bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EFEKTIFITAS IMPLEMENTASI PENGELOLAAN DANA DESA BERDASARKAN PERMENDAGRI NOMOR 20 TAHUN 2018 TENTANG PENGELOLAAN KEUANGAN DESA DI DESA TATENGESAN
Authors: Tarore Steven , Sandag Mary Vanye
Published: December 2022

Dalam hal keuangan desa, pemerintah desa wajib menyusun Laporan Realisasi Pelaksanaan APBDesa dan Laporan Pertanggungjawaban Realisasi Pelaksanaan APB Desa. Laporan ini dihasilkan darisuatu siklus pengelolaan keuangan desa, yang dimulai dari tahapan perencanaan dan penganggaran;pelaksanaan dan penatausahaan, hingga pelaporan dan pertanggungjawaban pengelolaan keuangandesa. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian kualitatif, data primer dikumpulkan melalui teknikwawancara, dan didukung data sekunder yaitu dokumentasi. Analisis data penelitian ini menggunakanmodel interaktif yang terdiri dari “data collection, data display, data condensation, conclusing;drawing and verifying” yang dikembangkan oleh Miles, Huberman dan Saldana.Hasil penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa Alokasi Dana Desa (ADD) dapat terselesaikan denganbaik. Pertanggungjawaban Pengelolaan add dalam meningkatkan pembangunan fisik masih kurangefektif, karena serta tidak adanya evaluasi kegiatan yang seharusnya dilakukan bersama masyakat DesaTatengesan. Kemampuan sumber daya manusia masih belum memadai, terbukti dengan masih kurangmampu dalam kegiatan pengelolaan ADD secara optimal. Partisipasi masyarakat dalam pengelolaanADD masih tergolong rendah, terbukti dari setiap tahapan pengelolaan ADD hampir tidak adaketerlibatan masyarakat. Pemerintah Desa harus benar-benar mengerti dengan tupoksi dantanggungjawab terutama dalam pengelolaan ADD dan peran BPD sebagai penampung aspirasimasyarakat juga perlu ditingkatka.Kata kunci : Implementasitasi Kebijakan, Perencanaan, Pelaksanaan, Pertanggungjawaban,Dana Desa
Miedo y ansiedad de los padres asociados al comportamiento infantil durante el tratamiento endodóntico en pacientes de 3 a 6 años
Authors: Cadillo-Ibarra Marleny Marianela
Published: December 2022

Introducción: Durante el tratamiento odontopediátrico, muchas veces no se considera que el miedo y la ansiedad de los padres puedan condicionar un determinado comportamiento del paciente. Objetivo: Relacionar el miedo y la ansiedad de los padres con el comportamiento infantil durante el tratamiento endodóntico en niños de 3 a 6 años atendidos en el Instituto Nacional de Salud del Niño en el año 2020. Materiales y métodos: Estudio analítico y transversal, en una muestra de 325 pacientes niños entre 3 a 6 años y 325 padres. Se utilizó una ficha de recolección de datos donde se recopilaron los datos de filiación y dos instrumentos fiables: El cuestionario de miedos dentales y La escala de ansiedad de Corah, ambas fueron aplicadas a los padres. A los niños se les realizó un tratamiento endodóntico previo diagnóstico definitivo y consentimiento informado de los padres y se evaluó la conducta con la escala de Frankl. Resultados: La mayoría fueron niños de 5 años (29,8%), de sexo masculino (52%). Los padres presentaron medio o elevado miedo dental (82,2%), presentaron baja ansiedad (44%). Existe una relación inversa entre el miedo y la ansiedad de los padres con el comportamiento infantil durante el tratamiento endodóntico en niños de 3 a 6 años. Conclusión: La ansiedad y miedo dental que experimentan los padres influye negativamente en la colaboración de los niños durante el tratamiento endodóntico.
Association of Asbestos Exposure with Lung Cancer
Authors: ŞENTÜRK İlknur
Published: December 2022

Asbest, akciğer kanserine neden olduğu iyi bilinen bir mineraldir. Asbest ve akciğer kanseri arasındaki nedensel ilişki 1930'larda düşünülmüş ve 1955'te kanıtlanmıştır. 1960'lı yıllarda işçilerde mezotelyoma ve akciğer kanseri gibi durumların saptanmasıyla asbest kullanımı kısıtlanmaya ve yasaklanmaya başlamıştır. 20. yüzyılın ilk çeyreğinden sonra asbest, Dünya Sağlık Örgütü ve Uluslararası Kanser Araştırma Merkezi tarafından "Kanserojen Maddeler" listesinde 1A Grubu kanserojen olarak belirlenmiştir. Dünyada asbest işletmelerinin çoğu, asbestin insan sağlığına olumsuz etkileri nedeniyle doksanlı yılların sonundan itibaren faaliyetlerini durdurmuştur. Bugün tüm dünyada asbestin işletilmesi ve ticareti yasaklanmıştır.

