bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ECONOMIC COSTS ON THE CHANGE OF ORGANIZATIONAL AND LEGAL FORMS OF ECONOMIC DECREASE BY RECORDING OF THE CIVIL CODE OF UKRAINE AND CANCELLATION OF THE ECONOMIC CODE OF UKRAINE: TO DISCUSSION
Authors: ZABLODSKA I.V. , PODTSERKIVNIY O.P. , ZABLODSKA D.V.
Published: March 2020

Topicality. Today, the scientific environment discusses a legislative proposal to abolish the Economic Code of Ukraine and enshrined in the recodified Civil Code of Ukraine types of organizational and legal forms of management based on corporate rights. Aim and tasks The purpose of the article is to develop a methodological approach to determining the economic costs of bringing legal entities to their organizational and legal forms and constituent documents in accordance with the requirements of the recodified Civil Code of Ukraine through the abolition of the Economic Code of Ukraine. Research results. The number of legal entities that are registered in Ukraine has been determined, which should change the legal form of economic activity and types of economic expenses: obligatory, highly probable, and unlikely. Compulsory expenses include expenses of legal entities for state registration of changes in constituent documents, administrative fee, payment of notary services, printing expenses. In addition, many legal entities may incur expenses related to: payment of legal services of third parties on state registration of changes in the constituent documents, production of new seals and stamps, payment of additional duties for the employees of the company. It is through registration of necessary documents, holding general meetings founders, transportation expenses for visiting state registration bodies, payment for printing services, etc. For some businesses, the costs may be increased by the cost of services such as: re-licensing, re-contracting with counterparties, re-issuing leases of land and real estate, as well as the amount of downtime associated with a reorganization. Conclusion. According to the results of the costs calculation for the change by the legal entities of their organizational and legal forms and constituent documents in accordance with the requirements of the recodified Civil Code of Ukraine. It is established that each legal entity will spend almost three thousand UAH, and the maximum amount of expenses depends on the type of economic activity and the legal form of management, and thorough an analytical research is needed to calculate the real cost.
Introduction
Authors: Weegels Julienne , Jefferson Andrew M. , Martin Tomas Max
Published: March 2020

Recognizing that the ‘prison’ and the ‘street’ are increasingly understood to be enmeshed sites of exclusion and confinement, this introduction proposes an analytical orientation towards relations and practices across these sites, which attends specifically to the ways in which they are mutually constitutive. Utilizing notions of traversal and porosity, we push debates on confinement beyond their prison-centric impulse. This decentring of the prison goes beyond reading one site in terms of the other (the street as just another carceral space; the prison as another site of exclusion). We challenge the divisiveness of prison/street binaries and the domination of boundary-making by emphasizing the importance of polyvalent experiences and by drawing attention to the practices of people who traverse the prison/street threshold. On the basis of the fine-grained ethnographic contributions making up this collection, the introduction points towards novel avenues for a (grounded) theorization of confinement in terms of overlap, traversal and porosity.
Extralegal Agency and the Search for Safety in Northeast Brazil
Authors: Moore Hollis
Published: March 2020

This article – based on fieldwork conducted in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil – examines how those people most affected by carceral expansion pursue safety in an everyday marked by existential threat. Through a focus on a neglected sector of this population, namely adult women, I show how carceral encounters specifically – and informal, illegal and not-yet-(il)legal exchanges more generally – intersect with familial logics and imperatives to engender a capacity for action that I call ‘extralegal agency’. Extralegal agency is central to a practice of safety that represents an alternative to the dominant model of carceral security. An extralegal agency approach to analysing interconnected prison/urban fields, which decentres masculinized criminal organizations and resists romanticizing the rule of law, enables a disruption of dominant discourses of and about the carceral state.
Maronite writer Jibri`il Jarmanus Farhat (1670–1732) and his attempts to include the works of Christian Arab authors in the “virtual catalogue” of Arabic Muslim literature
Authors: Serikoff N. I.
Published: March 2020

The article deals with the activities of the Maronite patriarch Gabriel German Farhat (1670–1732) in the field of the Arab bibliography. The author argues that by the 18th century AD in the Arabic-speaking literature of the Middle East, were used two types of introductions to the written texts, the Muslim and the Christian. The metalanguage, which was employed by Muslim authors in the introductions to their texts, was very convenient for constructing book-titles that by themselves built the “data base” of the so-called the Arabic Islamic “virtual catalogue”. The metalanguage used by Christian authors was different, and therefore in the library world of the Middle Ages two traditions were incompatible and therefore existed without intersecting. The Maronite Patriarch Gabriel German Farhat, being a bibliophile and a librarian, in his writings proposed organizing introductions to Christian texts in a Muslim manner, however, preserving their Christian content.

