bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reconstruction of drip-water δ18O based on calcite oxygen and clumped isotopes of speleothems from Bunker Cave (Germany)
Authors: Kluge T. , Affek H. P. , Marx T. , Aeschbach-Hertig W. , Riechelmann D. F. C. , Scholz D. , Riechelmann S. , Immenhauser A. , Richter D. K. , Fohlmeister J. , Wackerbarth A. , Mangini A. , Spötl C.
Published: February 2013

Abstract. The geochemical signature of many speleothems used for reconstruction of past continental climates is affected by kinetic isotope fractionation. This limits quantitative paleoclimate reconstruction and, in cases where the kinetic fractionation varies with time, also affects relative paleoclimate interpretations. In carbonate archive research, clumped isotope thermometry is typically used as proxy for absolute temperatures. In the case of speleothems, however, clumped isotopes provide a sensitive indicator for disequilibrium effects. The extent of kinetic fractionation co-varies in Δ47 and δ18O so that it can be used to account for disequilibrium in δ18O and to extract the past drip-water composition. Here we apply this approach to stalagmites from Bunker Cave (Germany) and calculate drip-water δ18Ow values for the Eemian, MIS3, and the Holocene, relying on independent temperature estimates and accounting for disequilibrium. Applying the co-variation method to modern calcite precipitates yields drip-water δ18Ow values in agreement with modern cave drip-water δ18Ow of −7.9 ± 0.3‰, despite large and variable disequilibrium effects in both calcite δ18Oc and Δ47. Reconstructed paleo-drip-water δ18Ow values are lower during colder periods (e.g., MIS3: −8.6 ± 0.4‰ and the early Holocene at 11 ka: −9.7 ± 0.2‰) and show higher values during warmer climatic periods (e.g., the Eemian: −7.6 ± 0.2‰ and the Holocene Climatic Optimum: −7.2 ± 0.3‰). This new approach offers a unique possibility for quantitative climate reconstruction including the assessment of past hydrological conditions while accounting for disequilibrium effects.
Large-scale temperature response to external forcing in simulations and reconstructions of the last millennium
Authors: Fernández-Donado L. , González-Rouco J. F. , Raible C. C. , Ammann C. M. , Barriopedro D. , García-Bustamante E. , Jungclaus J. H. , Lorenz S. J. , Luterbacher J. , Phipps S. J. , Servonnat J. , Swingedouw D. , Tett S. F. B. , Wagner S. , Yiou P. , Zorita E.
Published: February 2013

Abstract. Understanding natural climate variability and its driving factors is crucial to assessing future climate change. Therefore, comparing proxy-based climate reconstructions with forcing factors as well as comparing these with paleoclimate model simulations is key to gaining insights into the relative roles of internal versus forced variability. A review of the state of modelling of the climate of the last millennium prior to the CMIP5–PMIP3 (Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5–Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project Phase 3) coordinated effort is presented and compared to the available temperature reconstructions. Simulations and reconstructions broadly agree on reproducing the major temperature changes and suggest an overall linear response to external forcing on multidecadal or longer timescales. Internal variability is found to have an important influence at hemispheric and global scales. The spatial distribution of simulated temperature changes during the transition from the Medieval Climate Anomaly to the Little Ice Age disagrees with that found in the reconstructions. Thus, either internal variability is a possible major player in shaping temperature changes through the millennium or the model simulations have problems realistically representing the response pattern to external forcing. A last millennium transient climate response (LMTCR) is defined to provide a quantitative framework for analysing the consistency between simulated and reconstructed climate. Beyond an overall agreement between simulated and reconstructed LMTCR ranges, this analysis is able to single out specific discrepancies between some reconstructions and the ensemble of simulations. The disagreement is found in the cases where the reconstructions show reduced covariability with external forcings or when they present high rates of temperature change.
Data compression to define information content of hydrological time series
Authors: Weijs S. V. , van de Giesen N. , Parlange M. B.
Published: February 2013

Abstract. When inferring models from hydrological data or calibrating hydrological models, we might be interested in the information content of those data to quantify how much can potentially be learned from them. In this work we take a perspective from (algorithmic) information theory (AIT) to discuss some underlying issues regarding this question. In the information-theoretical framework, there is a strong link between information content and data compression. We exploit this by using data compression performance as a time series analysis tool and highlight the analogy to information content, prediction, and learning (understanding is compression). The analysis is performed on time series of a set of catchments, searching for the mechanisms behind compressibility. We discuss both the deeper foundation from algorithmic information theory, some practical results and the inherent difficulties in answering the question: "How much information is contained in this data?". The conclusion is that the answer to this question can only be given once the following counter-questions have been answered: (1) Information about which unknown quantities? (2) What is your current state of knowledge/beliefs about those quantities? Quantifying information content of hydrological data is closely linked to the question of separating aleatoric and epistemic uncertainty and quantifying maximum possible model performance, as addressed in current hydrological literature. The AIT perspective teaches us that it is impossible to answer this question objectively, without specifying prior beliefs. These beliefs are related to the maximum complexity one is willing to accept as a law and what is considered as random.
Circumferential Proximal Femoral Allografts in Revision Hip Arthroplasty: Four to 20 Years Follow-Up
Authors: Roos Bruno Dutra , Roos Milton Valdomiro , Camisa Antero
Published: February 2013

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to analyze the clinical and radiographic results of revision of loose total hip replacements, using proximal femoral allografts and a cemented implant.

