bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Persistence of STAT-1 inhibition and induction of cytokine resistance in pancreatic β cells treated with St John's wort and its component hyperforin
Authors: Novelli Michela , Beffy Pascale , Gregorelli Alex , Porozov Svetlana , Mascia Fabrizio , Vantaggiato Chiara , Masiello Pellegrino , Menegazzi Marta
Published: October 2017

Objectives

St John's wort extract (SJW) and its component hyperforin (HPF) were shown to potently inhibit cytokine-induced STAT-1 and NF-κB activation in pancreatic β cells and protect them against injury. This study aimed at exploring the time course of STAT-1 inhibition afforded by these natural compounds in the β-cell line INS-1E.

Methods

INS-1E cells were pre-incubated with SJW extract (2–5 μg/ml) or HPF (0.5–2 μm) and then exposed to a cytokine mixture. In some experiments, these compounds were added after or removed before cytokine exposure. STAT-1 activation was assessed by electrophoretic mobility shift assay, apoptosis by caspase-3 activity assay, mRNA gene expression by RT-qPCR.

Key findings

Pre-incubation with SJW/HPF for 1–2 h exerted a remarkable STAT-1 downregulation, which was maintained upon removal of the compounds before early or delayed cytokine addition. When the protective compounds were added after cell exposure to cytokines, between 15 and 90 min, STAT-1 inhibition also occurred at a progressively decreasing extent. Upon 24-h incubation, SJW and HPF counteracted cytokine-induced β-cell dysfunction, apoptosis and target gene expression.

Conclusions

SJW and HPF confer to β cells a state of ‘cytokine resistance’, which can be elicited both before and after cytokine exposure and safeguards these cells from deleterious cytokine effects.
Association of single‐nucleotide polymorphism of melanocortin gene with feed intake in rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus)
Authors: El‐Sabrout K. , Soliman F.
Published: October 2017

The aim of the study was to investigate the association of two parts of melanocortin gene (MC4R‐1, MC4R‐2) and feed intake for V‐line rabbits. V‐line rabbits were grouped into high and low daily feed intake during the period from 30 to 63 days of age in order to identify MC4R SNPs useful for association study with feed intake. DNA from blood samples of each group was extracted to amplify the MC4R gene. The purified PCR products were sequenced in those had the highest and lowest feed intake. Alignment of sequence data from each group revealed that there is a variation detected in MC4R‐1 at nucleotide 35 (T‐G) (sense mutation) and another variation was detected in MC4R‐2 gene at nucleotide 19 (T‐C) (sense mutation) for high feed intake rabbits. These sense mutations lead to transform some amino acids and cause a significant change of the MC4R function. The results of average daily feed intake (ADFI) indicated that group (1) had significantly higher feed intake than group (2) of V‐line rabbits. The detected mutations and the analysis of daily feed intake means revealed a significant association between MC4R polymorphism and feed intake in rabbits.
Evaluation of haematological, serum biochemical and histopathological parameters of growing rabbits fed Amaranthus dubius
Authors: Molina E. , González‐Redondo P. , Moreno‐Rojas R. , Montero‐Quintero K. , Chirinos‐Quintero N. , Sánchez‐Urdaneta A.
Published: October 2017

Amaranthus dubius is an alternative source of fibre and protein for the feed formulation for growing rabbits, although its effects on their health status are yet unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of three dietary levels (0, 160 and 320 g/kg) of A. dubius on haematological, serum biochemical and histopathological parameters of fattening rabbits. One hundred and thirteen New Zealand White rabbits were fed ad libitum from weaning (35 days) to slaughter (87 days). The health status of the animals was monitored, and mortality was recorded. Before slaughtering, 30 rabbits were randomly selected for haematological and serum biochemical analysis. During slaughter, 18 rabbits were randomly selected for histopathological study in heart, liver, lung and small intestine. The health status of rabbits was good, with no differences among treatments in mortality. Diet and sex did not affect the values of most haematological and serum biochemical parameters. Fibrinogen, glucose and high‐density lipoprotein values increased significantly from 0 to 320 g/kg A. dubius diets. The white blood cell count and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase values decreased significantly from 0 to 320 g/kg A. dubius diets. The organs showed histologically well‐structured tissues. However, in all experimental groups several samples with lesions were observed, always highly focalized in small tissue areas. The main lesions observed, probably related to conditions of thermal stress affecting the rabbits, were cholesterolosis (heart), steatosis (liver), inflammatory lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate (lung) and chronic inflammatory tissue damage (small intestine). In conclusion, the inclusion of up to 320 g/kg A. dubius in diet did not jeopardize the health status of growing rabbits. Therefore, A. dubius can become an alternative raw material for the formulation of feeds in tropical and subtropical countries where this plant is widespread.
Effect of dietary supplementation of organic zinc on laying performance, egg quality and some biochemical parameters of laying hens
Authors: Abd El‐Hack M. E. , Alagawany M. , Amer S. A. , Arif M. , Wahdan K. M. M. , El‐Kholy M. S.
Published: October 2017

