bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modelling of the Curvature Term in the Flame Surface Density Transport Equation: A Direct Numerical Simulations Based Analysis
Authors: Katragadda Mohit , Malkeson Sean P. , Chakraborty Nilanjan
Published: June 2014

A simple chemistry based three-dimensional Direct Numerical Simulations (DNS) database of freely propagating statistically planar turbulent premixed flames with a range of different values of Karlovitz number Ka, turbulent Reynolds number Re t, heat release parameter τ and global Lewis number Le has been used for the modelling of the curvature term of the generalised Flame Surface Density (FSD) transport equation in the context of Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes (RANS) simulations. The curvature term has been split into the contributions arising due to the reaction and normal diffusion components of displacement speed (i.e. T1) and the term arising due to the tangential diffusion component of displacement speed (i.e. T2). Subsequently, the sub-terms (i.e. T1 and T2) of the curvature contribution to the FSD transport have been split into the closed (i.e. T1 r and T2 r) and unclosed (i.e. T1 ur and T2 ur) components. It has been found that T2 remains deterministically negative throughout the flame brush. However, the qualitative behaviour of T1 changes significantly depending upon the values of Ka, Re t and Le. Detailed physical explanations have been provided for the observed behaviours of the components of the curvature term. Moreover, it has been observed that the closed contributions of T1 and T2 (i.e. T1 r and T2 r) remains negligible in comparison to the unclosed contributions (i.e. T1 ur and T2 ur). Suitable model expressions have been identified for T1 ur and T2 ur in the context of RANS simulations, which are shown to perform satisfactorily in all cases considered in the current analysis, accounting for the variations in Ka, Re t, τ and Le.
Innovation in Construction: A Critical Review and Future Research
Authors: Xue Xiaolong , Zhang Ruixue , Yang Rebecca , Dai Jason
Published: June 2014

The construction industry has been recognized for its conservatism and lack of innovation. In order to improve the success rate of construction innovation, the implementation of innovations within the context of construction has been discussed and developed. Literature in this area focuses extensively on construction innovation, and yet does not contain a systematic review. This paper looks to fill this gap by providing a systematic review of construction innovation. The review synthesizes the conclusions and shows the implementation of construction innovation. Collaboration, culture, innovation process, and drivers are identified as critical factors to improve the performance of construction innovation. Finally, the limitations of prior studies in construction innovation are discussed and recommendations made for areas of future study.
The Innovation Funnel Fallacy
Authors: Hakkarainen Kari , Talonen Tapani
Published: June 2014

The traditional innovation process - consisting of a funnel coupled with project screening - suffers from several practical shortcomings and flaws. Overemphasis on the role of early stages, such as idea generation, overshadows subsequent phases of equal importance. The drive to feed as many ideas as possible into the funnel may cause congestion that slows down overall progress. Furthermore, the yield may be of low quality if ineffective gates allow too many infertile ideas to pass through the funnel. Processes may be inflexible and slow to react, especially if tied to the corporate planning calendar as often proposed. This is not to imply that these problems are inherent; they are instead the consequences of poor practices.

The authors discuss the disadvantages and suggest an alternative to overcome them. The proposed approach is driven by strategic business options and also introduces additional benefits. It produces savings in sunk costs and prematurely tied-up capital. It contributes to effective and economical use of resources, because a company commits irrevocably to only one step at a time. Lastly, options enable, and by their very nature even demand, active and adaptive management.
Innovations in Knowledge Management: Applying Modular Design
Authors: Zhu Fang-wei , Sun Xiu-xia , Miller Janis , Deng Zhi-jun
Published: June 2014

This article presents an advanced method for managing knowledge using a modular design approach and applied the approach through an example with computer manufacturing. The benefits of modularity are discussed both within and between companies. We find that through modular design, knowledge management systems are simplified and communication between modules is greatly improved. In addition, modularity makes parallel innovation possible, as well as, sharing innovative resources through collaboration. Modularity leads to effective knowledge sharing and thus stimulates knowledge-based innovation. A case study of the computer industry further demonstrates the effects of modularity in an industry. Finally, we suggest that enterprises should take advantage of modularity when they carry out knowledge-based innovation and the measures are developed to implement successful modularity.
Recovery of dicer-like 1-late flowering phenotype by miR172 expressed by the noncanonical DCL4-dependent biogenesis pathway
Authors: Tsuzuki Masayuki , Takeda Atsushi , Watanabe Yuichiro
Published: June 2014

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) act as down-regulators of gene expression, and play a dominant role in eukaryote development. In Arabidopsis thaliana, DICER-LIKE 1 (DCL1) is the main processor in miRNA biogenesis, and dcl1 mutants show various developmental defects at the early stage of embryogenesis or at gamete formation. However, miRNAs responsible for the respective developmental stages of the dcl1 defects have not been identified. Here, we developed a DCL1-independent miRNA expression system using the unique DCL4-dependent miRNA, miR839. By replacing the mature sequence in the miR839 precursor sequence with that of miR172, one of the most widely conserved miRNAs in angiosperms, we succeeded in expressing miR172 from a chimeric miR839 precursor in dcl1-7 plants and observed the repression of miR172 target gene expression. In parallel, the DCL4-dependent miR172 expression rescued the late flowering phenotype of dcl1-7 by acceleration of flowering. We established the DCL1-independent miRNA expression system, and revealed that the reduction of miR172 expression is responsible for the dcl1-7 late flowering phenotype.
A influência das áreas verdes nos serviços públicos de saúde na cidade de Mandaguari, Paraná, Brasil
Authors: Perehouskei Nestor Alexandre , De Angelis Bruno Luiz Domingos
Published: June 2014

