bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Time‐frequency mapping of the rhythmic limb movements distinguishes convulsive epileptic from psychogenic nonepileptic seizures
Authors: Bayly Jade , Carino John , Petrovski Slavé , Smit Michelle , Fernando Dilini A. , Vinton Anita , Yan Bernard , Gubbi Jayavardhana R. , Palaniswami Marimuthu S. , O'Brien Terence J.
Published: May 2013

Purpose

A definite diagnosis of psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES) usually requires in‐patient video–electroencephalography (EEG) monitoring. Previous research has shown that convulsive psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES) demonstrate a characteristic pattern of rhythmic movement artifact on the EEG. Herein we sought to examine the potential for time‐frequency mapping of data from a movement‐recording device (accelerometer) worn on the wrist as a diagnostic tool to differentiate between convulsive epileptic seizures and PNES.

Methods

Time‐frequency mapping was performed on accelerometer traces obtained during 56 convulsive seizure‐like events from 35 patients recorded during in‐patient video‐EEG monitoring. Twenty‐six patients had PNES, eight had epileptic seizures, and one had both seizure types. The time‐frequency maps were derived from fast Fourier transformations to determine the dominant frequency for sequential 2.56‐s blocks for the course of each event.

Key Findings

The coefficient of variation (CoV) of limb movement frequency for the PNES events was less than for the epileptic seizure events (median, 17.18% vs. 52.23%; p < 0.001). A blinded review of the time‐frequency maps by an epileptologist was accurate in differentiating between the event types, that is, 38 (92.7%) of 41 and 6 (75%) of 8 nonepileptic and epileptic seizures, respectively, were diagnosed correctly, with seven events classified as “nondiagnostic.” Using a CoV cutoff score of 32% resulted in similar classification accuracy, with 42 (93%) of 45 PNES and 10 (91%) of 11 epileptic seizure events correctly diagnosed.

Significance

Time‐frequency analysis of data from a wristband movement monitor could be utilized as a diagnostic tool to differentiate between epileptic and nonepileptic convulsive seizure‐like events.
Anthropogenic changes to leaf litter input affect the fitness of a larval amphibian
Authors: Stephens Jeffrey P. , Berven Keith A. , Tiegs Scott D.
Published: May 2013

Human activities, invasive species and climate change have altered the composition of native forest plant communities in North America. These changes have, in turn, altered the composition of leaf litter in woodland ponds with consequences for the organisms they harbour, such as amphibian larvae.

We used mesocosms to assess how 10 species of allochthonous litter, which differ in their regional abundance and chemical composition, affect ephemeral ponds. We were particularly interested in effects on larval amphibian fitness, including metamorphic mass, larval period and survival.

Litter had strong effects on the fitness of larval wood frogs (Lithobates sylvaticus), water chemistry, and phytoplankton and periphyton biomass in the mesocosms. Litter from green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica), a tree species in decline, enabled frog larvae to grow larger, develop faster and survive better than larvae from other litter treatments. Interestingly, three invasive wetland plant species produced heavy metamorphs, with shorter larval periods and higher survival relative to native wetland plants. Litter from red maple (Acer rubrum, now among the most abundant native trees in the eastern United States), cattail (Typha latifolia) and sedge (Carex stricta) produced metamorphs that were small and survived poorly.

Mass at metamorphosis was best explained by litter quality (carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus content) and primary producer biomass, while survival and larval period were best explained by a combination of litter quality, primary producer biomass and water chemistry (polyphenolics andpH). Additionally, litter quality and primary producer biomass explained differences in the elemental composition of metamorphs. Lastly, our data suggest that litter nitrogen may be a limiting resource that affects the export of metamorphic frog biomass from ephemeral ponds.

Overall, our results indicate that anthropogenic changes in plant communities lead to changes in the quality of allochthonous litter input and strongly affect amphibian fitness.
MYC status determination in aggressive B‐cell lymphoma: the impact of FISH probe selection
Authors: Muñoz‐Mármol Ana M , Sanz Carolina , Tapia Gustavo , Marginet Ruth , Ariza Aurelio , Mate José L
Published: May 2013

Aims

To assess how hybridization probe design may affect MYC status determination in Burkitt lymphoma and diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma.

Methods and results

We compared the results obtained with one dual‐fusion and two break‐apart commercial probes in a retrospective series of 91 aggressive B‐cell lymphomas. All three probes were able to detect the IGH–MYC translocation in every case bearing it (13/13). However, seven of 13 (54%) non‐IGH–MYC (light‐chain immunoglobulin or non‐immunoglobulin‐MYC) rearrangements were unambiguously detected by just one of the probes tested. On the other hand, when the IGH–MYC dual‐fusion probe was used, nine of 15 (60%) cases with a hybridization pattern suggestive of a non‐IGH–MYC translocation were attributable to MYC copy gain rather than MYC rearrangement, as demonstrated by both break‐apart probes.

