bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Negativity, emotionality and populist rhetoric in election campaigns worldwide, and their effects on media attention and electoral success
Authors: Gerstlé Jacques , Nai Alessandro
Published: July 2019

Very little is known in broad comparative terms about the nature and content of election campaigns. In this article, we present the first systematic and comparative assessment of the electoral campaigns of candidates having competed in elections across the world along three dimensions: negative campaigning, emotional campaigning and populist rhetoric. We do so by introducing a new dataset, based on expert judgements, that allows us to retrace the content of campaigns of 97 candidates having competed in 43 elections worldwide between 2016 and 2018. To put the importance of these three dimensions of electoral campaigns into perspective, we comparatively assess the extent to which these three dimensions are more or less likely to capture the attention of news media and to determine the electoral fate of those who rely on them. Our analyses reveal that negativity and emotionality significantly and substantially drive media coverage and electoral results: more positive and enthusiasm-based campaigns increase media attention, but so do campaigns based on personal attacks and fear appeals, especially during presidential elections and when the number of competing candidates is lower. Looking at electoral success, negativity backlashes overall, and yet personal attacks can be used successfully to increase the chances of an electoral victory. Furthermore, both appeals to enthusiasm (but not when a lot of candidates compete) and fear (especially in presidential elections) work as intended to capture the attention of the public and transform it into better electoral fortunes. We also discuss the results of a case study of the 2017 French presidential election, where we compare the campaigns of four leading candidates (Emmanuel Macron, Marine Le Pen, François Fillon and Jean-Luc Mélenchon); results of the case study offer interesting insights to understand the general trends, and beyond.
Perceived stress, life events, fatigue and temperament in patients with psoriasis
Authors: Pancar Yuksel Esra , Durmus Dilek , Sarisoy Gokhan
Published: July 2019

Objective

To evaluate the perceived stress, life events, fatigue and temperament profile in patients with psoriasis and to investigate the relationship between these factors.

Methods

This cross-sectional study included patients with psoriasis and healthy control subjects. The two groups were compared regarding the number of life events, Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and Multidimensional Assessment of Fatigue scores. The Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris and San Diego Autoquestionnaire was used to evaluate the personality traits among the two groups.

Results

A total of 75 patients with psoriasis (mean ± SD age, 44.94 ± 13.62 years) and 75 healthy controls (mean ± SD age, 41.10 ± 8.89 years) were included in the study. A statistically significant difference was found between the two groups in terms of the presence of life events, PSS score, fatigue and temperament profiles. Patients with psoriasis with depressive, cyclothymic and anxious temperament profiles were found to have higher PSS scores. In the psoriasis group, the PSS scores were positively correlated with the number of life events.

Conclusions

Stress and life events were found to be correlated with psoriasis. In the patients with psoriasis, depressive, cyclothymic and anxious temperament profiles seemed to be associated with higher perceived stress.
The beginning of chaos for Genesis
Authors: Boyle Marjorie O’Rourke
Published: July 2019

This article researches and analyzes the complex and controversial origins of Hermann Gunkel’s influential idea of chaos in Gen 1.2. It identifies his declared source, context, usage, and rationale. It then documents the undeclared but important philological, philosophical, and theological history of chaos. It identifies Gunkel’s thesis of an uncreated chaos as his tacit rejection of Martin Luther’s theology of a created chaos. It details the relevant classical philology and Christian theology involved in Luther’s apologetics against Aristotle’s eternal universe and for Plato’s created universe. It discovers Gunkel’s unacknowledged citation of Plato’s Timaeus as paradigmatic for his own exegesis of Genesis 1 as ‘order from disorder’. It discloses the underlying confrontation of Gunkel’s inclusive religio-historical method with Luther’s theological exclusion of the ancient pagans and their texts from the divine plan of salvation. It invites a more historically informed reevaluation of chaos in Gen 1.2.
The destroyed city as grazing space: Interpretive possibilities in Isaiah 5.17, 17.2, 27.10, and 32.14
Authors: Stulac Daniel J D
Published: July 2019

In four instances, the book of Isaiah depicts a destroyed city as a grazing space for domestic livestock (5.17, 17.2, 27.10, and 32.14). Scholars typically insist that such language, when it is understood in its proper historical context, conveys a straightforward, negative image of destruction. By contrast, this essay proposes that the grazing-space topos entextualizes a concrete phenomenon in which ancient city spaces underwent revegetation in the aftermath of their demolition, attracting domestic flocks and herds. Historical city destruction therefore contributed to a larger agroecological story through which survivors might have begun to imagine the renewal of their livelihoods. Correspondingly, the grazing-space topos served Isaiah’s author-redactors as a theological ‘pivot point’ by which to express their hope for restoration. Thus, a historically responsible interpretation of the topos as it appears in the book of Isaiah today should respect its capacity for both negative and positive interpretive possibilities.
Isaac’s dual test in the blessings narrative: A new reading of Gen 27:18-29
Authors: Schwartz Sarah
Published: July 2019

