bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An ecological network approach for detecting and validating influential organisms for rice growth
Authors: Ushio Masayuki , Saito Hiroki , Tojo Motoaki , Nagano Atsushi J
Published: May 2023

How to achieve sustainable food production while reducing environmental impacts is a major concern in agricultural science, and advanced breeding techniques are promising for achieving such goals. However, rice is usually grown under field conditions and influenced by surrounding ecological community members. How ecological communities influence the rice performance in the field has been underexplored despite the potential of ecological communities to establish an environment-friendly agricultural system. In the present study, we demonstrate an ecological-network-based approach to detect potentially influential, previously overlooked organisms for rice (Oryza sativa). First, we established small experimental rice plots, and measured rice growth and monitored ecological community dynamics intensively and extensively using quantitative environmental DNA metabarcoding in 2017 in Japan. We detected more than 1000 species (including microbes and macrobes such as insects) in the rice plots, and nonlinear time series analysis detected 52 potentially influential organisms with lower-level taxonomic information. The results of the time series analysis were validated under field conditions in 2019 by field manipulation experiments. In 2019, we focused on two species, Globisporangium nunn and Chironomus kiiensis, whose abundance was manipulated in artificial rice plots. The responses of rice, namely, the growth rate and gene expression patterns, were measured before and after the manipulation. We confirmed that, especially in the G. nunn-added treatment, rice growth rate and gene expression pattern were changed. In the present study, we demonstrated that intensive monitoring of an agricultural system and the application of nonlinear time series analysis were helpful to identify influential organisms under field conditions. Although the effects of the manipulations were relatively small, the research framework presented here has future potential to harness the ecological complexity and utilize it in agriculture. Our proof-of-concept study would be an important basis for the further development of field-basis system management.
Green city logistics path planning and design based on genetic algorithm
Authors: Ran Limin , Ran Shengnan , Meng Chunmei
Published: May 2023

Effective logistics distribution paths are crucial in enhancing the fundamental competitiveness of an enterprise. This research introduces the genetic algorithm for logistics routing to address pertinent research issues, such as suboptimal scheduling of time-sensitive orders and reverse distribution of goods. It proposes an enhanced scheme integrating the Metropolis criterion. To address the limited local search ability of the genetic algorithm, this study combines the simulated annealing algorithm’s powerful local optimization capability with the genetic algorithm, thereby developing a genetic algorithm with the Metropolis criterion. The proposed method preserves the optimal chromosome in each generation population and accepts inferior chromosomes with a certain probability, thereby enhancing the likelihood of finding an optimal local solution and achieving global optimization. A comparative study is conducted with the Ant Colony Optimization, Artificial Bee Colony, and Particle Swarm Optimization algorithms, and empirical findings demonstrate that the proposed genetic algorithm effectively achieves excellent results over these algorithms.
A influência dos relacionamentos interorganizacionais no desempenho de empresas hoteleiras
Authors: Vieira Daniel Pires , Reyes Júnior Edgar , Vásquez Pamela Lylibeth Asmat
Published: May 2023

Turismo é uma atividade econômica naturalmente complexa, na qual as organizações e empresas relacionam-se entre si. Partindo da perspectiva de que relacionamentos importam e que diferentes tipos de relacionamento estão disponíveis para as empresas em um destino turístico, o presente trabalho tem por objetivo analisar a relação entre diferentes tipos de relacionamentos interorganizacionais sobre o desempenho das empresas de hospedagem. De forma específica analisam-se os relacionamentos estabelecidos por estabelecimentos de hospedagem de três destinos turísticos peruanos: Cusco, Arequipa e Trujillo. Os dados coletados são de fonte primária e foram analisados a partir da técnica de Análise de Equações Estruturais. Os resultados indicam que somente os relacionamentos verticais influenciam o desempenho das empresas, reforçando o papel da complementariedade. Embora não influenciem diretamente o desempenho, os resultados apontam que as organizações de suporte desempenham papel relevante ao estimular o desenvolvimento de relacionamentos verticais e horizontais.
Evaluating Compliance of Preoperative Investigations with National Institute for Clinical Excellence Testing Guidelines for Patients undergoing Elective Surgery: An Observational Study
Authors: Kurra Rahul , Kaparti Lavanya , Sumanth T , Ravi M
Published: May 2023

Introduction: All patients posted for surgery are subjected to a series of tests. Recent studies have shown that many of these tests may not be necessary as they do not alter the anaesthetic technique. There are many international guidelines for ordering preoperative investigations. Aim: To determine the proportion of patients who underwent compliant testing and to identify the most common investigations which were not compliant with National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guidelines. Materials and Methods: The study was a prospective observational study conducted on all patients undergoing elective surgery at Sri Devaraj Urs Medical College and RL Jalappa hospital, Kolar, Karnataka, India, from May 2022 to July 2022. The grade of surgery and the American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA) Physical Status of the patients was noted. The compliance of the tests with NICE guidelines was noted. Results: The preoperative investigations were done in 60 adult patients undergoing elective surgery. Renal function tests were the tests which were the most non compliant (60%) as per NICE guidelines. ECHO, Thyroid function tests and ECG were compliant in 78.3%, 91.7% and 60% of the patients, respectively. Conclusion: The tests which were most non compliant were coagulation profile and renal function tests. Further studies have to be done to check compliance with our Indian guidelines.
THE INFLUENCE OF CONCRETE COVER ON THE BEARING CAPACITY AND RELIABILITY OF THE REINFORCEMENT CONCRETE SLAB – COLUMN SYSTEM
Authors: Katarzyna Sieńkowska  , Agata Tułecka  , Lidia Buda-Ożóg
Published: May 2023

