bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ALK-Positive Histiocytosis with Peripheral Blood Histiocytes: A Case Report
Authors: Swain Fiona , Williams Bronwyn , Barbaro Pasquale
Published: July 2020

Histiocytoses are a diverse group of rare, clinically heterogeneous disorders characterised by tissue infiltration of histiocytes, which may result in organ dysfunction and failure. Over 100 different subtypes of histiocytoses have been recognised, including rare cases of ALK-positive histiocytosis. We report a case of histiocytosis in a neonate who presented with refractory thrombocytopenia, anaemia, and intermittent neutropenia. Histiocytes were present in both peripheral blood smears and bone marrow; ALK positivity was demonstrated by immunohistochemistry. Given the scarce reports of this condition, the variable organ involvement, and the different approaches to management in the cases described, we seek to expand the literature by providing a report of our patient whose condition improved without chemotherapy. The presence of histiocytes in peripheral blood smears of patients with this condition has not previously been reported, and it underscores the importance of routine careful evaluation of blood smears.
Power and Sample Size Calculations for Genetic Association Studies in the Presence of Genetic Model Misspecification
Authors: Moore Camille M. , Jacobson Sean A. , Fingerlin Tasha E.
Published: July 2020

Introduction: When analyzing data from large-scale genetic association studies, such as targeted or genome-wide resequencing studies, it is common to assume a single genetic model, such as dominant or additive, for all tests of association between a given genetic variant and the phenotype. However, for many variants, the chosen model will result in poor model fit and may lack statistical power due to model misspecification. Objective: We develop power and sample size calculations for tests of gene and gene × environment interaction, allowing for misspecification of the true mode of genetic susceptibility. Methods: The power calculations are based on a likelihood ratio test framework and are implemented in an open-source R package (“genpwr”). Results: We use these methods to develop an analysis plan for a resequencing study in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and show that using a 2-degree of freedom test can increase power to detect recessive genetic effects while maintaining power to detect dominant and additive effects. Conclusions: Understanding the impact of model misspecification can aid in study design and developing analysis plans that maximize power to detect a range of true underlying genetic effects. In particular, these calculations help identify when a multiple degree of freedom test or other robust test of association may be advantageous.
Tumor Lysis Syndrome after Combination Therapy of Nivolumab and Sorafenib in a Woman with Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Yen Tsai-Hung , Chang Chung-Hsin , Shiu Sz-Iuan 
Published: July 2020

Tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) is a life-threatening emergency that usually develops in rapidly proliferating hematologic malignancies or advanced solid tumor following cytotoxic chemotherapy or therapeutic interventions. TLS is especially rare in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Therefore, we present a case of a female patient with newly diagnosed advanced HCC who developed TLS and hepatic failure after receiving combination therapy of nivolumab and sorafenib. To our knowledge, this is the first case of TLS in a patient with advanced HCC owing to combination therapy of nivolumab and sorafenib. We also reviewed the literature and summarized the characteristics of TLS in patients with advanced HCC receiving various therapeutic interventions. The overall mortality rate was 63% and regarding the management, transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) was the most common etiology. TACE-related TLS developed more rapidly than sorafenib-related TLS. Furthermore, the efficacy and safety of combination therapy of nivolumab and sorafenib should be further evaluated, and TLS should still be a concern, especially in patients with large tumor burden.
The Role of the Platelet/Lymphocyte Ratio and Neutrophil/Lymphocyte Ratio in Predicting High-Risk Heart Score in Patients Admitted with Non-ST Elevation Acute Coronary Syndrome
Authors: Seaoud Elshaimaa , Mohamed Ahmed Abdel Hakim Abdelaal , Elkot Moataz A.
Published: July 2020

Background: For cardiologists, management of acute chest pain continues to be a challenge. Physicians struggle to avoid unnecessary admissions and at the same time not to miss high-risk patients needing urgent intervention. Therefore, diagnostic strategies focus on identifying patients in whom an acute coronary syndrome can be safely ruled out based on findings from history, physical examination, and early cardiac marker measurement. The HEART score, a clinical prediction rule, was developed to provide the clinician with a simple and reliable predictor of cardiac risk. Aim: This study aimed to investigate the role of neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR) as independent laboratory biomarkers when associated with the HEART risk score. Method: A cross-sectional study of 120 patients who attended the emergency department with acute chest pain. NLR and PLR were both measured. In addition, the HEART score was the valid instrument used in evaluating and risk stratifying patients into low-, intermediate-, and high-risk group. Results: There was a positive correlation between the HEART score and the mean PLR and NLR (p = 0.000*). PLR and NLR were found to be significantly higher in the high-risk HEART score group (p = 0.05 and 0.0001*, respectively). A PLR of 115.5 and above had a sensitivity of 73% and specificity of 78%, while an NLR of 3.95 and above had a sensitivity of 75% and specificity of 86% to detect high-risk HEART score patients. Conclusion: PLR and NLR proved to be a useful tool to identify high-risk patients when validated against the HEART score.
Variation in Adult Male-Juvenile Affiliative Behavior in Japanese Macaques (Macaca fuscata)
Authors: Gartland Kylen N. , Brand Colin M. , Ulibarri Lawrence R. , White Frances J.
Published: July 2020

