bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Density Measurement of Three-Phase Flows Inside of Vertical Piping Using Planar Laser Induced Fluorescence PLIF
Authors: McCleney Amy Brooke , Supak Kevin Robert
Published: August 2021

Planar laser induced fluorescence (PLIF) is a measurement technique that can be used to provide a laboratory reference for validating the performance of field instrumentation that either directly measures mixture density or infers it from a combination of ancillary techniques. PLIF density measurements offer high-speed response and the ability to resolve minute flow features in transient flow patterns. Fundamentally, PLIF can also be used to verify multiphase flow models and predictive tools that are used for designing production piping. The use of PLIF to determine an instantaneous mixture density of two-phase flows has been successfully accomplished in previous fundamental laboratory studies found in literature. However, the use of this technique to determine the mixture density of three-phase flows for field-related scenarios has not been previously evaluated. To assess PLIF as a potential reference measurement system, a testing effort was undertaken to measure the instantaneous mixture density from a comingled oil-gas, water-oil, and oil-water-gas flow that was subjected to slug, churn, and bubble transient flow conditions inside of vertical piping. The objective of this work was to compare and validate the results obtained using the PLIF measurement approach against a commercially available gamma densitometer and tomography system for a variety of flowing conditions. The PLIF technique was able to resolve transient flow features and density values for both two-phase and three-phase flows through the piping. Distinct slug flow features such as the slug head, gas pocket, pocket collapse, and the tail were captured by PLIF and were observable in the raw image sequence captured by a high-speed camera. Additionally, the results for a variety of water-oil-gas flowing conditions were within 3% difference of a mixture density model that was calculated from liquid and gas flow measurements utilized in the test facility. The comparison of the PLIF results to the reference instrumentation indicates that this technique is successful at obtaining a mixture density for steady and transient oil, water, and gas comingled flows.
An in-vitro Comparative Evaluation of Quantitative Release of Transforming Growth Factor β-1 from Dentin upon the Action of Endodontic Irrigants, Medicaments, Ultrasonic Activation, and Low-Level Laser Irradiation
Authors: Akhila Anilkumar , Prabath Singh V. P. , Varma Kerala R. , Vasudevan Senthil V. , Sukhithasri V. , Sasikumar Salu
Published: August 2021

Aim:

The aim of this article is to evaluate the amount of transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF β-1) released from dentin upon the action of various endodontic irrigants, medicaments, ultrasonic activation, and low-level laser irradiation.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

To assess the effect of endodontic irrigants and medicaments on TGF β-1 release, 200 dentin disks of 1 µm thickness prepared from human mandibular premolars were divided into five groups of 40 each. The specimens in the test groups were treated with four reagents: Group A: (2% chlorhexidine gluconate); Group B: (2.5% sodium hypochlorite); Group C: [calcium hydroxide powder (Ca(OH)2)]; Group D: [triple antibiotic paste (TAP) (minocycline 100 mg + ciprofloxacin 200 mg + metronidazole 500 mg)]; and one control reagent group, i.e., Group E: (normal saline). Dentin disks were subsequently treated with 10% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). To assess the effect of ultrasonic activation and low-level laser irradiation on TGF β-1 release, 90 dentin disks of 1 mm thickness obtained from mandibular premolar roots were divided into 6 groups of 15 disks each: Group 1: (10% EDTA +ultrasonic activation), Group 2: [10% citric acid (CA) + ultrasonic activation], Group 3: (10% EDTA + low-level laser), Group 4: (10% CA+ low-level laser), and two control groups, i.e., Group 5 (10% EDTA) and Group 6 (10% CA). Three subgroups were formed among main groups indicating the region from where the specimens were prepared, namely, coronal, middle, and apical thirds. The irrigation solutions from all the above groups were collected, frozen in liquid nitrogen, and stored at −80°C and later thawed and subjected to growth factor quantification by using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test system for TGF β-1.

RESULTS:

Root canal irrigant 2% chlorhexidine gluconate and intracanal medicament calcium hydroxide both showed an inducing effect on TGF β-1 release, giving a maximum value of 0.741 ng/mL. The least value of 0.0823 ng/mL was given by 2.5% sodium hypochlorite, showing its negative impact on growth factor release. TAP showed a neutral effect similar to that of the control group (normal saline), giving a value of 0.247 ng/mL. Ultrasonic activation and low-level laser irradiation of EDTA and CA have both improved TGF β-1 release from dentin.

CONCLUSION:

Chlorhexidine gluconate and calcium hydroxide exerted a positive influence on TGF β-1 release from dentin, whereas sodium hypochlorite retarded its release and TAP gave a neutral impact similar to normal saline. Ultrasonic activation and low-level laser irradiation can enhance TGF β-1 expression. There is no significant difference in the growth factor release among the different regions of root dentin.
Marfan’s Syndrome with Tetralogy of Fallot in an Adult Female with Bronchiectasis
Authors: Singla Puneet , Agrawal Anand , Kharb Sunaina , Singh Kamaljeet
Published: August 2021

