bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Territorial Defence Force in Disaster Response in Poland: Civil-Military Collaboration during a State of Emergency
Authors: Goniewicz Krzysztof , Goniewicz Mariusz , Burkle Frederick M.
Published: January 2019

The functioning of the “territorial army” of Poland is described in military history alongside that of the regular active combat troops. The main aim in creating “territorial troops” was to strengthen the state’s defence system. In countries with relatively long traditions concerning such troops, they now constitute an important link in the state’s defence system, counting close to the regular operational forces. Their purpose, and thus the goals and tasks set for them, depend on the specific needs related to the security of a given state, and are adequate in addressing the occurrence of possible threats. Given international guidelines for the proper use of the military in natural disasters and the rapidly changing landscape required for emergency assistance, Poland has recreated disaster-related operations of the existing Territorial Defence Force, now under the designated Territorial Defence Force, which will be limited to the territory of the country and largely focused on cooperation with the civilian sector. This article is written for two major reasons: One to both present the conditions and possibilities of cooperation between the Territorial Defence Force and public administration in the event of a natural disaster within Poland, and two to foster shared guidance and feedback from countries undergoing similar advancements. This is especially crucial in recognition that natural disasters are increasingly impacted by cross-border factors such as climate extremes, biodiversity losses, rapid and often unsustainable urban population growth, refugee migrations, growing scarcities of water, energy and food, and increasing risks of internal conflict all of which place increasing demands on Poland and its neighbors to begin a larger dialogue of cooperation.
No-Reference Image Quality Assessment with Local Gradient Orientations
Authors: Oszust Mariusz
Published: January 2019

Image processing methods often introduce distortions, which affect the way an image is subjectively perceived by a human observer. To avoid inconvenient subjective tests in cases in which reference images are not available, it is desirable to develop an automatic no-reference image quality assessment (NR-IQA) technique. In this paper, a novel NR-IQA technique is proposed in which the distributions of local gradient orientations in image regions of different sizes are used to characterize an image. To evaluate the objective quality of an image, its luminance and chrominance channels are processed, as well as their high-order derivatives. Finally, statistics of used perceptual features are mapped to subjective scores by the support vector regression (SVR) technique. The extensive experimental evaluation on six popular IQA benchmark datasets reveals that the proposed technique is highly correlated with subjective scores and outperforms related state-of-the-art hand-crafted and deep learning approaches.
High Energy Behavior in Maximally Supersymmetric Gauge Theories in Various Dimensions
Authors: Kazakov Dmitry , Bork Leonid , Borlakov Arthur , Tolkachev Denis , Vlasenko Dmitry
Published: January 2019

Maximally supersymmetric field theories in various dimensions are believed to possess special properties due to extended supersymmetry. In four dimensions, they are free from UV divergences but are IR divergent on shell; in higher dimensions, on the contrary, they are IR finite but UV divergent. In what follows, we consider the four-point on-shell scattering amplitudes in D = 6 , 8 , 10 supersymmetric Yang–Mills theory in the planar limit within the spinor-helicity and on-shell supersymmetric formalism. We study the UV divergences and demonstrate how one can sum them over all orders of PT. Analyzing the R -operation, we obtain the recursive relations and derive differential equations that sum all leading, subleading, etc., divergences in all loops generalizing the standard RG formalism for the case of nonrenormalizable interactions. We then perform the renormalization procedure, which differs from the ordinary one in that the renormalization constant becomes the operator depending on kinematics. Solving the obtained RG equations for particular sets of diagrams analytically and for the general case numerically, we analyze their high energy behavior and find that, while each term of PT increases as a power of energy, the total sum behaves differently: in D = 6 two partial amplitudes decrease with energy and the third one increases exponentially, while in D = 8 and 10 the amplitudes possess an infinite number of periodic poles at finite energy.
Botulinum Neurotoxin Therapy for Lingual Dystonia Using an Individualized Injection Method Based on Clinical Features
Authors: Yoshida Kazuya
Published: January 2019

Lingual dystonia is a debilitating type of oromandibular dystonia characterized by involuntary, often task-specific, contractions of the tongue muscle activated by speaking or eating. Botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) has been used to treat lingual dystonia; however, it is known to cause serious complications, such as dysphasia and aspiration. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and adverse effects of individualized BoNT therapy for lingual dystonia. One-hundred-and-seventy-two patients (102 females and 70 males, mean age: 46.2 years) with lingual dystonia were classified into four subtypes based on symptoms of involuntary tongue movements: protrusion (68.6%), retraction (16.9%), curling (7.6%), and laterotrusion (7.0%). Patients were treated with BoNT injection into the genioglossus and/or intrinsic muscles via individualized submandibular and/or intraoral routes. Results were compared before and after BoNT therapy. Botulinum neurotoxin was injected in 136 patients (mean: 4.8 injections). Clinical sub-scores (mastication, speech, pain, and discomfort) in a disease-specific rating scale were reduced significantly (p < 0.001) after administration. Comprehensive improvement after BoNT injection, assessed using the rating scale, was 77.6%. The curling type (81.9%) showed the greatest improvement, while the retraction type showed the least improvement (67.9%). Mild and transient dysphasia occurred in 12.5% of patients (3.7% of total injections) but disappeared spontaneously within several days to two weeks. No serious side effects were observed. With careful diagnosis of subtypes and a detailed understanding of lingual muscle anatomy, individualized BoNT injection into dystonic lingual muscles can be effective and safe.
Toxin Neutralization Using Alternative Binding Proteins
Authors: Jenkins Timothy Patrick , Fryer Thomas , Dehli Rasmus Ibsen , Jürgensen Jonas Arnold , Fuglsang-Madsen Albert , Føns Sofie , Laustsen Andreas Hougaard
Published: January 2019

