bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prediction of Serum Zinc Levels in Mexican Children at 2 Years of Age Using a Food Frequency Questionnaire and Different Zinc Bioavailability Criteria
Authors: Cantoral Alejandra , Téllez-Rojo Martha , Shamah-Levy Teresa , Schnaas Lourdes , Hernández-Ávila Mauricio , Peterson Karen E. , Ettinger Adrienne S.
Published: June 2015

Background:

The 2006 Mexican National Health and Nutrition Survey documented a prevalence of zinc deficiency of almost 30% in children under 2 years of age.

Objective:

We sought to validate a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) for quantifying dietary bioavailable zinc intake in 2-year-old Mexican children accounting for phytic acid intake and using serum zinc as a reference.

Methods:

This cross-sectional study was nested within a longitudinal birth cohort of 333 young children in Mexico City. Nonfasting serum zinc concentration was measured and dietary zinc intake was calculated on the basis of a semiquantitative FFQ administered to their mothers. The relationship between dietary zinc intake and serum zinc was assessed using linear regression, adjusting for phytic acid intake, and analyzed according to two distinct international criteria to estimate bioavailable zinc. Models were stratified by zinc deficiency status.

Results:

Dietary zinc, adjusted for phytic acid intake, explained the greatest proportion of the variance of serum zinc. For each milligram of dietary zinc intake, serum zinc increased on average by 0.95 μg/dL (0.15 μmol/L) ( p = .06). When stratified by zinc status, this increase was 0.74 μg/dL ( p = .12) for each milligram of zinc consumed among children with adequate serum zinc (n = 276), whereas among those children with zinc deficiency (n = 57), serum zinc increased by only 0.11 μg/dL ( p = .82).

Conclusions:

A semiquantitative FFQ can be used for predicting serum zinc in relation to dietary intake in young children, particularly among those who are zinc-replete, and when phytic acid or phytate intake is considered. Future studies should be conducted accounting for both zinc status and dietary zinc inhibitors to further elucidate and validate these findings.
A Globally-Conscious Nonlocal Nursing Community
Authors: Rosa William
Published: June 2015

The purpose of this article is to describe the creative process and nursing implications of the website, Holding Heartspace: A Nonphysical Ashram for the Like-hearted to Honor Story, Process, and Sacred Intentions of Caring-Healing-Loving in the World. Holding Heartspace is an example of a virtual community that links the experiences of nurses from around the world to a centralized forum. This site is the culminating project of the author’s participation in and graduation from the Caritas Coach Education Program (CCEP). Human caring science is a theory of nursing maintaining several relevant components and definitions that have fostered the creation of Holding Heartspace. It is within the contextual realm of caring science that facilitation from caritas (compassionate, generous love) to the more universal communitas (recognition of our collective humanity) is realized and experienced (Watson, 2008).
Freedom in Research
Authors: Florczak Kristine L.
Published: June 2015

To illuminate the idea of freedom in research, the author considers the nature of being a professional, which includes the dimensions as elaborated by Flexner (1915) and Taylor (1968). The dimension of autonomy, one characteristic of being a professional, is explored by utilizing the work of Hall (1968). Then the idea of situated freedom will be presented as a means to explain the professional autonomy of nurse researchers.
Epistemic Injustice and Nurse Moral Distress
Authors: Reed Pamela G. , Rishel Cindy J.
Published: June 2015

The focus of this article is epistemic injustice as an underlying explanation for the lack of communication associated with moral distress in frontline nurses who provide end-of-life care. Improvements in interprofessional collaboration and communication in this challenging area of practice are needed, as supported by research on moral distress and related studies. Policy development that addresses interprofessional practice inclusive of all healthcare providers, particularly frontline nurses, in deliberations about end-of-life treatment deliberations and decisions is proposed.
Cities and Agglomeration Externalities
Authors: Mohanty Prasanna K. , Mishra Alok K.
Published: June 2015

Cities are home to agglomeration externalities, which, interacting with knowledge externalities, drive economic growth during structural transformation of nations. Yet policy-makers in several developing countries in the past seemed to have had an anti-urban bias. This is primarily due to the lack of appreciation of externalities of cities and their role in facilitating economic growth and generating resources for economic development, including urban and rural development. Recognizing the critical need of Asian countries to harness the power of agglomeration externalities in cities for growth, this article examines the nature and sources of agglomeration externalities and derives lessons for the formulation of urban public policy in the urbanizing countries of Asia, including India.

