bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Electrification of Agricultural Machinery: One Design Case of a 4 kW Air Compressor
Authors: Chen Hsin-Chang , Rohman Yulian Fatkur , Ashlah Muhammmad Bilhaq , Lin Hao-Ting , Sean Wu-Yang
Published: July 2024

In response to the global pursuit of net-zero carbon emissions, the electrification of agricultural machinery is becoming a significant research and development trend. This study introduces the overall design of a 4 kW air compressor aimed at achieving a green vision for agricultural machinery. The design focuses on providing continuous and stable power and air output using a lithium-ion battery. Durability and cost-effectiveness are prioritized, with a particular emphasis on the Arduino system for integrating battery and motor systems to withstand harsh conditions and ensure ease of maintenance. A permanent magnet brushless motor was selected as the power source, paired with an optimized pulley to supply the proper torque to the air compressor. The system employs an Arduino-based feedback control sensor for air pressure regulation, ensuring energy efficiency. The primary energy source is a 48 V lithium iron phosphate battery, known for its high energy density and safety. The battery design focuses on system integration, addressing specific environmental discharge requirements. The embedded battery management system provides thermal and lifecycle parameter estimation, guaranteeing long-duration power supply and safe operation under various conditions. Unlike traditional fuel-driven systems, lithium iron phosphate batteries do not emit harmful gases, aligning with environmental standards. System integration testing demonstrated that the air pressure feedback control effectively meets the energy-saving requirements by digitally reducing power output as air accumulates in the chamber. Bench testing confirmed that the system performs as designed, achieving the desired results and advancing the goal of sustainable agricultural machinery.
A Study on the Efficient Degradation of Sulfur Hexafluoride by Pulsed Dielectric Barrier Discharge Synergistic Active Gas
Authors: Zhang Ying , Wang Mingwei , Li Yalong , Yu Lei , Yang Zhaodi , Wan Kun
Published: July 2024

SF6 is a strong greenhouse effect gas, which is widely used in high-voltage electrical equipment such as circuit breakers and high-voltage switchgear because of its excellent insulation performance and arc extinguishing ability. In recent years, the use and emission of SF6 have been rising, and with the proposal of the dual carbon strategic goal, its harmless degradation has become an urgent problem to be solved. In this paper, SF6 was degraded by pulsed DBD plasma technology and O2. Studies have shown that the addition of O2 can effectively promote the degradation of SF6. With the increase in the added O2 content, the DRE and EY of SF6 first increased and then decreased. Under the conditions of the input power of 50 W, SF6 concentration of 2%, and gas flow rate of 50 mL/min, the reaction system obtained the highest DRE and EY of 58.40% and 5.24 g/kWh when the O2 content was 1%, respectively. In the SF6/Ar/O2/H2O system, the addition of H2O could improve the product selectivity of SO2F2, and when the O2 concentration was 1%, the highest selectivity of SO2F2 was 48.96%, and the concentration was 8006.76 ppm. The addition of O2 inhibited the production of SO2, and with the addition of the O2 system, SO2F2 and SOF4 were the main components of degradation products; however, there were also SOF2, SO2, SiF4, SF4, etc. In this paper, the decomposition path of O2 under SF6 was analyzed in detail according to infrared spectroscopy and decomposition products.
Trade-Off Analysis of Drive Dynamics Considering Speed and Current Loops
Authors: Arahal Manuel R. , Satué Manuel G. , Colodro Francisco , Martínez-Heredia Juana M.
Published: July 2024

Electric drive control is an important area of research due to its ubiquity. In particular, multi-phase induction machines are an important field due to their inherent robustness. Tuning of the inner loop (speed) and outer loop (current) is typically tackled separately. The problem of trade-off analysis for the tuning of both loops has never been tackled before, which motivates the present study. This paper examines the complex and non-linear relationships between commonly used performance indicators in variable speed applications. The paper shows that there are links between performance indicators for both loops. This prompts a more detailed study of concurrent tuning. Also, it is shown that said links are, in a variable speed drive, dependent on the operating point. This requires studying more than just one operating point. Experimental results for a five-phase induction motor are used to validate the analysis.
A Comparative Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Concern (VOC) Spike Proteins Interacting with hACE2 Enzyme
Authors: Chen Jiawei , Chen Lingtao , Quan Heng , Lee Soongoo , Khan Kaniz Fatama , Xie Ying , Li Qiaomu , Valero Maria , Dai Zhiyu , Xie Yixin
Published: July 2024