Conclusions

Taking into account the prognostic and therapeutic implications of the MYC translocation, probe design and limitations should be particularly kept in mind when MYC hybridization patterns are interpreted. In our experience, detection of 8q24 abnormalities could be optimized by a two‐probe approach involving the application of both IGH–MYC dual‐fusion and MYC break‐apart selected kits.
We Are…More Than Football: Three Stories of Identity Threat by Penn State Insiders
Authors: Grandey Alicia A. , Krannitz Morgan A. , Slezak Tyler
Published: May 2013

For many, Penn State is synonymous with football and Coach Joe Paterno, an association that has been a source of pride for many alumni, staff, and students for years. As Alderfer's (2013) article summarizes, that overlap has now made the horrific behaviors of the former football coach Sandusky indelibly connected to Penn State. Alderfer argues that the scandal can be explained by the actions or inactions of nine Penn State groups “whose collective behavior first allowed the criminal acts to occur and then put an end to them” (p. 117).
Some Reservations About a “Rational Choice” Model Predicting Employee Turnover
Authors: Mitchell Terence R. , Lee Thomas W.
Published: May 2013

Professor Russell proposes a decision model of turnover in which the attractiveness of the current job is compared with that of an alternative. In turn, an employee chooses the option with the highest judged attractiveness. For example, “Employees make decisions to quit based on the relative attractiveness of their current job compared to alternative jobs or activities” (2013, p. 163). The attractiveness of one's current job and alternative are estimated by a regression equation assessing various attributes of the two targets (i.e., current job and alternative). Evoking March and Simon (1958) for a theoretical foundation, Professor Russell offers a subjectively “rational model” for the choice to stay or leave based on expectancy and expected value type decision models. In his empirical work, he uses a “policy capturing” simulation to identify how new hires personally weigh various job attributes when deciding whether they would quit hypothetical jobs varying in those attributes (Russell & Van Sell, 2012). When these weights are applied to employees' actual survey perceptions of the levels of job attributes, the resulting “simulated turnover intention” score predicts turnover better than a survey measure of quit intentions or job attributes alone. The inference is that turnover scholars can make substantial progress toward the prediction of actual turnover by using this model.
You did this to yourself! Stigma and blame in lung cancer
Authors: Bresnahan Mary Jiang , Silk Kami , Zhuang Jie
Published: May 2013

Respondents (N = 224) read 1 of 4 scenarios: a heavy smoker, a moderate smoker, an occasional smoker, or a nonsmoker diagnosed with lung cancer. Results showed that smokers with lung cancer received more blame than did nonsmokers. Nonsmokers assigned more blame to tobacco companies and cigarette advertising and made more negative attributions about lung cancer victims. Respondents high in smoking‐cessation efficacy assigned more blame and negative attributions to lung cancer victims. This study suggests that lung cancer is stigmatized because of the widely held belief that it is preventable. Interventions must encourage smokers to be vigilant about their lung health, to know the symptoms of lung cancer, and to see their doctor immediately if they experience lung problems.
Causal attributions and attitudes toward lung cancer
Authors: Hamann Heidi A. , Howell Lisa A. , McDonald Jennifer L.
Published: May 2013

This study investigated causal attributions and attitudes toward a hypothetical lung cancer patient. Participants included 147 undergraduate students who read 1 of 3 vignettes about a man recently diagnosed with lung cancer. The vignettes were identical except for the causal description of the patient's lung cancer (genetic, smoking, or combined). Compared with the other 2 conditions, participants in the genetic condition believed the hypothetical patient had less control and less responsibility for his illness; they also noted more pity and less anger. There were no significant differences in these variables between the smoking and combined conditions. Information about genetic information appears to trigger more positive perceptions of lung cancer patients, but only in the absence of smoking histories.
Esthetic Paradigms in the Interdisciplinary Management of Maxillary Anterior Dentition—A Review
Authors: Raj Vishnu
Published: May 2013

This article reviews some commonly used esthetic proportions and paradigms in dentistry. Establishing optimal anterior esthetics frequently entails restorative, orthodontic, and periodontal treatment. Several guidelines have been purported to facilitate an esthetic outcome during the rehabilitation of the maxillary anterior teeth. The golden proportion, recurring esthetic dental proportion, tooth width : height ratios, vertical positioning of the maxillary lateral incisor, and the apparent contact dimension are examples of some such guidelines. Evaluation of these esthetic paradigms including their validity, esthetic significance, perception by laypeople, and the range of tolerance to alterations are very important considerations.

Clinical Significance

This review presents a comprehensive analysis of some selected esthetic dental paradigms and recommendations for their application in the interdisciplinary management of anterior dental esthetics.
Kinship analysis of brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis during their breeding migration
Authors: Meli A. , Fraser D. J.
Published: May 2013

Microsatellite markers were used to test whether groups of pre‐spawning adult brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis from the same population and captured at the same location during their breeding migration comprised kin. Only weak evidence for kin associations was found at the onset of breeding: the proportion of kin captured at the same location was low and similar to the proportion found across all locations and the average relatedness of S. fontinalis captured at the same location was low. A dilution of kin associations from the feeding to breeding phase is hypothesized to stem from mainly natural mortality that reduces family size by the adult stage. The results illustrate the dynamic nature of kin associations between consecutive life stages, even within the same fish population.
Spatial and temporal variations in otolith chemistry and relationships with water chemistry: a useful tool to distinguish Atlantic salmon Salmo salar parr from different natal streams
Authors: Martin J. , Bareille G. , Berail S. , Pecheyran C. , Daverat F. , Bru N. , Tabouret H. , Donard O.
Published: May 2013

