bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Superiority of Endovascular Coiling Over Surgical Clipping for Clinical Outcomes at Discharge in Patients With Poor-Grade Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Registry Study in Japan
Authors: Ishikawa Tatsuya , Ikawa Fusao , Ichihara Nao , Yamaguchi Koji , Funatsu Takayuki , Nakatomi Hirofumi , Shiokawa Yoshiaki , Sorimachi Takatoshi , Murayama Yuichi , Suzuki Kaima , Kurita Hiroki , Fukuda Hitoshi , Ueba Tetsuya , Shimamura Norihito , Ohkuma Hiroki , Morioka Jun , Nakahara Ichiro , Uezato Minami , Chin Masaki , Kawamata Takakazu
Published: December 2023

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

The differences in clinical outcomes between endovascular coiling (EC) and surgical clipping (SC) in patients with poor-grade aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) are controversial. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate whether EC is superior to SC and identify risk factors in patients with poor-grade aSAH.

METHODS:

We used data from the “Predict for Outcome Study of aneurysmal SubArachnoid Hemorrhage.” World Federation of Neurological Societies (WFNS) grade III–V aSAH was defined as poor-grade aSAH, and unfavorable clinical outcomes (modified Rankin Scale scores 3-6) were compared between SC and EC after propensity score matching (PSM). In-hospital mortality was similarly evaluated. Predictors of unfavorable clinical outcomes were identified using multivariable analysis.

RESULTS:

Ultimately, 1326 (SC: 847, EC: 479) and 632 (SC: 316, EC: 316) patients with poor-grade aSAH were included before and after PSM, respectively. Unfavorable clinical outcomes at discharge were significantly different between SC and EC before (72.0% vs 66.2%, P = .026) and after PSM (70.6% vs 63.3%, P = .025). In-hospital mortality was significantly different between groups before PSM (10.5% vs 16.1%, P = .003) but not after PSM (10.4% vs 12.7%, P = .384). Predictors of unfavorable clinical outcomes in both SC and EC were WFNS grade V, older than 70 years, and Fisher computed tomography (CT) grade 4. Predictors of unfavorable clinical outcomes only in SC were WFNS grade IV (odds ratio: 2.46, 95% CI: 1.22-4.97, P = .012) and Fisher CT grade 3 (4.90, 1.42-16.9, P = .012). Predictors of unfavorable clinical outcome only in EC were ages of 50s (3.35, 1.37-8.20, P = .008) and 60s (3.28, 1.43-7.52, P = .005).

CONCLUSION:

EC resulted in significantly more favorable clinical outcomes than SC in patients with poor-grade aSAH, without clear differences in in-hospital mortality. The benefit of EC over SC might be particularly remarkable in patients with WFNS grade IV and Fisher CT grade 3.
Views and practices on medical cannabis of unlicensed providers in Thailand: a qualitative study
Authors: Assanangkornchai Sawitri , Saingam Darika , Thaikla Kanittha , Talek Muhammadfahmee
Published: December 2023

Background Despite the legalization of cannabis use for medical purposes in Thailand in February 2019, illicit providers are still widespread and accessible. This study aimed to understand why people still chose to receive medical cannabis treatment or products from unlicensed or illegal providers. The practices of unlicensed or illegal providers in provision of medical cannabis products or treatment services were also examined. Methods Qualitative in-depth interviews were conducted among medical cannabis providers and users, including 36 unlicensed and 7 licensed providers and 25 users in 2019-2021. Snowball sampling was used to recruit participants until saturation of data was achieved. Interviews included open-ended questions about the providers’ practices and attitudes towards medical cannabis. Interviews were recorded and transcribed, and thematic analysis was performed. Results Overall, six reasons were identified to answer why unlicensed/illicit providers were still popular, including: 1) easy accessibility; 2) familiarity with the unlicensed providers before the legal scheme became available; 3) favorable characters (kind, supportive, non-judgmental) of unlicensed providers; 4) affordable treatment fees; 5) trust in the quality of the medicines; and 6) lack of knowledge and negative attitudes towards cannabis from healthcare professionals. Most providers started their career as medical cannabis providers by using it themselves or with their relatives and being satisfied with the results. They used cannabis products to treat all diseases, including skin, eyes, HIV/AIDS, non-communicable diseases and all kinds of cancers. Additionally, they believed that it was effective, with no or minimal adverse effects. Conclusions This study suggests that some patients will continue receiving medical cannabis treatment and products from unlicensed or illegal providers. More attention should be paid on increasing the capacity of medical cannabis service systems within public health hospitals, and the certification of unlicensed providers, so as to integrate them into a regulated system.
Comparative evaluation for the accuracy of mandibular third molar impaction status with respect to surrounding dentoalveolar structures using orthopantomogram as against cone beam computed tomography
Authors: Lalremtluangi Rosalyn , Khasbage Suwarna Dangore
Published: December 2023