This essay explores the meeting scene between Isaac and Jacob in Gen 27:18-29. The repetition of Isaac’s act of blessing in vv. 23 and 27 exposes the parallel structure of the scene, and Isaac’s dual test to determine his son’s identity. This structure emphasizes the importance of the sensory tests and Esau’s external identity markers—his hairy hands and the scent of the field—that convinced Isaac to bless the son standing before him. These identity markers are not merely technical; they are literary devices that point to Esau’s character and hint at the motivation behind Isaac’s desire to bless Esau instead of Jacob. These motives are clarified through an analysis of Esau’s traits, links to Isaac’s personality, and the nature of the blessings he had intended for Esau. The conclusions contribute to a better understanding of the scene and resolve some of the fundamental difficulties in the blessings narrative of Gen 27:1-28:9.
Refusing the king’s portion: A reexamination of Daniel’s dietary reaction in Daniel 1
Authors: Seufert Michael
Published: July 2019

In Dan. 1, scholarship has proposed a range of plausible answers to the question, why did Daniel and his friends refuse the king’s provision of food and drink? Given that such a refusal was not absolutely necessary for a faithful Israelite living in exile (e.g. Jehoiachin, Esther, and Nehemiah), uncertainty remains regarding Daniel’s exact motivation. The suggested answers range from a concern for Pentateuchal dietary regulations to political subversion. This article surveys the relevant textual data points and several of the major proposed interpretations, and proposes that an underappreciated allusion to Exod. 15-16 points to the multi-layered significance of Daniel’s abstention from the king’s portion, namely, both a ritual concern attending the exiles and a statement from Daniel that Yahweh is his only provider, contrary to Nebuchadnezzar’s claims.
Long-Term Aging Performance Analysis of Oil Modified Asphalt Binders
Authors: Kilger Albert , Swiertz Daniel , Bahia Hussain U.
Published: July 2019

Oil modification of asphalt binders is a widely adopted strategy for meeting low temperature performance grade (PG) specifications. There is no shortage of data characterizing the rheological benefits of several oil modifiers. Current AASHTO M320/M332 specifications evaluate low-temperature performance using the bending beam rheometer which measures creep stiffness and relaxation properties of the asphalt binder after 20 h of aging using a pressure aging vessel (PAV). In this study, extended aging effects on oil and polymer modified binders are investigated using three oil-modified binders compared against a control binder using PG and PG+ testing methods. The oils evaluated include bio-oil and re-refined engine oil bottoms. All binders were subjected to a rolling thin film oven and 20-h PAV aging, as well as extended PAV aging of 40 and 60 h. Binders are evaluated using multiple stress creep recovery, AASHTO TP123 dynamic shear rheometry elastic recovery, and linear amplitude sweep tests in addition to standard PG methods. The results show that many of the rheological benefits supplied by the oils tend to diminish after 40 h of PAV aging. However, the long-term effects depend greatly on the type of oil used, as well as the type of polymer modification used. The results suggest that 20-h PAV aging may not be sufficient to predict the long-term performance of the binder, and that extended aging periods (40-h PAV aging) should be considered when selecting oil modified asphalts.
Laparoscopic pelvic lymphadenectomy
Authors: Bianchi G. , Tallarigo C. , Cavalleri S. , Schiavone D. , Beltrami P. , Mobilio G.
Published: July 2019

From March ‘92 we have introduced laparoscopic pelvic lymphadenectomy as an aid in staging prostatic cancer. In these patients precise lymph node dissection represents an important parameter for therapeutical decision. As regards this problem, up to now, the only efficacious technique was surgical lymphadenectomy. Pelvic lymph node dissection is usually considered to be part of a preliminary operation during radical prostatectomy, but it seems to be an extreme procedure regarding its pure staging finality. For these reasons we believe that laparoscopic lymphadenectomy represents a surgical technique destined to obtain much agreement between urologists. The technique we practise is very similar to the one described by Schuessler et al. Advantages of endosurgical lymph node dissection are mainly minor invasiveness that allows rapid recovery of the patient, together with a reduction of both postoperative morbility and hospitalization.
The study of erectile deficit by Rigiscan
Authors: Luciano M. , Bondavalli C. , Pegoraro C. , Dall'Oglio B. , Schiavon L. , Mariotto G. , Parma A.
Published: July 2019

The most widely used tests for a correct diagnosis of organic and psychogenic impotence are nocturnal erection monitoring, penile Doppler and intracavernous injection. 45 patients affected by impotence underwent NPT test while penile Doppler was performed in 32 cases; another 9 patients were given a PGE1 injection followed by real-time monitoring. A Rigiscan monitoring unit for penile rigidity and tumescence measurement was used to perform NPT and real-time FIC. NPT showed organic alteration in 15 cases, psychogenic deficit in 23 and dubious results in 9, (NPT was repeated in 2 cases). Doppler flowmetry was negative in 24 cases while it detected disease in 8. 13 of these 32 patients showed organic disease on NPT, 11 had negative results and 8 cases were considered dubious. Rigiscan nocturnal erection test seems to be the most reliable test for a correct assessment of impotence especially if it is used in combination with intracavernous injection.
Intracavernous four-drug injection therapy for veno-occlusive dysfunction
Authors: Montorsi F. , Bergamaschi F. , Guazzoni G. , Consonimi P. , Barbieri L , Rigatti P.
Published: July 2019

Forty patients with erectile impotence due to veno-occlusive dysfunction were treated with intracavernous injection of a four-drug mixture composed of: papaverine 12 mg/ml, prostaglandin E1 10 microg/ml, phentolamine 1 mg/ml and atropine 0.15 mg/ml. This vasoactive mixture guaranteed a rigid erection lasting at least 30 minutes in all cases. At the six-month follow-up, three patients discontinued the treatment due to personal reasons while the others are still on treatment and completely satisfied. Multi-drug intracavernous vasoactive injection is an effective therapy for veno-occlusive dysfunction of the cavernous bodies.
The results of 5 years of prostatic cancer screening of the population over fifty years old in a North Italian town
Authors: Andreassi F. , Manca G.P. , Piras P. , Martina G. , D'Alpos M.
Published: July 2019

