bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Job Satisfaction on Employee Performance Through Employee Involvement as Mediator Variables at Snack Food Distributors in Surabaya, Sidoarjo, and Gresik
Authors: Aristotelin Ronald
Published: January 2023

This study aims to analyze the performance, job satisfaction, and employee engagement in theretail distributor. The main theory and previous researchers used in this study are Performance by Na-Nanet al., (2017), Employee engagement by Schaufeli, Salanova, González-Romá, and Bakker (2002) and Jobsatisfaction by Spector (1997). The method used in this research is Structural Equation Modeling withPartial Least Square. The program used is SmartPLS 3.3.3. This research was conducted in a snack foodretail distributor company located in Surabaya, Sidoarjo and Gresik with a sample of one hundred and tenrespondents. The results of this study are job satisfaction has a significant but not significant effect onemployee performance, employee involvement has a significant effect on employee performance, jobsatisfaction has a significant effect on employee engagement and employee involvement is the variable thatmediates job satisfaction on employee performance.
The Antecedent of Consumer Attitudes Toward Online Shopping in Beauty Industry
Authors: Dwike Marietta
Published: January 2023

—This study to investigate the mediating effect of Trust in the relationship between RelativeAdvantage, Electronic Word of Mouth on Consumer Attitudes Toward Online Shopping in the BeautyIndustry. The respondents are 290 people from beauty Xyz customers. The design research used a surveymodel purposive sampling method as a sampling technique. The data analysis in this research usedStructural Equation Modeling (SEM) as an analysis technique with AMOS as an analysis tool. The resultsshow that Relative Advantage and Electronic Word of Mouth is not statistically significant impactconsumer Attitudes Toward Online Shopping; the results confirm that Trust mediates the effects ofRelative Advantage on Attitudes Toward Online Shopping.
The Role of Job Engagement as a Mediator in the Influence Between Psychological Capital and Performance
Authors: Adipratama Satria Muhammad
Published: January 2023

Several studies show that work engagement acts as a mediator between psychological capital and social support on performance (Bakker & Demeuroti, 2019). The aim of this researcher is to determine the role of work engagement as a mediator in the relationship between psychological capital and social support on performance. The subjects in this study were employees of PT. Adhibaladika Agung. From a total population of 311 employees, as many as 175 people were sampled in this study. The data collection technique used in this study was purposive sampling. The analysis technique in this study uses the SmartPLS program and before being analyzed, it is done first to check whether there are operational items that fail or not using Statistical Product and Service Solution (SPSS). The results of this study indicate that all variables have a significant influence or can also be called 7 of 7 accepted research hypotheses. In practice, the seven hypotheses that have been proven to be accepted and show a significant value will certainly be very useful as a reference for companies to increase psychological capital, social support, work engagement and employee performance. Each endogenous variable that wants to be improved is recommended with a different solution in aspects related to its endogenous variable or it can be concluded that t count from H1 is the Psychological Capital variable on Performance = 13.346 (solution: training), H2 is the Social Support variable on Performance = 5,382 ( solution: role model), H3 is Psychological Capital variable on Work Engagement = 3,308(solution: training), H4 is Social Support variable for Work Engagement = 2,397 (solution: role model), H5 is Work Engagement variable on Performance = 7,840 (solution : rewards and punishments). This research also proves that the JD-R Model is still valid today.
HISTORY OF BORROWING WORDS TO CREATE VOCABULARY OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE INFLUENCED BY VARIOUS LANGUAGES
Authors: C. Chamundeshwari , M Kiranmayi
Published: January 2023

English is one of the most peculiar languages in the world. It is thoroughly confusing and quite difficult to learn for non-natives. The prime reason for this complexity lies in the history of English language. Over the ages, English language has been heavily influenced by numerous languages. In fact, English, as a language by itself, is said to have drawn from several languages in its conception. Invasions, cultural clashes, intellectual advancements, societal changes, colonialism, and globalisation – all have lent towards making the vocabulary of English rich and diverse. The way a language influences English was often determined by the class of people who used it. Languages used by common people influenced the common nouns and words of daily usage, while the language of elites influenced words related to a certain sector or class. Also, the history of the English is quite lengthy (over 1400 years) and the language has witness numerous social changes and cultural clashes over the ages. Due to such all these reasons, several languages have had considerable influence on English language. So that, English is often said to be an amalgamation of multiple languages, rather than a language of its own. The paper focusses on History of languages which were used by a certain sect of people or for a certain purpose influenced words related to only that sector, while having virtually no influence on the rest. These major influences, world-wide colonialism has led to English borrowing and absorbing several words from native languages all around the world.
РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ ВОЗДЕЛЫВАНИЯ МНОГОЛЕТНИХ КОРМОВЫХ ТРАВ В УСЛОВИЯХ СЕВЕРНОГО КАЗАХСТАНА
Authors: Сагалбеков У.М. , Байдалин М.Е. , Байдалина С.Е. , Ахет А.О. , Байкен А.С.
Published: January 2023