The reliability of building structures is a very important design criterion. The required level of security depends not only on the function and purpose of the facility, but also on the parameters considered at the design stage. There are factors to that with some probability they increase the uncertainty of the adopted parameters in the calculations, as a result of which the structure fails. It happens that execution errors are made during the process of creating an object. One of the significant disadvantages is the increase in the reinforcement cover thickness compared to the designed value, and hence the reduction of the effective depth of cross-section. The purpose of the analyzes presented in the article was to estimate the influence of the top reinforcement cover thickness on the reliability and bending and punching resistance in the reinforced concrete slab being part of the slab-column system. The reliability index βc was determined by the Cornell method. The analysis focused on a fragment of a cross reinforced slab, which is an element of the column-slab structure of a shopping mall. The ARSA 2019 program was used for the analysis of the structure. The impact of the coefficient of variation of the effective depth on the reliability index was also analyzed. The obtained values were compared with the target value of the reliability index read from EN 1990.
EFFECTIVENESS OF WASTEWATER POST-TREATMENT IN FILTER COLUMNS WITH THE USE OF MINERAL MATERIALS
Authors: Sylwia Gubernat  , Joanna Czarnota  , Adam Masłoń  , Piotr Koszelnik
Published: May 2023

Based on the assumptions of the circular economy model and sustainable development, we are currently looking for natural and ecological materials in terms of wastewater treatment of pollutants. This article presents the research of three mineral materials – lava rock (LR), lightweight sintered aggregate (LSA) and lightweight clay aggregates (LCA) used as filling of filtration columns for the treatment of real wastewater. The filtration process was carried out under various hydraulic loads in two columns, one of which was additionally supported by the aeration process. The post-treated sewage was characterized by the following parameters: COD (chemical oxygen demand), TOC (total organic carbon), phosphate phosphorus (P-PO4), total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP). Among the hydraulic loads applied, the most optimal loads were OhI = 0.25 m3/(m2·h). Certyd turned out to be the most effective with supporting filtration with the aeration process in removing organic compounds (reduction of 65.1% COD and 38.2% TOC at OhI). Lava rock seems to be a promising material reactive in terms of removal of biogenic compounds such as nitrogen (efficiency 23.8% at OhI) and phosphorus (64.2% reduction of TP at OhI) and organic compounds (21.4% reduction of TOC at OhI in conditions without aeration). LCA shows the best efficiency in sorption of phosphorus compounds (41.6% reduction of TP at OhI) and organic compounds (21.4% TOC reduction at OhI under non-aerated conditions).
INVESTMENT IN SOLAR COLLECTORS ON THE EXAMPLE OF A CITY AND COMMUNE BŁAŻOWA
Authors: Danuta Proszak-Miąsik  , Justyna Darmochwał  , Jakub Gargała
Published: May 2023

Due to depleting natural resources and increasing costs of their extraction, alternative energy sources are becoming an import ant branch of energy. Their impact on environmental pollution is much lower than with conventional energy sources, or if you consider solar energy zero. Currently, many programs are subsidizing the costs of assembly and devices using renewable power sources, the beneficiaries of which are residents of municipalities participating in projects that are largely financed by the European Union. Solar collectors are devices used to heat water for everyday use in homes and farms. Thanks to adequate sunlight they are able to provide comfortable medium temperature conditions for most of the year. This significantly reduces bills for natural gas or electricity – depending on the type of water heater. Collectors are divided into 3 types: flat, vacuum and focusing. Their heat conducting medium may be liquid or gas. Photovoltaic devices, solar collectors and biomass stoves were used in the commune and the city of Błażowa. Focusing on collectors, it can be seen that the flat collectors have been selected, which have a good price-performance ratio and the energy obtained. 210 households benefited from the co-financing program. Most people decided to install collectors on residential buildings because their own contribution depended on the location of the devices – 8% VAT for mixing buildings and 23% VAT for farm buildings. The cost of the set on a residential building depended on the power and ranged from 2,488.00 [zł] to 3,131.60 [zł], which with a net price without co-financing of respectively 8600,00 [zł] to 10,770.00 [zł] gives a very large saving. The effect of the investment is about 75% energy saving, which in a few years allows you to recover the money invested in collectors.
COMPARATIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF MODERN THERMAL INSULATION TECHNOLOGIES OF BUILDINGS
Authors: І.N. Babiy  , L.V. Kucherenko  , Yu.S Sokolan  , А.S. Zalogina  , Sławomir Rabczak
Published: May 2023

Thermal insulation materials and technologies for thermal insulation of houses were investigated. The widespread use of such materials is due to the saving of fuel and energy resources, in particular, during the operation of buildings and structures. The subject of the analyzed stage of the research is the use of modern thermal insulation materials in construction, comparative characteristics of materials and processes associated with thermal insulation technologies.

