bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Using a 1D Radially Symmetric Coda Envelope Model for Robust Moment Magnitude (Mw) Estimation in Iraq’s Tectonically Diverse Zones
Authors: Al-Kaabi Muntadher , Mayeda Kevin , Roman-Nieves Jorge , Chiang Andrea , Mahdi Hanan , Al-Shukri Haydar
Published: September 2024

Robust estimation of moment magnitude (Mw) can be challenging for Iraq due to the strong lateral heterogeneity across diverse tectonic zones. We aim to improve moment magnitude estimation by investigating the reliability of using a 1D coda envelope model in diverse tectonic zones of different lateral effects and offer a way forward for reliable estimates of Mw for small events that are difficult to waveform model. Iraq comprises two main tectonic zones: (1) the Outer platform, consisting of the northwestern Zagros fold-thrust belt and the Mesopotamian foredeep, and (2) the Inner Arabian platform which is overlain by the Iraqi desert. A simple 1D coda envelope model was used because coda waves have a low sensitivity to the source and path heterogeneity. Three separate coda calibrations were conducted to investigate the robustness of a single 1D calibration to fit the country: Whole-region calibration, Zagros calibration, and Mesopotamia calibration. In the whole-region calibration, we used stations from both the Zagros and Mesopotamia zones. In the two other calibration models, we used only stations that were in those particular zones. Ground-truth reference spectra derived from the coda spectral ratio method were used to constrain high-frequency site terms. There was no drastic difference when comparing the moment magnitudes calculated from the waveform modeling and the three calibration models. The results show that the 1D coda envelope model is a reliable method even for a region with diverse tectonic zones. Hence, we recommend using the whole-region calibration model for moment magnitude estimation that provides more complete path coverage and avoids biases introduced by path correction failures. The proposed calibration is a fundamental step in updating the comprehensive earthquake catalog and probabilistic seismic hazard assessments for Iraq.
Masalah infeksi Palpebra pada Lanjut Usia
Authors: Amalia Husnun , Pratiwi Megawati Yulia Wina , Mustopa Ita Tazkiatul Izzati
Published: September 2024

Blefaritis adalah infeksi kelopak mata yang kejadiannya meningkat sejalan usia. Infeksi ini dapat menyebabkan blefaritis anterior dan posterior, dan disebabkan oleh bakteri, virus, jamur dan parasit. Bakteri yang paling sering menyebabkan blefaritis adalah Staphylococcus. Blefaritis yang tidak disebabkan oleh infeksi adalah blefaritis alergi.  Patofisilogi pada blefaritis anterior adalah terjadinya kolonisasi bakteri yang memicu respon inflamasi berlebihan, sedangkan pada blefaritis posterior terutama oleh penurunan dari kualitas kelenjar meibom yang menyebabkan dry eye dan menimbulkan gesekan pada konjungtiva dan kornea sehingga menimbulkan inflamasi. Gejala blefaritis adalah ketidaknyamanan pada permukaan kelopak seperti gatal, rasa panas, mengganjal, mata berair dan lain-lain. Faktor risiko infeksi ini anatara lain dermatitis seborrheic, acne rosasea, alergi kontak, diabetes melitus, iritasi bahan kimia, hygiene yang buruk, sosisal ekonomi rendah, kosmetik dan lanjut usia. Diagnosis dapat ditegakkan berdasarkan anamnesis dan pemeriksaan ofthalmologi yang dapat dilakukan oleh dokter umum atau dokter spesialis mata. Berdasarkan diagnosis selanjutnya diberikan tatalaksana agar tidak terjadi komplikasi. Tatalaksana yang dapat diberikan adalah menjaga hiegienitas kelopak mata, kompres hangat, tidak mengucek mata, pemberian antibiotika topical (pada blefaritis anterior) dan dapat ditambah antibiotika sistemik (Blefaritis posterior). Komplikasi yang dapat terjadi adalah ketidaknormalan bulu mata, malposisi pungtum lakrimal, malposisi kelopak mata, hordeolum berulang, keratitis, dry eye, keratopati, ulkus kornea dan kekeruhan kornea yang dapat mengakibatkan gangguan fungsi penglihatan.
The Analysis of Work Fatigue and Proposed Improvement Using the Bourdon Wiersma Method and New Seven Tools
Authors: Devani Vera , Maypando Abim Wahyu
Published: September 2024

Background
Employees of Public Relations work for 8 hours starting at 08.00-16.00, so it can lead to the work fatigue. Work fatigue is the condition of decreased efficiency and resilience of a person at work. Work fatigue can be caused by internal factors and external factors.The research that will be carried out is to analyze work fatigue and proposed improvements using the Bourdon Wiersma method and the New Seven Tools.
Methods
The method used to solve the problem is the Bourdon Wiersma method and New Seven Tools, using the Bourdon Wiersma Type Test GBT questionnaire.  The respondents were 8 employees of the Public Relations division who work using computers. The aim of this research is to determine the level of speed, level of accuracy and level of consistency before and after activities, and work fatigue. Data analysis using several tools from New Seventools, namely Relationship Diagrams and Tree Diagrams.
Results
Based on research, the average fatigue score for speed before work  was found that the average time speed for before work is 9.69 seconds with the value of speed interpretation (value 9, and WS = 14) including group B (Good), for after work was 10.05 seconds with a speed interpretation value (8.5, and WS = 13) including the CB class (Good Enough). The average accuracy for before work is 22.4 seconds with an interpretation accuracy value (value 5, and WS = -) including group R (Doubtful), for after work was 23 with an interpretation accuracy value (value 4.5, and WS = 7) included to group K (less). The average constant for before work was 11.58 with a constant interpretation value (value 5, and WS = -) including group R (Doubtful), for after work was 7.59 seconds with a constant interpretation value (value 5.5, and WS = 8) belongs to group R (Doubtful). Based on the Anova Test, the correlation value on the velocity variable was 0.937 with a very strong correlation level. The correlation value on the accuracy variable was 0.666 with a strong correlation level. The correlation value of the constant variable was 0.797 with a strong correlation level.
Conclusions
The main cause of fatigue in Public Relations employees is workload. The main cause of burnout in Public Relations employees is workload. The proposed improvement uses a Tree Diagram to reduce fatigue in Public Relations employees.
Pengaruh Cotrimoxazole Terhadap Perkembangan Neural Tube Embrio Ayam
Authors: Pamuji Alifia Shafanaura , Fauziah Cut , Tjang Yanto Sandy , Thadeus Maria Selvester
Published: September 2024