Mandibular third molar impaction impose a great dental problem especially to young adults. It is the most commonly impacted tooth in the entire dentition of humans. The cause of impaction may vary and may include lack of space, malposition and physical barrier on the path of eruption. This impaction can lead to different pathologies, from infection to development of cysts. Injury to the inferior alveolar nerve during extraction of mandibular third molar is also a possibility during treatment which can lead to numbness, tingling or burning sensation of the affected side. It can also have adverse effects on the adjacent second molar. Several studies have been done to determine the angulation, depth of impaction, space available between the second molar and ramus, proximity to inferior mandibular third, status of adjacent second molar using several criteria and classification using orthopantomography (OPG) and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). But there is very little research done on the precision of both OPG and CBCT and comparisons of their diagnostic accuracy. In this study, adults above 21 years of age who have impacted mandibular third molar (IMTM) will be taken for OPG where OPG will provide two-dimensional radiography and CBCT will deliver three-dimensional radiography. Different criteria will be used to assess the status of the impaction and see the sensitivity and specificity in both OPG and CBCT. This study is important to help determine which radiographic diagnostic tool is preferable for assessing the status of impacted third molar and its relation to its surrounding structures and estimate the difficulty index for extraction of mandibular third molar impaction. It will also further help in preventing any injury or complication which can arise to the surrounding structures both during and after extraction and which will also help in achieving best possible outcome for patients.
Framework analysis on the adoption of digital healthcare services among senior citizens by using the extended technology acceptance model (ETAM)
Authors: Omar Nurul Nisa , Che Zainal Che Nur Amalina S. , Abdul Rashid Muhammad Shawal , Hassan Noor Hafizah , Abd Malek Safrena Noreen , Abu Bakar Amina Syarfina
Published: December 2023

Over the years, the digital healthcare sector has started taking shape across the world with the intention to deliver social benefits to all citizens. In Malaysia, a lot of effort has taken place to improve the healthcare system to be more efficient and accessible. SELangkah mobile application developed by Selgate Corporation for instance provided multi-step health features for users. Besides the proliferation of mobile technology, the aging population is one of the key drivers that cause healthcare-related stakeholders in Malaysia to start making considerable improvements toward digital healthcare services. Thus, senior citizens are considered one of the more important age-groups for service providers to focus on. However, the adoption of the health technology in Malaysia is relatively low and as of the year 2020, only 10.7% of Malaysia’s senior citizens aged 60 years and above have adopted digital healthcare services. This number may grow as the population of Malaysia’s senior citizen are expected to rise to 14.5% of the total population by 2040. Therefore, this study utilizes framework analysis in identifying potential challenges for senior citizens to adopt to technology alongside framework analysis method to assess framework models that uses the extended technology acceptance model (ETAM) to measure user adoption of digital healthcare services. The framework analysis consists of five stages which includes familiarization, identifying framework, indexing, charting, mapping and interpretation. The findings show the relationship between users’ acceptance model with senior citizens’ actual use of the digital healthcare system in addition to the main challenges being information quality, privacy and security, trust, and health literacy. This will contribute to the foundation for future research aimed at improving digital healthcare services and bridge the gap in technology access to be the opportunity to use digital means as a tool for a healthier life.
Profiling the characteristics of people after stroke in Ireland discharged home with and without Early Supported Discharge: Analysis of a nationally representative cohort study
Authors: O Connor Elaine , Dolan Eamon , Horgan Frances , O'Connor Margaret , McCormack Joan , Brych Olga , Robinson Katie , Galvin Rose
Published: December 2023

Background Early Supported Discharge (ESD) after stroke has demonstrated cost savings, reducing hospital length of stay (LOS) and long-term dependency. ESD discharges people after stroke from hospital earlier than conventional care with rehabilitation continuing at home. The Irish National Stroke Strategy 2022–2027 aims for ESD to be available to 92% of the stroke inpatient population. This study aims to profile the clinical characteristics and rehabilitation needs of those referred to ESD on discharge versus those discharged home without it in Ireland. Methods This study represents secondary analysis of an anonymised nationally representative prospective cohort study; the Irish National Audit of Stroke (INAS). Data were retrieved for 2018–2020 inclusive. A subset of 20 variables were used to profile the clinical characteristics and rehabilitation needs of those referred to ESD on discharge versus those discharged home without it. Data were analysed descriptively. Results In 2018, 139 people were discharged home with ESD, representing 3.8% of all people after stroke discharged home. This increased to 207 (4.9%) in 2019 and to 325 (6.6%) in 2020. More men were discharged home with and without ESD. Those aged 65–79 years represented the largest proportion of those discharged home with and without ESD. For those discharged with ESD, the mean LOS reduced each year from 17 days (SD=20) in 2018, 16 days (SD=16) in 2019 to 13 days (SD=13) in 2020. Those with a modified Rankin Scale score of 1, 2 at discharge represented the highest proportion of those returning home with ESD (59.3%) and without ESD (40.8%). Of those returning home with ESD, 10.8% were seen by a psychologist. Conclusions There is a need for significant scale-up of ESD to meet National Stroke Strategy targets. Consensus on ESD eligibility criteria nationally needs to be established and access to psychology services for people after stroke needs expansion.
Inter-array cabling optimization in offshore wind power plants, a new reliability indicator for radial grids
Authors: Abritta Ramon , Pavlov Alexey , Varagnolo Damiano , Tore Børresen Børre
Published: December 2023

