bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The value of pension reforms for late working life: evidence from Sweden
Authors: Focacci Chiara Natalie , Öylü Gülin , Motel-Klingebiel Andreas , Kelfve Susanne
Published: April 2023

Purpose

Driven by the aim to increase the participation of older people in the labour force and to extend people's working lives, the Swedish Parliament passed a bill in 1998 to increase the pension eligibility age from 60 to 61 years and establish a notional defined-contribution (NDC) plan. In this article, the authors investigate the impacts towards the prolongation of working lives expected from such an intervention.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors apply a multinomial probabilistic model based on Swedish registry data on the birth cohorts 1937–1938 (n = 102,826) and observe differences in exit behaviour between eligible and non-eligible individuals.

Findings

The authors find that the cohorts eligible to the pension reform exit the labour market at a later age compared to non-eligible cohorts at the 61-years cut-off. The authors also find that the effect persists in the long term. Furthermore, the authors find that both men and women are equally struck by the reform.

Originality/value

While there exist many descriptive reports and theoretical analyses on the costs and benefits of pension reforms, this study is the first one to empirically analyse the effect of the first European NDC pay-as-you go pension plan on the potential exclusion of old-aged workers.
Boosting large‐scale river connectivity restoration by planning for the presence of unrecorded barriers
Authors: Ioannidou Christina T. , Neeson Thomas M. , O'Hanley Jesse R.
Published: April 2023

Conservation decisions are invariably made with incomplete data on species’ distributions, habitats, and threats, but frameworks for allocating conservation investments rarely account for missing data. We examined how explicit consideration of missing data can boost return on investment in ecosystem restoration, focusing on the challenge of restoring aquatic ecosystem connectivity by removing dams and road crossings from rivers. A novel way of integrating the presence of unmapped barriers into a barrier optimization model was developed and applied to the U.S. state of Maine to maximize expected habitat gain for migratory fish. Failing to account for unmapped barriers during prioritization led to nearly 50% lower habitat gain than was anticipated using a conventional barrier optimization approach. Explicitly acknowledging that data are incomplete during project selection, however, boosted expected habitat gains by 20–273% on average, depending on the true number of unmapped barriers. Importantly, these gains occurred without additional data. Simply acknowledging that some barriers were unmapped, regardless of their precise number and location, improved conservation outcomes. Given incomplete data on ecosystems worldwide, our results demonstrate the value of accounting for data shortcomings during project selection.
Assessing skin microcirculation in patients at cardiovascular risk by using laser speckle contrast imaging. A narrative review
Authors: Lazaridis Antonios , Triantafyllou Areti , Mastrogiannis Konstantinos , Malliora Anastasia , Doumas Michalis , Gkaliagkousi Eugenia
Published: April 2023

Skin tissue holds a prominent role in microcirculatory research as an easily accessible vascular bed for the noninvasive evaluation of microvascular function. Skin microvascular changes have been associated to alterations in distinct target organs and vascular beds, reinforcing the hypothesis that skin microcirculation can be used as a model of generalized microvascular function. In addition, skin microvascular dysfunction has been documented in cardiovascular disease and patients of increased cardiovascular risk where it has been associated with multiple cardiovascular risk factors, rendering it a candidate surrogate marker of vascular damage. Laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI) is a noninvasive, dynamic laser technique that allows assessment of skin microvascular function (SMF) by obtaining two‐dimensional maps of the skin perfusion in real time with high spatial and temporal resolution and, most importantly, with the highest reproducibility compared to other laser methods. An ever‐increasing number of studies using LSCI is confirming evidence of impaired SMF in several cardiovascular risk groups, therefore expanding its application in microvascular research and showing its potential clinical utility. This review attempts to present the growing importance of SMF in cardiovascular research and the emergence of LSCI technique as a robust imaging modality with a promising role to explore skin microvascular physiology. After a short description of the relevant technique and its main principle of function, we have also opted to present the most up to date studies using LSCI for the investigation of SMF in patients with cardiovascular disease as well as various groups of increased cardiovascular risk.
N‐SDM: a high‐performance computing pipeline for Nested Species Distribution Modelling
Authors: Adde Antoine , Rey Pierre‐Louis , Brun Philipp , Külling Nathan , Fopp Fabian , Altermatt Florian , Broennimann Olivier , Lehmann Anthony , Petitpierre Blaise , Zimmermann Niklaus E. , Pellissier Loïc , Guisan Antoine
Published: April 2023

Predicting contemporary and future species distributions is relevant for science and decision making, yet the development of high‐resolution spatial predictions for numerous taxonomic groups and regions is limited by the scalability of available modelling tools. Uniting species distribution modelling (SDM) techniques into one high‐performance computing (HPC) pipeline, we developedN‐SDM, an SDM platform aimed at delivering reproducible outputs for standard biodiversity assessments.N‐SDMwas built around a spatially‐nested framework, intended at facilitating the combined use of species occurrence data retrieved from multiple sources and at various spatial scales.N‐SDMallows combining two models fitted with species and covariate data retrieved from global to regional scales, which is useful for addressing the issue of spatial niche truncation. The set of state‐of‐the‐art SDM features embodied inN‐SDMincludes a newly devised covariate selection procedure, five modelling algorithms, an algorithm‐specific hyperparameter grid search, and the ensemble of small‐models approach.N‐SDMis designed to be run on HPC environments, allowing the parallel processing of thousands of species at the same time. All the information required for installing and runningN‐SDMis openly available on the GitHub repositoryhttps://github.com/N‐SDM/N‐SDM.
Structural and interaction analysis of human lipocalin‐type prostaglandin D synthase with the poorly water‐soluble drug NBQX
Authors: Miyamoto Yuya , Nakatsuji Masatoshi , Yoshida Takuya , Ohkubo Tadayasu , Inui Takashi
Published: April 2023

