bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The choice of oral hypoglycemic agents: the current view of the problem
Authors: Demidova T. Yu.
Published: March 2014

The advantages of combined therapy of diabetes mellitus (DM) with the use of fixed combinations, such as glybenclamide plus metformin are discussed. The principal ones are the lowered dose of each component without the loss of therapeutic efficacy, marked reduction in the frequency of adverse reactions affecting the gastrointestinal tract, minimal risk of hypoglycemic episodes, etc. The fixed combination of glybenclamide plus metformin makes it possible to prescribe flexible dosage regimes, enhanves compliance, ensures psychological comfort, and improves the quality of life.
Early lesion in the urinary system of a patient with DIDMOAD syndrome
Authors: Grishina D P , Zil'berman L I , Zakharova E Iu , Tsygankova P G , Volkov I É , Kuraeva T L
Published: March 2014

The authors present a case report of DIDMOAD syndrome in a girl accompanied by the early development of a severe lesion in the urinary system. The molecular-genetic analysis of the Wfs1 gene revealed thhec.1009A>C,p.T337P missense mutation in exon 8 in the homozygous state. The brother of the patient developed diabetes mellitus that for the first time manifested itself at the age of 6 years. The molecular-genetic study of the boy undertaken bearing in mind his genetically aggravated anamnesis revealed the analogous mutation; this finding maybe used to predict further development of the disease.
The comparative assessment of the effectiveness of immunoanalysis and tandem mass spectrometry applied for re-testing the children with suspected congenital adrenal cortical hyperplasia
Authors: Ionova T A , Kalinchenko N Iu , Tiul'pakov A N , Nizhnik A N
Published: March 2014

Congenital adrenal cortical hyperplasia (CAH) is one of the commonest endocrine pathologies in the children. Screening newborn infants for CAH is currently based on the measurement of 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP) levels in blood spots using the immunoenzymatic assay. However, this techniques is known to suffer relatively low specificity accounting for the high percentage of false-positive results. We compared two 17-OHP measurement tecniques, immunoenzymatic assay and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) employed for the additional examination of the children in whom screening for CAH revealed the enhanced blood 17-OHP levels. The study included 50 patients at the age from 7 days to 1.5 months born at different gestational ages. 17-OHP levels were measured in all of them using the immunoenzymatic assay and LC-MS/MS. The results of the study indicate that the latter technique should be regarded as the method of choice for the confirmation of diagnosis of CAH. The absence of clinical manifestations of 21-hydroxylase deficiency in the patients in whom the immunoenzymatic assay reveals the enhanced levels of 17-OHP whereas the LC-MS/MS method demonstrates the normal or only slightly elevated concentrations of 17-OHP allows to exclude diagnosis of CAH. The gestational age of the infant is the key factor in the choice of the upper threshold level of 17-OHP for the purpose of screening; the child's body weight is of low diagnostic value. The 17-OHP levels measured by LC-MS/MS in the boys may be slightly higher than the reference values compared with the girls.
Dynamics of the blood adiponectin levels during treatment of obesity in the adolescents: comparison of two therapeutic modalities
Authors: Peterkova V A , Vasiukova O V , Okorokov P L
Published: March 2014

The objective of the present study was to analyse dynamics of the serum adiponectin levels during treatment of obesity in the adolescents. A total of 34 patients at the age varying from 12 to 17 years presenting with "simple" constitutional exogenous obesity were available for observation. All of them had metabolic complications, such as impaired glucose tolerance, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and arterial hypertension. A course of motivational education for the change of lifestyle was provided to 15 patients and their parents in combination with healthy diets, physical activities, and orlistat intake (120 mg, one capsule thrice daily) during 6 months. The patients of the control group (n=19) were given non-medicamental therapy alone. The effectiveness of therapy was estimated before, 6 and 12 months after its initiation. The combined treatment of complicated obesity in the adolescents was shown to promote a decrease of the body weight by 0.04-0.08 SDS of MBI within one year after the onset of therapy. Simultaneously, the degree of dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and disturbances of carbohydrate metabolism was reduced whereas the serum adiponectin levels increased. The study failed to reveal advantages of orlistat treatment for the reduction of BMI. At the same time, the introduction of this medication into combined therapy of obesity in adolescents resulted in a clinically significant decrease of the frequency of dyslipidemia, largely due to lowering the total cholesterol and LDLP cholesterol levels. Orlistat therapy was well tolerated by the patients. Variations in the adiponectin level were in agreement with body weight dynamics and changes of insulin resistance. It is concluded that low serum adiponectin levels in association with the high frequency of complications may suggest high risk of progression of metabolic disturbances in obese adolescents towards adulthood.
Frequency analysis of annual one day to five consecutive days maximum rainfall for Gandak river basin
Authors: Singla Shivika , Halder Raktim , Khosa Rakesh , Singla Rumani , Rajeev Rudraksh
Published: March 2014

The present study has been conducted for rainfall intensity and frequency estimation for the Gandak basin, a region prone to high floods with an unrealized and unexplored hydro-potential. The two popular gridded precipitation datasets i.e.: (1) APHRODITE, and (2) IMD, for the years 1969-2005, has been used to calculate the mean basin precipitation through the Thiessen polygon method on the ARC-GIS interface. This computed data was used to find out the 1-day, 2-day to 5-day consecutive maximum precipitation series and hence fitted into various well-known probability distribution functions viz., Normal, Gamma, Exponential, etc. According to the best fit data in these functions, the quantiles were determined corresponding to a return period of 2, 10, 20, 25, 50 and 100 years. The two widely used tests: Chi-square Test and Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test were employed to further check the goodness of fit of the series in the distributions. The results reveal that the best fit for 1-day was achieved with the normal distribution, for 2-day with GEV and with GPAR for the remaining maximum consecutive days rainfall. Such studies have thus proven to be substantially facilitative in planning for the safe and economic design of various engineered structures such as bridges, culverts, levees, canals, irrigation and drainage works and effective reservoir management. Keywords: Floods, Frequency, Hydrology, Probability Distribution, Rainfall.
PI/backstepping control of snake robot optimazed by genetic algorithm
Authors: Jafari Maryam , Shahmansoorian Aref
Published: March 2014

