bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting after orthognathic surgery: a scoping review
Authors: Gao Peng-fei , Zhao Le , Li Shi-yue , Li Yue , Chen Ming-kai , Fu Jing , Ji Yang
Published: March 2024

Introduction

Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is one of the most common adverse events following orthognathic surgery. It’s a distressing feeling for patients and continues to be the cause of postoperative complications such as bleeding, delayed healing, and wound infection. This scoping review aims to identify effective PONV prophylaxis strategies during orthognathic surgery that have emerged in the past 15 years.

Methods

We searched Pubmed, Cochrane Controlled Register of Trials, and Embase from 2008 to May 2023. Studies meeting the following criteria were eligible for inclusion: (1) recruited patients undergo any orthognathic surgery; (2) evaluated any pharmacologic or non-pharmacologic method to prevent PONV. Studies meeting the following criteria were excluded: (1) case series, review papers, or retrospective studies; (2) did not report our prespecified outcomes.

Results

Twenty-one studies were included in this review. Pharmacological methods for PONV prevention include ondansetron and dexamethasone (3 studies), peripheral nerve block technique (4 studies), dexmedetomidine (1 study), pregabalin (2 studies), nefopam (2 studies), remifentanil (1 study), propofol (2 studies), and penehyclidine (1 study). Non-pharmacologic methods include capsicum plaster (1 study), throat packs (2 studies) and gastric aspiration (2 studies).

Conclusions

Based on current evidence, we conclude that prophylactic antiemetics like dexamethasone, ondansetron, and penehyclidine are the first defense against PONV. Multimodal analgesia with nerve block techniques and non-opioid analgesics should be considered due to their notable opioid-sparing and PONV preventive effect. For the non-pharmacological methods, throat packs are not recommended for routine use because of their poor effect and serious complications. More prospective RCTs are required to confirm whether gastric aspiration can prevent PONV effectively for patients undergoing orthognathic surgery.
Validation of a viable delirium detection test performed by nurses and physicians during routine patient care
Authors: Soboh Rashad , Gino-Moor Sharon , Jiris Nizar , Ginsberg Shira , Oliven Ron
Published: March 2024

Background

Delirium is a frequent mental impairment in geriatric patients hospitalized in acute care facilities. It carries a high risk of complications and is often the first symptom of acute illness. It is clearly important to identify the development of delirium at an early stage, and several short and effective diagnostic tests have been developed and validated for this purpose. Despite this, patients on hospital wards are seldom monitored for signs of emergent delirium, suggesting that compliance with guidelines would be improved by introducing a simpler and more user-friendly test.

Methods

We recently implemented a simple delirium assessment tool, called RMA that can be introduced into the daily routine of ward staff without significantly adding to their workload. The nurses noted their impression of the patient’s cognitive state in the electronic medical record, and during the morning round the ward physician administered a short attention test to any patients suspected of new cognitive impairment. In this study, we compared RMA test against the widely used and well validated 4AT.

Results

RMA performed daily by the ward staff was found to be non-inferior to 4AT performed by an experienced rater. Compared to 4AT, R&M had a sensitivity of 93.9% and a specificity of 98.3%. An Altman-Bland plot indicated that both tests can be used interchangeably.

Conclusions

The RMA test is reliable, easy to administer, likely to boost compliance with guidelines, and is expected to raise awareness of delirium among the nurses and physicians directly involved in the diagnostic process.
The relationship between healthy lifestyles and cognitive function in Chinese older adults: the mediating effect of depressive symptoms
Authors: Xian Guowei , Chai Yulin , Gong Yunna , He Wenfeng , Ma Chunxiao , Zhang Xiaolin , Zhang Jing , Ma Yong
Published: March 2024

Background

Previous studies have proven the positive relationship between healthy lifestyles and cognitive function in older adults. However, the specific impacts and mechanisms require further investigation. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate whether healthy lifestyles and cognitive function were associated with Chinese older adults and whether depressive symptoms mediated their association.

Methods

8272 valid samples were included using the latest data from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS). Pearson’s test was applied to investigate the relationship between the key variables. Regression models were employed to examine the mediating effects of healthy lifestyles, using Sobel’s test and the bootstrap method to confirm path effects.

Results

There was a significant correlation between healthy lifestyles, depressive symptoms, and cognitive function (p < 0.01). Healthy lifestyles directly impact cognitive function (β = 0.162, p < 0.01). Healthy lifestyles had a significant effect on depressive symptoms (β=-0.301, p < 0.01), while depressive symptoms have a significant impact on cognitive function (β=-0.108, p < 0.01). Depressive symptoms partially mediated the effect of healthy lifestyles on cognitive function (β = 0.032, p < 0.01). The Sobel and bootstrap tests confirmed the robustness of the regression analysis results.

