bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Outcome comparison between thoracodorsal artery perforator flap and muscle‐sparing latissimus dorsi flap in axillary reconstruction after hidradenitis suppurativa excision
Authors: El‐Shebly Ahmed M. , El‐Hadidy Mohamed R. , Shehabeldin Samy A. , El Din Ahmed Bahaa , Zeina Ahmed M. , Zayed Ahmed E. , El Fahar Mohammed H.
Published: November 2021

Background

Thoracodorsal artery perforator (TDAP) flap and muscle‐sparing latissimus dorsi (MSLD) flap have been frequently used for axillary coverage after hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) excision. However, none showed superiority to others. This study compared both flaps to define the ideal option, highlighting flap outcomes and functional and aesthetic results.

Methods

A retrospective study was conducted to compare both flaps that were used for axillary reconstruction in nine patients with bilateral HS Hurley stage III between 2017 and 2020. Eight TDAP and 10 MSLD flaps underwent functional evaluation using shoulder abduction angle (SA); the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) score; visual analog scale (VAS) for pain; and the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) questionnaires. Aesthetic assessment included the Scar Cosmesis Assessment and Rating (SCAR) scale and arm–chest interval.

Results

The mean operating time was 194.4 ± 51.58 and 128.5 ± 31.45 min for TDAP and MSLD (p = .009), respectively. Flap complications were significantly higher in the TDAP group (p = .034). There was no significant difference between both groups regarding SA; DASH, DLQI, VAS, and SCAR scale (p > .05). The mean arm–chest interval was significantly longer in the MSLD than in the TDAP group by 6.9 mm (p = .001).

Conclusions

TDAP and MSLD are comparable versatile flaps to eradicate axillary HS with higher TDAP flap complications. Although the TDAP flap is less bulky than the MSLD flap, the MSLD flap shortens the harvesting time without a significant difference in functional outcomes and scar results.
Coronoidectomy, condylectomy, and free vascularized fibula osteomusculocutaneous flap transfer for severe trismus due to contracture of the oral mucosa and temporomandibular joint ankylosis after maxillectomy: A case report
Authors: Karakawa Ryo , Yoshimatsu Hidehiko , Yano Tomoyuki
Published: November 2021

Severe trismus often causes significant compromise in quality of life due to severe impairment of oral functions. Treatment of trismus needs to be tailored to the cause. Here, we report the case of a successful treatment for severe trismus after maxillectomy using coronoidectomy, condylectomy, and vascularized fibula flap transfer. A 65‐year‐old female suffered from severe trismus due to temporomandibular joint (TMJ) ankylosis and contracture of the oral mucosa 5 years after partial maxillectomy for a squamous cell carcinoma. Surgical release including a masticatory muscle myotomy, a coronoidectomy, and a condylectomy was performed. After the surgical release, the size of the defect of the oral mucosa was 5 × 10 cm. Then a free vascularized fibula osteomusculocutaneous flap with a 5 × 12 cm skin paddle and a 5 cm fibula bone was transferred. The fibula bone was fixed to the hard palate and zygomatic body. The intraoperative final interincisal distance achieved 30 mm. The postoperative course was uneventful and the free fibula osteomusculocuateous flap survived completely. At 32‐month follow‐up, although the interincisal distance had regressed to 25 mm, the patient maintained an improvement in the patient's quality of life. Combined treatment with coronoidectomy, condylectomy and free tissue transfer may be effective for severe trismus having multiple causes: oral mucosa contracture and TMJ ankylosis.
A miniaturizedquasi‐Yagiantenna using defected ground structure and double dog‐bone driver
Authors: Turan Goksel , Odabasi Hayrettin
Published: November 2021

A miniaturized quasi‐Yagi antenna is presented using a defected ground structure and double dog‐bone driver. The antenna has a simplified feeding structure. With the help of the dog‐bone driver and slotted ground structure antenna's resonance frequency is lowered. Thus, the miniaturization is achieved. Additional angled dog‐bone driver and circular patches in the ground improve impedance matching and bandwidth characteristics. The overall size of the proposed miniaturized quasi‐Yagi antenna is , where is the wavelength at the lowest operating frequency( dB). The antenna achieves dB between and GHz in the simulation, and GHz in the measurement. The antenna has a gain of 3.8–5.4 dBi, over total efficiency, and stable end‐fire radiation characteristics in the frequency range of operation. The proposed antenna is a good candidate for compact portable wireless communication systems.
Assessment of measurement precision in single‐voxel spectroscopy at 7 T: Toward minimal detectable changes of metabolite concentrations in the human brain in vivo
Authors: Riemann Layla Tabea , Aigner Christoph Stefan , Ellison Stephen L. R. , Brühl Rüdiger , Mekle Ralf , Schmitter Sebastian , Speck Oliver , Rose Georg , Ittermann Bernd , Fillmer Ariane
Published: November 2021

Purpose

To introduce a study design and statistical analysis framework to assess the repeatability, reproducibility, and minimal detectable changes (MDCs) of metabolite concentrations determined by in vivo MRS.

