bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Truth in Criminal Law and Procedure: The Erosion of a Fundamental Value
Authors: Weigend Thomas
Published: November 2019

The article deals with the relevance of truth in criminal procedure and criminal law. In criminal procedure, it is important to maintain an honest search for the truth as a distinctive feature of the proceedings. One should therefore be sceptical of shortcuts to justice that rely exclusively on the defendant’s consent as the basis for the court’s judgement. Criminal law has wisely refrained from making lies punishable except in special contexts. Although the ease of spreading lies via the internet leads to extended risks, especially for the political process, criminal prohibition of spreading ‘fake news’ is not advisable, because these efforts tend to be overly broad and promote state censorship.
Development of the Key Performance Indicators for the Assessment of Personnel Management Service Specialists
Authors: Shklyaeva Nadezhda
Published: November 2019

Personnel management services at enterprises are usually attributed to cost centers; specialists are assessed not by the results of the unit, but by the total results of the organization. Therefore, practitioners consider it inappropriate to develop KPI for HR services. The author is sure that diff erentiation of the results of the activities of all specialists is necessary. This article describes the practical results of the development of KPI for professionals working in HR services. The mechanism of differentiation of indicators by posts is presented. The system was developed and tested in one of Surgut’s oil and gas companies. The algorithm presented in the article will help those interested in carrying out similar work in the process of developing their own version of KPI.
Conceptual Model of the Institution of Mentoring in the Public Service
Authors: Kamenev D.
Published: November 2019

The article presents the results of the research of the institutionalization of mentoring in the public service. The main approaches of scientists to the study of mentoring as a professionalization technology of civil servants are considered. The modern practice of introducing mentoring in the public service have been researched, patterns of institutional development of mentoring that shape the social-factorial conditionality of its relevance as an institution have been revealed. Here we analyze the Draft Regulations on Mentoring in the State Civil Service of the Russian Federation. The author proposes steps to improve this document from the standpoint of its practical importance, value performance, and compliance with the objectives set in the Presidential Decree No. 68 of February 21, 2019 “About the professional development of civil servants of the Russian Federation”. The scientifi c novelty consists in the conceptual model proposed by the author for the institute of mentoring in the public service, ensuring the systemic perception of the institute of mentoring in the public service, the introduction of mentoring as a basic personnel technology in the system of personnel management of the public service.
How Do Some Employees Carry Negatives in the Company and What to Do With It?
Authors: Doronina E. , Rakushina E. , Epishkin Yu.
Published: November 2019

The article is devoted to a complex research of the behavior of people, which affects to the colleagues in a team negatively. It is considered such models of behavior as deviant, aggressive and confl ict and also their characteristics. As a result, it was suggested by the authors of this article that this classification is incomplete, in consequence of this fact another model was proposed — “toxic behavior”. The research on the basis of which the conclusion is drawn on expediency of introduction of a new concept is conducted. Distinctive features of toxic behavior are marked out. The methods of limiting infl uence of “toxic behavior” on people around are offered.
Features of the Audit of the Organization Receiving State Assistance in Terms of Transition to a New Accounting Procedure
Authors: Сотникова Людмила , Sotnikova Lyudmila
Published: November 2019

Th e article is devoted to topical issues of audit of organizations-recipients of state aid in terms of voluntary transition to a new accounting procedure established by the Order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated December 4, 2018 No. 248n, which amended the Federal accounting standard (FSB (PBU)) 13/2000 «Accounting of state aid», approved by the order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation No. 92n of October 16, 2000. These amendments for mandatory application shall enter into force on January 1, 2020. However, in 2019, reporting organizations-recipients of state aid could apply the standard with changes voluntarily, indicating this in their accounting policies, as well as disclosing in the accounting (fi nancial) statements for 2019. Th e transition to the new accounting procedure implies a retrospective approach to changing the accounting policy and no special transition period has been established by the Ministry of Finance. Th e article deals with the main theoretical and practical aspects of the new order of accounting and disclosure in the reporting of state aid.
Accounting and Economic Ethics
Authors: Миславская Н. , Mislavskaya N.
Published: November 2019

Th e article analyzes the theoretical substantiation of economic effi ciency in market conditions, characteristic for representatives of the Western European economic school. Solving the problems of inconsistencies between the motives and results of economic actions, the low applicability of the ethical postulates of economic management with the help of a framework order is proposed to be implemented through an accounting system and accounting (fi nancial) reporting. The latter is recommended to use as a toolkit for the implementation of economic ethics in the market model of the economy.
3D Imaging for Nondestructive Testing
Authors: Беллис Мэтт , Bellis Matt
Published: November 2019

The article focuses on two 3D optical imaging technologies and the application of these technologies to nondestructive testing: laser line scanning and structured light. Both technologies determine depth based on triangulation between a light source, the object under inspection, and a camera sensor. Both technologies have demonstrated accuracy, precision, and probabilities of detection sufficient to meet the demands of nondestructive testing. The second part of the article focuses on the application of 3D imaging in the assessment of corrosion on pipelines. In this application, 3D imaging is used to identify areas of corrosion, determine the maximum amount of metal loss, extract the river bottom profile, and calculate the remaining strength of a pipeline.
A Cost-Effect Analysis:
Authors: Arabi Abir
Published: November 2019

