bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ubiquitination-coupled liquid phase separation regulates the accumulation of the TRIM family of ubiquitin ligases into cytoplasmic bodies
Authors: Tozawa Takafumi , Matsunaga Kohichi , Izumi Tetsuro , Shigehisa Naotake , Uekita Takamasa , Taoka Masato , Ichimura Tohru
Published: August 2022

Many members of the tripartite motif (TRIM) family of ubiquitin ligases localize in spherical, membrane-free structures collectively referred to as cytoplasmic bodies (CBs) in a concentration-dependent manner. These CBs may function as aggresome precursors or storage compartments that segregate potentially harmful excess TRIM molecules from the cytosolic milieu. However, the manner in which TRIM proteins accumulate into CBs is unclear. In the present study, using TRIM32, TRIM5α and TRIM63 as examples, we demonstrated that CBs are in a liquid droplet state, resulting from liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS). This finding is based on criteria that defines phase-separated structures, such as recovery after photobleaching, sensitivity to hexanediol, and the ability to undergo fusion. CB droplets, which contain cyan fluorescent protein (CFP)-fused TRIM32, were purified from HEK293 cells using a fluorescence-activated cell sorter and analyzed by LC-MS/MS. We found that in addition to TRIM32, these droplets contain a variety of endogenous proteins and enzymes including ubiquitin. Localization of ubiquitin within CBs was further verified by fluorescence microscopy. We also found that the activation of the intracellular ubiquitination cascade promotes the assembly of TRIM32 molecules into CBs, whereas inhibition causes suppression. Regulation is dependent on the intrinsic E3 ligase activity of TRIM32. Similar regulation by ubiquitination on the TRIM assembly was also observed with TRIM5α and TRIM63. Our findings provide a novel mechanical basis for the organization of CBs that couples compartmentalization through LLPS with ubiquitination.
The Glasgow Sugar Aristocracy: Scotland and Caribbean Slavery, 1775–1838
Authors: Mullen Stephen
Published: August 2022

This important book assesses the size and nature of Caribbean slavery’s economic impact in British society. The Glasgow Sugar Aristocracy, a grouping of West India merchants and planters, became active before the emancipation of chattel slavery in the British West Indies in 1834. Many acquired nationally significant fortunes, and their investments percolated into the Scottish economy and wider society. At its core, the book traces the development of merchant capital and poses several interrelated questions during an era of rapid transformation, namely, what impact the private investments of West India merchants and colonial adventurers had on metropolitan society and the economy, as well as the wider effects of such commerce on industrial and agricultural development. The book also examines the fortunes of temporary Scottish economic migrants who travelled to some of the wealthiest of the Caribbean islands, presenting the first large-scale survey of repatriated slavery fortunes via case studies of Scots in Jamaica, Grenada and Trinidad before emancipation in 1834. It therefore takes a new approach to illuminate the world of individuals who acquired West India fortunes and ultimately explores, in an Atlantic frame, the interconnections between the colonies and metropole in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries.
Survival capacity of Arcobacter butzleri at different incubation temperatures in drinking water
Authors: Rodríguez Hidalgo Ana Laura , Arias Echandi María Laura , Eduardo Castro Arias  , Heriberto  Fernandez Jaramillo
Published: August 2022

Arcobacter represents a zoonotic emerging pathogen with increasing importance for public health and drinking water has been cited as a major risk factor for its dissemination. The aim of this work was to evaluate the survival capacity of Arcobacter in different water matrixes stored at different temperatures. Three different water matrixes were used, including potable water with a chlorine concentration of 0,5 mg/mL, non-chlorinated water and non-chlorinated water added with an 11% of organic matter. Each matrix was inoculated in a 1/10 proportion with 103 and 105 Arcobacter pools, divided into 4 different subsamples, in order to be incubated at 0°C, 5°C, 12 °C and 25°C by up to 15 days. The presence of Arcobacter in each matrix was determined on days 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13 and 15. Results obtained show that this bacterium can survive in all the water matrixes evaluated, regardless of the presence or not of residual disinfecting agent. Also, the amount of CFU/mL inoculated in water correlates with the number of bacteria that can survive on it, and that incubation temperature has a significant effect over the bacterial survival.
Stoichiometric models for prediction of enteric methane production
Authors: Silva de Oliveira Tadeu , Magno Fernandes Alberto , Fonsêca Processi Elizabeth , Ferreira Baffa Danielle , Gabriel Camilo Michele
Published: August 2022

This study aimed to empirically evaluate the adjustment quality of two stoichiometric models of methane production from diets that used different rumen fermentation modulators. We used the models proposed by Moss et al. (2000) and Blümmel et al. (1997). The data set consisted of 169 observations of in vitro methane production and volatile fatty acids (acetate, propionate, and butyrate) from dissertations, theses, and scientific articles. The model’s adequacy evaluation was only possible through combination of several statistical analyzes. The models were unable to predict the enteric methane precisely and accurately. Despite this, the model proposed by Moss et al. (2000) showed a better fit based on the mean bias (% of observed, MB), MEF, RMSEP, Cb and CCC measures compared to the model proposed by Blümmel et al. (1997). However, both models presented strong evidence against the general hypothesis H0: a = 0 & b = 1. Thus, the model proposed by MOSS et al. (2000) was more efficient, whereas the model by Blümmel et al. (1997) showed a better fit for diets with high availability of H2.
Growth of Schizolobium parahyba var. amazonicum seedlings by strains of Trichoderma spp. under boron rates
Authors: Batista de Oliveira Luís Augusto , Ribeiro Ilaria Felipe , Leão Pereira Resende Cecília , Diego Costa Carvalho Daniel , Rodrigues Fabricio
Published: August 2022