Latar Belakang
Di Indonesia, kejadian kelainan bawaan masih sangat tinggi. Neural Tube Defect (NTD) adalah  salah satu kelainan bawaan yang banyak terjadi. Neural Tube Defect terjadi akibat gagalnya penutupan dari lempeng saraf. Salah satu faktor risiko NTD adalah defisiensi asam folat. Pemakaian obat di masa kehamilan merupakan salah satu faktor risiko kelainan bawaan. Cotrimoxazole adalah obat anti-folat yang masih pro-kontra terkait potensinya untuk menyebabkan NTD. Perkembangan otak embrio manusia dapat disimulasi menggunakan embrio ayam. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek Cotrimoxazole terhadap perkembangan neural tube embrio ayam.
Metode
Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan post-test only control group design. Jumlah sampel 30 telur berembrio dan pengambilan sampel menggunakan metode simple random sampling. Dosis Cotrimoxazole yang digunakan adalah 0; 60; dan 120 mg/kg tiap telur kemudian telur diinkubasi selama 72 jam. Pengambilan data pada penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menilai perkembangan neural tube yaitu berupa pembentukan  5 vesikel otak embrio ayam setelah 72 jam inkubasi melalui pemeriksaan histopatologi dengan pewarnaan Hematoxylin-eosin dan dengan menggunakan alat mikroskop cahaya. Analisis data berdasarkan karakteristik sampel dan analisis bivariat menggunakan uji komparatif Kruskal-Wallis disertai uji Post-Hoc.
Hasil
Pada penelitian ini, sebanyak 11 dari 30 telur dapat dianalisa. Hasil didapatkan melalui observasi jumlah vesikel otak. Terdapat perbedaan jumlah vesikel otak yang signifikan (p = 0.046) antar kelompok penelitian dari uji Kruskal-Wallis.
Kesimpulan
Pemberian Cotrimoxazole memperlihatkan adanya efek terhadap perkembangan neural tube embrio ayam jika dibandingkan dengan kontrol.
Matos-Carvalho Index as a Comparison to other Discriminant Indexes in Initial Beta Thalassemia
Authors: Mulyadi Mulyadi , Mulyati Mulyati , Ratnaningsih Tri , Harahap Nur Imma , Lesmana Indra , Handayani Niken Satuti Nur
Published: September 2024

Background
Microcytic hypochromic anemia is the most common type of anemia found in Beta Thalassemia Trait and Iron Deficiency Anemia, posing a diagnostic challenge due to their similar presentations. Diagnostic errors among them can lead to incorrect treatment, potentially resulting in fatal outcomes. In Indonesia HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography) usage as gold standard for discrimination between these diseases are expensive. Discrimination indices offer an alternative for cheaper and effective initial screening. However, a comprehensive performance evaluation of those indices, such as Matos and Carvalho indices, alongside Mentzer index, Green and King index, England and Fraser index, RBC index, Shine and Lal index, and Srivastava index, has not been conducted in Indonesia. This study aims to determine the best discriminative performance index based on the highest Youden’s indes value between those seven indices.
Methods
Study consisted of 30 subjects of beta thalassemia trait and 35 subjects of iron deficiency anemia. Index calculations were performed using blood profile formulas and compared with gold standard test results to find each index sensitivity, specificity, and Youden’s index value.
Results
Matos and Carvalho indices exhibited superior discriminatory performance, achieving 80% sensitivity, 77.1% specificity, and a Youden's index of 57.14%. Among other indices, the RBC index demonstrated the highest sensitivity (90%), while the Green and King index excelled in specificity (97.14%). MCV and MCH values did not significantly differ between BTT and IDA groups.
Conclusions
The study's findings underscore the efficacy of Matos and Carvalho indices in discriminating BTT and IDA in this study population, highlighting their potential as valuable tools in initial screening efforts.
Hubungan Antara Self-Esteem Dengan Gangguan Emosional Pada Remaja SMA
Authors: Hendrianto Rifat Adi , Istriana Erita
Published: September 2024