This paper describes the design of robust control of PI/Backstepping for the snake robot to control the joints motion. First, the stability of the method is proved and, by applying this controller to the robot, its motion pattern is controlled in a way that it can move and follow by mimicking the motion of real snakes on the predefined trajectories. Then, the control parameters are optimized using the Genetic Algorithm (GA). Comparing obtained results with sliding mode revealed that, the former has significantly reduced the tracking error and control energy; in addition there is no chattering phenomenon. Keywords: Snake Robot, PI/Backstepping Control, Genetic Algorithm, Control Energy.
CARCINOEMBRYONIC ANTIGEN LEVELS IN THE PERIPHERAL AND MESENTERIC VENOUS BLOOD OF PATIENTS WITH RECTAL CARCINOMA
Authors: REZENDE JUNIOR Herminio Cabral de , PALMA Rogério Tadeu , TOLOI Giovanna Canato , MARTINEZ Carlos Augusto Real , WAISBERG Jaques
Published: March 2014

ContextThe serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is an important prognostic factor in colorectal cancer, however the rectum presents different routes of venous drainage, stating that the level of CEA in peripheral and mesenteric rectal tumors may be different, depending on the location of the tumor in the rectal segment.ObjectiveThe goal of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the peripheral and mesenteric venous levels of CEA and the association between these levels and the tumour location in the rectums of patients successfully operated on for rectal carcinoma.MethodsThirty-two patients who were surgically treated for rectal carcinoma were divided into patients with tumours located in the upper rectum (n = 11) or lower rectum (n = 21). The CEA values were assessed by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. Serum and mesenteric CEA levels were associated with the tumour anatomopathological characteristics: location, histological type, cellular differentiation grade, depth of invasion into the rectal wall, angiolymphatic invasion, tumour, node, and metastasis staging; and the CEA index (≤1.0 or ≥1.0 ng /mL).ResultsAnalysis of the serum CEA values using clinical and anatomopathological parameters revealed no significant association with tumour location, histological type, cellular differentiation grade, depth of invasion into the intestinal wall, and tumour, node, and metastasis staging. The mesenteric CEA levels were significantly associated with the tumour location (P = 0.01). The CEA values in the mesenteric venous blood and the presence of angiolymphatic invasion (P = 0.047) were significantly different. A significant relationship was found between the CEA index value and the rectal tumour location (P = 0.0001).ConclusionsThe CEA levels were higher in the mesenteric vein in tumours located in the upper rectum and in the presence of angiolymphatic invasion. CEA drainage from lower rectum adenocarcinomas preferentially occurs through the systemic pathway.
Programa Universidade Aberta do Brasil: aspectos relevantes na construção de uma metodologia para avaliar sua implementação
Authors: Pinto Junior Glenio do Couto , Nogueira Vera Maria Ribeiro
Published: March 2014

Este texto discute as possibilidades de avaliação para uma das mais significativas políticas públicas brasileiras, a política de Educação. Com ênfase na modalidade de ensino a distância, aborda questões envolvidas na construção de um modelo de avaliação para o processo de implantação do programa "Universidade Aberta do Brasil", buscando identificar as suas características e as dificuldades para o seu desenvolvimento. Apresenta um breve resgate do programa UAB relacionado à sua organização formal e aos seus objetivos centrais. Discute a exigência de processos avaliativos para as políticas públicas e conclui sugerindo alguns encaminhamentos para a construção de uma metodologia de avaliação para a UAB.
Existe relacao entre o tipo de piso da quadra de futsal e respostas adaptativas da musculatura em praticantes de futsal masculino?
Authors: Lefchak Fernando Juraski , Longen Willians Cassiano
Published: March 2014

INTRODUÇÃO: O futebol de salão (futsal) é atualmente o esporte com maior número de praticantes, tanto no Brasil como nos demais países sul-americanos e também na Europa. É derivado do futebol de campo, adaptado pela falta de espaço para se jogar. Pode ser praticado em três tipos distintos de pisos, rigorosamente nivelados, sem declives nem depressões, prevenindo escorregões e acidentes. A movimentação em quadra exige súbita aceleração e desaceleração com bruscas mudanças de direção, expondo as estruturas osteomioarticulares a grandes impactos, aumentando o risco de lesões, que podem dever-se a fatores intrínsecos ou extrínsecos, nos quais se consideram, entre outras coisas, as condições e o tipo do piso utilizado. OBJETIVO: O propósito deste estudo foi analisar as possíveis influências do tipo de piso utilizado no futsal e as respostas adaptativas musculares em praticantes de futsal masculino. MÉTODOS: A amostra foi composta por 10 praticantes de futsal, de 20 a 30 anos de idade. Através da eletromiografia de superfície, foi realizada a captação da atividade elétrica, por meio da raíz quadrada da média (root mean square - RMS) em µV e da força dos principais grupos musculares do membro inferior dominante em repouso depois de duas partidas de futsal, em dois tipos de pisos de quadras. RESULTADOS: Os achados deste estudo, que envolveu parâmetros biomecânicos utilizados, mostraram não haver diferença significativa entre a prática de futsal na quadra de madeira e na quadra sintética, com tendência de aumento da atividade elétrica da musculatura anterior na quadra com piso de madeira e depois com o piso sintético. CONCLUSÃO: É necessário que se façam maiores investigações acerca dos possíveis mecanismos osteomusculares adaptativos que possam desvendar as reações a diferentes tipos de pisos das quadras em esportes como o futsal.
Transformação de coordenadas com modelagem de distorções entre SAD69 e SIRGAS2000 com o uso de Thin-Plate Splines
Authors: Magna Júnior João Paulo , Camargo Paulo De Oliveira , Galo Maurício
Published: March 2014