Lipocalin‐type prostaglandin D synthase (L‐PGDS) is a secretory lipid‐transporter protein that was shown to bind a wide variety of hydrophobic ligands in vitro. Exploiting this function, we previously examined the feasibility of using L‐PGDS as a novel delivery vehicle for poorly water‐soluble drugs. However, the mechanism by which human L‐PGDS binds to poorly water‐soluble drugs is unclear. In this study, we determined the solution structure of human L‐PGDS and investigated the mechanism of L‐PGDS binding to 6‐nitro‐7‐sulfamoyl‐benzo[f]quinoxalin‐2,3‐dione (NBQX), an α‐amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methyl‐4‐isoxazole‐propionic acid receptor antagonist. NMR experiments showed that human L‐PGDS has an eight‐stranded antiparallel β‐barrel structure that forms a central cavity, a short 310‐helix and two α‐helices. Titration with NBQX was monitored using 1H‐15N HSQC spectroscopy. At higher NBQX concentrations, some cross‐peaks of the protein exhibited fast‐exchanging shifts with a curvature, indicating at least two binding sites. These residues were located in the upper portion of the cavity. Singular value decomposition analysis revealed that human L‐PGDS has two NBQX binding sites. Large chemical shift changes were observed in the H2‐helix and A‐, B‐, C‐, D‐, H‐ and I‐strands and H2‐helix upon NBQX binding. Calorimetric experiments revealed that human L‐PGDS binds two NBQX molecules with dissociation constants of 46.7 μm for primary binding and 185.0 μm for secondary binding. Molecular docking simulations indicated that these NBQX binding sites are located within the β‐barrel. These results provide new insights into the interaction between poorly water‐soluble drugs and human L‐PGDS as a drug carrier.
ForestClim—Bioclimatic variables for microclimate temperatures of European forests
Authors: Haesen Stef , Lembrechts Jonas J. , De Frenne Pieter , Lenoir Jonathan , Aalto Juha , Ashcroft Michael B. , Kopecký Martin , Luoto Miska , Maclean Ilya , Nijs Ivan , Niittynen Pekka , van den Hoogen Johan , Arriga Nicola , Brůna Josef , Buchmann Nina , Čiliak Marek , Collalti Alessio , De Lombaerde Emiel , Descombes Patrice , Gharun Mana , Goded Ignacio , Govaert Sanne , Greiser Caroline , Grelle Achim , Gruening Carsten , Hederová Lucia , Hylander Kristoffer , Kreyling Jürgen , Kruijt Bart , Macek Martin , Máliš František , Man Matěj , Manca Giovanni , Matula Radim , Meeussen Camille , Merinero Sonia , Minerbi Stefano , Montagnani Leonardo , Muffler Lena , Ogaya Romà , Penuelas Josep , Plichta Roman , Portillo‐Estrada Miguel , Schmeddes Jonas , Shekhar Ankit , Spicher Fabien , Ujházyová Mariana , Vangansbeke Pieter , Weigel Robert , Wild Jan , Zellweger Florian , Van Meerbeek Koenraad
Published: April 2023

Microclimate research gained renewed interest over the last decade and its importance for many ecological processes is increasingly being recognized. Consequently, the call for high‐resolution microclimatic temperature grids across broad spatial extents is becoming more pressing to improve ecological models. Here, we provide a new set of open‐access bioclimatic variables for microclimate temperatures of European forests at 25 × 25 m2 resolution.
A capital theory approach to migrants' views and engagement with climate adaptation in the region of origin: A qualitative study in Belgium
Authors: Van Praag Lore
Published: April 2023

Combining insights from migration and climate adaptation studies, this study examines how migrants living in Belgium contribute to climate adaptation in their region of origin, based on 29 qualitative interviews with migrants in Belgium. The findings varied considerably, depending on the region of origin, the main driver of migration and the possibility of returning. The results show that both the knowledge and capacity to contribute to climate adaptation in the region of origin depends on the forms and degrees of capital individuals have, both in the immigrant country and region of origin. Migrants with more cultural capital in the region of origin had more transnational bonding and bridging ties, resulting in more opportunities to contribute to the development of the region. However, as many of the interviewees originated from urban areas, their actions were oriented more towards waste, pollution and life domains other than climate adaptation. This contrasts with migrants with less formal cultural capital. Due to specific living conditions, they were more familiar with local climate impacts. Their transnational bonding social ties increased this knowledge and familiarity with the need for climate adaptation. Nevertheless, the high costs of integration into the immigrant society and a lack of cultural and economic capital limits this group's capacity to contribute to climate adaptation initiatives in the region of origin. Bringing the concept of ‘migrant capital’ into the study of climate adaptation fills a gap in the literature on environmental migration, and especially engages with discourses that frame migration as an adaptation strategy.
Reporting quality and risk of bias of Cochrane individual participant data meta‐analyses: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Liu Ming , Gao Ya , Yang Kelu , Cai Yitong , Xu Jianguo , Dai Dingmei , Wu Shuilin , Zhang Junhua , Tian Jinhui
Published: April 2023

Objectives

This study aimed to assess the reporting quality and risk of bias of Cochrane individual participant data meta‐analyses (IPD‐MAs).