Latar Belakang
Remaja merupakan individu yang mengalami perubahan dan tantangan signifikan termasuk perubahan fisik, emosional, dan sosial yang dapat memengaruhi self-esteem dan kondisi kesehatan mentalnya. Ketidakmampuan dalam menghadapi tantangan tersebut dapat menyebabkan mereka mengalami gangguan emosional seperti gangguan depresi, gangguan cemas, dan stres. Salah satu faktor yang dapat memicu timbulnya gangguan emosional adalah rendahnya self-esteem yang merupakan persepsi seseorang terhadap dirinya sendiri. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan antara self-esteem dengan gangguan emosional pada remaja SMA.
Metode
Penelitian ini menggunakan studi analitik observasional dengan desain cross-sectional. Penelitian dilakukan pada siswa/i SMAN 23 Jakarta, dan melibatkan 131 responden, yang dipilih menggunakan metode consecutive random sampling. Pengukuran dilakukan dengan kuesioner RSES (Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale) untuk menilai self-esteem dan DASS-21 (Depression Anxiety Stress Scale) untuk menilai gangguan emosional. Analisis data menggunakan CPPS V 25.0 dan tingkat kemaknaan yang digunakan < 0,05.
Hasil
Hasil penelitian dianalisis dengan uji Pearson chi-square dan tidak ditemukan hubungan yang bermakna antara tingkat kelas dengan gangguan emosional, baik depresi (p=0.691), kecemasan (p=0.969), dan stress (p=0.313). Selain itu, tidak ditemukan juga hubungan yang bermakna antara indeks massa tubuh dengan gangguan emosional berupa depresi (p=0.962), kecemasan (p=0.257), dan stress (p=0.975). Namun terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara jenis kelamin dengan gangguan emosional, pada depresi (p=0.011), kecemasan (p=0.000), dan stres (p=0.009). Selain itu, terdapat pula hubungan yang bermakna antara self-esteem dengan gangguan emosional: depresi (p=0.002), kecemasan (p=0.029), dan stres (p=0.002).
Kesimpulan
Pada penelitian ini tidak didapatkan hubungan antara tingkat kelas dan indeks massa tubuh dengan gangguan emosional. Namun, didapatkan hubungan bermakna antara jenis kelamin dan self-esteem dengan gangguan emosional pada siswa/i SMAN 23 Jakarta.
Eyelid Dermoid Cyst: A Case Report
Authors: Witjaksana Riani , Amalia Husnun , Hairunisa Nany , Kartadinata Erlani , Adhiwardan Anggraeni , Prasetyaningsih Noviani
Published: September 2024

Dermoid and epidermoid cysts are prevalent benign orbital tumors in childhood, representing 3-9% of pediatric ocular tumors. Occasionally, dermoid cysts can attain significant size, leading to cosmetic deformities. A precise surgical approach to dermoid cysts can lead to considerable cosmetic improvement for the patient.
A 19-year-old female presented with swelling in the outer corner of her left eye, accompanied by minor discomfort in the affected area. Upon ophthalmologic examination 1.5x1 cm masses were detected in the upper left eyelid near the lateral canthus Clinical diagnosis of Dermoid cyst left eye upper eyelid made. Subsequently, a surgical excision under general anesthesia was scheduled. During the procedure, the cyst was successfully excised while preserving the cyst wall integrity.
The conclusion is imperative for ophthalmologists to recognize the necessity of precisely performing surgical excision of these cysts to achieve favorable functional and aesthetic outcomes.
Epidemiological, clinical, therapeutic and developmental aspects of acute renal failure in children at the Mother-Child University Hospital Center Jeanne Ebori Foundation from 2021 to 2022
Authors: Lembet Mikolo Aude M. , Koumba Manga Anna , Midili Larissa T. , Mintsa-Mi-Nkama Edmée J. , Mabery Grodet Adryana M. , Kiba Live G. , Koumba Maniaga Raissa , Mboungani Morgane , Pemba Mihindou Mireille , Medza M'Ella Roselyne , Mve Abagha Regis , Eyi Carine , Aloli Nathalie , Nguemou Mba Nathalie , Kuissi Eliane , Ategbo Simon
Published: September 2024

Background: Acute renal failure (ARF) is a major public health problem. Little is known about its prevalence in children. The aim of this study is to describe the epidemiological aspects of acute renal failure in children at the Mother-Child CHU Jeanne Ebori Foundation (CHUMEFJE) from 2021 to 2022.
Methods: This was a retrospective study conducted over 12 months at the CHUMEFJE. All children aged between one month and 18 years with ARF, defined as creatinine clearance <100 ml/min/1.73m2 or hourly diuresis <0.5 ml/kg for more than 6 hours, were included. Data analysis was performed using EPI info 7.2.2.
Results: Out of 3202 children, 251 had ARF, i.e. a prevalence of 7.8%. A total of 243 children were included. The mean age was 2.1±3.6 years. The 0-5 age group accounted for 85.6%. Clinical signs were dominated by AEG (88.5%), fever (85.6%) and dehydration (54.7%). ARF was functional (85.2%). The main causes were AEG (56.4%), malaria (26.3%) and urinary tract infection (5%). Eight (8) patients were on haemodialysis. Cure was noted in 63.8% of cases. Death was attributed mainly to the patient's past history. AEG was the main cause of AKI in the under-5s, and malaria in the 10-15 age group (p<0.001).
Conclusion: ARI is a global public health problem. Low socio-economic status and inadequate technical facilities complicate management.
Pattern of admission and outcome at a newly established sickle cell center in Nigeria
Authors: Ighosewe Peace A. , Ajaegbu Obinna C. , Okwudinka Ifeoma O. , Ezeonwu Bertilla U. , Ofudu Prince O. , Mbagwu Nkemjika E. , Ogbangwo Helen O. , Enyadike Agatha U.
Published: September 2024