The Authors present the results of a prostatic cancer screening on the population of Sondrio City over fifty years old, by means of rectal palpation following personal invitation. The authors conclude by affirming the validity of this initiative especially because it allows prevalently low-stage tumours to be discorered unlike in normal in normal clinical practive when diagnosis takes place in 80% of the cases in advanced stages.
Non iatrogenic penile trauma. Our experience
Authors: Lasaponara F. , Coppola P. , Vercesi E. , Rizzello N.
Published: July 2019

Autors report their experience concerning traumatic penile pathology observed in 13 Patients and the follow-up with particular attention to the micturition and erection.
Therapy management by computer
Authors: Arvati G. , Bonora I. , Pegoraro C. , Zamberlan A.
Published: July 2019

A medicai treatment management programme in a hospital department is suggested. The programme, in Clipper, may be used with any MS-DOS compatible personal computer. Each patient is related with his drugs, dosage, times and administration. Data may be input and changed any time. Several times a day the list of treatments is printed relevant to a single patient or to a fixed time.
Modified M-VAC regimen in advanced bladder cancer
Authors: Ruoppolo M. , Tombolini P. , Bellorofonte C. , Zaatar C. , Beleggia F. , Ferri P.M. , Tagliaferri A. , Yamak R. , Innocenti L.
Published: July 2019

Between June 1989 and May 1991, 11 patients with locally advanced and metastatic bladder cancer were treated by modified M-VAC regimen. After four or more courses of neo-adjuvant chemotherapy, the responders underwent to enlarged cystectomy. Patient's age ranged from 37 to 63 years (average 54 years). Four patients had T3NOMO disease, four had T3-4N1–2MO stage and three distant metastases. M-VAC regimen was modified according to the following schedule: MTX 30 mg/M2 on days 1 and 15, Vinblastin 3 mg/M2 on days 2 and 15, Doxorubicin 30 mg/M2 and Cisplatin 80 mg/M2 on day 2. Cisplatin infusion was preceded and followed by 2 liters of hydration fluid. Antiemetic regime with Ondansetron and Dexamethasone was instituted. All patients were evaluated for toxicity and response and six underwent 6–18 months of follow-up. 1 patient had significant increase of serum creatinine and, another had acute anemia. We observed 7 PR (65%) and 4 stable disease. In 2 cases of lung and liver localization metastases regressed completely. In 6 cases radical cystectomy was performed only and in 4 cases external beam radiation and cystectomy were performed after the chemotherapy. At 6, 7, 12, 16 months of follow-up 4 patients had no evidence of disease.
Treatment of superficial bladder tumors with alpha 2b Interferon and Epirubicin
Authors: Zenico T. , Zoli M. , Fabbri F. , Camporesi C. , Maltoni G.
Published: July 2019

The relapse of superficial bladder tumours can be prevented, after endoscopic treatment, by intravesical chemo and immunoprophylaxis. In the first 6 months of 1991, 14 patients (13 males, 1 female, average age 58.3) were treated endoscopically for superficial bladder tumours, which had been detected on average 3.5 years earlier. Intravesical treatment was with 50 mg Epirubicin and, after 3 hours, alpha-2b Interferon once a week for 8 weeks. The patients had a hematological and cystoscopic control every 3 months for one year. A decrease in tumour recurrence was noted at the first endoscopic control, then only slow growth of superficial bladder tumour recurrence was observed.
Epidemiological study of urinary tract stones in a Northern Italian city
Authors: Pieri I. , Minari R. , Potenzoni D. , Cantoni C. , Sacchini P. , Prati A. , Savino A. , Borrini A.
Published: July 2019

An epidemiological study about stone disease was carried out by mailing a postal questionnaire to 6000 persons; it concerned a sample of the population of the USL n. 5 (Fidenza - PR). This population sample was divided into two groups: those who live on the hills and those who live on the plain. No differences of any kind were found between the two groups. It came out that the incidence of stone disease in the general population is 8%. There was a relationship between stone disease and hypertension and other renal diseases. Stone-formers showed no alimentary difference from non-stone formers. Stone-formers drank more still mineral water than non-stone formers, but only 37% of them drank at least 2 litres a day.
Incidental renal masses: Therapeutic management
Authors: Prati A. , Cantoni C. , Pieri I. , Sacchini P. , Savino A. , Arnaudi R. , Potenzoni D.
Published: July 2019

Evaluation and treatment of incidental renal masses is a problem facing urologists with increasing frequency since radiologic imaging (Echotomography and CT) has become routine. Traditional treatment by total nephrectomy may be unnecessary for small renal cell carcinoma and is often inappropriate for benign, lesions: whereas only observation by periodic follow-up with imaging studies and/or percutaneous biopsy is not always sufficient. So the problem of management alternatives is very important and no universal strategy can be employed. We report our experience with 15 pts with incidental renal mass treated in different ways.
The use of echo-doppler in the study of renal damage sustained during percutaneous manoeuvres and extracorporeal lithotriptic treatments
Authors: Musci R. , Franchini V. , Favini P. , Andres M. , Baccalin A. , Scardino E.
Published: July 2019

