bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
BUSINESS OR POLITICS: EXPLORING THE DETERMINANTS OF POLICY MIX IN SOUTH ASIA
Authors: ALI AMJAD , HASAN ZOHAIB UL , ABBASI QASIM , SULEHRI FIAZ AHMAD
Published: January 2024

This study explores the determinants of policy mix in South Asia from 2000 to 2022, by using panel least squares and fixed/random effect models. We have used defense spending, health and education expenditures, corruption levels, and financial development, whereas policy mix, monetary freedom and fiscal freedom have been used as dependent variables. In South Asian nations, defense spending have statistically insignificant and adverse affect on policy mix. Conversely, higher investments in health and education show a notable positive impact on the policy mix, contributing to overall well-being and economic stability. Corruption levels and financial development do not significantly correlate with the policy mix. Our study also uncovers distinct relationships between these independent variables and fiscal and monetary freedom. Defense expenditures negatively affect fiscal freedom, while health and education spending plays a positive role. A well-educated and healthy workforce significantly enhances fiscal freedom. Corruption levels have no significant linear relationship with fiscal freedom, but financial development creates a trade-off between financial stability and fiscal freedom. Interestingly, defense expenditures positively affect monetary freedom, highlighting their role in creating a secure environment for investments. Education spending also positively impacts monetary freedom. Corruption levels do not significantly correlate with monetary freedom, but financial development negatively affects it, indicating a trade-off between financial development and monetary freedom. To enhance policy mix and economic and monetary stability in South Asia, we recommend strategically allocating more resources to the health and education sectors. Careful assessment and possible reallocation of defense budgets can reduce the fiscal burden and promote efficient resource utilization. Balancing defense spending with economic priorities can maximize its positive impact on monetary freedom, stimulating economic growth in the region.
Simultaneous UV Spectrophotometric Method for Estimation of Berberine and Withanolide in Polyherbal Immunity Booster Dosage Form
Authors: S. Chauhan , S. Tyagi , P. Maan
Published: January 2024

The majority of commercial herbal preparations used to improve immunity lack standardization with regard to the active ingredients marker molecules. The objective of present study is the simultaneous estimation of berberine and withanolide in herbal immunity booster tablet using UV spectrophotometric method. The method was validated according to ICH guidelines. The results indicated that berberine and withanolide have maximal absorption wavelength i.e. λmax at 348 nm and 231 nm, respectively. Withanolide and berberine were found to behave linearly over the concentration range of 5–25μg/mL with R2 value of 0.9998 and 0.9999, respectively. Withanolide and berberine have shown % relative standard deviation (RSD) values of 0.07 and 0.09, respectively, in accuracy study. The intraday and interday precision was deemed adequate with a % RSD fewer than 2. Further, the limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantization (LOQ) value for berberine and withanolide were found to be 0.12 mg/mL and 0.35mg/mL and 0.07, 0.20 mg/mL, respectively. In conclusion, the proposed method was validated in accordance with the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines. The developed method can be employed to determine how much berberine and withanolide are present in pharmaceutical preparations.
Kontroversi Buku Polemik Kitab Suci Karya Mun’im Sirry
Authors: Abidin Zainal , Ashadi Andri , Faizin
Published: January 2024

Pada tahun 2013 terbitlah sebuah buku yang berjudul “Polemik Kitab Suci: Tafsir Reformasi Atas Kritik Al-Qur’an Terhadap Agama Lain” karangan Mun’im Sirry. Buku ini berisi tentang penafsiran ayat-ayat yang Al-Qur’an yang  berkaitan dengan hubungan Islam dengan agama di luar Islam seperti Kristen dan Yahudi.  Salah satu pembahasan yang menarik adalah penafsirannya terhadap ayat-ayat Al-Qur’an yang bersifat eksklusif. Ia berargumen bahwa ayat-ayat Al-Qur’an yang bersifat eksklusif harus ditafsirkan ulang dalam bingkai dialog antar agama agar sikap toleransi dapat tercapai di zaman ini. Namun, penafsiran yang dilakukan oleh Mun’im Sirry terhadap ayat-ayat tersebut mengundang pro dan kontra dikalangan umat Islam. Sebagian kalangan menyebut bahwa gagasan tersebut bertentangan dengan akidah umat Islam yang diajarkan oleh Nabi Muhammad Saw. Penafsiran tersebut juga berbeda dengan ulama tafsir yang lebih populer dan otoritatif ketika menafsirkan ayat-ayat tersebut. Oleh karenanya penelitian ini dimaksudkan untuk melihat bagaimana Mun’im Sirry menafsirkan ayat-ayat tersebut serta melihat argumentasi munculnya penafsiran tersebut. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan analisis deskriptif. Adapun hasil penelitian ini ditemukan bahwa Mun’im Sirry menafsirkan ayat-ayat yang bersifat eksklusif secara inklusif. Ia memandang bahwa Islam yang disebut dalam ayat eksklusif  sebagai agama satu-satunya yang diterima bukanlah Islam yang khusus diajarkan oleh Nabi Muhammad Saw, sehingga ayat ekslusif ini harus difahami secara inklusif, yakni Islam yang difahami dalam bentuk generiknya yakni ketaatan dan ketundukan kepada Tuhan. Sementara faktor munculnnya penafsiran inklusif dalam ayat-ayat eksklusif Mun’im Sirry umumnya disebabkan oleh faktor-faktor kemanusiaan seperti pemahaman eksklusif dan intoleran pada sebagian pemeluk agama Islam serta munculnya gerakan radikalisme.
Zakat Fitrah Sebagai Modal Usaha Ditinjau Dari Hukum Islam
Authors: Efendi Faisal , Hertasmaldi  , S Yogi , Abdul Razak Dudung
Published: January 2024

