bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Induction techniques that reduce redistribution hypothermia: A prospective, randomized, controlled, single blind study.
Authors: Roth Jonathan , Braitman Leonard E , Hunt Lacy H.
Published: April 2019

BACKGROUND
While much effort has been devoted to correcting intraoperative hypothermia, less attention has been directed to preventing redistribution hypothermia. In this study, we compared three different induction techniques to standard IV propofol inductions (control) in their effect on reducing redistribution hypothermia.
METHODS
Elective, afebrile patients, age 18 to 55 years, were randomly assigned to one of four groups (n=50 each). Group “INH/100” was induced with 8% sevoflurane in 100% oxygen, Group “INH/50” with 8% sevoflurane in 50% oxygen and 50% nitrous oxide, Group “PROP” with 2.2 mg/kg propofol, and Group “Phnl/PROP” with 2.2 mg/kg propofol immediately preceded by 160 mcg phenylephrine. Patients were maintained with sevoflurane in 50% nitrous oxide and 50% oxygen in addition to opioid narcotic. Forced air warming was used. Core temperatures were recorded every 15 minutes after induction for one hour. (Inhalation inductions only were also studied in patients age >55 years.)
RESULTS
Compared to control group PROP, the mean temperatures in groups INH/100, INH/50, and Phnl/PROP were higher 15, 30, 45 and 60 minutes after induction (p<0.0001 for all comparisons), averaging between 0.39oC and 0.54oC higher. In group PROP, 60% of patients had at least one temperature below 36.0oC in the first hour whereas only 16% did in each of groups INH/100, INH/50, and Phnl/PROP (p<0.0001 in each group compared to PROP). (Inhalation inductions were also effective in reducing redistribution hypothermia in patients age >55 years.)
CONCLUSIONS
Inhalation inductions with sevoflurane or prophylactic phenylephrine bolus prior to propofol induction reduced the magnitude of redistribution hypothermia by an average of 0.4 to 0.5°C in patients aged 18 to 55 years.

Registered on clinical-trials.gov as NCT02331108, November 20, 2014.
Rosai-Dorfman Disease – A Case Report
Authors: Medek Oldřich , Kašparová Petra , Bartoš Michael , Krůpa Petr , Klimova Blanka , Vališ Martin
Published: April 2019

Background: The aim is to discuss a case of a meningeal form of Rosai-Dorfman disease, is a rare haematological disease, primarily affecting lymph nodes, but it can also affect most organ systems of the human body, including the central nervous system. So far, there have been over 650 cases of this disease described in literature. Case presentation: This report deals with a young, 40-year-old man with a negative history of disease, who observed a loss of smell and taste, without a history of anxiety or an injury. The patient was hospitalized and completely examined. Consequently, a navigational biopsy of the brain was indicated. The findings showed that the patient suffered from Rosai-Dorfman disease with reactive gliosis in adjacent tissue without evidence of amyloid. Conclusions: In January, March, and then in May 2018, the patient was checked for the magnetic resonance imaging of the brain, according to which there was a significant regression of the finding, and according to the outpatient reports of the same year, the taste and vision of the left eye are gradually being adjusted. The patient was treated with new corticosteroids, which proved to be effective.
Effect of Sowing Date and Harvest Schedule on Organic Spinach Grown during the Winter in High Tunnels
Authors: Heyduck Robert F. , Guldan Steven J. , Guzmán Ivette
Published: April 2019

In a two-part study, we examined the effect of sowing date and harvest schedule on the yield of spinach (Spinacia oleracea) grown during the winter in 16 × 32-ft-high tunnels in northern New Mexico. Each part of the study was conducted for two growing seasons and took place between 2012 and 2015. In Study A (2012–13 and 2013–14), spinach was sown four times at roughly 2-week intervals (mid-October, early November, mid-November, and early December) and plant density (plants per square foot), plant height (centimeters), and yield (grams per square foot) were measured for three harvests in mid-January, mid-February, and mid-March. The earliest sowing date had the least-dense stands, and plant density increased with each subsequent sowing. The two earliest sowing dates had significantly higher season-long yield than the later two sowings. In Study B (2013–14 and 2014–15), all plots were sown in mid-October, but harvest schedule treatments were staggered such that harvests began at 9, 11, 13, or 15 weeks after sowing and continued at irregular intervals. Treatment 2, with harvests beginning after 11 weeks, had the greatest season-long yield, slightly greater than when harvests began at 9 weeks, and significantly more than when harvest began 13 weeks or later. More importantly, a staggered harvest schedule can provide spinach weekly for direct marketing opportunities.
Yield and Disease Resistance for Three Bacterial Wilt-resistant Tomato Rootstocks
Authors: Suchoff David H , Louws Frank J. , Gunter Christopher C.
Published: April 2019

Interest and use of grafted tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) in the United States continues to grow. Pioneered in Asia, herbaceous grafting is a commonly used cultural practice to manage many soilborne pathogens. Bacterial wilt (BW), caused by the pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum, is an aggressive soilborne pathogen that affects tomato grown in the southeastern United States. Traditional fumigation methods have limited effectiveness in the management of this pathogen. The present study was conducted to compare the bacterial wilt resistance of three commercially available tomato rootstocks, which are purported to be resistant to bacterial wilt: ‘Cheong Gang’, ‘RST-04-106-T’, and ‘Shield’. The determinate hybrid tomato ‘Red Mountain’, which is susceptible to bacterial wilt, was used as the scion and nongrafted control. Three locations were used over 2 years in North Carolina: an on-farm site with a history of bacterial wilt and two North Carolina Department of Agriculture Research Stations with no recent history of bacterial wilt. No disease symptoms were observed in any of the three grafted treatments, whereas the nongrafted controls showed between 30% and 80% disease incidence at the on-farm location. The resultant rootstock-imparted resistance improved marketable yields by between 88% and 125% compared with the nongrafted plants. When grown in locations lacking BW there were no yield benefits to grafting with any of the three rootstocks.
Investing assets of non-state pension funds in bonds
Authors: Achkasova Svіtlana , Urum Anastasiia
Published: April 2019

