bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Plyometric Front Cone Hops Training and Counter Movement Jump Training to Power and Strenght of Leg Muscles
Authors: Pratiwi Febrianti Zarra , Setijono Hari , Fuad Yusuf
Published: June 2018

The purpose of this research is to increase performance athletes bolavoli and that basketball with the methods exercise plyometric front cone hops and plyometric counter movement jump. Thirty students who elected in accordance criteria will be conducted pretest to determine division of a group plyometric front cone hops, plyometric counter movement jump or the control group. Back leg dynamometer to measure the muscle power limbs and jump md to measure the power limb muscles.Will be given exercise for 6 weeks to masing-masing groups and treatment 3 times a week. Test results paired sample t-test show a method of exercise plyometric front cone hops significant influence on the variables of strength and power limb muscles, group plyometric counter movement jump significant influence on the variables of power limb muscles. It can be concluded that of the exercise plyometric front cone hops and plyometric counter movement jump more effective for the two components of the physical condition of strength and power limb muscles.
Gambaran Histologi Ginjal Tikus Wistar Yang Terpapar MSG Setelah Perlakuan Diberikan Jus Tomat Dan Diberhentikan Perlakuan Saja
Authors: Sispitasari Yeti Eka
Published: June 2018

MSG causes many side effects on the body, but MSG has long been used as a food flavor that can bring tastes (umami) and play a role in strengthening the taste. The chemical structure of MSG is no different from Glutamic Acid (glutamate), it is one of the 20 amino acids that make up proteins in the body. So the use of MSG needs to be discontinued to prevent kidney damage due to continued consumption of MSG, two research were conducted to determine the effect of discharging of MSG consumption by being given tomato juice (1) and discharged without treatment (2), the second study was seen from the histology picture of rats wistar mouse.Methods were experimental with post test only control group design. The research (1) used 15 wistar rats divided into three groups: group I without treatment (pellet AD II and drinking water), group II was given MSG for 14 days and group III was given tomato juice and MSG for 14 days. The study (2) used 27 rats divided by 9 groups. The sample is selected by simple random sampling method. The mice were then gradually turned off on the 29th, 43rd and 57th days. There was no significant difference in mean number of normal and damaged proximal tubules in all treatment groups. The renal histologic features in the treatment group I (MSG) and the treatment group II (MSG and tomato juice) showed normal glomeruli, tubular epithelial tubules, and lumen tubular narrowing whereas in mice discharged without treatment there was no apparent difference between the two MSG Giving groups damage to proximal tubules and renal corpusculum and regeneration after 14 days of discontinuation of MSG. Conclusions from these two experiments occurred damage to the renal tubules Keywords: MSG, Kidney, Wistar Rat
Effect of accelerated aging test on fungi formation in stored eggplant seeds
Authors: KENANOĞLU Burcu Begüm , DİNLER Havva
Published: June 2018

Solanaceae
familyasına ait etli meyveliler grubunda tohumlar fermantasyon gibi özel
işlemlere gerek duymaktadır. Fermantasyon yöntemlerinden biri olan asit
uygulamaları etli meyveliler grubunda yaygın olarak kullanılmakta, hızlı ve
pratik sonuç vermektedir. Hızlı yaşlandırma testi tohumların yüksek nem ve
sıcaklıkta depolanabilme özelliklerini belirlemenin yanında çeşitli önlemler
alınmadığı takdirde fungal kontaminasyonu artmaktadır. Yürütülen çalışmada, iki
farklı tohum olgunluk döneminde (50 ve 65 günlük) hasat edilmiş ve üç farklı
fermantasyon uygulamasına (su, 10 dak. HCl, 20 dak. HCl) tabi tutulan 4 ºC
sıcaklıkta depolanmış 8 yıllık Kemer patlıcan çeşidi tohumlarının hızlı
yaşlandırma testi ile tohum gücündeki azalış ve fungal kontaminasyon oranları bulunmuştur.
Hızlı Yaşlandırma testi (HYT); yüzey sterilizasyon (%2 lik NaOCl ile 2 dak.)
yapılan (SS) ve yapılmayan (NSS) iki gruba ait tohumlarda 41 ºC de 72sa süre
ile yapılmıştır. Bunu takiben çimlenmeye alınan tohum partilerinde ilk hafta %
fungal kontaminasyon hesaplanmıştır. Sonuçlara göre; HYT yapılmayan tohum
partilerinde en hızlı (ortalama çimlenme zamanı; 5 gün) ve en yüksek çimlenme
oranı (ortalama çimlenme oranı; %73) ile 50 günde hasat edilen ve 20 dakika HCl
fermantasyonu uygulanmış tohum partisinden elde edilmiştir. 65 günlük tohum
olgunluğunda hasat edilmiş partilerde ortalama çimlenme zamanı ve oranı
sırasıyla %67 ve 5 gün olarak hesaplanmıştır. HYT sonuçlarına göre ise; yüksek
değerleri veren 50 günlük tohumlarda SS partilerde canlılık %20 azalmış, fungal
kontaminasyon %2 oranında iken ve NSS partilerinde canlılık %3 azalmış, bulaşma
oranı ise %25 olarak bulunmuştur. Genel olarak yüzey sterilizasyon uygulaması
toplam uygulama gruplarının %67’sinde kontaminasyonu engellemiştir. Tohum
yüzeyinde görülen patojenlerden; Penicillium
spp., Aspergillus spp. ve Alternaria spp. etmenleri elimine
edilmiştir.
Archaeobotanical Studies at Sumaki Höyük (Batman, Turkey) in 2014
Authors: KUTLU Leman , ÖZDOĞAN Aslı Erim , ALTUNDAĞ ÇAKIR Ernaz
Published: June 2018

Our study focuses on the archaeobotanical analyses of 2014 season
of the Sumaki Höyük, which is located east of Beşiri town in Batman
province. It was excavated within the
framework of Ilısu Dam and HES project by the Batman Museum at the charge of
Dr. Aslı Erim Özdoğan.Sumaki Höyük yields Late Pre-Pottery Neolithic
B (LPPNB) and Early Pottery Neolithic, namely Pre-Proto Hassuna and Proto
Hassuna phases, dated to 7310 - 7040 cal BC - 6480 - 6400 cal BC. The uppermost
phase is a small farm or a district belongs to Abbasid / Hamdani Periods dated
to cal. 770-890 AD. Most of the 2014 botanical samples are collected from the
phases dated between cal. 7030-6580 BC and cal. 6830-6470 BC.

