bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Artificial Intelligence Adoption and Digital Innovation: How Does Digital Resilience Act as a Mediator and Training Protocols as a Moderator?
Authors: Zeng Xiaochun , Li Suicheng , Yousaf Zahid
Published: July 2022

This study aims to discover how technology firms accomplish digital innovation through AI adoption. The current research also investigated digital resilience’s role as a mediator and training protocol’s role as a moderator between AI adoption and digital innovation links. The data collection and analysis were conducted using a quantitative method. To examine the research hypotheses, we chose technology firms that face problems regarding the enhancement of digital innovation. The findings confirmed that the digital innovation of technology firms is forecasted through AI adoption. The results proved that digital resilience plays a mediating role between AI adoption and digital innovation links. Technology firms play a key role in the advancement of digital technology. This research study adds to the existing knowledge by offering a digital innovation model with the combined influence of AI adoption, digital resilience, and training protocol. This study will be helpful for top management by showing when, why, and how AI adoption helps firms in their achievement of digital innovation. Moreover, digital resilience’s role is also important in the current digitalized world; thus, we used digital resilience as mediator in this research.
Analysis of Extreme Temperature Variations on the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau in Southwestern China over the Past 60 Years
Authors: Zhang Kexin , Luo Jiajia , Peng Jiaoting , Zhang Hongchang , Ji Yan , Wang Hong
Published: July 2022

Analysis of variations in 12 extreme temperature indices at 68 meteorological stations on the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau (YGP) in southwestern China during 1960–2019 revealed widespread significant changes in all temperature indices. The temperature of the hottest days and coldest nights show significantly increasing trends, and the frequencies of the warm days and nights also present similar trends. The temperature of the coldest night has a significant and strong warming trend (0.38 °C/decade), whereas the frequency of frost days shows the fastest decrease (1.5 days/decade). Increases in the summer days are statistically significant, while a decreasing trend for the diurnal temperature range is not significant. Furthermore, there were significant differences in the changes of temperature indices between 1960–1989 and 1990–2019. Most parts of the YGP underwent significant warning, manifesting that the mountainous regions are relatively sensitive and vulnerable to climate change. The correlation coefficients between the temperature indices and various geographical factors (latitude, longitude, and height) reflect the complexity of regional temperature variability and indicate enhanced sensitivity of extreme temperatures to geographical factors on the YGP. It was also found that extreme temperatures generally had weaker correlations with the El Nino-Southern Oscillation, North Pacific Index, Southern Oscillation Index, North Atlantic Oscillation, and East Asian Summer Monsoon Index than with the South Asian summer monsoon index, Nino4 indices and Arctic Oscillation, and there were more insignificant correlations. Regional trends of the extreme temperature indices reflect the non-uniform temperature change over the YGP, which is due to the complex interaction between atmospheric circulation patterns and local topography. The results of this study have important practical significance for mitigating the adverse effects of extreme climatic changes, in particular for the YGP with its typical karst geomorphology and fragile ecological environment.
Local Revitalization: Support from Local Residents
Authors: Guo Zi-Hong
Published: July 2022

When featured destinations are used to revitalize cities, organizers must learn about the support of local residents. Therefore, the study used the Taiping Suspension Bridge in Meishan Township, Chiayi County, Taiwan as an example to explore the positive and negative impacts of tourism (i.e., its positive impact on the economy and negative impact on the environment) on resident support for the featured destination. The study used a structured questionnaire to collect local residents’ perceptions toward the aforementioned impacts and support attitude toward tourism. A total of 600 questionnaires were distributed to the local residents with a valid return rate of 88.2%. The relationships among aforementioned variables were tested using structural equation modeling. The results revealed that the negative sociocultural and environmental impact of tourism negatively affected resident support for featured destinations. However, the positive economic impact of tourism weakened the perceived negative sociocultural and environmental impact of tourism and enhanced resident support for featured destinations. Therefore, in developing featured destinations, the positive economic impact of tourism is a crucial influencing factor in obtaining resident support. These results may serve as a reference to agencies intending to increase local revitalization through tourism development.
Forecasting the Economic Growth Impacts of Climate Change in South Africa in the 2030 and 2050 Horizons
Authors: Ngepah Nicholas , Tchuinkam Djemo Charles Raoul , Saba Charles Shaaba
Published: July 2022

In this paper, we estimate the effects of climate change by means of the systems generalised method of moments (System GMM) using panel data across South African municipalities from 1993 to 2016. We adapt the estimates to the municipal economic structures to forecast losses at the municipal level for the 2030 and 2050 horizons. The projections show that, relative to the 1995–2000 levels, South Africa’s economy would lose about 1.82 billion United States dollars (USD) on average due to climate change following the Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) of 4.5 Wm−2 radiative forcing scenario, and USD 2.306 billion following the business-as-usual (BAU) scenario by 2030. By 2050, the losses will be USD 1.9 billion and USD 2.48 billion, respectively. The results vary across municipalities depending on geographic location and sectors. Natural resources and primary sectors are the most impacted, while the economic losses are more than the gains in almost all municipalities in South Africa. This has a significant bearing on sustainable poverty reduction in South Africa through pro-poor industrialisation. The implication of the findings is discussed in the paper’s conclusion.
The Partonic Origin of Multiplicity Scaling in Heavy and Light Flavor Jets
Authors: Varga Zoltán , Vértesi Róbert
Published: July 2022

