bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Are indicated prevention and effective early intervention achievable goals for youth with bipolar mood disorders?
Authors: Hickie Ian B. , Scott Elizabeth M. , Ratheesh Aswin , Cotton Sue , Scott Jan , Iorfino Frank , Medland Sarah E. , Hasty Melissa , Macneil Craig , de Haan Zsofi , Herson Dorothy , Crouse Jacob J.
Published: January 2025

Compared with other areas of mental health research that are focused on the active and early management of youth presenting in the early stages of major mental disorders, there has been a relative lack of focus on young people with emerging or established bipolar disorders. Recently, this has stimulated both international professional societies (e.g., International Society for Bipolar Disorders [ISBD] Early Intervention Task Force) and funding agencies from Canada, UK, Australia, and the USA – including the Daymark Foundation (Jain et al. 2023), Wellcome Trust (2022), National Health and Medical Research Council, and BD2 – to promote a focus on identifying the major challenges in this field and gathering support for novel research and clinical service programmes.
Associations between the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) and Tests of Variables of Attention (TOVA) in rural school-aged children in Benin Africa
Authors: Zoumenou Roméo , Costet Nathalie , Boivin Michael J. , Wendland Jaqueline , Bodeau-Livinec Florence
Published: January 2025

Sub-Sahara Africa (SSA) children are at high-risk neurodevelopmentally due to the prevalence of infectious disease, nutritional deficiencies and compromised caregiving. However, few mental health screening measures are readily available for general use. The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) has been used as a mental health screening measure in the SSA, but its psychometric properties are not well understood. Five hundred and sixty-six mothers completed the SDQ for their 6-year-old children in rural Benin north of Cotonou. These were mothers who had been part of a malarial and intestinal parasite treatment program and micronutrient fortification intervention program during pregnancy for these children. Their study children (N = 519) completed the computerized Tests of Variables of Attention (TOVA-visual) as a performance-based screening assessment of attention deficit and hyperactivity disorders. In evaluating the relationship between the SDQ and TOVA, we controlled for maternal risk factors such as depression, poor socioeconomic status and educational level, along with the child’s schooling status. TOVA measures of impulsivity were significantly related to SDQ emotional and hyperactivity/inattention difficulties. TOVA inattention was related to SDQ emotional difficulties. The triangulation of maternal risk factors (e.g., depression), the SDQ and the TOVA can provide effective screening for mental health issues in SSA children.
A Tale of Two Jubas: Metastasian Opera and Racialized Difference
Authors: PERITZ JESSICA GABRIEL
Published: January 2025

Pietro Metastasio’s opera Catone in Utica (Rome, 1727) represents ancient Roman imperial politics through the recurring trope of ‘enslavement’. Reading Catone alongside Metastasio’s sources, from Lucan to Addison, reveals how the poet’s de-particularizing representational code converted historical modes of racialization into a generalizing Cartesian moral framework, and thereby demonstrates how the continuing influence of post-Enlightenment constructs of biological race has obscured the multiplicity of racialisms in earlier contexts. Turning from a physiological episteme to an earlier, ‘unassimilated space’ limned by poetics, sentimentality, and song, this article takes Metastasian opera seria as a window onto historically contingent conceptions of racialized difference.
The “One Carceral State”: Mass Incarceration and Carceral Citizenship in Palestine/Israel
Authors: Ben-Natan Smadar , Boulus Dana , Le Penne Shirley
Published: January 2025

Using the concept of the carceral state, this article articulates how Israel’s control of the West Bank and the Gaza Strip has shifted to a nondemocratic one-state paradigm. While, initially, Israel operated a separate military carceral system for these areas, between 2000 and 2006 it dismantled the military system, transferred most Palestinian prisoners into Israel, and rebranded its civilian prison service as the National Prison Authority, making it the sole agency responsible for the incarceration of Palestinians. This reorganization consolidated a single carceral system inside Israeli territory—the one carceral state— which serves as crucial evidence of the de facto one-state paradigm and forms a centerpiece of this new regime in Israel/Palestine. By analyzing a broad range of archival and administrative documents and 168 Supreme Court decisions on the management of prisons and Palestinian prisoners, this study reveals how the massive “exclusionary inclusion” of the Palestinian prisoner population in Israeli state law and its administrative mechanisms changes the entire landscape of the Israeli settler-colonial citizenship regime. Palestinian prisoners become “carceral citizens” of the “one state” and are subject to a parallel, alternate legality, in which they expand their repertoire of resistance against the wider racialized and repressive regime across Palestine/Israel.
Ion‐Mediated Tearing and Kink Instabilities in the Earth's Magnetosphere: Hybrid‐Vlasov Simulations
Authors: Zaitsev I. , Cozzani G. , Alho M. , Horaites K. , Zhou H. , Kit A. , Pfau‐Kempf Y. , Hoilijoki S. , Ganse U. , Battarbee M. , Papadakis K. , Suni J. , Dubart M. , Tesema‐Kebede F. , Workayehu A. , Tarvus V. , Kotipalo L. , Koikkalainen V. , Turc L. , Palmroth M.
Published: January 2025

We explore the three‐dimensional structure of ion‐kinetic instabilities in a thin current layer using a hybrid‐Vlasov simulation of the Earth's magnetosphere. The simulation shows the simultaneous growth of tearing and kinking instabilities, which develop in the Sun‐Earth and dawn‐dusk directions, respectively, within the magnetotail current sheet. The formation of flux ropes indicates the development of the tearing instability, while flapping‐type cross‐tail oscillations arise from the kink instability. We consider both instabilities as independent polarizations, albeit sharing a common source: demagnetized ions forming crescent‐shape distributions at the center of the current layer. These oscillations exhibit spatiotemporal characteristics within the proton‐scale range, featuring a growth time on the order of 40–80 proton gyroperiods and a wavelength of approximately 15–30 proton skin depths.
DNA replication stress underpins the vulnerability to oxidative phosphorylation inhibition in colorectal cancer
Authors: Zhao Xiao Hong , Han Man Man , Yan Qian Qian , Yue Yi Meng , Ye Kaihong , Zhang Yuan Yuan , Teng Liu , Xu Liang , Shi Xiao-Jing , La Ting , Feng Yu Chen , Xu Ran , Narayana Vinod K. , De Souza David P. , Quek Lake-Ee , Holst Jeff , Liu Tao , Baker Mark A. , Thorne Rick F. , Zhang Xu Dong , Jin Lei
Published: January 2025

Mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) is a therapeutic vulnerability in glycolysis-deficient cancers. Here we show that inhibiting OXPHOS similarly suppresses the proliferation and tumorigenicity of glycolytically competent colorectal cancer (CRC) cells in vitro and in patient-derived CRC xenografts. While the increased glycolytic activity rapidly replenished the ATP pool, it did not restore the reduced production of aspartate upon OXPHOS inhibition. This shortage in aspartate, in turn, caused nucleotide deficiencies, leading to S phase cell cycle arrest, replication fork stalling, and enrichment of the p53 pathway, manifestations of replication stress. The addition of purine nucleobases adenine and guanine along with the pyrimidine nucleoside uridine restored replication fork progression and cell proliferation, whereas the supplementation of exogenous aspartate recovered the nucleotide pool, demonstrating a causal role of the aspartate shortage in OXPHOS inhibition-induced nucleotide deficiencies and consequently replication stress and reductions in proliferation. Moreover, we demonstrate that glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase 1 (GOT1) is critical for maintaining the minimum aspartate pool when OXPHOS is inhibited, as knockdown of GOT1 further reduced aspartate levels and rendered CRC cells more sensitive to OXPHOS inhibition both in vitro and in vivo. These results propose GOT1 targeting as a potential avenue to sensitize cancer cells to OXPHOS inhibitors, thus lowering the necessary doses to efficiently inhibit cancer growth while alleviating their adverse effects.
The green hydrogen ambition and implementation gap
Authors: Odenweller Adrian , Ueckerdt Falko
Published: January 2025

Green hydrogen is critical for decarbonizing hard-to-electrify sectors, but it faces high costs and investment risks. Here we define and quantify the green hydrogen ambition and implementation gap, showing that meeting hydrogen expectations will remain challenging despite surging announcements of projects and subsidies. Tracking 190 projects over 3 years, we identify a wide 2023 implementation gap with only 7% of global capacity announcements finished on schedule. In contrast, the 2030 ambition gap towards 1.5 °C scenarios has been gradually closing as the announced project pipeline has nearly tripled to 422 GW within 3 years. However, we estimate that, without carbon pricing, realizing all these projects would require global subsidies of US$1.3 trillion (US$0.8–2.6 trillion range), far exceeding announced subsidies. Given past and future implementation gaps, policymakers must prepare for prolonged green hydrogen scarcity. Policy support needs to secure hydrogen investments, but should focus on applications where hydrogen is indispensable.
Phylogeographic analyses reveal recent dispersal and multiple Wolbachia infections of the bright-eyed ringlet Erebia oeme within the European mountain systems
Authors: Mewis Valentine , Wendt Martin , Schmitt Thomas
Published: January 2025

The genus Erebia comprises numerous species in Europe. Due to preference of cold environments, most species have disjunct distributions in the European mountain systems. However, their biogeographical patterns may differ significantly. The Bright-eyed ringlet Erebia oeme is widespread in high-altitude grasslands of the European high mountains, hence showing a disjunct distribution pattern. Over its distribution, E. oeme shows high morphological variability indicating pronounced intraspecific differentiation. We analysed two mitochondrial (COI, Cytb) and eight nuclear markers as well as the Wolbachia surface protein-coding gene (WSP). A total of four lineages were identified: two Balkan lineages, one Slovenian lineage as well as one lineage containing all other individuals (Alps, Massif Central, Pyrenees). COI data only indicate a fifth lineage in the southern Carpathians. The region of origin of E. oeme is most likely the western Balkans. From here, E. oeme spread to the eastern Balkan area and further to the southern Carpathians as well as to Slovenia, from where it rapidly crossed the Alps to Massif Central and Pyrenees. Wolbachia was found to be highly prevalent with multiple strains, partly within one population. However, recent Wolbachia impact on the mitochondrial DNA and consequently influence on the intraspecific genetic structure was not detected.
Assessment of salicylic acid and potassium nitrate to mitigate frost stress in autumn-sown potato crop cv. Sutlej
Authors: Haider Muhammad Wasim , Abbas Syed Mohsin , Hussain Tanveer , Akram Muhammad Tahir , Farooq Umar , Alwahibi Mona S. , Elshikh Mohamed S. , Shakeel Zaid , Nafees Muhammad , Rizwan Muhammad , Iqbal Rashid
Published: January 2025