Methods

An unbalanced nested study design was chosen to acquire in vivo MRS data within different repeatability and reproducibility scenarios. A spin‐echo, full‐intensity acquired localized (SPECIAL) sequence was employed at 7 T utlizing three different inversion pulses: a hyperbolic secant (HS), a gradient offset independent adiabaticity (GOIA), and a wideband, uniform rate, smooth truncation (WURST) pulse. Metabolite concentrations, Cramér‐Rao lower bounds (CRLBs) and coefficients of variation (CVs) were calculated. Both Bland‐Altman analysis and a restricted maximum‐likelihood estimation (REML) analysis were performed to estimate the different variance contributions of the repeatability and reproducibility of the measured concentration. A Bland‐Altmann analysis of the spectral shape was performed to assess the variance of the spectral shape, independent of quantification model influences.

Results

For the used setup, minimal detectable changes of brain metabolite concentrations were found to be between 0.40 µmol/g and 2.23 µmol/g. CRLBs account for only 16 % to 74 % of the total variance of the metabolite concentrations. The application of gradient‐modulated inversion pulses in SPECIAL led to slightly improved repeatability, but overall reproducibility appeared to be limited by differences in positioning, calibration, and other day‐to‐day variations throughout different sessions.

Conclusion

A framework is introduced to estimate the precision of metabolite concentrations obtained by MRS in vivo, and the minimal detectable changes for 13 metabolite concentrations measured at 7 T using SPECIAL are obtained.
High‐dose vitamin C therapy for symptomatic deficiency in a patient with myasthenia gravis and Crohn's disease
Authors: Murphree Jill , Mulherin Diana Wells , Morton Colleen , Adams Dawn
Published: November 2021

Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) is an essential water‐soluble antioxidant, and deficiency (ie, plasma level <11 μmol/L) can result in scurvy. People at the highest risk for vitamin C deficiency (ie, scurvy) are those with inadequate intake, such as patients with alcohol abuse disorder, malnutrition, psychiatric disorders, restrictive eating habits, and food insecurity, as well as those with malabsorptive syndromes. We present a case of a 26‐year‐old woman with Crohn's colitis, myasthenia gravis, and juvenile rheumatoid arthritis who presented with frequent bruising, epistaxis, and excessive bleeding from small cuts and who was found to be deficient in vitamin C. Plasma levels initially normalized with oral vitamin C supplementation, but bleeding symptoms eventually returned despite high‐dose oral supplementation with 2000 mg daily. She ultimately required routine intravenous supplementation in the home setting for the normalization of levels and the resolution of symptoms. Case reports of vitamin C deficiency typically involve patients with an inadequate intake of vitamin C–containing foods or inadequate absorption. In contrast, our patient reported a regular intake of vitamin C–containing foods, in addition to oral supplementation, but continued to have difficulty maintaining normal vitamin C levels. Scurvy should be considered for any patient with symptoms of bleeding, petechiae, or ecchymosis and, although it can typically be treated with oral vitamin C, intravenous repletion may be necessary in some cases.
Hybrid approach to predict the effective properties of heterogeneous materials using artificial neural networks and micromechanical models
Authors: Danoun Aymen , Pruliére Etienne , Chemisky Yves
Published: November 2021

In this article, an investigation was carried out to verify hybrid models capabilities to predict the effective properties of heterogeneous materials. A hybrid model is developed by combining artificial neural networks and micromechanical modeling. The homogenization approach used in this study is mainly based on Eshelby's inclusion problem. The model, once trained on an Eshelby's tensors database, showed an excellent predictive capabilities of the effective mechanical behavior and local stresses in heterogeneous materials. The obtained results with are compared to numerical estimations which are often costly in terms of computational time. The results presented in this work show that the developed hybrid model can provide a significant computational time saving by a factor up to 2000 for phases while maintaining its accuracy and reliability.
A tracking strategy for multi‐branched crack tips in phase‐field modeling of dynamic fractures
Authors: Zeng Jun , Zhang Mengnan , Yang Erjie , Tian Fucheng , Li Liangbin
Published: November 2021

The well‐received phase‐field method smears the discrete cracks in the damaged bands, blurring the explicit crack tip. However, identifying the location of the crack tip is sometimes vital. The widely used scheme at present considers the forefront of a phase‐field contour as the crack tip. Such a method, to our best knowledge, is inapplicable for branched cracks, which motivates us to develop a novel stepwise identification strategy for multi‐branched crack tips termed si‐MCT. Instead of searching for crack tips globally, the proposed si‐MCT realizes this in the chosen deliberately local regions (searching regions), and then automatically updates these regions as the cracks propagate. For the robust implementation of si‐MCT, a novel concept of active crack tip zone is also proposed to cope with the extreme circumstances where adjacent crack paths are too close to interfere with identifying the crack tip. Furthermore, the core algorithms and specific procedures of the proposed strategy are also elaborated. Moreover, several representative tests are studied, showing the bright prospect of si‐MCT in dynamic multi‐branch crack tracking and adaptive mesh algorithm.
Clinical and genomic features of SPOP‐mutant prostate cancer
Authors: Nakazawa Mari , Fang Mike , H. Marshall Catherine , Lotan Tamara L. , Isaacsson Velho Pedro , Antonarakis Emmanuel S.
Published: November 2021

Background

Inactivating missense mutations in the SPOP gene, encoding speckle‐type poxvirus and zinc‐finger protein, are one of the most common genetic alterations in prostate cancer.

