bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Geopolitički scenario Mare Liberum i Mare Clausum: otvoreno more i slučaj sredozemnog bazena
Authors: Sanguin Andre-Louis
Published: July 2017

Uobičajena pravila na morskim i oceanskim prostorima ustanovljena su u prošlosti u namjeri provedbe dvaju načela: otvorenosti mora (Mare Liberum, slobodno more), i unutarnje pripadnosti voda (Mare Clausum, zatvoreno more). Od 1945. do 1982., politička geografija mora, počela se baviti sve češćom pojavom zauzimanja otvorenog mora. Kao proizvod konvencije iz Montego Bay-a, u novo Pomorsko pravo ugrađeno je načelo zone od 200 milja. Forsiranjem ovog načela unutar Sredozemlja, njegov morski prostor bi se pretvorio u zonu bez otvorenih (slobodnih) voda. Danas se Sredozemlje suočava s narastajućom militarizacijom. Smije li Mare Nostrum postati Mare Clausum?
Prilozi
Authors: Radoš Denis , Lončar Nina , Blaće Ante , Graovac Matassi Vera , Mirošević Lena , Pejdo Ana
Published: July 2017

Prilozi
Zračni promet i turizam Primorske Hrvatske
Authors: Gašparović Slaven
Published: July 2017

Cilj je ovog rada analizirati i utvrditi utjecaj zračnog prometa na turizam Primorske Hrvatske pretežito uz korištenje podataka dobivenih iz zračnih luka i redova letenja. Tom se prilikom analiziraju podatci o broju putnika u zračnim lukama i zračnim pristaništima posljednjih godina te se stavljaju u korelaciju s brojem dolazaka turista i brojem ostvarenih noćenja. Tu se uočava međuovisnost broja prevezenih putnika i broja dolazaka turista, odnosno broja ostvarenih noćenja tijekom godine. Podatci se detaljnije razrađuju za godine 2008., 2009. i 2010., kada se broj putnika u zračnim lukama i zračnim pristaništima po mjesecima diferencira u četiri kategorije: putnici prevezeni konvencionalnim zračnim prijevoznicima, low-cost zračnim prijevoznicima, čarterima i generalnim zrakoplovstvom. Osim toga, na osnovi podataka o ostvarenim vezama između europskih i zračnih luka Primorske Hrvatske, definiraju se emitivna turistička tržišta. U radu se poseban naglasak stavlja na utvrđivanje značenja niskotarifnih zračnih prijevoznika u turizmu Primorske Hrvatske. Razlog tome je što niskotarifni zračni prijevoznici posljednjih godina čine sve značajniji segment cjelokupnoga zračnog prometa.
Koncept teritorijalnog ustroja Jadranske Hrvatske
Authors: Magaš Damir
Published: July 2017

U ovom članku autorovo polazište je što kvalitetniji i funkcionalniji teritorijalni ustroj Hrvatske, posebice njezina primorskog prostora. Jadranska Hrvatska, uz Istočnu (Panonsku) i Sjeverozapadnu Hrvatsku, jedna je od triju definiranih (budućih) euroregija NUTS II u Hrvatskoj. U današnjem teritorijalnom obuhvatu predložena je od Republike Hrvatske i 2007. godine prihvaćena od Eurostata. Obuhvaća sve primorske županije (7) Hrvatske, ukupne površine 26,7 tisuća km2 i 1,4 milijuna stanovnika (2011.). Rad razmatra moguću diferencijaciju ovoga strateškog litoralnog prostora Jadrana na tri funkcionalne (gravitacijske) regije trećeg reda (NUTS III), u skladu s kriterijima Vlade Republike Hrvatske za učinkovitu decentralizaciju i novu regionalizaciju Hrvatske. Naime, pojedine priobalne županije ne zadovoljavaju europski demografski kriterij za statističku NUTS III regiju (150 000 – 800 000 stanovnika), premda u cijelosti hrvatske županije prosječno zadovoljavaju taj kriterij. Stoga, primjenom demografskih, geografskih, gospodarskih, administrativnih i drugih kriterija, autor naglašava potrebu određivanja demografski u najvećoj mjeri usklađenih triju nodalno-funkcionalnih, odnosno gravitacijskih regija sa središtima u Rijeci, Zadru i Splitu. Tako bi u Jadranskoj Hrvatskoj riječka regija potencijalno obuhvatila Istru, Kvarner, i goranski prostor s 505 000 stanovnika (2011.), zadarska bi obuhvatila Sjevernu Dalmaciju i Liku s 330 000 stanovnika, a splitska bi obuhvatila Srednju Dalmaciju i Dubrovnik (Južna Dalmacija) s 578 000 stanovnika. Prostor Like se funkcionalno i gospodarski optimalno usmjerava na Zadar, s obzirom na nove procese povezivanja autocestom i brz noviji razvoj Zadra.
A development plan for the south-eastern part of Pag island with an emphasis on olive-growing
Authors: Koščak Miočić-Stošić Vesna , Žmire Ana , Šekutor Martina , Bunjak-Pajdek Ivana
Published: July 2017