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh adanya pengelolaan zakat fitrah yang pendistribusiannya tidak diberikan kepada delapan golongan (asnaf) seperti yang tertera dalam Surat At-Taubah ayat 60, yang mana dana atau harta zakat yang telah terkumpul digunakan untuk membeli sapi dan diberikan kepada fakir dan  miskin saja. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis: (1) mendeskripsikan pemahaman masyarakat terhadap pengelolaan zakat fitrah (2) mendeskripsikan pengelolaan zakat fitrah (3) mendekripsikan pengelolaan zakat fitrah sebagai modal usaha ditinjau dari hukum islam. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif. Informasi penelitian ini adalah masyarakat atau jama’ah Masjid Baitul Ikhlas Padang Sirih, Kenagarian Sungai Tunu Barat, Kecamatan Ranah Pesisir, Kabupaten Pesisir Selatan dengan menggunakan data primer dan sekunder. Alat pengumpulan data yaitu: observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Pendekatan hukum yang digunakan yaitu yuridis empiris. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa; Pertama, Menurut pemahaman masyarakat jamaah Masjid Baitul Ikhlas Padang Sirih, bahwa pendistribusian zakat fitrah hanya kepada fakir dan miskin saja. Kedua, Dana zakat yang telah terkumpul didistribusikan sebagai modal usaha dalam bentuk ternak sapi dan diberikan kepada fakir miskin. Ketiga, Mendistribusikan zakat fitrah sebagai modal usaha boleh namun bukan solusi untuk menghilangkan kemiskinan secara keseluruhan. Pendistribusian zakat fitrah diutamakan untuk kepentingan di hari Raya Idul Fitri terlebih dahulu agar mereka bergembira merayakan kemenangan.
Satu Hadis Nabi Beragam Pemaknaan; Resepsi Masyarakat Sutera Terhadap Kuburan di Lingkungan Masjid
Authors: Yunidos  , Wendry Novizal , Fata Azamel
Published: January 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap resepsi masyarakat Sutera terhadapdijadikannya lingkungan masjid sebagai kuburan. Terjadi kontroversi di kalangan masyarakat berdasarkan pemaknaan mereka terhadap Aisyah yang menjelaskan posisi kuburan Nabi di lingkungan masjid. Riset ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan objek formal fenomenologi Edmund Husserl. Riset ini menemukan bahwa keberislaman masyarakat Sutera dimulai dari tahun tahun 1616 dan terus berkembang sampai saat. Ditemukan sebanyak 45 buah masjid dan 80 buah mushalla di Sutera. Masyarakat menjadikan lingkungan masjid sebagai kuburan mengaku terilhami dari keberadaan kuburan Nabi Muhammad Saw di masjid Nabawi. Adapun kelompok yang menolak beralasan menghindari timbulnya perbuatan syirik di tengah masyarakat.
PERAN DAN DAMPAK PENGEMBANGAN WISATA LOKAL TERHADAP PELESTARIAN BUDAYA LOKAL MAKAM DATU BENUE DESA SELEBUNG KECAMATAN BATULIANG KABUPATEN LOMBOK TENGAH
Authors: Syudirman
Published: January 2024

Penelitian ini menggambarkan peran penting pelestarian budaya lokal dalam konteks pengembangan pariwisata lokal di Makam Datu Benue, Desa Selebung, Kecamatan Batukliang, Kabupaten Lombok Tengah. Penelitian ini merupakan bagian dari program KKP (Kuliah Kerja Partisipatif) dari UIN Mataram. Makam Datu Benue adalah situs bersejarah yang memiliki nilai historis signifikan dalam sejarah dan budaya kuno di Lombok. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode pendekatan ABCD (Asset-Based Community Development) dan community mapping sebagai metodologi utama. Melalui penggalian sejarah, penataan lingkungan, dan pemahaman mendalam terhadap budaya lokal, penelitian ini mengidentifikasi peran pelestarian budaya dalam mengembangkan pariwisata lokal. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah pemahaman yang lebih mendalam tentang asal usul, nilai-nilai historis, dan peristiwa yang terkait dengan Makam Datu Benue. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga membahas dampak dari upaya pelestarian budaya ini terhadap pengembangan wisata lokal. Ini mencakup peningkatan daya tarik wisatawan, kontribusi terhadap ekonomi lokal, serta pelestarian tradisi dan pengetahuan lokal. Langkah-langkah konkrit seperti penataan lingkungan, pemasangan plang penunjuk arah, dan pemulihan tradisi-tradisi lokal juga dibahas dalam penelitian ini. Kesimpulannya, penelitian ini menyoroti betapa pentingnya pelestarian budaya lokal dalam pengembangan wisata lokal dan bagaimana pendekatan ABCD dan community mapping dapat menjadi alat yang efektif dalam upaya ini. Hasil dari penelitian ini berpotensi memberikan manfaat berkelanjutan bagi masyarakat lokal, memperkuat identitas budaya suku Sasak, dan mengenalkan sejarah yang kaya kepada masyarakat luas
PENDAMPINGAN SERTIFIKASI HALAL PADA UMKM DESA SEMBUNG KECAMATAN NARMADA
Authors: Lara Aprilia
Published: January 2024