A list in the form of a table of the most used on the Ukrainian thermal insulation materials with comparative characteristics was considered. The most optimal from the point of view of ecology are ecowool, foam glass and mineral wool. The disadvantages of materials are the high cost of work and installation. Polyurethane foam, relative to other heat-insulating materials, has a minimum thermal conductivity. Also, along with glass wool, it is an excellent sound insulating material. The main requirements for thermal insulation materials are fire resistance. All listed materials correspond to this characteristic, except for expanded polystyrene.

The construction industry in Ukraine is dependent on the country's economic factors. Back in 2015, there was a sharp decline in the market volume associated with an unstable political and economic situation. However, a year later, the pace of construction work has noticeably accelerated by 13,1%. This is due to the growth of the real estate market, the level of purchasing power, the popularization of energy-efficient construction in the country, and, therefore, the latest technologies and innovations in the direction of energy-saving materials.
NOISE ANALYSIS AND REDUCTION METHODS IN SANITATION FACILITIES AND EQUIPMENT
Authors: Galyna Kalda  , Tomasz Paździorny  , Katarzyna Pietrucha-Urbanik
Published: May 2023

The article presents an analysis of noise in sanitary devices, and the described methods of reducing noise in places where noise occurs. The given results of noise tests of sanitary facilities and workplaces concerns one of the municipal company. Described sources of noise in water supply, sewage as well as ventilation and air conditioning systems. It has been shown that the noises occurring in residential buildings may be caused by excessively high pressure inside the installation, where, for example, when closing the valve, a water hammer phenomenon arises, causing audible noises, especially when the installation is made of metal materials. The article analyzes noise in sanitary facilities, describes the methods of reducing noise in places where noise occurs. The given results of noise tests of sanitary facilities and workplaces in one of the municipal companies of the city of the Subcarpathian province. Described sources of noise in water supply, sewage as well as ventilation and air conditioning systems. It has been shown that the noises occurring in residential buildings may be caused by excessively high pressure inside the installation, where, for example, when closing the valve, a water hammer phenomenon arises, causing audible noises, especially when the installation is made of metal materials. It has been shown that the main causes of noise in plumbing systems can be rigid pipe fittings. Noises in the sewage system are related to the outflow of used water in vertical and horizontal sections. The phenomenon most often occurs in places connecting vertical pipes with horizontal pipes, as well as the use of too small diameters of pipes. Material noise reduction in sewage systems can be ensured thanks to a properly designed system of fastening pipes to fixed elements. An important step is to use appropriate sound insulation to stop unwanted sounds. The reason for noise in the air-conditioning and ventilation system are changes in the velocity of the flowing air mass and the occurrence of turbulences during the change of the air flow direction. This causes the ducts to resonate and the air flow noise through the diffusers. The most common noise problem in the central heating installation is the use of a solid fuel boiler, the maintenance work of the device is a problem, as it requires cleaning the furnace, which is related to the noise that is transmitted through the installation pipes to the rooms. Based on the analysis of workstations at the municipal company plant, it has been shown that the highest conformity deviation level is in the drying room in the position of a machine and device operator
Effect of Smoking on Serum Lipid Profile among University’s Students in Dhamar City, Yemen
Authors: Al-Shaibani I. R. M. S. , Al-Magedi Tahaa , Al-Hador A. N. , Al-Shama’a K. N. , Al-Aiani S.
Published: May 2023

A cross sectional study was performed to evaluate the changes on serum lipid profile and associated risk factors in apparently healthy smoker and non-smoker students at the University of AlHikma Dhamar city, Yemen during the period between November 2021 to March, 2022. Two hundred five students were randomly selected, 104 students were smokers and 101 nonsmokers. Sociodemographic data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire. Anthropometric measurements and laboratory analysis for lipid profile were assessed using standard techniques. The results revealed that smokers had significantly (P<0.05) higher levels of TC (164.93 mg/dl), TG (149.63 mg/dl), LDL (71.60 mg/dl) and VLDL (29.58 mg/dl) and lower level of HDL (64.70 mg/dl) compared to the non-smokers group. Duration and numbers of cigarette smoked were positively correlated with lipid profile values of participants (r=.300; P=.000 and r= .317; P.=000) and (r=.210; P=.003 and r=.213; P=.002) for TG and VLDL respectively; while none with other values. Significant association was observed between weight (r=.235; P=.001 and r=.145; P=.000); heartbeat (r=.205; P=.003 and r=.256; P=.000); diastolic (r=.151; P=.030) and BMI (r=.155; P=.027) indices and lipid profile (TG and VLDL); (TC and LDL); (HDL and TC) of the participants respectively; whereas, none with height and systolic indices. In conclusion, smoking is clearly associated with increase serum lipid and lipoprotein values with exception HDL which significantly decreased in smoker compared to non-smokers students. This association is dependent on number of sociodemographic and anthropometric factors. Adopting anti-smoking programs among University`s students to prevent the harmful effects of smoking are urgently required.
Jatropha tanjorensis Euphorbiaceae Ethanolic Leaves Extract Reverses Phenylhydrazine Induced Haematological Alterations in Albino Wistar Rats
Authors: Umoren E. B. , Okon I. A. , Nyenke C. , Modo E. , Amadi N. , Brown P. I.
Published: May 2023

Introduction: Phenylhydrazine has been used in many studies to evaluate its modulatory effects in various biochemical parameters in whole blood and red blood cell lysate. Jatropha tanjorensis Euphorbiaceae have high antioxidants properties; its leaves phytochemical analysis shows the presence of flavonoids, tanins, terpenoids, saponis. This study investigated the ameliorative effects of Jatropha tanjorensis Euphorbiaceae on phenylhydrazine induced haematological alterations in albino Wistar rats. 