Otolith elemental (Sr:Ca, Ba:Ca, Mn:Ca, Mg:Ca and Rb:Ca) and isotopic (87Sr:86Sr) profiles from several annual cohorts of juvenile Atlantic salmon Salmo salar were related to the physico‐chemical characteristics (chemical signatures, flow rate, temperature and conductivity) of their natal rivers over an annual hydrological cycle. Only Sr:Ca, Ba:Ca and 87Sr:86Sr in otoliths were determined by their respective ratios in the ambient water. Sr:Ca ratios in stream waters fluctuated strongly on a seasonal basis, but these fluctuations, mainly driven by water flow regimes, were not recorded in the otoliths. Otolith Sr:Ca ratios remained constant during freshwater residency at a given site and were exclusively related to water Sr:Ca ratios during low flow periods. While interannual differences in otolith elemental composition among rivers were observed, this variability was minor compared to geographic variability and did not limit classification of juveniles to their natal stream. Success in discriminating fish from different sites was greatest using Sr isotopes as it remained relatively constant across years at a given location.
Epinephelus moara: a valid species of the family Epinephelidae (Pisces: Perciformes)
Authors: Liu M. , Li J.‐L. , Ding S.‐X. , Liu Z.‐Q.
Published: May 2013

This study documents the major external and internal morphological differences between Epinephelus bruneus and Epinephelus moara, and analyses the complete mitogenomes of both species. The partial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (coI) sequence divergence between E. bruneus and E. moara is significantly higher than specimens within the same species (P < 0·05). Analyses of gene flow (Nm = 0·02) and genetic differentiation (ϕst = 0·92995, P > 0·05) reveal reproductive isolation between E. bruneus and E. moara. These results support the hypothesis that E. moara is a valid species. Further molecular comparisons between E. bruneus and E. moara obtained in this study and a specimen identified in GenBank as E. bruneus from South Korea reveal that the latter is identical to E. moara rather than to E. bruneus.
Building IASB Research Capacity: A Commentary
Authors: Gordon Elizabeth A. , Street Donna L.
Published: May 2013

This Commentary summarizes and remarks on several discussions of the link between academic accounting research and financial reporting standard setting. Our Commentary is prompted by references to building the International Accounting Standards Board's (IASB) research capacity, included in three due process documents: Report of the Trustees' Strategy Review, IFRSs as the Global Standard: Setting a Strategy for the Foundation's Second Decade; Agenda Consultation 2011; and Feedback Statement: Agenda Consultation 2011. Pursuant to its mission, the International Association for Accounting Education and Research (IAAER) has undertaken activities, including hosting two roundtables, related to the link between academic accounting research (and researchers) and the IASB's standard‐setting activities. We discuss the main issues addressed and themes emerging from the IAAER roundtables including whether academic research is relevant to standard setters; types of academic research, and areas of inquiry, that would be most relevant to accounting standard setters; perceptions on why academic research is not more useful to standard setters and challenges to academic researcher's engagement in standard setting. We summarize the IAAER Committee response to the consultation paper, Status of Trustees' Strategy Review. Finally, we identify areas where we believe academia can assist in building a dedicated research capacity at the IASB and note specific areas where future academic research is needed to inform the IASB.
Melatonin‐mediated insulin synthesis during endoplasmic reticulum stress involves HuD expression in rat insulinoma INS‐1E cells
Authors: Yoo Yeong‐Min
Published: May 2013

In this study, we investigated how melatonin mediates insulin synthesis through endoplasmic reticulum (ER) via HuD expression in rat insulinoma INS‐1E cells. Under ER stress condition (thapsigargin with/without melatonin, tunicamycin with/without melatonin), phosphorylation of AMP‐activated protein kinase (p‐AMPK) was significantly increased when compared with only with/without melatonin (control/melatonin). Insulin receptor substrate (IRS) two protein was significantly reduced under conditions of ER stress when compared with control/melatonin, but no expression of IRS1 protein was observed. In thapsigargin treatment, melatonin (10, 50 μm) increased IRS2 protein expression in a dose‐dependent manner. p‐Akt (Ser473) expression significantly decreased under ER stress condition prior to control/melatonin. Melatonin (10, 50 μm) significantly reduced nuclear and cellular p85α expressions in a dose‐dependent manner when compared with only thapsigargin or tunicamycin. These results indicate the activation of the aforementioned expressions under regulation of the pathway, AMPK → IRS2 → Akt/PKB → PI3K (p85α). However, mammalian target of rapamycin and raptor protein, mTORC1, was found to be independent of the ER stress response. In thapsigargin treatment, melatonin increased nuclear mammalian RNA‐binding protein (HuD) expression and reduced cellular HuD expression and subsequently resulted in a decrease in cellular insulin level and rise in insulin secretion in a dose‐dependent manner. In tunicamycin treatment, HuD and insulin proteins showed similar expression tendencies. These results indicate that ER stress/melatonin, especially thapsigargin/melatonin, increased nuclear HuD expression and subsequently resulted in a decrease in intracellular biosynthesis; it is hypothesized that extracellular secretion of insulin may be regulated by melatonin.
Help or Hindrance? Causal Ambiguity and Supplier Involvement in New Product Development Teams
Authors: Potter Antony , Lawson Benn
Published: May 2013

