bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ta Doped Zinc Oxide as a New Anode for Photovoltaic Solar Cells
Authors: Sun Nan Hai
Published: June 2012

The preparation and characteristics of ZnO(Zinc oxide) co-sputtered TaO (Ta oxide) electrodes(ZTO) grown on glass substrates using a specially designed composite target for use in organic solar cells are described. It was found that both the electrical and optical properties of the ZTO films were critically dependent on the Ar/O2 flow ratio and sputtering power. In addition, all ZTO electrodes show amorphous structure regardless of the Ar/O2 flow ratio, due to the low substrate temperature. We obtained the ZTO electrode with sheet resistance of 30 Ohm/square and average optical transmittance of 80% in room temperature. The conversion power efficiency by using ZTO electrode at optimized conditions is 2.6 %.
Characteristics and Application of the Novel Synthetic Material AWPP for Water Purification
Authors: Yang Peng , Zhang Ke Qiang , Li Xin
Published: June 2012

Through the hot pressing compound adhesive technology of synthesis of the Novel Synthetic Materials "Artificial Water-Purifying Plant" (AWPP) which is made of polyester fiber non-woven fabrics and Cross-linked polyethylene bubble. Material production process, principle and characteristics of AWPP are introduced in the article. From the different concentration of water purification contrast test, analysis of the material in ascension water purification system processing power play a role. The results indicate that AWPP have technologies advantages of qualitative light, corrosion resistance, buoyancy, more specific surface area, microbial attachment than large amount, form quickly microbial membrane and so on. To different concentrations of water quality of different pollutants index, it can effectively improve water purification effect 18%-40%, and use of low cost, market broad prospect of application.
Development of a Non-Contact Micro-Deburring Method Using Ultrasonic Cavitation Bubbles
Authors: Wu Chao Qun , Nakagawa N. , Zhou Shao Feng
Published: June 2012

The purpose of this study is to develop a non-contact deburring method and optimize its operation parameters. A deburring method using enhanced ultrasonic cavitation without abrasives is proposed and its work conditions were optimized. In additional, aging changes on the microhardness and surface roughness of specimens were studied experimentally in the process. The aging microhardness went through two stages. In the first stage, the work hardening characteristic of aluminum induced the increase in microhardness of specimen. After the microhardness reached an extreme, it went down. The surface roughness increased with treatment time. These time-dependent changes indicated that parts should be treated discontinuously during the ultrasonic deburring process to avoid being eroded by cavitation bubbles. Deburring experiments indicated that the burrs can be effectively removed by these enhanced cavitation bubbles.
Low Environmental Impact Machining Processes of Free Cutting Austenitic Stainless Steels without Lead Addition
Authors: Li Zhuang , Wu Di , Lv Wei
Published: June 2012

Environmental protection is a growing concern for many industries today. This paper shows manufacturing environmental performance improvement for free cutting steel products. Inclusions have the characteristics of sulfur and bismuth in free cutting austenitic stainless steels without lead addition. Machinable additives lead to improved chip breakage, and thus reduced tool wear. The machinability of free cutting austenitic stainless steels without lead addition is much better than that of conventional austenitic stainless steel. Bismuth can replace lead because lead is a harmful factor for environment and machine operators' health. The reduction of environmentally harmful substances such as lead was performed. A feasible combination of free-cutting additives should yield a stainless steel product with acceptable machining and mechanical properties.
Numerical Simulation of Influence of Mudstone Interlayer on Compressive Strength of Salt Rock
Authors: Han Feng Shan , Li Song
Published: June 2012

Salt rock is think of ideal storage location for oil and natural gas and radioactive waste deposited, interlayer has negative effect on stability of cavern of storage for oil and natural gas and radioactive waste deposited in salt rock, It is difficult to make complete specimen layered salt rock with interlayer. In this paper Based on Rock Failure Process Analysis Code RAFP2D, influence of mudstone interlayer on uniaxial compressive strength of salt rock is investigated by numerical simulation. Numerical simulation shown that when mechanical parameters such as elastic modulus poison’s ratio and uniaxial compressive strength for salt rock and pure mudstone interlayer and content of mudstone interlayer in salt rock are known, compressive strength and mechanical behavior for salt rock with mudstone interlayer can be effectively and accurately analyzed using RFAP2D. The results for numerical simulation are agreement with true physical experiment of salt rock with mudstone interlayer. It should be noticed that the true physical experimental uniaxial compressive strength of rock is in range of 30% mean uniaxial compressive strength of rock element in RFPA2D，in this case the results for numerical simulation can reflect phenomenon and behavior for true physical experiment of salt rock with mudstone interlayer. That provides new method and avenue to analyze and investigate mechanical behavior for multilayer rock mass based on RAFP2D
Optimization of the Sputtering Process Parameters of AZO Films with Multiple Quality Characteristics
Authors: Wen Dong Cherng , Hsu Chun Yao , Chiou Ai Huei
Published: June 2012

Aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO) films were deposited on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) by radio frequency magnetron sputtering. The influence of the various deposition parameters (R.F. power, substrate-to-target distance, substrate temperature, deposition time) on electrical, morphological and optical properties of AZO/PET films was investigated. The use of grey-based Taguchi method to determine the optimization of the process parameters by considering multiple performance characteristics has been reported. The electrical resistivity and the average transmittance of the AZO films were improved by increasing the substrate temperature. Finds based on the grey relational analysis show that the lowest electrical resistivity of AZO films to be about 1.6 × 10-3Ω-cm, and visible range transmittance about 80%.
Preparing of Silica Aerogel and Adsorption Performance on Nitrobenzene
Authors: Luo Ya Jun , Li Xue , Hu Xiao Li , He Deng Liang , Lin Peng
Published: June 2012

