bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cervical consistency index is a valid predictor of preterm birth in low-risk pregnant women
Authors: Pooransari Parichehr , Salehi Fatemeh , Afrakhteh Maryam , Mirzamoradi Masoumeh , Saleh Gargari Soraya , Ghatreh Samani Omid
Published: August 2018

Background Preterm birth (PTB) remains a global problem associated with perinatal morbidity, including low birth weight, growth retardation and irreversible damage to the nervous system. The objective of this study was to determine the predictive value of cervical consistency index (CCI) to indicate the occurrence of PTB in mid trimester screening of low risk pregnant women. MethodsThis was a prospective study conducted on low-risk pregnant women at 14-28 weeks of pregnancy. The cervical length (CL) and AP cervical diameter were measured and the CCI determined according to the formula AP2/AP1*100. The ROC curves were drawn according to gestational age and the sensitivity and the specificity were calculated for optimal cut-off for 1st, 5th, 10th, 21th, and 24th centiles of CCI. The inter-observer agreement was validated by interclass correlation coefficients (ICC).ResultsA total of 149 participants were enrolled in this study. Among them, 12.08% had PTB (<37weeks) and 87.92% had normal birth. Mean CCI for all subjects was 68.60%, but was lower in PTB (48.9%). The best cutoff for predicting PTB based on CCI was 59.46% with 99.18% sensitivity and 85% specificity. The AUC for CCI for prediction of PTB <37weeks was 0.936. There was no inter-observer difference in measurement of CCI and CL (ICC values for CCI and CL were 0.997 and 0.990 respectively).ConclusionIn women with normal CL the CCI could predict PTB in the second trimester in low risk women. So, CCI is a valid predictor of PTB in low risk women.
High ferritin in homozygous and heterozygous β-thalassemia tends to decrease oxidative stress levels
Authors: Maskoen Ani Melani , Reniarti Lelani , Sumantri Nur Imaniati , Sahiratmadja Edhyana
Published: August 2018

BackgroundIneffective erythropoiesis and multiple blood transfusions may cause iron overload, leading to high level of ferritin in β-thalassemia patients. Iron has the ability to catalyze the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can be prevented by an adequate activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). The aim of this study was to explore the association between high ferritin levels and oxidative stress among β-thalassemia patients by measuring SOD and GPx levels. MethodsThis was a cross sectional study among β-thalassemia major patients. Ferritin, SOD, and GPx were measured and compared between β-thalassemia patients with homozygous IVS1nt5 and heterozygous IVS1nt5/HbE mutations, which were the most prevalent mutations found in our previous study. The Spearman correlation test was used to analyze the data. ResultsThe ferritin levels in all β-thalassemia major patients were very high (range: 791-12,340 µg/L). However, no significant differences were observed (p=0.318) between homozygous IVS1nt5 (n=45) compared to heterozygous IVS1nt5/HbE (n=13). The oxidative stress markers SOD and GPx were not significantly different between homozygous IVS1nt5 and heterozygous IVS1nt5/HbE (p=0.450 and p=0.323, respectively). The correlations between ferritin and SOD and GPx oxidative stress levels were not significant in both homozygous IVS1nt5 and heterozygous IVS1nt5/HbE mutations. ConclusionHigh ferritin levels in β-thalassemia patients tend to decrease the GPx level in all thalassemia patients and SOD level in half of the patients, indicating that GPx and SOD may play a role in the occurrence of oxidative stress among thalassemia patients. The mechanism of oxidative stress in thalassemia needs to be further explored.
Colonialidade e o marco temporal da ocupação de terras indígenas: uma crítica à posição do Supremo Tribunal Federal
Authors: Sartori Junior Dailor
Published: August 2018

No julgamento da Petição 3.388 pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal, em 2009, além da confirmação da constitucionalidade da demarcação da Terra Indígena Raposa Serra do Sol, criou-se a tese do “marco temporal da ocupação”, a qual afirma que o direito a uma terra indígena só deve ser reconhecido quando a área se encontrava tradicionalmente ocupada na promulgação da Constituição, 05 de outubro de 1988, a menos que se comprove o “renitente esbulho”, ou seja, a reivindicação de retorno em caso de expulsão da área. Desde então, esta tese foi aplicada pelo STF nos processos judiciais que anularam a demarcação de algumas terras indígenas. Para análise destes casos, adota-se o pensamento descolonial como referencial teórico. Assim, o artigo busca responder quais são os elementos de colonialidade presentes na fundamentação da tese do marco temporal pelo STF. Identificou-se que o marco temporal expressa a colonialidade do ser, do saber e do poder, por conta de sua anti-historicidade e desconsideração da situação de violência e tutela do passado, da imposição de formas civilistas e eurocêntricas de relação com o território e com o Estado e da legitimação do contexto político de disparidade de poder em que tais conflitos são instaurados.
Aspectos da formação do policial militar: o ‘currículo de corredor’
Authors: Oliveira Nathalia Pereira de
Published: August 2018

