bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
How to make continuum solvation incredibly fast in a few simple steps: A practical guide to the domain decomposition paradigm for the conductor‐like screening model
Authors: Stamm Benjamin , Lagardère Louis , Scalmani Giovanni , Gatto Paolo , Cancès Eric , Piquemal Jean‐Philip , Maday Yvon , Mennucci Benedetta , Lipparini Filippo
Published: September 2018

We illustrate the domain decomposition Conductor‐like Screening Model (ddCOSMO) implementation and how to couple it with an existing classical or quantum mechanical (QM) code. We review in detail what input needs to be provided to ddCOSMO and how to assemble it, describe how the ddCOSMO equations are solved and how to process the results to assemble the required quantities, such as Fock matrix contributions for the QM case, or forces for the classical one. Throughout the article, we will make explicit references to the ddCOSMO module, which is an open source, Fortran 90 implementation of ddCOSMO that can be downloaded and distributed under the LGPL license.
Discovering Disciplinary Linguistic Knowledge With English Learners and Their Teachers: Applying Systemic Functional Linguistics Concepts Through Design‐Based Research
Authors: Moore Jason , Schleppegrell Mary , Palincsar Annemarie Sullivan
Published: September 2018

A focus on how language varies in its forms and meanings can help English learners (ELs) in K–12 classrooms engage in disciplinary discourses that enable them to learn both language and content. Systemic functional linguistics (SFL) offers promising ways of talking about language in support of disciplinary learning.SFL's meaning‐based metalanguage offers analytical tools for making sense of text, but its description of complex systems in language is not readily accessible to teachers and students. This article offers a case study of how a design‐based research (DBR) process yielded findings, materials, and instructional theory over a 3‐year project to developSFL‐based approaches to engagingELs in talk about language. In this study, conducted in an urban school district in the midwestern United States, the authors worked collaboratively with teachers and literacy coaches at six schools with high proportions ofELs, supporting them in usingSFLmetalanguage to talk about language and meaning as they engaged in grade‐appropriate literacy activities: reading and responding to texts and writing subject‐specific arguments. This article shares both what the authors learned about the implementation ofSFLpedagogies and the affordances ofDBRmethodology for learning to apply a complex theory to supportELs.
Functionalization of [60]fullerene through fullerene cation intermediates
Authors: Lin Hao-Sheng , Matsuo Yutaka
Published: September 2018

Fullerene cations, namely [60]fullerene radical cation (C60˙+) and organo[60]fullerenyl cation (RC60+), open paths for the efficient derivatization of a great variety of fullerenes.
Two-step fabrication of large-scale MoS2 hollow flakes
Authors: Chen Fei , Wang Ting , Wang Lei , Su Weitao
Published: September 2018

Large-scale 2D MoS2 hollow flakes can be realized by the combination of CVD growth using MoO3 and S powders as precursors and annealing under a S atmosphere at a high temperature of 860 °C.
Improved charge carrier dynamics in polymer/perovskite nanocrystal based hybrid ternary solar cells
Authors: Soltani Rezvan , Puscher Bianka M. D. , Katbab Ali Asghar , Levchuk Ievgen , Kazerouni Negar , Gasparini Nicola , Camaioni Nadia , Osvet Andres , Batentschuk Miroslaw , Fink Rainer H. , Guldi Dirk M. , Ameri Tayebeh
Published: September 2018

Charge carrier dynamics of novel bulk heterojunction hybrid solar cells based on DPP:PC61BM:FAPbI3perovskite NCs is thoroughly studied.
Tuning spontaneous polarization and optical absorption by intercalating Sr–Cl-layers in organic–inorganic halide perovskite CH3NH3PbI3 thin films
Authors: Yang Xiao-dong , Lu Cheng , Wang Xin-xin , Wang Bao-lin , Ge Gui-xian , Wang Guang-hou , Wan Jian-guo
Published: September 2018

Spontaneous polarization and optical absorption of 2D CH3NH3PbI3 thin films are significantly enhanced with the insertion of Sr–Cl-layers.
Proper multi‐layer coding in fading dirty‐paper channel
Authors: Ali Khodam Hoseini Sayed , Akhlaghi Soroush
Published: September 2018

This study investigates multi‐layer coding over a dirty‐paper channel. First, it is demonstrated that superposition coding in such channel still achieves the capacity of interference‐free additive white Gaussian noise channel when the transmitter is non‐causally aware of interference signal. Then, the problem is extended to the dirty‐paper block fading channel, where it is shown that in the lack of channel information at the transmitter, the so‐called broadcast approach maximises the average achievable rate of such channel.
Modified voltage‐mode controller for the quadratic boost converter with improved output performance
Authors: Jiang Wentao , Chincholkar Satyajit Hemant , Chan Chok‐You
Published: September 2018

The control of the quadratic boost converter with unknown load resistance and where only the output voltage is used for feedback purposes is addressed. In the existing voltage‐mode controlled converter system, there exists a performance ‘trade‐off’ between the transient responses after the onset of a reference input and a load disturbance due to the usage of the traditional proportional–integral control scheme. To overcome these problems, a modified voltage‐mode controller is proposed. The proposed controller uses a normalised integral action in which the derivative of the integrand is bounded by a user‐defined constant. The approximate stability analysis of the resultant voltage‐mode controlled quadratic boost converter system is carried out to gain some insight into its closed‐loop behaviour. Some simulation and experimental results comparing the performance of the proposed controller with that of the existing controller are also provided to show the improvements obtained using the proposed controller.
Fuzzy generalised predictive control for a fractional‐order nonlinear hydro‐turbine regulating system
Authors: Shi Ke , Wang Bin , Chen Haoyong
Published: September 2018

