bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Plasma-catalysed reaction Mn++ L–H → MOFs: facile and tunable construction of metal–organic frameworks in dielectric barrier discharge
Authors: Jiang Xue , Lin Zhi'en , Zeng Xiaoliang , He Juan , Xu Fujian , Deng Pengchi , Jia Jia , Jiang Xiaoming , Hou Xiandeng , Long Zhou
Published: September 2019

A fast, energy-saving and green strategy was proposed for preparing diverse and fine-tuned metal–organic frameworks in either DMF or ethanol, catalyzed by liquid-phase plasma generatedviadielectric barrier discharge.
Emergent electronically-controllable local-field-inducer based on a molecular break-junction with magnetic radical
Authors: Xiong Yong-Chen , Zhou Wang-Huai , Li Wei , Huang Hai-Ming , Laref Amel , Nan Nan , Zhang Jun , Yang Jun-Tao
Published: September 2019

Model of an electronically-controllable local-field-inducer.
Kinetics of pressure-induced nanocrystal superlattice formation
Authors: Lehmkühler Felix , Schroer Martin A. , Markmann Verena , Frenzel Lara , Möller Johannes , Lange Holger , Grübel Gerhard , Schulz Florian
Published: September 2019

The formation of superlattices from aqueous suspensions of PEGylated gold nanocrystals at high hydrostatic pressure is studied by means of time-resolved small angle X-ray scattering.
Novel Pt(ii) complexes with modified aroyl-hydrazone Schiff-base ligands: synthesis, cytotoxicity and action mechanism
Authors: Deng Jungang , Yu Ping , Zhang Zhenlei , Zhang Juzheng , Zhewen Sun , Cai Meiling , Yuan Haoliang , Liang Hong , Yang Feng
Published: September 2019

The complex-induced apoptosis of cancer cellsvia: (1) the mitochondrial pathway; (2) inserting into and cleaving DNA; and (3) inhibiting telomerase.
Design, synthesis and isolation of a new 1,2,5-selenadiazolidyl and structural and magnetic characterization of its alkali-metal salts
Authors: Semenov Nikolay A. , Radiush Ekaterina A. , Chulanova Elena A. , Slawin Alexandra M. Z. , Woollins J. Derek , Kadilenko Evgeny M. , Bagryanskaya Irina Yu. , Irtegova Irina G. , Bogomyakov Artem S. , Shundrin Leonid A. , Gritsan Nina P. , Zibarev Andrey V.
Published: September 2019

A new electron acceptor is synthesized and reduced into its radical-anion isolated in the form of two salts with different structures and magnetic properties.
Gold nanorod enhanced conjugated polymer/photosensitizer composite nanoparticles for simultaneous two-photon excitation fluorescence imaging and photodynamic therapy
Authors: Li Shuang , Shen Xiaoqin , Xu Qing-Hua , Cao Yong
Published: September 2019

Plasmon resonance and energy transfer are integrated to prepare nano-photosensitizers with enhanced two-photon excitation fluorescence and singlet oxygen generation ability.
Cytotoxic and antimicrobial indole alkaloids from an endophytic fungusChaetomiumsp. SYP-F7950 ofPanax notoginseng
Authors: Peng Fei , Hou Shao-Yang , Zhang Tian-Yuan , Wu Ying-Ying , Zhang Meng-Yue , Yan Xi-Meng , Xia Ming-Yu , Zhang Yi-Xuan
Published: September 2019

Two new compounds chetoseminudin F (1) and G (2) together with eleven known compounds were isolated from the solid fermentation products of the endophytic fungusChaetomiumsp. SYP-F7950.
Ionic liquids strongly affect the interaction of bacteria with magnesium oxide and silica nanoparticles
Authors: Borkowski Andrzej , Syczewski Marcin , Czarnecka-Skwarek Anna
Published: September 2019

The antibacterial properties of nanoparticles can be strongly affected by interactions with ionic liquids.
A photo-crosslinkable bis-triarylamine side-chain polymer as a hole-transport material for stable perovskite solar cells
Authors: Tremblay Marie-Hélène , Schutt Kelly , Zhang Yadong , Lim Jongchul , Lin Yen-Hung , Warby Jonathan H. , Barlow Stephen , Snaith Henry J. , Marder Seth R.
Published: September 2019

A crosslinkable acrylate random copolymer with both bis(triarylamine) and photocrosslinkable cinnamate side chains is compared to the widely used poly(4-butyl-triphenylamine-4′,4′′-diyl) as a hole-transport material in perovskite solar cells.
An assembly of carbon dots and carbon sheets from plant biomass for excellent oxygen reduction reaction
Authors: Han Guosheng , Wang Ao , Han Lei , Cui Xingyu , Wu Xianli , Wang Xiangyu , Liu Yanyan
Published: September 2019

An assembly of carbon dots and carbon sheets has been prepared from plant biomass, which exhibited excellent activity for the oxygen reduction reaction.
Cross-Cultural Adaptation of the Scale of Auditory Behaviors Questionnaire
Authors: Skarżyński Henryk , Bieńkowska Katarzyna , Gos Elżbieta , Skarżyński Piotr Henryk , Grudzień Diana , Czajka Natalia , Wołujewicz Kinga , Włodarczyk Elżbieta
Published: September 2019

Purpose

Children with (central) auditory processing disorder [(C)APD] exhibit many cognitive difficulties and receive negative psychosocial consequences from their disorder. Diagnosis of (C)APD relies on multidisciplinary assessment, including psychological testing. There is a strong need for valid and reliable questionnaires to identify children who are at risk of (C)APD. This work aims to establish the psychometric properties of the Polish version of the Scale of Auditory Behaviors (SAB;Domitz & Schow, 2000;Krzeszewska & Kurkowski, 2015;Miranda, Bruera, & Serra 2016;Musiek & Chermak, 2007;Nunes et al., 2013) as a screening tool in children.

