bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The nature of relationship between some health parameters in infants born with hypoplastic type mild intrauterine growth retardation
Authors: Ivanov Dmitry O. , Derevtsov Vitaly V.
Published: June 2020

Objective. Assessing the relationship between health indicators in infants born with intrauterine growth retardation (JGR) of hypoplastic type of mild severity among themselves, compared with infants born without IGR, and with practically healthy infants from practically healthy mothers.

Materials and methods. Under the supervision were 109 infants. From mothers with a burdened somatic and obstetric-gynecological history, 84 children were born: 15 (gr. 1) with mild of hypo-plastic type IGR, 69 (gr. 2) without IGR. The control group (gr. 3) consisted of 25 healthy children born to healthy mothers. All observed babies were born full-term. They were examined in dynamics at the age of 1 (n = 104), 3 (n = 98), 6 (n = 92), 12 (n = 94) months. Outcome recording methods were a comprehensive case history analysis, physical examination, assessment of electrocar-diography and cardiointervalography. Distribution-free statistical analysis methods.

Results. A correlation was found at 23 days between weight and body length (r = 0.63), body weight and stress index (r = 0.56), sympathetic activity and stress index (r = 0.84), intraatrial and atrioventricular conductivity (r = 0.64); at 1 month between sympathetic activity and stress index (r = 0.62); at 3 months between weight and body length (r = 0.79), sympathetic activity and stress index (r = 0.87), sympathetic activity and intraventricular conduction (r = 0.67), intraatrial and atrioventricular conduction (r = 0.71); at 6 months between weight and body length (r = 0.81), body weight and intraatrial conduction (r = 0.65), body weight and electric systole (r = 0.58), sympathetic activity and stress index (r = 0.92); at 12 months between body length and intraatrial (r = 0.74), body length and atrioventricular conduction (r = 0.76), sympathetic activity and stress index (r = 0.94), sympathetic activity and electrical systole (r = 0.71), stress index and intraventricular conduction (r = 0.68), stress index and electric systole (r = 0.69), intraatrial and stress index (r = 0.9), atrioventricular conduction and electric systole (r = 0.63).

Conclusions. The revealed correlation communications between of some studied parameters allow doctors to allocate groups of dispensary observation, to diagnose changes at early stages of the pathological process, conduct correctional actions with assessment of their efficiency.
Anatomic and surgical features of lower extremities blood vessels in case of major veins dysplasia in children with various type and severity of the disease according to data of contrast flebography
Authors: Azarov Mikhail V. , Kupatadze Dmitry D. , Nabokov Viktor V. , Kocharyan Suren M.
Published: June 2020

Dysplasia of the main veins (DMV) is known by the names of the authors who described this pathology as Klippel Trenone syndrome. The clinical picture of Klippel Trenone syndrome (CTS) in the classical version is characterized by a triad of symptoms: vascular spots, varicose atypical veins, hypertrophy of soft tissues and bones with an increase in the volume and length of the affected limb. The incidence of this defect from all vascular malformations is 49.6%. To diagnose a malformation, ultrasound is used Dopplerography, MRI and MSCT with contrast, ascending venography. Vasocontrast methods reveal various options for surgical anatomy of the veins of the affected limbs. To assess the anatomy of deep veins, we used upward contrasting, since we consider this species to be more accurate and low-cost. The study is based on the results of examination and treatment of 200 patients. Long-term results were analyzed in 108 patients with congenital malformations of the vessels of the lower extremities aged 1 year to 18 years, who were in the angiomicrosurgical department of the Pediatric Medical University from 2005 to 2015. Patients were divided into 2 groups: the embryonic type 70 people (of which 42 boys and 28 girls), and the fetal type 38 people (16 of them boys, 22 girls). In this paper, we analyze the results of ascending phlebography of the extremities, which is considered the gold standard for examining vein malformations. Contrast phlebography in 108 patients with dysplasia of the main veins, hypo- and dysplasia of segments of the deep and superficial veins were detected 63%; atypical location of superficial or deep veins with the presence of congenital pathways of the collateral outflow 30%, aplasia of the veins 7%. Conclusions: phlebography data accurately determine the surgical anatomy of blood vessels in patients with dysplasia of the main veins. The data obtained during the ascending phlebography, in almost 100% of cases coincide with intraoperative data thus allowing the development of optimal tactics of operations in the veins, and also scrutinize the pathology of musculoskeletal system.
The role of human constitutional type in forming of bodymass excess and deficite in children of various ages
Authors: Erkudov Valeriy O. , Pugovkin Andrey P. , Volkov Aleksej J. , Musaeva Oksana I. , Slyaptsova Tatiana N. , Chistjakova Mar’jana V. , Rogozin Sergei S. , Pakhomova Maria A. , Kravtsova Aleftina A.
Published: June 2020