Materials and Methods: Wistar rats of both sexes (180-200g) were divided into 4 groups (n=5). Group 1 received rat chow; Group 2 received (200 mg/kg) of J. tanjorensis orally. Group 3 received phenylhydrazine only (10 mg/kg). Group 4 received phenylhydrazine (10 mg/kg) + J. tanjorensis (250 mg/kg). All animals were allowed free access to clean drinking water and normal rat chow ad libitum for 35 days. After which animals were sacrificed and blood samples collected for biochemical analysis.

Results: Results obtained showed that phenylhydrazine induced normochromic anemia with significant increase in white blood cell count, and neutrophil counts, eosinophils (insignificant) count with a significant reduction in lymphocyte count. However, J. tanjorensis extract reversed the adverse haematological changes induced by phenylhydrazine.

Conclusion: In conclusion, Jatropha tanjorensis Euphorbiaceae demonstrated antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-thrombotic effects and reversed the haematological alterations brought upon by phenylhydrazine administration.
Nutritional Evaluation and Value Addition of Drumstick Leaves
Authors: Chaudhary Anjali , Singh Sadhna , Maurya Parul , Pandey Mridula , Aman Zeenat
Published: May 2023

The study was conducted by laboratory techniques in the department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Community Science, Acharya Narendra Dev University of Agriculture & Technology, Kumarganj, Ayodhya, during 2020-22 secession. The study on title “Nutritional Evaluation and value addition of Drumstick Leaves” was undertaken to determine the physical and nutritional composition of immature and mature drumstick (Moringa oleifera) leaves. The proximate composition of drumstick leaves was investigated in the studies. The moisture content of fresh immature and mature leaves was found to be 73.8 and 71.6 %. Protein estimated by Lowery method, the protein content of immature leaves 22.22 and mature leaves 22.90 %. The Crude fiber content in immature leaves 2.26 and mature leaves 6.68 %. According to the proximate analysis of all nutrient it has been found that in the drumstick leaves calcium in immature leaves 1990 mg /100 g and in mature leaves 2029 mg /100 g. Phosphorus value in immature leaves 337mg/100g and in mature leaves 350 mg /100 g  which is higher than other nutrients. In this series Vitamin ‘C’ content in fresh immature leaves is 216mg/100g and in mature leaves 207 mg /100 g. Fresh drumstick leaves were successfully used for preparing different nutritive food products- bhujia, paratha, saag and juice. Eating drumstick-based food products is good for those suffering from malnutrition. Moringa oleifera leaf powder should be advocated for supplementation in household diets especially in rural and urban communities. Drumstick (Moringa oleifera) is one of the promising plants which could contribute to increased intake of essential nutrients and health promoting phytochemicals. Leaves can be consumed raw, boiled, or stored as a dry powder for several months without losing their nutritious content.
Effect of Integrated Nutrient Management on Growth and Productivity of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in Typic Ustochrepts Soils of Western U. P., India
Authors: Tiwari Himanshu , Naresh R. K. , Singh P. K. , Kumar Yogesh , Purushottam  , Vivek
Published: May 2023

A field experiment was conducted during Rabi seasons to determine the effect of different sources of nutrient on growth, yield and yield of wheat for improving crop productivity in western U.P. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three replications and the treatments assigned in this study are fourteen viz., Control T1, 100% Recommended NPK (150: 75: 60 kg ha-1) T2, 50% Recommended N + FYM @10t/ha T3, 50% Recommended N + 50% N through Vermicompost + Bio-stimulant-G@ 20kg/ha T4, 50% Recommended N + Bio-stimulant-G@ 20kg/ha T5, 75% Recommended N + 50% N through Vermicompost T6, 75% Recommended N + FYM @10t/ha + Bio-stimulant-G 20kg/ha T7, FYM @10t/ha + Bio-stimulants Toggle (Containing marine extracts) @ 2.9 l/ha T8, FYM @10t/ha + Bio-stimulant Voyagro (containing proline, glycine betaine and glutamic acid) @ 585 ml/ha T9, 100% Recommended N + FYM @10t/ha T10, FYM @10t/ha + NPK-bio-fertilizer + Urea @20 kg/ha T11, FYM @10t/ha + Bio-fertilizer mixture (A.chrococcum + AMF + B.circulans) + Bio-stimulant-L @ 625 ml/ha foliar spray each at 45 & 60 DAS T12, 100% Recommended N + FYM @10t/ha + Azatobacter T13, 50% Recommended N + FYM @10t/ha + 25% N through Vermicompost T14. Among the different treatments, the treatment T13 was observed significantly higher in growth characters, physiological parameters and yield parameters of the year compared to other treatments. T13 recorded 113.7, 93.6 and 151.5 plant height, number of tillers m-1row length and dry matter accumulation (g/m1) than T1 control with no nutrient application respectively. Crop fed with treatment T13 registered highest CGR 90 days till harvest (3.27 g m-2 area d-1) and RGR 90 days till harvest (0.0002 g g-1d-1). Treatment T7 recorded maximum NAR at 90DAS-at harvest stage (0.86 g m-2 leaf area day-1)), which was at par with treatment T9. Treatment T13 recorded significantly highest grain yield (47.5 Kg ha-1), straw yield (64.0 kg ha-1), biological yield (111.5 kg ha-1) and harvest index (42.6 %) while the lowest was recorded under control T1.
Emotional Intelligence among Employees at PTITP
Authors: Sitompul Yunita R. M. B. , Asthiti Putu Deba Ratma , Achmad Luana N.
Published: May 2023

