bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Revisiting the South African Marketing Index
Authors: Boshoff Christo , Du Plessis Alwyn P.
Published: August 2019

The high level of human involvement in marketing ensures that it is, and always will be, a dynamic business function. When the impact of accelerating technological developments is added, the dynamism often turns to volatility. The rapidly changing business environment necessitates regular consideration of the role of marketing in the business environment, both from an internal and external point of view. This study analyses marketing and marketing activities from a consumer perspective. It measures consumer attitudes towards the four P's and converts these scores to an overall 'attitude towards marketing' index. It also compares the results with a similar study conducted in 1990 (the 1990 study). The 1990 study reported a negative marketing index of -16.262. Older consumers in particular voiced their disapproval of marketing practices. Pricing was singled out as the most important bone of contention. The pricing and the pricing practices used by marketers were seen as often unfair and unreasonable. Advertising was also viewed rather sceptically. Retailing was the only marketing mix element to return a positive index. The results of this study show that the SA Marketing Index has declined from -16.262 in 1990 to -34.125 in 1993. The decline in the marketing index is primarily due to the considerable decline in the price index from -8.470 to -24.368, a slight decrease in the product index (from -2.719 to -9.939) and a marginal deterioration in the retailing index. The decline in the price index in particular was so severe that the improvement in the advertising index (from -6.434 to +0.606) had almost no influence on the marketing index. When the impact of demographic variables on attitudes were considered, Afrikaans-speaking consumers and those who are relatively well qualified academically, turned out to be particularly dissatisfied with marketing.
An international industry perspective of tourism to post-apartheid South Africa: Implications for marketing management
Authors: Bendixen Mike , Cranson Denis , Abratt Russell
Published: August 2019

South Africa is now a democratic state and is being accepted in the community of nations. It has been shown that tourism can make a significant contribution to the development of this country by providing employment, contributing to foreign exchange earnings and by increased economic activity. The aim of this study was to establish the current perceptions of foreign tourist-industry representatives regarding South Africa as a tourist destination. The perceptions of 81 international travel-industry representatives were examined. The results show that South African tourism reflects a multidimentional problem. These factors need to be addressed in order for South Africa to have a vibrant and sustainable tourism industry.
Market timing and unit trusts: Can you beat the market?
Authors: Firer Colin , Gray Paula , Sandler Merle , Ward Mike
Published: August 2019

The article reports the results of an investigation into the level of predictive accuracy required to benefit from a market-timing strategy using unit trusts as the investment medium. Three unit trusts within the same management company were used as the assets between which a market timer could switch his or her investment. Switching would depend on the timer's forecast of which of the three investments would produce the best returns in the forthcoming period. Remaining within the family of trusts managed by a single company kept the transaction costs to a minimum. Investments could be made in a general equity, a resources or an income unit trust. As attractive as the potential returns from market timing within a family of unit trusts might appear to be, the levels of predictive accuracy required to beat a buy-and-hold strategy with certainty were found to be extremely high (of the order of 80%). In addition, much of the benefit from timing depends on being in the highest yielding asset for a small, but specific number of periods. Therefore not only does one require a high level of predictive accuracy, but it is important to be correct in the key periods when most of the return above the buy-and-hold is earned.
A generic change model for the effective implementation of information systems
Authors: Jay K. E. , Smith D. C.
Published: August 2019

This article describes the need for an increased emphasis for change management and how it affects the information systems (IS) practitioner. Computer-based systems have become highly integrated into everyday business activities and the successful implementation of new information technology will depend upon not only the technical strength of the information system but, importantly, the effective management of organizational change. Organizational change issues are identified as planning for change, ensuring appropriate change leadership, creating a readiness for change, managing resistance to change, managing the transition, implementing and evaluating the change. A conceptual change model is derived for use in a systems development environment. This model proposes four main phases: orientation, preparation, implementation and support. Specific activities and deliverables are detailed for each segment. The proposed change model is matched to the Systems Development Life Cycle, showing where change management tasks could be incorporated into an overall project workplan.
Seasonal and public holiday effects in the commercial rand/dollar exchange rate during the period 1984-1995
Authors: Greshnev D. N. , Smit E. V.D.M.
Published: August 2019

The aim of the research is to extend the existing research into seasonalities in financial markets to the South African foreign exchange market to determine whether any of the known seasonal patterns are present in daily changes in the commercial S.A. rand/U.S. dollar exchange rate over the 11-year period, 1984 to 1995. Only statistically significant seasonal patterns in findings in the exchange rate changes for January versus other non-turn-of-the-month days effect are demonstrated. Contrary to the findings for the the mean daily changes, the volatility of the exchange rate demonstrates persistent and statistically significant seasonal anomalies for nearly all of the examined seasonal effects. A number of popular theories offering explanation of the seasonal regularities in the financial markets are offered as possible explanations for the findings.
An evaluation of the relevance of the Miles & Snow strategic typology under present-day conditions of major environmental uncertainty: The emperor's new clothes or a paradigm shift?
Authors: Oosthuizen H.
Published: August 2019

