bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spatial-temporal variations in seismicity preceding the May 1980, Mammoth Lakes, California, earthquakes
Authors: Ryall Alan , Ryall Floriana
Published: June 2021

abstract

Anomalous temporal variations in the southern part of the Sierra Nevada-Great Basin boundary zone (SNGBZ) from 1977 to 1980 followed a pattern that several authors have identified as precursory to strong earthquakes. From January 1977 to September 1978, a general decrease in seismicity was observed in the southern part of the zone, followed by a burst of moderate earthquakes from Doyle in the northern part of the SNGBZ to Bishop in the south. The 1977 to 1979 variations are particularly noteworthy because they occurred over the entire SNGBZ, indicating a regional, rather than local cause. In the southern part of the zone, a magnitude 5.7 shock 25 km northwest of Bishop on 4 October 1978 was followed by an earthquake swarm in the Mammoth Lakes area, with peaks in activity during late 1979 and the spring of 1980. The Mammoth Lakes activity spread gradually to the west during the first year of this sequence, apparently involving several northerly-trending fracture zones in an area of about 900 km2. Bursts of activity from December 1979 to April 1980 had increasingly dense spatial clustering. Temporal clustering showed monthly peaks in the spring of 1980, and intense swarming occurred in mid-May, about 10 days before the largest events in the sequence.

A search for changes in P-wave velocity changes within the SNGBZ, based on recordings of Nevada Test Site explosions at pairs of stations, has so far produced negative results.
Patterns of local seismicity preceding the petatlan earthquake of 14 March 1979
Authors: Gettrust J. F. , Hsu V. , Helsley C. E. , Herrero E. , Jordan T.
Published: June 2021

abstract

Local seismic activity (M > 2.3) during the 412-day period preceding the Petatlan earthquake of 14 March 1979 (Ms = 7.6) was monitored by a seismic network deployed by the Hawaii Institute of Geophysics. These data allow us to revise the location of that event, and to study its pattern of foreshocks. The foreshock hypocenters are concentrated above the ocean/continent plate boundary and landward of the hypocenter of the main shock. The spatial distribution of foreshocks suggests that the foreshocks occurred along existing zones of weakness within the continental plate. During the 112-day period preceding the Petatlan event, foreshocks were concentrated within 100 km of the epicenter of that earthquake. The pattern of precursory seismic activity we observed during that period is similar to that observed during the same time period prior to the Oaxaca earthquake of 29 November 1978. However, the 17-hr period of seismic quiescence (for events with M > 2.8) preceding the Oaxaca earthquake is not found in our data where a magnitude 4 foreshock occurs within 28 min of and 2 km from the Petatlan event. This suggests that the spatially larger set of foreshocks may have greater diagnostic value than does the sequence of precursory events within 30 km of the main shock.
Geodetic determination of horizontal deformation associated with the Guatemala earthquake of 4 February 1976
Authors: Lisowski M. , Thatcher W.
Published: June 2021

abstract

A 15-station geodetic control network extending 10 km north and 40 km south of the Motagua fault in Guatemala was reobserved 2 yr after the 4 February 1976 MS = 7.5 earthquake. The initial first-order triangulation was observed in two parts: the Guatemala-Honduras border arc completed in 1935 and the Motagua valley arc completed in 1953. Both angles and distances were observed in the 1978 resurvey. The angle changes between the combined 1935 to 1953 survey and the 1978 resurvey were used to calculate earthquake-related fault slip on two dislocation models of the rupture surface. Left-lateral slip of 1.3 ± 0.1 m is calculated for a model fault with constant displacement from 0 to 15 km. For a model fault divided into three successively deeper sections, the calculated left-lateral slip is 0.8 ± 0.1 m near the surface, increasing to 2.1 ± 0.5 m in the intermediate 5- to 15-km section, and is undetermined at greater depths. Both models are consistent with the 0.9 to 1.1 m of accumulated slip and afterslip observed near the network by Bucknam et al. (1978). The second model is in better agreement with the 2 m of slip derived by Kanamori and Stewart (1978) from a long-period seismic surface wave estimate of the seismic moment.
A study of Puget Sound strong ground motion
Authors: Langston Charles A.
Published: June 2021

abstract

An attempt was made to model strong motion velocities and displacements from the 1965 Puget Sound earthquake. Teleseismic P waves recorded at Tumwater, Washington, were also examined to place constraints on allowable interface contrasts and to determine whether lateral heterogeneity is a major factor affecting wave propagation. Although strong motion models qualitatively showed many of the characteristics of near-vertical wave propagation in layered structures, the amplitude behavior of individual stations was quite complex. Data from Tacoma and Seattle sites attained lower velocities and acceleration compared to Olympia. The amplitude behavior is consistent with higher attenuation under Tacoma and Seattle although this is not strictly required. The short-period P data recorded at Tumwater show evidence of large velocity contrast interfaces under the station consistent with those assumed in the crustal models. The teleseismic data also indicated that dipping structure or other lateral heterogeneity is important for Olympia structure. Irrespective of these wave propagation problems, the largest single factor which has affected the level of strong ground motions in Puget Sound is the large source depth of past earthquakes. Thus, estimates of seismic hazard based on a direct interpretation of the strong motion data of the 1965 and 1949 events will be erroneously biased toward less hazard if there is potential for shallow faulting in the Puget depression.
Some seismological features from an analysis of the recent seismic activity in the Messina Strait
Authors: Bottari A. , Federico B. , Neri G.
Published: June 2021

abstract

An analysis of the recent seismic activity at the Strait of Messina during the last 30 yr, made on the basis of collected observation data, is reported. For about 2 yr this activity has been better observed since a short-period seismic network [Messina Strait Network (MSN)] has been installed on both sides of the strait.

