bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MANEJO CLÍNICO DA SÍNDROME DE GITELMAN: UMA REVISÃO ATUALIZADA
Authors: Silva Josianne Romagnoli , Silva Afrânio Júnior Romagnoli
Published: August 2024

Introdução: A realização desta pesquisa é de suma importância devido à necessidade de fornecer orientações atualizadas e diretrizes eficazes para o tratamento dessa condição. Considerando a raridade da síndrome e sua variabilidade clínica, é crucial consolidar conhecimentos sobre abordagens terapêuticas mais eficazes, protocolos de monitoramento adequados e identificação de potenciais complicações. Objetivo: Apresentar através de evidências científicas o manejo clínico da Síndrome de Gitelman, com o intuito de fornecer uma síntese abrangente das abordagens terapêuticas disponíveis, protocolos de monitoramento recomendados e possíveis complicações associadas à doença. Metodologia: Realizou-se uma revisão integrativa da literatura, mediante um levantamento de dados nas bases científicas: LILACS, PUBMED e SCIELO. Resultados e Discussões: Estudos têm demonstrado que a suplementação oral de potássio e magnésio constitui uma abordagem eficaz para corrigir os desequilíbrios eletrolíticos frequentemente observados nessa síndrome, contribuindo para aliviar sintomas como fraqueza muscular e câimbras. Ademais, além da suplementação de eletrólitos, os diuréticos poupadores de potássio têm sido amplamente utilizados no manejo clínico da Síndrome de Gitelman, visando promover a retenção desses íons essenciais. Conclusão: Frente ao exposto, a revisão atualizada sobre o manejo clínico da Síndrome de Gitelman destaca a importância de uma abordagem abrangente e multidisciplinar para o cuidado desses pacientes. Ao considerar as evidências científicas disponíveis, foi possível identificar uma variedade de opções terapêuticas, desde a suplementação de eletrólitos até o uso de medicamentos específicos, todos eles desempenhando um papel crucial na estabilização dos desequilíbrios eletrolíticos e na melhoria dos sintomas associados à síndrome.
DOENÇA DO REFLUXO GASTROESOFÁGICO: FISIOPATOLOGIA, MANIFESTAÇÕES CLÍNICAS E ABORDAGENS TERAPÊUTICAS
Authors: Sanchez Diogo Marina Pezzetti , de Oliveira Moura Leonardo Salles , Capistrano Brito Yolanda Luz , Almeida Leo de Azevedo , de Souza Alves Moisés Elias , Ávilla Ingrid Jayme , Guerra Yago Azevedo , de Araújo Nogueira Filho Carlos Alberto Rocha , Simões Paiva Arthur Henrique , Siquara Neto Emmanoel de Jesus
Published: August 2024

A doença do refluxo gastroesofágico (DRGE) é uma condição crônica caracterizada pelo retorno do conteúdo gástrico ao esôfago, resultando em sintomas que variam de azia e regurgitação a manifestações extraesofágicas como tosse crônica e dor torácica. A patogênese da DRGE envolve um desequilíbrio entre os fatores protetores, como a função do esfíncter esofágico inferior, e os fatores agressores, como a acidez gástrica elevada. A DRGE pode levar a complicações graves, incluindo esofagite erosiva, estenose esofágica e a progressão para esôfago de Barrett (EB), uma condição pré-maligna associada ao adenocarcinoma esofágico (ACE). O diagnóstico de DRGE é clínico e pode ser confirmado pelo alívio dos sintomas com o uso de inibidores da bomba de prótons (IBP). Nos casos em que a endoscopia digestiva alta (EDA) é indicada, a classificação de Los Angeles é utilizada para avaliar a esofagite. A monitorização do pH esofágico é o padrão-ouro para diagnóstico em pacientes sem esofagite erosiva visível. O tratamento da DRGE inclui mudanças no estilo de vida, como elevação da cabeceira da cama e controle de peso, além de terapias medicamentosas com IBPs. Em casos refratários ou em pacientes que não desejam tratamento prolongado com medicamentos, a intervenção cirúrgica pode ser considerada. A identificação precoce e o manejo adequado da DRGE são cruciais para prevenir complicações a longo prazo, incluindo o desenvolvimento de ACE.
SEQUELAS DE ACIDENTES DE TRANSPORTE NO BRASIL: UM ESTUDO SOBRE MORTALIDADE NA ÚLTIMA DÉCADA
Authors: da Silva Willian Queiroz , Paiva de Souza Hana Lis
Published: August 2024