College towns are known for their large student populations, strong human capital, and collaborative economic activity. Ideally, they are arenas to expand research and development, given the presence of vibrant academic institutions. One of the themes of this expansion is sustainabilityâ€”-an urban growth objective that emphasizes ecological awareness and strategies to mitigate the effects of climate change. This does not necessarily denote environmental protection alone; it can include a number of goals, including social diversity. The literature shows that sustainability is a complex objective in an urban setting. Consequently, we focus on economic activity aimed at improving soft and hard infrastructure that is strategically aimed at smart growth. To that end, this paper evaluates the economic cost and effect of sustainability strategies in Denton and Austin, Texas. In particular, we look at walkability and public transportation strategies and how they have been instituted in these two college towns. Methodologically, we look at urban transportation design differences between these two cities. Using route maps and user data, we show why Dentonâ€™s sustainability strategies are widely considered more successful than Austinâ€™s, despite the size differential in Austinâ€™s favor. These results can help governments, urban planners, and economists develop strategies to deal with the challenges of urban growth.
Uncompensated Care: How Much is Too Much?
Authors: Hussain Zehra
Published: November 2019

Texas is home to the largest uninsured population in the U.S. Such problems emerge, in large measure, from thestateâ€™s rejection of Medicaid expansion. That decision has prevented Texas from receiving $100 billion in federalcash over a decade. Consequently, the number of uninsured residents either going without local medical care oroverloading adjacent communities is likely to increase. Therefore, this study seeks to explain the implicationsof Medicaid expansion in Denton county. This paper explores the effects of expanding Medicaid and how thatwould affect race, income, and Medicaid eligibility for indigent patients. The results of a Pythonâ€“based simulationshow that, adjusting for Dentonâ€™s population growth at projected levels of uninsured, by 2020 the uncompensatedcare will cost Denton County $42,716,796. This number will continue to rise to a total of $61,462,134 as a resultof ceasing Medicaid expansion and getting rid of the individual mandate. These numbers are important as theyshow the rising costs of uncompensated care that are associated with an increase in population growth.
The Sunny Side Up: An Interdisciplinary Overview of Sunlightâ€™s Effects on our Health
Authors: Toth Joseph
Published: November 2019

Do levels of daily sunlight exposure have a measurable effect on peoplesâ€™ health? I used to live in Michiganwhere it is cloudy seemingly every day. This is drastically different from Texas, where the sun is almost alwaysshining. It is well known that an increase in sunlight exposure can drastically affect oneâ€™s mood; when looking atcloudy areas versus areas full of sunshine, the difference in overall happiness and rates of depression can bequite dramatic. Another factor to consider is that spending more time in direct sunlight can help with vitaminD synthesis. Low vitamin D levels can lead to all sorts of health problems, demonstrating that having directsun exposure has the potential to be very influential in oneâ€™s health. To investigate whether sunlight can have ameasurable impact on peoplesâ€™ health and life expectancies, I collected data on average life expectancies andreported happiness levels for all 50 U.S. States, as well as over 70 cities within the United States. These citieswere grouped together using K-means clustering to control for confounding variables, and then analyzed. Thisallowed for an accurate representation of whether sunlight really does affect oneâ€™s health or not. Data came fromthe United States Census Bureau, the CDC, and other reliable sources. This research highlights how certainclimate areas can affect our health, happiness, and overall life expectancy.
Revamping NetApp’s Service Parts Operations by Process Optimization
Authors: Mo Daniel Y. , Ng Stephen C. H. , Tai David
Published: November 2019

The authors discuss the use of Six Sigma by NetApp, a data storage system provider, to solve the service parts inventory problem in the company’s multiechelon logistics network.
Cuidados a criança em terapia nutricional enteral: conhecimento teórico e prático de técnicos de enfermagem
Authors: Cassemiro Larissa Karoline Dias da silva , Trettene Armando Dos Santos , Bom Gesiane Cristina , Prado Priscila Capelato , Campos Stefanny Maria Santana de , Lima Regina Aparecida Garcia de
Published: November 2019

Objetivo: avaliar e correlacionar o conhecimento teórico e prático dos técnicos de enfermagem sobre assistência de enfermagem à criança em terapia nutricional enteral. Método: estudo analítico, comparativo, realizado com 21 técnicos de enfermagem de um hospital terciário, especializado no atendimento de pacientes com anomalias craniofaciais, realizado entre janeiro e abril de 2015. Para a coleta de dados, foram utilizadas entrevista estruturada, guiada por um instrumento elaborado pelos pesquisadores, e observação direta. Considerou-se como conhecimento satisfatório >70%. Para a análise estatística utilizou-se a Correlação de Pearson com nível de significância de 5%. O estudo foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa. Resultados: o acerto teórico foi de 74% enquanto o prático foi de 71%. Verificou-se que quanto maior o conhecimento teórico, maior foi o prático (p<0,001). Conclusão: em geral, os técnicos de enfermagem apresentaram conhecimento satisfatório, tanto prático, quanto teórico, referente à assistência de enfermagem a crianças em terapia nutricional enteral.
Crenças de pessoas com insuficiência cardíaca relacionadas à ingesta de sal
Authors: Sousa Mailson Marques de , Gouveia Bernadete De Lourdes André , Almeida Taciana Da Costa Farias , Freire Maria Eliane Moreira , Oliveira Simone Helena Dos Santos
Published: November 2019

