bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Security Enhanced AODV Routing Protocol For Wireless Mesh Networks
Authors: Wang Ahuang
Published: May 2021

This thesis introduces a Security Enhanced AODV routing protocol for wireless mesh networks (WMNs). SEAODV employs Blom's  key pre-distribution scheme to compute the pairwise transient key (PTK) through the flooding of enhanced HELLO message and subsequently uses established PTK to distribute the group transient key (GTK). PTK and GTK are used for authenticating  unicast and broadcast routing message respectively. In WMNs, a  unique PTK is shared by each pair of nodes, while GTK is shared secretly between the node and all its one-hop neighbours. A message authentication code (MAC) is attached as the extension to the original AODV routing message to guarantee the message' s  authenticity and integrity in a hop-by-hop fashion. Security analysis and performance evaluation show that SEAODV is more effective in preventing identified routing attacks and outperforms ARAN and SAODV in terms of computation cost and route acquisition latency. 
In-vitro Digestion Of Fat Crystal-Stabilized Water-In-Oil Emulsions
Authors: Patel Vivekkumar
Published: May 2021

The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of surfactant type and presence of solid fat on the stability and release characteristics of water-in-oil (W/O) emulsions subjected to simulated gastrointestinal conditions. Emulsions consisting of a 20 wt% aqueous phase dispersed in canola oil were stabilized in one of four different ways: core-shell stabilization with glycerol monostearate (GMS), network stabilization using polyglycerol polyricinoleate and solid fat added to the continuous phase (PGPR-F), combined core-shell and network stabilization using glycerol monooleate and a continuous phase fat crystal network (GMO-F) and finally, a PGPR-based liquid emulsion with no added fat. The dispersed aqueous phase of all emulsions contained 1mM methylene blue (MB), which was used as a marker to quantify emulsion breakdown and release of aqueous phase cargo. Quiescent storage at 25 °C for 30 days revealed no phase separation for the GMS, GMO-F, and PGPR-F emulsions whereas the PGPR emulsion began to phase-separate 16 h following preparation. When subjected to gastric conditions, the PGPR-F emulsion showed the lowest MB release after 60 min (0.3 % of initial load) with the other emulsions showing ~ 12 % release. In duodenal conditions, the PGPRF and GMS emulsions showed the lowest MB release after 120 min of exposure (~ 0.5 %) followed by the PGPR (9.4 %) and GMO-F (14.6 %) emulsions, respectively. Emulsion photomicrographs taken prior to, and after, contact with simulated gastric and intestinal fluids showed that emulsion microstructure was an important contributor to emulsion stability. Overall, the PGPR-F emulsion was the most stable in both gastric and intestinal fluids. These results have shown that fat phase structuring is an important contributor to W/O emulsion breakdown behaviour in simulated gastrointestinal conditions.
On Predicting Rediscoveries of Software Defects
Authors: Sadat Mefta
Published: May 2021

The same defect may be rediscovered by multiple clients, causing unplanned outages and leading to reduced customer satisfaction. One solution is forcing clients to install a fix for every defect. However, this approach is economically infeasible, because it requires extra resources and increases downtime. Moreover, it may lead to regression of functionality, as new fixes may break the existing functionality. Our goal is to find a way to proactively predict defects that a client may rediscover in the future. We build a predictive model by leveraging recommender algorithms. We evaluate our approach with extracted rediscovery data from four groups of large-scale open source software projects (namely, Eclipse, Gentoo, KDE, and Libre) and one enterprise software. The datasets contain information about ⇡ 1.33 million unique defect reports over a period of 18 years (1999-2017). Our proposed approach may help in understanding the defect rediscovery phenomenon, leading to improvement of software quality and customer satisfaction.
Blood platelet bank inventory management: an approximate dynamic programming approach
Authors: Albdulwahab Usama S.
Published: May 2021

Blood platelets are precious and highly perishable; their supply and demand suffer from significant
variation. Consequently, the inventory management of platelets is an actual, contemporary prob-
lem of considerable human interest. Although many researchers have solved a plethora of inventory
models, their solutions have faced various challenges. This dissertation models some of these chal-
lenges, alongside expenses and stock levels. This dissertation is based on four key objectives: (1) to
develop a blood platelet inventory model that can represent an actual blood bank inventory, while
overcoming the problem's curse of dimensionality; (2) to look for the best issuing policy based on
the proposed model that can serve different incoming blood platelet demands; (3) to analyze the
effect of having a new, artificial blood platelet alongside the existing natural eight blood types; and
(4) to enhance the proposed model for a dual-supplied regional blood platelet bank that serves a
network of hospitals. Blood platelet inventory management model is a multi-period, multi-product
model that considers the eight natural blood types with uncertain demand, and deterministic lead
times, alongside the artificial platelet and patients right to refuse it.