The author declares that there is no conflict of interest.
How Many monarchies were there in Ancient Israel? Identifying and stating the problem
Authors: Desnitsky A. S.
Published: March 2020

This article proposes a brief overview of the existing points of view concerning the emergence of the Ancient Israel state. The key question is the existence of the unified monarchy with Jerusalem as its capital which controlled the territories of Judea and Samaria. The scarcity of the archaeological findings makes this question dependent on how the historicity of the Biblical accounts on Saul, David and Solomon is seen. Some researches regard them as mythological while others as historical figures. Reconstructions of ancient history are never ideologically sterile, so the most important ideology here is Yahwism, a religious movement which gradually evolved from one step to another. Deuteronomist (the author of the Samuel-Kings cycle, most likely, a collective one) obviously adhered to his own version of Yahwism.
The Shah and the beggar: on the poetic dispute between Hafiz and Shah Ni‘matullah Vali
Authors: Prigarina N. I. , Chalisova N. Y. , Rusanov M. A.
Published: March 2020

The article comprises an analysis of the famous ghazal by the 14th cent. Iranian poet Shams al-Din Hafiz. Traditionally it has been considered as a response to a poem by his late contemporary Shah Ni‘matullah Vali. This poetic dialogue is rather remarkable since it reveals both the literary and the personal polemics. The juxtaposing of the two texts opens in their research further hermeneutic perspectives. The ideal images of the ghazals’ lyrical characters can be projected onto the personalities of the two poets and their relationships, which provides the poem by Hafiz with a new semantic dimension.

The authors declares that there is no conflict of interest.
Indonesian Yusuf and Zulaikha: Short Story “The Apple and the Knife” by Intan Paramaditha (2008)
Authors: Frolova M. V.
Published: March 2020

The short story  “Apple and Knife”  (2008) by Indonesian writer Intan Paramaditha (born in 1979) is analysed within the comparative-typological framework of the Biblical and Quranic narrative about Yusuf and Zulaikha. The continuity of the motif transposition is traced from the literatures of the Middle East to that of the peoples of Nusantara who embraced Islam later. The intermediary was the Javanese Serat Yusup, which dates back to the 17th century. The literary skills and methods by Intan Paramaditha’s find their place somewhere in between the feminist literary criticism and horror stories. The deconstruction of some elements of the traditional narrative about Yusuf (e.g. the episode with the noble Egyptian women) makes the popular story to sound more meaningful to the readers of the modern Indonesian literature. In its turn, it sheds some light on the political and social developments of the “re-Islamized” island state of Indonesia.

The author declares that there is no conflict of interest.
Early Buddhism. Ideas of Nagarjuna and His Written Legacy in the 21st century
Authors: Baldanmaksarova E. E.
Published: March 2020

The author declares that there is no conflict of interest.
Confucian concept of “transmission of the Way” in the works by Han Yu
Authors: Starostina A. B.
Published: March 2020

This article is an attempt to find out how one of the leaders of the revival of Antiquity movement in China, the philosopher Han Yu (768–824), saw the place of the Han era philosopher Yang Xiong (53 BCE – 18 CE) in the history of Confucianism and Chinese culture. The author argues that the works by Yang Xiong influenced the ideas by Han Yu especially those regarding the lineage of the transmission of the Path. She also suggests that because the Neo-Confucianists had interpreted these features in a specific way the connection, which contributed to the fact that the relationship as mentioned above was ignored.

The author declares that there is no conflict of interest.
Comprehension of the issues of moral education and development in Surdopedagogics
Authors: Linkov V. V. , Katashev I. A.
Published: March 2020

The article substantiates the relevance and necessity of realizing the goal of a comprehensive study of the conditions and areas of moral development. It considers the main problems arising in the process of researching the moral education and development of the children with hearing impairments. It also discusses the problems of choice and application of methods in the diagnostics of moral development. The article systemizes the approaches to solving the issue of differentiating the criteria of moral development and reveals the significance of these criteria for deaf education activity. In the process of moral education, children with hearing impairment due to the peculiarities of their speech and cognitive development face problems and difficulties in understanding ethical issues, standards, concepts and rules. The results of a comprehensive study of the moral development of children with hearing impairment show uneven development of the components of different areas and their moral conscience; sources of moral knowledge are limited and insufficiently used, the ability to define ethical concepts is not precise, it is narrow and associative. In this regard, there is a need for special educational and correctional efforts, but the possibility of carrying out and the content of the moral development correction are currently the debatable issues. The article shows the contradictory criticism of the moral development. It also promotes the idea about the positive impact of the correction, and its value regarding the problems of moral education. It emphasizes the need to use a variety of educational tools in correctional and pedagogical work to activate the behavioral, axiological and cognitive areas in the process of the phased implementation of the moral development program.
On the role of rehearsal exam in chemistry in the system of training courses
Authors: Ganina N. V.
Published: March 2020

The article considers the role of organizing and carrying out training testing (rehearsal exam) in the system of preparatory courses of the modern technological university. The data on monitoring the results of training tests in chemistry for the period 2018–2019 are presented in comparison with 2014. The possibility of adjusting the educational process as a result of rehearsal examinations, an analysis of the results and subsequent intensiveness to eliminate knowledge gaps has been studied. The prospects of conducting rehearsal examinations in combination with the analysis of performance results and the organization of intensive courses as an integral part of the teaching methodology in the system of preuniversity training is shown.
The evolution of the cultural influence of classicism and baroque in the development of scientific knowledge in Russia: the problem of anthropologism and the development of science
Authors: Lazarev M. A.
Published: March 2020