Marfan’s syndrome is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder related to a mutation in fibrillin gene type 1 involving mainly the cardiovascular, ocular, skeletal, and pulmonary systems. A 22-year-old female patient presented with cough, blood-stained sputum, and fever for 4 months. The patient was tall and on skeletal examination, high arched palate, arm-span longer than height, positive finger thumb sign, arachnodactyly, asymmetrical chest, and skin striae were present. Family history of Marfan’s syndrome was present. Echocardiography showed large ventricular septal defect with aortic override and severe pulmonary stenosis. CECT thorax showed bronchiectasis changes. Marfan’s syndrome with cardiovascular abnormalities usually has aortic dilatation, aortic regurgitation, aortic aneurysm, mitral valve prolapse, mitral regurgitation, etc. In this case, the patient has Marfan’s syndrome with tetralogy of Fallot (TPF) and bronchiectasis. The association of TOF with Marfan’s syndrome is one of the rarest findings.
Management of Anticipated Difficult Airway in a Case of Neurofibromatosis during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Bajaj Jhanvi S , Shetty Anita N , Devalkar Priti
Published: August 2021

Neurofibromata with a potential to affect the airway occur mostly in the head, neck, face and larynx, posing a risk to the airway and making intubation difficult. Management of an anticipated difficult airway needs special precautions and airway protection strategies during the COVID-19 pandemic. A 50-year-old woman was scheduled for excision of cervical neurofibroma measuring 6.6 cm × 7.2 cm on the right side of nape of neck, resulting in limited neck extension. We decided to intubate this patient under anaesthesia as against an awake fibreoptic intubation for three reasons. Our patient was not willing for awake intubation, we wanted to prevent aerosolisation during intubation and computerised tomography of the chest showed signs of postinfective sequelae probably suggestive of a lower respiratory tract infection. All precautions to protect the airway operator from aerosol exposure were followed such as using an aerosol box and a videolaryngoscope. Our case highlights the importance of collaborative decision-making, careful preparation and thorough management of anticipated difficult airway in neurosurgery patients during the COVID pandemic.
Airway Manoeuvres during Anaesthetic Management of Adult Acquired Tracheo-Oesophageal Fistula
Authors: Adate Kavita Udaykumar , Kale Jyoti , Dongare Dhanashree , Patil Kalyani , Yalgudkar Hrishikesh
Published: August 2021

Regardless of aetiology, acquired tracheo-oesophageal fistula (TEF) is a life-threatening condition due to the risk of pulmonary soiling and sepsis. Distorted airway anatomy below the glottis makes airway management challenging. We present the anaesthetic management for TEF repair in an adult male who developed fistula following organophosphorus poisoning. Maintaining optimum position of the endotracheal tube (ETT) during cross-field ventilation and ETT repositioning is crucial. For better understanding of the anaesthetic management for this relatively rare surgery, we have described airway management sequentially to coincide with different phases of surgical interventions.
Emergency Airway Management of a Patient with Rosai-Dorfman Disease
Authors: Mohanty Chitta Ranjan , Sahoo Sangeeta , Ghoshal Premangshu , Shaikh Zaid , Behera Kishore Kumar
Published: August 2021

Rosai-Dorfman disease is a rare histiocytic disorder that involves the over-production of non-Langerhans sinus histiocytes. It presents with cervical lymphadenopathy and huge neck swelling that could prove to be a challenging airway and a nightmare for anaesthesiologists. We discuss the airway management of a patient with Rosai-Dorfman disease requiring an emergency tracheostomy as a life-saving measure.
Quantifying Face-to-Face Communication among Multidisciplinary Medical Professions in a Convalescent Rehabilitation Ward by using a Name Tag-Type Information Communication Device
Authors: Li Zhiguang , Izumi Shin-Ichi , Sato Asuka
Published: August 2021

Context:

Although quantitative analyses of human behavior data collected through wearable sensors have uncovered principles of complex human behaviors and organization performances, quantitative assessment has not been conducted on communication among the medical team, despite its importance.

Aims:

The aim of the study is to quantify face-to-face communication in a multiprofessional medical team using a sociophysical method and wearable sensors.

Settings and Design:

The study was conducted at a rehabilitation ward in Japan; this was a pilot study.

Subjects and Methods:

The amount of time spent on face-to-face communication among 36 multidisciplinary medical professional in a rehabilitation ward was recorded using name tag-type sensors for 2 weeks. The average communication time per week for each pair of participants was calculated; the network diagrams were drawn by using Cytoscape software. The unpaired t-test and Welch's F-test used together with the Games–Howell post hoc test were performed to compare the communication times between two groups and among three groups, respectively.

Results:

The following three groups emerged: ward staff (nurses and care workers), rehabilitation therapists, and physicians/medical social workers. The communication time between physicians and ward staff (mean, 8.0 min/week) did not differ from that between the physicians and rehabilitation therapists (5.5). The communication time was longer among rehabilitation therapists (61.7) than among the ward staff (45.7), both of which were longer than that between the ward staff and rehabilitation therapists (4.8).