В данной статье представлены результаты научных исследований за 2015-2020 годы по селекции, семеноводству и технологии возделывания многолетних кормовых трав. Научные исследования проводились на опытном поле ТОО «Кокшетауское опытно-производственное хозяйство» (Акмолинская область, Зерендинский район, с. Чаглинка), расположенном в степной зоне Северного Казахстана.
Целью данных научных исследований является повышение продуктивности и устойчивости многолетних кормовых трав в условиях Северного Казахстана и преложение производству конкретных видов и сортов.
При проведении исследований были использованы общепринятые в агрономии методы постановки полевых опытов, лабораторные исследования проводились в аккредитованных лабораториях по установленным методам и стандартам на современных оборудованиях.
Объектами исследований служат различные виды многолетних кормовых трав.
Проведенные научно-производственные опыты показали, что для улучшения или создания культурных сенокосов и пастбищ на малопродуктивных засоленных землях лучше всего использование травосмесей с обязательным включением в компоненты культуры донника. Донниковая травопольная система земледелия позволяет не только сохранить плодородие почвы, но и из-за положительного баланса органических веществ, повышает содержание гумуса. Проведенные результаты исследования позволяют рекомендовать производству сорта многолетних трав с высокой продуктивностью и устойчивостью.
Область использования результатов – кормопроизводство Северного Казахстана.
Evaluation of Thoracic Region Complications Associated With Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Applied To Cases of Fall From Height
Authors: ALTIN İsmail , DÜNDAR Ahmet Sedat , GÜMÜŞBOĞA Erkal , ORUÇ Mucahit , CELBİŞ Osman , ŞAMDANCI Emine
Published: January 2023

Aim: The most common causes of blunt trauma are traffic accidents and falls from height. Thoracic region complications may be seen in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). The aim of this study was to examine thoracic complications developing in cases applied with CPR following a fall from height with no direct chest trauma.
Materials and Methods: The thoracic complications of CPR were examined in cases with CPR applied after a fall from height following the exclusion of cases where death occurred and an autopsy was performed.
Results: Evaluation was made of 109 cases who met the study criteria, comprising 82 males and 27 females. Fractures of the sternum and costa were seen at a higher rate than reported in studies in literature. No statistically significant difference was determined between the genders in respect of fracture rates. As age increased, there was found to be a statistically significant increase in fractures.
Conclusion: This is the first study to have examined CPR complications following a fall from height. Just as there are direct effects of trauma on the body in general, there are also known to be some indirect effects. The results of this study showed an in increase in thoracic region complications developing after CPR applied to cases who developed cardiac arrest following a fall from height.
Efficacy of Platelet-Rich Plasma in the Rehabilitation of Athletes with Peroneal Tendinopathy: a Prospective Non-randomized Study of 60 Patients
Authors: Repetyuk Аlexey D. , Achkasov Evgeniy E. , Sereda Andrey P.
Published: January 2023

INTRODUCTION. Peroneal tendons pathology is an underestimated cause of pain in the lateral part of the foot in athletes, which is difficult to distinguish from lateral ankle ligament injuries. As a result, the athlete's training and participation in competitions may be restricted for a long time. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injections have been suggested as a promising method for the treatment of peroneal tendinopathy.
AIM. To evaluate the effectiveness of the use of PRP in the complex rehabilitation of athletes with peroneal tendinopathy by comparing the time to return to play (RTP) and the evaluation of pain symptoms. To develop a model for pain evaluation and physical activity dosingin athletes with this pathology, in order to objectify the transition from one rehabilitation stage to another.
MATERIAL AND METHODS. This prospective, non-randomised study analyzed the treatment outcomes of 60 male patients, aged 21.0±1.4 years with peroneal tendinopathy. Depending on the treatment, two groups of patients were identified. Group I (30 athletes), in addition to complex rehabilitation (physiotherapy and physical therapy), had percutaneous PRP injections under the ultrasound guidance. Group II (30 athletes) received only physiotherapy and exercise therapy.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION. A statistically significant difference in pain symptoms between the groups was observed starting from the 28th day of treatment. The average time for the athletes in group I to return to regular training activities was on average 10 days shorter than for those in group II (p<0.001).
CONCLUSION. The use of PRP, in the rehabilitation of athletes with peroneal tendinopathy is more effective than a comprehensive programme. The developed model of pain evaluation makes it possible to determine the degree of physical activity at various stages of the rehabilitation process, as well as to adequately estimate readiness to RTP.
Clinical Сharacteristics of Patients with Lumbar Disc Herniation: A Retrospective Comparative Study of 58 Females
Authors: Xiao-Jun Wang , Yan Yang , Xin-Yuan Zhang , Yong-Zhu Ni , Yan Zhang , Jin-Long Zhao , Fang Wang , Xiao-Hua Li , Xin-Ling Zhang
Published: January 2023

INTRODUCTION. Low back pain (LBP) is a common discomfort in young women during pregnancy and after childbirth. These female patients with lumbar disc herniation (LDH) have unique clinical manifestations, but few studies have been reported.
AIM. To investigate the clinical characteristics of female patients with LDH after childbirth and to provide basis for rehabilitation andtreatment.
MATERIAL AND METHODS. We collected the clinical data of 58 female patients with LDH, analyzed the clinical characteristics. We usedCT scan to determine the location and type of LDH, observed the dural sac of lumbar intervertebral disc, serum 25 hydroxyvitaminD (25[OH] D) levels were measured and compared with healthy women and pregnant women.
RESULTS. Our results showed that according to the age distribution of patients with low back pain was the most common among 30-34years old, accounting for 43.1% of all patients. Patients with LDH accounted for the highest proportion of patients with LBP, up to 55.2%.L4-L5 segment was the most common part of LDH, accounting for 46.9%, followed by L5-S1 segment, accounting for 31.3%. Protrusionwas the most common type of LDH, accounting for 84.4%. Among 34 patients with LDH, 15 patients (46.9%) had dural sac compression.The serum 25(OH) D level of patients with LDH was 11.36±5.16 ng/ml, lower than that of healthy women (first control group, 15.22±3.42ng/ml, p=0.022), and pregnant women (second control group, 18.95±6.94 ng/ml, p<0.011).
CONCLUSION. LDH is one of the main causes of LBP in female patients. Female patients with LDH have their specific features in terms ofage distribution, location and type of intervertebral disc herniation, especially the serum 25(OH)D level of female patients is significantlylow. To clarify the clinical characteristics of female patients with LDH is very important for the rehabilitation treatment.
Dynamic Electroneurostimulation in Rehabilitation: a Prospective Randomized Study of 60 Patients after Surgical Treatment of Colorectal Malignancies
Authors: Drobyshev Victor A. , Shpagina Lubov A. , Vlasov Andrey A. , Umnikova Marina V. , Smarzh Tatyana M.
Published: January 2023