Conclusion

Depressive symptoms mediate the relationship between healthy lifestyles and cognitive function. Our findings suggest that prevention strategies for cognitive impairment in older adults should focus on healthy lifestyles and mental health.
Spatiotemporal dynamics of cholera hotspots in the Democratic Republic of the Congo from 1973 to 2022
Authors: Taty Nadège , Bompangue Didier , Moore Sandra , Muyembe J. J. , de Richemond Nancy Meschinet
Published: March 2024

Background

Since the early 1970s, cholera outbreaks have been a major public health burden in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). Cholera cases have been reported in a quasi-continuous manner in certain lakeside areas in the Great Lakes Region. As these cholera-endemic health zones constitute a starting point for outbreaks and diffusion towards other at-risk areas, they play a major role in cholera dynamics in the country. Monitoring the spatiotemporal dynamics of cholera hotspots and adjusting interventions accordingly thus reduces the disease burden in an efficient and cost-effective manner.

Methods

A literature review was conducted to describe the spatiotemporal dynamics of cholera in the DRC at the province level from 1973 to 1999. We then identified and classified cholera hotspots at the provincial and health zone levels from 2003 to 2022 and described the spatiotemporal evolution of hotspots. We also applied and compared three different classification methods to ensure that cholera hotspots are identified and classified according to the DRC context.

Results

According to all three methods, high-priority hotspots were concentrated in the eastern Great Lakes Region. Overall, hotspots largely remained unchanged over the course of the study period, although slight improvements were observed in some eastern hotspots, while other non-endemic areas in the west experienced an increase in cholera outbreaks. The Global Task Force on Cholera Control (GTFCC) and the Department of Ecology and Infectious Disease Control (DEIDC) methods largely yielded similar results for the high-risk hotspots. However, the medium-priority hotspots identified by the GTFCC method were further sub-classified by the DEIDC method, thereby providing a more detailed ranking for priority targeting.

Conclusions

Overall, the findings of this comprehensive study shed light on the dynamics of cholera hotspots in the DRC from 1973 to 2022. These results may serve as an evidence-based foundation for public health officials and policymakers to improve the implementation of the Multisectoral Cholera Elimination Plan, guiding targeted interventions and resource allocation to mitigate the impact of cholera in vulnerable communities.
Predictors of antiretroviral treatment failure to the first line therapy: a cross-sectional study among Iranian HIV-positive adults
Authors: Hashempour Ava , Khodadad Nastaran , Ziaei Reza , Rezaei Behzad , Ghasabi Farzaneh , Falahi Shahab , Kenarkouhi Azra , Davarpanah Mohammad Ali
Published: March 2024

Background

HIV virological failure is one of the main problems in HIV-infected patients, and identifying the main predictors of such treatment failure may help in combating HIV/AIDS.

Methodology

This cross-sectional study included 1800 HIV-infected patients with either virological failure or treatment response. HIV viral load, CD4 count, and other tests were performed. Statistical analysis was used to determine the predictors of virological failure.

Results

Clinical stage, treatment with reverse transcriptase inhibitors (RTIs), under therapy for three years or more, suboptimal adherence to antiretroviral treatment (ART), age > 40 years, CD4 count < 200 cells/mm3, unemployment, being infected through sex, and the presence of symptoms were the predominant risk factors for virological failure. In addition, 55% of patients who experienced virological failure failed to experience immunological and/or clinical failure.

Conclusion

As the first study in southern Iran and the second in Iran, Iranian policymakers should focus on intensive counseling and adherence support and emphasize more effective treatment regimens such as protease and integrase inhibitors (PIs and INTIs), to increase the chance of a treatment response to ART. The accuracy of identifying clinical and immunological criteria in resource-limited settings is not promising. The present findings can be used to determine effective measures to control HIV treatment failure and design efficient strategies for the ambitious 95–95–95 plan.
Decreased renal function among children born to women with obstructed labour in Eastern Uganda: a cohort study
Authors: Mukunya David , Oguttu Faith , Nambozo Brendah , Nantale Ritah , Makoko Brian Tonny , Napyo Agnes , Tumuhamye Josephine , Wani Solomon , Auma Prossy , Atim Ketty , Nahurira Doreck , Okello Dedan , Wamulugwa Joan , Ssegawa Lawrence , Wandabwa Julius , Kiguli Sarah , Chebet Martin , Musaba Milton W.
Published: March 2024

Background

Over two million children and adolescents suffer from chronic kidney disease globally. Early childhood insults such as birth asphyxia could be risk factors for chronic kidney disease in later life. Our study aimed to assess renal function among children aged two to four years, born to women with obstructed labour.

Methods

We followed up 144 children aged two to four years, born to women with obstructed labor at Mbale regional referral hospital in Eastern Uganda. We used serum creatinine to calculate estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) using the Schwartz formula. We defined decreased renal function as eGFR less than 90 ml/min/1.73m2.

Results

The mean age of the children was 2.8 years, standard deviation (SD) of 0.4 years. Majority of the children were male (96/144: 66.7%). The mean umbilical lactate level at birth among the study participants was 8.9 mmol/L with a standard deviation (SD) of 5.0. eGFR of the children ranged from 55 to 163 ml/min/1.73m2, mean 85.8 ± SD 15.9. Nearly one third of the children (45/144) had normal eGFR (> 90 ml/Min/1.73m2), two thirds (97/144) had a mild decrease of eGFR (60–89 ml/Min/1.73m2), and only two children had a moderate decrease of eGFR (< 60 ml/Min/1.73m2). Overall incidence of reduced eGFR was 68.8% [(99/144): 95% CI (60.6 to 75.9)].