Conclusions:

Quantitative measurement of face-to-face communication time using wearable sensors characterized the staff behavior in a multiprofessional medical practice in a rehabilitation ward, which may affect medical team performance, such as patient outcomes.
Nasopharyngeal versus nasal swabs for detection of SARS-CoV-2: a systematic review
Authors: Gadenstaetter A.J. , Mayer C.D. , Landegger L.D.
Published: August 2021

Nasopharyngeal swabbing (NPS) coupled with RT-PCR is the current gold standard for detecting SARS-CoV-2 infections. However, numerous studies have recently demonstrated the advantages of alternative nasal specimen collection approaches over NPS specifically for COVID-19 diagnosis. The present review was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines and summarises the current literature to give a clear overview of nasal specimen collection methods for SARS-CoV-2 detection. Publications investigating NPS and at least one other form of nasal specimen collection in combination with RT-PCR for viral detection in the context of COVID-19 were assessed. We identified 425 articles and ultimately included 18 studies in this systematic review. The suitable publications evaluated different forms of nasal specimen collection, with anterior nasal swabbing (ANS) and midturbinate swabbing (MTS) being the most frequently examined techniques. The analysed studies report sensitivity and specificity results (74.59-96.2% and 97.9-100.0%, respectively) similar to those achieved via NPS, especially in the early stages of disease or when paired with an oropharyngeal swab. Results from these studies suggest that ANS and MTS are suitable alternatives to NPS for COVID-19 testing. Due to their ease of collection, ANS and MTS collection techniques may facilitate broader testing strategies and allow for economization of medical staff.
A Passport for a New Era of Learning
Authors: Landry Jessica B. , Pitt Michael B. , St Clair Nicole E. , Langford Sheridan , Moskalewicz Risha L.
Published: August 2021

Over the last several years, there has been a surge of readily available curricular resources for global health (GH) educators that theoretically has enabled them to overcome the barrier of needing to create new content for their programs. Despite this increase in available resources, integrating GH education into the already busy schedule of residency is a common challenge to the growing number of GH track directors. In this perspectives piece, GH educators from multiple institutions will share a novel model for packaging, administering, and monitoring GH educational curricula. This model transposes traditional GH learning objectives into self-paced, longitudinal maps of opportunities suitable for the time-intensive demands of residency, with flexibility for individual learning preferences and built-in tracking mechanisms.
NADİR HASTALIKLARIN AİLELER ÜZERİNDEKİ PSİKO-SOSYAL, FİZİKSEL VE EKONOMİK ETKİLERİ
Authors: ASLANTÜRK Hüsnünur , DERİN Murat , ARSLAN Serdar
Published: August 2021

Nadir hastalıklar, nüfusun geneline oranla daha az sayıda insanda görülen (1/2000 ve daha az kişide) hastalıkları ifade
etmektedir. Nadir hastalıklar ciddi, kronik, ilerleyici ve yıpratıcı özelliklere sahip olmakla birlikte bir çok hastalık için tıbbi ve
bilimsel bilgi eksikliği mevcuttur, yeterli-uygun tedavi seçenekleri bulunmamaktadır. Tüm bu özellikleri taşıyan bir hastalığa
sahip olmanın hem hasta hem de ailesi üzerinde psiko-sosyal, fiziksel ve ekonomik etkileri bulunmaktadır.
Nadir hastalığa sahip bir bireyin ailesi olmak, hastalık sürecinin etkilerini doğrudan ve dolaylı olarak yaşamak anlamına
gelmektedir. Fiziksel olarak aileler hastalığın tanı ve tedavi sürecinde kilo kaybı, iştahsızlık, yorgunluk, uyku problemleri gibi
bir çok fiziksel etkiyi yaşamaktadırlar. Psikolojik olarak aile içinde teşhis süreci çok uzun, tedavi olanakları kısıtlı ya da olmayan
nadir bir hastalığın bulunması, aile üyeleri için depresyon, kaygı, korku, kızgınlık, şüphe, belirsizlik gibi bir çok sonuca yol
açmaktadır. Sosyal açıdan arkadaş sayılarının azalmasına, sosyal destek mekanizmalarının zayıflamasına ve sosyal olarak
toplumdan izole hissetmelerine neden olmaktadır. Ailelerin yaşadığı en görünür etkilerden olan ekonomik etkiler konusunda
ise aileler, teşhis ve tedavi imkanlarına erişim güçlüğü, işgücü kaybı gibi kendilerini ekonomik olarak baskılayacak bir çok farklı
etkiye maruz kalmaktadırlar. Bu çalışmanın amacı, nadir bir hastalığa sahip olmanın aile üzerindeki psiko-sosyal, fiziksel ve
ekonomik etkilerini tartışmaktır.
Sistem Pakar Mendiagnosa Stadium Dari Kanker Usus Besar Dengan Metode Certainty Factor
Authors: Putri Ega Evinda , Rahman M. Arif
Published: August 2021

Sistem Pakar merupakan sistem yang berusaha mengadopsi pengetahuan manusia ke komputer. Sistem pakar dapat digunakan dalam dunia kesehatan dan sebagai media informasi bagi masyarakat terutama penderita penyakit untuk mengetahui Stadium dari kanker usus besar yang diderita sebagai diagnosa awal, juga sebagai alat bantu bagi dokter untuk dapat mengambil keputusan secara cepat dan lebih akurat. Kolorektal merupakan suatu tumor ganas terbanyak diantara tumor lainya yang menyerang saluran pencernaan, Kanker usus besar bisa berkembang secara diam-diam, seperti anemia akibat kurang darah atau bahkan non spesifik, seperti berkurangnya berat badan. Biasanya ada perubahan kebiasaan dalam buang air; baik diare, sembelit atau perubahan konsistensi tinja. Pertumbuhan tumor pada dinding sebelah kiri bawah khususnya pada rektum bisa menyebabkan adanya perasaan buang air yang tidak tuntas disebut tenesmus. Perubahan bentuk atau warna tinja khususnya jika berwarna merah cerah atau merah gelap dapat juga menjadi indikasi adanya pendarahan yang disebabkan kanker usus besar. Oleh karena itu dibangun suatu sistem pakar yang dapat membantu menyelesaikan masalah dengan menggunakan metode sistem pakar certainty factor.
DESIGN OF INVENTORY SYSTEM AT POGO STORE BUKITTINGGI USING JAVA’S PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE AND MYSQL DATABASE
Authors: Bania Randika Farike
Published: August 2021