This study focuses on a fuzzy generalised predictive control method for a fractional‐order hydro‐turbine regulating system (HTRS). Based on the Grünwald–Letnikov (G–L) definition of fractional calculus and discretisation, the fractional‐order hydraulic servo system is transformed into the standard controlled autoregressive integrating moving average (CARMA) model. With the help of fuzzy linearisation theory, the fuzzy predictive model of the integer‐order part of the HTRS is presented. Furthermore, by using the fourth‐order Runge–Kutta algorithm, the obtained fuzzy predictive model can be easily transformed into the CARMA model. Then, based on the overall CARMA model and the generalised predictive control theory, a novel nonlinear fuzzy generalised predictive controller is designed for the fractional‐order HTRS. Finally, numerical simulations are implemented to verify the validity and superiority of the proposed method. It also provides a reference for relevant hydropower systems.
Algebraic observer‐based output‐feedback controller design for a PEM fuel cell air‐supply subsystem
Authors: Zakaria Baroud , Noureddine Gazzam , Atallah Benalia , Carlos Ocampo‐Martinez
Published: September 2018

In this study, an algebraic‐observer‐based output‐feedback controller is proposed for a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) air‐supply subsystem, based on both algebraic differentiation and sliding‐mode control approaches. The goal of the design is to regulate the oxygen excess ratio (OER) towards its optimal set point value in the PEMFC air‐supply subsystem. Hence, an algebraic estimation approach is used to reconstruct the OER based on a robust differentiation method. The proposed observer is known for its finite‐time convergence and low computational time compared to other observers presented in the literature. Then, a twisting controller is designed to control the OER by manipulating the compressor motor voltage. The parameters of the twisting controller have been calculated by means of an off‐line tuning procedure. The performance of the proposed algebraic‐observer‐based output‐feedback controller is analysed through simulations for different stack‐current changes, for parameter uncertainties, and for noise rejection. Results show that the proposed approach properly estimates and regulates the OER in finite‐time.
Advanced control strategy for an energy storage system in a grid‐connected microgrid with renewable energy generation
Authors: Teo Tiong Teck , Logenthiran Thillainathan , Woo Wai Lok , Abidi Khalid
Published: September 2018

The operating cost of the consumer can be reduced in an electricity market‐based environment by shifting consumption to a lower price period. This study presents the design of an advanced control strategy to be embedded in a grid‐connected microgrid with renewable and energy storage capability. The objectives of the control strategy are to control the charging and discharging rates of the energy storage system to reduce the end‐user operating cost through arbitrage operation of the energy storage system and to reduce the power exchange between the main and microgrid. Instead of using a forecasting‐based approach, the proposed methodology takes the difference between the available renewable generation and load, state‐of‐charge of energy storage system and electricity market price to determine the charging and discharging rates of the energy storage system in a rolling horizon. The proposed control strategy is compared with a self‐adaptive energy storage system controller and mixed‐integer linear programming with the same objectives. Empirical evidence shows that the proposed controller can achieve a lower operating cost and reduce the power exchange between the main and microgrid.
Clonotypic Heterogeneity In Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma Revealed By Comprehensive Whole Exome/Transcriptome Sequencing
Authors: Iyer Aishwarya , Patterson Jordan , Salopek Thomas , Wong Gane Ka-Shu , Gniadecki Robert
Published: September 2018

Mycosis fungoides (MF), the most common type of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, is believed to represent a clonal expansion of a transformed skin resident memory T-cell. T-cell receptor (TCR) clonality (i.e. identical sequences of rearranged TCRα, β and γ), the key premise of this hypothesis, has been difficult to document conclusively because malignant cells are not readily distinguishable from the tumor infiltrating, reactive lymphocytes, which contribute to the TCR clonotypic repertoire of MF. Here we have successfully adopted the technique of targeted whole exome and whole transcriptome sequencing (WES/WTS) to identify the repertoire of rearranged TCR genes in tumor enriched samples from patients with MF. Although most of the investigated biopsies of MF had the expected monoclonal rearrangements of TCRγ of the frequency corresponding to the frequency of tumor cells, in half of the samples we detected multiple (up to seven) TCRα and -β clonotypes by WES and WTS. Our findings are compatible with the model in which the initial malignant transformation in MF does not occur in mature, memory T-cells but rather at the level of T-lymphocyte progenitor after TCRγ rearrangement but before TCRβ or TCRα rearrangements. The WES/WTS method is potentially applicable to other types of T-cell lymphomas and enables comprehensive characterization of the TCR repertoire and mutational landscape in these malignancies.
TANGO1 and SEC12 are co-packaged with procollagen I to facilitate the generation of large COPII carriers
Authors: Yuan Lin , Kenny Samuel J , Hemmati Juliet , Xu Ke , Schekman Randy
Published: September 2018