Objetivo: analisar as crenças comportamentais, normativas e de controle relacionadas à redução do consumo de sal na dieta de pessoas com insuficiência cardíaca (IC). Método: estudo com abordagem quantiqualitativa norteado pela Theory of Planned Behavior, realizado mediante entrevista individual com 26 pessoas com IC em seguimento ambulatorial, no período de janeiro a fevereiro de 2018, no município de João Pessoa. Foram aplicadas análises estatística e de conteúdo. Resultados: sobressaíram a manutenção da saúde e diminuição do apetite como crenças comportamentais positivas e negativas, respectivamente. Com relação às crenças normativas, cônjuges, filhos e irmãos apresentaram-se como referentes positivos que exercem maior influência na redução de sal. Quanto às crenças de controle, o preparo das refeições pela esposa facilita e a perda do sabor dos alimentos dificulta a execução do comportamento esperado. Conclusão: a análise das crenças permitiu elucidar aquelas que precisam ser fortalecidas e atenuadas frente à redução de sal para controle clínico da IC.
Inovação na sala de aula: como a inovação disruptiva muda a forma de aprender.
Authors: Martins Vivian , Simões da Matta Ana Beatriz
Published: November 2019

Esta resenha destina-se a apresentar a obra “Inovação na sala de aula: como a inovação disruptiva muda a forma de aprender”, de Cleyton Christensen, Michael B. Horn e Curtis W. Johnson. Discute-se o ensejo dos autores em aplicar a teoria da disrupção, oriunda da esfera mercadológica, ao espaço escolar, a fim de que se contemple o êxito dos processos de ensino-aprendizagem no sistema público estadunidense. Além disso, realiza-se uma comparação entre a metodologia proposta pelos autores e as pesquisas dos/nos/com os cotidianos escolares. Por meio deste embasamento teórico, criticam-se não somente a postura externa dos autores aos fenômenos escolares em seu percurso de pesquisa, como também a imposição da necessidade de quantificação e controle do espaço educacional.
Ativismo em rede e pedagogia decolonial articulados por mulheres negras no YouTube
Authors: Paz Tatiana Santos da , Rodrigues Eduardo Santos Junqueira
Published: November 2019

Este trabalho demonstra como o ativismo em rede de mulheres negras vlogueiras no YouTube articula processos associados a uma pedagogia decolonial. A pesquisa qualitativa abrangeu o estudo de três canais de mulheres negras no YouTube, onde foram coletados dados sobre 32 vídeos publicados e sobre as demais interações que ocorreram entre elas e seguidores dos canais. A coleta de dados foi realizada através da realização de entrevistas semiestruturadas com as mesmas e da observação das atividades ocorridas nos canais. Esse ativismo produziu aprendizagens para elas e para os seguidores dos canais na perspectiva de uma pedagogia decolonial, que ocorreu particularmente ao questionarem e debaterem sobre os padrões estéticos de beleza construídos na base de uma sociedade racista e excludente.
The Northern Healthcare model of enhanced supported living
Authors: Gournay Kevin , Winstanley Kelly , Mancey-Johnson Ashley , Tracey Noel
Published: November 2019

This article explains the need for many people with serious and enduring mental ill health, who are in receipt of community mental health care, to receive support with housing and activities of daily living. The article goes on to argue that those in this population deserve to be recognised as autonomous tenants in their accommodation, rather than as ‘patients receiving support’. This is an important distinction as although many people with long-term mental ill health are discharged from hospital to ‘supported accommodation’, in practice this often means that the landlord is just a landlord and property owner and nothing more, and that the ‘support’ received is often minimal. This article describes a UK-wide network of ‘enhanced supported living’ facilities that has been developed to meet the needs that will inevitably arise with this population. Because of the presence of this infrastructure, the responsible clinicians and commissioners can be confident that the tenant is being provided with an optimum level of support and that an agreed support plan is in place that addresses all identified needs. Communication with clinicians and commissioners is facilitated by a bespoke IT system. In addition, each tenant is assessed, in respect of met and unmet needs, quality of life and other important variables. The resulting datasets are being collated and analysed, with the intention of publishing long-term outcomes. The outcome data will be unique, as research on this topic has been very limited.
Peri-implant disease part 2: management of peri-implant disease
Authors: Daly Alex , McCracken Giles
Published: November 2019

Unfortunately, peri-implant disease is a common clinical finding in patients with dental implants. Whilst preventive and supportive regimens are best practice, many patients still present with signs of peri-implant disease. Treatment options include non-surgical or surgical approaches but there does not appear to be a consensus for management of these challenging conditions. This paper discusses the current management options of peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: This paper discusses the management of peri-implant diseases placing emphasis on regular supportive care and follow up.
What do children show us?
Authors: Allingham Sue
Published: November 2019

