bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
De atributo jacobeo a reliquia isabelina: el bordón de peregrina de la santa reina Isabel
Authors: Dias Pacheco Milton Pedro
Published: June 2021

Durante la apertura de la tumba de la Beata Isabel, infanta de Aragón y reina de Portugal —esposa del rey D. Dinis—, en marzo de 1612, para dar continuidad a su proceso de canonización, fueron encontrados, depositados sobre el ataúd, algunos objetos personales: el bordón y la escarcela ofrecidos por el arzobispo de Santiago de Compostela durante su peregrinación en 1325. Adquiriendo un valor espiritual inmediato, como una auténtica reliquia, el bordón de peregrina fue dispuesto a la veneración de los fieles dentro de un relicario de plata, ejecutado entre 1612 y 1614, y luego transportado en una pomposa procesión durante las fiestas celebradas en Coimbra con motivo de su canonización, alcanzada en 1625, mientras que la escarcela y un fragmento del bordón fueron enviados a la Corte de D. Felipe III de Portugal – IV de España. Privilegiamos, como líneas principales de investigación en el campo de la Historia del Arte, la presentación de los datos obtenidos tras un riguroso análisis material y de una consulta exhaustiva de las fuentes documentales disponibles que se refieren a la única reliquia del llamado Tesoro de la Reina Isabel dispuesta para la veneración pública, dentro de un cuadro cronológico histórico comprendido entre 1325 y 1625.
Objeto, sonido y gesto. formas y significaciones en la posesión de beneficios eclesiásticos en la diócesis de Santiago de Compostela durante el siglo XV
Authors: Sánchez Sánchez Xosé M.
Published: June 2021

La ritualización de la sociedad medieval alcanza su culmen en los procesos públicos de transmisión de derechos, desempeños y funciones. En ellos objetos, gestos y sonidos transmiten un sentido profundo en la significación que adquieren como elemento simbólico perfectamente interpretable por la población en general. Estas situaciones se hacen especialmente patentes en las tomas de posesión, tanto en la transmisión de bienes como en la asunción de la cura de almas en un beneficio. El presente artículo profundiza en el sentido gestual y simbólico del proceso de toma de posesión de beneficios eclesiásticos sobre el espacio homogéneo de la diócesis de Santiago de Compostela en el siglo XV. Empleamos para ello fuentes principalmente inéditas que nos permiten objetivar el proceso y estudiar sus partes, con especial atención al papel jugado por objetos (libros, vestimentas y cálices), sonidos (campanas) y gestos (camino por el templo o celebración de oficio).
Comparación de la velocidad de corrosión del acero A-36 recubierto con nanopartículas de ZnO y TiO 2 utilizando la resistencia de polarización lineal
Authors: Akhtar Maaz , Imran Lashari Muhammad , Muzamil Muhammad , Sattar Mohsin , Imran Shabir Muhammad , Mohsin Sumiya , Samiuddin Muhammad
Published: June 2021

El estudio se llevó a cabo para desarrollar un método optimizado de resistencia a la corrosión. El acero A-36, con bajo contenido de carbono, se utilizó con cinco recubrimientos diferentes y una probeta sin recubrir. Las probetas se recubrieron utilizando una imprimación de óxido rojo, pintura al óleo e imprimación de pintura al óleo. Dichos recubrimientos se fabricaron mezclando nanopartículas de óxido de titanio (TiO2) y óxido de zinc (ZnO) con pintura al óleo. Una solución molar de ácido nítrico (HNO3) se utilizó para obtener un medio ácido, una solución molar de hidróxido de sodio (NaOH) para conseguir un medio básico, y agua destilada para obtener un medio neutro. La técnica de resistencia de polarización lineal (LPR) se utilizó para determinar la velocidad de corrosión. En medio ácido, la probeta sin recubrimiento produjo una velocidad de corrosión máxima de 191,5 mm por año. La velocidad de corrosión disminuyó al aplicar el recubrimiento de imprimación y acabado con pintura. El valor mínimo de velocidad de corrosión (0,302 mm por año) se observó en recubrimientos a base de nanopartículas de óxido de zinc. En medio básico, se observó que la velocidad de corrosión era pequeña con todo tipo de recubrimientos y sin protección adicional, en comparación con el medio ácido. Lo que indica que el acero A-36 produce menos óxidos metálicos en medio básico. La tendencia de la velocidad de corrosión en medio básico es la misma, teniendo el máximo de velocidad de corrosión en la probeta si protección adicional (0,1044 mm por año), mientras que el mínimo se produjo con el recubrimiento a base de óxido de zinc (0,000261 mm por año). En agua destilada, la probeta sin protección adiconal produjo, como se esperaba, una velocidad de corrosión máxima de 12,98 mm por año. Al comparar los tres medios, el ambiente ácido proporciona la velocidad de corrosión más alta en probetas sin protección adicional y con todos los recubrimientos. Por lo tanto, se debe prestar atención al utilizar el acero A-36 en medio ácido. La máxima velocidad de corrosión se observó en probetas sin protección adicional, mientras que la mínima se obtuvo en probetas recubiertas con recubrimientos a base de óxido de zinc. Por tanto, se puede concluir que, para una mejor resistencia a la corrosión, se debe utilizar un recubrimiento elaborado mezclando la pintura con nanopartículas de óxido de zinc que funcione en todos los medios.
Career Adaptability: The Key to Tackling Workplace Trauma at Scale
Authors: Hilder Ian
Published: June 2021

