bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Integrating novel therapeutic monoclonal antibodies into the management of head and neck cancer
Authors: Bauman Julie E. , Ferris Robert L.
Published: November 2013

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is an immunosuppressive malignancy. Interest in developing novel immunotherapies in HNSCC has been reawakened by the success of cetuximab, a therapeutic monoclonal antibody (mAb) against the epidermal growth factor receptor, which likely relies on immune as well as antisignaling mechanisms. This review focuses on novel therapeutic mAbs in current clinical development against established mechanisms of immune evasion in HNSCC, targeting: 1) tumor antigens, with resultant potential to induce antibody‐dependent cell‐mediated cytotoxicity and T cell activation; 2) immunosuppressive cytokines; 3) costimulatory tumor necrosis factor–family receptors; and 4) coinhibitory immune checkpoint receptors. Clinical trials of immunotherapeutic mAbs as monotherapy, in combination with cytolytic standard therapies exposing tumor antigens or in combination with other immunomodulatory mAbs, are urgently needed in HNSCC. Cancer 2014;120:624–632. © 2013 American Cancer Society.
Survival impact of surgical resection of primary tumor in patients with stage IV colorectal cancer: Results from a large population‐based cohort study
Authors: Ahmed Shahid , Leis Anne , Fields Anthony , Chandra‐Kanthan Selliah , Haider Kamal , Alvi Riaz , Reeder Bruce , Pahwa Punam
Published: November 2013

BACKGROUND

Currently, there is very low‐quality evidence available regarding benefit of surgical resection of the primary tumor (SRPT), in patients with stage IV colorectal cancer (CRC). In the absence of randomization, the reported benefit may reflect selection of younger and healthier patients with good performance status. A large population‐based cohort study was undertaken to determine the survival benefit of SRPT in advanced CRC by eliminating various biases reported in the literature.

METHODS

A retrospective cohort study involving patients with stage IV CRC, diagnosed between 1992 and 2005, in the province of Saskatchewan, Canada. Survival was estimated by using the Kaplan‐Meier method. Survival distribution was compared by log‐rank test. Cox proportional multivariate regression analysis was performed to determine survival benefit of SRPT by controlling other prognostic variables.

RESULTS

A total of 1378 eligible patients were identified. Their median age was 70 years (range, 22‐98 years) and male:female ratio was 1.3:1; 944 (68.5%) of them underwent SRPT. Among 1378 patients, 42.3% received chemotherapy and 19.1% received second‐generation therapy. Patients who underwent SRPT and received chemotherapy had median overall survival of 18.3 months (95% confidence interval [CI] = 16.6‐20 months) compared with 8.4 months (95% CI = 7.1‐9.7 months) if they were treated with chemotherapy alone (P < .0001). Cox proportional analysis revealed that use of chemotherapy (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.47, 95% CI = 0.41‐0.54), SRPT (HR = 0.49, 95% CI = 0.41‐0.58), second‐line chemotherapy (HR = 0.47, 95% CI = 0.45‐0.64), and metastasectomy (HR = 0.54, 95% CI = 0.45‐0.64) were correlated with superior survival.

CONCLUSIONS

SRPT improves survival in patients with stage IV CRC, independent of other prognostic variables including age, performance status, comorbid illness and chemotherapy. Cancer 2014;120:683–691. © 2013 American Cancer Society.
Additive‐free solvothermal synthesis of peanut‐like BiVO4 powders with enhanced photocatalysis activity
Authors: Wang X. J. , Liu H. L. , Wan X. L. , Wang J. R. , Chang L. L.
Published: November 2013

Monoclinic peanut‐like BiVO4 products have been successfully synthesized by a solvothermal method. The volume of CH3COOH and the concentration of NH3·H2O were found to play important roles in the formation of this morphology. The optimal condition for preparation of highly active peanut‐like BiVO4 samples are the volume of CH3COOH, which was 5 ml, and the concentration of NH3·H2O, which was 2 mol/L. The as‐prepared samples were characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM, DRS, BET, and their photocatalytic activity was evaluated by photocatalytic decolorization of a Rhodamine B (RhB) aqueous solution under visible‐light irradiation. The results demonstrated that BiVO4 with peanut‐like morphology was better than that of other BiVO4 samples for photodegradation of RhB.
Growth‐rate Enhancement of High‐quality, Low‐loss CVD‐produced Diamond Disks Grown for Microwave Windows Application
Authors: Bogdanov Sergey , Vikharev Anatoly , Gorbachev Aleksei , Muchnikov Anatoly , Radishev Dmitry , Ovechkin Nikolai , Parshin Vladimir
Published: November 2013

The effect of nitrogen addition on the growth rate, quality, and properties of polycrystalline diamond grown by microwave plasma assisted (MPA)CVD is investigated. Two series of experiments are performed at two different microwave power densities (40 and 110 W cm‐3) using a 2.45 GHz cylindrical microwave reactor. The results show that the beneficial effect of nitrogen is more distinct at higher microwave power densities. To investigate the properties of polycrystalline diamond grown with nitrogen addition, a thick diamond disk of 50 mm diameter is grown with an addition of 50 ppm nitrogen using a 2.45 GHz ellipsoidal microwave reactor. The grown diamond disk has a thermal conductivity of 17.3 W cm‐1 K‐1 and dielectric loss tangent of 3.7 × 10‐5 at a frequency of 170 GHz, and its parameters are suitable for application in microwave windows (e.g., gyrotron windows). Our results indicate that it is possible to achieve the increased (by a factor of 2.5) growth rates by nitrogen addition without significant degradation of diamond quality, and properties such as thermal conductivity and dielectric loss tangent.
Signaling while eating: MCL is coupled with Mincle
Authors: Yamasaki Sho
Published: November 2013

