bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development and Validation of a Prognostic Nomogram to Predict 30-Day Mortality Risk in Patients with Sepsis-Induced Cardiorenal Syndrome
Authors: Liu Yiguo , Zhang Yingying , Lu Yuqiu , Li Hao Tian , Yu Chen
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Sepsis-induced cardiorenal syndrome (sepsis-induced CRS) is a devastating medical condition that is frequently associated with a high fatality rate. In this study, we aimed to develop an individualized nomogram that may help clinicians assess 30-day mortality risk in patients diagnosed with sepsis-induced CRS. Methods: A total of 340 patients with sepsis-induced CRS admitted from January 2015 to May 2019 in Shanghai Tongji Hospital were used as a training cohort to develop a nomogram prognostic model. The model was constructed using multivariable logistic analyses and was then externally validated by an independent cohort of 103 patients diagnosed with sepsis-induced CRS from June 2019 to December 2020. The prognostic ability of the nomogram was assessed through discrimination, calibration, and accuracy. Results: Five prognostic factors were determined and included in the nomogram: age, Sequential (sepsis-related) Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score, vasopressors, baseline serum creatinine, and the rate of change in myoglobin. Our prognostic nomogram showed well-fitted calibration curves and yielded strong discrimination power with the area under the curve of 0.879 and 0.912 in model development and validation, respectively. In addition, the nomogram prognostic model exhibited an evidently higher predictive accuracy than the SOFA score. Conclusions: We developed a prognostic nomogram model for patients with sepsis-induced CRS and externally validated the model in another independent cohort. The nomogram exhibited greater strength in predicting 30-day mortality risk than the SOFA score, which may help clinicians estimate short-term prognosis and modulate therapeutic strategies.
Prática Musical Coletiva no isolamento social: relato de experiência do programa de extensão Engenho Musical - Udesc
Authors: Camargo Cristina Moura Emboaba da Costa Julião de , Silva André Luiz Nunes da , Trojan Eduardo Erik , Darela Júlia , Martins Mateus Lanzarin
Published: May 2022

Relato de experiência sobre a manutenção das atividades do programa de extensão Engenho Musical (Departamento de Música e Pró-Reitoria de Extensão da UDESC/CEART) durante o período de isolamento/distanciamento social e a consequente suspensão das atividades coletivas presenciais devido à pandemia da Covid-19, referente ao período de março de 2020 à agosto de 2021. A metodologia utilizada contemplou um levantamento bibliográfico de artigos e trabalhos acadêmicos sobre os assuntos referentes à pandemia da Covid-19 e grupos musicais, seguido de discussão crítica sobre a vivência da atividade musical coletiva durante o período citado e a aplicação de uma pesquisa Quantitativa-Qualitativa (questionário com perguntas objetivas e com perguntas abertas dirigido aos integrantes dos grupos musicais do referido programa que se mantiveram atuantes durante a pandemia). Os trabalhos encontrados permitiram discutir o impacto da pandemia nas práticas coletivas musicais e as adaptações que foram necessárias para a manutenção das atividades, possibilitando uma confluência com as ações adotadas no programa Engenho Musical e os relatos de seus integrantes. Os resultados obtidos nesta pesquisa foram satisfatórios quanto à permanência dos integrantes no programa realizando as atividades propostas (reuniões online, gravação de vídeos mosaicos, ensaio coletivo no programa Jamulus, divulgação nas mídias sociais, lives, podcast, composição de obras), mas a dificuldade de acesso aos equipamentos e condições tecnológicas adequadas, aquisição de novas habilidades no uso da tecnologia, mudança de horário de trabalho, exaustão e demais problemas físicos/mentais relatados na pesquisa apontam um ônus indesejável à vida no modo virtual. Foi construído um espaço temporário-emergencial de interação musical e social, numa das poucas possibilidades de prática musical coletiva. A pesquisa apontou impactos importantes nos vários setores da classe artística-musical decorrentes das medidas de contenção do vírus durante a pandemia da Covid-19, ainda sem previsão de retorno presencial totalmente seguro.
Evaluation of Preference and Utility Measures for Transoral Thyroidectomy
Authors: Wu Vincent , Samargandy Shireen , Philteos Justine , Pasternak Jesse D. , de Almeida John R. , Monteiro Eric
Published: May 2022

Background:

Traditional, trans-cervical thyroidectomy results in the presence of a neck scar, which has been shown to correlate with lower quality of life and lower patient satisfaction. Transoral thyroid surgery (TOTS) has been utilized as an alternative approach to avoid a cutaneous incision and scar by accessing the neck and thyroid through the oral cavity. This study was designed to evaluate patient preference through health-state utility scores for TOTS as compared to conventional trans-cervical thyroidectomy.

Methods:

In this cross-sectional study, patient preferences were elicited for TOTS and trans-cervical thyroidectomy with the use of an online survey. Respondents were asked to consider 4 hypothetical health scenarios involving thyroid surgery with varying approaches. Health-state utility scores were elicited using visual analog scale and standard gamble exercises.