Potato is cultivated all the year round in Pakistan. However, the major crop is the autumn crop which is planted in mid-October and contributes 80–85% of the total production. The abrupt climate change has affected the weather patterns all over the world, resulting in the reduction of the mean air temperature in autumn by almost 1.6 °C in Pakistan, which in turn, has adversely affected the crop performance and tuber yield. This trial, therefore, was conducted to optimize and evaluate the concentration of salicylic acid (SA) and potassium nitrate (KNO3) for inducing frost stress tolerance in an autumn-sown potato crop cv. Sutlej. The findings revealed that the foliar application of 0.5 mM SA significantly enhanced the growth, yield, fluorescent, and biochemical indices of potato plants outperforming 100 mM KNO₃ application in comparison with the control. This included increased plant height by 14% and 17.6%, leaf area index by 6.3% and 26.3%, shoot biomass by 15.4% and 46.2%, crop growth rate by 16.7% and 43.3%, average tuber weight by 8.2% and 23%, tuber diameter by 6.8% and 12.2%, tuber yield by 26.1% and 46.3%, leaf angle by 16.2% and 21.6%, quantum yield of photosystem II by 20.6% and 28.2%, photosynthetically active radiations by 20.5% and 32.4%, chlorophyll content by 6.3% and 14.6%, leaf thickness by 14% and 29%, linear electron flow by 20% and 32.7%, O–2 by 6% and 14.4%, H2O2 by 11.7% and 27.6%, enzyme activities of catalase by 20.7% and 28.5%, superoxide dismutase by 28.6% and 28.5%, peroxidase by 8.3% and 13.5%, ascorbate peroxidase by 17.2% and 37.8%, total protein by 21% and 37%, proline by 36.2% and 114%, and phenolic content by 33% and 63.3% with a reduction in non-photochemical quenching by 12.7% and 29.6%, non-regulatory energy dissipation by 169.5% and 268.5%, and leaf electrolyte leakage by 57.5% and 180%, compared to KNO3 and the control, respectively. Based on the above findings, it can be concluded and recommended that 0.5 mM foliar spray of SA can be utilized on potato crop cv. Sutlej in frost-sensitive regions. However, the application rate of KNO3 needs to be optimized in order to use its maximal frost stress tolerance potential.
Shallow-water mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) adapt to deep-sea environment through transcriptomic and metagenomic insights
Authors: Sun Luyang , Liu Xiaolu , Zhou Li , Wang Hao , Lian Chao , Zhong Zhaoshan , Wang Minxiao , Chen Hao , Li Chaolun
Published: January 2025

Recent studies have unveiled the deep sea as a rich biosphere, populated by species descended from shallow-water ancestors post-mass extinctions. Research on genomic evolution and microbial symbiosis has shed light on how these species thrive in extreme deep-sea conditions. However, early adaptation stages, particularly the roles of conserved genes and symbiotic microbes, remain inadequately understood. This study examined transcriptomic and microbiome changes in shallow-water mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis exposed to deep-sea conditions at the Site-F cold seep in the South China Sea. Results reveal complex gene expression adjustments in stress response, immune defense, homeostasis, and energy metabolism pathways during adaptation. After 10 days of deep-sea exposure, shallow-water mussels and their microbial communities closely resembled those of native deep-sea mussels, demonstrating host and microbiome convergence in response to adaptive shifts. Notably, methanotrophic bacteria, key symbionts in native deep-sea mussels, emerged as a dominant group in the exposed mussels. Host genes involved in immune recognition and endocytosis correlated significantly with the abundance of these bacteria. Overall, our analyses provide insights into adaptive transcriptional regulation and microbiome dynamics of mussels in deep-sea environments, highlighting the roles of conserved genes and microbial community shifts in adapting to extreme environments.
An electrochemical microsensor of the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein based on a surface-imprinted acupuncture needle
Authors: Liu Yan , Kong Xue , Zhang Yi , Zhou Xiumei , Yin Zheng-Zhi
Published: January 2025

A novel electrochemical microsensor was constructed on a traditional acupuncture needle (AN) and used to monitor a biomarker of the SARS-CoV-2-N protein.
A CRISPR/Cas12a-based competitive aptasensor for ochratoxin A detection
Authors: Zhu Fengxi , Zhao Qiang
Published: January 2025

A competitive aptasensor for ochratoxin A (OTA) using CRISPR/Cas12a as a signal amplifier with a streptavidin bridging aptamer and a DNA activator.
A hypoxia-targeting and hypoxia-responsive nano-probe for tumor detection and early diagnosis
Authors: Chen Yong , Wang Huimin , Xu Xiaodan , Xu Hongxia , Xiao Bing , Yuan Pengcheng , Shao Shiqun , Sun Wenjing , Zhou Zhuxian , Shen Youqing , Tang Jianbin
Published: January 2025

By combining hypoxia-targeting and hypoxia-responsive capabilities, HTRNP efficiently accumulates in tumor tissues and emits intense phosphorescence, thus enabling ultrasensitive detection of various tumor models, even of hundreds of cancer cells.
Stabilizing the interface of Li1.3Al0.3Ti1.7(PO4)3 and lithium electrodes via an interlayer strategy in solid-state batteries
Authors: Zhang Jinhan , Liu Guixian , Zhai Pengbo , Guo Xiangxin
Published: January 2025

A polyvinylidene carbonate:BN interlayer was constructed between Li1.3Al0.3Ti1.7(PO4)3 and the lithium electrode, enhancing the interfacial performance of solid-state batteries.
The chemistry of halide-based solid electrolytes: unlocking advances in solid-state Li-ion batteries
Authors: Molaiyan Palanivel , Jin Tingwu , Wang Shuo , dos Reis Glaydson Simoes , Petnikota Shaikshavali , Lassi Ulla , Paolella Andrea
Published: January 2025

Solid-state batteries (SSBs) represent a transformative advancement in electrochemical energy storage. They offer high energy density, enhanced safety, and broad operational temperature ranges, making them ideal for next-generation applications.
Thioether–NHC bidentate manganese complexes as efficient phosphine-free catalysts for hydrogenation at room temperature
Authors: Hruzd Mariia , Kleynemeyer Sabrina L. , Michon Christophe , Bastin Stéphanie , Pollet Eric , Ritleng Vincent , Sortais Jean-Baptiste
Published: January 2025

Phosphine-free manganese catalysts based on thioether–NHC ligands allow the hydrogenation of alkenes and ketones at room temperature.
Salt formation of cabozantinib with hydrochloric and hydrobromic acids – influence on the in vitro dissolution behavior and food effect
Authors: Ramesh Sreela , Zmeškalová Eliška , Kučeráková Monika , Zvoníček Vít , Šoóš Miroslav
Published: January 2025