Nowadays there are no decicive descriptions of constitutional features and body mass deviations in a narrow group taking into consideration their sex, age, habitation region, and a concrete type of body mass deficit or excess. The present study focuses at comparative assessment of number and frequency of pronounced deficit, deficit, nominally normal body mass, preobesity and obesity in junior schoolchildren and adolescents with lepto-, meso- and hypersomal somatotype. All in all 274 persons took part in the study, 130 of junior schoolchildren aged 7 to 9 years (64 boys and 66 girls) as well as 142 adolescents 1417 years old (65 boys and 77 girls). Somatotype was determined in all children with the help of I.I. Salivon and V.A. Melniks method, as well as body mass index was calculated. Comparing the number of children with various deviations of body mass in case of lepto- meso- and hypersomal somatotype was accomplished with the help of precise Fishers criterion for conjugated features tables 3 5. In boys and girls of junior school age with leptosomal (boys 62%, girls 81%) somatotype body mass deficit was predominant, while in adolescents with leptosomal somatotype body mass deficit was found in 37% boys and 15% of girls. Hypersomal boys form obesity and excessive body mass when they enter adolescence. On the other hand 40% girls of junior school age with hypersomal somatotype are already obese and 100% of them preserve obesity till puberty. The results of the study may be useful for specifying individual recommendations for children with metabolic pathology at pre-hospital stage for correction of both excess and deficit of body mass should be made prior to entering puberty.
The availability of vitamin D in children of the first year of life with food allergies residing in conditions of military conflict in Donbass
Authors: Nalyotov Andrew V. , Shapchenko Tatyana I. , Svistunova Natalia A. , Vakulenko Maxim V.
Published: June 2020

The problem of vitamin D deficiency is one of the most actual today. According to numerous clinical studies, its insufficiency of this micronutrient is registered in half of the worlds population.

Aim of the study. To study the provision of vitamin D in infants, suffering from food allergy and living in the Donbass in a military conflict.

Materials and methods. 105 infants living in the Donetsk Peoples Republic suffering from food allergy were examined. The level of vitamin D in serum in these patients was studied by determining serum levels of 25(OH)D.

Results and discussion. Insufficient vitamin D levels were found in 57.1 4.8% infants with food allergy, which was significantly higher (р 0.05) compared to healthy children (12.5 5.2%). At the same time, children with food allergies, long-term living near the region of active hostilities, statistically significant (р 0.001) often had a reduced level of vitamin D. It was found that in the group of patients with low level of vitamin D polyvalent food allergy was determined statistically significantly more common compared to the group of patients with normal level of vitamin D.

Conclusion. Infants, suffering from food allergy and living in the Donetsk Peoples Republic in a long-term military conflict are characterized by a decrease in vitamin D level, which may play a role in the formation of the immune response, the development of clinical symptoms of pathology and disrupt the development of tolerance to the food allergens.
Anthropogenic environmental factors as triggers of type 1 diabetes mellitus in children
Authors: Soprun Lidia A. , Utekhin Vladimir J. , Gvozdetskiy Anton N. , Akulin Igor M. , Churilov Leonid P.
Published: June 2020

In the 21st century, environmental factors of anthropogenic origin began to come under the close attention of scientists. There is an increase in the incidence of various nosological forms, with autoimmune pathogenesis. Among them, one of the most important endocrinopathies is type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1), especially in children. In parallel, the urban population continues to grow. At the same time, up to 60% of the urban population of Russia (about 58.8 million people) lives in areas with high and very high levels of environmental pollution. Among the pollution factors, special attention is now drawn to the car and road complex, during the operation of which destruction aerosols are formed, forming a mixture of particles that includes a chemical composition of a mixture of silicon oxides, aluminum, iron, calcium, magnesium and organic substances, as well as compounds with heavy metals. The article analyzes the main sources of environmental pollution in Russian Federation, identifies the central/dominant model, and predicts significant and secondary models of possible regional correlation between the factors related to urbanization and spread of an autoimmune disease, which is DM1 among children of Russia.
Causes of unsuccessful surgical treatment of hiatal hernia
Authors: Bechvaya Georgy T. , Ahmatov Akhmat M. , Vasilevsky Dmitry I. , Kovalik Vladislav V.
Published: June 2020

Hiatal hernia is the most common type of visceral anatomy disorder, observed in people under 30 years of age in 10%, older than 50 years in 60%. Four types of hiatal hernias (IIV) are distinguished by the variant of the disturbances in the relationship between the esophagus, stomach, and diaphragm. Indications for surgical treatment of hiatal hernias are gastroesophageal reflux or anatomical disorders, which have a risk of developing life-threatening conditions (obstruction or necrosis of the stomach). An unresolved problem in this part of surgery is the high rate of disease recurrence, reaching 1015 4060%. The subjective reasons for the unsatisfactory results of surgical treatment of this pathology include technical errors in performing interventions (insufficient mobilization of the esophagus, stomach, legs of the diaphragm, incomplete excision of the hernial sac) and flaws in perioperative support (insufficient analgesia, vomiting, cough). The objective factors of the repeated displacement of the abdominal organs into the chest are the large size of the hiatal opening (more than 5 cm in maximum dimension), the insufficient mechanical strength of the legs of the diaphragm (hypotrophy, fibrosis) and the shortening of the esophagus (reduction of the abdominal part length less than 5 cm). Each of the noted factors plays a own role, together determining the success or failure of the surgical intervention. Understanding the basic principles and unresolved issues in this field of surgery is a prerequisite for its further development.
"Urbanistic Architecture" According to Raul Lino
Authors: Pereira Paulo Manta
Published: June 2020