Results:

Overall, 516 respondents completed the survey, of whom 261 (50.6%) were included for analysis, with a mean age of 41.5 years (SD 14.9 years), including 171 (65.5%) females. Health utility scores were similar for TOTS and conventional transcervical techniques. Statistically significant differences in the standard gamble utility score were noted for gender and ethnicity across all scenarios. Comparisons of visual analog score utilities were not statistically significant based on respondent demographics.

Conclusion:

Preferences for TOTS and trans-cervical thyroidectomy did not significantly differ in the current study. Females and white ethnicity indicated stronger preference for a TOTs approach compared to males and other ethnicities, respectively. Some literature suggests certain types of patients who might prefer minimally invasive thyroidectomy more so than other patients—in keeping with the current findings of this study.
Linguistic Minority International Counseling Psychology Trainees’ Experiences in Clinical Supervision
Authors: Garrison Yunkyoung , Yeung Chi W. , Ho Yu Chak Sunny , Hong Jung Eui , Son Yeji , Lin Ching-Lan Rosaline , Bermingham Charles
Published: May 2022

The present study discusses clinical supervision from the perspectives of 20 international counseling psychology trainees with a focus on English-specific experiences in training. Using concept mapping, we identified four clusters of sociolinguistic experiences in clinical settings: Growth and Strength Through Embracing Vulnerability, Barriers to Showing Clinical Potential, Fear of Being Seen as Incompetent, and Self-Doubt About Therapeutic Performance and Relationships. Helpful supervisory events included seven clusters: Genuine Curiosity and Understanding, Exploration and Validation Regarding Linguistic Identity, Affirmation and Illumination of Strengths, Facilitation of Clinical Communication, Multicultural Awareness and Cultural Humility, Humanity and Compassion, and Externalization and De-emphasis of the Act of Language use Itself. Lastly, unhelpful supervisory events fell into seven clusters: Seeking Understanding From a Deficits-Lens, Lack of Self-Awareness and Cultural Humility, Acts of Disrespect, Disregard and Lack of Interest, Judgment and Over-Correction, Disempowerment, and Superficial Fixes. Implications for practice and advocacy and suggestions for future research are discussed.
Understanding Black-White Differences in Support for the Racial Invariance Thesis: Lessons Learned From Philadelphia Area Residents
Authors: Cooper Maisha N. , Barnaby Carlene , Updegrove Alexander H. , Gabbidon Shaun L.
Published: May 2022

The racial invariance thesis contends causes of offending are similar across race/ethnicity. Black Criminology perceives some tension with this claim, suggesting instead that Black people share a unique worldview due to the racial oppression they face. This worldview may make Black people more receptive to criminological explanations identifying race-specific pathways to committing crime. In the post-Civil Rights era, many white people explain social phenomena like crime in colorblind ways. This study used a random sample of Philadelphia area residents to explore whether Black people were less likely than white people to support the racial invariance thesis. Logistic regression analyses revealed the odds of Black Philadelphians agreeing with the racial invariance thesis were 85% higher than the odds for white Philadelphians.
Supporting oneself: The tensions of navigating a prolonged crisis among Spanish youth
Authors: Álvarez-Benavides Antonio , Turnbough Matthew L
Published: May 2022

Spanish youth’s process of transition to adult life illustrates the complex effects of a prolonged economic crisis that emerged in 2008 and exacerbated an already precarious labour market. In this article, we approach this panorama of social change from the perspective of the young individuals who find themselves immersed in this passage from one crisis to another – from a global economic crisis to COVID-19 – and between two symbolic realities, one marked by individualism and the other by individualisation. Based on a discourse analysis of 20 in-depth interviews and three focus groups with young adults, conducted between 2018 and 2019 for a publicly funded RDI project, we analyse how the process of individualisation tied to a self-sufficient model of human agency may contribute to an increased reliance on individual solutions to social problems. Furthermore, we underline how these individualised pathways involve a dependency on multiple supports which are characterised by a series of tensions. Consequently, we seek to elucidate the manner in which vulnerable young workers navigate, both interpretively and practically, the trials of social life as well as the expectations associated with individualism/individualisation within a context of crisis and uncertainty.
Iranian’s attitudes toward law-abidingness in administration system in Iran
Authors: Fouladiyan Majid , Namayandeh Joorabchi Toktam
Published: May 2022

According to international statistics and domestic research, the rate of law-abidingness in Iran is low. The purpose of this article is to measure the degree of law-abidingness in the administrative system. The results show that in general, the mediation effect for three mediation variables in the path model is significant except the relationship between political satisfaction, necessity of organizational rules, and law-abidingness. There is mediation effect between political satisfaction, trust, and law-abidingness, which is positive. There is a positive significant relationship between political satisfaction, success priority of material preference system, and law-abidingness. The relationship between nepotism, trust, and law-abidingness is negative.
Characteristics Associated With Loneliness and Coping Skills Utilization During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Law Clara , Belli Gina M. , Boisseau Christina L.
Published: May 2022