This paper presents a radial collection grid optimization approach to support investment decisions into offshore wind power plants (OWPPs). The proposed methodology opportunely combines different optimization criteria and enables trading off cost with power capacity risk (PCR), which is defined as a cumulative power flow summation that reflects the consequences of cable failures. The method strives for a straightforward formulation and solving approach. We define the optimization problem as a mixed-integer linear programming formulation. To construct a relevant case-study, we consider an OWPP from the literature, and validate results via quasirandom Monte Carlo simulations. The numerical results reveal a strong correlation between the proposed PCR and the expected energy not supplied reliability index.
Well-being as a Prerequisite for Sustainability on a Macroeconomic Scale? Case of V4 Countries
Authors: Pokorný Jan , Palacká Alena
Published: December 2023

Purpose: Human well-being is a necessary prerequisite for achieving sustainable development. This assumption aligns with the basis of Maslow´s pyramid of needs and the Kuznets curve in its ecological presentation. Therefore, the presented paper aims to clarify what impact specific indicators of human well-being have on the reported level of sustainability achieved on a macroeconomic scale in the Visegrad group in the years 2005-2021 and verify whether the author´s assumptions are correct.
Methodology/Approach: Following the correlation analysis of selected variables, there is a linear regression model used to examine the relationship between the overall result of the V4 countries and the selected variables.
Findings: People in V4 countries need to have their basic personal needs fulfilled to promote sustainability. Within the analyzed variables, the most significant influence on the country´s sustainability has the Employment rate, the Gender wage gap, and perceived Health.
Research Limitation/implication: This study examines the situation within the Visegrad Group, and only 13 variables are selected for the analysis.
Originality/Value of paper: The paper deals with the macroeconomic perception of sustainability and sustainable development connected to human well-being in V4 countries. The potential linkage between overall sustainable countries´ performance based on SDGs fulfilment and human well-being presented by OECD Social and Welfare Statistics is analyzed.
How to Estimate the Sigma Level of the Process
Authors: Terek Milan
Published: December 2023

Purpose: This paper proposes a procedure for estimating the sigma level of the process through a confidence interval. 
Methodology/Approach: The approach is based on a model in which the process has a normal distribution and constant variance, and its mean is shifted to the right or left by 1.5 standard deviations.
Findings: The paper explains a method for creating a random sample along with determining the sample size to estimate the “defects per million opportunities” characteristic through a confidence interval. Based on it, the confidence interval for the “sigma level” of the process is determined.
Research Limitation/implication: We assume a discrete process in which n pieces of the product are selected. The proposed procedure assumes that the process is in statistical control.
Originality/Value of paper: Applying the proposed random sampling and estimation procedure can improve evaluations of process performance, aiding decision-making for Six Sigma projects.
Proximity and Flatness Bounds for Linear Integer Optimization
Authors: Celaya Marcel , Kuhlmann Stefan , Paat Joseph , Weismantel Robert
Published: December 2023

This paper deals with linear integer optimization. We develop a technique that can be applied to provide improved upper bounds for two important questions in linear integer optimization. Given an optimal vertex solution for the linear relaxation, how far away is the nearest optimal integer solution (if one exists; proximity bounds)? If a polyhedron contains no integer point, what is the smallest number of integer parallel hyperplanes defined by an integral, nonzero, normal vector that intersect the polyhedron (flatness bounds)? This paper presents a link between these two questions by refining a proof technique that has been recently introduced by the authors. A key technical lemma underlying our technique concerns the areas of certain convex polygons in the plane; if a polygon [Formula: see text] satisfies [Formula: see text], where τ denotes [Formula: see text] counterclockwise rotation and [Formula: see text] denotes the polar of K, then the area of [Formula: see text] is at least three.

Funding: J. Paat was supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada [Grant RGPIN-2021-02475]. R. Weismantel was supported by the Einstein Stiftung Berlin.
No difference in patient-reported outcomes with cruciate-retaining, anterior-stabilized, and posterior-stabilized total knee arthroplasty designs
Authors: Rehman Yasser , Korsvold Ann M. , Lerdal Anners , Aamodt Arild
Published: December 2023

Aims

This study compared patient-reported outcomes of three total knee arthroplasty (TKA) designs from one manufacturer: one cruciate-retaining (CR) design, and two cruciate-sacrificing designs, anterior-stabilized (AS) and posterior-stabilized (PS).

Methods

Patients scheduled for primary TKA were included in a single-centre, prospective, three-armed, blinded randomized trial (n = 216; 72 per group). After intraoperative confirmation of posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) integrity, patients were randomly allocated to receive a CR, AS, or PS design from the same TKA system. Insertion of an AS or PS design required PCL resection. The primary outcome was the mean score of all five subscales of the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) at two-year follow-up. Secondary outcomes included all KOOS subscales, Oxford Knee Score, EuroQol five-dimension health questionnaire, EuroQol visual analogue scale, range of motion (ROM), and willingness to undergo the operation again. Patient satisfaction was also assessed.

