bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Determinants of Kangaroo Mother Care among low-birth-weight infants in low resource settings
Authors: Lawal Temitayo Victor , Lawal Damilola Israel , Adeleye Oluwafemi John
Published: September 2023

Kangaroo Mother Care involves direct contact between a baby’s bare skin and a caregiver, typically the mother. It has many benefits for both baby and caregiver and is often used to regulate body temperature, promote breastfeeding, enhance growth, and bonding. This study aims to explore factors associated with Kangaroo Mother Care uptake in low-resource countries for babies born with low-birth-weight. Demographic and Health Survey data from 34 low- and middle- income countries were analyzed. Cross-sectional data of 57,223 children were pooled and analyzed. Hierarchical multivariable analysis was performed to determine the factors associated with skin-to-skin contact. Statistical significance was set to 5%. The prevalence of Kangaroo Mother Care ranged from 11.04% to 84.36%; highest in Benin (84.36%), Tajikistan (80.88%), and Uganda (80.86%) and lowest in Burundi (11.04%), Bangladesh (16.58%), and Pakistan (19.24%). Higher odds of Kangaroo Mother Care were estimated among low-birth-weight infants who were put to breast immediately, had low-birth-weight (≥1.5kg), born through normal delivery, born at health facility, those whose mothers were exposed to media, had high antenatal care visits, had formal education, and in the younger age bracket. Also, women living in communities with high illiteracy, countries in the lower-middle income region had higher odds of Kangaroo Mother Care. Women domiciled in Europe and Central Asia, Sub-Saharan Africa, Latin America and The Caribbeans, and East Asia and Pacific had lower odds of Kangaroo Mother Care. This study found a low uptake of Kangaroo Mother Care in countries with limited resources, which is a concerning issue that requires urgent attention. Increasing awareness, education, and support for mothers and families to practice Kangaroo Mother Care, as well as training healthcare practitioners, can lead to better outcomes for newborns and reduce neonatal death.
Magnitude of neonatal meningitis and associated factors among newborns with neonatal sepsis admitted to the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, North Gondar, Ethiopia
Authors: Wondimu Mulugeta Nigusu , Toni Alemayehu Teklu , Zamanuel Teshome Geletaw
Published: September 2023

Background

Neonatal meningitis continues to be a devastating infection with high mortality and morbidity worldwide. The prevalence of neonatal meningitis varies across countries. However, there is a paucity of studies on neonatal meningitis in most low-resource settings. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the magnitude, clinical presentations, and associated risk factors of meningitis among newborns with neonatal sepsis.

Method

An institution-based, cross-sectional study was conducted among newborns with neonatal sepsis from May 1, 2021, to Oct 30, 2021. Neonates with neonatal sepsis admitted to the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital (UOGCSH) during the study period were included in the study. Single population proportion formula was used to calculate the sample size and a systematic random sampling technique was used to select the study participants. Two trained pediatric residents collected the data by using a pretested, structured questionnaire. The data was entered into Epi-info version 7.0 and exported to SPSS version 24.0 for analysis. Binary logistic regression was used to identify the associated factors. P-value<0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Result

A total of 171 participants were enrolled in this study. The mean postnatal age was 10.74±8.0 days. The male to female ratio was l.3:1. The prevalence of neonatal meningitis among suspected sepsis was 19.3%; 95% CI [13.5%-25.1%]. The prevalence of meningitis was 22.8% in Early-Onset Neonatal Sepsis and 16.8% in Late-onset Neonatal Sepsis. Neurologic symptoms (seizure & altered mentation) were seen in 25% of the patients with meningitis. Two risk factors, Prolonged labor (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 4.98; 95% CI: 1.99–12.48) and Prolonged Rupture of Membrane (AOR: 5:38; 95% CI: 1.92–14.42) were significantly associated with neonatal meningitis.

Conclusion

The prevalence of neonatal meningitis was higher in early-onset neonatal sepsis than in late-onset neonatal sepsis. Obstetric factors were associated with neonatal meningitis. We recommend that routine CSF analysis should be practiced in all neonates with neonatal sepsis regardless of their postnatal age and clinical features. Early detection and treatment of obstetric factors may have the potential to reduce neonatal meningitis.
Rotavirus and bacterial diarrhoea among children in Ile-Ife, Nigeria: Burden, risk factors and seasonality
Authors: Omotade Temiloluwa Ifeoluwa , Babalola Toluwani Ebun , Anyabolu Chineme Henry , Japhet Margaret Oluwatoyin
Published: September 2023

Background

Diarrhoea is a leading cause of death among under-five children globally, with sub-Saharan Africa alone accounting for 1/3 episodes yearly. Viruses, bacteria and parasites may cause diarrhoea. Rotavirus is the most common viral aetiology of diarrhoea in children less than five years globally. In Nigeria, there is scarce data on the prevalence/importance, burden, clinical/risk factors and seasonality of rotavirus and bacteria and this study aims to determine the role of rotavirus and bacteria on diarrhoea cases in children less than five years in Ile-Ife, Nigeria.

Methods

Socio-demographic data, environmental/risk factors and diarrhoiec stool samples were collected from children less than five years presenting with acute diarrhoea. Rotavirus was identified using ELISA. Bacteria pathogens were detected using cultural technique and typed using PCR. Diarrhoeagenic E. coli (DEC) isolates were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Pathogen positive and negative samples were compared in terms of gender, age-group, seasonal distribution, and clinical/risk factors using chi-square with two-tailed significance. SPSS version 20.0.1 for Windows was used for statistical analysis.

