que havia severas lesões branquiais como congestão, telangiectasia, hemorragia intersticial, edema sub-eptelial, hiperplasia epitelial e de células mucosas e reação inflamatória moderada, localizadas nos filamentos e lamelas sendo frequente a fusão lamelar. No entanto observa-se que as lesões ocasionadas por I. multifilis em brânquias de P. mesopotamicus, são respostas inespecíficas do hospedeiro à agressão
Diagnóstico de propriedades leiteiras em regime de agricultura familiar no município de Ponto dos Volantes (MG)
Authors: Aguilar Gilson Chaves de , Lopes Marcos Aurélio , Cardoso Milton Ghedini
Published: March 2019

Com o objetivo de conhecer a realidade da pecuária bovina leiteira do município de Ponto dos Volantes, MG, foi realizado um diagnóstico em 30 propriedades produtoras de leite.  A pesquisa foi realizada entre os meses de fevereiro e junho de 2016, utilizando um formulário composto por 151 perguntas abertas, em que foram analisados dados básicos da propriedade como: características dos produtores, média produtiva do rebanho, tipo de manejo praticado, uso e ocupação do solo, capacidade operacional da propriedade e as receitas e despesas proporcionadas pela atividade. Com o resultado da pesquisa, não foi possível encontrar índices produtivos e reprodutivos seguros; a falta de escrituração zootécnica não permitiu conhecer a realidade numérica das propriedades. No entanto, possibilitou conhecer iniciativas dos produtores em estabelecer melhor convivência com a seca, como a introdução de novas culturas, de raças adaptadas à região, conservação de alimentos volumosos, melhor uso da água e introdução de sistemas de irrigação.
PELAKSANAAN PROGRAM BIMBINGAN BELAJAR DI SEKOLAH MENENGAH ATAS NEGERI KOTA PONTIANAK
Authors: Ralasari S Tri Mega , Atika Amelia
Published: March 2019

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan secara faktual penyusunan program Bimbingan dan Konseling berikut kelebihan dan kekurangan program Bimbingan dan Konseling bidang bimbingan belajar dan mendesain  penyusunan program Bimbingan dan Konseling bidang bimbingan belajar komprehensif di SMA Negeri Kota Pontianak. Metode pengumpulan datanya menggunakan teknik komunikasi langsung dan komunikasi tidak langsung. Teknik analisis menggunakan tiga tahapan meliputi: reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan atau verifikasi model program bimbingan belajar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan: (1) model faktual penyusunan program Bimbingan dan Konseling bidang bimbingan belajar SMA Negeri  Kota Pontianak Guru Bimbingan dan Konseling melakukan need assesment menggunakan instrumen DCM dan sosiometri saja sebatas penggumpulan data bukan analisis data; (2) Penyusunan program Bimbingan dan Konseling konseptual tentang bidang belajar berbantuan sistem informasi menajemen dapat melibatkan kepala sekolah untuk monitoring kinerja guru Bimbingan dan Konseling dalam menyusun program Bimbingan dan Konseling, guru mata pelajaran dan wali kelas melakukan identifikasi masalah kesulitan belajar di kelas.
Performing total knee replacement in cases with various degrees of bone loss
Authors: Filipenko V. A. , Tankut O.V. , Dudko O. G. , Shayko-Shaykovskiy O. G.
Published: March 2019

The paper analyses main factors that effect treatment results of total knee arthroplasties in cases of bone defects, such as a size and types of bone defects, their connection with previous surgeries, existing classification with their benefits and weak points. Authors show various possibilities of surgical treatment of bone defects that can provide better stability for prosthetic devices. The importance of bone grafts is highlighted as their remodeling provides the base for implant stability in late period of outcome.
Influenza surveillance: determining the epidemic threshold for influenza by using the Moving Epidemic Method (MEM), Montenegro, 2010/11 to 2017/18 influenza seasons
Authors: Rakocevic Bozidarka , Grgurevic Anita , Trajkovic Goran , Mugosa Boban , Sipetic Grujicic Sandra , Medenica Sanja , Bojovic Olivera , Lozano Alonso José Eugenio , Vega Tomas
Published: March 2019

Background: In 2009, an improved influenza surveillance system was implemented and weekly reporting to the World Health Organization on influenza-like illness (ILI) began. The goals of the surveillance system are to monitor and analyse the intensity of influenza activity, to provide timely information about circulating strains and to help in establishing preventive and control measures. In addition, the system is useful for comparative analysis of influenza data from Montenegro with other countries.

Aim: We aimed to evaluate the performance and usefulness of the Moving Epidemic Method (MEM), for use in the influenza surveillance system in Montenegro.

Methods: Historical ILI data from 2010/11 to 2017/18 influenza seasons were modelled with MEM. Epidemic threshold for Montenegro 2017/18 season was calculated using incidence rates from 2010/11–2016/17 influenza seasons.