Esse trabalho é um dos frutos decorrentes da minha pesquisa de mestrado e tem como principal objetivo apontar a existência de dois currículos nos cursos de formação de policiais militares. As hipóteses trabalhadas na dissertação e que se apresenta como pano de fundo neste trabalho são as seguintes: os policiais militares ainda como alunos soldados são vítimas de diferentes violações de direitos humanos e; essas violações sofridas que ajudam na internalizar de uma cultura militar autoritária e belicista gera reflexos na atuação dos policiais. Estudar a formação daqueles que colocam em prática a democracia (Muniz, 1999) é de grande importância e urgência, especialmente quando se foca nas relações intersubjetivas, no processo de socialização e nas metodologias empregadas nas atividades dentro das salas de aula e fora delas, durante o curso de formação e de aperfeiçoamento dos policiais militares. Ao se aprofundar na pesquisa a respeito da formação de policiais militares é possível vislumbrar a existência simultânea de dois tipos de currículos nestes cursos: o formal e aquele que chamei de currículo de corredor. Como será explicado ao longo do artigo, esses dois currículos se chocam e nesse embate um prevalece sobre o outro, em especial no que se refere aos seus reflexos na atividade policial.
Incapacidade em trabalhadores com lesões musculoesqueléticas de membros superiores atendidos num centro de reabilitação
Authors: Augusto Viviane Gontijo , Amaral Fernanda Maria Franschetto Rocha do , Fernandes Ana Cristina Franco da Rocha , Tavares Patrícia Aparecida , Castro Kamila Coimbra de Freitas , Lopes Marina Massière Pinto
Published: August 2018

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a incapacidade de trabalhadores com lesões musculoesqueléticas de membros superiores, atendidos em um Centro Regional de Reabilitação. Trata-se de um estudo transversal observacional, realizado no período de agosto a novembro de 2014, das quais participaram 50 usuários. Utilizou-se a Escala de Avaliação de Incapacidades da Organização Mundial de Saúde, WHODAS 2.0, versão curta, para avaliação do nível de incapacidade funcional. A média de idade foi de 50,2 anos (dp=14,1) e, a maioria apresentou lesão de origem traumática (62%). A média do escore de incapacidade foi 25,2 (dp=7,4) e a alta incapacidade associou-se com mulheres (p=0,038) e lesões não traumáticas (p=0,02) no teste Qui-quadrado. Verificou-se baixa escolaridade e renda, com predomínio de mães de família afastadas do trabalho e que necessitavam de atendimento para redução de dor e incapacidade.
Analysis and design of the shade canopy of cocoa-based agroforestry systems
Authors:   CATIE, Costa Rica, Somarriba Eduardo , Orozco-Aguilar Luis ,   University of Melbourne, Australia, Cerda Rolando ,   CATIE, Costa Rica, López-Sampson Arlene ,   James Cook University, Australia
Published: August 2018

Cocoa-based agroforestry (AF) systems are a conspicuous element of agricultural landscapes worldwide. Shade canopy analysis and design is a key component of crop husbandry, and requires a good understanding of the interactions, synergies and trade-offs between shade, yield and environmental services. In this chapter we provide a guide and some principles to analyse and design an optimal shade canopy that provides a diverse, resilient AF system. We first review the different cocoa system typologies described in the literature, placing special emphasis on cocoa–timber systems. We present a guide for the analysis of the shade canopy of shaded cocoa systems, and then investigate the optimal design for cocoa shade canopies, with emphasis on the analysis of trade-offs and synergies between carbon storage and cocoa yields. Finally, we consider critical issues in applying AF science/knowledge to cocoa cultivation programmes.
ALGORITHM FOR THE TREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH ACUTE HEART FAILURE
Authors: Reznik E. V. , Gavrilov Yu. V. , Nikitin I. G.
Published: August 2018

Acute heart failure (AHF) and acute decompensation of chronic heart failure (ADHF) are urgent health problems. The main tasks of the managing the patients with these conditions include the achieving of optimal and stable resolution of edema and dyspnea, the tissue perfusion improving, the severity of clinical symptoms reducing, the exercise tolerance increasing, the progression of heart failure preventing, the preventing of the target organs dysfunction, complications, decompensations and hospitalizations, the increasing of survival and improving the quality of life. The algorithm for diagnosis, clinical patient profiles recognition, pharmacological (including diuretics, vasodilators, inotropes, vasopressors, anticoagulants, etc.) and non-pharmacological (including oxygen therapy, non-invasive and invasive ventilation, etc.) approaches to the management of AHF and ADHF are presented in accordance with contemporary guidelines.
EFFECT OF RENAL DYSFUNCTION ON THE CARDIACVASCULAR SYSTEM. THE POSSIBILI TIES OF EARLY DIAGNOSIS OF THE RENAL DYSFUNCTION
Authors: Imanov B. Zh. , Murkamilov I. T. , Sabirov I. S. , Sarybaev A. Sh.
Published: August 2018

The review is devoted to the discussion of modern concepts of the role of renal dysfunction in the development of chronic myocardial dysfunction in the context of cardio-renal syndrome (RVC) type 4. At the beginning of the review, the definition of cattle is given, general questions of pathogenesis and diagnosis of the disease are addressed. It is indicated that in patients with the initial stage of CKD, cardiovascular disorders are already registered which in the late stages of development of renal dysfunction are the leading causes of death and the true severity of the disease in patients with renal dysfunction is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events, rather than an achievement terminal renal failure and requiring renal replacement therapy. The progression of renal pathology leads to damage to the heart through various mechanisms and factors, both traditional and non-traditional, some of which, at the culmination of the renal continuum, are the result of the dialysis procedure itself in patients with terminal renal dysfunction. Mechanisms for the development of congestive heart failure in type 4 cattle include pressure overload (arterial hypertension) and volume (anemia, edematous syndrome), which increase in proportion to the decrease in renal function. Increase in blood pressure, changes in intracardial hemodynamics, deterioration of arterial compliance contribute to the acceleration of cardiovascular events. The role of laboratory predictors of renal dysfunction in the progression of cardiovascular disorders is discussed. The general approaches of echocardiographic visualization of the heart cavities and its importance in the diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases are discussed. Special attention is paid to the development of pulmonary arterial hypertension, changes in the left and right ventricle of the myocardium with renal dysfunction.
THE EFFECT OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY ON SUBOPTIMAL HEALTH STATUSE
Authors: Кrylova I. A. , Slobodjanjuk A. L. , Kupaev V. I. , Nurdinа M. S.
Published: August 2018