Although stay-at-home orders and physical distancing measures are vital to managing the COVID-19 outbreak, there is concern these limitations on in-person contact may increase feelings of loneliness. The present study examined loneliness in relation to living situation, psychiatric symptoms, and coping skills utilization during the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim was to identify demographic and psychological factors that may contribute to greater feelings of loneliness. A sample of 125 adults (18 years and older) completed measures on loneliness, psychiatric symptoms, and coping skills in September 2020. Multiple regression analysis indicated living situation moderates the relationship between hours spent having remote conversations and loneliness. Remote conversation hours were associated with decreased loneliness in those living alone but was not associated with loneliness in those living with others. Multivariate regression analysis indicated that substance use and self-blame were associated with increased loneliness whereas the use of emotional support to cope with pandemic-related stress was associated with decreased loneliness. The current study highlights the importance of finding alternative ways to remain socially connected, particularly for those living alone. Increasing access to videoconferencing technology and promoting help-seeking behaviors may be a promising approach to manage loneliness during times of increased social isolation.
Extremum seeking control of PV system based on least- squares approach (real-time optimization)
Authors: Gammoudi Rabiaa , Brahmi Houda , Dhifaoui Rachid
Published: May 2022

Today renewable energy has become an absolute necessity taking into account the price of fossil energies and the pollution resulting from her large exploitation. Solar radiation can be converted directly into electrical energy, in the form of direct current, by means of a solar cell. Finding the maximum power point is an essential part in photovoltaic systems. Indeed, the output power varies greatly depending on illumination, temperature, but also the overall aging of the system. In order to operate a PV generator as often as possible at its optimum power, we must introduce a controller and a static converter which will act as an adapter between the source and the load. Many works review the different maximum power methods to adjust the optimal output power and improve the efficiency of the PV system. These methods are broadly classified into several categories. In this paper, such an experimental regulator based on a power mathematical technique is proposed, which is founded on least squares method to estimate the maximum power when operating sub-optimally. This technique makes it possible to compare experimental data, generally tainted with measurement errors, with a mathematical model supposed to write these data. This study gives the opportunity to experimentally test a mathematical method with a PV system which mainly uses a BOOST chopper. The DC / DC converter and the regulator are designed and produced within the research unit while using an STM32F4 microcontroller over sun. The results obtained from the use of this optimization technique clearly show the very high fidelity between the real values of the current and voltage and their optimal estimated values with a certain uncertainty which does not exceed almost 2%, which shows a good agreement. In the same way, this approach makes it possible to minimize the oscillations around the MPP, which already makes it possible to improve the efficiency of the system which is very close to 100% in experimental tests.
Radiation induced mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the parotid gland following post-operative radiotherapy to the earlobe for keloid prophylaxis
Authors: Dzul Stephen , Jaenisch Harriett , Nagle Chris , Joiner Michael , Miller Steven
Published: May 2022

Radiation-induced malignancies (RIMs) are rare but well-documented late toxicities associated with exposure to radiation or radiotherapy. A keloid scar is a common benign proliferation of scar tissue which commonly develops at the site of an injury, such as on the earlobe after ear-piercing. While typically reserved for management of malignancies, radiotherapy is often utilized in the management of some benign conditions, including keloids. Given the benign nature of keloids, any theoretical late toxicity from radiotherapy, particularly a life-threatening toxicity such as a RIM, is particularly concerning. Here, we report a case of a 34-year-old male who presented with a radiation induced mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the parotid gland which developed in a previously irradiated field ten years after the patient received electron radiotherapy for a keloid of the earlobe. Using available literature, we estimate the risk of a RIM of the parotid gland from a typical course of radiotherapy to the earlobe as 0.007% per year.
A case of cardiac herniation after right pneumonectomy
Authors: Inoue Manabu , Yotsukura Masaya , Yoshida Yukihiro , Nakagawa Kazuo , Watanabe Shun-ichi
Published: May 2022

A cardiac herniation is a rare but life-threatening complication after pneumonectomy. In most cases, it manifests suddenly as severe hypotension and cardiac arrest within 24 h of pneumonectomy. Here, we report a case of sudden-onset cardiac herniation after right pneumonectomy during which the pericardium was incised. The diagnosis was made immediately based on chest X-ray and electrocardiogram findings, and the heart was repositioned by repeat thoracotomy as an urgent life-saving measure. Surgeons should be aware of this potential surgical complication as well as its clinical manifestations, given that delayed diagnosis would directly lead to a fatal outcome.
Sex Differences in Pubertal Circadian and Ultradian Rhythmic Development Under Semi-naturalistic Conditions
Authors: Grant Azure D. , Wilbrecht Linda , Kriegsfeld Lance J.
Published: May 2022