Non-state pension funds play an important role in the development of the economy. The development of the system of non-state pension provision, which includes non-state pension funds, complies with the main aspects of the Ukraine – 2020 Sustainable Development Strategy. The importance of selecting investment areas for non-state pension funds results in the need to further explore and find ways to improve the investment process. The purpose of the article is to develop theoretical and methodological aspects of investing assets of non-state pension funds in bonds. The study object is the investment activity of non-state pension funds. The following methods are used: vertical and horizontal analysis, SWOT analysis, regression analysis, graphical and tabular methods. It is determined that effective investment of non-state pension funds’ assets provides an increase in the value of assets, which in turn enables participants of non-state pension funds to enhance the quality of life. Involving non-state pension funds in the stock market and their interaction with other entities in this market are illustrated by the investment in bonds example. The market of bonds in Ukraine for 2013-2017 has been analyzed and the tendency towards development has been determined. The possibilities and threats of investment of non-state pension funds’ assets in bonds are substantiated. The approach to determining the impact of factors on the government bond yields, in particular, bonds of domestic state loans and bonds of enterprises has been further developed. This approach, unlike the existing ones, provides for the use of regression analysis and takes into account changes in the environment according to factors (consumer price index and household income for government bonds, the number of enterprises and the discount rate of the National Bank of Ukraine for bonds of enterprises). That is of practical importance and will make it possible to improve the investment strategy of non-state pension fund assets in bonds.
Design of water distribution systems using an intelligent simple benchmarking algorithm with respect to cost optimization and computational efficiency
Authors: Shende Sachin , Chau K. W.
Published: April 2019

The increasing stress on the water distribution network (WDN) considering demand satisfaction with minimum cost has inspired designers to apply various optimization techniques to meet the consequent challenges. The traditional way of using optimization methods, e.g. stochastic meta-heuristic algorithms, have come along with various constraints to explore an optimum solution. In this study, a newly developed meta-heuristic algorithm called the Simple Benchmarking Algorithm (SBA) is used to optimize pipe size. A modified approach with SBA having interfaces with the EPANET 2.0 hydraulic simulation model is used to compute the minimum cost of the two-loop network and the Hanoi benchmark WDN. Results show that SBA is more efficient in obtaining the least possible cost with fast convergence.
Does intermittent aeration and/or an influent distributary affect nitrogen removal and nitrous oxide emission of an ecological soil wastewater infiltration system?
Authors: Zhao Yue , Zhang Zhiyu , Li Ziqi , Wang Shiyao , Tan Chaoquan , Fan Linlin , Pan Jing
Published: April 2019

The effect of intermittent aeration and an influent distributary on NH4+-N removal, total nitrogen (TN) removal, nitrous oxide (N2O) emission and the abundances of nitrogen removal and N2O emission functional genes in four types of ecological soil wastewater infiltration systems (ESWISs) (which were conventional ESWIS 1 (operated without aeration and influent distributary), ESWIS 2 (operated with intermittent aeration), ESWIS 3 (operated with influent distributary) and ESWIS 4 (operated with intermittent aeration and influent distributary)) were studied. Intermittent aeration in ESWIS 2 and 4 created aerobic conditions above 50 cm depth of the matrix and anoxic or anaerobic conditions in the lower matrix (below 80 cm depth). ESWIS 4 improved NH4+-N (to 90.1%) and TN (to 87.8%) removal efficiencies and increased the abundances of eight nitrogen removal and N2O emission functional genes (amoA, nxrA, narG, napA, nirS, nirK, qnorB and nosZ) in contrast with other ESWISs. The combination of intermittent aeration and influent distributary achieved the lowest N2O emission rate of 34.7 mg/(m2 d) in ESWIS 4. Intermittent aeration combined with influent distributary was recommended for ESWISs to enhance nitrogen removal and reduce N2O emission.
Analysis of carbon sink effects for saline constructed wetlands vegetated with mangroves to treat mariculture wastewater and sewage
Authors: Yang Lei , Yuan Chung-Shin
Published: April 2019

In this study, two saline mangrove artificial wetlands, Datang Saline Constructed Wetland (DSCW) created for treating mariculture wastewater and sewage, vegetated with Avicennia marina, and Mangrove Wetland Park (MWP) created for mangrove conservation, vegetated with Rhizophora stylosa, were selected for assessment of carbon sequestration and carbon budget based on measuring greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and net primary productivities. The average GHG flux and net carbon sequestration flux as carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2 eq.) were measured. The results showed that the GHG flux emitted from DSCW and MWP were 2,128 and 2,148 g CO2 eq./m2-yr, respectively, while the flux of net sequestered carbon was 2,909 and 3,178 g CO2 eq./m2-yr, respectively, which achieved carbon budget values of −676 and −230 g CO2 eq./m2-yr, respectively, exhibiting carbon source effects. Some amounts of N2O, with a high global warming potential of 265, emitted from both artificial wetland systems might cause high GHG flux as CO2 eq. emitted from the wetland systems. It was concluded that both the nitrogenous contents and environmental conditions suitable for microbial production of N2O might be the main factors to change the wetland systems from carbon sinks to carbon sources.
Gene Expression in Osteoblasts and Osteoclasts Under Microgravity Conditions: A Systematic Review
Authors: Chatziravdeli Vasiliki , Katsaras George N. , Lambrou George I.
Published: April 2019

Background:

Microgravity (µG) negatively influences bone metabolism by affecting normal osteoblast and osteoclast function. µG effects on bone metabolism has been an extensive field of study in recent years, due to the challenges presented by space flight.

