bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Medication optimisation in severe mental illness (MEDIATE): protocol for a realist review
Authors: Maidment Ian , Wong Geoff , Duddy Claire , Upthegrove Rachel , Oduola Sherifat , Allen Katherine , Jacklin Simon , Howe Jo , MacPhee Maura
Published: January 2022

Introduction

Severe mental illness (SMI) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. People living with SMI often receive complex medication regimens. Optimising these regimens can be challenging. Non-adherence is common and addressing it requires a collaborative approach to decision making. MEDIATE uses a realist approach with extensive engagement with experts-by-experience to make sense of the complexities and identify potential solutions.

Realist research is used to unpack and explain complexity using programme theory/theories that contain causal explanations of outcomes, expressed as context–mechanism–outcome–configurations. The programme theory/theories will enable MEDIATE to address its aim of understanding what works, for whom, in what circumstances, to optimise medication use with people living with SMI.

Method and analysis

MEDIATE will be conducted over six stages. In stage 1, we will collaborate with our service user/family carer lived experience group (LEG) and practitioner stakeholder group (SG), to determine the focus. In stage 2, we will develop initial programme theories for what needs to be done, by whom, how and why, and in what contexts to optimise medication use. In stage 3, we will develop and run searches to identify secondary data to refine our initial programme theories.

Stage 4 involves selection and appraisal: documents will be screened by title, abstract/keywords and full text against inclusion and exclusion criteria. In stage 5, relevant data will extracted, recorded and coded. Data will be analysed using a realist logic with input from the LEG and SG. Finally, in stage 6, refined programme theories will be developed, identifying causal explanations for key outcomes and the strategies required to change contexts to trigger the key mechanisms that produce these outcomes.

Ethics and dissemination

Primary data will not be collected, and therefore, ethical approval is not required. MEDIATE will be disseminated via publications, conferences and form the basis for future grant applications.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42021280980.
More people more active, but there is a counter site. Novice athletes are at highest risk of injury in a large population-based retrospective cross-sectional study
Authors: Kemler Ellen , Valkenberg Huib , Verhagen Evert
Published: January 2022

Objectives

To evaluate whether in fitness-related activities and recreational running over time, there is an increase in the number of novice sports athletes and whether these novice athletes have an increased injury rate compared with their experienced counterparts.

Methods

Data were collected from a large population-based retrospective cross-sectional study, ‘Injuries and Physical Activity in the Netherlands’ (IPAN). Athletes aged ≥18 years were included. We used descriptive statistics to describe the characteristics of athletes and their injuries. The number of athletes and injuries were calculated for each year and, where applicable, for each sport separately. The injury incidence rate was expressed as the number of injuries per 1000 hours of exposure. Logistic regression analyses were performed with non-extrapolated data to analyse the differences in injury risk for novice and experienced athletes included in this study, separate for fitness-related activities and running.

Results

Over the 5 years, 9209 fitness athletes reported 370 fitness-related injuries, 5426 runners reported 537 running-related injuries. Weighted data showed that, in 2010–2014, the inflow of novice fitness athletes slightly decreased, whereas the inflow of novice runners slightly increased. In each year, injury risk was higher in novice athletes compared with experienced athletes for both fitness-related activities and running. The injury incidence rates in running are much higher than in fitness-related activities.

Conclusions

Over the years 2010–2014, the absolute number of novice athletes in fitness-related activities and running together increased. Although most injuries occurred in experienced athletes, injury risk was higher in novice athletes in both sports.
Identification of liver disease: why and how
Authors: Macpherson Iain , Abeysekera Kushala W M , Harris Rebecca , Mansour Dina , McPherson Stuart , Rowe Ian , Rosenberg William , Dillon John F , Yeoman Andrew
Published: January 2022

Mortality from chronic liver disease (CLD) in the UK has increased by over 400% since 1970, driven by alcohol, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and hepatitis C virus, the natural histories of which can all be improved by early intervention. Patients often present with advanced disease, which would be preventable if diagnosed earlier and lifestyle change opportunities offered.

Liver function tests (LFTs) are very commonly measured. Approximately 20% are abnormal, yet the majority are not investigated according to guidelines. However, investigating all abnormal LFTs to identify early liver disease would overwhelm services. Recently, several diagnostic pathways have been implemented across the country; some focus on abnormal LFTs and some on stratifying at-risk populations.

This review will collate the evidence on the size of the problem and the challenges it poses. We will discuss the limitations and restrictions within systems that limit the responses available, review the current pathways being evaluated and piloted in the UK, and explore the arguments for and against LFT-based approaches and ‘case-finding strategies’ in the community diagnosis of liver disease. Furthermore, the role of fibrosis assessment methods (including scoring systems such as Fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) index, the enhanced liver fibrosis test and elastography) within these pathways will also be discussed.

In conclusion, this review aims to establish some principles which, if adopted, are likely to improve the diagnosis of advanced liver disease, and identify the areas of contention for further research, in order to establish the most effective community detection models of liver disease.
Improved prognosis and evidence of enhanced immunogenicity in tumor and circulation of high-risk melanoma patients with unknown primary
Authors: Tarhini Ahmad A , Lee Sandra J , Tan Aik-Choon , El Naqa Issam M , Stephen Hodi F , Butterfield Lisa H , LaFramboise William A , Storkus Walter J , Karunamurthy Arivarasan D , Conejo-Garcia Jose R , Hwu Patrick , Streicher Howard , Sondak Vernon K , Kirkwood John M
Published: January 2022

Background

Melanoma of unknown primary (MUP) represents a poorly understood group of patients both clinically and immunologically. We investigated differences in prognosis and candidate immune biomarkers in patients with unknown compared with those with known primary melanoma enrolled in the E1609 adjuvant trial that tested ipilimumab at 3 and 10 mg/kg vs high-dose interferon-alfa (HDI).