Methods

We retrospectively identified 72 consecutive prostate cancer patients with somatic SPOP mutations, through next‐generation sequencing analysis, who were treated at the Johns Hopkins Hospital. We evaluated clinical and genomic characteristics of this SPOP‐mutant subset.

Results

SPOP alterations were clustered in the MATH domain, with hotspot mutations involving the F133 and F102 residues. The most frequent concurrent genetic alterations were in APC (16/72 [22%]), PTEN (13/72 [18%]), and TP53 (11/72 [15%]). SPOP‐mutant cancers appeared to be mutually exclusive with tumors harboring the TMPRSS2‐ERG fusion, and were significantly enriched for Wnt pathway (APC, CTNNB1) mutations and de‐enriched for TP53/PTEN/RB1 alterations. Patients with mtSPOP had durable responses to androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) with a median time‐to‐castration‐resistance of 42.0 (95% confidence interval [CI], 25.7–60.8) months. However, time‐to‐castration‐resistance was significantly shorter in SPOP‐mutant patients with concurrent TP53 mutations (hazard ratio [HR] 4.53; p = 0.002), HRD pathway (ATM, BRCA1/2, and CHEK2) mutations (HR 3.19; p = 0.003), and PI3K pathway (PTEN, PIK3CA, and AKT1) alterations (HR 2.69; p = 0.004). In the castration‐resistant prostate cancer setting, median progression‐free survival was 8.9 (95% CI, 6.7–NR) months on abiraterone and 7.3 (95% CI, 3.2–NR) months on enzalutamide. There were no responses to PARP inhibitor treatment.

Conclusions

SPOP‐mutant prostate cancers represent a unique subset with absent ERG fusions and frequent Wnt pathway alterations, with potentially greater dependency on androgen signaling and enhanced responsiveness to ADT. Outcomes are best for SPOP‐altered patients without other concurrent mutations.
Semi‐field evaluation of the predation of Macrocheles embersoni and Macrocheles muscaedomesticae (Acari: Mesostigmata: Macrochelidae) on the house fly and the stable fly (Diptera: Muscidae)
Authors: Azevedo Letícia Henrique , Borges Vinícius , Filho Walter Mesquita , de Campos Castilho Raphael , de Moraes Gilberto José
Published: November 2021

BACKGROUND

The house fly, Musca domestica L., and the stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans (L.), are important and harmful organisms. The cosmopolitan house fly is not parasitic, but the adults are annoying and a known vector of several pathogens. The importance of the stable fly has increased in Brazil in the last 40 years, after major changes in sugarcane cultivation practices were implemented, including the widespread application of vinasse (byproduct in sugarcane mills) and the parallel reduction of sugarcane preharvest burning. These changes have favored the development of this fly, which can reach high populations, that can negatively affect cattle and other animals. The control of these flies relies heavily on the use of chemical products, which very often do not provide adequate population reduction. Predatory mites of the family Macrochelidae have been evaluated under laboratory conditions for the biological control of these organisms, especially of the house fly. The objective of this study was to examine the predation capacity of the macrochelids Macrocheles embersoni Azevedo, Castilho & Berto and Macrocheles muscaedomesticae (Scopoli) on the house fly and the stable fly, under semi‐field conditions (screen‐houses).

RESULTS

Reductions of 83 to 90% of the house fly and 66 to 73% of the stable fly populations were observed, with the release of 100 of these predators per square meter.

CONCLUSIONS

The number of adults of both fly species was much lower in the units where the predators had been released than in the others. However it is suggested that provisioning and or conserving alternative food sources for these macrochelids, such as free‐living nematodes, could further improve biocontrol efficacy.
Trixeo Aerosphere: a triple‐combination inhaler for COPD
Authors: Chaplin Steve
Published: November 2021

Trixeo Aerosphere (formoterol/glycopyrronium/budesonide) is a metered‐dose triple‐combination inhaler for the treatment of moderate to severe COPD. This article summarises its indications, clinical trial efficacy and adverse effects.
Active cellulose acetate‐oregano essential oil films to conservation of hamburger buns: Antifungal, analysed sensorial and mechanical properties
Authors: Fernandes Flávio Gomes , Grisi Cristiani Viegas Brandão , da Costa Araújo Raunira , Botrel Diego Alvarenga , de Sousa Solange
Published: November 2021

The objective of this study was to develop active films containing oregano essential oil as a natural antifungal additive, aiming to increase hamburger buns' shelf life, safety and quality and improve their sensory characteristics. The films were produced with cellulose acetate using different concentrations of the natural additive (0.5%, 1.5%, 2.5% and 3.5%), and a control film without essential oil was also used for comparison. All analysed films showed an increase in tensile strength when compared to the control. The same behaviour was found for percentage of elongation. It also increased as the concentration of the natural additive increased, which may be considered a plasticizer. The active packaging containing the lowest concentration of the natural additive (0.5% oregano essential oil) increased the shelf life of hamburger buns from 12 to 27 days and contributed to the sensory quality of the buns, as justified with consumer's acceptability tests performed for flavour, aroma and overall impression. Consumers said they would probably buy the product if it was available on the market. Therefore, active antifungal packaging containing oregano essential oil as an active agent showed efficacy for application in hamburger bun preservation.
When 4‐Chloro‐3‐vinyl Coumarins Meet Cyclic 1,3‐Diketones: Chemoselective and Unexpected Synthesis of Benzocoumarin Derivatives
Authors: Alizadeh Abdolali , Farajpour Behnaz , Rezaiyehraad Reza , Khanpour Mojtaba
Published: November 2021