Methods:

We systematically reviewed research data from genomic studies performed in real or simulated µG, on osteoblast and osteoclast cells. Our search yielded 50 studies, of which 39 concerned cells of the osteoblast family and 11 osteoclast precursors.

Results:

Osteoblastic cells under µG show a decreased differentiation phenotype, proved by diminished expression levels of Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) and Osteocalcin (OCN) but no apoptosis. Receptor Activator of NF-κB Ligand (RANKL)/ Osteoprotegerine (OPG) ratio is elevated in favor of RANKL in a time-dependent manner, and further RANKL production is caused by upregulation of Interleukin- 6 (IL-6) and the inflammation pathway. Extracellular signals and changes in the gravitational environment are perceived by mechanosensitive proteins of the cytoskeleton and converted to intracellular signals through the Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase pathway (MAPK). This is followed by changes in the expression of nuclear transcription factors of the Activator Protein-1 (AP-1) family and in turn of the NF-κB, thus affecting osteoblast differentiation, cell cycle, proliferation and maturation. Pre-osteoclastic cells show increased expression of the marker proteins such as Tryptophan Regulated Attenuation Protein (TRAP), cathepsin K, Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) under µG conditions and become sensitized to RANKL.

Conclusion:

Suppressing the expression of fusion genes such as syncytine-A which acts independently of RANKL, could be possible future therapeutic targets for microgravity side effects.
Demographic and Clinical Evaluation of Patients with Pancreatic Cancer in Mashhad University of Medical Sciences During 2002-2013
Authors: Rad Mina A. , Fanipakdel Azar , Vossoughinia Hassan , Dadgarmoghaddam Maliheh , Esmaeili Benyamin , Jafarian Amir H. , Salari Masoumeh , Firoozi Abdollah
Published: April 2019

Introduction:

Pancreatic cancer consists of 10% of digestive tract tumors, and while
rare, it is associated with high mortality. In this study, we collected the patients’ data including
tumor location, metastasis, pathology type, demographic factors, risk factors, and clinical and
laboratory profile at the time of diagnosis to find the relation between these factors and disease
progression.

Methods:

This study includes all data from real charts of patients with a definitive diagnosis of
pancreatic cancer, admitted to Ghaem, Imam Reza, and Omid hospitals from 2002 to 2013. All
the data which were available in lab results, exams, and patient files, were used accordingly.

Results:

348 pancreatic cancer patients entered the study. About 61.5% of the subjects were men.
Mean age was 59.67±14.37 years. Main complaints were abdominal pain (42.53%), jaundice
(13.79%) or both (37.07%). We found a positive history of cancer in the first-degree relatives of
3.7% of patients, with the most prevalent being gastric cancer (46.1%). Cigarette smoking
(P<0.001), tobacco smoking (cigarette or hookah) (P<0.001), opium use (P<0.001), and alcohol
consumption (P=0.01) were significantly higher in men rather than women. However, hookah
smoking was significantly higher in women (P=0.003). The most prevalent comorbidities were
diabetes mellitus (33%) and hypertension (27.8%). The most common location of pancreatic
cancer was head of the pancreas (85.3%). The most common pancreatic tumor pathology was
adenocarcinoma (92.8%) with the same quiet prevalence in both genders. (P=0.5), It occurred significantly
more in patients over 45 years old (P<0.001). Also, 45.7% of these patients had distant
metastasis and liver was the most common metastatic site (69.8%).

Conclusion:

The age range was between 40 and 80 years old. The most common chief complaints
were jaundice and abdominal pain. The most common tumor location was head of the pancreas.
Adenocarcinoma was the most common pathology. The liver was the most common metastasis
site.
Removal of Pb (II) from Aqueous Medium by Nanostructured Mesoporous Material MCM-48: Studies on Equilibrium, Isotherm, Kinetics and Thermodynamics
Authors: Zhai Qing-Zhou
Published: April 2019

Background:

In recent years, with the progress of human civilization, environmental pollution
is aggravating. Among them, heavy metal pollution is one of the greatest harmful water pollution
problems. As a global pollution problem, heavy metal pollution, such as lead, has been given more attention
by scientists. How to solve this problem, is an interesting issue.

Objective:

The aims of the current study are to develop the optimized adsorption conditions of Pb2+ by
an MCM (Mobil Composition of Matter)-48 mesoporous molecular sieve material and study the properties
of this adsorption.

Method:

First, an MCM-48 mesoporous molecular sieve was prepared by the hydrothermal method
by using cetyltrimethylammonium as the template and tetraethyl orthosilicate as the silica source. The
prepared sample was characterized by powder X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy.
Then, a harmful heavy metal Pb2+ was adsorbed by MCM-48. Effects of acidity, contact time, temperature,
the initial concentration of lead(II) and the dosage of adsorbent on the rates of adsorption were
studied, and the optimum adsorptive conditions were obtained.