Patients and methods

MUP status was defined as initial presentation with cutaneous, nodal or distant metastasis without a known primary. Relapse-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) rates were estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method. Stratified (by stage) log-rank test was used to compare RFS and OS by primary tumor status. Gene expression profiling (GEP) was performed on the tumor biopsies of a subset of patients. Similarly, peripheral blood samples were tested for candidate soluble and cellular immune biomarkers.

Results

MUP cases represented 12.8% of the total population (N=1699) including 11.7% on the ipilimumab arms and 14.7% on the HDI arm. Stratifying by stage, RFS (p=0.001) and overall survival (OS) (p=0.009) showed outcomes significantly better for patients with unknown primary. The primary tumor status remained prognostically significant after adjusting for treatment and stage in multivariate Cox proportional hazards models. Including only ipilimumab-treated patients, RFS (p=0.005) and OS (p=0.023) were significantly better in favor of those with unknown primary. Among patients with GEP data (n=718; 102 MUP, 616 known), GEP identified pathways and genes related to autoimmunity, inflammation, immune cell infiltration and immune activation that were significantly enriched in the MUP tumors compared with known primaries. Further investigation into infiltrating immune cell types estimated significant enrichment with CD8 +and CD4+T cells, B cells and NK cells as well as significantly higher major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-I and MHC-II scores in MUP compared with known primary. Among patients tested for circulating biomarkers (n=321; 66 unknown and 255 known), patients with MUP had significantly higher circulating levels of IL-2R (p=0.04).

Conclusion

Patients with MUP and high-risk melanoma had significantly better prognosis and evidence of significantly enhanced immune activation within the TME and the circulation, supporting the designation of MUP as a distinct prognostic marker in patients with high-risk melanoma.
Clinical and imaging outcomes of cerebrospinal fluid-venous fistula embolization
Authors: Brinjikji Waleed , Garza Ivan , Whealy Mark , Kissoon Narayan , Atkinson John L D , Savastano Luis , Madhavan Ajay , Cutsforth-Gregory Jeremy
Published: January 2022

Background

We report outcomes of spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH) patients who underwent transvenous embolization of cerebrospinal fluid-venous fistulas (CSFVFs) confirmed on digital subtraction myelography (DSM) performed at our institution.

Methods

This is a retrospective evaluation of a prospectively collected database of SIH patients who underwent transvenous embolization of CSFVFs. Only patients who had fistulas confirmed on DSM performed at our institution were included. All patients had a baseline MRI and an MRI performed at least 90 days post-embolization, as well as clinical evaluation using the six item Headache Impact Test (HIT-6) and the Patient Global Impression of Change (PGIC) scales. Paired t-test was used to report changes in Bern MRI scores and HIT-6 scores at follow-up.

Results

40 patients were included (29 female, 11 male). Mean age was 57.4±10.3 years. Mean Bern score improved from 5.7±3.0 at baseline to 1.3±2.0 at follow-up (p<0.0001). Mean HIT-6 score at baseline was 67.2±11.1 and at follow-up was 41.5±10.1 (p<0.0001). Median PGIC was 1, with 36 patients (90.0%) reporting at least minimal improvement and 32 patients (82.5%) reporting much or very much improvement. Complications included persistent local site pain in 12 patients (30%), suspected rebound intracranial hypertension requiring medical intervention in 7 patients (17.5%), and asymptomatic tiny Onyx emboli to the lungs in 3 patients (7.5%).

Conclusions

Transvenous embolization of CSFVFs using Onyx is safe and effective, resulting in significant improvement in headache and overall clinical outcomes in nearly 90% of patients, and substantial improvements in brain MRI abnormalities.
Occupational risk factors for work disability following carpal tunnel syndrome: a pooled prospective study
Authors: Harris-Adamson Carisa , Eisen Ellen A , Kapellusch Jay , Hegmann Kurt T , Thiese Matthew S , Dale Ann-Marie , Evanoff Bradley , Meyers Alysha Rose , Bao Stephen , Gerr Fred , Krause Niklas , Rempel David
Published: January 2022

Background

Although recent studies have identified important risk factors associated with incident carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS), risk factors associated with its severity have not been well explored.

Objective

To examine the associations between personal, workplace psychosocial and biomechanical factors and incident work disability among workers with CTS.

Methods

Between 2001 and 2010 five research groups conducted coordinated prospective studies of CTS and related work disability among US workers from various industries. Workers with prevalent or incident CTS (N=372) were followed for up to 6.4 years. Incident work disability was measured as: (1) change in work pace or work quality, (2) lost time or (3) job change following the development of CTS. Psychosocial factors were assessed by questionnaire. Biomechanical exposures were assessed by observation and measurements and included force, repetition, duty cycle and posture. HRs were estimated using Cox models.

