bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exhibiting Extinction: Martha and the Monument, Two Modes of Remembering Nature
Authors: Enright Kelly
Published: September 2019

Whether stuffed remains in a museum case, inscribed tombstone, or stone wall perched on a cliff, memorials to extinct animals are timestamps representing human-animal relationships at particular moments in time. This essay analyzes the rhetoric and imagery of historical extinctions as seen in these memorials to understand the ways people struggled to understand the loss. Through examination of memorials to extinct species in U.S. museums, parks, and zoos my research has revealed a continuous struggle to identify the personhood of animals, define human-animal interactions, and locate human responsibility for environmental change.

 

While each memorial mimics remembrance practices used for humans and human events, they differ in their acknowledgement of the individuality and the agency of its extinction which, in turn, often denies agency to the animal. Steeped as they are in Romantic-era notions of wildness, these memorials can be read as parables of environmentalism, but in their conceptualization of the animal, they instruct us in the varieties of human-animal interactions and representations within the environmental movement at different times and places, making them more complex spaces than their simplicity suggests. While memorials present only a slice of the story, the memories they create and reinforce become part of the cultural ways of dealing with extinction that is often more popular and more poignant than historical narratives documenting their declines. At its core, my research adds to the literature on constructions of Nature in American culture by connecting 19th-century declension narratives with 20th-century extinctions, and problematizes the American ideology of abundance.
There is Buffalo Ecocide: A Meditation upon Homecoming in Buffalo Country
Authors: Hatley James
Published: September 2019

A Meditation upon Homecoming in Buffalo Country.
Mutual promotion effect between aerosol particle liquid water and nitrate formation lead to severe nitrate-dominated particulate matter pollution and low visibility
Authors: Wang Yu , Chen Ying , Wu Zhijun , Shang Dongjie , Bian Yuxuan , Du Zhuofei , Schmitt Sebastian H. , Su Rong , Gkatzelis Georgios I. , Schlag Patrick , Hohaus Thorsten , Voliotis Aristeidis , Lu Keding , Zeng Limin , Zhao Chunsheng , Alfarra Rami , McFiggans Gordon , Wiedensohler Alfred , Kiendler-Scharr Astrid , Zhang Yuanhang , Hu Min
Published: September 2019

Abstract. As has been the case in North America and Western Europe, the SO2 emissions substantially reduced in North China Plain (NCP) in recent years. A dichotomy of reductions in SO2 and NOx concentrations result in the frequent occurrences of nitrate (pNO3−)-dominated particulate matter pollution over NCP. In this study, we observed a polluted episode with the nitrate mass fraction in non-refractory PM1 (NR-PM1) up to 44 % during wintertime in Beijing. Based on this typical pNO3−-dominated haze event, the linkage between aerosol water uptake and pNO3− formation, further impacting on visibility degradation, have been investigated based on field observations and theoretical calculations. During haze development, as ambient relative humidity (RH) increased from ~ 10 % up to 70 %, the aerosol particle liquid water increased from ~ 1 μg/m3 at the beginning to ~ 75 μg/m3 at the fully-developed haze period. Without considering the water uptake, the particle surface area and the volume concentrations increased by a factor of 4.1 and 4.8, respectively, during the development of haze event. Taking water uptake into account, the wet particle surface area and volume concentrations enhanced by a factor of 4.7 and 5.8, respectively. As a consequence, the hygroscopic growth of particles facilitated the condensational loss of dinitrogen pentoxide (N2O5) and nitric acid (HNO3) to particles contributing pNO3−. From the beginning to the fully-developed haze, the condensational loss of N2O5 increased by a factor of 20 when only considering aerosol surface area and volume of dry particles, while increasing by a factor of 25 considering extra surface area and volume due to water uptake. Similarly, the condensational loss of HNO3 increased by a factor of 2.7~2.9 and 3.1~3.5 for dry and wet aerosol surface area and volume from the beginning to the fully-developed haze period. Above results demonstrated that the pNO3− formation is further enhanced by aerosol water uptake with elevated ambient RH during haze development, in turn, facilitating the aerosol taking up water due to the hygroscopicity of nitrate salt. Such mutual promotion effect between aerosol particle liquid water and nitrate formation can rapidly degrade air quality and halve visibility within one day. Reduction of nitrogen-containing gaseous precursors, e.g., by control of traffic emissions, is essential in mitigating severe haze events in NCP.
A double peak in the seasonality of California's photosynthesis as observed from space
Authors: Turner Alexander J. , Köhler Philipp , Magney Troy S. , Frankenberg Christian , Fung Inez , Cohen Ronald C.
Published: September 2019

