bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Is trehalose an autophagic inducer? Unraveling the roles of non-reducing disaccharides on autophagic flux and alpha-synuclein aggregation
Authors: Yoon Ye-Seul , Cho Eun-Duk , Jung Ahn Woo , Won Lee Kyung , Lee Seung-Jae , Lee He-Jin
Published: October 2017

Autophagy is a pivotal intracellular process by which cellular macromolecules are degraded upon various stimuli. A failure in the degradation of autophagic substrates such as impaired organelles and protein aggregates leads to their accumulations, which are characteristics of many neurodegenerative diseases. Pharmacological activation of autophagy has thus been considered a prospective therapeutic approach for treating neurodegenerative diseases. Among a number of autophagy-inducing agents, trehalose has received attention for its beneficial effects in different disease models of neurodegeneration. However, how trehalose promotes autophagy has not been fully revealed. We investigated the influence of trehalose and other disaccharides upon autophagic flux and aggregation ofα-synuclein, a protein linked to Parkinson's disease. In differentiated human neuroblastoma and primary rat cortical neuron culture models, treatment with trehalose and other disaccharides resulted in accumulation of lipidated LC3 (LC3-II), p62, and autophagosomes, whereas it decreased autolysosomes. On the other hand, addition of Bafilomycin A1 to trehalose treatments had relatively marginal effect, an indicative of autophagic flux blockage. In concordance with these results, the cells treated with trehalose exhibited an incremental tendency inα-synuclein aggregation. Secretion ofα-synuclein was also elevated in the culture medium upon trehalose treatment, thereby significantly increasing intercellular transmission of this protein. Despite the substantial increase inα-synuclein aggregation, which normally leads to cell death, cell viability was not affected upon treatment with trehalose, suggesting an autophagy-independent protective function of trehalose against protein aggregates. This study demonstrates that, although trehalose has been widely considered an autophagic inducer, it may be actually a potent blocker of the autophagic flux.
HDAC6 inhibition reverses axonal transport defects in motor neurons derived from FUS-ALS patients
Authors: Guo Wenting , Naujock Maximilian , Fumagalli Laura , Vandoorne Tijs , Baatsen Pieter , Boon Ruben , Ordovás Laura , Patel Abdulsamie , Welters Marc , Vanwelden Thomas , Geens Natasja , Tricot Tine , Benoy Veronick , Steyaert Jolien , Lefebvre-Omar Cynthia , Boesmans Werend , Jarpe Matthew , Sterneckert Jared , Wegner Florian , Petri Susanne , Bohl Delphine , Vanden Berghe Pieter , Robberecht Wim , Van Damme Philip , Verfaillie Catherine , Van Den Bosch Ludo
Published: October 2017

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a rapidly progressive neurodegenerative disorder due to selective loss of motor neurons (MNs). Mutations in the fused in sarcoma (FUS) gene can cause both juvenile and late onset ALS. We generated and characterized induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from ALS patients with different FUS mutations, as well as from healthy controls. Patient-derived MNs show typical cytoplasmic FUS pathology, hypoexcitability, as well as progressive axonal transport defects. Axonal transport defects are rescued by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genetic correction of the FUS mutation in patient-derived iPSCs. Moreover, these defects are reproduced by expressing mutant FUS in human embryonic stem cells (hESCs), whereas knockdown of endogenous FUS has no effect, confirming that these pathological changes are mutant FUS dependent. Pharmacological inhibition as well as genetic silencing of histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) increase α-tubulin acetylation, endoplasmic reticulum (ER)–mitochondrial overlay, and restore the axonal transport defects in patient-derived MNs.
High-throughput screens using photo-highlighting discover BMP signaling in mitochondrial lipid oxidation
Authors: Yu Yong , Mutlu Ayse Sena , Liu Harrison , Wang Meng C.
Published: October 2017

High-throughput screens at microscopic resolution can uncover molecular mechanisms of cellular dynamics, but remain technically challenging in live multicellular organisms. Here we present a genetic screening method using photo-highlighting for candidate selection on microscopes. We apply this method to stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy and systematically identify 57 Caenorhabditis elegans mutants with altered lipid distribution. Four of these mutants target the components of the Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP) signaling pathway, revealing that BMP signaling inactivation causes exhaustion of lipid reserves in somatic tissues. Using SRS-based isotope tracing assay to quantitatively track lipid synthesis and mobilization, we discover that the BMP signaling mutants have increased rates of lipid mobilization. Furthermore, this increase is associated with the induction of mitochondrial β-oxidation and mitochondrial fusion. Together these studies demonstrate a photo-highlighting microscopic strategy for genome-scale screens, leading to the discovery of new roles for BMP signaling in linking mitochondrial homeostasis and lipid metabolism.
Quasi-two-dimensional superconductivity from dimerization of atomically ordered AuTe2Se4/3 cubes
Authors: Guo J. G. , Chen X. , Jia X. Y. , Zhang Q. H. , Liu N. , Lei H. C. , Li S. Y. , Gu L. , Jin S. F. , Chen X. L.
Published: October 2017