Results

Disability incidence rates per 100 person-years were 33.2 for changes in work pace or quality, 16.3 for lost time and 20.0 for job change. There was a near doubling of risk for job change among those in the upper tertile of the Hand Activity Level Scale (HR 2.17; 95% CI 1.17 to 4.01), total repetition rate (HR 1.75; 95% CI 1.02 to 3.02), % time spent in all hand exertions (HR 2.20; 95% CI 1.21 to 4.01) and a sixfold increase for high job strain. Sensitivity analyses indicated attenuation due to inclusion of the prevalent CTS cases.

Conclusion

Personal, biomechanical and psychosocial job factors predicted CTS-related disability. Results suggest that prevention of severe disability requires a reduction of both biomechanical and organisational work stressors.
Patients with presumed tuberculosis in sub-Saharan Africa that are not diagnosed with tuberculosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Jayasooriya Shamanthi , Dimambro-Denson Francesca , Beecroft Claire , Balen Julie , Awokola Babatunde , Mitchell Caroline , Kampmann Beate , Campbell Fiona , Dodd Pete , Mortimer Kevin
Published: January 2022

Background

Many patients in sub-Saharan Africa whom a diagnosis of tuberculosis is considered are subsequently not diagnosed with tuberculosis. The proportion of patients this represents, and their alternative diagnoses, have not previously been systematically reviewed.

Methods

We searched four databases from inception to 27 April 2020, without language restrictions. We included all adult pulmonary tuberculosis diagnostic studies from sub-Saharan Africa, excluding case series and inpatient studies. We extracted the proportion of patients with presumed tuberculosis subsequently not diagnosed with tuberculosis and any alternative diagnoses received. We conducted a random effects meta-analysis to obtain pooled estimates stratified by passive and active case finding.

Results

Our search identified 1799 studies, of which 18 studies (2002–2019) with 14 527 participants from 10 African countries were included. The proportion of patients with presumed tuberculosis subsequently not diagnosed with tuberculosis was 48.5% (95% CI 39.0 to 58.0) in passive and 92.8% (95% CI 85.0 to 96.7) in active case-finding studies. This proportion increased with declining numbers of clinically diagnosed tuberculosis cases. A history of tuberculosis was documented in 55% of studies, with just five out of 18 reporting any alternative diagnoses.

Discussion

Nearly half of all patients with presumed tuberculosis in sub-Saharan Africa do not have a final diagnosis of active tuberculosis. This proportion may be higher when active case-finding strategies are used. Little is known about the healthcare needs of these patients. Research is required to better characterise these patient populations and plan health system solutions that meet their needs.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42018100004.
Tobacco company agreements with tobacco retailers for price discounts and prime placement of products and advertising: a scoping review
Authors: Reimold Alexandria E , Lee Joseph G L , Ribisl Kurt M
Published: January 2022

Objective

The objectives of this scoping review are to examine existing research on the often-secretive contracts between tobacco manufacturers and retailers, to identify contract requirements and incentives, and to assess the impact of contracts on the sales and marketing of tobacco products in the retail setting.

Data sources

The systematic search was conducted in PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus, ProQuest Political Science Database, Business Source Premier, ProQuest Agricultural & Environmental Science Collection, and Global Health through December 2020.

Study selection

We included studies that collected and analysed empirical data related to tobacco contracts, tobacco manufacturers, and tobacco retailers. Two reviewers independently screened all 2786 studies, excluding 2694 titles and abstracts and 65 full texts resulting in 27 (0.97%) included studies.

Data extraction

Study characteristics, contract prevalence, contract requirements and incentives, and the influence of contracts on the retail environment were extracted from each study.

Data synthesis

We created an evidence table and conducted a narrative review of included studies.

Conclusions

Contracts are prevalent around the world and handsomely incentivise tobacco retailers in exchange for substantial manufacturer control of tobacco product availability, placement, pricing and promotion in the retail setting. Contracts allow tobacco companies to promote their products and undermine tobacco control efforts in the retail setting through discounted prices, promotions and highly visible placement of marketing materials and products. Policy recommendations include banning tobacco manufacturer contracts and retailer incentives along with more transparent reporting of contract incentives given to retailers.
MVPO Predictor: Deep Learning-Based Tumor Classification and Survival Prediction of Brain Tumor Patients with MRI Using Multi-Verse Political Optimizer
Authors: Rajeswari R. , Neelima G. , Maram Balajee , Angadi Anupama
Published: January 2022

Brain tumor is a severe nervous disorder that causes damage to health and often leads to death. Therefore, it is significant to classify the brain tumor at an early stage as it increases the survival rate of patients. One of the commonly employed imaging modalities for brain tumor classification is Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). However, it is relatively complex to perform the brain tumor classification process due to the variations of type, shape, size and tumor location. To overcome such issues and classify the tumor more accurately, a deep learning classifier named Deep Maxout network is developed to classify the tumor into different grades. Based on the classification result, the features connected with the tumor grades are effectively acquired to make the survival prediction process. Deep learning is an effective and robust classifier model employed to perform the tumor classification or detection process with the MRI modality. Here, the survival prediction of tumor patients is carried out by the Deep Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) classifier. Accordingly, the proposed method achieved higher performance using accuracy, sensitivity, specificity and prediction error with the values of 0.9434, 0.9324, 0.9202 and 0.0579.
Confidentiality and Integrity Schemes for Multicore Shared Memory Systems
Authors: Yang Pengfei , Lv Wenkai , Huang Jiayang , Wang Quan , Huang Xiaokun , Xie Kun
Published: January 2022