Abstract. Solar-Induced chlorophyll Fluorescence (SIF) has been shown to be a powerful proxy for photosynthesis and gross primary productivity (GPP). The recently launched TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) features the required spectral resolution and signal-to-noise ratio to retrieve SIF from space. Here we present an oversampling and downscaling method to obtain 500-m spatial resolution SIF over California. We report daily values based on a 14-day window. TROPOMI SIF data show a strong correspondence with daily GPP estimates at AmeriFlux sites across multiple ecosystems in California. We find a linear relationship between SIF and GPP that is largely invariant across ecosystems with an intercept that is not significantly different from zero. Measurements of SIF from TROPOMI agree with MODIS vegetation indices (NDVI, EVI, and NIRv) at annual timescales but indicate different temporal dynamics at monthly and daily timescales. TROPOMI SIF data show a double peak in the seasonality of photosynthesis, a feature that is not present in the MODIS vegetation indices. The different seasonality in the vegetation indices may be due to a clear-sky bias in the vegetation indices, whereas SIF has a low sensitivity to clouds and can detect the downregulation of photosynthesis even when plants appear green. We further decompose the spatio-temporal patterns in the SIF data based on land cover. The double peak in the seasonality of California's photosynthesis is due to two processes that are out of phase: grasses, chaparral, and oak savanna ecosystems show an April maximum while evergreen forests peak in June. An empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis corroborates the phase offset and spatial patterns driving the double peak. The EOF analysis further indicates that two spatio-temporal patterns explain 84 % of the variability in the SIF data. Results shown here are promising for obtaining global GPP at sub-kilometer spatial scales and identifying the processes driving carbon uptake.
A Comprehensive Assessment of Tropical Stratospheric Upwelling in Specified Dynamics CESM1.2.2 (WACCM)
Authors: Davis Nicholas A. , Davis Sean M. , Portmann Robert W. , Ray Eric , Rosenlof Karen H. , Yu Pengfei
Published: September 2019

Abstract. Specified dynamics (SD) schemes relax the circulation in climate models toward a reference meteorology to simulate historical variability. These simulations are widely used to isolate the dynamical contributions to variability and trends in trace gas species. However, it is not clear if trends in the stratospheric overturning circulation are properly reproduced by SD schemes. This study assesses numerous SD schemes and modeling choices in the Community Earth System Model (CESM) Whole Atmosphere Chemistry Climate Model (WACCM) to determine a set of best practices for reproducing interannual variability and trends in tropical stratospheric upwelling estimated by reanalyses. Nudging toward the reanalysis meteorology as is typically done in SD simulations expectedly changes the model’s mean upwelling compared to its free-running state, but does not accurately reproduce upwelling trends present in the underlying reanalysis. In contrast, nudging to anomalies from the climatological winds or from the zonal mean winds and temperatures preserves WACCM’s climatology and better reproduces trends in stratospheric upwelling. An SD scheme’s performance in simulating the acceleration of the shallow branch of the mean meridional circulation from 1980–2017 hinges on its ability to simulate the downward shift of subtropical lower stratospheric wave momentum forcing. Key to this is not nudging the zonal-mean temperature field. Gravity wave momentum forcing, which drives a substantial fraction of the upwelling in WACCM, cannot be constrained by nudging and presents an upper-limit on the performance of these schemes.
Fluid-mediated, brittle-ductile deformation at seismogenic depth: Part II – Stress history and fluid pressure variations in a shear zone in a nuclear waste repository (Olkiluoto Island, Finland)
Authors: Prando Francesca , Menegon Luca , Anderson Mark W. , Marchesini Barbara , Mattila Jussi , Viola Giulio
Published: September 2019

Abstract. Microstructural record of fault rocks active at the brittle ductile transition zone (BDTZ) may retain information on the rheological parameters driving the switch in deformation mode, and on the role of stress and fluid pressure in controlling different fault slip behaviours. In this study we analysed the deformation microstructures of the strike-slip fault zone BFZ045 in Olkiluoto (SW Finland), located in the site of a deep geological repository for nuclear waste. We combined microstructural analysis, electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), and mineral chemistry data to reconstruct the variations in pressure, temperature, fluid pressure and differential stress that mediated deformation and strain localization along BFZ045 across the BDTZ. BFZ045 exhibits a mixed ductile-brittle deformation, with a narrow (
A new model for intra- and inter-institutional soil data sharing
Authors: Padarian José , McBratney Alex B.
Published: September 2019

Abstract. Data sharing and collaboration are critical to solving large scale problems. The prevailing soil data-sharing model is based on different groups sending their data to a lead party. This model is of a centralised nature and, consequently, results in the participants ceding their control and governance over their data to the lead party. Here we explore the use of a distributed ledger (blockchain) to solve the aforementioned issues. We explain what a blockchain is and some of its characteristics to then describe some features of a blockchain that makes it an interesting candidate for an inter-institutional database. Finally, we describe the potential use case of developing a global soil spectral library with multiple, independent international institutions constituting the network.
Mode choice in access and egress stages of high-speed railway travelers in China
Authors: Yang Haoran , Dijst Martin , Feng Jianxi , Ettema Dick
Published: September 2019

High-speed railway (HSR) has become a sustainable transport mode for inter-city travel, especially in China. As public transport (PT), the use of HSR involves access and egress to and from HSR stations. However, the literature focusing on the intra-city mode choice of HSR travelers is limited, especially regarding their differential socio-demographic and trip characteristics. This paper aims to fill that gap with an analysis of access/egress mode choice for business and leisure journeys in the Yangzi River Delta region. Using the HSR survey from Fudan University, we found that in China older and wealthier travelers have a strong preference for car use. For leisure travel, the explanatory power of the socio-demographic variables is much more influential in the egress than the access stage. With increasing access time, business travelers may be enticed to shift to a faster form of PT (e.g., subway rather than bus) in the access stage. With increasing line-haul time, only business travelers have a stronger preference for car use as their intra-city mode choice for business activities. A higher number of subway lines and diversity of land use around HSR stations is associated with less car use for business travelers in the egress stage.
Lachen nach dem Holocaust: Humor und Versöhnung in Michel Bergmanns "Teilacher-Trilogie"
Authors: Martín Martín Juan Manuel
Published: September 2019

