bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Antifungal Activity of Essential Oil Extracted from Melaleuca alternifolia against Pathogenic Fungi on Mango (Mangifera indica L.) for Mango Postharvest Application
Authors: Gunny Ahmad Anas Nagoor , Seminai Jenny Janam Anak , Mat Mohd Hishamuddin Che , Ahmad Abdul Aziz , Yusof Rizana , Abdullah Fadhilnor
Published: August 2022

An infection by pathogenic fungi is one of the major problem in post-harvest stage of mangoes. Therefore, the extraction of essential oil from Melaleuca alternifolia is being tested as a natural fungicide for controlling fungus infections of selected mangoes locally known as susu mango. The extraction was performed using Solvent-Free Microwave Assisted Extraction with a yield of 0.57% concentration. The inhibitory effect of this essential oil against isolated fungi from mango was investigated through in-vitro and in-vivo analyses. Distilled water was used as a negative control while chemical fungicide (Globus 5.5) was used as a positive control in the analyses. The mycelial growth inhibition of the extracted essential oil for poisoned food test and disc diffusion method showed 62.50 ± 0.49% and 59.70 ± 0.30% respectively for in-vivo experiment which used unwounded and artificially wounded mangoes. The result also demonstrated that the essential oil applied on the mangoes could decrease the disease incidence from 100% to 61.33% for up to 10 days incubation at room temperature compared to that of the control. Hence, the essential oil of Melaleuca alternifolia can act as a green fungicide and is also a promising alternative to the synthetic chemical fungicide for controlling post-harvest disease on mangoes.
Diagnostics and Evaluation of Selected Concrete Vaulted Rail Bridges
Authors: Kotula Patrik , Koteš Peter , Odrobinak Jaroslav , Prokop Jozef
Published: August 2022

The paper deals with diagnostics, recalculation, and determination of the current load capacity of three concrete arch bridges on the original railway line Bratislava - Žilina. This was built in 1954 in connection with the relocation of the line, caused by the exhibition of the Nosice reservoir. At present, the railway line has been relocated to a new location and the existing original line, including the existing engineering facilities, will be used for the construction of a new road connecting the district towns of Púchov and Považská Bystrica. The task was solved within the cooperation of Faculty of Civil Engineering with the Railways of the Slovak Republic (ŽSR in Slovak) and the Research and Development Institute of Railways (VVÚŽ in Slovak). The conclusions from the recalculations and the subsequently determined load capacity show that the bridge structures in question are suitable for further use, however, their reconstruction is necessary.
Finite Element Analysis of the Jaloe kayoh Boat Structure with Load Variations by Using E-Glass and Ramie Fiber Composite Materials
Authors: Tamlicha Akram , Rizal Samsul , Hasanuddin Iskandar , Noor M.M. , Nazaruddin Nazaruddin
Published: August 2022

The primary purpose of the structural study on the 4.2-meter-long Jaloe Kayoh boat is to analyze the FEA of E-glass and ramie fiber composites, as well as the polyester resin. The hand lay-up method was used in this study to manufacture specimens following the ASTM D638-02 standard, while the tensile test was performed under the ASTM D790-02 standard. Based on the simulation results, the data analysis method was used to visualize the relationship between the stress and strain strength parameters on the structure, as well as a reaction force and displacement, which were related to the centralized loading on the walls and hull of the Jaloe Kayoh boat with a minimum loading variation of 539.3 N and a maximum loading variation of 2157.4 N. The maximum loading of the stress strength on the hull wall of Jaloe Kayoh was obtained at a load of 220 kg or 2157.4 N. The stress values obtained were 4.212e+09 N/mm2 for E-glass fiber and 3.998e+09 N/mm2 for ramie fiber. The highest Reaction Force values obtained were 4.369e+03 N for E-glass and 4.952e+03 N for ramie fiber. The highest displacement value was obtained, which was 2.620e-02 m for E-glass fiber and 2.662e-02 m for ramie fiber. Based on the simulation results, E-glass and ramie fibers are still safe and feasible to use as a base or initial layer, or one of the supporting layers, for lamination on one of the materials for the Jaloe Kayoh boat's walls and hull.
The Effect of Carbon/Oxygen Ratio upon Structure-Property Relationships in Polymer/Graphene Nanocomposites
Authors: Aldosari Haia
Published: August 2022

The oxygen functional group limits the performance of graphene oxide (GO). By raising the Carbon/Oxygen (C/O) ratio, reducing the oxygen functional group may enhance thermal stability. The effects of the (C/O) ratio of graphene derivatives on the structure-properties relationship in metallocene linear low-density polyethylene (PE), homo polypropylene (PP), and blends thereof were investigated in this research. Using reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and pristine graphene (G), the oxygen functional groups were reduced. The effect of raising the C/O ratio of GO, rGO, and G blending with PE and PP synthesized by solution blending is discussed. Solvent processing was used to synthesise these nanocomposites, with dimethylformamide) DMF (and o-xylene served as the solvents for graphene flakes and polymers, respectively, before the two components were combined to form a well-mixed initial state. Wide-angle X-ray diffraction was used to investigate the crystallisation of the nanocomposites (WAXD). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), ultraviolet visible spectroscopy (UVVS), and Raman spectroscopy were used to characterise the chemical structures, with the latter being used to calculate the intensity ratio of D and G band (ID/IG) value for pure graphene specimens. The C/O ratio was calculated as , 4.9 and 2.2 for the G, rGO and GO respectively. While the (ID/IG (increased with increasing the C/O ratio, the ID/IG values were calculated as 0.285, 1.137 and 1.726 for pure GO, rGO and G samples. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) were used to determine the melting temperature ( ), crystallization temperature ( ) as well as a range of degradation temperatures.
Identification of Specific DNA Fragments in the Superior Mutant Plant of Rodent Tuber Accession Pekalongan (Typhonium flagelliforme) Based on Sequencing Analysis
Authors: Sianipar Nesti Fronika , Reflinur Reflinur , Ashan Muhammad Dzulkifly , Assidqi Khoirunnisa , Purnamaningsih Ragapadmi
Published: August 2022