The study is supported by both a review of literature and a testing data provided by the
Canadian Blood Service. The findings show that modeling blood platelet inventory management,
including the eight blood types and their ages, represents the actual-life model without any need
for downsizing. It also leads to significantly reductions in shortages and outdates while increasing
reward gained and maintaining minimal inventory levels. Compared to a single supply model, the
dual supply model give less shortage and outdate rates. The regional blood bank inventory model
considers the fact that patients have the right to refuse transfusion using artificial blood platelets.
Finally, if the percentage of artificial supply in the inventory is more than 30% and the rate of
patient acceptance is more than 30%, then both outdate and shortage percentages are below 1%.
Optimal genotypic feedback in genetic algorithm : a new optimization approach
Authors: Joshi Divyesh
Published: May 2021

Genetic algorithm (GA) is a promising means to solve engineering optimization problems. GA is able to perform the global search with minimal simplifying assumptions about the problem as well as the correcsponding decision space. GA faces problems like premature convergence and slow convergence due to decreasing population diversity. To surmount this problem, we have developed a new approach of optimal genotypic feedback (OGF). This approach generates binary building blocks of random size from the optimal solution after each generation.The blocks are then inserted in the subsequent generation. This new approach is successfully tested on number of nonlinear, multimodal and non-continuous optimization problems. The results demonstrate that the approach efficiently searches good quality solutions.

In the next step, OGF is amagamated with hybrid GA (HGA). The resulting new HGA is applied on six optimization problems involving characterization parameters of pulp chest and miminum variance control. Comparisons with the old HGA indicate the equivalence of OGF with gradient search. Furthermore, the new HGA is observed to yield results in less number of objective function evaluations.
Ultrasound-Microbubble Combined Treatment with Vinca Alkaloids in Prostate Cancer Cells
Authors: Gharabeiki Aren
Published: May 2021

Therapeutic efficacy of chemotherapy is highly dependent on the ability to deliver drug molecules across tissue and cellular barriers. Ultrasound stimulated microbubbles (USMB) have been shown to enhance the delivery and cytotoxicity of various classes of chemotherapeutic agents. Here, the application of USMB in combination with the chemotherapeutic class vinca alkaloids is investigated. Specifically, vinorelbine tartrate (VRL) and vinblastine sulfate (VBL) of the vinca alkaloid class, which to the best of our knowledge have not been reported in combination with USMB, were used in this study. Cell viability analysis demonstrated that USMB does not enhance the cytotoxicity of either drug. VRL+USMB showed to have an additive response in cell death, whereas VBL+USMB resulted in an additive effect at a low peak negative pressure, and antagonistic at higher pressures. This work suggests that the mechanism of uptake is an important factor in determining the effectiveness of a chemotherapy drug with USMB treatment.
A thermal dose controller for laser interstitial thermal therapy
Authors: Jain Madhu
Published: May 2021

Laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT) is a minimally invasive technique for destroying localized solid tumors by heating with light. An obstacle to widespread adoption of LITT is the lack of adequate control of heating of surrounding healthy tissue and prevention of tissue and fiber-tip charring. An LITT thermal dose controller was developed to address these issues. The goal of the controller is to deliver prescribed thermal dose at a target location in tissue in a present treatment time. The developed feedback controller has a cascade structure with primary thermal dose control loop continuously generating the reference temperature for the secondary, constrained, model predictive temperature controller. The performance of controller was evaluated in simulated linear and non-linear tissue models and in albumen phantoms. The control system demonstrated the ability to achieve treatment goals across all evaluation models by delivering 240 eq. min dose at 5 mm in various preset treatment times.
The Effect of the Parenting Circles Program on Home Language Retention and Parental Engagement: The Case of a Spanish-Speaking Parent Group in Toronto
Authors: Pinkus Stefany
Published: May 2021

The  Spanish-speaking  community  has  recently  been  getting  much  attention  in  Canada  due  to  the  prevalent  low  academic  achievement  of  children  of  Latin  American  immigrants.  The  focus  of  this  study  is  on  empowering  Latin  American  parents  to  become  active  participants  in  their  children’s  education  and  take  control  of  their  children’s’  educational  path.  This  study  documents  a  Spanish-speaking parent group that combined the “empowerment” approach to family literacy, drawing from elements  of  the  Early  Authors  Program  and  the  creation  of  a  support  network,  which  was  named  “Parenting  Circles”.The  study  found  that  theParenting  Circles  Program  is  a  useful  tool  inhelping   Spanish-speaking   parents   maintain   their   home   language,   and   in   promoting   overallengagement in their children’s academic development. 
Male social workers: the experience of masculinity in "female" work
Authors: Dionisi Michael
Published: May 2021

