bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Relationship Between the Entrepreneurship Characteristics and Metacognitive Awareness Levels of Pre-service Teachers
Authors: Duman Burcu
Published: April 2018

The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between the entrepreneurship characteristics and metacognitive awareness levels of pre-service teachers. Qualitative research method is used in this study and the study is designed as a relational survey. The sample of the study was 441 pre-service teachers studying at the faculty of education of a public university in Turkey during the spring semester in 2015-2016 academic year. Random sampling was used to determine the sample group. The instruments used to collect the data in the study were “Metacognitive Awareness Scale for Pre-service Teachers (MASP)” developed by Duman (2013) and “Entrepreneurship Scale for University Students (ESUS)” developed by Yılmaz and Sünbül (2009). SPSS-22 package program was used to analyze the collected data. In determining the relationships between the scores from MASP and ESUS scales, pearson product-moment correlation analysis was conducted. In determining MASP’s prediction of the scores from the ESUS scale multiple linear regression analysis was used. The results indicated a positive relationship at medium level between entrepreneurship characteristics and metacognitive awareness levels of pre-service teachers (r=.565 p<0.01). In addition, there are significant positive relationships between entrepreneurship characteristics and all sub-scales of MASP. It was found that the metacognitive awareness levels of pre-service teachers predicted their entrepreneurship characteristics at a rate of 43%. It is possible to say that activities towards improving metacognitive awareness could have positive impacts on entrepreneurship.
Low-temperature, plasma assisted, cyclic synthesis of MoS2
Authors: Perini Christopher J. , Muller Michael J. , Wagner Brent K. , Vogel Eric M.
Published: April 2018

Thin film reaction based synthesis techniques are promising for large area, uniform two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) layers such as MoS2. In this work, the impact of the initial molybdenum film composition (metallic versus oxidized) is explored. Alternating steps of Mo sputtering and H2S soaks are used in conjunction with plasma assisted synthesis techniques to synthesize films at low temperatures. Raman, photoluminescence, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy are used to physically characterize the films' atomic structure, stoichiometry, and topography, while devices were fabricated to characterize their electronic properties. MoS2 synthesized from metallic Mo films were found to exhibit better atomic and electronic structure than MoS2 synthesized from MoOx films. Additionally, slowing the rate of synthesis by segmenting growth into repeating cycles resulted in much higher film quality. To understand the impact of atomic structure and stoichiometry on device performance, films synthesized at low temperature were exposed to various high temperature annealing conditions to induce changes in film structure and composition. Physical and electrical characterization reveal that stoichiometry has a significantly weaker influence on electronic performance than grain size and atomic structure. These results provide valuable information on the optimization of low temperature thin film reactions for TMD syntheses.
VqsA, a Novel LysR-Type Transcriptional Regulator, Coordinates Quorum Sensing (QS) and Is Controlled by QS To Regulate Virulence in the Pathogen Vibrio alginolyticus
Authors: Gao Xiating , Wang Xuetong , Mao Qiaoqiao , Xu Rongjing , Zhou Xiaohui , Ma Yue , Liu Qin , Zhang Yuanxing , Wang Qiyao
Published: April 2018

The quorum sensing (QS) system controls bacterial group behaviors in response to cell density. In vibrios, LuxR and AphA are two master QS regulators (MQSRs) controlling gene expression in response to high or low cell density. Other regulators involved in the regulation of these two MQSRs and QS pathways remain to be determined. Here, we performed bacterial one-hybrid (B1H)-assay-based screens of transcriptional factors (TFs) to identify TFs that can directly regulate the expression of
luxR
and
aphA
from a library of 285 TFs encoded by the fish pathogen
Vibrio alginolyticus
. A total of 7 TFs were identified to bind to the promoters of both
luxR
and
aphA
. Among these TFs, the novel LysR-type transcriptional regulator (LTTR) VqsA could activate LuxR and repress AphA transcription. Meanwhile, LuxR and AphA exerted feedback inhibition and activation of
vqsA
expression, respectively, indicating that VqsA coordinates QS and is also regulated by QS. In addition, VqsA inhibited its own expression by directly binding to its own promoter region. The VqsA-binding sites in the promoter regions of
luxR
and
aphA
as well as the binding sites of LuxR, AphA, and VqsA in the
vqsA
gene were uncovered by electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSAs) and DNase I footprinting analysis. Finally, VqsA was verified to play essential roles in QS-regulated phenotypes, i.e., type VI secretion system 2 (T6SS2)-dependent interbacterial competition, biofilm formation, exotoxin production, and
in vivo
virulence of
V. alginolyticus
. Collectively, our data showed that VqsA is an important QS regulator in
V. alginolyticus
.

