bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Operational management of a fitness club
Authors:   The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy  and  Public  Administration,  the  Far-Eastern  institute of management – branch  of  RANEPA, Blinova T. N. , Khakimov T. S. ,   The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, the  Far-Eastern  institute of management – branch of RANEPA
Published: October 2024

Fitness center managers in Russia and the Far East, as well as the managers of organizations in other areas, face the problem of ineffective operations. Regional features such as remoteness, cultural diversity, and climatic conditions can affect the competitiveness of fitness services. Solutions to the problem can lie in the internal environment of the organization, including improving the management system and the activity planning system. In most Russian organizations, and fitness centers are no exception, tactical planning and the control and motivation of activities tied to it are carried out over relatively long time periods: a month, a quarter, a half-year, a year. However, in the conditions of the Far East, where a rapidly changing economic and social situation requires flexibility, the relevance of shorter-term planning increases. In the article, the authors present the results of testing the weekly operational management system in the activities of fitness centers in Russia. In particular, it is shown that it allows fitness industry organizations to expand their client base, increase sales revenue, and ensure an increase in salaries for employees responsible for sales. The findings may be of interest to managers of fitness centers in Russia and the Far East, in particular, those interested in improving the efficiency of management activities.
Analysis of Patient Bed Product Quality Control with Six Sigma Method and Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) (Case Study of PT. Karya Indah Medika)
Authors: Okstevia Almiranda Shafira , Sumiati Sumiati
Published: October 2024

PT. Karya Indah Medika is a manufacturing company engaged in the production of hospital furniture. One such product is a patient bed. In each period of patient bed production, there are still defects that occur such as coating defects, dented iron, and broken wheels. The purpose of this study is to determine the percentage of defects, and the causes of defects, and to obtain the greatest risk of failure in the production process in the RPN value so that the type of failure can be determined which should be prioritized first so as soon as possible corrected and determined corrective steps to reduce product defects. The research method used is Six Sigma and Failure Mode Effect Analysis (FMEA). The Six Sigma method includes Define, Measure, Analyze and Improve which will be used to determine the percentage of defects that occur. While the FMEA method is carried out as an effort to improve quality. Based on the research calculations, the results obtained were a sigma value of 3.19σ. Based on calculations using the FMEA method, the largest RPN is obtained for coating defects, namely ink absorption that is not optimal, broken wheel defects, namely operators who are too hasty during assembly, and dented iron defects, inappropriate material quality. Advice that can be given is to control and monitor ink absorption, operators who are more careful and not in a hurry, and check the quality of raw materials before processing.
The Influence of Brand Image, Product Quality, and Price on Purchase Decisions and Repurchase Intention
Authors: Amalia Adella , Waluyo Minto
Published: October 2024

Based on data from one of the best e-commerce in Indonesia, sales of flagship smartphones with a price range of 15-18 million rupiah. This study aims to analyze the effect of brand image, product quality, and price on purchasing decisions and repurchase intentions on iPhone smartphones (studies on users of iPhone 14 in Indonesia). This study uses sampling data. In this research study, 20 indicators were used, and based on the Maximum Likelihood (ML) technique, the number of samples that had to be fulfilled was 5 x n(indicators) = 100 pieces. The hypothesis was tested using the Structural Equation Model (SEM) method using AMOS 22 software. The results of this hypothesis test will be followed by using SOAR analysis to determine marketing strategies. This study shows that brand image has a significant effect on purchasing decisions, price has a significant positive impact on buying decisions, and buying decisions have a significant positive effect on repurchasing intention of the iPhone 14 smartphone. So for the model equation, the relationship between exogenous variables and endogenous variables Y2 = 0.262 X1 + 0.413 X3 + Z4.
Analysis of Marketing Strategies to Achieve Room Occupancy Targets with the SWOT Method at Grand Tamaro Parapat Hotel
Authors: Malau Geby Hotmauli , Iriani Iriani
Published: October 2024

Hotel is one of the service businesses that can support improving the tourism industry through the facilities and infrastructure provided. The marketing strategy carried out by a hotel is very influential on the success of achieving the room occupancy target set by the hotel. Grand Tamaro Hotel is one of the hotels located in a tourism city in Indonesia, namely the city of Parapat, which is experiencing a problem of decreasing room occupancy rates, where from 2020 to 2022 Grand Tamaro Hotel cannot reach the room occupancy target that has been set. This study aims to determine the marketing strategy for achieving room occupancy targets using the SWOT method at the Grand Tamaro Hotel. This research is a quantitative study using purposive sampling technique as a sampling technique. The sample in this study were visitors who had visited the Grand Tamaro Hotel at least once with a total of 80 respondents. The results of this study indicate that the position of the Grand Tamaro Hotel is in quadrant II, namely the position of the diversification strategy with an IFAS score of 3.9 and an EFAS score of 4. This position shows that the Grand Tamaro Hotel faces several threats but has internal strengths. The strategy that must be applied during this condition is to take advantage of strengths to maximize long-term opportunities. Judging from the condition of the hotel, the strategy that can be applied is the S-T strategy which utilizes strength factors to overcome the threats at the Grand Tamaro Hotel.
Produkty regionalne jako element aktywnej polityki asortymentowej ukierunkowanej na konsumenta
Authors: Dybka Sławomir
Published: October 2024

