bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Technology of low-altitude aeromagnetic survey for prospecting for iron ores as a direction of sustainable development of modern geology
Authors: Rada Artem , Kuznetsov Aleksandr , Zverev Roman
Published: August 2023

Exploration is essential to ensure the achievement of the UN Sustainable Development Goals through the provision of ferrous and non-ferrous metal resources. At the same time, geology as an industry should be based on the principles of sustainable development. The purpose of the study is to develop and test the technology of aeromagnetic survey for prospecting for iron ores that meets the requirements of the sustainable development of modern geology. Unmanned aerial vehicles with GNSS receivers, a camera, a magnetometer, as well as Trimble Business Center, Agisoft Metashape Professional, and QM Center software were used. A search for magnetic radiation anomalies over an area of 6.20 square kilometres was carried out. Areas were established where the radiation level is 59000–65860 nanotesl (background – 57803 nanotesl), that is, there are reserves of magnetite ores. The binding of these sites to the exact geographical coordinates has been completed. The results of the low-altitude aeromagnetic survey are compared with the control data of the ground-based magnetic survey performed earlier, and the correctness of the low-altitude aeromagnetic survey data is shown. Since ground surveys provide more detailed information, it is advisable to use low-altitude aeromagnetic surveys as a method of fast, low-cost screening of large areas. This will make it possible to make decisions on the expediency of carrying out expensive ground works. The study found that labour productivity in low-altitude aeromagnetic surveys exceeds that in ground-based surveys by about 75 times. In addition, low-altitude aeromagnetic surveys have virtually no impact on ecosystems and do not lead to greenhouse gas emissions. This corresponds to the main directions of sustainable development of geology.
Empirical evaluation of state support measures for the agricultural industry in modern practice
Authors: Alieva I A , Skorobogatykh E Yu , Altunina V
Published: August 2023

The article presents the results of the study of the effectiveness of the state program “Development of Agriculture” in the Kaliningrad region; econometric analysis of the dependence of the results of the economic activity of agricultural enterprises on the amount of state subsidy is proposed as a research method; on the basis of the econometric models the regression-correlation analysis of the effectiveness of financial resources distribution on the main directions of the state agricultural program is conducted.
Features of the formation of microecotones in aquatic ecosystems
Authors: Korlyakov K A , Kostyuk K S
Published: August 2023

The formation of ecotones in aquatic ecosystems on artificial mechanical barriers placed on fouling glasses has been studied. A positive statistically significant relationship was established between the size of an organism and the width of the ecotone formed by this organism in the series from bacteria to bryozoans and polyps. In relation to microorganisms, a more intensive formation of biofilms and mats was revealed in the marginal areas of biotopes. Larger fouling, such as algae, also more quickly develop the marginal areas of a discrete landscape and serve as a secondary biotope already for phytophilic invertebrates, which are characterized in these artificial biotopes by several times and sometimes by an order of magnitude greater abundance and biomass compared to adjacent standard conditions. The marginal ecotone aggregations also revealed increased polyp size and elevated concentrations of catalase in some molluscs and invertebrate larvae.
Ecological aspect of brick production in the development of the territory
Authors: Oznobikhina Ludmila
Published: August 2023

This article is devoted to the ecological problem of brick production. The negative effects on the environment, which are associated with emissions of dust, gases, noise and other factors, are considered. Methods of reducing harmful emissions and monitoring compliance with environmental standards in the production of bricks were also presented. The positive aspects of brick production are described, such as durability and environmental friendliness of products, as well as high demand for this material in construction. In conclusion, the author summarizes the results and notes the need for wider implementation of environmental standards in the production of bricks.
Increasing the efficiency of atmospheric air control in urban areas with developed engineering and chemical clusters
Authors: Kunavin Yury , Shashenko Valeria , Gusev Dmitry , Melnikov Pavel , Selezneva Ksenia , Zimina Tatyana
Published: August 2023

The article gives an example of organizing independent monitoring of atmospheric air using a mobile environmental laboratory. An approach to the formation of the technical characteristics of a mobile laboratory, as well as a methodology for determining the conditions for the departure of the laboratory, is described. The main results of the mobile laboratory are shown, the exceedances of maximum permissible concentrations found and recommendations developed to ensure a radical reduction in the level of atmospheric air pollution on the example of the urban district of Tolyatti are shown.
Conservation of forest ecosystems in regional complex nature reserves
Authors: Zolotova Olga , Ivanishcheva Elizaveta , Bazhenova Oksana , Osolodkina Alena , Sokolova Ekaterina
Published: August 2023

Based on the analysis of expedition, stock, published and official cadastral materials on the specially protected natural areas, the article characterizes complex (landscape) nature reserves of the Vologda region in the context of the landscape concept of formation of the network of specially protected natural areas in the region, and gives assessment of the compliance of the nature reserves with biodiversity conservation tasks under the taiga zone conditions. The history of establishment of nature reserves, the species and age composition of forests, the typological diversity of forests, availability of valuable natural areas, rare and protected species of plants and animals in 75 nature reserves were analyzed.
Landscape structure of the territory of the sanctuary Bakhteevskie Uvaly (The Volga Upland, Russia)
Authors: Astashin Andrej , Bazarov Aleksej , Badin Mihail , Vinokurova Natal’ya , Vatina Ol’ga
Published: August 2023

