bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Molecular Pathways: Trafficking of Metabolic Resources in the Tumor Microenvironment
Authors: Romero Iris L. , Mukherjee Abir , Kenny Hilary A. , Litchfield Lacey M. , Lengyel Ernst
Published: February 2015

A model of tumor metabolism is proposed that describes how the complementary metabolic functions of the local stroma and the tumor cells contribute to cancer progression. Cancer cells alter the metabolism of cancer-associated fibroblasts to obtain lactate and amino acids, which are utilized for energy production, rapid growth, and resistance to chemotherapy drugs. Cancer cells use glutamine supplied by cancer-associated fibroblasts to replenish tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates and as a nitrogen source for nucleotide synthesis. Moreover, adipocytes in the microenvironment attract cancer cells through the secretion of inflammatory cytokines and proteases. The cancer cells then induce metabolic changes in the adipocytes to acquire free fatty acids that are oxidized by cancer cells to generate energy for proliferation. Increasing knowledge about the metabolic symbiosis within the tumor has led to novel therapeutic strategies designed to restrict metabolic adaptation, including inhibiting lactate transporters and repurposing antidiabetic drugs (thiazolidinediones, metformin). Clin Cancer Res; 21(4); 680–6. ©2015 AACR.
CCR 20th Anniversary Commentary: Stayin' Alive—Antiapoptotic Proteins and Breast Cancer
Authors: Yee Douglas
Published: February 2015

The control of cell death involves a complex interaction of multiple proteins. In a study published in the January 1, 2000, issue of Clinical Cancer Research, Tanaka and colleagues demonstrated that one of the proapoptotic proteins, survivin, was frequently expressed in breast cancer. In the subsequent years, effectors of apoptosis have translated into important prognostic indicators and potential therapeutic targets. Clin Cancer Res; 21(4); 665–6. ©2015 AACR.

See related article by Tanaka et al., Clin Cancer Res 2000;6(1) January 2000;127–34
Anosognosia in People with Cognitive Impairment: Association with Cognitive Deficits and Behavioral Disturbances
Authors: De Carolis Antonella , Cipollini Virginia , Corigliano Valentina , Comparelli Anna , Sepe-Monti Micaela , Orzi Francesco , Ferracuti Stefano , Giubilei Franco
Published: February 2015

Aims: To investigate, in a group of subjects at an early stage of cognitive impairment, the relationship between anosognosia and both cognitive and behavioral symptoms by exploring the various domains of insight. Methods: One hundred and eight subjects affected by cognitive impairment were consecutively enrolled. The level of awareness was evaluated by means of the Clinical Insight Rating Scale (CIRS). Psychiatric symptoms were evaluated using the Italian version of the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI), whereas memory (memory index, MI) and executive (executive index, EI) functions were explored using a battery of neuropsychological tests and qualified by means of a single composite cognitive index score for each function. Results: A significant positive correlation between the total NPI score and global anosognosia score was found. Furthermore, both the MI and EI scores were lower in subjects with anosognosia than in those without anosognosia (p < 0.001 and p < 0.007, respectively). When the single domains of the CIRS were considered, anosognosia of reason of visit correlated with the EI score (r = -0.327, p = 0.01) and night-time behavioral disturbances (r = 0.225; p = 0.021); anosognosia of cognitive deficit correlated with depression (r = -0.193; p = 0.049) and the MI score (r = -0.201; p = 0.040); anosognosia of functional deficit correlated with the MI score (r = -0.257; p = 0.008), delusions (r = 0.232; p = 0.015) and aberrant motor behavior (r = 0.289; p = 0.003); anosognosia of disease progression correlated with the MI score (r = -0.236; p = 0.015), agitation (r = 0.247; p = 0.011), aberrant motor behavior (r = 0.351; p = 0.001) and night-time behavioral disturbances (r = 0.216; p = 0.027). Conclusions: Our study suggests that, in the early stage of cognitive impairment, anosognosia is associated with both cognitive deficits and behavioral disorders according to the specific functional anatomy of the symptoms.
Administration of Umbilical Cord Blood Cells Transiently Decreased Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Injury in Neonatal Rats
Authors: Hattori Tetsuo , Sato Yoshiaki , Kondo Taiki , Ichinohashi Yuko , Sugiyama Yuichiro , Yamamoto Michiro , Kotani Tomomi , Hirata Hitoshi , Hirakawa Akihiro , Suzuki Satoshi , Tsuji Masahiro , Ikeda Tomoaki , Nakanishi Keiko , Kojima Seiji , Blomgren Klas , Hayakawa Masahiro
Published: February 2015