Large COPII-coated vesicles serve to convey the large cargo procollagen I (PC1) from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The link between large cargo in the lumen of the ER and modulation of the COPII machinery remains unresolved. TANGO1 is required for procollagen (PC) secretion and interacts with PC and COPII on opposite sides of the ER membrane, but evidence suggests that TANGO1 is retained in the ER, and not included in normal size (<100nm) COPII vesicles. Here we show that TANGO1 is exported out of the ER in large COPII-coated PC1 carriers, and retrieved back to the ER by the retrograde coat, COPI, mediated by the C-terminal RDEL retrieval sequence of HSP47. TANGO1 is known to target the COPII initiation factor SEC12 to ER exit sites through an interacting protein, cTAGE5. SEC12 is important for the growth of COPII vesicles, but it is not sorted into small budded vesicles. We found both cTAGE5 and SEC12 were exported with TANGO1 in large COPII carriers. In contrast to its exclusion from small transport vesicles, SEC12 was particularly enriched around ER membranes and large COPII carriers that contained PC1. We constructed a split GFP system to recapitulate the targeting of SEC12 to PC1 via the luminal domain of TANGO1. The minimal targeting system enriched SEC12 around PC1 and generated large PC1 carriers. We conclude that TANGO1, cTAGE5, and SEC12 are co-packed with PC1 into COPII carriers to increase the size of COPII thus ensuring the capture of large cargo.
Population genomic structure and genome-wide linkage disequilibrium in farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salarL.) using dense SNP genotypes
Authors: Barria Agustin , López Maria E. , Yoshida Grazyella , Carvalheiro Roberto , Yáñez José M.
Published: September 2018

Chilean Farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) populations were established with individuals of both European and North American origins. These populations are expected to be highly genetically differentiated due to evolutionary history and poor gene flow between ancestral populations from different continents. The extent and decay of linkage disequilibrium (LD) among single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) impacts the implementation of genome-wide association studies and genomic selection and provides relevant information about demographic processes of fish populations. We assessed the population structure and characterized the extent and decay of LD in three Chilean commercial populations of Atlantic salmon with North American (NAM), Scottish (SCO) and Norwegian (NOR) origin. A total of 151 animals were genotyped using a 159K SNP Axiom® myDesign™ Genotyping Array. A total of 40K, 113K and 136 K SNP markers were used for NAM, SCO and NOR populations, respectively. The principal component analysis explained 86.7% of the genetic diversity between populations, clearly discriminating between populations of North American and European origin, and also between European populations. Admixture analysis showed that the Scottish and North American populations likely come from one ancestral population, while the Norwegian population probably originated from more than one. NAM had the lowest effective size, followed by SCO and NOR. Large differences in the LD decay were observed between populations of North American and European origin. A r2threshold of 0.2 was estimated for marker pairs separated by 8,000 Kb, 42 and 64 Kb in the NAM, NOR and SCO populations, respectively. In this study we show that this SNP panel can be used to detect association between markers and traits of interests and also to capture high-resolution information for genome-enabled predictions. Also, we suggest the feasibility to achieve higher prediction accuracies by using a small SNP data set as was used with the NAM population.
CYP3A4‐mediated effects of rifampicin on the pharmacokinetics of vilaprisan and its UGT1A1‐mediated effects on bilirubin glucuronidation in humans
Authors: Chattopadhyay Niladri , Kanacher Tobias , Casjens Manuela , Frechen Sebastian , Ligges Sandra , Zimmermann Torsten , Rottmann Antje , Ploeger Bart , Höchel Joachim , Schultze‐Mosgau Marcus‐Hillert
Published: September 2018

Aims

The primary aim of the present study was to quantify the effects of rifampicin, a strong cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4 inducer, on the pharmacokinetics of the new selective progesterone receptor modulator, vilaprisan. In addition, the effects of rifampicin on the glucuronidation of bilirubin, an endogenous UDP‐glucuronosyltransferase family 1 member A1 (UGT1A1) substrate, were explored.

Methods

This was an open‐label, two‐period study in 12 healthy postmenopausal women. Subjects received a single oral dose of vilaprisan 4 mg in each period. In period 2, administration of vilaprisan was preceded and followed by rifampicin 600 mg day–1. A subtherapeutic dose of midazolam (1 mg) was coadministered with vilaprisan to monitor CYP3A4 induction. Details of the administration and sampling schedule were optimized by means of a physiologically based pharmacokinetic model. Plasma concentrations of vilaprisan, midazolam, and 1′‐ hydroxy‐midazolam were measured and rifampicin‐associated changes in the glucuronidation of bilirubin were determined.

Results

As predicted by our model, the coadministration of rifampicin was associated with a substantial decrease in exposure to vilaprisan and midazolam – indicated by the following point estimates (90% confidence intervals) for the area under the plasma concentration–time curve from zero to the time of the last quantifiable concentration ratio with or without rifampicin: 0.040 (0.0325, 0.0505) for vilaprisan and 0.144 (0.117, 0.178) for midazolam. Further, it was associated with an increase in bilirubin glucuronidation, indicating that UGT1A1 was induced.