Adult males of some primate species are known to positively interact with juveniles. In cases where paternal certainty is high, these behaviors have been largely attributed to the paternal investment hypothesis. Males have also been observed to interact with nonkin juveniles, which has often been explained in terms of mating effort. Here, we examined variation in adult male-juvenile affiliation in semi-free ranging Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata) at the Oregon National Primate Research Center against possible influencing factors such as age, dominance rank, and female affiliation, and we also tested for fitness benefits. We conducted 154 h of focal observations of 14 adult males from June to September 2018. Males differed significantly in their rate of juvenile-directed affiliation, but not in their fitness in terms of number of offspring. There was a significant positive correlation between rank and age in the group, indicating that, in this group, rank does not conform to the classic inverted-U pattern observed elsewhere in this species. Although there was a significant positive correlation between rank and juvenile-directed affiliation, the highest-ranking male had few offspring and exhibited little juvenile-directed affiliation. These results suggest little to no preliminary support for either the paternal investment or mating effort hypotheses as explanations for juvenile-directed affiliation. This study suggests that there are multiple behavioral strategies for older males that may influence reproductive success.
Inhibition of the Lectin Pathway of the Complement System as a Novel Approach in the Management of IgA Vasculitis-Associated Nephritis
Authors: Selvaskandan Haresh , Kay Cheung Chee , Dormer John , Wimbury David , Martinez Maria , Xu Gang , Barratt Jonathan
Published: July 2020

IgA vasculitis can present as a glomerulonephritis histologically indistinguishable from IgA nephropathy (IgAN). In IgAN, the alternative and lectin pathways mediate glomerular injury and contribute to kidney function decline. Narsoplimab is a monoclonal antibody against mannan-binding lectin serine peptidase 2 (MASP-2), a key component of the lectin pathway. It is being evaluated in a phase III trial in IgAN (NCT03608033). Histopathological similarities with IgAN suggest lectin pathway activation also occurs in IgAV-associated nephritis (IgAVN). Here, we report the first ever case of narsoplimab use for the treatment of IgAVN.
Factors Influencing Health-Related Quality of Life of Patients with Multiple Sclerosis and Their Caregivers
Authors: Bužgová Radka , Kozáková Radka , Škutová Monika
Published: July 2020

Background: Only a few studies have been done focusing on the quality of life (QoL) of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) as well as their family members. The aim of our research was to determine the factors that influence the QoL of MS patients in advanced stage of disease and their caregivers. Methods: The sample of the cross-sectional study included 153 patients with MS and 74 caregivers. QoL was measured using the PNDQoL questionnaire (Progressive Neurological Diseases Quality of Life), and the severity of illness was assessed through the following scales: EDSS (Expanded Disability Status scale), PPS (Palliative Performance Scale), and ADL (Activity Daily Living). Results: The following predictors of the global QoL of the MS patients were identified – age, EDSS, symptom burden, daily care, emotional functioning, and spiritual_nonreligion functioning (R2 = 0.569; F = 32.900; p < 0.001). The following predictors of the global QoL of caregivers were identified – age, emotional functioning, spiritual_nonreligion functioning, patient’s QoL, and feeling of care (R2 = 0.431; F = 18.690; p < 0.001). Conclusion: Appropriate intervention should be directed particularly at older patients and caregivers who have faced the disease for longer time and at patients without any partner. Supporting the emotional and social well-being and mitigating the burden caused by symptoms of the patients as well as caregivers can improve the QoL of both groups.
Elevated Osteoprotegerin Concentration Predicts Increased Risk of Cardiovascular Mortality in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Huang Qing-xiu , Li Jian-bo , Huang Naya , Huang Xiao-wen , Li Yan-lin , Huang Feng-xian
Published: July 2020

Introduction: Studies have shown inconsistent results regarding the association between osteoprotegerin (OPG) concentration and cardiovascular mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to investigate the association between OPG concentration and cardiovascular mortality in patients with CKD. Methods: Between January 1970 and February 2020, the PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases were searched for eligible studies investigating the association between OPG concentration and cardiovascular mortality in patients with CKD. Pooled hazard ratios (HRs) and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using random effects models. Results: In total, 10 studies comprising 2,120 patients (including 1,723 receiving dialysis) with CKD were included. The included studies were considered to be of fair to high quality. Patients in the highest OPG concentration group had a significantly higher risk of cardiovascular mortality (4 studies; adjusted HR, 2.05; 95% CI, 1.39–3.00) than patients in the low OPG concentration group. An increase of 1 pmol/L in OPG concentration was associated with a 4% increased risk of cardiovascular mortality (6 studies; adjusted HR, 1.04; 95% CI, 1.02–1.07). Conclusion: Elevated OPG concentrations are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular death in patients with CKD.
Gut Microbiome and AKI: Roles of the Immune System and Short-Chain Fatty Acids
Authors: Gharaie Sepideh , Noel Sanjeev , Rabb Hamid
Published: July 2020