A map of the landscape structure of the territory of the state nature sanctuary of regional significance Bakhteevskie Uvaly is presented. The research area is located in the eastern part of The Volga Upland in the landscape zone of the steppe (the northern steppe subzone). The vegetation cover and flora of the Bakhteevsky Uvaly nature sanctuary, despite the high anthropogenic pressure on the natural ecosystems of the Starokulatkinsky district, have preserved high floral and phytocenotic biodiversity, and rare, endemic and relict species have been preserved on the territory of the protected area, reference steppe and forest communities. That is why the nature sanctuary Bakhteevskie Uvaly was organized here. Taking into account the landscape features of the territory is necessary both for the rational organization of economic activity and for the implementation of environmental protection and scientific goals. The research based on the results of field work, carried out in 2021, remote sensing data, thematic maps and literary sources. Spatial data processing is performed using QGIS. As a result of the research the landscape structure of the territory was established, the degree of anthropogenic disturbance of landscapes and the main threatening factors within the researched area were established.
Organization of rational and environmentally sound use of forest resources, taking into account the economic factor on the example of the Kartopsky forestry of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug (Yugra)
Authors: Emelyanova T A , Zhelonkina E E , Novikov A V , Potravny I M , Pafnutova E G
Published: August 2023

Balanced ecological and economic development is possible only with the development and implementation of a single comprehensive program for the use of natural resources, taking into account the need for environmental protection, restoration of natural resources, restoration and production of flora and fauna resources. The scale of the impact of anthropogenic factors has not yet been fully assessed, however, it can be said with confidence that the environmental losses that nature incurs from all types of negative impact on the environment significantly exceed the currently calculated economic losses.
Isolation of cellulolytic bacteria from cultivated soil samples
Authors: Maiorov Pavel , Lyashenko Elena , Feoktistova Natalia , Suldina Ekaterina , Atamanova Elizaveta
Published: August 2023

Cellulose decomposition is widespread in all types of soils in the world, which plays an important role in the carbon cycle and the decomposition of plant residues, which is especially important for agriculture. Cellulolytic bacteria can be actively used in the processes of increasing soil fertility, especially in those areas where the natural content of such microorganisms is not high. Within the framework of this work, cellulolytic bacteria were isolated from soil actively used for growing crops. 39 strains of microorganisms were selected, their lytic activity in relation to cellulose compounds was determined. It was observed that 5 strains showed high cellulose activity already within 24 hours. The study of some biological properties of isolated microorganisms showed their strong difference from each other. The unifying feature of all isolated strains was the absence of tryptophan fermentation. The obtained data allow us to continue creating a collection of cellulolytic microorganisms with their further identification.
Geoecological assessment of the state of water bodies in the Irtysh river basin within the Omsk region
Authors: Nadtochiy Victoria , Tusupbekov Zhanbolat , Ryapolova Natalia , Ibraev Maksat
Published: August 2023

The ecologically successful development of the watershed is determined by the ability to resist external pressures exerted by natural and anthropogenic factors. The state of the drainage basin and its resistance to external influences is determined by the natural resource potential, the value of heat and moisture supply and the quality of water in water bodies. An urgent problem of our time is the deterioration of the quality of land surface waters as a result of anthropogenic impact, which in turn has a negative impact on the ecological state of the basin. The article assesses the ecological state of the catchment basin of the Irtysh River within the territory of the Omsk region. For river basins, the main environmental parameters of nature management are determined, calculated taking into account the modern technogenic load. Conclusions and corresponding recommendations are formed to improve and preserve the environmental sustainability of natural systems of existing river basins.
Bioindication of desalination in grassed soil by microbiome diversity
Authors: Korobova Larisa , Riksen Vera
Published: August 2023

Vast areas of Western Siberia (about 40%) are occupied by saline soils. Solonetzic agricultural lands are mainly used for growing perennial grasses - phytomeliorants. To increase the yield of fodder crops on solonetz lands, specialists of the Siberian Research Institute of Fodder Crops in the 80s of the last century developed phytomeliorative crop rotations. The article considers the effect of grassing phytomeliorative crop rotations with a mixture of brome (Bromus inermis Leyss.) and alfalfa (Medicago varia Mart.) on the microflora of meadow solonetzes (hydromorphic) (Gleyic Solonetz Albic) (for 13 years). It is shown that post-rotational grassing led to a significant desalinization of the upper soil horizon and a decrease in its alkalinity, as well as to an improvement in the water-air regime of solonetzes. Long-term cultivation of fodder crop rotations and subsequent grassing formed a specific soil microbiome, characterized by taxonomic diversity of microorganisms and a greater proportion of copiotrophs in the dominant phyla, which indirectly indicates an increase in the carbon content and nitrogen available to plants in the phytomeliorated solonetz.
Xylotrophs in spruce stands of the Kologrivsky Forest Nature Reserve, Russia
Authors: Lebedev Alexander , Gemonov Alexander , Saykova Darya , Gostev Vladimir , Volkov Sergei
Published: August 2023

