bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ESTABILIDADE DE AGREGADOS EM ÁREA DE CULTIVO ORGÂNICO COM DIFERENTES MANEJOS E CONVENCIONAL
Authors: Favorito Amanda Cecato , Seidel Edleusa Pereira , Herrmann Daniela da Rocha , Fey Emerson , Pan Renan
Published: July 2021

O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar as propriedades físicas do solo em áreas com diferentes manejos do sistema de cultivo orgânico e cultivo convencional. O experimento foi conduzido na Estação Experimental Professor Alcibíades Luiz Orlando, localizada no município de Entre Rios do Oeste. O solo da região é classificado como Latossolo Vermelho Eutroférrico, o delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado (DIC), onde em cada área em estudo foram demarcados seis pontos de amostragem, sendo cada ponto representante de uma repetição dentro da área. Os talhões em estudo e seus respectivos manejos foram considerados os tratamentos e o talhão convencional foi considerado a testemunha. Para determinação da estabilidade coletou-se monólitos de solo na camada de 0-0,10 e 0,10 a 0,20 m. Os resultados demonstraram que a melhor estabilidade dos agregados avaliadas pelo diâmetro médio ponderado e geométrico foi no sistema de rotação: Soja/ trigo mourisco/ aveia preta + nabo/ milho/ aveia preita + nabo/ lab-lab + feijão-guandu; onde houve a maior diversidade de plantas de cobertura. O talhão cultivado no sistema plantio direto, mas manejado convencionalmente obteve menor qualidade estrutural.
GESTÃO DO CONHECIMENTO E RESILIÊNCIA INSTITUCIONAL NO CICLO DE PROTEÇÃO E DEFESA CIVIL
Authors: Silva Harrysson Luiz , ANTOCHESKI Edson , Manfrini Gisele Cristina
Published: July 2021

Este artigo tem por objetivo descrever o status da gestão do conhecimento do ciclo de proteção e defesa civil em termos de pessoas, processos e sistemas, de uma Coordenadoria Regional de Defesa Civil (COREDEC) de um município (Canoinhas) no norte do estado de Santa Catarina. Para avaliação da COREDEC foi utilizado o protocolo de investigação do Instituto do Banco Mundial conhecido como OKA (Organizational Knowledge Assessment), que é constituído por 199 (cento e noventa e nove) perguntas subdivididas em 14 dimensões de avaliação. Ao final serão apontados o status das dimensões analisadas, bem como, as diretrizes que deverão ser adotadas visando à resiliência institucional da gestão do conhecimento da respectiva coordenadoria regional.
A RELAÇÃO ENTRE LEGISLAÇÃO, A EDUCAÇÃO AMBIENTAL E OS PROBLEMAS ENFRENTADOS NA GESTÃO DE RESÍDUOS SÓLIDOS PELAS COMUNIDADES RURAIS
Authors: Frichs Cotica Kátia Janaína , Carniatto Irene
Published: July 2021

A Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos (PNRS) tem por objetivo reduzir a geração de resíduos sólidos e amplificar as práticas de reciclagem e reutilização. No meio rural, o gerenciamento dos resíduos sólidos é de responsabilidade dos moradores, visto que a coleta do lixo pelo Poder Público geralmente não acontece, e muitas vezes o descarte desses resíduos incluí queimar, despejar em buracos ou próximos às margens dos rios. Desta forma, as políticas ambientais direcionadas para uma educação ambiental que estabelece práticas sustentáveis nas escolas e na comunidade se torna ferramenta imprescindível para desenvolver ações de gestão de resíduos sólidos. Nessa perspectiva, este artigo busca debater como a legislação dos resíduos sólidos se relaciona com a prática da educação ambiental das zonas rurais do Brasil, e abordar por um viés teórico sobre as questões ambientais referentes aos impactos causados pelos resíduos sólidos, Assim como descrever a relação entre a legislação e a educação ambiental como políticas públicas direcionadoras do incentivo para a participação da sociedade na transformação da relação entre o homem e o meio ambiente.
Riesgo de desastres: reflexiones desde la posmodernidad
Authors: SALDIVAR Mauricio Norman
Published: July 2021

En tiempos donde las fake news y los negadores de la ciencia ganan cada vez más espacio en los medios y las redes sociales, se establecen nuevas relaciones entre el conocimiento y el poder al imponer relatos por sobre los saberes y la epistemología científica. Debido a esto, la percepción de las amenazas y el riesgo por parte de la sociedad puede verse afectada al aumentar la falta de certezas debido a la construcción de realidades en base a percepciones. Es por ello que se propone gestionar el riesgo de desastres apelando a una perspectiva holística basada en la teoría de la complejidad, que se fundamenta en la transdisciplinariedad para de esta manera, reducir la ilusión de certidumbre.
ANÁLISE DA VULNERABILIDADE DE LENÇOL FREÁTICO CONTAMINADO POR DEFENSIVOS AGRÍCOLAS – ESTUDO DE CASO NA MICROBACIA DO RIO TAMANDUAZINHO
Authors: TONET Larissa Poltis , RAMIREZ Kleber Gomes
Published: July 2021