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of zinc methionine (Zn‐Met) supplementation on the performance, egg quality, antioxidant status and some biochemical parameters of blood serum in laying hens from 22 to 34 weeks of age. A total of 120 Hisex Brown laying hens of 22‐week‐old were randomly allocated into five treatments with six cage replicates for each (four hens/replicate). Dietary treatments consisted of the basal diet with no Zn‐Met supplementation (control group) and basal diet supplemented with 25, 50, 75 or 100 mg Zn‐Met/kg diet. No significant differences were observed on body weight, body weight gain or feed conversion ratio due to dietary Zn‐Met supplementation. However, highly significant impact was observed on daily feed intake. Egg number, egg weight and egg mass were increased in the group fed diet supplemented with the highest level of Zn‐Met (100 mg/kg of diet) as compared to other groups. All egg quality traits were statistically (p > .05 or .01) affected as a response to dietary Zn‐Met supplementation except egg shape index, shell percentage and yolk index. In comparison with the control group, dietary supplementation of 25, 50, 75 or 100 mg Zn‐Met/kg decreased serum triglyceride and LDL‐cholesterol levels. Serum cholesterol level was increased with all dietary levels of Zn‐Met in comparison with the control group. Dietary Zn‐Met supplementation increased the serum content of zinc, where the highest values were recorded with 50 and 100 mg Zn‐Met/kg diet. Dietary Zn‐Met levels did not affect the antioxidant indices in blood serum except for the activity of copper–zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu‐Zn‐SOD). The activity of Cu‐Zn‐SOD was increased with Zn‐Met supplementations with no differences among supplemental zinc levels. It is concluded that dietary Zn‐Met supplementation reduced serum triglyceride, LDL‐cholesterol and increased Zn status and resulted in promoting antioxidant ability of laying hens, and the addition of 100 mg Zn‐Met/kg to layer diet was appropriate for improving the above parameters in addition to egg production indices and Haugh unit score.
Influence of outdoor rearing and oleic acid supplementation on lipid characteristics of muscle and adipose tissues from obese Alentejano pigs
Authors: Martins J. M. , Albuquerque A. , Neves J. A. , Freitas A. B. , Charneca R. , Tirapicos J. L.
Published: October 2017

Data evaluating the effect of oleic‐acid‐enriched diets and outdoor rearing (with access to pasture) on the quality of Alentejano (AL) pork and fat are limited. The aim of this work was to study the effects of feeding low (LO) or high oleic acid (HO) diets to AL pigs reared in individual pens (IND) or outdoors (OUT) with access to pasture. Biceps femoris and dorsal subcutaneous fat (DSF) samples were collected to analyse chemical composition and lipids fatty acid (FA) profile. The expression of seven genes involved in lipogenesis, lipolysis and FA transport, as well as two transcription factors were also evaluated in the muscle. B. femoris and DSF presented lower lipid content in OUT‐reared than in IND‐reared pigs. Two genes involved in lipogenesis, ACACA and FASN, were under‐expressed in B. femoris from OUT‐reared pigs, while two involved in lipolysis, LPL and HSL were over‐expressed. HO diet also significantly reduced FASN expression. Both rearing system and diet affected the FA profile of tissues, particularly DSF. Overall, OUT‐reared pigs presented lower n6 to n3 FA ratios in all tissues, and lower monounsaturated (MUFA) and higher polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) content in DSF. When compared to LO‐fed ones, HO‐fed pigs presented higher oleic acid proportions in all tissues, and lower SFA, higher MUFA and PUFA levels, as well as lower saturation, atherogenic and thrombogenic indexes in DSF. This study shows that rearing system and oleic acid supplementation have complementary effects and influence the nutritional quality of pork and DSF.
Beneath the hairy look: the hidden reproductive diversity of the Gibsmithia hawaiiensis complex (Dumontiaceae, Rhodophyta)
Authors: Gabriel Daniela , Draisma Stefano G.A. , Schmidt William E. , Schils Tom , Sauvage Thomas , Maridakis Clio , Gurgel C. Frederico D. , Harris D. James , Fredericq Suzanne
Published: October 2017

The tropical alga previously recognized as Gibsmithia hawaiiensis (Dumontiaceae, Rhodophyta) was recently suggested to represent a complex of species distributed throughout the Indo‐Pacific Ocean and characterized by a peculiar combination of hairy (pilose) gelatinous lobes growing on cartilaginous stalks. Phylogenetic reconstructions based on three genetic markers are presented here with the inclusion of new samples. Further diversity is reported within the complex, with nine lineages spread in four major phylogenetic groups. The threshold between intra‐ and interspecific relationships was assessed by species delimitation methods, which indicate the existence of 8–10 putative species in the complex. Two species belonging to the G. hawaiiensis complex are described here: Gibsmithia malayensis sp. nov. from the Coral Triangle and Gibsmithia indopacifica sp. nov., widely distributed in the Central and Eastern Indo‐Pacific. Morphological differences in the vegetative and reproductive structures of the newly described species are provided and compared to the previously described species of the complex. Additional lineages represent putative species, which await further investigation to clarify their taxonomic status. Gibsmithia hawaiiensis sensu stricto is confirmed to be endemic to the Hawaiian Islands, and Gibsmithia eilatensis is apparently confined to the Red Sea, with an expanded distribution in the region. New records of the G. hawaiiensis complex are reported from Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Indonesia, Philippines, and the Federated States of Micronesia, indicating that the complex is more broadly distributed than previously considered. The isolated position of Gibsmithia within the Dumontiaceae is corroborated by molecular data.
The Role of Audiovisual Speech in the Early Stages of Lexical Processing as Revealed by the ERP Word Repetition Effect
Authors: Basirat Anahita , Brunellière Angèle , Hartsuiker Robert
Published: October 2017