IMPORTANCE
Investigation of the mechanism of regulation of quorum sensing (QS) systems will facilitate an understanding of bacterial pathogenesis and the identification of effective QS interference (QSI) targets. Here, we systematically screened transcriptional factors (TFs) that modulate the expression of the master QS regulators (MQSRs) LuxR and AphA, and a novel LysR-type transcriptional regulator, VqsA, was identified. Our data illuminated the mechanisms mediating the interaction among LuxR, AphA, and VqsA as well as the effects of these regulators on the expression and output of QS. The impaired expression of virulence genes as a result of
vqsA
disruption demonstrated that VqsA is an important player in QS regulation and pathogenesis and may be the third MQSR involved in sensing environmental signals by vibrios to coordinate QS responses. This study will facilitate the development of strategies to interfere with QS and effectively control this pathogen that plagues the aquaculture industry.
JC Polyomavirus: Let's Please Respect Privacy
Authors: Imperiale Michael J.
Published: April 2018

JC polyomavirus was discovered in 1971, and its name was derived from the initials of the individual from whose brain tissue it was isolated. While most scientists refer to the virus properly, i.e., calling it JCV or JCPyV, there is a small but palpable number of scientists who refer to the virus by the full name of the patient from whom it was isolated. This practice should stop.
Viral Characteristics Associated with the Clinical Nonprogressor Phenotype Are Inherited by Viruses from a Cluster of HIV-1 Elite Controllers
Authors: Casado Concepción , Marrero-Hernández Sara , Márquez-Arce Daniel , Pernas María , Marfil Sílvia , Borràs-Grañana Ferran , Olivares Isabel , Cabrera-Rodríguez Romina , Valera María-Soledad , de Armas-Rillo Laura , Lemey Philippe , Blanco Julià , Valenzuela-Fernández Agustín , Lopez-Galíndez Cecilio
Published: April 2018

A small group of HIV-1-infected individuals, called long-term nonprogressors (LTNPs), and in particular a subgroup of LTNPs, elite controllers (LTNP-ECs), display permanent control of viral replication and lack of clinical progression. This control is the result of a complex interaction of host, immune, and viral factors. We identified, by phylogenetic analysis, a cluster of LTNP-ECs infected with very similar low-replication HIV-1 viruses, suggesting the contribution of common viral features to the clinical LTNP-EC phenotype. HIV-1 envelope (Env) glycoprotein mediates signaling and promotes HIV-1 fusion, entry, and infection, being a key factor of viral fitness
in vitro
, cytopathicity, and infection progression
in vivo
. Therefore, we isolated full-length
env
genes from viruses of these patients and from chronically infected control individuals. Functional characterization of the initial events of the viral infection showed that Envs from the LTNP-ECs were ineffective in the binding to CD4 and in the key triggering of actin/tubulin-cytoskeleton modifications compared to Envs from chronic patients. The viral properties of the cluster viruses result in a defective viral fusion, entry, and infection, and these properties were inherited by every virus of the cluster. Therefore, inefficient HIV-1 Env functions and signaling defects may contribute to the low viral replication capacity and transmissibility of the cluster viruses, suggesting a direct role in the LTNP-EC phenotype of these individuals. These results highlight the important role of viral characteristics in the LTNP-EC clinical phenotype. These Env viral properties were common to all the cluster viruses and thus support the heritability of the viral characteristics.

IMPORTANCE
HIV-1 long-term nonprogressor elite controller patients, due to their permanent control of viral replication, have been the object of numerous studies to identify the factors responsible for this clinical phenotype. In this work, we analyzed the viral characteristics of the envelopes of viruses from a phylogenetic cluster of LTNP-EC patients. These envelopes showed ineffective binding to CD4 and the subsequent signaling activity to modify actin/tubulin cytoskeletons, which result in low fusion and deficient entry and infection capacities. These Env viral characteristics could explain the nonprogressor clinical phenotype of these patients. In addition, these inefficient
env
viral properties were present in all viruses of the cluster, supporting the heritability of the viral phenotype.
Engineering Complexity in Bacterial Regulatory Circuits for Biotechnological Applications
Authors: Westmann Cauã Antunes , Guazzaroni María-Eugenia , Silva-Rocha Rafael
Published: April 2018

Engineering microbial systems allows the generation of new technologies having significant impact in the biotechnological industry and on human health. In the past few years, several synthetic biology approaches have been implemented in bacteria to allow precise engineering of novel regulatory circuits for several applications.
Hologenomics: Systems-Level Host Biology
Authors: Theis Kevin R.
Published: April 2018

The hologenome concept of evolution is a hypothesis explaining host evolution in the context of the host microbiomes. As a hypothesis, it needs to be evaluated, especially with respect to the extent of fidelity of transgenerational coassociation of host and microbial lineages and the relative fitness consequences of repeated associations within natural holobiont populations.
Association of antenatal steroid and risk of retinopathy of prematurity: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Yim Cheuk-Ling , Tam Matthew , Chan Hiu-Lam , Tang Shu-Min , Au Sunny C L , Yip Wilson W K , Ko Simon T C , Rong Shi Song , Chen Li Jia , Ng Danny Siu-Chun , Yam Jason C S
Published: April 2018

Background

Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is one of the leading causes of childhood blindness. Use of antenatal steroid can reduce neonatal morbidity and mortality in preterm births, but its effect on ROP remained controversial. We aim to determine the association between antenatal steroid and risk of ROP by a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Methods

Reported studies on the association between antenatal steroid and risk of ROP or severe ROP were identified from MEDLINE and Embase databases from their inception to November 2016. Outcome measures were ORs with 95% CIs. Extracted data were pooled using a random-effect model or fixed-effect model where appropriate. Heterogeneity was assessed, and sensitivity analysis was performed.