Diversos países têm passado por processos de mudança na estrutura geodésica fundamental, convergindo na adoção de referenciais geodésicos geocêntricos. No Brasil, a adoção do SIRGAS2000 envolve a existência conjunta de duas realizações do sistema Córrego Alegre, duas realizações do sistema SAD69 e uma realização do sistema SIRGAS2000. Para o aproveitamento de produtos nos referenciais antigos são necessários métodos para transformação de coordenadas entre os referenciais existentes. Neste contexto, este artigo apresenta uma solução para a transformação de coordenadas entre referenciais, baseado em Thin-Plate Splines (TPS), que reúne características para a modelagem de dados provenientes de uma transformação linear, juntamente com distorções de natureza não linear. O modelo foi desenvolvido para trabalhar com coordenadas cartesianas tridimensionais, sendo apresentados neste artigo resultados com dados simulados bem como com dados do SGB (Sistema Geodésico Brasileiro). Em pontos de verificação em SAD69 (realização de 1996 - SAD69/96) foram obtidos valores de RMSE (Root Mean Square Error) de 78,2 mm em latitude e 67,5 mm em longitude após a transformação para SIRGAS2000. Na comparação entre o modelo TPS e o proporcionado pelo ProGriD os indicadores estatísticos foram reduzidos em 97% ao utilizar o modelo TPS, indicando que o uso deste modelo é promissor, possibilitando uma maior qualidade no processo de transformação de coordenadas e modelagem da distorção entre referenciais geodésicos.
The effect of gyrolite substituted with cadmium ions on the hydration kinetics of OPC at early stages
Authors: Baltakys Kestutis , Eisinas Anatolijus , Siauciunas Raimundas
Published: March 2014

This study examined the effect of gyrolite substituted with cadmium ions on the kinetics of the hydration of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) at early stages of hydration. Gyrolite was synthesised after 48 h at 200°C from a stoichiometric composition (calcium oxide/silica dioxide = 0·66) of calcium oxide and a hydrated silica mixture. Calcium silicate hydrate substituted with cadmium ions (97 mg cadmium ions/g) was added as a partial replacement of the OPC at levels of 0%, 2·5%, 5% and 7·5% by weight of the total cementitious material. Therefore, the water-to-cement ratio of all OPC samples was 0·5. It was found that the additive of a synthetic contaminated with cadmium ions (∼97 mg cadmium ions/g) retained very good adsorption properties for the alkaline and alkaline earth ions that penetrated into the gyrolite structure. It was estimated that this additive accelerates the early stage (5–7 h) of hydration of OPC and its individual compounds. It was found that during the main reaction of calcium silicate, the additive of gyrolite contaminated with cadmium ions had no influence on the apparent reaction rate (Wapp) of the hydration process (7–12 h): in all samples, the increase in the degree of hydration (∆α) was almost the same: ∆α = 15%.
Brighton Pier, UK – innovation in renovation
Authors: Winterbottom Nigel
Published: March 2014

Opened in 1899 Brighton Pier is today a major visitor attraction, drawing up to 5 million visitors per year. Planned inspections had identified on-going deterioration of a 1930s part of the piled pier head structure and the client had taken the decision to locally replace it. Issues presented included: lack of record drawings, listed building status, heritage value, a harsh marine environment, maintaining public use of the pier in general and specifically keeping the building over the area to be replaced fully open. This paper describes the challenges faced by the design team in developing innovative solutions leading to the successful construction and completion of the £2·6 million replacement structure.
Cyclic heating effects on thermal volume change of silt
Authors: Vega Alexander , McCartney John S.
Published: March 2014

This study focuses on the thermal volume change of compacted, saturated silt during temperature cycles. A temperature-regulated oedometer with backpressure control was used to measure the thermal consolidation of silt specimens under normally consolidated to heavily overconsolidated initial stress states. During initial heating, the silt specimens displayed thermal volume changes similar to those reported in the technical literature, with the normally consolidated specimen showing contraction and the heavily overconsolidated specimens showing expansion. The specimens all showed elastic contraction during cooling, as expected. However, subsequent heating and cooling cycles led to additional permanent volume change. This observation contradicts thermo-elasto-plastic theories, which predict plastic contraction only during initial heating of soils with low overconsolidation ratios and elastic volume changes during subsequent heating and cooling cycles. A source of error in the experiments was a softer response during heating due to differential radial expansion of the oedometer ring, followed by exaggerated axial expansion of the soil during cooling when the ring contracted. Nonetheless, the accumulation of permanent strain during cyclic heating and cooling indicates that the thermal yield surface history may not be locked in during the cooling process, implying that kinematic thermal hardening or thermal creep mechanisms should be explored.
Can Personality Account for Differences in Drinking between College Athletes and Non-Athletes? Explaining the Role of Sensation Seeking, Risk-Taking, and Impulsivity
Authors: Mastroleo Nadine R. , Scaglione Nichole , Mallett Kimberly A. , Turrisi Rob
Published: March 2014