This study aimed to investigate whether the administration of mononuclear cells derived from human umbilical cord blood cells (UCBCs) could ameliorate hypoxic-ischemic brain injury in a neonatal rat model. The left carotid arteries of 7-day-old rats were ligated, and the rats were then exposed to 8% oxygen for 60 min. Mononuclear cells derived from UCBCs using the Ficoll-Hypaque technique were injected intraperitoneally 6 h after the insult (1.0 × 107 cells). Twenty-four hours after the insult, the number of cells positive for the oxidative stress markers 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal and nitrotyrosine, in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus in the UCBC-treated group, decreased by 36 and 42%, respectively, compared with those in the control group. In addition, the number of cells positive for the apoptosis markers active caspase-3 and apoptosis-inducing factor decreased by 53 and 58%, respectively. The number of activated microglia (ED1-positive cells) was 51% lower in the UCBC group compared with the control group. In a gait analysis performed 2 weeks after the insult, there were no significant differences among the sham-operated, control and UCBC groups. An active avoidance test using a shuttle box the following week also revealed no significant differences among the groups. Neither the volumes of the hippocampi, corpus callosum and cortices nor the numbers of neurons in the hippocampus were different between the UCBC and control groups. In summary, a single intraperitoneal injection of UCBC-derived mononuclear cells 6 h after an ischemic insult was associated with a transient reduction in numbers of apoptosis and oxidative stress marker-positive cells, but it did not induce long-term morphological or functional protection. Repeated administration or a combination treatment may be required to achieve sustained protection.
Polyploidy in Archaea and Bacteria: About Desiccation Resistance, Giant Cell Size, Long-Term Survival, Enforcement by a Eukaryotic Host and Additional Aspects
Authors: Soppa Jörg
Published: February 2015

During recent years, it has become clear that many species of archaea and bacteria are polyploid and contain more than 10 copies of their chromosome. In this contribution, eight examples are discussed to highlight different aspects of polyploidy in prokaryotes. The species discussed are the bacteria Azotobacter vinelandii, Deinococcus radiodurans, Sinorhizobium meliloti, and Epulopiscium as well as the archaea Methanocaldococcus jannaschii, Methanococcus maripaludis, Haloferax volcanii, and haloarchaeal isolates from salt deposits. The topics include possible laboratory artifacts, resistance against double-strand breaks, long-term survival, relaxation of DNA segregation and septum formation, enforced polyploidy by a eukaryotic host, genome equalization by gene conversion, and the nongenetic usage of genomic DNA as a phosphate storage polymer. Together, the selected topics give an overview of the biodiversity of polyploidy in archaea and bacteria.
Quantitative Serum Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Metabolomics in Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Genetics
Authors: Soininen Pasi , Kangas Antti J. , Würtz Peter , Suna Teemu , Ala-Korpela Mika
Published: February 2015

Metabolomics is becoming common in epidemiology due to recent developments in quantitative profiling technologies and appealing results from their applications for understanding health and disease. Our team has developed an automated high-throughput serum NMR metabolomics platform that provides quantitative molecular data on 14 lipoprotein subclasses, their lipid concentrations and composition, apolipoprotein A-I and B, multiple cholesterol and triglyceride measures, albumin, various fatty acids as well as on numerous low-molecular-weight metabolites, including amino acids, glycolysis related measures and ketone bodies. The molar concentrations of these measures are obtained from a single serum sample with costs comparable to standard lipid measurements. We have analyzed almost 250 000 samples from around 100 epidemiological cohorts and biobanks and the new international set-up of multiple platforms will allow an annual throughput of more than 250 000 samples. The molecular data have been used to study type 1 and type 2 diabetes etiology as well as to characterize the molecular reflections of the metabolic syndrome, long-term physical activity, diet and lipoprotein metabolism. The results have revealed new biomarkers for early atherosclerosis, type 2 diabetes, diabetic nephropathy, cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality. We have also combined genomics and metabolomics in diverse studies. We envision that quantitative high-throughput NMR metabolomics will be incorporated as a routine in large biobanks; this would make perfect sense both from the biological research and cost point of view – the standard output of over 200 molecular measures would vastly extend the relevance of the sample collections and make many separate clinical chemistry assays redundant.
Toward a Material Modernism: Introduction to S. R. Choucair's
“How the Arab Understood Visual Art”
Authors: Scheid Kirsten
Published: February 2015

This introduction and commentary on Saloua Raouda Choucair's article “How the Arab Understood Visual Art” (translation by author in this issue) sets the context in which a private rebuke Choucair addressed to a former colleague for his ethnocentric cultural criticism became a quasi-manifesto for art (and social) modernism. It inventories the conceptual shifts Choucair pursued in her reevaluation of cultural criticism: shifts in the approach to time, matter, visuality, and Arabness. It explicates the lessons Choucair learned from Sufic Arab science, math, and philosophy (particularly Alhazenian optics) toward extracting an essentialist view of matter, which allowed art a serious public role for teaching people the possibilities available in modern social existence. It relates these findings to Choucair's own visual art.
How the Arab Understood Visual Art
Authors: Choucair Saloua Raouda
Published: February 2015

This introduction and commentary on Saloua Raouda Choucair's article “How the Arab Understood Visual Art” (translation by author in this issue) sets the context in which a private rebuke Choucair addressed to a former colleague for his ethnocentric cultural criticism became a quasi-manifesto for art (and social) modernism. It inventories the conceptual shifts Choucair pursued in her reevaluation of cultural criticism: shifts in the approach to time, matter, visuality, and Arabness. It explicates the lessons Choucair learned from Sufic Arab science, math, and philosophy (particularly Alhazenian optics) toward extracting an essentialist view of matter, which allowed art a serious public role for teaching people the possibilities available in modern social existence. It relates these findings to Choucair's own visual art.
The Moroccan Constitutional Transition: The Method of Contextualization and Mutual Interaction
Authors: Alicino Francesco
Published: February 2015