The use of a compatible crustal model and of the HYPOSTRE program, elaborated to determine the hypocentral parameters of local events, gives results which can be correlated with the structural characteristics of the graben of the strait. Besides, some elements arising from a previous seismological analysis, made in the same area before the MSN had been activated, are confirmed. In particular, the existence of a microearthquake source, having its epicenter situated a little south of Messina, is here reproposed.

Furthermore, the increase in the number of stations on both sides of the reveals that the absorption of the seismic energy propagating parallel to the graben structures is different from that observed when the energy travels orthogonally to them. This fact, together with the results obtained using HYPOSTRE for calculating the focal depth of some local events, suggest the existence of an “energy trap” affecting the more superficial crustal layers. This is correlated with the existence of the dynamic discontinuity of the strait.
On the correlation of the components of strong ground motion—Part 2
Authors: Hadjian A. H.
Published: June 2021

abstract

The correlation coefficient of the two horizontal components of strong ground motion is studied as an aid in specifying characteristics of synthetically generated motions to be used simultaneously in the dynamic response of structures. The recorded available data is “extended” by recognizing certain properties of the components of ground motion such that the statistical data used includes all possibilities of the orientation of recording accelerographs. The probability density function of the correlation coefficients is derived numerically, which could be used for further studies of the characteristics of ground motion. From this distribution, an approximate yet simple description of the correlation coefficient of the components of ground motion is derived for use in seismic design codes: it is shown that the value of the correlation coefficient of the components of ground motion can be approximated by a rectangular distribution ranging from −0.32 to 0.32. For all practical purposes the correlation coefficient varies from −0.5 to +0.5.
Short-range distance measurements along the San Andreas fault system in central California, 1975 to 1979
Authors: Lisowski M. , Prescott W. H.
Published: June 2021

abstract

Periodic measurements of fault-crossing networks with a side length of 1 to 3 km are being made to monitor deformation across fault zones in California. The distance measurements are made with a Hewlett-Packard 3800 or 3808 electronic distance meter and have a maximum standard deviation of 5 mm. Deformation measured within networks that span the San Juan Bautista-Cholame segment of the San Andreas fault in central California yields slip rates similar to those measured across a 100- to 300-m-wide zone by repeated alinement array surveys. Fault slip rates increase from near 0 to 32 mm/yr between San Juan Bautista and Bitterwater Valley in step-like increments. From Bitterwater to Slack Canyon slip rates vary between 26 and 32 mm/yr. Slip rates decrease southwestward of Slack Canyon to 3 mm/yr at Cholame. In contrast, Geodolite measurements of deformation across a 20-km-wide zone are consistent from San Juan Bautista to Slack Canyon and imply a 32 ± 2 mm/yr slip rate. Deformation across the Calaveras fault accounts for the difference between Geodolite and near-fault slip rates between San Juan Bautista and Bear Valley, although the zone of deformation is wider than 2.5 km just south of Hollister. At Bear Valley, measurements of a short-range network crossing the Paicines fault imply a slip rate of 10 ± 3 mm/yr during the period 1976 to 1979. From Slack Canyon to Cholame, Geodolite measurements show a constant decrease in the rate of shallow slip.
SEGMENTATION OF MAJOR VESSEL IN X-RAY ANGIOGRAPHIC IMAGES WITH IMAGE PROCESSING TECHNIQUE
Authors: ÜNCÜ Yiğit Ali
Published: June 2021

Recently, image processing techniques, particularly hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular risk in a wide variety of vascular disorders such as disease, target images abnormalities problems, early detection is very important that the time factor to explore and is used in various medical fields for image improvement in the medical treatment. There are many methods to detect vascular from x-ray angiographic images. The proposed method, where image quality and accuracy are the key factors of research, depends on the process of image quality assessment and enhancement, as the enhancement phase where image processing methods are used with frangi filter. The segmentation principles, and improved region of the object of interest is obtained, which is used as the basis for feature extraction. Normality comparison is made based on general features. The coronary angiographic images are obtained in literatüre and discuss how the image manipulation can be done to achieve better results from the angiographic images through various image processing with frangi filter in this research. The proposed method includes cancer and vessel structures with frangi filter, enhancement of the image and finally segmentation of the images.
Application of Data Analytics in the Events Industry
Authors: Orlando Blair , Lin Yeqiang
Published: June 2021