Conclusions

The exposure to vilaprisan was reduced by 96%. Such a reduction is likely to render the drug therapeutically ineffective. Therefore, it is recommended that the use of strong CYP3A4 inducers is avoided when taking vilaprisan.
Effect of multiple‐dose osimertinib on the pharmacokinetics of simvastatin and rosuvastatin
Authors: Harvey R. Donald , Aransay Noemi Reguart , Isambert Nicolas , Lee Jong‐Seok , Arkenau Tobias , Vansteenkiste Johan , Dickinson Paul A. , Bui Khanh , Weilert Doris , So Karen , Thomas Karen , Vishwanathan Karthick
Published: September 2018

Aim

We report on two Phase 1, open‐label, single‐arm studies assessing the effect of osimertinib on simvastatin (CYP3A substrate) and rosuvastatin (breast cancer resistance protein substrate [BCRP] substrate) exposure in patients with advanced epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)‐mutated non‐small cell lung cancer who have progressed after treatment with an EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor, to determine, upon coadministration, whether osimertinib could affect the exposure of these agents.

Methods

Fifty‐two patients in the CYP3A study (pharmacokinetic [PK] analysis, n = 49), and 44 patients in the BCRP study were dosed (PK analysis, n = 44). In the CYP3A study, patients received single doses of simvastatin 40 mg on Days 1 and 31, and osimertinib 80 mg once daily on Days 3–32. In the BCRP study, single doses of rosuvastatin 20 mg were given on Days 1 and 32, and osimertinib 80 mg once daily on Days 4–34.

Results

Geometric least squares mean (GLSM) ratios (90% confidence intervals) of simvastatin plus osimertinib for area under the plasma concentration–time curves from zero to infinity (AUC) were 91% (77–108): entirely contained within the predefined no relevant effect limits, and Cmax of 77% (63, 94) which was not contained within the limits. GLSM ratios of rosuvastatin plus osimertinib for AUC were 135% (115–157) and Cmax were 172 (146, 203): outside the no relevant effect limits.

Conclusions

Osimertinib is unlikely to have any clinically relevant interaction with CYP3A substrates and has a weak inhibitory effect on BCRP. No new safety concerns were identified in either study.
Porcine cytochrome 2A19 and 2E1
Authors: Burkina Viktoriia , Rasmussen Martin Krøyer , Oliinychenko Yelyzaveta , Zamaratskaia Galia
Published: September 2018

Cytochrome P450 (CYP) is a major group of enzymes, which conduct Phase I metabolism. Among commonly used animal models, the pig has been suggested as the most suitable model for investigating drug metabolism in human beings. Moreover, porcine CYP2A19 and CYP2E1 are responsible for the biotransformation of both endogenous and exogenous compounds such as 3‐methylindole (skatole), sex hormones and food compounds. However, little is known about the regulation of porcine CYP2A19 and CYP2E1. In this MiniReview, we summarise the current knowledge about the regulation of porcine CYP2A19 and CYP2E1 by environmental, biological and dietary factors. Finally, we reflect on the need for further research, to clarify the interaction between active feed components and the porcine CYP system.
A Survey on Data‐Driven 3D Shape Descriptors
Authors: Rostami R. , Bashiri F. S. , Rostami B. , Yu Z.
Published: September 2018

Recent advances in scanning device technologies and improvements in techniques that generate and synthesize 3D shapes have made 3D models widespread in various fields including medical research, biology, engineering, etc. 3D shape descriptors play a fundamental role in many 3D shape analysis tasks such as point matching, establishing point‐to‐point correspondence, shape segmentation and labelling, and shape retrieval to name a few. Various methods have been proposed to calculate succinct and informative descriptors for 3D models. Emerging data‐driven techniques use machine learning algorithms to construct accurate and reliable shape descriptors. This survey provides a thorough review of the data‐driven 3D shape descriptors from the machine learning point of view and compares them in different criteria. Also, a comprehensive taxonomy of the existing descriptors is proposed based on the exploited machine learning algorithms. Advantages and disadvantages of each category have been discussed in detail. Besides, two alternative categorizations from the data type and the application perspectives are presented. Finally, some directions for possible future research are also suggested.
Psychometric properties of a questionnaire (HEMO‐FISS‐QoL) to evaluate the burden associated with haemorrhoidal disease and anal fissures
Authors: Abramowitz L. , Bouchard D. , Siproudhis L. , Trompette M. , Pillant H. , Bord C. , Senejoux C. A. , Favreau‐Weltzer C. , Berdeaux G. , Zkik A.
Published: September 2018

Aim

Current questionnaires designed to evaluate the burden of haemorrhoidal disease ignore symptoms such as bleeding, pain and itching. A specific questionnaire is needed to evaluate the global impact of anal disorders on patients’ daily lives.

Method

We developed a questionnaire (HEMO‐FISS‐QoL) to assess the symptom burden of anal disorders and administered it to 256 patients (mean age 46.2 years; men 60.4%) with haemorrhoidal disease (67.2%), anal fissure (29.3%) or both (3.5%). Psychometric properties were evaluated by testing the acceptability, construct validity and reliability of the questionnaire. Principal components and multi‐trait analyses were used to identify dimensions and to assess construct validity. Backward Cronbach alpha curves and a graded response model were used to reduce the number of items and modalities. External validity was evaluated against SF‐12 and the Psychological Global Well‐Being Index (PGWBI) using Spearman's correlation coefficient.

Results

Principal component analysis defined four dimensions: physical disorders, psychology, defaecation and sexuality. The number of questions was reduced from 38 to 23. The HEMO‐FISS‐QoL scores correlated well with those of the SF‐12 and PGWBI (P < 0.001). Cronbach's coefficients (all > 0.7) reflected good internal reliability of the different dimensions. The total score increased with the severity of the anal disorders and with their consequences (days off work and personal spending related to the disease).