Regardless of the fact that the traditional usage of rural landscapes was agricultural, a degradation of landscape values, as well as an onset of natural succession, occur due to contemporary lifestyle. This can lead to negative effects regarding land-use change. This paper focuses on the south-eastern part of Pag island and explores the possibilities for the revitalisation of its neglected areas by envisioning its future development as an olive-growing region. The final goal was to define a planning procedure framework which would enable the creation of a strategic vision to be transformed into a comprehensive spatial development strategy for the research area. This area encompasses the territory between Kaštela in the north-west and the Pag’s bridge in the south-east which administratively belongs to the Zadar County and includes the Town of Pag, and the Kolan and Povljana municipalities. Olive-growing has been recognized as the strategic choice for development because of its tradition in the area and the potential integration with other relatable activities. Based on the SWOT analysis, an appropriate mission, a vision and strategic goals were defined for developing Pag as an olive-growing region. Further landscape planning methods included (1) the Lynch mapping analysis, (2) the Forman and Godron landscape ecology analysis and (3) the landscape pattern analysis. The results were then used together with digital orthophoto imagery to overlay and analyse relevant information. Hand drawings as well as AutoCAD, ArcGIS and image editing computer programmes were used in the process. This analytical phase was then followed by the development of several alternative spatial zonings, diagrams and concepts based on a preferable neighbourhood matrix and the activity sizing table. The planning process resulted in a concept for spatial development of the research area which would enable the implementation of the strategic vision. The main goal of this planning procedure was to preserve and improve the rural landscape of Pag island.
The role of community supported agriculture in the development of organic agriculture in Croatia
Authors: Sarjanović Ivan
Published: July 2017

Community supported agriculture (CSA) refers to those agricultural activities that contrast with commercial agriculture. They consist of members who pay for fresh, untreated and locally grown food directly from farmers. In this way the risk is shared and the resellers are eliminated. This paper discusses the basic principles of CSA functioning and the historical circumstances of their development. Besides the economic dimension of the functioning of CSA groups, which is most important (ensuring of purchase), emphasis is also given to the social and cultural dimension of the groups activity. The basis of the work is the presentation of the functioning of CSA groups in Croatia and a comparison of social and economic characteristics of the group members and the farmers that collaborate to the groups with trends in the world. The results were collected by administering an online questionnaire among 46 group members and 5 famers. The survey has confirmed the starting hypothesis – that the group members are younger and highly educated persons who live in large cities or urbanized regions (Zagreb, Kvarner, Istria) and are driven by eco-social motives (ecological consciousness, healthy food, cooperation with group members). Farmers who cooperate with CSA groups are practicing ecological agriculture on farms that are smaller than an average Croatian farm. They collaborate with the groups because of easier selling of the products and they find that the groups have a positive effect on their income and involvement in the local community.
Izazovi suvremenoga kopnenog povezivanja Dubrovnika
Authors: Magaš Damir
Published: July 2017

Dubrovnik, kao važno geografsko i geoprometno središte Jadranske Hrvatske, jedno je od najpoznatijih suvremenih turističkih i kulturno-baštinskih čvorišta Sredozemlja i svijeta. Dubrovačko-neretvanska županija godišnje privlači oko milijun, razmjerno visokoplatežnih turista iz cijelog svijeta koji ostvare približno pet milijuna noćenja (oko 7% turističkog prometa Hrvatske). Geoprometni položaj, teritorijalna odvojenost "Neumskim koridorom" od ostalih dijelova Hrvatske, ukidanje željezničke veze 1976., kao i razmjerno velika udaljenost od regionalnih središta, uvjetovali su da se velikim dijelom suvremena prometna povezanost Dubrovnika odvija zračnim i pomorskim putem (redovite pruge, cruiseri i sl.). Kopneno cestovno povezivanje odvija se uglavnom prema ostalim dijelovima Hrvatske, a znatno manje prema susjednim zemljama Bosni i Hercegovini i Crnoj Gori. Sve veće potrebe suvremenoga cestovnog povezivanja traže novo i kvalitetnije rješenje u odnosu na sadašnje povezivanje starom Jadranskom turističkom cestom. Ponajprije se to odnosi na povećanje prohodnosti i brzine putovanja te izbjegavanje graničnih prijelaza, ali i na rješavanje prometne povezanosti poluotoka Pelješca i otoka Korčule (posredno i otoka Mljeta i Lastova). S tim u vezi se već započeta izgradnja mostovnog rješenja Klek – Pelješac u novije vrijeme pojavljuje kao odgovarajuće i kvalitetno rješenje suvremene cestovne (autocesta ili brza cesta) povezanosti Dubrovnika s europskim prostorom na zapadu i sjeveru, kao i s ostalim dijelovima Hrvatske.
Termohalinska svojstva morske vode u Paškom zaljevu i Velebitskom kanalu
Authors: Bićanić Zlatimir , Hell Zvonko , Jašić Dražen
Published: July 2017

On the basis of climatological data (from 1911 to 1989) the authors have made the analysis of thermohaline values, their annual and vertical distribution in the Pag Bay and Velebitski channel, and also the analysis of synoptic data obtained from two oceanographic measurements in June 1989. The results show usual and nontypical conditions in the thermohaline structure in the water column. Explanation of phenomena are presented.
Gradišćanski Hrvati u kotaru Güssing
Authors: Jelić Tomislav
Published: July 2017

This work deals with the status and changes of Croatian National Minority (Burgenland Croats or Gradiscan Croats) in the Güssing County of Burgenland Federal State in Austria from 1923 to 1991. About five centuries of continuos existence of Croats in this area is now endangered with the remarkable decrease of their absolute number as a consequence of assimilation and emigration. Therefore many Croatian settlements which have existed there for many years thanks to relative isolation, are easily loosing its Croatian identity.
Godišnji hod padalina u poriječju Sane
Authors: Orešić Danijel , Temimović Emir
Published: July 2017