The archaeobotanical remains were obtained by flotation of 348 lt soil of 45 samples that were
collected from different loci at Sumaki Höyük. The remains are preserved either
by carbonizing or mineralizing. Two domesticated families Poaceae and Fabaceae are predominant. The earliest
domesticated form of wheat Triticum dicoccon (Schrank) Schübl. Grains, as well
as pieces of spikelet forks, are
determined. Among the Fabaceae family
Lens culinaris Medik. (lentil), Vicia ervilia
(L.) Willld. (bitter vetch), Pisum sativum L. (garden pea) and Cicer arietinum L. (chickpea) species
are vegetal source of nutrition of semi-nomadic inhabitants of Sumaki
Höyük. The existence of Linum L.
(Linen) might be the indicator of weaving and/or oil
consumption.
A study on antioxidant properties of Gyrodon lividus
Authors: BAL Celal
Published: June 2018

It is possible to classify mushrooms as edible, inedible and poisonous. The
present study aimed to determine the antioxidant potential of Gyrodon lividus (Bull.) Sacc., an edible
mushroom species Thus, total antioxidant status (TAS) and total oxidant status
(TOS) of mushroom ethanol extracts were determined and oxidative stress index was
calculated based on TAS and TOS findings. Based on the study findings, the TAS value
was 2.077 ± 0.087, TOS value was 13.465 ± 0.213 and OSI level was 0.651 ±
0.037. Thus, it was suggested that the mushroom had antioxidant potential, however
G. lividus collected in Burdur province
should be consumed with care due to the high oxidative stress levels.
Sustainability of wood harvesting in tropical rainforest of Nigeria
Authors: OKON Kufre
Published: June 2018

Over the years, Nigerian tropical
rainforest has become the main source of timber supply to many countries which
were in critical need of timber to feed their wood-based industries. The
increase in population has led to increase in the demands for forest products,
specifically wood for construction. Improper harvesting practices has
substantially degraded the tropical forest that future timber values may be
reduced. Sustainable wood harvesting focuses on the trees that are remaining
rather than on the trees that are to be fell. Proper wood harvesting and
management method must be adopted to facilitate the regeneration of the forest.
Efficient wood harvesting in Nigeria requires the construction of landing sites
as collection points for the harvested timbers and adequate training must be
provided to the operators of the diverse harvesting equipment. With proper
timber harvesting techniques, the damages caused by logging can be minimized. Functional forest
policies that guide against over-exploitation of timber should be enacted.
Reduced impact logging should be incorporated into sustainable forest
management to reduce devastating damages to the residual trees in the forest.
Prediksi Pore Pressure Menggunakan Metode D-Exponent Dan Eaton Sonic Log
Authors: 1a P.Subiatmono , Pratiknyo Avianto Kabul , Dingkaputra Dicky
Published: June 2018

Selama pemboran tidak jarang menjumpai suatu permasalahan, oleh sebab itu evaluasi sangat perlu dilakukan untuk menghindari permasalahan pada operasi pemboran selanjutnya. Seperti pada sumur “X – 01” di lapangan Y di jumpai gas flowing,pipe sticking, dan mud lost.Untuk dapat mengevaluasi permasalahan pada sumur “X – 01” perlu diketahui tekanan bawah permukaan. Langkah pertama adalah melakukan kompilasi data parameter drilling, density log, GR log, dan data sonic log. Langkah selanjutnya adalah melakukan analisa dan perhitungan profil tekanan bawah permukaan. Analisa dan perhitungan profil tekanan bawah permukaan digunakan untuk mendapatkan desain rekonstruksi pore pressure prediction yang optimum untuk menghindari permasalahan downhole problem pada pelaksanaan pemboran.
PSYCHOSOMATIC DISORDERS IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE
Authors: Seleznova I. , Storozhuk L. , Dovgaliuk T.
Published: June 2018

Objective: to study the psychological status of patients and disabled persons with chronic kidney disease. Materials and methods: 74 patients, invalids because of renal pathology, were included in the study. Psycho-diagnostic data were analyzed by parametric methods (Teilor’s and Spielberger’s tests, intellectual methods).

Results: the majority of studied patients with chronic kidney disease (62%) had emotional and motivation disorders, in 38% of them the signs of asthenic state were observed in the clinical picture of psychologic disorders. Intensity of depression and anxiety symptoms significantly increased with the increase of chronic kidney disease severity (p<0.05 and p<0.01, respectively).

Conclusions: emotional and motivation disorders were detected in more than a half of patients with chronic kidney disease (62%), and 38% of patients showed the signs of asthenic state manifested by the decrease of functional abilities in performing daily living activities.
PATHOMORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES IN RENAL PARENCHYMA, AFTER MODELING OF ACUTE PYELONEPHRITIS IN MICE, DEPENDING ON THE ABILITY OF BACTERIA TO FORM BIOFILMS.
Authors: Mitiuriaeva-Kornijko I. O. , Vodianyk A. A. , Lihodievskyy V. V. , Ponyatovskiy V. A. , Gniloskurenko A. V. , Grechukha Y. O. , Druzenko M. O. , Kornijko Y. Y.
Published: June 2018

Urinary tract infection is one of the most common infectious diseases that affects people of any age and sex. The purpose of our study was to determine morphological changes in acute pyelonephritis, depending on the ability of bacteria strains to form biofilms.