Over the last 12 months we have witnessed an acceleration of change within the traditional workplace. Digital disruption has only been exacerbated by Covid-19, displacement is rife, and the skills gap is widening exponentially. This report explores the concept of career adaptability, it’s origin and development but also how it can form the backbone of the response to overcoming workplace trauma. Exploring a ground-breaking, human centered response that will enable mentoring and employment support, at scale.
Communities of Practice for Functional Learning in Agile Contexts: Definition Approach and Call for Research
Authors: Wohllebe Atilla , Götz Michael
Published: June 2021

With the increasing relevance of information technology and software development in particular, the popularity of agile working methods like Scrum and Kanban has grown significantly in recent years. Characteristic for many agile frameworks like Scrum is the work in cross-functional teams. While this has many advantages in development, cross-functional teams make functional learning very challenging. Therefore, so-called Communities of Practice (CoPs) have been established in practice. This paper defines CoPs in the agile context and reviews existing literature on CoPs in agile context. There is very little literature how CoPs in the agile context are employed to enhance functional learning. The author calls for more scientific research for example on CoP’s success factors and contribution to functional learning outcomes in agile environments.
A Big Data Framework for Decision Making in Supply Chain
Authors: Pal Kamalendu
Published: June 2021

The advent of information and communication technologies (ICT) ushers a cost-effective prospect to take care of large volumes of complex data, commonly known as “big data” in the supply chain operational environment. Big data is being generated today by web applications, social media, intelligent machines, sensors, mobile phones, and other smart handheld devices. Big data is characterized in terms of the velocity, volume, and variety with which it produces along the supply chain. This is due to recent advances in telecommunication networks along with centralized and decentralized data storage systems, which are processed thanks to modern digital computational capabilities. There is a growing interest in the use of this large volume of data and advanced analytics for diverse types of business problems in supply chain management (SCM). Such decision-support software applications employ pure mathematical techniques, artificial intelligence techniques, and sometimes uses both techniques to perform analytical operations that undercover relationships and patterns within supply chain generated big data. This chapter proposes a framework for the utilization of big data in SCM decision making. The framework is based on the SCOR (supply chain operations reference) model, which is endorsed by Supply Chain Council (SCC). The proposed framework is influenced by the enterprise potential of augmented reality and virtual reality in supply chain applications, and it identifies key categories of big data analytics applications for the key businesses of SCOR model. Finally, the chapter highlights research issues to extract insight from big data sources for enterprise decision making.
Towards an Intelligent System for the Territorial Planning
Authors: Benaouda AMRI , García-Peñalvo Francisco José
Published: June 2021

This chapter concerns the conceptualization of an intelligent system for the territorial planning, taking as an example the agriculture case as a tool in decision making. It is started by giving a comparison between the geographical information system (GIS) and the intelligent system (IS), demonstrating the limits of the GIS and the appeal to the artificial intelligence. Also, the chapter gives an overview of the application of decision support systems (DSSs), modeling and simulation applied in forest management, agriculture, ecology, and environment. Finally, the chapter proposes the methodology and the intelligent system proposed, setting up some indicators which help to aid decision making.
Predictive Analytics to Support Clinical Decision Making
Authors: Wickramasinghe Nilmini
Published: June 2021

A key activity in healthcare is clinical decision making. This decision making typically has to be made rapidly and often without complete information. Moreover, the consequences of these decisions could be far reaching including the difference between life or death. Today analytics can assist in clinical decision making as the following chapter highlights. However, to gain the most from any type of analytics, it is first necessary to fully understand the dynamics around the clinical decision making process.
Mental Health Clinical Decision Support Exploiting Big Data
Authors: Kalina Jan
Published: June 2021

The complexity of clinical decision-making is immensely increasing with the advent of big data with a clinical relevance. Clinical decision systems represent useful e-health tools applicable to various tasks within the clinical decision-making process. This chapter is devoted to basic principles of clinical decision support systems and their benefits for healthcare and patient safety. Big data is crucial input for clinical decision support systems and is helpful in the task to find the diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy. Statistical challenges of analyzing big data in psychiatry are overviewed, with a particular interest for psychiatry. Various barriers preventing telemedicine tools from expanding to the field of mental health are discussed. The development of decision support systems is claimed here to play a key role in the development of information-based medicine, particularly in psychiatry. Information technology will be ultimately able to combine various information sources including big data to present and enforce a holistic information-based approach to psychiatric care.
Strategic Intelligence Management and Decision Process
Authors: Fernández-Villacañas Marín Manuel Antonio
Published: June 2021

This chapter addresses a conceptual review of the methodology to define strategies and supports for carrying out effective, efficient, and innovative decisions and strengthen management and leadership, given the dynamic changes that are taking place in the current turbulent environment. The main catalyst is the digital revolution and its implications in a new management style. The functions of anticipation and early assessment of threats, risks, and opportunities, constitute the central functionality of the new strategic approach. Its impact is especially notable in the field of strategic decision making, which must be fully timely, rigorous, transparent, and credible in the face of the growing demands of customers and the public. The use of strategic intelligence has become critical, and the skills for its management and application are of great relevance in terms of defining management strategies and decisions, and complementary to the use of digital technology tools.
Moving Beyond Traditional Decision Support Systems
Authors: Azaiez Noura , Akaichi Jalel , Hsu Jeffrey
Published: June 2021