Cabozantinib hydrochloride and hydrobromide salts are thermally stable, non-hygroscopic, and the hydrobromide salt shows potential to reduce the positive food effect of the marketed l-malate salt.
Thermal management broadband-emitting device based on VO2 applied in the mid-infrared band
Authors: Zheng Ying , Wang Zhiyou , Song Qianju , Yi Zao , Cheng Shubo , Yi Yougen
Published: January 2025

This article designs a dynamic thermal emitter based on phase change material VO2. This structure avoids emission loss at low temperatures and increases heat dissipation at high temperatures.
Recent progress and perspectives on composite structural layered transition metal oxides for sodium-ion batteries
Authors: Fan Zhiyang , Li Yichen , Pan Jiawei , Zhou Zhiyou , Li Weipeng , Yang Taifan , Zhang Haihan , Shu Chengyong , Hua Weibo , Wu Yuping , Tang Wei
Published: January 2025

This review highlights the advancements in composite structural LTMOs for sodium-ion batteries, focusing on their structure–function–performance relationships and offering insights into methodologies to develop more efficient battery materials.
An ultra-high output self-managed power system based on a multilayer magnetic suspension hybrid nanogenerator for harvesting water wave energy
Authors: Lou Ying , Li Mengfan , Yu Aifang , Wang Zhong Lin , Zhai Junyi
Published: January 2025

The highly coupled energy self-management power system achieves a synergistic effect of 1 + 1 > 2 for a triboelectric–electromagnetic hybrid nanogenerator and efficiently enables water wave energy harvesting.
Superthermal solar interfacial evaporation is not due to reduced latent heat of water
Authors: Zhang James H. , Mittapally Rohith , Lv Guangxin , Chen Gang
Published: January 2025

Reduced latent heat of water in solar evaporating materials cannot explain superthermal rates due to the full energy balance and vapor kinetic limitations. New mechanistic studies need to be pursued to understand superthermal solar evaporation.
Effects of hawthorn pectin and its oligomers on gut microbiota and metabolites in high-fat diet mice
Authors: Zhang Xiushan , Cui Yanmin , Zhang Zuoyi , Huang Xin , Zhang Xiaowei , Hu Xiaopei , Li Tuoping , Li Suhong
Published: January 2025

Hawthorn pectin oligosaccharides (POS) improve lipid metabolism disorders is related to regulating gut microbiota and its metabolites, as well as restoring the intestinal barrier and this improvement effect varies depending on DP.
Valorization of harmful substances in the chemical recycling of polyvinyl chloride
Authors: Zhu Maiyong , Jiang Xinyao
Published: January 2025

This feature article provides a comprehensive summary of the valorization of substances in the chemical recycling of polyvinyl chloride.
Cascade fractionation of poplar into xylose, glucan oligomers and less-condensed lignin via synergistic formic acid–LiBr molten salt hydrate pretreatment
Authors: Xia Weiyu , Shao Lupeng , Wang Chao , Liu Yu , Zeng Xianhai , Xu Feng
Published: January 2025

Cascade fractionation of poplar via synergistic FA–MSH pretreatment.
Natural wood as a lithium metal host
Authors: Chen Wei-Jing , Yu Shang-Jie , Sun Qian , Shen Xin , Shi Peng , Yuan Tong-Qi , Lu Zhaoqing
Published: January 2025

Natural wood with an exquisite 3D interconnected hierarchical porous structure is employed as a Li host. The wood host is conducive to regulating Li plating/stripping behavior, leading to reduced polarization and prolonged lifespan.
Microfluidic vessel-on-chip platform for investigation of cellular defects in venous malformations and responses to various shear stress and flow conditions
Authors: Ansarizadeh Mohammadhassan , Nguyen Hoang-Tuan , Lazovic Bojana , Kettunen Jere , De Silva Laknee , Sivakumar Ragul , Junttila Pauliina , Rissanen Siiri-Liisa , Hicks Ryan , Singh Prateek , Eklund Lauri
Published: January 2025

In-line shear stress modulation and cell microscopic analysis.
Facile coating of low-molecular-weight stretchable adhesive films leveraging carbodiimide-to-urea conversion and gallic acid for enhanced adhesion
Authors: Sekita Daiki , Fujita Hajime , Mizuno Yosuke , Horii Tatsuhiro , Hata Takeshi , Fujie Toshinori
Published: January 2025

Adhesive coating based on gallol and a urea precursor enhanced adhesiveness due to abundant hydrogen bonds without impairing the stretchability of elastomers.
Design and investigation of a new two-dimensional cobalt metal–organic framework for highly sensitive electrochemical detection of the nitrofurazone drug in food and biological samples
Authors: Leelasree T. , Aggarwal Himanshu
Published: January 2025

A new two-dimensional cobalt MOF (2D-Co MOF) has been designed and studied to detect nitrofurazone (NFZ), a nitrofuran antibiotic. The MOF sensor demonstrates excellent sensitivity in detecting NFZ, with a remarkably low detection limit of 0.04 μM.
Why does silicon have an indirect band gap?
Authors: Oliphant Emily , Mantena Veda , Brod Madison , Snyder G. Jeffrey , Sun Wenhao
Published: January 2025

A new strategy to trace the chemical bonding origins of band structure explains silicon's unusual low-symmetry conduction band minimum.
Chemodivergent and diastereoselective synthesis of syn- and anti-cyclopentenyl spiroisoxazolones under ball-milling conditions
Authors: Xu Peng , Li Ming-Jun , Diao Honglin , Shao Ning , He Zeng-Yang , Fan Shi-Zhu , Zhang Ze , Xu Hui
Published: January 2025