Results

Patients reported similar levels of pain, function, satisfaction, and general health regardless of the prosthetic design they received. Mean maximal flexion (129° (95% confidence interval (CI) 127° to 131°) was greater in the PS group than in the CR (120° (95% CI 121° to 124°)) and AS groups (122° (95% CI 120° to 124°)).

Conclusion

Despite differences in design and constraint, CR, AS, and PS designs from a single TKA system resulted in no differences in patient-reported outcomes at two-year follow-up. PS patients had statistically better ROM, but the clinical significance of this finding is unclear.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2023;105-B(12):1271–1278.
ROTATOR CUFF TEAR IN FRACTURE SHOULDER DISLOCATION
Authors: Elgendy M , Makki D , White C , ElShafey A
Published: December 2023

Introduction

We aim to assess whether radiographic characteristics of the greater tuberosity fragment can predict rotator cuff tears inpatients with anterior shoulder dislocations combined with an isolated fracture of the greater tuberosity.

Methods

A retrospective single-centre case series of 61 consecutive patients that presented with anterior shoulder dislocations combined with an isolated fracture of the greater tuberosity between January 2018 and July 2022. Inclusion criteria: patients with atraumatic anterior shoulder dislocation associated with an isolated fracture of the greater tuberosity with a minimum follow-up of 3-months. Exclusion criteria: patients with other fractures of the proximal humerus or glenoid. Rotator cuff tears were diagnosed using magnetic resonance or ultrasound imaging. Greater tuberosity fragment size and displacement was calculated on plain radiographs using validated methods.

Results

The case series was composed of 22 men and 39 women with a mean age of 65 years (29 - 91 years). The mean follow-up was 15months and median follow up 8.5 months (3 – 60 months). A rotator cuff tear was diagnosed in 14 patients (16%) and involved the supraspinatus (13), infraspinatus (4) and subscapularis (2). Full-thickness tears occurred in 6 patients and partial-thickness tears in 8patients. The mean time from initial injury to rotator cuff tear diagnosis was 5 months (2 – 22 months).

The mean greater tuberosity fragment length was 23.4 mm in rotator cuff tear patients versus 32.6 mm in those without a tear (p = 0.006, CI: -15 - -2). The mean greater tuberosity

fragment width was 11.1 mm in rotator cuff tear patients versus 17.8 mm in those without a tear (p = 0.0004, CI: -10 - -2). There was no significant difference in the super inferior and anteroposterior fragment displacement between the two groups.

Conclusion

In patients with shoulder dislocations combined with an isolated fracture of the greater tuberosity, rotator cuff tears are associated with a smaller sized greater tuberosity fragment.
The Maps with X-Ray Eyes: The Sanborn Collection
Authors: Craine Jim , Davidson Ron , Deis David , Lawrence David , Scacco Debra , Swab Jack
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT: The Sanborn Map Company, established in 1867, was famous for publishing highly detailed maps of the urban areas of the United States. These maps, using data collected by an army of fieldworkers and surveyors, were used by insurance underwriters to remotely assess the risk of potential clients and were bound into regularly updated volumes for each major city in the United States. However, by March 1972, Sanborn began to close shop, disposing of most of their internal archives apart from the most recently updated volumes. Recognizing the inherent value of the volumes to the field of geography, faculty from the Department of Geography at California State University, Northridge, undertook an expedition to Sanborn's San Francisco office to recover as many volumes as possible. Over the years, the recovered volumes have moved from room to room until finally finding a home in a climate-controlled office in Sierra Hall, on the CSUN campus. Our article highlights three very different endeavors using the Sanborn maps, in an effort to illustrate the value of the CSUN collection to scholarly and artistic projects: Dr. Ron Davidson's exploration of historical change in a small corner of downtown Los Angeles; Dr. Jim Craine's attempt to uncover the "real" 77 Sunset Strip, and Los Angeles-based artist Debra Scacco's Compass Rose Project , an ongoing installation using Sanborn pages as a metaphor for American history.
Effects of the excitation wavelength and temperature on the zero-phonon emission line of Cr:YAG
Authors: Zheng Yuruo , Zhou Yimin , Zhang Debao , Ning Jiqiang , Tang Fei , Zheng Changcheng
Published: December 2023

In this work, a detailed study was conducted of the temperature and excitation wavelength-dependent photoluminescence (PL) spectra of the chromium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Cr:YAG) transparent ceramic. Focusing on the two sets of zero-phonon lines (ZPLs) of the 2E→4A2 transition in this material, the PL spectra are discovered to evolve significantly with respect to temperature and be highly dependent on the excitation wavelength. Compared to the continuous variation behavior with temperature, an increase in the excitation wavelength leads to a blueshift of the peak position within the regions of 450 nm to 465 nm, 465 nm to 490 nm, and 490 nm to 500 nm, and a sharp change in the PL position at the excitation wavelengths of 465 nm and 490 nm. The electron–phonon coupling (EPC) effect is believed to be more sensitive to the excitation wavelength. Different excitation wavelengths involve different electronic levels participating in the light emission processes, which explains the evolution behavior of the PL peak position with respect to the excitation wavelength. Moreover, the emergence of weak peaks next to the ZPLs at particular temperatures and excitation wavelengths is also observed. This work compares the influence of the temperature and excitation wavelength to the PL properties of the Cr:YAG transparent ceramic, which promotes an advanced understanding of the luminescence behavior of the Cr:YAG transparent ceramics.
Low-frequency background estimation and noise separation from high-frequency for background and noise subtraction
Authors: Hu Yuyao , Wang Peng , Zhao Fu , Liu Jun
Published: December 2023