Brazil has many important native species, which includes Schizolobium parahyba var. amazonicum (Huber ex Ducke) Barneby, however, the growth of this species is inhibited in soils with low boron contents, or excess boron, which causes phytotoxicity. Applications of strains of Trichoderma spp. increase the plants' tolerance to abiotic stresses, including tolerance to low or excess levels of nutrients such as boron (B). Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate plant development and the effect of strains of Trichoderma spp. in Schizolobium parahyba var. amazonicum seedlings grown under different boron rates. A randomized block experimental design was used, with a 4×5 factorial scheme, consisting of 4 strains of Trichoderma spp. and 5 B rates (0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 mg dm-3), with seven replications, in greenhouse. Plant height, stem diameter, fresh and dry mass, leaf, stem and total were evaluated at 120 days after emergence. The stains of Trichoderma spp. and B rates presented significant interaction for all evaluated variables, decreasing phytotoxicity. The strain IBLF006WP (T. harzianum) showed a higher capacity of increasing the plants' tolerance to boron, followed by URM5911 (T. asperellum). However, the beneficial effect of increasing this tolerance with the application of these strains is only feasible for soils with high contents of this micronutrient in the soil.
Impact of sowing dates on the yield efficiency of upland rice cultivars
Authors: Constantino Meirelles Flávia , Arf Orivaldo , Fernanda Siviero Garcia Nayara , Teruo Takasu Anderson , De Souza Buzo Fernando , Roberto Portugal José , Ribeiro Peres Portugal Amanda
Published: August 2022

The choice of cultivars adapted to different regions and the determination of the best sowing dates are indispensable tools for crop development. This allows the installation of the crop in times favorable to its development, as well as cultivars that manage to reach their maximum yield potential. The objective of this study was to determine the best sowing dates and the cultivars that can adapt to the low-altitude Cerrado region and have the best development and yield efficiency. The experiment was conducted on a typical clayey dystrophic Red Latosol soil. The experimental design was in randomized blocks in a factorial scheme, comprised by four sowing dates during the spring/summer season (October, November, December, and February) and in each sowing date there were eight upland rice cultivars (BRS Esmeralda, ANa 6005, ANa 5015, IPR 117, IAC 203, IAC 500, ANa 7211 and BRSGO Serra Dourada) with four replicates. Sowing in October and November benefited the aerial dry mass and the spikelets fertility however, sowing in November provided higher plant height, which caused lodging in plants. Sowing in December caused the incidence of scald, mainly affecting the cultivar ANa 7211. For all cultivars, sowing in October favored the yield efficiency of upland rice in the low-altitude Cerrado, followed by sowing in November. The cultivars which demonstrated higher yield efficiency in the conditions of the region were BRS Esmeralda and ANa 5015.
Agronomic performance of salad tomatoes grown in different conduction systems and fertilization doses
Authors: Alves de Oliveira Júnior Antônio , Filipe da Silva Gabriel , Souza Vilela Michelle , Ricardo Peixoto José , Kleber de Abreu Mattos Jean , Victor Ávila João , De Mari Cenci Andrine , Oliveira Castro Carlos
Published: August 2022

Looking to reduce the cost and maximize tomato productivity, this study aimed to evaluate fertilizer doses and conduction systems. For this, a field experiment was carried out in randomized blocks, in a simple factorial scheme, which consists in four fertilizer doses, (50, 100, 150 and 200% dose), and four conduction systems (with one or two plants per pit, and one or two stems per plant). Plants were spaced 0.44m and 1.5m between lines. Each plot consisted of 10 plants. The evaluated characteristics were fruit mass, number of fruits, total production per plant and pit, longitudinal and transversal dimension of the fruit. Under the experiment conditions, interactions were observed between fertilization and conduction only for the transversal and longitudinal diameter. The C4 conduction system showed superior results for the estimated yield when compared to the treatments containing only one plant per pit (C1 and C2). For the fertilizer doses, the observed yield was 142.68 t ha -1, in the 150% dose, and 114.84 t ha -1 for the 50% dose. The highest production per pit was obtained in the 150% fertilizer dose and the C4 conduction, but this treatment showed a lower average fruit mass. The treatment with two plants per pit and two stems provided lower fruit average mass than the treatments containing a single plant. The fertilization influenced only in the longitudinal diameter, and the largest diameter was observed in the recommended fertilization dose. Aiming at cost/efficiency relation, the 100% dose and the C3 were considered the best treatments.
The effects on the root and plant development of soybean of organic fertilizer applications
Authors: Arslanoglu Şahane Funda
Published: August 2022

Organic fertilizers increase soil aeration, water and nutrient holding capacity, improve seed germination and encourage the production of thicker roots, increase the yield and quality of the crop. This study was aimed to determine the effects of organic fertilizer (vermicompost, sheep manure, cattle manure, poultry manure and inorganic fertilizer as control) applications on the root and plant development of soybean during two growth stages, namely third trifoliate stage (V3) and beginning of flowering of the plants (R1) in the pot condition. The experiment was established with a two-factorial randomized plot design with four replications. The fertilizer applications had a significant effect (p<0.01) on the V3 and R1 growth stages of soybean. The highest plant height (36.78 cm) and root length (41.18 cm) were achieved with vermicompost, and the lowest plant height (21.73 cm) was recorded with inorganic fertilizer. The number of nodules was highest for vermicompost and cattle manure applications (17.16 plant-1 and 16.76 plant-1, respectively), and lowest for poultry manure (0.22 plant-1). In the R1 growth stage, poultry manure produced the highest biological fresh and dry weights, root dry weight at 25.08 g plant-1 and 5.67 g plant-1, 3.99 g plant-1 respectively. As a result, it was demonstrated that vermicompost and poultry manure applications promote strong root and plant development due to high organic matter and phosphorus and can be used successfully without inorganic fertilize application in soybean farming.
O professor em discurso
Authors: Bortolon Bazza Adélli
Published: August 2022

