Diversas manifestaciones de riesgo social y moral del menor en el ámbito de técnicas de información y comunicación (TIC)
Authors: García-Atance García de Mora María Victoria 
Published: January 2018

Resumen:El progreso de la tecnología en los medios de la información y comunicación comporta una evolución social que se proyecta particularmente, en las últimas generaciones, nacidas en la era digital, lo que implica un salto cualitativo en la esfera de la globalización social, permitiendo una fácil accesibilidad de las  personas, y de los jóvenes en particular a distintos ámbitos sociales, hasta hace poco tiempo, impensables, a la vez que un elevado conocimiento de datos de privacidad de las personas que navegan por las redes, no siempre son tratados con la prudencia debida. Esta circunstancia, unida a la espiral de degradación del respeto a valores y principios, provocan con frecuencia episodios de uso perverso de las TIC, especialmente, aplicándolas en determinados ámbitos en los que la juventud e infancia son principales protagonistas y más vulnerables, con la intención de hacer daño, intimidar, amenazar, victimizar a los menores en el tiempo, puede conducir a resultados, a veces trágicos. La vulnerabilidad de los menores frente al desafío de las nuevas tecnologías, no siempre controladas a través de un adecuado uso por parte de los menores, hace urgente una más exhaustiva y precisa regulación en la UE, y mayor armonización de criterios en el ámbito de las regulaciones internas de cada Estado.Summary:INTRODUCTION. I. PRINCIPLES OF PREVALENCE OF THE BEST INTEREST OF THE MINOR IN SOCIAL NETWORKS. II. A REFLECTION ON THE INADEQUACYOF THE LEGALMECHANISMS AROUND THE PROTECTION OF MINORS IN THE FIELD OF SOCIAL NETWORKS. III. PREVENTIVE MEASURES AGAINST THE RISK OF MINORS IN ICT AND INTERNET. 1. Obtaining consent. 2. Verification of the minor's age. 2.1. Limitation of minimum age of participation in social networks. 3. Information trail of Minors in social networks. 4. Brief reflection on the protection of minors' data in the network. 4.1. Applicable legislation. 4.1.a) Scope of the organization that uses the data. 4.1.b) Location of the subjects whose data have been used. 4.1.c) Location of the actual processing of the data. 5. Projection of risks on the rights of the minor's personality: Unitary regulation of the EU. 6. Influence of the network in educational centers: Its emotional impact on minors. IV. COEXISTENCE PLAN IN EDUCATIONAL CENTRES. V. CONCEPTUAL APPROXIMATION IN DIVERSE SCENARIOS WHERE MINORS ARE AT SOCIAL RISK. 1. Minors exposed to episodes of social and physical harassment. 2. Minors’ vulnerability to cyberbullying. Emotional risk factor. 2.1. Concept. 2.2. Contents. 2.3. Cyberbullies’ motivations. 3. Minor’s marginalization as a consequence of Bullying. Physical risk factor. 3.1. Concept of Bullying. 3.2. Contents of Bullying. 3.3. Bullying goals. 4. Cyberbullying as a specific type of harassment. 4.1. Concept of Cyberbullying. 4.2. Contents of Ciberbullying. 4.3. Evidence of Cyberbullying. 5. Evidence of social and moral risk of minors. Grooming as evidence of harassment. 5.1. Aim of Grooming. 5.2. Psychological impact of Grooming in minor. 6. Sexting as a technological risk factor. 7. Morphing (Warping). VI. CROSS-SECTIONAL PROGRAM FOR SITUATIONS OF SOCIAL AND MORAL RISK OF MINOR. 1. Prevention methods for risk factor. 2. Means for prevention. 3. Intervention. VII. MINOR’S PERSONALITY RIGHTS AND TECHNIQUES OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION AS TRANSGRESOR ELEMENTS OF MINOR’S DIGNITY. 1. Framework for minor’s dignity and integrity. 2. Information and Communication techniques and the dignity and integrity of minor. 3. Information and Communication techniques and integrity in minor’s youth and adolescence. 2.1. Social networks and honor rights. 2.2. Social networks and the right for intimacy. 2.3. Social networks and image rights. VIII. DOUBLE VICTIMIZATION OF MINOR. CONCLUSIONSAbstract:The progress of technology in the media of information and communication entails a social evolution that is particularly projected, in the last generations, born in the digital era, which implies a qualitative leap in the sphere of social globalization, allowing easy accessibility of people, and of young people in particular to different social areas, until recently, unthinkable, while a high knowledge of privacy data of people browsing the networks, are not always treated with the prudence due. This circumstance, together with the spiral of degradation of respect for values and principles, frequently provokes episodes of perverse use of ICT, especially applying them in certain areas in which youth and childhood are the main protagonists and more vulnerable, with the intention to harm, intimidate, threaten, victimize children over time, can lead to results, sometimes tragic. The vulnerability of children to the challenge of new technologies, not always controlled through proper use by the minors, makes urgent a more exhaustive and precise regulation in the EU, and greater harmonization of criteria in the scope of the internal regulations of each State.