Materials and methods. The model of acute pyelonephritis was reproduced by ascending urinary infection model of laboratory mice with clinical isolates of E.coli with low biofilm formation ability (group # 1) and high biofilm formation ability (group # 2), the material was taken on day 7 of the experiment, histological sections were analyzed in comparison with control (group # 3).

Results. In group # 1, leukocyte infiltration of the medulla of the kidney with the presence of edema of the stroma was observed. In group # 2, hyperinfiltration of all parts of the kidney was observed, together with the presence of extravasates and severe edema of the stroma.

Discussion. Changes revealed by histological examination may indicate that biofilm formation leads to an ineffective immuneresponse, which in turn leads to increased secondary alteration.

Conclusions. Biofilm formation is an important factor in the pathogenicity of microorganisms, which affects the course of acute pyelonephritis.
MARKERS LEVEL OF ENDOTHELIAL DYSFUNCTION (ENDOTELIN-1 AND NITROGEN OXIDE) IN BLOOD SYROVISTS AND ALBUMINURIA IN CHILDREN WITH ERYTHROCYTURIA
Authors: Minakova V.
Published: June 2018

The aim of our study was to investigate the levels of endothelin-1 and aside nitrogen in the serum of children with kidney diseases that clinically present with hematuria syndrome.

Materials and methods: a total of 158 children aged 1 to 18 years with kidney disease, having a course with hematuria. Patients were divided into 3 groups: group 1 – glomerulonephritis; group 2 – hereditary nephritis; group 3 – dismetabolic nephropathy. It was studied the level of endothelin, nitric oxide in serum, the level of hematuria, AU in urine, blood biochemistry, glomerular filtration.

Results: the highest level of ET-1 was detected in patients with glomerulonephritis - 0,82±0.055 fmol/ml, with the variation range from 0.10 to 3.2 fmol/ml, which twice exceeded the mean values in the control group, whereas the growth rate of hereditary nephritis and DN was more moderate (0,64±0,063 and 0,54±0,072 fmol/ml, respectively). The NO level increased significantly in patients with glomerulonephritis to 120,2±12,3 μmol/l.

Conclusions. Determining the level of ET-1 and NO in the serum of children with kidney diseases, having a course with hematuria, gives the opportunity to get an idea about the presence of endothelium dysfunction. Indicators of endothelial dysfunction can be used as markers of severity and progression of the disease.
IT AUDIT – INTRODUCTION OF THE IT AUDIT IN AN ORGANIZATION
Authors: Hoxhaj Elda
Published: June 2018

Business performance, value and success are more and more
depending on information technology governance and on the related IT risk management
efficiency. To completely accomplish the main objectives of Auditing,
internally or externally sourced, in this era, the introduction of an
additional professional tool, the IT Audit, is being increasingly considered as
an absolute and indispensable need.This
paper aims to treat and emphasize, through comparison and analysis, the
necessity and relevance of IT Audit, in both public and private enterprises. IT
Audit, as a new important field and strong risk assessment tool of Auditing, drives
to a higher level of efficiency and ensures that the enterprise system is
getting the maximum business value / performance for itself and for all
stakeholders too.

Highlighting
the evidenced advantages of an effective IT Audit through best practices, the
paper’s purpose is to strongly motivate and encourage other organization as
well to introduce the IT Audit in their org chart.
Interação terapêutica e comportamento verbal em uma compreensão analítico-comportamental
Authors: Marangoni Cassiano , Ferreira Vinícius Renato Thomé
Published: June 2018

A interação terapêutica dentro da análise do comportamento (AC) é compreendida como um meio que auxilia no processo de mudança nas relações. Compreender os aspectos que constituem essa interação contribui para a terapia, aumentando a precisão da análise, sua efetividade e minimizando as rupturas e insucessos. Este artigo apresenta a interação terapêutica como recurso de modificação de comportamento a partir da AC e sua relação com o comportamento verbal. É definida e apresentada uma definição de interação terapêutica e discutido como o comportamento verbal está relacionado. Os principais operantes verbais que podem agir

alterando o comportamento a partir da interação terapêutica são tato, mando, intraverbal e os autoclíticos. A alteração do comportamento verbal é uma das finalidades da interação terapêutica, alterando também comportamentos em ambiente natural. Há, portanto, uma relação íntima entre o comportamento verbal e a interação terapêutica, e a análise dessa interação permite estabelecer alterações efetivas no comportamento do cliente.
THE WAVE ACTIVITY IN THE ANAPA BAY BAR AREA: CLIMATIC TRENDS OVER THE PAST 37 YEARS
Authors: Divinsky Boris , Divinsky Boris , Косян Рубен , Kosyan Ruben
Published: June 2018

The main goal of this research is to study the storm activity in the Anapa bay bar area in the period from 1979 to 2015. We used the method of mathematical modeling. We found that in the region of Anapa bay bar, average annual power of wind waves is 4-5 kW/m and varies significantly during the year. In the wind rose of waves, there are two prevailing direction: north-east and south-west. At the same time, in the inter-annual terms there is a steady increase in the share of waves of northeastern direction with a decrease in the contribution of waves of southwestern direction.
CHANGES IN WATER QUALITY AND FISHERY PRODUCTION IN JINHAE BAY
Authors: Kim Kyunghoi , Kim Kyunghoi , Jin Oh Seok , Jin Oh Seok , Lee In-Cheol , Lee In-Cheol
Published: June 2018

