bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intrinsic influence of the stress on the optical properties of Panda-type erbium-doped fibers
Authors: Liu Xingchen , Wen Jianxiang , Dong Yanhua , Luo Yanhua , Shang Yana , Zhang Xiaobei , Pang Fufei , Wang Tingyun
Published: May 2024

In this study, erbium-doped fiber (EDF) and Panda-type polarization maintaining erbium-doped fiber (PM-EDF) were fabricated from the same erbium-doped preform. The intrinsic influence of stress induced by the Panda-type design on the optical properties was investigated. A local structural model of EDF was developed to simulate the introduction of stress by varying the length of non-bridging oxygen (NBO) bonds between erbium ions (Er3+) and the silica network, providing theoretical insights. An increase in bond length (indicative of tensile stress), results in decreased excitation and emission intensities for EDF, and the peaks exhibit redshifts. Conversely, a decrease in bond length (indicative of compressive stress), leads to increased excitation and emission intensities, with the peaks showing blueshifts. Experimentally, PM-EDF demonstrated a lower absorption coefficient compared to EDF, with absorption peaks experiencing redshifts of approximately 2 nm. Furthermore, the emission intensity was diminished, and the emission peak at 1530 nm displayed a redshift of around 3 nm. The fluorescence lifetime was shortened to 9.99 ms. Additionally, the total gain of PM-EDF decreased by approximately 4 dB, and the bandwidth narrowed by roughly 13%. The experimental outcomes largely align with the simulation predictions, further corroborating the significant impact of stress on the optical properties of PM-EDF.
Perovskite photodetector-based laser absorption spectroscopy for gas detection
Authors: Liu Peihan , Wang Chenyang , Yang He , Li Ying , Zhang Xinyue , Liu Xiuling , Li Yifan , Lou Cunguang
Published: May 2024

A gas detection method based on CH3NH3PbI3(MAPbI3) and poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): poly (4-styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) composite photodetectors (PDs) is proposed. The operation of the PD primarily relies on the photoelectric effect within the visible light band. Our study involves constructing a gas detection system based on tunable diode laser spectroscopy (TDLAS) and MAPbI3/PEDOT:PSS PD, and O2was selected as the target analyte. The system has achieved a minimum detection limit (MDL) of 0.12% and a normalized noise equivalent absorption coefficient (NNEA) of 8.83 × 10−11 cm-1⋅W⋅Hz-1/2. Furthermore, the Allan deviation analysis results indicate that the system can obtain sensitivity levels as low as 0.058% over an averaging time of 328 seconds. This marks the first use of MAPbI3/PEDOT:PSS PD in gas detection based on TDLAS. Despite the detector's performance leaves much to be desired, this innovation offers a new approach to developing spectral based gas detection system.
Integrated optical rotation detection scheme for chip-scale atomic magnetometer empowered by silicon-rich SiNx metalens
Authors: Hu Jinsheng , Liang Zihua , Zhou Peng , Liu Lu , Hu Gen , Du Pengcheng , Ye Mao
Published: May 2024

High-performance atomic magnetometers (AMs) rely on the measurement of optical rotation, which requires a set of bulky polarization optics that limit their applications in scenarios where portability and compactness are necessary. In this study, a miniaturized AM is constructed based on a cubic 87Rb vapor cell and monolithic metalens, which provides an integrated scheme to achieve optical rotation detection induced by the circular birefringence of polarized atoms. The designed metalens achieves polarization splitting with deflection angles of ±10∘ and focusing with efficiencies of approximately 30% for orthogonal linear polarizations. The sensitivity of our compact device is ∼30 fT/Hz1/2 with a dynamic range of around ±1.45 nT. We envision that the presented approach paves the way for the chip integration of emerging atomic devices, which are in demand for applications such as biomagnetic imaging and portable atomic gyroscopes.
Viewpoint-dependent lighting on polygonal holograms using bump mapping
Authors: Wang Fan , Blinder David , Udjaja Yogi , Ito Tomoyoshi , Shimobaba Tomoyoshi
Published: May 2024

Holograms can be observed from different viewpoints because light waves can be encoded to propagate in multiple directions. Thus, accurate holograms for 3D display should model viewpoint-dependent light reflections. We proposed a new hologram generation method for objects represented by polygonal meshes, whose lighting changes as the viewer moves, all while rendering smooth shading using low-poly objects. The proposed method leverages the bump mapping and converts it into a bump-phase map encoding propagation frequency and then spreads the reflected light wave so that only a specific viewpoint can receive them. Simulation experiments with small pixel pitches confirm the method's high computational performance.
Outlier analysis for accelerating clinical discovery: An augmented intelligence framework and a systematic review
Authors: Janoudi Ghayath , Uzun (Rada) Mara , Fell Deshayne B. , Ray Joel G. , Foster Angel M. , Giffen Randy , Clifford Tammy , Walker Mark C.
Published: May 2024

