bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A multiperiod model of an emissions trading system
Authors: Rosemann Ricarda , Sass Jörn
Published: June 2024

Emissions trading systems (ETS) constitute a widely used tool to control greenhouse gas emissions and thus are vital to the global efforts to mitigate climate change. As most ETS' are divided into separate phases, this raises the policy question whether emissions allowances can be banked, that is, transferred to subsequent phases for later use. We provide a continuous‐time stochastic ETS model in a multiperiod setting that can allow for banking across phases. In particular, we are able to represent the influence of emissions development on the value of banked allowances. We introduce two distinct approaches to the multiperiod model: A basic approach delivers a model that is analytically more tractable and computationally less costly, while our more complex two‐dimensional approach entails a more realistic representation of the system. Numerical results show that banking decreases the mean emissions and increases allowance prices; at the same time, it increases the probability of complying with the emissions cap. In combination with the current penalty of the EU ETS at 100 Euro per ton, banking essentially guarantees compliance. We therefore conclude that banking is a crucial policy choice to improve the effectiveness and the reliability of an ETS.
Gold nanourchin on multiple‐point dielectrode for glucose biosensing by current‐potential measurement
Authors: Chen Wei , Huang Lili , Zhou Bing
Published: June 2024

Gestational diabetes (GD) is a condition characterized by elevated blood sugar levels during pregnancy. GD poses various health risks, such as serious birth injuries, the need for cesarean delivery, and the necessity of newborn care. Monitoring glucose levels is essential for ensuring safe delivery and reducing the risks to both the mother and fetus. Various sensors are readily available for monitoring glucose levels, and researchers are continually working to develop highly sensitive glucose sensors. This research aimed to develop a gold nanourchin (AuNU)‐hybrid biosensor for quantifying glucose on a multi‐point electrode sensor. Glucose oxidase (GOx) was attached to the AuNU and seeded on the sensing surface using an amine linker. The current‐potential (1–2 V at 0.1 V sweep) was recorded for the GOx–glucose interaction, with a limit of detection of 560 μM and a regression coefficient (R2) of 0.9743 [y = 0.9106x − 0.9953] on the linear curve. The sensitivity was estimated to be 3.5 mAcm−2M−1. Furthermore, control experiments with galactose, sucrose, and fructose did not yield an increase in current‐potential, confirming specific glucose detection. This experiment helps in monitoring glucose levels to manage conditions associated with GD.
Lipidomics reveals the serum profiles of pediatric allergic rhinitis and its severity
Authors: Li Tao , Dou Yuzhu , Ji Jianjian , Chen Hui , Zhu Shaoyun , Wang Min , Xiong Yingcai , Wang Zhao , Shan Jinjun , Qian Kangqi , An Li , Lin Lili , Wang Shouchuan , Dai Qigang
Published: June 2024

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a prevalent upper airway chronic inflammatory disease in children worldwide. The role of bioactive lipids in the regulation of AR has been recognized, but the underlying serum lipidomic basis of its pathology remains unclear. We utilized ultra‐performance liquid chromatography (UPLC)‐Q‐Exactive Orbitrap/mass spectrometry (MS) to investigate the serum lipidomic profiles of children with AR. The lipidomic analysis identified 42 lipids that were differentially expressed (p < 0.05, fold change > 2) between the AR (n = 75) and normal control groups (n = 44). Specifically, the serum levels of diacylglycerol (DG), triacylglycerol (TG), fatty acid (FA), lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), lysophosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidyl‐ethanolamine, and cardiolipins were significantly higher in the AR group. The diagnostic potential of the identified lipids was further evaluated using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. The analysis revealed that five lipids, including FA 30:7, LPC O‐18:1, LPC 18:0, LPC 16:0, and DG 34:0, had area under the curve values greater than 0.9 (p < 0.05). Furthermore, serum levels of IgE and IL‐33, markers of AR severity, were found to have a significant positive correlation (p < 0.05) with DGs, LPCs, TGs, and FAs in AR patients. This study revealed the lipid disorders associated with AR and its severity, providing new insights into the pathological process of AR.
The effect of the training programme for nursing students on child abuse and neglect knowledge and awareness levels: A randomized controlled study
Authors: Ozcevik Subasi Damla , Akca Sumengen Aylin , Cakir Gokce Naz , Ocakci Ayşe Ferda
Published: June 2024

Most studies on nursing students' awareness and knowledge of child abuse and neglect (CAN) report insufficient knowledge. However, there are limited studies evaluating the effectiveness of educational interventions. This study aimed to examine the effect of the Child Abuse and Neglect Awareness Program (CANAP) on nursing students on their CAN knowledge and awareness levels. A randomized controlled study was conducted between 21 May and 29 June 29, with 75 students, 40 in the experimental group and 35 in the control group, studying nursing at a foundation university in Turkey. While CANAP was applied to the participants in the experimental group, no intervention was applied to those in the control group. The data were collected in three stages (before the intervention, immediately after the intervention and 1 month after the intervention) using the Personal Information Form, Diagnosis Scale of the Risks and Symptoms of Child Abuse and Neglect (DSRSCAN) and Child Abuse and Neglect Awareness Scale (CANA‐S). Data were analysed using Chi‐square and Fisher exact tests, independent samples t test and repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) test. The groups were homogeneous regarding the students' sociodemographic characteristics (p > 0.05). In the study, the mean DSRSCAN and CANA‐S scores of the groups were similar in the pre‐test before CANAP but increased significantly in the post‐test and re‐test (p < 0.05). All CANA‐S re‐test sub‐dimension mean scores of the experimental group were significantly higher than the control group (p < 0.05). The mean scores of the experimental group in the DSRSCAN physical symptoms of abuse on the child, characteristics of parents prone to abuse and neglect, characteristics of children at risk of abuse and neglect and familial characteristics in child abuse and neglect sub‐dimensions were significantly higher than the control group (p < 0.05). CANAP effectively increases nursing students' CAN knowledge and awareness levels. It was observed that the experimental group students maintained their increased knowledge and awareness 1 month after the intervention.
Extracting roads from satellite images via enhancing road feature investigation in learning
Authors: Feng Shiming , Hou Fei , Chen Jialu , Wang Wencheng
Published: June 2024

