bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An insight to medical therapy for Anterior resection syndrome
Authors: Nimra Shakeel  , Muhammad Umar Raza  , Ahla Jasim
Published: January 2021

Colorectal cancer ranks as the third most common type of cancer in the world. One of the most common types of surgery instituted to eliminate cancer lesion in the lower rectum is low anterior resection.1 About one-third patients develop low anterior resection syndrome/ anterior resection syndrome (LARS/ARS) following this surgery, which comprises of painful defecation, stool urgency and frequency, inability to discriminate between flatus and stool, diaper dependency, difficulty holding stools as well as incontinence which leads to extremely poor quality of life.1 Surgery, as well as the radiotherapy, is inflicted in the development of this syndrome since both results in some form of damage to the innervations of the anal sphincter and rectum.2 Neo-rectum produced from surgery cannot also hold stool for long, which also contributes to the symptoms of this syndrome.2
Anterior resection syndrome often fails to remit and becomes a chronic ailment for the colorectal cancer survivors, thus causing significant malfunction and distress to their lives.3 Very little research has focused on the management of LARS/ARS. Symptoms of LARS/ARS seem to resemble that of diarrhoea- predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D) and studies have shown that these symptoms may be the result of altered expression of serotonin receptors.4,5 Ryohei Itagaki et al. in their clinical trial demonstrated the efficacy of 5-HT3 receptor antagonists in reducing symptoms of LARS/ARS.5 In this small trial a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, ramosetron was given to the patients for one month and noticed that it produced significant reductions in stool urgency as well as the number of stools per day.5 These results indicate that therapeutic options which have demonstrated efficacy against IBS-D such as 5-HT3 receptor antagonists and opioid receptor agonists may prove efficacious in reducing symptoms of LARS/ARS.6 Loperamide has since long proven to be a potent anti-diarrhoeal agent and has established its efficacy in treating IBS-D in several clinical trials.7 In a double-blind clinical trial conducted by P S Efskind et al, loperamide produced improvement in stool consistency and frequency throughout the five weeks of treatment in patients with IBS-D.7 Continuous...
DAMPAK PERKEMBANGAN BUDAYA MODERN TERHADAP EKSISTENSI BUDAYA LOKAL DI ACEH
Authors: Mulasi Syibran
Published: January 2021

The development of culture are a thing is not possible to evade, with of development of information technologies the development of culture has expanded until everywhere, even can change purity local culture where new culture came including also in culture local Aceh though .This discussion aims to look at about the influence of modern culture to existence local culture aceh that flourish with of development of information technologies .Discussion this was done in review texts and the results of research having relevance for the purpose subjects, writer take some forms of the development of culture and an effect on cultural took. Discussion results found that cultures aceh by deliberately is shifting and the community aceh by receptive the new culture , are evident in the form of intercommunication youth, degradation moral, divorce rates and affair, style intercommunication and social interaction s broader. Change and development of this culture has to be early protection for all stakeholders in Aceh to bore filterisasi culture to local culture Aceh in which to come.
Determinant Factors Affecting Intention of Child Marriage to Adolescents in Banggai Laut
Authors: Wahyuni Nur Indri , Moedjiono Apik Indarty , Tamar Muhammad
Published: January 2021

This study aims to look at the determinant factors that affect the intense / intention to do child marriage to adolescents in Banggai Laut. This research method using a cross sectional study. The research sample consisted of 192 teenage students in SMA Negeri 1 Banggai and SMA Negeri 2 Banggai. Chi-square test and multiple logistic regression were used to analyze the data. The results of the bivariate analysis showed that there was an effect of attitude, family drive and behavior control on the intention to do child marriage (p <0.05). The results of the multivariate analysis showed that there was only one variable that had a p value <0.05, namely the family drive variable with p = 0.029. From exp (B) = 4,871> 1 is a risk factor and the Cl value is 95% more than 1 (1,178-20,142) so that OR is significant. This means that respondents who are influenced by family encouragement have a risk of 4,871 times having the intention of engaging in child marriage. It can be concluded that there are many factors that can influence adolescents in engaging in child marriage. All levels of society should protect children together and stop the practice of child marriage in society. The smallest and closest family unit for the child should be able to protect it, not be the main factor that encourages underage marriage.
The Effect of Married Age on the Health of Mother and Baby in Campalagian District
Authors: Septriani Mega , Moedjiono Apik Indarty , Stang Stang
Published: January 2021

The determinants of child marriage are triggered by complex social, economic, cultural, political and legal disparities. This research method used a cross sectional study. The research sample was 192 women who were married in 2018-2019 in the Campalagian District. This study aims to determine the effect of the age of marriage on the health of ibn and infants in the District of Campalagian. Chi-square test was used to analyze data. The results of the bivariate analysis showed that the age of marriage had an effect on the health of the newborn (p value = 0.003). However, the age of marriage on maternal health during pregnancy, maternal health at delivery, use of contraceptive methods, service standards for birth weight, and support from husbands do not have a significant effect. After conducting bivariate analysis using moderator variables, the results showed that. There is an effect of the age of marriage based on the age of the husband (p value = 0.017) and the husband's education (p value = 0.024) on maternal health at delivery. There is an effect of the age at marriage based on the husband's age (p value = 0.023), the wife's education (p = 0.008), and the husband's education (p = 0.009), on the health of the newborn. It can be concluded that the age of marriage has an effect on the health of the mother and baby and/or if it includes the age and education factors of both the respondent and the partner.
Refractions of the National, the Popular and the Global in African Cities
Authors: Bekker Simon , Croese Sylvia , Pieterse Edgar
Published: January 2021

