bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE IMPACT OF TUNNEL LINING ON THE REACTION OF THE GROUND SURFACE UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF TRANSPORT LOADS
Authors:   Toraighyrov University, Girnis S.R. , Ukrainets V.N. ,   Toraighyrov University, Otarbaev Zh.O. ,   National Engineering Academy of Kazakhstan, Gorshkova L.V. ,   Toraighyrov University
Published: October 2024

When a tunnel is subjected to transport loads (loads from the moving transportation within it), vibrations occur in the tunnel lining and the surrounding massif. Traditional quasi-static methods do not account for the dynamic behavior of tunnel structures. Therefore, this paper aims to develop a dynamic calculation method using modern mechanics. The purpose of this paper is to develop such a method. The relevance of the research in this article is due to the trend of increasing the speed of vehicles in recent years. This paper considers an unsupported and lined circular cylindrical shallow tunnel. The tunnel is modeled as an extended circular cylindrical cavity or reinforcing shell located in an elastic half-space. The surface of the cavity or the inner surface of the shell is subjected to a normal load (the effect of the pressure of a moving object on the tunnel) and a tangential load parallel to this axis (the effect of the friction forces of a moving object on the tunnel) moving uniformly along its axis. The motion of the half-space and the shell are described by the dynamic equations of elasticity theory and the equations of classical shell theory, respectively, in moving coordinate systems. The integral Fourier transform method is used to solve the problem. In the case of moving axisymmetric normal and axial tangential loads acting on the tunnel, a numerical study of the influence of the tunnel lining on the stress-strain state of the ground surface is carried out.
CALCULATION OF FLAT SHELLS BY THE BOUNDARY ELEMENT METHOD
Authors:   M. Auezov South Kazakhstan University, B.K. Duissenbekov  , B.T. Erimbetov  ,   M. Auezov South Kazakhstan University, B.M. Chalabaev  ,   M. Auezov South Kazakhstan University, Ya.B. Kunanbayeva  ,   M. Auezov South Kazakhstan University, F.Kh. Aubakirova  ,   M. Auezov South Kazakhstan University
Published: October 2024

This article describes the iterative process of solving the problem of the stress-strain state of a long flexible cylindrical panel. Stress-strain state and the study of the stability of flat shells taking into account the physical, mechanical properties of the material, the process of deformation change. It is based on sequential approximation methods and the boundary element method (MGE). The results of algorithmic weighting are presented in the form of a table showing what value each band represents. The equations are determined by solving twelve unknown values of functions at the ends of the segment. Linear problems of elasticity theory and plate theory fundamental solutions have a simple form, so the method is widely used here. For flat shells, the matrix of fundamental solutions is determined by complex volumetric expressions, and for flat shells - by special functions. Therefore, there is little research on solving problems in the theory of flat shells by the boundary element method. In this regard, an urgent topic of research is the development of methods of boundary integral equations for solving linear and nonlinear problems in the theory of flat shells based on the application of fundamental solutions defined by simple analytical expressions. The scientific novelty of the work consists in the development of a methodology for assessing the reliability of thin-walled spatial structures using the boundary element method.
RESEARCH OF THE POSSIBILITY OF USING CHP ASH IN THE PRODUCTION OF FIRED ASH GRAVEL
Authors:   Korkyt Ata Kyzylorda University, Khamit А. , Uderbaev S. ,   Korkyt Ata Kyzylorda University, Baitassov K. ,   Kyzylorda «Bolashak» University, Ibraimbaeva G. ,   International Educational Corporation, Kultayeva S. ,   International Educational Corporation
Published: October 2024

The article presents a comparative analysis of the characteristics of the dump ash of the Kyzylorda CHP hydraulic removal. A huge amount of ash, slag waste is collected in the dumps of the CHP, their accumulation in the dumps leads to a violation of the ecology of the environment. The issue of ash, slag waste disposal is an urgent problem. The use of ash and slag not only solves the issue of availability of raw materials, but also allows to improve the quality of products while reducing their cost. One of the valuable components of ash and slag waste is hydraulic removal ash. Hydraulic removal ash as a raw material can be used for the manufacture of artificial concrete aggregates (ash, agglomerate gravel, etc.). Studies were conducted to study the physico-chemical composition, determine the specific effective activity of natural radionuclides, loss during calcination of two types of hydraulic removal ash samples from Kyzylorda CHP (black and gray), which differ in sampling sites from ash dump. When studying the properties of the ash, X-Ray phase analysis was carried out, with the help of which the phase composition of the ash was determined. Work was carried out on the X-Ray phase analysis of ash, determination of the specific effective activity of natural radionuclides, calcination losses, which showed the possibility of using ash for the production of building materials. The conducted studies have confirmed the expediency of using the ash of the Kyzylorda thermal power plant in the production of fired ash gravel.
An integrated analysis of key financial metrics driving commercial bank performance in Cambodia
Authors: Kong Chantha  , Sem Seng  , Phon Ratha  , Kol Sovanvatthana
Published: October 2024