In late 2019, the emergence of a novel coronavirus led to its identification as SARS-CoV-2, precipitating the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Many experimental and computational studies were performed on SARS-CoV-2 to understand its behavior and patterns. In this research, Molecular Dynamic (MD) simulation is utilized to compare the behaviors of SARS-CoV-2 and its Variants of Concern (VOC)-Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, and Omicron-with the hACE2 protein. Protein structures from the Protein Data Bank (PDB) were aligned and trimmed for consistency using Chimera, focusing on the receptor-binding domain (RBD) responsible for ACE2 interaction. MD simulations were performed using Visual Molecular Dynamics (VMD) and Nanoscale Molecular Dynamics (NAMD2), and salt bridges and hydrogen bond data were extracted from the results of these simulations. The data extracted from the last 5 ns of the 10 ns simulations were visualized, providing insights into the comparative stability of each variant’s interaction with ACE2. Moreover, electrostatics and hydrophobic protein surfaces were calculated, visualized, and analyzed. Our comprehensive computational results are helpful for drug discovery and future vaccine designs as they provide information regarding the vital amino acids in protein-protein interactions (PPIs). Our analysis reveals that the Original and Omicron variants are the two most structurally similar proteins. The Gamma variant forms the strongest interaction with hACE2 through hydrogen bonds, while Alpha and Delta form the most stable salt bridges; the Omicron is dominated by positive potential in the binding site, which makes it easy to attract the hACE2 receptor; meanwhile, the Original, Beta, Delta, and Omicron variants show varying levels of interaction stability through both hydrogen bonds and salt bridges, indicating that targeted therapeutic agents can disrupt these critical interactions to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Biofunctional Textiles: Antioxidant and Antibacterial Finishings of Cotton with Propolis and Honey
Authors: Freitas Ana Sofia , Oliveira Rui , Ribeiro Alice , Almeida-Aguiar Cristina
Published: July 2024

The growing activity in the textile industry has been demanding the search for new and innovative technologies to meet consumers’ needs regarding more sustainable and ecological processes, with functionality receiving more attention. Bee products are known for their wide spectra of properties, including antioxidant and antibacterial activities. Propolis and honey are the most popular and used since ancient times for the most diverse applications due to their health benefits. With the increasing need for safer and more sustainable practices, the use of natural products for the functional finishing process can be a suitable alternative due to their safety and eco-friendly nature. For that, a biosolution, composed of a mixture of propolis and honey in water, was used to perform the functional finishing of cotton knits, both in the presence and in the absence of potassium alum as a chemical mordant. The fastness strength was also evaluated after three washing cycles. The antioxidant potential of the biosolution, assessed with the in vitro ABTS scavenging assay, provided textiles with the capacity to reduce more than 90% of the ABTS radical, regardless of the mordant presence and even after three washing cycles. Furthermore, biofunctional textiles decreased the growth of Bacillus subtilis, Propionibacterium acnes, Escherichia coli, and, particularly, Staphylococcus aureus cultures after 24 h of incubation with an increase in antibacterial activity when potassium alum was used. These findings show that bee products are promising and effective alternatives to be used in the textile industry to confer antioxidant and antibacterial properties to cotton textiles, thereby enhancing human health.
Association of SDF-1-3′ Gene A Variant with Diabetic Retinopathy in the Hungarian Population
Authors: Ecsedy Monika , Kovacs Illes , Szigeti Andrea , Horvath Hajnalka , Lenart Lilla , Recsan Zsuzsanna , Medveczki Timea , Nagy Zoltan Zsolt , Fekete Andrea
Published: July 2024

We investigated the association between the SDF-1-3′ (c801G > A) variant and the development of diabetic macular edema (DME) or proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) in a Hungarian cohort. SDF-1-3′ (c801G > A) was genotyped in 103 patients with diabetic retinopathy and 31 age- and sex-matched non-diabetic controls. Central retinal and choroidal thickness was measured by swept-source optical coherence tomography. The distribution of heterozygous and homozygous SDF-1-3′ (c801G > A) genotypes was similar in diabetic and control subjects. The SDF-3′(c801AA) genotype was associated with DME (n = 94 eyes, allele distribution p = 0.006, genotype distribution p = 0.01 OR: 2.48, 95% CL: 1.21–5.08) in both univariable and multivariable modelling, independent of duration and type of diabetes, HbA1C, hypertension and microalbuminuria (p = 0.03). DME occurred earlier in patients carrying the SDF-1 (c801A) allele (Kaplan–Meier analysis, log-rank test p = 0.02). A marginally significant association was found between the presence of the SDF-1 (c801A) allele and the development of PDR (n = 89 eyes, p = 0.06). The SDF-1-3′ (c801A) allele also showed a correlation with central retinal (p = 0.006) and choroidal (p = 0.08) thickness. SDF-1-3′ (c801G > A) is involved in the development of macular complications in DM independent of critical clinical factors, suggesting that SDF-1 may be a future therapeutic target for high-risk patients, especially those carrying the SDF-1 (c801A) allele.
Histochemistry for Molecular Imaging in Nanomedicine
Authors: Malatesta Manuela
Published: July 2024

All the nanotechnological devices designed for medical purposes have to deal with the common requirement of facing the complexity of a living organism. Therefore, the development of these nanoconstructs must involve the study of their structural and functional interactions and the effects on cells, tissues, and organs, to ensure both effectiveness and safety. To this aim, imaging techniques proved to be extremely valuable not only to visualize the nanoparticles in the biological environment but also to detect the morphological and molecular modifications they have induced. In particular, histochemistry is a long-established science able to provide molecular information on cell and tissue components in situ, bringing together the potential of biomolecular analysis and imaging. The present review article aims at offering an overview of the various histochemical techniques used to explore the impact of novel nanoproducts as therapeutic, reconstructive and diagnostic tools on biological systems. It is evident that histochemistry has been playing a leading role in nanomedical research, being largely applied to single cells, tissue slices and even living animals.
Molecular Morbidity Score–Can MicroRNAs Assess the Burden of Disease?
Authors: Butler Thomas , Davey Matthew G. , Kerin Michael J.
Published: July 2024