Asortyment handlowy stanowiący zestaw towarów, uwzględniający zróżnicowane oczekiwania i potrzeby nabywców, jest jednym z podstawowych kryteriów oceny obiektu handlowego, dokonywanej przez klientów. Uwzględniając potencjalne możliwości kształtowania asortymentu, warto zwrócić uwagę nie tylko na jego szerokość, czy głębokość ale także możliwość wyróżnienia się. Szanse taką dają regionalne produkty żywnościowe, których specyfika i niepowtarzalne walory sensoryczne mogą być atutem, szczególnie dla przedsiębiorstw, które nie mogą koncentrować się na kreowaniu przewagi konkurencyjnej poprzez działania promocyjne czy politykę niskich cenowej.
Uwarunkowania rozwoju społecznej odpowiedzialności biznesu w przedsiębiorstwach spółdzielczych
Authors: Grzybek Maria , Kawa Marta
Published: October 2024

Społeczna odpowiedzialność biznesu to strategia zarządzania, zgodnie z którą przedsiębiorstwa dobrowolnie w swoich działaniach uwzględniają interesy społeczne, aspekty środowiskowe, czy relacje z różnymi grupami interesariuszy, w szczególności z pracownikami. W artykule przedstawiono korzyści wynikające ze stosowania CSR w przedsiębiorstwie, na przykładzie spółdzielni, które działając zgodnie z zasadami spółdzielczymi w znacznym stopniu realizują zasady społecznej odpowiedzialności biznesu. Wdrażanie systemu CSR przynosi nie tylko korzyści ekonomiczne, ale również korzyści dla pracowników, środowiska, otoczenia społecznego oraz przyczynia się do budowania przewagi konkurencyjnej.
Oczekiwania nabywców finalnych jako stymulator ich potencjału marketingowego
Authors: Baruk Agnieszka , Iwanicka Anna
Published: October 2024

W artykule została przedstawiona problematyka oczekiwań nabywców finalnych w kontekście stymulowania ich potencjału marketingowego. Głównym celem było zatem określenie roli oczekiwań nabywców w jego pobudzaniu. Dążąc do jego realizacji wykorzystano metodę analizy poznawczo-krytycznej literatury przedmiotu oraz metody analizy statystycznej wyników pierwotnych badań empirycznych. W artykule podkreślono m. in. konieczność spełniania rosnących oczekiwań nabywców jako cennych partnerów marketingowych, których potencjał marketingowy stanowi niezwykle ważne dopełnienie marketingowego potencjału oferenta, dzięki czemu można zbudować społeczność partnerów osiągających wymierne i niewymierne korzyści poprzez wspólne kreowanie oferty rynkowej. Zwrócono uwagę na bariery utrudniające ten proces oraz warunki, jakie muszą spełnić oferenci i nabywcy, aby stał się on rzeczywistością. Bariery te są relatywnie mniejsze w przypadku rynków wzrostowych, do których w Polsce należy rynek jagnięciny, co powinni wykorzystać jej oferenci. Niestety, jak wynika z badań, oczekiwania nabywców nie są spełnione, zwłaszcza w odniesieniu do komunikacji marketingowej, czego skutkiem jest luka marketingowa utrudniająca kształtowanie i wykorzystywanie ich potencjału marketingowego w sposób korzystny dla nich i dla oferentów.
CSR as a source of competitiveness of distribution channels
Authors: Stefańska Magdalena , Śmigielska Grażyna
Published: October 2024

The article aims to indicate CSR's contribution to building the competitive advantage of the distribution channel. The authors examine the problem with regard to the modern economy where the competition is not between individual enterprises but supply channels; also in Poland one can observe a continuing transformation of distribution channels into supply chains. The chains are also shortened - wholesalers are more and more often omitted in the process. The article contains a thesis that participants of distribution channels based on the idea of CSR provide a greater value for the end buyer. The value developed in the distribution channel is understood in accordance with M. Porter's perspective as a socio-economic value. Worth particular attention are modern distribution channels on the FMCG market in Poland, in which economically strong trading companies have a significant influence on suppliers (producers) of goods. The article is theoretical in nature although it includes examples of practice. Its outcome is explanation of mechanisms increasing the value of distribution channels based on the idea of CSR. The expected practical result is identifying areas which would encourage retailers to tighten cooperation with suppliers in distribution channels based on the idea of CSR, and indicating solutions which can be applied for this purpose.
Jakość usług współtworzona z klientem – koncepcja i wyniki badań jakościowych
Authors: Urban Wiesław
Published: October 2024

Niniejszy artykuł stawia za cel rozpoznanie specyfiki osiągania jakości usług przy uwzględnieniu ich współtworzenia z klientem. Dokonano analizy dostępnego dorobku literatury i zaproponowano koncept jakości współtworzonej usług. Przeprowadzono badanie empiryczne metodą zdarzeń krytycznych, w trakcie badania zebrano 84 pogłębionych opisów sytuacji usługowych. Badania potwierdziły zaproponowany koncept oraz wykazały relatywnie duże znaczenie w osiąganiu jakości w warunkach współtworzenia fazy związanej ze sprzedażą usługi, a także kluczową rolę otwartej i kreatywnej postawy personelu usługowego.
Preferencje konsumenta na rynku usług ekoagroturystycznych w Polsce
Authors: Keck-Wilk Małgorzata , Wilk Iwona
Published: October 2024