Research shows that Koba–Nielsen–Olesen (KNO)-like scaling is fulfilled inside the jets, which indicates that KNO scaling is violated by complex vacuum quantum chromodynamics (QCD) processes outside the jet development, such as single and double parton scattering or softer multiple parton interactions. In the current work, we investigated the scaling properties of heavy-flavor jets using Monte-Carlo simulations. We found that while jets from leading-order flavor-creation processes exhibit flavor-dependent patterns, heavy-flavor jets from production in parton showers follow inclusive-jet patterns. This suggests that KNO-like scaling is driven by initial hard parton production and not by processes in the later stages of the reaction.
An Artificial Bee Colony with Adaptive Competition for the Unrelated Parallel Machine Scheduling Problem with Additional Resources and Maintenance
Authors: Li Mingbo , Xiong Huan , Lei Deming
Published: July 2022

The unrelated parallel machine scheduling problem (UPMSP) is a typical production scheduling problem with certain symmetries on machines. Additional resources and preventive maintenance (PM) extensively exist on parallel machines; however, UPMSP with additional resources and PM has been scarcely investigated. Adaptive competition is also seldom implemented in the artificial bee colony algorithm for production scheduling. In this study, UPMSP with additional resources and PM is investigated, which has certain symmetries with machines. An artificial bee colony with adaptive competition (ABC-AC) is proposed to minimize the makespan. Two employed bee swarms are constructed and evaluated. In the employed bee phase, adaptive competition is used to dynamically decide two cases. The first is the shifting of search resources from the employed bee swarm with a lower evolution quality to another one, and the second is the migration of solutions from the employed bee swarm with a higher evolution quality to another one. An adaptive onlooker bee phase and a new scout phase are given. Extensive experiments are conducted on 300 instances. The computational results demonstrate that the new strategies of ABC-AC are effective, and ABC-AC provides promising results for the considered UPMSP.
The Existence and Uniqueness of Solution to Sequential Fractional Differential Equation with Affine Periodic Boundary Value Conditions
Authors: Gao Shanshan , Wu Rui , Li Cuiying
Published: July 2022

The solution to a sequential fractional differential equation with affine periodic boundary value conditions is investigated in this paper. The existence theorem of solution is established by means of the Leray–Schauder fixed point theorem and Krasnoselskii fixed point theorem. What is more, the uniqueness theorem of solution is demonstrated via Banach contraction mapping principle. In order to illustrate the main results, two examples are listed.
A Survey on Symmetrical Neural Network Architectures and Applications
Authors: Ilina Olga , Ziyadinov Vadim , Klenov Nikolay , Tereshonok Maxim
Published: July 2022

A number of modern techniques for neural network training and recognition enhancement are based on their structures’ symmetry. Such approaches demonstrate impressive results, both for recognition practice, and for understanding of data transformation processes in various feature spaces. This survey examines symmetrical neural network architectures—Siamese and triplet. Among a wide range of tasks having various mathematical formulation areas, especially effective applications of symmetrical neural network architectures are revealed. We systematize and compare different architectures of symmetrical neural networks, identify genetic relationships between significant studies of different authors’ groups, and discuss opportunities to improve the element base of such neural networks. Our survey builds bridges between a large number of isolated studies with significant practical results in the considered area of knowledge, so that the presented survey acquires additional relevance.
SGXAP: SGX-Based Authentication Protocol in IoV-Enabled Fog Computing
Authors: Wu Tsu-Yang , Guo Xinglan , Chen Yeh-Cheng , Kumari Saru , Chen Chien-Ming
Published: July 2022

With the maturity and popularization of the Internet of Things, we saw the emergence of the Internet of Vehicles. This collects and processes real-time traffic information, alleviates traffic congestion, and realizes intelligent transportation. However, sensitive information, such as real-time driving data of vehicles, are transmitted on public channels, which are easily to steal and manipulate for attackers. In addition, vehicle communications are vulnerable to malicious attacks. Therefore, it is essential to design secure and efficient protocols. Many studies have adopted asymmetric cryptosystems and fog computing to in this environment, but most of them do not reflect the advantages of fog nodes, which share the computational burden of cloud servers. Therefore, it is challenging to design a protocol that effectively uses fog nodes. In this paper, we design an authentication protocol based on a symmetric encryption algorithm and fog computing in the Internet of Vehicles. In this protocol, we first propose a four-layer architecture that significantly reduces the computational burden of cloud servers. To resist several well-known attacks, we also apply Intel software guard extensions to our protocol. This is because it can resist privileged insider attacks. We prove the security of the proposed protocol through the Real-Or-Random model and informal analysis. We also compare the performance of the proposed protocol with recent protocols. The results show better security and a lower computational cost.
Development of a Novel RT-qPCR Detecting Method of Covert Mortality Nodavirus (CMNV) for the National Proficiency Test in Molecular Detection
Authors: Wang Wei , Liu Shuang , Yao Liang , Xia Jitao , Xu Tingting , Wang Chong , Li Chen , Zhang Qingli
Published: July 2022