It is a hot topic to extract road maps from satellite images. However, it is still very challenging with existing methods to achieve high‐quality results, because the regions covered by satellite images are very large and the roads are slender, complex and only take up a small part of a satellite image, making it difficult to distinguish roads from the background in satellite images. In this article, we address this challenge by presenting two modules to more effectively learn road features, and so improving road extraction. The first module exploits the differences between the patches containing roads and the patches containing no road to exclude the background regions as many as possible, by which the small part containing roads can be more specifically investigated for improvement. The second module enhances feature alignment in decoding feature maps by using strip convolution in combination with the attention mechanism. These two modules can be easily integrated into the networks of existing learning methods for improvement. Experimental results show that our modules can help existing methods to achieve high‐quality results, superior to the state‐of‐the‐art methods.
An Assay for Immunogenic Detection of Anti‐PEG Antibody
Authors: Zhu Xiang , Luo Weizhe , Zhang Donghui , Liu Runhui
Published: June 2024

With the increasing use of polyethylene glycol (PEG) based proteins and drug delivery systems, anti‐PEG antibodies have commonly been detected among the population, causing the accelerated blood clearance and hypersensitivity reactions, poses potential risks to the clinical efficacy and safety of PEGylated drugs. Therefore, vigilant monitoring of anti‐PEG antibodies is crucial for both research and clinical guidance regarding PEGylated drugs. The enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is a common method for detecting anti‐PEG antibodies. However, diverse coating methods, blocking solutions and washing solutions have been employed across different studies, and unsuitable use of Tween 20 as the surfactant even caused biased results. In this study, we established the optimal substrate coating conditions, and investigated the influence of various surfactants and blocking solutions on the detection accuracy. The findings revealed that incorporating 1 % bovine serum albumin into the serum dilution in the absence of surfactants will result the credible outcomes of anti‐PEG antibody detection.
A Ni‐Based Metal‐Organic Framework with Polarizing Traits for Efficient Heterogeneous Catalysis in the Sustainable Synthesis of Oxazolidinones
Authors: Bhambri Himanshi , Mandal Sanjay K.
Published: June 2024

In this study, a Ni‐based metal‐organic framework (MOF), Ni‐MOF, was synthesized from a mixture of Ni(OAc)2 ⋅ 4H2O, a dicarboxylate, 4,4’‐(1,3,4‐oxadiazole‐2,5‐diyl)dibenzoate (oxdz2−), and a bis(tridentate) ligand, (N,N’,N’’,N’’’‐tetrakis(2‐pyridylmethyl)‐1,4‐diaminoxylylene) (tpxn), under ambient conditions using greener solvents in 12 h. The framework was well‐characterized using several analytical techniques. The highly crystalline Ni‐MOF exhibited remarkable polarizing traits with significant uptake of CO2 and water vapor up to 10.53 cm3 g−1 and 290 cm3 g−1, respectively, at 298 K. The isosteric heat of adsorption between Ni‐MOF and CO2 at zero loading was calculated to be 32.43 kJ mol−1. Furthermore, utilizing its CO2‐philic and catalytic features, Ni‐MOF was employed as an excellent heterogeneous catalyst (2.5 mol%) along with very low concentration of TBAB (0.02 mmol) as a co‐catalyst for the synthesis of oxazolidinones via a standard three‐component reaction among an epoxide, a substituted aniline, and carbon dioxide under solvent‐free conditions. A wide range of oxazolidinones including three bioactive derivatives was synthesized using both diverse epoxides and aniline derivatives to demonstrate the substrate scope. The catalyst was proved to be recyclable, reusable, and stable for multiple cycles, without leaching of the metal from it. The mechanistic insights revealed that Ni‐MOF polarizes all three reactants to catalyze the oxazolidinone formation.
Open‐ and Closed‐Loop Recycling: Highly Active Zinc Bisguanidine Polymerization Catalyst for the Depolymerization of Polyesters
Authors: Becker Tabea , Hermann A. , Saritas Nazik , Hoffmann Alexander , Herres‐Pawlis Sonja
Published: June 2024