Michel Bergmann vermittelt in seiner Trilogie einen generationenübergreifenden retrospektiven Blick auf die deutsche Nachkriegszeit und auf den Alltag der in Deutschland lebenden Juden. Die Romane zeigen die herausragende Rolle des Humors beim Erinnern an die traumatische Vergangenheit und ebenso für die Lösung der Schwierigkeiten, auf die die Überlebenden in ihrer als fremd wahrgenommenen Umgebung stießen. Aus dem Buch geht hervor, dass der Humor zu einem unerlässlichen Mittel zur Traumabewältigung wird, sodass er eine soziale (Wieder-)Eingliederung der Hauptfiguren in Deutschland begünstigt, zu der auch die ab den 50er Jahren spürbare wirtschaftliche Verbesserung beiträgt. Ihr Leben in der Bundesrepublik bringt eine beginnende Versöhnung mit der Gesellschaft der ehemaligen Feinde mit sich. Sie wird im Wesentlichen auf zweierlei Art gefördert: Einerseits durch die Entstehung von neuen Liebesbeziehungen zwischen Holocaustüberlebenden und (nichtjüdischen) Deutschen; andererseits infolge der von einigen jüdischen Figuren empfundenen Dankbarkeit gegenüber denjenigen, die während des Holocaust ihr Überleben im Untergrund ermöglicht hatten.
Validação de um histórico de enfermagem para indivíduos hospitalizados com doenças infectocontagiosas
Authors: Andrade Lidiane Lima de , Costa Marta Miriam Lopes , Fernandes Maria das Graças Melo , Mangueira Suzana de Oliveira , Freire Maria Eliane Moreira
Published: September 2019

Analisar a validade dos indicadores empíricos das necessidades humanas básicas contidos em um histórico de enfermagem para indivíduos hospitalizados com doenças infectocontagiosas. Pesquisa metodológica, desenvolvida em duas etapas: análise de conteúdo e validação clínica. Na primeira etapa participaram 37 enfermeiros especialistas e, da segunda, 65 indivíduos internados nas clínicas de doenças infectocontagiosas de dois hospitais universitários. Na validação clínica, foram avaliadas a presença e a ausência dos indicadores empíricos. Na análise de conteúdo, foram eliminados 14 indicadores empíricos, considerando o critério de relevância. Quanto aos critérios de clareza e precisão, 33 indicadores empíricos tiveram suas definições operacionais reformuladas, com alfa de Cronbach de 0,967 a 0,986. Na validação clínica, foram realizados ajustes para a estruturação final do histórico de enfermagem. Concluiu-se que os indicadores empíricos do histórico de enfermagem representaram adequadamente o foco de interesse e apresentaram excelente consistência interna.
Intractable stokes adams attack with myriad of ventricular arrythmias masquerading acute myocarditis
Authors: Kaur Mandeep , Bezwada Prema , Ayala-Rodriguez Cesar E.
Published: September 2019

Convulsive syncope can be difficult to distinguish from seizures at times. Misdiagnosis can result in unnecessary, and usually unsuccessful, treatment with antiepileptic drugs. A detailed history taking and physical examination along with continuous cardiac monitoring can help in making the correct diagnosis. Our patient was eventually found to have viral myocarditis. Moredetailed studies for the role of noninvasive cardiac testing such as Cardiac MRI (CMR) and newer treatment modalities such as anti-thymocyte immunoglobulin are required for the management of Viral Myocarditis.
The effectiveness of preoperative individual information on reducing anxiety and pain after hysterectomy: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Thorn Hrønn , Uhrenfeldt Lisbeth
Published: September 2019

Background and objective: Preoperative anxiety among gynecological patients is well-known and has a direct correlation with postoperative pain. By minimizing preoperative anxiety, the level of postoperative pain may decrease.  The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of preoperative structured information and dialogue on patients' anxiety and postoperative pain.Methods: A single-center non-blinded randomized controlled trial. Forty-six women scheduled for hysterectomy were allocated either to the study group or the control group.  The study group was given individual information at a preoperative consultation while the control group was given information at admittance. The main outcome was anxiety level and postoperative pain.Results: Forty participants (study group = 20; control group = 20) were analyzed. No statistically significant difference was found in anxiety level within the first 24 h postoperatively or in postoperative pain within four weeks between the groups.Conclusions: Preoperative individual information and dialogue did not result in significant effects in reducing anxiety level nor did it result in lower postoperative pain score.
The Development of Innovative Multimedia through Social Lab to Promote Perception of Good Citizenship according to Democratic Values
Authors: Thamwipat Kuntida , Princhankol Pornpapatsorn
Published: September 2019

This research was aimed to develop and to evaluate the quality of the innovative multimedia through social lab to promote perception of good citizenship according to democratic values, to evaluate the perception results, to evaluate the sampling group’s satisfaction towards the development of innovative multimedia and to evaluate the feedback by the organizer. The sampling group in this study consisted of 2 groups. The first group was 30 state enterprise entrepreneurs from the Community under the Bridge Zone 1 at soi Pracha-Utit 76, the Community at the Back of the Suanthonburirom Park and the Community Moo 3 in the Bang Mod area. They were chosen using purposive sampling method out of those who were filmed in a short film and were willing to be models for a desk calendar and to fill out the questionnaires. The second group was 50 students from the ETM 358 Marketing Communication course and the ETM 361 Presentation Skill 2 course in the second semester of the academic year 2018. They were chosen using purposive sampling method out of those who participated in at least 2 social labs and participated in all the short film events at the cinema. The statistical methods in this research were mean score, standard deviation and feedback by the organizer. The results from the research and development were as follows:

The results from the development of the innovative multimedia through social lab to promote perception of good citizenship according to democratic values contained 3 phases with the following major media, minor media and supporting media: short film, desk calendar and facebook page, vinyl banner for publicity with QR code and events to preview the short film and to screen the film at Major Cineplex cinema at Tesco Lotus Bangpakok. The quality of the media contents as evaluated by the expert panel was at a good level (x  = 4.25, S.D. = 0.72). The quality of the media presentation as evaluated by the expert panel was at a very good (x  = 4.61, S.D. = 0.32). The sampling group’s perception of the innovative multimedia was at a high level ( x  = 4.42, S.D = 0.68). The sampling group’s satisfaction towards the innovative multimedia was at a high level ( x  = 4.36, S.D = 0.72). These values confirmed the research hypotheses. The feedback or after action review by the learners showed that the majority had a good attitude towards service learning in conjunction with community-based learning in accordance with the research hypothesis. It was found that social work made students stronger and allowed them to think, analyze and engage in real work. They could communicate collaboratively through presentation and social media network for this course.
Population characteristics, habitat, and conservation status of Rhododendron ferrugineum L. (Ericaceae), a glacial relict new to Poland
Authors: Malicki Marek , Pusz Wojciech , Ronikier Michał , Suchan Tomasz
Published: September 2019

The first reliable information on the occurrence of Rhododendron ferrugineum in the Karkonosze Mts (excluding spots of directly acknowledged anthropogenic origin) was provided by A. Boratyński in 1983, but the status and origin of the plants were unknown. A recent phylogeographical study proved the natural character and relict status of the aforementioned population, which makes it the northernmost and most isolated site within the whole distribution of the species. In this study, we characterized the basic aspects of the ecology and conservation status of the population and, more specifically, focused on assessing the size of the population, general health of individuals, generative propagation ability, habitat conditions, and potential threats for the species. The population persists in the Sowia Dolina (east part of the Karkonosze Mts), in a microtopographically controlled, treeless microrefugium. Shrubs of R. ferrugineum are part of an acidophilous dwarf-heath plant community, similar to those occurring in the Alps and the Pyrenees, although less species-diverse. The plant community in the Karkonosze Mts has been preliminarily classified into the Genisto pilosae-Vaccinion alliance. The R. ferrugineum population consists of 68 individuals: 57 fully grown and juvenile and 11 seedlings. In 2017, 10 individuals flowered, seven of which developed fruits, while in 2018, 15 individuals produced flowers and eight developed mature fruits. Seeds collected in 2017 germinated in high numbers. Plants in the Karkonosze population hosted some fungal parasites typically found in Rhododendron species, but no intense disease symptoms strongly influencing plant fitness were observed. A combination of significant isolation, genetic distinctness, and high genetic diversity implies a high conservation priority for the R. ferrugineum population in Karkonosze. Despite the theoretical threats, including stochastic risks, the R. ferrugineum population seems to have been stable for a long time and, importantly, it is composed of individuals of different ages, from large flowering plants to seedlings.
Challenges to the strategic art at the beginning of XXI century – the twelve fundamental problems that strategists cannot cope with
Authors: Fryc Mariusz
Published: September 2019

The main aim of this research is to attract security and defense practi-tioners as well as theorists attention to the common as well as frequent-ly spotted fundamental problems concerning developing and imple-menting strategies of using force to solve security matters in conflicts. The research identified that ineffective strategies are often hampered by the twelve fundamental errors that strategists cannot cope with. Belong to them: 1) inadequate level of knowledge among military and political leaders concerning the strategic art and strategy itself; 2) hardship in defining the end state of the operation as well as creating unachievable strategic goals; 3) formulating a strategy on flawed as-sumptions; 4) inability to find the balance among the key components of each strategy like: goals, ways and means; 5) difficulties in achieving a political and military dialogue; 6) overestimating the effectiveness and usefulness of “hard” power as well deprecating utility of non-military power; 7) underestimating the influence of social and cultural aspects on the desired end state of the operation; 8) developing strategy upon inadequate theoretical and practical models; 9) using the comprehen-sive approach of developing strategy in an uninspired and mechanical way to achieve a competitive advantage over opponent; 10) measuring the success of the operation through the prism of short-term and tacti-cal effects instead of long-term and systemic one; 11) viewing an “exit strategy” as a predetermined date of withdrawal military forces from operation; 12) disregarding usage of the “just” strategies in accordance with international rules of law. Eliminating those errors form the con-temporary practice will make all implemented strategies far for effec-tive in its nature as well as significantly strengthen the probability of success in complex security situation where the force is intended to be applied.
Training and educational work in the Territorial Defense Force
Authors: Pilżys Jan
Published: September 2019

In connection with the establishment of a new type of troops in the Armed Forces of the Republic of Poland – the Territorial Defense Force (TDF, Polish abbrev. WOT), the author has decided to approximate the issue of their training. He brought closer the guidelines regarding the organizational structures of the Territorial Defense Force and the selec-tion of commanders and lecturers, the requirements that training and educational work should meet, as well as the theoretical-cognitive and methodological solutions and the reasons for their application. When answering the above questions, the author addressed only some issues in this field, in a condensed form that is necessary for the preparation and implementation of the training and educational process in the di-dactic system of the Territorial Defense Force. The purposeful and well thought narrowing of the subject matter by the author does not neces-sarily mean abandoning the cognitive ambitions of creating the TDF in the context of military and social reality.
A history of the Neisse Garrison
Authors: Szulc Tomasz
Published: September 2019