Covert mortality nodavirus (CMNV), the pathogen of viral covert mortality disease (VCMD), has caused serious economic losses of shrimp aquaculture in Southeast Asian countries and China in the past decade. In view of that the rapid and accurate laboratory detection of CMNV plays a major role in the effective control of the spread of VCMD. The national proficiency test (NPT) for the detection of covert mortality nodavirus (CMNV) started in China from 2021. In this study, a novel TaqMan real-time reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) detection method for CMNV with higher sensitivity than previous reports was established based on specific primers and probe designing from the conserved regions of the CMNV coat protein gene for using molecular detection of CMNV in NPT. The optimized RT-qPCR reaction program was determined as reverse transcription at 54.9 °C for 15 min and denaturation at 95 °C for 1 min, followed by 40 cycles including denaturation at 95 °C for 10 s, and annealing and extension at 54.9 °C for 25 s. The detection limit of the newly developed RT-qPCR method was determined to be as low as 2.15 copies of CMNV plasmids template per reaction, with the correlation coefficient (R2) at above 0.99. The new method showed no cross reaction with the six common aquatic animal pathogens and could be finished in one hour, which represents a rapid detection method that can save 50% detection time versus the previously reported assay. The CMNV TaqMan probe based RT-qPCR method developed in present study supplies a novel sensitive and specific tool for both the rapid diagnosing and quantitating of CMNV in NPT activities and in the farmed crustaceans, and will help practitioners in the aquaculture industry to prevent and control VCMD effectively.
Vaccine Mismatches, Viral Circulation, and Clinical Severity Patterns of Influenza B Victoria and Yamagata Infections in Brazil over the Decade 2010–2020: A Statistical and Phylogeny–Trait Analyses
Authors: Costa Jaline Cabral da , Siqueira Marilda Mendonça , Brown David , Lopes Jonathan Oliveira , Costa Braulia Caetano da , Gama Eric Lopes , Aguiar-Oliveira Maria de Lourdes
Published: July 2022

Worldwide, infections by influenza viruses are considered a major public health challenge. In this study, influenza B vaccine mismatches and clinical aspects of Victoria and Yamagata infections in Brazil were assessed. Clinical samples were collected from patients suspected of influenza infection. In addition, sociodemographic, clinical, and epidemiological information were collected by the epidemiological surveillance teams. Influenza B lineages were determined by real-time RT-PCR and/or Sanger sequencing. In addition, putative phylogeny–trait associations were assessed by using the BaTS program after phylogenetic reconstruction by a Bayesian Markov Chain Monte Carlo method (BEAST software package). Over 2010–2020, B/Victoria and B/Yamagata-like lineages co-circulated in almost all seasonal epidemics, with B/Victoria predominance in most years. Vaccine mismatches between circulating viruses and the trivalent vaccine strains occurred in five of the eleven seasons (45.5%). No significant differences were identified in clinical presentation or disease severity caused by both strains, but subjects infected by B/Victoria-like viruses were significantly younger than their B/Yamagata-like counterparts (16.7 vs. 31.4 years, p < 0.001). This study contributes to a better understanding of the circulation patterns and clinical outcomes of B/Victoria- and B/Yamagata-like lineages in Brazil and advocate for the inclusion of a quadrivalent vaccine in the scope of the Brazilian National Immunization Program.
Clinical Performance of Rapid and Point-of-Care Antigen Tests for SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Concern: A Living Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Kim Jimin , Sung Heungsup , Lee Hyukmin , Kim Jae-Seok , Shin Sue , Jeong Seri , Choi Miyoung , Lee Hyeon-Jeong ,   on behalf of the Development Committee and Clinical Evidence Research Team in National Evidence-Based Healthcare Collaborating Agency
Published: July 2022

Rapid antigen tests (RATs) for detecting severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are widely used in the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by diverse variants. Information on the real-world performance of RATs for variants is urgently needed for decision makers. Systematic searches of the available literature and updates were conducted in PubMed, Ovid-MEDLINE, Ovid-EMBASE, CENTRAL, and KMBASE for articles evaluating the accuracy of instrument-free RATs for variants up until 14 March 2022. A bivariate random effects model was utilized to calculate pooled diagnostic values in comparison with real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction as the reference test. A total of 7562 samples from six studies were available for the meta-analysis. The overall pooled sensitivity and specificity of RATs for variants were 69.7% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 62.5% to 76.1%) and 100.0% (95% CI = 98.8% to 100.0%), respectively. When an additional 2179 samples from seven studies reporting sensitivities only were assessed, the pooled sensitivity dropped to 50.0% (95% CI = 44.0% to 55.0%). These findings suggest reassessment and monitoring of the diagnostic utility of RATs for variants, especially for the sensitivity aspect, to facilitate appropriate diagnosis and management of COVID-19 patients.
Modeling the Impact of Vaccination on COVID-19 and Its Delta and Omicron Variants
Authors: Wang Jianbo , Chan Yin-Chi , Niu Ruiwu , Wong Eric W. M. , van Wyk Michaël Antonie
Published: July 2022

Vaccination is an important means to fight against the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus and its variants. In this work, we propose a general susceptible-vaccinated-exposed-infected-hospitalized-removed (SVEIHR) model and derive its basic and effective reproduction numbers. We set Hong Kong as an example and calculate conditions of herd immunity for multiple vaccines and disease variants. The model shows how the number of confirmed COVID-19 cases in Hong Kong during the second and third waves of the COVID-19 pandemic would have been reduced if vaccination were available then. We then investigate the relationships between various model parameters and the cumulative number of hospitalized COVID-19 cases in Hong Kong for the ancestral, Delta, and Omicron strains. Numerical results demonstrate that the static herd immunity threshold corresponds to one percent of the population requiring hospitalization or isolation at some point in time. We also demonstrate that when the vaccination rate is high, the initial proportion of vaccinated individuals can be lowered while still maintaining the same proportion of cumulative hospitalized/isolated individuals.
Randomised, Single Blind, Controlled, Three-Month Clinical Trial on the Evaluation and Treatment of the Ocular Surface Damage Following Phacoemulsification
Authors: Rossi Gemma Caterina Maria , Tinelli Carmine , Milano Giovanni , Lanteri Sara , Ricciarelli Gabriella , Giannì Laura , Pasinetti Gian Maria , Scudeller Luigia
Published: July 2022

