bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Acid–Base and Electrolyte Balance Responses in the Performance of Female Ultramarathon Runners in a 45 km Mountain Race
Authors: Ribas Marcelo Romanovitch , Ribas Danieli Isabel Romanovitch , Fernandes Priscila , Badicu Georgian , Legnani Elto , Paulo Anderson Caetano , Ardigò Luca Paolo , Bassan Júlio Cesar
Published: February 2025

Objectives/Background: This study investigated the influence of acid–base and electrolyte balance on the performance of female athletes in a 45 km ultramarathon. The aim was to analyze the impact of these variables on performance, particularly in athletes with varying completion times. Methods: Nineteen female athletes (mean age: 35.9 ± 6.5 years) were divided into three groups based on their race completion times: faster, intermediate, and slower. Blood samples were collected before and after the race to assess biochemical variables and arterial blood gases. Results: Significant differences in potassium (K+) levels were found in the intermediate (p = 0.003, adjusted p = 0.01) and slower (p = 0.006, adjusted p = 0.03) groups. Hematocrit (Hct) showed a significant reduction in the intermediate group (p = 0.007, adjusted p = 0.04). In arterial blood gas variables, significant reductions in HCO3− and pCO2 were observed in the faster (HCO3−: p = 0.002, adjusted p = 0.008; pCO2: p = 0.007, adjusted p = 0.02) and intermediate (HCO3−: p = 0.005, adjusted p = 0.02) groups. In the slower group, significant reductions in pH (p = 0.001, adjusted p = 0.004) and HCO3− (p = 0.001, adjusted p = 0.004) were found. The correlation between post-race Na+ levels and performance was significant in the intermediate group (p = 0.01, adjusted p = 0.02). Conclusions: Acid–base and electrolyte imbalances significantly affect ultramarathon performance, with a greater impact observed in athletes with slower times. These findings highlight the importance of strategies to optimize electrolyte and acid–base balance in endurance events.
Tissue-Specific Ablation of Liver Fatty Acid-Binding Protein Induces a Metabolically Healthy Obese Phenotype in Female Mice
Authors: Tawfeeq Hiba Radhwan , Lackey Atreju I. , Zhou Yinxiu , Diolintzi Anastasia , Zacharisen Sophia M. , Lau Yin Hei , Quadro Loredana , Storch Judith
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: Obesity is associated with numerous metabolic complications including insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and a reduced capacity for physical activity. Whole-body ablation of liver fatty acid-binding protein (LFABP) in mice was shown to alleviate several of these metabolic complications; high-fat (HF)-fed LFABP knockout (LFABP-/-) mice developed higher fat mass than their wild-type (WT) counterparts but displayed a metabolically healthy obese (MHO) phenotype with normoglycemia, normoinsulinemia, and reduced hepatic steatosis compared with WT. Since LFABP is expressed in both liver and intestine, in the present study, we generated LFABP conditional knockout (cKO) mice to determine the contributions of LFABP specifically within the liver or within the intestine, to the whole-body phenotype of the global knockout. Methods: Female liver-specific LFABP knockout (LFABPliv-/-), intestine-specific LFABP knockout (LFABPint-/-), and “floxed” LFABP (LFABPfl/fl) control mice were fed a 45% Kcal fat semipurified HF diet for 12 weeks. Results: While not as dramatic as found for whole-body LFABP-/- mice, both LFABPliv-/- and LFABPint-/- mice had significantly higher body weights and fat mass compared with LFABPfl/fl control mice. As with the global LFABP nulls, both LFABPliv-/- and LFABPint-/- mice remained normoglycemic and normoinsulinemic. Despite their greater fat mass, the LFABPliv-/- mice did not develop hepatic steatosis. Additionally, LFABPliv-/- and LFABPint-/- mice had higher endurance exercise capacity when compared with LFABPfl/fl control mice. Conclusions: The results suggest, therefore, that either liver-specific or intestine-specific ablation of LFABP in female mice is sufficient to induce, at least in part, the MHO phenotype observed following whole-body ablation of LFABP.
Sex Differences in the Relationship Between Nutrient Intake and Mortality Results of the Shika Cohort Study
Authors: Hayashi Koichiro , Nakamura Masaharu , Tsujiguchi Hiromasa , Hara Akinori , Suzuki Keita , Miyagi Sakae , Takazawa Chie , Zhao Jiaye , Camara Jam , Marama Talica , Asai Atsushi , Katano Koji , Kasahara Tomoko , Sato Kuniko , Ogawa Aya , Fukushima Shinobu , Shibata Aki , Suzuki Fumihiko , Shimizu Yukari , Kambayashi Yasuhiro , Kannon Takayuki , Takeshita Yumie , Tsuboi Hirohito , Tajima Atsushi , Konoshita Tadashi , Takamura Toshinari , Nakamura Hiroyuki
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: Macronutrients (protein, fat, and carbohydrate) provide sources of energy and play crucial roles in various physiological functions. However, sex differences in the relationships between protein, fat, and carbohydrate intakes and all-cause mortality remain unclear. The present study investigated sex differences in the relationships between protein, fat, and carbohydrate intakes and all-cause mortality using longitudinal epidemiological data. Methods: A total of 3743 healthy residents (1666 men and 2077 women) aged 40 years or older were followed up (men: 6.64 ± 1.51 years, women: 6.76 ± 1.28 years from 2013) in Shika Town, Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan. Nutrient intake was assessed at the baseline survey using the Brief Self-Administered Dietary History Questionnaire. The prospective relationship between baseline nutrient intake and all-cause mortality during the follow-up period, stratified by sex, was evaluated using two-way analysis of covariance and multiple logistic regression analysis, adjusted for age and BMI. Results: We documented 330 deaths (179 men and 151 women) during the 10-year follow-up period. Significant interactions between death and sex were observed for the intake of total protein (p < 0.001), animal protein (p < 0.001), vegetable protein (p = 0.033), total fat (p = 0.012), and animal fat (p = 0.024). Multiple logistic regression analysis demonstrated that total protein (p = 0.004), and animal protein (p = 0.010) decreased the all-cause mortality and increased carbohydrates (p = 0.046) in women. In men, total fat (p = 0.017) decreased the all-cause mortality. Conclusions: The present study revealed distinct sex differences in the effects of total protein, animal protein, and carbohydrate intakes on all-cause mortality. This sex difference may be due to the sex differences in nutrients intake themselves.