Over a period of nearly one hundred years, Raul Lino (1879-1974) experienced the profound political, social and economic changes that marked the twentieth century in Portugal. Having been born during the Constitutional Monarchy (1822-1910), he lived through the First Republic (1910-1926), the Military Dictatorship (1926-1933), the Second Republic, or Estado Novo (New State, 1933-1974), and died shortly after the Carnation Revolution of 25 April 1974, at the dawning of the Third Republic. He was an architect who published prolifically in Portugal, having become known through his advocacy of the Campanha da casa Portuguesa (Portuguese House Campaign), which provoked a great deal of controversy. The debate peaked with the Polémica da casa Portuguesa (Polemic of the Portuguese house) at the Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation in 1970, after the inauguration of the retrospective exhibition on Raul Lino. He is less known for the quality of his transversal synthesis conceived between urbanism, architecture, the decorative arts, and its underlying affirmation of an idea of the city, which we conjecture from our analysis of his narrative. This analysis concentrates on eleven case studies that encompasses architectural projects, urbanistic plans and technical advice limited to the first half of the 20th century. The broad, cross-disciplinary position of Lino was defended in the same year as the First National Architecture Congress (1948), whose proposals ratified in Portugal the orthodoxy principles of modern architecture and urban planning for the new universal man-type, established in 1933 by the International Congresses of Modern Architecture (CIAM). Quoting Aristotle, Raul Lino conceived the city as the locus of happiness, shaping forms of consensus between tradition and modernity by means of an architecture at the scale of man and in proportion to his circumstance, consistently outlining a modern possibility of continuity.
Equações de Movimento em Modelos Solitônicos
Authors: Amaro de Faria Jr Antonio Carlos , Canone Aulus Mattos
Published: June 2020

Neste artigo iremos descrever a dinâmica de soluções solitônicas a partir das equações de movimento provenientes da lagrangeana do sistema e de sua energia, mostrando a sua equivalência em termos de uma equação diferencial de primeira ordem. Esta investigação tem importância em modelos físicos e matemáticos e pode ser empregado no desenvolvimento de métodos analíticos e numéricos para a solução de equações diferenciais não lineares.
Levantamento do Perfil de Consumo Final de Água em Instituição de Ensino: Estudo de Caso em Londrina – PR
Authors: Buso Weiller Giovana Cristina , Dos Santos Latiara Remigio
Published: June 2020

O artigo faz parte de um projeto de pesquisa subsidiado pela Funadesp[1], o qual busca viabilizar a implantação de sistema de aproveitamento de água pluvial para fins não potáveis em Instituições de Ensino. O trabalho busca conhecer o perfil de consumo final de água em uma Instituição Pública de Ensino na cidade de Londrina, cujo projeto padrão foi implantado em diversas cidades paranaenses. Foram realizados levantamentos de dados junto aos usuários da instituição no ano de 2018, através de entrevistas por amostragem e observações in loco; identificação dos pontos de utilização de água; análise de histórico de faturas de consumos; e medição de vazão dos equipamentos hidráulicos existentes. Após a análise e correção dos dados se constatou um consumo de água de 6,03 litros/pessoa/dia, dos quais 66,25% são utilizados para fins não potáveis, indicando um extenso campo de atuação de projetos de reuso/reaproveitamento de água para essa finalidade. Dessa forma, espera-se contribuir para o projeto piloto em parceria com os órgãos públicos, dando continuidade ao estudo de viabilidade para implantação de sistema de aproveitamento de água pluvial para usos não potáveis, através da substituição da água destinada às descargas das bacias sanitárias dos alunos, as quais representaram 54,14% do consumo total da instituição; além de estimular campanhas de utilização consciente desse recurso hídrico na comunidade.

 

Palavras-chave: Consumo de Água. Perfil de Uso. Água Potável e Não-Potável.

 

Abstract

The article is part of a research project subsidized by Funadesp, which seeks to make feasible the implementation of a rainwater harvesting system for non-potable purposes in educational institutions. The paper aims to know the final water consumption profile in a public educational institution in the city of Londrina, whose standard project was implemented in several cities of Paraná. Data were collected from institution users in the year 2018, through interviews by sampling and in loco observations; identification of points of water use; historical analysis of consumption invoices; and flow measurement of existing hydraulic equipment. After the data analysis and correction, it was found out that there were 6.03 liters / person / day water consumption, of which 66.25% is used for non-potable purposes, indicating an extensive operation field reuse / recycling projects for this purpose. Thus, it is expected to contribute to a pilot project in partnership with public bodies, continuing the feasibility study for rainwater utilization system deployment for non-potable uses, by replacing the flush water the students’ toilets, which represented 54.14% of the total consumption of the institution; besides stimulating campaigns of conscious use of this water resource in the community.

 

Keywords: Water Consumption. Use Profile. Potable Water and Non-Potable Water.
Energia Fotovoltaica e a Importância dos Módulos Fotovoltaicos
Authors: Soares Everton Carlos , Paganini Costa Paula
Published: June 2020

A necessidade da descoberta, da melhoria e da implantação de novos métodos de obtenção de energia é uma realidade do planeta e vem sendo sanada e aprofundada através de contínuas pesquisas por profissionais dos campos energéticos, as pesquisas se intensificam com o intuito na busca de métodos sustentáveis e não poluentes que agridam cada vez menos o planeta. A geração de energia fotovoltaica vem se consolidando satisfatoriamente em vista dos demais meios de obtenção de energia, devido depender primordialmente na energia solar, item abundante e inesgotável no planeta. Devido ao clima em que está inserido o Brasil é um país com grande perspectiva de crescimento dos meios fotovoltaicos, depende de incentivos no que tange aos equipamentos, tais como, módulos e placas necessários na implementação, para isso é necessário um maior conhecimento quanto a viabilidade, quanto aos componentes envolvidos na instalação e aos métodos de implementação adequados a cada situação, porém de maneira geral foi observado que no Brasil a longo prazo os meios fotovoltaicos são indicados e apresentam resultados satisfatórios tanto em aspectos econômicos quanto em meios sustentáveis.