Animal toxins present a major threat to human health worldwide, predominantly through snakebite envenomings, which are responsible for over 100,000 deaths each year. To date, the only available treatment against snakebite envenoming is plasma-derived antivenom. However, despite being key to limiting morbidity and mortality among snakebite victims, current antivenoms suffer from several drawbacks, such as immunogenicity and high cost of production. Consequently, avenues for improving envenoming therapy, such as the discovery of toxin-sequestering monoclonal antibodies against medically important target toxins through phage display selection, are being explored. However, alternative binding protein scaffolds that exhibit certain advantages compared to the well-known immunoglobulin G scaffold, including high stability under harsh conditions and low cost of production, may pose as possible low-cost alternatives to antibody-based therapeutics. There is now a plethora of alternative binding protein scaffolds, ranging from antibody derivatives (e.g., nanobodies), through rationally designed derivatives of other human proteins (e.g., DARPins), to derivatives of non-human proteins (e.g., affibodies), all exhibiting different biochemical and pharmacokinetic profiles. Undeniably, the high level of engineerability and potentially low cost of production, associated with many alternative protein scaffolds, present an exciting possibility for the future of snakebite therapeutics and merit thorough investigation. In this review, a comprehensive overview of the different types of binding protein scaffolds is provided together with a discussion on their relevance as potential modalities for use as next-generation antivenoms.
Entanglement and Disordered-Enhanced Topological Phase in the Kitaev Chain
Authors: Levy Liron , Goldstein Moshe
Published: January 2019

In recent years, tools from quantum information theory have become indispensable in characterizing many-body systems. In this work, we employ measures of entanglement to study the interplay between disorder and the topological phase in 1D systems of the Kitaev type, which can host Majorana end modes at their edges. We find that the entanglement entropy may actually increase as a result of disorder, and identify the origin of this behavior in the appearance of an infinite-disorder critical point. We also employ the entanglement spectrum to accurately determine the phase diagram of the system, and find that disorder may enhance the topological phase, and lead to the appearance of Majorana zero modes in systems whose clean version is trivial.
Influence of Landscape Structures on Water Quality at Multiple Temporal and Spatial Scales: A Case Study of Wujiang River Watershed in Guizhou
Authors: Xu Guoyu , Ren Xiaodong , Yang Zhenhua , Long Haifei , Xiao Jie
Published: January 2019

Water quality is highly influenced by the composition and configuration of landscape structure, and regulated by various spatiotemporal factors. Using the Wujiang river watershed as a case study, this research assesses the influence of landscape metrics—including composition and spatial configuration—on river water quality. An understanding of the relationship between landscape metrics and water quality can be used to improve water contamination predictability and provide restoration and management strategies. For this study, eight water quality variables were collected from 32 sampling sites from 2014 through 2017. Water quality variables included nutrient pollutant indicators ammoniacal nitrogen (NH3-N), nitrogen (NO3−), and total phosphate (TP), as well as oxygen-consuming organic matter indicators COD (chemical oxygen demand), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), dissolved oxygen (DO), and potassium permanganate index (CODMn). Partial least squares (PLS) regression was used to quantitatively analyze the influence of landscape metrics on water quality at five buffer zone scales (extending 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15 km from the sample site) in the Wujiang river watershed. Results revealed that water quality is affected by landscape composition, landscape configuration, and precipitation. During the dry season, landscape metrics at both landscape and class levels predicted organic matter at the five buffer zone scales. During the wet season, only class-level landscape metrics predicted water contaminants, including organic matter and nutrients, at the middle three of five buffer scales. We identified the following important indicators of water quality degradation: percent of landscape, edge density, and aggregation index for built-up land; aggregation index for water; CONTAGION; COHESION; and landscape shape index. These results suggest that pollution can be mitigated by reducing natural landscape composition fragmentation, increasing the connectedness of region rivers, and minimizing human disturbance of landscape structures in the watershed area.
A Practical Protocol for the Experimental Design of Comparative Studies on Water Treatment
Authors: Ho Long , Thas Olivier , Van Echelpoel Wout , Goethals Peter
Published: January 2019