SiO2 aerogel is prepared under normal conditions by taking tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) as the silica source, N-hexane as the displacer, trimethylchlorosilane hexane as the modifier and hydrolysis environment provided by hydrochloric acid and ammonia water. The effect of pH value, time, temperature, initial concentration on the adsorption of nitrobenzene by aerogel has been studied. The results show that the best range of the pH value for adsorption is 10.72. When adsorption time is 100 min, adsorption equilibrium can be reached. The best temperature for adsorption is 40 °C. The adsorption capacity becomes larger with the concentration increasing of the nitrobenzene solution. When the concentration reaches 500 mg/L, the adsorption reaches 32.402 mg/g. The adsorption equation matches Langmuir model. Scanning Electron Microscopes (SEM), infrared absorption spectrum and specific surface area measurements have shown that the adsorption property of SiO2 aerogel for the nitrobenzene is related to cellular structure of the aerogel and large specific surface area.
Review on Development of Aviation Fuel
Authors: Tian Jin
Published: June 2012

This paper describes general situation and hot spots of development of aviation fuel from two aspects of high density, thermal stability, and studies direction of research and development of jet fuel in the future.
Shear Capacity Study on Double-Nut Stud Shear Connector
Authors: Wang Yang , Li Tian
Published: June 2012

A new stud—double-nut stud was present. The goals of the study were two fold, firstly to compare with traditional stud and secondly to search the affect factors of capacity, get calculation equations .We present an analysis of double-nut stud, include different concrete strength and different stud size. This study showed double-nut stud is better than traditional stud, for it has higher shearing stiffness and bearing capacity, makes steel beam and the concrete slab to work together. These results suggest that all equations of stud are not applicable computation double -nut stud, it should make 1.35-1.5 adjustment coefficient.
Studies on Preparation and Properties of PVDF-PSSA Membrane
Authors: Qing Yuan , Guo Gui Bao , An Sheng Li
Published: June 2012

A proton exchange membrane, poly (vinylidene fluoride)(PVDF) blended polystyrene sulfonated acid(PSSA) was prepared by Blend polymerization method. Mechanical properties of membranes were investigated by the multi-functional material experiment machine.The influences of the content of the styrene on the proton conductivity and methanol permeability of the membranes were studied by the impedance analyzer and gas chromatography instrument. The results showed that Polystyrene is easily blended into PVDF and mechanical properties were improved, with increasing of the content of styrene, the proton conductivity of PVDF-PSSA membranes was increased, and arrived at maximum as the styrene content was 20%, correspondingly, methanol permeability became large gradually.
Studies on Preparation and Properties of SiO2/PVA-PAMPS Composite Membrane
Authors: Chen Xiao Xia , Guo Gui Bao
Published: June 2012

In situ namometer silicon bioxide modification of Poly-2-acrylamido-methyl propane sulfonic acid (PAMPS)-composite-polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) membranes were prepared by sol-gel for DMFC. The mechanical properties and thermal stability of the membranes were measured, at the same time, the influences of the content of the AMPS on the proton conductivity and methanol permeability of the membranes were studied by the impedance analyzer and gas chromatography instrument. The results showed that AMPS is easily blended into PVA modified by SiCl4 and mechanical properties and thermal stability were improved, with increasing of the content of AMPS, the proton conductivity of SiO2/PVA-PAMPS membranes was increased, correspondingly, methanol permeability became large gradually.
The Molding Process for Synthesizing Formed Coke with Low Rank Pulverized Coal
Authors: Zhang Qiu Li , Cheng Xuan , Lan Xin Zhe , Zhao Xi Cheng
Published: June 2012

The paper investigates the molding process of producing formed coke with low rank pulverized coal. When the bentonite as binder, the technological conditions mainly including bentonite content, forming pressure, forming moisture and particle size factors which effect on the strength of formed cokes were systematically discussed and obtained the optimal conditions. Under the conditions of amount of bentonite 5%, forming pressure 40kN, moisture content 14%, and fine coal particle size<5mm the formed coke with strength of 600N/ball was prepared and it satisfied the standard of gasification behavior of formed coke.
Effect of TiO2 on the Formation of Calcium Sulphoaluminate
Authors: Guo Hui Ling , Xie Jun Lin , Tan Chang
Published: June 2012

The effect of TiO2 on the formation of desulfurization product calcium sulphoaluminate is investigated by flue gas analysis, X-ray diffraction, and differential scanning calorimetry. The results show that TiO2 is a better desulfurizing additive. It reduces the SO2 emission, increases the desulfurization degree, reduces the formation temperature of calcium sulphoaluminate, strengthens the formation of calcium sulphoaluminate, and increases the chemical stability of calcium sulphoaluminate. The desulfurization efficiency reaches the best when the addition of TiO2 is up to 1.0wt. %.
Fabrication of AR Film Using Nano-Imprint Process with a Diamond Mold
Authors: Tsai Hung Yin , Liu Ching Wen , Ting Chia Jen
Published: June 2012