Clinical discoveries largely depend on dedicated clinicians and scientists to identify and pursue unique and unusual clinical encounters with patients and communicate these through case reports and case series. This process has remained essentially unchanged throughout the history of modern medicine. However, these traditional methods are inefficient, especially considering the modern-day availability of health-related data and the sophistication of computer processing. Outlier analysis has been used in various fields to uncover unique observations, including fraud detection in finance and quality control in manufacturing. We propose that clinical discovery can be formulated as an outlier problem within an augmented intelligence framework to be implemented on any health-related data. Such an augmented intelligence approach would accelerate the identification and pursuit of clinical discoveries, advancing our medical knowledge and uncovering new therapies and management approaches. We define clinical discoveries as contextual outliers measured through an information-based approach and with a novelty-based root cause. Our augmented intelligence framework has five steps: define a patient population with a desired clinical outcome, build a predictive model, identify outliers through appropriate measures, investigate outliers through domain content experts, and generate scientific hypotheses. Recognizing that the field of obstetrics can particularly benefit from this approach, as it is traditionally neglected in commercial research, we conducted a systematic review to explore how outlier analysis is implemented in obstetric research. We identified two obstetrics-related studies that assessed outliers at an aggregate level for purposes outside of clinical discovery. Our findings indicate that using outlier analysis in clinical research in obstetrics and clinical research, in general, requires further development.
The effects of two different fatigue protocols on movement quality during anticipated and unanticipated change of directions in female soccer players
Authors: Alimoradi Mohammad , Hosseini Elham , Sahebozamani Mansour , Dos’Santos Thomas , Sheikhbahaie Shima , Bigtashkhani Roya , Kabiri Aryan
Published: May 2024

Objective

This study compared neuromuscular control under two fatigue protocols during anticipated and unanticipated change of direction (COD) maneuvers and evaluated their effects on the risk of non-contact ACL injuries.

Method

Forty-five female soccer players (mean age: 22.22 ± 2.24 years; mean height: 166.24 ± 3.33 cm; mean mass: 59.84 ± 5.03 kg) were divided into three groups: functional fatigue (Soccer specific fatigue ptotocol-SOFT90), non-functional fatigue (Bruce protocol), and control group. Before and after the implementation of neuromuscular control fatigue protocols were evaluated using the cutting motion assessment score tool (CMAS). Two-dimensional (2D) videos were recorded during anticipated and unanticipated COD trials for both dominant and non-dominant legs.

Results

Significant time effects (p < 0.05) and group-time interactions (p < 0.05) were observed in both anticipated and unanticipated conditions for both dominant and non-dominant legs after the fatigue protocols. The functional fatigue group exhibited higher CMAS changes, indicating poorer movement quality following fatigue. Notably, the non-dominant leg displayed amplified deficits during unanticipated COD maneuvers following the functional fatigue protocol.

Conclusions

Fatigue significantly impairs neuromuscular control, particularly in unanticipated COD situations, which increases the risk of non-contact ACL injuries. To mitigate this risk, coaches, trainers, and medical professionals should prioritize targeted training and injury prevention strategies, focusing on the non-dominant leg during unanticipated COD maneuvers.
Wiedemann-Rautenstrauch syndrome. The first description of a clinical case in the Russian Federation
Authors: Kungurtseva A. L. , Popovich A. V. , Tikhonovich Y. V. , Vitebskaya A. V.
Published: May 2024

Wiedemann-Rautenstrauch syndrome (neonatal progeroid syndrome) is an ultra-orphan disease from the group of premature aging syndromes with an autosomal recessive type of inheritance associated with mutations in the POLR3A, POLR3B, and POLR3GL genes encoding RNA polymerase III. The incidence of the disease is currently unknown. We present the first clinical description in Russian Federation of a patient 7 years 6 months old with Wiedemann-Rautenstrauch syndrome (compound heterozygous mutations in POLR3A gene) with progeroid features, adentia, growth retardation (height SDS -3,41, height velocity SDS -2,47), underweight (BMI SDS -6,20), and generalized lipodystrophy. The article presents the observation of the patient for 1.5 years, the world experience of dynamic follow-up of patients with neonatal progeroid syndrome, differential diagnosis, as well as recommendations for the management of patients with this syndrome. Given the lack of specific treatment to date, patients are observed by a multidisciplinary team of physicians.
A CÓLERA EM MAPAS: TEORIAS MÉDICAS, RACIOCÍNIO GEOGRÁFICO E CARTOGRAFIA NO SÉCULO XIX
Authors: Rios Gabriela Leal
Published: May 2024

