bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Re-imagining identity through national narratives: The representational ethics of Israelites and Other(s) in Jubilees and Josephus’s Judean Antiquities
Authors: Cifers Carrie
Published: March 2023

This article brings the literary treasures of ancient Judea into conversation with the interdisciplinary fields of Narrative Ethics and Socio-Narratology while considering Jubilees and Josephus’s Judean Antiquities as participating in the etic genre of national history. This article interrogates the work that each of these narratives do to shape the collective identity of Hellenistic and Roman era Judeans and to shape Judean perceptions of their cultural Others. By analyzing Jubilees 30 and Antiquities 1.337–341 dialogically, this paper claims that Josephus’s re-narrativization of Judean history serves as a corrective to the Israelite representation in Jubilees. It is argued that representations in Jubilees promoted an impermeable boundary between Judeans and Others, with violence as a legitimized and valorized ethic of cross-cultural engagement, whereas Antiquities re-imagined a new future of more permeable boundaries and diplomatic negotiation for first-century C.E. Judeans by re-imagining their past through narrative. Dangerous representations of cultural Others, however, remained a part of the story.
Heavenly writing and the authority of rewritten scripture: Reevaluating explicit references to the Pentateuch in Jubilees
Authors: Klem Matthew J
Published: March 2023

Interpreters commonly designate two phrases in Jubilees, “the book of the first law” (6:22) and “the words of the law” (30:12), as explicit references to the already written Pentateuch that thus transparently acknowledge the historical context of its own production. However, these supposedly earthly writings are penned by the angel, and interpreters identifying them as already existing Torah seem to equivocate about whether they belong to an earthly or heavenly corpus. Supplementing the work of David Lambert, this article argues that the phrases can be coherently construed as references to heavenly writing, the archetype based on which Moses writes Torah. They therefore harmonize with the putative context of Sinai revelation, rather than compromising it. And the resulting absence of any explicit reference to the Pentateuch can be comprehended in light of Jubilees’s strategies for claiming authority. Determining the referents of these two phrases is consequential for our understanding of Mosaic pseudepigraphy more broadly.
Contrary to reason: Documentary film-making and alternative psychotherapies
Authors: O’Rawe Des
Published: March 2023

This article explores how post-war documentary film-makers negotiated complex social, formal, and autobiographical issues associated with representing mental illness and its treatments, and the extent to which their respective approaches helped to challenge conventional attitudes to alternative psychotherapies – especially within the context of advances in new documentary film-making technologies, alongside a wider culture of social activism. Focussing on A Look at Madness ( Regard sur la folie; Mario Ruspoli, 1962 , France) and Now Do You Get It Why I Am Crying? ( Begrijpt u nu waarom ik huil?; Louis van Gasteren, 1969 , Netherlands), the article discusses how the collaborative, democratic aims of cinéma direct coincided with the ethos of institutional psychotherapy, and compares this with the relations between the documentary form and the subject of LSD-assisted psychotherapeutic techniques in Van Gasteren's film.
Estimation of yield strength and elastic modulus of aerospace-grade aluminum 7075 composite reinforced with silicon carbide and graphite
Authors: Pandian Vasanthakumar , Kannan Sekar
Published: March 2023

This study aims to find a suitable theoretical model to estimate yield strength and elastic modulus of the AA7075 base cast and hybrid composite reinforced with silicon carbide and graphite (micron-sized) to attain high quality, high performance, and low-cost metal matrix composite. Compared to AA7075 base cast CM1 (AA7075 base cast) ultimate tensile strength, yield strength, and flexural strength of hybrid composite CM4 (AA7075 + 15 wt% SiC + 5 wt% Graphite), CM3 (AA7075 + 10 wt% SiC + 5 wt% Graphite), and CM2 (AA7075 + 5 wt% SiC + 5 wt% Graphite) increased (29%, 24%, and 19%), (36%, 35%, and 27%), and (19%, 13%, and 6%) respectively. Micro-mechanics contributed higher, followed by other strengthening mechanisms like load transfer, grain refinement, and thermal mismatch with respect to the volume fraction of the reinforcement particle in the aluminum metal matrix. In the yield strength model, Ramakrishnan-Modified Shear Lag-Mirza and Chen model, Li model, sum of contribution model, and proposed model estimated closer values. They agreed with experimental data at all values up to 7.34% of reinforcement volume fraction. In the elastic modulus model, Hashin-Shtrikman – average, upper, and lower bound and the proposed model estimated well and agreed with experimental data at lower and higher volume fractions of reinforcement.
Simulation analysis on vertical vehicle dynamics of three in-wheel motor drive configurations
Authors: Drexler David , Hou Zhi-chao
Published: March 2023