Methods

We searched the Cochrane Library and identified the Cochrane IPD‐MAs. We used the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta‐Analyses of individual participant data (PRISMA‐IPD) assessed the reporting quality of included Cochrane IPD‐ MAs, and the Risk Of Bias In Systematic reviews (ROBIS) tool was used to assess the risk of bias. We performed stratified and correlation analyses to explore factors affecting the quality.

Results

Forty‐six Cochrane IPD‐MAs were included in our study. Twenty‐six Cochrane IPD‐MAs (56.5%) had statistical or epidemiological authors involved, and 31 (67.4%) contained only IPD data. Thirty‐five studies (76.1%) did not report whether they used 1‐stage or 2‐stage methods, and forty (87.0%) did not report the statistical techniques used for missing participant data. We found that the entire compliance reported PRISMA‐IPD items of Cochrane IPD‐MAs published after 2015 (n = 18; Mean ± SD: 26.61 ± 2.75) was higher than those studies published in 2015 and before (n = 28; Mean ± SD: 22.61 ± 4.73), the difference was statistically significant (p = 0.002). A strong positive correlation was found between the fully reported PRISMA‐IPD items and fully accordance ROBIS items (Spearman's: ρ = 0.653, p < 0.001).

Conclusions

The quality of Cochrane IPD‐MAs is not high, especially in the reporting of statistical methods. There was room for further improvement in IPD retrieval, IPD integrity and statistical analyses.
An overview of the digital occlusion technologies: Intraoral scanners, jaw tracking systems, and computerized occlusal analysis devices
Authors: Revilla‐León Marta , Kois Dean E. , Zeitler Jonathan M. , Att Wael , Kois John C.
Published: April 2023

Objectives

Within the development of digital technologies, dental professionals aim to integrate virtual diagnostic articulated casts obtained by using intraoral scanners (IOSs), the mandibular motion of the patient recorded by using an optical jaw tracking system, and the information provided by computerized occlusal analysis systems. This article describes the various digital technologies available for obtaining the digital occlusion of a patient and outlines its challenges and limitations.

Overview

The factors that influence the accuracy of the maxillomandibular relationship of diagnostic casts obtained by using IOSs are reviewed, as well as the occurrence of occlusal collisions or mesh interpenetrations. Different jaw tracking systems with varying digital technologies including ultrasonic systems, photometric devices, and artificial intelligence algorithms are reviewed. Computerized occlusal analysis systems for detecting occlusal contacts in a time sequential manner with the pressure distribution on the occlusal surfaces are reviewed.

Conclusions

Digital technologies provide powerful diagnostic and design tools for prosthodontic care. However, the accuracy of these digital technologies for acquiring and analyzing the static and dynamic occlusion need to be further analyzed.

Clinical Significance

Efficiently implementing digital technologies into dental practice requires an understanding of the limitations and state of current development of the digital acquisition methods for digitizing the static and dynamic occlusion of a patient by using IOSs, digital jaw trackers, and computerized occlusal analysis devices.
The sleep response to stress: how sleep reactivity can help us prevent insomnia and promote resilience to trauma
Authors: Reffi Anthony N. , Kalmbach David A. , Cheng Philip , Drake Christopher L.
Published: April 2023

Sleep reactivity is a predisposition to sleep disturbance during environmental perturbations, pharmacological challenges, or stressful life events. Consequently, individuals with highly reactive sleep systems are prone to insomnia disorder after a stressor, engendering risk of psychopathology and potentially impeding recovery from traumatic stress. Thus, there is tremendous value in ameliorating sleep reactivity to foster a sleep system that is robust to stress exposure, ultimately preventing insomnia and its downstream consequences. We reviewed prospective evidence for sleep reactivity as a predisposition to insomnia since our last review on the topic in 2017. We also reviewed studies investigating pre‐trauma sleep reactivity as a predictor of adverse post‐traumatic sequelae, and clinical trials that reported the effect of behavioural treatments for insomnia on mitigating sleep reactivity. Most studies measured sleep reactivity via self‐report using the Ford Insomnia Response to Stress Test (FIRST), demonstrating high scores on this scale reliably indicate a sleep system with a lower capacity to tolerate stress. Nascent evidence suggests elevated sleep reactivity prior to trauma increases the risk of negative posttraumatic outcomes, namely acute stress disorder, depression, and post‐traumatic stress disorder. Lastly, sleep reactivity appears most responsive to behavioural insomnia interventions when delivered early during the acute phase of insomnia. Overall, the literature strongly supports sleep reactivity as a premorbid vulnerability to incident acute insomnia disorder when faced with an array of biopsychosocial stressors. The FIRST identifies individuals at risk of insomnia a priori, thereby guiding early interventions toward this vulnerable population to prevent insomnia and promote resilience to adversity.
Impact of fertilizer source on the dynamics of carbon and nutrients in a podzol designated for land‐use conversion
Authors: Tingskou Richard , Unc Adrian
Published: April 2023