Case studies of metropolitan cities in nine African countries from Egypt in the north to three in West and Central Africa, two in East Africa and three in Southern Africa make up the empirical foundation of this publication. The interrelated themes addressed in these chapters the national influence on urban development, the popular dynamics that shape urban development and the global currents on urban development make up its framework. All authors and editors are African, as is the publisher. The only exception is Göran Therborn whose recent book,
Cities of Power, served as motivation for this volume. Accordingly, the issue common to all case studies is the often conflictual powers that are exercised by national, global and popular forces in the development of these African cities.

Rather than locating the case studies in an exclusively African historical context, the focus is on the trajectories of the postcolonial city (with the important exception of Addis Ababa with a non-colonial history that has granted it a special place in African consciousness). These trajectories enable comparisons with those of postcolonial cities on other continents. This, in turn, highlights the fact that Africa today, the least urbanised continent on an increasingly urbanised globe is in the thick of processes of large-scale urban transformation, illustrated in diverse ways by the case studies that make up the foundation of this publication.
Человеческий фактор как определяющий производительность труда в эпоху цифровой экономики
Authors: Акаев А.А. , Садовничий В.А.
Published: January 2021

В статье показано, что в цифровую эпоху большинство работ когнитивного характера сохранится за человеческим фактором, поскольку эти работы, как правило, могут быть фрагментированы на непрограммируемые задачи (50-75%), требующие для их решения творческого человеческого труда, и рутинные программируемые задачи, которые могут быть использованы интеллектуальными машинами (ИМ). Авторами предложена математическая модель расчета производительности труда в цифровой экономике, где повсеместно используется симбиоз «человек+ИМ». Расчеты, выполненные с помощью разработанной модели, показывают: 1) симбиоз «человек+ИМ» позволяет реализовать потенциальные возможности повышения производительности труда в экономике с помощью цифровых технологий; 2) наибольшая производительность труда достигается в симбиозе «человек+ИМ», где доминирует человеческий труд, а наименьшая производительность труда – там, где превалирует доля программируемой работы, исполняемой ИМ; 3) в развитых странах уже к середине 2020-х годов может быть достигнута производительность труда, равная 3% в год, которая имеет шанс сохраниться до 2040-х годов.
Educação infantil no contexto amazônico: experiências em tempos de pandemia
Authors: Franco Zilda Gláucia Elias , Leite Nogueira Eulina Maria , Prata Welton de Araújo
Published: January 2021

Neste artigo, discutem-se as indagações e as experiências trazidas pela COVID-19 na Educação Infantil, no contexto do Município de Humaitá, sul do Amazonas. O texto aborda as legislações e as orientações referentes à Educação Infantil e à pandemia, as questões apresentadas pelos espaços que estudam a Educação das Crianças e as experiências desenvolvidas no município no que diz respeito ao currículo. Utilizou-se a abordagem qualitativa com questionário estruturado enviado à comunidade escolar por meio da plataforma Google Forms. Os resultados mostram que as escolas urbanas enviam atividades preparadas pelos professores e pelas professoras às crianças, por meio das redes sociais, na tentativa que a família envolva-se com o currículo escolar. Entende-se que muitos são os desafios e as reflexões nesse processo que abrange as crianças, as famílias, as atividades e os professores e as professoras; além disso, as especificidades da Educação Infantil impõem desafios próprios que exigem investimentos e esforços coletivos que rompam com as desigualdades.
A educação e o cuidado dos bebês na pandemia: uma análise a partir das relações geracionais, raciais e de gênero
Authors: Coutinho Ângela Scalabrin , Cardoso Cintia
Published: January 2021

O objetivo do artigo é discutir a educação e o cuidado dos bebês no período da pandemia da COVID-19 tomando como referência as categorias raça, geração e gênero. A base teórica interdisciplinar se situa nos campos da educação das relações étnico-raciais, dos estudos de gênero, especialmente os feministas, e dos estudos sociais da infância. Trata-se de um estudo de abordagem mista, quanti-quali, que explora os dados estatísticos sobre o acesso dos bebês à creche e sobre as condições de vida das mulheres com filhos/as. As análises tomam ainda como referência entrevistas com mulheres negras que têm seus bebês em uma creche pública municipal em Florianópolis. A partir da análise dos dados, indica-se que os fatores de desigualdade que marcam o acesso dos bebês à creche já estavam presentes desde antes a pandemia e no caso das condições de vida das mulheres negras com filhos/as, observa-se um processo de precarização da vida, sendo que no contexto estudado destaca-se uma intensa ocupação do tempo das mulheres com os cuidados com os seus bebês e com outras pessoas, a diminuição dos recursos para a subsistência e um processo de confinamento social.
Educação infantil e tecnologias digitais: reflexões em tempos de pandemia
Authors: Anjos Cleriston Izidro dos , Francisco Deise Juliana
Published: January 2021