The design and execution of effective and informative experiments in comparative studies on water treatment is challenging due to their complexity and multidisciplinarity. Often, environmental engineers and researchers carefully set up their experiments based on literature information, available equipment and time, analytical methods and experimental operations. However, because of time constraints but mainly missing insight, they overlook the value of preliminary experiments, as well as statistical and modeling techniques in experimental design. In this paper, the crucial roles of these overlooked techniques are highlighted in a practical protocol with a focus on comparative studies on water treatment optimization. By integrating a detailed experimental design, lab experiment execution, and advanced data analysis, more relevant conclusions and recommendations are likely to be delivered, hence, we can maximize the outputs of these precious and numerous experiments. The protocol underlines the crucial role of three key steps, including preliminary study, predictive modeling, and statistical analysis, which are strongly recommended to avoid suboptimal designs and even the failure of experiments, leading to wasted resources and disappointing results. The applicability and relevance of this protocol is demonstrated in a case study comparing the performance of conventional activated sludge and waste stabilization ponds in a shock load scenario. From that, it is advised that in the experimental design, the aim is to make best possible use of the statistical and modeling tools but not lose sight of a scientific understanding of the water treatment processes and practical feasibility.
MOVEMENT OF THE VEHICLE BEING BRAKED WHEN SOME WHEELS ARE INCAPABLE OF BRAKING OR HAVE LOST TOUCH WITH THE ROAD SURFACE
Authors: Lukoševičiene Ona , Sokolovskij Edgar
Published: January 2019

Movement of the vehicle when its certain wheels have lost contact with the surface of the road or cannot be held up through other reasons is considered in the present article. The vehicle deceleration and speed which is equivalent to the corresponding length of the braking trace of the wheels when all wheels of the vehicle are being held up and when its certain wheels have lost contact with the surface of the road or cannot be held up through other reasons are ascertained. The results of the computer experiment are presented.
USE OF AN EXPENDITURE REDUCING MODEL IN RAILWAY CARRIAGE
Authors: Lingaitiene Olga , Lingaitis Vytautas
Published: January 2019

Passenger transportation by railway is fast, safe, convenient and affordable for people, but it is usually not profitable for the state. Therefore, making passenger transportation profitable is a task of vital importance. Various calculations are used to optimize this process.

The paper considers the problems of economical passenger transportation which may by described by two models: the first model is based on the assessment of income‐expenses of separate services, while the second model is related to the assessment of expenses according to their types.
SIMULATION MODELING OF THE GROUP OF MULTIMODAL CARGO LINES INCLUDING WATER TRANSPORT
Authors: Kazakov Nikolay
Published: January 2019

The aim of this paper is to present the concept of making a simulation model of the multimodal cargo lines group including water transport and the principles of its formation in the form of interconnected similar modules. The paper presents a generalized algorithm for choosing the optimum multimodal transportation variant on the basis of simulation modeling. The matter of the paper is given on the example of the organization of export and import cargoes multimodal transportation by Belarus in southern direction.
IMPROVEMENT OF RAILWAY TOPOGRAPHIC PLANS UPDATING TECHNOLOGIES
Authors: Sužiedelytė-Visockienė Jūratė
Published: January 2019

Peculiar technologies on the update of topographic map linear objects to scale 1:500–1:2000 are presented. Due to that resulted peculiarities make aerial photographs, carrying out digital aerial triangulation, renewing the topographical plan.

The article deals with the submitted example of the topographic plan exhibiting the renovated railway in the city of Vilnius. The updating has been made on the aerial photograph on 1:4000 scale with the photogrammetric instrument PlaniComp P3. The objects possessing no identification in photogrammetry are measured by means of a geodetic method. The redacting varied objects in a database are drawn with AutoCadsoftware.

On the basis of this work it is possible to state that for fast and exact updating of topographic plans a progressive photogrammetric method is recommended. It is advised the edition data base to be made by the same operator who made photogrammetric work. The objects are visible in an aerial photo, but no identifying photogrammetry should be applied locally.

Digital, renewed data are necessary for drawing up geo information systems (GIS) of the railway, to be able to make fast decisions of urgent problems.
THE EVALUATION OF TRANSIT TRANSPORT PROBABLE EFFECTS ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF COUNTRY'S ECONOMY
Authors: Litvinenko Michail , Palšaitis Ramūnas
Published: January 2019

The article describes the peculiarities of transit transport influence on the development of country's economy. The authors analyze transit transport definition and define the economic importance of transit transport. The first part of the article is assigned to the consideration of transit cargo transportation as an integral object of scientific research. The survey is supported with the comparative analysis of different scientists’ approaches to the transit transportation performance modelling. The evaluation of transit transport benefit for the economy of the country is presented. The concise summary of a principal thesis and conclusions may be useful for further analyses of different aspects or transit transport.
WORLD TENDENCES OF CIVIL AVIATION DEVELOPMENT AND THE ENLARGEMENT OF THE LITHUANIAN CIVIL AVIATION
Authors: Butkevičius Jonas , Jarašūnienė Aldona
Published: January 2019

The article deals with global trends in civil aviation, such as: liberalisation of aviation market, globalisation of airlines, privatisation of airlines and invasion of low cost airlines into the market. Also the influence of these trends on the Lithuanian civil aviation activities has been defined.

