bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Megacity emission plume characteristics in summer and winter investigated by mobile aerosol and trace gas measurements: the Paris metropolitan area
Authors: von der Weiden-Reinmüller S.-L. , Drewnick F. , Zhang Q. J. , Freutel F. , Beekmann M. , Borrmann S.
Published: May 2014

Abstract. For the investigation of megacity emission plume characteristics mobile aerosol and trace gas measurements were carried out in the greater Paris region in July 2009 and January/February 2010 within the EU FP7 MEGAPOLI project. The deployed instruments measured physical and chemical properties of sub-micron aerosol particles, gas phase constituents of relevance for urban air pollution studies and meteorological parameters. The emission plume was identified based on fresh pollutant (e.g. particle-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, black carbon, CO2 and NOx) concentration changes in combination with wind direction data. The classification into megacity influenced and background air masses allowed a characterization of the emission plume during summer and winter environmental conditions. On average, a clear increase of fresh pollutant concentrations in plume compared to background air masses was found for both seasons. For example, an average increase of 190% (+8.8 ng m−3) in summer and of 130% (+18.1 ng m−3) in winter was found for particle-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in plume air masses. The aerosol particle size distribution in plume air masses was influenced by nucleation and growth due to coagulation and condensation in summer, while in winter only the second process seemed to be initiated by urban pollution. The observed distribution of fresh pollutants in the emission plume – its cross sectional Gaussian-like profile and the exponential decrease of pollutant concentrations with increasing distance to the megacity – are in agreement with model results. Differences between model and measurements were found for plume center location, plume width and axial plume extent. In general, dilution was identified as the dominant process determining the axial variations within the Paris emission plume. For in-depth analysis of transformation processes occurring in the advected plume, simultaneous measurements at a suburban measurement site and a stationary site outside the metropolitan area using the mobile laboratory have proven to be most useful. Organic aerosol oxidation was observed in summer, while in winter transformation processes seemed to occur at a slower rate.
Source sector and region contributions to BC and PM2.5 in Central Asia
Authors: Kulkarni S. , Sobhani N. , Miller-Schulze J. P. , Shafer M. M. , Schauer J. J. , Solomon P. A. , Saide P. E. , Spak S. N. , Cheng Y. F. , Denier van der Gon H. A. C. , Lu Z. , Streets D. G. , Janssens-Maenhout G. , Wiedinmyer C. , Lantz J. , Artamonova M. , Chen B. , Imashev S. , Sverdlik L. , Deminter J. T. , Adhikary B. , D'Allura A. , Wei C. , Carmichael G. R.
Published: May 2014

Abstract. Particulate matter (PM) mass concentrations, seasonal cycles, source sector and source region contributions in Central Asia (CA) are analyzed for the period April 2008–July 2009 using the Sulfur Transport and dEposition Model (STEM) chemical transport model and modeled meteorology from the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. Predicted Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) values (annual mean value ∼0.2) in CA vary seasonally with lowest values in the winter. Surface PM2.5 concentrations (annual mean value ∼10 μg m−3) also exhibit a seasonal cycle, with peak values and largest variability in the spring/summer, and lowest values and variability in the winter (hourly values from 2–90 μg m−3). Surface concentrations of black carbon (BC) (mean value ∼0.1 μg m−3) show peak values in the winter. The simulated values are compared to surface measurements of AOD, and PM2.5, PM10, BC, organic carbon (OC) mass concentrations at two regional sites in the Kyrgyz Republic (Lidar Station Teplokluchenka (LST) and Bishkek). The predicted values of AOD and PM mass concentrations and their seasonal cycles are fairly well captured. The carbonaceous aerosols are underpredicted in winter, and analysis suggests that the winter heating emissions are underestimated in the current inventory. Dust, from sources within and outside CA, is a significant component of the PM mass and drives the seasonal cycles of PM and AOD. On an annual basis, the power and industrial sectors are found to be the most important contributors to the anthropogenic portion of PM2.5. Residential combustion and transportation are shown to be the most important sectors for BC. Biomass burning within and outside the region also contributes to elevated PM and BC concentrations. The analysis of the transport pathways and the variations in particulate matter mass and composition in CA demonstrate that this region is strategically located to characterize regional and intercontinental transport of pollutants. Aerosols at these sites are shown to reflect dust, biomass burning and anthropogenic sources from Europe, South, East and CA, and Russia depending on the time period. Simulations for a reference 2030 emission scenario based on pollution abatement measures already committed to in current legislation show that PM2.5 and BC concentrations in the region increase, with BC growing more than PM2.5 on a relative basis. This suggests that both the health impacts and the climate warming associated with these particles may increase over the next decades unless additional control measures are taken. The importance of observations in CA to help characterize the changes that are rapidly taking place in the region are discussed.
Horizontal distributions of aerosol constituents and their mixing states in Antarctica during the JASE traverse
Authors: Hara K. , Nakazawa F. , Fujita S. , Fukui K. , Enomoto H. , Sugiyama S.
Published: May 2014