The echo-doppler is a non-invasive diagnostic method that makes evaluation of the morphology and the renal intraparenchymal vessel flow possible. Due to the development and spread of percutaneous methods and to the large number of patients who undergo extracorporeal lithotripsy, the renal parenchyma suffers traumas of which neither the short no long term consequences are yet fully understood. We calculated the Resistive Index using echo-doppler in 10 pts. who underwnt extracorporeal lithotripsy and we looked for the possible presence of arteriovenous fistulae in 10 pts. who underwent percutaneous manoeuvres (nephrostomy, litholapaxy and endopyelotomy). The results showed an increased R.I. in all patients at the end of the treatment, and in only one patient was this elevated R.I. maintained at the follow-up after 30 days. Arteriovenous fistulae were not found in any of the other patients.
In-vitro efficacy of glycosaminoglycans in the inhibition of urinary calcium oxalate cristallization
Authors: Tizzani A. , Casetta G. , Cavallini A , Piana P. , Squintone L. , Vottero M.
Published: July 2019

Aim of this study is the evaluation of the increased overall inhibitory power of whole urine induced by the in-vitro addition of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). The inhibitory power, and its variations are assessed with the Sarig test, using ionometric measurements to follow the oxalate precipitation in different experimental conditions. The study is performed on the urine collected from 160 patients with a history of calcium-oxalate lithiasis; mesoglycan, sulodexide and sodium citrate (for comparison) are each tested on 110 urine specimens. A statistical significant difference is found between the basic evaluation and after addition of GAGs, comparable with the results obtained with sodium citrate. No significant differences in activity among the three drugs are found in those cases where simultaneous testing is possible.
Papillary renal cell cystoadenocarcinoma
Authors: Monica B. , Zivieri M. , Cortellini P. , Simonazzi M. , Poletti F.
Published: July 2019

Papillary renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is known by the tendency to avascularity shown by angiography. More uncommon is the cystic variant of papillary RCC called cystoadenocarcinoma. The majority of papillary tumors are in stage I. The survival for papillary RCC is significantly higher than that for non-papillary RCC. CT-scan MNR, although non diagnostic, enhance the suspicion of a heterologous process in so called “complicated cysts”. US-guided percutaneous needle aspiration may be helpful to diagnose these tumours. We report 2 cases of cystodenocarcinoma and our considerations.
Ectopic ureter: Case report
Authors: Buli P. , D'Amato G. , Bertaccini A. , Frigola M. , Irianni G. , Concetti S. , Cortecchia V. , Zaganelli S.
Published: July 2019

An ectopic ureter is one which opens anywhere other than on the posterolateral extremity of the trigone and is an uncommon urological anomaly with a female predominance. The aim of this study is to consider an unusual case of ectopic ureter with a large distal diverticula simulating a bladder duplicity.
Bladder hernia in the inguino-crural region
Authors: Valerio S. , Fornasiero G.F. , Antoniazzi G. , Petterle V. , Bassi E.
Published: July 2019

Three cases of bladder hernia have recently been treated in our department. We present our experience and discuss the management of this pathology that is usually treated by general surgery. We point out the urological aspects in the management of this pathology.
Masculine urethral diverticulum after radical prostatectomy: Case report and literature review
Authors: Iannicelli P. , Rosa A. , Aimè G. , Pagani G.
Published: July 2019

The authors report a case of post radical prostatectomy diverticulum of the posterior urethra. They suggest some clinical and pathological hypotesis of the causes of these rare conditions. A revision of the literature is also reported.
Rare case of acute scrotal swelling: Multiple testicular rupture with intraparenchymal lesions and intact tunica albuginea
Authors: Lania C. , Grasso M. , Castelli M. , Angeli E. , Del Maschio A. , Rigatti P.
Published: July 2019

Bilateral testicular rupture is rare. Incidence is highest in the 16–20 age group. There are no specific signs or symptoms which make a differential diagnosis between testicular rupture and scrotal traumas possible. Examination at Doppler and ultrasonography and early surgical exploration provide early diagnosis, which is necessary to safeguard fertility. We report one case of bilateral orchialgia, following a diving episode. Ultrasound examination of the scrotum showed bilateral multiple areas of altered echogenicity of the testicular parenchyma and an intact tunica albuginea. During surgery bilateral multiple areas of haemorrhagic necrosis were drained. Outpatient examination one month after leaving the hospital was normal. At 3 and 6 months the results of seminal examination were within normal limits according to the parameters established by the WHO.
Out patient's ambulatory treatment of kidney cystic diseases
Authors: Giuberti A.C. , Del Boca C. , Ferrari C. , Colloi D.
Published: July 2019

The Authors report their experience in out patient's ambulatory treatment of renal cysts by PCN ultrasound puncture. An aspiration technique is described and the following injection of human fibrin glue after vaporization with sterile alchol 99% in the cyst. Then this technique is compared with other different conventional methods and the clinical results discussed. The data obtained, the excellent compliance of the patients confirm this practice as the best choice in out-patient treatment of this pathology.
Correlation of deoxyribonucleic acid content and failure of superficial bladder cancer treatment with Bacillus Calmette-Guerin
Authors: Netto N. Rodrigues , D'Ancona C.A. Levi , Venco F.E. , Ibrahim R. El , Netto M.J.B. Rodrigues
Published: July 2019