INTRODUCTION. Surgical treatment of colorectal malignancies, while increasing overall survival often determines the persistence ofthe pain syndrome, causing a decrease in the quality of life of patients. Pain-relieving medicines have side-effects and complications,which determines the search for and introduction of non-medicinal technologies.
AIM. To evaluate the effectiveness of incorporating dynamic electroneurostimulation in the rehabilitation of patients after surgicaltreatment for colorectal cancer to correct pain syndrome, autonomic dysfunction and quality of life indices.
MATERIAL AND METHODS. 60 male and female patients aged between 35 and 65 with a verified diagnosis of the colon and rectummalignant neoplasms after surgical treatment were examined in the conditions of the outpatient oncological care center at the StateMedical Institution “City Clinical Hospital No. 2” (Novosibirsk). They were divided into 2 groups: the 1st group (the main group, n=40)in addition to standard therapy received a 15-day course of dynamic electroneurostimulation (DENS) performed with «NEURODENSPCM» device, the 2nd group (the comparison group, n=32) received a standard treatment including chemotherapy, symptomaticpharmacotherapy and exercise therapy. The examination included assessment of pain syndrome using validated pain scales, thevegetative status, anxiety and depression, quality of life parameters.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION. The patients of the 1st group showed 1.2- and 2.4 times reduction of algias by the 5th and 15th day ofrehabilitation respectively. Upon completion of the rehabilitation the autonomic nervous system balance index (LF/HF) was adjustedby 4.8 and the centralization index by 6.0 times against the baseline, the anxiety and depression index on the HADS scale was reducedby 1.5 times, the quality of life on the SF-36 scale improved: physical functioning by 1.5 times, pain by 1.2 times, general health by 1.5times, which differed from the similar indicators in the 2nd group.Dynamic electroneurostimulation using NEURODENS-PCM device can have pain-relieving and vegetative-regulating effects due toactivation of antinociceptive brain structures and influence on suprasegmental parts of the autonomic nervous system.
CONCLUSION. The inclusion of dynamic electroneurostimulation using «NEURODENS-PCM» device in the rehabilitation of patientsafter surgical treatment of malignant neoplasms in the colorectal region enables a faster relief of pain syndrome, adjustment of theneurovegetative regulation and the anxiety level, which contributes to improvement of the ' quality of life of patients.
O Poder do voto como fator determinante na distribuição de recursos estaduais para os municípios cearenses
Authors: Linhares Fabricio Carneiro , Almeida Marcos Henrique de Carvalho
Published: January 2023

Esta pesquisa avalia se as transferências voluntárias estaduais são distribuídas de forma a privilegiar municípios que trazem um maior percentual de votos ao governo estadual no processo eleitoral. A análise é realizada com a aplicação de modelo em painel dinâmico não linear, em que o esquema de distribuição das transferências depende do percentual de votos, tendo como base os municípios cearenses no período 2009-2018. As estimativas indicam que os municípios que propiciaram uma maior quantidade de votos ao governador foram contemplados com mais recursos oriundos de transferências voluntárias; e essa relação positiva se amplifica ainda mais a partir da conquista de 51% dos votos locais. Esse resultado é compatível com o modelo de candidatos políticos avessos ao risco de Cox e McCubbins (1986). Ademais, observaram-se a ocorrência de ciclos políticos nas transferências voluntárias e a ausência de favorecimento às prefeituras onde há aliança partidária entre prefeito e governador.
Convergência e determinantes da variação da proporção de pobreza no Brasil : especificidades do período 2002-2014
Authors: Batista Henrique Rogê , Sousa Lucas Vitor de Carvalho
Published: January 2023

Este trabalho visa analisar a dinâmica e os determinantes da variação da pobreza entre 2002 e 2014 no Brasil, período em que o país assistiu a uma considerável redução na proporção da pobreza em todas as Unidades da Federação (UFs). Pela metodologia das cadeias de Markov, verificou-se a possibilidade de convergência da proporção de pobreza das UFs aos níveis observados nos Estados Unidos, o que requer um período demasiadamente elevado: quarenta anos. Isso se deve à heterogeneidade da redução da pobreza entre as UFs. Em suma, os resultados apontaram que a redução da desigualdade se sobrepõe ao aumento da renda para explicar a redução da pobreza, a qual se deu de forma desigual no país. Além disso, a mitigação da pobreza guarda relação com o estágio de desenvolvimento socioeconômico da unidade de observação.
Redução de custos de transportes sobre a produção de soja : uma aplicação de equilíbrio geral computável para as grandes regiões brasileiras
Authors: Pontes Raquel Pereira , Babosa Márcio Nora , Lima Cicero Zanetti de , Trotte Ian Michael , Menezes Gabrielito Rauter
Published: January 2023