Sertifikasi Halal adalah proses verifikasi yang menegaskan bahwa produk atau layanan yang diberikan sesuai dengan prinsip-prinsip makanan halal dalam agama Islam. Mendapatkan sertifikasi halal dapat membantu UMKM memasuki pasar yang lebih besar. Namun, di Desa Sembung sejumlah UMKM belum memiliki sertifikasi halal sehingga pemasaran produk tidak dapat menjangkau pasar secara luas. Tujuan dari penelitian ini ialah untuk memberikan pendampingan pengelolaan sertifikasi halal pada sejumlah UMKM desa Sembung Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan Participatory Action Research (PAR) yakni penelitian dimulai dari identifikasi sejumlah permasalahan desa, melakukan aksi penyelesaian masalah dan menerapkan solusi untuk desa. Data hasil penelitian didapatkan melalui wawancara menggunakan instrument angket. Berdasarkan hasil wawancara, maka didapatkan hasil bahwa terdapat empat UMKM di desa sembung yang belum bersertifikasi halal dan siap untuk mendapatkan pendamppingan sertifikasi halal. Oleh karena itu, dapat simpulkan bahwa desa sembung memiliki potensi pengembangan potensi ekonomi melalui UMKM yang siap untuk menjalani pendampingan sertifikasi halal.
A Review of Research on Chinese University Foreign Language Teachers’ Information Literacy
Authors: Li Chongyue , Cai Junxi
Published: January 2024

Information technology has been deeply integrated in and widely applied to various fields of society, including education. The continuous informatization of higher education means that university teachers will face new challenges of information technology. The requirements for a teacher’s information literacy imply a higher ability to teach with the aid of information technology. The connotation of information literacy and the improvement of information technology ability of foreign language teachers in Chinese universities have been deeply explored. This article reviews the previous research of the information literacy of foreign language teachers in Chinese universities, points out the limitations of the research, and makes some suggestions for further study.
Legal aspects of family decision-making in place of a person who has mental impairment caused by age or illness - selected issues
Authors: Wilk Aleksandra
Published: January 2024

Wprowadzenie. Przedmiotem rozważań w opracowaniu są prawne aspekty podejmowania decyzji przez członków rodziny w zastępstwie za osobę, u której doszło do osłabienia umysłowego wywołanego wiekiem lub chorobą. W orzecznictwie okoliczność osłabienia umysłowego uznaje się za niewystarczającą do ubezwłasnowolnienia, przy czym jednocześnie osoba ta na gruncie prawa cywilnego może zostać uznana za osobę nieposiadającą wystarczającej świadomości do podjęcia samodzielnie decyzji prawnie wiążących. Cel. Celem rozważań w niniejszym opracowaniu jest wskazanie na niejednolitość przepisów prawnych oraz trudności interpretacyjne w obszarze zagadnień poruszonych w treści. Tezą badawczą niniejszego opracowania jest kwestia, czy instrumenty prawne dotyczące poruszonych zagadnień obowiązujące w polskim systemie pozwalają na pogodzenie prawa do decydowania o swoim życiu osobistym z prawami członków rodziny w zakresie podejmowania przez nich decyzji substytucyjnych w zastępstwie za innego członka rodziny. Materiały i metody. Zastosowano metody teoretyczno-prawną oraz dogmatyczno-prawną, oparte na analizie treści merytorycznych i poglądów przedstawicieli doktryny prawa oraz na szerokiej analizie dorobku judykatury. Dokonano problemowej analizy zagadnienia będącego przedmiotem opracowania. Wyniki i wnioski. W polskim systemie instrumenty prawne w przypadku osób, u których dochodzi do osłabienia umysłowego wywołanego wiekiem lub chorobą, nie pozwalają w dostatecznym stopniu na pogodzenie prawa do decydowania o swoim życiu osobistym z prawami członków rodziny w zakresie podejmowania przez nich decyzji substytucyjnych w zastępstwie za członka rodziny. Obowiązujące regulacje prawne są niespójne, a ocena braku świadomości i utraty zdolności do skutecznego podejmowania decyzji nie ma wystarczających ram prawnych i legalnie obowiązujących definicji. Uzasadnione jest wobec tego oczekiwanie wprowadzenia do systemu prawnego pełnomocnictwa opiekuńczego (prewencyjnego) według zasad proponowanych w przedkładanych wielokrotnie projektach regulacji prawnych.
DYNAMIC MODEL OF TRAINING ATHLETES IN ARM WRESTLING AND ITS OPTIMIZATION
Authors: Yudenkov Aleksey , Volodchenkov Alexander , Voitekhovsky Michael
Published: January 2024

The paper proposes a mathematical model for training athletes in arm wrestling. The main goal is to optimize the preparation of athletes for the competitive season. The mathematical model is based on the general theory of Markov processes and the Bellman principle of optimization of dynamic systems. The model is also adapted to work with factors that are difficult to formalize. The mathematical model will be useful for optimization in the complex planning of training athletes in arm wrestling.
Presencia del contrabajo en la producción discográfica del vals criollo del Perú de 1940 a 1960
Authors: Otárola Yllescas Ricardo León
Published: January 2024

