bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Technology business incubation for start-up generation
Authors: Mungila Hillemane Bala Subrahmanya , Satyanarayana Krishna , Chandrashekar Deepak
Published: August 2019

Purpose

Technology business incubators (TBIs) form an indispensable part of an entrepreneurial ecosystem for the promotion of tech start-ups across the global economy. However, they have evolved in varied forms over a period of time, in terms of typologies, sponsors and stakeholders, goals and objectives, functions and services offered, process of incubation support provided through hard and soft infrastructure, outcomes and achievements and even in terms of theoretical bases. The purpose of this paper, therefore, is to review the extant literature on TBIs to arrive at a framework that explains how TBIs contribute to start-up generation.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper reviews extant empirical literature for a systematic evaluation to throw light on the various dimensions of TBIs: typology, goals and objectives, functions and services, process and provision of incubation support, outcomes and achievements. Further, after critically reviewing some of the theoretical propositions, it develops a conceptual framework combining pre-incubation, incubation and post-incubation processes of TBIs.

Findings

Based on literature understanding and some of the key theoretical constructs, a conceptual framework is developed comprising pre-incubation, incubation and post-incubation stages of start-up formation and graduation. The paper also identifies some prospective areas for future research.

Research limitations/implications

Any empirical research on technology business incubation must focus on pre-incubation and post-incubation processes as much as on the incubation process, to derive meaningful implications and enhance the productivity of TBIs.

Originality/value

The conceptual framework derived out of the systematic literature review will enable further research and exploration of micro-aspects of pre-incubation, incubation and post-incubation phases across multiple dimensions.
Moving beyond the first response phenomenon
Authors: Malm Camilla , Andersson Stefan , Jönson Håkan , Magnusson Lennart , Hanson Elizabeth
Published: August 2019

Purpose

In Sweden, the care of older people and people with disabilities is increasingly carried out by informal carers, often family members, who are unpaid and outside a professional or formal framework. While there is an increasing awareness of the role of carers within service systems and their own needs for support, their involvement in research is underexplored. The purpose of this paper is to explore carers’ views and experiences of involvement in research and development (R&D) work.

Design/methodology/approach

A qualitative study was conducted, consisting of 12 individual interviews with carers from different local Swedish carer organizations.

Findings

Core findings included carers’ discussions of the perceived challenges and benefits of their involvement in research, both generally and more specifically, in the context of their involvement in the development of a national carer strategy.

Research limitations/implications

Limitations included the relative lack of male carer participants and the convenience sample.

Practical implications

Authentic carer involvement in research demands a high level of engagement from researchers during the entire research process. The provided CRAC framework, with reference to the themes community, reciprocity, advocacy and circumstantiality, may help researchers to understand and interpret carer involvement in research and provide the prerequisites for their involvement.

Originality/value

There is a dearth of studies that systematically examine carer involvement in research. This paper attempts to redress this gap by providing a nuanced analysis of carer involvement in R&D work from the perspective of carers themselves.
Does abusive supervision always promote employees to hide knowledge? From both reactance and COR perspectives
Authors: Feng Jiaojiao , Wang Changyu
Published: August 2019

Purpose

Knowledge hiding as an important topic in knowledge management field might be triggered by abusive supervision, but few studies discussed how to alleviate the effect of abusive supervision on knowledge hiding. Drawing on both reactance theory and conservation of resources (COR) theory, this study aims to build a moderated mediation framework to examine effects of abusive supervision on knowledge hiding via job insecurity and under moderation of motivational climate (including mastery climate and performance climate).

Design/methodology/approach

The paper uses a two-wave survey study among 155 knowledge workers from educational and manufacturing industries.

Findings

Results show that abusive supervision is not significantly related to knowledge hiding directly but indirectly via job insecurity. Abusive supervision’s interaction with mastery climate is negatively related to knowledge hiding, but its interaction with performance climate is positively related to knowledge hiding. The indirect relation of abusive supervision to knowledge hiding via job insecurity is significantly moderated by mastery climate but not by performance climate.

Research limitations/implications

Despite contributions, this study also has some limitations. Variables rated from the same source (i.e. employees) may have common method bias although the two-wave design does help alleviate this concern.

Practical implications

The paper highlights important reasons why people hide knowledge at work (because of abusive supervision and job insecurity) and identifies a boundary condition (mastery climate) which will reduce abusive supervision’s influence on knowledge hiding.

Originality/value

This paper contributes to knowledge hiding literature which is an important part of knowledge management from the perspective of abusive supervision based on both reactance theory and COR theory.
A 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaryl‐CoA synthase‐based probe for the discovery of the acyltransferase‐less type I polyketide synthases
Authors: Liang Haoyu , Jiang Lin , Jiang Qiyun , Shi Jie , Xiang Jingxi , Yan Xiaohui , Zhu Xiangcheng , Zhao Lixing , Shen Ben , Duan Yanwen , Huang Yong
Published: August 2019

Acyltransferase (AT)‐less type I polyketide synthases (PKSs) produce complex natural products due to the presence of many unique tailoring enzymes. The 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaryl coenzyme A synthases (HCSs) are responsible for β‐alkylation of the growing polyketide intermediates in AT‐less type I PKSs. In this study, we discovered a large group of HCSs, closely associated with the characterized and orphan AT‐less type I PKSs through in silico genome mining, sequence and genome neighbourhood network analyses. Using HCS‐based probes, the survey of 1207 in‐house strains and 18 soil samples from different geographic locations revealed the vast diversity of HCS‐containing AT‐less type I PKSs. The presence of HCSs in many AT‐less type I PKSs suggests their co‐evolutionary relationship. This study provides a new probe to study the abundance and diversity of AT‐less type I PKSs in the environment and microbial strain collections. Our study should inspire future efforts to discover new polyketide natural products from AT‐less type I PKSs.
Indigenous sovereignties: relational ontologies and environmental management
Authors: Muller Samantha , Hemming Steve , Rigney Daryle
Published: August 2019