In embedded multicore shared memory systems, processing elements (PEs) are mutually untrusted since they carry different computing tasks independently. Therefore, the sharing of secret constants (SCs) between PEs, which is applied in the existing confidentiality protection schemes, will lead to the leakage of nonshared data. Besides, for integrity protection, tree construction checking over the whole counter space leads to the increase of both memory occupation and the average delay of verification. In this paper, we propose a ciphertext sharing confidentiality protection scheme based on certificateless proxy re-encryption and an integrity protection scheme based on a multigranularity scalable hash tree for secure data sharing between untrusted processing elements (SDSUP). With our schemes, the SC does not need to be shared and the scale of the checking tree is reduced, thus solving the leakage of nonshared data and reducing the high cost in integrity check. The results from the Rice Simulator for ILP Multiprocessors (RSIM) multicore simulator show that compared with the unprotected system, the performance degradation from applying the confidentiality protection scheme is 17.3% on average. Moreover, the performance degradation of the integrity protection scheme is 12.89%, which is superior to 35.36% for the bonsai Merkle tree (BMT), 29.49% for the multigrained hash tree (MGT) and 21.82% for the multigranularity incremental hash tree (MIT).
Meet ANIBOT: The First Biologically-Inspired Animal Robot
Authors: In Visarath , Kho Andy , Longhini Patrick , Neff Joseph D. , Palacios Antonio , Buono Pietro-Luciano
Published: January 2022

We present the first circuit realization of an animal (quadruped) robot controlled by a Central Pattern Generator (CPG) network of neurons, whose model and design are biologically-inspired [Golubitsky et al., 1998, 1999]. We demonstrate, through hardware simulations of the CPG network and through video snapshots, that our electronic CPG and our animal robot can indeed reproduce, via symmetry-breaking Hopf bifurcations, all primary gaits — walk, jump, trot, bound, pace, and pronk — just as they were originally predicted by theory. The design and development of the circuit realization are discussed in great detail.
Transition of Chimera States and Synchronization in Two-Layer Networks of Coupled Hindmarsh–Rose Neurons
Authors: Yuan Yuanyuan , Han Fang , Zhu Qinghua , Lu Wenlian
Published: January 2022

The present work focuses on the existence of chimera states in two-layer networks of locally, nonlocally, and globally coupled Hindmarsh–Rose neurons. We show that chimera states occur in all three coupled neuronal networks by changing synaptic coupling strength and the number of coupled neighbors, and traveling chimera state exists in networks by using local and nonlocal couplings. Particularly, we find that in the nonlocally coupled network, there exist regions of coherent state, which can produce a wave such that the period becomes longer with the increase of the number of coupled neighbors. Interestingly, we observe a new chimera state with the coexistence of interlayer synchronous and asynchronous chimera states, which we named as the interlayer semi-synchronous chimera state. In addition, the results indicate that the interaction between layers in neuronal networks can induce different types of chimera states and firing patterns, which could be useful to control neural firing patterns and deepen the understanding of neuronal evolution where coherent and incoherent dynamics coexist.
A Sensitive Image Encryption Algorithm Based on a Higher-Dimensional Chaotic Map and Steganography
Authors: Liu Jinyuan , Wang Yong , Han Qi , Gao Jerry
Published: January 2022

Chaotic maps have been widely used in image encryption due to their complexity, pseudorandomness and high sensitivity to initial values. In this paper, an image encryption algorithm based on a 4D chaotic map and steganography is proposed. The algorithm consists of two rounds of encryption and one operation of embedding hash. In the first round of encryption, the hash value of plaintext image is used to control the generation of chaotic sequences, which makes the encryption algorithm highly relevant to the content of the image. Then, the hash value is embedded into the intermediate image according to the idea of steganography. In the second round of encryption, the image is encrypted under the control of another set of chaotic sequences to hide the hash value and further enhance the security of the algorithm. Different from other algorithms, our algorithm does not need to additionally transmit the hash value to the decryptor through a special channel. It has good availability and adaptability. Experimental results and security analysis demonstrate that the algorithm has high security performance and can resist various attacks.
Nonlinear Dynamics and Bifurcation Analysis of a Hinged-Clamped Beam Under Parametric and Internal Resonances
Authors: Sahoo Bamadev
Published: January 2022

The present study examines the stability and bifurcation of axially moving hinged-clamped beams subjected to parametric excitation originating due to speed alterations. Attention is paid to the principal parametric resonance amid 3:1 internal resonance in the subcritical speed regime. The direct method of multiple scales is applied to predict the nonlinear behavior of the beam modeled in the form of the nonlinear integro-partial differential equation. A continuation algorithm is used to solve numerical examples to illustrate the stability and bifurcations of periodic solutions for the given set of system parameters. The fixed point solution is different for different modes. Three kinds of equilibrium solution curves like trivial, two-mode, and single-mode solutions are obtained from numerical computations. The first two kinds are available for both first and second modes while the third one is available for the second mode only. The introduction of material damping converts the isolated two-mode solution into an isolated closed-loop form. The system displays saddle-node and Hopf bifurcation points in both modes while super and subcritical pitchfork bifurcation points in the second mode only. Decreasing viscous damping strengthens the effect of internal resonance. The numerically simulated results are unique, interesting, and are not available in the existing literature.
Multilayer Network-Based CNN Model for Emotion Recognition
Authors: Dang Wei-Dong , Lv Dong-Mei , Li Ru-Mei , Rui Lin-Ge , Yang Zhuo-Yi , Ma Chao , Gao Zhong-Ke
Published: January 2022