Work stress is an inability to keep up with work pressure because of the high demands that are not balanced by the employee's competence. Work stress can be influenced by many things, including Emotional Intelligence (EI). Employees who have high EI can manage their work stress. This study aims to determine the relationship between EI and work stress in echelon 1-4 employees PTITP in 2021. It is a correlational analytic study with a cross-sectional approach conducted in February-March 2021. This research uses using Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire by the Mid Central District Transformational Leadership Program to determine EI and The Workplace Stress Scale questionnaire to determine work stress. The sampling technique used in this study is total sampling, and the whole sample is 42 employees. The results of the chi-square statistical test obtained a p-value of 0.042 (p <0.05), so it can be concluded that there is a relationship between EI on work stress in echelon 1-4 employees PTITP.
Risk Assessment and Hepatotoxicity of Acute Exposure to Chlorview (chlorpyrifos 40% E.C.) Via Oral and Inhalation Routes Using Animal Model
Authors: Chibuike S. Ubani , Eustace U. Amadi , Ekene J. Nweze , Martins O. Ogugofor
Published: May 2023

Aims: This research aimed to determine the Hepatotoxicity via oral and inhalation routes using animal model and its Risk assessment when exposed to Chlorview pesticide (Chlorpyrifos 40% E.C.).

Study Design: The animals were divided into two groups for oral and inhalation routes of exposure. They were divided into 4 groups of 5 animals each for oral and 4 groups of 4 animals each for inhalation.

Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted in the Department of Biochemistry Laboratory University of Nigeria Nsukka.

Methodology: The hepatotoxicity and risk assessment studies were carried out using a colorimetric assay and standard methods respectively.

Results: Oral exposure to Chlorview led to a significant (p<0.05) increase in the activity of AST, ALT, and ALP when compared to the control. The risk assessment studies showed oral subchronic toxicity at the dose of 15.5 mg/kg b.w when exposed to Chlorview with a bioaccumulation factor (BAF) of 2.50. The oral exposure recorded a hazard quotient (HQ) of 3.4 and a risk quotient (RQ) of 0.1, a risk presumption of acute restricted use. There was no accumulation of the pesticide or its derivative via the inhalation route rather a macroscopic deposition of fat on the liver identified as cholesterol was seen.

Conclusion: This research suggests that exposure to Chlorview pesticide through oral and inhalation routes can pose a reasonable risk to human health.
Demographic Characteristics Associated With Perceptions of Personal Utility in Genetic and Genomic Testing
Authors: Miller Emily G. , Young Jennifer L. , Rao Anoushka , Ward-Lev Eliana , Halley Meghan C.
Published: May 2023

Importance

The expansion of genetic and genomic testing in health care has led to recognition that these tests provide personal as well as clinical utility to patients and families. However, available systematic reviews on this topic have not reported the demographic backgrounds of participants in studies of personal utility, leaving generalizability unclear.

Objective

To determine the demographic characteristics of participants in studies examining the personal utility of genetic and genomic testing in health care.

Evidence Review

For this systematic review, we utilized and updated the results of a highly cited 2017 systematic review on the personal utility of genetics and genomics, which identified relevant articles published between January 1, 2003, and August 4, 2016. We also used the original methods to update this bibliography with literature published subsequently up to January 1, 2022. Studies were screened for eligibility by 2 independent reviewers. Eligible studies reported empirical data on the perspectives of patients, family members, and/or the general public in the US on the personal utility of any type of health-related genetic or genomic test. We utilized a standardized codebook to extract study and participant characteristics. We summarized demographic characteristics descriptively across all studies and by subgroup based on study and participant characteristics.

Findings

We included 52 studies with 13 251 eligible participants. Sex or gender was the most frequently reported demographic characteristic (48 studies [92.3%]), followed by race and ethnicity (40 studies [76.9%]), education (38 studies [73.1%]), and income (26 studies [50.0%]). Across studies, participants disproportionately were women or female (mean [SD], 70.8% [20.5%]), were White (mean [SD], 76.1% [22.0%]), had a college degree or higher (mean [SD], 64.5% [19.9%]), and reported income above the US median (mean [SD], 67.4% [19.2%]). Examination of subgroups of results by study and participant characteristics evidenced only small shifts in demographic characteristics.