Multimorbidity refers to the presence of two or more chronic diseases and is associated with adverse outcomes for patients. Factors such as an ageing population have contributed to a rise in prevalence of multimorbidity globally; however, multimorbidity is often neglected in clinical guidelines. This is largely because patients with multimorbidity are systematically excluded from clinical trials. Accordingly, there is an urgent need to develop novel biomarkers and methods of prognostication for this cohort of patients. The hallmarks of ageing are now thought to potentiate the pathogenesis of multimorbidity. MicroRNAs are small, regulatory, noncoding RNAs which have been implicated in the pathogenesis and prognostication of numerous chronic diseases; there is a substantial body of evidence now implicating microRNA dysregulation with the different hallmarks of ageing in the aetiology of chronic diseases. This article proposes using the hallmarks of ageing as a framework to develop a panel of microRNAs to assess the prognostic burden of multimorbidity. This putative molecular morbidity score would have many potential applications, including assessing the efficacy of clinical interventions, informing clinical decision making and facilitating wider inclusion of patients with multimorbidity in clinical trials.
Stable Nitroxide as Diagnostic Tools for Monitoring of Oxidative Stress and Hypoalbuminemia in the Context of COVID-19
Authors: Georgieva Ekaterina , Ananiev Julian , Yovchev Yovcho , Arabadzhiev Georgi , Abrashev Hristo , Zaharieva Vyara , Atanasov Vasil , Kostandieva Rositsa , Mitev Mitko , Petkova-Parlapanska Kamelia , Karamalakova Yanka , Tsoneva Vanya , Nikolova Galina
Published: July 2024

Oxidative stress is a major source of ROS-mediated damage to macromolecules, tissues, and the whole body. It is an important marker in the severe picture of pathological conditions. The discovery of free radicals in biological systems gives a “start” to studying various pathological processes related to the development and progression of many diseases. From this moment on, the enrichment of knowledge about the participation of free radicals and free-radical processes in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, and endocrine diseases, inflammatory conditions, and infections, including COVID-19, is increasing exponentially. Excessive inflammatory responses and abnormal reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels may disrupt mitochondrial dynamics, increasing the risk of cell damage. In addition, low serum albumin levels and changes in the normal physiological balance between reduced and oxidized albumin can be a serious prerequisite for impaired antioxidant capacity of the body, worsening the condition in patients. This review presents the interrelationship between oxidative stress, inflammation, and low albumin levels, which are hallmarks of COVID-19.
Comment on Yang et al. Bile Acid Diarrhea: From Molecular Mechanisms to Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment in the Era of Precision Medicine. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25, 1544
Authors: Ellegaard Anne-Marie , Kårhus Martin L. , Knop Filip K.
Published: July 2024

We have with great interest read the recent review on the molecular mechanisms underlying bile acid diarrhea (BAD) by Yang et al [...]
Polyester Microfibers Exposure Modulates Mytilus galloprovincialis Hemolymph Microbiome
Authors: Auguste Manon , Leonessi Martina , Doni Lapo , Oliveri Caterina , Jemec Kokalj Anita , Drobne Damjana , Vezzulli Luigi , Canesi Laura
Published: July 2024

Microplastic (MP) contamination in the aquatic environment is a cause of concern worldwide since MP can be taken up by different organisms, altering different biological functions. In particular, evidence is accumulating that MP can affect the relationship between the host and its associated microbial communities (the microbiome), with potentially negative health consequences. Synthetic microfibers (MFs) represent one of the main MPs in the marine environment, which can be accumulated by filter-feeding invertebrates, such as bivalves, with consequent negative effects and transfer through the food chain. In the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) MFs, with a size distribution resembling that of an MF released from textile washing, have been previously shown to induce multiple stress responses. In this work, in the same experimental conditions, the effects of exposure to PET-MF (96 h, 10, and 100 μg/L) on mussel hemolymph microbiome were evaluated by 16S rRNA gene amplification and sequencing. The results show that PET-MF affects the composition of bacterial communities at the phylum, family and genus level, with stronger effects at the lowest concentration tested. The relationship between MF-induced changes in hemolymph microbial communities and responses observed at the whole organism level are discussed.
Flow and On-Water Synthesis and Cancer Cell Cytotoxicity of Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Amide (CAPA) Derivatives
Authors: Saucedo Anthony , Subbarao Muppidi , Jemal Mauricio , Mesa-Diaz Nakya L. , Smith Jadyn L. , Vernaza Alexandra , Du Liqin , Kerwin Sean M.
Published: July 2024

Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) is a phenolic natural product with a wide range of biological activities, including anticancer activity; however, the ester group of CAPE is metabolically labile. The corresponding amide, CAPA, has improved metabolic stability but limited anticancer activity relative to CAPE. We report the synthesis using flow and on-water Wittig reaction approaches of five previously reported and five novel CAPA analogues. All of these analogues lack the reactive catechol functionality of CAPA and CAPE. Cytotoxicity studies of CAPE, CAPA, and these CAPA analogues in HeLa and BE(2)-C cells were carried out. Surprisingly, we found that CAPA is cytotoxic against the neuroblastoma BE(2)-C cell line (IC50 = 12 µM), in contrast to the weak activity of CAPA against HeLa cells (IC50 = 112 µM), and the literature reports of the absence of activity for CAPA against a variety of other cancer cell lines. One novel CAPA analogue, 3f, was identified as having cytotoxic activity similar to CAPE in HeLa cells (IC50 = 63 µM for 3f vs. 32 µM for CAPE), albeit with lower activity against BE(2)-C cells (IC50 = 91 µM) than CAPA. A different CAPA analogue, 3g, was found to have similar effects against BE(2)-C cells (IC50 = 92 µM). These results show that CAPA is uniquely active against neuroblastoma cells and that specific CAPA analogues that are predicted to be more metabolically stable than CAPE can reproduce CAPA’s activity against neuroblastoma cells and CAPE’s activity against HeLa cells.
Unraveling the Impact of miR-146a in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Pathophysiology and Right Ventricular Function
Authors: Santos-Gomes Joana , Mendes-Ferreira Pedro , Adão Rui , Maia-Rocha Carolina , Rego Beatriz , Poels Manu , Saint-Martin Willer Anaïs , Masson Bastien , Provencher Steeve , Bonnet Sébastien , Montani David , Perros Frédéric , Antigny Fabrice , Leite-Moreira Adelino F. , Brás-Silva Carmen
Published: July 2024

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a chronic disorder characterized by excessive pulmonary vascular remodeling, leading to elevated pulmonary vascular resistance and right ventricle (RV) overload and failure. MicroRNA-146a (miR-146a) promotes vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and vascular neointimal hyperplasia, both hallmarks of PAH. This study aimed to investigate the effects of miR-146a through pharmacological or genetic inhibition on experimental PAH and RV pressure overload animal models. Additionally, we examined the overexpression of miR-146a on human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (hPASMCs). Here, we showed that miR-146a genic expression was increased in the lungs of patients with PAH and the plasma of monocrotaline (MCT) rats. Interestingly, genetic ablation of miR-146a improved RV hypertrophy and systolic pressures in Sugen 5415/hypoxia (SuHx) and pulmonary arterial banding (PAB) mice. Pharmacological inhibition of miR-146a improved RV remodeling in PAB-wild type mice and MCT rats, and enhanced exercise capacity in MCT rats. However, overexpression of miR-146a did not affect proliferation, migration, and apoptosis in control-hPASMCs. Our findings show that miR-146a may play a significant role in RV function and remodeling, representing a promising therapeutic target for RV hypertrophy and, consequently, PAH.
Evaluation of the Potential Cytoprotective Effect of Melatonin in Comparison with Vitamin E and Trolox against Cd2+-Induced Toxicity in SH-SY5Y, HCT 116, and HepG2 Cell Lines
Authors: Mallamaci Rosanna , Barbarossa Alexia , Carrieri Antonio , Meleleo Daniela , Carocci Alessia
Published: July 2024

Cadmium (Cd) toxicity poses a significant threat to cellular health, leading to oxidative stress and cell damage. Antioxidant agents, particularly those of natural origin, have been studied as a potential alternative for mitigating heavy metal toxicity. This study aimed to evaluate the cytoprotective effects of the antioxidant melatonin (MLT) in comparison with Vitamin E (VitE) and Trolox against Cd2+-induced cellular toxicity. The MTT assay was employed to assess cell viability in neuronal SH-SY5Y, colorectal HCT 116, and hepatic HepG2 cell lines. The results showed that all three antioxidants offered some level of protection against Cd toxicity, with Vitamin E proving to be the most effective. MLT also demonstrated a substantial cytoprotective effect, especially at the highest Cd concentration of 30 µM. These findings suggest that MLT, alongside Vit E and Trolox, could be valuable in mitigating the detrimental effects of Cd exposure by reducing the oxidative stress in these cellular models.
Revealing the Hidden Impacts: Insights into Biological Aging and Long-Term Effects in Pauci- and Asymptomatic COVID-19 Healthcare Workers
Authors: Campisi Manuela , Cannella Luana , Bordin Anna , Moretto Angelo , Scapellato Maria Luisa , Mason Paola , Liviero Filippo , Pavanello Sofia ,   on behalf of Occupational Medicine Working Group
Published: July 2024

This study explores the role of inflammation and oxidative stress, hallmarks of COVID-19, in accelerating cellular biological aging. We investigated early molecular markers—DNA methylation age (DNAmAge) and telomere length (TL)—in blood leukocytes, nasal cells (NCs), and induced sputum (IS) one year post-infection in pauci- and asymptomatic healthcare workers (HCWs) infected during the first pandemic wave (February–May 2020), compared to COPD patients, model for “aged lung”. Data from questionnaires, Work Ability Index (WAI), blood analyses, autonomic cardiac balance assessments, heart rate variability (HRV), and pulmonary function tests were collected. Elevated leukocyte DNAmAge significantly correlated with advancing age, male sex, daytime work, and an aged phenotype characterized by chronic diseases, elevated LDL and glycemia levels, medications affecting HRV, and declines in lung function, WAI, lymphocyte count, hemoglobin levels, and HRV (p < 0.05). Increasing age, LDL levels, job positions involving intensive patient contact, and higher leukocyte counts collectively contributed to shortened leukocyte TL (p < 0.05). Notably, HCWs exhibited accelerated biological aging in IS cells compared to both blood leukocytes (p ≤ 0.05) and NCs (p < 0.001) and were biologically older than COPD patients (p < 0.05). These findings suggest the need to monitor aging in pauci- and asymptomatic COVID-19 survivors, who represent the majority of the general population.
Single-Ion Magnetism of the [DyIII(hfac)4]− Anions in the Crystalline Semiconductor {TSeT1.5}●+[DyIII(hfac)4]− Containing Weakly Dimerized Stacks of Tetraselenatetracene
Authors: Flakina Alexandra M. , Nazarov Dmitry I. , Faraonov Maxim A. , Yakushev Ilya A. , Kuzmin Alexey V. , Khasanov Salavat S. , Zverev Vladimir N. , Otsuka Akihiro , Yamochi Hideki , Kitagawa Hiroshi , Konarev Dmitri V.
Published: July 2024