The paper deals with the annual mean amounts, the intensity and the probability of precipitation in the drainage area of the river Sana (in the northwestern part of Bosnia and Herzegovina). Generally, the Sana drainage area is a humid region. Thus, the annual precipitation measured in most of the meteorological stations clearly shows two maximums – in November and in June. Almost every station included in the research shows a continental pluviometric pattern, while more significant maritime influence is shown in the stations positioned in the west, the southeast and the south of the researched area. The monthly fluctuations in precipitation are considerable. The precipitation are most likely to occur during summer and spring, while the annual intensity of precipitation in nine considered stations is 8.06 l/m2.
Različitosti u demografskom razvoju Imotskog i okolnih ruralnih naselja
Authors: Rimanić Ana , Glamuzina Martin , Šiljković Željka
Published: July 2017

Since 1991 the Town of Imotski has been a separate administrative unit with five rural setttlments (Vinjani Donji, Vinjani Gornji, Glavina Donja, Glavina Gornja and Medvidovića Draga) and one urban settlement (Imotski). By comparing demographic features of Imotski with previously mentioned rural settlements the authors came to the following conclusions: emigration, deruralisation and population decrease influenced all settlements, but are more evident in the rural settlements than in Imotski.
Osnovni geografski čimbenici suvremene preobrazbe Ilovika
Authors: Magaš Damir , Farčić Josip , Lončarić Robert
Published: July 2017

Ilovik Island (5.51 km2) along with adjacent Sv. Petar Islet (0.95 km2) are the most southern part of Cres-Lošinj archipelago, and due to their geographical position, they represent a bridge between the above-mentioned archipelago and northern islands of Zadar archipelago (Premuda, Silba, Olib, Škarda and Ist Islands). This paper was written as a result of several field researches and the analysis of different spatial data sources within the project titled Geographical Bases of the Development of Small Croatian Islands, and it presents basic natural and geographical features of Ilovik Island as well as possibilities for its future socio-economic development.
Značenje visokoškolskoga geografskog obrazovanja i metodička pripremljenost studenata za nastavnički rad
Authors: Brkić-Vejmelka Jadranka
Published: July 2017

This article treats the importance of education of the future geography teachers at the Department of Geography, University of Zadar. The main part deals with the students of the same division (all years) and refers to the choice of studies; attitudes of students towards their future job (teacher's job particulary) and how much they are content with the readyness for school. The second part of the survey (done with the final year students) deals with their attitudes about teacher's job after they have gone through the pedagogical group of subjects and student trainee period. The third one refers to the research carried out among the mentors who estimated the importance of some courses for the teacher's job and evaluated the students' work at school.
Jabuka Island in the notes of Adriatic Sea travelers from 14 th TO 17 th century - name and shape
Authors: Kužić Krešimir
Published: July 2017

By surface area Jabuka is one of the smallest islands in the Adriatic Sea. It was noted for the first time in nautical charts at the beginning of the 14 th century, and due to its recognizable shape mapped by almost all portolan and nautical chart makers. Its initial Venetian name was Mellisella, followed by Pomo. There are 34 different descriptions of Jabuka Island written by travelers during their voyages across the Adriatic Sea from 14 th to 17 th century analysed included in this paper. The most common of all the features attributed to the island were that it was high, peaked, and rocky. There were, however, more imaginative ones, like comparisons with Egyptian pyramids. The travelers also described the hunt for falcons that nested there, the accounts which they obtained from ship crew members. This paper also analyses the oldest known illustration of Jabuka Island made in 1684 by Dutchman de Bruijn, published in 1698.
Model geografskog istraživanja odnosa turizma i industrije na primjeru Pule
Authors: Vojnović Nikola
Published: July 2017

The research gives a proposal of a theoretical research model, and can be the basis of geographical research of the relation between tourism and industry as two opposite human activities and branches of economy. The accent is set on the consideration of their relation in major urban areas, which show a parallel development of tourism and industry of the Second Industrial Revolution, typical for Croatian coastline region. The proposal of the research scheme, from the analysis of the present structure and the quantity, harmony and disharmony of both branches, to the possibility of creating an industrial-tourism region are analyzed in the first part of the work, whereas the results of the initial research are presented in the second part.
The Nuclear and Mitochondrial Genomes of the Facultatively Eusocial Orchid BeeEuglossa dilemma
Authors: Brand Philipp , Saleh Nicholas , Pan Hailin , Li Cai , Kapheim Karen M , Ramírez Santiago R
Published: July 2017

Bees provide indispensable pollination services to both agricultural crops and wild plant populations, and several species of bees have become important models for the study of learning and memory, plant–insect interactions, and social behavior. Orchid bees (Apidae: Euglossini) are especially important to the fields of pollination ecology, evolution, and species conservation. Here we report the nuclear and mitochondrial genome sequences of the orchid bee Euglossa dilemma Bembé & Eltz. E. dilemma was selected because it is widely distributed, highly abundant, and it was recently naturalized in the southeastern United States. We provide a high-quality assembly of the 3.3 Gb genome, and an official gene set of 15,904 gene annotations. We find high conservation of gene synteny with the honey bee throughout 80 MY of divergence time. This genomic resource represents the first draft genome of the orchid bee genus Euglossa, and the first draft orchid bee mitochondrial genome, thus representing a valuable resource to the research community.
A Penalização da Miséria no Brasil: os adolescentes "em conflito com a lei" / The Penalization Through Misery in Brazil: adolescents "in conflict with the law"
Authors: Leal Denise Maria , Macedo João Paulo
Published: July 2017