Collegiate athletes are an at-risk population for high risk drinking and related consequences when compared to the general college student population. However, little is known about how aspects of an individual's personality contribute to this relationship, making intervention efforts challenging. The current study examined sensation seeking, risk-taking, and impulsivity as methods of explaining the relationship between athlete and non-athlete drinking behaviors. Findings suggested athletes drank significantly more than non-athletes and this relationship seemed to function through sensation seeking and risk-taking. The role these characteristics play as risk or protective factors for high risk drinking and implications for interventions prioritizing athletes are discussed.
Aberrant Brain Functional Connectivity Related to Insulin Resistance in Type 2 Diabetes: A Resting-State fMRI Study
Authors: Chen Yu-Chen , Jiao Yun , Cui Ying , Shang Song-An , Ding Jie , Feng Yuan , Song Wen , Ju Sheng-Hong , Teng Gao-Jun
Published: March 2014

OBJECTIVE

Type 2 diabetes is characterized by insulin resistance, which is involved in the development of Alzheimer disease. This study aims to investigate the relationship between abnormal resting-state brain functional connectivity and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

A total of 30 patients with type 2 diabetes and 31 healthy well-matched volunteers were prospectively examined. Resting-state brain functional connectivity analysis was used to examine the correlation between the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) and whole-brain regions. The possible relationships between functional connectivity measures and insulin resistance were evaluated using the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR).

RESULTS

Compared with healthy controls, we observed significantly decreased functional connectivity of the PCC within some selected regions, including the right middle temporal gyrus (MTG), left lingual gyrus, left middle occipital gyrus, and left precentral gyrus; increased functional connectivity of the PCC was detected in the left cerebellum posterior lobe, right superior frontal gyrus, and right middle frontal gyrus. A significant negative correlation was found between the PCC-right MTG connectivity and HOMA-IR in type 2 diabetic patients (P = 0.014; r = −0.446).

CONCLUSIONS

Type 2 diabetic patients develop aberrant functional connectivity of the PCC, which is associated with insulin resistance in selected brain regions. Resting-state connectivity disturbance of PCC–MTG may be a central role for evaluating the cognitive dysfunction in type 2 diabetes.
Living Well With Diabetes: 24-Month Outcomes From a Randomized Trial of Telephone-Delivered Weight Loss and Physical Activity Intervention to Improve Glycemic Control
Authors: Eakin Elizabeth G. , Winkler Elisabeth A. , Dunstan David W. , Healy Genevieve N. , Owen Neville , Marshall Alison M. , Graves Nicholas , Reeves Marina M.
Published: March 2014

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate the effectiveness of a telephone-delivered behavioral weight loss and physical activity intervention targeting Australian primary care patients with type 2 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Pragmatic randomized controlled trial of telephone counseling (n = 151) versus usual care (n = 151). Reported here are 18-month (end-of-intervention) and 24-month (maintenance) primary outcomes of weight, moderate-to-vigorous-intensity physical activity (MVPA; via accelerometer), and HbA1c level. Secondary outcomes include dietary energy intake and diet quality, waist circumference, lipid levels, and blood pressure. Data were analyzed via adjusted linear mixed models with multiple imputation of missing data.

RESULTS

Relative to usual-care participants, telephone counseling participants achieved modest, but significant, improvements in weight loss (relative rate [RR] −1.42% of baseline body weight [95% CI −2.54 to −0.30% of baseline body weight]), MVPA (RR 1.42 [95% CI 1.06–1.90]), diet quality (2.72 [95% CI 0.55–4.89]), and waist circumference (−1.84 cm [95% CI −3.16 to −0.51 cm]), but not in HbA1c level (RR 0.99 [95% CI 0.96–1.02]), or other cardio-metabolic markers. None of the outcomes showed a significant change/deterioration over the maintenance period. However, only the intervention effect for MVPA remained statistically significant at 24 months.

CONCLUSIONS

The modest improvements in weight loss and behavior change, but the lack of changes in cardio-metabolic markers, may limit the utility, scalability, and sustainability of such an approach.
Magnetic Resonance Neuroimaging Study of Brain Structural Differences in Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy
Authors: Selvarajah Dinesh , Wilkinson Iain D. , Maxwell Michael , Davies Jennifer , Sankar Adhithya , Boland Elaine , Gandhi Rajiv , Tracey Irene , Tesfaye Solomon
Published: March 2014

OBJECTIVE

Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) has hitherto been considered a disease of the peripheral nervous system only, with central nervous system (CNS) involvement largely overlooked. The aim of this study was to investigate any differences in brain structure in subjects with DPN.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Thirty-six subjects with type 1 diabetes (No DPN [n = 18], Painful DPN [n = 9], Painless DPN [n = 9]) underwent neurophysiological assessment to quantify the severity of DPN. All subjects, including 18 healthy volunteers (HVs), underwent volumetric brain magnetic resonance imaging at 3 Tesla.

RESULTS

Adjusted peripheral gray matter volume was statistically significantly lower in subjects with painless and painful DPN (mean 599.6 mL [SEM 9.8 mL] and 585.4 mL [10.0 mL], respectively) compared with those with No DPN (626.5 mL [5.7 mL]) and HVs (639.9 mL [7.2 mL]; ANCOVA, P = 0.001). The difference in adjusted peripheral gray matter volume between subjects with No DPN and HVs and those with Painful DPN and Painless DPN was not statistically significant (P = 0.16 and 0.30, respectively). Voxel-based morphometry analyses revealed greater localized volume loss in the primary somatosensory cortex, supramarginal gyrus, and cingulate cortex (corrected P < 0.05) in DPN subjects.