Nos últimos, foi possível observar uma intensa produção discursiva acerca da atuação das escolas brasileiras, da qualidade do ensino que oferecem, dos conteúdos e dos métodos de ensino a serem selecionados e da atuação de seus profissionais, principalmente os professores. Partindo de uma proposta discursiva, calcada nos pressupostos teóricos lançados por Michel Foucault e de outros pesquisadores a ele alinhados, propôs-se analisar a subjetividade de professor construída e veiculada em diferentes campos da sociedade, como o acadêmico, o jornalístico e o midiático. A série enunciativa analisada foi composta por textos que circularam em sites jornalísticos e em redes sociais, nos últimos cinco anos, que abordam a questão da docência, subjetivando o professor. As análises empreendidas indicaram que as subjetividades docentes em circulação na atualidade são várias, entre as quais: tia, comunista, doutrinador, conteudista, técnico, inovador, pesquisador, maconheiro etc. Essa pluralidade está permeada de lutas em que uma subjetividade rivaliza com outra e relacionada aos diversos dispositivos que disputam poder no campo da educação.
A redação do ENEM e a produção de discursos a respeito da norma-padrão no Instagram
Authors: Pereira dos Santos Sarah , Franceschini Bruno
Published: August 2022

Este artigo, à luz dos Estudos Discursivos Foucaultianos, tem por objetivo analisar enunciados retirados da rede social Instagram, nos quais circulam discursos acerca da exigência do uso da norma-padrão aos alunos concluintes do terceiro ano do ensino médio ao produzirem a redação do Exame Nacional do Ensino Médio (ENEM), com vistas a verificar se há o exercício de práticas de normatização e de normalização dos sujeitos da educação frente à língua. Assim, foram selecionados quatro perfis de professores de língua portuguesa produtores de conteúdos voltados ao ENEM no Instagram e, a partir destes perfis, foram recortados quatro posts a fim de identificar, em meio à dispersão constitutiva do discurso, as regularidades presentes sobre a imposição da norma-padrão. Enquanto percurso teórico, as reflexões apresentadas estão embasadas nas analíticas foucaultianas referentes ao instrumental teórico-metodológico composto pelos conceitos de condições de possibilidade, discurso, enunciado, formação discursiva e sujeito e, também, em discussões propostas por Veiga-Neto (2000, 2013, 2014), para o diálogo com a Educação. Como resultados, constatou-se, por meio das regularidades encontradas, que os professores corroboram com a normalização disciplinar do exame e ocupam a posição de sujeito-professor capaz de moldar e qualificar o estudante para a participação no exame.
Interação verbal, letramento literário e livro didático
Authors: Cruz de Castro Djelaine , Carvalhaes Wesley Luis
Published: August 2022

A formação de leitores, no Brasil, passa por diversas situações que dificultam a aproximação entre leitores e obras literárias, influenciando negativamente no desenvolvimento do letramento literário na esteira do que propõe Cosson (2019). Pesquisas acadêmicas apontam que a prática de leitura escolar se baseia na proposta apresentada no material didático e destacam que o texto poético circula na escola principalmente no livro didático de português (LDP), que cristaliza um modelo de abordagem para o poema. O presente artigo analisa como é abordado o gênero poema em um LDP, especificamente, o volume do 6º ano do ensino fundamental da coleção Geração Alpha Português (COSTA; MARCHETTI, 2017a). Esta pesquisa, de caráter documental com enfoque qualitativo, ampara-se em contribuições teóricas dos estudos do texto e do discurso, do letramento e do letramento literário, para investigar de que modo as questões do LDP selecionado tratam a leitura e a compreensão do gênero textual poema. Entre as principais conclusões, o estudo mostra que, no LDP analisado, falta um trabalho interpretativo que considere os aspectos próprios do gênero poema, uma vez que apresenta um conjunto de questões, em sua maioria, centradas nas operações superficiais de leitura e nas abordagens estruturais e metalinguísticas do texto poético.
governo da língua portuguesa na modernidade recente
Authors: Carmim Lavareda Welton Diego
Published: August 2022

Trata-se de um estudo que analisa a perspectiva de governo da língua na modernidade recente, visando ampliar o debate sobre as relações de ensino-aprendizagem de língua portuguesa em um contexto de globalização linguística. Para tanto, consideramos o arcabouço teórico-metodológico de Michel Foucault no quadro dos estudos discursivos (2010a; 2010b; 2010c; 2016a) e a operacionalização conceitual que vem sendo desenvolvida sobre gerenciamento linguístico na Amazônia (LAVAREDA, 2021a; 2021b). Assim, na busca de sistematizar o artigo, os procedimentos técnicos do estudo têm abordagem documental, tendo como instrumento para a produção dos arquivos da pesquisa as filigranas discursivas deixadas por alguns enunciados transversais. Almeja-se, com este texto, potencializar uma visão mais ampla sobre o conceito de língua na contemporaneidade e, em um mesmo gesto, oportunizar em que medida a arqueogenealogia pode ser compreendida como um trabalho dedicado à linguagem nessa articulação fundamental com o ensino de línguas.
Shopping Value Resonance of Household Appliance and Purchase Intentions in E-Commerce
Authors: Sujarwo Makmur , Indriani Farida
Published: August 2022