The hub-driven technology provides several remarkable benefits to overcome some of today’s challenges in electrification of the transport sector. Although there are advantages by using in-wheel motors, their application results in increased unsprung masses, which have a negative impact on ride comfort and road holding of the vehicle. A novel but unexplored concept to inhibit the negative effects of the wheel hub motor is the two-stage-suspension structure. To investigate this in-wheel motor design and to compare it with established concepts for reducing the negative effects of the unsprung masses, three full-vehicle models were established. The vehicle models are based on a two-stage-suspension structure, a design where the motor functions as a tuned mass damper and a conventional in-wheel motor design. The suspension parameters of the three in-wheel motor configurations were further optimized using a genetic algorithm with respect to several vertical vehicle performance parameters. Subsequently, the full-vehicle models of the in-wheel motor configurations were compared by simulation in numerous different driving situations regarding their vertical vehicle dynamics. The results demonstrate that the two-stage-suspension causes an increase of the pitching and vertical vehicle body acceleration in several driving conditions, while the acceleration of the motor in general and the roll acceleration of the vehicle body especially during cornering maneuvers can be reduced significantly.
Knowledge, attitudes and experience of physicians working in Chile toward the prescription of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP): A cross-national survey
Authors: Orozco-Chinome Javier E , Picón-Jaimes Yelson A , Lozada-Martinez Ivan D , Molina-Franky Jessica , Bolaño Romero Maria P , Acevedo-López Doménica
Published: March 2023

Background

Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) involves administering antiretroviral drugs to prevent human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in at-risk subjects. Chile is considered one of the countries with the highest number of new cases per year of HIV infections.

Methods

A nationwide cross-sectional study was carried out in Chile. A questionnaire of physicians' attitudes toward the prescription of PrEP was used.

Results

632 doctors responded correctly the survey. 58.5% ( n = 370) were women, and median age was 34 years (IQR 25–43). 55.4% ( n = 350) responded that they have never prescribed antiretrovirals for HIV-negative individuals to prevent HIV infection, and only 10.1% have prescribed PrEP. 60.8% ( n = 384) mentioned having informed about the possibility of using antiretroviral post-exposure prophylaxis in case of risky sexual activity. 76.3% ( n = 482) believed each institution should formulate internal protocols for administering these drugs, and 98.4% ( n = 622) stated that with the currently available evidence, PrEP should be suggested to cope with the HIV pandemic.

Conclusion

It was concluded that knowledge, attitudes and experience toward PrEP prescribing are variable and related to patient care. However, Chile has a marked tendency in favor of this therapy, which is similar to that reported in studies worldwide.
Prevalence of Syphilis in Pregnant Women Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) From South Africa Using a Molecular-Based Assay
Authors: Mabaso Nonkululeko , Ngobese Bongekile , Hassan Wail M , Abbai Nathlee
Published: March 2023

Background

Syphilis is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections (STIs), and it remains a significant public health concern, particularly in low-resource settings including sub-Saharan Africa. There are limited data on the prevalence of syphilis among pregnant women living with HIV in South Africa. This study determined the prevalence of syphilis infection in pregnant women living with HIV by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

Methods

This was a cross-sectional study that included 385 pregnant women living with HIV recruited from the antenatal clinic at the King Edward VIII Hospital in Durban, South Africa between October 2020 and April 2021. Treponema pallidum was detected using the Applied BiosystemsTM TaqMan® Assays from stored DNA samples extracted from vaginal swabs.

Results

The prevalence of syphilis was 5.2% (20/385). The overall median (Q1–Q3) age of the women was 30.0 years (25.0–36.0). Of the women who tested positive for syphilis, 60.0% had reported STI symptoms ( p = 0.030) and of those, 65.0% did not perceive themselves at risk of contracting STIs ( p = 0.019). Women who reported having STI symptoms were more likely to test positive for syphilis when compared to women who reported not having any STI symptoms (OR: 2.810; 95% CI 1.119–7.052; p = 0.028). Women who perceived themselves as being at risk of contracting STIs were less likely to test positive for syphilis when compared to women who did not perceive themselves at risk of contracting STIs (OR: 0.328; 95% CI 0.128–0.842; p = 0.020).

Conclusion

The study has indicated syphilis is prevalent among pregnant women living with HIV in Durban, South Africa however STI risk perception is low. Educational programs on STIs are essential among pregnant women attending antenatal care clinics in Durban.
Evaluating the Effectiveness of the Official and the Non-Official Social Media Brand Communication Methods on Egyptian Women’s Consumer-Based Brand Equity
Authors: Emam Sara
Published: March 2023