In this study, the aliphatic N,N‐bisguanidine zinc complex [Zn(DMEG2ch)2](OTf)2 ⋅ THF is introduced as a promising candidate for the chemical recycling of (bio) polyesters. This catalyst is highly active in the ring‐opening polymerization (ROP) of lactide (LA) and ϵ‐caprolactone (CL). The combination of polymerization and depolymerization activity creates new pathways towards a sustainable circular economy. The catalytic activity of [Zn(DMEG2ch)2](OTf)2 ⋅ THF for the chemical recycling of polylactide (PLA) via alcoholysis was investigated by detailed kinetic and thermodynamic studies. It is shown that various high value‐added alkyl lactates can be obtained efficiently under mild reaction conditions. Catalyst recycling was successfully tested using ethanol for the degradation of PLA. In addition, LA can be recovered directly from PLA, enabling either open‐ or closed‐loop recycling. Selective PLA degradation from mixtures with polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polymer blends are presented. For the first time, a cascade recycling reaction of a PLA/polycaprolactone (PCL) blend is tested with a zinc‐based bisguanidine catalyst, whereby PLA is degraded selectively at first and subsequent modification of the reaction conditions leads to efficient degradation of the remaining PCL. The highly active, universally applicable benign zinc catalyst allows the implementation of a circular plastics economy and thus the reduction of plastic pollution in the environment.
Engineered cell versus modified exosomes in cancer therapy
Authors: Dhar Rajib , Devi Arikketh
Published: June 2024

Cancer therapeutic development is the most challenging domain in cancer. Cell‐based cancer therapeutics come up with promising effectiveness. This approach was also cell‐modified for better targeting efficiency development. Cell engineering‐based cancer therapeutic is a cutting‐edge method in cancer therapy. Due to complications of this process, cost and post‐treatment side effects, this phenomenon came into the question mark. In this scenario, extracellular vesicle (EVs) research introduces a cell‐free cancer therapeutic approach. In the therapeutic aspect most used EVs, come from stem cells, plants, and engineered cells. Among several EVs populations, Exosomes are the most used worldwide cell‐free therapeutic tool for ageing cancer. The most interesting facts about exosomes are the biocompatible, non‐immunoreactive, cross‐biological barrier, and non‐toxic (depending on the parental cell's nature). In this article, we are exploring modified exosomes (biological or chemical) that create a remarkable outcome in cancer therapeutic development compared to engineered cell‐based therapeutics. Hope, in the future, modified exosomes become an effective, affordable, and specific cancer‐targeting precision medicine.
Elucidating important factors and corresponding method optimization for sensitive detection of small peptide drugs in human urine by solid‐phase extraction and UPLC‐HRMS: The influence of MS scan modes, protein precipitants, and ammonium formate
Authors: Liu Yunxi , Ma Congcong , Dong Tianyu , Yan Kuan , He Genye , Wang Zhanliang , Zhang Yufeng , Liu Lu , Chang Wei
Published: June 2024

Small peptide hormones are widely used in sports as performance‐enhancing substances, making it crucial to develop sensitive analytical methods for their detection in doping control analysis. Various factors significantly affect analytical sensitivity, such as the selection of ultra‐performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) mobile phase, high‐resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) scanning modes, and extraction solvents for pretreatment. Herein, comparative study approach was utilized to investigate the sensitivity of each peptide analyte under both full scan and parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) modes of HRMS and assess the effects of some protein precipitants as a part of extraction solvents on solid‐phase extraction (SPE). The results showed that full scan should be selected as the primary scan mode of HRMS, and the combination with PRM mode could effectively compensate for the limitations of full scan, and the addition of protein precipitants would adversely affect the detection of certain small peptide analytes. Meanwhile, influences of ammonium formate in reverse UPLC mobile phase on the charge state distribution of small peptides were investigated and elucidated. Based on these findings, a sensitive and reliable UPLC‐HRMS analytical method combining full scan and PRM mode was validated for screening and confirmation of 63 small peptide analytes after SPE, with limits of detection (LODs) ranging between 0.010 and 0.473 ng/ml and limits of identification (LOIs) ranging between 0.015 and 1.512 ng/ml. Additionally, suggestions were provided for the detection of [Arg8]‐vasopressin, dermorphin, and its analogues.
Landscape context affects patch habitat contributions to biodiversity in agroecosystems
Authors: Duff Hannah , Debinski Diane , Maxwell Bruce D.
Published: June 2024

Effective conservation schemes are needed to advance the dual objectives of biodiversity conservation and agronomic production in agricultural landscapes. Understanding how plant and arthropod taxa respond to both local habitat patch characteristics and landscape complexity is crucial for planning effective agri‐environment schemes. This study investigated the relative effects of local variables (plant and insect diversity ≤100 m from patch habitat center) and landscape variables (landscape composition and configuration metrics ≤5 km from patch habitat center) on the diversity of plants and arthropods within noncrop habitat patches (1) at different spatial extents ranging from 0.1 to 5 km, while (2) quantifying differential effects of local and landscape variables on particular components of diversity (i.e., species richness and abundance), and accounting for (3) particular components of landscape extent (0.1‐, 0.5‐, 1‐, 2‐, and 5‐km radii) and complexity (i.e., landscape composition and configuration). Landscape variables were significantly correlated with local plant and arthropod species richness and abundance at all spatial extents. Biodiversity responses to landscape variables were largely scale‐dependent, as pairwise comparisons were significantly different between all spatial extents except between 1‐ and 2‐km extents, and correlations were lowest at the 5‐km extent. Partial R2 values for predicting local biodiversity were highest when both local and landscape variables were included as predictors of species richness and abundance, increasing from 0.163 to 0.469 when landscape variables were included, underscoring the importance of considering both local and landscape effects on local diversity. Landscape configuration variables accounted for more variation in plant and arthropod species richness than composition variables. However, models performed best when composition and configuration were considered together rather than alone, suggesting that both components of landscape complexity should be considered for identifying and managing conservation areas in crop fields. Existing conservation schemes that incentivize farmers to create or conserve seminatural patch habitat within crop fields may be more effective when combined with landscape‐scale designs that enhance landscape complexity across the Northern Great Plains. Local conservation efforts should be coordinated with landscape‐level efforts to ultimately enhance biodiversity and desired ecosystem service outcomes across agricultural landscapes.
Understanding the Role of Internal Lewis Acids in the Catalytic Activity of Urea‐Based Hydrogen Donors
Authors: Portela Susana , Fernández Israel
Published: June 2024