This study investigates shopping value resonance as a novelty concept that can bridge monetary promotion to purchase intentions on e-commerce platforms. Previous research has revealed that monetary promotion does not affect purchase intentions. The data was collected through a survey of 426 respondents who had shopped online in the form of home appliances and domiciled in Central Java, Indonesia. The data is analyzed using the Structural Equation Model PLS. The results show that monetary promotion has a significant and positive effect on purchase intention and shopping value resonance. Furthermore, shopping value resonance positively affects purchase intention. All the hypotheses are confirmed. The role of shopping value resonance as a mediation of monetary promotion and purchase intention is proven. Companies engaged in e-commerce can increase monetary promotion (e.g., discounts) through shopping value resonance, so that customer shopping on e-commerce is more comfortable and fun. This will have an impact on increasing purchase intentions. The findings suggest the need for companies to create monetary added value in theirpromotional activities considered useful by their customers.
Modellierung von elektrischen Energieübertragungssystemen im Zeitbereich bei der Bereitstellung von Systemdienstleistungen
Authors: Ecklebe Stefan , Krahmer Sebastian , Röbenack Klaus , Schegner Peter
Published: August 2022

Die Stabilität eines elektrischen Energieübertragungssystems ist eine der wichtigsten Eigenschaften, die dessen Betreiber garantieren muss, insbesondere angesichts des wachsenden Anteils von dezentral eingespeisten, volatilen Energieträgern wie Solar und Wind am Gesamtmix. Aus diesem Grund werden im Rahmen des STABEEL-Projekts Methoden untersucht, wie – durch spezielle Formen der Blindleistungsbereitstellung von Erzeugern – Netze zukunftssicher, effizient und gleichzeitig stabil betrieben werden können. Um dieses Ziel zu erreichen, stellt dieser Beitrag die Weiterentwicklung eines Modellierungsansatzes vor, der Zustandsraummodelle von Verteilnetzen für die nachgelagerten Stabilitätsbetrachtungen liefert. Nach der Zusammenfassung grundlegender Konzepte geht dieser Artikel dabei auf die Modellierung von Leistungslasten und blindleistungsgeregelten Generatoren ein. Im Anschluss daran wird deren Funktionalität anhand der Simulation eines Beispielnetzes überprüft.
Modellprädikative Temperaturregelung eines Extruders
Authors: Schwarzinger Kevin , Schlacher Kurt
Published: August 2022

In dieser Arbeit wird eine Temperaturregelung für einen hocheffizienten und damit gut isolierten Extruder ohne aktive Kühlung vorgestellt. Über Heizbänder wird Wärme zugeführt. Die Abfuhr der Wärme erfolgt vornehmlich durch den Transport des Granulats bzw. durch die Schmelze. Basierend auf einen Finiten Volumina Modell für die Wärmeverteilung im Extruder wird eine Modellprädikative Regelung für den Extruderzylinder entworfen. Der Wärmefluss zwischen Zylinder und Kunststoffschmelze wird mithilfe eines Störgrößenbeobachters so erfasst, dass er in der Regelung entsprechend berücksichtigt werden kann. Die Modellprädikative Regelung berechnet geeignete Verläufe der Solltemperaturen der Heizbänder um gewünschte Temperaturprofile zu erreichen. Die Tauglichkeit des vorgeschlagenen Regelkonzepts für Extrusionsstart, Arbeitspunktwechsel und Störszenarien wird durch Simulationen, aber vor allem durch Versuche belegt.
Modellierung und Regelung aktiv gütegeschalteter Laser
Authors: Tarra Lukas , Deutschmann-Olek Andreas , Stummer Vinzenz , Flöry Tobias , Baltuska Andrius , Michailovas Andrejus , Kugi Andreas
Published: August 2022

Ein wesentliches Problem beim Betrieb aktiv gütegeschalteter Laser liegt in Fluktuationen der Energien ihrer Ausgangspulse. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird erläutert, wie dieses Problem regelungstechnisch gelöst werden kann. Anhand eines mathematischen Modells wird der stochastische Einfluss spontaner Emission auf die Energien der Ausgangspulse demonstriert. Außerdem werden experimentell beobachtete Instabilitäten einer zeitdiskreten Populationsdynamik simulativ gezeigt und erklärt. Schließlich werden regelungstechnische Ansätze vorgestellt, die zur Unterdrückung der unerwünschten stochastischen und dynamischen Phänomene eingesetzt werden können.
Oxidative desulfurization of model and real fuel samples with natural zeolite-based catalysts: experimental design and optimization by Box–Behnken method
Authors: Arzanypour Pardis , Moradi Gholamreza , Reshadi Pourya
Published: August 2022