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common and serious syndrome that involves multiple pathophysiologic mechanisms. Recent studies have demonstrated that dysbiosis of the gut microbiota mediates experimental AKI. The precise microbial populations involved and the underlying mechanisms are currently being explored. In this mini-review based on the NIH AKI O’Brien Center symposium of February 2020, we discuss data on gut microbiota in AKI with a focus on the immune system and short-chain fatty acids as mediators of microbiome-kidney crosstalk.
Nonperfused Peripheral Retinal Area in Eyes with Chronic Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment
Authors: Tatsumi Tomoaki , Baba Takayuki , Yokouchi Hirotaka , Yamamoto Shuichi
Published: July 2020

We report two cases of chronic rhegmatogenous retinal detachment with a nonperfused peripheral retinal area. Case 1 was an 84-year-old woman who presented with a bullous retinal detachment of the inferior retina and a best-corrected visual acuity of 20/500. A small horseshoe tear was detected in the peripheral superior retina. Fluorescein angiography showed a wide area of nonperfused retina in the inferior retina. The retina was successfully reattached by scleral buckling surgery. Case 2 was a 40-year-old woman who presented with a shallow retinal detachment involving the macula. There were multiple retinal breaks at the pars plana that were secondary to blunt trauma. Fluorescein angiography revealed a wide area of nonperfused retina in the inferior peripheral retina. She underwent scleral buckling surgery, and the retina was successfully reattached. Our findings indicate that clinicians should examine the peripheral retina carefully especially with fluorescein angiography to search for nonperfused areas in eyes with chronic rhegmatogenous retinal detachment.
GRUPUGE Perspective: Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Fine-Needle Tattooing and Fiducial Placement in Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Marques Susana , Bispo Miguel , Leite Sílvia , Moreira Teresa , Caldeira Ana , Moutinho-Ribeiro Pedro , Nunes Nuno ,   on behalf of the Portuguese Group for Ultrasound in Gastroenterology (GRUPUGE)
Published: July 2020

In the last 2 decades, endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) has become an important procedure for the diagnosis and management of several pancreatic diseases, including pancreatic cancer. This article presents two recently developed EUS-guided techniques for the management of pancreatic cancer: fine-needle tattooing and fiducial placement. Preoperative EUS-guided fine-needle tattooing of small pancreatic tumors helps in precise localization of these lesions during surgery, potentially ensuring adequate margins of resection while preserving healthy pancreatic tissue. In pancreatic cancer patients planned for imaging-guided radiation therapy, EUS-guided fiducial placement improves the accuracy of target delineation during stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT). Hydrogel, a new injectable liquid with multimodal visibility recently approved as a liquid fiducial, is currently under investigation in pancreatic head cancer as an EUS-injected spacer to potentially reduce SBRT gastrointestinal wall toxicity. In this article, GRUPUGE presents an updated perspective of these two EUS-guided techniques, addressing their current clinical applications and technical aspects and analyzing existing data on their efficacy and safety.
Perioperative Blood Transfusion Is a Predictor of Acute and Chronic Renal Function Deterioration after Partial and Radical Nephrectomy for Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Mühlbauer Julia , de Gilde Johannes , Mueller-Steinhardt Michael , Porubsky Stefan , Walach Margarete , Nuhn Philipp , Klüter Harald , Wagener Nina , Kriegmair Maximilian C.
Published: July 2020

Introduction: The aim was to evaluate the impact of perioperative blood transfusions (PBTs) on renal function after surgery for renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Methods: Consecutive patients with RCC who underwent partial nephrectomy or radical nephrectomy between 2005 and 2015 at a tertiary care center were included. Minimum follow-up period was 6 months. A PBT was defined as the transfusion of packed erythrocyte concentrate (EC) within 7 days before until 30 days after surgery. The multivariable analyses were carried out by Cox regression. Results: The overall cohort included 851 patients, of whom 93 (10.9%) received a PBT. The median follow-up was 46 months (range 28–72). In case of a PBT, a median of 2 EC was transfused. PBT patients were older and had a poorer performance status and more comorbidities as well as locally more advanced or metastatic tumors. In the multivariable analyses, PBT was an independent prognostic factor for acute as well as chronic renal impairment (hazard ratio (HR) 2.72, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.45–5.10, p = 0.002 and HR 2.23, 95% CI 1.26–3.70, p = 0.007). Conclusion: PBT is associated with acute and chronic deterioration of kidney function after surgery for RCC. Thus, it may be used to identify patients requiring close nephrological monitoring.
Retronychia: A Paradigm Shift?
Authors: Pessoa e Costa Tomás , João Ana Luísa , Lencastre André
Published: July 2020

Retronychia is an increasingly known cause of paronychia. It was classically regarded as an indication for total nail plate avulsion, but recent case series have questioned the real need for this approach. In order to establish a proper recommendation for patients presenting with retronychia, we retrospectively reviewed all articles with retronychia case reports. Total nail plate avulsion is still the most efficient treatment option. Topical steroids and other noninvasive approaches can be useful in some early, mild cases, but further prospective studies are needed in order to access their efficacy.
Thin Slices and Maximum Intensity Projection Reconstructions Increase Sensitivity to Hyperdense Middle Cerebral Artery Sign in Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Rosskopf Johannes , Kloth Christopher , Dreyhaupt Jens , Braun Michael , Schmitz Bernd L. , Graeter Tilmann
Published: July 2020