The Lithuanian civil aviation activities have been analysed: activities of international airports, passenger and cargo carriers, passenger routes and passenger flows, transportation market and airplane fleet. The problems of the Lithuanian civil aviation activities have been identified and suggestions for the development of the Lithuanian civil aviation activities have been proposed.
SIMULATION-BASED FORECASTING EFFECTS OF AN ACCIDENTAL EXPLOSION ON THE ROAD. PART I: METHODOLOGICAL FRAMEWORK
Authors: Vaidogas Egidijus R.
Published: January 2019

Forecasting mechanical actions induced by accidental explosions on the road is of crucial importance to assessing potential damage to structures and non‐structural property exposed to them. A logical result of such forecasting may be expressed in the form of probabilistic models. They should quantify likelihood of occurrence and physical characteristics of accidental explosions. Generally the models are to be selected under the conditions of sparse statistical information on intensities and likelihood of explosive actions. The first part of the present paper proposes a simulation‐based procedure intended for selection of the probabilistic models in the absence of direct statistical data on the explosive actions. The proposed procedure is formulated in the context of the classical Bayesian approach to risk assessment. The main idea of the procedure is that statistical samples necessary for fitting the probabilistic models can be acquired from a stochastic simulation of an accident involving an explosion on the road. The proposed simulation‐based procedure can be used for damage assessment and risk studies within the methodological framework provided by the above‐mentioned approach. A case study illustrating an application of the proposed procedure is given in the second part of the paper.
SIMULATION-BASED FORECASTING EFFECTS OF AN ACCIDENTAL EXPLOSION ON THE ROAD. PART II: CASE STUDY
Authors: Vaidogas Egidijus R.
Published: January 2019

The paper contains a case study covering forecasting mechanical effects of an explosion which can be generated during a road accident. It illustrates a practical application of the simulation‐based procedure developed for such forecasting in the first part of the paper. The case study reveals the amount and character of the knowledge necessary to carry out this forecasting. Its final result is a probabilistic model describing likelihood of occurrence of accidental explosion as well as characteristics of the incident blast wave generated by this explosion. The accident simulation is based on the classical Bayesian approach to risk assessment. The case study described in the paper shows how to formulate the initial knowledge in line with this approach. Particular attention has been given to handling subjective information (expert opinions) within the problem under analysis. It is shown that this information is indispensable for dealing with the sparseness of hard experience data on most of the phenomena leading to an accidental explosion. The stochastic simulation demonstrated in the paper serves the purpose of propagating uncertainties related to these phenomena. The probabilistic action model describing the potential explosion takes account of these uncertainties.
IMPROVEMENT OF URBAN PASSENGER TRANSPORT TICKETING SYSTEMS BY DEPLOYING INTELLIGENT TRANSPORT SYSTEMS
Authors: Jakubauskas Gražvydas
Published: January 2019

The main advantages and disadvantages of conventional and intelligent ticketing systems and possible positive outcomes when introducing intelligent transport solutions ‐ namely smart cards or e‐ticketing instead of conventional ones (paper tickets and magnetic cards) are analysed in the paper. Two ideas of creating an intelligent ticketing system in an urban public transport are scrutinized. The first is electronic ticket and related equipment, the second ‐ e‐ticket and functional areas of it. In the article analysis has also been made on practical outcomes related with introduction of smart cards and e‐ticketing. Practical tests and trials as well as a subsequent implementation of electronic tickets have proved unchallenged advantages of contactless smart cards against the contact ones. Nevertheless, a new age of modern technologies calls even for more effective solutions ‐ namely virtual‐ticketing systems that might be achieved through introduction of mobile technologies. Therefore, the main focus in the paper is made on the analysis of e-ticket.
MODELING STREAM SPEED IN HETEROGENEOUS TRAFFIC ENVIRONMENT USING ANN‐LESSONS LEARNT
Authors: Basu Debasis , Maitra Bhargab
Published: January 2019

In order to model traffic stream speed resulting from complex interactions among different vehicle types in a heterogeneous/mixed traffic volume, an Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) approach is exploited. Two different categories of ANN model are attempted based on input vectors used. The performance of both categories of ANN model is evaluated using traditional evaluation framework. In addition, relevant logical test is carried out with both categories of ANN model. It is shown that selection of suitable input vectors and carrying out of relevant logical test are the two essential components for ANN model development process.
INVESTIGATION OF ROAD ACCIDENTS ON LITHUANIAN STATE ROADS
Authors: Sadauskas Vigilijus
Published: January 2019

Fast development of the number of vehicles is closely related to large benefit for the public and also to certain undesirable large numbers of injured and killed people involved in the accidents. What must be done? It is necessary in the nearest future to improve traffic safety situation in Lithuania. This can be reached after the detailed evaluation of accident analysis and investigations. Only a systematic and consistent approach to comprehensive traffic accident analysis can reduce the losses of lives and property in road traffic. This approach can be summarized in basic action ‐ to establish the accident analysis and investigation groups.
ESTIMATION OF EXPECTED CARGO OIL OUTFLOW FROM TANKER INVOLVED IN CASUALTY
Authors: Smailys Vytautas , Česnauskis Mindaugas
Published: January 2019