Neste trabalho foi analisada a qualidade da água subterrânea de um poço artesiano localizado na Microbacia do Rio Tamanduazinho, e foi verificada a vulnerabilidade da mesma, devido ter em sua região grande área agrícola. De acordo com os resultados obtidos após encaminhar as amostras de água para o laboratório de análises ambientais da região, foi possível identificar a faixa do índice de qualidade da água subterrânea em questão. O IQAs analisado obteve valor médio de 91, consultando a faixa de valores o resultado obtido é considerado de ótima qualidade. Análises de oxigênio dissolvido e DBO são variáveis geralmente utilizadas em águas que recebem agentes poluentes de fontes pontuais e difusas. Neste caso, como a água em questão é uma água subterrânea e a região onde foi coletada a amostra não há lançamento de poluentes e nem há estações de tratamento de água no local, não houve a necessidade de analisar esses dois parâmetros. De acordo com as análises realizadas em laboratório, verificou-se que mesmo existindo a presença de alguns contaminantes como o Glifosato AMPA e pesticidas organoclorados e organofosforados, os valores obtidos foram baixos. Sendo assim, constatou-se que o lençol freático da região possui uma ótima qualidade para consumo e não apresenta riscos à saúde humana.
INTERFERÊNCIA INDUSTRIAL NAS MUDANÇAS CLIMÁTICAS E SEU IMPACTO ECONÔMICO NO USO DA ÁGUA
Authors: Mendes Gabriel Presses , Gomes Isis Millena , Marques Rosângela Francisca de Paula Vitor
Published: July 2021

A busca por informações dos impactos ambientais gerados pelas atividades e setores econômicos tem aumentado. Neste contexto objetivou- analisar e comparar imagens de 18 anos para mais e para menos em relação ao ano de 2000 e pontuar o quanto houve de interferência na temperatura do planeta. Para tanto, foram realizados registros e feitas análises através de pesquisas bibliográficas a fim de correlacionar os assuntos propostos, selecionando artigos que pudessem dar apoio para criar uma hipótese, buscando os estudos mais recentes e importantes na área em função de palavras-chave relacionadas com o tema do artigo: aquecimento global e anomalias da temperatura média do ar. Fez-se necessário também os levantamentos de dados e mapas em sites como o INMET. Observou-se aumento de tendências às anomalias positivas no decorrer do tempo. Esse aumento nas diversas regiões do país, com as maiores anomalias no sul, sudestes e nordeste podendo estar relacionado às maiores ocupações populacionais e número de ações antrópicas nessas áreas. Pode -se destacar a pecuária (na região centro oeste principalmente) com as emissões de CH4 na atmosfera, gás com maior potencial de contribuição para o efeito estufa, bem como processos de industrialização no decorrer do tempo, nas diversas regiões do país. Conclui-se que os efeitos das mudanças climáticas já proporcionam problemas na disponibilidade de água para as atividades humanas, fator que poderá se agravar caso as alterações climáticas continuem nesse ritmo e não sejam desenvolvidos novos hábitos e políticas regionais voltadas para um planejamento eficaz dos usos múltiplos dos recursos hídricos.
TRANSIÇÃO AMBIENTAL
Authors: Pereira Vilmar Alves
Published: July 2021

Este ensaio trata de apresentar possibilidades de pensarmos sobre uma nova compreensão a qual denomino de transição ambiental. Trata-se de um esforço hermenêutico de compreender os densos movimentos que nos atravessam e que apresentam desafios gigantescos na luta pela preservação da vida. Desse modo o ensaio parte de uma contextualização a partir da pandemia da COVID19, num primeiro momento; num segundo apresenta alguns aspectos que precedem a referida terminologia e posteriormente, apresenta contornos que buscam tipificar a transição ambiental. O estudo demonstra a necessidade de reconhecermos os amplos movimentos no campo ambiental e sugere reflexões e atitudes que podem contribuir com nossas escolhas e nossa forma de convivência em contexto de aguda crise socioambiental.
AN EVALUATION OF THE EVIDENCE OF BURNOUT AMONG ULTRASOUND PRACTITIONERS IN RIVERS STATE
Authors: Arimie Christopher O
Published: July 2021

Background: Occupational burnout has become a critical issue among ultrasound practitioners. Inappropriate management of occupational burnout can lead to serious health problems.

Aim: To evaluate the evidence of burnout among ultrasound practitioners in Rivers State.

Materials and methods: A survey of ultrasound practitioners in selected diagnostic imaging facilities in Port Harcourt and its environs was conducted between November 2018 and March 2019 to evaluate the evidence of burnout. A descriptive survey design was employed and selection of the facilities was done using a systematic sampling technique. 21 diagnostic imaging facilities were used. Ethical clearance was obtained from the Management of the facilities. Data were obtained from structured questionnaires administered to 50 ultrasound practitioners in these facilities, who accepted to participate in the study. The questionnaire surveyed basic demographic data, time to get to work, experiences, practices, the number of night shifts and other factors that predispose burnout. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 20.

Results: The factors contributing to burnout among ultrasound practitioners are understaffing leading to work overload and excessive overtime work (41%), hostile interactions with patients' relatives (34%), interactions with colleagues (20%), and conflict with Boss/supervisor (5%). Burnout manifests differently among the practitioners as feelings of being worn-out and weary (46%), being sick (31%), being emotionally drained (23%).

Conclusion: Ultrasound practitioners in Rivers State suffer a high level of burnout. Issues of understaffing and interpersonal communication skills should be addressed in order to minimize the incidence of burnout.
THE RACE TOWARDS THE UNIVERSAL HEALTH COVERAGE AND FACTORS INFLUENCING RADIOGRAPHERS CAREER CHOICE IN RURAL SETTLEMENTS IN NORTH-EASTERN NIGERIA
Authors: Luntsi Geofery
Published: July 2021

Background: There is a human resource crisis in the healthcare sector in Nigeria. This is because of the existing inequitable distribution of the available meagre workforce which is itself not helped by the increasing and currently trending brain drain.