Background: Sickle cell disease (SCD) encompasses a group of autosomal recessive haemoglobinopathies whose genetic mutation leads to the replacement of glutamic acid by valine in position 6 of the beta-globin chain. Most of the world’s SCD burden is in Africa, where it is a major contributor to childhood morbidity and mortality. The study is aimed at determining the pattern of admission and outcome of patients seen at the sickle cell center Asaba, over a two-year period January 2022 to December 2023.
Methods: This was a retrospective descriptive study of children with SCD admitted into the sickle cell center of the Asaba specialist hospital. Information obtained included age, gender, diagnosis, month and year of admission, and outcome. Descriptive statistics was used to describe the demographic characteristics and chi-square to assess their association.
Results: A total of 338 children were seen, 34.5% of the patients were less than 5 years of age; males were 52.6% while 61.6% of the admission occurred during the rainy season. Vaso-occlusive crisis (80.6%) was the most common crisis seen; malaria (51.9%) was the prominent diagnosis made. Case fatality rate was 1.7%.
Conclusions: SCD s remains a major source of admission and mortality in our environment. A comprehensive SCD care plan is needed to reduce the adverse consequences associated with this disease.
Spinal dysraphism in children: 3 years experience
Authors: Shahinoor A. M. , Siddiqui M. T. H. , Alam Shoheli , Islam M. Nazrul , Islam M. Nazrul , Ara Rowson , Islam Tanjirul , Zafar Syeda Sushmita , Noor Farah
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Spinal dysraphism (SD) is a congenital malformation of the spine and spinal cord resulting from congenital aberrations during the gastrulation, primary neurulation, and secondary neurulation stages. SD is the most common congenital anomaly of the CNS. Our study outlines the demography and clinical profile of this spectrum.
Aim of the study: The aim of the study was to assess the demographic characteristics and clinical features of spinal dysraphism in children over a three-year period.
Methods: This retrospective study involved 38 children with spinal dysraphism at the Department of Pediatric Surgery, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) from January 2021 to December 2023. Inclusion criteria included complete clinical records and surgical intervention. Diagnostic methods comprised history, clinical exams, USG, CT, and MRI. Postoperative follow-up was assessed. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 22.0.
Result: The study included 38 patients aged from 4 days to 7.5 years. The cohort exhibited a slight female predominance (57.89%). Myelomeningocele was the most predominant anomaly (52.63%), followed by lip myelomeningocele (31.58%) and meningocele (13.16%). Lesions were predominantly located in the lumbosacral region (92.11%). All patients presented with a swelling on the back. Associated conditions included hydrocephalus (34.21%), CSF leak (23.68%), and bowel and bladder incontinence (15.79%). All cases underwent an operative procedure with anatomical repair using standard techniques.
Conclusion: Among spinal dysraphism, myelomeningocele was more common than other spinal defects. All patients presented with back swelling, with or without associated symptoms.
Peak expiratory flow rate monitoring can predict asthma exacerbation better as compared to monitoring by symptoms, prospective cohort study
Authors: Gupta Sarika , Shabnam  , Verma Ajay K.
Published: September 2024

Background: Global initiative for asthma (GINA) guidelines suggest to use peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) monitoring to assess response to treatment, to identify triggers for exacerbation and to have a baseline value for action plan (especially for the poor perceivers). In comparison to adults, there are less evidence in support of the routine use of PEFR recording for the diagnosis and monitoring level of control of asthma in children. This study was conducted with objective to assess the effect of PEFR monitoring on numbers of exacerbations in comparison to monitoring by symptoms in asthma.
Methods: This was a prospective cohort study done for a in department of pediatrics and respiratory medicine, of a tertiary care hospital, North India. Prior to recruitment ethical approval and informed consent/assent was taken. Study subjects were children with partial and uncontrolled asthma aged 5-12 years of age. Patients were divided into two groups on their first visit by using random allocation number. In group “A” monitoring was done with symptoms only, while in group “B” monitoring was done by symptoms and PEFR. Number of exacerbations during study period was noted. At baseline and follow up, CACT score was calculated. Spirometry was done at the end of 3 months.
Results: Group B had statistically significant lesser exacerbation during study period as compared to group A (OR=0.23; 95% CI=0.06-0.81; p=0.020).
Conclusions: PEFR based monitoring can be used as a potential tool for aborting or decreasing the severity of episodes of exacerbations of asthma especially in resource limited areas.
Audiological assessment in children with autism spectrum disorder: a tertiary care centre experience
Authors: Mahajan Vikas , Khar Priyanka , Saraf Neha , Saraf Aditiya , Kalsotra Gopika
Published: September 2024

Background: Aim was to assess the audiological function in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD).
Methods: A prospective study conducted over one year at a tertiary care center involved 55 children: 30 with ASD (Group A) and 25 healthy children (Group B). Tympanometry, transient evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAE), and brainstem evoked response audiometry (BERA) tests were performed on both groups and compared.
Results: The study involved 55 children divided in 2 groups-ASD (Group A) and healthy children (Group B). Tympanometry showed Type 'A' curves in all group B children and in 26 out of 30 group A children; 4 children in group A with type 'B' or 'C' curves were excluded. In group A, 16.6% of children had TEOAE response in one ear, and 20% had no responses. All children in group B had TEOAE responses in both ears. BERA results showed significant differences between both groups in terms of inter-peak latencies between waves I and III and III and V (p<0.05), though the inter peak latency between waves I and V was not significant (p>0.05).
Conclusions: According to our study, patients with ASD in addition to neurological and behavioral assessment need regular auditory function testing as well.

AIM- TO ASSESS THE AUDIOLOGICAL FUNCTION IN CHILDREN WITH ASD. 
 
METHOD- A prospective study conducted over one year at a tertiary care center involved 55 children: 30 with ASD (Group A) and 25 healthy children (Group B). Tympanometry, Transient Evoked Otoacoustic Emissions (TEOAE), and Brainstem Evoked Response Audiometry (BERA) tests were performed on both groups and compared.
 
RESULTS- The study involved 55 children divided in 2 groups-  Autism Spectrum Disorder (Group A) and healthy children (Group B). Tympanometry showed Type 'A' curves in all Group B children and in 26 out of 30 Group A children; 4 children in Group A with Type 'B' or 'C' curves were excluded. In Group A, 16.6% of children had TEOAE response in one ear, and  20% had no responses. All children in Group B had TEOAE responses in both ears. BERA results showed significant differences between both groups in terms of inter-peak latencies between waves I & III and III & V (p<0.05), though the inter peak latency between waves I and V was not significant (p>0.05).
 