The traditional approach to strategic management is an essentially rational approach. Present-day realities, however, are characterized by great uncertainty in the environment ('chaos'), making it difficult to achieve relatively stable strategic fit or organizational alignment in the longer term. The dilemma is one of a new paradigm or, will a more contemporary approach within the traditional framework suffice? The Miles and Snow strategic typology represents a case in point for the traditional approach. A comprehensive literature analysis of this approach suggests that the originally postulated framework still applies, even given today's change and uncertainty in the external environment. An empirical analysis of an integrated, and somewhat extended model of Miles and Snow was applied to the South African situation. It confirmed the Miles and Snow requirement for internal consistency but findings with regard to external fit proved inconclusive. South African organizations were found to have an internal and thus short-term focus, making them extremely vulnerable to global competition. The article concludes that strategy today should perhaps better be seen as an extention or redirection of conventional strategy into the realm of a more dynamic, flexible and adaptive approach to strategy, rather than as a total paradigm shift.
Risk estimation for shares on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange using transfer function modeling
Authors: Craig Ian K. , Bendixen Mike T.
Published: August 2019

This study investigates whether the estimation of the systematic risk component or the beta of shares on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange (JSE) can be improved using transfer function or MARIMA modeling. Two propositions are tested. Transfer function modeling will result in estimates of systematic risk which are different from those obtained using conventional OLS regression methods. Transfer function models will provide forecasting results which are better than those provided by betas estimated in the conventional way. Proposition I cannot be tested using conventional inferential tests as the standard errors of estimate of the betas estimated from MARIMA modeling cannot, in general, be measured. It is found however that 16.9% of the MARIMA beta estimates fall outside the 95% confidence intervals of the respective OLS regression beta estimates. Similar results are obtained when the OLS regression betas are compared to the University of Cape Town (UCT) Financial Risk Service and BFA-NET beta estimates. Proposition 2 can in general not be supported as the MARIMA and OLS regression forecasts are found not to be statistically significantly different. Cross correlations between index and share returns are in many cases found not to be statistically significant. In such cases one is probably better off using OLS regression. Resulting beta estimates should be used with caution.
Diversity management in a sample of South African companies
Authors: Strydom Jacques B. , Erwee Ronel
Published: August 2019

An interview schedule was used to test the applicability of the Cox model of diversity management in a sample of South African companies. Even though this sample acknowledges the potential advantages of diversity, they do not yet experience a pressing need to optimise diversity in their workforce. This sample can be classified mainly as monolithic companies, although some evidence emerged that specific companies are developing a plural orientation. The applicability of an American model in a South African setting is discussed.
From fragmentation to fragile unity: Organizational fault-lines in South African business
Authors: Nattrass Nicoli
Published: August 2019

This article explores the nature and history of organized business in South Africa. It describes the major racial, sectoral and other fault-lines which fracture the business community, and indicates that many of these are the legacy of apartheid. It points out that the relationship between business and the state was ambiguous, varied between the economic sectors, and changed radically over time. The latter sections of the article discuss the role of business in South Africa's transition (and the collective action problems which were experienced), and charts the developments which lead up to the creation of the mega federation Business South Africa (BSA). It is argued that BSA represents an important, yet fragile, step towards unity.
Nonparametric tests of strike price and expiration bias in the implied volatility of the South African All Share Index Future Contract
Authors: Wandmacher Ralf , Bradfield David J.
Published: August 2019

In this article we assess the appropriateness of the constant volatility assumption required by the Black (1976) option pricing model for options on the All Share Index future. The assessment uses similar nonparametric tests as implemented in Rubinstein for data recorded over the 1992 to 1996 period. In the nonparametric tests we focus on the examination of constant volatility across both striking prices as well as expiration dates. The nonparametric tests are not only based on traditional measures of statistical significance to examine the constant volatility assumption, but also utilize a measure of economic importance to assess the practical usefulness of the results. Our empirical results of both measures suggest that the assumption of constant volatility is inappropriate for options on the All Share Index future. Our results point to a pattern of rising volatility with increasing time to expiration and a higher volatility for out-of-the-money options compared to at-the-money options. This evidence is consistent with evidence in international markets found in the USA and the Netherlands.
The persistence of unit trust performance for the period July 1985-June 1995
Authors: Meyer Margaret C.
Published: August 2019

The purpose of this study was to determine whether any persistence of performance existed in the unit trust industry in South Africa over the ten-year period from July 1985 to June 1995. Calculations were done over different time periods (one-, two- and four-year periods) and using different definitions of superior performance (positive Jensen alphas or winner/loser phenomena). Results of nominal returns and risk-adjusted returns were also compared. Results obtained show that persistence in performance does exist, but that it is more of a 'loser' phenomenon than a 'winner' phenomenon.
Central ethical considerations for masters and doctoral research in business and management studies
Authors: Remenyi Dan
Published: August 2019

The subject of ethics is important in university research for a number of reasons. All masters or doctorate candidates need to be familiar with the issues involved in order to avoid any problems or criticisms of their work. This article addresses a wide range of issues including what should be researched, how the research should be conducted, how evidence should be collected and processed and how the finding should be treated. Issues related to plagiarism, thief of ideas, measuring instruments and choice of samples are also discussed. Finally the question of how much work may actually be done by others is also addressed.
Values, optimum stimulation levels and brand loyalty: New scales in new populations
Authors: Burgess Steven M. , Harris Mari
Published: August 2019