Material and methods

We retrospectively reviewed of 28 consecutive patients. Twenty patients were available for study. Each patient was scored using a modified Harris Hip Score. Radiographs were examined for endosteal and periosteal reabsorption, allograft-host union, trochanteric migration, component loosening and heterotrophic calcification.

Results

The mean pre-operative Harris hip Score was 34 points. At the latest follow-up, the meanscore was 80 points. Nineteen cases (95%) had combined femoral defects and one patient (5%) had a segmental defect, according to the AAOS classification. Allograft resorption was seen in eight (40%) hips. There were 18 cases (90%) of allograft union, one (5%) of partial union and one (5%) of nonunion. There was one case of trochanteric migration (more than 1 cm). All femoral components were radiographically stable. The reconstruction was considered successful in 18 patients (90%).

Conclusion

The use of proximal femoral allografts in femoral revision of loose total hip replacements has high survival and satisfactory clinical results at an average period of eight years postoperatively.
Differentiated chondrosarcoma, originated in thyroid cartilage of larynx: evaluation and treatment. Clinical case presentation
Authors: Pocius Linas , Čepulis Vytautas
Published: February 2013

Background. The goal of our clinical case presentation is to introduce evaluation and treatment of rare head and neck tumor, the laryngeal chondrosarcoma (CS). Despite disease origin being properly suspected at the early management of our patient, the final outcomes tend to be just satisfactory because too many cofactors have had a strong influence on the course of disease.
Materials and methods. In this case, we described applied investigations and chosen tactics of treatment to our patient in a chronological manner, some immediate results, but also remote consequences of the management of this disease.
Results. In our opinion, outcome in this patient’s case was predicted not just by the biology of malignancy itself, but also by some specific qualities of the tumor and even misinterpretations of instrumental examination at the moment of making decisions regarding the initial treatment; moreover, some solutions, corrected by the patient himself, maybe played an important role in the clinical course further. We want to point out how achieved results and outcomes could be unpredictable, under influence of near coincidence of fate, and different, in comparison with the cases described in the majority of the literature.
Conclusions. 1.  Relatively simple diagnostic with contemporary features, plenty of modern surgical treatment possibilities or even combined therapy in complicated cases – it makes no difficulties for management of typical chondrosarcoma of the larynx, yet sometimes tricky findings when evaluating the disease and an unpredictable or surprising course of treatment and continuation make this rare kind of head and neck malignancies really special. 2. RT neither chemotherapy are recommended therapeutic options, except some rare individual cases. 3. Conservative surgery tends to be adequate if made properly and in time, it obviously ensures long-term remission or cancer-free life.
Flood Risk Assessment: Level of Property Damage and Casualty in Northeastern Mindanao Philippines
Authors: Badiola Richard A.
Published: February 2013

Flood disaster poses a serious threat to people and property. As society progresses, it constantly modify the environmental landscape which heightens the risk of a disaster. Vital step to disaster reduction should be directed to a comprehensive evaluation of the likelihood of potential losses such as destruction of property and/ or deaths. This study aims to assess the level of risk associated to flood damage and casualty at Community level. The level of risk depends on two interrelated factors: level of hazard and the level of its consequence. A Modified Risk Assessment Framework was utilized to evaluate each of the components of risk. Results significantly matched the geological hazard assessment conducted by local experts. Eleven Villages are high risk of loss of life while eight Villages are high risk of property damage. Restricting physical developments, limiting population expansion, investing on structural measures, boosting the socio-economic condition and strengthening the environmental regulations may help reduce the risk.   Keywords - Risk, Vulnerability, Exposure, Hazard, Consequence, Descriptive, Surigao City, Philippines
Study on the reaction mechanism and the static injection chemiluminescence method for detection of acetaminophen
Authors: Wu Yongjun , Zhang Huili , Yu Songcheng , Yu Fei , Li Yanqiang , Zhang Hongquan , Qu Lingbo , Harrington Peter de B.
Published: February 2013

Acetaminophen, also called paracetamol, is found in Tylenol, Excedrin and other products as over–the‐counter medicines. In this study, acetaminophen as a luminol signal enhancer was used in the chemiluminescence (CL) substrate solution of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) for the first time. The use of acetaminophen in the luminol–HRP–H2O2 system affected not only the intensity of the obtained signal, but also its kinetics. It was shown that acetaminophen was to be a potent enhancer of the luminol–HRP–H2O2 system. A putative enhancement mechanism for the luminol–H2O2–HRP–acetaminophen system is presented. The resonance of the nucleophilic amide group and the benzene ring of acetaminophen structure have a great effect on O‐H bond dissociation energy of the phenol group and therefore on phenoxyl radical stabilization. These radicals act as mediators between HRP and luminol in an electron transfer reaction that generates luminol radicals and subsequently light emission, in which the intensity of CL is enhanced in the presence of acetaminophen. In addition, a simple method was developed to detect acetaminophen by static injection CL based on the enhanced CL system of luminol–H2O2–HRP by acetaminophen. Experimental conditions, such as pH and concentrations of substrates, have been examined and optimized. The proposed method exhibited good performance, the linear range was from 0.30 to 7.5 mM, the relative standard deviation was 1.86% (n = 10), limit of detection was 0.16 mM and recovery was 99 ± 4%. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Improved student linkage of mendelian and molecular genetic concepts through a yeast‐based laboratory module
Authors: Wolyniak Michael J.
Published: February 2013

