bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Preliminary Safety Assessment of a Liquid Hydrogen Storage System for Commercial Aviation
Authors: Simonetto Mirko , Pascoe John-Alan , Sharpanskykh Alexei
Published: January 2025

The development of liquid hydrogen storage systems is a key aspect for the enabling clean air transportation. However, safety analysis research for such systems is still limited. This paper presents the outcomes of a preliminary safety assessment applied to this new type of storage system, accounting for the hazards of hydrogen. The focus is on the implemented safety assessment methodology, which used to analyse the most critical features of the storage system. Based on the safety assessment, a set of safety recommendations concerning different subsystems of the liquid hydrogen storage system is proposed, which have been further reviewed by domain experts, identifying necessary mitigation actions. The presented approach has been proved to be suitable for identifying essential liquid hydrogen hazards and for providing systematic design recommendations for different subsystem areas.
Enhancing the Salt Frost Durability of Concrete with Modified Epoxy Composite Coating
Authors: Cong Lu , Wang Yanchao , Gao Xuekai
Published: January 2025

We propose a durable and easy-to-operate treatment, modified epoxy composite coating (MECC)., as a potential alternative to traditional epoxy resin protectants to enhance the protection of concrete structures. This new material consists of epoxy resin as the base material, dimethyl carbonate as the solvent, and modified amines + polyaniline as a composite curing agent that reacts with epoxy resin to form a film over the surface of concrete, thus protecting concrete structures from surface cracking, peeling and spalling when exposed to chloride. Salt frost resistance test indicated that the MECC specimens had lower water absorption and much higher salt frost resistance. Compared with the non-coating (NS) specimens, after 200 freeze-thaw cycles, the relative dynamic elastic modulus (RDEM) was 21.62% higher and the mass loss was merely 19.14% of that of the NS specimens. Better performance was achieved as compared with ordinary epoxy resin coating (EC) and silicate coating (SC), too. After 120 days of erosion in 10.0% NaCl, the coating could effectively prevent environmental liquids and chloride from intruding through the cracks. The reason behind the increased salt frost durability is that treatment with MECC improved the internal structure of concrete and made its surface dense enough to prevent the intrusion of environmental liquids and chloride. Under repeated freezing and thawing, the degree of chloride-induced damage and the icing pressure inside the concrete were greatly reduced. This relieved the frost damage inside the concrete and elongated the service life of concrete.
Black Holes Thermodynamics and Generalised Non-Extensive Entropy
Authors: Elizalde Emilio , Nojiri Shin'ichi , Odintsov Sergei
Published: January 2025

The first part of this work provides a review of recent research on generalised entropies and their origin, as well as its application to black hole thermodynamics. To start, it is shown that the Hawking temperature and the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy are, respectively, the only possible thermodynamical temperature and entropy of the Schwarzschild black hole. Moreover, it is investigated if the other known generalised entropies, which include R\'enyi's entropy, the Tsallis one, and the four- and five-parameter generalised entropies, could correctly yield the Hawking temperature and the ADM mass. The possibility that generalised entropies could describe hairy black hole thermodynamics is also considered, both for the Reissner-Nordstr\"{o}m black hole and for Einstein's gravity coupled with two scalar fields. Two possibilities are investigated, namely, the case when the ADM mass does not yield the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy, and the case in which the effective mass expressing the energy inside the horizon does not yield the Hawking temperature. For the model with two scalar fields, the radii of the photon sphere and of the black hole shadow are calculated, which gives constraints on the BH parameters. These constraints are seen to be consistent, provided the black hole is of Schwarzschild type. Subsequently, the origin of the generalised entropies is investigated, by using their microscopic particle descriptions in the frameworks of a microcanonical and of a canonical ensemble, respectively. To finish, the McLaughlin expansion for the generalised entropies is used to derive, in each case, the microscopic interpretation of the generalised entropies, via the canonical and the grand canonical ensembles.
AI-Driven Optimization of Sanitary Facilities in Office Buildings: A Machine Learning Approach Using LSTM Neural Networks
Authors: Tan Samson , Teoh Teik Toe
Published: January 2025

This study introduces an AI-based approach to planning sanitary facilities in buildings, with a focus on Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) neural networks. By examining factors like occupancy patterns, daily fluctuations, and building-specific characteristics, the model delivers datadriven guidance for fixture allocation. Validation was carried out using empirical data from a Singaporean office building, resulting in strong predictive performance and improved operational efficiency. The LSTM model surpassed traditional methods, with a 39.26% boost in Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) over queueing theory. In a real-world scenario, its predictions were within 2.63%–4.76% of actual needs, whereas prescriptive codes deviated by 12.07%–19.05%. Sensitivity analysis showed that total occupancy, time of day, and gender ratio exerted the greatest influence, enabling gender-specific recommendations. The findings also indicate a potential 15% cut in overall fixtures with no compromise in service quality, providing considerable cost and space savings. By uniting advanced computational modeling with real data, this research demonstrates how AI can elevate sanitary facility planning toward evidence-based decision-making, efficient resource use, and higher user satisfaction. The results may influence policy, regulatory standards, and performance oriented design in contemporary buildings.
Calculated Transition Probabilities for Os VI Spectral Lines of Interest to Nuclear Fusion Research
Authors: Brasseur Maxime , Palmeri Patrick , Quinet Pascal
Published: January 2025