CONCLUSION- 
According to our study, patients with ASD in addition to neurological and behavioral assessment need regular auditory function testing as well.
 
 
KEYWORDS
TEOEA, BERA, Autism Spectrum Disorder
Study of impact of screen exposure time on behavioural and growth parameters in urban Indian children
Authors: Garg Sandeep , Rani P. G. Ranjitha , Mistry Vrutti , Mehta Samrat , Joshi Anuradha
Published: September 2024

Background: The American academy of paediatrics (AAP) recommends 2 hours of screen time (ST) daily for children and teenagers, with no exposure for those under 2 years old. However, research shows children often exceed these limits, leading to behavioural issues, obesity, and unhealthy eating habits. This study aimed to evaluate STs impact on behaviour, growth, and eating habits in children aged 1.5 to 8 years.
Methods: This cross sectional, observational study, conducted in the paediatric department, enrolled 401 children aged 1.5 to 8 years. Demographic details, weight, height, and BMI of the children were recorded. Parents provided information of their child's ST, screens at home, their own ST, and child’s eating habits. Behavioural parameters were evaluated using the child behaviour checklist (CBCL). Internalizing and Externalizing behaviours were also recorded in which internalizing factors comprised of anxious and somatic behaviours, while externalizing factors encompassed aggression and rule-breaking behaviours. Data analysis was performed using SPSS V.23.
Results: In our study, 401 children were enrolled, comprising 233 females (58.10%) and 168 males (41.90%). Out of 401, 201 (50.12%) exceeded 2 hours of ST, while 159 (39.65%) had 1 to 2 hours, and only 41 (10.22%) had less than 1 hour. There was a strong significant association between children's ST and their internalizing (p=0.00034), externalizing (p=0.009), withdrawn (p=0.001), rule breaking (p=0.03) and aggressive (p<0.01) behaviour. Additionally, children weight had a positive correlation between ST and BMI (p=0.015).
Conclusions: Excessive ST use correlates well with higher BMIs, behavioural issues like withdrawal, somatic complaints, rule-breaking, aggression. Urgent interventions are needed to reduce ST and promote healthier lifestyles among children, involving parents, caregivers, and policymakers.Top of Form
Clinical assessment of nutritional status among school going children aged 6-15 years in tea garden area of Darjeeling district, West Bengal, India
Authors: Baidya Debangshu , Ghosh Biswajit , Karmakar Balai Chandra
Published: September 2024

Background: Malnutrition (undernutrition) is a spectrum of disorder caused by various intervening factors which results in formation of ‘web of causation’ and prevalence is very high in developing countries like India which may lead to deficient physical growth as well as suboptimal mental achievement. The present study was designed to assess the nutritional status among school going children in remote tea garden area of Darjeeling district by clinical assessment.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 768 students covering both, the hilly areas and plains of Darjeeling district, and recommended anthropometric parameters and indices of world health organization (WHO) were applied. The data was compiled with MS excel and suitable statistical test were done using SPSS version 20.0 software.
Results: Out of 768 school going children aged between 6-15 years, wasting was prevalent among 13% with 1% prevalence of severe wasting, thinness was prevalent among 40%, 25% students suffered from stunting, with 4.6% prevalence of severe stunting. The study revealed a statistically significant (p<0.05) difference of mean weight between boys and girls belonging to age groups of 6+ years, 7+ years, 8+ years and 13+ years, and also of mean height of the boys and girls belonging to the age groups of 6+, 7+, 8+, 13+ and 14+ years. Pallor was also prevalent among 30.5% of the children.
Conclusion: Malnutrition was common among the school age children of Darjeeling district in the age group of 6-15 years.
Prevalence and determinants of developmental delay among children below two years of age visiting an immunization clinic of a tertiary care centre in South India
Authors: Venugopal Gayathri S. , M. S. Geethika , T. K. George , Jayan Gokul , Binu Gokul J. , Lawrence Tony
Published: September 2024

Background: Developmental delay in children is a worldwide public health problem. It can lead to significant motor and neurocognitive issues along with social constraints. Early detection and intervention are essential to optimize developmental outcomes for children with delays. This study aims to investigate the prevalence and determinants of developmental delay in children aged from two months to two years visiting the immunization clinic of Sree Avittam Thirunal hospital, Kerala, India, using the Trivandrum Developmental Screening Chart (TDSC).
Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 300 children aged two months to two years visiting the immunization clinic. Socio-demographic, maternal obstetric, antenatal and neonatal data were collected from mothers/guardians using a semi-structured interviewer-administered questionnaire. TDSC was used for screening. Results were analyzed using SPSS v.27 and R studio v.2023.09.1+494 software.
Results: Out of 300 children studied, 30(10%) were identified with developmental delay amongst which 43.3% had multiple item delay. On univariate analysis factors such as parents’ age and education, father’s occupation, antenatal history of decreased fetal movements, gestational age, history of feeding difficulty soon after birth, neonatal infections and birth weight were found to be significant. Multivariable analysis showed maternal education, gestational age at birth and neonatal infections to have a significant association with developmental delay.
Conclusions: The observed prevalence of developmental delay was 10% (95% CI 6.8-14). The significant risk factors identified like maternal education, gestational age and neonatal infections offer insights for intervention. The study highlights the importance of integrating developmental screening into immunization clinics for early detection and intervention.
Is vitamin D deficiency a risk factor in the occurrence and recurrence of febrile convulsions in children?
Authors: Thoppil Joanne , Jyothirmayi Chinta Annie , Arockiyaraj Magdalenal , Mathew Leni G. , Rebekkah Grace , Mathai Sarah
Published: September 2024