Method

The SAB was administered to parents of 326 children (152 girls and 174 boys) aged from 6 to 12 years (M= 8.24,SD= 1.56). The questionnaire consists of 12 items related to various symptoms of (C)APD and allows the frequency of particular behaviors to be assessed. In addition, the questionnaire Children's Home Inventory for Listening Difficulties was administered to parents, and 3 other psychoacoustic behavioral tests (Frequency Pattern Test, Duration Pattern Test, Dichotic Digit Test;Czajka et al., 2012) were conducted on the children to evaluate their auditory abilities.

Results

The Polish version of SAB demonstrated high internal consistency (Cronbach's α = .93), confirmed by interitem correlations. Intraclass correlation, which was used to determine reproducibility, was .95. There were also significant and positive relationships, ranging fromr= .17 to .68, between the SAB score and scores of other measures, indicating convergent validity of the tool. Girls demonstrated higher SAB scores than boys (p< .05); however, age was not statistically significant. A ceiling effect was detected, but no floor effect.

Conclusions

Results of psychometric and statistical analyses suggest the Polish version of SAB appears to be a valid and reliable questionnaire to evaluate symptoms of (C)APD in children, especially as a screening tool.
Lungenembolie
Authors: Hobohm Lukas , Lankeit Mareike
Published: September 2019

Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a life-threatening disease and the third most frequent cardiovascular cause of death after stroke and myocardial infarction. The annual incidence is increasing. The individual risk for PE-related complications and death increases with the number of comorbidities and severity of right ventricular dysfunction. Using clinical, laboratory and imaging parameters, patients with PE can be stratified to four risk classes (high, intermediate-high, intermediate-low and low risk). This risk stratification has concrete therapeutic consequences ranging from out-of-hospital treatment of low-risk patients to reperfusion treatment of (intermediate-) high-risk patients. For haemodynamically unstable patients, a treatment decision should preferable be made in interdisciplinary “Pulmonary Embolism Response Teams” (PERT). Being comparably efficient and due to a preferable safety profile compared to vitamin-K antagonists (VKAs), non-vitamin K-dependent oral anticoagulants (NOACs) are increasingly considered to be the treatment of choice for initial and prolonged anticoagulation of patients with pulmonary embolism. The use of low molecular weight heparins (LMWHs) is recommended for PE patients with cancer; however, recent studies indicate that treatment with factor Xa-inhibitors may be effective and safe (in patients without gastrointestinal cancer). Only prolonged anticoagulation (in reduced dosage) will ensure reduction of VTE recurrence and thus should be considered for all patients with unprovoked events.
Komplikationen der Leberzirrhose – medikamentöse versus interventionelle Therapie
Authors: Sturm Lukas , Rössle Martin , Schultheiß Michael
Published: September 2019

The prognosis of patients with liver cirrhosis is impaired by complications such as variceal bleeding, ascites, hepatorenal syndrome, hepatic encephalopathy and hepatocellular carcinoma. A steadily increasing array of treatment options for these complications is available, including pharmaceutical treatment (e. g. beta blockers for varices or diuretics for ascites), endoscopic treatment (e. g. band ligation of varices), radiological interventions (e. g. transjugular shunt, transarterial chemoembolization) and liver transplantation. Most of the complications occur due to portal hypertension. Therefore, decompressive treatment by implantation of a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) an effective therapeutic option for many complications of liver cirrhosis. Its main indications are acute and recurrent variceal bleeding in patients with advanced disease as well as refractory ascites. The TIPS does not affect options of abdominal surgery and may therefore be used as a bridge to liver transplantation.
Begutachtung von Patienten mit Osteoporose im
Schwerbehindertenrecht
Authors: Gehlen Martin , Pfeifer Michael , Lazarescu Ana Doina , Hanneforth Margreth , Hinz Christian , Schwarz-Eywill Michael
Published: September 2019

Der Gesetzgeber stellt Menschen mit Behinderung unter einen besonderen Schutz.
Die Schwere der Behinderung wird anhand des „Grads der Behinderung/GdB“
beschrieben. Einer Funktionsstörung im Rahmen einer Erkrankung wird ein GdB
zugeordnet. Die Versorgungs-Medizin-Verordnung regelt die Höhe des jeweiligen
GdB in insgesamt 18 Kapiteln. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wurden den abstrakten
Angaben der Versorgungs-Medizin-Verordnung konkrete Kriterien für die
Beurteilung der Funktionseinschränkungen bei Osteoporose zugeordnet. Es ist das
Ziel dieser Arbeit, für die Ermittlung des GdB bei Patienten mit Osteoporose
konkrete, allgemein anerkannte und nachvollziehbare Kriterien zu etablieren um
bundesweit einheitliche Bewertungsmaßstäbe sicherzustellen.
E-Zigarette und Gesundheit – Pro – Risikoreduktion durch die E-Zigarette als Teil der Sekundärprävention bei pAVK
Authors: Kröger Knut
Published: September 2019

