bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of team-based learning in a doctor of physical therapy curriculum in the United States
Authors: Lein Donald H. , Lowman John D. , Eidson Christopher A. , Yuen Hon K.
Published: March 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this retrospective study was to evaluate students’ academic outcomes after implementation of the team-based learning (TBL) approach in patient/client management courses in an entry-level doctor of physical therapy (DPT) curriculum. Methods: The research design of this study involved comparing written and practical exam scores from DPT student cohorts taught with the traditional instructional methods (lecture-based) to those of students from subsequent cohorts taught using the TBL approach in two patient/client management courses: basic skills and cardiopulmonary. For this comparison, the exams used, the number of contact hours and labs, and the instructors who taught these courses remained the same during the transition between these two instructional methods (traditional vs. TBL). The average of all individual course exam scores was used for data analysis. Results: In both courses, there were no meaningful differences in the mean exam scores among students across years of cohorts receiving the same instructional method, which allowed clustering students from different years of cohorts in each course receiving the same instructional method into one group. For both courses, the mean exam score was significantly higher in the TBL group than in the traditional instruction group: basic skills course (P<0.001) and cardiopulmonary course (P<0.001).Conclusion: Student cohorts taught using the TBL approach academically outperformed those who received the traditional instructional method in both entry–level DPT patient/client management courses.
Phytochemistry and Agro-Industrial Potential of Native Oilseeds from West Africa: African Grape (Lannea microcarpa), Marula (Sclerocarya birrea), and Butter Tree (Pentadesma butyracea)
Authors: Hilou Adama , Bougma Adjima , Dicko Mamoudou
Published: March 2017

Ethnobotanical investigations on local oilseed species in Burkina Faso revealed that oils from tree oilseeds are frequently used for food, cosmetics and traditional medicine by local people. To test the bio-preservative capacity, the effect of the oilseed extracts on the stabilization of Shea butter was evaluated. Levels of bioactive phyto-components were evaluated through several methods. Some aspects of the quality of oilcakes were evaluated based on their inhibitory capacity on the endogenous digestive enzymes of cattle. For fat stabilizing quality, the extract from Lannea microcarpa Engl. & K. Krause has showed the largest increase (91.47%) in the Rancimat induction time (TIR) of Shea butter. Using DPPH and FRAP methods for prevention or scavenging of free radicals, the results evidenced the highest activity with extracts of L. microcarpa. With respect to the feed quality of the oilcakes, the IC50 obtained with α-amylase and trypsin have showed that the ethanolic extracts of Pentadesma butyracea Sabine (1824) is less toxic for cattle. These results suggest that phenolic compounds extracted from these native oilseeds, especially those of Lannea microcarpa, can be used as biological antioxidants for bio-preservation of edible fats. In addition, the by-products of the oil-extraction can be valorized as nontoxic and protein-rich oilcakes for livestock feed.
Milk’s Role as an Epigenetic Regulator in Health and Disease
Authors: Melnik Bodo , Schmitz Gerd
Published: March 2017

It is the intention of this review to characterize milk’s role as an epigenetic regulator in health and disease. Based on translational research, we identify milk as a major epigenetic modulator of gene expression of the milk recipient. Milk is presented as an epigenetic “doping system” of mammalian development. Milk exosome-derived micro-ribonucleic acids (miRNAs) that target DNA methyltransferases are implicated to play the key role in the upregulation of developmental genes such as FTO, INS, and IGF1. In contrast to miRNA-deficient infant formula, breastfeeding via physiological miRNA transfer provides the appropriate signals for adequate epigenetic programming of the newborn infant. Whereas breastfeeding is restricted to the lactation period, continued consumption of cow’s milk results in persistent epigenetic upregulation of genes critically involved in the development of diseases of civilization such as diabesity, neurodegeneration, and cancer. We hypothesize that the same miRNAs that epigenetically increase lactation, upregulate gene expression of the milk recipient via milk-derived miRNAs. It is of critical concern that persistent consumption of pasteurized cow’s milk contaminates the human food chain with bovine miRNAs, that are identical to their human analogs. Commercial interest to enhance dairy lactation performance may further increase the epigenetic miRNA burden for the milk consumer.
Variational Principle for Relative Tail Pressure
Authors: Ma Xianfeng , Chen Ercai
Published: March 2017

We introduce the relative tail pressure to establish a variational principle for continuous bundle random dynamical systems. We also show that the relative tail pressure is conserved by the principal extension.
The Complete Chloroplast Genome Sequences of Six Rehmannia Species
Authors: Zeng Shuyun , Zhou Tao , Han Kai , Yang Yanci , Zhao Jianhua , Liu Zhan-Lin
Published: March 2017