O propósito deste artigo foi avaliar os impactos da redução do custo de transporte para o setor de soja nas regiões brasileiras. Para atingir o objetivo proposto, foram simulados uma melhoria no sistema de transportes nas regiões brasileiras sobre o setor de soja e os impactos nos principias blocos comerciais, utilizando-se o modelo Projeto de Análise de Equilíbrio Geral da Economia Brasileira (PAEG). Os resultados mostraram que há diferentes efeitos no setor do grão da soja e em indicadores econômicos para cada Grande Região brasileira; as regiões Sul e Centro-Oeste prevaleceram nos ganhos de produção e exportação do grão da soja. Os resultados, no geral, foram coerentes com a literatura, mostrando que uma redução no custo de transporte levaria a melhores resultados para o Brasil; no entanto, os estudos averiguados não consideraram a desigualdade entre as regiões brasileiras, sendo esta inovação um importante diferencial deste trabalho.
Exploring Community Resilience towards Rebuilding Community Identity After the Portapique Mass Shooting in Canada
Authors: Netzke Megan , Callary Bettina , Potvin Leigh
Published: January 2023

This research aims to explore the significance of citizen participation in rebuilding a sense of community identity and facilitating the communal healing process in the aftermath of the public shooting in Portapique, Nova Scotia. We approached this research using autoethnography and completed a thematic analysis of the first author’s journal entries written in the ten months following the public shooting. We generated two higher-order themes- posttraumatic stress responses and factors of resilience. These two themes provided the framework on which to organise the data. The findings indicate the significance citizen participation and event organisation have on a community’s ability to exhibit resilience and the detrimental effects that can occur when support is not community-led. Through the lens of participation in community organising (the Portapique Community Build-Up project), participation was the crucial link to building a sense of community identity.
Future-fit leaders for future-fit schools: Principal narratives of leading rural primary schools for 4IR imperatives
Authors: Clark Frenchesca June , Triegaardt Paul
Published: January 2023

The digital divide and the low socio-economic status of many South African school communities, including rural Limpopo, the site of this research study, created an immediate and urgent need to transform teaching and learning during the unprecedented Covid-19 global pandemic. Within this context, this study demonstrated the importance of technology and digitisation in building future-ready schools. The literature study clarified the requirements of a neuroleader as a future-fit leader and used the theoretical framework of neuroleadership to define and explain future-fit leadership. Insights for this article were derived from 10 school leaders in rural Limpopo primary schools. The data was collected using WhatsApp voice notes, which were converted into narratives for each of the principals. Digital stories of each school were also used. The phenomenological approach was adopted to better understand the lived experiences of these principals. Thereafter, the data was analysed using thematic analysis in order to identify themes or patterns in the narratives. The main findings emphasised the necessity of neuroleadership in a future-fit leader. Finally, more research is required to investigate the idea of creating entirely digital rural schools with a rotating schedule that alternates between days of in-person instruction and days of online instruction.
Israel’s Religion during the Patriarchal Age (2000 to 1500 B.C.)
Authors: Ndishua Julius
Published: January 2023

This research focuses on Israel’s religion during the Patriarchal age (2000 to 1500 B.C). The beliefs and practices of Israel’s religion during the patriarchal period remain a bone of contention among scholars. Did the Patriarchs have a belief system different from the people in the Ancient Near East? If they had, what made their faith distinct from that of the surrounding nations? Scholars are indecisive about the content of the patriarchal religion. The book of Genesis does not elaborate on the patriarchal religion; rather, it expresses the Patriarchal religious experiences timidly. The researcher argues that the spiritual experiences stated in Genesis prove that Israel’s religion was possibly distinct and directional. The patriarchal era is situated within Genesis 12-50. The patriarchs are Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. The Nuzi, Mari, and Ebla tablets are archaeological discoveries that shed light on critical religious centres like Shechem, Bethel, and Beersheba during the patriarchal era. The researcher uses a narrative approach to collect data for analysis. The findings reveal that; the Patriarchs erected altars in Shechem, Bethel, Beersheba, and Moriah, to offer sacrifices, libations, and prayers. The patriarchs were clan heads and played the role of a priest in officiating at the altars. God revealed Himself to them through visions and dreams. As nomads, the Israelites were conscious of YHWH’s protection and guidance during the patriarchal era. They lived depending upon His provision for their daily needs in the Ancient Near East. The Patriarchs worshipped God as El Elyon, El Olam, and El Shaddai. The lesson for the Christian community is to depend on God for protection and provision. God’s presence with the patriarchs also serves as an example to encourage the Christian community to be conscious of God’s presence with her always.

Keywords: Patriarchal Age, Religion and Archaeological discoveries
Stellar Properties for a Comprehensive Collection of Star-forming Regions in the SDSS APOGEE-2 Survey*
Authors: Román-Zúñiga Carlos G. , Kounkel Marina , Hernández Jesús , Ramírez Karla Peña , López-Valdivia Ricardo , Covey Kevin R. , Stutz Amelia M. , Roman-Lopes Alexandre , Campbell Hunter , Khilfeh Elliott , Tapia Mauricio , Stringfellow Guy S. , Downes Juan José , Stassun Keivan G. , Minniti Dante , Bayo Amelia , Kim Jinyoung Serena , Suárez Genaro , Ybarra Jason E. , Fernández-Trincado José G. , Longa-Peña Penélope , Ramírez-Preciado Valeria , Serna Javier , Lane Richard R. , García-Hernández D. A. , Beaton Rachael L. , Bizyaev Dmitry , Pan Kaike
Published: January 2023