Recently, C‐type lectin receptors (CLRs) have been identified as a newly emerging family of pattern‐recognition receptors for pathogen‐associated molecular patterns. The ligand and function of many “individual” CLRs have been clarified in the past few years. A new report by Lobato‐Pascual et al. in this issue of the European Journal of Immunology [Eur. J. Immunol. 2013. 43: 3167–3174] shows that a rat CLR, named macrophage C‐type lectin (also called Clec4d), forms a heterodimer with another CLR, macrophage inducible C‐type lectin (also called Clec4e). This finding sheds light on a possible synergistic regulation of different C‐type lectin receptors by forming heterodimers: such heterodimers may amplify signaling, expand ligand specificity, or confer multiple functions.
Evaluation of performance and cost of combustion‐based power plants with CO2 capture in the United Kingdom
Authors: Catalanotti Elena , Hughes Kevin J. , Porter Richard T.J. , Price Jon , Pourkashanian Mohamed
Published: November 2013

A techno‐economic assessment of options for large scale combustion based power generation in the United Kingdom is presented. Three of the main technologies for large‐scale power generation are examined: Pulverised Fuel (PF), Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC), and Natural Gas Combined Cycle (NGCC), with and without CO2 capture. The effect of three different CO2 capture technologies is studied: Post‐Combustion Capture (PCC) is applied to PF and NGCC plants, Oxyfuel Combustion Capture (OCC) is applied to PF plants, while precombustion capture is for IGCC. Different suboptions for PCC are applied to PF and NGCC plants, namely: amine scrubbing, ammonia scrubbing and membrane physical absorption, with the latter technology applied only to PF plants. Alternatives to coal are studied by using mixtures of 75% coal and 25% biomass by weight in PF and IGCC plants. Fifteen combustion technology, fuel and CO2 capture combinations are tested, including five base cases without CO2 capture with different combustion technologies and fuels, four PF‐PCC cases with different solid fuels and capture suboptions, 2 PF‐OCC cases with different solid fuels, two NGCC‐PCC cases with different capture suboptions, and two IGCC cases with precombustion capture and different solid fuels. The Integrated Environmental Control Model (IECM) for calculating the performance, emission and cost of fossil‐fuelled power plants is used to perform the techno‐economic comparison. The results highlight the economic preference for PCC. NGCC is the most efficient and economically attractive choice and although IGCC plants are more expensive than PF plants, the introduction of CO2 capture makes IGCC competitive. © 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 33: 1425–1431, 2014
Combined antitumor effects of bee venom and cisplatin on human cervical and laryngeal carcinoma cells and their drug resistant sublines
Authors: Gajski Goran , Čimbora‐Zovko Tamara , Rak Sanjica , Rožman Marko , Osmak Maja , Garaj‐Vrhovac Vera
Published: November 2013

In the present study, we investigated the possible combined anticancer ability of bee venom (BV) and cisplatin towards two pairs of tumour cell lines: parental cervical carcinoma HeLa cells and their cisplatin‐resistant HeLa CK subline, as well as laryngeal carcinoma HEp‐2 cells and their cisplatin‐resistant CK2 subline. Additionally, we identified several peptides of BV in the BV sample used in the course of the study and determined the exact concentration of MEL. BV applied alone in concentrations of 30 to 60 µg ml–1 displayed dose‐dependent cytotoxicity against all cell lines tested. Cisplatin‐resistant cervical carcinoma cells were more sensitive to BV than their parental cell lines (IC50 values were 52.50 µg ml–1 for HeLa vs. 47.64 µg ml–1 for HeLa CK cells), whereas opposite results were obtained for cisplatin‐resistant laryngeal carcinoma cells (IC50 values were 51.98 µg ml–1 for HEp‐2 vs. > 60.00 µg ml–1 for CK2 cells). Treatment with BV alone induced a necrotic type of cell death, as shown by characteristic morphological features, fast staining with ethidium‐bromide and a lack of cleavage of apoptotic marker poly (ADP‐ribose) polymerase (PARP) on Western blot. Combined treatment of BV and cisplatin induced an additive and/or weak synergistic effect towards tested cell lines, suggesting that BV could enhance the killing effect of selected cells when combined with cisplatin. Therefore, a greater anticancer effect could be triggered if BV was used in the course of chemotherapy. Our results suggest that combined treatment with BV could be useful from the point of minimizing the cisplatin concentration during chemotherapy, consequently reducing and/or postponing the development of cisplatin resistance. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Capillary blood flow imaging within human finger cuticle using optical microangiography
Authors: Baran Utku , Shi Lei , Wang Ruikang K.
Published: November 2013

We report non‐invasive 3D imaging of capillary blood flow within human finger cuticle by the use of Doppler optical microangiography (DOMAG) and ultra‐high sensitive optical microangiography (UHS‐OMAG) techniques. Wide velocity range DOMAG method is applied to provide red blood cell (RBC) axial velocity mapping in capillary loops with ranges of ±0.9 mm/s and ±0.3 mm/s. Additionally, UHS‐OMAG technique is engineered to acquire high resolution image of capillary morphology. The presented results are promising to facilitate clinical trials of treatment and diagnosis of various diseases such as diabetes, Raynaud's phenomenon, and connective tissue diseases by quantifying cutaneous blood flow changes within human finger cuticle. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Synthesis and Characterization of Surface Functional Polymer Nanoparticles by a Bottom‐Up Approach from Tailor‐Made Amphiphilic Block Copolymers
Authors: Engelhardt Nadine , Ernst Andrea , Kampmann Anne‐Larissa , Weberskirch Ralf
Published: November 2013