A series of pyranocoumarins and benzocoumarins were synthesized by base‐mediated reaction of 4‐chloro‐3‐vinyl coumarins with cyclic 1,3‐dikeones in ethanol at reflux. Reactions using dimedone and 1,3‐cyclohexadione gave pyranocoumarins, whereas 1,3‐indandione resulted in the formation of unexpected benzocoumarin derivatives. These transformations were carried out under relatively green and mild conditions, provided access to novel coumarin‐based heterocycles in synthetically useful yields.
Efficient seismic risk assessment of irregular steel‐framed buildings through endurance time analysis of consistent fish‐bone model
Authors: Ahmadie Amiri Hossein , Hosseini Mojtaba , E. Estekanchi Homayoon
Published: November 2021

The seismic risk framework of building structures has been presented to reduce earthquake‐induced adverse consequences. In this context, probabilistic analysis of engineering demand parameters (EDPs) is always associated with many uncertainties and high computational demand for use in practical applications. This study has been presented to efficiently estimate the distribution of EDPs in probabilistic seismic risk assessment of irregular steel moment‐resisting frames (SMRFs). For this purpose, the incorporation of the consistent fish‐bone (CFB) model and the endurance time (ET) analysis method has been used. The proposed method (i.e., CFB‐ET) has a substantial impact on reducing the complexities of the new generation of performance‐based earthquake engineering (PBEE) by significantly reducing the degrees of freedom (DOFs) of the original building and the number of required nonlinear time history analyses (NLTHAs). The efficiency of the proposed method has been evaluated using three 3‐, 9‐, and 20‐story SMRFs irregular in bay lengths and three other SMRFs with the same number of stories but irregular in height. In this evaluation, the maximum structural response at all seismic intensity levels up to the collapse stage and also the structural response profile along the building height at service‐level earthquake (SLE), design‐based earthquake (DBE), and maximum credible earthquake (MCE) seismic intensity levels have been investigated. Next, the efficiency of the proposed method in seismic risk assessment is investigated by using seismic fragility and vulnerability curves. The results of these evaluations have been compared with the full incremental dynamic analysis (IDA) of the full DOF model of the building (i.e., SMRF‐IDA) under 44 far‐field ground motions of FEMA P‐695 in terms of computational accuracy and effort. Furthermore, a new approach to estimating the dispersion of the structural response in the ET method has been proposed, whose efficiency has been investigated in the above‐mentioned evaluations. The results show that the proposed method allows for using the new generation of PBEE in engineering applications by significantly reducing computational demand and having sufficient accuracy in the seismic assessment process.
Urban water security under a changing climate: Is Nepal's water policy on the right track?
Authors: Ojha Hemant Raj , Devkota Kamal , Pandey Chandra , Shrestha Krishna K. , Khatri Dil , Neupane Kaustuv Raj , Bhattarai Basundhara , Zwi Anthony B.
Published: November 2021

Nepal's urban regions are facing increasing levels of water insecurity under a changing climate. The country has a long history of water policy development while climate‐related policies are also emerging at different levels of the new federal republic. It is unclear whether public policy is on the right track to ensure urban water security in the face of growing demand and increasingly variable supply. In this paper, we assess how Nepal's water policy is shaping urban adaptation. We focus on how policies have defined institutional arrangements for water supply and management, allocation of water rights, and the conservation of water source catchments. Policy attention to these issues is crucial for the adaptation of water systems to climate change. Drawing on the review of policy texts and the status of policy implementation in two towns (Dharan and Dhulikhel), we conclude that current policy frameworks and strategies neglect opportunities to facilitate urban water adaptation to climate change. The neglect is seen in escalating conflicts among institutions, an unclear framework for water rights, and inadequate incentives for catchment conservation. We highlight the need for a more coherent and risk sensitive approach to water policy, underpinned by deliberative, research‐informed, and learning‐based strategies.
Housing Policies for Rural Migrant Workers in China
Authors: Wang Yeqiang , Dong Xin
Published: November 2021

Lack of housing security is a major problem for rural migrant workers in China. This chapter explores the range and depth of housing problems facing rural migrants. These challenges include issues of affordability and poor housing quality and administrative barriers that inhibit access to commercial housing and housing welfare programmes. There is a big difference between the housing consumption pattern of migrant workers in the city and that in the countryside. This is due to large discrepancies in levels of access to good quality accommodation between migrants from rural areas and the established urban population. These inequalities are exacerbated by inherited forms of residential registration that adversely affect rural migrants settling in towns and cities. The situation is further exacerbated by land use regulations that restrict the construction of collective dormitories for rural migrant workers. The key is to promote the system reform of rural land and speed up the establishment of a free market homestead and rural housing. Policy responses over the past twenty years are evaluated, and recommendations for future policy development are proposed to improve housing conditions, including reform of land use regulations and improved property rights for migrants.
Research on Residential Segregation in Chinese Cities
Authors: Chen Yu , Chen Jie
Published: November 2021