Gözle görülmeyen lifsi bir toz olan asbest, solunduğunda akciğerde birikir. Pürüzlü ve çengelli yapısı nedeniyle akciğerde doku hasarına neden olur. Epidemiyolojik çalışmalar, asbeste maruz kalmanın akciğer kanseri, mezotelyoma, gırtlak ve yumurtalık kanseri ve asbestoz gibi ölümcül sonuçlara yol açabilecek hastalıkların nedeni olduğunu kesin olarak ortaya koymuştur. Asbest temas noktaları çevresel temas ve mesleki (endüstriyel) maruziyettir ve asbest maruziyeti Türkiye'de önemli bir halk sağlığı sorunudur. Mezotelyoma, akciğer kanseri, asbestoz gibi ciddi akciğer hastalıklarını önlemek için asbest temizliği yetkili kişilerce yapılmalı ve doğal ortamlar rehabilite edilmelidir. Ayrıca kırsal alanlarda asbestin zararları konusunda toplumu bilinçlendirmeye yönelik eğitim faaliyetlerinin planlanması ve uygulanması gerekmektedir.
Retratos de la crisis del 2008 en el cine griego: El caso de la Greek Weird Wave
Authors: San Nicolás Andrés Sara
Published: December 2022

En el presente artículo de investigación se analiza cómo queda representada la crisis financiera del 2008 en el cine griego de la corriente denominada Greek Weird Wave. De ella forman parte películas como Canino (Kynódontas, Yorgos Lanthimos, 2009), Alps (Alpeis, Yorgos Lanthimos, 2011), Wasted Youth (Wasted Youth, Argyris Papadimitropoulos y Jan Vogel, 2011), Boy Eating The Bird’s Food (To agori troei to fagito tou pouliou, Ektoras Lygizos, 2012), The Lobster (The Lobster, Yorgos Lanthimos, 2015) y Amerika Square (Plateia Amerikis, Yannis Sakaridis, 2016), enmarcadas en el período que va de los años 2009 al 2016 (es decir, en plena recesión económica). Con este propósito, partiendo del análisis textual y centrándonos especialmente en tres de las películas más representativas (como son Amerika Square, Wasted Youth y Dogtooth), analizamos las diversas narrativas contrahegemónicas que se construyen desde la industria cinematográfica griega. Relatos que consideramos transgresores en relación con las múltiples crisis que se proyectan en pantalla.
The informational-interpretative aspects of large-scale and global crises
Authors: Amaral Gustavo Rick
Published: December 2022

This paper discusses informational and interpretative aspects of large-scale crises like the COVID-19 pandemic and Climate Change. Laypeople might have difficulties interpreting information about «how a vaccine or the climate works» or «why a specific medication is safe and some particular research results are reliable» once this type of information requires some basic cognitive tools like statistical reasoning. This paper introduces the concept of adaptational lag to explain the general interpretative difficulties involved in abstract and scientific topics, which are basic in the modern complex world, particularly in large-scale crises. Statistics is a recent cultural cognitive development whose learning process in the individual mind is costly and, in many aspects, problematic due to cognitive bias and the automatic and intuitive mode of thinking. In comparative terms, the human mind is prewired to language. Humans are adapted on a genetic level to acquire language. From an adaptational perspective, statistical reasoning is a very different type of cognitive acquisition. In order to establish the concept of adaptational lag on some important contemporary scientific frameworks about the human mind, this article presents a brief comparative study of three cognitive acquisitions: (a) language, (b) written systems, (c) statistics and statistical reasoning. In the case of the human language faculty, the analysis is based on the theoretical framework developed by psychologist Michael Tomasello. In the case of the human capacity to write and read symbols, the analysis is based on the empirical and experimental work developed by neuroscientist Stanislas Dehaene. Finally, the analysis of the difficulties faced by the human mind in dealing with statistical reasoning is based on the «dual process theory» proposed by psychologists Daniel Kahneman and Amos Tversky. The present article argues that the major crises in the Anthropocene – the COVID-19 pandemic and the Climate Change are only two of them – will demand considerable reformation in the modern world epistemic institutions (universities, schools, and press media) to overcome the adaptational lag.
Tres ángulos de la educación en la pandemia
Authors: Santaella Lucia
Published: December 2022

Enfocado en los impactos causados por el COVID-19 en la educación, este artículo tiene como objetivo explorar cómo reaccionó cada uno de los principales agentes relacionados con los procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje en el contexto brasileño: la enseñanza, las mediaciones tecnológicas y, finalmente, los estudiantes. Para evitar cualquier tipo de retórica de encubrimiento, el artículo se basa en datos de investigación realizados por varias fuentes fiables.
Abyección y castigo del cuerpo femenino en el cine de Carlos Vermut
Authors: Morala Girón Alejandro
Published: December 2022

El presente artículo analiza la representación de los cuerpos femeninos en los tres primeros largometrajes del director Carlos Vermut: Diamond Flash (2011), Magical Girl (2014) y Quién te cantará (2018). Mediante una perspectiva interdisciplinar que conjuga la semiótica y la teoría fílmica feminista, abordamos las modalidades de identificación articuladas por la enunciación respecto de los personajes femeninos protagonistas. Recurriendo al análisis textual como metodología, nuestro estudio concluye que las mujeres del universo vermutiano están condenadas a experimentar una corporeidad abyecta, forzadas a escoger entre la reinvención identitaria o la muerte.
Pandemia y comunicación: análisis y perspectivas de un mundo distópico
Authors: Messias Adriano
Published: December 2022

Introducción al Dossier.
La invención de la lesbiana oscura en la ficción televisiva: crimen y narrativa en Cárcel de Mujeres
Authors:   Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile, Cabello Cristeva
Published: December 2022