Numerous studies suggest that audiovisual speech influences lexical processing. However, it is not clear which stages of lexical processing are modulated by audiovisual speech. In this study, we examined the time course of the access to word representations in long‐term memory when they were presented in auditory‐only and audiovisual modalities. We exploited the effect of the prior access to a word on the subsequent access to that word known as the word repetition effect. Using event‐related potentials, we identified an early time window at about 200 milliseconds and a late time window starting at about 400 milliseconds related to the word repetition effect. Our results showed that the word repetition effect over the early time window was modulated by the speech modality while this influence of speech modality was not found over the late time window. Visual cues thus play a role in the early stages of lexical processing.
Female bladder outlet obstruction: Common symptoms masking an uncommon cause
Authors: Malde Sachin , Solomon Eskinder , Spilotros Marco , Mukhtar Bashir , Pakzad Mahreen , Hamid Rizwan , Ockrim Jeremy , Greenwell Tamsin
Published: October 2017

Objective

Bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) in women remains an underdiagnosed condition. Although diagnosed rarely in general urologic practice, its incidence in specialist centers has been reported to be up to 29%. In the present study we evaluated the incidence of female BOO in adult women referred for evaluation of lower urinary tract symptoms or urinary incontinence, assessing its etiology and correlating this with its clinical presentation.

Methods

The present study consisted of a retrospective review of a prospectively acquired videourodynamic database of 1142 consecutive women referred for evaluation of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) or urinary incontinence from March 2007 to December 2012 and diagnosed with BOO. After exclusions, data from 1014 patients were analyzed. BOO was defined using a combination of radiographic evidence of obstruction during the voiding phase of the urodynamic study and pressure–flow criteria (Solomon–Greenwell nomogram). Diagnosis was confirmed by cystoscopy, maximal urethral closure pressure, and magnetic resonance imaging as clinically indicated.

Results

In all, 192 women (19%) were diagnosed with BOO. Functional sphincteric obstruction was diagnosed in 70 women (36%). The most common anatomical cause of BOO was previous anti‐incontinence surgery, followed by urethral stricture, diagnosed in 21% and 20% of patients, respectively. The most common presenting symptoms were storage phase symptoms of daytime and night‐time urinary frequency.

Conclusions

BOO was present in 19% of women with LUTS. Functional sphincteric obstruction was the most common cause (36%), followed by obstruction after anti‐incontinence surgery (21%). The most common presenting symptom was daytime urinary frequency. BOO should be suspected in women with refractory LUTS, especially those presenting with urinary frequency.
Genome‐wide characterization of Phytophthora infestans metabolism: a systems biology approach
Authors: Rodenburg Sander Y. A. , Seidl Michael F. , de Ridder Dick , Govers Francine
Published: October 2017

Genome‐scale metabolic models (GEMs) provide a functional view of the complex network of biochemical reactions in the living cell. Initially mainly applied to reconstruct the metabolism of model organisms, the availability of increasingly sophisticated reconstruction methods and more extensive biochemical databases now make it possible to reconstruct GEMs for less well‐characterized organisms, and have the potential to unravel the metabolism in pathogen–host systems. Here, we present a GEM for the oomycete plant pathogen Phytophthora infestans as a first step towards an integrative model with its host. We predict the biochemical reactions in different cellular compartments and investigate the gene–protein–reaction associations in this model to obtain an impression of the biochemical capabilities of P. infestans. Furthermore, we generate life stage‐specific models to place the transcriptomic changes of the genes encoding metabolic enzymes into a functional context. In sporangia and zoospores, there is an overall down‐regulation, most strikingly reflected in the fatty acid biosynthesis pathway. To investigate the robustness of the GEM, we simulate gene deletions to predict which enzymes are essential for in vitro growth. This model is an essential first step towards an understanding of P. infestans and its interactions with plants as a system, which will help to formulate new hypotheses on infection mechanisms and disease prevention.
Prevalence and associated factors of impaired renal function in Chinese children: The China Health and Nutrition Survey
Authors: Song Peige , Wang Manli , Chang Xinlei , Wang Jiawen , Wei Wei , An Lin
Published: October 2017

Aim

To assess the prevalence of impaired renal function and its associated factors in Chinese children.

Methods

Children aged 7–18 years in China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) 2009 were included as participants, and their anthropometric measurements, blood pressure (BP) and biochemical parameters were taken for analysis. The estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated by using the Schwartz ‘original’ formula.

Results

The prevalence of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) < 90 mL/min per 1.73 m2 and <75 mL/min per 1.73 m2 was 10.09% (95% CI: 8.03–12.11) and 1.01% (95% CI: 0.38–1.77), respectively. The prevalence of impaired renal function (eGFR <60 mL/min per 1.73 m2) was 0.25%. Age was detected as a negative associated factor whereas hyperuricemia and elevated total cholesterol (TC) were positively associated factors for subjects with eGFR <90 mL/min per 1.73 m2. In the group of eGFR <75 mL/min per 1.73 m2, only elevated TC was related to the increased odds of decreased eGFR.