Integrating the concept of mobility into the professional and organizational realm offers the possibility of reducing geographical disparities related to organization services. The advances made in technology, geographic information systems and pervasive systems equipped with global positioning (GPS) technologies have been able to bring about an evolution from classic data approaches towards the modeling of trajectory data resulting from moving activities of moving objects. As such, trajectory data needs first to be loaded into a Data Warehouse for analysis purposes. However, the traditional approaches used are poorly suited to handle spatio-temporal data features and also the decision making tasks related to mobility issues. Because of this mismatch, the authors propose to move beyond traditional approaches and propose a repository that is able to analyse trajectories of moving objects. Improving decision making and extracting pertinent knowledge with reduced costs and time expended are the main goals of this revised analysis approach. Thus, the authors propose an approach in which they employ the Bottom-up approach to modeling a Decision Support System which is designed to support Trajectory Data. As an example to illustrate this approach, the authors use a creamery and dairy milk mobile cistern application to demonstrate the effectiveness of their approach.
A Meta-Analysis of Online Learning Outcomes and Their Gender Differences
Authors: Yu Zhonggen , Yu Liheng
Published: June 2021

In this COVID-19 pandemic, learners across the world are encouraged to stay at home receiving online education, which has nearly caused various learning outcomes. It is thus necessary to analyze online learning outcomes, as well as their gender differences to provide constructive references for learners, teachers, and technology developers. This study obtained reliable data from various databases using searching techniques. The study also selected the research articles based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. After analyzing the forest and funnel plots drawn via Review Manager 5.3, the study arrived at the conclusion that online learning outcomes were significantly higher than the traditional learning outcomes with a large effect size (d = 1.24), while the gender differences in learning outcomes were not significant with a small effect size (d = -0.03). In the future, experts could make every effort to develop advanced emotion detection applications via interdisciplinary cooperation to improve online learning outcomes.
Heat Transfer under a Flow of the Highly Viscous Crude Oil in a Buried Oil Pipeline
Authors: Kadyirov Aidar , Karaeva Julia , Vachagina Ekaterina
Published: June 2021

The paper presents a mathematical model and the results of numerical calculations of heat transfer processes during the flow of highly viscous crude oil in an oil pipeline. Comparison with literature data is performed. The samples of oil from the field of the Republic of Tatarstan (Russia) that are characterized by high viscosity were considered as crude oil. The influence of air temperature on the temperature distribution in the soil was investigated. The analysis of the distribution of crude oil temperature along the length of the pipeline was carried out.
An Overview of Low Income Housing Demands Challenges: A Case Study of Nigeria and South Africa
Authors: Fayomi Gloria U. , Mini Simphiwe E.
Published: June 2021

This study focused on the overview and assessment of housing demand with its contemporary challenge in Nigeria and South Africa with intention to understand vivid condition of housing on habitants. From observation, people population stage a concise challenge on housing demand as a result of commercial and industrial activities. Notably, it was observed that housing issues brought visibility on economic, environmental and political atmosphere.
Production, Physicochemical and Organoleptic Evaluation of Bread Made from Composite Wheat-Cassava Flour
Authors: Obojiofor Ebuka F. , Okechukwu James O. , Victor Emmanuel I. , Anikwenze Roland
Published: June 2021

Abstract Cassava (Manihot esculenta crantz) varieties: TME 419 (419), TMS 98/0581(sweet), and UMUCASS 37 (yellow) were processed into flour. Comparative studies of their physicochemical and organoleptic properties were evaluated. Proximate composition was done using the standard method of Association of Official Analytical Chemists. The sensory analysis of the cassava flour varieties was evaluated by baking bread with its wheat blends using different ratios. Results obtained showed that the moisture, crude fiber, ash content, carbohydrate content and energy value of the three cassava flour varieties differ significantly (p≤0.05); while for crude protein, the values were not significantly different (p≥0.05). Also, the swelling power, boiling point, amylose, foam capacity, and emulsification capacity of each sample was significantly (p≤0.05) different with TME 419 cassava flour having the highest values in all but foam capacity. The combination levels for bread containing wheat and cassava varieties of 75% and 25%, respectively was found to be acceptable while, bread made from 100% TME 419 cassava flour was not acceptable due to its poor sensory attributes. It was found that the carbohydrate content of TMS 98/0581 was higher than the other cassava flour samples. Breads baked with 75% wheat flour and 25% cassava flour were accepted by the sensory panel in terms of appearance, taste and texture. These results showed that high quality cassava flour has potential to replace part of the wheat flour in the production of bread since there is a wide acceptance amongst the judges.
Indium Gallium Zinc Oxide FinFET Compared with Silicon FinFET
Authors: Matebesi Unopa , Ditshego Nonofo M.J.
Published: June 2021