A criminalização da questão social está intrinsecamente vinculada às estruturas sociais do capital. Responde, portanto, a interesses hegemônicos de desvinculação das estruturas capitalistas do processo de sua produção e reprodução. Este artigo analisa o processo social subjacente ao surgimento da questão social. Explica a naturalização da mesma como instrumento deste processo, que conduz à crescente criminalização da questão social dentro de um contexto de afastamento do Estado das demandas sociais. Trata, especificamente, da penalização da miséria no Brasil, com foco no adolescente “em conflito com a lei”. Esta análise permite evidenciar as estruturas sociais reprodutoras da ordem social hegemônica e aponta a radicalidade da sociabilidade capitalista, que na atualidade se mostra ainda mais perversa.
La Vigencia del Pensamiento de Ruy Mauro Marini y la Teoría de la Dependencia / The Currency of Ruy Mauro Marini’s Thinking and Dependency Theory
Authors: Valencia Adrián Sotelo
Published: July 2017

El pensamiento de Ruy Mauro Marini, en el marco del marxismo, sigue siendo vigente en el siglo XXI a causa de que las condiciones que el descubrió en torno a la dialéctica de la dependencia (superexplotación del trabajo, intercambio desigual, subimperialismo y Estado del Cuarto poder) se mantienen en el contorno de la economía capitalista mundial.
Impacts of community lay-leader health worker training and practice (Uttarakhand, India)
Authors: Butcher Nicole , Grills Nathan
Published: July 2017

This study investigated the impacts of the Community Lay-Leaders Health Training Certificate course on trainees and their communities in the state of Uttarakhand, North India. A suite of semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions were conducted among course stakeholders and graduates, respectively, and textual data was added to the data set. Thematic analysis of the results revealed four themes, including: (1) the effectiveness of course design and delivery, together with the key role of the coordinating facilitator; (2) the match between graduates’ practices, the providing institution’s objectives and general expectations of community health workers; (3) the strengthening of the health system through skills multiplication, collaboration with existing authorities, and advocacy for higher quality in professional practice; and (4) the need for ongoing support and training post-graduation. The findings are consistent with literature concerning community health workers’ roles and challenges, although some potentially unique outcomes were noted with respect to the pastoral support provided to trainees and the pro-active transfer of graduates’ knowledge and skills to fellow villagers.
Increasing the church’s relevance and impact in poor-resource areas by adding sexual reproductive health to missional activities
Authors: Docking Margaret Lynne
Published: July 2017

Life saving midwifery knowledge must reach the key influential stakeholders in developing countries if the maternal death rate is to be reduced. The church holds the influence and has the networks and training institutions that can be fully expanded to add sexual reproductive health into their existing studies.  This field report documents the author's own sad experiences with maternal deaths in Uganda which has led her toward promoting midwifery knowledge among the church leaders. We have neglected to fully respect culture by avoiding men in our discussions around sex pregnancy birth and family planning. The critical mass of men are our channels to save the mothers, reduce teenage pregnancies, abandoned babies and orphaned children. Christian leaders are the cultural gate keepers and builders of the faith.  Our basic training in sexual reproductive health allows men to debate the Bible, their faith, traditional practises and expectations in a safe non-threatening environment. They can then make their own wise decisions about family size. “Without knowledge our people perish.” (Hosea 4:6)  If we don’t urgently add the lifesaving knowledge of family planning and Gods wonderful design of our sexuality for true love union we cannot expect to reduce the maternal deaths and overwhelming poverty. Our command is to teach the whole truth because the truth will set us free. (John 8:32).
Family planning practice among Christian health service providers in Ghana: a case study
Authors: Duah James , Yeboah Peter
Published: July 2017

Introduction: The interphase of faith and practicing health professionally often presents a challenge. To navigate between the two requires tact, experience, and professionalism. Such is the case of the Christian Health Association of Ghana (CHAG).
Objective: This case report presents an overview of how the Christian Health Association has provided family planning services for marginalized communities in Ghana by Church denominations some of whose doctrines forbid them from practicing certain forms of family planning.
Background: CHAG is a network of 300 health facilities and health training institutions owned by 25 different Christian church denominations. CHAG provides health care to the vulnerable, deprived, and marginalized population groups in all 10 regions of Ghana. As an implementing partner of the Ministry of Health, CHAG is mandated to implement key policies to achieve national health outcomes, including family planning. Some members do not accept artificial family planning on the account of religious faith. This often presents a challenge in addressing the need to provide family planning services as required. This challenge is further complicated by the fact that the CHAG secretariat charged with protecting the interests of member institutions as well as those of the ministry.
Strategy: CHAG tailors the provision of family planning interventions to denominational, socio-cultural, and religious acceptability, and client needs.
Results: Over a period of three years, the proportion of family planning acceptors who are adolescents (10-19 years) increased from 13.7 percent to 17.0 percent, total family planning acceptors increased from 67,312 to 73,648 and total couple years of protection increased from 71,296 to 92,852. Male sterilization also increased, contrary to cultural beliefs. Importantly, CHAG as an implementing partner is able to satisfy its obligation of providing service to achieve national health goals.
Conclusion: Protecting the interests of Christian health institutions and those of government may conflict at some point. Being tactful and allowing work within the confines of faith and obligations helps in achieving desired results.
Social accountability and education revives health sub-centers in India and increases access to family planning services
Authors: Otchere Susan , Jacob Varghese , Toppo Abhishek Anurag , Massey Ashwin , Samson Sandeep
Published: July 2017