Results: Pre-epidemic ILI threshold per 100,000 population was 19.23, while the post-epidemic threshold was 17.55. Using MEM, we identified an epidemic of 10 weeks’ duration. The sensitivity of the MEM epidemic threshold in Montenegro was 89% and the warning signal specificity was 99%.

Conclusions: Our study marks the first attempt to determine the pre/post-epidemic threshold values for the epidemic period in Montenegro. The findings will allow a more detailed examination of the influenza-related epidemiological situation, timely detection of epidemic and contribute to the development of more efficient measures for disease prevention and control aimed at reducing the influenza-associated morbidity and mortality.
PROBLEMATIKA SERTIPIKAT HAK ATAS TANAH SEBAGAI KEPUTUSAN TATA USAHA NEGARA
Authors: Fajrurrahman Febby
Published: March 2019

Pasal 19 ayat (1) Undang-undang Nomor 5 Tahun 1960, pokoknya menyatakan: pendaftaran tanah adalah demi kepastian hukum dimana dalam perkembangannya, sertipikat hak atas tanah tak hanya berfungsi sebagai alat pembuktian yang kuat, namun juga bernilai ekonomis tinggi karena dapat dilekati hak accessoir semisal Hak Tanggungan. Sertipikat Hak Atas Tanah tak hanya mengandung kaidah hukum perdata mengenai eksistensi subyek dan obyek hak atas tanah, melainkan juga kaidah hukum administrasi mengenai pengakuan dan aspek legal formal hak atas tanah. Problematika keabsahan sertipikat hak atas tanah dalam penegakan hukum administrasi umumnya berkaitan dengan 3 hal, yakni kewenangan penerbitan, prosedural penerbitan, serta kebenaran substansial. Persoalan yang muncul/berpotensi muncul pasca disahkannya Undang-undang Nomor 30 Tahun 2014, adalah reposisi dan kajian mengenai telah tepatkan sertipikat menjadi obyek dalam sengketa administrasi pertanahan? Disahkannya Undang-undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2012 dan Undang-undang Nomor 30 Tahun 2014, juga berdampak pada perkembangan sengketa administrasi pertanahan, sehingga tak hanya berkenaan dengan gugatan keabsahan sertipikat hak atas, tapi juga aspek lain: sengketa pengadaan tanah serta putusan penerimaan permohonan yang berkaitan dengan administrasi pertanahan. Hal ini menimbulkan gagasan untuk menyelesaikan sengketa tersebut secara terpadu dan holistik di satu pengadilan khusus.

Pasal 19 ayat (1) Undang-undang Nomor 5 Tahun 1960, pokoknya menyatakan: pendaftaran tanah adalah demi kepastian hukum dimana dalam perkembangannya, sertipikat hak atas tanah tak hanya berfungsi sebagai alat pembuktian yang kuat, namun juga bernilai ekonomis tinggi karena dapat dilekati hak accessoir semisal Hak Tanggungan. Sertipikat Hak Atas Tanah tak hanya mengandung kaidah hukum perdata mengenai eksistensi subyek dan obyek hak atas tanah, melainkan juga kaidah hukum administrasi mengenai pengakuan dan aspek legal formal hak atas tanah. Problematika keabsahan sertipikat hak atas tanah dalam penegakan hukum administrasi umumnya berkaitan dengan 3 hal, yakni kewenangan penerbitan, prosedural penerbitan, serta kebenaran substansial. Persoalan yang muncul/berpotensi muncul pasca disahkannya Undang-undang Nomor 30 Tahun 2014, adalah reposisi dan kajian mengenai telah tepatkan sertipikat menjadi obyek dalam sengketa administrasi pertanahan? Disahkannya Undang-undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2012 dan Undang-undang Nomor 30 Tahun 2014, juga berdampak pada perkembangan sengketa administrasi pertanahan, sehingga tak hanya berkenaan dengan gugatan keabsahan sertipikat hak atas, tapi juga aspek lain: sengketa pengadaan tanah serta putusan penerimaan permohonan yang berkaitan dengan administrasi pertanahan. Hal ini menimbulkan gagasan untuk menyelesaikan sengketa tersebut secara terpadu dan holistik di satu pengadilan khusus.
PERJANJIAN KREDIT PERBANKAN DENGAN JAMINAN HAK ATAS TANAH YANG BELUM BERSERTIFIKAT
Authors: Putrajab Lalu
Published: March 2019