The Neisse Garrison always held a strategic position starting with its es-tablishment in the Early Middle Ages until the end of the 20th century. Its convenient location in the Sudety Foothills meant that it served de-fence functions protecting this area from both attacks from the north and the south. Over the centuries relations between the city and the military underwent numerous transformations depending on who con-trolled it. In the times of the Bishop’s Duchy and the rule of Habsburg only small troops stationed in the garrison, and the security of the whole area was provided by bulwarks. In 1741, after Neisse was seized by Frederick II, the town acquired enormous significance. The symbiosis between Neisse and the military, which lasted for the subsequent 260 years, had a considerable influence on the development and im-portance of the town. As a result of changes which took place in the Polish Army on the turn of the 20th and 21st century, the Neisse Garri-son was closed down.
The Use of Grey Literature Review as Evidence for Software Engineering
Authors: K. Kamei Fernando , Soares Sergio , Pinto Gustavo
Published: September 2019

Context: In the last years, the Grey Literature (GL) had a notable increase in interest in diverse areas of knowledge. In Software Engineering (SE), with the advance of social media, the SE practitioners are heavy consumers of GL, opposite to traditional research papers, such as the Systematic Literature Review (SLR). Problem: Despite the increase of numbers of SLRs, some researchers claim the lack of connection to the practice of SE, due to the lack of evidence derived from SE practitioners. Goal: Introduce methods and techniques to support a Grey Literature Review (GLR) in SE, aiming to approximate the literature review to the practice of SE. Method: First, we will investigate how secondary studies use GL; Second, we will employ a survey with researchers of SLRs and SE practitioners; Third, we will analyze the use of GL according to the context; Fourth, we will review the GL source in SE; Finally, we will propose a guideline to help SE researchers and practitioners to conduct the GLR. Preliminary findings: We have initiated the tertiary study conducting the manual (4,875 studies) and automatic (6,279 studies) searches. We eliminated those that were not an article, and also those were not written in English, remaining 8,019 potential studies. Currently, we are applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria.
A Tool for Automation of Knowledge Management Diagnostics in Software Development Companies
Authors: Santos Vinicius , Salgado João Gabriel , Souza Érica , Felizardo Katia , Vijaykumar Nandamudi
Published: September 2019

Knowledge Management (KM) is responsible for using the intellectual resources of an organization. KM principles are both determining and effective factors for the software product quality. Several KM process have been proposed in the literature. However, for a KM initiative to be successful, it is important to consider the current state of KM activities in a company. In this context, the objective of this work is to measure KM activities in software engineering companies by means of a tool that automates the process of KM diagnosis. This paper presents the Software Engineering KNOWledge management diagnosis (SEKNOW) tool, its main functionalities, the potential users profile and examples of use. In addition, we show how the architecture was implemented in order to make the tool extensible to multiple diagnostics and how the companies can employ the tool to fetch data to their systems. Finally, we present similar tools and compare their functionalities.
Dependency Rank: Método de priorização de requisitos baseado nas relações de dependência identificadas por PLN
Authors: Peron Generoso Marlon , Pimentel Andrey
Published: September 2019

Currently, the most commonly used software requirements prioritization techniques are highly dependent on human effort to achieve them. Facing this problem, this paper presents an automated prioritization method based on dependency relationships between features. The proposed method sought to reduce the amount of effort employed by automating part of this task in an attempt to provide greater agility and reliability to the process. Thus, we used the project requirements documentation as a basis for extracting these relationships. A prototype using natural language processing tools was developed, its application aimed to recognize candidate classes contained in software requirements specification documents, written as user stories, thereby enabling the identification of existing links between the features. After this analysis, a suggested ranking, which employs as main criterion the prioritization of the requirements with the largest number of dependencies, is generated. The method was tested in an experiment and its validation was assisted by professionals. The results showed that the strategy implemented to identify candidate classes reached an F1 score of 0.857. This index helped the prototype to classify up to 70% of the requirements within equivalent intervals to those obtained by human judgment, having as main challenge for future developments the increase of the subjectivity load of the method.
Study of the Sound Absorption Performance of Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate Foam Materials
Authors: GONG Wei , MA Yu Long , BAN Da Ming , YIN Xiao Gang , HE Li , FU Hai
Published: September 2019

Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate (EVA) polymer foam was prepared using a mold for this investigation. The effect of the cell structure parameters and pore filling gas type on the sound absorption performance of the EVA foam materials were analyzed in terms of their sound absorption capability. The results show that the cell size, cell wall thickness and pore filling gas type have significant influence on the sound absorption performance. When the cell size is 71.3 μm, at low frequency (1000 Hz) the absorption coefficient was the largest at 0.487 and the absorption effect was good. With the increase of the cell wall thickness, the peak value of the sound absorption coefficient first increased and then decreased, and gradually transferred to the low frequency area. When the cell wall thicknesses were 14.3 μm, the foam material had optimal sound absorption properties. The cell filling gas was hydrogen, the EVA foam material had optimal sound absorption effect, and the sound absorption peak value was 0.553 at 800 Hz in the low frequency range (Ⅰ), the sound absorption performance of the foamed materials was ideal.
Performance Characteristics of Hot-dip and Plasma Spray Aluminide Coated Nickel-Based Superalloy 718 under Cyclic Oxidation in Water Vapour
Authors: KOECH Pius Kibet , WANG Chaur Jeng
Published: September 2019