The purpose of the study is to study the species composition of xylotrophic fungi in spruce stands of the Kologrivsky Forest Nature Reserve (Kostroma region, Russia). On the territory of the nature reserve, 20 species of pathogenic fungi were found parasitizing on the trunks of living and dead trees. Dead wood (57%) is the main substrate for fungal fruiting bodies. Producing tree trunks use about 28% of xylophytes as a substrate, dry-standing – 15%.
Influence of Humidity on Adsorption Performance of Activated Carbon
Authors: He Fukai , Zhang Jigang , Liu Aiming , Zhu Guozhen
Published: August 2023

Activated carbon filter is the main equipment used to remove pollutants in the ventilation system in a nuclear power plant. Its main function is to remove radioactive iodine to minimize radioactive hazards against workers in the ventilation area. Periodic evaluation is a key step for verifying its operation effectiveness, further to ensure the safety and long-term operation. In this paper, by changing the micropore structure and surface chemical properties of activated carbon, its physicochemical properties and adsorption performance against methyl iodide under the high humidity working environment are studied. The results show that the adsorption performance of activated carbon on organic compound decreases significantly under the high humidity conditions; however, the combination of potassium iodide, triethylene diamine and functional groups on the activated carbon surface form stable chemical bonds and a new surface structure, which enhances the adsorption performance and stability of activated carbon against pollutants and makes it difficult to remove pollutants. The adsorption capacity of nuclear activated carbon can be restored to 80.7% of the initial capacity, and the adsorption performance can be obviously improved.
Study on stress sensitivity of bedding fractures and sand-filled fractures in shale oil reservoirs
Authors: Li Haojia , Liu Chenwei , Yan Silin , Lv Sen
Published: August 2023

Shale oil reservoirs are characterized by low porosity and ultra-low permeability, and hydraulic fracturing technology is needed to realize industrial oil flow. The sand-filled fractures formed in the shale fracturing process and the bedding fractures developed in the reservoir itself interact to form a shale oil fracture network system, which is the main migration channel for shale oil production. Studies have shown that the higher the degree of fracture development, the stronger the stress sensitivity of the reservoir, and the stress sensitive damage is an important factor that causes the decline of reservoir seepage capacity during shale oil production. In this paper, based on the shale samples in the Jiyang Depression, the flow capacity experiments of bedding fractures and sand-filled fractures were carried out to analyze the stress sensitivity characteristics of shale bedding fractures and sand-filled fractures, and to clarify the seepage capacity decline mechanism of complex fractures in shale. Provide experimental data and theoretical support for productivity prediction of block shale reservoirs after fracturing.
Preparation and study of modified polyethyleneimine cationic adjuvant
Authors: Bai Lu , Li Chengyu , Chen Xiaoqi , Zhou Haijun , Zhang Fen , Cheng Hua , Li Yantao , Zhou Mengmeng
Published: August 2023

A polyethylenimine adjuvant modified by mannose, which may be used in the study of vaccine adjuvant, was prepared in this paper. Its structure was characterized by infrared spectroscopy and its micromorphology was observed by transmission electron microscopy. A series of mannose-modified polyvinylimine were prepared according to the molar ratio of primary amine groups between mannose and polyvinylimine, and their storage stability was observed at 4°C. In addition, the cytotoxicity of modified and unmodified polyethylenimine was also tested, and the results showed that the modified polyethylenimine was less toxic than unmodified polyethylenimine.
Study on the Effects of Different Fertilization Times on Crop Yield and Soil Fertility Changes
Authors: Yu Boxuan
Published: August 2023

The level of soil fertility plays a decisive role in the growth and development of crops and agricultural production. Reasonable fertilization time is of great significance for maintaining and improving soil fertility, increasing crop yield, and economic benefits. Rice is one of the main grain crops in China, and its yield and quality are influenced by natural environment, variety, water content, and fertility. Among them, fertility has the greatest impact on the yield and quality of rice. Within the scope of Design of experiments, rice yield is directly related to fertilizer application time. With the increase of fertilizer application time, rice yield increases significantly, and fertilizers and nutrient promoters play a good ecological and economic benefit. Although Biopesticide do not have a large yield increase effect, they can play the same effect as chemical pesticides. The amount of fertilizer used is the main factor in increasing crop yield, and the longterm application of nutrient promoters can also become an important factor in increasing yield. Different fertilization treatments also have different effects on the soil nutrient content of vegetable fields, and fertilization can significantly increase the soil nutrient content. This article takes rice as an example to study the effects of different fertilization times on rice yield and soil fertility changes.
Discussion on key points of underground fracturing technology in oil field
Authors: Zhang Qi
Published: August 2023