W realizacji idei rozwoju zrównoważonego istotnego znaczenia nabiera koncepcja turystyki zrównoważonej. Istotną formą realizacji takiej koncepcji turystyki na obszarach wiejskich jest ekoagroturystyka. Celem przeprowadzonych badań było określenie preferencji klientów w odniesieniu do kształtu oferty ekoagroturystycznej w Polsce. Badania zostały zrealizowane na próbie 128 respondentów w miesiącach lipiec-sierpień 2011 i 2012 roku z zastosowaniem metody wywiadu bezpośredniego. W świetle tych badań można stwierdzić, że ekoagroturyści oczekują możliwie największego zróżnicowania ekologicznych aspektów ich wypoczynku.
Obszary globalizacji konsumpcji w Polsce – wybrane zagadnienia
Authors: Włodarczyk Katarzyna
Published: October 2024

Jednym z czynników kształtujących współczesne zachowania konsumpcyjne jest globalizacja, prowadząca między innymi do upodobnienia się gospodarek (głównie krajów rozwiniętych), które będą wpływały na unifikację gustów nabywców i upowszechnianie się modeli konsumpcji krajów Europy Zachodniej i USA. Celem artykułu jest wskazanie obszarów rynkowych zachowań polskich konsumentów, na jakie może wpływać globalizacja, w tym szczególnie globalizacja konsumpcji. W artykule wykorzystano dostępne informacje pochodzące z publikacji GUS, Eurostatu, instytucji badawczych, takich jak: CBOS, czy też Pentor, a także wyniki autorskiego badania ankietowego. Według rozważań w artykule można zauważyć, iż polskie społeczeństwo ulega stopniowo międzynarodowym wpływom. Rośnie znaczenie Internetu, Polacy wyjeżdżają coraz częściej turystycznie i służbowo za granicę oraz rośnie znajomość języka angielskiego w polskim społeczeństwie. Ponadto struktura konsumpcji polskich konsumentów ewoluuje w kierunku struktur konsumpcji gospodarstw domowych z krajów UE-15 i USA. Polacy stali się świadomymi nabywcami, a na rynku widoczne są dwa segmenty konsumentów: nowocześni i tradycyjni, przy czym to ci pierwsi poddają się zdecydowanie bardziej wpływom globalizacji konsumpcji.
Czynniki wrażliwości gospodarek krajów Europy na szoki zewnętrzne na przykładzie skutków kryzysu 2008-2009 –analiza empiryczna
Authors: Domańska Agnieszka , Serwa Dobromił
Published: October 2024

Niniejsze opracowanie podejmuje, stosunkowo słabo opisaną w polskiej literaturze, problematykę czynników określających podatność gospodarek na wpływ zewnętrznych oddziaływań makroekonomicznych (impulsów z innych gospodarek o powiązanych rynkach, a także tzw. common shocks, tj. szoków o zasięgu międzynarodowym). W ramach zaprezentowanego tu badania empirycznego przeprowadzono analizę modelową znaczenia wybranych czynników (uwarunkowań makroekonomicznych) - określonych przez odpowiednio dobrane wskaźniki – w kreowaniu podatności krajów Europy na skutki kryzysu globalnego 2008-2009. Analiza tej problematyki istotna jest w kontekście ogólnej odpowiedzi na pytanie, jakie czynniki makroekonomiczne decydują o wrażliwości gospodarek na skutki kryzysów międzynarodowych. Pośrednio wskazuje też, jakie są uwarunkowania sprzyjające zdolności krajów do szybkiego sprostania skutkom recesji globalnych, a więc czyniące je w okresie pokryzysowym „silniejszymi” na rynku międzynarodowym, tj. bardziej odpornymi na negatywne szoki zewnętrzne.
Comparison of different scoring systems as predictors of the severity of leptospirosis
Authors: Djukic Tijana , Pete Maria , Zigic Diamela , Bulovic Aleksandra , Prastalo Danijela , Lendak Dajana
Published: October 2024

Introduction. Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease in which 10% of patients
develop a severe form that leads to multiorgan dysfunction. Therefore, early
identification of high-risk patients is crucial. Existing scoring systems,
along with newer ones, can aid in this identification. The study aims to
compare the effectiveness of various scoring systems as predictors of severe
leptospirosis. Material and Methods. This retrospective study included 45
patients, divided into two groups: those with a mild form of the disease and
those with a severe form requiring intensive treatment. Demographic,
clinical and laboratory parameters were compared between the groups. The
scoring systems were evaluated for their effectiveness as predictors of the
severity of the clinical presentation. Results. Eleven patients (24.4%)
developed a severe form of leptospirosis. These patients exhibited
significantly higher levels of urea (p=0.001), creatinine (p=0.007), total
(p=0.009) and direct bilirubin (p=0.006), and lower levels of hemoglobin
(p=0.00) and hematocrit (p=0.00). The Sequential Organ Failure Assessment
score emerged as the most statistically significant predictor of severe
leptospirosis. Conclusion. While The Sequential Organ Failure Assessment
score proved to be the best predictor of the severity of the clinical
presentation, the QuickLepto score and the scoring system that includes
three criteria - hypotension, oliguria and respiratory abnormalities - also
have their practical significance. These symptoms are based on clinical
criteria that can be assessed upon admission.
Navigating Coercive Control in Organizations: A Study on Employee Responses and Outcomes
Authors: Burney Laurie L. , Radtke Robin R. , Widener Sally K.
Published: October 2024