Cancer is a large group of diseases that occur in almost any organ or tissue of the body when abnormal cells get out of normal and invade adjacent cells. In women especially, breast cancer is among the most common types of cancer. These cancer cells will form a tumor that can be seen on an x-ray. Some traditional breast cancer treatments have been carried out, including using local herbal plants such as rodent tubers (Typhonium flagelliforme). Rodent tuber contains stigmasterol which has a high anticancer effect and was found in several mutant clones. The purpose of this study was to analyze DNA differences between mutant and wild-type rodent tuber plants based on specific RAPD markers and sequence differences in each sample. The RAPD OPB18 primer was successfully amplifies polymorphic DNA bands with sizes ranging from 700 to 1000 bp. As a result of the sequencing analysis, separate segments in wild-type and mutant plants had different sequences. In comparing the test sequence to the NCBI database, it was found that wild-type rodent tuber samples matched Gossypium raimondii (81.82%) and BLAC (bulk highest anticancer compound) rodent tuber mutant plants has similarity with Slanum pinnasectum about 87.36%. Based on this results, the similarity of rodent tuber sequences is possible to be developed in the specific sequences that encode a gene, especially genes encoding anticancer compounds.
Probabilistics Design and Analysis of Metal Interference Fits
Authors: Loc Nguyen Huu , Phong Lam Vi
Published: August 2022

This paper presents the press fit calculation that depends on different methods, the sizes of holes and shafts are quantities distributed according to the normal law, so the tolerance of the joint between the shaft and the hub is also distributed according to the normal law with two parameters: the mean value and the standard deviation. The paper also demonstrates the procedure and computer program for calculating the metal interference joints given by the probability method, thereby giving a chart of choosing tolerance depending on the applied load, simultaneously calculating the interference joints by the min-max method, and comparing it with the probability method, etc. Calculation by the probability method gives more reasonable working parameters. Along with the interference fit parameters, the consideration of materials is mentioned as well.
Synthesis and Application of Positively Charged and Magnetically Separable Magnetite/Silica-Ammonium as an Effective Platinum(IV) Adsorbent
Authors: Ngatijo Ngatijo , Marlinda Lenny , Bemis Restina , Heriyanti Heriyanti , Gusti Diah Riski , Lazuardi Ahmad Fatwa , Ishartono Bayu , Basuki Rahmat
Published: August 2022

Platinum is a valuable metal that is widely used in industry, electronics, and catalysts. The use of Platinum has a significant impact on the production of waste, necessitating effective metal recovery. This study investigated Platinum (IV) recovery from wastewater using a positively charged and magnetically separable Magnetite/Silica-Ammonium (MSA). The MSA was prepared by co-precipitation procedure of silica-decorated quaternary ammonium in the Fe3+/Fe2+ solution. The characterization result of the MSA by FT-IR, X-ray diffraction (XRD), SEM-EDX, and Vibration Sample Magnetometer (VSM) demonstrated the success of MSA synthesis. The application of MSA to the Pt (IV) solution occurred at pH optimum 6,0 with the easy and quick retraction of MSA-loaded Pt (IV) by 29.3 emu/g magnetic strength of an external magnet. The adsorption isotherm study followed the Freundlich model (R2=0.9895) with the KF=2.57×10-2 mol/g. The monolayer capacity by Langmuir showed the remarkable performance of 139.09 mg/g adsorption capacity through the ion exchange interaction mechanism based on the Dubinin-Radushkevich energy (ED-R=8,3 kJ/mol). The kinetics study was fitted well to the Pseudo-second-order model indicated the fast adsorption of Pt (IV) into the MSA surface.
Evaluation of Nanolime-Silica Core-Shell for Consolidation of Egyptian Limestone Samples with Application on an Archaeological Object
Authors: Khalaf Mohamed Kamal , Roshdy Elsakhry Ahmed , Ismail Sameh Hamed , Abdel-Hamied Mostafa , Mohamed Gehad Genidy
Published: August 2022

The most of limestone objects in museums, storehouses and archaeological sites suffered from fragility and weakness which lead to the degradation of these artifacts. The present paper aims to evaluate the use of some nanolime-silica core-shell for consolidation process of these weak limestone artifacts. Two concentrations (5% and 10% w/w) were prepared for consolidating the aged limestone cubic samples. After complete drying, the cubic stones were exposed to the accelerated heat aging. The evaluation of consolidation process for the treated and aged treated samples was performed by some analytical methods such as measurement of physical properties and compressive strength. While, the investigation of surface morphology was carried out by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and measurement of contact angle. The characterization process for the prepared core-shell showed the smoothness and spherical shape of the grains with approximate size of 72 nm. The results of physical properties revealed that the treated samples with 10% of nanolime-silica core-shell gave the lowest porosity (15.57%) and water absorption (6.26%). Additionally, the treated samples with 10% concentration of nanolime-silica core-shell gave the highest values of compressive strength (21.23 Cm2/ Kg) and contact angle (122.78°). Moreover, the investigation using SEM revealed that the smoothness and good penetration for the treated sample with 10% concentration of nanolime-silica core-shell. The results of the present study revealed that the efficiency of consolidation process was maximum using 10% concentration of nanolime-silica core-shell and hence it was applied for consolidation of an archaeological limestone octagonal column, Egypt.
Study of Structural and Electrical Properties of CuFe-CGN for Renewable Energy Applications
Authors: Siddique Amna , Anis-ur-Rehman Muhammad
Published: August 2022