This research examined the data analytics practices used within the events industry and the value of such applications. This study consisted of an interpretive case review of current companies within the events industry. The interview process explained the current practices being used to collect and analyze data. The common themes revealed data analytics are being used to evaluate, redesign, and enhance company performance, marketing strategy, decision guidelines, and economics. The study shows data collection and analysis is mostly focused on determining what consumers want and are looking for within the industry. The findings of this study support the importance of applying data analytics within industry-related companies to be financially successful and maintain market-share. Both the results from this study and the literature used indicate the significance of data analytics and the tremendous amount of opportunity buried beneath the application of data, although there is still room for growth.
Dude, Where’s My Data? The Effectiveness of Laws Governing Data Breaches in Australia
Authors: Hile Jack
Published: June 2021

The increasing prevalence of large-scale data breaches prompted Australia to strengthen the Privacy Act by enacting the Privacy Amendment (Notifiable Data Breaches) Act to regulate the behaviour of entities entrusted with personal data. However, this paper argues that these legislative instruments are ineffective when dealing with data breaches and their associated problems. In supporting this conclusion, this paper first develops a criterion for effective data breach law, and then evaluates the Australian framework against this criterion to determine its operational effectiveness. In addition, this paper analyses practical developments in the area of data-breach law to garner insights as to how the Australian framework can be made more effective. Ultimately, this paper concludes that the Australian framework is ineffective when dealing with large-scale data breaches, and recommends future legislative amendment as a means of bolstering its effectiveness.
Adolescent Conformity Assessed from the Residence: Comparative Research on Student Conformity of Two Muhammadiyah Junior High Schools
Authors: Rahayuningrum Septiana , Sari Ratna
Published: June 2021

This study aims to determine the conformity of adolescents in SMP Muhammadiyah 2 Galur and SMP Muhammadiyah Al Manar Boarding School and to analyze the differences there. This research is survey research using a quantitative approach with a comparative study method. The population in this study was 171 students, while the sample size was 120 students. The data analysis technique used the Mann Withney test to see the results of differences in adolescent conformity. The final results of this study indicated that (1) the level of conformity of the students of SMP Muhammadiyah 2 Galur was medium; (2) the conformity level of the students of SMP Muhammadiyah Al Manar Boarding School was medium and high; (3) there was no significant difference regarding the level of adolescent conformity between students of SMP Muhammadiyah 2 Galur and students of SMP Muhammadiyah Al Manar Boarding School as evidenced by the results of the Mann Withney test with the Sig. 0.129 0.05.
The Winning of the Partai Aceh in a Psychological Political Approach
Authors: Mukhrijal Mukhrijal , Rassanjani Saddam , Herizal Herizal , Afrijal Afrijal
Published: June 2021

Partai Aceh is one of the local political parties in Aceh that able to win the first political contestation they participated in in 2009, even though it was born two years before in 2007. Since then, they have continued to dominate elections at the local level. Partai Aceh was established because of the peace agreement between GAM-RI as a post-conflict political agreement. The purpose of this study was to determine the victory of the Partai Aceh in the local realm. The method used is descriptive qualitative through interview techniques. The results of the study state that the Partai Aceh's victory in the context of Acehnese local politics cannot be separated from political psychology, such as the Partai Aceh identification approach through political socialisation, political candidates, and the Partai Aceh political campaign. The Partai Aceh approached the community involving the former Free Aceh Movement in conducting campaigns. The Partai Aceh's foresight in carrying the figure of a former GAM combatant impacted the Partai Aceh's victory.
GOVERNANCE OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT OF WEST KALIMANTAN AGAINST ILLEGAL LOGGING
Authors: Siba M. Angela Merici
Published: June 2021

Illegal logging is unauthorized logging and timber theft performed by the perpetrators wanting to manage forests for their individual needs. It has a negative impact on the habitat of forests and communities in West Kalimantan. The felled trees are used for the needs of the perpetrators and exported to timber buyer countries. High timber demands have triggered the actors to perform such a crime. It occurs because some actors carry out document forgery in managing forests. This research utilized the political system theory from David Easton and discovered that the local government of West Kalimantan has made illegal logging rules. However, illegal logging remains to exist because the governance from the local government has not been maximized in issuing not binding policies and lack socialization from the government to the community regarding illegal logging.
INDONESIAN ECONOMIC DIPLOMACY IN STRENGTHENING COFFEE EXPORTS IN THE UNITED STATES MARKET 2012-2017
Authors: Hervinaldy H. Hervinaldy
Published: June 2021

