bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Heat Treating of Cold-Work Tool Steels—Low- and Un-Alloyed Water and Oil Hardening Steels
Authors: Mesquita Rafael Agnelli , Schneider Reinhold , Gonçalves Cristiane Sales
Published: December 2018

This article provides a detailed discussion on various recommended heat treating practices, including normalizing, annealing, austenitizing, quenching, tempering, stress relieving, preheating, and martempering, for various low- and un-alloyed cold-work hardening tool steels. The steels discussed include water-hardening tool steels, shock-resisting tool steels, oil hardening cold-work tool steels, low-alloy special-purpose tool steels, and carbon-tungsten special-purpose tool steels.
Heat Treatment of Bearings
Authors: Chidester Alan J. , Darragh Craig V. , Hoff Robert C. , Imundo John R. , Maloney James L. , Nitescu Dan
Published: December 2018

The choice of heat treatment depends on the service requirements of a given bearing and how the bearing will be made. This article describes the design parameters, material characteristics required to sustain performance characteristics, metallurgical properties, and dimensional stability. It also provides a description of various extensively-used heat treatment processes, namely, carburizing, carbonitriding, induction surface hardening, and nitriding associated with various bearings. In addition, the article explores the factors to be considered in selecting a process and explains why it is optimum for a specific application.
Energy Sources Used for Fusion Welding
Authors: Eagar Thomas W.
Published: December 2018

Welding and joining processes are essential for the development of virtually every manufactured product. This article discusses the fundamentals of fusion welding processes, with an emphasis on the underlying scientific principles. It reviews the role of energy-source intensity and the width of the heat-affected zone in fusion welding processes. The article contains figures from which the properties of any heat source can be estimated readily.
Resistance Seam Welding
Authors: Karagoulis Michael J.
Published: December 2018

Resistance seam welding (RSEW) is a process in which the heat generated by resistance to the flow of electric current in the work metal is combined with pressure to produce a welded seam. This article discusses the various classes of the RSEW process, namely roll spot welding, reinforced roll spot welding, and leak-tight seam welding. It provides information on the applications of lap seam weld, mash seam weld, and butt seam weld. The article reviews the advantages and limitations of seam welding compared to resistance spot welding, projection welding, and laser welding. It describes the four basic types of resistance seam weld machines: circular, longitudinal, universal, and portable. The article concludes with a discussion on weld quality and process control for seam welding.
Low-Temperature Solid-State Welding
Authors: Rosen R.S.
Published: December 2018

This article describes low-temperature solid-state welding processes in relation to the interlayer fabrication method, welding method, and welding parameters. The interlayer fabrication method is used to produce vacuum coated interlayers, electrodeposited interlayers, and foil interlayers. The article discusses welding methods, including uniaxial compression and hot isostatic pressing. The article provides information on the effect of base-metal surface finish on the tensile strength of joints solid-state welded using silver interlayers in tabular form and addresses the surface cleaning steps of base-metals.
Welding of Nickel Alloys
Authors: Hinshaw E.B.
Published: December 2018

Nickel alloys can be joined reliably by all types of welding processes or methods, with the exception of forge welding and oxyacetylene welding. This article discusses the heat treatment of nickel alloys and tabulates nominal compositions of selected weldable wrought nickel and nickel alloys. It provides information on gas-tungsten arc welding, gas-metal arc welding, plasma arc welding, shielded metal arc welding, and submerged arc welding for welding nickel alloys. The article reviews the defects encountered in the arc welding of nickel alloys, including porosity, cracking, and stress-corrosion cracking. It provides information on the factors that influence the choice of filler metal and welding process of nickel alloys.
Brazing of Refractory and Reactive Metals
Authors: Batista Roy I.
Published: December 2018

This article provides a discussion on filler metal selection, brazing procedures, and brazing equipment for brazing refractory metals. These include molybdenum, tungsten, niobium, and tantalum, and reactive metals. Commercially pure and alpha titanium alloys, alpha-beta alloys, zirconium alloys, and beryllium alloys are some reactive metals discussed in the article.
Fitness-for-Service Assessment of Welded Structures
Authors: Gordon J.R.
Published: December 2018

Fitness-for-service assessment procedures can be used to assess the integrity, or remaining life, of components in service. Depending on the operating environment and the nature of the applied loading, a structure can fail by a number of different modes: brittle fracture, ductile fracture, plastic collapse, fatigue, creep, corrosion, and buckling. This article focuses on the broad categories of these failure modes: fracture, fatigue, environmental cracking, and high-temperature creep. It also discusses the benefits of a fitness-for-service approach.
Evaluation and Quality Control of Brazed Joints
Authors: Vollaro Mary B. , Miller Jule A.
Published: December 2018

This article outlines the requirements and methods associated with the inspection of brazements. It emphasizes the incorporation of these requirements into the overall quality system. The article reviews the acceptance limits, design limitations, and nondestructive and destructive inspection techniques involved in the brazement inspection. Selected case studies are also provided for further reference.
Ferromagnetic Resonance
Authors: Bhagat S.M.
Published: December 2018

Ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) is used in the identification of the magnetic state of materials, the quantitative determination of static magnetic parameters, and the determination of microwave losses. This article describes the theory of ferromagnetic resonance and provides information on reflection spectrometers, microwave spectrometers, and ferromagnetic anti-resonance spectrometers used for measuring FMR. It also discusses the applications of FMR and provides several detailed examples.
Optical Metallography
Authors: Louthan M.R.
Published: December 2018

Optical metallography, one of the most common materials characterization techniques, uses visible light to magnify structural features of interest. This article discusses the use of optical methods to evaluate micro and macrostructure and relate it to process conditions and material behavior. It covers the steps involved in sample preparation, including sectioning, mounting, grinding, polishing, and etching, and presents several examples of macro and microanalysis on various metals and alloys.
Electron Probe X-Ray Microanalysis
Authors: Heinrich Kurt F.J. , Newbury Dale E.
Published: December 2018

Electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) makes it possible to combine structural and compositional analysis in one operation. This article describes the basic concepts of microanalysis and the processing of EPMA that involves the measurement of the characteristic X-rays emitted from a microscopic part of a solid specimen bombarded by a beam of accelerated electrons. It provides information on the various aspects of energy-dispersive spectrometry (EDS) and wavelength-dispersive spectrometry (WDS), and elucidates the qualitative analysis of the major constituents of EDS and WDS. The article includes information on the analog and digital compositional mapping of elemental distribution, and describes the strengths and weaknesses of WDS and EDS spectrometers in X-ray mapping. It also outlines the application of EPMA for solving various problems in materials science.
Взаємозв'язок мікробіоценозу бронхів та кишечника у пацієнтів молодого віку з рекурентним бронхітом
Authors: Tysh O. B. , Matyukha L. F.
Published: December 2018

У статті описано кореляциїний зв'язок лакто- та біфідобактерій в бронхоальвеолярному лаважі і фекаліях, а також спосіб прогнозування і залежності степеня заселеності біфідо- та лактобактерій в бронхоальвеолярному лаважі від показників заселеності лактобактерій у фекаліях. Наведено регресійну модель та дано рекомендації по застосуванню для сімейного лікаря і пульмунолога.
Клиническое значение биомаркёров для детерминации костно-хрящевой деструкции на раннем этапе развития ревматоидного артрита
Authors: Rekalov D. G. , Prytkova A. V.
Published: December 2018

Изучены биомаркёры костно-хрящевой деструкции на максимально раннем этапе развития ревматоидного артрита (РА). Проведена верификация прогностической ценности показателей эрозивно-деструктивных процессов в суставном аппарате при раннем РА и на развёрнутой стадии. Проанализированы показатели, детерминирующие непосредственно как активность инфламматорного процесса, так и ключевые цитокины, ассоциированные с быстротой и стадийностью повреждения суставных поверхностей, что позволяет адекватно обосновать индивидуализированную клиническую тактику у больных с ранним РА.
Діагностика вродженої патології у практиці сімейного лікаря
Authors: Lysunets O. V. , Didyk N. V.
Published: December 2018

У статті наведено принципи класифікації вроджених вад розвитку. Описано клінічний випадок синдрому Прадера – Віллі у ранньому дитячому віці. Запропоновано алгоритм діагностичного пошуку, що сприяє верифікації діагнозу сімейним лікарем. Виділено найважливіші клінічні детермінанти вродженої патології – стигми диземріогенезу, порушення фізичного та психомоторного розвитку, гіпогонадизм, затяжна жовтяниця в період новонародженості, специфічні патерни при інструментальних тестах.
Порівняння традиційної за Мілліган – Морганом та степлерної циркулярної гемороїдектомії
Authors: Savoliuk S. I. , Shulyarenko O. V. , Ignatov I. M. , Shulyarenko L. V. , Siryachenko V. G.
Published: December 2018

Проведено порівняльний аналіз ранніх результатів хірургічного лікування хронічного внутрішнього геморою III і IV стадії: 45 (52,33 %) хворим І групи виконано степлерну гемороїдектомію згідно з розробленим нами способом (Деклараційний патент України на корисну модель № 112799 від 26.12.2016 р., бюл. № 24); 41 (47,67 %) пацієнту ІІ групи – гемороїдектомію за Мілліган – Морганом. Встановлено, що середня тривалість оперативного втручання, вираженість та тривалість больового синдрому, що потребував застосування нестероїдних протизапальних аналгетиків, середнє значення кількості доз наркотичних аналгетиків, термін повернення до нормальної активності, а також різновид і кількість ускладнень в основній групі були меншими, ніж в групі порівняння, що підтверджує правильність нашої розробки.
Показники місцевого імунітету у жінок з персистуючою формою латентної папіломавірусної інфекції шийки матки після вакцинації проти ВПЛ
Authors: Dola O. L. , Lakatosh V. P. , Antonuk M. I. , Lakatosh P. V.
Published: December 2018

Проаналізовано зміни показників місцевого імунітету, виявлені через 1 та 6 міс після вакцинації ЦервариксомТМ 35 жінок з діагностованою персистуючою формою латентної папіломавірусної інфекції (ПВІ) шийки матки (ШМ). Під впливом вірусом папіломи людини (ВПЛ) вакцинації через 6 міс у жінок з латентною ПВІ ШМ відмічено тенденцію до нормалізації показників, що характеризують місцевий імунітет, – вмісту в цервікальному відділі sIgA, a- та g-ІФН, ФНП-a та ІЛ-10 (підвищення співвідношення двох останніх показників вказувало на відновлення балансу про- та антизапальних цитокінів). Активізацію гуморального шляху імунної відповіді спостерігали через 1 міс після введення першої дози ЦервариксуТМ – відмічено підвищення порівняно з контролем медіани для ІЛ-10 в 2,5 раза проти 2,2 раза до вакцинації.
Яке з двох вчень правдиве – вчення про старіння та антистаріння чи вчення про біокоагуляційну альтерацію і біодекоагуляційну регенерацію
Authors: Monastyrsky V. A.
Published: December 2018