Rehmannia is a non-parasitic genus in Orobanchaceae including six species mainly distributed in central and north China. Its phylogenetic position and infrageneric relationships remain uncertain due to potential hybridization and polyploidization. In this study, we sequenced and compared the complete chloroplast genomes of six Rehmannia species using Illumina sequencing technology to elucidate the interspecific variations. Rehmannia plastomes exhibited typical quadripartite and circular structures with good synteny of gene order. The complete genomes ranged from 153,622 bp to 154,055 bp in length, including 133 genes encoding 88 proteins, 37 tRNAs, and 8 rRNAs. Three genes (rpoA, rpoC2, accD) have potentially experienced positive selection. Plastome size variation of Rehmannia was mainly ascribed to the expansion and contraction of the border regions between the inverted repeat (IR) region and the single-copy (SC) regions. Despite of the conserved structure in Rehmannia plastomes, sequence variations provide useful phylogenetic information. Phylogenetic trees of 23 Lamiales species reconstructed with the complete plastomes suggested that Rehmannia was monophyletic and sister to the clade of Lindenbergia and the parasitic taxa in Orobanchaceae. The interspecific relationships within Rehmannia were completely different with the previous studies. In future, population phylogenomic works based on plastomes are urgently needed to clarify the evolutionary history of Rehmannia.
miR-30a as Potential Therapeutics by Targeting TET1 through Regulation of Drp-1 Promoter Hydroxymethylation in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
Authors: Zhang Songzi , Liu Huizhu , Liu Yuxia , Zhang Jie , Li Hongbo , Liu Weili , Cao Guohong , Xv Pan , Zhang Jinjin , Lv Changjun , Song Xiaodong
Published: March 2017

Several recent studies have indicated that miR-30a plays critical roles in various biological processes and diseases. However, the mechanism of miR-30a participation in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) regulation is ambiguous. Our previous study demonstrated that miR-30a may function as a novel therapeutic target for lung fibrosis by blocking mitochondrial fission, which is dependent on dynamin-related protein1 (Drp-1). However, the regulatory mechanism between miR-30a and Drp-1 is yet to be investigated. Additionally, whether miR-30a can act as a potential therapeutic has not been verified in vivo. In this study, the miR-30a expression in IPF patients was evaluated. Computational analysis and a dual-luciferase reporter assay system were used to identify the target gene of miR-30a, and cell transfection was utilized to confirm this relationship. Ten–eleven translocation 1 (TET1) was validated as a direct target of miR-30a, and miR-30a mimic and inhibitor transfection significantly reduced and increased the TET1 protein expression, respectively. Further experimentation verified that the TET1 siRNA interference could inhibit Drp-1 promoter hydroxymethylation. Finally, miR-30a agomir was designed and applied to identify and validate the therapeutic effect of miR-30a in vivo. Our study demonstrated that miR-30a could inhibit TET1 expression through base pairing with complementary sites in the 3′untranslated region to regulate Drp-1 promoter hydroxymethylation. Furthermore, miR-30a could act as a potential therapeutic target for IPF.
Rotordynamic and Friction Loss Measurements on a High Speed Laval Rotor Supported by Floating Ring Bearings
Authors: Eling Rob , Te Wierik Mathys , Van Ostayen Ron , Rixen Daniel
Published: March 2017

Floating ring bearings are the commonly used type of bearing for automotive turbochargers. The automotive industry continuously investigates how to reduce the bearing friction losses and how to create silent turbochargers. Many of these studies involve creating a numerical model of the rotor-bearing system and performing validation on a test bench on which a turbocharger is driven by hot gases. This approach, however, involves many uncertainties which diminish the validity of the measurement results. In this study, we present a test setup in which these uncertainties are minimized. The measurement results show the behavior of the floating ring bearing as a function of oil feed pressure, oil feed temperature, rotor unbalance and bearing clearances. Next to an increased validity, the test setup provides measurement data with good repeatability and can therefore represent a case study which can be used for validation of rotor-bearing models.
Vibration Damping Analysis of Lightweight Structures in Machine Tools
Authors: Aggogeri Francesco , Borboni Alberto , Merlo Angelo , Pellegrini Nicola , Ricatto Raffaele
Published: March 2017

The dynamic behaviour of a machine tool (MT) directly influences the machining performance. The adoption of lightweight structures may reduce the effects of undesired vibrations and increase the workpiece quality. This paper aims to present and compare a set of hybrid materials that may be excellent candidates to fabricate the MT moving parts. The selected materials have high dynamic characteristics and capacity to dampen mechanical vibrations. In this way, starting from the kinematic model of a milling machine, this study evaluates a number of prototypes made of Al foam sandwiches (AFS), Al corrugated sandwiches (ACS) and composite materials reinforced by carbon fibres (CFRP). These prototypes represented the Z-axis ram of a commercial milling machine. The static and dynamical properties have been analysed by using both finite element (FE) simulations and experimental tests. The obtained results show that the proposed structures may be a valid alternative to the conventional materials of MT moving parts, increasing machining performance. In particular, the AFS prototype highlighted a damping ratio that is 20 times greater than a conventional ram (e.g., steel). Its application is particularly suitable to minimize unwanted oscillations during high-speed finishing operations. The results also show that the CFRP structure guarantees high stiffness with a weight reduced by 48.5%, suggesting effective applications in roughing operations, saving MT energy consumption. The ACS structure has a good trade-off between stiffness and damping and may represent a further alternative, if correctly evaluated.
Damping Characteristics of Viscoelastic Damping Structure under Coupled Condition
Authors: Wang Jun , Sun Dagang , Liu Shizhong , Zhang Xin
Published: March 2017