In the work on historical and cultural material, an analysis is made of the change in the direction of the scientific paradigm from anthropocentric to socio-centric, which is most reflected in the period of the “New Time”, that is, the period in the history of mankind, between the “Middle Ages” and “Modern Times”, which had a significant influence on the evolution of scientific thought. The mutual relationship between culture and art is shown, as well as the step-by-step process of the formation of European science is examined, in which the influence of the state’s cultural policy on the worldview of the society, and the integrity of a science-oriented worldview are observed. Then science, reflected as a sociocultural phenomenon, has several aspects, such as the influence of culture and society on science, and vice versa, the influence of science on culture and society, which determines the direction of scientific interests, and the very approaches to understanding, comprehending the world. Realization of the development of science in the interests of the state with inevitability made it possible to imagine the main role of the social principle in the existence of man, which subsequently received a continuation in the nature of man. The man was cut off from nature and from the world and completely absorbed in the system of the social sphere, just as the individual was perceived only in the system of the state, whose general limitations were limited to his worldview.
Psychological and pedagogical support for junior schoolchildren with special educational needs in the inclusive space of educational organizations
Authors: Skryabinа D. Yu. , Bazhenova V. V.
Published: March 2020

The inclusion of children with special educational needs in the environment of normally developing peers leads to the need for changes in the educational process and the provision of psychological and pedagogical support for this category of children throughout the entire period of education. Particular attention should be paid to the psychological and pedagogical support of primary school children with special educational needs since it is in this age period when the process of adaptation to new conditions and new social status takes place. The article deals with the concept of “psychological and pedagogical support”, the principles of inclusive education, provides forms of organization of psychological support for junior students with special educational needs in the inclusive space of the educational organization, considers the specifics of the activities of the subjects of the educational process in the framework of the support.
Formation of the basis of students’ research activity using the example of solving linguistic problems
Authors: Nepoklonova E. O.
Published: March 2020

The article considers the need to find new approaches to the formation of the foundations of students’ research activities in both the comprehensive and higher schools, in connection with the change of cultural paradigm in recent decades and the emergence of a new methodological culture of thinking. The author of the article focuses on the problems of forming a new type of researcher, possessing not only fundamental scientific knowledge but also developed methodological reflexion. At the same time, the article pays special attention to reflection as a means of allowing the trainee to act as a researcher and a means by which it is possible to respond effectively to changes in the modern scientific picture of the world, in its methodological, philosophical and ethical grounds, as well as to assess the significance of his own research in the general system of knowledge of the relevant subject field. The article also deals with the cultural and historical condition of the evolution of scientific knowledge, the influence of the cultural era on the formation of a scientific picture of the world, ideals, and norms of scientific thinking, perceptions of research activities, its role in the educational process, as well as on the development of methods of teaching specific subjects and disciplines. The author presents parallels between cultural and educational paradigms in the context of the trend of changing these paradigms. In particular, the article considers modern problems of interaction between participants of the educational process, the formation of skills to carry out research activities among students in the process of studying disciplines of the linguistic cycle. The author pays great attention to the description of the role and methodological potential of the Olympiad movement of schoolchildren and students in the context of the formation of the intellectual educational environment of the educational institution, which is extremely important today for popularization of the Olympiad movement in the context of the development of the domestic methodology of teaching the basics of students and schoolchildren’ research activities.
PENERAPAN REKAYASAN ALAT PENGHANCUR SAMPAH DALAM MENUNJANG PENGELOLAAN SAMPAH
Authors: Gunawan Asep Tata , Budiono Zaeni
Published: March 2020

Kampus 7 Politeknik Kesehatan Kemenkes Semarang, merupakan salah instansi pendidikan yang terintegrasi dengan kantin, perumahan dosen serta memiliki lahan terbuka yang mencapai 2,3 ha terdapat timbulan sampah organik rata-rata 4 m3/minggu dan sampah an-organik rerata 0,85 m3/minggu dengan dominasi plastik (GELISH, 2019).  Jurusan Kesehatan Lingkungan dan memiliki sumber daya manusia (SDM) yang mumpuni dalam bidang pengolahan sampah telah merintis unit percontohan komposter dengan metode run way yang bersusun dalam 10 bak. Upaya menangai sampah organik telah terwujud dalam hasil produk pengolahan berupa kompos organik. Seiring berjalannya kegiatan pengomposan, dilakukan kegiatan evaluasi kegiatan. Hasil evaluasi terdapat catatan penting pada proses pengomposan yang dilakukan, seperti proses pembalikan sampah yang terlalu banyak, pemindahan sampah pada bak pengomposan yang banyak, keluhan bau yang menyengat dan risiko tertusuk dari sampah kaleng/ kaca dan hasil kompos kurang maksimal. Semua kondisi tersebut disebabkan karena kegiatan masih dilakukan secara manual oleh tenaga kebersihan. Desain penelitian ini adalah adalah pra eksperimen dengan rancangan penelitian Post Test Only Design.Lokasi penelitian ini dilakukan di lokasi pengolahan sampah (komposter) di Kampus 7 Poltekkes Kemenkes Semarang. Dalam penelitian ini populasi yang dimaksud oleh peneliti adalah seluruh warga kampus 7 dan seluruh timbulan sampah. Sampel penelitian ini adalah sampah plastik yang terdapat pada bak pengolahan kompos, hasil pemanenan sampah plastik dengan rata-rata volume sebesar 0,3 m3/minggu. Analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis deskriptif dari hasil penghancuran  sampah plastik. Alat pengahancur sampah yang telah dibuat memiliki kemampu dalam mencacah sampah mencapai 5 cm, dengan kapasitas penghancuran sekitar 10 kg/7,5 menit = 80 Kg/jam (10 kg paslik = 5 karung sampah plastic). Maka  mesin tersebut mampu menghancurkan  plastic sekitar 0,083 m3/jam. Jadi utk menghancurkan sampah plastik kampus 7 sekitar 0,3 m3/mg dibutuhkan waktu sekitar 3,6 jam. Diperlukannya penyesuaian lanjutan terhadap kemampuan mata pisau. Perlu ditingkatkan kemampuan motor penggerak, sehingga hasil pencacahan akan lebih cepat.
Suitability of a 10% fat diet for use in time-restricted feeding experiments with C57BL/6 mice
Authors: Sakakibara Hiroyuki , Matsuyama Hiroki , Tanaka Wataru , Yokoyama Daigo , Matsumoto Shoji , Sano Takashi , Yamashita Takatoshi , Nishimura Saki , Sakono Masanobu
Published: March 2020