У статті обґрунтовується твердження про те, що, по-перше, вчення про старіння і антистаріння помилкове, бо не існує жодних доказів утворення в процесі еволюції таких двох процесів, а, по-друге, вчення про біокоагуляційну альтерацію та біодекоагуляційну регенерацію правдиве, оскільки ґрунтується на фактах, одержаних в експерименті на тваринах. Автор відкрив два явища – тромбінозалежну цитогістогемокоагуляцію (біокоагуляцію), яка функціонує як коагуляційно-гіпотрофічний механізм із зниженням всіх механізмів трофіки, тому її кінцевим результатом є альтерація у вигляді дегенеративних і дистрофічних пошкоджень органів (процес біокоагуляційної альтерації), та плазмінозалежну цитогістогемодекоагуляцію (біодекоагуляцію), що функціонує як регенераційно-нормотрофічний механізм з відновленням усіх механізмів трофіки. Тому її кінцевим результатом є усунення дегенеративно-дистрофічних пошкоджень органів і посилення внутрішньоклітинної та клітинної регенерації (процес біодекоагуляційної регенерації). Відкриття цих двох процесів дало автору можливість створити три інтегральні (цілісні) геронтологічні теорії – генетично-альтераційно-регенераційну теорію вікового розвитку та дві її складові – генетично-бікоагуляційно-альтераційну теорію старіння організму і біодекоагуляційно-регенераційну теорію його омолодження. Правдивість цих теорій підтверджена практикою – на їх основі створено спосіб омолодження організму, який в експерименті на тваринах виявися дуже ефективним.
Оцінка концентрації оксиду азоту в крові як маркера гестаційної ендотеліальної дисфункції
Authors: Malanchuk L. M. , Krivitska G. O. , Malanchuk A. S.
Published: December 2018

Стаття присвячена визначенню концентрації оксиду азоту в крові вагітних із синдромом втрати плода та без репродуктивних втрат. Статистична обробка отриманих даних проведена за програмі Excel 2010. Після визначення концентрації нітровмісних сполук у водопровідній воді оцінювали вміст активних метаболітів оксиду азоту в сироватці крові за методом П. П. Голікова та Н. Ю. Ніколаєвої. Встановлено, що середня концентрація оксиду азоту в сироватці крові вагітних із синдромом втрати плода знижена порівняно з жінками без репродуктивних втрат. Як медикаментозну корекцію призначали донатор оксиду азоту – сироп L-аргініну аспартату – по 5 мл 3 рази на добу per os протягом 14 днів. Після проведеної терапії показники середньої концентрації оксиду азоту збільшились майже вдвічі, що дозволяє призначати препарат вагітним із синдромом втрати плода для профілактики акушерських ускладнень, пов’язаних з ендотеліальною дисфункцією.
Ефективність застосування способу вторинної профілактики флюорозу постійних зубів у дітей
Authors: Kaskova L. F. , Amosova L. I. , Berezhnaya O. E. , Soloshenko Y. I. , Morgun N. A.
Published: December 2018

З метою вивчення ефективності застосування кальційорганічного препарату кальцекс проведено дослідження 80 учнів середніх загальноосвітніх шкіл з проявами початкових форм флюорозу на зубах. Результати клінічних досліджень показали, що запропонований спосіб вторинної профілактики флюорозу запобігає розвитку забарвлення і деструкції уражених ділянок емалі та сприяє усуненню крейдоподібних флюорозних плям, що підтверджується підвищенням омічного опору твердих тканин постійних зубів у дітей.
Динаміка змін в ультраструктурі ендотеліоцитів судин гемомікроциркуляторного русла вильчкової залози щурів під дією метилтретбутилового ефіру
Authors: Kerechanyn I. V.
Published: December 2018

За допомогою трансмісійної електронной мікроскопії досліджено ультраструктуру ендотелію судин гемомікроциркуляторного русла волочкової залози щурів через 3, 8,15, 22 та 60 діб після введення метилтретбутилового ефіру. Експериментальні тварини отримували метилтретбутиловий ефір у дозi 0,5 мг/кг, 5 мг/кг, 50 мг/кг та 500 мг/кг. В результаті проведеного дослідження встановлено, що із збільшенням дози метилтретбутилового ефіру зменшується просвіт кровоносних капілярів, виникають «темні» ендотеліоцити на початкових стадіях апоптозу, виражений периваскулярний фіброз.
Тенденції материнської смертності в Україні та її основні чинники
Authors: Zhylka N. Ya. , Kudria A. V.
Published: December 2018

Показник материнської смертності вважають інтегрованим індикатором репродуктивного здоров’я жінок, який відображає не лише стан загального здоров’я, якість медичної допомоги вагітним і рівень організаційної роботи родопомічних установ, а й поєднану взаємодію цих чинників з економічними, екологічними, санітарно-культурними, соціально-гігієнічними та іншими факторами. Показник материнської смертності нині є актуальною проблемою вітчизняної системи охорони здоров’я: за даними МОЗ України, у 2016 р. померло 77 жінок, смерть яких пов’язана з вагітністю. Показник материнської смертності становить 14,5 % на 100 000 живонароджених дітей. За даними Міжвідомчої групи ООН з оцінки материнської смертності (MMEIG), в обчисленні показника ураховують коефіцієнт народжуваності і економічний стан країни, показник материнської смертності в Україні у 5,3 раз (32 на 100 000 живонароджених) перевищує (2010 р.) цей показник у Європейському Союзі (6 на 100 000 живонароджених у 2010 р.). В Україні спостерігається негативна стала тенденція рівня материнської смертності, основними причинами якої є недостатня доступність населення до послуг планування сім’ї; високий рівень патології вагітних; недосконала система стандартизації медичної допомоги; недостатній моніторинговий контроль випадків материнської смерті; недостатня державна підтримка при плануванні та народженні дитини. Впровадження заходів Глобальної стратегії і цілі припинення запобіжної материнської смертності до 2030 р. ВООЗ сприятиме зниженню МС: подолання нерівностей в доступності та якості медико-санітарних послуг в областях репродуктивного здоров'я, здоров'я матерів і новонароджених; забезпечення загального охоплення послугами охорони здоров'я для всеосяжної медико-санітарної допомоги у сфері репродуктивного здоров'я;подолання всіх причин материнської смертності, репродуктивної і материнської захворюваності та пов'язаних з ними інвалідності; зміцнення систем охорони здоров'я шляхом збору надійних даних з метою реагування на потреби та пріоритети жінок і дівчаток; забезпечення підзвітності для підвищення якості допомоги і справедливості [1].
Immunological predictors of intrauterine infection of the fetus and newborn in pregnancies complicated by bacterial and viral infection
Authors: Shcherbina N. A. , Vygovskaya L. A.
Published: December 2018