Results:

The results show that when pH value was 4.5, the temperature was 18 ± 1°C, contact time
was 40 min and m(MCM-48): m(Pb2+) = 2.5 (mass ratio), the adsorptive effect was the best, the adsorption
rate was 96.71% and the adsorptive capacity was 386.84 mg/g. After the kinetic calculation,
it was known that the process of the adsorption of Pb2+ by MCM-48 conforms to the pseudo-secondorder
kinetic equation. Thermodynamic calculation shows that the adsorption is an exothermic process.
The adsorption obeys the Freundlich adsorption isotherm equation. Nitric acid, hydrochloric acid
and acetic acid were used to study the effects of desorption, indicating that the desorptive effect was
the best using 0.1 mol/L of nitric acid as a desorptive agent. At the time of desorption 6 h, its desorptive
ratio was the highest and reached 71.11%.

Conclusion:

This method is an alternative for removing harmful substances containing lead, which
has a potential for application in processing lead-polluted waters.
The Effect of Concentrated Light Intensity on Temperature Coefficient of
the InGaP/InGaAs/Ge Triple-Junction Solar Cell
Authors: Wang Zilong , Zhang Hua , Zhao Wei , Zhou Zhigang , Chen Mengxun
Published: April 2019

Research on automatic tracking solar concentrator photovoltaic systems has gained increasing attention in developing the solar PV technology. A paraboloidal concentrator with secondary optic is developed for a three-junction GaInP/GalnAs/Ge solar cell. The concentration ratio of this system is 200 and the photovoltaic cell is cooled by the heat pipe. A detailed analysis on the temperature coefficient influence factors of triple-junction solar cell under different high concentrations (75X, 100X, 125X, 150X, 175X and 200X) has been conducted based on the dish-style concentration photovoltaic system. The results show that under high concentrated light intensity, the temperature coefficient of Voc of triple-junction solar cell is increasing as the concentration ratio increases, from -10.84 mV/°C @ 75X growth to -4.73mV/°C @ 200X. At low concentration, the temperature coefficient of Voc increases rapidly, and then increases slowly as the concentration ratio increases. The temperature dependence of η increased from -0.346%/°C @ 75X growth to - 0.103%/°C @ 200X and the temperature dependence of Pmm and FF increased from -0.125 W/°C, -0.35%/°C @ 75X growth to -0.048W/°C, -0.076%/°C @ 200X respectively. It indicated that the temperature coefficient of three-junction GaInP/GalnAs/Ge solar cell is better than that of crystalline silicon cell array under concentrating light intensity.
Flow Management in a Double-Offset, Transitional Twin Air-Intake at Different Inflow Conditions
Authors: Rajnath Yadav K.K. , Paul Akshoy R. , Jain Anuj
Published: April 2019

Background:

Transitional twin air-intake is a vital component of the air-induction system of single-engine combat aircraft. Combat aircraft do not always fly at steady, uniform flow conditions. But in some cases, it operates at different asymmetric flow conditions, which cause a change in aerodynamic performance of aircraft components like compressor and combustor.

Objective:

In order to improve the air quality at the outlet of air-intake- called Aerodynamic Inlet Plane (AIP) of this twin air-intake and to improve its aerodynamic performance for wide ranges of inflow conditions, slotted synthetic jets are used.

Methods:

Computational studies are carried out using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software for various types of skewed turbulent velocity profiles at inlet-2 with skewness number (ξ = 0, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7), while an average uniform velocity of 20m/s at inlet-1. Based on this analysis, worst case is selected and a pair of slotted synthetic jets is used just before the inflexion plane of the twin air-intake using transition SST turbulence model.

Results:

The flow behaviour of transitional twin air-intake becomes more complex with the increase in skewness number, thereby decreasing the aerodynamic performance of the air-intakes. With the use of slotted synthetic jets, an improvement in static pressure recovery and decrement in total pressure loss coefficient, distortion in coeffient swirl coefficient and secondary flow non-uniformity are observed which is a great sign of improved aerodynamic performance for the twin air-intakes.

Conclusion:

It is proved in this study that synthetic jet can be used effectively in twin air-intake to control the flow features leading to better flow uniformity and increased overall performance at the AIP without increasing the net-mass flow rate, thereby reducing the chance of stall/surge in the aeroengines. Hybrid flow control technique (synthetic jet coupled with vortex generator array) or newer flow control technique (plasma jet) are being explored for its possible use in engine air-intakes as revealed from recent patents filed/published in this area.
Design and Analysis of TCSC Performance for 1200 kV UHVAC Transmission System
Authors: Bharti Satyadharma , Dubey Satya P.
Published: April 2019

Background:

Technical feasibility of Ultra High Voltage (UHV) Transmission system is
proven through many UHV projects worldwide and research is going on to make it commercially
viable. The rapid development of Power Electronics in the field of UHV AC power system has resulted
in the economic and efficient transmission of bulk power over long distances.

Methods:

In order to improve the voltage profile of the transmission system, power transfer capability,
transient and dynamic stability; Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) devices have been
introduced at UHV level. The present paper focuses on the design and evaluation of TCSC system
for the Indian UHVAC system for its Wardha Aurangabad Line, which is at present operating at 400
kV but will be upgraded soon to 1200 kV. A flow chart is prepared for the determination of the values
of TCSC inductor and capacitor.

Result:

PSCAD/ EMTDC Software-Simulation based study is carried out to analyze the behavior
of the UHV transmission line with TCSC. The effect of improvement in power transfer capability,
with and without the use of TCSC scheme; through Constant- Current mode, closed-loop control has
been investigated for a healthy line and a faulty line.