Biological rhythms in core body temperature (CBT) provide informative markers of adolescent development under controlled laboratory conditions. However, it is unknown whether these markers are preserved under more variable, semi-naturalistic conditions, and whether CBT may therefore prove useful in a real-world setting. To evaluate this possibility, we examined fecal steroid concentrations and CBT rhythms from pre-adolescence (p26) through early adulthood (p76) in intact male and female Wistar rats under natural light and climate at the Stephen Glickman Field Station for the Study of Behavior, Ecology and Reproduction. Despite greater environmental variability, CBT markers of pubertal onset and its rhythmic progression were comparable with those previously reported in laboratory conditions in female rats and extend actigraphy-based findings in males. Specifically, sex differences emerged in CBT circadian rhythm (CR) power and amplitude prior to pubertal onset and persisted into early adulthood, with females exhibiting elevated CBT and decreased CR power compared with males. Within-day (ultradian rhythm [UR]) patterns also exhibited a pronounced sex difference associated with estrous cyclicity. Pubertal onset, defined by vaginal opening, preputial separation, and sex steroid concentrations, occurred later than previously reported under lab conditions for both sexes. Vaginal opening and increased fecal estradiol concentrations were closely tied to the commencement of 4-day oscillations in CBT and UR power. By contrast, preputial separation and the first rise in testosterone concentration were not associated with adolescent changes to CBT rhythms in male rats. Together, males and females exhibited unique temporal patterning of CBT and sex steroids across pubertal development, with tractable associations between hormonal concentrations, external development, and temporal structure in females. The preservation of these features outside the laboratory supports CBT as a strong candidate for translational pubertal monitoring under semi-naturalistic conditions in females.
Guano extraction in Atlantic Patagonia (1840–1880)
Authors: Haller Sofía
Published: May 2022

Between 1840 and 1880, multiple ships travelled towards the Atlantic coast of Patagonia, engaging in guano extraction. The Patagonian guano, though of inferior quality to the Peruvian product, was one of the most valuable coastal resources of the region. Drawing on a wide variety of documents and literature, the author has explored exploitation practices and logistics. 11 guano deposits exploited have been mapped and linked with details such as vessels, companies and harbours. The history of guano in the region shows an entanglement of connections and competition regarding the resource, raising inter-imperial disputes where different state and non-state agents operated to benefit both distant and regional economies.
Comparisons of Continuous-wave Doppler Ultrasound Monitor and Echocardiography in Cardiac Postoperative Pediatric Patients
Authors: Shostak Eran , Nahum Elchanan , Shochat Tzippy , Manor Orit , Dagan Ovadia , Schiller Ofer
Published: May 2022

Rational and Objectives

Non-invasive cardiac output (CO) measurements are essential during the immediate post-operative course of young, congenital heart repaired patients. The use of the Ultrasonic Cardiac Output Monitor (USCOM) in pediatric intensive care units (PICU) is increasing. The literature on accuracy of USCOM in young, critically ill, mechanically ventilated, hemodynamically supported patients is scarce. We aimed to assess agreement between the USCOM device and echocardiography for measurements of CO in this population.

Materials (Patients) and Methods

A prospective observational study in a pediatric cardiac intensive care unit (PCICU). Paired CO measurements were taken in young, mechanically ventilated, immediate post-operative patients with exclusion of unrepaired or residual intra-cardiac shunt, using USCOM and echocardiography, by two separate senior performers. Agreement between echocardiography and USCOM was assessed by percentage error and Bland-Altman analysis.

Results

One hundred and thirteen comparison scans were performed on 61 patients: mean age 94 ± 111 d, weight 4.7 ± 2.1 kg, vaso-inotropic score 15.3 ± 11, and STAT score 3–4 (46%). Mean USCOM cardiac index (CI) percent difference was −9.6% (45.6) and velocity-time-integral (VTI) 8.9% (34.7). Bland–Altman analyzes demonstrated poor agreement comparing USCOM to echocardiography with regard to CI, stroke volume (SV), VTI and aortic diameter (AO) measurements.

Conclusion

Our study shows that USCOM underestimates CI in comparison with echocardiography; therefore USCOM should be used with great caution as an absolute estimate or surrogate of CI in neonates and infants in the immediate post-operative, congenital heart surgery period.
Taking Stock of What We Know About Large-Scale Urban Development Projects: A Review of Existing Theoretical Frameworks and Case Studies
Authors: Kim Minjee
Published: May 2022

Despite the wealth of academic research on large-scale urban developments, a comprehensive meta-analysis of the literature is yet to exist. On the one hand, theories on urban change and development have offered useful frameworks for explaining the processes and outcomes of large-scale developments. On the other hand, in-depth case studies have provided profound insights into specific examples. Nevertheless, how the case studies relate to the theoretical debates is unclear. In response, this article undertakes a systematic review of the theories and case studies on large-scale developments and identifies the multitude of ways in which case studies relate to theories.
The Postconviction Workgroup: Cooperation Between Adversaries in Exoneration Cases
Authors: Webster Elizabeth
Published: May 2022