O presente trabalho consiste no desenvolvimento de pesquisa sobre a importância das áreas verdes urbanas no contexto dos serviços públicos de saúde na Cidade de Mandaguari, Paraná. Inicialmente, foram utilizados os dados de Autorização de Internação Hospitalar (AIH) no período de 2000 a 2010, disponibilizados pelo banco de dados DATASUS, buscando identificar os problemas de saúde de maior ocorrência, cujo resultado apontou para as doenças do aparelho respiratório e circulatório, que pressupõem em seus tratamentos, a realização de atividades físicas, que podem ser realizadas com aproveitamento para a saúde, em espaços públicos livres. A partir de pesquisa investigativa, com a aplicação de questionário junto a 362 usuários, verificou-se que        em relação aos espaços públicos, aas pessoas entrevistadas reconhecem a importância das áreas verdes para a melhoria da qualidade de vida. Dos 362 usuários 357 (98,6%) consideram que as áreas verdes oferecem ar puro, limpo e saudável, sendo um ótimo espaço para atividades físicas, recreação e outros. Cinco usuários (1,3%) do universo amostrado não consideram a contribuição das áreas verdes para a saúde, pela desinformação, ou mesmo, a dificuldade em associar os temas. Nessa perspectiva, o conceito de território, no âmbito do setor de saúde, passa a adotar em seu próprio conceito a inclusão das potencialidades provindas da presença das áreas verdes urbanas, que contribuem para as boas condições de vida das comunidades envolvidas.
São os membros superiores na Paralisia Cerebral negligenciados?
Authors: Castro Ubiratan Brum , De Carvalho Júnior Lúcio Honório , Fucs Patricia Maria de Moraes Barros
Published: June 2014

Objetivo: Avaliar se num serviço de atendimento especializado, o membro superior é preterido ou negligenciado no tratamento das alterações motoras da Paralisia Cerebral. Casuística e métodos: Foram analisados 80 pacientes portadores de Paralisia Cerebral menores de dezessete anos tratados institucionalmente. Foram avaliados pelo mesmo examinador quanto à classificação e tratamentos (cirúrgico ou não) do aparelho locomotor. Resultados: O membro superior teve a seguinte abordagem terapêutica considerando o grupo de mão comprometida, 1 (2%) foi submetido a transferência tendinosa no punho e 53 (98%) não foram operados. Quanto a órteses, 9 (17%) usavam estabilizadores de punho e 45 (83%) não usavam. Quanto à toxina botulínica não houve aplicação nos membros superiores. Nos membros inferiores, considerando o total de pacientes, 16 (20%) foram submetidos à cirurgia e 64(80%) não foram operados. As cirurgias foram um tratamento cirúrgico de luxação do quadril, 7 a alongamentos múltiplos em membros inferiores, 5 alongamento de tendão calcâneo, 3 tenotomia de adutores. Quanto ao uso de órteses, 49 (61%) faziam uso e 31(39%) não utilizavam. Dos pacientes que faziam uso de órteses, 48 usavam tala estabilizadora de tornozelo, um usava estabilizador de joelho. Quanto à  o uso de toxina botulínica: 32 tiveram aplicação (40%) e 48 não receberam aplicação (60%). Conclusão: No presente estudo, o tratamento do membro superior foi negligenciado.
Histamine and acetylcholine receptor involvement in sensorimotor gating: an autoradiography study
Authors: Skefos Jerry , Ghulam Melissa , Mahendra Arjun , Patel Gaurang , Larrauri Jose , Kholdebarin Ehsan , Levin Edward , Bauman Margaret
Published: June 2014

Sensory gating is a way by which the brain manages sensory information flow. For optimal allocation of neural resources, it is important to be able to screen out (or “gate”) irrelevant sensory information when another stimulus is being processed.  Sensorimotor gating more generally refers to the overall process of modulation of the motor responses to sensory stimuli.  Impaired sensorimotor gating is seen in a variety of neurobehavioral disorders including schizophrenia, autism and sensory processing disorder. The degree of sensorimotor gating can be studied behaviorally by indexing prepulse inhibition (PPI). PPI reflects the degree of suppression of a startle response to an intense sensory stimulus when it is preceded by a more modest sensory stimulus. The neural circuitry underlying PPI has been shown to include dopaminergic and cholinergic systems. We previously found that histaminergic H1 receptors also play important roles in sensorimotor gating: the acute administration of the histamine H1 antagonist, pyrilamine, significantly reverses the PPI impairment caused by the NMDA glutamate antagonist, dizocilpine (MK-801). The current study was conducted to determine the anatomic bases for histaminergic and cholinergic regulation of the effect of NMDA antagonism on PPI.  Using autoradiography, we found that pyrilamine treatment decreased H1 receptor binding in the anterior cingulate, which correlated with PPI improvement.  Furthermore, we found that pyrilamine treatment resulted in increased α7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor binding in the insular cortex, which also correlated with PPI improvement.  These findings shed light on the interaction between histamine and acetylcholine signaling in a distributed network of PPI modulation.
The Hirsch Conjecture Holds for Normal Flag Complexes
Authors: Adiprasito Karim A. , Benedetti Bruno
Published: June 2014

Using an intuition from metric geometry, we prove that any flag normal simplicial complex satisfies the nonrevisiting path conjecture. As a consequence, the diameter of its facet-ridge graph is smaller than the number of vertices minus the dimension, as in the Hirsch conjecture. This proves the Hirsch conjecture for all flag polytopes and, more generally, for all (connected) flag homology manifolds.
Are prescribed infusions running as intended? Quantitative analysis of log files from infusion pumps used in a large acute NHS hospital
Authors: Aceves Carlos Monroy , Oladimeji Patrick , Thimbleby Harold , Lee Paul
Published: June 2014

Quantitative analysis of event logs from 127 infusion pumps used in a large acute NHS hospital in Wales are presented and discussed.