Background: To determine efficacy of two lacrimal substitutes on signs and symptoms of ocular surface disease after phacoemulsification; to determine impact of surgery on patients’ vision related quality of life. Monocentric, randomised, physician blinded, three parallel groups clinical trial. Design and Methods: Patients in the operative list for phacoemulsification have been screened for eligibility; they underwent (at time 0, 15, 45 and 90 days): slit lamp examination; tear film break-up time (BUT); corneal staining; tear volume; 25-item National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire (NEI-VFQ); Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI). Treatments to be compared were: 1. standard of care-SOC (lomefloxacine and tobramicine/dexamethasone fixed combination 4 times a day for 2 weeks), 2. SOC + carboxymethylcellulose sodium 0.5% and glycerin 0.9%, 3. SOC + Sodium Hyaluronate 0.15%. Study treatment started at T15. Groups were compared with parametric or nonparametric tests, and with Pearson’s χ2 test. Correlation between continuous variables was assessed by means of Pearson’s or Spearman’s coefficient. Results: Fifty-three patients were enrolled. At 45 and at 90 days from surgery, the group receiving lacrimal substitutes presented better BUT and Schirmer I test (p = 0.009, <0.001, <0.001 and 0.001, respectively); dry eye presence showed significant difference by group at time 90 (p = 0.019). General vision, near activity and vision-specific dependency subscales improved after surgery (p = <0.001, 0.004 and 0.048, respectively). At 45 and 90 days from surgery, the OSDI score significantly changed (p < 0.001).Conclusions: Cataract surgery causes the onset or the worsening of dry eye. Use of artificial tears can significantly reduce symptoms and signs of dry eye in patients after phacoemulsification.
Filamentous Algae Blooms in a Large, Clear-Water Lake: Potential Drivers and Reduced Benthic Primary Production
Authors: Page Maycee , Goldhammer Tobias , Hilt Sabine , Tolentino Scott , Brothers Soren
Published: July 2022

An apparent proliferation of filamentous algal blooms (FABs) in pristine lakes around the world is a source of concern. However, little is known about the predominant drivers and effects of such FABs on lake ecosystems. We observed FABs in a large clear-water lake (Bear Lake, UT/ID, USA) and analyzed long-term lake monitoring data and algal stable isotopes for changes in climate, food webs and anthropogenic nutrient loading, respectively, as potential local drivers of FAB formation. Furthermore, we quantified in situ metabolism rates on rocks with and without FABs at two locations. Long-term monitoring data revealed increasing summer water temperatures (2009 to 2020) and decreasing winter ice cover (1923 to 2021). The FABs had δ15N values that were higher than 0 ‰, indicating a potential nutrient influx to Bear Lake from livestock or human waste. Climate change and anthropogenic nutrients may thus have facilitated FAB occurrence. Contrary to expectation, the FABs exhibited significantly lower gross primary production rates compared to low-biomass periphyton communities, indicating potentially negative effects of FAB proliferations on lake food webs. Our results highlight the need for expanding lake monitoring programs to include littoral zones to detect and mitigate changes occurring in lakes.
Nitrogen and Phosphorous Retention in Tropical Eutrophic Reservoirs with Water Level Fluctuations: A Case Study Using Mass Balances on a Long-Term Series
Authors: Barjau-Aguilar Mariel , Merino-Ibarra Martín , Ramírez-Zierold Jorge A. , Castillo-Sandoval Sergio F. , Vilaclara-Fatjó Gloria , Guzmán-Arias Andrea P. , Macek Miroslav , Alcántara-Hernández Rocío J. , Sánchez-Carrillo Salvador , Valdespino-Castillo Patricia M. , Sacristán-Ramírez Arantxa , Quintanilla-Terminel José G. , Monroy-Ríos Emiliano , Díaz-Valenzuela Julio , Lestayo-González Julio A. , Gerardo-Nieto Oscar A. , González-De Zayas Roberto
Published: July 2022

Nitrogen and phosphorous loading drives eutrophication of aquatic systems. Lakes and reservoirs are often effective N and P sinks, but the variability of their biogeochemical dynamics is still poorly documented, particularly in tropical systems. To contribute to the extending of information on tropical reservoirs and to increase the insight on the factors affecting N and P cycling in aquatic ecosystems, we here report on a long-term N and P mass balance (2003–2018) in Valle de Bravo, Mexico, which showed that this tropical eutrophic reservoir lake acts as a net sink of N (−41.7 g N m−2 y−1) and P (−2.7 g P m−2 y−1), mainly occurring through net sedimentation, equivalent to 181% and 68% of their respective loading (23.0 g N m−2 y−1 and 4.2 g P m−2 y−1). The N mass balance also showed that the Valle de Bravo reservoir has a high net N atmospheric influx (31.6 g N m−2 y−1), which was 1.3 times the external load and likely dominated by N2 fixation. P flux was driven mainly by external load, while in the case of N, net fixation also contributed. During a period of high water level fluctuations, the net N atmospheric flux decreased by 50% compared to high level years. Our results outlining water regulation can be used as a useful management tool of water bodies, by decreasing anoxic conditions and net atmospheric fluxes, either through decreasing nitrogen fixation and/or promoting denitrification and other microbial processes that alleviate the N load. These findings also sustain the usefulness of long-term mass balances to assess biogeochemical dynamics and its variability.
Trends and Changes in Hydrologic Cycle in the Huanghuaihai River Basin from 1956 to 2018
Authors: Yang Xiaotian , Bao Zhenxin , Wang Guoqing , Liu Cuishan , Jin Junliang
Published: July 2022