Conclusion

The HEMO‐FISS‐QoL questionnaire reliably evaluates the global impact of haemorrhoids and anal fissures on patients’ daily lives. This simple tool may prove useful for treatment evaluation in clinical trials and daily practice.
Impact of endoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle biopsy on the diagnosis of subepithelial tumors: A propensity score‐matching analysis
Authors: Inoue Tadahisa , Okumura Fumihiro , Sano Hitoshi , Mizushima Takashi , Tsukamoto Hironobu , Fujita Yasuaki , Ibusuki Mayu , Kitano Rena , Kobayashi Yuji , Ishii Norimitsu , Ito Kiyoaki , Yoneda Masashi
Published: September 2018

Background and Aim

Immunohistological evaluations are essential for diagnosing subepithelial tumors (SET). However, endoscopic ultrasound‐guided sampling using fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) needles is limited in its ability to procure core tissue for immunostaining. Fine‐needle biopsy (FNB) needles may mitigate this limitation. The present study aimed to examine the efficacy of FNB needles for procuring samples that enable the diagnosis of SET.

Methods

One hundred sixty patients were included in the study and separated into those whose samples were obtained using FNB needles (FNB group) and those whose samples were procured using FNA needles (FNA group). Groups were compared regarding the conclusive diagnosis rate and unwarranted resection rate. Propensity score matching was introduced to reduce selection bias.

Results

Rates at which conclusive diagnoses were reached through adequate immunohistological evaluations were 82% and 60% in the FNB and FNA groups, respectively; this difference was significant (P = 0.013). Unwarranted resection rate was significantly lower in the FNB group (2%) than in the FNA group (14%; P = 0.032). Multivariate analyses showed that lesions ≤20 mm were a significant risk factor for lower conclusive diagnosis rates following the use of FNB needles (P = 0.017).

Conclusions

Fine‐needle biopsy needles can be useful for obtaining samples that facilitate the diagnosis of SET and for avoiding unwarranted resections. However, FNB needles may be less advantageous for small SET.
Risk of systemic adverse events after botulinum neurotoxin A treatment in cerebral palsy
Authors: Papavasiliou Antigone S
Published: September 2018

This commentary is on the original article by Paget et al. on pages 1172–1177 of this issue.
Real‐world efficacy and safety of sofosbuvir + ribavirin for hepatitis C genotype 2: A nationwide multicenter study by the Japanese Red Cross Liver Study Group
Authors: Akahane Takehiro , Kurosaki Masayuki , Itakura Jun , Tsuji Keiji , Joko Kouji , Kimura Hiroyuki , Nasu Akihiro , Ogawa Chikara , Kojima Yuji , Hasebe Chitomi , Wada Shuichi , Uchida Yasushi , Sohda Tetsuro , Suzuki Hideyuki , Yoshida Hideo , Kusakabe Atsunori , Tamada Takashi , Kobashi Haruhiko , Mitsuda Akeri , Kondo Masahiko , Shigeno Masaya , Ide Yasushi , Morita Atsuhiro , Kitamura Tadashi , Abe Takehiko , Izumi Namiki
Published: September 2018

Aim

This study aimed to describe the real‐world efficacy and safety of sofosbuvir (SOF) + ribavirin (RBV) for chronic hepatitis C, genotype 2.

Methods

This was a retrospective analysis of a nationwide, multicenter registry including 914 hepatitis C genotype 2 Japanese patients treated with SOF + RBV for 12 weeks. The rate of sustained virologic response at 12 weeks after treatment (SVR12), incidence of adverse events, and changes in serological parameters were analyzed.

Results

Treatment was completed in 98.9% of patients. Ribavirin dose reduction was required in 29.7% of patients. The SVR12 rate was 96.8% in the intention‐to‐treat population and 97.6% in the per‐protocol population. Factors associated with SVR12 were absence of advanced fibrosis (odds ratio, 5.76, P = 0.003) and interferon‐treatment‐naïve status (odds ratio, 4.79, P = 0.017). Dose reduction or total adherence of RBV was not associated with SVR. The resistance‐associated substitution S282 T in NS5B was not detected in any patient at virologic failure. Serum albumin levels significantly increased, and the degree of increase was greater in patients with advanced fibrosis than in those without (0.21 ± 0.32 vs. 0.05 ± 0.29, P < 0.0001). Alpha‐fetoprotein decreased significantly at end of treatment (P < 0.0001), and the degree of decrease was greater in patients with advanced fibrosis than in those without (21.7 ± 60.8 vs. 2.5 ± 15.5, P < 0.001). The most commonly reported adverse event was anemia (13.7%).

Conclusions

Treatment with SOF + RBV was highly effective and safe in Japanese patients with HCV genotype 2 infection.
Evaluation of postoperative pain intensity following occlusal reduction in teeth associated with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis and symptomatic apical periodontitis: a randomized clinical study
Authors: Emara R. S. , Abou El Nasr H. M. , El Boghdadi R. M.
Published: September 2018

Aim

To assess the effect of occlusal reduction on postoperative pain following two visits root canal treatment in posterior mandibular teeth with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis and symptomatic apical periodontitis in a randomized clinical trial.