Purpose: This study aimed at assessing the factors that influence radiographers choice of career in rural settlements in Northeastern Nigeria.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among Radiographers in Northeastern Nigeria. A 21-item, self-administered semi-structured questionnaire was distributed over a six (6) month period, where 130 questionnaires were distributed. The questionnaire consisted of two sections; a: on demography; b: on factors (attractors and detractors) for career choice in rural areas. Content analysis was used to analyze qualitative data; descriptive statistics were used to analyze quantitative data. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21.0 was used.

Results: A total of 91 questionnaires were retrieved, giving a response rate of 70%. There were 56 (61.5%) males and 35 (38.5%) females. About 82 (90.1 %) had B.Sc and 9 (9.9 %) had M.Sc as their highest qualification. The major attractors for accepting rural jobs were improved remuneration 97 (86.8%) and opportunity for continuous professional development 72 (79.1%). While major detractors were, the cultural and traditional beliefs of the people in rural areas 23 (25.3%) and the lack of social amenities/poor infrastructure 22 (24.2%).

Conclusion: The attractors for radiographers to rural areas in this study were; improved remuneration, availability of equipment, professional development, availability of social amenities and security among others. To recruit and retain radiographers in the rural areas, government, recruitment agencies and employers should in addition to good remuneration motivate the radiographers by providing adequate power, security, rural posting allowances, good functional equipment and a working and learning environment.
A conscientização como pressuposto à humanização nos processos de formação docente em EJAI
Authors: Borba Sara Ingrid
Published: July 2021

RESUMO

 

O presente texto contempla uma reflexão acerca da educação de jovens, adultos e idosos, tomando como foco a formação docente e as experiências vividas no âmbito escolar como pressuposto para formação humana. O objetivo é dialogar sobre a conscientização, enquanto categoria freiriana, indispensável a formação humana, entendendo que os processos de formação docente não acontecem apenas no âmbito das instituições formadoras, mas nas relações que se estabelecem entre os sujeitos do processo educativo (docente e discente), enquanto vivenciam suas experiências. Foi realizada uma abordagem teórica, tomando como base a pesquisa qualitativa. Esta reflexão se faz a partir dos aportes teóricos de Nóvoa (1995); Brandão (2003), Freire (1997, 2001, 2005) em seu vasto estudo, dentre outros e demais autores de relevante contribuição, bem como documentos legais como indicativos de informações pertinentes. O processo de formação contínua acontece como uma necessidade do ser comprometido com a sua própria vida, comprometido com o mundo do qual faz parte. É uma incessante busca do vir a ser, comprometido com o fazer ético, refletindo a sua própria prática como sistematização do conhecimento e intervenção da sua própria realidade.

 

Palavras-chave: Consciência. Formação humana. Libertação.

 

 

ABSTRACT

 

This text contemplates a reflection on the education of young people, adults and the elderly, focusing on teacher training and the experiences lived at school as a precondition for human training. The objective is to dialogue about awareness, as a Freirian category, which is essential to human formation, understanding that the processes of teacher education do not happen only within the scope of educational institutions, but in the relationships that are established between the subjects of the educational process (teacher and student) , while experiencing their experiences. A theoretical approach was carried out, based on qualitative research. This reflection is based on the theoretical contributions of Nóvoa (1995); Brandão (2003), Freire (1997, 2001, 2005) in their vast study, among others and other authors of relevant contribution, as well as legal documents as indicative of pertinent information. The process of continuous formation happens as a need to be committed to your own life, committed to the world of which you are a part. It is an unceasing pursuit of becoming, committed to ethical doing, reflecting its own practice as a systematization of knowledge and intervention of its own reality.

 

Keywords: Consciousness. Human formation. Release.
The effect of bariatric surgery on periodontal health: systematic review and meta-analyses
Authors: Čolak Dejana , Gašperšič Rok , Cmok Kučič Alja , Pintar Tadeja , Gašpirc Boris
Published: July 2021

Introduction

We aimed to determine if periodontal health deteriorates after bariatric surgery (BS).

Material and methods

A search was performed in Medline and Embase, for prospective
cohort studies with data on change in periodontal parameters after BS. Me�ta-analysis was performed with available data.

Results

The results of 4 included studies consistently show significant (p<0.05) worsening of bleeding on probing (4.21% (CI: 0.32, 8.11)), clinical attachment loss (0.16mm (CI: 0.05, 0.27)), periodontal pockets depth (PPD) (0.14mm(CI: 0.06, 0.23)) and percentage of PPD 4-5 mm: 1.72% (CI: 0.11, 3.34) 6-months after BS, but no change after 12-months.

Conclusions

BS may have a transient negative consequence on periodontal health.
Continuing cancer care delivery during the peak of COVID-19 in the Bronx, New York: experience from a public teaching hospital
Authors: Pathak Surabhi , Narurkar Roshni , Hasan Khan Mohammed , Jiang Bei , Soe May Nyein Chann , Hwang Caroline , Muppidi Monica , Aronow Wilbert
Published: July 2021

Introduction

We report our experience with cancer care delivery during the peak of COVID-19 pandemic in New York City.