Dietary Habits and Their Correlation with Socio-Demographic Variables Among the Ethnic Hungarian Population of Romania
Authors: Boda Francisc-Andrei , Kovács Béla , Molnar Bernadett , Kovács-Deák Boglárka , Berța Lavinia
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are the leading cause of preventable morbidity and mortality globally. To reduce the prevalence of NCDs, the World Health Organization issued guidelines for a healthy lifestyle, which have been adopted in various countries. Our study aimed to evaluate the dietary habits of the ethnic Hungarian population of Romania, allowing us to identify potential differences in nutritional behavior compared to the country’s general population. Methods: A cross-sectional, observational, questionnaire-based study was conducted to collect information on eating behavior, food purchasing habits, and dietary patterns among ethnic Hungarians, the largest minority group in Romania. The obtained data were interpreted using multivariate data analysis (MVDA), including principal component analysis models (PCA-X) to establish pattern recognition and data clustering, and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) models to examine class differences between the identified clusters. Results: A total of 247 valid questionnaires were evaluated; the most represented groups were females (67.2%), young adults aged 18 to 30 (56.3%), individuals with normal body mass index (54.7%), and those with a higher education level (45.7%). Health-conscious purchasing and eating behaviors were more characteristic of middle-aged and older adults, females, and those with a higher education level. Young adults appear to have a more varied diet, but overconsumption of unhealthy food products and a lack of interest in healthy dietary habits is evident. Conclusions: Appropriate nutritional education is necessary for all age groups; however, programs targeting young adult Hungarians are especially important, as most expressed little interest in healthy eating habits. Further research examining the underlying relationship between dietary habits and cultural factors as well as socio-economic factors could offer new opportunities to promote a healthy lifestyle.
Study on the Differences in the Thirst-Quenching Effects of Different Beverages Supplemented Before Exercise: A Randomized Crossover Trial
Authors: Gao Jieying , Wang Yuchen , Ren Xiao , Nie Ying , Li Yanmi , Zhang Yimin , Huang Shuxian , Zhu Dazhou
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: Different beverages may vary in their effectiveness at quenching thirst. This study aims to explore the impact of pre-exercise consumption of different types of beverages on thirst relief, providing scientific evidence to guide the selection of the most suitable beverage type. Methods: A randomized crossover design was used, recruiting 13 healthy male college students as participants. Each participant completed five exercise trials, with a 7-day interval between trials. In random order, participants consumed 6 mL/kg body weight of water, carbonated beverage, juice, electrolyte drink, or tea before exercise in each trial. Blood, saliva, and urine samples were collected before and after exercise; body weight was measured, and thirst sensation was recorded. Results: Body weight significantly decreased in all groups post-exercise (p < 0.05), with no significant differences between the beverage groups (p > 0.05). Post-exercise, serum Na+ concentrations significantly decreased in all beverage groups, with the electrolyte drink group showing a significantly different change compared to the other groups (p < 0.05). Serum K+ concentrations significantly increased post-exercise only in the electrolyte drink group (p < 0.05). No consistent trend was observed in the changes in serum Ca2+ concentrations before and after exercise. Serum Cl− concentrations post-exercise were significantly lower than pre-exercise in all groups except the electrolyte drink group (Group E) (p < 0.05). All five hydration protocols resulted in a decrease in plasma volume. There was no consistent pattern in the changes in urine osmolality before and after exercise. Salivary osmolality significantly increased post-exercise in all groups (p < 0.05). In terms of subjective thirst, the water supplementation group had the highest score. Conclusions: This study indicates that electrolyte drinks are more effective in maintaining physiological balance, while water is most effective in alleviating subjective thirst. The impact of different beverages on subjective thirst did not fully align with changes in physiological markers, suggesting that future research should comprehensively evaluate the relationship between subjective sensations and physiological changes.
2024 FDA TIDES (Peptides and Oligonucleotides) Harvest
Authors: Al Musaimi Othman , AlShaer Danah , de la Torre Beatriz G. , Albericio Fernando
Published: February 2025