Detailed quantum‐chemical calculations have been carried out to understand both the origin of the catalysis in the urea‐catalyzed nucleophilic ring‐opening of nitrocyclopropanes and the acceleration induced by the presence of an internal Lewis acid in the catalyst. To this end, the mode of activation of these ureas is quantitatively analyzed in detail by means of the Activation Strain Model of reactivity in combination with the Energy Decomposition Analysis method. It is found that the presence of the Lewis acid in the urea further enhances the interaction between the reactants, by increasing both the electrostatic and orbital attractions, which translates into a reduced activation barrier. This insight is also used to assess the impact of the nature of the Lewis acid on the transformation, facilitating the rational design of more active catalysts.
A comprehensive review of the aging mechanism and degradation costs of fresh and second‐life batteries based on analytical and deterministic methods
Authors: Terkes Musa , Demirci Alpaslan , Gokalp Erdin
Published: June 2024

Batteries' aging evolution and degradation functions may vary depending on the application area and various stress factors. Studies on its aging characteristics are ongoing, considering the unpredictable tendency of battery degradation during first and secondary usage periods. Battery degradation directly affects operating costs and prevents many stakeholders from making reliable short‐ or long‐term investment plans. Thus, this review study first introduces the battery models commonly used by researchers and provides an overview of the aging mechanism and estimation methods for health status and remaining capacity. Analytical and deterministic aging/degradation functions/models proposed by the researchers are discussed in detail, and cost equations based on degradation are reviewed. This approach was followed for the fresh and second‐life batteries by further investigating the impact of stress factors on the aging process and cost. The details of aging prediction approaches based on traditional methods, machine learning, and artificial intelligence are out of the scope of this review article. Discussing the shortcomings of aging analyses/functions and introducing different perspectives on the degradation characteristics will help researchers and provide a roadmap for many stakeholders.
Reducing transaction costs using intraday forecasts of limit order book slopes
Authors: Ahabchane Chahid , Cenesizoglu Tolga , Grass Gunnar , Jena Sanjay Dominik
Published: June 2024

Market participants who need to trade a significant number of securities within a given period can face high transaction costs. In this paper, we document how improvements in intraday liquidity forecasts can help reduce total transaction costs. We compare various approaches for forecasting intraday transaction costs, including autoregressive and machine learning models, using comprehensive ultra‐high‐frequency limit order book data for a sample of NYSE stocks from 2002 to 2012. Our results indicate that improved liquidity forecasts can significantly decrease total transaction costs. Simple models capturing seasonality in market liquidity tend to outperform alternative models.
The ethanolic extract of Osmanthus fragrans var. thunbergii flowers ameliorates depressive‐like behaviors of mice by modulating the serotonin system and suppressing neuroinflammation
Authors: Luo Lu‐yao , Xue Rui , Wang Ting‐ge , Zhang Jing‐wen , Li Shuo , Li Jin‐cao , Fan Qiong‐yin , Dong Hua‐jin , Zhang Yang , Zhang You‐zhi
Published: June 2024

It is crucial to explore the impact of dietary interventions on depression and develop functional antidepressant foods, due to the significant side effects and poor treatment compliance of antidepressant drugs. Osmanthus fragrans flowers are edible and medicinal materials owing to their delightful floral aroma and significant health benefits. Here, we evaluated the antidepressant effects of the ethanolic extract of O. fragrans var. thunbergii flowers (OFE) and investigated the mechanisms of action on the serotonin system and neuroinflammation, and analyzed the main chemical components of OFE. A single administration of OFE significantly reduced the immobility duration in the forced swimming and tail suspension tests in mice without affecting locomotor activity. OFE exhibited selective enhancing effects on 5‐HTergic function in vivo, as demonstrated by its potentiating effects on 5‐hydroxytryptophan (5‐HTP)‐induced head‐twitch behavior and alleviation effects on reserpine‐induced ptosis deficits. In addition, OFE increased 5‐hydroxytryptamine (5‐HT) concentration and upregulated 5‐HT1A expression in reserpine‐treated mice, further validating its effects on 5‐HT transmission. Interestingly, OFE significantly alleviated microglia activation and the production of inflammatory mediators, both in reserpine‐treated mice in vivo and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐stimulated BV‐2 cells in vitro. Additionally, 62 components in OFE were identified using ultra‐performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time‐of‐flight high‐resolution mass spectrometry, and glycoside derivatives were shown to be the major constituents of OFE. The present study showed that OFE can alleviate depressive‐like behaviors by modulating the serotonin system and reducing neuroinflammation. These results suggest that OFE can be valuable dietary supplements with therapeutic effects on depression.
Severity and mortality of acute respiratory failure in pediatrics: A prospective multicenter cohort in Bogotá, Colombia
Authors: Vargas‐Acevedo Catalina , Botero Marín Mónica , Jaime Trujillo Catalina , Hernández Laura Jimena , Vanegas Melisa Naranjo , Moreno Sergio Mauricio , Rueda‐Guevara Paola , Baquero Olga , Bonilla Carolina , Mesa María L. , Restrepo Sonia , Barrera Pedro , Mejía Luz M. , Piñeros Juan G. , Ramírez Varela Andrea ,   FARA Group
Published: June 2024

Background and Aims

Acute respiratory failure (ARF) is the most frequent cause of cardiorespiratory arrest and subsequent death in children worldwide. There have been limited studies regarding ARF in high altitude settings. The aim of this study was to calculate mortality and describe associated factors for severity and mortality in children with ARF.

