bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Natural association of the entomopathogenic nematode Heterorhabditis indica (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae) from the Philippines with the non-symbiotic bacterium Ochrobactrum anthropi (Proteobacteria: Brucellaceae)
Authors: Leonar April Lyn , Nimkingrat Prakaijan , Aryal Sitaram , Martinez Joey Genevieve , Bhat Aashaq Hussain , Sumaya Nanette Hope
Published: July 2022

Background

Entomopathogenic nematodes of the genera Heterorhabditis and Steinernema are widely used as biocontrol agents against diverse insect pests. Their association with symbiont bacteria is found to be the primary cause of insect mortality. The present study reported a comprehensive characterization of a local Philippine EPN isolate using congruent morpho-taxometrical and molecular data and the associated bacterium in the infective dauer juveniles.

Results

Using an insect-baiting technique, a nematode isolate labeled F2H was recovered from the sandy soils in the coastal area of southern Philippines. Based on morphology and morpho-taxometrics, the F2H isolate collected from Iligan City was identified as Heterorhabditis indica. Analysis of the ITS region of rDNA revealed the highest sequence match to H. indica. The sequences of the bacterial 16S rDNA gene showed that the symbiont of H. indica presented 100% similitude with the sequences of Ochrobactrum anthropi. Further, pairwise alignment and phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that O. anthropi, O. lupini and O. cytisi shared 100% similarity and form a monophyletic clade. These strains have not presented any differences in the phylogenetic and 16S rDNA data, and O. lupini and O. cytisi should be considered a later heterotypic synonym of O. anthropi.

Conclusions

The description of H. indica-O. anthropi association was the first report in the Philippines. This provides additional account and collection of naturally isolated EPN-bacteria, contributing to limited knowledge on its diversity in the Philippines, which can be utilized in the biocontrol of pests after further comprehensive assessments.
Potential of selected plant essential oils in management of Sitophilus oryzae (L.) and Rhiyzopertha dominica (F.) on wheat grains
Authors: Abo Arab Raafat Badr , El-Tawelah Nariman Mohamed , Abouelatta Ahmed Mohamed , Hamza Amal Moustafa
Published: July 2022

Background

Two plant essential oils, basil (Ocimum basilicumL.) and petitgrain mandarin (Citrus reticulateL.), and one pyrethroid chemical insecticide, lambda-cyhalothrin, were evaluated against two of the most important stored product insect pests,Sitophilus oryzaeandRhyzopertha dominica, on wheat grains under laboratory conditions using mixing with feeding method. The effect of the tested materials was studied on F1progeny of the tested insects. Chemical components of the oils and side effects on protein content percentage, total carbohydrates of wheat grain and germination were investigated.

Results

Results obtained showed that the two oils had a good insecticidal effect on the tested insects. Petitgrain mandarin oil was the premier. The two tested essential oils reduced the F1progeny. In addition, the progressive of periods after storage (0–180 days) significantly reduced protein content (%) and total carbohydrates compared to control. Nearly, there were no significant differences between treatments (LC50and LC95) of basil and (petitgrain) mandarin on the studied parameters. Germination percentages from 0 to 180 days post-storage had slight differences between control and treatments for oils. Lambda-cyhalothrin significantly reduced germination, especially with the LC95from 60 to 180 days. Chemical analysis demonstrated that the main components of basil oil were linalool, eugenol, methyl chavicol and cani, while the main components of petitgrain mandarin oil were dimethyl panthenalate, α-terpinene, β-cinem and citral accounting for 71.1 and 95% of the two oils, respectively.

Conclusions

The results obtained proved that the two tested plant essential oils had an obvious role in suppressing the activity of the two tested insects and can be used in an integrated pest management program. The two tested essential oils can be used as green pesticides and can be effective alternatives for chemical pesticides.
Relevance of Bone Marrow Biopsies for Response Assessment in US National Cancer Institute National Clinical Trials Network Follicular Lymphoma Clinical Trials
Authors: Rutherford Sarah C. , Yin Jun , Pederson Levi , Perez Burbano Gabriela , LaPlant Betsy , Shadman Mazyar , Li Hongli , LeBlanc Michael L. , Kenkre Vaishalee P. , Hong Fangxin , Blum Kristie A. , Dockter Travis , Martin Peter , Jung Sin-Ho , Grant Barbara , Rosenbaum Cara , Ujjani Chaitra , Barr Paul M. , Unger Joseph M. , Cheson Bruce D. , Bartlett Nancy L. , Kahl Brad , Friedberg Jonathan W. , Mandrekar Sumithra J. , Leonard John P.
Published: July 2022

PURPOSE

Bone marrow biopsies (BMB) are performed before/after therapy to confirm complete response (CR) in patients with lymphoma on clinical trials. We sought to establish whether BMB add value in assessing response or predict progression-free survival (PFS) or overall survival (OS) outcomes in follicular lymphoma (FL) subjects in a large, multicenter, multitrial cohort.

METHODS

Data were pooled from seven trials of 580 subjects with previously untreated FL through Alliance for Clinical Trials in Oncology (Alliance) and SWOG Cancer Research Network (SWOG) completing enrollment from 2008 to 2016.