Pogo Store selalu melakukan pengawasan dan pencatatan terhadap persediaan barang secara manual, yaitu karyawan toko atau pimpinan Pogo Store menghubungi karyawan gudang untuk mengecek dan mendata barang. Tetapi dengan banyaknya permintaan, membuat pihak Pogo Store kewalahan dan terkadang terjadi kesalahan dalam jumlah persediaan barang yang tersedia. Pemanfaatan komputerisasi dapat membantu pihak Pogo Store untuk pengembangan sistem informasi tentang pengolahan data persediaan barang sehingga pihak Pogo Store dapat mengontrol banyaknya permintaan dari calon pembeli, mengetahui berapa stok atau persediaan yang ada, dan berapa banyak barang yang harus dijual kepada calon pembeli. Berdasarkan uraian tersebut, diharapkan dapat memudahkan toko dalam menangani persediaan barang.
Multicriteria Based Recommender System for Enhancing Customer Centric Business
Authors: M Nivetha , Meenakowshalya A.
Published: August 2021

A multi-criteria-based recommender system makes precise decisions by probing customers multiple criteria’s on-hand and gives recommendations by modelling a user’s utility for the alternatives along several criteria. This paper collects user preferences of criteria over alternatives in the form of linguistic variables. Alternatives includes 6 policies namely term plan, endowment plan, child plan, life insurance plan, criteria include income tax benefit, sum assured, benefits on death and riders option. To rank such alternatives, fuzzy vikor expanded form of MCDM (MCDM) technique is used. MCDM ranks policies based on expand S (S) and expand R (R) value. Sensitivity analysis is used to determine the stability in the alternatives ranking, with the varying parameter value V. The proposed approach is compared with fuzzy topsis approach which ranks alternatives based on closeness coefficient value obtained. After ordering the alternatives using the MCDM techniques, it is inferred that, Both the approach almost provides the closest ranking order. The proposed fuzzy vikor provides best and optimal solution preserving the consistency compared to fuzzy topsis.
A Study on Mass Irregularity Limits of RC Structures for Various Seismic Zones of India
Authors: Fayeemuddin Mahammad , Vimala A.
Published: August 2021

The performance of any structure under lateral loads depends on its structural configuration. Most of the codes worldwide mentioned the provisions for the lateral load analysis for regular structures. Structures may be irregular in practice due to uneven distributions in mass, stiffness and strength. In India, most common type of multi-storied apartments constructed varies from 5 to 15 storeys and many apartments are constructed with penthouse which creates mass irregularity in the structures. The present study investigates the performance of mass irregular structures which are created by providing penthouse and also modeled as a stepped setback structure. Total four structures, 5, 7, 11 and 16 storied with an aspect ratio (height to width of the structure) of 0.64, 0.88, 1.36 and 1.96 are considered. For each structure response spectrum analysis is carried and the response parameters like storey displacements, storey drift and base shear variation in 4 seismic zones of India is studied. The main focus of the investigation is to understand the acceptance of mass irregularity with respect to the aspect ratio of the structure. The acceptance limit of the mass irregularity is also investigated as per 4 seismic zones of India. The results are compared with Indian standard code limits and concluded the acceptance limit as per seismic zones of India.
VALUING APPLES: FROM THE MYSTIC APPLE TO THE DIGITAL APPLES OF THE 21st CENTURY
Authors: Pembecioğlu Nilüfer , Çomak Nebahat Akgün
Published: August 2021

Apple is one of the first pieces of food mentioned in the earliest stories and books of mankind and different values were attributed to apple throughout the whole history. Various societies contributed to the appreciation of it placing it in their lullabies or fairy tales as well as in their daily communication and diet. Even if it seems to be so common, humble, and accessible, the lack of it is also interpreted in different ways. Yet, nowadays, it became one of the main foods of the 21st century as well. Following a quantitative and descriptive methodology and analyzing the values attributed to Apple, this paper provides a glimpse of its history and aims to analyze the ‘Apple’ case in Turkey regarding it not only as a ‘mystic’ product affecting the whole humanity but also as an agricultural product to be paid attention with the new trends in food processing in its developing aspects. Whereas the agricultural people spend more time and energy in producing better crops all around the world, the apple case in Turkey puts a shade on modernity placing apple growers away from sustainability, innovation, and productivity. Dwelling on the media coverage of the past few years regarding the apple as a content, the paper aims to introduce the main value of the apple as a product of agriculture and handles the problem of what to do in the case of apple production in its modern sense. Field research is enriched as to provide qualitative reports based on the focus group discussions and interviews with the apple producers and decision-makers as to put forward how apple is priced or degraded. In conclusion, it provides a needs analysis format, a systematic approach to the problem as a process of identifying and evaluating the apple case. As the results put forward, growing apples require valuing them. It also requires better-established facts, better-trained people, and concentrating more on the specific needs of employees, customers, suppliers, etc. These needs are often referred to as “gaps,” or the difference between what is currently done and what should be performed. So, re-valuing apples requires to bridge the gap between the mystic apples and the digital apples of the 21st century. Today’s farmers, should become a part of the network, enrich their cultivation methodology and innovation capacities as to reach to precision agriculture substructure and techniques to be able to become a part of the smart agriculture. Otherwise, they keep on just swallowing the mud of the field or consuming the fake news instead of reality.