A study of modern genetics requires students to successfully unite the principles of Mendelian genetics with the functions of DNA. Traditional means of teaching genetics are often successful in teaching Mendelian and molecular ideas but not in allowing students to see how the two subjects relate. The laboratory module presented here attempts to present classical and molecular genetic concepts together as an inquiry‐based exploration appropriate for high school or introductory undergraduate students. Using the non‐essential APQ12 gene in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, students perform PCR, selective growth, and sporulation experiments to establish the ploidy and APQ12 zygosity of a series of unknown strains. Each experiment contributes data to characterize the unknown strains, but complete characterization is not possible without assimilating the data from all of the experiments. The module allows students to consider concepts normally introduced and emphasized in Mendelian genetics and explore them using molecular and experimental tools. Comparison of pre‐module and post‐module assessment surveys show an increase in student ability to link Mendelian concepts to experimental procedures relying on DNA analysis. The development of modules such as these provides students of all backgrounds with the tools to engage the complexities and issues that constitute modern principles of inheritance. © 2013 by The International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 41(3):163–172, 2013
From formalin to thiel embalming: What changes? One anatomy department's experiences
Authors: Eisma R. , Lamb C. , Soames R.W.
Published: February 2013

In 2009, the Centre for Anatomy and Human Identification started Thiel embalming on a small scale to assess (i) the suitability for our current teaching in which long‐lasting dissection courses are key, (ii) the potential for new collaborations and activities, and (iii) the practical implications of changing our embalming method from formalin to Thiel. Twenty six Thiel‐embalmed cadavers have been used for dissection by staff and students on a taught MSc course, as a model for clinical and surgical training, and increasingly as a model for evaluation of new medical devices and procedures. Our experiences with dissection were mostly positive especially for teaching the musculoskeletal system. Internal organs handle differently from formalin‐fixed organs and dissection manuals need to be adjusted to reflect this. Durability of the cadavers was not an issue, though changes are seen over time due to gradual fluid loss. We have started new collaborations related to postgraduate anatomy teaching and advanced training in surgical and clinical skills. In general, feedback is very positive and demand for cadavers outstrips our current limited supply. Thiel‐embalmed cadavers were found to provide a unique opportunity for evaluation of medical products especially in areas where no suitable alternative model is available, and without the complications associated with clinical testing. This has resulted in new collaborations and research projects. As a result Thiel‐embalmed cadavers are used for longer and for more activities than formalin cadavers: this requires changes in our procedures and staff roles. Clin. Anat. 26:564–571, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Management of significant left main coronary disease before and after trans‐apical transcatheter aortic valve replacement in a patient with severe and complex arterial disease
Authors: Paradis Jean‐Michel , George Isaac , Kodali Susheel
Published: February 2013

We report the case of an 81‐year‐old woman with symptomatic severe aortic stenosis, extremely significant peripheral arterial disease, and obstructive coronary artery disease who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention via a transaxillary conduit immediately before a trans‐apical transcatheter aortic valve replacement performed with a transfemoral device. After deployment of the transcatheter heart valve, there was a left main coronary obstruction and the patient required an emergent PCI. This multifaceted case clearly underlines the importance of a well functioning heart team including the interventional cardiologist, the cardiovascular surgeon, and the echocardiographer. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Relationship between procedural adverse events associated with cardiac catheterization for congenital heart disease and operator factors: Results of a multi‐institutional registry (C3PO)
Authors: Holzer Ralf J. , Gauvreau Kimberlee , Kreutzer Jacqueline , Moore John W. , McElhinney Doff B. , Bergersen Lisa
Published: February 2013

Background

Data examining the effect of operator years in practice and volume on adverse events (AE) after cardiac catheterization in patients with congenital heart disease is limited.

Methods and Results

Data were prospectively collected using a multi‐center registry (C3PO). 10,885 catheterizations performed between 02/07 and 06/10 at eight institutions were included. AE rates were risk‐adjusted for hemodynamic vulnerability, procedure type risk group, and age and compared between operators with different years in practice (YIP) and volume. AE occurred in 13% of procedures. Operators with less than five YIP had higher adjusted odds of any AE (OR 1.42, 95% CI 1.14–1.77) or a high severity AE (OR 1.35, 95% CI 1.04–1.75), when compared with operators with 5 to less than 25 YIP (5 < 25), while operators with ≥25 YIP had higher odds of a high severity (but not any) AE (OR 1.39, 95% CI 1.08–1.80). Operators with <5 YIP had a higher percentage of preventable AE (out of all AE, 16% vs. 8%, P < 0.001) as well as higher odds of vascular or cardiac trauma (OR 1.81, 95% CI 1.11–2.97), or technical AE (OR 1.98, 95% CI 1.31–2.99) when compared with operators with 5 < 25 YIP. There was no consistent relationship between operator volume, and incidence of AE.