Suppliers are increasingly being involved in interorganizational new product development (NPD) teams. Successful management of this involvement is critical both to the performance of the new product and to meeting the project's goals. Yet the transfer of knowledge between buyer and supplier may be subject to varying degrees of causal ambiguity, potentially limiting the effect of supplier involvement on performance. Understanding the dynamics of causal ambiguity within interorganizational product development is thus an important unanswered empirical question. A theoretical model is developed exploring the effect of supplier involvement practices (supplier involvement orientation, relationship commitment, and involvement depth) on the level of causal ambiguity experienced within interorganizational NPD teams, and the subsequent impact on time to competitor imitation, new product advantage, and project performance. The model also serves as a test of the paradox that causal ambiguity both inhibits imitation by competitors, but adversely affects organizational outcomes. Survey data collected from 119 research and development‐intensive manufacturing firms in the United Kingdom largely support these hypotheses. Results from structural equation modeling show that supplier involvement orientation and long‐term relationship commitment lower causal ambiguity within interorganizational NPD teams. The results also shed light on the causal ambiguity paradox showing that causal ambiguity during interorganizational NPD decreases both product and project performance, but has no significant effect on time to competitor imitation. Instead, competitor imitation is delayed by the extent to which the firm develops a new product advantage within the market. A product development strategy based upon maintaining interfirm causal ambiguity to delay competitor imitation is thus unlikely to result in a sustainable competitive advantage. Instead, managers are encouraged to undertake supplier involvement practices aimed at minimizing the level of knowledge ambiguity in the NPD project, and in doing so, improve product and project‐related performance.
The Predictors of Suicidality in Previous Suicide Attempters following Case Management Services
Authors: Chen Wei‐Jen , Shyu Shi‐Sen , Lin Guei‐Ging , Chen Cheng‐Chung , Ho Chi‐Kung , Lee Ming‐Been , Chou Frank Huang‐Chih
Published: May 2013

Suicide attempts constitute a serious clinical problem. People who have attempted suicide are at an elevated risk for additional suicide attempts, but there is limited evidence regarding the predictors of suicidality of suicide attempters following case management services. In the present study the indicators of suicidality after case management were examined. A total of 1,056 subjects who had recently attempted suicide were recruited from January 1, 2011, to June 30, 2011. The suicide prevention center of Kaohsiung City in Taiwan provided case management services and followed up on suicide attempt cases for 6 months. The salient factors for repeat suicide attempts were estimated using a logistic regression analysis. The results showed that multiple factors, including a “willingness to receive mental health services during a crisis,” “social support,” “a history of mental disorders,” and “a history of suicide,” could predict repeat suicide attempts with hazard ratios (0.58, 0.54, 3.84, 1.51) and 95% confidence interval (0.39–0.86, 0.36–0.83, 2.41–6.10, 1.03–2.21). The four factors mentioned above were the most accurate predictors of subsequent suicidality when case management services were utilized after 6 months of follow‐up. The findings of our study could help clarify future strategies for suicide prevention.
Gandhi and the Satyagraha of Newspaper Cartoons
Authors: Khanduri Ritu Gairola
Published: May 2013

Newspaper cartoons are significant because their inherent ambiguity withstands scrutiny as historical and anthropological texts. This article focuses on Gandhi's writings and analysis of newspaper cartoons published in the South African press. Addressing the Indian community in a period of growing resistance, Gandhi situated cartoons as a part of the necessary vocabulary for understanding the British mind. Serving a pedagogical role, through his translation and interpretation, Gandhi also urged his readers to see what the whites were already seeing. Engaging Gandhi as an interlocutor in the colonial visual milieus he inhabited shows the newspaper cartoons’ intimate connections with colonialism and resistance.
Energy recovery in the water industry: an assessment of the potential of micro‐hydropower
Authors: McNabola A. , Coughlan P. , Williams A. P.
Published: May 2013

Water supply is a core service on which civilised society depends. It involves considerable energy consumption, CO2 emissions and costs. As such, scientific efforts in the water industry in recent years have focused on improving the sustainability of water supply. This paper examines the potential for energy recovery in the water industry which may be exploited through the use of mini or micro‐hydropower installations. A case study of water infrastructure in Ireland is included in the analysis to highlight the potential of this concept in practice. The results of this investigation show that in certain circumstances significant energy, environmental and economic savings are available with modest investment.
Addressing Safety Liabilities of TfR Bispecific Antibodies That Cross the Blood-Brain Barrier
Authors: Couch Jessica A. , Yu Y. Joy , Zhang Yin , Tarrant Jacqueline M. , Fuji Reina N. , Meilandt William J. , Solanoy Hilda , Tong Raymond K. , Hoyte Kwame , Luk Wilman , Lu Yanmei , Gadkar Kapil , Prabhu Saileta , Ordonia Benjamin A. , Nguyen Quyen , Lin Yuwen , Lin Zhonghua , Balazs Mercedesz , Scearce-Levie Kimberly , Ernst James A. , Dennis Mark S. , Watts Ryan J.
Published: May 2013