Conclusion:

With the use of TCSC, an increase of 52% is observed in the power transfer capability of
the line, which is raised from about 5000 MW to 7777 MW. The paper will prove a milestone for
academicians, researchers, and design engineers in the field of Power Electronics and Power Systems.
Use of Sexed Semen in Indian Dairy Cattle: A Case Study
Authors: Jethva P.C. , Patel S.B.
Published: April 2019

This study was undertaken at the calf rearing project (CRP) of AMUL at Sarsa Village, Anand, Gujarat to assess the conception rate and sorting efficiency of imported sexed semen of HF bulls. In all, 127 pubertal crossbred heifers (b.wt.
250-300 kg) were artificially inseminated during the year 2016-17 using 172 sexed semen doses (few with repeat insemination), resulting in 68 pregnancies. The conception rate of sexed semen was found to be 39.53%. Out of 68 pregnant heifers, 2
heifers aborted and one heifer died before calving. Out of rest 65 animals that calved, 54 heifers delivered female calves, 9 had male calves and two were female stillbirth. Thus, sexed semen produced 86.15% female calves and 13.85 % male calves.
This small scale study highlights the success of sexed semen under field condition in producing calves of the desired sex in high percentage.
Studies on the Therapeutic Approaches for Uterine Torsion in Surti Buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis)
Authors: Gaur Mitesh , . Satish
Published: April 2019

The present study was conducted on 55 pregnant torsion affected Surti buffaloes presented to VCC of the College, Navania (Udaipur). Three types of therapeutic approaches were used, viz., ‘simple rolling of the dam’ (n=14), Sharma’s modified
Schaffer’s technique (n=41) and Caesarean Section (n=20/41) with the success rate of 100 %, 51.22 % and 36.36 %, respectively. On an average 1-4 rolling were tried and then CS was performed. The survival rate of dam following vaginal delivery and CS
was 94.28 (33/35) and 80.00 (16/20) %, respectively. The overall rate of survival for dam and fetus was 89.09 (49/55) and 9.09 (5/55), respectively. The success rate was better for cases with less degree of torsion (up to 180°). The birth ratio among
the affected cases for male and female was 58:42, suggesting male fetus as one of the predisposing causes of torsion in buffalo.
Exploring Associations Between the Self-Reported Values, Well-Being, and Health Behaviors of Finnish Citizens: Cross-Sectional Analysis of More Than 100,000 Web-Survey Responses
Authors: Honka Anita Marianne , Helander Elina , Pavel Misha , Jimison Holly , Mustonen Pekka , Korhonen Ilkka , Ermes Miikka
Published: April 2019

Background

Understanding the relationship between personal values, well-being, and health-related behavior could facilitate the development of engaging, effective digital interventions for promoting well-being and the healthy lifestyles of citizens. Although the associations between well-being and values have been quite extensively studied, the knowledge about the relationship between health behaviors and values is less comprehensive.

Objective

The aim of this study was to assess retrospectively the associations between self-reported values and commitment to values combined with self-reported well-being and health behaviors from a large cross-sectional dataset.

Methods

We analyzed 101,130 anonymous responses (mean age 44.78 years [SD 13.82]; 78.88%, 79,770/101,130 women) to a Finnish Web survey, which were collected as part of a national health promotion campaign. The data regarding personal values were unstructured, and the self-reported value items were classified into value types based on the Schwartz value theory and by applying principal component analysis. Logistic and multiple linear regression were used to explore the associations of value types and commitment to values with well-being factors (happiness, communal social activity, work, and family-related distress) and health behaviors (exercise, eating, smoking, alcohol consumption, and sleep).

Results

Commitment to personal values was positively related to happiness (part r2=0.28), communal social activity (part r2=0.09), and regular exercise (part r2=0.06; P<.001 for all). Health, Power (social status and dominance), and Mental balance (self-acceptance) values had the most extensive associations with health behaviors. Regular exercise, healthy eating, and nonsmoking increased the odds of valuing Health by 71.7%, 26.8%, and 40.0%, respectively (P<.001 for all). Smoking, unhealthy eating, irregular exercise, and increased alcohol consumption increased the odds of reporting Power values by 27.80%, 27.78%, 24.66%, and 17.35%, respectively (P<.001 for all). Smoking, unhealthy eating, and irregular exercise increased the odds of reporting Mental balance values by 20.79%, 16.67%, and 15.37%, respectively (P<.001 for all). In addition, lower happiness levels increased the odds of reporting Mental balance and Power values by 24.12% and 20.69%, respectively (P<.001 for all).

Conclusions

The findings suggest that commitment to values is positively associated with happiness and highlight various, also previously unexplored, associations between values and health behaviors.
Working Capital Management in Indonesia: An Analysis on Over-investment and Under-investment Firms
Authors: Setianto Rahmat Heru , Pratiwi Adinda
Published: April 2019

This study aims to examine the existence of excess working capital in Indonesian firms and its effect on the firms’ performance and risk. The sample includes 425 firm-year observations of Indonesian manufacturing firms for the period 2010 – 2014. To account for the potential asymmetric relation between excess Net Working Capital (NWC) and firm performance, an asymmetric regression model is employed, allowing the slope coefficient of the excess NWC to be different for positive and negative excess NWC. The results indicate (i) the existence of an optimal level of working capital, (ii) higher excess working capital leads to lower performance and risk, (iii) additional investment in working capital reduces firms’ performance for those with positive excess working capital. It is also documented that (iv) additional investment in working capital reduces firms’ risk for those that have working capital deficiencies. The findings have important implications for corporate managers in determining the optimal level of working capital.
The Effect of Executive Compensation on Credit Default Swap Spread
Authors: Meizaroh Meizaroh , Masripah Masripah
Published: April 2019

