bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Teatralny ekwiwalent literackiej autonarracji – przypadek Kronosu Krzysztofa Garbaczewskiego
Authors: Kowal Justyna
Published: December 2021

The main assumption of the article is the interpretation of Kronos based on Witold Gombrowicz’s private journal, directed by Krzysztof Garbaczewski in Teatr Polski in Wrocław (2013). The author also seeks forms of transmitting and receiving relations in Gombrowicz’s diarism, (both in his Dziennik and Kronos) which are significant for performing arts and used in Garbaczewski’s staging. The director treated the structure of the writer’s intimate diary as a kind of creative method, attempting to translate the idea of self-narration into the language of theatre. The structure of Garbaczewski’s performance reflects the heterogeneous composition of Gombrowicz’s Kronos, despite treating its content only as a pretext. Garbaczewski’s staging can also be called an anti-spectacle, in which the vivid boundary between reality and mimicry, truth and confabulation, aesthetics and obscenum, a phenomenal and semiotic body is blurred.
DENSITY CHALLENGES OF HIGH-RISE RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENT IN MALAYSIA
Authors: Husin Mohd Zamri , M. S. Usman Ismar , Suratman Robiah
Published: December 2021

Although the term ‘urbanisation’ was first coined in the 19th century, the phenomenon experienced a significant impact and received a lot of attention in the 21st century. One of the major results is density, causing effects such as excessive demand for residential buildings. To cope with the increasing urban population and limited land availability, cities can no longer opt for horizontal development strategies. Going vertical seems a practical solution, but it can lead to convoluted problems if it is not done with proper planning and mitigation measures at the preliminary stages of planning. This article describes the challenges of residential planning density for high-rise development in Malaysia using a systematic literature review on three identified real cases which separated by pre-development, post-development, and development control. The findings show the major challenges in pre-development and post development related to dissatisfaction with the increasing numbers of high-rise residences due to the increase in population and residential density. As a strategic development control, there must be uniformity in the act or law to control the development of this highrise residential. Thus, this article led to a better understanding of density related to high-rise residential development in Malaysia.
DECISION MAKING PRINCIPLES IN LAND DEVELOPMENT APPROVAL
Authors: Suliman Suhailizan , Samsudin Salfarina , Ahmad Mohd Hamdan
Published: December 2021

The inconsistency of legal coordination is one of the contributing factors in land use conflict. This scenario implicates various objections to the court due to the dissatisfaction of the landowners and developers with the decision of land development approval. In Malaysia, studies about land use conflict in land development conducted by previous researchers only cater on conflict factors and not in the perspective of its operational approach by the stakeholder. Therefore, this paper aims to identify the decision-making principles for decision-makers in grant land development approval. This paper adopts qualitative methods that consist of two types of data collection. The first method used was desk study analysis of ten (10) file cases of development application and the second method involved is an in-depth interview with selected respondents. The result from the analysis of ten (10) file cases determined the decision-making trends that were then cross-tabulated with the five principles of decision-making by using an indepth interview with the selected respondents. The result from the analysis indicates five principles of decision-making which is intuition, rational, power, factual, and experience. The findings of this paper contribute towards the aspects of strategic decision-making, decision-maker practices, and further research. A comprehensive decision-making principle will then minimise the risk of fallacy in decision-making.
SATISFACTION WITH LIFE AND HUMAN NEEDS FULFILLMENT
Authors: Abu Bakar Aisyah , Mohamed Osman Mariana
Published: December 2021

The two notions discussed in the paper are Life Satisfaction, under Subjective Well-Being (SWB) field; and Maslow hierarchy of human needs. Issue: Human needs satisfaction is not an all-or-nothing phenomenon. Individuals are not required to completely satisfy one need in order for the next need to appear in the hierarchy. Purpose: This paper aims to investigate the level of life satisfaction in relation to the difficulty and convenience of achieving human needs. Approach: Mann Whitney U-Tests were conducted to determine the mean of SWL across difficulty and convenient of fulfilling 24 human needs. These human needs are the necessities and life conditions commonly and widely struggled for. Findings: The ease with which the majority of human needs can be met increases life satisfaction significantly. The findings also revealed that for five human needs for which life satisfaction did not differ significantly, meeting these human needs was unlikely to influence life satisfaction. Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs classified these needs as biological and physiological needs, safety and security needs, and esteem needs.
АЛЬТЕРНАТИВНІ ПІДХОДИ ДО ЛІКУВАННЯ ІНСУЛІНОРЕЗИСТЕНТНОСТІ
Authors: Тихонова Тетяна , Бобкова Маргарита
Published: December 2021

