bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Methyl jasmonate effects on sugarbeet root responses to postharvest dehydration
Authors: Finger Fernando L. , Eide John D. , Lafta Abbas M. , Khan Mohamed F.R. , Dogramaci Munevver , Fugate Karen K.
Published: June 2021

Background

Sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.) roots are stored under conditions that cause roots to dehydrate, which increases postharvest losses. Although exogenous jasmonate applications can reduce drought stress in intact plants, their ability to alleviate the effects of dehydration in postharvest sugarbeet roots or other stored plant products is unknown. Research was conducted to determine whether jasmonate treatment could mitigate physiological responses to dehydration in postharvest sugarbeet roots.

Methods

Freshly harvested sugarbeet roots were treated with 10 µM methyl jasmonate (MeJA) or water and stored under dehydrating and non-dehydrating storage conditions. Changes in fresh weight, respiration rate, wound healing, leaf regrowth, and proline metabolism of treated roots were investigated throughout eight weeks in storage.

Results

Dehydrating storage conditions increased root weight loss, respiration rate, and proline accumulation and prevented leaf regrowth from the root crown. Under dehydrating conditions, MeJA treatment reduced root respiration rate, but only in severely dehydrated roots. MeJA treatment also hastened wound-healing, but only in the late stages of barrier formation. MeJA treatment did not impact root weight loss or proline accumulation under dehydrating conditions or leaf regrowth under non-dehydrating conditions. Both dehydration and MeJA treatment affected expression of genes involved in proline metabolism. In dehydrated roots, proline dehydrogenase expression declined 340-fold, suggesting that dehydration-induced proline accumulation was governed by reducing proline degradation. MeJA treatment altered proline biosynthetic and catabolic gene expression, with greatest effect in non-dehydrated roots. Overall, MeJA treatment alleviated physiological manifestations of dehydration stress in stored roots, although the beneficial effects were small. Postharvest jasmonate applications, therefore, are unlikely to significantly reduce dehydration-related storage losses in sugarbeet roots.
Chitosan Application as Edible Packaging Raw Material
Authors: Junianto . , Mametapo Maria M. N. , Aulia Arijjal Fadhli , Fitriyanti . , A'yun Nabila Qurrata
Published: June 2021

Chitosan extracted from shrimp or crab can be made as raw material for biodegradable packaging. The purpose of this article is to review the advantages of chitosan as a raw material for packaging, the extraction method of chitosan, the properties and quality of chitosan, biodegradable packaging, manufacturing methods, and properties of packaging made from chitosan and the development of chitosan products for packaging materials. Chitosan is a raw material for packaging that can be parsed, commonly called biodegradable packaging, non-toxic and anti-bacterial. The method of making chitosan is removing minerals and removing protein from shrimp, crab, or ranjungan shells to obtain chitin, followed by the chitin acetylation process to obtain chitosan. The quality of chitosan is listed in SNI No.7949 (2013), where this standardization includes color, moisture content, ash content, nitrogen content, and degree of deacetylation. Chitosan has been used for edible coating material and edible film material, both of which have different manufacturing methods and characteristics. The development of chitosan as raw material for degradable packaging is that chitosan is made in nanoparticle size.
The Use of Natural Anesthetic Ingredients for Clove Oil in Transportation of Juvenile Swordtail (Xiphophorus helleri)
Authors: Manik Kelvin , Lili Walim , Rosidah . , Grandiosa Roffi
Published: June 2021

This research aims to determine the most effective concentration of clove oil and the best period in the transportation of swordtail (Xiphophorius helleri) with the highest survival rate. This research used the factorial randomized block design (FRBD) which consisting of four treatments of concentration (10 x 10-3 mL, 13 x 10-3 mL, 16 x 10-3 mL), three treatments of duration (3 hours, 5 hours, 7 hours), and repeated three times. The measured parameters are induction time, conscious recovery time, and survival rate after transportation. The results showed that the treatment of 10 x 10-3 mL with the duration of 5 hours was an effective treatment with an average induction time of 17 minutes 56 seconds, a conscious recovery time of 7 minutes 37 seconds, the survival rate of 100% at post-transportation and after 7 days of rearing is 83%. Water quality after transportation are temperature (24.6 ℃), DO (14.72 mg / L), pH (6.42) and ammonia (0.0043 mg/L).
An Emerging Era for Targeted Drug Delivery: Nanosponges
Authors: Shah Akrutiben A. , Kehinde Ezekiel O. , Patel Janki
Published: June 2021

Many forms of Pharmaceutical product like nanosponge, nanoemulsion, nano-micelles, and nanosomes have been developed using nanotechnology. The size of Nanosponges is like that of a virus. They are very tiny in size and can permeate through the skin easily. Nanosponges can be distributed throughout the body until they reach their specific target area, where they adhere to the surface and the drug is released in a controlled manner, rather than circulating throughout the body. Nanosponge is a promising strategy to overcome problems associated with formulations such as poor bioavailability, drug toxicity, drug degradation, drug solubility and site specificity of drug. Both lipophillic and hydrophilic drug are incorporated in nanosponge. They can also act as biocatalysts and carrier for enzymes, antibodies, protein and vaccines. The use of a biodegradable polymer can help to maintain a constant drug level by allowing the drug to be released in a controlled way. Technologies employed in nanosponge formulations have been widely studied for drug delivery by topical, oral as well as parenteral administration. Improvement of solubility of poorly water soluble drug is another significant characteristic of Nanosponges. The primary goal of this review article is to provide a basic understanding of nanosponges, including their preparation process, advantages and disadvantages, as well as methods of evaluation and applications.
Drug Repurposing: A Review
Authors: Bhagat Rani Teksinh , Butle Santosh Ramarao
Published: June 2021