This MRP explores the experiences of male social workers working within the female dominated profession of child protection. More specifically, it was the goal to examine a) the potential obstacles that male social workers face as a result of hegemonic constructions of masculinity; b) whether these men use their position as a site of resistance to the patriarchal social order; and c) whether workplace dynamics further perpetuate patriarchy. Using the narrative approach three male social workers were interviewed. These co-researchers indicated that they experienced difficulties building rapport and engaging with clients, and expressed challenges regarding how they are perceived. They also explained that being a male social worker can have some privileges when it comes to interacting with male clients and being given more authority in their roles. When taken together, it becomes clear that patriarchal ideals and assumptions are alive and well within the context of child welfare.
Designing and Evaluating an Interface for the Composition of Vibro-Tactile Patterns Using Gestures
Authors: Cherukumilli Sai Chaitanya
Published: May 2021

Human-computer interaction systems have been providing new ways for amateurs to compose music using traditional computer peripherals as well as gesture interfaces. Vibro-tactile patterns, which are a vibrational art form similar to auditory music, can also be composed using human-computer interfaces. This thesis discusses the gesture interface system called the Vibro-Motion, which facilitates the composition of vibro-tactile patterns in real-time on an existing tactile sensory substitution system called the Emoti-Chair. The Vibro-Motion allows users to control the pitch, magnitude of the vibration as well as the position of the vibration. A usability evaluation of Vibro-Motion system showed it to be intuitive, comfortable and enjoyable for the participants.
Control design and state of the art for fly-by-wire systems
Authors: Lahey Sean A. J.
Published: May 2021

The report discusses the design and operation of electro-hydraulic servo-valves, illustrates a basic contol implementation design for an electro-hydraulic servo-valve controlled hydraulic actuator [for aircraft flight control actuation] and provides a survey of the state of the art of flight control of aircraft using fly-by-wire (FBW) architecture. The electro-hydraulic servo-valve figures prominently in typical FBW implementations and is an essential part of a modern aircraft flight control system. The scope of this report represents a large area of research, presented at a general level, and serves as a general summary of technologies and considerations for modern aircraft control. Fly-by-wire provides many advantages over traditional forms of aircraft flight control, and it represents both the state of the art in this area and also the future of almost all civilian and military aircraft flight control. The architecture, characteristics and control design relating to electro-hydraulic servo-valve controlled actuators is discussed in the report. The application of such actuators to fly-by-wire implementation is discussed in some depth, and the process by which fly-by-wire systems are developed is discussed.
Rigid body dynamics and simulation of a three-cylinder, four-stroke internal combustion engine coupled with an aircraft propeller
Authors: Warwick Scott A
Published: May 2021

Dynamical behaviors of a system consisting of a Saito-450 3-cylinder, 4-stroke engine and a variable pitch propeller are studied. The kinemtical equations for the planar 8-bar internal combustion engine are established using a complex number method. The nonlinear dynamical equation for the engine-propeller system is obtained using the Lagrange equation and solved numerically using a computer code written in the Matlab language. Various simulations were performed to study the transient and steady state dynamical behaviors of the sophisticated multiple rigid body system while taking into account the engine pressure pulsations and aerodynamic load. The steady-state motions of the propeller shaft for different engine powers and speeds were obtained and decomposed using the Fast Fourier Technique (FFT). Results presented in this thesis provide necessary input for studies of flexible body dynamics where the torsional vibration of the propeller shaft is of practical interest to design engineers in the aerospace industry.
Statistical models for the dynamics of brand equity
Authors: Huang Chengliang
Published: May 2021

The purpose of this research is to propose statistical models, develop certain procedures/approaches needed to estimate these models, and when marketing data are available, provide insights about brand equity dynamics in marketing practice, especially firm-based brand equity. In this dissertation, two categories of models are explored. In Chapter II, autoregressive models with exogeneous inputs (ARX) are proposed for brand structural analysis. These models are useful when brand values are known, and the sample size is relatively small. Another category of models, state space models, are proposed when brand values are unavailable. In Chapter III and IV, an approach or a procedure is proposed or designed to guess initial parameter values for a certain iteration algorithm. Moreover, Moreover, mathematical optimization methods are introduced and integrated to estimate unknown parameters of the models for brand equity dynamics. There are at least two important findings. Firstly, the implementation of brand value structure analysis can be realized through the application of an ARX model and the assessment of a firm’s brand management performance is possible. Secondly, innovative approaches must be developed to guess the starting values for iterations and to estimate parameter values of different state space models. These findings are from this innovative and contributive research. Through brand structure analysis, a novel effort in research on brand equity dynamics, brand financial performance outcome is linked with brand equity sources, while long-term brand value is distinguished from short-term performance. The analysis helps brand managers to obtain the insights into the brand performance and the ability to focus on long-term outcomes of marketing campaigns. Moreover, innovative approaches are proposed in applying state space models for brand equity dynamics analysis. Weight least square method is used in guessing the initial parameter values for a state space model with one input series and one state series. For a state space model with two input series and two state series, as well as nonlinear constraints, a procedure is designed to guess the initial parameter values. Moreover, nonlinear mathematical optimization methods are introduced and integrated to estimate the parameter values during the implementation of the expectation-maximization algorithm.
Developing a model of post-workshop consultation for clinicians learning to deliver Cognitive Processing Therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder
Authors: Landy Meredith Sara Herman
Published: May 2021