Indigenous nations have always and continue to assert their sovereignties to resist colonialism. This paper makes explicit the ways in which environmental management has been and continues to act as a tool of colonialism, particularly by privileging Western science, institutions, and administrative procedures. We argue that to decolonise environmental management, it is crucial to understand and challenge the power relations that underlie it—asking who makes decisions and on what worldview those decisions are based. Indigenous ways of being deeply challenge the foundations of environmental management and the colonising power structures that underlie it, and invite further thought about posthuman and relational ontologies. We provide a range of case studies that showcase the role of Indigenous nations in redefining and reimagining environmental management based on Indigenous sovereignties, knowledges, and ways of being. The case studies emphasise the crucial connection between Indigenous decision‐making authority and self‐governance for the enhanced protection and health of the environment. We argue that Indigenous agency, grounded in Indigenous governance and sovereignties, is driving innovation and decolonising environmental management by making space for new ways of thinking and being “in place”.
A case of bilateral pelvic kidneys
Authors: Knipe Henry C
Published: August 2019

A rare case of bilateral pelvic kidneys detected incidentally on computed tomography.
Citizenship as Sovereign Wealth: Re‐thinking Investor Immigration
Authors: Gamlen Alan , Kutarna Chris , Monk Ashby
Published: August 2019

Selling membership into society has taken on new life with the recent proliferation globally of Immigrant Investor Programs (IIPs). IIPs involve the sale of national membership privileges to wealthy foreigners, justified by their purported ability to stimulate economic development and attract engaged investor‐migrants. This paper surveys IIP objectives, activities and performance. We argue that IIP success may depend upon the coming‐together of expertise from two domains – migration policy and investment management, and that the latter may offer a means of legitimizing the former. Drawing some insights from the emerging community of Sovereign Development Funds (SDFs), we propose a set of principles that could guide the emergence of a new type of SDF: Immigrant Investment Funds (IIFs).
Duration of critically low oxygen delivery is associated with acute kidney injury after cardiac surgery
Authors: Rasmussen Sebastian R. , Kandler Kristian , Nielsen Rikke V. , Cornelius Jakobsen Peter , Knudsen Nikoline N. , Ranucci Marco , Christian Nilsson Jens , Ravn Hanne B.
Published: August 2019

Background

Acute kidney injury is a serious complication following cardiac surgery associated with mortality. Restricted oxygen delivery is a potential risk factor for acute kidney injury. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of the duration of low oxygen delivery (<272 mL min−1 m−2), during cardiopulmonary bypass on kidney function.

Methods

Patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery ± valve repair were included n = 1968. Oxygen delivery was monitored during cardiopulmonary bypass. Data were explored using multiple regression analyses regarding association between low oxygen delivery and renal replacement therapy (RRT), acute kidney injury (AKI) and post‐operative peak serum creatinine (PPSC).

Results

Post‐operative peak serum creatinine, incidence of acute kidney injury, and need for dialysis increased in a dose‐dependent manner in relation to duration of a mean oxygen delivery <272 mL min−1 m−2. Using multiple regression analyses, only exposure for at least 30 minutes was independently associated with increased PPSC and AKI. In contrast, both short (1‐5 min, OR: 2.58 [1.20, 5.54]; P = .015) and at least 30‐minute (OR: 2.85 [1.27‐6.41]; P = .011) exposure to low DO2 were both independently associated with the need for RRT.

Conclusion

A low oxygen delivery during cardiopulmonary bypass was in a dose‐dependent manner associated with an increased risk of renal injury.
Checklists in pre‐hospital advanced airway management
Authors: Klingberg Cecilia , Kornhall Daniel , Gryth Dan , Krüger Andreas J. , Lossius Hans Morten , Gellerfors Mikael
Published: August 2019

Background

In pre‐hospital care, pre‐intubation checklists (PICL) are widely implemented as a safety measure and guidelines support their use. However, the true value of PICL among experienced airway providers is unknown. This study aims to explore possible benefits and disadvantages of PICL in the pre‐hospital setting.

Methods

We performed a subgroup analysis of a prospective, observational, multicentre study on pre‐hospital advanced airway management in the Nordic countries between May 2015 and November 2016. The original trial was designed to investigate the success rates of pre‐hospital tracheal intubations and the incidence of complications. Our study limited inclusion to drug assisted intubations performed by anaesthesiologists. Intubation success rates and complication rates were plotted against checklist use.

Results

We analyzed 588 pre‐hospital intubations for medical and traumatic emergencies. Overall, checklists were used in 60.5% of instances. Applying checklists was associated with increased success at first and second intubation attempts. There was no significant difference in the overall success rates (99.4% and 99.1%). Oesophageal misplacement was more common in the No‐PICL group (2.2% vs 0.3%) but otherwise the incidence of airway related complications did not differ between the groups. Scene time was significantly shorter in the No‐PICL group (23.6 vs 27.5 minutes).