The emergent phenomena such as superconductivity and topological phase transitions can be observed in strict two-dimensional (2D) crystalline matters. Artificial interfaces and one atomic thickness layers are typical 2D materials of this kind. Although having 2D characters, most bulky layered compounds, however, do not possess these striking properties. Here, we report quasi-2D superconductivity in bulky AuTe2Se4/3, where the reduction in dimensionality is achieved through inducing the elongated covalent Te–Te bonds. The atomic-resolution images reveal that the Au, Te, and Se are atomically ordered in a cube, among which are Te–Te bonds of 3.18 and 3.28 Å. The superconductivity at 2.85 K is discovered, which is unraveled to be the quasi-2D nature owing to the Berezinsky–Kosterlitz–Thouless topological transition. The nesting of nearly parallel Fermi sheets could give rise to strong electron–phonon coupling. It is proposed that further depleting the thickness could result in more topologically-related phenomena.
MKK6 controls T3-mediated browning of white adipose tissue
Authors: Matesanz Nuria , Bernardo Edgar , Acín-Pérez Rebeca , Manieri Elisa , Pérez-Sieira Sonia , Hernández-Cosido Lourdes , Montalvo-Romeral Valle , Mora Alfonso , Rodríguez Elena , Leiva-Vega Luis , Lechuga-Vieco Ana Victoria , Ruiz-Cabello Jesús , Torres Jorge L. , Crespo-Ruiz Maria , Centeno Francisco , Álvarez Clara V. , Marcos Miguel , Enríquez Jose Antonio , Nogueiras Ruben , Sabio Guadalupe
Published: October 2017

Increasing the thermogenic capacity of adipose tissue to enhance organismal energy expenditure is considered a promising therapeutic strategy to combat obesity. Here, we report that expression of the p38 MAPK activator MKK6 is elevated in white adipose tissue of obese individuals. Using knockout animals and shRNA, we show that Mkk6 deletion increases energy expenditure and thermogenic capacity of white adipose tissue, protecting mice against diet-induced obesity and the development of diabetes. Deletion of Mkk6 increases T3-stimulated UC﻿P1 expression in adipocytes, thereby increasing their thermogenic capacity. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that, in white adipose tissue, p38 is activated by an alternative pathway involving AMPK, TAK, and TAB. Our results identify MKK6 in adipocytes as a potential therapeutic target to reduce obesity.
SHH signaling directed by two oral epithelium-specific enhancers controls tooth and oral development
Authors: Sagai Tomoko , Amano Takanori , Maeno Akiteru , Kiyonari Hiroshi , Seo Hyejin , Cho Sung-Won , Shiroishi Toshihiko
Published: October 2017

Interaction between the epithelium and mesenchyme coordinates patterning and differentiation of oral cavity structures including teeth, palatal rugae and tongue papillae. SHH is one of the key signaling molecules for this interaction. Epithelial expression of Shh in the tooth buds and tongue papillae is regulated by at least two enhancers, MRCS1 and MFCS4. However, it is unclear how the two enhancers cooperate to regulate Shh. Here, we found that simultaneous deletion of MRCS1 and MFCS4 results in the formation of a supernumerary tooth in front of the first molar. Since deletion of either single enhancer barely affects tooth development, MRCS1 and MFCS4 evidently act in a redundant fashion. Binding motifs for WNT signaling mediators are shared by MRCS1 and MFCS4, and play a central role in regulating Shh expression, indicating that the two redundant enhancers additively exert their Shh regulation by responding to WNT signal input.
Operando Multi-modal Synchrotron Investigation for Structural and Chemical Evolution of Cupric Sulfide (CuS) Additive in Li-S battery
Authors: Sun Ke , Zhao Chonghang , Lin Cheng-Hung , Stavitski Eli , Williams Garth J. , Bai Jianming , Dooryhee Eric , Attenkofer Klaus , Thieme Juergen , Chen-Wiegart Yu-chen Karen , Gan Hong
Published: October 2017

Conductive metal sulfides are promising multi-functional additives for future lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries. These can increase the sulfur cathode’s electrical conductivity to improve the battery’s power capability, as well as contribute to the overall cell-discharge capacity. This multi-functional electrode design showed initial promise; however, complicated interactions at the system level are accompanied by some detrimental side effects. The metal sulfide additives with a chemical conversion as the reaction mechanism, e.g., CuS and FeS2, can increase the theoretical capacity of the Li-S system. However, these additives may cause undesired parasitic reactions, such as the dissolution of the additive in the electrolyte. Studying such complex reactions presents a challenge because it requires experimental methods that can track the chemical and structural evolution of the system during an electrochemical process. To address the fundamental mechanisms in these systems, we employed an operando multimodal x-ray characterization approach to study the structural and chemical evolution of the metal sulfide—utilizing powder diffraction and fluorescence imaging to resolve the former and absorption spectroscopy the latter—during lithiation and de-lithiation of a Li-S battery with CuS as the multi-functional cathode additive. The resulting elucidation of the structural and chemical evolution of the system leads to a new description of the reaction mechanism.
Robust quantum switch with Rydberg excitations
Authors: Qian Jing
Published: October 2017

We develop an approach to realize a quantum switch for Rydberg excitation in atoms with Y- typed level configuration. We find that the steady population on two different Rydberg states can be reversibly exchanged in a controllable way by properly tuning the Rydberg-Rydberg interaction. Moreover, our numerical simulations verify that the switching scheme is robust against spontaneous decay, environmental disturbance, as well as the duration of operation on the interaction, and also a high switching efficiency is quite attainable, which makes it have potential applications in quantum information processing and other Rydberg-based quantum technologies.
Polydopamine-Laced Biomimetic Material Stimulation of Bone Marrow Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells to Promote Osteogenic Effects
Authors: Lee Dong Joon , Lee Yan-Ting , Zou Rui , Daniel Renie , Ko Ching-Chang
Published: October 2017