Smoking is the most important risk factor for peripheral arterial occlusive disease (paod). Smoking cessation is and remains the gold standard in the secondary prevention recommendation. E-cigarettes/tobacco heaters are recommended for smokers who are unable to stop smoking or who do not want it. According to the recommendation of the German Society of Addiction, switching to e-cigarettes/tobacco heaters in this group of smokers, who are not accessible for smoking cessation strategies, can achieve a more than 90 % reduction of pollutant exposure. However, physicians who treat vascular patients in Germany lack fundamental knowledge about the variety of e-cigarettes/tobacco heaters, their handling and their emissions. Therefore, an open and professional discussion among cardiologists, angiologists and vascular surgeons on smoking cessation and harm reduction is necessary.
E-Zigaretten und Gesundheit – Contra
Authors: Hanewinkel Reiner
Published: September 2019

E-cigarettes are not a safe alternative to cigarettes, and may substantially increase cardiovascular and lung disease risks. Rather than stimulating smokers to switch from conventional cigarettes to e-cigarettes only, most e-cigarette users are dual users. E-cigarettes are prolonging nicotine addiction and expanding the nicotine market by attracting youth.
Medizinische Trainingstherapie zur Prävention und
Rehabilitation von Wirbelkörperfrakturen bei Osteoporose
Authors: Pfeifer Michael , Sinaki Mehrsheed
Published: September 2019

Das Ziel der Medizinischen Trainingstherapie bei Osteoporose und
Wirbelkörperfrakturen besteht darin, die Rückenmuskulatur zur Verbesserung einer
aufrechten Körperhaltung zu kräftigen. Deshalb sollte ein spezifisches
Trainingsprogramm entsprechend den individuellen Fähigkeiten der Patienten
zuerst im Sitzen begonnen werden, um dann mit zunehmendem Kraftzuwachs auf das
Stehen überzugehen. Mit abnehmender Brüchigkeit und zunehmender Stabilität kann
dann auch ein isometrisches Krafttraining für die Rückenmuskulatur begonnen
werden. Durch ein derartiges Training konnte im Rahmen einer prospektiven
randomisierten Studie bei peri- oder unmittelbar postmenopausalen Frauen bei
zunehmender Kraft der Rückenmuskulatur das spätere Auftreten von
Wirbelkörperfrakturen um etwa zwei Drittel gesenkt werden. Zusätzlich können
durch das „SPEED-Programm“ signifikante Verbesserungen von Rückenschmerzen,
Kyphose, Sturzrisiko und Leistungsfähigkeit im Alltag erreicht werden. Dabei
handelt es sich um ein dynamisches, propriozeptives Training zur Kräftigung der
Rückenextensoren. Hierzu wird das „Posture Training Support“ (PTS) eingesetzt.
Diese Unterstützung besteht aus einem, je nach Trainingszustand, unterschiedlich
schweren Rucksack, der zu einer Abnahme von Rundrücken und Schmerzen führen
kann, wie sie durch Wirbelkörperkompressionsfrakturen entstanden sind. Durch die
verbesserte Aufrichtung wird dann auch ein Reiben von Rippen auf den
Beckenkämmen, was in extremen Fällen durchaus auftreten kann, vermieden.

Insgesamt sollte die medizinische Trainingstherapie zu einer Zunahme an
Muskelkraft führen, ohne die Wirbelsäule durch zusätzliche Kräfte zu sehr zu
belasten. Dadurch gelingt es dann auch, Stürzen und Frakturen vorzubeugen.
Ähnlich wie bei der medikamentösen Behandlung sollte auch die Bewegungstherapie
individuell dosiert werden.

Im Rahmen der Rehabilitation können flexible, semi-rigide Rückenorthesen an die
individuelle Form der Wirbelsäule angepasst werden. Über einen sogenannten
„Biofeedback-Mechanismus“ kann ebenfalls eine Kraftzunahme im Bereich der
Rumpfmuskulatur bei vorhandenen Wirbelkörperfrakturen erreicht werden.
Vermutlich über eine Schmerzreduktion ist eine erhöhte Leistungsfähigkeit im
Alltag erreichbar. Klinische Studien zeigen, dass im Verlauf einer Tragezeit von
6 bis 12 Monaten durch eine Kräftigung der Rückenstrecker eine aufrechtere
Haltung mit verbessertem Standgleichgewicht erzielbar ist. Möglicherweise kann
hierdurch auch eine Verringerung der Sturz- und Frakturrate erreicht werden.
Risk Adjusting Health Care Provider Collaboration Networks
Authors: Chandler Ariel E. , Mutharasan R. Kannan , Amelia Lia , Carson Matthew B. , Scholtens Denise M. , Soulakis Nicholas D.
Published: September 2019

Objectives The quality of hospital discharge care and patient factors (health and sociodemographic) impact the rates of unplanned readmissions. This study aims to measure the effects of controlling for the patient factors when using readmission rates to quantify the weighted edges between health care providers in a collaboration network. This improved understanding may inform strategies to reduce hospital readmissions, and facilitate quality-improvement initiatives.

Methods We extracted 4 years of patient, provider, and activity data related to cardiology discharge workflow. A Weibull model was developed to predict the risk of unplanned 30-day readmission. A provider–patient bipartite network was used to connect providers by shared patient encounters. We built collaboration networks and calculated the Shared Positive Outcome Ratio (SPOR) to quantify the relationship between providers by the relative rate of patient outcomes, using both risk-adjusted readmission rates and unadjusted readmission rates. The effect of risk adjustment on the calculation of the SPOR metric was quantified using a permutation test and descriptive statistics.