During postconviction innocence review, prosecutors and defense attorneys can set aside their adversarial roles and cooperate on case reinvestigation and resolution. This dynamic makes the postconviction setting especially worthy for a study of attorney workgroup relationships. Yet, criminological research of these relationships traditionally focuses on pretrial processes. Therefore, this study explores how attorneys cooperate and even collaborate to investigate potential wrongful convictions. It employs semistructured interviews with 19 defense attorneys and 20 prosecutors who have each helped exonerate a wrongfully convicted defendant. Results demonstrate that prosecutors valued open communication and transparency, ample time to review the case, and diplomacy and tact in protecting the reputation of the prosecutors’ office. For example, prosecutors and defense attorneys may engage in postconviction negotiations regarding media strategies and misconduct allegations. These results may help guide policy proposals that promote the independence and integrity of postconviction innocence review.
Enhanced wear resistance of cemented carbides reinforced with SiC nanoparticles
Authors: Ghayem Amani Mona , Moazami-Goudarzi Mohammad , Kazemi Arghavan
Published: May 2022

WC-10 wt% Co cemented carbides containing various amounts (0–4 wt%) of SiC nanoparticles were fabricated by vacuum sintering. The influence of SiC nanoparticles on microstructure, mechanical behavior, and dry sling wear resistance of the produced cemented carbides was explored. Results showed that SiC addition resulted in larger WC grains, thus lowering the hardness. Despite the hardness reduction, the wear resistance increased with increasing SiC content. The specific wear rate of the WC-10Co sample was 12.33 × 10−5 mm3/Nm that decreased to 1.86 × 10−5 mm3/Nm with 4 wt% nanoparticle addition. The improved wear resistance of nanocomposite samples was explained through the effects of SiC particles on modification of pore distribution, increased fracture toughness, and reduction of coefficient of friction. In the unreinforced WC-10Co cemented carbide, microstructural pores were found to be smaller but more numerous, resulting in extensive WC grain pullout. In addition, scuffing was recognized as the prevalent wear mechanism making friction trace completely unstable. In the nanocomposite samples, however, SiC nanoparticles stabilized and reduced the coefficient of friction. The change in friction condition from sliding to rolling abrasion revealed the microabrasive grooving as the predominant wear mechanism of the nanocomposites with enhanced wear resistance.
Actively tuning of transverse wave band gaps in hybrid sandwich beam metamaterials with shunted piezoelectric array and inertial amplification mechanism
Authors: Li Jingru , Yang Peng , Xia Maolong
Published: May 2022

In this paper, a tunable sandwich beam metamaterial is designed by implementing a hybrid project composed of the piezoelectric shunted array technique and the inertial amplification mechanism. Concerned with the shunted piezoelectric constitutive relation, the kinematic analysis of added mechanism and the transverse motion of base structure, a theoretical model is established to estimate the band gap characteristics of the sandwich beam lined with pyramidal truss cores using the transfer matrix method, whose accuracy is further validated by the finite element simulations. Numerical results show that multiple stop bands are generated at low frequencies owing to the mechanisms of electromechanical resonance, amplifying inertia and mechanical resonance, certainly enhancing the level of vibration suppression. Subsequently, a comprehensive parametric analysis is conducted to investigate the influences of the shunting circuits and attached mechanism on the attenuation diagrams. It is demonstrated that the hybrid sandwich lattice can offer more tunable space to acquire ultra-broad band gaps. Furthermore, based on the design potential, the amplitudes and bandwidths of the attenuation region are maximized by operating an optimization study. Such advanced attenuation performance can be applied for a wide range of engineering applications.
Positive Peer Reporting for Middle School Students With Emotional and Behavioral Disorders
Authors: Haydon Todd , Kennedy Alana , Murphy Meredith , Boone Jason
Published: May 2022

Students with disruptive behavior problems can contribute to loss of instruction time in the classroom and may cause irritation for peers. However, peers can serve as powerful change agents in the classroom. Promoting positive peer interactions is especially important for students with emotional and behavioral disorder (EBD). One effective approach to promote prosocial behaviors and support students with EBD is positive peer reporting. The use of positive peer reporting decreases negative interactions among peers by increasing prosocial behaviors. This column reviews the literature about this strategy, discusses the ways in which it can be adapted to best fit the needs of students, and provides guidance and recommendations for how to implement these approaches in an applied setting.
Ibrexafungerp in the Treatment of Vulvovaginal Candidiasis
Authors: Barnes Kylie N. , Yancey Abigail M. , Forinash Alicia B.
Published: May 2022

Objective

To review the pharmacology, efficacy, and safety of ibrexafungerp in the management of vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC).

Data Sources

Literature was sought using PubMed (1966—February 2022) and EMBASE (1973—February 2022), and clinicaltrials.gov. Search terms included ibrexafungerp, SCY-078, and VVC.

Study Selection and Data Extraction

All studies including humans and published in English with data assessing the efficacy and safety of ibrexafungerp for the treatment of VVC were evaluated.