Results

A total of 434 relevant studies were identified, and 28 studies were eligible for the meta-analysis, involving 20 731 neonates with 4202 cases of ROP. Among the 28 studies included, 13 studies provided data evaluating the association between antenatal steroid use and severe ROP, involving 4999 neonates with 792 cases of severe ROP. Antenatal steroid administration was associated with a reduced risk of ROP development (ORunadjusted=0.82, 95% CI 0.68 to 0.98; ORadjusted=0.67, 95% CI 0.47 to 0.94) and progression to severe ROP (ORunadjusted=0.58, 95% CI 0.40 to 0.86).

Conclusion

Antenatal steroid administration is associated with a reduced risk of ROP development and progression to severe ROP. Our results strengthened the indications of antenatal steroid therapy to high-risk mothers giving preterm births, especially in low-income and middle-income countries where antenatal steroid are not yet widely used.
Long-term reconstruction of foveal microstructure and visual acuity after idiopathic macular hole repair: three-year follow-up study
Authors: Kitao Masahiro , Wakabayashi Taku , Nishida Kentaro , Sakaguchi Hirokazu , Nishida Kohji
Published: April 2018

Aims

To evaluate long-term reconstructive changes in foveal microstructures and their associations with visual improvement in eyes with surgically closed macular holes (MHs).

Methods

Twenty-eight eyes of 28 patients who underwent successful idiopathic MH repair were retrospectively studied. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography images were examined preoperatively and 1, 3, 6, 12, 24 and 36 months postoperatively. Correlations between postoperative BCVA and parameters relating to the reconstruction of the foveal photoreceptor layer including the external limiting membrane (ELM), ellipsoid zone (EZ) and cone interdigitation zone (CIZ) as well as changes in glial cells were evaluated.

Results

Logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution BCVA improved continuously during 3-year follow-up (baseline 0.70±0.27, 1 month 0.36±0.34, 3 months 0.29±0.30, 6 months 0.22±0.24, 12 months 0.18±0.25, 24 months 0.14±0.22, 36 months 0.10±0.19) (p=0.015). Continuous reconstruction of the foveal microstructure was apparent throughout the 3-year follow-up. The reconstruction process was initiated by glial proliferation, followed by ELM bridging, glial elimination with EZ reconstruction and CIZ reconstruction. Better BCVA at the 3-year time-point was significantly associated with early ELM bridging, early glial disappearance and photoreceptor integrity defined as complete reconstruction of the ELM, EZ and CIZ.

Conclusions

Integrity of the photoreceptor layer was correlated with better long-term visual outcomes after MH repair. Reconstruction of the foveal ELM and disappearance of glial proliferation in the early postoperative period predicted better visual recovery.
Inter-relationship between ageing, body mass index, diabetes, systemic blood pressure and intraocular pressure in Asians: 6-year longitudinal study
Authors: Chua Jacqueline , Chee Miao Li , Chin Calvin Woon Loong , Tham Yih Chung , Tan Nicholas , Lim Sing Hui , Aung Tin , Cheng Ching-Yu , Wong Tien Yin , Schmetterer Leopold
Published: April 2018

Background

To investigate the biological effect of ageing on intraocular pressure (IOP) and risk factors in a population-based cohort study of Malay and Indian adults.

Methods

Participants aged 40–80 years were recruited for baseline and 6-year follow-up visits between 2004–2009 and 2010–2015, respectively. Blood pressure (BP) was measured with an automatic BP monitor and IOP were obtained by Goldmann applanation tonometry. Main outcome was change in IOP, defined as the difference between the 6-year IOP and the baseline IOP. Linear regression models were used to investigate the association of changes in IOP with risk factors.

Results

 Participants without a history of glaucoma or cataract surgery at baseline were included (n = 3188; mean age: 54±9 years) . Their average IOP was reduced (−0.5±3.1 mm Hg), except for those who developed hypertension at follow-up (0.0±3.1 mm Hg). After adjusting for covariates, changes in IOP were negatively associated with age (β=−0.07, 95% CI −0.13 to −0.01) and positively associated with body mass index, diabetes, hypertension (normotensive as reference group; newly developed hypertensive (β=0.67, 95% CI 0.39 to 0.95) and chronic hypertensive (β=0.46, 95% CI 0.22 to 0.70)), baseline systolic BP (SBP) (β=0.20, 95% CI 0.14 to 0.26) and diastolic BP (DBP) (β=0.33, 95% CI 0.22 to 0.44), as well as with 6-year increases in SBP (β=0.27, 95% CI 0.21 to 0.33) and DBP (β=0.52, 95% CI 0.41 to 0.63).

Conclusions

Normal ageing and reduced systemic BP are associated with reduced IOP in Malay and Indian adults. Given that high IOP is a risk factor for glaucoma, our finding highlights the importance of controlling hypertension in older adults, where hypertension and glaucoma incidences are on a rise.
Effect of Tai Chi for the prevention or treatment of osteoporosis in elderly adults: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Mu Wei-qiang , Huang Xia-yu , Zhang Jiang , Liu Xiao-cong , Huang Mao-mao
Published: April 2018

Introduction

Osteoporosis (OP) has been defined as a degenerative bone disease characterised by low bone mass and microstructural deterioration of bone tissue, leading to fragility and an increased risk of fractures, especially of the hip, spine and wrist. Exercise has been shown to benefit the maintenance of bone health and improvement of muscle strength, balance and coordination, thereby reducing the risk of falls and fractures. However, prior findings regarding the optimal types and regimens of exercise for treating low bone mineral density (BMD) in elderly people are not consistent. As an important component of traditional Chinese Qigong exercises, Tai Chi (TC) is an ancient art and science of healthcare derived from the martial arts. The objective of this study is to attempt to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of the existing studies on TC exercise as an intervention for the prevention or treatment of OP in elderly adults and to draw more useful conclusions regarding the safety and the effectiveness of TC in preventing or treating OP.