Owning to the robust characteristics of diamonds, a nano-tip array structured mold was fabricated with diamond, we can then use this mold to produce anti-reflection (AR) films with nanoimprint lithography. Taking advantage of the self-ordered characteristic of anodic aluminum oxide (AAO), we can obtain the diamond mold by depositing a layer of diamond on the AAO using hot filament chemical vapor deposition (HFCVD). Then taking advantage of the high through-put characteristics of nanoimprint lithography, AR films can be mass produced. The AR films were subjected to reflectivity inspections, a 5.5% reduction in reflectivity was obtained.
Influence of PBO Fibers Heat-Treatment on Physical-Chemical Properties and Surface
Authors: Lei Zhao , Song Yuan Jun , Wu Jing Jing , Shi Dai , Zhu Li Ying , Huang Yu Dong
Published: June 2012

The influence of heat-treatment in nitrogen atmosphere at different temperatures, time and stress on the physical–chemical properties and the surface of PBO fibers were investigated through Single fiber tensile, TG and SEM analysis. The results show that the tensile strength of PBO fibers dose not change so much before 600°C, but for heat-treatment at 650°C, there is a significant decrease in strength. Heat-treatment also makes the surface of fibers rougher than untreated fibers.
Theoretical Study on Thermal Performance of Trombe Wall Combined with Solar Air Collector
Authors: Bie Yu , Zhou Fang , Hu Ming Fu , Peng Qian , Mao Wen Yuan , Chang Jing Hua
Published: June 2012

A thermal performance mathematical model of Trombe wall combined with solar air collector was established on the base of thermodynamics and fluid dynamics analysis. Then we solved the mathematical model by means of calculating program based on C programming language. The calculating results show the influence law of the area ratio of air opening to air flow channel (Ao/Af ) and the thickness of air flow channel affected on the heat collecting efficiency of solar wall. With the increasing of Ao/Af , the efficiency increases firstly, then increases more slowly, and finally comes to steady. The thickness also affects the efficiency in the same way. Though the results still need a further validation by experiments, they are initially proved correct by the qualitative analysis. The theoretical model can be a tool for the structural optimization of the Trombe wall combined with solar air collector.
Study on the Thermal Fatigue Resistance of Ductile Iron
Authors: Xu Zhang Yin , Jiang Yin Ju
Published: June 2012

Simulated service condition of aluminum ingot casting molds, samples of ductile iron was tested in a temperature Cycle from750°C and water-cooled to 25°C till a crack appeared in the sample. its thermal fatigue resistance of samples based various microstructure included as—casting, annealing or alloying ferritic matrix structure, or alloying pearlitic structure and the upper or low the bainitic structure had been researched. The study shows that the thermal fatigue resistance of the annealing ferritic nodular cast iron was superior to the others.
Effects of La-Doping on the Structure and Performance of Copper-Manganese Oxides for the Water-Gas Shift Reaction
Authors: He Run Xia , Liu Quan Sheng , Wu Fang , Zhou Chen Liang , Zhi Ke Duan , Yao Hai Bo
Published: June 2012

By using copper manganese sulfated and lanthanum nitrate as raw materials, and NaOH as precipitating agent, the copper-manganese-lanthanum mixed oxides were prepared through co-precipitation method. The catalyst samples were characterized by XRD, TPR and TPD, and the catalytic properties on water gas shift (WGS) reaction were studied. The results show that, La doping didn’t change the crystal structure, but the sample crystallinity was deteriorated. Cu-Mn/La-0.5 sample reduction temperature was low and the adsorption quantity of activated CO2 was large, which implied that copper and manganese components have good metal synergic effect, lower temperature activity and thermal stability.
Study and Fabrication of Acid-Modified Diatomite
Authors: Jiang Yan , Ye Hua , He Li Na
Published: June 2012

This paper presents an investigation of the purification and activation of a raw diatomite by acid treatment. In the acid modification process, the SiO2 gel powder was adsorbed partially into the pure diatomite, blocking macropores and large mesopores of diatomite, which resulted in great increase of the specific surface area and SiO2 content of diatomite. Thus, the as-prepared diatomite has potential use in the fabrication of catalyst carrier.
The Distribution of Gaseous Product during Pyrolysis of Direction Liquefaction Residue and Coal
Authors: Chu Xi Jie , Zhao Li Hong , Wang Yong Gang
Published: June 2012

The pyrolysis of Shenhua direction residue and Shenhua coal was investigated in a thermo gravimetric analyzer. The TG and DTG curve indicated that compared with coal, the residue has higher weight loss and weight loss rate due to the higher content of heavy oil and asphaltene which produced during the liquefaction process; The residue and coal were also investigated in a fixed bed reactor to determine the composition and the yield of the gaseous product evolved. The main gases were H2, CH4, CO, CO2, C2H4 and C2H6, the residue has less gas produced because most of the active component in coal was destroyed during the liquefaction process, so the main component in residue is inactive substances. The maximum evolution temperature of CO, CO2, C2H4 and C2H6 was about 500°C, which were related to the maximum weight loss rate temperature, in this temperature the decomposition rate of the coal macromolecular structure is largest.
Economic and Environmental Protection Analysis of an Electrothermal Boiler System
Authors: Yan Hai Xian , Du Zhen Yu
Published: June 2012

Through the example about the electrothermal boiler and heat storage system modification of Yuci cultural center of Shanxi Province, the paper introduces the design scheme and the characteristic of electrothermal boiler system, and compares the system operation cost with the central heating cost. It points out the technical advantages and economic value of the electrothermal heating boiler. above all, it has a very high environmental protection value.
Optimization and Application of Oxygen Control in Supercritical Coal-Fired Power Plant
Authors: Li Jun , Li Wei Wei , Zhu Fu Yuan
Published: June 2012