Material and methods

Retrospective analysis of the patients treated from the 1st of March, 2020 to the 8th of May, 2020.

Results

Team huddles, infection screening and patient selection strategies were implemented. 170 patients were treated in 576 visits. Six developed severe COVID-19 requiring hospitalization, two died. Their median Charlson Comorbidity Index was 9, higher than the rest of the cohort.

Conclusions

Cancer care delivery is safe and feasible using an approach focused on careful patient selection, team communication and infection control.
Trauma informed participatory research: Reflections on co-producing a research proposal
Authors: Lonbay Sarah , Pearson Amy , Hamilton Emma , Higgins Pat , Foulkes Emma , Glascott Michelle
Published: July 2021

This article discusses the development of a co-produced research proposal. The authors reflect on the process of this work and some of the challenges that were experienced by a team who had a mix of lived, clinical and academic experience of the research topic. We highlight the need to embed trauma informed principles into co-produced research and the ways in which doing so can support the development of co-produced work. As such, the article focuses on how we established safety, choice, collaboration, trustworthiness and empowerment during the process of developing the proposal. Within this we offer our reflection on some of the challenges we experienced and our learning from undertaking this work.
Uma Investigação sobre a "Virada Política" da Nova Direita na Região da América Latina
Authors: Lima Izabelle Carvalho , Araújo Maria Laís Alves de , Assis Raimundo Jucier
Published: July 2021

O presente artigo analisa a onda política conservadora e a virada da Nova Direita na América Latina, investigando os regimes políticos a partir da filiação partidária dos presidentes eleitos. Para isso, o texto busca tratar sobre os aspectos dos processos de transições de regimes e da qualidade da democracia, da ascensão do conservadorismo e da Nova Direita. Realizamos uma classificação dos regimes políticos, utilizando o instrumento de análise sobre os ditames democráticos, o Index Democracy, através do Índice Economist Intelligence Unit (estudo realizado, anualmente, pela Revista The Economist com o intuito de mensurar a percepção do regime político democrático em alguns países dos cinco continentes). Destacamos também os dados do Latinobarómetro (2018), principalmente em relação ao apoio dos cidadãos Ã  democracia e uma classificação política ideológica dos governos através um levantamento dos partidos políticos dos presidentes eleitos entre 1999 - 2020 na América Latina.
Cloud drop number concentrations over the western North Atlantic Ocean: seasonal cycle, aerosol interrelationships, and other influential factors
Authors: Dadashazar Hossein , Painemal David , Alipanah Majid , Brunke Michael , Chellappan Seethala , Corral Andrea F. , Crosbie Ewan , Kirschler Simon , Liu Hongyu , Moore Richard H. , Robinson Claire , Scarino Amy Jo , Shook Michael , Sinclair Kenneth , Thornhill K. Lee , Voigt Christiane , Wang Hailong , Winstead Edward , Zeng Xubin , Ziemba Luke , Zuidema Paquita , Sorooshian Armin
Published: July 2021

Abstract. Cloud drop number concentrations (Nd) over the western North
Atlantic Ocean (WNAO) are generally highest during the winter (DJF) and
lowest in summer (JJA), in contrast to aerosol proxy variables (aerosol
optical depth, aerosol index, surface aerosol mass concentrations, surface
cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) concentrations) that generally peak in
spring (MAM) and JJA with minima in DJF. Using aircraft, satellite remote
sensing, ground-based in situ measurement data, and reanalysis data,
we characterize factors explaining the divergent seasonal cycles and
furthermore probe into factors influencing Nd on seasonal timescales.
The results can be summarized well by features most pronounced in DJF,
including features associated with cold-air outbreak (CAO) conditions such
as enhanced values of CAO index, planetary boundary layer height (PBLH),
low-level liquid cloud fraction, and cloud-top height, in addition to winds
aligned with continental outflow. Data sorted into high- and low-Nd days
in each season, especially in DJF, revealed that all of these conditions
were enhanced on the high-Nd days, including reduced sea level pressure
and stronger wind speeds. Although aerosols may be more abundant in MAM and
JJA, the conditions needed to activate those particles into cloud droplets
are weaker than in colder months, which is demonstrated by calculations of the
strongest (weakest) aerosol indirect effects in DJF (JJA) based on comparing Nd to perturbations in four different aerosol proxy variables (total and sulfate aerosol optical depth, aerosol index, surface mass concentration
of sulfate). We used three machine learning models and up to 14 input
variables to infer about most influential factors related to Nd for DJF and JJA, with the best performance obtained with gradient-boosted regression
tree (GBRT) analysis. The model results indicated that cloud fraction was
the most important input variable, followed by some combination (depending
on season) of CAO index and surface mass concentrations of sulfate and
organic carbon. Future work is recommended to further understand aspects
uncovered here such as impacts of free tropospheric aerosol entrainment on
clouds, degree of boundary layer coupling, wet scavenging, and giant CCN
effects on aerosol–Nd relationships, updraft velocity, and vertical structure of cloud properties such as adiabaticity that impact the satellite
estimation of Nd.
Climate change projections of maximum temperature in the pre-monsoon season in Bangladesh using statistical downscaling of global climate models
Authors: Rashid M. Bazlur , Hossain Syed Shahadat , Mannan M. Abdul , Parding Kajsa M. , Hygen Hans Olav , Benestad Rasmus E. , Mezghani Abdelkader
Published: July 2021