Results

At least one pathogen was detected from 63 (60.6%) children having gastroenteritis while 28 (44.4%) had multiple infections. Rotavirus was the most detected pathogen. Prevalence of rotavirus mono-infection was 22%, multiple infection with bacteria was 45%. Mono-infection prevalence of DEC, Shigella spp., and Salmonella spp. were 5.8% (6/104), 5.8% (6/104), and 2.9% (3/104) and co-infection with RVA were 23.1% (24/104), 21.2% (22/104) and 10.6% (11/104) respectively. All rotaviral infections were observed in the dry season. The pathotypes of DEC detected were STEC and EAEC. Parent earnings and mid-upper arm circumference measurement have statistical correlation with diarrhoea (p = 0.034; 0.035 respectively).

Conclusion

In this study, rotavirus was more prevalent than bacteria and occurred only in the dry season. Among bacteria aetiologies, DEC was the most common detected. Differences in seasonal peaks of rotavirus and DEC could be employed in diarrhoea management in Nigeria and other tropical countries to ensure optimal limited resources usage in preventing diarrhoea transmission and reducing indiscriminate use of antibiotics.
Research of the crankshaft high cycle bending fatigue experiment design method based on the modified unscented Kalman filtering algorithm and the SAFL approach
Authors: Rui Shuyang , Jiang Dongdong , Sun Songsong , Gong Xiaolin
Published: September 2023

In modern engineering application, enough high cycle bending fatigue strength is the necessary factor to provide the basic safety security for the application of the crankshaft in automobile engines (both diesel and gasoline types). At present, this parameter is usually obtained through the standard bending fatigue experiment process, which is time consuming and expensive. In this paper, a new accelerated crankshaft bending fatigue experiment was proposed step by step. First the loading procedure was quickened through the prediction of the residual fatigue life based on the UKF (unscented Kalman filtering algorithm). Then the accuracy of the predictions was improved based on the modified sampling range and the theory of fracture mechanics. Finally the statistical analysis method of the fatigue limit load was performed based on the above predictions. The main conclusion of this paper is that the proposed accelerated bending fatigue experiment can save more than 30% of the bending fatigue experiment period and provide nearly the same fatigue limit load analysis result. In addition, compared with the particle filtering algorithm method, the modified UKF can provide much higher accuracy in predicting the residual bending fatigue life of the crankshaft, which makes this method more superior to be applied in actual engineering.
Changes in anxiety in the general population over a six-year period
Authors: Hinz Andreas , Esser Peter , Friedrich Michael , Glaesmer Heide , Mehnert-Theuerkauf Anja , Schroeter Matthias L. , Petrowski Katja , Toussaint Anne
Published: September 2023

Background

Anxiety is a frequent condition in patients and in the general population. The aim of this study was to investigate changes in anxiety over time and to test several psychometric properties of the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Screener (GAD-7) from a longitudinal perspective.

Methods

The GAD-7 was included in an examination with two waves, six years apart. The study sample (n = 5355) was comprised of representatively selected adults from the general population with a mean age of 57.3 (SD = 12.3) years.

Results

During the 6-year time interval, anxiety increased significantly from 3.28 ± 3.16 (t1) to 3.66 ± 3.46 (t2). Confirmatory factor analyses proved the longitudinal measurement invariance of the GAD-7. Reliability of the GAD-7 was established both for the cross-sectional and the longitudinal perspective. The test-retest correlation was r = 0.53, and there were no substantial sex or age differences in these coefficients of temporal stability. The mean changes in anxiety were similar for males and females, and there was no linear age trend in the changes measured by the GAD-7. Changes in anxiety over the 6-year period were correlated with changes in satisfaction with life (r = -0.30), bodily complaints (r = 0.31), and the mental component of quality of life (r = -0.48).

Conclusion

The GAD-7 is a suitable instrument for measuring changes in anxiety. Age and gender have only minor significance when interpreting change scores.
Health and wellbeing among the empty nest and non-empty nest elderly in China—Results from a national cross-sectional study
Authors: Xu Sijie , Yang Xiaocong , Liu Jieyu , Chong Marc Ka-chun , Cheng Yu , Gong Weiwei , Zou Guanyang
Published: September 2023

Background

The number of empty nest elderly in China has gradually increased in recent years. There is growing concern about the physical and mental health of this population as empty nest elderly are commonly at the risk of compromising health, home safety and quality of life. This study reported the health and well-being of empty nest elderly with regards to their health status, depression and satisfaction, lifestyle as compared to non-empty nest elderly in China.

Methods

Data was collected from the 2018 follow-up interviews of China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Survey. We included 4,630 empty nest elderly and 6,188 non-empty nest elderly. Chi-square Test and Logistic Regression were used to compare the differences between these two groups.

Results

As compared to the non-empty nest elderly, there was higher proportion of empty nest elderly who suffered from dyslipidemia, diabetes, chronic lung diseases, heart attack (27.0% vs. 25.0%; 16.6% vs. 15.1%; 19.4% vs. 16.4%; 26.3% vs. 23.4%, P < 0.05). The empty nest elderly had higher proportion of participants who drank more than once a month (25.3% vs. 23.9%, P < 0.05), who felt satisfied with their marriage (71.6% vs. 66.2%, P < 0.001), who were satisfied with their children’s relationship (85.2% vs. 83.2%, P < 0.001). However, these significances disappeared in the Logistic Regression analysis (P > 0.05).