In this study, oxidative desulfurization was performed on simulated oil fraction consist of 1000 ppm dibenzothiophene. Cobalt supported on natural zeolite of Kaolin has been used as heterogeneous catalysts. 10% Co/metaKaolin with hydrogen peroxide as oxidant and acetonitrile as extraction solvent have shown excellent performance on desulfurization. Response surface methodology in experimental design and its subset Box–Benken was used to evaluate the performance of the selected catalyst in different operating conditions such as temperature, oxidant to sulfur molar ratio, time and catalyst amount. Also, optimum conditions was obtained are equal to 60 °C, O/S molar ratio (10.8 mol/mol), time (46 min) and catalyst amount 0.04 g with 97.1% sulfur removal. Oxidative desulfurization of model oil containing 1000 ppm of each sulfur component benzothiophene and thiophene was also tested at the optimum conditions, Oxidative desulfurization yield was ordered as DBT > BT > Th. In addition, after four steps consecutive recycle under optimum conditions oxidative desulfurization capacity of 10% Co/metaKaolin catalyst decreased from 97% to 92%, which is still high desulfurization capability. Finally, the performance of 10% Co/metaKaolin catalyst in oxidative desulfurization was evaluated for real oil fractions, gasoline and gasoil that was provided from regional oil refinery with sulfur content of 286 ppm and 7900 ppm, respectively. At the optimum conditions of operating variables desulfurization yield was 58% and 79% of total sulfur removal for gasoline and gasoil respectively with no significant changes in fuels properties.
Effects and dose-response relationships of exercise intervention on weight loss in overweight and obese children: a meta-regression and system review
Authors: Xu Rui , Huang Qiao-Ting , Chen Yu-Ting , Wang Peng-Yin
Published: August 2022

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of different exercise doses on weight loss in obese/overweight children. PubMed, Embase, SPORTDiscus, and the Cochrane library were searched from inception to November 2020 for randomized controlled trials. Fourty six trials involving 2,599 obese/overweight children were finally included. Different exercise dose interventions had different impacts. Exercise intervention reduce body weight (BW) by 1.46 kg (95% CI, −2.35 to −0.56, p=0.001), body fat percentage (BF%) by 2.24 (95% CI, −2.63 to −1.84, p<0.001) and body mass index (BMI) by 1.09 kg/m2(95% CI, −1.45 to −0.73, p<0.001). Each MET-h/week was association with 0.147 kg (95% CI, −0.287 to −0.007, p=0.039) decrease in BW, 0.060 (95% CI, −0.118 to −0.002, p=0.042) decrease in BF%, and 0.069 kg/m2(95% CI, −0.125 to −0.014, p=0.015) decrease in BMI. The findings suggest that there is a positive liner between exercise dose and weight loss, each MET-h/week associated with 0.147 kg, 0.060 and 0.069 kg/m2decrease in body weight, BF%, BMI, respectively.
A non-interleaved bidirectional Janus metasurface with full-space scattering channels
Authors: Shang Guanyu , Hu Guangwei , Guan Chunsheng , Wang Yue , Zhang Kuang , Wu Qun , Liu Jian , Ding Xue-Mei , Burokur Shah Nawaz , Li Haoyu , Ding Xumin , Qiu Cheng-Wei
Published: August 2022

Metasurfaces have attracted broad interest thanks to their unprecedented capacity for electromagnetic wavefront manipulation. The compact, ultrathin and multifunctional metasurface calls for novel design principles. Here, we propose and experimentally demonstrate a non-interleaved and non-segmented bidirectional Janus metasurface that encodes multiple functionalities in full-space scattering channels with different propagation directions and polarization in the microwave region. Specifically, by rotating and adjusting the elementary double-arrow-shaped structure within the same meta-atom, the independent phase control can be achieved in both cross-polarized transmission and co-polarized reflection components under oppositely directed incident waves. Our metasurface with broken mirror symmetry can fully exploit four independent information channels under opposite propagation directions. A series of proof-of-concept is constructed to validity of our methodology, and the simulations and experimental results further show that the proposed non-interleaved bidirectional metasurface can provide an attractive platform for various applications, ranging from structured light conversion, optical imaging, multifunctional optical information processing and others.
A Pragmatic Piety: Experience, Uncertainty, and Action in Charles G. Finney’s Evangelical Revivalism
Authors: Welch Shawn
Published: August 2022

This article focuses on the evangelical theology and revival practice of Charles Grandison Finney, popular in his time yet critically under-explored in American philosophy, specifically regarding his role in the emergence of American pragmatism. Spearheaded by American philosophers like Charles Sanders Peirce and William James, pragmatism argues that the significance of abstract concepts lies in their practical consequences in lived experience, as opposed to their internal logic or conformity to intellectual traditions. Whereas this philosophical method is often seen as predominantly secular in its origins, this article approaches pragmatic thinking and practice from the point of view of the spiritual conversion strategies of Charles Finney and antebellum evangelical culture more broadly. I expand on what Leonard I. Sweet has called Finney’s “pragmatic philosophy of revivalism,” addressing his theology and revival practice to disclose its latent pragmatic tendencies and those within antebellum evangelical culture. I argue that by looking at Finney as an early practitioner of this method, we must reappraise his and evangelicalism’s role in the emergence of philosophical pragmatism, challenge its putative secularity, and – as Charles Taylor has recently demonstrated – reassess what academic disciplines mean when they cite the presumed distinction between the religious and the secular.
Molding process and properties of polyimide-fiber-fabric-reinforced polyether ether ketone composites
Authors: Zhang Jindong , Wang Wencai , Liu Gang , Cao Rui , Tian Guofeng , Yao Jianan , Chen Chunhai , Wang Ming
Published: August 2022