Introduction: Cranial nonenhanced CT (NECT) imaging in hyperacute ischemic stroke is rarely used for assessing arterial obstruction of middle cerebral artery by identifying hyperdense artery sign (HAS). Considering, however, its growing importance due to its impact on the decision-making process of thrombolysis with or without mechanical thrombectomy improved sensitivity to HAS is necessary, particularly in the group of less experienced clinicians being frequently the first one assessing the presence of HAS on NECT. Objective: The present study aimed to investigate the effect of different NECT image reconstructions on the correct detection of hyperdense middle cerebral artery sign in a cohort of observers with lower experience level on NECT. Particularly, MIP image reconstructions were expected to be useful for less experienced observers due to both strengthening of the hyperdensity of HAS and streamlining to less image slices. Methods: Twenty-five of 100 patients’ NECT image data presented with HAS. Sixteen observers with lower practice level on NECT (10 radiologists and 6 neurologists) evaluated independently the 3 image reconstructions of each data set with thin slice 1.5 mm, thick slab 5 mm, and 6-mm maximum intensity projection (MIP) and rated the presence of HAS in middle cerebral artery. A GEE model with random observer effect was used to examine the influence of the 3 image reconstructions on sensitivity to HAS. A linear mixed effects regression model was used to investigate the ranking of detectability of HAS. Interrater reliability was determined by Fleiss’ kappa coefficient (κ). Results: Recognition of HAS and sensitivity to HAS significantly differed between the 3 image reconstructions (p = 0.0106). MIP and thin slice reconstructions yielded each on average the highest sensitivities with 73% compared to thick slab reconstruction with 45% sensitivity. The interobserver reliability was fair (κ, 0.3–0.4). Detectability of HAS was significantly easier and better visible ranked on MIP and thin slice reconstructions compared to thick slab (p < 0.05). Conclusion: MIP and thin slice reconstructions increased the sensitivity to HAS (73%), whereas thick slab reconstructions seemed to be less appropriate (45%).
Raised Plasma Levels of Asymmetric Dimethylarginine Are Associated with Pathological Type and Predict the Therapeutic Effect in Lupus Nephritis Patients Treated with Cyclophosphamide
Authors: Zhang Li , Zhang Kaichong , Dong Wei  , Li Ruizhao , Huang Renwei , Zhang Hong , Shi Wanxin , Liu Shuangxin , Li Zhuo , Chen Yuanhan , Ye Zhiming , Liang Xinling , Yu Xueqing
Published: July 2020

Background: Lupus nephritis (LN) is one of the most serious complications of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) has been associated with cardiovascular events in SLE patients and is a strong predictor of the progression of chronic kidney disease. However, whether ADMA can provide a predictive value for the diagnosis and treatment of LN patients remains unclear. This study evaluated the clinical significance of ADMA in LN patients. Methods: Blood samples of 114 patients with LN, 52 patients with primary glomerular disease, and 20 healthy people were collected. Plasma ADMA was measured via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The relationship between plasma ADMA levels and pathological types and renal function and efficacy in LN patients were further analyzed. Results: There was no significant difference in plasma ADMA levels between LN and primary glomerular disease, but both were significantly higher than the values in healthy people (p < 0.05). Plasma ADMA levels in LN patients were negatively correlated with baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and serum superoxide dismutase and positively correlated with serum cystatin C and serum β2-microglobulin (p < 0.05). The plasma ADMA levels of diffuse proliferative LN patients were significantly higher than those of other histopathological classes of LN. High plasma ADMA levels in LN patients (OR = 1.012; 95% CI 1.003–1.022; p = 0.010) is a risk factor for diffuse proliferative LN. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of diagnosing diffuse proliferative LN by plasma ADMA was 0.707 (95% CI 0.610–0.805). The area under the ROC curve of combination with plasma ADMA, serum complement C3, and eGFR for diffuse proliferative LN was 0.796 (95% CI 0.713–0.879), which was significantly higher than that of ADMA, complement C3, and eGFR for diffuse proliferative LN alone, respectively (p < 0.05). Low plasma ADMA is an independent protective factor for proliferative LN patients achieving complete remission with cyclophosphamide as induction therapy (OR = 0.978; 95% CI 0.961–0.996; p < 0.05). Conclusion: High plasma ADMA levels in combination with eGFR and complement C3 may be useful to diagnose diffuse proliferative LN. Low plasma ADMA may help to predict complete remission in proliferative LN patients treated with cyclophosphamide as induction therapy. Plasma ADMA may be a new biomarker to determine the pathological type of LN and predict the therapeutic effect.
Identification of Complex Pneumonia during the Outbreak of COVID-19: Bacterial Pneumonia Combined with Acute Eosinophilic Pneumonia in Patients with Maintenance Hemodialysis
Authors: Hu Qiong-dan , Mao Nan , Huang Xin-chun , Chen Ding-guo , Zhang Qiong
Published: July 2020