RESULTS

Only 5/580 (0.9%) had positive baseline BMB, CR on imaging, and subsequent positive BMB ( P < .0001). Therefore, BMB were irrelevant to response in 99% of subjects. A sensitivity analysis of 385 FL subjects treated on an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group study was included. In the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group cohort, 5/385 (1.3%) had BMB that affected response assessment. Since some subjects do not undergo confirmatory BMB, we performed a landmark survival analysis from first radiologic CR with data from 580 subjects from Alliance and SWOG. Of subjects with CR on imaging (n = 187), PFS and OS were not significantly different among those with negative BMB to confirm CR (n = 47) versus those without repeat BMB (n = 140; PFS: adjusted hazard ratio, 1.10, 95% CI, 0.62 to 1.94, log-rank P = .686; OS: hazard ratio, 0.59, 95% CI, 0.23 to 1.53, log-rank P = .276).

CONCLUSION

We conclude that BMB add little value to response assessment in subjects with FL treated on clinical trials and we recommend eliminating BMB from clinical trial requirements. BMB should also be removed from diagnostic guidelines for FL except in scenarios in which it may change management including confirmation of limited stage and assessment of cytopenias. This would reduce cost, patient discomfort, resource utilization, and potentially remove a barrier to trial enrollment.
Efficacy of Isothermic Conditioning over Military-Based Heat Acclimatization and Interval Training in Tropical Native Males
Authors: TAN SHAWN CHEE CHONG , ANG WEE HON , LIM LOUISA SI XIAN , LOW IVAN CHERH CHIET , LEE JASON KAI WEI
Published: July 2022

Purpose

We compared the effectiveness of three field-based training programs, namely military-based heat acclimatization (MHA), isothermic conditioning (IC) and interval training (IT), in inducing physiological adaptations in tropical natives.

Methods

Fifty-one untrained tropical native males (mean ± standard deviation: age, 25 ± 2 yr; body mass index, 23.6 ± 3.2 kg·m−2; body fat, 19% ± 5%; 2.4-km run time, 13.2 ± 0.9 min) donned the Full Battle Order attire (22 kg) and performed a treadmill route march heat stress test in an environmental chamber (dry bulb temperature, 29.9°C ± 0.5°C; relative humidity, 70% ± 3%). Heat stress tests were conducted before (PRE) and after (POST) a 2-wk training intervention consisting of either a MHA (n = 17, 10 sessions of military-based heat acclimatization), IC (n = 17, 10 sessions with target gastrointestinal temperature (T
gi) ≥ 38.5°C) or IT (n = 17, six sessions of high-intensity interval training) program. T
gi, HR, mean weighted skin temperature (T
sk), physiological strain index (PSI) and thigh-predicted sweat sodium concentration ([Na+]) were measured and analyzed by one-factor and two-factor mixed design ANOVA with a 0.05 level of significance.

Results

Field-based IC induced a greater thermal stimulus than MHA (P = 0.029) and IT (P < 0.001) during training. Reductions in mean exercise T
gi (−0.2°C [−0.3°C, 0.0°C]; P = 0.009), PSI (−0.4 [−0.7, −0.1]; P = 0.015) and thigh-predicted sweat [Na+] (−9 [−13, −5 mmol·L−1]; P < 0.001) were observed in IC but not MHA and IT (all P > 0.05). Resting HR (MHA, −4 bpm [−7, 0 bpm]; P = 0.025; IC, −7 bpm [−10, −4 bpm]; P < 0.001; IT, −4 bpm [−8, −1 bpm]; P = 0.008) and mean exercise HR (MHA, −4 [−8, 0 bpm]; P = 0.034; IC, −11 bpm [−15, −8 bpm]; P < 0.001, IT = −5 bpm [−9, −1 bpm]; P = 0.012) were lowered in all groups after training. Isothermic conditioning elicited a greater attenuation in mean exercise HR and thigh-predicted sweat [Na+] relative to MHA (both P < 0.05). No between-group differences were observed when comparing MHA and IT (all P > 0.05).

Conclusions

Isothermic conditioning induced a more complete heat-adapted phenotype relative to MHA and IT. Interval training may serve as a time efficient alternative to MHA.
An exploration of the consequences of, and coping with loneliness in an ageing intellectual disability population
Authors: Wormald Andrew , McCallion Philip , McCarron Mary
Published: July 2022

Background: Loneliness has been associated with increased hypervigilance and sad passivity. The physiological and psychological reactions of people with an intellectual disability to loneliness have never been investigated. Therefore, this research aims to explore the outcomes of loneliness for an ageing intellectual disability population.

Methods: In Ireland, data from a nationally representative data set of people aged over 40 years with an intellectual disability (N=317) was applied to a social environment model that describes the effects of loneliness in five pre-disease pathways which are: health behaviours, exposure to stressful life events, coping, health and recuperation. The data was tested through chi-squared, ANCOVA and binary logistic regression.

Results: Being lonely predicted raised systolic blood pressure (A.O.R=2.051, p=0.039), sleeping difficulties (AOR=2.526, p=0.002) and confiding in staff (AOR=0.464 p=0.008). Additionally, participants who did 10 to 20 minutes of exercise daily (moderate activity) had significantly higher loneliness scores than those who did not (F=4.171, p<0.05).