In this work, we present a new set of transition probabilities for experimentally classified spectral lines in the Os VI spectrum. To do this, two independent computational approaches based on the pseudo-relativistic Hartree-Fock including core-polarization effects (HFR+CPOL) and fully relativistic Multiconfiguration Dirac-Hartree-Fock (MCDHF) methods were used, the detailed comparison of the results obtained with these two approaches allowing us to estimate the quality of the calculated radiative parameters. These atomic data, corresponding to 367 lines of five times ionized osmium between 438.720 and 1486.275 Å, are expected to be useful for the analysis of the spectra emitted by fusion plasmas in which osmium could appear as a result of transmutation by neutron bombardment of tungsten used as component of the reactor wall, such as the ITER divertor.
DNA Barcoding Reveals Diversity of Cytospora Species Associated with Branch Dieback and Canker Diseases of Woody Plants in Canada
Authors: Ilyukhin Evgeny , Markovskaja Svetlana
Published: January 2025

Branch dieback and canker diseases caused by Cytospora species negatively affect health of woody plants worldwide. In this study, 59 Cytospora isolates were obtained from symptomatic trees and shrubs growing in southwest Ontario and Saskatchewan, Canada. DNA barcoding approach combined with morphological (culture) characterization identified 15 known species of Cytospora associated with the diseases: C. chrysosperma, C. curvata, C. euonymina, C. hoffmannii, C. kantschavelii, C. leucosperma, C. leucostoma, C. nitschkeana, C. piceae, C. populina, C. pruinopsis, C. pruinosa, C. ribis, C. schulzeri, and C. sorbina. The obtained results contribute to the study of diversity, host affiliation, geographical distribution, and pathogenicity of Cytospora species occurring on woody plants in both natural habitats and agricultural systems. The findings also support the effectiveness of using sequence barcodes (ITS, act1) in fungal taxonomy and plant pathology studies.
Translators’ Allocation of Cognitive Resources in Two Translation Directions: A Study Using Eye Tracking and Key Logging
Authors: Wang Yifang , Li Saihong
Published: January 2025

This study examines how novice translators allocate cognitive resources during English-Chinese and Chinese-English translation, focusing on the influence of translation direction and the discrepancies between empirical data and self-reflections. Using a combination of eye-tracking and keystroke logging, four key indicators—Total Attentional Duration, Attention Unit Count, Attention Unit Duration, and pupil dilation—were employed to quantify cognitive effort. Cue-based Retrospective Think-Aloud Protocols were used to capture participants’ reflective insights. The findings reveal that cognitive effort varies significantly between attention types in both translation directions. Specifically, Target Text processing consistently demands more cognitive resources than Source Text processing and parallel processing, though variations between the two translation directions are evident. Furthermore, a notable divergence emerges between participants’ reflective accounts and the quantitative data, with translation directionality significantly influencing this discrepancy. These results contribute to a deeper understanding of cognitive effort in translation and highlight the complex interplay between empirical measures and self-reported experiences.
Improving the Sustainability of Pollarding in Multifunctional Agro-Forestry Plantations
Authors: Magagnotti Natascia , Mezzalira Giustino , Spinelli Raffaele
Published: January 2025

Pollarding is an ancient agroforestry practice that offers many benefits but is slowly becoming extinct because traditional pollards lack financial and social sustainability. In particular, the cutting of pollards is too slow, expensive and dangerous for modern farmers to apply. This study presents the first test of mechanized pollarding, performed with two different devices: a set of shears and a disc saw. Both devices were fitted to the boom tip of a tracked excavator and were tested on poplar rows in a typical alley-cropping system. The introduction of those simple devices restored productivity and safety to pollarding as a modern practice. Tree topping incurred a cost around 1 € tree-1, or 250-350 € ha-1. That cost would need to be balanced against the revenue obtained from the treetops sold as biomass and the increased yields of the alley crop, prolonged for several years. Mechanization also allows cutting the treetops several meters above ground level, so that the trunks of the pollarded trees may yield valuable timber when they are eventually harvested. Both machines on test performed well, but the disc-saw seemed preferable, especially if installed on a compact excavator.
Genetic Selection for Dairy Traits and Resistance to Mastitis and Gastrointestinal Nematodes Has No Impact on Cryptosporidium spp. and Eimeria spp. Natural Infections in Blond-Faced Manech Lambs
Authors: Bordes Léa , Houert Pauline , Costa Damien , Razakandrainibe Romy , Astruc Jean-Michel , Douhard Frédéric , Moreno-Romieux Carole , Soméra Angélique , Vial-Novella Corinne , Fidelle Francis , Grisez Christelle , Favennec Loïc , Jacquiet Philippe
Published: January 2025