Renewable energy source is a clean energy production source and can overcome climatic challenges caused by the excessive use of fossil fuels. The nanocrystalline material of composition Cu0.2Fe0.2(Ce0.6Gd0.4-xNdx)0.6O2-x has been synthesized by WOWS sol-gel process by varying Neodymium as such x= 0.0, 0.05. These samples were calcined at 500°C for 2 hours and the pellets were sintered at 750°C for 5 hours. X-Ray Diffraction technique confirms the cubic fluorite structure of the material. The doped material has showed high dielectric constant value and low dissipation factor and increased AC conductivity. AC conductivity obeys the Universal Dielectric Response. The material shows the potential for applications such as an electrode/electrolyte for fuel cells or also as a dielectric resonator.
Agronomic and Proteomic Assessment of Salt Stress Responses in Pennisetum glaucum (Pearl Millet) Genotypes
Authors: Somasundaram Rajeswari , Sood Neeru , Somasundaram Arumugam
Published: August 2022

Salinity is one of the environmental stresses that alter protein expression. To evaluate that, two ICRISAT Pennisetum glaucum (pearl millet) genotypes (IP 19586 and IP 22269) were subjected to 0.3 dSm-1 and 10 dSm-1 salinities. The agronomic parameters and ion content were assessed to find the tolerance level of the genotype to salinity. Differential expression of proteins on salt stress in both genotypes were analyzed by 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis. MALDI–MS/MS-TOF-TOF analysis helped in ascertain the amino acid sequences and the MASCOT search suggested the biological process of the predicted proteins. IP 22269 exclude the accumulation of toxic level of sodium in leaf. Based on physiological responses, IP 22269 was proposed to be salt-sensitive, and IP 19586 salt-tolerant genotypes. 67 proteins were responsive either less or more abundant to salinity. As per findings, the proteins responsive to salt stress are granule-bound starch synthase 1, alpha-amylase, Meiotic recombination protein SPO11, flavonoid 3'- monooxygenase, ethylene receptor 4, protein transcription initiation factor Y 11g, and auxin-responsive protein IAA16. Further, based on the STRING analysis these proteins form a protein-protein interaction network with 171 proteins. This research elucidates few salt stress tolerance traits and network between the salt stress-responsive mechanisms in pearl millet.
Effect of Hydroxyapatite Synthesized from Tilapia Fish Scale Waste on the Shear Bond Strength of GIC and RMGIC to Enamel Layer (In Vitro Study)
Authors: Harahap Kholidina Imanda , Rahmi Henniza , Winni Metta
Published: August 2022

Indonesia is a country that has many types of freshwater fish, one of which is tilapia. The consumption of tilapia among the people of Indonesia is quite high. So that, it will produce a lot of fish scale waste. Fish scales can be used as a natural source of hydroxyapatite because they contain calcium. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of hydroxyapatite synthesized from tilapia fish scale (Oreochromis niloticus) on the shear bond strength of glass ionomer cement and resin modified glass ionomer cement to enamel layer. Hydroxyapatite was synthesized from tilapia fish scale (Oreochromis niloticus) by calcination method at 800°C. Sample was made from glass ionomer cement (GIC) and resin modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) combined with 2, 5 and 8%wt of hydroxyapatite, respectively. Sample was bonded to enamel layer of human premolar tooth. The shear bond strength of sample was tested by using Universal Testing Machine. The result showed that shear bond strength were increased for higher concentration of hydroxyapatite that added to glass ionomer cement or resin modified glass ionomer cement. The maximum of shear bond strength of GIC Group is 6,38 ± 0,05MPa after 8%wt hydroxyapatite addition. The maximum of shear bond strength of RMGIC Group is 6,59 ± 0,06 MPa after 8%wt hydroxyapatite addition. There were significance differences among all group tested (p <0.05). It can be concluded that hydroxyapatite synthesized from tylapia fish scale can increase the shear bond strength of glass ionomer cement and resin modified glass ionomer cement.
Chitin and Chitosan Preparation from Malaysian Black Soldier Fly Biomass: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Mohd Hayati Mohamad Fayyadh , Ab Rahman Mohd Hafizuddin , Zulkifli Nur Saadah , Ruslan Fatin Shazwani , Darnis Deny Susanti , Omar Suhaila
Published: August 2022