Conclusion

Our study showed that significant between-group difference was found between empty nest elderly and non-empty nest elderly in their health and wellbeing. However, disappearance of such difference in the multivariable analysis may indicate improved health and wellbeing among the empty nest elderly. Even though our study still suggested the importance of improving the health, lifestyles and family dynamics of the elderly and promoting the integration of health and social care for the elderly, especially among the empty nest elderly.
Impact of mental health stigma on help-seeking in the Caribbean: Systematic review
Authors: Gallimore Jay-Bethenny , Gonzalez Diaz Katya , Gunasinghe Cerisse , Thornicroft Graham , Taylor Salisbury Tatiana , Gronholm Petra C.
Published: September 2023

Background

Mental health conditions often go untreated, which can lead to long-term poor emotional, social physical health and behavioural outcomes, and in some cases, suicide. Mental health-related stigma is frequently noted as a barrier to help seeking, however no previous systematic review has considered evidence from the Caribbean specifically. This systematic review aimed to address two research questions: (1) What is the impact of mental health stigma on help-seeking in the Caribbean? (2) What factors underlie the relationship between stigma and help-seeking in the Caribbean?

Methods

A systematic search was conducted across six electronic databases (Medline, Embase, Global Health, PsychInfo, Scopus and LILACS). The search included articles published up to May 2022. Experts in the field were consulted to provide publication recommendations and references of included studies were checked. Data synthesis comprised of three components: a narrative synthesis of quantitative findings, a thematic analysis of qualitative findings, and a meta-synthesis combining these results.

Results

The review included nine articles (reflecting eight studies) totaling 1256 participants. A conceptual model was derived from the meta-synthesis, identifying three themes in relation to mental health stigma and help-seeking in the Caribbean: (i) Making sense of mental health conditions’; (ii) Anticipated/Experienced stigma-related experiences and (iii) Individual characteristics.

Conclusion

This review provides insights into the relationship between mental health stigma and help-seeking in the Caribbean based upon the current research evidence. This can be applied in the design of culturally appropriate future research, and to support policy and practice towards stigma reduction, and improved mental care help-seeking in the Caribbean.
Integrating current analyses of the breast cancer microbiome
Authors: Sohail Sidra , Burns Michael B.
Published: September 2023

Many cancer types have significant associations with their resident microbial communities—emerging evidence suggests that breast cancers also interact with the local tissue-associated microbiota. Microbiome research advances rapidly and analysis pipelines and databases are updated frequently. This dynamic environment makes comparative evaluations challenging. Here, we have integrated all publicly available studies related to breast cancer and the mammary microbiome in light of advances in this rapidly progressing field. Based on alpha diversity, beta diversity, proportional abundance, and statistical analyses, we observed differences between our modern analytical approaches and the original findings. We were able to classify and identify additional taxa across samples through abundance analyses and identify previously unidentified statistically significant taxa. In our updated analyses there were more taxa identified as statistically significant in comparison to the original studies’ results. In the re-analysis for The Microbiome of Aseptically Collected Human Breast Tissue in Benign and Malignant Disease by Hieken et al., there were twelve statistically significant differentially abundant taxa identified in breast tissue microbiota in benign and invasive cancer disease states. In the re-analysis for The Microbiota of Breast Tissue and Its Association with Breast Cancer by Urbaniak et al., there were 18 taxa identified as statistically significant. In the re-analysis for Characterization of the microbiome of nipple aspirate fluid of breast cancer survivors by Chan et al., there were three genera identified as statistically significant in the skin and fluid samples. Our work has discovered that reanalyses are necessary for microbiome studies, especially older 16S studies. Through our re-analysis, we classified and identified more phyla and genera across studies, which supports the notion that reanalyses provide new insights to the microbiome field and help to assess robusticity of previously published findings by using new and updated tools and databases.
Estimating the prevalence and characteristics of people in severe social isolation in 29 European countries: A secondary analysis of data from the European Social Survey round 9 (2018–2020)
Authors: Amendola Simone , Cerutti Rita , von Wyl Agnes
Published: September 2023

The main aim of the present study was to estimate the prevalence of people in severe social isolation as a proxy for high risk of hikikomori using data from 29 European countries. The relationship between the presence/absence of severe social isolation and demographic and psychosocial variables was also investigated. Publicly available data from the European Social Survey (ESS) round 9 collected between August 2018 and January 2020 were used. Data from the ESS round 1 (September 2002 –December 2003) and round 10 (September 2020 –May 2022) were also examined to investigate changes in the prevalence of severe social isolation over time. Analyses were restricted to the working-age population (15–64 years). A complex sampling design to obtain weighted prevalence and results was used. The study protocol was preregistered online on the Open Science Framework (https://osf.io/6a7br/). The weighted prevalence of severe social isolation was 2.01% for the sample from the ESS 1, 1.77% for the sample from the ESS 9, and 1.71% for the sample from the ESS 10, indicating a decrease over time, mainly in males. Logistic regression models showed that different sociodemographic factors (e.g., being retired, being permanently sick or disabled, doing housework, living in Central and Eastern Europe, living uncomfortably on household income, having no income) were associated with severe social isolation. Further, feeling unsafe when walking alone in the neighbourhood after dark, low social trust, and support, decreased happiness and lack of future planning correlated with severe social isolation after adjustment for the effect of sociodemographic factors was made. In this study, the prevalence of severe social isolation as a proxy for hikikomori in European countries is in line with that found by previous representative studies conducted in Asian countries. The novelty of the findings as well as implications for hikikomori research are discussed according to recent scientific literature.
pomBseen: An automated pipeline for analysis of fission yeast images
Authors: Ohira Makoto , Rhind Nicholas
Published: September 2023