Conclusions: The analysis supports the concept of hypervigilance in older people with an intellectual disability but finds that the health behaviours of the lonely do not differ from the not lonely. Future research needs to investigate the longitudinal relationships between loneliness and health
Confirmation of the superior performance of the causal Graphical Analysis Using Genetics (cGAUGE) pipeline in comparison to various competing alternatives
Authors: Howey Richard , Cordell Heather J.
Published: July 2022

Various methods exist that utilise information from genetic predictors to help identify potential causal relationships between measured biological or clinical traits. Here we conduct computer simulations to investigate the performance of a recently proposed causal Graphical Analysis Using Genetics (cGAUGE) pipeline, used as a precursor to Mendelian randomization analysis, in comparison to our previously proposed Bayesian Network approach for addressing this problem. We use the same simulation (and analysis) code as was used by the developers of cGAUGE, adding in a comparison with the Bayesian Network approach. Overall, we find the optimal method (in terms of giving high power and low false discovery rate) is the cGAUGE pipeline followed by subsequent analysis using the MR-PRESSO Mendelian randomization approach.
THE USE OF A SPECIFIC GSRS QUESTIONNAIRE FOR DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF DISEASES OF THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT
Authors: Kazarin Daniil D. , Shklyaev Aleksey E. , Bolkiseva Polina S. , Petrova Ekaterina V.
Published: July 2022

The pathology of the gastrointestinal tract occupies one of the leading places in the structure of the general morbidity of the population. Despite modern diagnostic methods, their prevalence is constantly increasing. Among the diseases of the gastroenterological profile, the most common are chronic pancreatitis, gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer, hepatitis and cirrhosis of the liver, as well as chronic intestinal diseases.

Purpose. To assess the possibilities of the GSRS questionnaire as a method for differential diagnosis of diseases of various organs of the gastrointestinal tract.

Materials and methods. A study of the symptoms of 91 patients with gastrointestinal diseases was carried out using a specific GSRS questionnaire. Also, to verify the diagnoses, laboratory (complete and biochemical blood tests, complete feces and urine analyzes) and endoscopic (EGDS and video colonoscopy) research methods were carried out.

Results. In the course of the study, the patients were divided into three groups according to the main diagnosis. It was noted that all groups were significantly different in terms of abdominal pain syndrome (AP) and reflux syndrome (RS), as well as the overall score of the GSRS questionnaire. Laboratory data were consistent with the clinical picture of the disease.

Conclusion. Shows the importance of using the GSRS questionnaire as a method of approximate differential diagnosis of diseases of various parts of the gastrointestinal tract. The necessity of its joint use with laboratory – instrumental methods in the examination of patients is noted. Thus, an integrated approach will improve the efficiency of the quality of primary health care provided.
BIG DATA APPLICATION IN THE NEYMAN-PEARSON REGRESSION AND DEEP BERNOULLI AND BOLTZMANN FOR IOT BASED SOIL QUALITY PREDICTION
Authors: Balaji G. , Vijayakumar P.
Published: July 2022

Purpose. The aim of the work is to enhance the soil quality prediction accuracy and time by using feature selection and classification-based model.

Background. Soil quality analysis was handled based on the farmer’s first-hand data mining competence and with the world population expected to increase exponentially (i.e., big data), erratic changes in climate have started influencing soil capitulates incorrectly. Big data is employed used to examine the large amount of dataset for soil quality analysis. It is helps to address a lot of new and significant farming decisions and issue. Soil quality analysis depends on fertility of the soil. By soil quality analysis accuracy prediction is very crucial for practical utilization of resources. But, the existing data mining techniques failed to select the correct crop based on the soil and environmental features.

Material and methods. The study presents the data mining techniques based on smart and efficient soil quality prediction for agriculture development. In our work, first, linear regression and the Neyman-Pearson correlation-based feature selection model is employed to obtain the computationally efficient and relevant features. Next, an enhanced deep learning model called deep Bernoulli and Boltzmann IoT-based soil quality prediction is designed to classify the complex soil features with better sensitivity and specificity.

Results. Experimental results obtained confirmed the performance and reliability of the proposed method. The result evaluations are carried out on the basis of the prediction accuracy, prediction time, sensitivity and specificity.

Conclusion. The result shows that the NPR-DBB method achieves better results than the state-of-the-art methods.
IDENTIFICATION OF FACTORS DETERMINING MICROBIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF BIOCENOSIS
Authors: Postovalov Alexey A. , Sukhanova Svetlana F. , Kurskaya Yulia A.
Published: July 2022

It is important to establish methods and approaches that ensure phytosanitary recovery of agrocenoses. Phytosanitary recovery of agroecosystems of fodder crops is possible by pre-treatment of seeds, application of mineral and organomineral fertilizers in order to increase resistance of plants to diseases and soil suppressiveness to phytopathogens. The aim of the research was to establish the influence of mineral, organomineral fertilizers and preparations for pre-treatment of seeds on the microbiological activity and suppressiveness of the soil in the rhizosphere of spring barley, peas and spring rapeseed. Field and laboratory studies were carried out on the pilot field and in the laboratories of the FSBOU VO Kurgan GSHA from 2001-2020. Studies have found that the introduction of mineral fertilizers into the soil changed the number of the main ecological-trophic groups of microorganisms in the rhizosphere of plants (bacteria that absorb organic and mineral forms of nitrogen, nitrifiers, cellulose-decomposing and denitrifying bacteria, oligonitrophilic and nitrogen-fixing bacteria). When introducing mineral fertilizers, an increase in cellulosic, proteolytic, catalase, invertase and total biological activity of the soil was noted. When introducing mineral fertilizers in the rhizosphere of spring barley, soil suppressiveness increased to 56.7-63.2% in relation to root rot pathogens. There was a negative correlation between soil suppression and the development of root rot of spring barley, which was -0.93, the regression equation was as follows: y = 47.08-0.05x. Soil suppressiveness against pea fusariosis pathogens increased with the introduction of mineral fertilizers by 32.2-46.0%. The correlation between soil suppression, development of pea fusariosis was -0.90, respectively, the regression equations were as follows: y = 54.11-0.05x. Soil suppressiveness against root rot pathogens and rapeseed fusariosis increased to 43.7-48.4% or 2.2-2.3 times compared with control.
NCOME OF THE RURAL POPULATION IS A CONDITION FOR THE FORMATION OF HUMAN CAPITAL IN RURAL AREAS
Authors: Golovina Svetlana G. , Poltarykhin Andrey L. , Zhuravlev Pavel V. , Mikolaychik Ivan N.
Published: July 2022