Відповідно до сучасних уявлень, інсулінорезистентність (ІР) визначається як порушення біологічної відповіді на інсулінову стимуляцію тканин-мішеней. Незважаючи на можливе виникнення ІР як фізіологічної реакції, найчастіше ІР асоціюється з метаболічними зсувами та патологічними розладами, зокрема гіпотиреозом, хворобою / синдромом Кушинга, синдромом полікістозних яєчників, акромегалією, неалкогольною жировою хворобою печінки, хронічною хворобою нирок, деменцією а також із злоякісними новоутвореннями молочної залози, легень, простати та товстої кишки. З огляду на реалії сьогоднішнього дня, отримані переконливі докази несприятливого впливу зниженої чутливості до інсуліну на перебіг COVID-19. Водночас, серед широкого спектру патологічних станів, що поєднані з ІР, зниження чутливості до інсуліну асоціюється насамперед з метаболічним синдромом, серцево-судинними захворюваннями та цукровим діабетом 2 типу. Приймаючи до уваги багатофакторність ефектів ІР та її роль у розвитку та прогресуванні низки захворювань, на теперішній час обґрунтовується необхідність застосування активних профілактичних заходів і призначення цілеспрямованого лікування хворим з наявністю маркерів ІР. Насамперед, в якості лікувально-профілактичного заходів визначається нормалізація маси тіла хворого, оскільки ІР зазвичай поєднується з вісцеральним типом ожиріння. В якості немедикаментозних методів нормалізації маси тіла в сучасних рекомендаціях вказуються два основних підходи: дієтичний режим та адекватні стану здоров'я пацієнта дозовані фізичні навантаження. При поєднанні ІР і цукрового діабету призначаються цукрознижувальні препарати, що підвищують чутливість периферичних тканин до інсуліну, або, так звані сенсітайзери. В останні часи розглядається можливість використання дієтичних добавок в профілактиці та лікуванні багатьох захворювань, у тому числі ІР як при ізольованому її розвитку, так і в структурі коморбідної патології.  В цьому плані слід звернути увагу на продукт компанії ЕКСПЕРТ ФАРМА – GlucoCare™. Зазначений засіб містить унікальну комбінацію діючих речовин, що визначає багатогранність її ефектів, зокрема у лікуванні хворих з наявністю ІР.
Effect of low-intensity radiation on the morphological features of Peyer's plaque
Authors:   N.I. Pirogov RNRMU, Vasyanina K.A. , Klyueva L.A. ,   N.I. Pirogov RNRMU, Olsufieva A.V. ,   Synergy University, Shemyakov S.E. ,   N.I. Pirogov RNRMU, Zotkin D.A. ,   I.M. Sechenov First MSMU, Kosyreva A.M. ,   RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF HUMAN MORPHOLOGY, Vovkogon A.D. ,   I.M. Sechenov First MSMU, Timofeeva M.O. ,   I.M. Sechenov First MSMU, Kudryavtsev-Rashevsky D.V. ,   I.M. Sechenov First MSMU
Published: December 2021

Radiation has a negative impact on human health because of its high penetrating power. Mitoti-cally dividing cells and the lymphoid tissue of the gastrointestinal tract are most radiosensitive. The intestine is the major zone of sensitization and recycling of immunocytes that populate the mucous membranes of other organs. Immune-competent tissues of the digestive tract are repre-sented by lymphoid tissue, where the leading role belongs to Peyer's plaques-group accumula-tions of lymphoid tissue. The antigen-sensitized lymphocytes of Peyer's plaques migrate to the mesenteric lymph nodes, and from there through the lymphatic vessels through the thoracic duct and circulatory system and are directed to their own layer of the intestinal mucosa, mainly as IgA-secreting cells. This mechanism ensures the formation of clones of lymphocytes and the for-mation of specific antibodies in the areas of the mucous membrane that are remote from the fo-cus of primary sensitization. The important thing is that, unlike other lymphoid tissues that require infection or local immunization to form a germinal center, reproduction centers are always pre-sent in Peyer's plaques, regardless of the presence of infection.
Effects of hypersensitivity and induced radioresistance in CHO-K1 cells following exposure to gamma-rays and accelerated carbon ions
Authors:   A. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Centre – branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Centre of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (A. Tsyb MRRC), Koryakina E.V. , Potetnya V.I. ,   A. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Centre – branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Centre of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (A. Tsyb MRRC), Troshina M.V. ,   A. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Centre – branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Centre of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (A. Tsyb MRRC), Baykuzina R.M. ,   A. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Centre – branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Centre of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (A. Tsyb MRRC), Koryakin S.N. ,   A. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Centre – branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Centre of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (A. Tsyb MRRC), Kaprin A.D. ,   National Medical Research Radiological Centre of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (NMRRC)
Published: December 2021

The study presents results of investigations on chromosome aberrations (CA) yield in Chinese ham-ster ovary cells after exposure to gamma-rays and accelerated carbon ions (455 MeV/amu) at doses less than 1 Gy in the pristine Bragg curve plateau and behind the Bragg peak, where normal tissues are situated in the course of radiotherapy. Initial parts of dose curves for total CA and terminal deletions frequencies differed from linear-quadratic dependence and the region of induced radioresistance were observed at 0.1-0.6 Gy for gamma-rays. The similar curve shapes were detected for carbon ions, but plateau region was shorter (0.15-0.35 Gy). Despite the uniform shape of the dose curves for the CA yield, a definite dependence of the cytogenetic effect on the linear energy transfer (LET) is observed. The CA frequency increased with LET rising in the order: gamma-irradiation (0.2 keV/μm), carbon ions at the Bragg curve plateau (10-12 keV/μm) and at the «tail» of Bragg peak (25-27 keV/μm). Outside this range, the yield of chromosome aberrations also enhanced with increasing LET in the same order. The results obtained confirm that the hypersensitivity and induced radioresistance phenomena are characteristic for low level exposure to low-LET and middle-LET radiations when chromosome aberration test is used.
Effect of administration route on the biodistribution of albumin microspheres labelled with Re-188
Authors:   A. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Centre – branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Centre of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (A. Tsyb MRRC), Tishchenko V.K. , Petriev V.M. ,   A. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Centre – branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Centre of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (A. Tsyb MRRC),   National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Vlasova O.P. ,   A. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Centre – branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Centre of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (A. Tsyb MRRC), Stepchenkova E.D. ,   A. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Centre – branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Centre of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (A. Tsyb MRRC)
Published: December 2021

