bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Computational stabilization of T cell receptors allows pairing with antibodies to form bispecifics
Authors: Froning Karen , Maguire Jack , Sereno Arlene , Huang Flora , Chang Shawn , Weichert Kenneth , Frommelt Anton J. , Dong Jessica , Wu Xiufeng , Austin Heather , Conner Elaine M. , Fitchett Jonathan R. , Heng Aik Roy , Balasubramaniam Deepa , Hilgers Mark T. , Kuhlman Brian , Demarest Stephen J.
Published: May 2020

Recombinant T cell receptors (TCRs) can be used to redirect naïve T cells to eliminate virally infected or cancerous cells; however, they are plagued by low stability and uneven expression. Here, we use molecular modeling to identify mutations in the TCR constant domains (Cα/Cβ) that increase the unfolding temperature of Cα/Cβ by 20 °C, improve the expression of four separate α/β TCRs by 3- to 10-fold, and improve the assembly and stability of TCRs with poor intrinsic stability. The stabilizing mutations rescue the expression of TCRs destabilized through variable domain mutation. The improved stability and folding of the TCRs reduces glycosylation, perhaps through conformational stabilization that restricts access to N-linked glycosylation enzymes. The Cα/Cβ mutations enables antibody-like expression and assembly of well-behaved bispecific molecules that combine an anti-CD3 antibody with the stabilized TCR. These TCR/CD3 bispecifics can redirect T cells to kill tumor cells with target HLA/peptide on their surfaces in vitro.
Loss of wild-type p53 promotes mutant p53-driven metastasis through acquisition of survival and tumor-initiating properties
Authors: Nakayama Mizuho , Hong Chang Pyo , Oshima Hiroko , Sakai Eri , Kim Seong-Jin , Oshima Masanobu
Published: May 2020

Missense-type mutant p53 plays a tumor-promoting role through gain-of-function (GOF) mechanism. In addition, the loss of wild-type TP53 through loss of heterozygosity (LOH) is widely found in cancer cells. However, malignant progression induced by cooperation of TP53 GOF mutation and LOH remains poorly understood. Here, we show that mouse intestinal tumors carrying Trp53 GOF mutation with LOH (AKTPM/LOH) are enriched in metastatic lesions when heterozygous Trp53 mutant cells (AKTP+/M) are transplanted. We show that Trp53 LOH is required for dormant cell survival and clonal expansion of cancer cells. Moreover, AKTPM/LOH cells show an increased in vivo tumor-initiating ability compared with AKTPNull and AKTP+/M cells. RNAseq analyses reveal that inflammatory and growth factor/MAPK pathways are specifically activated in AKTPM/LOH cells, while the stem cell signature is upregulated in both AKTPM/LOH and AKTPNull cells. These results indicate that TP53/Trp53 LOH promotes TP53/Trp53 GOF mutation-driven metastasis through the activation of distinct pathway combination.
Persistent cannabis use as an independent risk factor for violent behaviors in patients with schizophrenia
Authors: Beaudoin Mélissa , Potvin Stéphane , Giguère Charles-Edouard , Discepola Sophie-Lena , Dumais Alexandre
Published: May 2020

Although recent studies have shown a moderately strong association between cannabis use and violence among people with severe mental disorders, the direction of this association has not been investigated prospectively in a population with schizophrenia. Therefore, this study aims to determine, using cross-lag models, whether a temporal relationship between cumulative cannabis use and violence exists in a population with schizophrenia. The authors reported findings covering an 18-month period from a randomized, double-blind clinical trial of antipsychotic medications for schizophrenia treatment. Among the 1460 patients enrolled in the trial, 965 were followed longitudinally. Although persistent cannabis use predicted subsequent violence, violence did not predict cannabis use. The relationship was therefore unidirectional and persisted when controlling for stimulants and alcohol use. Finally, a significant body of evidence suggests a link between persistent cannabis use and violence among people with mental illnesses. Studies to further investigate the mechanisms underlying this association should be conducted.
T cell-inducing vaccine durably prevents mucosal SHIV infection even with lower neutralizing antibody titers
Authors: Arunachalam Prabhu S. , Charles Tysheena P. , Joag Vineet , Bollimpelli Venkata S. , Scott Madeleine K. D. , Wimmers Florian , Burton Samantha L. , Labranche Celia C. , Petitdemange Caroline , Gangadhara Sailaja , Styles Tiffany M. , Quarnstrom Clare F. , Walter Korey A. , Ketas Thomas J. , Legere Traci , Jagadeesh Reddy Pradeep Babu , Kasturi Sudhir Pai , Tsai Anthony , Yeung Bertrand Z. , Gupta Shakti , Tomai Mark , Vasilakos John , Shaw George M. , Kang Chil-Yong , Moore John P. , Subramaniam Shankar , Khatri Purvesh , Montefiori David , Kozlowski Pamela A. , Derdeyn Cynthia A. , Hunter Eric , Masopust David , Amara Rama R. , Pulendran Bali
Published: May 2020

Recent efforts toward an HIV vaccine focus on inducing broadly neutralizing antibodies, but eliciting both neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) and cellular responses may be superior. Here, we immunized macaques with an HIV envelope trimer, either alone to induce nAbs, or together with a heterologous viral vector regimen to elicit nAbs and cellular immunity, including CD8+ tissue-resident memory T cells. After ten vaginal challenges with autologous virus, protection was observed in both vaccine groups at 53.3% and 66.7%, respectively. A nAb titer >300 was generally associated with protection but in the heterologous viral vector + nAb group, titers <300 were sufficient. In this group, protection was durable as the animals resisted six more challenges 5 months later. Antigen stimulation of T cells in ex vivo vaginal tissue cultures triggered antiviral responses in myeloid and CD4+ T cells. We propose that cellular immune responses reduce the threshold of nAbs required to confer superior and durable protection.
Author Correction: Intravenous C16 and angiopoietin-1 improve the efficacy of placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cell therapy for EAE
Authors: Tian Ke-wei , Zhang Yuan-yuan , Jiang Hong , Han Shu
Published: May 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Translating evidence into practice: eligibility criteria fail to eliminate clinically significant differences between real-world and study populations
Authors: Averitt Amelia J. , Weng Chunhua , Ryan Patrick , Perotte Adler
Published: May 2020

Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are regarded as the most reputable source of evidence. In some studies, factors beyond the intervention itself may contribute to the measured effect, an occurrence known as heterogeneity of treatment effect (HTE). If the RCT population differs from the real-world population on factors that induce HTE, the trials effect will not replicate. The RCTs eligibility criteria should identify the sub-population in which its evidence will replicate. However, the extent to which the eligibility criteria identify the appropriate population is unknown, which raises concerns for generalizability. We compared reported data from RCTs with real-world data from the electronic health records of a large, academic medical center that was curated according to RCT eligibility criteria. Our results show fundamental differences between the RCT population and our observational cohorts, which suggests that eligibility criteria may be insufficient for identifying the applicable real-world population in which RCT evidence will replicate.
Asynchronous mixing of kidney progenitor cells potentiates nephrogenesis in organoids
Authors: Kumar Gupta Ashwani , Sarkar Prasenjit , Wertheim Jason A. , Pan Xinchao , Carroll Thomas J. , Oxburgh Leif
Published: May 2020

A fundamental challenge in emulating kidney tissue formation through directed differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells is that kidney development is iterative, and to reproduce the asynchronous mix of differentiation states found in the fetal kidney we combined cells differentiated at different times in the same organoid. Asynchronous mixing promoted nephrogenesis, and heterochronic organoids were well vascularized when engrafted under the kidney capsule. Micro-CT and injection of a circulating vascular marker demonstrated that engrafted kidney tissue was connected to the systemic circulation by 2 weeks after engraftment. Proximal tubule glucose uptake was confirmed, but despite these promising measures of graft function, overgrowth of stromal cells prevented long-term study. We propose that this is a technical feature of the engraftment procedure rather than a specific shortcoming of the directed differentiation because kidney organoids derived from primary cells and whole embryonic kidneys develop similar stromal overgrowth when engrafted under the kidney capsule.
Structure of a cyanobacterial photosystem I surrounded by octadecameric IsiA antenna proteins
Authors: Akita Fusamichi , Nagao Ryo , Kato Koji , Nakajima Yoshiki , Yokono Makio , Ueno Yoshifumi , Suzuki Takehiro , Dohmae Naoshi , Shen Jian-Ren , Akimoto Seiji , Miyazaki Naoyuki
Published: May 2020

Iron-stress induced protein A (IsiA) is a chlorophyll-binding membrane-spanning protein in photosynthetic prokaryote cyanobacteria, and is associated with photosystem I (PSI) trimer cores, but its structural and functional significance in light harvesting remains unclear. Here we report a 2.7-Å resolution cryo-electron microscopic structure of a supercomplex between PSI core trimer and IsiA from a thermophilic cyanobacteriumThermosynechococcus vulcanus. The structure showed that 18 IsiA subunits form a closed ring surrounding a PSI trimer core. Detailed arrangement of pigments within the supercomplex, as well as molecular interactions between PSI and IsiA and among IsiAs, were resolved. Time-resolved fluorescence spectra of the PSI–IsiA supercomplex showed clear excitation-energy transfer from IsiA to PSI, strongly indicating that IsiA functions as an energy donor, but not an energy quencher, in the supercomplex. These structural and spectroscopic findings provide important insights into the excitation-energy-transfer and subunit assembly mechanisms in the PSI–IsiA supercomplex.
The role of bot squads in the political propaganda on Twitter
Authors: Caldarelli Guido , De Nicola Rocco , Del Vigna Fabio , Petrocchi Marinella , Saracco Fabio
Published: May 2020

Nowadays, Social Media are a privileged channel for news spreading, information exchange, and fact checking. Unexpectedly for many users, automated accounts, known as social bots, contribute more and more to this process of information diffusion. Using Twitter as a benchmark, we consider the traffic exchanged, over one month of observation, on the migration flux from Northern Africa to Italy. We measure the significant traffic of tweets only, by implementing an entropy-based null model that discounts the activity of users and the virality of tweets. Results show that social bots play a central role in the exchange of significant content. Indeed, not only the strongest hubs have a number of bots among their followers higher than expected, but furthermore a group of them, that can be assigned to the same political tendency, share a common set of bots as followers. The retweeting activity of such automated accounts amplifies the hubs’ messages.
Atomic-scale control of tunneling in donor-based devices
Authors: Wang Xiqiao , Wyrick Jonathan , Kashid Ranjit V. , Namboodiri Pradeep , Schmucker Scott W. , Murphy Andrew , Stewart M. D. , Silver Richard M.
Published: May 2020

Atomically precise donor-based quantum devices are a promising candidate for solid-state quantum computing and analog quantum simulations. However, critical challenges in atomically precise fabrication have meant systematic, atomic scale control of the tunneling rates and tunnel coupling has not been demonstrated. Here using a room temperature grown locking layer and precise control over the entire fabrication process, we reduce unintentional dopant movement while achieving high quality epitaxy in scanning tunnelling microscope (STM)-patterned devices. Using the Si(100)2 × 1 surface reconstruction as an atomically-precise ruler to characterize the tunnel gap in precision-patterned single electron transistors, we demonstrate the exponential scaling of the tunneling resistance on the tunnel gap as it is varied from 7 dimer rows to 16 dimer rows. We demonstrate the capability to reproducibly pattern devices with atomic precision and a donor-based fabrication process where atomic scale changes in the patterned tunnel gap result in the expected changes in the tunneling rates.
Recent advances of plasmonic nanoparticle-based optical analysis in homogeneous solution and at the single-nanoparticle level
Authors: Tian Mingce , Yuan Zhiqin , Liu Ying , Lu Chao , Ye Zhongju , Xiao Lehui
Published: May 2020