Conclusion

Our findings underscore the need for large‐scale programs to detect and treat the early‐stage impaired renal function in the paediatric population in China.
GREM2 nucleotide variants and the risk of tooth agenesis
Authors: Mostowska A , Biedziak B , Zadurska M , Bogdanowicz A , Olszewska A , Cieślińska K , Firlej E , Jagodziński PP
Published: October 2017

Objective

The etiology of tooth agenesis (TA) is multifactorial and still not fully understood. The aim of the study was to test whether variants of GREM2, encoding a bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) antagonist, are associated with the risk of this common dental anomaly in a Polish population.

Subjects and Methods

Direct sequencing of the GREM2 coding sequence including exon/intron boundaries was performed in 95 patients with both hypodontia and oligodontia. All identified GREM2 variants were then further tested in an independent group of patients (n = 163) and controls (n = 184).

Results

The previously described, functional GREM2 mutation (c.226C > G, p.Gln76Glu) was identified in two patients with hypodontia and associated dental anomalies, including taurodontism and microdontia. This mutation generating an allele with increased inhibitory activity was not detected in the control group. The second identified GREM2 variant, c.‐1‐21C > T (rs11806449), was not associated with the risk TA. The polymorphism allele frequency in both patients and controls was 0.21 (OR = 1.0, 95%CI: 0.76–1.46). The rs11806449 did not correlate either with the overall TA phenotype or hypodontia/oligodontia phenotypes.

Conclusion

Our study confirmed that GREM2 is a candidate gene for tooth agenesis, which mutations can explain, however, only a small fraction of the genetic contribution to the pathogenesis of this anomaly.
Response of MG63 osteoblasts on bacterial challenge is dependent on the state of differentiation
Authors: Hoppe T. , Göser V. , Kraus D. , Probstmeier R. , Frentzen M. , Wenghoefer M. , Jepsen S. , Winter J.
Published: October 2017

The present in vitro study examines molecular processes that are relevant during bone homeostasis after Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis infection with a focus on the differentiation level of osteoblasts. Regenerative processes are often hindered by the recurrence of bacterial infections, which can ultimately provoke a severe destruction of bone tissue. To obtain more detailed insights into such a complex scenario, we have used undifferentiated MG63 osteoblast‐like cells as an experimental paradigm to examine the impact of two oral pathogens, A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis, on proliferation, cytotoxicity and osteogenic differentiation. Cell culture experiments were performed to analyze cellular behavior. The level of genes interfering with bone tissue integrity (matrix metalloproteinases and their tissue inhibitors) and osteogenic markers (alkaline phosphatase, Runx2, human β‐defensin‐2) was compared in undifferentiated versus differentiated MG63 cells using real‐time polymerase chain reaction. Functional activity of matrix metalloproteinases was quantified by zymography. Western blot analysis was used to verify the phosphorylation state of mitogen‐activated protein kinases p38 and extracellular‐signal‐regulated kinases 1/2. When co‐cultured with undifferentiated MG63 cells, oral pathogens provoked distinct cellular effects. Only A. actinomycetemcomitans reduced cell proliferation, increased cell death, and induced osteogenic differentiation. A comparison of matrix metalloproteinase network stability in the presence of oral pathogens revealed a partial sensitivity towards P. gingivalis but not A. actinomycetemcomitans. So, beside the proof of concept that MG63 cells co‐cultured with oral pathogens can serve as an in vitro model for mimicking destructive and regenerative events after bacterial infections, our data indicate that double infections might counterbalance otherwise positive effects.
Human capabilities in advanced dementia: Nussbaum's approach
Authors: Melander Catharina , Sävenstedt Stefan , Wälivaara Britt‐Marie , Olsson Malin
Published: October 2017

Aims and objectives

To explore how Martha Nussbaum's approach to human capabilities can apply to dignity in the lives of people with advanced dementia living in nursing homes.

Background

Challenges experienced when supporting people with advanced dementia who express problematic behaviours include understanding their needs and ensuring a dignified life for them.

Design and methods

Data were gathered using an ethnographic approach based on participatory observation. Nussbaum's capability approach was then used as a framework for the analysis. Four women diagnosed with advanced dementia who also expressed problematic behaviours were recruited from a nursing home in Northern Sweden. The data collection was performed during 2015.

Findings

Individuals with advanced dementia had difficulties in participating in the planning of their lives and achieving the human capability of practical reasoning. They were also at risk of being placed outside the social group, thus hindering them from attaining the human capability of affiliation. A dignified life for individuals with advanced dementia requires nursing staff to be present and to provide adapted support to ensure that the individual can actually pursue human capabilities.

Conclusion

Creating opportunities for the human capabilities of practical reasoning and affiliation is essential as they permeate all other human capabilities. For these individuals, it was crucial not only to create opportunities for human capabilities but also to attend to their expressions and needs and to guide and steer them towards a dignified life.

