bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tensions in the transition: The politics of electricity distribution in South Africa
Authors: Baker Lucy , Phillips Jon
Published: June 2018

This paper argues that the distribution of electricity represents an important yet neglected aspect of the politics of energy transitions. In recent years, South Africa’s electricity sector has seen the introduction of new actors and technologies, including the ‘prosumer’ (producer–consumer) of electricity and small-scale embedded generation from roof-top solar photovoltaics. We analyse these recent developments in historical context and consider implications for contemporary planning, regulation and ownership of electricity. We find that the reconfiguration of electricity distribution faces significant political and economic challenges that are rooted in the country’s socio-economic and racial inequalities and its heavy dependence on coal-fired power. First small-scale embedded generation offers potential opportunities for affordable, decentralised, low-carbon energy, yet disruption to the coal-powered electric grid and the monopoly of South Africa’s electricity utility has been minimal to date. Second, small-scale embedded generation creates tensions between equitable and low-carbon energy transitions and threatens critical revenue from the country’s wealthy consumers that cross-subsidises electricity services for the poor and other municipal public services. Third, the South African experience queries common assumptions about the democratic potential of decentralised governance. Fourth, South Africa provides insights of global significance into how political institutions have responded to social and technological drivers of change, in a context where planning and regulation have followed rather than led infrastructural developments. While energy policy remains unresponsive or resistant to social and technological change, there remain significant political, economic, technical and regulatory challenges to a just and inclusive energy transition.
On the grounds of the global Indian: Tracing the disjunctive spaces between diaspora and the nation-state
Authors: Ashutosh Ishan
Published: June 2018

This article assesses the shifting relations between diasporas and nation-states through an ethnography of the affective dimensions contained in the figure of the “global Indian.” This new subject refers to the integration of elite segments of the Indian diaspora for state projects of economic liberalization and Hindu populism. Drawing on fieldwork in Toronto, I argue that the global Indian’s production is rife with contesting claims over the nation. Rather than integration, a new disjunctive bordering of national identity and belonging between homeland and diaspora space have emerged. This argument is developed by first emphasizing ethnography’s importance in illuminating the everyday lives of diasporic subjects, before turning to the geographies of distance and proximity between India and the Indian diaspora. The majority of the article uncovers the grounds of the global Indian through the narratives of diasporic subjects. Their narratives speak to the contested terrain of membership that lurks below the official discourse on diaspora strategies.
One-way true-amplitude migration using matrix decomposition
Authors: You Jiachun , Wu Ru-Shan , Liu Xuewei
Published: June 2018

To meet the requirement of true-amplitude migration and address the shortcomings of the classic one-way wave equations on the dynamic imaging, one-way true-amplitude wave equations were developed. Migration methods, based on the Taylor or other series approximation theory, are introduced to solve the one-way true-amplitude wave equations. This leads to the main weakness of one-way true-amplitude migration for imaging the complex or strong velocity — contrast media — the limited imaging angles. To deal with this issue, we apply a matrix decomposition method to accurately calculate the square-root operator and impose the boundary conditions of the one-way true-amplitude wave equations. Our migration method and the conventional one-way true-amplitude Fourier finite-difference (FFD) migration method are used by us to test and compare the imaging performance. The impulse responses in a strong velocity-contrast model prove that our migration method works for larger imaging angles than the one-way true-amplitude FFD method. The amplitude calculations in a strong-lateral velocity variation media with one reflector and in the Marmousi model demonstrate that our migration method provides better amplitude-preserving performance and offers higher structural imaging quality than the one-way true-amplitude FFD method. We also use field data to indicate the imaging enhancement and the feasibility of our method compared with the one-way true-amplitude FFD method. Our one-way true-amplitude migration method using matrix decomposition fully exploits the features of one-way true-amplitude wave equations with less approximation, and it is capable of producing more accurate amplitude estimations and potentially wider imaging angles.
Young’s modulus variation with azimuth for fracture-orientation estimation
Authors: Zong Zhaoyun , Sun Qianhao , Li Chunpeng , Yin Xingyao
Published: June 2018

This study focuses on developing a pragmatic and robust method in the estimation of fracture orientation assuming a single set of aligned fractures. The Young’s modulus in the direction of fracture orientation is larger than that in the perpendicular direction that helps to solve the problem of the ambiguity in fracture-orientation estimation existing in the method of using the variation of amplitude-variation-with-offset (AVO) gradients with azimuth. First, the relationship between the Young’s modulus and fracture density and orientation is analyzed. The Young’s modulus changes regularly with the variation of incident angles and azimuth, and the changing track is a cosine curve when the incident angle is fixed. The variation of the Young’s modulus increases with the increase of fracture density. Second, we use the Young’s modulus variation with azimuth to predict the fracture orientation. The Young’s modulus inversion algorithm for different azimuths of prestack seismic data and the ellipse fitting of the Young’s moduli in different azimuth with the least-squares algorithm are included in this proposed approach. Finally, we determine the advantage and robustness of our method in fracture-orientation estimation with synthetic and real-data examples. Compared with the conventional methods using AVO gradients, the direction of longer axis of the fitting ellipse of the Young’s modulus in different azimuth indicates the fracture orientation without ambiguity.
Economics of the Pharmaceutical Industry
Authors: Lakdawalla Darius N.
Published: June 2018