Abstract. Measurements of aerosol number concentrations and direct aerosol sampling were conducted on continental Antarctica during the traverse of Japanese–Swedish joint Antarctic expedition (JASE) from 14 November 2007 until 24 January 2008. Aerosol concentrations in background conditions decreased gradually with latitude in inland regions during the traverse. The lowest aerosol number concentrations were 160 L−1 in Dp > 0.3 μm, and 0.5 L−1 in Dp > 2 μm. In contrast, aerosol concentrations reached 3278 L−1 in Dp > 0.3 μm, and 215 L−1 in Dp > 2 μm under strong wind conditions. The estimated aerosol mass concentrations were 0.04–5.7 μg m−3. Single particle analysis of aerosol particles collected during the JASE traverse was conducted using a scanning electron microscope equipped with an energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer. Major aerosol constituents were sulfates in fine mode, and sulfate, sea-salts, modified sea-salts, and fractionated sea-salts in coarse mode. K-rich sulfates, Mg-rich sulfate, Ca-rich sulfates, and minerals were identified as minor aerosol constituents. Sea-salt particles were modified greatly with SO42− and NO3− in coarse mode, and dominantly with SO42− in fine mode during the traverse. Most sea-salt particles in the continental region were modified with sulfate and methanesulfonate near the coast, although NO3− contributed markedly to sea-salt modification in inland areas during summer. Mg-rich sea-salt particles and Mg-free sea-salt particles were present in coarse and fine modes from the coast to inland areas. These sea-salt particles might be associated with sea-salt fractionation on the snow surface of continental Antarctica.
The detectability of nitrous oxide mitigation efficacy in intensively grazed pastures using a multiple-plot micrometeorological technique
Authors: McMillan A. M. S. , Harvey M. J. , Martin R. J. , Bromley A. M. , Evans M. J. , Mukherjee S. , Laubach J.
Published: May 2014

Abstract. Methodologies are required to verify agricultural greenhouse gas mitigation at scales relevant to farm management. Micrometeorological techniques provide a viable approach for comparing fluxes between fields receiving mitigation treatments and control fields. However, they have rarely been applied to spatially verifying treatments aimed at mitigating nitrous oxide emission from intensively grazed pastoral systems. We deployed a micrometeorological system to compare N2O flux among several ~1.5 ha plots in intensively grazed dairy pasture. The sample collection and measurement system is referred to as the Field-Scale Nitrous Oxide Mitigation Assessment System (FS-NOMAS) and used a tuneable diode laser absorption spectrometer to measure N2O gradients to high precision at four locations along a 300 m transect. The utility of the FS-NOMAS to assess mitigation efficacy depends largely on its ability to resolve very small vertical N2O gradients. The performance of the FS-NOMAS was assessed in this respect in laboratory and field-based studies. The FS-NOMAS could reliably resolve gradients of 0.039 ppb between a height of 0.5 and 1.0 m. The gradient resolution achieved corresponded to the ability to detect an inter-plot N2O flux difference of 26 μg N2O–N m−2 h−1 under the most commonly encountered conditions of atmospheric mixing (quantified here by a turbulent transfer coefficient), but this ranged from 11 to 59 μg N2O–N m−2 h−1 as the transfer coefficient ranged between its 5th and 95th percentile. Assuming a likely value of 100 μg N2O–N m−2 h−1 for post-grazing N2O fluxes from intensively grazed New Zealand dairy pasture, the system described here would be capable of detecting a mitigation efficacy of 26% for a single (40 min) comparison. We demonstrate that the system has considerably greater sensitivity to treatment effects by measuring cumulative fluxes over extended periods.
Potential radio frequency interference with the GPS L5 band for radio occultation measurements
Authors: Wolff A. M. , Akos D. M. , Lo S.
Published: May 2014

Abstract. New Radio Occultation (RO) receivers are planned to utilize the newly implemented Global Positioning System (GPS) L5 signal centered at 1176.45 MHz. Since there are currently no operational GPS L5 receivers used for space-based RO applications, the interference environment is unclear. Distance Measuring Equipment (DME) and Tactical Air Navigation (TACAN) stations share the same frequency band as the GPS L5 signal. DME/TACAN signals have been identified to be a means of interference for any GPS L5 receiver. This study focuses on implementing a Systems Tools Kit (STK) simulation to gain insight into the power received by a RO satellite in Low Earth Orbit (LEO) from a DME/TACAN transmission. In order to confirm the validity of utilizing STK for communication purposes, a theoretical scenario was recreated as a simulation and the results were confirmed. Once the method was validated, STK was used to output a received power level aboard a RO satellite from a DME/TACAN station as well as a tool to predict the number of interfering DME/TACAN stations at any point in time. Taking a conservative approach, the signal power received was much greater than the typical power level received by a RO satellite from a GPS satellite transmission. This relatively high received power along with a high number of interfering DME/TACAN stations as an RO satellite passes over North America or Western Europe indicate that DME/TACAN interference may conflict with RO receivers.
Stable carbon isotope biogeochemistry of lakes along a trophic gradient
Authors: de Kluijver A. , Schoon P. L. , Downing J. A. , Schouten S. , Middelburg J. J.
Published: May 2014