Conclusion

In this retrospective study, checklist use correlated with fewer attempts at intubation when securing the airway. Despite this, we found no association between checklist use and the overall TI success rate or the incidence of serious adverse events. Scene times were shorter without PICL.
Patient‐controlled sedation with propofol for endoscopic procedures—A cost analysis
Authors: Grossmann Benjamin , Nilsson Andreas , Sjöberg Folke , Bernfort Lars , Nilsson Lena
Published: August 2019

Background

Patient‐controlled sedation (PCS) with propofol accompanied by a bedside nurse anaesthetist is an alternative sedation method for endoscopic procedures compared with midazolam administered by a nurse or endoscopist. Increasing costs in health care demands an economic perspective when introducing alternative methods. We applied a hospital perspective on a cost analysis comparing different methods of sedation and the resource use that were expected to affect cost differences related to the sedation.

Methods

Based on two randomised previous studies, the direct costs were determined for different sedation methods during two advanced endoscopic procedures: endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and flexible bronchoscopy including endobronchial ultrasound. ERCP comparisons were made between midazolam sedation by the endoscopic team, PCS with a bedside nurse anaesthetist and propofol sedation administered by a nurse anaesthetist. Bronchoscopy comparisons were made between midazolam sedation by the endoscopic team and PCS with a bedside nurse anaesthetist, categorised by premedication morphine‐scopolamine or glycopyrronium.

Results

Propofol PCS with a bedside nurse anaesthetist resulted in lower costs per patient for sedation for both ERCP (233 USD) and bronchoscopy (premedication morphine‐scopolamine 267 USD, premedication glycopyrronium 269 USD) compared with midazolam (ERCP 425 USD, bronchoscopy 337 USD). Aborted procedures that needed to be repeated and prolonged hospital stays significantly increased the cost for the midazolam groups.

Conclusion

Propofol PCS with a bedside nurse anaesthetist reduces the direct sedation costs for ERCP and bronchoscopy procedures compared with midazolam sedation.
Inequity in physiotherapeutic interventions for children with Cerebral Palsy in Sweden—A national registry study
Authors: Degerstedt Frida , Enberg Birgit , Keisu Britt‐Inger , Björklund Martin
Published: August 2019

Aim

The aim of this study was to investigate the distribution of physiotherapeutic interventions for children with Cerebral Palsy in Sweden from an equity perspective, considering sex, country of birth and geographical region.

Method

This national cross‐sectional registry study includes children with Cerebral Palsy aged 0‐18 years who participated in 2015 in the Swedish national quality registry, the Cerebral Palsy follow‐up programme, CPUP. Comparisons and associations between physiotherapeutic interventions and sex, country of birth and geographical regions were conducted using chi‐square and logistic regression analysis, controlling for cognitive level, level of motor function, age group and dominating symptom.

Results

Of the 2855 participants, 2201 (79%) had received physiotherapy. Children born in Sweden had 1.60 times higher odds (95% CI 1.10‐2.33) of receiving physiotherapy compared with children born in foreign countries. Distribution of physiotherapeutic interventions differed significantly between geographical regions. No associations between sex and physiotherapeutic interventions were observed.

Conclusion

The results of this study indicate inequity in care in Sweden towards children with Cerebral Palsy born in other counties. Further, physiotherapeutic interventions were not equally distributed in different geographical regions of Sweden. Knowledge of inequity is crucial in order to address the problem.
Household Property Rights Formation in Rural China: Farmers' Preference, Transaction Cost and the Efficiency Hypothesis
Authors: Che Yi , Fan Zuojun , Zhang Yan
Published: August 2019

This paper examines the effects of farmers' preference, transaction cost and household productivity on land reallocation in rural China. Empirical results from a sample of 2102 households show that farmers' preference has no effect on land reallocation. The transaction cost has negative effects on partial‐scale land reallocation but has no effect on full‐scale land reallocation. Interestingly, highly productive and unproductive households receive more partial‐scale land reallocation than households with a median level of productivity, supporting the efficiency hypothesis (Brandt et al., 2004).
Influences of different Fe sources on Fe bioavailability and homeostasis in SD rats
Authors: Lin Yu , Shu Xugang , Fu Zhihuan , Hu Hongchao , Wang Wen-Xiong , Gong Sheng
Published: August 2019

The purpose of this study was to determine whether the enteric coating process affects growth performance, Fe bioavailability, and gene expression levels that maintain iron balance in the body. The test was divided into the control group, ferrous sulfate group, ferrous fumarate group, ferrous glycine chelate(1:1) (Fe‐Gly(1:1)) group, ferrous glycine chelate(2:1) (Fe‐Gly(2:1)) group, enteric‐coated Fe‐Gly(1:1) group, and enteric‐coated Fe‐Gly(2:1) group. The results showed that the growth performance of the rats in each iron supplement group was no significant difference among them. The results of serum biochemical indicators showed that the antioxidant capacity of the rats in the iron supplement group after enteric coating increased. The iron supplementation effect of Fe‐Gly(1:1) and Fe‐Gly(2:1) was better than that of ferrous sulfate, and the effect of Fe‐Gly(1:1) after enteric coating was enhanced. The expression levels of IRP1 and IRP2 in the genes of enteric‐coated Fe‐Gly(1:1) and enteric‐coated Fe‐Gly(2:1) were significantly higher than those of ferrous sulfate. The expression levels of IRP1 and IRP2 in the protein of enteric‐coated Fe‐Gly(1:1) group were significantly higher than those in the Fe‐Gly(1:1) group. The above results show that Fe‐Gly can improve the bioavailability and antioxidant capacity of iron and reduce the iron output of feces after enteric coating.
Defining a national reference level for intraoperative radiation exposure in urological procedures: FLASH, a retrospective multicentre UK study
Authors: Simson Nick , Stonier Thomas , Suleyman Narin , Hendry Jane , Salib Miriam , Peacock Julian , Connor Martin , Jones Oliver , Schuster‐Bruce James , Bottrell Oliver , Lovegrove Catherine , English Louise , Hamami Heba , Horn Charles , Bagley Joseph , Bareh Abdurahman , Jaikaransingh Dominic , Mohamed Nusrat , Ukwu Uchenna , Shanmugathas Nimlan , Batura Deepak , McDonald Jean , Charitopoulos Konstantinos , Graham Alison , Zakikhani Paimaun , Taneja Sanjeev , Sells Henry , Bolgeri Marco , Wiseman Oliver , Bycroft John , Qteishat Ahmed , Aboumarzouk Omar
Published: August 2019