Aluminium coating due to its ability to form stable alumina oxide scale are commonly used to protect materials such as inconel 718 superalloys at high operational temperatures. Relevant properties of the oxide scale formed; growth rate and coating adherence is not only determined by the composition of the coating material used but is also influenced by the coating manufacturing process and the test condition. In the present work, effect of water vapour and thermocycling commonly prevailing on the morphology and composition of the alumina scales formed during high temperature oxidation was studied using hot-dip and plasma spray aluminium coatings. The coatings highly improved oxidation resistance of the alloy substrate with hot dip coating showing the lowest mass change compared to plasma spray. The results also show that the hot-dip coating has an inherently different morphology and growth rate compared to those formed on the plasma spray coating. High rate of oxidation, spallation and large voids with little protective alumina oxide layer were observed in moist condition test especially in plasma spray coatings.
Laufbahngestaltung bei begrenzter Tätigkeitsdauer 327 Betriebliche Herausforderungen und Handlungsperspektiven
Authors: Frerichs Frerich
Published: September 2019

Angesichts einer alternden Erwerbsbevölkerung gewinnen Konzepte einer gesundheitsförderlichen Arbeitsgestaltung zunehmende Bedeutung. Ansätze der Laufbahngestaltung in stark belastenden Berufen bzw. in solchen mit „begrenzter Tätigkeitsdauer“ können hier eine wichtige Rolle einnehmen, um die Gesundheit aufrechtzuerhalten und einen Verbleib in der Erwerbsarbeit bis zum Erreichen der Altersgrenzen zu ermöglichen. Vor diesem Hintergrund führt der Autor die Befunde aus aktuellen Forschungs- und Entwicklungsprojekten zur horizontalen, kompetenzbasierten Laufbahngestaltung in der Erwerbsarbeit konzeptionell zusammen und stellt exemplarische Ansätze dar. Er reflektiert die Verbreitungschancen entsprechender Laufbahnen kritisch und zeigt betriebliche Entwicklungsbedarfe auf.
Der Stellenwert der Schwerbehindertenvertretung in der betrieblichen Inklusion
Authors: Heide Marie Sophia , Niehaus Mathilde
Published: September 2019

Eine inklusive Arbeitswelt ist eine bedeutende Grundlage für eine selbstbestimmte und gleichberechtigte Teilhabe von Menschen mit Behinderungen und gesundheitlichen Beeinträchtigungen am Leben in der Gesellschaft. Durch die gesetzliche Verankerung und praktische Implementation der Schwerbehindertenvertretung (SBV) als betriebliche Interessenvertretung von Menschen mit Behinderung kann betriebliche Inklusion gestaltet werden. Auf Grundlage einer Befragung von 1552 Vertrauenspersonen der schwerbehinderten und gleichgestellten Beschäftigten in deutschen Betrieben und Dienststellen zeigt dieser Beitrag, dass ihre Arbeit durch eine große Nähe zu ihrer Zielgruppe gekennzeichnet ist und sie eine wichtige Repräsentanz- und Unterstützungsfunktion ausüben. Verdeutlicht wird auch, dass das Handeln und der Handlungsspielraum der SBV durch die Erwartungen und Interessen verschiedener Akteur*innen – u. a. jener der schwerbehinderten Kolleg*innen, der Unternehmensleitung und des Betriebs-/Personalrats – geprägt sind. Vor diesem Hintergrund ergeben sich Rollenkonflikte, die es durch gezielte Weiterbildungen zu bearbeiten gilt.
Kriminalität, Staatsangehörigkeit und Migrationshintergrund: Quantitativ-kriminologische Forschung und das Deutungsmuster einer essentialistischen Kultur
Authors: Struck Jens , Taefi Anabel
Published: September 2019

Staatsangehörigkeit und Migrationshintergrund sind kontroverse Bezugspunkte beim Sprechen über Kriminalität - nicht nur in den Medien und der Politik, sondern auch in der Wissenschaft. In diesem Kontext kann sich innerhalb von quantitativ-kriminologischer Forschung ein Deutungsmuster offenbaren, das eng mit den Variablen Staatsangehörigkeit und Migrationshintergrund verbunden ist: das Deutungsmuster einer essentialistischen Kultur als Treiber für Kriminalität. Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird diskutiert, inwieweit der Gebrauch derartiger Variablen durch eine verknappte Kommunikation im kriminalpolitischen Diskurs ein solches Deutungsmuster stabilisieren kann. Im Zuge dessen wird der essentialistische Kulturbegriff als etablierte Erklärung anhand exemplarischer Fallbeispiele von Mehrfachtötungsdelikten infrage gestellt und dessen Fragilität herausgearbeitet.
Informationen der öffentlichen Hand als Rohstoff für den Datenjournalismus: Rechtliche Gestaltungsprinzipien zum Erhalt der Meinungsvielfalt
Authors: Richter Heiko
Published: September 2019