The pharmaceutical industry accounts for a substantial chunk of the US economy's research and development investments, which have resulted in significant medical breakthroughs. At the same time, the costs of pharmaceutical products continue to rise, as does pressure to adopt direct or indirect controls on pharmaceutical prices. We review the economics literature on the pharmaceutical industry, focusing particularly on its positive and normative implications for the innovation, pricing, and marketing decisions of pharmaceutical firms. We discuss the major achievements of, and persistent gaps in, the literature, along with lessons for policy. (JEL I11, L11, L65, M31, M37, O31, O34)
Recent advances in cancer outcomes in HIV-positive smokers
Authors: Ranjit Sabina , Kumar Santosh
Published: June 2018

HIV-infected smokers are at relatively higher risk of cancer than HIV-infected non-smokers. HIV weakens the immune system and renders infected individuals more vulnerable to the carcinogenic effects of smoking. HIV-infected smokers suffer more aggressive forms of cancers than do non-smokers because of the cumulative effects of the virus and cigarette smoke carcinogens. The major types of cancer observed in HIV-infected smokers are lung, head and neck, esophageal, anal, and cervical cancers. In this review, we will discuss the recent advances in cancer outcomes, primarily in terms of cancer incidence, prevalence, and progression in HIV patients who are smokers.
Automating the PathLinker app for Cytoscape
Authors: Huang Li Jun , Law Jeffrey N. , Murali T. M.
Published: June 2018

PathLinker is a graph-theoretic algorithm originally developed to reconstruct the interactions in a signaling pathway of interest. It efficiently computes multiple short paths within a background protein interaction network from the receptors to transcription factors (TFs) in a pathway. Since December 2015, PathLinker has been available as an app for Cytoscape. This paper describes how we automated the app to use the CyRest infrastructure and how users can incorporate PathLinker into their software pipelines.
Una exploración reciente a la demanda por dinero en Colombia bajo un enfoque no lineal
Authors: Ordoñez-Callamand Daniel , Melo-Velandia Luis Fernando , Parra-Amado Daniel
Published: June 2018

El artículo explora la estimación de una función de demanda por dinero tradicional para la economía colombiana para el periodo 1984-2016. Se utiliza un modelo de cointegración bajo un enfoque no lineal, como el propuesto por Saikkonen y Choi (2004), el cual permitió encontrar dos regímenes extremos para la economía colombiana y con ello caracterizar el problema de inestabilidad de la demanda por dinero. Las estimaciones muestran la presencia de una relación de largo plazo entre los precios, el ingreso, la tasa de interés y la demanda de dinero. Los coeficientes ajustados son significativos y los signos de cada uno de ellos resultaron como lo esperado en la teoría económica. En particular, las semielasticidades respecto a la tasa de interés se situaron entre -0,005 y -0,983, mientras que las elasticidades ingreso encontradas oscilaron entre 1,967 y 3,006. La evidencia estadística sobre la homogeneidad de grado uno de la demanda por dinero respecto a los precios resultó ambigua.
Physiological and Subjective Responses Associated to Physical and Mental Load in a Simulated Task
Authors: Hernández Arellano Juan Luis , Maldonado Macías Aidé Aracely , Balderrama Armendáriz César Omar
Published: June 2018

Introduction: the objective is to develop a quasi-experimental study to know the changes in physiological responses and perceived efforts of a group of fifteen healthy students that performed a simulated task related with the operation of a CNC lathe in a lab environment. Materials and methods: The participants were asked to randomly complete a total of eight sessions including single and combined test of physical and mental load. Low/High Physical Load and Low/High Mental Load were established as independent variables. Heart rate, physical performance, mental performance, and effort perception were established as dependent variables. Conclusions: High load levels have a significant effect on the heart rate increasing, but not in the perception of effort. High levels of mental load have a significant effect on physical and mental performance.
Determinación de rangos de movimiento del miembro superior en una muestra de estudiantes universitarios mexicanos
Authors: Peña Ayala Laura Esmeralda , Gómez Bull Karla Gabriela , Vargas Salgado María Marisela , Ibarra Mejía Gabriel , Máynez Guaderrama Aurora Irma
Published: June 2018

Introducción: esta investigación se realizó en la Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, en la División Multidisciplinaria de la Ciudad Universitaria, con una muestra de estudiantes del programa de Ingeniería Industrial y de Sistemas. Su objetivo fue crear una base de datos que contuviera información sobre los rangos de movimientos (ROMS) del miembro superior de una muestra de jóvenes estudiantes. Materiales y métodos: Se utilizó un inclinómetro de burbuja marca Baseline® y el kit antropométrico Rosscraft®. El diseño de la investigación fue de tipo descriptivo, cuantitativo y transversal, y se tomó una muestra de 50 estudiantes; la determinación de los ROMS consistió en medir a cada uno de los participantes para, posteriormente, capturar y analizar los datos a través del software Minitab17®, para determinar medidas de tendencia central y la existencia de diferencia signi cativa entre los ROMS de hombres y mujeres. Resultados: Se determinó el límite de rango de movimiento para las articulaciones del codo, hombro, muñeca y antebrazo, encontrando que no existe evidencia de diferencia signi cativa entre los ROMS de los hombres y las mujeres del estudio, a excepción de la abducción en el hombro derecho. Discusión: Los datos recopilados en esta investigación pueden ser utilizados para el diseño de áreas de trabajo que se adecúen a las necesidades del usuario, de forma que se evite la presencia de lesiones músculo-esqueléticas y se logre la reducción de la fatiga física en los trabajadores.
Evaluación clínica de la inestabilidad segmental lumbar en población trabajadora
Authors: Trillos María Constanza , Tolosa-Guzmán Ingrid , Perdomo Mónica
Published: June 2018