Objectives

To define reference levels for intraoperative radiation during stent insertion, ureteroscopy (URS), and percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL); to identify variation in radiation exposure between individual hospitals across the UK, between low‐ and high‐volume PCNL centres, and between grade of lead surgeon.

Patients/Subjects and Methods

In all, 3651 patients were identified retrospectively across 12 UK hospitals over a 1‐year period.

Radiation exposure was defined in terms of total fluoroscopy time (FT) and dose area product (DAP). The 75th percentiles of median values for each hospital were used to define reference levels for each procedure.

Results

Reference levels: ureteric stent insertion/replacement (DAP, 2.3 Gy/cm2; FT, 49 s); URS (DAP, 2.8 Gy/cm2; FT, 57 s); PCNL (DAP, 24.1 Gy/cm2; FT, 431 s).

Significant variations in the median DAP and FT were identified between individual centres for all procedures (P < 0.001).

For PCNL, there was a statistically significant difference between DAP for low‐ (<50 cases/annum) and high‐volume centres (>50 cases/annum), at a median DAP of 15.0 Gy/cm2 vs 4.2 Gy/cm2 (P < 0.001).

For stent procedures, the median DAP and FT differed significantly between grade of lead surgeon: Consultant (DAP, 2.17 Gy/cm2; FT, 41 s) vs Registrar (DAP, 1.38 Gy/cm2; FT, 26 s; P < 0.001).

Conclusion

This multicentre study is the largest of its kind. It provides the first national reference level to guide fluoroscopy use in urological procedures, thereby adding a quantitative and objective value to complement the principles of keeping radiation exposure ‘as low as reasonably achievable’. This snapshot of real‐time data shows significant variation around the country, as well as significant differences between low‐ and high‐volume centres for PCNL, and grade of lead surgeon for stent procedures.
Black Homebuying after the Crisis: Appreciation Patterns in Fifteen Large Metropolitan Areas
Authors: Immergluck Dan , Earl Stephanie , Powell Allison
Published: August 2019

Some have questioned the financial wisdom of homeownership and, especially, Black homeownership. This is understandable because the mortgage crisis dealt heavy blows to Black homeowners. One concern is that home values may not appreciate as much where Blacks purchase homes. We examine how Black homebuyers fared compared to White and Latino buyers in terms of home appreciation during the 2012 to 2017 recovery. We examine appreciation rates by race and ethnicity across 15 metros. We then estimate the relationship between appreciation and the race and ethnicity of the homebuyer, as well as characteristics of the neighborhood where the home is purchased. We find Blacks saw higher appreciation rates than Whites in high– and medium–appreciation metros, but not in low–appreciation metros. We also find that in medium– and high–appreciation metros, buyers in racially diverse neighborhoods tended to see higher levels of appreciation. Also in higher–appreciation metros, those buying in lower–income neighborhoods tended to see higher appreciation rates, while those in low–appreciation metros did not.
Membrane attack complex (C5b‐9 complex or Mac), is strongly present in lesional skin from patients with endemic pemphigus foliaceus in El Bagre, Colombia
Authors: Abreu‐Velez Ana Maria , Upegui‐Zapata Yulieth A. , Valencia‐Yepes Carlos A. , Upegui‐Quiceno Eduardo , Mesa‐Herrera Natalia‐Regina , Jiménez‐Echavarria Alejandra M. , Pulido César D. N. , Smoller Bruce R. , Howard Michael S.
Published: August 2019

Background

El Bagre endemic pemphigus foliaceus (El Bagre‐EPF) is a new variant of endemic pemphigus foliaceus present in the El Bagre area of Colombia, South America. Here, we investigate the presence of complement/C5‐b9 in lesional skin of patients and matched controls from the endemic area. We also aim to compare the patient's autoantibody levels using indirect immunofluorescent titers (IIF) and correlate with the lesional presence of complement/C5b‐9.

Methods

A case‐control study was carried out by testing for the presence of complement/C5b‐9 in lesional skin in 43 patients affected by El Bagre‐EPF, as well as 43 matched, healthy controls from the endemic area. Skin biopsies were obtained and evaluated via hematoxylin and eosin staining, and immunohistochemistry.

Results

The presence of complement/C5b‐9 was observed in all cases of the patients affected by El Bagre‐EPF and was not observed in the controls from the endemic area (P < 0.001). The patients' autoantibody titers utilizing IIF for IgG and IgM showed correlation between higher autoantibody titers and stronger intensity of staining with complement/C5‐b9 staining (P < 0.001).