In the final part of her series, Sue Allingham explains that ‘impact’ on learning can only be achieved when we understand what children bring with them – in other words, their cultural capital.
Becoming a sociable being
Authors: Brown Paula
Published: November 2019

Understanding children's core emotions and how they relate to the development of their social brain is crucial for practitioners who need to support children's co-regulation and social development.
‘I haven't looked back’
Authors: Rook Olivia
Published: November 2019

Children at Little Forest Folk spend their days exploring the great outdoors. Conor Williams (below), manager of the Wandsworth site, explains why this is so valuable for their learning and how they will be celebrating the natural world this winter.
Compulsory vaccinations should be ‘the last resort’
Authors: Bedford Helen
Published: November 2019

With illnesses such as measles being highly infectious, even a small decline in uptake can have terrible consequences. Despite increasing numbers of cases in the UK, Professor Helen Bedford argues that mandatory vaccination is not the answer.
A national disgrace
Authors: Noon Ian
Published: November 2019

For a long time, schools, parents and local authorities have struggled with a SEND system ‘broken by years of underinvestment’. With a new report finally shining a light on these issues, it is time for the Government to act and improve provision.
We need more men!
Authors: Lawson Deborah
Published: November 2019

Something needs to change to break the negative cycles that exclude men from the early years workforce. We need a national pay, conditions and career structure – and we need it now.
Kicking around
Authors: Clarke Jenni
Published: November 2019

Try stopping a young child from kicking a fir cone, stone or ball – it's not easy. There is a natural tendency for children to interact with their environment and the objects in it, so encourage them and support their skills by playing football.
The prevalence of pressure ulcers in Europe, what does the European data tell us: a systematic review
Authors: Moore Zena , Avsar Pinar , Conaty Laura , Moore David Hugh , Patton Declan , O'Connor Tom
Published: November 2019

Objective:

The main aim of this systematic review was to establish the prevalence of pressure ulcers (PU) within published studies from Europe.

Method:

Using systematic review methodology, quantitative design studies which explored prevalence data and/or the epidemiology of PUs in Europe were considered. The primary outcome was PU prevalence. The search, conducted in April 2019, using Cochrane, Medline, Embase, CINAHL, PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases, returned 3065 records, of which 79 met the inclusion criteria. Data were extracted using a pre-designed extraction tool, and validity analysis was undertaken using the Evidence-Based Librarianship (EBL) Critical Appraisal Checklist.

Results:

We included 79 articles in this review. Across the studies, the median prevalence was 10.8% (standard deviation: 7%; range: 4.6–27.2%). The highest PU prevalence reported was from the Netherlands (27.2%; n=17,494 participants), and the lowest was reported from Finland (4.6%; n=629 participants). Almost 32.4% (n=151,195) of the PUs were category I and the most common site for PUs was the sacrum.

Conclusion:

The prevalence data is consistently high. These data indicate the continued need for further resource allocation into PU prevention and management
Evaluation of a relationship between malocclusion and idiopathic scoliosis in children and adolescents
Authors: Laskowska M. , Olczak-Kowalczyk D. , Zadurska M. , Czubak J. , Czubak-Wrzosek M. , Walerzak M. , Tyrakowski M.
Published: November 2019

Purpose

Idiopathic scoliosis is a developmental deformation of the vertebral column of an unknown aetiology. Its clinical symptoms and hypothetical causative factors may affect the stomatognathic system. The aim of this study was to analyse the relationships between the prevalence and type of malocclusions, and the presence of idiopathic scoliosis, its location and severity.

Methods

This was a prospective longitudinal study. The study group consisted of 80 patients with idiopathic scoliosis and the control group of 61 healthy individuals. Standard standing long-cassette radiographs were taken of all of the patients in the idiopathic scoliosis group in order to confirm diagnosis, to determine localization and the Cobb angle of the curve. Both groups underwent standard clinical dental examination.

Results

The most commonly observed types included right main thoracic (R-MT) and thoracolumbar or left lumbar scoliosis (Cobb angle 11° to 125°). In the idiopathic scoliosis group, prevalence of malocclusions was greater than in the control group (95% versus 82%). In the idiopathic scoliosis group more than one type of malocclusion was observed with a higher incidence than that in the control group (63.8% versus 37.7%; p = 0.002). A correlation between the left proximal thoracic (L-PT) curve with anterior partial open bite was demonstrated (p = 0.323), between thoracic dextroscoliosis main thoracic with lateral partial cross bite (p = 0.230) and a correlation between scoliosis severity and malocclusion in the event of L-PT and anterior partial open bite (p = 0.330) and R-MT and scissors bite (p = 0.248).

Conclusion

The incidence of malocclusions is greater in children with idiopathic scoliosis than in their healthy peers

Level of Evidence

III
Enteric Methane Emissions of Beef Cows Grazing Tallgrass Prairie Pasture on the Southern Great Plains
Authors: Todd Richard W. , Moffet Corey , Neel James P. S. , Turner Kenneth E. , Steiner Jean L. , Cole N. Andy
Published: November 2019

Highlights

Enteric methane (CH4) from beef cows on pasture was measured over three seasons using three methods.