Human emotions are an important part in daily life. In this paper, a novel multilayer network-based convolutional neural network (CNN) model is proposed for emotion recognition, from multi-channel nonlinear EEG signals. Firstly, in response to the multi-rhythm properties of brain, a multilayer brain network with five rhythm-based layers are derived, where each layer can pertinently describe one specific frequency band. Subsequently, a novel CNN model is carefully designed, which uses the multilayer brain network as input and allows deep learning of the classifiable nonlinear features from the channel and frequency views. Moreover, one DenseNet model is developed as another branch to study time-domain nonlinear features from the EEG signals. All the learned features are eventually concatenated together for emotion recognition. Publicly available SEED dataset is used to test the proposed method, and it shows good results on all 15 subjects, with average accuracy of 91.31%. Our method builds a bridge between the multilayer network and deep learning, suggesting an effective approach for analyzing multivariate nonlinear time series, especially multi-channel EEG signals.
Orthogonal Polynomials-Ritz Method for Dynamic Response of Functionally Graded Porous Plates Using FSDT
Authors: Yu C. , Meng Z. , Zhang X. , Li S. , Xu W. , Chiu C.
Published: January 2022

This work focuses on the dynamic response of the functionally graded porous (FGP) plates. To construct the FGP plate model, the material-distributed profiles of the FGP plates are given first. In addition, the relations between the stress and strain are given by means of the first-order shear deformation theory (FSDT). Furthermore, the boundary conditions are defined based on the virtual spring technique. Moreover, the third kind of Chebyshev orthogonal polynomials are employed to construct the displacement components of the FGP plate, and the energy expressions of the FGP plate are constructed and then changed into the Lagrange equation form. Ultimately, the FGP plate energy expressions are solved by means of the Rayleigh–Ritz method. On this basis, the verification of the proposed method is conducted, and then, a series of investigations are given with respect to diverse influence factors.
(2 + 1)-dimensional f(R) gravity solutions via Hojman symmetry
Authors: Darabi F. , Golmohammadi M. , Rezaei-Aghdam A.
Published: January 2022

In this paper, we use the Hojman symmetry approach to find new [Formula: see text]-dimensional [Formula: see text] gravity solutions, in comparison to Noether symmetry approach. In the special case of Hojman symmetry vector [Formula: see text], we recover [Formula: see text]-dimensional Bañados–Teitelboim–Zanelli (BTZ) black hole and generalized [Formula: see text]-dimensional BTZ black hole solutions, obtained by Noether symmetry approach, and the interesting point is that the cosmological constant is appeared as the direct manifestation of Hojman symmetry.
Redox behavior of iridium octaethylporphycene and electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution
Authors: Zhang Zhi , Koide Taro , Zhou Zihan , Shimakoshi Hisashi , Hisaeda Yoshio
Published: January 2022

The electrochemical properties of [Formula: see text]-octaethylporphycene iridium complex (Ir-OEPo) were determined. Based on the electro-spectro measurement results, the reduction of Ir-OEPo did not occur at the central metal but at the ligand, while the reduction of [Formula: see text]-octaethylporphyrin iridium complex (Ir-OEPor) occurred at the central iridium. A catalytic current was observed during the cyclic voltammetry (CV) measurements with trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) under a reductive condition, indicating the catalytic reactivity of Ir-OEPo for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). By constant potential electrolysis, hydrogen gas was detected by gas chromatography (GC) and the catalytic reactivity of Ir-OEPo was confirmed. The HER mechanism via ligand reduction of macrocyclic aromatic complexes could be one of the concepts for the development of new catalysts.
On 3-degree 4-chordal graphs
Authors: Aggarwal Devarshi , Kumar R. Mahendra , Sadagopan N.
Published: January 2022

A graph [Formula: see text] is a 3-degree 4-chordal graph if every cycle of length at least five has a chord and the degree of each vertex is at most three. In this paper, we investigate the structure of 3-degree 4-chordal graphs, which is a subclass of 3-degree graphs. We present a structural characterization based on minimal vertex separators and bi-connected components. Many classical problems are known to be NP-complete for 3-degree graphs, and 3-degree 4-chordal graphs are a nontrivial subclass of 3-degree graphs. Using our structural results, we present polynomial-time algorithms for many classical problems which are grouped into (i) subset problems (vertex cover and its variants, feedback vertex set, Steiner tree), (ii) Hamiltonicity and its variants, (iii) graph embedding problems (treewidth, minimum fill-in), and (iv) Coloring problems(rainbow coloring).
Reimagining chess with AlphaZero
Authors: Tomašev Nenad , Paquet Ulrich , Hassabis Demis , Kramnik Vladimir
Published: January 2022

AI is driving the next evolution of chess, giving players a glimpse into the game's future.
How topic novelty impacts the effectiveness of news veracity interventions
Authors: Nevo Dorit , Horne Benjamin D.
Published: January 2022

Can algorithmic advice override preconceived notions and the believability of fake news?
A brave new world of mediated online discourse
Authors: Prem Erich
Published: January 2022

Is artificial intelligence up to the task of managing online discourse in social networks?
Agent invisible
Authors: Clegg Brian
Published: January 2022

From the intersection of computational science and technological speculation, with boundaries limited only by our ability to imagine what could be.