Data Synthesis

A phase 2 dose-finding study found ibrexafungerp had similar efficacy to fluconazole in the clinical cure of VVC (51.9% vs 58.3%, respectively). Two phase 3 clinical trials demonstrated ibrexafungerp had statistical superiority over placebo for clinical cure in moderate to severe VVC ( P < 0.001 and P = 0.023, respectively). The most frequently reported adverse reactions in the clinical trials were gastrointestinal-related symptoms. To date, data comparing efficacy of ibrexafungerp and topical imidazoles in the treatment of VVC are nonexistent.

Relevance to Patient Care and Clinical Practice

Topical imidazoles and oral fluconazole are effective for the treatment of uncomplicated VVC. Due to increased resistance, limited fluconazole coverage for non- Candida albicans species, and potential for significant drug interactions associated with fluconazole use, alternative treatments for VVC are needed. Ibrexafungerp is a new oral triterpenoid antifungal agent indicated for the treatment of VVC. Additional clinical trials are needed to evaluate long-term safety data as well as efficacy and safety in specialty populations.

Conclusion

Ibrexafungerp, a recently approved triterpenoid antifungal agent, is an effective and well-tolerated option for the treatment of VVC.
Fostering pre-service teachers’ perceived ability to implement dialogic teaching in Turkey: Examining the contributing factors of an intensive short-term teacher education program from the teacher-learners’ vantage point
Authors: Arslan Sezen , Whitehead George E. K.
Published: May 2022

This study reports the design, implementation, and evaluation of a 3-day intensive short-term teacher education program that was specifically designed and implemented with the aims of fostering English as a foreign language (EFL) teacher-learners’ ability to enact dialogic teaching in their teaching practices. Thirty pre-service English teachers from 13 different universities across Turkey participated in the program and their perspectives of the effectiveness of the program in reaching its objectives were investigated to examine: (1) to what extent they felt their ability to implement dialogic teaching practices had improved, and (2) which specific factors from the program they felt specifically contributed to their development. Data were collected over a 4-week period, and included pre/post-course self-evaluation scales, during-course session evaluation forms, post-course evaluation forms, and interviews. Overall, the findings suggest the importance of intensive short-term teacher education programs with similar objectives consisting of: (1) instructors who are both knowledgeable and good models of what they are teaching in the context they are preparing teachers for; (2) content that is up to date, contextually related, and organized in a way that builds up both knowledge and practical skills; and (3) methods and activities in which teacher-learners experience what they are being taught both from a student’s and teacher’s perspective. The findings of this study hold important implications for various stakeholders involved in English teacher education, and teacher education program development, thus, practical suggestions are discussed regarding how future teacher education programs with related objectives may be designed and implemented to better foster attendees’ ability to apply what they learn at the classroom level.
Causation, historiographic approaches and the investigation of serious adverse incidents in mental health settings
Authors: Bhandari Sahil , Thomassen Øyvind , Nathan Rajan
Published: May 2022

To improve the safety of healthcare systems, it is necessary to understand harm-related events that occur in these systems. In mental health services, particular attention is paid to harm arising from the actions of patients against themselves or others. The primary intention of examining these adverse events is to inform changes to care provision so as to reduce the likelihood of the recurrence of such events. The predominant approach to investigating adverse incidents has relied on the cause-and-effect conceptualisation of past events. Whilst the merits of approaches which are reliant on cause-and-effect narratives have been questioned, alternatives models to explain adverse incidents in health settings have not been theoretically or empirically tested. This novel article (i) examines the notion of causation (and the related notion of omission) in the context of explaining adverse events in mental health settings, and (ii) draws on a long-established discipline devoted to the study of how the past is interpreted (namely historiography) to theoretically investigate the innovative application of two historiographical approaches (i.e. counterfactual analysis and historical materialism) to understanding adverse events in mental health settings.
“¡Tengo gloria bendita!”: pitching and the sonic production of place atmospheres under increasing marketplace regulation
Authors: Lindmäe Maria
Published: May 2022

This paper studies the sonic production of weekly markets through an analysis of the acoustic tactics employed by both authorized and unauthorized traders in two street markets of Catalonia. A three-fold typology of pitchers – the Repeaters, the Influencers and the Silenced – is presented to illustrate the different levels of creativity at play in contesting marketplace regulations that prohibit this “noisy” form of advertising. The paper builds on Jacques Attali’s1 idea of the control of sound and noise being inscribed in the panoply of power; a noisy market is thus understood as a statement against the authorities and as a failure to orchestrate a harmonious public space atmosphere. It is argued that as a professional skill and a cultural practice that is illegitimized by market regulations that aim to invoke civic behavior and stage representational place atmospheres, pitching contests dominant place narratives by involving creativity, affect and a political desire of recognition of difference. As such, pitching can shape more diverse marketplace atmospheres where the meanings of order and control are not unequivocal.
Thinking With Transnational Institutional Ethnography: Moving Towards Spatially Conscious Methods for Studying Geographically Dispersed People and Institutions
Authors: Fishberg Rachel
Published: May 2022