The patient, who has risk factors but considers himself / herself to be healthy, does not consult a doctor, but is in a suboptimal status. The study of the patient’s health at different levels of physical activity is an important issue of preventive medicine.

Material and methods. 351 people (133 men and 218 women) aged 18 to 75 years after obtaining voluntary informed consent to the study were examined. Patients were divided into 8 groups according to the international physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ). In addition to the classic clinical and laboratory examination, patients were interviewed using questionnaires: suboptimal health status (SHSQ-25), hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS), stress susceptibility questionnaire (PSS). Statistical processing was carried out by programs Microsoft Excel 2010 and Statistica 10,0.

Research result. When studying the values of discovering the fact of the differences in some indicators: increase of arterial pressure in 3 and 4 group physical activity, age of women, increasing of body mass in the 2, 3, 5 and 8 groups physical activity that proves the relationship of the presence of risk factors and physical activity level of the patient. Significant differences between the actual values of the mean age and the alarm level in groups with high and low suboptimal status were revealed. Significant differences in suboptimal status were revealed, which reflected the presence of risk factors for chronic noncommunicable diseases in groups with different physical activity (age of women over 45 years old, overweight, monthly use of alcohol, the presence of hypercholesterinemia and high level of depression). Significant differences in groups with high and low indicators of suboptimal status in the presence of risk factors for chronic noncommunicable diseases are revealed: age over 45 years, increased systolic and diastolic blood pressure, high levels of anxiety. Significantly differed in the indicators of suboptimal status of the group of physical activity: 2, 3, 6 and 7.

Conclusion. In groups of patients who consider themselves healthy and do not see a doctor for 3 months or more, the risk factors of chronic non-communicable diseases, more common in groups of patients who are not engaged in physical activity, were identified. Differences in indicators of suboptimal health status in the presence of risk factors of chronic noncommunicable diseases are revealed. The SHSQ-25 questionnaire objectively reflected the main screening indicators of chronic disease risk factors, it is simple to use in primary health care, it is an economical and effective tool for screening subclinical, reversible stages of chronic diseases.
PEMBELAJARAN BAHASA ARAB DI PONDOK PESANTREN DARUNNAJAH JAKARTA (STUDI ETNOGRAFI)
Authors: Siddiq Mohammad
Published: August 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh pemahaman mengenai proses pembelajaran bahasa Arab di Pondok Pesantren Darunnajah Jakarta. Fokus pengamatan dilakukan terhadap tiga komponen utama yaitu, space, actor dan activity yang berkaitan dengan pembelajaran bahasa Arab. Para pendidik di Pondok Pesantren Darunnajah memandang bahasa Arab sebagai bahasa agama Islam dan bahasa Inggris sebagai bahasa internasional. Pembelajaran bahasa Arab di Pondok Pesantren Darunnajah memiliki dua pendekatan, yaitu pembelajaran yang bersifat formal dan non formal. Melalui rangkaian aktivitas pembelajaran bahasa Arab dengan kedua pendekatan tersebut telah menghasilkan suatu kondisi lingkungan kebahasaan yang dapat mendorong para santri untuk terus mengadakan kontak bahasa dengan bahasa Arab sehingga mengasah kemampuan menyimak, berbicara, membaca dan menulis serta dapat memunculkan rasa kebahasaan (dzauq) santri terhadap bahasa Arab.
The Difference of Capital Input and Productivity in Service Industries: Based on Four Stages Bootstrap-DEA Model
Authors: Xi Wei , Cheng Xiran
Published: August 2018

Based on the concept of productive capital stock, this paper estimated capital input by three asset types of China’s 36 service industries in 2003–2015, and compared with the results of wealth capital stock. This study found that the wealth capital stock method underestimates the actual capital input in each sector in varying degrees, and it may interference the accuracy of productivity evaluation in sectors. According to the new estimation results of capital input, this paper further applied four stages bootstrap-DEA method to estimate industrial productivity, and calculated its confidence intervals. This study found that, the years of education and the average wage have a significant positive impact on the productivity of service industries; the productive services have a short board effect in the whole service industry.
Teachers’ Understanding of Formative Assessment
Authors: Arrafii Mohammad Arsyad , Sumarni Baiq
Published: August 2018