Conclusions

Operators with less than 5 years in practice have higher risk‐adjusted AE rates. While an important consideration in guiding and mentoring operators with fewer years in practice, it is important to emphasize that reporting adverse events does not take into account procedural efficacy. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Successful percutaneous transcatheter patent foramen ovale closure through the right internal jugular vein using a steerable catheter
Authors: Hascoet Sebastien , Fraisse Alain , Elbaz Meyer
Published: February 2013

Percutaneous transcatheter closure of a patent foramen ovale (PFO) remains challenging when femoral venous approach is not available. We describe the successful closure of a PFO using the right internal jugular venous approach and a deflectable catheter delivery system in a patient with a PFO, recurrent stroke, and an inferior vena cava filter. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Transcatheter closure of large atrial septal defects in children using the left atrial disc engagement–disengagement technique (LADEDT)—technical considerations and short term results
Authors: Pinto Robin , Jain Shreepal , Dalvi Bharat
Published: February 2013

Objective

To report our experience of transcatheter closure (TCC) of large atrial septal defects (ASDs) in children using the left atrial (LA) disc engagement‐disengagement technique (LADEDT).

Methods

This is a retrospective study comprising 21 children diagnosed with large secundum ASDs. All of them had an attempt at TCC with the Amplatzer septal occluder (ASO) using LADEDT. They were assessed by clinical examination, ECG and echocardiography before the procedure, at 24 hours, 6 weeks, 6 months, and every 1 year after the device closure.

Results

The median age of the cohort was 3 years (range 1–12 years). The weight ranged from 5 to 40 kg (median = 12 kg). The mean ASD diameter was 16.7 ± 4.3 mm. The median device size used was 22 mm (range 15–40 mm). The device was successfully placed from the superior pulmonary vein (left: 12; right: 4) and the LA appendage (LAA) in 2. In three patients the technique failed and we had to resort to the balloon assisted technique (BAT) for a successful deployment. The number of attempts for deployment ranged from 1 to 4 (median 2). Despite appropriate placement, the device was not released in one patient because of deficient and floppy inferior margin. One patient had worsening of mitral regurgitation from mild to moderate grade without further progression till last follow up. There were no other major complications during the follow up (6.2 ± 2.4 months) period.

Conclusion

TCC of large ASDs in small children using the LADEDT is predictable, reproducible, relatively simple, safe, and effective. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Coil embolization of a coronary artery to left ventricular fistula using detachable coils
Authors: Reeves E. Rodney , Jahromi Babak S. , Ling Frederick S.
Published: February 2013

Coronary artery fistulas are rare congenital anomalies noted during coronary angiography of both symptomatic and asymptomatic patients. Percutaneous treatment options have been described previously in case series of varying size. We present the successful percutaneous coil embolization using electrically detachable coils of a symptomatic combined distal left anterior descending artery fistula and distal right coronary artery fistula that join to form a single drainage into the left ventricle. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Short and long term complications of device closure of atrial septal defect and patent foramen ovale: Meta‐analysis of 28,142 patients from 203 studies
Authors: Abaci Adnan , Unlu Serkan , Alsancak Yakup , Kaya Ulker , Sezenoz Burak
Published: February 2013

Background

Device closure of atrial septal defect (ASD) and patent foramen ovale (PFO) are both associated with short‐ and long‐term complications. Our knowledge of the complication rates of ASD and PFO closure is limited. Our objective was to review the peri‐procedural and long‐term complications of ASD and PFO closure.

Methods

Medline, EMBASE, and Scopus databases were searched between 1973 and 2012. A total of 28,142 patients from 203 case series were included. Of these 203 articles, 111 were reporting ASD closure, 61 were reporting PFO closure, and 31 were reporting both. Pooled incidence rates of cardiac complications were calculated separately for peri‐procedural and at follow‐up.

Results

Peri‐procedural major complications were reported from 0% to 9.4%, with a pooled estimate rate of 1.4% (95% CI: 1.3–1.6%). It was 1.6% (95% CI: 1.4–1.8%) in ASD group, 1.1% (95% CI: 0.9–1.3%) in PFO group, and 1.3% (95% CI: 0.9–1.9%) in ASD/PFO group. The most common major complication was the device embolization requiring surgery. Peri‐procedural minor complications were reported with a pooled estimate rate of 1.4% (95% CI: 1.2–1.7%). It was 1.6% (95% CI: 1.2–2.1%) in ASD group, 1.3% (95% CI: 1.0–1.7%) in PFO group, and 1.5% (95% CI: 1.1–1.2.1%) in ASD/PFO group. The most frequent major complications at follow‐up were cerebrovascular events [1.3% (95% CI: 1.1–1.6%)] and device thrombosis [1.2% (95% CI: 1.0–1.4%)]. Both were more frequent in PFO group.