The literature shows that organizations may use control mechanisms in both coercive and enabling ways to manage efficiency and flexibility. However, the predominant view assumes that the use of coercive control negatively affects employees. Thus, this study aims to provide empirical evidence regarding how employees respond to the use of coercive control. We draw on social exchange theory to hypothesize that the use of coercive control will manifest in higher turnover intentions and lower employee performance as employees engage in organizational cynicism. Using survey data from 899 employees, we find evidence consistent with our hypotheses. Practically, our results suggest that firms should carefully consider whether the use of coercive control is worth the cost of increased employee cynicism. Supplemental analysis reveals that decentralization and participation in control system design are two mechanisms that firms can use to mitigate the effects of cynicism associated with the use of coercive control.

Data Availability: The data are available from the authors upon request.
Accounting Firm Organization Structure and Audit Risk Management: Evidence from Chinese Domestic Accounting Firms
Authors: Chen Li , Fan Wenhao , Wu Yumei , Zhou Haiyan
Published: October 2024

Accounting firms play an important role in improving the quality of accounting information and reducing information symmetry risk in capital markets. In this paper, we argue that organizational structure and relevant internal management can affect audit quality and audit risks. We identify three main types of structure in accounting firms: mango-type structure (completely centralized control), banana-type structure (completely decentralized control), and olive-type structure (moderately decentralized control). We manually collect the organizational structure information of domestic accounting firms in China from 2013 to 2019. We find that olive-type firms can manage audit risks in a better manner, as such firms are more likely to issue nonstandard audit opinions and charge higher audit fees based on client audit risks. Our findings would contribute to audit culture and climate literature regarding what changes in control climate can be implemented to influence auditor behavior and improve audit quality.

Data Availability: Data are collected from public sources and websites of accounting firms.

JEL Classifications: M42; M48; L22; G32; G34.
Layers of Auditor Industry Specialization: Evidence from Client Firms’ Investment Efficiency
Authors: Choy Helen , Lin James Juichia , Yeh Yin-Hua
Published: October 2024

We examine the influence of different layers of auditor industry specialization on client firms’ investment efficiency. We differentiate between industry specialization at the firm and partner levels, and joint specialization (i.e., at both firm and partner levels combined). Using observations from Taiwan between 1998 and 2017, we observe a positive association between joint specialization and client investment efficiency. Specialization at the firm or partner levels alone does not improve investment efficiency. In addition, client firm performance is positively associated with joint specialization. Auditors charge a premium for the firm- and joint-level specialization.

Data Availability: Data are available from the public sources cited in the text.

JEL Classifications: M40; M42.
The Effect of Heat Tracing Installation for Wax Prevention on Onshore Buried Swampy Pipelines
Authors: Santoso Samuel Bagas Wahyu , Sommeng Andy Noorsaman , Dianita Cindy
Published: October 2024

Transporting crude oil using pipelines is a widely adopted method globally. In one segment owned by PT. XYZ, especially in swampy areas, the fluid temperature tends to drop below the wax appearance temperature (WAT) during oil transportation. This is due to the relatively low temperature in swamp areas caused by heat loss to the environment. The solubility of paraffin in crude oil drastically decreases as fluid temperature drops, causing wax molecules to precipitate and deposit on the cold pipe walls. PT. XYZ employs chemical treatment by adding a pour point depressant (PPD) to lower the pour point temperature (PPT). However, PPD is effective only at certain temperatures, necessitating a study for alternative treatments. Another method involves installing heaters on the pipeline to reduce the viscosity of transported crude oil and enhance its flowability, either through direct heating or heat tracing using insulation with low thermal conductivity. Therefore, in PT. XYZ's case, an analysis is required to identify locations where fluid temperature decreases occur to ensure precise heater installation. Various software tools, including OLGA, have been developed to predict and describe wax deposition phenomena and temperature decreases along the pipeline. OLGA software can simulate locations of fluid temperature decreases in the pipeline, estimate heat loss along the pipeline, and simulate heat tracing technologies to prevent wax deposition. Simulation results indicate that wax deposition can be prevented by installing skin effect heat tracing with a heating power of 15 W/m and insulated with 2-inch aerogel, maintaining the oil temperature downstream at 157.34°F, well above the desired 115°F threshold.
Librarian Representation in the Film Summer Strike 2022
Authors: Putri Ida Agusyah
Published: October 2024