Conclusions and Relevance

This systematic review examined the demographic characteristics of individual participants in studies of the personal utility of health-related genetic and genomic testing in the US. The results suggest that participants in these studies were disproportionately White, college-educated women with above-average income. Understanding the perspectives of more diverse individuals regarding the personal utility of genetic and genomic testing may inform barriers to research recruitment and uptake of clinical testing in currently underrepresented populations.
A unique AA5 alcohol oxidase fused with a catalytically inactive CE3 domain from the bacterium Burkholderia pseudomallei
Authors: Mazurkewich Scott , Seveso Andrea , Larsbrink Johan
Published: May 2023

Copper radical oxidases (CROs) are redox enzymes able to oxidize alcohols or aldehydes, while only requiring a single copper atom as cofactor. Studied CROs are found in one of two subfamilies within the Auxiliary Activities family 5 (AA5) in the carbohydrate‐active enzymes database. We here characterize an AA5 enzyme outside the subfamily classification from the opportunistic bacterial pathogen Burkholderia pseudomallei, which curiously was fused to a carbohydrate esterase family 3 domain. The enzyme was shown to be a promiscuous primary alcohol oxidase, with an activity profile similar to enzymes from subfamily 2. The esterase domain was inactive on all tested substrates, and structural predictions revealed this being an effect of crippling substitutions in the expected active site residues.
Tracer observation of egress and way‐home crowd behavior at stadiums: From the perspective of crowd control in emergency evacuations
Authors: Minegishi Yoshikazu
Published: May 2023

This paper discusses crowd control at stadiums in emergency evacuation situations such as fire, bomb threat, and terror incidents. As a comparative reference for this study, the author observed egress/way‐home crowd behavior at eight stadiums by walking with the crowd as a tracer. At some stadiums, the crowd was controlled by closing certain exits, installing temporary fences, and providing staff guidance to relieve congestion and counterflow outside the stadiums. At other stadiums, there was no accumulation, and spectators egressed freely. In case of a fire, flames and smoke can be controlled by fire extinguishment, smoke control, etc.; therefore, the need for urgent evacuation can be relieved to some extent. However, urgent evacuation is needed in emergencies such as a fire in a closed‐roof stadium or indoor premises, or a bomb threat. In such situations, sufficient space for accumulation outside the stadium is required. Therefore, stadiums that let spectators returning home walk freely after normal events are desirable because urgent evacuation can be completed in the same manner. The above aspects should be considered in the whole process of selecting stadium sites, planning circulation in stadiums, and deploying guiding staff.
Effects of surface curvature on electron Monte Carlo (eMC) calculation results
Authors: Polignani Jonathan A.
Published: May 2023

Some clinical situations in radiotherapy require electron beams to be incident on curved patient surfaces. This study presents central‐axis dose output (cGy/MU) and percent dose versus depth (PDD) data that show the effects of curvature on results computed by the Varian eMC v15.6 algorithm using 6, 9, 12, 16, and 20 MeV electron beams incident on virtual phantoms with curved surfaces. The phantoms were designed to simulate common treatment sites. The dose outputs at the depth of maximum dose (dmax) on the central axis were observed to decrease 0%–14%, and several features of the PDDs for the A10 applicator changed, including up to 12% increased entrance dose. These dosimetric changes have the greatest effect on treatment sites with a radius of curvature of 10 cm or less, such as the scalp, nose, neck, and extremities. The concept of applying a curvature correction factor based on relative output data is presented to help clinical users mitigate discrepancies between calculations performed by simple monitor unit verification systems and accurate treatment planning dose algorithms.
Command‐filter‐based fast finite‐time composite adaptive neural control for nonlinear systems with input dead‐zone
Authors: Jiang Wei , Wang Huanqing , Wang Wei
Published: May 2023

In this paper, a command‐filter‐based fast finite‐time composite adaptive control scheme is proposed for nonlinear systems with input dead‐zone. The neural networks (NNs) are used to approximate the unknown functions of the controlled systems. The series‐parallel nonsmooth estimation models are used to predict the errors. In addition, the tracking error and prediction errors are anastomosed to update the weights of the NNs. To solve the problem of “explosion of complexity,” the command‐filter technology is adopted. Combining the Lyapunov stability theory and the adaptive backstepping algorithm, a composite adaptive backstepping control scheme is proposed. The proposed scheme dissolves the singularity problem which may emerge in the design process and the neural networks approximation performances can be realized as well. Meanwhile, the proposed scheme guarantees the tracking error converges into a small neighborhood of zero in fast finite‐time and the boundedness of all the closed‐loop signals. Finally, the simulation example is provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
‘Behavioral health workforce’ will have shortage of addiction professionals: HRSA
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: May 2023

Combining mental illness, mental well‐being, and substance use disorders (SUDs) in the broad category of behavioral health may work for the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) and the National Council for Mental Wellbeing, but it's not useful on the ground. Patients with SUDs need treatment professionals trained in that category.
Biomimetic 4D Printing Catapult: From Biological Prototype to Practical Implementation
Authors: Li Guiwei , Yang Shida , Wu Wenzheng , Chen Fan , Li Xiujuan , Tian Qi , Wang Kunyang , Zhao Yihang , Wang Jiaqing , Liu Qingping , Ren Lei , Han Zhiwu , Ren Luquan
Published: May 2023

4D printing technologies are currently suffering from the inability to produce rapid motions, which limit their applications that require fast shape transformation such as rapid unlocking and deployment of aerospace equipment. Herein, inspired by the shooting mechanisms of Viola verecunda fruit for seed dispersal, the 4D‐printed biomimetic catapult is developed. Based on the structure change characteristics of gradient fan‐shaped cells of the fruit pods during seed ejection, the biomimetic smart catapult is processed via the programming of spatial distribution of heterogeneous materials with various storage modulus enabled by additive manufacturing. This catapult can achieve high‐speed ejection with the logically stimuli of external force, temperature, light, humidity, or electricity. The proposed biomimetic 4D printing strategy has broken through the limitations in motion speed, which helps fully unleash the potential of 4D printing.
High Cycling Rate‐Induced Irreversible TMO6 Slabs Glide in Co‐Free High‐Ni Layered Cathode Materials
Authors: Yu Lei , Huang Yin , Han Qiaofeng , Zhu Junwu , Lu Jun
Published: May 2023