La serie de televisión Cárcel de Mujeres (TVN, 2007-2008) constituye un caso paradigmático para comprender el paulatino proceso de incorporación de personajes no heterosexuales en la pantalla chilena durante el siglo XXI. Esta creación audiovisual, emitida en horario nocturno y con éxito de rating, incluyó el mayor el número de personajes lésbicos y bisexuales visibles en una ficción televisiva nacional hasta la actualidad. El objetivo de esta investigación consiste en sacar a la luz visiones inusuales de las corporalidades sexo-disidentes ocultadas en narrativas dominantes. Desde una perspectiva de análisis del lenguaje audiovisual este artículo describe los tipos de representaciones, tramas y relaciones sexo-afectivas en las que se ven involucradas diez personajes lesbianas, masculinas y femeninas, presentes en la ficción televisiva. La investigación devela los discursos lesbofóbicos que construyen una ficción que asocia estas mujeres disidentes sexuales a la criminalidad y la perversión sexual, a través de una estética que consolida la figura de la lesbiana oscura. El análisis crítico de estos personajes contribuye a construir un archivo de sexualidades queer desde una temporalidad local y sureada.
Oteiza y los años americanos : la trama Huidobro
Authors:   Universidad de Navarra, Insausti Gabriel
Published: December 2022

Jorge Oteiza (1908-2003) dio escasas pistas sobre su estancia en Argentina, Chile y Colombia entre 1935 y 1948. Este artículo desarrolla un análisis de la evolución de sus ideas estéticas a la luz de un cotejo de sus publicaciones de las décadas de 1940, 1950 y 1960 y la documentación personal del artista conservada en el archivo y la biblioteca de la Fundación Museo Jorge Oteiza (Alzuza, Navarra). Se presta especial atención a la relación de Oteiza con diversos artistas americanos y del exilio español, en un tejido en cuyo centro se encontraría en muchas ocasiones el poeta Vicente Huidobro. En particular, se analiza su encuentro con poetas como Pablo de Rokha, Pablo Neruda y Juan Larrea, así como su estudio del arte precolombino y su recepción del muralismo de David Alfaro Siqueiros y el constructivismo de Joaquín Torres García, que lo llevarían a proponer un cambio de paradigma cultural, en los albores de la posmodernidad, en diálogo con el indigenismo y el poscolonialismo.
Dos miradas al Museo desde sus procedimientos: heterotopía y aparato-dispositivo
Authors: Maire Gonzalo
Published: December 2022

El presente artículo de investigación, a partir de la tesis general que señala que no es posible construir una definición unívoca y universal del concepto de Museo, propone una examinación al fenómeno museal desde dos de sus procedimientos técnicos, en tanto que casos paradigmáticos. El primero es caracterizar el Museo como heterotopía, en la medida de un lugar que hace compatible lo heterogéneo, la discontinuidad y el fragmento del pasado a través de un ímpetu enciclopedista, esto es, la técnica de la taxonomía. El segundo caso es describir el Museo como aparato-dispositivo, desarrollando la diferencia y distancia entre el espacio museal como dispositivo, es decir, una red de asociación de elementos heterogéneos y que conforman una reglamentación, respecto de un problema histórico, y el aparato, una transformación en las condiciones de la percepción.
Religión y secularización como modos de dominación
Authors: Becker Lorca Martin
Published: December 2022

Este ensayo argumenta que la habitual dicotomía entre religión y secularización deviene ilusoria cuando la estudiamos desde Latinoamérica. Más que oposición, ambos conceptos aparecen como distintas versiones de dominación de la colonialidad, ésta última construida—según el filósofo puertorriqueño Nelson Maldonado-Torres—sobre una línea racial y según la lógica de la no-ética de la guerra. Además, siguiendo al pensador musulmán-español Abdennur Prado, constatamos la violencia epistemológica que conlleva el proyectar el concepto de religión a otras regiones no occidentales. Contrario al sentido común, la religión no es sucedida ni reemplazada por la secularización, sino que ambas se originan y constituyen mutuamente; una y otra nacen de una escisión propia de la sociedad europea, escisión que luego es extrapolada a través de estas categorías a otras realidades, encubriendo y domesticando modos distintos de habitar el mundo. Más que renunciar a la categoría de religión, sin embargo, buscamos promover una actitud reflexiva en el uso de las categorías que empleamos tanto para aprehender el fenómeno religioso, como para atisbar una religiosidad de liberación más allá de la colonialidad.
Relationship of Hearing Impairment in Patients with Lamivudine Therapy: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Belhekar Mahesh Namdeo , Joshi Kalpesh K
Published: December 2022

Introduction: Lifelong Antiretroviral Therapy (ARVT) in patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection damages cochlea. Hearing Loss (HL) has been reported with lamivudine therapy in both HIV and/or Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infections. Hence, the benefit of lamivudine therapy in individuals affected by these infections and risk of development of HL needs to be studied to make an adequate benefit-risk assessment. Aim: To evaluate the relationship of hearing impairment in patients treated with lamivudine and diagnosed with either HIV or HBV infection. Materials and Methods: The present study is a systematic review in which English-language publications that assessed HL in patients who are on lamivudine drug therapy were included. The types of studies included were: prospective studies, retrospective studies, case reports and case series. A comprehensive database search (PubMed, PubMed Central, Cochrane review, Google scholar and Embase) was conducted to identify the relevant literature published on HL and were searched for keywords related to lamivudine and HL- ‘lamivudine and hearing loss’, ‘lamivudine and deafness’, ‘lamivudine and hypoacusis’, ‘lamivudine and hearing impairment’ and ’lamivudine and ototoxicity’ for searching the data. The publications were independently reviewed and assessed for study quality and the data (title, author, year of publication, study design, study setting, population characteristics) extraction was done. Results: Out of 1,778 publications found at the initial stage, nine were included in the systematic review and quantitative metaanalysis. The majority (4/9) were cross-sectional studies. The prevalence of hearing impairment defined as per the protocol was 41% (total population 1,548). The I2 statistic was used to test statistical heterogeneity, with values of >50% representing important heterogeneity, then a random-effects model was used to perform the meta-analysis. A subgroup analysis was performed for the age group ≤18 years and >18 years. All analyses were conducted using the R software version 4.1.0. It was found that most of the studies (8/9) suffered moderateserious overall risk across all the domains of ROBINS-1 tool. Conclusion: This study showed a positive association of HL with lamivudine in patients with HIV infection.
Sinapis arvensis-Wild Mustard as an AntiSection inflammatory Agent: An In-vitro Study
Authors: Ashwini T , Elizabeth Arul Amutha , Aishwarya Sneha , Josephine I Glory , Brigida S , Srinivasan R
Published: December 2022