Controllable spiroannulation of arylidene isoxazolones with enamino esters under ball-milling conditions enables the diastereoselective synthesis of both syn- and anti-configurational cyclopentene-spiroisoxazolones.
Enhanced upconversion and photoconductive nanocomposites of lanthanide-doped nanoparticles functionalized with low-vibrational-energy inorganic ligands
Authors: Pan Jia-Ahn , Qi Xiao , Chan Emory M.
Published: January 2025

Upconverting nanoparticles are coated with inorganic ligands that enhance their luminescence and allow them to be integrated into electronic devices.
Regulation of the inter-relationship between the dispersion of Ni and suitable SAPO-11 acidity via solid-state synthesis in n-hexane hydroisomerization
Authors: Wang Lijun , Wang Yujia , Jiang Tao , Tai Weiwei , Sun Na , Han Qiao
Published: January 2025

A one-step solid-phase synthesis method for regulating the inter-relationship between the dispersion of Ni and suitable SAPO-11 acidity was employed to develop a highly efficient hydroisomerization catalyst.
Ancillary ligand-induced variation in electronic spectral and catalytic properties of heteroleptic ONO-pincer complexes of ruthenium
Authors: Dhibar Papu , Chandra Anushri , Paul Piyali , Bhattacharya Samaresh
Published: January 2025

Four Ru(ii) complexes bearing a dipicolinate pincer ligand and selected ancillary ligands were synthesized. They show intense absorption and prominent emission in the visible region, and efficiently catalyse transfer-hydrogenation of ketones.
Low-dosage KOH assisted activation for preparation of sodium humate-based porous carbon electrodes for supercapacitors
Authors: Gong Xianhong , Sun Rui , Cui Bo , Pan Zhengguang , Yang Rui , Xie Guiming
Published: January 2025

In this paper, the oxygen-rich hierarchical porous carbon was prepared by using sodium humate, which is rich in oxygen functional groups, as a precursor, and low-dosage KOH assisted activation of the carbon skeleton.
An in situ grown NiFe-based MOF for efficient oxygen evolution in alkaline seawater at high current densities
Authors: Hu Yawen , Zhao Xin , Min Yulin , Xu Qunjie , Li Qiaoxia
Published: January 2025

A water-stable, amino-functionalized layered bimetallic Ni–Fe MOF on an NF substrate (NFN-MOF/NF) was successfully synthesized using a simple one pot method, exhibiting excellent OER catalytic activity and stability in alkaline environments.
Engineering ZIF-8@Ag core–satellite superstructures through solvent-induced tunable self-assembly for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Chen Yanyan , Xia Yan , Lyu Mengqi , Jiang Ming , Hong Yutong , Guo Zhenghong , Li Juan , Fang Zhengping
Published: January 2025

A novel method utilizing solvent-induced assembly of Ag NPs onto ZIF-8 to create ZIF-8@Ag core–satellite superstructures for improved SERS. Customizable structures and enhanced performance make it a promising approach for SERS sensors.
Sustainable catalysts in a short time: harnessing bacteria for swift palladium nanoparticle production
Authors: Kamanina Olga A. , Rybochkin Pavel V. , Borzova Daria V. , Soromotin Vitaliy N. , Galushko Alexey S. , Kashin Alexey S. , Ivanova Nina M. , Zvonarev Anton N. , Suzina Natalia E. , Holicheva Angelina A. , Boiko Daniil A. , Arlyapov Vyacheslav A. , Ananikov Valentine P.
Published: January 2025

Adapting biological systems for nanoparticle synthesis opens an orthogonal Green direction in nanoscience by reducing the reliance on harsh chemicals and energy-intensive procedures.
Recent progress in C–S bond formation via electron donor–acceptor photoactivation
Authors: Wang Sichang , Wang Liting , Cui Jin , Zhang Liying , Zhang Qunzheng , Ke Congyu , Huang Shenlin
Published: January 2025

This review summarizes recent progress in EDA complex-promoted C–S bond formation using various sulfur-containing substrates under mild conditions via visible light irradiation.
BF3·Et2O-promoted unconventional reactions of 2-oxoaldehyde: access to 4-amidooxazoles and β-keto amides/sulphonamides
Authors: Hussain Padder Ashiq , Ghora Bhawna , Hussain Feroze , Bhat Mohammad Yaqoob , Ahmed Qazi Naveed
Published: January 2025

This study investigates the potential of boron trifluoride etherate (BF3·OEt2) to trigger unprecedented reactions of 2-oxoaldehydes with nitriles and amides/sulphonamides.
Copper-catalysed radical cascade reaction of N-(2-oxo-2-phenylethyl) substituted 2-pyridones with styrene to access 1,6-carboannulated 2-pyridone scaffolds
Authors: Jin Shengkui , Hao Liqiang , Li Cunneng , Liu Xian , Yu Xiao , Mao Jiaqian , Ding Dong , Ji Yafei
Published: January 2025

Herin, we present a DTBP-mediated 3 + 2 cycloaddition reaction between N-(2-oxo-2-phenylethyl) substituted 2-pyridones  and styrene; this reaction can afford 1,6-carboannulated 2-pyridone scaffolds with up to 79% yields.
Frontal polymerization of thiol–acrylate covalent adaptable networks
Authors: Schmidleitner Christoph , Kriehuber Matthias Udo , Korotkov Roman , Schlögl Sandra , Rossegger Elisabeth
Published: January 2025

Herein, energy-efficient curing is combined with the versatility of dynamic polymer networks. The resulting materials show fast stress relaxation via transesterification reactions and can be reprocessed and reshaped at elevated temperatures.
Regulation of TS-1 zeolite morphology by crystallization modifiers to boost the oxidative reactions
Authors: Zhang Jiani , Bai Risheng , Zhou Shiyu , Li Jiyang
Published: January 2025