Proses pembebanan Hak Tanggungan berdasarkan SKMHT dalam rangka perjanjian kredit bank di Kabupaten Lombok Timur sudah berjalan cukup baik, walaupun ada beberapa dari proses pembebanan Hak tanggungan tersebut mengalami keterlambatan. Proses pembebanan Hak Tanggungan di Kabupaten Lombok Timur sendiri sudah sesuai dengan ketentuan perundang-undangan  yang berlaku yaitu diawali dengan dibuatnya perjanjian kredit antara kreditor dengan debitor yang dituangkan dalam bentuk perjanjian di bawah tangan maupun dalam bentuk notariil akta yang kemudian dilanjutkan dengan pemberian Hak Tanggungan dengan dibuatkannya APHT oleh PPAT. sebelum dibuatkannya APHT Notaris/PPAT melakukan pengecekan terhadap data fisik tanah yang dijadikan obyek jaminan Hak Tanggungan di Kantor Pertanahan. Untuk tanah yang dijadikan obyek jaminan Hak Tanggungan merupakan tanah yang belum terdaftar maka Notaris/PPAT terlebih dahulu akan membuat SKMHT sebelum dibuatnya APHT. jangka waktu SKMHT itu sendiri 3 (tiga) bulan, apabila lewat dari jangka waktu tersebut maka SKMHT itu tidak berlaku lagi, dimana dalam praktiknya masih terdapat SKMHT yang sudah tidak berlaku lagi dikarenakan sertipikat Hak Milik yang akan dipasangkan Hak Tanggungan atau yang menjadi obyek jaminan Hak Tanggungan belum terbit.
Diversidad genética en accesiones de 10 razas mexicanas de maíz de altitudes intermedias
Authors: Sánchez  Vega Miriam , Córdova-Téllez Leobigildo , Santacruz-Varela Amalio , Castillo González Fernando , Castañeda Saucedo Ma. Claudia , Robledo Paz Alejandrina , Méndez López Alonso
Published: March 2019

La diversidad del maíz (Zea mays L.) en México es amplia y aún existe la necesidad de llevar a cabo trabajos que permitan discernir la variación dentro y entre grupos raciales y establecer colecciones de referencia racial para su entendimiento. Se valoró la diversidad morfológica de poblaciones representativas de 10 razas de maíz de México. En el ciclo primavera-verano de 2010 se establecieron experimentos con 88 accesiones representativas de las razas Bofo, Celaya, Coscomatepec, Dulce de Jalisco, Elotes Occidentales, Mushito, Palomero de Jalisco, Serrano de Jalisco, Tablilla de Ocho, y Zamorano Amarillo, en las localidades de Roque, Guanajuato y Ciudad Guzmán, Jalisco, bajo un diseño experimental de bloques incompletos, se midieron 30 caracteres morfológicos. El análisis de varianza indicó diferencias significativas entre las accesiones para todos los caracteres (variables). El análisis de repetibilidad reflejó que 16 caracteres presentaron un coeficiente ≥3, éstos fueron los menos afectados por el ambiente. En el análisis de componentes principales y conglomerados hubo variación dentro y entre razas, con una dispersión continua, que permitió identificar cuatro complejos raciales. El grupo I lo integraron accesiones de Bofo, el II de Celaya, el III de Dulce de Jalisco y el IV de Elotes Occidentales, las razas restantes se agregan en su mayoría en el grupo II como subgrupos. Este estudio confirmó agrupamientos de accesiones en razas bien definidas y representadas en los bancos de germoplasma. Es necesario realizar estudios más profundos en razas con pocas accesiones para lograr una mejor definición racial.
Peran Ganda Administrator sebagai Mediator dalam Sengketa Transaksi Ponsel Bekas secara Online
Authors: Aswari Aan
Published: March 2019

Teknologi transaksi ikut menyediakan sebuah tempat yang spesifik bagi para pihak untuk melakukan transaksi, sehingga dalam perkembangan pemanfaatannya mendorong signifikat pengguna yang terbukti semakin meningkat. Peningkatan bertransaksi online diikuti dengan pertumbuhan sengketa transaksi online, khusus dalam kajian ini menggambarkan sebuah sistem rumit pada sebuah telepon selular bekas, yang ditransaksikan dalam sebuah sistem yang rumit pula, yaitu secara online. Fenomena tersebut menghadirkan permasalahan terkait penyelesaian sengketa transaksi elektronik telepon seluler bekas secara online oleh administrator yang juga berperan sebagai mediator dapat memenuhi eskpektasi kepuasan para pihak, yang bertujuan untuk mengukur secara kualitatif terkait representasi tujuan hukum mengakomodir perbuatan hukum ini. Hasil penelitian yang menggunakan pendekatan socio legal research ini, mendeskripsikan tentang: (1)Pola penyelesaian sengketa para pihak bersama mediator online, dan (2) Kepuasan konsumen yang diperoleh dari penyelesaian sengketa transaksi online. Akhirnya disimpulkan hak dan kewajiban yang harus dijalankan masih menimbulkan rasa kecewa bahkan kerugian bagi salah satu pihak akibat peran ganda administrator sekaligus mediator online, disarankan agar mediator online melewati proses pembentukan dan rekrutmen sesuai dengan prosedur hukum, sehingga hasil yang dilahirkan oleh mediator profesional dapat melahirkan hukum yang harus dilaksanakan serta memiliki kekuatan hukum.
Technical aspects of the dentist’s work safety
Authors: Markowska-Dyner Agnieszka
Published: March 2019