Chitin, as well as its deacetylated variant chitosan, has a wide range of applications in biomedical, agricultural, environmental and food industries. Currently, chitin is commercially produced from crustacean shells rather than fungal or insect sources. In this study, chitin from different lifecycle phases of the black soldier fly (BSF) was extracted and deacetylated into chitosan. Both BSF chitin and chitosan were further subjected to FTIR analysis. The chitin extraction yield % was obtained according to the following order: coccoon>larvae>prepupae. On the other hand, the yield of chemical deacetylation of chitin into chitosan showed a different trend: larvae>prepupae>coccoon. All samples have a deacetylation degree (DD) of more than 90 % except for chitosan from prepupae. FTIR profiles indicated all chitin extracted were in the α-form while the deacetylated chitosan matched closely to the commercially available chitosan. Overall, this study indicated that BSF biomass from different lifecycle phases could be a promising alternative resource for industrial chitin and chitosan production.
Glycerolysis of Lauric Acid with Strontium Enhanced 12-Tungstophosphoric Acid Incorporated SBA-15: Material Characterization and Reusability Elucidation
Authors: Samsun Nur Syazwani , Yong Hoo Peng , Abdullah Ahmad Zuhairi , Siti Kartini Enche Ab Rahim , Teoh Yi Peng , Shuit Siew Hoong , Ng Qi Hwa
Published: August 2022

SBA-15 was modified with strontium before being functionalized with HPW acid to investigate its performance and stability in the glycerolysis of lauric acid. The physical and chemical characteristics of the catalyst were analyzed using Fourier Transformed Infrared (FTIR), Scanning Electron Morphology (SEM), BET surface analysis, Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), and X-ray Diffraction (XRD). The collective evidence and finding from material characterizations, including the successfully formed and retained SBA-15 mesopores after modification twice, SrO formation and disappearance, post-SrO modification and HPW incorporation, respectively, further strengthen the claim of the strong anchoring of HPW onto the SBA-15 via the strontium-salt bridge. The reusability of the lauric acid conversion was also evaluated. The superior stability of the synthesized catalyst (HPW/SrSBA-15) was demonstrated with minimal to no change in both lauric acid conversion (75.34%) and monolaurin yield (38.9%). Such a result was attributed to the good interaction between HPW and SBA-15 via strontium modification and proved that the catalyst does not undergo severe deactivation and showed good catalytic activity in recycled use.
Finite Element Formulation and Simulation of Gamma Ray Attenuation of Single and Multilayer Materials Using Lead, Tungsten and EPDM
Authors: Boahen Joseph Konadu , Mohamed Samir A. Elsagheer , Khalil Ahmed S. G. , Hassan Mohsen A.
Published: August 2022

Gamma rays are high energy radiation that can be injurious to individuals who are exposed to them during their work in facilities such nuclear power plants, medical radiotherapy centers and particle accelerator laboratories. Hence radiation shields with adequate attenuation properties are required for protection. In this work gamma ray attenuation problem as given by Beer and Lambert is formulated and coded based on the finite element method for a narrow beam geometry. Attenuation of radiation from radioactive sources, 173Cs with energy 0.662 MeV and 60 Co having energies 1.173MeV and 1.332MeV in single and multilayer of lead, Tungsten and Ethylene-Propylene Diene Monomer systems have been simulated to study their efficiency in radiation shielding. The simulation results obtained from the finite element code is validated by comparing with well-established Monte Carlo simulation and experimental work. The numerical efficiency of the shielding showed good agreement with the literature.
Tensile Strength and Shore Hardness Evaluation in Clean Grade Silicone with Nanosilica Filler Reinforcement as an Alternative for Maxillofacial Prosthesis Materials
Authors: Kiantoro Inez , Sumarsongko Taufik , Damayanti Lisda , Takarini Veni
Published: August 2022

Maxillofacial prostheses are usually replaced periodically due to poor tear strength at the edges, inelasticity, and excessive hardness. Improvement in mechanical properties can be achieved by adding nanosilica fillers. Medical grade silicone as a maxillofacial prosthesis material is difficult to find on the local market and is quite expensive. Therefore, it is necessary to have an alternative maxillofacial prosthesis material that is more affordable and accessible. Clean grade silicone is a non-toxic type of silicone that can be modified by adding nanosilica filler to have properties similar to medical silicones so that they can be accepted as an alternative to maxillofacial prosthesis materials. The samples were made from clean grade silicone with various addition of nanosilica fillers: 0% (control), 1%, 2%, 3%, and 6%. Tensile strength was tested on each sample according to ISO 37: 2017 for silicone rubber. Dumb-bell shape samples were tested on Llyod Universal Testing Machine with 500 mm/min transverse rates. Hardness was tested on each sample according to the ASTM D2240 for silicone rubber. Six indentations were carried out on a rectangle sample (36 x 60 x 6 mm) tested with Durometer type A. The hardness result increased from 15,7 to 42,8 Shore A, while tensile strength decreased from 3.38 to 2.14 MPa. This could happen due to the agglomeration of silica filler concentration and need further research on the ratio and method for mixing. So, it can be concluded that the addition of 3% nanosilica filler resulted in acceptable tensile strength and hardness value as a substitute for maxillofacial prosthesis material.
Assessment on Optimal Level of Reactive Biosilica Affected by Incineration Conditions in Perlis Rice Husk Ash as Supplementary Cementitious Materials in Concrete
Authors: Malek Rohaya Abdul , Subramaniam Gooven , Kamaruddin Nadia , Che Abdullah Salmie Suhana
Published: August 2022