Methodology

This trial was conducted in the outpatient clinic of the Endodontic Department of the Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Cairo University in Egypt. Forty‐four‐patients diagnosed with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis and symptomatic apical periodontitis were randomly assigned into two equal groups. The occlusal surfaces of teeth in the intervention group were reduced; whilst those assigned to the control group were left intact. Canal instrumentation was completed in the first visit using Revo‐S rotary nickel–titanium files, and pain intensity was assessed using a visual analogue scale (VAS) at 6, 12, 24 and 48 h. Canal filling was completed 7 days later, and pain intensity was assessed at 6 and 12 h. A placebo was given and analgesics were prescribed to be administered in case of severe postoperative pain. Data were analysed using Independent t‐test, chi‐square and Fisher Exact tests.

Results

The mean pain scores within the two groups were associated with a significant continuous decrease over time. Following both instrumentation and canal filling, the mean pain scores in the intervention group were lower than those in the control group at all follow‐up periods and this difference was only significant at 12 h (P = 0.021 and P = 0.015, respectively).

Conclusions

Occlusal reduction reduced levels of postoperative pain in posterior mandibular teeth with symptomatic pulpitis and apical periodontitis only 12 h following both canal preparation and root filling.
Palpebral cutaneous melanomas: a review of 17 cases from a tertiary center
Authors: Tas Faruk , Erturk Kayhan
Published: September 2018

Background

Melanomas arising from eyelid skin are exceptionally rare, accounting for <1% of eyelid malignancies and all cutaneous melanomas. The aim of this study was to identify the histopathological features and clinical behaviors of the palpebral skin melanoma patients from a single tertiary institution.

Patients and methods

Seventeen Caucasian patients diagnosed with eyelid cutaneous melanoma were analyzed retrospectively.

Results

The median age of patients was 59 years, and females were predominant (n = 11). The most frequent localization of the lesions was the lower eyelid (n = 8). Nodular (n = 4), lentigo maligna (n = 3), and the superficial spreading melanoma (n = 3) were the most common histopathological subtypes. Only three patients had in situ melanomas. Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes were present in most of the patients; however, only a few cases had lymphovascular invasion. Regional lymph node involvement was present in two patients, and distant metastasis was found in only one patient. Four patients (24%) had disease relapses during follow‐up, all of which were locoregional. The median relapse‐free survival (RFS) time and 5‐year RFS rate were 26.3 months and 60.4%, respectively. Two patients (12%) died. Median OS time was 32.1 months, and 5‐year OS rate was 84%. Being elderly (older than 60 years of age) (P = 0.05), lesion originating from canthus compared to eyelid (P = 0.03) and presence of recurrence in follow‐up (P = 0.04) have been found as poor prognostic indicators for OS.

Conclusion

Palpebral skin melanoma is associated with favorable clinical features, and it is correlated with better survival rates.
The Dark Side of Team Social Cohesion in NPD Team Boundary Spanning
Authors: Carbonell Pilar , Rodríguez Escudero Ana I.
Published: September 2018

Although team boundary spanning is conducive to achieving new product (NP) competitive advantage, these actions may not always deliver the expected performance. The current study makes an initial attempt to examine factors that undermine team boundary spanning positive effects on NP competitive advantage by proposing and testing a negative moderating effect of team social cohesion on the relationship between team boundary spanning and NP competitive advantage. Furthermore, the current study expects team social cohesion to have a stronger negative moderating effect on the relationship between team boundary spanning and NP competitive advantage when external task interdependence and project newness are high than when they are low. Data for this study come from 140 NPD projects developed and commercialized by Spanish manufacturing firms in high‐ and medium‐high‐technology sectors. The study’s results reveal a positive effect of team boundary spanning on NP competitive advantage. Furthermore, high levels of team social cohesion are shown to reduce the positive effect of team boundary spanning on NP competitive advantage. Finally, we found that project newness and external task interdependence accentuate the negative moderating effect of team social cohesion on the relationship between team boundary spanning and NP competitive advantage. The current study makes several contributions to the literature. First, findings from this study give us new insights into the significance of team boundary spanning to the success of NPs by revealing that boundary‐spanning activities are beneficial to achieving NP competitive advantage. Second, the study departs from existing research in that it exposes a dark side of team social cohesion for NPD teams engaged in boundary spanning activities. Last, the study expands extant research by proposing and demonstrating that project newness and external task interdependence bring about situations in which external groups present a threat to the collective identity of socially cohesive groups.
Nuclear simple sequence repeat markers are superior to DNA barcodes for identification of closely related Rhododendron species on the same mountain
Authors: Wang Ji , Luo Jian , Ma Ya‐Zhen , Mao Xing‐Xing , Liu Jian‐Quan
Published: September 2018