Objetivos: Este estudo tem como objetivo examinar os padrões de mortalidade decorrentes de sequelas de acidentes de transporte no Brasil ao longo da última década, focando nas distribuições etárias, de gênero e raciais, além de analisar os locais onde as mortes ocorreram e as causas básicas das sequelas. Métodos: Foi realizada uma análise retrospectiva de 1.381 casos válidos de óbitos devido a sequelas de acidentes de transporte, utilizando dados epidemiológicos nacionais. As variáveis analisadas incluíram idade, gênero, raça, tipo de acidente de transporte, local de ocorrência e causas básicas das sequelas. Foram conduzidas análises estatísticas descritivas e inferenciais para identificar padrões significativos. Resultados: A maioria das vítimas era composta por adultos entre 20 e 59 anos (70,1%), seguidos por idosos com 60 anos ou mais (24,8%) e jovens de 0 a 19 anos (5,1%), com média de idade de 46,92 anos (±18,725). Observou-se uma predominância masculina (81,2%) em comparação com as mulheres (18,8%) (χ²=16,106, p<0,001). Racialmente, a maior incidência foi entre pessoas brancas (54,2%), seguidas por pardas (34,9%) e pretas (7,5%) (χ²=54,351, p<0,001). A maioria das mortes ocorreu em hospitais (56,4%), sendo as sequelas majoritariamente relacionadas a acidentes envolvendo veículos a motor (73,6%) (χ²=6,959, p=0,031). Entre as causas básicas, destacaram-se as sequelas de acidentes de veículos a motor (45,6%) e outras causas inespecíficas e mal definidas de mortalidade (6,7%). Conclusões: Os achados enfatizam a necessidade de políticas públicas voltadas à prevenção de acidentes de transporte, melhorias no atendimento emergencial e na precisão da documentação das causas de morte. São recomendadas intervenções específicas para grupos mais vulneráveis, como os idosos. O estudo reforça a importância de estratégias que visem reduzir a mortalidade associada a sequelas de acidentes de transporte e aprimorar a assistência pré-hospitalar.
Pengembangan Bahan Ajar Model Mind Mapping dalam Meningkatkan Keterampilan Menulis Siswa SDN 1 Setanggor Selatan
Authors: Sifaiyah  , Nahdi Khirjan , Mohzana Mohzana
Published: August 2024

Development of Mind Mapping Model Teaching Materials in Improving Writing Skills for Students of SDN 1 Setanggor Selatan This development research aims to: (1) produce teaching materials in the form of modules to improve students' ability to make mind mapping, (2) produce appropriate modules to improve students' ability to make mind mapping, and (3) produce effective modules to improve students' abilities. in making mind maps. This development research refers to the development design steps developed by Dick & Carey (2009:6-8). The development design is grouped into five development procedures, which include (a) Requirements Analysis Phase, (b) Product Design Phase (c) Phase, (d) Validation and Evaluation (e) Final Product Phase. The product trial consisted of an alpha test conducted by two material experts and two media experts, as well as a beta test which was carried out in 2 stages, namely beta 1 test (small group trial) to 6 grade VI students and beta 2 test (large group trial). ) to 26 students of class VI. Collecting data using interview guidelines, observations, questionnaires for material experts, questionnaires for media experts, and student response questionnaires. This research (1) produces teaching materials in the form of modules equipped with instructions for use as learning resources to support Indonesian language learning, (2) the resulting product is considered very feasible to improve students' ability to make mind mapping based on the assessment of material experts, media experts, and test subjects, and (3) the resulting product is effective in increasing students' ability to make mind mapping, as evidenced by the average pretest score of 22.65, an increase in the posttest of 74.23 with a gain score of 0.71
Upaya Meningkatkan Kemampuan Membaca Siswa Dengan Metode TGT (Teames Games Tournament) Pada Siswa Kelas IVA SDN 01 Mamben Daya Semester 1 Tahun Pelajaran 2021/2022
Authors: Yanti Ika Tija , Sopian Asri
Published: August 2024

This study aims to improve students' reading skills through the TGT (Teams Games Tournament) method. This type of research is CAR (Classroom Action Research) which is carried out in two cycles with each cycle being carried out in two meetings. Each meeting consists of four stages, namely planning, implementation, observation and reflection which is carried out for two hours of lessons. The subjects of this study were students of class IVA SDN 01 Mamben Daya. Data collection techniques using observation, documentation and oral tests. The data analysis technique used is descriptive qualitative and descriptive quantitative. The results in the initial condition of students' ability to read words through the TGT (Teams Games Tournament) method only reached 11 students with a percentage of 50% belonging to the "completed" category while 11 students with a percentage of 50% belonging to the "incomplete" category. In the first cycle the increase in students' abilities increased by 13 students with a percentage of 63% belonging to the "completed" category while 9 students with a percentage of 37% belonging to the "incomplete" category. While in the second cycle there were 20 students with a percentage of 80% belonging to the "completed" category while 2 students with a percentage of 20% belonging to the "incomplete" category. So that research using the TGT (Teams Games Tournament) method is said to be successful in improving students' reading skills
An Evaluation of MGNREGA, 2005 With Special Reference to the State of Gujarat
Authors: Gujarat National Law University, Gandhinagar, Gujarat Dr. Asha Verma,
Published: August 2024

This research paper aims at studying and analysing the initiatives of the government, the positive impacts and need to overhaul the Mahatma Gandhi Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA), 2005- the social security and employment guarantee scheme for the unorganised sector.
This paper makes an analysis into the intricacies of the scheme and stresses on the need for the continuation of the scheme in the following years as it has proved to be a lifesaver for millions of Indians.
However, for MGNREGA to realise its true potential there is an immediate need for effective implementation which will be possible by a persistent political will. The paper delves into the conflict of MGNREGA wages with the Minimum Wages Act, 1948 and states the lessons learnt so far and mechanisms that should be set in place for maximising results.
The paper also makes an empirical research to arrive at a result as to the divergence in perspectives of rural and urban population as to the implications and benefits of MGNREGA.
Fruition of Right to Food Vis-À-Vis Notion Of Justice: a Roadmap For Contemporary Legal Foundation
Authors: Sourabh Vasant Chhaya Ubale
Published: August 2024