In this article the author analyses the influence of Islamic references in the 2011 Moroccan constitutional reform that, far from taking place in a vacuum, was informed both by an internal political perspective and by the broader context of what has come to be called the “Arab Spring”. It will be outlined that, on the one hand, Islamic legal tradition interacts with Western legal principles; while on the other hand the exceptionalism of the “Moroccan Spring” reveals that those very principles are contextualized and adapted within this executive Islamic monarchy.
Arctic Sea Ice Reemergence: The Role of Large-Scale Oceanic and Atmospheric Variability*
Authors: Bushuk Mitchell , Giannakis Dimitrios , Majda Andrew J.
Published: February 2015

Arctic sea ice reemergence is a phenomenon in which spring sea ice anomalies are positively correlated with fall anomalies, despite a loss of correlation over the intervening summer months. This work employs a novel data analysis algorithm for high-dimensional multivariate datasets, coupled nonlinear Laplacian spectral analysis (NLSA), to investigate the regional and temporal aspects of this reemergence phenomenon. Coupled NLSA modes of variability of sea ice concentration (SIC), sea surface temperature (SST), and sea level pressure (SLP) are studied in the Arctic sector of a comprehensive climate model and in observations. It is found that low-dimensional families of NLSA modes are able to efficiently reproduce the prominent lagged correlation features of the raw sea ice data. In both the model and observations, these families provide an SST–sea ice reemergence mechanism, in which melt season (spring) sea ice anomalies are imprinted as SST anomalies and stored over the summer months, allowing for sea ice anomalies of the same sign to reappear in the growth season (fall). The ice anomalies of each family exhibit clear phase relationships between the Barents–Kara Seas, the Labrador Sea, and the Bering Sea, three regions that compose the majority of Arctic sea ice variability. These regional phase relationships in sea ice have a natural explanation via the SLP patterns of each family, which closely resemble the Arctic Oscillation and the Arctic dipole anomaly. These SLP patterns, along with their associated geostrophic winds and surface air temperature advection, provide a large-scale teleconnection between different regions of sea ice variability. Moreover, the SLP patterns suggest another plausible ice reemergence mechanism, via their winter-to-winter regime persistence.
Moistening Processes for Madden–Julian Oscillations during DYNAMO/CINDY
Authors: Tseng Kai-Chih , Sui Chung-Hsiung , Li Tim
Published: February 2015

Lower-tropospheric (1000–700 hPa) moistening processes of the two Madden–Julian oscillations (MJOs) over the Indian Ocean during Dynamics of the MJO (DYNAMO)/Cooperative Indian Ocean Experiment on Intraseasonal Variability in Year 2011 (CINDY) are investigated by using soundings, operational assimilation, and satellite data. A scale-separated moisture budget is calculated at the sounding site by using time-decomposed wind and moisture fields. Each budget term is projected onto the intraseasonal moisture anomaly and its time tendency change. The projections and the corresponding temporal correlations are analyzed together with the temporal evolution of the budget terms to identify the dominant moistening process responsible for the MJO evolution. Results indicate that broad-scale advection by low-frequency and MJO flow and moisture fields are dominant moisture sources, while the residual of the moisture budget (−Q2) is a dominant sink contributing to the tendency term (propagation) and intraseasonal moisture anomaly (growth and decay). Dividing their life cycles into four phases (suppressed, cloud developing, convective, and decaying phases), the two MJOs exhibit different budget balances in the premoistening stage from the suppressed phase to the cloud-developing phase when low-frequency vertical motion is downward in MJO1 but upward in MJO2. The corresponding drying and moistening are balanced by negative Q2 (reevaporation in nonraining cloud) in MJO1 and positive Q2 in MJO2. The result implies that low-frequency flow (>60 days) can affect the initiation of MJOs. The premoistening in the lower troposphere by boundary layer moisture convergence leading the deep convection is observed but only in the cloud-developing phase to convective phase of the MJOs. Nonlinear moisture advection by synoptic disturbances always acts as a diffusive term. It is the dominant moisture source in the suppress phase of the two MJOs.
Relationship between Typhoons with Concentric Eyewalls and ENSO in the Western North Pacific Basin
Authors: Yang Yi-Ting , Kuo Hung-Chi , Hendricks Eric A. , Liu Yi-Chin , Peng Melinda S.
Published: February 2015

The typhoons with concentric eyewalls (CE) over the western North Pacific in different phases of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) between 1997 and 2012 are studied. They find a good correlation (0.72) between the annual CE typhoon number and the oceanic Niño index (ONI), with most of the CE typhoons occurring in the warm and neutral episodes. In the warm (neutral) episode, 55% (50%) of the typhoons possessed a CE structure. In contrast, only 25% of the typhoons possessed a CE structure in the cold episode. The CE formation frequency is also significantly different with 0.9 (0.2) CEs per month in the warm (cold) episode. There are more long-lived CE cases (CE structure maintained more than 20 h) and typhoons with multiple CE formations in the warm episodes. There are no typhoons with multiple CE formations in the cold episode. The warm episode CE typhoons generally have a larger size, stronger intensity, and smaller variation in convective activity and intensity. This may be due to the fact that the CE formation location is farther east in the warm episodes. Shifts in CE typhoon location with favorable conditions thus produce long-lived CE typhoons and multiple CE formations. The multiple CE formations may lead to expansion of the typhoon size.
Transparent and flexible capacitors based on nanolaminate Al2O3/TiO2/Al2O3
Authors: Zhang Guozhen , Wu Hao , Chen Chao , Wang Ti , Yue Jin , Liu Chang
Published: February 2015