The Sloan Digital Sky Survey IV APOGEE-2 primary science goal was to observe red giant stars throughout the Galaxy to study its dynamics, morphology, and chemical evolution. The APOGEE instrument, a high-resolution 300-fiber H-band (1.55–1.71 μm) spectrograph, is also ideal to study other stellar populations in the Galaxy, among which are a number of star-forming regions and young open clusters. We present the results of the determination of six stellar properties (T
eff,

log

g

, [Fe/H], L/L
⊙, M/M
⊙, and age) for a sample that is composed of 3360 young stars, of subsolar to supersolar types, in 16 Galactic star formation and young open cluster regions. Those sources were selected by using a clustering method that removes most of the field contamination. Samples were also refined by removing targets affected by various systematic effects of the parameter determination. The final samples are presented in a comprehensive catalog that includes all six estimated parameters. This overview study also includes parameter spatial distribution maps for all regions and Hertzsprung–Russell (

log
L

/

L

⊙

vs. T
eff) diagrams. This study serves as a guide for detailed studies on individual regions and paves the way for the future studies on the global properties of stars in the pre-main-sequence phase of stellar evolution using more robust samples.
Photosynthetic Fluorescence from Earthlike Planets around Sunlike and Cool Stars
Authors: Komatsu Yu , Hori Yasunori , Kuzuhara Masayuki , Kosugi Makiko , Takizawa Kenji , Narita Norio , Omiya Masashi , Kim Eunchul , Kusakabe Nobuhiko , Meadows Victoria , Tamura Motohide
Published: January 2023

Remote sensing of the Earth has demonstrated that photosynthesis is traceable as the vegetation red edge (VRE), which is a steep rise in the reflection spectrum of vegetation, and as solar-induced fluorescence. This study examines the detectability of biological fluorescence from two types of photosynthetic pigments, chlorophylls (Chls) and bacteriochlorophylls (BChls), on Earthlike planets with oxygen-rich/poor and anoxic atmospheres around the Sun and M dwarfs. Atmospheric absorption, such as H2O, CH4, O2, and O3, and the VRE obscure the fluorescence emissions from Chls and BChls. We find that the BChl-based fluorescence for wavelengths of 1000–1100 nm, assuming the spectrum of BChl b–bearing purple bacteria, could provide a suitable biosignature, but only in the absence of water cloud coverage or other strong absorbers near 1000 nm. The Chl fluorescence is weaker for several reasons, e.g., spectral blending with the VRE. The apparent reflectance excess is greatly increased in both the Chl and BChl cases around TRAPPIST-1, due to the fluorescence and stellar absorption lines. This could be a promising feature for detecting the fluorescence around ultracool red dwarfs using follow-up ground-based observations at high spectral resolution; however, this would require a long time around Sunlike stars, even for a LUVOIR-like space mission. Moreover, the simultaneous detection of fluorescence and the VRE is the key to identifying traces of photosynthesis, because absorption, reflectance, and fluorescence are physically connected. For further validation of the fluorescence detection, the nonlinear response of biological fluorescence as a function of light intensity could be considered.
(Nearly) Model-independent Constraints on the Neutral Hydrogen Fraction in the Intergalactic Medium at z ∼ 5–7 Using Dark Pixel Fractions in Lyα and Lyβ Forests
Authors: Jin Xiangyu , Yang Jinyi , Fan Xiaohui , Wang Feige , Bañados Eduardo , Bian Fuyan , Davies Frederick B. , Eilers Anna-Christina , Farina Emanuele Paolo , Hennawi Joseph F. , Pacucci Fabio , Venemans Bram , Walter Fabian
Published: January 2023

Cosmic reionization was the last major phase transition of hydrogen from neutral to highly ionized in the intergalactic medium (IGM). Current observations show that the IGM is significantly neutral at z > 7 and largely ionized by z ∼ 5.5. However, most methods to measure the IGM neutral fraction are highly model dependent and are limited to when the volume-averaged neutral fraction of the IGM is either relatively low (

x

¯

H

I

≲

10

−
3

) or close to unity (

x

¯

H

I

∼
1

). In particular, the neutral fraction evolution of the IGM at the critical redshift range of z = 6–7 is poorly constrained. We present new constraints on

x

¯

H

I

at z ∼ 5.1–6.8 by analyzing deep optical spectra of 53 quasars at 5.73 < z < 7.09. We derive model-independent upper limits on the neutral hydrogen fraction based on the fraction of “dark” pixels identified in the Lyα and Lyβ forests, without any assumptions on the IGM model or the intrinsic shape of the quasar continuum. They are the first model-independent constraints on the IGM neutral hydrogen fraction at z ∼ 6.2–6.8 using quasar absorption measurements. Our results give upper limits of

x

¯

H

I

(
z
=
6.3
)
<
0.79
±
0.04

(1σ),

x

¯

H

I

(
z
=
6.5
)
<
0.87
±
0.03

(1σ), and

x

¯

H

I

(
z
=
6.7
)
<

0.94

−
0.09

+
0.06

(1σ). The dark pixel fractions at z > 6.1 are consistent with the redshift evolution of the neutral fraction of the IGM derived from Planck 2018.
Hall Fields and Current Systems of Magnetic Reconnection under Asymmetric Conditions
Authors: Zhang Y. C. , Tang S. Y.
Published: January 2023