The research explored teachers’ understanding of formative assessment in the secondary school level, particularly in the context of English teaching and examined factors related to the teacher assessment in the literacy level. To achieve the intended purposes, a self-designed instrument named Teacher Formative Assessment Literacy Questionnaire (TFALTQ) was emploted. Cronbach alpha measured the internal consistency of items that measuring the latent constructs were adequately accepted (α= 0,67), and exploratory the factor analysis using rotation matric revealed a robust factor loading of the variance explained with KMO statistic of 0,72. The questionnaire was distributed to all English teachers who taught in the secondary high school in central Lombok. There were 243 teachers from public and private high schools were participated in the study. The participants came from both public school and religious school, regardless of their school types and level. Using the case of 243 English teachers, the analysis reveals that the teachers’ understanding of formative assessment is inadequate and that four dimensions of teachers’ formative assessment literacy and understanding are revealed. These include an assessment to serve the accountability purpose, examination/test driven learning, the procedural approach to learning and assessment, and the receptive role of students. The multiple hierarchical regression analysis is performed to identify athe factors that are influencing the teachers’ formative assessment literacy. The analysis suggests that the teachers have a poor understanding of formative assessment, insufficient training in assessment and gender is a strong predictors of teachers understanding of formative assessment.
Developing Students’ Reading Culture for Academic Reading Level through Metacognitive Strategies
Authors: Pranowo Pranowo
Published: August 2018

The development of reading culture for this academic level used the metacognitive strategies. This research was a case study in wihich the data sources were randomly drawn from various print sources by cutting off the core of the text to be analyzed. The technique of data analysis was done with two steps. The first step was to identify each data based on the categories that contained in the cognitive domain. The second step was the results of the analysis of the cognitive domains viewed based on the metacognitive strategies that included the process of planning, monitoring, and evaluate. The results of the research are that reading culture at the academic level can be developed through metacognition strategy. The steps that can be done are the reader performs cognitive process starting from remembering, understanding, applying, analyzing, evaluating, and creating. Then, every cognitive process is reviewed that the Academic reading culture can be developed with metacognitive strategies that are the type of intensive reading includes, reading comprehension, reading critically, reading creatively, reading interpretative, and reading reflective.
The Construction of Sundanese Culture in the News Discourse Published by Local Mass Media of West Java
Authors: Anshori Dadang S
Published: August 2018

This research identified the construction of Sundanese culture in the local mass media of West Java. Based on the phenomenon occurred, the culture could be interpreted in an accordance with the spirit of time and society. Within the national framework, this issue was not simple because the nationalism that was built on the plots of localism was not impossible to be changed. The research method employed the qualitative method. The data were the form of discourses contained in the local mass media. The results show that the language that is being used by the local media that describes the meaning of low bargaining of political position and national leadership. The construction of the local media in depicting the Sundanese culture is classified as the national, cultural, Islamic, and other aspects of culture. In the context of national leadership, the construction strengthens and affirms the faced condition and the reality. In terms of cultural relations with Islam, the local media shows the positive aspects of the condition and the history of the Sundanese people that has been known as a religious, ethnic group. In terms of the cultural relations with other aspects, the people of West Java are advised to make an inward reflection in viewing the existence of Sundanese culture within the national context. The ideologies that established by the local media towards the Sundanese culture are idealism, primordial, and pragmatism-realistic.
Morpheme {buN-}: an Example of Morphological Process through Affixation in Bidayuh-Somu Language
Authors: Bunau Eusabinus , Yusof Rohani Mohd
Published: August 2018

The goals of this research were to identify the allomorph of morpheme {buN-}, describe its affixation process, and determine the function of the allomorphs. The qualitative method was applied to gather the data from an informant who was done by recording technique on the field research. The informant was a Bidayuh-Somu language native speaker. The collected data included the derivational words derived from free morpheme that was root, base, and bound morpheme. The free and bound morpheme were then sorted into nominal and verbal class, as well as described qualitatively. Affixation as one of the morphological processes to derive complex derivational word in Bidayuh-Somu Language involved free and bound morpheme. Morpheme {buN-} was chosen as an example to describe the process of affixation in deriving complex derivational word of the language. It is found that the morpheme {buN-} is a prefix and verbal, affixed to the verb, and noun and adjective. Therefore, it functions both as class-maintaining and class-changing. Moreover, it is identified that the morpheme {buN-} has five allomorphs, namely /bu-/ with its alternant /bur-/ and /b-/, and /bum-/, /bun-/, /buN-/ and /bu-/. The morpheme {buN-} is affixed to free morpheme which is initiated with all consonant and vowel phonemes. The morpheme {buN-}also bears meanings
Typography, Morphology, and Syntax Characteristics of Texting
Authors: Haryono Haryono , Lelono Bambang , Kholifah Asrofin Nur
Published: August 2018

The main purpose of this research was to investigate Indonesian, English, and Japanese linguistic characteristics of Short Text Messages (SMS) performed by students. In particular, this research tried to seek linguistic characteristics in terms of typography, morphology, and syntax. Furthermore, the long term purpose of this research was to find out the difference of linguistic characteristics of those languages as well as its socio-pragmatic implication of the short text messages. This research applied content analysis for its method which made use of records or document as the main source of data in terms of recording, official records, text book, reference, letter, autobiography, pictures, movies, cartoon, etc. Meanwhile, technique of analysis included several stages such as defining text, categorizing text, verifying text category, assessing the accuracy of text coding, revising the criteria of text coding, reassessing the category of text coding, coding entire texts, and finally reassessing the accuracy of coding. The identical language characteristics between SMS used by the student to communicate with their lecturers and universal language charateristics are found in this research. The research expectedly provides the main resource for improvement of language learning that enables students to use language appropriately.
Influence Analysis of DPS, EPS, and PBV toward Stock Price and Return
Authors: Laurens Sebastianus
Published: August 2018