Introducción: en la literatura existen estudios que determinan que, al menos una vez en su vida, el 70 % u 80 % de la población ha presentado dolor lumbar inespecífico, generando un impacto en el sistema de seguridad social por su alta implicación en costos de tratamientos, incapacidades y ausentismo laboral. Debido a su comportamiento cíclico, cerca del 90 % de los diagnósticos son clasificados como inespecíficos; sin embargo no se cuenta con instrumentos evaluativos que permitan realizar diagnósticos diferenciales e identificar las de ciencias estructurales y funcionales. Objetivo: diseñar un instrumento que permita identificar las de ciencias estructurales y funcionales en inestabilidades segmentales de la columna lumbar. Materiales y métodos: este estudio fue desarrollado mediantes cinco fases: revisión de la literatura, propuesta de la herramienta de examinación, consenso de expertos, prueba piloto y aplicación a 17 trabajadores del sector de servicios generales. Resultados: el instrumento contó con un componente subjetivo y uno objetivo. Los resultados de las pruebas de estabilidad postero-anterior determinaron que el 29 % de los trabajadores presentaron de ciencias tanto funcionales como estructurales; la prueba de estabilidad en prono fue positiva en el 18 % de los casos, aunque fueron asintomáticos en el componente subjetivo. Conclusiones: desde la ergonomía es importante contemplar evaluaciones del trabajador, que integren la valoración de de ciencias funcionales y estructurales para fines preventivos del desorden musculosqueletico y rehabilitación funcional laboral.
Taking a case study approach to assessing alternative leadership models in health care
Authors: Harris Jonathan , Mayo Paula
Published: June 2018

Good leadership is essential to patient-centred care and staff satisfaction in the healthcare environment. All members of the healthcare team can be leaders and evidence-based theory should inform their leadership practice. This article uses a case study approach to critically evaluate leadership as exercised by a charge nurse and a student nurse in a clinical scenario. Ineffective leadership styles are identified and alternatives proposed; considerable attention is given to critiquing both ‘heroic’ and ‘post-heroic’ transformational leadership theories. The concept of power will also be discussed, as power and leadership are closely related, and the importance of empowering members of the healthcare team through altering organisational structure is emphasised. This article advocates leadership that encourages innovation, enhances patient-centred care, encourages excellence and has ethical integrity. Recommendations of appropriate models of leadership are provided, while existing gaps in the healthcare leadership literature are highlighted.
International Nurses Day: cause for celebration
Authors: Rosser Elizabeth
Published: June 2018

Elizabeth Rosser, Acting Executive Dean, Bournemouth University, reflects on a symbolic moment in the nursing year and the progress made by nurses
Authorising the deprivation of liberty of a minor
Authors: Griffith Richard
Published: June 2018

Richard Griffith, Senior Lecturer in Health Law at Swansea University, considers recent case law developments relating to the deprivation of a minor's liberty in hospital and other care settings
Tragic failures in learning disability healthcare provision
Authors: Tingle John
Published: June 2018

John Tingle, Associate Professor (Teaching and Scholarship), Nottingham Trent University, discusses some recent reports highlighting major failings in healthcare provision for people with learning disabilities
Communication skills count
Authors: Davies Jeremy
Published: June 2018

Jeremy Davies, Student Nurse at the University of Salford, reflects on both positive and negative forms of communication and what can be learnt from them
Primary and secondary care integration in delivery of value-based health-care systems
Authors: Bains Manpreet , Warriner David , Behrendt Katja
Published: June 2018

The Five Year Forward View ( NHS England, 2014 ) endorses outcomes-based approaches and integrated care systems. This article looks at the role and functions of hospitals in value-based health-care systems, following Porter's value-based health-care framework. Changes will be required not only in the way health care is organized within a hospital in the form of so-called integrated practice units, but more importantly primary and secondary care will have to work together to realize value for patients across the health-care pathway and system. It will be necessary to build an enabling IT platform that facilitates an integrated dataset across primary and secondary care to measure outcomes and costs across patient pathways. Finally, new payment models will be required to remove current barriers and allow clinicians to do the right things for their patients without organizations being penalized. The final section describes current maturity of the system, opportunities and challenges in the UK.
Value-based surgical care: a view from the surgeon's knife
Authors: Murray Alice CA
Published: June 2018

NHS trusts across the country are facing unprecedented financial pressures, along with rising levels of demand and widespread variation in surgical quality and cost. There is a moral and financial imperative to provide the most efficient use of resources in order to ensure sustainability of a system that is free at the point of use, and provide consistently high-value care for patients across the country. Delivering ‘value’ does not mean any reduction in the quality of care – it means achieving the same or higher quality at the same or lower cost.