Indium gallium zinc oxide fin-field effect transistor (IGZO FinFET) characteristics are investigated and then compared with Zinc oxide fin-field effect transistor (ZnO FinFET) and the Silicon fin-field effect transistor (Si FinFET). This was done using 3D simulation. The threshold voltage for Si, ZnO, and IGZO is 0.75 V, 0.30 V and 0.05 V respectively. The silicon device has the highest transconductance (5.0 x 10-7 S) and performs better than the other devices because it has less fixed charge defects. IGZO has the second-best value of Gm (3.6 x 10-7 S), ZnO has the least value of Gm (3.4 x 10-7 S). Si device has the least drain current (IDS) value of 2.0 x 10-7 A, ZnO device has a better IDS value of 6.2 x 10-6 A while IGZO device has the best IDS value of 1.6 x 10-5 A. IGZO is better than Si by two (2) order magnitude. The field effect mobility is 50.0 cm2/Vs for all three devices.
MXene Based Palm Oil Methyl Ester as an Effective Heat Transfer Fluid
Authors: Rahmadiawan Dieter , Aslfattahi Navid , Nasruddin Nasruddin , Saidur Rahman , Arifutzzaman A. , Mohammed Hussein A.
Published: June 2021

In this research, MXene (Ti3C2) nanoflakes are implanted for the first time with Palm oil methyl ester (POME) to improve the nanofluids (POME/MXene) thermo-physical properties. The preparation, characterization, thermal and rheological properties was evaluated. POME/MXene nanofluid was induced with five different concentrations (0.01, 0.03, 0.05, 0.08, and 0.1 wt.%) of MXene to achieve the optimal properties that would be superior for a new heat transfer fluid. It is found that introducing more MXene nanoflakes into POME would expand the thermo-physical properties which will induce the rapid cooling of MXene based-nanofluids. Maximum enhancement of thermal conductivity for a MXene concentration and temperature of 0.1 wt.% and 65 oC respectively was measured to be ~ 176 % compared to the base fluid. Increasing amount of MXene did not effect the viscosity of the nanofluid. These results enable it to be utilized as a promising heat transfer fluid.
Research on Purification Technology of Ultra-Large Flake Graphite Based on Alkali-Acid Method
Authors: Guo Hong Fei , Chao Bao , Zhao Zeng Qi , Nan Ding
Published: June 2021

Graphite is a strategically scarce resource, and the preparation of high-purity graphite is the prerequisite and basis for the application of graphite. In order to determine the optimal purification technology parameters of an ultra-large flake graphite mine pneumatic separation ore with a fixed carbon content of 77.69%, a particle size of mainly 10 to 40 mesh, and main impurities of calcium carbonate, iron oxide and silica , two additional experiments of acid method and alkali method were added on the basis of alkali-acid method, to investigate the purification effect of different technological processes and acid leaching times on graphite raw materials, as well as to analyze the retention extent of different methods and alkali fusion temperature on graphite ultra-large flake structure. The results show that all three methods can increase the fixed carbon content of graphite to above 99%. However, compared with the acid method and the alkali method, the alkali-acid method can obtain high-purity graphite while also better protecting the graphite's ultra-large flake structure. The optimal fusion temperature is 400 °C, the optimal acid leaching time is 30% sulfuric acid thrice and 5% hydrofluoric acid once. After purification, the fixed carbon content of the product exceeds 99.97%.
Effects of Tempering Temperature on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Low Alloy Ultra-High Strength 45CrNiSiMnMoVA Steel
Authors: Bi Hong Xia , Tang Ming Hua , Ren Zhi Lan , Zhou Yong
Published: June 2021

The effects of different tempering temperatures on the microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of the new low-alloy ultra-high-strength 45CrNiSiMnMoVA steel after quenching were investigated by mechanical property tests, SEM and TEM. The results show that a complex phase organization consisting of martensite/ lower bainite of the tested steel after treated at 920°C×1h+(320~380)°C×4h was obtained, and the partition interface of the lath martensite bundle became blurred from clear with the increase of tempering temperature; In the proposed tempering temperature range, the toughness of the alloy has become better while maintain the strength without decreasing basically, and when the tempering temperature is 350°C, the alloy has the optimal comprehensive mechanical properties of strength, plasticity and toughness together. The analysis concluded that the strong toughening of the tested steel was mainly attributed to the coupling effect of the alloying elements in the steel and the composite toughening of the nano-precipitated phases, among other aspects.
Effect of Additives on Thermal Conductivity of Si3N4 Ceramics
Authors: Chen Zi Hao , Gu Qiang , Ma Wei Kui , Liu Guo Qi
Published: June 2021

Compared with traditional ceramics, Si3N4 ceramics have the characteristics of high theoretical thermal conductivity, high thermal shock resistance, high oxidation resistance, high strength, and strong current carrying capacity. It is a potential high-speed circuit and high-power device for heat dissipation and heat dissipation. Sealing material. For applications in 5these fields, β-Si3N4 with a relatively stable structure and high thermal conductivity is an ideal material. However, β-Si3N4 powder is difficult to sinter as a raw material. Therefore, the prepared Si3N4 generally has a low density, and there are various defects in the crystal. The existence of these defects will cause interference and scattering of heat in the transfer process. Limits the application of β-Si3N4 ceramics. Studies have shown that the introduction of different additives can form a liquid phase at high temperatures, which can effectively reduce the firing temperature of the sample and increase the density. At the same time, it can also remove lattice oxygen, weaken the intercrystalline phase, and promote the α→β phase transition. Thereby improving the thermal conductivity and sintering performance of Si3N4 ceramics. Therefore, this article reviews the types of additives and their effects on the properties of Si3N4 ceramics and their mechanism. Trying to find an additive system for the preparation of high thermal conductivity Si3N4 ceramics with excellent comprehensive performance, hoping to provide help for the work and researchers engaged in the research on the thermal conductivity of Si3N4 ceramics.
Hydration Modification of Cement in the Presence of Diethanol-Isopropanolamine
Authors: Liao Xia Ling , Huang Hong , He Fu Qiang , Yang Chang Hui
Published: June 2021