Companies communicate their brands with customers through social media, either officially through their official pages or non-officially through social media users’ Electronic Word of Mouth or brand-related content created by Social Media Influencers. This study evaluates the effectiveness of these three brand communication methods on consumer-based brand equity (CBBE), including brand awareness, brand image, brand attitude and purchase intention. The study further clarifies the most influential consumer and firm-related factors on Egyptian women’s behavioural intentions. It identifies the motives for following the official and non-official brand communication methods, interaction with brand posts and characteristics of the most followed social media influencers. A total of 400 Egyptian women answered an online/offline survey. Moreover, four focus group discussions were conducted. Based on the modified brand value chain model, the findings indicate that users’ eWOM is the most followed and influential brand communication method in Egyptian women’s purchase intention. Most Egyptian women are silent followers and prefer to follow younger influencers interested in fashion, sports, travelling and visiting new places. Egyptian women’s age, working status, past brand experience, real need to purchase, visuals of brand posts and peer pressure are the most influential firm-related and consumer-related variables on purchase intention.
An Exploration of Social Media Users’ Desires to Become Social Media Influencers
Authors: Fetter Sheldon , Coyne Paige , Monk Samantha , Woodruff Sarah J.
Published: March 2023

With increased social media (SM) use, users are becoming frequently more exposed to SM influencers. This study aimed to explore SM influencer aspirations among young adults, specifically investigating the desire and rationale to become a SM influencer. Moreover, aspirations of becoming a SM influencer were explored by perceptions of SM influencers and SM use. The sample included 769 young Canadians (aged 16–30) who were mainly women ( n = 599, 79%). Overall, 29 (4%) participants considered themselves to be SM influencers, whereas 579 (75%) participants reported that they wanted to ( maybe or yes) become a SM influencer. The top three reasons for wanting to be an influencer were money, the opportunity to try new products or services, and it’s fun work. In addition, having certain perceptions of SM influencers (e.g., knowing an influencer, or having been influenced) significantly predicted the desire to be a SM influencer ( p < 0.001). Moreover, certain SM usage patterns (e.g., time spent on SM) significantly predicted the desire to be a SM influencer ( p < 0.001). These findings could help researchers understand the impact of SM influencers on their followers and the potential reasons why SM users aspire to become SM influencers themselves.
Procedural and participatory ethics: community-based evaluation in practice
Authors: O’Connor Tony
Published: March 2023

This article argues that it can be beneficial for institution-based, procedural ethics review of evaluation design in the planning stage to be followed by community-based oversight of ethical issues in the field. Deferring to an institutional review board (IRB) for ethical assessment when a project is underway can be impractical for community-based projects that are designed to be responsive to local needs and interests, especially when community leaders expect to have a meaningful say in determining what is the right thing to do. This article discusses a 2-year project in New Zealand, where community leaders and the project funder formed a project steering group to, among other things, provide ethical oversight. Ethical issues that arose during the project and the steering group’s role in considering the most suitable response are discussed and linked to literature about participatory ethics.
Association of Fusion of the First Metatarsophalangeal Joint and Pes Planus Deformity Correction
Authors: Chapman James , Higginson Kieren , Singh Anjani , Sirikonda Siva , Molloy Andrew P. , Mason Lyndon
Published: March 2023

Background

There has been scant investigation on the relationship between the distal aspect of the medial longitudinal arch and pes planus deformity. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the reduction and stabilization of the distal aspect of the medial longitudinal arch through fusion of the first metatarsophalangeal joint (MTPJ) can subsequently improve pes planus deformity parameters. This could be useful in both further understanding the role of the distal medial longitudinal arch in patients with pes planus and planning operative intervention in patients with multifactorial medial longitudinal arch problems.

Methods:

A retrospective cohort study was undertaken between January 2011 and October 2021, including patients undergoing first MTPJ fusion with a pes planus deformity on weightbearing preoperative radiographs. These were compared to postoperative images, and multiple pes planus measurements were taken for comparison.

Results:

A total of 511 operations were identified for further analysis, with 48 feet meeting the inclusion criteria. There was a statistically significant reduction identified between the pre- and postoperative measurements of Meary angle (3.75 degrees, 95% CI 2.9-6.47 degrees) and talonavicular coverage angle (1.48 degrees, 95% CI 1.09-3.44 degrees). There was a statistically significant increase between the pre- and postoperative measurements of calcaneal pitch angle (2.32 degrees, 95% CI 0.24-4.41 degrees) and medial cuneiform height (1.25 mm, 95% CI 0.6-1.92 mm). Reduced intermetatarsal angle was significantly associated with an increase in first MTPJ angle postfusion. Many of the measurements made were found “almost perfectly” reproducible by the Landis and Koch description.

Conclusion:

Our results demonstrate that fusion of the first MTPJ is associated with improvement of medial longitudinal arch parameters of a pes planus deformity but not to levels considered to be clinically normal. Therefore, the distal aspect of the medial longitudinal arch could, to some degree, be a feature in the pes planus deformity etiology.