Modified version of simplified probabilistic methodology, designed for estimation of expected cargo oil outflow from tanker involved in casualty, is proposed. Suggested modified methodology can be used in the circumstances, when only very limited initial input data about the incident and tanker design is available. When applied in certain sea region (for example in Lithuanian sector of the Baltic Sea area), proposed methodology can be used in extremely short time spans, ‐ estimation procedure requires several times less time than standard IMO methodologies, and gives quite insignificant errors of estimated oil outflow.
PLANNING OF THE AMOUNT OF TRAINS NEEDED FOR TRANSPORTATION BY RAIL
Authors: Jonaitis Jonas
Published: January 2019

The article analyses the importance of planning process of rail transportation. Railway planning problems are presented in this paper. Planning the railways for years, months, weeks or days ahead leads to substantially different problems; in this regard railway planning problems can be strategic, tactical, operational and short‐term. Another way to classify railway planning problems is based on their target: they concern the timetable, the rolling stock and the crew. Planning the structure and volume of the rolling stock is a key factor in achieving maximum efficiency of transportation by rail as well as forecasting the demand for these transport facilities. The demand for trains is a time‐dependant variable which in each case should be determined by two main approaches. The first method allows us to determine quantitative parameters of rolling stock (i.e. kilometers logged, efficiency, turnover, etc.). The second is based on specially developed mathematical models relying on qualitative characteristics such as relative expenses, efficiency of the particular train, relative expenditure of resources, cost of the trains, etc.

Planning the volume of the rolling stock the determination of optimal service life of the trains plays an important role. The calculations involve repair costs, number of overhauls, current expenses and operational characteristics.
LOCATING STATIONS OF PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION VEHICLES FOR IMPROVING TRANSIT ACCESSIBILITY
Authors: Ziari Hassan , Keymanesh Mahmud R. , Khabiri Mohammad M.
Published: January 2019

Since transportation is one of the most complicated and the basic problem of urban life in developing countries at the present time and in various dimensions, so it is necessary to view it more scientifically‐ practically.

Reducing travelling time is one way to reduce its cost .In public transportation system, it is important to determine proper travelling costs. There are various methods to determine the distances between stations. One of these methods used in England is based on logical and calculative relations in mathematics. In this paper, in addition to studying this method some changes have been made in order to reduce and modify required variables for calculation of those relations. A numerical example is designed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the method and thus developed to optimize the public transportation stop location problem. The sensitivity of the total travel time, access, speed and the effect of the parameters on the optimum stop location are analyzed and discussed.
STUDY OF POSSIBILITIES TO ESTABLISH REGIONAL TRANSPORT TERMINAL IN KAUNAS
Authors: Labanauskas Gintautas , Palšaitis Ramūnas
Published: January 2019

The article describes the creation of regional transport terminals and their usage as a tool to control material flows in the distribution channels. In the first part of the article the authors analyze the role of intermodal transport terminal within international business system, legal aspects of Lithuanian and EU regulations as well as the laws of Lithuanian transport regional transport terminal establishment in Kaunas. The evaluation of alternative locations for establishment of terminal in Kaunas region is presented.
MODEL FOR PROBABILISTIC ASSESSMENT OF OIL OUTFLOW EVENT CAUSED BY TANKER ACCIDENT
Authors: Česnauskis Mindaugas
Published: January 2019

Model proposed in this paper can be used to predict oil outflow event, caused by the tanker accident, probability distribution in different sectors of navigation area. The use of expert judgment techniques to obtain necessary data for application of the model ensures that all relevant available information (world and regional marine accident statistics, factors inherent to navigational area in question) will be duly taken into account. Model is designed for the Lithuanian responsibility sea area; the assessment of probability of oil outflow event and its distribution in different sectors of the area is performed.
AUTOMOBILE TRANSPORT SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND RANKING IN LITHUANIAN ADMINISTRATIVE REGIONS
Authors: Jakimavičius Marius , Burinskienė Marija
Published: January 2019

Identifying accessibility is a standard issue of transport analysis, which can be of interest to many socioeconomic applications. In this paper we propose and discuss the accessibility‐based Lithuanian automobile transport system analysis and GIS (geographical information systems) calculation method for searching a potential territory under different conditions. In our analysis the main parameter is time‐based accessibility from the centres of Lithuanian administrative regions to all the territory. According to accessibility and regional statistics, i.e. road network density in regions, density of local roads in regions, length of roads per 1000 inhabitants in administrative regions, length of local roads per 1000 rural inhabitants in administrative regions, GIS application computes the ratings for administrative regions. The first stage of GIS decision support system is based on two calculation methods: Topsis (Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) and SAW (Simple Additive Weighting). The second stage of GIS application is used for planning accessibility in the Lithuanian administrative regions. Major input into GIS data for this application is the road ant street network. Minor data is as follows: a layer of buildings, engineering utilities and landscape, hydrology, objects of cultural heritage. The application user can also enter different technical parameters: driving time from the centre, possible distance from major road, distance from specific utility, etc. Percentage of territorial distribution for the accessibility in half an hour from the administrative centre was used as a criterion for the calculation of municipalities ranking.
LINEAR OPTIMIZATION MODEL OF URBAN AREAS’ OPERATING EFFICIENCY
Authors: Tanczos Katalin , Torok Arpad
Published: January 2019