JEL: O13; Q10; Q12; Q13; Q15

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DIGITAL CURRENCIES AND THEIR POTENTIAL TO DISRUPT AND REPLACE FIAT MONEY: THE CASE OF BITCOINS
Authors: Wachira Virginia Kirigo , Wachira Esther Wanjiru
Published: August 2021

This paper aims to investigate how digital currencies have caused a drastic evolution, especially in the payment sector. It aims to further studies on how bitcoin is the most conspicuous digital currency and is perceived as disruptive innovation with the potential of replacing fiat currency. The study was employed through a case study to examine whether bitcoins are disruptive innovation or a threat to the Central Banks and Fiat money. The study adopted a mixed approach research design by using qualitative and quantitative research approaches. The literature reviewed journals were published in credible journals in various databases. The Time series analysis approach was used to forecast the future prices of bitcoins. The study used an in-sample and out-of-sample time series forecasting using the Gretl software. The ARIMA (1,2,1) Model was found to be a good fit with 85% accuracy (the Mean Absolute Percentage Error -MAPE was 15%) to forecast the future of bitcoin prices. The outcome of the forecast suggested that bitcoin price will have a gradual but insignificant increase. The results of this study also suggest that bitcoins fail to fulfill the functions of money as a store of value, medium of exchange, and unit of account. This is attributed to high price volatility, lack of centralization, and exposure to hackers and fraudsters. The study further suggests that bitcoins are not disruptive innovations and do not pose any threat to the Central banks and the Fiat currency in the future. The results support that bitcoin can benefit the community as well as attracting investors as a speculative investment mainly because the bitcoins are limited in transactions. The study recommends more research on the potential impact of the Central bank's digital currencies on National and Global currencies particularly because China launched its digital Yuan recently.

JEL: G21; E58; E51; 031; C10

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EFFECTS OF POLITICAL RISK FACTORS ON TAX REVENUE IN KENYA
Authors: Mueni Manyanza Rhodah , Wawire Nelson H. , Onono Perez A.
Published: August 2021

A broad range of tax reforms have been implemented in Kenya in the post-independence period with the objective of increasing tax revenue for promoting economic growth with reduced reliance on external funding. Most of the reforms have targeted broadening of the tax base. However, tax collections remain inadequate, and deficits have persisted. Past studies on tax revenue growth have looked at effects of foreign sector, stage of development, demographic factors and sectoral mix on tax revenue. The models used in those studies did not factor in political risk factors including democratic accountability, bureaucracy quality and internal conflict. Such factors can have significant direct or indirect influence on tax revenue. This study estimated tax revenue models with these factors captured using data for the period 1984 to 2016. The findings show that increase in bureaucracy quality and democratic accountability lead to increase in tax revenue. Efficiency of institutions is shown to enhance tax collections during periods of social strife suggesting the presence of displacement and inspection effect. Internal conflicts are shown to cause declines in tax revenues. The government of Kenya and its revenue authority should therefore strengthen the quality and efficiency of institutions and effective control measures on acts of civil war, terrorism and civil disorder alongside the tax reforms to increase tax revenues.

JEL: H20; H21; H25

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A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE ENGLISH VERSIONS OF LI HE’S POEM “THE SONG OF THE YANMEN GATE” ON COGNITIVE CONSTRUAL
Authors: Zhenxiao Pan
Published: August 2021

Cognitive linguistics is based on the philosophy of experience, that is, human’s cognitive activities are based on their own experience. Translation is a cognitive activity as well in which different translators are influenced by the four dimensions: scope and ground, perspective, prominence and specificity. Due to the four factors different understanding of the same scene will occur in the process of translation, resulting in diverse versions. This article attempts to study the dissimilarity in the English translation of “The Song of the Yanmen Gate” from the perspective of cognitive linguistics, in order to provide a new cognitive basis for interpretation of the differences among various English translation of poems.

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THE NEW YORK TIMES AND CHINA DAILY ONLINE – LINGUISTIC COMPLEXITY IN NEWS HEADLINES
Authors: Wan Shujun
Published: August 2021

News headlines play an important role in attracting readers’ attention. By comparing 200 online news headlines collected from the New York Times and China Daily online, this paper aims at finding out the difference in linguistic complexity of English online news headlines in a native English speaking country and a non native English speaking country.