O presente artigo busca, através de uma análise comparativa entre diferentes mapas de surtos de cólera no século XIX, discutir de que formas a cartografia se inseriu no processo do pensamento geográfico relacionado às doenças e suas causas no período proposto. Pretende-se comparar um certo número de mapas escolhidos que demonstram que a cartografia, além de uma forma de destacar áreas nas quais havia um maior ou menor número de casos da doença, participava diretamente da defesa de certa teoria quanto à sua causa, a depender dos elementos escolhidos a serem representados nos mapas. Nesse sentido, em um período no qual as causas da cólera ainda não eram claras para o saber médico, o raciocínio geográfico se associa a este, combinando diferentes características espacializadas aos casos pontuais da doença, na busca de um possível esclarecimento quanto à sua origem. Além disso, a comparação dos mapas nos permite acessar uma compreensão quanto ao papel da produção do mapa ao longo do raciocínio geográfico associado aos surtos e suas particularidades, podendo estes adquirir uma função ilustrativa do processo de pensamento, ou como uma ferramenta ativa de compreensão, de forma a tornar visíveis informações associadas que permitiriam certo esclarecimento acerca da difusão da doença no espaço.
VLA4 Gene Polymorphism and Susceptibility to Multiple Sclerosis in Slovaks
Authors: Ďurmanová Vladimíra , Shawkatová I. , Javor J. , Párnická Z. , Čopíková-Cudráková D. , Turčáni P. , Lisá I. , Gajdošechová B. , Buc M. , Bucová M.
Published: May 2024

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory autoimmune disease occurring in genetically sensitive individuals. As migration of immune cells into the CNS is facilitated by the Very Late Antigen 4 (VLA-4) integrin molecule, the VLA4 gene may be considered as a plausible candidate genetic risk factor for susceptibility to MS. Therefore, the objective of our study was to investigate the association between two genetic polymorphisms located in the VLA4 gene and the risk of multiple sclerosis. One hundred seventeen MS patients and 165 control subjects from Slovakia were genotyped for VLA4 gene SNP polymorphisms at positions 269 (C/A) and 3061 (A/G). The same study cohorts were also genotyped for the rs3135388 polymorphism tagging the HLA-DRB1*15:01 allele, which is a known genetic factor associated with susceptibility to develop MS in many populations. Our findings show for the first time that the rs3135388 polymorphism is a strong risk factor for MS in the Slovak population. Investigation of the VLA4 gene polymorphisms revealed a significantly higher frequency of the 3061AG genotype in MS patients compared to the controls (P ≤ 0.05). We suggest that the 3061AG polymorphic variant is an independent genetic risk factor for MS development in our population as it was significantly associated with this disease. The association was also confirmed after applying multivariate logistic-regression analysis adjusted for gender, age and HLA-DRB1*15:01 positivity as possible influencing factors.
Association of MicroRNA-146a rs2910164 Gene Polymorphism with Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Mehanna Eman T. , Ghattas M. H. , Mesbah N. M. , Saleh S. M. , Abo-Elmatty D. M.
Published: May 2024

Alteration in microRNA-146a (miRNA- 146a) expression is an important event in the pathogenesis of many human diseases. MiRNA-146a rs2910164 is a functional polymorphism that showed association with several diseases. Metabolic syndrome is an aggregation of multiple risk factors including impaired glucose tolerance, increased highdensity lipoprotein, abdominal obesity, and high blood pressure. The aim of this study was to assess the relation of miRNA-146a rs2910164 with metabolic syndrome and its component traits in Egyptian women from the Suez Canal area. The study included 100 healthy female subjects and 100 metabolic syndrome patients. The component traits of metabolic syndrome were determined and the genotypes of the polymorphisms were assessed using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism technique using the restriction enzyme Hpy188I. The rare C allele had a significantly higher frequency in metabolic syndrome patients (P = 0.013). The heterozygote GC and the rare CC genotypes showed a significant increase in body mass index, waist circumference, triglycerides, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, systolic and diastolic blood pressure. The GC genotype was associated with higher fasting blood glucose, fasting serum insulin and insulin resistance. The carriers of CC genotype had significantly lower HDL compared with the GG genotype carriers. In conclusion, The C allele of miRNA-146a rs2910164 showed positive association with increased susceptibility to metabolic syndrome and its phenotypes in the study population.
Comparative study of the leaf anatomy of Dendrobium species (Orchidaceae) from South Kalimantan, Indonesia and its taxonomic significance
Authors: Makruf Muhammad Irfan , Maryani  , Susandarini Ratna
Published: May 2024

Dendrobium Sw. is a genus with high species diversity in the Orchidaceae family. One of the difficulties in identifying Dendrobium species is when the specimens bear no flowers or other fertile structures. The use of leaf anatomical characters for species identification is one of the possible solutions in dealing with sterile specimens. In this study, leaf anatomy was examined to assess its taxonomic significance in differentiating species and constructing phenetic relationships between sections within the genus Dendrobium. Sixteen specimens of Dendrobium from 14 species belonging to 9 sections were collected from South Kalimantan. Observations of leaf cross-sections resulted in 60 anatomical characters used for revealing taxonomic relationships between species using cluster analysis and principal component analysis. The result of the cluster analysis showed that the 14 species of Dendrobium were grouped into 3 clusters. The grouping patterns of species were corresponded to sectional classification.  The results of the principal component analysis indicated that the characters of the vascular bundles, hypodermis, epidermis and cuticle showed a major role in recognizing species from different sections. This study confirmed the role of leaf anatomy as taxonomic evidence for the identification of sterile specimens and for supporting classification at a sectional level in the genus Dendrobium.
Morphological and physiological properties of kratom (Mitragyna speciosa) leaves: Macronutrients, phytochemicals, antioxidants, and mitragynine content
Authors: Phromchan Wethanee , Defri Ifwarisan , Saensano Chutikarn , Chookaew Anuthida , Chiarawipa Rawee , Sriwiriyajan Somchai
Published: May 2024