A hydroxyapatite-collagen (HC) composite material can mimic composition and ultra-structures of natural bone and provide adequate bioactive material-tissue interactions. Incorporation of dopamine (DA) is one of keys in increasing the mechanical strength of the HC material to approaching that of cortical bone. In this study, the in vitro osteogenic effects of polydopamine-laced hydroxyapatite collagen calcium silicate (HCCS-PDA) were examined by culturing rat mesenchymal stem cells (rMSCs) on HCCS-PDA and HCCS coated plates. HCCS-PDA group demonstrated less cytotoxic from Live/Dead cytotoxic assay and displayed higher cell attachment, proliferation and mineralization than the HCCS group in vitro. For in vivo bone regeneration, HCCS-PDA or HCCS particulates with or without rMSC aggregates were implanted into rat critical-sized calvarial defects (CSD). After 12 weeks, calvarial bone regeneration was evaluated radiographically, histologically, and histomorphometrically. While the majority of new bone formation occurred around the HCCS-PDA particulates with rMSC aggregates, The HCCS-PDA particulates without rMSC aggregates showed limited osteoconductivity. HCCS with or without rMSC aggregates resulted in less bone formation, indicating a prominent role of DA in effective bone regeneration. Therefore, the HCCS-PDA biomaterial with the aid of rMSCs can be used to develop therapeutic strategies in bone tissue engineering with numerable clinical applications.
Elevated levels of CCR6+ T helper 22 cells correlate with skin and renal impairment in systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Zhong Wei , Jiang Yanfang , Ma Hongshuang , Wu Jiang , Jiang Zhenyu , Zhao Ling
Published: October 2017

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease with a variety of pathological features. Our study investigated the potential role of CCR6+ T cells in organ impairment of SLE patients. We analyzed CCR6+/− T cell subset populations and compared the concentrations of IL-22, IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-17A cytokines in 67 patients with newly diagnosed SLE and 26 healthy controls. We found that SLE patients had elevated percentages of CCR6+ T, CCR6+ Th22, Th17, Th17.1, and CCR6− Th2 cell subsets, along with increased concentrations of IL-22, IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-17 cytokines. Higher levels of CCR6+ T and CCR6+ Th22 cells, along with plasma IL-22 were observed in SLE patients with sole skin and/or renal impairment. The percentage of Th22 cells also correlated with Revised Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus Disease Area and Severity Index (RCLASI) and IgG levels, and inversely correlated with C3 levels in SLE patients with sole skin impairment. SLE patients with sole renal impairment showed a correlation between the percentage of Th22 cells and ESR levels. Our data indicated that CCR6+ Th22 cells may contribute to the pathogenesis of new onset SLE patients with skin or renal impairment, and CCR6 may, thus, be a possible therapeutic target for SLE treatment.
Plasma-Generated OH Radical Production for Analyzing Three-Dimensional Structure in Protein Therapeutics
Authors: Minkoff Benjamin B. , Blatz Joshua M. , Choudhury Faraz A. , Benjamin Daniel , Shohet J. Leon , Sussman Michael R.
Published: October 2017

Protein three-dimensional structure dynamically changes in solution depending on the presence of ligands and interacting proteins. Methods for detecting these changes in protein conformation include ‘protein footprinting,’ using mass spectrometry. We describe herein a new technique, PLIMB (Plasma Induced Modification of Biomolecules), that generates µs bursts of hydroxyl radicals from water, to measure changes in protein structure via altered solvent accessibility of amino acid side chains. PLIMB was first benchmarked with model compounds, and then applied to a biological problem, i.e., ligand (EGF) induced changes in the conformation of the external (ecto) domain of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR). Regions in which oxidation decreased upon adding EGF fall along the dimerization interface, consistent with models derived from crystal structures. These results demonstrate that plasma-generated hydroxyl radicals from water can be used to map protein conformational changes, and provide a readily accessible means of studying protein structure in solution.
Aerial photography based census of Adélie Penguin and its application in CH4 and N2O budget estimation in Victoria Land, Antarctic
Authors: He Hong , Cheng Xiao , Li Xianglan , Zhu Renbin , Hui Fengming , Wu Wenhui , Zhao Tiancheng , Kang Jing , Tang Jianwu
Published: October 2017

Penguin guano provides favorable conditions for production and emission of greenhouse gases (GHGs). Many studies have been conducted to determine the GHG fluxes from penguin colonies, however, at regional scale, there is still no accurate estimation of total GHG emissions. We used object-based image analysis (OBIA) method to estimate the Adélie penguin (Pygoscelis adeliae) population based on aerial photography data. A model was developed to estimate total GHG emission potential from Adélie penguin colonies during breeding seasons in 1983 and 2012, respectively. Results indicated that OBIA method was effective for extracting penguin information from aerial photographs. There were 17,120 and 21,183 Adélie penguin breeding pairs on Inexpressible Island in 1983 and 2012, respectively, with overall accuracy of the estimation of 76.8%. The main reasons for the increase in Adélie penguin populations were attributed to increase in temperature, sea ice and phytoplankton. The average estimated CH4 and N2O emissions tended to be increasing during the period from 1983 to 2012 and CH4 was the main GHG emitted from penguin colonies. Total global warming potential (GWP) of CH4 and N2O emissions was 5303 kg CO2-eq in 1983 and 6561 kg CO2-eq in 2012, respectively.
Ubiquitous transient stagnant domain formation during thermal convection in a well-mixed two component fluid with large viscosity difference
Authors: Kobayashi Kazuya U. , Kurita Rei
Published: October 2017

The formation of a transient stagnant domain in the presence of thermal convection was previously reported near the sol-gel transition temperature of a gelatin solution. The transient stagnant domain is observed near a critical Rayleigh number where a "roll" pattern is usually stable. It is important to understand the origin of the transient stagnant domain formation since it induces a large deformation of convection patterns; the nature of the formation of the transient stagnant domain remains unclear. Here, we observe thermal convection using several different fluids and find that stagnant domain formation is ubiquitous in two component mixtures. In addition, we find that difference in viscosity between the two components is crucial for transient stagnant domain formation, more so than the concentration gradient induced by the temperature gradient.
Controlled Deposition of Particles in Porous Media for Effective Aquifer Nanoremediation
Authors: Bianco Carlo , Patiño Higuita Janis Eneida , Tosco Tiziana , Tiraferri Alberto , Sethi Rajandrea
Published: October 2017