In 2024, the FDA approved fifty novel drugs, including four peptides and oligonucleotides (TIDEs) (two pepTIDEs and two oligonucleoTIDEs), highlighting their increasing importance as effective alternatives to traditional drug classes. TIDEs provide essential therapies for complex diseases, such as genetic disorders, rather than merely addressing symptoms. In addition to oligonucleotide therapeutics for various genetic conditions, peptides became the first approved treatment for Rett Syndrome in 2023 and were also used to treat Niemann–Pick disease type C (NPC) in 2024. Interestingly, among the strategies employed in recent approvals to enhance stability and/or delivery, the prodrug approach, exemplified by palopegteriparatide and pegulicianine, is emerging as a more targeted and precise therapeutic strategy. Additionally, the Enhanced Stabilization Chemistry (ESC)-GalNAc platform has been expanded for hepatic delivery of a new oligonucleotide drug, olezarsen. Furthermore, novel modifications to the ribose moiety in oligonucleotides, such as the 3′-amino substitution in imetelstat, enhance their stability. This review examines the TIDES approved in 2024 based on their chemical structure, medical targets, modes of action, administration routes, and common adverse effects. In addition, it highlights how the prodrug strategy has improved targeting efficiency and extended the half-lives of the active drugs.
Exploring the Potential Mechanism of Liupao Tea Using UPLC-Q-TOF/MS and Network Pharmacology
Authors: Jia Fang , Yang Qi , Yao Lihao , Liu Yunfei , Deng Jiagang , Leng Jing , Fan Lili , Hao Erwei
Published: February 2025

Background: Gastrointestinal motility disorder (GMD) is a common condition characterized by dysfunction or degeneration of the myenteric plexus in specific segments of the gastrointestinal tract. Liupao tea (LPT) is a post-fermented tea that is rich in various secondary metabolites and has demonstrated a range of pharmacological effects, including lipid-lowering properties, antioxidant activity, and modulation of the gut microbiota. However, the underlying mechanisms by which LPT improves GMD remain poorly understood. Methods: Blood was collected after gavage of LPT extract in SD rats. The active components in the aqueous extract of LPT and its serum were analyzed using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF/MS). The targets of LPT in the treatment of GMD were predicted by network pharmacology and molecular docking. Results: 65 compounds were identified in the water extract of LPT, including flavonoids, phenolic acids, alkaloids, and amino acids. In rats treated with LPT, 14 prototype compounds and 6 metabolites were detected in serum. Network pharmacology and molecular docking analyses revealed 298 common targets between LPT and GMD, including IL-6, AKT1, and TP53. Functional enrichment analysis suggested that LPT may improve GMD through the regulation of immune, inflammatory, and cytokine signaling pathways. Molecular docking further indicated that the primary bioactive components of LPT exhibit a strong affinity for IL-6, AKT1, and TP53. Conclusions: These findings provide new insights into the bioactive components, molecular targets, and mechanisms of LPT, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic strategy for gastrointestinal motility disorders.
The Association of Sorghum Growth and Physiology with Soil Carbon Sink Source Captivity in Saline Soil
Authors: Wu Hao , Ahmad Irshad , Liu Jiao , Zhang Qianqian , Fei Han , Bu Weicheng , Zhu Guanglong , Zhou Guisheng
Published: February 2025

The vast expanse of saline-alkali land in China represents a significant reserve of land resources for agricultural development. Therefore, it is essential to explore the saline-alkali tolerance of crops, the benefits of saline-alkali soil improvement, and their carbon sequestration potential. This study utilized the sorghum variety Jinliang 211 as the experimental material, conducting trials in saline-alkali woodland. A control and four different treatments combining organic fertilizers and soil amendments were established to investigate the effects of these mixtures on sorghum growth, antioxidant enzyme activity, soil improvement, and carbon sequestration characteristics. The results indicated that the combined application of organic fertilizer and rice husk biochar could enhance the salt tolerance of Jinliang 211, improve soil quality, and increase soil carbon sequestration capacity. Among the measured plant indicators, the T2 treatment (combined application of organic fertilizer and rice husk biochar) resulted in the highest dry matter accumulation, which was 68.4% higher than the control. Concurrently, the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as SOD, POD, and CAT significantly increased during the jointing stage post-treatment, with the highest enzyme activities observed in the T2 treatment. Regarding soil indicators, the soil organic carbon content initially increased and then decreased, with the T2 treatment showing the highest soil organic carbon content, 9.8% higher than the control. The soil pH initially decreased and then increased, with the T2 treatment exhibiting the lowest soil pH, 5.6% lower than the control. Importantly, the T2 treatment demonstrated the most pronounced “net carbon sink” characteristics in the soil. In summary, the T2 mixed treatment performed the best in enhancing sorghum antioxidant enzyme activity, increasing dry matter accumulation, and strengthening the carbon sequestration characteristics of saline-alkali soil.
Bio-Based and Solvent-Free Epoxy Vitrimers Based on Dynamic Imine Bonds with High Mechanical Performance
Authors: Chen Lei , Ning Na , Zhou Gang , Li Yan , Feng Shicheng , Guo Zhengyan , Wei Yi
Published: February 2025