 

Palavras-chave: Energéticos. Fotovoltaica. Módulos. Pesquisas. Sustentáveis.

 

Abstract

The need for the discovery, improvement and implementation of new methods of obtaining energy is a reality of the planet and has been healed and deepened through continuous research by professionals in the energy fields, the researchers are intensifies with the intention of searching for sustainable and non-polluting methods that attack less and less the planet. The generation of photovoltaic energy has been consolidating satisfactorily in view of the other ways of obtaining energy due to depend primarily on solar energy, an abundant and inexhaustible item on the planet. Due to the climate in which Brazil is inserted is a country with great perspective of growth of the photovoltaic means, depends on incentives in terms of equipment, such as modules and boards required in the implementation for this, a greater knowledge about the feasibility, the components involved in the installation and the implementation methods appropriate to each situation is necessary, but in general it was observed that in Brazil in the long term the photovoltaic media are indicated and present satisfactory results both in economic aspects and in sustainable means.

 

Keywords: Energy. Photovoltaic. Modules. Researches. Sustainable.
Angiogenesis and Mast Cells Density in Oral and Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinomas
Authors: Masali Sadra , Miri Rosa , Alaeddini Mojgan , Etemad-Moghadam Shahroo , Sadri Donia , Shahsavari Fatemeh
Published: June 2020

Despite the similarities between oral and esophageal squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs), the survival rate of this cancer is relatively low in the esophagus compared to the oral cavity. To our knowledge, mast cells and angiogenesis have not been simultaneously compared between oral and esophageal SCCs. However, they have been separately evaluated in each of these locations with conflicting results. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess and compare mast cell count and microvessel density between SCCs of the esophagus and oral cavity. A total of 46 oral and esophageal SCCs (23 of each) were stained immunohistochemically and histochemically with CD31 and methylene blue, respectively. Statistical analysis was performed using t-test, one-way ANOVA, and Pearson correlation analysis. Microvessel density was significantly higher in oral compared to esophageal tumors (P=0.02). Conversely, esophageal SCCs showed significantly higher mast cell counts than that of oral neoplasms (P=0.04). Pearson correlation analysis showed no association between these two factors in either oral SCC (P=0.51) or esophageal SCC (P=0.34). A significant difference between mean mast cell count and microvessel density in oral and esophageal SCC may be related to inherent differences in the tissues of origin and might, to some extent, be responsible for the different biological behaviors of these cancers. © 2019 Tehran University of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved. Acta Med Iran 2019;57(10):575-580.
Evaluation of Troponin I Serum Level in Patients With Peritoneal Dialysis and Relationship Between Troponin I and Cardiovascular Risk Factors
Authors: Taheri Shahram , Pilehvarian Ali Asghar , Emami Naeini Afsoon , Kushki Fariba , Moeinzadeh Firouzeh
Published: June 2020

End-stage renal disease is a situation that predisposes the patients to cardiovascular disease, especially myocardial infarction (MI). A valuable biomarker for the diagnosis of this event is cardiac troponin. Although some asymptomatic patients show high plasma levels of cardiac troponin I, it is still the most sensitive variable in MI. All patients more than 18-year-old, on chronic ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) for at least three months, and did not have a history of acute myocardial infarction or hospitalization for CVD during last month are included in a cross-sectional descriptive study. Troponin I serum level was measured by VIDAS Troponin I Ultra (TNIU) Assay. Correlation between serum troponin level and cardiovascular risk factors are evaluated. In this study, 52% of patients were male. The mean cTnI level was 0.025±0.044 ng/mL, less than 0.11 ng/mL, and only five patients had cTnI level more than the laboratory threshold. The cut-off level of cTnI for diagnosing cardiovascular disease must be re-evaluated and maybe increase to 0.3 ng/mL. Indeed, the asymptomatic patient may need more close observation for cardiovascular disease. © 2019 Tehran University of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved.
Investigation of Impact of Trinitroglycerin Conjugated Cardioplegia on Myocardial Protection of Patients With Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting
Authors: Nemati Mohammad Hasan , Badie Hasan , Jannati Mansour
Published: June 2020

Pharmacologic-conjugated-cardioplegia is one of the strategies against ischemia and reperfusion. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of nitroglycerin on myocardial protection and postoperative outcomes. This was a case-control study performed on 91 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting in Faghihi Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. Patients were randomly divided into case and control groups. Trinitroglycerin Conjugated Cardioplegia on Myocardial Protection of Patients with Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting. As a result of nitroglycerin, the number of patients requiring inotrope administration was increased. No other significant alteration was observed between two groups in neither of ischemic features nor postoperative outcomes. In conclusion, nitroglycerin conjugated cardioplegia, with the condition of this study, demonstrated a negative inotrope requirement without improvement in myocardium protection. © 2019 Tehran University of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved.
Unusual Presentation of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Masquerading Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension
Authors: Jahanbakhshi Amin , Fattahi Arash , Najafi Masoumeh
Published: June 2020

Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is defined as increased cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) opening pressure and abnormal fundoscopy when other causes of increased intracranial pressure are ruled out. We present a patient with a primary diagnosis of IIH who had undergone a lumboperitoneal shunt. Later she was treated with shunt revision, anti-tuberculosis drugs, and intravenous immunoglobulin. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) was diagnosed after bone marrow biopsy. The initial response to chemotherapy was promising. Careful history taking, avoidance of unnecessary repetition of diagnostic procedures, avoidance of a tunneled vision, and a strong clinical suspicion is important to see the hidden causes underlying a difficult case of pseudotumor cerebri. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia and carcinomatous meningitis should be sought in IIH patients with abnormal presentation and unusual response to the known treatments.
Oral Paraneoplastic Pemphigus and Pharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Rare Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Saalim Mohd , Sansare Kaustubh , Karjodkar Freny R , Rahman Bushra , Sharma Sneha R
Published: June 2020

Paraneoplastic pemphigus (PNP) is an autoimmune vesiculobullous disease of the skin and mucous membrane associated with benign and malignant neoplasm. The most common malignancies associated with PNP are hematologic and lymphomatoid. Association of oral PNP with squamous cell carcinoma of the pharynx is very scarce, very few cases are reported, and also the cases of PNP are usually refractory to the treatment mainly those associated with hematologic. Here, we reported a case of oral paraneoplastic pemphigus with squamous cell carcinoma of the pharynx that resolved on its own after completion of treatment of pharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma.
Peripheral Venous Malformations With a Dominant Outflow Vein: Results of Ethanol Embolization
Authors: Rokni-Yazdi Hadi , Ghajarzadeh Mahsa , Givan Amirhossein , Namavar Mohammad Javad , Azizi Sepehr
Published: June 2020

The article's abstract is no available.
Effects of Celecoxib on Electroconvulsive Therapy-Induced Cognitive Impairment in Patients With Major Depressive Disorder: A Pilot, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial
Authors: Banaha Nafiseh , Ghaeli Padideh , Yousefi Abolghasem , Artounian Valentin , H. Afzali Mohammad , Ghasemi Mehdi
Published: June 2020

Cognitive impairment, an important side effect of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), may be related to the release of prostaglandins in the brain. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), constitutively expressed in the CNS, has a functional role in glutamate-mediated learning and memory. The goal of this pilot, double-blind, placebocontrolled trial was to evaluate the effects of the selective COX-2 inhibitor celecoxib on the adverse cognitive effects of ECT. Twenty patients diagnosed with the major depressive disorder for which ECT was indicated as a treatment for their current episode randomly received either celecoxib (200 mg orally twice a day, a total dose of 400 mg/day) or placebo. All patients underwent the same protocol for anesthesia and ECT procedures. The patients received celecoxib or the placebo for the whole period of ECT treatment, starting the day before ECT and continuing until the sixth (last) session of ECT. The Wechsler Mental Scale-III (WMS-III), the Mini-Mental Scale Examination (MMSE), and Stroop Color test were used to assess cognition before the first session and after the first, third and sixth sessions of ECT. Hamilton rating scale for depression was also used for the assessment of depression before and after the trial. Our data showed that celecoxib group did not have significant improvement in cognition based on WMS-III or MMSE scores. There was an improvement in the Stroop Color test but not statistically significant. Our results demonstrated that although celecoxib was well tolerated in patients undergoing ECT, it did not improve related cognitive impairment. Clinical trial registration number: IRCT201201247202N2. CNS, central nervous system; COX-2, Cyclooxygenase-2; DSM-IV-TR, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fourth Edition Text Revision; ECT, electroconvulsive therapy; ECS, electroconvulsive shocks; HAM-D, Hamilton rating scale for depression; LTP, long term potentiation; MDD, major depressive disorder; MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination; NSAIDs, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; WMS-III, Wechsler Memory Scale-III.
Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior and Correlates Among Students of Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Authors: Fattahi Mohammad-Reza , Jahansouz Davoud , Halabchi Farzin , Golsoorat-Pahlaviani Fatemeh , Abouzari Fatemeh , Sajedi-Monfared Zahra , Arabzadeh Tina
Published: June 2020

Exercise and physical activity have well known physical and mental benefits, especially during students' life .This study was conducted to evaluate physical activity among students of Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS). We have randomly recruited students of TUMS in the 2017-2018 academic year to report their routine physical activity through filling out the Persian version of the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire as well as demographic characteristics among 12 different schools. Accordingly, we classified the physical activity of participants into three groups (high, moderate, and low). From a total of 425 students, data from 417 were analyzed. The age range of students was from 18 to 48, with a mean (SD) of 25.8 (5.43) years. 53.5% and 46.5% of participants were male and female, respectively. Students were classified into 3 categories of high (41%), medium (38%), and low (21%) physical activity. In the present study, 87.3% and 12.7% of students were active and inactive, respectively. There was a significant difference in the overall activity level between genders and work-related activity between students of clinical and non-clinical settings. No significant differences were found between physical activity level and other demographic data. Our results showed that the majority of students had a physical activity of more than 600 MET-min/week. No significant relationship was found between physical activity and age, school, GPA, and BMI. Compared to the national activity report, students of TUMS were at the proper level of physical activity. However, further research is needed to confirm these results.
Spontaneous Occlusion of Several Cerebral Venous Sinuses Mimicking Parkinson Disease
Authors: Jahanbakhshi Amin , Moghaddasi Mehdi , Tabibkhooei Alireza , Najafi Masoumeh
Published: June 2020