Methods

The study was conducted within a prospective multicentric cohort that evaluated the natural history of pediatric ARF. For this analysis three primary outcomes were studied: mortality, invasive mechanical ventilation, and pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) length of stay. Eligible patients were children older than 1 month and younger than 18 years of age with respiratory difficulty at the time of admission. Patients who developed ARF were followed at the time of ARF, 48 h later, at the time of discharge, and at 30 and 60 days after discharge. It was conducted in the pediatric emergency, in‐hospital, and critical‐care services in three hospitals in Bogotá, Colombia, from April 2020 to June 2021.

Results

Out of a total of 685 eligible patients, 296 developed ARF for a calculated incidence of ARF of 43.2%. Of the ARF group, 90 patients (30.4%) needed orotracheal intubation, for a mean of 9.57 days of ventilation (interquartile range = 3.00–11.5). Incidence of mortality was 6.1% (n = 18). The associated factors for mortality in ARF were a history of a neurologic comorbidity and a higher fraction of inspired oxygen at ARF diagnosis. For PICU length of stay, the associated factors were age between 2 and 5 years of age, exposure to smokers, and respiratory comorbidity. Finally, for mechanical ventilation, the risk factors were obesity and being unstable at admission.

Conclusions

ARF is a common cause of morbidity and mortality in children. Understanding the factors associated with greater mortality and severity of ARF might allow earlier recognition and initiation of prompt treatment strategies.
tRNA‐derived fragments: Unveiling new roles and molecular mechanisms in cancer progression
Authors: Lu Jingjing , Zhu Ping , Zhang Xiufen , Zeng Linzi , Xu Bujie , Zhou Ping
Published: June 2024

tRNA‐derived fragments (tRFs) are novel small noncoding RNAs (sncRNAs) that range from approximately 14 to 50 nt. They are generated by the cleavage of mature tRNAs or precursor tRNAs (pre‐tRNAs) at specific sites. Based on their origin and length, tRFs can be classified into three categories: (1) tRF‐1 s; (2) tRF‐3 s, tRF‐5 s, and internal tRFs (i‐tRFs); and (3) tRNA halves. They play important roles in stress response, signal transduction, and gene expression processes. Recent studies have identified differential expression of tRFs in various tumors. Aberrantly expressed tRFs have critical clinical value and show promise as new biomarkers for tumor diagnosis and prognosis and as therapeutic targets. tRFs regulate the malignant progression of tumors via various mechanisms, primarily including modulation of noncoding RNA biogenesis, global chromatin organization, gene expression regulation, modulation of protein translation, regulation of epigenetic modification, and alternative splicing regulation. In conclusion, tRF‐mediated regulatory pathways could present new avenues for tumor treatment, and tRFs could serve as promising therapeutic targets for cancer therapy.
Degradation of dairy wastewater using sustainable nanotechnology composed of a‐Fe2O3/TiO2 rod‐shaped material and photocatalytic process: a complementary treatment approach for industrial wastewater
Authors: Espinoza‐Villalobos Nicole , Rojas Susana , Barrientos Lorena , Salazar‐González Ricardo , Luna Damari , Flores Caetano , Escalona Néstor
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND

High water consumption and the toxic pollutants found in industrial wastewater are key challenges in achieving a more sustainable development. In this sense, it is crucial to develop sustainable ways to reduce the organic pollutants found in wastewater and to promote its reuse.

RESULTS

In this study, a simple, low‐cost, and environmentally friendly path for dairy wastewater decontamination through photocatalysis using rod‐shaped α‐Fe2O3/TiO2  type II heterojunctions is reported. The photoreaction of the model solution was evaluated under UVA‐visible irradiation with different amounts of α‐Fe2O3 over TiO2, lactose as pollutant concentrations, Cl− and SO42− anions effects, and oxidant ambient showing up to 42% lactose degradation without the addition of oxidant ambient. Optimized parameters (1.0%wt α‐Fe2O3/TiO2, [catalyst] = 0.5 g L−1, [lactose] = 0.7 g L−1, [H2O2] = 10 mM, [O2] = constant) were used on dairy wastewater, which showed a 63% total organic carbon reduction and a 56% chemical oxygen demand reduction. The composite was easily recovered by decantation with a turbidity reduction of ~ 99%. The photocatalyst reusability was assessed over three successive uses and it maintained its activity with a loss of only 10%.