Accurate species delimitation of sampled biological material is critical for a range of studies. Although the DNA barcodes developed in recent years are useful for identifying numerous well differentiated species that have not experienced frequent gene flow, they fail to delimit recently diverged species, especially those with extensive introgressions. Here we use five Rhododendron species growing together on the same mountain as a model system to compare the species delimitation effectiveness of the DNA barcodes (internal transcribed spacer, matK, psbA‐trnH, and rbcL) previously proposed versus 15 pairs of microsatellite markers. Using these markers, we genotyped 129 individuals, which were members of five species according to morphological identification. We identified five simple sequence repeat genetic clusters (independently evolving lineages) corresponding to the morphological identification. However, we found that numerous individuals contained cryptic hybrid introgressions from the other species. The four DNA barcodes could not delimit three out of four closely related species that showed clear morphological differentiation and cryptic introgressions. Even after excluding all cryptic hybrids, two closely related species could not be successfully identified. The low discrimination ability of the DNA barcodes for closely related Rhododendron species could result from two, not mutually exclusive factors: introgressive hybridization and incomplete lineage sorting. Our results highlight the importance of simple sequence repeat markers in delimiting closely related species and identifying cryptic introgressions in the absence of morphological changes.
Large‐effect loci affect survival in Tasmanian devils (Sarcophilus harrisii) infected with a transmissible cancer
Authors: Margres Mark J. , Jones Menna E. , Epstein Brendan , Kerlin Douglas H. , Comte Sebastien , Fox Samantha , Fraik Alexandra K. , Hendricks Sarah A. , Huxtable Stewart , Lachish Shelly , Lazenby Billie , O'Rourke Sean M. , Stahlke Amanda R. , Wiench Cody G. , Hamede Rodrigo , Schönfeld Barbara , McCallum Hamish , Miller Michael R. , Hohenlohe Paul A. , Storfer Andrew
Published: September 2018

Identifying the genetic architecture of complex phenotypes is a central goal of modern biology, particularly for disease‐related traits. Genome‐wide association methods are a classical approach for identifying the genomic basis of variation in disease phenotypes, but such analyses are particularly challenging in natural populations due to sample size difficulties. Extensive mark–recapture data, strong linkage disequilibrium and a lethal transmissible cancer make the Tasmanian devil (Sarcophilus harrisii) an ideal model for such an association study. We used a RAD‐capture approach to genotype 624 devils at ~16,000 loci and then used association analyses to assess the heritability of three cancer‐related phenotypes: infection case–control (where cases were infected devils and controls were devils that were never infected), age of first infection and survival following infection. The SNP array explained much of the phenotypic variance for female survival (>80%) and female case–control (>61%). We found that a few large‐effect SNPs explained much of the variance for female survival (~5 SNPs explained >61% of the total variance), whereas more SNPs (~56) of smaller effect explained less of the variance for female case–control (~23% of the total variance). By contrast, these same SNPs did not account for a significant proportion of phenotypic variance in males, suggesting that the genetic bases of these traits and/or selection differ across sexes. Loci involved with cell adhesion and cell‐cycle regulation underlay trait variation, suggesting that the devil immune system is rapidly evolving to recognize and potentially suppress cancer growth through these pathways. Overall, our study provided necessary data for genomics‐based conservation and management in Tasmanian devils.
Impact of donor lung pathogenic bacteria on patient outcomes in the immediate post‐transplant period
Authors: Ahmad Omar , Shafii Alexis E. , Mannino David M. , Choate Radmila , Baz Maher A.
Published: September 2018

Background

Patient outcomes post‐lung transplant remain inferior to other types of solid organ transplantation. We investigated whether the presence of potentially pathogenic bacteria (PPB) in donor lung bronchial cultures was associated with adverse outcomes postoperatively.

Methods

All patients who underwent lung transplantation between August 2015 and April 2017 at the University of Kentucky Medical Center were retrospectively reviewed. Retransplants, patients with bronchiectasis (including cystic fibrosis), and individuals who received organs from donation after cardiac death (DCD) donors were excluded. The remaining subjects were separated into two groups: individuals whose donor bronchial cultures grew PPB, and those whose cultures either returned negative for PPB or were sterile. 30‐day mortality rates as well as the incidence of grade 3 primary graft dysfunction (PGD) and acute kidney injury (AKI) at both 24 and 72 hours post‐transplant were calculated. The duration of mechanical ventilation postoperatively was also recorded.

Results

Thirty two subjects comprised the study population. 20 patients (63%) had growth of PPB on donor cultures, while 12 (37%) did not. Patients with PPB had a significantly greater number of days on the ventilator postoperatively compared to those with no PPB (mean = 11.3 and median = 5.0 vs mean = 5.8 and median = 3.0, respectively, P = 0.0232). Subsequent regression analysis revealed this association to not be influenced by recipient lung allocation score (LAS), donor age, donor smoking history, recipient mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) value, and/or use of cardiopulmonary bypass at the time of transplantation. Neither 30‐day survival nor incidence of Grade 3 PGD and AKI at 24 or 72 hours post‐transplant differed between the two groups (P > 0.05).

Conclusion

The recovery of PPB in donor lung cultures was associated with a longer duration of mechanical ventilation postoperatively in lung transplant recipients.
Transfusion of leukoreduced blood products and risk of antibody‐mediated rejection of renal allografts
Authors: Bynum Jennifer P. , Zachary Andrea , Ness Paul M. , Luo Xun , Bagnasco Serena , King Karen E. , Segev Dorry L. , Orandi Babak J. , Warren Daniel S. , Fuller Alice , Ciappi Ana , Montgomery Robert , Tobian Aaron A.R.
Published: September 2018

BACKGROUND

Antibody‐mediated rejection (AMR) is a major barrier to the long‐term function of renal allografts. White blood cells, which may be present in red blood cell (RBC) units, and platelets (PLTs) express HLA antigens that may increase the risk of AMR by inducing or increasing humoral sensitization to HLA.

STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS

A retrospective cohort study of HLA‐incompatible (HLAi) renal transplant recipients between 2004 and 2015 was conducted. Data on apheresis PLT and leukoreduced RBC transfusions within 4 weeks of transplantation, demographic information, and biopsy‐proven AMR were collected from medical records and the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients. Patients were evaluated until they showed evidence of AMR or until 1 year posttransplant, whichever came first. Multivariable analysis with Cox modeling was performed.

RESULTS

Of 244 individuals, 182 (74.6%) received RBCs and 20 (8.2%) of those also received PLTs. During the first year posttransplant, 97 (39.8%) had AMR. RBC‐alone or RBC and PLT transfusions were not associated with increased risk of AMR after adjustment for panel‐reactive antibody, years on dialysis, HLA antibody strength, and number of therapeutic plasma exchange treatments (adjusted hazard ratio [adjHR] 1.00, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.59‐1.69; and adjHR 0.68, 95% CI 0.28‐1.68, respectively). For each 1‐unit increase in RBC transfusions, there was no association with AMR (adjHR 0.94, 95% CI 0.85‐1.05). Only HLA antibody strength before transplantation was associated with AMR (adjHR 2.23, 95% CI 1.10‐4.52; cytotoxic crossmatch compared to crossmatch negative but detectable donor‐specific HLA antibodies).

CONCLUSIONS

Patients who receive an HLAi transplant who are transfused with leukoreduced RBCs or PLTs in the peritransplant period are at no higher risk of AMR than nontransfused patients.
Organisation and delivery of liaison psychiatry services in general hospitals in England: results of a national survey
Authors: Walker Andrew , Barrett Jessica Rose , Lee William , West Robert M , Guthrie Elspeth , Trigwell Peter , Quirk Alan , Crawford Mike J , House Allan
Published: September 2018

Objectives

To describe the current provision of hospital-based liaison psychiatry services in England, and to determine different models of liaison service that are currently operating in England.

Design

Cross-sectional observational study comprising an electronic survey followed by targeted telephone interviews.

Setting

All 179 acute hospitals with an emergency department in England.

Participants

168 hospitals that had a liaison psychiatry service completed an electronic survey. Telephone interviews were conducted for 57 hospitals that reported specialist liaison services additional to provision for acute care.

Measures

Data included the location, service structures and staffing, working practices, relations with other mental health service providers, policies such as response times and funding. Model 2-based clustering was used to characterise the services. Telephone interviews identified the range of additional liaison psychiatry services provided.

Results

Most hospitals (141, 79%) reported a 7-day service responding to acute referrals from the emergency department and wards. However, under half of hospitals had 24 hours access to the service (78, 44%). One-third of hospitals (57, 32%) provided non-acute liaison work including outpatient clinics and links to specialist hospital services. 156 hospitals (87%) had a multidisciplinary service including a psychiatrist and mental health nurses. We derived a four-cluster model of liaison psychiatry using variables resulting from the electronic survey; the salient features of clusters were staffing numbers, especially nursing; provision of rapid response 24 hours 7-day acute services; offering outpatient and other non-acute work, and containing age-specific teams for older adults.

Conclusions

This is the most comprehensive study to date of liaison psychiatry in England and demonstrates the wide availability of such services nationally. Although all services provide an acute assessment function, there is no uniformity about hours of coverage or expectation of response times. Most services were better characterised by the model we developed than by current classification systems for liaison psychiatry.
The Provisional Government: A Centennial View
Authors: Orlovsky Daniel
Published: September 2018

D. Orlovsky aims to establish the unique qualities of 1917 and the importance of the Provisional Government project. He reviews briefly the treatment of the power question and the PG in the fiftieth and eightieth anniversaries in the West. He proposes a three pronged approach for study of the PG- 1.) as an administrative/bureaucratic operational governing entity; 2.) as a political clearing house for the principal actors and leaders of the major political parties and the programs of those parties and finally, 3.) as a social entity, home of the social movement of lower middle strata occupational, proto-professional and professional groups. Finally, he argues that we take seriously both the “failed” institutions, the Democratic Conference and the Council of the Republic and the alternative of an all socialist government proposed by Martov and other Mensheviks in the endgame of the Revolution during September and October of 1917.
Entering and leaving employment in deprived neighbourhoods undergoing area regeneration
Authors: Kearns Ade , Mason Phil
Published: September 2018

Concentrations of worklessness have been persistent in the UK for several decades but have not been tackled effectively by policy. An individualised approach to unemployment has existed, alongside employment policies that lack a strong geographical component. A reliance on area-based regeneration programmes has shifted from a property-led approach to a holistic approach, with the potential to address a range of factors associated with employment. To gauge the effectiveness and appropriateness of holistic area regeneration, this paper uses longitudinal survey data to examine movements into and out of employment for people living in deprived areas of Glasgow with concentrated worklessness and subject to area regeneration. There were modest net gains to employment over time in the study areas, and such gains were positively associated with traditional elements of regeneration such as housing improvements and community empowerment. However, other components of regeneration assumed to aid employment, such as social networks and participation in training, were found to have no effect. Other factors that were associated both with entering and leaving employment feature less frequently within regeneration programmes and require more integration into future approaches, particularly increasing physical activity among populations, helping people cope with physical and mental health issues, and improving transport and mobility.