Recent advances of plasmonic nanoparticle-based optical detection systems for various analytes in homogeneous solution and at the single-nanoparticle level are summarized.
Azide functionalized porphyrin based dendritic polymers forin vivomonitoring of Hg2+ions in living cells
Authors: G. Avudaiappan , Vibija J. Mariya , K. Sreekumar
Published: May 2020

A novel porphyrin cored azide functionalised dendritic polymer used forin vivomonitoring of mercuric ions in living (normal and cancer) cells.
Optimum in the thermoelectric efficiency of nanostructured Nb-doped TiO2ceramics: from polarons to Nb–Nb dimers
Authors: Verchère Alexandre , Pailhès Stéphane , Le Floch Sylvie , Cottrino Sandrine , Debord Régis , Fantozzi Gilbert , Misra Shantanu , Candolfi Christophe , Lenoir Bertrand , Daniele Stéphane , Mishra Shashank
Published: May 2020

Thermoelectric properties of bulk nanostructured Nb-doped rutile TiO2.
Fragment-based quantum mechanical approach to biomolecules, molecular clusters, molecular crystals and liquids
Authors: Liu Jinfeng , He Xiao
Published: May 2020

To study large molecular systems beyond the system size that the current state-of-the-art ab initio electronic structure methods could handle, fragment-based quantum mechanical (QM) approaches have been developed over the past years, and proved to be efficient in dealing with large molecular systems at various ab initio levels.
The relative position of π–π interacting rings notably changes the nature of the substituent effect
Authors: Cabaleiro-Lago Enrique M. , Rodríguez-Otero Jesús , Vázquez Saulo A.
Published: May 2020

The nature of the substituent effect depends markedly on the relative position of the interacting rings. Contributions not directly related to the π–π interaction can significantly affect the observed value.
Binary counter ion effects and dielectric behavior of iodide ion conducting gel-polymer electrolytes for high-efficiency quasi-solid-state solar cells
Authors: Bandara T. M. W. J. , Senavirathna S. L. N. , Wickramasinghe H. M. N. , Vignarooban K. , De Silva L. A. , Dissanayake M. A. K. L. , Albinsson I. , Mellander B.-E.
Published: May 2020

A series of highly efficient quasi-solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) is prepared by harnessing the binary cation effect and positive effects of the selected performance enhancers of gel-polymer electrolytes.
Preventing phase segregation in mixed-halide perovskites: a perspective
Authors: Knight Alexander J. , Herz Laura M.
Published: May 2020

Halide segregation represents a severe stability problem for certain mixed-halide perovskites. Here we explore a myriad of methods for mitigating halide segregation, including several largely unexplored approaches that show significant promise.
The deoxydehydration (DODH) reaction: a versatile technology for accessing olefins from bio-based polyols
Authors: Tshibalonza Nelly Ntumba , Monbaliu Jean-Christophe M.
Published: May 2020

A review on metal-free and transition metal-based deoxydehydration (DODH) processes for the upgrading of bio-based polyols towards olefins.
Multielemental analysis of vegetable oils and fats by means of ICP-OES following a dilution and shot methodology
Authors: Martínez Santiago , Sánchez Raquel , Lefevre Johan , Todolí José-Luis
Published: May 2020

The accurate direct elemental analysis of fats and oils is accomplished according to a dilution and shot analysis method.
AF4-ICP-MS as a powerful tool for the separation of gold nanorods and nanospheres
Authors: López-Sanz Sara , Fariñas Nuria Rodríguez , Zougagh Mohammed , Martín-Doimeadios Rosa del Carmen Rodríguez , Ríos Ángel
Published: May 2020

An analytical methodology based on AF4-ICP-MS has been developed to separate gold nanorods (AuNRs) and nanospheres (AuNSs).
Synthesis and characterization of a tumor-seeking LyP-1 peptide integrated lipid–polymer composite nanoparticle
Authors: Marasini Ramesh , Nguyen Tuyen Duong Thanh , Rayamajhi Sagar , Aryal Santosh
Published: May 2020

A simple and versatile nanoformulation strategy is presented by combining the synthetic lipids, biocompatible polymer, and tumor penetrating peptide (LyP-1) into a composite nanosystem for targeted drug delivery and imaging in a single session.
UV-induced syntheses of surfactant-free precious metal nanoparticles in alkaline methanol and ethanol
Authors: Quinson Jonathan , Kacenauskaite Laura , Schröder Johanna , Simonsen Søren B. , Theil Kuhn Luise , Vosch Tom , Arenz Matthias
Published: May 2020

UV-induced reduction of precious metal precursors in alkaline mono-alcohols leads to small surfactant-free nanoparticles.
Exploration of low-melting energetic compounds: influence of substituents on melting points
Authors: Yang Rui , Dong Zhen , Ye Zhiwen
Published: May 2020

The substituent effect of low melting point compounds reduces sensitivity and improves explosive performance.
NIR-to-NIR emission on a water-soluble {Er6} and {Er3Yb3} nanosized molecular wheel
Authors: Gálico Diogo A. , Ovens Jeffrey S. , Murugesu Muralee
Published: May 2020

Lanthanide molecular clusters as near-infrared markers are highly tunable owing to the bottom-up synthetic approach. Facile synthesis, high crystallinity, water stability are all highly desirable attributes of clusters for biological and telecommunications technology.
Mutational biosynthesis to generate novel analogs of nosiheptide featuring a fluorinated indolic acid moiety
Authors: Zhang E , Guo Heng , Chen Dandan , Yang Qian , Fan Yafei , Yin Yu , Wang Wengui , Chen Daijie , Wang Shoufeng , Liu Wen
Published: May 2020