Oilfield underground fracturing technology is an important oilfield development technology, through the injection of fracturing fluid to make the rock fracture expansion, in order to improve the productivity of oil reservoir. In this paper, the selection and design of fracturing fluid, the selection of fracturing tools and devices, the control of fracturing parameters, the control and evaluation of fracturing fractures, and the adjustment and optimization after fracturing are discussed. Through the analysis of these points, it can provide guidance and reference for oilfield engineers and technicians in actual operation to improve the fracturing effect and oilfield development efficiency.
Research on Spatial Structure Evolution of A-Grade Scenic Spots in Jinan Based on GIS
Authors: Li Wenjie , Zhang Chao
Published: August 2023

This paper takes Jinan A-Grade scenic spots as the research object, uses the Baidu map to pick up the latitude and longitude coordinates of A-Grade scenic spots in Jinan in 2016, 2018, 2020 and 2022, uses ArcGIS software to study the spatial distribution of Jinan A-Grade scenic spots. Most of them are distributed in the central urban circle, and the scenic spots are distributed in agglomeration, while the scenic spots in other surrounding counties are distributed discretely and in small numbers. From 2016 to 2022, the spatial distribution of scenic spots in Jinan shows that the distribution of scenic spots in Jinan is gradually spreading outward from the central area.
Research on variogram analysis method for 3D modeling of sandstone reservoir
Authors: Lv Yingbo , Liang Yifei , Wang HongXue
Published: August 2023

Analysis of variogram is a necessary step in 3D stochastic modeling, and different settings of variograms can directly affect the final distribution of model attribute. How to optimize the setting of variogram parameters by unit and facies type has become a key step in geological modeling. This article focuses on the reservoir within sedimentary background of fluvial-deltas in the layer SII7+8 which develops multiple sedimentary microfacies, such as fluvial channels, abandoned fluvial channels, flood plains, and natural levee with strong heterogeneity, so as to study the impact of changes of the variogram parameters on the simulation results of reservoir properties, in order to explore the analysis method of the variogram. On this basis, the reservoir is divided into 3 types of sand bodies and 11 types of sedimentary microfacies based on net pay thickness, sedimentary environment, and main sand scale and morphology. The distribution characteristics and extension scale of different facies types on the plane are classified and studied, in order to determine the characteristic parameters of the variogram of different types of sand bodies, accurately simulate the distribution characteristics of reservoir physical property, and further improve the accuracy of the 3D attribute model.
Research on Construction and Operation of Microgrid
Authors: Jia Jingzi , Zeng Ming
Published: August 2023

In order to cope with the objective contradiction of the worsening environmental problems and the rigid demand for energy due to the rapid economic development, it is of great significance to explore the technology and management mode of microgrid which is self-used and locally consumed with renewable energy. In this study, on the basis of clarifying the construction goal of microgrid, the energy management system of microgrid is designed, the control mode consistent with the characteristics of renewable energy is selected, the business scope of microgrid is expanded according to the interactive needs of different users, and the intelligent interactive operation of microgrid is realized, which can make better use of renewable energy to meet the rising demand for energy while protecting the environment.
Simulation and risk analysis of dam failure in small terrace reservoirs in hilly areas
Authors: Liu Hu , Sang Guoqing , Liu Wei
Published: August 2023

This study uses numerical simulation to analyse the dam failure and risk of small series (parallel) reservoir clusters in the hilly areas of China. Four small series (parallel) reservoirs in the Guozhuang River basin of Tai’an City are used as the target of the study, and a two-dimensional hydrodynamic reservoir failure numerical model was constructed to analyse the riskiness of various series (parallel) dam failure scenarios. The results of the analysis can provide some technical support for the forecasting and scheduling of small terrace reservoirs in hilly areas.
Study on Noise Source Analysis and Control Method of Gas Station
Authors: Yan Xiaowei , Yang Fan , Liu Wei , Han Yiliang , He Qi
Published: August 2023

With the rapid development of economy, environmental issues have attracted more and more attention from all walks of life. As a new type of efficient energy, urban gas plays a vital role in promoting the healthy development of cities and mitigating urban air pollution. As the hub of urban gas, gas stations play the role of gas distribution, peak regulation and pressure regulation, and are necessary facilities for the safe and stable operation of urban gas pipeline network. With the increase of the number of urban gas stations, the noise problem generated by the stations is becoming increasingly prominent, which seriously affects the quality of people’s life and social environment. Based on the analysis of the causes of gas station noise, this paper analyzes the noise control strategy of gas station.
Application of Low Voltage Treatment Device Based on Electrochemical Energy Storage
Authors: Liang Zuquan , Ma Chao , Li Ziwei
Published: August 2023