Avoidable and costly incidents in surgery occur every day: patients do not receive the right care, procedures or tests are performed without real benefit, complications lead to prolonged hospital stays, to readmissions and re-interventions. Put simply: poor quality surgical care is expensive.

The concept of value-based health care is well known in the UK, yet its principles are not yet fully embedded in the health-care system, surgical training or practice. The shift towards better value-based care with a focus on delivery system reform (Getting It Right First Time), outcomes-based commissioning and payment reform (accountable care systems and integrated care systems) provides an opportunity to make significant improvements in surgical care.

Radical and immediate change is required, and everyone, from trainees at the frontline, to clinical leaders, trust chief executives, local commissioners and policy-makers, has vital roles to play. The health-care system needs to be designed, organized and paid for differently to deliver better surgical value for patients.
On foreign soil: anaesthetists at the surgical multidisciplinary team meeting
Authors: Timbrell David , Prabhu Pradeep
Published: June 2018

Decision making through multidisciplinary teams offers an opportunity to improve perioperative care for high-risk surgical patients. While multidisciplinary team decision making is commonplace in the NHS, involvement of perioperative physicians including anaesthetists and intensivists in this process is not well established. This article presents an exemplar of anaesthetic and intensivist involvement in a joint perioperative upper gastrointestinal cancer multidisciplinary team meeting at the Royal Surrey County Hospital in Guildford, UK. It is hoped that this model example and critical analysis will assist others who are interested in improving perioperative shared decision making in their units.
All about … EYFS documents
Authors: Rawstrone Annette
Published: June 2018

While many are calling for EYFS guidance to be updated, others believe now is not the right time to do so. Annette Rawstrone unpicks the arguments from sector experts
Get in line?
Authors: Russell Meredith Jones
Published: June 2018

Evidence is growing for an experiential approach and a broader curriculum to be adopted for maths teaching in the early years, reports Meredith Jones Russell
Trinitarian Inseparable Operations and the Incarnation
Authors: Vidu Adonis
Published: June 2018

The present article argues that the doctrine of the inseparable external operations (opera ad extra, hereafter OAE) of the Trinity is consistent with the doctrine of the incarnation of the Son alone. To demonstrate this, it will be shown, first, that the assumption of human nature can be ascribed to the Son alone when taken as a state, as opposed to an action. Secondly, I will defend John Owen’s claim that the Son is not the “immediate” agent of Christ’s actions. Finally, an appeal is made to Trinitarian “missions” to show the coherence of OAE with our having communion with distinct divine persons.
The God of the Gaps, Natural Theology, and Intelligent Design
Authors: Kojonen Erkki V. R.
Published: June 2018

The “God of the gaps” critique is one of the most common arguments against design arguments in biology, but is also increasingly used as a critique of other natural theological arguments. In this paper, I analyze four different critiques of God of the gaps arguments and explore the relationship between gaps arguments and similar limit arguments. I conclude that the critique of the God of the gaps is substantially weaker than is commonly assumed, and dismissing ID´s biological arguments should rather be based on criticizing the premises of these arguments.
Knowing God Liturgically
Authors: Wolterstorff Nicholas
Published: June 2018

In this essay I develop the thesis that one way in which a person can come to know God is by learning to participate in Christian liturgical enactments. After analyzing some ordinary examples of practical knowledge yielding knowledge of things or substances, I turn to the knowledge of God yielded by the acquisition of practical liturgical knowledge. Pervasive in Christian liturgical enactments is address to God. So, while acknowledging that one can come to know God liturgically by listening to the reading of Scripture and to the sermon, I focus on coming to know God by learning to address God in certain ways. I argue that it is especially by what one takes for granted when addressing God, and by the addressee-identification terms that one learns to employ, that one comes to know God by learning the Christian practice of addressing God.
Identical Legal Entities and the Trinity: Relative-Social Trinitarianism
Authors: Goetz James
Published: June 2018

Goetz outlined legal models of identical entities that include natural persons who are identical to a coregency and natural persons who are identical to a general partnership. Those entities cohere with the formula logic of relative identity. This essay outlines the coexistence of relative identity and numerical identity in the models of identical legal entities, which is an account of impure relative identity. These models support the synthesis of Relative Trinitarianism and Social Trinitarianism, which I call Relative-Social Trinitarianism.
Orthodoxy and Incarnation: A Reply to Mullins
Authors: Flint Thomas P.
Published: June 2018

R. T. Mullins’s “Flint’s Molinism and the Incarnation is too Radical,” published by this journal in 2015, attempts to summarize some speculations I have offered regarding Christology and eschatology, to show that these speculations are independently implausible, and to demonstrate that they are at odds with the pronouncements of the Fifth Ecumenical Council and hence incompatible with orthodox Christianity.  In this reply, I argue that Mullins’s essay fails in all three of these endeavors: its summaries are inaccurate, its arguments for implausibility are unconvincing, and its ascriptions of heresy are baseless.
Purgatory Puzzles: Moral Perfection and the Parousia
Authors: Turner, Jr. James T.
Published: June 2018