The target product 6′-fluoro-nosiheptide (6′-F-NOS), along with 6′-fluoro-nosiheptide intermediate (NOS 6′-F-NOSint), was obtained by mutational biosynthesis via 6′-fluoro-MIA feeding into mutant NosL.
Palladium-catalyzed three-component cascade arylthiolation with aryldiazonium salts as S-arylation sources
Authors: Li Jianxiao , Tang Hao , Lin Zidong , Yang Shaorong , Wu Wanqing , Jiang Huanfeng
Published: May 2020

A novel palladium-catalyzed three-component cascade arylthiolation for the assembly of 3-sulfenylindoles and 3-sulfenylbenzofurans is described, with aryldiazonium salts as the ideal S-arylation sources.
Bio-orthogonal triazolinedione (TAD) crosslinked protein nanocapsules affect protein adsorption and cell interaction
Authors: Frey Marie-Luise , Simon Johanna , Brückner Maximilian , Mailänder Volker , Morsbach Svenja , Landfester Katharina
Published: May 2020

Albumin-based protein nanocarriers obtained by TAD click chemistry have been widely exploited as drug delivery systems, since they show excellent degradability, low toxicity, but at the same time provide high loading capacity and relevant uptake into cells.
NHC-catalyzed β-specific addition of N-based nucleophiles to allenoates
Authors: Wu Wenchao , Xu Shuangli , Zhang Yan , Wang Xiu , Li Ruotong , Sun Fang , Yu Chenxia , Li Tuanjie , Wei Donghui , Yao Changsheng
Published: May 2020

N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) catalyzed reactions of nitrogenous heterocycles or trifluoromethylated acylhydrazone with allenoates gave regiospecific β-adducts. DFT calculations rationalized the origination of regio- and E/Z selectivities.
Correction: Transition metal-free aminofluorination of β,γ-unsaturated hydrazones: base-controlled regioselective synthesis of fluorinated dihydropyrazole and tetrahydropyridazine derivatives
Authors: Zhao Juan , Jiang Min , Liu Jin-Tao
Published: May 2020

Correction for ‘Transition metal-free aminofluorination of β,γ-unsaturated hydrazones: base-controlled regioselective synthesis of fluorinated dihydropyrazole and tetrahydropyridazine derivatives’ by Juan Zhao et al., Org. Chem. Front., 2018, 5, 1155–1159, DOI: 10.1039/C7QO01105A.
Penta-fluorophenol: a Smiles rearrangement-inspired cysteine-selective fluorescent probe for imaging of human glioblastoma
Authors: An Jong Min , Kang Sangrim , Huh Eugene , Kim Yejin , Lee Dahae , Jo Hyejung , Joung Joonyoung F. , Kim Veronica Jihyun , Lee Ji Yeoun , Dho Yun Sik , Jung Yuna , Hur Junho K. , Park Chan , Jung Junyang , Huh Youngbuhm , Ku Ja-Lok , Kim Sojin , Chowdhury Tamrin , Park Sungnam , Kang Jae Seung , Oh Myung Sook , Park Chul-Kee , Kim Dokyoung
Published: May 2020

A fluorescent molecular probe for the identification of glioblastoma is developed. The probe allows the tracing of the cysteine (Cys) level, which is recognized as a new biomarker of GBM.
Continuous and scalable synthesis of a porous organic cage by twin screw extrusion (TSE)
Authors: Egleston Benjamin D. , Brand Michael C. , Greenwell Francesca , Briggs Michael E. , James Stuart L. , Cooper Andrew I. , Crawford Deborah E. , Greenaway Rebecca L.
Published: May 2020

Twin screw extrusion (TSE) is demonstrated as an alternative synthetic method for preparing a prolific porous organic cage.
Metal–polydopamine framework-derived (Co)/N-doped carbon hollow nanocubes as efficient oxygen electrocatalysts
Authors: Jiang Yuanyuan , Dong Kai , Yan Xiaoying , Chen Chuanxia , Ni Pengjuan , Yang Cheng , Lu Yizhong
Published: May 2020

Well-defined (Co)/N-doped carbon hollow nanocubes with high electrocatalytic performance toward oxygen electrocatalysis are obtained.
Size of liquid metal particles influences actuation properties of a liquid crystal elastomer composite
Authors: Ford Michael J. , Palaniswamy Maduran , Ambulo Cedric P. , Ware Taylor H. , Majidi Carmel
Published: May 2020

A shape-morphing composite exhibits tunable actuation properties (stroke and force output) that are influenced by liquid metal particle size.
Ring-shaped liquid crystal structures through patterned planar photo-alignment
Authors: Berteloot Brecht , Nys Inge , Poy Guilhem , Beeckman Jeroen , Neyts Kristiaan
Published: May 2020

Ring-shaped planar photo-alignment at the surface gives rise to different 3D liquid crystal configurations in the bulk.
Runx1 up-regulates chondrocyte to osteoblast lineage commitment and promotes bone formation by enhancing both chondrogenesis and osteogenesis
Authors: Tang Chen-Yi , Chen Wei , Luo Yuan , Wu Jinjin , Zhang Yan , McVicar Abigail , McConnell Matthew , Liu Yuehua , Zhou Hou-De , Li Yi-Ping
Published: May 2020