This study aims to systematically identify and analyze key financial metrics that influence the performance of commercial banks in Cambodia. Utilizing 2023 data from the National Bank of Cambodia across 59 banks, the research adopts an explanatory framework based on cross-sectional data analysis. Findings reveal a statistically significant positive correlation between Non-Performing Loans (NPLs) and Return on Assets (ROA), suggesting effective NPL risk management by Cambodian banks, contrary to traditional financial theory. Loan Growth (LG) does not significantly impact ROA, indicating that external factors like market conditions and loan quality are more critical. Furthermore, Market Share (MS) has no significant impact on ROA, suggesting that market share may not be a critical determinant of bank performance in Cambodia. A significant negative relationship is observed between the Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR) and ROA, suggesting that higher LDRs expose banks to liquidity risks and reduced profitability. Both Loan Loss Provision (LLP) and Cost to Income Ratio (CIR) negatively affect ROA, while the Effective Tax Rate (ETR) shows a marginally positive relationship. The Net Interest Margin (NIM) significantly impacts ROA, underscoring the importance of managing interest-earning assets and liabilities. Recommendations include investing in advanced risk management frameworks, enhancing loan quality, maintaining a balanced LDR, utilizing technology for cost efficiency, focusing on effective tax planning, and optimizing NIM through competitive pricing. Future research should explore additional contextual factors that affect profitability dynamics in the Cambodian banking sector..
Keywords: Commercial Banks, Financial Metrics, Return on Assets (ROA), Non-Performing Loans (NPLs), Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR), Cost to Income Ratio (CIR), Effective Tax Rate (ETR), Net Interest Margin (NIM), Loan Growth (LG), Market Share (MS).
Study of Aluminium, Gallium and Gallium Boron as P-Type Dopants for New-Generation n+np+ Solar Cells
Authors: Hakim Korichi , Boucheham Abdelghani , M. Kezrane Mohamed
Published: October 2024

Silicon n-type n+np+ solar cells offer many advantages over conventional n+pp+ cells, including better resistance to light-induced degradation and higher conversion efficiency potential. However, the formation of the p+ emitter in n+np+ cells requires high diffusion temperatures and the use of alternative boron dopants is necessary to overcome the limitations of conventional processes. This study explored aluminium, gallium and gallium/boron co-doping as p-type dopants for the fabrication of thin (140 µm) n+np+ solar cells. The results showed that aluminium is not suitable for the formation of the p+ emitter due to its low solid solubility in silicon and its high segregation towards silicon oxide. Gallium required high diffusion temperatures and suffered from a degradation of the concentration profile in later stages of the manufacturing process, leading to poor performing solar cells. Gallium/boron co-doping has proved to be a promising alternative to boron. Thin n+np+ solar cells doped with GaB achieved a maximum conversion efficiency of 13.7%, slightly lower than that of boron-doped cells (14.9%). Optimisation of the GaB diffusion process and surface passivation could further improve the performance of these cells. This study demonstrates the potential of gallium/boron co-doping for the manufacture of new-generation thin n+np+ solar cells. Further research is needed to fully exploit the advantages of this technology and contribute to improving the efficiency and cost of silicon solar cells.
Silent Witnesses - Micro-Historical Perspectives on Suicide in the Court Records of the First Half of the 20th Century
Authors: Remec Meta
Published: October 2024

Based on the archival materials from the Celje and Maribor District Courts (Kreisgerichte) and the specific cases from the Trbovlje County Court (Bezirksgericht), referring to the areas with the highest suicide rates in the Drava Banate, this article examines suicide in the first half of the 20th century. Based on individual cases from judicial practice, as well as newspaper reports, the article sheds light on the social, economic and regional conditions in the considered areas in the first half of the 20th century, as well as the position of women in society and the prevalence of family and sexual violence. At the time when the increasing suicide rates were attributed to the aftermath of World War I, the effects of the economic crisis, and alcoholism, the article analyses the presence and gradual dominance of psychological and psychiatric discourse in determining the causes of individual suicides. By analysing the individual cases, the author presents the attitude towards suicide in rural areas – the shame and stigma still felt by the family members when a relative of theirs commits suicide. The author analyses cases where either the suicide could not be identified or when the corps of the deceased was not found, as well as cases of suicide due to fear and/or shame due to crimes committed. Furthermore, the article focuses on the phenomenon of female suicide and, in this context, on the examples of murder-suicide and the role of women in them, analyses the contemporaneous media discourse, and describes the course of the investigations in the cases where it was not clear whether the death had resulted from suicide or murder.
Prevalence of Hyperparathyroidism among Dialysis Patients in Baghdad Teaching Hospital
Authors: Hussein Amer Jihad , Rasheed Jawad Ibrahim , Noaman Ban Mezher
Published: October 2024

Chronic kidney disease is common due to the high prevalence of its main causes. Many pathological changes occur in these patients. Hyperparathyroidism is one of the most common pathologies reported in chronic kidney disease patients. High prevalence rates have been reported worldwide in previous studies, and different factors have been implicated to be associated with Hyperparathyroidism. The aim of this study is to assess the prevalence of hyperparathyroidism among Iraqi patients with chronic kidney disease on hemodialysis therapy and to identify the factors associated with hyperparathyroidism. This was a cross-sectional study with analytic utility performed in in Baghdad Teaching Hospital, Dialysis Center during the period from June 2020 to March 2021. The study included 100 patients (60 males and 40 females). Patients with one or more of the following were excluded: primary hyperparathyroidism. Known parathyroid gland disease, malignancy, bone diseases, Kidney transplantation, or history of parathyroid surgery. Data was collected using a data collection form, and analysis was performed using the statistical package for Social Sciences version 26 (SPSS 26). Appropriate statistical tests were applied accordingly at a level of significance of 0.05. The mean age of the patients was 53.1 ± 14.2 (range: 18 – 80) years, male to female ratio was 1.5 to one. Prevalence of hyperparathyroidism was 33%. No significant association between hyperparathyroidism and each of age, the cause of CKD, or comorbidities. Hyperparathyroidism was more frequent in females (P<0.05). Higher prevalence of Hyperparathyroidism was reported among users of calcium tab supplementation\chelating, vitamin D, and Cinacalcit (P<0.05). Hyperparathyroidism was frequent among Iraqi CKD patients treated by hemodialysis in a rate of 33%. Higher prevalence of Hyperparathyroidism appeared to be associated with female gender, longer duration on hemodialysis, using calcium supplementation/chelating, vitamin D, and Cinacalcit.
EDUCAÇÃO ESPECIAL NA PERSPECTIVA INCLUSIVA: UMA REFLEXÃO SOBRE O ENSINO ÀS PESSOAS COM TRANSTORNO DO ESPECTRO AUTISTA (TEA)
Authors: Pereira Sandra , Silva Elias Alves da
Published: October 2024