Conclusion

We observed a high incidence of reduced renal function among children born to women with obstructed labour. We recommend routine follow up of children born to women with obstructed labour and add our voices to those calling for improved intra-partum and peripartum care.
Patterns and treatment outcomes of primary bone tumors in children treated at tertiary referral hospital, Ethiopia
Authors: Lingerih Temesgen , Yeshiwas Sewagegn , Mohamedsaid Abdulkadir , Arega Gashaw
Published: March 2024

Background

Bone tumors account for approximately 6% of all cancers in children. Malignant bone tumors, commonly occurring in children and adolescents, are associated with high mortality and morbidity. The overall survival of children with primary malignant bone tumors is affected by the stage of disease, time of diagnosis, and treatment response. Despite advanced treatment modalities with chemotherapy, surgery, and radiotherapy, bone tumor is the third leading cause of death in children with malignancy. Patients with metastatic disease at diagnosis have poor outcomes compared to localized disease at presentation. The 5-year Overall Survival and event-free survival in children with primary malignant bone tumors were 85.2% and 69.2%. The study aimed to assess the clinicopathological profile and treatment outcomes of children with primary malignant bone tumors in our setup.

Materials and methods

A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 95 children who met the inclusion criteria through structured questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed using a statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 25. P-value < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Kaplan Meier survival estimate was used for overall and event-free survival analysis.

Results

A total of ninety-five patients met the study inclusion criteria and the median age at diagnosis with primary malignant bone tumors was 10 years, with an interquartile range of 8–12 years. The duration of the illness from the onset of symptoms to the oncologic treatment center ranges from three weeks to 2 years with a mean duration of five months. Swelling was the commonest presenting symptom accounting for 95.8% (n = 91). Lower extremity was the commonest primary site of involvement accounting for 55.8% (n = 53) of children with primary malignant bone tumors. Osteosarcoma was the commonest malignant bone tumor constituted 66.3% (n = 63), followed by Ewing sarcoma at 33.7% (n = 32).

About 41.2% (n = 39) of children had metastatic disease at presentation and the lung was the commonest site of distant metastasis. The Kaplan Meier survival estimate analysis showed the 1-year and 5-year overall survival probabilities for all pediatric primary malignant bone tumor patients were 65% (95% CI: 0.3–0.56) and 38% (95% CI:0.19–0.47) respectively. The 1-year and 5-year event-free survival probabilities were 55% (95% CI: 0.32–0.73) and 33% (95% CI: 0.10–0.59). The stage of the disease at presentation had a significant association with the outcome (p = 0.023).

Conclusion

Our study showed the mean duration of the illness from the onset of symptoms to the oncologic treatment center was 5 months ranging from 3 weeks to 2 years. More than one-third of the presented with metastatic disease at presentation. The 1-year and 5-year overall survival (OS) probabilities of children with primary malignant bone tumors were low in our setup compared to other studies.
The efficacy of bandage contact lens in relieving the aggravation of dry eye disease after complicated cataract or/and IOL surgery
Authors: Chen Dan , Xu Dejian , Wu Xingdi , Wang Jingwen , Sheng Siting , Yu Xuewen , Lin Xueqi , Liu Lirui , Ge Xian , Zhao Huiling , Xu Wen
Published: March 2024

Purpose

In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the efficacy of the bandage contact lens (BCLs) in the treatment of dry eye disease (DED) after complicated cataract or/and intraocular lens (IOL) surgery.

Methods

In this retrospective, single-centered, observational study, we collected data from 69 patients who underwent complicated cataract or/and IOL surgery. Of these, 35 cases wore their own BCLs immediately after the operation, while the other 34 cases did not have their own BCLs and were instead covered with gauze. The Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire, slit-lamp microscope examination, keratograph analysis, and Schirmer I test were measured at baseline, 1 week and 1 month postoperatively.

Results

In the BCL group, the score of the OSDI questionnaire was significantly decreased at 1 week and 1 month postoperatively compared with baseline levels (P = 0.000, collectively). Moreover, the fluorescein staining score of the BCL group was remarkably decreased 1-week and 1-month postoperatively compared with the non-BCL group (P = 0.000 and P = 0.000, respectively). Furthermore, the redness score of the BCL group was also better compared with the non-BCL group at 1 week and 1 month postoperatively (P = 0.014 and P = 0.004, respectively).

Conclusions

Complicated cataract or/and IOL surgery would intensify the DED. Early application of BCLs postoperatively improved patients’ comfort and alleviated dry eye-related symptoms and signs. Furthermore, this mechanism might involve the acceleration of corneal epithelial healing, the alleviation of ocular stress response and the stabilization of the tear film.

Trial registration

Trial registration ClinicalTrials, NCT04120389. Registered 10 October 2019—retrospectively registered.
Examining the relationship between non-suicidal self-harm and suicidality within the past 12-months and gaming problems in Norwegian full-time students
Authors: Leino Tony , Finserås Turi Reiten , Skogen Jens Christoffer , Pallesen Ståle , Kristensen Joakim Hellumbråten , Mentzoni Rune Aune , Sivertsen Børge
Published: March 2024

Background

Although gaming problems are associated with poor mental health, few population-based studies have examined its association with self-harm and suicidality. This study investigates the association between gaming problems, non-suicidal self-harm and suicidality within the past year, stratified by sex among Norwegian full-time students.