Core‐crosslinked nanoparticles presenting secondary amine functional groups in the hydrophilic shell are synthesized by a bottom‐up approach. The route utilizes polymerization of 2‐oxazolines to prepare tailor‐made block copolymers with a primary or secondary amine end group in the hydrophilic block and alkynyl moieties in the hydrophobic part of the polymer. Upon solubilization in the aqueous media, these block copolymers form micelles that are photocrosslinked by a radical polymerization process to afford two types of core‐crosslinked nanoparticles, either with secondary amines, NP1, or primary amines, NP2, on the surface. The dimensions and stability of the core‐crosslinked nanoparticles are characterized by dynamic light scattering and fluorescence spectroscopy. The availability and reactivity of the amine groups in the hydrophilic shell are demonstrated by reaction with different aromatic model compounds resulting in a degree of surface functionalization of 4–47% for NP1 nanoparticles with secondary amino groups and a 20–95% degree of surface functionalization for NP2 with primary amine groups, as determined by UV–vis spectroscopy.

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A Study of Morphology Modulation of Honeycomb Hybrid Films and the Interfacial Behavior of Silica Particles within a Patterned Polymeric Matrix
Authors: Sun Wei , Zhou Yuchen , Ju Yuanlai , Yang Li , Xu Tangjie , Chen Zhongren
Published: November 2013

Honeycomb hybrid films are formed using the particle‐assisted breath figure (BF) method. By adding silica particles into the casting polymer solution, regular arrays of micrometer‐sized pores with interior walls selectively decorated by the particles can be readily prepared. The modulation of the geometrical features of the obtained patterned surface is achieved by simply adjusting the casting conditions or the composition of the silica particle/polymer system. By tuning the amount and interfacial properties of the added particles, variable assembly morphologies of the particles within the pore array are obtained and thoroughly analyzed. The effect of the adsorption of the particles on the interfacial tension between water/solvent is also explored.

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Eccentric contractions of gastrocnemius muscle‐induced nerve damage in rats
Authors: Lee Kihyuk , Kouzaki Karina , Ochi Eisuke , Kobayashi Koji , Tsutaki Arata , Hiranuma Kenji , Kami Katsuya , Nakazato Koichi
Published: November 2013

Introduction

We examined the effects of gastrocnemius eccentric contractions (ECs) on the sciatic nerve in rats. Methods: Rats were divided randomly into the following 3 groups: control, 180EC (ECs with 180°/s angular velocity), and 30EC (ECs with 30°/s angular velocity). Twenty ECs were induced by electrical stimulation of the gastrocnemius. On days 3, 7, and 10 after the ECs, nerve conduction velocity (NCV) was measured, and sciatic nerve branches were harvested for analysis. Results: A significant decrease in NCV was observed between the control and day‐7 180EC. Significant reduction in the levels of myelin sheath protein zero (p0) between day 7 and day 3 180EC and a significant increase of macrophage‐related protein and tyrosine kinase receptor C were observed between day 7 180EC and day 7 30EC. Conclusions: ECs with fast angular velocities induce functional and structural damage in innervating nerve. Muscle Nerve 50: 87–94, 2014
Diluted regulations—a need to review the theoretical classification of the different lobbying regulatory environments
Authors: Veksler Albert
Published: November 2013

Regulation has been claimed to be acquired by the industry, yet while the economic regulation was often established with the approval and encouragement of the regulated industry, social regulation has usually been thrust upon industry following demands by public interest groups. Why would the social regulation still fail to produce behaviour, or results in accordance with the public interest, if the public interest groups initiated it? The failure to define clearly the concept of ‘public interest’ and the absence of adequately clear regulatory objectives would not provide all the convincing answers. The wish of the politicians to respond to a mischief before public concern dies down, seems to point towards the symbolic politics claims.

Although lobbying is integral to democratic politics, it challenges the policy making process as the risks and opportunities associated with policy change are large. Lobbying regulations, belonging to the social regulations fold, have been observed as symbolic in Israel and are diluted by tricky loopholes. Recent research has used data from Centre of Public Integrity (CPI) in order to theoretically classify different regulatory environments. The CPI measures only what the law says, but it does not measure the outcome—the application of the law. This paper points out that the possible interaction of symbolic politics with social regulation may lead to the reoccurring legislative void, resulting in the dilution effect of the lobbying regulations, and it highlights the need to review the theoretical classification, and thereby, also the actual strength of the different regulatory environments. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Inter‐sample avoidance in trajectory optimizers using mixed‐integer linear programming
Authors: Richards Arthur , Turnbull Oliver
Published: November 2013

This paper proposes an extension to trajectory optimization using mixed‐integer linear programming. The purpose of the extension is to ensure that avoidance constraints are respected at all times between discrete samples, not just at the sampling times themselves. The method is very simple and involves applying the same switched constraints at adjacent time steps. This requires fewer additional constraints than the existing approach and is shown to reduce computation time. A key benefit of efficient inter‐sample avoidance is the facility to reduce the number of time steps without having to compensate by enlarging the obstacles. A further extension to the principle is presented to account for curved paths between samples, proving useful in cases where narrow passageways are traversed. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optimal partitioning method for stability analysis of continuous/discrete delay systems
Authors: Feng Zhiguang , Lam James , Yang Guang‐Hong
Published: November 2013