Best practice in training clinicians to deliver evidence-based psychotherapies includes workshop attendance followed by post-workshop consultation. Although previous research highlights the importance of consultation, little is known about what makes for effective consultation, and no model of clinical consultation currently exists. The primary aims of this study were to identify the primary elements of consultation, and develop a model of consultation in a sample of clinicians learning to deliver Cognitive Processing Therapy (CPT; Resick, Monson, & Chard, 2014), an evidence-based psychotherapy for posttraumatic stress disorder. The study was conducted from a realist perspective, a paradigm that is particularly useful for theory building. The study involved the participation of mental health clinicians (N = 41) who attended one of five CPT workshops, and CPT consultants (N = 6) who provided the clinicians with post-workshop consultation for six months following the workshop. Thirty audio recorded consultation calls were randomly selected and transcribed. The data was coded and analyzed using thematic analysis. The kappa statistic measuring inter-rater reliability was .80. The following contextual factors were identified: access to group support, clinicians joining late, clinicians not having content to discuss, study participation, and technological disruptions. Knowledge consolidation and case conceptualization were identified as the overarching functions of consultation. The remaining elements of consultation were classified into the following themes: Organization, Asking for Help, Directive Instruction, Non-Directive Instruction, and Provision of Feedback. Two hypothesized mechanisms of consultation, reflection and connectedness, wereidentified. A comprehensive model positing how consultation works was presented. Additionally, three sets of context-mechanism-outcome configurations were presented. The model of consultation was compared to the model of clinical supervision proposed by Milne and colleagues (2008). Finally, the usefulness of Kolb’s (1984) model of experiential learning was explored as a framework for understanding the learning that occurs during clinical consultation. Based on the study’s findings, several recommendations for clinical practice were made. An important next step is to test the proposed theory, and to assess the relationship between the use of various elements of consultation and the development of proficiency in delivering CPT.
Informational video storytelling for children by children: exploring new directions in learning and making media in the classroom
Authors: Terzopoulos Tatyana
Published: May 2021

This research makes a case for the importance of children-specific non-fiction media
content in a digital age. Drawing from my professional experience making children’s television,
I piloted a media education and video production curriculum with a grade eight class at an
independent, all-girls school in Toronto, Canada. This paper contextualizes my research by
outlining the informing framework of participatory culture and several related concepts which
intersect media studies, children’s culture, and pedagogy; it also presents my reflections on
creating and testing the curriculum. To both complement my creative research-as-practice and
participatory action research approach and chronicle the research project, I created a website
(http://betweenproductions.wixsite.com/comcult). It features curriculum materials and research
documents, including samples of the students’ work and their reflections; I also produced a short
video that incorporates a mix of student and researcher video footage to illustrate one group’s
experience creating their final project.
Implementation and Testing of a 3-D Hybrid Rapid Prototyping System Capable of Deposition and Machining
Authors: Madahian Parham Ghasemi
Published: May 2021

Rapid Prototyping (RP), also known as Layered Manufacturing, is a widely used method of manufacturing which has been increasingly applied in the process of design and development of new products. RP's advantages includes being able to produce internal cavities, and being able to deliver and modify prototypes without specialized tooling. New RP technologies add materials than remove materials to produce the prototype part. This simplifies the 3D part producing process to 2D layer adding processes, and permits a part to be produced directly from its computer model. A hybrid Rapid Prototyping system (HRP) developed from existing systems may provide even more flexibility.
Effective communications and individual donors: a case study
Authors: Gregory Keely
Published: May 2021

Background: The monies donated by individual donors to Healthy Minds Canada (HMC), a national charitable organization, have been decreasing since 2006. This Major Research Paper provides HMC with communication strategies to increase its funding. The strategies are based on the literature and on best practices. The literature review explores rhetoric as a method to appeal to donors. Other strategies that are examined include appeal letters, websites, and other communications such as providing donors with communication options and thanking donors. In addition, a comparative analysis is conducted between HMC and two other organizations, the Tourette Syndrome Foundation of Canada (TSFC) and Amyotrophic Lateral Scleroses Ontario (ALS Ontario).