Morpho-physiological characteristics of leaves are significantly associated with photosynthetic capacity and leaf growth. This study was designed to evaluate the relationship between leaf functional traits, nutrients, and their active compounds throughout the developmental stages of kratom leaves. Five growth stages were identified: S1 (7-15 days), S2 (15-30 days), S3 (30-45 days), S4 (45-60 days), and S5 (60-75 days). A comparison of leaf-group stages was conducted based on morpho-physiological traits, macronutrient content, phytochemical analysis, and antioxidant activity. The results revealed that leaf weight and leaf area increased from S1 to S5, with a slight decrease observed in S5. Stomatal density remained similar across all stages. In contrast, chlorophyll and carotenoid contents showed a steady increase up to the S5 stage. The maximum assimilation rate (Amax) and light-saturated photosynthetic rate (Pmax) were achieved at the S2 and S3 stages. Macronutrient levels (N, P, and K) were highest in the younger leaf-group stages (S1 to S2) and significantly different from the older leaf-group stages (S4 to S5). The highest amount of phenolics, flavonoids, and antioxidant activity were found in the middle leaf-group stage (S3). However, anthocyanin content tended to decrease with leaf-group stages. Moreover, the mitragynine content continuously decreased with leaf age, with the highest content found in the young (S1 to S2) and middle (S3) group stages of leaves. Therefore, the productive phytochemical contents in the fully expanded leaves should be considered, especially mitragynine content, which is mainly used in medicinal products.
Overview of an introduced species, Tara cacalaco (Bonpl.) Molinari & Sánchez Och. (Leguminosae) in India: With a brief review on its utility and phytochemistry
Authors: Verma Anu , Kashyap Shivani , Pandey Vashist Narayan , Sahu Chandan Kumar , Chaudhary Lal Babu
Published: May 2024

Tara cacalaco (Bonpl.) Molinari & Sánchez Och., native to Mexico, was introduced as an ornamental plant at India in the AJCB Indian Botanic Garden, Howrah, West Bengal, in 1845. The present work highlights the distribution of the species in the botanical garden of the CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, as an ornamental plant. Given that this species is poorly known in India, a detailed description is provided, along with other taxonomic information, line drawings, and colored photographs to facilitate its easy identification. In its native Mexico, the wood and pods of this species are highly utilized for dyeing or carpentry. Additionally, a brief overview of the ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, and pharmacology of the species is discussed.
Miniaturized textile flexible antenna with electromagnetic band gap for wearable application
Authors: Li Lei , Cao Jingxu , Xu Ruifeng , Gao Jing , Nan Jingchang
Published: May 2024

A miniaturized all-textile wearable antenna based on the Electromagnetic Band Gap (EBG) is proposed for the ISM (2.40–2.48 GHz) band. The denim fabric is used as the substrate of the antenna ensuring the comfortability. To reduce the Specific Absorption Rate (SAR), a “✳” shaped miniaturized EBG array with identical fabric is introduced and the size is decreased by corner-cutting at the end of slits. After loading the EBG, the gain is increased by 4 dBi, and the front-to-back ratio (FBR) is improved by about 9 dB. Moreover, the overall size of the antenna is 48 × 54 × 3 mm3, reduced by 37 %. The bandwidth and radiation characteristics in free space are measured in various scenarios such as planar, different bending directions and degrees, all of which can meet the wearable requirements. The SAR is characterized by calculating the electromagnetic field distribution in the human tissue model. The results show that the SAR can reach 0.34 W/kg (1 g/cm3), a decrease of 93 %.
R dot approach for kinetic modelling of WGS over noble metals
Authors: Mandapaka Ravi Kiran
Published: May 2024

Water Gas shift reaction (WGS) kinetics are prominent in reactions involving hydrocarbons. Often the rate expressions developed for WGS have narrow application for wider experimental conditions. On the other hand, DFT based microkinetic models developed for WGS can predict the experimental trend, however, developing rate expressions for the same can be difficult owing to the validity of different approximations and assumptions. In this context, R dot approach has been used in this study to develop rate expressions for WGS over Pt, Rh. Using this approach, the rate determining steps of the mechanisms proposed, validation with experimental data and most abundant reaction intermediate (MARI) analysis was carried out. Based on the interpreted results it has been seen that the R dot approach was able to predict the experimental trend to good degree of accuracy in line with the predictions of quasi steady state (QSS) approach.
Application and research of English composition tangent model based on unsupervised semantic space
Authors: Tang Rihong
Published: May 2024