For the better understanding of long-term variations of water quality in Jinhae Bay after establishment of special law, we analyzed the archive data monitored in Jinhae Bay during the last 17 years (1997-2013). And change on fish catch due to the variations of water quality was investigated. A marked decrease in the number of red tide occurrence is due to the effectiveness of the law and sewage treatment plant that has targeted the reduction of COD in the effluent water since early 2000. Although the improvement of water quality, increase in fishery production was not observed in Jinhae Bay. For the recovery of fishery production, processes for restoration of entire ecosystem such as restoration of artificial intertidal flat and seaweed bed and remediation of organic-rich sea bed should be accompanied with improvement of water quality.
NUMERICAL MODELING OF STORM SURGES, WIND WAVES AND FLOODING IN THE TAGANROG BAY
Authors: Fomin Vladimir , Fomin Vladimir , Alekseev Dmitrii , Alekseev Dmitrii , Lazorenko Dmitrii , Lazorenko Dmitrii
Published: June 2018

Storm surges and wind waves are ones of the most important hydrological characteristics, which determine dynamics of the Sea of Azov. Extreme storm surges in Taganrog Bay and flooding in the Don Delta can be formed under the effect of strong western winds. In this work the sea level oscillations and wind waves in the Taganrog Bay were simulated by means of the coupled SWAN+ADCIRC numerical model, taking into account the flooding and drying mechanisms. The calculations were carried out on an unstructured mesh with high resolution. The wind and atmospheric pressure fields for the extreme storm from 20 to 28 of September, 2014 obtained from WRF regional atmospheric model were used as forcing. The analysis of simulation results showed the following. The western and northern parts of the Don Delta were the most flood-prone during the storm. The size of the flooded area of the Don Delta exceeded 50%. Interaction of storm surge and wind wave accelerated the flooding process, increased the size of the flooded area and led to the intensification of wind waves in the upper of Taganrog Bay due to the general rise of the sea level.
CONDITIONS FAVOURABLE FOR PROTECTION THE MARINE SHORE OF THE VISTULA SPIT AND SAMBIAN PENINSULA (THE BATIC SEA, KALININGRAD OBLAST) BY OFFSHORE DISPOSAL OF DREDGED MATERIAL
Authors: Sokolov Andrei , Sokolov Andrei , Chubarenko Boris , Chubarenko Boris
Published: June 2018

Three dumping sites located at the south-eastern part of the Baltic Sea (Kaliningrad Oblast) at shallow depths are considered. The first one is located to the south of the Vistula Lagoon inlet in front of a permanently eroded open marine shore segment. The second one is located to the north of the Vistula Lagoon inlet, and is used now for disposing of dredged material extracted from the Kaliningrad Seaway Canal. The third dumping site is located near the northern shore of the Sambian Peninsula to the east of the Cape Gvardeijski and assigned for disposing the dredged material extracted from the fairway to the Pionerskij Port located nearby. The last site is planned to be used for disposing of dredged material from the future port that should be constructed there before the beginning of the FIFA World Cup 2018. All three dumping sites are located not far from the eroded segments of the shore. The question behind the study is: would it possible that disposed material will naturally transported from the damping site to the shore and accumulate there to protect it from erosion? A numerical hydrodynamic-transport 3D model (MIKE) was used to model sediment transport under different wind actions. The winds with the speed stronger than 15 m/s complete wash out disposed material from the dumping site and spreading it over the wide area with a negligible layer thickness. Winds of about 7-10 m/s transport material along the shore at a distance of few kilometers that may be useful for shore protection. The first location of the dumping site (to the south of the Vistula Lagoon inlet) looks very ineffective for potential protection the shore nearby. At the other hand, the second and especially the third locations are favorable for transport of disposed material to the shore, the most favorable conditions are at onshore or alongshore currents.
CORRELATION OF THE BLACK, MARMARA AND AEGEAN SEAS DURING THE HOLOCENE
Authors: Esin Nikolay , Esin Nikolay , Ocherednik Vladimir , Ocherednik Vladimir
Published: June 2018

A mathematical model describing the change in the Black Sea level depending on the Aegean Sea level changes is presented in the article. Calculations have shown that the level of the Black Sea has been repeating the course of the Aegean Sea level for the last at least 6,000 years. And the level of the Black Sea above the Aegean Sea level in the tens of centimeters for this period of time.
SEDIMENT TRANSPORT NEAR THE VISTULA SPIT (BALTIC SEA)
Authors: Babakov Alexander , Babakov Alexander , Chubarenko Boris , Chubarenko Boris
Published: June 2018

The Vistula Spit is a sandy elongated barrier form which borders the Vistula Lagoon from the Baltic Sea. The evolution of the spit as well as nowadays sediment transport along the marine shore of it are still under discussion, especially due to existing of entrance jetties bordered the Strait of Baltiysk, the single inlet to the Vistula Lagoon, and advanced up to 10 m depth seaward. Different hypothesizes about ether uniform transport from north to south or contrary directed fluxes with convergence at various points at the spit shore are discussed. Most of them are based on fact of accumulation of sandy material just to north from the northern entrance jetty as in incoming corner. Basing on statistics of near-surface wind, direct measurements of currents and analysis of direction of the scour hole located between jetties the paper confirms the existence of two opposite fluxes - one brings alluvium from the Vistula River mouth to north as main winds blow from south-west and west, and, in contrast, another one brings material obtained by erosion of the western shore of the Sambian Peninsula to south. Dynamic equilibrium between these fluxes through hundreds of years resulted in formation of present shape of the coastline, and it is expected that the area of the equilibrium in alongshore migrations is in the top of the Yantarny- Baltiysk concave. Appearance of entrance jetties of the Vistula Lagoon inlet, in the area where opposite alongshore migration of material are nearly equalised, leaded to the accretion-erosion pattern, which is pseudo equal to sediment transport from north to south. In fact the accumulation of sand just to north from the northern entrance jetty and erosion to south from southern jetty may be explained by mechanism, when the sand transported in the incoming corner just near the northern mole by southward migrations is excluded from migratory movement and deposited in the zone shadowed by jetties (from northward migrations). Erosion to south of jetties is explained by wind surges in incoming corner for prevailing western winds.
INTEGRATION OF COASTAL ZONE DATA INTO THE BLACK SEA GIS
Authors: Zhuk Elena , Zhuk Elena , Khaliulin Alexey , Khaliulin Alexey , Krylenko Marina , Krylenko Marina , Косян Рубен , Kosyan Ruben
Published: June 2018