Nowadays the radiolabeled microspheres are established tools for radioembolization of primary and metastatic liver cancer. Human serum albumin microspheres (HSA) are unique carriers for selective and controlled radionuclide delivery to malignant tumors. Rhenium-188 (Re-188), which decays with beta particles (2.12 MeV (71.1%) and 1.965 MeV (25.6%) and gamma emission (155 keV (15.1%)) is one of the most available and promising generator-based radionuclide for cancer therapy. The purpose of this work was to study the biodistribution of microspheres based on hu-man serum albumin labeled with Re-188 (Re-188-HSA) in animals after different routes of admin-istration. The size of more than 95% of microspheres was 10-20 μm. The studies were carried out on outbred white mice and inbred C57BL/6 mice with transplanted Lewis adenocarcinoma after intravenous, intramuscular and intratumoral administration. After intravenous injection the high-est amount of Re-188-HSA in organs and tissues was observed: up to 311.3%/g in lungs, up to 74.30%/g in thyroid gland, up to 12.70%/g in liver, up to 0,81%/g in blood. After the intramuscular injection of 188Re-HSA, the concentration of 188Re-HSA in organs and tissues was significantly lower and did not exceed 1%/g, except for thyroid gland (1,10-17.80%/g). After intratumoral injec-tion the amount of Re-188-HSA in tumor varied from 16.7 to 26.8%/g, that was higher as compared with other organs and tissues. Thus, the routes of Re-188-HSA administration significantly affect its behavior in the body. The obtained results can be used to evaluate the Re-188-HSA potential for radionuclide tumor therapy after intravascular or intratumoral administration.
Potential of Coupling Heavy Metal (HM) Phytoremediation by Bioenergy Plants and Their Associated HM-Adapted Rhizosphere Microbiota (Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Plant Growth Promoting Microbes) for Bioenergy Production
Authors:   Grad Life Member Western Sydney University, Australia,Alumni Sydney University, Australia, Khan Abdul G.
Published: December 2021

There is growing concern for the contamination of our soils and waters worldwide with heavy metals (HMs), as a result of indiscriminate use of agrochemicals for feeding growing population which require optimal use of resources and sustainable agricultural strategies. This can be simultaneously achieved by using microbes as bio-fertilizers, bio-protectants, and bio-stimulants, and suitable phytoremediation- plant capable of removing heavy metals contaminants from contaminated sites. There is a growing need to adopt such environmentally safe, attractive, and economical techniques that can remove most HMs contaminants as well as yield high biomass for bioenergy production. Phytoremediation and the microbes associated with the roots and inhabiting rhizospheres of the plants used for this purpose, has emerged as an alternative strategy. This article reviews the principles and application of this strategy, and provides an overview of the use of fast growing, non-food bioenergy plants, like Vetiver grass and industrial hemp, and their root-associated microbiota such as Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF), Mycorrhiza Helping Bacteria (MHB), and Plant–Growth–Promoting-Rhizobia (PGPR) that can both tolerate and immobilize HMs in the roots, i.e. sequestrate contaminant HMs thereby protecting plants from metal toxicity. This mini-review also focuses on other phytoextraction strategies involving rhizosphere microbes, such as (1) inoculating plants used for phytoremediation of HMs contaminated soil and water with rhizobial microflora, and (2) managing their population in the rhizospheres by using a consortium of site specific AMF, PGPR, and MHB, and N-fixing rhizobia as biofertilizers to Phyto-remediate derelict contaminated sites. Various crop management strategies such as Crop Sequencing and Intercropping or Co-cropping of, for example, mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal crops, or leguminous and non-leguminous crops, etc., can be employed for improved plant growth. Another possible strategy to exploit soil microbes is to employ pre-cropping with mycotrophic crops to exploit AMF for mycorrhizo-remediation strategy.
Usability of an At-Home Anterior Nares SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR Sample Collection Kit: Human Factors Feasibility Study (Preprint)
Authors: Strong Laura E , Middendorf Irene , Turner Michelle , Edwards V David K , Sama Varun , Mou Joshua , Adams K Colleen
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUND

Readily available testing for SARS-CoV-2 is necessary to mitigate COVID-19 disease outbreaks. At-home collection kits, in which samples are self-collected without requiring a laboratory or clinic visit and sent to an external laboratory for testing, can provide convenient testing to those with barriers to access. They can prevent unnecessary exposure between patient and clinical staff, increase access for patients with disabilities or remote workers, and decrease burdens on health care resources, such as provider time and personal protective equipment. Exact Sciences developed an at-home collection kit for samples to be tested to detect SARS-CoV-2 that includes an Instructions for Use (IFU) document, which guides people without prior experience on collecting a nasal swab sample. Demonstrating successful sample collection and usability is critical to ensure that these samples meet the same high-quality sample collection standards as samples collected in clinics.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to determine the usability of a SARS-CoV-2 at-home nasal swab sample collection kit.