Implications for Practice

The normative structure of the capability approach described by Nussbaum can ensure that nursing staffs move beyond fulfilling patients’ basic needs to consider other capabilities vital for a dignified life.
Sugar metabolism and developmental stages of rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis L.) seeds
Authors: de Souza Genaina Aparecida , dos Santos Dias Denise Cunha Fernandes , Pimenta Thaline Martins , Almeida Andrea Lanna , de Toledo Picoli Edgard Augusto , de Pádua Alvarenga Antônio , da Silva José Cleydson Ferreira
Published: October 2017

Changes in the concentration of sugars and sucrose metabolism enzymes can characterize the developmental stages of a seed. In recalcitrant species such as Hevea brasiliensis L., little is known about these changes. We aimed to evaluate the three main stages of development of rubber tree seeds – histodifferentiation, cell elongation and accumulation of reserves. The activities of acid and neutral invertases (E.C. 3.2.1.26) and sucrose synthase (EC 2.4.1.13), and the concentrations of reducing sugars (RS), total soluble sugars (TSS) and sucrose (Suc) were determined concomitantly with the histochemical and anatomical evaluation of seed structure. Histodifferentiation in rubber tree seeds occurs up to 75 days after anthesis (DAA). The concentration of RS is high and of Suc is low during seed histodifferentiation, which occurs along with a visible increase in the number of cell divisions. After that period, there is an increase in the concentration of Suc (mg g−1) and in the number and size of starch granules, and a decrease in the concentration of RS (mg g−1). At that point, cell elongation occurs. At 135 DAA, there is an inversion in the concentration of these two sugars and an increase in reserve accumulation. Thus, in seeds of the evaluated clone, the period up to 75 DAA is characterized as the histodifferentiation stage, while from that time up to 120 DAA the cell elongation stage takes place. The final stage of seed maturation and reserve accumulation begins at 135 DAA, and the seed, including the embryo, is completely formed at 175 DAA.
Geology, Fluid Inclusion Characteristics and H–O–C Isotopes of Large Lijiagou Pegmatite Spodumene Deposit in Songpan–Garze Fold Belt, Eastern Tibet: Implications for ore Genesis
Authors: Fei Guangchun , Li Baohua , Yang Jiyi , Chen Xu , Luo Wei , Li Youguo , Tang Wenchun , Gu Chenghui , Zhong Wei , Yang Guibin
Published: October 2017

The large, newly discovered Lijiagou pegmatite spodumene deposit, is located southeast of the Ke'eryin pegmatite ore field, in the central Songpan–Garze Fold Belt (SGFB), Eastern Tibet. The Lijiagou albite spodumene pegmatites are unzoned, granite‐pegmatites of the subtype LCT (Lithium, Cesium, and Tantalum) and consist of medium‐ to coarse‐grained spodumene, lepidolite, microcline, albite, quartz, muscovite, and accessory amounts of beryl, cassiterite, columbite–tantalite and zircon. Secondary fluid inclusions in quartz and spodumene include two‐phase aqueous inclusions (V + L), mono‐phase vapor inclusions (V); three‐phase CO2‐rich CO2–H2O inclusions (CO2 + V + L) and less abundant liquid inclusions (L). The homogenization temperature of the fluid inclusions are low (257.3 to 204.3°C in early stage, 250.3 to 199.6°C in middle stage, 218.7 to 200.6°C in late stage). Fluid inclusions were formed during the long cooling period from the temperature of the pegmatite emplacement. Liquid–vapor–gas boiling was extensive during the middle and late stages. The salinity of the corresponding stages are 15.4 to 13.0 wt.% NaCl equiv., 12.5 to 9.1 wt.% NaCl equiv. and 9.8 to 7.8 wt.% NaCl equiv., respectively. δ18O values of fluid are 7.2 to 5.2‰, 5.6 to 3.9‰ and 2.7 to −0.2‰ from early to late stages; and δD range from −75.1 to −76.8‰, −59.0 to −73.5‰ and −61.6 to −85.5‰ respectively. The δ13C of CO2 values are −5.6 to −6.6‰, −8.5 to −19.9‰, −11.8 to −18.7‰ from early to late stages, suggesting that CO2 in the fluids were probably sourced from a magmatic system, possibly with some mixing of CO2 dissolved in groundwater. δD and δ18O values of fluid indicate that the fluids were originally magmatic water and mixed with some meteoric water in late stage. The magma evolution sequence in the Ke'eryin orefield, from the central two‐mica granite through the Lijiagou deposit out to the distal pegmatites, with the ages gradually decreasing, indicates that the Ke'eryin complex rocks are the product of multistage magmatic activity. The large Lijiagou spodumene deposit is a typical magmatic, fractional crystallization related pegmatite deposit.
Blood utilization in revision versus first‐time cardiac surgery: an update in the era of patient blood management
Authors: Hensley Nadia B. , Kostibas Megan P. , Yang William W. , Crawford Todd C. , Mandal Kaushik , Gupta Pranjal B. , Frank Steven M. , Brown Charles H.
Published: October 2017

BACKGROUND

Relative to first‐time (primary) cardiac surgery, revision cardiac surgery is associated with increased transfusion requirements, but studies comparing these cohorts were performed before patient blood management (PBM) and blood conservation measures were commonplace. The current study was performed as an update to determine if this finding is still evident in the PBM era.

STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS

Primary and revision cardiac surgery cases were compared in a retrospective database analysis at a single tertiary care referral center. Two groups of patients were assessed: 1) those having isolated coronary artery bypass (CAB) or valve surgery and 2) all other cardiac surgeries. Intraoperative and whole hospital transfusion requirements were assessed for the four major blood components.