Temperature has an influence on damping characteristics of the viscoelastic damping structure. The change of the damping characteristics of the structure under the cycle load is a dynamic and coupled process. The hyperelastic-viscoelastic model was used to describe nonlinear deformation and viscoelasticity simultaneously. The temperature distribution and change of the damping characteristics under the coupled condition was analyzed by finite element method (FEM). The maximum value of the simulation results was in agreement with the one calculated by the formula in the literature. Dynamic stiffness and dissipated energy were obtained based on the hysteresis loop. Dynamic stiffness and dissipated energy gradually decreased with the increase of the temperature.
FUSION-Guided Hypothesis Development Leads to the Identification of N6,N6-Dimethyladenosine, a Marine-Derived AKT Pathway Inhibitor
Authors: Vaden Rachel , Oswald Nathaniel , Potts Malia , MacMillan John , White Michael
Published: March 2017

Chemicals found in nature have evolved over geological time scales to productively interact with biological molecules, and thus represent an effective resource for pharmaceutical development. Marine-derived bacteria are rich sources of chemically diverse, bioactive secondary metabolites, but harnessing this diversity for biomedical benefit is limited by challenges associated with natural product purification and determination of biochemical mechanism. Using Functional Signature Ontology (FUSION), we report the parallel isolation and characterization of a marine-derived natural product, N6,N6-dimethyladenosine, that robustly inhibits AKT signaling in a variety of non-small cell lung cancer cell lines. Upon validation of the elucidated structure by comparison with a commercially available sample, experiments were initiated to understand the small molecule’s breadth of effect in a biological setting. One such experiment, a reverse phase protein array (RPPA) analysis of >50 kinases, indicated a specific cellular response to treatment. In all, leveraging the FUSION platform allowed for the rapid generation and validation of a biological mechanism of action hypothesis for an unknown natural product and permitted accelerated purification of the bioactive component from a chemically complex fraction.
Investigation of the Mechanical Properties of the Human Osteosarcoma Cell at Different Cell Cycle Stages †
Authors: Zhang Guocheng , Fan Na , Lv Xiaoying , Liu Yiyao , Guo Jian , Yang Longxiang , Peng Bei , Jiang Hai
Published: March 2017

The mechanical properties of a single cell play substantial roles in cell mitosis, differentiation, and carcinogenesis. According to the difference of elastic modulus between the benign cell and the tumor cell, it has been shown that the mechanical properties of cells, as special biomarkers, may contribute greatly to disease diagnosis and drug screening. However, the mechanical properties of cells at different cell cycle stages are still not clear, which may mislead us when we use them as biomarkers. In this paper, the target regions of the human osteosarcoma cell were precisely scanned without causing any cell damage by using an atomic force microscopy (AFM) for the first time. Then, the elasticity properties of the human osteosarcoma cells were investigated quantitatively at various regions and cell cycle stages. The 32 × 32 resolution map of the elasticity showed that the elastic modulus of the cells at the interphase was larger than that at the telophase of mitosis. Moreover, the elastic modulus of the cell in the peripheral region was larger than that in the nuclear region of the cell. This work provides an accurate approach to measure the elasticity properties of cells at different stages of the cell cycle for further application in the disease diagnosis.
New Roads Leading to Old Destinations: Efflux Pumps as Targets to Reverse Multidrug Resistance in Bacteria
Authors: Spengler Gabriella , Kincses Annamária , Gajdács Márió , Amaral Leonard
Published: March 2017

Multidrug resistance (MDR) has appeared in response to selective pressures resulting from the incorrect use of antibiotics and other antimicrobials. This inappropriate application and mismanagement of antibiotics have led to serious problems in the therapy of infectious diseases. Bacteria can develop resistance by various mechanisms and one of the most important factors resulting in MDR is efflux pump-mediated resistance. Because of the importance of the efflux-related multidrug resistance the development of new therapeutic approaches aiming to inhibit bacterial efflux pumps is a promising way to combat bacteria having over-expressed MDR efflux systems. The definition of an efflux pump inhibitor (EPI) includes the ability to render the bacterium increasingly more sensitive to a given antibiotic or even reverse the multidrug resistant phenotype. In the recent years numerous EPIs have been developed, although so far their clinical application has not yet been achieved due to their in vivo toxicity and side effects. In this review, we aim to give a short overview of efflux mediated resistance in bacteria, EPI compounds of plant and synthetic origin, and the possible methods to investigate and screen EPI compounds in bacterial systems.
Ellagitannins of Davidia involucrata. I. Structure of Davicratinic Acid A and Effects of Davidia Tannins on Drug-Resistant Bacteria and Human Oral Squamous Cell Carcinomas
Authors: Shimozu Yuuki , Kimura Yuriko , Esumi Akari , Aoyama Hiroe , Kuroda Teruo , Sakagami Hiroshi , Hatano Tsutomu
Published: March 2017

We isolated a new ellagitannin, davicratinic acid A (5), together with four known ellagitannins, davidiin (1), granatin A (2), pedunculagin (3), and 3-O-galloylgranatin A (4), from an aqueous acetone extract of dried Davidia involucrata leaves. The known ellagitannins were identified based on spectroscopic data. The structure of davicratinic acid A (5), a monomeric ellagitannin possessing a unique, skew-boat glucopyranose core, was established based on spectroscopic data. Additionally, we examined the effects of several tannins with good yields from this plant on drug-resistant bacteria and human oral squamous cell carcinomas, and found that davidiin (1) exhibited the most potent antibacterial and antitumor properties among the tannins examined.
A Metabolomic Approach for the Discrimination of Red Ginseng Root Parts and Targeted Validation
Authors: In Gyo , Seo Hyun Kyu , Park Hee-Won , Jang Kyoung Hwa
Published: March 2017