It is of crucial importance to diagnose patients in a timely and clear manner during the outbreak of COVID-19. Different causes of pneumonia makes it difficult to differentiate COVID-19 from others. Hemodialysis patients are a special group of people in this outbreak. We present a successfully treated case of a patient with maintenance hemodialysis from acute eosinophilic pneumonia for using meropenem when treating bacterial pneumonia, avoiding possible panic and waste of quarantine materials in dialysis centers.
Growth Rate of Geographic Atrophy Secondary to Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Meta-Analysis of Natural History Studies and Implications for Designing Future Trials
Authors: Wang Jianyong , Ying Gui-Shuang
Published: July 2020

Introduction: There is no effective treatment for geographic atrophy (GA). To help design future GA treatment trials, we conducted a meta-analysis for GA growth rate and its variability in natural history studies. Methods: Literatures were searched up to April 30, 2020. Data were extracted independently by 2 authors and analyzed using random-effects models. Results: The pooled mean GA growth rate was 1.66 mm2/year (SD = 1.27 mm2/year, I2 = 97.0%, p < 0.001) from 23 studies (3,078 patients) reported with growth rate in mm2/year and 0.33 mm/year (SD = 0.17 mm/year, I2 = 83.0%, p < 0.001) from 12 studies (1,808 patients) reported with growth rate in mm/year. Larger mean baseline GA area in mm2 was associated with larger mean growth rate in both mm2/year and mm/year (p < 0.001). The sample size at 85% power for detecting 15% reduction in growth rate in a 2-arm GA trial is 464 and 209 patients per arm, respectively, for using mm2/year and mm/year as the primary outcome. Discussion/Conclusion: GA natural history studies had a pooled mean (SD) GA growth rate of 1.66 (1.27) mm2/year or 0.33 (0.17) mm/year. Because GA growth rate using mm/year requires smaller sample size than using mm2/year, GA growth rate in mm/year is recommended as the primary outcome measure for future GA trials.
Associations of Left Ventricular Structure and Function With Blood Pressure in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction: Analysis of the TOPCAT Trial
Authors: Wei Fang‐Fei , Xue Ruicong , Thijs Lutgarde , Liang Weihao , Owusu‐Agyeman Marvin , He Xin , Staessen Jan A. , Dong Yugang , Liu Chen
Published: July 2020

Background

Data on the association of systolic and diastolic blood pressure with the structure and function of failing hearts with preserved ejection fraction (
EF
) are sparse.

Methods and Results

This analysis included 935 patients with heart failure (49.4% women; mean age, 69.9 years) with preserved
EF
(≥45%) enrolled in the
TOPCAT
(Treatment of Preserved Cardiac Function Heart Failure With an Aldosterone Antagonist) Trial before initiation of randomized therapy. Left ventricular (
LV
) structure (dimensions, wall thickness, and mass index), diastolic function (left atrial volume index, transmitral blood flow, and mitral annular velocities), and systolic function (
EF
and longitudinal strain) were assessed echocardiographically. In multivariable‐adjusted analyses, association sizes expressed per 1‐
SD
(14.8–mm Hg) increment in systolic blood pressure were 0.020 cm (
P
=0.003) and 0.018 cm (
P
=0.004) for
LV
septal and posterior wall thickness, respectively, and 2.42 mg/m
2
(
P
=0.018) for
LV
mass index. The corresponding associations with diastolic blood pressure were nonsignificant (
P
≥0.067). In similarly adjusted analyses, the association sizes expressed per 1‐
SD
(10.7–mm Hg) increment in diastolic blood pressure were −0.15 for E/A (
P
<0.001), −0.76 for E/e′ (
P
=0.006), and −0.62% for
EF
(
P
=0.024). These findings were consistent, if models including systolic blood pressure were additionally adjusted for diastolic blood pressure and vice versa, albeit that the relation of
EF
with diastolic blood pressure weakened (−0.54%;
P
=0.10).

Conclusions

In diastolic heart failure,
LV
wall thickness and
LV
mass index increased with higher systolic blood pressure, but not with higher diastolic blood pressure, whereas functional measures reflecting diastolic
LV
function decreased with higher diastolic blood pressure, independent of systolic blood pressure. These observations highlight the importance of controlling both systolic and diastolic blood pressure as modifiable risk factors to reduce the risk of
LV
remodeling and diastolic
LV
dysfunction.
Macrophage NCOR1 Deficiency Ameliorates Myocardial Infarction and Neointimal Hyperplasia in Mice
Authors: Du Lin‐Juan , Sun Jian‐Yong , Zhang Wu‐Chang , Wang Yong‐Li , Zhu Hong , Liu Ting , Gao Ming‐Zhu , Zheng Chen , Zhang Yu‐Yao , Liu Yuan , Liu Yan , Shao Shuai , Zhang Xue‐Qing , Leng Qibin , Auwerx Johan , Duan Sheng‐Zhong
Published: July 2020

Background

NCOR1 (nuclear receptor corepressor 1) is an essential coregulator of gene transcription. It has been shown that NCOR1 in macrophages plays important roles in metabolic regulation. However, the function of macrophage NCOR1 in response to myocardial infarction (MI) or vascular wire injury has not been elucidated.