Methods

Data derived from the Norwegian Students’ Health and Wellbeing Study 2022 (N = 59,544). The respondents were categorized into non-gamers, recreational gamers, engaged gamers, problematic gamers, and addicted gamers based on the Game Addiction Scale for Adolescents. Log-link binomial regression models, stratified by sex, adjusted for age, were used to estimate the risk ratio of non-suicidal self-harm (ideation and behavior) and suicidal behaviors (ideation and attempt) across different levels of gaming problems.

Results

Among females, the risk of non-suicidal self-harm and suicidal ideation increased from non-gamer to problem gamer, with no differences between problem and addicted gamers. Among males, the risk of non-suicidal self-harm increased from non-gamers to engaged gamers, but no differences were observed between engaged, problematic, and addicted gamers. No sex × gaming category interaction was observed for suicide attempts. Engaged and addicted gamers had higher risks of suicide attempt than non-gamers and recreational gamers.

Conclusions

Gaming problems are associated with increased risk of non-suicidal self-harm and suicidal ideation among females. Among males, no differences were observed between engaged, problem and addicted gamers. The results highlight sex when studying health related outcomes and their association to level of gaming problems. Longitudinal studies are warranted to uncover the temporal mechanisms between IGD, non-suicidal self-harm and suicidality.
A case report of an atypical severe case of skin picking disorder managed by a multidisciplinary team
Authors: LeBlanc Marissa A. , Hudec Mary-Ann , Weise Lutz
Published: March 2024

Background

While skin picking disorder remains relatively common, it often does not present to psychiatry until significant morbidity or comorbidities are reached. It is described as recurrent picking of skin leading to skin lesions, with repeated attempts to decrease or stop skin picking. It is also often associated with significant distress or functional impairment. There has been limited research in this specific disorder and treatment efficacy has often been poor in severe cases. For various reasons, only a small amount of patients with this disorder present to care, and often to a multidisciplinary team prior to psychiatry.

Case presentation

This is a case presentation of a 44 year old male with a complex past psychiatric history, ultimately untreated for an underlying skin picking disorder. He presented for urgent medical care following a self-inflicted wound through the central frontal bone and dura over the course of 2 years. He was treated with current psychiatric evidence based medicine, including an SSRI, antipsychotic augmentation and NAC, along with habit reversal techniques during the admission. He was concurrently managed with the neurosurgery team, initially with a poor prognosis due to the severity of his presentation. He required debriding of the devitalized bone within the adjacent brain to cover the dural defect, IV antibiotics for 6 weeks, and an initial skin graft on his initial admission.

Conclusions

This case in particular highlighted the importance of urgent treatment via a multidisciplinary approach to avoid mortality. It highlights the importance of increasing awareness about the disorder and that treatment with SSRI’s, along with antipsychotic and NAC adjuncts remains the mainstay of acute treatment.
Racial/ethnic differences in the association between transgender-related U.S. state policies and self-rated health of transgender women
Authors: King Wesley M. , Gamarel Kristi E. , Fleischer Nancy L. , Radix Asa E. , Poteat Tonia C. , Chatters Linda M. , Operario Don , Reisner Sari L. , Wirtz Andrea L. ,   American Cohort to Study HIV Acquisition Among Transgender Women (LITE) Study Group, Althoff Keri N. , Beyrer Chris , Case James , Cooney Erin , Stevenson Meg , Adams Dee , Laeyendecker Oliver B. , Gaydos Charlotte , Mayer Kenneth , Cannon Christopher , Schneider Jason , Haw J. Sonya , Rodriguez Allan , Wawrzyniak Andrew J. , Meeks Sherri , Shackelford Sydney , Toussaint Nala , Wanzer SaVanna
Published: March 2024

Background

Policy protections for transgender adults in the United States are consistently associated with positive health outcomes. However, studies over-represent non-Latinx White transgender people and obscure variation in policies’ intended goals. This study examined racial differences in the relationship between transgender-related policies and transgender women’s self-rated health. Guided by Critical Race Theory, we hypothesized that policies conferring access to resources (e.g., healthcare) would be associated with better self-rated health among all participants while policies signifying equality (e.g., nondiscrimination laws) would be associated with better self-rated health only for White participants.

Methods

Using cross-sectional data collected between March 2018-December 2020 from 1566 transgender women, we analyzed 7 state-level ‘access policies,’ 5 ‘equality policies,’ and sum indices of each. Participants represented 29 states, and 54.7% were categorized as people of color. We fit a series of multilevel ordinal regression models predicting self-rated health by each policy. Multivariate models were adjusted for relevant covariates at the individual- and state-level. We then tested moderation by race/ethnicity using interaction terms and generated stratified predicted probability plots.