Nowadays, major enterprises and schools vigorously promote the combination of information technology and subject teaching, among which automatic grading technology is more widely used. In order to improve the efficiency of English composition correction, the study proposes an unsupervised semantic space model for English composition tangent, using a Hierarchical Topic Tree Hybrid Semantic Space to achieve topic representation and clustering in English composition; adopts a feature dimensionality reduction method to select a set of semantic features to complete the optimization of the feature semantic space; and combines the tangent analysis algorithm to achieve intelligent scoring of English composition. The experimental data show that the accuracy and F-value of the English composition tangent analysis method based on the semantic space are significantly improved, and the Pearson correlation coefficient between the unsupervised semantic space English composition tangent model and the teacher’s manual grading is 0.8936. The results show that the unsupervised semantic space English composition tangent model has a higher accuracy rate, is more applicable, and can efficiently complete the English composition grading task: essay review task.
Production and characterization of waste walnut shell powder that can be used as a sustainable eco-friendly reinforcement in biocomposites
Authors: Çevik Bekir , Avşar Yücel
Published: May 2024

The rapid depletion of natural resources and the increase of environmental problems due to production-related waste necessitate sustainable waste management. In particular, reintroducing by-products and waste generated by agricultural activities into the economy is critical to reduce environmental pollution, solve the storage problem, and promote sustainability. Agricultural wastes such as fiber, husks, cobs, stalks, straw, dust, and particles are recyclable and can be innovatively reused in various sectors. One of the innovative fields where sustainable agricultural waste management can be implemented is the development of biocomposites. One of the most important steps in the production of biocomposites reinforced with agricultural waste is processing the waste biomass and making it usable as a reinforcing element. This study investigated the production of powder reinforcements for biocomposite material from the biomass of walnut shells using a ring mill. The walnut shells, mechanically reduced in size, were first dried at 100 °C for 3 h and ground at four different grinding times (10, 20, 30, and 40 min). Afterward, the waste walnut shell powders were subjected to sieve analysis and precise weight measurements. Then, the waste walnut shell powders, which were dried at 100 °C for 3 h and ground for 40 min, were subjected to a second drying process at 100 °C (60, 180, and 300 min) and ground again for 40 min. Then, the resulting waste walnut shell powders were subjected to sieve analysis, precision weight measurements, and microscopic, and SEM analyses to determine the characterization of the powders.
The Military Expenditure – Economic Growth Nexus Revisited: Evidence from the United Kingdom
Authors: Hanson Robert , Jeon Joo Young
Published: May 2024

The relationship between government defence expenditure and economic growth is a debated topic. This study uses UK data for the period of 1960–2012 and applies two of the most prevailing theories used within the literature, the ‘Feder-Ram’ and the ‘augmented Solow’ models, to assess this question. We utilise traditional model specifications, alongside extensively altered versions of both models, enabling a comprehensive comparison between them. The alterations to the models include re-evaluating how core variables are expressed, inclusion of measures of conflict, the impact of recession, etc. The results show that the augmented Solow model outperforms the Feder-Ram model, and we provide some explanations for this result. In addition, our results suggest that military expenditure has a positive effect on economic growth within the UK, implying that the decision to reduce defence spending may have been detrimental to the UK economy.
Systems Genetics Analyses Reveals Key Genes Related to Behavioral Traits in the Striatum of CFW Mice
Authors: Han Zhe , Yang Chunhua , He Hongjie , Huang Tingting , Yin Quanting , Tian Geng , Wu Yuyong , Hu Wei , Lu Lu , Bajpai Akhilesh Kumar , Mi Jia , Xu Fuyi
Published: May 2024

The striatum plays a central role in directing many complex behaviors ranging from motor control to action choice and reward learning. In our study, we used 55 male CFW mice with rapid decay linkage disequilibrium to systematically mine the striatum-related behavioral functional genes by analyzing their striatal transcriptomes and 79 measured behavioral phenotypic data. By constructing a gene coexpression network, we clustered the genes into 13 modules, with most of them being positively correlated with motor traits. Based on functional annotations as well as Fisher's exact and hypergeometric distribution tests, brown and magenta modules were identified as core modules. They were significantly enriched for striatal-related functional genes. Subsequent Mendelian randomization analysis verified the causal relationship between the core modules and dyskinesia. Through the intramodular gene connectivity analysis,Adcy5andKcnma1were identified as brown and magenta module hub genes, respectively. Knock outs of bothAdcy5andKcnma1lead to motor dysfunction in mice, andKCNMA1acts as a risk gene for schizophrenia and smoking addiction in humans. We also evaluated the cellular composition of each module and identified oligodendrocytes in the striatum to have a positive role in motor regulation.
Complexity Matters: Normalization to Prototypical Viewpoint Induces Memory Distortion along the Vertical Axis of Scenes
Authors: Wu(吴奕忱) Yichen , Li(李晟) Sheng
Published: May 2024