Several policies related to coffee have been implemented by the Indonesian government and in collaboration with various parties; one of the steps is introducing, inviting, and participating in major events to introduce Indonesian coffee. The development of the coffee industry in Indonesia currently supports the upstream and has moved downstream (packaging, baristas, and e-commerce), which results in added value. This study aims to discuss the diplomacy strategies applied by Indonesia to strengthening coffee exports in the United States and what factors support these diplomacy strategies. From this study, it could be concluded that Indonesia’s diplomacy strategy will open more opportunities for foreign exchange-earners and introduce Indonesia’s coffee characteristics. Indonesian coffee production is expected to continue to be stable and increase, given the coffee needs of the United States community and the United States’ factor as the largest importer of Indonesian coffee. In 2013, Indonesia was ranked third as the world's largest coffee producer before being overtaken by Colombia in 2015. Brazil has been strong as the world’s coffee giant, followed by Vietnam in second place, Colombia in third place, and Indonesia in fourth, respectively. It was caused by two factors: unstable national coffee production and an increase in domestic coffee consumption.
Impact of COVID-19 infection on maternal near miss cases in tertiary care centre
Authors: Chavan Niranjan , Mahapatra Shalini , Venkateswaran Sneha , Ponkshe Jui , Nayak Arun H.
Published: June 2021

Background: The pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has exposed vulnerable populations to a health crisis. Since the beginning of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2) or COVID-19 outbreak, it has been argued whether pregnant women are at increased risk of severe infection.1 The objective of this study was to summarize the effect of COVID-19 on maternal near miss cases.Methods: This single-centre prospective observational study, included all consecutive pregnant women with COVID-19 infection admitted to Lokmanya Tilak Municipal Medical College and General Hospital (Mumbai, India), a tertiary referral hospital, from 1 April 2020, to 20 December 2020. In this study, a total of 46 patients were included in near miss cases, who required ICU admission with severe morbidity. Of these, 8 patients were COVID-19 positive and remaining 38 patients were included in control group (COVID-19 negative). The course of each of their stay in ward was noted and findings were compared in both the groups. Results: During their course in ICU it was found that 6 COVID-19 patients had maternal death representing 75% and 12 non-COVID-19 patients had maternal death representing 31.57%.  Conclusions: The mortality rate from the above results concludes that in this study mortality appeared to be higher in COVID-19 infection. Multi-centre retrospective analysis with larger population size is required in order for this to be statistically significant.
Maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality in COVID-19 positive obstetrics patients in tertiary care centre
Authors: . Medha , Chaudhary Neeta , Tyagi Smita , Goswami Kirtigiri G.
Published: June 2021

Background: COVID-19 disease had been declared as a public health crisis by WHO by the end of 2019. The effect of SARS-CoV-2 infection on pregnancy including symptoms, disease severity, risk of vertical transmission and perinatal and neonatal outcome have been the subject of research. Preliminary studies showed a fluctuating course of the disease ranging from asymptomatic or mild symptoms to even maternal death. However, recent evidences suggest that effect of COVID-19 infection during pregnancy may not lead to adverse maternal and neonatal outcome.Methods: In this cross sectional prospective observational study, we analysed 60 pregnant women infected with SARS- CoV-2 and their neonatal outcome, who tested positive for COVID-19 at district hospital, and were referred to Muzaffarnagar Medical College, were enrolled in this study.Results: The majority 96.7% (58) of these women were asymptomatic with cough being the most common symptom which was present in 3.3% (2) of the women. 24(75%) women developed pneumonitis radiologically, but they were asymptomatic, so intensive care was not required. Along with 76.08% (35) perinatal/neonatal outcomes were observed normal.Conclusions: In this study we observed that most of the women with COVID-19 were asymptomatic or with mild symptoms. Even though they were asymptomatic, most of the patients showed pneumonitis changes radiologically but still they didn’t require any intensive care, had good recovery postpartum and were discharged under satisfactory condition. The neonatal outcome was highly favourable.
A prospective study of clinical and histopathological correlation of specimens of hysterectomies
Authors: Rastogi Radha , Tailor Bharat , Patidar Vandana
Published: June 2021

Background: Uterus, a vital reproductive organ is subjected to many benign and malignant diseases. Although many medical and conservative surgical treatment options are available, hysterectomy still remains the most commonly performed major gynaecological operative procedure worldwide. Mostly it is the definitive treatment for many of its indications including abnormal uterine bleeding, like in case of fibroids, adenomyosis, utero-vaginal prolapse, endometriosis and pelvic inflammatory disease. Aims and objectives were to know the indications for hysterectomy and its various complications and to analyse correlation between the clinical indication with their histopathological findings.Methods: This hospital based study was conducted at RNT Medical College, Udaipur. A total of 200 case were included undergoing hysterectomy (any route) for gynecological disease. Surgical specimens were sent for histopathology and reports were analysed and compared with the indications of surgery.Results: In this study preoperative indication of hysterectomy was leiomyoma (34.50%) followed by utero vaginal prolapse (39.0%) and adenomyosis (12.5%) etc. Common finding of HPR report of specimens of uterus and adnexa are as follows: endometrium- proliferative phase (44.50%), myometrium- leiomyoma (33%), cervix- mild squamous hyperplasia (45%), ovaries- physiological ovarian cyst (25.50%). Pre-operative diagnosis of all cases of study were confirmed on histopathology. There was no major intraoperative complication in study group like bladder, rectum, ureter, visceral organ injuries etc. There was no life-threatening postoperative complication and all patients were discharged in good general condition.Conclusions: In most cases diagnosis by HPR was similar with our preoperative diagnosis but in few cases HPR diagnosis may differ from preoperative diagnosis. Major complications were negligible, hence now-a-days hysterectomy is considered quite a safe procedure.
Comparative study of 24-hour urinary protein and spot urine protein creatinine ratio in pre-eclamptic women
Authors: B. M. Rupakala , Hiremath Akshata S.
Published: June 2021