Institutional ethnography (IE) is a valuable ontological approach for investigating the coordination of social relations, both locally and trans-locally. However, much of the work utilizing IE remains within the confines of a local or national empirical field. This means there are limited accounts of IE exploring geographically dispersed institutions that cross borders and span regions. This paper makes the case for critically thinking and building on Transnational Institutional Ethnography (TIE). In it, I argue that TIE requires adapting the methodological toolbox of IE to deal with expanded geographic space and diverse bodily locations. By drawing on empirical work exploring scholarly participation in the European Union Framework Programs for research, tensions are illustrated that surfaced while working with TIE. In this discussion, I examine the ways in which interpreting an empirical field as a transnational institution, constituted of geographically dispersed people and organizations, caused a re-examination of the methods in IE to acknowledge institutional experiences shaped by diverse material surroundings and differing geopolitical locations. The paper argues that working with spatially conscious methods in TIE contributes positively to both fieldwork and analysis.
Validation of the Radiographic Union Score for HUmeral fractures (RUSHU): A retrospective study in an independent centre
Authors: Fordyce William , Kennedy Grace , Allen James R , Abdelmonem Mohamed , Evans Jonathan , Evans Jonathan Thomas , Guyver Paul
Published: May 2022

Background

Early diagnosis and fixation of fractures unlikely to unite can prevent months of morbidity. The Radiographic Union Score for Humeral fractures (RUSHU) is a summative scoring system developed to aid identification of patients at higher risk of developing humeral shaft non-union. Plain radiographs taken six weeks after injury are given a score between four and 12 based on signs of union. Our aim was to assess the validity of the RUSHU prognostic model in an external population.

Methods

The radiographs of fifty-seven patients were scored independently according to RUSHU methodology by three reviewers (blinded to patient outcome). Interobserver intraclass correlation (ICC) was calculated.

Results

Of the cohort, six (10.5%) progressed to non-union after six months. We observed an interobserver ICC co-efficient of 0.89 (95%CI0.84,0.93) in RUSHU score at six weeks. Median score was significantly higher in the union cohort (10v5 p < 0.001). Using the score of < 8 to predict non-union gave an area under the ROC curve of 0.87 (95%CI 0.83,0.90).

Conclusions

In this retrospective single-centre study, we have demonstrated good inter-rater reliability. We would suggest that the RUSHU model be assessed in further external validation studies. RUSHU has the potential to reduce morbidity of delayed treatment of non-union.
Comparable outcomes of reverse shoulder arthroplasty for proximal humerus fractures and for rotator cuff arthropathy in a predominantly asian population
Authors: Tan Marcus Wei Ping , Sim David Shaoen , Cher Eric Wei Liang , Puah Ken Lee , Lie Denny Tjiauw Tjoen
Published: May 2022

Background

Reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) was initially developed for rotator cuff arthropathy but has been expanded to treat comminuted proximal humerus fractures. Few studies have compared RSA for traumatic and degenerative indications. We present the first report of mid-term outcomes of RSA comparing both indications in an Asian population.

Methods

113 degenerative and 20 fracture patients underwent RSA from 2010 to 2019. Patients with degenerative indications were 4:1 propensity-score matched to fractures and adjusted for age and sex. Patients were assessed for range of motion (ROM), strength, pain, Constant-Murley score (CMS), University of California Los Angeles Shoulder Score (UCLA) and Oxford shoulder score (OSS) preoperatively, at 6-months and 1-year. Patients’ satisfaction, expectation fulfilment and minimal clinically important difference (MCID) were analysed.

Results

Degenerative patients had better ROM, isometric strength and CMS at 6-months, although at 1-year only abduction was superior (104.8  ±  17.3° vs 86.7  ±  19.8°). No significant differences in pain, UCLA and OSS were observed. Most improvements occurred within 6 months. Similar proportions of patients were satisfied (83.3% vs 73.3%, p = 0.460) and attained MCID (85.0% vs 86.7%, p = 1.000) at 1-year.

Discussion

Although initially exhibiting slower recovery, patients with proximal humerus fractures can expect similar functional recovery and satisfaction at 1-year compared to those who received RSA for degenerative indications.
Competency Focused Versus Philosophically Grounded Health Promotion Practice: Impacts on Innovation and Addressing Health Inequities
Authors: James Tyler G. , Sullivan Meagan K. , Henderson Heather , Varnes Julia R.
Published: May 2022