Background: There is growing interest in the possible role of circadian rhythms in feeding behavior and their effect on diet-induced obesity. However, it is unclear whether widely used purified diets are suitable for use as normal control diets for rodents undergoing time-restricted feeding studies. In the present study, we compared the effects of 4% and 10% fat diets on body mass gain and food consumption during time-restricted feeding (TRF).Methods: Ad libitum-fed male C57BL/6J mice had free access to AIN-93M (4% fat) or modified 10% fat diets, whereas TRF groups were only able to consume one of these diets twice daily, at ZT23:00–01:00 and ZT11:00–13:00, for 5 weeks.Results: Total energy consumptions by the TRF-4% and TRF-10% fat groups were 26.5% and 18.6%, respectively, less than that of the ad libitum-fed groups. The body mass gains by the 4% and 10% fat diet groups fed ad libitum were similar, but the gain by the TRF-4% fat group was markedly lower than that of the TRF-10% fat group. In addition, whereas the body mass gain by the TRF-10% fat group was similar to that of its ad libitum equivalent, the gain by the TRF-4% fat group was much lower than that of the equivalent ad libitum-fed group.Conclusion: We showed for the first time that a 10% fat diet (21.9% kcal from fat) is suitable for the maintenance of body mass gain during TRF of C57BL/6 mice.Keywords: ad libitum feeding, fat content, mouse, time-restricted feeding
On the Content of higher technical education curricula abroad: Current Trends (Review)
Authors: Toporkova O. V.
Published: March 2020

Researchers consider the discrepancy between university educational programs and engineering practice to be the common problem of higher technical education today. The changes taking place at higher technical school abroad demonstrate the search for solutions of engineering education problems in developed countries. Understanding current trends in the content of higher technical education curricula in those countries will help to identify the most effective ways to solve common problems of engineering education. The article presents the results of the analysis of innovative changes taking place in the higher technical education curricula content abroad nowadays. The research materials were articles in peer-reviewed journals included in the SCOPUS database published from 2009 to 2018, proceedings of conferences held by international engineering communities. The factual basis of the study was the curricula for training engineers at a number of foreign leading universities. As a result of the research, the following innovations in the content of higher technical education curricula were identified: 1) introduction of sustainable development principles into the engineering curricula; 2) the inclusion of modules on the basics of management, entrepreneurship and innovation into the curricula, the creation of interdisciplinary programs leading to double degrees in engineering and management; 3) cooperation of universities with partner enterprises in the development of curricula; 4) the internationalization of engineering curricula, the training of future engineers for global engineering activities. The CDIO approach is considered as an innovative basis for the design of educational programs for future engineers. Those changes in the engineering curricula are aimed at bridging the gap between the contents of engineering educational programs and industrial practice, the development of competencies necessary for successful professional engineering activities, and, as a result, they contribute to improving the quality of higher technical education.
An Overview of Reviews as a Trend Maker in the Field
Authors: Raitskaya L. K. , Tikhonova E. V.
Published: March 2020