RESULTS

Compared to the primary cardiac surgery patients, the revision surgery patients required approximately twofold more transfused units intraoperatively (p < 0.0001) and approximately two‐ to threefold more transfused units for the whole hospital stay (p < 0.0001). Intraoperative massive transfusion (>10 red blood cell [RBC] units) was substantially more frequent with revision versus primary cardiac surgery (2.6% vs. 0.1% [p < 0.0001] for isolated CAB or valve and 6.1% vs. 1.9% [p < 0.0001] for all other cardiac surgeries). Revision surgery was an independent risk factor for both moderate (6‐10 RBC units) and massive intraoperative transfusion.

CONCLUSIONS

In the era of PBM, with restrictive transfusion strategies and a variety of methods for blood conservation, revision cardiac surgery patients continue to have substantially greater transfusion requirements relative to primary cardiac surgery patients. This difference in transfusion requirement was greater than what has been previously reported in the pre‐PBM era.
Reduced ferritin levels in individuals with non‐O blood group: results from the Danish Blood Donor Study
Authors: Rigas Andreas S. , Berkfors Adam A. , Pedersen Ole B. , Sørensen Erik , Nielsen Kaspar R. , Larsen Margit H. , Paarup Helene M. , Wandall Hans H. , Erikstrup Christian , Hjalgrim Henrik , Ullum Henrik
Published: October 2017

BACKGROUND

Genomewide association studies have reported alleles in the ABO locus to be associated with ferritin levels. These studies warrant the investigation of a possible association between the ABO blood group and ferritin levels. We aimed to explore if ABO blood group is associated with iron stores expressed as ferritin levels.

STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS

Ferritin levels were measured at least once for 30,595 Danish Blood Donor Study participants. Linear regression analyses were performed with the ABO blood group as explanatory variable and adjusted for age, number of donations 3 years before the ferritin measurement, and time since latest donation. In addition, a subanalysis was performed on 15,280 individuals in which further adjustments for body mass index, smoking status, and C‐reactive protein levels were possible. Furthermore, logistic regression analyses were performed to determine if ABO blood group was associated with a ferritin level of less than 15 ng/mL.

RESULTS

Non‐O blood group donors had lower ferritin levels than blood group O donors, regardless of sex. Accordingly, risk of ferritin level of less than 15 ng/mL was increased for individuals with non‐O blood group compared with O blood group. In subanalyses similar associations were observed, albeit in women the association between blood group and risk of a ferritin level below 15 ng/mL was no longer significant. ABO blood group was not associated with red blood cell indices such as mean cell volume and mean cell hemoglobin content.

CONCLUSION

Donors with non‐O blood group have lower ferritin levels than donors with other blood groups.
Tacrolimus therapy for dermal arteritis of the nasal philtrum refractory to surgery and anti‐inflammatory therapy (doxycycline/niacinamide and topical fluocinolone) in a dog
Authors: Banovic Frane , Jerry Carmen , Howerth Elizabeth
Published: October 2017

Background

Dermal arteritis of the nasal philtrum is a rarely reported condition commonly affecting large breed dogs.

Objective

To describe the effective treatment of nasal philtrum arteritis with topical tacrolimus in one dog.

Animal

A 9‐year‐old, intact male German shorthair pointer dog was presented with well‐demarcated deep erythematous ulcers targeting exclusively the skin of the nasal philtrum, accompanied by frequent series of haemorrhage.

Methods

Complete blood count, serum chemistry profile, urinalysis, histopathological examination and immunohistochemistry of skin biopsies.

Results

The presence of a V‐shaped ulcer with subendothelial spindle cell proliferation resulting in stenosis of dermal arteries and arterioles on histological evaluation, together with a well‐demarcated deep nasal philtrum ulcer was consistent with arteritis of the nasal philtrum. Treatment was initiated with twice daily oral doxycycline and niacinamide in conjunction with topical fluocinolone cream. Over the course of two years, the lesions progressed with frequent bleeding episodes. A novel surgical approach provided deep resection of all grossly affected tissue; four months later a recurrence of fissures and occasional mild bleeding from the original site was noted and there was no improvement after another two months of oral doxycycline/niacinamide and topical fluocinolone treatment. Topical application of 0.1% tacrolimus twice daily resulted in complete healing of the ulceration and normalization of the epidermis. Over the subsequent 15 months, the dog's lesions remained in remission with topical tacrolimus application twice daily.

Conclusions and clinical importance

Topical tacrolimus ointment appeared effective at inducing and maintaining lesion remission in this dog with nasal philtrum arteritis.
New strategies to understand platelet storage lesion
Authors: Árnason N. Á. , Sigurjónsson Ó. E.
Published: October 2017

Modern health care is dependent on the banking and transfusion of platelet concentrates. Platelets, however, can pose a problem for stock management at blood banks due to their limited storage time. In most countries, platelets can be stored from 3 to 7 days and due limited storage time up to 30% of all platelet concentrates are discarded without ever being used for clinical transfusion. The main reasons for this limited storage time are increased risk of bacterial contamination, due to the storage conditions at 22°C, and a formation of a condition termed platelet storage lesion (PSL) that decreases the quality of the platelets and makes them less efficient for clinical use as the storage prolongs. Increased understanding of PSL formation and how it can be combated is important to increase the quality of platelets during storage, in turn making them more efficient for clinical use. There are several methods used to detect formation of PSL, including analysing expression of surface markers on platelets using flow cytometry, analysing function of platelets using light transmission aggregometry and release of cytokines and growth factors using, for example ELISA. However, those methods focus more on studying the consequence of PSL instead of the cause of PSL. In recent years, several laboratories, including ours, have been using novel ways to further try to understand the formation of PSL. These include, for example analysing changes in proteomics, miRNA and metabolomics in platelets during storage. In this short overview, we will review how novel methods have been used to shed new lights on the formation of PSL.
The validation and implementation of donor screening for hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, human immunodeficiency virus 1/2 and syphilis by ultrio elite assay (Panther system) and chemiluminescence assay (Abbott Architect i2000SR system) in Namibia
Authors: Chipare I. , Charuma H. T. , von Finckenstein B. , Gouws C. J.
Published: October 2017