While creating the Black Sea GIS, the primary attention was paid to selecting free and platform independent software capable of providing necessary functionality and to possible extending the system with new data and facilities. To use coastal zone data, a special module was developed. At present, it includes data for the coastline of about 105 km from Magry to Adler. These data were obtained in SB SIO RAS and transferred to MHI data base in framework of their joint activities.
VERTICAL MOVEMENTS OF THE COAST AND SHELF OF THE BLACK AND MEDITERRANEAN SEAS DURING THE HOLOCENE
Authors: Esin Nikolay , Esin Nikolay , Esin Nikolay , Esin Nikolay , Sorokina Olga , Sorokina Olga
Published: June 2018

Vertical movement of Earth crust can modify the shape of the eustatic sea level curves. A method allows calculation of the eustatic sea level course using the known local curves. We were able to divide a number of local curves of the Mediterranean Sea to the eustatic and tectonic components. The data about dynamics of the vertical crustal movements in 27 points of the Mediterranean coast and shelf during the Holocene were obtained. It was found that the velocities of raising and dipping are unstable over time and can reach value of 10 mm/year. Satellite measurements have recorded the velocities of vertical movements in the range of -10 to +20 mm/year for some parts of Black Sea coast. Such movements of the Earth's crust undoubtedly have a large impact on coastal processes and should be considered in designing coastal structures.
A DIFFERENT-SCALE VARIABILITY OF THE VERTICAL THERMAL STRUCTURE OF THE KALININGRAD REGION'S MARINE COASTAL WATERS
Authors: Krechik Viktor , Krechik Viktor , Kapustina Maria , Kapustina Maria , Gritsenko Vladimir , Gritsenko Vladimir
Published: June 2018

Baltic Sea hydrology is quite well explored. Nevertheless, the majority of classical and recent colligative research of Baltic Sea was focused on its off-lying part, shaping several regional databases – HELCOM, ICES. Thus data for 12-mile near shore zone in the Russian part of South-Eastern Baltic is nearly not represented. IKBFU and ABIORAS employees have gathered an array of measurements, made by CTD probes in Kaliningrad region coastal area during the last 15 years. It was this fact, which make possible to examine a seasonal variability of thermal and halinic structure of shallow marine areas. The pre-analysis revealed that there is only slight variability in salinity (at about 0.5 psu) in the region of interest. Therefore, the main aim of following work is to analyze a different-scale variability of the vertical thermal structure of Kaliningrad region’s marine coastal areas. This analysis showed two types of the variability – long-term and short-term. The long-term one is represented by seasonal cycle of meteorological features, affecting in a strong way on the hydrological behavior of Baltic sea. The short-term one are regarded as brief, but violent perturbations – storms. While carrying out this research, the quantitative estimates of thermal structure alteration time were made along with features of thermal structure variability for marine coastal areas.
MOORED PROFILER OBSERVATIONS OF SUBMESOSCALE COLD-CORE EDDIES IN PETER THE GREAT BAY OF THE EAST/JAPAN SEA IN LATE WINTER
Authors: Ostrovskii Alexander , Ostrovskii Alexander , Lobanov Vyacheslav , Lobanov Vyacheslav , Sergeev Aleksandr , Sergeev Aleksandr , Park Jae-Hun , Park Jae-Hun , Park Young-Gyu , Park Young-Gyu
Published: June 2018

Submesoscale cold-core (T < 0°C) eddies were observed near the shelf break in Peter the Great Bay of the East/Japan Sea in March 2010. The observations were carried out at the moored automatic mobile profiler Aqualog station. The profiling was as frequent as every hour allowing us to obtain data with high temporal resolution. Aqualog delivered vertical profiles of ocean current velocity, acoustic backscatter at 2 MHz, temperature, and salinity between the depths of 20 m and 105 m. Below the profiling range, the InterOcean S4 current meter with temperature and salinity sensors was mounted on the mooring line. Above the profiling range, the RBR XR420 CTD logger with dissolved oxygen, chlorophyll-a fluorescence, and turbidity sensors was also mounted on the mooring line. Additionally we used the data of ship-born CTD casts, the satellite-born imagery and scatterometery, and the coastal weather station records. The data analysis suggests that the cold-core submesoscale eddies play an important role in supplying the densest water (σθ > 27.24 kg/m3) from the northern part of Peter the Great Bay to the shelf break zone where it cascades downward into the deep northern basin of the Sea. The volume of the densest water in an eddy, according to our rough estimate, is 0.5-1 km³. At the sea shelf, the densest water is richer in oxygen by 0.4 ml/l than surrounding water. It also contains much more suspended particles brought by the rivers.
MAIN TRENDS OF THE SAMBIAN COASTAL SYSTEM (SOUTH-EASTERN BALTIC) DEVELOPMENT: HOLOCENE LITHODYNAMICS AND RECENT COASTAL PROCESSES
Authors: Рябчук Дарья , Ryabchuk Daria , Sergeev Alexander , Sergeev Alexander , Sivkov Vadim , Sivkov Vadim , Zhamoida Vladimir , Zhamoida Vladimir , Kovaleva Olga , Kovaleva Olga , Dorokhova Eugenia , Dorokhova Eugenia
Published: June 2018