The safety of therapeutic bispecific antibodies that use TfR for delivery to the brain can be improved by reducing affinity for TfR and eliminating antibody effector function.
Dangerous Liaisons: When Two Wrongs Just Might Make a Right
Authors: Oliver Trudy G.
Published: May 2013

Radioactive bacteria are exploited to treat metastases in a mouse model of pancreatic cancer.
I’ll Take a Steak, with Antibiotic on the Side…
Authors: Tirosh Amir
Published: May 2013

Gut bacteria may be the missing link connecting red meat consumption with increased heart disease risk.
STING-Dependent Recognition of Cyclic di-AMP Mediates Type I Interferon Responses during Chlamydia trachomatis Infection
Authors: Barker Jeffrey R. , Koestler Benjamin J. , Carpenter Victoria K. , Burdette Dara L. , Waters Christopher M. , Vance Russell E. , Valdivia Raphael H.
Published: May 2013

STING (
s
t
i
mulator of interfero
n
[IFN]
g
enes) initiates type I IFN responses in mammalian cells through the detection of microbial nucleic acids. The membrane-bound obligate intracellular bacterium
Chlamydia trachomatis
induces a STING-dependent type I IFN response in infected cells, yet the IFN-inducing ligand remains unknown. In this report, we provide evidence that
Chlamydia
synthesizes cyclic di-AMP (c-di-AMP), a nucleic acid metabolite not previously identified in Gram-negative bacteria, and that this metabolite is a prominent ligand for STING-mediated activation of IFN responses during infection. We used primary mouse lung fibroblasts and HEK293T cells to compare IFN-β responses to
Chlamydia
infection, c-di-AMP, and other type I IFN-inducing stimuli.
Chlamydia
infection and c-di-AMP treatment induced type I IFN responses in cells expressing STING but not in cells expressing STING variants that cannot sense cyclic dinucleotides but still respond to cytoplasmic DNA. The failure to induce a type I IFN response to
Chlamydia
and c-di-AMP correlated with the inability of STING to relocalize from the endoplasmic reticulum to cytoplasmic punctate signaling complexes required for IFN activation. We conclude that
Chlamydia
induces STING-mediated IFN responses through the detection of c-di-AMP in the host cell cytosol and propose that c-di-AMP is the ligand predominantly responsible for inducing such a response in
Chlamydia
-infected cells.

IMPORTANCE
This study shows that the Gram-negative obligate pathogen
Chlamydia trachomatis
, a major cause of pelvic inflammatory disease and infertility, synthesizes cyclic di-AMP (c-di-AMP), a nucleic acid metabolite that thus far has been described only in Gram-positive bacteria. We further provide evidence that the host cell employs an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-localized cytoplasmic sensor, STING (
s
t
i
mulator of interfero
n
[IFN]
g
enes), to detect c-di-AMP synthesized by
Chlamydia
and induce a protective IFN response. This detection occurs even though
Chlamydia
is confined to a membrane-bound vacuole. This raises the possibility that the ER, an organelle that innervates the entire cytoplasm, is equipped with pattern recognition receptors that can directly survey membrane-bound pathogen-containing vacuoles for leaking microbe-specific metabolites to mount type I IFN responses required to control microbial infections.
Genome Sequencing of the Plant Pathogen
Taphrina deformans
, the Causal Agent of Peach Leaf Curl
Authors: Cissé Ousmane H. , Almeida João M. G. C. F. , Fonseca Álvaro , Kumar Ajay Anand , Salojärvi Jarkko , Overmyer Kirk , Hauser Philippe M. , Pagni Marco
Published: May 2013

Taphrina deformans
is a fungus responsible for peach leaf curl, an important plant disease. It is phylogenetically assigned to the Taphrinomycotina subphylum, which includes the fission yeast and the mammalian pathogens of the genus
Pneumocystis
. We describe here the genome of
T. deformans
in the light of its dual plant-saprophytic/plant-parasitic lifestyle. The 13.3-Mb genome contains few identifiable repeated elements (ca. 1.5%) and a relatively high GC content (49.5%). A total of 5,735 protein-coding genes were identified, among which 83% share similarities with other fungi. Adaptation to the plant host seems reflected in the genome, since the genome carries genes involved in plant cell wall degradation (e.g., cellulases and cutinases), secondary metabolism, the hallmark glyoxylate cycle, detoxification, and sterol biosynthesis, as well as genes involved in the biosynthesis of plant hormones. Genes involved in lipid metabolism may play a role in its virulence. Several locus candidates for putative
MAT
cassettes and sex-related genes akin to those of
Schizosaccharomyces pombe
were identified. A mating-type-switching mechanism similar to that found in ascomycetous yeasts could be in effect. Taken together, the findings are consistent with the alternate saprophytic and parasitic-pathogenic lifestyles of
T. deformans
.