Transparent and flexible capacitors based on nanolaminate Al2O3/TiO2/Al2O3 dielectrics have been fabricated on indium tin oxide-coated polyethylene naphthalate substrates by atomic layer deposition. A capacitance density of 7.8 fF/μm2 at 10 KHz was obtained, corresponding to a dielectric constant of 26.3. Moreover, a low leakage current density of 3.9 × 10−8 A/cm2 at 1 V has been realized. Bending test shows that the capacitors have better performances in concave conditions than in convex conditions. The capacitors exhibit an average optical transmittance of about 70% in visible range and thus open the door for applications in transparent and flexible integrated circuits.
Progressive sharing of multiple images with sensitivity-controlled decoding
Authors: Chang Sheng-Yu , Lee Suiang-Shyan , Yeh Tzu-Min , Chen Lee Shu-Teng , Lin Ja-Chen
Published: February 2015

Secure sharing of digital images is becoming an important issue. Consequently, many schemes for ensuring image sharing security have been proposed. However, existing approaches focus on the sharing of a single image, rather than multiple images. We propose three kinds of sharing methods that progressively reveal n given secret images according to the sensitivity level of each image. Method 1 divides each secret image into n parts and then combines and hides the parts of the images to get n steganographic (stego) JPEG codes of equal importance. Method 2 is similar; however, it allocates different stego JPEG codes of different ‘weights’ to indicate their strength. Method 3 first applies traditional threshold-sharing to the n secret images, then progressively shares k keys, and finally combines the two sharing results to get n stego JPEG codes. In the recovery phase, various parameters are compared to a pre-specified low/middle/high (L/M/H) threshold and, according to the respective method, determine whether or not secret images are reconstructed and the quality of the images reconstructed. The results of experiments conducted verify the efficacy of our methods.
A Nemytskii-Edelstein type fixed point theorem for partial metric spaces
Authors: Shahzad Naseer , Valero Oscar
Published: February 2015

In 1994, Matthews obtained an extension of the celebrated Banach fixed point theorem to the partial metric framework (Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 728:183-197, 1994). Motivated by the Matthews extension of the Banach theorem, we present a Nemytskii-Edelstein type fixed point theorem for self-mappings in partial metric spaces in such a way that the classical one can be retrieved as a particular case of our new result. We give examples which show that the assumed hypothesis in our new result cannot be weakened. Moreover, we show that our new fixed point theorem allows one to find fixed points of mappings in some cases in which the Matthews result and the classical Nemytskii-Edelstein one cannot be applied. Furthermore, we provide a negative answer to the question about whether our new result can be retrieved as a particular case of the classical Nemytskii-Edelstein one whenever the metrization technique, developed by Hitzler and Seda (Mathematical Aspects of Logic Programming Semantics, 2011), is applied to partial metric spaces.
Octopus arm movements under constrained conditions: adaptation, modification and plasticity of motor primitives
Authors: Richter Jonas N. , Hochner Binyamin , Kuba Michael J.
Published: February 2015

The motor control of the eight highly flexible arms of the common octopus (Octopus vulgaris) has been the focus of several recent studies. Our study is the first to manage to introduce a physical constraint to an octopus arm and investigate the adaptability of stereotypical bend propagation in reaching movements and the pseudo-limb articulation during fetching. Subjects (N=6) were placed inside a transparent Perspex box with a hole at the center that allowed the insertion of a single arm. Animals had to reach out through the hole toward a target, to retrieve a food reward and fetch it. All subjects successfully adjusted their movements to the constraint without an adaptation phase. During reaching tasks, the animals showed two movement strategies: stereotypical bend propagation reachings, which were established at the hole of the Perspex box and variant waving-like movements that showed no bend propagations. During fetching movements, no complete pseudo-joint fetching was observed outside the box and subjects pulled their arms through the hole in a pull-in like movement. Our findings show that there is some flexibility in the octopus motor system to adapt to a novel situation. However, at present, it seems that these changes are more an effect of random choices between different alternative motor programs, without showing clear learning effects in the choice between the alternatives. Interestingly, animals were able to adapt the fetching movements to the physical constraint, or as an alternative explanation, they could switch the motor primitive fetching to a different motor primitive ‘arm pulling’.
Review essay: Shuttered experiences and revolution; A. Agathangelou and N. Soguk, (eds), Arab Revolutions and World Transformations
Authors: Bartsidis Michalis , Tsibiridou Fotini
Published: February 2015

This review essay involves a critical presentation and reflection of the volume edited by Anna Agathangelou and Nerzat Soguk entitled Arab Revolutions and World Transformations (London: Routledge, 2013). This volume contributes to the enrichment of the problematic regarding the Arab uprisings and opens up a discussion on three basic issues: firstly, revolution within the framework of postcolonial critique; secondly, the encounters between the local and the global; and lastly on the impact of social poetics and aesthetics of people as agents, beyond dominant orientalised discourses and representations of otherness. Under the lens of political anthropology and philosophy, this review essay introduces to these critical approaches an additional focus, that of the concept of “dignity”. Its ethical dimension should remind us of the importance of affect on the building of the universally posed political questions concerning democracy, revolution, social movements, citizenship and civic virtue.