Background: Febrile seizure (FS) is the commonest childhood seizure. Our aim was to evaluate low Serum 25(OH) vitamin D level (vitamin D) as a risk factor for FS and whether vitamin D supplementation reduces its recurrence. 
Methods: A prospective cohort of children aged 6-60 months with FS (cases) and children with fever ≤3 days without seizures (controls) were recruited over a 2-year period. Vitamin D level was measured; those with low levels (<20 ng/ml) were treated with vitamin D for 3 months. Telephonic follow up was done upto 3 months regarding compliance, thereafter, upto 24 months for seizure recurrence.
Results: 259 children (125 cases,134 controls) were recruited. Overall, 90 children (34.7%) had low vitamin D level. There was no difference between cases and controls with low vitamin D levels (p=0.37). 22 (17.6%) children had seizure recurrence. Of this serum vitamin D level was low in 2 (9.1%) while 20 (90.9%) had sufficient levels (p=0.021). The odds ratio for FS recurrence was 5.8 times higher among cases with normal vitamin D level (>20 ng/ml).
Conclusions: There was no difference in mean vitamin D levels between cases and controls. However, there was significantly lower seizure recurrence in children who had low vitamin D level at presentation and had received vitamin D therapy. We postulate that treatment with vitamin D may reduce risk of FS recurrence even in those with serum vitamin D level in the “sufficient” range as per the recommended guidelines. Larger RCTs are needed to confirm these findings.
Qualitative comparison of the different lung ultrasound scores in children with bronchiolitis: a systematic review
Authors: Kogias Christos , Prountzos Spyridon , Alexopoulou Efthymia , Douros Konstantinos
Published: September 2024

Description and qualitative comparison of the lung ultrasound (LUS) scores used to assess patients aged 0 to 2 years with bronchiolitis. A systematic literature review was carried out to find out the LUS scores used to assess patients aged 0 to 2 years with bronchiolitis, using Medline, Scopus and ScienceDirect databases from their inception to January 2024. A total of 23 studies matching our eligibility criteria were analysed for the purposes of this review and 1878 patients with bronchiolitis were included. Different LUS scores were described and analysed. This review summarises the different scoring systems used in LUS in literature and the potential effects they may have had in diagnosing or monitoring bronchiolitis.
Follow-up of pseudomembranous colitis in children using colonoscopy
Authors: Ahadi Parisa , Mardi Ali
Published: September 2024

Pseudomembranous colitis (PC) is a common nosocomial disease. The most common etiology of the disease is Clostridium difficile and also many other causes can be having role in the occurrence of the disease. This disease is not very common in children and is mostly related to the use of antibiotics and hospitalization. Here, we report a case of PC in an 8-year-old boy who had no history of taking antibiotics and hospitalization.
Fahr’s syndrome presenting as focal seizures in an adolescent: a case report
Authors: Sandhu Jaskirat Kaur , Kaul Varun , Sandhu Kirat Kaur
Published: September 2024

Fahr’s syndrome refers to a rare syndrome which is characterized by symmetrical and extensive intra-cranial calcification. It mostly presents in age group 30-40 years or in older adults, although few cases have also been reported in paediatrics. The usual presentation is in the form of movement disorders, cognitive impairment, neuro-psychiatric manifestations etc. Here we report a case of a 14-year-old adolescent male who came to us with complaints of chronic headache and recurrent episodes of focal seizures. His cranial radio-imaging revealed bilateral basal ganglia calcification. On metabolic workup, he was found to have hypocalcemia and secondary hyperparathyroidism, thus confirming the diagnosis of Fahr’s syndrome.
Isolated congenital cleft mitral valve: a rare cause of mitral regurgitation presented as poor weight gain in children
Authors: Singh Vijay Kumar , Singh Suresh Narayan , Singh Priyanka
Published: September 2024

The anterior mitral leaflet cleft is very rare congenital lesion often encountered in association with other congenital heart defects. The isolated anterior leaflet cleft is a rare anomaly and is usually the cause of mitral valve regurgitation which is correctable. Children with poor feeding exhibit weight loss, growth retardation and sometimes heart failure. Clinically echocardiography is the first investigation of choice for evaluation of mitral valve disease providing useful information about valve anatomy and hemodynamic parameters. A case of 6-month-old male child with chief complaint of poor feeding and difficulty in breathing especially in early morning is being presented in this case report. A pan-systolic murmur of grade 4/6 heard on apex and back side of chest wall. Echocardiography revealed an isolated anterior mitral leaflet cleft producing moderate-severe mitral regurgitation. Isolated cleft of mitral valve is a very rare defect that has to be identified and diagnosed. All children presented with poor weight gain or failure to thrive should be screened with TTE to rule out congenital heart diseases.
Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis in a five-year-old girl: a case report
Authors: Ranabijuli Pradeep Kumar , Kamble Komal Bhagwan , L. A. Nazparveen , Kumari Sita
Published: September 2024

Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is an immune-mediated demyelinating central nervous system disorder with a predilection to early childhood. ADEM is generally considered a monophasic disease. However, recurrence has been described and defined as multiphasic disseminated encephalomyelitis (MDEM). ADEM often occurs after infection or immunization and is clinically defined as acute polyfocal neurological deficits, including encephalopathy. Many times, ADEM is a diagnosis of exclusion, and early diagnosis and treatment are the keys to favorable outcomes. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) typically demonstrates reversible, large, ill-defined white matter lesions of the brain and often also the spinal cord, along with frequent involvement of thalami and basal ganglia. CSF analysis may reveal mild pleocytosis and elevated protein but is generally negative for intrathecal oligoclonal bands. We report a case of five years six-month- old girl who presented with fever, vomiting, headache, and cough for seven days. She had one episode of involuntary passage of urine. The child was lethargic at presentation and was unable to stand or walk. Clinical features and investigations, including MRI brain and spine, were suggestive of ADEM. She was started on Inj. Methylprednisolone followed by oral prednisolone in tapering dose for four weeks. Clinical improvement was seen in the form of improvement in activity and power in limbs. The child improved with normal neurological function on day three of inj methylprednisolone. On follow-up for six months, the child did not have any relapse and had complete neurological and radiological recovery.
Alergia a las proteínas de la leche de vaca: Revisión bibliográfica
Authors: Morales Vindas Verónica , Greenwood González Eric , González Vargas Dayan , Murillo Salas José Pablo
Published: September 2024

La alergia a las proteínas de la leche de vaca (APLV) es una reacción inmunológica reproducible ante la exposición a las proteínas de la leche de vaca. El diagnóstico de la APLV se basa en una prueba de provocación oral alimentaria tras una dieta de eliminación y se describen otras pruebas complementarias, como la prueba cutánea de hipersensibilidad y la medición de IgE en suero (α-lactoalbúmina y β lactoglobulina). En el presente artículo de revisión se proporciona una visión integral y actualizada de la APLV. Con énfasis en los métodos diagnósticos y las consideraciones clínicas para evitar el subdiagnóstico. Además,  se enfatiza en la importancia del microbiota intestinal en la APLV y se mencionan algunos síndromes específicos no mediados por IgE, como la proctitis y proctocolitis alérgica inducida por PLV y la enterocolitis inducida por PLV.
PALABRAS CLAVE: hipersensibilidad a la leche, leche de soya, fórmulas infantiles, APLV
Feeding Intolerance in Late Preterm Infants: Single Center Experience
Authors: Arayici Sema , Alyamac Dizdar Evrim , Kadioglu Simsek Gulsum , Nur Sari Fatma
Published: September 2024

OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency and clinical features of the late preterm infants with feeding intolerance.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Medical records of 426 infants with gestational age of 340/7- 366/7 weeks were retrospectively reviewed for the study. Clinical and demographic features of late preterm infants and episodes of feeding intolerance were recorded.
RESULTS: A total of 54 late preterm infants with feeding intolerance were evaluated and compared with 178 infants without feeding intolerance. Baseline demographics were similar between groups. Mean duration of intolerance period was 2.3 ± 1.2 days. Time to full enteral feeding was significantly longer in late preterm infants with feeding intolerance when compared with infants without feeding intolerance (8 ± 2.3 vs 5.2 ± 1.7 days, respectively, p<0.001). Breastfeeding rates were similar between the groups. Rate of prokinetic use in the feeding intolerance group was 37%. There were no differences between the time to full enteral feeding and the duration of parenteral nutrition between prokinetic users and non-users.
CONCLUSIONS: Although the gestational ages of late preterm infants are close to term and their size is relatively large, they are not like term infants. These infants should be followed closely in terms of feeding problems as well as many morbidities.
KEYWORDS: Premature infant, enteral nutrition, feeding difficulties, morbidity.orbidities.
Consideraciones básicas de bioseguridad para la elaboración de protocolos de investigación biomédica
Authors: Carvajal Karla Guadalupe , Chávez Pacheco Juán Luís , Reyes León Adriana , Gómez Manzo Saul , Ramos Angeles Sandra Elena , Ortiz Alegría Luz Belinda , Jaloma Avendaño Roberto Enrique , Velazquez Aragón José Antonio , Espinosa Padilla Sara Elva , Priego y Garza Joaquín
Published: September 2024

La realización de investigación biomédica, es fundamental tanto en el área clínica como de la investigación; entraña una serie de peligros para las personas involucradas en estas actividades. Estos riesgos pueden ser riesgos biológicos, químicos y radiológicos. Los riesgos pueden ser mitigados o controlados con protocolos y recomendaciones adecuados. En esta guía se muestran de manera sencilla las principales medidas y consideraciones que un investigador debe conocer y observar para poder hacer una correcta evaluación de riesgos inherentes a las actividades implicadas en su protocolo. Por ende, es esencial implementar las medidas que aseguren la salud e integridad de las personas involucradas en dicho protocolo, quienes puede ser participantes o no.
PALABRAS CLAVE: Bioseguridad, riesgo biológico, riesgo químico, riesgo radiológico
Manejo actual de la displasia de cadera. ¡Lo que el pediatra debe saber!
Authors: Isunza Alonso Oscar Daniel , López Ramos Moisés Aristeo
Published: September 2024

La Displasia del Desarrollo de la Cadera (DDC), antes conocida como Luxación Congénita de Cadera, se define como una enfermedad común y congénita de esta articulación, donde existe una mala relación entre la cabeza femoral y el acetábulo secundaria a la deficiencia en el desarrollo acetabular durante el período fetal(1). Es necesario comprender este concepto, puesto que los factores predisponentes son intrauterinos, bien sea por causa genética o mecánica que limita la movilidad del feto durante su desarrollo (multifactorial).
Detección de alteraciones cognitivas en el consultorio del pediatra a través del juego.
Authors: Chávez Mejía Claudia Andrea , López Cervantes Mariana , Labra Ruiz Norma Angélica , Olaya Nieto Alberto , Valenzuela Alarcón Erika , Carbó Godínez Abril Astrid , Garamendi Eduardo Espinosa
Published: September 2024