My argument proceeds in two stages. In §I, I sum up the intuitions of a popular argument for 'satisfaction accounts' of Purgatory that I label, TAP. I then offer an argument, taken from a few standard orthodox Christian beliefs and (at least) one axiom of Christian theology, to so show that TAP is unsound. In the same section, I entertain some plausible responses to my argument that are prima facie consistent with these beliefs and axiom. I find these responses wanting. In §II, I offer a sorites problem for TAP, given the orthodox Christian understanding of Christ’s parousia, showing that TAP and the intuitions driving it are faulty. To attempt something of a corrective, I end by offering some modest theological suggestions for thinking through “the logic of total transformation.”
How Modern Biological Taxonomy Sheds Light on the Incarnation
Authors: Dumsday Travis
Published: June 2018

One question asked repeatedly in the history of Christology is the following: given that the incarnation was God’s chosen method of redeeming us, why did God become human by the cooperation of the Blessed Virgin Mary?  Why not just create a human body and soul ex nihilo and simultaneously with that creation have God the Son assume this new instance of human nature?  In answer, Augustine for instance (De Trinitate, bk. 13, ch. 18) argues that the latter option would have been a legitimate means of incarnation, but that it was not as fitting as the method actually employed.  Aquinas agrees (Summa Theologica IIIa, q. 4, art. 6).  By contrast, John of Damascus (De Fide Orthodoxa, bk. 3, ch. 12) seems to think that the ex nihilo option would not have constituted a genuine assumption of human nature, such that redemption required the cooperation of the Theotokos.  I argue that insights provided by contemporary biology support St. John’s perspective, insofar as modern biological taxonomy suggests that lineal descent is a necessary condition for belonging to a species.  As such, to take on a genuinely human nature God had to enter into the existing human lineage; creating a new ‘human’body and soul ex nihilo would not have sufficed.
Attending to the Theology of the Story of Adam and Eve
Authors: Torrance Andrew
Published: June 2018

In response to Hud Hudson's The Fall and Hypertime, I raise the question as to whether it is constructive to to use the story of Adam, Eve, and the Fall to make a specific apologetic point that draws attention to a reading of the story that we would not otherwise want to affirm?
Social Trinitarianism Unscathed
Authors: Davis Stephen T. , Yang Eric T.
Published: June 2018

Social Trinitarianism (ST) is a family of views that bear some resemblance to each other in a way that distinguishes them from other Trinitarian accounts.  In this paper, we address recent objections by Carl Mosser against ST, objections which have not received much attention by defenders of ST.  Mosser claims that proponents of ST offer a narrative that is historically inaccurate, employs concepts of personhood and perichoresis that are incompatible, upholds dubious hermeneutical assumptions, and is unable to preclude Mormon theology within its fold.  We argue that all four criticisms fail, especially for a specific version of ST:  Perichoretic Monotheism.
Metaphysics, Science, and Religion: A Response to Hud Hudson
Authors: Deng Natalja
Published: June 2018

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Andrei A. Buckareff and Yujin Nagasawa, eds. Alternative Concepts of God: Essays on the Metaphysics of the Divine
Authors: Diller Jeanine
Published: June 2018

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Adam Green and Eleonore Stump, eds. Hidden Divinity and Religious Belief: New Perspectives
Authors: Dumsday Travis
Published: June 2018

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Thomas H. McCall. An Invitation to Analytic Christian Theology
Authors: Inman Ross D.
Published: June 2018

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Nicholas Wolterstorff. The God We Worship: An Exploration of Liturgical Theology
Authors: Warren Jonathan
Published: June 2018

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Joshua Farris and Charles Taliaferro. The Ashgate Research Companion to Theological Anthropology
Authors: Wong Kevin W.
Published: June 2018

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DIÁLOGO Y EMPATÍA EN ESTUDIANTES DE 10 A 14 AÑOS
Authors: De la Caba Collado María Ángeles , López Atxurra Rafael
Published: June 2018

INTRODUCCIÓN. Saber dialogar es una competencia compleja, que es clave tanto para el desarrollo cognitivo y afectivo como para la convivencia democrática en una sociedad culturalmente diversa. MÉTODO. Este trabajo se plantea con tres objetivos: 1) examinar la estructura factorial y fiabilidad de un cuestionario para la evaluación de habilidades de diálogo en estudiantes de10 a 14 años; 2) analizar si el alumnado de secundaria muestra niveles más altos de habilidad para dialogar en comparación con primaria y ver si aparece un patrón diferencial entre hombres y mujeres; 3) analizar las posibles correlaciones entre dimensiones de diálogo y empatía. Los participantes en el estudio fueron 434 estudiantes del último ciclo de primaria (223) y primerciclo de secundaria (211), de 6 centros educativos de la Comunidad Autónoma Vasca. Como instrumentos se emplearon la escala de empatía, en su versión para estudiantes, de Eisenberg y colaboradores y un cuestionario para evaluar habilidades de diálogo, construido ad hoc por el equipo investigador. RESULTADOS. El análisis factorial exploratorio permitió identificar tresfactores en el cuestionario de habilidades de diálogo: 1) facilitación de la comprensión del mensaje, 2) reconocimiento y búsqueda de colaboración en la interacción y 3) cortesía-descortesía. Los análisis de varianza de dos factores —género y etapa— mostraron un perfil diferencial del género, especialmente en los cursos de secundaria, con puntuaciones más altas en las mujeres en el segundo factor. Asimismo, se encontraron correlaciones positivas con empatía en los dos primeros factores de diálogo. DISCUSIÓN. Queda patente la necesidad de entrenamiento educativo. Por un lado, las diferencias fueron especialmente relevantes en aquellos aspectos básicos más relacionados con las habilidades de diálogo que implican reconocimiento y empatía, particularmenteen secundaria. Por otro lado, no se encontraron diferencias significativas en habilidades complejas de colaboración en el diálogo, en donde las puntuaciones fueron particularmente bajas.
Use of Health Insurance Among Clients Seeking Contraceptive Services at Title X–Funded Facilities in 2016
Authors: Kavanaugh Megan L. , Zolna Mia R. , Burke Kristen L.
Published: June 2018

