bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Scalable reflux synthesis of a bimicroporous hydrogen-bonded framework with specific molecule recognition ability for one-step ethylene purification
Authors: Lei Jiao , Yuan Wenyu , Xue Ying-Ying , Li Libo , Lan Tianhao , Li Yan-Fei , Zhong Zhang-Lei , Zhai Quan-Guo
Published: January 2025

A scalable reflux synthesis of penetrated cage-channel bimicroporous hydrogen-bonded organic framework with extra-high stability and specific molecule recognition ability for the one-step purification of C2H4.
Silicon meta-atom-enabled self-powered selectively patterned black silicon photodetector for real-time monitoring of sunlight
Authors: Nataraj Charumathi , Mohanta Kallol , Badhirappan Geetha Priyadarshini
Published: January 2025

A meticulously designed self-powered photosensor with grating-patterned black silicon, ZnO nanospikes, and silicon meta-atoms for real-time monitoring of sunlight.
Aquatic quality watch informed by communities (AQWIC) facilitating the adoption of low-cost sensor systems for underserved communities: a review and tutorial
Authors: Hacker Josiah , Iqbal Fatima , Osuna Matías , Perea Osely , Sánchez Keiner , Page Christopher , Torres Jamie , Uddin Md. Nizam , Walden Hannah , Westerbeke Mikko , Woody Astana , Rubio Murillo Nazly Enith , Cubas Francisco , Díaz-Arriaga Farith A. , Rowles Lewis S.
Published: January 2025

This tutorial review addresses the growing need for accessible water quality monitoring in rivers, lakes, and other surface waters.
Terrestrial planet formation during giant planet formation and giant planet migration
Authors: Brasser R.
Published: January 2025

Context. Terrestrial planet formation (TPF) is a difficult problem that has vexed researchers for decades. Numerical models are only partially successful at reproducing the orbital architecture of the inner planets, but have generally not considered the effect of the growth of the giant planets. Cosmochemical experiments suggest that the nucleosynthetic isotopic composition of bodies from beyond Jupiter is different from that of the inner Solar System. This difference could have implications for the composition of the terrestrial planets.

Aims. I aim to compute how much material from the formation region of the gas giants ends up being implanted in the inner Solar System due to gas drag from the protoplanetary disc, how this implantation alters the feedstocks of the terrestrial planets, and whether this implantation scenario is consistent with predictions from cosmochemistry.

Methods. I dynamically model TPF as the gas giants Jupiter and Saturn are growing using the Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) software Gravitational ENcounters with GPU Acceleration (GENGA). The evolution of the masses, radii, and orbital elements of the gas giants are precomputed and read and interpolated within GENGA. The terrestrial planets are formed by planetesimal accretion from tens of thousands of self-gravitating planetesimals spread between 0.5 au and 8.5 au. The total mass of the inner planetesimal disc and outer disc are typically 2 and 3 Earth masses (M⊕) respectively, and the composition of the planetesimals changes from non-carbonaceous-like to carbonaceous-like at a prescribed distance, ranging from 2 au to 5 au.

Results. Here, I report on the first 5 million years of evolution. At this time approximately 20% of the mass of planetesimals in the Jupiter-Saturn region is implanted in the inner Solar System, which could be more than the cosmochemical models predict; this amount can be reduced by reducing the total mass of the outer planetesimal disc, and the results suggest a mass of 1 M⊕ could suffice. The mass-weighted fraction of outer Solar System material implanted in the inner Solar System shows a flat or bimodal distribution beyond 0.7 au, with an occasional peak near 0.9 au. The planetesimals that remain in the inner Solar System have a mixed composition, which could have implications for late accretion.

Conclusions. The growing gas giants scattered the planetesimals in their vicinity into the inner Solar System, which changed the isotopic composition of the terrestrial planets. The inner planetesimal disc may not have extended much farther than 2 au, otherwise embryos do not grow fast enough to produce Mars analogues. This could mean that the region of the current asteroid belt never contained much mass to begin with. The implantation scenario could also explain the existence of active asteroids in the main belt.
Mini review on how ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) supports post-exercise recovery
Authors: Austin Widyasari Wijaya Putu , Sri Ekayanti Ni Wayan , Evayanti Luh Gde , Subrata Tanjung
Published: January 2025

Ashwagandha is known to have many health benefits such as anti-inflammatory, cardioprotective, anti-stress, antioxidant, and revitalizing properties. In the field of sport, Ashwagandha can maintain endurance and reduce post-exercise stress response. However, the mechanism of action remains uncertain. The purpose of this review is to discuss the role of Ashwagandha in sports endurance and recovery. The method used is a literature review which focuses on research publications related to the topic at least from 2015 onwards. Consumption of ashwagandha may reduce cortisol, lactic acid, and urea nitrogen levels and improve Vo2max that may prevent the damaging effects of stress and restore normal physiological functioning during and after exercise. These studies also found ashwagandha may induce muscle cell differentiation. Therefore, ashwagandha extract has a potential effect on endurance and post-exercise recovery.
The potential of Dayak tribal herbal leaves as an anti-breast cancer agent: In silico approach
Authors: Kellik Setiawan Volta , Affan Ali Murtadlo Ahmad , Nur Muhammad Ansori Arif , Dhea Kharisma Viol , Dayu Rahma Turista Dora
Published: January 2025

Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of mortality among women worldwide, prompting the exploration of alternative, natural therapies. This study examines the anti-breast cancer potential of traditional herbal plants used by the Dayak tribe, particularly Kleinhovia hospita Linn. Through in silico approaches, the study investigates the cytotoxic effects and binding affinities of key compounds, such as Scopoletin, Quercetin, and Eleutherol, with breast cancer-related proteins. Molecular docking analysis demonstrated that Quercetin and Eleutherol exhibit high binding affinities (−9 and −8 kcal/mol, respectively) with target proteins, indicating significant potential for inhibiting cancer cell proliferation by targeting proteins like EGFR, JNK, and NUDT5. The drug-likeness analysis confirmed that Quercetin and Eleutherol meet criteria for further therapeutic exploration. These findings suggest that compounds from Dayak tribal plants could be viable anti-cancer agents, providing a scientific foundation for developing culturally relevant and effective treatments for breast cancer. Further research is recommended to isolate and evaluate the bioactive compounds in preclinical and clinical settings. This work supports the potential of traditional Dayak herbal medicine as a natural therapeutic strategy against breast cancer.
Association between stress level, dietary pattern, and smoking habit with central obesity in PT Raputra Jaya Ferry crews
Authors: Julianchika Imaniar Betari , Malkan Bakhrul Ilmi Ibnu , Ayu Arini Firlia
Published: January 2025

The ship crew plays a vital role in vessel operations, making it essential to maintain productivity, which can be affected by overweight issues. Central obesity, with a prevalence of 31% among individuals aged ≥15 years in 2018, surpasses overall obesity rates. This study examines the relationship between stress, diet, and smoking habits with central obesity in ship crews using a cross-sectional method and 101 respondents selected via stratified random sampling. Chi-square tests revealed significant links between central obesity and the consumption of fatty (p=0.001) and sweet foods/beverages (p=0.001), but no association with stress (p=0.170), salty foods (p=0.695), fruits/vegetables (p=0.458), or smoking (p=0.255). Reducing fatty and sweet food intake is recommended to lower central obesity risk.
Spatial analysis of metabolic syndrome among healthcare workers in a suburban area
Authors: Apriningsih Apriningsih , Ayu Arini Firlia , Meiyetriani Eflita
Published: January 2025

This study aims to investigate the prevalence and spatial distribution of metabolic syndrome (MetS), obesity, hypertension, and high cholesterol levels among health workers in Depok City. 614 respondents were surveyed, with most female (75.1%) and aged 25-34 (44.3%). The study found high rates of high blood pressure (33.2%), high cholesterol levels (30.3%), and metabolic syndrome (40.7%), with 47.6% classified as obese. Spatial analysis revealed significant correlations between metabolic syndrome and obesity (p<0.05). Obesity plays a substantial effect in metabolic syndrome prevalence. More study is needed to investigate obesity-targeted interventions to reduce metabolic syndrome prevalence.
Digital-based nutrition education on nutrition knowledge and behaviors in adolescents: A systematic review
Authors: Dwiyan Fahrizki Destio , Meti Dwiriani Cesilia
Published: January 2025

Adolescence signifies a transition period from childhood to adulthood marked by various changes, including nutrition behaviors. Nutrition behaviors established during this time often persist into adulthood, influencing long-term nutritional intake and status. Fulfillment of nutritional needs is an absolute for adolescents and poor nutrition behaviors can cause nutritional problems in adolescents. Nutrition education is one way to improve the nutrition knowledge and behaviors in adolescents. The advancement of technology gives rise to new media, one of which is digital media. Digital media such as mobile apps, podcasts, social media, and video games are shown to be effective media in nutrition education for improving people's nutritional knowledge and behaviors, including in adolescents. This PRISMA review aimed to identify and synthesize all related studies to assess the effectiveness of digital-based nutrition education in adolescents’ nutrition knowledge and behaviors. All studies reported some positive outcomes on nutrition knowledge and behaviors in adolescents. In the future, a randomized controlled study a with longer duration is recommended for digital-based nutrition education.
Effect of tele-nutrition education on weight loss, energy intake, and fat adequacy among obese adults in Banyumas, Central Java, Indonesia
Authors: Jati Prasetyo Teguh , Nur Khoiriani Izzati , Aulia Wicaksari Sifa , Ratna Ramadhan Gumintang
Published: January 2025