Results Comparing the collaboration networks consisting of 2,359 provider pairs, we found that SPOR values with risk-adjusted outcomes are significantly different than unadjusted readmission as an outcome measure (p-value = 0.025). The two networks classified the same provider pairs as high-scoring 51.5% of the time, and the same low scoring provider pairs 85.6% of the time. The observed differences in patient demographics and disease characteristics between high-scoring and low-scoring provider pairs were reduced by applying the risk-adjusted model. The risk-adjusted model reduced the average variation across each individual's SPOR scored provider connections.

Conclusions Risk adjusting unplanned readmission in a collaboration network has an effect on SPOR-weighted edges, especially on classifying high-scoring SPOR provider pairs. The risk-adjusted model reduces the variance of providers' connections and balances shared patient characteristics between low- and high-scoring provider pairs. This indicates that the risk-adjusted SPOR edges better measure the impact of collaboration on readmissions by accounting for patients' risk of readmission.
New Onset Intraparenchymal Hemorrhage Following Infant Feeding Tube-Guided Evacuation of Chronic Subdural Hematoma: A Report of Two Cases
Authors: Khandelwal Ankur , Singh Gyaninder P. , Garg Mayank , Chaturvedi Arvind
Published: September 2019

Chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) is one of the most common neurosurgical conditions and is usually treated by simple burr-hole drainage. Prognosis is usually good unless complications occur. Use of infant feeding tube (IFT) for irrigation of hematoma in case of CSDH with septum is a common practice. However, it poses a significant risk. We present two cases of intraparenchymal hemorrhage as a complication of CSDH evacuation in which IFT was used for irrigation.
Predictors of Coronary Slow Flow Phenomenon: A Retrospective Study
Authors: V. Satish Kumar Rao , Garre Indrani
Published: September 2019

Aim This study aimed to analyze laboratory predictors, angiographic profile, clinical profile, and risk factors for coronary slow flow (CSF) phenomenon without coronary obstructive lesion in patients who came for a coronary angiogram.

Materials and Methods The case-control study consisted of patients who underwent coronary angiography and were divided into two groups: patients with coronary slow flow (case group, n = 100) and patients with the normal coronary flow (control group, n = 100). Coronary flow was studied using corrected thrombolysis in myocardial infarction frame count (CTFC). The slow flow was defined as CTFC beyond 2 standard deviations from the normal published range. Risk factors including age, sex, diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension, dyslipidemia, smoking, body mass index (BMI), hematological and biochemical parameters (complete blood picture, platelet count, total and differential leucocyte count, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio [PLR], neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio [NLR] and lipid profile) were assessed. In both groups, clinical information was collected, and laboratory parameters were measured and compared.

Results Patients with CSF were more likely to be male and active smokers. Total cholesterol, triglyceride, BMI, and DM were more commonly seen in the CSF group compared with the control group. Inflammatory markers like uric acid (p = 0.03) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (Hs-CRP) (p = 0.000) were found to be statistically significant. Hematocrit (p = 0.023), NLR (p = 0.001), total cholesterol (p = 0.000), triglycerides (p = 0.000), and BMI (p = 0.000) were statistically significant. PLR has the tendency of statistically significance (p = 0.059) BMI, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and Hs-CRP were strong predictors for CSF.

Conclusion CSF was common in males, smokers, DM patients, and it was associated with high NLR, uric acid, and Hs-CRP levels. The independent predictor of CSF was BMI, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and Hs-CRP levels. These findings provide an impetus for additional studies to confirm the role of other inflammatory markers in CSF patients and treatment strategies depending on that.
Uncommon Coronary Abnormalities in a Patient with Discoid Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Valencia Damian , Linares Juan , Das Sulagna , Valencia Victor , Yatsynovich Yan
Published: September 2019

A 43-year-old male presented with shortness of breath and palpitations. Physical examination was significant for skin lichenification, an erythematous maculopapular rash with annular plaques, a fissured tongue, and digital clubbing. Electrocardiogram captured a supraventricular tachycardia and right bundle branch block. Left heart catheterization found several proximal left coronary artery branch aneurysms, a right coronary–pulmonary artery fistula, venous–luminal vessels between the right heart chambers and cardiac veins, and thebesian venous lakes. Functional cardiac capacity was reduced, with left ventricular ejection fraction of 35 to 40%, on ventriculogram. A diagnosis of discoid lupus erythematosus was established after skin biopsies revealed systemic lupus erythematosus-like features but negative anti-nuclear, anti-Smith, anti-ds-deoxyribonucleic acid, anti-Ro, and anti-La antibodies. The case reported is unique, in that while our patient had pathologic electrophysiologic changes typically seen with autoimmune disease, the patient had many anatomical cardiac anomalies without atherosclerotic coronary disease. It is uncertain whether these findings are purely incidental or are related to an underlying genetic disorder.
Multiangle retrodirective cascaded metasurface
Authors: Kalaagi Mohammed , Seetharamdoo Divitha
Published: September 2019

In this paper, a cascaded retrodirective metasurface is designed and demonstrated to operate simultaneously at a wide range of incident angles from −30° to −10° and 10° to 30°. It is based on the design of several retrodirective super-cells following the generalized Snell’s law of reflection, where each super-cell is designed to redirect an incoming wave back in the same direction with high efficiency. This metasurface is a very good candidate as a retroreflector for radar cross-section (RCS) enhancement of targets with poor backscattering. Retrodirective topologies have been a subject of interest, and several engineered topologies exist, such as the corner dihedral. Despite their good performances at a range of incident angles, their 3-dimensional bulky structure makes them hard to implement for different applications and they do not address extreme incident angles. The metasurface proposed can be a complementary solution to existing topologies for addressing extreme oblique incident angles while being more compact due to its two-dimensional subwavelength structure design. The monostatic radar cross-section (RCS) performance of the designed metasurface of dimensions 8.163×56.23 cm2 has been compared to that of a conventional corner dihedral of dimensions 8×15.5×7.75 cm3, and a gain of up to 50 dB of monostatic radar cross section (RCS) in the ranges −30° to −20° and 20° to 30° was obtained. Comparable performances are observed in the ranges −20° to −10° and 10° to 20° between the designed metasurface and the corner dihedral. Experimental results are shown to be in good agreement with simulation results.
Modulation of sound waves for flow past a rotary oscillating cylinder in a non-synchronous region
Authors: Ganta Naveen , Mahato Bikash , Bhumkar Yogesh G.
Published: September 2019