Rice husk (RH) is an agricultural waste transformed to produce secondary by-products and is widely accepted as a substitution of cement or concrete mixtures. This paper deals with the optimal level of SiO2 content due to various incineration conditions of rice husk grown in Perlis, Malaysia. RH was burnt in a controlled environment with a targeted temperature of 650, 750 and 850 °C at various incineration period between 1 and 6 h. All the ashes were assessed for visual inspection and physiochemical and mineralogical properties using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). From the analysis, a significant amount of SiO2 in the range of 89–93 wt % was successfully obtained with the preferable properties of supplementary cementitious materials: amorphous silica with high reactivity, ultrafine size, and large surface area. Contrary, the burning temperature of 850 °C greater than 4 h incineration period is not advisable to be used as it transformed into a crystalline phase. No obvious color changes were observed for the ashes as the amount oxide compound of K2O causes carbon entrapped in surface melting. To sum up, 650 °C incineration for 1 h shows an optimum result, and the RH is bearable to reduce the negative impact on the environment.
Synthesis and Effect of Nanocellulose Obtained from East Java Kenaf Fiber on Mechanical Properties of Polyurethane Foam Composites as Strong and Lightweight Materials
Authors: Siagian Yunella Amelia , Juwono Ariadne Lakshmidevi , Roseno Seto
Published: August 2022

Cellulose is a fascinating biopolymer and sustainable raw material. Cellulose particles with at least one dimension in the nanoscale are referred to as nanocellulose. Kenaf fiber is a natural fiber used in this study because it has high mechanical properties and strong interface adhesion with polymers so it provides superior properties to other natural fibers. Polyurethane (PU) foam is widely used as a core layer in sandwich composite construction to produce a lightweight material. This study presents a synthesis of cellulose nano-fibrils (CNF) extracted from East Java, Indonesia based kenaf fibers, an analysis of the effect of adding CNF as a filler and a reinforcement in PU foam composites, and a formulation of PU-CNF foam composite that provided the best mechanical properties as strong and lightweight materials in structural applications. The CNF extraction from kenaf fiber started by fiber pre-treatment including alkalization and bleaching, then mechanical treatment with an Ultra Fine Grinder to produce CNF suspension. The weight variations of CNF in PU foam were 0, 3, 5, 7, and 10 wt%. PU-CNF composite fabrication using the in-situ polymerization method. CNF characterization included TEM, XRD, and FT-IR. TEM results on CNF show that the CNF diameter is in the range of 40-70 nm. The functional group from the FT-IR results showed that the pre-treatment process on kenaf fiber was successful in reducing the lignin and hemicellulose content. XRD results showed that the CNF crystallinity was 75.22%. The PU-CNF foam composite characterization included a compressive test, 3-point bending test, and SEM. The PU foam composite with 3 wt% CNF reinforcement is the best composite which has the optimum value from the results of the compression test and the 3-point bending test. The compressive strength value increased by 20.01%, from 236.997 kPa to 284.434 kPa, the compressive modulus value increased by 29.21% from 5.67 MPa to 7.32 MPa, and the 3-point bending strength value increased 28.29% from 572.24 to 734.15 kPa. All the results expected to support that CNF was a potential reinforcement material with a high surface area for a wide variety of applications.
Preliminary Research on the Analysis of Chromium(III) Based on Digital Image Processing Method Utilizing Gold Nanoparticles as Colorimetric Sensor
Authors: Dyaninggar Pratyangga Surya , Santosa Sri Juari , Rusdiarso Bambang
Published: August 2022

Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been successfully synthesized using L-Ascorbic Acid as a reducing agent and p-Aminobenzoic Acid as a capping agent. These AuNPs were used to detect and quantify Chromium(III) as a pollutant utilizing its unique characteristic called surface plasmon resonance (SPR). The change of SPR and color of AuNPs then was employed to determine the concentration of Cr(III) by using colorimetric and Digital Image Colorimetric methods. Digital Image Colorimetry allowed to development of an easier and cheaper way to detect and quantify Cr(III). AuNPs capped p-aminobenzoic acid (AuNPs-PABA) were synthesized at room temperature without using any heating method. Then synthesized AuNPs-PABA were characterized using UV-Visible spectrometer and Transmission Electron Microscope. This AuNPs-PABA then got contacted to Cr(III) and color-changing happened in AuNPs-PABA was analyzed using UV-Vis Spectrometer and captured for Digital Image Colorimetric. The result showed that Digital Image Colorimetric method has a very big potential to be developed for AuNPs-based detection and quantification of Cr(III) as confirmed by good linearity of AuNPs-PABA-Cr(III) respect with Difference Intensity of Red Color Component, wider dynamic range, and Lower Limit of Detection (LoD).
Synthesis and Characterization of Sm/Zr Co-Doped CeO2 Ceramic for Solid Electrolyte Application
Authors: Che Abdullah Salmie Suhana , Soong Jia Xin , Bin Mohd Yusoff Muhammad Zaim , Salleh Siti Hawa , Malek Rohaya Abdul
Published: August 2022

In this paper, we report the properties of Sm and Zr co-doped CeO2 ceramic, which synthesized by conventional solid state reaction. Sm content in Ce site was fixed at 20 mol%, meanwhile Zr was varied in the range of 5 to 15 mol%. All samples was pressed under 26 MPa before sintered at 1400 °C for 5 hours. The X-ray diffraction patterns of samples confirm all the samples are in single-phase with cubic fluorite structure. The lattice parameter decreases with increase in Zr concentration. The relative density of all samples was more that 95%. The microhardness achieved highest value for sample with 0.05 mol% of Zr. The shrinkage and the change of bulk density shows direct correlation.
Formulation of Food-Grade Grease Using Paraffin Oil, Fumed Silica, and Chitosan
Authors: Nizam Mohd Khairul , Mohd Razmi Mohamad Shafiq , Mohd Ramli Najmuddin , Razali Mohd Najib
Published: August 2022