(1) Background: Sheep have been selected to improve their milk production. Some local dairy breeds, such as the Blond-Faced Manech (BFM) in south-west France, also select for resistance to mastitis and gastro-intestinal nematodes. However, genetic selection can also deteriorate certain traits, to the benefit of improving others. Breeders are particularly concerned about infections by digestive protozoa of the Cryptosporidium and Eimeria genus, which infect lambs at an early age and can compromise their future dairy careers. (2) Methods: 159 ewe lambs form geneticaly selected sire for milk production trait, mastitis and gastroinestinal nematode resistance, were monitored in 11 BFM farms. Individual fecal samples at 15, 30, 60 and 120 days of age were performed to detect infections by Cryptosporidium spp. (PCR targeting 18S rRNA and sequencing) or Eimeria spp. (Fecal count and morphological examination of oocysts) with species identifications. All infections remained asymptomatic. The genetic selection of rams did not affect the infection of ewe lambs for Cryptosporidium or the intensities of oocyst excretion of Eimeria species in their offspring. (4) Conclusion: This result does not indicate that genetic selection leads to a higher susceptibility of ewe lambs to Cryptosporidium sp. and Eimeria sp. natural infection in BFM breed.
A Novel Aphis gossypii Killing Surfactin Produced by Bacillus australimaris TRM82479 of Taklamakan Desert Origin
Authors: Wang Yelin , Sun Zhibin , Wang Shiyu , Wen Feng , Xia Zhanfeng
Published: January 2025

The cotton aphid Aphis gossypii poses a global, serious threat to cotton yield and quality. Although chemical pesticides are effective, pollution and resistance are increasingly prominent, making development of new biopesticides a priority in the context of green agricultural development. Given that reports on the activity of surfactins against A. gossypii are limited, here, 107 Bacillus strains isolated from the extreme environment of the Chinese Taklamakan Desert were screened for insecticidal activity against A. gossypii using the leaf-dip method. Active strains were characterized by morphological observation, 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and phylogenetic analysis. Secondary metabolite synthesis genes were identified by whole-genome sequencing and antiSMASH analysis. B. australimaris strain TRM82479 showed 75.00% 48-h mortality against A. gossypii. An antiSMASH analysis showed that this strain has several gene clusters associated with the synthesis of nonribosomal peptide (NRP) fengycin and lichenysin lipopeptide analogs; therefore, we isolated and characterized its NRPs. A surfactin was the primary insecticidal substance, with an aqueous LC50 of 0.857 mg/mL and LC95 of 4.350 mg/mL. This study not only provides new strain resources for A. gossypii control, but also demonstrates the potential of surfactin as a biopesticide, which will lay a foundation for its future agricultural application.
Effects of Diverse Acrylates on the Electro-Optical Performance of Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystal Films
Authors: Sun Nan , Zhang Zuowei , Yu Meina , Yang Huai
Published: January 2025

This study investigated the influence of different functional groups on the electro-optical properties of polymer-dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) films. Twelve acrylate monomers with functional groups like amino, halogen, and double-bond were introduced into PDLC films, and twelve samples were prepared. The electro-optical properties and microstructure of the films were characterized. Results show that compared to films with amino and halogen groups, those with hydroxyl groups have the best balance of driving voltage and contrast, achieving higher contrast at lower driving voltage, making it an ideal preparation scheme for low-voltage, high-contrast PDLC films. Also, in the presence of hydroxyl groups, introducing double-bond increases driving voltage and decreases saturation. As the distance between hydroxyl and double-bond in the molecule rises, their mutual influence weakens, leading to a simultaneous increase in driving voltage and contrast.
The Impact of Relaxation Massage on Ovulation and Sexual Appetite
Authors: Șerbănescu Lucian , Rotar Vadym , Mitran Mihai , Mirea Sebastian , Ionescu Paris , Ionescu Elena Valentina
Published: January 2025

Massage therapy, a traditional practice, has garnered interest for its potential applications in reproductive health, particularly in enhancing fertility and hormonal balance. This study investigates the impact of ovulation-inducing massage on monthly ovulation rates among women seeking fertility assessment. Methods: Conducted at Santerra Medical Center, this three-month study involved 60 women divided into two groups: one receiving massage therapy (n=32) and a control group without massage (n=28). Ovulation was monitored using transvaginal ultrasound and urinary ovulation tests. Results: The massage group exhibited a monthly ovulation rate of 75%, compared to 57.1% in the control group. Additionally, 18.7% of the massage group experienced intermittent ovulation, slightly higher than 17.8% in the control group. Notably, the percentage of women with no ovulation was lower in the massage group. Discussion: The findings suggest that massage may enhance ovulatory function through increased blood flow to the reproductive organs, reduced cortisol levels, and improved lymphatic drainage. Previous literature supports the benefits of massage in various health conditions, including reproductive health. Conclusions: Despite literature suggesting that 80-90% of women ovulate monthly, our study found a rate of only 57.1%, potentially linked to stress factors, nutrition, and gynecological conditions. However, massage therapy showed a significant positive effect on ovulation induction, underscoring its value in enhancing conception rates by reducing stress and improving local blood flow and increasing the sexual appetite. These results highlight the potential of integrative approaches like massage therapy in supporting reproductive health.
Invasion of the Atlantic Ocean and Caribbean Sea by a Large Benthic Foraminifer in the Little Ice Age
Authors: Robinson Edward , Edwards Thera
Published: January 2025