 
An Urban Frontier: Respatializing Government in Remote Northern Australia
Authors: Fisher Daniel T.
Published: February 2015

This essay draws on ethnographic research with Aboriginal Australians living in the parks and bush spaces of a Northern Australian city to analyze some new governmental measures by which remoteness comes to irrupt within urban space and to adhere to particular categories of people who live in and move through this space. To address this question in contemporary Northern Australia is also to address the changing character of the Australian government of Aboriginal people as it moves away from issues of redress and justice toward a state of emergency ostensibly built on settler Australian compassion and humanitarian concern. It also means engaging with the mediatization of politics and its relation to the broader, discursive shaping of such spatial categories as remote and urban. I suggest that remoteness forms part of the armory of recent political efforts to reshape Aboriginal policy in Northern Australia. These efforts leverage remoteness to diagnose the ills of contemporary Aboriginal society, while producing remoteness itself as a constitutive feature of urban space.
Studies on Computer-Aided Design and Analysis of Three-Phase Semifluidized Bed Bioreactors
Authors: Narayanan C. M.
Published: February 2015

Attempts have been made to perform computer-aided analysis and simulation of the performance of a three-phase semifluidized bed bioreactor. The bioreactor is of biofilm type. Cocurrent operation with liquid (substrate solution) forming the continuous phase has been considered. Both air and feed solution are thus admitted from the bottom, the air moving up as tiny bubbles. Being semifluidized, the bioreactor is composed of a fully fluidized bed at the bottom and a packed bed at the top. The performance of the bioreactor is analysed by assuming it to be equivalent to two plug flow dispersion reactors (PFDRs) in series, each with a different value of dispersion number/axial dispersion coefficient. The performance equations (assuming dispersed flow) for both sections are written separately and then solved numerically using fourth-order Runge–Kutta method/successive over-relaxation method, based on appropriate boundary conditions. The specific case considered is the aerobic synthesis of Xanthan gum from cheese whey permeate, which follows Contois-type kinetic equation. The fractional gas holdup in both sections, height ratio of fluidized section to packed section and the semifluidization velocity are computed at the outset from selected experimental correlations (compiled from available literature). The results obtained from the developed software package, after verifying experimentally, are used to study and illustrate the performance characteristics of the bioreactor. It is observed that the three-phase semifluidized bed biofilm reactor of proposed design provides substantially large fractional conversion of substrate at large capacities, with relatively low reactor volume requirement.
Understanding and misunderstanding in the Common European Framework of Reference: what we can learn from research on BELF and Intercultural Communication
Authors: Pitzl Marie-Luise
Published: February 2015

Building on descriptive findings and theoretical insights from research on Intercultural Communication (IC) and English as a lingua franca (ELF), with a special emphasis on research in business contexts (i.e., BELF), this article examines how understanding and instances of miscommunication such as misunderstanding or breakdown are represented and discursively constructed in the Common European Framework of Reference (CEFR) (Council of Europe 2001). Using corpus linguistic methods, the analysis shows how the intercultural and linguistically diverse nature of interactions is portrayed as leading to – and being responsible for – the occurrence of misunderstanding in the CEFR. The observed patterns are equivalent to “analytic stereotyping” (Sarangi 1994: 409) of intercultural communication criticized by scholars already twenty years ago. The present paper argues that the deficit portrait of intercultural communication in the CEFR may be based on a number of implicit logical fallacies, such as the idealized notion that L1 communication is perfect and devoid of miscommunication. It is suggested that (E)LT discourse and language teaching practice would benefit from abandoning these essentialist concepts in favor of a more realistic approach to understanding as a jointly negotiated and interactional process as is proposed by many (B)ELF and IC researchers.
The Effect of Pressure on the Electrical Conductivity of the Molten Halides of Mercury and the Molten Iodides of Cadmium, Gallium and Indium
Authors: Cleaver Brian , Zani Pietro
Published: February 2015

The electrical conductivities of molten HgCl2, HgBr2, Hgl2, Cdl2, Gal3 and InI3 were measured to pressures of 1 GPa (10 kbar), using a heated pressure vessel pressurised with argon. Additionally, the conductivities of CdI2 and HgCl2 were measured from 2 to 6 GPa, using a tetrahedral anvil apparatus. In every case the conductivity rose with pressure initially, and this is thought to be due to an increase in the degree of self-ionisation of the liquid. For CdI2 and Hgl2 a maximum was observed in the conductivity isotherm below 1 GPa, and for HgCl2 the conductivity fell with pressure from 2 to 6 GPa, implying that a maximum exists between 1 and 2 GPa. At the maximum the degree of ionisation approaches unity, and there is a balance between the competing effects of pressure in increasing the degree of ionisation and in reducing the ionic mobilities.
Notizen:Violation of Kruszewski’s Rule
Authors: Gutman I. , Juranić I.
Published: February 2015

Violations of Kruszewski’s rule occur in the case of the annelation of (4m)-membered rings, provided m is sufficiently large. In many cases the violation starts even with m = 2.
Alfven Wave Excitation in a Cavity with a Transverse Magnetic Field
Authors: Bureš M.
Published: February 2015