The drug development is a very time consuming and complex process. Drug development Process is Expensive. Success rate for the new drug development is very small. In recent years, decreases the new drugs development. The powerful tools are developed to support the research and development (R&D) process is essential. The Drug repurposing are helpful for research and development process. The drug re-purposing as an approach finds new therapeutic uses for current candidates or existing candidates or approved drugs, different from its original application. The main aimed of Drug repurposing is to reduce costs and research time investments in Research & Development. It is used for the diagnosis and treatment of various diseases. Repositioning is important over traditional approaches and need for effective therapies. Drug re-purposing identifies new application for already banned or existing drugs from market. In drug design, drug repurposing plays important role, because it helps to preclinical development. It reducing time eﬀorts, expenses and failures in drug discovery process. It is also called as drug repositioning, drug redirecting, drug reprofiling.
Impacto da terapia nutricional em pacientes com câncer de cabeça e pescoço com desnutrição: uma revisão sistemática
Authors: Souza Vanessa Gomes , Dantas Juliana Borges de Lima , Martins Gabriela Botelho , Pereira Manoela Carrera Martinez Cavalcante , Reis Sílvia Regina de Almeida , Medrado Alena Ribeiro Alves Peixoto
Published: June 2021

Introdução: o câncer de cabeça e pescoço (CCP) ocupa o 5º lugar entre as neoplasias mais prevalentes no Brasil. Por acometer regiões
que estão relacionadas diretamente à alimentação, os efeitos secundários ao tratamento provoca diminuição da ingesta alimentar,
que favorece perda de peso acelerada e desnutrição. A terapia nutricional (TN) contribui para a minimização desses efeitos, pois
visa à manutenção ou recuperação do estado nutricional. Objetivo: avaliar o impacto da TN em pacientes com CCP com desnutrição,
e na minimização dos efeitos colaterais advindos do tratamento antineoplásico. Metodologia: trata-se uma revisão sistemática,
utilizando-se as bases de dados eletrônicas Lilacs, Medline, Pubmed, periódicos CAPES e Scielo, através dos descritores: “nutritional
therapy”, “head and neck neoplasms” e “malnutrition”. Os critérios de inclusão estabelecidos foram ensaios clínicos randomizados,
escritos em inglês e publicados entre os anos de 2013 e 2018; participantes dos estudos deveriam apresentar idade superior a 19
anos e submetidos a qualquer tipo e fase de tratamento oncológico. Resultados: observou-se um total de 755 indivíduos com CCP que
participaram dos seis ensaios clínicos selecionados. Os estudos avaliaram o impacto nutricional no uso de suplementos alimentares
e na eficácia da terapia enteral. Destes, apenas quatro constataram diferença em relação a intervenção nutricional (p<0,05) e dois
não relataram resultados significativos (p>0,05). O acompanhamento nutricional mostra-se necessário para reduzir os riscos de piora
do estado nutricional e da qualidade de vida. Conclusão: a TN oral ou enteral podem ser implementadas, para garantir a melhora
da condição nutricional e de saúde do paciente com CCP.
Dermatophytoses in patients attended from a private clinical analysis laboratory in João Pessoa-PB, between 2015 to 2019
Authors: Andrade Júnior Francisco Patricio de , Cordeiro Laísa Vilar , Lima Edeltrudes de Oliveira
Published: June 2021

Introduction: dermatophytoses or “tineas” are characterized by being mycoses caused by fungi of the genera Epidermophyton, Trichophyton and Microsporum. These mycotic infections can present themselves as a form of lesions that affect the skin, hair and ails of individuals of both genders and all ages. Objective: to elucidate the epidemiological profile of dermatophytoses in patients examined by a private clinical analysis laboratory in João Pessoa-PB, between 2015 and 2019. Methodology: this is an epidemiological, analytical, retrospective and documentary study, in which data collection took place at the Clinical Pathology Laboratory – “HEMATO”, located in João Pessoa – PB. Results: the profile of those affected was predominantly female (58.5%), 18 to 59 years old (38.4%), white (53.6%) and with lesions, mainly in skin glabrous (38.5%), feet (33.3%) and nails (12.8%). When relating the age group to the injury site, it was noticed that injuries on glabrous skin, feet and nails, were more frequent in individuals aged 18 to 59 years, while injuries to the scalp were mostly found in individuals younger than 18 years old. The most prevalent species were M. canis (31.9%) and T.rubrum (31.9%). When correlating the fungal species with the lesion site, it was noted that M. canis was the main agent responsible for lesions in glabrous skin, scalp and hands, while T. rubrum was predominantly observed in nails and T. mentagrophytes in feet. Conclusion: it is concluded that the data present in this research can promote the development of indicators and public policies for the population most susceptible to dermatophytosis.
Nível de atividade física, qualidade do sono e de vida em pacientes com doença arterial periférica
Authors: Fukushima Fallaci Ariel , De Jesus da Silva Mendes Daiana , Silva dos Santos João Victor , Borges de Carvalho Alice Maria , Pereira Vieira Barreto Nilo Manoel , Magalhães Novais Michelli Christina
Published: June 2021

Introdução: a Doença Arterial Periférica (DAP) decorre do estreitamento ou oclusão arterial, que interfere no aporte sanguíneo das extremidades inferiores. A DAP pode levar a um repouso prolongado, causando prejuízos à qualidade de vida e do sono dos pacientes, devido à dor e receio de lesão. Objetivo: descrever o nível de atividade física, a qualidade de vida e do sono em pacientes com DAP. Metodologia: trata-se de um estudo observacional, epidemiológico e transversal, realizado no Hospital Geral de Camaçari-BA. Foram incluídos pacientes com diagnóstico de DAP, ambos os sexos, com idade superior a 18 anos, internados no referido hospital. Foram excluídos os pacientes com distúrbios psiquiátricos e dificuldade de compreensão dos questionários. Para a avaliação do nível de atividade física foi utilizado o Questionário Internacional de Atividade física, para Qualidade de Vida o questionário Short Form Health Survey 36, para qualidade do sono Índice de Qualidade do Sono de Pittsburgh e para Claudicação Intermitente o Questionário de Edimburgo. Resultados: dos 27 pacientes analisados, 55,6% (15/27) eram do sexo feminino e 44,4% (12/27) masculino, 37% (10/27) de cor/raça preta. A média de idade foi de 62,6±8,3 anos, peso 71,8±16,2kg, altura 164,8±8,3cm e IMC 26,3±5. A maioria relatou ser ativo, 33,3% (9/27). Segundo a SF-36 o domínio mais limitante foi “dor” (28,6), o escore global do PSQI foi de 10,4 e a maioria (81,5%) não apresentava claudicação intermitente. Conclusão: a presença de DAP foi mais frequente nos idosos e foram identificados a presença de distúrbios do sono e diminuição da qualidade de vida.
CORPUS PARA PESQUISAS EM INGLÊS COMO LÍNGUA FRANCA (ILF): ONDE ESTAMOS E PARA ONDE VAMOS
Authors: Almeida Ana Beatriz , Porfirio Lucielen
Published: June 2021