Methods and Results

Here, using macrophage
Ncor1
knockout mouse in combination with a mouse model of MI, we demonstrated that macrophage NCOR1 deficiency significantly reduced infarct size and improved cardiac function after MI. In addition, macrophage NCOR1 deficiency markedly inhibited neointimal hyperplasia and vascular remodeling in a mouse model of arterial wire injury. Inflammation and macrophage proliferation were substantially attenuated in hearts and arteries of macrophage
Ncor1
knockout mice after MI and arterial wire injury, respectively. Cultured primary macrophages from macrophage
Ncor1
knockout mice manifested lower expression of inflammatory genes upon stimulation by interleukin‐1β, interleukin‐6, or lipopolysaccharide, together with much less activation of inflammatory signaling cascades including signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 and nuclear factor‐κB. Furthermore, macrophage
Ncor1
knockout macrophages were much less proliferative in culture, with inhibited cell cycle progression compared with control cells.

Conclusions

Collectively, our data have demonstrated that NCOR1 is a critical regulator of macrophage inflammation and proliferation and that deficiency of NCOR1 in macrophages attenuates MI and neointimal hyperplasia. Therefore, macrophage NCOR1 may serve as a potential therapeutic target for MI and restenosis.
Time‐Dependent Cardiovascular Treatment Benefit Model for Lipid‐Lowering Therapies
Authors: Khan Irfan , Peterson Eric D. , Cannon Christopher P. , Sedita Lauren E. , Edelberg Jay M. , Ray Kausik K.
Published: July 2020

Background

With the availability of new lipid‐lowering therapy options, there is a need to compare the expected clinical benefit of different treatment strategies in different patient populations and over various time frames. We aimed to develop a time‐dependent model from published randomized controlled trials summarizing the relationship between low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol lowering and cardiovascular risk reduction and to apply the model to investigate the effect of treatment scenarios over time.

Methods and Results

A cardiovascular treatment benefit model was specified with parameters as time since treatment initiation, magnitude of low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol reduction, and additional patient characteristics. The model was estimated from randomized controlled trial data from 22 trials for statins and nonstatins. In 15 trials, the new time‐dependent model had better predictions than cholesterol treatment trialists’ estimations for a composite of coronary heart disease death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, and ischemic stroke. In explored scenarios, absolute risk reduction ≥2% with intensive treatment with high‐intensity statin, ezetimibe, and high‐dose proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitor compared with high‐ or moderate‐intensity statin alone were achieved in higher‐risk populations with 2 to 5 years of treatment, and lower‐risk populations with 9 to 11 years of treatment.

Conclusions

The time‐dependent model accurately predicted treatment benefit seen from randomized controlled trials with a given lipid‐lowering therapy by incorporating patient profile, timing, duration, and treatment type. The model can facilitate decision making and scenario analyses with a given lipid‐lowering therapy strategy in various patient populations and time frames by providing an improved assessment of treatment benefit over time.
Damage to the structural connectome reflected in resting-state fMRI functional connectivity
Authors: Wodeyar Anirudh , Cassidy Jessica M. , Cramer Steven C. , Srinivasan Ramesh
Published: July 2020

The relationship between structural and functional connectivity has been mostly examined in intact brains. Fewer studies have examined how differences in structure as a result of injury alters function. In this study we analyzed the relationship of structure to function across patients with stroke among whom infarcts caused heterogenous structural damage. We estimated relationships between distinct brain regions of interest (ROIs) from functional MRI in two pipelines. In one analysis pipeline, we measured functional connectivity by using correlation and partial correlation between 114 cortical ROIs. We found fMRI-BOLD partial correlation was altered at more edges as a function of the structural connectome (SC) damage, relative to the correlation. In a second analysis pipeline, we limited our analysis to fMRI correlations between pairs of voxels for which we possess SC information. We found that voxel-level functional connectivity showed the effect of structural damage that we could not see when examining correlations between ROIs. Further, the effects of structural damage on functional connectivity are consistent with a model of functional connectivity, diffusion, which expects functional connectivity to result from activity spreading over multiple edge anatomical paths.
Reducing Outgroup Bias through Intergroup Contact with Non-Playable Video Game Characters in VR
Authors: Breves Priska
Published: July 2020

Video games are one of the most popular media forms in today's society, but are often criticized for various reasons. For instance, mainstream video games do not incorporate enough racially diverse game characters or are often connected to adolescents’ levels of aggression and have thus been the focus of many debates. While the negative consequences of video games have been analyzed by many academic studies, research on the prosocial effects of video games is scarce. To address this research gap and support the ongoing call for more diverse video game characters, this study used a 3 × 1 between-subjects design (N = 86) to test the impact of racially diverse non-playable characters (NPCs). The parasocial contact hypothesis was used as the theoretical foundation, incorporating virtual reality technology as an intensifier of effects. The results showed that helping a Black NPC did not reduce implicit bias, but reduced explicit bias towards Black people. This improvement was stronger when the video game was played using virtual reality technology than when using a traditional two-dimensional gaming device.
Rhinogobius houheensis, a new species of freshwater goby (Teleostei: Gobiidae) from the Houhe National Nature Reserve, Hubei province, China
Authors: WANGHE KUNYUAN , HU FAXIANG , CHEN MINHAO , LUAN XIAOFENG
Published: July 2020