The study involved the assessment of the state of immune system in pregnant women with bacterial and viral urogenital infection to determine the criteria for implementation of intrauterine infection (IUI) of the fetus and newborn. It implied a comparative study of the state of some parameters of immune system in 150 pregnant women with urogenital infection of mixed bacterial and viral genesis, who were in a risk group for the development of fetal IUI at the 2nd–3rd trimesters of gestation. The main group comprised 68 (45.3 %) women whose children, according to clinical and laboratory examination, had IUI. The comparison group included 82 (54.7 %) carriers of perinatally significant bacterial and viral infection who gave birth to healthy children; the control group included 50 healthy women with normal pregnancy. The study determined immunological features of pregnancy, complicated with fetal IUI. Evaluation of cytokine link in regulation of immunity in the group of pregnant women with implementation of IUI made it possible to establish a significant increase in IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α levels in the 2nd-3rd trimesters, with a simultaneous decrease in IL-10, more expressed in the subgroup of pregnant women, who gave birth to children diagnosed with IUI, in comparison with pregnant women, whose newborns did not have clinical manifestations of the disease with a confirmed IUI. Implementation of IUI in pregnancy complicated by urogenital infection of bacterial and viral etiology at late terms of gestation is associated with an imbalance between pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, with the dominance of proinflammatory cytokines, the indices of which can be used as predictors for implementation of fetal IUI.
Hépatite alcoolique aiguë sévère
Authors: Nguyen-Khac E. , Dejour V. , Sarba R. , Yzet T. , Turpin J. , Chatelain D. , Marcq I. , Chivot C. , Maizel J. , Papillon C.A. , Attencourt C. , Houchi H.
Published: December 2018

Tout patient consommateur chronique et excessif d’alcool avec un ictère récent doit être évalué par le score de Maddrey à la recherche d’une hépatite alcoolique aiguë sévère. Les corticostéroïdes représentent le traitement de première ligne, associés à un soutien nutritionnel adapté et à une abstinence alcoolique. La combinaison corticostéroïdes plus N-acétylcystéine (perfusée pendant les cinq premiers jours) améliore la survie à court terme par rapport aux corticostéroïdes seuls, constituant une option thérapeutique de première ligne. La réponse au traitement est évaluée au septième jour par le modèle de Lille inférieur ou égal à 0,45. Le pronostic des patients non répondeurs aux corticostéroïdes avec un modèle de Lille supérieur à 0,45 est sombre avec une survie de 23 % à six mois. Pour des patients non répondeurs aux corticostéroïdes et sélectionnés, la transplantation hépatique précoce améliore significativement la survie à six mois et à long terme.
INCREASING THE SERVICE LIFE OF PUMPING EQUIPMENT
Authors: Akhmetzyanov L. M.
Published: December 2018

The article describes technical problems that affect the durability of the seals during operation of pumping units. The advantages and disadvantages in the operation of end and packing seals are indicated. It is shown that usage of end seals is economically justified, because it increases the turnaround cycle, provides security requirements, and allows the pumps to be provided with an automation, blocking and protection system. The author proposes a variant of the modernization of end seals to increase service life, shows changes in design.
MANAGEMENT OF QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE COMPOSITION OF CUSTOMER’S SERVICES IN THE CONDITIONS OF EXPANSION OF SEPARATE SERVICE DURING DRILLINGON THE BASIS OF MODELING
Authors: Gureeva E. G. , Gureev K. A.
Published: December 2018

The article considers the development of a separate service for drilling in oil producing enterprises. A description of new scientific approaches and experience in solving practical problem is presented the development of the model as an applied tool to support the adoption of managerial decisions in the area of optimizing quantitative and qualitative composition of customer’s services. The application of self-norming, assessment of qualification level, modern intellectual technologies of complex estimation and ways of representation of results of calculations is substantiated.
APPROACHES TO ESTIMATING OF POTENTIAL PRODUCTIVITY OF TEXTURE-HETEROGENEOUS RESERVOIRS
Authors: Diachkov A. A.
Published: December 2018

The article analyses reservoir properties of Jurassic sediments, where there is textural non-uniformity, and estimates the role of laminated clay volume in determining the calculation parameters. The forecast of flow rates and comparison with actual data of wells operation are produced with the counting of adjusted values of permeability and thickness. It is recommended to carry out the tuning of the hydrodynamical model taking into account the division of the phase permeability by layered clay. According to the results of the performed work we can expect that complete analysis of well testing data and the core materials will allow increasing technological efficiency.
DETERMINATION OF PARAMETER SATURATION IN THERMOBARIC CONDITIONS ON UNCONSOLIDATED CORE OF CENOMANIAN DEPOSITION
Authors: Moskalenko N. Yu. , Mamyashev V. G.
Published: December 2018

The article is devoted to the study of difference between the electric properties received in atmospheric and thermobaric conditions for unconsolidated rocks. By the results of the experiments made on a unconsolidated core for dependence of parameter of saturation on coefficient of water saturation there was a reduction of values of coefficient of saturation (n) that doesn’t meet theoretical expectations. Such situation is explained by extent of consolidation of slightly cemented samples.It is shown that in the absence of necessary experiments in sheeted conditions, as the recommended equation for determination of subcalculating parameters of unconsolidated core of cenomanian deposits use of the bending-around line to the general field of points received on dependence of the P o = f ( W B) in atmospheric conditions is possible.
GEOTHERMAL ZONALITY OF OIL AND GAS BEARING DEPOSITS IN THE NORTH-WESTERN TERRITORY OF NOVOSIBIRSK REGION
Authors: Novikov D. A. , Ryzhkova S. V. , Dultsev F. F. , Chernykh A. V.
Published: December 2018