The Huanghuaihai River Basin (HRB) is one of the most prominent areas of water resource contradiction in China. It is of great significance to explore the relationship between water balance in this area for a deep understanding of the response of the water cycle to climate change. In this study, machine learning methods are used to prolong the actual evapotranspiration (ET) of the basin on the time scale and explore water balances calculated from various sources. The following conclusions are obtained: (1) it is found that the simulation accuracy of Global Land Evaporation Amsterdam Model (GLEAM) products in HRB is good. The annual average ET spatial distribution tends to increase from northwest to southeast; (2) three machine learning algorithms are used to construct the ET calculation model. The correlation coefficients of the three methods are all above 0.9 and the mean relative error values of random forest (RF) are all less than 30%. The RF has the best effect; (3) the relative errors of water balance in HRB from 1956–1979, 1980–2002 and 2003–2018 are less than ±5%, which indicates that the calculation of each element of the water cycle in the study area can well reflect the water balance relationship of the basin.
Nežinomas 1641 m. Lietuvos Metrikos knygų sąrašas
Authors: Antanavičius Darius
Published: July 2022

The Unknown 1641 List of Books of the Lithuanian Metrica

Abstract. A unique inventory of Lithuanian Metrica books compiled in September–
October, 1641, which had thus far escaped the attention of Lithuanian Metrica researchers,
was discovered in the Vilnius Chapter’s collections (F 43) at the Wroblewski Library of
the Lithuanian Academy of Sciences. It was compiled by the notary public Fr Laurynas
Mocarskis (Wawrzyniec Mocarski). Due to objective shortcomings, Mocarski’s list cannot
be considered a proper inventory of the Lithuanian Metrica books, but, lacking other material, it is nonetheless an important and useful auxiliary source helping us to understand the development of the entire complex of books of the Lithuanian Metrica and subtleties in the history of individual books.
Keywords: Lithuanian Metrica, Vilnius Diocese, Laurynas Mocarskis, Vilnius Cathedral
Chapter archive, Mamert Herburt.
Bilevičių genealoginė kronika (XV–XVII a. pirmoji pusė)
Authors: Drungilas Jonas
Published: July 2022

Bilevičius Genealogical Chronicle (15th–First Half of the 17th Centuries)

Abstract. The article presents an analysis of a genealogical chronicle of the Bilevičius
family from the 15th to the first half of the 17th centuries that was found in Lviv, and was
written up in the beginning of the 17th century. It is an exclusive genealogical written source relating to the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, which mentions 520 individuals and presents up to five generations of the history of another 51 families (besides the Bilevičius family).

Keywords: memory, Bilevičius, genealogy, Albertas Kojalavičius-Vijūkas, chronicle.
La gestión de la pandemia de COVID-19 y el regionalismo en América Latina y el Caribe. Aprendizajes y desafíos pendientes
Authors: Alvarez María Victoria
Published: July 2022

A partir de 2020, la COVID-19 se convirtió en un problema global de salud pública de dimensiones descomunales. La región de América Latina y el Caribe (ALC) vio emerger la pandemia en un momento de agravamiento de brechas estructurales y fuerte descontento social. Los gobiernos reaccionaron para prevenir la propagación del virus de manera unilateral en la mayoría de los casos, pero algunas respuestas se engendraron a nivel regional y subregional. Este documento de trabajo busca interpelar de la forma más integral posible al regionalismo latinoamericano y caribeño frente a la pandemia de la COVID-19. Así, el documento se enfoca en la respuesta de ALBA, Alianza del Pacífico, CARICOM, CAN, CELAC, Mercosur, PROSUR y SICA. También incluye la respuesta del BID y los bancos de desarrollo subregionales: BCIE, CAF, CDB y FONPLATA. Asimismo, analiza la actuación de la CEPAL y la OPS. El ejercicio comparativo puede contribuir a discernir qué esquemas regionales mostraron vitalidad y eficacia, resultando en un impulso a la integración, y cuáles no lograron responder de forma adecuada, sin poder abandonar tendencias preexistentes de polarización y debilidad. El análisis ofrece, además, algunas lecciones y conlleva el propósito último de advertir desafíos para el presente y el futuro del regionalismo.
Análisis del debido proceso frente a la oposición en el juicio de inventario de la extinta sociedad conyugal
Authors: Culcay Villavicencio Ivan Patricio , Chimbo Arevalo George Steven , Pani Riera Paola Fernanda
Published: July 2022