This paper is concerned with the problem of stability analysis for continuous‐time/discrete‐time systems with interval time‐varying delay. Based on the idea of partitioning the delay interval into l nonuniform subintervals, new Lyapunov functionals are established. By utilizing the reciprocally convex approach to deal with the delay information in each subinterval, sufficient stability conditions are proposed in terms of linear matrix inequalities. Based on these criteria, the optimal partitioning method is given on the basis of the genetic algorithm. Finally, the reduced conservatism of the results in this paper is illustrated by numerical examples. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prevalence of DSM‐IV mental disorders, deliberate self‐harm and suicidal ideation in early adolescence: An Irish population‐based study
Authors: Coughlan Helen , Tiedt Lauren , Clarke Mary , Kelleher Ian , Tabish Javeria , Molloy Charlene , Harley Michelle , Cannon Mary
Published: November 2013

Background

This study investigated the prevalence of DSM‐IV Axis 1 mental disorders, deliberate self‐harm and suicidal ideation in a sample of Irish adolescents aged 11–13 years.

Methods

A total of 1131 students was surveyed for general psychopathology using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Following this, a representative sample of 212 adolescents was assessed for mental disorders, deliberate self‐harm and suicidal ideation using the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School‐Aged Children.

Results

14.6% of the sample met criteria for a borderline score and 6.9% for an abnormal score on the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Following clinical diagnostic interviews, 27.4% of participants received a current diagnosis of an Axis 1 disorder and 36.8% received a lifetime diagnosis, those rates falling to 15.4% and 31.2% respectively when specific phobias were excluded.

Conclusions

Findings from this study reveal that Irish adolescents aged 11–13 years are experiencing high levels of mental ill‐health.
Résultats de l’expérimentation éducation aux risques liés à l’injection (ERLI) par Médecins du Monde, Paris
Authors: Debrus M. , Avril E. , Rogissart V. , Kartner A. , Pauty M.-D. , Corty J.-F.
Published: November 2013

Problématique

Nous savons désormais que la mise à disposition de matériel stérile et sa distribution ne suffisent pas pour contrer la transmission du virus de l’hépatite C, alors que cela l’a été pour la transmission du VIH. Les actions d’information se montrent insuffisantes et nous observons souvent un décalage entre les pratiques déclarées par les personnes et la réalité.

Action

Dans une perspective de santé et afin de répondre aux besoins exprimés par les usagers, Médecins du Monde a lancé fin 2010 un programme pilote d’éducation aux risques liés à l’injection (projet ERLI). Celui-ci propose aux usagers de drogues par voie intraveineuse des séances éducatives à la fois théoriques et pratiques au cours desquelles des intervenants travaillent avec un usager, à partir de ses réelles pratiques d’injection, à l’acquisition de compétences permettant à la personne, de manière autonome, de mieux se protéger et de prendre soin de sa santé.

Résultats

Depuis 2010, l’équipe a inclus plus de 160 personnes et réalisé plus de 700 séances d’accompagnement à l’injection en collaboration avec les CAARUD Gaïa Paris et Sida Paroles à Colombes. Notre expérience révèle que ce type d’action se montre indispensable pour mieux connaître les réelles pratiques des usagers et les facteurs impliqués dans la gestion des risques liés à l’injection, pour adapter nos messages de réduction des risques et nous assurer de leur bonne compréhension.

Perspectives

Une recherche, soutenue et financée par l’Agence Nationale de Recherche sur le Sida et les hépatites (ANRS), a été développée avec AIDES et l’Inserm de Marseille. Les résultats sont attendus pour 2014. Médecins du Monde et AIDES souhaitent ainsi que cette pratique puisse se diffuser à l’ensemble des CAARUD de France, plus de 130 sur tout le territoire.
Évaluation de l’intérêt d’un Serious game chez des patients souffrant de troubles bipolaires inclus dans un programme de psychoéducation
Authors: Olié E. , Franck N. , Gard S. , Llorca P.-M. , Maurel-Raymondet M. , Nuss P. , Orth J.-P. , Rousselet A.-V. , Sorbara F. , Lukasiewicz M. , Mathieu B. , Vega C. , Courtet P.
Published: November 2013

Introduction

La psychoéducation du trouble bipolaire favorise l’adhésion thérapeutique et le maintien de l’euthymie à 2 ans [1]. Au terme d’un tel programme, les patients peuvent avoir besoin d’aide pour perpétuer la mise en place des apprentissages concernant l’observance thérapeutique, les routines de vie quotidienne, l’évitement des toxiques et le repérage des prodromes thymiques. Le Serious Game BIPOLIFE®, jeu centré sur un avatar souffrant de trouble bipolaire évoluant dans des situations de la vie courante, s’articule aussi autour de ces cibles.

Objectifs

Évaluer la qualité de l’observance thérapeutique par la Medication Adherence Rating Scale (MARS) [2], les indicateurs de routine de vie et de recours aux soins psychiatriques à 1 et 4 mois de la dernière séance de psychoéducation chez les patients utilisant BIPOLIFE® vs. suivi habituel.