The optimum stimulation level (OSL) and value priorities of 3 493 South Africans were measured in the first administration of Steenkamp and Baumgartner's new shortened Change Seeker Index (CSl) and Schwartz' new Portraits Questionnaire (PQ) in a nationally-representative developing nation sample. Both instruments performed well in a demanding cross-cultural test as part of a syndicated research study. The results indicate that high and low OSL consumers exhibit value differences consistent with Schwartz' theory about the content and structure of values suggesting that the shortened CSI may be tapping value differences. The predicted sinusoid pattern between value priorities and OSL also emerged. The association between values and brand loyalty exhibited three general sinusoid patterns. Comparative sample partitions based on value priorities and OSLs suggest that values may be sensitive to a wider range of motivations that underlie differences in exploratory product acquisition, shopping behaviour and brand loyalty. The results suggest that value priorities and OSL are important influences on brand loyalty behaviour.
The role of kidney injury molecule-1 in predicting cardiorenal syndrome type 1 after diuretic treatment
Authors: Atici Adem , Emet Samim , Toprak Ilkim Deniz , Cakmak Ramazan , Akarsu Murat , Tukek Tufan
Published: August 2019

Introduction

Cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) is defined as acute or chronic dysfunction in the heart and kidney due to important interactions between the heart and kidney disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate prediction of CRS type 1 by measuring kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) and to establish early diagnosis of acute kidney injury (AKI).

Material and methods

During 2015–2016, 146 patients who were admitted to the emergency service with acute decompensated HF were included in the study. We investigated urinary KIM-1 levels in 146 consecutive patients with decompensated heart failure before and after diuretic treatment. Statistical analyses were performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS – version 21.0)/Windows Statistical Software. P-values less than < 0.05 were considered significant.

Results

There was a moderate negative correlation between the percentage change of creatinine values and the percentage change of KIM-1 values (r = –0.357, p = 0.016). There was no statistically significant relationship between KIM-1 and the development of CRS type 1 (p = 0.011).

Conclusions

No statistically significant relationship was observed between KIM-1 levels and the development of CRS type 1. In addition, there was no correlation between mortality in patients and KIM-1 values. It is thought that KIM-1 is not a potential prognostic indicator because renal tubular damage is only one of many factors in the pathophysiology of CRS type 1 and heart failure.
Long non-coding RNA CCAT2 regulates proliferation, drug sensitivity and metastasis of ovarian cancer
Authors: Li Wei , Han Xiao , Pan Yuan , Lan Yao , Ning Jun , Zhao Yunhe , Zhang Liqun
Published: August 2019

Introduction

Reports suggest that lncRNAs have implications in the development of several diseases including cancer. It is therefore believed that lncRNAs may act as therapeutic targets for cancer treatment. The treatment of ovarian cancer is mainly obstructed by lack of biomarkers and efficient drug targets. Against this backdrop, this study was undertaken to reveal the role and therapeutic implications of lncRNA CCAT2 in ovarian cancer.

Material and methods

Expression analysis was carried out with quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Transfections were carried out using Lipofectamine 2000 reagent. Cell counting kit 8 (CCK-8) assays were used to determine the cell viability. AO/EB and annexin V/propidium iodide (PI) were used for detection of apoptosis. Wound healing and transwell assays were used to determine cell migration and invasion. The expression of the proteins was estimated by western blotting.

Results

The results showed that the expression of CCAT2 was significantly overexpressed in ovarian cancer tissues and cell lines. Si-RNA mediated silencing of CCAT2 resulted in the decrease of proliferation rate and colony formation potential of the OVACAR-3 cells via induction of apoptotic cell death, which was also accompanied by cleavage of PARP, downregulation of Bcl-2 and upregulation of Bax, caspase-3 and caspase-9. Suppression of CCAT2 enhanced the chemosensitivity of the OVACAR-3 cells to cisplatin and also decreased their migration and invasion.

Conclusions

The findings of this study revealed that lncRNA CCAT2 suppression inhibits the proliferation, drug sensitivity, and metastasis of ovarian cancer and may prove beneficial in ovarian cancer management.
Vildagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, attenuated endothelial dysfunction through miRNAs in diabetic rats
Authors: Zhang Qian , Xiao Xinhua , Zheng Jia , Li Ming , Yu Miao , Ping Fan , Wang Tong , Wang Xiaojing
Published: August 2019

Introduction

Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors have various cellular effects that are associated with vascular protection. Here, we examined whether vildagliptin protected endothelial function in diabetic rats and explored the involved mechanism.

Material and methods

Experimental diabetic rats were obtained by feeding a high-fat diet and administering an intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. Rats were randomly divided into four groups: controls (CON), diabetes (DM), diabetes + low dose of vildagliptin (Lvil, 10 mg/kg/day), and diabetes + high dose of vildagliptin (Hvil, 20 mg/kg/day). The metabolic parameters, endothelial function, and whole miRNA expression were measured.