Introduction: Inflammation is body’s immune response to harmful stimulus. Commonly used conventional antiinflammatory agents are Non-Steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs). But on prolonged long-term use, it causes serious adverse events. So, the search towards natural agents which have anti-inflammatory property are increasing nowadays. Sinapis arvensis is an annual flowering plant which has proven multipurpose medicinal phytoconstituents. Aim: To evaluate in-vitro anti-inflammatory effects of flower extracts of Sinapis arvensis with diclofenac as standard. Materials and Methods: This in-vitro study assessed the laboratory based anti-inflammatory activity, performed using Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) assay in December 2021 at Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. BSA at pH of 6.8 generated denatured proteins. The anti-inflammatory activity of the sample (flower extracts of Sinapis arvensis) and standard (Diclofenac) was assessed by adding to BSA and percentage of inhibition of denaturation were calculated using the formula based on the absorbance measured. Descriptive statistics was used for analysis of collected data. Results: The concentration-dependent inhibition of protein denaturation was observed for both Sinapis arvensis and Diclofenac. At 100 µg concentration, percentage of inhibition reached up to 81.8% and 100% for Sinapis arvensis and Diclofenac, respectively. Conclusion: The present study showed that flower extracts of Sinapis arvensis exhibited concentration dependent antiinflammatory property invitro which proves to be nearly equivalent with that of the standard Diclofenac.
Oligopleiodontia with Impacted Permanent Canine: A Rare Entity with Multidisciplinary Management
Authors: Thimmegowda Umapathy , Nagarajshetty Praveen Malavalli , Kajapuram Premkishore , Neeraja R , Prabhakar Ashwini Chikkanayakanahalli
Published: December 2022

The congenitally missing tooth is elucidated as the one not erupted in the oral cavity, and also not eye-catching in a radiograph. The absence of one to six teeth is coined as hypodontia (excluding the third molars). Oliogodontia entitlement is used when more than six teeth are absent, and anodontia is the complete absence of teeth. Supernumerary teeth, also designated as hyperdontia, may happen in twain dentitions, unilaterally or bilaterally, and in both arches. The concurrent happening of tooth agenesis (hypodontia) and supernumerary or supplemental teeth (hyperdontia) in the same sole is one of the infrequent anomalies of number in human dentition. Hypohyperdontia may affect the primary and/or permanent dentition and may necessitate in both arches. The presence of this hypohyperdontia in the same piece of an arch is an even rarer occurrence. Various terms were used to designate this environment among them oligo-pleiodontia- ‘Oligos’ meaning few; ‘Pleion’ meaning more or extra in Greek. A new implementation of Computed Tomography (CT) that bring about three-dimensional (3D) data at lower cost and engross lower doses than conventional CT found in the practice of medical radiology is termed as Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT). They fit into most dental practices as they do not require more space. The present case report discusses a complete multidisciplinary management case of nonsyndromic oligopleiodontia in a 14-year-old female with missing bilateral permanent central incisors and supernumerary teeth with an impacted permanent canine.
Comparing Propofol-Ketamine and Propofol-Fentanyl as Procedural Sedation and Postoperative Analgesia for Total Intravenous Anaesthesia in Adult Patients Undergoing Short Surgical ProceduresA Randomised Clinical Study
Authors: Khatun Ayesha , Majumdar Saikat , Mitra Tapobrata , Sengupta Swapnadeep
Published: December 2022

Introduction: Total Intravenous Anaesthesia (TIVA), an immensely popular procedure of recent times is most often conducted using propofol as the main anaesthetic agent. Ketamine or fentanyl has also been regularly used to compliment with their analgesic action, which propofol lacks. Aim: To compare the induction characteristics, maintenance of anaesthesia, awakening and recovery characteristics while performing TIVA with either propofol-ketamine or propofol-fentanyl combinations. Materials and Methods: This randomised, single blinded study was conducted, from March 2020 to August 2021, in a tertiary care centre of Kolkata, India. Total of 76 patients of either sex, aged between 18-45 years with an American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status I and II, who were posted for short surgical procedures, with a duration of surgery less than 30 mins were equally divided into two groups. Group A received propofol ketamine (1:1), prepared by mixing 4 mL ketamine (50 mg/mL) with 20 mL of 1% Propofol (10 mL/kg), while group B received propofol-fentanyl solution (1:1) was prepared by mixing 4 mL (50 µg/mL) of fentanyl with 20 mL of 1% propofol (10 mg/mL). Induction was done with ketamine 10 mg/ kg+propofol 1 mg/kg in group A and fentanyl 1.5 µg/kg+propofol 1.5 mg/kg while maintenance of anaesthesia was achieved with continuous infusion of the prepared solutions for either group respectively at a rate of around 20 mL/hour or more, as per required to maintain the Ramsay Sedation Scale (RSS) score of 6. Intraoperative haemodynamic parameters, including respiratory rates, awakening time, recovery time and the possible the side effects were recorded at regular intervals. Student’s t-test was used for quantitative data and Chi-square test for qualitative data. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Patients of group B developed significantly more incidents of bradycardia (20 in group B and 3 in group A) and hypotension (28 in group B and 2 in group A). Respiratory depression was also significantly more in group B (p-value<0.005).However, recovery, awakening, VAS score and other side effect profiles were all comparable in the two groups. Conclusion: Propofol-ketamine provides equipotent analgesia with better haemodynamic control and minimal side effects in comparison to propofol-fentanyl while used in TIVA for adult patients undergoing short surgical procedures.
A Cadaveric Study of Variations of Renal Artery from Nashik, Maharashtra, India
Authors: Anturlikar Vaishali , Moolya Prashant , Bhusari Prashant , Satpute Sonali , Patil DhavaAVAl
Published: December 2022