Dentro de la legislación ecuatoriana al hablar del juicio de inventario de la extinta sociedad conyugal, es importante cumplir con un debido proceso en todos los tramites que comprometan los derechos e intereses de los cónyuges, debido que existe una normativa ineficaz que al momento de aplicar existen varias falacias e inconformidades. Como objetivo principal se analizó la figura jurídica de la oposición dentro del juicio de inventario de la sociedad conyugal, en cuanto a los términos legales que permitan identificar el debido proceso sin que afecte a los derechos de los cónyuges al momento de la partición de bienes. Se aplicó la metodología tanto deductiva como inductiva, siendo la sociedad conyugal el punto de partida y llegar particularmente a la oposición del juicio de inventario, existiendo un vacío legal. Concluyendo que esta falta de normativa, debe ser interpretada conforme a derecho, dejando de lado la sana critica.
Pertumbuhan Ekonomi dan Ketimpangan Wilayah di Kawasan Strategis SARBAGITA (Denpasar, Badung, Gianyar, Tabanan)
Authors: Purwanti Putu Ayu Pramitha , Setyari Ni Putu Wiwin
Published: July 2022

This study aims, firstly, to find out the category of district/city areas in the SARBAGITA area with Klassen typology. Second, knowing the level of economic inequality in urban districts in the SARBAGITA area with the Williamson index. Third, knowing the relationship between growth and economic inequality in the SARBAGITA region by testing the Kuznets hypothesis. The analysis was carried out using secondary data with the results, first, that in the SARBAGITA area there are still districts as relatively underdeveloped areas which indicate that the spread effect of the regional center development is not yet optimal. Second, the absolute level of economic inequality shows fluctuations, but if viewed based on trends, it shows a positive trend. This means that the longer the period, the higher the level of inequality. The final result is the proof of Kuznets hypothesis in the SARBAGITA area. At the beginning of the study period, economic growth was followed by an increase in inequality but at a certain point, the inequality decreased. Thus, we need a regional planning that can create a balance of economic growth so that inequality between regions can be minimized or even avoided.
MULTIPHASE PWM MODULATOR CONVERSION BY-PRODUCTS SUPPRESSION UNDER CHANNEL ASYMMETRY
Authors: ВАРЛАМОВ О.В.
Published: July 2022

Для усиления с высоким КПД современных телекоммуникационных радиосигналов, имеющих высокий пик-фактор,используются ключевые режимы работы транзисторов и синтетические методы усиления. Наиболее распространенным из них является метод Кана,предполагающий раздельное усиление составляющих. Однако применение этого метода имеет ряд технологических (по возможностям элементной базы) ограничений по ширине полосы частот и динамическому диапазону усиливаемого сигнала в модуляционном тракте. Для расширения полосы модулирующих частот используется многофазная широтно-импульсная модуляция (ШИМ). В статье выведены аналитические выражения и определена эффективность подавления нежелательных составляющих в многофазной ШИМ в зависимости от количества элементов фильтра нижних частот (ФНЧ)Z для разного числа фаз n. Определены требования к допустимой асимметрии каналов в многофазной ШИМ в зависимости от требуемой эффективности подавления побочных продуктов преобразования.

To high-efficiency amplification of modern telecommunications radio signals with a high peak factor, key modes of transistor operation and synthetic amplification methods are used. The most common of these is the Kahn method (Envelope Elimination and Restoration, EER), which involves separate amplification of components. However, this method application has several technological (in terms of the element base capabilities) limitations in the modulation path bandwidth and dynamic range of the amplified signal. To expand the modulating frequencies bandwidth, multiphase pulse-width modulation (PWM) is used. Analytical expressions are obtained and the efficiency of suppressing unwanted components in a multiphase PWM is determined depending on the number of elements of the low-pass filter Z for a different number of phases n. The requirements for permissible asymmetry of channels in a multiphase PWM depending on the required efficiency of suppression of conversion by-products are determined.
Effects of food prices on poverty: The case of Paraguay, a food exporter and a nonfully urbanized country
Authors: Lugo María Ana , Garriga Santiago , Puig Jorge
Published: July 2022

Agriculture in Paraguay plays a key role in economic development and economic growth. Fluctuations in commodity prices have been added to the inherent sector’s volatility linked to climate conditions. Since a vast share of households in developing countries like Paraguay are both consumers and producers of food the welfare effects of commodity prices fluctuations are not obvious: higher prices hurt consumption but benefit production. In this paper we simulate the welfare effects of a potential hike in food prices. We use the traditional agricultural model, households’ survey data and monthly price data for 127 food items. Our main results suggest that the expenditure effect is negative and regressive for all households, but larger in rural than urban areas. The income effect is positive and progressive in rural areas and negligible in urban ones. Therefore, we find that the potential overall impact of a potential increase in food prices in Paraguay has a very flat U-shaped curve effect. We conclude with a policy response simulation in order to help those affected by the initial increase in food prices.
URBAN TRANSPORTATION WITH TRICYCLES IN PARAKOU (BENIN)
Authors: Sabine DAKO KPACHA , MAMA Aboudou Ramanou ABOUDOU YACOUBOU , S. A. Alda YEMADJE , Samuel4 AIDO , Dine IMOROU
Published: July 2022