Fission yeast is a model organism widely used for studies of eukaryotic cell biology. As such, it is subject to bright-field and fluorescent microscopy. Manual analysis of such data can be laborious and subjective. Therefore, we have developed pomBseen, an image analysis pipeline for the quantitation of fission yeast micrographs containing a bright-field channel and up to two fluorescent channels. It accepts a wide range of image formats and produces a table with the size and total and nuclear fluorescent intensities of the cells in the image. Benchmarking of the pipeline against manually annotated datasets demonstrates that it reliably segments cells and acquires their image parameters. Written in MATLAB, pomBseen is also available as a standalone application.
Redescription of an endemic mahseer, Tor mahanadicus (David, 1953) from Mahanadi River basin, India based on integrated morphological and molecular techniques
Authors: Johnson Jeyaraj Antony , Nanda Prasanta , Pant Bhawana , Mane Sneha Shivaji , Kolipakam Vishnupriya
Published: September 2023

Tor mahanadicus was originally described as Tor mosal mahanadicus with inadequate information on its morphological traits and no designated type specimen. Currently, T. mahanadicus is synonymized with Tor putitora, solely based on partial molecular data despite significant morphological differences. In this study, we performed an integrated morphological and molecular analysis to redescribe T. mahanadicus from the Mahanadi River. Tor mahanadicus is distinguished from all known Indian Tor species by the presence of 2 complete rows of scales between pelvic fin origin and lateral line, small eye (15.3–16.9% in head length), and a wide mouth gap (21.7–23.8% in head length). Moreover, it undoubtedly distinguished from the closely related species Tor putitora by having a wider body depth (26.8–28.2% in standard length vs. 14.5–19.9%), short snout length (23.3–26.4% in head length vs. 28.0–29.3%) and wide inter orbit space (30.5–37.3% in head length vs. 27.6–28.5%). Additionally, the molecular phylogenetic tree generated from a combination of three genes demonstrates a monophyletic clade separate from the Tor putitora clade. Based on the distinct morphological traits and mitochondrial gene sequences, we established Tor mahanadicus as separate species under the genus Tor.
Ribonucleotide reductase regulatory subunit M2 (RRM2) as a potential sero-diagnostic biomarker in non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Zhou Dandan , Zhai Xiuming , Zhang Ruixue
Published: September 2023

Objectives

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a major cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Most cases are diagnosed at an advanced stage using current tumor markers. Here, we aimed to identify potential novel potential biomarkers for NSCLC.

Material/Methods

Four independent datasets from the Gene Expression Omnibus database were analyzed. The relative expression of ribonucleotide reductase regulatory subunit M2 (RRM2) mRNA in 30 paired of NSCLC paired tissues was measured by reverse transcription quantitative PCR. Serum levels of cytokeratin fragment 21–1 (CYFRA21-1), pro-gastrin-releasing peptide (ProGRP), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) were measured using electrochemiluminescence immunoassays, and serum RRM2 levels were evaluated by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Results

The mRNA expression level of RRM2 was significantly increased in most NSCLC lesions compared to para-adjacent tissues. Serum RRM2 levels in NSCLC patients were significantly elevated compared to healthy controls and were also associated with distant metastasis and histological type, but not with tumor size or lymph node metastasis. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed a higher diagnostic ratio for NSCLC using RRM2 alone compared to other traditional tumor markers.

Conclusions

RRM2 is a potential sero-diagnostic biomarker for NSCLC.
Best practice guidelines for professional nurses to provide self-management support to adults with tuberculosis-human immunodeficiency virus coinfection: A scoping review
Authors: Tornu Eric , Jordan Portia , McCaul Michael
Published: September 2023

Background

Adults with tuberculosis-human immunodeficiency virus coinfection require professional nurses’ support to manage their illness, treatment and its effect on their daily lives. This scoping review maps recommendations in clinical or best practice guidelines that guide professional nurses to provide self-management support to adults with tuberculosis-human immunodeficiency virus coinfection in primary healthcare settings.

Methods

We conducted a scoping review by searching for guidelines in six online databases, guideline clearing houses and search engines from 16th April 2022 to 25th May 2022. The title, abstract and full-text screening of guidelines were conducted independently and in duplicate by two reviewers based on predetermined eligibility criteria. The guidelines were critically appraised with the Appraisal of Guidelines Research and Evaluation (AGREE) II instrument. Relevant data regarding the characteristics of the guideline, recommendations and underlying evidence were extracted, analysed and reported.