The article is devoted to the approach to geothermal zonality. The results of geothermal studies of oil and gas bearing deposits in the northern territory of Novosibirsk region and adjacent areas are presented. Geothermal zoning was carried out, and the major geothermal anomalies were determined. The features of the geothermal zonality of Mesozoic sediments in the region under investigation are first of all defined by the material composition of the Paleozoic basement, the structural arrangement, and the warming effect of ground water during its crossflows from deeper lying horizons. Formation temperatures get leveled within the boundaries of Aptian-Albian-Cenomanian sediments, and no anomalies are distinguished. The highest geothermal gradients sup to 3,6-4,6 °C/100 m and correspond to the edge zones of the development of intrusive formations of pre-Jurassic rocks. Lower gradients sup to 2,4-3,0 °C/100 m and characterize the regions, in which Paleozoic carbonate rocks occur.
FEATURES OF THE GEOLOGICAL STRUCTURE OF SEDIMENTARY COVER OF FROLOVSKAYA MEGADEPRESSION DERIVED FROM THE RESULTSOF GENERALIZATION OF GEOLOGICAL AND GEOPHYSICAL DATA
Authors: Bembel S. R. , Kobzov V. G. , Bembel R. M. , Khafizov F. Z.
Published: December 2018

The article is devoted to the features of the geological structure of Jurassic-Cretaceous deposits of Frolovskaya megadepression. These features are derived from the results of the generalization of the materials of regional seismic profiles, maps of gravity and magnetic prospecting, drilling data. The main petroleum prospects are associated with Jurassic deposits and pre-Jurassic basement. We conclude that it is necessary to intensify further researches with carrying out the entire complex of geophysical methods, including magnetic and gravity prospecting with an increased density of observations.
PORE SOLUTIONS OF MESOZOIC SEDIMENTS FROM THE WEST SIBERIAN BASIN
Authors: Chistyakova N. F.
Published: December 2018

The article deals with the analysis of the chemical composition of pore solutions pressed from terrigenous rocks at pressures of 5-10-15-400 atm. Particular attention is paid to sulfate and hydrocarbonate ions of relict water - pore solutions - indicators of the realization of the oil and gas potential of rocks containing dispersed organic matter of subaquatic origin at the stage of catagenesis.
KÜRESEL KRİZ SONRASI GELİŞMİŞ ÜLKE MERKEZ BANKALARININ NEGATİF FAİZ ORANI POLİTİKASI UYGULAMALARI: BİR DEĞERLENDİRME
Authors: BAŞTÜRK Meryem Filiz , ERTÜRK Emin
Published: December 2018

2008

Finansal krizinin ardından geleneksel politika aracı olarak kullanılan kısa

vadeli faiz oranları gelişmiş ülke merkez bankaları tarafından sıfıra yakın

düzeye indirilmiştir. Böylece kısa vadeli faiz oranının bir politika aracı

olarak uygulanma imkânı ortadan kalkmıştır. Bu durum, gelişmiş ülke merkez

bankaları arasında geleneksel olmayan para politikalarının uygulama alanını

genişletmiştir ve bu politika setine son olarak negatif faiz politikasının da

eklendiği gözlemlenmektedir. Negatif faiz politikasının amacı, merkez

bankalarında tutulan aşırı rezervleri azaltarak özel sektöre kullandırılacak

olan kaynakları arttırmak ve böylece ekonomik canlanmaya katkı sağlamaktır. Çalışmada

sıra dışı bir para politikası aracı olan negatif faiz oranı politikası

incelenmiştir. Bu doğrultuda negatif faiz oranı politikasını uygulayan merkez

bankalarının deneyimlerine yer verilmiştir. Politikanın uygulanma süresi

dikkate alındığında sonuçlarına dair kesin bir değerlendirme yapmak mümkün

değildir. Ancak geleneksel olmayan ve kısmen yaygınlaşan uygulamaların etkileri

para politikasına ilişkin güncel tartışmaları kavrayabilme açısından önem

taşımaktadır.
CEM TÖRENLERİNDE KAMBERLİK/ZÂKİRLİK GELENEĞİ: BALIKESİR ÇEPNİLERİ ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: ŞAHİN Halil İbrahim
Published: December 2018

Balıkesir

Çepnilerinin cem törenlerinde kamberlerin veya zâkirlerin rollerini belirlemeyi

hedefleyen bu makalenin verileri alan araştırmalarında kamberlik hizmetini

yürüten kaynak kişilerle yapılan görüşmeler sonucunda elde edilmiştir.

Balıkesir ve civarında yaşayan Çepnilerin cemlerindeki safhalar ve bu

safhalarda kamberlerin üstlendiği roller üzerine yoğunlaşan çalışmada

kamberlerin söyledikleri şiirler, cem düzeni içinde irdelenmiştir. Yapılan

tespit ve değerlendirmelerin neticesinde Çepni cemlerinin icra edilmesinde “dede”

adı verilen ve cem törenlerinin idaresini sağlayan kişiden sonra kamberlerin,

törenin yapılabilmesi için oldukça kilit bir öneme sahip olduğu görülmüştür.