Idiopathic occlusion of nearly all cerebral venous sinuses in association with the widespread formation of dural arteriovenous fistulas (AVF) is an extremely rare condition. The cause-and-effect relationship between thrombosis and AVF is not known, but a disturbance in venous flow and distant stagnation has been mentioned as probable pathomechanisms. We introduce a patient that was misdiagnosed as Parkinson's disease and treated accordingly for weeks. Then, rapidly-progressive dementia and shortly after that, an intracerebral hemorrhage occurred, and the diagnosis was established after Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Angiography. There were a whole venous sinus system thrombosis and the formation of numerous dural arteriovenous fistulas. The mechanism and diagnostic nuances are described in this paper, and the treatment options and prognosis are discussed.
Epidemiology and Clinical Characteristics of Rotavirus and Norovirus Infections in Hospitalized Children Less Than 5 Years of Age With Acute Gastroenteritis in Tehran, Iran
Authors: Arashkia Arash , Nejat Behrooz , Farsi Mahsa , Jalilvand Somayeh , Nateghian Alireza , Rahbarimanesh Aliakbar , Moshfegh Fereshteh , Mohajel Nasir , Shoja Zabihollah
Published: June 2020

Acute gastroenteritis is one of the most important causes of death in children in developing countries which cause by different enteropathogens, including bacteria, viruses, and parasites. Among these, most of the acute gastroenteritis in children are caused by viral infections mainly by rotavirus and norovirus. This study aimed to study the epidemiological and clinical status of acute gastroenteritis resulting from rotavirus and norovirus in children between June 2015 and June 2016 in Iran. A total of 211 stool specimens were collected from Ali Asghar Children's Hospital and Bahrami Children's Hospital in Tehran, from June 2015 to June 2016. The samples were screened by commercial enzyme immunoassay (EIA) Ridascreen kit and real time RT-PCR to detect rotavirus and norovirus genogroups I and II, respectively. The information on demographic and clinical manifestations was collected, and data analyzed using IBM SPSS statistics version 22. Overall, the detection rate of rotavirus was 25.6 %, and for norovirus infection, it was 17.5%. All norovirus positive specimens belonged to genogroup II. Higher rates of rotavirus infections were observed in children from 7 to 24 months, and higher rates of norovirus infections were detected in children from 1 to 12 months. Clinical symptoms were not different between rotavirus and norovirus case-patients. The present study not only highlights the importance of rotavirus and norovirus infections in Iran but also verifies the relevance of norovirus as the cause of severe gastroenteritis in children.
Lower limb motor function and hip muscle weakness in stroke survivors and their relationship with pelvic tilt, weight-bearing asymmetry, and gait speed: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Darak Vishakha , Karthikbabu Suruliraj
Published: June 2020

Background: Poor motor recovery of hip muscles affect the walking post-stroke. The study objective was to examine how lower extremity motor function and hip muscle weakness are related to weightbearing asymmetry (WBA), excessive pelvic tilt, and gait speed in stroke survivors.
Methods: Eighty patients with chronic stroke, a mean and standard deviation (SD) of post-stroke duration of 350 ± 664 days, age of 30-70 years, independent standing, and 10-meter walking capacity participated in the study. Hip muscular strength was measured using a handheld dynamometer (HHD) and motor function was assessed by Fugl-Meyer Assessment of lower extremity (FMA-LE). The WBA was recorded using two weighing scales; whereas the pelvic tilt and gait speed were evaluated using palpation meter (PALM) and 10-meter walk test, respectively.
Results: The muscles strength of hip flexors, extensors, abductors, and adductors of the paretic side ranged between 22.0 and 24.4 pounds. The mean score of FMA-LE was 22 points. Following Pearson product-moment correlation with statistically significant P < 0.05, the relationship of hip muscles strength and FMA with WBA, lateral pelvic tilt (LPT) and anterior pelvic tilt (APT), and speed are as follows: flexors (r = 0.47, r = 0.31, r = 0.44, r = 0.44), extensors (r = 0.45, r = 0.38, r = 0.37, r = 0.35), abductors (r = 0.49, r = 0.32, r = 0.38, r= 0.40), adductors (r = 0.45, r = 0.31, r = 0.23, r = 0.34), and motor function (r = 0.62, r = 0.33, r = 0.38, r = 0.62).
Complications of therapeutic plasma exchange in patients with neurological disorders
Authors: Afzali Mahdieh , Oveisgharan Shahram , Rajabkhah Sahebeh , Abdi Siamak
Published: June 2020