Abstract. The climate of Bangladesh is very likely to be influenced by global climate change. To quantify the influence on the climate of Bangladesh, Global Climate Models were downscaled statistically to produce future climate projections of maximum temperature during the pre-monsoon season (March–May) for the 21st century for Bangladesh. The future climate
projections are generated based on three emission scenarios (RCP2.6, RCP4.5
and RCP8.5) provided by the fifth Coupled Model Intercomparison Project. The downscaling process is undertaken by relating the large-scale seasonal mean temperature, taken from the ERA5 reanalysis data set, to the leading principal components of the observed maximum temperature at stations under
Bangladesh Meteorological Department in Bangladesh, and applying the
relationship to the GCM ensemble. The in-situ temperature data has only
recently been digitised, and this is the first time they have been used in
statistical downscaling of local climate projections for Bangladesh. This
analysis also provides an evaluation of the local data, and the local
temperatures in Bangladesh show a close match with the ERA5 reanalysis.
Compared to the reference period of 1981–2010, the projected maximum
pre-monsoon temperature in Bangladesh indicate an increase by 0.7/0.7/0.7 ∘C in the near future (2021–2050) and 2.2/1.2/0.8 ∘C in the far future (2071–2100) assuming the RCP8.5/RCP4.5/RCP2.6 scenario, respectively.
The unidentified eruption of 1809: a climatic cold case
Authors: Timmreck Claudia , Toohey Matthew , Zanchettin Davide , Brönnimann Stefan , Lundstad Elin , Wilson Rob
Published: July 2021

Abstract. The “1809 eruption” is one of the most recent unidentified volcanic eruptions with a global climate impact. Even though the eruption ranks as the third largest since 1500 with a sulfur emission strength estimated to be 2 times that of the 1991 eruption of Pinatubo, not much is known of it from historic sources. Based on a compilation of instrumental and reconstructed temperature time series, we show here that tropical temperatures show a significant drop in response to the ∼ 1809 eruption that is similar to that produced by the Mt. Tambora eruption in 1815, while the response of Northern Hemisphere (NH) boreal summer temperature is spatially heterogeneous. We test the sensitivity of the climate response simulated by the MPI Earth system model to a range of volcanic forcing estimates constructed using estimated volcanic stratospheric sulfur injections (VSSIs) and uncertainties from ice-core records. Three of the forcing reconstructions represent a tropical eruption with an approximately symmetric hemispheric aerosol spread but different forcing magnitudes, while a fourth reflects a hemispherically asymmetric scenario without volcanic forcing in the NH extratropics. Observed and reconstructed post-volcanic surface NH summer temperature anomalies lie within the range of all the scenario simulations. Therefore, assuming the model climate sensitivity is correct, the VSSI estimate is accurate within the uncertainty bounds. Comparison of observed and simulated tropical temperature anomalies suggests that the most likely VSSI for the 1809 eruption would be somewhere between 12 and 19 Tg of sulfur. Model results show that NH large-scale climate modes are sensitive to both volcanic forcing strength and its spatial structure. While spatial correlations between the N-TREND NH temperature reconstruction and the model simulations are weak in terms of the ensemble-mean model results, individual model simulations show good correlation over North America and Europe, suggesting the spatial heterogeneity of the 1810 cooling could be due to internal climate variability.
EMDNA: an Ensemble Meteorological Dataset for North America
Authors: Tang Guoqiang , Clark Martyn P. , Papalexiou Simon Michael , Newman Andrew J. , Wood Andrew W. , Brunet Dominique , Whitfield Paul H.
Published: July 2021

Abstract. Probabilistic methods are useful to estimate the
uncertainty in spatial meteorological fields (e.g., the uncertainty in
spatial patterns of precipitation and temperature across large domains). In
ensemble probabilistic methods, “equally plausible” ensemble members are
used to approximate the probability distribution, hence the uncertainty, of
a spatially distributed meteorological variable conditioned to the available
information. The ensemble members can be used to evaluate the impact of
uncertainties in spatial meteorological fields for a myriad of applications.
This study develops the Ensemble Meteorological Dataset for North America
(EMDNA). EMDNA has 100 ensemble members with daily precipitation amount,
mean daily temperature, and daily temperature range at 0.1∘
spatial resolution (approx. 10 km grids) from 1979 to 2018, derived from a
fusion of station observations and reanalysis model outputs. The station
data used in EMDNA are from a serially complete dataset for North America
(SCDNA) that fills gaps in precipitation and temperature measurements using
multiple strategies. Outputs from three reanalysis products are regridded,
corrected, and merged using Bayesian model averaging. Optimal
interpolation (OI) is used to merge station- and reanalysis-based estimates.
EMDNA estimates are generated using spatiotemporally correlated random
fields to sample from the OI estimates. Evaluation results show that (1) the
merged reanalysis estimates outperform raw reanalysis estimates,
particularly in high latitudes and mountainous regions; (2) the OI estimates
are more accurate than the reanalysis and station-based regression
estimates, with the most notable improvements for precipitation evident in
sparsely gauged regions; and (3) EMDNA estimates exhibit good performance
according to the diagrams and metrics used for probabilistic evaluation. We
discuss the limitations of the current framework and highlight that further
research is needed to improve ensemble meteorological datasets. Overall,
EMDNA is expected to be useful for hydrological and meteorological
applications in North America. The entire dataset and a teaser dataset (a
small subset of EMDNA for easy download and preview) are available at
https://doi.org/10.20383/101.0275 (Tang et al., 2020a).
Historical reconstruction of background air pollution over France for 2000–2015
Authors: Real Elsa , Couvidat Florian , Ung Anthony , Malherbe Laure , Raux Blandine , Colette Augustin
Published: July 2021