In this study, a model assisted strategy is developed to control the distribution of colloids in porous media in the framework of nanoremediation, an innovative environmental nanotechnology aimed at reclaiming contaminated aquifers. This approach is exemplified by the delivery of humic acid-stabilized iron oxide nanoparticles (FeOx), a typical reagent for in situ immobilization of heavy metals. By tuned sequential injections of FeOx suspensions and of solutions containing a destabilizing agent (i.e. calcium or magnesium), the two fronts, which advance at different rates, overlap at the target location (i.e., the central portion) of the porous systems. Here, the particles deposit and accumulate irreversibly, creating a reactive zone. An analytical expression predicting the position of the clustering zone in 1D systems is derived from first principles of advective-dispersive transport. Through this equation, the sequence and duration of the injection of the different solutions in the medium is assessed. The model robustness is demonstrated by its successful application to various systems, comprising the use of different sands or immobilizing cations, both in 1D and 2D geometries. The method represents an advancement in the control of nanomaterial fate in the environment, and could enhance nanoremediation making it an effective alternative to more conventional techniques.
Structure and function of the alternatively spliced isoforms of the ecdysone receptor gene in the Chinese mitten crab, Eriocheir sinensis
Authors: Chen Xiaowen , Wang Jun , Yue Wucheng , Huang Shu , Chen Jiao , Chen Yipei , Wang Chenghui
Published: October 2017

Alternative splicing is an essential molecular mechanism that increase the protein diversity of a species to regulate important biological processes.Ecdysone receptor(EcR), an essential nuclear receptor, is essential in the molting, growth, development, reproduction, and regeneration of crustaceans. In this study, the whole sequence ofEcRgene fromEriocheir sinensiswas obtained. The sequence was 45,481 bp in length with 9 exons. Moreover, four alternatively splicedEcRisoforms (Es-EcR-1, Es-EcR-2, Es-EcR-3andEs-EcR-4) were identified. The four isoforms harbored a common A/B domain and a DNA-binding region but different D domains and ligand-binding regions. Three alternative splicing patterns (alternative 5′ splice site, exon skipping, and intron retention) were identified in the four isoforms. Functional studies indicated that the four isoforms have specific functions.Es-EcR-3may play essential roles in regulating periodic molting.Es-EcR-2may participate in the regulation of ovarian development. Our results indicated thatEs-EcRhas broad regulatory functions in molting and development and established the molecular basis for the investigation of ecdysteroid signaling related pathways inE. sinensis.
A self-avoiding walk with neural delays as a model of fixational eye movements
Authors: Herrmann Carl J. J. , Metzler Ralf , Engbert Ralf
Published: October 2017

Fixational eye movements show scaling behaviour of the positional mean-squared displacement with a characteristic transition from persistence to antipersistence for increasing time-lag. These statistical patterns were found to be mainly shaped by microsaccades (fast, small-amplitude movements). However, our re-analysis of fixational eye-movement data provides evidence that the slow component (physiological drift) of the eyes exhibits scaling behaviour of the mean-squared displacement that varies across human participants. These results suggest that drift is a correlated movement that interacts with microsaccades. Moreover, on the long time scale, the mean-squared displacement of the drift shows oscillations, which is also present in the displacement auto-correlation function. This finding lends support to the presence of time-delayed feedback in the control of drift movements. Based on an earlier non-linear delayed feedback model of fixational eye movements, we propose and discuss different versions of a new model that combines a self-avoiding walk with time delay. As a result, we identify a model that reproduces oscillatory correlation functions, the transition from persistence to antipersistence, and microsaccades.
Identification of PTPN1 as a novel negative regulator of the JNK MAPK pathway using a synthetic screening for pathway-specific phosphatases
Authors: Moon Jiyoung , Ha Jain , Park Sang-Hyun
Published: October 2017

The mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling cascades transmit extracellular stimulations to generate various cellular responses via the sequential and reversible phosphorylation of kinases. Since the strength and duration of kinase phosphorylation within the pathway determine the cellular response, both kinases and phosphatases play an essential role in the precise control of MAPK pathway activation and attenuation. Thus, the identification of pathway-specific phosphatases is critical for understanding the functional mechanisms by which the MAPK pathway is regulated. To identify phosphatases specific to the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) MAPK pathway, a synthetic screening approach was utilized in which phosphatases were individually tethered to the JNK pathway specific-JIP1 scaffold protein. Of 77 mammalian phosphatases tested, PTPN1 led to the inhibition of JNK pathway activation. Further analyses revealed that of three pathway member kinases, PTPN1 directly dephosphorylates JNK, the terminal kinase of the pathway, and negatively regulates the JNK MAPK pathway. Specifically, PTPN1 appears to regulate the overall signaling magnitude, rather than the adaptation timing, suggesting that PTPN1 might be involved in the control and maintenance of signaling noise. Finally, the negative regulation of the JNK MAPK pathway by PTPN1 was found to reduce the tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα)-dependent cell death response.
Functional maturation in preterm infants measured by serial recording of cortical activity
Authors: Stevenson N. J. , Oberdorfer L. , Koolen N. , O’Toole J. M. , Werther T. , Klebermass-Schrehof K. , Vanhatalo S.
Published: October 2017