With the rapid development of social economy, the power supply capacity of the existing power grid has been far from the increasing load demand, especially the summer (winter) peak period. The problems such as heavy overload of power grid equipment and low voltage of line are extremely prominent and seriously affects the safe and stable operation of the power grid. This problem is more serious in the rural power grid. In order to increase the progress, shorten the construction cost of upgrading and transformation of the traditional power grid, a technical scheme is proposed in this paper by using electrochemical energy storage technology to solve the overload and low voltage problems of local power grid equipment, and obvious results have been achieved through pilot project.
Research on optimal operation model of multi-energy complementary energy system considering multi-type peak shaving costs
Authors: Chen Jinhong , Chen Chongle , Lin Kai , Li Hua , Xie Chuansheng
Published: August 2023

The vigorous development of clean energy is an important way to achieve “Carbon peak, Carbon neutral”, but the inherent intermittent and uncontrollable power generation characteristics of clean energy such as scenery and other comprehensive factors make the energy consumption problem more prominent, and the multi-energy complementary can solve the energy consumption problem more effectively. However, the current study of multi-energy complementary operation only considers the fuel cost, load shedding and wind and solar abandonment cost, and does not consider enough the peaking cost of thermal power units and the life loss of batteries. To address these problems, a multi-energy complementary energy system operation optimization model considering multiple types of peaking costs is established, and the peaking costs of regulating units are modeled more finely and solved by a dynamic inertia weighted particle swarm algorithm. The results demonstrate that the addition of energy storage system can effectively reduce the total operating cost of the system under the condition of large-scale clean energy grid connection, and the addition of creeping cost and low load operating cost can reflect the cost of conventional units more realistically, which can better provide the dispatching strategy for the decision of multi-energy complementary operation of power system.
Experiment-based simulation of a cross-flow large-scale SOFC model
Authors: Song Zhonghui , Xiong Xingyu , Ba Liming , Liang Kao
Published: August 2023

The multi-physical field full-coupling simulation of solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) stack requires huge computational resources. Repeated iteration of highly non-linear calculation is easy to cause oscillation and lead to solution failure. At present, the simulation of SOFC stack models mainly focuses on the co-flow condition and counter-flow condition models. Most of them are simplified models that simplify the stack scale or physical field. In this paper, a SOFC decoupling model based on machine learning is established, and the full three-dimensional and multi-physical fields of the cross-flow large-scale SOFC stack are simulated. The model is divided into three parts for calculation, unit cell model, alternative mapping model, and cross-flow large-scale SOFC stack model. The alternative mapping model obtained by the BP neural network algorithm replaces the nonlinear multi-physics equations in the traditional model. Compared with the traditional method, the decoupling model can greatly reduce the computing resources and improve the stability of computing. In this paper, the experimental data of the single cell and the 30-layer stack are used to calibrate and verify the simulation results of stack. Studying the performance of the SOFC stack under different parameter conditions. Temperature, flow uniformity, gas mole fraction, and voltage distribution in the SOFC stack under different inlet flow rates and stack currents are obtained. Obtaining the output power and fuel utilization rate of the stack under different working conditions.
Nervus laryngeus recurrens
Authors: Corts Magga
Published: August 2023

In dieser DHZ-Ausgabe beschäftigt sich die Rubrik „Funktionelle Anatomie“ mit dem Nervus larnygeus recurrens
Nur verschnupft?
Authors: Schmid Eva C.
Published: August 2023

Bei der Entzündung der Nasennebenhöhlen (Sinusitis) ist der Sekretfluss in den mit der Nase verbundenen anatomischen Räumen gestört. Während eine akute Sinusitis in den meisten Fällen selbst ohne Behandlung nach 7–14 Tagen folgenlos ausheilt, gestaltet sich die Behandlung der chronischen Form oftmals langwierig: Manchmal bleiben die Symptome sogar ein Leben lang bestehen. Nach der Anamnese – eines der Symptome sollte ein behinderter Abfluss des Nasensekrets sein – erfolgt die Diagnostik durch Palpation, Perkussion, endoskopische Spiegelung sowie bei Verdacht auf eine chronische Sinusitis auch bildgebende Verfahren wie die Computertomografie.
Den Notfall erkennen
Authors: Schmid Eva C.
Published: August 2023

Bei jedem akuten Auftreten von Atemnot kann es sich um einen lebensbedrohlichen Notfall handeln, bei dem zügiges und besonnenes Handeln nötig wird. Hier geht es vor allem darum, Erste Hilfe zu leisten. Viele Atemprobleme treten vornehmlich bei Kindern auf – mit ganz unterschiedlicher Symptomatik. So zeigt das Beispiel des „sekundären Ertrinkens“, dass wir es selbst bei (vorübergehender) Symptomlosigkeit mit einem Notfall zu tun haben können. Die vorgestellten respiratorischen Notfälle – vom Rachen bis zu den Alveolen sowie solche der Pleura – haben vielfältige Ursachen. Sie können infolge von Unfällen oder Überanstrengung auftreten, eine anaphylaktische Reaktion anzeigen oder aber eine plötzliche Verschlechterung einer chronischen Erkrankung bedeuten.
Konzept einer komplexen Tumortherapie mit kurativem Anspruch auch in fortgeschrittenen Stadien
Authors: Schorr-Tschudnowski Moses
Published: August 2023