In the work of a dentist there are many factors that affect the occupational risk. They cover the area of the human factor, work organization and technical area. The latter often determines the safety and ergonomics of the workplace. The purpose of this article is to identify occupational hazards in the work of a dentist, with particular emphasis on the technical area. The method used in the article is a survey supported by observation with elements of a direct interview. The research tool used in the article is a questionnaire in the form of a checklist.
The Effects of Community Size, Control Over Agenda, and Contextual Variables on Zika Virus Preparation of Public Information Officers at Local Public Health Departments
Authors: Avery Elizabeth
Published: March 2019

As Zika emerged as a major global health threat, public information officers (PIOs) at local public health departments across the United States prepared for outbreaks of the virus amid great uncertainty. Using the crisis and risk emergency communication (CERC) model to inform this study, PIOs (n = 226) at public health departments were surveyed to assess how community size, perceived control over health agenda, and other considerations such as resources and federal influences affected their satisfaction with Zika preparedness in their departments. These contextual, indirect factors may moderate planning efforts for Zika and other health emergencies and thus should be considered in crisis management and planning models such as CERC.
Conceptualisation of an Information Analytical Database of Reference Standards
Authors: Andreev D. P. , Kozlovich A. V.
Published: March 2019

The article summarises the main results of a study investigating integrated development and implementation of an information analytical database of reference standards in the Federal State Budgetary Institution «Scientific Centre for Expert Evaluation of Medicinal Products» of the Ministry of Health of Russia (FSBI «SCEEMP»). The subject of the research is an information analytical database of reference standards designed to assess the quality, efficacy and safety of medicines. The aim of the study was to create the concept of an information analytical database of reference standards based on object-oriented approaches. The database was created in response to the need for improving the efficiency of certain types of activities of the FSBI «SCEEMP» which has already automated some of its processes. The paper discusses the key prerequisites for the creation of an integrated specialised information technology product as a way to improve overall performance. A general procedure for the development of an information and analytical database is presented, taking into account the tasks set and the established requirements for the functionality of the information and analytical system. The paper describes the implemented solutions, as well as strategies for their improvement. The operation algorithms of the information-analytical database of reference materials allow for its further modernisation, as well as greater automation of actions with documents and data, incorporation of new standardised reference books, ready-made templates, as well as modification  in case any changes are made to business processes, legislation or technical and technological aspects of using reference standards.
Authorisation of Non-Innovator Biotherapeutic (Biosimilar) Products in the USA
Authors: Soldatov A. A. , Avdeeva Zh. I. , Bondarev V. P. , Mosyagin V. D.
Published: March 2019

European competent authorities began to elaborate scientific principles of development of non-innovator biotherapeutic (biosimilar) products in the early noughties, and in 2009 these principles were approved at the WHO International Conference in Seoul gathering participants from countries with a well-developed pharmaceutical industry. The USA adopted the law on biosimilar products in 2012, it was based on the documents and recommendations prepared by the EMA and approved by the WHO. In 2015, the FDA published the new revised versions of the guidelines dealing with biosimilar products. The US regulatory requirements for development and authorisation of biosimilar products are based on a step-by-step comparative assessment of biosimilar and innovator products in terms of their quality, efficacy, and safety in accordance with the WHO/EMA recommendations. At the same time the US regulatory requirements differ from those of other national authorities, including EMA (WHO), when it comes to the design of comparative quality studies (studies of products’ physicochemical and biological properties), the assignment of International Non-Proprietary Names and the interchangeability of biosimilar products.
Justification of Methodological Approaches to Identification Testing of Biomedical Cell Products
Authors: Melnikova E. V. , Rachinskaya O. A. , Trusov G. A. , Khorolsky M. D. , Semenova I. S. , Tereshkina N. V. , Merkulov V. A.
Published: March 2019

The manufacturer (developer) has to prepare a specification for each newly developed biomedical cell product (BCP) that has passed the stage of preclinical studies. The specification is included into the registration dossier when applying for marketing authorisation of a BCP. In accordance with the Order of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation No. 14n of 19 January 2017 «On approval of the specification format for a biomedical cell product» the specification should contain information about authenticity of the cell line used in the BCP, namely: morphological characteristics, expression of specific markers, expression of specific genes, expression of specific proteins, as well as markers of cell line stability. At present Russia has no practical experience in BCP quality evaluation. The aim of the study was to substantiate methodological approaches to authentication of cell lines used in BCPs as illustrated by quality evaluation of the DF-2 model cell line using test methods that allow for characterisation of the morphological, genetic, immunophenotypic, and cytogenetic profile of the cell line. Materials and methods: the study analysed the DF-2 cell line — human dermal fibroblasts (mesenchymal stem cells) obtained from the Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences (St. Petersburg). The following analytical test methods were used in the study: morphological analysis; flow cytometry for immunophenotyping of the DF-2 model cell line; short tandem repeats for creating an allelic profile of the model cell line; cytogenetic analysis — differential DAPI staining of metaphase chromosomes. Results: the paper summarises methodological approaches to identification testing of medicines containing living human cells (BCP analogues) currently used in international practice, and presents the results of authentication of the model cell line. Conclusions: methods used for BCP identification testing should ensure unambiguous authentication of the cell line according to its specification. The study performed helped to work out the procedure of authentication of a model cell line.
Literature Monitoring for Pharmacovigilance
Authors: Khudoshin A. G. , Xu X. , Romanov B. K.
Published: March 2019