As the most outstanding type of organic fiber in terms of the comprehensive performance, polyimide fiber is more conducive to reduce the composites weight than inorganic fibers, such as carbon fiber or glass fiber. A polyimide-fabric-reinforced polyether ether ketone (PEEK) composite was prepared by a hot-press molding process. The melt flow rate of the PEEK resin was measured to reveal its rheological behavior and guide the selection of the molding process parameters of the composite. The tensile properties of the composites were determined. The results revealed that the rheological properties of the resin manifested through the melt viscosity, which was more sensitive to pressure changes than to temperature changes. The tensile properties of the composites were affected by two competitive mechanisms. First, increases of molding temperature and duration time could facilitate the infiltration of the resin into the fiber fabric and improve the internal quality and tensile properties of the composite. Second, an excessively high molding temperature and long duration time could decrease the strength of the polyimide fiber, thereby reducing the tensile properties of the composites.
Rapeseed Storage Quality Detection Using Hyperspectral Image Technology - An Application for Future Smart Cities
Authors: Liao Xiaoyi , Liao Guiping , Xiao Linyu
Published: August 2022

At present, the application of hyperspectral image technology in image target detection is lacking black-and-white correction, and the average spectral reflectance cannot be calculated, which leads to large error in image feature detection and classification. In this study, hyperspectral image technology was applied to the detection of rapeseed storage quality, and germination detection was completed during the storage of rapeseed. The black-and-white board correction to the hyperspectral data was completed and the spectral characteristic curve of the rapeseed sample hyperspectral image was obtained. The average spectral reflectance is calculated, the threshold of hyperspectral image is estimated, and the correlation technique is used to denoise the hyperspectral image. Based on this, the edge feature of the rapeseed hyperspectral image is recognized, and the feature classification of the hyperspectral rapeseed image is realized by combining the gray co-occurrence matrix. The experimental results show that the proposed method can detect the germination of rapeseed with high precision under the application of hyperspectral image technology. This study provides a reliable basis for the application of hyperspectral image technology.
Design of Smart Edge Sharpening and Enhancement Algorithm for the Complex Panoramic Image of City Landscape Architecture
Authors: Du Juan
Published: August 2022

When using the current method to sharpen and enhance the edge of panoramic image, it is affected by the noise in panoramic image, resulting in large image standard deviation and mean square error, low signal-to-noise ratio and peak signal-to-noise ratio, high brightness distortion, and visual information distortion. Therefore, an edge sharpening and enhancement algorithm for the complex panoramic image of landscape architecture is proposed. The principal component analysis method is used to denoise the complex panoramic image of landscape architectures. According to the surface points and detail areas of plant landscape, the panoramic image’s super-resolution reconstruction and template matching are carried out, the overall histogram distribution model of panoramic image is reconstructed, and the self-similarity coefficient of edge sharpened surface points of panoramic image is obtained by tone mapping and color feature decomposition, so that the image edge sharpening is completed. Finally, NLEMD algorithm and Retinex algorithm are combined to enhance the complex panoramic image of landscape architecture. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm has small image standard deviation and mean square error, high signal-to-noise ratio, and peak signal-to-noise ratio, as well as low brightness distortion and visual information distortion.
Utilizing Bacteria-Derived Components for Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Zhang Chengxiao , Mu Yulin , Zhuo Ye , Li Taihua , Jin Feng-Jie , Jin Chun-Zhin , Lee Hyung-Gwan , Jin Long
Published: August 2022

Bacteria-related cancer immunotherapy, because of its mechanisms and useful applications in the induction of anti-tumor immunity, has gained substantial attention in recent decades. Bacteria can enable targeting of tumors, and specifically can colonize the core tumor area. Because they contain many pathogen-associated molecular patterns—which efficiently stimulate immune cells, even within microenvironments that suppress anti-tumor immunity—bacteria boost immunological recognition leading to the destruction of malignant cells. This Editorial highlights various bacteria with immunotherapeutic effects and their by-products used as immunotherapeutics.
Genotype 5 Japanese Encephalitis Virus—Old Genotype, New Threat
Authors: Zhang Weijia , Xu Chongxiao , Nie Kai , Wang Huanyu
Published: August 2022

Japanese encephalitis (JE) is an important viral encephalitis with epidemic status in Asia, which is caused by Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), a member of the genus Flavivirus. JEV is divided into five genotypes. Genotype 5 (G5) is relatively neglected because of the limited number of cases and strains isolated. The first strain of G5 JEV (Muar strain) was isolated in Singapore in 1952 in a patient from Muar, Malaysia. The second strain (XZ0934) was isolated 57 years later in China, thus indicating the re-emergence of G5 JEV. A female patient who had been vaccinated against JE was infected with G5 JEV in Korea in 2015. JE is a vaccine-preventable disease, and its incidence has decreased with vaccination in many Asian countries. G3 JEV is the main candidate for current JE vaccines, which include attenuated, inactivated and chimeric type vaccines. However, the available vaccines do not provide adequate protection against the older G5 JEV lineage. Therefore, more research on this genotype is crucial for developing better detection methods, expanding surveillance to determine the possible chains of viral transmission for this new threat and developing a polyvalent JEV vaccine.
The Graveyard and the Frontier
Authors: James Heather
Published: August 2022