CONCLUSION

This study offers a promising approach for the development of innovative sustainable nanotechnology to efficiently degrade organic pollutants commonly found in dairy wastewater and improve its quality within a shorter timeframe. Our approach could contribute to the development of efficient and cost‐effective complementary technologies for the Sequencing Batch Reactor in the treatment of dairy wastewater, thus contributing to the sustainability of the dairy industry. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Long‐term outcomes of ventricular tachycardia ablation in repaired tetralogy of Fallot: Systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Prana Jagannatha Gusti Ngurah , Mendel Brian , Labi Nikita Pratama Toding , Aji Wingga Chrisna , Kosasih Anastasya Maria , Adrian Jonathan , de Liyis Bryan Gervais , Pertiwi Putu Febry Krisna , Antara I Made Putra Swi
Published: June 2024

Background

Ventricular tachycardia (VT) remains a risk in repaired Tetralogy of Fallot (rTOF); however, long‐term benefits of VT ablation have not been established. This study compares the outcomes of rTOF patients with and without VT ablation.

Methods

We searched multiple databases examining the outcomes of rTOF patients who had undergone VT ablation compared to those without ablation. Primary outcomes were VT recurrence, sudden cardiac death (SCD), and all‐cause mortality. Subgroup analysis was conducted based on the type of ablation (catheter and surgical). Slow‐conducting anatomical isthmus (SCAI)‐based catheter ablation (CA) was also analyzed separately. The secondary outcome was the risk factors for the pre‐ablation history of VT.

Results

Fifteen cohort studies with 1459 patients were included, 21.4% exhibited VTs. SCAI was found in 30.4% of the population, with 3.7% of non‐inducible VT. Factors significantly associated with VT before ablation included a history of ventriculostomy, QRS duration ≥180 ms, fragmented QRS, moderate to severe pulmonary regurgitation, high premature ventricular contractions burden, late gadolinium enhancement, and SCAI. Ablation was only beneficial in reducing VTs recurrence in SCAI‐based CA (risk ratio (RR) 0.11; 95% CI 0.03 to 0.33. p < 0.001; I2 = 0%) with no recurrence in patients with preventive ablation (mean follow‐up time 91.14 ± 77.81 months). The outcomes of VT ablation indicated a favorable trend concerning SCD and all‐cause mortality (RR 0.49 and 0.44, respectively); however, they were statistically insignificant.

Conclusions

SCAI‐based CA has significant advantages in reducing VT recurrence in rTOF patients. Risk stratification plays a key role in determining the decision to perform ablation.
Unveiling the power of storytelling and co‐design: Enhancing customer value in cultural boutique hotels
Authors: Piriyakul Intaka , Piriyakul Rapepun
Published: June 2024

Cultural heritage tourism has created opportunities for small and medium‐sized enterprises in the hospitality industry, including cultural boutique hotels that offer visitors personalized experiences around local arts and culture. To identify effective marketing strategies for these hotels, a study surveyed 300 tourists who stayed at Thai cultural boutique hotels. The study used a synthesis model with two antecedent factors (storytelling and co‐design) and one impact factor (customer value), with hedonism ties as an intervention factor. The results indicated that both antecedent factors positively affected hedonism ties, which positively impacted customer value. The study also found that two target segments played a crucial role in determining the relationship between co‐design and hedonism ties. By adopting marketing strategies based on these findings, cultural boutique hotels can attract and retain customers while contributing to the growth of cultural heritage tourism.
Refining quality measures for electrodiagnostic testing in suspected carpal tunnel syndrome to account for acceptable variations in practice: Expert review process
Authors: Shetty Kanaka D. , Basu Aashna R. , Nuckols Teryl K. ,   the Multi‐Society Working Group for Electrodiagnosis Quality Measures in CTS
Published: June 2024

Introduction/Aims

Using a set of process‐of‐care quality measures for electrodiagnostic testing in suspected carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS), the research team previously documented large variations in electrodiagnostic testing practices and adherence to quality measures. This study sought to enhance the applicability and validity of the quality measures by integrating acceptable variations in testing practices.

Methods

We recruited 13 expert electrodiagnostic medicine specialists from five specialty societies. The experts iteratively refined five quality measures, and then rated the validity of the refined quality measures (1–9 scale). During this process, the experts reviewed data on adherence to existing quality measures and variations in electrodiagnostic testing practices, and considered recently published quality measures from the American Association of Neuromuscular and Electrodiagnostic Medicine.

Results

Three quality measures (electrodiagnostic testing before surgery for CTS, temperature assessment during electrodiagnostic testing, and electrodiagnostic criteria for severe median neuropathy) underwent few refinements and were rated valid (medians 8–9). Two measures (essential components of electrodiagnosis, criteria for interpreting electrodiagnostic tests as median neuropathy) were judged valid (medians 8) after revisions. For these measures, experts' ratings on the recommended components of sensory or mixed nerve conduction studies varied: agreement among the experts about the use of sensory peak latency was greater than for onset latency or sensory velocity.

Discussion

This study produced quality measures that provide minimum standards for electrodiagnostic testing for suspected CTS that are more comprehensive and nuanced than prior versions. Future work can assess the feasibility, reliability, and validity of these refined measures in diverse physician practices.
Home care for patients with opioid use disorders: A qualitative study of registered nurses' experiences of pain management
Authors: Jakobsen Mari Asalie Skrenes , Tørmoen Tone Løvås , Klarare Anna , Steindal Simen A.
Published: June 2024

Aim

To explore registered nurses' experiences with pain management in patients with opioid use disorder (OUD) in home care.

Design

Qualitative explorative‐descriptive design.

Methods

Data were collected via nine individual semi‐structured interviews with registered nurses working in home care meeting patients with OUD. Data were analysed using systematic text condensation.