Background: Uttar Pradesh (UP) is the most populous state in India. The maternal mortality ratio, infant mortality rate, and fertility rates are all higher than the national average. Sixty percent of UP inhabitants live in rural communities. The reasons behind the poor state of health and services in many areas of UP are inadequate knowledge and availability in communities of healthy behaviors, and information on available government health services.
Methods: World Vision, Inc. implemented a three-and-half year mobilizing plan for maternal and neonatal health through a birth spacing and advocacy project (MOMENT), partnering with local organizations in rural Hardoi and urban slums of Lucknow districts in UP. World Vision used print, audio, visual media, and house-to-house contacts to educate communities on timing and spacing of pregnancies; and the benefits of seeking and using maternal and child health services (MCH) including immunization and family planning (FP).
This paper focuses on World Vision’s social accountability strategy – Citizen Voice and Action (CVA) and interface meetings – used in Hardoi that helped educate and empower Village Health Sanita­tion and Nutrition Committees (VHSNCs) and village leaders to access government untied funds to improve community social and health services.
Results: Forty VHSNCs were revived in 24 months. Nine local leaders accessed government untied funds. In addition, increased knowledge of the benefits of timing and spacing of pregnancies, maternal child health, family planning services, and access to community entitlements led the community to embrace and contribute their time to rebuild and re-open 17 non-functional Auxil­iary Nurse Midwife (ANM) sub-centers. Seventeen ANMs received refresher training to provide quality care. Sub-center data showed that 1,121 and 3,156 women opted for intra-uterine contra­ceptive device and oral pills, respectively, and 29,316 condoms were distributed.
Conclusion: In Hardoi, UP, education using CVA and interface meetings are contributing to an increase in the number of government sub-centers that integrate contraceptive services with other services such as immunization and antenatal care. This brings care closer and makes it more accessible to women and children, reducing travel time and cost to families who would have otherwise sought these services from higher level facilities. Social accountability can help mobilize communities to contribute to improving services that affect them.
Faith-Based Development: How Christian Organizations can make a difference by Bob Mitchell, Foreword by Bryant L Myers, Orbis Books, 2017
Authors: Pallant Dean H
Published: July 2017

Book review of Faith-Based Development: How Christian Organizations can make a difference, by Bob Mitchell, Foreword by Bryant L Myers, Orbis Books. 2017
Isolasi Senyawa Sitotoksik dari Kapang Emericella nidulans
Authors: Nursid Muhammad , Chasanah Ekowati , Murwantoko Murwantoko , Wahyuono Subagus
Published: July 2017

Kapang laut dikenal sebagai sumber penting metabolit farmakologi aktif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengisolasi senyawa sitotoksik dari kapang laut Emericella nidulansyang diisolasi dari ascidia Aplidium longithoraxdari Taman Nasional Laut Wakatobi, Sulawesi Tenggara. Kapang dikultivasi pada labu 3 L sebanyak 20 labu, masing-masing mengandung 1 L media SWS (mengandung 1% pati dapat larut, 0,2% pepton soya, dan 1 L air laut) dan diinkubasi dalam kondisi statis pada suhu 27–28oC selama 5 minggu. Miselium kapang diekstraksi dengan campuran pelarut diklorometan–metanol (1 :1 v/v) sebanyak 3 kali. Fraksinas i dilakukan dengan menggunakan kolom vakum SiO2 2 x 12 cm dan isolasi dilakukan dengan menggunakan kromatografi lapis tipis preparatif. Uji sitotoksik dengan metode MTT (3-(4,4-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide) terhadap pertumbuhan sel T47D, digunakan sebagai panduan dalam proses isolasi. Senyawa sitotoksik berhasil diisolasi dari ekstrak miselium, terelusi pada menit ke-15 pada kromatogram kromatografi cair kinerja tinggi. Senyawa ini memiliki aktivitas sitotoksik dengan nilai IC50 sebesar 6,3 µg/mL.
Abandoned Refugee Vehicles “In the Middle of Nowhere”
Authors: Seitsonen Oula Ilari , Herva Vesa-Pekka , Kunnari Mika
Published: July 2017

Vehicles abandoned by multinational refugees during the winter 2015–2016 in northern Finnish Lapland’s border checkpoints represent an offshoot of the ongoing global refugee crisis on the so-called “Arctic Route” to Europe via Russia. In the summer 2016 this material reminder of refugee mobility vanished almost totally, as the vehicles were auctioned in a show for promoting Lapland tourism. This photo-essay highlights and discusses some of the manifold aspects connected to this flow of refugees, including, for instance, the ethical concerns of trivializing refugee issues intertwined with a host of global larger-scale matters, or using their material heritage for stimulating recreational mobility in these marginalized northern regions.
A cobertura jornalística de catástrofes ambientais: entre a vigilância e a espetacularização da notícia
Authors: Bueno Wilson Costa
Published: July 2017