Ginsenosides are used as existing markers of red ginseng (RG) quality, and ginsenoside ratios are also indicative of the different components of red ginseng. For the analysis and classification of ginsenoside content, red ginseng was separated into three parts, namely, main roots, lateral roots, and fine roots, and each extract was subjected to ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadruple time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QToF-MS) with multivariate statistical analysis. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed a clear discrimination between the extracts of main roots and fine roots and suggested discrimination markers (four for the main roots and five for the fine roots). The fine root markers were identified as ginsenoside. We identified two markers for the main roots of red ginseng in this study. Moreover, the contents of 22 ginsenosides were analyzed in all three components of red ginseng. Fine roots have the highest protopanaxadiol (PPD)/protopanaxatriol (PPT) ratio. The PPD group of ginsenosides, which is quantitatively dominant in fine roots, clearly distinguishes the main roots from the other parts.
A Flavone Constituent from Myoporum bontioides Induces M-Phase Cell Cycle Arrest of MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Weng Jing-Ru , Bai Li-Yuan , Lin Wei-Yu , Chiu Chang-Fang , Chen Yu-Chang , Chao Shi-Wei , Feng Chia-Hsien
Published: March 2017

Abstract: Myoporum bontioides is a traditional medicinal plant in Asia with various biological activities, including anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial characteristics. To identify the bioactive constituents from M. bontioides, a newly-identified flavone, 3,4′-dimethoxy-3′,5,7-trihydroxyflavone (compound 1), along with eight known compounds, were investigated in human MCF-7 breast cancer, SCC4 oral cancer, and THP-1 monocytic leukemia cells. Among these compounds, compound 1 exhibited the strongest antiproliferative activity with half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values ranging from 3.3 μM (MCF-7) to 8.6 μM (SCC4). Flow cytometric analysis indicated that compound 1 induced G2/M cell cycle arrest in MCF-7 cells. Mechanistic evidence suggests that the G2/M arrest could be attributable to compound 1’s modulatory effects on the phosphorylation and expression of numerous key signaling effectors, including cell division cycle 2 (CDC2), CDC25C, and p53. Notably, compound 1 downregulated the expression of histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) and HDAC4, leading to increased histone H3 acetylation and p21 upregulation. Together, these findings suggest the translational potential of compound 1 as a breast cancer treatment.
We Need Studies of the Mortality Effect of Vitamin A Supplementation, Not Surveys of Vitamin A Deficiency
Authors: Benn Christine Stabell
Published: March 2017

It is usually acknowledged that high-dose vitamin A supplementation (VAS) provides no sustained improvement in vitamin A status, and that the effect of VAS on mortality is more likely linked to its immunomodulating effects. Nonetheless, it is widely assumed that we can deduce something about the need for continuing or stopping VAS programs based on studies of the biochemical prevalence of vitamin A deficiency (VAD). This is no longer a tenable assumption. The justification for using VAS is to reduce child mortality, but there is now doubt that VAS has any effect on overall child mortality. What we need now are not surveys of VAD, but proper randomized trials to evaluate whether VAS has beneficial effects on overall child survival.
Potential Impact of Diet on Treatment Effect from Anti-TNF Drugs in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Andersen Vibeke , Hansen Axel Kornerup , Heitmann Berit Lilienthal
Published: March 2017

We wanted to investigate the current knowledge on the impact of diet on anti-TNF response in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), to identify dietary factors that warrant further investigations in relation to anti-TNF treatment response, and, finally, to discuss potential strategies for such investigations. PubMed was searched using specified search terms. One small prospective study on diet and anti-TNF treatment in 56 patients with CD found similar remission rates after 56 weeks among 32 patients with good compliance that received concomitant enteral nutrition and 24 with poor compliance that had no dietary restrictions (78% versus 67%, p = 0.51). A meta-analysis of 295 patients found higher odds of achieving clinical remission and remaining in clinical remission among patients on combination therapy with specialised enteral nutrition and Infliximab (IFX) compared with IFX monotherapy (OR 2.73; 95% CI: 1.73–4.31, p < 0.01, OR 2.93; 95% CI: 1.66–5.17, p < 0.01, respectively). In conclusion, evidence-based knowledge on impact of diet on anti-TNF treatment response for clinical use is scarce. Here we propose a mechanism by which Western style diet high in meat and low in fibre may promote colonic inflammation and potentially impact treatment response to anti-TNF drugs. Further studies using hypothesis-driven and data-driven strategies in prospective observational, animal and interventional studies are warranted.
Unusual Emission of Polystyrene-Based Alternating Copolymers Incorporating Aminobutyl Maleimide Fluorophore-Containing Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane Nanoparticles
Authors: Mohamed Mohamed , Jheng Yu-Ru , Yeh Shu-Ling , Chen Tao , Kuo Shiao-Wei
Published: March 2017