Conventional epoxy thermosets, with irreversible crosslinking networks, cannot be reprocessed and recycled. Furthermore, the utilization of petroleum-based materials accelerates the depletion of non-renewable resources. The introduction of dynamic covalent bonds and the use of bio-based materials for thermosets can effectively address the above issues. Herein, a series of bio-based epoxy vitrimers with dynamic covalent imine bonds were synthesized via a simple solvent-free, one-pot method using vanillin-derived aldehyde monomers, 4,4-diaminodiphenylsulfone (DDS) and bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) as raw materials. The effect of crosslinking density, crosslinking structure and imine bond content on the resulting bio-based vitrimers was studied, demonstrating their excellent thermal properties, UV shielding and solvent resistance, as well as outstanding mechanical properties compared to those of the previously reported vitrimers. In particular, the cured neat resin of vitrimer had a maximum tensile strength of 109 MPa and Young’s modulus of 6257 MPa, which are higher than those of previously reported imine-based vitrimers. The dynamic imine bonds endow these vitrimers with good reprocessability upon heating (over 70% recovery) and degradation under acidic conditions, enabling recycling by physical routes and gentle degradation by chemical routes. This study demonstrates a simple and effective process to prepare high-performance bio-based and recycled epoxy thermosets.
Dynamics of Vibration in Crane Operation: An Elementary Modal and Harmonic Analysis
Authors: Silva Ricardo Luís Alves , Alves Kleber Gonçalves Bezerra , da Costa José Ângelo Peixoto , Ochoa Alvaro Antonio Villa , Michima Paula Suemy Arruda , Leite Gustavo de Novaes Pires , Caldas Allysson Macário Araújo
Published: February 2025

This work aims to study the dynamic aspects related to mechanical vibrations, focusing on vibrational analysis and harmonics concerning safety and maximum efforts supported by operators working with dynamic mechanical equipment. The main goal is the determination of resonance vibrations, displacements, and accelerations at the workstation of a crane operator. A modal and harmonic analysis was performed using the finite element method and the ANSYS software 2022 R1. The findings indicated that the primary vibration modes impacting the operator’s well-being occurred at 1, 2, and 8 Hz, potentially inducing pronounced resonance phenomena in the operator’s head, torso, and feet areas. Nevertheless, other vibration modes are less relevant within the vibrational context, and they should be avoided due to the resonance phenomenon in the system. It was found that the displacements in the crane seat were of the order of 1.4 mm, and the maximum vibration acceleration was 5.48 m/s2.
From Virtue to Duty: Xunzi’s Gong-Yi 公義 and the Institutionalization of Public Obligation in Early Confucianism
Authors: Huang Yijia
Published: February 2025

This paper challenges the conventional view that pre-Qin Confucianism represents kingly virtue politics that lacks institutional duty. By interpreting Xunzi’s notion of yi 義, particularly gong-yi 公義, as a form of public obligation, I show that Xunzi exposes yi to state institutions to oblige people to serve public ends. While institutional duty is often associated with post-Enlightenment political philosophy, this paper argues that Xunzi’s philosophy offers a comparable framework of public–private exchange. Xunzi’s gong-yi may be a public-servicing sense of duty that combines moral and civic dimensions, compelling individuals to cooperate for the collective good. Unlike social contract theories that trade private rights with public duties, Xunzi’s system relies on moral compulsion and normative reciprocity. This system posits a sensible exchange between individual duties from inner compulsion for the public good. By contrasting gong 公 (the public) with si 私 (the private), Xunzi envisions the public as an entity that is serviced through public duties and a place for human flourishing. Positioning the role of gong-yi in Xunzi’s broader institutional project crystalizes this nascent concept of a “public” and its relationships with civic duties.
Research on Frequency-Modulated Continuous Wave Inverse Synthetic Aperture Ladar Imaging Based on Digital Delay
Authors: Shi Ruihua , Sun Gen , Wang Yinshen , Li Wei , Xiang Maosheng , Zhao Juanying
Published: February 2025

Inverse synthetic aperture ladar (ISAL) systems combine laser coherent detection technology with inverse synthetic aperture imaging methods, offering advantages such as compact size, long detection range, and high resolution. The traditional optical delay line technique is widely used in frequency-modulated continuous wave (FMCW) ISAL imaging systems, but its flexibility is limited, posing challenges for high-precision signal processing. Additionally, frequency modulation errors, atmospheric disturbances, and other errors inevitably affect image quality. Therefore, this paper proposes a signal processing method based on digital delay for FMCW ISAL, aiming to achieve the high-resolution imaging of targets across several kilometers. Firstly, the paper introduces the FMCW ISAL system. By introducing digital delay technology, it enables the flexible and real-time adjustment of reference signal delay. Next, to address the frequency offset issue caused by the introduction of digital delay technology, a preprocessing method for unified frequency shift correction is proposed to ensure signal consistency. Then, a set of internal calibration signal datasets is generated based on digital delay technology. Following this, a frequency modulation error iteration estimation method based on gradient descent is introduced. Without the need for target echo signals, the method accurately estimates the frequency modulation phase errors of both the transmitted and reference signals using only the internal calibration signals. Finally, this paper effectively decomposes the motion of the target, derives the echo model for the FMCW ISAL system, and constructs compensation functions to eliminate the intra-pulse Doppler shift and the residual video phase (RVP). Additionally, the Phase Gradient Autofocus (PGA) algorithm is used after two-dimensional imaging to eliminate the impact of atmospheric disturbances. We conducted two sets of experiments on point targets and surface targets to verify the effectiveness of error compensation in improving imaging quality. The results show that the two-dimensional resolution of point targets was optimized to 3 cm (range) × 0.6 cm (azimuth), while the resolution and entropy of the surface targets were both improved by 0.1. These results demonstrate that the proposed method effectively enhances target imaging quality and provides a new technical approach for high-precision signal processing in FMCW ISAL imaging.
Effectiveness of Sound Field Corrections for High-Frequency Pressure Comparison Calibration of MEMS Microphones
Authors: Saba Fabio , Campo-Valera María , Paesante Davide , Durando Giovanni , Corallo Mario , Pugliese Diego
Published: February 2025