Minimally invasive, automated cot-side tools for monitoring early neurological development can be used to guide individual treatment and benchmark novel interventional studies. We develop an automated estimate of the EEG maturational age (EMA) for application to serial recordings in preterm infants. The EMA estimate was based on a combination of 23 computational features estimated from both the full EEG recording and a period of low EEG activity (46 features in total). The combination function (support vector regression) was trained using 101 serial EEG recordings from 39 preterm infants with a gestational age less than 28 weeks and normal neurodevelopmental outcome at 12 months of age. EEG recordings were performed from 24 to 38 weeks post-menstrual age (PMA). The correlation between the EMA and the clinically determined PMA at the time of EEG recording was 0.936 (95%CI: 0.932–0.976; n = 39). All infants had an increase in EMA between the first and last EEG recording and 57/62 (92%) of repeated measures within an infant had an increasing EMA with PMA of EEG recording. The EMA is a surrogate measure of age that can accurately determine brain maturation in preterm infants.
Colloidal Force Study of Particle Fouling on Gas Capture Membrane
Authors: Zhang Lin , Hu Bin , Song Hang , Yang Linjun , Ba Long
Published: October 2017

Membrane fouling induced by industrial flue gas deteriorates their gas capturing efficiency, which is mainly caused by the adhesion of aerosol particles. To fully understand the mechanism of membrane fouling, a quantitative study of the adhesion force of particle on membrane surface was investigated by atomic force microscopy (AFM). The adhesion force of a single particle with flat glass, silicon wafer, PP (polypropylene) membrane, and fly-ash particles were measured within the relative humidity (RH) of 0 ~ 85%. The results showed the adhesion force of a particle with membrane have not much difference from the glass and silica wafer. And the surface roughness of flat substrate has slight effect on the adhesion force of the micrometer scale particle on flat surface at dry condition, while measured adhesion forces show obvious RH dependent for glass and membrane. Additionally, at dry conditions, the adhesion force of inter-particles also shows no obvious quantitative difference but obvious scattering comparing to that on membrane. The adhesion force of inter-particles increased more higher with the RH than that on membrane, which indicates the adhesion between micrometer scale particles can accelerate the deposition of particles on membrane and contributes the most to membrane fouling in industry atmosphere.
Dissecting how modular polyketide synthase ketoreductases interact with acyl carrier protein-attached substrates
Authors: Moretto Luisa , Vance Steven , Heames Brennan , Broadhurst R. William
Published: October 2017

Interaction studies show that KR domains possess a generic binding site for ACP domains and provide evidence that the 5′-phosphopantetheine prosthetic group plays a key role in delivering acyl substrates to the active site in the correct orientation.
Chemically reprogrammable metal organic frameworks (MOFs) based on Diels–Alder chemistry
Authors: Nayab Sana , Trouillet Vanessa , Gliemann Hartmut , Hurrle Silvana , Weidler Peter G. , Rashid Tariq Saadia , Goldmann Anja S. , Barner-Kowollik Christopher , Yameen Basit
Published: October 2017

We pioneer a new class of reprogrammable MOFs able to switch their interlattice chemistry via a facile Diels–Alder based cycloreversion process.
A DFT study unveils the secret of how H2 is activated in the N-formylation of amines with CO2 and H2 catalyzed by Ru(ii) pincer complexes in the absence of exogenous additives
Authors: Lu Yu , Liu Zheyuan , Guo Jiandong , Qu Shuanglin , Zhao Ruihua , Wang Zhi-Xiang
Published: October 2017

DFT computations unraveled a new H2 activation mechanism used by Ru(ii) pincer complexes to catalyze the N-formylation of amines with CO2 and H2 in the absence of external additives.
A new molecular design based on hybridized local and charge transfer fluorescence for highly efficient (>6%) deep-blue organic light emitting diodes
Authors: Kumar Konidena Rajendra , Justin Thomas K. R. , Kumar Dubey Deepak , Sahoo Snehasis , Jou Jwo-Huei
Published: October 2017

A new molecular design featuring a carbazole-derivative as an acceptor and a triphenylamine donor and displaying hybridized local and charge transfer (HLCT) fluorescence is demonstrated.
Over two-orders of magnitude enhancement of the photocatalytic hydrogen evolution activity of carbon nitride via mediator-free decoration with gold-organic microspheres
Authors: Zhang Qiaoli , Yang Shengyang , Yin Su-Na , Xue Huaiguo
Published: October 2017

A Pt and mediator free route was developed to achieve binary sized AuNPs in g-C3N4for enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen generation.
The reaction of Criegee intermediates with acids and enols
Authors: Vereecken L.
Published: October 2017

The fast reaction of Criegee intermediates with acids is enabled by 1,4-insertion, relying on the double bond next to the acidic OH group.
Effect of fluorine substitution and position on phenylene spacer in carbazole based organic sensitizers for dye sensitized solar cells
Authors: Adil Afroz Mohammad , Sonigara Keval K. , Bhim Raju Telugu , Soni Saurabh S. , Krishnan Iyer Parameswar
Published: October 2017

The study on specific positions of fluorine substitution on phenylene spacer in organic dyes illustrated that ortho-substitution resulted in the improved power conversion efficiency of >4%.
Anionic ribose related species explored through PES experiments, DFT calculations, and through comparison with anionic fructose species
Authors: Zeng Zhen , Bernstein Elliot R.
Published: October 2017

Generation of (ribose-H)− is dependent on deposition substrates, while generation of two types of (ribose-H2O)− isomers (open chain) is not.
Ferritin nanocages loaded with gold ions induce oxidative stress and apoptosis in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells
Authors: Monti Daria Maria , Ferraro Giarita , Petruk Ganna , Maiore Laura , Pane Francesca , Amoresano Angela , Cinellu Maria Agostina , Merlino Antonello
Published: October 2017

Au2phen- and Auoxo4-encapsulated Ferritin nanocages were characterized.
Highly versatile heteroditopic ligand scaffolds for accommodating group 8, 9 & 11 heterobimetallic complexes
Authors: Gatus Mark R. D. , Bhadbhade Mohan , Messerle Barbara A.
Published: October 2017