Methods yielded similar results during the summer grazing season but diverged in autumn and winter seasons.

Emission averaged 0.34, 0.27, and 0.29 kg CH4 cow-1 during lactation, mid-gestation, and late gestation, respectively.

Annualized enteric methane emission rate for a beef cow herd grazing tallgrass prairie was 0.32 kg d-1 cow-1.

Abstract. Methane (CH4) is an important greenhouse gas, and about 20% of the carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e) greenhouse gases emitted by U.S. agriculture are attributed to enteric CH4 produced by grazing beef cattle. Grazing cattle are mobile point sources of methane and present challenges to quantifying the enteric methane emission rate (MER). In this study, we applied three methods to measure herd-scale and individual-animal MER for a herd of beef cows grazing a native tallgrass prairie: a point source method that used forward-mode dispersion analysis and open-path lasers and cow locations, an open chamber breath analysis system (GreenFeed), and an eddy covariance ratio method that used the ratio of CH4 and CO2 mass fluxes. Three campaigns were conducted during the early season (July), late season (October), and dormant season (February). The point source and GreenFeed methods yielded similar MER (±SD) values during the early season campaign: 0.38 ±0.04 and 0.34 ±0.05 kg d-1 cow-1, respectively. However, the MER values from the two methods diverged in subsequent seasons. The GreenFeed MER decreased through the late and dormant seasons to 0.23 ±0.03 and 0.19 ±0.03 kg d-1 cow-1, respectively. In contrast, the point source MER stayed the same during the late season and increased during the dormant season to 0.41 ±0.07 kg d-1 cow-1. The CH4:CO2 ratio method, which was used only during the dormant season, yielded a MER of 0.29 ±0.05 kg d-1 cow-1. The point source and GreenFeed methods measured different MER (integrated herd-scale versus a subset of individual animals) and likely sampled methane emissions at different times during the day. We conclude that the point source method tended to overestimate emissions, and the GreenFeed method tended to underestimate emissions. Enteric methane emissions from beef cows over the three grazing seasons averaged 0.39 and 0.25 kg d-1 cow-1 as measured by the point source and GreenFeed methods, respectively. An annualized enteric MER for a beef cow herd grazing tallgrass prairie was 0.32 kg d-1 cow-1. Quantifying enteric methane emissions from grazing beef cows remains a challenge because of the mobile, often dispersed behavior of grazing cattle and the dynamic interactions of forage quality, dry matter intake, and changing physiological state of cows during the year. Keywords: Beef cows, Enteric methane, Forage quality, Grazing, Tallgrass prairie.
Avaliação da ecoeficiencia na intermodalidade para o transporte regional de carga – o caso do calcário siderúrgico
Authors: Oliveira Cintia Machado , D' Agosto Marcio De Almeida , Santos Guilherme Anselmo Guimarães dos , Goes George Vasconcelos , Marujo Lino Guimarães , Gonçalves Daniel Neves Schmitz , Costa Mariane Gonzalez da
Published: November 2019

Objetivou-se propor um procedimento que possibilite a escolha de alternativas para o transporte de produto de baixo valor agregado que apresente desempenho superior à alternativa de transporte especializado. Tal procedimento mostrou-se simples, dependendo apenas da disponibilidade de dados que podem ser obtidos a partir do monitoramento das operações de transporte e da estimativa de fatores de emissão de poluentes atmosféricos e GEE que podem ser obtidos em inventários de emissões produzidos por instituições públicas. A aplicação do procedimento ao caso do transporte de calcário, na Região Sudeste do Brasil, demonstrou que a alternativa de transporte especializado, embora atenda aos requisitos tradicionais do transporte de produtos de baixo valor agregado, por utilizar o transporte ferroviário por cerca de 90% do percurso, apresenta desempenho inferior a duas das alternativas não usuais de transporte. Ao introduzir o aspecto ambiental verificou-se que a melhor escolha seria a alternativa de transporte não usual do tipo rodo-ferro-rodo com container.
Metformin Is Associated With Reduced Odds for Colorectal Cancer Among Persons With Diabetes
Authors: Demb Joshua , Yaseyyedi Armaan , Liu Lin , Bustamante Ranier , Earles Ashley , Ghosh Pradipta , Gutkind J. Silvio , Gawron Andrew J. , Kaltenbach Tonya R. , Martinez Maria Elena , Gupta Samir
Published: November 2019

INTRODUCTION:

Metformin may be associated with reduced colorectal cancer (CRC) risk, but findings from previous studies have been inconsistent and had insufficient sample sizes to examine whether the association differs by anatomic site. This study examined whether metformin was associated with reduced CRC risk, both overall and stratified by anatomic site, in a large sample of persons with diabetes who underwent colonoscopy.

METHODS:

We performed a case-control study of US Veterans with prevalent diabetes who underwent colonoscopy between 1999 and 2014 using Department of Veterans Affairs electronic health record data. Cases were defined by presence of CRC at colonoscopy, while controls had normal colonoscopy. The primary exposure was metformin use at time of colonoscopy (yes/no). Association of metformin exposure with CRC (further stratified by proximal, distal, or rectal subsite) was examined using multivariable and multinomial logistic regression and summarized by odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

RESULTS:

We included 6,650 CRC patients and 454,507 normal colonoscopy patients. CRC cases were older and had lower metformin exposure. Metformin was associated with 8% relative reduction in CRC odds (OR: 0.92, 95% CI: 0.87–0.96). By subsite, metformin was associated with a 14% statistically significant reduced rectal cancer odds (OR: 0.86, 95% CI: 0.78–0.94) but no reduced distal or proximal cancer odds.