Obesity can be caused by imbalanced energy intake and expenditure due to a lack of physical activity. This research aims to analyze the effect of tele-nutrition education on changes in weight loss, energy, and fat adequacy in obese adults. Forty-six obese adults were involved in this study and randomly divided into control and intervention groups. Tele- nutrition education was conducted in the intervention group for 16 meetings. Food consumption data was obtained using the 2x24 hour recall method and anthropometric data using the Omron HBF 375 and Kenko Stadiometer. Statistical tests using SPSS were performed. The results indicated that there was a significant weight loss in the intervention (p=0.008) group, while there was no weight reduction in the control group (p=0.283). The statistical test showed a significant decline in the level of energy adequacy in both the control (-18.2 ± 23.4; p < 0.05) and intervention groups (-25.9 ± 32.0; p<0.05). The intervention group also experienced a significant reduction in fat adequacy (-47.5±82.5; p<0.05) but in the control group, the decrease in fat was not statistically significant (p>0.05). In conclusion, tele-nutrition education had significant benefits on changes in weight loss, levels of energy, and fat adequacy among the intervention group compared to the control group.
Nutritional supplementation, combined with a balanced diet and environmental health education, improved the conversion of LTBI and daily nutrient intake
Authors: Samsidi Suparman , Fahri Sukmal , Nur Fauziyah Roro , Dewi Maryati , Khairat Fakhrida , Sunanda Putra Egy , Juliastuti Aditya
Published: January 2025

Latent tuberculosis infection showed an iceberg phenomenon and it is also an early form of tuberculosis. This disease remains prevalent in many countries and has become a public health problem. Integration- based approaches in the form of nutritional supplement intervention combined with a balanced diet and environmental health education, may be effective in addressing latent tuberculosis. This study evaluates the efficacy of an integrated intervention model in improving specific immune responses and nutrient intake among subjects. This study employed field experimental design and random allocation techniques. This study was conducted in two HCs (Health Centers) in Bandung and Jambi, Indonesia. A total of 36 samples were taken from Garuda HC in Bandung and 36 samples from Paal Merah II HC in Jambi. Each group consisted of 36 treatment and 36 control group samples. The intervention lasted for 30 days. The control group received a balanced diet and environmental health education and the treatment group received both education-based intervention and nutritional supplementation. The results showed that the proportion of the treatment group with reduced latent tuberculosis status was higher than that of the control group (p>0.05). The treatment group also had an increase in daily nutrient intake compared to the control group (p<0.05).
Shelf-life estimation of jelly drink formulated with bay leaf (
Syzygium polyanthum) and guava juice (Psidium guajava)
Authors: Putri Sefanadia , Anna Marliyati Sri , Setiawan Budi
Published: January 2025

Jelly drinks must meet two essential requirements: safety and quality during storage and distribution. This study aimed to investigate the shelf life of jelly drinks containing a 50:50 ratio of bay leaf extract and guava juice at various storage temperatures. The study employed a completely randomized design (CRD) with two variables: storage temperature (4°C and 25°C) and duration (0, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 days). The pH, sensory, and microbiological characteristics of the jelly drinks were analyzed. The results indicated that storage temperature did not significantly affect sensory characteristics. Jelly drinks stored at both room and refrigerated temperatures were well accepted and considered commercially viable. The maximum shelf life was eight days under refrigeration, while at room temperature (25°C), it reached the SNI threshold after four days. Antimicrobial agents are recommended to extend the shelf life of the Jelly Drink made from bay leaf and guava juice (GUALAM).
Effect of extraction method on antioxidant activity and phytochemical content of purple okra extract supplements
Authors: Ni’maturrohmi Miftahul , Damayanthi Evy , Rimbawan Rimbawan
Published: January 2025

This study analyzed the effects of extraction methods on the antioxidant activity and phytocemical content of purple okra extract supplements. The extraction methods used in the preparation of the supplements were maceration and digestion. The purple okra extract supplement showed antioxidant capacity expressed as % inhibition of 99.73±0.17% and 83.46±0.90%, with an AEAC of 12.50±0.32 and 9.43±0.17 mg AEAC g⁻¹. The antioxidant activity, expressed as IC50, was measured at 233.01±61.69 and 391.05±8.90 ppm, indicating weak antioxidant activity. The purple okra extract supplement showed total phenols of 72.80±18.55 and 62.65±22.85 mg GAE g⁻¹, and total flavonoid content of 90.73±6.11 and 75.62±7.06 mg QE g⁻¹. Based on the statistical analysis using an independent t-test, it was found that the extraction method significantly affected the parameters of antioxidant activity and capacity, as well as total flavonoid content. By elucidating the influence of extraction methods on the activity, capacity, and phytochemical content of purple okra extract supplements, this study enhances our understanding of the importance of using appropriate extraction methods to maximize the extraction of active compounds. Future research is expected to optimize extraction methods, exploring solvent combinations, conducting in vivo studies on the therapeutic potential of purple okra, and examining its molecular mechanisms.
Gluten-free instant noodles based on mocaf flour
Authors: Ariani Dini , Rahayu Novita Herawati Ervika , Nurhayati Rifa , Angwar Mukhamad
Published: January 2025

Background: Noodles are commonly made from wheat flour, which is an imported commodity. New innovation is needed by developing local food ingredients to make noodles. Mocaf exhibits properties such as viscosity, gelatinization, dehydration power, and solubility similar to wheat flour, so it can be used as a substitute ingredient in the developing of food products based on wheat flour. This study aims to develop gluten-free instant noodles using mocaf (modified cassava flour). Methods: The experimental design used a completely randomized design with five variations of rice flour and sago flour. Five noodle formulas were tested for their physical and sensory properties. The most favorable formula was analyzed for its nutritional content. Each treatment was set in duplicates, while analyses were performed in three replicates. All statistical analyses were performed with SPSS 23. Results: The most favorable formula was Mo4, which contains 6.15% water, 2.65% ash, 14.7% fat, 74.60% carbohydrate, 526 kcal total energy, 0.95% total sugar, 0.06% trans fat, and 4.12% dietary fiber. Conclusions: The preferred noodle contains 4.12% of dietary fiber, thus qualifying as a good source of dietary fiber. This noodle can become an alternative healthy food for individuals with gluten intolerance.
Factors influencing food security among fishermen households in West Java
Authors: Irbah Syahputri Rofifah , Tanziha Ikeu , Farida Baliwati Yayuk , Retna Puspita Dyah
Published: January 2025