Background: The aim of the study was to evaluate the ability of the random urine P/C ratio to predict significant proteinuria, as well as to introduce a diagnostic test for pre-eclampsia which will avoid the inconvenience and time consumption of 24-hour urine protein collection. The objective of this study was to compare spot urine protein- creatinine ratio with 24-hour urine protein for estimation of proteinuria in pre-eclampsia.Methods: A total of 50 pregnant women with pre-eclampsia were prospectively studied for proteinuria in Rajarajeswari medical college and Hospital Bangalore for a period of 9 months from September 2018 to May 2019. Spot urine specimens for measuring P/C ratio were obtained immediately before 24-hour urine collection. The correlation between the spot urine P/C ratio and urinary protein excretion in the 24-hour collections was examined using the Spearman correlation test.Results: PCR at a cut off value 0.15 g/mmol had sensitivity and specificity of 96.6% and 55% respectively. In prediction of proteinuria of 300 mg/24 hr positive predictive value and negative predictive value 76.3% and 91.6% respectively.Conclusions: We found that there was a strong correlation between 24-hour urine protein excretion and spot urine protein creatinine ratio in pre-eclamptic women. Spot PCR can be used as a reasonable alternative to 24-hour urine protein test which is a cumbersome.
Efficacy and toxicity of 8 day methotrexate/folinic acid regimen in the management of low risk gestational trophoblastic neoplasia: a prospective observational study
Authors: Subbaiah Murali , Radhakrishnan Sujithradevi , Dorairajan Jayalakshmi
Published: June 2021

Background: Gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN) is a rare malignancy that arises from abnormal proliferation of trophoblastic cells. Low risk GTN responds well to single agent chemotherapy with good survival rate. Objective of the study was to assess the efficacy and toxicity of methotrexate chemotherapy in low risk GTN patients receiving 8-day methotrexate (MTX)/folinic acid (FA) regimen. A prospective observational study done in a tertiary care hospital in South India.Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital in south India between July 2015 and July 2018 and included 56 patients with low risk GTN treated with 8-day MTX/FA regimen.Results: Among the 56 patients treated, complete remission was achieved in 50 (89.3%). Molar pregnancy was the most common preceding pregnancy event (96.7%) and 63.3% of them developed GTN within 4 months of evacuation. Six non responders were treated with EMACO regimen and achieved complete remission. The most common toxicities were mucositis (46.4%) and neutropenia (17.8%). Overall survival of low risk GTN was 100% at the end of median follow up period of 14.4 months.Conclusions: For patients with low risk GTN, 8-day MTX/FA regimen is associated with a high rate of remission and low toxicity.
A study of different contraceptive methods: need of the hour during COVID 19 pandemic
Authors: Patokar Monika S. , Shirsath Arti S. , Shinde Shwetambari R. , Darawade Sameer P.
Published: June 2021

Background: COVID-19 disease is the pandemic caused by a single-stranded RNA virus that belongs to the coronavirus family known as 2019-nCoV (SARS-Co V). The disease is highly contagious and transmitted mainly by droplets or close contact. In this time of pandemic it is need of the hour to prevent more and more unwanted pregnancies. This study was to evaluate the contraceptive methods of choice which are easily available, cost effective and suitable to most of the patients during this terrible period of pandemic.Methods: This was a prospective observational study done from April 2020 to December 2020. Women coming to the OPD for contraceptive advice after medical termination of pregnancy and patients desiring postpartum contraception were included in the study. All data were collected from the OPD and IPD of our hospital. Different contraceptive methods available, their costs, hospital visits, complications, failure rate and reason for its discontinuation was analysed.Results: In this study 76.5% patients (n-459) accepted Inj. DMPA as compared to 10 % used Cu T and 13% used OC pills as a method of contraception. Inj DMPA is easily available, cost effective, has lesser side effects and need less hospital visits.Conclusions: DMPA should be made available as a first line method to all those who wishes to opt for reversible method of contraception. This study concludes, during the period of pandemic Inj DMPA was most preferred method of contraception.
A prospective interventional study to compare the efficacy of syringe suction drainage system for prevention of subcutaneous seroma formation as compared to abdominal closure without a drain
Authors: Vazifdar Sharmeen , Gavali Urmila G.
Published: June 2021