Results

After a 12-week treatment, vildagliptin-treated rats showed a significant reduction in blood glucose and blood lipid levels. Moreover, vildagliptin recovered aortic endothelial function in diabetic rats. We identified 31 miRNAs that were differentially expressed in the Hvil group compared with the diabetic group. Importantly, through miRNA target biological function and pathway analysis, we found that vildagliptin activated miR-190-5p to inhibit Ccl2 expression and inhibited miR-134-5p and miR-375-3p to increase Bdnf and Pdk1 expression in the aorta.

Conclusions

Our present study indicates that vildagliptin can recover endothelial function in diabetic rats. Anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptosis mechanisms and endothelial moderation may be the intervention targets of vildagliptin to protect the cardiovascular system through miRNA regulation.
Effects of experimental colitis in rats on incretin levels, inflammatory markers, and enteric neuronal function
Authors: Derosa Giuseppe , Maffioli Pamela , D’Angelo Angela , Cipolla Giovanna , Moro Elisabetta , Crema Francesca
Published: August 2019

Introduction

The aim of the study was to assess the effects of chronic inflammation on incretin levels, inflammatory markers, and enteric neuronal function measured in isolated preparations of smooth muscle of rat.

Material and methods

We induced experimental colitis using 2,4-dinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (DNBS) in 17 Albino male Sprague-Dawley rats, while 16 rats were used as a control. They were housed in temperature-controlled rooms in a 12-h light/dark cycle at 22–24°C and 50 to 60% humidity. We evaluated in both inflamed and healthy rats: fasting plasma glucose concentration, fasting plasma insulin, myeloperoxidase, active glu-cose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP), glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), and GLP-2 levels, adiponectin, and C-reactive protein (CRP). We also evaluated colonic longitudinal smooth muscle contractile activity.

Results

Intrarectal administration of DNBS reduced body weight gain in inflamed rats. We recorded higher levels of fasting plasma glucose, and insulin in inflamed rats. We observed higher levels of myeloperoxidase and CRP, and lower levels of ADN in inflamed rats. We recorded higher levels of GIP, GLP-1, and GLP-2 in inflamed rats compared to the healthy ones. Regarding functional response of colon intestinal smooth muscle after electrical stimulation, we recorded a lower functional response of colon intestinal smooth muscle after electrical stimulation in inflamed rats.

Conclusions

We can conclude that chronic inflammation leads to an increase of incretin levels and to a decrease of functional response of colon intes-tinal smooth muscle after electrical stimulation.
Haemoglobin switching modulator SNPs rs5006884
is associated with increased HbA2
in β-thalassaemia
carriers
Authors: Cyrus Cyril , Vatte Chittibabu , Chathoth Shahanas , Sayed Abdul Azeez , Borgio J. Francis , Alrubaish Mohammed Abdullah , Alfalah Rawan , Alsaikhan Jana , Ali Amein K. Al
Published: August 2019

Introduction

Haemoglobin A2 (HbA2), the tetramer of α- and δ-globin chains, is used as a diagnostic biomarker for β-thalassaemia carriers. The HbA2 levels are regulated by the presence of HPFH, δ-thalassaemia, HbA1/2 gene triplication, and variants of KLF1, β-globin gene, and HbF regulating QTLs. Saudi Arabia has a high incidence of borderline HbA2 levels, thereby making it difficult to classify the haemoglobinopathies. This study aims to investigate the association of known HbF enhancer QTL gene SNPs with HbA2 levels

Material and methods

14 Specific SNPs in BCL11A, HMIP, OR51B6, HBBP1, and HBG2 loci were genotyped in 164 Saudi β-thalassaemia carriers by TaqMan assay to validate their role as regulators of HbA2 levels. HbA2 levels were determined using the Variant II β-Thalassemia Short Program Recorder kit. The non-random association of these SNPs was tested using HaploView software. Protein inter-action was assessed using 3D structure modelling for OR51B6 (rs5006884), comparative energy minimisation, and root-mean-square deviation (RMSD) prediction.

Results

Elevated HbA2 levels were associated with SNPs in HBBP1, OR51B6, and TCT haplotype from HBG2 promoter region. The bioinformatics modelling and prediction revealed that the exonic rs5006884 had RMSD value deviations and significantly varied binding energy minimisation. α-globin variations were found in 57.92% of individuals but were not associated with elevated HbA2.

Conclusions

The haemoglobin switching modulators rs2071348, rs7482144, and rs5006884 are involved in regulation of HbA2 level with rs5006884 influencing the tetramer formation. Screening for haemoglobinopathies should take these SNPs into consideration, specif-ically in borderline HbA2 cases. Assiduous analysis of rs5006884 as HbA2 modulator for amelioration of disease severity is recommended.
Does a high-fat diet-induced obesity model brown adipose tissue thermogenesis? A systematic review
Authors: Perez Gabriela S. , Cordeiro Gabriele D.S. , Santos Lucimeire S. , Espírito-Santo Djane D.A. , Boaventura Gilson T. , Barreto-Medeiros Jairza M.
Published: August 2019

Introduction

In this systematic review, we analysed studies that assessed the brown adipose tissue (BAT) activity in the high-fat/cafeteria diet model of obesity in rats.