Level of Evidence:

Level III, retrospective case control study.
High-Fructose Diet Induces Cardiac Dysfunction via Macrophage Recruitment in Adult Mice
Authors: Wang Xiao , Xu Zuqing , Chang Rong , Zeng Changchun , Zhao Yanli
Published: March 2023

Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death globally, including cardiac fibrosis, myocardial infarction, cardiac hypertrophy, and heart failure. High fat/ fructose induces metabolic syndrome, hypertension and obesity, which contributes to cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis. Excessive fructose intake accelerates inflammation in different organs and tissues, and molecular and cellular mechanisms of organ and tissue injury have been demonstrated. However, the mechanisms of cardiac inflammation have not been fully documented in high-fructose diet. This study shows that there are significantly increased in cardiomyocytes size and relative wall thickness of LV in high-fructose fed adult mice. With echocardiographic analysis of cardiac function, the ejection fraction (EF%) and fractional shortening (FS%) are significantly reduced at 12 weeks after 60% high-fructose diet. The mRNA and protein levels of MCP-1 are notably increased in high-fructose treated HL-1 and primary cardiomyocyte respectively. Also, the increased protein level of MCP-1 has been detected in vivo mouse model after 12 weeks feeding, resulting in the production of pro-inflammatory makers, pro-fibrotic genes expression, and macrophage infiltration. These data demonstrate that high-fructose intake induces cardiac inflammation via macrophage recruitment in cardiomyocyte, which contributes to impair cardiac function.
Inaccuracies in Low Income Housing Geocodes: When and Why They Matter
Authors: Wilson Nicole E. , Hankinson Michael , Magazinnik Asya , Sands Melissa
Published: March 2023

Scholars across disciplines frequently employ data on housing developments subsidized by the National Low Income Housing Tax Credit (LIHTC). We find that the geographic coordinates for these developments, generated by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), are frequently inaccurate. Using both the population of data from California and a national sample, we find that HUD-provided geocodes are inaccurate nearly half the time while Google-generated geocodes are almost always more accurate. However, while Google’s geolocation is more likely to be accurate, when it is inaccurate, it deviates from the true location by a much greater distance than HUD. We therefore recommend that scholars use Google-generated geocodes for most research applications where the localized environment matters; however, in studies where observations are aggregated to a larger area, researchers may prefer to use HUD geocodes, which are more frequently inaccurate but typically by smaller distances.
The existence and uniqueness theorem for linear flexoelectricity and application to the Galerkin approximation
Authors: Deng Feng , Yu Wenshan , Liang Xu , Shen Shengping
Published: March 2023

Flexoelectricity represents the electric polarization response to strain gradient and is governed by a boundary value problem (BVP) of fourth-order partial differential equations (PDEs). Due to the complicities of the BVP, we are frequently prevented from searching for analytical formulas of solutions and have to make a detour to numerical approximations. The well-posedness of the BVP has not been rigorously confirmed yet, although it serves as the cornerstone of numerical methods for flexoelectricity. We address this issue by establishing a theorem indicating a unique solution to the electric Gibbs variational principle (EGVP) that is a weak form of the BVP. The theorem leads us to bear out the solvability and error-estimation formula for some Galerkin methods, e.g., the finite element method (FEM) and isogeometric analysis (IGA). The reliability of the numerical theory is further verified by numerical experiments of benchmark problem, where the convergence rate given by FEM results agrees well with that predicted by error-estimation formulas. This study confirms the well-posedness of the flexoelectric theory and further establishes computational flexoelectricity on rigorous mathematical foundations instead of numerical tests.
Miss. Diagnosis: A Systematic Review of ADHD in Adult Women
Authors: Attoe Darby E. , Climie Emma A.
Published: March 2023

Objective:

The aim of this review was to explore the impact of living with undiagnosed ADHD and adult diagnosis on women.

Method:

A systematic literature search was completed using three databases. Eight articles were considered relevant based on strict inclusion criteria. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the results of the articles.

Results:

Four key themes emerged: Impacts on social-emotional wellbeing, Difficult relationships, Lack of control, and Self-acceptance after diagnosis.

Conclusion:

This knowledge can be used to advance the understanding of ADHD in adult women and the implications for late diagnosis in women.
Tissue Shrinkage of Resected Specimens in Hirschsprung’s Disease: Why Pediatric Surgeons Think the Bowel Specimen was Longer Than Indicated in the Pathology Report
Authors: Gretser Steffen , Weber Katharina J. , Braun Yannick , Harter Patrick N. , Rolle Udo , McNally Janet , Gradhand Elise
Published: March 2023

Background:

Hirschsprung disease (HD) is an aganglionosis of variable length starting at the rectosigmoid colon with surgery as sole therapeutic option. The length of the resected bowel segment is a crucial information for the treating surgeons and influences the prognosis of the patient. It is often artificially altered due to post operative tissue shrinkage. The objective of this study is to quantify the extent tissue shrinkage of HD specimens.

Material and Methods:

Colorectal HD specimens were measured at the time of surgery and at the time of cut-up, either fresh or after formalin fixation and statistically analyzed.

Results:

Sixteen colorectal specimens were included. Following formalin fixation the specimen length decreased by 22.7% ( P < .001). Without formalin fixation the specimens shrank by an average of 24.9% ( P = .05). There was no significant difference in the extent of tissue shrinkage with or without formalin fixation ( P = .76).