The general information and features of supercritical unit are illustrated. By controlling the input air according to fuel, combustion efficiency can be ensured. By coordinating the input oxygen in proportion to the load, heat efficiencies and emissions can be accomplished. The detailed design of the control schemes is described. The effectiveness of the proposed schemes is illustrated through industrial application. It’s hoped that the analysis and optimization can provide useful experience and lessons for the design of the supercritical coal-fired unit’s controls.
Parameters Analysis of Liquefaction Efficiency of Supersonic Swirling Separator
Authors: Zhu Hong Mei , Cui Lei , Sun Heng
Published: June 2012

3S separator can greatly reduce the temperature of nature gas and liquefied the gas. Parameters analysis is conducted based on a one-dimensional steady simulation model. The results not only show the prospective potential of 3S technology to be used in liquefaction of nature gas, but also the suitable working range and applicable parameters was given.
A New Type of Movable Wind-Solar Mutually Complementary Electricity-Generating System
Authors: Jiang Bo Hai , Mei Jiang Ping
Published: June 2012

Propose a new type of stand-alone movable wind-solar mutually complementary electricity-generating system with oxygen and water rationing function.The system integrates the wind and solar power systems,control systems and the user load equipments into a movable military square cabinet.It can be an effective solution to the problem of electricity supply for remote areas such as the field of military camps,the plateau and the island.This paper introduces the structure principle of the system and the manner of working,and also briefly describes its data acquisition system and control management process.
Research on Hydriding Reaction Kinetics Mechanism of Mg2-xNdxNi (x = 0-0.3) Alloys
Authors: Wan Qi , Li Ping , Cui Li Qun , Zhang Wei Na , Li Yun Long , Qu Xuan Hui
Published: June 2012

Mg2-xNdxNi (x=0.1, 0.2, 0.3) alloys, along with Mg2Ni for comparison, were prepared by vacuum induction melting, The influent of content of Nd on the microstructure and hydrogen storage performance were studied, the hydrogenation mechanism of Mg2-xNdxNi alloys was explored. The results showed that: the hydriding-dehydriding kinetics performance of Mg2Ni were improved by adding Nd, but the hydrogen storage capacity of alloys decreased. Mg2Ni, Nd2Ni7, NdMg12, Nd5Mg41 and other minor phases were observed in Mg-Nd-Ni alloys. Mg-Nd-Ni alloys had favorable kinetics performance. Compared with Mg2Ni alloy, the desorption rate and desorption ratio decreased with the increase of the amount of Nd, the hydriding-dehydriding kinetics performance Mg1.9Nd0.1Ni was the best. The hydrogenation mechanism of Mg2-xNdxNi alloy was nucleation and grown up mechanism controlled by diffusion ([-ln(1-ξ)]n=kt), the nucleation and grown up process was decided by the diffusion of hydrogen atom in alloy. Hydrogenation rate increased with the increase of hydrogen pressure and adding Nd, it was because the diffusive rate of hydrogen atom in alloy increased. According to the analysis of kinetics mechanism, methods to improve kinetics performance was put forward by reducing the diffusion path of hydrogen atom in alloy.
Synthesis of 2-Hydroxyl-3-Sulfonic Acid Sodium Salt-Propyl Lacrylate
Authors: Zhang Rong Ming , Wang Yue , Li Wei , Shan Hong Man
Published: June 2012

2-hydroxyl-3-sulfonic acid sodium salt-propyl lacrylate was synthesized through the three-step process (sulfonation, ring-closing reaction, and esterification) by using epichlorohydrin as the starting material. The structure of oxiranemethane sulfonic acid sodium salt and end product 2-hydroxyl-3-sulfonic acid sodium salt-propyl lacrylate was identified by FTIR and Melting point. The influence factors of the synthesis process were studied. The optimal condition of the synthesis of ring-closing reaction and esterification was gained. Through the synthesis method, a corresponding synthesis of lauric acid, 14 acid, palmitic acid, 18 acid were gained. Then they were on the surface tension tests to determine the critical micelle concentration.
The Study of Catalytic Reforming of Coke Oven Gas Producing Hydrogen-Rich Gas
Authors: Liang Peng , Li Jian Hui , Liu Yan Xia , Liu Tao
Published: June 2012

Two series of nickel-based catalyst, NiO/Al2O3 and NiO/MgO/Al2O3 were prepared by the impregnation and step-by-step impregnation methods in the experiment. Toluene as the tar model compounds, the effect of catalyst composition and reaction condition on the catalytic conversion of tar components in coke oven gas were investigated. The results showed that to get more methane at higher reaction temperature, catalyst of 0.1% NiO loading is prefered. MgO could reduce the carbon deposition on the catalyst surface. The high temperature was conducive to the formation of H2 and CO, but was not favorable for the CH4 formation in the investigated temperature. The space velocity had little influence on the production of H2 and CO, but the larger space velocity was good for the formation of CH4. In addition, higher H2O /toluene ratio brought a higher H2 production, but lower CO and CH4 production.
Photoreduction of Cr(VI) in Fe(III)-lactate System
Authors: Feng Xiang Hua , Zheng Xiao Rong , Ding Shi Min
Published: June 2012