The oxidation of tetraselenatetracene (TSeT) by tetracyanoquinodimethane in the presence of dysprosium(III) tris(hexafluoroacetylacetonate), DyIII(hfac)3, produces black crystals of {TSeT1.5}●+[DyIII(hfac)4]− (1) salt, which combines conducting and magnetic sublattices. It contains one-dimensional stacks composed of partially oxidized TSeT molecules (formal averaged charge is +2/3). Dimers and monomers can be outlined within these stacks with charge and spin density redistribution. The spin triplet state of the dimers is populated above 128 K with an estimated singlet-triplet energy gap of 542 K, whereas spins localized on the monomers show paramagnetic behavior. A semiconducting behavior is observed for 1 with the activation energy of 91 meV (measured by the four-probe technique for an oriented single crystal). The DyIII ions coordinate four hfac− anions in [DyIII(hfac)4]−, providing D2d symmetry. Slow magnetic relaxation is observed for DyIII under an applied static magnetic field of 1000 Oe, and 1 is a single-ion magnet (SIM) with spin reversal barrier Ueff = 40.2 K and magnetic hysteresis at 2 K. Contributions from DyIII and TSeT●+ paramagnetic species are seen in EPR. The DyIII ion rarely manifests EPR signals, but such signal is observed in 1. It appears due to narrowing below 30 K and has g4 = 6.1871 and g5 = 2.1778 at 5.4 K.
The Scavenging Activity of Coenzyme Q10 Plus a Nutritional Complex on Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells
Authors: Hernandez Maria , Recalde Sergio , Bezunartea Jaione , Moreno-Orduña Maite , Belza Idoia , Chas-Prat Ainara , Perugini Elena , Garcia-Layana Alfredo , Fernández-Robredo Patricia
Published: July 2024

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and diabetic retinopathy (DR) are common retinal diseases responsible for most blindness in working-age and elderly populations. Oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction play roles in these pathogenesis, and new therapies counteracting these contributors could be of great interest. Some molecules, like coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), are considered beneficial to maintain mitochondrial homeostasis and contribute to the prevention of cellular apoptosis. We investigated the impact of adding CoQ10 (Q) to a nutritional antioxidant complex (Nutrof Total®; N) on the mitochondrial status and apoptosis in an in vitro hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced oxidative stress model in human retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells. H2O2 significantly increased 8-OHdG levels (p < 0.05), caspase-3 (p < 0.0001) and TUNEL intensity (p < 0.01), and RANTES (p < 0.05), caspase-1 (p < 0.05), superoxide (p < 0.05), and DRP-1 (p < 0.05) levels, and also decreased IL1β, SOD2, and CAT gene expression (p < 0.05) vs. control. Remarkably, Q showed a significant recovery in IL1β gene expression, TUNEL, TNFα, caspase-1, and JC-1 (p < 0.05) vs. H2O2, and NQ showed a synergist effect in caspase-3 (p < 0.01), TUNEL (p < 0.0001), mtDNA, and DRP-1 (p < 0.05). Our results showed that CoQ10 supplementation is effective in restoring/preventing apoptosis and mitochondrial stress-related damage, suggesting that it could be a valid strategy in degenerative processes such as AMD or DR.
The Expression Profiles of lncRNAs Are Associated with Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Resistance in Locally Advanced, Luminal B-Type Breast Cancer
Authors: González-Woge Miguel , Contreras-Espinosa Laura , García-Gordillo José Antonio , Aguilar-Villanueva Sergio , Bargallo-Rocha Enrique , Cabrera-Galeana Paula , Vasquez-Mata Tania , Cervantes-López Ximena , Vargas-Lías Diana Sofía , Montiel-Manríquez Rogelio , Bautista-Hinojosa Luis , Rebollar-Vega Rosa , Castro-Hernández Clementina , Álvarez-Gómez Rosa María , De La Rosa-Velázquez Inti Alberto , Díaz-Chávez José , Jiménez-Trejo Francisco , Arriaga-Canon Cristian , Herrera Luis Alonso
Published: July 2024