A transversely magnetized cylindrical plasma model with an internal rod conductor is used to approximate the FIVA internal ring device of Spherator type with a purely poloidal magnetic field. It is shown that an excitation asymmetry along the plasma column, i.e. with a wave number k2 ≠ 0, introduces a coupling between the magnetoacoustic and shear Alfven waves in the frequency range ω ≪ ωci. The introduction of an equilibrium mass motion along the plasma cylinder introduces a flow continuum. Simultaneously the Alfven resonance frequency becomes Doppler shifted. The experimental observations indicate that cavity modes do not build up in the FIVA device in the case of nonsymmetric excitation. If on the other hand the exciting structure becomes symmetric, i.e. with k2 = 0, the magnetoacoustic resonances become excited. The resulting Q values are rather low which indicates that the coupling to the shear wave through the Hall electric field cannot be neglected
Unrestricted Harmonic Balance
Authors: Seelig Friedrich Franz
Published: February 2015

The method of Unrestricted Harmonic Balance (UHB) as exposed and applied to purely timedependent systems, stiff systems, and chemical waves in the preceding 3 papers is extended to the case of transcendental functions. So, e.g., exponential functions even in mass action kinetics systems occur, if a wider range of temperature is considered as is the case in continuous stirred tank reactors (CSTR). Here the reaction heat is removed by heat exchangers, but since the volume is in most cases considerable, the system cannot be kept strictly isothermal and instabilities are known to arise. Here the oscillatory case is treated with the method of UHB
ESR of Cation Radicals of Vinyl Monomers in a CF3CCI3 Matrix
Authors: Tabata M. , Lund A.
Published: February 2015

Molecular cations of the vinyl monomers acrolein, methylacrylate and methylmetacrylate have been prepared by irradiation at 77 K of the monomers contained in a CF3CCI3 matrix. The ions have been studied by ESR. The effect of photobleaching has been investigated
Nuclear Shell Structure in the Light of Quark Theory
Authors: Bleuler K. , Merk S. , Petry H. R.
Published: February 2015

Realizing that the internal structure of nucleons undergoes appreciable changes through embedding into nuclear matter the finite nucleus is considered from the outset as a correlated system of quarks. As an appropriate approximation scheme we introduce an extended bag model, i.e. a bag with nuclear radius containing all 3n quarks of the n-nucleon system. As the direct interaction we choose a SU (3)-invariant generalized pairing force which is supposed to contain the major effects of the more general term. As a result of the calculations containing a.o. a rigorous diagonalization of the total Hamiltonian, the characteristic properties of the conventional (nuclear) shell structure are reproduced: The spin orbit splitting appears now as a property of the relativistic single quark states, and the independent nucleon states are represented by correlated 3-quark-clusters. In addition, the nuclear radius law follows directly from a normal value of the vacuum pressure.
The Chaotic Hierarchy
Authors: Rössler Otto E.
Published: February 2015

The complexity of dynamical behavior possible in nonlinear (for example, electronic) systems depends only on the number of state variables involved. Single-variable dissipative dynamical systems (like the single-transistor flip-flop) can only possess point attractors. Two-variable systems (like an LC-oscillator) can possess a one-dimensional attractor (limit cycle). Three-variable systems admit two even more complicated types of behavior: a toroidal attractor (of doughnut shape) and a chaotic attractor (which looks like an infinitely often folded sheet). The latter is easier to obtain. In four variables, we analogously have the hyper-toroidal and the hyper-chaotic attractor, respectively; and so forth. In every higher-dimensional case, all of the lower forms are also possible as well as “mixed cases” (like a combined hypertoroidal and chaotic motion, for example). Ten simple ordinary differential equations, most of them easy to implement electronically, are presented to illustrate the hierarchical tree. A second tree, in which one more dimension is needed for every type, is called the weak hierarchy because the chaotic regimes contained cannot be detected physically and numerically. The relationship between the two hierarchies is posed as an open question. It may be approached empirically - using electronic systems, for example.
Chemiluminescent Oxidation Reaction of Eu2+ Ions with H2O2
Authors: Elbanowski Marian , Wierzchowski Jacek , Paetz Maria , Sławiński Janusz
Published: February 2015

A series of chemiluminescence (CL) investigations of rare earth ions in redox reactions has been initiated. The study of oxidation reactions of Eu2+ - uncomplexed and complexed by ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) -with H2O2 has revealed a distinct CL of Eu3+ with two-phasic kinetics, controlled by pH and the concentration of H2O2.
Topological Effect on MO Energies. III
Authors: Fabian W. , Motoc I. , Polansky O. E.
Published: February 2015

The approach of the S and T isomers is applied to eight pairs of topologically related hetero-cyclic molecules with non-isomorphic partial structures. The CNDO/2 calculations as well as the experimental data clearly support the TEMO predictions.
Brillouin Scattering in Liquid Benzene Under High Pressure
Authors: Asenbaum A. , Hochheimer H. D.
Published: February 2015