Las alteraciones cognitivas se refieren a la disminución en el rendimiento o procesamiento de las capacidades cognitivas como memoria, orientación, lenguaje, pensamiento, atención, concentración, razonamiento y juicio. Se puede detectar desde los 24 meses de edad y, aunque se desconocen cifras exactas, la Organización Mundial de laSalud (OMS) reporta que 1300 millones de personas presentan algun tipo de discapacidad en el mundo. El 16% corresponde a niños con algún tipo de trastorno del neurodesarrollo (TND). En México, un estudio realizado por la ENSANUT determinó que un 29% de población infantil entre 2 y 9 años está en riesgo de desarrollar alguna discapacidad y que, de este porcentaje, el 14.78% está en riesgo de déficit cognitivo.
The overwhelming problem of childhood cancer in Mexico
Authors: Rivera Luna Roberto , Olaya Vargas Alberto , Velazco-Hidalgo Liliana , Cárdenas Cardos Rocio , Galván Diaz Cesar , Ponce Cruz Jesús , Garcia-Vicera Jimena , Melchor-Vidal Yadira
Published: September 2024

Childhood cancer is the second cause of mortality of the population between 4 and 15 years. More than 20 million new cases of cancer in the world are expected by the year 2025, and 80% of the load will be on countries of low to middle income. In the past two decades, significant changes have been observed in patterns of incidence, prevalence, survival, and childhood cancer mortality in Mexico. An extensive review of all the published studies in Mexico by various health institutions revealed a steady 18-year trend of 150 new cases/million/year. The prevalence showed that acute leukemias constitute a 50% of all childhood cancer cases, followed by lymphoma (Hodkin and non-Hodgkin), and primary malignant brain tumors. A significant survival rate was observed in 8 thousand children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia with an overall 5-year survival rate of 62%, with a range of 45 to 73%. The national mortality rate for all types of cancer was 5.2/100,000/year, which is higher than what is reported in most middle-income countries. In the face of the current results, the need arises to modify how we approach this group of diseases by integrating a socio-educational healthcare of the Mexican children who are currently treated under unfavorable conditions. The current sanitary authorities must be aware of the importance of the transmission and adjustment of the care received by children with these diseases at a national level, to be in line with international standards.
KEYWORDS: Childhood Cancer, Morbidity, Mortality, leukemia, lymphoma
O princípio da vinculação da oferta e a perquirição de “propaganda” enganosa ou erro grosseiro
Authors: Mesquita Letícia Oliveira
Published: September 2024

A dificuldade em estremar os conceitos de erro grosseiro e “propaganda” enganosa é um dos principais dilemas do Direito das Relações de Consumo na atualidade, especialmente porque a publicidade deixou de ser apenas meio de informação para, com as mídias digitais e com a internet, ser um meio extremamente contundente de convencimento do consumidor. Assim, a partir dessa observação, notou-se a importância de enfrentamento do tema. O presente estudo faz considerações sobre a oferta e sobre o princípio da vinculação da oferta, bem como a demonstração de casos práticos. Objetiva-se oferecer parâmetros para o enfrentamento da problemática diante de situações concretas. Como metodologia, utilizaram-se artigos obtidos por meio de pesquisa eletrônica, obras doutrinárias, material de informações jornalísticas, legislações e banco de dados de jurisprudência. A pesquisa parte de uma pretensão explicativa eminentemente prática, elucidando, comparativamente, casos concretos, com todas as suas particularidades, e chega a premissas que permitem a delimitação sobre os conceitos abordados.
As diversas entidades familiares: da imposição de reconhecimento à conclusão de que ele não tardará e a especial abordagem das famílias simultâneas
Authors: Mesquita Letícia Oliveira
Published: September 2024

As entidades familiares surgidas para além do casamento geraram, para o seu reconhecimento, uma revolução no direito das famílias, de modo que, hoje, entende-se por um conceito eudemonista de família. A atualidade do tema, portanto, revela a utilidade do estudo e o interesse na problemática. Nesse diapasão, pretende-se expor as questões ainda polêmicas – diante da mudança de paradigmas envolvida no caso. Dita-se os variados modelos de família e conclui-se pela existência de fundamentação para o seu reconhecimento. Na sequência, faz-se uma abordagem jurisprudencial geral e outra pormenorizada do tema famílias simultâneas, o que, nesse âmbito, enseja as maiores discussões. Como metodologia, utilizaram-se artigos obtidos por meio de pesquisa eletrônica, obras doutrinárias, material de informações jornalísticas, legislações e banco de dados de jurisprudência. Objetiva-se o reforço do reconhecimento da pluralidade de famílias e de sua proteção. Alcança-se, como resultado, o entendimento de que o texto constitucional é aberto a esses novos modelos de família e de que a jurisprudência tende a paulatinamente continuar a reconhecê-los.
A conectividade entre o milagre da pregação de Santo Antônio aos peixes (séc. XIII) e o sermão de Santo Antônio aos peixes do padre Antônio Vieira (séc. XVII)
Authors: Costa Alex Silva
Published: September 2024

No conteúdo dos I Fioretti encontra-se a narrativa do milagre do Sermão de Santo Antônio aos peixes, acontecido no século XIII, o interessante é que durante tempos a descrição do milagre sempre esteve preenchida de misticismos devido ao caráter extraordinário de tal feito do santo, a comunicação aos peixes. No século XVII, o Padre Antônio Vieira apresenta em 13 de junho de 1654 o Sermão de Santo Antônio aos Peixes para denunciar os desmandos políticos e vícios praticados pelos colonos da região maranhense. Naquela época, os padres jesuítas estavam em conflito com os exploradores por causa do uso da mão de obra indígena. Estabelecemos então, um paralelo entre as duas obras para demostrar as conexões historiográficas entre o período medieval e o colonial brasileiro para debatermos as continuidades e permanências na longa duração do tempo histórico.