One of the fundamental questions in bone biology is where osteoblasts originate and how osteoblast differentiation is regulated. The mechanism underlying which factors regulate chondrocyte to osteoblast lineage commitment remains unknown. Our data showed that Runt-related transcription factor 1 (Runx1) is expressed at different stages of both chondrocyte and osteoblast differentiation. Runx1 chondrocyte-specific knockout (Runx1f/fCol2α1-cre) mice exhibited impaired cartilage formation, decreased bone density, and an osteoporotic phenotype. The expressions of chondrocyte differentiation regulation genes, including Sox9, Ihh, CyclinD1, PTH1R, and hypertrophic chondrocyte marker genes including Col2α1, Runx2, MMP13, Col10α1 in the growth plate were significantly decreased in Runx1f/fCol2α1-cre mice chondrocytes. Importantly, the expression of osteoblast differentiation regulation genes including Osx, Runx2, ATF4, and osteoblast marker genes including osteocalcin (OCN) and osteopontin (OPN) were significantly decreased in the osteoblasts of Runx1f/fCol2α1-cre mice. Notably, our data showed that osteoblast differentiation regulation genes and marker genes are also expressed in chondrocytes and the expressions of these marker genes were significantly decreased in the chondrocytes of Runx1f/fCol2α1-cre mice. Our data showed that chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and promoter mapping analysis revealed that Runx1 directly binds to the Indian hedgehog homolog (Ihh) promoter to regulate its expression, indicating that Runx1 directly regulates the transcriptional expression of chondrocyte genes. Collectively, we revealed that Runx1 signals chondrocyte to osteoblast lineage commitment and promotes endochondral bone formation through enhancing both chondrogenesis and osteogenesis genes expressions, indicating Runx1 may be a therapeutic target to enhance endochondral bone formation and prevent osteoporosis fractures.
Akute Luftnot auf See durch Fehleinschätzung von Vorerkrankungen
Authors: Heblich F. , Kübler C. , Jaschke F. , Mitterhauser M. , Koehler A. , Petutschnigg B. , Kroll M.
Published: May 2020

Ein Gast eines Kreuzfahrtschiffs muss wegen akuter Atemnot aufgrund eines wahrscheinlich malignen und nach Entlastungspunktion rezidivierenden Pleuraergusses während der Reise ausgeschifft werden. Patienten wird – wie auch hier – häufig von ihren Haus- oder Fachärzten zur Teilnahme an einer geplanten Kreuzfahrt geraten, obwohl Komplikationen bestehender Grunderkrankungen im Bordhospital nicht immer umfassend behandelt werden können. Die diagnostischen und therapeutischen Möglichkeiten im Bordhospital sind gegenüber Kliniken an Land in vielen Bereichen deutlich eingeschränkt und eine Ausschiffung nicht überall erstrebenswert.
Motor Recovery of the Suprascapular Nerve after Arthroscopic Decompression in the Scapular Notch – a Systematic Review
Authors: von Knoch Marius , Frosch Stephan , Baums Mike H. , Lehmann Wolfgang
Published: May 2020

Background The suprascapular nerve can be compromised as a result of a compression syndrome in different locations. A (proximal) compression within the scapular notch can lead to dorsal shoulder pain and simultaneous weakness of the infraspinatus and supraspinatus muscles. By transection of the lig. transversum this compression syndrome can be treated. By means of a systematic review, the present work analyzes the motor recovery potential after arthroscopic decompression.

Material and Methods A systematic review of the U. S. National Library of Medicine/National Institutes of Health (PubMed) database and the Cochrane Library was performed using the PRISMA checklist. The search words used were “suprascapular” and “arthroscopic”; “suprascapular” and “arthroscopy”. Based on the evaluated literature, articles in English with at least a partial arthroscopic case series from 4 cases on and a compression syndrome of the suprascapular nerve treated with arthroscopic decompression in the scapular notch were identified. Motor recovery was described by means of EMG, clinical strength and MRI.

Results Primarily 408 hits were generated. Six articles met the inclusion criteria and were further analyzed. The number of arthroscopic cases was between 4 and a maximum of 27. The level of evidence was between III and IV. The majority of the reported clinical results were good. Motor recovery as measured by EMG was observed, recovery of full strength was not achieved in the majority of reported cases (60%), neither was regression of structural (fatty) degeneration of the muscle bellies.

Conclusion Arthroscopic decompression of the suprascapular nerve in the scapular notch provides good clinical results and considerable pain relief. However, in the majority of cases it does not lead to a complete recovery of the strength of the supra- and infraspinatus muscles. Patients should be informed about this. An early decompression after diagnosis in the event of proximal compression within the suprascapular notch combined with beginning EMG or MRI changes appears reasonable. These beginning changes should be further defined. Future studies should develop prognostic criteria for motor recovery. Awareness regarding the diagnosis needs to be improved due to the probably time-dependent irreversibility of resulting muscular weakness.
Multimodiale Therapie von Hirnmetastasen
Authors: Ahmed M. , Meier F. , Beissert S.
Published: May 2020

Das Langzeitüberleben hat sich für Patienten mit metastasiertem Melanom durch die Etablierung der zielgerichteten Therapien sowie Immuntherapien mit 5-Jahres-Überlebensraten von ca. 50 % deutlich verbessert. Hirnmetastasen stellen jedoch weiterhin eine therapeutische Herausforderung dar. In der Vergangenheit lag das mediane Überleben für Patienten mit neu diagnostizierten Hirnmetastasen bei 2 – 6 Monaten 1. Retrospektive Analysen sprechen für einen Überlebensbenefit unter multimodaler Therapie mit einer 5-Jahres-Überlebensrate von über 20 % 1.

Wir berichten über einen 50-jährigen Patienten mit multiplen symptomatischen Hirnmetastasen bei Erstdiagnose. Nach Exstirpation einer symptomatischen Metastase wurde bei BRAF-V600E-Mutation eine Systemtherapie mit dem BRAF-Inhibitor Dabrafenib in Kombination mit dem MEK-Inhibitor Trametinib eingeleitet. Hierunter zeigte sich ein rascher deutlicher Regress der zerebralen und extrazerebralen Metastasen. Nach 8 Wochen wurde die Systemtherapie auf eine Immuntherapie mit Nivolumab plus Ipilimumab umgesetzt. Kurz nach Therapieeinleitung trat ein epileptischer Anfall auf und die Hirnmetastasen zeigten sich wieder progredient. Zwei symptomatische Hirnmetastasen wurden reseziert, eine Ganzhirnradiatio mit Hippocampusschonung wurde eingeleitet und die Immuntherapie fortgesetzt. Aktuell erfolgt eine zielgerichtete Therapie mit Encorafenib und Binimetinib. 17 Monate nach Erstdiagnose befindet sich der Patient in gutem Allgemeinzustand ohne neurologische Defizite. Dieser Fallbericht bestätigt den retrospektiv beobachteten Überlebensbenefit für Patienten mit Hirnmetastasen unter multimodaler Therapie.
Das basaloide follikuläre Hamartom – eine seltene Differenzialdiagnose des Basalzellkarzinoms
Authors: Eckardt C. , Al-Gburi S. , Rauschenberg R. , Meier F. , Laske J.
Published: May 2020