Esta tessitura objetiva realizar uma reflexão crítica sobre a educação na perspectiva inclusiva, considerando, especialmente, as pessoas com Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA). Enfatiza-se a importância de uma educação democrática, pautada na valorização das diferenças, na observação das particularidades do indivíduo, na leitura das distintas identidades e no respeito dos percalços a serem superados pelos discentes. Com isso, busca-se compreender como o conservadorismo educativo, como a escassa preparação dos professores e como a falta de apoio efetivo do Estado, cada vez mais, tornam-se uma barreira à construção intelectual de crianças, de adolescentes e até mesmo de idosos, diagnosticados com TEA. Por isso, cotejou-se um estudo metodológico-qualitativo, exploratório, partindo-se de uma análise bibliográfica, para, assim, compreender que a inclusão, somada à educação especial, tem o condão de desconstruir paradigmas discriminatórios e alçar o aprendiz a ser sujeito do próprio saber.
TRANSTORNO DE CONDUTA E TRANSTORNO OPOSITOR DESAFIADOR: ABORDAGENS PSICOSSOCIAIS E FARMACOLÓGICAS NA INTERVENÇÃO E TRATAMENTO DE COMPORTAMENTOS DESAFIADORES
Authors: Arantes Pedro Tiago de Araújo , Mosquetta Danielle Blasczak , Prearo Ester Veronesi , Lauriano José Eduardo de Godoy , Sabbadini Breno Frota
Published: October 2024

Introdução: A infância e adolescência são períodos de intensas mudanças, tornando os jovens vulneráveis a fatores prejudiciais, como problemas familiares e violência. O TOD, caracterizado por desobediência e hostilidade contra figuras de autoridade, é uma das principais causas de procura por atendimento em saúde mental e pode resultar em graves problemas se não for tratado adequadamente. Os objetivos do estudo incluem analisar as características dos transtornos, seus impactos e as intervenções psicossociais e farmacológicas utilizadas, além de avaliar a eficácia das estratégias de tratamento na promoção de um desenvolvimento saudável. Metodologia: revisão narrativa de artigos científicos publicados nos últimos dez anos sobre TOD e transtorno de conduta, buscando intervenções psicossociais e farmacológicas nas bases SciELO e PubMed. Resultados: Os resultados indicam que o TOD afeta de 2% a 16% das crianças, sendo uma condição que exige intervenções para evitar sua evolução para transtornos mais graves. Estudos revisados mostraram a importância dos elementos familiares na manifestação dos sintomas do TOD, destacando a coesão e adaptabilidade familiar, bem como a relação pai-filho como mediadores desses sintomas. Além disso, o impacto da saúde emocional dos pais e a disciplina física foram associados ao aumento dos sintomas de TOD. As intervenções sugeridas envolvem abordagens terapêuticas como a terapia cognitivo-comportamental (TCC), treinamento parental e, em alguns casos, uso de medicamentos para controlar sintomas específicos. Conclusão: Reforça-se que a intervenção precoce, envolvendo tanto a família quanto os profissionais de saúde, é fundamental para minimizar os efeitos negativos do TOD e do transtorno de conduta, promovendo um desenvolvimento mais resiliente. Intervenções baseadas em evidências, aliadas ao fortalecimento dos vínculos familiares e ao apoio psicossocial, são essenciais para garantir um impacto positivo na vida dos jovens e prevenir a evolução desses transtornos para condições mais graves.
SEPSE NEONATAL: ABORDAGENS DIAGNÓSTICAS E ESTRATÉGIAS DE TRATAMENTO
Authors: Fontes Natan Oliveira , Fonseca Bárbara Souza , Rennó Gisele Aparecida da Silva , Marques Maria Vitoria Pinho , Rocha Luis Felipe
Published: October 2024

Introdução: A sepse neonatal é uma das principais causas de morbidade e mortalidade em recém-nascidos, principalmente em prematuros. A detecção precoce e o manejo adequado são cruciais para melhorar os desfechos clínicos. A resistência antimicrobiana e a implementação de métodos diagnósticos avançados são desafios atuais no tratamento. Objetivo: O objetivo desta revisão bibliográfica é analisar as abordagens diagnósticas e as estratégias de tratamento da sepse neonatal. Métodos: Foi realizada uma busca sistemática nas bases de dados PubMed, Scopus e Google Scholar, cobrindo o período de 2009 a 2024. Os critérios de inclusão foram estudos originais e revisões focadas em diagnóstico, tratamento e prevenção da sepse neonatal, publicados em inglês, português ou espanhol. Inicialmente, 1.500 artigos foram identificados, resultando em 25 estudos incluídos na revisão após triagem e análise completa. Resultados e Discussão: O diagnóstico precoce com biomarcadores como PCR e procalcitonina, além de métodos moleculares como PCR, são promissores para melhorar a detecção da sepse neonatal. No entanto, a resistência antimicrobiana está aumentando, exigindo novas terapias e o uso racional de antibióticos. As práticas preventivas, como a profilaxia antibiótica intraparto, higiene das mãos, aleitamento materno e cuidado canguru, são eficazes para reduzir a incidência de sepse. Conclusão: O diagnóstico precoce, o manejo antimicrobiano direcionado e as práticas preventivas são essenciais para reduzir a mortalidade neonatal. A pesquisa contínua é fundamental para desenvolver novas estratégias diagnósticas e terapêuticas, especialmente em países com poucos recursos.
DETERMINASI POLITIK DALAM PEMBANGUNAN HUKUM PERBURUHAN INDONESIA
Authors: Agoes Djatmiko
Published: October 2024

Penulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahuifaktor-faktor apakah yang mempengaruhiPolitycal will (kemauan politik) pemerintah dalammerumuskan kebijakan dalam pembangunanhukum perburuhan Indonesia. Denganmendasarkan bahan kepustakaan sebagai bahankajian utama, penulis mencoba menganalisisfenomena empiris dalam pelaksanaan hukumperburuhan Indonesia dengan teori-teori hukumyang dikemukakan oleh beberapa sarjana sebagaipisau analisanya. Dasar pijakan yang digunakanoleh penulis adalah pemikiran bahwa hukummerupakan produk politik, sedangkan politikmerupakan kendaraan kepentingan. Dengandemikian korelasi antara kepentingan dengansebuah produk hukum sangatlah dekat.Pergeseran hukum perburuhan dari privat menjadibersifat publik, menyebabkan materi hukumperburuhan sepenuhnya berada di tanganpemerintah. Sebagai pembentuk hukum, makapemerintah juga sebagai pemegang kekuasaanpolitik dalam bidang hukum, sedangkan dalammerumuskan kebijakan hukum pemerintah akandipengaruhi oleh banyak kepentingan di luarkepentingan hukum. Kepentingan mana yang lebihdominan akan menentukan sifat hukum yangdibuatnya.Kata kunci: Determinasi; Politik; PembangunanHukum dan Perburuhan
EUTHANASIA DALAM PERSPEKTIF AGAMA DAN HUKUM DI INDONESIABing Waluyo
Authors: Bing Waluyo
Published: October 2024

Istilah Euthanasia berasal dari bahasa Yunaniyang terdiri dari dua kata yaitu Eu (baik) danThanatos (kematian). Jadi secara etimologis,euthanasia berarti â€œmati dengan baikâ€ (gooddeath) atau kematian yang lembut.Dalam perspektif agama, semua agama diIndonesia, pada hakikatnya melarang perbuataneuthanasia aktif. Dalam perspektif hukum (hukumpidana) di Indonesia, hanya dikenal satu bentukeuthanasia yaitu voluntary euthanasia /euthanasia aktif yaitu sebagaimana diatur secaraeksplisit dalam Pasal 344 KUHP, tetapi disampingitu ada beberapa pasal yang dapat dikaitkandengan euthanasia yaitu pasal 338, pasal 340,pasal 345 KUHP. Kemudian perlu diperhatikanjuga pasal 304, pasal 305, pasal 306 KUHP.Kata kunci : Euthanasia dalam perspektif agamadan hukum di Indonesia
ANTARA HAK-HAK KONSUMEN DAN MEWASPADAI PRODUK PANGAN IMPOR ILLEGAL
Authors: Wiwin Mochtar Wiyono
Published: October 2024

Pesatnya pertumbuhan industri pada saatini adalah merupakan fenomena baru bagiketerbukaan pasar sebagai akibat dariglobalisasi, sehingga menjadikan persainganantar pengusaha sangat ketat terutama untukmenarik konsumen. Hal ini terlihat dengan jelasbagaimana para pelaku usaha denganagresifitasnya mempromosikan produknyamelalui media massa, baik itu media massacetak, radio maupun televisi.Masalah yang erat kaitannya denganproduksi, distribusi dan konsumsipenyebarluasan informasi mengenai suatuproduk barang maupun jasa disebut denganâ€œinformasi.â€ Informasi barang atau jasa sifatnyamenentukan sekali bagi konsumen dalammenjatuhkan pilihannya atas sesuatu barangatau kebutuhannya. Tetapi informasi yangtersedia lebih banyak merupakan informasiyang mendorongnya untuk membeli danbukannya informasi yang memberikan alasansecara sosial ekonomis mengapa konsumenharus membelinya, bahkan suatu bentukinformasi yang secara yuridis menetapkantentang format dan isinya (label), danmerupakan suatu kewajiban pengusaha untukmematuhinya, masih merupakan bujukan ataudorongan. (AZ. Nasution, 1995 : 29)Informasi tentang sesuatu yang sangatpenting, dalam ilmu ekonomi penyebarluasaninformasi lebih dikenal dengan istilah promosi.Pada umumnya untuk mengenalkan suatuproduk, baik itu berwujud barang atau jasa,digunakan promosi yaitu memberikaninformasi tentang sesuatu produk denganmaksud mengarahkan konsumen untukmembeli produk yang diinformasikan olehprodusen. Masalah yang dihadapi adalahpromosi yang bagaimana yang tepat sasaranuntuk menginformasikan produk yangdihasilkan. Hal ini tergantung dari produktersebut berbentuk barang atau jasa. Setelahdiketahui jenis produknya barulah memilihmacam promosi yang tepat.
PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM TERHADAP TENAGA KERJA WANITA PADA PERUSAHAAN ASING DI KABUPATEN PURBALINGGA
Authors: Wiwin Mochtar Wiyono
Published: October 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahuiperlindungan hukum terhadap tenaga kerja wanitapada perusahaan asing di Kabupaten Purbalingga.Kesimpulan : hasil penelitian ini menunjukkanbahwa mengingat banyak perusahaan yang berdiridi Kabupaten Purbalingga baik PMA, PMDNdan non PMA dan non PMDN, khususnyaperusahaan asing, untuk itu perlindungan hukumterhadap para pekerja/buruh harus diperhatikan,meskipun tidak ada diskriminasi terhadap pekerjalaki-laki dan wanita, akan tetapi ada bentukperlindungan hukum terhadap tenaga kerja wanita,hal ini disebabkan adanya saling membutuhkanantara pihak pengusaha dan tenaga kerjakhususnya tenaga kerja wanita.Keywords: Tenaga kerja wanita, PMA diKabupaten Purbalingga
Present-day methane shortwave absorption mutes surface warming relative to preindustrial conditions
Authors: Allen Robert J. , Zhao Xueying , Randles Cynthia A. , Kramer Ryan J. , Samset Bjørn H. , Smith Christopher J.
Published: October 2024