Background: Food security is a critical component of sustainable development, particularly concerning health and nutrition. Fisherman households often face food insecurity, which is strongly associated with poverty. Objective: This research aims to analyze factors related to household food security among fishermen in Cikahuripan village, Cisolok District, Sukabumi Regency, West Java. Methods: This study employs a cross-sectional study consisting of 100 fisherman households selected using random sampling techniques. Food security is measured using the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS). The independent variables in this study included the education levels of both the wife and husband, household income, nutrition knowledge, and their ages at the time of marriage. Results indicated that 80% of fisherman households were facing food insecurity. Household income (p = 0.046) and the age of the wife at the time of marriage (p = 0.047) were significantly related to food security. Conclusion: Enhancing skills training to improve economic capabilities and encouraging marriage at an ideal age are recommended to prevent food insecurity among fishermen households.
Implementation of sustainable healthy diet in urban household consumption
Authors: Dhyani Swamilaksita Prita , Farida Baliwati Yayuk , Martianto Drajat , Briawan Dodik , Ahzaini Laili Nur
Published: January 2025

A sustainable healthy diet is one that is nutritionally adequate and healthy, safe, culturally acceptable, economically fair and affordable, and has little environmental impact. This definition adds human health to the social, economic, and environmental dimensions. This study examines the implementation of a sustainable healthy diet in urban households in terms of health, socioeconomic, and environment, where the indicators include food consumption (amount and type), the proportion of food expenditure, and food waste (grams/capita/day) generated. The methodology used in this study was a cross-sectional method, where data collection was carried out from November 2023 - January 2024 in urban housewives. The results showed that the average diversity of consumption was quite good, with an average of 69.9 (>42), but only <20% had normal energy consumption levels, and <50% had normal protein consumption levels. The proportion of food expenditure of the population averaged >60% (70.5%) of total income, while household food waste generated amounted to 319.2 grams/day or equivalent to 79.8 g/cap/day with cereals and vegetables as the highest type of food waste. Therefore, it can be concluded that in this study, sustainable healthy eating patterns in urban households were not achieved. Education is needed to increase awareness of balanced nutrition consumption so that the quality of consumption increases along with the reduction of food waste.
Microplastics contamination in Coban Kethak and its flow
Authors: Vidayanti Viky , Retnaningdyah Catur , Arisoesilaningsih Endang
Published: January 2025

This study aims to identify the distribution and frequency of microplastics in the sediment and water of Coban Kethak, a water source in the Malang, Indonesia. Recreation, recreation with sanitary facilities, durian plantation, and paddy fields were the four sites from where samples were taken, and each represented a distinct set of human-caused features. Wet peroxide oxidation and density separation procedures were used to extract microplastics, which were seen and identified using stereomicroscopy. PCA and clustering were analyzed using PAST software to identify the main patterns of variation in microplastic density among locations. This study found that microplastics, all smaller than 3 μm in size, were found in four different shapes: fibers, pieces, films, and microbeads. Microplastic concentrations in sediment (84 particles/100g) and water (68 particles/50L) were highest at the recreational location and lowest in the paddy field region (0 microplastic in sediment sample and 44 particles/50L in water sample, respectively). According to principal component analysis and cluster analysis, the study shows that microplastic contamination is associated with human activities, with recreational areas being the most affected. According to these findings, further study and targeted solutions are needed to decrease microplastic contamination in freshwater ecosystems, especially in places with heavy human activity.
A collaborative management model as an effort for the conservation of native plants of Java’s mountains in Mount Merbabu National Park
Authors: Gunawati Dewi , Sulaksono Nurpana , Ibrahim Mohd Hairy
Published: January 2025

Taman Nasional Gunung Merbabu possesses a diverse flora, encompassing various indigenous plant species crucial for ecosystem equilibrium. The preservation of these native plants is threatened by anthropogenic activities in the surrounding area, including forest fires, highintensity human activities, illegal actions, and excessive exploitation. This research aims to explore the role of communities in the conservation efforts of indigenous plants in Taman Nasional Gunung Merbabu. Data collection was conducted through in-depth interviews, field observations, and document analysis. The results indicate that a strong synergy between the government and local communities is essential for the conservation of Merbabu’s native plants. The government’s role involves educating communities about native plant conservation, in addition to its primary function as a policymaker. Communities participate in various activities such as protected area security, plant monitoring, nursery development, planting, and environmental education. These roles contribute positively to the conservation of Gunung Merbabu’s indigenous plants. Active community participation not only strengthens conservation efforts but also enhances awareness and concern for the necessity of preserving plant diversity. The findings from this research provide insights into how participatory approaches can improve the effectiveness of conservation programs and suggest models that can be applied to other national parks to address similar challenges.
Comparative analysis of herbs ability Bajakah wood (Spatholobus littoralis), red betel (Piper crocatum), and Papuan red fruit (Pandanus conoideus) in preventing free radicals due to rhodamine-B injection
Authors: Noor Johan Andoyo Effendi , Juswono Unggul Pundjung , Latifah Risalatul , Palentek Gabriel Ada’ , Faisal Muhammad
Published: January 2025