Das basaloide follikuläre Hamartom nimmt unter den seltenen Differenzialdiagnosen des Basalzellkarzinoms eine wichtige Stellung ein. Es gilt die primär benigne Fehlbildung des Haarfollikels als solche zu identifizieren, um den Patienten vor unnötigen Operationen zu schützen. Wir berichten über eine 60-jährige Patientin, welche sich zur Einholung einer Zweitmeinung nach mehrfachen Voroperationen aufgrund einer vermeintlichen R1-Situation eines Basalzellkarzinoms vorstellte. In der klinischen Untersuchung fielen zahlreiche hautfarbene Papeln zentrofazial auf. In Zusammenschau von klinischem Untersuchungsbefund und Histologie konnte die Diagnose eines basaloiden follikulären Hamartoms gestellt werden. Anhand des Falles wird die Bedeutung des klinischen Untersuchungsbefundes für die Erhebung der histologischen Diagnose durch den Pathologen ersichtlich. Insbesondere bei komplexen Verläufen sollte eine Reevaluation der Diagnose erfolgen. Hierbei übt der Operateur eine entscheidende Position aus, indem er den histologischen Befund in den klinischen Kontext einfügt.
The Performance of a Dithiothreitol-Based Diagnostic System in Diagnosing Periprosthetic Joint Infection Compared to Sonication Fluid Cultures and Tissue Biopsies
Authors: Randau Thomas Martin , Molitor Ernst , Fröschen Frank Sebastian , Hörauf Achim , Kohlhof Hendrik , Scheidt Sebastian , Gravius Sascha , Hischebeth Gunnar T.
Published: May 2020

Purpose The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of a commercially available dithiothreitol (DTT) kit for routine use in diagnosing periprosthetic joint infections (PJIs) in comparison to conventional microbiological tissue specimens and sonication procedures in a maximal care hospital.

Methods We applied the DTT system in 40 consecutive cases of revision arthroplasty (23 PJIs and 17 aseptic revisions), with an exchange or a removal of components. The hardware components were split between the DTT system and the conventional sonication procedure. At least three tissue biopsies and a joint fluid specimen were sent for microbiological and histopathological analysis. Data was analysed retrospectively to compare between the different methods.

Results Cultures of the DTT fluid showed a sensitivity of 65% and specificity of 100%, as referenced to conventional microbiological cultures. Sonication had better sensitivity (75%) but lower specificity (85%). The categorical agreement of DTT cultures compared to sonication fluid cultures was 78% (31/40). Neither pathogen type, infection duration nor antibiotic pretreatment influenced the accuracy of the DTT, but a low pH in the DTT seemed to be associated with false-negative results.

Conclusion DTT was inferior in sensitivity when diagnosing PJIs compared to sonication fluid cultures and tissue biopsies. A low pH in the DTT fluid correlated with false-negative results. Nevertheless, the closed system of the DTT kit avoids contamination and false-positive results, and DTT can be an alternative where sonication is not available.
Vermeidung der Frühgeburt durch Einlage eines Zerclage-Pessars – Eine klinische retrospektive
Kohortenanalyse
Authors: Hentrich Anna , Marek Susanne , Jackisch Christian
Published: May 2020

Hintergrund Bei Auftreten einer Zervixverkürzung
<25 mm vor der 34. SSW kann gemäß der
AMWF-Leitlinie (015–025 Stand Februar 2019) die Einlage eines
Zerclage Pessars erfolgen. Die Datenlage zum Nutzen einer Pessar-Einlage zur
Vermeidung der Frühgeburtlichkeit ist allerdings kontrovers.

Material/Methoden Wir haben in unserer Klinik zwischen der 20.
und 32. SSW bei 83 Patientinnen ein Cerclage-Pessar eingelegt und supportiv
intravaginal 200 mg Progesteron appliziert und unsere Daten im
Hinblick auf die Verlängerung der Tragzeit durch diese Intervention
ausgewertet und mit der Literatur verglichen. Retrospektiv konnte das
Patientinnen-Kollektiv zur Auswertung in eine high-risk Gruppe mit einer
Zervixlänge < 15 mm und eine low-risk Gruppe
mit einer Zervixlänge zwischen 15 bis 25 mm unterteilt
werden.

Ergebnisse Unsere Daten belegen, dass bei 59% der Patientinnen
eine Frühgeburt vermieden werden konnte, bzw. die Geburt sogar zu
79% nach der 34+0 SSW erfolgte. Die Rate der
Frühgeburtlichkeit vor der 34+0 SSW lag sowohl in der
high-risk Gruppe (<15 mm Zervixlänge) als auch in
der low-risk Gruppe bei ca. 20%.