The research revealed whether there was a significant influence of DPS, EPS, and PBV towards stock price and return. This research used a quantitative method to determine the influence of the independent variable towards the dependent variable. The quantitative analysis was conducted with statistic technic calledmultiple linear regression with data taken from Indonesia Capital Market Directory year 2005 and 2008. The result shows similar results with the previous research that there is no influence between DPS and stock price as well as there is an influence on stock return. EPS shows that there is influence of stock price and return. For PBV, there is an influence on stock price, but there is no an influence on stock return.
Integrated water resource management plan (IWRMP) in Oman: way forward
Authors: Abdulbaqi Al Khabouri , Suleyman Muyibi A. , Thamer Ahmed M. , Nassereldeen Kabbashi A.
Published: August 2018

Water resources management is a continuous challenge in the Sultanate of Oman. Owing to its rapid development during the last 30 years, the growing economy has brought an increase in urbanization with a high demand for quality water supplies. Increasing demands to be met include agriculture, population increase and rapid industrial and commercial development. These factors have created a lot of stress in the water resources availability in the country. This has resulted in degradation of the quality of the water especially in the coastal areas owing to over-pumping and saline intrusion. To satisfy water users' requirements and safeguard the scarce water resources in the country, an integrated water resources management plan is proposed. This plan is based on the perception of water as an integral part of the ecosystem, a natural resource and a social and economic good, whose quantity and quality determines the nature of its utilization. The integrated approach will review the current water resources situation in the Sultanate of Oman (increasing water shortages, deteriorating water quality, stress in water supplies, etc) and incorporate policy options that recognize these elements, develop national water policy and base the demand for and allocation of water resources on equity and efficient use. The Integrated Water Resources Management Plan (IWRMP) will also consider the capacity building of the human resources working in the water sector, the development of new institutions that will serve and match this goal, the integration of water planning into the national economy and, more significantly, community participation.
Protection layers for the extension of slow sand filter running times in wastewater reuse
Authors: Mälzer H.-J. , Gimbel R.
Published: August 2018

The running time of slow sand filters in wastewater reuse is usually limited by the increase of pressure drop which is mainly caused by surface filtration effects of suspended solids. Surface filtration mechanisms on the top of filter sand layer can be avoided e.g. by so-called protection layers. By choosing suitable materials for protection layers a considerable extension of slow sand filter running times can be achieved.
Evaluation of the rapid filtration system with particle size distribution and Cryptosporidium in different operating conditions
Authors: Yu M.J. , Ahn S.K. , Chung S.H. , Noh S. , Park J.A. , Rhim Y.T. , Jheong W.H. , Chung H.M.
Published: August 2018

The characterization of particle behavior in addition to the measurement of turbidity is becoming more important in performance evaluation as well as in the operation of the water treatment system, in order to provide supporting information on small-sized microorganisms such as Cryptosporidium. Accordingly, the particle counter has been introduced in the evaluation and operation of the treatment system. However, research results on the relation among turbidity, particle counts and/or protozoa have not been concurrent with each other. Therefore, this study investigated the relation to improve performance evaluation of the sand filter so that the risk of protozoan contamination can be reduced. The study results verified that particle counts provide a better insight into the filtration process than turbidity alone. The counts of 4–7 as well as 7–14 μm, instead of total particle counts, can be used to monitor and operate the rapid sand filter effectively, as it has a better relation with Cryptosporidium. Also, the study results showed that the fine single-medium filter is more useful when targeting better water quality despite its low productivity, since it removes small particles more effectively than the dual-media filter. The latter is more useful when targeting better productivity. However, enough depth of sand layer of dual media filter with adequate filtration rate is required to not compromise water quality and productivity, as a shallow sand layer is highly likely to cause an early breakthrough.
Extracellular polymeric substances' influence on membrane fouling and cleaning during microfiltration process
Authors: Nuengjamnong C. , Cho J. , Polprasert C. , Ahn K.-H.
Published: August 2018

In this study, the influence of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) on membrane fouling and cleaning efficiency was investigated during the microfiltration process of a submerged membrane bioreactor (SMBR). Two lab-scale SMBRs with different solids retention time (SRT) were operated and the variation of bound (or extractable) EPS in the activated sludge floc was observed in terms of total organic carbon and protein concentration of the extracted EPS solution. Experimental results showed that as SRT decreases, the amount of bound EPS in the activated sludge floc becomes higher. EPS had a positive influence on specific cake resistance to accelerate the membrane fouling. In order to clean the fouled membrane, de-ionized water flushing, chemical cleaning using sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), and the combination of water flushing and chemical cleaning were performed. The flux recovery rate was calculated to quantify the cleaning efficiency and a microscopic image using scanning electron microscopy was taken to visualize the cleaning effect. It was found that the water flushing was not highly effective at removing the EPS formed in the cake layer. The chemical cleaning of membrane by 5,000 ppm NaOCl for 3 hours could be more effective to eliminate EPS.
Use of Moringa spp. seeds for coagulation: a review of a sustainable option
Authors: Dorea C.C.
Published: August 2018