In this study, we synthesized an unusual 2-aminobutyl maleimide isobutyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (MIPOSS-NHBu) monomer lacking conventional fluorescent groups. We then prepared poly(styrene-alt-2-aminobutyl maleimide isobutyl POSS) [poly(S-alt-MIPOSS-NHBu)] and poly(4-acetoxystyrene-alt-2-aminobutyl maleimide isobutyl POSS) [poly(AS-alt-MIPOSS-NHBu)] copolymers through facile free radical copolymerizations using azobisisobutyronitrile as the initiator and tetrahydrofuran as the solvent. A poly(4-hydroxystyrene-alt-2-aminobutyl maleimide isobutyl POSS) [poly(HS-alt-MIPOSS-NHBu)] copolymer was prepared through acetoxyl hydrazinolysis of poly(AS-alt-MIPOSS-NHBu). We employed 1H, 13C, and 29Si nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; differential scanning calorimetry; and photoluminescence spectroscopy to investigate the structures and the thermal and optical properties of the monomers and novel POSS-containing alternating copolymers. Intramolecular hydrogen bonding between the amino and dihydrofuran-2,5-dione group and clustering of the locked C=O groups from the POSS nanoparticles in the MIPOSS-NHBu units restricted the intramolecular motion of the polymer chain, causing it to exhibit strong light emission. As a result, the MIPOSS-NHBu monomer and the poly(AS-alt-MIPOSS-NHBu) copolymer both have potential applicability in the detection of metal ions with good selectivity.
Competitive Stereocomplexation and Homocrystallization Behaviors in the Poly(lactide) Blends of PLLA and PDLA-PEG-PDLA with Controlled Block Length
Authors: Jing Zhanxin , Shi Xuetao , Zhang Guangcheng
Published: March 2017

Stereocomplex poly(lactide) (PLA) was obtained by solution blending of linear PLLA and PDLA-PEG-PDLA. Effects of the L/D ratios, PEG block, and PDLA block on stereocomplexation of the blends are systemically discussed. The full stereocomplex PLA can be acquired by solution blending when L/D ratios are in the range of 7/3–5/5. The experiment results demonstrated that the stereocomplex degree of PLLA/PDLA-PEG-PDLA prepared by melt blending was closely related to the PEG block and PDLA block. POM results indicated that the blends with high L/D ratio showed large disordered spherulites, and the typical Maltese cross pattern was observed as the L/D ratios decreased. The results of PEG block on the stereocomplexation of PLLA/PDLA-PEG-PDLA revealed that the PEG blocks possessed two sides: accelerating agent for the mobility of polymer chains and decreasing nucleation capacity due to their diluting effect. The effect of PDLA block on the stereocomplexation of the blends was also well investigated. The results showed that the crystallization of sc-crystallites and hc-crystallites in the PLLA/PDLA-PEG4k-PDLA blends with different PDLA blocks presents an obvious competition relationship, and this is not beneficial to the formation of sc-crystallites with increasing PDLA block. The melting behavior of PLLA/PDLA-PEG4k-PDLA with different PDLA blocks after isothermal crystallization showed that the blends could achieve full stereocomplex when the crystallization temperature exceeded 160 °C, and a crystallite with high perfection could be formed as the crystallization temperature increased. This study systemically investigated the effects of the L/D ratios, PEG block, PDLA block, and crystallization conditions on stereocomplex crystallization of PLLA/PDLA-PEG-PDLA blends, which can provide potential approaches to control the microstructure and physical performances of PLLA/PDLA-PEG-PDLA blends.
Non-Contact Surface Roughness Measurement by Implementation of a Spatial Light Modulator
Authors: Aulbach Laura , Salazar Bloise Félix , Lu Min , Koch Alexander
Published: March 2017

The surface structure, especially the roughness, has a significant influence on numerous parameters, such as friction and wear, and therefore estimates the quality of technical systems. In the last decades, a broad variety of surface roughness measurement methods were developed. A destructive measurement procedure or the lack of feasibility of online monitoring are the crucial drawbacks of most of these methods. This article proposes a new non-contact method for measuring the surface roughness that is straightforward to implement and easy to extend to online monitoring processes. The key element is a liquid-crystal-based spatial light modulator, integrated in an interferometric setup. By varying the imprinted phase of the modulator, a correlation between the imprinted phase and the fringe visibility of an interferogram is measured, and the surface roughness can be derived. This paper presents the theoretical approach of the method and first simulation and experimental results for a set of surface roughnesses. The experimental results are compared with values obtained by an atomic force microscope and a stylus profiler.
Recent Advances in Extraction and Stirring Integrated Techniques
Authors: Cárdenas Soledad , Lucena Rafael
Published: March 2017

The extraction yield of a microextraction technique depends on thermodynamic and kinetics factors. Both of these factors have been the focus of intensive research in the last few years. The extraction yield can be increased by synthesizing and using novel materials with favorable distribution constants (one of the thermodynamic factors) for target analytes. The extraction yield can also be increased by improving kinetic factors, for example, by developing new extraction modes. Microextraction techniques are usually non-exhaustive processes that work under the kinetic range. In such conditions, the improvement of the extraction kinetics necessarily improves the performance. Since the extraction yield and efficiency is related to how fast the analytes diffuse in samples, it is crucial to stir the sample during extraction. The stirring can be done with an external element or can be integrated with the extraction element in the same device. This article reviews the main recent advances in the so-called extraction/stirring integrated techniques with emphasis on their potential and promising approaches rather than in their applications.
Public Debt, Corruption and Sustainable Economic Growth
Authors: Kim Eunji , Ha Yoonhee , Kim Sangheon
Published: March 2017