Brillouin spectra have been measured in liquid Benzene at high pressures up to 1300 bar and at the temperatures 298.15 K, 313.15 K, 323.15 K. and 343.15 K. From the experimental spectra the hypersound velocities and the energy relaxation times were determined. The total velocity dispersion ν2
∞/ν2
0 due to the relaxation of the vibrational specific heat c, is found to be nearly density independent in the pressure interval under study. It follows further that the experimentally determined specific heat corresponds to the theoretical value calculated with the vibrational modes of the Benzene molecule. The energy relaxation time t, connected with all vibrational modes but the lowest decreases with increasing density at constant temperature, at constant density τ1 decreases with growing temperature. The relative relaxation rates were used to test the cell model (CM) with movable walls and the collision theory (HS) of Einwohner and Alder. Using a hard sphere diameter derived from ex-perimental transport coefficients the experimental results were predicted better by HS than by CM.
Liouville Equation, Painlevé Property and Bäcklund Transformation
Authors: Steeb W.-H. , Kloke M. , Spieker B. M.
Published: February 2015

We demonstrate that a Bäcklund transformation for the Liouville equation can be obtained in a straightforward manner from the Painlevé property of this equation.
A Fundamental Study on Uranium Isotope Separation Using U(IV)—U(VI) Electron Exchange Reaction
Authors: Fukuda Junji , Fujii Yasuhiko , Okamoto Makoto
Published: February 2015

Displacement chromatography of electron-exchange reaction between U(IV) and U(VI) has been accomplished in an anion exchange resin column using Ti(III) ion as a reductant and Fe(III) ion as an oxidant. The details of the so-called redox-process for uranium isotope separation are described. The temperature dependencies of the elementary separation coefficient and the equilibrium constant of the isotope exchange reaction are discussed using the analytical data obtained by a series of separation experiments at different temperatures.
Luminescence and Laser Properties of the 10-Phenyl-9-acetoxyanthracene Derivatives
Authors: Heidt Janina R.
Published: February 2015

Absorption and fluorescence spectra, fluorescence quantum yield and decay time have been measured for eight new 10-phenyl-9-acetoxyanthracene derivatives. It is found that the strength of the absorption transition is independent of the phenyl and anthracene substitution, whereas the strength of the fluorescence transition depends more on the functional groups substituted in the anthracene ring then in the phenyl ring. The loss of mirror symmetry between the absorption and emission spectra and the large values of the Stokes shift suggest that, due to perturbation of the functional groups, the molecular geometries of the S0 and S*
1 states are different.

The investigated compounds show laser action. The relative value of the absorption threshold power, the gain spectra and the lasing region have been determined. It is found that the amplified spontaneous emission and gain spectra depend on the interaction of the substituted phenyl ring with the π-electrons of the anthracene ring
Magnetic Circular Dichroism and Molecular Orbital Studies on Condensed Thiadiazoles
Authors: Tajiri Akio , Winkler Johannes
Published: February 2015

Magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) spectra of some thiadiazoles have revealed the characteristic π → π* transitions in cata-condensed thiadiazoles. Within the framework of the PPP method quantum mechanical calculations have been carried out in order to give a reasonable explanation for the MCD spectra, resulting in a fairly good agreement between the experimental and theoretical Faraday parameters
Experimental Determination of the Form and Structure Factor of Molten Lithium
Authors: Olbrich H. , Ruppersberg H. , Steeb S.
Published: February 2015

The aim of the present paper is to state differences in the spatial distribution of valency electrons for free metal atoms and for molten metals. The element lithium was chosen since both its inner and outer electrons play an important role, so that when a precise X-ray and a precise neutron-diffraction experiment have been carried out a difference, if it exists at all. should be recognizable. The correction of the X-ray data for inelastic, i.e. Compton scattering was done on the basis of an inelastic measurement performed on a spectrometer equipped with a position sensitive detector.

The structure factors S (q) calculated from the X-ray and neutron diffraction data show very good coincidence within the whole q-range. Slight deviations for 0 ≦ q ≦ 1.7 Å-1 are discussed but yield no hint at all on electron correlations independent of the nuclei.
Ab Initio Calculations of the Molecular Structures and the Electronic Properties of Phospha-AlkynesR-C≡P(R=H,CH3,NH2,OH, F and Cl)
Authors: Nguyen Minh Tho
Published: February 2015

Results of ab initio SCF calculations on phospha-alkynes R-C≡P with R=H. CH3, NH2, OH. F and Cl are reported. The geometries were optimized by the force method with analytical gradient employing double zeta (DZ) basis sets. Various molecular and one-electron properties are calculated with double zeta plus polarization functions (DZ + P) and compared with experimental ones. The effect of substituents is analysed in terms of computed properties.
MNDO Studies on Electron Affinity and Ionization Potentials of Polycyano Derivatives of some Unsaturated Hydrocarbons and Benzene
Authors: Mirek Julian , Buda Andrzej
Published: February 2015

Semiempirical MNDO calculations with optimization of geometry were carried out for several polycyano derivatives of some unsaturated hydrocarbons and benzene. The results show that the MNDO method overestimates the AEA s (adiabatic electron affinity) by about 0.575 eV. as is seen from the equation AEAexp = 0.998 AEAMNDO - 0.575; R = 0.9995. It was found that there exists a linear correlation between the energies of LUMO and the AEA's of the investigated compounds: AEA = - 1078 LUMO + 0.387; R = 0.9979 for 40 points.