Material and methods

Scopus, PubMed, Embase, and ScienceDirect databases were searched from January 2017 to November 2017. Using specific combinations of medical subject heading (MeSH) descriptors, seven papers remained after the inclusion and exclusion criteria.

Results

Most papers showed an increase in BAT thermogenesis in rodents fed high-fat/cafeteria diet. Some studies did not mention the diet composition or housing temperature, and the most of them investigated the thermogenesis superficially, being limited to the analysis of the UCP 1 expression.

Conclusions

Despite the consolidated use of high-fat/cafeteria diets as a model to induce obesity, the identification of the energy expenditure arm has been slow, especially the direct quantitative assessment of the contribution of BAT to the increase in metabolic rate in rats fed a cafeteria/high-fat diet.
Circ-RHOJ.1 regulated myocardial cell proliferation
and apoptosis via targeting the miR-124-3p/NRG-1 axis
in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury
Authors: Liu Yan , Ke Xiao , Guo Wenyu , Wang Xiaoqing , Peng Changnong , Liao Zhiyong , Liu Qiang , Zhou Yingling
Published: August 2019

Introduction

Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is a leading cause of cardiac dysfunction. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are involved in the pathogenesis of myocardial I/R injury. However, the functions and underlying mechanisms are unclear. The present study determined the role of circ-RHOJ.1 in regulating myocardial cell proliferation and apoptosis after I/R injury.

Material and methods

Myocardial cells isolated from Sprague-Dawley rats were identified with an immunofluorescence assay using cardiac troponin T antibody. Expression of circ-RHOJ.1, miR-124-3p and neuregulin-1 (NRG1) mRNA was assessed with real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. NRG1 protein expression was evaluated with western blot and immunofluorescence assays. Dual-luciferase reporter assay was performed to confirm interaction between miR-124-3p and circ-RHOJ.1, and miR-124-3p and NRG1. Effects of circ-RHOJ.1 overexpression or miR-124-3p inhibition on cell proliferation and apoptosis were evaluated using cell counting kit (CCK)-8 assay and flow cytometry. Cytokines levels were analyzed with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Results

Myocardial cells were successfully isolated and had down-regulated expression of circ-RHOJ.1 and NRG1, and up-regulated expression of miR-124-3p after I/R injury. circ-RHOJ.1 acted as a sponge for miR-124-3p, and NRG1 served as a target gene of miR-124-3p. circ-RHOJ.1 overexpression or miR-124-3p inhibition increased interleukin (IL)-10 levels and reduced IL-2, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-a levels in myocardial cells after I/R injury. Functional assay results illustrated that circ-RHOJ.1 overexpression or miR-124-3p inhibition enhanced proliferation and inhibited apoptosis of myocardial cells after I/R injury.

Conclusions

Circ-RHOJ.1 served as a molecular marker of myocardial I/R injury via regulation of miR-124-3p and NRG1 expression.
Effects of pre-event massage on anxiety among Nigeria national team football players: a pilot study
Authors: Kayode Shuiabu Abdulsalam , Bello Bashir
Published: August 2019

Purpose

The purpose of the study was to examine the effect of pre-event massage on anxiety among Nigeria national team football players during the World Cup matches. As secondary outcomes, the effects of massage on blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) were analysed.

Methods

Overall, 17 World Cup players had massage both less and more than 24 hours prior to matches. Holey and Cook massage protocol was used. The Mental Readiness Form version 3 (MRF-3) was applied to assess anxiety level while an electronic BP monitoring kit served to monitor BP and HR before and after massage. Inferential statistic of paired t-test was carried out for the effect of massage on BP and HR.

Results

The result of the study showed a significant difference in anxiety after massage with p < 0.05 at periods less and more than 24 hours before the matches. There was also a significant difference between the pre- and post-massage BP and HR at a period less and more than 24 hours before the matches (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

Pre-event massage before World Cup matches reduced anxiety among Nigeria national team football players.
Concurrent validity of the five-minute pyramid test for VO2max estimation in healthy young adults
Authors: Ronan Jacob T. , Shafer Alex B.
Published: August 2019

Purpose

Maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) is an important physiological parameter related to sports performance and chronic disease risk. Many field tests have been developed to estimate VO2max at reduced cost, time, and energy demands compared with laboratory measurement. The purpose of this investigation is to assess the concurrent validity of the 5-minute pyramid test (5MPT).

Methods

Overall, 14 young (21.1 ± 2.1 years) adult male (n = 7) and female (n = 7) participants completed 5MPT for VO2max estimation, and a criterion measurement of VO2max by using indirect calorimetry with the Bruce treadmill protocol.

Results

A strong positive correlation (r = 0.86, p < 0.0001) was observed between the estimated and measured VO2max for the entire sample. The group mean VO2max of 5MPT (3.08 ± 0.84 l ∙ min–1) was significantly lower (p < 0.001, Cohen’s d = 0.65) than the measured value of the Bruce protocol (3.68 ± 0.99 l ∙ min–1). This difference was also observed when analysing VO2max in ml ∙ kg–1 ∙ min–1 (37.87 ± 5.43 ml ∙ kg–1 ∙ min–1 vs. 46.76 ± 9.23 ml ∙ kg–1 ∙ min–1, p < 0.001, Cohen’s d = 1.17), indicating a tendency to underestimate VO2max.