Investors have been trying to formulate the optimum composition of executives’ compensation which will incentivize the executives to perform better and act in the shareholders’ best interests. This study aims to find empirical evidence about the impact of executive compensation on the default risk with the Credit Default Swap (CDS) spread as the proxy, using panel data to test the research model, which combines the analysis of cross-section and time series data. The study is conducted based on 1,416 observations of 177 U.S. companies from 2008-2015. The data are mainly collected from Datastream, Compustat, CRSP, and the US SEC’s EDGAR database. The current study provides a contribution by suggesting that executives’ compensation will trigger risk-taking behavior. The results of this study reveal, firstly, both equity-based compensation and debt-like compensation induce risk-taking behavior by the executives. Secondly, the correlation between both the form of the compensation and the CDS spread is weakened in a high information asymmetry environment. Lastly, this study finds that a CFO’s compensation has more influence on the CDS spread, compared to the other board executives, but this condition only occurs when the compensation is awarded in the form of debt-like compensation. To improve the generalization of the results, a further study may consider expanding the sample into several countries.
Duration of Dual Antiplatelet Therapy in Patients with CKD and Drug-Eluting Stents
Authors: Mavrakanas Thomas A. , Chatzizisis Yiannis S. , Gariani Karim , Kereiakes Dean J. , Gargiulo Giuseppe , Helft Gérard , Gilard Martine , Feres Fausto , Costa Ricardo A. , Morice Marie-Claude , Georges Jean-Louis , Valgimigli Marco , Bhatt Deepak L. , Mauri Laura , Charytan David M.
Published: April 2019

Background and objectives

Whether prolonged dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) is more protective in patients with CKD and drug-eluting stents compared with shorter DAPT is uncertain. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to examine whether shorter DAPT in patients with drug-eluting stents and CKD is associated with lower mortality or major adverse cardiovascular event rates compared with longer DAPT.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements

A Medline literature research was conducted to identify randomized trials in patients with drug-eluting stents comparing different DAPT duration strategies. Inclusion of patients with CKD was also required. The primary outcome was a composite of all-cause mortality, myocardial infarction, stroke, or stent thrombosis (definite or probable). Major bleeding was the secondary outcome. The risk ratio (RR) was estimated using a random-effects model.

Results

Five randomized trials were included (1902 patients with CKD). Short DAPT (≤6 months) was associated with a similar incidence of the primary outcome, compared with 12-month DAPT among patients with CKD (48 versus 50 events; RR, 0.93; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.64 to 1.36; P=0.72). Twelve-month DAPT was also associated with a similar incidence of the primary outcome compared with extended DAPT (≥30 months) in the CKD subgroup (35 versus 35 events; RR, 1.04; 95% CI, 0.67 to 1.62; P=0.87). Numerically lower major bleeding event rates were detected with shorter versus 12-month DAPT (9 versus 13 events; RR, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.30 to 1.60; P=0.39) and 12-month versus extended DAPT (9 versus 12 events; RR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.35 to 1.93; P=0.66) in patients with CKD.

Conclusions

Short DAPT does not appear to be inferior to longer DAPT in patients with CKD and drug-eluting stents. Because of imprecision in estimates (few events and wide confidence intervals), no definite conclusions can be drawn with respect to stent thrombosis.
Economic Issues in Budgeting Genetic Test in Israel and in the World
Authors: Gabaren Sara
Published: April 2019

Promotion and performance of hereditary screening tests is known by the world health organizations as one of the economically most efficient processes, i.e., investing resources in screening tests in a process, which has increasing efficiency every year to locate an increasing number of known hereditary diseases in order to advice in preventing pregnancies with risk to have a child with incurable hereditary diseases and that will shorten his life expectancy. However, besides the economic success discussion, the other side must be examined, the side of the tests’ target population. For this population the screening tests’ economic aspect is both the tests cost and the illness’s influence on the family. The discussion in these two aspects is separate, with only few researches examining the mutual influence of these economic considerations. Therefore, an integrated examination of the considerations must be taken to increase the hereditary screening tests and continue to reduce the incidence of hereditary disease in the world.
Усилители мощности по схеме Догерти Часть 1
Authors: Кочемасов В. , Косичкина Т.
Published: April 2019

Рассмотрены усилители мощности по схеме Догерти. Приведена информация о принципе их работы, достоинствах и недостатках, технологиях изготовления, архитектуре и другие сведения.
Классификация основных технологий «флип-чип» для использования в современных системах в корпусе
Authors: Хохлун А. , Чигиринский С.
Published: April 2019

В статье даны систематизация и описание популярных вариантов технологии «флип-чип», приведены данные по динамике развития этого сегмента рынка микроэлектронных устройств и предложен комплект оборудования, который может быть интересен отечественным производителям компонентов типа «система в корпусе» (SiP).
Средства статической верификации SpyGlass и VC LP: поиск ошибок на уровне RTL
Authors: Бинуа Ж.-Ф. , Белоусов С. , Ковалевский Ю.
Published: April 2019

Приводятся назначение и некоторые возможности средств статической верификации SpyGlass и VC LP от компании Synopsys в приложении к их применению на уровне RTL с целью выявления ошибок в проектах СБИС на ранних стадиях процесса разработки.
Características sociodemográficas y clínicas de pacientes con diagnóstico nuevo de VIH
Authors: Figueroa–Agudelo Fabio Nelson , Cabrera–Garcia Huxlhey Braulio , Zapata–Cárdenas Andrés , Donado–Gómez Jorge Hernando
Published: April 2019