This article discusses the depiction of the film Summer Strike which shows the librarian profession. The aim of the research is to determine the professional competence of librarians and the personal competence of librarians depicted in the film Summer Strike. This research uses a qualitative descriptive research type with Roland Barthes' semiotic study approach by revealing denotative, connotative and mystical levels of meaning. The results of the research illustrate the representation of the professional competence of librarians depicted in the film Summer Strike as librarians who are skilled and expert in caring for libraries and their contents including selection, processing of library materials, preservation, and expertise in the field of technology. The Summer Strike film also explains librarians' knowledge of the contents of papers and librarians can channel their knowledge to readers so that librarians can be said to be intellectual actors. The Summer Strike film shows that librarians are not only experts in the field of library science, but can also research expertise in other fields. The representation of personal competence depicted in the film Summer Strike is the personality of a librarian who is too closed. This does not reflect the basic attitude of librarians in implementing the code of ethics. The librarians in this film also quickly realized and improved their librarian service attitudes so that the image of librarians was positive. The Summer Strike film also depicts librarians' attentive and caring attitude towards library users and materials. Keywords:Librarian, Librarian Competency; Roland  Barthes Semiotics, Representation
Pollen viability and in vitro pollen germination in chrysanthemum (Dendranthema x grandiflora Tzvelv.)
Authors: Sunny Dr. Sunil Kumar , Kumar Rajiv , P. E. Rajasekharan , M.V. Dhananjaya
Published: October 2024

Chrysanthemum (Dendranthema x grandiflora Tzvelv.), is one of the commercially grown flower crops worldwide, valued for its cut flower, loose flower, pot mums, bedding etc. To overcome the challenges for cross breeding in chrysanthemum, the access to viable pollen, cultivar distant in location and difference in flowering, are required. Low pollen viability along with self-incompatibility are mainly responsible for low seed set in modern chrysanthemum cultivars. In the present study, pollen viability was tested by staining pollen with Alexander staining solution and examined under light microscope (20X). In vitro pollen germination was investigated in 10 chrysanthemum genotypes with different concentrations of sucrose (0, 5%, 10%, and 15%), PEG4000 (0, 10%, 20% and 30%) and their combination, as basal medium. Significant differences were observed among genotypes with respect to pollen viability, which was recorded highest in Red Stone (95.02%) followed by IIHR6-26 (88.20%), IIHR9-3 (87.44%), Sweta Singar (85.59%), Kalpana (79.97%), IIHR2-7 (73.50%), and White Andaman (64.14%), while, lowest pollen viability was recorded in IIHR6-29 (49.55%). Negligible in vitro pollen germination was observed among the genotypes when sucrose was used as pollen germination medium. However, highest germinability of pollen was recorded at 20% PEG4000 in IIHR9-3 (43.57%) followed by Kalpana (19.43%) and IIHR6-29 (19.34%). The best media for in vitro pollen germination was 15% sucrose + 30% PEG. Irrespective of different media combination, the genotypes namely, IIHR9-3, IIHR2-7 and IIHR6-26 showed better in vitro pollen germination. These results provide a valuable background to theconventional breeding to create hybrids through cross-pollination.
The impact of inspirational leadership on the individual ambidexterity of employee at tourism companies in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam: investigating the mediating roles of knowledge sharing
Authors: Kien Dang Trung , Trang Nguyen Thi Mai , Quyen Phan Dinh , Tri Ho Thanh
Published: October 2024

This study explores the relationship between inspirational leadership and individual ambidexterity. This relationship is also tested through the mediating role of knowledge sharing. Analysis results from 250 employees working directly with customers in the tourism sector through the linear structural model SEM shows that inspirational leadership positively affects frontline employees’ ambidexterity. The mediating role of knowledge sharing between relationships of inspirational leadership and individual ambidexterity positively impacts employees’s ambidexterity. The research results also clearly show that knowledge-sharing influences the increase of individual ambidexterity; employees with good knowledge-sharing abilities will help them increase exploitative and exploratory behavior, thereby increasing.
Marketing digital en microempresas de servicios alimentarios. Beneficios, intención de uso y la nula moderación de la formalidad
Authors: González-Compeán Raziel Onan , Rangel-Lyne Lucirene , Ochoa-Hernández Magda Lizet
Published: October 2024