Abstract. The stable carbon (C) isotope variability of dissolved inorganic and organic C (DIC and DOC), particulate organic carbon (POC), glucose and polar-lipid derived fatty acids (PLFA) were studied in a survey of 22 North American oligotrophic to eutrophic lakes. The δ13C of different PLFA were used as proxy for phytoplankton producers and bacterial consumers. Lake pCO2 was primarily determined by autochthonous production (phytoplankton biomass), especially in eutrophic lakes, and governed the δ13C of DIC. All organic-carbon pools showed larger isotopic variability in eutrophic lakes compared to oligo-mesotrophic lakes because of the high variability in δ13C at the base of the food web (both autochthonous and allochthonous carbon). Phytoplankton δ13C was negatively related to lake pCO2 over all lakes and positively related to phytoplankton biomass in eutrophic lakes, which was also reflected in a large range in photosynthetic isotope fractionation (ϵCO2-phyto, 8–25 ‰). The carbon isotope ratio of allochthonous carbon in oligo-mesotrophic lakes was rather constant, while it varied in eutrophic lakes because of maize cultivation in the watershed.
Modeling radiocarbon dynamics in soils: SoilR version 1.1
Authors: Sierra C. A. , Müller M. , Trumbore S. E.
Published: May 2014

Abstract. Radiocarbon is an important tracer of the global carbon cycle that helps to understand carbon dynamics in soils. It is useful to estimate rates of organic matter cycling as well as the mean residence or transit time of carbon in soils. We included a set of functions to model the fate of radiocarbon in soil organic matter within the SoilR package for the R environment for computing. Here we present the main system equations and functions to calculate the transfer and release of radiocarbon from different soil organic matter pools. Similarly, we present functions to calculate the mean transit time for different pools and the entire soil system. This new version of SoilR also includes a group of datasets describing the amount of radiocarbon in the atmosphere over time, data necessary to estimate the incorporation of radiocarbon in soils. Also, we present examples on how to obtain parameters of pool-based models from radiocarbon data using inverse parameter estimation. This implementation is general enough so it can also be used to trace the incorporation of radiocarbon in other natural systems that can be represented as linear dynamical systems.
A robust method for inverse transport modelling of atmospheric emissions using blind outlier detection
Authors: Martinez-Camara M. , Béjar Haro B. , Stohl A. , Vetterli M.
Published: May 2014

Abstract. Emissions of harmful substances into the atmosphere are a serious environmental concern. In order to understand and predict their effects, it is necessary to estimate the exact quantity and timing of the emissions, from sensor measurements taken at different locations. There exists a number of methods for solving this problem. However, these existing methods assume Gaussian additive errors, making them extremely sensitive to outlier measurements. We first show that the errors in real-world measurement datasets come from a heavy-tailed distribution, i.e., include outliers. Hence, we propose to robustify the existing inverse methods by adding a blind outlier detection algorithm. The improved performance of our method is demonstrated on a real dataset and compared to previously proposed methods. For the blind outlier detection, we first use an existing algorithm, RANSAC, and then propose a modification called TRANSAC, which provides a further performance improvement.
Direct numerical simulations of particle-laden density currents with adaptive, discontinuous finite elements
Authors: Parkinson S. D. , Hill J. , Piggott M. D. , Allison P. A.
Published: May 2014

Abstract. High resolution direct numerical simulations (DNS) are an important tool for the detailed analysis of turbidity current dynamics. Models that resolve the vertical structure and turbulence of the flow are typically based upon the Navier–Stokes equations. Two-dimensional simulations are known to produce unrealistic cohesive vortices that are not representative of the real three-dimensional physics. The effect of this phenomena is particularly apparent in the later stages of flow propagation. The ideal solution to this problem is to run the simulation in three dimensions but this is computationally expensive. This paper presents a novel finite-element (FE) DNS turbidity current model that has been built within Fluidity, an open source, general purpose, computational fluid dynamics code. The model is validated through re-creation of a lock release density current at a Grashof number of 5 × 106 in two, and three-dimensions. Validation of the model considers the flow energy budget, sedimentation rate, head speed, wall normal velocity profiles and the final deposit. Conservation of energy in particular is found to be a good metric for measuring mesh performance in capturing the range of dynamics. FE models scale well over many thousands of processors and do not impose restrictions on domain shape, but they are computationally expensive. Use of discontinuous discretisations and adaptive unstructured meshing technologies, which reduce the required element count by approximately two orders of magnitude, results in high resolution DNS models of turbidity currents at a fraction of the cost of traditional FE models. The benefits of this technique will enable simulation of turbidity currents in complex and large domains where DNS modelling was previously unachievable.
Comprehensive evaluation of water resources security in the Yellow River basin based on a fuzzy multi-attribute decision analysis approach
Authors: Liu K. K. , Li C. H. , Cai Y. P. , Xu M. , Xia X. H.
Published: May 2014

Abstract. In this paper, a fuzzy multi-attribute decision analysis approach (FMADAA) was developed for supporting the evaluation of water resources security in nine provinces within the Yellow River basin. A numerical approximation system and a modified left–right scoring approach were adopted to cope with the uncertainties in the acquired information. Also, four conventional multi-attribute decision analysis (MADA) methods were implemented in the evaluation model for impact evaluation, including simple weighted addition (SWA), weighted product (WP), cooperative game theory (CGT) and technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS). Moreover, several aggregation methods including average ranking procedure, Borda and Copeland methods were used to integrate the ranking results, helping rank the water resources security in those nine provinces as well as improving reliability of evaluation results. The ranking results showed that the water resources security of the entire basin was in critical condition, including the insecurity and absolute insecurity states, especially in Shanxi, Inner Mongolia and Ningxia provinces in which water resources were lower than the average quantity in China. Hence, the improvement of water eco-environment statuses in the above-mentioned provinces should be prioritized in the future planning of the Yellow River basin.
Detection and thermal description of medicanes from numerical simulation
Authors: Picornell M. A. , Campins J. , Jansà A.
Published: May 2014