The efficiency of urban transportation is getting more and more important because of the increasing rate of mobility demand. To plan, control and organize urban transportation in the most efficient way, we also need to consider the aspects of land use. To handle both of the mentioned urban planning areas together, we shall develop models, which are able to pay attention to all of their restrictive factors in the most simple way. It is a possible solution to simulate the urban area through a linear programming model.
INVESTIGATION OF POTENTIAL DEFORMATIONS DEVELOPED BY ELEMENTS OF TRANSPORT AND PEDESTRIAN TRAFFIC RESTRICTING GATES DURING MOTOR VEHICLE–GATE INTERACTION
Authors: Prentkovskis Olegas , Prentkovskienė Rasa , Lukoševičienė Ona
Published: January 2019

The mathematical model of transport and pedestrian traffic restricting gate is designed. One section of the gate restricted the traffic of motor vehicles while the other limited the traffic of pedestrians. The gate was modelled based on the first‐order one‐dimensional finite elements taking into account only the resilience of the gate elements and the impact of soil on the ground‐embedded parts of the gate support and auxiliary posts. The potential deformations of gate elements were determined based on the mathematical model designed. The specific traffic event was investigated using the mathematical model of gate designed – four situations of motor vehicle–gate interaction were simulated and investigated.
MODELLING AND INVESTIGATION OF CAR COLLISIONS
Authors: Tautkus Arūnas , Bazaras Žilvinas
Published: January 2019

While investigating collisions with immovable obstacles it is necessary to assess the place of contact, its character and the speed of vehicles before the contact. These parameters depend on the obstacle. The most common cases were analyzed in the article: collision with an immovable obstacle which deformed only a part of the fore of vehicle (collision with a tree, a bollard, etc.); collision with an immovable obstacle which deformed the whole fore of vehicle (collision with a wall, etc.).
EVALUATION OF VERACITY OF CAR BRAKING PARAMETERS USED FOR THE ANALYSIS OF ROAD ACCIDENTS
Authors: Nagurnas Saulius , Mitunevičius Valentinas , Unarski Jan , Wach Wojciech
Published: January 2019

During the road accident analysis speed of the examined vehicle often is being established in accordance with the length of the trace remained by the vehicle tires. Usually in such case there are values of braking deceleration used for calculations, which are selected from the corresponding references. The real experiment, establishing the braking parameters of the given vehicle, is performed more seldom. In both cases it is important to calculate the vehicle speed in accordance with the received or found values of deceleration as well to estimate the possible limits of the vehicle speed, i.e. to evaluate the veracity of such calculations.

This paper presents the results of evaluation of car braking parameters, which are treated as random values in the known probabilistic characteristics.
RESEARCH INTO THREE‐COMPONENT BIODIESEL FUELS COMBUSTION PROCESS USING A SINGLE DROPLET TECHNIQUE
Authors: Raslavičius Laurencas , Markšaitis Donatas
Published: January 2019

In order to reduce the engine emission while at same time improving engine efficiency, it is very important to clarify the combustion mechanism. Even if, there are many researches into investigating the mechanism of engine combustion, so that to clarify the relationship between complicated phenomena, it is very difficult to investigate due to the complicated process of both physical and chemical reaction from the start of fuel injection to the end of combustion event. The numerical simulations are based on a detailed vaporization model and detailed chemical kinetics. The influence of different physical parameters like droplet temperature, gas phase temperature, ambient gas pressure and droplet burning velocity on the ignition delay process is investigated using fuel droplet combustion stand. Experimental results about their influence on ignition delay time were presented.
A SOIL LOOSENING MACHINE FOR WINTER EARTH‐MOVING IN TRANSPORT CONSTRUCTION
Authors: Dyakov Ivan , Ivkin Valeriy , Popovich Alexey
Published: January 2019

The main methods of frozen soil loosening are considered from the perspective of their effectiveness in transport‐related construction, and a new type of equipment is offered for earth‐moving in winter conditions.
Relaxation in a Fuzzy Dark Matter Halo
Authors: Bar-Or Ben , Fouvry Jean-Baptiste , Tremaine Scott
Published: January 2019

Dark matter may be composed of light bosons,

, with a de Broglie wavelength

in typical galactic potentials. Such “fuzzy” dark matter (fuzzy dark matter (FDM)) behaves like cold dark matter (CDM) on much larger scales than the de Broglie wavelength, but may resolve some of the challenges faced by CDM in explaining the properties of galaxies on small scales (