O cenário de pandemia gerado pela COVID-19 tem trazido preocupações e acentuado outras já existentes para aquelxs que se interessam pela educação das crianças de 0 a 5 anos e 11 meses de idade. Dentre estas, estão o acesso das crianças às tecnologias digitais no contexto das instituições educacionais e/ou fora dele. Neste artigo, reflete-se sobre as relações das crianças pequenas desde bebês com as tecnologias digitais, considerando os princípios e especificidades da Educação Infantil. O objetivo do artigo é problematizar a recomendação para o uso das tecnologias digitais nesta etapa educativa, considerando o contexto de pandemia. A partir deste objetivo geral, temos como objetivo específico propor as tecnologias digitais como suporte de comunicação e manutenção de vínculos entre as famílias e as instituições educacionais. A partir de uma pesquisa documental que inclui textos legais e manuais orientadores sobre Educação Infantil e COVID-19, discute-se a presença das tecnologias, considerando: a brincadeira e as interações, os princípios éticos, políticos e estéticos, a relação família-escola e a legislação brasileira.
Locating the Real
Authors: Pitassio Francesco
Published: January 2021

The chapter considers neorealism as a cultural construct responding to historical needs. Neorealism aimed to mark a discontinuity with Fascism, rebuild the nation, and examine afresh its people, landscape, and neglected areas. For this reason, neorealism was a politically contested culture, producing both innovative works and formulaic but popular ones. In addition, the chapter scrutinises the role that neorealist film production played in post-war cultural diplomacy, which was based on mutual recognition among nations. Therefore, the chapter examines the international cultural exchange of Italian neorealism with countries on both sides of the Iron Curtain. Finally, the work focuses on the emergence of a transnational style in Europe and in the US, with neorealism holding a major role in it, together with film noir.
Face, Frame, Fragment: Refiguring Space in Found-Footage Cinema
Authors: Cameron Allan
Published: January 2021

In experimental ‘found footage’ films by Peter Tscherkassky, Nicolas
Provost, and Gregg Biermann, the relationship between the cinematic
face and frame is refigured. Using techniques of superimposition, distortion,
collage, and montage to manipulate familiar screen faces and
settings, these films invite us to reinhabit familiar cinematic worlds while
reframing and rearticulating their spatial dimensions. In doing so, they
concentrate not only on the face as visible expressive element but also
on the spatiotemporal gesture of facing. The face thus becomes a pivot
around which to orient explorations of surface and depth, figuration
and fragmentation. By teasing apart and rearranging the relationship
between cinematic faces and spaces, these works point cinema in new
directions.
Surface Explorations: 3D Moving Images as Cartographies of Time
Authors: Verhoeff Nanna
Published: January 2021

In this essay, I examine how the trope of navigation in 3D moving images can work towards an intimate and haptic encounter with other times and other places. The particular navigational construction of space in time in 3D moving images can be considered a cartography of time. This is a haptic cartography of exploration of the surfaces on which this encounter takes place. Taking Werner Herzog’s Cave of Forgotten Dreams (2010) as a theoretical object, the main question addressed is how the creative exploration of new visualization technologies—from rock painting and principles of animation to 3D moving images—entails an epistemological inquiry into, and statements about, the power of images, technologies of vision, and the media cartographies they make.
Charlie Chaplin: The Return of the Allegorical Mode in Modernity
Authors: Mourenza Daniel
Published: January 2021

This chapter addresses Walter Benjamin’s writings on Charlie Chaplin as a project to rehabilitate allegory in the 20th century. This project is evaluated in connection with Kafka and Brecht, since Benjamin approached all of these figures through the concept of Gestus. Benjamin discerned in film the prospect of undoing the numbing of the senses, which had become deadened as a consequence of the shock experience of modern life. In connection with Kafka and Brecht, this chapter analyses Chaplin as a paradigmatic cinematic figure to counteract the alienation of human beings in a technologically saturated modernity through his gestic and allegorical performance.
The Cultural Life of James Bond
Authors: Verheul Jaap , Burnett Colin , Lindner Christoph , Chapman James , Gehlawat Ajay , Kunicki Mikołaj , Behlil Melis , Sánchez Prado Ignacio , Jones Huw D. , Higson Andrew , Miller Toby , Luckett Moya , Everett Anna , Palmer Lorrie , Jeong Seung-hoon , Holliday Christopher , Murugan Meenasarani Linde , Horak Jan-Christopher , Goggin Joyce , Carloy Chris , Jones Ian Bryce
Published: January 2021

The release of No Time To Die in 2021 heralds the arrival of the twenty-fifth installment in the James Bond film series. Since the release of Dr. No in 1962, the cinematic James Bond has expedited the transformation of Ian Fleming's literary creation into an icon of western popular culture that has captivated audiences across the globe by transcending barriers of ideology, nation, empire, gender, race, ethnicity, and generation. The Cultural Life of James Bond: Specters of 007 untangles the seemingly perpetual allure of the Bond phenomenon by looking at the non-canonical texts and contexts that encompass the cultural life of James Bond. Chronicling the evolution of the British secret agent over half a century of political, social, and cultural permutations, the fifteen chapters examine the Bond-brand beyond the film series and across media platforms while understanding these ancillary texts and contexts as sites of negotiation with the Eon franchise.
The Forgotten Bond : The CBS production of Casino Royale (1954)
Authors: Chapman James
Published: January 2021