A cobertura jornalística das catástrofes ambientais tem oscilado entre a espetacularização da notícia e a vigilância cívica, buscando compatibilizar duas características comuns à prática da imprensa: atrair e sensibilizar a audiência com a divulgação abusiva  dos impactos da tragédia e analisar as suas causas, identificando, quando possível, os responsáveis pela sua ocorrência. Este artigo evidencia o caráter midiático das catástrofes ambientais e, a partir de um caso específico (o rompimento de uma barragem no Estado de Minas Gerais, no Brasil), relata o importante papel da imprensa no sentido de elucidar os fatos e punir os responsáveis.
Mthembu v Letsela: The non-decision
Authors: Van Rensburg AM Janse
Published: July 2017

The debate concerning the apparent conflict between equality (section 9 of the

Constitution of the Republic of South Africa 108 of 1996) and culture (sections 30 and 31 of the 1996 Constitution) is ongoing. This debate, in many ways foreseen, was preempted by the Constitutional Court per Sachs J in Du Plessis and Others v de Klerk and Another 1996 3 SA 850 (CC), when he stated that " . . . sooner or later, the question of the relationship between the Constitution and customary or indigenous law will have to be confronted."

The purpose of this note is to analyse the decisions of the courts, with reference to a discussion of the rules of customary intestate succession and the requirements for a valid customary marriage, and then to propose a possible different outcome which, if applied by the courts, would have been beneficial to all the parties involved. This then leads to a proposal of an alternative remedy to the postulated problem.
Politics, socio-economic issues and culture in constitutional adjudication
Authors: Venter Francois
Published: July 2017

In dealing with the influence of political considerations on the Constitutional Court's interpretation and application of the Bill of Rights it appears to be useful to first consider the meaning of "politics" in the judicial context, then to determine the considerations when politics are alleged to require the recusal of a judge and lastly to describe the Constitutional Court's position on judges and politics.
Die reg op regsverteenwoordiging tydens administratiewe verrigtinge
Authors: Roos MC
Published: July 2017

The question whether a person is entitled to legal representation is normally posed during disciplinary proceedings, but is also relevant to other types of administrative proceedings. No absolute right to legal representation exists beyond a court of law. The Promotion of Administrative Justice Act 3 of 2000 has confirmed the common law position, to wit that an administrative organ has a discretion to allow legal representation, should the circumstances warrant it. This discretion should exercised properly, as held in Hamata v Chairperson, Peninsula Technikon Internal Disciplinary Committee 2002 5 SA 449 (SCA). The submission is that this discretion cannot be excluded either by means of contract or statute, should the Act apply. The definition of administrative action in the Act does not include proceedings before a domestic tribunal and the possibility exists that the discretion to consider allowing legal representation can be contractually excluded. It is argued that disciplinary proceedings affecting an employee should be distinguished from proceedings where a non-employee is involved. Employees should enjoy protection similar to that afforded by the Act.
Revisión del abordaje terapéutico mediante el principio vojta sobre las alteraciones de la marcha en pacientes neurológicos
Authors: Sanz Esteban Ismael , Rodríguez Sanz David , Andrades Jorge Patricia , Calvo Lobo César
Published: July 2017

Objetivos: Revisar en la bibliografía el abordaje terapéutico del principio Vojta y la importancia de la activación de los programas motores innatos para la mejora funcional de la marcha.Métodos: Se recopilan los datos tras una búsqueda en las bases PUBMED, MEDLINE, otros recursos como Google Scholar y la biblioteca de la Universidad Europea de Madrid, siguiendo los criterios Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) y checklist. Se recogen los datos durante los meses de enero y febrero del 2017.Resultados:  Tras aplicar los criterios de inclusión y exclusión resultan relevantes 3 tesis doctorales, 35 artículos y 7 libros de las distintas bases de datos. Durante la terapia de locomoción refleja (TLR) parece producirse una importante activación del sistema nervioso central (SNC) posiblemente debido a la influencia de la postura y la activación de los puntos de estímulo. Toda la información aferente propioceptiva podría provocar la respuesta innata de los complejos de coordinación locomotores que utiliza el ser humano durante la marcha.Conclusiones: Los pacientes con alteraciones neurológicas podrían beneficiarse de la terapia Vojta (TV) al obtener mejorías en diferentes parámetros de la marcha. La TV podría conseguir activar zonas a nivel cortical y subcortical que intervienen durante el movimiento locomotor. Son necesarios ensayos clínicos aleatorizados que aumenten la evidencia científica de la terapia Vojta en los patrones de marcha de patologías neurológicas.
Zirconium Doped Tunnel Structure Manganese Oxide OMS-2 Catalysts
Authors: Jothiramalingam Rajabathar , Viswanathan Balasubramanian , K. Varadarajan Thirukkallam
Published: July 2017