城市是集聚外部性的温床，并与知识外部性在国家结构转型过程中推动经济增长发生相互作用。然而，几个发展中国家的政策制定者在过去一段时期里似乎有反城市偏见。这主要是由于缺乏对城市外部性及其在促进经济增长、为经济发展创造资源等方面的认知，包括在城市和农村发展中的作用。鉴于亚洲国家迫切需要利用集聚外部性的力量促进城市增长，本文探讨了集聚外部性的本质和来源，并为包括印度在内的正在经历城镇化的亚洲国家制定城市公共政策总结了经验教训。
Diversity and Dynamics of Informal Rental Housing in a Mid-sized City in India
Authors: Desai Renu , Mahadevia Darshini
Published: June 2015

Informal housing predominates urban housing options in developing countries, including India, in both its metro and its mid-sized cities. Within urban housing, two-fifths is rental in India. This study is located within one mid-sized city (Guwahati) in one of the least developed states (Assam) in India. The processes of supply of rental housing in the informal sector are linked with the processes of overall supply of housing identified in Guwahati as housing through (i) informal occupation of public and private lands, (ii) alienation of land and (iii) public sector. Within that, landownership, processes of land occupation/subdivision and development, and the role of various actors create submarkets. Submarket-specific, settlement-specific and owner-specific processes shape a diversity of informal rental housing with regard to extent, quality, level of basic services, rents and tenure security for the urban poor, posing challenges for pursuing a policy of ‘formalizing the informal’ in the case of India.

非正式住房在发展中国家的城市中成为了主要的住房选择，包括印度的大城市和中等城市。在印度的城市住房中，五分之二是租赁住房。本研究针对一个位于印度最不发达邦 (Assam) 的中型城市 (Guwahati)。非正式租赁住房的供应过程通过以下因素与 Guwahati 市明确的完整住房供应过程联系在一起：(i) 非正式的公共和私人土地权属，(ii) 土地转让，以及 (iii) 公共部门。其中，土地所有权、土地占有/细分过程的发展，以及各个参与者的角色共同创建了子市场。针对印度的情况，在基础服务的程度、质量、水平，城市贫民的租金和权属保障，面临挑战寻求一个政策”以正式的手段解决非正式住房问题”等方面，特定的子市场、特定的解决方案和特定的所有者形成了非正式租赁住房的多样性。
Home-based Workers and Multiple Uses of Dwellings in Urban India
Authors: Chandrasekhar S.
Published: June 2015

This article complements the literature on self-employment by focusing on the issue of multiple use of dwelling and home-based workers in urban India. Using data from Census of India 2011, the article establishes the prevalence of multiple uses of houses. Following this, the descriptive analysis, based on unit level data from a unique nationally representative data set on employment and unemployment for the year 2009–2010, establishes sufficient heterogeneity between the three types of home-based workers: own account workers, employers and unpaid family workers. The heterogeneity is along many dimensions: age, education, skill, industry of work and monthly per capita expenditure. There are also marked differences in operational characteristics. From a policy perspective, this article makes two contributions. It argues that recognition of multiple use of dwelling is the first step towards having a discussion on whether home-based enterprises can be visualized as a livelihood improvement strategy for low-income households. Second, despite the sizable number of houses in slums being used for purposes other than residence, this fact is often neglected while thinking of the potential adverse impacts of slum resettlement policies on livelihoods.