Conclusion

Patients affected by El Bagre‐EPF have lesional deposition of complement/C5b, which correlates with disease severity and previously established serologies.
Granulomatous/sarcoid‐like reactions in the setting of programmed cell death‐1 inhibition: a potential mimic of disease recurrence
Authors: Hiraki Tsubasa , Hatanaka Miho , Arimura Akiko , Kawahira Hisao , Kirishima Mari , Kitazono Ikumi , Horinouchi Michiko , Higashi Michiyo , Kanekura Takuro , Tanimoto Akihide
Published: August 2019

Nivolumab and pembrolizumab are humanized IgG4 monoclonal antibodies against programmed cell death 1 (PD‐1). Although these agents are effective in treating advanced melanoma, non‐small‐cell lung carcinoma, and other types of cancers, various adverse events have been reported. Cutaneous adverse events are particularly prevalent and, while granulomatous/sarcoid‐like reactions are uncommon, they are increasingly recognized as immune‐related adverse events associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors. Herein, we report two cases of granulomatous/sarcoid‐like reaction with foreign material, mimicking metastatic malignancy after PD‐1 inhibitor treatment. Clinicians should be aware of the existence of cutaneous lesions and perform biopsy if needed to prevent misdiagnosis and unnecessary adjustments to immunotherapy.
Optimistisch verzerrte Wahrnehmung des eigenen Hautkrebsrisikos: Ergebnisse einer repräsentativen nationalen Erhebung
Authors: Diehl Katharina , Görig Tatiana , Osenbrügge Nina , Schilling Laura , Greinert Rüdiger , Schneider Sven
Published: August 2019

Hintergrund

Die internationale Forschung hat gezeigt, dass Personen dazu neigen, sich selbst als weniger anfällig für Krankheiten und gesundheitliche Folgen von Risikoverhalten zu sehen als andere Vergleichspersonen. Unser Ziel war es, diesen Effekt, bekannt als unrealistischer komparativer Optimismus (UKO), in Bezug auf Hautkrebs erstmals in einer bundesweit repräsentativen Stichprobe zu untersuchen. Die Ergebnisse sind von Relevanz für die Planung zukünftiger Präventionsmaßnahmen.

Methoden

Das Nationale Krebshilfe‐Monitoring zur Solariennutzung (NCAM, Erhebungswelle 3) ist eine bundesweit repräsentative Befragung (n = 3000, 14–45 Jahre). Wir haben UKO in Bezug auf Hautkrebs exploriert und den Zusammenhang zwischen UKO und soziodemographischen Merkmalen, bräunungs‐ und gesundheitsbezogenem Risikoverhalten, Hautkrebsrisiko und Risikobewusstsein gegenüber Hautkrebs untersucht.

Ergebnisse

Vier von zehn Personen (43,3 %) glaubten – im Vergleich zu einer Person gleichen Alters und Geschlechts – ein geringeres Risiko zu haben, an Hautkrebs zu erkranken. Jüngere Personen zeigten mit höherer Wahrscheinlichkeit eine optimistische Wahrnehmung. Personen mit erhöhtem Hautkrebsrisiko, gemessen an individuellen Hautcharakteristika, nahmen ihr Risiko verglichen zur Referenz auch mit erhöhter Wahrscheinlichkeit wahr.

Schlussfolgerungen

Während es realistisch ist, dass Personen mit einem erhöhten objektiven Hautkrebsrisiko dies auch so wahrnehmen, sind die generellen Untersuchungsbefunde für die Allgemeinbevölkerung, speziell für jüngere Personen, besorgniserregend. Es scheint daher wichtig, Personen über ihre unrealistische Wahrnehmung bezüglich des eigenen Hautkrebsrisikos aufzuklären, da dies das wahrgenommene individuelle Risiko sowie das individuelle Screening‐ und Präventionsverhalten beeinflussen kann.
Detection of full and limited amphidromous migratory dynamics of fish in Caribbean rivers
Authors: Frotté Lou , Ringelstein Julien , Monti Dominique , Robert Marie , Pécheyran Christophe , Améziane Nadia , Tabouret Hélène
Published: August 2019

All native fishes living in the Caribbean island rivers are considered diadromous but few species have been validated as diadromous. In Guadeloupe (Lesser Antilles) as well as in the other tropical islands, the riverine habitats are subject to strong anthropogenic pressure due to resource modifications or dams. The management of fish biodiversity requires knowledge concerning their life history traits and behaviour that are still unknown for most species at a local scale and at the whole distribution area of the species. In a Guadeloupe river, we inferred the migratory patterns of four freshwater fishes common to Caribbean rivers by the analysis of otolith microchemistry. We found two species Eleotris perniger (Eleotridae) and Sicydium plumieri (Gobiidae) to be completely amphidromous with a marine larval phase and a freshwater adult phase. Agonostomus monticola (Mugilidae) was also found to be amphidromous in this system. The fourth species Gobiesox cephalus (Gobiesocidae) showed elemental ratios suggesting an estuarine larval phase and was defined as “limited amphidromous”. The identification of such life history traits, with limited dispersion abilities, argues for specific management measures in tropical island rivers at a basin scale for the conservation of biodiversity.
Chlamydia psittaci infection as a cause of respiratory disease in neonatal foals
Authors: Gough S. L. , Carrick J. , Raidal S. L. , Keane S. , Collins N. , Cudmore L. , Russell C. M. , Raidal S. , Hughes K. J.
Published: August 2019

Background

During 2016–2018, 15 critically ill neonatal foals with acute respiratory distress associated with Chlamydia psittaci infection were presented to three referral hospitals in New South Wales. Chlamydia psittaci has not previously been associated with the development of neonatal respiratory disease.