Conclusion

Device closure of ASD and PFO are associated with non‐negligible serious complications, both in early and long‐term. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Simultaneous experimental determination of labile proton fraction ratio and exchange rate with irradiation radio frequency power‐dependent quantitative CEST MRI analysis
Authors: Sun Phillip Zhe , Wang Yu , Xiao Gang , Wu Renhua
Published: February 2013

Chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) imaging is sensitive to dilute proteins/peptides and microenvironmental properties, and has been increasingly evaluated for molecular imaging and in vivo applications. However, the experimentally measured CEST effect depends on the CEST agent concentration, exchange rate and relaxation time. In addition, there may be non‐negligible direct radio‐frequency (RF) saturation effects, particularly severe for diamagnetic CEST (DIACEST) agents owing to their relatively small chemical shift difference from that of the bulk water resonance. As such, the commonly used asymmetry analysis only provides CEST‐weighted information. Recently, it has been shown with numerical simulation that both labile proton concentration and exchange rate can be determined by evaluating the RF power dependence of DIACEST effect. To validate the simulation results, we prepared and imaged two CEST phantoms: a pH phantom of serially titrated pH at a fixed creatine concentration and a concentration phantom of serially varied creatine concentration titrated to the same pH, and solved the labile proton fraction ratio and exchange rate per‐pixel. For the concentration phantom, we showed that the labile proton fraction ratio is proportional to the CEST agent concentration with negligible change in the exchange rate. Additionally, we found the exchange rate of the pH phantom is dominantly base‐catalyzed with little difference in the labile proton fraction ratio. In summary, our study demonstrated quantitative DIACEST MRI, which remains promising to augment the conventional CEST‐weighted MRI analysis. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The subcortical auditory structures in the Mongolian gerbil: II. Frequency‐related topography of the connections with cortical field AI
Authors: Budinger Eike , Brosch Michael , Scheich Henning , Mylius Judith
Published: February 2013

We investigated the frequency‐related topography of connections of the primary auditory cortical field (AI) in the Mongolian gerbil with subcortical structures of the auditory system by means of the axonal transport of two bidirectional tracers, which were simultaneously injected into regions of AI with different best frequencies (BFs). We found topographic, most likely frequency‐matched (tonotopic) connections as well as non‐topographic (non‐tonotopic) connections. AI projects in a tonotopic way to the ipsilateral ventral (MGv) and dorsal divisions (MGd) of the medial geniculate body (MGB), the reticular thalamic nucleus and dorsal nucleus of the lateral lemniscus, and the ipsi‐ and contralateral dorsal cortex of the inferior colliculus (IC) and central nucleus of the IC. AI receives tonotopic inputs from MGv and MGd. Projections from different BF regions of AI terminate in a non‐tonotopic way in the ipsilateral medial division of the MGB (MGm), the suprageniculate thalamic nucleus (SG) and brachium of the IC (bic), and the ipsi‐ and contralateral external cortex and pericollicular areas of the IC. The anterograde labeling in the intermediate and ventral nucleus of the lateral lemniscus, parts of the superior olivary complex, and divisions of the cochlear nucleus was generally sparse; thus a clear topographic arrangement of the labeled axons could not be ruled out. AI receives non‐tonotopic inputs from the ipsilateral MGm, SG, and bic. In conclusion, the tonotopic and non‐tonotopic corticofugal connections of AI can potentially serve for both conservation and integration of frequency‐specific information in the respective target structures. J. Comp. Neurol. 521:2772–2797, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Regularization techniques on least squares non‐uniform fast Fourier transform
Authors: Gibiino Fabio , Positano Vincenzo , Landini Luigi , Santarelli Maria Filomena
Published: February 2013

Non‐Cartesian acquisition strategies are widely used in MRI to dramatically reduce the acquisition time while at the same time preserving the image quality. Among non‐Cartesian reconstruction methods, the least squares non‐uniform fast Fourier transform (LS_NUFFT) is a gridding method based on a local data interpolation kernel that minimizes the worst‐case approximation error. The interpolator is chosen using a pseudoinverse matrix. As the size of the interpolation kernel increases, the inversion problem may become ill‐conditioned. Regularization methods can be adopted to solve this issue. In this study, we compared three regularization methods applied to LS_NUFFT. We used truncated singular value decomposition (TSVD), Tikhonov regularization and L1‐regularization. Reconstruction performance was evaluated using the direct summation method as reference on both simulated and experimental data. We also evaluated the processing time required to calculate the interpolator. First, we defined the value of the interpolator size after which regularization is needed. Above this value, TSVD obtained the best reconstruction. However, for large interpolator size, the processing time becomes an important constraint, so an appropriate compromise between processing time and reconstruction quality should be adopted. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Meta‐analysis reveals evolution in invasive plant species but little support for Evolution of Increased Competitive Ability (EICA)
Authors: Felker‐Quinn Emmi , Schweitzer Jennifer A. , Bailey Joseph K.
Published: February 2013