Background: Seroma is a sterile collection of serous fluid in the subcutaneous tissue. The incidence ranges from 15-81%.Prophylactic drainage of wounds is aimed to reduce the wound complications and thereby the associated morbidity. Obese patients are at higher risk.There is documented beneficial effect of subcutaneous drains in obese gravida patients undergoing caesarean delivery.The most common complications of cesarean section (CS) are superficial surgical site complications including sepsis, seroma formation and breakdown.The likelihood of seroma formation without drains is 7.5 times more.Hence this study was conducted to assess the efficacy of syringe suction drainage system in prevention of seroma formation in patients undergoing CS.Methods: The study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology at the Dr. Vithalrao Vikhe Patil Foundation’s Medical College and Hospital over a period of twelve months from December 2019 to December 2020. A comparative study was conducted on 100 patients who had undergone lower segment caesarean section and had a subcutaneous layer of more than 1.5 cm. We used a drainage system made of a nasogastric tube no 10 attached to a 10 cc disposable syringe creating negative pressure for 50 of those patients.Results: Out of 50 patients in whom the drain was not used 7 developed discharge from wound and 2 patients developed wound gape while only 2 patients developed discharge from wound among those who had the drain placed.Conclusion: The syringe suction drain system is an efficient and cost effective method for prevention of subcutaneous seroma in patients undergoing CS.
Comparison of efficacy of injection ferric carboxymaltose and iron sucrose in moderate anaemia in pregnancy
Authors: Ram Kishna , Arya Kavita , Hooja Nupur , Singh Neha , Jaiswal Aditi
Published: June 2021

Background: Prevalence of anaemia in pregnant women is 14% in developed and 58-89.6% in pregnant Indian women. Parenteral iron is seems to be an option in the treatment of moderate iron deficiency anaemia which allow high doses of iron to be administered rapidly, in those who are intolerant to oral iron, have  poor compliance to oral iron or gastrointestinal disorder. The objective was to compare the efficacy of newer drug, inravenous ferric carboxymaltose (FCM) with intravenous iron sucrose.Methods: Group A were given injection FCM and group B were given injection iron sucrose. FCM was given in one or two sittings depending on iron requirement and iron sucrose was given in divided doses. Haemogram was done at baseline and on day 3 and 21 and at 12 weeks. All the observations were tabulated and analysed.Results: The mean rise in haemoglobin values from baseline in the FCM group was 0.20±0.06 at 3rd day, 2.03±0.47 at 3 weeks, 3.86±0.53 at 12 weeks compared to iron sucrose group, which was 0.11±0.08 at 3rd day, 1.51±0.39 at 3 weeks, and 3.22±0.54 at 12 weeks, which was statistically significant and showed that the haemoglobin levels were increased more in FCM group. Target haemoglobin was achieved in 92% women in FCM group and 78% women in iron sucrose group.Conclusions: Women in the FCM group achieved significantly higher haemoglobin level than in iron sucrose group. It was given in fewer sittings, hence was more convenient with better efficacy.
Effectiveness of structured teaching programme regarding polycystic ovarian syndrome among adolescent girls
Authors: John Soniya
Published: June 2021

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome is an endocrine disorder that affects approximately 5% of all women. It occurs amongst all races and nationalities. It is the most common hormonal disorder among women of reproductive age and is a leading cause of infertility. As polycystic ovarian syndrome is an ovarian disorder marked by a lack of estrogen, hyperandrogenaemia, obesity, hyper insulinaemia and starts early in the adolescent period. So, we should teach them regarding the clinical features treatment and prevention.Methods: A quasi experimental one group pre-test post design was adopted to assess the effectiveness of structured teaching programme on knowledge regarding polycystic ovarian syndrome among adolescent girls, Bangalore. A sample of 60 adolescent girls was selected from NRI higher secondary school, Bangalore by purposive sampling technique. Collected data was analysed by using descriptive and inferential statistics.Results: More than half 54 (90.0%) were having inadequate knowledge and 6 (10%) were having moderate knowledge regarding PCOS before STP.Conclusions: Structured teaching programme was significantly effective in increasing the knowledge of polycystic ovarian syndrome. The most important role of the nurse is to provide awareness on prevention and health promotion.
Amniotic band syndrome: a new case report
Authors: Mbodji Aissatou , Wade Mouhamadou , Gueye Mamour , Ndiaye Mame D. , Dia Aliou D. , Sene Mouhamed , Sow Pahté , Gueye Aminata T. , Mbaye Magatte
Published: June 2021

Amniotic band syndrome is a pathology affecting the extremities of the fetus. It is uncommon with rates around 1 per 10,000 births. The pathophysiology is poorly understood until now with several theories reported in the literature. The diagnosis is most often made at birth. We reported a case of a 40 year old patient with no particular history who had consulted for spontaneous premature rupture of membranes in a 20 weeks pregnancy. The diagnostic of amniotic band syndrome was made after the delivery with amputation of a limb, amniotic syndactilia and deformation of the right foot in equinovarus.
Bombay phenotype Oh blood group: two case reports. Acute puerperal uterine inversion and term pregnancy in labour
Authors: Devabhaktuni Pratibha , Ponnuru Malati , Kalattoor Vijaya Reddy , Palakodeti Nirupama
Published: June 2021