Abstract. Recent analyses show the importance of methane shortwave absorption, which many climate models lack. In particular, Allen et al. (2023) used idealized climate model simulations to show that methane shortwave absorption mutes up to 30 % of the surface warming and 60 % of the precipitation increase associated with its longwave radiative effects. Here, we explicitly quantify the radiative and climate impacts due to shortwave absorption of the present-day methane perturbation. Our results corroborate the hypothesis that present-day methane shortwave absorption mutes the warming effects of longwave absorption. For example, the global mean cooling in response to the present-day methane shortwave absorption is -0.10±0.07 K, which offsets 28 % (7 %–55 %) of the surface warming associated with present-day methane longwave radiative effects. The precipitation increase associated with the longwave radiative effects of the present-day methane perturbation (0.012±0.006 mm d−1) is also muted by shortwave absorption but not significantly so (-0.008±0.009 mm d−1). The unique responses to methane shortwave absorption are related to its negative top-of-the-atmosphere effective radiative forcing but positive atmospheric heating and in part to methane's distinctive vertical atmospheric solar heating profile. We also find that the present-day methane shortwave radiative effects, relative to its longwave radiative effects, are about 5 times larger than those under idealized carbon dioxide perturbations. Additional analyses show consistent but non-significant differences between the longwave versus shortwave radiative effects for both methane and carbon dioxide, including a stronger (negative) climate feedback when shortwave radiative effects are included (particularly for methane). We conclude by reiterating that methane remains a potent greenhouse gas.
Multi-year gradient measurements of sea spray fluxes over the Baltic Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Markuszewski Piotr , Nilsson E. Douglas , Zinke Julika , Mårtensson E. Monica , Salter Matthew , Makuch Przemysław , Kitowska Małgorzata , Niedźwiecka-Wróbel Iwona , Drozdowska Violetta , Lis Dominik , Petelski Tomasz , Ferrero Luca , Piskozub Jacek
Published: October 2024

Abstract. Ship-based measurements of sea spray aerosol (SSA) gradient fluxes in the size range of 0.5–47 µm in diameter were conducted between 2009–2017 in both the Baltic Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean. Measured total SSA fluxes varied between 8.9 × 103 ± 6.8 × 105 m−2 s−1 for the Baltic Sea and 1.0 × 104 ± 105 m−2 s−1 for the Atlantic Ocean. The analysis uncovered a significant decrease (by a factor of 2.2 in the wind speed range of 10.5–14.5 m s−1) in SSA fluxes, with chlorophyll a (chl a) concentration higher than 3.5 mg m−3 in the Baltic Sea area. We found statistically significant correlations for both regions of interest between SSA fluxes and various environmental factors, including wind speed, wind acceleration, wave age, significant wave height, and wave Reynolds number. Our findings indicate that higher chl a concentrations are associated with reduced SSA fluxes at higher wind speeds in the Baltic Sea, while the influence of wave age showed higher aerosol emissions in the Baltic Sea for younger waves compared to the Atlantic Ocean. These insights underscore the complex interplay between biological activity and physical dynamics in regulating SSA emissions. Additionally, in both measurement regions, we observed weak correlations between SSA fluxes and air and water temperature and between SSA fluxes and atmospheric stability. Comparing the Baltic Sea and the North Atlantic, we noted distinct emission behaviors, with higher emissions in the Baltic Sea at low wave age values compared to the Atlantic Ocean. This study represents the first comparative analysis of SSA flux measurements using the same methodology in these contrasting marine environments.
Troposphere–stratosphere-integrated bromine monoxide (BrO) profile retrieval over the central Pacific Ocean
Authors: Koenig Theodore K. , Hendrick François , Kinnison Douglas , Lee Christopher F. , Van Roozendael Michel , Volkamer Rainer
Published: October 2024