Schlussfolgerung Zusammenfassend konnte durch die Therapie mit
Progesteron und Pessar bei minimaler Nebenwirkungsrate und guter Compliance
der Patientinnen die Hospitalisierung reduziert werden. Trotz divergenter
Datenlage zu diesem Thema denken wir, dass unser Management eine
kostengünstige, die Compliance verbessernde Intervention
darstellt.
Case of Severe Acute-on-Chronic Lithium Intoxication with 8.6
mmol/l and Prompt Hemodialysis
Authors: Haussmann Robert , Donix Markus , Bauer Michael , von Bonin Simone , Lewitzka Ute
Published: May 2020

Lithium has been the gold standard in the long-term treatment of bipolar disorder for
more than 40 years 1. Due to a narrow
therapeutic index lithium intoxication still is a common but potentially avoidable
clinical problem 2. The possibility of
SILENT-syndrome (syndrome of irreversible lithium-effectuated neurotoxicity)
illustrates that prevention and optimal treatment of lithium intoxication is vitally
important 3.
Synthesis of 5-Fluoroaminobenzothiazoles
Authors: Singh Gurdial , Sharma Pooja , Bhongade Bhoomendra A. , Noolvi Malleshappa N. , Gadad Andanappa K.
Published: May 2020

A series of 5-fluoro-2-(N-substituted)aminobenzothiazoles were synthesized by intramolecular cyclisation of the corresponding thioureas, which were prepared by treatment of 4-substituted 3-fluoroanilines with appropriate isothiocyanates.
Perioperative Complications and Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Congenital Cyanotic Heart Disease Undergoing Surgery for Brain Abscess
Authors: Vimala Smita , Krishnakumar Mathangi , Goyal Amit , Sriganesh Kamath , Umamaheswara Rao G. S.
Published: May 2020

Background Brain abscess is a rare neurological complication in patients with congenital cyanotic heart disease (CCHD). Perioperative complications are high in patients with CCHD. We evaluated incidence of and risk factors for perioperative complications and their impact on clinical outcomes in patients with CCHD undergoing brain abscess surgery with monitored anesthesia care (MAC) or general anesthesia (GA).

Methods In this single-center retrospective cohort study, data were collected from consecutive patients with CCHD who presented with brain abscess and underwent surgery from January 2006 to December 2018. Data regarding demographics, type of CCHD, signs and symptoms of brain abscess and CCHD, type and duration of surgery, details of anesthesia, perioperative complications, and clinical outcomes were collected. Chi-square test was used to analyze nonparametric data and student t-test for parametric data.

Results Of the 402 patients with brain abscess, data of 34 patients with CCHD who underwent brain abscess surgery were analyzed. The mean age at presentation of brain abscess was 15.8 ± 10.8 years and duration of symptoms was 17.3 ± 15.5 days. The incidence of perioperative complications was 82.4% (28/34 patients). Seven patients (20.6%) developed perioperative cyanotic spells which led to cardiac arrest in 5 patients (14.7%) and death in 2 patients (5.9%). Patients on cardiac medications and with high heart rate had higher incidence of cyanotic spells and mortality. Technique of anesthesia did not affect cardiac and neurological outcome.

Conclusions Perioperative complications are high after brain abscess surgery in patients with CCHD. Perioperative characteristics and outcomes were similar with MAC and GA techniques.
Low-frequency noise and thermal equilibrium properties of vacancies
Authors: Beyne Sofie , Wolf Ingrid De , Tőkei Zsolt , Croes Kristof
Published: May 2020

A model explaining Lorentzian low-frequency noise spectra observed in electronic interconnects is presented. The model is based on the interaction of electrons with vacancies, whose thermodynamic equilibrium properties determine the temperature dependence of the noise. The model, therefore, allows calculating vacancy formation and migration enthalpies. It is experimentally verified on copper and tungsten interconnects; the sum of formation and migration enthalpies matches the electromigration activation energy obtained using standard accelerated tests.
Distinct domain reversal mechanisms in epitaxial and polycrystalline antiferromagnetic NiO films from high-field spin Hall magnetoresistance
Authors: Kimata Motoi , Moriyama Takahiro , Oda Kent , Ono Teruo
Published: May 2020

Magnetic-field-induced domain reversal mechanisms of antiferromagnetic (AF) NiO thin films are investigated by spin Hall magnetoresistance (SMR) measurements. The field strength dependence of SMR amplitudes is measured in epitaxial and polycrystalline NiO films. From the field-dependent behavior of SMR amplitude, two distinct domain reversal mechanisms are found for those NiO films. In the epitaxial films, the conventional monodomain formation against the destressing field due to the magneto-elastic coupling is observed. On the other hand, the thermally assisted domain reversal is dominant in the polycrystalline films. Based on our thermal assisted model, the effective values of domain pinning potential and the number of spins contributing to domain reversal in polycrystalline films are determined. These values are quite important to design AF spin memory devices. This study contributes to building a method to determine the key parameters in AF spintronics with polycrystalline thin films, which are free from the lattice mismatching problem.
Electron spin resonance with up to 20 spin sensitivity measured using a superconducting flux qubit
Authors: Budoyo Rangga P. , Kakuyanagi Kosuke , Toida Hiraku , Matsuzaki Yuichiro , Saito Shiro
Published: May 2020

We report on electron spin resonance spectroscopy measurements using a superconducting flux qubit with a sensing volume of 6 fl. The qubit is read out using a frequency-tunable Josephson bifurcation amplifier, which leads to an inferred measurement sensitivity of about 20 spins in a 1 s measurement. This sensitivity represents an order of magnitude improvement when compared to flux-qubit schemes using a direct current-superconducting quantum interference device switching readout. Furthermore, noise spectroscopy reveals that the sensitivity is limited by flicker (1/f) flux noise.
Manipulating leakage behavior via thickness in epitaxial BaZr0.35Ti0.65O3 thin film capacitors
Authors: Fan Qiaolan , Ma Chuansheng , Ma Chunrui , Lu Rui , Cheng Sheng , Liu Ming
Published: May 2020