Abstract. Tropical-like cyclones rarely affect the Mediterranean region but they can produce strong winds and heavy precipitations. These warm-core cyclones, called MEDICANES (MEDIterranean hurriCANES), are small in size, develop over the sea and are infrequent. For these reasons, the detection and forecast of medicanes are a difficult task and many efforts have been devoted to identify them. The goals of this work are to contribute to a proper description of these structures and to develop some criteria to identify medicanes from numerical weather prediction (NWP) model outputs. To do that, existing methodologies for detecting, characterizating and tracking cyclones have been adapted to small-scale intense cyclonic perturbations. First, a mesocyclone detection and tracking algorithm has been modified to select intense cyclones. Next, the parameters that define the Hart's cyclone phase diagram are tuned and calculated to examine their thermal structure. Four well-known medicane events have been described from numerical simulation outputs of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecast (ECMWF) model. The predicted cyclones and their evolution have been validated against available observational data and numerical analyses from the literature.
Evaluating the importance of surface soil contributions to reservoir sediment in alpine environments: a combined modelling and fingerprinting approach in the Posets-Maladeta Natural Park
Authors: Palazón L. , Gaspar L. , Latorre B. , Blake W. , Navas A.
Published: May 2014

Abstract. Soil in alpine environments plays a key role in the development of ecosystem. Identify, maintain and preserve its resources, as well as recognize processes that would affect them are important and of practical interest. Environmental concerns about these fragile systems which are threatened by the human pressure and climatic change have stressed the need to gather information in soil erosion processes. As most mountain alpine environment the Benasque catchment is characterized by temperatures below freezing that can last from November to April, strong rainfall events and rugged topography. Indirect studies, such as combined model approaches, could be an alternative to evaluate soil erosion on these areas. In this study the complementary tools of Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) and fingerprinting procedure were used to assess an initial approach on soil erosion processes which take place in the area of the Posets-Maladeta National Park (Central Spanish Pyrenees). Soil erosion rates and sediment contribution of potential sediment sources (Kastanozem/Phaeozem; Fluvisol; Cambisol and channel bed sediments) were assessed. SWAT model identified Cambisols as the main source of sediment of the Benasque catchment with the highest specific sediment yields and Phaeozems and Fluvisols were identified as the lowest sediment contributors. Spring and winter performed the highest and lowest specific sediment yield, respectively. Fingerprinting procedure identified channel bed sediment and Fluvisols as the main sediment sources indicating the main influence of connectivity. The combined approach enabled us to better understand soil erosion processes in the Benasque alpine catchment.
The effect of changing sea ice on the vulnerability of Arctic coasts
Authors: Barnhart K. R. , Overeem I. , Anderson R. S.
Published: May 2014

Abstract. Shorefast sea ice prevents the interaction of the land and the ocean in the Arctic winter and influences this interaction in the summer by governing the fetch. In many parts of the Arctic the sea-ice-free season is increasing in duration, and the summertime sea ice extents are decreasing. Sea ice provides a first order control on the vulnerability of Arctic coasts to erosion, inundation, and damage to settlements and infrastructure. We ask how the changing sea ice cover has influenced coastal erosion over the satellite record. First, we present a pan-Arctic analysis of satellite-based sea ice concentration specifically along the Arctic coasts. The median length of the 2012 open water season in comparison to 1979 expanded by between 1.5 and 3-fold by Arctic sea sector which allows for open water during the stormy Arctic fall. Second, we present a case study of Drew Point, Alaska, a site on the Beaufort Sea characterized by ice-rich permafrost and rapid coastal erosion rates where both the duration of the sea ice free season and distance to the sea ice edge, particularly towards the northwest, has increased. At Drew Point, winds from the northwest result in increased water levels at the coast and control the process of submarine notch incision, the rate-limiting step of coastal retreat. When open water conditions exist, the distance to the sea ice edge exerts control on the water level and wave field through its control on fetch. We find that the extreme values of water level set-up have increased, consistent with increasing fetch.
In vivo 3D Kinematics of Axis of Rotation in Malunited Monteggia Fracture Dislocation
Authors: Kim Eugene , Park Se Jin , Jeong Haw Jae , Ahn Jin Whan , Shin Hun Kyu , Park Jai Hyung , Lee Mi Yeon , Tsuyoshi Murase , Sumika Ikemototo , Kazuomi Sugamoto , Choi Young Min
Published: May 2014