In fluorescence microscopy, background blur and noise are two main factors preventing
the achievement of high-signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) imaging.
Background blur primarily emanates from inherent factors including the
spontaneous fluorescence of biological samples and out-of-focus
backgrounds, while noise encompasses Gaussian and Poisson noise
components. To achieve background blur subtraction and denoising
simultaneously, a pioneering algorithm based on low-frequency
background estimation and noise separation from high-frequency
(LBNH-BNS) is presented, which effectively disentangles noise from the
desired signal. Furthermore, it seamlessly integrates low-frequency
features derived from background blur estimation, leading to the
effective elimination of noise and background blur in wide-field
fluorescence images. In comparisons with other state-of-the-art
background removal algorithms, LBNH-BNS demonstrates significant
advantages in key quantitative metrics such as peak signal-to-noise
ratio (PSNR) and manifests substantial visual enhancements. LBNH-BNS
holds immense potential for advancing the overall performance and
quality of wide-field fluorescence imaging
techniques.
High-temperature thermal disturbance elimination method based on multi-channel extraction and correction
Authors: Pan Wanlin , Liu Qianshan , Li Junrui , Fan Xiaokang , Zhou Lei , Wang Yonghong
Published: December 2023

Digital image correlation (DIC) technology has been widely used in high-temperature measurement fields. However, due to the complexity of high-temperature environments, there are many interference factors that limit the development of high-temperature DIC technology, among which thermal disturbance is one of the most significant factors that severely affects the measurement accuracy of high-temperature DIC. In this paper, a multi-channel separation technique combined with a low-cost laser speckle device is proposed to eliminate thermal disturbance errors in high-temperature DIC measurements. First, a blue laser speckle generation system is independently designed to produce the most suitable speckle particles, and the best laser speckle is determined and projected onto the blue background white spot pattern. Then a green LED illuminates the sample to provide illumination for the sample’s own grayscale characteristics. A color camera collects photos, and the obtained images are processed with channel separation to extract and calculate the displacement of different channels. Finally, the displacement fields of the green and blue channels are subtracted to separate the thermal disturbance error and correct the measurement values. In this paper, a laser speckle projection system is first assembled, followed by a comprehensive evaluation of the projected speckle and, finally, a DIC experimental system is constructed for verification experiments at both room temperature and high temperature, and the corrected values are compared with the true values. The results show that the corrected values are highly consistent with the true values, which verifies the reliability of the proposed method.
Cost analysis of ultrawideband transmission in optical networks
Authors: Souza André , Correia Bruno , Napoli Antonio , Curri Vittorio , Costa Nelson , Pedro João , Pires João
Published: December 2023

We examine the cost associated with increasing traffic on a reference transport network for both single- and multiband systems, with a total transmission bandwidth ranging from 4.8 to 20 THz (S2 + S1 + C + L-band, where S2 and S1 are the two halves of the S-band). The number and cost of amplifiers, transceivers, and fibers are considered. To ensure stable transmission power and simplified network management, we take noise loading into account. The optimal combination of transmission bands—for each system—is evaluated based on the maximization of the capacity calculated from the minimum per-band generalized signal-to-noise ratio of each band. The results reveal that, despite the lower spectral efficiency due to the higher fiber attenuation and band MUX/DEMUX insertion losses, multiband systems can effectively reduce the number of fibers needed, thus postponing the deployment of new fibers. The most cost-effective solution depends on the fiber and S-band amplifier costs and the forecast of the required network capacity. When additional fibers are freely available or fiber costs are minimal, employing a C-band-only system proves to be the most economical choice. As fiber costs increase, additional bands gradually become more appealing, progressing from the C-band-only to the C + L-band, and then to the addition of half of the S-band (S1 + C + L-band) or the whole S-band (S2 + S1 + C + L). Furthermore, multiband transmission systems are more attractive when considering higher traffic loads. We also propose an optimal order of deployment of transmission bands in a pay-as-you-grow approach. The corresponding cost evolution demonstrates that this approach is a viable solution to mitigate excessive costs during the initial stages of a network operation, even though it leads to an increased number of fibers and transceivers used before all transmission bands are enabled. Additionally, we show that the S1- and S2-bands have worse optical performance, making them more suitable for shorter lightpaths. Consequently, operating the S-band in single-hop links and simplifying the add-drop multiplexer architecture could be beneficial.
Wideband reflective metasurface for independent control of mode and circular polarization of orbital angular momentum
Authors: Li FengXia , Yin XiaoHan , Deng Jing-Ya
Published: December 2023