Results

The six guidelines on self-management support found were developed in four high-income countries. Five of the guidelines recorded <60% across all six domains of the AGREE II instrument. One high-quality guideline scored >60% in all AGREE II domains but was informed by outdated evidence produced between 1977 to 2010. Twenty-five practice, education and organisational/policy recommendations were extracted from the high-quality guideline. The guidelines did not report evidence-to-decision frameworks and the strength of the recommendations. The guidelines also lacked direct underlying evidence on the effectiveness and cost of self-management support. Lastly, the review found a paucity of contextual (equity, acceptability and feasibility) evidence on self-management support among adults with tuberculosis-human immunodeficiency virus in the guidelines.

Conclusion

There is a dearth of updated and relevant high-quality guidelines that guide healthcare professionals to provide self-management support to adults with tuberculosis-human immunodeficiency virus coinfection in primary healthcare settings. Systematic reviews of effectiveness, economic and contextual evidence related to self-management support interventions are required for guideline production.
Gender context matters: The hidden gender equality problem of school democracy
Authors: Jormfeldt Johanna
Published: September 2023

The aim of this article was to examine how gender and gender context affect students’ experiences of democracy in upper secondary school. The study was based on survey responses from about 1500 students. The students’ experiences of school democracy were operationalized as a collective deliberative communication among fellow students and teachers. Three different explanatory factors were considered: the significance of gender, gender context and the gendered content of the educational programmes. The results showed that a higher share of male students in a class is associated with poorer experiences of democracy. However, educational programmes with a traditional male content were proven favourable regarding school democracy. Since the gender context has one effect and the contents of the education programme affects in the opposite direction, the analytical separation of the variables was necessary to reveal the hidden equality problem of school democracy. Gender context does matter.
O fazer educativo do apoiador institucional
Authors: Araújo Renan Soares de , Prado Ernande Valentin do , Alencar Islany Costa , Lima Luciana Moura Mendes de
Published: September 2023

O presente manuscrito busca evidenciar aprendizados e reflexões tecidos como resultado da experiência de facilitação no curso de “Aperfeiçoamento para trabalhadores da gestão do Sistema Único de Saúde”, iniciativa promovida pela Escola de Saúde Pública da Paraíba. Em termos metodológicos, trata-se de um trabalho do tipo descritivo, inscrito na modalidade relato de experiência, o qual tem como objeto a atuação de um apoiador institucional que desempenhou o papel de facilitador de processos educativos. Nesse sentido, procede-se com o delineamento de como se deu a organização e a operacionalização do referido curso. Em seguida, traça-se um breve esboço de como ocorreram as oficinas e das discussões realizadas. Logo depois, debruça-se sobre a explicitação de alguns aprendizados decorrentes da experiência e confeccionam-se reflexões acerca do fazer educativo como perspectiva articuladora e dinamizadora das dimensões técnica e política do trabalho do apoiador institucional. Em conclusão, destaca-se que para se desenvolver e aprimorar a dimensão pedagógica do apoio, é fundamental se permitir e experienciar a prática docente, uma vez que só é possível a construção de saberes pedagógicos por meio da ação e da reflexão sobre a ação, isto é, do exercício da práxis educativa.
Potensi Pemanfaatan Gelombang Laut Menjadi Tenaga Listrik Dengan Metoda Oscillating Water Column di Pulau Bawean Gresik
Authors: Sidik Mohammad , Sinaga Nazarudin
Published: September 2023

Pulau Bawean yang terletak di laut jawa yang berjarak 120 km sebelah utara Gresik. Kebutuhan energi listrik di Pulau Bawean diperoleh dari Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Diesel akan tetapi masih ada beberapa desa yang belum dialiri listrik. Keterlambatan suplai bahan bakar solar dikarenakan ombak yang besar juga merupakan permasalahan yang dialami oleh PLTD di Pulau Bawean. Melihat permasalahan tersebut, maka makalah ini akan membahas mengenai analisis dan perhitungan potensi pemanfaatan gelombang laut yang di konversi menjadi energi listrik dengan menggunakan metoda Oscillating Water Column di perairan Pulau Bawean Gresik. Metode ini dipilih karena sudah ada prototype di Pantai Baron yogyakarta dan output ini lebih stabil dan sesuai dengan wilayah perairan Pulau Bawean. Dari hasil perhitungan daya didapatkan daya yang terkecil dihasilkan di bulan April dan Maret sebesar 4,869.91 Watt sementara di bulan Juli-Agustus dan Nopember – Desember sebesar  272,236.17 Watt.  PLTGL dengan metoda Oscillating Water Column di perairan Pulau Bawean dapat memberikan kontribusi daya listrik untuk kurang lebih 325 rumah nelayan sederhana pada kondisi pembangkitan maksimum dan efisiensi sebesar 11,971 %.Kata Kunci: Oscillating Water Column (OWC), Potensi Gelombang Laut, Energi Listrik.
Black Liquor sebagai Sumber Energi Baru Terbarukan dari Industri Pulp dan Kertas
Authors: Hidayat Rahmat , Syahtaria Muhammad Ikhwan
Published: September 2023