IMPORTANCE
Peach leaf curl is an important plant disease which causes significant losses of fruit production. We report here the genome sequence of the causative agent of the disease, the fungus 
Taphrina deformans
. The genome carries characteristic genes that are important for the plant infection process. These include (i) proteases that allow degradation of the plant tissues; (ii) secondary metabolites which are products favoring interaction of the fungus with the environment, including the host; (iii) hormones that are responsible for the symptom of severely distorted leaves on the host; and (iv) drug detoxification enzymes that confer resistance to fungicides. The availability of the genome allows the design of new drug targets as well as the elaboration of specific management strategies to fight the disease.
Light Sensing in Aspergillus fumigatus Highlights the Case for Establishing New Models for Fungal Photobiology
Authors: Idnurm Alexander
Published: May 2013

Microbes inhabit diverse environmental locations, and many species need to shift their physiology between different niches. To do this effectively requires the accurate sensing of and response to the environment. For pathogens, exposure to light is one major change between a free-living saprophyte lifestyle and causation of disease within the host. However, how light may act as a signal to influence pathogenesis, on the side of either the host or the pathogen, is poorly understood. Research during the last 2 decades has uncovered aspects about the machinery for light sensing in a small number of fungi. Now, Fuller et al. have initiated studies into the role that light and two photosensor homologs play in the behavior of the ubiquitous fungal pathogen
Aspergillus fumigatus
[K. K. Fuller, C. S. Ringelberg, J. J. Loros, and J. C. Dunlap, mBio 4(2):e00142-13, 2013, doi:10.1128/mBio.00142-13]. Light represses the germination of
A. fumigatus
spores and enhances resistance to ultraviolet light, oxidative stresses, and cell wall perturbations. The phenotypes of the strains with mutations in the LreA and FphA homologs revealed that these sensors control some, but not all, responses to light. Furthermore, interactions occur between blue and red light signaling pathways, as has been described for a related saprophytic species,
Aspergillus nidulans
. Genome-wide transcript analyses found that about 2.6% of genes increase or decrease their transcript levels in response to light. This use of
A. fumigatus
establishes common elements between model filamentous species and pathogenic species, underscoring the benefits of extending photobiology to new species of fungi.
Eosinophilic pneumonia associated with concomitant cigarette and marijuana smoking
Authors: Natarajan Aparna , Shah Payal , Mirrakhimov Aibek E , Hussain Nasir
Published: May 2013

A 29-year-old Caucasian man presented for the evaluation of a new onset of shortness of breath associated with cough and wheeze for 1 day. The history was significant for a recent travel of 20 h duration to Houston, a new onset of cigarette smoking for 2 weeks and marijuana smoking. The patient was afebrile and did not have any leg swelling; initial diagnosis of community-acquired pneumonia was made and the patient was started on antibiotics. Despite being on antibiotics, his medical condition continued to deteriorate and extensive diagnostic workup for infectious and autoimmune aetiology including bronchoalveolar lavage was completed and was inconclusive. Ultimately, the patient underwent video-assisted thoracoscopic lung biopsy which led to the diagnosis of acute eosinophilic pneumonia. Steroids were started with a good treatment response. The patient was discharged on a tapering dose of steroids; a follow-up chest x ray at 6 weeks was within normal limits.
Sepsis caused byMycobacterium terraecomplex in a patient with sickle cell disease
Authors: Esnakula Ashwini K , Mummidi Sudhir K , Oneal Patricia A , Naab Tammey J
Published: May 2013

Infections are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with sickle cell disease. Loss of splenic function in these patients makes them highly susceptible to some bacterial infections. Non-tuberculous mycobacterial infections in patients with sickle cell disease are extremely rare and only two cases have been reported previously. We describe a case of sepsis caused by non-tuberculous mycobacterium,Mycobacterium terraecomplex in a patient with febrile sickle cell disease.M terraecomplex is a rare clinical pathogen and this is the first reported case of sepsis secondary to this organism in a patient with sickle cell disease. The patient responded to imipenem and amikacin therapy.
Use of heparin in aortic dissection: beware the misdiagnosis of acute pulmonary embolism
Authors: Sinha Yashashwi , Saleh Mahdi , Weinberg Daniel
Published: May 2013

We present a case which highlights the diagnostic difficulties between a Stanford type A aortic dissection (AD) and a pulmonary embolism (PE) and the impact it has on subsequent management. A 75-year-old man presenting with chest pain, shortness of breath and dizziness was initially suspected of having a PE and started on low-molecular-weight-heparin (LMWH). The patient was correctly diagnosed afterwards with CT of the chest to have an aortic dissection. The detrimental use of LMWH may have caused a propagation of the dissection and delayed surgical intervention of an acutely life-threatening condition. When the diagnosis is unclear, the early use of CT can help differentiate AD from PE. This in-turn can guide the management as well as the use of LMWH, which should be avoided until the correct diagnosis is confirmed.
A rare case of open bicondylar Hoffa fracture with extensor mechanism disruption
Authors: Kini Sunil Gurpur , Sharma Mrinal , Raman Rajeev
Published: May 2013

The incidence of open bicondylar Hoffa fractures is extremely rare. We report one such case of a 42-year-old woman who presented to the emergency department with an open injury over the knee. Imaging revealed bicondylar Hoffa fracture. The patient was taken up for debridement and internal fixation. Intraoperative findings included an entrapped patella between the fracture fragments and extensor mechanism disruption. Hoffas fracture was fixed with lag screws and patellar tendon repaired on to the inferior patella. The patient was started on early postoperative range of motion exercises. The fracture united at 12 weeks with 120° knee flexion at 2 year follow-up.
An unusual effect of NADP+ on the thermostability of the nonphosphorylating glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase from Streptococcus mutans
Authors: Arutyunov Denis , Schmalhausen Elena , Orlov Victor , Rahuel-Clermont Sophie , Nagradova Natalia , Branlant Guy , Muronetz Vladimir
Published: May 2013