Regrettably, it is still common to find places without access to safe drinking water due to a lack of resources or appropriate technologies to support adequate solutions. Remedial efforts will need to focus on appropriate solutions for such locations. Coagulation with Moringa spp. seeds has been proposed as a sustainable option for water treatment for low-income locations due to the many other uses of the Moringa tree. Yet, its application is not limited to particle separation. A survey of the databases of WOK (Web of Knowledge) and CSA (Cambridge Scientific Abstracts) identified studies utilising Moringa spp. seeds as a coagulant. Although the majority of the studies were of laboratory or household applications, there were also reported trials in pilot- and full-scale treatment trains. Moringa spp. seed extracts were assessed as primary coagulants, co-coagulants (with aluminium sulfate) or secondary coagulant aids (flocculants). Turbidity reduction efficiencies vary according to the source water characteristics, coagulant preparation technique, and seed type. Treatment benefits of coagulation with Moringa spp. seeds are objectively assessed and have been contrasted with practical considerations in view of its sustainable application.
Selective adsorption of organic dyes by porous hydrophilic silica aerogels from aqueous system
Authors: Wei Wei , Hu Huihui , Ji Xuelin , Yan Zaoxue , Sun Wei , Xie Jimin
Published: August 2018

Hydrophilic silica aerogel (HSA) was obtained by sol-gel method and dried at ambient conditions and further studied for the removal of organic dyes in water. Silica aerogel was characterized by its morphology, porous structure, specific surface area and particle size distribution by scanning electron microscopy, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller and pore size distribution. The HSA after calcination had a specific surface area of 888.73 m2/g and an average particle size of 2.6341 nm. Moreover, adsorption properties of the HSA toward organic dyes – adsorption conditions, kinetics data, and equilibrium model – were investigated. The removal rate of cationic dyes (rhodamine B (RhB), methylene blue (MB) and crystal violet (CV)) by HSA was up to 90%, while the removal rate of anionic dye (acid orange 7) was not more than 30%. The maximum adsorptions were: RhB 191.217 mg/g, MB 51.1601 mg/g and CV 24.85915 mg/g, respectively. Based on the adsorption mechanism of HSA for cationic/anionic dyes, the conclusion confirmed the prospect of HSA as effective adsorbent to treat cationic dyes wastewater.
Sinks and sources of anammox bacteria in a wastewater treatment plant – screening with qPCR
Authors: Kanders Linda , Beier Maike , Nogueira Regina , Nehrenheim Emma
Published: August 2018

The deammonification process, which includes nitritation and anammox bacteria, is an energy-efficient nitrogen removal process. Starting up an anammox process in a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) is still widely believed to require external seeding of anammox bacteria. To demonstrate the principle of a non-seeded anammox start-up, anammox bacteria in potential sources must be quantified. In this study, seven digesters, their substrates and reject water were sampled and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was used to quantify both total and viable anammox bacteria. The results show that mesophilic digesters fed with nitrifying sludge (with high sludge ages) can be classified as a reliable source of anammox bacteria. Sludge hygienization and dewatering of digestate reduce the amount of anammox bacteria by one to two orders of magnitude and can be considered as a sink. The sampled reject waters contained on average >4.0 × 104 copies mL−1 and the majority of these cells (>87%) were viable cells. Furthermore, plants with side-stream anammox treatment appear to have higher overall quantities of anammox bacteria than those without such treatment. The present study contributes to the development of sustainable strategies for both start-up of anammox reactors and the possibility of improving microbial management in WWTPs.
PENGARUH KARAKTERISTIK ORGANISASI TERHADAP PEMANFAATAN POS PEMBINAAN TERPADU PENYAKIT TIDAK MENULAR (POSBINDU PTM) DI WILAYAH PUSKESMAS HELVETIA MEDAN
Authors: Indriani Riri Astika , Zulfendri Zulfendri , Utama Surya
Published: August 2018

Pos Pembinaan Terpadu Penyakit Tidak Menular (POSBINDU PTM) menjadi salah satu strategi penting dalam mengendalikan trend penyakit tidak menular yang terus meningkat. Puskesmas Helvetia merupakan salah satu puskesmas di Kota Medan dengan persentase kelurahan yang menjalankan Posbindu PTM terendah yaitu sebesar 28,57%. Pada tahun 2016, cakupan kegiatan Posbindu PTM di wilayah Puskesmas Helvetia sangat rendah yaitu dibawah 1%. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk menganalisis pengaruh karakteristik organisasi (perilaku petugas kesehatan, perilaku kader, fasilitas pelayanan, kegiatan Posbindu PTM) terhadap pemanfaatan POSBINDU PTM di wilayah Puskesmas Helvetia.Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kelurahan Helvetia Tengah dan Helvetia Timur Kecamatan Medan Helvetia Kota Medan. Jenis penelitian adalah penelitian survai dengan tipe explanatory research. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah masyarakat berusia 15 tahun keatas. Sampel berjumlah 100 orang yang diambil dengan teknik Proportionate Stratified Random Sampling. Data primer diperoleh melalui wawancara langsung dengan menggunakan kuesioner. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah regresi linear berganda.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perilaku petugas kesehatan (p value= 0,000), perilaku kader (p value= 0,000), fasilitas pelayanan (p value= 0,000) berpengaruh terhadap pemanfaatan Posbindu PTM, sedangkan kegiatan Posbindu PTM (p value= 0,413) tidak berpengaruh terhadap pemanfaatan Posbindu PTM. Diperkirakan perilaku petugas kesehatan mempunyai kontribusi yang paling besar (B= 0,636) terhadap pemanfaatan POSBINDU PTM. Kemampuan variabel perilaku petugas kesehatan, perilaku kader dan fasilitas pelayanan untuk menjelaskan pemanfaatan POSBINDU PTM sebesar 91%. Secara umum pemanfaatan POSBINDU PTM akan semakin meningkat apabila perilaku petugas kesehatan, perilaku kader dan fasilitas pelayanan ditingkatkan.Disarankan dalam upaya peningkatan pemanfaatan pelayanan Posbindu PTM agar meningkatkan advokasi dan sosialisasi Posbindu PTM, meningkatkan kerjasama dengan lintas sektor terkait, mengganti kader yang tidak aktif, melatih kader Posbindu PTM, melengkapi sarana dan prasarana Posbindu PTM sesuai standard, membentuk Posbindu PTM disetiap kelurahan di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Helvetia, melakukan monitoring dan evaluasi kegiatan Posbindu PTM secara berkala serta pemerintah daerah diharapkan memberikan dukungan dana untuk menunjang keberlangsungan Posbindu PTM.
Peran ibu foundation dalam pemberdayaan dan pendanaan program kesehatan ibu dan anak di Indonesia
Authors: Hafdhallah Hafdhallah , Arisjulyanto Dedy
Published: August 2018