The Right to Food (RTF) and food security is the foundation of a decent life and an integral part of fundamental rights. The impulse of justice and human rights in connection to the right to food has its foundation deeply rooted in jurisprudence. Thus, the main aim of this paper is to study law and social transformation in providing, protecting and promoting RTF, from the evolution of this concept to the envisage of its prosperity in the contemporary era. Hence, this paper will trace the evolution of RTF from the ancient period of Dharma, Shrutis-Smritis, and Chandragupta Dynasty to the modern period of pre-independence and post-independence where there was recognition of this right which further modified. The paper will further deal with the International Jurisprudence which is protecting RTF and the comparative analysis of the various jurisprudential theories in implementing and protecting RTF which help adopt policies and mechanism to achieve success towards RTF. It concludes with the ideas that will strengthen the RTF.
Approach of Indian Judiciary towards Sustainable Development in India
Authors: S. Singh
Published: August 2024

Sustainable development is increasingly promulgated in international and national legal contexts, but there is a long way to go in terms of implementation. In recent years, there has been a sustained focus on the role played by the higher judiciary in devising and monitoring the implementation of measures for pollution control, conservation of forests and wildlife protection. Many of these judicial interventions have been triggered by the persistent incoherence in policy-making as well as the lack of capacity-building amongst the executive agencies.
However, recently, Judiciary is playing the vital role in the protection of environment. One of the main developments in the Indian Judiciary is the Public Interest Litigation. It is the new jurisprudence and is called “Jurisprudence of Masses”. The role of Indian Supreme Court in resolving environmental disputes has contributed immensely to the evolution of environmental jurisprudence and principles in India. This includes recognizing right to healthy environment as a part of fundamental rights and the various principles of environmental protection. It appears that the international environmental law principles have been utilized by the Indian courts not only to ‘formulate’ much of the contemporary environmental jurisprudence in India but also to ‘enrich’ the same. This process is still going on and is a strong approach towards the achievement of sustainable development.
Critical review of changing trend relating to maintenance under personal laws in India
Authors: Dr. Kiran Gardner
Published: August 2024

Maintenance is an allowance, required by the law to be made to a wife, out of her husband’s estate for her support either during the matrimonial suit or on its termination where fact of marriage is established and she proves herself entitled separate maintenance.
Maintenance can be claimed by wives under all matrimonial statutes except under the Dissolution of Muslim Marriage Act, 1939, as an ancillary relief in matrimonial proceedings. The right can be claimed only as subsidiary relief while claiming a primary matrimonial relief such as divorce, judicial separation, annulment of marriage, or restitution of conjugal rights. The Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005 provides an additional avenue for women to claim maintenance and compensation from their husbands and live in partners. Under these provisions, maintenance can be obtained without the necessity of initiating proceedings for a primary matrimonial relief.
Concept Of Property - Jurisprudential Perspective
Authors: Prof. T. Sita Kumari  , Dr. G. Indira Priyadarsini
Published: August 2024

Cormac McCarthy said that ‘At one time in the world there were woods that no one owned’, when man had no selfishness and possessiveness. During that ancient period man lived without ownership and he knew no owning of things. That is why Lisa St. Aubin de Teran says, 'I knew, as every peasant does, that land can never be truly owned. The whole mankind are the keepers of the soil, the curators of trees'. But as time passed man became civilised, with the civilisation man also developed possessive nature accordingly John Locke explained that ‘Every man has a property in his own person. This nobody has a right to, but himself’. So man started claiming property as his right. James Madison rightly mentioned ‘As a man is said to have a right to his property, he may be equally said to have a property in his rights’. But in due course of civilisation man has transformed such that he could not live devoid of property. Ayn Rand also made a mention that 'Just as man can't exist without his body, so no rights can exist without the right to translate one's rights into reality, to think, to work and keep the results, which means: the right of property'. But man should understand the reality as posed by Martin Luther King, Jr. that 'Property is intended to serve life, and no matter how much we surround it with rights and respect, it has no personal being. It is part of the earth man walks on. It is not man'.
A Paradigm Shift Towards Sustainability: An Environmental Irony
Authors: Babel Somya , Poduval Sreedevi
Published: August 2024

Since last few decades, the environmental challenges have been garnering severe attention from all the masses around the globe and have affected the political, social, legal as well as economical aspects at a considerably large scale. The environmental threats such as biomedical waste, textile waste, food waste, etc. have been hampering and posing threats to the living beings. An error in segregating and dumping the biomedical waste can taint the groundwater resources and may also pollute the air we breathe in. Several atmospheric discharges such as Nitrogen and Sulphur Oxide from the furnaces of the textile mills pose a threat to the workers and the environment. Only few of us contemplate the role played by the food waste in imposing grievous damage to the environment by the Methane gas which is released after it decomposes. Apart from the individuals, the corporate organizations have also played a major role in endangering the natural resources as well as the environment. This paper showcases the disproportionate penalties paid by the huge corporate organizations in lieu of the actual damage caused to the environment. The plight of the environment has been relieved through various national laws, international laws and policies. In some parts of the world, the mitigating policies have been implemented at a rapid pace while the other part still struggles for justice and environment friendly policies. This paper aims to highlight the role of the legislature and the judiciary in the evolution of the laws and policies pertaining to the environment.
The Facade of Federalist Incongruity: A Political Pretense To A Popular Menace
Authors: Varadharajan Miss. Sasi
Published: August 2024