Méthodologie

Étude pilote multicentrique randomisée contrôlée à 2 bras (durée : 24 mois) incluant des sujets euthymiques (score de dépression MADRS ≤ 12 et de manie YMRS ≤ 8 depuis 3 mois), bénéficiant d’un programme de psychoéducation. Les patients du groupe « intervention » se connecteront au site BIPOLIFE®, de manière hebdomadaire, pendant un mois (durée de connexion libre). À l’inclusion (dernière séance de psychoéducation), 1 et 4 mois, seront évalués l’attitude vis-à-vis du traitement, la qualité du sommeil, l’indice de masse corporelle, le périmètre ombilical, la consommation de toxiques, le fonctionnement psychosocial et le recours aux soins psychiatriques.

Perspectives

Proposer BIPOLIFE® en add-on de la psychoéducation pour renforcer les compétences acquises lors du programme et le maintien de l’euthymie.
Développement et évaluation d’un programme de psychoéducation destiné aux parents d’enfant autiste
Authors: Derguy C. , M’Bailara K. , Michel G. , Pingault S. , Bouvard M.
Published: November 2013

L’accompagnement des parents d’enfants avec un trouble du spectre autistique (TSA) présente de multiples enjeux tant d’un point de vue clinique [3] que dans une perspective médico-économique [1]. Le nouveau plan Autisme 2013–2017 ainsi que les recommandations de la Haute Autorité de santé de 2012 insistent sur la nécessité de proposer un accompagnement parental multimodal favorisant la transmission d’information et de compétences ainsi qu’un soutien dans l’ajustement psychosocial au trouble. Dans ce contexte, l’Éducation thérapeutique (ETP) dans sa triple composante pédagogique, comportementale et psychologique fournit un modèle particulièrement pertinent. L’objectif de cette étude est de développer, mettre en place et évaluer l’impact et l’acceptabilité d’un programme d’ETP destiné aux parents d’enfant TSA. Afin de suivre la méthodologie de construction de programme d’ETP [2], notre dispositif a été développé à partir d’une étude préliminaire sur les besoins des parents d’enfants TSA [1]. Chaque séance collective accueille 10 parents. Les thématiques permettent d’aborder les différents aspects de la parentalité (compétences, connaissances, soutien émotionnel, etc.) tout en intégrant les spécificités des TSA. L’utilisation de techniques pédagogiques et d’activités structurées favorisent les échanges et la dynamique de groupe. Un service de garde d’enfant est proposé en parallèle afin de faciliter l’accès au programme. Une session pilote a été proposée au sein d’un Centre Ressources Autisme (CRA), avec un taux de participation de 83,3 %. À la fin du programme, les parents présentent une meilleure connaissance du trouble de leur enfant et rapportent un impact positif tant sur leur niveau d’information que sur leurs compétences éducatives et leur détresse émotionnelle. Cette première session fournit des résultats encourageants quant à la validité sociale et les bénéfices attendus de ce type de prise en charge pour l’accompagnement des parents d’enfants TSA.
Profils comportementaux d’enfants surdoués consultant en pédopsychiatrie : importance de la dysharmonie intellectuelle
Authors: Guénolé F. , Louis J. , Baleyte J.-M. , Fourneret P. , Revol O.
Published: November 2013

Il est fréquent que des enfants intellectuellement surdoués soient adressés en consultation de pédopsychiatrie pour des problèmes socio-émotionnels et/ou une inadaptation scolaire paradoxale. Ces enfants sont classiquement décrits comme présentant des problèmes d’ordre anxio-dépressif, et comme étant plutôt de grands surdoués ou intellectuellement dysharmoniques. Nous avons testé ces assertions chez 143 enfants surdoués (QI > 130) vus en consultation, en utilisant le profil intellectuel de Wechsler et l’inventaire de comportements pour enfant d’Achenbach. Ces enfants présentaient des problèmes comportementaux significatifs dans tous les domaines explorés, sans prédominance des problèmes anxio-dépressifs. Les plus surdoués (QI > 145) ne présentaient pas plus de problèmes que les autres. Les enfants au profil intellectuel dysharmonique présentaient plus de problèmes agis en général, et plus d’agressivité en particulier. Ces résultats suggèrent que la dysharmonie du développement intellectuel est facteur à prendre en compte pour comprendre les problèmes émotionnels et comportementaux des enfants surdoués.
Interrelation entre les troubles psychiatriques de l’enfant et la santé mentale de la mère : étude dans une population clinique tunisienne
Authors: Harbaoui A. , Benalaya S. , Homri W. , Bannour A. , Labbene R.
Published: November 2013

Introduction

La question d’une transmission ou d’une influence des troubles mentaux des parents sur la santé mentale de leurs enfants, a pris un essor considérable en raison du développement de la génétique et des notions de vulnérabilité ou d’interactions gène–environnement. Les interactions précoces mère–enfant influencent de façon directe le développement psychoaffectif de l’enfant. Les troubles mentaux de l’enfant sont à leur tour générateur ou parfois révélateur d’une pathologie psychiatrique chez les parents, surtout la mère. Cette « boucle » dans laquelle la santé mentale de l’enfant et de la mère sont en perpétuelle interaction, nécessite une intervention spécialisée aussi bien sur l’un et l’autre mais aussi sur la dyade.