Scene memory is prone to systematic distortions potentially arising from experience with the external world. Boundary transformation, a well-known memory distortion effect along the near-far axis of the three-dimensional space, represents the observer's erroneous recall of scenes’ viewing distance. Researchers argued that normalization to the prototypical viewpoint with the high-probability viewing distance influenced this phenomenon. Herein, we hypothesized that the prototypical viewpoint also exists in the vertical angle of view (AOV) dimension and could cause memory distortion along scenes’ vertical axis. Human subjects of both sexes were recruited to test this hypothesis, and two behavioral experiments were conducted, revealing a systematic memory distortion in the vertical AOV in both the forced choice (n = 79) and free adjustment (n = 30) tasks. Furthermore, the regression analysis implied that the complexity information asymmetry in scenes’ vertical axis and the independent subjective AOV ratings from a large set of online participants (n = 1,208) could jointly predict AOV biases. Furthermore, in a functional magnetic resonance imaging experiment (n = 24), we demonstrated the involvement of areas in the ventral visual pathway (V3/V4, PPA, and OPA) in AOV bias judgment. Additionally, in a magnetoencephalography experiment (n = 20), we could significantly decode the subjects’ AOV bias judgments ∼140 ms after scene onset and the low-level visual complexity information around the similar temporal interval. These findings suggest that AOV bias is driven by the normalization process and associated with the neural activities in the early stage of scene processing.
APTAMER TABANLI TANIMLAMA YÖNTEMİ VE GIDA GÜVENLİĞİNDEKİ UYGULAMALARI
Authors: Canpolat Melike , Kesmen Zülal
Published: May 2024

Aptamerler, tek sarmallı, kısa, sentetik nükleik asit dizileridir. Çeşitli hedef moleküllere karşı yüksek afinite gösteren ve spesifik olarak bağlanan aptamerler, gıdalarda bulunabilecek patojen mikroorganizmalar, biyotoksinler, alerjenler, pestisitler ve ağır metaller gibi çeşitli risk faktörlerinin hassas bir şekilde tespiti için kullanılmaktadır. Gıda güvenliği açısından risk oluşturan moleküllere spesifik olarak bağlanan aptamerlerin seçilmesi SELEX adı verilen bir süreçle gerçekleştirilir. Seçilen aptamer, hedef molekül ile özgün olarak etkileşime girer ve bu etkileşim elektrokimyasal, optik veya diğer biyosensör teknikler kullanılarak ölçülür. Gıda analizlerinde kullanılan geleneksel yöntemlere kıyasla daha hızlı sonuçlar veren, yüksek özgüllüğe ve duyarlılığa sahip aptamer tabanlı yöntemlere duyulan ilgi giderek artmaktadır. Bu derlemede aptamerlerin genel özellikleri ve SELEX prensibiyle üretimleri özetlenmiş ve gıda güvenliği alanındaki uygulamalarına örnekler verilmiştir.
Can We Really Control Giant Open Complex Systems?
Authors: Sheng Andrew
Published: May 2024

Human society and nature interact through complex interconnections and interdependencies. Using Chinese scientist Qian Xuesen’s concept of Giant Open Complex Systems, this paper argues that if human beings are themselves such open complex systems, their interaction with other human beings and nature create co-relative, co-creative interactions that cannot be reduced to simple reductionist principles that enable prediction and control. We should therefore have few illusions that we can fully control human destinies under current theories and policies.
Can a Basic Income Make the Digital Revolution More Sustainable and Inclusive?
Authors: Menegatti Emanuele
Published: May 2024

We are currently unsure whether the digital revolution will herald the end of work or whether it represents another evolutionary phase, similar to previous industrial revolutions. However, the changes in work brought about by AI and automation are already exerting negative impacts on both employment and people’s income. In this context, this article delves into the potential role of social law in mitigating these adverse effects. With this objective in mind, the author advocates for a departure from our current model of social inclusion in favour of broader income support mechanisms. The author expounds on how a universal basic income could contribute to steering the digital revolution with the aim of facilitating a more inclusive and effective transition into the digital era.
The Legal Situation of Operators of Essential Services and Digital Service Providers in the Provisions of the Act of 5 July 2018 on the National Cybersecurity System
Authors: Etel Maciej
Published: May 2024

The Act of 5 July 2018 on the National Cybersecurity System and its accompanying executive regulations have introduced into Polish law the provisions of the Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council of 6 July 2016 concerning measures for a high common level of security of network and information systems across the Union (UE) 2016/1148. The fundamental reason for these regulations was to establish a coherent system to ensure the cyber security of the Republic of Poland with accordance to standards adopted for European Union Member States. This paper presents the legal situation of operators of essential services and digital service providers that was created by the provisions of the ANCS. The ANCS not only identifies operators of essential services, digital service providers, and their assigned obligations, but also addresses the competent authorities’ tasks of supervising, inspecting and imposing penalties within the cyber security system. The findings, assessments and conclusions presented here are based on the interpretation of the provisions of the ANCS and are supported by prominent claims of academic representatives. The analyses contained within this paper aim to show that despite the comprehensible and contemporary ratio legis – which falls within the framework of pursuing the state of digital safety – the provisions of the ANCS require adjustments that acknowledge the legal situation of operators of essential services and digital service providers.
Trade Secrets in the Digital Age: How Do the Measures Provided for in EU Law Face the Challenges of Protecting an Employer’s Trade Secrets against Unauthorised Acquisition, Use and Disclosure by Its Employees?
Authors: Korycińska-Rządca Paulina
Published: May 2024