The authors consider the methodology basics of reviews as a prospective type of scholarly publications, their taxonomy and most popular review types (narrative reviews, bibliometric reviews, systematic reviews, reviews of reviews, scoping reviews, meta-analysis), as well as specific features of procedures and algorithms for conducting reviews. Top 100 of highly cited reviews on higher education from 2010 to 2019 published in high-ranking peer-reviewed journals and indexed in the international database Scopus is based on the traditional methodology that aims to sample the most essential and influential publications of the kind in a well-represented and unbiased way and to subject the sampled reviews to content, bibliometric, and linguistic analyses. based on the inclusion criteria, keywords and methods of objective selection and sampling of the publications to be reviewed and analyzed, the authors singled out the essential thematic clusters in Top-100 list (educational technologies, university, student, teaching, learning, assessment, etc.) and determined the key directions in the review field of study. Each cluster contains a brief description of the most important aspects and approaches to various topics related to higher education, an analysis of their novelty and existing gaps in the field. According to the rhetoric theory of scholarly text by John Swales named ‘Moves and steps’, the authors offer a uniform rhetoric schema of reviews, commenting on the text components and their contents. Such a schema may serve as a guideline for authors of reviews made up for international peer-reviewed journals. The most popular publications by citations and number of publications entail reviews devoted to the culture of higher education; educational technologies and peculiarities of their application in the new educational landscape; online education as a new dimension of education requiring a special ecosystem; academic ethics of university teachers; soft skills development necessary for successful professional development; academic and scientific libraries as new centers for scientific and academic communication.
From Flipped Classroom to Flipped Learning: Evolution of the Concept and Its Philosophical Foundations
Authors: Gnutova I. I.
Published: March 2020

Flipped learning is actually considered as one of the most discussed educational concepts. The Russian researchers mainly focus on the technology of the flipped learning method and analyze the recent practice of its application at all levels of national education system. The purpose of the present article is to explore the theoretical backgrounds of the flipped learning. based on groundwork literature on flipped learning and related concepts and using a descriptive method of study the paper explores the fundamental features of the flipped learning, outlines the main steps in the development of this educational technology and shows its evolution from the basic “flipped classroom” model to the modern “flipped learning” concept. Today we still can see a simplified understanding of the “flipped classroom” technology, which reduces it to a simple inversion of homework and classroom work. The paper shows that while using the inversion of homework and classroom work as the base principle, the flipped learning implies more conceptual changes in the learning process, namely, a radical rethinking of the role of the teacher, the student and the content of their face-to-face time. Flipped learning can be considered as a kind of educational meta-strategy that creates optimal conditions for the application of a personalized approach to learning, as well as of all the basic tactics of active learning. The relevance of the work is due to the need to adapt the learning process in higher education to the changes in the national education system, as well as to global socio-economic changes. The article contributes to the positive attitude to the current transformation process in national education, and provides Russian practitioners with a theoretical basis and explanation of some of the critical issues of flipped learning.
“I Paid No Attention To It”: An Oral History of Curricular Change in the 1930s
Authors: Milewski Patrice
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn 1937 the Ontario Department of Education introduced unprecedented changes to the curriculumand pedagogy of the elementary schools of the province through the publication anddistribution of the document Programme of Studies for Grades 1 to VI of the Public andSeparate Schools. By exploring the oral history of twenty-one teachers who taught in the elementaryschools of Ontario during the 1930s, this article will explain how teachers understoodand experienced the pedagogical and curricular changes introduced in 1937. Juxtaposingthe oral history of teachers with the evidence of documentary sources will provide a means ofcreating a more nuanced account of the unprecedented reforms that were attempted in 1930sOntario.RésuméEn 1937, avec la parution du Programme d’études pour les écoles publiques et séparées de l’Ontario,le Département de l’éducation apporta des changements sans précédent au programmed’études de la 1ère à la 6e année et à la pédagogie en vigueur dans les écoles élémentaires de laprovince. C’est à partir de témoignages recueillis auprès de 21 personnes ayant enseigné à ceniveau durant les années 1930 que nous analysons la réaction des enseignants face à ces changementsintroduits cette année-là. La comparaison de ces entretiens avec les sources documentairespermettra de nuancer davantage les résultats de ces réformes sans précédent entreprisesen Ontario à cette époque.
Les phases de l'évolution de l'Université Saint-Joseph à Beyrouth : Les premières décennies (1875-1914)
Authors: Herzstein Rafael
Published: March 2020

RÉSUMÉ :L’origine de l’Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth (USJ) remonte au Séminaire de Ghazīrfondé par les Pères jésuites en 1843. Le Collège de Ghazīr, destiné à former le clergé maronitelocal, est transféré à Beyrouth en 1875. Ce centre d’études supérieures prend le nom d’UniversitéSaint-Joseph. Le Pape Léon XIII, dans son audience du 25 février 1881, confère le titred’Université pontificale à l’USJ. L’article traite de l’histoire de l’USJ, premier grand établissementjésuite francophone de la région qui, à l’époque, porte le nom de « Syrie ». On évoqueles différentes étapes de la création de l’Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth durant la période1875 à 1914. L’objectif de cet article est de témoigner du rôle central que l’USJ a joué dans laformation des élites du pays pour la période étudiée. En effet, les anciens étudiants occupentles postes-clés et y assument des charges importantes notamment dans la fonction publique.ABSTRACT :The origins of Saint Joseph University in Beirut (SJU) go back to the seminary founded by theJesuits in Ghazīr in 1843. The Collège in Ghazīr, intended to train the local Maronite clergy,relocated to Beirut in 1875, where it took the name of Saint Joseph University. In an audienceon February 25th, 1881, Pope Leo XIII gave the USJ the status of pontifical university. This articleexamines the history of the USJ, the first large francophone Jesuit institution in the regionreferred to at the time as “Syria.” It will look at each of the different stages of the creation ofSaint Joseph University in Beirut from 1875 to 1914. The author argues that the USJ played acentral role in educating the elites of the region during that period. Students of the USJ wenton to occupy important positions, particularly in the public service.
“The students swarm to these peaceful shores in droves”: An Historical Overview of the Postwar Spring Break Phenomenon
Authors: Dawson Michael , Doiron Ashley , Gidney Catherine
Published: March 2020