Objectives

To investigate and describe the clinical features and outcome of C. psittaci infection in neonatal foals.

Study design

Multicentre retrospective case series.

Methods

The clinical, clinicopathological, necropsy and histological features of 15 foals with confirmed C. psittaci infection were reviewed and reported.

Results

Thirteen foals with C. psittaci infection died or were subjected to euthanasia within 36 h of hospitalisation and two foals survived to discharge. Findings during post‐mortem examination of nonsurviving foals included bronchopneumonia, pulmonary congestion, hepatic congestion and hepatic inflammation. Detection of C. psittaci was achieved using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing of swabs of nasal secretions (4/6) and rectal mucosa (5/7) from live foals, lung tissues of foals at necropsy (11/14) and foetal membranes (4/5).

Main limitations

Small numbers of confirmed cases of neonatal C. psittaci infection and inconsistent sampling methods.

Conclusions

Chlamydia psittaci should be considered a differential diagnosis for neonatal foals with signs of severe systemic disease, including equine neonatal acute respiratory distress syndrome (EqNARDS). Chlamydia psittaci is a zoonotic pathogen and a personal protective equipment (PPE) should be worn for the management of foals with suspected or confirmed infection.
Seasonal drivers of understorey temperature buffering in temperate deciduous forests across Europe
Authors: Zellweger Florian , Coomes David , Lenoir Jonathan , Depauw Leen , Maes Sybryn L. , Wulf Monika , Kirby Keith J. , Brunet Jörg , Kopecký Martin , Máliš František , Schmidt Wolfgang , Heinrichs Steffi , den Ouden Jan , Jaroszewicz Bogdan , Buyse Gauthier , Spicher Fabien , Verheyen Kris , De Frenne Pieter
Published: August 2019

Aim

Forest understorey microclimates are often buffered against extreme heat or cold, with important implications for the organisms living in these environments. We quantified seasonal effects of understorey microclimate predictors describing canopy structure, canopy composition and topography (i.e., local factors) and the forest patch size and distance to the coast (i.e., landscape factors).

Location

Temperate forests in Europe.

Time period

2017–2018.

Major taxa studied

Woody plants.

Methods

We combined data from a microclimate sensor network with weather‐station records to calculate the difference, or offset, between temperatures measured inside and outside forests. We used regression analysis to study the effects of local and landscape factors on the seasonal offset of minimum, mean and maximum temperatures.

Results

The maximum temperature during the summer was on average cooler by 2.1 °C inside than outside forests, and the minimum temperatures during the winter and spring were 0.4 and 0.9 °C warmer. The local canopy cover was a strong nonlinear driver of the maximum temperature offset during summer, and we found increased cooling beneath tree species that cast the deepest shade. Seasonal offsets of minimum temperature were mainly regulated by landscape and topographic features, such as the distance to the coast and topographic position.

Main conclusions

Forest organisms experience less severe temperature extremes than suggested by currently available macroclimate data; therefore, climate–species relationships and the responses of species to anthropogenic global warming cannot be modelled accurately in forests using macroclimate data alone. Changes in canopy cover and composition will strongly modulate the warming of maximum temperatures in forest understories, with important implications for understanding the responses of forest biodiversity and functioning to the combined threats of land‐use change and climate change. Our predictive models are generally applicable across lowland temperate deciduous forests, providing ecologically important microclimate data for forest understories.
Validation of an alternative method for the identification of 2‐dodecylcyclebutanone (2‐DCB) of irradiated meats by solid‐phase microextraction (SPME) gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC‐MS)
Authors: Campaniello Maria , Marchesani Giuliana , Zianni Rosalia , Tarallo Marina , Mangiacotti Michele , Chiaravalle A. Eugenio
Published: August 2019

A rapid and simple procedure to detect irradiated food containing fat is proposed. This method is based on HS‐SPME coupled with GC‐MS to determine the presence of a radiolytic product in irradiated meats: 2‐dodecylcyclobutanone (2‐DCB) and is proposed as an alternative to EN 1785:2003, which is a long and complex procedure. The qualitative confirmation method is validated on different type of meats: chicken, turkey, duck, beef, pork on both nonirradiated and irradiated samples at different dose levels (0.05, 0.12, 0.5, 1.0 and 3.0 kGy) with a biological X‐ray irradiator. The validation parameters investigated are selectivity, minimum dose level (MDL), limit of detection (LOD), sensitivity and specificity. The MDL and LOD values were 0.5 kGy and 5.0 ng mL−1, respectively, for all matrices. No false positives or false negatives occurred, and 100% of samples were correctly identified. The results show that HS‐SPME GC‐MS is suitable for routine analysis.
Effect of stabiliser classes (animal proteins, vegetable proteins, starches, hydrocolloids and dietary fibre) on the physicochemical properties of a model lean meat product
Authors: Perez‐Santaescolastica Cristina , Goemaere Olivier , Hanskens Jana , Lorenzo José M. , Fraeye Ilse
Published: August 2019