El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo reconocer los diversos factores que habrían determinado la incursión del contrabajo en el acompañamiento instrumental de la música criolla del Perú, específicamente del vals. Analizando el proceso de producción discográfica, se observa cómo el instrumento ha logrado una importante presencia en el formato instrumental criollo. En este estudio se aborda el aporte musical de contrabajistas que hicieron los primeros registros discográficos y se presenta mediante transcripciones musicales cuáles fueron los recursos instrumentales, formas y patrones rítmico-melódicos que han empleado en la grabación de valses y han ido recreando en el devenir discográfico. Al estudiar este proceso de adaptación del instrumento y de cómo ha sido su paulatina presencia en la música popular, se obtuvo también una importante data que permite comprender cronológicamente variados aspectos del desarrollo de la música peruana en general.
DINAMIKA PELAKSANAAN HUKUM DI MASYARAKAT : KASUS KRIMINALISASI PEMULUNG
Authors: Adinda Ayu Puspita Berliana
Published: January 2024

Pesoalan hukum terlihat dari tebang pilihnya penegakan hukum dalam kehidupan masyarakat, sehingga masyarakat lebih banyak mengenal hukum tajam ke bawah tumpul ke atas. Sejatinya, hukum diadakan untuk menghadirkan keadilan, kebaikan, dan keberpihakan kepada kepentingan masyarakat luas. Namun disayangkan penegakan hukum kita lebih berorientasi pada kepentingan yang berkuasa dibandingkan kepentingan rakyat. Contoh kasus terkait permasalahan penegakan hukum di Indonesia adalah kasus kriminalisasi pemulung, dengan rekayasa kasus kepemilikan ganja. PN Jakpus pada 3 Mei 2010 memvonis bebas Chairul Saleh seorang pemulung yang dituduh memiliki ‎ganja seberat 1,6 gram. Penelitian ini membahas tentang apa yang dimaksud dengan penegakan hukum di dalam negara hukum dan apakah dampak dari masalah penegakan hukum di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis normatif yaitu penelitian hukum kepustakaan yang dilakukan dengan cara meneliti bahan-bahan pustaka atau data sekunde. Dalam hal ini adalah berita yang terjadi di tahun 2010 dimana terjadi kriminalisasi pemulung yang dipaksa mengakui kepemilikan ganja oleh sejumlah oknum polisi.

The legalization can be seen from the cutting down of law enforcement in people's lives, so that people are more familiar with the law sharply downwards and above. In fact, the law is held to bring justice, kindness, and partiality to the interests of the wider community. But it is unfortunate that our law enforcement is more oriented towards the interests of the powerful than the interests of the people. An example of a case related to law enforcement problems in Indonesia is a case of criminalization of waste pickers, with the engineering of a marijuana possession case. PN Jakpus on May 3, 2010 sentenced Chairul Saleh to free a scavenger accused of possessing 1.6 grams of marijuana. This research discusses what is meant by law enforcement within the country of law and what is the impact of law enforcement problems in Indonesia. This research uses normative juridical research methods, namely literature law research which is carried out by examining library materials or sekunde data. In this case, it is news that occurred in 2010 where there was a criminalization of scavengers who were forced to admit possession of marijuana by a number of police officers
FUNGSI HUKUM ADAT DALAM PEMBENTUKAN PERATURAN PERUNDANG-UNDANGAN DI INDONESIA
Authors: Saiful Anam
Published: January 2024

In the formation of laws and regulations, we tend to forget customary laws that have existed and are used in everyday life. The formation of laws and regulations based on cultural values and the nation's cultural culture needs serious attention. The search for customary law that applies in Indonesia to then be used as a basis for the formation of national law is very crucial in the midst of the decline in the adoption of the nation's cultural values so that customary law can be used as a reflection in the formation of law both at the central and regional levels in Indonesia. This writing uses sociological normative writing methods that will provide an elaboration of the position and position of the Customary Constitution in the Indonesian legal system. Through the writing of this journal, it is expected to provide an understanding of how important the position of the Customary Constitution is in legal development in the modern era. With the actualization of Customary Law in the formation of Law, it is hoped that we can nurture the wealth of noble values of the nation and be maintained as part of the nation's wealth, and Customary Law will still be used as a reference in every life of the nation and state in Indonesia.
Abstrak
Dalam pembentukan peraturan perundang-undangan, kita cenderung melupakan hukum adat yang selama ini pernah ada dan digunakan dalam keseharian. Pembentukan hukum dan peraturan perundang-undangan yang berbasis pada nilai-nilai budaya dan kultur budaya bangsa perlu mendapatkan perhatian serius. Penelusuran hukum adat yang berlaku di Indonesia untuk kemudian dijadikan dasar dalam pembentukan hukum nasional menjadi hal yang sangat krusial di tengah merosotnya pengangkatan tata nilai kebudayaan bangsa sehingga hukum adat dapat dijadikan cerminan dalam pembentukan hukum baik di tingkatan pusat dan daerah yang ada di Indonesia. Penulisan ini menggunakan metode penulisan normatif sosiologis yang akan memberikan penjabaran tentang posisi dan kedudukan Konstitusi Adat dalam sistem hukum Indonesia. Melalui penulisan jurnal ini diharapkan memberikan pemahaman betapa pentingnya posisi Konstitusi Adat dalam pembangunan hukum di era modern. Dengan adanya pengaktualisasian Hukum Adat dalam pembentukan Hukum, maka diharapkan kekayaan nilai-nilai luhur bangsa dapat kita pupuk dan dipertahankan sebagai bagian dari kekayaan bangsa, serta Hukum Adat akan tetap dijadikan rujukan dalam setiap kehidupan berbangsa dan bernegara di Indonesia.
Tests de randomisation : une façon plus flexible de tester la significativité avec le logiciel Stata
Authors: Dubé Jean , Cardenas Diego , Champagne Marie-Pier
Published: January 2024