The purpose is to analyze patients with superficial bladder cancer who failed the initial therapy with oral BCG and underwent immunoprophylaxis with intravesical BCG. A total of 13 patients with grade 2 pT1 transitional cell carcinoma or carcinoma in situ without other concurrent malignancies had tumour recurrence with oral BCG therapy. We report our experience with 6 patients treated with intravesical BCG after failure of previous oral BCG immunotherapy. A quantitative deoxyribonucleic acid study using static cytometry was employed to analyze tumour ploidy. All were aneuploid tumours. 2 (33.3%) patients were free of cancer during the 21-month mean observation period and 4 (66.7%) had recurrence during a mean follow-up of 24 months. Two patients showed tumour progression. There were no major complications. Our results suggest that superficial transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder with aneuploid DNA values, even if treated more aggressively with intravesical BCG, do not show good results.
Ipertrofia prostatica benigna: Indicazioni alla terapia con alfa-litici
Authors: Pennisi M.
Published: July 2019

Medical therapy with alpha-blockers in prostatic hypertrophy is indicated during the irritative stage or when there is modest obstruction; careful patient selection is therefore fundamental. The molecules available and the absolute and relative counter-indications are reviewed.
Neovescica ileale ortotopica secondo Hautmann: Follow-up ad un anno
Authors: Nicolosi D. , Salvia G. , Castiglione B. , Amuso G.
Published: July 2019

The Authors report a case of orthotopic ileal neo-bladder according to Hautmann, emphasising the importance of creating a low-pressure reservoir with a capacity in direct proportion to the radius of the new reservoir.
Patterns urodinamici in pazienti con prostatodinia
Authors: Vella M. , Camilleri G. , Trapani D. Dl , Lamartina M. , Pavone-Macaluso M.
Published: July 2019

The Authors report their experience on 24 patients with prostatodynia. The Adynamic alterations, which occur in most cases, show the usefulness of cystomanometry and pressure-flow study for providing a better nosological picture and therapeutic management.
Coinvolgimento urologico in corso di ascessi retroperitoneali: A proposito di 3 osservazioni
Authors: Giardina M. Curti , Viola G. , Ocello F. , Orestano F.
Published: July 2019

Abscesses in the retroperitoneal space should be suspected in patients with abdominal pain, high temperature and weakness. They should be diagnosed early and treated by adequate surgical drainage associated with a well-aimed antibiotic therapy.
Nefroma cistico multiloculare
Authors: Amico F. , Dammino C. , Ninfa C. , Bartolotta G.
Published: July 2019

The authors review two cases of cystic nephroma, highlighting the present preoperative diagnostic possibilities and feasible choices of conservative surgery, even with foci of adenoma and nephroblastoma.
Morpho-functional follow-up of modified Indiana Pouch
Authors: Spatafora S. , Borelli C. , Cesolari R. Rossi , Leone G. , Mora A. , Leoni S.
Published: July 2019

— Between November ‘90 and August ‘94, 55 patients underwent modified Indiana Pouch. Our modifications include the isolation of 20 cm of right colon, the creation of a 15 cm long ileal patch, taeniotomies of partial detubularized cecum, Le Duc ureterocolic anastomosis and umbilical stomal positioning. An orthotopic reservoir was constructed in 2 young exstrophic patients. The ileal limb was anastomosed to the introitus vaginalis in a female and by an original, staged operation to the epispadic urethral plate in a male. The continence rate was 91%. The mean pouch capacity was 500 ± 40 cc, the filling pressure was 10 ± 2 cm H2O and the ileocecal valve resistance was 85 ± 6 cm H2O. 12 late complications were reported (4 stomal stenoses, 3 parastomal hernias, 1 severe ureteral stenosis, 2 high pressure pouches, 2 decompensated reservoirs). No ureteral reflux renal function decrease, metabolic acidosis or vitamin B12 reduction was observed. We conclude that modified Indiana Pouch is a reliable, reproducible, easy-to-perform technique with an acceptable complication rate. On the other hand it has to be reserved for compliant patients.
Immunological aspects of urethral stenosis. Involvement of the S100 protein-positive dendritic cells
Authors: Cracco C. , Biasiol S. , Filogamo G. , Rossetti S. Rocca
Published: July 2019

— Within the superficial layers of healthy skin and of some mucosae there is a Population of accessory cells of the immune system, able to interact with T helper lymphocytes. Such cells, called tissular dendritic cells (DCs), increase their density and display different morphological features in a variety of immunologically-mediated dermatological disorders. In the present work we investigated DCs within the various urethral segments, both in normal conditions and in urethral stenosis. The specimens, obtained from urethrectomies and urethroplasties with end-to-end anastomosis, were stained with anti-S100 protein antibody and immunofluorescence techniques. We demonstrated an increasing density of S100 protein-positive epithelial DCs from the Prostatic urethra to the glandular one, where DCs were also larger and richer in dendritic Processes. In urethral stenosis the intraepithelial infiltrate of ramified DCs was much denser than any other control. We therefore hypothesize a role for the immune system in the development and maintenance of urethral stenoses, where, as already demonstrated for other types of pathological scarring, morphological changes of DCs serve as clues to their functional activation.
Inguinal bladder hernia: Case report and literature review
Authors: Repetto U. , Banchero R. , Tognoni P. , Caviglia C. , Cussotto M. , Oppezzi G.F. , Donelli A , De Rose A.F. , Carmignani G.
Published: July 2019