Introduction: Renal vascular anatomy is well known in the literature about its variations. The data of cadaveric study performed by different authors in different populations is suggestive of variable nature of existence of renal artery variations. A thorough knowledge of accessory renal arteries is important for planning and performing endovascular, laparoscopic, urological and radiological procedures and renal transplants. Aim: To study the variations of renal arteries in cadavers and to compare it based on laterality, sex and symmetry in Nashik region, Maharashtra, India. Materials and Methods: The present cross-sectional study was conducted at SMBT Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Center, Dhamangaon, Nashik, Maharashtra, India, from May 2019 to June 2020 during routine abdominal dissection for medical undergraduate students. Total 25 cadavers (21 males and four females) were dissected to expose kidneys along with its arteries. The morphological variations (early branching renal artery and accessory renal artery) of renal arteries were noted and the data gathered were compared with respect to laterality, sex and symmetry. Statistical analysis was done using Chisquare test. Results: Out of 24 cadavers, six {5 (25%) males and 1 (25%) female} were found to have variations in renal arteries. The renal artery variations were present bilaterally in 2 (8.3%) cadavers. The variations in the renal artery were in the form of accessory renal artery in 6 (12.5%) kidneys and early branching renal artery in 2 (4.2%) kidneys. The variation based on sex were found in 5 (25%) males, while based on laterality were found in five (20.8%) right and three (12.5%) left kidneys. Conclusion: In the present study, 25% were found to have variations in renal arteries This finding will provide anatomical knowledge of variations in the renal arteries amongst the donor for kidney transplantation surgeries in the Nashik region of Maharashtra.
Prevalence of Oral Precancerous Lesions in Tobacco and Areca Nut Habituated Patients in Barpeta District, Assam, India: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Roy Debojyoti , Datta Balmiki , Pathak Bahnisikha
Published: December 2022

Introduction: Oral cancer has become one of the leading causes of death and disease globally as well as in India. Tobacco consumption is responsible for nearly half of all cancers in men and nearly one-fourth of cancers in women in India and more than two-third of oral cancers are directly attributable to tobacco use. Early detection of precancerous lesions and tobacco cessation activities, if conducted together can have high impact on reducing incidence of oral cancer. Aim: To study prevalence of oral precancerous lesions in tobacco and areca nut habituated patients in Barpeta district, Assam, India. Materials and Methods: The present observational, crosssectional, hospital-based study was conducted on Outpatient Department (OPD) patients of Dentistry Department of Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed Government Medical College. College, Barpeta, Assam, India, from June 2021 to June 2022. Patients with tobacco and areca nut chewing habits were selected as study participants. Total number of study participants were 404. Oral cavity screening was done to detect oral precancerous lesion. History of tobacco and areca nut chewing habits were recorded in terms of gender, age, form of tobacco, duration and frequency. Chi-square test was used for statistical analysis. Results: Prevalence of oral precancerous lesions in tobacco consuming patients was 3.46% in smoke form and 9.9% in smokeless form. Premalignant lesions had been seen predominantly in male. Among the premalignant lesions prevalence of oral leukoplakia was highest (22.27%) followed by erythroplakia (4.46%). Overall, prevalence of precancerous lesions in tobacco and areca nut habituated patient in the present study was 37.62%. The association between prevalence of oral precancerous lesion with frequency and duration of habits was statistically insignificant (χ2 =7.167, p-value=1.000). Conclusion: In the present study, prevalence of oral precancerous lesion in tobacco and areca nut consuming patients in Barpeta district was quite high. The findings from this present study can be used to design cohort study to further understand the relation between precancerous lesions in tobacco and areca nut habituated patients.
Efficacy of Three Different Photobiomodulation Therapies on Primary and Secondary Implant Stability in D3 and D4 Bone Type- A Research Protocol for Randomised Controlled Trial
Authors: Singhania Ashika , Borle Anjali Bhoyar , Sathe Seema
Published: December 2022