En sciences régionales, plusieurs conclusions empiriques reposent sur des tests de significativité. La significativité des paramètres dans des modèles de régression revêt souvent une importance capitale pour les chercheurs. Or, le calcul des tests statistiques classiques (test-t ou test-F) repose sur un certain nombre d’hypothèses qui, si elles s’avèrent non-respectées, peuvent entraîner un biais dans les calculs des statistiques. Le but de cette note technique est de présenter une approche alternative, un test non-paramétrique, permettant de tester la significativité à partir d’un test de randomisation. Cette approche est plus flexible que les tests paramétriques conventionnels et son application est relativement simple. Afin de démontrer le potentiel de la méthode, une application détaillée dans le logiciel Stata est présentée sur la base de données fictives.
Estudio de caso de una experiencia de innovación educativa: el Aprendizaje Basado en Proyectos de modo interdisciplinar en el grado de Educación Primaria
Authors: Paños-Castro Jessica , Etxeberria-Illarregi Beñat
Published: January 2024

Las instituciones de educación superior tienen que adaptarse a los rápidos cambios tecnológicos, culturales, económicos y demográficos que se están dando. Un ejemplo de innovación educativa al aplicarse por primera vez y ser novedoso generando cambios, es el Aprendizaje Basado en Proyectos (ABP), dónde el alumnado es el protagonista de su proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje, y la aplicación de esta metodología permite enfrentarse a situaciones cotidianas o reales. El empleo de este ABP ha resultado ser una apuesta institucional novedosa, por la gestión organizativa del profesorado y la interconexión de diferentes áreas de conocimiento del plan de estudios. La presente investigación tiene como objetivo general analizar una experiencia de ABP interdisciplinar de dos cursos académicos llevada a cabo en el Grado de Educación Primaria en la Universidad de Deus- to (España). Para ello, se ha realizado un análisis cualitativo de 27 entrevistas semiestructuradas al alumnado participante. Los resultados indican como ventajas del ABP la interdisciplinariedad, el dar solución a un caso real, el aprendizaje significativo y el desarrollo de competencias profesionales para el desempeño profesional como son la escucha activa, el trabajo en equipo y el liderazgo. Sin embargo, han indicado en el proceso sentirse perdidos y desmotivados, principalmente por la falta de habilidades para trabajar en equipo, el desconocimiento para saber buscar información, la no dis- posición presencial en clase del profesor y la inconexión entre las asignaturas del plan de estudios. Así pues, plantean como estrategias de mejora realizar dinámicas de trabajo en equipo, mejorar la coordinación del profesorado y readaptar el proyecto (entregas, carga de trabajo y criterios de evaluación, entre otros)
La integración de conocimientos teórico-prácticos desde la experiencia de profesionales del Trabajo Social en la formación del estudiantado a través de metodologías activas y participativas
Authors: Medina-Rodríguez María del Valle , Álvarez Bernardo Gloria , Mielgo García Francisco
Published: January 2024

En los estudios de grado de Trabajo Social, tal y como establece el Libro Blanco del Título de Trabajo Social, se establecen una serie de objetivos competenciales relacionados con los conocimientos teóricos, metodológicos y actitudinales contemplados en el currículum formativo de la disciplina. La incorporación de metodologías activas y participativas a los procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje favorecen la adquisición de estos en el estudiantado. Igualmente, en los procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje la utilización de recursos didácticos que conecten los conocimientos teóricos con el ejercicio de la práctica profesional favorece la comprensión de las materias curriculares en el estudiantado.  Este estudio responde al objetivo de analizar el impacto que tiene la teoría en la intervención social para trabajadoras y trabajadores sociales en activo para la creación de contenido teórico-práctico para la asignatura de Introducción a los Modelos de Trabajo Social de la Universidad de Granada. La metodología empleada incorpora el trabajo documental y el desarrollo de tres grupos de discusión en el que han participado 18 profesionales del trabajo social en activo. El análisis de los discursos que se generaron en los mismos ha servido como recurso para el desarrollo de una clase invertida con el estudiantado que cursa la asignatura de Introducción a los Modelos de Trabajo Social de la Universidad de Granada. El análisis se ha realizado en torno a tres categorías: el valor de la teoría en el ejercicio profesional; roles, fines y modelos teóricos subyacentes al trabajo social; y el trabajo social del futuro. Los resultados muestran cómo los y las profesionales del trabajo social dotan de gran importancia a la teoría como guía en su práctica profesional, abordando la misma preferentemente desde modelos teóricos sistémicos y humanistas y apostando por la recuperación de enfoques teóricos comunitarios y críticos-transformadores.
Валерий Варфоломеевич Мошев и его вклад в ракетостроение и пермскую науку
Authors: Гаришин О.К. , Мошева И.В. , Свистков А.Л.
Published: January 2024

The article describes the life path of Valery Varfolomeevich Moshev, the Director of the Institute of Continuum Media Mechanics of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (1986–1993), Professor, Doctor of Technical Sciences, his labor and scientific achievements. His contribution to the organization and development of Perm academic and applied science for the period starting from the 50s of the XX century and up to the present time is described in detail. Recollections of his colleagues, students and friends about V.V. Moshev are given.
Phosphate starvation signaling increases mitochondrial membrane potential through respiration-independent mechanisms
Authors: Ouyang Yeyun , Jeong Mi-Young , Cunningham Corey N , Berg Jordan A , Toshniwal Ashish G , Hughes Casey E , Seiler Kristina , Van Vranken Jonathan G , Cluntun Ahmad A , Lam Geanette , Winter Jacob M , Akdogan Emel , Dove Katja K , Nowinski Sara M , West Matthew , Odorizzi Greg , Gygi Steven P , Dunn Cory D , Winge Dennis R , Rutter Jared
Published: January 2024