CONCLUSIONS

This is the first study to focus on structural changes in the brain associated with DPN. Our findings suggest increased peripheral gray matter volume loss, localized to regions involved with somatosensory perception in subjects with DPN. This may have important implications for the long-term prognosis of DPN.
Organocatalytic SOMO reactions of copper(I)-acetylide and alkylindium compounds with aldehydes
Authors: Tisovský Pavol , Mečiarová Mária , Šebesta Radovan
Published: March 2014

The derivatisation of aldehydes in their α-position is an important facet of organic synthesis. Organocatalytic radical reactions afford α-functionalised aldehydes via a SOMO activation pathway. New organo-SOMO reactions of aldehydes with copper(I)-acetylide and alkylindium reagents are detailed. These reactions proceed well under the catalysis of chiral imidazolidinones. The corresponding functionalised aldehydes were obtained with acceptable yields, but with only low enantiomeric ratios.
Characterization of LaRhO3 perovskites for dry (CO2) reforming of methane (DRM)
Authors: Johansson Ted , Pakhare Devendra , Haynes Daniel , Abdelsayed Victor , Shekhawat Dushyant , Spivey James
Published: March 2014

This work reports on the characterization of LaRhO3 perovskite as a catalyst for dry reforming of methane. The catalyst was studied using CH4-temperature programmed reduction (TPR), H2-TPR, and temperature programmed surface reaction (TPSR), and the changes in the crystal structure of the catalyst due to these treatments were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD). XRD pattern of the freshly calcined perovskites showed the formation of highly crystalline LaRhO3 and La2O3 phases. H2-TPR of the fresh calcined catalyst showed a shoulder at 342°C and a broad peak at 448°C, suggesting that the reduction of Rh in perovskite occurs in multiple steps. XRD pattern of the reduced catalyst suggests complete reduction of the LaRhO3 phase and the formation of metallic Rh and minor amounts of La(OH)3. The CH4-TPR data show qualitatively similar results as H2-TPR, with a shoulder and a broad peak in the same temperature range. Following the H2-TPR up to 950°C, the same batch of catalyst was oxidized by flowing 5 vol. % O2/He up to 500°C and a second H2-TPR (also up to 950°C) was conducted. This second H2-TPR differed significantly from that of the fresh calcined catalyst. The single sharp peak at 163°C in the second H2-TPR suggests a significant change in the catalyst, probably causedby the transformation of about 90 % of the perovskite into Rh/La2O3. This was confirmed by the XRD studies of the catalyst reduced after the oxidation at 500°C. TPSR of the dry reforming reaction on the fresh calcined catalyst showed CO and H2 formation starting at 400°C, with complete consumption of the reactants at 650°C. The uneven consumption of reactants between 400°C and 650°C suggests that reactions other than DRM occur, including reverse water gas shift (RWGS) and the Boudouard reaction (BR), probably as a result of in-situ changes in the catalyst, consistent with the H2-TPR results. TPSR, after a H2-TPR up to 950°C, showed that the dry reforming reaction did not light off until 570°C, which is much higher temperature than the one observed using fresh calcined catalyst. This shows that the uniform sites produced during the 950°C H2-TPR are catalytically less active than those of the fresh calcined catalyst, and that no significant side reactions such as RWGS or the Boudouard reaction occur. This suggests that reduction leads to the formation of a single type of sites which do not catalyze simultaneous side reactions.
“Proud Mormon Polygamist”: Assimilation, Popular Memory, and the Mormon Churches inBig Love
Authors: Zuk Tanya D.
Published: March 2014

Abstract:

This article explores the tensions between the official Mormon Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints and the polygamist Fundamentalist Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints as popular memory of these subcultures are created through a variety of media representations, including fictional programming like Big Love, media branding campaigns from both secular and religious groups, and reality programming such as Sister Wives and Polygamy USA. Using Hebdige’s concepts of hegemony, subculture, and assimilation, as well as Spivak’s subaltern, this paper analyzes the ongoing discourse of assimilation and rejection of the Mormon Church in American society though the representations of these groups in popular media.
Applications of Oxide Coatings in Photovoltaic Devices
Authors: Calnan Sonya
Published: March 2014

Metalloid and metal based oxides are an almost unavoidable component in the majority of solar cell technologies used at the time of writing this review. Numerous studies have shown increases of ≥1% absolute in solar cell efficiency by simply substituting a given layer in the material stack with an oxide. Depending on the stoichiometry and whether other elements are present, oxides can be used for the purpose of light management, passivation of electrical defects, photo-carrier generation, charge separation, and charge transport in a solar cell. In this review, the most commonly used oxides whose benefits for solar cells have been proven both in a laboratory and industrial environment are discussed. Additionally, developing trends in the use of oxides, as well as newer oxide materials, and deposition technologies for solar cells are reported.
Effects of Restoration Techniques on Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics in Florida Longleaf Pine (Pinus palustris) Sandhill Forests
Authors: Lavoie Martin , Mack Michelle , Hiers John , Pokswinski Scott , Barnett Analie , Provencher Louis
Published: March 2014