O Inglês como Língua Franca (ILF) surge de interações em contextos comunicativos multilíngues nos quais o Inglês é conhecido pelos falantes e está sempre na mistura durante a interação (JENKINS, 2015). Para compreender ILF, corpora disponibilizaram dados empíricos para pesquisas em vários locais do mundo (VOICE, 2001; ELFA, 2004). Com o aumento de estudos em ILF no Brasil, Gimenez e Bordini (2014) notaram uma lacuna em estudos empíricos com uma perspectiva local de ILF. Assim, apresentamos um mapeamento de pesquisas com base em corpora em ILF no Brasil entre 2001 e 2018. Para isso, foram realizadas buscas na plataforma CAPES, Google Scholar e referências dos trabalhos analisados com foco em Inglês como Língua Franca, Inglês como Língua Internacional e pesquisa de corpus. A partir dos resultados encontrados, sugerimos um banco de dados com interações em ILF ocorridas no país visando fornecer subsídios para trabalhos locais ou em uma escala mais abrangente.
SENTIDOS ADORMECIDOS: O DESPERTAR DIALÓGICO ENTRE ENUNCIADOS DISTANTES NO TEMPO E NO ESPAÇO
Authors: Reich da Silva João Augusto , Valério Patrícia Da Silva
Published: June 2021

Este artigo propõe-se a analisar, à luz dos estudos do Círculo de Bakhtin, as ressonâncias dialógicas entre os discursos veiculados pelo pronunciamento do ex-Secretário Especial da Cultura do governo brasileiro, Roberto Alvim, divulgado em janeiro de 2020, e o pronunciamento de Joseph Goebbels, em maio de 1933, quando este estava à frente do Ministério da Instrução Popular e Propaganda do Terceiro Reich. Para tanto, é revisada a noção de enunciado e o conceito de dialogismo, de acordo com Bakhtin (2011 [1952-1953] [1959-1961]; 2018 [1963]) e Volóchinov (2019 [1926]). A análise aponta para semelhanças encontradas entre os pronunciamentos de Alvim e de Goebbels, decorrentes de condições históricas, sociais e políticas, que contribuem para o alinhamento desses dois enunciados a um discurso nacionalista de cunho totalitário.
O DESENVOLVIMENTO DA COMPETÊNCIA INTERCULTURAL PRAGMÁTICA E OS ESTEREÓTIPOS NO ENSINO DE ELE
Authors: Domingos Crisbelli , Godoy Elena
Published: June 2021

O objetivo neste trabalho é demonstrar que o desenvolvimento de uma competência intercultural pragmática e os estereótipos no ensino de ELE são mais amplamente entendidos, tanto em seus conceitos particulares como na relação entre eles, quando observados a partir da ideia de atração cultural. A teoria de Sperber (2012) e Claidière, Scott-Phillips e Sperber (2014) visa à descrição causal e natural dos fenômenos culturais, e o ensino, especificamente o de língua adicional, oferece elementos observáveis a partir dessa descrição, entre eles o apontamento dos atratores que contribuem para a própria evolução cultural.
APRESENTAÇÃO: O PAPEL DA PRAGMÁTICA NA VISÃO DE KANAVILLIL RAJAGOPALAN
Authors: Pontes Camilla Santero , Aguirre Cecilia
Published: June 2021

Dentre os linguistas brasileiros que contribuíram para o desenvolvimento da Pragmática no Brasil destaca-se o professor Kanavillil Rajagopalan. Professor Titular na área de Semântica e Pragmática das Línguas Naturais da Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Rajagopalan inaugurou, junto com Rodolfo Ilari, o debate no âmbito da Linguística sobre os limites do significado entre Semântica e Pragmática e sobre a validade de argumentos interpretativos – os elementos extralinguísticos como o falante, suas intenções comunicativas, o contexto – contribuindo desta forma com a discussão sobre o próprio objeto de estudo da Linguística e para a constituição da Pragmática como área de estudo na academia brasileira. Colocamos de relevo aqui algumas de suas contribuições, pois inspiraram a realização deste dossiê.
LA CORTESÍA LINGÜÍSTICA EN LA CONVERSACIÓN COLOQUIAL: LOS MARCADORES ¿NÉ? Y ¿CACHÁI? EN LA GESTIÓN DE LAS IMÁGENES SOCIALES
Authors: De Andrade Adriana Marcelle , Pereira Cleiton Bartolomeu Pontes
Published: June 2021

Cada cultura posee un conjunto de características que permiten que una estrategia de cortesía lingüística no suceda de la misma manera en dos o más comunidades de habla. En este sentido, con base en la Pragmática sociocultural, en especial Diana Bravo (1999, 2004), comparamos estrategias de cortesía lingüística presentes en dos comunidades de habla, Natal, Brasil, y Santiago, Chile, buscando contrastar su producción lingüística en un mismo contexto interaccional. Para tanto, analizamos diálogos de universitarios brasileños y chilenos investigando el fenómeno de la cortesía lingüística por intermedio de los marcadores discursivos ¿né? y ¿cachái?. Al contrastarlos, identificamos que la partícula ¿né? se involucra en la gestión de las imágenes de cordialidad, cooperación y semejanza y que la partícula ¿cachái? actúa en la gestión de las imágenes de orden y jerarquía.
A PERSPECTIVA INTERCULTURAL NA FORMAÇÃO DOCENTE: NOVOS DESAFIOS, VELHAS QUESTÕES
Authors: Rosa Patricia Argôlo
Published: June 2021