Conclusions: The analysis of rhetorical appeals determined that communications with donors should apply all three methods of Aristotle’s rhetorical theory of persuasion. These modes include the appeal to emotions (pathos), the appeal to reason (logos), and the appeal of personality or character (ethos). The exploration of appeal letters showed that HMC should thank donors for past or anticipated support, conclude with pleasantries, use negatively framed local mental health statistics, and include positive and moving stories. Moreover, images should be included where possible. Many recommendations are made for HMC’s website but in particular, engaging in social media is emphasized. Furthermore, in all communications to individual donors, HMC should provide these supporters with choices to receive direct mail or electronic mail, and offer opt-out options. Personal accounts can also be set up on HMC’s website that allow donors to select their communication preferences. It is also suggested that there be four mail-outs per year, the newsletter be recommenced, and thank-you letters be sent out within 24 hours of receiving a donation. Lastly, it is recommended that HMC hire another full-time employee to help with its donor communications.
An analytical investigation of the profitability of selected loyalty programs in a competitive environment
Authors: Bazargan Amirhossein
Published: May 2021

This dissertation investigates the profitability of loyalty programs in a competitive environment. Loyalty programs are prevalent marketing tools that encourage repurchase intentions among customers, and increase long-term profitability of firms. However, there is no consensus among researchers regarding the effectiveness of these programs in a competitive environment. This thesis responds to this line of research by developing game theoretic models that incorporate customers’ valuations of reward and time, two factors that have not been considered simultaneously in previous studies on the profitability of loyalty programs. The results show that for firms offering undifferentiated products (e.g., coffee shops), offering loyalty programs is a dominant and profitable strategy for the competing firms only when customers highly value rewards, but not time.

After assessing the profitability of loyalty programs, the thesis investigates LP design issues related to the effectiveness of restricting redemption. This aspect of loyalty program design has received minimal attention in the literature. Nine sub-games between two competing firms are solved in which each firm applies one specific restriction level on redemption (unrestricted, low restricted, or high restricted), and optimal decision variables are obtained for each scenario. Based on the Nash equilibria of the sub-games, the main game is solved in which the firms decide about the level of restriction on their loyalty programs, which maximizes their profit.

The results show that firms should follow highly restrictive policies at equilibrium, but not when customers highly value time over reward. When the latter is the case, a prisoner dilemma occurs. Firms should react by applying redemption policies that are the least restrictive at equilibrium. Furthermore, when customers do not highly value neither time nor reward, a prisoner dilemma arises that suggests the firms to offer a low restricted redemption policy at equilibrium. In addition to these findings, this thesis contributes to the literature by developing comprehensive analytical models, that are stochastic and competitive, and that incorporate psychological theories.
Numerical Simulation Of Thermodiffusion Subjected To Different Gravity Fields
Authors: Khoshnevis Ahmad
Published: May 2021

In this work, a typical thermodiffusion experiment on a binary mixture is simulated numerically using a two-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code. Three scenarios for gravity have been studied: residual, pure oscillatory, and microgravity micro-accelerations.

It was found that less separation of mixture components in the presence of strong gravity fields is due to the formation of buoyancy-driven flows. For the case of pure oscillatory gravity, the effects of the frequency and amplitude are discussed in detail. A critical vibrational Rayleigh number is proposed above which the diffusion process is highly affected by the external excitation.

For the case of the microgravity environment, quasi-steady accelerations and g-jitter, both of which are found on the International Space Station, have been considered. Results show g-jitter has a minimal effect on the thermodiffusion experiment. The effects of the residual gravity field were also found to be insignificant in stimulating a strong convection flow.
Montage In Architecuture: A Critical And Creative Perception Of Our Space In The Everyday
Authors: Wong Sze
Published: May 2021

This thesis engages with our experience of architecture in the everyday. We appropriate spaces in a state of distraction. It slips past unnoticed by our critical minds. It is not until we look through the eyes and minds of artists that we begin to ‘see’ our everyday environment. But as soon as we ‘see’, we contemplate architecture as abstracted art. This mode of seeing distances architecture away from our daily experience.

This thesis searches for the possibility to superimpose, on top of our passiveness, a critical and creative perception of spaces in the everyday. This perception allows us to be far enough to ‘see’, while at the same time close and loose enough for questions and reinterpretations. Montage carries the critical and creative potential to encourage such a perception. This thesis explores and reveals aspects within montage and their engagement with architectural design to put forward this other possible perception.
Assessing the potential use of Envision in the sustainability certification of road projects with conservation authorities in Ontario
Authors: Smith Scott Robert
Published: May 2021

Conservation Authorities (CAs) in Ontario are challenged with improving the sustainability of road planning and design through their programs and policies under the Ontario Environmental Assessment Act (OEAA) and the CA Act. This study examines whether CAs should endorse the voluntary Envision Infrastructure Sustainability Rating System to supplement their roles under the OEAA and the CA Act and regulations.