Conclusion:

This study showed that there is significant tissue shrinkage in HD specimens. The 2 different cohorts revealed that tissue shrinkage is mostly caused by tissue retraction/alteration after organ removal but also to a lesser extent by fixation with formalin. Surgeons and (neuro-)pathologists should be aware of the sizeable shrinking artifact to avoid unnecessary confusion.
Strangled by His Nerves—Cervical Plexiform Neurofibroma With Infantile Spinal Neurofibromatosis: Case Report in a 14 Years Old Child
Authors: Tahiri Ilias , Bourial Abderrahim , Lahlou Wahib , Rghioui Mounir , Hajjij Amal , Bouzidi Abderrahmane Al , Zalagh Mohamed , Azhari Abdessamad El , Benariba Fouad
Published: March 2023

Background:

Neurofibromatoses are a rare group of autosomal dominant tumor suppressor phacomatoses syndromes. Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1 or Von Recklinghausen’s disease) is the most commonly found type of neurofibromatosis, and constitutes the most commonly found autosomal dominant disease of the nervous system.

Case presentation:

We report a case of a 14-year-old boy who reported a 3-year-history of a slowly enlarging right lateral cervical mass. He has a medical history of a progressive limping gait disorder with scoliotic attitude. MRI identified a dumb-bell shaped intradural right cervical process through right paravertebral gutter on C2 to C4, a second intradural dorsal mass with the same characteristics through left paravertebral gutter on D4 and D5 and a large tissue-like mass infiltrating the lumbosacral subcutaneous soft tissues. A Surgical excision of the cervical and lumbar masses was performed with a good outcome after surgical excision.

Conclusions:

This case illustrates the need for a collaboration of both neurological and head and neck surgeons in terms of managing difficulties related to a cervical neurofibroma. Benign plexiform neurofibromas are rapidly growing tumors, particularly in children and adolescents, which makes all the importance of early detection and appropriate treatment. Repeated interventions are usually needed in order to adapt and stabilize the tumors extension.
Social attention patterns of autistic and non-autistic adults when viewing real versus reel people
Authors: López Beatriz , Gregory Nicola Jean , Freeth Megan
Published: March 2023

Research consistently shows that autistic adults do not attend to faces as much as non-autistic adults. However, this conclusion is largely based on studies using pre-recorded videos or photographs as stimuli. In studies using real social scenarios, the evidence is not as clear. To explore the extent to which differences in findings relate to differences in the methodologies used across studies, we directly compared social attention of 32 autistic and 33 non-autistic adults when watching exactly the same video. However, half of the participants in each group were told simply to watch the video (Video condition), and the other half were led to believe they were watching a live webcam feed (‘Live’ condition). The results yielded no significant group differences in the ‘Live’ condition. However, significant group differences were found in the ‘Video’ condition. In this condition, non-autistic participants, but not autistic participants, showed a marked social bias towards faces. The findings highlight the importance of studying social attention combining different methods. Specifically, we argue that studies using pre-recorded footage and studies using real people tap into separate components contributing to social attention. One that is an innate, automatic component and one that is modulated by social norms.

Lay Abstract

Early research shows that autistic adults do not attend to faces as much as non-autistic adults. However, some recent studies where autistic people are placed in scenarios with real people reveal that they attend to faces as much as non-autistic people. This study compares attention to faces in two situations. In one, autistic and non-autistic adults watched a pre-recorded video. In the other, they watched what they thought were two people in a room in the same building, via a life webcam, when in fact exactly the same video in two situations. We report the results of 32 autistic adults and 33 non-autistic adults. The results showed that autistic adults do not differ in any way from non-autistic adults when they watched what they believed was people interacting in real time. However, when they thought they were watching a video, non-autistic participants showed higher levels of attention to faces than non-autistic participants. We conclude that attention to social stimuli is the result of a combination of two processes. One innate, which seems to be different in autism, and one that is influenced by social norms, which works in the same way in autistic adults without learning disabilities. The results suggest that social attention is not as different in autism as first thought. Specifically, the study contributes to dispel long-standing deficit models regarding social attention in autism as it points to subtle differences in the use of social norms rather than impairments.
Adorno and Habermas: Two varieties of post-metaphysical thinking
Authors: Müller-Doohm Stefan
Published: March 2023

This essay asks how much of Adorno is present in Habermas’s theory of communicative reason and how far Adorno anticipated Habermas in his linguistic-philosophical reflections. Despite all their differences, Adorno and Habermas agree that a contemporary philosophy must be conceived as a critique of metaphysics, which they develop with different theoretical means. For Adorno’s anti-idealist philosophy of negative dialectics, the ‘fall of metaphysics’ is irresistible, but he continues to reflect whether philosophy must still take account of the need for metaphysics. For Habermas, a modestly reconceived post-metaphysical philosophy, whose genealogy he reconstructs in his late work Auch eine Geschichte der Philosophie, is a placeholder for a theory of practical reason. As a hermeneutic science, philosophy also continues to pursue the task of contributing to human beings’ understanding of themselves and the world. Its role as an interpreter also crucially includes the attempt to translate the unsatisfied semantic elements of religious traditions into secular conceptions. This intention is in line with Adorno’s postulate that theological elements can only be sustained if they are transformed into this-worldly language.
Experimental investigation on collision characteristics of dual-spray with different physical-chemical fuel properties: A case study of butanol-biodiesel fuel combination
Authors: Zhang Qiankun , Wu Haoqin , Mi Shijie , He Zhuoyao , Lu Xingcai
Published: March 2023