This chapter provides an overview of research on the evolution of residential segregation in Chinese cities since the establishment of the People’s Republic of China. There were almost no discernible patterns of segregation during the central planning period, largely due to the socialist work-unit systems and the de-commodification of land and housing. Since the initiation of economic reforms in 1978, Chinese cities have witnessed significant spatial divisions across socioeconomic groups, driven by forces such as rapid economic and spatial restructuring, market-oriented housing and land reforms, and massive rural-to-urban migration. Residents of similar socio-economic status tend to cluster in the same neighbourhoods, with the elite moving to expensive gated communities and the urban poor to dilapidated residential areas. The impacts of segregation on residents’ social contactsand labour market outcomes are profound and long-lasting. While social segregation is regarded as a widespread urban phenomenon worldwide, the causes and consequences of segregation in Chinese cities should be interpreted within the country’s specific historical, social, cultural and institutional contexts.
Urbanisation, Migration and the Anti-Poverty Programme in China
Authors: Wei Houkai , Su Hongjian
Published: November 2021

From 1979 to 2018, Chinaunderwentrapid urbanisation and large-scale population migration. As a result, the permanent urban population increased by about 659 million, and the numbers of rural poor decreased by 754 million. However, as migration from rural to urban areas has increased, rural poverty has reduced while urban poverty is gradually increasing. The co-existence of both rural and urban poverty poses new challenges to development. In this chapter, we analyse the characteristics of China’sinternal migrationand urbanisation process. We draw on relevant data to describe in detail the changes that have occurred since China’s Reform and Opening-up, as well as China’s programme in reducing rural poverty and current trends in urban poverty. As the rate of urbanisation in China enters a new phase, there is a growing imperative to improve and promote an integrated approach to both urban and rural development. We also discuss the new raft of anti-poverty and poverty-management measures.
Towards Resilient Organisations and Societies? Reflections on the Multifaceted Nature of Resilience
Authors: Young Mitchell , Frigotto Maria Laura , Pinheiro Rómulo
Published: November 2021

As the chapters in this volume have shown, resilience is a multifaceted and malleable concept that can be fruitfully applied to a wide range of phenomena at all levels of society. At the same time, there is a distinct danger of concept stretching. In this concluding chapter, we look at both the extensiveness of the concept, reviewing the range of complementary concepts that have been engaged by the authors, and how it can be delimited to maintain conceptual distinctiveness and explanatory value. What is more, we provide some recommendations on how scholars working across disciplinary boundaries may go about unpacking resilience in and for organizations and societies.
Growing and Adapting During Continuous Change: Building Employee Resilience in the Public Sector
Authors: Franken Esme , Plimmer Geoff , Malinen Sanna , Bryson Jane
Published: November 2021

This chapter focuses on employee resilience in the public sector, and how managers can develop it. We adopt a contemporary view of employee resilience as a set of employee behaviours that can be developed, particularly through effective leadership. Employee resilience is an individual-level behavioural capacity, centred on using networks successfully, learning from experiences and adapting to change; behaviours that are essential for navigating the complex public management environment. We build on the view that resilience enables individuals to engage in exploration, learn from mistakes and grow from challenges. It can be fostered daily, enabling individuals to build capacity to handle challenges and crises before they emerge, and responding effectively when they do occur. This chapter discusses why and how resilient behaviours matter in public contexts, particularly in highly ambiguous knowledge intensive organizations (KIOs). It also discusses the crucial role that managers play in enabling resilience in employees, and focuses on the characteristics of resilience-enabling leadership. These characteristics include leadership behaviours such as viewing resilience as developable, supporting employees’ personal goals, providing challenging tasks and opportunities for safe failures and managing the whole team. In short, our contribution extends empirical understandings of resilience in public sector workplaces, with specific regard to employee resilience, its nature and development and its outcomes.
Resilience and Change in Opera Theatres: Travelling the Edge of Tradition and Contemporaneity
Authors: Frigotto Maria Laura , Frigotto Francesca
Published: November 2021

Over the last century, the opera has changed dramatically and on several levels. This chapter maps out the major changes of the opera since its origin in its country of birth, Italy, discussing whether this evolution displays a form of transformative resilience. As a theoretical contribution, this case allows to challenge the resilience framework presented in Chapter 1, by raising several prominent questions for the conceptual advancement and empirical grounding of resilience. We ask: To what extent can an entity change in order to be considered a persisting entity and not a different entity? Or in other words: How much continuity is necessary to recognize resilience in the same entity? We add: How are different levels of resilience (institutional, organizational and individual) nested one into another, and therefore, how is the ‘agency of resilience’ played out? As an empirical contribution, this chapter sketches an empirical reconstruction of the history of the opera in a holistic longitudinal perspective.
Related Works and Basic Considerations
Authors: Taudt Christopher
Published: November 2021