Historic fire suppression and intensive forest management in longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) sandhill forests has resulted in hardwood encroachment and degradation of this fire-dependent ecosystem. Active management is now required to restore native community structure and composition, but little is known about the long-term impacts of typical restoration techniques on ecosystem properties. In 1994, the Longleaf Pine Restoration Project (LPRP) was established in fire-excluded longleaf pine sandhills of Eglin Air Force Base, Florida, to explore the effects of restoration treatments on plant and animal community composition and soil processes. Experimental treatments applied included three hardwood reduction techniques and delayed burn. Reference sites were concurrently monitored. Fifteen years later, we revisited the LPRP plots to determine whether soil processes showed lasting treatment effects. This study showed that there were no differences in soil C and N between the reference and the fire-suppressed plots prior to the treatments, suggesting that soil C and N were relatively resistant to degradation. This study also showed that the restoration treatments had a significant effect by reducing soil C, but this effect was only short-lived (<3 years). In addition, a MRPP (multi-response permutation procedure) analysis showed that only the herbicide treatment was still different from the reference plots 15 years after the initial treatments. Thus, this study suggests that repeated fires (or lack of) or hardwood removal treatments have little detectable effect on soil nutrients in these nutrient-poor ecosystems.
Artichoke, Cynarin and Cyanidin Downregulate the Expression of Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase in Human Coronary Smooth Muscle Cells
Authors: Xia Ning , Pautz Andrea , Wollscheid Ursula , Reifenberg Gisela , Förstermann Ulrich , Li Huige
Published: March 2014

Artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) is one of the world’s oldest medicinal plants with multiple health benefits. We have previously shown that artichoke leaf extracts and artichoke flavonoids upregulate the gene expression of endothelial-type nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in human endothelial cells. Whereas NO produced by the eNOS is a vasoprotective molecule, NO derived from the inducible iNOS plays a pro-inflammatory role in the vasculature. The present study was aimed to investigate the effects of artichoke on iNOS expression in human coronary artery smooth muscle cells (HCASMC). Incubation of HCASMC with a cytokine mixture led to an induction of iNOS mRNA expression. This iNOS induction was concentration- and time-dependently inhibited by an artichoke leaf extract (1–100 µg/mL, 6 h or 24 h). Consistently, the artichoke leaf extract also reduced cytokine-induced iNOS promoter activation and iNOS protein expression. In addition, treatment of HCASMC with four well-known artichoke compounds (cynarin > cyanidin > luteolin ≈ cynaroside) led to a downregulation iNOS mRNA and protein expression, with cynarin being the most potent one. In conclusion, artichoke contains both eNOS-upregulating and iNOS-downregulating compounds. Such compounds may contribute to the beneficial effects of artichoke and may per se have therapeutic potentials.
Goat Milk Fat Naturally Enriched with Conjugated Linoleic Acid Increased Lipoproteins and Reduced Triacylglycerol in Rats
Authors: Rodrigues Raphaela , Soares Juliana , Garcia Hugo , Nascimento Claudenice , Medeiros Maria , Bomfim Marco , Medeiros Maria , Queiroga Rita
Published: March 2014

Goat milk is source of different lipids, including conjugated linoleic acid (CLA). CLA reduces body fat and protect against cardiovascular diseases. In the present study fat from goat milk naturally enriched with CLA was used. Male Wistar rats were divided into three groups that received during a 10 week diet with different lipid sources: soybean oil (CON), coconut oil (CO) and goat milk fat naturally enriched with CLA (GM-CLA). We evaluated the effects of a GM-CLA on biochemistry parameters - high density lipoprotein (HDL), triacylglycerol (TAG), TAG/HDL ratio, total cholesterol and glucose -, body weight and histopathological aspects of the intestine and liver. GM-CLA increased body weight from the second to the fifth week of the experiment compared to CON. Feed intake differed between the CON group and GM-CLA early in the first to third week of the experiments and later between the ninth and tenth week. The CLA-diet group showed increased levels of HDL, reduced levels of TAG and TAG/HDL ratio and no effect on LDL, but enhanced total cholesterol. Serum glucose of the GM-CLA group showed no difference from the control group. Thus, a GM-CLA diet promoted growth in young rats and acted as protector of cardiovascular function, but further studies are still needed to clarify these effects.
En confrontant deux apparats critiques
Authors: Severyns Albert
Published: March 2014

En comparant les deux apparats critiques de la Vita Homeri de Proclos publiés en 1912 par Allen et en 1916 par Wilamowitz, on constate d'abord que le premier est rempli de fautes positives ou négatives, ensuite que le deuxième est un abrégé du premier, erreurs comprises ; et enfin, que Wilamowitz ajoute de nouvelles inexactitudes parce que son apparat, inspiré d'Allen, se trouve au bas d'un texte recopié non pas d'après Allen, mais d'après Westphal (1866).
Aristote et la réforme monétaire de Solon
Authors: Noyen Paul
Published: March 2014

Le chapitre X de la « Constitution d'Athènes » d'Aristote, traitant de la réforme monétaire de Solon, devient parfaitement intelligible à la lumière de quelques données numismatiques. Premièrement, la mine euboïco-attique, divisée en 100 drachmes, équivalait à 73,5 drachmes de la mine éginétique, qui comptait seulement 70 drachmes. Deuxièmement, la talent euboïco-attique correspondait à 63 mines éginétiques.
La date du procès de Phidias
Authors: Donnay Guy
Published: March 2014

Guy Donnay, La date du procès de Phidias. — Philochore date le procès de Phidias de l'année 438/7. Cette datation, que ne contredit aucune source, s'accorde à la fois avec les résultats des fouilles de l'atelier de Phidias à Olympie, avec la date probable du décret de Dracontidès dirigé contre Périclès en tant qu'épistate de l'Athéna chryséléphantine du Parthénon, avec celle du Zeus de Théocosmos de Mégare, copie ou adaptation du Zeus d'Olympie, ainsi qu'avec le contexte historique. La datation traditionnelle du procès vers 433/2 résulte uniquement du désir de « sauver» l'attribution — purement arbitraire — à Phidias des frontons du Parthénon, commencés en 437/6.
La psychologie des copistes A et B des « de Xénophon
Authors: François Gilbert
Published: March 2014