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A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF PERCY BYSSHE SHELLEY AND FAIZ AHMED FAIZ
Authors: Hussain Aleena , Rubab Ali , Khalil Amna
Published: August 2021

Pakistani poets like Faiz or Habib Jalib have engraved their indistinguishable mark upon the sphere of renowned poets like Keats, Shelley and Wordsworth world. This study was undertaken to discern the similarities and differences between Faiz Ahmed Faiz and Percy Bysshe Shelley under the theoretical framework of the conflict theory proposed by Karl Marx. For this purpose, both poets' singular poems were selected: Mujh se pehli si muhabbat mere mehboob na maang and England in 1819. The textual analysis results of both poems conclude that although both poets are similar in their revolutionary and reformative ideas, their manner of expression differs. This study is limited in the sense that only singular poems were selected and dissected and this research is open for further research.

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POLITICS AND POWER IN MALTESE PROVERBS AND IDIOMS / IL-POLITIKA U L-POTER FIL-PROVERBJI U L-IDJOMI MALTIN
Authors: Vassallo Mario Thomas
Published: August 2021

Given its centuries-old origins and the inimitable mix of Semitic and Latinized vocabulary, the Maltese language benefits from a massive repertoire of proverbs and idioms that interpret life realities from the perspective of the common folks. The scope of this paper is to decipher a number of Maltese proverbs and idioms that encompass elements of political power and control. Each selected expression is probed in terms of political theory and contextualized from a sociological and anthropological standpoint. Such an analysis provides a cornucopia of diachronic and synchronic insights on how the Maltese perceive power and manipulation, judge the elites and the privileged, assess the art of politics and treat patronage and clientelism. “The wit of one and the wisdom of many” has organically led them to affirm their conviction that power manipulation, greed and elite collegiality, distortion of political virtues and exploitation of power games to the leverage of both the disadvantaged and the privileged are universal realities. In other words, these phenomena involving power and politics exist independently of the locals’ perceptions or interpretations.

Bħala lingwa millenarja b’influwenzi mill-ilsna semitiċi u Latini, il-Malti għandu repertorju għani ta’ proverbji u idjomi li jinterpretaw ir-realtajiet tal-ħajja minn għajnejn il-popolin. L-iskop ta’ din ir-riċerka huwa li janalizza għadd minn dawn il-proverbji u idjomi li jinkorporaw aspetti marbutin mal-politika, il-poter u l-kontroll tal-massa mill-elit. Kull proverbju magħżul huwa diskuss fil-qafas tat-teorija politika u kuntestwalizzat mil-lat soċjoloġiku u antropoloġiku. Din l-analiżi ssawwar riflessjonijiet dijakroniċi u sinkroniċi ta’ kif il-Maltin jaħsbuha dwar il-poter u l-manipulazzjoni tal-massa, kif jiġġudikaw l-elit u l-klassi pprivileġġjata, kif jassessjaw l-arti politika u kif jitrattaw il-patrunaġġ u l-klijentaliżmu.

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THE ROLE OF THE MEDIA IN PROPAGATING PEACE
Authors: Zaid Mutahar Ahmed Ali Ahmed , Rajpalsingh S. Chikhalikar
Published: August 2021

The media can be a major obstacle to peace, and a tool to help achieve peace. This paper aims to highlight the role of media in propagating Peace. It discusses different approaches and thoughts which can help in spreading peace to solve the problems and conflicts that currently happen in the world. This paper focuses on the importance of media and its positive and negative potential in relation to conflict. This paper focuses on the significance of the media and its positive capabilities in relation to conflict and violence and limiting their spread in society. It also highlights the role of the media in reducing crimes and defaming perpetrators of crime in full view in all media to reduce the commission of crimes against humanity and their rights.

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BAD WORDS IN THE GOOD PLACE: ANALYZING THE EUPHEMISTIC FUNCTION OF WORDPLAYS IN SUBTITLING AND DUBBING – A CASE OF ENGLISH AND PORTUGUESE LANGUAGE PAIR
Authors: Brezolin Adauri , Da Silva Medeiros Fernanda
Published: August 2021

In this paper, we examine the translation of euphemistic wordplays used in The Good Place, an American fantasy comedy television series. Twenty-eight wordplays, resulting from censored curse words, were collected from the Netflix platform, and compared with their counterparts in Brazilian Portuguese, to verify whether the adopted linguistic mechanisms preserved their pragmatic effect, and whether they were consistently transferred into the target language in the dubbed and subtitled versions of the series. Our study basically drew on the ideas by Delabastita (1996); Gotlieb (1997); Tagnin (2005); Diaz Cintas (2010); Dias Cintas & Orero (2010); Remael (2010); Darta (2020), and Brezolin (2020a). Our results demonstrate that, out of the 28 occurrences, 25 wordplays in the dubbed version and 10 in the subtitled version were successfully transferred into the target language, that is, they were adapted to the local setting, and then, preserved their humorous effect; and 3 in the dubbed version and 18 in the subtitled version were replaced by non-wordplays, or omitted. The successful results in the target language were not so consistent as the original excerpts in terms of lexical choices, and the dubbed version demonstrated to be more consistent once most of the wordplays were translated, and more suitable lexical items were selected to generate them.

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RETHINKING SINO-FRENCH DIASPORA FROM CROSS-CULTURAL POINT OF VIEW
Authors: Chang Wen-Hui
Published: August 2021

The paper aims to re-think the similar and contrasted parts of contemporary Sino-French diaspora through the extended perspective of Chinese self-image from the methodology of comparative literature, by analyzing the Post-colonialism and Marginal Discourse to Diaspora Discourse. How these diaspora writers/artists both acknowledge and challenge the attachment/memory in a diaspora framework as their cross-cultural identities? How the identity intended to eliminate the concept of national borders? How the identity by describing the cross-cultural elements to carry out the dual identities of Sino/ French?