In der Presselandschaft entwickelt sich der Datenjournalismus mittlerweile von einer Randerscheinung hin zu einer festen redaktionellen Größe. Entsprechend wächst seine Bedeutung für die öffentliche Meinungsbildung. „Datenjournalismus“ erfasst sowohl Rechercheansätze als auch Veröffentlichungsformen, bei denen Datensätze im Mittelpunkt stehen. Eine wichtige Datenquelle bilden dabei Informationen der öffentlichen Hand. Allerdings kann die öffentliche Hand ihrerseits die Weitergabe von Informationen als strategisches Instrument zur Selbstdarstellung begreifen und auf diesem Weg die öffentliche Meinung ebenso breitenwirksam wie subtil prägen. Der Datenjournalismus befindet sich dann in der ambivalenten Rolle, sowohl als Mittler als auch als Wachhund in Bezug auf solche Informationen zu fungieren. Dieser Beitrag untersucht, welche Möglichkeiten der öffentlichen Hand eröffnet sind, sich durch die digitale Informationsweitergabe selbstdarzustellen. Dafür analysiert er den geltenden Rechtsrahmen mit besonderem Blick auf den Datenjournalismus. Berücksichtigt werden dabei auch Wirkzusammenhänge und empirische Befunde. Auf Grundlage der Analyse formuliert der Beitrag Gestaltungsprinzipien, nach denen sich der Rechtsrahmen für die Informationsweitergabe der öffentlichen Hand fortentwickeln lässt. Diese Prinzipien sollen letztlich dazu beitragen, die für die Demokratie unabdingbare Meinungsvielfalt in einer zunehmend datengetriebenen Gesellschaft zu gewährleisten.
Unbedingt abwehrbereit, aber bedingt zuständig? Eine interdisziplinäre Evaluation der Facebook-Entscheidung des Bundeskartellamts
Authors: Schneiders Pascal
Published: September 2019

Anfang Februar 2019 legte das Bundeskartellamt (BKartA) eine wegweisende Entscheidung gegen Facebook vor. Es entschied, Facebook nehme in Deutschland eine marktbeherrschende Stellung ein und missbrauche diese, um den Nutzern unverhältnismäßig viele Daten abzuverlangen. Mit der Entscheidung legt das BKartA Facebook die Pflicht zu einer Entflechtung von Daten auf. So dürfen Daten, die über Drittangebote oder zum Facebook-Konzern gehörende Dienste wie WhatsApp oder Instagram gesammelt werden, künftig nur noch mit expliziter Einwilligung des Nutzers dessen Facebook-Account zugeordnet werden. Bisher hatte Facebook in seinen Geschäftsbedingungen festgelegt, dass das soziale Netzwerk nur unter der Voraussetzung genutzt werden könne, dass Facebook auch außerhalb der Facebook-Seite Daten über den Nutzer im Internet oder auf Smartphone-Apps sammelt und dem Facebook-Nutzerkonto zuordnet. Facebook selbst argumentiert, das BKartA überschreite durch den Rückgriff auf datenschutzrechtliche Wertungen seinen Kompetenzbereich. Weitergehend wird mitunter kritisiert, eine derartige Konvergenz von Kartell- und Datenschutzrecht gehe mit zwar effektiven, aber willkürlichen Regulierungsmaßnahmen einher. Der vorliegende Beitrag nähert sich diesem Präzedenzfall aus kommunikationswissenschaftlicher, medienökonomischer und juristischer Perspektive. Diese Verschränkung erlaubt es, die Grundlagen und Bedingungen für das Vorliegen einer notwendigen Kausalität zwischen marktbeherrschender Stellung und einem missbräuchlichen Verhalten herauszuarbeiten und die Angemessenheit der Kartellamts-Entscheidung und zukünftiger Entscheidungen dieser Art umfassend zu beurteilen.
Der Krieg der Richter
Authors: Graver Hans Petter
Published: September 2019

In his book ‘Der Krieg der Richter’ (The Judges’ War), Hans Petter Graver, a professor at the Department of Private Law at the University of Oslo, analyses the role of German and Norwegian courts during Germany’s occupation of Norway from 1940 to 1945. During the Second World War, ‘cruel judges and magistrates’ also fulfilled their ‘duty’ in Norway, above all those from the ‘Reichskriegsgericht’, the highest military court in Nazi Germany, the SS and police court in Oslo, and various special tribunals and drumhead court martials. While Nazification affected almost the entire Norwegian legal system, not least through the Norwegian far-right party Nasjonal Samling, there were some protests among the judiciary. However, how can their relatively weak resistance be explained? How did they reconcile the National Socialist ethos with their understanding of their own occupation and their professional ethics? In this book, Hans Petter Graver now provides German-speaking readers with a fascinating insight into a time replete with moral issues.
Völkerrecht
Authors: Krajewski Markus
Published: September 2019