Literature monitoring is a complicated aspect of pharmacovigilance. The guidelines on good practice of pharmacovigilance of the Eurasian Economic Union recommend the using of a biomedical reference database containing the maximum number of sources for the monitored drugs, which necessitates the selection of such a database. The aim of the paper is to compare the coverage and functionality of international databases of medical publications recommended for monitoring literature within pharmacovigilance in terms of coverage and functionality. The paper analyzes the coverage and presents the comparison of the results of the search in the databases Embase®, MEDLINE® and eLibrary for 35 drugs. It have been shown that the search in the Embase® database provides the maximum number of sources. In addition, the paper shows the applicability special PV Wizard functionality which facilitate the building of search strategies with high recall, sensitivity and compliance.
Vaccine Safety International Monitoring
Authors: Darmostukova M. A. , Snegireva I. I. , Velts N. Yu. , Kazakov A. S. , Alyautdin R. N.
Published: March 2019

Vaccine safety is an important aspect of mass immunization of the population. Adverse reactions that occur following vaccination result in a decrease in public confidence. The aim of this research was to identify information on the development of adverse events after immunization with vaccines included into the national vaccination calendars of the USA, European Union (EU), Japan, China, South Korea and India. Particular attention was paid to vaccines that are not included in the vaccination calendar, but are presented in the Russian Federation. During monitoring of vaccination against human papillomavirus information in the European Union, Japan and the United States, according the possible connection with development of autoimmune diseases was refuted. Monitoring of adverse events after vaccination with rotavirus vaccine I generation in the USA, EU and India, allowed to establish a link with the development of intestine invagination and limit the use of this medicinal product in favor of vaccine II generation. After starting vaccination against influenza was detected narcolepsy as a complication of this procedure; and when analyzing the complications of meningococcal vaccination Guillain — Barre syndrome was detected. We also analyzed information on various complications associated with vaccination against Japanese viral encephalitis, which was included into the national vaccination calendar of countries in Asia and the Pacifi c region — China, India, Japan, and South Korea. The main complications registered in the PRC after the introduction of Japanese encephalitis vaccine into the national vaccination calendar included: febrile seizures, thrombocytopenic purpura, encephalitis and meningitis. The main safety concerns about vaccines included into the national vaccination calendars of EU countries, the USA and the Asia-Pacific region concern vaccines that have recently appeared on the pharmaceutical market.
Analytic Future Tense in Russian Romani as a Calque from Eastern Slavic
Authors: Kozhanov Kirill A.
Published: March 2019

This paper discusses the development of the analytic future in Russian Romani. In this Romani dialect, an analytic future tense can be expressed by means of the two auxiliary verbs avéla ‘to come’ and léla ‘to take.’ This article argues that the development of this analytic future was induced by contact with Eastern Slavic languages. In Romani, the verb avéla also functions as the future form of the copula, thus its use as an auxiliary to derive future tense is a calque from the Slavic construction with the verb budu ‘I will.’ In the article it is argued that the use of the verb léla as an auxiliary is a “fossilized” calque from Old Russian, in which the verb jati ‘to take’ was, up to the 16th century, one of the main ways to derive the future tense. It is also shown that there is no clear semantic distinction between the two constructions, and that preference is given to one or the other depending on the areal variety or even idiolect. Finally, Soviet Romani literature offers interesting cases that demonstrate when the verb léla begins to function as a future tense copula.
The Synaxarion Redaction of the Life of St. Alexander Svirsky: A Reconstruction of the Early Stages of the Text History
Authors: Soboleva Alexandra E.
Published: March 2019