The larger benthic foraminifera are a group of marine protists, harbouring symbiotic algae, that are geographically confined to shallow tropical and subtropical waters, often associated with coral reefs. The resulting controls on availability of habitat and rates of dispersion make these foraminifers, particularly the genus Amphistegina, useful proxies in the study of invasive marine biota, transported through hull fouling and ballast water contamination in modern commercial shipping. However, there is limited information on the importance of these dispersal mechanisms for foraminifers in the Pre-Industrial Era (pre-1850) for the Atlantic and Caribbean region. This paper examines possible constraints and vectors controlling the invasion of warm-water taxa from the Indo-Pacific region to the Atlantic and Caribbean region. Heterostegina depressa, first described from St. Helena, a remote island in the South Atlantic, provides a test case. The paper postulates that invasions through natural range expansion or ocean currents were unlikely along the possible available routes and hypothesize that anthropogenic vectors, particularly sailing ships, were the most likely means of transport. It concludes that the invasion of the Atlantic by H. depressa was accomplished within the Little Ice Age (1350–1850 C.E.), during the period between the start of Portuguese marine trade with east Africa in 1497 and the first description of H. depressa in 1826. The hypothesis is likely applicable to other foraminifera and other biota currently resident in the Atlantic and Caribbean region. The model presented provides well defined parameters that can be tested using methods such as isotopic dating of foraminiferal assemblages in cores and genetic indices of similarity of geographic populations
An Uncontrolled Case Series testing Cryo-Chilled Carbon Dioxide as a Novel Amplification of a Nano-Botanical Multi-Acting Therapy in Advanced Stage Androgenetic alopecia (AGA)
Authors: Niedbala Sam , Campbell Emma , Young Lincoln , Marcovici Geno
Published: January 2025

Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) constitutes a progressive, polygenic, heterogenous disorder diagnosed in more than ninety percent of male and female adults presenting with scalp hair loss. While a number of treatment approaches offer limited benefit, a safe, pain free, consistently efficacious regimen remains an elusive goal. In 2020, we reported positive findings arising from a 270-day, clinical study trialing a nano-enabled, botanically-based, oral and topical concomitant regimen dosed in two male subjects with advanced-stage AGA. As follow on to that work, this Case Series report describes unforeseen, highly positive response to therapy observed in five AGA-affected male volunteers and one female AGA-affected volunteer tested with a cryo-carboxy dispensing device. Conceived as an innovative modification, this point-of-service tool delivered a hydrogel solubilized iteration of the previously tested botanical formula topically to the balding scalp of enrolled volunteers, once-weekly. To limit variables, daily use oral and topical iterations of the previously trialed formula were incorporated as concomitants. Originally conceived as a nine-month (270-day) evaluation, quite unexpectedly, by day-90 a profoundly accelerated response to therapy was observed in all subjects involved, most strikingly in those initially presenting with advanced stage phenotype. Eclipsing predicted, best-case scenario endpoint outcomes, results at day-90 were judged sufficiently positive to conclude the experiment 180 days earlier than planned. As the primary hypothesis focused upon the tested device as the critical differentiator, this paper explores the history of cryo and carboxy and considers whether their incorporation into a therapeutic regimen may perhaps introduce novel, value-added utility.
Levels of Analysis in Evolutionary Genetics: Novel Genes and the Misuse of Homology
Authors: Johnson Brian
Published: January 2025

Taxonomically restricted genes are increasingly understood to play major roles in evolution. However, a significant body of work has taken issue with the notion of widespread “novel” genes and argued that such genes have homologs in distant clades that can be found with either sufficiently powerful alignment techniques, or by using synteny to find their ancestral sequences. Here, we argue that such work is misguided. Moreover, we argue that the whole notion of genetic assignment of function (and annotation) based on historical origin violates the levels of analysis distinction between origin and current utility. The evolutionary history of a gene is so often not reflective of its current utility that naming genes based on the function of their homologs is bad practice. This is nowhere more apparent than in the case of genes that have changed so radically from their ancestors that they bear no similarity to them at the sequence or protein folding levels. We coin the term, overwriting, for this process in which selection creates novel genes by retaining the structure of a gene only (intron, exon, promoter positions), but nothing else, and argue for a general importance for this process.
Hyperspectral Image Change Detection Method Based on Balanced Metric
Authors: Liang Xintao , Li Xinling , Wang Qingyan , Qian Jiadong , Wang Yujing
Published: January 2025

Change detection, as a popular research direction for dynamic monitoring of land cover change, usually use hyperspectral remote sensing images as data sources. Hyperspectral images have rich spatial-spectral information, but traditional change detection methods have limited ability to express the features of hyperspectral images, and it is difficult to identify the complex detailed features, semantic features, and spatial-temporal correlation features in the two-phase hyperspectral images. Therefore, how to effectively use the abundant spatial information and spectral information in hyperspectral images to complete change detection has become a challenging task. This paper proposes a hyperspectral image change detection method based on deep Siamese network, which uses the spatiotemporal attention module to translate bi-temporal hyperspectral images to the same eigenspace, uses the deep Siamese network structure to extract deep semantic features and shallow spatial features, and measures sample features according to Euclidean distance. In the training phase, the model is optimized by minimizing the loss of distance maps and label maps. In the testing phase, the prediction map is generated by simple thresholding of distance maps. Experiments show that on the four datasets, the proposed method can achieve a good change detection effect.
Principles of Economic Inequality Dynamics the Economic Dynamics and (Beyond) Standard Model (IV)
Authors: Yang Yingrui
Published: January 2025