A new freshwater goby, Rhinogobius houheensis, is described based on 40 specimens in a freshwater stream from the Houhe National Nature Reserve, Hubei Province, China. The new species can be distinguished from all its congeneric species by the following combination of characters: thee first dorsal fin rays VI, the second dorsal fin rays I/9-I/10; anal fin rays I/7-I/8; pectoral-fin rays 16–17; longitudinal scale series 37–40; transverse scales 12–14; predorsal scale series 0; and vertebrae counts 12+18=30. The first three spinous rays in the first dorsal fin are colored with two dark-blue stripes and one black spot in alive.
Two new species of Anastrepha (Diptera: Tephritidae) from Ecuador
Authors: TROYA HENRY , NORRBOM ALLEN L. , PINEDA JULIA E. BOLANOS
Published: July 2020

Despite the fact that many species are economically important agricultural pests, the fruit fly fauna of Ecuador is still relatively poorly known. To better understand this fauna and the distribution and host plants of the pest species, the Proyecto Nacional de Manejo de las Moscas de la Fruta of AGROCALIDAD has conducted trapping surveys in many parts of the country. Two new species of Anastrepha from Ecuador that were collected by this project are described and illustrated: A. quadripuncta Troya & Norrbom and A. tinctobasis Troya & Norrbom. A new species group, the morvasi group, is recognized for A. morvasi Zucchi and A. quadripuncta.
Synthesis and characterization of boron and phosphorus-containing phenol formaldehyde resin-modified polyurethane composites
Authors: Wu Kuo-Hui , Wang Je-Chuang , Jheng Min-Jhong , Chang Yin-Chiung
Published: July 2020

Composite films with polyurethane (PU), phenol formaldehyde resin (PFR) and boron, phosphorus-containing phenol formaldehyde resins (P-PFR and B, P-PFR), were synthesized using sol–gel and copolymerization techniques. These composite films were deposited via spin-coating onto
an aluminum alloy (AA) for improve the corrosion protection. The effects of different types of PFR on the structural, thermal and mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of the composites were investigated. The structures and morphologies of the composites were investigated by the gel
permeation chromatography (GPC), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). It was shown from the dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) that the mechanical and thermal properties of PU were improved
by incorporation of PFR, P-PFR and B, P-PFR. In addition, the PU/PFR composites provided an excellent corrosion protection in comparison with PU according to potentio-dynamic and salt-spray analyses.
Research on electric thermal aging resistance new energy material transformer oil based on steady quality engineering technology
Authors: Mohammed Alkhaibari Abdulmuttalib A , Yuan Shanmi
Published: July 2020

The aim of this study was to investigate the electrical resistance of polycarbonate film and polyester film materials in new energy materials during electrothermal aging in transformer oil. Insulating paper was used as a comparative material to compare the breakdown voltage and initial
voltage of insulating paper, polycarbonate film, and polyester film in electrothermal aging at 90 °C, 110 °C, and 130 °C. The best performance in the test was achieved by polycarbonate film, followed by polyester film, while the worst performance was that of insulating paper. Polycarbonate
film can be used as an insulating material in transformers, and it has great application value and commercial prospects.
Study on the rule of blister formation and identification technology of multi-cores copper wires in fire
Authors: Liang Axin , Li Yang , Yang Shu
Published: July 2020

The common presence of the wire blisters in fire indicates that the wire was exposed to fire. Yet current overload happening before fire also causes some wire blisters. Most trace evidences on the wire from fire are required to examine melted blisters marks of the wire. Thus, it is
critical to clearly identify and determine the differences between blisters merely exposure to fire and current overload for fire investigators. Two fire scenarios, fire heating and overcurrent, and 2.5 mm2 multi-cores copper wires were selected by this paper to make blisters. Then,
the identification technology of blisters was studied. The experimental results suggested that the external appearance and metallographic structure taken on by blisters were not the precise evidences to identify whether blisters are merely exposed to fire or overcurrent. Therefore, the metallographical
method of polarized light was used to analyse Cu2O content in blisters. Besides, such content was used to accurately identify two kinds of blisters. The content of Cu2O of the overcurrent blisters was larger than that of the fire heating blisters notably.
The impact of synthesis techniques on the properties of hybrid perovskite materials for photovoltaic application
Authors: Olaleru S. Akin , Wamwangi Daniel , Kirui Joseph K. , Roro Kittessa T. , Mwakikunga Bonex , Palaniyandy Nithyadharseni , El-Mahallawy Naheed , Rashad Mohammed
Published: July 2020