Boreal lands have long been considered unsuitable for agriculture. Climate change projections support a shift towards increased agricultural production in boreal ecosystems via land use conversion. Depending on the conversion protocol, the new plough layer may variably reflect the properties of different soil depths. This study assessed how adding mineral or organic fertilizer sources to distinct soil layers within ploughing depth (0–15 cm [topsoil] or 15–30 cm [subsoil]) affects nutrient uptake and crop productivity. Locally relevant organic waste fertilizers (dairy manure [DMN], recirculating aquaculture system supernatant [SUP] and slurry [RAS]), were compared against mineral fertilizer. Tall fescue was used to verify agronomic responses. Starting available nutrient concentrations were balanced as necessary with mineral N and P fertilizers. Except for NH4‐nitrogen, both soils were of apparent similar fertility (total C < 1%); unfertilized, neither could support significant plant growth. Subsoil‐based growth was fast but limited in time reflecting immediately available nutrients. Topsoil led to delayed, extended growth. This might be due to dichotomous priming effects: during the duration of the experiment up to 36% of subsoil carbon was lost, while the topsoil gained up to 49% carbon, most apparent for DMN. While RAS led to the greatest N and P acquisition efficiencies for topsoil, it had no such effect for subsoil, suggesting distinct fixation and mineralization processes. Dissimilar C cycling and nutrient acquisition for the two soil depths indicates that site‐specific considerations that include soil health parameters with commonly tested available nutrients are needed where podzols are farmed after land‐use conversion.
Tverberg's theorem for cell complexes
Authors: Hasui Sho , Kishimoto Daisuke , Takeda Masahiro , Tsutaya Mitsunobu
Published: April 2023

The topological Tverberg theorem states that any continuous map of a ‐simplex into the Euclidean ‐space maps some points from pairwise disjoint faces of the simplex to the same point whenever is a prime power. We substantially generalize this theorem to continuous maps of certain CW complexes, including simplicial ‐spheres, into the Euclidean ‐space. We also discuss the atomicity of the Tverberg property.
Discrete-Time Adaptive Fractional Nonlinear Control Using Fuzzy Rules Emulating Networks
Authors: Muñoz-Vázquez Aldo Jonathan , Treesatayapun Chidentree
Published: April 2023

The goal of this paper is to design a robust controller that relies only on input–output data to enforce robust tracking, when considering a large class of uncertain nonlinear system. The discrete-time controller is based on an adaptation approach that relies on a fractional reaching law. The feedback gain is adapted through a fuzzy inference system that emulates a neural network, providing interesting capabilities to compensate a large sort of uncertainties and unmodeled effects. The uniform ultimate boundedness of the tracking error is analyzed in the Lyapunov framework. Finally, an experimental assessment is studied to highlight the reliability of the proposed scheme.
Physical Activity Level and Specific Type of Exercises Among US Middle-Aged and Older Adults: Findings From the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Survey
Authors: Kuzmik Ashley , Boltz Marie , Kim Kyungha , Ma Yining , Weng Xingran , Wang Li
Published: April 2023

Background: This study aimed to assess physical activity level and identify specific types of exercises by sex, race/ethnicity, and age for adults 50 years and older. Methods: Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System 2013, 2015, and 2017 data were used to study US adults 50 years and older on their specific types of exercises, stratified by sex, race/ethnicity, and age. Weighted logistic regression was used to model physical exercise level and specific types of exercises. Results: The sample included 460,780 respondents. Non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic were less likely than non-Hispanic White to meet the recommended physical activity level (Odds ratio [OR] = 0.73, P < .0001 and OR = 0.96, P = .04, respectively). Walking was the most participated type of exercise, followed by gardening, for both men and women, all racial/ethnic groups, and all age groups. Non-Hispanic Blacks were more likely to participate in walking (OR = 1.19, P = .02) and less likely to participate in gardening (OR = 0.65, P < .0001) than non-Hispanic Whites. Men were more likely to engage in strenuous exercises than women. The average number of minutes on walking was the longest among all types of specific exercises. Conclusions: The types of exercises were mostly walking and gardening for adults aged 50 and older. Non-Hispanic Black adults had less physical activity than non-Hispanic White and were less likely to engage in gardening.
Effects of Mental Fatigue Induced by Stroop Task and by Social Media Use on Resistance Training Performance, Movement Velocity, Perceived Exertion, and Repetitions in Reserve: A Randomized and Double-Blind Crossover Trial
Authors: Alix-Fages Carlos , González-Cano Henar , Baz-Valle Eneko , Balsalobre-Fernández Carlos
Published: April 2023

This study aimed to explore the effects of mental fatigue (MF) induced by an incongruent Stroop task (ST) and by using social media (SM) compared to watching a documentary (control) on dynamic resistance training. Twenty-one resistance-trained males attended three identical experimental sessions with the only difference of the randomized cognitive task (ST, SM, or control). Each session consisted of (a) baseline MF and motivation visual analogue scale responses, (b) cognitive task, (c) postvisual analogue scale responses, (d) warm-up, and (e) resistance training based on three sets of bench press at 65% of one-repetition maximum till concentric failure. Number of repetitions, ratings of perceived exertion, mean velocity of repetitions, and three repetitions in reserve estimated by subjects were recorded for each set. Both ST (p < .001) and SM (p = .010) effectively induced MF, but only ST impaired the number of repetitions performed in Set 2 (p = .036) and generated higher-than-normal levels of ratings of perceived exertion even reaching significant differences compared to SM in Set 1 (p = .005). However, SM also affected neuromuscular performance by impairing movement velocity in Set 1 (p = .003). The ability of estimating three repetitions in reserve or motivation was not affected by any condition (p range = .362–.979). MF induced by ST impaired the number of repetitions performed, what seems to be mediated by higher-than-normal levels of ratings of perceived exertion. Besides, SM also impaired the ability to apply force against 65% of one-repetition maximum measured by movement velocity.
Photovoltaics at multi-terawatt scale: Waiting is not an option
Authors: Haegel Nancy M. , Verlinden Pierre , Victoria Marta , Altermatt Pietro , Atwater Harry , Barnes Teresa , Breyer Christian , Case Chris , De Wolf Stefaan , Deline Chris , Dharmrin Marwan , Dimmler Bernhard , Gloeckler Markus , Goldschmidt Jan Christoph , Hallam Brett , Haussener Sophia , Holder Burkhard , Jaeger Ulrich , Jaeger-Waldau Arnulf , Kaizuka Izumi , Kikusato Hiroshi , Kroposki Benjamin , Kurtz Sarah , Matsubara Koji , Nowak Stefan , Ogimoto Kazuhiko , Peter Christian , Peters Ian Marius , Philipps Simon , Powalla Michael , Rau Uwe , Reindl Thomas , Roumpani Maria , Sakurai Keiichiro , Schorn Christian , Schossig Peter , Schlatmann Rutger , Sinton Ron , Slaoui Abdelilah , Smith Brittany L. , Schneidewind Peter , Stanbery BJ , Topic Marko , Tumas William , Vasi Juzer , Vetter Matthias , Weber Eicke , Weeber A. W. , Weidlich Anke , Weiss Dirk , Bett Andreas W.
Published: April 2023