Methods and analysis

Eight electronic databases (Science Citation Index, PubMed Database, Embase (Ovid) Database, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Chinese databases, including Chinese BioMedical Database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang database and the Chongqing VIP Chinese Science and Technology Periodical Database) will be searched from the beginning of each database to 1 April 2018. Potential outcomes of interest will include rates of fractures or falls, BMD at the total hip and the total spine, bone formation biomarkers, bone resorption biomarkers, bone biomarkers, health-related quality of life and adverse events. Only randomised controlled trials comparing TC exercise against each other or non-intervention will be included. The Cochrane risk of bias assessment tool will be used for quality assessment.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethical approval is not required as the study will be a review of existing studies. This review may help to elucidate whether TC exercise is effective for the prevention or treatment of OP in elderly adults. The findings of the study will be published in a peer-reviewed publication and will be disseminated electronically or in print. We will share the findings in the fourth quarter of 2018.

Trial registration number

CRD42018084950.
Protocol for development and validation of a context-appropriate tool for assessing organisational readiness for change in primary health clinics in South Africa
Authors: Brooke-Sumner Carrie , Sorsdahl Katherine , Lombard Carl , Petersen-Williams Petal , Myers Bronwyn
Published: April 2018

Introduction

A large treatment gap for common mental disorders (such as depression) exists in South Africa. Comorbidity with other chronic diseases, including HIV and diseases of lifestyle, is an increasing public health concern globally. Currently, primary health facilities as points of care for those with chronic disease provide limited services for common mental disorders. Assessing organisational readiness for change (ORC) towards adopting health innovations (such as mental health services) using contextually appropriate measures is needed to facilitate implementation of these services. This study aims to investigate the validity of the Texas Christian University Organisational Readiness for Change (TCU-ORC) scale in the South African context. Subsequently, we will develop a shortened version of this scale. This study is nested within Project MIND, a multiyear randomised controlled trial that is testing two different approaches for integrating counselling for common mental disorders into chronic disease care. Although the modified, contextually appropriate ORC measure resulting from the proposed study will be developed in the context of integrating mental health into primary healthcare services, the potential for the tool to be generalised to further understanding barriers to any change being implemented in primary care settings is high.

Methods and analysis

We will establish internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha coefficients), test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient) and construct validity of the long-form TCU-ORC questionnaire. Survey data will be collected from 288 clinical, management and operational staff from 24 primary health facilities where the Project MIND trial is implemented. A modified Delphi approach will assess the content validity of the TCU-ORC items and identify areas for potential adaptation and item reduction.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethical approval has been granted by the South African Medical Research Council (Protocol ID EC004-2-2015, amendment of 20 August 2017). Results will be submitted to peer-reviewed journals relevant to implementation and health systems strengthening.
Path of least resistance: how computerised provider order entry can lead to (and reduce) wasteful practices
Authors: Choi Joseph , Atlin Cori Rebecca
Published: April 2018

Background

Computerised provider order entry (CPOE) is rapidly becoming the mainstay in clinical care and has the potential to improve provider efficiency and accuracy. However, this hinges on careful planning and implementation. Poorly planned CPOE order sets can lead to undetected errors and waste. In our emergency department (ED), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was bundled into various blood work panels but had little clinical value.

Objectives

This quality improvement initiative aimed to reduce unnecessary LDH testing in the ED.

Methods

A group of ED physicians reviewed CPOE blood work panels and uncoupled LDH in conditions where it was deemed not to provide any clinically useful information. We measured the daily number of LDH tests performed before and after its removal. We tracked the frequency of other serum tests as controls. We also analysed the number of add-on LDH (ie, to add LDH to samples already sent to the lab) as a balancing measure, since this can disrupt work flow and delay care.

Results

Through this intervention, we reduced the number of LDH tests performed by 69%, from an average of 75.1 tests per day to 23.2 (P<0.0005). The baseline controls did not differ after the intervention (eg, a complete blood count was performed 197.7 and 196.1 times per day preintervention and postintervention, respectively (P=0.7663)). There was less than one add-on LDH per day on average.