Zirconium doped tunnel structure manganese oxide (OMS-2) materials were synthesized by reflux and impregnation methods by adopting suitable synthetic conditions. XRD and TGA analyses were used to
characterize the crystal structure and thermal stability of as synthesized zirconium doped manganese oxide OMS-2 catalysts. FT-IR and BET analyses were used to interpret the stretching frequency of corresponding functional group present in the catalysts and surface area of as synthesized catalysts. Fibrous structure and the aggregated particle morphology of zirconium doped manganese oxide OMS-2 catalysts were confirmed by TEM analyses. The synthesized catalysts were tested for liquid phase oxidation of side chain aromatic compounds such as ethyl benzene and benzyl alcohol, TBHP (tert-butyl hydrogen peroxide) as the chemical oxidant. Liquid phase oxidation ethyl benzene over zirconium doped tunnel structure manganese oxide OMS-2 catalysts show the higher substrate conversion compared to that of benzyl alcohol oxidation on as synthesized zirconium doped manganese oxide OMS-2 catalysts.
Galvanic Corrosion Between Ti/Ti6Al4V and Various Dental Alloys
Authors: Mareci Daniel , Bocanu Catalin , Aelenei Neculai , Nemtoi Gheorghe
Published: July 2017

The corrosion tendencies of metals are related with their position in the electromotive series. These electrode potential degrees may change due to the composition of the alloys, the surrounding medium or due to the alterations in the composition because of the recurrent costing. The galvanic corrosion appears when different electrochemical potentials are bound to one another and the electrical conductibility is assured by the presence of an electrolyte. It is difficult to avoid coupling of different metals, a problem concerning the choice of the alloy used for the implant bone supra-structure. One has studied the galvanism of several couples formed between a dental implant and diverse dental alloys in Afnor saliva. The electrochemical behavior of 8 commercial dental alloy superstructures with titanium and titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V) implants was investigated by electrochemical techniques. Non-precious alloys were Ni-Cr based (Wiron NT and Verasoft), Co-Cr based (Vitallium alloy) and Cu based (Gaudent). Semi-precious alloys were Ag-Pd based (RX91 and Unique White). The precious alloys were Au-Pd based (Ceram) and Au-Ag based (Argenco). Some of the corroded and non-corroded surfaces were observed by optical microscopy. From linear polarization curves the corrosion potential and the current densities were evaluated. The results showed very low corrosion rates, ranking from 10-6 to 10-9 A/cm2. All the results obtained indicate the fact that the corrosion process intensity corresponding to the coupling between titanium (respectively Ti6Al4V) and semi-precious alloys is reduced. The surface of precious and semi-precious alloys is not attacked, but the titanium (Ti6Al4V) surface is oxidized in time.
„Nein, hier bin ich fremd, ich gehöre dahin, wo ich nicht bin“. Fremdheit und Heimatsuche im Schaffen von Anna Mitgutsch
Authors: Jurzysta Aneta
Published: July 2017

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Shoah in Marian Pankowski’s Literary Art
Authors: Morawiec Arkadiusz
Published: July 2017

The article centers on the theme of the Holocaust in the literary works of Marian Pankowski: its sources, relations with the concentration camp theme, particular works and their poetics, as well as the aesthetic, social and political problems related to the theme of the Holocaust.
Przestrzeń społeczna miasta – dylematy geograficzno-metodologiczne
Authors: Runge Jerzy
Published: July 2017

Celem opracowania jest identyfikacja podstawowych kwestii problemowych w badaniach przestrzeni społecznej i pojęć pokrewnych w kontekście współczesnych wyzwań polityki lokalnej i regionalnej. Zainteresowania przestrzenią społeczną wynikają nie tylko z konsekwencji transformacji ustrojowo-gospodarczej, procesu kurczenia się miast, suburbanizacji, ale także z nadal widocznego procesu uspołeczniania geografii. Konieczne stają się poszukiwania nowych koncepcji wyjaśniających złożoność owych procesów, zwłaszcza wobec konieczności rewitalizacji przestrzeni miejskiej. Dlatego szczególną uwagę w artykule poświęcono relacjom między przestrzenią społeczną, publiczną i mieszkaniową.
Arquivos institucionais do acervo do Centro de Memória da Educação da Faculdade de Educação/USP
Authors: Moraes Carmen Sylvia Vidigal
Published: July 2017

Arquivo Institucional João Penteado: A documentação que compõe o Acervo João Penteado do CME/FEUSP foi doada, em 2005, por herdeiros do educador anarquista João de Camargo Penteado (1877-1965). Os documentos cobrem toda a existência da instituição escolar dirigida por Penteado, que vai de 1912 (quando foi fundada por anarquistas com o nome de Escola Moderna Nº 1) a 2002 (quando o Colégio Saldanha Marinho encerrou suas atividades).
Principles of Dynamic Network Reconfiguration across Diverse Brain States
Authors: Shine James M. , Poldrack Russell A.
Published: July 2017

Recent methodological advances have enabled researchers to track the network structure of the human brain over time. Together, these studies provide novel insights into effective brain function, highlighting the importance of the systems-level perspective in understanding the manner in which the human brain organizes its activity to facilitate behavior. Here, we review a range of recent fMRI and electrophysiological studies that have mapped the relationship between inter-regional communication and network structure across a diverse range of brain states. In doing so, we identify both behavioral and biological axes that may underlie the tendency for network reconfiguration. We conclude our review by providing suggestions for future research endeavors that may help to refine our understanding of the functioning of the human brain.
Construction and Standardization of Commerce Achievement Test for Higher Secondary Level
Authors: Mishra Ashish
Published: July 2017