Three formulations intended for NSF H1 food-grade grease were prepared in this study comprising paraffin oil as a base oil and fumed silica as a thickener. No additive was added in formulation 1 (F1) and formulation 2 (F2), whereas chitosan was added in formulation 3 (F3) as an additive. A commercial food-grade grease (FGG) was used for comparison purposes. The formulated greases and the commercial FGG were characterised for thermal stability via thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and derivative thermogravimetric analysis (DTG). Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, dropping point, oil separation, and consistency tests were also carried out to evaluate the properties of the greases. The FTIR spectra were obtained for the fresh and aged greases for grease characterisation. The results showed that the grease made with chitosan as an additive demonstrated higher oil separation, better consistency, and was less affected by ageing, as indicated by the change of grease colour after the oil separation test. F1, F2, F3, and the commercial FGG recorded dropping points higher than 350 °C, indicating no dropping point properties for the tested greases. The grease formulated with chitosan (F3) achieved the highest oil separation with 1.21%, while the commercial FGG recorded the lowest oil separation with 0.66%, followed by F1 and F3 with the oil separation of 0.99% and 0.98%, respectively. For the consistency test, the NLGI number for each formulation varied but the commercial FGG showed the lowest NLGI number of 2, whereas F3 showed the NLGI number in the range of 2–3, and F1 showed the NLGI number of 3. The aged grease of F3 had unchanged consistency after the oil separation test. Based on the results, the formulated greases have acceptable properties in comparison to the commercial FGG, and the addition of chitosan contributes positively to the grease characteristics.
Ethics and rationale for sparing the saphenous vein
Authors: Franceschi Claude
Published: August 2022

Not available.
Median canaliform nail dystrophy involving thumb nails and great toe nails
Authors: Arragudla Vikram Kumar , Parthasaradhi Anchala
Published: August 2022

Median canaliform dystrophy of Heller is a rare entity characterized by median or midline split of nails in one or both thumb nails. Treatment of median canaliform dystrophy is at times challenging as no successful therapy is available till date. Recently reported treatments include topical steroids, calcineurin inhibitor tacrolimus 0.1%, and tazarotene 0.05% ointment. We report the case of a 30-year-old man who came to our institute with complaints of nail lesions over both thumb nails and great toe nails from the past 5 years, which was causing cosmetic disfigurement.
An insight into the value of circular RNA in psoriasis pathogenesis and its correlation with PASI score
Authors: Naguib Rehab M. , El-Rifaie Abd-El A. , El-Taweel Abd-El A. , Dahab Mohamed M.F.A.A.
Published: August 2022

Background

Psoriasis is a chronic hyperproliferative inflammatory disease, in which genetic and environmental factors have an important role, but the exact cause is yet unknown. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are regulatory noncoding RNAs. They play an important role in multiple physiological and pathological processes, such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and neuronal diseases. Some circRNAs are involved in regulating immunity, inflammation, and cell proliferation in many types of cells.

Aim

To detect the expression of circRNA (Circ0061012) in psoriatic skin of diseased patients as compared with normal control persons to investigate the possible role of circRNA in psoriasis pathogenesis and its correlation with disease severity.

Patients and methods

The present study included 30 psoriatic patients and 30 healthy controls. A 4-mm punch skin biopsy was taken from patients (psoriatic lesion) and controls, and it was kept in the lysis solution for the stability of the studied parameters and was kept frozen at -80°Celsius till analysis of circRNA by real-time polymerase chain reaction.

Results

The tissue level of circRNA (Circ0061012) was significantly higher among patients with psoriasis as compared with normal control individuals.

Conclusion

circRNA could contribute to psoriasis pathogenesis through its immunomodulatory role, so it might be a therapeutic target in the future.
Assessment of tissue expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 level in patients with vitiligo and its relation to disease pattern, activity, and severity
Authors: Mohammed Samar M. , Eyada Moustafa M.K. , Elokda Mohammed O. , Mohammed Ghada F.
Published: August 2022

Background

Vitiligo is a common acquired depigmentary disorder characterized by milky-white cutaneous macules devoid of identifiable functional melanocytes of unknown origin. Several hypotheses have been advanced to explain the link between matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and vitiligo.

Aim

We aimed to compare the tissue expression of MMP-9 in vitiligo lesions with that of healthy controls.

Patients and methods

A case–control study was performed to evaluate MMP-9 levels by punch biopsies using an immunohistochemistry technique in lesional and nonlesional tissues of the same patient with vitiligo and in comparison with healthy controls. The study included 20 patients (10 patients with vitiligo and 10 healthy controls). Patients included were 18 years of age and older of both sexes, any duration, and any subtype.

Results

MMP-9 expression was found to be lower in the lesional skin of patients with vitiligo at the basal cell layer, follicular epithelium, and stromal cell layer when compared with nonlesional skin of the same patient with vitiligo and matched control individuals.

Conclusion

Tissue MMP-9 imbalance has a role in the etiopathogenesis of vitiligo. The low MMP-9 tissue expression may not facilitate the migration of melanoblasts. Tissue MMP-9 is a significant predictor of severity of vitiligo.
Serum levels of macrophage migration inhibitory factor in cutaneous warts after microneedling-assisted topical bleomycin as a novel modality
Authors: Tawfik Noha Z. , Mahmoud Ghada H. , Omar Hanan H. , Gomaa Amal H.A.
Published: August 2022

Background

Plantar warts are a common viral infection affecting adults and children. Many studies concerning bleomycin show discrepancies in cure rates. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) plays an important role in the skin regarding inflammation and immune response. However, little is known about its relation to cutaneous warts.