Conclusions

CPOE care templates can be powerful in shaping behaviours and reducing variability. However, close oversight of these panels is necessary to prevent errors and waste.
Study on the Influence of Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension on Neonatal Birth Weight
Authors: Lei Fangliang , Liu Danmeng , Shen Yuan , Zhang Lili , Li Shanshan , Liu Xin , Shi Guoshuai , Li Jiamei , Zhao Yaling , Kang Yijun , Dang Shaonong , Yan Hong
Published: April 2018

To explore the effect of pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) on neonatal birth weight and provide the necessary reference value for the maternal and children health service. A cross-sectional study was carried out in Shaanxi Province of China in 2013. And a total of 28 045 singleton live infants and their mothers were recruited using a stratified, multistage, probability-proportional-to-size sampling method. Among the 28 045 women of childbearing age surveyed, multiple linear regression and quantile regression analysis all showed that the birth weight of newborns whose mothers had suffered from PIH during pregnancy was significantly lower than those whose mothers had not suffered from PIH during pregnancy from very low to higher birth weight percentiles (q=0–0.85), an average decrease of 137.45 g (β=−137.45, t=−5.77 and p<0.001). When birth weight was at q=0.90–1.00 percentiles, there was no birth weight difference between two groups. The present cross-sectional study indicated that PIH had an effect of on neonatal birth weight. When pregnant women with PIH are identified then the healthcare professional initiates a closer supervision of their pregnancy in order to ameliorate the status of BP and provide a good intrauterine environment for the fetus. In addition, the gynecologists should admonish the pregnant women that their health is related to the health of their fetus, then gravidas may be more engaged to alert their physician and accept early or preventative interventions. And the healthcare professional should ask and be alert to the issues of hypertension during pregnancy.
Changes in collegiate ice hockey player anthropometrics and aerobic fitness over 3 decades
Authors: Triplett Ashley N. , Ebbing Amy C. , Green Matthew R. , Connolly Christopher P. , Carrier David P. , Pivarnik James M.
Published: April 2018

Over the past several decades, an increased emphasis on fitness training has emerged among collegiate ice hockey teams, with the objective of improving on-ice performance. However, it is unknown if this increase in training has translated over time into changes in the anthropometric and fitness profiles of collegiate ice hockey players. The purposes of this study were to describe anthropometric (height, weight, body mass index (BMI), percent body fat (%fat)) and aerobic fitness (peak oxygen consumption) characteristics of collegiate ice hockey players over a period of 36 years and to evaluate whether these characteristics differ among player positions. Anthropometric and physiologic data were obtained through preseason fitness testing of players (N = 279) from a National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I men’s ice hockey team from the years 1980 through 2015. Changes over time in the anthropometric and physiologic variables were evaluated via regression analysis using linear and polynomial models, and differences among player positions were compared via ANOVA (p < 0.05). Regression analysis revealed that a cubic model best predicted changes in mean height (R2 = 0.65), weight (R2 = 0.77), and BMI (R2 = 0.57), whereas a quadratic model best fit change in %fat by year (R2 = 0.30). Little change was observed over time in the anthropometric characteristics. Defensemen were significantly taller than forwards (184.7 ± 12.1 vs. 181.3 ± 5.9 cm) (p = 0.007), and forwards had a higher relative peak oxygen consumption compared with defensemen (58.7 ± 4.7 vs. 57.2 ± 4.4 mL·kg−1·min−1) (p = 0.032). No significant differences were observed in %fat or weight by position. Although average player heights and weights fluctuated over time, increased emphasis on fitness training did not affect the athletes’ relative aerobic fitness. Differences in height and aerobic fitness levels were observed among player positions.
Reduced sea ice protection period increases storm exposure in Kivalina, Alaska
Authors: Fang Zhanpei , Freeman Patrick T. , Field Christopher B. , Mach Katharine J.
Published: April 2018

On Arctic coasts, erosion is limited by the presence of nearshore sea ice, which creates a protective barrier from storms. In Kivalina, an Alaskan Inupiaq Inuit community, decreasing seasonal sea ice extent and a lengthening of the open-water season may be resulting in fall storms that (1) generate higher, longer, and more destructive waves and (2) cause damage later in the year, resulting in increased flooding and erosion. We assess trends in the duration of nearshore sea ice and their relationship with storm occurrence over the period 1979–2015 in Kivalina. Analysis of passive microwave sea ice concentration data indicates that the open-water season has increased by 5.6 ± 1.2 days/decade over the last 37 years, with moderate evidence that it is extending further into the fall than into the spring. This is correlated with an increased reporting frequency of high-damage storms; 80% of reported storms since 1970 occurred in the last 15 years. Each high-damage storm event occurred during the open-water season for that year. Our findings support Kivalina villagers’ assertions that climate change increases storm exposure and associated damages from flooding and erosion.
Exosomal proteomic analysis reveals changes in the urinary proteome of rats with unilateral ureteral obstruction
Authors: Orton Dennis J. , Doucette Alan A. , Huang Weei-Yuarn , MacLellan Dawn L.
Published: April 2018

Congenital urinary tract obstruction (UTO) is a commonly noted disorder with the potential to cause permanent loss of renal function. Due to the possibility of spontaneous resolution, postnatal management strategies require lengthy and invasive surveillance methods to monitor the status of renal function and severity of obstruction. Here, a quantitative proteome analysis of urinary exosomes from weanling rats with surgically introduced UTO identifies a number of candidate biomarkers with the potential to improve diagnostic and prognostic methods for this disease. Using gel-assisted digestion coupled to liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS), 318 proteins were identified. Relative protein quantitation by spectral counting showed 190 proteins with significant changes in abundance due to either partial or complete obstruction. Numerous proteins identified here have been shown to be similarly altered in abundance in other renal diseases that cause tubule apoptosis and interstitial fibrosis. Extrapolating the role of the proteins showing quantifiable changes in abundance here from other forms of renal disease suggests they have potential for clinical applicability as biomarkers of congenital UTO. Included in the list of identified proteins are markers of apoptosis, oxidative stress, fibrosis, inflammation, and tubular cell damage, which are commonly associated with UTO. This study therefore provides a number of candidate biomarkers that, following validation in children experiencing UTO, have the potential to improve postnatal management of this disease.
Impact of vessel traffic on the home ranges and movement of shorthorn sculpin (Myoxocephalus scorpius) in the nearshore environment of the high Arctic
Authors: Ivanova Silviya V. , Kessel Steven T. , Landry Justin , O’Neill Caitlin , McLean Montana F. , Espinoza Mario , Vagle Svein , Hussey Nigel E. , Fisk Aaron T.
Published: April 2018