The photochemical reduction of Cr(VI) in aqueous solutions containing Fe(III)-lactate complex was preliminarily investigated. The effects of initial pH, initial concentrations of Fe (III), lactate and Cr(VI) were studied in detail and the photoreduction mechanism of Cr(VI) was discussed preliminarily. The results indicate that Cr(VI) can be effectively photochemically reduced by Fe(III)-lactate complex, and the optimum pH for photoreduction of Cr(VI) is 3.0. The reduction efficiency of Cr(VI) decreases with increase of the initial concentrations of Cr(VI) over the range of 12.0~48.0 μM. The initial rate of Cr (VI) photoreduction increases with increase of the initial concentrations of Fe (III) or lactate. The photoreduction reaction is accordance with the law of apparent first-order dynamics reaction.
Study on Corrosion Resistance of Welding HAZ Treated by Laser Surface Quenching
Authors: Li Yan Li , Hu Fang You , Qi Jia Rui , Zhao Pei Zhong , Zhang Xiao Mei
Published: June 2012

Generally, the welding HAZ is more sensitive to corrosion. In order to increase the corrosion resistance of the welding HAZ in aircraft structures, the laser surface treatment technology was used to treat the welding HAZ. In this study, the processing parameters of the laser surface treatment were optimized. According to our study, the laser quenching can increase the corrosion resistance property obviously. The laser surface treatment new technique has been used in the maintenance of the airplane structures, which has better application outlook.
Study on Technology of Extracting Potassium with Alkaline Hydrothermal Method
Authors: Wang Xin Zhi , Liu Wei , Chang Ming , Xu Shuang Jie , Song Jian Guo
Published: June 2012

In this thesis, potassium feldspar - NaOH reaction system under hydrothermal conditions was established. The aims of this research were to discuss comprehensively the factors affecting potassium dissolution rate of the system. The experimental result indicated: effect on the extracting rate of potassium, NaOH concentration > the reaction temperature > reaction time; The rate of extracting potassium can be up to 70% under the optimal conditions; XRD phase analysis of ore and slag filtering showed that NaOH additive destroyed the crystal structure of potassium feldspar, and formed a new phase.
Synthesis and Properties of a Series of Novel Cationic Fluoro Surfactants
Authors: Hu Ying Mo
Published: June 2012

N,N-dimethyl-N’-(2-trifluorometyl-1-pentafluoroethyl) perfluoropropenyl propane diamine (I) was prepared by the reaction of hexafluoropropene dimer and N,N-dimethyl propylene diamine with the molar ratio 1:1.0 at about 35oC for 8h, and the structure of I was identified by IR and NMR spectra. Then I reacted with bromoethlane, bromopropane, bromobutane, bromohexane, bromooctane and bromolaurane to get a series of quaternary ammonium cationic fluoro-surfactants, and their structures had been measured by means of IR and NMR spectra. The results show that the novel fluoro-containing quaternary ammoniums cationic surfactants have excellent surface tensions, such as 17.8, 22.9, 23.8, 21.5, 25.5 and 28.1mN/m; much low cmcs for 2.03, 1.98, 1.93, 1.83, 1.74 and 1.58mmol/L. And their Krafft points are below 0oC, show execllent water-soluble.
Enhanced Omnidirectional Optical Absorption in a Nanopatterned Silicon Thin Film for Photovoltaic Applications
Authors: Lu Hai , Xue Chun Hua , Chen Hong
Published: June 2012

We show that the optical absorption in thin-film photovoltaic cells can be enhanced by texturing the silicon absorbing layer into nanostructured array. The optical absorption of the proposed configuration is enhanced by 70% compared to a nonpatterned silicon thin film of the same thickness. Furthermore, the proposed silicon thin film PV cell has a good angle-independent response of up to 60°. The omnidirectional absorbance enhancement of the nanopatterned silicon thin film is attributed to its unusual light trapping mechanism and omnidirectional bandgap.
Energy Balance and Offgas Utilization of Ilmenite Smelting in a 30 MVA Direct Current Electric Arc Furnace
Authors: Han Feng Xia , Lei Ting , Zhou Lin
Published: June 2012

Energy balance and offgas utilization of ilmenite smelting in 30 MVA direct current electric arc furnace (DC furnace) of a Yunnan company were investigated to make sure safety production, and to save energy and reduce pollution. The total input energy in the DC furnace was 2,000 kWh per ton of ilmenite, in which 1,003.31 kWh per ton of ilmenite was used to carbothermic reduction and other energy was consumed as heatloss. Based on energy conservation, the whole system heatloss in physical production should be controlled at 1,000 kWh per ton of ilmenite. With high combustion heat, the offgas discharged from furnace after treatment could be used to ilmenite drying, anthracite drying, titanium slag drying, and casting ladle baking. The offgas design flow ranged from 5,000 to 8,000 Nm3/h with the mean of 6,500 Nm3/h. The combustion heat quantity of offgas in the plant was 82,160 MJ per hour, which could save 480,276.8 kWh of electrical energy per day, and thus lower carbon emission of the whole production line.
Experimental and Modeling Studies of Sorption of Tetracycline onto Zeolite in the Presence of Copper(II)
Authors: Huang Hong , Zou Yan Li , Li Ya Nan
Published: June 2012