Adiabatic differential scanning calorimetry was used to investigate the effect of NADP+ on the irreversible thermal denaturation of the nonphosphorylating glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPN) from Streptococcus mutans. The GAPN–NADP+ binary complex showed a strongly decreased thermal stability, with a difference of about 20 °C between the temperatures of the thermal transition peak maxima of the complex and the free protein. This finding was similar to the previously described thermal destabilization of GAPN upon binding of inorganic phosphate to the substrate binding site and can be interpreted as the shift of the equilibrium between 2 conformers of tetrameric GAPN upon addition of the coenzyme. Single amino acid substitution, known to abolish the NADP+ binding, cancelled the calorimetric effect of the coenzyme. GAPN thermal inactivation was considerably decelerated in the presence of NADP+ showing that the apparent change in stability of the active centre can be the opposite to that of the whole protein molecule. NADP+ could also reactivate the inactive GAPN* species, obtained by the heating of the apoenzyme below the thermal denaturation transition temperature. These effects may reflect a mechanism that provides GAPN the sufficient flexibility for the earlier observed profound active site reorganizations required during the catalytic cycle. The elevated thermal stability of the apoenzyme may, in turn, be important for maintaining a constant level of active GAPN — an enzyme that is known to be crucial for the effective supply of the reducing equivalents in S. mutans and its ability to grow under aerobic conditions.
Factor analysis of the interface management (IM) problems for construction projects in Alberta
Authors: Weshah Nesreen , Ghandour Wael El , Jergeas George , Falls Lynne Cowe
Published: May 2013

Interface management (IM) is one of the major keys for construction project success. The severity of interface problems for different projects does not only delay the project, but also impacts overall project performance. This paper is an extension of a previous work that defined major IM problems in Alberta’s construction projects. This research study intended to investigate, identify, and classify interface problem factors in Alberta’s construction projects. The study included four stages. The first stage was a comprehensive literature review, pilot studies and face-to-face interviews in industry. In the second phase, a web-page questionnaire was conducted with participants from industry. Based on that, in the last two phases, a factor analysis and Pearson’s correlation matrix were applied on the collected data. The study identified six IM factors, namely: “management”, “information, bidding and contracting”, “by-law and regulation”, “technical engineering and site issues”, and “other interface problems”. Finally, correlation between IM factors and different construction data was tested. The data analysis results provided a comprehensive view of the main causes behind IM conflicts in Alberta’s construction industry.
Induced energy polarization of the vacuum and the rotational curves of spiral galaxies
Authors: Penner A. Raymond
Published: May 2013

The theory of an induced energy polarized vacuum is used to determine the rotational curves for modeled galaxies whose baryonic mass distribution parameters are the median values of three classes of spiral galaxies. From the theoretical curves it is found that the bulge contribution plays a dominant role in determining the behavior of the rotational curves in the inner regions (i.e., within three disc scale lengths). For the outer regions the theoretical rotational curves for all the galaxies behave similarly as they slowly fall to the asymptotic value as determined by the baryonic Tully–Fisher relationship. Overall it is found that rotational curves generated by the induced energy polarized vacuum theory can readily produce observed features in the rotational curves of spiral galaxies.
MECHANICAL AND TRIBOLOGICAL BEHAVIOR OF VN AND HfN FILMS DEPOSITED VIA REACTIVE MAGNETRON SPUTTERING
Authors: ESCOBAR C. , VILLARREAL M. , CAICEDO J. C. , ESTEVE J. , PRIETO P.
Published: May 2013

HfN and VN thin films were deposited onto silicon and 4140 steel substrates with r.f. reactive magnetron sputtering by using Hf and V metallic targets with 4-inch diameter and 99.9% purity in argon/nitrogen atmosphere, applying a substrate temperature of 250°C and a pressure of 1.2 × 10-3 mbar. In order to evaluate the structural, chemical, morphological, mechanical and tribological properties, we used X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), nanoindentation, pin-on-disc and scratch tests. Film structure determined by XRD showed that FCC ( NaCl -type) films are formed in both the cases by δ- HfN and δ- VN phases. Hardness and elastic modulus values obtained for both the films were 21 and 224 GPa for the HfN film and 19 and 205 GPa for the VN film, respectively. Additionally, the films showed low friction coefficient of 0.44 for HfN and 0.62 for VN when these films were evaluated against 100 Cr 6 steel, and finally the critical load was found at 41 N for the HfN film and 34 N for the VN film.
PERCEPTRON ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK AND PREDICTION OF BUBBLE POINTS OF TERNARY MIXTURES CONTAINING IONIC LIQUIDS
Authors: HEZAVE ALI ZEINOLABEDINI , LASHKARBOLOOKI MOSTAFA , RAEISSI SONA
Published: May 2013