Modulation of sound waves for the laminar flow past a rotary oscillating circular cylinder has been studied for a free-stream Reynolds number Re = 150 and Mach number M = 0.2. Modulation of sound waves has been observed if the combination of applied rotary oscillation frequency and amplitude belongs to the nonsynchronous region where the hydrodynamic and acoustic quantities vary with the vortex shedding frequency as well as the applied forcing frequency. Two-dimensional direct numerical simulations (DNS) are carried out on a highly refined grid using high resolution physical dispersion relation preserving schemes for a nondimensional forcing frequency-ratio range 0.1 ≤ fr ≤ 2.0 at a nondimensional surface speed A1 = 0.1. Both the synchronous and the nonsynchronous zones are identified based on the time-varying fluctuations in the lift and the drag coefficients. In the nonsynchronous zone, modulation phenomena of the lift and the drag coefficients are explained by plotting the stream-function contours over multiple vortex shedding cycles. The modulation periods associated with the fluctuating lift and the drag coefficients are different for some cases. This particular observation is in contrast with the observation expressed in the previous studies investigating similar problems. Disturbance pressure fields obtained from the present DNS data are used to analyze the characteristics of radiated sound fields, especially in the nonsynchronous zone. Information related to aerodynamic sound sources has been obtained using approximated Lighthill’s stress tensor, and it is shown that the aerodynamic sound sources also display the modulation phenomenon similar to that observed in the vortex shedding process. Sound fields related to the nonsynchronous zone also exhibit the modulation phenomenon and are governed by the shedding frequency, the forcing frequency, and their linear combinations. Radiated sound field characteristics are further related to the time-varying fluctuations of the lift and the drag coefficients using Curle’s acoustic analogy. Modulated sound waves observed along the upstream and the transverse directions have similar time variation as that of the drag and the lift coefficients, respectively. The phenomenon of beat formation has been observed for the ranges 0.9 ≤ fr ≤ 0.99 and 1.2 ≤ fr ≤ 1.4. Although the observed modulation of sound waves varies significantly with the forcing frequency-ratio, the net radiated sound power has almost remained constant in the nonbeating, nonsynchronous zone. Furthermore, it is confirmed that the dominant sound modes obtained during the proper orthogonal decomposition of disturbance pressure fields in the nonsynchronous zone are related to the shedding frequency-ratio, the forcing frequency-ratio, and their linear combinations.
Sub-Kelvin cooling for two kilopixel bolometer arrays in the PIPER receiver
Authors: Switzer E. R. , Ade P. A. R. , Baildon T. , Benford D. , Bennett C. L. , Chuss D. T. , Datta R. , Eimer J. R. , Fixsen D. J. , Gandilo N. N. , Essinger-Hileman T. M. , Halpern M. , Hilton G. , Irwin K. , Jhabvala C. , Kimball M. , Kogut A. , Lazear J. , Lowe L. N. , McMahon J. J. , Miller T. M. , Mirel P. , Moseley S. H. , Pawlyk S. , Rodriguez S. , Sharp E. , Shirron P. , Staguhn J. G. , Sullivan D. F. , Taraschi P. , Tucker C. E. , Walts A. , Wollack E. J.
Published: September 2019

The Primordial Inflation Polarization Explorer (PIPER) is a balloon-borne telescope mission to search for inflationary gravitational waves from the early universe. PIPER employs two 32 × 40 arrays of superconducting transition-edge sensors, which operate at 100 mK. An open bucket Dewar of liquid helium maintains the receiver and telescope optics at 1.7 K. We describe the thermal design of the receiver and sub-Kelvin cooling with a continuous adiabatic demagnetization refrigerator (CADR). The CADR operates between 70 and 130 mK and provides ≈10 μW cooling power at 100 mK, nearly five times the loading of the two detector assemblies. We describe electronics and software to robustly control the CADR, overall CADR performance in flightlike integrated receiver testing, and practical considerations for implementation in the balloon float environment.
Temporal evolution of photo-induced thermal strain in InSb probed by ultra-short laser produced Cu Kα x-rays
Authors: Rathore R. , Singhal H. , Chakera J. A.
Published: September 2019

Development and characterization of a wire target based kHz rep rate Cu Kα x-ray source using a Ti:sapphire laser system and its use in time resolved x-ray diffraction (TXRD) of the InSb (111) sample are presented. The observed Kα x-ray photon flux is ∼3.2 × 109 photons sr−1 s−1 at a laser intensity of ∼3.5 × 1016 W cm−2. TXRD signal from the InSb (111) crystal pumped by an ultrashort Ti:sapphire laser pulse (fluence ∼ 13 mJ cm−2) shows a lattice expansion due to heating on a multipicosecond time scale. The crystal gradually cools down and recovers at ∼1.5 ns after the laser excitation. The observed strain variation in the crystal matches well with the simulated results. The study of full recovery of the sample will be helpful for the development of InSb based devices.
Vibronic coupling in the F·CH4 prereactive complex
Authors: Schäpers Daniela , Manthe Uwe
Published: September 2019