FBI agents Saskia Lipcott and Dinah Carter are forced to deal with Dupin, the agency's rogue crime-fighting computer that is out to get them.
Virtual duplicates
Authors: Savage Neil
Published: January 2022

Digital twins aim to model reality so we can see how it changes.
Max Flows in Planar Graphs with Vertex Capacities
Authors: Wang Yipu
Published: January 2022

We consider the maximum flow problem in directed planar graphs with capacities on both vertices and arcs and with multiple sources and sinks. We present three algorithms when the capacities are integers. The first algorithm runs in
O
(
min
{
k
2
n
,
n
log
3
n
+
kn
}) time when all capacities are bounded by a constant, where
n
is the number of vertices in the graph, and
k
is the number of terminals. This algorithm is the first to solve the vertex-disjoint paths problem in linear time when
k
is fixed but larger than 2. The second algorithm runs in
O
(
k
5
Δ
n
polylog (
nU
)) time, where each arc capacity and finite vertex capacity is bounded by
U
, and Δ is the maximum degree of the graph. Finally, when
k
= 3, we present an algorithm that runs in
O
(
n
log
n
) time; this algorithm works even when the capacities are arbitrary reals. Our algorithms improve on the fastest previously known algorithms when
k
and Δ are fixed and
U
is bounded by a polynomial in
n
. Prior to this result, the fastest algorithms ran in
O
(
n

4/3+
o
(1)

) time for unit capacities; in the smallest of
O
(
n
3/2
log
n
log
U
), Õ(
n
10/7
U
1/7
),
O
(
n
11/8+o(1)
U
1/4
), and
O
(
n
4/3 + o(1)
U
1/3
) time for integer capacities; and in
O
(
n
2
/log
n
) time for real capacities, even when
k
= 3.
I unplugged what?
Authors: Neville-Neil George
Published: January 2022

The lessons here are broader than just a simple "Don't do that."
Pathogenesis of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Derakhshan Fatemeh , Reis-Filho Jorge S.
Published: January 2022

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) encompasses a heterogeneous group of fundamentally different diseases with different histologic, genomic, and immunologic profiles, which are aggregated under this term because of their lack of estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 expression. Massively parallel sequencing and other omics technologies have demonstrated the level of heterogeneity in TNBCs and shed light into the pathogenesis of this therapeutically challenging entity in breast cancer. In this review, we discuss the histologic and molecular classifications of TNBC, the genomic alterations these different tumor types harbor, and the potential impact of these alterations on the pathogenesis of these tumors. We also explore the role of the tumor microenvironment in the biology of TNBCs and its potential impact on therapeutic response. Dissecting the biology and understanding the therapeutic dependencies of each TNBC subtype will be essential to delivering on the promise of precision medicine for patients with triple-negative disease.
State of the Art of Lithium-Ion Pouch Cells in Automotive Applications: Cell Teardown and Characterization
Authors: Günter F. J. , Wassiliadis N.
Published: January 2022

A large-format pouch cell with a nominal capacity of 78 Ah from the Volkswagen ID.3 was disassembled and analyzed to characterize the state of the art of industrial-scale cells in automotive applications. The cell components were separated from each other, geometrically measured, and weighed to quantify the volume and weight fractions from electrode to cell level. Material samples from the electrodes were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), elemental analysis, and mercury porosimetry. Half cells were built post mortem and assessed in electrochemical tests. The results revealed a stacked cell of laminated electrode layers. The cathode showed a bi-modal particle distribution and its active material ranged with LiNi0.65Mn0.2Co0.15O2 in between NMC622 and NMC811. Silicon-free graphite was used as the anode active material. Over 75% of the cell mass and over 81% of the cell volume directly contribute with its active material to the specific energy of 268 Wh kg−1 and energy density of 674 Wh L−1 at cell level. 91% of the anode and 93% of the cathode were utilized in the pristine cell, respectively. In charge rate tests, the anode was identified as the limiting electrode. The results provide valuable insights into the state of the art of automotive lithium-ion batteries and serve as a reference for scientific research.
Effects of Deposition Potential and Temperature on Co(II) Reduction and Electrocrystallization for Preparing Nanocrystalline Co Coatings in Ethylene Glycol Solution
Authors: He Xinkuai , Yang Jingjing , Zou Qingtian , Hu Zhousi , Wu Luye
Published: January 2022