Objetivo: caracterizar de forma sociodemográfica y clínica pacientes con diagnóstico nuevo de VIH, que fueron hospitalizados en una Clínica Universitaria de alta complejidad entre el año 2010 – 2016.Materiales y métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptico, de corte transversal por medio de revisión de historias clínicas, que incluyo pacientes ≥14 años, a quienes se les diagnosticó VIH durante la hospitalización y tuvieran al menos un conteo de linfocitos CD4.Resultados: la mediana para la edad fue 41 años (RIC 31 – 51), el 85,1% eran hombres. Los principales síntomas al ingreso fueron generales/sistémicos (70,2%). 99 pacientes (61,5%) tenían infecciones oportunistas siendo tuberculosis la más frecuente (34,3%). La mediana para el conteo de CD4 fue 88 células/mm3 RIC (27 – 327) y el 77% se clasificó como SIDA. 29 pacientes murieron (18%) encontrando como posible factor de riesgo tener conteo de CD4 <200 células/mm3, no pertenecer al régimen contributivo, ingresar con síntomas respiratorios, tener diagnóstico de neumonía, criterios de falla multiorgánica o necesidad de UCI/UCE.Conclusión: para nuestro caso la mayoría de pacientes con diagnóstico nuevo de VIH se encontraban en estados avanzados de inmunosupresión con alta carga de enfermedades definitorias de SIDA. Es importante fortalecer las políticas de salud pública para diagnosticar más temprano la infección por VIH.
Biliary tract infections and their Microbiological Spectrum- A study from coastal region of Southern India
Authors: Mamatha Ballal , Shenoy Padmaja Ananth , Sunil Rodrigues Gabriel , Martena Devadas Suganthi , Shetty Vignesh , Rodney Bangera Sohan , Asha R , Rajini KV , Shrilaxmi MS
Published: April 2019

Objective: Biliary tract infections include cholangitis and cholecystitis. They are associated with high morbidity and mortality in elderly patients with co-morbid disease. The present study was undertaken to determine the microbial aetiology causing biliary tract infections and also to study their antimicrobial resistance profile.Materials & methods: A retrospective study was conducted from January 2011 to December 2016 at the Enteric Diseases Division, Kasturba Medical College Hospital, Manipal. Patients with biliary tract infections admitted in tertiary referral health care hospital, Manipal were included for the study. Aerobic and anaerobic bacteriological and fungal aetiology of biliary tract infections were recorded along with their antimicrobial resistance profile.Results: Out of 307 bile samples sent for aerobic culture and susceptibly testing 187 (60.91%) were positive for culture, of which Escherichia coli (44.4%) was the predominant aetiology followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (27.3%). Among the 14 samples sent for anaerobic culture, 5 (35.75%) specimens showed growth, of which Bacteroides fragilis group was found to be the predominant anaerobe. Among the 201 bacterial pathogens tested for their antimicrobial susceptibility, 108 (53.73%) isolates were resistant, out of which 9 were PDR Enterobacteriaceae with 12 ESBL strains. All the Candida species were susceptible to fluconazole with the exception of C. glabrata and C. krusei. All the anaerobic isolates were found to be susceptible to Metronidazole.Conclusions: The high rate of bacterial infection particularly gram-negative bacteria was recorded. It is necessary that antimicrobial therapy be initiated when culture or the clinical conditions reports caution. Routine aerobic and anaerobic culturing of bile samples with biliary tract infections are imperatively necessary. With the emergence of multidrug resistant pathogens and change in the microbiological spectrum of biliary tract infections, there is a need for the empirical antimicrobial therapy in every clinical setting.
Contribución de la prueba rápida NS1 e IgM al diagnóstico de dengue en Colombia en el periodo pre-zika
Authors: Clemen G , Angel J. , Montes C. , Tovar JR , Osorio L.
Published: April 2019

Objetivo: Se considera que el diagnóstico del dengue es fundamentalmente clínico; sin embargo, las pruebas rápidas basadas en la detección de IgM o NS1/IgM están siendo utilizadas en los servicios de salud. Este estudio determinó la contribución de las pruebas rápidas al diagnóstico de dengue en un área endémica antes de la introducción del virus zika.Metodología: Diseño de corte transversal de pruebas diagnósticas realizado a partir del análisis secundario de un estudio previo en 14 instituciones de salud del Valle del Cauca. Se obtuvo información de 632 participantes con resultados de prueba rápida, diagnóstico clínico y pruebas de referencia ELISA NS1, ELISA IgM y RT-PCR. Se compararon la sensibilidad, especificidad, valores predictivos y razones de verosimilitud del uso solo, en serie, y paralelo de los componentes NS1, IgM, NS1/IgM de la prueba rápida y el diagnóstico clínico con las pruebas Q de Cochran y McNemar para datos pareados.Resultados: La sensibilidad del diagnóstico clínico (61,4% IC95% 56%-66,7%) fue superior a la de las pruebas rápidas (37% IC95% 29,6%-44,7%) (P<0,001). El uso en serie de la prueba NS1/IgM cuando el diagnóstico clínico fue negativo aumentó la sensibilidad a 79,5% y, el uso en serie cuando el diagnóstico clínico fue positivo aumentó la especificidad (de 66,3% a 98,7%). Sin embargo, este último disminuyó la sensibilidad a 32,2%. Todas las razones de verosimilitud negativas (LR-) fueron cercanas a 1; mientras que, el uso en serie cuando el diagnóstico clínico fue positivo tuvo LR+ mayores de 10.Conclusión: El diagnóstico clínico tiene una mayor sensibilidad que las pruebas rápidas, pero por si solo no es suficiente para confirmar o descartar dengue. Un resultado positivo en pruebas rápidas en pacientes con diagnóstico clínico de dengue es útil para confirmarlo, pero un resultado negativo no lo descarta.
Aislamiento e identificación de madurella mycetomatis de un micetoma podal
Authors: Ramos Laura , Luque Alicia , Alvarez Delia
Published: April 2019