Keberhasilan upaya kesehatan ibu, di antaranya dapat dilihat dari indikator Angka Kematian Ibu (AKI). Angka kematian ibu di Indonesia berada di angka 305 per 100.000 kelahiran hidup dan AKB sebesar 22,23 per 1.000 kelahiran hidup berdasarkan hasil Survei Penduduk Antar Sensus 2015. Ketidak merataan fasilitas dan pelayanan kesehatan Ibu dan anak menjadi masalah utama di Indonesia, Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mendeskripsikan peran Ibu foundation dalam menggalang dana dan sumber daya lainnya dari masyarakat baik individu, kelompok, organisasi, perusahaan atau pemerintah dalam membiayai program dan kegiatan operasional program kesehatan ibu dan anak, Sumber data dalam penelitian ini adalah dari hasil studi literatur dan studi dokumentasi. Analisis data penelitian ini dilakukan dengan deskripstif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Ibu foundation memiliki peran dan kontribusi dalam penggalangan dana yang akan digunakan untuk pendanaan dan pemberdayaan Ibu dan anak di Indonesia. Kegiatan Ibu Foundation yang diadakan berbentuk kegiatan penggalangan dana melalui media maupun konser amal dan bermitra dengan banyak yayasan-yayasan dan LSM kesehatan lainnya, penggalangan dana melalui media dan konser amal adalah salah satu cara yang efektif dalam menggalang dana dengan menggunakan sistem ritail dana kemanusiaan, Melalui bank: ATM (transfer, phone dan internet banking), layanan donasi lewat sms contac person. Kesimpulan dalam penelitaian ini bahwa Ibu Foundation memiliki peran dan kontribusi yang baik dalam membantu pemerintah dalam mengatasi meningkatkan kesejahteraan Ibu dan anak di Indonesia melalui kegiatan Filantropi seperti penggalangan dana melalui media dan konser amal.
Acceptability and adoption of health-facility based NCD surveillance in Kulon Progo district, Yogyakarta
Authors: Rahayujati Theodola Baning
Published: August 2018

Background: Non-communicable diseases (NCD) have been recognized as the new disease pandemic to the developing world in recent years. In 2020, it is estimated that 70% of NCD-related deaths will occur in developing countries. The most prevalent NCD such as coronary heart diseases, cancer, respiratory diseases and diabetes mellitus. Since 2012 Indonesia MOH was established two main surveillance system i.e. health facility- and community-based surveillance systems. MOH report on 2015 showed those reporting from PHC less than 25%. The front-line of health facility-based surveillance is the primary health centers (PHC).  Data should undergo validity and quality check by the District and Provincial Health Office before being sent to the central reporting system.This study aim to evaluate the implementation of health-facility based NCD surveillance and develops recommendations for increasing coverage NCD surveillance in Kulon Progo District. Method: We used RE-AIM (only Reach and Adoption) framework for evaluating the surveillance system. The Reach variables are coverage, knowledge, acceptance, constraint, infrastructure and feasibility. 76 NCD team at PHC and District Health office included doctor, nurse, program manager and laboratory staffs were interviewed and observed using a standardize questionnaire and checked list. Secondary data on NCD surveillance reports were collected and reviewed. Qualitative study were conducted through semi structured interviews and FGDs to evaluate acceptance, constraints and barriers of implementation. Descriptive analysis was used to analyze quantitative data and content analysis was performed on the qualitative data. Result: This study found that most of the health officer involving in the non-communicable program was having fair knowledge on web based NCD surveillance, and only 5% of the respondent has a good understanding on it. There are 19 Puskesmas was assessed on the completeness of the data entry on web based NCD surveillance.
History of Rakhine State and the Origin of the Rohingya Muslims
Authors: Mohajan Haradhan Kumar
Published: August 2018