O presente artigo objetiva problematizar a perspectiva intercultural trazendo para discussão novos desafios e velhas questões para a formação docente. Através das contribuições teóricas de Azibeiro (2003), Freire (1988), Mendes (2019; 2020), Paraquett (2010), Rosa (2017), Tubino (2012), entre outros, alguns resultados dos estudos realizados no doutorado em Língua e Cultura da Universidade Federal da Bahia são apresentados. Para responder as perguntas de pesquisa, foram utilizados três instrumentos de geração de dados (questionário, entrevistas semiestruturadas e registros etnográficos) além da análise dos documentos (projeto pedagógico do curso e os programas dos componentes curriculares). Os resultados trazem à tona questões e implicações que aprofundam a compreensão da perspectiva intercultural como um dos desafios para a formação docente.
A LEITURA E A BIBLIOTECA ESCOLAR: IMPLICAÇÕES À FORMAÇÃO DE LEITORES NOS DOCUMENTOS NORMATIVOS BRASILEIROS (2011-2020)
Authors: Carmo Edileide Da Silva Reis do
Published: June 2021

Este artigo atualiza a discussão sobre leitura e biblioteca escolar, produzida durante o mestrado no Programa de Pós-graduação em Língua e Cultura, da Universidade Federal da Bahia. Baseia-se em documentos normativos brasileiros ligados à leitura, à literatura, à escrita, ao livro e à biblioteca, elaborados de 2011 a 2020. Numa perspectiva crítico-comparativa, apoiada na pesquisa qualitativa e Linguística Aplicada, o presente trabalho objetiva discutir a formação de leitores no Brasil, mediante a análise documental, considerando também particularidades da rede pública soteropolitana. Essa profusão de referenciais legais com o escopo supracitado evidencia que boas políticas públicas de formação leitora e socioeducacional são descontinuadas ou interrompidas, assim faltam bibliotecas e bibliotecários nas escolas do Brasil, comprometendo o desenvolvimento de suas comunidades.
DO ALiB AO ALiB: O ESTUDO DA DITONGAÇÃO DIANTE DE -S EM DIFERENTES TEMPOS
Authors: Silva Amanda Dos Reis
Published: June 2021

Este artigo aborda o estudo da ditongação diante de -S, fenômeno que se manifesta em pa(i)z, de(i)z, trê(i)s, vo(i)z, lu(i)z etc. Trata-se de um processo característico do Português Brasileiro (PB), em face do Português Europeu (LEITE DE VASCONCELOS, 1970 [1901] e outros). Destacam-se, neste texto, os estudos desenvolvidos no âmbito do Projeto Atlas Linguístico do Brasil (ALiB). A investigação do fenômeno limitava-se a comentários esparsos em textos que davam conta dos estudos sobre o PB, em geral, ou a investigações sociolinguísticas que se restringiam a pequenos grupos de falantes e localidades, principalmente do Sul do país (cf. LEIRIA, 1998; TASCA, 2000; HAUPT, 2007). A partir do ano de 2008, começaram a ser levantados os dados referentes ao fenômeno com base no corpus do ALiB. No âmbito do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Língua e Cultura (PPGLinC) da UFBA, desenvolveram-se a dissertação (2012-2014) e a tese (2014-2018) da autora, as quais dão informações acerca do fenômeno em 25 capitais brasileiras e 22 cidades do estado da Bahia, respectivamente. Por meio de análises dialetais, sociolinguísticas e, com base no aparato da Fonética Acústica, sabe-se que, além da diferenciação diatópica, há questões de ordem acústico-articulatórias e sociohistóricas que justificam a existência dessa ditongação no PB e a primazia de determinadas comunidades no uso das variantes ditongadas. Atualmente, prossegue-se a análise do fenômeno em áreas do Nordeste brasileiro constituintes da rede de pontos no ALiB.
DOS MEANDROS DO PASSADO À CONSTRUÇÃO DE ESTRATÉGIAS METODOLÓGICAS: UM RELATO SOBRE PESQUISAS DESENVOLVIDAS NO ÂMBITO DA LEXICOGRAFIA HISTÓRICO-VARIACIONAL
Authors: Sampaio Lisana Rodrigues Trindade
Published: June 2021

Pretende-se, neste trabalho, a partir da apresentação das pesquisas realizadas no âmbito da lexicografia histórico-variacional, desde a iniciação científica, perpassando pelo mestrado até o doutorado, registrar os métodos e técnicas que têm norteado a sistematização dos itens lexicais patentes na documentação remanescente importante para o conhecimento da constituição histórica da língua portuguesa. Nessa perspectiva, no esteio dos estudos de Mattos e Silva (2006) e Machado Filho (2014; 2012), considera-se, aqui, essa documentação um subsídio para investigar a constituição histórica da língua portuguesa. Por essa razão, os corpora selecionados são ponto de partida, assim como ratifica-se aqui a necessária articulação entre o labor filológico e os preceitos da linguística histórica para a construção de estratégias metodológicas próprias à lexicografa histórico-variacional.
A METÁFORA NA LINHA DE FRENTE: MAPEAMENTOS DE GUERRA NA CONCEPTUALIZAÇÃO DA PANDEMIA DE COVID-19
Authors: Vereza Solange Coelho
Published: June 2021