Objetivo: analizar si los beneficios percibidos de las estrategias del marketing digital tienen un efecto en la intención de su uso prolongado y explorar si la formalidad es una variable que condiciona tal relación. Metodología: cuantitativa de alcance explicativo o causal de corte transversal a través de encuestas cara a cara a 67 dueños y encargados de micronegocios. Con la información recabada se llevó a cabo un análisis estadístico de regresión con moderación. Resultados: se comprueba la percepción de los múltiples beneficios de las estrategias de marketing digital para las microempresas y su efecto positivo en la intención de uso y adquisición de mayores esfuerzos, pero la moderación de la variable formalidad no fue significativa. Limitaciones: el tamaño de la muestra debido a la renuencia por parte de los gerentes o propietarios de los micronegocios a dar respuesta a la encuesta. Conclusiones: los beneficios económicos percibidos de las estrategias de marketing digital son más altos en las microempresas formales y la formalidad propicia el uso de este tipo de estrategias en una mayor manera que su contraparte informal; pero la formalidad no es una condicionante para percibir los beneficios y adoptar más estrategias de marketing digital en un futuro para ninguna de las dos tipologías de microempresas de este sector, abriendo nuevas líneas de investigación al respecto.
INVESTIGATION OF THE IMPACT OF CHEMICAL AGENTS AND SUBSTRATES ON THE STABILITY OF THERMOCHROMIC PRINTING INKS
Authors:   University of Zagreb Faculty of Graphic Arts, Zagreb, Croatia, Kulčar Rahela , Kračun Ivona ,   University of Zagreb Faculty of Graphic Arts, Zagreb, Croatia, Vukoje Marina ,   University of Zagreb Faculty of Graphic Arts, Zagreb, Croatia, Itrić Ivanda Katarina ,   University of Zagreb Faculty of Graphic Arts, Zagreb, Croatia, Cigula Tomislav ,   University of Zagreb Faculty of Graphic Arts, Zagreb, Croatia
Published: October 2024

This research aims to analyse the chemical stability of thermochromic (TC) prints to determine which substances affect the TC effect and which parameters contribute to their better stability. Two different types of paper were chosen: synthetic and bulky, each distinguished by its unique chemical composition and absorbency characteristics. This study employed two TC inks based on leuco dyes—a 45°C activation temperature offset TC ink and a 31°C activation temperature TC screen printing ink. The offset TC printing ink dries through oxidative polymerisation, whereas the screen printing TC ink dries using UV radiation. Following printing, the samples underwent a chemical stability test in accordance with the ISO 2836 standard by employing water, ethanol, oil, and alkali. From the obtained results, we can conclude that the printing substrate significantly affects the stability of the TC ink. Samples printed on bulky paper were found to be less stable compared to those printed on synthetic paper. The paper's structure enables bulky paper to absorb more ink and chemicals, thereby accelerating the degradation of the TC ink. The greatest impact on the TC ink was shown by samples exposed to alkali printed with offset TC ink, while a slightly lesser impact was observed on samples printed with screen printing TC ink and exposed to oil and ethanol. UV TC inks require special drying conditions and drying units, while TC inks that dry by oxidative polymerization require an adequate air source and fewer conditions, making them cheaper. All these parameters ultimately define the cost of the product itself and the profitability of the entire printing process. The results of this study show that it is necessary to consider the type and purpose of the product itself and accordingly choose the appropriate TC ink and substrate for printing.)
DIFFERENT METHODS FOR PRODUCING COLOR REPRODUCTIONS ON 3D PRINTED OBJECTS
Authors:   Faculty of Natural Sciences and Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia, Pivar Matej , Brce Jon ,   Faculty of Natural Sciences and Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia, Muck Deja ,   Faculty of Natural Sciences and Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
Published: October 2024

This article presents two methods of colour printing on programmable 3D structures and their use for practical applications in everyday life. The colour printing was done by direct printing with a flatbed UV inkjet printer and indirect printing by thermally transferring the electrophotographic toner to the 3D printed object produced with the most widely used and affordable material extrusion 3D printing technology. The print quality of the colour reproductions was determined by basic densitometric and spectrophotometric measurements, ink adhesion analysis and image analysis of the printed graphic elements. The research was also extended to the field of 4D printing, where 3D printed objects with flat geometry can be subsequently transformed when exposed to a suitable activation medium. In this case, the direct printing process was used for colour printing, as it allows printing on both sides of the programmable 3D structures compared to the indirect printing process. The advantage of colour printing on a programmed 3D structure is that the flat geometry can be easily printed with colour graphics on the entire surface and later transformed into a new 3D object shape, whereas conventional 3D objects cannot be printed in very inaccessible places due to their geometry. These methods, which use direct or indirect printing techniques to create coloured reproductions on 3D-printed objects, enable the personalisation and aesthetic enhancement of products and can also provide additional interactivity if, for example, QR codes or RFID tags are included. The research focuses on the production of colour-printed smart objects for consumer products
DIGITIZATION OF TYPOGRAPHIC CULTURAL HERITAGE AND ITS APPLICATION IN INTERACTIVE WEB PRESENTATION
Authors:   University of Zagreb Faculty of Graphic Arts, Zagreb, Croatia, Ramljak Luka , Čurić Sara ,   University of Novi Sad Academy of Arts, Novi Sad , Serbia, Turčić Maja ,   University of Applied Sciences, Zagreb, Croatia, Hudika Tomislav ,   University of Novi Sad Academy of Arts, Novi Sad , Serbia, Rudolf Maja ,   University of Zagreb Faculty of Graphic Arts, Zagreb, Croatia
Published: October 2024