In diesem Beitrag geht es um einen onkologischen Behandlungskomplex, der eine Integration und kompatible Adaptation von komplementären naturheilkundlichen Behandlungsmethoden und neuen Behandlungsformen wie PAMP-Therapie und Checkpoint-Inhibitoren sowie einigen Elementen konventioneller Therapien enthält. Dabei wird besondere Aufmerksamkeit auf die Kompatibilität der unterschiedlichen Behandlungsformen und die Therapiesicherheit sowie die Vermeidung von Arzneimittelinteraktionen gelegt. Die Behandlungsmethode und der Verlauf der Genesung werden in komprimierter Form anhand von praktischen Fallbeispielen dargestellt.
Effect of Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells-Derived Conditioned Medium on Gene Expression and Differentiation of Tumor Necrosis Factor-α-Challenged Osteoblasts
Authors: Vongsakulpaisarn Poranee , Sangkhamanee Sujiwan Seubbuk , Rassameemasmaung Supanee , Sritanaudomchai Hathaitip
Published: August 2023

Objectives Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) causes bone resorption in periodontitis. It induces the production of receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) from osteoblasts, leading to the disturbance of bone homeostasis through RANKL, RANK, and osteoprotegerin (OPG) axis. This study aimed to explore the effect of periodontal ligament stem cells-derived conditioned medium (PDLSCs-CM) on gene expression related to bone homeostasis and the differentiation of TNF-α-challenged osteoblasts.

Materials and Methods Human osteoblasts were cultured with 50 ng/mL of TNF-α and 0, 1, 10, and 100 µg/ mL of PDLSCs-CM. Osteoblasts cultured without TNF-α and PDLSCs-CM were served as control. Gene expression of RANKL, OPG, and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) was evaluated by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction at 48 hours. The early-stage and late-stage differentiation of TNF-α-challenged osteoblasts without or with PDLSCs-CM was explored by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and alizarin red staining, respectively, at day 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12.

Statistical Analysis Mann–Whitney U test was used to analyze the differences in gene expression of TNF-α-challenged osteoblasts at 24 and 48 hours, and Kruskal–Wallis test was used to analyze the effect of PDLSCs-CM on gene expression and ALP activity among all experimental groups using SPSS software version 21.0. Statistical significance was considered with p-value less than 0.05.

Results Expression of RANKL, OPG and IL-1β was significantly upregulated in TNF-α-challenged osteoblasts compared to the untreated control. The PDLSCs-CM at 1 and 10 μg/mL downregulated gene expression of TNF-α-challenged osteoblasts compared to the group without PDLSCs-CM, but the difference did not reach statistical significance. The ALP activity was decreased in TNF-α-challenged osteoblasts. The addition of PDLSCs-CM did not alter ALP activity of TNF-α-challenged osteoblasts. Alizarin red staining was comparable in the TNF-α-challenged osteoblasts cultured without or with PDLSCs-CM.

Conclusions The PDLSCs-CM did not alter gene expression involved in bone homeostasis and differentiation of TNF-α-challenged osteoblasts.
The impact of housing macroprudential policy on firm innovation: empirical evidence from China
Authors: Chen Mengtao , Zhu Haojie , Sun Yongming , Jin Ruoxi
Published: August 2023

The ascent of housing booms and their impact on firm innovation has become a focal point of research, fueled by the remarkable upsurge in housing prices that have been witnessed across global over the past few decades. Despite the attention given to this subject, there has been limited exploration of the spillover effects of housing macroprudential policy (HMP) on firm innovation, which aims to regulate housing booms and ensure financial stability. In this study, we examine the relationship between HMP and firm innovation using panel data from Chinese firms located in 54 cities for the period spanning 2010 to 2019. Our empirical results reveal that tightened HMP promotes firm innovation and is robust to alternative measurements, additional fixed effects, Heckman regression, and IV regression. Moreover, our mechanism analysis demonstrates that HMP promotes firm innovation by reducing leverage and encouraging cash holdings. Further examination of city-level heterogeneity suggests that firms located in areas with lower housing dependency and limited financial development benefit more from HMP’s positive-effect on firm innovation. This paper contributes to the gap in the existing literature that neglects the spillover effect of HMP on firms’ innovation activities. Our findings also provide practical implications for both policymakers and businesses.
Popularization or occlusion of truth in the Platonic myths: Plutarch, Numenius, and Maximus of Tyre
Authors: Hilton Collin Miles
Published: August 2023

Why does Plato critique traditional myth so vehemently in the Republic, yet compose his own imagistic narratives in the very same dialogue? In this chapter, I examine the responses of Plutarch, Numenius, and Maximus of Tyre. Plutarch defends the use of myth on the grounds that it opens up philosophy for a wider audience, if taught carefully, while Numenius argues that it piously hides the truth from the uninitiated. Maximus draws on both lines of argument. Defending Plato’s corpus, particularly against Epicureans, led the Platonists of the early Empire to speculate on questions of hermeneutics and literary theory.
(Middle) Platonic philosophers in Lucian
Authors: Nesselrath Heinz-Günther
Published: August 2023