Este artigo tem como objetivo propor e explorar, teórica e analiticamente, a metáfora conceptual COMBATE À PANDEMIA DE COVID-19 É GUERRA, com base em seus mapeamentos, instanciados em textos verbais e multimodais. A reflexão desenvolvida é empiricamente respaldada por dados coletados em resultados de busca da Plataforma Google e no Corpus do Português Online. A análise tem como foco os mapeamentos estabelecidos a partir de vários elementos-fonte estruturantes do domínio GUERRA, como “arma”, “inimigo”, “agonista/soldado” e “herói”. A discussão será norteada pela hipótese de que mapeamentos seletivos perspectivam elementos-alvo do domínio COMBATE À PANDEMIA DE COVID-19, sendo sempre inseridos em uma dada situação discursiva, que, configurada por elementos contextuais, também participa do processo de perspectivação como um todo. A pesquisa se apoia nos seguintes conceitos teóricos, que se inserem na área da Linguística Cognitiva: metáfora conceptual, mapeamento, elementos-fonte e perspectivação. Esses conceitos também são mobilizados como unidades de análise dos textos examinados.
NORMALIDADE É LIBERDADE ECONÔMICA: TÁTICAS DE ENQUADRAMENTO SOBRE O EVENTO DA PANDEMIA DA COVID-19 NO DISCURSO PRESIDENCIAL
Authors: Lisboa Júnior Jorge Luiz Ferreira , De Almeida Maria Lucia Leitão
Published: June 2021

Este estudo discute algumas táticas de enquadramento sobre o evento da pandemia da COVID-19 em dois pronunciamentos do atual presidente da República. A partir do quadro teórico da semântica cognitiva, buscamos mostrar como essas táticas de enquadramento dependem do uso da linguagem metafórica e imaginativa para a negação de cenários da pandemia. Analisamos as seguintes táticas de enquadramento: NORMALIDADE É LIBERDADE ECONÔMICA, IMPORTÂNCIA É TAMANHO e FALSA CAUSALIDADE. Argumentamos também que o discurso de negação de cenários da pandemia baseia-se tipicamente em uma estratégia mais geral de enquadramento do tipo cross-frame negation (FILLMORE, 1985), que pode ser muito bem projetada em uma estrutura de pressuposição discursiva. Essa estrutura pressuposicional discursiva se estabelece por meio de um contra-frame em negação a outro frame convencionalmente compartilhado no discurso. Nossa reflexão pretende apontar para a importância de conhecermos padrões de estilo cognitivo que envolvem o discurso político quando comprometido com a negação como política de Estado.
ESTAMOS SEMPRE EM GUERRA? ESTUDO COGNITIVO SÓCIO-HISTÓRICO DE UMA METÁFORA DA GRIPE ESPANHOLA E DA COVID-19
Authors: Almeida A. Ariadne Domingues
Published: June 2021

Apresentam-se resultados de um estudo que objetivou refletir sobre a metáfora DOENÇA É GUERRA, no âmbito das pandemias de Gripe Espanhola e COVID-19. Os pressupostos da Semântica Cognitiva Sócio-histórica, vertente da Linguística Cognitiva, alicerçaram teoricamente a pesquisa empreendida que teve natureza qualitativa e foi realizada a partir da abordagem exploratória, descritiva e interpretativa do corpus que, por sua parte, foi constituído por expressões linguísticas coletadas de textos jornalísticos publicados no Jornal Correio da Manhã, em 1918 e em 2020, anos marcados, respectivamente, pelas pandemias de Gripe Espanhola e de COVID-19. Após a finalização do estudo, constatou-se que essa metáfora é estruturada por frames, a exemplo de AÇÃO BÉLICA e ESTRATÉGIA DE GUERRA. Além disso, averiguaram-se diferenças de esquematicidade/especificidade na conceptualização dessas doenças.
3D Printed Graphene‐Based 3000 K Probe
Authors: Liang Zhiqiang , Yao Yonggang , Jiang Bo , Wang Xizheng , Xie Hua , Jiao Miaolun , Liang Chu , Qiao Haiyu , Kline Dylan , Zachariah Michael R. , Hu Liangbing
Published: June 2021

High‐temperature heating is ubiquitously utilized in material synthesis and manufacturing, which often features a rapid production rate due to the significantly improved kinetics. However, current technologies generally provide overall and steady‐state heating, thereby limiting their applications in micro/nano‐manufacturing that require selective patterning and swift heating. Herein, significantly improved control over small‐scale heating is reported by utilizing 3D printed reduced‐graphene‐oxide (RGO) probe triggered by electrical Joule heating, which enables precise heating with high spatial (sub‐millimeter scale) and temporal (milliseconds) resolutions. The block copolymer‐modified aqueous‐based RGO ink enabled 3D printing of high‐precision structures, and a bio‐inspired cellular microstructure is constructed to achieve control of the electrical conductivity and maximize structure robustness (benefit for efficient heating and operability). In particular, a thermal probe featuring a microscale tip with excellent heating capabilities (up to ≈3000 K, ultra‐fast ramping rate of ≈105 K s−1, and durations in milliseconds) is fabricated. This thermal probe is ideal for surface patterning, as it is demonstrated for the selective synthesis of patterned metal (i.e., platinum and silver) nanoparticles on nano‐carbon substrates, which is not possible by traditional steady‐state heating. The material construction and heating strategy can be readily extended to a range of applications requiring precise control on high‐temperature heating.
Ball‐Cactus‐Like Bi Embedded in N‐Riched Carbon Nanonetworks Enables the Best Potassium Storage Performance
Authors: Cui Rong Chao , Zhou Hong Yu , Li Jian Chen , Yang Chun Cheng , Jiang Qing
Published: June 2021

The potassium‐ion battery (PIB) has emerged as a promising alternative to lithium‐ion batteries. The major challenges confronted by PIB anodes lie in sluggish kinetics and poor cycling stability owing to the inherent large K+ size. Here, a hybrid of ball‐cactus‐like Bi nanospheres embedded in 3D N‐riched carbon nanonetworks (Bi NSs/NCNs) is designed and synthesized by electrospinning. As an anode, Bi NSs/NCNs exhibits an unprecedented rate (489.3 mAh g−1 at 50 A g−1) and long‐cycling performance (457.8 mAh g−1 at 10 A g−1 after 2000 cycles), outperforming all reported PIB anode materials. Such outstanding performance mainly originates from the stable solid‐electrolyte interface formed in the glyme‐based electrolyte and the unique interconnected porous nanostructure, both of which contribute to fast kinetics and high pseudocapacitive contributions upon cycling.
Renal Regeneration: The Role of Extracellular Matrix and Current ECM‐Based Tissue Engineered Strategies
Authors: Sobreiro‐Almeida Rita , Quinteira Rita , Neves Nuno M.
Published: June 2021