Das Völkerrecht
ist keiner einheitlichen Kodifikation unterworfen und unterliegt permanentem Wandel. Die Völkerrechtslehre steht vor dem Problem, ihren Gegenstand dennoch strukturiert und in seinen Zusammenhängen verständlich darzustellen.
Das neue NomosLehrbuch
gibt Orientierung: Es schlägt eine Einordnung des Völkerrechts in einen Allgemeinen und einen Besonderen Teil vor. In dem Allgemeinen Teil werden die Lehren von den Rechtsquellen, den Rechtssubjekten und den grundlegenden Rechtsbeziehungen dargestellt. Der Besondere Teil umfasst die Teilrechtsgebiete des Völkerrechts (etwa Menschenrechtsschutz, Umwelt etc.). Krajewski greift dabei ausdrücklich neuere Entwicklungen etwa zur Staatenverantwortlichkeit, zu Privaten im Völkerrecht oder zur Rechtsquellendogmatik auf.
Für die 2. Auflage wurde das Lehrbuch auf den Stand der Rechtslage im Juli 2019 gebracht. Es greift die aktuellen Krisen und Herausforderungen internationaler Gerichte und Streitbeilegungsorgane (EGMR, WTO, Internationaler Strafgerichtshof), die völkerrechtlichen Implikationen von Referenden und Unabhängigkeitserklärungen (Kosovo, Krim und Katalonien) sowie neuere Entwicklungen im internationalen Wirtschaftsrecht und Klimaschutzrecht auf.
Das Lehrbuch orientiert sich zugleich an einer modernen rechtswissenschaftlichen Didaktik; Wiederholungs- und Vertiefungsfragen, Definitionen und zahlreiche Fälle erleichtern das Lernen.
Framing hate: Moral foundations, party cues, and (in)tolerance of offensive speech
Authors: Armstrong Grant M. , Wronski Julie
Published: September 2019

One of the most controversial elements of political tolerance concerns support for hate speech. We argue that there are two factors that can reduce tolerance for hate speech: 1) moral foundations and 2) party cues. U.S. citizens’ tolerance of hate speech will be reduced when it is framed as a violation of a specific moral foundation, opposed by a political party, or when the morality violation is utilized by party elites. Using two survey experiments, we manipulated the target of hate speech (i.e. Muslims or the American flag), whether the speech violated a moral foundation (i.e. harm or loyalty), and which political party supported or opposed the hate speech in question. For flag burning, moral frames and party cues on their own reduced U.S. citizens’ tolerance relative to a non-political control, while moral frames and party cues were successful in reducing tolerance of anti-Muslim speech compared to a free speech appeal. Partisans were generally responsive to cues from the in-party. We also found instances of moral repackaging, where morally incongruent appeals from the in-party reduced tolerance of flag burning among Democrats. Among Republicans, harm morality decreased tolerance of anti-Muslim speech when invoked by the in-party, but increased tolerance when used by the out-party – an indication of the power of party cues to repackage moral arguments and to trigger backlash. These results provide a better understanding of what factors can affect tolerance for hate speech, providing political leaders and social justice advocates with a roadmap to alleviate this problem.
L’émergence de la notion de conflits sévères de séparation au Québec : entre l’évolution de la famille et la réponse de l’État
Authors: Turbide Catherine , Saint-Jacques Marie-Christine
Published: September 2019

Cadre de la recherche : Depuis quelques années, le terme high conflict est utilisé pour désigner les familles où les parents séparés demeurent en conflit élevé malgré le passage du temps. Le conflit sévère de séparation est un concept qui a récemment beaucoup progressé puisque l’on observe une augmentation importante du nombre de publications sur le sujet depuis les années 2000. On peut donc se demander ce qui a contribué à l’émergence de ce concept.

Objectif : Analyser les dimensions du contexte social ayant contribué à l’émergence du concept de conflits sévères de séparation.

Méthodologie : Analyse des transformations sociodémographiques survenues au cours des soixante dernières années ainsi que de l’évolution des politiques sociales et des mesures législatives touchant les familles, telles qu’on a pu les observer au Québec et au Canada.

Résultats : Ce concept émerge au moment où les transformations qui, depuis soixante ans, touchent les familles, amènent les parents à mobiliser leurs capacités à négocier et l’État à orienter son intervention auprès des familles en mettant au cœur de sa réponse le besoin des enfants. Au même moment, le développement des connaissances scientifiques met en lumière les répercussions du conflit de séparation sur l’enfant.

Conclusions : Le concept de conflit sévère réfère aux situations où les parents n’arrivent pas à trouver une entente malgré les services reçus et où le conflit a des répercussions sur l’enfant. Il se trouve au cœur d’une question fondamentale : qu’est-ce qui est préférable pour l’enfant ? Préserver le lien avec ses deux parents ou être protégé du conflit de séparation ?

Contribution : Cette démarche peut certainement inspirer les chercheurs occidentaux puisque l’évolution sociodémographique de la famille québécoise trouve écho dans l’ensemble du monde occidental (Roy et al., 2015), malgré des particularités qui lui sont propres (Baillargeon et Detellier, 2004).
Inbreeding depression in one of the last DFTD-free wild populations of Tasmanian devils
Authors: Gooley Rebecca M , Hogg Carolyn J , Fox Samantha , Pemberton David , Belov Katherine , Grueber Catherine E
Published: September 2019

Background. Vulnerable species experiencing inbreeding depression are prone to localised extinctions because of their reduced fitness. For Tasmanian devils, the rapid spread of devil facial tumour disease (DFTD) has led to population declines and fragmentation across the species’ range. Here we show that one of the few remaining DFTD-free populations of Tasmanian devils is experiencing inbreeding depression. Moreover, this population has experienced a significant reduction in reproductive success over recent years.

Methods. We used 32 microsatellite loci to examine changes in genetic diversity and inbreeding in the wild population at Woolnorth, alongside field data on breeding success from females to test for inbreeding depression.

Results. We found that maternal internal relatedness has a negative impact on litter sizes. The results of this study imply that this population has entered an extinction vortex and that to protect the population, genetic rescue may be required. This study provides conservation managers with useful information for managing wild devils and provides support for the “Wild Devil Recovery Program” which is currently augmenting small, isolated populations.