The paper addresses the problems of the attribution and the geographical and chronological origins of the synaxarion redaction of the Life of St. Alexander Svirsky; it relies on textological, codicological, and palaeographic analysis of the surviving manuscripts. The author draws some conclusions about the formation of the regional variants of this medieval hagiographic text. Alexander Svirsky was the only Christian saint who was honored by receiving a manifestation of the Holy Trinity; this occurred in 1508. He founded the monastery of the Holy Trinity and was its archpriest until his dormition in 1533. The Life of Alexander Svirsky was written in 1545 by Herodion Kochnev, one of the saint’s acolytes, at the directive of Metropolitan Macarius for the Great Menaion Reader. The Life of St. Alexander Svirsky survives in a large number of copies— about 200—from the 16th and 17th centuries. Only nine of these copies show the text variant that the author of this study calls “the synaxarion variant”; they appear in synaxaria from the second half of the 16th and the beginning of the 17th centuries. Word-by-word text comparison allows one to conclude that these nine copies fall into three different redactions, each reflecting Herodion’s text. All three redactions originate from different areas, and they differ in subject matter and in the methods of elaboration of the Menaion text. On the one hand, this confirms that obviously there was a great need for this kind of text; on the other hand, it acknowledges the absence of a norm by means of which such texts might be compiled. The first, earliest, synaxarion redaction survives in seven copies, including one of the earliest copies of the Life, which dates back to 1549, according to a note by the scribe. It might have been created soon after Herodion’s text for the Great Menaion Reader to coincide with Alexander’s canonization in 1547. Despite the small number of surviving copies, this redaction was rather widespread and was known in Pskov and Novgorod, in the Trinity Lavra of St. Sergius, and probably in Romanov. The other two redactions were found in late, isolated copies. The second synaxarion redaction is known from the Vologda Synaxarion, and the third one—from the Synaxarion delivered from Moscow to Mozhaysk.
The Primary Slavic Complex of Liturgical Books of the Byzantine Rite (“Clement’s corpus”) and the Formation of the Macedonian Redaction of Church Slavonic
Authors: Crvenkovska Emilija
Published: March 2019

The article elaborates on the basic linguistic features of the Macedonian redaction manuscripts. A survey of the characteristics is presented on different levels: orthographical, phonological, morphological, lexical, and the level of word formation. Linguistic features of these texts can contribute to their more precise localization, indicating that the manuscripts analyzed here are related to the wide zone of southern and western Macedonian dialects, a wider area in which the activities of the Ohrid Literary School took place. The lexicon of the manuscripts, especially the Greek loanwords present, leads to the conclusion that the place of their formation is a Slavic-Greek contact zone. Part of this paper is dedicated to the comparison of rare lexicon and productive word formation models present in a group of Church Slavonic manuscripts of Russian redaction. The comparative analysis of the lexicon and word formation models can help in establishing the corpus of books of the Byzantine rite that were created in the period of activity of Cyrillo-Methodian disciples, under the leadership of Clement of Ohrid. It is obvious that part of that corpus was the main liturgical book, the Gospel, and some previous works have verified that the Menaion was also translated in this literary center. Based on the analysis made in this work, it can be noted that the same rare lexicon and word formation models, in many cases verified in the hymnographic works of Clement of Ohrid, characterize the Apostle, Psalter with commentary, Triodion, Euchologium, and Prophetologion, leading to the conclusion that all these books were part of Clement’s corpus.
Using Massive Online Choice Experiments to Measure Changes in Well-being
Authors: Brynjolfsson Erik , Collis Avinash , Eggers Felix
Published: March 2019

GDP and derived metrics such as productivity have been central to our understanding of economic progress and well-being. In principle, changes in consumer surplus provide a superior, and more direct, measure of changes in well-being, especially for digital goods. In practice, these alternatives have been difficult to quantify. We explore the potential of massive online choice experiments to measure consumer surplus. We illustrate this technique via several empirical examples which quantify the valuations of popular digital goods and categories. Our examples include incentive compatible discrete choice experiments where online and lab participants receive monetary compensation if and only if they forgo goods for pre-defined periods. For example, the median user needed a compensation of about $48 to forgo Facebook for one month. Our overall analyses reveal that digital goods have created large gains in well-being that are not reflected in conventional measures of GDP and productivity. By periodically querying a large, representative sample of goods and services, including those which are not priced in existing markets, changes in consumer surplus and other new measures of well-being derived from these online choice experiments have the potential for providing cost-effective supplements to the existing National Income and Product Accounts.
PENGEMBANGAN PERANGKAT PEMBELAJARAN BERBASIS MASALAH KONTEKSTUAL UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN METAKOGNISI SISWA SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Amir Mohammad Faizal
Published: March 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan perangkat pembelajaran berbasis masalah kontekstual untuk meningkatkan kemampuan metakognisi siswa sekolah dasar. Proses pengembangan perangkat terdiri dari tahap pendefinisian (define), perancangan (design), dan pengembangan (develop). Perangkat yang dikembangkan meliputi rencana pelaksanaan pembelajaran, lembar kerja, tes metakognisi, dan kuesioner kemampuan metakognisi pada materi Kelipatan Persekutuan Terkecil (KPK) dan Faktor Persekutuan Terbesar (FPB). Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan validasi ahli, observasi, kuesioner, dan tes. Subjek penelitian adalah siswa kelas lima SDN Kalitengah I Tanggulangin Sidoarjo. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perangkat pembelajaran berbasis masalah kontekstual yang dikembangkan berkualitas baik. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari keterlaksanaan pembelajaran berkatergori baik, aktivitas siswa berkategori baik, respon metakognisi siswa berkategori positif, ketuntasan hasil belajar metakognisi siswa secara klasikal tercapai. Kemampuan metakognisi siswa menunjukkan hal yang lebih baik dalam hal kesadaran merencanakan, memonitor, dan mengevaluasi proses pemecahan masalah saat dan sesudah pembelajaran berbasis masalah kontekstual.
Impact of Leadership styles on Information Technology (IT) in India
Authors: Singh Nirvik , Krishnan Purvi H. , Sharma Salil , Parekh Ruchir
Published: March 2019