In 1954, the US television network CBS broadcast a live studio dramatization
of Casino Royale as an instalment of its drama anthology
series Climax! Casino Royale was long thought to be “lost” and is still
regarded as something of a curio item in the history of James Bond
adaptations for the screen. This chapter offers a critical reassessment of
the 1954 CBS production of Casino Royale by placing it in the institutional
and aesthetic contexts of American television drama in the 1950s. In
doing so, it argues that the Americanization of James Bond (played
by American actor Barry Nelson) may be seen as part of a strategy of
the cultural repositioning of the James Bond character for American
consumption.
Global Agency between Bond and Bourne : Skyfall and James Bond in Comparison to the Jason Bourne Film Series
Authors: Jeong Seung-hoon
Published: January 2021

Skyfall (2012) signals a crisis in global espionage in a post-9/11 era of
schizophrenic digital terror. James Bond and his enemy are both internally
excluded from their agency—MI6—and this “abjection” leads to terrorist
revenge and sovereign reaffirmation. The latter involves a survival test for
007’s vulnerable body while simultaneously recovering a national identity
for the United Kingdom. In this sense, James Bond mirrors Jason Bourne,
the ex-CIA agent in the Jason Bourne film series. Bourne undergoes a
similar abjection yet becomes neither terrorist nor sovereign but instead a
symptom of perpetual mind-games. This chapter compares Bond to Bourne
to enable a cognitive mapping of the twenty-first-century espionage genre
and its global system of sovereignty and abjection.
Turkey Legs, Dole Whip and Duff : Consumables, Diegetic Paratexts and ‘Cult-Culinary’ Objects
Authors: Williams Rebecca
Published: January 2021

This chapter considers food and drink within theme parks as consumable paratexts which may occupy different levels of status depending on fan distinctions surrounding their perceived authenticity, adherence to expectations about the product, and status as branded or non-branded products. The chapter considers the immersive potential of such items, as well as themed restaurants and bars, and also analyses the cult following that theme park fans have afforded to certain products that originate within the parks themselves such as the Dole Whip (a pineapple ice-cream that has a cult fandom amongst many Disney fans). It also examines the implications when pre-existing fans of other artists (in this case, American singer Jimmy Buffett) may clash with the commercially owned spaces of the theme park.
The sober druggist
Authors: Spaans Ronny
Published: January 2021

In this chapter, I discuss the meanings of ‘druggist’, ‘drug’ and ‘spice’ in the early
modern Dutch Republic, with a view, on the one hand, to locating the druggistpoet
Joannes Six van Chandelier within a socio-medical landscape and, on the
other, to determining what associations the druggist’s ‘dry spices’ had for his
contemporaries. In contrast to the view that literary historians have taken of Six’s
profession, as an everyday activity from which he derived his realistic view of life,
I argue that the drug trade was a cause for concern among readers of his poems
who were focused on whether it was morally acceptable. ‘Spices’ and ‘drugs’ were
associated with strangeness and opulence, and even the miraculous. In order
to avoid these negative associations, then, Six presented himself in many of his
poems as a sober and rational druggist-poet.
Drugs as Sacred Offerings
Authors: Spaans Ronny
Published: January 2021

In this chapter I discuss ceremonial uses of drugs in the poetry of Joannes Six van
Chandelier. I focus on drugs as holy offerings – both in the literal and figurative
senses – in Joyous Entries by political leaders into cities. I discuss two groups of
texts: a series of praise poems Six wrote to Frederick Henry, Prince of Orange,
on the Treaty of Münster (1648), in which Six presents the antidote theriac as an
offering and a source of inspiration; and a series of poems that Six wrote on the
Joyous Entry of Queen Mariana and King Philip IV to Madrid in 1649. Here, incense
and olive oil are presented as sacraments for the royals. I show how Six associates
the alleged apotheosising power of drugs with idolatry and pride.
The Political Uncanny, or the Return of the Repressed: Caché
Authors: Lie Sulgi
Published: January 2021

Suture opens up the possibility of a reference to a radically conceived
outside of film that cannot be integrated diegetically in a simple way.
This aesthetics is based on a mode of film that does not superimpose
but endures this radical, unbridgeable gap. This becomes political with
regard to the constitution of the subject kept open in this way, which is
neither interpellatively nor narratively closed. It is the constant perceptible
presence of the Absent One that history allows to seep into films, as I
demonstrate in an analysis of Michael Haneke’s Caché. In Caché the gaze
of the videos articulates the historical guilt of the protagonist and reveals
his entire social and political positioning.
Cartographies of the Postmodern
Authors: Lie Sulgi
Published: January 2021