One of the natural consequences of the development of technology is that an entrepreneur’s confidential information, including trade secrets, is commonly stored in electronic files. This form of information storage inevitably entails challenges in the area of its protection. The coronavirus pandemic has drastically accelerated the process of dissemination of new models of employment, in particular remote (distance) work and cloud working, and has made the protection of an entrepreneur’s secrets against unauthorised use even more complicated. This is due to the fact that in such models of employment, employees obtain access to their employer’s data remotely, which may decrease the employer’s level of control. To remedy this, employers may undertake various steps aimed at ensuring that their secrets are well protected; however, such actions may affect the free movement and mobility of workers. The purpose of this article is to verify how, in these circumstances, the measures provided for in EU law face the challenges of protecting an employer’s secrets against unauthorised use by employees and how they define the scope to which they can be applied without the abuse of employees’ rights and unjustified restrictions on their mobility. For that purpose, the author analyses in particular Directive (EU) 2016/943 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 8 June 2016 on the Protection of Undisclosed Know-How and Business Information (Trade Secrets) against Their Unlawful Acquisition, Use and Disclosure. This research is based mainly on the dogmatic method of analysis.
The Digitalisation of Tools for Workers’ Representation in Europe and Spain: A First Approach
Authors: Boto Jose Maria Miranda , Brameshuber Elisabeth
Published: May 2024

The unstoppable digitalisation of work also brings with it alterations at the collective level of labour relations. On the one hand, the dispersal of the workforce entails the breaking of traditional ties of proximity, which engendered solidarity among workers. On the other hand, however, new technologies can contribute decisively to the development of representation activity, also being a fruitful field for collective bargaining. Through a synthetic examination of comparative law, several of these possibilities are presented, and how they fit with Spanish law is analysed. Among the subjects addressed are digital tools that can favour tasks in representation. In addition to the legislative dimension, the study takes into account the latest developments in jurisprudence and collective bargaining.
Changes in categorization or nomenclature within neuroendocrine tumors
Authors: Vocino Trucco Giulia , Volante Marco
Published: May 2024

Graphical abstract

The 5th edition of the World Health Organization (WHO) classification of neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) is built to achieve a uniform terminology and to define a similar diagnostic scheme across different anatomic locations. Since the 4th edition, a chapter discussing NENs in nonneuroendocrine organs has been introduced, which proposes a binary system for classification segregating well-differentiated neoplasms, termed neuroendocrine tumors (NETs), and poorly differentiated neoplasms, termed neuroendocrine carcinomas (NECs). A grading system for NETs is based on mitotic index and/or Ki-67 index and/or necrosis, depending on the different locations. Although this approach has been already well established in the digestive system, it modifies and homogenizes the classification of NENs in the urinary tract, in female genital organs, and in the male genital system. In the lung and thymus, the double terminology of carcinoid/NET, already introduced in the 5th edition of the WHO classification of thoracic tumors, is endorsed. This approach undoubtedly helps the multidisciplinary approach for the diagnosis and clinical management of patients affected by these neoplasms, without losing site-specific characteristics that influence the clinical and biological behavior of tumors in different anatomical sites. Other major advances of the new WHO scheme are the homogenization of epidemiological data and the correct integration of data from prospective future studies aimed at the definition of molecular profiles and at the identification of tumor type-specific and patient-specific therapeutic approaches.
Precious Metals in the Holocene Sediments of the Chukchi Sea
Authors: Астахова Н.В. , Колесник О.Н. , Астахов А.С. , Ши С. , Ху Л. , Алаторцев А.В.
Published: May 2024

Изучено распределение золота, серебра и элементов платиновой группы (Pd, Pt, Rh, Ir, Ru) в двух колонках донных осадков южной части Чукотского моря. Установлено значительное обогащение этими элементами, за исключением Ru и Rh голоценовых пелит-алевритовых осадков с возрастом до 4 тыс. лет, относительно их кларка в земной коре. При электронно-микрозондовом анализе самородные минералы серебра встречены по всем пробам, минералы золота только в поверхностном слое осадков колонки, наиболее близкой к побережью Чукотки. При анализе данных по химическому составу, гранулометрии, содержания органического вещества с использованием методов многокомпонентной статистики обосновано накопление благородных металлов в кластогенной и хемогенной формах. Аномально высокое содержание золота 0.3 г/т в современных осадках вблизи побережья Чукотки, возможно, обусловлено дополнительным выносом его с материка из-за разработки россыпных месторождений на суше.