Aim

To assess serum MIF levels in patients with common warts before and after treatment by microneedling-assisted topical bleomycin (MATB).

Patients and methods

This quasi experimental study included 33 patients with cutaneous warts treated by MATB. MIF levels were assessed before and after treatment.

Results

The mean serum MIF level was significantly lower before bleomycin treatment and increased after treatment.

Conclusion

The serum MIF has a role in the immunity against human papillomavirus infection and MATB is a promising noninvasive therapeutic modality for cutaneous warts.
Study of involvement of terminal and vellus hair follicle in dermatophytic infections
Authors: Dhande Roma , Madke Bhushan , Singh Adarshlata , Jawade Sugat , Maheshwari Praveen
Published: August 2022

Aim

To study the involvement of terminal and vellus hair follicle in dermatophytic infections.

Objectives

Methodology

A 4mm punch biopsy was collected from the active border involving the hairy part of the skin and stained with Hematyoxylin and Eosin and Periodic acid schiff stain . Hair follicle portions were examined to check if there are any fungal elements in the follicle.

Result

It was found that there was correlation between duration of disease and involvement of hair follicle.

Conclusion

Chronicity is associated with hair follicle involvement, requiring longer duration of oral Antifungals for complete clearance of infection.
Angiokeratoma corporis diffusum − a rare case report
Authors: Navakumar Manickam , Seethalakshmi Ganga Vellaisamy , Meera Lalu , Kannan Gopalan
Published: August 2022

We report a case of a 22-year-old male patient with angiokeratoma corporis diffusum, which is a cutaneous feature of many lysosomal storage disorders, but we diagnosed it as Fabry disease (FD) as our patient had normal intelligence associated with coarse facies, acroparesthesia, ocular changes like dilated vessels in conjunctiva, and presence of vacuolated endothelial cells in histopathological examination. It is an X-linked inborn error of the glycosphingolipid metabolic pathway that is associated with protean manifestations and is a paradigm of a multi-system condition with symptoms expressing themselves in many organs. We report this rare case mainly to stress the importance of proper clinical evaluation in the diagnosis of FD in today’s era of costly investigations like enzyme assay, which is not feasible in our setting. It also shows the importance of proper dermatological assessment, which has a highly positive predictive value in terms of assessing systemic morbidity in FD.
Real-World Study of Osimertinib in Korean Patients with Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor T790M Mutation–Positive Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Lee Jang Ho , Kim Eun Young , Park Cheol-Kyu , Lee Shin Yup , Lee Min ki , Yoon Seong-Hoon , Lee Jeong Eun , Lee Sang Hoon , Kim Seung Joon , Lee Sung Yong , Lim Jun Hyeok , Jang Tae-Won , Jang Seung Hun , Lee Kye Young , Lee Seung Hyeun , Yang Sei Hoon , Park Dong Won , Park Chan Kwon , Kang Hye Seon , Yeo Chang Dong , Choi Chang-Min , Lee Jae Cheol
Published: August 2022

Purpose Although osimertinib is the standard-of-care treatment of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) T790M mutation–positive non–small cell lung cancer, real-world evidence on the efficacy of osimertinib is not enough to reflect the complexity of the entire course of treatment. Herein, we report on the use of osimertinib in patients with EGFR T790M mutation–positive non–small cell lung cancer who had previously received EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) treatment in Korea.Materials and Methods Patients with confirmed EGFR T790M after disease progression of prior EGFR-TKI were enrolled and administered osimertinib 80 mg daily. The primary effectiveness outcome was progression-free survival, with time-to-treatment discontinuation, treatment and adverse effects leading to treatment discontinuation, and overall survival being the secondary endpoints.Results A total of 558 individuals were enrolled, and 55.2% had investigator-assessed responses. The median progression-free survival was 14.2 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 13.0 to 16.4), and the median time-to-treatment discontinuation was 15.0 months (95% CI, 14.1 to 15.9). The median overall survival was 36.7 months (95% CI, 30.9 to not reached). The benefit with osimertinib was consistent regardless of the age, sex, smoking history, and primary EGFR mutation subtype. However, hepatic metastases at the time of diagnosis, the presence of plasma EGFR T790M, and the shorter duration of prior EGFR-TKI treatment were poor predictors of osimertinib treatment. Ten patients (1.8%), including three with pneumonitis, had to discontinue osimertinib due to severe adverse effects.Conclusion Osimertinib demonstrated its clinical effectiveness and survival benefit for EGFR T790M mutation–positive in Korean patients with no new safety signals.
Determination of parameters affecting kinetic and thermodynamic values for lead removal Using wastewater treatment plant sewage sludge ash
Authors: İrdemez Şahset , Yeşilyurt Duygu , Ekmekyapar Torun Fatma , Kul Sinan
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT. In this study, treatment of lead containing wastewater using sewage sludge ash obtained from the incineration unit in the domestic wastewater treatment plant in Gaziantep province in Turkey was investigated. The main purpose of the study is to determine the potential of using the treatment sludge ash, which comes out as waste in the treatment plant, in the treatment of wastewater of another industry. As a result of this study, the most suitable adsorption conditions were determined and focused on the kinetics of adsorption. In the experiments, the lead adsorption capacity of sewage sludge ash was determined as 122 mg g-1 at 0.5 g L-1 adsorbent concentration in wastewater containing 100 mg L-1 Pb2+ under optimum conditions. As a result of the research, it was determined that the adsorption reaction proceeds according to the pseudo second degree reaction and is suitable for the Langmuir isotherm. As thermodynamic constants, ΔH° = 7.407 kJ mol-1 and ΔS° = 33.25 J mol-1 were determined. As a result of this, it was determined that the adsorption reaction was endothermic, spontaneous and random, and adsorption was physical adsorption. The results show that sewage sludge ash can be used in the treatment of water containing high concentrations of Pb2+.  