In this investigation, calorimetry, quantitative X-ray diffraction analysis and the scanning electron microscopy were applied to explore the mechanism of hydration modification of cement with diethanol-isopropanolamine (DEIPA). It showed that the addition of DEIPA favoured the strength development on 3 and 28 days, but was undesirable for the 1d strength. The reason for this was that the dissolution of intermediate phase being promoted by DEIPA participated in the aluminate reaction interrupting the normal hydration of C3S. Appropriate adjustment on SO3 content in the cement was able to slow down the rate of aluminate reaction allowing C3S to react in a right fashion, which gave an optimum strength enhancement at early ages. The addition of DEIPA also impacted the formation of hydrates. Significant differences can be recognized in quantities, chemical compositions and the morphologies of hydrates in blank sample and the DEIPA-dosing ones. With the help of SO3 adjustment in cement with DEIPA, a great number of hydro-sulfoaluminates precipitated at the early stage of hydration to decrease the porosity of hardened cement pastes, which contributed to the strength gain of cement.
Influence and Mechanism Analysis of Particle Size Distribution of Multi-System Mineral Admixture on Concrete Performance
Authors: Cheng Fu Xing , Liu Yong , Xiao Ji , Deng Xiao Xu , Wang Hai Long
Published: June 2021

To explore the effect of mechanical activation on the particle size distribution of the composite admixture a self-designed test jet mill is used. We have studied the effects of different specific surface areas of composite admixtures on the workability, mechanical properties and durability of concrete and combined X-ray diffraction (XRD) with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to analyze the mechanism of concrete performance improvement. Results showed that, mechanical activation can significantly increase the content of particles below 3 um; appropriate increase in the specific surface area of composite admixture is conducive to improving the performance of concrete; As the specific surface area increases, the hydration activity of the composite admixture increases first and then tends to be stable; during the hydration process, more thin-plate Ca(OH)2 is converted into needle-shaped AFt, which improves the cement-based material and thereby improving the macro mechanical properties and durability.
Preparation and Analysis of External Walls with the Phase Change Facing Tile for Energy Savings
Authors: Deng Yan , Ding Yun Fei , Zhao Yun Chao
Published: June 2021

The external surface of the building envelope absorbs large amounts of heat after long periods of solar radiation especially in the hot summer, leading to a dramatic increase in the cooling load and energy consumption. Phase change material (PCM) possesses the ability to reduce building energy consumption and improve thermal comfort when it is integrated with the building envelope. In this study, paraffin /expanded graphite (EG) composite phase change material was prepared to fabricate facing tile for building envelopes, with phase change facing tile (PCMT) attached to exterior walls and roofs. To present the full role played by the paraffin/ expanded graphite composite phase change material, microstructure, thermal and physical properties characteristics were investigated, thermal performance experiment of facing tile was carried out. The results showed that the maximum inner surface temperature difference between the PCMT and the ceramic tile reached 2.5°C, the maximum temperature time lag was 51 min. A simulation in EnergyPlus was used to evaluate the availability of using PCM to improve the energy efficiency of the building under the Guangzhou climate. The results showed that 2.65% energy savings were achieved. These results showed that PCM has thermal insulation performance, which would affect the indoor temperature and reduce building energy consumption to some extent.
Synthesis of Self-Supporting ZnO Nanowire Array Film and its Optical Property and Room Temperature Ferromagnetism
Authors: Yang Jiao , Wang Xin Yu , Li Peng Kai , Huang Ji Fa , Deng Peng Hao
Published: June 2021

X-ray diffractometer, field emission scanning electron microscope (SEM, Hitachi S-4800), laser confocal micro-region Raman spectrometer and vibration sample magnetometer were used to systematically study the effects of polyethyleneimine concentrations and exposure time on the morphology and size of ZnO nanowire arrays. The photoelectric property and the relationship between the morphology of nanowire arrays and ferromagnetism at room temperature were also analyzed. Under 15 min exposure time, when the polyethyleneimine concentration is 2.25 g / L, the obtained ZnO nanowire array film exhibits the smallest size, the optimal density and vertical orientation. According to the study of luminescence and room temperature magnetism, it is shown that the optical and ferromagnetic property are related to the variation tendency of oxygen defects and surface defects of the ZnO nanowires.
Factors Affecting the Economic Efficiency of Small-Scale Rubber Plantations: With Special Reference to Kalutara District in Sri Lanka
Authors: Harshani K. A. P. , Shantha A. A.
Published: June 2021