Conclusions

5MPT was designed to estimate VO2max with a submaximal, field-test approach. It may underestimate VO2max when compared with treadmill derived maximal values in healthy young adults. Additional investigations are warranted to further test the validity and reliability of 5MPT in a variety of populations.
Aerobic power, anaerobic power, and vertical jumping ability over an entire competitive period in young elite male handball players
Authors: Manou Vasiliki , Aguilera Jose Francisco Tornero , Dalamitros Athanasios A.
Published: August 2019

Purpose

The purpose of the study was to examine the in-season variations in aerobic power, anaerobic power, and vertical jumping ability in young elite handball players in a laboratory setting.

Methods

The study involved 13 athletes (age: 19.9 ± 0.7 years, body mass: 90.0 ± 12.1 kg, height: 186.3 ± 6.3 cm, body fat percentage: 13.7 ± 4.8%), all members of the young national handball team. Maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), Wingate Anaerobic Test (WAnT) performance (peak power [PP], mean power [MP], fatigue index [FI]), and vertical jumping ability(countermovement jump [CMJ]) were assessed on 3 occasions during the competitive period (beginning [T1], middle [T2], end [T3]).

Results

Only slight and not significant changes were observed throughout the tested period for VO2max (T1 = 52.04 ± 4.30; T2 = 49.31 ± 3.96; T3 = 51.68 ± 5.38 ml ∙ kg–1; T1 to T3: –0.24 ± 5.83%, p > 0.05) and CMJ values (T1 = 46.99 ± 7.98; T2 = 46.57 ± 5.87; T3 = 48.15 ± 6.58 cm; T1 to T3: –3.26 ± 6.88%, p > 0.05). Similarly, all parameters evaluated during the
WAnT showed small variations (PP: T1 to T3: 1.11 ± 5.67%; MP: T1 to T3: –0.04 ± 4.34%; FI: T1 to T3: 3.43 ± 9.20%; p > 0.05).

Conclusions

The indices of aerobic power, anaerobic power, and vertical jumping ability remained relatively constant among the tested group of young elite athletes throughout the handball competitive period.
Translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the Polish Central Sensitization Inventory
Authors: Turczyn Paweł , Kosińska Barbara , Janikowska-Hołoweńko Dorota , Malec-Milewska Małgorzata , Marszalec Natalia , Maleszka Piotr , Tarnacka Beata
Published: August 2019

Objectives

The Central Sensitization Inventory (CSI) is a new, simple clinimetric instrument intended to help doctors who deal with pain of unclear origin. It may be particularly useful when there is a large component of neuropathic pain and to assess non-specific symptoms associated with the phenomenon of central sensitization known under the common name of the central sensitization syndrome. The aim of this study is to perform translation of the CSI into Polish, its cultural adaptation and its preparation for further validation. The proposed adaptation of the scale may be applied both at the clinical level and at the level of primary care.

Material and methods

The CSI translation process took place in several stages. Firstly, the text of the questionnaire was translated from English to Polish by five independent translators. Secondly, the optimal version of the text was determined and, at the third stage, it was submitted to a linguist in order to assess it in the context of the idiomatic and semantic clarity. Thirdly, the translation was passed on to a native speaker who verified the congruence of the Polish translation with its original version. At a later stage, the effect of translating the scale and its usefulness were discussed by a group of experts in order to adapt a cultural tool. The final step was to provide it to be completed and evaluated by twenty anonymous patients with the aim of pre-assessing the level of its understanding.

Results

The final result of the undertaken activities is the Polish version of the CSI ready for validation.

Conclusions

After the multistage preparation and thorough verification of the Polish questionnaire at conceptual, empirical, semantic and idiomatic levels, necessary due to numerous cultural and linguistic differences, the Polish translation of the CSI seems to be a product ready for further validation and introduction to clinical practice.
Impact of resolution and air temperature on Large Eddy Simulation of mid-latitude summer time convection
Authors: Moseley Christopher , Pscheidt Ieda , Cioni Guido , Heinze Rieke
Published: August 2019

Abstract. We analyze life cycles of summer time moist convection of a Large Eddy Simulation (LES) in a limited area setup over Germany. The goal is to assess the ability of the model to represent convective organization in space and time in comparison to radar data, and its sensitivity to daily mean surface air temperature. A continuous period of 36 days in May and June 2016, showing a considerable amount of convective rainfall which covers large parts of the domain on most of the days, is simulated with a grid spacing of 625 m. Using convective organization indices, and a tracking algorithm for convective precipitation events, we find that an LES with 625 m grid spacing tends to underestimate the degree of convective organization, and shows a weaker sensitivity of heavy convective rainfall to temperature as suggested by the radar data. An analysis of three days within this period that are simulated with finer grid spacing of 312 m and 156 m showed, that a grid spacing at the 100 m scale has the potential to improve the simulated diurnal cycles of convection, the mean time evolution of single convective events, and the degree of convective organization.
Impact data bases application for natural and technological risk management
Authors: Frolova Nina I. , Larionov Valery I. , Bonnin Jean , Suchshev Sergey P. , Ugarov Alexander , Malaeva Nataliya
Published: August 2019