METHODS

A human factors usability study was conducted with 30 subjects without prior medical, laboratory, or health care training and without COVID-19 sample self-collection experience. Subjects were observed while they followed the IFU for the at-home sample collection portion of the SARS-CoV-2 test in a setting that simulated a home environment. IFU usability was further evaluated by requiring the subjects to complete a survey, answer comprehension questions, provide written feedback, and respond to questions from the observer about problems during use.

RESULTS

All 30 subjects successfully completed the sample collection process, and all 30 samples were determined by reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing to meet quality standards for SARS-CoV-2 testing. The subjects’ written feedback and comments revealed several recommendations to improve the IFU.

CONCLUSIONS

The study demonstrated the overall usability of an at-home SARS-CoV-2 collection kit. Various feedback mechanisms provided opportunities to improve the wording and graphics for some critical tasks, including placing the label correctly on the tube. A modified IFU was prepared based on study outcomes.
Interactive remote patient monitoring devices for managing chronic health conditions: systematic review and meta-analysis (Preprint)
Authors: Leo Donato Giuseppe , Buckley Benjamin J.R. , Chowdhury Mahin , Harrison Stephanie L. , Isanejad Masoud , Lip Gregory Y.H. , Wright David J. , Lane Deirdre A.
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUND

Telemedicine is an expanding and feasible approach to improve medical care for patients with long-term conditions. However, there is a poor understanding of patients’ acceptability of this intervention and their rate of uptake.

OBJECTIVE

To systematically review the current evidence on telehealth in the management of patients with long-term conditions, and to evaluate the patients’ uptake and acceptability of this technology.

METHODS

MEDLINE, SCOPUS, and CENTRAL were searched from date of inception to 5 February 2021, with no language restrictions. Studies were eligible for inclusion if they reported any of the following outcomes: (i) intervention uptake and adherence; (ii) study retention; (iii) patient acceptability, satisfaction and experience using intervention: (iv) changes in physiological values; (v) all-cause and cardiovascular related hospitalization; (vi) all-cause and disease specific mortality; (vii) patient-reported outcome measures; (viii) quality of life. Two reviewers independently assessed articles for eligibility. This systematic review was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42021236291).

RESULTS

Ninety-six studies were included and fifty-eight were pooled for meta-analyses. Meta-analyses showed reduction in mortality (RR= 0.71, 95% CI 0.56 to 0.89, P=0.003, I2=0%); and improvements in BP (MD -3.85 mmHg, 95% CI -7.03 to -0.68, P<.02, I2= 100%) and HbA1c (MD -0.33, 95% CI -0.57 to -0.09, P=.008, I2= 99%); but no significant improvements in quality of life (MD 1.45, 95% CI -0.10 to 3, P=.07, I2=80%); and increased risk of hospitalization (RR 1.02, 95% CI 0.85 to 1.23, P=.81, I2=79%) with telehealth compared to usual care.

CONCLUSIONS

Telehealth is a valid alternative to usual care, reducing mortality and improving self-management of the disease, with patients reporting good satisfaction and adherence. Further studies are required to address some potential concerns regarding higher hospitalisation rates and a lack of a positive impact on patients’ quality of life.
Effectiveness of Digital Interventions for Preventing Alcohol Consumption in Pregnancy: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (Preprint)
Authors: Oh Sarah Soyeon , Moon Jong Youn , Chon Doukyoung , Mita Carol , Lawrence Jourdyn A , Park Eun-Cheol , Kawachi Ichiro
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUND

Alcohol consumption in pregnancy has been associated with serious fetal health risks and maternal complications. While previous systematic reviews of digital interventions during pregnancy have targeted smoking cessation and flu vaccine uptake, few studies have sought to evaluate their effectiveness in preventing alcohol consumption during pregnancy.

OBJECTIVE

This systematic review aims to assess (1) whether digital interventions are effective in preventing alcohol consumption during the pregnancy/pregnancy-planning period, and (2) the differential effectiveness of alternative digital intervention platforms (ie, computers, mobiles, and text messaging services).

METHODS

PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, and Web of Science were searched for studies with digital interventions aiming to prevent alcohol consumption among pregnant women or women planning to become pregnant. A random effects primary meta-analysis was conducted to estimate the combined effect size and extent to which different digital platforms were successful in preventing alcohol consumption in pregnancy.

RESULTS

Six studies were identified and included in the final review. The primary meta-analysis produced a sample-weighted odds ratio (OR) of 0.62 (95% CI 0.42-0.91; P=.02) in favor of digital interventions decreasing the risk of alcohol consumption during pregnancy when compared to controls. Computer/internet-based interventions (OR 0.59, 95% CI 0.38-0.93) were an effective platform for preventing alcohol consumption. Too few studies of text messaging (OR 0.29, 95% CI 0.29-2.52) were available to draw a conclusion.

CONCLUSIONS

Overall, our review highlights the potential for digital interventions to prevent alcohol consumption among pregnant women and women planning to become pregnant. Considering the advantages of digital interventions in promoting healthy behavioral changes, future research is necessary to understand how certain platforms may increase user engagement and intervention effectiveness to prevent women from consuming alcohol during their pregnancies.
PRELIMINARY STUDY OF INSULIN DRY POWDER FORMULATION: CRITICAL PROCESS PARAMETERS ON SPRAY-FREEZE-DRYING AND CRITICAL MATERIAL ATTRIBUTE OF TREHALOSE AND INULIN AS STABILIZER
Authors: MUNTU CYNTHIA MARISCA , SURINI SILVIA , AVANTI CHRISTINA , HAYUN  , HINRICHS WOUTER
Published: December 2021

Objective: The aim of this study was to obtain recommendations about critical process parameters (CPP) and optimal ratio of trehalose and inulin as critical material attribute (CMA) on insulin dry powder formulation with spray-freeze-drying (SFD) method.