BACKGROUND: Normal elbow joint kinematics has been widely studied in cadaver, whilst in vivo study, especially of the forearm, is rare. Our study analyses, in vivo, the kinematics of normal forearm and of malunited forearm using a three-dimensional computerized simulation system.METHODS: We examined 8 patients with malunited Monteggia fracture and 4 controls with normal elbow joint. The ulna and radius were reconstructed from CT data placing the forearm in three different positions; full pronation, neutral, and full supination using computer bone models. We analyzed the axis of rotation 3-dimentionally based on the axes during forearm rotation from full pronation to full supination.RESULTS: Axis of rotation of normal forearm was pitch line, with a mean range of 2 mm, from full pronation to full supination, connecting the radial head center proximally and ulnar fovea distally. In normal forearm, the mean range was 1.32 mm at the proximal radioulnar joint and 1.51 mm at the distal radioulnar joint. However in Monteggia fracture patients, this range changed to 7.65 mm at proximal and 4.99 mm at distal radoulnar joint.CONCLUSIONS: During forearm rotation, the axis of rotation was constant in normal elbow joint but unstable in malunited Monteggia fracture patients as seen with radial head instability. Therefore, consideration should be given not only to correcting deformity but also to restoring AOR by 3D kinematics analysis before surgical treatment of such fractures.
Osteochondritis Dissecans in Medial Trochlea of the Humerus in a Pitcher: A Case Report
Authors: Lee Jin Ho , Kim Myung Sun
Published: May 2014

Osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) is an idiopathic condition affecting the articular epiphysis. Initially described in the knee, this entity affects several other parts of the body such as the talar dome, tarsal navicular, and femoral capital epiphysis. Osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) of the elbow is typically located in the capitellum of the humerus in young teenagers. OCD of humeral trochlea is very rare, but can be occurred among young athletes. OCD developed medial trochlea was extremely rare, especially, without any other trauma. We present a patient, pitcher with OCD in the medial trochlea of the humerus who underwent arthroscopic debridement and microfracture.
Arthroscopic Partial Repair of Massive Contracted Rotator Cuff Tears
Authors: Kim Sung Jae , Kim Young Hwan , Chun Yong Min
Published: May 2014

Typically, massive rotator cuff tears have stiff and retracted tendon with poor muscle quality, in such cases orthopaedic surgeons are confronted with big challenging to restore the cuff to its native footprint. Furthermore, even with some restoration of the footprint, it is related with a high re-tear rate due to less tension free repair and less tendon coverage. In this tough circumstance, the partial repair has yielded satisfactory outcomes at relatively short follow-up by re-creating the transverse force couple of the rotator cuff. Through this partial repair, the massive rotator cuff tear can be converted to the "functional rotator cuff tear" and provide improvement in pain and functional outcomes in patient's shoulder.
Improving Positive Blood Culture Removal Time Significantly Decreases Total Processing Time
Authors: Salazar Eric , Divatia Mukul , Cernoch Patricia L. , Olsen Randall J. , Long S. Wesley , Land Geoffrey A. , Davis James R. , Musser James M.
Published: May 2014

Context

Timely processing of blood cultures with positive results, including Gram staining and notification of clinicians, is a critical function of the clinical microbiology laboratory. Analysis of processing time in our laboratory revealed opportunities to enhance workflow efficiency. We found that the average time from positive blood culture result to removal of the bottle for processing (positive-to-removal [PR] time) was inadequate for our rapid pathogen identification program.

Objective

To determine whether increased vigilance about PR time and prioritization of laboratory resources would decrease PR time and total processing time.

Design

We performed a retrospective analysis of blood culture PR time 7 months before and 7 months after an in-service meeting during which the importance of PR time was emphasized, and corrective measures were implemented.

Results

Before the in-service meeting, the average PR time for 5057 samples was 38 minutes, with an aggregate time of 192 251 minutes. Unexpectedly, we discovered that only 51.8% (2617 of 5057) of the positive blood cultures were removed in less than 10 minutes. After the in-service meeting, for 5293 samples, the average PR time improved to 8 minutes, the aggregate time improved to 44 630 minutes, and 84.5% (4470 of 5293) of the positive blood cultures were removed in less than 10 minutes. These improvements reduced the time to telephone notification of the Gram stain results to a caregiver by 46.7% (from 105 minutes to 56 minutes).

Conclusions

Increased awareness of barriers to rapid pathogen identification and interventions for improving performance time significantly enhanced care of patients with bloodstream infections.
A produção intelectual em RBV: uma incursão bibliométrica nos principais periódicos nacionais
Authors: Lebbos Favoreto Ricardo , Amâncio-Vieira Saulo Fabiano , Shimada Alexandre Teruky
Published: May 2014

Desde a década de 1980, a Visão Baseada em Recursos (VBR) tem-se destacado como uma das principais teorias do campo da estratégia, influenciando em larga escala o pensamento moderno em gestão estratégica. Tem atraído muitos teóricos e dela dimanam publicações de alto impacto. Procede-se neste artigo a um mapeamento bibliométrico da produção intelectual na teoria, tomando-se por base as publicações veiculadas nos principais periódicos nacionais, classificados de A1 a B2. Objetivou-se identificar o perfil dos autores, como os autores se relacionam, e quais são as obras mais referenciadas. Trata-se de pesquisa exploratória, de caráter quantitativo descritivo. 39 artigos foram analisados. Todas as citações foram listadas e contadas. Leis da bibliometria formatam o referencial teórico. A análise das instituições, dos autores e das citações das obras possibilita definir o core da teoria, e os resultados expostos ajudam os pesquisadores da área a entender como o campo teórico está estruturado, o que pode ser especialmente útil a pesquisadores que se iniciam no campo.
Percepção do ambiente organizacional e comportamento estratégico dos gestores de IES
Authors: Lang Jeter , Butzke Marco Aurélio , Rossetto Carlos Ricardo , Vieira Marinho Sidnei , Alberton Anete
Published: May 2014