Ecological explanations for the success and persistence of invasive species vastly outnumber evolutionary hypotheses, yet evolution is a fundamental process in the success of any species. The Evolution of Increased Competitive Ability (EICA) hypothesis (Blossey and Nötzold 1995) proposes that evolutionary change in response to release from coevolved herbivores is responsible for the success of many invasive plant species. Studies that evaluate this hypothesis have used different approaches to test whether invasive populations allocate fewer resources to defense and more to growth and competitive ability than do source populations, with mixed results. We conducted a meta‐analysis of experimental tests of evolutionary change in the context of EICA. In contrast to previous reviews, there was no support across invasive species for EICA's predictions regarding defense or competitive ability, although invasive populations were more productive than conspecific native populations under noncompetitive conditions. We found broad support for genetically based changes in defense and competitive plant traits after introduction into new ranges, but not in the manner suggested by EICA. This review suggests that evolution occurs as a result of plant introduction and population expansion in invasive plant species, and may contribute to the invasiveness and persistence of some introduced species.
Comparing constitutive and induced costs of symbiont‐conferred resistance to parasitoids in aphids
Authors: Vorburger Christoph , Ganesanandamoorthy Pravin , Kwiatkowski Marek
Published: February 2013

Host defenses against parasites do not come for free. The evolution of increased resistance can be constrained by constitutive costs associated with possessing defense mechanisms, and by induced costs of deploying them. These two types of costs are typically considered with respect to resistance as a genetically determined trait, but they may also apply to resistance provided by ‘helpers’ such as bacterial endosymbionts. We investigated the costs of symbiont‐conferred resistance in the black bean aphid, Aphis fabae (Scopoli), which receives strong protection against the parasitoid Lysiphlebus fabarum from the defensive endosymbiont Hamiltonella defensa. Aphids infected with H. defensa were almost ten times more resistant to L. fabarum than genetically identical aphids without this symbiont, but in the absence of parasitoids, they had strongly reduced lifespans, resulting in lower lifetime reproduction. This is evidence for a substantial constitutive cost of harboring H. defensa. We did not observe any induced cost of symbiont‐conferred resistance. On the contrary, symbiont‐protected aphids that resisted a parasitoid attack enjoyed increased longevity and lifetime reproduction compared with unattacked controls, whereas unprotected aphids suffered a reduction of longevity and reproduction after resisting an attack. This surprising result suggests that by focusing exclusively on the protection, we might underestimate the selective advantage of infection with H. defensa in the presence of parasitoids.
Climate Policy Integration: a Case of Déjà Vu?
Authors: Adelle Camilla , Russel Duncan
Published: February 2013

Climate change is a complex cross‐cutting problem that necessitates a high level of policy coordination. One proposed strategy for dealing with such issues is policy integration or mainstreaming. Environmental Policy Integration (EPI) was heralded as one of the key features of sustainable development. However, in recent years Climate Policy Integration (CPI) has come to the fore. This article argues that CPI is an emerging concept that has received insufficient attention in the literature, despite gathering increasing prominence in policy circles. In particular, the precise nature of the relationship between EPI and CPI is still unclear. This article compares CPI with EPI in order to systemically unpack what CPI means both conceptually and in practice. The article finds that CPI is less about ambitious and expansive integration across all policy sectors and more about engaging a narrower set of sectors to work together in particular ways to meet specific goals. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
The Innovative Medicines Initiative moves translational immunology forward
Authors: Goldman Michel , Wittelsberger Angela , De Magistris Maria‐Teresa
Published: February 2013

The Innovative Medicines Initiative (IMI) was established in 2008 as a public‐private partnership between the European Union and the European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Associations with the mission to promote the development of novel therapies through collaborative efforts based on the concept of pre‐competitive research. Several consortia supported by IMI are dedicated to immuno‐inflammatory disorders, immune‐based biopharmaceuticals and vaccines. Herein, we present the key principles underlying IMI, briefly review the status of projects related to translational immunology, and present future topics of interest to immunologists.
A Route to Azafluoranthene Natural Products Through Direct Arylation
Authors: Ponnala Shashikanth , Harding Wayne W.
Published: February 2013

Microwave‐assisted direct arylation reactions were successfully employed in the synthesis of azafluoranthene alkaloids for the first time. Direct arylation reactions on a diverse set of phenyltetrahydroisoquinolines produces the indeno[1,2,3‐ij]isoquinoline nucleus required towards a high‐yielding azafluoranthene synthesis. The method was used as a key step in the efficient preparation of the natural products rufescine and triclisine. As demonstrated herein, this synthetic approach should be generally applicable to the preparation of natural and un‐natural azafluoranthene alkaloids as well as azafluoranthene‐like isoquinoline alkaloids.
SNR‐dependent radius control sphere detection for MIMO systems and relay networks
Authors: Han Shuangshuang , Tellambura Chintha , Cui Tao
Published: February 2013