Abstract. This paper describes a 16-year datasets of air pollution concentrations and air quality indicators over France. Using a kriging method that combines background measurements of air quality and modeling with the Chemistry Transport Model CHIMERE, hourly concentrations of NO2, O3, PM10 and PM2.5 are produced with a spatial resolution about 4 kilometers. Regulatory indicators (annual average, SOMO35, AOT40 etc…) are also calculated from these hourly data. NO2 and O3 datasets cover the period 2000–2015, as well as PM10 annual data. PM10 hourly concentrations are not available from 2000 to 2007 due to known artefact in PM10 measurements. PM2.5 data are only available from 2009 because of the lack of measurement stations before. The overall dataset has been evaluated over all the years through a cross-validation process against background measurement stations (rural, sub-urban and urban), to account for the data fusion between measurement and models in the method. Results are very good for PM10, PM2.5 and O3. It shows an overestimation of NO2 concentrations in rural area, while background NO2 values in urban areas are well represented. Maps of the main indicators are shown over years and trends are calculated. Finally, country exposure and trends of three main health related indicators: yearly averaged PM2.5 NO2 and SOMO35 are calculated. The DOI link for the dataset is http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5043645 (Real et al., 2021). We hopethat the publication of this dataset in open access will facilitate further studies on the impacts of air pollution.
Quantifying the Regional Water Balance of the Ethiopian Rift Valley Lake Basin Using an Uncertainty Estimation Framework
Authors: Abraham Tesfalem , Liu Yan , Tekleab Sirak , Hartmann Andreas
Published: July 2021

Abstract. In Ethiopia more than 80 % of big freshwater lakes are located in the Rift Valley Lake Basin (RVLB), serving over 15 million people a multipurpose water supply. The basin covers an area of 53,035 km2, and most of the catchments recharging these lakes are ungauged and their water balance is not well quantified, hence limiting the development of appropriate water resource management strategies. Prediction for ungauged basins (PUB) has demonstrated its effectiveness in hydro-climatic data-rich regions. However, these approaches are not well evaluated in climatic data-limited conditions and the consequent uncertainty is not adequately quantified. In this study we use the Hydrologiska Byråns Vattenbalansavdelning (HBV) model to simulate streamflow at a regional scale using global precipitation and potential evapotranspiration products as forcings. We develop and apply a Monte-Carlo scheme to estimate model parameters and quantify uncertainty at 16 catchments in the basin where gauging stations are available. Out of these 16, we use the 14 most reliable catchments to derive the best regional regression model. We use three different strategies to extract possible parameter sets for regionalization by correlating the best calibration parameters, the best validation parameters, and parameters that give the most stable predictions with catchment properties that are available throughout the basin. A weighting scheme in the regional regression accounts for parameter uncertainty in the calibration. A spatial cross-validation is applied multiple times to test the quality of the regionalization and to estimate the regionalization uncertainty. Our results show that, other than the commonly used best-calibrated parameters, the best parameter sets of the validation period provide the most robust estimates of regionalized parameters. We then apply the regionalized parameter sets to the remaining 35 ungauged catchments in the RVLB to provide regional water balance estimations, including quantifications of regionalization uncertainty. The uncertainties of elasticities from the regionalization in the ungauged catchments are higher than those obtained from the simulations in the gauged catchments. With these results, our study provides a new procedure to use global precipitation and evapotranspiration products to predict and evaluate streamflow simulation for hydro-climatically data-scarce regions considering uncertainty. This procedure enhances the confidence to understand the water balance of under-represented regions like ours and supports the planning and development of water resources.
Rainfall-runoff relationships at event scale in western Mediterranean ephemeral streams
Authors: Serrano-Notivoli Roberto , Martínez-Salvador Alberto , García-Lorenzo Rafael , Espín-Sánchez David , Conesa-García Carmelo
Published: July 2021

Abstract. Ephemeral streams are highly dependent on rainfall and terrain characteristics and, therefore, very sensitive to minor changes in these environments. Western Mediterranean area exhibits a highly irregular precipitation regime with a great variety of rainfall events driving the flow generation on intermittent watercourses, and future climate change scenarios depict a lower magnitude and higher intensity of precipitation in this area, potentially leading to severe changes in flows. We explored the rainfall-runoff relationships in two semiarid watersheds in southern Spain (Algeciras and Upper Mula) to model the different types of rainfall events required to generate new flow in both intermittent streams. We used a nonlinear approach through Generalized Additive Models at event scale in terms of magnitude, duration, and intensity, contextualizing resulting thresholds in a long-term perspective through the calculation of return periods. Results showed that the average ~ 1.2-day and <1.5 mm event was not enough to create new flows. At least a 4-day event ranging from 4 to 20 mm, depending on the watershed was needed to ensure new flow at a high probability (95 %). While these thresholds represented low return periods (from 4 to 10 years), the great irregularity of annual precipitation and rainfall characteristics, makes prediction highly uncertain. Almost a third part of the rainfall events resulted in similar or lower flow than previous day, emphasizing the importance of lithological and terrain characteristics that lead to differences in flow generation between the watersheds.
Spatiotemporal clustering of flash floods in a changing climate (China, 1950–2015)
Authors: Wang Nan , Lombardo Luigi , Tonini Marj , Cheng Weiming , Guo Liang , Xiong Junnan
Published: July 2021