Commerce education is a branch of knowledge which provides experience of business world at a large and in all its manifestations to its learners and this is basically meant to provide the students in-depth knowledge of different functional areas of business and allied activities to mould the learners according to the dynamic requirements of the trade, commerce and industry. Every individual in a society is desirous to achieve something good for him and achievement in real sense is the end-product of all human endeavours. Achievement is a pivot around which all educational phenomena move uninterruptedly. Since, Commerce stream is now being widely recognized, accepted and appreciated therefore, achievement in Commerce has become significant and its formal base generally starts with the higher secondary level of education in India. The present study is an attempt to develop and standardize a Commerce Achievement Test (CAT) for the students of higher secondary level to measure students’ achievement in commerce. CAT contains seventy objective type (with multiple choice) items related to commerce subject and these items are based on syllabus of Higher Secondary Level prescribed by U. P. board, Allahabad. Validity as well as reliability of the test has been ascertained. Split-half and Kudar-Richardson Reliability of CAT have been found to be 0.93 and 0.86 respectively. The face validity has been established with the help of experts from the field of commerce and education. Concurrent validity of the test has been established against marks obtained by students in their Pre – Board Examination and it is 0.63. CAT can be administered in group setting and time-limit to finish CAT is one hour. Responses from the examinee could be taken on a separate answer-sheet. A score of ‘One’ is awarded for every correct answer and ‘Zero’ is given for wrong answers.
Construction and Validation of Environmental Ethics Attitude Scale
Authors: , Nikhat , Khan Zebun Nisa
Published: July 2017

The aim of the study is to assess the attitude of teachers towards environmental ethics and to develop ethics in them in case of lack of concern towards it. After reviewing so many relevant literatures the investigators considered the three dimensions of environmental ethics i.e., anthropocentrism, eco-centrism and bio-centrism and constructed 84 items based on these dimensions. Investigators consulted 15 experts from various educational and environmental fields for the content and face validity of scale. After expert judgment, 19 items were rejected for overall ambiguities while 65 items were selected for preliminary try-out of the scale over 100 teachers selected through Simple Random sampling technique. Final draft of the scale with 54 items was administered over 300 teachers both from eastern and western Uttar Pradesh. After final item analysis of Environmental Ethics Attitude Scale, 46 items were retained on the basis of the t-value, which was found significant (0.05 level of significance). Out of these 46 items, 34 are positive and 12 are negative statements. The reliability of the tool was 0.836 by Alpha Cronbach to check internal consistency of the tool and by Split Half Test was 0.734.
Effect of Insect Feeding, Pathogen Infection, and Heat Stress on Antioxidant Properties of Wheat Bran
Authors: Ramos Oscar F. , Smith C. Michael , Fritz Allan K. , Madl Ronald L.
Published: July 2017

The potential of hard winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L) to produce antioxidant‐rich crops has been considered as a value addition strategy to increase farm profitability, but the inherent variability in phenolics concentrations in wheat crops is a barrier. This problem also makes marketing the health‐promoting benefits of whole wheat products difficult. Although some variability is explained by genetic diversity, a significant portion is owing to stress factors such as elevated temperatures, fungal attack, and insect damage. Limited information is available on formal trials designed to investigate these relationships. In this study, wheat (Triticum aestivum L) cultivar Karl 92 was stressed by bird‐cherry oat aphid (Rhopalosiphum padi) feeding, leaf rust (Puccinia triticina) infection, and postanthesis high‐temperature stress. Total phenolic content (TPC) and 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity (%DPPH) of the resulting wheat bran and those of nonstressed plants were measured. Plant fitness parameters such as the number of spikes and grain yield were also evaluated. Heat‐stressed plants had the lowest number of spikes (P < 0.0151), shriveled kernels, and lowest TPC and %DPPH in wheat bran‐free (P < 0.0633, P < 0.0048) and bound (P < 0.0003, P < 0.0009) phenolic extracts. Aphid feeding explained some of the variation in TPC (P < 0.0719) and %DPPH (P < 0.0038) of free phenolic extracts, so this stress factor has potential to produce antioxidant‐rich wheat bran. Rust infection did not change the antioxidant concentration on the bran, but it showed potential to produce wheat crops with high phenolics per acreage due to high grain yield (P ≤ 0.0821).
Accentuating criminal sanctions for environmental degradation: issues and perspectives
Authors: O. Odeku Kola , R. Gundani Simbarashe
Published: July 2017

This article examines the need to enforce criminal sanctions for environmental crimes being perpetrated daily, particularly by those who engage in mining and extractive ventures. In South Africa, more often than not, the sanctions for environmental crimes are usually premised on civil suits or administrative actions against the perpetrators. However, these sanctions have not been effective in dissuading perpetrators from environmental harm and degradation because they have the financial means to settle any claims or fines imposed by the courts or the administrative tribunals. It is against the backdrop of this culture of deliberate impunity that this article accentuates the need to strengthen sanctions against perpetrators by imposing criminal sanctions in order to serve as deterrent. A precedent was set by the court in the case of Blue Platinum Ventures (Pty) Limited and Maponya, where the court emphatically invoked and applied criminal sanction against the defendant and was held criminally liable for degrading the environment. The case is a landmark, as it sets a new precedent, where the perpetrator was criminally sanctioned. Countries like United States of America and Australia have been successful in criminal sanctioning of environmental crimes; many mining and extractives companies’ executives and managers have been criminally sanctioned and sent to jail. This article looks at the jurisprudence from these jurisdictions and draws useful lessons that could be used to strengthen prosecution and conviction of perpetrators in South Africa.