Kebutuhan energi industri pulp dan kertas mengalami pertumbuhan dengan rata-rata 2,49% per tahun dari 108,5 juta SBM pada tahun 2018 menjadi 135,4 juta SBM pada tahun 2027 sehingga industry pulp kertas dikategorikan sebagai industri dengan pemakaian energi yang lumayan besar. Oleh karena itu diperlukan sebuah metode terbaru dalam penggunaan teknologi pada industry tersebut sehingga dapat menghasilkan efisiensi tinggi yang pada akhirnya mampu mengurangi pemakaian energi. Hingga saat ini lindi hitam (black liquor) dari pabrik pulp kertas di Indonesia pada belum banyak digunakan secara optimal sebagai bahan bakar boiler. Upaya pemanfaatan black liquor dan penggunaan teknologi yang efisien di industri pulp kertas mampu membantu mengurangi ketergantungan pada bahan bakar fosil serta dapat mereduksi emisi dari bahan bakar berbasis fosil. Panas pembakaran black liquor mencapai 13,8 MJ/kg pada proses recovery boiler. Dengan metode gasifikasi, energi yang diproduksi akan lebih tinggi karena dapat menghasilkan bahan bakar dan gas sintetis. Black liquor juga dapat menjadi sumber energi berkelanjutan yang diunggulkan, karena dapat dimanfaatkan untuk pembuatan gas hidrogen, biobriket, maupun untuk efisiensi energi pada industri pulp dan kertas.
PERANCANGAN SISTEM PENGUKURAN DAYA DAN REMOTE CONTROL RELAY PADA SISTEM MONITORING UNTUK BIAYA TAGIHAN LISTRIK PENYEWA RUMAH KOS
Authors: Hafni Hafidz Nur , Setiyono Budi , Aghus Sofwan Aghus
Published: September 2023

KWH meter alat ukur untuk menghitung tagihan listrik yang digunakan oleh penyedia jaringan listrik PLN setiap bulan dengan besaran KWH (Kilowatt Hour) yang dikalikan dengan harga satuan tariff dasar listrik (TDL) sehingga menjadi tagihan listrik. Salah satu pelanggan PLN adalah pengusaha penyedia persewaan rumah kos yang biasanya menggunakan satu KWH meter untuk satu bangunan kos dengan konsumsi daya listrik setiap kamar kos berbeda tanpa batasan daya listrik sehingga menjadikan tagihan listrik membesar. Alternatif solusi permasalahan tersebut adalah dengan produk hasil penelitian tugas akhir sistem pengukuran daya dan control relay di setiap kamar kos dengan satu KWH meter di satu bangunan rumah kos. Sistem ini terdiri kontroler Arduino Uno dan NodeMCU, sensor daya listrik menggunakan sensor PZEM 004t, dan aktuator relay untuk memutus arus listrik. Hasil pengujian sistem pengukuran daya dan kontrol relay didapat data variasi beban 115watt konsumsi daya listrik pada sumber satu 0.17KwH dan sumber dua 0.43KwH dengan konsumsi daya total pada sumber listrik 0.60KwH, sedangkan kamar satu 0.40KwH, dan kamar dua 0.20KwH dengan total konsumsi daya total pada kamar 0.60KwH sehingga KwH pada sumber dan kamar sudah sesuai. Pada sistem pemutus arus listrik didapat data relay terputus secara otomatis jika daya yang digunakan melebihi set point sebesar 200watt.
MONITORING AUTOMATIC TRANSFER SWITCH DAN BATERAI BERBASIS IOT MENGGUNAKAN MIKROKONTROLER AVR DAN ESP32
Authors: Akbar Sulthan Imani
Published: September 2023

Saat ini, monitoring Automatic Transfer Switch (ATS) dan baterai sebagai sumber listrik cadangan dilakukan secara manual dengan pengamatan langsung pada alat saja, monitoring tidak dapat dilakukan secara fleksibel. Hal tersebut sangat diperhitungkan untuk tempat-tempat yang membutuhkan sumber listrik yang bersifat kontinu namun tempat tersebut jarang dikunjungi. Maka dari itu, penulis pada Tugas Akhir ini membuat suatu sistem untuk mempermudah melakukan monitoring ATS dan baterai dengan konsep Internet of Things (IoT). Perancangan sistem menggunakan mikrokontroler ATMega2560, ESP32, LCD, platform Firebase, dan Aplikasi Andorid. Data yang dikirimkan dari ATS dan baterai berupa nilai tegangan, arus, dan daya yang diteruskan oleh ATS, nilai State of Charge (SoC) baterai, kondisi charging discharging baterai, dan mode yang digunakan oleh ATS. Berdasarkan pengujian yang telah dilakukan, data yang dikirimkan dapat ditampilkan dengan jelas pada aplikasi Android dan LCD yang memiliki jeda penampilan ratarata 10,4 detik untuk aplikasi Android dan rata-rata 2,234 detik untuk LCD. Dengan adanya sistem monitoring ini diharapkan dapat membantu dalam pemantauan ATS dan baterai sehingga dapat melakukan tindakan apabila ATS atau baterai tidak bekerja dengan semestinya.
Chondroitin sulfate supplementation improves clinical outcomes in a murine model of necrotizing enterocolitis
Authors: Manohar Krishna , Hosfield Brian D. , Mesfin Fikir M. , Colgate Cameron , Shelley William Christopher , Liu Jianyun , Zeng Lifan , Brokaw John P. , Markel Troy A.
Published: September 2023