CONTEXT

As federal initiatives aim to fundamentally alter or dismantle the Affordable Care Act (ACA), evidence regarding the use of insurance among clients obtaining contraceptive care at Title X–funded facilities under ACA guidelines is essential to understanding what is at stake.

METHODS

A nationally representative sample of 2,911 clients seeking contraceptive care at 43 Title X–funded sites in 2016 completed a survey assessing their characteristics and insurance coverage and use. Chi‐square tests for independence with adjustments for the sampling design were conducted to determine differences in insurance coverage and use across demographic characteristics and facility types.

RESULTS

Most clients (71%) had some form of public or private health insurance, and most of these (83%) planned to use it to pay for their services. Foreign‐born clients were less likely than U.S.‐born clients to have coverage (46% vs. 75%) and to use it (78% vs. 85%). Clients with private insurance were less likely than those with public insurance to plan to use their insurance (75% vs. 91%). More than one‐quarter of clients not planning to use existing insurance for services indicated that the reason was that someone might find out.

CONCLUSION

Coverage gaps persist among individuals seeking contraceptive care within the Title X network, despite evidence indicating increases in health insurance coverage among this population since implementation of the ACA. Future research should explore the impact of altering or eliminating the ACA both on the Title X provider network and on the individuals who rely on it.
Hollowed-out genring as a way of purposefully embracing troublesome knowledge: Orientation and de-orientation in the learning and teaching of fine art
Authors: Camp Shaun , Foster Karl
Published: June 2018

This text emerges from ongoing research focused on pedagogical developments within the curriculum of the Year 0 Fine Art pathway at Norwich University of the Arts. Within the teaching and learning of Fine Art, students will work between both written and visual genres, often struggling to rationalize the two. As part of our research, we have developed practice-based research tasks that work in parallel to the traditional academic essay, an a-typical visual genre of equal status. We believe that through such dual genring, a more appropriate and wider range of resources will, over time, begin to work symbiotically with the essay. The research tasks serve as destabilizing prompts; they constitute a hollowed-out genre that encourages students to enter into a de-orientated, liminal, conceptual space within their learning. With the introduction of specifically developed reflective models, students are able to navigate this liminal space and are afforded opportunities for developmental reorientations to the threshold concepts inherent with the Fine Art discipline. Drawing upon examples of current practice and student learning, we demonstrate how a process of genring and the use of reflective tools encourage students to both confront aspects of troublesome knowledge and see critical writing as an important facet of their practice.
Pattern and frequency of pediatric congenital heart disease at the Cardiac Research Institute of Kabul Medical University, Afghanistan
Authors: Sharifi Abdul Muhib
Published: June 2018

Background Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common birth defect, with incidence of 0.7-0.9 live birth; it increases to 2-6% if first degree relative is affected. In Afghanistan majority of births take place at home and routine screening of neonates is not common, so true birth prevalence of CHD cannot be possibly calculated. Therefore, true prevalence of CHD in our population is unknown.

Objective To verify the current pattern and frequency distribution of congenital heart disease (CHD) at the Cardiac Research Institute of Kabul Medical University.

Methods  This retrospective study was conducted in children aged 0-14 years, who underwent echocardiography for possible congenital heart disease from January 2015 to December 2016.

Results  Of 560 patients who underwent echocardiography, 392(70%) had cardiac lesions. Congenital cardiac lesions were found in 235 (60% of those with lesions) patients, while 157 (40%) patients had rheumatic heart disease. Patients with CHD were further subdivided into acyanotic and cyanotic groups. The majority of acyanotic group had isolated atrial septal defect (55%) while the most common lesion in the cyanotic group was Tetralogy of Fallot (42%).

Conclusion Congenital heart defects are the most common heart disease in the pediatric population presenting at the Cardiac Research Institute of Kabul Medical University. Atrial septal defect (ASD) was the most common acyanotic defect, while Tetralogy of Fallot (ToF) is the most common cyanotic defect.
Ultraviolet-related ocular problems in children living on the coast of Southwest Sumba, Indonesia
Authors: Sitompul Ratna , Sitorus Rita , Barliana Julie , Andrisa Rossalyn , Prakoso Budiman , Daniel Hisar , Kusumowidagdo Gladys , Sungkar Saleha
Published: June 2018

Background A previous study has shown a high proportion of visual impairment and blindness in the adults of Southwest Sumba, Indonesia due to ultraviolet-radiation (UVR)- related ocular problems, such as cataract and pterygium. Currently, there is no data regarding the effect of ultraviolet (UV) exposure on children and its future implications.