DISCUSSION:

Metformin was associated with reduced CRC odds—particularly rectal cancer—in a large sample of persons with diabetes undergoing colonoscopy.
THE EFFECT OF SOIL GRAIN SIZE ON THE DEFORMATION PROPERTIES OF REINFORCED GEOCELL LAYERS
Authors: Luňáčková Barbara , Mohyla Marek , Pinka Miroslav
Published: November 2019

The effect of backfill material grading on the behaviour of geocell reinforced layers was experimentally investigated in this study. A series of loading tests were performed on a model with geocell reinforced and unreinforced layers. Five types of crushed aggregates were used as backfill materials in the experiment. The results showed that geocell reinforcement increased the deformation parameters. The rate of increase of the deformation characteristics depended on the backfill material grading.
El principio del mal. Rousseau, Constant y la Revolución
Authors: Ferrero Maximiliano
Published: November 2019

El presente trabajo aborda las ideas políticas de Benjamin Constant sobre la Revolución Francesa. Constant es uno de los pensadores más representativos del escenario posrevolucionario francés que ha contribuido a delinear el corpus filosófico del liberalismo clásico. Intentaremos mostrar básicamente dos puntos a partir de los textos que el autor produjo entre Termidor y los primeros años del Imperio: primero, Constant no condena la Revolución Francesa, sino que su filosofía es una defensa de los principios de la Declaración de 1789. Segundo, su crítica se dirige básicamente al denominado “Terror” revolucionario y a sus máximos responsables, los jacobinos. Para ello, Constant entrará en disputa con algunos principios de la filosofía política de Rousseau y por cómo los mismos han sido utilizados por el jacobinismo. Hemos dividido este artículo en tres partes: en la primera analizaremos las nuevas formas de la lectura en la segunda mitad del siglo XVIII que permitieron una amplia divulgación en Francia de las obras de Rousseau. En la segunda, analizaremos el impacto de la filosofía del ginebrino en el ambiente revolucionario, especialmente en el punto más álgido de la hegemonía jacobina. Finalmente, atenderemos al posicionamiento de Constant en torno a la Revolución, Rousseau y los revolucionarios.
The Latin and the Old English Versions of St Augustine’s Prayer in his Soliloquia: A Study and a Rhetorical Synopsis
Authors: Sauer Hans
Published: November 2019

A special kind of a short text that is embedded in a larger text is the prayer near the beginning of St Augustine’s Soliloquia, which serves as a kind of introduction to the ensuing dialogue. The relatively independent nature of this prayer was recognized early on, and in addition to its transmission in the manuscripts of the Soliloquia it has also been transmitted as an independent prayer. Something similar happened to the Old English translation. There is a full translation of the entire text, traditionally ascribed to King Alfred (and his learned helpers), but preserved only in a much later manuscript (London, British Library, Cotton Vitellius A.xv); however, a shortened version of the prayer was included in a collection of brief penitential texts in an earlier manuscript (London, British Library, Cotton Tiberius A.iii).

In the present article I look at the structure of the Latin prayer and at its Old English translation, especially the relation of the two manuscript versions and their value for textual criticism and the reconstruction of the original version, their relation to the Latin source, and the rhetoric of the Latin prayer and its Old English translation, including a brief discussion of the binomials used. The Appendix provides a synoptic version of the Latin text and the two manuscript versions of the Old English translation, highlighting their rhetorical structure, something that to my knowledge has never been done for the Old English translation.
Towards an optimization of the formulation of geopolymers in the fresh state: Rheological approach
Authors: Lahlou Nouha , Touhami Mohamed Ouazzani , Hattaf Rabii , Moussa Redouane
Published: November 2019

In this work, we are interested in describing the evolution of the rheological behavior of geopolymer materials since their elaboration until the start of their kinetics of setting. We considered the case where these materials are obtained from the dissolution of a quantity S of metakaolin in a quantity L of alkaline activation solution (sodium-based). In this context and for all the values of the structural identification parameters P = (% Na2O) and R3 = (L/S) in our experiments, it has been established that the rheological behavior is described by the viscoplastic Herschel-Bulkley model. In particular, we have been able to determine how rheological parameters of the model are affected by variations of P and / or R3. For the considered formulations, this analysis is of importance insofar as it was at the base of the identification of critical values of P and R3. Moreover, we verified that for these values, the setting time is maximum. This result is retained to define the optimized formulation of our materials.
‘Discrete’ and ‘Relational’ Approaches in Implied Contractual Relationships
Authors: Fondrieschi Alba F.
Published: November 2019

In the commercial field, the practice of doing business through a series of fixed-term contracts that are renewed from time to time between the same parties, but not expressed in any framework contract, is a fairly frequent phenomenon – usually known as ‘implied contractual relationships’ or ‘implicit contracts’ – which, however, does not seem to be always recognised in the courtrooms of many legal systems.