Introduction: Osseointegration is considered one of the most important deciding factors to check for implant stability, which decides successful outcome of the implant. Photobiomodulation has been used to improve the implant stability by enhancing osseointegration. Photobiomodulation (PBM) or Low-level Laser Therapy (LLLT) causes an enhanced effect in the bone implant contact. Need for the Study: There are no definitive therapies/protocol of LLLT in cases of bone density of D3 and D4. Also There are no studies in literature which compares the different laser settings so that a standardised setting can be established. Therefore, there is need to generate evidence whether reducing the number of appointments and reducing the amount of energy given in D3 and D4(compromised) bone can help achieve early loading in patients. Aim: To evaluate and compare the effect of three different photobiomodulation therapies on primary and secondary implant stability in D3 and D4 bone type in comparison to control group to achieve early loading. Materials and Methods: This randomized controlled, double blinded study allocated 108 patients having D3 or D4 bone according to Misch classification into six groups. Three different PBM therapy which is either Therapy A, B or C(placebo) will be used. The implant stability will be measured by Ostell meter in Implant Stability Quotients (ISQ) scale, immediately after surgery, after 3 weeks, after 12 weeks and after 6 months of surgery. The bone density will be measured before surgery and 3 months after surgery. Expected Outcome: At the end of the study, an evidence will be generated whether reducing the number of appointments and reducing the amount of energy given in D3 and D4(compromised) bone can help achieve early loading in patients. Patients treated using PBM therapy either protocol A or protocol B may show enhanced implant stability.
METODA WEKTOROWA DO ROZWIĄZYWANIA MECHANIKI LINII NAPOWIETRZNYCH
Authors: DYPA Justyna , BEŇA Ľubomír
Published: December 2022

Przewody odgrywają znaczącą rolę w systemie elektroenergetycznym, należy więc zadbać, aby nie ulegały awarii, charakteryzowały się trwałością i należycie pełniły swoją funkcję. Badanie wytrzymałości linii napowietrznych opiera się na obliczeniach mechanicznych. Dotychczas stosowano dwa rozwiązania analizujące parametry mechaniczne oraz położenie przewodu. Niestety powszechne metody charakteryzują cięgno jedynie w jednej płaszczyźnie. Dlatego niniejsza praca przedstawia inne rozwiązanie, w postaci metody wektorowej. Wspomniane podejście opiera się na określeniu odpowiednich wielkości wektorowych charakteryzujących przewód w postaci sił naciągu, obciążeń, położenia przęsła. Metoda wektorowa pozwala na określenie dokładnego położenia przewodu w przestrzeni podczas oddziaływania obciążeń w postaci oblodzenia o dowolnej grubości i charakterze oraz wiatru z dowolną prędkością i różnych kierunkach.
IDENTYFIKACJA I OGRANICZANIE PRZEPIĘĆ W CZASIE PRACY GENERATORA MARXA W OBWODACH ZASILAJĄCYCH UKŁADY POMIAROWE
Authors: HAJDER Sebastian
Published: December 2022

W artykule przedstawiono charakterystykę przepięć i badań wytrzymałości udarowej urządzeń, jak również omówiono środki ochrony przeciwprzepięciowej. Przeprowadzono analizę wykonanych pomiarów przepięć występujących w laboratorium wysokich napięć Politechniki Rzeszowskiej powodujących częste uszkodzenia sprzętu pomiarowego podczas pracy generatora Marxa. Dokonano identyfikacji charakteru przepięć oraz zaproponowano metody ich ograniczenia z wykorzystaniem warystorowych ograniczników przepięć oraz diod lawinowych typu transil. Do pomiarów wykorzystano oscyloskop cyfrowy o dużej rozdzielczości oraz wysokonapięciowe sondy różnicowe.
Comparative Study on Estimation of Carbon Content in Different Parts of Selected Bamboo Species
Authors: Deepika . , Reddy S. R. , Dixit Vidhu , Verma Shikhar , Yadav Praveen Kumar
Published: December 2022

Bamboos are a unique species in terms of their ecological impacts as well as their social and economic role in the livelihoods of people living in their vicinity. It has attracted the attention of researchers worldwide owing to its carbon sequestration ability and the potential of various bamboo species in this changing environment. In this research the biomass carbon storage of bamboo components were analyzed to estimate their respective carbon content in as well as in different components like culm, rhizome, leaves etc. Dendrocalamus asper stands out as the bamboo species which sequestered the maximum carbon (culm> rhizome> leaf) primarily due to its vast biomass content. The carbon content of D. asper was 87.52 tonnes of carbon per hectare. This was followed by B. balcooa with carbon content of 56.48 t C ha-1 with the least carbon content in B. vulgaris i.e., 33.92 t C ha-1. It points to the tremendous potential of bamboo in sequestering carbon but more research is desired to arrive at concrete results. Bamboo species have an inherent ability to grow in degraded lands which gives an additional advantage in promoting bamboo plantations as envisaged by National Bamboo Mission.
Diversity and Distribution of Medicinal Plants along Altitudinal Gradient in Temperate Himalayan Ecosystem
Authors: Peerzada Ishtiyak Ahmad , Masoodi T. H. , Gangoo S. A. , Sofi P. A. , Mushtaq Tahir , Pala Nazir A. , Malik A. R. , Jeelani Iqbal , Dar Masood Ahmad , Bilal Touyba , Mir Sayar , Boda Rouf , Wani Bilal , Malik A. H.
Published: December 2022