Mitochondrial membrane potential directly powers many critical functions of mitochondria, including ATP production, mitochondrial protein import, and metabolite transport. Its loss is a cardinal feature of aging and mitochondrial diseases, and cells closely monitor membrane potential as an indicator of mitochondrial health. Given its central importance, it is logical that cells would modulate mitochondrial membrane potential in response to demand and environmental cues, but there has been little exploration of this question. We report that loss of the Sit4 protein phosphatase in yeast increases mitochondrial membrane potential, both by inducing the electron transport chain and the phosphate starvation response. Indeed, a similarly elevated mitochondrial membrane potential is also elicited simply by phosphate starvation or by abrogation of the Pho85-dependent phosphate sensing pathway. This enhanced membrane potential is primarily driven by an unexpected activity of the ADP/ATP carrier. We also demonstrate that this connection between phosphate limitation and enhancement of mitochondrial membrane potential is observed in primary and immortalized mammalian cells as well as in Drosophila. These data suggest that mitochondrial membrane potential is subject to environmental stimuli and intracellular signaling regulation and raise the possibility for therapeutic enhancement of mitochondrial function even in defective mitochondria.
Double and triple thermodynamic mutant cycles reveal the basis for specific MsbA-lipid interactions
Authors: Lyu Jixing , Zhang Tianqi , Marty Michael T , Clemmer David , Russell David H , Laganowsky Arthur
Published: January 2024

Structural and functional studies of the ATP-binding cassette transporter MsbA have revealed two distinct lipopolysaccharide (LPS) binding sites: one located in the central cavity and the other at a membrane-facing, exterior site. Although these binding sites are known to be important for MsbA function, the thermodynamic basis for these specific MsbA-LPS interactions is not well understood. Here, we use native mass spectrometry to determine the thermodynamics of MsbA interacting with the LPS-precursor 3-deoxy-D-manno-oct-2-ulosonic acid (Kdo)2-lipid A (KDL). The binding of KDL is solely driven by entropy, despite the transporter adopting an inward-facing conformation or trapped in an outward-facing conformation with adenosine 5’-diphosphate and vanadate. An extension of the mutant cycle approach is employed to probe basic residues that interact with KDL. We find the molecular recognition of KDL is driven by a positive coupling entropy (as large as –100 kJ/mol at 298 K) that outweighs unfavorable coupling enthalpy. These findings indicate that alterations in solvent reorganization and conformational entropy can contribute significantly to the free energy of protein-lipid association. The results presented herein showcase the advantage of native MS to obtain thermodynamic insight into protein-lipid interactions that would otherwise be intractable using traditional approaches, and this enabling technology will be instrumental in the life sciences and drug discovery.
Transdifferentiation of fibroblasts into muscle cells to constitute cultured meat with tunable intramuscular fat deposition
Authors: Ma Tongtong , Ren Ruimin , Yang Ruipeng , Xinyi Zheng , Hu Yang , Zhu Guiyu , Wang Heng
Published: January 2024

Current studies on cultured meat mainly focused on the muscle tissue reconstruction in vitro, but lack the formation of intramuscular fat which is a crucial factor in determining taste, texture and nutritional contents. Therefore, incorporating fat into cultured meat is of superior value. In this study, we employed the myogenic/lipogenic transdifferentiation of chicken fibroblasts in 3D to produce muscle mass and deposit fat into the same cells without the co-culture or mixture of different cells or fat substances. The immortalized chicken embryonic fibroblasts were implanted into the hydrogel scaffold and the cell proliferation and myogenic transdifferentiation were conducted in 3D to produce the whole-cut meat mimics. Compare to 2D, cells grown in 3D matrix showed elevated myogenesis and collagen production. We further induced fat deposition in the transdifferentiated muscle cells and the triglyceride content could be manipulated to match and exceed the levels of chicken meat. The gene expression analysis indicated that both lineage-specific and multi-functional signalings could contribute to the generation of muscle/fat matrix. Overall, we were able to precisely modulate muscle, fat, and collagen content according to balanced or specialized meat preferences. These findings provide new avenues for customized cultured meat production with desired intramuscular fat contents that can be tailored to meet the diverse demands of consumers.
Land Reform
Authors: Manning Kimberley Ens
Published: January 2024

This chapter explains land reform as a fulcrum for political recruitment and agency. It then considers the affective dimensions of land reform in Henan and Jiangsu. Land reform work teams sought to consolidate the Chinese Communist Party's local power by documenting and categorizing households according to wealth and means of livelihood. Meanwhile, local women's organizing could only take place in the context of peasant associations during the land reform movement. The chapter explains that many of the struggles inherent in land reform focused on women were deeply salient in the enactment of local state formation. It notes that many local women's heads expressed their activism as party militants by embodying a total devotion to political work while simultaneously executing maternalist policies as the basis for the new familial order.
Filial Brides
Authors: Manning Kimberley Ens
Published: January 2024