The Rubber Industry has been a major partner in the Sri Lankan economy. According to the literature, farmers in developing countries have failed to achieve full potential of Technical Efficiency (TE) and Allocative Efficiency (AE). This paper investigates the Economic Efficiency (EE) of Small Rubber Plantation Owners (SRPOs) in Sri Lanka by employing stochastic production frontier using a sample of 120 SRPOs. The results showed that the average TE of selected SRPOs is 82.86%. This indicates that output can be further increased by 17.14% without increasing the level of input. Gender and the number of family members were identified as the variables that have the greatest impact on the TE. The AE analysis identified some inefficient situations such as overused land and labour. Also, it was revealed that SRPOs have not reached the maximum efficiency level while 32 of them have reached an efficiency level above 90%.
Nutritional and Keeping Quality of Total Mixed Ration Briquettes Produced for Lactating Dairy Cows
Authors: Karunanayaka R. H. W. M. , Nayananjalie W. A. D. , Somasiri S. C. , Adikari A. M. J. B. , Weerasingha W. V. V. R. , Kumari M. A. A. P. , Mangalika U. L. P. , Dissanayake S. N. , Sundarabarathy T. V.
Published: June 2021

This research aims to find out the feasibility of the formation of different total mixed ration (TMR) briquettes. Six recipes (TMR1, TMR2, TMR3, TMR4, TMR5, and TMR6) were prepared by blending different combinations of forages and concentrates to balance the nutrient requirements of lactating dairy cows. Each TMR briquette was wrapped and stored at room temperature for three months and tested at monthly intervals for nutrient composition and shelf life. A cost analysis was performed to determine economic feasibility. The crude protein, ether extract, crude fibre, acid detergent fibre, neutral detergent fibre, nitrogen-free extract and non-fibre carbohydrate contents were not significantly different among the treatments at preparation and after 3 months of storage. Calcium, phosphorous and magnesium contents of the treatments were significantly different among the treatments at preparation and after three months of storage. There was no risk associated with the potentially toxic metals (Cd, Pb and Hg) in the treatments during the storage. Yeast & mould counts, total plate counts and free fatty acid contents were in the acceptable range in all treatments during the entire storage period. Weights of the briquettes were significantly decreased during the storage; however, heights were not different among the treatments. TMR5 and TMR6 resulted lower production costs per kg. The majority of the nutritional, shelf life and physical parameters were not significantly different among the six TMR recipes tested. Thus, 5 and 6 TMR briquettes were selected as the best two potential recipes for further studies.
Public transport of firewood across the Mackinac Bridge in Michigan, United States of America: origin, destination, woody taxa, and reasons for transporting firewood
Authors: Haack Robert A. , Petrice Toby R.
Published: June 2021

Transporting firewood can spread plant pests such as the emerald ash borer,Agrilus planipennisFairmaire (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), which was discovered in Lower Michigan, United States of America in 2002. In 2005, Michigan banned the transport of hardwood firewood northwards across the Mackinac Bridge, which connects Lower and Upper Michigan. In 2005–2011, 479 drivers of 11 commercial vehicles and 468 private vehicles were interviewed. Firewood was collected in every month of the year, with most firewood collected in June–September. Of the 468 private vehicles surveyed, 400 carried firewood originating from Michigan, 64 carried it from 19 other American states, and four carried it from three Canadian provinces. Most vehicles (93%) were bound for Upper Michigan, 4% were bound for eight other American states, and 3% were bound for four Canadian provinces. Drivers transported 1–275 pieces of firewood, with 33% of drivers having 1–10 pieces and 87% having up to 50 pieces. Surrendered firewood represented 19 tree genera – 18 hardwood genera and one conifer. Of 59 vehicles carrying ash (Fraxinus) firewood, 15 had firewood withA. planipennissigns. Firewood was transported mainly for camping (76%), for weight (15%), and to be used at cottages (5%).
Diagnostic efficacy and safety of transperineal prostate targeted and systematic biopsy: The preliminary experience of first 100 cases
Authors: Mehmood Shahbaz , Alothman Khalid Ibraheem , Alwehaibi Abdulaziz , Alhashim Samia Mohamed
Published: June 2021

Background: Post-biopsy urosepsis is a major concern for patient morbidity and cost. Trasperineal biopsy is reported to have less complications and higher detection rate of clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa).Objectives: To determine the diagnostic efficacy and safety of transperineal prostate biopsy in patients with elevated prostatic specific antigen (PSA). Material and methods: A prospective study included men with elevated PSA > 3 ng/ml and previous negative biopsy from January 2018 to April 2019. All patients had multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) and suspicious lesions reported as Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PIRADS) score version 2. Average twelve systematic and two targeted cores were biopsied under general anaesthesia. Patients received single dose of antibiotic prebiopsy. Results: 100 Consecutive patients having median age 64.0 years and median PSA of 6.1ng/ml were included for mpMRI-US fusion transperineal biopsies. Cancer detection rate was 45% (targeted 38% and systematic 22%) and csPCa were detected in 75.55% (targeted 86.84% and systematic 59.09%). MRI-US fusion targeted biopsies detected 63.88% csPCa in PIRADS 5, 33.33% in PIRADS 4 and 5.88% in PIRADS 3 lesions. PSA > 10 (p = 0.012), PSA density > 0.15 (p = 0.0002), and PIRADS 5 (0.0001) were significantly associated with PCa. Factors like Age (0.0001), initial PSA (0.022) and PSA density (0.006) were significant on univariate analysis while age (0.0001) was significant on multivariate analysis. There was no case of urinary tract infection. Conclusions: Transperineal prostate biopsy is safe and effective in diagnosing csPCa. There is no risk of sepsis and major complications.
mpMRI PI-RADS score 3 lesions diagnosed by reference vs affiliated radiological centers: Our experience in 950 cases
Authors: Pepe Pietro , Candiano Giuseppe , Pepe Ludovica , Pennisi Michele , Fraggetta Filippo
Published: June 2021