Methods: Inulin dry powder was formulated with the SFD method, which consisted of an atomization process and freeze-drying (FD). SFD processes were optimized in order to obtain dry powder and CPP was analyzed. All seven variations of formulas proceeded with physicochemical characterization to obtain the optimal formula.

Results: In the early optimization, there was a slight time lag between the atomization process and FD; as a result, some of the powder coagulated and crystallized. Another critical parameter was that the FD process should not be interrupted for at least 50 h of FD. Dry powder proceeded with physicochemical characterization, a formula without inulin showed semicrystalline properties, while six formulas had amorphous properties due to its combination. All formulas had a spherulite shape and rough surface. Five formulas with the combination of trehalose and inulin obtained dry powders with a diameter range of 30-43 μm, moisture content below 3.5% and high encapsulation efficiency (EE). Formula with the ratio of 1:1 (F4) showed optimal properties with moisture content and EE of 2.62% and 99.68%, respectively.

Conclusion: This study concluded that there were two critical process parameters in the SFD method. There should be no time lag in SFD process and FD time which should not be interrupted. The optimal ratio for trehalose and inulin was shown by F4 with ratio of 1:1.
POTENTIAL ANTIDIABETIC ACTIVITIES OF FRACTIONS FROM PURIFIED EXTRACT OF LAWSONIA INERMIS LEAVES IN ALLOXAN–INDUCED DIABETIC MICE
Authors: IFAYA MUS , MUSFIROH IDA , SAHIDIN  , SUSILAWATI YASMIWAR , WILAR GOFARANA , ABDURRAHMAN SYAWAL
Published: December 2021

Objective: This research was conducted to determine the potential antidiabetic activity fractions of purified extract Lawsonia inermis leaves in mice (Mus musculus) and identification of the compound.

Methods: The method included maceration, purification using ethanol and distilled water was followed by liquid-liquid extraction using ethyl acetate and magnesium sulfate as drying agents. Furthermore, the extract was analyzed using thin layer chromatography (TLC) for testing the purified extract. Fractionation using vacuum liquid chromatography, antidiabetic activity test of fractions at dose 100 mg/kgBW with alloxan induced and compound identification by Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) using HPLC connected to a Q-TOF spectrometer equipped with an ESI source, with Phenomenon column C8, and methanol with 0.3% formic acid as solvent.

Results: The results showed that from the purification step of L. inermis leaves by vacuum liquid chromatography method, 7 fractions were obtained, i.e. A-G fractions. While the antidiabetic activity of fractions shown by decreasing blood sugar level in mice on the 15th day were 64, 75, 73, 73, 57, 45 and 67%, respectively. The identified compounds from each fraction were the ester groups namely 12-hydroxy-methyl abietate, 9,12-octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z)-(2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)methyl ester, dehydromorroniaglycone, and (E)-hexadecyl-ferulate; the steroid group namely siraitic acid E; phenylpropanoid groups namely umbelliferone and bletilol C, and the alkaloid groups namely moupinamide and valine.

Conclusion: L. inermis leaves had activity in lowering blood sugar levels. LC-MS/MS analysis revealed the presence of ester groups, steroid groups, phenylpropanoid groups and alkaloid groups. The presence of these compounds mostly contribute to antidiabetic activity.
SYNTHESIS OF ENCAPSULATED CHROMOLAENA ODORATA LEAF EXTRACT IN CHITOSAN NANOPARTICLE BY USING IONIC GELATION METHOD AND ITS ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY
Authors: IDACAHYATI KENI , WULANDARI WINDA TRISNA , INDRA FIRMAN GUSTAMAN AND INDRA
Published: December 2021

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the antioxidant activity of Chromolaena odorata.

Methods: Encapsulation of Chromolaena odorata leaf extract by nano chitosan was synthesized by using chitosan and NaTPP as the crosslinking agent. The antioxidant activity was conducted by using the DPPH method.

Results: Nanoparticles of Chromolaena odorata leaf extract has an average diameter of 675±218 nm and+23.4±7.14 mV of zeta potential. The antioxidant activity of its extract was 0.86 ppm, while its nanoparticle has the better antioxidant activity of 0.21 ppm.

Conclusion: Nanoparticles of Chromolaena odorata have very strong antioxidant activity and the potential to be external antioxidants.
COMPARISON OF THREE EXTRACTION METHODS OF ALLOPURINOL IN URIC ACID HERBAL MEDICINE WITH HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY QUANTIFICATION
Authors: PRATIWI RIMADANI , MULYANINGSIH RASPATI D. , SAPTARINI NYI M.
Published: December 2021

Objective: This study was aimed to understand and determine the effectiveness of allopurinol extraction in herbal medicine from three extraction methods based on parameters of accuracy and precision.

Methods: The study consisted of three methods including dissolving and filtering, liquid-liquid extraction, and solid-phase extraction with mixed-mode cation exchanger (SPE-MCX). The procedures were carried out using NaOH and HCl in dissolving and filtering method; methanol, HCl, and ethyl acetate in liquid-liquid extraction; and NH4OH elution solvent in SPE-MCX.