A strategy assisted by crystal growth modifiers (CGMs) has been proposed to effectively customize the morphology of TS-1 zeolites, enhancing their selectivity and activity in targeted catalytic reactions.
Designing a novel perovskite-type KCd(NH2SO3)3 with deep-ultraviolet transparency and strong second-harmonic generation response
Authors: Fan Yujie , Zhong Li , Tian Haotian , Lin Chensheng , Wu Lingli , Yan Tao , Luo Min
Published: January 2025

We modified the perovskite ABX3 structure by substituting X-site with NH2SO3−, using Cd2+ at B-site and K+ at A-site. This resulted in DUV transparency (<190 nm), strong SHG (>1.1 × KDP), and easy growth (20 × 17 × 5 mm3).
Tunable luminescent lanthanide cluster-based hydrogel probe for ratiometric detection of ofloxacin, anti-counterfeiting, and magnetocaloric applications
Authors: Wang Tian-Tian , Wang Hao , Sun Wen-Bin
Published: January 2025

A series of Ln14 clusters is reported, in which Gd14 exhibits a pronounced magnetocaloric effect, and Tb9Eu5 functions as the first lanthanide cluster-based ratiometric luminescent probe for detecting ofloxacin.
Skeletal editing of pyrimidines: new approaches to diverse high energy density materials
Authors: Du Xinyu , Lai Qi , Zhang Shanjun , Yin Ping , Xia Yingqi , Pang Siping
Published: January 2025

Exploring the structural diversity of skeletons is a pivotal strategy for seeking new energetic materials.
Influencing optical and charge transport properties by controlling the molecular interactions of merocyanine thin films
Authors: Böhner Lukas , Weitkamp Philipp , Limböck Thorsten , Gildemeister Nora , Fazzi Daniele , Schiek Manuela , Bruker Ruth , Hertel Dirk , Schäfer Roland , Lindfors Klas , Meerholz Klaus
Published: January 2025

Combination of optical and transport measurements on merocyanine films indicates an impact of aggregation on excitonic and transport properties. The number of coupled molecules is tuned changing transport from hopping to multiple trapping/detrapping.
Recent advances in enantioselective construction of C–N bonds involving radical intermediates
Authors: Sun Jiaqiong , Zheng Guangfan , Zhang Ge , Li Yan , Zhang Qian
Published: January 2025

This review offers a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in the asymmetric construction of C–N bonds involving radical intermediates.
Unravelling the pH-dependent mechanism of ferroelectric polarization on different dynamic pathways of photoelectrochemical water oxidation
Authors: Ji Xing , Zhu Zhouhao , Zhou Ming , Zhang Ying , Gan Liyong , Zhang Yunhuai , Xiao Peng
Published: January 2025

Free energy, together with the coverage of intermediate states, can scale the effect of ferroelectric polarization on photoelectrocatalytic performance during the different dynamic pathways of the oxygen evolution reaction.
One- and two-particle microrheology of soft materials based on optical-flow image analysis
Authors: Brizioli Matteo , Escobedo-Sánchez Manuel A. , McCall Patrick M. , Roichman Yael , Trappe Veronique , Gardel Margaret L. , Egelhaaf Stefan U. , Giavazzi Fabio , Cerbino Roberto
Published: January 2025

We propose optical flow microrheology (OFM), a novel tracking-free approach to probe the rheology of soft materials.
Dual protective layer on lithium metal anodes for improved electrochemical performance – in-depth morphological characterization
Authors: Bela Marlena M. , Mense Maximilian , Greiwe Sebastian , Stan Marian C. , Wiemers-Meyer Simon , Winter Martin , Börner Markus
Published: January 2025

Dual protective layers on the surface of lithium metal electrodes can largely enhance stability and cycle life.
Self-assembled SnO2/COF catalysts for improved electro-synthesis of hydrogen peroxide
Authors: Wang Guoliang , Bao Zhikang , Li Yuanan , Wang Yabing , Cui Xuejiao , Zhong Haochong , Fang Wenjuan , Wang Jianguo
Published: January 2025

The electrochemical oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) via a two-electron pathway offers a sustainable route for on-site hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production.
Unraveling the light-promoted synergy between highly dispersed Ni and Ni nanoparticles for efficient photothermocatalytic cellulose steam reforming to syngas
Authors: Zhong Mengqi , Li Yuanzhi , Wu Jichun , Ji Cong , Du Qing , Hu Qianqian , Ji Lei
Published: January 2025

10Ni/MgOET catalyst with a unique light-promoted synergy enabled a sustainable strategy for efficiently converting abundant biomass into syngas with excellent durability.
Programmable short peptides for modulating stem cell fate in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine
Authors: Vishwanath Rohan , Biswas Abhijit , Modi Unnati , Gupta Sharad , Bhatia Dhiraj , Solanki Raghu
Published: January 2025

The schematic representation of biomedical applications of short peptides in cancer therapy, regenerative medicine, and tissue engineering.
Stability and performance improvement of cesium tin halide perovskites with astaxanthin treatment
Authors: Nakamanya Barbara , Yu Nan , Kakooza Tonny , Sun Qianwen , Balilonda Andrew , Yang Shengyuan , Zhu Meifang
Published: January 2025

Due to effective coordination, hydrogen and electron donation activities, a high PCE of 10.5% and excellent stability after 1000 hours of storage were achieved in an astaxanthin treated PSC.
Ultra broadband yellow emitting lead-free metal halide perovskite like compounds with near-unity emission quantum yields
Authors: Khan Sayed Ali , Khan Noor Zamin , Ahmed Jahangeer , Runowski Marcin , Alshehri Saad M , Agathopoulos Simeon , Teat Simon J. , Li Jing
Published: January 2025