Synthesis of long-term geological research on the Russian region of the southeastern Baltic and its coastal zone has allowed for the establishment of boundaries and determination of the time of formation and the structure of the Sambian morpho-lythodynamic marine and coastal system. The systems studied include the coastal zone (at a the water depth of 30 m according to longshore storm wave current impacts) and adjacent silty-clay sedimentation basins. The development of the Curonian Spit area in the Late Pleistocene – Holocene was reconstructed based on marine geological and geophysical study and modelling. Comparative analyses of the geological settings of the Curonian and Vistula Spits and lagoons has shown that the mechanisms for their development are significantly different. By the late Holocene, the southeastern Baltic Sea consisted of several lithodynamic coastal systems. By 5 ka BP, both lagoon systems had formed. Evolution of the spits and lagoons during the last 5000 years caused the development of similar morphological features. The Vistula and Curonian lagoons transformed into sediment traps for alluvial deposits of the Neman and Pregola Rivers. Smoothing of the shoreline as a result of longshore sediment drift is a dominant coastal process.
SURFACE GPS-DRIFTERS FOR STUDY COASTAL WATER DYNAMICS IN THE BLACK SEA. RESULTS AND EXPERIENCE FROM 2013 TO 2015 YEAR.
Authors: Silvestrova Ksenia , Silvestrova Ksenia , Myslenkov Stanislav , Myslenkov Stanislav , Zatsepin Andrey , Zatsepin Andrey , Baranov Vladimir , Baranov Vladimir
Published: June 2018

This work presents the description and results of drifter experiments which were held in coastal zone of the Black Sea every summer and sometimes in autumn since 2013. Surface GSM/GPS drifters were used for observation coastal currents with spatial resolution 100–200 m and temporal variability from 5-10 minutes . Some parameters of sub-mesoscale eddies was described due to experiments. An optional battery pack allowed to extent autonomy to 19 days (one of the drifters covered a distance of ~ 300 km).The results of experiments include a comparison of the drifter trajectories with bottom-tracked ADCP and moored ADCP data. The speed and direction of current velocity from the ADCP data coincide with the data from drifters. We demonstrate that using drifter data for analysis of water dynamics gives a more comprehensive pattern of actual processes in comparison to using the ADCP data alone.
CHANGES IN BACKGROUND CONCENTRATIONS OF METALS IN THE SEDIMENTS OF MARSH-LAGOON LANDSCAPES OF THE WESTERN CASPIAN
Authors: Kasatenkova Maria , Kasatenkova Maria , Kasimov Nicolay , Kasimov Nicolay , Lychagin Mihail , Lychagin Mihail
Published: June 2018

The last 1978-1995 transgression of the Caspian Sea caused the development of marsh-lagoon system along the Western Caspian seashore. Due to salt marshes are very vulnerable to sea-level fluctuations, complex and dynamic system, they may be considered as a regional model of rapid environmental transformation. Changing conditions of migration in the soils of marsh-lagoon landscapes during the sea-level rise influenced on the migration of elements of variable valency, primarily Fe and Mn, but also Zn, Cu, Pb, Ni, Co, leading to their mobilization in slightly alkaline and neutral reducing conditions and subsequent deposition on the geochemical barriers. That led to the emergence of landscape-geochemical anomalies of Fe and heavy metals in the soils of salt marshes with a characteristic time of formation of any persistent anomalies during 5-10 years.
RELEASE OF NUTRIENTS FROM BOTTOM SEDIMENTS IN OSAKA BAY, JAPAN IN 2015
Authors: Komai Yukio , Komai Yukio , Sakata Mana , Sakata Mana , Nakajima Masaki , Nakajima Masaki , Tanaka Sae , Tanaka Sae
Published: June 2018

Osaka Bay is the most polluted enclosed sea area, in which is located the eastern part of the Seto Inland Sea, Japan. There are four kinds of sources on loadings of nutrients to Osaka Bay, which are land including rivers and industrial effluents beside coast, ocean sea water, release from bottom sediment to sea water, and wet and dry deposition from air. The pollutant loadings inflowing from the land to Osaka Bay have been cut by various policies since 1970’s. The concentrations of nutrients in the inner part of Osaka Bay have showed an obvious decreasing tendency. However, the water quality in offshore sea has not satisfied the environmental standard on nutrients. We investigated the amount of nutrients released from bottom sediments. The core samples were taken at two stations in the inner part of Osaka Bay once a month from February to November, 2015. The core incubation experiment in laboratory was conducted for 24 hours according to Tada et.al. The concentrations of ammonium nitrogen (NH4-N) and phosphate phosphorus (PO4-P) were measured by an automatic analyzer. The flux showed similar range with the values investigated in 1986. The results suggested that the flux of nutrients from bottom sediments in the inner part of Osaka Bay has not decreased during summer season at least since 1985. Therefore, the contribution of release from bottom sediment on the nutrients budget would relatively become larger in inner part of Osaka Bay.
SEASONAL VARIATION OF TRANSPORTATION OF ASARI CLAM, RUDITAPES PHILIPPINARUM, LARVAE IN HIROSHIMA BAY
Authors: Takahashi Satoru , Takahashi Satoru , Hamaguchi Masami , Hamaguchi Masami
Published: June 2018