— The Authors describe a case of inguinal bladder hernia. Diagnosis was made by an excretory urogram (IVP). Surgical treatment consisted of a resection of the herniated bladder followed by Nyhus inguinal hernioplasty.
Favourable results of a therapeutical scheme in idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis: Suggested protocol
Authors: Capizzi G. , Laurini L. , Di Tonno F. , Munaretto G. , Lavelli D.
Published: July 2019

— The Authors describe the favourable results obtained in 3 patients with Idiopathic Retroperitoneal Fibrosis (IRF) using a therapeutic protocol based on the association of prednisolone and cyclophosphamide. In 2 patients this therapy obtained a partial radiologic and total clinical remission; in the third case it guaranteed a stabilization of the results obtained by previous surgery. Given the absence of significant side effects, the protocol may be taken into consideration for practically all patients with TRF.
Conservative treatment in renal cancer
Authors: Calvi P. , Armela P. , Bruno P. , Pescatore D.
Published: July 2019

— The aim of this study is to evaluate the role of conservative surgery in renal cancer. The more widespread use of imaging techniques, like ultrasound and CT, has led to the earlier diagnosis of small and asymptomatic tumours (T1-T2; diameter < 4 cm). Some Authors have therefore begun to perform conservative treatment, when there is a normal contralateral kidney, obtaining favourable and unhoped-for results, although radical surgery maintains its fundamental therapeutic role in this pathology.
In-situ ESWL in the treatment of ureteral stones
Authors: Frego E. , Scanzi M. , Taher B. , Tosana M. , Cunico S. Cosciani
Published: July 2019

— 185 patients with ureteral stones were treated with ESWL (118 with lumbar ureteral stones, 63 pelvic, 4 sacroiliac). 182 patients (98.3%) were treated with ESWL in-situ by means of a Dornier MFL-5000 lithotriptor. Stone size varied from 0.6 to 1.4 cm (mean 0.9 cm); 145 patients (86.9%) were stone-free after one treatment. The re-treatment rate was 13% for lumbar ureteral stones, 25% for sacroiliac and 12.5% for pelvic stones. We report no complications. 11 patients (6.04%) had to be treated subsequently with ureteroscopic fragmentation and 4 (2.19%) with open surgery. We conclude that in-situ ESWL is also a safe and effective treatment for distal ureteral stones, for which ureteroscopy is also a successful technique but with higher morbidity, and should therefore be performed in case of failure of ESWL. We have more chance of success if the in-situ treatment is performed as soon as possible.
Color-doppler potentiality during prostatic transrectal ultrasonography
Authors: Larcher P. , Longoni E. , Casu M. , Bergonzi M. , Bonfiolp C. , Motta F. , Urani A.
Published: July 2019

— This communication has the purpose of presenting an evaluation of Color-Doppler (C.D.) potentiality during prostatic transrectal ultrasonography. From September 1991 to April 1995, 3200 prostatic transrectal ultrasonographies were perfomed by means of C.D. on 1250 patients with a PSA value higher than 5 ng/ml; among these 1250 patients, 210 were subjected to a biopsy and 126 were positive for adenocarcinoma. By using C.D. it has been possible to display the main vascular pedicles of the prostatic gland in standard conditions and to identify patterns indicating diseases, both benign (BPH and prostatitis) and malignant (cancer and follow-up of patients subjected to therapy). In 113 out of 126 histologically identified cancers, C.D. gives patterns of hypervascular areas even in the absence of specific focal lesions. On the basis of these results it is possible to state that C.D. evaluation during prostatic transrectal ultrasonography can aid prostatic cancer diagnosis, supplying a further selection parameter for patients who must undergo a needle biopsy while requiring only a slightly longer time (2–3 minutes) for the examination.
Iatrogenic pathology caused by ureteral endoprosthesis
Authors: Zucconelli R. , Belmonte P. , Caruso N. , Fiaccavento G.
Published: July 2019

— The Authors write about their experience with three cases of endoureteral prosthesis fragmentation during removal of the same. They review the various factors which may combine in making the materials of these prostheses more fragile. On the one hand they emphasise the necessity of preparing prophylactic measures for such an event, and on the other the central role of the urologist in the choice and management of the endoprosthesis.
Cervical or trigonal transurethral resection in locally advanced carcinoma of the prostate: What are the risks of neoplastic dissemination?
Authors: Anselmo G. , Fandella A. , Maccatrozzo L. , Merlo F. , Checchin P. , Mangano M.
Published: July 2019

— Patients with obstructive advanced prostatic carcinoma who do not respond to hormonal therapy need urinary drainage, usually through an indwelling catheter or nephrostomy for a dilated kidney. The authors perform an endoscopic resection of the prostate with an associated trigonal resection if there is a dilated urinary system. This kind of treatment, in successful cases, permits a better quality of life without a catheter or nephrostomies. We analysed 63 patients treated in 6 years with an average 36-month follow-up; the success of the procedure was 83% for cervical TUR and 55% for trigonal TUR. In our experience TUR in prostatic cancer appears to be a safe procedure; in fact in our series there is no post-operative mortality or morbility and the treatment doesn't increase cancer dissemination.
Diagnostic imaging of renal pelvis tumours
Authors: Matricardi L. , Capra S. , Bertoli M. , Casoni S. , Busetti L. , Magri V. , Cunico S. Cosciani
Published: July 2019