Sand, being a minor mineral, slips out of the Union List of the Seventh Schedule; which section 15 of the MMDR Act[1] re-assures. This, coupled with entries 23 and 64 of State List is construed as categorical constraint on Union interference in the popular menace of sand mining. But, this paper here crusades to construct an inclusive interpretation of entries 17A, 17B, 20, 34 of concurrent List and entries 13, 42, 51, 54, 56, 97 of the Union List to compel unconditional compliance to conservation justice principles. Sand mining, apart from being viewed as a robbery of a resource in itself, must be viewed under the wide lens of wildlife, habitation and ecology. These three are intertwined in a way that the changes in the geomorphology of river, its physical and chemical properties, the consequential head-cutting thereof erode the exotic wildlife of their naturally available habitat, migrating the zoonotic diseases along with them to human settlements. The artificial lateral erosion in the form of degrading dredging also attacks the stability of standing structures like bridges, water tanks, railway pillars, etc. The human habitation is also affected by the suspended particulate matter in air and potholed pathways, a result of wrongly chosen routes for transport. Hence, as lucrative and necessary the business of sand and construction sounds, it is more crucial to consider the grave existential threat of rampaging our rivers. The State specific solutions have either been stuck in 1950s laws[2] or come off as late epiphanies to altogether ban mining. A combined crusade for preservation and public health commands a quasi federalist conscience of a common conservation law than a duty dividing federalist approach between the Centre and the States.[1] Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) Act, 1957.[2] An example would be the Tamil Nadu Minor Mineral Concession Rules, 1959.
The Evolution of Ecological Consciousness: A Political Issue
Authors: Bohara Nehal
Published: August 2024

The paper involves an attempt to focus on the question of how sustainable development became a political issue. The path to discuss the ideology and its growth as a political concern leads to an emphasis over its origin. First, an attempt to trace the ecological sentiments back to the dawn of the Neolithic or Paleolithic times where people respected nature and had a more caring and responsive view and how and how they establish harmonious practices for resource management. Second, the emphasis on some of the most dangerous and threatening exercises by the biologists through their books. Thirdly, is the phase of the late 20th century when intense use of land, industrialization, over population etc. became a source of origin for ecological consciousness. The individual and international conditions and impacts in the 20th century are supported by some examples. Industrialization and capitalism was a main cause for the evolution of ecological consciousness as it focused on profit generation and consumerism gradually over populating the humans and eventually becoming threat to their well being. Further an attempt is made to trace the conditions in India and the relation between poverty and ecological degradation is explained and simplified. Later the question about the comprehension of ecological damages with the decreasing availability of natural resources is been dealt with help of some examplesThe desire is to answer the question of how the idea of sustainable development and ecological consciousness became political that is how this issue being social, economic and scientific turned out to be a political issue or how the people became politically active and felt the need for their deliberate action over the concernThe dilemma of limited natural resources and their exploitation due to unending human aspirations for growth and development has also raised the question whether the natural capital stock which includes environment and other natural resources will be affected by these human aspirations.Therefore the paper is to make people aware about how certain evolution of ecological consciousness has been emerging to be a political issue by referring to the origin, evolution and related social complications.
Disaster Management and Early Warning System: Human Rights Perspective
Authors: Srinivas M.
Published: August 2024

The origins of a disaster lie in nature and as well as in various human activities. Economically well-off and technologically advanced countries have failed in discovering proper solutions to disasters. The mere presence of hazard does not lead to disaster, there must be vulnerability also. Disaster plus vulnerability leads to damage. Making high probabilities from an undesirable event to low probabilities is disaster management. Risk analysis plays an important role in disaster management. Disaster management means the organization, planning and indication of measures preparing for, responding to and, initial recovery from disasters. Geographic Information System (GIS) and Remote Sensing play a very important role in disaster management and risk reduction. Early warning system is very useful in taking care of measures relating to pre-disaster mitigation and preparedness measures, emergency relief and reconstruction efforts. The problems and multiple human rights challenges posed by natural disasters are mainly of humanitarian nature and it is observed that the human rights of disaster victims are not sufficiently taken care of. In June 2006, the UN Inter-Agency Standing Committee (IASC) adopted Operational Guidelines on Human Rights and Natural Disasters, which are aimed at protecting the rights of persons affected by natural disasters. Human rights-based approach should be considered as one of the measures to increase accountability for warning and it must be ensured that warnings should reach the each and one who are residing in disaster prone areas.
Analysing the Impact of Climate Change on Human Rights Through the Legislative Framework
Authors: Modi Ritu , Goyal Neha
Published: August 2024

The natural environment gives human creatures and the communities in which we live with the assets we have to be accomplish lives of nobility and well-being – clean air to breathe; clean water to drink; nourishment to eat; powers for vitality; security from storms, surges, fires and dry spell; climate control and illness control; and places to assemble for tasteful, recreational and otherworldly delight. These natural endowments often referred to as environment services that are at once essential for the core survival and imperative to human prospering. Every nation on the globe is paying the price of climate change but the most suffering category is the poorest countries who will suffer more in future from the enduring climate change. It is one of the most challenging strand in today’s era that humankind is facing and have affected not only economic, social aspects of life but has some major human rights repercussions. As there is a direct link between environment and human rights and Effects of climate change leads to large scale human rights violation. In order to overcome the aftermath of climate change each and every country in the world including governmental agencies and private actors should respond to these impacts in the best possible manner.
Marine Biodiversity Management under the UNCLOS: Scope and Challenges in the era of blue Economy Policy
Authors: KK SIMI
Published: August 2024