Background: Therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) is the treatment of choice for many neurologic disorders. The safety of this procedure is a major concern for physicians. The aim of this study was to determine the complications of TPE in patients with neurologic disorders at a tertiary referral hospital.
Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study evaluated patients with various neurologic disorders receiving TPE in neurology department of Shariati Hospital, Tehran, Iran. Major and minor complications related to TPE were recorded.
Results: Clinical information records of 417 TPE sessions (88 patients) were available. Mean age of patients was 40.0 ± 15.8 years. Underlying diseases included central demyelinating disorders, myasthenia gravis (MG), chronic neuropathy, Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS), and autoimmune encephalopathy in 34.1%, 33.0%, 17.0%, 14.8%, and 1.1% of patients, respectively. Major complications occurred in 15.9% of patients and 37.5% of patients accounted for minor complications. Among major adverse effects, thrombosis, infection, and lifethreatening complications were seen more commonly in patients with central vascular access (P = 0.005, P = 0.003, and P = 0.010, respectively).
Conclusion: TPE complications were seen more commonly in patients with central vascular access. Therefore, use of peripheral vascular access and vigilant patient monitoring by trained health providers can reduce its complications.
Validation of Persian Individualized Neuromuscular Quality of Life in patients with muscular dystrophies
Authors: Moradi Kamyar , Jamal-Omidi Shirin , Masoudi1 Maryam , Bagheri Sayna , Nafissi Shahriar , Fatehi Farzad
Published: June 2020

Background: Neuromuscular disorders affect physical and mental aspects of a patient and in other words alter the patients’ quality of life (QOL). In the present study, we investigated the validity and reliability of the Persian version of Individualized Neuromuscular QOL (INQOL) to provide a better insight into patients’ QOL.
Methods: Original version of the INQOL was translated backward and then forward. The resultant Persian version and a standard questionnaire, 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36), were then given to 83 participants with neuromuscular disorders. Internal consistency, known-group validity, concurrent validity, and test-retest reliability were assessed.
Results: The scores of matched sections for QOL in the two questionnaires were favorably correlated (P < 0.05). Correlation between test and retest scores was also significant (P < 0.05). Moreover, the Cronbach’s alpha of 0.82 was representative of robust internal consistency between INQOL covering sections.
Conclusion: The Persian version of the INQOL can be used in clinical and research practice to detect changes in QOL which are related to neuromuscular disorders, due to its favorably reliable and valid characteristics.
5A Syndrome
Authors: Nagabushana Divya , Srikanteswara Praveen-Kumar
Published: June 2020

The article's abstract is no available.
Isolation and Genotypic Characterization of Toxoplasma gondii based on GRA6 Gene from Environmental Soil Samples in Mazandaran Province, North of Iran
Authors: HAGHPARAST-KENARI Beheshteh , SARVI Shahabeddin , SHARIF Mehdi , AHMADPOUR Ehsan , HOSSEINI Seyed Abdollah , DARYANI Ahmad
Published: June 2020

Background: Soil is one of the environmental sources of Toxoplasma gondii oocysts. The other hand, genotype of the parasite is one of the important factors for its pathogenicity. Due to the importance of toxoplasmosis on public health, this study aimed to isolation and genotyping of T. gondii in environmental soil samples of Mazandaran Province, north of Iran.
Methods: Overall, 192 soil samples were collected from different areas in Mazandaran Province from Apr to Sep 2014. The flotation method was used for recovering oocysts. Then, soil samples were investigated for DNA detection of T. gondii using nested PCR of RE gene, genotyping with Semi-nested PCR of GRA6 gene and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis. Results were analyzed using Chi-squared test. A significant difference was considered with a P<0.05.
Results: From 192 soil samples, T. gondii DNA was detected in 150 samples (78.1%). Then genotype of 23 samples was determined (91.3% type I and 8.7% type II).
Conclusion: Prevalence of T. gondii in soil samples of Mazandaran province, north of Iran is high and T. gondii GRA6 type I is predominant. Soil can be the most important source of severe toxoplasmosis in this province.
Prevalence and Viability of Toxocara spp. Eggs in Soil of Public Parks in Northwestern Mexico
Authors: VARGAS NAVA Alexis Israel , CASTRO DEL CAMPO Nohemí , ENRÍQUEZ VERDUGO Idalia , PORTILLO LOERA Jesús José , BARRAZA TIZOC Claudia Leonor , GAXIOLA CAMACHO Soila Maribel
Published: June 2020

Background: Toxocara spp. is a zoonotic parasite that can infect human; children are the largest group at risk of infection. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the prevalence and viability of Toxocara spp. eggs in the soil of public parks.
Methods: Overall, 1180 soil samples from 236 public parks in four sectors of the city of Culiacan were collected at random, between Jun and Dec, 2013. The presence of Toxocara spp. eggs was determined by light microscopy using a centrifugation-flotation technique and viability by trypan blue staining technique.
Results: Of the 236 parks sampled, 18 were positive to Toxocara spp. resulting in a prevalence of 7.6% and viability of 94.4% with a P<0.05. Detection of Toxocara spp.in soil samples was 16.5% and viability 94.7% with a P<0.05. Parks positive to Toxocara spp., had sports fields and playgrounds (94.4%), trees and green areas (88.8%).
Conclusion: Although a low prevalence of Toxoxara spp. eggs in the soil of public parks was found, they exhibited high viability, suggesting that the soil from these public parks is a source of infection for pets and humans especially children.
Clinico-Hematological Findings of Acute Pediatric Visceral Leishmaniasis Referred to the Northeast of Iran during 2005-2015
Authors: BARANI Shaghik , TURKI Habibollah , SHAFIEI Reza , JAFARZADEH Fatemeh , HOSSEINZADEH MALEKI Hoda , RAEGHI Saber
Published: June 2020