Gilbert François, La psychologie des copistes A et B des « Mémorables» de Xênophon. — Si l'on veut pouvoir compter, pour l'établissement du texte des Mémorables, I-II, sur des arguments extrinsèques, il importe de connaître la psychologie des copistes A et Β (Parisini 1302 et 1740). Un examen complet et attentif du comportement de ces copistes permet d'établir que A adapte volontiers le texte de son modèle à ses vues personnelles — il faut donc utiliser ses leçons avec beaucoup de circonspection — , tandis que Β paraît se trouver dans un état d'esprit approprié à l'humble tâche qui lui incombe.
Une curieuse leçon de mathématiques
Authors: Duysinx François
Published: March 2014

François Duysinx, Une curieuse leçon de mathématiques. — Étude et traduction du Probl. phys., XV, 3 d'Aristote (numération décimale) et de textes qui l'éclairent (Théon, pp. 45-46 et 93 H ; Philolaos, Speusippe, Aétios, in Diels-Kranz, 44 Β 11, A 13 et 21 ; Aristote, Métaph., A, 986a, 4-12 ; Plutarque, De def. orac, 31 ; Nicomaque, Arithm., II, XIX). Principales notions expliquées : sens de εχειν dans les spéculations sur les nombres ; aspect du Nombre chez les Pythagoriciens ; 10, nombre « parfait » ; Tétractys et expression mathématique des consonances ; nombre des corps célestes φερόμενα ; sens de κυβικόζ αριθμός, différent de κύβος.
Les ἑπιμηνιοι de Milet. Contribution épigraphique à l'histoire politique de Milet au Ve siècle
Authors: Piérart Marcel
Published: March 2014

Les ἑπιμηνιοι mentionnés dans le décret SIG 3, 58 formaient un collège mensuel analogue à celui des prytanes dans l'ancienne constitution démocratique de Milet. L'inscription fut certainement gravée après 479 et sans doute avant 443, date probable de la réforme des tribus de Milet. Un nouvel examen des témoignages épigraphiques et littéraires permet de reconsidérer la succession des événements politiques et sociaux à cette époque.
Le traité d'amitié entre Rome et la ligue étolienne
Authors: Muylle J.
Published: March 2014

Analyse de la qui oppose l'Étolien Phainéas et Flaminius à la conférence de Tempe (197 av. J.-C.) à propos du sort des villes thessaliennes. Pour appuyer leurs demandes, les Étoliens font appel à l'ancien traité de 211 entre Rome et la Ligue (Tite-Live, XXVI, 24, 10-13 ; inscription de Tyrrhenium : IG IX2, 1, 241), tandis que, pour le Romain, le traité n'a plus aucune valeur et ne soutient d'ailleurs en rien la position des Étoliens. L'attitude de Flaminius envers les Étoliens et son interprétation du traité correspondent à la nouvelle situation qui s'est créée pour Rome depuis 211.
La coupe à bords ourlés. Chronologie, utilisation et répartition à l'époque de la Tène
Authors: Leman Delerive Germaine
Published: March 2014

L'étude précise des conditions de découverte des coupes à bords ourlés dites « coupes en parasol » amène à dater ce matériel de la fin de l'époque de Hallstatt ou du début de la Tène. Fréquente dans l'aire d'influence marnienne, une telle céramique n'existe que dans les sites d'habitat et il convient, dès lors, de lui attribuer une fonction domestique.
La marche du calendrier romain de 203 à 190 (Années Varr. 551-564)
Authors: Marchetti Patrick
Published: March 2014

En replaçant certaines dates romaines conservées par la tradition antique (celles de la capture de Syphax et de la défaite de Vermina) dans leur contexte chronologique naturel, et après avoir constaté que les manoeuvres opportunistes de Flamininus, lors des Conférences de Nicée (fin 198), n'ont de sens que si elles se sont déroulées dans un laps de temps précis, il se révèle possible de proposer pour les Ides de Mars 551-564 un calendrier correspondant à notre comput actuel (203-191 av. J.-C), et établi en fonction d'une suspension de toutes les intercalations entre 203 (au plus tard) et 194.
The God in the Dew
Authors: Clarke W. M.
Published: March 2014

A l'origine, le dieu grec Éros était la rosée. On décèle cette conception originelle dans la réalité littéraire, dans des peintures de vases, dans une comparaison des mythologies grecque et étrangères, et dans une étymologie possible du nom lui-même.
Le Phénicien Thaïes et le synoecisme de l'Ionie
Authors: Soyez Brigitte
Published: March 2014

Hérodote (I, 170) met en relation Thaïes de Milet, un « Phénicien », et le synoecisme proposé par lui aux Ioniens. On peut établir un parallèle entre ce synoecisme et les institutions de la Phénicie à l'époque perse. Leur symétrie expliquerait l'origine phénicienne qu'Hérodote attribue à Thalès.
Les premières attestations de modo au sens de nunc
Authors: Dominicy Marc
Published: March 2014

Un examen philologique détaillé révèle qu'il n'existe, à la connaissance de l'auteur, que neuf exemples antérieurs au IIe siècle de notre ère dans lesquels modo peut raisonnablement se voir attribuer la valeur de nunc. En outre, l'étude montre que, sauf omission, on ne découvre, pour la même période, aucun passage où modo aurait la signification lexicale de paullo post.
Naissance et originalité de la comédie « togata »
Authors: Pocina Pérez Andrès
Published: March 2014