Two highly versatile xanthene scaffolds containing pairs of heteroditopic ligands were found to be capable of accommodating a range of transition metal ions, including Au(i), Ir(i), Ir(iii), Rh(i), and Ru(ii) to generate an array of heterobimetallic complexes.
Chiral self-assembly of fullerene clusters on CT-DNA templates
Authors: Kulala Vittala Sandeepa , Joseph Joshy
Published: October 2017

Fullerene nanoclusters with a unique cluster size (3–5 nm) interact with DNA forming chiral assemblies, thus perturbing the highly networked structure of CT-DNA.
Halogen bonding, chalcogen bonding, pnictogen bonding, tetrel bonding: origins, current status and discussion
Authors: Brammer Lee
Published: October 2017

The role of the closing lecture in a Faraday Discussion is to summarise the contributions made to the Discussion over the course of the meeting and in so doing capture the main themes that have arisen. This article is based upon my Closing Remarks Lecture at the 203rdFaraday Discussion meeting on Halogen Bonding in Supramolecular and Solid State Chemistry, held in Ottawa, Canada, on 10–12thJuly, 2017. The Discussion included papers on fundamentals and applications of halogen bonding in the solid state and solution phase. Analogous interactions involving main group elements outside group 17 were also examined. In the closing lecture and in this article these contributions have been grouped into the four themes: (a) fundamentals, (b) beyond the halogen bond, (c) characterisation, and (d) applications. The lecture and paper also include a short reflection on past work that has a bearing on the Discussion.
Imidazolium-based polyionic liquid absorbents for bioproduct recovery
Authors: Bacon Stuart L. , Ross Rachel J. , Daugulis Andrew J. , Parent J. Scott
Published: October 2017

Solid imidazolium-based polyionic liquids (PILs; a class of polyelectrolyte) were synthesized for the absorption ofn-butanol and other inhibitory biosynthesis products from dilute aqueous solutions.
Development of highly active anti-Pneumocystisbisbenzamidines: insight into the influence of selected substituents on thein vitroactivity
Authors: Maciejewska D. , Żabiński J. , Rezler M. , Kaźmierczak P. , Collins M. S. , Ficker L. , Cushion M. T.
Published: October 2017

A detailed SAR study with 21 pentamidine analogues was undertaken. Four new leading structures were identified.
Expression of fluorescence properties by self-PET (photo-induced electron transfer) suppression both in solution and in the solid state
Authors: Ooyama Yousuke , Sugino Michitaka , Ohshita Joji
Published: October 2017

An-SO3H which is constructed from a PET (photo-induced electron transfer)-based structure expresses fluorescence properties due to the self-PET suppression both in the solution and in the solid-state.
The regioselectivity in the platinum-catalyzed domino reaction to access alkynylated indoles: a theoretical study
Authors: Han Lingli , Nie Ling , Liu Tao
Published: October 2017

The origin of substrate-controlled regioselectivity was rationalized by NBO analysis.
The optoelectronic properties of organic materials based on triphenylamine that are relevant to organic solar photovoltaic cells
Authors: Bourass Mohamed , Touimi Benjelloun Adil , Benzakour Mohammed , Mcharfi Mohammed , Jhilal Fayssal , Hamidi Mohammed , Bouachrine Mohammed
Published: October 2017

A triphenylamine compound bridged with a pyrazine derivative was characterized theoretically using DFT and TD-DFT as a promising acceptor in BHJs.
Synthesis of monoalkylidene diketopiperazines and application to the synthesis of barettin
Authors: Kelley Elizabeth W. , Norman Skylar G. , Scheerer Jonathan R.
Published: October 2017

Synthesis of barettin, a selective serotonin receptor inhibitor and potent antibiofouling natural product.
Polymer-grafted magnetic microspheres for enhanced removal of methylene blue from aqueous solutions
Authors: Xu Bincheng , Zheng Chaofan , Zheng Huaili , Wang Yili , Zhao Chun , Zhao Chuanliang , Zhang Shixin
Published: October 2017

Chitosan/magnetite composite microspheres were grafted with polymer by graft polymerization of 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid and acrylic acid onto their surface and then applied for the removal of methylene blue from aqueous solutions.
Deformation of the contact line around spherical particles bound at anisotropic fluid interfaces
Authors: Şenbil Nesrin , Dinsmore Anthony D.
Published: October 2017

A fluid interface with anisotropic curvature creates a measurable deformation of the contact line around a spherical particle.
Facile control of metal nanoparticles from isolated nanoparticles to aggregated clusters on two-dimensional graphene to form optical limiters
Authors: Zheng Chan , Lei Li , Huang Jiaxin , Chen Wenzhe , Li Wei , Wang Haiyan , Huang Li , Huang Dongdong
Published: October 2017

The NLO responses of graphene can be effectively modified by altering the aggregation state of metal NPs on its surface.
DKG-Präsident Reumann im Interview: Der Bund muss mit ins Boot
Authors: Mau Jens
Published: October 2017

Thomas Reumann tritt nach drei Jahren als DKG-Präsident nicht zur Wiederwahl an. Im Interview mit kma erklärt der Reutlinger Landrat, warum er „Adieu“ sagt, weshalb die Krankenhausplanung auf neue Füße gestellt werden muss und wieso die Instandhaltung des Schienennetzes ein Vorbild für das Gesundheitswesen sein sollte.
Entscheider-Reise 2017: Was machen eigentlich die Amerikaner?
Authors: Reiter Michael , Bauer Mirjam
Published: October 2017