Abstract Background: To characterize the epidemiological, clinical, hematological and biochemical features of 33 cases hospitalized with pediatric visceral leishmaniasis (PVL) in North Khorasan Province of Iran from 2005 to 2015.
Methods: The serological, hematological and biochemical tests were employed in 33 children between 8 months to 6 yr with a final diagnosis of acute visceral leishmaniasis (VL). The diagnosis of VL was established by microscopic demonstration of Leishmania spp. amastigotes inactive bone marrow aspiration (BMA).
Results: The most common presenting features were anemia (82.5%), fever (75%), and hepatosplenomegaly (45.4%). Various hematological parameters showed that most patients were suffering from moderate to severe microcytic hypochromic anemia (78.8% had RBC count less than 4 million cells/ul, 67.7% Hb less than 8 fl). 66.7% of them were leukopenic (WBC: less than 5× 103 /μL) and 24.2% had decreased platelet counts. Pancytopenia was observed in 18.2% of cases. MCV, MCH, and MCHC levels were below the reference range in 88%, 90% and 85.1% of the patients respectively. Moreover, aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) levels were increased in 53.33% and 6.66% of the patients respectively. 92.9% of cases were C-reactive protein (CRP) positive. Bone marrow was found hyper-cellular in all of them, and myeloid to erythroid ratio (M/E) was more than 4 in 39.1% of cases. Plasma cells slightly were increased in 60% of patients and megakaryocytes were decreased in thrombocytopenic patients.
Conclusion: Bone marrow/splenic aspiration still remains the gold standard test despite its risk and pain for patients.
Arthrospira maxima Paradoxical Effect on Trypanosoma cruzi-Infection
Authors: A REBOREDA-HERNANDEZ Oscar , JUAREZ-SERRANO Adriana L. , GARCIA-LUNA Ivan , RIVERO-RAMIREZ Nora L , ORTIZ-BUTRON Rocio , NOGUEDA-TORRES Benjamín , GONZALEZ-RODRIGUEZ Nayeli
Published: June 2020

Background: There are only two anti-trypanocidal drugs available, both have a lot of side effects. This is the pioneer study designed to evaluate the Arthrospira maxima effect in Trypanosoma cruzi -infected mice and macrophages.
effect in Trypanosoma cruzi -infected mice and macrophages. Methods: A. maxima was administered in vivo, and in vitro (120µL/mL; 200 µL/mL; 500 µL/mL; 852 µL/mL) as prophylaxis, and treatment. In vitro, phagocytosis and viability were measured in macrophages cultures supplemented with A. maxima, and T. cruzi-infected. In vivo A. maxima was supplemented to T. cruziinfected mice in order to obtain the parasitemia curves, parasite amount, and histopathologic changes. This assay was performed in Biological Sciences National School of National Polytechnic Institute, Mexico City, in 2019.
Results: In vivo, A. maxima administration exacerbates the immune innate host´s response, followed by mice early death. In vitro, A. maxima supplementation promote T. cruzi- macrophage phagocytosis, but also a sooner T. cruzi- infected macrophage death.
Conclusion: A. maxima administration overactive the immune system, decreasing the parasitemia, but causing a severe tissue damage. Then, this nutraceutical has a paradoxical effect on intracellular parasitic infections such as Chagas disease.
The Effects of pH and Temperature on Cysteine Protease (Cathepsin B) Activity in Miracidia and Eggs of Fasciola hepatica
Authors: KIANIFARD Leila , YAKHCHALI Mohammad , IMANI Mehdi
Published: June 2020

Abstract Background: Fascioliasis is a worldwide zoonotic disease caused by the trematodes Fasciola hepatica in humans and animals. Proteases are essential for the survival of parasites and have important activities such as penetration, tissue migration, and egg hatching. This study was conducted to analyze cysteine protease of the miracidia and eggs of F. hepatica, and to assess the effects of pH and temperature on the proteases activity and stability.
Methods: Adults F. hepatica were isolated from infected livers and were morphologically identified in 2018. Eggs collected from the adults and incubated in distilled water at 28 °C for 16 d to produce miracidia. The extract was collected from miracidia and eggs. A substrate for cathepsin B (Z-Arg-Arg-Pna) was used to assess the enzyme activity at different (2-12) pH levels. After homogenization, protein level was measured with Bradford method. Estimation of optimum temperature and pH was performed in the temperature range of 10-90 ° C and pH values from 2-12.
Results: The highest activity of the miracidia and eggs enzyme extracts for Z-ArgArg-pNA was at pH 4. The miracidia extract was most stable at neutral pH and the eggs extract was most stable in acidic pH. The optimum temperature activity for both stages was 40 °C. These proteases were stable up to 40 °C.
Conclusion: Upon the importance of pH and temperature in the life cycle of F. hepatica, the current findings can be used for induction of some modifications in pH and preventing the activity of the enzymes for decrement of the efficacy of miracidia penetration into the intermediate snails and egg hatching of this zoonotic parasite.