Developing a governance framework for marine biodiversity, explicitly to Marine Genetic Resources (MGRs) is crucial for the conservation and sustainable use of marine biodiversity. Addressing the challenge of protecting biodiversity in the global ocean requires a sound knowledge and understanding of the complex marine environment with a sound support for ocean governance, including data development and expert consultation, that could also contribute to the UN Decade of Ocean Science for the proposed 2021–2030 Sustainable Development. Future challenges include capacity building and new approaches to incorporate traditional knowledge. Even though the CBD framework put forward a legal framework for the governance of biological diversity from within national jurisdiction, but the issue of biodiversity governance from beyond national jurisdictions remained unaddressed. The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) framework leaves behind the marine scientific research activities under the ‘freedom of high seas’ regime, but the international community has become increasingly aware of the growing threats to marine biodiversity in ABNJ and been conferring alternatives to conserve and sustainably use it. UNCLOS proposes to promote sustainable use and conservation of marine living resources especially marine mammals and highly migratory species but specifically silent on marine genetic resources and promotion of marine scientific research in ABNJ for the efficient utilization of resources. UNCLOS lacks modern conservation principles (such as the ecosystem approach and precautionary principle) and conservation tools (such as strategic environmental assessments and marine spatial planning) that is part of achieving sustainable development goals. This paper aims to do critical study of UNCLOS provisions and the international legal principles and economical concepts to bring a balance between competing values, perspectives and interests in the conservation and sustainable governance of marine biodiversity is aimed through this paper.
Image Rights of Sportspersons: Increasing the Ambit of Privacy
Authors: Tarun  , Rajpal Rahul , Chauhan Vikrant Singh
Published: August 2024

Image rights represent the ability of an individual to control the use or portrayal of their identity in public, something which should ideally be within the sole control of that individual. However, the presence of miniscule legislative backing along with the views of large corporations have shown otherwise. Image rights, especially of players, present an attractive commercial opportunity, often forming a huge source of earnings for clubs, national teams and even video game franchises. However, the protection and treatment of image rights of athletes has started a controversy where players are now recognizing the value of these rights and the lack of control they possess over their use. Large corporations such as EA Sports have shown an utter disregard for the right of a player to control or even cash in on the use of their image, bringing forth the question whether the current protection of image rights is sufficient. This study has uncovered the sheer lack of protection available to these rights in most countries, with some jurisdictions failing to recognize the right of a player to control their identity. This study has analyzed and brought forth the flaws in the system, whilst highlighting the immense economic potential for both athletes and clubs.
Navigating the Climate Crisis: Exploring International Law's Evolution and Application
Authors: Aloamaka Patrick Chukwunonso
Published: August 2024

The climate crisis demands a global effort to mitigate its impact and adapt to the changing environment. International law is essential in addressing this crisis, enabling cooperation and providing a framework for action. This study explores the evolution and effectiveness of international law in navigating the climate crisis. It examines the historical development of international environmental law, highlighting key milestones like the UNFCCC and the Paris Agreement. The study evaluates the effectiveness of international law in driving climate action through mechanisms such as emission reduction targets, reporting obligations, financial assistance, and technology transfer. It also addresses challenges within the existing legal framework, including enforcement mechanisms, compliance issues, and equitable treatment of developing countries. Furthermore, the study explores the evolving role of non-state actors in shaping climate governance and influencing international legal norms. It investigates transnational networks, voluntary initiatives, and corporate social responsibility as complementary to international legal instruments. Finally, the research identifies pathways for future development and enhancement of international climate law, emphasizing more ambitious emission reduction commitments, integrating climate considerations into other areas of international law, and exploring innovative legal approaches like climate litigation and climate-related trade measures.
Laws on Registration of Marriages in India and its Utility
Authors: Desai Divyam
Published: August 2024

India is a country of diverse customs and traditions. Marriage is a concept which is largely driven by the customs prevalent in the country and because of this there are several legislations on marriage and divorce. The paper will examine how compulsory registration of marriage with uniform procedures can play an important role in avoiding vexatious matrimonial conflicts and other social evils like child marriage etc. The existing laws on registration of marriages and state legislation on compulsory registration after Supreme Court’s guidelines will be closely analyzed. The effectiveness and utility of each law will be analyzed from the bare reading of the law and with the help of case laws.
Hipocalcemia subclínica em bovinos leiteiros e sua relação com as doenças no pós-parto
Authors: Patelli Thais Helena Constanino , Santos Luis Gabriel Cucunubo , Ramella Keli Daiane Cristina Libardi
Published: August 2024

A evolução da capacidade de produção das vacas leiteiras tem despertado atenção nas últimas décadas. Entretanto, doenças metabólicas têm se tornado um sério entrave para a sanidade dos bovinos no período de transição, com destaque para a hipocalcemia pela importância do cálcio como componente do leite. Dessa forma, essa revisão tem como objetivo abordar a relação do cálcio com a imunidade e suas implicações quando ocorre a redução das suas concentrações sanguíneas no periparto. O conhecimento dessa relação pode propiciar ao clínico suspeitar que a hipocalcemia subclínica tanto pode estar presente no rebanho quanto ser a origem das doenças presentes no periparto.
„Prikeltų mirusiųjų“ motyvas trauminėse Gintaro Grajausko ir José Sanchiso Sinisterra’os dramose
Authors: Pilipaitytė Gerda
Published: August 2024