One of Jameson’s key concepts is cognitive mapping – which can be
understood as a modification of his concept of allegory. In a surprisingly
affirmative reformulation of Althusser’s definition of ideology as the
subject’s imaginary representation of its real conditions of existence, the
term outlines the possibility of a political aesthetics under the conditions
of an a-historical postmodernism. The Lacanian triad of the imaginary,
the symbolic and the real also plays an important role in Jameson’s work.
By means of the imaginary image function as well as the symbolic sign
function of cartography, the subject can navigate its position towards
the real of totality. Antonioni’s Blow Up is analyzed as a key film in the
transition from modernism to postmodernism.
Mental Health Scenario of Asian Americans
Authors: Srinivasa Susheelabai R. , Pasupuleti Sudershan
Published: January 2021

This chapter discusses the mental health of Asian Americans, highlighting
their growing needs as well as policy-making challenges. There is
a stereotypical view of this segment of the U.S. population as being a
‘model minority’. However, they are under-represented in mental-health
service utilization due to fear of stigmatization, and, when provided,
these services are often culturally insensitive. This paper argues for a
more comprehensive approach to Asian Americans’ health issues so that
concerns and challenges can be addressed. It also presents sociocultural,
institutional, and environmental factors that affect the under-reporting
and under-utilization patterns of mental-health services among Asian
Americans. The growing incidence of mental-health problems and underutilization
are imminent risk factors for the psychological well-being of
Asian Americans in the United States.
The Greek Revolution of 1821
Authors: Kostantaras Dean
Published: January 2021

The present chapter describes the outbreak and outcomes of the Greek Revolution of 1821. Attention is given to questions surrounding how this event – especially from the standpoint of its imputed causes and the social composition of those who played a leading part – may be compared with other notable upheavals of the Restoration era. The chapter closes with a discussion of the European political and cultural response to the event.
From Destruction to Reconstruction
Authors: Guo Yingjie
Published: January 2021

The preservation and expansion of the ‘Three Confucian Sites’ at Qufu are
no doubt driven by tourism, but a more important reason is the Chinese
Communist Party’s change of heart about China’s cultural heritage and
national identity since 1989. In 2013, President Xi Jinping unequivocally
abandoned the Party’s decades-long tradition of iconoclasm and confirmed
its return to Chinese cultural roots. Governments at various levels have
now set about promoting Confucian values and fostering a Confucian
identity. While the effects of the state’s nation-building remain to be seen,
there is no denying that China’s disremembered Confucian heritage is
being re-materialised, re-interpreted and re-invented as never before in
the People’s Republic of China or during the past century.
Creating Cultural Identity in China
Authors: Wertmann Patrick
Published: January 2021

In recent years, China has experienced social, cultural, political and economic transformations. In order to stabilise the country in the midst of dramatic change and to legitimise the continuing rule of the Communist Party, the government has promoted nationalism and the building of a common sense of cultural identity among the people. One of the most familiar and available means to do this is to remind people of China’s ancient past. This chapter focuses on the field of archaeology to show how growing interest in cultural heritage work has produced new ways of bringing the past to the people. New ways of making the past accessible to the masses will be introduced in this chapter. These include the construction of new museums, the popularisation of archaeological discoveries, and focus on new target groups through mobile digital museums.
The Museum as Expression of Local Identity and Place
Authors: Ng Kenny K.K.
Published: January 2021

This chapter looks at museum representations of the historic city of Nanjing, and explores how the narratives of a relic museum function as a ‘memory machine’ to reconstruct cultural belonging and identity, generating a bond between people and place that takes on the affective power of ‘topophilia’. While such local bonding is crucial for developing an understanding of, and commitment to, heritage preservation, modern museology operates on national and global, as well as local, stages, greatly complicating museum presentations of history and cultural heritage. This chapter argues that the relic museum – as a surviving memorial of the past by saving and displaying its historical objects and artefacts – thus becomes an arena of contestation between top-down state recognition for national and global audiences and bottom-up locally embedded cultural revival.
Local Voices and New Narratives in Xinye Village
Authors: Svensson Marina
Published: January 2021

The present chapter is influenced by critical heritage scholars who
understand heritage as a ‘process’ rather than a particular object, place
or practice, or, differently put, understand heritage as a verb and as
something that both discursively and materially transforms places and
practices. It illustrates the complex and changing rural heritagescape in
China through a case study of Xinye village in Zhejiang province. The
focus is on how the heritagisation process has involved and given rise
to multiple stakeholders and actors with different social and cultural
capital in and outside the village, and the different ways they engage
with and make sense of heritage. It pays particular attention to how the
heritage is mediated and visualised on film, analysing a range of different
TV productions, and how performance and entertainment are essential
aspects of the heritagisation process.
Adapting Starbuck: Dualbunny’s Battlestar Galactica Trilogy
Authors: Stevens E. Charlotte
Published: January 2021