Abstract. Bromine monoxide (BrO) is relevant to atmospheric oxidative capacity, affecting the lifetime of greenhouse gases (i.e., methane, dimethylsulfide) and mercury oxidation. However, measurements of BrO radical vertical profiles are rare, and BrO is highly variable. As a result, the few available aircraft observations in different regions of the atmosphere are not easily reconciled. Autonomous multi-axis differential optical absorption spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS) instruments placed at remote mountaintop observatories (MT-DOAS) present a cost-effective alternative to aircraft, with the potential to probe the climate-relevant yet understudied free troposphere more routinely. Here, we describe an innovative full-atmosphere BrO and formaldehyde (HCHO) profile retrieval algorithm using MT-DOAS measurements at Mauna Loa Observatory (MLO – 19.536° N, 155.577° W; 3401 m a.s.l.). The retrieval is based on time-dependent optimal estimation and simultaneously inverts 190+ individual BrO (and formaldehyde, HCHO) SCDs (slant column densities; SCD = dSCD + SCDRef) from solar stray light spectra measured in the zenith and off-axis geometries at high and low solar zenith angles (92° > SZA > 30°) to derive BrO concentration profiles from 1.9 to 35 km with 7.5 degrees of freedom (DoFs). Two case study days are characterized by the absence (26 April 2017, base case) and presence of a Rossby-wave-breaking double tropopause (29 April 2017, RW-DT case). Stratospheric-BrO vertical columns are nearly identical on both days (VCD = (1.5 ± 0.2) × 1013 molec. cm−2), and the stratospheric-BrO profile peaks at a lower altitude during the RW-DT (1.6–2.0 DoFs). Tropospheric-BrO VCDs increase from (0.70 ± 0.14) × 1013 molec. cm−2 (base case) to (1.00 ± 0.14) × 1013 molec. cm−2 (RW-DT) owing to a 3-fold increase in BrO in the upper troposphere (1.7–1.9 DoFs). BrO at MLO increases from (0.23 ± 0.03) pptv (base case) to (0.46 ± 0.03) pptv (RW-DT) and is characterized by an added time resolution (∼ 3.8 DoFs). Up to (0.9 ± 0.1) pptv BrO is observed above MLO in the lower free troposphere in the absence of the double tropopause. We validate the retrieval using aircraft BrO profiles and in situ HCHO measurements aboard the NSF/NCAR GV aircraft above MLO (11 January 2014) that establish BrO peaks around 2.4 pptv above 13 km in the upper troposphere–lower stratosphere (UTLS) during a similar RW-DT event (0.83 × 1013 molec. cm2 tropospheric-BrO VCD above 2 km). The tropospheric-BrO profile measured using MT-DOAS (RW-DT case) and using the aircraft agree well (after averaging-kernel smoothing). Furthermore, these tropospheric-BrO profiles over the central Pacific Ocean are found to closely resemble those over the eastern Pacific Ocean (2–14 km) and are in contrast to those over the western Pacific Ocean, where a C-shaped tropospheric-BrO profile shape has been observed.
A new global high resolution wave model for the tropical ocean
Authors: Gaffet Axelle , Bertin Xavier , Sous Damien , Michaud Héloïse , Roland Aron , Cordier Emmanuel
Published: October 2024

Abstract. Climate change is driving sea-level rise and potentially intensifying extreme events in the tropical belt, thereby increasing coastal hazards. In tropical islands, extreme sea levels and subsequent marine flooding can be triggered by cyclones but also distant-source swells. The knowledge of sea states in the tropical ocean is thus of key importance and their study is usually based on spectral wave models. However, existing global wave models typically employ regular grids with a coarse resolution, which fail to accurately represent volcanic archipelago, a problem usually circumvented by the use of obstruction grids but typically resulting in large negative biases. To overcome this problem, this study presents a new global wave model with a focus on distant-source swells, which received less attention than waves generated by cyclones. To accurately simulate sea-states in tropical areas, we have implemented the spectral wave model WAVEWATCH III© (WW3) over a global unstructured grid with a spatial resolution ranging from 50 km to 100 m. The model is forced by ERA5 wind fields, corrected for negative biases through a quantile-quantile approach based on satellite radiometer data. The wind input source terms adjusted accordingly and the explicit representation of tropical islands result in improved predictive skills in the tropical ocean. Moreover, this new simulation allows for the first time direct comparisons with in-situ data collected close to shore by water depths ranging from 30 m to 10 m.
Multi-objective calibration and evaluation of the ORCHIDEE land surface model over France at high resolution
Authors: Huang Peng , Ducharne Agnès , Rinchiuso Lucia , Polcher Jan , Baratgin Laure , Bastrikov Vladislav , Sauquet Eric
Published: October 2024

Abstract. Here we present a strategy to obtain a reliable hydrological simulation over France with the ORCHIDEE land surface model. The model is forced by the SAFRAN atmospheric reanalysis at 8 km resolution and hourly time steps from 1959 to 2020 and by a high-resolution DEM (around 1.3 km in France). Each SAFRAN grid cell is decomposed into a graph of hydrological transfer units (HTUs) based on the higher-resolution DEM to better describe lateral water movements. In particular, it is possible to accurately locate 3507 stations among the 4081 stations collected from the national hydrometric network HydroPortail (filtered to drain an upstream area larger than 64 km2). A simple trial-and-error calibration is conducted by modifying selected parameters of ORCHIDEE to reduce the biases of the simulated water budget compared to the evapotranspiration products (the GLEAM and FLUXCOM datasets) and the HydroPortail observations of river discharge. The simulation that is eventually preferred is extensively assessed with classic goodness-of-fit indicators complemented by trend analysis at 1785 stations (filtered to have records for at least 8 entire years) across France. For example, the median bias of evapotranspiration is −0.5 % against GLEAM (−4.3 % against FLUXCOM), the median bias of river discharge is 6.3 %, and the median Kling–Gupta efficiency (KGE) of square-rooted river discharge is 0.59. These indicators, however, exhibit a large spatial variability, with poor performance in the Alps and the Seine sedimentary basin. The spatial contrasts and temporal trends of river discharge across France are well represented with an accuracy of 76.4 % for the trend sign and an accuracy of 62.7 % for the trend significance. Although it does not yet integrate human impacts on river basins, the selected parameterization of ORCHIDEE offers a reliable historical overview of water resources and a robust configuration for climate change impact analysis at the nationwide scale of France.
GTDI: a game-theory-based integrated drought index implying hazard-causing and hazard-bearing impact change
Authors: Zhao Xiaowei , Yang Tianzeng , Zhang Hongbo , Lan Tian , Xue Chaowei , Li Tongfang , Ye Zhaoxia , Yang Zhifang , Zhang Yurou
Published: October 2024