This paper examines an experimental research went for distinguishing effective leadership styles for supervisors of Information Technology/Systems ventures. The examination analyzed the appropriateness of transformational Managers related to other basic achievement factors. The outcomes demonstrated that a mix of transformational and specialized initiative practices increase the viability of value-based authority prompting high venture achievement. While perceiving that there is no leadership style that is powerful in all undertaking circumstances, the examination suggests a basic yet adaptable style described by hierarchical impetus, scholarly incitement, conduct appeal, and unforeseen reward practices for upgraded leadership in IT projects. Available online at https://int-scientific-journals.com
PENGARUH KUALITAS PELAYANAN DAN KEPUASAN PELANGGAN TERHADAP LOYALITAS NASABAH PT BANK RAKYAT INDONESIA CABANG PADANG
Authors: Putra Yosep Eka , Aziz Nazaruddin
Published: March 2019

The aim of this study is to analyze the influence of service quality and customer satisfaction to customer loyalty at PT. Bank Rakyat Indonesia of Padang Branch Office. Samples are taken using Proportionate Cluster Random Sampling obtained of 100 customers. The study instrument is using questionnaire. The data is analyzed using Path Analysis. The result of the study showed that there is significant influence of service quality and customer satisfaction to customer loyalty. The influence of service quality to customer satisfaction is 61,5%, and the influence of service quality to customer loyalty is 54,6%. It is recommended to PT. Bank Rakyat Indonesia of Padang Branch Office to increase its service quality and customer satisfaction, because this study has proven that these variables have influenced to customer loyalty.
Where You Are, Not What You See: The Impact of Learning Environment on Mind Wandering and Material Retention
Authors: Varao-Sousa Trish , Mills Caitlin , Kingstone Alan
Published: March 2019

Online lectures are an increasingly popular tool for learning, yet research on instructor visibility during an online lecture, and students’ environmental settings, has not been well-explored. The current study addresses this gap in the literature by experimentally manipulating online display format and social learning settings to understand their influence on student learning and mind-wandering experiences. Results suggest that instructor visibility within an online lecture does not impact students’ MW or retention performance. However, we found some evidence that students’ social setting during viewing has an impact on MW (p = .05). Specifically, students who watched the lecture in a classroom with others reported significantly more MW than students who watched the lecture alone. Finally, social setting also moderated the negative relationship between MW and material retention. Our results demonstrate that learning experiences during online lectures can vary based on where, and with whom, the lectures are watched.
GDP-B: Accounting for the Value of New and Free Goods in the Digital Economy
Authors: Brynjolfsson Erik , Collis Avinash , Diewert W. Erwin , Eggers Felix , Fox Kevin J.
Published: March 2019

The welfare contributions of the digital economy, characterized by the proliferation of new and free goods, are not well-measured in our current national accounts. We derive explicit terms for the welfare contributions of these goods and introduce a new metric, GDP-B which quantifies their benefits, rather than costs. We apply this framework to several empirical examples including Facebook and smartphone cameras and estimate their valuations through incentive-compatible choice experiments. For example, including the welfare gains from Facebook would have added between 0.05 and 0.11 percentage points to GDP-B growth per year in the US.
A Future for Observational Epidemiology: Clarity, Credibility, Transparency
Authors: Harper Sam
Published: March 2019

Observational studies are ambiguous, difficult, and necessary for epidemiology. Presently there are concerns that the evidence produced by most observational studies in epidemiology is not credible and contributes to research waste. I argue that observational epidemiology could be improved by focusing greater attention on: 1) defining questions that make clear whether the inferential goal is descriptive or causal; 2) greater utilization of quantitative bias analysis and alternative research designs that aim to decrease the strength of assumptions needed to estimate causal effects; and 3) promoting, experimenting, and perhaps institutionalizing reproducible research standards as well as replication studies to evaluate the fragility of study findings in epidemiology. Greater clarity, credibility, and transparency in observational epidemiology will help to provide reliable evidence that can serve as a basis for making decisions about clinical or population health interventions.
DINOSAURS STILL IN LONG-TERM NET SPECIATION DECLINE BEFORE THE K-PG BOUNDARY
Authors: Sakamoto Manabu , Benton Michael J , Venditti Chris
Published: March 2019