). Because of its wave nature, FDM exhibits stochastic density fluctuations on the scale of the de Broglie wavelength that never damp. The gravitational field from these fluctuations scatters stars and black holes, causing their orbits to diffuse through phase space. We show that this relaxation process can be analyzed quantitatively with the same tools used to analyze classical two-body relaxation in an N-body system, and can be described by treating the FDM fluctuations as quasiparticles, with effective mass

in a galaxy with a constant circular speed of

. This novel relaxation mechanism may stall the inspiral of supermassive black holes or globular clusters due to dynamical friction at radii of a few hundred parsecs and can heat and expand the central regions of galaxies. These processes can be used to constrain the mass of the light bosons that might comprise FDM.
SPH Simulations of the Induced Gravitational Collapse Scenario of Long Gamma-Ray Bursts Associated with Supernovae
Authors: Becerra L. , Ellinger C. L. , Fryer C. L. , Rueda J. A. , Ruffini R.
Published: January 2019

We present the first three-dimensional smoothed particle hydrodynamics simulations of the induced gravitational collapse scenario of long-duration gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) associated with supernovae (SNe). We simulate the SN explosion of a carbon–oxygen core (COcore) forming a binary system with a neutron star (NS) companion. We follow the evolution of the SN ejecta, including their morphological structure, subject to the gravitational field of both the new NS (νNS) formed at the center of the SN and the one of the NS companion. We compute the accretion rate of the SN ejecta onto the NS companion, as well as onto the νNS from SN matter fallback. We determine the fate of the binary system for a wide parameter space including different COcore and NS companion masses, orbital periods, and SN explosion geometry and energies. We identify, for selected NS nuclear equations of state, the binary parameters leading the NS companion, by hypercritical accretion, either to the mass-shedding limit or to the secular axisymmetric instability for gravitational collapse to a black hole (BH), or to a more massive, fast-rotating, stable NS. We also assess whether the binary remains gravitationally bound after the SN explosion, hence exploring the space of binary and SN explosion parameters leading to νNS–NS and νNS–BH binaries. The consequences of our results for the modeling of long GRBs, i.e., X-ray flashes and binary-driven hypernovae, are discussed.
De bonnes fréquentations
Authors: Grysole Amélie
Published: January 2019

L’émigration de couples de parents sénégalais·e·s vers les États-Unis vise à assurer une reproduction des classes moyennes devenue difficile à Dakar. Comment, dans ces conditions, expliquer le paradoxe apparent de l’envoi des enfants dits de la seconde génération à Dakar, pour grandir auprès de leurs proches, mais aussi loin de leurs parents ? Au-delà des logiques économiques (frais d’éducation moins élevés à Dakar), en quoi « attacher » les enfants aux membres dakarois·e·s des maisonnées transnationales et au voisinage du quartier familial peut-il se révéler central pour la mobilité sociale entre deux espaces nationaux de classement social ? La mise à distance des « mauvaises fréquentations » aux États-Unis et la valorisation des relations au Sénégal participent d’une stratégie éducative de lutte contre les risques d’échec social en migration. La présence des enfants à Dakar ouvre la possibilité de lutter contre le déclassement, en socialisant les enfants à la position de classe moyenne, ainsi que d’actualiser la trajectoire ascendante des parents migrant·e·s sur la scène sociale de référence.
Apports du bilan psychologique à la démarche diagnostique : le cas de Ben
Authors: Halimi Olivier
Published: January 2019

L’objectif de cet article porte à la fois sur l’utilité de croiser les résultats d’un test d’efficience intellectuelle, le WISC IV, avec ceux de tests projectifs, le Rorschach et le TAT dans une perspective psychanalytique, et sur l’intérêt d’une collaboration entre pédopsychiatre et psychologue. Nous présentons ici le cas clinique d’un adolescent de 13 ans, Ben, qui consulte pour agitation et difficultés de concentration au collège. La passation du bilan psychologique complet met en évidence une efficience moyenne sur fond de difficultés identitaires anciennes. Les résultats du bilan permettent d’éclairer d’un point de vue dynamique la construction du diagnostic psychiatrique de Ben.
La fabrique politique de la métropole du Grand Paris
Authors: Le Lidec Patrick
Published: January 2019

Cet article analyse les mécanismes qui influencent l’élaboration des statuts métropolitains. Il mobilise une approche de «  process tracing  » déductif pour comprendre un cas : la mise en place d’une scène métropolitaine puis la création d’un gouvernement métropolitain du Grand Paris. La forme particulière prise par cette métropole à l’issue des lois de 2014 et 2015 est saisie à l’articulation de quatre mécanismes : la reproduction d’un héritage institutionnel local, caractérisé par la fragmentation et la polarisation ; la mobilisation d’entrepreneurs institutionnels locaux cherchant à manipuler à leur avantage les statuts métropolitains ; l’intervention des membres de l’exécutif politique central, soucieux de la viabilité parlementaire et des bénéfices partisans associés à la mise en place de la métropole ; le rôle de cadrage d’une administration centrale, porteuse d’un projet rationalisation institutionnelle par fusion verticale.
Topoï et légitimation des politiques austéritaires. Une étude des éditoriaux de La Presse de 1980 à 2015
Authors: Dufour Mathieu , Laurin-Lamothe Audrey , Peñafiel Ricardo
Published: January 2019