Pancharatnam-Berry (PB) phase, usually utilized for phase manipulation of circularly polarized (CP) waves, has inherent symmetrical response on left-handed polarized (LCP) and right-handed polarized (RCP) for orbital angular momentum (OAM), which severely hinders its application. By modulating both propagation and PB phase allows independent control of LCP and RCP of OAM, but increases the design difficulty. Here, we propose a phase compensation scheme to independent control the CP states of OAM only utilizing PB phase, where arbitrary topological charges and deflection directions of LCP and RCP beams can be realized. Two wideband metasurfaces are designed to independent control the mode, circular polarization and beam directions of OAM at the frequency range of 10-20 GHz. This work significantly motivates the development of polarization division multiplexing in wireless communication system.
Application limits of the scaling relations for Monte Carlo simulations in diffuse optics. Part 1: theory
Authors: Amendola Caterina , Maffeis Giulia , Farina Andrea , Spinelli Lorenzo , Torricelli Alessandro , Pifferi Antonio , Sassaroli Angelo , Fanelli Duccio , Tommasi Federico , Martelli Fabrizio
Published: December 2023

Monte Carlo (MC) is a powerful tool to study photon migration in scattering media, yet quite time-consuming to solve inverse problems. To speed up MC-simulations, scaling relations can be applied to an existing initial MC-simulation to generate a new data-set with different optical properties. We named this approach trajectory-based since it uses the knowledge of the detected photon trajectories of the initial MC-simulation, in opposition to the slower photon-based approach, where a novel MC-simulation is rerun with new optical properties. We investigated the convergence and applicability limits of the scaling relations, both related to the likelihood that the sample of trajectories considered is representative also for the new optical properties. For absorption, the scaling relation contains smoothly converging Lambert-Beer factors, whereas for scattering it is the product of two quickly diverging factors, whose ratio, for NIRS cases, can easily reach ten orders of magnitude. We investigated such instability by studying the probability-distribution for the number of scattering events in trajectories of given length. We propose a convergence test of the scattering scaling relation based on the minimum-maximum number of scattering events in recorded trajectories. We also studied the dependence of MC-simulations on optical properties, most critical in inverse problems, finding that scattering derivatives are ascribed to small deviations in the distribution of scattering events from a Poisson distribution. This paper, which can also serve as a tutorial, helps to understand the physics of the scaling relations with the causes of their limitations and devise new strategies to deal with them.
Ultrahigh-sensitivity temperature sensor based on an elastic TPU capillary whispering gallery resonator
Authors: Gu Xinyang , Fang Chaolong , Zhuang Youyi , Zhang Dawei
Published: December 2023

An ultrahigh sensitivity temperature sensor based on an elastic thermoplastic urethane (TPU) capillary whispering-gallery mode (WGM) microcavity is proposed. The temperature sensor comprises a dye-doped TPU capillary and two sealed fused silica capillaries covered at both ends and is fabricated via a thin film assembly and wet etching. The fused silica capillaries limit the thermal volume expansion of the air within it. The volume of the exposed part of the elastic TPU capillary, which has an ultrahigh sensitivity to temperature compared with the thermal volume expansion of material, is increased; the designed elastic TPU capillary WGM microcavity exhibited an ultrahigh sensitivity of 11.28 nm/°C.
Direct laser microprinting of hydroxyapatite-clad structures by photoreduction-triggered nanomaterial deposition
Authors: Nishiyama Hiroaki , Nara Shogo , Kawabe Haruka
Published: December 2023

Hydroxyapatite-based micropatterns were fabricated via near-infrared femtosecond laser irradiation. The micropatterns had a hierarchical cross-section comprising an Ag-based core and an overlying thick layer of non-photosensitive hydroxyapatite nanoparticles. Such micropatterns were continuously formed by the translation of the laser focus in hydroxyapatite nanoparticle-containing AgNO3 solution. A pattern more than quadruple in width was obtained by adding nanoparticles to the solution, despite the same laser irradiation conditions. Raman spectroscopy indicated that the hydroxyapatite nanoparticles retained their crystalline nature even after laser printing. Furthermore, we demonstrate the fabrication of hydroxyapatite-clad patterns on the inner walls of glass capillaries using laser printing.
Corneal topographer using null-screen patterned within a quadrangular acrylic prism
Authors: Rodriguez-Rodriguez M. I. , Gonzalez-Utrera D. , Aguirre-Aguirre D. , Vohnsen Brian , Díaz-Uribe R.
Published: December 2023

In this paper, the use of four flat-null-screens forming a quadrangular prism setup is employed as a target for an experimental corneal topographer. Topographic maps of three reflective calibration spheres with different radii of curvature: 7.70 mm, 9.42 mm, and 6.20 mm, and the corneal surface evaluation of a volunteer subject are presented. The experimental setup is based on the null-screen method. Zonal reconstruction of the surface shape of the human cornea is obtained by numerical integration of the normal vectors. The corresponding elevation map was found fitting an spherical model to the recovered data. The differences obtained in radius of curvature were 0.02% or less for the calibration spheres, and the cornea under test showed a difference of 1.39% (0.6 diopters) compared to the value obtained with ORBSCAN topographer.
Characterisation of populations at risk of sub-optimal dosing of artemisinin-based combination therapy in Africa
Authors: Takyi Abena , Carrara Verena I. , Dahal Prabin , Przybylska Marianna , Harriss Eli , Insaidoo Genevieve , Barnes Karen I. , Guerin Philippe J. , Stepniewska Kasia
Published: December 2023