Inequality is always a serious concern of political economics. Nevertheless, the mainstream economics mostly focus on efficiency. The present paper aims to postulate new model of inequality and pareto efficiency. The general relativity theory will be used as a referential framework from modeling perspective. The economic inequality is characterized in a curved space and the Pareto efficiency is modeled as the geodesics. We provide certain details for constructing such a model mathematically. The contents of this paper are as follows. Section 1. Curved Spacetime in Economics and Why. Section 2. Macro-Externality and Full-Dimensional Individual Differences. Section 3. Economic Polarizability: The Invisible Hand as a Tensor. Section 4. Economic Space with Local Curvilinear Coordinates. Section 5. Pareto Efficiency, Geodesics, and Economic Gravity. Section 6 provides remarks in conclusion.
Characterization of resistant starch (type III) produced from banana (Musa acuminata x balbisiana CV Awak) pseudostem
Authors: Ho Lee Hoon , Segar Rashneve , Mathihalagan Fairus Shalini , Zakaria Siti Husna , Tuan Mazlam Sharifah Amirah Husna
Published: January 2025

Banana (Musa acuminata x balbisiana cv. Awak) contains minerals, vitamins, fiber, proteins, carbohydrates, and other vital nutrients. Unfortunately, the banana pseudostem are left as a waste after harvesting. It is rationale to process banana pseudostem into useful product such as functional food ingredients for the application of food industry. The present study aimed to determine the functional properties of resistant starch (type III) produced from banana pseudostem as well as to observe the morphology of resistant starch produced. The native starch from banana pseudostem was isolated and processed into resistant starch (type III) by autoclaving process. The characterization of resistant starch of banana pseudostem (RSBP) was compared with native banana starch and commercial starch (i.e., corn and potato starches) in terms of functional group, crystalline structure, paste clarity, pH, freeze thaw stability, particle size distribution, and morphology. The results showed that the hydroxy, alkene, carbonyl, and alkane groups were found presence in all the evaluated starches. However, the sulphate group was only existed in RSBP. Moreover, RSBP obtained a B-type crystalline structure. Native starch of banana pseudostem exhibited a smooth surface devoid of dents with a mixture of irregular granule shapes of oval, spheroid, and elongated granule shape. All the evaluated starches were categorized as acidic food ingredient. Potato starch exhibited the highest value for paste clarity and particle size distribution. RSBP had significant higher freeze thaw stability than other starches. Banana pseudostem can be considered a feasible low-cost raw material for production of resistant starch (type III) then, a suitable functional food can be developed, depending on the desired end-product quality.
Sensory properties of gluten-free cookies high in dietary fiber
Authors: Fibri Dwi Larasatie Nur , Sunarti  , Marsono Yustinus , Murdiati Agnes , Putro Andika Wicaksono , Putri Rhaesfaty Galih
Published: January 2025

People with degenerative diseases require dietary and nutrient restrictions, necessitating the development of functional food products. This study aimed to develop gluten-free, high-fiber cookies using FiberCreme™, a commercial creamer containing oligosaccharides, as a substitute for coconut milk. Seventy-four non-trained panelists at the Sensory Laboratory of Universitas Gadjah Mada assessed the cookies using a 9-point Likert scale for attributes such as color, flavor, texture, and overall acceptance. The evaluation followed a randomized design. Sensory evaluation gave results that the level of chalky mouth coating and color uniformity of FiberCreme cookies and commercial cookies were not significantly different. Color, cheesy flavor, savory flavor, sweetness, hardness, and speed of melting in the mouth were not significantly different between FiberCreme and coconut milk cookies. Coconut milk products dominate in the attributes of density and color consistency, commercial items dominate in the attributes of melting speed and cheesy flavor, and FiberCreme cookies do not appear to dominate in any way but give close characteristics both with commercial and coconut milk cookies. Overall acceptance from the most liked were Commercial, FiberCreme and Coconut cookies respectively. These findings provide insights for the food industry in developing high-fiber functional cookies using FiberCreme™, potentially benefiting those with dietary restrictions.
No-Test Telehealth Medication Abortion Services Provided by US-Based Clinicians in 21 States and the District of Columbia, 2020‒2022
Authors: Godfrey Emily M. , Fiastro Anna E. , Thayer Erin K. , Gomperts Rebecca , Orlando Sophia M. , Myers Caitlin K.
Published: January 2025

Objectives. To evaluate the association between distance from closest abortion facility and number of fulfilled requests through no-test telehealth medication abortion (NTMA) asynchronous service.

Methods. Using deidentified 2020–2022 electronic medical record data from Aid Access users in US states where NTMA is prescribed by US-based clinicians, we describe individual user demographics and their resident county characteristics. We conducted a county-level geospatial analysis of distance to abortion facility (Myers Abortion Facility Database) on fulfilled requests using Poisson regression.

Results. US-based clinicians fulfilled NTMA requests to 8411 individuals in 21 states and the District of Columbia. Each 100-mile increase in distance to an abortion facility increased per-capita NTMA by 61% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 26%, 86%). Most individuals were aged 20 to 29 years (54%), had no living children (57%), were less than 6 weeks’ gestation (62%), and lived in urban areas (65%). Almost half (49%) lived in higher socially vulnerable counties compared with 17% in less socially vulnerable counties.

Conclusions. In the United States, telehealth medication abortion is a critically important service for individuals who are young, socially vulnerable, and living in counties far from abortion care facilities.