The F + CH4 → HF + CH3 reaction shows a counter-intuitive mode-selective chemistry and prominent resonances. The prereactive F·CH4 complex formed in the entrance channel is assumed to play an important role in the dynamics of the reaction. The present work investigates the effect of nonadiabatic transitions and the geometric phase on the low-lying quasibound states of the F·CH4 complex. Quantum dynamics calculations employing the multiconfigurational time-dependent Hartree approach and accurately accounting for vibronic as well as spin-orbit coupling are performed. Extending previous work [D. Schäpers and U. Manthe, J. Phys. Chem. A 120, 3186 (2016)], which was restricted to the dynamics on a single adiabatic potential energy surface and found the relative rotation of F and CH4 to proceed almost freely, we found chaotic patterns if vibronic coupling is included. While nonadiabatic transitions strongly affect individual resonances, their effect on averaged quantum state densities and the photodetachment spectrum of F⋅CH4− is found to be minor.
An embedded boundary approach for efficient simulations of viscoplastic fluids in three dimensions
Authors: Sverdrup Knut , Almgren Ann , Nikiforakis Nikolaos
Published: September 2019

We present a methodology for simulating three-dimensional flow of incompressible viscoplastic fluids modeled by generalized Newtonian rheological equations. It is implemented in a highly efficient framework for massively parallelizable computations on block-structured grids. In this context, geometric features are handled by the embedded boundary approach, which requires specialized treatment only in cells intersecting or adjacent to the boundary. This constitutes the first published implementation of an embedded boundary algorithm for simulating flow of viscoplastic fluids on structured grids. The underlying algorithm employs a two-stage Runge-Kutta method for temporal discretization, in which viscous terms are treated semi-implicitly and projection methods are utilized to enforce the incompressibility constraint. We augment the embedded boundary algorithm to deal with the variable apparent viscosity of the fluids. Since the viscosity depends strongly on the strain rate tensor, special care has been taken to approximate the components of the velocity gradients robustly near boundary cells, both for viscous wall fluxes in cut cells and for updates of apparent viscosity in cells adjacent to them. After performing convergence analysis and validating the code against standard test cases, we present the first ever fully three-dimensional simulations of creeping flow of Bingham plastics around translating objects. Our results shed new light on the flow fields around these objects.
Particle-particle ladder based basis-set corrections applied to atoms and molecules using coupled-cluster theory
Authors: Irmler Andreas , Grüneis Andreas
Published: September 2019

We investigate the basis-set convergence of electronic correlation energies calculated using coupled cluster theory and a recently proposed finite basis-set correction technique. The correction is applied to atomic and molecular systems and is based on a diagrammatically decomposed coupled cluster singles and doubles (CCSD) correlation energy. Only the second-order energy and the particle-particle ladder term are corrected for their basis-set incompleteness error. We present absolute correlation energies and results for a large benchmark set. Our findings indicate that basis set reductions by two cardinal numbers are possible for atomization energies, ionization potentials, and electron affinities without compromising accuracy when compared to conventional CCSD calculations. In the case of reaction energies, we find that reductions by one cardinal number are possible compared to conventional CCSD calculations. The employed technique can readily be applied to other many-electron theories without the need for three- or four-electron integrals.
Multi-phonon (percolation) behavior and local clustering of CdxZn1−xSe-cubic mixed crystals (x ≤ 0.3): A Raman–ab initio study
Authors: Shoker M. B. , Pagès O. , Dicko H. , Torres V. J. B. , Postnikov A. V. , Polian A. , Firszt F. , Strzałkowski K. , En Naciri A. , Broch L. , Rao M. N. , Rao R. , Maillard A. , Itié J.-P.
Published: September 2019

We present a polarization-dependent pure transverse-optic (TO) Raman study of high-quality CdxZn1−xSe single crystals with zincblende (cubic) structures (x≤0.3) covering both the phonon and phonon-polariton variants of the TO modes, using suitable backward and near-forward scattering geometries, respectively. Insight into the native phonon regime of the phonon-polaritons is obtained at intermediate composition of the random crystal (x=0.5,0.3) and at the (Cd,Zn)-dilute limits (x∼0.1; using prototype impurity motifs) by applying ab initio codes to large supercells (64–216 atoms), with special attention to both the Raman intensities and the phonon frequencies. The experimental (Raman) and theoretical (ab initio) results converge onto a percolation-type three-phonon [1×(Cd-Se),2×(Zn-Se)] pattern for CdxZn1−xSe. On the practical side, the interplay between the oscillator strengths of the two Zn-Se Raman modes is used to diagnose a pronounced trend toward local clustering in the studied crystals, presumably an early sign of the composition-induced zincblende ⇿ wurtzite structural transition (x∼0.3). The deviation from the ideal Zn ⇿ Cd random substitution is estimated by working out a zincblende-version of the percolation model equipped with a relevant order parameter κ. The model is based on a sensitivity of the Zn-Se vibration to its local environment at the second-neighbor scale, independently supported by ab initio calculation of the Raman spectra in their dependence on κ (adjusted by simulated annealing).
Effects of thermal conductivity of liquid layer in NIF wetted foam experiments
Authors: Dhakal Tilak R. , Haines Brian M. , Olson Richard E.
Published: September 2019