Objectif.–

Le but de ce travail est de faire le lien entre les troubles retrouvés des enfants suivis en pédopsychiatrie et leurs mères qui bénéficient d’une prise en charge en psychiatrie. Décrire le profil des mères dont les enfants sont suivis à la consultation de pédopsychiatrie de l’hôpital Razi et qui sont elles-mêmes suivies pour un trouble psychiatrique. Le recueil de données s’est fait à partir des dossiers médicaux des patientes.

Résultats

Nous avons recueilli dix dossiers de patientes suivies à la consultation de psychiatrie. Sur nos résultats préliminaires, la dépression maternelle est le trouble le plus fréquemment observé. Le travail est en cours de réalisation. Nous prévoyons d’élargir la population d’étude.

Conclusion

La mise en place d’une guidance parentale repose sur le dépistage des troubles psychiatriques chez les parents et surtout la mère. Ce travail est une ébauche d’une perspective de collaboration entre psychiatres et pédopsychiatres.
Nouvel antipsychotique en hôpital psychiatrique : théorie et pratique !
Authors: Egron A. , Genevee T. , Malet D. , Debruyne A.-L. , Queuille E.
Published: November 2013

Le palmitate de palipéridone est un antipsychotique d’action prolongée (AP) indiqué dans le traitement d’entretien de la schizophrénie chez les patients adultes stabilisés par palipéridone ou rispéridone. L’objectif de ce travail est de faire le point sur les modalités de prescription de ce nouvel antipsychotique, et d’en étudier la conformité en regard des recommandations actuelles. De mars à juillet 2013, les prescriptions et dispensations de palmitate de palipéridone ont été recueillies et analysées de manière prospective à partir d’une base de données Excel®. Sur cinq mois, 78 patients ont été comptabilisés sous palmitate de palipéridone et 40 sous rispéridone AP, pour un total de 112 patients (six ayant switché de l’un à l’autre). En 2012, sur cette même période, 68 patients étaient sous rispéridone AP. En phase d’instauration, 63 dispensations de palmitate de palipéridone ont été tracées pour le j1 et 53 pour le j8. Parmi ces prescriptions, on note 7,7 % de non-respect du schéma préconisé. Les « switches » concernent neuf patients (huit de la rispéridone AP et un de l’halopéridol décanoate). Près de la moitié des patients (46 %) ont eu une supplémentation orale par rispéridone au cours du traitement par palmitate de palipéridone. Les effets indésirables entraînant l’arrêt du traitement ont été déclarés pour les quatre patients concernés. D’un point de vue économique, les dépenses ont augmenté de 20,3 %, pour 44 patients supplémentaires. Le palmitate de palipéridone présente un intérêt par rapport à la rispéridone AP, de par sa fréquence d’administration et sa conservation. Ce suivi met en avant l’évidente nécessité de tenir compte de la variabilité interindividuelle en dépit des schémas stricts préconisés. Une étude prolongée est nécessaire pour visualiser l’impact économique dû à ce nouvel antipsychotique au niveau de l’établissement.
Laparoscopic training in colorectal surgery: can we do it safely?
Authors: Campos Lobato Luiz Felipe de , Ferreira Patrícia Cristina Alves , Oliveira Paulo Gonçalves de , Durães Leonardo de Castro , Almeida Romulo Medeiros de , Santos Antônio Carlos Nóbrega dos , Sousa João Batista de
Published: November 2013

Objective Laparoscopic approach should be offered for most patients requiring colectomy, as it is a safe procedure, associated with shorter hospitalization, better cosmetic results, and does not affect negatively the oncological outcomes of patients with colon cancer. However, there is no consistent data on the safety of laparoscopic surgery training during residency. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess whether or not the resident par- ticipation in laparoscopic colectomy affected the postoperative outcomes.

Methods The database of the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Im- provement Program (ACS-NSQIP) was searched for patients undergoing laparoscopic col- ectomies between 2005 and 2007. We excluded patients with no data regarding whether or not there was a resident participation in the operation. The study population was divided into 2 groups (resident and nonresident), according to residents participation in the surgi- cal procedure. Perioperative variables and postoperative complications were compared be- tween groups. A multivariate analysis was performed to evaluate the association between postoperative complications and resident participation in the operation.

Results The search yielded 5,912 patients with a median age of 63 years. Of these, 3,112 (53%) were female and 3.887 (66%) had a resident involved in their operation. The resident group had a significantly longer mean operative time (163 ± 64 min vs 138 ± 58 min, p < 0.0001). Other variables did not differ significantly between groups. Moreover, multivari- ate analysis showed no association between resident participation and the occurrence of postoperative complications.

Conclusion Laparoscopic training during residency may be safely performed without threatening the patient's integrity.
Rectal prolapse repair via vaginal route
Authors: Morsch Héber de Oliveira , Goemann Iuri Martin
Published: November 2013

Many elderly patients have concomitant anorectal, urological and gynecological symptoms involving multiple perineal structures, which require the surgeon to operate in different areas of his specialty in order to correct different dystopias in a single procedure. We de- scribe a technique for total rectal prolapse correction offering low surgical risk for patients presenting with this pathology along with pelvic floor defects. We used a simple, minimally invasive technique, which showed complete success in the postoperative follow-up. The patients showed no peri- and post-operative complications and were discharged briefly after the procedure. Although it was a small sample, there was no case of rectal prolapse recurrence with the technique described. With the procedure described here, the treatment of rectal prolapse is possible with concomitant pelvic reconstruction in a single procedure, which is an interesting approach for elderly patients commonly affected by both diseases, as these patients often have other comorbidities that increase the perioperative risk.
Experimental model of anal fistula in rats
Authors: Arakaki Mariana Sousa , Santos Carlos Henrique Marques dos , Falcão Gustavo Ribeiro , Cassino Pedro Carvalho , Nakamura Ricardo Kenithi , Gomes Nathália Favero , Santos Ricardo Gasparin Coutinho dos
Published: November 2013

Introduction the management of anal fistula remains debatable. The lack of a standard treatment free of complications stimulates the development of new options.