The present study was carried out to determine the floristic diversity and their distribution in Bangus valley of Langate Forest Division, District Kupwara (J&K) India. The aim of this study was to evaluate the distinction in diversity of medicinal plants at varying altitudes based on the onsite vegetation analysis. Hence, the phytosociological study was conducted to assess the floristic diversity of the region and the discussions were held with local people to ascertain the socio-economic importance of the plant diversity. The study reveals that majority of the medicinal plant species are mainly distributed between 2900 to 3200 meters altitude from this relatively unexplored valley. In all the sampled sites, around 51 plant species belonging to 24 families were recorded, among which 2 were tree, 3 shrub and 46 herb species. The tree vegetation was found to be dominated by Abies pindrow whereas Pinus wallichiana has very rare distribution in all the sampled sites. The shrub vegetation was dominated by Viburnum grandiflorum followed by Rosa brunonii and Berberis lycium respectively. In addition, around 80 plant species were reported to be used in different systems of traditional medicine. Therefore, the study provided first comprehensive baseline information on the distribution, diversity and use of plants in different traditional systems of medicine in Bangus valley of Kashmir. This baseline study can be effective for framing various conservation strategies of medicinal plants.
Oral Candidiasis in HIV Patients Subjected to Anti-retro Viral Therapy (ART) in Wad Medani HIV Center, Gezira State, Sudan (2021)
Authors: Mohammed Nesreen Nur Eldin , Ellatif Fatima Hassan Abd , Khalid K. E. , Omer Hajir M. H. , Ahmed Elhadi Abdalla , Nour Bakri Y. Mohamed
Published: December 2022

Background: Oral candidiasis is the most common fungal infection in immune compromised individuals such as AIDS patients. Candida albicans alone is responsible of more than 95% of candidiasis. The increase prevalence of oral candidiasis among African HIV infected people has resulted in increased in usage of antifungal agents for both prophylactic and treatment purposes.

This study aimed to detect oral candidiasis in HIV patients subjected to ART.

Methods: In Wad Medani HIV center, Central Sudan,  a  total of 100 participants were  enrolled,  oral  swabs   were  collected and processed immediately by  culturing on  potatoes  dextrose  agar  (PDA),  Candida  species were identified on the base of morphology, germ tube test  and chlamydospres formation and the participants were categorized according the WHO classification of viral stages into I, II, III and IV. Demographic data was obtained by questionnaire and analyzed by SPSS program version 21. IBM Chicago.

Results: Theresults obtained revealed that 55% (55/100) % were females while  45% (45/100) % were males with an age ranging from 31 to 41 years. Candida species was detected in 21% (21/100) of tested samples, and all olated candida showed positive germ tube test and produced beta hemolysis on blood agar while chlamydospores were observed among 85.7% (18/21) and recorded as Candida albicans.  Only18.75%  (3/16) of stages 1 subject showed viral  load of more than 40 copies/ml, while stage II,III and IV showed o %,  29.8% (17/57)  and  27.3(6/22) % respectively. Oral candidiasis recorded in   stages III and IV with percentage 57% (57/100) and 22% (22/100) respectively.

Conclusion: There was no significant association between HIV stages and viral load among participants with oral candidiasis (p. value 0.431). The study recommendation, early detection of HIV patients to ensure good management and continuous availability of  anti-retro viral drugs in AIDS  centers.
Evaluation of a Protocol for Diagnosis and Treatment of Primary Congenital Glaucoma in Tanta University Eye Hospital
Authors: Abbass Eman Salah , Elmaria Ahmed Fekry , Hasby Hisham Adel , Eid Tarek El-Mohammadi
Published: December 2022

Background: Primary congenital glaucoma is the most common type of glaucoma in infancy. It manifests within the first few years of life and is not associated with any other systemic or ocular abnormalities. This study aimed to evaluate a protocol for diagnosis and treatment of primary congenital glaucoma at Tanta University Eye Hospital.

Methods: The study was prospective interventional on 60 eyes of 36 infants and children who presented between December 2018 to March 2021 at Tanta University Eye Hospital in Egypt. All patients were presented with primary congenital glaucoma and were managed according to specific diagnostic, therapeutic and follow up regimen. Pre- and Post-operative clinical data were recorded, and results were studied.

Results: The mean of age±SD (range) at first presentation was 11.33±21.76 (0.5-120) months and of follow-up period was 7.85±2.71 (4-13) months. The mean of pre-operative IOP, corneal diameter, C/D ratio and AxL was 24.1±5.9 (12–41.5) mmHg, 12.97±0.69 (11–14.5) mm, 0.57±0.18 (0.2–0.9) and 21.87±1.28 (19.1–26.8) mm respectively, and post-operatively was 14.4±3.09 (8.5–20.5) mmHg, 12.71±0.89 (11–14.5) mm, 0.48±0.22 (0.2–1) and 22.16±1.53 (19–25.9) mm respectively. Surgical interventions included 1ry surgeries (trabeculotomy in 21 eyes and CTT with MMC in 39 eyes), 2ry surgeries (CTT with MMC in four eyes) and 3ry surgery (Ahmed valve implantation in one eye). Complete success was achieved in 38 eyes (63.3%) and qualified success in 22 eyes (36.7%).

Conclusions: The current protocol applied at Tanta University Eye Hospital for diagnosis and treatment of primary congenital glaucoma proved efficacy and safety. Primary surgical intervention in the form of trabeculotomy (for mild cases) and combined trabeculotomy-trabeculectomy with MMC (for moderate to advanced cases) is a successful regimen for management of these eyes.
Cost-Sharing Reform for Chronic Disease Treatments as a Strategy to Improve Health Care Equity and Value in the US
Authors: Essien Utibe R. , Lusk Jay B. , Dusetzina Stacie B.
Published: December 2022

This Viewpoint discusses cost-sharing reform for chronic disease treatments as a strategy to improve patient outcomes, promote health equity, and minimize long-term health care expenditures in the US.
Trends in Ransomware Attacks on US Hospitals, Clinics, and Other Health Care Delivery Organizations, 2016-2021
Authors: Neprash Hannah T. , McGlave Claire C. , Cross Dori A. , Virnig Beth A. , Puskarich Michael A. , Huling Jared D. , Rozenshtein Alan Z. , Nikpay Sayeh S.
Published: December 2022

Importance

Anecdotal evidence suggests that health care delivery organizations face a growing threat from ransomware attacks that are designed to disrupt care delivery and may consequently threaten patient outcomes.