The characterization and measurement of surface profiles is one of the most basic metrology tasks in industrial manufacturing. What started with mechanical stylus profilometers has developed with ultrasonic transducers towards optical instruments. These are capable of appropriate resolutions to enable nanometrology, [14].
Conclusion
Authors: Taudt Christopher
Published: November 2021

The characterization of features such as geometrical dimensions or functional parameters like roughness or degree of cross-linking plays an important role during production in industries such as semiconductors, organic-electronics and the photovoltaics industry. The ability to gather measurements in a process-integrated fashion is of high interest.
Time-reversal asymmetries and angular distributions in Λb → ΛV
Authors: Geng Chao-Qiang , Liu Chia-Wei
Published: November 2021

Abstract

We study the spin correlations to probe time-reversal (T) asymmetries in the decays of Λb→ ΛV (V = ϕ, ρ0, ω, K∗0). The eigenstates of the T-odd operators are obtained along with definite angular momenta. We obtain the T-odd spin correlations from the complex phases among the helicity amplitudes. We give the angular distributions of Λb→ Λ(→ pπ−)V (→ PP′) and show the corresponding spin correlations, where P(′) are the pseudoscalar mesons. Due to the helicity conservation of the s quark in Λ, we deduce that the polarization asymmetries of Λ are close to −1. Since the decay of Λb→ Λϕ in the standard model (SM) is dictated by the single weak phase from the product of CKM elements, $$ {V}_{tb}{V}_{ts}^{\ast } $$

V
tb

V
ts
∗

, the true T and CP asymmetries are suppressed, providing a clean background to test the SM and search for new physics. In the factorization approach, as the helicity amplitudes in the SM share the same complex phase, T-violating effects are absent. Nonetheless, the experimental branching ratio of Br(Λb→ Λϕ) = (5.18 ± 1.29) × 10−6 suggests that the nonfactorizable effects or some new physics play an important role. By parametrizing the nonfactorizable contributions with the effective color number, we calculate the branching ratios and direct CP asymmetries. We also explore the possible T-violating effects from new physics.
Predicting Fracture Network Development in Crystalline Rocks
Authors: McBeck Jessica , Aiken J. M. , Cordonnier B. , Ben-Zion Y. , Renard F.
Published: November 2021

The geometric properties of fractures influence whether they propagate, arrest, or coalesce with other fractures. Thus, quantifying the relationship between fracture network characteristics may help predict fracture network development, and perhaps precursors to catastrophic failure. To constrain the relationship and predictability of fracture characteristics, we deform eight one centimeter tall rock cores under triaxial compression while acquiring in situ X-ray tomograms. The tomograms reveal precise measurements of the fracture network characteristics above the spatial resolution of 6.5 µm. We develop machine learning models to predict the value of each characteristic using the other characteristics, and excluding the macroscopic stress or strain imposed on the rock. The models predict fracture development more accurately in the experiments performed on granite and monzonite, than the experiments on marble. Fracture network development may be more predictable in these igneous rocks because their microstructure is more mechanically homogeneous than the marble, producing more systematic fracture development that is not strongly impeded by grain contacts and cleavage planes. The varying performance of the models suggest that fracture volume, length, and aperture are the most predictable of the characteristics, while fracture orientation is the least predictable. Orientation does not correlate with length, as suggested by the idea that the orientation evolves with increasing differential stress and thus fracture length. This difference between the observed and expected relationship between orientation and length highlights the influence of mechanical heterogeneities and local stress perturbations on fracture growth as fractures propagate, link, and coalesce.
Upstream process optimization and micro- and macrocarrier screening for large-scale production of the oncolytic H-1 protoparvovirus
Authors: Wohlfarth Daniel , Frehtman Veronika , Müller Marcus , Vogel Martin , Phan Linh Minh Phuc , Brunecker Adrian , Leuchs Barbara
Published: November 2021

The oncolytic virus H-1PV is a promising candidate for various cancer treatments. Therefore, production process needs to be optimized and scaled up for future market release. Currently, the virus is produced with minimum essential medium in 10-layer CellSTACK® chambers with limited scalability, requiring a minimum seeding density of 7.9E3 cells/cm2. Production also requires a 5% fetal bovine serum (FBS) supplementation and has a virus yield up to 3.1E7 plaque-forming units (PFU)/cm2. Using the animal-free cell culture medium VP-SFM™ and a new feeding strategy, we demonstrate a yield boost by a mean of 0.3 log while reducing seeding density to 5.0E3 cells/cm2 and cutting FBS supplementation by up to 40% during the production process. Additionally, FBS is completely removed at the time of harvest. Eleven commercial micro- and macrocarriers were screened regarding cell growth, bead-to-bead transfer capability, and virus yield. We present a proof-of-concept study for producing H-1PV on a large scale with the microcarrier Cytodex® 1 in suspension and a macrocarrier for a fixed-bed iCELLis® bioreactor. A carrier-based H-1PV production process combined with an optimized cell culture medium and feeding strategy can facilitate future upscaling to industrial-scale production.

Key points

• Virus yield increase and FBS-free harvest after switching to cell culture medium VP-SFM™.