What does it mean for a series or f ilm to be adapted to a vid? The
final chapter of Fanvids is an analysis of three Battlestar Galactica
(2004-2009) vids, designed to examine both the vid’s relationship with
adaptation and the central role that songs play in making meaning
in vids. Vids rely heavily on their soundtrack to structure meaning,
with vocals, lyrics, and instrumentation vital in completing the vid’s
reinterpretation of its source text. In this case, the music, voice, and star
image of the recording artist Pink are used to appraise Kara ‘Starbuck’
Thrace. Each vid in the trilogy was made at different points during
Battlestar’s production; the trilogy reflects the character’s development
and memorializes the series’ (frustrated) potential for a particular kind
of feminist representation.
Introduction
Authors: Stevens E. Charlotte
Published: January 2021

How can we take vids seriously as works in their own right? The introduction
chapter of Fanvids covers a brief history of media fandom, which I
understand as the productive home media audiences who adopt domestic
technology as tools for remix and recombination to create interventions
into their own media landscape. This chapter contains an overview of
the structure and aims of the monograph. This chapter also describes the
different genres and categorizations of vids, each of which illuminate a
different facet of a vid’s argument or the kinds of transformation enacted
in the vid.
‘When is a meadow not a meadow?’ : Dark Ecology and Fields of Conflict in French Renaissance Poetry
Authors: Oliver Jennifer
Published: January 2021

In poetic responses to the French civil wars, the wounded political body
of France is aligned with the ravaged body of the physical landscape in
an array of arresting ecological images. By tracing a web of profoundly
imbricated commonplaces and analogies concerning fields, bodies, and
entrails in particular, this chapter investigates the ways in which the
verse of Pierre de Ronsard and Agrippa d’Aubigné both rehearses and
decries the unnatural twists and turns of that ‘intestine’ conflict. Both
poets revive ancient expressions of ecological anxiety that disrupt what
Timothy Morton has termed ‘agrilogistic thought’; but I argue that in
their distinctive and sometimes challenging styles, their verse presents
(and through syntactic violence, uncannily performs) a still more radical
vision of human enmeshment in nature.
Is Ecology Absurd? Diogenes and the End of Civilization
Authors: Goul Pauline
Published: January 2021

This chapter proposes to unravel the many ecological underpinnings of
Diogenes of Sinope’s Cynicism. Perhaps thinking cynically about climate
change requires going back to Ancient Cynicism in general, and Diogenes
of Sinope in particular; within the argument of this volume, this chapter
explores the resurgence of Diogenes and the particular tone of the works
of François Rabelais and Michel Montaigne. It makes a convincing case for
reading both of these authors less as polar opposites and more as thinkers
of the ecological shift in early modern France.
An Inconvenient Bodin: Latour and the Treasure Seekers
Authors: Zhiri Oumelbanine Nina
Published: January 2021

The admirers of Jean Bodin’s political philosophy might be surprised by his Demonomanie des sorciers and his forceful attempt to prove the reality of witchcraft. This opposition between the enlightened modern and the superstitious premodern makes his thought a prime example to confront to the theory of modernity proposed by Bruno Latour. This essay attempts such an exploration, and focuses on narratives of treasure seeking in Bodin’s text, to understand the notion of nature that they bespeak, a nature entirely worked through by demons. Looking at Bodin as a premodern also allows us to complicate Latour’s account by highlighting what the resurgence of thinking about witchcraft in late sixteenth-century Europe reveals about a larger argument about Nature, and the ways in which humans should deal with it.
Montaigne’s Plants in Movement
Authors: Szabari Antónia
Published: January 2021

By zooming in on the diverse sources of Montaigne’s naturalism, from
Aristotelian notions of vegetal psyche to Epicurean atomism and everyday
observation, the essay examines the figures of plants in Michel de Montaigne’s
Essays. It reveals the remarkable animation that characterizes
Montaigne’s plants and argues that the essayist viewed not only animals
(as has already been argued) but also plants are analogous to human
beings and as forming the basis for moral judgments.
Missionary Men in the Early Modern World
Authors: Strasser Ulrike
Published: January 2021

How did gender shape the expanding Jesuit enterprise in the early modern world? What did it take to become a missionary man? And how did missionary masculinity align itself with the European colonial project? This book highlights the central importance of male affective ties and masculine mimesis in the formation of the Jesuit missions, as well as the significance of patriarchal dynamics. Focusing on previously neglected German actors, Strasser shows how stories of exemplary male behavior circulated across national boundaries, directing the hearts and feet of men throughout Europe toward Jesuit missions in faraway lands. The sixteenth-century Iberian exemplars of Ignatius of Loyola and Francis Xavier, disseminated in print and visual media, inspired late-seventeenth-century Jesuits from German-speaking lands to bring Catholicism and European gender norms to the Spanish-controlled Pacific. The age of global missions hinged on the reproduction of missionary manhood in print and real life.
Against enclosure: DIY exhibition as prefigurative action
Authors: Vélez-Serna María A.
Published: January 2021

This chapter considers the presence of utopian imaginations and forms of
action in the practice of organizing film screenings. It argues that there
are aspects of non-theatrical cinema as a collaborative practice that
build towards a broader transformation of social relations. Through the
temporary reconfiguration of private spaces as public, or their reclamation
for play and pleasure rather than commerce, a screening can create a brief
prefigurative interlude, where it is possible to glimpse the possibility of
a different world. While being critical of the exaggerated promises of
DIY and ‘pop-up’ projects, this chapter centres the action of organizing
screenings as such, as a direct engagement with publicness and sometimes
a subtle way of reclaiming or imagining the commons.
Li Ying’s Films of Displacement
Authors: Ma Ran
Published: January 2021