Eine deutschsprachige Delegation besuchte im Juli herausragende Gesundheitseinrichtungen in San Diego (USA). Das Ziel der 30 Klinikgeschäftsführer, IT-Leiter, Verbands- und Industrievertreter sowie Berater: die Strategien ihrer US-Kollegen mit Ansätzen im deutschsprachigen Markt zu vergleichen und Anregungen für eigene Strategien mitzunehmen.
Mangel an Pflegekräften: Kliniken brauchen mehr Pflegepersonal – doch woher nehmen, wenn nicht stehlen?
Authors: Sickinger Nina
Published: October 2017

Durch die norddeutsche Presse gingen im August markige Schlagzeilen: Von „akutem Pflegenotstand“ und „Kannibalismus unter Kliniken“ war die Rede. Stationen, die schließen und Operationen, die abgesagt werden müssen. Kliniken, die massiv versuchen, Mitarbeiter abzuwerben, und Prämien ausloben, wenn hauseigene Kräfte Kollegen aus anderen Häusern vermitteln. Das kann doch keine Lösung sein!
Margarethe Max: Immer mehr auf Augenhöhe: Pflegekräfte und Ärzte
Authors: Sickinger Nina
Published: October 2017

AUSLÄNDISCHE MITARBEITER BERICHTEN AUS DEUTSCHEN KLINIKEN Margarethe Max (52) stammt aus Polen und arbeitet seit 29 Jahren als examinierte Krankenschwester in Deutschland. Als sie ihre erste Stelle hierzulande antrat, war sie verblüfft, wie fantastisch die deutschen Kliniken im Gegensatz zu den polnischen ausgestattet waren.
Where does the One-Repetition Maximum Exist on the Force-Velocity Relationship in Squat?
Authors: Rivière Jean , Rossi Jérémy , Jimenez-Reyes Pedro , Morin Jean-Benoit , Samozino Pierre
Published: October 2017

The aim was to determine the position of the one-repetition maximum (1RM) squat point on the force-velocity (F-V) relationship obtained during squat jump (SJ). Ten healthy athletes performed a 1RM squat during which ground reaction force and lower-limb extension velocity were measured, and six loaded SJs to determine individual F-V relationship. The goodness of fit of the linear F-V relationship with or without the 1RM point was tested. The vertical and horizontal coordinates were determined relative to the theoretical maximal force (F0) and the highest loaded SJ (load of 44.5±4.6% 1RM). The goodness of fit of the individual F-V relationship did not differ with or without the 1RM condition, even if the 1RM point was slightly below the curve (−5±5%, P=0.018). The 1RM point can be considered as a point of the F-V relationship. The velocity (0.22±0.05 m.s−1) of the 1RM point corresponded to ~30% of the velocity reached during the highest loaded SJ. The force developed in the 1RM condition was ~16% higher than during the highest loaded SJ and ~11% lower than F0. This finding underlines the difference between F0 and the 1RM condition.
Vor 150 Jahren begann der Emanzipationskampf der
Homosexuellen
Authors: Sigusch Volkmar
Published: October 2017

Der Autor erinnert gelegentlich des 75. Geburtstages von Martin Dannecker, einem
Nachfahren von Karl Heinrich Ulrichs (1825–1895) im Kampf um die Emanzipation
der Homosexuellen, daran, dass Ulrichs vor 150 Jahren diesen Kampf begonnen hat.
Seine damals historisch einzigartige Tat war eine Rede, die er am 29. August
1867 auf dem Sechsten Deutschen Juristentag in München vor mehr als 500
deutschen Juristen gehalten hat. Sigusch bezeichnet Ulrichs als „historisch
vorzeitigen Schwulen“ und erinnert daran, dass die Homosexuellen in unserer
Kultur Steinigung, Zuchthaus, Folter und KZ ausgesetzt waren und immer noch in
vielen Ländern um ihre Menschenrechte kämpfen müssen.
Training Shoes do not Decrease the Negative Work of the Lower Extremity Joints
Authors: Hashizume Satoru , Murai Akihiko , Hobara Hiroaki , Kobayashi Yoshiyuki , Tada Mitsunori , Mochimaru Masaaki
Published: October 2017

Different types of running shoes may have different influence on the negative work of each lower extremity joint. Clarifying this influence can reduce the potential risk of muscle injury. The present study examined the difference in the negative work and associated kinetic and kinematic parameters of the lower extremity joints between training shoes and racing flats during the contact phase of running. Participants were asked to run on a runway at a speed of 3.0 m·s-1 for both training shoes and racing flats. The negative work and associated kinetic and kinematic parameters of each lower extremity joint were calculated. No difference was found in the negative work of the hip and ankle joints between the two types of running shoes. Meanwhile, the negative work of the knee joint was significantly greater for training shoes than for racing flats. This aspect was related to a longer duration of the negative power of the knee joint with the invariant amplitude of the negative power, moment, and angular velocity. These results suggest a higher potential risk of muscle injury around the knee joint for training shoes than for racing flats.
Kinetic Sprint Asymmetries on a non-motorised Treadmill in Rugby Union Athletes
Authors: Brown Scott , Cross Matt , Girard Olivier , Brocherie Franck , Samozino Pierre , Morin Jean-Benoît
Published: October 2017