Abstract. Developing an effective and reliable integrated drought index is crucial for tracking and identifying droughts. The study employs game theory to create a spatially variable weight drought index (game-theory-based drought index, GTDI) by combining two single-type indices: an agricultural drought index (standardized soil moisture index, SSMI), which implies drought hazard-bearing conditions, and a meteorological drought index (standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index, SPEI), which implies drought hazard-causing conditions. In addition, the entropy-theory-based drought index (ETDI) is introduced to incorporate a spatial comparison with GTDI to illustrate the rationality of gaming weight integration, as both entropy theory and game theory belong to linear combination methods in the development of the integrated drought index and entropy theory has been applied in related research. Leaf area index (LAI) data are employed to confirm the reliability of GTDI in identifying drought by comparing it with SPEI, SSMI, and ETDI. Furthermore, a comparative analysis is conducted on the temporal trajectories and spatial evolution of the GTDI-identified drought to discuss GTDI's level of advancement in monitoring changes in hazard-causing and hazard-bearing impacts. The results show that GTDI has a very high correlation with single-type drought indices (SPEI and SSMI), and its gaming weight integration is more logical and trustworthy than that of ETDI. As a result, it outperforms ETDI, SPEI, and SSMI in recognizing drought spatiotemporally and is projected to replace single-type drought indices to provide a more accurate picture of actual drought. Additionally, GTDI exhibits the gaming feature, indicating a distinct benefit in monitoring changes in hazard-causing and hazard-bearing impacts. The case studies show that drought events in the Wei River basin are dominated by a lack of precipitation. The hazard-causing index, SPEI, dominates the early stages of a drought event, whereas the hazard-bearing index, SSMI, dominates the later stages. This study surely serves as a helpful reference for the development of integrated drought indices as well as regional drought prevention and monitoring.
Atmospheric Forcing as a driver for Ocean Forecasting
Authors: Schiller Andreas , Josey Simon A. , Siddorn John , Hoteit Ibrahim
Published: October 2024

Abstract. The connection of the ocean component with the Earth system is subject to the way the atmosphere interacts with it. The paper illustrates the state of the art in the way atmospheric fields are used in ocean models as boundary conditions for the provisioning of the exchanges of heat, freshwater and momentum fluxes. Such fluxes can be based on remote-sensing instruments, like SAR, or provided directly by Numerical Weather Prediction systems. This study also discusses how the ocean-atmosphere fluxes are numerically ingested in ocean models from global to regional to coastal scales. Today’s research frontiers on this topic are opening challenging opportunities for developing more sophisticated coupled ocean-atmosphere systems.
IoT-Enabled Medication Reminder System with Alarm Delay Function
Authors: Mardhiyyah Rodhiyah
Published: October 2024

Medication compliance is essential to support the recovery of one's health. Prescribed medication for patients should be taken in accordance with the instructions, such as taking it after a meal, so patients should adhere to these guidelines for the medication to work optimally. Typically, medication reminder devices that have been designed continuously sound alarms until the user takes the medication. This allows users to meet the requirements before taking the medication, for example, having a meal if necessary. This medication reminder device is built with a snooze button that allows users to postpone the alarm so they can complete the necessary tasks before taking the medication. It also features LED lights to indicate the medication box that needs to be taken. The LCD displays real-time information, the next medication time, and the type of medication to be taken. The result of creating this device is that it can activate alarms according to the specified schedule and activate the LED lights corresponding to the medication box to be taken. The snooze function works when the snooze button is pressed and when the medication is not taken for 1 minute. After being postponed, the alarm will reactivate after 3 minutes. Additionally, notifications are also successfully sent to the Telegram application connected to the device. There is a delay of approximately 15-30 seconds when activating the alarm. Messages are sent to Telegram at three (3) times.
Implementation of the Internet of Things in Centrifuge Calibrators
Authors: Kuspranoto Abdul Haris , Alfatih Muhammad Fa'iz , Yudono Muchtar Ali Setyo
Published: October 2024

The implementation of Internet of Things (IoT) technology in centrifuge calibrators brings innovation by enhancing accuracy and efficiency in medical device calibration. This research develops an IoT-based centrifuge calibrator capable of storing calibration data digitally and providing real-time access, using the E18-D80NK sensor for rotational motion detection, which is more cost-effective than conventional laser modules. Measurement results demonstrate high accuracy across various RPM settings (1000, 1500, 2000, 2500, and 3000 RPM), with minimal error and stability within acceptable tolerance limits. The key advantage of IoT implementation lies in efficient calibration data management, enabling real-time access and integration with other systems for effective analysis and monitoring of calibration outcomes. Overall, IoT technology in centrifuge calibration not only enhances healthcare service quality with reliable results but also supports efficient and transparent equipment management in medical settings, offering long-term benefits to healthcare facilities and patients.
A Quantitative Analysis of Harmonic Effects on the Accuracy of Single-Phase kWh Meters in PT. PLN (Persero) ULP Kuta
Authors: Putri Dewa Ayu Putu Adhiya Garini , Sutama I Wayan , Falah Muhamma Yusrul
Published: October 2024