Infectious disease screening of Namibia blood donations for infectious diseases was contracted to the South African National Blood Service (SANBS) since 2004 and needed to be relocated back to Namibia. A cost analysis conducted showed that by introducing certain strategies, it was cost‐effective to implement ID‐NAT in Namibia. NAMBTS chose Ultrio Elite assay/Panther System (Gen‐Probe and Novartis, USA) for ID‐NAT for HIV 1/2 RNA, HBV DNA and HCV RNA and Chemiluminescent immunoassay done on the Architect i2000SR system (Abbott, Delkenheim, Germany) for HIV 1/2 Ag/Ab, anti‐HCV, HBsAg and Syphilis. For performance evaluation, the Panther System was compared with the Procleix TIGRIS system—Ultrio Plus assay (Gen‐Probe and Novartis, USA) while the Architect system was compared with the Abbott PRISM. The results of this evaluation demonstrated a 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity of the Ultrio Elite assay while the Architect also demonstrated 100% sensitivity and specificity of above 99% for detecting viral markers for HBV, HIV and HCV, and 97% sensitivity and 99·7% specificity for detecting syphilis. We found both the Procleix Panther and Architect systems to be flexible, robust and effective in screening blood for transfusion in our setting. Donor screening for HIV 1/2, HBV, HCV and syphilis for ID‐NAT and serology using the Procleix Panther and Architect systems was successfully relocated from South Africa and implemented in February 2014 in Namibia.
Accuracy and safety of pin placement during lateral versus dorsal stabilization of lumbar spinal fracture‐luxation in dogs
Authors: Tran Joycelyn H. , Hall David A. , Morton John M. , Deruddere Kirsten J. , Snelling Samuel R.
Published: October 2017

Objective

To determine the accuracy and safety of pin placement for lateral vertebral stabilization to the reference dorsal stabilization.

Study design

A randomized noninferiority trial.

Sample population

Twenty Greyhound cadaveric lumbar spines (L1‐L6).

Methods

One hundred and fifty‐nine lumbar vertebral pins placed in 80 vertebrae were assessed; these pins were distributed approximately equally between the dorsal and lateral approaches, and between 2 surgeons. Pin angle accuracy, bone purchase distance, and distances from pin to the spinal canal and the aorta were measured for each pin.

Results

The lateral approach was superior for pin angle accuracy and bone purchase. The mean angle of deviation was 15.3° with the dorsal approach and 7.0° with the lateral approach. The mean bone purchase was 16.7 mm with the dorsal approach and 22.2 mm with the lateral approach. Pins were placed at a mean of 2.3 mm from the spinal canal with the dorsal approach and 1.7 mm with the lateral approach. Pins were placed at a mean of 3.8 mm from the aorta with the dorsal approach and 8.0 mm with the lateral approach. The percentage of pins breaching the spinal canal was 14% with the dorsal approach and 19% with the lateral approach. Fourteen percent of pins placed via the dorsal approach breached the aorta, whereas no pins placed via the lateral approach breached the aorta.

Conclusion

Relative to the dorsal approach, the lateral approach improves angle accuracy, bone purchase, and distance between pins, and the aorta and is noninferior with regards to the distance between pins and the spinal canal.
Limb shortening as a strategy for limb sparing treatment of appendicular osteosarcoma of the distal radius in a dog
Authors: Boston Sarah E. , Skinner Owen T.
Published: October 2017

Objective

To develop and report a novel limb sparing technique for the distal radius in a dog.

Study design

Case report.

Animal

A 14‐year‐old, female spayed Labrador Retriever with an osteosarcoma of the right distal radius and a pathological fracture. A previous mast cell tumor had been treated 5 years prior to presentation with marginal excision and a full‐course radiation over the right metacarpal bones. The dog had received 2 doses of palliative radiation just prior to presentation.

Methods

A standard resection of the distal radius was used as a strategy to salvage the limb. Instead of replacing the 6‐cm bone defect with an endoprosthesis, the limb was acutely shortened and a carpal arthrodesis plate was applied.

Results

Postoperative function was good and limb shortening was well‐tolerated. Radiographic evidence of early bone healing was noted at the osteotomy site. The dog experienced 3 postoperative complications: a focal area of skin necrosis managed successfully via surgical revision; infection resolving after long‐term antibiotherapy; and a fracture of the third metacarpal bone through a screw hole, managed via screw removal and a custom external prosthesis. The patient was euthanatized due to presumptive chemotherapy complications 127 days after the procedure.