This chapter turns to a long-term Chinese resident in Japan, Li Ying, and frames two of Li’s earlier documentaries, 2H (1999) and Aji (2003), as ‘films of displacement’. This study situates Li Ying’s independent filmmaking at the conjuncture of Sinophone cinema and diasporic filmmaking. I argue how these documentaries have explored and archived transhistorical and transnational affective connections traversing various Sinophone and diasporic communities within Japan and beyond. We could, therefore, envision a Chinese-in-Japan cinema which, loosely assembling contemporary film and media works by Chinese-in-Japan filmmakers who have arrived in Japan since the mid-1980s, challenges us to question its unwritten historiography and to rethink Sino/PRC-Japanese transnational cinema.
Realist Cinema as World Cinema
Authors: Nagib Lúcia ,   University of Reading
Published: January 2021

This book presents the bold and original proposal to replace the general appellation of ‘world cinema’ with the more substantive concept of ‘realist cinema’. Veering away from the usual focus on modes of reception and spectatorship, it locates instead cinematic realism in the way films are made. The volume is structured across three innovative categories of realist modes of production: ‘noncinema’, or a cinema that aspires to be life itself; ‘intermedial passages’, or films that incorporate other artforms as a channel to historical and political reality; and ‘total cinema’, or films moved by a totalising impulse, be it towards the total artwork, total history or universalising landscapes. Though mostly devoted to recent productions, each part starts with the analysis of foundational classics, which have paved the way for future realist endeavours, proving that realism is timeless and inherent in cinema from its origin.
Historicising the Story through Film and Music
Authors: Nagib Lúcia
Published: January 2021

Chapter 9 focuses on Heimat 2: Chronicle of a Generation (Die zweite Heimat:
Chronik einer Jugend, 1992), the second part of the monumental Heimat
TV and cinema series, scripted and directed by German filmmaker Edgar
Reitz. The project, spanning over 60 hours, has in Heimat 2 its longest
instalment, with 13 episodes totalling more than 25 hours of film. My
objective here is to evaluate the ways in which the Heimat 2 series, as part
of a ‘total-history’ project, i.e. the retelling of the history of Germany from
the nineteenth century to today, presents history in the making by means
of intermediality, that is, through the use of music as theme, diegetic
performance and organisational principle of all episodes.
Pathways to Modern Islam
Authors: Allawi Ali
Published: January 2021

Modern Islam, in contradistinction to traditionalist or pre-modern Islam,
emerged in the mid nineteenth century as a reaction to the overwhelming
of Muslim societies by a rapidly expanding Occident. Modern Islam
sought to effect the perspectives and consciousness of Muslims by a focus
on the political dimension of Muslims’ disempowerment. A number of
often conflicting political, doctrinal, and social currents emerged that
sought to reposition Islam in its modern context. However, the Modern
Islam project has effectively ended and degenerated into an obscurantist
exposition of the religion, extreme extenuation of the Shia-Sunni schism,
and the growth of a nihilistic and destructive understanding and practice
of jihad. Muslims must thus look beyond the false promise of a new Islamic
‘Reformation’ or ‘Enlightenment’.
The Best and Most Trying of Times
Authors: Hefner Robert W.
Published: January 2021

In recent years, scholars and policy analysts have grappled with the question of the relation of Islamic education to politics, public ethics, and modern social change. This chapter examines the origins, social role, and varieties of Islamic education, and their transformation in modern times. The chapter shows that, although Muslim educators in a few parts of the late-modern world have been resistant to efforts at educational reform, the great majority have responded positively and energetically. They have done so in response to both the hopes and aspirations of Muslim parents and youth, and the recognition that moral and intellectual progress in Muslim-majority societies requires a dialogue with and integration of the sciences of the world with the sciences of revelation.
Enhancing Dialogue Between Religious Traditions
Authors: Bakar Osman
Published: January 2021

This chapter provides an overview of Islam’s historical experiences in interreligious
dialogue through highlights of its ‘golden ages’ in this particular
domain of multicultural societal living within its civilization. It examines
these golden ages in interreligious dialogue in three notable geo-cultural
and historical settings—Muslim-ruled Spain, Chinese Islam in Ming-ruled
China, and Indian Islam under Mughal rule—following an introductory
discussion of Muslim exemplary treatment of non-Muslims during the
rule of the first four Caliphs succeeding the Prophet Muhammad. On the
basis of this discussion the author concludes that it is generally the case
that interreligious dialogue and cooperation presents itself as a necessary
contributory factor of the Golden Age of all religiously pluralistic societies,
especially of Islamic civilization.
The Ethical in Shari’a Practices
Authors: Moosa Ebrahim
Published: January 2021