Sea ice reduction in the Arctic is allowing for increased vessel traffic and activity. Vessel noise is a known anthropogenic disturbance, but its effects on Arctic fish are largely unknown. Using acoustic telemetry — Vemco positioning system — we quantified the home ranges and fine-scale movement types (MT) of shorthorn sculpin (Myoxocephalus scorpius), a common benthic Arctic fish, in response to vessels and environmental drivers during open water over 3 years (2012–2014). Low overlap of core home ranges (50%) for all years and a change of overall MT proportions (significant in 2012 only) were observed when vessels were present compared with absent. However, changes in MTs associated with vessel presence were not consistent between years. Photoperiod was the only environmental driver that influenced (R2 = 0.32) MTs of sculpin. This is the first study of vessel impacts on Arctic fish using acoustic telemetry and demonstrates that individuals alter their behavior and home ranges when vessels are present. Given increasing vessel traffic in the Arctic, additional study on the impact of vessels on these ecosystems is warranted.
Influence of baffles on upstream passage of brook trout and brown trout in an experimental box culvert
Authors: Duguay Jason M. , Lacey R.W. Jay , Castro-Santos Theodore
Published: April 2018

There is much to learn about improving baffle designs to increase successful fish passage through culverts. A fish’s motivation to attempt entry into the culvert is essential. Upon entry, successful passage will largely depend on the physiological ability of the fish to navigate the entire culvert length. In this study, the motivation of brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis (Mitchill, 1814)) and brown trout (Salmo trutta Linnaeus, 1758) to attempt ascent of an experimental flume, which mimics a roadway culvert left bare (smooth) or fitted with either spoiler or weir baffles, is assessed. Performance, measured as maximum distance of ascent within the flume, is also quantified. The bare flume was the most motivating for brook trout, and the weirs were most motivating for brown trout. As a rule, brown trout showed less motivation to stage attempts than brook trout, except within the weir baffle treatments. Performance was greatest in the weirs for smaller trout and in the spoiler baffles for larger trout. Our findings suggest that baffle form influences passage rates at road crossings in ways previously unknown and further stresses the importance of considering fish motivation and performance together when assessing the efficacy of baffle forms.
Isolation and characterization of MbWRKY1, a WRKY transcription factor gene from Malus baccata (L.) Borkh involved in drought tolerance
Authors: Han Deguo , Ding Haibin , Chai Lijing , Liu Wei , Zhang Zhaoyuan , Hou Yanjie , Yang Guohui
Published: April 2018

WRKY transcription factors are involved in stress responses in plants; however, their roles in abiotic stresses are still not well known in Malus plants. In the present study, a WRKY gene was isolated from Malus baccata (L.) Borkh and designated as MbWRKY1. Subcellular localization revealed that MbWRKY1 was localized in the nucleus. The expression levels of MbWRKY1 were up-regulated by dehydration, salinity, and ABA treatments in M. baccata seedlings. When MbWRKY1 was introduced into tobacco, it improved drought stress tolerance in transgenic plants. Under the drought treatment, transgenic plants had higher contents of chlorophyll, proline, relative water, AsA, and GSH than wild-type (WT) plants. Compared with WT plants, the overexpression of MbWRKY1 in transgenic tobacco also led to decreased levels of H2O2, MDA, and elecrolyte leakage when dealing with drought stress. There were increased activities of POD, CAT, SOD, and APX in transgenic tobaccos, especially when dealing with drought treatment. Moreover, the MbWRKY1 transgenic plants enhanced the expressions of oxidative stress response (NtPOD, NtCAT, NtSOD, and NtAPX) and stress-related genes (NtP5CS and NtLEA5) when dealing with drought stress. These results suggest that the MbWRKY1 gene plays a positive regulatory role in drought stress response.
G-theory: The generator of M-theory and supersymmetry
Authors: Sepehri Alireza , Pincak Richard
Published: April 2018