Natural extracellular matrices (ECM) are currently being studied as an alternative source for organ transplantation or as new solutions to treat kidney injuries, which can evolve to end‐stage renal disease, a life devastating condition. This paper provides an overview on the current knowledge in kidney ECM and its usefulness on future investigations. The composition and structure of kidney ECM is herein associated with its intrinsic capacity of remodeling and repair after insult. Moreover, it provides a deeper insight on altered ECM components during disease. The use of decellularized kidney matrices is discussed in the second part of the review, with emphasis on how these matrices contribute to tissue‐specific differentiation of embryonic, pluripotent, and other stem cells. The evolution on the field toward different uses of xenogeneic ECM as a biological scaffold material is discussed, namely the major outcomes on whole kidney recellularization and its in vivo implantation. At last, the recent literature on the use of processed kidney decellularized ECM to produce diverse biomaterial substrates, such as hydrogels, membranes, and bioinks are reviewed, with emphasis on future perspectives of its translation into the clinic.
Core Cross‐Linked Polymeric Micelles for Specific Iron Delivery: Inducing Sterile Inflammation in Macrophages
Authors: Bauer Tobias A. , Horvat Natalie K. , Marques Oriana , Chocarro Sara , Mertens Christina , Colucci Silvia , Schmitt Sascha , Carrella Luca M. , Morsbach Svenja , Koynov Kaloian , Fenaroli Federico , Blümler Peter , Jung Michaela , Sotillo Rocio , Hentze Matthias W. , Muckenthaler Martina U. , Barz Matthias
Published: June 2021

Iron is an essential co‐factor for cellular processes. In the immune system, it can activate macrophages and represents a potential therapeutic for various diseases. To specifically deliver iron to macrophages, iron oxide nanoparticles are embedded in polymeric micelles of reactive polysarcosine‐block‐poly(S‐ethylsulfonyl‐l‐cysteine). Upon surface functionalization via dihydrolipoic acid, iron oxide cores act as crosslinker themselves and undergo chemoselective disulfide bond formation with the surrounding poly(S‐ethylsulfonyl‐l‐cysteine) block, yielding glutathione‐responsive core cross‐linked polymeric micelles (CCPMs). When applied to primary murine and human macrophages, these nanoparticles display preferential uptake, sustained intracellular iron release, and induce a strong inflammatory response. This response is also demonstrated in vivo when nanoparticles are intratracheally administered to wild‐type C57Bl/6N mice. Most importantly, the controlled release concept to deliver iron oxide in redox‐responsive CCPMs induces significantly stronger macrophage activation than any other iron source at identical iron levels (e.g., Feraheme), directing to a new class of immune therapeutics.
Band Engineering of Dirac Semimetals Using Charge Density Waves
Authors: Lei Shiming , Teicher Samuel M. L. , Topp Andreas , Cai Kehan , Lin Jingjing , Cheng Guangming , Salters Tyger H. , Rodolakis Fanny , McChesney Jessica L. , Lapidus Saul , Yao Nan , Krivenkov Maxim , Marchenko Dmitry , Varykhalov Andrei , Ast Christian R. , Car Roberto , Cano Jennifer , Vergniory Maia G. , Ong N. Phuan , Schoop Leslie M.
Published: June 2021

New developments in the field of topological matter are often driven by materials discovery, including novel topological insulators, Dirac semimetals, and Weyl semimetals. In the last few years, large efforts have been made to classify all known inorganic materials with respect to their topology. Unfortunately, a large number of topological materials suffer from non‐ideal band structures. For example, topological bands are frequently convoluted with trivial ones, and band structure features of interest can appear far below the Fermi level. This leaves just a handful of materials that are intensively studied. Finding strategies to design new topological materials is a solution. Here, a new mechanism is introduced, which is based on charge density waves and non‐symmorphic symmetry, to design an idealized Dirac semimetal. It is then shown experimentally that the antiferromagnetic compound GdSb0.46Te1.48 is a nearly ideal Dirac semimetal based on the proposed mechanism, meaning that most interfering bands at the Fermi level are suppressed. Its highly unusual transport behavior points to a thus far unknown regime, in which Dirac carriers with Fermi energy very close to the node seem to gradually localize in the presence of lattice and magnetic disorder.
Constraint Relation Between Steerability and Concurrence for Two‐Qubit States
Authors: Fan Xiao‐Gang , Yang Huan , Ming Fei , Wang Dong , Ye Liu
Published: June 2021

Entanglement and steering are used to describe quantum correlation. And steerable states form a strict subset of entangled states. A natural question arises concerning how much territory steerability occupies entanglement for a general two‐qubit entangled state. In this work, the constraint relation between steerability and concurrence is investigated by using two kinds of evolutionary states and any two‐qubit states (or lots of randomly generated states). By combining the theoretical and numerical proofs, the upper and lower boundaries of steerability are obtained. And the lower boundary can be used as a sufficient criterion for steering detection. Furthermore, a special kind of mixed state transformed by performing an arbitrary unitary transformation on Werner‐like state is considered, and a sufficient steering criterion described by concurrence and purity is proposed.
(Iminopyridine)Pd (II) complexes as versatile catalysts for copolymerization and terpolymerization of vinyl arene, ethylene, and carbon monoxide
Authors: Lee Seulchan , Chae Ju‐Hyung , Yang Yongmoon , Lee In‐Hwan , Jang Hye‐Young
Published: June 2021