Mrs. A, 30 years, para 3 with three live children was an unbooked emergency admission on 6 April 2007 with history of severe postpartum haemorrhage (PPH). She was in a state of shock with hypotension, tachycardia, pallor due to anaemia. Examination revealed the uterine inversion, uterus visible as a fleshy red mass protruded outside the vaginal introitus. Puerperal uterine inversion was reduced by vaginal manual reposition under observation through a mini laparotomy incision. She was transfused 4 units of O positive blood. On the second postoperative day she had signs and symptoms of a haemolytic transfusion reaction (HTR). She developed jaundice, haematuria and worsening anaemia. She was later detected to be Bombay Oh phenotype. Total 6 units of Bombay phenotype blood was transfused in a couple of days. Case 2: Mrs. R, 22 years primigravida, term gestation was admitted in labour in government maternity hospital/Osmania medical college, Hyderabad on 26 July 2007. A resident from Mahaboob Nagar district of Andhra Pradesh, unbooked emergency admission in labour, had severe anaemia with 4 gms Hb%. Her blood group was diagnosed as Bombay phenotype. She was given a vaginal delivery and transfused with compatible Oh Bombay blood obtained from Red Cross, Warangal, Andhra Pradesh.
One step conservative surgery: an approach to manage placenta accreta spectrum
Authors: Dahiya Soniya , Dahiya Pushpa , Jain Shweta , . Sunita
Published: June 2021

The incidence of placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) has been arisen over past few decade, attributed to increasing caesarean section rate from 1:2500 to 1:500. Caesarean hysterectomy cases are increasing to prevent morbidity and mortality in PAS. The conservative approach for PAS is to prevent postpartum hemorrhage and to preserve the uterus. We present a case of placenta accreta spectrum where we had done one step conservative surgery. A 35year old woman G3P2A0 with 32 weeks of twin pregnancy with previous caesarean section with complaints of premature rupture of membrane was admitted in emergency labour room. Patient went into preterm labour on third day of admission and delivered two live preterm babies. Placenta could not be removed after delivery. Manual removal of placenta was tried but placenta could not be removed completely and bleeding was excessive after the procedure. Medical management of postpartum hemorrhage was done. On local examination there was no cervico-vaginal tear and laceration, upper segment of uterus appeared to be well contracted, lower segment ballooned up and bleeding was still excessive. Decision of emergency laparotomy was taken. Patient underwent emergency laparotomy for postpartum hemorrhage followed by segmental resection of invaded area, bleeding stop. Post operative period is uneventful.In young and low parity patient, one step conservative surgery can be considered a uterine preserving approach in the absence of placenta praevia.
Study of the risk factors for post-operative hypocalcemia after thyroid surgery
Authors: M. Valarmathi , M. Bhuvaneswari
Published: June 2021

Background: Hypocalcemia is still a common post-operative consequence following total thyroidectomy, generating potentially serious symptoms and concern in patients and lengthening hospital stays. This study was conducted to evaluate the risk factors for post-operative hypocalcemia after thyroid surgery.Methods: In this study, 60 patients who underwent thyroidectomy were included. Patients with concomitant lymph node dissection and hypocalcemia were excluded from the study. Serial serum calcium measures were taken and information about the operation, such as the patient's age and gender, whether the inferior thyroid artery was ligated or not, and the pathological report.Results: In 60 patients, 17 patients were had post-operative hypocalcemia. 3 in 5 patients (60%) with Hashimoto thyroiditis had hypocalcemia, followed by toxic multinodular goiter (MNG) (37.5%), thyroid adenomas (33.33%) and Graves’ disease (33.33%) had hypocalcemia after thyroidectomy.Conclusions: To conclude, hypocalcemia is a common side effect of total thyroid surgery, and it is caused by the unintentional removal of parathyroid glands or injury or spasm of the blood arteries that supply them.
Assessment of functional recovery after cranioplasty
Authors: Madhavan Girish K. , Issac Philip , Kunjan Balakrishnan P. , Jose Tom , John Ajax
Published: June 2021

Background: Cranioplasty is done after decompressive craniectomy surgeries either for cosmetic reasons or to afford protection against the development of the syndrome of the trephined which is deterioration after cranial decompression procedures. The aim of the study was to study functional recovery after cranioplasty based on improvement of Barthel activities of daily living (ADL) score.Methods: This was a prospective study done over 6 months period, December 2020 to May 2021. The functional recovery following cranioplasty was assessed based on improvement in Barthel ADL score. Pre-operative and post-operative Barthel ADL score after 3 months after cranioplasty of patients are found out. The change in Barthel score is analyzed and significance found out using paired t test.Results: In this study, 62 patients were included. 42 patients had improvement of ADL score. 14 patients had no change and 6 patients had worsening of score. After cranioplasty, ADL score has improved and it was statistically significant (p<0.001). Also, patients with low level of dependency (level 1, 2 and 3) have decreased in number and patients with higher levels of dependency (level 4 and 5) have increased in number after the surgery, suggesting that there is shift of patients from lower level of dependency to higher levels.Conclusions: Cranioplasty seems to offer patients clear benefits in terms of neurological improvement in many cognitive domains as well as in quality of life. Hence, cranioplasty advocated for functional/neurological recovery rather than cosmetic reasons.
Synchronous breast carcinoma (with Paget’s disease) and renal cell carcinoma with tubercular axillary lymphadenitis: a rare presentation
Authors: Ranganath Sonika , Kasliwal Navin Rajendra , Shah Aruna Karad , Maydeo Rohan Amit
Published: June 2021