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THE HOUSE THAT IS NOT THERE: THE HOME FEELING IN JONATHAN RABAN’S LANGUAGE IN FOREIGN LAND
Authors: Machì Francesca
Published: August 2021

This work aims to analyse the novel of the journalist and novelist Jonathan Raban, Foreign Land, trying to highlight how, through the language used, the author manages to elaborate a personal, intimate and even dramatic vision of themes such as the relationship between man and the environment, the sense of uprooting and the love for the sea that are typical themes of travel literature within which this novel is enrolled. More specifically, the text, taken from a work of reading analysis and translation of the Rabanian work from English to Italian, aims to highlight the metaphorical dimension of the home feeling made particularly effective by the parallelism between the inner dimension of the characters and language used by the author.

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CONTACT LENS PRACTITIONER PRACTICES IN RELATION TO PATIENT COMPLIANCE AT LIONS SIGHT FIRST EYE HOSPITAL, KENYA
Authors: Nangena Sheilah , Barasa Mustafa
Published: August 2021

Background: Contact lens practitioners (CLPs) play a vital role in the fitting of contact lenses (CL) and thus have a great influence on patient compliance. Studies have often focused on investigating levels of compliance and thus limited knowledge of CLP practices. Thus, this study aimed to investigate CLP practices on CL wear and care. Methods: The study employed a cross-sectional research design. Purposive sampling technique was used to select consenting CLP’s working Lions Sight First Eye Hospital (LSFEH). A self-administered questionnaire, containing questions on current Practices, was used to collect information. Once ethical clearance from MMUST IERC, NACOSTI and permission LSFEH were obtained data collection process began. A total of fifteen (15) CLP participated in the study. Results: The mean age of the practitioners was 31± 3.87. Most (67%) of the CLPs had worked for between 5 to 10 years. A majority (73%) of the practitioners had bachelor’s degree. Most (87%) of them specialized in soft lenses. Majority of the CLP use of written appointment card, 53% of the CLP use of manufacturer guidelines and oral communication is the most used form of training patients as said by 60% of the CLP. Conclusion: CLPs at LSFEH had good wear and care practices on patient instruction. For successful CL wear, patients need to follow instructions given by CLPs on CL wear and care. It is, therefore, necessary for CLPs to practice according to the recommended guidelines to avoid patient non-compliance.

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TRUONG CHINH’S WORK NAMED AS “THE RESISTANCE WAR WILL WIN” – ITS CONTENT AND HISTORIC VALUES
Authors: Trang Do Thi Thuy , Thuy Nguyen Thi Thu
Published: August 2021

Truong Chinh was a theorist and General Secretary who contributes greatly to the history of Vietnam. During the course of revolutionary activities, he wrote numerous works, his most important work is known as “The resistance war will win”. This work is a deep evidence of the Party's resistance line, having a significant role in directing the entire Party and Vietnamese people to resolutely fight against our enemies by a unified way in order to bring the resistance to the complete victory. Therefore, within the scope of the article, the author focuses on analyzing the basic content of the work: from the ideology of identifying the nation’s enemies to devising a line of resistance against invading force, from which the great value of the work can be pointed out.

 

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KEY INFLUENCING FACTORS ON FLIGHT TICKET PURCHASE INTENTION AND PURCHASE DECISION: A COMPARISON STUDY OF MALAYSIA VS. TAIWAN
Authors: Law Kah Chun , Tan Wei Han , Falahat Mohammad
Published: August 2021

This study aims to study the factors that affect purchase intention and purchase decision of flight ticket buyers in Malaysia and Taiwan. We examined perceived value, service quality, purchase intention, price, and customer satisfaction that influence on the budget airline ticket purchase intention and purchase decision. Structural equation modeling was used to analyse the data from a total of 635 respondents in Malaysia and Taiwan. The findings indicate that, in the case of acquiring budget airline ticket in Malaysia, service quality, perceived value and price, are more appealing, while only perceived value was preferred by Taiwanese. This study’s result will give an insight into industries related to air transportation services theoretically and practically on how to attract and retain customers of different nationalities to purchase flight tickets. This will allow airline companies, tourism agencies and ticket resellers to perform better marketing activities to attract Malaysian and Taiwanese travellers to purchase their flight tickets.

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PRODUCTIVITY AND PROFITABILITY OF RICE PRODUCERS OF KIRIMBI MARSHLAND IN NYAMASHEKE DISTRICT, RWANDA: A GENDER WISE ANALYSIS
Authors: Ruvuna Eric , Tubanambazi Mweruli Fidele
Published: August 2021

The topic of gender in agriculture sector has had an increasing interest for many researchers. Authors of this paper assess the productivity and profitability levels of rice producers of Kirimbi marchland in Nyamasheke district using an indicative gender approach. To achieve the objective, data were collected from 333 farmers whereas 198 were male farmers while 135 were female farmers using an interview schedule. This study employs a mixed approach of research viz qualitative and quantitative to analyze the study. Descriptive statistics method was used to describe the data with continuous variables while inferential statistics method was used to ascertain whether there is difference significant between productivity levels of male and female farmers, profitability levels of male and female farmers and benefit cost ratio levels of male and female farmers in Kirimbi marshland. Findings of the study revealed that land productivity for female farmers is high compared to that of males though there is a meager difference between productivity levels. With regards to benefit cost ratio, it is high for male farmers than that of female farmers. It was also found that rice farm business for female farmers was not profitable as the BCR equals to 0.45 therefore female farmers were advised to revisit their expenditures patterns because it was observed that the higher amount of variable costs led to the rice business to be a non-profitable business. For both categories, the average cost of field protection was the highest among others. It is also seen through the differences in total costs where the total cost for males was found to be 609,841Rwf and 979,073Rwf for females which indicates that females spent more money on various agricultural practices and inputs than male. This might lead to loss and affected negatively the BCR of female farmers found to be less than one.