Objective

To quantify the frequency and characteristics of ransomware attacks on health care delivery organizations.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cohort study used data from the Tracking Healthcare Ransomware Events and Traits database to examine the number and characteristics of ransomware attacks on health care delivery organizations from 2016 to 2021. Logistic and negative binomial regression quantified changes over time in the characteristics of ransomware attacks that affected health care delivery organizations.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Date of ransomware attack, public reporting of ransomware attacks, personal health information (PHI) exposure, status of encrypted/stolen data following the attack, type of health care delivery organization affected, and operational disruption during the ransomware attack.

Results

From January 2016 to December 2021, 374 ransomware attacks on US health care delivery organizations exposed the PHI of nearly 42 million patients. From 2016 to 2021, the annual number of ransomware attacks more than doubled from 43 to 91. Almost half (166 [44.4%]) of ransomware attacks disrupted the delivery of health care, with common disruptions including electronic system downtime (156 [41.7%]), cancellations of scheduled care (38 [10.2%]), and ambulance diversion (16 [4.3%]). From 2016 to 2021, ransomware attacks on health care delivery organizations increasingly affected large organizations with multiple facilities (annual marginal effect [ME], 0.08; 95% CI, 0.05-0.10; P < .001), exposed the PHI of more patients (ME, 66 385.8; 95% CI, 3400.5-129 371.2; P = .04), were less likely to be restored from data backups (ME, −0.04; 95% CI, −0.06 to −0.01; P = .002), were more likely to exceed mandatory reporting timelines (ME, 0.06; 95% CI, 0.03-0.08; P < .001), and increasingly were associated with delays or cancellations of scheduled care (ME, 0.02; 95% CI, 0-0.05; P = .02).

Conclusions and Relevance

This cohort study of ransomware attacks documented growth in their frequency and sophistication. Ransomware attacks disrupt care delivery and jeopardize information integrity. Current monitoring/reporting efforts provide limited information and could be expanded to potentially yield a more complete view of how this growing form of cybercrime affects the delivery of health care.
Beneficiary Switching Between Traditional Medicare and Medicare Advantage Between 2016 and 2020
Authors: Unuigbe Aig , Cintina Inna , Koenig Lane
Published: December 2022

This cohort study examines switching behavior in enrollment in Medicare Advantage and traditional Medicare.
Development and Validation of the Perceptions of Research Trustworthiness Scale to Measure Trust Among Minoritized Racial and Ethnic Groups in Biomedical Research in the US
Authors: Stallings Sarah C. , Cunningham-Erves Jennifer , Frazier Carleigh , Ichimura Jabári S. , Hurd Thelma C. , Jurinsky Jordan , Acquaye Amber , Dalton Jacquelyn S. , Wilkins Consuelo H.
Published: December 2022

Importance

Historically, trust in biomedical research has been lower among minoritized racial and ethnic groups who are underrepresented in and excluded from research, with the same groups experiencing worse health outcomes. Unfortunately, instruments that measure trust may not capture components of trust relevant to minoritized racial and ethnic groups.

Objective

To develop and validate a scale to measure trust in biomedical research among minoritized racial and ethnic groups.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cross-sectional, community-based survey study compared trust and distrust in biomedical research among Black, Latino, and White subgroups in the US using the Perceptions of Research Trustworthiness (PoRT) scale. The scale was developed between March 22, 2016, and September 19, 2018, as part of this study, and its structure, reliability, and validity were examined during pilot (n = 381) and validation (n = 532) phases between February 4, 2019, and July 27, 2021. Convenience samples of adult participants (aged ≥18 years) were recruited locally (Nashville, Tennessee, and San Antonio, Texas) and nationally through the ResearchMatch and Cint online platforms.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Overall and individual item Trust and Distrust subscale scores were compared. Overall Trust and Distrust scores were compared by race and ethnicity using a Kruskal-Wallis H test and individual item scores were compared using independent samples t test.

Results

Of the 532 participants in the scale validation study, 144 (27.1%) were Black, 90 (16.9%) were Latino, and 282 (53.0%) were White. Participants had a median age of 43 years (range, 18-90 years), 352 (66.2%) were women, and 198 (37.2%) had educational attainment levels less than a college degree. Factor analysis of the 18-item PoRT scale revealed a 2-factor structure with two 9-item PoRT subscales (Trust and Distrust), which demonstrated high internal consistency (Cronbach α = 0.72 and 0.87, respectively). Mean (SD) Trust subscale scores were lower among Black (34.33 [2.02]) and Latino (34.55 [1.97]) participants compared with White participants (36.32 [1.81]; P < .001). Mean (SD) Distrust subscale scores were higher among Black (21.0 [2.15]) and Latino (20.53 [2.21]) participants compared with White participants (18.4 [2.03]; P < .001). Individual item results showed that Black and Latino participants were less trusting and more distrusting than White individuals on items related to risks, harms, secrecy, confidentiality, and privacy.

Conclusions and Relevance

These findings suggest that the PoRT scale incorporates trust and trustworthiness concepts relevant among Black and Latino individuals and may allow more precise assessment of trust in research among these groups.