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar a existência de relação entre o ambiente organizacional externo percebido e o comportamento estratégico adotado pelos coordenadores de cursos de IES do Paraná e de Santa Catarina. A base teórica é dada por Duncan (1972), quanto às dimensões de ambiente, e Miles e Snow (1978), quanto ao tipo estratégico. A pesquisa é de cunho quantitativo descritivo do tipo survey, utilizando para alcançar os resultados, além da estatística descritiva, técnicas de análise multivariadas aplicadas aos dados coletados por meio de questionário. O ambiente que envolve as IES é percebido como dinâmico-simples por 71,21% dos coordenadores. Isso indica que os coordenadores apresentam percepção moderadamente elevada da incerteza. A variável ambiental regulatória, que envolve leis, normas e regulamentos, e ainda possui o MEC e PROUNI como os principais elementos, configuraram-se como a mais relevante. O comportamento estratégico predominante é o analista, com 46,97% dos respondentes, fato que indica a tendência a manter uma linha limitada de serviços e, concomitantemente, a busca por novas opções que foram bem-sucedidas em outras Instituições. Esse coordenador está vinculado à instituição privada e percebe o ambiente como dinâmico-complexo e ocupa o cargo entre 5 e 9 anos.
Planejamento estratégico em empresas do setor educacional: um estudo de caso em uma instituição de ensino infantile
Authors: Brandão Rachel Niza , Luzzi Las Casas Alexandre
Published: May 2014

Escolas de educação infantil são instituições que com frequência aparecem na condição de micro e pequenas empresas sendo caracterizadas como prestadoras de serviços para crianças de zero a 6 anos. Devido às suas peculiaridades, uma pequena empresa do setor educacional demanda ferramentas que possibilitem seu desenvolvimento considerando as características do mercado e os entraves comumente encontrados. O planejamento estratégico oferece aos empreendedores dos centros de educação infantil condições de avaliar o que ocorre nos ambientes interno e externo da empresa e, a partir de então, definir estratégias que permitam às escolas alcançarem seus objetivos. Este artigo visa analisar a prática do planejamento estratégico nas instituições de ensino infantil. O método de pesquisa utilizado é o estudo de caso; para isso, selecionou-se a Escola da Vila. Entre os principais resultados encontrados, observou-se que a instituição utiliza o planejamento estratégico e obtém retornos positivos por esse motivo.
Complete morphologies of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons in the mouse
Authors: Wu Hao , Williams John , Nathans Jeremy
Published: May 2014

The basal forebrain cholinergic system modulates neuronal excitability and vascular tone throughout the cerebral cortex and hippocampus. This system is severely affected in Alzheimer's disease (AD), and drug treatment to enhance cholinergic signaling is widely used as symptomatic therapy in AD. Defining the full morphologies of individual basal forebrain cholinergic neurons has, until now, been technically beyond reach due to their large axon arbor sizes. Using genetically-directed sparse labeling, we have characterized the complete morphologies of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons in the mouse. Individual arbors were observed to span multiple cortical columns, and to have >1000 branch points and total axon lengths up to 50 cm. In an AD model, cholinergic axons were slowly lost and there was an accumulation of axon-derived material in discrete puncta. Calculations based on published morphometric data indicate that basal forebrain cholinergic neurons in humans have a mean axon length of ∼100 meters.
New and noteworthy moss records for Turkey and Southwest Asia
Authors: Özdemir Turan , Batan Nevzat
Published: May 2014

Following a recent bryological foray to northern Turkey Rhizomnium striatulum (Mitt.) T.J.Kop., Leucodon coreensis

Cardot and Leucobryum bowringii Mitt. are reported new to Turkey, the Mediterranean and Southwest Asia. Cyrtomnium Holmen is a new genus record for Turkey and Southwest Asia and Cyrtomnium hymenophylloides (Hübener) T.J.Kop. a new record for Turkey and Southwest Asia. Illustrations, ecology, geographic distribution and brief comparisons with morphologically similar taxa are given.
Audit and feedback intervention: An examination of differences in chiropractic record-keeping compliance
Authors: Homb Nicole M. , Sheybani Shayan , Derby Dustin , Wood Kurt
Published: May 2014

Objective

The objective of this study was to investigate the association of a clinical documentation quality improvement program using audit–feedback with clinical compliance to indicators of quality chart documentation.

Methods

This was an analysis of differences between adherence to quality indicators of chiropractic record documentation and audit–feedback intervention (feedback report only vs. feedback report with one-on-one educational consultation) at different campuses. Comparisons among groups were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA), Tukey or Dunnett post hoc tests, and Cohen's d effect size estimates.