The sorption performance of tetracycline on zeolite under different conditions was investigated in presence and absence of Cu(Ⅱ).The presence of Cu(Ⅱ) greatly increased the adsorption of tetracycline on zeolite. Adsorption kinetics and adsorption equilibrium isotherms were studied by conducting series of batch experiments. The kinetic analysis indicated that the pseudo-second-order kinetic model was well described the sorption equilibrium process of tetracycline onto zeolite in the presence and absence of Cu(Ⅱ), and intra-particle diffusion was not the only rate-limiting in the sorption process. The qmax value calculated from Langmuir model were 17.37 and 68.26 mg/g in the absence and the presence of Cu(Ⅱ). The value of E calculated from Dubinin-Radushkevich (D-R) model confirmed that the adsorption in the absence and presence of Cu(Ⅱ) were mainly controlled by physical combined with chemical adsorption mechanism. The tetracycline sorption amount decreased in the absence of Cu(Ⅱ) and increased in the presence of Cu(Ⅱ) as the pH increasing. The adsorption removal rate of wastewater containing 0.1 mmol/L tetracycline was 95.5% in the presence of Cu(Ⅱ) and 34.5% in the absence of Cu(Ⅱ) when the dosage of zeolite was 0.05g.
Hydrothermal Synthesis and Characterization of Zr-Pillared Montmorillonite for MTO
Authors: Chen Shu Fang , Zhong Ding Tong , Wei Zhao Ni , Lin Cheng
Published: June 2012

Zr-pillared Montmorillonites (Zr-PILM) were prepared by the hydrothermal method with montmorillonite as raw material and zirconium oxychloride as Zr source of pillaring agent. The properties of the samples were characterized by XRD,BET, SEM, TEM, XPS. Effects of the synthesizing conditions on the structures of Zr-PILM were investigated. The results indicate that Zr-PILM retains complete layered and sheeting structure, and its BET surface area and micropore volume increases greatly. ZrO2 exists in Zr - PILM layers.The catalytic reaction result of MTO shows that Zr-PILM has high catalytic activities for MTO reaction.
Research on Enzymological Characteristics of Moulds from Distiller's Yeast
Authors: Song Bei , Wang Ji Hua , Peng Li Jie , Cui Di , Wang Ying Ning
Published: June 2012

The experiment has studied the enzymological characteristics of 5 moulds isolated from the distillery yeast, which determined the best condition of culture for the production of saccharifying enzyme and liquifying enzyme. The result has shown that the activity of saccharifying enzyme and liquifying enzyme is higher when the culture time is 5d and when the pH is 5.8. The best pH action ranges from 5.2~7.0; The activity begins to fall when the content of alcohol in the culture solution is more than 60%. The activity of saccharifying enzyme and liquifying enzyme of the 5 moulds changes as the time of culture differs. The longest time of the culture of enzyme is 3~5 d. The pH when the activity of saccharifying enzyme and liquifying enzymeranges of the five moulds is highest ranges from 5.2~7.0 , and it will fall when the pH is meta-acid or meta soda. It’s predited that the activity of enzyme will lose when meta-acid or meta-soda.
Research on Mass Transfer Coefficient Measurement Model of External-Loop Airlift Reactor
Authors: Wu Qian , Liu Ma Lin , Zhang Tong Wang
Published: June 2012

A mathematical model considering the inter-phase mass transfer both in the down-comer and the riser of an external-loop airlift reactor was established in this paper. The calculated global volumetric mass transfer coefficient based on the assumption of continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) was different from the local volumetric mass transfer coefficients by the newly proposed mathematical model and the difference was discussed. The effects of mass transfer in the down-comer, the hydrodynamic pressure and the experimental time on the mass transfer coefficient measurement model have been studied in detail. And it was also proved that only the global volumetric mass transfer coefficient, but not the local volumetric mass coefficient, can be obtained from a time-concentration curve in the external-loop airlift reactor.
Silver Ion Modified Anionic Surfactant Templated Mesoporous Silica Adsorption Materials for the Removal of Dimethyl Sulfide at Ambient Temperature
Authors: Zhang Xiao Dan , Hu Zhui Hui , Zhang Dong Hui
Published: June 2012

Silver ion modified mesoporous silica (Ag-AMS-2) was prepared by using N-lauroyl-L-glutamic acid as structure directing agents and applied to dimethly sulfide (DMS) removal at ambient temperatures. The silver ion interacted with the amino group through coordination bonds and then the silver ion were as the adsorptive sites of the DMS. These Ag-AMS-2 materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), nitrogen adsorption desorption, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), thermal analysis and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). The performance of these Ag-AMS-2 materials as DMS adsorbents was tested using a dynamic breakthrough test. And these samples showed high removal efficiency and high saturation adsorption capacity of DMS.
Study of Preparation Metallocene Based LLDPE Extra-Fibers by Melt Electrospinning Process
Authors: Zhao Na , Liu Tai Qi , Liu Rui Xue
Published: June 2012

In this paper, metallocene based LLDPE (mLLDPE) extra-fine fiber , which can not be processed by a common solution electrospinning method.was successfully prepared via a melt electrospinning method. First, a self-designed melt electrospinning device was manufctured and it was used to produce mLLDPE fibers . Then LLDPE extra-fine fiber was successfully prepared by addition of viscosity-reducing additive such as wax, and the resulted fiber was charctered by SEM. Last, the optimal parameters for the preparation of mLLDPE fiber was determined. The experimental results show that commercial mLLDPE can hardly be processed to fibers because of its high viscosity. The diameter and morphology of resulted mLLDPE electrospun fibers depend on the electrospinning parameters such as electric field strength and collecting distance.
Study on Factors Influencing the Viscosity of Polyacrylamide Solution
Authors: Wang Yan , Su Bao Wei , Gao Xue Li
Published: June 2012