The logs record a snapshot of 3681 infusions, accounting for a total of 9048 hours of intravenous medication delivery. The pumps were used over seven departments throughout the hospital. The study shows that 44% (n=1637) of infusions are interrupted at least once.

The analyses provide insights into how pumps are actually used in practice. There are important implications for staff training, pharmacy, procurement, equipment management and — in the longer run — improved device design.
Smart pumps—good for nurses as well as patients
Authors: Upton David , Quinn Chris
Published: June 2014

Much has been made of the risks to patients, particularly from drug overdose, inherent in delivering medication via the intravenous route. The call for enhanced patient safety has fuelled the development of technological solutions to reduce the consequences of human error.

However, while patient safety is always paramount, does the technology bestow any benefits to the nurse administering the care?

This paper aims to explore the drivers behind the development of safety systems for IV infusion pumps, describe the so-called smart pump technology and its applications, and focus particularly on why these systems are good for nurses.
1 Exudate management
Authors: Hampton Sylvie , Verrall Debby
Published: June 2014

Controlling wound exudate is a common problem that has traditionally been managed by changing dressings frequently—and using dressings that were not designed for highly exuding wounds. Wound exudate can have a significant impact on a patient's quality of life and can delay wound healing ( World Union of Wound Healing Societies (WUWHS), 2007 ). It is also challenging for clinicians and can be costly in terms of clinical time and dressing cost ( Dowsett, 2011 ).

Use of appropriate absorbent dressings for effective exudate management can reduce time to healing, reduce exudate-related problems such as periwound skin damage and infection, improve patients' quality of life, reduce dressing change frequency and clinician input, and so, overall, improve healthcare efficiency ( Romanelli, et al, 2009 ).
2 Exploring the link between the clinical challenges of wound exudate and infection
Authors: Jones June
Published: June 2014

Exudate and infection are two of the key challenges facing clinicians in the management of wounds, especially chronic wounds. The associated increased use of healthcare resources and nursing time are also important consequences. What we cannot underestimate, however, is the challenge for patients and their carers of living with wounds that impact on the quality of their daily lives, causing misery and distress. This article focuses on the importance of exudate as a marker of infection and the link between the two. It looks at infection and the difficulties confronting clinicians in managing wound bioburden when sometimes the wound appears not to give any clues, or at the least, very subtle ones that could easily be missed. The pivotal role of ongoing patient assessment and wound assessment is discussed; timely intervention is seen as the key to management.
The EU’s Post-Lisbon Democratic Development: What Lessons for Iceland?
Authors: Conrad Maximilian
Published: June 2014

Apart from the question of whether permanent exemptions from EU rules could be achieved in Iceland’s (by now halted) EU accession negotiations, the EU’s institutional development in the wake of the Lisbon Treaty has been used as a key argument for the conservative government to first suspend the negotiations and subsequently also to propose to withdraw the membership application altogether. In this regard, concerns about the democratic quality of EU decision making play a key role. However, as this article argues, the institutional development of the EU since Lisbon, particularly in relation to democratic governance, has been considerably more subtle than it is claimed to be and has to be seen as a continuation of a much longer process. More importantly, however, the debate leaves pressing questions about the nature of the EU as a polity unaddressed. In this context, this article addresses the question of what kind of democracy is possible in the kind of polity sui generis that the EU undoubtedly is.
Hvað skiptir máli fyrir árangursríka stjórnun nýsköpunar í opinberri þjónustustarfsemi?
Authors: Jónsdóttir Inga Jóna
Published: June 2014

Markmið rannsóknar þeirrar sem hér er til umfjöllunar er að efla þekkingu og skilning á nýsköpunarstarfi í opinbera geiranum. Í greininni er leitast við að varpa ljósi á fyrstu stig í þróunar- eða lærdómsferlinu sem á sér stað þegar ný lausn verður til í hvunndagsvinnunni. Þetta er gert með lýsandi greiningu á frásögum stjórnenda af atburðum og atburðarás. Í annan stað er leitað skilnings með túlkandi greiningu og útskýringum á frásögum stjórnenda af athöfnum og samskiptum. Leitað er svara við því hvað eru lykil árangursráðar (e. critical success factors) vel heppnaðrar nýsköpunar í opinberri þjónustustarfsemi. Áhugaverðar niðurstöður og vísbendingar sem fram koma eru að stjórnendur eru ótvíræðir frumkvöðlar í þróunar- og lærdómsferlinu. Hin þögla persónubundna og starfstengda reynsla þeirra (e. tacit knowledge) og menntun í stjórnun er ásamt samfélagslegri þörf aflvaki sem hrindir nýsköpun af stað. Þýðingarmikið atriði í nýsköpunarvinnunni eru samskipti og tjáskipti (e. communication action). Rauði þráðurinn í frásögum stjórnendanna er samtalið, upplýsingagjöf og virk hlustun. Teymisvinnuskipulagið með fjölbreytileikann að leiðarljósi er annað mikilvægt atriði.
Lýðræðisleg menntastefna: Sögulegt ágrip og heimspekileg greining
Authors: Jónsson Ólafur Páll
Published: June 2014