— Renal pelvis tumours represent 5–10% of renal neoplasms. 75–80% are malignant and 90% of these are transitional cell tumours. Haematuria is the most common sign It is important that a correct management of diagnostic imaging should be followed. For this reason a retrospective study on 51 patients with carcinoma of the pelvicalices has been carried out. By comparing the association of all three examinations (ultrasonography, urine cytology and urography) a more specific diagnosis can be obtained. A single exam has already proved to be insufficient, and risks being false negative. Retrograde pyelography and CT also proved to be very useful in completing the diagnosis.
Follow-up of two cases of renal carcinomas trasmitted with cadaveric donor kidneys
Authors: Guermani P. , Manzo M. , Pigato M. , Alladio F. , Arena G. , Ferrando U. , De Natale A.
Published: July 2019

— The Authors report on two cases of inadvertently transplanted renal carcinomas and on a five-year follow-up after conservative surgery. They discuss the ethical-legal questions connected with this treatment option.
Bladder carcinoma and respiratory tract neoplastic associations
Authors: Marino G. , Perolino R. Marten
Published: July 2019

— From 1991 to April 1995, 490 patients with urogenital tract neoplasms were diagnosed in the Hospital Mauriziano of Turin. 68 (13.9%) patients showed a multiple primary malignant neoplasm (MPMN), of whom 13 had urothelial and respiratory tract neoplasm 13/68 (10.8%): 7 cases of bladder-laryngo neoplasm, 4 of bladder-lung neoplasm, 2 of bladder-nose neoplasm. Similar aetiological factors were involved in these associations (smoking, analgesic abuse and occupational exposure to industrial toxic substances) but the increase was due to correct histopathological classification, increase in single neoplasms (in particular larynx and bladder neoplasms) and increase in survival rate. Progressive reduction in mortality from cancer of the larynx may favour the increase of bladder-larynx neoplasm association recommending extreme vigilance of the patients. The Authors propose to patients with larynx neoplasm a follow-up with cytological urinary tests aimed at early discovery and treatment of the bladder neoplasm.
DNA analysis by using flow cytometry on vesical biopsy specimens: S-phase evaluation
Authors: D'Amico A. , Schiavone D. , Pianon R. , Rahmati M. , Mastroeni F. , Curti P. , Tallarigo C. , Azzolina L.S. , Erbici L. , Mobilio G.
Published: July 2019

— By using DNA flow cytometry (FCM) the Authors assessed the S-phase cell cycle values on 802 vesical biopsy samples removed from 293 patients who underwent urethrocystoscopy because of bladder tumours in progress or in the past. They found the following S-phase average percentage values: 12.70 ± 12.00 in transitional cell carcinomas; 10.54 ± 8.71 in urothelial dysplasias; 13.38 ± 12.05 in exfoliative cystitis; 10.27 ± 9.69 in aspecific inflammation; 7.35 ± 5.00 in normal urothelium. Such differences were statistically significant. Concerning urothelial carcinomas, the Authors noted different S-phase percentages according to stage, histological grade and ploidy. The analysis of average S-phase values demonstrated statistical significance. Instead the presence of wide standard deviations hampered the evaluation of well-determined thresholds which could identify cell populations with different clinical behaviour.
DNA analysis by using flow cytometry on vesical biopsy specimens: Ploidy evaluation
Authors: Pianon R. , Schiavone D. , D'Amico A. , Ficarra V. , Paganelli A. , Porcaro A.B. , Malossini G. , Azzolina L.S. , Erbici L. , Comunale L.
Published: July 2019

— The aim of this work is to assess the ploidy on a wide sample of biopsies, obtained from neoplastic or non-neoplastic vesical tissue, by using DNA flow cytometry (FCM). The Authors studied 837 biopsy specimens removed from 298 patients who underwent urethrocystoscopy because of bladder cancer in progress or in the past. Analysis of case histories shows that also normal histological urothelium presents aneuploidy in non-negligible percentages. Moreover the aneuploidy percentages progressively increase in aspecific inflammation, urothelial dysplasia and exfoliative cystitis, and reach the highest values in urothelial tumours. Lastly the relationship between ploidy and pathologic parameters is confirmed: in fact aneuploidy percentages increase according to the tumoral stage and the histological grade.
Intraoperative ultrasonography during parathyroidectomy
Authors: Trombetta C. , Lodolo C. , Moro U. , Liguori G. , Siracusano S. , Belgrano E.
Published: July 2019

— C.B., 52 years old, reported a history of recurrent renal colic. The first episode had occurred in 1988 and during the last colic a stone had been passed. The recurrence of renal colics suggested the necessity for metabolic and endocrinological screening. The basal serum parathyroid hormone concentration was 215.1 pg/ml. A sonographic exploration of the neck showed evidence of a hypoechoic mass located on the left side posterior to the thyroid gland. A 99mTC-MIBI scan confirmed the diagnosis of parathyroid adenoma. Surgical exploration of the neck was planned so as to visualize and remove the adenoma. With the help of intra-operative ultrasound a precise localization of the mass was obtained. The procedure was accomplished by means of a linear 5 MHz probe, introduced into a sterile container and positioned over the thyroid gland. After being localized, the adenoma was removed. Intra-operative sonography, repeated at the end of the procedure, confirmed complete removal of the mass.
Cutaneous continent urinary diversion: History, patient selection and preparation
Authors: Leoni S. , Spatafora S. , Arnaudi R.
Published: July 2019