Rhodamine B is a carcinogenic additive that can trigger free radicals. Bajakah wood (Spatholobus littoralis), red betel (Piper crocatum), and Papua red fruit (Pandanus conoideus) are herbs with high antioxidants to ward off free radicals. This study analyzed the ability of the three herbs to fight free radicals due to rhodamine B injection. Eighty-five mice (Mus musculus) were divided into 17 treatment groups. The groups consisted of mice without herbs and rhodamine B, only with rhodamine B, and a combination of rhodamine B with certain herbal doses. Free radical measurements were carried out using Electron Spin Resonance (ESR), and cell damage was observed through histopathology. The effective doses were 7.27 mg/ml (Bajakah), 3.95 mg/ml (red betel), and 8.83 mg/ml (Papua red fruit). Free radicals decreased to 0.6 A.u (Bajakah), 0.8 A.u (red betel), and 0.7 A.u (Papua red fruit). Histopathology showed a decrease in cell damage by 44.7% (Bajakah), 30.2% (red betel), and 26.6% (Papua red fruit). The results of free radicals correlate with cell damage. Bajakah wood is the most effective herb for preventing free radicals.
Integrated bioinformatic approach of Balur therapy for breast cancer subtypes
Authors: Aristyani Sherry , Subagjo Saraswati , Rahayu Tintrim , Sumitro Sutiman B.
Published: January 2025

Balur is a topical complementary alternative medicine that can be applied to breast cancer. Balur eliminates free radicals and heavy metals which it found enhance in cancer patients compared with healthy persons. Balur uses materials that potentially can halt cancer progression and development such as aspirin, coffee, moringa, and tobacco. This study was to describe the complexity of Balur in the biological system of breast cancer subtypes such as luminal A, liminal B, and HER-2, which had been found in high numbers in Indonesia, with an integrative bioinformatic approach. Active compounds found from literature studies were collected and screened by skin permeability variables. For breast cancer subtypes, differential expressed gene (DEG) identification was used to explore the target of Balur compounds. The Cytoscape software was used to construct the network of Balur compounds and target proteins of breast cancer subtypes. Gene Ontology, pathway, docking, hub gene, and survival analysis were applied to investigate the detailed mechanism of Balur to breast cancer in each subtype. The results showed that Balur compounds targeted respectively 68, 86, and 84 genes of luminal A, luminal B, and HER-2. From these target genes, 7 Balur compounds had higher binding energy than chemotherapy compounds when they docked with hub genes from each subtype. In conclusion, this study explained the pharmacological mechanisms of Balur therapy, which has great potential as a complementary therapy for breast cancer subtypes.
Hypoglycemic activity of brown seaweed (Sargassum plagiophyllum) kombucha bioactive compound in rat model type-2 of diabetes
Authors: Priambodo Ahmad Faris , Martati Erryana , Firdaus Muhamad
Published: January 2025

Hyperglycemia is a condition of increased blood glucose with out of normal limits criteria associated with diabetes mellitus. Uncontrolled hyperglycemia is one of the causes of complications in diabetes mellitus sufferers. Sargassum plagiophyllum is one of brown seaweed that contains many bioactive compounds which are useful as hypoglycemic agents. The kombucha fermentation method is used to reduce structural complexity, thereby increasing the bioavailability of bioactives. This study aims to evaluate the administration of S. plagiophyllum kombucha (SK) to the blood profile of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) rats treated with a 21% highfructose diet (HFD) with normal feed. S. plagiophyllum was obtained from Talango, Sumenep, Madura Island, East Java Province. 2-month-old male Rattus norvegicus was used as a model animal. The study consisted of 5 groups, including negative control, positive control (DM2), DM2 + SK 1.5 mL/250 g bw once a day, DM2 + SK 1.5 mL/250 g bw twice a day, and DM2 + SK 1, 5 mL/250 g bw three times a day. Animal model research was carried out for 2 months. The study’s conclusion shows that S. plagiophyllum kombucha has bioactive compounds as hypoglycemic agents and contributes to improving body weight, fasting blood glucose (FBG), lipid profiles, insulin, and MDA in type-2 diabetes rats model.
Vitamin D and Tinospora cordifolia modulate TLR3 and TLR4 pathways, reduce inflammation, and maintain antimicrobial peptide levels in infected mice
Authors: Jamil Ahmad Shobrun , Widyarti Sri , Setiawan Meddy , Rifa’i Muhaimin
Published: January 2025