Objective to develop an experimental model of anal fistula in rats.

Methods to surgically create an anal fistula in 10 rats with Seton introduced through the anal sphincter musculature.The animals were euthanized for histological fistula tract assessment.

Results all ten specimens histologically assessed had a lumen and surrounding granulation tissue. There was complete epithelialization of the tract in two samples, halfway epithelialization in one sample and epithelialization of only the outer portion in six samples. Epithelialization was not evident in one tract.

Conclusion anal fistulas in rats were histologically proved.
Perception of sexual activities and the care process in ostomized women
Authors: Kimura Cristilene Akiko , Kamada Ivone , Guilhem Dirce , Fortes Renata Costa
Published: November 2013

Introduction the making of a stoma may result in adverse effects on the social and psychological dimensions, affecting relationships with family and friends, at work and in sexual activity.

Objective to analyze the perceptions of ostomized women regarding sexual activity as an important dimension of quality of life and in the care process.

Methods cross-sectional, descriptive epidemiological study. A sample of 40 patients enrolled in the Ostomized Patient Program of Health Secretariat of the Federal District – Brazil was assessed through a demographic and clinical questionnaire and personal interviews. Data were analyzed using the software programs Microsoft® Office Excel 2010 and SPSS (Statistical Package of the Social Sciences, SPSS Inc, Chicago, USA) for Windows 20.0. Statistical significance was set at 5%.

Results ostomized women face several adaptation and rehabilitation problems that interfere with social relationships and, consequently, with body image and self-esteem, which reflects on the sexual activity.

Conclusion the results show the need for health professionals involved with these patients to have a wider view on the making of the stoma, their sequelae and rehabilitation, to ensure the process of care that will improve the quality of life of ostomized women.
APC protein immunoexpression in colorectal adenoma and adenocarcinoma
Authors: Bourroul Vivian Sati Oba , Bourroul Guilherme Muniz , Toloi Giovanna Canato , Palma Rogério Tadeu , Oshima Celina Tizuko Fujiyama , Gomes Thiago Simão , Ihara Sílvia Saiuli Miki , Waisberg Jaques
Published: November 2013

Background activation of the Wnt pathway by mutated APC gene is considered the initial event in colorectal carcinogenesis. The identification of these mutations can improve the specific treatment of the adenocarcinoma.

Objective detect and evaluate wild-type APC protein in tissue from colorectal adenoma, adenocarcinoma and adjacent mucosa.

Methods 42 patients that underwent surgery for adenocarcinoma and 53 patients with resected adenomas were studied. Tissue samples from the adenocarcinoma were obtained from the tumor and from adjacent non-neoplastic mucosa located 10 cm from the proximal margin of the tumor. Adenoma tissue was obtained from representative areas. Blocks of tissue microarray (TMA) were submitted to immunohistochemistry with anti-APC, with readings of positivity and intensity of immunostaining and the score of immune expression of APC protein was obtained.

Results the APC protein immune expression score showed a significantly lower expression of APC protein in the adenoma when compared with the adenocarcinoma (p < 0.0001) and adjacent mucosa (p < 0.0001). The APC protein immune expression score in the colorectal mucosa and adjacent to the adenocarcinoma showed no significant difference (p = 0.24).

Conclusions the finding of decreased expression of APC protein in adenoma tissue may indicate that the mutated APC gene may contribute to the changes in the adenoma-carcinoma process of carcinogenesis sequence. The strong expression of protein APC in tissues from the carcinoma and adjacent mucosa suggests that in most patients in this series, the mutation of the APC gene did not participate in the oncogenesis mechanism.
Ex vivo sentinel lymph node investigation in colorectal cancer
Authors: Freitas Antônio Hilário Alves , Wainstein Alberto Julius Alves , Nunes Tarcizo Afonso
Published: November 2013

Introduction In Brazil, about 26,000 cases of colorectal cancer are diagnosed per year. Pa- tients considered at the early stage of disease (without lymph node) evolve with tumor relapse or recurrence in up to a quarter of cases, probably due to understaging.

Objective Research on ex vivo sentinel lymph node in patients with colorectal adenocarcinoma.

Materials and methods We studied 37 patients who underwent curative surgical resection. The marker used to identify lymph nodes was patent blue dye injected into the peritu- moral submucosa of the open surgical specimen immediately after its removal from the abdominal cavity.

Results  Ex vivo identification of sentinel lymph node with marker occurred in 13 (35.1%) patients. The sensitivity was 40% and 60% false negative. The detailed histological examina- tion of sentinel lymph nodes with multilevel section and immunohistochemistry showed metastasis in one (4.3%) individual, considered ultra-staging.