25% annual PV growth is possible over the next decade
America’s snake oil problem
If It Sounds Like a Quack… A Journey to the Fringes of American Medicine
Matthew Hongoltz-Hetling
PublicAffairs, 2023. 336 pp.
Authors: Kemp Christopher
Published: April 2023

An irreverent dive into “medical freedom” highlights the comedy and tragedy of medicine in the United States
Contribution of the Oral and Gastrointestinal Microbiomes to Bloodstream Infections in Leukemia Patients
Authors: McMahon Stephanie , Sahasrabhojane Pranoti , Kim Jiwoong , Franklin Samantha , Chang Chia-Chi , Jenq Robert R. , Hillhouse Andrew E. , Shelburne Samuel A. , Galloway-Peña Jessica
Published: April 2023

A major cause of mortality in hematologic malignancy patients is BSI. Previous studies have demonstrated that bacterial translocation from the GI microbiome is a major source of BSIs and is often preceded by increased levels of the infectious taxa in the GI (>30% abundance by 16S rRNA sequencing).
Whole-Genome Sequencing and Comparative Genomics Analysis of a Newly Emerged Multidrug-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolate of ST967
Authors: Sheng Jie , Cave Rory , Ter-Stepanyan Mary M. , Kotsinyan Nune , Chen Jiazhen , Zhang Li , Jiang Taijiao , Mkrtchyan Hermine V.
Published: April 2023

Whole-genome sequencing and population genetics analysis of
K. pneumoniae
are scarce from LMICs, and none has been reported for Armenia. Multilevel comparative analysis revealed that ARM01 (an isolate belonging to a newly emerged
K. pneumoniae
ST967 lineage) was genetically similar to two isolates recovered from Qatar.
An Outstandingly Rare Occurrence of Mycoviruses in Soil Strains of the Plant-Beneficial Fungi from the Genus
Trichoderma
and a Novel
Polymycoviridae
Isolate
Authors: Liu Chenchen , Jiang Xiliang , Tan Zhaoyan , Wang Rongqun , Shang Qiaoxia , Li Hongrui , Xu Shujin , Aranda Miguel A. , Wu Beilei
Published: April 2023

Although viruses infect all organisms, our knowledge of some groups of eukaryotes remains limited. For instance, the diversity of viruses infecting fungi—mycoviruses—is largely unknown.
Supplemental Material: Determining the impact of magma water contents on porphyry Cu fertility: Constraints from hydrous and nominally anhydrous mineral analyses
Authors: Huang Wenting , Xia Xiaoping , al. et
Published: April 2023

Figure S1: Representative v3(SiO4) Raman band of zircon grains from the three intrusions. Figure S2: Chondrite-normalized REE patterns of each zircon grain. Figure S3: Variations between zircon (A) Mg, (B) Fe, and (C) Al contents and the REE + Y contents. Figure S4: Scatter plots of apatite compositions. Table S1: Whole-rock major- and trace-element compositions of the three porphyries from Yulong Cu belt. Table S2: Laser Raman spectra and LA-ICP-MS trace-element compositions (in ppm) of the zircons from the three porphyries from eastern Tibet. Table S3: Water contents and O isotopic compositions of zircons from the three porphyries from eastern Tibet by SIMS. Table S4: Hf isotopic compositions of zircon from the three porphyries from eastern Tibet by MC-LA-ICP-MS. Table S5: Major- and volatile-element compositions of zircon-hosted, phenocryst-hosted, and groundmass apatites from the three porphyries in Yulong Cu belt.
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Content in the Muscles of Alien Fish Species of the Rybinsk Reservoir
Authors: Dgebuadze Yu. Yu. , Sushchik N. N. , Gerasimov Yu. V. , Solomatin Yu. I. , Gladyshev M. I.
Published: April 2023

The biochemical composition of the muscles of two fish species, European smelt Osmerus eperlanus and the Common (Caspian) kilka Clupeonella cultriventris, that were successively invaded and naturalized in the Rybinsk Reservoir in the second half of the 20th century, differs significantly in the fatty acid content. The sum content (mg/g) of eicosapentaenoic (20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic (22:6n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids in the muscle tissue of the kilka is almost four times higher than that in European smelt. Given that smelt and the kilka are similar in their ecological and morphological characteristics and do not differ significantly in the composition of their diet in the Rybinsk Reservoir, it is obvious that the observed differences primarily result from the phylogenetic aspect. The obtained data on the composition of the fatty acids of the invaders show that the replacement of one alien species with another (European smelt with the kilka) significantly changed the quality of production of an important link in the trophic web of the reservoir.
The language of vaccination campaigns during COVID-19
Authors: Vilar-Lluch Sara , McClaughlin Emma , Knight Dawn , Adolphs Svenja , Nichele Elena
Published: April 2023