Three wheels engins commonly called tricycles are more and more solicited in the urban transportation in Parakou. These engins are used for goods, goods and people, the transportation research work aims to analyze the importance of this new means of transportation of tricycle engins in the city of Parakou. The used methodology articulates around the collection of the data, their process through software Word and Excel 2013 and the analysis of the results through ‘'SWOT tool ''. A sample of 255 people based on specific criteria has been investigated. The results of the investigations reveal that the tricycles play an important role in the accessibility in urban transportation in the city of Parakou. Indeed, they are used for the transportation of building materials, goods and people. Goods transportation is increasing, as well those of motorbike because of their ability to load more goods and people the last one. The level of education of the tricycle drivers in Parakou explains the non observation of the driving. Indeed, 60% of the investigated drivers attend primary schools, 17% the secondary level and 23% illiterate. Permanent drivers are the most numerous (70%); 30% non permanent. There are kind of contracts of work, one allows the driver to become at the end, the owner of the engin meanwhile the owner will collect his engin. Though the flourishing aspect of tricycle transportation, the sub sector is confronted to 4 main problems due to road insecurity (35%), the impracticability of the roads (32%), the inorganization of the sub sector (23,4%) and the lack of equipment of the drivers (9,6%).
GROWTH RATES OF PARKIA biglobosa JACQ. SEEDLINGS (AFRICAN LOCUST BEAN TREE) AS INFLUENCED BY TWO INORGANIC MANURES
Authors: Kareem, I. A
Published: July 2022

One of the prominent fruit trees in the savanna ecosystem is Parkia biglobosa Jacq. (African Locust Bean Tree). Apart from being a nitrogen fixing tree, the seeds from its matured pods are often processed and used as soup condiment in some African countries most especially Nigeria. The population density of this plant species is low, its growth rate is slow and the processed seeds are not abundantly available and therefore costly. Thus, the influence of two inorganic manures/fertilizers (Urea and N. P. K.) on the growth rate of the seedlings of this species was investigated to pave way for massive production. The experimental design employed was completely randomized design (CRD) comprising 3 treatments and 4 replicates (treatments A (sandy loam + Parkia biglobosa seeds + N.P.K), B (sandy loam + Parkia biglobosa seeds + Urea) and C (sandy loam + Parkia biglobosa seeds as control). Seedlings’ emergence rates/percentages and morphological growth indices /parameters (plant height, leaf count, number of branches, collar girth and leaf area) were evaluated. Application of inorganic manures commenced at the 6th week after germination/seedling emergence. Results from statistical data analyses (SPSS 21.0) indicated significant differences (at P≤0.05) among the treatments. Seedlings in Urea + sandy loam (treatment B) had the highest mean values/fastest growth rate followed by treatment A and treatment C was the least. Incontrovertibly, faster growth rate of this important tree species could be achieved by employing Urea and relatively, N.P.K fertilizer could also be used.
FACTORS AND CONSTRAINTS OF RICE PRODUCTION IN THE DISTRICT OF ADJAHA (COMMUNE OF GRAND-POPO) IN SOUTHERN BENIN
Authors: TCHAKPA Cyrille , ABDOULAYE Djafarou , YEMADJE Sèna Aude Alda , BOKO Michel
Published: July 2022

A national agricultural priority, rice cultivation is attracting more and more attention of the Beninese government and private economic operators. It is with this observation and considerable potential, but little exploited in the Municipality of Grand-Popo for rice production, which this study was conducted. The overall objective of this study is to examine the factors and constraints to rice production in the district of Adjaha (Municipality of Grand-Popo). To achieve this, data on rainfall and statistics of rice production last eight years were collected. The soil map and a representative sample of 65 rice farmers were used to title. Using the model SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats) helped to highlight the potentialities available to the district of Adjaha and bottlenecks that retard its growth. The results reveal that the study environment is conducive to the cultivation of rice. And only 6% of rice potential is exploited or 81 hectares. The water control, access to agricultural equipment, credit and appropriate agricultural financing are major challenges that this sector is developed.
Restricción externa y sector energético: de la crisis a la oportunidad
Authors:   , Cerdá Bernardo
Published: July 2022

Argentina es un país de desarrollo intermedio cuya economía pasa recurrentemente por etapas de expansión que se interrumpen por restricción externa. La última vez que esto sucedió fue en el año 2011, y uno de los sectores que novedosamente participó como demandante creciente de divisas fue el energético. Esta investigación analiza las causas que originaron el déficit comercial energético iniciado en 2011 tras 28 años de superávit y su incidencia en la restricción externa, a partir de la evolución histórica de las políticas e indicadores sectoriales y macroeconómicos. Luego, se estudian las profundas modificaciones que vivió el sector a partir del déficit y del impacto que comenzaron a tener la producción de hidrocarburos no convencionales y de electricidad con fuentes renovables. Finalmente, se plantea como hipótesis que Argentina ya atravesó la tormenta en el sector energético y que se encuentra ante una oportunidad histórica, dado su presente productivo y su potencial en recursos naturales para autoabastecerse y eventualmente para exportar hidrocarburos, mientras transita una transición en la producción de electricidad con mayor participación de fuentes renovables para alinearse a las políticas ambientales mundiales.
Photoconductivity buildup and decay kinetics in unintentionally doped β-Ga2O3
Authors: Traoré Aboulaye , Okumura Hironori , Sakurai Takeaki
Published: July 2022