AbstractDespite the cultural and economic influence of Spring Break, and the fact that it has become asignificant area of study in other fields of research such as psychology, sociology, college health,and business and marketing, historians have largely overlooked the phenomenon. This articleprovides an overview of Spring Break’s postwar history by focusing primarily upon developmentsin the American Southeast, especially Fort Lauderdale, Daytona Beach and Atlanta. Inbridging the histories of higher education and tourism we focus on three key developments:tensions between visiting students and host communities, commercialization and corporatization,and the racial dynamics of Spring Break. In our conclusion we briefly examine the phenomenonof “alternative” Spring Breaks and offer reflections on Spring Break’s overall historicalsignificance.RésuméMalgré l’influence culturelle et économique de la semaine de relâche universitaire, le « SpringBreak » et le fait que de nombreux chercheurs en psychologie, sociologie, santé des étudiantsuniversitaires, commerce et publicité s’y soient intéressés, les historiens ont négligé ce phénomène.Cet article fournit une vue d’ensemble de l’histoire de la semaine de relâche dans lapériode d’après-guerre, centrée sur le déroulement des activités dans le sud-est des États-Uniset, en particulier, Fort Lauderdale, Daytona Beach et Atlanta. Nous effectuons un rapprochemententre l’histoire de l’enseignement supérieur et celle du tourisme et nous mettonsl’accent sur trois aspects clés de l’événement : les tensions entre les étudiants en vacances et lescommunautés hôtes, la commercialisation et le corporatisme et enfin la dynamique raciale dela semaine de relâche. Dans notre conclusion, nous considérons le phénomène des semaines derelâche « alternatives » et nous réfléchissons sur l’importance historique du « Spring Break ».
Conference: Arab Women and the Environment
Authors: American University Lebanese
Published: March 2020

Conference: Arab Women and the Environment
Why Feminism
Authors: Shehadeh Dr. Lamia R.
Published: March 2020

Woman is goddess and devil . . .. She can bring man to salvation or drag him down with her to hell. On the face of it, the pedestalgutter syndrome appears to reflect views that are diametrically opposed: woman is good, woman is bad. But in fact these views represent a single attitude: woman is different.
Women in Politics
Authors: Ghurayyib Rose
Published: March 2020

In a Gallup poll organized in 1975, in the United States of America, 73 percent of the respondents said they were ready to vote for a woman candidate for the presidency. In another poll arranged by the same group, 70 percent preferred to see a larger number of women in government positions because "experience has shown that they are more patient than men, more versed in economy and less corruptible
The Effects of War in Lebanon
Authors: Nasr Julinda Abu
Published: March 2020

The Effects of War in Lebanon -  Paper presented by a Conference: Dr. Julinda Abu Nasr "Pour Le Liban"
The Pendulum
Authors: Haddad Suha Naimy
Published: March 2020

The Pendulum By Suha Naimy Haddad
Land Before Honour: Palestinian Women in the Occupied Territories, by Kitty Warnock
Authors: Abul-Husn Randa
Published: March 2020

Kitty Warnock, Land Before Honour: Women in the Occupied Territories. New York: Monthly Review Press. 1990. ISBN0-85345-810-3.
Population and the Health of the Mother and the Child in Jordan
Authors: Abul-Husn Randa
Published: March 2020

This study was presented at the Conference on Population and Basic Needs in Jordan, which took place on January 22-24, 1991. The research was conducted by a team of doctors and scholars from the Department of Gynaecology/Obstetrics of al-Bashir Hospital, the Ministry of Health, and Jordan University Hospital.
Arab Woman and the Environment: A national Conference organized by the Institute for Women's Studies in the Arab World, Beirut University College
Authors: American University Lebanese
Published: March 2020

The Institute for Women's Studies in the Arab World (IWSAW) of Beirut University College and The Frederich Ebert Foundation are sponsoring a national Conference entitled Woman and the Environment. The Conference will take place on October 8, 9, and 10, 1992, in Beirut.
Industrial Pollution, Agriculture, Farming, Water Pollution, Food, Air in Lebanon
Authors: Nasr Julinda Abu , Zankoul Rima
Published: March 2020

Abridged from "Industrial Pollution, Agriculture, Fannlng,Water Pollution, Food, Air" by Dr. Julinda Abu Nasr, the Director of the Institute for Women's studies in the Arab World and Rima Zankoul, research assistant at the Institute. The paper was presented at the Asian Women Institute's (AWI) Triennial conference, "Women and the Environment in an Age of Technology", at Kobe College, lapan, September 1991
Arab Women's Contribution to Development
Authors: American University Lebanese
Published: March 2020

The popular western media image of the typical Arab women has changed little in decades. According to the «fiction» these heavily veiled figures are seen but rarely heard as they scurry through the corridors of opulent eastern palaces. The legend records that these women have no rights and opinions.
Laila Shaheen DaCruz
Authors: Ghurayyib Rose
Published: March 2020