We studied the distribution of gold, silver, and platinum group elements (Pd, Pt, Rh, Ir, and Ru) in two bottom sediment cores of the southern Chukchi Sea. It is shown that the Holocene pelite–silty sediments with an age of up to 4.0 ka BP are significantly enriched in these elements, except for Ru and Rh, relative to their clarkes. Native silver minerals were found in all samples by probe microanalysis, whereas gold minerals were revealed only in the surface layer of the sediment core closest to the Chukchi Sea coast. Multicomponent statistical analysis of the chemical composition and grain size of the sediments and the content of organic matter in them has led to the conclusion about the accumulation of clastogenic and chemogenic forms of precious metals. The abnormally high content of gold (0.3 ppm) in the recent sediments near the Chukchi Peninsula coast might be due to its additional removal from the continent as a result of the placer mining there.
Imaging and MR Spectroscopy in Papillary Craniopharyngioma
Authors: Mahajan Ashima , Bheru Dan Charan  , Sushant Agarwal  , Vinay Goel  , Devarajan Sebastian Leve Joseph , Suri Vaishali , Suri Ashish , Garg Ajay
Published: May 2024

Sellar-suprasellar masses exhibit a diverse range of differential diagnoses and it is feasible to establish a preliminary diagnosis before surgery by evaluating conventional CT scans and contrast-enhanced MRI results. Nevertheless, certain cases may present with inconclusive findings, making it challenging to anticipate the underlying tissue composition accurately through imaging alone. Researchers have explored the application of Proton MR spectroscopy in analyzing suprasellar tumors, and their investigations have revealed that it can complement traditional MRI by enhancing the accuracy of preoperative diagnoses. In this context, we report three biopsy-proven cases of suprasellar papillary craniopharyngioma where the MRS spectra derived from the solid component exhibited noticeable lipid peaks alongside reduced levels of choline and NAA. These findings played a pivotal role in facilitating the correct preoperative identification of papillary craniopharyngioma.
Challenges of the Common Foreign and Security Policy of the European Union after Russia-Ukraine War
Authors: Gorgiladze Marita
Published: May 2024

The outbreak of the Russia-Ukraine war marked a geopolitical awakening for the EU. It prompted a reevaluation of EU foreign and security policies, revealing shortcomings in direction and cohesion. The EU reacted to Russia‘s war of aggression against Ukraine, which began on February 24, 2022, by imposing severe and unprecedented sanctions against it. The economic penalties are intended to hold Russia accountable for its conduct and to successfully obstruct Russian efforts to prolong the attack. Those who support, finance, carry out, or who gain from actions that undermine Ukraine‘s territorial integrity, sovereignty, or independence is the subject of individual sanctions.The CFSP, governed by the Treaty on European Union, is primarily enforced through Council decisions, with Article 29 being a key provision used for adopting foreign policy positions and imposing sanctions. However, the legal nature of CFSP decisions, often considered „soft law,“ presents challenges in their implementation and enforcement. Additionally, the paper discusses the procedural aspects of adopting restrictive measures, highlighting the complexities involved in unanimity among Member States and the subsequent enforcement at the national level.Judicial review of CFSP decisions, particularly in the context of sanctions, is explored through case analyses. The paper examines recent court cases related to CFSP decisions, including challenges to sanctions imposed on individuals and entities. The analysis underscores the difficulties courts face in balancing CFSP objectives with fundamental rights, particularly regarding media regulation and freedom of expression.The paper concludes by emphasizing the need for a more unified and effective CFSP framework, especially in the face of evolving geopolitical challenges. It highlights the importance of addressing the shortcomings in CFSP decision-making processes and ensuring a balanced approach to judicial review to uphold the rule of law and fundamental rights while enhancing the EU‘s external actions‘ legitimacy and efficacy.
New Nomos of the Earth? Perspectives of the Order in the Age of Chaos
Authors: Okoński Jan
Published: May 2024

The article “The New Nomos of the Earth? Perspectives of the Order in the age of chaos” by Jan Okoński presents the concept of Nomos and its interpretations against the background of a changing global order. The author presented an analysis of the Nomos as a symbol of justice (similar to such ideas as: ius, maat, and tao) and Carl Schmitt’s analysis of this term, which is important from the point of view of the philosophy of law. Nomos is word derived from ancient Greek, a concept that somehow unites the plane of factuality and the plane of validity of law. In the word Nomos, there is contained, a strange, paradoxical union of violence and justice. The Italian philosopher and researcher of the thought of C. Schmitt, Giorgio Agamben, has pointed out that Hobbes’s sovereign is the only one that remains in a state of nature, retaining his “ius contra omnes”, we may say, perhaps along similar lines to the states in the UN Security Council. These considerations are set against the background of the former China-centred system of international relations in Asia and the current attempts to transform the global order. Nomos is proving to be an ever-present concept that, although not as popular as other ideas from ancient Greece, casts clear light on issues of the validity of law in general and helps to make the evolution of the global order easier to understand. Through the prism of the concept of Nomos, it can be seen that the old world order, crystallised by the Europeans, can be marginalised by the change of the global power relations. This is not a new process, for it has already occurred in history. It is clear from the content of the article that law has appeared, since ancient times, to be paradoxically linked to violence and the possibility of initiating it.
Pratibha distribution with properties and application
Authors: Shanker Rama
Published: May 2024

As we all know that the modeling and analysis of lifetime data is very challenging due to stochastic nature of data. In this paper, a new one parameter lifetime distribution named Pratibha distribution has been suggested for modeling lifetime data. Its statistical properties, estimation of parameter and an application have been discussed. The goodness of fit of Pratibha distribution has been compared with one parameter exponential, Lindley, Garima, Komal, Akash, Sujatha and Shanker distributions and the fit shows quite satisfactory.