Abstract. Impact databases development and application for risk analysis and management promotes the usage of self-learning computer systems with elements of artificial intelligence. Such systems learning could be successful when the databases store the complete information about each event, parameters of the simulation models, the range of its application and residual errors. Each new description included in the database could increase the reliability of the results obtained with application of simulation models. The calibration of mathematical models is the first step to self-learning of automated systems. The article describes the events' database structure, and examples of calibrated computer models as applied to the impact of expected emergencies and risk indicators assessment. Examples of database statistics usage in order to rank the subjects of the Russian Federation by the frequency of emergencies of different character, as well as risk indicators are given.
Fault-controlled dolomitization in the Montagna dei Fiori Anticline (Central Apennines, Italy): record of a dominantly pre-orogenic fluid migration
Authors: Mozafari Mahtab , Swennen Rudy , Balsamo Fabrizio , El Desouky Hamdy , Storti Fabrizio , Taberner Conxita
Published: August 2019

Abstract. The Lower Jurassic platform and basinal deposits exposed in the
Montagna dei Fiori Anticline (Central Apennines, Italy) are pervasively
affected by dolomitization. Based on the integration of field work,
petrography, and geochemistry, two fault-related dolomitization events were
recognized and interpreted as having occurred before and during the
Apenninic orogeny. Fluid inclusion analysis indicates moderate
to elevated salinity values of 3.5 to 20.5 and 12.8 to 18.6 eq. wt % NaCl in the first and the second event, respectively. The estimated
salinities, in combination with δ18O values and 87Sr∕86Sr ratios,
suggest significant involvement of evaporitic fluids in both events, most
likely derived from the underlying Upper Triassic Burano Formation. In
addition, the 87Sr∕86Sr ratios up to 0.70963 suggest the circulation of
deep-sourced fluids that interacted with siliciclastic rocks and/or the
crystalline basement during the dolomitization events. Two major dolomite types (D1 and D2) were recognized as pertaining to the
first event, both postdated by high-amplitude bed-parallel stylolites,
supporting a syn-burial pre-layer-parallel shortening dolomitization. A
possible geodynamic framework for this dolomitization event is Early Jurassic to Late
Jurassic rift-related extensional tectonism. The second dolomitization event
(D3, D4, and D5) is characterized by a temperature upturn (up to
105 ∘C) and interpreted as associated with the inflow of
hydrothermal fluids, possibly related to major changes in the permeability
architecture of faults during early- to syn-thrusting and folding activity.
Based on the timing of deformation in the Montagna dei Fiori Anticline, the
second dolomitization event likely occurred in Late Miocene to Pliocene
times. The findings regarding characteristics and timing of dolomitization
here illustrates the long-term controlling role of the evaporitic
detachments in the dolomitization process. This study shows that the Mg-rich
fluids that were most likely derived from evaporites may prime the
tectonically involved successions for repeated dolomitization, and hence the
formation of potential reservoirs during sequential tectonic modifications
(extensional vs. compressional).
Analysis of CSR Legislation in Indonesia: Mandate to Business
Authors: Zainal Rabin Ibnu
Published: August 2019

Indonesia was one of the first countries in the world to implement legislation mandating businesses to undertake Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). Different with other countries with their voluntary approach of CSR, the legislation makes CSR as a mandate to business in Indonesia. Through document analysis method, this study analyses six laws related to CSR in Indonesia to define the mandate of CSR legislation in order to understand the form of CSR should be practiced by companies operating in Indonesia. Indonesia as one of the developing countries may require sufficient fund for their local development. CSR may be seen as a source of fund for local development. Therefore, CSR legislation in the country provides mechanism for wealth or resource distribution of companies for local government to develop local communities.
The Effects of Efficiency, Design and Enjoyment on Single Platform E-payment
Authors: Lai PC
Published: August 2019

This paper summarizes an explorative study of the efficiency, design, and enjoyment that contribute to consumers’ adoption of an integrated single platform E-payment system. The problems of inefficiency, not attractive design and not enjoyable encourages us to study these factors. The empirical results from the quantitative analysis suggest that efficiency, design, enjoyment, perceived usefulness, as well as perceived ease of use, are significant factors that contribute to consumers’ intention to utilize the single platform E-payment. Marketing and Management personnel of the E-payment organizations will be able to utilize the study information for developing products and services that encourage the usage of single platform E-payment.
Encaminad@s al desarrollo humanista: Gestión sostenible de los recursos naturales. El Realejo, Chinandega.
Authors: Pérez Altamirano Silke
Published: August 2019