lncRNAs are noncoding transcripts with tissue and cancer specificity. Particularly, in breast cancer, lncRNAs exhibit subtype-specific expression; they are particularly upregulated in luminal tumors. However, no gene signature-based laboratory tests have been developed for luminal breast cancer identification or the differential diagnosis of luminal tumors, since no luminal A- or B-specific genes have been identified. Particularly, luminal B patients are of clinical interest, since they have the most variable response to neoadjuvant treatment; thus, it is necessary to develop diagnostic and predictive biomarkers for these patients to optimize treatment decision-making and improve treatment quality. In this study, we analyzed the lncRNA expression profiles of breast cancer cell lines and patient tumor samples from RNA-Seq data to identify an lncRNA signature specific for luminal phenotypes. We identified an lncRNA signature consisting of LINC01016, GATA3-AS1, MAPT-IT1, and DSCAM-AS1 that exhibits luminal subtype-specific expression; among these lncRNAs, GATA3-AS1 is associated with the presence of residual disease (Wilcoxon test, p < 0.05), which is related to neoadjuvant chemotherapy resistance in luminal B breast cancer patients. Furthermore, analysis of GATA3-AS1 expression using RNA in situ hybridization (RNA ISH) demonstrated that this lncRNA is detectable in histological slides. Similar to estrogen receptors and Ki67, both commonly detected biomarkers, GATA3-AS1 proves to be a suitable predictive biomarker for clinical application in breast cancer laboratory tests.
Alliums as Potential Antioxidants and Anticancer Agents
Authors: Iwar Kanivalan , Ochar Kingsley , Seo Yun Am , Ha Bo-Keun , Kim Seong-Hoon
Published: July 2024

The genus Allium plants, including onions, garlic, leeks, chives, and shallots, have long been recognized for their potential health benefits, particularly in oxidative and cancer prevention. Among them, onions and garlic have been extensively studied, unveiling promising biological activities that are indicative of their potential as potent antioxidant and anticancer agents. Research has revealed a rich repository of bioactive compounds in Allium species, highlighting their antioxidative properties and diverse mechanisms that target cancer cells. Compounds such as allicin, flavonoids, and organosulfur compounds (OSCs) exhibit notable antioxidant and anticancer properties, affecting apoptosis induction, cell cycle arrest, and the inhibition of tumor proliferation. Moreover, their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory attributes enhance their potential in cancer therapy. Studies exploring other Allium species beyond onions and garlic have revealed similar biological activities, suggesting a broad spectrum of natural products that could serve as promising candidates for developing novel anticancer treatments. Understanding the multifaceted potential of Allium plants will pave the way for innovative strategies in oxidative and cancer treatment and prevention, offering new avenues for pharmaceutical research and dietary interventions. Therefore, in this review, we compile an extensive analysis of the diversity of various Allium species, emphasizing their remarkable potential as effective agents.
Refractive Surgery in Myopic Children
Authors: Urban Beata , Bakunowicz-Łazarczyk Alina
Published: July 2024

In this paper, we summarize the current knowledge on refractive surgery performed in the myopic pediatric population. We describe the main concerns about refractive surgery in myopic children and the indications for refractive surgery in this age group. We present a range of surgical procedures that are being used for the management of unilateral/bilateral myopia in children: corneal refractive surgery (PRK, LASEK, LASIK, FS-LASIK and SMILE) and intraocular refractive surgery (phakic intraocular lens implantation, refractive lens exchange or clear lens extraction), with both their advantages and drawbacks. We also describe the various complications and measures to prevent them.
Updates in Arrhythmia Management in Adult Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: Small Adam J. , Dai Matthew , Halpern Dan G. , Tan Reina Bianca
Published: July 2024

Arrhythmias are highly prevalent in adults with congenital heart disease. For the clinician caring for this population, an understanding of pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of arrhythmia is essential. Herein we review the latest updates in diagnostics and treatment of tachyarrhythmias and bradyarrhythmias, all in the context of congenital anatomy, hemodynamics, and standard invasive palliations for congenital heart disease.
Intraoperative Polymerase Chain Reaction from Cardiac Valve Tissue Is Beneficial for Guiding Further Therapy in Patients with Infective Endocarditis
Authors: von Zeppelin Mascha , Gharoony Seyed Arian , Holubcova Zdenka , Salem Razan , Hlavicka Jan , Heyl Stephan , Ochs Marco , Wichelhaus Thomas A. , Kessel Johanna , Moritz Anton , Walther Thomas , Holubec Tomas
Published: July 2024

Background: Infectious endocarditis (IE) remains a critical condition despite all the medical advances in recent decades. Reliable pathogen identification is indispensable for precise therapy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic and therapeutic benefit of additional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in comparison with microbiological culture alone based on intraoperative tissue sampling for patients operated on due to IE. Methods: A total of 224 patients diagnosed with acute or subacute IE were analyzed. Intraoperatively resected infectious tissue was analyzed using both PCR and microbiological culture. Subsequently, the results of the detection of bacteria obtained based on intraoperative measurements from tissue via culture and PCR were compared with preoperative blood culture results. Furthermore, we evaluated the therapeutic impact of the culture and/or PCR results obtained from cardiac tissue. Results: The 224 patients were 63 ± 17 years old, and 64 (29%) were female. In total, 149 (67%) suffered from aortic valve endocarditis, 45 (45%) had mitral valve endocarditis, and 39 (18%) were afflicted with double-valve endocarditis. Prosthetic valve endocarditis was present in 70 (31%) patients. Pathogens were detected in 70% of the cases analyzed via PCR using cardiac valve tissue and in 25% of those analyzed via a culture of cardiac valve tissue; this figure was only 64% for preoperative blood culture. Overall, a pathogen was identified in 197 patients (88%), leading to antibiotic therapy. Targeted antibiotic therapy, based on the PCR results, was carried out in 37 cases and was conducted based on a culture from cardiac valve tissue in three cases. Finally, in 12% of patients, the causative pathogen remained unclear. Conclusions: For patients suffering endocarditis, PCR analysis is indispensable and superior to preoperative blood culture and intraoperative culture in detecting bacteria. Based on PCR testing, antibiotic therapy can be individually adjusted. The high precision of pathogen identification may lead to a significant reduction in IE-associated morbidity and mortality.
The Effectiveness of a Single Hyaluronic Acid Injection in Improving Symptoms and Muscular Strength in Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis: A Multicenter, Retrospective Study
Authors: Tarantino Domiziano , Forte Alfonso Maria , Picone Antonio , Sirico Felice , Ruosi Carlo
Published: July 2024

Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a progressive and multifactorial disease that leads to joint pain, muscle weakness, physical disability, and decreased quality of life. In KOA, the quantity of hyaluronic acid (HA) and the molecular weight (MW) are decreased, leading to joint pain due to increased wear of the knee articular cartilage. Arthrogenic muscle inhibition, which is usually found in patients with KOA, is associated with joint inflammation, pain, and swelling, also causing muscle atrophy, primarily of the anterior thigh muscles, and hindering the rehabilitation process. The aim of our work was to determine if a single HA infiltration could minimize the effects of arthrogenic muscle inhibition in patients with KOA in the short term, using isokinetic dynamometry to evaluate the strength of the knee extensor and flexor muscles of the thigh. Thirty patients with KOA who underwent both clinical and isokinetic assessment, and that received a single injection of HA, were retrospectively included. Our results showed that a single intra-articular injection of HA significantly reduces pain and improves joint function at four weeks, while non-statistically significant improvements were observed for the reference isokinetic parameter (maximum torque) at both 90°/s and 180°/s. Further high-quality studies are necessary to confirm the results of our study.
Learning Curve Analysis of Single-Incision Ovarian Cystectomy: Comparative Study of Robotic and Conventional Laparoscopic Techniques
Authors: Kim Seongmin , Lee Seon-Mi , Seol Aeran , Lee Sanghoon , Song Jae-Yun , Lee Jae-Kwan , Lee Nak-Woo
Published: July 2024

Ovarian cystectomy, aimed at preserving fertility, has advanced through minimally invasive surgical techniques. This study evaluates the learning curves and surgical outcomes of three such approaches: DaVinci Robotic Single-Site (RSS), DaVinci Robotic Single-Port (RSP), and laparo-endoscopic single-site surgery (LESS). To analyze the learning curves and surgical outcomes for these techniques, providing insights into their effectiveness and proficiency development. Retrospective analysis of 104 patients with ovarian tumors, divided into RSS (n = 52), RSP (n = 22), and LESS (n = 30) groups. Metrics analyzed included age, BMI, tumor size, hemoglobin drop, operative time, docking time, console time, and tumor location. No significant differences in age, BMI, transfusion rate, hemoglobin drop, or length of stay were found among the groups. RSS had larger tumors on average, and LESS had a higher occurrence rate on the right side. LESS demonstrated the shortest operative time, while RSS and RSP had comparable times. Docking and console times did not differ significantly between RSS and RSP. RSP reached proficiency faster than RSS in docking and console times, while LESS exhibited the greatest variability in operative time. RSP offers a faster and more consistent learning curve, making it advantageous for complex procedures, whereas LESS provides shorter operative times but with higher variability. These findings are crucial for surgical training and resource allocation in medical institutions.
Unveiling the Path to Mobile Payment Adoption: Insights from Thai Consumers
Authors: Changchit Chuleeporn , Cutshall Robert , Pham Long
Published: July 2024

Mobile payment, replacing traditional methods like cash and cards, offers users convenience and accessibility, benefiting individuals, businesses, and governments. However, most research on mobile payment adoption has primarily focused on developed countries, leaving a gap in understanding the adoption factors in developing nations. This study addresses this gap by investigating the determinants of mobile payment adoption in Thailand, an emerging economy experiencing significant smartphone adoption and e-commerce growth. Through a quantitative approach and a survey of 475 Thai consumers, this research applies an extended Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) model as a theoretical foundation to examine Thai consumers’ mobile payment adoption. Data analysis using SPSS 28.0 and AMOS 28.0 identifies key factors influencing Thai consumers to adopt mobile payment. By offering a comprehensive research model and considering evolving smartphone technology, this study aims to guide policymakers and stakeholders in promoting mobile payment adoption, ultimately enhancing Thailand’s economic development and tourism industry.
Does Investors’ Online Public Opinion Divergence Increase the Trading Volume? Evidence from the CSI 300 Index Constituents
Authors: Huang Zihuang , Xu Qing , Wang Xinyu
Published: July 2024

We collected online public opinions on the CSI 300 index constituents and investigated the different impacts of online public opinion divergence on trading volume. Here, we find that online public opinions are helpful in improving the trading volume, but the online public opinion divergence of investors reduces the expected trading volume. In particular, non-financial and mid-cap stocks with high levels of discussion are more significantly influenced by online public opinion divergence. Through the classification of investors’ influence levels, we find that the divergence among high-level investors increases the trading volume, while the divergence among low-level investors exacerbates the decrease in trading volume. A reduction in divergence for both levels will have a greater impact. We believe that attention should be paid to regulating and guiding the online public opinions of “newcomers”. This will not only improve the quality of Guba but also contribute to the steady development of the Chinese stock market.
Horizontal and Vertical Spatial Equity Analysis Based on Accessibility to Living Service Amenities: A Case Study of Xi’an, China
Authors: Li Tongtong , Fang Xinrui , Zhu Jiaqi , Peng Qianliu , Zhao Wenyu , Fu Xin
Published: July 2024