It is usually believed that a ‘discrete’ approach to the contract – to recall Macneil’s famous distinction between discrete and relational contracts – can more easily result in the non-recognition of the legal value of implicit contractual relationships, while a ‘relational’ perspective would allow to look more closely at the economic transaction as a whole, thus leading to the acknowledgment of implicit contracts.

In this paper I will try to examine the same issue from the discrete perspective (with reference to the English system), the relational perspective (with reference to the Japanese legal system) and a third perspective taken by the Italian system, in order to show the actual differences between the relational and discrete approaches to the contract and what remedies are most effective.
Contribution of lignin to the stress transfer in compression wood viewed by tensile FTIR loading
Authors: Peng Hui , Salmén Lennart , Jiang Jiali , Lu Jianxiong
Published: November 2019

To achieve efficient utilization of compression wood (CW), a deeper insight into the molecular interactions is necessary. In particular, the role of lignin in the wood needs to be better understood, especially concerning how lignin contributes to its mechanical properties. For this reason, the properties of CW and normal wood (NW) from Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) have been studied on a molecular scale by means of polarized Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, under both static and dynamic loading conditions. Under static tensile loading, only molecular deformations of cellulose were observed in both CW and NW. No participation of lignin could be detected. In relation to the macroscopic strain, the molecular deformation of the cellulose C-O-C bond was greater in NW than in CW as a reflection of the higher microfibril angle and the lower load taken up by CW. Under dynamic deformation, a larger contribution of the lignin to stress transfer was detected in CW; the molecular deformation of the lignin being highly related to the amplitude of the applied stress. Correlation analysis indicated that there was a direct coupling between lignin and cellulose in CW, but there was no evidence of such a direct coupling in NW.
Cross-cultural multimodal politeness: The phonetics of Japanese deferential speech in comparison to Korean
Authors: Idemaru Kaori , Winter Bodo , Brown Lucien
Published: November 2019

Pragmatic meanings are not only conveyed through words alone, but also through how words are produced phonetically. The current study investigated phonetic features that characterize the distinction between deferential and non-deferential speech style in Japanese. The Japanese data were then compared to previously published Korean data collected through the same methodology. The results revealed striking similarities between the two languages: Deferential voice is quieter and breathier, and has less fluctuation of pitch and loudness. The common strategy appears to sound calm and soft. Whereas Korean deferential speech was additionally low-pitched, Japanese did not show a consistent relationship between deferential meanings and pitch. The results diverge from the long-held view that Japanese polite speech is high-pitched, and they also deviate from the view that polite speech is universally associated with high pitch. The current findings demonstrate the importance of considering politeness as a complex phenomenon communicated via a number of phonetic cues, rather than a single cue (e. g. pitch). On top of a production study, we performed a perception study which showed that Japanese politeness, just as was shown for Korean politeness previously, can be perceived through vocal cues alone. The results also showed that Japanese female speakers do not necessarily do more to sound polite compared to male speakers, also contrary to previous claims.
Determinants of two kinds of matrices whose elements involve sine functions
Authors: Różański Michał
Published: November 2019

The presented paper is strictly connected, among others, with the paper On the sum of some alternating series, Comp. Math. Appl. (2011), written by Wituła and Słota. A problem concerning the form of determinants formulated in the cited paper is solved here. Next, the obtained result is adapted to solve some system of linear equations and the description of the sum of alternating series.
A characterization of translational hulls of a strongly right type B semigroup
Authors: Li Chunhua , Xu Baogen
Published: November 2019

The aim of this paper is to study the translational hull of a strongly right type B semigroup. Our main result is to prove that the translational hull of a strongly right type B semigroup is itself a strongly right type B semigroup. As an application, we give a proof of a problem posted by Petrich on translational hulls of inverse semigroups in Petrich (Inverse Semigroups, Wiley, New York, 1984) to the cases of some strongly right type B semigroups.
Effect of quantized conductivity on the anomalous photon emission radiated from atomic-size point contacts
Authors: Buret Mickaël , Smetanin Igor V. , Uskov Alexander V. , Colas des Francs Gérard , Bouhelier Alexandre
Published: November 2019

We observe anomalous visible to near-infrared electromagnetic emission from electrically driven atomic-size point contacts. We show that the number of photons released strongly depends on the quantized conductance steps of the contact. Counterintuitively, the light intensity features an exponential decay dependence with the injected electrical power. We propose an analytical model for the light emission considering an out-of-equilibrium electron distribution. We treat photon emission as a Bremsstrahlung process resulting from hot electrons colliding with the metal boundary, and find qualitative accord with the experimental data.
Comprehensive utilization of Ganoderma lucidum residues in papermaking
Authors: Sheng Jie , Wang Wei , Ma Qianli , Yang Rendang
Published: November 2019