• We screened carriers for cell growth, bead-to-bead transfer capability, and H-1PV yield.

• High virus yield is achieved with Cytodex® 1 and macrocarrier for iCellis® in Erlenmeyer flasks.
Clinical outcome of out-of-hospital vs. in-hospital cardiac arrest survivors presenting with ventricular tachyarrhythmias
Authors: Müller Julian , Behnes Michael , Schupp Tobias , Reiser Linda , Taton Gabriel , Reichelt Thomas , Ellguth Dominik , Borggrefe Martin , Engelke Niko , Bollow Armin , Kim Seung-Hyun , Weidner Kathrin , Ansari Uzair , Mashayekhi Kambis , Akin Muharrem , Halbfass Philipp , Meininghaus Dirk Große , Akin Ibrahim , Rusnak Jonas
Published: November 2021

Limited data regarding the prognostic impact of ventricular tachyarrhythmias related to out-of-hospital (OHCA) compared to in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) is available. A large retrospective single-center observational registry with all patients admitted due to ventricular tachyarrhythmias was used including all consecutive patients with ventricular tachycardia (VT) and fibrillation (VF) on admission from 2002 to 2016. Survivors discharged after OHCA were compared to those after IHCA using multivariable Cox regression models and propensity-score matching for evaluation of the primary endpoint of long-term all-cause mortality at 2.5 years. Secondary endpoints were all-cause mortality at 6 months and cardiac rehospitalization at 2.5 years. From 2.422 consecutive patients with ventricular tachyarrhythmias, a total of 524 patients survived cardiac arrest and were discharged from hospital (OHCA 62%; IHCA 38%). In about 50% of all cases, acute myocardial infarction was the underlying disease leading to ventricular tachyarrhythmias with consecutive aborted cardiac arrest. Survivors of IHCA were associated with increased long-term all-cause mortality compared to OHCA even after multivariable adjustment (28% vs. 16%; log rank p = 0.001; HR 1.623; 95% CI 1.002–2.629; p = 0.049) and after propensity-score matching (28% vs. 19%; log rank p = 0.045). Rates of cardiac rehospitalization rates at 2.5 years were equally distributed between OHCA and IHCA survivors. In patients presenting with ventricular tachyarrhythmias, survivors of IHCA were associated with increased risk for all-cause mortality at 2.5 years compared to OHCA survivors.
Testimoniale Ungerechtigkeit gegenüber Menschen mit psychischer Erkrankung in der Gesundheitsversorgung. Eine konzeptionelle und ethische Analyse
Authors: Faissner Mirjam , Juckel Georg , Gather Jakov
Published: November 2021

Menschen mit psychischer Erkrankung sterben statistisch gesehen früher als die Allgemeinbevölkerung. Ein Grund hierfür ist, dass sie eine schlechtere somatische Gesundheitsversorgung erhalten. Wir argumentieren, dass ableistische Netzwerke sozialer Bedeutung zu einer Abwertung der epistemischen Kompetenz von Menschen mit psychischer Erkrankung führen. Diese Abwertung kann mit dem Konzept der testimonialen Ungerechtigkeit erfasst werden. Testimoniale Ungerechtigkeit bezeichnet das ungerechtfertigte Herabstufen der Glaubwürdigkeit einer*s Sprecher*in aufgrund eines Vorurteils gegen ihre*seine soziale Identität. Wir analysieren ethische und epistemische Folgen testimonialer Ungerechtigkeit als wichtige Ursachen der schlechteren Gesundheitsversorgung von Menschen mit psychischer Erkrankung. Testimoniale Ungerechtigkeit kann zu medizinischen Behandlungsfehlern führen und für Betroffene schwerwiegende gesundheitliche Folgen nach sich ziehen. Zudem kann sie zu einem Vertrauensverlust von Menschen mit psychischer Erkrankung in das Gesundheitssystem führen. Daher trägt testimoniale Ungerechtigkeit zur strukturellen Diskriminierung von Menschen mit psychischer Erkrankung bei. Vor diesem Hintergrund diskutieren wir, wie die somatische Gesundheitsversorgung unter ethischen Gesichtspunkten verbessert werden kann.
An early intervention for adolescent depression targeting emotional mental images and memory specificity: a process evaluation
Authors: Pile Victoria , Schlepper Laura K. , Lau Jennifer Y. F. , Leamy Mary
Published: November 2021

We have evaluated a novel early intervention for adolescent depression (age 16–18) in a feasibility randomised controlled trial. This nested process evaluation aimed to understand how this complex intervention worked. We sought to understand participants’ views and experiences of receiving and interacting with the intervention to evaluate whether the underpinning theoretical basis of the intervention is justified and whether it contributes to valued outcomes for participants. Twelve participants were invited to take part in semi-structured interviews. Framework analysis was employed to identify important aspects of adolescents’ experiences. The active ingredients identified by participants were consistent with and extended our understanding of the theoretical basis of the intervention. Four principle themes were identified: understanding how memory works and being able to remember memories in more detail; processing negative experiences and letting go; imagining positive future events; and understanding and being kinder to myself. The outcomes of the intervention were valued by participants. Six principle themes were identified: improving mood and well-being; reducing impact of negative memories; motivation and goal-directed behaviour; overcoming avoidance and rumination; relationships, communication and being open; and self-understanding and acceptance. A simplified logic model is also proposed to connect the intervention components, active ingredients, and valued outcomes. The findings provide an in-depth understanding of how participants interacted with the intervention and what they derived from it. For example, the findings establish processing negative experiences as a core intervention component, extend it to include letting go of these memories, and highlight that reducing the impact of negative memories is valued by participants. This richer understanding guides further intervention development and future implementation.
Effects of B-azolemiteacrylic on life-history traits and demographic parameters of two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae)
Authors: Shang Suqin , Chang Yun , Li Wei-Zhen , Chang-Qing Wang , Peng-Cheng Nie
Published: November 2021