The activation of Toll-Like Receptor-3 (TLR3) and Toll-Like Receptor-4 (TLR4) signalling pathways is a regular pathway for immune system activation during infection. This study aimed to investigate the effects of vitamin D (VD) and Tinospora cordifolia ethanol extract (TC) on TLR3 and TLR4 receptor protein expression, proinflammatory cytokine (IL1 and IL-6) production, and antimicrobial peptide cathelicidin (CAP) production in CD11b+ cells of mice infected with Escherichia coli. The treatments consisted of administration of VD (0.325 µg/kg bw), TC (100 mg/kg bw), and a combination of both in the same dose for 28 days, followed by induction of E. coli infection on day 29. The flow cytometry method was analyzed of TLR3, TLR4, IL-1, IL-6, and CAP expression in CD11b+ cells of experimental animals. The following measurement results were compared with healthy controls and infected animals with the significance of differences between treatments analyzed by One-way ANOVA with p < 0.05. The results showed that administering VD, TC, and a combination of both reduced the expression of TLR3, TLR4, and IL-1 compared to treating infected animals. The combination treatment of VD + TC increased CAP production more than all other treatments. This significant finding suggests that the combination of VD + TC has the potential to control inflammation without disrupting the body’s defence mechanisms against infection, providing valuable insights for the field of immunology.
Herbal medicine and leptospirosis in Southeast Asia: A comprehensive bibliometric analysis (1973-2023)
Authors: Shah Putri Ade Dian , Stefani Widodo , Putri Damayanti Irma , Halim Shariff , Abidah Safithri , Muhammad Almanfaluthi
Published: January 2025

This study provides a bibliometric analysis of research on herbal medicine and leptospirosis in Southeast Asia from 1973 to 2023. The investigation identified 3,043 documents through a systematic search in the Scopus database using keywords. One hundred forty-seven papers were published across 100 different sources, revealing an annual growth rate of 6.07%, indicating a growing interest in the intersection of herbal medicine and leptospirosis. The study shows significant collaboration, with 935 authors contributing to the body of research and an average of 7.55 co-authors per document. Notably, 40.14% of the publications involve international co-authorship, reflecting the global relevance and collaborative efforts in addressing leptospirosis through herbal remedies. Keyword analysis highlights “leptospirosis,” “leptospira,” and “DNA extraction” as central themes, demonstrating a focus on the genetic and diagnostic aspects of the disease alongside the exploration of plant-based treatments. The research also emphasizes the role of preclinical studies and the chemical analysis of herbal remedies for leptospirosis. The study identifies key contributors to the field, with prolific authors such as Chee HY, Sekawi Z, and Patarakul K leading the research efforts. Malaysia, Thailand, and Japan are highlighted as the most productive countries, significantly contributing to this domain’s research output and citation impact.
Considerations for the Federal Reserve’s upcoming framework review
Authors: Mester Loretta J.
Published: January 2025

A monetary policy framework should be effective across a wide variety of economic circumstances. Since the economic environment today is considerably different from what it was in the decade leading up to the 2019–2020 review, there is scope for some improvements in the FOMC's framework. While the inflation target should remain the same, there should be more emphasis on a symmetric approach, which recognizes that inflation can go above target as well as below target and recognizes that the level of employment need not be consistent with stable prices. The consensus statement should also acknowledge that the risks to inflation and employment can vary over time and that policy will need to balance these risks. The strategy and consensus statement should reinforce the forward-looking and pre-emptive nature of setting appropriate monetary policy. The upcoming framework review should spend some effort on examining potential improvements to the FOMC's communication strategy. The FOMC should issue post-meeting statements that more clearly explain the linkage between economic developments and policy action or inaction. Putting somewhat less weight on the modal outlook and more on potential risks to the outlook would help the public understand that if certain risks are realized, policy may have to deviate from the previously communicated modal path. The FOMC should also consider improvements to the Summary of Economic Projections (SEP). I anticipate that the FOMC review will consider monetary policy tools and, in particular, asset purchases and forward guidance. Finally, the review should consider how best to incorporate financial stability considerations into the monetary policy framework.
Orientational ordering in molecular crystals
Authors: Harris A. B.
Published: January 2025

The general phenomenon of orientational ordering in molecular crystals is reviewed. Some of the basic physical questions which arise in connection with orientational ordering in molecular crystals are enumerated and experimental techniques used to address them are described. The description of orientational ordering in terms of order parameters and the resulting form of the Landau expansion is discussed for several typical cases. The relation to the modern theory of critical phenomena and notions of elementary excitations are also discussed. Analogous theories of dynamics are briefly mentioned.
EPR spectrum of CsDy(MoO4)2 and structural peculiarities of magnetically ordered phase of the crystal
Authors: Anders A. G. , Bondarenko V. S. , Feher A. , Orendaceva A.
Published: January 2025

Angular dependences of EPR spectrum of the Dy3+ ion in the CsDy(MoO4)2 single crystal is investigated at T = 4.2 K. It is found that the spectrum of the low-temperature phase of this compound corresponds to two magnetically nonequivalent centers contained in a unit cell and with coinciding extremal values of the effective g-factor tensor (ga′ = 3.7±0.2, gb′ = 1 ±0.5, gc′ = 13.4±0.5), but with tensor axes turned in space. The estimates of the dipole–dipole interaction energy in the system lead to the conclusion that the structure of a magnetically ordered state is such that it contains ferromagnetic chains of moments of rare-earth ions, which are oriented along the c-axis and connected antiferromagnetically with one another.
Magnetic resonances in two-layer iron–garnet films
Authors: Grishin A. M. , Dellalov V. S. , Shkar’ V. F. , Yampol’skii S. V.
Published: January 2025