Cem törenlerinin hazırlıklarının yapıldığı aşamalardan başlayarak cem

törenindeki ibadetlerin ve hizmetlerin yerine getirilmesinde kamberlerin icra

ettikleri nefeslerin katkısı vardır. Hatta kamberlerin icra ettikleri şiirlerin

ve müziklerin olmaması durumunda, cemdeki uygulamanın yapılması mümkün

değildir. Türk halk şiiri geleneğiyle yakın ilişki içinde bulunan kamberler,

cem törenlerinde çoğunlukla ulu ozanların şiirlerini söylemekte ve bu şiirlerde

çoğunlukla değişiklik yapmamaktadırlar. Çepni cemlerinde kamberlerin çoğunlukla

Pir Sultan Abdal, Şah Hatayî ve Kul Himmet gibi halk şairlerinin şiirlerini

icra ettikleri ve kendilerine ait şiirleri ise cem törenlerine dâhil

etmedikleri tespit edilmiştir.
DEDE KORKUT HİKÂYELERİNDE VAN GÖLÜ HAVZASI SÖZ VARLIĞI
Authors: SEVİNÇLİ Veysi
Published: December 2018

Dede
Korkut Hikâyeleri, gerek Türk edebiyatı, gerek Türk dili ve gerekse Türk tarihi
bakımından eşsiz bir öneme sahiptir. Onu bu denli başarılı ve önemli kılan, daha
başlangıçta sözlü bir edebiyat ürünü iken, neredeyse bütün Türk toplumlarında mutlaka
uyulması gereken kanun kitabı ya da yazılı olmadığı hâlde neredeyse tereddütsüz
uyulması gereken bir “anayasa” yerine konmuş olmasıdır. Ayrıca okuyucu Türk topluluklarının
nerede, nasıl, hangi şartlarda, hangi coğrafyada yaşadıkları hakkında fazlaca
bir bilgiye sahip olmasa da, bu hikâyeler sayesinde yeterince bilgi sahibi olmak
imkânına ermektedir. Hatta bu toplulukların nasıl yaşadıkları, komşuluk
ilişkilerinin neler olduğu; çocuklara, eşlere, yaşlılara; kısaca toplumun her
ferdine karşı davranışların nasıl olacağı belirtilirken, obanın örf ve âdetleri
hakkında bize çok önemli bilgiler sunulmaktadır. Bununla birlikte, eserde, aile
bağlarının sağlamlığına dikkat çekilerek; anne, baba, oğul ve eşler arasında sevgi
ve saygıya dayanan düzeyli ilişkilerden örnekler verilmektedir. XV. yüzyılın
ortalarında yazıya geçirilmiş olan bu hikâyeler, dildeki Türkçe kelimelerin
yoğunluğu bakımından paha biçilmez bir yere sahiptir. Bu eserde kullanılan dil,-bazı
ses değişiklikleri bir tarafa bırakılırsa- neredeyse bugün bile Anadolu’da
halkın konuştuğu, yabancı dillerden etkilenmemiş, halkın rahatlıkla anladığı
saf ve duru bir Türkçedir. Türk edebiyatında, Türk dilinde ve hatta Türk
tarihine bu denli köklü bir yere sahip olan böyle bir eserden coğrafyamızın da
etkilenmemesi de mümkün değildir. Hatta denebilir ki bu coğrafyada kaybolmaya
yüz tutmuş; bilinen ve yaygın anlamlarının yanında yeni anlamlar kazanan
kelimeler, bu hikâyelerde o günkü gibi aslî şekilleriyle yaşamaktadır. Dünden
bugüne etkileri, bu eserin değerini bir kat daha artırmakta; değerine değer
katmaktadır. Böylece Dede Korkut hikâyeleri, Türk topluluklarının geçmişine
ışık tuttuğu gibi, geleceklerini de aydınlatacaktır.
The logical contingency of identity
Authors: Ben-Yami Hanoch
Published: December 2018

I show that intuitive and logical considerations do not justify introducing Leibniz’s Law of the Indiscernibility of Identicals in more than a limited form, as applying to atomic formulas. Once this is accepted, it follows that Leibniz’s Law generalises to all formulas of the first-order Predicate Calculus but not to modal formulas. Among other things, identity turns out to be logically contingent.
The Nexus Between Tourism and Economic Growth: Case of Commonwealth of Independent States
Authors: SAĞLAM Yağmur , EGELİ H. Avni
Published: December 2018

In this study the relationship between tourism and economic growth examined with panel data analysis for the Commonwealth Independent States (Azerbaijan, Russian Federation, Ukraine, Armenia, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan except Uzbekistan and Tajikistan – due to lack of data) for the period between 1995 and 2015. The data has been downloaded from World Bank Development Indicators with their natural logarithmic forms. At the empirical part of the study GDP per capita annual data (%) represents economic growth and international tourism receipts (of % total export) have been chosen as an indicator of tourism sector. The model has been tested with dynamic panel data analysis. Firstly preliminary tests have been applied to be sure about the the homogeneity of series (Delta test) and the cross-section depence (CDlm test) of each individuals. After that second generation unit root test (Hadri Kurozomi-2012) used to find out the level of stationary. Durbin-H co-integration test showed that there is co-integration between variables and finally Hurlin-Dumetriscu causality test (2012) does not support tourism-led growth hypothesis. So there is one-way causality from economic growth to tourism for selected countries.
Sheep, Scab Mites, and Society: The Process and Politics of Veterinary Knowledge in Lesotho, Southern Africa, c. 1900-1933
Authors: Conz Christopher R.
Published: December 2018

This paper reconstructs a sheep-dipping campaign in Lesotho, southern Africa to explore the historical dynamics between local social and political circumstances, ecological change and veterinary knowledge. African livestock owners and the British colonial government accelerated a biological transition from local breeds to non-native merino sheep in the early 1900s to produce wool. Wool-bearing sheep ushered in Psoroptes ovis, a parasitic mite that caused the skin condition called scab. Examining colonial Lesotho's anti-scab campaign from 1903 to 1933, its politics, ideas and procedures, improves our understanding of the past and present interplay between transnational science, farmers, governments and the non-human world. This case study of sheep-dipping and the wool industry that it bolstered shows, too, how people from across the social spectrum interacted within new regulatory communities under a colonial state. These communities, fraught with social cleavages of race and class, and geared towards capitalist production, coalesced during the anti-scab campaigns and formed the political, technical and ideological foundation on which subsequent development schemes were built. Chiefs, stockowners, herders, labourers and European veterinarians too participated in various ways in this process of producing and circulating knowledge, and transforming livestock practices and policies.
Operation Teddy: A Compassionate Approach to Early HIV/AIDS Prevention Education
Authors: Ellingson Lyndall , Portis Mary
Published: December 2018