Much of the literature on history and cultural heritage is available exclusively in physical (printed) form. The traditional approach towards education still values this type of media more than digital methods of learning and information distribution. This often takes place in communities where people have difficulty accessing this information. Digitization can contribute to solving the problem of accessibility and general interest. This paper discusses the issues of cultural preservation and technical knowledge necessary for the implementation of cultural heritage in modern multimedia. Examples selected for this paper include typical monuments and a writing system from the 14th to 16th century from the area of Bosnia and Herzegovina, specifically the culture of “stećak” (tombstone) and the alphabet called “Bosančica”. The paper explores the possibilities of using widely available programs and tools for the promotion of cultural heritage in the digital world integrated in the form of a website. Through several examples, various tools were used to digitize the most prominent characteristics of these monuments: their writing, iconography and relief. The material was used to assemble an interactive educational web platform. Unlike traditional sources, the digital resources reproduced on the website visually complement the textual information and thus complete the learning experience. Fonts and illustrations are presented together with historically relevant contextual information, thus enhancing the learning experience. Together with a special transliterator that was made to directly translate user input text (in Latin alphabet) to "Bosančica" writing, it allows for a personalized and interactive experience.
IMPLEMENTATION OF 3D GRAPHICS ON THE WEB – A CASE STUDY OF EXPERIENCE DEVELOPMENT, OPTIMISATION AND QUALITATIVE EVALUATION
Authors:   ", Vrhovnik Blaž ,   University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Engineering, Department of Textiles, Graphic Arts and Design", Gabrijelčič Tomc Helena ,   "University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Engineering, Department of Textiles, Graphic Arts and Design"
Published: October 2024

The aim of the study was to develop a website with the main functionality of an interactive three- dimensional (3D) viewer. In the theoretical part, we present a brief overview of content management services (CMS) and their limitations; definition of usability and user experience (UX) with an explanation of the basic components of UX and the theoretical background of the User Experience Questionnaire (UEQ). The experimental part consists of the entire process that was used in the development of the website. We created the concept and design for the graphic identity of the website and developed the information architecture, defined basic and additional functions, created a low-fidelity wireframe and a high-fidelity prototype design. We developed the 3D viewer using open-source software model viewer, prepared and optimised the 3D models for the 3D view (Figure 1), followed by the rendering phase in Blender. We developed the final version of the desktop-first website and designed and developed mobile and tablet versions. Testing included qualitative usability testing using the User Experience Questionnaire (UEQ) and open-ended questions, followed by analysis of the results on three areas of usability (attractiveness, practical quality and hedonic quality). The results of the analysis served as guidelines for improving the current functionalities in terms of UX and technical aspects (with technical limitations). The results showed that creating a modern website that emphasises an interactive 3D model with a CMS platform is an extremely complex project that encompasses many areas. According to the UEQ test criteria, the final online solution scored above average in terms of practicality and attractiveness. The results also show the importance of iterative testing and website upgrades based on the results of the test analyses.
ANALYSIS OF SELF-REGULATED LEARNING APPLICATIONS BASED ON VISUAL APPEARANCE AND FREQUENCY OF USE
Authors:   ", Toure Marija ,   University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Engineering, Department of Textiles, Graphic Arts and Design", Gabrijelčič Tomc Helena ,   "University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Engineering, Department of Textiles, Graphic Arts and Design", Možina Klementina ,   "University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Engineering, Department of Textiles, Graphic Arts and Design"
Published: October 2024

The choice of the appropriate visual design for each mobile application has a significant impact on the perception of information. This is also of the utmost importance when acquiring or communicating educational content. In the field of e-learning, there is an increasing number of mobile applications that enable efficient teaching and learning. Our study analyses different applications for e-learning that are frequently used by Slovenian high school students. Based on a literature review, an introduction to the field of application design is given and criteria that influence the selection of appropriate graphical elements when creating an application in general are presented. With the survey, we compared the five most widely used applications for self-directed learning on the basis of their visual design. Our aim was to collect data on the effectiveness of the graphic elements that influence the choice of an application and to identify students’ habits in terms of self-regulated learning (type of tool used, learning time, learning circumstances). In addition, the learning habits of students from a suburb were compared with students who live in the city. Based on the data collected, we provide guidelines for selecting the most appropriate graphic elements for designing an effective application as a learning and teaching tool. The research showed differences in the use of applications for learning or entertainment depending on the type of school the students attend (vocational, secondary school and high school students). The study also determined how much time per day students use digital tools for learning or entertainment and, more importantly, which media. Another important finding was that students still mainly rely on traditional learning methods, i.e. textbooks and notebooks, to complete their homework for school. Differences in the popularity of applications between suburban and urban students were found in only two of the five applications analysed.
IMPLEMENTING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN THE PACKAGING DESIGN FOR THE TASTE IMPRESSION
Authors:   ", Vladić Gojko ,   Faculty of Technical Sciences, Department of Graphic Engineering and Design, Novi Sad, Serbia", Jovanović Dejana ,   "Faculty of Technical Sciences, Department of Graphic Engineering and Design, Novi Sad, Serbia", Bošnjaković Gordana ,   "Faculty of Technical Sciences, Department of Graphic Engineering and Design, Novi Sad, Serbia", Gvoka Teodora ,   "Faculty of Technical Sciences, Department of Graphic Engineering and Design, Novi Sad, Serbia"
Published: October 2024