Introduction: The detection rate for clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa) in men with mpMRI PI-RADS score 3 diagnosed by affiliated radiology centers vs radiological reference center was evaluated. Materials and methods: From January 2017 to December 2020, 950 men (median age 64 years) underwent mpMRI for abnormal PSA values (median 6.3 ng/ml). Among the 950 patients who underwent mpMRI 500 were evaluated by a reference center and 450 by outpatient radiological affiliated centers. All the mpMRI index lesions characterized by a PI-RADS 3 underwent targeted cores combined with extended prostate biopsy. Two radiologists of the radiological reference center revised all the mpMRI lesions 3. Results: Overall, 361/950 (38%) patients had a mpMRI lesion PI-RADS score 3: 120/500 cases (24%) vs 241/450 cases (53.5%) were diagnosed by reference vs affiliated radiological centers. The detection rate for cT1c csPCa was equal to 26.7% (35/120 cases) vs 16.6% (40/241 cases) in men with PI-RADS 3 lesions diagnosed in the reference vs the affiliated radiological centers (p < 0.05). Among the 241 PI-RADS score 3 lesions diagnosed by affiliated radiological centers 86/241 (35.7%) and 36/241 (15%) were downgraded (PI-RADS scores < 3) and upgraded (PI-RADS score 4) by the dedicated radiologists of the reference center. Conclusions: In our series, about 35% and 15% of PI-RADS score 3 lesions diagnosed by affiliated radiological centers were downgraded and upgraded when revised by experencied radiologists, therefore a second opinion is mandatory especially in men enrolled in active surveillance protocols in whom mpMRI is recommended to reduce the number of scheduled repeated prostate biopsies.
The Matryoshka technique in percutaneous nephrolithotomy
Authors: Zanetti Stefano Paolo , Fontana Matteo , Lievore Elena , Turetti Matteo , Longo Fabrizio , De Lorenzis Elisa , Albo Giancarlo , Montanari Emanuele
Published: June 2021

Objective: Miniaturized percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) reduces the risk of haemorrhagic complications, but the limited field of work represents a drawback. To obtain the best outcomes, the percutaneous access size should be intraoperatively tailored. Our purpose is to describe the indications and the procedural steps of the Matryoshka technique and to report its clinical outcomes. Materials and methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of the data from consecutive Matryoshka PCNL procedures from October 2016 to January 2018. Collected data included patients’ history, stone characteristics, intra- and post-operative items, stone clearance and need for retreatment. The main indication to the Matryoshka technique is the inability to securely position a guidewire due to an obstruction or narrowness in the pyelocalyceal system. This technique begins by puncturing the calyx hosting the stone and advancing a hydrophilic guidewire through the needle. If the guidewire cannot proceed beyond the stone, the Matryoshka technique is employed for tract stabilization. The tract is carefully dilated with small-bore instruments and a cautious lithotripsy is performed to create enough space to introduce the guidewire beyond the stone under visual control. Once the access has been stabilized the surgeon can upsize the tract to the optimum to complete the procedure. Additionally, the technique can be employed when an intraoperative reassessment induces the surgeon to further dilate the tract to quicken the procedure. Results: Sixteen patients were included, with a median stone volume of 3.49 cm3. Median operative time was 112 minutes. Three Clavien I-II (postoperative fever) and one Clavien IIIB (colon perforation) complications were reported. No blood transfusions were recorded. Three patients underwent scheduled retreatment as part of a multistep procedure. Out of the remaining 13 patients, 10 (76.9%) obtained a complete stone clearance.Conclusions: The Matryoshka technique helps the urologist to obtain a secure percutaneous access and makes PCNL flexible and progressive, potentially minimizing the risk of access-related complications.
Mini percutaneous nephrolithotomy versus retrograde flexible ureterorenoscopy in the treatment of renal calculi in anomalous kidneys
Authors: Abdeldaeim Hussein M. , El Gebaly Omar , Said Mostafa , Zahran Abdel Rahman , Abouyoussif Tamer
Published: June 2021

Objectives: To report our single center experience in comparing mini-percutaneous nephrolithotomy versus flexible ureterorenoscopy for management of renal stones up to 2 cm in anomalous kidneys. Materials and methods: Records of the last 30 patients with stones less than 2 cm in anomalous kidney treated by mini-percutaneous nephrolithotomy were reviewed and compared to last 30 patients treated by flexible ureterorenoscopy. Results: Mean stone size was significantly higher in the minipercutaneous nephrolithotomy group (17.90 mm) than in flexible ureterorenoscopy group (14.97mm) (p < 0.001). Mean operative time (80.33 min vs 56.43 min) and fluoroscopy exposure time (4.49 min vs 0.84 min) were significantly higher in the mini-percutaneous nephrolithotomy group than in the flexible ureterorenoscopy group (p < 0.001). The mean post-operative drop in hemoglobin concentration was significantly higher in the mini-percutaneous nephrolithotomy group (0.47 gm versus 0.2 gm) (p < 0.001). Stone free rate after 12 weeks follow up was not statistically significant between the 2 groups (90% in minipercutaneous nephrolithotomy vs 80% in flexible ureterorenoscopy) (FEp = 0.472).Conclusions: Both modalities were found to be safe and effective for treatment of stones less than 2 cm in anomalous kidneys.
The role of the multi-disciplinary team and multi-disciplinary therapeutic protocol in the management of the chronic pelvic pain: There is strenght in numbers!
Authors: Centemero Antonella , Rigatti Lorenzo , Giraudo Donatella , Mantica Guglielmo , De Marchi Davide , Chiarulli Elisabetta Francesca , Gaboardi Franco
Published: June 2021