Current adolescent HIV infection rates support the need for
early HIV/AIDS prevention education. This article describes a
successful service-learning project in which undergraduate
health education students developed and taught an elementary
school HIV/AIDS prevention education curriculum that
included a compassion component involving donation of teddy
bears to community members affected with HIV/AIDS.
Tomorrow’s Headline Makers, Today: Friday Night Live Programs in Orange County
Authors: Le Michael
Published: December 2018

The Orange County Friday Night Live Programs comprise three, youth-led programs designed to foster
youth leadership skills while learning to engage in healthy lifestyles free of drugs, tobacco, and alcohol.
The three programs discussed are Friday Night Live, Club Live, and Friday Night Live Kids.
DEVELOPMENT OF COMMERCIAL FLAME RETARDANT IN UPHOLSTERY LEATHERS BY BORON DERIVATIVES
Authors: MERİÇ AÇIKEL Safiye
Published: December 2018

The production of flame retardant leather is significant for some leather types as aircraft and automotive upholstery leathers, and protective leathers as for motorcyclist jackets. For this reason, in this research it was aimed to modify effect of commercial flame retardant (CFR) on upholstery leathers treated with borax, boric acid and zinc borate. Control (group 1), 200 g/L CFR (group 2), 10 g/L borax + 60 g/L boric acid + 200 g/L CFR (group 3) and 10g/L zinc borate + 60 g/L boric acid + 200 g/L CFR (group 4) chemical solutions were applied to the leathers by padding finishing technique, and after the flame retardant application the leathers were finished with traditional finishing recipe. Flame retardant property of leathers was determined by vertical flammability (ISO 6941:2007) and limit oxygen index (LOI) (ASTM D 2863-77) fire resistance tests. In addition, the treated leathers were characterized by ATR-FTIR and SEM devices. According to LOI results, CFR CFR+borax+boric acid and CFR+zinc borate+boric acid treated groups of leather had 28.5%, 29.2% and 29.9% oxygen concentration respectively, while control sample had 27.0%. Flame retardant property of leathers was significantly enhanced by the effect of boron derivatives.
Sebaran Horizontal Konsentrasi Nitrat Dan Fosfat Anorganik Di Perairan Muara Sungai Kendal Kabupaten Kendal
Authors: Hanifah Dwi Nur , Wulandari Sri Yulina , Maslukah Lilik , Supriyantini Endang
Published: December 2018

Muara sungai Kendal banyak dimanfaatkan untuk berbagai aktivitas masyarakat seperti pemukiman penduduk, industri, pertambakan dan Tempat Pelelangan Ikan. Aktivitas masyarat di sekitar sungai Kendal akan mempengaruhi kondisi perairan di muara sungai Kendal. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan November 2017. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui sebaran konsentrasi nitrat dan fosfat anorganik secara horizontal di permukaan perairan muara sungai Kendal. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan pada 12 stasiun menggunakan metode purposive sampling dengan pertimbangan dapat mewakili wilayah muara sungai, dekat pantai, wilayah transisi dan laut. Data utama meliputi konsentrasi nitrat dan fosfat. Data pendukung meliputi suhu, salinitas, DO, pH dan kecerahan yang diukur secara langsung di lapangan, serta data yang diperoleh dari berbagai instansi terkait. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi nitrat dan fosfat semakin menurun menuju laut. Konsentrasi nitrat berkisar 2,1172 – 3,2459 µmol/l dan konsentrasi fosfat berkisar 0,1699 – 1,0437 µmol/l. Pola sebaran konsentrasi nitrat dan fosfat tidak mengikuti pola arus.

 

The estuary of Kendal is widely used for various activities such as residential, industrial, fishpond and fish auction places. Activity around the Kendal river will affect the conditions at the estuary of Kendal. This research was conducted in November 2017. The purpose of this research was to know the distribution of nitrate and inorganic phosphate concentration horizontally at surface of estuary Kendal. Sampling was conducted on 12 stations used purposive sampling method with consideration to represent the estuary, near shore, transition area and the sea. The Primary data included nitrate and phosphate concentrations. Supporting data included temperature, salinity, DO, pH and brightness measured directly in the field, as well as data obtained from various related agencies. The results showed that the concentration of nitrate and phosphate decreased toward the sea. Nitrate concentrations ranged from 2.1172 – 3.2459 µmol/l and phosphate concentrations ranged from 0.1699 – 1.0437 µmol/l. The distribution pattern of nitrate and phospate concentration did not follow the current pattern.
Application of Time-Resolved Multi-Sine Impedance Spectroscopy for Lithium-Ion Battery Characterization
Authors: Zappen Hendrik , Ringbeck Florian , Sauer Dirk Uwe
Published: December 2018

Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) is a valuable tool for the characterization of electrical, thermal and aging behavior of batteries. In this paper, an EIS measurement technique to acquire impedance spectra with high time resolution is examined, which can be used to gather impedance data during dynamic operating conditions. A theoretical analysis of the used multi-sine excitation signals is performed in detail and a practical measurement system is presented and validated. Afterwards, EIS measurements during the charging process of a lithium-ion battery are performed and discussed.
Pharmacological Strategies for Decreasing Opioid Therapy and Management of Side Effects from Chronic Use
Authors: D’Souza Genevieve , Wren Anava A. , Almgren Christina , Ross Alexandra C. , Marshall Amanda , Golianu Brenda
Published: December 2018