Mestan hluta 20. aldarinnar einkenndist stefnumótun íslenskra stjórnvalda í skólamálum af hugmyndum um almenningsskóla sem stofnanir lýðræðislegs samfélags. Það var samt ekki fyrr en árið 1974 sem lög um almenningsskóla nefndu lýðræði berum orðum í markmiðskafla. Fyrri lagasetningar bera hins vegar með sér augljósar lýðræðislegar hugmyndir, ekki síst þá að menntun skuli ná til allra, að skólakerfi skuli vera heildstætt og að aðgangur að menntun skuli einkennast af jöfnuði. Ég mun beina sjónum mínum að opinberri stefnumótun og velta því fyrir mér hvenær, hvort og einnig að hvaða marki megi segja að á Íslandi hafi verið lýðræðisleg menntastefna. Í þessari umfjöllun hafa grunnskólalögin frá 1974 nokkra sérstöðu, bæði vegna þeirrar stefnumörkunar sem birtist í lögunum sjálfum en ekki síður vegna þess margvíslega starfs sem unnið var á vettvangi skólaþróunar í tengslum við þau. Ég mun færa rök fyrir því að á þessum tíma hafi verið eiginlega menntastefna við lýði en að hún hafi svo verið lögð af í sögukennsluskammdeginu á níunda áratug 20. aldarinnar og þegar kom fram á þann tíunda hafi ekki lengur verið við lýði eiginleg menntastefna.
Rökræðulýðræði verður stofnanalýðræði: Er hættulegt að færa vald til almennings? Athugasemdir við grein Vilhjálms Árnasonar "Valdið fært til fólksins?"
Authors: Ólafsson Jón
Published: June 2014

Greinin er viðbrögð við skrifum Vilhjálms Árnasonar um lýðræði, einkum grein hans "Valdið fært til fólksins? Veikleikar og verkefni íslensks lýðræðis í aðdraganda og eftirmála hrunsins." Því er haldið fram að gagnrýni Vilhjálms á lýðræðistilraunir á Íslandi í kjölfar hrunsins 2008 tjái efasemdir um lýðræði og að það form lýðræðis sem Vilhjámur telur heppilegast feli í raun í sér áherslu á vandaða stjórnsýslu á kostnað lýðræðis. Fjallað er um pólitískar umræður, þátttöku og óháðan vettvang almannahagsmuna sem geti rúmað bæði rökræðulýðræði og sjálfstæða fjölmiðla. Því er haldið fram að erfitt sé eða ómögulegt að leggja mat á það utan frá að hve miklu leyti sjónarmið sérhagsmuna, kappræðu og pólitískra hrossakaupa ráða ferðinni á vettvangi stjórnmála. Almennir siðferðilegir mælikvarðar dugi því skammt til að meta stjórnmálaumræðu. Rök eru færð fyrir því að tilraunir á Íslandi með þjóðaratkvæðagreiðslur, þjóðfundi, stjórnlagaráð og fleira séu mikilvæg reynsla sem þurfi að draga lærdóma af frekar en að líta svo á gerð hafi verið alvarleg mistök í skipulagningu og framkvæmd þeirra eins og Vilhjámur heldur fram. Í lokin er bent á að því fari þó fjarri að efasemdum sé þar með eytt um beint lýðræði og að til þess að sýna fram á gildi þess þurfi að svara fullyrðingum efasemdamanna með meira sannfærandi hætti en gert hefur verið.
Sameining sveitarfélaga á Íslandi í 70 ár. Röksemdir sameiningarsinna og andstæðinga
Authors: Eyþórsson Grétar Þór
Published: June 2014

Í þessari grein er fjallað um þær röksemdir sem notaðar hafa verið í umræðu um það hvort sameina beri sveitarfélög á Íslandi um sjötíu ára skeið. Greind eru rök bæði sameiningarsinna sem og þeirra sem lagst hafa gegn sameiningum. Notast er m.a. við skilgreiningar Dönsku stjórnmálafræðinganna Ulrik Kjær og Poul Erik Mouritzen á því hvað felist í bolmagni (d. bæredygtighed) og lýðræði í umræðu um samspil þessara þátta þegar rætt er um stærð sveitarfélaga. Það er meginniðurstaðan í greiningunni að rök sem tengjast hagkvæmni, skilvirkni og bolmagni; a) hagkvæmni og skilvirkni, b) faglegt bolmagn, c) aðgerða- og þróunargeta, d) þjónustubolmagn og e) aðlögunar og breytingageta séu þeir þættir sem notaðir hafa verið sem röksemdir fyrir sameiningum sveitafélaga. Sérstaklega á þetta við um hagkvæmni og skilvirkni og svo faglegt bolmagn. Veigamestu röksemdir andstæðinga sameininga gegnum tíðina eru lýðræðistengd rök: a) rök um endurspeglun og jafnræði (svæðalegt jafnræði og þjónustulegt jafnræði), b) rök um ábyrgð (þekkingu á málefnum sveitarfélags og þátttaka í kosningum) og c) móttækileiki kerfis, þ.e. hið pólitíska kerfis bregst við þörfum og kröfum fólksins með því t.d. að gefa borgurunum möguleika á þátttöku.
Experimental and theoretical investigation of the new, metastable compound Cr3Sb
Authors: Regus Matthias , Kuhn Gerhard , Polesya Svitlana , Mankovsky Sergiy , Alemayehu Matti , Stolt Matthew , Johnson David C. , Ebert Hubert , Bensch Wolfgang
Published: June 2014