Understanding what makes communication effective when designing public health messages is of key importance. This applies in particular to vaccination campaigns, which aim to encourage vaccine uptake and respond to vaccine hesitancy and dispel any myth or misinformation. This paper explores the ways in which the governments of Great Britain (England, Scotland and Wales) promoted COVID-19 vaccination as a first-line strategy and studies health message effectiveness by examining the language of official vaccination campaigns, vaccine uptake across the different nations and the health message preferences of unvaccinated and vaccine sceptic individuals. The study considers communications beginning at the first lockdown until the point when daily COVID-19 updates ended for each nation. A corpus linguistic analysis of official government COVID-19 updates is combined with a qualitative examination of the expression of evaluation in governmental discourses, feedback from a Public Involvement Panel and insights from a nationally representative survey of adults in Great Britain to explore message production and reception. Fully vaccinated, unvaccinated and sceptic respondents showed similar health messaging preferences and perceptions of health communication efficacy, but unvaccinated and sceptic participants reported lower levels of compliance for all health messages considered. These results suggest that issues in health communication are not limited to vaccination hesitancy, and that in the future, successful vaccination campaigns need to address the determining factors of public attitudes and beliefs besides communication strategies.
Surgical opioid-avoidance protocol: a postoperative pharmacological multimodal analgesic intervention in diverse patient populations
Authors: Votta-Velis Gina , Daviglus Martha L , Borgeat Alain , Beckmann Katharina , Ta Andrew Q , Parker John L , Kravets Sasha , Garcia Olga L , Pirzada Amber , Gastala Nicole , Valle Valentina , Benken Jamie J , Campara Maya , Aguiluz Gabriela , Memtsoudis Stavros G , Giulianotti Pier C , Benedetti Enrico
Published: April 2023

Introduction

This study evaluated the effect of a surgical opioid-avoidance protocol (SOAP) on postoperative pain scores. The primary goal was to demonstrate that the SOAP was as effective as the pre-existing non-SOAP (without opioid restriction) protocol by measuring postoperative pain in a diverse, opioid-naive patient population undergoing inpatient surgery across multiple surgical services.

Methods

This prospective cohort study was divided into SOAP and non-SOAP groups based on surgery date. The non-SOAP group had no opioid restrictions (n=382), while the SOAP group (n=449) used a rigorous, opioid-avoidance order set with patient and staff education regarding multimodal analgesia. A non-inferiority analysis assessed the SOAP impact on postoperative pain scores.

Results

Postoperative pain scores in the SOAP group compared with the non-SOAP group were non-inferior (95% CI: −0.58, 0.10; non-inferiority margin=−1). The SOAP group consumed fewer postoperative opioids (median=0.67 (IQR=15) vs 8.17 morphine milliequivalents (MMEs) (IQR=40.33); p<0.01) and had fewer discharge prescription opioids (median=0 (IQR=60) vs 86.4 MMEs (IQR=140.4); p<0.01).

Discussion

The SOAP was as effective as the non-SOAP group in postoperative pain scores across a diverse patient population and associated with lower postoperative opioid consumption and discharge prescription opioids.
An Energy-Efficient Clustering and Fuzzy-Based Path Selection for Flying Ad-Hoc Networks
Authors: Sugantha Priya S. , Mohanraj M.
Published: April 2023

Flying Ad-hoc Networks (FANET) allow for an ad-hoc networking among Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV), have recently gained popularity in a variety of military and non-militant applications. The existing work used the Glowworm Swarm Optimization (GSO) algorithm to create a self-organization depending on clustering technique for FANET. Owing to UAV increased mobility, network topology might vary over time, providing route discovery and maintenance is one of the most difficult tasks. And also, the network throughput is still more worsened by the network congestion. To solve this problem, the proposed work designed an energy efficient clustering and fuzzy-based path selection for FANET. In this work, initially, the clustering is performed using the UAV distance. For efficient communication and energy consumption, optimal selection of Cluster Head (CH) is performed by using Adaptive Mutation with Teaching-Learning-Based Optimization (AMTLBO) algorithm. To improve the optimal selection of CH nodes, the best fitness values are calculated. The fitness function depends on Link capacity, remaining energy and neighbor UAV distance. Next to that, nodes begin communications as well as transmit their information to their CH. Improved Fuzzy-based Routing (IFR) is introduced for improving the route discovery process. The goal is to find routes that have a high level of flying autonomy, minimal mobility, and a higher Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI). As a result, the energy usage of network is decreased, as well as the cluster’s lifespan is extended. Finally, an adaptive and reliable congestion detection mechanism is introduced to transmit the packets with congestion free path. The experimental result shows that the proposed AMTLBO system attains higher performance compared to the existing system in terms of energy usage, throughput, delay, overhead and packet delivery ratio.
Enhanced Electrochemical Delithiation of LiFePO4 in a Composite Aqueous Electrolyte for High-Performance Olivine FePO4
Authors: Zhao Qing , Zhang Shu , Li Teng , Xu Caili , Yang Jian , Qu Bing , Zhou Haiping , Feng Tingting , Wu Mengqiang
Published: April 2023