This study applied Envision to a sample of 13 municipal road projects through a standardized document review. It found that Envision was able to differentiate between more and less sustainable road projects, that award achievement required sustainable actions beyond those which are standard practice, and that Envision is appropriate to apply to road projects that are planned through the Municipal Class Environmental Assessment process of the OEAA. This study concludes that the Envision framework has the potential to significantly improve the sustainability of road projects and should be endorsed by CAs.
Going the Distance: Locomotor Choices in Crawling and Walking Infants
Authors: Dosso Jill Ashley
Published: May 2021

Little is known about infants' ability to make choices that vary along multiple dimensions. This research sought to describe strategies used by infants to direct their own locomotion in a multi-target environment. Infants repeatedly chose between pairs of objects that differed in distance and value. The choices made by crawling and walking infants were compared under two conditions: an experience-controlled, age-varied comparison and an experience-varied, age-controlled comparison. When experience was held constant, walking infants' choices did not vary with object distance while crawling infants preferentially selected close-by objects. When age was held constant, all infants' choices were distance-sensitive. The findings suggest that infants do selectively allocate their locomotion according to properties of the environment, but the relevance of the property of distance changes over development. The way that infants approach their environment has a shaping role in the choices they make and, consequently, the information and feedback available to them.
Quantification of aluminum in human bone with neutron activation analysis
Authors: Davis Kanakam
Published: May 2021

In Vivo Neutron Activation Analysis (IVNAA) has been investigated to measure aluminum levels in bone for several years. Aluminum, being a toxic element, should be routinely monitored in both clinical and occupational environments. The non-invasisve IVNAA technique developed at the McMaster University Accelerator Lab is currently being improved for future use. New sets of hand phantoms were prepared that closely resemble spectra that were collected from the hand of healthy subject. Following the IVNAA of aluminum phantoms, the technique was applied for the first time to measure bone A1 levels in 18 healthy subjects. The mean hand bone A1 concentration was determined as 28 µg A1/g Ca. The results were achieved with a dose equivalent of 17.6 mSv. Further investigations using an enhanced detection system and applying optimazation of the irradiation protocol with radiation dose up to 50 mSv showed that minimum detectable limit was improved to 0.10 mg A1.
Some assembly required : an architectural systems approach to future requirements
Authors: Pevcevicius Roman
Published: May 2021

This thesis examines how a building can respond to changes in user needs. Specifically, the research component of this publication seeks to understand how and why buildings change, using primarily a typomorphological based approach to the urban condition. Research methods used in this thesis include literature reviews, case studies, and design experimentation. The design portion of this thesis responds by taking a systems approach to architecture that can be used to deal with user issues of program and form over time. The design proposal utilizes a prefabricated system that is comprised of 5 main elements. Combined, these elements produce multiple design opportunities that allow for future changes through the standardization of fabrication and construction techniques. The system is designed for future modifications through modular structure and elements. This allows for the addition, replacement, and upgrade of rooms, floors, walls, or entire buildings as its user needs change.
Toward A New Tectonic
Authors: May Mitchell G.
Published: May 2021

Architecture’s role as the mediator between the environment and occupant has been discarded, handing off the roles of structure and environment to engineering, and leaving itself spatial planning and aesthetics. Simultaneously, standardization has further reduced the expressiveness of architecture. The tectonic traditions of architecture have been cast aside in favour of a pan-global style, and remain marginalized with the current trend toward the overly formalist design of the first digital era. In opposition to the generic, thin architecture that has been produced through the use of climate control - digital simulation of environmental forces, materials, and construction, can allow for the generation of a thick architecture of specificity, tuned and expressive of its place through an expanded sense of the tectonic material basis of form. This associative architecture, formed by physical forces, with a basis of ‘necessity’ will allow for an attempt to reassert a more substantial architecture through digital means.
Comparison Of Solid Rocket Motor Thrust Modulation Technique
Authors: Wozney Clayton Edward
Published: May 2021

The thrust profiles of solid rocket motors are usually determined ahead of time by propellant composition and grain design. Traditional techniques for active thrust modulation use a moveable pintle to dynamically change the nozzle throat diameter, increasing the chamber pressure and therefore thrust. With this approach, high chamber pressures must be endured with only modest increases in thrust. Alternatively, it has been shown that spinning a solid rocket motor on its longitudinal axis can increase the burning rate of the propellant and therefore the thrust without the resulting high chamber pressures. Building on prior experience modelling pressure-dependent, low-dependent and acceleration-dependent burning in solid rocket motors, an internal ballistic simulation computer program is modified for the present study where the use of the pintle nozzle and spin-augmented solid rocket motor combustion approaches, for a reference cylindrical-grain motor, are compared. This study confirms that comparable thrust augmentation can be gained at lower chamber pressures using the novel spin-acceleration approach, relative to the established pintle-nozzle approach, thus potentially providing a significant design advantage.
Disrupting Whiteness Within Academia: Examining the Experiences and Understanding of Whiteness Among White Students Attending Ryerson University
Authors: Gawron Danuta
Published: May 2021