A new metastable compound Cr3Sb was synthesized as thin film starting from modulated elemental reactant layers. The new compound is cubic and crystallizes in the A15 structure (Cr3Si-type). A variation of the occupancy of the Sb position (0, 0, 0) was observed leading to a Cr-rich sample with formula Cr∼6Sb. In-situ X-ray diffraction and reflectivity investigations indicate an interdiffusion of the multilayers and crystallization of the new compound below 350°C. Calculations of the crystal structure and lattice parameter agree well with the experimental results. In addition the existence of a further metastable phase, a Heusler-like alloy, is discussed and supported by DFT calculations.
Anhydrous lithium borate, Li3B11O18, crystal structure, phase transition and thermal expansion
Authors: Sennova Natalia , Albert Barbara , Bubnova Rimma , Krzhizhanovskaya Maria , Filatov Stanislav
Published: June 2014

A new lithium borate, Li3B11O18, was synthesized by crystallization from glass, containing an excess of B2O3. The compound crystallizes monoclinic, P21/a, Z=4, a=9.766(5) Å, b=7.849(5) Å, c=17.899(9) Å, β=100.96(5)°, V=1347.0(13) Å3 (R=0.06, wR=0.12). The structure is based upon two interpenetrating frameworks formed by triborate and pentaborate groups. The thermal behaviour of Li3B11O18 was studied using DTA, DSC, and high-temperature XRD. Highly anisotropic thermal expansion and a new high-temperature phase were observed.
Steels for Plastic Molding: Relationship between Mechanical and Microstructural Properties
Authors: Ghidini A. , Rivolta B. , Silva G. , Gerosa R.
Published: June 2014

In the automotive world, many components are produced by polymer injection using steel molds with very large sizes, up to 1 m × 1 m sections or even larger. These steels should have good thermal conductivity, good weldability, high machinability, and good disposition to polishing and photoengraving. Moreover, high toughness and high mechanical properties across the whole mold thickness are strongly desired and appreciated. To satisfy these demands, chemical composition and heat-treatment cycles shall be properly designed and optimized. The traditional tensile and impact tests are useful for a basic characterization of the material, whereas the fracture toughness is related to an advanced and deeper analysis. Nevertheless, traditional tests are easier to be carried out and, hence, they are often preferred instead of the more complicated fracture-toughness tests. In this paper, the authors considered different mold steels as an attempt to correlate the fundamental mechanical parameters (i.e., the yield stress, the UTS, the elongation at rupture, and the absorbed impact energy) and the microstructures to the fracture toughness. Surface and core sampling position will be considered. The analysis of the available data resulted in very good correlations among the impact energy and the mechanical properties and among the fracture toughness and the impact energy.
A Multi-Body Numerical Modeling Approach to Investigate the Role of Inclusions in the Fracture Toughness of Bearing Steels
Authors: Subramanian Rohit , Shivpuri Rajiv
Published: June 2014

Antifriction bearings often fail from inclusion initiated surface and/or subsurface cracks that propagate in a hard tempered-martensite matrix that contains a certain amount of retained austenite, especially for case carburized surfaces. The primary inclusions present are carbides, sulfides, nitrides, and oxides that are characterized by distinct morphology, frequency, and constitutive behavior. Consequently, the fracture toughness of the inclusion-matrix system depends on the interactions between the inclusions themselves and their surrounding matrix. This paper presents a numerical framework for investigating the fracture response of the inclusions and the multiphase tempered martensite matrix. In this multibody approach, the inclusions are modeled as discrete bodies embedded in a plastic matrix with their distinct constitutive behavior. The plastic response of the polycrystalline matrix is modeled using a micromechanics approach for heterogeneous materials based on the original works of Eshelby and Hill. Finally, the mechanics of inclusion-matrix interface is included in the sliding surface description for the contacting bodies. This fracture model used in this study is based on the energy adsorption in the initiation of cracks and their subsequent propagation during tensile loading. The multibody model is calibrated and validated by comparison to experimental results reported in literature. Subsequently, the effect of phases surrounding the inclusion and the composition of the matrix are evaluated using the model. The constitutive behavior of the transition layer surrounding the inclusion is found to have a profound impact on the fracture toughness properties. The volume fraction of retained austenite in the matrix is also found to influence the fracture toughness of the material and cracking instability. Key results of this investigation are included in this paper.
Minding the Metaphor
Authors: Coe Cari An
Published: June 2014

This paper analyzes Vietnamese online media coverage of recent social movements in Egypt, Thailand and Burma to examine how the communist party-state’s media covers events abroad that could be seen as having metaphorical significance or potential for political change in Vietnam. It shows that different social movements receive varying levels of coverage with different emphases in terms of content. While commercialization of the state-run press in Vietnam has perhaps opened a neoliberal space for alternative representations of information, resulting in press coverage of international social movements that largely mirrors Western coverage, the Vietnamese media still carefully steers clear of any metaphorical meanings that these events may evoke for the party-state.
Will Fluoroscopic Follow-up after Stent-Assisted Coiling of Cerebral Aneurysms Provide Information on Recanalization?
Authors: Oh Hyun Ho , Jung Cheolkyu , Lee Tae Hong , Kwon Bae Ju , Kim Young , Lee Kyu Chang
Published: June 2014