Public Health Implications. With abortion now banned or highly restricted in 22 US states, telehealth abortion services are necessary to maintain essential reproductive health services. ( Am J Public Health. 2025;115(2):221–231. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2024.307892 )
National Ordinary High Water Mark Field Delineation Manual for Rivers and Streams : Final Version
Authors: David Gabrielle , Fritz Ken , Nadeau Tracie-Lynn , Topping Brian , Allen Aaron , Trier Patrick , Kichefski Steven , James L. , Wohl Ellen , Hamill Daniel
Published: January 2025

The ordinary high water mark (OHWM) defines the lateral extent of non-tidal aquatic features in the absence of adjacent wetlands in the United States. The federal regulatory definition of the OHWM, 33 CFR 328.3(c)(4), states the OHWM is “that line on the shore established by the fluctuations of water and indicated by physical characteristics such as [a] clear, natural line impressed on the bank, shelving, changes in the character of soil, destruction of terrestrial vegetation, the presence of litter and debris, or other appropriate means that consider the characteristics of the surrounding areas.” This is the first manual to present a methodology for nationwide identification and delineation of the OHWM. A two-page data sheet and field procedure outline a weight-of-evidence (WOE) methodology to organize and evaluate observations at stream sites. This manual presents a consistent, science-based method for delineating the OHWM in streams. It also describes regional differences and challenges in identifying the OHWM at sites disturbed by human-induced or natural changes and illustrates how to use remote data to structure field inquiries and interpret field evidence using the principles of fluvial science. The manual demonstrates that, in many landscape settings, the OHWM may be located near the bankfull elevation.
Comparison of Field and Virtual Vegetation Surveys Conducted Using Uncrewed Aircraft System (UAS) Imagery at Two Coastal Marsh Restoration Projects (Supplementary Dataset)
Authors: Schad Aaron , Reif Molly , Harwood Joseph , Macon Christopher , Dodd Lynde , Vasquez Katie , Philley Kevin , Dobson Glenn , Steinmetz Katie
Published: January 2025

The attached dataset is supplementary material related to the pending published journal article "Comparison of Field and Virtual Vegetation Surveys Conducted Using Uncrewed Aircraft System (UAS) Imagery at Two Coastal Marsh Restoration Projects (Full citation will be included upon publication)
„Bovaryné a panelban”: Lakótelep a francia filmekben
Authors: Ady Mária
Published: January 2025

A lakótelepeket a francia és a magyar diskurzusok gyakran úgy mutatják homogénnak, univerzálisnak, hogy közben a hozzájuk kapcsolódó problémákat az adott ország aktuális, politikai, gazdasági, társadalmi helyzetének tulajdonítják. Hogy lehet valami általános, nemzetközi módon modern, szigorúan funkcionalista, fizikai-biológiai törvényszerűségekből levezethető, ugyanakkor a mindenkori helyi társadalom hű és kegyetlen tükre?
Hipotézisem szerint a lakótelep ábrázolásában egyszerre érhető tetten a sematizáció és az egyénítés. A sematizáció mozzanatában az adott lakótelep helyére egy általános lakótelep-kép lép, jól felismerhető, szinte stilizált formákkal (geometrikus, absztrakt), tónusokkal és fényekkel (hideg kék, szürke, fehér), anyagokkal (beton, linóleum, neon), tematikus (elromlott lift, eltévedés) és érzelmi-hangulati trópusokkal (bezártság, kiúttalanság, fulladás, infantilizmus, depresszió). Ugyanakkor ez a sematizált, absztrahált, érzelmi, hangulati és érzéki mivoltában alapvetően egyező kép, amely olyannyira hasonló Franciaországban és Magyarországon, az értelmezés mozzanatában mégis differenciálódni látszik: a helyi társadalmi, politikai és gazdasági viszonyoknak megfelelően. Leegyszerűsítve: ha a lakótelep az ábrázolásokban többnyire nyomasztó és élhetetlen, a magyar lakótelep a szocializmus miatt, míg a francia lakótelep az elhibázott kapitalista-fogyasztói társadalom lélek- és személyiségvesztő belső logikája, a kolonializmus sötét öröksége folytán az.
A francia és a magyar reprezentáció összehasonlítása túlnőne ennek a tanulmánynak a keretein. A magyar filmek lakótelep-képét megjelenéséig, 2008-ig, Gelencsér Gábor „Panelkapcsolatok: a lakótelep-motívum a magyar filmben” c. tanulmánya vizsgálja. És bár hipotézisemet csak az összehasonlítás bizonyíthatja, a francia anyag talán „tipikusabb” képet fest a jelenségről, ha Le Corbusier munkásságára, a Congrès International d’Architecture Moderne (CIAM) szerepére, vagy Mathieu Kassovitz klasszikussá vált lakótelep-filmjére, A gyűlöletre (1995) gondolunk.
Egy múlt nélküli város emlékezete : Brazíliaváros a történelem és a kultúra tükrében
Authors: Bánki Éva
Published: January 2025