Conclusion The ex vivo identification of sentinel lymph node had questionable benefits, and worse results when include patients with rectal cancer. Restaging of one patient was possible after multilevel section and immunohistochemistry of the sentinel lymph node, but more research is needed to evaluate the role of micrometastases in patients with colorectal cancer.
The contribution of biotechnology to improving post-harvest chilling tolerance in fruits and vegetables using heat-shock proteins
Authors: AGHDAM M. S. , SEVILLANO L. , FLORES F. B. , BODBODAK S.
Published: November 2013

Fresh fruits and vegetables have a short post-harvest life and are prone to post-harvest losses due to mechanical injury, physiological causes and decay. Low-temperature storage is widely used as post-harvest treatment applied for delaying senescence in vegetables and ornamentals and ripening in fruits, upholding their post-harvest quality. But the refrigerated storage of tropical and subtropical crop plant species provokes a set of physiological alterations known as chilling injury that negatively affect their quality and frequently renders the product not saleable. Membrane damage and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation are the main adverse effects of chilling injury impact in sensitive horticultural products. The chilling injury tolerance of certain plant species is attributed to their ability to accumulate heat-shock proteins (HSP). The beneficial action of HSP in chilling tolerance is due to their chaperone activity but, besides this biological function, small HSP (sHSP) are able to function as membrane stabilizers and ROS scavengers, or synergistically with cell antioxidant systems. Also, biosynthesis of osmolytes such as raffinose and proline is under the regulation of heat-shock transcription factors (HSTF). These molecules are critical for osmotic adjustment since low temperatures also provoke a secondary osmotic stress. The use of biotechnological strategies can be envisaged, with the aim of generating engineered crop plants of horticultural interest to induce the production and action of HSP and HSTF, in order to assure the beneficial effects of these proteins in promoting chilling injury tolerance during their post-harvest refrigerated storage. In particular, induction of HSTF expression using biotechnology has significant potential and interest for reducing the impact of chilling injury on sensitive produce, avoiding the practical difficulties of applying the classic post-harvest technologies based on heat treatment.
On the Trail and Trial of a Palestinian Diaspora: Mapping South America in the Arab–Israeli Conflict, 1967–1972
Authors: KARAM JOHN TOFIK
Published: November 2013

Centred around a May 1970 shooting at the Israeli embassy in Asunción, this article traces a chain of actions and reactions that began with Israel's victory in the Six-Day War in June 1967 and ended after the June 1972 verdict of a Paraguayan court regarding two Palestinians. Situated among Israeli officials, Palestinian refugees and Syrian-Lebanese elites, authoritarian Paraguay was not only encompassed by but also accommodated the post-1967 Arab–Israeli conflict, revealing the connection between the ‘areas’ of South America and the Middle East through ideas about relocating Palestinians as well as their actual displacement.
Early development of Betta splendens under stereomicroscopy and scanning electron microscopy
Authors: Valentin Fernanda Nogueira , do Nascimento Nivaldo Ferreira , da Silva Regiane Cristina , Fernandes João Batista Kochenborger , Giannecchini Luiz Gustavo , Nakaghi Laura Satiko Okada
Published: November 2013

Betta splendens is a very important ornamental species. The current paper describes the embryonic and larval development of B. splendens under stereomicroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Eggs and larvae from natural spawning were collected at different developmental stages at previously established intervals and analysed. The eggs of B. splendens are yellowish, clear, spherical, demersal, translucent and telolecithal with a large amount of yolk. Between 0–2 h post-initial collection (hpIC), the eggs were at the egg cell, first cleavage and morula stages. The blastula stage was identified at 2–3 hpIC and the early gastrula phase was observed at 3–4 hpIC with 20% epiboly, which was finalized after 13–18 hpIC. When the pre-larvae were ready to hatch, the appearance of somites and the free tail were observed, at 23–25 hpIC. At 29 hpIC, the majority of larvae had already hatched at an average temperature of 28.4 ± 0.2°C. The newly hatched larvae measured 2.47 ± 0.044 mm total length. The mouth opened at 23 h post-hatching (hPH) and the yolk sac was totally absorbed at 73 hPH. After 156 hPH, the heart was pumping blood throughout the entire larval body. The caudal fin, operculum and eyes were well developed at 264 hPH. When metamorphosis was complete at 768 hPH, the larvae became juveniles. The current study presents the first results about early development of B. splendens and provides relevant information for its reproduction, rearing and biology.
Coincident Electron Channeling and Cathodoluminescence Studies of Threading Dislocations in GaN
Authors: Naresh-Kumar Gunasekar , Bruckbauer Jochen , Edwards Paul R. , Kraeusel Simon , Hourahine Ben , Martin Robert W. , Kappers Menno J. , Moram Michelle A. , Lovelock Stephen , Oliver Rachel A. , Humphreys Colin J. , Trager-Cowan Carol
Published: November 2013

We combine two scanning electron microscopy techniques to investigate the influence of dislocations on the light emission from nitride semiconductors. Combining electron channeling contrast imaging and cathodoluminescence imaging enables both the structural and luminescence properties of a sample to be investigated without structural damage to the sample. The electron channeling contrast image is very sensitive to distortions of the crystal lattice, resulting in individual threading dislocations appearing as spots with black–white contrast. Dislocations giving rise to nonradiative recombination are observed as black spots in the cathodoluminescence image. Comparison of the images from exactly the same micron-scale region of a sample demonstrates a one-to-one correlation between the presence of single threading dislocations and resolved dark spots in the cathodoluminescence image. In addition, we have also obtained an atomic force microscopy image from the same region of the sample, which confirms that both pure edge dislocations and those with a screw component (i.e., screw and mixed dislocations) act as nonradiative recombination centers for the Si-dopedc-plane GaN thin film investigated.