A recent study in Nature Communications used ecological niche modelling (ENM) to project suitable habitat for dinosaurs during the latest stages of the Cretaceous Period (83-66 million years [Myr] ago) from detailed climate data, apparently refuting the hypothesis that dinosaurs were in a long-term decline before the Cretaceous-Paleogene (K-Pg) mass extinction event. However, we note here that: 1) suitable habitat does not necessarily equate to taxonomic diversity (i.e., number of species); and 2) lack of a decline in diversity across time intervals is not evidence against a gradual decline in net speciation through time – diversity and net speciation measure two separate things. Diversity measures the number of species within discrete time intervals, while phylogenetically inferred net speciation measures the dynamic relationship between speciation and extinction through time. Additionally, net speciation is estimated in a model framework that accounts for statistically undesired effects of shared ancestry, whereas diversity is not. Thus, diversity and net speciation are not directly comparable, and a lack of a decline in diversity does not necessarily refute a decline in net speciation through time.
Commentary: Real-world implications of apathy among older adults: Independent associations with activities of daily living and quality of life.
Authors: Di Gioia Tina  , Bortolotti Alessandro
Published: March 2019

Apathy refers to a set of behavioral, emotional and cognitive characteristics such as reduced interest and participation in the main activities of daily life, lack of initiative, a tendency to early withdrawal from the activities started, indifference and flattening of the affections. The work of Tierney et al.(2018) studied how much and if apathy contributes to the problems of managing daily activities and qualities and in the following work new tests have been added that could be useful to further improve the research and to improve the distinction between apathy and depression.
Inflexible social inference in individuals with subclinical persecutory delusional tendencies
Authors: Wellstein Katharina V. , Diaconescu Andreea Oliviana , Bischof Martin , Rüesch Annia , Paolini Gina , Aponte Eduardo A. , Ullrich Johannes , Stephan Klaas Enno
Published: March 2019

It has been suspected that abnormalities in social inference (e.g., learning others' intentions) play a key role in theformation of persecutory delusions (PD). In this study, we examined the association between subclinical PD andsocial inference, testing the prediction that proneness to PD is related to altered social inference and beliefs aboutothers' intentions. Weincluded 151 participants scoring on opposite ends of Freeman's Paranoia Checklist (PCL).The participants performed a probabilistic advice-taking task with a dynamically changing social context (volatility)under one of two experimental frames. These frames differentiallyemphasised possible reasons behind unhelpfuladvice: (i) the adviser's possible intentions (dispositional frame) or (ii) the rules of the game (situationalframe). Our design was thus 2 × 2 factorial (high vs. low delusional tendencies, dispositional vs. situationalframe). We found significant group-by-frame interactions, indicating that in the situational frame high PCLscorers took advice less into account than low scorers. Additionally, high PCL scorers believed more frequentlythat incorrect advice was delivered intentionally and that such misleading behaviour was directed towardsthem personally. Overall, our results suggest that social inference in individuals with subclinical PD tendenciesis shaped by negative prior beliefs about the intentions of others and is thus less sensitive to the attributionalframing of adviser-related information. These findings may help future attempts of identifying individuals atrisk for developing psychosis and understanding persecutory delusions in psychosis.
Temporal dynamics of the hypnotic response
Authors: Anlló Hernán , Hagege Joshua , Sackur Jérôme
Published: March 2019

To establish the temporal dynamics of hypnotic responding, we composed an Attentional Blink paradigm in which both the first and second targets were faces, either expressing neutral or angry emotions. We then suppressed the emotional advantage of angry faces by means of a “hypnotic numbing” suggestion. Hypnosis attenuated only the emotional salience of the second target (T2), suggesting that hypnosis’ effects were time and resource dependent. Additionally, we found that hypnosis fostered changes in the attentional task-set of all participants, regardless of their hypnotizability. By implementing drift-diffusion decision modelling, we found that hypnosis lowered decision thresholds. These results portray hypnotic responding as a two-tiered process: first, hypnosis alters the attentional task-set, then, provided processing and response preparation are not interrupted, a hypnotic response based on this altered task-set is produced through late cognitive control strategies dependent on hypnotic susceptibility.
Performance feedback promotes proactive but not reactive adaptation of conflict-control
Authors: Bejjani Christina , Tan Sophie , Egner Tobias
Published: March 2019

Cognitive control refers to the use of internal goals to guide how we process stimuli, and control can be applied proactively (in anticipation of a stimulus) or reactively (once that stimulus has been presented). The application of control can be guided by memory; for instance, people typically learn to adjust their level of attentional selectivity to changing task statistics, such as different frequencies of hard and easy trials in the Stroop task. This type of “control-learning” is highly adaptive, but its boundary conditions are currently not well understood. In the present study, we assessed how the presence of performance feedback shapes control-learning in the context of item-specific (reactive control, Experiments 1a and 1b) and list-wide (proactive control, Experiments 2a and 2b) proportion of congruency manipulations in a Stroop protocol. We found that performance feedback did not alter the modulation of the Stroop effect by item-specific cueing, but did enhance the modulation of the Stroop effect by a list-wide context. Performance feedback thus selectively promoted proactive, but not reactive, adaptation of cognitive control. These results have important implications for experimental designs, potential psychiatric treatment, and theoretical accounts of the mechanisms underlying control-learning.