Numerical simulation of inertial confinement fusion (ICF) capsule implosion experiments requires many plasma parameters corresponding to different materials and their mixtures for a wide range of densities and temperatures. Thermal conduction plays a crucial role in coupling energy to the capsule, is one of the primary mechanisms of energy loss during implosion, has a significant effect on hot-spot formation, and impacts the growth of hydrodynamic instabilities. The determination of accurate thermal conductivity of ICF relevant materials is thus important for understanding capsule performance. Analytic models such as Spitzer or Lee-More models have been extensively used in simulations due to the limited availability of experimental data. First principles calculations have shown that these analytic models tend to underestimate electron thermal conductivity in the warm dense plasma regime for ICF related materials. In this paper, we numerically investigate the effects of different models for the electron heat conductivity coefficients, including both analytic and Quantum Molecular Dynamics (QMD)-based models, for mixed materials in ICF. We also investigate the impact of how conductivities are calculated in mixed cells from constituent material conductivities. We apply this to the modeling of recent wetted foam capsule implosions on the National Ignition Facility, in which a foam layer on the inside of the capsule is wetted with deuterium-tritium (DT) liquid. We have found that electron heat conductivity affects the initial hot-spot formation and its evolution. Strikingly, we observe that capsule performance is more sensitive to the method used to mix material conductivities in mixed cells than how individual material conductivity coefficients are calculated. We have also found that using the first principles QMD-based conductivity model along with an appropriate model for mixed-cell conductivities yields better agreement with experimental results compared to the established modeling strategies. We also investigate the impact of mixed material conductivity modeling on the process of ablator material mixing with DT ice in a plastic ice-layer capsule. In our simulations, the heat conductivity model affects the calculated mix widths at the fuel-ablator interface, particularly near the tent scar. Additional mixing between the DT fuel and the ablator in turn increases the implosion adiabat, which results in a lower hot-spot pressure.
The effects of surface roughness on specular diagnostics in shocked experiments
Authors: Grant Sean , Ao Tommy
Published: September 2019

Many shock experiments, whether impact, laser, or magnetically driven, use reflected optical light from shocked samples to diagnose their material properties. Specifically, optical velocimetry diagnostics, which do not require absolute power measurements, are regularly used to obtain equation-of-state information of materials. However, new diagnostics will be necessary to expand the realm of measured material properties, and many useful diagnostic techniques do require absolute measurements. Thus, it is important to understand what happens at the reflective surface of shock experiments, and the effect scattering has on the light collection of optical probes. To this end, we present results from experiments done to observe the behavior of a reflected beam from a specular coating on an optical window during shock impact. We find that the specular condition of the coating is adversely affected by the shock front, but this can be mitigated by minimizing roughness on the surface preceding the coating.
Numerical simulations of global Alfvén eigenmodes excitation and stabilization in NSTX-U
Authors: Belova E. V. , Fredrickson E. D. , Lestz J. B. , Crocker N. A. ,   NSTX-U Team
Published: September 2019

Three-dimensional nonlinear simulations of Alfvén eigenmodes in the subcyclotron frequency range show a robust physical stabilizing mechanism via modest off-axis beam injection, in agreement with experimental observations from the National Spherical Torus Experiment (NSTX-U). Experimental results from NSTX-U have demonstrated that neutral beam injection from the new beam sources with large tangency radii deposits beam ions with large pitch, which can very effectively stabilize all unstable Global Alfvén Eigenmodes (GAEs). Beam-driven GAEs have been linked to enhanced electron transport in NSTX, and the ability to control these modes will have significant implications for NSTX-U, ITER, and other fusion devices where super-Alfvénic fast ions might be present. Nonlinear simulations using the HYM code have been performed to study the excitation and stabilization of GAEs in the NSTX-U right before and shortly after the additional off-axis beam injection. The simulations reproduce the experimental finding, namely, it is shown that off-axis neutral beam injection reliably and strongly suppresses all unstable GAEs. Before additional beam injection, the simulations show unstable counter-rotating GAEs with toroidal mode numbers and frequencies that match the experimentally observed modes. Additional off-axis beam injection has been modeled by adding beam ions with large pitch and varying density. The complete stabilization occurs at less than 7% of the total beam ion inventory. New analytical theory of GAE (de)stabilization has also been derived, suggesting a different interpretation for the GAE stabilization mechanism compared to previous publications.
The effect of tube geometry on the chiral plasma
Authors: Jin S. , Zou D. , Lu X. , Laroussi M.
Published: September 2019

A chiral plasma plume has recently been reported inside a circular quartz tube without the use of an external magnetic field. It is believed that the quartz tube plays an important role in the formation of the chiral plasma plume. In this paper, to better understand how this interesting structure is generated, the effect of the tube geometry on the chiral plasma is investigated. First, the effect of the thickness of the tube wall on the chiral plasma is investigated. It is interesting to find that a too thin or too thick tube wall is not favorable for generating the chiral plasma. The chiral plasma plume can be obtained only at the tube wall thickness of 2 mm. Second, the effect of the diameter of the tube on the chiral plasma is investigated. It is found that, when a tube with an inner diameter of 2 mm is connected with a tube with an inner diameter of 4 mm and the high voltage electrode is placed in the tube with an inner diameter of 2 mm, a diffuse plasma is generated in the tube with an inner diameter of 2 mm, it propagates into the tube with an inner diameter of 4 mm, and a chiral plasma can be obtained at a distance of about 2 cm away from the joint of the two tubes. Third, to further understand how the tube diameter affects the appearance of the chiral plasma, horn shaped tubes with different opening angles are tested. It is found that, when the opening angle is 5°, the chiral plasma formation in the straight part of the tube can maintain the chiral shape and keep propagating in the horn shaped tube but with a much longer pitch. Fourth, to disrupt the axial symmetry, square quartz tubes are used. No chiral plasma can be obtained in the square quartz tubes under all experimental conditions. In addition, when a circular quartz tube is connected with a square tube, the chiral plasma formation in the circular quartz tube changes to a straight plasma plume in the square tube. Finally, the high voltage electrode is placed away from the center of the circular tube to disrupt its symmetry, and it is found that the chiral plasma plume can always be seen even if the high voltage is placed next to the inner wall of the tube.
Detecting gravitational waves from the early universe with the help of helium
Authors: Bandari Anashe
Published: September 2019