Accessibility is closely related to residents’ well-being and quality of life and is a potential indicator of social equity. This study aims to present a methodology for assessing the combined equity of living service amenities (LSAs) based on accessibility. This study focuses on fourteen types of LSAs in six dimensions and improves the three-step floating catchment area (3SFCA) model by considering the behavioral demand characteristics of different age groups. Taking the main built-up area of Xi’an as an example, the modified 3SFCA model is applied to assess the accessibility of LSAs, and the supply–demand index is used to measure the supply and demand level of the horizontal dimension. Furthermore, random forest regression was used to screen the key socioeconomic indicators affecting the accessibility of LSAs, and then the binary spatial correlation local index was used to reveal the spatial distribution characteristics between LSA accessibility and key socioeconomic indicators in the vertical dimension. Finally, the comprehensive equity of LSAs is evaluated by space superposition. The results showed that there was a serious imbalance between the supply and demand of LSAs in Xi’an’s main built-up area, with polarized oversupply and weak supply areas, especially for accessibility to low-grade LSAs. Accessibility is relatively low for children and young and middle-aged groups, and intergenerational inequalities were particularly pronounced among them. The lower-income group was generally at a disadvantage in accessing the high-demand amenities, and those who resided in affordable housing in the periphery of the city were more likely to face social exclusion. This study emphasizes the importance of distributing urban resources equitably among different social groups, which can help decision makers achieve a balance between horizontal equity and vertical equity in the allocation of urban LSAs and promote spatial equity and sustainable social development.
Optimization Design of Quenching and Tempering Parameters for Crankshaft Based on Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Wang Yongkang , Tang Jie , Chen Jianzhi , Nie Zhibin , Zhao De
Published: July 2024

Existing optimization research on the crankshaft heat treatment process is mostly based on one-sided considerations, and less consideration is given to the matching of multiple process parameters, leading to irrational designs of heat treatment. To address this problem, this work investigates the influence mechanisms of cooling speed, tempering temperature, and holding time on the performance evaluation indexes of the straightness, residual stress, and martensite content of a crankshaft based on the response surface method. The results showed that the order of influence of these three different process parameters on the performance evaluation index was cooling speed > holding time > tempering temperature, and the order of influence on the performance evaluation indexes under multifactorial process parameters was cooling speed–holding time > cooling speed–tempering temperature > holding time–tempering temperature. The optimal process parameters were a cooling speed of 1.4 times the cooling oil, a tempering temperature of 555 °C, and a holding time of 6 h, with the straightness of the crankshaft reduced by 9.9%, the surface stress increased by 6.7%, and the martensitic content increased by 7.2% after the process optimization. This work can provide new clues for optimizing the heat treatment process parameters of crankshafts.
Seismic Performance of a Single-Story Timber-Framed Masonry Structure Strengthened with Fiber-Reinforced Cement Mortar
Authors: Tan Wei , Zhou Tiegang , Zhu Lixin , Zhao Xiang , Yu Wen , Zhang Liangyi , Liang Zengfei
Published: July 2024

Timber-framed masonry structures are widely used around the world, and their seismic performance is generally poor. Most of them have not been seismically strengthened. In areas with high seismic fortification intensity, there are great potential safety hazards. And it is urgent to carry out effective seismic reinforcement. However, due to the complicated construction process of the existing reinforcement technology, the poor durability of the reinforcement materials, and the significant disturbance to the life of the original residents, an efficient single-story timber-framed masonry structure reinforcement technology suitable for comprehensive promotion and application has not been explored. In this paper, a fiber-reinforced cement mortar (FRCM) material was proposed. A 1/2 scale model of a single-story timber-framed masonry structure was taken as the research object. The method of strengthening a single-story timber-framed masonry structure with FRCM layer was adopted. And the shaking table test of the model before and after reinforcement was carried out in turn. The dynamic characteristics, failure modes, acceleration response and displacement response of the FRCM layer-strengthened structure were analyzed through comparisons of the two cases. The experimental results showed that the FRCM layer significantly improved the seismic performance of the seismic-damaged single-story timber-framed masonry structures. The X- and Y-direction natural frequencies of the model structure were increased by 31.30% and 30.22%, respectively, after the structure was strengthened with FRCM. During a rare eight-degree earthquake, the inter-story displacement angles in the X- and Y-direction of the unreinforced model reached 1/98 and 1/577, respectively, and the structure was destroyed, while the inter-story displacement angle of the FRCM-reinforced model was only 1/2 of that the unreinforced model. During a rare nine-degree earthquake, the X-direction inter-story displacement angle of the model strengthened with FRCM reached 1/78 and the Y-direction inter-story displacement angle reached 1/178. At this time, the reinforced model structure was destroyed, but there was no collapse of the structural components, which met the seismic design objectives of “operational under the design minor seismic intensity, repairable damage under the design seismic precautionary intensity, and collapse prevention under the design rare seismic intensity”, which proved that the FRCM layer was an effective and feasible way to strengthen the existing single-story wood-masonry rural building.