There are many studies that look into the relationship between public debt and economic growth. It is hard to find, however, research addressing the role of corruption between these two variables. Noticing this vacancy in current literature, we strive to investigate the effect of corruption on the relationship between public debt and economic growth. For this purpose, the pooled ordinary least squares (OLS), fixed effects models and the dynamic panel generalized method of moments (GMM) models (Arellano-Bond, 1991) are estimated with data of 77 countries from 1990 to 2014. The empirical results show that the interaction term between public debt and corruption is statistically significant. This confirms the hypothesis that the effect of public debt on economic growth is a function of corruption. The sign of the marginal effect is negative in corrupt countries, but public debt enhances economic growth within countries that are not corrupt, i.e., highly transparent.
Marine Prasinoviruses and Their Tiny Plankton Hosts: A Review
Authors: Weynberg Karen , Allen Michael , Wilson William
Published: March 2017

Viruses play a crucial role in the marine environment, promoting nutrient recycling and biogeochemical cycling and driving evolutionary processes. Tiny marine phytoplankton called prasinophytes are ubiquitous and significant contributors to global primary production and biomass. A number of viruses (known as prasinoviruses) that infect these important primary producers have been isolated and characterised over the past decade. Here we review the current body of knowledge about prasinoviruses and their interactions with their algal hosts. Several genes, including those encoding for glycosyltransferases, methyltransferases and amino acid synthesis enzymes, which have never been identified in viruses of eukaryotes previously, have been detected in prasinovirus genomes. The host organisms are also intriguing; most recently, an immunity chromosome used by a prasinophyte in response to viral infection was discovered. In light of such recent, novel discoveries, we discuss why the cellular simplicity of prasinophytes makes for appealing model host organism–virus systems to facilitate focused and detailed investigations into the dynamics of marine viruses and their intimate associations with host species. We encourage the adoption of the prasinophyte Ostreococcus and its associated viruses as a model host–virus system for examination of cellular and molecular processes in the marine environment.
Les archives historiques : grandeur ou décadence ?
Authors: KRAKOVITCH Odile
Published: March 2017

" Historical archives " : grandeur or decadence ?

This article, an introduction to the volume, retraces the genesis and elaboration of this issue of La Gazette des Archives on " historical archives It outlines the balance of the various contributions, sums up their themes, and reviews the remedies proposed to the difficult problems with which the archivists engaged in the processing of " closed " archives groups are faced : how to escape loneliness, to work quickly and well, to shun both superficially and over-punctiliousness,to work in teams, to accept and use the modem techniques of information and publication, to multiply outside contacts. Only so, the archivist of to-day will be able to face the gigantic task which is his responsibility : managing, arranging, describing enormous bulks of yet unknown archives, making them available the general public, and giving to many people a taste not for easy and repetitive history, but for historu based on authentic sources, " true history".
Archives personnelles et familiales : statut légal et problèmes juridiques
Authors: Ducrot Ariane
Published: March 2017

Private archives : legislation and the Problems of controls.

A number of private archives are of major interest for the history of their countries of origin. The problem is how to reconcile the two contradictory requirements of keeping them within the national heritage and of respecting rights of private property. Countries have responded to this dilemma differently, according to the extent which they have favoured one or other of these requirements. The author presents the response of French legislation, comparing it with what is done in several foreign countries. She underlines the difficultes which the application of the law comes up against, and advocates incentives, by way of professional, technical and fiscal assistance to owners, rather than restrictive provisions.
Naissance et renaissance de l'archivistique française
Authors: Delmas Bruno
Published: March 2017

The Birth of Archival Science.

During the romantic period (in the earlier 19th century), the concepts, principles and methods, which still provide the foundations for contemporary archival science today, were formulated and imposed for the first time as a general standard in French administration. This formulation was carried out as a sharp break from the concepts and documentary methods for the treatment and preservation of historical archives that had been developed during the previous century of the Enlightenment. During the positivist era, archival science became essentially a science that described collections and inventories, in a perspective of historical documentation. In the twentieth century, material problems assumed a growing importance and it was in particular an archival -economy, that is to say an archival science, theoretical and applied, of acquisition, selection, classification and cataloguing, of préservation and access, that developed. In the final quarter of the twentieth century, as result of information technologies, a resurgence of documentary practices within this archivai -economy was observed. At the Ecole des Chartes, a new chair of contemporary archival science developed a fundamental archival science, based on the study of 1 record groups as entities in their own right and in their historical context, and of an analytical and systematic study of the diplomatie of contemporary documents, closely linked with the institutional and legal context. At the present time these two approaches are converging, with the evolution of the archival -economy at the international level towards a functional archival science and the necessary deepening of fundamental archival science, confronted with the commonplace use of digital documents and the great increase in their applications.
Evaluation Of The Elderly On Oral Health In The Basic Attention
Authors: Laureano Dalle Piagge Carmem Silvia , De Lima Alves Karoline , Silva Luípa Michele , Moreira Alexandre Adriana Maria , Siqueira Brasileiro Mariana De Lacerda , Silva de Oliveira Cariles , Duarte Rocha Jacqueline , Rocha Rodrigues Alves Mônica , Medeiros de Oliveira Ana Giovana , Costa Feitosa Alves Maria do Socorro , Oliveira Silva Antonia
Published: March 2017

Background: For aging healthy, the prevention and maintenance of oral health is essential in the general health of the individual. Objective: Thus, we sought to evaluate the elderly's perception of themselves, associating this information with their reported quality of life.