Co‐free high‐Ni layered transition metal oxide is a promising cost‐effective cathode material for high‐energy Li‐ion batteries, but it suffers from undesirable rate performance and rapid capacity decay upon high‐rate cycling. The underlying structural changes under fast electrochemical processes remain unclear to date. In this study, atomic scale structural evolutions of Co‐free high‐Ni layered cathode at different cycling rates are revealed by advanced TEM characterization. It is found that the phase transition after high‐rate cycling is much different from that after low‐rate cycling. The low‐rate cycled sample shows a typical layer‐to‐rock salt transition. However, O1‐type stacking faults are uncovered in the high‐rate cycled sample owing to irreversible TMO6 slabs glide, which induces severe lattice distortion and structural dislocations. These findings deepen the understanding of the rate‐dependent structural degradation mechanism of Co‐free high‐Ni layered cathodes, and have significant implications for improving current materials to withstand high‐rate applications.
High‐Voltage Stimulation Effect on Lithium Deposition for 4.6 V‐Class Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Yang Hao , Zhao Tong , Huang Kai , Shen Yue , Huang Yunhui , Luo Wei
Published: May 2023

Rechargeable Li‐ion batteries (LIBs) are ubiquitous in present society and play an important role in consumer electronics and electric vehicles. Increasing LIBs’ energy density is therefore becoming a crucial research challenge with great implications. Li metal is a high‐specific‐capacity anode, which suffers from uneven Li deposition, “dead” Li formation, dendrite growth, and the resulting severe capacity fading. Here, a strategy to enable a tremendous improvement for LiCoO2‐based Li metal batteries (Li||LCO) is described and experimentally demonstrated. By simply adjusting the charge cut‐off voltage from 4.1 to 4.6 V, a high‐voltage stimulation effect (HvSE) is demonstrated, which offers a uniform, dense, and crack‐free Li deposition. As a result, the Li||LCO cell delivers a high energy density (ED) of 891 Wh kg‐LCO−1 and a high capacity of 217 mAh g−1 can be maintained for more than 69 cycles. In contrast, the Li||LCO cell with the lower charge cut‐off voltage of 4.1 V only delivers a low ED (458 Wh kg‐LCO−1), specific capacity (117 mAh g−1), and “capacity diving” occurs after only 35 cycles. This HvSE is also applied to run pouch cells, which generate greater than 20% capacity and cycling performance improvement with the higher charge cut‐off voltage.
Nanosecond Pulsed Laser‐Assisted Deposition to Construct a 3D Quasi‐Gradient Lithiophilic Skeleton for Stable Lithium Metal Anodes
Authors: Hui Yu , Wu Yingbin , Sun Wenping , Sun Xudong , Huang Gang , Na Zhaolin
Published: May 2023

The continuous growth of Li dendrites and volumetric deformation of Li severely impede the commercial application of Li metal anodes. To regulate Li stripping/plating, electrodeposition or magnetron sputtering is extensively utilized to fabricate lithiophilic‐metal deposited 3D Li hosts. However, the binding force between lithiophilic‐metal and host is weak, inevitably leading to numerous cracks/defects of lithiophilic‐surface‐layer during Li plating/stripping. Herein, a quasi‐gradient (Cu‐Cu3Sn‐Sn‐SnO2) 3D skeleton consisting of hierarchical Sn/SnO2 composite metallurgically bonded to copper foam through Cu3Sn alloy (LAD‐SSC@CF) is designed, and prepared in one‐step by a nanosecond‐pulsed‐laser‐assisted deposition strategy. The homogeneous Li nucleation sites provided by Li22Sn5 formed by the reaction of Sn/SnO2 with Li can inhibit Li dendrites growth. Meanwhile, the porous space and strong bonding of Cu3Sn layer avoid structural deterioration of anodes. Consequently, a symmetric cell based on LAD‐SSC@CF@Li exhibits an outstanding cycling stability of 1500 h at 1 mA cm−2. In particular, a full cell with LiFePO4 cathode provides good capacity retention of 81.3% at 5 C after 600 cycles. Moreover, the successful preparation of other composite materials (In, Zn, Sn‐Bi, etc.) loading on various substrates (Kapton film, ceramic, copper foil, etc.) demonstrates the versatility of pulsed‐laser‐assisted deposition strategy for preparing battery materials.
Carbon Dots with Blue‐to‐Near‐Infrared Lasing for Colorful Speckle‐Free Laser Imaging and Dynamical Holographic Display
Authors: Zhang Yongqiang , Wang Jinping , Wang Lu , Fu Rui , Sui Laizhi , Song Haoqiang , Hu Yongsheng , Lu Siyu
Published: May 2023