Results: The results showed that extraction effectiveness based on accuracy level was the dissolving and filtering method>SPE-MCX>liquid-liquid extraction with % recovery+SD of 91.314+2.903%, 87.533+4.950%, and 54.549+3.517%, respectively. The precision level was the dissolution and filtering method>SPE-MCX>liquid-liquid extraction based on % relative standard deviations (RSD) of 3.18%, 5.226%, and 6.446%, respectively.

Conclusion: It can be concluded that the allopurinol extraction method with the highest effectiveness based on accuracy and precision parameters in herbal medicine is the dissolving and filtering method.
3D-PHARMACOPHORE MODELLING OF OMEGA-3 DERIVATIVES WITH PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR-ACTIVATED RECEPTOR GAMMA AS AN ANTI-OBESITY AGENT
Authors: MUSFIROH IDA , MEGAWATI GINNA , HERAWATI DEWI MARHENI DIAH , RUSDIN AGUS
Published: December 2021

Objective: The aim of this work was to study the pharmacophore model of omega-3 derivatives with the PPAR-γ receptor using LigandScout 4.4.3 to investigate the important chemical interactions of complex structure.

Methods: The methods consisted of structure preparation of nine chemical compounds derived from omega-3 fatty acids, database preparation, creating 3D Pharmacophore modelling, validation pharmacophore, and screening test compounds.

Results: The result of the research showed that the omega-3 derivatives docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), when eicosapentaenoic acid (HPA), and docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) have the best pharmacophore fit values of 36.59; 36.56; and 36.56, respectively. According to the results of the pharmacophore study, the carbonyl and hydroxyl of the carboxylate functional groups become the active functional groups that exhibit hydrogen bonding interactions. While the alkyl chain (Ethyl and methyl groups) was the portion that can be modified to increase its activity.

Conclusion: Omega-3 derivatives could be used as a lead drug for the powerful PPAR-γ receptor in the prevention and treatment of obesity.
FORMULATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF SERUM COLLAGEN OF SEA CUCUMBER EXTRACT STICHOPUS HORRENS AS AN ANTIOXIDANT
Authors: STIANI SOFI NURMAY , RUDIANA TARSO , SETIAWAN YUSUB , SETYOWATI ETI , ANSORI SOFIAN
Published: December 2021

Objective: The study was aimed to extract, formulate and characterize collagen extract of Stichopus horrens into serum preparations and decide antioxidant activity in powders and serum preparations.

Methods: The sea cucumber meat was extracted collagen in three stages, namely the pretreatment stage using 0.3 M NaOH solution 1:10 (w/v) for 48 h, the hydrolysis step in the 0.3 M 1:10 acetic acid solution (w/v) for 48 h, and the extraction stage with distilled water 1: 2 (w/v) for 2 h at 45 °C. The collagen extract was freeze-dried to obtain collagen powder. Collagen powder was characterized by HPLC and its antioxidant activity was determined using the DPPH method. Collagen powder formulated with extract variation of 0, 0.5 and 1%. Evaluation of serum included organoleptic, homogeneity, stability of pH and viscosity as well as antioxidant activity.

Results: The results showed that collagen powder had a % yield of 0.24%, which consisted of the amino acids glycine, proline, alanine, and glutamic acid as the dominant amino acids. The % Free radical inhibition of collagen powder at concentration of 5000 ppm was 63.23%. IC50 values were obtained at 4045.37 ppm. The stability test resulted in stable serum preparations without significant changes at 4 °C and 27 °C±2 °C storage temperatures.

Conclusion: The measurement of DPPH Radical reduction activity in the highest serum preparation was 1% extract with a value of 2.4%.
FORMULATION, CHARACTERIZATION, AND DETERMINATION OF THE DIFFUSION RATE STUDY OF ANTIOXIDANT SERUM CONTAINING ASTAXANTHIN NANOEMULSION
Authors: NURDIANTI LUSI , CLARA RISNA , SUHENDY HENDY , SETIAWAN FAJAR , IDACAHYATI KENI
Published: December 2021

Objective: Astaxanthin is one of the natural carotenoids with strong antioxidant characteristics which is widely used in skin care. The aim of this study was developed to formulate and characterize the antioxidant serum containing astaxanthin nanoemulsion and the diffusion rate studies using diffusion Franz method.

Methods: Astaxanthin nanoemulsion (As-NE) was prepared by using the self-nanoemulsifying method, followed by incorporation into serum preparation with the using carbomer as a gelling agent. Evaluation of serum As-NE was performed by physical, chemical characterizations and diffusion assay. Stability study was carried out in both accelerated (temperature of 40±2 °C/75±5%RH) and non-accelerated (at ambient temperature) conditions.

Results: These results suggest that antioxidant serum As-NE had good physical and chemical characteristics that are suitable for topical administration.