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) continues to be a devastating disease in preterm neonates and has a paucity of medical management options. Chondroitin sulfate (CS) is a naturally occurring glycosaminoglycan (GAG) in human breast milk (HM) and has been shown to reduce inflammation. We hypothesized that supplementation with CS in an experimental NEC model would alter microbial diversity, favorably alter the cytokine profile, and (like other sulfur compounds) improve outcomes in experimental NEC via the eNOS pathway. NEC was induced in 5‐day‐old pups. Six groups were studied (n = 9–15/group): (1) WT breastfed and (2) Formula fed controls, (3) WT NEC, (4) WT NEC + CS, (5) eNOS KO (knockout) NEC, and (6) eNOS KO NEC + CS. Pups were monitored for clinical sickness score and weights. On postnatal day 9, the pups were killed. Stool was collected from rectum and microbiome analysis was done with 16 s rRNA sequencing. Intestinal segments were examined histologically using a well‐established injury scoring system and segments were homogenized and analyzed for cytokine profile. Data were analyzed using GraphPad Prism with p < 0.05 considered significant. CS supplementation in formula improved experimental NEC outcomes when compared to NEC alone. CS supplementation resulted in similar improvement in NEC in both the WT and eNOS KO mice. CS supplementation did not result in microbial changes when compared to NEC alone. Our data suggest that although CS supplementation improved outcomes in NEC, this protection is not conferred via the eNOS pathway or alteration of microbial diversity. CS therapy in NEC does improve the intestinal cytokine profile and further experiments will explore the mechanistic role of CS in altering immune pathways in this disease.
Do teachers’ well-being and resilience predict their Foreign Language Teaching Enjoyment (FLTE)?
Authors: Wei Rining , Yang Xiaoyan , Wang Jing
Published: September 2023

This study was one (partial) replication of the first study focusing on FL teacher enjoyment with the Foreign Language Teaching Enjoyment (FLTE) Scale. The influence of well-being, resilience, and some selected socio-biographical variables on FLTE was examined with a more refined data analysis approach based on hierarchical regression (i.e., offering a range of effect sizes for each predictor). Results showed that resilience (ΔR
2 = 11.7 %–38.9 %) and well-being (ΔR
2 = 3.6 %–30.9 %) were important factors statistically significantly predicting FLTE for Chinese EFL teachers, whereas length of teaching experience (ΔR
2 = 0.1 %–2.2 %) was not regarded as an important predictor and gender (ΔR
2 = 0.02 %–0.13 %) was deemed unimportant. This replication study has (1) confirmed that well-being and resilience predict FLTE, (2) reaffirmed the value of the above-mentioned more refined approach, and (3) underscored the benefit for including at least one socio-biographical variable together with the researchers’ focal factors as predictors in hierarchical regression, which will provide useful reference for the relative importance of each predictor. Some practical implications are also discussed.
Developing a taxonomy of teacher emotion labor through metaphor: personal, interpersonal, and sociocultural angles
Authors: De Costa Peter I. , Karimpour Sedigheh , Nazari Mostafa
Published: September 2023

Emotion labor is a multidimensional construct that plays a key role in teachers’ emotional knowledge and emotional development. However, little empirical research has focused on such multidimensionality of emotion labor at personal, institutional, and sociocultural levels. The present study aimed to fill this gap by drawing on metaphors and integrating data from Iranian English language teachers through open-ended questionnaires, narrative frames, and semi-structured interviews. The analyses of the data revealed that the teachers used metaphorical language to display their negative emotions against the relational power that shaped their professional emotions and practices. Moreover, the teachers deployed such metaphors to represent the clashes between external power relations and their internal feelings. Our findings demonstrate the rigor and relevance of metaphor in capturing emotion labor. As a consequence, we present a taxonomy that can serve as a heuristic for institutional stakeholders to engage in closer scrutiny of teachers’ emotion work and the power relations that shape such work.
ESL classroom interactions in a translanguaging space
Authors: Lin Sarah Hui-Ching , Leung Alex Ho-Cheong
Published: September 2023

There has been a recent proliferation of studies pertaining to translanguaging. This impetus is largely driven by the increasing acknowledgement of daily communications as translingual practice. In fact, the closely related construct of plurilingualism has been incorporated into the development of the companion volume of the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (Council of Europe. 2020. Common European framework of reference for languages: Learning, teaching, assessment – Companion volume. Strasbourg: Council of Europe Publishing. Available at: www.coe.int/lang-cefr). Despite the rising awareness towards translanguaging and plurilingualism in European and Northern American contexts (cf. Vallejo, Claudia & Melinda Dooly. 2020. Plurilingualism and translanguaging: Emergent approaches and shared concerns. Introduction to the special issue. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism 23(1). 1–16), scepticism remains, especially in classroom settings. Through detailed analyses of extracts taken from 27 h of recordings of UK university ESL classroom interactions among Taiwanese L1 Mandarin students transcribed based on Jefferson (Jefferson, Gail. 2004. Glossary of transcript symbols with an introduction. In Gene Lerner (ed.), Conversation analysis: Studies from the first generation, 14–31. Philadelphia: John Benjamins) and supplemented by Matsumoto (Matsumoto, Yumi. 2019. Material moments: Teacher and student use of materials in multilingual writing classroom interactions. The Modern Language Journal 103(1). 179–204) and Zhu et al. (Zhu, Hua, Wei Li & Agnieszka Lyons. 2017b. Polish shop(ping) as translanguaging space. Social Semiotics 27(4). 411–433), we aim to demonstrate the complementarity effect of various multimodal resources in progressing classroom instructions. Our analyses reveal that the different linguistic and non-linguistic resources deployed contribute to scaffolding and the development of a layered understanding of the concept in discussion (e.g. phrasal verbs). We argue that the translanguaging space enables students to engage in deeper learning. Students are empowered to break down the rigid power structure and actively participate in knowledge co-construction. We end our paper by calling for research that bridges current understanding of translanguaging and policy and assessment strategies development.
Auf dem Weg in die Postdemokratie
Authors: Crouch Colin
Published: September 2023