The image of Hamlet holding and beholding the skull in the graveyard scene of Hamlet is an icon of tragic endings that exceeds the moralizing dimensions of the standard memento mori or remembrance of death. This essay explores the significance of the image in the history of Shakespearean adaptation in the context of the art, science, and ethical philosophy of the American frontier. The focus of the essay is Herd on the Move, the most ambitious painting by artist and naturalist William Jacob Hays (1830–75). The large canvas presents the exodus of bison on the frontier to points further west and features a bison in the posture of Hamlet gazing in tragic shock and recognition at a bison skull to the side of the herd. The essay analyzes this painting to trace the theme of the extinction of species as it is embedded in the “translation of empire” and Manifest Destiny. I account for the combined resources of several histories—art, theater, nineteenth-century history and philosophy—to elucidate the ways in which Hays, as an artist and scientist, aimed to retrain the eyes of East Coast clientele so that they might see the ecological and ethical consequences of the White man’s perspective on the push west to native species, especially the bison and the Indigenous peoples with whom their existence was intimately entwined.
Barley GRIK1‐SnRK1 kinases subvert a viral virulence protein to upregulate antiviral RNAi and inhibit infection
Authors: Jin Huaibing , Han Xinyun , Wang Zhaohui , Xie Yilin , Zhang Kunpu , Zhao Xiaoge , Wang Lina , Yang Jin , Liu Huiyun , Ji Xiang , Dong Lingli , Zheng Hongyuan , Hu Weijuan , Liu Yan , Wang Xifeng , Zhou Xueping , Zhang Yijing , Qian Weiqiang , Zheng Wenming , Shen Qianhua , Gou Mingyue , Wang Daowen
Published: August 2022

Viruses often usurp host machineries for their amplification, but it remains unclear if hosts may subvert virus proteins to regulate viral proliferation. Here, we show that the 17K protein, an important virulence factor conserved in barley yellow dwarf viruses (BYDVs) and related poleroviruses, is phosphorylated by host GRIK1‐SnRK1 kinases, with the phosphorylated 17K (P17K) capable of enhancing the abundance of virus‐derived small interfering RNAs (vsiRNAs) and thus antiviral RNAi. Furthermore, P17K interacts with barley small RNA‐degrading nuclease 1 (HvSDN1) and impedes HvSDN1‐catalyzed vsiRNA degradation. Additionally, P17K weakens the HvSDN1‐HvAGO1 interaction, thus hindering HvSDN1 from accessing and degrading HvAGO1‐carried vsiRNAs. Importantly, transgenic expression of 17K phosphomimetics (17K5D), or genome editing of SDN1, generates stable resistance to BYDV through elevating vsiRNA abundance. These data validate a novel mechanism that enhances antiviral RNAi through host subversion of a viral virulence protein to inhibit SDN1‐catalyzed vsiRNA degradation and suggest new ways for engineering BYDV‐resistant crops.
Cytotoxic Activity of Eugenia polyantha Wight Leaves Extract, Purified Extract and Ethyl Acetate Fraction in T47D and Determination of Flavonoid Levels
Authors: Hidayati Devi Nisa , Parusiza Intan Meyta , Fauzizah Nisa
Published: August 2022

Breast cancer is one of the cancers with the highest incidence in women in Indonesia. Old bay leaf extract (Eugenia polyantha Wight) has been proven to contain flavonoids so that it has anticancer activity. The flavonoid compounds can be extracted with ethyl acetate as solvent. The purpose of this study was to determine the cytotoxic activity of extracts, purified extracts, and the ethyl acetate fraction of old bay leaves against T47D breast cancer cells and to investigate their total flavonoid levels. Extraction using maceration method on old Eugenia polyantha Wight powder with methanol solvent, followed by purification and fractionation using ethyl acetate solvent. Cytotoxic activity using the MTT assay method. T47D cells were treated with each test sample with concentration of 31.25; 62.5; 125; 250; 500 and 1000 µg/mL. The absorbance was seen with an ELISA reader and viability cells (%) were calculated to obtain IC50. Determination of flavonoid levels with quercetin and analyzed by UV-Visible spectrophotometry. The result showed that the extract, purified extract, and ethyl acetate fraction of old Eugenia polyantha Wight had a cytotoxic activity with IC50 values of 798.808 g/mL; 593.826 g/mL, and 171.946 g/mL, respectively. Meanwhile, the flavonoid levels were 1.60 mgQE/g, 9.3 mgQE/g, and 5.27 mgQE/g, respectively.
Potential Antibacterial Activity of Hydroxyapatite Composite And Green Betel Leaf Extract (Piper betle L.) Against Streptococcus mutans Bacteria
Authors: Lawarti Riska Amelia , Cahyaningrum Sari Edi
Published: August 2022

Dental caries is a common oral disease and the main bacteria causing it is Streptococcus mutans. Hydroxyapatite is a material consisting of calcium and phosphate components that have dual abilities as remineralizing and antibacterial agents. In addition to hydroxyapatite, phenolic compounds and tannins in green betel leaf extract also have antimicrobial functions. Tannins and phenols act as poisons for microbes by inhibiting the enzyme activity of interfering microbes. The purpose of this study was to determine the physicochemical character and antibacterial activity of Streptococcus mutans from oral hydroxyapatite preparations and green betel leaf extract. In this study, hydroxyapatite and green betel leaf extract were used as oral preparations with variations in the addition of green betel leaf extract 0.1; 0.3; 0.5; 0.7 and 1 gram. The results of the FTIR analysis explain the absorption bands of the functional groups PO43-, OH and CO32- from hydroxyapatite, as well as the C=O and C-O groups from green betel leaf extract which have shifted the wave number, indicating that there has been a bond between hydroxyapatite and metabolite compounds in betel leaf extract. green. In PSA testing, the smallest particle size was indicated by the variation of hydroxyapatite composite and 0,3 gram green betel leaf extract, which was 690.08 nm. Testing the antibacterial activity of the hydroxyapatite-green betel leaf extract composite showed inhibitory activity against Streptococcus mutans bacteri.
Antibacterial Activity of Cajuputi Oil (Melaleuca leucadendron) Microcapsules Against Staphylococcus aureus Bacteria Applied to Cotton Fabric Fibers
Authors: Sulistiyani Indania Febry , Prasetya Agung Tri
Published: August 2022