This study examines the ability of the artificial intelligence (AI) generator to create packaging with taste impression. Influence of packaging design on taste impressions is well researched and achieved through transfer effects of symbolic associations from the visually perceived packaging to the products taste. The experiment was conducted by generating packaging designs with gradation in the strength of taste by AI image generator. This was done for sweet, sour, bitter, salty taste and feeling of hotness for spicy food. Afterwards participants were asked to grade packaging designs on their perception of the presumed product taste. Results indicate that AI image generator was able to generate packaging designs with recognizable strength of taste, although limited, as fine gradation of the presumed taste perception was not achieved.
THE INFLUENCE OF AUTHORSHIP INFORMATION ON THE PERCEPTION OF GRAPHIC MEDIA MESSAGES
Authors:   University of Zagreb Faculty of Graphic Arts, Zagreb, Croatia, Mustić Daria , Varga Vanesa ,   University of Zagreb Faculty of Croatian Studies, Zagreb, Croatia
Published: October 2024

At a time of increasing use of artificial intelligence (AI) in the design and shaping of media messages, it is important to understand how people perceive messages shaped by artificial intelligence compared to those created without the help of artificial intelligence. This article investigates whether authorship information (AI vs. designer) affects the perception and evaluation of graphic messages. The goal of the research is to determine whether information about authorship can become part of a communication strategy that achieves a better connection with the content and can have a marketing value that contributes to shaping the desired image. An experimental study was conducted with randomly selected participants, divided into two groups. The first group rated graphic messages that were told they were designed by an AI, while the second group rated the same messages with the information that they were designed by designers without the help of AI. Questionnaires with a Likert scale were used to assess aesthetic value, creativity and overall impression. The results of the research are presented through descriptive and inferential statistics to understand the perception of the participants. The research results provide a basis for further research and practical applications in design practice and marketing communication, with the aim of optimizing the use of AI technology in design
DIGITAL ILLUSTRATION AND ITS IMPACT ON CONSUMER PERCEPTION OF HEALTHIER FOOD PRODUCTS
Authors:   University of Zagreb, Faculty of Graphic Arts, Zagreb, Croatia, Lovrić Ema , Kovačević Dorotea ,   University of Zagreb, Faculty of Graphic Arts, Zagreb, Croatia, Brozović Maja ,   University of Zagreb, Faculty of Graphic Arts, Zagreb, Croatia
Published: October 2024

The role of packaging in influencing consumer perceptions is widely recognized within the domain of graphic communications. It is particularly effective in encouraging consumers to opt for healthier snack alternatives by incorporating visually appealing design elements, such as digital illustrations. This study employed an online survey with 116 Croatian participants with a diverse age range (18-71 years) to investigate the impact of digital illustrations on the attractiveness of packaging and product perception. Participants evaluated four different packaging samples for new healthy snack bars in two flavors using a 5-point Likert scale. The presence of digital illustrations served as the independent variable, while the packaging shape, size, composition, and typefaces were held constant. A choice task between packages with and without illustrations was also conducted. The results indicated the surprisingly infrequent consumption of this type of food product among participants. Additionally, the results on attitudes towards the importance of design suggested that the majority of respondents consider the packaging graphic design as a relevant product attribute, emphasizing its substantial impact on product perception. The implications regarding the role of digital illustrations in promoting healthier product choices were discussed, highlighting the potential benefits of deliberate packaging design in encouraging consumer preferences for healthier food options.
IMPLEMENTATION OF SHAPE AND STYLE INTO CONTENT RECOGNITION
Authors:   ", Urbas Raša ,   University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Engineering, Department of Textiles, Graphic Arts and Design, Snežniška 5, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia", Pušnik Nace ,   "Xiamen University, Institute of Creativity and Innovation, University for the Creative Arts, 300 Nanbin Avenue, 363105 Fujian, China", Vrabič-Brodnjak Urška ,   "University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Engineering, Department of Textiles, Graphic Arts and Design, Snežniška 5, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"
Published: October 2024

Humans perceive a considerable amount of information through vision, with an estimated 80-85% of environmental information being processed through our eyes. This emphasises the importance of vision for human perception and interaction. The visual system detects and interprets stimuli such as colour, brightness, contrast, shapes, movement, speed, depth and texture. This enables us to navigate our environment, interact with it and respond to it effectively. Vision is crucial for activities such as reading, driving, recognising people and objects and maintaining balance and coordination. As part of the bilateral cooperation between the Republic of Slovenia (University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Engineering) and the US state of Kansas (Wichita State University), a joint project entitled Typography World Map was initiated. One of the goals of the project was to educate students from both countries about the importance of data visualisation and information design. This collaboration emphasised the professional integration of technology and graphic arts design and showed how their synergy can enhance the presentation and understanding of complex data. Properly presented, this approach can simplify the perception of complex information, such as statistical data, by making it visually appealing and easier to understand. As part of the project, students were given pre-designed names of different US states. This paper presents the results of their assignment, which was to compile and visualise selected statistical data and key information about the assigned states in the form of an infographic. As the visualisation of key information can greatly enhance the presentation and understanding of data, we wanted to assess how well the students could apply their newly acquired skills in typography, design and graphic prepress techniques to create these infographics. The results were interesting and provided valuable insights into the importance of data visualisation and individual data presentation.