Based on cyclic voltammetry (CV) and chronoamperometry (CA) experiments, the effects of deposition potential and temperature on Co(II) reduction and electrocrystallization in ethylene glycol (EG) are reported. CV observations show that Co(II) reduction reaction is irreversible, and both the equilibrium potential and nucleation overpotential, η
nucleation, move to more positive values as the temperature is improved. The diffusion coefficient of Co(II) is 2.24 × 10−6 cm2 s−1 at 323 K and the activation energy for bulk diffusion (E
bd) of Co(II) is 22.03 ± 0.8 kJ mol−1. CA observations show that the Co electrocrystallization mechanism is a 3D nucleation and growth of a new phase under diffusion control. Its mechanism is an instantaneous regime at 323 K at various applied potentials, however, the mechanism changes from a progressive nucleation to an instantaneous nucleation at −1.10 V as the temperature increases. The cobalt nuclei are spherical microstructure, and these innumerable spherical crystal particles can align compactly to form many wirelike crystals bundles. XRD observation confirms the characteristic peak of crystalline Co with a preferred orientation direction and the average size of Co grains is 19 nm. It is also found that the Co coating thickness is affect by the potential and temperature.
Perfluoroinated Ionomer as an Artificial SEI for Silicon Nano-Flake Anode in LiTFSI/Tetraglyme Solvate Ionic Liquid
Authors: Haruta Masakazu , Konaga Hiroto , Doi Takayuki , Inaba Minoru
Published: January 2022

Cycle performance of silicon nano-flake powder (LeafPower® Si) anodes was improved by coating of perfluorosulfonic acid (PFSA) polymers (Nafion® and Aquivion®) as an artificial solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). The Si electrodes were coated with PFSA ionomer by addition of PFSA ionomer solution to aqueous slurry of the Si composite electrode. H+-type Nafion®-coated Si electrodes demonstrated improved capacity retentions and Coulombic efficiencies owing to the formation of a LiF-rich SEI composed of reductive decomposition products of Nafion®. The Nafion® coating suppressed the increase in polarization and the electrode swelling upon cycling because the LiF-rich SEI effectively suppressed electrolyte decomposition. Li+ and Cs+-type Nafion® and H+-type Aquivion®, which has a shorter side chain than Nafion®, provided similar positive effects on cycle performance of the Si electrodes. Furthermore, the Si electrodes achieved good cycleability up to 500 cycles owing to synergy effects of the Nafion® coating and an SEI-forming additive of fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC).
Determination of Glucose in Human Serum Using Background Subtraction of Cyclic Voltammetry of a Low Oxidation Peak at NiO Based Electrode
Authors: Dung Nguyen Quoc , Toan Tran Quoc , Sedthiphonh Serth , Truong Mai Xuan , Thi Hue Tran , Thi Ha Thanh Pham , Lam Tran Dai , Dung Dang Duc , Huy Nguyen Nhat , Thanh Dang Van
Published: January 2022

In this study, the background subtraction of cyclic voltammetry of a low oxidation peak at NiO based electrode is employed for the determination of glucose in human serum in 0.1 M NaOH medium with 2 linear ranges of 10 to 100 μM and 100 to 2000 μM with a detection limit of 2 μM and the sensitivities of 2942.2 and 754.2 μAcm−2mM−1, respectively. As a result, determining the glucose concentration in the real sample shows that this type of NiO-based sensor can be used in practice and approach to accurately determining the glucose concentration in human serum.
Phase Stability of Garnet Solid-Electrolyte Interfacing with Various Cathodes in All Solid-State Batteries
Authors: Yu Chan-Yeop , Choi Junbin , Han Jinhyup , Lee Eungje , Kim Jung-Hyun
Published: January 2022

Garnet-structured Li6.75La3Zr1.75Ta0.25O12 (LLZTO) is one of the most promising electrolyte materials for solid-state Li batteries (SS-LiB). The design and fabrication of a good cathode/electrolyte interface is an important criterion for the SS-LiB. In this work, we performed a systematic study on the impact of cathode crystal structure and chemical compositions on their chemical stabilities against the LLZTO at elevated temperatures, which are required for their adhesion during cell fabrication processes. X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Rietveld refinement analyses revealed the chemical stabilities of various cathode materials in contact with the LLZTO. While layered LiCoO2 cathode showed good stability in contact with LLZTO to 900 oC, LiNiO2 or Ni-rich LiNixMnyCo1-x-yO2 (NMC) cathodes suffered from the formation of La4NiLiO8 due to La-diffusion from LLZTO. Mn-rich LiMn2O4 spinel and layered LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 cathodes suffered from the formation of La2Zr2O7 due to Li-diffusion and production of Li2MnO3. As a result, LiNi0.6Mn0.2Co0.2O2, having an ideal balance of Ni/Mn/Co composition, or Li2MnO3 containing cathodes such as Li1.2Ni0.15Mn0.55Co0.1O2 were found to having excellent phase stability as the cathodes for LLZTO-based SS-LiBs.
Plasma Processing for Silicon-Based Integrated Circuits
Authors: Mathad G. S. , Hess D.W. , Meyyappan M.
Published: January 2022

During the last quarter century or so, plasma processing has become a critical industrial technology for the development and manufacture of semiconductor devices. Gaseous plasmas have been used for sputter and chemical vapor deposition of thin films, pattern transfer in mask fabrication, etching of thin films, resist stripping, surface modification and as an ion source in ion implantation. It is the most pervasive technology in the manufacture of silicon-based integrated circuits.
Bismuth Vanadate/Zinc Oxide Heterojunction Electrodes for High Solar Water-Splitting Efficiency at Low Bias Potential
Authors: Kim Kiwon , Moon Jun Hyuk
Published: January 2022