Hybrid perovskites are organometal halide materials that are attractive to the researchers owing to impressive physical properties like absorption coefficients. Controlled formation of perovskite crystal during the preparation process is key to achieving better morphological features,
thereby influencing the material's properties. In this paper, we examined the impact of two synthesis techniques as well as new material composition on the properties of the perovskite materials. These perovskite materials were produced by one- and two-step solution processes and the kinetics
of the composition of perovskite were characterized by the following techniques: UV-vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Thermo gravimetric analysis. The electrochemical properties were examined by cyclic voltammetry using the two-electrode system. All samples exhibited an absorption
onset around 850 nm which corresponded well with the energy gap (∼1.55 eV). The two-step process resulted in smooth XRD patterns, hence exhibiting improved crystallinity owing to sharper peaks than those from one-step process. The sample crystallite sizes ranged of 44–81 nm. We conclude
that two synthesis techniques together with new materials composition showed better thermal stability compared with previous reports. Cyclic voltammetry indicated that the perovskite electrodes exhibited stable electrochemical performance and easy charge transfer during the reaction. Our results
suggest better electrochemical properties with possible capacitance which is beneficial for energy storage devices.
New on the Block: Analyzing Network Selection Trajectories in a Prison Treatment Program
Authors: Schaefer David R. , Kreager Derek A.
Published: July 2020

Personal network change is largely driven by transitions between the groups and organizations where people spend their day-to-day lives. But, how do entrants choose which relationships to pursue among the numerous possibilities a new environment offers? We expect newcomers will use the same mechanisms as longer-tenured members, although this will take time as they acclimate and form initial relationships that support future ties. Thus, our goal is to understand how the network selection processes used by new organizational members shift in importance as time in the organization grows. We focus on network selection via homophily, propinquity, formal relations, and endogenous network processes. For each mechanism, we distinguish between change in the strength of the mechanism and opportunities to enact the mechanism. We evaluate expected changes using network data from a prison-based therapeutic community (TC). This setting is ideal because the structured nature of TC entry and exit generates regular membership turnover and removes confounds present in studies of more familiar contexts (e.g., schools). Results show that the relative importance of network selection mechanisms varies over tenure, with homophily dominating early on and endogenous network processes catching up later. We discuss implications of these findings for new member socialization and broader patterns of inequality.
The Evolving Landscape of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Lee Rachel M. , Gamboa Adriana C. , Turgeon Michael K. , Yopp Adam , Ryon Emily L. , Kronenfeld Joshua P. , Goel Neha , Wang Annie , Lee Ann Y. , Luu Sommer , Hsu Cary , Silberfein Eric , Maithel Shishir K. , Russell Maria C.
Published: July 2020

Background

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) has historically been the most common cause of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in the United States. With improved HCV treatment, cirrhosis secondary to other etiologies is increasing. Given this changing epidemiology, our aim was to determine the impact of cirrhosis etiology on overall survival (OS) in patients with HCC.

Methods

All patients with cirrhosis and primary HCC from the US Safety Net Collaborative (2012-2014) database were included. Patients were grouped into “safety net” and “academic” based on where they received their care. The primary outcome was the OS.

Results

1479 patients were included. The average age was 60 years and 78% (n = 1156) were male. 56% (n = 649) received care at academic and 44% (n = 649) at safety net hospitals. The median model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) was 10 (IQR 8-16). Median OS was 23 months. Etiology of cirrhosis was viral hepatitis 56% (n = 612), alcohol abuse 14% (n = 152), alcohol and hepatitis 23% (n = 251), and other 7% (n = 85). Patients with alcohol-related cirrhosis (alcohol alone or with hepatitis) were younger (59 vs 62 years), more likely to be male (86% vs 75%), treated at a safety net facility (45% vs 35%), uninsured (17% vs 13%), and had a higher MELD (median 12 vs 10) (all P < .003). They were less likely to have been screened for HCC within 1 year of diagnosis (20% vs 29%) and to receive treatment (69% vs 81%), and more likely to present with stage IV disease (21% vs 15%) (all P < .001). Patients with alcohol-related cirrhosis had decreased OS (5-year OS 24% vs 40%, P < .001), which persisted in a subset analysis of both academic and safety net populations.

Conclusion

Although not significant on MVA, alcohol-related cirrhosis is associated with all factors that correlate with decreased survival from HCC. Efforts must focus on this vulnerable patient population to optimize screening, treatment, and outcomes.
Relationship Between Platelet to Lymphocyte Ratio and Stable Coronary Artery Disease: Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies
Authors: Qiu Zhiqiang , Jiang Yu , Jiang Xinghua , Yang Renqiang , Wu Yanqing , Xu Yan , Cheng Xiaoshu
Published: July 2020

Recent studies have reported a relationship between the platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and acute coronary syndromes. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between PLR and stable coronary artery disease (CAD). A systematic search was conducted based on electronic databases (Cochrane, PubMed, Elsevier, Medline, and Embase). A total of 14 studies (n = 4,871) were included in the meta-analysis. Compared with the non-CAD group, PLR was significantly higher in CAD group ( P = .002). After further classification according to the Gensini score, the cases with atherosclerosis demonstrated a higher PLR than those without atherosclerosis ( P < .001). Platelet to lymphocyte ratio was higher in the severe atherosclerosis group compared with the mild atherosclerosis group ( P < .001). Compared with the poor coronary collateral circulation (CCC) group, PLR was significantly lower in the good CCC group ( P < .001). The PLR was significantly higher in patients with coronary slow flow (CSF) than those with normal coronary flow ( P = .01). On the basis of current evidence, an elevated PLR was associated with stable CAD, and it might be useful for predicting CAD severe stenosis, collateral circulation, and CSF. Future studies are needed to clarify the relationship between PLR and stable CAD.