Frequency dependences of resonant fields and intensities of uniform ferrimagnetic resonances (FMR) and spin-wave resonances (SWR) in a two-layer iron–garnet film structure one of whose layers has an easy-axis anisotropy, and the other an easy-plane anisotropy have been investigated in the case when the external magnetic field is perpendicular to the plane of the film. It is shown that the excitation of SWR between two values of frequencies (or fields) corresponding to uniform ferrimagnetic resonances can be explained by the skin effect at the boundary between the layers. The spin-wave penetration depth in the neighboring layer is estimated theoretically.
Polymorphism of D2O cryocondensates
Authors: Drobyshev A. S. , Garipoglyi D. N.
Published: January 2025

The results of experimental studies of the dependence of growth rate, refractive indices, and IR reflection spectra of real cryocrystals of heavy water vapor on the conditions of their formation (condensation surface temperature and gaseous phase pressure) are discussed. The observed peculiarities of the temperature dependence of growth rate and refractive indices, as well as the IR reflection spectra of layers of cryocondenstates of heavy water lead to the conclusion that vacuum condensates of this material undergo a large number of structural and morphological transformations.
Peculiarities of current-voltage characteristics of asymmetric superconducting tunnel junctions observed during measurements in the “voltage source’’ mode
Authors: Nevirkovets I. P. , Polyakov A. N. , Pil’ko G. V. , Ryumshin V. V.
Published: January 2025

The nature of the singularity observed on the descending segment of the static current-voltage characteristics (IVC) of Sn–I–Pb tunnel junctions in the voltage range (ΔPb− ΔSn)/e<V<(ΔPb+ ΔSn)/e (where ΔPb and ΔSn are the superconducting energy gaps of Pb and Sn, respectively) biased in the “voltage source” mode is investigated. The behavior of the singularity under various experimental conditions, e.g., for different values of load resistance for the junctions, temperature, and applied magnetic field and a comparison of the results of well-known experiments on Josephson branches of IVC with the theory indicate that the shape of the descending segment is apparently determined by the processes associated with relaxation oscillations in the system.
Local anomalies of the Fermi surface geometry and amplification of magnetoacoustic oscillations in metals
Authors: Zimbovskaya N. A.
Published: January 2025

The effect of parabolic points on the Fermi surface of a metal on geometrical oscillations of the velocity and the attenuation of ultrasound is considered. It is shown that such peculiarities of the geometrical structure of the Fermi surface of the metal can lead to enhancement of oscillations and to a characteristic dependence of the oscillation amplitude on the magnetic field direction. The form of this dependence is analyzed.
Spin fluctuations and low-temperature peculiarities of thermal expansion of FeSi
Authors: Volkov A. G. , Kortov S. V. , Povzner A. A.
Published: January 2025

We report on the low-temperature measurement of the thermal coefficient of linear expansion of the strong paramagnet FeSi. The obtained results are discussed in the framework of the spin-fluctuation theory. It is shown that the electronic part of the thermal coefficient of linear expansion is negative in the range of temperatures below the semiconductor-metal phase transition, and positive in the metallic phase. This peculiarity of the thermal coefficient of linear expansion of FeSi is attributed to the renormalization of the density of states of d-electrons by spin fluctuations.
Nonlinear low-frequency structures of electromagnetic field in a compensated metal
Authors: Vekslerchik V. E. , Snapiro I. B. , Tkachev G. B.
Published: January 2025

The possibility of formation of essentially nonlinear low-frequency intrinsic states of electromagnetic field in a compensated metal is studied theoretically. It is shown that soliton and kink-type structures emerging in an unbounded metallic medium are in the form of propagating transverse waves with a stationary profile. These nonlinear waves exist due to the influence of their intrinsic strong nonuniform magnetic field on the charge carrier dynamics.
On the peculiarities of electroacoustic transformations in layered conductors
Authors: Gokhfel’d V. M.
Published: January 2025

The peculiarities of electromagnetic generation and electron absorption of ultrasound in layered conductors with a quasi-two-dimensional spectrum of charge carriers are analyzed.
The structure and superconducting parameters of YBaCuO–Ag powder composites prepared by static (cold and hot) and shock pressing
Authors: Dotsenko V. I. , Braude I. S. , Ivanchenko L. G. , Kislyak I. F. , Puzanova A. A. , Shevchonok A. A.
Published: January 2025

Three methods of pressing powder mixtures (static (cold and hot) as well as shock method) were investigated with a view to study the effect of technological mode on the structure and superconducting properties of YBaCuO–Ag powder composite. The Ag concentration C varied from 0 to 50 vol.%. It is found that the orthorhombicity b/a of YBaCuO ceramics is virtually independent of c up to c = 30 vol. % for static pressing, and decreases abruptly even for small C in the case of shock pressing. The peaks of superconducting transition temperatures Tc and critical transport current density jc of statically pressed samples are observed near C= 10 vol.%. In samples subjected to shock pressing, these parameters deteriorate abruptly.
Harbor seal whiskers could lead to improved sensors and more durable structures
Authors: Nelson Ryan
Published: January 2025