The calibration of Micro-Electro-Mechanical System (MEMS) microphones remains a critical challenge due to their miniaturized geometry and sensitivity to non-uniform acoustic fields. This study presents an advanced calibration methodology that integrates Finite Element Method (FEM) simulations with experimental corrections to improve the accuracy of pressure comparison calibrations using active couplers. A key innovation is the incorporation of asymmetric acoustic field analysis, which systematically quantifies and corrects discrepancies arising from cavity geometry, sensor positioning, and resonance effects peculiar of MEMS microphones. The proposed approach significantly reduces measurement uncertainties, especially in the high-frequency range above 5 kHz, where standard calibration techniques face challenges in taking into account localized pressure variations. Furthermore, the implementation of a measurement set-up, which includes the insert voltage technique, allows for an accurate assessment of the preamplifier gain and minimizes systematic errors. Experimental validation shows that the refined calibration methodology produces highly reliable correction values, ensuring a robust performance over a wide frequency range (20 Hz–20 kHz). These advances establish a rigorous framework for standardizing the calibration of MEMS microphones, strengthening their applicability in acoustic monitoring, sound source localization, and environmental sensing.
Multiple CR Spatiotemporal Compressive Imaging System
Authors: Hao Xiaowen , Zhao Dingaoyu , Ke Jun
Published: February 2025

Higher spatial and temporal resolutions are two important performance parameters in an imaging system. However, due to hardware limitations, the two resolutions are usually mutually restricted. To meet this challenge, we propose a spatiotemporal compressive imaging (STCI) system to reconstruct high-spatiotemporal-resolution images from low-resolution measurements. For STCI, we also designed a novel reconstruction network for multiple compression ratio (CR). To verify the effectiveness of our method, we implemented simulation and optical experiments, respectively. The experiment results show that our method can effectively reconstruct high-spatiotemporal-resolution target scenes for nine different CRs. With the maximum spatiotemporal CR of 128:1, our method can achieve a reconstruction accuracy of 28.28 dB.
Machine Learning with Evolutionary Parameter Tuning for Singing Registers Classification
Authors: Boratto Tales , Costa Gabriel de Oliveira , Meireles Alexsandro , Alves Anna Klara Sá Teles Rocha , Saporetti Camila M. , Bodini Matteo , Cury Alexandre , Goliatt Leonardo
Published: February 2025

Behind human voice production, a complex biological mechanism generates and modulates sound. Recent research has explored machine-learning (ML) techniques to analyze singing-voice characteristics. However, the classification efficiency reported in such research works suggests the possibility of improvement. In addition, there is also scope for further improvement through the application of still under-utilized optimization techniques. Thus, the present article proposes a novel approach that leverages the Differential Evolution (DE) algorithm to optimize hyperparameters within three selected ML models, with the aim of classifying singing-voice registers i.e., chest, mixed, and head registers). To develop the present study, a dataset of 350 audio files encompassing the three aforementioned registers was constructed. Then, the TSFEL Python library was employed to extract 14 pieces of temporal information from the audio signals for subsequent classification by the employed ML models. The obtained findings demonstrated that the Extreme Gradient Boosting model, optimized with DE, achieved an average classification accuracy of 97.60%, thus indicating the efficacy of the proposed approach for singing-voice register classification.
Effectiveness of Home-Based Stretching and Strengthening Training for Improving Flexibility, Strength, and Physical Function in Older Adults with Leg Tightness and/or Suspected Sarcopenia
Authors: Muanjai Pornpimol , Chaovalit Sirawee , Luangpon Nongnuch , Srijunto Wirasinee , Chancharoen Pongrung , Namsawang Juntip , Prasertsri Piyapong , Kamandulis Sigitas , Venckunas Tomas , Boonla Orachorn
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: The aim of the present study was to assess the effectiveness of flexibility or strengthening exercises to improve flexibility, strength, muscle architecture, and functional performance in older adults with leg tightness and/or suspected sarcopenia. Methods: Ninety adults with leg tightness and/or suspected sarcopenia (age: 66.8 ± 4.9 years) were randomly allocated to two subtypes of intervention at home: resistance-band exercise (RE) or eccentric exercise (ECC) for those with weakness; static or dynamic stretching for those with tightness; and static stretching plus ECC or no exercise for those with both muscle tightness and weakness. The program consisted of 3–6 weekly sessions over eight weeks. Blinded outcome assessments before and after the eight-week program and at the three-month follow-up included mobility performance via Timed Up-and-Go (TUG), and flexibility and strength tests, as well as measurement of stiffness. Results: All groups had increased peak torque after eight weeks and improved TUG at the three-month follow-up (p < 0.05). Improved plantar flexor strength persisted at the three-month follow-up (p = 0.009). In addition, the RE and ECC groups had increased muscle thickness by 4.0 and 8.7% after eight weeks (p < 0.05). Hamstring flexibility increased in all exercise groups, except the RE group. Moreover, all six groups showed improved calf flexibility, whereas no changes in stiffness were noted. Conclusions: Increases in mobility performance, strength, and flexibility appeared due to learning effects and increased physical activity, rather than the specific training impact. However, strength-based programs may be recommended for older adults with suspected sarcopenia, as they provide additional benefits, such as short-lasting muscle hypertrophy.
Recent Advances in Flexible Solar Cells; Materials, Fabrication, and Commercialization
Authors: Maoz Maoz , Abbas Zohair , Shah Syed Abdul Basit , Lughi Vanni
Published: February 2025