Fluoroscopic images for comparison (FICs) can be easily obtained for follow-up on an outpatient basis. This study retrospectively assessed the diagnostic performance of a set of FICs for evaluation of recanalization after stent-assisted coiling, with digital subtraction angiography (DSA) as the reference standard. A total of 124 patients harboring 144 stent-assisted coiled aneurysms were included. At least one month postembolization they underwent follow-up angiograms comprising a routine frontal and lateral DSA and a working-angle DSA. For analysis, FICs should be compared with the mask images of postprocedural DSAs to find recanalization. Instead of FIC acquisition, the mask images of follow-up DSAs were taken as a substitute because of the same view-making processes as FICs, full availability, and perfect coincidence with follow-up DSAs. Two independent readers evaluated a set of 169 FICs and DSA images for the presence of recanalization one month apart. Sensitivity, specificity, and interreader agreement were determined. Recanalization occurred in 24 (14.2%) cases. Of these, nine (5.3%) cases were found to have significant recanalization in need of retreatment. Sensitivity and specificity rates were 79.2% (19 of 24) and 95.9% (139 of 145) respectively for reader 1, and 66.7% (16 of 24) and 97.9% (142 of 145) for reader 2. Minimal recanalization was identified in seven out of all eight false negative cases. Excluding minimally recanalized cases in no need for retreatment from the recanalization group, calculation resulted in high sensitivity and specificity of over 94% for both readers. Interreader agreement between the two readers was excellent (96.4%; κ = 0.84). FICs may be a good imaging modality to detect significant recanalization of stent-assisted coiled aneurysms.
Curative Glubran 2 Embolization of Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformations Patient Selection and Initial Results
Authors: Liu Jie , Lv Ming , Lv Xianli , He Hongwei , Liu Aihua , Qian Zenghui , Li Youxiang
Published: June 2014

The liquid embolic agents currently used for embolization of cerebral arteriovenous malformations are Onyx and NBCA. Glubran 2, a cyanoacrylate-based synthetic glue, has recently been applied for embolization of cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). We report the clinical results of selected cerebral AVMs treated with Glubran 2 targeting for curative embolization.

Between October 2011 and March 2013, 31 patients with cerebral AVMs were selected for curative embolization with Glubran 2. There were 19 men and 12 women with a mean age of 32 years (range 4–65 years). Initial clinical presentation included hemorrhage in 28 and seizures in three patients. AVM location was frontal in eight patients, parietal in four, occipital in eight temporal in six, cerebellar in two and cerebellar vermis in three patients. Follow-up was performed clinically and with angiography examination at three to six months. Clinical outcomes were evaluated based on the modified Rankin Scale (mRS).

A mean of 2.5 (range, 1–12) feeding pedicles were embolized per patient. Complete angiographic obliteration of AVM was achieved in 27 patients. A hemorrhagic complication was observed in one patient, an ischemic complication in one patient and technical complications in four patients. There was no procedure-related disabling neurological deficit or death at discharge. Additional gamma knife radiosurgery was performed in five patients, including one patient with recurrent AVM. All of the patients had favorable clinical outcomes at three to six month follow-up (mRS≤2).

The curative embolization technique with Glubran 2 for selected cerebral AVMs achieved a high initial complete obliteration rate with an acceptable complication frequency.
Bilateral Migration of Open-Cell Design Carotid Stents in the Early Post-Procedure Period: A Rare Complication
Authors: Swarnkar Amar , Krishna Shri Harsha , Zimmerman Nicole , Latorre Julius , Deshaies Eric M
Published: June 2014

We describe migration of bilateral carotid stents in a 63-year-old man shortly after stenting. Carotid stent migration was found four days post-procedure on the right side and one day post-procedure on the left side on angiography and duplex ultrasound, respectively. This is the first reported case of bilateral carotid artery stenting complicated by bilateral proximal migration of open-cell design stents in the early post-procedure period.
Stent Fracture and Occlusion after Treatment of Symptomatic Vertebral Artery Ostium Stenosis with a Self-Expanding Device
Authors: Lu Jun , Liu Jiachun , Wang Daming , Wang Shuo
Published: June 2014

Endovascular stenting with a balloon expandable device is currently the preferred treatment modality for symptomatic proximal vertebral artery stenosis, but high rates of in-stent restenosis remain a major problem, for which stent fracture might be a contributing factor. Limited reports showed that placement of self-expanding stents in the proximal vertebral artery might reduce restenosis; no stent fracture has been reported to date. We describe here a new case of fracture and occlusion of a self-expanding stent after endovascular treatment of symptomatic vertebral artery ostium stenosis.
Recuperating Feminism, Reclaiming Femininity
Authors: Lazar Michelle
Published: June 2014