The Rohingya, a Muslim ethnic minority group in Rakhine, are considered among the most persecuted, vulnerable, and oppressed minorities in the world. Recently, the persecution on the Rohingya Muslims has increased due to Buddhist nationalism in Myanmar. The Rohingya continue to suffer from several forms of restrictions and human rights violations in Myanmar due to them being denied Myanmar citizenship. They are victims of various forms of oppression, such as arbitrary taxation, land confiscation, destruction of mosques, torture and ill-treatment, extrajudicial executions, restrictions on movements, forced eviction and house destruction, forced laborers on roads and at military camps, and financial restrictions on marriage. Since the 1970s, a number of crackdowns on the Rohingya in Rakhine have forced them to flee to neighboring countries. More than one million Rohingyas have migrated to refugee camps in the Bangladeshi district of Cox’s Bazar. This article deals with the origin of the Rohingya, the form of their citizenship, and recent oppression in the Rakhine State of Myanmar.
Intertemporal Analysis of Child Mistreatment in Colombia
Authors: Gallardo Lizarazo María del Pilar , Molinello Blanquicet Humberto
Published: August 2018

The area of social pediatrics and public health deals with the child and adolescent, healthy and sick, in their individual interactions and with the community in the physical and human environment in which it develops. This research analyzes the behavior of child maltreatment in Colombia during the years 2013 to 2018 in order to propose statistical models that explain it and make reliable predictions of great utility as a basis for the state's health plans. The work is developed from the databases of the National Institute of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences, the Child Welfare Observatory of the Colombian Family Welfare Institute and the Integral Information System, for the variables: intrafamily violence, interpersonal violence and sexual crimes, disaggregated by age cohorts from 0 to 4, 5 to 9, 10 to 14 and 15 to 17 years. The corresponding ARIMA model is estimated in each case.
Evaluación de la efectividad de distintas formulaciones de jabón con extracto de Hypericum mexicanum L.
Authors: Corzo-Barragán Diana Carolina , Gaitán-Vaca Diana Milena
Published: August 2018

Con el objetivo de evaluar la efectividad de distintas formulaciones de jabón líquido y sólido con extracto etanólico de Hypericum mexicanum L., se llevó a cabo una prueba de manipuladores. El recuento microbiano permitió analizar la efectividad en cada uno de los tratamientos evaluados, encontrando que el jabón líquido y sólido en concentración del 0,1% de extracto es el más efectivo; sin embargo, no existen diferencias significativas entre la concentración de extracto (0,1 – 0,2%) y el control (jabón comercial). Por otro lado, usando el método de difusión en disco, se evaluó la actividad antimicrobiana de los distintos tratamientos, frente a (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis y Pseudomonas aeruginosa), con lo cual se determinó que: 1) el jabón líquido en concentración de 0,1% y 0,2% de extracto vegetal y el jabón comercial inhiben el crecimiento de Escherichia coli; 2) todos los tratamientos presentaron inhibición frente a Staphylococcus aureus, exceptuando el de uso comercial y el sólido con extracto vegetal al 0,1%; 3) para  Staphylococcus epidermidis, se presentó una inhibición del jabón sólido y líquido sin extracto y del jabón líquido con extracto vegetal al 0, 2%; 4) en la evaluación de Pseudomonas aeruginosa, se observó inhibición del jabón líquido con concentración de extracto del 0,1% y 0,2% y del jabón comercial.
Manejo estratégico de la producción de residuos estériles de minería sustentable, utilizando prácticas mineras eco-eficientes en Colombia
Authors: Casadiego Quintero Efraín , Gutiérrez Bayona Andrés Giovanni , Herrera Lopez Miguel Ángel , Páez Rojas Martha Liliana
Published: August 2018

La minería es considerada una de las actividades económicas que más produce contaminación a las fuentes hídricas y suelos,  además de ser la explotación de un recurso finito en el cual se generan residuos estériles que terminan como escombros o vertidos en ríos. La responsabilidad y conciencia que han tomado las empresas y universidades sobre los daños causados ha hecho que se innove e invierta en tecnología que mejore la extracción y genere un sistema donde se pueda producir materiales sin usar químicos como cianuro y mercurio. En este artículo se presenta un trabajo realizado en la mina  “Sociedad Minera la Elsy en Vetas, Santander” en conjunto con un grupo de investigación para diseñar un sistema sustentable efectivo de extracción y se muestra el estudio realizado a los residuos estériles para utilizarlos como agregados para construcción
Aprovechamiento de residuos agroindustriales en Colombia
Authors: Peñaranda Gonzalez Laura Victoria , Montenegro Gómez Sandra Patricia , Giraldo Abad Paula Andrea
Published: August 2018

En Colombia, el  Departamento Nacional de Planeación proyectó para el 2018, el 20% en aprovechamiento de residuos que van a los rellenos e incentivar el reciclaje, sin embargo no ha logrado superar el 17%, por lo tanto es prioritario incluir mecanismos de articulación del componente productivo y de investigación científica y tecnológica. En este artículo se  relacionan importantes fuentes de residuos agroindustriales en Colombia, presentando algunas alternativas  de subproductos en las que se aprovechan sus características y propiedades para obtener materiales que pueden ser utilizados en otros procesos como la industria de la construcción, biocombustibles, productos farmacéuticos, cosméticos y  nutricionales;  es el caso del  glicerol, residuos de papa y café tanto de cultivo como procesados, arroz y caña de azúcar en el grupo de las gramíneas, y residuos de frutas y verduras. Se concluye que Colombia debe implementar el desarrollo de diversos procesos y/o productos que sean competitivos y cumplan con las respectivas normas de calidad para incursionar en los mercados del mundo.