Objective To seek the predisposing factors of UVR ocular problems in the children of Southwest Sumba.

Methods A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Perokonda Village, Southwest Sumba in May 2017. A total of 337 children <16 years old were examined for ocular problems by ophthalmologists. Subjects with ocular problems were then treated accordingly.

Results Visual acuity was normal in 98.2% of subjects. Visual impairment and blindness were found in 1.2% and 0.3% of subjects, respectively. Ocular problems were found in 38%, consisting of conjunctival pigment deposits (60.2%), pinguecula (15.6%), and pterygium (13.3%). The UVR ocular problems constituted 33.8% of all ocular problems, comprising conjunctival pigment deposits (22.8%), pinguecula (6%), and pterygium (5%).

Conclusion The proportion of UVR ocular problems in the children of Perokonda village is 34.5%, the most common of which being conjunctival pigment deposits. Such deposits may be early signs of UVR ocular problems. This study serves as a platform to highlight the possible relationship between pigment deposits and future UVR ocular problems, which warrants further study.
Improved selectivity estimation by combining knowledge from sampling and synopses
Authors: Müller Magnus , Moerkotte Guido , Kolb Oliver
Published: June 2018

Estimating selectivities remains a critical task in query processing. Optimizers rely on the accuracy of selectivities when generating execution plans and, in approximate query answering, estimated selectivities affect the quality of the result. Many systems maintain synopses, e.g., histograms, and, in addition, provide sampling facilities. In this paper, we present a novel approach to combine knowledge from synopses and sampling for the purpose of selectivity estimation for conjunctive queries. We first show how to extract information from synopses and sampling such that they are mutually consistent. In a second step, we show how to combine them and decide on an admissible selectivity estimate. We compare our approach to state-of-the-art methods and evaluate the strengths and limitations of each approach.
Morton filters
Authors: Breslow Alex D. , Jayasena Nuwan S.
Published: June 2018

Approximate set membership data structures (ASMDSs) are ubiquitous in computing. They trade a tunable, often small, error rate (
ϵ
) for large space savings. The canonical ASMDS is the Bloom filter, which supports lookups and insertions but not deletions in its simplest form. Cuckoo filters (CFs), a recently proposed class of ASMDSs, add deletion support and often use fewer bits per item for equal
ϵ
.

This work introduces the Morton filter (MF), a novel AS-MDS that introduces several key improvements to CFs. Like CFs, MFs support lookups, insertions, and deletions, but improve their respective throughputs by 1.3x to 2.5x, 0.9x to 15.5x, and 1.3x to 1.6x. MFs achieve these improvements by (1) introducing a compressed format that permits a logically sparse filter to be stored compactly in memory, (2) leveraging succinct embedded metadata to prune unnecessary memory accesses, and (3) heavily biasing insertions to use a single hash function. With these optimizations, lookups, insertions, and deletions often only require accessing a single hardware cache line from the filter. These improvements are not at a loss in space efficiency, as MFs typically use comparable to slightly less space than CFs for the same
epsis;
.
Influence of grain direction on the time-dependent behavior of wood analyzed by a 3D rheological model. A mathematical consideration
Authors: Huč Sabina , Svensson Staffan
Published: June 2018

A three-dimensional (3D) rheological model for an orthotropic material subjected to sustained load or deformation under constant climate has been mathematically formulated. The elastic and viscoelastic compliance matrices are symmetric, where the mathematical derivation of the latter is shown. The model is linear and requires constant numerical values for the elastic and viscoelastic material parameters. The model’s ability to predict the natural time-dependent response in three material directions simultaneously is demonstrated on a Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) specimen subjected to a constant uniaxial tensile load. The material extends in a longitudinal direction and contracts in the transverse directions with time. The required material parameters are taken from the literature when possible, otherwise they are assumed. Furthermore, the influence of misalignment between the directions of observation and wood material directions on induced time-dependent strains is analyzed. The analyses show that the misalignment has a large effect on the material behavior. In some cases, the specimen under constant uniaxial tension even extends in the perpendicular transverse direction with time. The obtained results clearly demonstrate the high importance of considering the alignment of material directions precisely in order to be able to interpret the time-dependent behavior of wood correctly.
An Investigation into the Reverse Transformation Mechanisms in the Heat Treatment of Austenitic Stainless Steel
Authors: O’Sullivan D. , Raghavendra R. , Cotterell M. , Mészáros I. , Tanner D. A.
Published: June 2018