Results

In bivariate models, 4 access policies, 2 equality policies, and both indices were associated with better self-rated health, but associations did not persist in adjusted models. Results from the multivariable models including interaction terms indicated that policies concerning private insurance coverage of gender-affirming care, private insurance nondiscrimination, credit nondiscrimination, and both indices were statistically significantly associated with better self-rated health for White participants and worse self-rated health for participants of color.

Conclusions

The policies included in this analysis do not mitigate racism’s effects on access to resources, indicating they may be less impactful for transgender women of color than White transgender women. Future research and policy advocacy efforts promoting transgender women’s health must center racial equity as well as transgender people of color’s priorities.
Inspecting the “health poverty trap” mechanism: self-reinforcing effect and endogenous force
Authors: Fu Liping , Pei Tong , Xu Jiangtao , Han Jiarui , Yang Jie
Published: March 2024

Introduction

The term “health poverty trap” describes a vicious cycle in which developing countries or regions become trapped in low levels of health and poverty during the process of modernization. Although significant progress has been made in alleviating poverty in China, there is still a need to further enhance the living conditions of its impoverished population.

Methods

This research utilizes the data of the three national representative panel surveys from 2014 to 2020. The primary objective is to gain a better understanding of the intricate relationship between health and poverty. To examine the self-reinforcing effects of the cumulative cycle between health and poverty, we employ unconditional quantile regression analysis.

Result

The low-income group exhibits lower overall health status compared to the average level. Economic constraints partially hinder the ability of low-income individuals to access healthcare resources, thereby reinforcing the cyclical relationship between health and poverty. Additionally, the unique psychological and behavioral preferences of individuals in health poverty act as indirect factors that further strengthen this cycle. Health poverty individuals can generate endogenous force to escape the “health poverty trap” by enhancing their confidence levels and digital literacy.

Conclusions

The research examines the coexistence of health gradients and economic inequality among Chinese residents. Additionally, the study explores the endogenous force mechanism of escaping the health poverty trap from psychological and behavioral perspectives. This research also offers insights into optimizing government poverty alleviation programs to effectively address this issue.
Fixation technique of biodegradable magnesium alloy suture anchor in the rotator cuff repair of the shoulder in a goat model: a technical note
Authors: Hsu Wei-Chien , Wu Guan-Lin , Yeh Ming-Long
Published: March 2024

Background

Shoulder disorders, particularly rotator cuff tears, are prevalent musculoskeletal conditions related to aging. Although the widely used suture anchor technique provides strong mechanical support to the tendon, it is associated with a risk of postoperative tendon retearing. The conventionally used titanium alloys can affect the interpretation of magnetic resonance imaging. Degradable magnesium alloys possess excellent biocompatibility, similar mechanical property to the bone, and stimulating bone formation ability from Mg2+. The purpose of this experiment was to develop innovative magnesium-based suture anchors to enhance rotator cuff repair by improving fixation materials, and to evaluate their feasibility in a goat model.

Methods

We developed fluoridized ZK60 suture anchors as the implantation material for two goats, who underwent rotator cuff repair surgery on both shoulders. Computed tomography (CT) and histological analysis were performed at 12 weeks postoperatively, and the results were compared between the magnesium and titanium alloy groups. Additionally, a hematological examination was conducted, which included assessments of red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, coagulation function, liver function, kidney function, and magnesium ion concentration.

Results

The 12-week postoperative CT images showed intact MgF2 ZK60 suture anchors, effectively reconnecting the infraspinatus tendon to the humeral head. The anchors became less visible on CT scans, indicating absorption by surrounding tissues. New bone formation in the MgF2 group surpassed that in the Ti group, demonstrating superior osseointegration. The similarity between cortical bone and magnesium reduced stress-shielding and promoted bone regeneration. Histological analysis revealed successful tendon healing with MgF2 anchors, while the Ti group showed discontinuous interfaces and reduced collagen secretion. Hematological examination showed stable liver, renal function, and magnesium ion levels.

Conclusions

The findings indicate that MgF2-coated suture anchors are feasible for rotator cuff repair and potentially other orthopedic applications. We hope that magnesium alloy anchors can become the solution for rotator cuff tendon repair surgery.
Immediate effect of kinesiology taping on muscle strength, static balance and proprioception after eccentric muscle fatigue on ankle: a randomized cross-over trial
Authors: Li Yongjie , Xia Yuan , Zhang Dakuan , Fu Shenyu , Liu Mengling , Pan Xinyong , Liu Hongju
Published: March 2024

Background

Kinesiology Taping(KT) is commonly used as a physical therapy to prevent exercise-induced fatigue. This study aims to evaluate the immediate effects of KT on muscle strength, static balance, and proprioception after eccentric muscle fatigue on ankle.

Methods

Twenty healthy male university students were recruited. The experimental protocol was structured into four sessions, each separated by a one-week washout period to prevent carryover effects. Participants were randomly allocated to one of four intervention conditions in each session, ensuring no participant received the same intervention twice. These conditions were: no taping(NT),sham taping(ST),athletic taping(AT),and kinesiology taping(KT).Taping was applied immediately following an eccentric muscle fatigue protocol targeting the ankle, and assessments were conducted in the order of proprioception, muscle strength and static balance. Isometric muscle strength and proprioception were evaluated using the Biodex isokinetic system. Static balance was measured using the TecnoBody balance platform.