通过关注印度城市住房的多种用途和居家工作者等议题，本文补充了自主创业方面的文献。利用印度 2011 年人口普查数据，本文明确了住房拥有多种用途十分普遍。接下去，在描述性分析的基础上，基于一个独特的具有全国代表性的数据中有关就业和失业的家庭层面数据 (2009-2010年)，本文提出三种类型的居家工作者之间具有充分的异质性：单独结算的工人，雇主和无薪居家工人。异质性反应在许多方面：年龄，教育水平，技能，工作行业和每月人均支出。在工作特征上也有显著差异。从政策角度，本文做出了两个贡献。本文提出承认住房的多种用途是探讨家庭企业能否被看作低收入家庭民生改善战略的第一步。其次，尽管相当数量的贫民窟住房被用作居住以外的用途，在考虑贫民窟重置政策对居民生活的潜在负面影响时，这个事实往往被忽视。
Examining Mental Health Act usage in an urban emergency department
Authors: Derrick Kate , Chia Justin , O’Donovan Sarah , Emerton Alexandra , Hamlyn Marika , Wand Timothy
Published: June 2015

Objective:

In this study we aimed to examine the characteristics of Mental Health Act (MHA) usage in the Emergency Department (ED) of an urban teaching hospital in Sydney.

Methods:

All MHA certificates written on individuals in the ED over a 12-week period in 2013 were collected. The medical record of each individual was reviewed by a member of the research team using an audit tool developed for the study. Any uncertainty over individual cases was addressed through research team consensus.

Results:

A total of 172 MHA certificates were collected; 67 were written by police, 45 by ambulance, 54 by medical officers and three by accredited persons. Three magistrate orders for assessment were also received. Seventy percent of police and 60% of ambulance MHA certificates did not result in admission. Over a third were revoked by ED physicians. Forty-five people (32.4%) who presented voluntarily were subsequently detained.

Conclusions:

Police and ambulance MHA certification was a poor predictor of admission. Least restrictive measures were predominantly the outcome. Delegating ED physicians with authorised medical officer status assisted in facilitating this process. Formalised education and training on the principles and practicalities of MHA legislation should be ongoing for all professionals involved.
Multidimensional Caregiving Burden of Female Family Caregivers in Korea
Authors: Lim Young Mi , Ahn Yang Heui , Ahn Ji Yeong
Published: June 2015

The purpose of this study was to examine a staged theoretical model to explain cultural knowledge-based multidimensional burden of women family caregivers caring for community-dwelling older adults using a modified Poulshock and Deimling model. In the model, the antecedents included elders’ impairment in activities of daily living (ADL), elders’ cognitive impairment, caregivers’ self-efficacy, and caregivers’ familism. The perception contained the disruptive behavior burden and social functioning burden of caregivers. The consequence variable included social activity restriction and negative changes in family relationships. The total sample was 157 primary women caregivers caring for community-dwelling older adults aged 65 and older. Instruments were General Self-Efficacy Scale, Family Scale, and Burden Scale. Path analysis was done to analyze the model using multiple linear regression methods. This study showed that impairments of older adults (impairment in ADL, cognitive impairment) and caregiver beliefs (strong familism, low self-efficacy) had an indirect influence on negative changes in family relationship and social activity restriction through the perceived emotional distress.
Dosing of Target-Specific Oral Anticoagulants in Special Populations
Authors: Morrill Amanda M. , Ge Dan , Willett Kristine C.
Published: June 2015