The dual direct injection strategy can flexibly control the reactivity distributions and equivalence ratio, which shows a great potential in realizing clean and efficient combustion. However, the sprays’ collision is inevitable when the fuel sprays are injected into the combustion chamber simultaneously owing to limited in-cylinder space, which is rarely investigated. The investigation aims to explore the atomization and combustion characteristics of collision between biodiesel and butanol sprays at different injection delay times of biodiesel (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2 ms). Experiments are conducted in a constant volume combustion chamber. The collision spray and combustion images are captured by optical diagnosis techniques. Several macroscopic parameters are obtained, including spray behavior, spray area, ignition delay, ignition location, flame behavior, flame lift-off length, and natural luminosity intensity. Results show that the variation of injection delay time can effectively change the spray distribution and realize the concentration stratification. The liquid-phase diffusion region increases with an increased premixed charge of butanol spray, but the total evaporation time has a tiny difference. The sprays’ collision can promote the ignition process, but the ignition location is slightly affected by the injection delay time of biodiesel. A trade-off relationship between the vapor-phase diffusion area and combustion characteristics is found. When the injection delay time exceeds 0.5 ms, a longer injection delay time can lead to a larger vapor-phase area, which causes smaller equivalent ratio, longer flame-off length, and lower luminosity intensity. However, a longer injection delay would lead to an uncomplete combustion of the n-butanol spray. At the experimental cases, the injection delay time of biodiesel should be 1/2–2/3 injection duration to realize complete combustion and small emissions.
A new concept for high efficiency and clean diesel combustion by controlling mixture distribution with dual zone combustion chamber
Authors: Kim Sangkyu , Okada Shintaro , Matsuo Takeru , Tadokoro Tadashi , Kanzaki Jun , Shimo Daisuke
Published: March 2023

While various measures are being promoted globally toward carbon-neutrality, internal combustion engines are required to achieve a further improvement in thermal efficiency in order to generate less CO2. For diesel engines, premixed charge compression ignition (PCI) combustion has been proposed as a combustion method that can achieve high thermal efficiency and clean emissions simultaneously. However, the application of PCI combustion remains limited to the light load range of certain mass-produced engines as it is difficult to control ignition timing and combustion noise. In this study, we developed a new combustion concept, Distribution Controlled partially Premixed Compression Ignition (DCPCI), which enables partially premixed combustion in medium load ranges by spatially controlling fuel mixture distribution. With this DCPCI combustion, we aim for highly efficient and clean combustion by suppressing the interference between the burned gas produced by the earlier stage injection and the subsequent spray with the use of a dual-zone combustion chamber and multi-stage injection. The effectiveness of the new combustion concept was validated by Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analyses, and the improvement in thermal efficiency was confirmed by engine experiments.
Turbulent flow development within the discharge cavity of a screw compressor
Authors: Nouri Jamshid M , Guerrato Diego , Stosic Nikola , Yan Youyou
Published: March 2023

Spatial flow field velocities within the discharge cavity of an optical screw compressor have been measured using LDV and PIV techniques. Angle-resolved velocities were obtained over a time window of 1° at a speed of 1000 rpm, pressure ratio of 1 and temperature of 55°C. Comparison between the LDV and PIV results showed very good agreement and provided a good level of confidence in the presented data. Overall, the flow field results revealed the presence of a complex, turbulent, 3D and vortical flow structure within the discharge cavity. LDV measurements at the exit of the discharge port showed that the inflow into the cavity has two distinct flow features that includes undulated velocity profiles with high gradient during the opening of the port, and uniform jet-like flows during the rest of the time. The energy necessary to create that jet-like flow was from the built-in pressure in the rotors. Turbulence fluctuations were high and followed the mean flow variations with values up to 35% of the mean values during the undulating flow. PIV spatial mean flow measurements showed a uniform axial flow close to bottom of cavity that has been transformed to a stable solid body vortex at the top of the cavity. These measurements within the discharge cavity are made for the first time and they are unique and in great detail that can be used for validation of CFD codes and optimisation of compressors to improve their efficiency for different system applications.