Introduction: The aim of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness of a Multi-disciplinary team (MDT) and multi-disciplinary approach in the treatment of Chronic Pelvic Pain (CPP). Methods: The data of all consecutive patients referred for a CPP from 11/2016 to 2/2019 has been prospectively collected. The sample was divided in two groups: Group A, made by patients managed after the institution of our MDT, and Group B, made of patients managed before this date. The MDT is composed by three urogynecologists, a psychologist and a physiotherapist. All Group A patients underwent a weekly bladder instillation with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), kinesiotherapy for trigger points and Percutaneous Tibial Nerve Stimulation for 10 consecutive weeks. Patients were asked to perform a self-treatment following the Stanford Protocol and to adhere to a specific diet. All Group B patients were managed only with DMSO instillations and a strict diet. Results: The Group A was made of 41 females and 6 males while the Group B was made of 38 females and 5 males. The Group A patients showed a statistically significant improvement in the Pelvic Pain Urgency Frequency, in the frequency times reported at the 6 months voiding diary, and a better Patient Global Impression of Improvement. Conclusions: Our data support the efficacy of the MDT in the management of CPP. The multimodal approach might represent an effective and reproducible non-invasive option to manage successfully CPP.
Warm-Up and Hamstrings Stiffness, Stress Relaxation, Flexibility, and Knee Proprioception in Young Soccer Players
Authors: Satkunskiene Danguole , Ardekani Mani Mirab Zadeh , Khair Ra'ad M. , Kutraite Goda , Venckuniene Kristina , Snieckus Audrius , Kamandulis Sigitas
Published: June 2021

Context

Nerves or fascia may limit motion in young soccer players, thereby contributing to frequent hamstrings injuries. Nerve-gliding exercises and self-myofascial release techniques may enhance range of motion (ROM).

Objective

To compare the immediate effect of foam rolling (FR) and neurodynamic nerve gliding (NDNG) on hamstrings passive stiffness, viscoelasticity, flexibility, and proprioception during the warm-up of soccer players.

Design

Crossover study.

Setting

Research laboratory.

Patients or Other Participants

A total of 15 male soccer players (age = 18.0 ± 1.4 years, height = 183.1 ± 6.0 cm, mass = 76.9 ± 7.8 kg) on the same team.

Intervention(s)

The FR and NDNG consisted of 6 sets of 45 seconds with a 15-second rest between sets. Over a 2-week period, participants performed FR and NDNG on 2 separate occasions.

Main Outcome Measure(s)

Stiffness (between 50% and 80%, and 85% and 95% [STFmax] of maximal knee-extension ROM), viscoelasticity (stress-relaxation test), knee-extension ROM, hamstrings passive-resistance torque (PRT), hip-flexion angle (straight-leg raise test), and active knee-joint position sense.

Results

We observed an interaction between time and intervention for STFmax (F1,17 = 5.024, P = .042), knee-extension ROM (F1,17 = 7.371, P = .02), and PRT (F1,17 = 4.876, P = .044). The NDNG technique induced increases in STFmax (t17 = 2.374, P = .03), ROM (t17 = 2.843, P = .01), and PRT (t17 = 2.982, P = .008). Both NDNG and FR led to improved performance on the straight-leg raise test (F1,17 = 87.514, P < .001). No interaction or main effect was found for the stress-relaxation test or active knee-joint position sense.

Conclusions

Adding NDNG to the warm-up routine increased ROM more than FR and may benefit soccer players.
An Evidence-Based Review of the Pathophysiology, Treatment, and Prevention of Exercise-Associated Muscle Cramps
Authors: Miller Kevin C. , McDermott Brendon P. , Yeargin Susan W. , Fiol Aidan , Schwellnus Martin P.
Published: June 2021

Exercise-associated muscle cramps (EAMCs) are common and frustrating for athletes and the physically active. We critically appraised the EAMC literature to provide evidence-based treatment and prevention recommendations. Although the pathophysiology of EAMCs appears controversial, recent evidence suggests that EAMCs are due to a confluence of unique intrinsic and extrinsic factors rather than a singular cause. The treatment of acute EAMCs continues to include self-applied or clinician-guided gentle static stretching until symptoms abate. Once the painful EAMCs are alleviated, the clinician can continue treatment on the sidelines by focusing on patient-specific risk factors that may have contributed to the onset of EAMCs. For EAMC prevention, clinicians should obtain a thorough medical history and then identify any unique risk factors. Individualizing EAMC prevention strategies will likely be more effective than generalized advice (eg, drink more fluids).