Essential oils were sensitive and easily degraded when exposed to oxygen, heat, and light. The microencapsulation technique is very suitable to protect the properties and activity of essential oils. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of coating material composition on cajuputi leaf oil microcapsules. The microcapsules consist of core material and coating material. Cajuputi leaf oil was chosen as the core material for microcapsules because it has antibacterial activity with dominant components of 1,8-cineol of 55.43% and α-terpineol of 16.76%. Microcapsule coating materials used were maltodextrin and gum arabic with a ratio of 7:1; 6:2; 5:3; 4:4; 3:5; 2:6; and 1:7. From the results of the study, the microcapsules that had the best formulation were in the ratio of the coating material to 6:2 with a yield value of 82.35%; water content of 2.08%; particle size of 1.0512 m; and controlled release of 46%. Microcapsules with the best formulation tested by SEM produced irregular shapes, tested for the antibacterial activity of Staphylococcus aureus having an inhibition zone of 15 mm. The microcapsules with the best formulation were then immobilized into cotton fabric fibers with the help of polyurethane which was retested using SEM. The results of this cotton cloth will be used as a coating on cloth masks so that it has antibacterial properties.
Determination of Total Phenolic, Total Flavonoid, and Antioxidant Activity of India Onion Extract
Authors: Hidayah Laila Ayuni , Anggarani Mirwa Adipraha
Published: August 2022

Degenerative diseases can be triggered by free radicals. The disease can be inhibited by antioxidant compounds that can neutralize and destroy free radicals. The content of antioxidant compounds can be found in the genus Allium, one of which is the Indian red onion. Knowing the antioxidant activity, total phenolics, and total flavonoids of Indian shallot extract was the aim of this study. The extraction process was carried out from three solvents, namely dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, and 96% ethanol, using the multilevel maceration method with different levels of polarity. The samples tested included testing antioxidant activity using the DPPH method, total phenolics using the Folin Ciocalteu method, and total flavonoids using the aluminum chloride calorimetric method. The results showed that there were no phenolic and flavonoid compounds that had the potential as antioxidants in the dichloromethane and ethyl acetate extracts. Total phenolics, total flavonoids, and IC50 values ​​in the ethanol extract were 2,381 mg GAE/g extract, respectively; 0.330 mg QE/g extract, and 297.8689 ppm. The IC50 value obtained is classified as a weak antioxidant.
Effect of Mannitol Concentration on The Stability of Encapsulated Yeast Black Rice Extract
Authors: Ririn Uli Riwu Fikaliah Kusnandar , Agustini Rudiana
Published: August 2022

The encapsulation process of black rice yeast extract with mannitol was able to minimize the occurrence of protein aggregation and degradation processes due to encapsulated preparations that had low bioavailability. This study aims to determine the effect of mannitol concentration on the stability of encapsulated black rice yeast extract using sonication techniques and a poloxamer support matrix. The addition of mannitol used concentration variations (0 ppm, 25 ppm, 50 ppm, 75 ppm dan 100 ppm). The stability of the encapsulated results was measured using a TDS (Total Dissolve Solid) meter to see the level of turbidity and characterized using infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) to see the shift in the spectra of the functional groups. The results showed that the encapsulation of formula 3 has the best stability because it has a small TDS value for a period of 7 with a turbidity of 16 ppm and the resulting color display looks clearer. Based on the results of the study, it was found that the addition of mannitol concentration affected the turbidity value without chemical interactions that damaged the active compounds in the encapsulation.
Lateral-torsional buckling of nonsymmetrical plate girders with web openings
Authors: Bartuš Jakub , Odrobiňák Jaroslav
Published: August 2022

Nowadays, due to savings requirements, the heights of floor systems in multi-story buildings are reduced. To ensure passage of installation within a floor depth, a solution considering web openings is usually adopted in steel-concrete composite structures. Owing to the presence of web openings, the structural performance of a bearing member is affected not only in the final stage but also during the construction. Hence, the main purpose of this research is to evaluate the impact of web openings on the lateral-torsional buckling resistance of the steel part of composite girder in the erection stage. Comparison of lateral-torsional resistance of the steel girders with web openings derived by the analytical approach with results obtained by numerical model is presented and discussed.
Enhanced solubility of foliar fertilizer via spray dryer: Process analysis and productivity optimization by response surface methodology
Authors: Alberto Leticia , Luz Mario Sérgio da , Santos Kássia Graciele dos , Okura Mônica Hitomi
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT Foliar fertilization is a highly efficient technique of applying needed plant nutrients. During pulverization in the field, the incompatibility between fertilizer and pesticides can cause clogging of the spray nozzles. So, this work aims to improve the solubility of foliar fertilizers to facilitate its application. The effect of airflow, inlet gas temperature, and feed solution flow rate over yield, productivity, solubility, and final moisture were evaluated. The powder solubility was improved because of the capillary effect caused by greater porosity, roughness, and particle agglomeration. The maximum productivity of 0.336 kg/h was obtained at 175 ºC, with a liquid feed of 0.82 L/h and an airflow rate of 1.95 m3/min.