In string theory with ten dimensions, all Dp-branes are constructed from D0-branes whose action has two-dimensional brackets of Lie 2-algebra. Also, in M-theory, with 11 dimensions, all Mp-branes are built from M0-branes whose action contains three-dimensional brackets of Lie 3-algebra. In these theories, the reason for difference between bosons and fermions is unclear and especially in M-theory there is not any stable object like stable M3-branes on which our universe would be formed on it and for this reason it cannot help us to explain cosmological events. For this reason, we construct G-theory with M dimensions whose branes are formed from G0-branes with N-dimensional brackets. In this theory, we assume that at the beginning there is nothing. Then, two energies, which differ in their signs only, emerge and produce 2M degrees of freedom. Each two degrees of freedom create a new dimension and then M dimensions emerge. M-N of these degrees of freedom are removed by symmetrically compacting half of M-N dimensions to produce Lie-N-algebra. In fact, each dimension produces a degree of freedom. Consequently, by compacting M-N dimensions from M dimensions, N dimensions and N degrees of freedom is emerged. These N degrees of freedoms produce Lie-N-algebra. During this compactification, some dimensions take extra i and are different from other dimensions, which are known as time coordinates. By this compactification, two types of branes, Gp and anti-Gp-branes, are produced and rank of tensor fields which live on them changes from zero to dimension of brane. The number of time coordinates, which are produced by negative energy in anti-Gp-branes, is more sensible to number of times in Gp-branes. These branes are compactified anti-symmetrically and then fermionic superpartners of bosonic fields emerge and supersymmetry is born. Some of gauge fields play the role of graviton and gravitino and produce the supergravity. The question may arise that what is the physical reason which shows that this theory is true. We shown that G-theory can be reduced to other theories like nonlinear gravity theories in four dimensions. Also, this theory, can explain the physical properties of fermions and bosons. On the other hand, this theory explains the origin of supersymmetry. For this reason, we can prove that this theory is true. By reducing the dimension of algebra to three and dimension of world to 11 and dimension of brane to four, G-theory is reduced to F(R)-gravity.
Superstatistics of the Klein–Gordon equation in deformed formalism for modified Dirac delta distribution
Authors: Sargolzaeipor S. , Hassanabadi H. , Chung W. S.
Published: April 2018

The Klein–Gordon equation is extended in the presence of an Aharonov–Bohm magnetic field for the Cornell potential and the corresponding wave functions as well as the spectra are obtained. After introducing the superstatistics in the statistical mechanics, we first derived the effective Boltzmann factor in the deformed formalism with modified Dirac delta distribution. We then use the concepts of the superstatistics to calculate the thermodynamics properties of the system. The well-known results are recovered by the vanishing of deformation parameter and some graphs are plotted for the clarity of our results.
Lorentz violation, gravitoelectromagnetism and Bhabha scattering at finite temperature
Authors: Santos A. F. , Khanna Faqir C.
Published: April 2018

Gravitoelectromagnetism (GEM) is an approach for the gravitation field that is described using the formulation and terminology similar to that of electromagnetism. The Lorentz violation is considered in the formulation of GEM that is covariant in its form. In practice, such a small violation of the Lorentz symmetry may be expected in a unified theory at very high energy. In this paper, a non-minimal coupling term, which exhibits Lorentz violation, is added as a new term in the covariant form. The differential cross-section for Bhabha scattering in the GEM framework at finite temperature is calculated that includes Lorentz violation. The Thermo Field Dynamics (TFD) formalism is used to calculate the total differential cross-section at finite temperature. The contribution due to Lorentz violation is isolated from the total cross-section. It is found to be small in magnitude.
Lie symmetry analysis and reduction for exact solution of (2+1)-dimensional Bogoyavlensky–Konopelchenko equation by geometric approach
Authors: Ray S. Saha
Published: April 2018

In this paper, the symmetry analysis and similarity reduction of the (2[Formula: see text]+[Formula: see text]1)-dimensional Bogoyavlensky–Konopelchenko (B–K) equation are investigated by means of the geometric approach of an invariance group, which is equivalent to the classical Lie symmetry method. Using the extended Harrison and Estabrook’s differential forms approach, the infinitesimal generators for (2[Formula: see text]+[Formula: see text]1)-dimensional B–K equation are obtained. Firstly, the vector field associated with the Lie group of transformation is derived. Then the symmetry reduction and the corresponding explicit exact solution of (2[Formula: see text]+[Formula: see text]1)-dimensional B–K equation is obtained.
Uncertainty product for Vilenkin groups
Authors: Kovalyov Ivan , Lebedeva Elena
Published: April 2018

We study a localization of functions defined on Vilenkin groups. To measure the localization, we introduce two uncertainty products [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] that are similar to the Heisenberg uncertainty product. [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] differ from each other by the metric used for the Vilenkin group [Formula: see text]. We discuss analogs of a quantitative uncertainty principle. Representations for [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] in terms of Walsh and Haar basis are given.
Remote sensing image fusion via RPCA and adaptive PCNN in NSST domain
Authors: Zhang Kang , Huang Yongdong , Zhao Cheng
Published: April 2018

In order to improve fused image quality of multi-spectral (MS) image and panchromatic (PAN) image, a new remote sensing image fusion algorithm based on robust principal component analysis (RPCA) and non-subsampled shearlet transform (NSST) is proposed. First, the first principle component PC1 of MS image is extracted via principal component analysis (PCA). Then, the component PC1 and PAN image are decomposed by NSST to get the low and high frequency subbands, respectively. For the low frequency subband, the sparse matrix of PAN image by RPCA decomposition is used to guide the fusion rule; for the high frequency subbands, the fusion rule employed is based on adaptive PCNN model. Finally, the fusion image is obtained by inverse NSST transform and inverse PCA transform. The experimental results illustrate that the proposed fusion algorithm outperforms other classical fusion algorithms (PCA, Curvelet, NSCT, NSST and NSCT-PCNN) in terms of visual quality and objective evaluation in whole, and achieve better fusion performance.
Quantum Markov Semigroups with Unbounded Generator and Time Evolution of the Support Projection of a State
Authors: Gliouez Souhir , Hachicha Skander , Nasroui Ikbel
Published: April 2018