Metal halide perovskites (MHPs) are interesting semiconductor materials with potential for use in optoelectronic and photonic devices.
Reactive spark plasma sintering of YAG–YAG:Ce composite phosphor ceramics for laser-driven lighting with high luminous efficacy
Authors: Fang Hailiang , Li Lei , Zhou Beiying , Li Weijie , Gu Shijia , Zheng Qi , Wang Lianjun , Jiang Wan
Published: January 2025

A novel approach utilizing reactive spark plasma sintering of mesoporous Y2O3 and Al2O3 powders and YAG:Ce phosphors is developed. Attributing to the enhanced driving forces, YAG-YAG:Ce CPCs were prepared at reduced sintering temperature.
Correction: Responses of CO2 and CH4 in the alpine wetlands of the Tibetan Plateau to warming and nitrogen and phosphorus additions
Authors: Zhang Wenbao , Xin Huijuan , Li Zongxing , Cui Qiao , Xu Bin , Tang Biao , Wang Yaning , Xu Chong , Xue Jian
Published: January 2025

Correction for ‘Responses of CO2 and CH4 in the alpine wetlands of the Tibetan Plateau to warming and nitrogen and phosphorus additions’ by Wenbao Zhang et al.,Environ. Sci.: Processes Impacts, 2024, 26, 1516–1525, https://doi.org/10.1039/D4EM00174E.
Purpose in Life After Brain Injury: Expanding the Focus and Impact of Interdisciplinary Rehabilitation
Authors: Covington Natalie V. , Vruwink Olivia , Radomski Mary Vining
Published: January 2025

Purpose:

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a life-altering event that can abruptly and drastically derail an individual's expected life trajectory. While some adults who have sustained a TBI go on to make a full recovery, many live with persisting disability many years postinjury. Helping patients adjust to and flourish with disability that may persist should be as much a part of rehabilitative practice as addressing impairment, activity, and participation-level changes after TBI. Living with a sense of purpose in daily life has been shown to provide numerous health and psychological benefits in the general population, especially in the face of major life transitions. In this article, we argue that rehabilitative professionals across disciplines can fruitfully leverage the construct of purpose in life to lend structure, meaning, and intrinsic motivation to TBI rehabilitation and to the recrafting of lives in the aftermath of unexpected change.

Method:

We provide a narrative review of the literature relevant to recovery and long-term well-being after TBI and of the role of purpose in daily life in promoting well-being in the general population. We then outline avenues for, and potential benefits of, incorporating a focus on purpose in life into TBI rehabilitation and discuss future directions in purpose-in-life rehabilitation research.

Conclusion:

We propose that an overarching rehabilitative focus on purpose in daily life could improve well-being after TBI by grounding therapeutic services in a construct that meaningfully connects traditional rehabilitation targets to patients' broader lives, while concurrently addressing injury-related purpose disruption, in order to promote flourishing after brain injury irrespective of a person's degree of functional recovery.
Understanding observational characteristics of solar flare current sheets
Authors: Ren Zining , Wang Yulei , Cheng Xin , Ding Mingde
Published: January 2025

Context. The elongated bright structures above solar flare loops are suggested to be current sheets, where magnetic reconnection takes place. Observations have revealed various characteristics of the current sheet; however, their physical origin remains to be ascertained.

Aims. In this study we aim to reveal the relations of observational characteristics of current sheets with the fundamental processes of magnetic reconnection.

Methods. Using high-resolution 3D magnetohydrodynamic simulations of turbulent magnetic reconnection within a solar flare current sheet, we synthesized the remote-sensing observations of the current sheet and determined their physical properties.

Results. Turbulent magnetic reconnection can significantly broaden the apparent width of the current sheet, which is much larger than the realistic physical width because of the superposition effect. The differential emission measures of the current sheet have two peaks; the high-temperature component is spatially related to confirmed small-scale reconnection sites, showing that the current sheet is directly heated by reconnection. Moreover, we demonstrate that strong turbulence can cause the nonthermal broadening of spectral lines at both the current sheet and flare loop-top regions. A strong correlation between them in time is also observed.

Conclusions. Our 3D turbulent magnetic reconnection flare model can be used to interpret primary observational characteristics of the elongated bright current sheets of solar flares.
Improvements to monoscopic analysis for imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes: Application to H.E.S.S.
Authors: Unbehaun Tim , Lang Rodrigo Guedes , Deka Baruah Anita , Bedur Ramesh Prajath , Celic Jelena , Mohrmann Lars , Steinmassl Simon , Olivera-Nieto Laura , Hinton Jim , Funk Stefan
Published: January 2025

Imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes (IACTs) detect γ rays by measuring the Cherenkov light emitted by secondary particles in the air shower when the γ rays hit the atmosphere of the Earth. Given usual distances between telescopes in IACT arrays, at low energies (≲100 GeV), the limited amount of Cherenkov light produced typically implies that the event is registered by one IACT only. Such events are called monoscopic events, and their analysis is particularly difficult. Challenges include the reconstruction of the event’s arrival direction, energy, and the rejection of background events due to charged cosmic rays. Here, we present a set of improvements, including a machine-learning algorithm to determine the correct orientation of the image in the camera frame, an intensity-dependent selection cut that ensures optimal performance across all energies, and a collection of new image parameters. To quantify these improvements, we make use of simulations and data from the 28-m diameter central telescope of the H.E.S.S. IACT array. Knowing the correct image orientation, which corresponds to the arrival direction of the photon in the camera frame, is especially important for the angular reconstruction, which could be improved in resolution by 57% at 100 GeV. The event selection cut, which now depends on the total measured intensity of the events, leads to a reduction of the low-energy threshold for source analyses by ~50%. The new image parameters characterize the intensity and time distribution within the recorded images and complement the traditionally used Hillas parameters in the machine learning algorithms. We evaluate their importance to the algorithms in a systematic approach and carefully evaluate associated systematic uncertainties. We find that including subsets of the new variables in machine-learning algorithms improves the reconstruction and background rejection, resulting in a sensitivity improved by 41% at the low-energy threshold. Finally, we apply the new analysis to data from the Crab Nebula and estimate systematic uncertainties introduced by the new method.
Detection of thioacetaldehyde (CH3CHS) in TMC-1: Sulfur-oxygen differentiation along the hydrogenation sequence
Authors: Agúndez M. , Molpeceres G. , Cabezas C. , Marcelino N. , Tercero B. , Fuentetaja R. , de Vicente P. , Cernicharo J.
Published: January 2025