The Hall effect is a key component of collisionless reconnection. A previous study showed that a quadrupolar Hall pattern under symmetric conditions degenerates into a bipolar pattern under highly asymmetric conditions. We study the properties of Hall magnetic fields and current systems during three reconnection events observed by the Magnetospheric Multiscale mission at the dayside magnetopause. Although the asymptotic density ratio between the magnetosheath and magnetospheric plasmas is very high for all three events, clear quadrupolar Hall field patterns are observed in all three events. The quadrupolar Hall magnetic fields in the three events display their respective properties on the intensity asymmetry and the distributing location. Among these events, a quadrupolar Hall field pattern is observed for the first time in in situ observations: the magnetosheath Hall pattern occupies the whole midplane region, while the magnetosphere Hall pattern still exists under highly asymmetric conditions. Observations show that the plasma mixture modulates the density asymmetry in the Hall region, which can be very different from the asymptotic density asymmetry in the magnetosheath and magnetospheric inflow plasma. The analyses indicate that the different density asymmetry inside the Hall region, but not the asymptotic density asymmetry, is an exact indicator that explains the different observed Hall patterns. Based on the observed facts, we suggest that the three reconnection events studied here are in different phases of their development after they are triggered under highly asymmetric conditions. Our results provide new insights into how the Hall effect works with the evolution of asymmetry during reconnection.
Hierarchical Bayesian Inference of Photometric Redshifts with Stellar Population Synthesis Models
Authors: Leistedt Boris , Alsing Justin , Peiris Hiranya , Mortlock Daniel , Leja Joel
Published: January 2023

We present a Bayesian hierarchical framework to analyze photometric galaxy survey data with stellar population synthesis (SPS) models. Our method couples robust modeling of spectral energy distributions with a population model and a noise model to characterize the statistical properties of the galaxy populations and real observations, respectively. By self-consistently inferring all model parameters, from high-level hyperparameters to SPS parameters of individual galaxies, one can separate sources of bias and uncertainty in the data. We demonstrate the strengths and flexibility of this approach by deriving accurate photometric redshifts for a sample of spectroscopically confirmed galaxies in the COSMOS field, all with 26-band photometry and spectroscopic redshifts. We achieve a performance competitive with publicly released photometric redshift catalogs based on the same data. Prior to this work, this approach was computationally intractable in practice due to the heavy computational load of SPS model calls; we overcome this challenge by the addition of neural emulators. We find that the largest photometric residuals are associated with poor calibration for emission-line luminosities and thus build a framework to mitigate these effects. This combination of physics-based modeling accelerated with machine learning paves the path toward meeting the stringent requirements on the accuracy of photometric redshift estimation imposed by upcoming cosmological surveys. The approach also has the potential to create new links between cosmology and galaxy evolution through the analysis of photometric data sets.
A Three-dimensional Map of the Milky Way Using 66,000 Mira Variable Stars
Authors: Iwanek Patryk , Poleski Radosław , Kozłowski Szymon , Soszyński Igor , Pietrukowicz Paweł , Ban Makiko , Skowron Jan , Mróz Przemysław , Wrona Marcin , Udalski Andrzej , Szymański Michał K. , Skowron Dorota M. , Ulaczyk Krzysztof , Gromadzki Mariusz , Rybicki Krzysztof , Ratajczak Milena
Published: January 2023

We study the three-dimensional structure of the Milky Way using 65,981 Mira variable stars discovered by the Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment survey. The spatial distribution of the Mira stars is analyzed with a model containing three barred components that include the X-shaped boxy component in the Galactic center (GC) and an axisymmetric disk. We take into account the distance uncertainties by implementing the Bayesian hierarchical inference method. The distance to the GC is R
0 = 7.66 ± 0.01(stat.) ± 0.39(sys.) kpc, while the inclination of the major axis of the bulge to the Sun–GC line of sight is θ = 20.°2 ± 0.°6(stat.) ± 0.°7(sys.). We present, for the first time, a detailed three-dimensional map of the Milky Way composed of young and intermediate-age stellar populations. Our analysis provides independent evidence for both the X-shaped bulge component and the flaring disk (being plausibly warped). We provide the complete data set of properties of Miras that were used for calculations in this work. The table includes mean brightness and amplitudes in nine photometric bands (covering a range of wavelengths from 0.5 to 12 μm), photometric chemical type, estimated extinction, and calculated distance with its uncertainty for each Mira variable. The median distance accuracy to a Mira star is at the level of 6.6%.
Early Results from GLASS-JWST. X. Rest-frame UV-optical Properties of Galaxies at 7 < z < 9
Authors: Leethochawalit N. , Trenti M. , Santini P. , Yang L. , Merlin E. , Castellano M. , Fontana A. , Treu T. , Mason C. , Glazebrook K. , Jones T. , Vulcani B. , Nanayakkara T. , Marchesini D. , Mascia S. , Morishita T. , Roberts-Borsani G. , Bonchi A. , Paris D. , Boyett K. , Strait V. , Calabrò A. , Pentericci L. , Bradac M. , Wang X. , Scarlata C.
Published: January 2023