This chapter cites that the implementation of the 1950 Marriage Law fostered the capacity of the state to surveil and manage the socialist family. The chapter introduces Hou Qiuyi, who was responsible for implementing the legislation that signaled the start of a new era in family life and the right to single-party petition divorce. Moreover, the implementation of the law has celebrated the agency of rural women. Thus, the local suppression of divorce and the larger discourse of family harmony significantly shaped how women's liberation was understood and enacted. The chapter considers the backlash against the implementation of the 1950 Marriage Law, such as the efforts of the Chongqing Coalition to pursue an agenda of marriages based on love.
Shock Troops
Authors: Manning Kimberley Ens
Published: January 2024

This chapter details the attachments that underline the Great Leap Forward. It raises the argument that the notion of family materialized as a major site of conflict during the state-led mobilization of its citizens. Total War and War Communism lie at the center of the struggle on contrasting visions of the methods and goals of the state. The chapter explains how the Great Leap Forward emerged as a blended implementation of both visions before considering different states of activism and shifting personal ties that gave rise to temporary alliances. It mentions how mass militarized mobilizations in 1958 dealt a catastrophic blow to family-centered reform in Wenhe, Huoyue, and Gaoshan.
Leaders
Authors: Manning Kimberley Ens
Published: January 2024

This chapter focuses on the leadership of the Chinese Communist Party. It explains that the legitimacy of its leadership rested in large part on its ability to feed the population. The Qing and Guomindang governments had been largely discredited because of their inability to cope with national and international crises. Moreover, the All China Women's Federation's recognized responsibility for the welfare of women and women's bodies, as well as social welfare more broadly, enabled a semantic slippage in an analysis of the causes of the problems. The chapter also considers the role of Mao Zedong and Maoism in the complicated attachments that marked the struggles over family and state during the Great Leap Forward.
The Attached Politics of State Capacity and Contention
Authors: Manning Kimberley Ens
Published: January 2024

This chapter covers the attached politics of state capacity and contention. In the 1950s, state capacity in the People's Republic of China took shape through family ties by decentering the focus on individual agency that dominated feminist and factional struggle. Meanwhile, international fields of maternal and infant health, social work, education, and law constituted maternalist state-building in the first half of China's twentieth century. Regardless of regime type, the ongoing enactment of party families, the adoption of familial terms and histories, and the regulation of family life have been central to the realization and imagination of the modern state. The chapter highlights that the origins of state power correlate to which family ties matter in the ongoing processes of state formation.
Clerical Confraternities
Authors: Rigon Antonio
Published: January 2024

This chapter examines the function of clerical confraternities. The confraternities or congregations of the clergy are among the most widespread yet least known realities in the history of the Church and the religious life of medieval Italy. The congregations of the clergy were free pious confraternities established for prayer, worship, Masses for the souls of the dead, and mutual assistance. The chapter notes the bonds formed that went beyond family and parish circle through clerical confraternities. Urban congregations of the clergy survived up to the present day in various forms, such as the Venetian congregations existing today as a lively aspect of urban and religious life.
Mendicants
Authors: Casagrande Giovanna
Published: January 2024

This chapter covers the importance of mendicants during the thirteenth century in Italy. It clarifies the differences between two Italies: the communal Italy of the central and northern part and that of the Regno (Kingdom) in the south. In Italy and elsewhere, the mendicants burst forth within a well-established framework of ecclesiastical and religious institutions without destroying the preexisting and consolidated structure. The chapter explains that each mendicant order has its specific history and its dynamic and evolution while referencing several orders, such as the Carmelites and the Augustinians. It considers the case study on the Order of Penitence, which first appeared during the spread of mendicants.
Saints
Authors: Degl’Innocenti Antonella
Published: January 2024

This chapter illustrates the specific features of saints' religious choices, the novelty of their religious experience, and the reception they enjoyed. It provides an overview of Italy's history of sanctity in line with the ideals, forms of devotion, spirituality, and religious culture. The eleventh century represented the Gregorian Reform, which is the great process of rethinking and reorganizing the Church significant in Western religious history. The chapter explains that the twelfth century displayed elements of continuity from the previous century, but also introduced significant developments, such as the modernization of sanctity. The thirteenth century was one of the most fruitful times in the history of sanctity despite the moral crisis of the ecclesiastical and religious institutions through a return to more authentic values of Christianity.
Heresy
Authors: Alberzoni Maria Pia
Published: January 2024

This chapter elaborates on the notion of heresy as a doctrinal error. It explains how Charlemagne attempted to ensure the full orthodoxy of the sovereign and the uniformity of the Catholic faith among all the empire's subjects. Heresy had by then largely diminished due to the effective repression exerted by the Roman Church, but forms of religious dissent manifested in the mid-thirteenth century. The chapter also considers the emergence of Catharism, which is an expression of popular religiosity correlated to an awakening of evangelism and polemics against the clergy and the Roman Church. It mentions that mendicant orders and agreements between the papacy and local powers allowed ecclesiastical authorities to intervene against the rise of heresy.
The Liberty to Take Fish
Authors: Earle Thomas Blake
Published: January 2024