The formation of human capital in rural areas, adequate in quality to modern requirements for the level of functioning of the agricultural sector of the economy and trends in rural development, is the most important prerequisite for the harmonious spatial development of the Russian Federation, overcoming imbalances in the evolution of urban and rural localities, preserving rural communities and their places of life. The article presents the materials of the theoretical and empirical analysis of the most significant factors determining the development of human capital in rural areas (using the example of the Kurgan region as one of the depressed agricultural regions of Russia), including the social status of villagers, the structure and size of their income and expenses, and, consequently, opportunities to improve the human capital incorporated in them (by investing available funds in education, vocational training, development of entrepreneurial and creative abilities).
Graves-Basedow disease treated by complementary medicine leading to severe thyrotoxicosis – a case report
Authors: Sapuła Klaudia , Gołacki Jakub , Marczak Aleksandra , Hordejuk Michalina , Iwaszko-Sochal Klaudyna
Published: July 2022

Graves' disease is a common cause of hyperthyroidism. Inadequate treatment or non-compliance can lead to serious complications, including thyroid storm. 

We present the case of a 22-year-old woman who had been treated with antithyroid drugs (ATD) for almost 7 years, however decided to suspend conventional treatment and turned towards complementary and alternative medicine methods. Following the bioenergotherapist's advice, she began taking Lugol’s solution (LS) at a dose of 30 drops per day. After about one month of such therapy, the patient was urgently admitted to the Emergency Department with thyrotoxicosis with a high risk of thyroid storm development. With the implementation of intensive thyrostatic treatment and steroid therapy, euthyroidism was successfully restored.
Complex treatment of invasive corticotropic pituitary macroadenoma - Case report
Authors: Obel Michał , Nowicka Emilia , Dzikowski Piotr , Pietrzak Zofia , Stefaniak Martyna , Obel Ewa
Published: July 2022

Introduction: Cushing's disease is a hypercortisolemic state caused by the excess secretion of corticotropin by the pituitary adenoma. Cushing's disease is diagnosed on the basis of clinical and laboratory signs of hypercortisolemia and the presence of an MRI pituitary adenoma. Pituitary surgery represents the first-line therapy, but it is non-curative in one third of patients, requiring additional treatments. Second-line treatments include pharmacotherapy, pituitary radiotherapy and bilateral adrenalectomy.

Case report: A 57-year-old patient with clinical symptoms of hypercortisolemia was admitted to the Endocrinology Clinic due to dizziness and headache. Laboratory tests and MRI confirmed Cushing's disease caused by invasive pituitary macroadenoma. The tumor was not completely resected through the sphenoid sinus. Disease symptoms were remitted and hormone levels were stabilized. After 2 years, the underlying disease was relapsed. A second tumor removal operation was performed. The tumor was incompletely removed. The disease has progressed.. The patient was referred for stereotaxic CyberKnife radiotherapy.

Conclusion: Cushing's disease should be diagnosed and treated in a specialized endocrinology center, and the success of treatment depends on a multidisciplinary team of physicians consisting of an endocrinologist, neurosurgeon and neuroradiologist.About 50% of untreated patients die within 5 years of the disease due to complications of hypercortisolemia. Surgical treatment is effective in the case of microadenomas, while in the case of macroadenomas, it may turn out to be ineffective when the tumor is highly invasive. If subsequent surgeries are unsuccessful, treatment with radiotherapy or pharmacotherapy should be given.
Department Climate and Student Experience: At the Intersection of Gender and Ethnicity in STEM Graduate Programs
Authors: Loyola Dawn , Grebing Robin
Published: July 2022

Women of color in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math (STEM) face multiple barriers to success (Ong et al., 2011). Students have different experiences mediated by race or gender, and when these two identities intersect, they face unique challenges. The purpose of this critical quantitative study was to examine department climate and its effect on women of color in STEM graduate programs at several campuses of an R1 state university system. Its focus was to discuss racism, discrimination, microaggressions, and sense of belonging. Using Carl Roger's Person-centered approach (Rogers, 1979), the authors propose solutions such as Appreciative Advising, growth mindset, microaffirmations, high-quality mentoring programs, and the creation of safe spaces. These solutions can be implemented at all levels where an advisor has influence: individual, departmental, and campus-wide.
Differential rater function over time (DRIFT) during student simulations
Authors: Diebel Sebastian , Boissonneault Eve , Perreault Luc , Lapierre René
Published: July 2022

Background

The field of paramedicine continues to advance in scope. Simulation training is frequently used to teach and evaluate students. Simulation examinations are often evaluated using a standardised global rating scale (GRS) that is reliable and valid. However, differential rater function over time (DRIFT) has not been evaluated when using the GRS during simulations.