Flexibility, light weight, and mechanical robustness are the key advantages of flexible photovoltaic (PV) modules, making them highly versatile for sustainable energy solutions. Unlike traditional rigid PV modules, their flexible nature makes them incredibly versatile for harnessing energy in places where doing so was once impossible. They have a wide range of applications due to their flexibility and moldability, making it possible to conform these modules to surfaces like curved rooftops and other irregular structures. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive review of all the materials used in flexible PV modules with a focus on their role in sustainability. We thoroughly discuss the active-layer materials for crystalline silicon (c-Si)-based solar cells (SC) and thin-film solar cells such as cadmium telluride (CdTe), as well as copper indium gallium diselenide (CIGS), amorphous thin-film silicon (a-Si), perovskite and organic solar cells. Various properties, such as the optical, barrier, thermal, and mechanical properties of different substrate materials, are reviewed. Transport layers and conductive electrode materials are discussed with a focus on emerging trends and contributions to sustainable PV technology. Various fabrication techniques involved in making flexible PV modules, along with advantages, disadvantages, and future trends, are highlighted in the paper. The commercialization of flexible PV is also discussed, which is a crucial milestone in advancing and adapting new technologies in the PV industry with a focus on contributing toward sustainability.
Research on Summer Maize Irrigation and Fertilization Strategy in Henan Province Based on Multi-Objective Optimization Model
Authors: Ma Jianqin , Wang Yongqing , Liu Lei , Cui Bifeng , Ding Yu , Liu Lansong
Published: February 2025

Identifying a water–nitrogen coupling strategy to achieve high efficiency, emission reduction, and optimal yield in summer maize under multi-objective conditions is crucial for enhancing nitrogen fertilizer utilization and promoting agricultural sustainability. This study conducted a field experiment on water–fertilizer coupling in summer maize, with three irrigation levels (60%θf, 70%θf, 80%θf, with θf representing field capacity) and four nitrogen application levels (0, 180, 270, 360 kg/ha). It analyzed variations in yield, partial factor productivity of nitrogen fertilizer (PFPN), and the soil CO2 emission flux across different water–nitrogen combinations, establishing a multi-vector optimization model. NSGA-III (non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm III) was utilized to determine the most effective combination of water and nitrogen. The results indicated that maize yield initially increases and then declines as irrigation and nitrogen levels rise. PFPN showed a decreasing trend, and its decline gradually decreased with increasing irrigation levels, suggesting that water can alleviate nitrogen stress to some extent. Soil carbon dioxide exhalation intensity increased with both irrigation and nitrogen levels. The NSGA-III optimization revealed that the optimal water–nitrogen ratio is 1086.28 m3/ha for irrigation and 265.79 kg/ha for nitrogen. Compared with the best water–nitrogen combination (W2N3) from the experiment, this optimized scheme showed no significant difference in irrigation volume, yield, or soil CO2 emission flux while increasing PFPN by 13.46% and saving 1.56% of nitrogen fertilizer. In summary, the optimized water–fertilizer coupling scheme provides a scientific basis for high-efficiency, high-yield, and low-emission maize production in Henan Province, supporting sustainable agricultural development.
Searching for New Physics in an Ultradense Environment: A Review on Dark Matter Admixed Neutron Stars
Authors: Grippa Francesco , Lambiase Gaetano , Poddar Tanmay Kumar
Published: February 2025

Neutron stars (NSs), among the densest objects in the universe, are exceptional laboratories for investigating the properties of dark matter (DM). Recent theoretical and observational developments have heightened interest in exploring the impact of DM on NS structure, giving rise to the concept of dark matter admixed neutron stars (DANSs). This review examines how NSs can accumulate DM over time, potentially altering their fundamental properties. We explore the leading models describing DM behavior within NSs, focusing on the effects of both bosonic and fermionic candidates on key features such as mass, radius, and tidal deformability. Additionally, we review how DM can modify the cooling and heating processes, trigger the formation of a black hole, and impact gravitational wave (GW) emissions from binary systems. By synthesizing recent research, this work highlights how DANSs might produce observable signatures, offering new opportunities to probe DM’s properties through astrophysical phenomena.
Major Causative Bacteria of Dairy Cow Mastitis in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China, 2015–2024: An Epidemiologic Survey and Analysis
Authors: Zhao Hongmei , Guo Ting , Zhou Yaping , Zhao Fengmiao , Sun Yajie , Wang Yuchen , Bian Yuchen , Tian Guangyuan , Wu Chunxia , Cui Qi , Zhou Xue , Cui Jinlei , Si Han , Hao Yongqing
Published: February 2025