The effects of eleven ingredients (originating from various ingredient classes: animal proteins, plant proteins, starches, hydrocolloids and fibres) applied in two different concentrations on drip loss, rheological characteristics and hardness were evaluated in a lean meat model system. The high concentration of potato starch, insoluble citrus fibre, rice starch or pea protein significantly (P < 0.05) reduced drip losses (6.92%, 17.87%, 15.70%, 17.60%, respectively) compared to control (30.80%), while rheological measures and hardness remained unchanged (P > 0.05). Moreover, the addition of low concentrations of soluble citrus fibre did not significantly affect hardness (4.11 N), whereas its inclusion at high concentrations had a significant effect on the final hardness (7.17 N). Among all the tested ingredients, xanthan presented the lowest drip loss value (0.12% and 0.40% for high and low concentration, respectively). Finally, gelatine did not show any differences in water holding capacity, storage modulus nor hardness compared with the control group.
COMMONALITY IN LIQUIDITY OF NEARBY FIRMS
Authors: Li Chengcheng , Wang Xiaoqiong
Published: August 2019

In this article, we examine commonality in liquidity of firms headquartered in the same states and how the local liquidity commonality is influenced by firm‐ and state‐level characteristics. We document strong liquidity comovement of nearby firms. Moreover, firms that change headquarters location experience a decrease in their liquidity commonality with firms in the old states and an increase in their liquidity commonality with firms in the new states. Our findings show that both firm‐ and state‐level characteristics determine local liquidity comovement. Local liquidity commonality is stronger for firms with smaller size and lower level of institutional ownership. Our results also suggest that state‐level volatility, state personal income, state investment income, and state turnover commonality explain the local component of liquidity commonality. We further document that the four state‐level factors perform differently during volatile market periods.
WHEN ELECTIONS FAIL TO RESOLVE UNCERTAINTY: THE CASE OF THE 2016 U.S. PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION
Authors: Cox Justin S. , Griffith Todd G.
Published: August 2019

In this article, we examine whether certain political election outcomes create, rather than resolve, uncertainty in financial markets. We posit that the market uncertainty associated with unanticipated election outcomes is not resolved before or on the election dates. To test this claim, we use the surprise outcome of the 2016 U.S. presidential election and two previous U.S. presidential elections as benchmarks. In contrast to prior elections, we find that the 2016 U.S. presidential election outcome did not resolve market uncertainty. Specifically, we show significant increases in transactions costs, adverse selection costs, and volatility in the days following the election date. We contribute to the literature by suggesting that unexpected elections can engender, rather than resolve, market uncertainty.
Advances in encapsulated dermal formulations in chemoprevention of melanoma: An overview
Authors: Ravikumar Padmini , Tatke Pratima
Published: August 2019

Background

The three forms of skin cancer are cutaneous malignant melanoma, basal cell carcinoma, and squamous cell carcinoma. Melanoma skin cancer is an aggressive type and one of the most chemotherapy‐resistant malignancies. Conventional topical products are beset with limitations, leading to lower efficacy. There is a growing need to develop topical formulations encapsulated in polymeric and lipid nanoparticles, nanoemulsions, dendrimers, and liposomes exhibiting enhanced skin penetration and longer skin retention leading to better efficacy.

Objective

The objective of this article is the screening of reported novel drug encapsulated delivery systems effective topically in melanoma chemoprevention.

Aim

The scope of this work is to provide an overview pertaining to the development and evaluation of three exemplary drug delivery systems (DDS), namely vesicular, particulate, and specialized emulsions.

Methods

Topical drug delivery approaches targeting skin cancer have been reviewed and discussed. The focal point of the article is presentation of insights from published studies.

Results

This review focuses on the novel delivery systems in chemoprevention of melanoma with discussion highlighting on advances in topical delivery.

Conclusion

Literature indicates that drug‐loaded encapsulated topical formulations when compared with conventional dosage forms for skin cancer treatment exhibit greater efficacy and provide benefits like extended drug release, protection of the active ingredient against degradation, and lower skin irritation. Incorporation of phytoconstituents in newer delivery systems will be the way forward for improved topical chemoprevention strategy in melanoma. This has raised hope in making dermal therapy more useful and acceptable.
Prevalence of acute kidney injury in a population of hospitalized horses
Authors: Savage Victoria L. , Marr Celia M. , Bailey Michael , Smith Sarah
Published: August 2019

Background

Hospital‐acquired acute kidney injury (AKI) in humans and dogs increases morbidity and nonsurvival. Azotemia at presentation has been associated with a poor outcome in horses; however, prevalence and consequences of hospital‐acquired AKI are unreported.

Hypothesis/Objectives

To evaluate the prevalence of AKI in hospitalized horses, risk factors associated with AKI, and the effect of AKI on short‐term survival. We hypothesized that the prevalence of AKI in horses is similar to that reported in other domestic mammalian species and would be associated with nonsurvival.

Animals

Adult horses hospitalized for >2 days from which a minimum of 2 measurements of serum creatinine concentration were available.

Methods

Retrospective cohort study. Clinical records were reviewed and horses grouped according to their baseline serum creatinine concentration and change in serum creatinine concentration from baseline. The associations between signalment, diagnosis, and treatment variables, and the presence of azotemia or AKI were assessed using multinomial logistic regression. The relationship between these conditions and survival to discharge was evaluated.

Results

Three hundred twenty‐five horses were included; 4.3% (14/325) had azotemia at baseline and 14.8% (48/325) developed AKI. There were no significant associations between investigated risk factors and development of AKI. The presence of azotemia and AKI did not significantly affect survival to discharge (P= .08 and .81, respectively).