Results

KT had a significantly higher plantarflexion/dorsiflexion peak torque, dorsiflexion average peak torque, and plantarflexion/dorsiflexion average power at 60°/s compared with NT and ST in terms of isometric muscle strength (p < 0.05).Furthermore, the plantarflexion peak torque of KT was significantly greater than AT at 60°/s[p = 0.005,95% confidence interval(CI) = 3.39 to 18.20] and 180°/s[p = 0.006,95%CI(2.62,21.98)]. In terms of proprioception, KT showed a lower absolute error in 25° plantarflexion and 10° dorsiflexion compared to NT, ST and AT. For static balance with eyes-open and eyes-closed conditions, AT and KT had a lower total sway area than NT and ST (p < 0.05). Additionally, a significant difference in total sway length with eyes-open condition was observed between AT and KT[p < 0.001,95%CI(-431.81,-168.25)];total sway area and the center of pressure(COP) velocity in the mediolateral(ML) and anteroposterior(AP) directions with eyes-closed condition were significantly lower in AT compared to KT.

Conclusion

This study suggests that KT is more effective than other taping conditions in improving muscle strength and proprioception after eccentric muscle fatigue on ankle. However, AT is more helpful in increasing static postural control ability after ankle muscle fatigue than KT.

Trial registration

This study was registered with www.chictr.org.cn (registration number: ChiCTR2300068278) on 13/2/2023.
Characterization and application of in situ curcumin/ZNP hydrogels for periodontitis treatment
Authors: Liu Chengcheng , Chen Ying , Bai Huimin , Niu Yulong , Wu Yafei
Published: March 2024

Background

Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease that occurs in tooth-supporting tissues. Controlling inflammation and alleviating periodontal tissue destruction are key factors in periodontal therapy. This study aimed to develop an in situ curcumin/zinc oxide (Cur/ZNP) hydrogel and investigate its characteristics and effectiveness in the treatment of periodontitis.

Methods

Antibacterial activity and cytotoxicity assays were performed in vitro. To evaluate the effect of the in situ Cur/ZNP hydrogel on periodontitis in vivo, an experimental periodontitis model was established in Sprague‒Dawley rats via silk ligature and inoculation of the maxillary first molar with Porphyromonas gingivalis. After one month of in situ treatment with the hydrogel, we examined the transcriptional responses of the gingiva to the Cur/ZNP hydrogel treatment and detected the alveolar bone level as well as the expression of osteocalcin (OCN) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) in the periodontal tissues of the rats.

Results

Cur/ZNPs had synergistic inhibitory effects on P. gingivalis and good biocompatibility. RNA sequencing of the gingiva showed that immune effector process-related genes were significantly induced by experimental periodontitis. Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 (Ceacam1), which is involved in the negative regulation of bone resorption, was differentially regulated by the Cur/ZNP hydrogel but not by the Cur hydrogel or ZNP hydrogel. The Cur/ZNP hydrogel also had a stronger protective effect on alveolar bone resorption than both the Cur hydrogel and the ZNP hydrogel.

Conclusion

The Cur/ZNP hydrogel effectively inhibited periodontal pathogenic bacteria and alleviated alveolar bone destruction while exhibiting favorable biocompatibility.
Adding spontaneity to organizations – what hospice volunteers contribute to everyday life in German inpatient hospice and palliative care units: a qualitative study
Authors: Nassehi Armin , Saake Irmhild , Breitsameter Christof , Bauer Anna , Barth Niklas , Reis Isabell
Published: March 2024

Background

Volunteers have always been integral to hospice and palliative care. However, their roles have been left relatively undefined and broad.

Aim

This study aims to examine the role of hospice volunteers in German inpatient hospice and palliative care. The question we seek to answer is: What do hospice volunteers contribute to everyday life in inpatient hospice and palliative care units?

Methods

We undertook a multicenter, on-site qualitative interview study, utilizing problem-centered interviews with 16 volunteers from five inpatient hospice units and one hospital palliative care unit. Interviews were analyzed using grounded theory.

Results

Analysis of the interviews revealed three typical characteristics of how hospice volunteers’ describe their own role: (1) performing small acts of kindness, (2) creating a family-like atmosphere, (3) expecting emotional experiences. A common theme across all categories is the emphasis on spontaneous actions and personal experiences. The process of dying becomes an experience interpreted by volunteers as enriching, as a gift, as a “teacher”.

Conclusion

Granting hospice volunteers freedom to act spontaneously and intuitively benefits hospice and palliative care delivery. Organizations should leave sufficient room for spontaneity in order to involve volunteers effectively. Open and unstandardized roles facilitate dynamic work practices.
Digital stress perception among German hospital nurses and associations with health-oriented leadership, emotional exhaustion and work-privacy conflict: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Kräft Jessica , Wirth Tanja , Harth Volker , Mache Stefanie
Published: March 2024

Background

The use of digital information and communication technologies (ICT) can be accompanied by increased technostress for nursing staff, which in turn can be associated with health consequences. In addition, the use-related constant accessibility through ICT can have a negative impact on health-related recovery and regeneration phases. Health-promoting behaviors of supervisors can influence health complaints and conflicts between employees’ work and private lives. The present study investigates whether there is a corresponding relationship between digital stressors (technostressors) as well as health-oriented leadership and health outcomes among nurses.