MNDO does not show a linear correlation of AEA with IP (ionization potential). Generally, with increasing number of cyano substituents in unsaturated hydrocarbons the energy of HOMO and LUMO decreases, but this may not necessarily be true for higher molecular orbitals.
Stark Effect Measured by Microwave Fourier Transform Spectroscopy
Authors: Kasten W. , Stahl W. , Dreizler H.
Published: February 2015

We present the test measurements with a Stark cell for Microwave Fourier Transform Spectroscopy, which is precise enough to improve the measurement of dipole moments
Freedericksz Transition in Hybrid Aligned Nematic Liquid Crystal Cell
Authors: Barbero G.
Published: February 2015

We analyse the Freedericksz transition and the flexoelectric deformation in a hybrid aligned nematic liquid crystal cell. We show that the threshold field for the first effect is smaller than that for a homogeneous sample.

The calculations are made in the one constant approximation and in the general situation.

Furthermore, in the adiabatic approximation we calculated the polarization plane rotation vs. the applied magnetic field, in the one constant approximation. A similar calculation is made for the flexoelectric effect. In particular we show that it is possible to extend the analysis to a situation of weak anchoring energy.
23Na Nuclear Magnetic Relaxation Times in Pig Tissue
Authors: Brändle Ulrich , Kammerer Elmar , Köhnlein Doris , Lutz Otto
Published: February 2015

Longitudinal relaxation times T1 and linewidths of 23Na have been measured in the following tissues of pig: lung, heart, kidney, spleen, liver, and muscle. T1 shows typical values between 12 ms and 25 ms, suitable values for 23Na NMR imaging.
A Contribution to the Investigation of T2-Relaxation: Rotational Transitions of OCS and SO2
Authors: Mehrotra S. C. , Bestmann G. , Dreizler H. , Mäder H.
Published: February 2015

With use of a Fourier transform microwave spectrometer in the range of 4 GHz to 18 GHz, the pressure dependence of collisional coherence dephasing times T2 at room temperature has been determined for (a) the transition J = 0 → J =1 of OCS, 18OCS, and OC34S, (b) nine transitions of SO2 in ground state having 13 ≦ J ≦ 59, and (c) eight transitions of SO2 having 12 ≦ 7 ≦ 55 in the first excited bending vibrational state, where J is the rotational quantum number of the lower state.
Internal Rotation Analysis of the Ground State Microwave Spectrum of 2-Bromopropene
Authors: Fliege E. , Dreizler H.
Published: February 2015

The microwave spectrum of 2-bromopropene was reinvestigated with the use of microwave Fourier transform spectroscopy. For the two isotopic species CH3C79Br=CH2 and CH3C81Br=CH2 the bromine quadrupole coupling was determined with higher accuracy. The barrier hindering internal methyl rotation was obtained from the ground state.
Proton NMR Studies of the Smectic-G Phase of Terephthalylidene-Bis-4-n-propylaniline (TBPrA)
Authors: Limmer St. , Findeisen M.
Published: February 2015

Proton NMR studies and lineshape simulations of the smectic-G phase of TBPrA are presented. From them a model for the layer arrangement in smectic-G is suggested. It postulates a freezing-in of the layer structure at the smectic-C -G phase transition. The layer normals are inclined at a fixed angle to the polarizing magnetic field corresponding to the tilt angle at the end of the C phase. The tilt of the molecular directors in the G phase is much greater (because of a relatively large negative jump in the layer thickness at the C-G-transition) and grows with decreasing temperature. Moreover a distribution of the molecular directors on the fictive tilt cone (in smectic-G there is no possibility for the directors to reorient about the layer normal as in smectic-C) has to be employed to get a good fit to the experimental data.
ESR Study of Molecular Ordering in PEBAB and PMBAB
Authors: Rao N. V. S. , Pisipati V. G. K. M. , Prasad P. V. Datta , Saran D.
Published: February 2015

An ESR study of the nematic liquid crystals PEBAB and PMBAB has been carried out using a nitroxide radical as paramagnetic probe. The order parameter (5) determined this way are in close agreement with those determined by NMR. For EBAB our S values differ from those determined by ESR with a different probe (VAAC).
Formation of Carbon Dioxide in the Belousov-Zhabotinsky-Reaction
Authors: Försterling H. D. , Idstein H. , Pachl R. , Schreiber H.
Published: February 2015

The rate of formation of CO2 in the BZ system is measured and compared to the predictions of the Field-Körös-Noyes (FKN)-theory. The experimental rate is found to be larger than the theoretical rate by a factor of about 100. This discrepancy cannot be easily explained without severe changes in the FKN model. Moreover, improved rate constants of the most important organic reactions in the BZ system are given.
Excited-state Reactions of 4-methylumbelliferone Studied by Nanosecond Fluorometry
Authors: Baiter Aleksander , Roliński Olaf
Published: February 2015

Excited-state protolytic reactions of 4-methylumbelliferone were studied using pulse and phase fluorometry.

A concept of internal convolution which simplifies the data analysis was applied. The fluorescence decay of the excited neutral species was found to be monoexponential, while the decay of the long-wavelength emitting species (most probably a zwitterion) is biexponential.

An excited-state reactions model is proposed, in which the rapidly dissociating cation is an intermediate between the neutral and zwitterionic species.