Selection of resistant malaria strains occurs when parasites are exposed to inadequate antimalarial drug concentrations. The proportion of uncomplicated falciparum malaria patients at risk of being sub-optimally dosed with the current World Health Organization (WHO) recommended artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) is unknown. This study aims to estimate this proportion and the excess number of treatment failures (recrudescences) associated with sub-optimal dosing in Sub-Saharan Africa. Sub-populations at risk of sub-optimal dosing include wasted children <5 years of age, patients with hyperparasitaemia, pregnant women, people living with HIV, and overweight adults. Country-level data on population structure were extracted from openly accessible data sources. Pooled adjusted Hazard Ratios for PCR-confirmed recrudescence were estimated for each risk group from published meta-analyses using fixed-effect meta-analysis. In 2020, of the estimated 153.1 million uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria patients in Africa, the largest risk groups were the hyperparasitaemic patients (13.2 million, 8.6% of uncomplicated malaria cases) and overweight adults (10.3 million, 6.7% of uncomplicated cases). The estimated excess total number of treatment failures ranged from 0.338 million for a 98% baseline ACT efficacy to 1.352 million for a 92% baseline ACT efficacy. Our study shows that an estimated nearly 1 in 4 people with uncomplicated confirmed P. falciparum malaria in Africa are at risk of receiving a sub-optimal antimalarial drug dosing. This increases the risk of antimalarial drug resistance and poses a serious threat to malaria control and elimination efforts. Changes in antimalarial dosing or treatment duration of current antimalarials may be needed and new antimalarials development should ensure sufficient drug concentration levels in these sub-populations that carry a high malaria burden.
Improved household flooring is associated with lower odds of enteric and parasitic infections in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Legge Hugo , Pullan Rachel L. , Sartorius Benn
Published: December 2023

Enteric and parasitic infections such as soil-transmitted helminths cause considerable mortality and morbidity in low- and middle-income settings. Earthen household floors are common in many of these settings and could serve as a reservoir for enteric and parasitic pathogens, which can easily be transmitted to new hosts through direct or indirect contact. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to establish whether and to what extent improved household floors decrease the odds of enteric and parasitic infections among occupants compared with occupants living in households with unimproved floors. Following the PRISMA guidelines, we comprehensively searched four electronic databases for studies in low- and middle-income settings measuring household flooring as an exposure and self-reported diarrhoea or any type of enteric or intestinal-parasitic infection as an outcome. Metadata from eligible studies were extracted and transposed on to a study database before being imported into the R software platform for analysis. Study quality was assessed using an adapted version of the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale. In total 110 studies were eligible for inclusion in the systematic review, of which 65 were eligible for inclusion in the meta-analysis after applying study quality cut-offs. Random-effects meta-analysis suggested that households with improved floors had 0.75 times (95CI: 0.67–0.83) the odds of infection with any type of enteric or parasitic infection compared with household with unimproved floors. Improved floors gave a pooled protective OR of 0.68 (95CI: 0.58–0.8) for helminthic infections and 0.82 OR (95CI: 0.75–0.9) for bacterial or protozoan infections. Overall study quality was poor and there is an urgent need for high-quality experimental studies investigating this relationship. Nevertheless, this study indicates that household flooring may meaningfully contribute towards a substantial portion of the burden of disease for enteric and parasitic infections in low- and middle-income settings.
Ensuring access to essential health products: Lessons from Colombia’s leishmaniasis control and elimination initiative
Authors: Vlassoff Carol , Giron Nora , Vera Soto Mauricio Javier , Maia-Elkhoury Ana Nilce Silveira , Lal Arush , Castellanos Luis Gerardo , Almeida Gisele , Lim Christopher
Published: December 2023

Background

This paper identifies opportunities and challenges for leishmaniasis control and elimination in Colombia, emphasizing the role of pooled procurement of essential medicines and supplies. Colombia is among the countries most affected by leishmaniasis globally, and also faces the dual challenge of procuring critically needed medicines in the context of limited national resources. It recently renewed its commitment to the control and elimination of leishmaniasis under its 2022–2031 Public Health Plan (PDSP) through a comprehensive public health approach.

Methodology/Principal findings

The methodology comprises a comprehensive literature review and key informant interviews with leishmaniasis experts from the Colombian national control program and PAHO/WHO, focusing on cutaneous, mucocutaneous, and visceral leishmaniasis. Leishmaniasis is endemic throughout Colombia, with over 11 million people at risk, many of whom live in poverty-stricken, remote and isolated rural areas with limited access to health services. Leishmaniasis care, including medicines, is provided free of charge, but many barriers were nonetheless identified at environmental, population, and health system levels, including the supply of quality-assured medicines. Opportunities to alleviate these barriers were identified, including the support of the PAHO Strategic Fund. Within the context of the sustainable development goals and international leishmaniasis control and elimination targets, Colombian officials have established their own priorities, the highest of which is the reduction of deaths from visceral leishmaniasis.