Results

There was a significant increase in the mean percentile compliance in 2 of 5 compliance areas and 1 of 11 compliance objectives. Campus B demonstrated significantly higher levels of compliance relative to campus A and/or campus C in 5 of 5 compliance areas and 7 of 11 compliance objectives. Across-campus comparisons indicated that the compliance area Review (Non-Medicare) Treatment Plan [F(2,18) = 17.537, p < .001] and compliance objective Treatment Plan Goals [F(2,26) = 5.653, p < .001] exhibited the highest practical importance for clinical compliance practice.

Conclusions

Feedback of performance improved compliance to indicators of quality health record documentation, especially when baseline adherence is relatively low. Required educational consultations with clinicians combined with audit–feedback were no more effective at increasing compliance to indicators of quality health record documentation than audit–feedback alone.
Hydrocarbon seepage and its sources at mud volcanoes of the Kumano forearc basin, Nankai Trough subduction zone
Authors: Pape Thomas , Geprägs Patrizia , Hammerschmidt Sebastian , Wintersteller Paul , Wei Jiangong , Fleischmann Timo , Bohrmann Gerhard , Kopf Achim J.
Published: May 2014

Twelve submarine mud volcanoes (MV) in the Kumano forearc basin within the Nankai Trough subduction zone were investigated for hydrocarbon origins and fluid dynamics. Gas hydrates diagnostic for methane concentrations exceeding solubilities were recovered from MVs 2, 4, 5, and 10. Molecular ratios (C1/C2 < 250) and stable carbon isotopic compositions (δ13C‐CH4 >−40‰ V‐PDB) indicate that hydrate‐bound hydrocarbons (HCs) at MVs 2, 4, and 10 are derived from thermal cracking of organic matter. Considering thermal gradients at the nearby IODP Sites C0009 and C0002, the likely formation depth of such HCs ranges between 2300 and 4300 m below seafloor (mbsf). With respect to basin sediment thickness and the minimum distance to the top of the plate boundary thrust we propose that the majority of HCs fueling the MVs is derived from sediments of the Cretaceous to Tertiary Shimanto belt below Pliocene/Pleistocene to recent basin sediments. Considering their sizes and appearances hydrates are suggested to be relicts of higher MV activity in the past, although the sporadic presence of vesicomyid clams at MV 2 showed that fluid migration is sufficient to nourish chemosynthesis‐based organisms in places. Distributions of dissolved methane at MVs 3, 4, 5, and 8 pointed at fluid supply through one or few MV conduits and effective methane oxidation in the immediate subsurface. The aged nature of the hydrates suggests that the major portion of methane immediately below the top of the methane‐containing sediment interval is fueled by current hydrate dissolution rather than active migration from greater depth.
Collisionless resistivity in a bifurcated current sheet
Authors: Andriyas T. , Spencer E.
Published: May 2014

The collisionless resistivity due to charged particle chaos in spatially inhomogeneous magnetic fields is calculated for two frequently observed magnetotail current sheets, the X line, and a bifurcated current sheet (BCS) over varying strengths of cross‐tail electric field. The calculation is done for two charged species, protons and O+ ions, found in the magnetotail specially during active times. Chaotic behavior of the particles is studied for the chaos parameter κ≈1defined by Buchner and Zelenyi (1989) as the square root of minimum radius of curvature to the maximum particle gyroradius. The surface of section plot and maximal Lyapunov exponents are analyzed to compare the particle behavior in the two magnetic field topologies. It is found that the particle behavior in a BCS is chaotic around the two humps located at ±z0 and that the configuration is more chaotic than the X line (maximum Lyapunov exponent for X line is around 0.25 compared to 0.34 for BCS). The collisionless resistivity is calculated using the technique developed by Numata and Yoshida (2003). The method relies on a phenomenological equivalence between the particle loss rate from the chaos region and rate of change of momentum in the chaos region under steady state conditions. Rapid decay of the particles from the chaos region is modeled with exponential fits, and it is found that a double exponent is needed for O+ ions in an X line and for both species in the BCS. The resistivity thus calculated is found to be 9–10 orders of magnitude higher than the Spitzer resistivity.
Height‐dependent ionospheric variations in the vicinity of nightside poleward expanding aurora after substorm onset
Authors: Oyama S. , Miyoshi Y. , Shiokawa K. , Kurihara J. , Tsuda T. T. , Watkins B. J.
Published: May 2014

High‐latitude ionospheric variations at times near auroral substorms exhibit large temporal variations in both vertical and horizontal extents. Statistical analysis was made of data from the European Incoherent Scatter UHF radar at Tromsø, Norway, and International Monitor for Auroral Geomagnetic Effects magnetometer for finding common features in electron density, ion and electron temperatures and relating these to currents and associated heating. This paper particularly focused on the height dependencies. Results show clear evidences of large electric field with corresponding frictional heating and Pedersen currents located just outside the front of the poleward expanding aurora, which typically appeared at the eastside of westward traveling surge. At the beginning of the substorm recovery phase, the ionospheric density had a large peak in the E region and a smaller peak in the F region. This structure was named as C form in this paper based on its shape in the altitude‐time plot. The lower altitude density maximum is associated with hard auroral electron precipitation probably during pulsating aurora. We attribute the upper F region density maximum to local ionization by lower energy particle precipitation and/or long‐lived plasma that is convected horizontally into the overhead measurement volume from the dayside hemisphere.
Infrasonic sounds excited by seismic waves of the 2011 Tohoku‐oki earthquake as visualized in ionograms
Authors: Maruyama Takashi , Shinagawa Hiroyuki
Published: May 2014