Varying surface undulations and wake conditions influence the vortex-induced vibrations of seal whiskers, with implications for engineering applications.
Ultrasound-assisted microfluidic cell separation: A study on microparticles for enhanced cancer diagnosis
Authors: Kouhkord Afshin , Naserifar Naser
Published: January 2025

Cancer continues to pose significant challenges globally, especially in developed countries, largely due to delayed diagnosis and limited therapeutic options. Early detection of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in peripheral blood has emerged as a critical factor in enhancing treatment efficacy, despite the inherent difficulty in controllable target cell separation. To address this challenge, this study introduces an innovative acoustofluidic system designed for the separation of CTCs from red blood cells. Leveraging the principles of standing surface acoustic waves (SSAWs) and novel microfluidic channel design, this system promises significant advancements in CTC isolation efficiency. The integration of Multiphysics Finite Element Method and multivariate surrogate modeling, which contribute to generate datasets that predict the performance of the proposed acoustic micro-electro-mechanical system in explaining the cell migration phenomena. These mathematical models serve as the foundation for applying two machine learning algorithms, differential evolution, and multi-objective particle swarm optimization. The proposed integrated intelligent framework balances the interplay of variables, sheath flow rates, and peak-to-peak voltage (Vpp). SSAW and cell interaction times and cell trajectory patterns are analyzed through the controlled generation of acoustic pressures within the microchannel, enhancing efficiency while reducing energy consumption and maximizing cell recovery rates. Precision in cell manipulation is achieved by combining analyzed surface acoustic waves with optimized curved microchannel geometry design, developing a dualized active acoustic zone with improved control mechanisms for cell movement. A 35% increase in acoustic energy consumption occurs when voltage increases from 10 V to 15 V in constant IDT (interdigital transducer) aperture. Additionally, a 72% increase in energy consumption is observed when IDT aperture increases from 10° to 40° under constant voltage. Optimal cell recovery is achieved with 200 mm/s sheath flowrate, 10 V voltage, and 0.32 MPa acoustic pressure, resulting in a 100% recovery rate. Furthermore, increasing IDT aperture from 10° to 40° reduces cell distance by 30 μm, while a maximum lateral displacement of 45 μm is achieved at 120 mm/s. By integrating computational simulations, experimental verifications, and machine learning algorithms, the research unveils transformative potential for miniaturized diagnostic platforms in cancer therapeutics. This innovative approach in laboratory-on-chip technology paves the way for personalized medicine, real-time molecular analysis, and point-of-care diagnostics.
A novel hybrid deep learning model for ultra-short-term prediction of wind speed
Authors: Liu K. J. , Shu Z. R. , Chan P. W.
Published: January 2025

Accurate ultra-short-term wind speed prediction is critical for various engineering applications. Although decomposition-integration methods are widely used for this purpose, several challenges remain. This study addresses these challenges by integrating two-stage feature extraction, a combination weight prediction model, and intelligent integration to improve prediction accuracy. In the decomposition phase, two advanced methods are employed to reduce data complexity and extract comprehensive features. During reconstruction, multiscale sample entropy is applied to balance computational efficiency with model complexity. To overcome the limitations of individual forecasting models, a combined prediction model incorporating two deep learning approaches is developed, with weights adaptively optimized using the Sparrow Search Algorithm. Additionally, to address the variability in subsequence contributions, intelligent weight integration based on deep learning models is implemented, ensuring robust and accurate final predictions. Validation using wind speed data from three Hong Kong Observatory weather stations demonstrates that the proposed method outperforms benchmark models, achieving more-satisfactory accuracy, stability, and robustness.
Resistive switching and synaptic characteristics in ZnO@β-SiC
composite-based RRAM for neuromorphic computing
Authors: Santra Bisweswar , Das Gangadhar , Aquilanti Giuliana , Kanjilal Aloke
Published: January 2025

The advancement of neuromorphic computing in resistive random-access memory (RRAM) is crucial for the rapid expansion of artificial intelligence. Conventional metal oxide-based RRAM faces challenges in mimicking synaptic activity, leading to the exploration of new resistive switching (RS) materials. This study introduces a ZnO@β-SiC composite-based RRAM device that exhibits biological synapse-like functionality. The device shows self-compliance and forming-free RS at ∼0.8 V, where it also mimics synaptic responses such as potentiation, depression, and paired-pulse facilitation at low voltage stimuli (∼0.6 V, 40 ms) with learning and forgetting behavior. Moreover, the synaptic plasticity is analyzed through spike rate dependent plasticity, spike number dependent plasticity, and spike time dependent plasticity. Further, the transition from short-term plasticity to long-term plasticity is observed under more training pulses and lower interval stimuli. The observed RS mechanism and synaptic functionalities are explained by the electric field-driven formation and dissolution of conducting filaments of oxygen vacancies. The chemical properties and local electronic structure have been examined by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption spectroscopy. To elucidate the atomistic memristive behavior and the contribution of different electrical parameters in RRAM, detailed conductive atomic-force microscopy and impedance analysis have been carried out.