Graphical abstract

[Formula: see text]
Expanding understanding of brand value co-creation on social media from an S-D logic perspective: Introducing structuration theory
Authors: Simmons Geoff , Durkin Mark
Published: March 2023

Brands are increasingly seen in light of collaborative, value creation activities of a firm and all of its stakeholders. This is strongly influenced by the emergence and dominant role that social media plays in societies globally. With challenges presented for brand management and marketing scholarship more generally, to understand and react to the social implications presented for brand value creation. Accordingly, this study builds on the principles of S-D logic to expand understanding of the co-creation of brand value on social media. We introduce social construction theories, focusing on structuration theory. A conceptual model and propositions apply a structuration perspective to provide new insights into how brand value is socially constructed by multiple stakeholders using social media. The focus is on how stakeholder-brand interactions play out across three dimensions of social structure: meaning; norms; and power. We consider how brand meaning (and thus value), emerges out of consensus and dissensus between various stakeholders—brand loyalists and brand rebels—using social media to interact with brands. And how norms of behavior and structures of power guide and legitimize their social media use to reinforce, or potentially transform, brand meaning. Importantly, we consider how brand management can recognize the interactive opportunities provided by different social media platforms and the positions and roles of stakeholders and their social context in considering the social construction of brand value.
Heating up the sauna: Analogue model unraveling the creativity of public participation
Authors: Alatalo Elina , Leino Helena , Laine Markus , Turku Veera
Published: March 2023

One of the main criticisms of participatory planning is its tendency to produce mediocre outcomes due to the compromises made in the search for consensus. As a remedy, there have been recent proposals to enrich participatory processes with stronger visionary leadership. We want to broaden this debate by highlighting the relationship between successful leaderless self-organisation and more conventional forms of participation. We argue that although processes driven by self-organisation can be difficult and confusing, they hold strong creative potential. We demonstrate their dynamics by using an analogue model that contrasts liquid movement with social movement. We conclude that participatory processes with a high amount of self-organisation have not only strong creative potential, but also the potential to constitute a new politics of participation in cities.
Research on propeller cavitation wake characteristics based on multivariate statistical modeling method
Authors: Zhou Kun , Zhu Zhifeng , Wang Bing , Zhou Fang
Published: March 2023

The radiation noise generated by cavitation has been extensively studied for underwater target recognition, but there are few reports on the related mechanism of the cavitation noise of ship propellers that attract attention in the field of hydroacoustics. In this paper, the RANS equations of the underwater propeller wake field are constructed, and numerically solved by combining the cavitation model and the turbulence model. The power spectrum is used to analyze the signal of the numerical calculation results of the propeller wake pressure. The feature estimation and extraction are carried out to obtain the characteristic values of the specific characteristic parameters. These eigenvalues not only reflect the flow field characteristics but also the geometric parameters and working conditions of the propeller. Therefore, two models are established around the relationship between them. Firstly, these eigenvalues are used for regression analysis in multivariate statistics to obtain a statistical model reflecting the characteristics of propeller cavitation wake. Secondly, the relationship between the propeller skew angle and the low frequency linear spectrum amplitude is obtained by using the power spectrum diagram. In this paper, the processing results of the experimental data of the cavitation water tunnel with controllable parameters and the radiation noise data of the actual target are used to verify and supplement each other with the processing results of the feature model.
Advancing justice in a city’s complex systems using designs enabled by space
Authors: Mayrhofer-Hufnagl Ingrid , Ennemoser Benjamin
Published: March 2023

Understanding the importance of data is crucial for realizing the full potential of AI in architectural design. Satellite images are extremely numerous, continuous, high resolution, and accessible, allowing nuanced experimentation through dataset curation. Combining deep learning with remote-sensing technologies, this study poses the following questions. Do newly available datasets uncover ideas about the city previously hidden because urban theory is predominantly Eurocentric? Do extensive and continuous datasets promise a more refined examination of datasets’ effects on outcomes? Generative adversarial networks can endlessly generate new designs based on a curated dataset, but architectural evaluation has been questionable. We employ quantitative and qualitative assessment metrics to investigate human collaboration with AI, producing results that contribute to understanding AI-based urban design models and the significance of dataset curation.
Stent-Assisted Coil Embolization of a Saccular Visceral Aortic Aneurysm: Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Gibello Lorenzo , Varetto Gianfranco , Pasta Vittorio , Ripepi Matteo , Discalzi Andrea , Verzini Fabio
Published: March 2023

Purpose:

We present the results of unconventional endovascular treatment of a voluminous (65 mm) saccular visceral aortic aneurysm in a 78-year-old woman. Patient was deemed unfit for open surgery due to comorbidities. Fenestrated or branched endografting was also excluded due to the small diameter of the aorta, the severe stenosis at the origin of celiac trunk, and the anomalous origin of superior mesenteric artery arising infrarenally.