The article examines the culture of renewal and critical engagement
through the practice of critical traditionalism as a way of balancing
tradition and innovation. In this sense, individual reasoning (ijtihad)
implies the use of history and knowledge of the past to provide an account
of the present by accepting the contemporary knowledge of modernity.
This chapter exemplifies the practice of critical traditionalism in the
reflections of Muhammad Taqi Usmani and Yusuf al-Qaradawi on issues
such as slavery. Nonetheless, it acknowledges the dangerous lack of critical
engagement with tradition, acknowledging the need to rethink the Islamic
system of faith (deen) by drawing inspiration from Muslim thinkers like
al-Ghazali, who called for intellectual humility and the acceptance of
plurality and multiplicity of meaning.
‘Who Were the Maccabees?’
Authors: Wright Knust Jennifer
Published: January 2021

Jennifer Knust surveys the gradual canonisation of the Maccabean martyrs
within a collection of Christian sacred texts. The eventual adoption of
these martyrs as proto-Christian models of faith were clearly the result
of a complex but now lost process of reconfiguration and appropriation.
This march forward of a Christian Maccabean cult also coincides with
a post-Julian consolidation of Christian ascendancy that began during
Julian’s reign and was then further advanced during the ramping up of
Christianisation following his death. The introduction of the Christian
cult of the Maccabean martyrs can be interpreted both as an anti-Jewish
Christian response to changing circumstances under Julian and as
evidence that the traditions associated with the Maccabees endured
as a continuing site of Christian-Jewish interaction even as these same
martyrs were spiritualised. The fourth-century re-signification of these
martyrs as Christian participated in what Andrew Jacobs describes as
the ‘historicisation’ of the Jew, a process that renders living Jews merely
‘historical’ by transferring the Jew or the Jew’s remains into an embodied,
living Christian past. Once the martyrs were detached from earlier
commemorative contexts, they served to buttress particular, disputed
formulations of Christian rather than Jewish identity. According to Knust,
the reverberations of this process reach beyond their initial settings and
Christian anti-Judaism, rhetorical or real, and have persisted within
ongoing and contested histories of difference.
Revealing Norms and Sowing Confusion: VALIE EXPORT’s Body
Authors: Delpeux Sophie , Pleasance Simon
Published: January 2021

Created in 1968, VALIE EXPORT is a pseudonym that allows an Austrian
Artist to explicitly criticize the way the art world and market exclude
women then. In an advertising pastiche, she puts her own body in display
to reveal the stereotypes coming with such a representation, but also how
to escape from it with numerous performances, images and manifests.
In this article, her body will be considered as a critical capital, enemy of
Capital.
Visual Media and the Healthy Self in the 20th Century: An Introduction
Authors: Bonah Christian , Laukötter Anja
Published: January 2021

To introduce Body, Capital, and Screens as a series of in-depth case studies
at the intersection of film and media studies and the social and cultural
history of the body, we have chosen, as with all of the contributions, a
film emblematic for the chapter’s specific thematic focus: Victoire de
la vie/Victory of life (FR, 1937) by Henri Cartier-Bresson. Through these
images, we intend to detail our approach illustrating how the material and
social aspects of moving images have served as a hyphen between body
politics, on the one hand, and the market as the 20th century’s primary
form of social and economic organization, on the other. We lay out the
framework for connecting bodies and capital with the significance of a
century’s worth of utility media culture.
Introduction
Authors: Ngo Tak-Wing , Hung Eva P.W.
Published: January 2021

This volume offers a bottom-up view of transborder informal exchanges across Asia and Eurasia and analyses their contention with the stateorchestrated One Belt One Road initiative. We argue that informal connectivity has a distinct logic and set of rules in terms of its organization, operation, and transactions. It constitutes a third way of globalization, alongside market-driven neoliberalism and state-led regionalism. The three modes of globalization differ in terms of the nature of actors, types of activities, rules of exchange, roles of the state, and major risks involved. Their clash and mesh prompt us to rethink the agency of global expansion, the nature of world city networks, and the linkage to the global value chain.
Fragmented sovereignty and unregulated flows
Authors: van Schendel Willem
Published: January 2021

The concept of the Silk Road has recently been repackaged as a China-led inter-state enterprise that will lead to ‘a win-win attempt for all’. This technocratic utopia of superior infrastructure, smooth transport routes, and boosted trade should be challenged, because it ignores the countless flows and networks across Eurasia that states fail to control. The zone connecting China to India across Myanmar and Bangladesh exemplifies the obstacles that the broader scheme is generally likely to face: distrust, implementation deficits, fragmented sovereignty, sensitive spaces, and unregulated cross-border flows. In this chapter, it is argued that the plan, far from offering benign progress for all, will damage many livelihoods and lead to adverse political, environmental, and security outcomes.
Integration in post-Soviet Central Asia
Authors: Zuenko Ivan
Published: January 2021

The 2010s became the time of active search for new forms of integration
in the wide Eurasian space between Europe and East Asia. The most
well-known is China’s One Belt One Road (OBOR) initiative and the
Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU). A 7000-kilometre border between
China and the EAEU was formed in 2015, which became a crucial factor
in the cooperation of China and Post-Soviet Central Asia. Many regard
the EAEU as just a Moscow geopolitical project and underestimated its
real impacts on economic and political ties in Eurasia, particularly in
post-Soviet Central Asia. This chapter examines the EAEU as a factor of
international relations in the global discussion about the OBOR initiative.