Brazíliaváros története visszanyúlik a tizenötödik–tizenhatodik századi messianisztikus reményekig,melyek a kontinensnyi „új” ország szívébe telepítendő főváros több évszázados tervezgetésében is testet öltöttek. Az új hatalmi központ Brazília belsejében szakít Európa urbanisztikai hagyományaival, és mégis egyfajta új Rómaként áll élére a keresztény újjászületésnek, a nyugat új felvirágzásának. Hogyan fonódnak össze Brazíliaváros építészeti arculatában a Lúcio Costa-féle városrendezési elvek, a Római birodalom (felszín alatt kitapintható) építészeti örökségével? Hogy formálták a városképet és persze a város mitológiáját a „tökéletes városokkal” kapcsolatos, ókori és reneszánsz eredetű elképzelések és a misztikus jövendölések? Hogy jelképezhet egy kommunista várost egy fantasztikus katedrális? Milyen műveket ihletett az „utópia bukása,” a nyomornegyedek megjelenése, a bűnözés? Hogy jelenik meg a „föld alatti város” mítosza a brazil hard boiled-irodalomban?Brazíliavárost rendes összekötő utak híján nem lehet gyalog bejárni, hagyományos módon megtapasztalni az ezotéria, a város misztikus kisugárzása és persze legendás élhetetlensége a brazilok számára mégis összetéveszthetetlenné teszi a brazíliavárosi atmoszférát.
Város és homok
Authors: Hámori Péter
Published: January 2025

A 0-1 és 0-4 mm szemcseméretű folyami homok az édesvíz után a leggyakrabban, legkimerítőbben
használt nyersanyag a Földön, egyéni fejadagunk 18 kilogramm naponta. Ebből készítünk fogkrémet, tisztítószert, kijelzőt, üveget, vasbetont, úthálózatot, épületeket és városokat; folyami homokot
bányászunk az Ős-Duna medréből, a Mekong folyó lakott partjairól és a Földközi tenger aljáról,
erősen kimerítve ezzel az adott hely territoriális, ökológiai és társadalmi adottságait.
Ebben a cikkben a homokot mint szűrőlencsét használva vizsgálom a város életét és metabolizmusát, rámutatva arra, hogy a város kiterjedése túlmutat azon a térbeli-időbeli komplexitáson,
amelyben a klasszikus építészeti-urbanisztikai diszciplína szemléli azt. Egy város összeszövődő
ellátási hálózatokból és azok metabolizmusából áll, ebből következően a városról való gondolkodás,
annak tervezése transzszkaláris megközelítést igényel. Szingapúr víz felé terjeszkedő városához
hozzátartoznak a maláj és ausztrál homokbányák az ott élők társadalmi és környezeti feltételeinek
változásával együtt. Az észak-kiskunsági folyamihomok-bányák a folyószabályozásokkal és élőhely-degradációkkal a családtámogatási konstrukciók mentén ugyanúgy Budapest részét képezik,
mint annak bármelyik belterületi városrésze.
Amellett érvelek, hogy az urbanizáció politikai eszköz; a totális politika, végső soron totális design korszakában az ökológiai válságokra adható egyetlen válasz a stratégiai visszavonulás vagy
rewilding.
A nemnövekedés alakú tér : A köztértervezés lehetséges új körvonalai
Authors: Jakabfi-Kovács Boglárka
Published: January 2025

A nemnövekedés koncepciójára támaszkodó építészeti modell keretezése nemcsak szükséges, de kívánatos, mi több: megvalósítható. Bár egyelőre nem áll rendelkezésre minden léptékre kiterjedő, konszenzuális építészeti, urbanisztikai és designstratégia, a működési feltételeket és módszertanokat körvonalazó számos kutatás bizonyítja, hogy a tudomány létrehozza a tudásanyagot, mely szükséges ahhoz, hogy a praktizáló tervezők számára is kézzelfoghatóvá váljon a nemnövekedés absztrakt fogalma. A tanulmány ehhez a folyamathoz kíván hozzátenni azáltal, hogy i) a nemnövekedés építészetét értelmezési skálaként mutatja be, elhelyezve azt a nemépítészet, a radikális vagy konceptuális építészet, az építész nélküli építészet, a spekulatív építészet mezőjében, illetve ii) a nemnövekedés várostervezési elveinek és javaslatainak vizsgálatára a rendszerszemléletű megközelítést alkalmazza a nagy hatásfokú beavatkozási pontok feltérképezésének érdekében.
Páratlan Párizs : Metropolisz-élmény a modernitás előtt
Authors: Novák Veronika
Published: January 2025

Az utóbbi években a város megtapasztalásának kutatása egyre erősebben nyit az eddig elhanyagolt érzékszervek bevonása és a városi tér problémája felé. A tanulmány fókuszában a késő középkori és kora újkori Párizs mint nagyváros élménye, azon belül is kiemelt példaként egy meglehetősen szűk jelenségkör, a különféle mesterségekhez kapcsolódó hangok és ezek kulturális közege áll. A város megtapasztalását és hangzó környezetét vizsgáló kutatások általánosabb áttekintése után azt vizsgálom meg, hogy az utcai árusok kiáltásai, a hivatalos kikiáltó hirdetései és a gazdasági tevékenységekkel kapcsolatos harangozás hogyan világítják meg első körben a városi mesterségek térbeliségét, a városi fogyasztást és a szabályozás logikáját, másodsorban pedig hogy ezek a hangok és a rájuk épülő irodalmi, vizuális és zenei műfajok milyen képet adnak a premodern metropoliszról és annak élményéről.
Residing in Negative Space: The Art and Life Strategies of Marion Baruch
Authors: Keszeg Anna
Published: January 2025