Laila Shaheen DaCruz was born in a happy family. Her parents had common interests. They both practiced teaching before marriage, enjoyed the company of friends and showed an interest in cultural activities beyond their school duties.
Women Groups Become More Active In Pakistan
Authors: American University Lebanese
Published: March 2020

Ever since Ms. Benazir Bhutto took over the reigns of Pakistan , women's groups have become more active in an atmosphere they find more congenial.
A Historical Overview of the Personal Status in Tunisia
Authors: American University Lebanese
Published: March 2020

In 1924 and 1929, Monoubia Ouertani, and Habiba Mencbari took the initiative to provoke the issue of removing the veil off Tunisian women. Consequently, a commotion between conservatives and reformists, nationalists and socialists, took place
Divorce
Authors: Abouzeid Lella
Published: March 2020

The emaciated young man was suffering long moments of uneasy anticipation; he did not join his colleagues in their usual chat about the issues of the hour. He tapped his pen against his desk, looked at his watch, threw the pen down, crossed his arms and laid his head on them. Finally he rose angrily and left the office.
Arab Women Poets of the Modern Period
Authors: American University Lebanese
Published: March 2020

It has been the privilege of the Institute for Women's Studies in the Arab World to have had professor Rose Ghurayyib as Editor of Al-Raida for many years. Professor Ghurayyib is a prominent writer and a well-known literary figure in the Arab world.
Women and the Media in the Arab World
Authors: Ghurayyib Rose
Published: March 2020

The term, "media", plural of "medium", is used to indicate publications or broadcasts used for communication, information and publicity. They may include a large number of literary forms such as poetry, drama, fiction, essays, research and the like, but, strictly speaking, when we discuss the media nowadays we particularly mean three powerful, modern, representative arts: journalism, radio, cinema of television.
"Together for Justice Through Education & Development Asian Women's Institute Indonesia Conference"
Authors: American University Lebanese
Published: March 2020

The Asian women's Institute (AWl), which groups nine institutes for women's studies in Asia, held in Satya Wacana Christian University Salatiga, Indonesia, a conference whose 58 participants came from the following countries: India, Pakistan, Lebanon, South Korea, Japan, Philippines, U.S.A., the Netherlands and Indonesia. They included men and women principals, presidents of colleges and universities, program directors, researchers, lecturers, professors, lawyers and other intellectuals involved in women's activities and problems in Asian countries.
Women and Art, in past and present
Authors: Ghurayyib Rose
Published: March 2020

In Arab history, we have abundant information about the arts of dancing and singing performed by women slaves who unlike free women, were allowed to appear in public unveiled. These women were bought and trained in the arts in early childhood. Those who excelled were sold for fabulous sums to caliphs and rulers in whose courts they enjoyed great influence.
Sex Tours "in the Far East"
Authors: Ghurayyib Rose
Published: March 2020

Within the period which followed the proclamation of the Philippines' independence, 1946, the country became one of the few states where a woman occupied the highest position in the Government. Corazon Aquino was elected president of the republic in 1984. If we also mention that the Philippine women include hundreds of physicians, business managers, university professors, and that they form two thirds of the law students in the country, we might conclude, from the above facts, that the Philippine woman has' achieved a high degree of freedom and modernism.
Education and Economic Needs Drive Arab Women to Join the Labour Force
Authors: Samara Maha
Published: March 2020

The Arab world at present is witnessing the emergence of a working women's force. This influx of working women came as a result of an economic need that one bread winner cannot afford anymore to feed a family composed of five to six persons, on the average.
The Children's Literature Project
Authors: American University Lebanese
Published: March 2020

In 1981, the Institute for Women's Studies in the Arab World launched the «Children's Literature Project» to train librarians, writers and illustrators of books for children between the ages of 2-12
IWSAW Regional Conference
Authors: Arasoghli Aida
Published: March 2020

IWSAW Regional Conference
Arab Feminine Literature Between 1850 and 1950
Authors: Ghurayyib Rose
Published: March 2020

The period between 1850 and 1950 covers the era of Arab Awakening; it can be broken down into two phases: the earlier one, 1850-1900, and the later one, 1900-1950. The signs of awakening were more evident in the later than in the earlier phase.
Various Poems
Authors: American University Lebanese
Published: March 2020

Various poems from Amal Saleeby, Andree Chedid and Lami'a Abbas Amara.
Egyptian and Algerian Women, the Delicate Balance Between Tradition and Modernity
Authors: Stephan Wafa
Published: March 2020

Sixty years have passed since the first Egyptian woman dared to defy tradition by removing her veil and casting it into the sea. This woman who shocked public opinion then was Huda Sha'rawi, one of the early leaders of the Women's Movement in Egypt, who formed the Union of Egyptian Women (Al Ittihad Al Nisa'i) in 1922.
First Woman TV Announcer in Saudi Arabia
Authors: American University Lebanese
Published: March 2020

In a country where women are not allowed in public without the veil and where they are mostly confined to the private sphere of the family, Salwa Shaker breaks out with traditions.
Measurement of Women's Economic Activity
Authors: American University Lebanese
Published: March 2020