The feasibility of using cascade neural networks to correlate the bubble points of ternary mixtures containing ionic liquids (ILs) and classical solvents was investigated. The systems investigated consisted of the ILs from the alkylimidazolium family with either the chloride, tetrafluoroborate, methylsulfate, or ethyl sulfate anions. The classical solvents investigated included 1-propanol, 2-propanol, ethanol, ethyl ethanoate, and water. A total of 272 bubble points were used in the training (205 data points) and testing (67 data points) stages. The optimized network comprised of nine neurons in the hidden layer and used the tangent-sigmoid and purelin functions as the activation functions in the hidden and output layers, respectively. This proposed network was able to correlate the ternary bubble points of both the training (AARD % = 0.13% and R2 = 0.9921) and the testing (AARD % = 0.15% and R2 = 0.9873) subsets with good accuracy, revealing the good correlative capability of the network. The statistical error analysis of all the data indicated an overall absolute average relative deviation (AARD %), mean square error (MSE) and correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.13%, 0.44% and 0.9909%, respectively.
TSUNAMI MITIGATION MEASURES FOR TSUNAMI PRONE SMALL ISLANDS: LESSONS LEARNED FROM THE 2010 TSUNAMI AROUND THE MENTAWAI ISLANDS OF INDONESIA
Authors: SYAMSIDIK  , ISTIYANTO DINAR CATUR
Published: May 2013

The challenge of protecting communities in tsunami-prone populated small islands is difficult to meet. Likewise, the islands are often found with a lack of disaster mitigation infrastructure. A tsunami that occurred around the Mentawai Islands of Indonesia on October 25, 2010, causing around 500 dead, is the inspiration for this paper. This study was aimed at elaborating practices in protecting communities of small islands from tsunamis by incorporating information about the estimated time of arrival of a tsunami into the islands mitigation measures. A field survey to obtain the impacts of the tsunami on the number of casualties and damages was conducted in February 2011 around the Mentawai Islands. In the survey, a set of questionnaires were distributed in the Mentawai Islands to investigate the small island residents' responses just after the shock from the tsunami waves. This study was also followed by numerical simulations to obtain tsunami wave Estimated Time of Arrival (ETA) for the Mentawai islands. Numerical simulations were conducted using Delft3D software coupled with Tsunami toolkit. This research found that the ETAs for the Mentawai Islands range between 9–20 min. With the existing tsunami early warning system in Indonesia, the ETAs are quite short. Comparing the Simulated ETAs to the findings from the Mentawai Islands tsunami survey led to the recommendation that the best way to increase the community's preparedness for a tsunami would be by managing village-based spatial planning. Such spatial planning may include relocating the residents far away from the coastal area. This would enable the community to have more time to evacuate should a tsunami threat occur.
REAL TIME RECONSTRUCTION OF FLUID IN VIDEO
Authors: QUAN HONGYAN , YU MINGQI , SONG XIAO , GAO YAN
Published: May 2013

This paper puts forward a new method of realtime reconstruction of fluid in natural scene. It takes the measure of combination of image analysis and LBM (Lattice Boltzmann Methods). First, employs LK (Lucas–Kanade) method to calculate the dense optical flow, and then takes LBM to obtain the joint force of central particles for the initial result. After backfilling the velocity vectors field, it adopts the K-means cluster to obtain several classes, in each class, it takes advantage of the Rayleigh distribution to fit the height field of fluid. Finally, the reconstruction result of fluid is obtained. In addition, it demonstrates the results of the height field of fluid in the experiment. Further experiments shows that it is a valid method of fluid reconstruction with real time and can be used in the study of natural landscape fluid with efficiency and feasibility.
The petrophysics of shale gas reservoirs: Technical challenges and pragmatic solutions
Authors: Bust Vivian K. , Majid Azlan A. , Oletu Joshua U. , Worthington Paul F.
Published: May 2013

The host rocks of shale gas accumulations act as source, seal and reservoir. They are characterized by complex pore systems with ultra-low to low interparticle permeability and low to moderate porosity. The word ‘shale’ is used in the sense of a geological formation rather than a lithology, so shale gas reservoirs can show marked variations in rock type from claystones, marlstones and mudstones to sandstone and carbonate lithological ‘sweet spots’. The pore space includes both intergranular and intrakerogen porosity. The density of natural fractures varies markedly, and pore throat connectivity is relatively ineffective. Moreover,
in-situ
gas pore volume has to take account of both free and adsorbed gas, an evaluation exercise that is complicated by pronounced variations in water salinity. All these characteristics present major challenges to the process of petrophysical evaluation. The petrophysical responses to these issues are severalfold. First, a broader calibrating database of core measurements is required at key wells, especially as regards mineralogy, porosity and permeability data, shale/mudstone sample analyses, total organic carbon, gas desorption isotherms, and the analysis of extracted formation waters. Second, at least in the key wells, an extended suite of logs should include an elemental analysis log, magnetic resonance imager, electrical micro-imager, and a dipole sonic log. These databases lead to a rock-typing scheme that takes better account of dynamic properties and fracturability. They also allow reservoir partitioning based on exclusivity of empirical interpretative algorithms, e.g. quartz content vs. producibility. These responses comprise key elements of a functional petrophysical system that encompasses fit-for-purpose interpretation methods, such as a pseudo-Archie approach, i.e. the application of the Archie equations with non-intrinsic exponents. This system is presented as a workflow for application in shale gas reservoirs, for which bulk density retains a major influence on computed gas in place. The benefits of this approach are especially strong in reserves reporting of these unconventional gas reservoirs.