This narrative qualitative research study explored the experiences and understanding of whiteness from three full-time white students at Ryerson University (RU). The theoretical framework draws from Critical Whiteness Studies (CWS) and Critical Whiteness Pedagogy (CWP). Based on existing literature on whiteness, this study utilized semi-structured telephone interviews with the three participants. The participants were randomly selected through recruitment posting and flyers on social media outlets such as Facebook. Data analysis included a thematic and structure of the narratives of the participants. The findings provided insight into how these white students at RU define whiteness and how they understand whiteness demonstrated in academia and, lastly, whether they have perpetrated or fought against whiteness within their academic institution. The results indicate that whiteness is not easily defined, and academia is incorporating diverse perspectives. This paper concludes with implications and discussion on future social work, followed by the conclusion.

Key words: Academia, Critical Whiteness Studies, Critical Whiteness Pedagogy, colonialization, gender, whiteness, white students,
Netspeak in China: features and impact on standard Chinese language
Authors: Chen Yiying
Published: May 2021

In order to explore the impact of Netspeak on the modem standard Chinese
language, this study investigates the features and sources of Netspeak and then
examines two anxieties that prevail around Chinese society: (1) Can the English
elements in Netspeak be regarded as a sign of "English Invasion" and destroy the
purity of Chinese language or even blemish Chinese cultural sovereignty? (2) Can
"Netspeak confuse people's perception of what standard Chinese language should be
so as to have negative impact on Chinese language? Related literatures both in
China and in the western countries are examined. Some linguistic theories are applied
or verified. Quantitative research method is used to verify my hypothesis that
Netspeak will not have a deeply negative impact on Modem Standard Chinese in the
long run, although it has already become a popular social dialect in the China"--From introduction, page 4.
Performance driven design space exploration for multi-objective optimization using stability in competition
Authors: Sehgal Summit
Published: May 2021

Multi Parametric Design Space Exploration (DSE) for optimal micro-architecture synthesis is an extremely complex yet crucial stage in embedded systems development. Often it is very time complex to find the best suitable configuration to map the inherently contradictory performance parameters into systems silicon real estate. Owing to its exponentially exploding design space and multi way combinatorial mapping, DSE has proven to be notoriously hard and
intractable for VLSI CAD tools. The presented work introduces a highly scalable and generalized analytical approach to identify the best configuration of systems architecture while maintaining prime accuracy resolution. This PSE approach coupled with Stability in Competition principles has been applied to a number of well known benchmark High Level Synthesis (HLS) applications, with an impressive 71.80% aggregate speedup and results being more pronounced for larger design space HLS applications.
The settlement experience of government assisted refugees in Hamilton, Ontario :a critique of Canada's Refugee and Humanitarian Resettlement Program
Authors: Navaratna Pradeep Anslem
Published: May 2021

This paper critiques Canada's Refugee and Humanitarian Resettlement Program through a study of the settlement experience of Government Assisted Refugees (GARs) in Hamilton, Ontario. The study is based on qualitative interviews conducted with GARs informants to understand their pre-migration experience and their settlement experience in Canada. The findings of the study were scrutinized against the settlement policy and principles that are set out by Citizenship and Immigration Canada (CIC). The study revealed that Canada offers protection to refugees selected abroad, without considering their ability to integrate into Canadian society. However, the study also found that CIC's policy for the resettlement process of GARs in Canada is inadequate. This, together with the absence of clear legislation, contributes to the hardships that GARs face when they try to rebuild their lives in Canada. This paper suggests that CIC should develop inclusive policies to address the long term resettlement needs of GARs.
Studies in simultaneous generation of central and axial chirality via the Buchwald-Hartwig reaction
Authors: Denning Robert Anthony
Published: May 2021

The Buchwald-Hartwig reaction has been investigated previously by the Viirre group to show that intramolecular cyclization using palladium and (R)-(+)-2-(diphenylphosphino)-2′-methoxy-1,1′-binaphthyl, can instill enantioselectivity. This system was continued to show that steric bulk on the 2’ position on the phenyl ring attached to the nitrogen malonamide can lock the rotation ending in a chiral axis. The diastereomers resulting from this chiral axis can be selectively formed when the substrate is 2-(2-bromobenzyl)-N1,N3-bis(2-(tert-butyl)phenyl)-2-methylmalonamide and using a similar ligand (R)-dicyclohexyl(2'-methoxy-[1,1'-binaphthalen]-2-yl)phosphane with enantio- and diastereoselectivities of 88% and 99% respectively. The work presented in this thesis continues on this class of substrates to include N,1-Di([1,1'-biphenyl]-2-yl)-3-methyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline-3-carboxamide, as well as a newer class of monoamide substrates. The monoamide substrates allowed the interpretation of events occurring in the Buchwald-Hartwig reaction, ultimately showing that the chiral center on the substrate has some control as to the outcome of the chiral axis. Lastly, a timed sampling kinetics experiment was done to investigate if the enantiomers of the starting material were being consumed at different rates or if one diastereomeric product was being produced favourably. The kinetics experiment shows that the system does not have a preference as to the starting material or product being produced.
British juvenile immigrants in Canada 1868 to 1939 : a study of the relationship between societal changes and the treatment of home children
Authors: Coombes Brianna Leigh
Published: May 2021