The purpose of this study was to present a potential link between sprint kinetic (vertical [F
V] and horizontal force [F
H]) asymmetries and athletic performance during acceleration and maximal velocity (v
max) sprinting. Thirty un-injured male rugby athletes performed 8-s sprints on a non-motorised treadmill. Kinetic data were divided into ‘strong’ and ‘weak’ legs based on individually averaged peak values observed during sprinting and were analysed to evaluate asymmetry. Large differences were found between the strong and weak legs in F
H during acceleration (4.3 vs. 3.5 N·kg−1) and v
max (3.7 vs. 2.8 N·kg−1) sprinting (both ES=1.2), but not in F
V (21.8 vs. 20.8 N·kg−1, ES=− 0.6 for acceleration; 23.9 vs. 22.8 N·kg−1, ES=− 0.5 for v
max, respectively). Group mean asymmetry was lower in F
V compared to F
H during acceleration (1.6 vs. 6.8%) and v
max (1.6 vs. 8.2%). The range of asymmetry was much lower in F
V (0.03–4.3%) compared to F
H (0.2–28%). In un-injured rugby athletes, the magnitude and range of asymmetry scores in F
H, occurring during acceleration and v
max phases, where much greater than those found in F
V. These findings highlight the potential for some un-injured athletes to possess kinetic asymmetries known as crucial components for acceleration performance in sprinting.
Relationship between Force-Velocity Profiles and 1,500-m Ergometer Performance in Young Rowers
Authors: Giroux Caroline , Maciejewski Hugo , Ben-Abdessamie Amal , Chorin Frédéric , Lardy Julien , Ratel Sebastien , Rahmani Abderrahmane
Published: October 2017

Rowing races require developing high level of force and power output at high contraction velocity. This study determined the force-velocity and power-velocity (F-P-V) profiles of lower and upper limbs of adolescent rowers and their relationships with a 1,500-m rowing ergometer performance. The power developed during the 1,500-m (P1500) was evaluated in fourteen national-level male rowers (age: 15.3±0.6 yrs). F-P-V profiles were assessed during bench pull (BP) and squat jump (SJ) exercises. The theoretical maximal values of force (F0), velocity (V0), power output (Pmax) and the F-V relationship slope (S
FV
) were determined. The body mass (BM) influence on these relationships was considered using an allometric approach. F0 was 720±144 and 2146±405 N, V0 was 1.8±0.1 and 1.8±0.3 m·s−1, Pmax was 333±83 and 968±204 W and SFV was −391±54 and −1,200±260 N·s·m−1 for BP and SJ, respectively. Upper and lower limb F0 and Pmax were significantly related. P1500 was significantly (P<0.05) correlated to V0-BP, F0-BP, SFV-BP, Pmax-BP, F0-SJ and Pmax-SJ (r²=0.29 to 0.79). BM accounted for more than 90% of these relationships. Rowers’ F-P-V profiles reflect adaptations to chronic rowing practice. F-P-V profiles and rowing performance correlations suggest that BP and SJ exercises are relevant to evaluate young rowers’ explosive abilities.
Der Weg zum Atmungstherapeuten in Deutschland – Status quo und Entwicklungsperspektiven
Authors: Karg O.
Published: October 2017

Das Berufsbild des Atmungstherapeuten hat sich 10 Jahre nach seiner Einführung in Deutschland gut etabliert. 600 Teilnehmer haben die berufsbegleitenden Weiterbildungskurse absolviert. Unsere Ziele sind eine hochwertige interprofessionelle Zusammenarbeit und Unterstützung der Ärzte durch besonders qualifizierte Mitarbeiter einschließlich Delegation ursprünglich ärztlicher Aufgaben. Vergleichbar hierzu ist das Berufsbild des chirurgisch-technischen Assistenten. Für diesen gibt es unterschiedliche Qualifizierungswege: von der grundständigen Ausbildung über Weiterbildungslehrgänge bis hin zum Bachelor-Studium des Physician Assistant. Die Bundesärztekammer hat in den letzten Jahren Rahmenvorgaben für ein Delegationsmodell Physician Assistant zur Arztentlastung und -unterstützung erarbeitet und auf dem diesjährigen 120. Deutschen Ärztetag verabschiedet. Es ist zu erwarten, dass nunmehr die Zahl der Physician Assistants deutlich steigt. Die Deutsche Gesellschaft für Pneumologie und Beatmungsmedizin hält einen Physician Assistant mit Spezialfach Atmungstherapie für grundsätzlich vorstellbar. Ob allerdings die bisherigen Weiterbildungslehrgänge dadurch vollständig ersetzt werden, erscheint fraglich. Zumindest vorübergehend werden evtl. Weiterbildungskonzepte auf unterschiedlichem Niveau nebeneinander existieren. Hinzu kommt, dass zwischenzeitlich in einem Bundesland eine staatlich anerkannte Pflegefachweiterbildung Atmungstherapie eingeführt wurde. Zukünftige Interessenten haben die Qual der Wahl.
Acute Exercise and Insulin Sensitivity in Boys: A Time-Course Study
Authors: Cockcroft Emma , Williams Craig , Weaver Hayley , O'Connor Amy , Jackman Sarah , Armstrong Neil , Barker Alan
Published: October 2017

This study examined the time course of adaptions in insulin sensitivity (IS) in adolescent boys after acute high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) and moderate-intensity exercise (MIE). Eight boys (15.1±0.4 y) completed three 3-day experimental trials in a randomised order: 1) 8×1 min cycling at 90% peak power with 75 s recovery (HIIE); 2) cycling at 90% of gas exchange threshold for a duration to match work during HIIE (MIE); and 3) rest (CON). Plasma [glucose] and [insulin] were measured before (PRE-Ex), 24 and 48 h post (24 h-POST, 48 h-POST) in a fasted state, and 40 min (POST-Ex) and 24 h (24 h-POST) post in response to an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). IS was estimated using the Cederholm (OGTT) and HOMA (fasted) indices. There was no change to HOMA at 24 h or 48 h-POST (all P>0.05). IS from the OGTT was higher POST-EX for HIIE compared to CON (17.4%, P=0.010, ES=1.06), and a non-significant increase in IS after MIE compared to CON (9.0%, P=0.14, ES=0.59). At 24 h-POST, IS was higher following both HIIE and MIE compared to CON (HIIE: P=0.019, 13.2%, ES=0.88; MIE: 9.7%, P=0.024, ES=0.65). In conclusion, improvements to IS after a single bout of HIIE and MIE persist up to 24 h after exercise when assessed by OGTT.