The accurate measurement of electrical energy transactions using kWh meters is crucial to prevent losses for both consumers and utilities. However, the growing prevalence of nonlinear loads can introduce harmonics into the power system, potentially affecting the accuracy of kWh meter readings. This study aimed to investigate the impact of harmonics on the measurement accuracy of analog and electromechanical kWh meters. The results demonstrate that as the percentage of Total Harmonic Distortion (%THD) increases, due to the increased use of nonlinear loads, the measurement accuracy of both types of kWh meters decreases, potentially leading to financial losses for both consumers and the utility company. Based on the study, Simulation results demonstrate this impact, with analog and electromechanical kWh meters showing significantly different billing outcomes under resistive and capacitive loads. For example, a purely resistive 300-watt load resulted in a bill of Rp. 327,870 for the analog meter and Rp. 319,343 for the electromechanical meter. In contrast, a 300-watt capacitive load resulted in bills of Rp. 84,497 and Rp. 83,707, respectively.
Adaptation of the Teaching Engineering Self-Efficacy Scale to Turkish and Analysis of Science Teachers' Teaching Engineering Self-Efficacy Beliefs across Different Variables
Authors: Şahin-Çakır Çiğdem , Erdemir-Yılmaz Derya
Published: October 2024

The objective of this study was to adapt the Teaching Engineering Self-Efficacy Scale (TESS) to Turkish through comprehensive validity and reliability assessments and to analyze science teachers' (specializing in science, physics, chemistry, biology) Teaching Engineering Self-Efficacy (TES) beliefs concerning various variables. The study employed the TESS, originally developed by Yoon, Evans, and Strobel (2014), alongside a personal information form, and followed a descriptive survey model as its research methodology. The adapted TESS's validity and reliability were evaluated using data from 476 science teachers in schools under the Ministry of National Education (MNE) in X province, and the main study involved 221 science teachers from Y province. The assessment of teachers' TES beliefs in relation to different factors was executed using independent samples t-tests, One-Way ANOVA, and the Scheffe test. It revealed that science teachers' TES beliefs significantly varied based on factors such as their involvement in providing engineering education, the integration of engineering education into their teaching, and their specific teaching subjects, but not gender. The study contributes a valid and reliable scale to the academic literature.
Comparative analysis of the methods of execution of the maintenance obligation
Authors: Strelciuc Viorica , Cebotari Valentina
Published: October 2024

The payment of the maintenance pension for family members is a complex element due to its legal nature, order and method of formation. Arising from the circumstances that the maintenance pension is an institution of family law - a component of private law, it finds its regulation in the multitude of related branches of law. In the given material, I researched through comparative analysis the phenomenon of the maintenance obligation arising on the basis of a contract regarding the payment of the maintenance pension or instituted by issuing a court decision. At the same time, we highlighted the most relevant aspects and features that differentiate the maintenance obligation arising from a contract regarding the payment of maintenance pension versus a court decision by listing the legal effects in the case of the exercise of the obligation by the debtor in good faith.
Hungarian EFL Students' Perspectives on Global Competence Development in a Thematic Language Course
Authors: Divéki Rita , Harangozó Eszter Lili
Published: October 2024

In today’s increasingly complex world, education must equip students to become engaged, globally competent citizens, who can solve both local and global issues and are ready to face the challenges of the 21st century. The goal of global competence is to address these demands by strengthening the necessary knowledge, skills and attitudes: a globally competent student can examine issues of global significance, understand other people’s perspectives, engage in appropriate and effective interactions with people from different cultural backgrounds, and act for collective well-being and sustainable development. In this framework, this case study aims to explore how a thematic language development seminar focussing on global content can contribute to developing second-year EFL students’ global competence and its perceived effectiveness. One group of students (N=18) from a prestigious Hungarian university was involved in the study, instructed by the first author. Data was collected over the course of the Spring 2023 semester from multiple data sources: student reflections after each thematic lesson, a beginning-of-the-term feedback sheet, an end-of-the-term feedback sheet, weekly student reflections, observation notes (by the second author) and reflective journals (by the first author). The findings emerging from this qualitative inquiry suggest that the students were satisfied with the course overall and could effectively gauge which global and language skills they developed during the course. These findings imply that designing courses with dual aims is both feasible and worthwhile, and with the help of regular reflection exercises, the students can be made aware of the development of their skills, leading to increased global awareness and satisfaction with the course.
Paideia Patristic Education
Authors: Njogu Wachira Ann , Mutai Noah Cheruiyot , Bensam Sambiri Benjamin
Published: October 2024

The acquisition of soft skills is increasingly recognized as a crucial component of higher education, essential for preparing students to meet the challenges of the modern workforce. This study investigates the process of acquiring soft skills through Paideia Patristic Education (PPE) in universities in Machakos County, Kenya. This quantitative study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the PPE framework in promoting key soft skills such as communication, teamwork, critical thinking, and flexibility. Purposive sampling technique was used to target specific faculty members and students. Data was collected using structured and semi-structured questionnaires. The study's results show that PPE has a positive effect on students' soft skills, particularly in enhancing their ability to work effectively in teams and collaborate. Universities in Machakos County and beyond should strongly consider incorporating Paideia Patristic Education principles into their curricula. This would help cultivate crucial soft skills in students, better equipping them for the challenges of the contemporary job market.