Conclusion: For the study of diffusion and stability under different storage conditions, it was proven that antioxidant serum As-NE form was packed in a carbomer as a gelling agent that could enhance the stability and diffusion rate of the astaxanthin.
ACTIVITY NANOKIRINYUH (CHROMOLAENA ODORATA) LEAVES EXTRACT IN ALLOXAN INDUCED DIABETIC RATS
Authors: IDACAHYATI KENI , WULANDARI WINDA TRISNA , GUSTAMAN FIRMAN , NURDIANTI INDRA LUSI
Published: December 2021

Objective: Diabetes Mellitus is a type of degenerative disease that is increasing every year in countries around the world. Diabetes Mellitus is a major cause of blindness, kidney failure, heart attacks, and stroke. Nanokirinyuh leaves have potential as an antidiabetic because they contains chemical compounds that have antioxidant activity. The purpose of this study was to determine activity of nanokirinyuh leaves as an antidiabetic.

Methods: Wistar rats as many as 24 animals were divided into 6 groups, namely the normal control group, positive control (glibenclamide 0.5 mg/Kg BW), negative control (alloxan 600 mg/BW rat), and nanochitosan kirinyuh leaves at a dose of 225 mg/Kg BW rat, 450 mg/Kg BW rat and 675 mg/Kg BW treatment was carried out for 10 d. Percent decrease of level glucose was evaluated along with histopathological investigation in various experimental groups of rats. Data analysis using the One Way Anova test and continued LSD test.

Results: Level of Glucose at a dose of 675 mg/Kg BW rats showed the highest levels of the negative group and other dose groups. Pancreas histopathology test results showed that the group with a dose of 450 mg/Kg BW of rats had the lowest necrosis rate compared to the negative control group and other dose groups.

Conclusion: Nanokirinyuh leaves can reduce of level plasma glucose and necrosis in a histopathology test.
IN VIVO ANTIDIABETIC SCREENING OF KABAU (ARCHIDENDRON BUBALINUM (JACK) I. C NIELSEN) SEEDS
Authors: RIASARI HESTI , FAUZI NOVI IRWAN , ANGGADIREDJA KUSNANDAR , HARTATI RIKA , SUKRASNO
Published: December 2021

Objective: Study described the screening potential antidiabetic activity of kabau seed extract and fraction.

Methods: The powdered crude drugs weighing 1349.32 grams were extracted with a solvent with solvents with escalating polarity by using soxhletation. The solvents used were n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and 96% ethanol. Screening activity using three variations on doses on the three extracts using the glucose test tolerance method, then the alloxan induction and high-fat feed induction testing methods using selected doses, decreasing blood glucose levels using the GOD PAP enzyme and decreasing MDA levels and increased levels of the enzyme SOD. Extracts that have potential antidiabetic activity are fractionated using liquid-solid fractionation; then the fraction is screened for antidiabetic activity using the glucose test tolerance method.

Results: Screening for antidiabetic activity on the three extracts using the glucose test tolerance method showed that the ethanol extract at a dose of 250 mg/kg BW. The three extracts were then screened for the next mechanism using the alloxan induction method and high-fat feed induction, the decrease in blood sugar levels by the GOD-PAP method showed a good decrease in the ethanol extract by 202.94±2 mg/dl, the three extracts showed good less significant, in the SOD enzyme method, the ethanol extract gave a good value such as the positive control value. Testing on fraction can decrease in blood sugar; the results showed that the ethanol extract and methanol fraction gave a small AUC 0-150 (32695,3 and 33167,71), where the value was close to the result of the glibenclamide 30238,48.

Conclusion: The antidiabetic activity of the extract showed that the ethanol extract was better with the glucose test tolerance method, with alloxan induction animal models and high-fat feed induction. In the methanol fraction derived from 96% ethanol extract, it provides a good reduction in blood sugar levels in the screening method with a glucose test tolerance
Ten questions about intracranial epidural hematoma
Authors: Pereira Carlos Umberto , Rabelo Nicollas Nunes , Kalkman Gabriela Ferreira , Adry Rodrigo Antonio Rocha da Cruz , Oliveira Debora Moura da Paixão
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Intracranial epidural hematoma (EH) is considered a neurosurgical emergency. Its knowledgement has been increasingly prominent in literature. Methods: a literature review was performed on ten questions related to intracranial EH, such as age, sex, causes, location, imaging findings, neurological examination, lucid interval, hematoma size, treatment and prognosis. Conclusion: EH affects more young adult males. It does not cross the lines of cranial sutures. The lucid interval has been commonly described, however, it is not pathognomonic of EH, and may occur in other lesions of expanding mass. The computed tomography (CT) scan of the skull has been the exam of choice. The size influences prognosis and sequelae, when small and asymptomatic the treatment has been conservative and, if bulky, it requires surgical intervention. Early recognition and appropriate treatment for a good prognosis is of great importance.
Microsurgery for Multiple Intracranial Aneurysms
Authors: Simoncello Laís Miotta , Chen Hsuan Hua , Mansano Lucas do Amaral Genta , Borges Manauela Iglesias , Rosa Sophia Fuentes , Carvalho Pablo Rodrigues de , Barbosa Bernardo Alves , Oliveira Eduardo Monteiro de , Ner Breno , Barbosa Bruna Nayara Ribeiro , Araújo Ricardo Marques Lopes de , Rodrigues Júnior José Carlos , Silva Marcelo Nery
Published: December 2021