A photoanode exhibiting high water-splitting efficiency at low bias potential is essential for stand-alone water-splitting devices through a tandem system combined with a photovoltaic device. However, many previous studies employing a typical BiVO4/WO3 heterojunctions focused on water oxidation at the maximum thermodynamic water splitting potential, 1.23 V vs. the reversible hydrogen electrode (VRHE). Here, we suggest a strategy for high water oxidation efficiency at low potential using 3D BiVO4/ZnO heterojunction photoanodes. The BiVO4/ZnO heterojunction exhibits a lower onset potential compared to the commonly used WO3 heterojunction. Due to the 3D ordered structure, the BiVO4/ZnO achieves enhanced light harvesting efficiency and improve charge separation efficiency at low bias potential by ZnO heterojunction. As a result, the BiVO4/ZnO photoanode exhibits a water-splitting photocurrent density of 3.3 ± 0.2 mA /cm2 is obtained at 0.6 VRHE under 1 sun illumination.
Disruption of neuromedin B receptor improves mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation capacity in gastrocnemius muscle of female mice
Authors: Bento-Bernardes Thais , Rossetti Camila Lüdke , Borba Vieira de Andrade Cherley , Lopes de Souza Luana , Wilieman Cabral Marianna , Silva Monteiro de Paula Gabriela , Woyames Juliana , Jesus Oliveira Karen , Seixas da-Silva Wagner , Cabanelas Pazos-Moura Carmen
Published: January 2022

This study describes neuromedin B (NB) and NB receptor as new regulators of skeletal muscle mitochondrial function. The white skeletal muscle mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation capacity was increased by NB receptor genetic disruption in female mice. These findings may contribute to the resistance to diet-induced obesity, previously found in these mice, which requires future studies. Thus, investigations are necessary to clarify if blockade of NB receptor may be an approach to develop drugs to combat obesity.
Skeletal muscle transcriptome response to a bout of endurance exercise in physically active and sedentary older adults
Authors: Rubenstein Aliza B. , Hinkley J. Matthew , Nair Venugopalan D. , Nudelman German , Standley Robert A. , Yi Fanchao , Yu GongXin , Trappe Todd A. , Bamman Marcas M. , Trappe Scott W. , Sparks Lauren M. , Goodpaster Bret H. , Vega Rick B. , Sealfon Stuart C. , Zaslavsky Elena , Coen Paul M.
Published: January 2022

Muscle transcript signatures associated with oxidative capacity and immune cells underlie important phenotypic and clinical characteristics of older adults who are endurance trained or sedentary. Despite divergent phenotypes, the temporal transcriptional signatures in response to an acute bout of endurance exercise were largely similar among groups. These data provide new insight into the transcriptional programs of aging muscle and the beneficial effects of endurance exercise to promote healthy aging in older adults.
The Construction of the Evaluation Index for the Outgoing Auditing of the Natural Resource Assets of Local Leading Cadres Based on the Analytic Hierarchy Process
Authors: Xuan Jiali
Published: January 2022

As the foundation of human survival and development, natural resources affect every aspect of our lives, including life and health, financial security, and overall social security. This article describes building a system for valuing the assets of good NR in operation for local executives who employ analytic hierarchy process. Based on his bibliographic data, he has a deep understanding of the theoretical issues associated with the process of analytical hierarchy and the uncontrollable control of natural resource assets. In addition, he uses an analytic hierarchy process to create a system of metrics for the external management of local leaders’ NR and analyzes examples through the newly established metrics system. As a result, the current mayor of this case is more than the responsibility of the previous mayor. During the period, natural and environmental conditions improved, especially in the areas of water and air resources, which are more relevant than they are today.
Optimized Algorithm Analysis of Factors Affecting the Effectiveness of English Teaching under the New Curriculum Concept
Authors: Zhang Lu
Published: January 2022

The purpose is to explore the influencing factors in English teaching under the new curriculum concept. Teachers and students in a representative middle school in a city are taken as the research object. First, classroom observations are employed to have a preliminary understanding of the teaching mode of English reading. Then, a questionnaire survey is conducted to analyze teachers’ and students’ opinions about English reading education. Besides, some interviews are given to the teachers and the students for deep study. Subsequently, the results of the survey are analyzed to summarize the factors that affect the effectiveness of English reading education under the new curriculum concept. The results show that the influencing factors of the teaching effect include teachers, students, and teaching materials. Finally, the corresponding strategies are put forward in response to the relevant problems, and they have a positive effect on promoting the English teaching research. The research content provides a reference for middle school English teaching, solves the problems in English teaching, and makes a contribution to improving teachers’ teaching ability in the senior high school.
A New Two-Lane Lattice Model with the Consideration of the Driver’s Self-Anticipation Current Difference Effect
Authors: Zhao Min , Wan Jin , Qin Wenzhi , Huang Xin , Xu Zhipeng
Published: January 2022

To prevent traffic congestion, drivers always adjust the driving behavior with their driving information. By considering the self-anticipation effect and the optimal current difference effect on traffic flow stability, a novel two-lane lattice hydrodynamic model is proposed. Compared with Peng’s model, the linear stability analysis results reveal that the self-anticipation term can effectively enlarge the stable region on the phase diagram. Then, a reductive perturbation method is used to derive the mKdV equation describing traffic congestion near the critical point. Nonlinear analyses show that the traffic congestions can be effectively suppressed by taking the coefficient of lane-changing behaviors

γ

and the anticipation time

τ

into account. These results further indicate that the driver’s self-anticipation current difference effect can efficiently alleviate traffic jams. Furthermore, the numerical simulations with periodic boundary conditions also confirm the effectiveness of theoretical results.