Tekstai, parašyti jau pasibaigus ideologiniams režimams, leidžia pažvelgti į tai, kaip šiuolaikinėje literatūroje perteikiamos sudėtingos praeities patirtys ir parodo jų poveikį kultūrai. Dramaturgija yra itin tinkama kultūrinės traumos naratyvui plėtoti literatūros rūšis, nes vaizduojama trauma visada siejama su dabarties aktualijomis. Dramoms, kaip ir kitiems trauminiams tekstams, būdingi tam tikri motyvai atitinkamai traumai perteikti. Vienas iš tokių motyvų prikelti mirusieji yra nagrinėjamas šiame straipsnyje, lyginant šiuolaikines lietuvių ir ispanų dramas, kuriose atsiskleidžia komunistinio ir fašistinio režimo sukeltos traumos. Komparatyvistinis tyrimas suteikia galimybę išryškinti komunizmo ideologijos paveiktos kultūros apraiškas literatūroje ir nustatyti, kas būdinga posovietiniams ir pofrankistiniams tekstams, o kas europinei trauminei dramai apskritai. Šiuo konkrečiu atveju pastebėta, kad prikeltų mirusiųjų motyvas būdingas tiek lietuvių, tiek ispanų dramoms, o jo panaudojimas suteikia daugiau dramatizmo, leidžia palyginti praeitį su dabartimi ir gali būti žlugimo metafora.
Apie miesto mugės patalpose įsikūrusį Ukrainos karo pabėgėlių atvykimo centrą ir pabėgėlius iš jo tarnautojo perspektyvos
Authors: Gajauskas Auridas
Published: August 2024

Šis straipsnis skirtas kritiškai apžvelgti Ukrainos karo pabėgėlių atvykimo centro, įsikūrusio Dresdeno miesto pagrindinėje parodų erdvėje „Messe Dresden“ 2022 metų pavasarį ir vasarą, struktūrą ir veiklą iš jo tarnautojo perspektyvos. Straipsnyje pirmiausia sutelkiamas dėmesys į pastato istoriją ir jo vietą mieste, tada apibūdinama jo infrastruktūra ir bendriausi veikimo bruožai. Nors miesto valdžios atstovai pabėgėlių centrą traktavo kaip trumpalaikę galimybę apsistoti, daugelis čia gyveno ilgiau kaip tris mėnesius. Tai prisidėjo prie pabėgėlių gyvenimo kokybės, o patį centrą straipsnyje paskatino traktuoti daugiaprasmiškai, kaip „stovyklą“. Straipsnyje gilinamasi į vaikų ir kitų pabėgėlių bei „stovyklos“ darbuotojų santykius, apžvelgiamos struktūrinio smurto, daugiakultūriškumo ideologijos ribų raiškos tendencijos. Trumpai reflektuojamas atvykimo centro steigėjos, organizacijos „Johanniter Unfall Hilfe“ santykis su praktinėmis stovyklos veikimo gerinimo galimybėmis.
Literatūra karo laike: Vinco Mykolaičio-Putino poezijos rinkinys „Rūsčios dienos“ ir „Dienoraštis“ (1938–1945)
Authors: Mykolaitytė Aurelija
Published: August 2024

Šiame straipsnyje analizuojama Vinco Mykolaičio-Putino kūryba, rašyta Antrojo pasaulinio karo metais. Tiek dienoraštyje, tiek eilėraščiuose akcentuojama karo destrukcija, neretai ieškoma analogijų su Paskutiniu teismu. Kaip alternatyva iškeliami žmogiškieji ryšiai, kūrybinė būtis ir tikėjimas laisve, pasitikėjimas savo tauta. Šią poeto kūrybą galima vadinti rezistencine, ja siekta paliudyti kančią priespaudos akivaizdoje ir ginti žmogiškąjį orumą. Rašytojas labiausiai smerkia žmogų pavergiančias ideologijas, parodo žmonijos degradavimą. Mykolaitis-Putinas visiškai išvengė karo estetizacijos, nekūrė herojystės mito, bet stengėsi išlikti morališkai atsakingas ir kritiškai vertino tikrovę.
Du balsai. Gyvenimo pasakojimai ir jų moksliniai perpasakojimai
Authors: Jonutytė Jurga
Published: August 2024

Šiame socialinę filosofiją ir sakytinių pasakojimų tyrimo metodologiją siejančiame tekste pirmiausia keliu klausimą apie svarbų tokio kiekvieno tyrimo aspektą: sakytinių gyvenimo pasakojimų perpasakojimo etiką, su kuria susiduriama pateikiant tyrimo rezultatus, formuluojant mokslines išvadas. Straipsnyje aptariami ne teisiniai tyrimo etikos aspektai, o epistemologinės tyrimo metodologijos prielaidos, konkrečiai – pabrėžiant dvi labai svarbias: į normatyvinį kontekstą nukreipto atpažinimo ir pripažinimo problematiką (kurią pagal klasikinę Georgo Hegelio sampratą išplėtojo Axelis Honneth’as ir Judith Butler) bei naratyvinio nesąmoningumo sferos dalyvavimą pasakojimo (lygiai tiek, kiek ir mokslinio perpasakojimo) veiksme (naratyvinio nesąmoningumo sferos analizė remiasi Louis Althussero, Fredrico Jamesono, Marko Freemano ir Hannos Meretojos tekstais). Straipsnyje teigiama, kad kito žmogaus gyvenimo pasakojimo perpasakojimas gali būti etiškai atliktas tik taikant analizę, atskiriančią pasakotojo ir perpasakotojo (tyrėjo) normatyvinius kontekstus, naratyvinei nesąmoningumo sferai priklausančius elementus, ir taip suvokiant perpasakojime dalyvaujančius du atskirus balsus: pasakotojo ir tyrėjo. Jeigu tokia analizė neatlikta, tuomet perpasakotojas nejučia sudėlioja savo interpretacijos akcentus taip, kad tai bus jo paties, o ne savo gyvenimą pasakojusio žmogaus balsas ir pozicija.
Revenge, the core notion underlying relations between indigenous hunters-herders and predators on the Yakutia taiga
Authors: Jefanovas Aivaras
Published: August 2024