Synchronous malignancy are defined as two primary malignancy of two different organs occurring concurrently or within 6 months duration. Reports of synchronous breast carcinoma with RCC (renal cell carcinoma) are very limited. We presented here the first case of non-metastatic synchronous RCC with breast carcinoma and Paget’s disease associated with tubercular axillary lymphadenitis in a 62 year old female for which she underwent right MRM and right partial nephrectomy. She received chemotherapy and anti-tubercular therapy post-surgery and currently on oral hormonal therapy. Follow up scans showed stable disease. There have been cases of breast cancer with TB lymphadenitis as well as of double synchronous malignancies involving breast carcinoma and RCC. Most of the multiple malignancies reported in literature are metastatic tumours or metachronous breast malignancy with RCC. A case of synchronous primary ca breast with pages disease coexisting with primary RCC along with tubercular lymphadenopathy is yet to be reported in literature. This might just be the first one.
A rare case scenario: spontaneous diaphragmatic rupture during labor
Authors: Agrawal Shambhu Nath , Verma Amit , Kedia Sunil , Padegaonkar Amol , Mahobia Hari Shankar
Published: June 2021

Diaphragmatic rupture during labor is not a very common presentation and usually occurs in patients with prior history of traumatic chest or abdominal injury or any congenital abnormality. We presented a case of a 29 year old woman who presented with sudden breathing difficulty two days after a full-term delivery by caesarean section. e-FAST scan suggested the presence of a massive pleural effusion over right side. CT scan of chest revealed large rent in right diaphragm with superior migration of liver and hepatic flexure. Patient was taken for emergent surgical intervention, inter coastal drainage (ICD) tube was placed and surgical repair was performed, patient was further treated in critical care unit, the patient recovered well and was discharged. Though diaphragmatic hernia rupture during labor are not reported often it is life threatening complication that requires immediate surgical intervention to prevent major complications and mortality.
Advances in surgical treatment of ovarian cancer liver metastasis
Authors: Zhiqiong Zhang , Xinglang Wu , Jianping Gong
Published: June 2021

Ovarian cancer (OC) is one of the most common gynecological malignancies with characteristics of insidious onset and liver is the most common solid metastatic organ. Surgical treatment for newly diagnosed advanced or recurrent ovarian cancer liver metastasis has become a research hotspot as good outcome of patients with liver metastasis from colorectal cancer or neuroendocrine tumor by surgical treatment. It was previously considered that such patients were advanced and unfavourable for surgical treatment. However, in recent years, with the advances in liver surgical techniques, the application of three-dimensional visualization and the rise of multidisciplinary diagnosis and treatment mode, the safety of surgery has been guaranteed and the prognosis has been improved. This article reviewed the advances in surgical treatment of ovarian cancer liver metastasis.
Potential role of systemic enzyme therapy with trypsin, bromelain and rutoside combination in burns
Authors: Abhyankar Suhas Vidyadhar , Vartak Arvind Madhusudan , Daftary Gautam Vinod
Published: June 2021

Burns is a global public health problem, with a higher prevalence rate in the Southeast Asia region, including India. The therapeutic interventions mainly target the control of complications following burn injury and assisting in physiological recovery. However, the excessive inflammatory changes and loss of immunological integrity, seen in burns patients, interfere with the healing process. An orally applied formulation composed of hydrolytic enzymes (bromelain, trypsin) and the flavonoid rutoside has a long history of use as natural anti-inflammatory agents. This combination has been found to exert anti-inflammatory, anti-thrombotic and antioxidant effects through myriad mechanisms that include favorable modulation of inflammatory mediators, enhancement of plasmin levels, reduced leukocyte migration to injury site and suppression of the formation of reactive oxygen species. These actions have been demonstrated in multiple in vitro and animal models. Further, the beneficial effects of the combination on inflammatory markers have been reported from multiple clinical studies. This review provides a discussion of the current understanding of cellular mechanisms and pathways involved in burn injury and the evidence highlighting the beneficial role of systemic enzyme therapy with trypsin-bromelain-rutoside combination in the management of burn injury patients.
Colocación con funciones de base radial para la solución de modelos matemáticos en fenoménos de transporte
Authors: Flórez-Escobar Whady Felipe
Published: June 2021

En este trabajo se presentan los principales métodos con funciones de base radial, para la solución de modelos matemáticos en  fenómenos de transporte, basados en ecuaciones diferenciales parciales. Como casos de aplicación, se presentan algunos ejemplos de la solución de problemas acoplados de dinámica de fluidos, para ilustrar la potencia, generalidad y simplicidad de estas técnicas.