As a new solution‐processable laser material, carbon dots (CDs) offer advantages of non‐toxicity, low‐cost, and high‐stability, which are conducive to the sustainable development of miniaturized lasers. Full‐color CDs (FC‐CDs) with bright‐blue, green, yellow, red, deep‐red, and near‐infrared (NIR) fluorescence are prepared. Their photoluminescence emission ranges from 431 to 714 nm. The FC‐CDs show narrow full widths at half maximum in the range of 44–76 nm, with concurrent high radiative transition rates (KR) of 0.54–1.74 × 108 s−1; their performance is comparable to that of organic laser dyes, indicating their good gain potential for lasers. Laser pumping of the FC‐CDs gives laser outputs at 467.3, 533.5, 577.4, 616.3, 653.5, and 705.1 nm, spanning from blue to NIR region, and covering 140% of the NTSC color gamut. The FC‐CDs show high Q‐factors (2000–5500), appreciable gain coefficients (9–21.5 cm−1), and better stability (≈100%@4–7 h) than commercial laser dyes. These excellent properties make them suitable for high‐quality, colorful, speckle‐free laser imaging and dynamic holographic display. The findings will be helpful in promoting the practical applications and development of solution‐processable CD‐based lasers.
MXene‐Based Functional Platforms for Tumor Therapy
Authors: Gao Fan , Xue Chun , Zhang Tian , Zhang Lu , Zhu Guo‐Yin , Ou Changjin , Zhang Yi‐Zhou , Dong Xiaochen
Published: May 2023

Recently, 2D transition metal carbide, nitride, and carbonitrides (MXenes) materials stand out in the field of tumor therapy, particularly in the construction of functional platforms for optimal antitumor therapy due to their high specific surface area, tunable performance, strong absorption of near‐infrared light as well as preferable surface plasmon resonance effect. In this review, the progress of MXene‐mediated antitumor therapy is summarized after appropriate modifications or integration procedures. The enhanced antitumor treatments directly performed by MXenes, the significant improving effect of MXenes on different antitumor therapies, as well as the MXene‐mediated imaging‐guided antitumor strategies are discussed in detail. Moreover, the existing challenges and future development directions of MXenes in tumor therapy are presented.
Multi‐Task and Multi‐Scale Intelligent Electromagnetic Sensing with Distributed Multi‐Frequency Reprogrammable Metasurfaces
Authors: Wang Zhuo , Zhang Hongrui , Zhao Hanting , Hu Shengguo , Cui Tie Jun , Li Lianlin
Published: May 2023

Reprogrammable metasurface (RM) has been demonstrated as a key enabling technology for resolving the difficulties arising in conventional electromagnetic (EM) sensing strategies, and the RM‐enabled intelligent EM sensing has emerged as a new paradigm with many advanced functionalities that are thought to be impossible. However, the RM‐enabled sensing strategies developed so far are usually limited to the single‐scale sensing task and the cooperative target, since they are designed to operate at a single frequency band and have the relatively small view angle. To address the formidable challenges, here the concept of multi‐task multi‐scale intelligent sensing is proposed with algorithm‐driven distributed multi‐frequency RMs. For principle illustration, a proof‐of‐principle system working at S‐, C‐, and X‐bands is designed, and it is experimentally demonstrated that the system is capable of monitoring continuously the action behavior and healthy status of the target acting freely in real‐world indoor settings. It is faithfully expected that the presented strategy could open a new avenue in the areas of internet‐of‐things (IoTs), digital twins, and so on.
Copper‐Catalyzed N‐Alkylations of NH‐Sulfoximines Under Visible Light
Authors: Shi Peng , Tu Yongliang , Ma Ding , Bolm Carsten
Published: May 2023

A copper‐catalyzed N‐alkylation of NH‐sulfoximines with alkyl diacyl peroxides under blue light LED irradiation is reported. The process has a good functional group tolerance, and the products are obtained in yields ranging from 45–91%.

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Advancements in the Synthesis of Diaryliodonium Salts: Updated Protocols
Authors: Linde Erika , Mondal Shobhan , Olofsson Berit
Published: May 2023

Our group has reported several one‐pot protocols for the synthesis of diaryliodonium salts, which have been recognized as attractive multi‐purpose reagents in areas ranging from organic synthesis to materials chemistry. Over the years, we have identified limitations in the published protocols concerning synthesis of mixed electron‐rich and electron‐poor, as well as highly electron‐poor diaryliodonium salts, as the corresponding starting materials are either too reactive or too unreactive. In this update, we discuss the underlying limitations concerning the stability and reactivity of the involved reagents and provide strategies to overcome these challenges through updated synthetic protocols.
Calculation Model of Contact Load and Axial Stiffness of Planetary Thread Roller Bearing Based on Direct Stiffness Method
Authors: Xie Zhijie , Wang Yu , Zhan Hao , Xie Wenjian , Deng Jixian , Yu Di , Yin Jihui
Published: May 2023

Planetary Threaded Roller Bearing (PTRB) is a new bearing suitable for the heavy load linear drive mechanism. The load is transferred internally through annular threads, affecting the bearing capacity of the thread's contact load distribution characteristics. The structure of PTRB is discretized to study the contact load distribution of PTRB. The axial stiffness of the thread's teeth, its axial stiffness, and the contact stiffness of contact points are calculated. Moreover, a 1D equivalent spring network model is proposed based on discretized structure and stiffness. The PTRB contact load calculation model is proposed using the direct stiffness method and a 1D equivalent spring network model. Finally, the accuracy of the model proposed in this paper for calculating the contact load distribution of threaded teeth is verified by comparing the results obtained from theoretical model calculations, finite element methods, and experiments. The theoretical model proposed in this paper can provide theoretical guidance for PTRB parameters.