After the M 9.0 Tohoku‐oki earthquake in 2011, strong deformation of ionogram echo traces, forming multiple cusp signatures (MCSs), were observed at three stations 790–1880 km from the epicenter. The vertical structure of the ionospheric disturbances was determined by true height analysis and compared with broadband seismograph records at stations close to the ionosondes. These ionospheric disturbances were caused by vertically propagating acoustic waves excited by the up/down ground motion of seismic waves. Numerical simulations have shown that acoustic waves with a period of 15–40 s and amplitude of order 1 mm/s at the ground level were sufficient to create MCSs as sharp as those observed. These acoustic wave parameters are consistent with the seismic records if the motion of the air mass on the ground level is assumed to be the same as the ground motion. The travel time diagram of the seismic records along the line connecting the epicenter and ionosondes showed that the first MCS ionogram detected at each station was caused by P waves, while the others were caused by Rayleigh waves.
Thermo‐poro‐mechanics of chemically active creeping faults. 1: Theory and steady state considerations
Authors: Alevizos S. , Poulet T. , Veveakis E.
Published: May 2014

In this paper, we study the behavior of a fluid‐saturated fault under shear, based on the assumption that the material inside exhibits rate‐ and temperature‐dependent frictional behavior. A creeping fault of this type can produce excess heat due to shear heating, reaching temperatures which are high enough to trigger endothermic chemical reactions. We focus on fluid‐release reactions and incorporate excess pore pressure generation and porosity variations due to the chemical effects (a process called chemical pressurization). We provide the mathematical formulation for coupled thermo‐hydro‐chemo‐mechanical processes and study the influence of the frictional, hydraulic, and chemical properties of the material, along with the boundary conditions of the problem on the behavior of the fault. Regimes of stable‐frictional sliding and pressurization emerge, and the conditions for the appearance of periodic creep‐to‐pressurization instabilities are then derived. The model thus extends the classical mechanical stick‐slip instabilities by identifying chemical pressurization as the process governing the slip phase. The different stability regimes identified match the geological observations about subduction zones. The model presented was specifically tested in the Episodic Tremor and Slip sequence of the Cascadia megathrust, reproducing the displacement data available from the GPS network installed. Through this process, we identify that the slow slip events in Cascadia could be due to the in situ dehydration of serpentinite minerals. During this process, the fluid pressures increase to sublithostatic values and lead to the weakening of the creeping slab.
Volcanic signatures in time gravity variations during the volcanic unrest on El Hierro (Canary Islands)
Authors: Sainz‐Maza Aparicio S. , Arnoso Sampedro J. , Gonzalez Montesinos F. , Martí Molist J.
Published: May 2014

Gravity changes occurring during the initial stage of the 2011–2012 El Hierro submarine eruption are interpreted in terms of the preeruptive signatures during the episode of unrest. Continuous gravity measurements were made at two sites on the island using the relative spring gravimeter LaCoste and Romberg gPhone‐054. On 15 September 2011, an observed gravity decrease of 45 μGal, associated with the southward migration of seismic epicenters, is consistent with a lateral magma migration that occurred beneath the volcanic edifice, an apparently clear precursor of the eruption that took place 25 days later on 10 October 2011. High‐frequency gravity signals also appeared on 6–11 October 2011, pointing to an occurring interaction between a magmatic intrusion and the ocean floor. These important gravity changes, with amplitudes varying from 10 to −90 μGal, during the first 3 days following the onset of the eruption are consistent with the northward migration of the eruptive focus along an active eruptive fissure. An apparent correlation of gravity variations with body tide vertical strain was also noted, which could indicate that concurrent tidal triggering occurred during the initial stage of the eruption.
GRGM900C: A degree 900 lunar gravity model from GRAIL primary and extended mission data
Authors: Lemoine Frank G. , Goossens Sander , Sabaka Terence J. , Nicholas Joseph B. , Mazarico Erwan , Rowlands David D. , Loomis Bryant D. , Chinn Douglas S. , Neumann Gregory A. , Smith David E. , Zuber Maria T.
Published: May 2014

We have derived a gravity field solution in spherical harmonics to degree and order 900, GRGM900C, from the tracking data of the Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory (GRAIL) Primary (1 March to 29 May 2012) and Extended Missions (30 August to 14 December 2012). A power law constraint of 3.6 ×10−4/ℓ2 was applied only for degree ℓ greater than 600. The model produces global correlations of gravity, and gravity predicted from lunar topography of ≥ 0.98 through degree 638. The model's degree strength varies from a minimum of 575–675 over the central nearside and farside to 900 over the polar regions. The model fits the Extended Mission Ka‐Band Range Rate data through 17 November 2012 at 0.13 μm/s RMS, whereas the last month of Ka‐Band Range‐Rate data obtained from altitudes of 2–10 km fit at 0.98 μm/s RMS, indicating that there is still signal inherent in the tracking data beyond degree 900.