In recent years, the chemistry of sulfur in the interstellar medium has experienced renewed interest due to the detection of a large variety of molecules containing sulfur. We report the first identification in space of a new S-bearing molecule, thioacetaldehyde (CH3CHS), which is the sulfur counterpart of acetaldehyde (CH3CHO). The astronomical observations are part of QUIJOTE, a Yebes 40 m Q-band line survey of the cold dense cloud TMC-1. We detected seven individual lines corresponding to A and E components of the four most favorable rotational transitions of CH3CHS covered in the Q band (31.0–50.3 GHz). Assuming a rotational temperature of 9 K, we derive a column density of 9.8 × 1010 cm−2 for CH3CHS, which implies that it is 36 times less abundant than its oxygen counterpart CH3CHO. By comparing the column densities of the O- and S-bearing molecules detected in TMC-1, we find that as molecules increase their degree of hydrogenation, sulfur-bearing molecules become less abundant than their oxygen analog. That is, hydrogenation seems to be less favored for S-bearing molecules than for O-bearing ones in cold sources such as TMC-1. We explored potential formation pathways to CH3CHS and implemented them into a chemical model, which underestimates the observed abundance of thioacetaldehyde by several orders of magnitude, however. Quantum chemical calculations carried out for one of the potential formation pathways, the S + C2H5 reaction, indicate that formation of CH3CHS is only a minor channel in this reaction.
Zonal fields as catalysts and inhibitors of turbulence-driven magnetic islands
Authors: Villa D. , Dubuit N. , Agullo O. , Garbet X.
Published: January 2025

A novel coalescence process is shown to take place in plasma fluid simulations, leading to the formation of large-scale magnetic islands that become dynamically important in the system. The parametric dependence of the process on the plasma β and the background magnetic shear is studied, and the process is broken down at a fundamental level, allowing us to clearly identify its causes and dynamics. The formation of magnetic-island-like structures at the spatial scale of the unstable modes is observed quite early in the non-linear phase of the simulation for most cases studied, as the unstable modes change their structure from interchange-like to tearing-like. This is followed by a slow coalescence process that evolves these magnetic structures toward larger and larger scales, adding to the large-scale tearing-like modes that already form by direct coupling of neighboring unstable modes, but remain sub-dominant without the contribution from the smaller scales through coalescence. The presence of the cubic non-linearities retained in the model is essential in the dynamics of this process. The zonal fields are key actors of the overall process, acting as mediators between the competitive mechanisms from which turbulence-driven magnetic islands can develop. The zonal current is found to slow down the formation of large-scale magnetic islands, acting as an inhibitor, while the zonal flow is needed to allow the system to transfer energy to the larger scales, acting as a catalyst for the island formation process.
Estimating realized relatedness in free-ranging macaques by inferring identity-by-descent segments
Authors: Freudiger Annika , Jovanovic Vladimir M. , Huang Yilei , Snyder-Mackler Noah , Conrad Donald F. , Miller Brian , Montague Michael J. , Westphal Hendrikje , Stadler Peter F. , Bley Stefanie , Horvath Julie E. , Brent Lauren J. N. , Platt Michael L. , Ruiz-Lambides Angelina , Tung Jenny , Nowick Katja , Ringbauer Harald , Widdig Anja
Published: January 2025

Biological relatedness is a key consideration in studies of behavior, population structure, and trait evolution. Except for parent–offspring dyads, pedigrees capture relatedness imperfectly. The number and length of identical-by-descent DNA segments (IBD) yield the most precise relatedness estimates. Here, we leverage different methods for estimating IBD segments from low-depth whole genome resequencing data to demonstrate the feasibility and value of resolving fine-scaled gradients of relatedness in free-living animals. Using primarily 4 to 6× depth data from a rhesus macaque (
Macaca mulatta
) population with long-term pedigree data, we show that we can infer the number and length of IBD segments across the genome with high accuracy even at 0.5× sequencing depth. In line with expectations based on simulation, the resulting estimates demonstrate substantial variation in genetic relatedness within kin classes, leading to overlapping distributions between kin classes. By comparing the IBD-based estimates with pedigree and short tandem repeat-based methods, we show that IBD estimates are more reliable and provide more detailed information on kinship. The inferred IBD segments also identify cryptic genetic relatives not represented in the pedigree and reveal elevated recombination rates in females relative to males, which enables the majority of close maternal and paternal kin to be distinguished with genotype data alone. Our findings represent a breakthrough in the ability to study the predictors and consequences of genetic relatedness in natural populations, contributing to our understanding of a fundamental component of population structure in the wild.
Self-mentions and stakeholders in climate change discourse
Authors: Nervino Esterina , Wang Jiaying , Ma Chaojun
Published: January 2025

The aim of this study is to provide an overview of the perspectives of various stakeholders involved in climate change discourse within the financial sector. This paper focuses on sustainability and analyzes a corpus of approximately 30,000 words derived from the sustainability reports of four of the top 100 banks, as identified in the 2022 Standard and Poor’s ranking. The study utilizes corpus analysis tools to identify metadiscursive interactional features of self-mention (Hyland, 2005) and references to stakeholders, highlighting how these banks position themselves and engage with stakeholders in discussions related to climate change. It contributes to the literature on financial discourse and climate change and offers insights for companies seeking financial support by aligning their applications with bank narratives.