Conclusions/Significance

The elimination of leishmaniasis as a public health problem presents significant challenges, given its biological complexity and diversity, physical and clinical manifestations, social and economic impacts, frequently burdensome treatment regimens, and insufficient supply of necessary medicines. However, rigorous prevention and control efforts through strong political commitment and a highly motivated workforce can dramatically reduce its burden. Colombia’s new PDSP, which highlights leishmaniasis control, is an opportunity for a revitalized health system response through committed leadership, intersectoral actions, and partnerships with international organizations that share a common vision.
Endocannabinoid and psychological responses to acute resistance exercise in trained and untrained adults
Authors: Sirotiak Zoe , Gallagher Brandon T. , Smith-Hernandez Courtney A. , Showman Lucas J. , Hillard Cecilia J. , Brellenthin Angelique G.
Published: December 2023

Introduction

This study examined the effects of acute resistance exercise on circulating endocannabinoid (eCB) and mood responses in trained and untrained healthy adults.

Methods

Thirty-two healthy adults (22.1 ± 2.9 years) were recruited from trained (reporting resistance exercise at least twice per week for ≥ previous three months) and untrained (performing no resistance exercise for ≥ previous three months) groups. Participants (13 male, 19 female) completed three sets of resistance exercise (16 repetitions at 50% 1-repetition max, 12 repetitions at 70% 1-repetition max, 8 repetitions at 80% 1-repetition max). Resistance machines targeted the legs, chest, back, and abdominal muscles. Mood states, affect, and circulating eCB concentrations were evaluated before and after resistance exercise.

Results

There were significant decreases in AEA, PEA, and OEA levels following acute resistance exercise (p <0.05; ds = -0.39, -0.48, -0.65, respectively), with no significant group differences or group by time interactions. 2-AG did not change significantly. Positive affect increased significantly following resistance exercise (p = 0.009), while negative affect decreased (p <0.001). Depressive symptoms, anger, confusion, and total mood disturbance decreased significantly (p <0.05), while vigor increased significantly following resistance exercise (p = 0.005). There were no significant group differences or group by time interactions for any psychological outcomes.

Conclusion

These results indicate that acute resistance exercise may reduce eCB and related lipid concentrations, which is opposite to the increase in lipids typically observed with acute aerobic exercise. Furthermore, psychological improvements occur after resistance exercise regardless of decreases in eCBs, supporting the notion that psychological changes with exercise likely occur through a wide variety of biological and environmental mechanisms.
DNA barcoding identification of grafted Semen Ziziphi Spinosae and transcriptome study of wild Semen Ziziphi Spinosae
Authors: Wu Meng , Guo Haochuan , Zhao Mengwei , Yan Yuping , Zheng Yuguan , Sun Huigai , Ma Donglai
Published: December 2023

Semen Ziziphi Spinosae (SZS) is the dried and ripe seeds ofZiziphus jujubavar.spinosa. Currently, the yield of naturally grown SZS is unstable owing to environmental factors. Grafting high-quality sour jujube scions onto sour jujube or jujube tree stocks can result in a greater yield. However, the effects of grafting on the quality and gene expression of SZS have rarely been reported. This study used a DNA barcoding technique, high-performance liquid phase-evaporative luminescence detector (HPLC-ELSD), and transcriptomics to investigate the origin and genetic differences between grafted and wild jujube seeds. DNA barcoding identified all samples asZiziphus jujubavar.spinosa. HPLC-ELSD analysis revealed a higher content of grafted SZS compared to that of the wild SZS. Transcriptome analysis of the metabolic pathways in SZS showed that 22 and 19 differentially expressed gene sequences encoded enzymes related to flavonoids and saponin synthesis, respectively. Weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA) identified 15 core genes governing the differences in medicinal components between grafted and wild SZS. This study demonstrated the use of DNA barcoding and fingerprint methods to identify jujube seed species and effectively capture ingredient information of medicinal materials. Additionally, transcriptome technology provided data for identifying core differential genes, facilitating studies on quality differences between grafted and wild SZS.
The mediating role of psychological resilience on the negative effect of pain in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Xu Shuang , Zhang Qiongyu , Zhou Jiayan
Published: December 2023

The objective of this study was to investigate the direct effects of pain-induced depression and anxiety, as well as the mediating role of psychological resilience, on the psychological distress associated with rheumatoid arthritis. The method involved a sample of 196 patients with rheumatoid arthritis and applied the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale, and visual analog scale for pain. Bivariate and path analyses were performed, and a multiple mediational model was utilized. Results showed that all correlations among study variables were significant (p < 0.01). A partial mediation effect of psychological resilience was observed, and direct effects among the variables (pain, psychological resilience, anxiety, and depression) were statistically significant, including the direct effect of psychological resilience on depression and anxiety. The indirect effects of pain through psychological resilience on depression and anxiety were also significant. Thus, the results suggest that psychological resilience partially mediates the effects of pain-induced anxiety and depression in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.