– History. The first supravesical urinary diversion was carried out in 1908. The results of a large number of cutaneous tubularised continent pouches were published in the fifties. The poor results urged urologists to try to improve the continence mechanisms, but it was not until the eighties that these urinary diversions became a stable part of their armamentarium, thanks to the popularisation of the Koch pouch incorporating the principles of detubularisation, reconfiguration and disruption of the peristaltic integrity. After that there was an explosion of interest in continent pouches and new techniques. Nowadays the Indiana, Koch and Mainz pouches and those associated with the Benchekroun valve and the Mitrofanoff principle are the most popular. Patient selection. Nowadays heterotopic continent urinary diversions are performed after a total cystectomy when the urethra is impracticable. The primary goal of cutaneous pouches is to improve the quality of life; a reasonable life expectancy is therefore the first criterion. Patients must be capable of performing self catheterisation and their motivation and intellective compliance must be considered when suggesting these operations. Dementia, renal failure, bowel diseases, malabsorption and previous intestinal demolition are absolute contraindications. Relative contraindications are radiotherapy and cardio-respiratory diseases. Unlike other authors, we believe that a dry continent stoma is the best choice for obese patients. Patient preparation. The ideal patient preparation should be effective, fast, cheap and not create stress or weakness. Dehydration has to be avoided. The mechanical intestinal wash-out could be done either by total irrigation of the bowel with saline solution or by polyethylene glycol electrolyte lavage solution. Antibiotic prophylaxis against aerobic and anaerobic germs reduces the complication rate of intestinal surgery and has to be recommended. Major urological surgery has a high rate of thromboembolism. It is routine practice for us treat with sub-cutaneous calcium heparine in order to reduce post-operative deep venous thrombosis and fatal pulmonary embolisms.
Leiomyoma of the epididymis: Case report and literature review
Authors: Sercia F. , Cossaro E. , Ronconi C. , Laganà F. , Marchini M. , Pavon I.
Published: July 2019

– A case of epididymal leiomyoma is described and a review of literature confirms that this is rare tumour. Up to the present only 105 cases have been described. Treatment can be limited to simple enucleation by scrotal access.
Percutaneous ultrasound-guided treatment of simple renal cysts: Our experience
Authors: Raugei A. , Vici I. , Agostini S. , Rose A. Delle , Posti A. , Trinci E. , Pagliazzi A. , Nicita G. , Grechi G.
Published: July 2019

– Simple renal cysts are often found casually during ultrasound. When they cause flank or back pain, hypertension, renal calyceal or pelvic obstruction or deterioration in renal function, an operation is necessary. Ultrasound-guided percutaneous drainage and sclerotisation are currently considered the least invasive and safest management options compared to open surgery or video laparoscopy. This method was used from January 1993 to February 1997 to treat 60 patients with a success rate of 78% and no significant complications, except for a case of suppuration which was promptly resolved. Our experience showed that best results were obtained when a second alcoholisation was carried out and the catheter-drainage left in situ for three days to help in the collapse of cyst walls.
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy, TUR and radiotherapy in T2-T4 NO MO bladder carcinoma
Authors: Serretta V. , Corselli G. , Piazza F. , Ingargiola G.B. , Greco G. Lo , Pavone C. , Pavone-Macaluso M.
Published: July 2019

– Forty patients affected by locally advanced carcinoma of the bladder were submitted to up-front chemotherapy followed by TUR and radiotherapy. A complete response was obtained in 27 patients (67.5%). A residual mass was present in 13 (32.5%) patients. At a mean follow-up of 38 months (range: 18–112 months), 7 patients showed a recurrence that was superficial in 3 cases and infiltrating the muscular layer in 4. Fifteen patients (37.5%), 12 of whom disease-free, are alive with a mean survival of 65 months. Five more patients died of non-related disease.
Conservative surgery of renal cell carcinoma: Our experience
Authors: Comunale S. , Troiano L , Napolitano S. , Iudici P. , Giambusso A. , Blanco A. , Lentini A. , Gitana C. , Lauria F.
Published: July 2019

– The authors present their experience with bilateral renal cell carcinoma, as well as an assessment of the tumour for possible conservative surgery with partial mono or bilateral nephrectomy.
Fournier's disease: Case report
Authors: Panarisi S. , Barbera M. , Cammarata C. , Paola Q. , Solazzo G. , Curto F. , Curto G.
Published: July 2019

– Fournier's disease is an acute pathologic process of cellulitis and necrotising fascitis involving the male genitals with a mortality of 30–50%. The main causes are periurethral and perirectal infections, immuno-depressive syndromes, diabetes mellitus and traumas. Mixed types of infections involve aerobic and anaerobic germs, the latter being responsible for the necrosis of the subcutaneous tissue. Therapy is synergic and multi-disciplinary, antibiotic with radical and reconstructive surgery.
Colon-rectal oncological surgery: Assessment of andrological results
Authors: Gemelli R. , Martino L , Zagordi A. , Lanza P. , Ciacci A. , Arcuri V.
Published: July 2019

– The aim of this study was to highlight the andrological alteration deriving from removal of the colon for cancer. Eighty patients aged between 46 and 85 years were investigated to identify those who reported normal sexual activity at the time of the operation. The 42 patients selected in this way subsequently underwent echo colour Doppler of the penis. Results show that such radical surgery is damaging to sexual activity, the extent of which basically depends on the type of operation.