Polyacrylamide (PAM) is an important polymer for oilfield flooding. The viscosity of PAM solution is very significant for polymer flooding to enhance oil recovery. The main factors which influence viscosity of PAM solution including polymer concentration, temperature, stirring rate, TDS and divalent cation ions were studied. The results showed that high stirring rate will reduce the viscosity of PAM solution; and the viscosity decreases gradually with temperature increasing; TDS and divalent cation ions also affect the viscosity of polymer solution greatly, the viscosity loss is more than 3% with the TDS increases by 1000 mg/L under the same concentration of divalent cation ions; the viscosity loss is around 20% with the concentration of divalent cation ions increase by 100 mg/L.
Synthesis and Characterization of TiO2/ PSt/PVP Multilayer Core-Shell Hybrid Microspheres
Authors: Guo Li Ying
Published: June 2012

Multiplayer core-shell TiO2/PSt/PVP hybrid microspheres were successfully synthesized by the copolymerization of vinylpyrrolidone in the solution of ethyl acetate with TiO2/PSt core-shell hybrid microspheres which were formed through the encapsulation of KH570-g-TiO2 sol particles with styrene, while the active KH570-g-TiO2 sol particles were prepared by the hydrolysis condensation of KH-570 with tetrabutyl titanate. Characterization technologies of FT-IR and TGA were applied to investigate the structure and the thermal stability of the product. The results showed that the hydroxyl groups from the hydrolysis of KH-570 condensed with the surface hydroxyl groups of TiO2, as well as PSt and PVP were grafted successively onto the surface of KH570-g-TiO2 sol particles. The thermal decomposition temperature of TiO2/PSt/PVP was higher than TiO2/PSt, which also indicated that the obtained product was the final objective product.
The Engineering Application of CO2 Capture by Chemical Absorption in China
Authors: Wang Jin , Li Min , Yan Wei Heng
Published: June 2012

With the increasing concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere, climate change has been prominent and brought a series of disasters to human being. In China, the important aspect to control CO2 concentration is to decrease its emission of coal-fuel power plant. The engineering application of chemical absorption technology and economic analysis of the Beijing Gao Bei-dian and the second unit of Shanghai Shi Dong-kou power plants built by China Hua Neng Electric Group is introduced. The achievements of CO2 engineering capture and the effort direction we will towards in the future is also summarized.
The Synthesis and Characterization of NiCo2O4 Nanoparticles
Authors: Zhao Hong Xiao , He Bao Ming , Li Jing , Jia Hui Min , Mi Li Wei
Published: June 2012

In this paper, NiCo2O4 nanoparticles were synthesized by three different methods. The applied preparation methods in this research are thermal decomposition of a mixed oxalate precursor, combustion synthesis and hydrothermal method. The crystalline phase, morphology and speciﬁc surface area (BET) of the resultant samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and nitrogen physical adsorption, respectively. The research found that the hydrothermal method is a promising method to prepare NiCo2O4 nanoparticles.
Sulfur Transfers from Pyrolysis and Gasification of Coal
Authors: Zhao Li Hong , Chu Xi Jie , Cheng Shao Juan
Published: June 2012

The sulfur transformation during pyrolysis and gasification of three kinds of coals was studied and the release of H2S and COS during the process was examined. During pyrolysis, besides the property of coal, reaction temperature is the most important factor that affects the sulfur removal. The main sulfur-containing gases is H2S, the ratio of sulfur-containing gases amount to total sulfur amount in coal reaches 25.8% for LS coal, 31.8% for YT coal and 13.1% for HJ coal, respectively. During CO2 gasification, compared with pyrolysis and steam gasification, there are more COS and less H2S formation, because CO could react with sulfide to form COS. During steam gasification, only H2S formation and no COS detected, because H2 has stronger reducibility to form H2S than CO. And the formation rate of sulfur during gasification is consistent with the gasification reactivity of three coal chars, indicated that coal rank is the major factor which affects the sulfur distribution during gasification.
Research on the Law of Disaster Caused by Transmission Line Galloping
Authors: Zhang Li Chun , Zhu Kuan Jun
Published: June 2012

Galloping is one of the gravely natural disasters witch put a significant threat to Grid security and stability. In this paper, a comprehensive, systematic research and analysis about transmission line galloping in China in recent years was done. Laws and characteristics of galloping disaster was analyzed in many aspects, including time and place that the galloping occurred, name of transmission line, voltage and structural parameters of line, meteorological data (air temperature, wind speed, ice, etc. ),the topography information where the transmission line located , the duration of galloping, and the destruction forms coursed by galloping. This work provides an important research reference not only for anti-galloping methods but enhancing the ability of withstanding natural disasters in Grid.
The Monitoring System of Soil GSHP and the Study in the Geothermal Field
Authors: Wang Qing Hua , Wang Le , Li Shou Sheng , Li Xiang Li
Published: June 2012

In this paper the monitor system of soil ground source heat pump (GSHP) unit is designed by using LabVIEW. Through automatic acquisition, the monitor system will accept the parameters, such as temperature, pressure of the fluid and so on to achieve the accurate data collection and data transmission .Meanwhile the soil temperature in the geothermal field will be also monitored in winter heating conditions. The results show that the soil temperature relates to the distance between the monitoring wells and the pipe center, the closer, the lower the temperature is; As time going, the soil temperature in geothermal reduces, but not obviously in a short time.
Modified Batch Authentication Protocol in Vehicle-to-Grid
Authors: Chen Jie , Zhang Yue Yu , Hu Yu Pu
Published: June 2012