Case Report:

After a preliminary selective angiography of the superior mesenteric artery showing valid anastomotic network with celiac trunk branches, an aortic self-expandable bare stent (Jotec E-XL) was deployed in the visceral aorta. Aneurysm sac embolization (Penumbra detachable Ruby Coils) in a coil-jailing technique was performed. Finally, an aortic cuff endograft (Gore) was deployed immediately above the origin of the left renal artery to cover the wide neck of the saccular aneurysm and improve sac exclusion. Hospital stay was uneventful, computed tomography (CT) at 12-month demonstrated aneurysm shrinkage to 62 mm without images of endoleak. Literature review showed how this technique has successfully been applied to manage similar cases of postsurgical and posttraumatic saccular aortic aneurysms in high-risk patients; however, long-term results are still unknown.

Conclusion:

Coil-jail technique for the treatment of saccular aortic aneurysms can be considered an alternative when open surgery or conventional endovascular treatment is not feasible. Technical success and mid-term outcomes are promising but strict follow-up is recommended.

Clinical Impact

This study aims to share the unconventional endovascular treatment of a visceral aortic aneurysm in a patient unfit both for open and traditional endovascular surgery. To the best of our knowledge this is one of the first cases published in Literature, for this reason, a step-by-step video has been created to describe the procedure. Literature review was then performed to analyze midterm results of this technique. Despite being a treatment that is not recommended for conventional cases, the knowledge of endovascular devices and techniques may help to manage or simplify complex aortic diseases.
Percutaneous Superficial Temporal Artery Access Facilitating Carotid Artery Stenting Performed From Distal Radial Artery
Authors: Hausinger Peter , Markos-Gergely Gellerd , Nemeth Tamas , Barzo Pal
Published: March 2023

Purpose:

The purpose of the study is to describe carotid artery stenting (CAS) via distal transradial access (dTRA) facilitated by additional superficial temporal artery (STA) access, in a patient with complex aortic arch vessel anatomy.

Technique:

A 72-year-old woman with a prior history of complex cervical surgery and radiotherapy due to laryngeal malignancy, presented with a symptomatic 90% stenosis of the left internal carotid artery (ICA). Due to high cervical lesion, the patient was rejected from carotid endarterectomy. Angiography demonstrated 90% stenosis of the left ICA and a type III aortic arch. After failure of left common carotid artery (CCA) cannulation with appropriate catheter support via dTRA and transfemoral approaches, CAS was attempted a second time. After percutaneous ultrasound guided access to right dTRA and left STA, a 0.035 inch guidewire introduced to the left CCA from the contralateral dTRA was snared and externalized via left STA to improve wire support for guiding advancement. Thereafter, the left ICA lesion was successfully stented with a 7×30 mm self-expanding stent via right dTRA. All vessels involved were patent at 6-month follow-up.

Conclusion:

The STA may be a promising adjunctive access site to increase transradial catheter support for CAS or neurointerventional procedures in the anterior circulation.

Clinical Impact:

Transradial cerebrovascular interventions have been gaining popularity, however, unstable catheter access to distal cerebrovascular structures limits its widespread use. Guidewire externalization technique via additional STA access may improve transradial catheter stabilty and increase procedural success with possibly low access stie complication rate.
Cone Beam Computed Tomography Image Fusion with Cross Sectional Images for Percutaneous Renal Tumor Ablation: Preliminary Data
Authors: Ierardi Anna Maria , Carnevale Aldo , Stellato Elvira , De Lorenzis Elisa , Uccelli Licia , Dionigi Gianlorenzo , Giganti Melchiore , Montanari Emanuele , Carrafiello Gianpaolo
Published: March 2023

Purpose

Percutaneous ablative treatments in the kidney are now standard options for local cancer therapy. Multimodality image guidance, combining two 3D image sets, may improve procedural images and interventional strategies. We aimed to assess the value of intra-procedural cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) with magnetic resonance (MR) or CT imaging fusion technique in the guidance of percutaneous microwave ablation (MWA) of renal neoplasms.

Materials and methods

Fifteen patients (eight males, seven females, median age 65 years, median lesion size 20 mm) underwent percutaneous MWA for 15 renal tumors. All the procedures were performed in a dedicated angiography room setting; CBCT ablation planning capabilities included multimodality image fusion. Preoperative contrast-enhanced CT was available in 12 patients, whereas magnetic resonance imaging in the remaining. All patients were considered inoperable due to comorbidities, advanced age, and/or refusal to undergo surgery. Exclusion criteria were: tumors visible at unenhanced CBCT, metastatic disease, and uncorrected coagulopathy. Technical success and technical effectiveness were calculated. Procedural time, complications and recurrences were registered.

Results

MWA under CBCT-guidance with fusion technique was technically successful in 14 out of 15 cases (93%). The median procedural time was 45 min. No procedure-related complications were reported. No enhancing tissue was visualized in the area of ablation at 1-month follow-up. All 15 cases were recurrence-free at last follow-up assessment (median follow-up of 12 months); no cancer-specific deaths were registered.

Conclusion

CBCT-CT/MR image fusion is technically feasible and safe in achieving correct targeting and complete ablation of renal lesions. This approach bears the potential to overcome most of the limitations of unenhanced CBCT guidance alone; larger series are needed to validate this technique.