Aims

This study aimed to assess if DRIFT arises when applying the GRS.

Methods

Data were collected at six simulation evaluations. Raters were randomly assigned to evaluate several students at the same station. Each station lasted 12 minutes and there was a total of 11 stations. A model to test DRIFT scores was created and was tested against both a leniency and perceptual model.

Findings

Of the models explored, one that included students, the rater, and the dimensions had the greatest evidence (–3151 Bayes factors). This model was then tested against leniency (K=–9.1 dHart) and perceptual models (K=–7.1 dHart). This suggests a substantial finding against DRIFT; however, the tested models used a wide parameter so the possibility of a minor effect is not fully excluded.

Conclusion

DRIFT was not found; however, further studies with multiple centres and longer evaluations should be conducted.
Where I am going
Authors: Costello Barry
Published: July 2022

After months of turmoil and uncertainty, Barry Costello contemplates stepping into his future
Laser-induced fluorescence of PO-photofragments of dimethyl
methylphosphonate
Authors: Bobrovnikov Sergei M. , Gorlov Evgeny V. , Zharkov Viktor I.
Published: July 2022

The paper presents the results of calculating the absorption spectrum of a phosphorus monoxide (PO) molecule corresponding to the

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transition. The efficiency of excitation of the PO molecule is estimated as a function of the spectral parameters of the laser radiation. The positions of the fluorescence bands of PO are calculated. It is shown that the use of excitation wavelengths near the bandheads of the (

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branches of the

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band provides spectral separation of the (0, 1)

γ

-band of the LIF of PO and vibrational-rotational Raman spectrum of atmospheric oxygen. The spectral responses of dimethyl methylphosphonate vapor in air under the action of KrF-laser radiation at a wavelength of 247.78 nm have been experimentally studied. In the wavelength range 252–260 nm, the (0, 1)

γ

-band of the LIF of PO-fragments and the vibrational-rotational band of spontaneous Raman scattering on oxygen molecules are unambiguously interpreted. It is shown that the results of calculations of the shape and position of the fluorescence spectra are in good agreement with the experimental data.
Capturing multiple full-scene images with a single camera via aperture stop exploitation
Authors: Pung Aaron J.
Published: July 2022

In an effort to increase the capability of modern camera systems, recent advances in imaging technology have seen the maturation of postprocessing and demosaicing algorithms, multispectral imagers, and scene-splitting techniques. Although highly enabling, each of these methods faces an inherent limitation imposed by the camera’s geometry. By reevaluating the fundamental components of the camera, this study presents a new method and paradigm in capturing and processing scene information. The proposed camera design is validated and optimized using Zemax simulations. The results show that light entering a camera can be split into three independent, spatially separated, full-scene images, wherein each image retains all spectral, polarimetric, and relative intensity information of the original scene.
Perfect absorption and strong phonon polariton with a graphene-based silicon carbide grating and Tamm plasmonic structures
Authors: Li Zhenxing , Hu Jinlei , Wang Zexiang , Chen Yuxuan , Li Menghan , Zhou Jiacheng , Wu Jingjing , Wang Jicheng
Published: July 2022

This study proposes a tunable dual-band mid-infrared graphene-based one-dimensional photonic crystal absorber with strong surface phonon polaritons and Tamm phonon polariton coupling. We use an LC circuit, transfer matrices, and coupled harmonic oscillator models to theoretically analyze the different modes, and the theoretical results are consistent with the simulation results. The resonance wavelengths and absorption intensities of the coupled mode can be adjusted by the Fermi level and structure parameters. Moreover, because the perfect dual-band absorption peaks of the designed structure are sensitive to the air layer’s refractive index, we demonstrate the possibility of its application in the field of refractive index sensors and analyze its potential in the field of biomolecular layer sensors. The designed structure also has broad applications in absorbers, photodetectors, and energy harvesting devices due to the excellent performance of the tunable perfect absorption peaks.
All-optical valley switch and clock of electronic dephasing
Authors: Silva Rui E. F. , Ivanov Misha , Jiménez-Galán Álvaro
Published: July 2022

2D materials with broken inversion symmetry posses an extra degree of freedom, the valley pseudospin, that labels in which of the two energy-degenerate crystal momenta, K or K’, the conducting carriers are located. It has been shown that shining circularly-polarized light allows to achieve close to 100% of valley polarization, opening the way to valley-based transistors. Yet, switching of the valley polarization is still a key challenge for the practical implementation of such devices due to the short valley lifetimes. Recent progress in ultrashort laser technology now allows to produce trains of attosecond pulses with controlled phase and polarization between the pulses. Taking advantage of such technology, we introduce a coherent control protocol to turn on, off and switch the valley polarization at faster timescales than electron-hole decoherence and valley depolarization, that is, an ultrafast optical valley switch. We theoretically demonstrate the protocol for hBN and MoS2 monolayers calculated from first principles. Additionally, using two time-delayed linearly-polarized pulses with perpendicular polarization, we show that we can extract the electronic dephasing time T2 from the valley Hall conductivity.
Hybrid B-OTDR/Φ-OTDR for multi-parameter measurement from a single end of fiber
Authors: Zhou Xiao , Wang Feng , Liu Zhen , Lu Yanqing , Yang Chengyu , Zhang Yixin , Shao Liyang , Zhang Xuping
Published: July 2022