Background: A total of 23 patients with 52 aneurysms were surgically treated in single surgery at a Neurosurgical Service of the Health Service of the State of São Paulo from 2009 to 2011. Method: Retrospective analysis of patients undergoing clipping of two or more cerebral aneurysms in a single stage, from January 2007 to July 2012. Results: Twenty-nine patients underwent two or more clipping cerebral aneurysms in a single surgery – 28 with a single craniotomy and one through two craniotomies. Of these, 20, 7, 1 and 1 were submitted to the clipping of 2, 3, 4 and 5 cerebral aneurysms, respectively. Five were male and 24 were female, and the age range was 40 to 66-years-old. Eight left craniotomies were performed to approach 17 lateralized brain aneurysms to the left and five to the right, as well as three anterior communicating complex aneurysms. Twelve craniotomies were performed on the right to approach 23 intracranial aneurysms lateralized to the right and six on the left, as well as 15 anterior communicating artery complex aneurysms and 1 on the basilar artery. Of the 29 patients, 28 evolved with 1-3 pts and only one with 4-5 pts on the Rankin scale, six months after surgery. Conclusion: We advocate microsurgical approach for most of the cases of multiple intracranial aneurysms aiming the microsurgical clipping of all intracranial aneurysms if feasible through a single stage and a single craniotomy.
Tumor de seio endodérmico no III ventrículo
Authors: Costa Thaline Ravena Nunes , Gonçalves Vitor de Deus da Rocha Ribeiro , Bomfim Júnior Pedro Borges , Alves Luís Felipe Coelho , Brito José Nazareno Pearce de Oliveira
Published: December 2021

Tumor do seio endodérmico (tumor do saco vitelino) é um subtipo histológico dos tumores de células germinativas não-germinomatosos. No sistema nervoso central (SNC), geralmente, localizam-se na linha média (região pineal). As apresentações clínica e radiológica desses tipos de tumores necessitam de uma avaliação singular de marcadores tumorais. Relatamos um paciente de 12 anos, sexo masculino com sinais e sintomas de hipertensão intracraniana, diminuição da acuidade visual que evoluiu com hemiparesia esquerda e distúrbios do equilíbrio e coordenação. A ressonância magnética de crânio mostrou massa expansiva em linha média, bem delimitada, de contornos lobulados, localizada na topografia do tecto do mesencéfalo com extensão para o interior do III ventrículo. Foi realizada derivação ventrículo-peritoneal e ressecção parcial da lesão. A análise imunohistoquímica revelou presença de alfafetoproteína (AFP) e corpúsculos de Schiller-Duval sendo, assim, coerente com tumor de seio endodérmico. O paciente foi submetido à quimioterapia e radioterapia. No seguimento de cinco meses após o tratamento, seguiu com cefaleia de leve intensidade e monoparesia em membro superior direito. Também foi realizada revisão sobre o tema: epidemiologia, exames de imagem, diagnóstico laboratorial, histológico e imuno-histoquímico, diferentes modalidades de tratamento e abordagens cirúrgicas.
Minipterional approach for anterior circulating aneurysms
Authors: Dezena Roberto Alexandre
Published: December 2021

The minipterional approach is less invasive than pterional craniotomy and uses the gravity as an ally. Patient’s head position is a key, due to deflection and rotation of aneurysms. This is a brief note aiming to describe the approach step-by-step.
Possibilidades e desafios para a gestão compartilhada de resíduos sólidos na Região Metropolitana de Natal (RN) à luz da Lei Federal nº 12.305/2010
Authors: Silveira Raquel Maria da Costa , Figueiredo Fábio Fonseca
Published: December 2021

A Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos surgiu como diretriz voltada a uma problemática ambiental que se evidenciava nos municípios brasileiros: a geração de resíduos sólidos combinada com a prevalência dos lixões. Tais problemas se mostravam evidentes principalmente em regiões metropolitanas, as quais se caracterizam, dentre outros aspectos, pela concentração populacional. A Lei Federal nº 12.305/2010 destaca explicitamente o tema da gestão metropolitana. A pesquisa proposta teve como objetivo investigar os desafios para concretizar uma gestão compartilhada dos resíduos sólidos na Região Metropolitana de Natal (RMN) e contou com a realização de pesquisa documental e sistematização de banco de dados secundários. Isso possibilitou a criação de um diagnóstico sobre a gestão dos resíduos sólidos nos quinze municípios que compõem a RMN. O estudo revelou as dificuldades de pactuação entre os entes municipais no recorte espacial estudado, influenciando o alcance de uma gestão integrada na RMN.
El principio de legalidad en Colombia, su monopolio y las posibilidades de flexibilización
Authors:   Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá D. C., Colombia, Huertas Díaz Omar
Published: December 2021

El artículo analiza el principio de legalidad desde una postura crítica, verificando si este, examinado en todas sus partes, puede o no ser aplicado mediante un discurso homogéneo y bajo la perspectiva de un principio autoritario que rige en todo el sistema penal y procesal penal. De igual forma, se analiza el monopolio de la ley y de la política criminal, y se busca determinar si en Colombia se aplica legalidad estricta o flexible. El trabajo se centra en el principio de legalidad de los delitos y de las penas, que constituyen la piedra angular de nuestro sistema penal, pues así lo establecen la Constitución, el Código Penal y el Código Procesal. Sin desconocer que el principio de legalidad, en materia penal, es uno de los mayores avances y logros de la ciencia del derecho, es necesario repensar si este principio puede, en efecto, ser concebido en la contemporaneidad tal y como fue proyectado en sus orígenes. Se concluye que el actual principio de legalidad aplicado en Colombia es flexible, aunque no elimina su condición esencial de ser un monopolio estatal.