Methods: This is an exploratory descriptive study with a quantitative approach. It was held in the Family Health Units in the city of João Pessoa-Paraiba-Brazil, in 2015. The Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index questionnaire was used to assess the Socio Dental Indicator.

Results: Were 258 elderly, mostly female, married, who perceive their oral health positively, although they report having suffered limitations, being them physical, psychological, pain or discomfort.

Conclusion: In the face of the evidence, measures are suggested to minimize the gaps, adopting more public policies aimed at the health of the elderly. These measures will ensure better conditions of service and development of projects with the aim of providing ageing with quality of life, to this age group. The results of this study may contribute to educational actions aimed at improving the care of the elderly.
Nursing Care of Individuals in Domestic Violence Situations
Authors: Alves de Melo Rosana , De Cerqueira Rafael Letícia , Carvalho Carneiro Costa Jackline , Requião Peralva Tâmara , Souza Bezerra Cristiane , Soares Gomes Gessyka Mayara , Da Silva Sena Carla Rebeca , Cavalcante Valença Fernandes Flávia Emília , Andrade de Lacerda Lusineide Carmo , Pessoa Maciel Luciana , Alves de Lacerda Campos Maria Elda , Mola Rachel , Alencar Falcão Sobral Priscylla Helena , Grudka Lira Gerlene , De Cássia Miguelino Silva Rosa , Dos Santos Nadja Maria , Costa Araújo Ana Kariny , Coelho Leite Alana Mirelle
Published: March 2017

Objective: This study aimed to analyze the nursing care of individuals in situations of domestic violence, assisted in the hospital emergency room.

Methods: This qualitative survey was conducted in May, 2015, with fifteen nurses from hospital emergencies in Juazeiro/Bahia and Petrolina/Pernambuco. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews and analyzed by content analysis.

Results: Nurses do not see domestic violence in all its aspects, but understand the bureaucracy of services.

Conclusion: Physical structure; lack of protocols, and the little knowledge acquired during graduation, which are limiting factors when faced with the measures required in cases of violence.
On the Origin of the Flare Emission in IRIS’ SJI 2832 Filter:Balmer Continuum or Spectral Lines?
Authors: Kleint Lucia , Heinzel Petr , Krucker Säm
Published: March 2017

Continuum (“white-light,” WL) emission dominates the energetics of flares. Filter-based observations, such as the IRIS SJI 2832 filter, show WL-like brightenings during flares, but it is unclear whether the emission arises from real continuum emission or enhanced spectral lines, possibly turning into emission. The difficulty in filter-based observations, contrary to spectral observations, is to determine which processes contribute to the observed brightening during flares. Here we determine the contribution of the Balmer continuum and the spectral line emission to IRIS’ SJI 2832 emission by analyzing the appropriate passband in simultaneous IRIS NUV spectra. We find that spectral line emission can contribute up to 100% to the observed slitjaw images (SJI) emission, that the relative contributions usually temporally vary, and that the highest SJI enhancements that are observed are most likely because of the Balmer continuum. We conclude that care should be taken when calling SJI 2832 a continuum filter during flares, because the influence of the lines on the emission can be significant.
Pierre Loyer, itinéraire d’un technocrate réactionnaire de Vichy
Authors: Perrin Cédric
Published: March 2017

Pierre Loyer est l’homme qui a orchestré la politique artisanale du régime de Vichy. Après la guerre, la technocratie s’est imposée comme avant-garde de la modernisation, reléguant dans l’oubli d’autres possibles. Or, Pierre Loyer est un technocrate réactionnaire. Revenir sur son itinéraire permet de saisir cette particularité. Ingénieur catholique, Loyer parvient dès la fin des années 1920 à se construire un petite notoriété d’expert du monde de l’entreprise, partisan du corporatisme. Après 1934, il s’engage dans les ligues. Il devient l’une des plumes de l’extrême-droite catholique antisémite et antimaçonnique. En 1940, Jean Bichelonne le choisit pour diriger le Service de l’artisanat que Vichy vient de créer. Défenseur de la Révolution nationale chère au maréchal Pétain, il mène en même temps une politique d’encadrement autoritaire de l’artisanat qui conduit à un échec et à une rupture avec les artisans. Il engage également une politique de collaboration zélée et jusqu’au-boutiste avec l’occupant. Oublié en tant qu’expert après la guerre, il se recentre sur la religion. Son parcours illustre aussi celui de la droite traditionaliste catholique au xx e  siècle.
Souffrance et plaisir au travail. L’approche par la psychopathologie du travail
Authors: Dejours Christophe
Published: March 2017

À la suite d’un rapide état des lieux de la psychopathologie, l’auteur s’appuie sur les études menées dans le secteur du bâtiment et des travaux publics pour mettre au jour le potentiel aliénant des stratégies collectives de défense, pourtant nécessaires au maintien de l’équilibre psychique. Dans un deuxième temps, grâce à l’exemple du travail des pilotes de chasse, c’est au contraire le versant sublimatoire d’une autre sorte de défenses qui est mis en avant. L’auteur termine enfin en discutant le rôle de l’inconscient dans les rapports sociaux.
Les règles du métier
Authors: Cru Damien
Published: March 2017