In this study, we sought to evaluate the prevalence of bacterial pathogens of mastitis in dairy cattle in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China. The study was conducted from 2015 to 2024 using a total of 12,053 clinical mastitis (CM) and sub-clinical mastitis (SCM) samples. The pathogens were isolated and identified by standard bacteriological and mycological methods. The most common pathogens isolated were Escherichia coli (13.82%), Staphylococcus aureus (10.28%), Klebsiella spp. (8.96%), Streptococcus agalactiae (7.45%), Streptococcus uberis (6.60%), coagulase-negative staphylococci (5.84%), and Streptococcus dysgalactiae (4.21%). From 2015 to 2017, the primary pathogens responsible for causing mastitis in cows were Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus agalactiae. In 2018, the most frequently isolated pathogen was Staphylococcus aureus. Notably, the isolation rate of Escherichia coli increased from 12.31% to 21.72%, and the isolation rate of Klebsiella spp. increased from 7.52% to 14.01% from 2019–2024. Mycoplasma was only detected in clinical mastitis cases, with a separation rate as high as 6.95%. In summary, the isolation rate of environmental pathogens is gradually increasing, while that of contagious pathogens has been continuously declining. This indicates that the current prevention strategies for infectious pathogens are effective. As a next step, it will be important to develop new strategies specifically targeting environmental pathogenic microorganisms.
Assessment of Flood Risk Predictions Based on Continental-Scale Hydrological Forecast
Authors: Khan Zaved , Lerat Julien , Bahramian Katayoon , Vogel Elisabeth , Frost Andrew J. , Robinson Justin
Published: February 2025

The Australian Bureau of Meteorology provides flood forecasting and warning services across Australia for most major rivers in Australia, in cooperation with other government, local agencies and emergency services. As part of this service, the Bureau issues a flood watch product to provide early advice on a developing situation that may lead to flooding up to 4 days prior to an event. This service is based on (a) an ensemble of available Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) rainfall forecasts, (b) antecedent soil moisture, stream and dam conditions, (c) hydrological forecasts using event-based models and (d) expert meteorological and hydrological input by Bureau of Meteorology staff, to estimate the risk of reaching pre-specified river height thresholds at locations across the continent. A flood watch provides information about a developing weather situation including forecasting rainfall totals, catchments at risk of flooding, and indicative severity where required. Although there is uncertainty attached to a flood watch, its early dissemination can help individuals and communities to be better prepared should flooding eventuate. This paper investigates the utility of forecasts of daily gridded national runoff to inform the risk of riverine flooding up to 7 days in advance. The gridded national water balance model (AWRA-L) runoff outputs generated using post-processed 9-day Numerical Weather Prediction hindcasts were evaluated as to whether they could accurately predict exceedance probabilities of runoff at gauged locations. The approach was trialed over 75 forecast locations across North East Australia (Queensland). Forecast 3-, 5- and 7-day accumulations of runoff over the catchment corresponding to each location were produced, identifying whether accumulated runoff reached either 95% or 99% historical levels (analogous to minor, moderate and major threshold levels). The performance of AWRA-L runoff-based flood likelihood was benchmarked against that based on precipitation only (i.e., not rainfall–runoff transformation). Both products were evaluated against the observed runoff data measured at the site. Our analysis confirmed that this runoff-based flood likelihood guidance could be used to support the generation of flood watch products.
Hydrological 0D and 2D Modelling of the Navio-Quebrado Coastal Lagoon (La Guajira, Colombia): A Challenging Exercise
Authors: Nardini Andrea Gianni Cristoforo , Torres-Bejarano Franklin , Escobar Villanueva Jairo R. , Rodríguez Fernández Rosa-Angélica , Fragozo Arevalo Jose Miguel , Pérez-Montiel Jhonny I.
Published: February 2025

In a previous paper, we presented a very simple monitoring system. That system aimed at providing the basic information needed to set up a hydrological simulation model that would be used to understand the behavior of the system and to explore possible changes linked to future climates. After more than 1.5 years of observations, the gathered information was utilizable to test a 0D hydrological model. This exercise is presented here, together with a comparison with a more refined, and more demanding, 2D hydrodynamic model, enlightening strengths and weaknesses. Several details are revealed in this paper showing how even a simple case needs some type of art in order to overcome the unavoidable difficulties. Surprisingly nice answers have been obtained that illuminate the behavior of the lagoon and shed light on the key points to be improved both in monitoring and modelling. This exercise can be of help in several similar situations.
Динамика образования субмикронных частиц золота при абляции в среде сверхкритического диоксида углерода
Authors: Епифанов Е.О. , Ашарчук Н.М. , Хмеленин Д.Н. , Трофимов И.В. , Рыбалтовский А.О. , Мишаков Г.В. , Семенов Т.А. , Минаев Н.В. , Мареев Е.И.
Published: February 2025

Исследована динамика формирования субмикронных частиц золота во время лазерной абляции в сверхкритическом и жидком СО2 с помощью время-разрешенных измерений спектров экстинкции. Обнаружено, что высокая плотность СО2  800 кг/м3 вне зависимости от фазового состояния приводит к формированию лазерно-индуцированных флуктуаций среды на временных масштабах 10—1000 мкс, на которых может происходить расфокусировка последующих лазерных импульсов. Для условий пониженной плотности флюида в окрестности области Видома (Р = 8,5 МПа, Т = 310 K) показано, что наночастицы беспрепятственно покидают область взаимодействия, о чем свидетельствует экспоненциальный рост интегральной величины экстинкции. Данные о спектрах экстинкции позволили наблюдать динамику формирования наночастиц со средним диаметром ≈ 160 нм, подчиняющихся логнормальной функции распределения по размерам, ширина которой определяется термодинамическими условиями СО2