The multi-parameter sensing is in great demand for comprehensive recognition in various application scenarios. We demonstrate a distributed optical fiber sensor (DOFS) for simultaneous vibration and temperature/strain sensing based on the integration of Brillouin optical time-domain reflectometry (BOTDR) and phase-sensitive optical time-domain reflectometry (Φ-OTDR). A double heterodyne detection configuration is set up to receive the Rayleigh scattering and Brillouin scattering simultaneously, which can enhance the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and reduce the polarization fading noise for the Brillouin signal at the same time. Most components in the setup are multiplexed for the Brillouin and Rayleigh signals. The overall cost is much lower than the summation of the BOTDR and the Φ-OTDR setup. In experiments, the setup is capable of measuring temperature change near the end of the 49.9 km long fiber with 0.381 MHz measurement uncertainty and restore different vibration patterns correctly by demodulating the phase variation of Rayleigh scattering signal, owning a 20 m spatial resolution. The sampling rate of the vibration measurement is 1.8 kHz, and the achieved dynamic strain resolution is 1.235 nɛ/√Hz with 100 Hz vibration.
Photon/spin echo in a Fabry–Perot cavity
Authors: Moiseev S. A. , Urmancheev R. V.
Published: July 2022

The pulse area theorem is a well-known versatile analytical tool for capturing the general nonlinear nature of light propagation in a two-level medium. Here we derive the pulse area theorem for the photon/spin echo signal generated in a one-side cavity. The obtained analytical solutions for primary and secondary echo pulse areas allow us to describe the nonlinear patterns of the photon/spin echo signals in an atomic ensemble in a cavity. The developed approach and the obtained results constitute an important step in the study of the general properties of the photon/spin echo in optical and microwave cavities expanding applications of the photon echo in coherent spectroscopy, quantum memory, and processing.
Broadband achromatic aberration general conformal Luneburg lens with quasi-far-field highly efficient super-focusing
Authors: Zhou Yangyang , Li Jue , Xiao Wen , Chen Huanyang
Published: July 2022

Super-focusing light using metamaterials and metasurfaces is of paramount importance in several applications, from integrated optics to microwave engineering and sensing. However, there are still some difficulties to realize broadband achromatic aberration highly efficient super-focusing from the far field to far field or quasi far field. In this Letter, based on conformal transformation optics, we propose a generalized conformal Luneburg lens (GCLL), which provides a new, to the best of our knowledge, strategy for quasi-far-field super-focusing with broadband (0.9–1.3 THz) achromatic aberration and high efficiency (above 60%). A relatively high numerical aperture (NA of 0.63) and sub-diffraction-limited resolution (FWHM of 0.45λ) are also obtained. The sample of the GCLL was designed using gradient metamaterials. The numerical simulation results verify that the focusing effects of the designed samples are consistent with the performance of the ideal GCLL.
Spin–orbit coupling mediated transverse spin mode rotation in a uniaxial crystal
Authors: Sreedharan Anagha , Viswanathan Nirmal K
Published: July 2022

We demonstrate topological features in a spin–orbit coupled inhomogeneously polarized beam of light due to propagation of a linearly polarized focused Gaussian beam through a tilted–rotated (θ–ϕ) quartz crystal plate. The crystal plate is kept in a polarization interferometer, and transverse and longitudinal phase difference is introduced between the o- and e-wave-beams via (θ–ϕ) variation. The curvature in the phase difference, originating at a phase saddle, at the stem of an intensity forklet pattern, enables continuous rotation of the output two-lobe intensity pattern as a function of (θ–ϕ). The transverse spin-shift of the rotating output beam shows variation in both magnitude and slope. Such a study of exploring topological features arising due to spin–orbit coupling in simple optical systems is of fundamental interest and is expected to open up potential applications in the investigation of material anisotropy and polarization-sensitive sensing.
Experimental study on counter-propagating filaments in air
Authors: Wang Xiaoyue , Yan Ming , Nan Junyi , Liu Weiwei , Huang Kun , Yuan Shuai , Zeng Heping
Published: July 2022

We experimentally investigate the interaction of two collinearly counter-propagating filaments in air. The fluorescence is enhanced by 4 times due to the increase of the clamped intensity and electron (or plasma) density. The output energy at the end of a filament, the spectra of the excitation beams, and the fluorescent intensity are found to be dependent on the relative pulse delays between the counter-propagating pulses. The results indicate that the modulation of the filamentation-induced fluorescence intensity with another filament launched from the opposite direction is feasible, which provides a new perspective for studying the interaction of filaments and may improve the detection sensitivity for fluorescence sensing.
The impact of heating, ventilation, and air conditioning design features on the transmission of viruses, including the 2019 novel coronavirus: A systematic review of ventilation and coronavirus
Authors: Thornton Gail M. , Fleck Brian A. , Kroeker Emily , Dandnayak Dhyey , Fleck Natalie , Zhong Lexuan , Hartling Lisa
Published: July 2022