This paper attempts to assess whether we can find Platonic philosophers with more or less distinct Middle Platonist traits depicted in Lucian’s works. After a look at the terminology Lucian employs for denoting philosophers claiming allegiance to Plato, some case studies (on Platonists in Vitarum auctio, Nigrinus, Hermotimus, Piscator, Convivium, and Philopseudeis) address the question formulated above.
The concept of modern political confrontation in cyber space
Authors: Kormych Liudmyla , Zavhorodnia Yuliia
Published: August 2023

The purpose of the study is to determine the main forms of behavior of the participants of the political process in the information space of Ukraine and progressive informative countries of the world in order to achieve political goals and decisions that have a constructive or destructive function in the political system, considering social, cultural, legal, and ideological factors that affect interaction of participants during the confrontation of political processes in cyberspace. The subject of the study is the concept of modern political confrontation in cyberspace. Through the lens of a combination of international and national approaches to the development of effective ways of improvement for the further segmental possibility of use in the field of cybersecurity and cyber protection, the theoretical and practical underpinnings of political conflict in Ukraine were established. The protection of an individual’s and a citizen’s rights and freedoms was used in an approach that calls for the implementation of political conflict within the context of political interaction. The correlation of global cybersecurity in the context of the dichotomy “democratic political regime—non-democratic political regime” is revealed. It is proposed to borrow the experience of individual states regarding coordination of the increase of scientific potential and human resources in the field of the IT industry in order to achieve the highest level in the protection of the state’s critical infrastructure; improvement of the political system organization in the direction of the formation of an institutional subsystem at the modern informational level.
Vertical transmission does not always lead to benign pathogen–host associations
Authors: Shillcock George , Úbeda Francisco , Wild Geoff
Published: August 2023

Understanding the capacity of pathogens to cause severe disease is of fundamental importance to human health and the preservation of biodiversity. Many of those pathogens are not only transmitted horizontally between unrelated hosts but also vertically between parents and their progeny. It is widely accepted that vertical transmission leads to the evolution of less virulent pathogens, but this idea stems from research that neglects the evolutionary response of hosts. Here, we use a game-theory model of coevolution between pathogen and host to show that vertical transmission does not always lead to more benign pathogens. We highlight scenarios in which vertical transmission results in pathogens exhibiting more virulence. However, we also predict that more benign outcomes are still possible (a) when generating new horizontal infections inflicts too much damage on hosts, (b) when clearing an infection is too costly for the host, and (c) when vertical transmission is promoted by a greater growth rate of the host population. Though our work offers a new perspective on the role of vertical transmission in pathogen–host systems, it does agree with previous experimental work.
The phosphodiesterase RmcA contributes to the adaptation of Pseudomonas putida to l-arginine
Authors: Scribani-Rossi Chiara , Molina-Henares María Antonia , Angeli Simone , Cutruzzolà Francesca , Paiardini Alessandro , Espinosa-Urgel Manuel , Rinaldo Serena
Published: August 2023

Amino acids are crucial in nitrogen cycling and to shape the metabolism of microorganisms. Among them, arginine is a versatile molecule able to sustain nitrogen, carbon, and even ATP supply and to regulate multicellular behaviors such as biofilm formation. Arginine modulates the intracellular levels of 3′–5′cyclic diguanylic acid (c-di-GMP), a second messenger that controls biofilm formation, maintenance and dispersion. In Pseudomonas putida, KT2440, a versatile microorganism with wide biotechnological applications, modulation of c-di-GMP levels by arginine requires the transcriptional regulator ArgR, but the connections between arginine metabolism and c-di-GMP are not fully characterized. It has been recently demonstrated that arginine can be perceived by the opportunistic human pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa through the transducer RmcA protein (Redox regulator of c-di-GMP), which can directly decrease c-di-GMP levels and possibly affect biofilm architecture. A RmcA homolog is present in P. putida, but its function and involvement in arginine perceiving or biofilm life cycle had not been studied. Here, we present a preliminary characterization of the RmcA-dependent response to arginine in P. putida in modulating biofilm formation, c-di-GMP levels, and energy metabolism. This work contributes to further understanding the molecular mechanisms linking biofilm homeostasis and environmental adaptation.
Physical Activity for Quiescent and Mildly Active Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Oketola Banke , Akinrolie Olayinka , Webber Sandra , Askin Nicole , Rabbani Rasheda , Abou-Setta Ahmed M , Singh Harminder
Published: August 2023

Background

Physical activity (PA) may benefit people with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) by improving immunological response, musculoskeletal function, and psychological health.

Aims

We distilled available evidence on the efficacy and safety of PA to improve health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and relieve persistent symptoms of fatigue, joint pain, abdominal pain, stress, anxiety, and depression in individuals with quiescent/mild IBD.