Palladium catalysts modified with iminopyridine ligands were employed for ethylene/CO and styrene/CO copolymerization and ethylene/styrene/CO terpolymerization. Our studies revealed that the steric and electronic effects of the catalysts play key, yet distinct roles in these polymerization reactions. The thermal properties of the polyketones were engineered by varying the styrene content in terpolymers derived from ethylene, styrene, and CO sources, with increased styrene ratios yielding reduced polyketone crystallinity.
Facile synthesis of silica‐polymer monoliths using nonionic triblock copolymer surfactant for efficient removal of radioactive pollutants from contaminated seawater
Authors: Abdelmageed Nada , El‐Said Waleed A. , Younes Ahmed A. , Atrees Mohamed S. , Farag Abdelfatah B. , Elshehy Emad A. , Abdelkader Amr M.
Published: June 2021

Here, we introduce a highly porous functional mesoscopically silica‐polymer composite based on silica monolith‐conjugated thiourea/formaldehyde copolymer. The developed nanostructure enables selective and fast removal of the radioactive pollutants strontium (Sr[II]) and cesium (Cs[I]) ions from contaminated seawater. The silica/polymer composite was synthesized by introducing thiourea/formaldehyde solution into tetramethoxy orthosilicate/triblock copolymer emulsion. The chemical and textural features of the synthesized silica/thiourea‐formaldehyde polymer composite (SiO2‐TUF) were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope, high‐resolution transmission electron microscope, energy dispersive X‐ray analysis, dynamic light scattering, thermal analysis, and N2 adsorption/desorption measurements. The synthesized microporous SiO2‐TUF showed excellent cesium and strontium ions removal ability, reaching a maximum adsorption capacity of 78.2 and 40.3 mg g−1 for Sr(II) and Cs(I), respectively. When tested with seawater contaminated with radioactive cesium and strontium, SiO2‐TUF was able to selectively target Sr(II) and Cs(I) ions. Among the different types of adsorption isotherms investigated, Sips isotherm showed the best fit with R2 > 0.990. The kinetic studies showed that the pseudo‐second‐order model gave the best description of the uptake process.
Dynamic mechanical properties and flexing fatigue resistance of tire sidewall rubber as function of waste tire rubber reclaiming degree
Authors: Ma Lan , Zhang Zhen , Peng Zonglin , Formela Krzysztof , Wang Shifeng
Published: June 2021

A stepwise downsizing method of gel particles in reclaimed rubber to a micro‐nano scale and its excellent dynamic performance in tire sidewall were introduced by this work. The results showed that the size of gel particles decreased from several micrometers to micro‐nanometers with the increase of reclaiming degree, accompanied by reduced molecular weight and widened molecular weight distribution of sol fraction. The addition of reclaimed rubber with low Mooney viscosity improved the dynamic mechanical properties of the natural rubber/butadiene rubber blends effectively, including wet resistance and rolling resistance. Moreover, the flexing fatigue resistance has also been improved dozens of times compared to traditional tire sidewall.
Intramolecularly Double‐Donor‐Stabilized Stannylene and Its Coordination towards Ag(I) and Au(I) Centers
Authors: Chibde Purva , Raut Ravindra K. , Kumar Vikas , Deb Rahul , Gonnade Rajesh , Majumdar Moumita
Published: June 2021

The intramolecularly double‐donor‐stabilized stannylene 1 has been synthesized from the salt‐metathesis reaction between two equivalents of lithium pyridine ene‐amide L1 and SnCl2. Compound 1 exhibits dipolar behavior when reacted with B(C6F5)3 leading to the zwitterionic compound 2. The reaction of 1 with one equivalent and 0.5 equivalent of AgOTf (OTf=trifluoromethane sulfonate) result in the formation of a stannylene‐AgOTf complex 3 and a homoleptic distannylene‐silver ionic complex 4, respectively. Analogous to complex 4, the gold(I) complex 5 has been synthesized from the reaction between two equivalents of 1 and 0.5 equivalent of AuCl.SMe2/Me3SiOTf. Complex 5 is the first example of homoleptic stannylene‐Au(I) ionic complex among the very scarce reports on stannylene‐gold(I) coordination complexes. All compounds have been structurally characterized using single crystal X‐ray crystallography. Solution‐state characterization have been performed using multinuclear NMR techniques. Detailed DFT calculations on the optimized geometries 1 o, 3 o–5 o reveal the change in sp‐ hybridization on the pyramidal Sn(II) center upon metal coordination and their bonding overlaps.
Abnormal N‐heterocyclic Carbene Based Ni(II) π‐allyl Complex towards Molecular Oxygen Activation
Authors: Das Arpan , Chakraborty Soumi , Mandal Swadhin K.
Published: June 2021

Abnormal N‐heterocyclic carbene (aNHC) based Ni(II) π‐allyl complexes (3 and 4) were synthesized starting from a Ni(0) precursor. These complexes were characterized by NMR spectroscopy, single‐crystal X‐ray crystallography (4) and elemental analysis data. The underlying mechanism for the formation of Ni(II) η3‐allyl complexes from a Ni(0) precursor on treatment with a free abnormal N‐heterocyclic carbene in absence of any external additive or oxidant was unraveled. Later, complex 3 was exposed to O2 gas under ambient pressure resulting in molecular oxygen activation to form a μ‐hydroxo bridged Ni(II) dimer.
Spatial dependence in small cooperative bank risk behavior and its effects on bank competitiveness and SMEs
Authors: Algeri Carmelo , Forgione Antonio F. , Mucciardi Massimo
Published: June 2021

In this article we consider the effects of the inclusion of spatial dependence in the empirical model measuring small cooperative banks' risk performance. In the presence of cross‐sectional dependence, spatial analysis deals with co‐movement among geographical units, allowing for the evaluation of spillover effects and improving econometric models. The article makes several contributions to the literature. First, we support the hypothesis that the inclusion of spatial terms improves small bank soundness models. Second, with the Z Score used as a proxy for bank soundness, we indirectly test the impacts of relationship lending on small firms, which is a classic tool adopted by small banks to assess the creditworthiness of small firms. Third, since we control for banks' market power, we expand the literature on the relationship between bank risk and market competitive pressure. Finally, we find empirical evidence that bank size does affect the financial standing of small banks.
The content of astrophysical jets
Authors: Romero Gustavo E.
Published: June 2021