Cet article s’intéresse à la diffusion des topoï d’une vulgate néolibérale, à travers une analyse discursive longitudinale, de 1980 à 2015, des éditoriaux de La Presse , l’un des principaux quotidiens québécois. L’analyse thématique, argumentative, pragmatique et énonciative de ce corpus est menée en dialogue avec les théories économiques impliquées dans les énoncés des éditoriaux. Car, bien que les lieux communs ( topoï ) développés ou mobilisés par La Presse simplifient à l’extrême ces théories, les relations entre ces deux niveaux de circulation sont constitutives des règles de dispersion de l’événement discursif austéritaire. Cette étude montre comment la construction d’un topos anti-déficits dans les années 1980 réfute d’emblée (sans besoin d’argumentation) toute politique impliquant des dépenses publiques. Étudiant comment ce topos s’adapte à différents changements de conjoncture en engendrant et en s’articulant à d’autres topoï austéritaires, l’analyse montre les conditions de possibilité d’une austérité permanente, légitimant entre autres une criminalisation de la grève et une normalisation de lois d’exception, décrétant les conditions de travail des salariés.
Les transferts de fonds des migrants influencent-ils la qualité des institutions dans les pays récipiendaires ?
Authors: Attila Joseph , Bangaké Chrysost , Eggoh Jude C. , Semedo Gervasio
Published: January 2019

Cet article réexamine l’effet des transferts de migrants (TFM) sur la qualité des institutions. Nous utilisons différentes variables de qualité institutionnelle et l’analyse porte sur un large panel de 102 pays sur la période 1990-2015. Les résultats obtenus à l’aide des régressions à effets fixes et de la méthode des variables instrumentales suggèrent que les TFM détériorent la qualité des institutions des pays récipiendaires. Il en découle d’importantes implications de politiques.
Malthus is still breathing: Environmental concerns and attitudes towards immigration in Europe
Authors: Puskarova Paula , Dancakova Ivana
Published: January 2019

Le travail porte sur les préoccupations environnementales des populations européennes face à la crise des réfugiés. À l’aide de l’enquête sociale européenne de 2016, nous estimons les effets des craintes concernant l’environnement tout en contrôlant les facteurs individuels et institutionnels. Les résultats suggèrent que, même si les questions de sécurité expliquent la plus grande part des attitudes vis-à-vis de l’immigration, les préoccupations environnementales dépassent nettement les effets statistiques de la religion, du revenu ou de l’expérience de la vie à l’étranger.
Développer l’innovation en Afrique et dans les PMA : construire le SNI, encadrer l’innovation frugale, multiplier les systèmes locaux
Authors: Haudeville Bernard , Le Bas Christian
Published: January 2019

Cet article analyse les facteurs qui pourraient impulser plus d’innovations en Afrique et dans les économies les moins avancées. L’importance d’un système national d’innovation comme cadre est d’abord soulignée. Le fort pouvoir de renouvellement et d’enrichissement des nouveaux modèles d’innovation autour du concept d’innovation frugale est également analysé. Les systèmes locaux de production et d’innovation sont interprétés comme des éléments essentiels de cette dynamique. In fine , des enseignements sont tirés en termes de politique scientifique et technique en faveur de la mise en place d’un cadre plus propice à l’innovation.
A Prospective, Randomized Study of Surgical Positioning Software Shows Improved Cup Placement in Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Hamilton William G. , Parks Nancy L. , McDonald James F. , Pfefferle Kiel J.
Published: January 2019

Several technologies are available to assist surgeons with acetabular component positioning in total hip arthroplasty. The purpose of this study was to determine whether surgical positioning software would improve cup position compared with fluoroscopy. This prospective, randomized study compared 200 primary total hip arthroplasty cups placed with and without surgical positioning software. All cases were performed by a single surgeon using the direct anterior approach with fluoroscopy. The target abduction and anteversion angles were set at 40° and 20°, respectively, and measured postoperatively. Cup placement time, total fluoroscopy time, and cup position were compared between groups. Mean abduction was 40.4° (range, 32.7°−49.0°) in the software group compared with 42.3° (range, 33.7°−51.1°) in the control group. The cups placed using software were significantly closer to the target abduction angle (
P
<.001) with fewer outliers. Mean anteversion was 20.8° (range, 11.2°−31.7°) in the software group compared with 21.8° (range, 11.3°−34.3°) in the control group (
P
=.063). Eighty-seven percent of cups in the software group fell within 5° of the abduction target, compared with only 68% in the control group (
P
<.01). Cup placement took longer in the software group (7:04 minutes vs 4:58 minutes,
P
<.001), and 2 seconds more total fluoroscopy time was used in that group as well (12.9 seconds vs 11.1 seconds,
P
<.001). The software improved both the accuracy and the precision of cup placement, with only modest increases in surgical time and fluoroscopy time. [
Orthopedics
. 2019; 42(1):42–47.]