The professionalization of the fields of health education and health promotion has largely coincided with the completion of job task analysis conducted by major organizations in the field (e.g., the National Commission for Health Education Credentialing, Society for Public Health Education). The process through which these job task analyses and skill-based competencies are implemented in professional preparation programs poses a risk to stifle advancement and innovation in health education and promotion. In this perspective, we discuss Competency Focused Practice (the current state of the field) to a goal of Philosophically Grounded Practice. We provide comparisons of the implications of these two schools of thought with respect to ethics, social determinants of health, and practical methods in health education and promotion.
American Society of Hematology living guidelines on the use of anticoagulation for thromboprophylaxis in patients with COVID-19: January 2022 update on the use of therapeutic-intensity anticoagulation in acutely ill patients
Authors: Cuker Adam , Tseng Eric K. , Nieuwlaat Robby , Angchaisuksiri Pantep , Blair Clifton , Dane Kathryn , DeSancho Maria T. , Diuguid David , Griffin Daniel O. , Kahn Susan R. , Klok Frederikus A. , Lee Alfred Ian , Neumann Ignacio , Pai Ashok , Righini Marc , Sanfilippo Kristen M. , Siegal Deborah M. , Skara Mike , Terrell Deirdra R. , Touri Kamshad , Akl Elie A. , Al Jabiri Reyad , Al Jabiri Yazan , Barbara Angela M. , Bognanni Antonio , Boulos Mary , Brignardello-Petersen Romina , Charide Rana , Colunga-Lozano Luis E. , Dearness Karin , Darzi Andrea J. , Hussein Heba , Karam Samer G. , Mansour Razan , Morgano Gian Paolo , Morsi Rami Z. , Muti-Schünemann Giovanna , Nadim Menatalla K. , Philip Binu A. , Qiu Yuan , Benitez Yetiani Roldan , Stevens Adrienne , Solo Karla , Wiercioch Wojtek , Mustafa Reem A. , Schünemann Holger J.
Published: May 2022

Background:

COVID-19–related acute illness is associated with an increased risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE).

Objective:

These evidence-based guidelines from the American Society of Hematology (ASH) are intended to support patients, clinicians, and other health care professionals in making decisions about the use of anticoagulation in patients with COVID-19.

Methods:

ASH formed a multidisciplinary guideline panel that included patient representatives and applied strategies to minimize potential bias from conflicts of interest. The McMaster University GRADE Centre supported the guideline development process and performed systematic evidence reviews (through November 2021). The panel prioritized clinical questions and outcomes according to their importance for clinicians and patients. The panel used the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach to assess evidence and make recommendations, which were subject to public comment. This is an update to guidelines published in February 2021 as part of the living phase of these guidelines.

Results:

The panel made one additional recommendation. The panel issued a conditional recommendation in favor of therapeutic-intensity over prophylactic-intensity anticoagulation in patients with COVID-19–related acute illness who do not have suspected or confirmed VTE. The panel emphasized the need for an individualized assessment of risk of thrombosis and bleeding. The panel also noted that heparin (unfractionated or low molecular weight) may be preferred because of a preponderance of evidence with this class of anticoagulants.

Conclusion:

This conditional recommendation was based on very low certainty in the evidence, underscoring the need for additional, high-quality, randomized controlled trials comparing different intensities of anticoagulation in patients with COVID-19–related acute illness.
Value of CT sinography and analysis of missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis for abdominal wall sinus
Authors: Du Xuechao , Yan Yuchang , Sun Pengtao , Yang Shuo , Pan Zhenyu , Liu Sujun , Jiang Tao
Published: May 2022

Background

The value of CT (computed tomography) sinography in evaluating abdominal wall sinus tracts is currently unclear. The present study aims to investigate the accuracy of CT sinography in diagnosing the extent of abdominal sinus and analyze the reasons for misdiagnosis.

Materials and methods

64 patients with abdominal sinus tract formation (including fistula) undergoing CT sinography in our hospital from January 2018 to November 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. The CT images were blindly and independently re-assessed by two radiologists with 5- and 18-years work experience, respectively. Whether the sinus tract was confined to the abdominal wall or had invaded the abdominal cavity, and whether there was fistula formation were evaluated. The accuracy of CT sinography in diagnosing sinus invasion in the abdominal cavity and fistula formation was calculated. The agreements of CT sinography-surgical results and inter-observer were assessed using weighted-kappa statistics.

Results

The weighted- Kappa of inter-observer agreement (0.825, P < 0.001) and CT sinography—surgical results (0.828, P < 0.001) were both perfect. The diagnostic accuracy, sensibility, and specificity of sinus tract confined to the abdominal wall were 90.6% (95% CI: 80.7–96.5), 85.7% (95% CI: 67.3–96.0), and 94.4% (95% CI: 81.3–99.3), respectively. The diagnostic accuracy, sensibility, and specificity of fistula formation were 93.8% (95% CI: 84.8–98.3), 89.5% (95% CI: 66.9–98.7), and 95.6% (95% CI: 84.9–99.5), respectively. A total of 4 cases of sinus tract confined to the abdominal wall were misdiagnosed as invading the abdominal cavity, 2 cases of sinus tract invading the abdominal cavity were misdiagnosed as confined to the abdominal wall, 2 cases of enterocutaneous fistula were missed, 1 case of enterocutaneous fistula was misdiagnosed, 1 case of vesico-cutaneous fistula was misdiagnosed, and no cases of vesico-cutaneous fistula were missed.

Conclusions

CT sinography can accurately assess the extent of an abdominal sinus tract and reveal fistula formation, despite some inevitable misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis. Radiologists should find more clues to improve the diagnostic accuracy.