We present the first James Webb Space Telescope/NIRCam-led determination of 7 < z < 9 galaxy properties based on broadband imaging from 0.8 to 5 μm as part of the GLASS-JWST Early Release Science program. This is the deepest data set acquired at these wavelengths to date, with an angular resolution ≲0.″14. We robustly identify 13 galaxies with signal-to-noise ratio ≳ 8 in F444W from 8 arcmin2 of data at m
AB ≤ 28 from a combination of dropout and photometric redshift selection. From simulated data modeling, we estimate the dropout sample purity to be ≳90%. We find that the number density of these F444W-selected sources is broadly consistent with expectations from the UV luminosity function determined from Hubble Space Telescope data. We characterize galaxy physical properties using a Bayesian spectral energy distribution fitting method, finding a median stellar mass of 108.5
M
⊙ and age 140 Myr, indicating they started ionizing their surroundings at redshift z > 9.5. Their star formation main sequence is consistent with predictions from simulations. Lastly, we introduce an analytical framework to constrain main-sequence evolution at z > 7 based on galaxy ages and basic assumptions, through which we find results consistent with expectations from cosmological simulations. While this work only gives a glimpse of the properties of typical galaxies that are thought to drive the reionization of the universe, it clearly shows the potential of JWST to unveil unprecedented details of galaxy formation in the first billion years.
The Effect of Final Irrigation Protocols on the Apical Sealing Ability of Epoxy Resin-based and Bioceramic-based Root Canal Sealers
Authors: Medhat Anan , Ghoneim Angie , Nabil Roshdy Nehal
Published: January 2023

Aim: This study was designed to investigate the effect of different final irrigation protocols on the apical sealing ability of bioceramic and epoxy resin-based sealers.
Materials and methods: Thirty human single-rooted mandibular premolars were instrumented using ProTaper Next rotary files. Teeth were randomly divided into three groups according to the final irrigation regimen; Group I: 5 ml 0.2% CNPs/3 min, Group II: 2.5 ml 0.2% CNPs/1.5 min followed by 2.5 ml 17% EDTA/1.5 min, and Group III: 5 ml 17% EDTA/3min. All groups were subdivided into two subgroups based on the obturation material; Subgroup A: gutta-percha/Sure-Seal Root BC Sealer and Subgroup B: gutta-percha/AH Plus. All canals were obturated using single cone obturation technique. The apical sealing ability was assessed using modified silver staining technique with ammoniacal silver nitrate tracer solution. Samples were sectioned longitudinally and examined using scanning electron microscope.
Results: Sure-Seal Root BC sealer showed significantly lower nanoleakage compared to AH Plus (p < 0.001). No significant difference was recorded in the nanoleakage of Sure-Seal Root BC sealer among the three groups (p = 0.284), while AH Plus showed a significantly higher nanoleakage in the EDTA group (p = 0.002). The depth of silver nitrate penetration into the dentinal tubules was significantly higher in AH Plus subgroup with the three different irrigation protocols (p < 0.001). For both sealers, the highest penetration depth for silver nitrate tracer solution was recorded in the EDTA group (p < 0.001).
Conclusions: The apical sealing ability of bioceramic sealers is better than that of epoxy resin-based sealers. The type of the final irrigating solution seems to affect the post-obturation seal of both AH Plus and Sure-Seal Root BC sealer.
Keywords: Bioceramic, AH Plus, Chitosan nanoparticles, EDTA, Sealing ability.
Reference-based checklist of gilled Agaricales (Basidiomycota, Fungi) from Ukraine
Authors: Prylutskyi Oleh , Prydiuk Mykola , Malanyuk Vasyl , Yakunina Valeria
Published: January 2023

Agaricales is the largest order within the class Agaricomycetes (Basidiomycota, Fungi). Most genera have a gilled (lamellate) basidiomata, though gasteroid, secotioid and cyphelloid fruit bodies also occur in several families and genera. Although gilled Agaricales (usually called "agarics") are the most investigated part of the Fungi, the last summary of their diversity in Ukraine was published back in 1996 and needs to be updated. Only several families have undergone an in-depth review over the last 30 years. Most of the data on species occurrences distributed throughout Ukraine are only partially digitised, under-represented on the Web and published primarily in Ukrainian sources.

Here, we provide the list of the 1201 scientific names of gilled Agaricales (species and infraspecific taxon ranks) ever reported from the territory of Ukraine, based on the more than 300 sources published from 1900 to 2021, as well as digitised collection specimens from three mycological collections. For each taxon mentioned in the checklist, we provide references to either known collection specimens or published sources, where researchers can find more information about the records – 8797 records in total.
S’élever, se transcender
Authors: Nordmann Sophie
Published: January 2023

Le désir de s’élever, qui a longtemps représenté un idéal individuel et collectif, résonne aujourd’hui comme une menace pour l’humanité : il serait urgent que l’Homme, emporté par l’ hybris de ce désir, retourne à sa place. Si nous en sommes là, n’est-ce pas parce que le « trans » de la transformation infinie de l’homme par l’homme est devenu le « trans » de la transgression de toutes les limites, comme il apparaît dans le transhumanisme ? Il s’agit alors de faire entendre un autre « trans », celui de la transcendance, une autre manière de s’élever qui n’est pas augmentation de notre puissance d’être mais brèche ouverte au cœur de notre être.
S’élever à l’heure de la modernité
Authors: Letonturier Éric
Published: January 2023

Le présent article s’attache à passer rapidement en revue les différentes formes que prend l’élévation, de sa définition initiale et du projet auquel l’associe traditionnellement la culture occidentale aux mutations de sens que la modernité lui impose. L’idéal verticaliste renvoyant à un modèle d’autorité appuyé sur la transcendance cède ainsi sous l’effet d’un mouvement de sécularisation qui rattache l’élévation au progrès et à la mobilité sociale. Leurs limites respectives, que l’on rattachera aussi à la difficulté d’être et de se maintenir comme un individu autonome, favorisent les injonctions d’être à la hauteur en même temps que des modes d’agir recherchant un accomplissement de soi à la fois selon des normes personnelles et l’impératif de croître en conscience sociale.
« Sortir du monde » dans la tradition bouddhique : s’élever ou faire un pas de côté ?
Authors: Kourilsky Gregory
Published: January 2023