Development of delithiation methods with cost-efficiency and highly kinetic effectivity is of great importance for the preparation of diversified intercalation materials, mechanistic study, and lithium extraction from spent lithium-ion batteries. Electrochemical delithiation in aqueous electrolytes is low-cost, straightforward, and fast, but has been plagued by incomplete delithiation. To address this issue, we propose to add oxidation reagents, usually applied in chemical delithation, to traditional aqueous delithiation electrolyte. As a demonstration, herein, a Na2SO4 + Na2S2O8 composite aqueous electrolyte is used to obtain olivine FePO4 from the electrochemical delithiation of LiFePO4, and compared with the similar delithiation in Na2SO4 aqueous electrolyte. The delithiation goes completion in the composite electrolyte 79% faster than that in traditional electrolyte. The resulting olivine FePO4 exhibits integrity in terms of structure and electrochemical properties, with discharge specific capacity of 157.1 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C, constant voltage plateau of 3.37 V, and 98.8% capacity retention after 100 cycles, all comparable to the LiFePO4 starting material. Mechanistic studies show that Na2S2O8 promotes the electrochemical delithiation by providing acidic and chemically oxidative conditions.
Design of NULLMAC Protocol for Mobile Ad Hoc Network Using Adaptive Antenna Array
Authors: Subramaniam Mahendrakumar , Krishnan Vanitha , Rambabu Chunchu , Chandrasekaran Gokul , Kumar Neelam Sanjeev
Published: April 2023

Usually, omnidirectional radiation pattern antenna is used in the mobile ad hoc network (MANET) which causes neighbor node interference, consumes more power, and supports only limited range of transmission. To overcome these problems, smart antennas are used. A lot of medium access control (MAC) protocols are proposed using smart antennas. Existing works addressed various problems such as hidden terminal problem, hidden beam problem, deafness of nodes, and head of line blocking problem. However, certain factors including determination of weight vector and conveying it to the neighbor nodes for distortion-free transmission are not considered. In this study, nullifying MAC (NULLMAC) framework is proposed using an adaptive antenna array (AAA) for improving network performance in MANET. NULLMAC framework uses channel information for achieving high throughput and spatial reuse through integrated physical and MAC layer. Before the transfer of data packets, the receiver initially determines its weight vector and conveys it to the transmitter through control packets. Then, the transmitter computes its weight to nullify the dynamic receivers present in the neighborhood region to find the desired receiver. Beamformer weights are determined through channel coefficients between a transmitter-receiver pair to establish distortion-free transmission. Extensive simulations are performed using OPNET integrated with MATLAB. NULLMAC framework achieves 27.22% more throughput and 40.46% increase in signal-to-noise ratio.
Porous Titanium Scaffold: A New Design for Controlled Drug Delivery
Authors: Sadeghzade Sima , Amini Najafabadi Reza , Meysami Mohammad , Meysami Amirhossein , Khodaei Mohammad , Isfahani Taghi
Published: April 2023

Gelatin crosslinking using conventional methods is usually associated with some toxic side effects. In this research, therefore, the vacuum heating method at 10 Pascal and 140°C under different times of 8, 16, and 32 h was used to cross-link strontium-loaded gelatin microparticles with varying degrees obtained by the oil/water mixing method on titanium scaffolds by the dip-coating method to avoid toxicity and also to control the strontium release rate to the surrounding tissue. The possible phases formed on the surface of the porous titanium scaffolds, the gelatin microparticle distribution, gelatin strontium loading, and strontium release were characterized using thin film X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometer (ICP-MS) machines, respectively. The results indicated that at 600°C, the rutile phase was formed on the surface of the heat-treated titanium scaffolds. Furthermore, strontium was successfully loaded in the spherical gelatin microparticles, and the strontium-loaded gelatin microparticles were distributed uniformly on the surface of the titanium scaffolds, while the rate of the in vitro strontium release decreased by increasing the time of the gelatin microparticle vacuum-heat crosslinking, whereas at the burst release step, the in vitro strontium release rates were around 5, 4.4, and 2.5 ppm/h, for the 8, 16, and 32 h vacuum-heat cross-linked gelatin microparticles, respectively.
Hybrid Metaheuristic Model for Optimal Economic Load Dispatch in Renewable Hybrid Energy System
Authors: Miracle D. Blandina , Viral R. K. , Tiwari P. M. , Bansal Mohit
Published: April 2023

Hybrid generating systems in power networks have emerged as a result of the rapid growth of renewable infrastructure and widespread support for green energy. One of the most significant problems in designing and operating an electric power generation system is the efficient scheduling of all power generation facilities to meet the rising power demand. Economic load dispatch (ELD) is a generic procedure in the electrical power system, and the ELD in power system problems involves scheduling the power generating units to reduce cost and satisfy system constraints. Metaheuristic algorithms are gaining popularity for solving constrained ELD issues because of their larger global solution capacity, flexibility, and derivative-free construction. In this research, the ELD problem of integrated renewable resources is solved using a unique solution model based on hybrid optimization. Furthermore, this work considers multiobjectives such as total wind generation cost, total cost function of thermal units, and penalty cost function. The hybrid optimization model optimizes the power generation of thermal power plants within the maximum and minimum limitations. Additionally, the turbines are selected optimally by the hybrid optimization model to ensure the power generation of wind turbines based on the demands. The proposed hybrid optimization is a combination of particle swarm optimization (PSO) and cat swarm optimization (CSO), and the new algorithm is referred to as the particle oriented cat swarm optimization model (POCSO). Finally, the performance of the proposed work is compared to other conventional models. In particular, the cost function of POCSO is 6.25%, 6%, 11.7%, 36%, 27%, and 46.42% better than the cost function of whale optimization algorithm (WOA), elephant herd optimization (EHO), moth-flame optimization (MFO), dragonfly algorithm (DA), sealion optimization (SLnO), CSO, and PSO methods, respectively. Also, for IEEE-30 bus system, the best value of the proposed work is 7.46%, 5.41%, 16.30%, 14.88%, 17.60%, 13.86%, 15.21%, 17.49%, and 4.27% better than that of the PSO, CSO, SLnO, DA, MFO, EHO, WOA, multiagent glowworm swarm optimization (MAGSO), and Harris hawks optimization-based feed-forward neural network (HHO-FNN) methods, respectively.
An Orthodontic Approach for the Correction of Transposition along with Multiple Impacted Teeth
Authors: Gupta Sanjay Prasad , Giri Jamal , Shrestha Basanta Kumar
Published: April 2023