Abstract. The persistence over space and time of flash flood disasters – flash floods that have caused either economical losses or loss of life or both – is a diagnostic measure of areas subjected to hydrological risk. The concept of persistence can be assessed via clustering analyses, performed here to analyze the national inventory of flash flood disasters in China that occurred in the period 1950–2015. Specifically, we investigated the spatiotemporal pattern distribution of the flash flood disasters and their clustering behavior by using both global and local methods: the first based on Ripley's K function, and the second on scan statistics.
As a result, we could visualize patterns of aggregated events, estimate the cluster duration and make assumptions about their evolution over time, also with respect to the precipitation trend. Due to the large spatial (the whole Chinese territory) and temporal (66 years) scale of the dataset, we were able to capture whether certain clusters gather in specific locations and times but also whether their magnitude tends to increase or decrease. Overall, the eastern regions in China are much more subjected to flash flood disasters compared to the rest of the country. Detected clusters revealed that these phenomena predominantly occur between July and October, a period coinciding with the wet season in China. The number of detected clusters increases with time, but the associated duration drastically decreases in the recent period. This may indicate a change towards triggering mechanisms which are typical of short-duration extreme rainfall events.
Finally, being flash flood disasters directly linked to precipitation and their extreme realization, we indirectly assessed whether the magnitude of the trigger itself has also varied through space and time, enabling considerations in the context of climatic change.
Atmospheric triggering conditions and climatic disposition of landslides in Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan at the beginning of the 21st century
Authors: Wang Xun , Otto Marco , Scherer Dieter
Published: July 2021

Abstract. Landslide is a major natural hazard in Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan. Knowledge about atmospheric triggering conditions and climatic disposition of landslides in Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan is limited even though this topic has already been investigated thoroughly in other parts of the world. In this study, the newly developed, high-resolution High Asia Refined analysis version 2 (HAR v2) data set generated by dynamical downscaling was combined with historical landslide inventories to analyze the atmospheric conditions that initialized landslides in Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan. The results indicate the crucial role of snowmelt in landslide-triggering processes since it contributes to the initialization of 40 % of landslide events. Objective thresholds for rainfall, snowmelt, and the sum of rainfall and snowmelt (rainfall + snowmelt) were defined. Thresholds defined by rainfall + snowmelt have the best predictive performance. Mean intensity, peak intensity, and the accumulated amount of rainfall + snowmelt events show similar predictive performance. Using the entire period of rainfall + snowmelt events results in better predictive performance than just considering the period up to landslide occurrence. Mean annual exceedance maps were derived from defined regional thresholds for rainfall + snowmelt. Mean annual exceedance maps depict climatic disposition and have added value in landslide susceptibility mapping. The results reported in this study highlight the potential of dynamical downscaling products generated by regional climate models in landslide prediction.
Weakening and warming of the European Slope Current since the late 1990s attributed to basin-scale density changes
Authors: Clark Matthew , Marsh Robert , Harle James
Published: July 2021

Abstract. Oceanic influences on shelf seas are mediated by flow along and across continental slopes, with consequences for regional hydrography and ecosystems. Here we present evidence for the variable North Atlantic influence on European shelf seas over the last four decades, using ocean analysis and reanalysis products, and an eddy-resolving ocean model hindcast. To first order, flows oriented along isobaths at the continental slope are related to the poleward increase of density in the adjacent deep ocean that supports a geostrophic inflow towards the slope. In the North Atlantic, this density gradient and associated inflow has undergone substantial, sometimes abrupt, changes in recent decades. Inflow in the range 10–15 Sv is identified with eastward transport in temperature classes at 30° W, in the latitude range 45–60° N. Associated with major subpolar warming around 1997, a cool and fresh branch of the Atlantic inflow was substantially reduced, while a warm and more saline inflow branch strengthened, with respective changes of the order 5 Sv. Total inflow fell from ~ 15 Sv pre-1997 to ~ 10 Sv post-1997. In the model hindcast, particle tracking is used to trace the origins of poleward flows along the continental slope to the west of Ireland and Scotland, before and after 1997. Backtracking particles up to 4 years, a range of subtropical and subpolar pathways is identified from a statistical perspective. In broad terms, cold, fresh waters of subpolar provenance were replaced by warm, saline waters, of subtropical provenance. These changes have major implications for the downstream shelf regions that are strongly influenced by Atlantic inflow, the northern North Sea in particular, where “subtropicalization” of ecosystems has already been observed since the late 1990s.
Automated mapping of the seasonal evolution of surface meltwater and its links to climate on the Amery Ice Shelf, Antarctica
Authors: Tuckett Peter A. , Ely Jeremy C. , Sole Andrew J. , Lea James M. , Livingstone Stephen J. , Jones Julie M. , van Wessem J. Melchior
Published: July 2021