As awareness increases about the side effects of opioids and risks of misuse, opioid use and appropriate weaning of opioid therapies have become topics of significant clinical relevance among pediatric populations. Critically ill hospitalized neonates, children, and adolescents routinely receive opioids for analgesia and sedation as part of their hospitalization, for both acute and chronic illnesses. Opioids are frequently administered to manage pain symptoms, reduce anxiety and agitation, and diminish physiological stress responses. Opioids are also regularly prescribed to youth with chronic pain. These medications may be prescribed during the initial phase of a diagnostic workup, during an emergency room visit; as an inpatient, or on an outpatient basis. Following treatment for underlying pain conditions, it can be challenging to appropriately wean and discontinue opioid therapies. Weaning opioid therapy requires special expertise and care to avoid symptoms of increased pain, withdrawal, and agitation. To address this challenge, there have been enhanced efforts to implement opioid-reduction during pharmacological therapies for pediatric pain management. Effective pain management therapies and their outcomes in pediatrics are outside the scope of this paper. The aims of this paper were to: (1) Review the current practice of opioid-reduction during pharmacological therapies; and (2) highlight concrete opioid weaning strategies and management of opioid withdrawal.
Development and Validation of Liquid Chromatography-Based Methods to Assess the Lipophilicity of Cytotoxic Platinum(IV) Complexes
Authors: Klose Matthias , Theiner Sarah , Varbanov Hristo , Hoefer Doris , Pichler Verena , Galanski Mathea Sophia , Meier-Menches Samuel , Keppler Bernhard
Published: December 2018

Lipophilicity is a crucial parameter for drug discovery, usually determined by the logarithmic partition coefficient (Log P) between octanol and water. However, the available detection methods have restricted the widespread use of the partition coefficient in inorganic medicinal chemistry, and recent investigations have shifted towards chromatographic lipophilicity parameters, frequently without a conversion to derive Log P. As high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) instruments are readily available to research groups, a HPLC-based method is presented and validated to derive the partition coefficient of a set of 19 structurally diverse and cytotoxic platinum(IV) complexes exhibiting a dynamic range of at least four orders of magnitude. The chromatographic lipophilicity parameters φ0 and Log kw were experimentally determined for the same set of compounds, and a correlation was obtained that allows interconversion between the two lipophilicity scales, which was applied to an additional set of 34 platinum(IV) drug candidates. Thereby, a φ0 = 58 corresponds to Log P = 0. The same approaches were successfully evaluated to determine the distribution coefficient (Log D) of five ionisable platinum(IV) compounds to sample pH-dependent effects on the lipophilicity. This study provides straight-forward HPLC-based methods to determine the lipophilicity of cytotoxic platinum(IV) complexes in the form of Log P and φ0 that can be interconverted and easily expanded to other metal-based compound classes.
Deciphering the Tsunami Wave Impact and Associated Connection Forces in Open-Girder Coastal Bridges
Authors: Istrati Denis , Buckle Ian , Lomonaco Pedro , Yim Solomon
Published: December 2018

In view of the widespread damage to coastal bridges during recent tsunamis (2004 Indian Ocean and 2011 in Japan) large-scale hydrodynamic experiments of tsunami wave impact on a bridge with open girders were conducted in the Large Wave Flume at Oregon State University. The main objective was to decipher the tsunami overtopping process and associated demand on the bridge and its structural components. As described in this paper, a comprehensive analysis of the experimental data revealed that: (a) tsunami bores introduce significant slamming forces, both horizontal (Fh) and uplift (Fv), during impact on the offshore girder and overhang; these can govern the uplift demand in connections; (b) maxFh and maxFv do not always occur at the same time and contrary to recommended practice the simultaneous application of maxFh and maxFv at the center of gravity of the deck does not yield conservative estimates of the uplift demand in individual connections; (c) the offshore connections have to withstand the largest percentage of the total induced deck uplift among all connections; this can reach 91% and 124% of maxFv for bearings and columns respectively, a finding that could explain the damage sustained by these connections and one that has not been recognized to date; (e) the generation of a significant overturning moment (OTM) at the initial impact when the slamming forces are maximized, which is the main reason for the increased uplift in the offshore connections; and (f) neither maxFv nor maxOTM coincide always with the maximum demand in each connection, suggesting the need to consider multiple combinations of forces with corresponding moments or with corresponding locations of application in order to identify the governing scenario for each structural component. In addition the paper presents “tsunami demand diagrams”, which are 2D envelopes of (Fh, Fv) and (OTM, Fv) and 3D envelopes of (Fh, Fv, OTM), as visual representations of the complex variation of the tsunami loading. Furthermore, the paper reveals the existence of a complex bridge inundation mechanism that consists of three uplift phases and one downward phase, with each phase maximizing the demand in different structural components. It then develops a new physics-based methodology consisting of three load cases, which can be used by practicing engineers for the tsunami design of bridge connections, steel bearings and columns. The findings in this paper suggest the need for a paradigm shift in the assessment of tsunami risk to coastal bridges to include not just the estimation of total tsunami load on a bridge but also the distribution of this load to individual structural components that are necessary for the survival of the bridge.
A Hermite Polynomial Approach for Solving the SIR Model of Epidemics
Authors: Secer Aydin , Ozdemir Neslihan , Bayram Mustafa
Published: December 2018

In this paper, the problem of the spread of a non-fatal disease in a population is solved by using the Hermite collocation method. Mathematical modeling of the problem corresponds to a three-dimensional system of nonlinear ODEs. The presented scheme reduces the problem to a nonlinear algebraic equation system by expanding the approximate solutions by using Hermite polynomials with unknown coefficients. These coefficients of the Hermite polynomials are computed by using the matrix operations of derivatives together with the collocation method. Maple software is used to carry out the computations. In addition, comparison of our method with the Homotopy perturbation method (HPM) and Laplece-Adomian decomposition method (LADM) proves accuracy of solution.