Methods

In a quantitative online survey, hospital nursing staff (n = 243) was asked about techno-invasion, social environment, emotional exhaustion, work-privacy conflict and on the supervisors’ health-oriented staff-care dimensions awareness, value of health and health-oriented leadership behavior (HoL: awareness, value of health and health behavior). The associations of technostress, HoL and health outcomes were tested using regression analyses and performing a correlation.

Results

Significant positive associations between techno-invasion and health outcomes had been found. Social environment was not (positively) significantly related to either emotional exhaustion or work-privacy conflict. Health-oriented leadership moderated the association between social environment and work-privacy conflict.

Conclusions

The results confirm the relevance of measures to reduce technostress and the importance of health-oriented leadership as a health-promoting resource. For practice, offers should be implemented for a balanced work and personal life of the nursing staff as well as establishing competence trainings for supervisors to learn and implement health-promoting behaviors. When technology use can’t be reduced, options could be created to ensure that nurses’ work and private lives become more balanced. These could represent mindfulness practices.
Low TYROBP expression predicts poor prognosis in multiple myeloma
Authors: Luo Hong , Pan Chengyun , Wang Li , Zheng Lin , Cao Shuyun , Hu Xiuying , Hu Tianzhen , Zhao Naiqin , Shang Qin , Wang Jishi
Published: March 2024

Background

Multiple myeloma (MM) is the second most common refractory hematologic cancer. Searching for new targets and prognostic markers for MM is significant.

Methods

GSE39754, GSE6477 and GSE24080 were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in MM versus healthy people from GSE39754 and GSE6477 were screened using limma package, and MM-related module genes were chosen with the use of Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), and the two were intersected using ggVennDiagram for obtaining MM-related DEGs. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses were carried out. Then, protein–protein interactions (PPI) analysis in String database was used to obtain hub genes, while prognosis was analyzed by survival package in GSE24080. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was adopted for evaluating diagnostic value of hub genes. Besides, univariable/multivariable Cox regression were employed to screen independent prognostic biomarkers. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was used to find possible mechanism. Finally, western-blotting and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) verify TYROBP expression within MM and healthy people. We performed cell adhesion and transwell assays for investigating TYROBP function in MM cell adhesion and migration.

Results

Through differential analyses, 92 MM-related DEGs were obtained. 10 hub genes were identified by PPI and CytoHubba. Their diagnostic and prognostic significance was analyzed. Down-regulation of genes like TYROBP, ELANE, MNDA, and MPO related to dismal MM prognosis. Upon univariable/multivariable Cox regression, TYROBP independently predicted MM prognosis. GSEA pathway was enriched, indicating that TYROBP expression affected MM development via cell adhesion molecular pathway. Upon Western-blotting and RT-PCR assays, TYROBP expression among MM patients decreased relative to healthy donors. Cell adhesion and transwell migration assays revealed increased MM cell adhesion and decreased migration upon TYROBP up-regulation.

Conclusion

In summary, TYROBP is a potential prognostic marker for MM.
PFOA and testis cancer in the Veneto Region (Italy)
Authors: Saugo Mario , Ioverno Enrico , Olivieri Armando , Bertola Francesco , Pasinato Angela , Ducatman Alan
Published: March 2024

The largest documented episode of human contamination by PFOA in the world (approximately 150,000 actual residents on 1 January 2020) has occurred in Italy’s Veneto Region. In this large, mostly flat plain area, a cluster of testicular cancers has also been observed. Preliminary data are reported, and the most relevant and recent recommendations regarding the health surveillance of exposed individuals are emphasized.
Drug resistance in ovarian cancer: from mechanism to clinical trial
Authors: Wang Ling , Wang Xin , Zhu Xueping , Zhong Lin , Jiang Qingxiu , Wang Ya , Tang Qin , Li Qiaoling , Zhang Cong , Wang Haixia , Zou Dongling
Published: March 2024

Ovarian cancer is the leading cause of gynecological cancer-related death. Drug resistance is the bottleneck in ovarian cancer treatment. The increasing use of novel drugs in clinical practice poses challenges for the treatment of drug-resistant ovarian cancer. Continuing to classify drug resistance according to drug type without understanding the underlying mechanisms is unsuitable for current clinical practice. We reviewed the literature regarding various drug resistance mechanisms in ovarian cancer and found that the main resistance mechanisms are as follows: abnormalities in transmembrane transport, alterations in DNA damage repair, dysregulation of cancer-associated signaling pathways, and epigenetic modifications. DNA methylation, histone modifications and noncoding RNA activity, three key classes of epigenetic modifications, constitute pivotal mechanisms of drug resistance. One drug can have multiple resistance mechanisms. Moreover, common chemotherapies and targeted drugs may have cross (overlapping) resistance mechanisms. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) can interfere with and thus regulate the abovementioned pathways. A subclass of miRNAs, “epi-miRNAs”, can modulate epigenetic regulators to impact therapeutic responses. Thus, we also reviewed the regulatory influence of miRNAs on resistance mechanisms. Moreover, we summarized recent phase I/II clinical trials of novel drugs for ovarian cancer based on the abovementioned resistance mechanisms. A multitude of new therapies are under evaluation, and the preliminary results are encouraging. This review provides new insight into the classification of drug resistance mechanisms in ovarian cancer and may facilitate in the successful treatment of resistant ovarian cancer.
Denial of prescription pain medication among people who use drugs in Vancouver, Canada
Authors: Piret Evelyne Marie , Milloy M.-J. , Voon Pauline , Choi JinCheol , DeBeck Kora , Hayashi Kanna , Kerr Thomas
Published: March 2024