Results

Three categories were identified: Reciprocity in relationships and a professional approach enhance pain management; Discrepancies between guidelines, patient‐reported pain and RNs' observations challenge pain management; and Interprofessional collaboration makes or breaks pain management.
Quantification of the effect of GLP‐1R agonists on body weight using in vitro efficacy information: An extension of the Hall body composition model
Authors: Bosch Rolien , Sijbrands Eric J. G. , Snelder Nelleke
Published: June 2024

Obesity has become a major public health concern worldwide. Pharmacological interventions with the glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists (GLP‐1RAs) have shown promising results in facilitating weight loss and improving metabolic outcomes in individuals with obesity. Quantifying drug effects of GLP‐1RAs on energy intake (EI) and body weight (BW) using a QSP modeling approach can further increase the mechanistic understanding of these effects, and support obesity drug development. An extensive literature‐based dataset was created, including data from several diet, liraglutide and semaglutide studies and their effects on BW and related parameters. The Hall body composition model was used to quantify and predict effects on EI. The model was extended with (1) a lifestyle change/placebo effect on EI, (2) a weight loss effect on activity for the studies that included weight management support, and (3) a GLP‐1R agonistic effect using in vitro potency efficacy information. The estimated reduction in EI of clinically relevant dosages of semaglutide (2.4 mg) and liraglutide (3.0 mg) was 34.5% and 13.0%, respectively. The model adequately described the resulting change in BW over time. At 20 weeks the change in BW was estimated to be −17% for 2.4 mg semaglutide and −8% for 3 mg liraglutide, respectively. External validation showed the model was able to predict the effect of semaglutide on BW in the STEP 1 study. The GLP‐1RA body composition model can be used to quantify and predict the effect of novel GLP‐1R agonists on BW and changes in underlying processes using early in vitro efficacy information.
Computing degree based topological indices for bulky and normal polymers
Authors: Naz Kiran , Ahmad Sarfraz , Bilal Hafiz Muhammad , Siddiqui Muhammad Kamran
Published: June 2024

A polymer is a substance or material consisting of very large molecules called macromolecules, composed of many repeating subunits. The bulky and normal polymers are graphs of aromatic organic compounds. The main idea of this article is to elaborate the expected results of Zagreb connection, sombor and reduced sombor indices in bulky and normal polymers. The generalized expected results with the help of probability technique for all the chains like polyonino, pentachain, polyphenyl, cyclooctane cyclodecane and so on different chains for Alkanes have been determined which are connected with and without any bond (edge). The Sombor topological index is named after the city of Sombor in Serbia, where it was introduced by a group of researchers in the field of chemoinformatics and mathematical chemistry. At the end, we have find the meta, ortho and para polymers to define the average values of Zagreb connection, Sombor and reduced Sombor indices.
A preliminary investigation into the feasibility of laser ablation U–Pb isotope ratio measurement via all‐faraday cup detection with 1011‐ and 1013‐Ω amplifiers on the Neoma multicollector‐inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometer
Authors: Zirakparvar N. Alex , Manard Benjamin T. , Dunlap Daniel , Hexel Cole R.
Published: June 2024

Rationale

Signal detection for uranium–lead (U–Pb) dating of zircon is typically performed via ion counters. Here, we develop a preliminary understanding of the strengths and limitations of faraday‐cup‐based detection.

Methods

A suite of zircon reference materials and the NIST‐610 glass were sampled using laser ablation followed by U–Pb isotope ratio measurement on a Neoma multicollector‐inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometer.

Results

We were able to produce geologically accurate 207Pb/206Pb, 206Pb/238U, and 207Pb/235U ratios for the NIST‐610 glass and the zircon standards, with ages ranging from ~2.5 Ga to ~337 Ma (TanBrown A, Oracle, 91550, Mud Tank, Temora, and Plešovice). Two of the younger zircon standards examined (94‐35, ~55.6 Ma, and Fish Canyon, 28.6 Ma) yielded accurate 206Pb/238U but not 207Pb/235U or 207Pb/206Pb ratios, whereas the youngest zircon standard (Penglai, ~4.4 Ma) failed for all three ratios of interest. The accuracy and precision of the all‐faraday method are directly tied to signal intensity, with reliable data capable of being produced even when both isotopes in a ratio have signals below ~0.001 V (equivalent to ~62 500 cps on an ion counter).

Conclusion

The all‐faraday cup multicollection method provides sufficient sensitivity to obtain geologically meaningful U–Pb data, with possible advantages being that laser pit depth‐dependent changes in the observed interelemental fractionation behavior may be easier to correct using a static collector configuration compared to when the ion beam is swept across a single detector while also removing the need for an interdetector‐type calibration. Further work is needed to refine the all‐faraday cup method (e.g., application of background subtraction and common Pb corrections, outlier removal, and interelement as well as down‐hole fractionation corrections), but our initial results demonstrate that the faraday detector method has sufficient sensitivity to warrant further study.
Formation flight approach and experiment for multiple quadrotor drones with optical motion capture localization system
Authors: Li Junlong , Xi Jianxiang , Wang Cheng , Guo Zichun , Liu Hao , Zheng Yuanshi
Published: June 2024