NASA’s upcoming balloon-borne gravitational wave observatory uses new sub-Kelvin cooling technique to achieve its required sensitivity.
Brazil, example of a non-Nagoya Protocol country
Authors: da Silva Manuela
Published: September 2019

Brazil was one of the first countries to regulate access to genetic resources, and to associate traditional knowledge and benefit sharing through Provisional Act 2186-16 of 23 August 2001 for purposes of scientific research, bioprospecting, and technological development. After almost 15 years of many criticisms and demands from civil society and other sectors, Law 13,123 was sanctioned on 20 May 20151 and entered into force on 17 November 2015, revoking Provisional Act 2.186.
Genomic Encyclopedia of Bacteria and Archaea (GEBA) VI: learning from type strains
Authors: Whitman William B , Klenk Hans-Peter , Arahal David R , Aznar Rosa , Garrity George , Pester Michael , Hugenholtz Philip
Published: September 2019

Type strains of species are one of the most valuable resources in microbiology. During the last decade, the Genomic Encyclopedia of Bacteria and Archaea (GEBA) projects at the US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute (JGI) and their collaborators have worked towards sequencing the genome of all the type strains of prokaryotic species. A new project GEBA VI extends these efforts to functional genomics, including pangenome and transcriptome sequencing and exometabolite analyses. As part of this project, investigators with interests in specific groups of prokaryotes are invited to submit samples for analysis at JGI.
Fast-diffusing p75
NTR
monomers support apoptosis and growth cone collapse by neurotrophin ligands
Authors: Marchetti Laura , Bonsignore Fulvio , Gobbo Francesco , Amodeo Rosy , Calvello Mariantonietta , Jacob Ajesh , Signore Giovanni , Schirripa Spagnolo Chiara , Porciani David , Mainardi Marco , Beltram Fabio , Luin Stefano , Cattaneo Antonino
Published: September 2019

Significance

Neurotrophins (NTs) are homodimeric growth factors displaying fundamental roles in the nervous system. Their activity stems from binding and activation of 3 different receptor types in nervous cell membranes. The p75 NT receptor (p75
NTR
) was the first to be discovered in 1986; nevertheless, for the numerous structural and functional facets so far reported, its activation mechanisms have remained elusive. Here, we demonstrate that its pleiotropic functions are regulated by different redistributions of the receptors, which crucially depend on the available NT and on the involved subcellular compartment but are unrelated to its oligomerization state. Single-particle studies proved receptors to be monomers with a fast-diffusive behavior in the membrane with, at most, transient self-interactions on the millisecond time scale.
A network of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate binding sites regulates gating of the Ca
2+
-activated Cl
−
channel ANO1 (TMEM16A)
Authors: Yu Kuai , Jiang Tao , Cui YuanYuan , Tajkhorshid Emad , Hartzell H. Criss
Published: September 2019

Significance

Membrane proteins dwell in a sea of phospholipids that not only structurally stabilize the proteins by providing a hydrophobic environment for their transmembrane segments but also dynamically regulate protein function. While many cation channels are known to be regulated by phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P
2
], relatively little is known about anion channel regulation by phosphoinositides. Using a combination of patch-clamp electrophysiology and atomistic molecular-dynamics simulations, we have identified several PI(4,5)P
2
binding sites in ANO1 (TMEM16A), a Cl
−
channel that performs myriad physiological functions from epithelial fluid secretion to regulation of electrical excitability. These binding sites form a band at the cytosolic interface of the membrane that we propose constitute a network to dynamically regulate this highly allosteric protein.
TGF-β signaling controls Foxp3 methylation and T reg cell differentiation by modulating Uhrf1 activity
Authors: Sun Xiang , Cui Yu , Feng Haiyun , Liu Haifeng , Liu Xiaolong
Published: September 2019

Regulatory T (T reg) cells are required for the maintenance of immune homeostasis. Both TGF-β signaling and epigenetic modifications are important for Foxp3 induction, but how TGF-β signaling participates in the epigenetic regulation of Foxp3 remains largely unknown. Here we showed that T cell–specific ablation of Uhrf1 resulted in T reg–biased differentiation in TCR-stimulated naive T cells in the absence of TGF-β signaling, and these Foxp3+ T cells had a suppressive function. Adoptive transfer of Uhrf1−/− naive T cells could significantly suppress colitis due to increased iT reg cell generation. Mechanistically, Uhrf1 was induced upon TCR stimulation and participated in the maintenance of DNA methylation patterns of T reg cell–specific genes during cell division, while it was phosphorylated upon TGF-β stimulation and sequestered outside the nucleus, and ultimately underwent proteasome-dependent degradation. Collectively, our study reveals a novel epigenetic mechanism of TGF-β–mediated iT reg cell differentiation by modulating Uhrf1 activity and suggests that Uhrf1 may be a potential therapeutic target in inflammatory diseases for generating stable iT reg cells.