Impaction of teeth affects patients’ esthetics, speech, and masticatory efficiency. In addition, the transposition of teeth makes a case difficult to manage. This case report describes a case of a 14-year-old boy with the impaction of the maxillary right central incisor and canine along with the transposition of the right canine and lateral incisor. The impacted teeth were surgically exposed and guided into the arch using orthodontic traction. Likewise, the transposition was corrected orthodontically by moving the teeth to their desired position without any detrimental effect on the adjacent teeth. The patient’s esthetics and occlusion improved substantially after the orthodontic intervention.
Multielement Doped Barium Strontium Titanate Nanomaterials as Capacitors
Authors: Ruthramurthy Balachandran , Gebremedhn Kelele Kiflom , Murthy H. C. Ananda , Tan Kar Ban , Chan Kah Yoong , Muniswamy Dhanalakshmi , Tadesse Aschalew , Ghotekar Suresh
Published: April 2023

Due to the growing demand of energy and wastage of energy, there exists an interest of storing energy so that it could be utilized efficiently. Capacitors are materials designed for such an application. Ferroelectric materials are known for their application as capacitors. Of such materials, perovskites are the preferable classes of materials that have been used as capacitors. Barium strontium titanate nanomaterial is a member of perovskites which encompasses a smaller dielectric loss, elevated dielectric constant, and good thermal stability. Research studies also clarified that incorporating dopants into a barium strontium titanate nanomaterial of high dielectric materials including metal/metal oxides enhances their efficiency and effectiveness. Moreover, multielement doping or codoping has shown better dielectric properties as compared to the unidoping of BST. In this review, barium strontium titanate capacitors codoped with more than one metal/metal oxides have been studied most of which have shown that the codoped barium strontium titanate materials possess improved and sufficient dielectric properties to be utilized as capacitors. We believe that this work will have of its own contribution on understanding the doped barium strontium titanate nanomaterial by clarifying the most probable and detail reasons behind the enhancement of dielectric properties of codoped barium strontium titanate nanomaterials.
Supplementary Data from ANGPTL4-Mediated Promotion of Glycolysis Facilitates the Colonization of Fusobacterium nucleatum in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Zheng Xin , Liu Rui , Zhou Chenchen , Yu Haopeng , Luo Wanyi , Zhu Jianhui , Liu Jiaxin , Zhang Zhe , Xie Na , Peng Xian , Xu Xin , Cheng Lei , Yuan Quan , Huang Canhua , Zhou Xuedong
Published: April 2023

Supplementary Figure 1-8 (Fig. S1-8) and Supplementary Table 1 and 2 (Table. S1 and 2)
Supplementary Figure 5 from BAFF Attenuates Immunosuppressive Monocytes in the Melanoma Tumor Microenvironment
Authors: Liu Wei , Stachura Paweł , Xu Haifeng C. , Váraljai Renáta , Shinde Prashant , Ganesh Nikkitha Umesh , Mack Matthias , Van Lierop Anke , Huang Anfei , Sundaram Balamurugan , Lang Karl S. , Picard Daniel , Fischer Ute , Remke Marc , Homey Bernhard , Roesch Alexander , Häussinger Dieter , Lang Philipp A. , Borkhardt Arndt , Pandyra Aleksandra A.
Published: April 2023

Figure S5 shows the infiltration and contribution of different T cells and cytolines to the phenotypic growth differences between BAFF-expressing and control tumors
Supplementary Figure 3 from BAFF Attenuates Immunosuppressive Monocytes in the Melanoma Tumor Microenvironment
Authors: Liu Wei , Stachura Paweł , Xu Haifeng C. , Váraljai Renáta , Shinde Prashant , Ganesh Nikkitha Umesh , Mack Matthias , Van Lierop Anke , Huang Anfei , Sundaram Balamurugan , Lang Karl S. , Picard Daniel , Fischer Ute , Remke Marc , Homey Bernhard , Roesch Alexander , Häussinger Dieter , Lang Philipp A. , Borkhardt Arndt , Pandyra Aleksandra A.
Published: April 2023

Figure S3 further characterizes the differences between BAFF-expressing and control tumors
Figure 1 from Novel Oncogenic Transcription Factor Cooperation in RB-Deficient Cancer
Authors: Mandigo Amy C. , Shafi Ayesha A. , McCann Jennifer J. , Yuan Wei , Laufer Talya S. , Bogdan Denisa , Gallagher Lewis , Dylgjeri Emanuela , Semenova Galina , Vasilevskaya Irina A. , Schiewer Matthew J. , McNair Chris M. , de Bono Johann S. , Knudsen Karen E.
Published: April 2023

Supplemental Figure 1