Traditional gender stereotypes of women have been a common feature of consumer advertisements. In response to feminist criticisms against these stereotypical representations, as well as in recognition of a rising population of female wage earners in industrial societies, advertisers have ‘updated’ their representations of women as strong, confident and autonomous. This article analyses the construction of this ‘postfeminist’ femininity in print jewellery advertisements in Singapore, with the aim of showing how it is constituted in terms of a hybrid mix of elements derived from feminism and normative femininity, underscored by neoliberal and consumerist ideologies. Undertaking a multimodal analysis informed by a feminist critical discourse perspective, the article examines, in particular, the emergence of a distinctly pronounced sense of self or ‘I-dentity’ that is characteristic of postfeminist discourse. It is argued that through this hybrid postfeminist I-dentity, advertisers have found a way to reinstall a new normativity that coexists with the status quo.
Analysing Agency
Authors: Mills Sara , Jones Lucy
Published: June 2014

This article analyses online reader responses to the erotic fiction series Fifty Shades, and queries whether fans gain agency by talking about the books. Through the use of queer critical discourse analysis, we argue that fans of Fifty Shades typically acquiesce in the normative gender roles portrayed within the books, but that this facilitates their agency as sexual beings. In particular, we show how the readers in our sample do identity work around their own experiences as heterosexual women. Rather than focusing on representations of gender and sexuality in the novels, then, we argue that representation is best analysed not from a top-down perspective, but through an investigation of how discourses within texts are negotiated and put to use by their readers.
Police interviews with child witnesses: pursuing a response with maar (= Dutch but) - prefaced questions
Authors: Jol Guusje Annie Hubertine , Van der Houwen Fleur
Published: June 2014

Recent research emphasizes the importance of how child-witnesses are interviewed. Studies have shown that children can give reliable testimony if interviewers comply with instructions such as avoiding suggestive questioning and not giving feedback on the child's answers. Positive feedback suggests that there are right (and wrong) answers whereas negative feedback could urge children to change their answer. In this article we analyze questions that are prefaced by ‘maar’ (= Dutch ‘but’) questions that are often associated with disagreement and objection and might give negative feedback. Based on the analysis of seven police interviews with child-witnesses, we show 1) how these questions can treat a preceding answer as insufficient and how they project the need for another answer, and, 2) how these questions can differ a) to what extent they guide children to change their answer, b) in how they attribute responsibility for the insufficient answer to an inadequate question or to something else (e.g. the child's attention), and c) in how much pressure they exercise.
Determination of Likelihood Ratios for Forensic Voice Comparison Using Principal Component Analysis
Authors: Nair Balamurali , Alzqhoul Esam , Guillemin Bernard John
Published: June 2014

The likelihood ratio (LR) framework is gaining increasing acceptance amongst forensic speech scientists when undertaking forensic voice comparison. Multivariate Kernel Density (MVKD) is one approach that has been used for calculating LRs when the number of parameters is in the region of 3 or 4. However there could be robustness issues with this approach when the number of parameters is larger than this. In this paper we present an alternative to the MVKD approach, termed Principal Component Analysis Kernel Density Likelihood Ratio (PCAKLR), which takes account of within-segment correlations, yet is computationally robust irrespective of the number of parameters used. We show that PCAKLR produces comparable results to MVKD for small numbers of parameters. Further, it also has the ability to directly handle between-segment correlations and is thus an alternative to the logistic-regression fusion typically used to combine results from multiple segments.
Tenor in Judicial Reasoning
Authors: Huisman Rosemary , Blackshield Tony
Published: June 2014

This paper juxtaposes the modelling of language and context in systemic functional linguistics (SFL) with a modelling of legal relations in jurisprudence (that of W. N. Hohfeld), in order to discuss realizations of tenor in legal discourse in the context of the High Court of Australia. In particular, the paper focuses on choices of modality in the judicial reasoning, that is judgments, of the different judges in a single case. The case of Al-Kateb was chosen because all seven High Court Judges gave judgments and because of the close result: four judges in the majority and three dissenting. While textual analysis suggests potential discursive features of the judgment register, it also suggests differences in the repertoire of individual judges.
Rare Breast Cancer Subtypes: Histological, Molecular, and Clinical Peculiarities
Authors: Dieci Maria Vittoria , Orvieto Enrico , Dominici Massimo , Conte PierFranco , Guarneri Valentina
Published: June 2014

Breast cancer encompasses a collection of different diseases characterized by different biological and pathological features, clinical presentation, response to treatments, clinical behavior, and outcome. On the basis of cell morphology, growth, and architecture patterns, breast cancer can be classified in up to 21 distinct histological types. Breast cancer special types, including the classic lobular invasive carcinoma, represent 25% of all breast cancers. The histological diversity of breast carcinomas has relevant prognostic implications. Indeed, the rare breast cancer group includes subtypes with very different prognoses, ranging from the tubular carcinoma, associated with an indolent clinical course, to metaplastic cancer, whose outcome is generally unfavorable. New approaches based on gene expression profiling allow the identification of molecularly defined breast cancer classes, with distinct biological features and clinical behavior. In clinical practice, immunohistochemical classification based on the expression of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 and Ki67 is applied as a surrogate of the intrinsic molecular subtypes. However, the identification of intrinsic molecular subtypes were almost completely limited to the study of ductal invasive breast cancer. Moreover, some good-prognosis triple-negative histotypes, on the basis of gene expression profiling, can be classified among the poor-prognosis group. Therefore, histopathological classification remains a crucial component of breast cancer diagnosis. Special histologies can be very rare, and the majority of information on outcome and treatments derives from small series and case reports. As a consequence, clear recommendations about clinical management are still lacking. In this review, we summarize current knowledge about rare breast cancer histologies.
Designing screening protocols for amphibian disease that account for imperfect and variable capture rates of individuals
Authors: Canessa Stefano , Martel An , Pasmans Frank
Published: June 2014