A new sphere decoder algorithm for uncoded spatial multiplexing multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) systems is proposed. It overcomes the drawbacks of traditional sphere decoders: variable complexity and high complexity in low signal‐to‐noise ratios (SNRs). Its main novelty lies in scaling the search radius by a heuristic SNR‐dependent factor. This new SNR‐dependent radius control sphere decoder offers near maximum likelihood performance over the entire range of SNRs, while keeping its complexity roughly constant. This algorithm also incorporates channel ordering to save complexity. To quantify the variability of complexity, the normalised variance of the complexity is evaluated. This algorithm is also extended for joint iterative detection and decoding in coded MIMO systems and for MIMO‐relay networks. Simulation results and theoretical analysis demonstrate the benefits of the proposed algorithm.Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The synergistic effect of ribose, carnosine, and ascorbic acid on the sensory and physico‐chemical characteristics of minced bison meat
Authors: Aliani Michel , Ryland Donna , Williamson Jennifer , Rempel Natalie
Published: February 2013

Ingredients such as ascorbic acid used to preserve redness of the raw meat, and carnosine and ribose used for flavor improvement have been incorporated into minced meats to increase consumer acceptance. The objective of this study was to investigate the possible synergistic effect of ascorbic acid, carnosine, and ribose on the sensory and physico‐chemical characteristics of minced bison meat. Samples included control (Co) ±1% carnosine (C), 0.1% ascorbic acid (A), 2% ribose (R) (w/w), and combinations of RC, RA, RCA in the same concentrations as the single ingredient samples. A trained sensory panel (n = 7) measured the intensity of the aromas and flavors of salty, sour, beef, and liver of the bison patties. A consumer acceptance panel (n = 59) evaluated color, aroma, flavor, texture, and overall acceptability of the patties. Hunterlab colorimetry, shear force, cook loss, and drip loss percentage were measured on the cooked patties, and color and pH on the raw patties. The sample containing 2% ribose (R), 1% carnosine (C), and 0.1% ascorbic acid (A) in combination (RCA) showed a significantly higher consumer acceptance for aroma, which could possibly be attributed to the high beef aroma intensity measured by the descriptive analysis panel. RCA had the highest color acceptance which may be related to the high a* value for the cooked sample. RCA also had high overall acceptance corresponding to “like slightly.” Raw and cooked color values, shear force, pH, cook loss and drip loss percentages, and aroma and flavor attribute intensities for RCA were not significantly different from the control sample. The synergistic effect of ribose, carnosine, and ascorbic acid may positively affect the aroma and color of minced bison meat leading to higher overall acceptability without compromising sensory and physico‐chemical quality.
Biological and functional properties of proteolytic enzyme‐modified egg protein by‐products
Authors: Pokora Marta , Eckert Ewelina , Zambrowicz Aleksandra , Bobak Łukasz , Szołtysik Marek , Dąbrowska Anna , Chrzanowska Józefa , Polanowski Antoni , Trziszka Tadeusz
Published: February 2013

Enzymatic hydrolysis led to improve functional properties and biological activity of protein by‐products, which can be further used as protein ingredients for food and feed applications. The effects of proteolytic enzyme modification of egg‐yolk protein preparation (YP) and white protein preparation (WP), obtained as the by‐products left during the course of lecithin, lysozyme, and cystatin isolation on their biological and functional properties, were evaluated by treating a commercial Neutrase. The antihypertensive and antioxidative properties of YP and WP hydrolysates were evaluated based on their angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE)‐inhibitory activity and radical scavenging (DPPH) capacity, ferric reducing power, and chelating of iron activity. The functionality of obtained hydrolysates was also determined. Neutrase caused a degree of hydrolysis (DH) of YP and WP by‐products: 27.6% and 20.9%, respectively. In each of them, mixture of peptides with different molecular masses were also observed. YP hydrolysate showed high levels of antioxidant activity. The scavenging capacity, ferric reducing power, and chelating capacity were observed at the level: 0.44 μmol/L Trolox mg−1, 177.35 μg Fe2+ mg−1, and 549.87 μg Fe2+ mg−1, respectively. YP hydrolysate also exhibited significant ACE‐inhibitory activity, in which the level was 59.2 μg. Protein solubility was significantly improved as the DH increased. WP hydrolysate showed high water‐holding capacity of 43.2. This study indicated that YP and WP hydrolysates could be used in foods as natural antioxidants and functionality enhancers.
Forward‐Looking Monetary Policy Rules and Option‐Implied Interest Rate Expectations
Authors: Sihvonen Jukka , Vähämaa Sami
Published: February 2013

This paper examines the association between option‐implied interest rate distributions and macroeconomic expectations in the context of a forward‐looking monetary policy rule. We presume that market participants view the policy rule as a guide to the path of future policy rates and price interest rate options in accordance with the policy rule fundamentals. Using data from the UK, we confirm that Libor expectations implied by option prices are consistent with the policy rule variables. The results demonstrate that changes in the distributional form of Libor expectations are strongly associated with changes in the expected inflation and output gaps and financial uncertainty. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 34:346–373, 2014
Closing Call Auctions at the Index Futures Market
Authors: Hagströmer Björn , Nordén Lars
Published: February 2013