High quality, epitaxial Ba(Zr0.35Ti0.65)O3 thin films were fabricated via radio frequency magnetron sputtering technique. The leakage current density vs electric field (J–E) tests were conducted using the device structures with Pt top electrodes and Nb-doped SrTiO3 bottom electrodes. The conduction mechanism of the films and the J–E characteristic that changed from the asymmetric structure to the relative symmetric structure were investigated. Analysis of the thin film leakage behavior suggests that, at low electric field, the conduction mechanisms are mainly bulk-limited Ohmic and space-charge-limited current. When the electric field is higher, the interface-limited Schottky emission and the Fowler–Nordheim (FN) tunneling as the dominant conduction mechanism occur for the films with a thickness below 166 nm and only FN tunneling for the films with the thickness of 300 and 400 nm. In addition, the asymmetric structure is strongly dependent on the large relative value of the Schottky barrier height between the positive and negative biases. Moreover, increasing the electric field range used to generate the bulk-limited conduction behavior and decreasing the current density induced by the interface-limited conduction through increasing the film thickness are beneficial for the films to obtain a high breakdown strength and a large energy storage density, as well as excellent efficiency.
Compositional dependence of crystallization temperatures and phase evolution in hafnia-zirconia (HfxZr1−x)O2 thin films
Authors: Hsain H. Alex , Lee Younghwan , Parsons Gregory , Jones Jacob L.
Published: May 2020

Polymorphic (HfxZr1−x)O2 (HZO) thin films exhibit ferroelectric, dielectric, and antiferroelectric properties across a wide compositional range due to the existence of orthorhombic, monoclinic, and tetragonal phases. To better understand the phase stability across the HfO2–ZrO2 compositional range, we investigate the structural evolution of HZO thin films in situ via high-temperature x-ray diffraction (HTXRD) for five different compositions [ZrO2, (Hf0.23Zr0.77)O2, (Hf0.43Zr0.57)O2, (Hf0.67Zr0.33)O2, and HfO2]. The real-time monitoring of HZO crystallization reveals a competing driving force between the tetragonal and monoclinic phase stabilities for HfO2-rich vs ZrO2-rich compositions. Additionally, we confirm an XRD peak shift toward lower 2θ with increasing temperature in ZrO2, (Hf0.23Zr0.77)O2, and (Hf0.43Zr0.57)O2 films, which we ascribe to the appearance of a metastable orthorhombic phase during heating. A monotonic trend for the onset crystallization temperature is reported for five compositions of HZO and reveals an increase in onset crystallization temperature for HfO2-rich compositions. Relative intensity fraction calculations suggest a higher fraction of monoclinic phase with increasing annealing temperature for (Hf0.67Zr0.33)O2. This study of phase stability and onset crystallization temperatures offers insight for managing the thermal budget for HZO thin films, especially for temperature-constrained processing.
Spin–orbit torque-based reconfigurable physically unclonable functions
Authors: Zhang Jian , Guo Zhe , Zhang Shuai , Cao Zhen , Li Ruofan , Cao Jiangwei , Song Min , Wan Meilin , Hong Jeongmin , You Long
Published: May 2020

The spin torque effects discovered in spintronics have a broad prospect for applications in information memory and logic devices, wherein deterministic switching is highly desired. Variations between devices originating from the fabrication process and inherently random physical features are detrimental to memory and logic devices; however, they are potential entropy sources for hardware security primitives. Here, we demonstrate two types of spin–orbit torque (SOT)-based reconfigurable physically unclonable functions (rPUFs) that are based on process-induced SOT switching current variations and SOT-induced domain wall (DW) nonlinear dynamics, respectively. The experimental results show that both rPUFs have excellent performance in terms of reliability and uniqueness, and the performance is sustained after reconfiguring. Furthermore, the DW nonlinear dynamics-based rPUF can be reconfigured for an unlimited number of times with high uniformity. We believe that our work paves a way for information security and expands the application fields of spintronics.
Detecting the out-of-time-order correlations of dynamical quantum phase transitions in a solid-state quantum simulator
Authors: Chen Bing , Hou Xianfei , Zhou Feifei , Qian Peng , Shen Heng , Xu Nanyang
Published: May 2020

Quantum many-body systems in equilibrium can be effectively characterized using the framework of quantum statistical mechanics. However, there still exist a lot of questions regarding how to understand the nonequilibrium dynamical behavior of quantum many-body systems, which are not accessible with the thermodynamic description. Experiments in quantum simulators are opening up a route toward the generation of quantum states beyond the equilibrium paradigm. As an example, in closed quantum many-body systems, dynamical quantum phase transitions act as phase transitions in time, with physical quantities becoming nonanalytic at a critical time, extending important principles such as universality to the nonequilibrium realm. Here, in a solid-state quantum simulator, we report the experimental detection of out-of-time-order correlators in the presence of nonequilibrium phase transitions with the transverse field Ising model, which are a central concept to quantify quantum information scrambling and quantum chaos. Through measuring the multiple quantum spectra, we eventually observe the buildup of quantum correlation. Further applications of this protocol could potentially enable studies of other exotic phenomena such as many-body localization and tests of the holographic duality between quantum and gravitational systems.
Developing silicon carbide for quantum spintronics
Authors: Son Nguyen T. , Anderson Christopher P. , Bourassa Alexandre , Miao Kevin C. , Babin Charles , Widmann Matthias , Niethammer Matthias , Ul Hassan Jawad , Morioka Naoya , Ivanov Ivan G. , Kaiser Florian , Wrachtrup Joerg , Awschalom David D.
Published: May 2020

In current long-distance communications, classical information carried by large numbers of particles is intrinsically robust to some transmission losses but can, therefore, be eavesdropped without notice. On the other hand, quantum communications can provide provable privacy and could make use of entanglement swapping via quantum repeaters to mitigate transmission losses. To this end, considerable effort has been spent over the last few decades toward developing quantum repeaters that combine long-lived quantum memories with a source of indistinguishable single photons. Multiple candidate optical spin qubits in the solid state, including quantum dots, rare-earth ions, and color centers in diamond and silicon carbide (SiC), have been developed. In this perspective, we give a brief overview on recent advances in developing optically active spin qubits in SiC and discuss challenges in applications for quantum repeaters and possible solutions. In view of the development of different material platforms, the perspective of SiC spin qubits in scalable quantum networks is discussed.