The amphibian chytrid fungus, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, is one of the main factors in global amphibian decline. Accurate knowledge of its presence and prevalence in an area is needed to trigger conservation actions. However, imperfect capture rates determine the number of individuals caught and tested during field surveys, and contribute to the uncertainty surrounding estimates of prevalence. Screening programs should be planned with the objective of minimizing such uncertainty. We show how this can be achieved by using predictive models that incorporate information about population size and capture rates. Using as a case study an existing screening program for three populations of the yellow‐bellied toad (Bombina variegata pachypus) in northern Italy, we sought to quantify the effect of seasonal variation in individual capture rates on the uncertainty surrounding estimates of chytrid prevalence. We obtained estimates of population size and capture rates from mark–recapture data, and found wide seasonal variation in the individual recapture rates. We then incorporated this information in a binomial model to predict the estimates of prevalence that would be obtained by sampling at different times in the season, assuming no infected individuals were found. Sampling during the period of maximum capture probability was predicted to decrease upper 95% credible intervals by a maximum of 36%, compared with least suitable periods, with greater gains when using uninformative priors. We evaluated model predictions by comparing them with the results of screening surveys in 2012. The observed results closely matched the predicted figures for all populations, suggesting that this method can be reliably used to maximize the sampling size of surveillance programs, thus improving their efficiency.
Validation of the Italian Version of the Biological Rhythms Interview of Assessment in Neuropsychiatry (BRIAN): Some Considerations on its Screening Usefulness
Authors: Moro Maria F , Carta Mauro G , Pintus Mirra , Pintus Elisa , Melis Riccardo , Kapczinski Flavio , Vieta Eduard , Colom Francesc
Published: June 2014

Introduction:

Abnormalities in biological rhythms (BR) may have a role in the pathophysiology of Bipolar Disorders (BD). The objective of this study is to validate the Italian version of the Biological Rhythms Interview of Assessment in Neuropsychiatry (BRIAN), a useful tool in studying BR, and measure its accuracy in discriminating BD.

Methods:

44 outpatients with DSM-IV-TR diagnosis of BD and 38 controls balanced for sex and age were consecutively recruited. The discriminant validity of BRIAN for the screening of BD and its test re-test reliability in two evaluations were assessed.

Results:

BD patients scored 22.22±11.19 in BRIAN against 7.13±5.6 of the control group (P<0.0001). BRIAN showed a good accuracy to screen between BD non-BD at cutoff 16, a sensitivity was 68.2 and specificity was 92.5. The test-retest stability measured using Pearson’s coefficient found very high r values for each section and the total score, thus indicating a correlation at the two times of statistical significance in all measures. Cohen’s Kappa varied from 0.47 in the sociality section to 0.80 in the sleep section, with a total K mean of 0.65.

Conclusion:

The results show that the Italian version of BRIAN has good discriminant validity in detecting BD from healthy controls and shows good test-retest reliability. The study suggests the possibility of developing mixed screening tools by introducing items on dysregulation of biological rhythms to the usual measures of mood.
Invasive Electromagnetic Field Treatment in Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Windisch C. , Kolb W. , Röhner E. , Wagner M. , Roth A. , Matziolis G. , Wagner A.
Published: June 2014

Introduction :

The purpose of this prospective cohort study was to compare the surgical treatment of non-ONFH in adulthood by curettage and bone grafting with treatment by curettage and bone grafting in combination with invasive electromagnetic field treatment using Magnetodyn®. This was assessed by examining whether electromagnetic field treatment has a positive additive effect on the clinical parameters modified Harris Hip Score according to Haddad, Cook and Brinker, Merle d'Aubigné hip score and visual analogue scale, and on the subsequent need for treatment by total hip arthroplasty.

Materials and Methodology :

The prospective, non-randomised study included 35 patients with unilateral or bilateral osteonecrosis of the femoral head. These were divided into two groups according to the surgical treatment regime and assessed over a 12-month follow-up period. The study group (Group 1) comprised 19 patients (14 men and 5 women) with a total of 22 non-ONFH, who underwent minimally invasive curettage, bone grafting and electromagnetic field treatment (Magnetodyn®) by implantation of a bipolar induction screw. The control group (Group 2) comprised 16 patients (12 men and 4 women) with a total of 18 non-ONFH, who underwent minimally invasive curettage and bone grafting without Magnetodyn®therapy. At the initial pre-operative examination and the 6 and 12-month follow-up, all patients were assessed by clinical examination and radiological monitoring, and by bilateral hip MRI. The clinical evaluation was based on the modified Harris Hip Score according to Haddad, Cook and Brinker, the Merle d`Aubigné hip score and the visual analogue scale (VAS).

Results :

At the time of follow-up, total hip arthroplasty (THA) had been performed in four patients in Group 1 (18%). In Group 2, four patients (22%) had received a THA (n.s.). Both procedures led to an improvement in the clinical scores (Harris Hip Score, Merle d`Aubigné score and VAS), although no significant difference was observed.

Conclusion :

The authors conclude that electromagnetic field treatment with Magnetodyn®, using the special signal protocol applied here, as an adjunct to curettage and autologous bone grafting to treat non-ONFH, does not produce better clinical results and does not offer better prophylaxis for the avoidance of total hip arthroplasty over all ARCO stages.