Comunicamos el primer hallazgo en nuestro laboratorio de un micetoma podal producido por Madurella mycetomatis. La identificación de la cepa, se realizó a través de los siguientes caracteres: aspecto de los gránulos, macro y micromorfología en diversos medios de cultivo y capacidad de asimilación de hidratos de carbono. Se probó además la sensibilidad in vitro a distintos antifúngicos.Destacamos el buen resultado terapéutico obtenido con la medicación utilizada
Studies on the occurrence of fungi in a whea-field. L. Mesophilic, Thermophiuc and keratinophilic fungi in soil
Authors: Caretta Giuseppe , Del Frate Giuseppe , Della Franca Paola , Guglielminetti Maria , Mangiarotti Anna Maria , Savino Elena
Published: April 2019

Desde Octubre 1982 a Julio 1983 un total de 1772 colonias fúngicas se aislaron desde suelos de trigales en Lombardía. Se estudiaron hongos mesófilos, termófilos y queratinófilos. Entre los mesófilos (59 especies) se detectan como dominantes: Fusarium oxysporum, Lipomyces starkeyi, penicillium janthinellum; como frecuentes, Cryptococcus albidus, Gibberella acuminata, Gliocladium roseum, Rhizopus stolonifer; y otros raros Bahusakala olivaceonigra, Pseudallescheria boydii, Truncotella angustata, Verticillium lecanii, Pyrenochaeta ilicis, Myrotheclum roridum, Drechslera dematioidea. Entre los termófilos (15 especies) como dominantes, Aspergillus fumigatus y Rhizomucor pusillus; frecuentes, Scytalidium thermophilum y thermomyces lanuginosus. Entre los queratinofílicos (11 especies), como dominantes Myceliophthora anamorfo de Ctenomyces serratus, Microsporum gypseum fulvum complex y Chrysosporium merdarium como frecuentes, Chrysosporium keratinophilum y Ctenomyces serratus. Durante Febrero y Abril, la incidencia de todos los grupos aumenta notoriamente.
Studies on the occurrence of fungi in a whea-field. II. Fungi on the phylloplane and fungal air-spora
Authors: Caretta Giuseppe , Del Frate Giuseppe , Della Franca Paola , Guglielminetti Maria , Mangiarotti Anna Maria , Savino Elena
Published: April 2019

Se compararon las especies fúngicas detectadas en el filoplano del trigo durante su ciclo de vida con el registro de esporas aéreas ambientales en la zona norte de Italia. Del filoplano se aislaron 68 especies pertenecientes a 35 géneros, que incluyeron: Alternaria alternata, Aureobasidium pullulans var. pullullans Cladosporium dodosporioides y Epicoccum purpurascens (presentes todos los meses). Se registraron ocasionalmente unos pocos patógenos tales como Drechslera anamorfo de Cochliobolus Sativus, Erysiphe graminis y Septoria tritici.En general, se aprecia una transición gradual en las especies desde el inicio del desarrollo de la senescencia de la hoja con un aparente cambio de la población fúngica en abrilLos géneros dominantes en el aire que mostraron un alto peak de concentración entre junio y agosto corresponden a Cladosporium, Alternaria, Epicoccum y Fusarium.Destacamos la gran abundancia de hongos en abril, con una relativa baja concentración en el aire; en junio y julio, la situación fue a la inversa.
Calidad bacteriológica del agua en playas de Valparaíso y Viña del Mar. III contaminación ambiental
Authors: Campos V. , Zahr M. , Tello P. G. , Ríos R.
Published: April 2019

Se determina la contaminación microbiológica del agua de mar. en las playas más importantes de la Bahía de Valparaíso utilizando indicadores bacterianos.Coliformes totales y coliformes fecales se utilizaron como indicadores siguiendo los procedimientos de “Standard Methods”Se realiza una comparación de las técnicas de enumeración entre la fermentación de tubos múltiples y la técnica de filtración por membrana.Los resultados son expresados como media geométricas, para cada una de las estaciones estudiadas.Finalmente, se discuten los resultados obtenidos y la significación que podría tener en relación a la salud pública.
Jogo de contar histórias: o uso de técnicas de criação de narrativas colaborativas em sala de aula
Authors: Schuster Tatiane , Correa Lopes Tiago Ricciardi
Published: April 2019

O artigo relata o processo de desenvolvimento e aplicação de uma técnica de criação de narrativas colaborativas com alunos de ensino fundamental e médio, tendo como objetivo principal prestar uma contribuição ao debate sobre o uso de elementos lúdicos em atividades de ensino-aprendizagem. Os procedimentos metodológicos incluem: pesquisa de sistemas de jogos de interpretação de papéis, planejamento e aplicação de uma técnica de criação coletiva de histórias com alunos de ensino fundamental e médio. A discussão é realizada com base nos resultados das experiências de aplicação da técnica, encaminhando propostas de reformulação e ajustes em sua mecânica de funcionamento.