The formation category for multiple quadrotor drones with the distributed formation protocol is addressed. By exploiting an indoor optical motion capture location system, the formation flight experiment for practical multiple quadrotor drones is performed. Firstly, by decoupling the relationship of the outer and inner loop models, the control loop of a quadrotor drone is divided into the outer position and velocity loop and inner attitude loop, and the distributed formation protocol is constructed by outer‐loop states, where the neighboring relationship term and the formation registration term can regulate formation errors and the whole motion trajectory of multiple quadrotor drones, respectively. The self‐feedback mechanism of the quadrotor drone is introduced to regulate the motion trajectory of whole formation. Then, formation achievability criteria for multiple quadrotor drones are proposed, where two control gains are determined in an analytic form, and the whole motion trajectory for multiple quadrotor drones is presented. Finally, a formation achievement algorithm is proposed, where the formation protocol is implemented by the inner‐loop attitude control of each quadrotor drone, and a formation flight experiment is performed to show the effectiveness of theoretical results.
A modified exponential reaching law for sliding mode control and its applications
Authors: Hu Mingyuan , Ahn Hyeongki , Park Jihoon , You Kwanho
Published: June 2024

This study utilized a sliding mode control (SMC) technique combined with modified exponential reaching law to address the control of a nonlinear system. The introduced adaptive reaching law enables the system trajectories to converge rapidly toward the origin, surpassing the convergence speed achieved by the existing reaching laws. By employing the suggested reaching law, the SMC exhibits remarkable performance while effectively mitigating chattering. Furthermore, the proposed reaching law enables the system trajectories to converge rapidly toward the origin, surpassing the convergence speed achieved by the existing reaching laws. This article includes simulation results and a comparison with other predominantly existing approaches to highlight the superior performance of the proposed reaching law.
Electrochemical visualization of latent fingerprints using polyphenazine dyes on brass cartridges
Authors: Hermochová Sára , Hlavín Petr , Novotný Michal , Vrňata Martin , Broncová Gabriela
Published: June 2024

This work is focused on the visualization of latent fingerprints left on unfired brass cartridges. Polymer films were prepared from 2 mM neutral red or 5 mM toluidine blue using two different electrochemical methods (cyclic voltammetry or chronoamperometry) with relatively short polymerization times. The conditions for the deposition of conductive polymers, poly(neutral red) and poly(toluidine blue), from a neutral medium (phosphate buffer with 0.1 M KNO3 or 0.1 M KNO3, respectively) were optimized to produce high-quality visualization of the remaining fingerprints on the brass substrates. The surface morphology and quality of the polymer films after the electrochemical deposition of both polyphenazine dyes were characterized by stereomicroscope. Phenazine dyes, which were used for the visualization of fingerprints, have been shown to provide different degrees of homogeneity in the deposited film. Furthermore, the dependence of the stability of the monomer solutions on their age, use, and storage conditions are discussed. Finally, a methodology is proposed for how to apply this technique of visualizing latent fingerprints with observed details of papillary lines in forensic practice.

Graphical abstract
Creatine homeostasis and the kidney: comparison between kidney transplant recipients and healthy controls
Authors: Post Adrian , Groothof Dion , Kremer Daan , Knobbe Tim J. , Abma Willem , Koops Christa A. , Tsikas Dimitrios , Wallimann Theo , Dullaart Robin P.F. , Franssen Casper F.M. , Kema Ido P. , Heiner-Fokkema M. Rebecca , Bakker Stephan J.L.
Published: June 2024

Creatine is a natural nitrogenous organic acid that is integral to energy metabolism and crucial for proper cell functioning. The kidneys are involved in the first step of creatine production. With kidney transplantation being the gold-standard treatment for end-stage kidney disease, kidney transplant recipients (KTR) may be at risk of impaired creatine synthesis. We aimed to compare creatine homeostasis between KTR and controls. Plasma and urine concentrations of arginine, glycine, guanidinoacetate, creatine and creatinine were measured in 553 KTR and 168 healthy controls. Creatine intake was assessed using food frequency questionnaires. Iothalamate-measured GFR data were available in subsets of 157 KTR and 167 controls. KTR and controls had comparable body weight, height and creatine intake (all P > 0.05). However, the total creatine pool was 14% lower in KTR as compared to controls (651 ± 178 vs. 753 ± 239 mmol, P < 0.001). The endogenous creatine synthesis rate was 22% lower in KTR as compared to controls (7.8 ± 3.0 vs. 10.0 ± 4.1 mmol per day, P < 0.001). Despite lower GFR, the plasma guanidinoacetate and creatine concentrations were 21% and 41% lower in KTR as compared to controls (both P < 0.001). Urinary excretion of guanidinoacetate and creatine were 66% and 59% lower in KTR as compared to controls (both P < 0.001). In KTR, but not in controls, a higher measured GFR was associated with a higher endogenous creatine synthesis rate (std. beta: 0.21, 95% CI: 0.08; 0.33; P = 0.002), as well as a higher total creatine pool (std. beta: 0.22, 95% CI: 0.11; 0.33; P < 0.001). These associations were fully mediated (93% and 95%; P < 0.001) by urinary guanidinoacetate excretion which is consistent with production of the creatine precursor guanidinoacetate as rate-limiting factor. Our findings highlight that KTR have a disturbed creatine homeostasis as compared to controls. Given the direct relationship of measured GFR with endogenous creatine synthesis rate and the total creatine pool, creatine supplementation might be beneficial in KTR with low kidney function.

Trial registration ID: NCT02811835.

Trial registration URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02811835.