Aerosol transmission has been a pathway for the spread of many viruses. Similarly, emerging evidence has determined aerosol transmission for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and the resulting COVID-19 pandemic to be significant. As such, data regarding the effect of Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) features to control and mitigate virus transmission is essential. A systematic review was conducted to identify and comprehensively synthesize research examining the effectiveness of ventilation for mitigating transmission of coronaviruses. A comprehensive search was conducted in Ovid MEDLINE, Compendex, Web of Science Core to January 2021. Study selection, data extraction, and risk of bias assessments were performed by two authors. Evidence tables were developed and results were described narratively. Results from 32 relevant studies showed that: increased ventilation rate was associated with decreased transmission, transmission probability/risk, infection probability/risk, droplet persistence, virus concentration, and increased virus removal and virus particle removal efficiency; increased ventilation rate decreased risk at longer exposure times; some ventilation was better than no ventilation; airflow patterns affected transmission; ventilation feature (e.g., supply/exhaust, fans) placement influenced particle distribution. Few studies provided specific quantitative ventilation parameters suggesting a significant gap in current research. Adapting HVAC ventilation systems to mitigate virus transmission is not a one-solution-fits-all approach. Changing ventilation rate or using mixing ventilation is not always the only way to mitigate and control viruses. Practitioners need to consider occupancy, ventilation feature (supply/exhaust and fans) placement, and exposure time in conjunction with both ventilation rates and airflow patterns. Some recommendations based on quantitative data were made for specific scenarios (e.g., using air change rate of 9 h-1 for a hospital ward). Other recommendations included using or increasing ventilation, introducing fresh air, using maximum supply rates, avoiding poorly ventilated spaces, assessing fan placement and potentially increasing ventilation locations, and employing ventilation testing and air balancing checks.

Trial registration: PROSPERO 2020 CRD42020193968.
Are monkeys sensitive to informativeness: An experimental study with baboons (Papio papio)
Authors: Reboul Anne , Mascaro Olivier , Claidière Nicolas , Fagot Joël
Published: July 2022

Informativeness (defined as reduction of uncertainty) is central in human communication. In the present study, we investigate baboons’ sensitivity to informativeness by manipulating the informativity of a cue relative to a response display and by allowing participants to anticipate their answers or to wait for a revealed answer (with variable delays). Our hypotheses were that anticipations would increase with informativity, while response times to revealed trials would decrease with informativity. These predictions were verified in Experiment 1. In Experiments 2 and 3, we manipulated rewards (rewarding anticipation responses at 70% only) to see whether reward tracking alone could account for the results in Experiment 1. We observed that the link between anticipations and informativeness disappeared, but not the link between informativeness and decreased RTs for revealed trials. Additionally, in all three experiments, the number of correct answers in revealed trials with fast reaction times (< 250ms) increased with informativeness. We conclude that baboons are sensitive to informativeness as an ecologically sound means to tracking reward.
Exam-related unwanted intrusive thoughts and related neutralizing behaviors: Analogues to obsessions and compulsions
Authors: Kollárik Martin , Heinzel Carlotta V. , Miché Marcel , Lieb Roselind , Wahl Karina
Published: July 2022

Exam-related unwanted intrusive thoughts (UITs) and related neutralizing behaviors are common experiences among students. The present study investigated in what ways these UITs and behaviors are analogues to clinical obsessions and compulsions. Twenty-nine students completed three ecological momentary assessment surveys per day over 7 consecutive days, assessing the severity of exam-related UITs and related neutralizing behaviors, obsessive-compulsive (OC) symptoms, anxiety, distress, urge to neutralize, depressed mood, and stress in the week immediately before an exam period. Multilevel analysis demonstrated that the severity of exam-related UITs and related neutralizing behaviors was positively associated with OC symptoms, anxiety, distress, urge to neutralize, and stress but was not related to depressed mood. During the study period, the exam-related UITs occurred on average 7 times, and the related neutralizing behaviors on average 6 times. Overall, they were experienced with mild severity, low distress, and low urge to neutralize. Findings indicate that some aspects of exam-related UITs and related neutralizing behaviors (e.g., association with distress and urge to neutralize) might be analogous to OC symptoms but not all (e.g., no relation to depressed mood). We discuss how research on obsessive-compulsive disorder could benefit from considering exam-related UITs and related behaviors.
Association between timed up and go test and future incidence of disability: A nationwide representative longitudinal study in Korea
Authors: Son Ki Young , Shin Dong Wook , Lee Ji Eun , Kim Sang Hyuck , Yun Jae Moon , Cho Belong
Published: July 2022

Although previous studies examined the association between mobility and disability, they have used either subjective measure disability such as activity of daily living or instrumental activity of daily living or indirect measure such as long-term care service use with small size of participants. This study aimed to examine the association between timed up and go (TUG) test and disability incidence with national disability registration data in Korea longitudinally, by using a national representative sample. We used the National Health Insurance Service–National Health Screening Cohort (NHIS–HEALS) database of National Health Information Database. The NHIS–HEALS dataset includes disability information of National Screening Programme participants, including registration date and type of disability, which is merged from Korean National Disability Registry (KNDR). We used Cox proportional hazard models to evaluate the association between TUG and disability incidence. We constructed three models with different levels of adjustment; Model 3 was a fully adjusted model. We conducted subgroup analysis according to the risk factors for disability. The study population comprised 81,473 participants; 86 of them were newly registered to KNDR, which were observed during a mean follow-up of 4.1 ± 2.6 (maximum, 8.9) years. For 334,200.9 person-year (PY) follow-up, the disability incidence rate was 0.208 per 1,000 PY. Disability incidence was significantly higher in participants with abnormal TUG results than in those with normal TUG results. (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 1.600, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.036–2.472). In subgroup analysis, the disability incidence increased in participants of normal cognition, without obesity or without cardiovascular (CV) disease. Increased incidence in disability was noted in participants with abnormal TUG results. The increase was more evident for participants with normal cognition, without obesity or CV disease.
Drug-susceptible tuberculosis treatment outcomes and its associated factors among inmates in prison settings in Bauchi State, Nigeria, 2014–2018
Authors: Amede Peter Okpeh , Adedire Elizabeth , Usman Aishat , Ameh Celestine Attah , Umar Faruk Saleh , Umeokonkwo Chukwuma David , Balogun Muhammad Shakir
Published: July 2022

Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious disease and its transmissibility is increased in congregate settings. TB incidence rates are five-to-fifty times higher among inmates in prison settings than the general population which has a direct impact on the outcome of TB treatment. There is paucity of information on TB treatment outcomes and its associated factors in Nigerian prison settings. We therefore assessed TB treatment outcomes among inmates in prison settings in Bauchi State, Nigeria. We conducted a retrospective data analysis of inmates with TB in the five-main prison settings in Bauchi State. We extracted socio-demographic, clinical and treatment outcome characteristics from TB treatment register of inmates treated for TB between January 2014 and December 2018, using a checklist. We calculated the TB treatment success rate (TSR) and explored the relationship between the TSR and socio-demographic and clinical characteristics. Related variables were modelled in multiple logistic regression to identify factors associated with TSR at 5% level of significance. All 216 inmates were male with mean (SD) age of 37.6±11.4 years. Seventy-six (35.2%) were cured, 61 (28.2%) completed treatment, 65 (30.1%) were transferred-out without evaluation and 14 (6.5%) died. Overall TSR was 72.9%. Factors associated with successful-treatment-outcome were age, weight, imprisonment duration and HIV status. The results indicate that inmates who are 20–29 years are at least ten times more likely to be successful (aOR = 10.5; 95%CI: 3.2–35.1) than inmates who are 55 years or older. Inmates who are 30–39 years are about four times more likely to be successful than inmates who are 55 years or older (aOR = 4.2; 95% CI: 1.3–13.1). In general, the younger an inmate, the more successful he is. Inmates with pretreatment-weight; 55kg or more are 13 times more likely to be successful (aOR = 13.3; 95%CI: 6.0–29.6) than inmates with weight below 55kg. Inmates who were imprisoned for 2 years or less are about three times more likely to be successful (aOR = 2.6; 95%CI: 1.3–5.4) than inmates who were imprisoned for more than 2 years and HIV negative inmates were three times more likely to succeed (aOR = 3.3; 95%CI:1.4–7.8) than inmates who were HIV positive. We recommended that to improve TB treatment outcome among inmates; age, duration-of-imprisonment, weight and TB/HIV co-infection should be the major consideration during pretreatment, psychological and nutritional counselling and a tracking-system be developed by the authority to follow-up inmates transferred-out to other health facilities to ensure they complete the treatment and outcomes evaluated.
Jógyakorlatok a koronavírus-járvány idején a gyulai Erkel Ferenc Művelődési Központban
Authors: Repisky Dániel
Published: July 2022

A koronavírus járvány nagy befolyással van a személyes kapcsolatokra. Kutatásomban azt járom körül, hogy az Erkel Ferenc Művelődési Központ aktív csoportjainak szokásaira és tevékenységeire milyen hatással van. A dolgozatom célja, hogy világosabb képet kapjak arról, hogy a közösségek milyen módon reagáltak erre a helyzetre: közelebb hozta vagy eltávolította a csoportokat a pandémia a gyulai közművelődési intézménytől. Ezen felül pedig arra is keresem a választ, hogy milyen jó gyakorlatok születtek a korlátozások alatt a kulturális szférában. A célcsoportom részben a gyulai Művelődési Központ közösségei, amelyeket papír alapú kérdőívezéssel kerestem meg, illetve az eredményeket összehasonlítottam a Csabagyöngye Kulturális Központtal, Békés megye másik kiemelkedő közművelődési intézményével, ahol interjú keretében vizsgáltam az ott működő közösségek aktivitásának változásait. A kutatásom összességében a pozitív, hasznos megoldásokat keresi, amelyekkel a közművelődési terület reagált a járvány kihívásaira.
We are the Sun: Multilingual collaborative songwriting as a hospitable, embodied and political process
Authors: Cathcart Frödén Lucy
Published: July 2022

Multilingual approaches to collaborative creativity can be seen as one form of resistance to inequality and neo-colonialism, through the potential to decentre the English language, unsettle entrenched linguistic hierarchies, and open up spaces of linguistic hospitality (Ricoeur, 2006). This article will share a song written in collaboration with displaced young people, in order to reflect on ways in which multilingualism in creative processes and performance might play a role in fostering solidarity and mutual care. The song, the writing process and the participants' reflections together act as a lens through which to observe small but significant shifts that can happen when linguistic repertoires beyond the dominant language are welcomed into a shared creative space. Multilingual approaches here are not seen as a quick-fix solution to systemic injustice, but as one way to illuminate questions of power and audibility in socially-engaged arts practice.