L’élévation est a priori synonyme de noblesse, de grandeur d’âme, de hauteur de vue. On pourrait penser que cette analogie n’a rien que de trivial et que tout mouvement ascendant ne saurait être perçu qu’avec une connotation positive. Un regard porté au bouddhisme, à son dogme comme à sa pratique, apporte cependant une nuance dans cette vision univoque de l’élévation.
L’esthétique de la singularité
Authors: Mühlbacher Manuel
Published: January 2023

La notion de singularité est au cœur de la philosophie de Diderot et elle peut se lire comme une réponse aux impasses du sensualisme condillacien. En prenant ses distances par rapport à l’épistémologie rationaliste, Condillac ébranle le système traditionnel de la logique et soulève des problèmes qu’il aura du mal à résoudre. Ces problèmes concernent, avant tout, le statut des idées abstraites et générales, que Condillac définit comme des signes dénués de contenu représentatif. Tandis que ses propres textes aboutissent souvent à des abstractions vides et répètent les erreurs qu’ils étaient censées éviter, Diderot développe une philosophie qui privilégie la singularité de la représentation esthétique. Ce tournant de l’abstraction à l’imagination, du général au particulier forme le cadre dans lequel il faut comprendre sa théorie du modèle idéal et son concept du simulacre. Et pourtant la notion de singularité est traversée de difficultés : d’une part, l’épistémologie sensualiste se fonde désormais sur des images sensitives et individuelles, mais de l’autre, le caractère singulier de la sensation contrecarre toutes les tentatives d’établir une forme quelconque de généralité.
Identité personnelle et pluralité des émotions
Authors: Ventarola Barbara
Published: January 2023

Dans le Paradoxe sur le comédien Diderot aborde un grand nombre de questions, combinant et recombinant des fragments et des références à d’innombrables traditions, discours et genres textuels. Dans mon article, je me concentre sur la question de l’identité personnelle, question obsédante de Diderot qu’il relie toujours avec la question de l’identité esthétique. Une considération des différences (jusqu’à présent largement négligées) entre le niveau des énoncés et le niveau performatif de la mise en scène révèlera que la formule irritante et anachronique « nulle sensibilité » est fondamentalement mise en cause. Au lieu de cela, Diderot développe un concept pluraliste et dynamiste de la personnalité dans lequel l’unité et la pluralité, la raison et les émotions, le propre et l’étranger, l’authenticité et la mascarade sont indissolublement enchevêtrés. Cette observation permet également d’apporter de nouveaux éclairages sur son esthétique et ses réflexions méta-théoriques et de repositionner le Paradoxe dans l’œuvre de Diderot et dans le contexte de son époque.
La métaphore du mannequin chez Diderot
Authors: Igelmann Marie-Irène
Published: January 2023

Cet article vise à analyser l’usage paradoxal de la métaphore du mannequin dans l’œuvre esthétique de Denis Diderot. Dans ses écrits sur le théâtre, à savoir principalement dans le Paradoxe sur le comédien et dans la correspondance de Diderot avec M me  Riccoboni, le mannequin est présenté à la fois comme une métaphore de l’acteur idéal et du mauvais acteur. De même en peinture, comme on peut le voir dans l’ Encyclopédie et les Salons , l’usage du mannequin est tour à tour conseillé aux peintres comme outil technique aidant à la représentation de l’arrangement des draperies et proscrit comme modèle des différentes parties du corps humain. Pour mieux cerner l’ambiguïté du mannequin chez Diderot, cet article considère également le sens que prend, à l’époque, la comparaison avec une personne à un mannequin. Pour ce faire, nous nous appuyons sur des anecdotes des Mémoires secrets (dits de Bachaumont). Une attention particulière est également portée à l’usage du mannequin en peinture comme modèle du corps humain, ceci afin de comprendre le lien entre la métaphore du mannequin dans le Paradoxe sur le comédien et la théorie diderotienne du modèle idéal et du simulacre.
« Mais qui m’expliquera tous ces automates ? » Diderot et l’automate-simulacre
Authors: Gaillard Aurélia
Published: January 2023

L’étude vise à comprendre l’importance et le rôle des automates dans l’œuvre diderotienne. Elle commence par expliciter l’admiration que porte l’auteur à Vaucanson et notamment à son « Fluteur » (joueur de flûte) : elle ne réside pas uniquement dans la fascination pour la prouesse technique mais dans la conception de l’automate comme modèle opératoire. À partir de là, il est possible de cerner la spécificité de la figure de l’automate chez Diderot : tout en restant une machine, celui-ci remplit un rôle plus complexe, d’abord parce qu’il permet d’articuler une explication mécaniste et organique de la nature, ensuite parce qu’en tant que simulacre il impose l’affect d’une présence et suscite un imaginaire, enfin parce qu’il est une médiation entre les autres figures de modélisation de l’humain, particulièrement celles du pantin, de la marionnette ou du clavecin.
L’idéal éducatif chez Marmontel : entre tradition et modernité
Authors: Fourgnaud Magali
Published: January 2023

Les ambiguïtés et les contradictions de l’idéal éducatif s’expriment dans les fictions et les écrits théoriques de Marmontel, ce dernier s’inscrivant à la fois dans la lignée des pédagogues chrétiens, notamment Fénelon, et dans l’utopie des « éducations négatives » dont Rousseau est l’instigateur et qui se développe au mitan du siècle dans les fictions romanesques. Dans quelle mesure la fictionnalisation de cet idéal éducatif a-t-elle pu contribuer à son développement du xix e  siècle jusqu’à aujourd’hui ?