Conclusion

Limb shortening limb salvage is technically feasible and can result in excellent limb use postoperatively, in spite of a significant loss in limb length.
Arthroscopic approach and anatomy of the stifle joint in the rabbit
Authors: Peters Sarah Torrey , Wilke Markus , Schmid Tanja
Published: October 2017

Objective

To describe a technique and normal findings for arthroscopy of the stifle in rabbits.

Study design

Cadaver study.

Animals

Twenty cadaveric stifles from New Zealand White rabbits were examined.

Methods

The arthroscope was placed through a medial portal, and instrument portals were created on the lateral aspect of the joint. The same portals were used for examination of the entire joint and palpation of structures with a probe.

Results

Structures identified in the proximal aspect of the stifle included the suprapatellar pouch, suprapatella, patella, medial and lateral proximal recesses, medial and lateral trochlear ridges, trochlear groove. Structures identified in the distal aspect of the joint included the cranial and caudal cruciate ligaments, medial and lateral menisci, medial and lateral femoral condyles, the long digital extensor tendon, and the cranial meniscal ligaments were identified. All of the proximal structures could be seen in 16/20 limbs. Distally, the cranial cruciate ligament could be identified and manipulated most often (17/20 limbs), followed by the caudal cruciate ligament (11/20), the menisci (9/20), and condyles (9/20). The average examination time was 27 minutes. There was a variably present femorotibial membrane.

Conclusion

We conclude that the arthoscopic evaluation of the stifle in rabbits is a viable surgical approach and could be used for rabbit models or to examine clinical cases with stifle pathology. Precise portal placement and adequate infrapatellar fat pad debridement were critical for success.
Exploring animal rabies endemicity to inform control programmes in Punjab, India
Authors: Brookes V. J. , Gill G. S. , Singh C. K. , Sandhu B. S. , Dhand N. K. , Singh B. B. , Gill J. P. S. , Ward M. P.
Published: October 2017

Previous studies estimate that one‐third of the annual global burden of rabies (~20,000 cases) occurs in India. Elimination of canine rabies is essential to reduce this burden. Surveillance of animal cases can assess both the risk to humans and the efficacy of control strategies. The objective of this study was to describe the spatial and temporal occurrence of reported confirmed cases of rabies in animals in Punjab, India, from 2004 to 2014. We analysed passive surveillance data on 556 samples submitted from 2004 to 2014 to GADVASU, Ludhiana, Punjab, India. Regression and time series analyses were conducted to understand seasonal and long‐term variation of cases and identify cross‐correlation of monthly cases between species. Spatio‐temporal analyses assessed spatial autocorrelation of date of reporting, mean geographic centres of disease occurrence and clustering of cases using Kulldorff's space‐time permutation statistic. The annual number of submissions and proportion of confirmed cases were consistent throughout 2004–2014. Most submissions (320; 57.6%) were confirmed rabies cases, including dogs (40.6%), buffalo (29.7%) and cattle (23.1%). Regression analysis of monthly cases in dogs showed seasonal variation with significant increases in cases in March and August. Monthly case numbers in buffalo decreased over time. Long‐term temporal trend was not detected in dog and cattle cases. Time‐series models identified significant cross‐correlation between dog and buffalo cases, suggesting that buffalo cases were spillover events from dogs. Significant spatio‐temporal variation or clusters of cases were not detected. These results indicate that rabies cases in animals—and therefore, the potential for exposure to humans—were temporally and spatially stable during 2004–2014 in Punjab, India. The endemic nature of rabies transmission in this region demands a coordinated, sustained control programme. This study provides baseline information for assessing the efficacy of rabies control measures and developing seasonally targeted dog vaccination and rabies awareness strategies.
Issue Salience in the U.S. Elections: “Partisan Domestication” between South Korean Newspapers
Authors: Ha Jae Sik , Onyebadi Uche , Shin Dong-Hee
Published: October 2017

This study examines how two newspapers in South Korea, one conservative and one liberal, covered the U.S. presidential election of 2008. The study found that there was a significant divergence in the emphasis placed on certain types of issues between the two ideologically polarized newspapers. While the liberal Hankyoreh Daily placed more emphasis on social justice issues –such as racial equality and the abolition of social discrimination, the conservative Chosun Daily highlighted “human interest” issues, focusing on more trivial topics such as the candidates’ gender, family, and fashion preferences. There was also a difference in the types of news sources used by the two newspapers. The Hankyoreh Daily sought to represent the voices of the South Korean elite, while The Chosun Daily used American politicians as one of its major source of information. This study argues that a news organization’s ideological orientation is an important factor, which influences South Korean newspapers’ “domestication” of the U.S. election, which was staged in a distant region.
A new species of Petalomium from Brazil with a redescription of Petalomium gottrauxi Mahunka 1977 (Acari: Heterostigmatina: Neopygmephoridae)
Authors: Silva Rafaela A. , Khaustov Alexander A. , Lopes Juliana M.S. , Delabie Jacques H.C. , Oliveira Anibal Ramadan
Published: October 2017

A new species of Petalomium Cross 1965 (Acari: Heterostigmatina: Neopygmephoridae) is described. This mite was found associated (phoresy) with workers of an ant, Neoponera verenae (Forel 1922) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), in several localities in the state of Bahia, Northeastern Brazil. This is the first record of the genus in South America. A closely related species, Petalomium gottrauxi Mahunka 1977, is redescribed based on the paratype and specimens from Crimea. New recorded morphological structures are described and discussed.