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PERCEPTIONS OF TEACHERS AND LEARNERS ON THE IMPACT OF COVID-19 PANDEMIC LOCKDOWN ON RURAL SECONDARY SCHOOL FEMALE LEARNERS IN MATOBO DISTRICT, ZIMBABWE
Authors: Sibanda Lwazi , Mathwasa Joyce
Published: August 2021

The purpose of the study was to examine the perceptions of teachers and learners on the impact of COVID-19 pandemic lockdown on rural secondary school female learners in Matobo District. The study was qualitative in nature, entrenched on interpretivist paradigm and adopted a case study design. Data was collected using open-ended questionnaire and online focus group discussions from six teachers and eighteen learners who formed three focus group discussions. The participants were purposively sampled from three schools. The study found that a few teachers were able to conduct online lessons using WhatsApp platform during COVID-19 pandemic lockdown in the selected schools though there was no consistence as teaching was not programmed and participation of female learners was low. The findings revealed that most of the parents could not afford to provide online learning resources for their children because of economic hardships. The study further established that rural female learners were at risk during COVID-19 pandemic lockdown as some of them were exposed to sexual abuse when they try to have access to smartphones and data bundles from some male adults. It was found that female learners have lost much of their learning time whilst on lockdown and many cases of pregnancy have emerged leading to dropping out of school. The study concluded that most of the rural secondary school female learners were excluded from education during lockdown due to poverty, unavailability of network or poor network coverage, lack of broadcast transmission services to enable them to access online lessons through the radio, lack of electricity, poor attendance due to lack of smartphones and data bundles, performance of all household chores including herding of cattle and lack of cooperation from some parents. The study recommended that the Ministry of Primary and Secondary Education should collaborate with stakeholders to provide necessary resources to enable all learners to access online learning despite geographical location.

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A DEMOGRAPHIC PERSPECTIVE ON UNIVERSITY LECTURERS’ USE OF INFORMATION COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES IN TEACHING
Authors: Mavezera Tinashe F.
Published: August 2021

The study sought to establish the use of information technology in literacy instruction by university lecturers. The focus was on the main demographic factors which significantly impact on the use of Information Communication Technologies (ICTs) in literacy instruction. The following variables were of interest: age, gender, highest qualification attained, work experience, tenure and employment status. The research was carried out at Great Zimbabwe University (GZU), a university in Masvingo Town, Zimbabwe. A descriptive survey was used as research design. Interviews and questionnaires were used as data collection instruments to eighty (80) lecturers from the Robert Mugabe School of Education and Culture based at GZU. The current study rides on the knowledge gap that previous studies had a tendency to look at primary and secondary school practitioners’ use of ICT and yet the problem could be at institutions of higher learning. The research looked at GZU’s perspective or policy to the use of ICT, teaching /learning outcomes for both students and lecturers, impediments to the use of technology and uses of technology by both lecturers and students. Quite significant therefore, is the fact that the research empowers all stakeholders to redirect their efforts to address the use of technology to enhance literacy instruction in institutions of higher learning. The results of the study revealed that there is less use of ICTs by lecturers in teaching and learning at the Robert Mugabe School of Education and Culture, Great Zimbabwe University. Variables such as age and gender were seen to affect the use of ICTs. Educational and academic qualifications and use of ICTs had an inverse relationship whereby an increase in one’s educational/academic qualifications showed a decrease in the use of ICTs. It is recommended that the university has to come up with a clear policy to guide lecturers on the use of ICTs in research, lecture preparation and presentation and assessment. Members of staff (Lecturers) were to frequently attend refresher workshops and seminars on the use of ICTs in education. It is also envisaged that personal computers and laptops are availed to teaching members’ offices and computer laboratories. This would result in effective teaching and research.

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NEW RURAL CONSTRUCTION IN HO CHI MINH CITY, VIETNAM
Authors: Anh Phung The
Published: August 2021

Ho Chi Minh City is Vietnam's the largest city with potentials, strengths on the development of industry, construction and service. The proportion of these sectors accounts for more than 99% of the city's GDP structure. Moreover, the city also has a large rural area with 05 suburban districts. In the past years, the city has also focused on strong investment to build and develop rural areas, contributing to changing the face of rural areas of the city; and simultaneously narrowing the gap between the urban and suburban areas. Since the day of national reunification up to now, Ho Chi Minh City has focused resources to invest in developing rural areas under the policy of new rural construction of the Communist Party of Vietnam, especially investment in building a synchronous and completed socio-economic infrastructure system, contributing to rural development, increasing incomes and improving people's lives.

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