Abstract. Surface meltwater is widespread around the margin of the Antarctic Ice Sheet and has the potential to influence ice-shelf stability, ice-dynamic processes and ice-albedo feedbacks. Whilst the general spatial distribution of surface meltwater across the Antarctic continent is now relatively well known, our understanding of the seasonal and multi-year evolution of surface meltwater is limited. Attempts to generate robust time series of melt cover have largely been constrained by computational expense or limited ice surface visibility associated with mapping from optical satellite imagery. Here, we implement an existing meltwater detection method alongside a novel method for calculating visibility metrics within Google Earth Engine. This enables us to quantify uncertainty induced by cloud cover and variable image data coverage, allowing us to automatically generate time series of surface melt area over large spatial and temporal scales. We demonstrate our method on the Amery Ice Shelf region of East Antarctica, analysing 4,164 Landsat 7 and 8 optical images between 2005 and 2020. Results show high interannual variability in surface meltwater cover, with mapped cumulative lake area totals ranging from 384 km2 to 3898 km2 per melt season. However, by incorporating image visibility assessments into our results, we estimate that cumulative total lake areas are on average 42 % higher than minimum mapped values, highlighting the importance of accounting for variations in image visibility when mapping lake areas. In a typical melt season, total lake area remains low throughout November and early December, before increasing, on average, by an order of magnitude during the second half of December. Peak lake area most commonly occurs during January, before decreasing during February as lakes freeze over. We show that modelled melt predictions from a regional climate model provides a good indication of lake cover in the Amery region, and that annual lake coverage is strongly associated with phases of the Southern Annular Mode (SAM); surface melt is typically highest in years with a negative austral summer SAM index. Furthermore, we suggest that melt-albedo feedbacks modulate the spatial distribution of meltwater in the region, with the exposure of blue ice from persistent katabatic wind scouring influencing the susceptibility of melt ponding. Results demonstrate how our method could be scaled up to generate a multi-year time series record of surface water extent from optical imagery at a continent-wide scale.
APPLICATION OF HISTORICAL DATA IN STUDYING THE VALUE «TIME» IN THE ELEMENTARY CLASSES
Authors: Grebennikova N.L. , Kostsova S.A. , Nazarova V.R. , Tikhonova O.S.
Published: July 2021

This article examines the features of the use of historical data in the study of the value of «time» in primary school. Shown is their educational, upbringing and developmental role in the formation of temporal representations in younger students, the expansion and deepening of knowledge, the development of cognitive interest, in the implementation of the connection between mathematical theory and practice.
COMPOSITION OF ORAL MICROFLORA IN PATIENTS WITH SYSTEMIC SCLERODERMIA
Authors: Margaryan E.G. , Esayan M.S. , Kajoyan A.G. , Makeeva I.M.
Published: July 2021

This article evaluates the composition of the oral microflora in patients with systemic scleroderma.
Comparative assessment of wellbeing of Chrysichthys filamentosus, Kribia nana and Pegusa lascaris from Tomaro, Ajegunle and Badagry Creeks in Lagos, Nigeria
Authors: MEKULEYI GABRIEL OLARINDE , YAJI ABUBAKAR JERMA , ADELERE FOLAKE IREWUNMI
Published: July 2021

An investigation was made from April to September 2018 to detect some metals (cadmium, chromium, copper, iron, lead and zinc) in the fishes like Kribia nana, Chrysichthys filamentosus and Pegusa lascaris, as well as in water and sediment from  three creeks i.e. Badagry (Station 1), Tomaro (Station 2) and Ajegunle (Station 3) in Lagos, Nigeria. Samples were collected and analyzed according to standard methods. Most of the water quality parameters are within standard recommended limits. Iron content in C. filamentosus (11.57±2.50mg/kg) from station 3 was higher (p<0.05) than iron content from station 2 (6.54±2.88mg/kg), while iron content in K. nana (8.34±1.10mg/kg) from station 3 was higher (p<0.05) than that from station 1 (6.12±1.04mg/kg) and station 2 (3.62±1.14mg/kg) respectively. Zinc (5.54±1.12mg/kg) recorded from station 3 was significantly (p<0.05) higher than that from station 2 (2.45±0.96mg/kg) and station 1 (3.84±0.86mg/kg). Iron content in all the fishes, cadmium in C. filamentosus and lead, chromium, copper in K. nana in stations 1 and 3 exceeded permissible limits. Condition factor (K) of most fish species was greater than 1. The Hazardous Index (HI) content in C. filamentosus from the three creeks and K. nana from stations 1 and 3 was above 1. Ecological risk factor(Er), enrichment factors (EF) and Index of geo-accumulation indicated moderate contamination of the sediment with cadmium. In conclusion, the three creeks are moderately polluted with metals but consumption of large quantity of the fish species could have high health risk. Hence, discharge of untreated metals into the water should be precluded.
Bacteriological study of bottom soil of three extensive fish farm ponds
Authors: SULTANA AFRIN , ISLAM MD. NAZRUL , TAZIM MD. FARHAN , SHUFOL MD BADIUL ALAM , UDDIN MD. NAIM , NATASHA FARAH TASNOVA
Published: July 2021

The study was conducted for bacteriological assessment of pond bottom soil (sediment) from three selected fish ponds of Bangladesh Agricultural University. Samples were collected both in winter and summer seasons to see the seasonal variations of some bacterial genera. Physicochemical parameters of the pond water and sediment were also estimated monthly. Sediment samples were collected from the shore and middle zone of the ponds. All sediment samples were acidic. The total viable count of bacteria in pond sediment ranged from (8.5×106) to (4.9×109) cfu/g and bacterial count were higher in summer than in winter. A total of 16 bacterial genera were identified from the sediments. The predominant microflora consisted of Aeromonas, Flavobacterium, Cytophaga, Escherichia, Bacillus, Micrococcus, Staphylococcus, Aerococcus, Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas and Moraxella while the first five listed the greatest abundance. Aeromonas was the most dominant organism. Bacterial diversification was found higher in summer than in winter.