Methods

We searched for trials in eight databases and trial registries. Trials using PA as an adjunct therapy in the management of adults (≥18 years) with quiescent or mild IBD, published in English between 2011 and 2023 were identified. Summary effect estimates were expressed as standardized mean difference (SMD) or mean difference (MD) with 95% confidence interval (CI) using random-effects model.

Results

From the 10,862 citations retrieved, we included seven randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and one non-RCT. There was no evidence of benefit of PA on HRQoL (SMD 0.34, 95%CI −0.08 to 0.77; I2 57%); high heterogeneity was noted among included trials. PA was found to be efficacious in reducing anxiety (SMD −0.35, 95%CI −0.65 to −0.05; I2 0%). There was insufficient evidence to make conclusions regarding changes in fatigue, joint pain, abdominal pain, stress, and depression. All trials deemed physical activity safe.

Conclusions

PA contributes to reducing anxiety in quiescent/mild IBD. There is marked heterogeneity in methodology among trials investigating PA in adults with quiescent/mild IBD. This review highlights the need for consistent definitions of PA types and intensities in this field of research.
Hormonal control of the molecular networks guiding vascular tissue development in the primary root meristem of Arabidopsis
Authors: Sun Yanbiao , Yang Baojun , De Rybel Bert
Published: August 2023

Vascular tissues serve a dual function in plants, both providing physical support and controlling the transport of nutrients, water, hormones, and other small signaling molecules. Xylem tissues transport water from root to shoot; phloem tissues transfer photosynthates from shoot to root; while divisions of the (pro)cambium increase the number of xylem and phloem cells. Although vascular development constitutes a continuous process from primary growth in the early embryo and meristem regions to secondary growth in the mature plant organs, it can be artificially separated into distinct processes including cell type specification, proliferation, patterning, and differentiation. In this review, we focus on how hormonal signals orchestrate the molecular regulation of vascular development in the Arabidopsis primary root meristem. Although auxin and cytokinin have taken center stage in this aspect since their discovery, other hormones including brassinosteroids, abscisic acid, and jasmonic acid also take leading roles during vascular development. All these hormonal cues synergistically or antagonistically participate in the development of vascular tissues, forming a complex hormonal control network.
Automatically calculating the apparent depths of pits using the Pit Topography from Shadows (PITS) tool
Authors: Le Corre Daniel , Mary David , Mason Nigel , Bernard-Salas Jeronimo , Cox Nick
Published: August 2023

Pits, or pit craters, are near-circular depressions found in planetary surfaces, which are generally formed through gravitational collapse. Pits will be primary targets for future space exploration and habitability for their presence on most rocky Solar System surfaces and their potential to be entrances to sub-surface cavities. This is particularly true on Mars, where caves have been simulated to harbour stable reserves of ice water across much of the surface. Caves can also provide natural shelter from the high radiation dosages experienced at the surface. Since pits are rarely found to have corresponding high-resolution elevation data, tools are required for approximating their depths in order to find those which are the ideal candidates for follow-up remote investigation and future exploration. The Pit Topography from Shadows (PITS) tool has been developed to automatically calculate the apparent depth of a pit (h) by measuring the width of its shadow as it appears in satellite imagery. The tool requires just one cropped single- or multiband image of a pit to calculate a profile of h along the length of the shadow, thus allowing for depth calculation where altimetry or stereo image data is not available. We also present a method for correcting shadow width measurements made in non-nadir observations for all possible values of emission and solar/satellite azimuth angles. Shadows are extracted using image segmentation in the form of k-means clustering and silhouette analysis. Across 19 shadow-labelled Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter red-band HiRISE images of atypical pit craters (APCs) from the Mars global cave candidate catalogue (MGC3), PITS detected 99.6 per cent of all shadow pixels (with 94.8 per cent of all detections being true shadow pixels). Following this testing, PITS has been applied to 123 red-band HiRISE images containing 88 APCs, which revealed an improvement in the variation of the calculated h due to emission angle correction, and also found 10 APCs that could be good candidates for cave entrances on Mars due to their h profiles.
The Transmission of Commodity Price Super-Cycles
Authors: Benguria Felipe , Saffie Felipe , Urzua Sergio
Published: August 2023

We examine two key channels through which commodity price super-cycles affect the economy: a wealth channel, through which higher commodity prices increase domestic demand, and a cost channel, through which they induce wage increases. By exploiting regional variation in exposure to commodity price shocks and administrative firm-level data from Brazil, we empirically disentangle these transmission channels. We introduce a dynamic model with heterogeneous firms and workers to further quantify the mechanisms and evaluate welfare. A counterfactual economy in which commodity booms are purely endowment shocks experiences only 30% of the intersectoral labour reallocation between tradables and nontradables, and 40% of the within-tradable labour reallocation between domestic and exported production. Finally, the consumption-equivalent welfare gain of a commodity super-cycle is twice as large in the counterfactual economy.