This study aimed to fully utilize Ganoderma lucidum (called lingzhi in China, reishi in Japan) residues as raw materials and a sizing agent in the papermaking industry to alleviate their environmental pollution and the shortage of papermaking resources. The refined Ganoderma lucidum residues can be used to replace 30 % of the plant pulps. Moreover, the prepared papers had better physical properties than pure plant fiber papers. After polysaccharide extracting, the tear index and folding endurance increased by 26 % and 34 %, respectively. In addition, the Ganoderma lucidum residues-based resin as a sizing agent achieved a similar effect of alkyl ketene dimer (AKD). The Cobb index reduced from

84.1

g

m

−
2

84.1\hspace{0.1667em}\text{g}\hspace{0.1667em}{\text{m}^{-2}}

to

72.5

g

m

−
2

72.5\hspace{0.1667em}\text{g}\hspace{0.1667em}{\text{m}^{-2}}

.
The periodic table of chemical elements – history, nature, meaning
Authors: Balarew Christo
Published: November 2019

By decision of the UN General Assembly 2019 was declared an International Year of the Periodic Table of Chemical Elements. On this occasion, in Bulgaria, an anniversary postage stamp was issued. Search for a link between the properties of the chemical elements and their atomic weight was undertaken before Mendeleev by many chemists. It is characteristic of all these classifications that the observed proximity in the properties of the elements has been attributed to chance. Mendeleev, however, was the only one who perceived that beyond the periodicity of the elements’ properties there is an important natural law. With the discovery of the structure of atoms, the periodic table of chemical elements found its scientific explanation. The periodic table set an important task to chemistry – to look for the relationship between the composition and the properties of the substances, including the disclosure of the regularities which are the basis of the so-called “anomalies”.
Mechanochemical synthesis of zincite doped with cadmium in various amounts
Authors: Kurajica S. , Mandić V. , Matijašić G. , Munda I. K. , Mužina K.
Published: November 2019

This work investigates the limit of Cd doping in ZnO derived by means of mechanochemical synthesis using CdCl2, ZnCl2 and Na2CO3 as precursors and NaCl as diluent. The prepared samples were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transformed infrared attenuated total reflectance (FTIR ATR) spectroscopy, UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS),N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), while photocatalytic efficiency has been evaluated for methylene blue degradation process. Zn for Cd replacement limits in the crystal lattice of ZnO derived via mechanochemical synthesis were found to be only 2%. For Cd present in a larger portion, CdO and CdCO3 phases appear. Cd doping limits in ZnO were not affected by the milling interval. However, it was observed that Cd doping impairs the nanocrystallinity of ZnO. The morphology and the electronic structure of ZnO and thus photocatalytic activity was inappreciably affected by the Cd doping.
Size-dependent vibration analysis of graphene-PMMA lamina based on non-classical continuum theory
Authors: Zeverdejani Mehran Karimi , Beni Yaghoub Tadi
Published: November 2019

This paper studies the free vibration of polymer nanocomposite reinforced by graphene sheet. In this work, the new size dependent formulation is presented for nanocomposites based on couple stress theory. For this purpose, the first shear deformation theory is applied. The effect of scale parameter is investigated based on anisotropic couple stress theory. Vibration equations of the composite lamina are extracted using Hamilton’s principle. Numerical results are provided for Poly methyl methacrylate/graphene composite.Mechanical properties of the composite are obtained from molecular dynamics simulation. Based on eigenvalue procedure, an analytical solution is obtained for the natural frequency of composite lamina. In the results section, the effect of dimensional and physical parameters are investigated on lamina natural frequency. It is observed that graphene defects caused to diminish the lamina frequency. Furthermore, it is revealed that the increase in graphene volume fraction leads to natural frequency be greater.
Rhetorical Structure Theory and coherence break identification
Authors: Skoufaki Sophia
Published: November 2019

This article examines the claim of Rhetorical Structure Theory (RST) that violations of RST diagram formation principles indicate coherence breaks. In doing so, this article makes a significant contribution to the testing of RST. More broadly, it indicates that examining the coherence-break identification potential of coherence theories could help specify each theory’s purview and, in the long term, lead to the creation of hybrid models of coherence. Moreover, it paves the way for the development of training resources on discourse (in)coherence for language teachers, exam markers and language learners. 84 paragraphs written by Taiwanese learners of English were analysed according to RST and coherence measures were calculated on the basis of this analysis. The results suggest that the violation of any diagram-formation principle indicates coherence breaks, thus corroborating this RST claim. Inter- and intrajudge agreement in terms of both RST coding and coherence measures calculated on the basis of coherence breaks are reported and discussed. The kinds of coherence breaks which are and are not located by RST analysis are discussed and exemplified. The paper concludes with a discussion of implications for pedagogy and future research.
According to the Laws Established by the Gods! A Re-Examination of MDP 23, 321+322
Authors: Badamchi Hossein
Published: November 2019

In a recent paper, K. De Graef (2018a) discussed two exceptional seal impressions on tablets from late Sukkalmaḫ Susa and early Kidinuid Haft Tepe. One text carrying the first of the pertinent seals is MDP 23, 321+322, a Susa tablet recording a trial over landed property. Following up De Graef’s study, the present communication re-examines the case and argues that the text deals with a single trial, which most likely was a primary court hearing. Certain exceptional features of the text deserve attention, including the institution of brotherhood, a unique citation of law, and an impressive judicial panel.