We investigate the effects from the introduction of a closing call auction (CCA) at the index futures market. Limit order book models, where trader patience determines trading strategies, predict that a CCA increases trader patience and, hence, improves closing price accuracy and end‐of‐day liquidity. We find that the introduction leads to increased trader patience, improved futures closing price accuracy, unaffected tightness and resiliency, and decreased depth. Decreased depth is likely due to less order fishing activity. With the CCA, opportunistic patient traders' posting of limit orders deep in the order book, to profit from impatient traders, is no longer feasible. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 34:299–319, 2014
Information content of aerosol retrievals in the sunglint region
Authors: Ottaviani M. , Knobelspiesse K. , Cairns B. , Mishchenko M.
Published: February 2013

We exploit quantitative metrics to investigate the information content in retrievals of atmospheric aerosol parameters (with a focus on single‐scattering albedo), contained in multi‐angle and multi‐spectral measurements with sufficient dynamical range in the sunglint region. The simulations are performed for two classes of maritime aerosols with optical and microphysical properties compiled from measurements of the Aerosol Robotic Network. The information content is assessed using the inverse formalism and is compared to that deriving from observations not affected by sunglint. We find that there indeed is additional information in measurements containing sunglint, not just for single‐scattering albedo, but also for aerosol optical thickness and the complex refractive index of the fine aerosol size mode, although the amount of additional information varies with aerosol type.
Absolute concentrations of highly vibrationally excited OH(υ = 9 + 8) in the mesopause region derived from the TIMED/SABER instrument
Authors: Mast Jeffrey , Mlynczak Martin G. , Hunt Linda A. , Marshall B. Thomas , Mertens Christoper J. , Russell James M. , Thompson R. Earl , Gordley Larry L.
Published: February 2013

Absolute concentrations (cm–3) of highly vibrationally excited hydroxyl (OH) are derived from measurements of the volume emission rate of the υ = 9 + 8 states of the OH radical made by the SABER instrument on the TIMED satellite. SABER has exceptionally sensitive measurement precision that corresponds to an ability to detect changes in volume emission rate on the order of ~5 excited OH molecules per cm3. Peak zonal annual mean concentrations observed by SABER exceed 1000 cm–3 at night and 225 cm–3 during the day. Measurements since 2002 show an apparent altitude‐dependent variation of the night OH(υ = 9 + 8) concentrations with the 11 year solar cycle, with concentrations decreasing below ~ 95 km from 2002 to 2008. These observations provide a global database for evaluating photochemical model computations of OH abundance, reaction kinetics, and rates and mechanisms responsible for maintaining vibrationally excited OH in the mesopause region.
A comparison of surface and subsurface controls on summer temperature in a headwater stream
Authors: MacDonald Ryan J. , Boon Sarah , Byrne James M. , Silins Uldis
Published: February 2013

This study compared summer stream temperature between two years in the Star Creek catchment, Alberta, a headwater basin on the eastern slopes of the Canadian Rocky Mountains. Star Creek is a subsurface water dominated stream, which represents important habitat for native salmonid species. Hydrometeorological data from May to September of 2010 and 2011 accompanied by stream energy budget calculations were used to describe the drivers of stream temperature in this small forested stream. Mean, maximum, and minimum weekly stream temperatures were lower from May to August and higher in September 2011 compared to 2010. Weekly range in stream temperature was also different between years with a higher range in 2010. Inter‐annual stream temperature variation was attributed discharge differences between years, shown to be primarily governed by catchment‐scale moisture conditions. This study demonstrates that both meteorological and hydrological processes must be considered in order to understand stream temperature response to changing environmental conditions in mountainous regions. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Mouse Model for Human Osteogenesis Imperfecta Type VI
Authors: Bogan Rosalind , Riddle Ryan C , Li Zhu , Kumar Sarvesh , Nandal Anjali , Faugere Marie-Claude , Boskey Adele , Crawford Susan E , Clemens Thomas L
Published: February 2013

Osteogenesis imperfecta type VI (OI type VI) has recently be linked to a mutation in the SERPINF1 gene, which encodes pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF), a ubiquitously expressed protein originally described for its neurotrophic and antiangiogenic properties. In this study, we characterized the skeletal phenotype of a mouse with targeted disruption of Pedf. In normal mouse bone, Pedf was localized to osteoblasts and osteocytes. Micro–computed tomography (µCT) and quantitative bone histomorphometry in femurs of mature Pedf null mutants revealed reduced trabecular bone volume and the accumulation of unmineralized bone matrix. Fourier transform infrared microscopy (FTIR) indicated an increased mineral:matrix ratio in mutant bones, which were more brittle than controls. In vitro, osteoblasts from Pedf null mice exhibited enhanced mineral deposition as assessed by Alizarin Red staining and an increased mineral:matrix determined by FTIR analysis of calcified nodules. The findings in this mouse model mimic the principal structural and biochemical features of bone observed in humans with OI type VI and consequently provide a useful model with which to further investigate the role of PEDF in this bone disorder.