The dynamics of submicron gold particle formation during laser ablation in supercritical and liquid CO2 have been investigated using time-resolved Mie scattering absorption spectroscopy. It was found that a high density of CO2, approximately 800 kg/m³, regardless of the phase state, leads to the formation of laser-induced medium fluctuations on time scales of 10 to 1000 microseconds, during which the defocusing of subsequent laser pulses may occur. Under conditions of reduced fluid density in the vicinity of the Widom region (P = 85 bar, T = 310 K), it was demonstrated that nanoparticles can leave the interaction zone unhindered, as evidenced by the exponential increase in integral absorption. Data from the absorption spectra allowed for the observation of nanoparticle formation dynamics, with an average diameter of approximately 160 nm and log-normal size distribution, the width of which is determined by the thermodynamic conditions of CO2.
VALIDATION OF INFARCT RELATED ARTERY PREDICTION BY CULPRIT SCORE USING ON ADMISSION ECG IN ACUTE INFERIOR WALL MI PATIENTS
Authors: Gadhwal Pratap Singh , Pathak Vijay
Published: February 2025

Introduction: The use of ECG as a diagnostic tool is essential for locating the artery associated with the infarct is of
extreme importance for individuals with inferior wall myocardial infarction to minimize the reperfusion time and risk
quantication in a better way. Numerous ECG criteria have been evolved to identify infarct-related arteries. This study carries an evaluation of
the present ECG criteria and focused on for validation of infarct related artery prediction by a new culprit score using on admission ECG in acute
inferior wall MI patients. Total 80 patients between 2022 to 2024, were included in our study for EC Materials & Methods: G and followed by
CAG analysis. The study involved 80 patients with an average age of 68 ± 10 years; 76% of the partic Results: ipants were men, and 24% were
women. In our study, IWMI with LCX occlusion revealed higher depression of the ST segment for V1 to V3 along with greater ST elevation in
lead II, whereas aVL indicated higher depression of ST segment with more ST elevation in lead III in IWMI with RCA occlusion. With proximal
RCA occlusions V1 also showed ST elevation. After these ndings, a currently devised ECG based score named “culprit score” was used for
validation of infarct related artery prediction on admission ECG in acute inferior wall MI patients followed by coronary angiography and
ndings were compared. The study found that a Culprit Score value of ≤0.5 had a sensitivity of 92.11% and specicity of 90.48% for predicting
proximal RCA occlusions, value 0.5 to ≤1.5 had a sensitivity of 77.27% and specicity of 89.66% for predicting distal RCA occlusions and value
>1.5 had a sensitivity of 80% and specicity of 96.67% for predicting LCX occlusions. Additionally, the negative predictive value for the Culprit
Score was more than 90% across the different thresholds. High specicity and NPV were found to iden Conclusion: tify the infarct-related artery
in inferior wall myocardial infarction while using culprit score.
Acesso a Medicamentos Entre Usuários com Doenças Cronicas na Atenção Primária
Authors: Barros de Oliveira Brandão Maria Fernanda , Jesus dos Santos Cruz Jaqueline , Dourado Arraes Paulo Sérgio , Maia Helena , Sodré Araújo Patrícia
Published: February 2025

Objetivo: Estimar prevalência do acesso a medicamentos entre usuários com DCNT da Atenção Primária à Saúde em Salvador, Bahia, Brasil e fatores associados. Métodos: Estudo transversal realizado com adultos maiores de 18 anos com DCNT, realizado entre 2019 e 2020. Analisaram-se associações entre acesso aos medicamentos com fatores demográficos, socioeconômicos, perfil de saúde, hábitos de vida e acessibilidade geográfica, mediante regressão logística hierárquica. Resultados: Dos 283 entrevistados, 190 (67,1%) referiram ter acesso a medicamentos. Idade maior ou igual a 60 anos (OR=0,33; IC95%: 0,14 – 0,75) se mostrou como protetor, diferentemente de viver sem companheiro (OR=2,13; IC95%: 1,16 – 3,91) e ter dificuldade para chegar às unidades de saúde (OR=2,64; IC95%: 1,26 – 5,54) dificultaram o acesso aos medicamentos. Conclusão: Acesso a medicamentos foi considerado intermediário. Usuários sem companheiros e com dificuldade para chegar à APS têm mais dificuldade de acesso a medicamentos, diferentemente daqueles com idade igual ou superior a 60 anos.
Fragilidade em Pessoas Idosas na Atenção Primária à Saúde no Brasil: Uma Revisão Integrativa
Authors: Braatz Petermann Xavéle , Da Luz Oliveira Jairo , Kocourek Sheila
Published: February 2025

Objetivo: Analisar a produção científica sobre fragilidade em pessoas idosas na Atenção Primária à Saúde no Brasil. Método: Estudo de revisão integrativa realizado na Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, sendo utilizados os descritores para a busca: “idoso” AND “fragilidade” AND “atenção primária à saúde” OR “atenção básica à saúde”, no período de 2019 a 2024. Os resultados foram avaliados por meio da técnica de análise temática proposta por Minayo (2010). Resultado: A amostra foi composta por 12 artigos. As categorias que caracterizam a produção científica sobre fragilidade em pessoas idosas na APS no Brasil compreendem “Determinantes sociais”, “Autopercepção da saúde” e “Promoção da saúde, prevenção e na APS”. Conclusão: Os resultados encontrados demonstraram que a fragilidade da pessoa idosa na APS é um fenômeno complexo e multifatorial, interligado a processos heterogêneos de envelhecimento.