Hiroshima Bay is located in western part of the Seto Inland Sea, and there is high productivity of Asari clam. However, the landings amount of the clam was rapidly decreased and production areas came to be limited in the northern part (bay head). Here, the clam has the planktonic larval stage. Then, it is important to reveal the transportation process of larvae to clarify the habitat connectivity of the clam. Therefore, in this study, we try to clarify the transportation process of the clam larvae in the Hiroshima Bay by numerical model experiments. As a result of model experiments, in June (rainy and heating season), the larvae are transported to southward in western area of Hiroshima Bay. In November (dry and cooling season), distribution of larvae is limited in the northern area of Hiroshima Bay. These results are corresponding to the field observation results. In the Seto Inland Sea, it is said that there is spawning time of the clam twice a year (spring and autumn). However, in a recent Hiroshima Bay, the density of the larva in spring is very low than that in autumn. These facts suggest that the production of the clam is limited in the northern area of Hiroshima Bay because the density of the larva is low in spring when the larvae can extend to the south.
NEW APPROACH TO COASTAL ZONE VULNERABILITY CLASSIFICATION
Authors: Shtremel Margarita , Shtremel Margarita
Published: June 2018

New approach of assessment of coastal zone vulnerability to wave action, based on nonlinear properties of wave transformation, is presented on example of Anapa bay-bar coasts.
THE APPLICATION FEATURES AN INTEGRATED ASSESSMENT METHOD FOR THE ANALYSIS OF TOURIST AND RECREATIONAL CAPACITY ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE MUNICIPALITY OF TUAPSINSKY DISTRICT
Authors: Arakelov Mikael , Arakelov Mikael , Arakelov Arthur , Arakelov Arthur
Published: June 2018

Tourism is one of the most dynamically developing branches of economy in the Russian Federation in general and on the Black Sea coast in particular, in this regard, the assessment of tourism potential is one of the most important tasks of regional management.
NUTRIENT DYNAMICS IN EELGRASS (ZOSTERA MARINA) MEADOW AND THE VARIATION OF NUTRIENT CONTENTS OF EELGRASS
Authors: Asahi Toshimasa , Asahi Toshimasa , Ichimi Kazuhiko , Ichimi Kazuhiko , Tada Kuninao , Tada Kuninao
Published: June 2018

Nutrient dynamics in seagrass beds and nutrient demands of seagrass biomass are not clear, although nutrient uptake of seagrass has been experimentally studied in the laboratory. We conducted the field observations and the bottom sediment core incubations to estimate nutrient fluxes in the seagrass, Zostera marina meadow. DIN (nitrate, nitrite and ammonium) concentrations were always low particularly during the Z. marina growing season (from spring to summer), and water exchanges caused by tidal currents hardly supplied nutrient demand for Z. marina. Sediment pore water also supplied insufficient nutrients to Z. marina, because pore water had less volume than the water column, although DIN concentrations of pore water were 10-100 fold higher than those of the water column. Nutrient flux from sediment to water column estimated by the sediment core incubation experiments showed a similar rate with tidal water exchange. Thus, our results suggested that Z. marina adapted for low nutrient concentrations and each nutrient source in the Z. marina meadow slightly contributed but could not support Z. marina growth. We found that another nutrient source, for example, precipitation, supplied high DIN to the Z. marina meadow. After rainfall, the DIN concentration of seawater in the Z. marina meadow increased 2-5 times higher. Moreover, nitrogen content of eelgrass also increased 2-3 times higher during several days. Those results suggested that Z. marina was usually exposed to a low nutrient concentration but could uptake abundant nutrients from temporary nutrient supplies such as precipitation.
leeward eddy shedding, numerical simulation, Burger and Kibel-Rossby numbers
Authors: Zhurbas Victor , Zhurbas Victor , Kuzmina Natalia , Kuzmina Natalia , Lyzhkov Dmitry , Lyzhkov Dmitry
Published: June 2018

It is shown that the process of eddy formation behind a coastal cape-like obstacle essentially depends on the method of generating the longshore current. Numerical simulations of the flow around a cape generated by transient longshore wind reveal different modes of eddy formation in rotating stratified environment depending on dimensionless parameters such as the Burger and Kibel-Rossby numbers, Bu and Ro, respectively. At Ro<0.6 depending on the magnitude of Bu either trapped anticyclonic or cyclonic eddy at Bu<0.2 or periodic eddy shedding at Bu>0.2 is realized. The eddies are weakened and stretched along the coastline at 0.4–0.61.4.
CHRONOLOGY OF CONTEMPORARY SEDIMENTATION AND POLLUTANTS ACCUMULATION IN THE BOTTOM SEDIMENTS OF THE SEA OF AZOV
Authors: Kuznetsov Andrey , Kuznetsov Andrey , Fedorov Yury , Fedorov Yury , Fattal Paul , Fattal Paul
Published: June 2018