 

KEY WORDS: Adsorption, Heavy metal, Lead removal, Sewage sludge ash

Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2022, 36(4), 935-948.                                                              

DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v36i4.18
A comprehensive study on optical features, gamma photon buildup factors and neutron shielding capability of B2O3-SB2O3-LI2O-BI2O3 glasses
Authors: A.M. Alsaif Norah , M. Abdelghany A. , S. Rammah Y. , O. Olarinoye I. , V. Kudrevatykh N. , S. Abouhaswa A.
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT. Linear, nonlinear optical properties, photon buildup factors, and neutron shielding capability of glasses with chemical composition (65-x)B2O3-10Sb2O3-25Li2O-xBi2O3, where x = 0 (BSLB0) – 20 (BSLB20) mol% with steps of 4 mol% were examined. Molar refractivity (Rmolar) and molar polarizability (αmolar) were increased as Bi2O3 content mol% increase in the examined BSLB-glasses. The values of metallization criterion (Mcriterion) confirmed that the BSLB-glasses were non-metallic materials. The static (εstatic) and optical (εoptical) dielectric constants having the same trend of the refractive index (noptical). Values of optical electronegativity (χ*) were reduced from 0.825 for BSLB0 (Bi2O3 = 0 mol%) glasses to 0.758 for BSLB20 (Bi2O3 = 20 mol%) glasses. The linear electric/dielectric susceptibility (χ(1)) increased from 0.370 to 0.397. The nonlinear optical susceptibility (χ3) and nonlinear refractive index n2optical were enhanced by increasing Bi2O3 content in the BSLB-glasses. The BSLB20 glasses presented the least exposure and energy absorption build-up factors (EBF and EABF) at all considered thickness. BSLB20 sample achieved the best fast neutron removal cross section ( ) shield among all glasses. The total stopping powers (TSP) follows the trend (TSP)BSLB0 < (TSP)BSLB4 < (TSP)BSLB8 < (TSP)BSLB12 < (TSP)BSLB16 < (TSP)BSLB20. The electron absorbing and hence shielding capacity of the BSLB-glasses improves as their Bi2O3 content increase.  

 

KEY WORDS: Antimony lithium-borate glasses, Optical properties, Buildup factors, Neutron shielding

 

Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2022, 36(4), 949-962.                                                               

DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v36i4.19
Chemical constituents of the leaves of Actinodaphne pruinosa
Authors: Mohd Nuzul Hakimi Wan Salleh Wan , Mohd Shakri Natasa , Azlan Nafiah Mohd , Ab Ghani Nurunajah , Edayah Rasol Nurulfazlina , Syafiqah Rezali Nurul , Haffiz Jauri Muhammad
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT. This study was designed to investigate the chemical constituents from Actinodaphne pruinosa growing in Malaysia. A phytochemical investigation of the leaves part resulted in the isolation of boldine (1), norboldine (2), laurotetanine (3), reticuline (4), syringaresinol (5), lupeol (6), and taraxerol (7). The structures of the isolated phytochemicals were established by analysis of their spectroscopic data, as well as the comparison with that of reported data. Notably, this is the first time to report the isolation and structural elucidation of the constituents from the leaves part of A. pruinosa.

 

KEY WORDS: Actinodaphne pruinosa, Aporphine, Lauraceae, Phytochemical

 

Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2022, 36(4), 963-969.                                                              

DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v36i4.20
Total phenolics and antioxidant capacity of the white and brown teff [Eragrostic tef (Zuccagni) trotter] varieties cultivated in different parts of Ethiopia
Authors: Yisak Hagos , Redi-Abshiro Mesfin , Singh Chandravanshi Bhagwan , Ele Yaya Estifanos
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT. This study was aimed to determine the total phenolics contents and antioxidant capacity of white and brown teff grain samples. The free total polyphenolic content (TPPC), bound TPPC and total flavonoids content ranged from 62.1–129.9, 84.6–189.6 mg GAE/100 g and 84.4–195.1 mg QE/100 g, respectively, in white teff samples, and, 118.6–196.7, 141.1–195.1 mg GAE/100 g and 97.8–202.5 mg QE/100 g, respectively, in brown teff samples. Besides, the free 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and bound DPPH ranged from 74.8–98.3, 77.1–99.9 mg AAE/100 g, respectively, for white teff samples, and, 68.7–93.1 and 71.2–99.4 mg AAE/100 g, respectively, for brown teff samples. This study revealed that total phenolics content was higher in brown teff samples than white teff samples and is in agreement with other reports. However, their DPPH scavenging activities were nearly equal, indicating that both varieties of teff are relevant for human nutrition and health. Furthermore, the dendrogram has shown sharp separation of the samples based on their origin and variety related to the total phenolics parameters. Hence, findings of this study can help consumers appreciate the nutritional value of white and brown teff grains; provide them guidance for teff purchase and production.

 

KEY WORDS: Teff, Phenolics, Gallic acid, Ascorbic acid, Anti-oxidant, DPPH

 

Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2022, 36(4), 749-766.                                                             

DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v36i4.3