This report is an attempt to summarize the issues and questions raised at a regional worl<shop sponsored by thePopulation Council and the Ford Foundation on The Problem of Measuring Female Participation in the Labour Forcein the Arab World".
Andree Chedid talks about love, Power and Violence
Authors: Stephan Wafa
Published: March 2020

Andree Chedid talks about love, Power and Violence
Sexual Behavior in an Islamic, Dependent, Capitalist Society
Authors: Mernissi Fatima
Published: March 2020

The author of this book, Fatima Mernissi is a Moroccan sociologist, university professor and writer. She is the author of Beyond the Veil, a dynamic work on woman's position in Islamic society, its present degradation and the inevitability of change.
Women and Science at BUC
Authors: Khoury Nada
Published: March 2020

Women to-day don't need to be encouraged to take science; they are doing it by their own choice. One does not gain a knowledge of science merely by attending math and science courses. He or she gains it by developing a spirit of scientificcuriosity, rational thinking, objectivity, truthfulness and readiness to acknowledge one's mistakes.
Using the Experience of Other Countries in Development Projects Related to Family Planning
Authors: Duza Asfia
Published: March 2020

Excerpts from an article by Asfia Duza, on "Women's Involvement in Socio-economic Projects Related to Family Planning", published in Population Studies, Op. Ci t. p. 3-27
Major Issues on the Status of Women in Turkey
Authors: Kandiyoti Dr. Deniz
Published: March 2020

The report prepared in 88 pages on the abovementionedseminar serves to show three important facts.
Is Teaching in Algeria an Ideal Female Profession?
Authors: Guerroudj Zineb
Published: March 2020

Abstract 01 a study prepared by Zineb Guerroodj, as arequirement fOf the " DipiOme d'eludes approlondies'" University of Oran, Algeria, 1979.
Access of Arab Women to Higher Education
Authors: Leasor Jane
Published: March 2020

Monographs of the Institute for Women 's Studies in the ArabWorld , No.2, Arab Women and Education, Part I: «Access ofArab Women to Higher Education» by Edith A.S. Hanania, Beirut 1980.
Progress Reports
Authors: American University Lebanese
Published: March 2020

Progress Reports
Traditional Family Relations in the Arab World
Authors: American University Lebanese
Published: March 2020

In the absence of a national feeling and national unity in a country, the family tends to form a state within a state and to build its own prestige at the expense of that of the legal authority. A s.uccessful democracy has its basis in a democratic family. People who practice democratic behavior intheir own homes are prone to practice it with their fellow citizens.
Career Education For Asian Women
Authors: Santamaria Mrs.
Published: March 2020

The term ',career education" is a very recent one; it has only been used since 1971, hence it is an evolving concept which may embrace more than one definition. The easiest way to clarify this concept is probably to define what it is not.
Economic Commission For Western Asia
Authors: American University Lebanese
Published: March 2020

The regional Preparatory Meeting for the World Conference of the U. N. Decade for Women, 1980, held in Damascus, 10-13 December, 1979, grouped besides representatives of Arab countries enrolled as members of ECWA, those of Arab League organizations, U. N. organizations and specialized agencies; also members of the Center for Social Development and Humanitarian Affairs, those of the "Secretariat of World Conference of the U.N. for Women 1980," and of the ECWA personnel.
Alarming Facts on Population Growth in Arab Countries
Authors: American University Lebanese
Published: March 2020

"The Population of the Arab World is growing at an alarming three percent a year and, at the present rate, will double in about 20 years." There are at present more than 150 million Arabs spread out over 21 independent Arab countries. This number is expected to reach about 300 million in the year 2000.
Cultural Values and Population Action Programs in Turkey
Authors: Kagistcibasi Dr. Cigdem
Published: March 2020

Readers will not:ce a striking similarity between Turkey and the Arab World regarding cultural values and problems of social change generally faced by Eastern countries nowadays. It is this similarity which has induced us to condense this valuable report in the following pages.
Environmental and Economic Condions of Arab Children: Health, Social & Educational Needs
Authors: American University Lebanese
Published: March 2020

It is a plain fact that children's conditions and needs in Arab countries are greatly affected by social and political conditions. Population increase at an annual rate of 3% impedes all efforts for economic development and implementation of public services.
The Image of Women in Lebanese Arabic Textbooks
Authors: Kallab Dr. Ilham
Published: March 2020

• IN A RIGID, NON-PROGRESSIVE SYSTEM OF EDUCATION, THE TEXTBOOK, INSTEAD OF DEVELOPING THE CHILD'S INTELLECTUAL AND EMOTIONAL POWERS, CONTRIBUTES TOCREATE IN HIM A STATE OF DULLNESS AND INIERTIA .• IN WRITING A TEXTBOOK, THE CHILD'S OWN VISION OF HIS WORLD SHOULD BE CONSIDERED BEFORE OUR OWN VISION OF IT.
Children's Literature as a Means of Promoting Intercultural Understanding
Authors: American University Lebanese
Published: March 2020

A seminar on "International Perspectives in Literature for Children and Young People" was held in Denmark, August 29-September 2, 1977, by the Danish National Commission for Unesco.