Combined electric vehicles with smart grid, Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) resolve the problem of charging large-scale electric vehicles, and make vehicles as mobile and distributed storage unit accessing to smart grid. V2G requires more efficient authentication protocol to meet fast response and information processing in real-time. Batch authentication can provide large computational savings when several signatures are verified together, which is appropriate for aggregators to verify PHEVs/PEVs. This paper proposes a modified batch authentication protocol based on hybrid cryptography, which takes advantage of public key cryptology to identity authentication and transmit shared session key. Furthermore, the comparison and analysis of the modified with existing batch authentication in V2G are given.
Research on CAN Bus of Pure Electric Vehicles Based on SAEJ1939
Authors: Nan Jin Rui , Cui Shu Chao , Chai Zhi
Published: June 2012

The use of CAN bus network on electric vehicles is of great significance, it can not only greatly reduce the costs of electric vehicles, but also increase the driving distance of electric vehicles. The stability of CAN bus load rate and CAN network communication rate plays a vital role to the CAN network，by studying and making use of SAEJ1939, this paper develops a vehicle network topology, then through calculating the bit rate of transfer time to calculate the load rate, combined with using the software named CANoe from the Vector company in Germany to analyse and simulate the sending cycle of each CAN bus node on pure electric vehicles. In this way,this paper analyses the reasonableness of CAN network design of the vehicle body. Finally this paper applies the on-site verification to prove the reliability of simulation results. This study is based on SAEJ1939 agreement CAN2.0B, did not make a study for CAN2.0A, so there are limitations, the findings may not apply to CAN2.0A.
Research on Stability Simulation for Four-Wheel Independent Steering Electric Vehicle
Authors: Deng Zhi Jun , Dong Zhu Rong
Published: June 2012

Handling dynamic model is established for the four-wheel independent steering electric vehicle (4WISEV) that has been developed by our research group. Handling dynamics simulation is conducted under Matlab environment with the parameters of the vehicle model, including the yaw rate, the lateral acceleration and the vehicle sideslip angle time domain and frequency domain characteristic simulation. Through analyzing the simulation results, it is indicated that, by adopting the feedforward control of the front steer angle and the feedback control of the yaw rate and vehicle speed which enable the vehicle sideslip angle to approximate zero, 4WISEV can effectively increase the handling stability of the vehicle and the tracking ability during steering process.
Rudder Controlling of Underwater Vehicle Using in Kuroshio
Authors: Pan Huang Hsing , Lee Po Chang , Lee Chuan Tsung , Yang Ray Yeng
Published: June 2012

In this paper, we investigate an underwater vehicle with two rudders suitable for working in Kuroshio near the eastern Taiwan, where the flow field of ocean current is less than 1.0m/sec. Lift and drag forces of the underwater vehicle submerged in the sea were calculated at different attack of angles and rudders by using finite element method. An on-site experiment with a prototype vehicle was also conducted located on Hsinta Fishing Harbor. Results show that lift force for the rudder of prototype vehicle near the sea surface is only 60% of theoretical calculations. To reduce the turbulence effect, the position of rudders in the front and the rear for the underwater vehicle should not be at the same level. Drag forces increase tremendously with increasing attack of angles compared with the effect of rudder’s quantity. The power-free underwater vehicle has been built and controlled steadily at 0.6~0.7m/sec flow velocity, suitable for carrying generators in Kuroshio.
Research on Embedded Sun-Tracking Control System Based on GPS
Authors: Zhen Cheng Gang , Lu Guo Jie
Published: June 2012

To improve the efficiency of the power generation，the scheme of the solar tracking system is designed by analyzing the technical characteristics of the GPS positioning system. The microcontroller is chosen as the core which has realized the initiative sun-tracking to improve the efficiency of the power generation. The solar elevation angle and azimuth are calculated by extracting the GPS real-time datas. The position of the solar panels can be obtained through the angle sensor. Finally, adjust the orientation of the panels by the driving stepping motor to track the sun.
Thermostatic Control for Series Hydraulic Hybrid Vehicle (SHHV) Energy Management
Authors: Li Ding Gen , Feng Dai Wei
Published: June 2012

The main contributions of this paper are the development of forward-facing model of a series hydraulic hybrid vehicle (SHHV) power-train for medium size trucks, of which the fundamental architecture is described, together with dynamic equations and basic features of subsystem modules. A thermostatic SoC supervisory power management control algorithm is assessed, with the expectation that series configuration would maximize the fuel economy as engine is decoupled from the wheels. Simulation results over the urban driving cycle represent a significant departure from the conventional wisdom of operating the engine near its sweet spot and indicate what is preferred from the system stand-point, and also demonstrate the potential of the selected hybrid system to substantially improve vehicle fuel economy.
Study of Microminiature Autonomous Underwater Vehicle Hull Form Based on CFD Technique
Authors: Shen Hai Long , Du Mo , Su Yu Min
Published: June 2012

Based on CFD technique，this paper discusses the applicability of different turbulence models and mesh partition method which are used to predict the hydrodynamic performance of AUV. Firstly, the hydrodynamic performance prediction method was gotten and was validated, and three different shapes autonomous underwater vehicles were designed. The hydrodynamic performances of the three autonomous underwater vehicles were predicted. Then, the advantage and disadvantage of the four autonomous underwater vehicles were obtained by comparing the resistance and pressure distribution. Based on these, two other AUV hulls were designed which combined the advantages of them, and the hydrodynamic performance was predicted. The calculation results showed that the resistance and hull pressure distribution were improved remarkably comparing with the parent model. The resistance coefficient of optimized hull is reduced by 20% compared to the parent hull.