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

The prevalence of AKI in this population of hospitalized horses is similar to that reported in dogs and humans; however, in this study population, there was less impact on morbidity and short‐term survival.
Weight stigma and discrimination: Time for change!
Authors: Flint S. W.
Published: August 2019

The pervasiveness and negative impact of weight stigma and discrimination has highlighted the need to intervene across many levels of society. Instances of discrimination impinge on peoples’ human rights and societal values of equality, raising important questions for policymakers and legislators. The ingrained nature of weight stigma and discrimination throughout society means the systemic change that is warranted will not be easy or rapid. Within this article, several actions are suggested to reduce weight stigma and discrimination and in doing so, address this social justice issue. The article represents a long overdue call to end weight stigma and discrimination for the betterment of society.
Allograft outcomes of treated children with kidney transplant who developed plasma cell‐rich acute rejection (PCAR): A single center's experience
Authors: Alhamoud Issa , Huang Rong , Lacelle Chantale , Burguete Daniel , Hendricks Allen R. , Torrealba Jose R. , Seikaly Mouin G.
Published: August 2019

Introduction

PCAR is a rare form of ACR that may compromise renal allografts. This review evaluates the outcomes of a protocol used to treat PCAR (Study group), and compares these outcomes with a matched cohort with ACR (Control group).

Methods

A retrospective analysis of 138 of pRTRs who underwent renal allograft biopsies between January 2008 and November 2016.

Results

Seven biopsies revealed in situ hybridization of EBER‐negative PCAR (5%). Three Study group pRTRs lost their grafts within 3 months after rejection (43%). None of the Control group pRTRs lost their graft during this period. At the time of rejection, eGFR was different between the Control and Study groups (27.0 ± 19.9 mL/min per m2 vs 40.0 ± 10.6 mL/min/1.73 m2, respectively; P < 0.05). Among Study group pRTRs with functioning allografts (n = 4), treatment resulted in an increase in eGFR from nadir levels (27.0 ± 19.9 vs 55.6 ± 18.3 mL/min/1.73 m2, P < 0.05). In the Study group, complications included neutropenia, BK and EBV viremia, and infusion‐related hypotension and hypertension.

(a) Graft loss in Study group while remaining high (43%) was lower than that reported in the published pediatric literature. (b) Our protocol was associated with improvement in eGFR in all surviving pRTRs within the Study group. (c) No life‐threatening complications or malignancy were reported during the observation period.
Magmatic‐Hydrothermal Mineralization Sequence in Xinlu Ore Field, Guangxi, South China: Constraints from Zircon U‐Pb, Molybdenite Re‐Os, and Muscovite Ar‐Ar Dating
Authors: Feng Yangyang , Feng Zuohai , Fu Wei , Kang Zhiqiang , Jiang Jian , Guo Along , Wang Xi , Feng Meng , Wang Chunzeng
Published: August 2019

The Xinlu Sn‐polymetallic ore field is located in the western Nanling Polymetallic Belt in northeastern Guangxi, South China, where a number of typical skarn‐, hydrothermal vein‐type tin deposits have developed. There are two types of Sn deposits: skarn‐type and sulfide‐quartz vein‐type. The tin mineralizations mainly occur on the south side of the Guposhan granitic complex pluton and within its outer contact zone. To constrain the Sn mineralization age and further understand its genetic links to the Guposhan granitic complex, a series of geochronological works has been conducted at the Liuheao deposit of the ore field using high‐precision zircon SHRIMP U‐Pb, molybdenite Re‐Os, and muscovite Ar‐Ar dating methods. The results show that the biotite‐monzogranite, which is part of the Xinlu intrusive unit of the Guposhan complex pluton, has a SHRIMP U‐Pb zircon age of 161.0 ± 1.5 Ma. The skarn‐type ore has a 40Ar‐39Ar muscovite plateau age of 160 ± 2 Ma (same as its isochron age), and the sulfide‐quartz vein‐type ore yields an Re‐Os molybdenite isochron age of 154.4 ± 3.5 Ma. The magmatic‐hydrothermal geochronological sequence demonstrated that the hydrothermal mineralization took place immediately following the emplacement of the monzogranite, with the skarn metasomatic mineralization stage predating the sulfide mineralization stage. Geochronologically, we have compared this ore field with 26 typical Sn deposits distributed along the Nanling Polymetallic Belt, leading to the suggestion of the magmatic‐metallogenic processes in the Xinlu ore field (ca. 161–154 Ma) as a component of the Early Yanshanian large‐scale Sn‐polymetallic mineralization event (peaked at 160–150 Ma) in the Nanling Range of South China. Petrogenesis of Sn‐producing granite and Sn‐polymetallic mineralization were probably caused by crust–mantle interaction as a result of significant lithospheric extension and thinning in South China in the Late Jurassic.
Heterogeneity in Early Life Investments: A Longitudinal Analysis of Children's Time Use
Authors: Rokicki Slawa , McGovern Mark E.
Published: August 2019

We examine socioeconomic heterogeneity in children's time use using diary data from two waves of a nationally representative longitudinal cohort study in Ireland. Children from disadvantaged households spend significantly less time reading, doing homework, and engaging in physical exercise and sport than their counterparts, and more time engaging in unstructured play. Though most gaps are relatively small at age 9, they widen considerably by age 13. This pattern is similar for girls and boys. Parental education appears to be a more important factor in family investment decisions about children's time use than household income. Given the important role of extra‐curricular activities in promoting cognitive and non‐cognitive skill development, the systematic differences in children's time use we document in this paper may contribute to cumulative disadvantage and widening skill gaps through adolescence and into adulthood.