This article considers the notion of revenge as an agency of wolves, bears and the master-spirits in the animistic worldview of indigenous Eveny and Sakha hunters and the reindeer herders of the Eveno-Bytantaiskii and Tomponskii ulusy (districts) of North Yakutia. Predators are perceived by hunters and herders as conscious non-human beings that can enter into relations with humans on a reciprocal basis. The possibility that predators may carry out revenge on people can be perceived as showing that there are similarities between humans and non-human predators. This article shows how the notions of reciprocity, similarity and relational symmetry between people and predators are reflected in the narratives and hunting rituals of indigenous hunters and herders. As comparative examples, the blood feud customs that earlier existed among the Tungus, Sakha people and Chukchee clans are also considered here. Although these customs no longer exist in the contemporary societies of the indigenous people of Yakutia, the notions underlying them very much reflect the human-predator relations on the taiga today.
Comparison between solvent evaporation and supercritical CO2 technology in taste-masking of Azithromycin bitter-taste using pH-sensitive Eudragit EPO or Eudragit S100 polymers
Authors: Mashaqbeh Hadeia , Obaidat Rana , Alsmadi Mo’tasem M. , Athamneh Tamara
Published: August 2024

Despite the broad spectrum of the antibiotic Azithromycin, its extremely bitter taste after oral dosing decreases patient compliance. This bitter taste can be masked by minimizing Azithromycin interaction with the tasting buds using polymers that are insoluble at salivary pH (6.8–7.4), like the cationic polymers Eudragit EPO and Eudragit S100. The purpose of this study was to employ two different techniques (solvent evaporation (SE) and supercritical fluid technology (SFT)) for encapsulating Azithromycin into Eudragit microparticles to mask its bitter taste. The formulations were characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR(, powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Also, the Azithromycin in vitro release and in vivo assessment of bitter taste masking were conducted. The present work showed promising results in veiling the bitter taste of Azithromycin. Taste panel scores for the in vivo clinical taste study of the formulation prepared using SE was 0.3 after 30 seconds compared to Azithromycin, resulting in a score of 3 owing to its palpable bitter taste. Whereas drug-Eudragit EPO showed no interaction, FTIR results indicated azithromycin interaction with Eudragit S100. The formulation prepared by the SE method and Eudragit EPO showed efficient taste masking, within-matrix encapsulation, lower drug release in simulated salivary fluid (SSF, <2% released over 60 seconds), and loss of Azithromycin’s crystallinity. On the contrary, SFT had higher encapsulation efficiency (91%) but faster in vitro release (6% released over 60 seconds). Thus, SE was better than SFT in Azithromycin taste masking using Eudragit EPO.
Anti-oxidative constituents of Musa balbisiana Colla fruit extract and evaluation of hepatoprotective activity in CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity in Swiss albino mice
Authors: Baruah Nabanita , Das Madhubanti , Saikia Kandarpa Kumar , Kalita Jogen Chandra
Published: August 2024

Carbon tetrachloride is employed to induce hepatotoxicity in experimental animals to mimic oxidative stress caused by several factors in humans and impair liver functions and lead to hepatic damage. Fruits of Musa balbisiana Colla are rich in bioactive compounds and hold therapeutic and nutritional worth. This current study aims to explore the phytochemical constituents, antioxidant effects, and hepatoprotective activity of a methanolic extract derived from the unripe fruit pulp of M. balbisiana Colla via phytochemical screening, evaluation of antioxidant activity, in vivo experiments in Swiss albino mice through monitoring of the body and the liver weight, estimation of hepatic biomarkers, enzymes, malondialdehyde (MDA), and cytokines along with immunohistochemical and histopathological study. The methanolic fruit extract administration minimized hepatic biomarker and MDA levels along with the cytokines and also elevated superoxide dismutase, catalase, plus glutathione content compared to the hepatotoxic group (p < 0.05). Immunohistochemical findings and histopathological examinations of the liver tissues from methanolic extract-treated mice displayed the down regulation of transforming growth factor beta in hepatic parenchymal tissues and re-establishment of standard structural attributes of hepatic tissue. The outcomes of our research illustrate that the methanolic fruit extract of M. balbisiana Colla administration assists in hepatotoxicity attenuation.
Contrasting responses to aridity by different-sized decomposers cause similar decomposition rates across a precipitation gradient
Authors: Torsekar Viraj R , Sagi Nevo , Daniel J Alfred , Hawlena Yael , Gavish-Regev Efrat , Hawlena Dror
Published: August 2024