Cold working of austenitic stainless steel results in the formation of α′-martensite (ferromagnetic) within the host material (paramagnetic). The role of α′-martensite and carbide precipitation in the reverse transformation mechanism during the heat treatment of AISI 304 is presented. A magnetic Barkhausen noise (MBN) measurement technique was employed to characterize the transformation mechanisms. MBN was found to be an effective tool for studying the transformation mechanisms of austenite to α′-martensite during material deformation as MBN and the ferromagnetic phase showed a good correlation. AISI 304 specimens plastically strained to 51 % were subjected to annealing heat treatment (from 100°C to 1,100°C) for 30 minutes. The α′-martensite to austenite reversion mechanisms were found to have a significant effect on residual stress and materials magnetic properties, thus limiting MBN effectiveness in studying the reverse transformation process. Residual stresses go from tensile to compressive between 500°C and 600°C as a result of the transformation mechanisms, as the austenitic phase is larger than α′-martensite and therefore compresses the remaining α′-martensite. It is suggested that ϵ-martensite has a significant role in the dislocation structural mechanisms in the heat treatment of AISI 304.
Reliable Residual Stress Analysis for Thin Metal Sheets by Incremental Hole Drilling
Authors: Simon Nicola , Mrotzek Tobias , Gibmeier Jens
Published: June 2018

Sheet metal–forming processes induce characteristic residual stress-depth gradients into technical components. Regarding thin metal sheets with thicknesses of only a few millimeters, or those in the sub-mm range, surface finishing processes, e.g., machining processes like grinding, polishing, lapping, or mechanical post–surface treatments, might cause significant distortions. These may result from intentionally induced one-sided residual stress distributions or residual stress redistributions through one-sided materials removal. For process assessment and control, accurate residual stress analysis is indispensable. However, in sheet metal formation, the residual stress state is often accompanied by pronounced crystallographic textures, which usually cause failure of the standard laboratory procedures. As an example, X-ray residual stress analysis according to the standard sin2ψ-method is not feasible for markedly textured material states because of curved 2θ-sin2ψ distributions. On the contrary, we have already shown that the incremental hole drilling method that uses case-specific calibration data and considers specimen thickness and crystallographic texture provides reliable stress evaluation. Hereby, for thin metal sheets, the appropriate support condition is very important since improper support can lead to significant restraints, i.e., the specimen fixture hinders the strain relaxation on the specimen’s surface during the hole drilling process, and, for nonflat sheets, even assembling stresses can be superimposed. Consequently, stress calculation based on the measured strain relaxation data leads to erroneous residual stress results in application of the incremental hole drilling method. This work is derived from the necessity of measuring residual stress-depth gradients in thin molybdenum sheets. Thereby, an appropriate specimen support strategy for hole drilling application on thin metal sheets is proposed based on a systematic parametric study using 3-D finite element modeling that considers different sheet thicknesses. Based on the simulation results, a support ring with an adequate inner diameter is proposed as the most suitable specimen support. The numerical findings were verified by experimental residual stress analyses with the use of two different specimen supports.
Foreword
Authors: Stuckey Michael
Published: June 2018

Foreword to Volume 7, Issue 1.
CLAMOR em sala de aula: uma experiência sobre a importância da solidariedade durante as ditaduras do Cone Sul.
Authors: Fraga Guilherme Barboza de
Published: June 2018

Este artigo apresenta uma proposta pedagógica para analisar a importância da solidariedade no contexto das ditaduras civis-militares no Cone Sul na segunda metade do século XX. A experiência usou como ponto de partida a atuação do Clamor (Comitê de Defesa dos Direitos Humanos para os países do Cone Sul) no auxílio prestado a perseguidos políticos, nas denúncias efetuadas e na tentativa de buscar informações sobre desaparecidos pelos regimes de repressão. Por meio da análise de documentos do Clamor, a proposta pedagógica buscou refletir sobre a necessidade do respeito aos direitos básicos do ser humano e da democracia.
ILUSTRANDO O NOVO SINDICALISMO: Charges da Folha de São Paulo no período de greves no ABC Paulista (Maio de 1978)
Authors: Ferreira Fábio Donato
Published: June 2018

O presente artigo pretende analisar charges políticas que foram publicadas no periódico Folha de S. Paulo, no mês de maio de 1978, período em que ocorreu as greves de metalúrgicos nas empresas automobilísticas do ABC Paulista. Também pretende-se traçar a posição do jornal não somente perante os movimentos grevistas, mas também perante a ditadura civil-militar no qual o país se encontrava.
Chronique du livre
Authors: Plourde Lise , Latrous Imen , Joyal André
Published: June 2018

Boyer, L. et Equilbey, N. (2013). Évolution desorganisations et du management – Rétrospectiveet prospective, Éditions EMS, 116 p.

Hirigoyen, M.-F. (2014). Que sais-je? Leharcèlement moral au travail, PressesUniversitaires de France, 128 p.

Courlet, C. et Pecqueur, B. (2013). L’économieterritoriale, Grenoble, PUG, 142 p.
Chronique du livre
Authors: Joyal André
Published: June 2018

Louis-Jacques Filion, Innover au féminin : savoirse dépasser-intraprendre, Québec, Presses del’Université du Québec, 2013, 292 p.

Danielle Maltais, Suzanne Tremblay, (s. la dir.de), Enjeux théoriques et pratiques endéveloppement régional : 30 ans de recherche auGRIR, Saguenay, GRIR-UQAC, 2014, 179 p.