Background

People who use drugs experience pain at two to three times the rate of the general population and yet continue to face substantial barriers to accessing appropriate and adequate treatment for pain. In light of the overdose crisis and revised opioid prescribing guidelines, we sought to identify factors associated with being denied pain medication and longitudinally investigate denial rates among people who use drugs.

Methods

We used multivariable generalized estimating equations analyses to investigate factors associated with being denied pain medication among people who use drugs reporting pain in three prospective cohort studies in Vancouver, Canada. Analyses were restricted to study periods in which participants requested a prescription for pain from a healthcare provider. Descriptive statistics detail denial rates and actions taken by participants after being denied.

Results

Among 1168 participants who requested a prescription for pain between December 2012 and March 2020, the median age was 47 years and 63.0% were male. Among 4,179 six-month observation periods, 907 (21.7%) included a report of being denied requested pain medication. In multivariable analyses, age was negatively associated with prescription denial (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 0.98, 95% confidence interval [CI]:0.97–0.99), while self-managing pain (AOR = 2.48, 95%CI:2.04–3.00), experiencing a non-fatal overdose (AOR = 1.51, 95%CI:1.22–1.88), engagement in opioid agonist therapy (AOR = 1.32, 95%CI:1.09–1.61), and daily use of heroin or other unregulated opioids (AOR = 1.32, 95%CI:1.05–1.66) were positively associated with being denied. Common actions taken (n = 895) after denial were accessing the unregulated drug supply (53.5%), doing nothing (30.6%), and going to a different doctor/emergency room (6.1%). The period following the introduction of new prescribing guidelines was not associated with a change in denial rates.

Conclusions

A substantial proportion of people who use drugs continue to be denied prescriptions for pain, with such denial associated with important substance use-related harms, including non-fatal overdose. Guidelines specific to the pharmaceutical management of pain among people who use drugs are needed.
Association of hospital-based substance use supports on emergency department revisits: a retrospective cohort study in Sudbury, Canada from 2018 to 2022
Authors: Tatangelo Mark , Landry Russell , Beaulieu Denis , Watson Catherine , Knowlan Shannon , Anawati Alex , Bodson Adele , Aubin Natalie , Marsh David C. , Leary Tara , Morin Kristen A.
Published: March 2024

Background

This study compares emergency department (ED) revisits for patients receiving hospital-based substance-use support compared to those who did not receive specialized addiction services at Health Sciences North in Sudbury, Ontario, Canada.

Methods

The study is a retrospective observational study using administrative data from all patients presenting with substance use disorder (SUD) at Health Sciences North from January 1, 2018, and August 31, 2022 with ICD-10 codes from the Discharge Abstract Database (DAD) and the National Ambulatory Care Database (NACRS). There were two interventions under study: addiction medicine consult services (AMCS group), and specialized addiction medicine unit (AMU group). The AMCS is a consult service offered for patients in the ED and those who are admitted to the hospital. The AMU is a specialized inpatient medical unit designed to offer addiction support to stabilize patients that operates under a harm-reduction philosophy. The primary outcome was all cause ED revisit within 30 days of the index ED or hospital visit. The secondary outcome was all observed ED revisits in the study period. Kaplan–Meier curves were used to measure the proportion of 30-day revisits by exposure group. Odds ratios and Hazard Ratios were calculated using logistic regression models with random effects and Cox-proportional hazard model respectively.

Results

A total of 5,367 patients with 10,871 ED index visits, and 2,127 revisits between 2018 and 2022 are included in the study. 45% (2,340/5,367) of patient were not admitted to hospital. 30-day revisits were less likely among the intervention group: Addiction Medicine Consult Services (AMCS) in the ED significantly reduced the odds of revisits (OR 0.53, 95% CI 0.39–0.71,p < 0.01) and first revisits (OR 0.42, 95% CI 0.33–0.53,p < 0.01). The AMU group was associated with lower revisits odds (OR 0.80, 95% CI 0.66–0.98,p = 0.03). For every additional year of age, the odds of revisits slightly decreased (OR 0.99, 95% CI 0.98–1.00,p = 0.01) and males were found to have an increased risk compared to females (OR 1.50, 95% CI 1.35–1.67,p < 0.01).

Interpretation

We observe statistically significant differences in ED revisits for patients receiving hospital-based substance-use support at Health Sciences North. Hospital-based substance-use supports could be applied to other hospitals to reduce 30-day revisits.