Litter decomposition is expected to be positively associated with precipitation despite evidence that decomposers of varying sizes have different moisture dependencies. We hypothesized that higher tolerance of macro-decomposers to aridity may counterbalance the effect of smaller decomposers, leading to similar decomposition rates across climatic gradients. We tested this hypothesis by placing plant litter baskets of different mesh sizes in seven sites along a sharp precipitation gradient, and by characterizing the macro-decomposer assemblages using pitfall trapping. We found that decomposers responded differently to precipitation levels based on their size. Microbial decomposition increased with precipitation in the winter while macro-decomposition peaked in arid sites during the summer. This led to similar overall decomposition rates across the gradient except in hyper-arid sites. Macro-decomposer richness, abundance and biomass peaked in arid environments. Our findings highlight the importance of macro-decomposition in arid-lands, possibly resolving the dryland decomposition conundrum, and emphasizing the need to contemplate decomposer size when investigating zoogeochemical processes.
Architecture of genome-wide transcriptional regulatory network reveals dynamic functions and evolutionary trajectories in Pseudomonas syringae
Authors: Sun Yue , Li Jingwei , Huang Jiadai , Li Shumin , Li Youyue , Lu Beifang , Deng Xin
Published: August 2024

The model Gram-negative plant pathogen
Pseudomonas syringae
utilises hundreds of transcription factors (TFs) to regulate its functional processes, including virulence and metabolic pathways that control its ability to infect host plants. Although the molecular mechanisms of regulators have been studied for decades, a comprehensive understanding of genome-wide TFs in
Psph
1448A remains limited. Here, we investigated the binding characteristics of 170 of 301 annotated TFs through ChIP-seq. Fifty-four TFs, 62 TFs and 147 TFs were identified in top-level, middle-level and bottom-level, reflecting multiple higher-order network structures and direction of information-flow. More than forty thousand TF-pairs were classified into 13 three-node submodules which revealed the regulatory diversity of TFs in
Psph
1448A regulatory network. We found that bottom-level TFs performed high co-associated scores to their target genes. Functional categories of TFs at three levels encompassed various regulatory pathways. Three and 25 master TFs were identified to involve in virulence and metabolic regulation, respectively. Evolutionary analysis and topological modularity network revealed functional variability and various conservation of TFs in
P. syringae
(
Psph
1448A,
Pst
DC3000,
Pss
B728a and
Psa
C48). Overall, our findings demonstrated the global transcriptional regulatory network of genome-wide TFs in
Psph
1448A. This knowledge can advance the development of effective treatment and prevention strategies for related infectious diseases.
Target-specific requirements for RNA interference can arise through restricted RNA amplification despite the lack of specialized pathways
Authors: Knudsen-Palmer Daphne R , Raman Pravrutha , Ettefa Farida , De Ravin Laura , Jose Antony M
Published: August 2024

Since double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) is effective for silencing a wide variety of genes, all genes are typically considered equivalent targets for such RNA interference (RNAi). Yet, loss of some regulators of RNAi in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans can selectively impair the silencing of some genes. Here, we show that such selective requirements can be explained by an intersecting network of regulators acting on genes with differences in their RNA metabolism. In this network, the Maelstrom domain-containing protein RDE-10, the intrinsically disordered protein MUT-16, and the Argonaute protein NRDE-3 work together so that any two are required for silencing one somatic gene, but each is singly required for silencing another somatic gene, where only the requirement for NRDE-3 can be overcome by enhanced dsRNA processing. Quantitative models and their exploratory simulations led us to find that (1) changing cis-regulatory elements of the target gene can reduce the dependence on NRDE-3, (2) animals can recover from silencing in non-dividing cells, and (3) cleavage and tailing of mRNAs with UG dinucleotides, which makes them templates for amplifying small RNAs, are enriched within ‘pUG zones’ matching the dsRNA. Similar crosstalk between pathways and restricted amplification could result in apparently selective silencing by endogenous RNAs.
Cone bipolar cell synapses generate transient versus sustained signals in parallel ON pathways of the mouse retina
Authors: Kuo Sidney P , Yu Wan-Qing , Srivastava Prerna , Okawa Haruhisa , Santina Luca Della , Berson David M , Awatramani Gautam B , Wong Rachel OL , Rieke Fred
Published: August 2024

Parallel processing is a fundamental organizing principle in the nervous system, and understanding how parallel neural circuits generate distinct outputs from common inputs is a key goal of neuroscience. In the mammalian retina, divergence of cone signals into multiple feed-forward bipolar cell pathways forms the initial basis for parallel retinal circuits dedicated to specific visual functions. Here, we used patch-clamp electrophysiology, electron microscopy and two photon imaging of a fluorescent glutamate sensor to examine how kinetically distinct responses arise in transient versus sustained ON alpha RGCs (ON-T and ON-S RGCs) of the mouse retina. We directly compared the visual response properties of these RGCs with their presynaptic bipolar cell partners, which we identified using 3D electron microscopy reconstruction. Different ON bipolar cell subtypes (type 5i, type 6 and type 7) had indistinguishable light-driven responses whereas extracellular glutamate signals around RGC dendrites and postsynaptic excitatory currents measured in ON-T and ON-S RGCs in response to the identical stimuli used to probe bipolar cells were kinetically distinct. Anatomical examination of the bipolar cell axon terminals presynaptic to ON-T and ON-S RGCs suggests bipolar subtype-specific differences in the size of synaptic ribbon-associated vesicle pools may contribute to transient versus sustained kinetics. Our findings indicate bipolar cell synapses are a primary point of divergence in kinetically distinct visual pathways.