This book offers an incisive and nuanced history of the long American Revolution, describing how aspirations to political freedom coupled with the economic imperatives of commercial fishing roiled relations between the young United States and powerful Great Britain. The American Revolution left the United States with the “liberty to take fish” from the waters of the North Atlantic. Indispensable to the economic health of the new nation, the cod fisheries of the Grand Banks, the Bay of Fundy, and the Gulf of St. Lawrence quickly became symbols of American independence in an Atlantic world dominated by Great Britain. The fisheries issue was a near-constant concern in American statecraft that impinged upon everything, from Anglo-American relations, to the operation of American federalism, and even to the nature of the marine environment. The book explores the relationship between the fisheries and the state through the Civil War era when closer ties between the United States and Great Britain finally surpassed the contentious interests of the fishing industry on the nation's agenda. The book is a rich story that moves from the staterooms of Washington and London to the decks of fishing schooners and into the Atlantic itself to understand how ordinary fishermen and the fish they pursued shaped and were, in turn, shaped by those far-off political and economic forces. The book returns fishing to its once-central place in American history and shows that the nation of the nineteenth century was indeed a maritime one.
The Ruby and Reindeer Affair
Authors: Earle Thomas Blake
Published: January 2024

This chapter examines a paradox in Anglo-American relations. During the 1820s, transatlantic relations seemed to tilt toward reconciliation, at least at the level of high diplomacy. The Monroe Doctrine indicated the nations could work in concert to articulate shared diplomatic goals, yet on the fisheries, collisions between US fishermen and the British navy for real or alleged infractions of the three-mile line continued apace. A particularly dramatic series of captures during the 1824 fishing season illustrated how such friction could provoke an international incident. The chapter then looks at the captures of the schooners Ruby and Reindeer, which exposed the shortcomings of diplomacy. Even as fishing was implicated in high-level politics, its everyday operations were embedded in a series of environmental, technological, and industrial changes as midcentury approached.
“Our Living Is Truly That of Fishermen”
Authors: Earle Thomas Blake
Published: January 2024

This chapter evaluates the fishing industry from the perspective of fishermen and the US consuls who became intimately intertwined with the business of fishing as they were forced to deal with the fallout from the repeated collisions between fishermen and British sailors. It looks at a diary kept aboard on one of the many fishing voyages that left New England during the middle decades of the nineteenth century. This diary presents the unvarnished words of an individual fisherman as he navigated backbreaking labor and international intrigue. As US consuls were the direct contact point between the federal government and commercial actors abroad, they interacted with fishermen almost daily, and thus their correspondence with Washington reveals the everyday concerns of these maritime laborers. By integrating their perspective, this story becomes one of the lived experiences of US foreign policy and of how individual lives were shaped by federal power.
Sea Changes
Authors: Earle Thomas Blake
Published: January 2024

This chapter assesses how, in the aftermath of the Civil War, Anglo-American diplomats set about addressing the elements of transatlantic relations that prevented a larger rapprochement amidst the ongoing commercial and economic integration of the two nations. The Alabama Claims resulting from the depredations of British-built Confederate warships topped this list, but the fisheries remained ever present. Changing environmental and industrial conditions had rendered the Convention of 1818 woefully out of date. Although this process was hamstrung by US indignity toward Great Britain on account of the latter's flirtation with supporting the Confederacy, Anglo-American diplomats came to an agreement in 1871 that settled the Alabama Claims and subjected the fisheries issue to arbitration. Although this move seemed innocuous, it was evident that the federal government valued a transatlantic rapprochement over continuing its unblemished record of defending the interests of the fishing industry.
Epilogue
Authors: Earle Thomas Blake
Published: January 2024

This epilogue explores how, in the decade after the Halifax decision, despite fears that New England's fishing industry was going to ruin, Americans continued to do what they had always done—catch and eat fish, but in different ways. Railroads and refrigeration continued to transform how Americans ate fish, as fresh catches could be shipped further and further inland to satisfy the growing demand of more affluent Americans who had developed a taste for, and had the means to buy, fresh foods of all kinds. However, there also emerged another way of delivering fish to consumers that did not rely on rapid transportation and did not produce a stigmatized “poor man's food” like salted cod and mackerel. That was canning. Ultimately, the arrangements, institutions, and norms that came to define North Atlantic fishing by the turn of the twentieth century would lay the foundation for the crisis of overfishing that we live with today. The most important aspect of this was a federal government willing to foster those conditions.
Mallparks
Authors: Friedman Michael T.
Published: January 2024

This book observes that as cathedrals represented power relations in medieval towns and skyscrapers epitomized those within industrial cities, sports stadiums exemplify urban American consumption at the turn of the twenty-first century. Grounded in Henri Lefebvre and George Ritzer's spatial theories in their analyses of consumption spaces, the book examines how the designers of this generation of baseball stadiums follow the principles of theme park and shopping mall design to create highly effective and efficient consumption sites. In this exploration of these contemporary cathedrals of sport and consumption, the book discusses the history of stadium design, the amenities and aesthetics of stadium spaces, and the intentions and conceptions of architects, team officials, and civic leaders. The book's analysis is grounded in case studies of Oriole Park at Camden Yards in Baltimore; Fenway Park in Boston Stadium in Los Angeles; Nationals Park in Washington, DC; Target Field in Minneapolis; and Truist Park in Atlanta.
Target Field
Authors: Friedman Michael T.
Published: January 2024

This chapter analyzes the production practices of the architectural firm Populous during the design of Minneapolis's Target Field. It discusses Populous's dominance within the field of baseball stadium design, which has become self-reinforcing as its expertise has allowed the company to efficiently generate construction-ready designs and positioned it as the favorite for new baseball stadium commissions. It also explores how Populous's dominance has led to increasing homogenization of mallpark design and is materialized through generic designs similar to superstadiums. The chapter talks about the Populous' reproduction of basic spatial organization and successful amenities across commissions that draws aesthetic elements from local contexts. It argues that the differences between mallparks tend to be superficial.