We characterize the support projection of a state evolving under the action of a quantum Markov semigroup with unbounded generator represented in the generalized GKSL form and a quantum version of the classical Lévy-Austin-Ornstein theorem.
Aspects of Geodesical Motion with Fisher-Rao Metric: Classical and Quantum
Authors: Ciaglia Florio M. , Cosmo Fabio Di , Felice Domenico , Mancini Stefano , Marmo Giuseppe , Pérez-Pardo Juan M.
Published: April 2018

The purpose of this paper is to exploit the geometric structure of quantum mechanics and of statistical manifolds to study the qualitative effect that the quantum properties have in the statistical description of a system. We show that the end points of geodesics in the classical setting coincide with the probability distributions that minimise Shannon’s entropy, i.e. with distributions of zero dispersion. In the quantum setting this happens only for particular initial conditions, which in turn correspond to classical submanifolds. This result can be interpreted as a geometric manifestation of the uncertainty principle.
Strongly Fluorescent Carbon Quantum Dots from Biomass Tar as Highly Selective and Sensitive Probe for Fe3+ Detection
Authors: Yuan Haoran , Zhang Xian , Li Denian , Chen Yong
Published: April 2018

Nonhazardous and value-added utilization of biomass tar remains a great challenge in biomass gasification development. Herein, both model compounds and real biomass tar were for the first time tested as the carbon source for carbon quantum dots, where the resultants demonstrated excellent monodispersibility and strong fluorescence, quantum efficiency up to 53% and 43% were achieved. Moreover, the real tar-derived CQDs further revealed as a highly selective and sensitive probe for Fe[Formula: see text], indicating its great potential ion sensing. It is expected that this work would open up a new strategy for biomass tar valorization.
A Method for Reducing the Effect of Surface Contamination Layers in Reflection Diagnostics of Graphene-like 2D Materials
Authors: Adamson Peep
Published: April 2018

The values of the published dielectric constants of graphene determined on the basis of optical diagnostics methods differ significantly from each other. This is due, in particular, to contaminating layers on the surface of graphene or between the substrate and the graphene layer, the parameters of which are not generally known and which, therefore, are difficult to take into account. In this work, it is shown how to integrate ellipsometric and reflectance measurements so that the influence of contaminating layers on the determination of dielectric constants of graphene-like 2D materials is minimal or practically absent at all. The inversion problem is solved analytically within the long-wavelength approximation. The equations for determining the dielectric constants of graphene have only one definite solution and do not need the knowledge of the initial guesses. A thorough analysis has been made of the dependence of the method error on the parameters of the structure under study, the wavelength and angle of incidence of optical radiation.
Molecular Imprinting Polymers Based on Boric Acid-Modified CdTe QDs for Sensitive Detection of Glucose
Authors: Hu Bo , Lu Yang , Cui Keyu , Yan Yongsheng
Published: April 2018

In this study, a novel imprinted polymer based on 3-aminophenylboronic acid (APBA)-functionalized CdTe quantum dots (QDs) was synthesized and used to sensitively and selectively detect glucose. In the process of synthesis, the boronic acid in the APBA could combine covalently with vicinal diol compounds, directing imprinting process, and the APBA-modified CdTe QDs were used as the solid supports. By this method, the prepared molecular imprinting polymers (MIPs)-APBA/CdTe QDs show high selectivity, high sensitivity and good stability. Under optimal conditions, a linear relationship was obtained covering the linear range of 0–1.5[Formula: see text]mmol/L with a correlation coefficient of 0.99833 and a high imprinting factor about 5.71. Furthermore, the prepared MIPs-APBA/CdTe QDs were successfully applied to detect glucose in human serum samples. This work provides a new way to synthesize an excellent stability and efficient imprinted polymer based on CdTe QDs for convenient, fast and highly selective detection of glucose.
k-Pell, k-Pell–Lucas and modified k-Pell sedenions
Authors: Catarino Paula
Published: April 2018

The aim of this work is to present the [Formula: see text]-Pell, the [Formula: see text]-Pell–Lucas and the Modified [Formula: see text]-Pell sedenions and we give some properties involving these sequences, including the Binet-style formulae and the ordinary generating functions.
Variety Is the Spice of Life: Irrational Behavior as Adaptation to Stochastic Environments
Authors: Brennan Thomas J. , Lo Andrew W. , Zhang Ruixun
Published: April 2018

The debate between rational models of behavior and their systematic deviations, often referred to as “irrational behavior”, has attracted an enormous amount of research. Here, we reconcile the debate by proposing an evolutionary explanation for irrational behavior. In the context of a simple binary choice model, we show that irrational behaviors are necessary for evolution in stochastic environments. Furthermore, there is an optimal degree of irrationality in the population depending on the degree of environmental randomness. In this process, mutation provides the important link between rational and irrational behaviors, and hence the variety in evolution. Our results yield widespread implications for financial markets, corporate behavior, and disciplines beyond finance.