Los vínculos cada vez más estrechos y complejos entre la Madre Tierra y los sistemas económicos nos obligan a buscar y pensar alternativas a nuestros modos de vida, alternativas que sean sostenibles y que tengan como bases las capacidades humanas y medioambientales, que reconozca los límites y que inicialmente aproveche el actual sistema para encaminar el proceso de transformación hacia otras formas de vida. En este caso analizaremos el contexto socioeconómico de El Realejo municipio de Chinandega, que posee importantes recursos naturales como extensiones de tierra fértil, bosques de manglar y ríos de agua dulce, sin embargo su economía actual depende en gran medida de actividades extractivas como resultado de las dinámicas en la tenencia de la tierra que está en manos de empresas que mono cultivan maní o caña de azúcar y de otras que se dedican a la crianza de camarones, por otro lado existen otros factores como la carencia de alternativas económicas según los habitantes, en este panorama pensaremos las acciones y las instituciones necesarias para promover cambios hacia la gestión sostenible de los recursos naturales y la economía sostenible como primeros pasos hacia el desarrollo humanista. El método para realizar este análisis tuvo las bases en la etnografía, la observación directa e indirecta y la investigación documental en periodos no consecutivos en 2016, 2017 y 2019.
Building High-Quality Auction Fraud Dataset
Authors: Elshaar Sulaf , Sadaoui Samira
Published: August 2019

Given the magnitude of online auction transactions, it is difficult to safeguard consumers from dishonest sellers, such as shill bidders. To date, the application of Machine Learning Techniques (MLTs) to auction fraud has been limited, unlike their applications for combatting other types of fraud. Shill Bidding (SB) is a severe auction fraud, which is driven by modern-day technologies and clever scammers. The difficulty of identifying the behavior of sophisticated fraudsters and the unavailability of training datasets hinder the research on SB detection. In this study, we developed a high-quality SB dataset. To do so, first, we crawled and preprocessed a large number of commercial auctions and bidders’ history as well. We thoroughly preprocessed both datasets to make them usable for the computation of the SB metrics. Nevertheless, this operation requires a deep understanding of the behavior of auctions and bidders. Second, we introduced two new SB patterns and implemented other existing SB patterns. Finally, we removed outliers to improve the quality of training SB data.
Remarkable botanical remains from a new foundation deposit in the Hathor shrine of Tuthmosis III at Deir el-Bahari
Authors: Beaux Nathalie
Published: August 2019

Numerous botanical remains have been found in a recently discovered foundation deposit of Tuthmosis III, in his Hathor shrine at Deir el-Bahari. Identification of 12 plants (cereals, fruits, branches and leaves) is proposed and the exceptional diversity of such finds is considered in relation to the known botanical finds from foundation deposits prior to Tuthmosis III.
Structure and mechanical properties of nanocrystalline Ni/Cu multilayer coatings produced by the electrocrystallization method
Authors: Cieślak Grzegorz , Trzaska Maria , Betiuk Marek
Published: August 2019

The paper presents the results of studies on the structure and mechanical properties of nanocrystalline multilayer Ni/Cu coatings. and for comparative purposes, also of nanocrystalline Ni and Cu coatings deposited by the electrocrystallization method. The structure of the produced coatings was characterized by the X-ray diffraction method and scanning electron microscopy. The tests of mechanical properties were carried out using the Depth Sensing Indentation (DSI) method. The curves of dependence of the loading force as a function of the penetration depth of the indenter of the tested coatings were determined. as well as the parameters characterizing the tested materials: indentation hardness (HIT), Martens hardness (HM), elastic modulus (EIT), elastic strain index (KH) and creep (CIT). The scratch test evaluated the adhesion of the material of coatings to the steel substrate as well as between the individual layers in multilayer coatings. Multilayer Ni/Cu coatings are characterized by, nanocrystalline structure, compact construction and uniform thickness over the entire covered surface. The materials of the tested coatings differ significantly in the course of plastic deformation and elastic deformation. The thickness of the layers in multilayer Ni/Cu coatings affects their mechanical properties.
THE OMBUDSMAN INSTITUTION IN TURKMENISTAN
Authors: Pogłódek Andrzej
Published: August 2019

This article reviews existing Turkmenistan legislation about the legal status of Ombudsman. The analysis of normative-legal acts, which laid the legislative framework of legal regulation of the legal status of Ombudsman as an element of the state national policy to protection of fundamental rights in the Turkmenistan. This issue was analyzed based on the systematic, comparative and legal approaches. Indicated good solutions, as well as flaws in legal mechanism of serving interest of protection of fundamental rights by the Ombudsman. And conclusions of the study the author state that there is a need of the improvement
of the Turkmenistan legal base of the Ombudsman.
Selected properties of Al composites derived from material recovery
Authors: Pietrzak Krystyna , Karwan-Baczewska Joanna , Makuch Anna , Majchrowska Magdalena , Franczak Aleksandra , Klasik Adam
Published: August 2019

Recyclable aluminum after machining was used to make composites using the SPS method. Due to the SPS method, it was possible to obtain the sinters practically without pores. Three types of composites Al + SiC and hybrid composites such as Al + (WC + 12Co) and Al + [SiC + (WC + 12 Co)] were produced. Their density, resistance to friction wear and surface topographic parameters have been determined. Based on the results, it has been shown that in the case of hybrid sinters, better tribological characteristics compared to composites reinforced with SIC particles only can be obtained. It was also shown that the friction coefficient primarily depends on the difference between the hardness of the pin and the disc. The greater difference in hardness causes the values of the friction coefficient to be higher.