The present study was conducted to evaluate sublethal effects of B-azolemiteacrylic on the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae). Female adults of T. urticae were exposed to LC10 and LC30 of the acaricide, and the effects on treated females and their offspring were evaluated. The results showed that the fecundity of F0 female adults treated with LC10 and LC30 of B-azolemiteacrylic was reduced by 30.9 and 39.2%, respectively. Longevity and oviposition period of the females were significantly reduced as well. The developmental duration of egg and deutonymph stage of the F1 generation were not significantly different from that of the control. The protonymph stage after LC30 treatment lasted significantly longer, whereas the larva, deutonymph and female stage were significantly shorter than the control. The oviposition period of the F1 generation was significantly shortened, the fecundity of each female decreased significantly, and the ratio of female-to-male was reduced too. Moreover, the average generation period of T. urticae after LC10 and LC30 treatments was shorter than that of the control, and the net production rate (R0), intrinsic rate of increase (rm) and finite rate of increase (λ) were all reduced by 33.3, 7.5 and 1.9% (LC10 treatment) and by 51.3, 14.8 and 3.6% (LC30 treatment), respectively. The population doubling time was prolonged by 7.5 and 14.8% after LC10 and LC30 treatments, respectively, compared with the control. These results indicate that B-azolemiteacrylic may effectively inhibit the development rate of the F0 and F1 populations of T. urticae, which will help design integrated strategies for the comprehensive control of T. urticae and rational use of pesticides in the field.
Sexualized Drug Use Among Female Sex Workers from Eight Cities in China: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Ong Jason J. , Xiong Mingzhou , Tucker Joseph D. , Wang Yajie , Smith M. Kumi , Tang Weiming , Fu Hongyun , Zheng Heping , Yang Bin , Wang Cheng
Published: November 2021

There is a rich literature on sexualized drug use (i.e., drug use before or during sex) for men who have sex with men but less data from female sex workers (FSW), particularly from low- and middle-income countries. We describe the sexual and reproductive health outcomes in FSW reporting sexualized drug use. In 2019, we conducted a cross-sectional study in eight cities from seven provinces in China. We recruited FSW through community organizations working with sex workers and included those aged 18 years or above, exchanged sex at least once for money or goods in the past three months, and had traded sex for longer than a year. Multivariable logistic regression models were used. In total, 650 women participated: average age was 38.8 years (SD 10.2), 57.1% reported a monthly income over 5000 RMB ($USD 707), and 12.8% completed high school or above. Among participants, 65 (10.0%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 7.8–12.6) reported a history of sexualized drug use. Compared to FSW who never reported a history of sexualized drug use, FSW who reported a history of sexualized drug use had greater odds of working for a manager compared to being self-employed (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 4.04, 95% CI 2.12–7.69), work in a sauna (AOR 2.43, 95% CI 1.09–5.41), charging a higher price for vaginal sex (AOR 2.15, 95% CI 1.14–4.06), and ever diagnosed with STIs (AOR 4.51, 95% CI 2.61–7.80). One in ten FSW reported sexualized drug use. Although they had similar risk profiles in terms of consistency of condom use and reproductive health outcomes, these women were more likely to report past STIs than those who reported no sexualized drug use. Health workers who work with substance users should devote attention to the sexual practices of their clients to make sure that they have safer sex.
Climate Action for (My) Children
Authors: Fornwagner Helena , Hauser Oliver P.
Published: November 2021

How do we motivate cooperation across the generations—between parents and children? Here we study voluntary climate action (VCA), which is costly to today’s decision-makers but essential to enable sustainable living for future generations. We predict that “offspring observability” is critical: parents will be more likely to invest in VCA when their own offspring observes their action, whereas when adults or genetically unrelated children observe them, the effect will be smaller. In a large-scale lab-in-the-field experiment, we observe a remarkable magnitude of VCA: parents invest 82% of their 69€ endowment into VCA, resulting in almost 14,000 real trees being planted. Parents’ VCA varies across conditions, with the largest treatment effect occurring when a parent’s own child is the observer. In subgroup analyses, we find that larger treatment effects occur among parents with a high school diploma. Moreover, VCA for parents who believe in climate change is most affected by the presence of their own child. In contrast, VCA of climate change skeptical parents is most influenced by the presence of children to whom they are not related. Our findings have implications for policy-makers interested in designing programs to encourage voluntary climate action and sustaining intergenerational public goods.