We are on the way to post-democracy – but where are we today? This article discusses the post-democracy thesis against the background of recent social problems such as the Corona pandemic, the rise of right-wing populism and the Russian war of aggression in Ukraine. On the one hand, these problems indicate that Western democracies have taken a further step towards post-democracy. On the other hand, democratic potentials, such as a strengthening civil society and supranational democratic institutions, were also revealed in dealing with these problems. The article argues that in order to counteract post-democratic tendencies, both formal and informal democratic elements need to be strengthened and that it is more necessary than ever to build “bridges” between the two.
Humor as a source for collaborative storytelling: perspectives on dynamic and static stories
Authors: Aerila Juli-Anna , Rönkkö Marja-Leena , Stenius Tuula
Published: September 2023

In this article, we investigated a creative learning process aimed at a shared story with humor in a group of 7- and 8-year-olds. In this integrated learning process, children first created an individual drawing and a guided writing assignment on a character that would make others laugh and then placed these characters in a story. The stories were collected via collaborative storytelling and the activity was a problem-solving assignment on a humorous children’s book. The data were analyzed via theory-driven content analysis using Kyriakou and Loizou’s categories of flexibility and originality, as well as the theories of empowerment and the absurd. The results showed that the children preferred scatological humor, which evolved from non-flexible humor to flexible and original humor during the process. The shared stories were divided into static and dynamic stories: static stories presented a solution to the problem, but the humor did not evolve during the collaborative storytelling. The dynamic stories concentrated on the process of problem solving and contained versatile, flexible and original features. It seems that the structure of the creative learning process supported participation and sharing individual perceptions of humor. Further, humor created an engaging starting point for the process and underlines the pedagogical possibilities of humor.
Error performance analysis for chaotic pulse width position modulation in free space optical communication system
Authors: Narang Ghanishtha , Aggarwal Mona , Kaushal Hemani , Ahuja Swaran
Published: September 2023

In this paper, a pulse time modulation method called chaotic pulse width position modulation (CPWPM) is studied for free space optical communication system. This is a digital modulation technique that combines pulse position modulation and pulse width modulation with chaos. In this scheme, the binary information is carried by both the position and width of the pulses, which are modulated by a chaotic signal. Hence, on a single pulse, two bits of information are encoded, which results in higher bit rates, better privacy, and larger effective bandwidth as compared to chaotic pulse position modulation (CPPM) and chaotic pulse width modulation (CPWM) techniques. Probability of error is investigated for different FSO scenarios, i.e., varying turbulence conditions and link lengths for CPWPM scheme. Finally, the performance of CPWPM-FSO system is compared with a commonly used differential chaos shift keying (DCSK) scheme. CPWPM-FSO system shows comparable results as DCSK-FSO system (for probability of error, P

e
 = 10−4 average signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) required for DCSK and CPWPM scheme is 40 dB and 41 dB, respectively, for same length and system conditions), while data rate is doubled in latter, and this verifies the validity of using CPWPM in FSO communication system.
Reduction of PAPR in OTFS signal using airy special function
Authors: Bitra Hanumantharao , Anusha Chillapalli , Pradhan Nrusingha Charan
Published: September 2023

Orthogonal time frequency space (OTFS) is a new two dimensional modulation technique that use the delay-Doppler domain. Despite the fact that OTFS can handle time varying channels and high Doppler scenarios, it has a high Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR). In this study, we developed an airy-based companding technique for the OTFS signal to address this issue. The airy function is a particular function that is commonly used in optics. We evaluate the proposed airy based companded OTFS with various companding techniques in order to assess its performance. Simulations signify that the proposed airy based companding outperforms the rooting companding, and μ − law companding in terms of both PAPR and instantaneous to average power ratio (IAPR).
Effect of temperature and rolling direction on the formability of CP2 and Ti-6Al-4V titanium materials
Authors: Gökmen Şaban , Ertan Rukiye , Özgül Hande Güler
Published: September 2023

Pure (CP2) and alloyed titanium (Ti-6Al-4V) have an important place in biomedical and aerospace applications due to their low density and high strength properties. In this study, the effect of the formability of CP2 and Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy at different temperatures on mechanical properties and microstructure was investigated. The hot forming process was carried out by pressing 1 mm sheet titanium plates at different temperatures on the U profile mold. Specimens along the rolling direction and perpendicular to the rolling direction were taken from the bottom the formed U-plates. Afterward, tensile tests, microhardness measurements, and changes in microstructure were examined, respectively. As a result, at high temperatures and in different rolling directions, significant changes in microstructure and mechanical properties were observed. It was determined that the best forming temperature of CP2 and Ti-6Al-4V materials along the rolling direction was 500 °C, white it is 400° for perpendicular to the rolling direction was 400 °C.