Ni l'épuisement de la palliata, ni une réaction de type nationaliste à l'égard de la comédie grecque, ni le désir de créer une comédie de portée critique, ni, enfin, les goûts ou les exigences d'un groupe social particulier ne sont à l'origine de la comédie togata. Titinius, son créateur, a voulu faire une comédie bouffonne et populaire, maintenue dans le courant de la palliata, mais bénéficiant d'apports nouveaux : les traits romains et italiques, les allusions et références aux faits et aux realia bien connus du public.
The First Fruits of Sulla's March
Authors: Katz B. R.
Published: March 2014

L'auteur s'attache à déterminer quel est, du peuple ou du sénat, le responsable de la déclaration qui, en 88 avant J.-C, mit Marius hors la loi, avec onze de ses partisans. L'examen des textes permet de considérer comme hautement vraisemblable une intervention du peuple. L'identité et la personnalité des douze proscrits sont ensuite étudiées, ainsi que, dans un troisième temps, les caractères essentiels de la législation promulguée par L. Sylla en 88.
Le corpus des panégyriques latins de l'époque tardive : problèmes d'imitation
Authors: Vereecke Edmond
Published: March 2014

L'étude des schémas et des procédés rhétoriques utilisés par les panégyristes latins de l'époque tardive a conduit la plupart des philologues modernes à conclure que ces orateurs appliquaient les préceptes de théoriciens grecs du genre ou imitaient les discours d'orateurs latins antérieurs, tels que Cicerón et Pline. Les ressemblances entre toutes ces oeuvres sont indéniables, mais on les trouve aussi entre ces mêmes panégyriques et des discours encomiastiques grecs ou des théories latines consacrées à la laudatio ; il est vain de chercher des réseaux d'influence entre des discours et des traités qui témoignent avant tout de la permanence et des limites de la technique d'amplification requise par tout discours d'apparat.
Le règlement samothracéen sur le fonds d'achat de blé
Authors: Bingen Jean
Published: March 2014

Le texte du règlement I. Sam., II 1, 5 (me s. avant J.-C.) est susceptible d'améliorations qui montrent que la sitothésie était une institution permanente.
Dieu et la chance à travers les énigmes du corpus aristotélicien
Authors: Bodéüs Richard
Published: March 2014

L'examen de l'EE<, VIII, 2 (qui envisage les rapports hypothétiques entre Dieu et la chance) sert ici à illustrer deux difficultés propres à l'exégèse des écrits moraux d'Aristote : 1° la complexité des recherches sur la date et l'authenticité des textes qui n'appartiennent pas à l'EN ; 2° la difficulté de fonder des hypothèses relatives à l'évolution des doctrines du philosophe sans envisager l'intervention des successeurs d'Aristote dans le travail de présentation de ces doctrines.
Considérations sur les emplois de Θυμος dans Homère, Iliade VII 67-218
Authors: Cheyns André
Published: March 2014

Dans le passage étudié, le mot θυμὸς désigne, avec une constance remarquable, une force intérieure qui incite le guerrier à se distinguer de la foule et à réaliser des exploits. C'est pourquoi les principaux héros manifestent une tendance à s'identifier avec leur θυμὸς, même au péril de leur vie.
Beware of blue eyes ! A note on Hippocratic pangenesis (AER., ch. 14)
Authors: De Ley Herman
Published: March 2014

La théorie pangénétique des écrits hippocratiques est bien une théorie médicale : contrairement à la théorie démocritéenne, elle se limitait au problème de l'hérédité des maladies et des dispositions pathologiques. Tel était notamment le cas, pour le médecin hippocratique, avec la couleur bleue des yeux, qui est citée dans Aer., ch. 14.
Les textes d'hippiatrie grecque. Bilan et perspectives
Authors: Doyen A. M.
Published: March 2014

Depuis les humanistes J. Ruel et S. Grynée jusqu'aux philologues E. Oder, K. Hoppe et G. Björck, d'importants progrès ont été faits dans l'étude de la collection d'hippiatrie grecque. Cependant, les problèmes posés par la tradition manuscrite, la structure et la chronologie de ce vaste recueil restent nombreux et nécessitent de nouvelles recherches dont le présent article précise la portée.
Het Protevangelium Iacobi in het Latijn
Authors: Gijsel J.
Published: March 2014

Dans plusieurs ouvrages, on peut lire qu'il n'existe pas de version latine du Protévangile. C'est une erreur. L'auteur compare les douze témoins de traduction latine connus à ce jour. Leur collation fait apparaître qu'ils remontent à deux traductions latines au moins ; l'une est représentée par des témoins se situant dans les régions franco-espagnoles et date d'avant l'an 1000, l'autre serait plutôt germanique et antérieure à l'an 800.
L'Atuatuca césarienne au Fort de Chaudfontaine ?
Authors: Grisart Albert
Published: March 2014

Atuatuca est un nom commun éburon signifiant fort (castellum). Celui où furent deux camps romains en 54 et 53 était « à peu près au milieu de l'Eburonie » (César, B.G., VI, 32, 4) : l'auteur du présent article le situe au Fort de Chaudfontaine. L'«importante dépression», à ± 3 km, où périrent quinze bataillons romains, serait l'Ourthe, entre Embourg et Esneux ; la distance entre les trois camps romains de 54 concorde, sur des routes «patentées», avec les milles (gaulois) d'Ambiorix (V, 27, 9) et les milles (romains) de César (V, 53, 1) ; le terrain environnant coïncide dans les moindres détails avec le récit césarien de l'attaque de l'atuatuca par les Sicambres.
La réfutation des analogies dans l'Hermotime de Lucien
Authors: Joly Robert
Published: March 2014

Dans toute la partie centrale de l'Hermotime, Lucien use d'une méthode consciente et systématique : la réfutation des analogies. On a voulu souligner ici l'intérêt philosophique très actuel du procédé et l'originalité assez méconnue de Lucien.