The short essay presents the main issues surrounding the works and professional career of Marion Baruch. It investigates the concept of negative space and its significance in the artist’s creations. The central argument is that negative space serves as both a life strategy and an artistic research method in Baruch’s body of work. Baruch’s career follows a quintessentially atypical path for a woman artist from Eastern Europe in the second half of the twentieth century. Her artworks revolve around a dual exploration of negative space. On one hand, they engage with negative space as a way of perceiving the world from the perspective of the thin line that delineates the boundaries between space and bodies. On the other hand, negative space represents a conceptual negation or the definition by negation of all living phenomena. This focus provides an opportunity to ref lect on the aestheticisation of capitalist markets in the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries.
“Black Holes” Exploitation: A Central European City Between Monument, Document, and Mockument
Authors: Kundračíková Barbora
Published: January 2025

The article focuses on the lively urbanism of Central European historical centres in the second half of the twentieth century and, based on a private photo album, ref lects on the processes of shaping local socio-cultural customs and practices. If the common features of these centres are the careful preservation of the historic core and the more or less systematic re-construction of residential districts or industrial complexes, it is the selective blindness to the gaps and spaces “in between,” escaping any coherent or consistent urban planning, where these processes manifest themselves most “naturally” and almost without any imposed control. Indeed, these imaginary “black holes” are where everyday experience unfolds. To this end, the current approaches of Central European Studies are connected with the history of art and visual culture. A specific triadic model of monument-document-mockument and the concept of the “living monument” are used to develop a crucial link between them all and contemporary urban studies. The theoretical insights are illustrated by the case study of the city of Olomouc in the Czech Republic, using the private photographic documentation of local artist and graphic designer Oldřich Šembera.
“An Habitual Disposition of Mind”: On The Roots of Everyday Aesthetics in the Early Eighteenth Century
Authors: Szécsényi Endre
Published: January 2025

This paper discusses some essays from London daily journals at the time of the emergence of modern aesthetics and attempts to demonstrate that what we nowadays call “everyday aesthetics” was not simply present in the relevant texts of the early eighteenth century, but, in a sense, it was the mainstream of the rising modern aesthetic. The aesthetic basically meant paying closer attention to our everyday reality including our natural and human made environments and also various quotidian activities. Contemporary everyday aesthetics should therefore be seen not so much as an extension of the mostly “art-centred” post-Kantian philosophical aesthetics, but rather as one of the original, pre-Kantian, sources of modern aesthetics to be restored or regained.
Cloning, Expression, Purification and Characterisation of Glutamate Decarboxylase (Rv3432c) from Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Rai Rupal , Paroha Ruchi , Rai Sandesh , Singh Anirudh K. , Chaurasia Rashmi , Agarwal Nisheeth , Pandey Megha Katare , Chaurasiya Shivendra K.
Published: January 2025

Glutamate decarboxylase (Gad), a pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP)-dependent enzyme, catalyses the conversion of glutamate to γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), consuming a proton in the process and contributing to intracellular pH homeostasis in bacteria. The presence and function of the Gad-dependent mechanism in mycobacteria remain largely unexplored. Our study aimed to characterize Gad activity in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). We detected Gad enzymatic activity and protein expression in mycobacterial cells, observing activity in live cells of both Mtb and Mycobacterium smegmatis (MS). Gad activity and GABA production were also detected in cell lysates of Mtb and MS. The gadB gene from Mtb was cloned, expressed, and purified under native conditions using MS as an expression host. Initial attempts to express Gad in Escherichia coli (E. coli) resulted in the protein being insoluble and inactive when purified under denaturing conditions. Therefore, an acetamide-inducible expression system was used for overexpression in MS. Recombinant GadB was purified using immobilized metal affinity chromatography, and its molecular weight was determined to be 51.2 kDa via SDS-PAGE. The purified GadB enzyme was active at both neutral and acidic pH. Its activity was found to be PLP-dependent, with optimal activity at pH 7.2 and 50°C. These findings suggest that Gad is expressed in Mtb at both normal as well as acidic pH, indicating the possible existence of a Gad-dependent acid resistance mechanism in Mtb.
Structure-guided optimization of small molecules targeting the yeast casein kinase, Yck2, as a therapeutic strategy to combat Candida albicans
Authors: Cowen Leah , Puumala Emily , Nandakumar Meganathan , Yiu Bonnie , Stogios Peter , Strickland Benjamin , Zarnowski Robert , Wang Xiaoyu , Williams Noelle , Savchenko Alexei , Andes David , Robbins Nicole , Whitesell Luke , Willson Timothy
Published: January 2025

Candida albicans is the most common cause of life-threatening fungal infection in the developed world but remains a therapeutic challenge. Protein kinases have been rewarding drug targets across diverse indications but remain untapped for antifungal development. Previously, screening kinase inhibitors against C. albicans revealed a 2,3-aryl-pyrazolopyridine, GW461484A (GW), which targets casein kinase 1 (CK1) family member Yck2. Here, we report optimization of GW via two complementary approaches, synthesis of bioisosteres possessing an imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine core, and R-group substitution of GW’s pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridine core. Characterization of compounds synthesized revealed two 6-cyano derivatives with improved pharmacological properties that retained whole-cell bioactivity and selectivity for fungal Yck2 compared to human CK1α. Efficacy studies in mice indicated both analogs possess single-agent activity against C. albicans resistant to first-line echinocandin antifungals and potentiate non-curative echinocandin treatment. Results validate Yck2 as an antifungal target and encourage further development of inhibitors acting by this previously unexploited mode of action.