Photoconductivity transients in an unintentionally doped (UID) n-type β-Ga2O3 layer are investigated at temperatures ranging from 90 to 210 K. Illumination of the β-Ga2O3 layer with a 600 nm light pulse induces photoconductivity, which persists after the light is turned off. The origin of persistent photoconductivity (PPC) is probed using the temperature dependencies of the photoconductivity buildup and decay kinetics. Upon excitation by 600 nm light, the photoconductivity in the UID β-Ga2O3 sample is related to the photoionization of two distinct deep levels with thermal ionization energies of 1.76 ± 0.07 eV (Franck–Condon energy D
FC: 0.78 ± 0.24 eV) and 2 ± 0.08 eV (D
FC: 0.52 ± 0.15 eV). When the light is turned off, PPC is observed due to thermal capture barriers preventing the photo-generated electrons from relaxing back to deep levels. Capture barriers of 35 meV and 165 meV have been estimated using the temperature dependence of the PPC decay time constant. The experimentally detected deep levels are ascribed to deep donors, such as oxygen vacancies.
Transfer of linewidth and frequency stability from an iodine-stabilized Nd:YAG laser to a quantum memory control laser through an optical frequency comb
Authors: Kondo Takeshi , Shindo Seiho , Yoshida Daisuke , Goji Yuma , Nishihara Mikitaka , Aizawa Taiki , Hong Feng-Lei , Horikiri Tomoyuki
Published: July 2022

To implement quantum repeaters for long-distance quantum communications, frequency stabilization is necessary for coupling telecommunication wavelength photons with quantum memories that operate in the visible region. Here, a narrow-linewidth optical frequency comb for frequency stabilization is developed through phase-locking to an iodine-stabilized Nd:YAG laser using high-speed servo control. Subsequently, we phase lock a Pr3+:Y2SiO5 (Pr:YSO) quantum memory control laser to the developed optical frequency comb for linewidth transfer. The obtained linewidth (3.1 kHz) and frequency stability (1.84 × 10−12 at an average time of 0.01 s) are sufficient for multimode storage in Pr:YSO quantum memory.
An improvement of low temperature characteristics of an La-doped Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 capacitor
Authors: Wang Wensheng , Eshita Takashi , Takai Kazuaki , Nomura Kenji , Yamaguchi Hideshi , Nakamura Ko , Ozawa Soichiro , Nagai Kouichi , Watanabe Junichi , Mihara Satoru , Hikosaka Yukinobu , Saito Hitoshi , Kojima Manabu
Published: July 2022

We developed a lanthanum-doped Pb(Zr0.4,Ti0.6)O3 (PLZT)-based ferroelectric capacitor (FE) aiming at low-voltage operation of ferroelectric random access memory at low temperatures down to −45 °C. High-temperature sputter-deposited IrO
x
(1 < x < 2) or HT-IrO
x
was employed as a top electrode (TE) instead of room-temperature (RT) deposited IrO
x
or RT-IrO
x
over two PLZT stacked layers. We observed that polarization characteristics drastically improved even at −45 °C by employing HT-IrO
x
and thinning PLZT, even though leakage current was increased by about one order of magnitude. Transmission electron microscopy observations showed that HT-IrO
x
has a columnar-like crystalline structure while RT-IrO
x
has a granular-like crystalline structure. Secondary ion mass spectroscopy indicated that Pb diffusion from PLZT into TE was suppressed by HT-IrO
x
, which is considered to cause the improvement of polarization characteristics.
In situ high-temperature X-ray diffraction measurements of Pb(Zr0.58Ti0.42)O3 epitaxial thin films grown on Si substrates
Authors: Kimura Goki , Kweon Sang Hyo , Tanaka Kiyotaka , Tan Goon , Koganezawa Tomoyuki , Kanno Isaku
Published: July 2022

Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 (PZT) thin films with rhombohedral composition of Zr/Ti = 58/42 were epitaxially grown on SrRuO3/Pt/ZrO2/Si(001) substrates by radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering and their temperature dependence was investigated. In situ high-temperature X-ray diffraction measurements were conducted by the synchrotron radiation X-ray (SPring-8). The as-deposited PZT thin film showed a tetragonal structure due to a clamping effect from substrates. On heating, the diffraction spot was split into two peaks from 600 °C to 750 °C, while the split peaks were maintained on cooling to room temperature. This result indicates that tetragonal and cubic structures coexisted above 600 °C, whereas cubic to rhombohedral phase transition occurred on cooling. After the high-temperature measurement, the PZT thin films showed large voltage dependence of the converse piezoelectric coefficients (∣e
31, f
∣) due to the drastic change of the crystallographic structure by the high-temperature treatment.
Influenciador digital e uma nova perspectiva da ideia de pessoa
Authors: Alves Jéferson
Published: July 2022

A internet, como um meio de interação contemporâneo, já tem seus efeitos consolidados. Ela permitiu, a partir das redes sociais (mas não apenas), novos modos de subjetivação e, com isso, novas perspectivas da ideia de pessoa. Analisando um perfil do Instagram, @victordimarco, e a partir de entrevista semi-estruturada com Victor Di Marco, reflito aqui sobre uma nova perspectiva de pessoa.
“À SUA IMAGEM E SEMELHANÇA”: ARTURO ESCOBAR E A CRÍTICA AO DESENVOLVIMENTO
Authors: Holz Leandra
Published: July 2022

Este trabalho pretende problematizar o conceito de desenvolvimento pensado de cima para baixo, como um modelo pronto de intervenção elaborado para “o outro”, a partir do levantamento teórico da perspectiva crítica de Arturo Escobar, bem como elencar as possibilidades alternativas sugeridas pelo autor, qual seja, a de valorizar a cultura do “lugar”, os conhecimentos e saberes locais, e as formas de organização das relações sociais ali existentes.