Bottom sediments formed in the water bodies under the technogenic impact are important environmental factors affecting water quality and hydrobiota. Usually they consist of natural and technogenic material and differ from natural formations by their morphology, chemical and lithological composition, physicochemical and biochemical properties. In the present paper we use the term “sediment layer of anthropogenic impact” to define the sediment layer containing technogenic material and/or chemical pollutants. The determination of its location in the sediment cores, its thickness and accumulation chronology is an important scientific problem. In the paper the results of layer by layer study of Cs-137, Am-241, Pb-210 specific activities as well as concentrations of petroleum components, lead and mercury in 48 sediment cores of the Sea of Azov and the Don River are examined. The sediment core layers are dated by radiological methods. In all the sediment cores the peak of Cs-137 specific activity related to the Chernobyl accident was detected. In the Sea of Azov, this peak is located in the upper sediment layer up to 10 cm thick, however, in the delta and in the near-delta part of the Don River, where the sedimentation rates are more important, it is found at 20 to 40 cm depth. Also in certain sediment cores the second peak of Cs-137 related to the global nuclear fallout of the 1960s was found. The most of petroleum components, lead and mercury quantities are concentrated in the upper sediment layer formed in the last 50 to 70 years, i.e. in the period of the most important anthropogenic pressure. So, this complex approach based on the data on the vertical distribution of technogenic radionuclides and common pollutants in the sediment cores made it possible to identify and delineate the sediment layer of high anthropogenic impact as well as to assess the duration of this impact.
ASSESSMENT OF THE SPATIOTEMPORAL DYNAMICS OF THE MACROPHYTE THICKET ECOSYSTEMS IN THE NEVA BAY AND THE ADJACENT WATERS OF THE EASTERN GULF OF FINLAND
Authors: Maksimova Ekaterina , Maksimova Ekaterina , Zhigulsky Vladimir , Zhigulsky Vladimir , Shuisky Vladimir , Shuisky Vladimir
Published: June 2018

The macrophyte thicket ecosystems of higher aquatic vegetation in the Neva Bay (NB) and Eastern Gulf of Finland (EGoF) perform many important roles, including acting as the habitats, nesting sites and migration sites for aquatic and semi-aquatic birds, creating the specific conditions necessary for the spawning and growth of many species of fish, and taking part in the self-purification of the aquatic ecosystems. Many anthropogenic disturbances, hydraulic works in particular, have a significant negative impact on these macrophyte thicket ecosystems. In recent years, the active growth of a new type of macrophyte thicket has been observed in the NB. This is due to the aftereffects of the construction of the Saint Petersburg Flood Prevention Facility Complex (FPFC). It is quite likely that the total macrophyte thicket area in these waters is currently increasing. In the future, it will be necessary to assess the environmental impacts of the hydraulic works on the macrophyte thicket of the NB and EGoF, taking into account the background processes of the spatiotemporal dynamics of the reed beds in the waters in question. To do this, it will be necessary to carry out a comprehensive study of these ecosystems and identify patterns in their spatial and temporal dynamics. The program of the study has been developed and is currently being implemented by Eco-Express-Service, a St. Petersburg eco-design company.
ON COASTAL - OPEN SEA DYNAMIC INTERACTIONS DEFINING PRODUCTIVITY AND ECOLOGY OF SHELF AND ADJACENT TO SHELF WATERS
Authors: Navrotsky Vadim , Navrotsky Vadim
Published: June 2018

It is known that considerable part of living matter in the ocean falls out of biological cycle irretrievably by way of sedimentation. It means that quasi-stationary state of oceanic ecosystems is possible only with supply of mineral and organic matter from land. That supply, which includes also contaminating matter, takes place mainly in near-shore regions, concentrates in bottom boundary layers, and is transferred to the open sea via shelves by means of horizontal and vertical mixing. Effective mixing in shelves is carried out by small-scale processes, which are considerably fed by energy of large-scale processes from out-of-shelf regions. The main objective of our paper is to identify mechanisms of energy transfer from large to small-scale motions and from open sea to near-shore areas. Our experiments and observations in the shelf zone of the Sea of Japan revealed important specific features in stratified bottom boundary layers: 1) Temporal intermittence of internal waves (IW) in near-bottom layers and their transformation into sequences of stratified boluses moving in non-stratified medium. 2) Extremely high horizontal and vertical velocities in the near-bottom layers. 3) Considerable power fluctuations caused by correlated fluctuations of near-bottom pressure and velocity. 4) Non-monotonic vertical structure of temperature and velocity leading to possibility of simultaneous existing of IW breaking and secondary generation of high-frequency IW by turbulence in layers with high curvature of velocity profiles. Taking into account satellite observations of high correlation between chlorophyll-a concentration in coastal and in out-of-shelf waters, as well as dispersion relations for different types of internal waves and results of our field experiments we suggest that interconnection of biological parameters in coastal and in open sea waters is exercised substantially by gravitational and inertial internal waves generated by tides and eddies in the region of continental slope near the shelf boundary.
CARBONATE SYSTEM TRANSFORMATION IN THE SEVASTOPOL BAY (THE BLACK SEA)
Authors: Orekhova Natalia , Orekhova Natalia , Medvedev Eugene , Medvedev Eugene , Konovalov Sergey , Konovalov Sergey
Published: June 2018

A 20% increase of the carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere during the last century and a dramatic increase in nutrient load to marine systems due to human activity have resulted in pronounced carbon cycle transformation in coastal areas. Acidification and carbon dioxide increasing in the water column and appearance of oxygen minimum zones are reported for the worldwide coast. This makes ecological assessment of aquatic systems, including key cycles of elements, an important social and scientific task. In this study, we present information on the inorganic part of the carbon cycle and its transformation in the Sevastopol Bay (the Black Sea). This semi-enclosed coastal area has been under heavy anthropogenic pressure over the last century. Municipal and industrial sewage discharge, maritime activities, including excavation of bottom sediments, provide additional sources of nutrients and organic carbon. We present data on dynamics of the inorganic part of the carbon cycle from 1998 – 2015. Values of pH and total alkalinity were obtained analytically, whereas CO2, HCO3-, CO32- concentrations and pCO2 values were calculated. Dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and its partitioning into CO2, HCO3-, CO32- demonstrate the state of the carbon cycle and its evolution. Our observations reveal up to 2% increase of DIC from 1998 – 2015, but the value of pCO2 has increased by up to 20% in line with declining pH (acidification). Seasonal variations are far more pronounced and reveal extremes for areas of oxygen minimum zones. This results in negative consequences for the ecosystem, but these consequences for the Sevastopol Bay’s ecosystem remain reversible and the carbonate system can be restored to its natural state.