This paper examines the history of the British juvenile immigrants, a group of over 100,000 children who arrived in Canada between 1868 and 1939 to work on farms or as domestic workers. There was both a pressing need within Canada for farm workers, and overcrowding in British cities, therefore conditions were right for a mutually beneficial labour exchange between the two nations. British philanthropists encouraged this movement and ensured its continued success over a seventy year period. The societal changes that occurred in Canada during the same period as a result of the reform movement are also traced within this historical examination. The increase in child welfare policies, and the subsequent attitudinal changes in the Canadian public also impacted how the home children were treated and viewed. Through this research, this neglected group of immigrants will be given a more prominent position in Canadian social and immigration history.
Sheltering the Underbelly of Society: Architecture as a Means of Achieving Dignity for Those Living in a City's Residual Spaces
Authors: Quan Kevin
Published: May 2021

The attachment of the homeless to the city's residual spaces is a result of a lack of choice, but in some instances, it is a preference. This thesis focuses on the latter in addressing the housing needs of those who prefer to live outdoors rather than in the institutionalized environment of emergency shelters, or even permanent housing. It explores the role of architecture in empowering independence, dignity, and security without socially engineering the homeless and changing their lifestyle. This exploration is informed by the works of architects, urban geographers, cultural critics, artists and psychologists, among them the members of the Situationist International, Bernard Tschumi, Donald MacDonald, Michael Benedikt, David Harvey, Neil Smith, and Abraham Maslow. It proposes an alternative scenario whereby those persons preferring to live outdoors may be safely, decently, and innovatively sheltered independently in some of the many residual spaces found on streets and in parks.
Queering space: LGBTQ* gaming as a form of resistance and community development
Authors: Romero Samson G.
Published: May 2021

This paper will be looking at the influences of the creation of LGBTQ gaymer groups in the gaming world and within the LGBTQ communities itself. Through queering space and community development theory lenses, I look at how gaming that is dominantly viewed as being a straight, white, able bodied and a male space can be queered by the inclusion of LGBTQ players/gaymers. Using a critical ethnographic method through interviewing gaymer group leaders, I will explore how gaymer groups have had an impact on combating the harassment experienced by LGBTQ players/gaymers and how these groups have created their own communities that act as a form of queering up space and resistance to homophobia.
Sound created form
Authors: Gaum Benjamin N.
Published: May 2021

Exploring the influence of sound on architectural form and the aural quality of spaces it can create. Although people have been trying to understand the connection between music, sound and architecture for thousands of years, the role of acoustics continues to play a fairly secondary role in the process of design of architectural projects. It has been mostly relegated to a band-aid condition that is applied after the building has already been designed, or worse, left to chance. This research and design thesis will examine potential relationships between sound and architecture and explores the ways sound can be a source for the generation of spatial forms and the aural quality of spaces they can create. The approach to this thesis will be to see how sound influences architecture in three basic conditions. They are: Environmental acoustic design, program/experiential consideration and formal exploration.
Modeling Urban Solar Energy with High Spatiotemporal Resolution
Authors: Chow Annie
Published: May 2021

Alternative sources of energy are being sought after in the world today, as the availability of fossil fuels and other non-renewable resources are declining. Solar energy offers a promising solution to this search as it is a less polluting renewable energy resource and can be easily converted into electricity through the usage of photovoltaic systems. This thesis focuses on the modeling of urban solar energy with high spatiotemporal resolution. A methodology was developed to estimate hourly solar PV electricity generation potential on rooftops in an urban environment using a 3-D model. A case study area of Ryerson University, Toronto was chosen and the incident solar radiation upon each building rooftop was calculated using a software tool called Ecotect Analysis 2011. Secondly, orthophotos of the case study area were digitized using Geographic Information Systems in order to eliminate undesirable rooftop objects within the model. Lastly, a software tool called HOMER was used to generate hourly solar PV electricity estimates using the values generated by the other two software tools as input parameters. It was found that hourly solar PV output followed the pattern of a binomial curve and that peak solar generation times coincided with summer peak electricity consumption hours in Ontario.