En s’appuyant sur le cas des tailleurs de pierre, ce texte expose de façon détaillée la notion de règle de métier, ses différences d’avec les termes de loi et de règlement, ainsi que son articulation avec les notions connexes d’art de vivre et de langue de métier. Cette clarification initiale permet ensuite d’introduire la notion de collectif de métier tout en le distinguant, grâce à la règle, du rassemblement, du groupe et de la masse et d’en dégager les caractéristiques principales.
Treatment of Locked Posterior Shoulder Dislocation With Bone Defect
Authors: Khira Yousuf M. , Salama Adel M.
Published: March 2017

Locked posterior shoulder dislocation is an uncommon condition and is associated with a reverse Hill-Sachs lesion in 50% of cases. The condition is likely to occur in cases of violent trauma, seizures, or electric shock. Unrecognized dislocation with humeral head fracture affects joint function and humeral head vascularity and may lead to chronic instability, osteonecrosis, and osteoarthritis. A group of 12 patients, including 10 men and 2 women, with neglected locked posterior shoulder dislocation with a reverse Hill-Sachs lesion were treated with the modified McLaughlin technique. The added bone graft from the iliac crest was impacted in the defect and fixed with screws. Mean follow-up was 30 months (range, 24–48 months). The range of forward flexion was 150˚ to 175˚ (average, 165˚), external rotation ranged from 60˚ to 80˚ (average, 75˚), internal rotation ranged from 40˚ to 60˚ (average, 50˚), and average abduction was 150˚ (range, 145˚–160˚). The modified University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) scoring system was used for postoperative clinical evaluation. Total UCLA scores immediately postoperatively ranged from 22 to 28 points (average, 26.5 points) and averaged 30 points (range, 28–33 points) at last follow-up. No recurrence of dislocation occurred during the follow-up period. Of the study patients, 10 returned to their previous job and 2 modified their manual work. The modified McLaughlin technique with added iliac crest bone graft to fill the defect and prevent humeral head deformity is a successful technique for the treatment of patients with chronic locked posterior shoulder dislocation. [
Orthopedics.
2017; 40(3):e501–e505.]
Epiphysiodesis Screw Bending
Authors: Normandin Brett M. , Tennent David J. , Baldini Todd H. , Blanchard Alesia M. , Rhodes Jason T.
Published: March 2017

Percutaneous epiphysiodesis using transphyseal screws is a common method for treatment of limb length discrepancy and angular deformity. The authors report 3 cases of a previously unreported complication following treatment with percutaneous epiphysiodesis using transphyseal screws: bending of the transphyseal screw. In each case, this rare complication was associated with difficult removal of the screw. This retrospective case report accessed the medical records of 3 children, 2 boys and 1 girl, 9 to 14 years old. All of the children had 4.0-mm cannulated stainless steel screws ranging from 40 to 50 mm in length. Two of the patients had partially threaded and 1 had fully threaded screws with bending noted a minimum of 6 months following implantation. Additionally, each of the screws bent near the physis of the bone, which was not located at the center of the screw in every case or at the transition from threaded to nonthreaded portions in each partially threaded screw. To the authors' knowledge, these are the first reported cases of cannulated screw bending following transphyseal tibial or femoral placement for the correction of leg length or angular deformity in a pediatric population. Although the true incidence rate is unknown, screw bending following percutaneous epiphysiodesis presents complications in the hardware removal process. Further biomechanical tests should be conducted to determine the best screw design to minimize bending of transphyseal screws from physiologic growth. [
Orthopedics.
2017; 40(4):e717–e720.]
Ultra-Wide-Field Fundus Autofluorescence and Spectral-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography Findings in Syphilitic Outer Retinitis
Authors: Saleh Mohamed G. A. , Campbell John Peter , Yang Paul , Lin Phoebe
Published: March 2017

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

To determine the ultra-wide-field fundus autofluorescence (UWFFAF) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) features of syphilitic outer retinopathy (SOR).

PATIENTS AND METHODS:

Retrospective chart review.

RESULTS:

Three patients with SOR were investigated. Treatment with parenteral penicillin led to improvement of outer retinopathy, visual acuity, and symptoms. UWFFAF showed speckled hyperautofluorescence, hypoautofluorescence, and normal autofluorescence, similar to what has been described as a trizonal pattern in acute zonal occult outer retinopathy (AZOOR) in the chronic case of SOR, but with hyperautofluorescent areas in the two acute cases. OCT showed disruption of the photoreceptor outer segment ellipsoid zone and external limiting membrane, which improved after penicillin treatment, and corresponded to normalization of the hyperautofluorescent areas on UWFFAF. There was irregularity and nodular thickening of retinal pigment epithelium on OCT in areas of mottled hyperautofluorescence.

CONCLUSION:

SOR can present similarly to AZOOR on UWFFAF and should be highly suspected in cases presenting like AZOOR.

[

Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina.
2017;48:208–215.

]
Fandom, publishing, and playing the Grand Game
Authors: Solberg Andrew L. , Katz Robert S.
Published: March 2017

We explore the characteristics of fandom in the Sherlockian world and why so many people are drawn to participate in Sherlockian critical analysis.