Jets, collimated outflows of particles and fields, are observed in a wide variety of astrophysical systems, including Active Galactic Nuclei of various types, micro‐quasars, gamma‐ray bursts, and young stellar objects. Despite intensive efforts along several decades of observational and theoretical research, there are still many uncertainties and open questions related to how jets are produced and what is their composition. In this review, I offer an outline of some current views on the content and basic properties of astrophysical jets.
Thickness Enhancement of Layer‐by‐Layer Multilayered Films Using Counter Polyelectrolyte‐Induced Colloidal Particles
Authors: Choi Jinsu , Ko Sangwon , Yang Sung Ho
Published: June 2021

The efficient formation of layer‐by‐layer (LbL) multilayered films is important for wide range applications and industrial productions especially when fabricating multilayered films with expensive materials. It was serendipitously discovered that the thickness of LbL film increased when omitting rinsing steps between the deposition steps. Based on this discovery, we developed an efficient method for systematically increasing the thickness of LbL films by adding a small amount of counter polyelectrolytes as additives in the polyelectrolytes solutions. It was found that the increased thickness is caused by colloidal particles induced by the aggregation of the polyelectrolytes.
Unsupervised motion capture data segmentation based on topic model
Authors: Hu Xiaoyan , Bao Xizhao , Xie Shunbo , Wei Guoli
Published: June 2021

In this paper, we propose an unsupervised motion segmentation method based on topical model borrowed from Natural Language Processing. We apply hierarchical clustering on motion dataset to obtain a list of representative poses to constitute motion 'vocabulary'. By doing so, motion capture data can be viewed as text which comprises a sequence of motion words. We use sliding window to generate a sequence of motion documents (with overlap between consecutive motion documents). Then we use Sparse Topical Coding (STC) model to extract sparse topical codes of motion documents and conduct spectral clustering to get motion segmentations. Silhouette coefficient is used to determine the value of K (number of motion types). The results of experiments show that our method can segment motions with a very high accuracy. Our method has a strong generalization ability that also performs well on motion data which is captured by different subjects, with various motion types, even though they are from different motion dataset (HDM05 in our experiment).
A Rare Dirhamnosyl Flavonoid and Other Radical‐Scavenging Metabolites from Cynophalla mollis (Kunth) J. Presl and Colicodendron scabridum (Kunt) Seem. (Capparaceae) of Ecuador
Authors: Morocho Vladimir , Valarezo Leslye Paola , Tapia David Andrés , Cartuche Luis , Cumbicus Nixon , Gilardoni Gianluca
Published: June 2021

The phytochemistry of Cynophalla mollis (Kunth) J. Presl and Colicodendron scabridum (Kunth), both belonging to the family Capparaceae, were investigated in this study for the first time. Lupeol, betulin, lutein, stachydrine and quercetin‐3,4’‐di‐O‐rhamnoside were isolated from C. mollis, whereas C. scabridum afforded lupeol, lutein, stachydrine, β‐sitosterol, stigmasterol, betonicine and narcissoside. All these compounds were purified by preparative liquid chromatography, in both open column and instrumental (MPLC) separation systems. Preparative TLC was also applied. They were all identified by 1H‐ and 13C‐NMR experiments. The complete structure of the very rare flavonoid quercetin‐3,4’‐di‐O‐rhamnoside was fully elucidated through DEPT‐135, COSY, HMQC and HMBC experiments, together with UV/VIS and FT‐IR spectrophotometry. Complete NMR data for quercetin‐3,4’‐di‐O‐rhamnoside in deuterated methanol were presented here for the first time. All the extracts did not exert antioxidant activity at the maximum tested dose of 1 mg/mL. Three out of the nine isolated compounds exerted a good spectrum of antioxidant capacity, being narcissoside the most active against ABTS radicals, with SC50=12.43 μM. It was followed by lutein and quercetin‐3,4’‐di‐O‐rhamnoside, with 40.92 μM and 46.10 μM, respectively.
The Effect of Interlayer Anion Grafting on Water Oxidation Electrocatalysis: A Comparative Study of Ni‐ and Co‐Based Brucite‐Type Layered Hydroxides, Layered Double Hydroxides and Hydroxynitrate Salts
Authors: Radha A. V. , Weiß Sebastian , Sanjuán Ignacio , Ertl Michael , Andronescu Corina , Breu Josef
Published: June 2021

The urge for carbon‐neutral green energy conversion and storage technologies has invoked the resurgence of interest in applying brucite‐type materials as low‐cost oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalysts in basic media. Transition metal layered hydroxides belonging to the brucite‐type structure family have been shown to display remarkable electrochemical activity. Recent studies on the earth‐abundant Fe3+ containing mössbauerite and Fe3+ rich Co−Fe layered oxyhydroxide carbonates have suggested that grafted interlayer anions might play a key role in OER catalysis. To probe the effect of such interlayer anion grafting in brucite‐like layered hydroxides, we report here a systematic study on the electrocatalytic performance of three distinct Ni and Co brucite‐type layered structures, namely, (i) brucite‐type M(OH)2 without any interlayer anions, (ii) LDHs with free interlayer anions, and (iii) hydroxynitrate salts with grafted interlayer anions. The electrochemical results indeed show that grafting has an evident impact on the electronic structure and the observed OER activity. Ni‐ and Co‐hydroxynitrate salts with grafted anions display notably earlier formations of the electrocatalytically active species. Particularly Co‐hydroxynitrate salts exhibit lower overpotentials at 10 mA cm−2 (η=0.34 V) and medium current densities of 100 mA cm−2 (η=0.40 V) compared to the corresponding brucite‐type hydroxides and LDH materials.