Objective: To review current literature for target-specific oral anticoagulants (TSOACs) and provide critical analysis for dosing recommendations in special population groups. Data Sources: A literature search was conducted in Medline (1996 to April week 2 2015) and Embase (1980 to 2015 week 16) using key terms dabigatran, rivaroxaban, apixaban, edoxaban, kidney diseases, liver diseases, elderly, obesity, and special populations. Study Selection and Data Extraction: Randomized controlled trials in English assessing efficacy and safety of TSOACs in healthy adults and special populations were selected for analysis. Data Synthesis: Phase 3 trials for TSOACs predominately excluded patients with severe renal impairment or active liver disease. There were no exclusion criteria based on age, body weight or body mass index. Additional conclusions were made in special populations, including those with renal or liver impairment and obese and elderly patients, based on secondary analyses, pharmacokinetic, and pharmacodynamic studies. Conclusions: Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic changes associated special populations may alter clinical decision with regard to drug selection and dosing. It is valuable to understand the rationale for labeled dosing recommendations in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation and venous thromboembolism treatment and prevention, particularly in patients that fall into special population groups. Furthermore, the use of TSOACs is likely to increase as clinicians gain experience with these agents and additional TSOACs and indications are approved.
Addressing childhood obesity at school entry
Authors: Turner Gillian L , Owen Stephanie , Watson Paula M
Published: June 2015

School entry provides an opportune moment for health professionals to intervene with children who are overweight, yet identification and management of childhood obesity presents challenges in practice. This multi-method qualitative study explored the experiences of 26 school health professionals in addressing childhood obesity at school entry. Methods included semi-structured interviews with service managers ( n = 3); focus groups with school nurses ( n = 12) and child health practitioners ( n = 6); and open-ended questionnaires with school nurses ( n = 4) and child health practitioners ( n = 1) who were unable to attend the focus groups. A thematic analysis revealed agreement between service managers, school nurses and child health practitioners. Whilst it was felt school health professionals have an important role to play in managing childhood obesity, efforts to address child weight were limited by a lack of capacity, lack of clear protocols, challenges of engaging parents and insufficient training in childhood obesity and related lifestyle issues. School health policymakers need to recognize childhood obesity as a serious public health issue, allocate appropriate resources to nurse training and development and ensure clear pathways are established to ensure consistency of care.
Winning major international target archery competitions
Authors: Park James L
Published: June 2015

Major international target archery competitions usually include a 72-arrow ranking round and then one-on-one knockout matches conducted over a small number of arrows until one archer remains. This article considers the relation between an archer’s placing in the ranking round and the likelihood of that archer finishing with a high place following the one-on-one matches. The archer’s ranking round score has been used as an indication of the archer’s ability in the matches and used to calculate the probability of the archer winning sufficient matches in succession to succeed in the competition. It has been found that the probability of the archer winning the competition decreases exponentially with ranking place. This has been compared with the results from all major international target archery competitions between 2000 and 2014 inclusive and provides a good match. Given the importance of the ranking round, it is suggested that an archer needs to finish in about the top 8 places in the ranking round if the archer is to have good prospects of winning a medal. The score trend for eighth place provides an indication of the likely score required in future competitions, such as the 2016 Olympic Games.
A Sociological Analysis of Ethical Expertise
Authors: Emmerich Nathan
Published: June 2015

This article outlines a theoretical and conceptual account for the analysis of contemporary ethical or “bioethical” expertise. The substantive focus is on the academic discipline of bioethics—understood as a “practical” or “applied” ethics—and its relationship to medicine and medical ethics. I draw intellectual inspiration from the sociology of science and make use of research into the idea of “expertise” per se. In so doing, I am attempting to move the debate beyond the limitations placed upon it by philosophical or meta-ethical analysis and develop a perspective than can be used to address the sociological reality of (bio)ethical expertise. To do so, I offer the terms ethos and eidos to provide a basic conceptual framework for the sociological analysis of “morality” and “ethics.” I then turn to an exegesis of Collins and Evans’s account of ubiquitous, contributory, and interactional expertise and situate these topics in relation to academic bioethics and medical practice. My account suggests a particular understanding of the kinds of relationships that “bioethics” should seek to foster with the social fields it endeavors to not only comment on but also influence.
Prevention of Nurses’ Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders Resulting From Repositioning Patients in Bed
Authors: Weiner Chava , Alperovitch-Najenson Deborah , Ribak Joseph , Kalichman Leonid
Published: June 2015

Repositioning patients in bed to promote comfort and prevent impairments caused by continuously lying in a prone position is a task frequently performed by nurses and nursing assistants. Repositioning is a high-risk activity, frequently causing occupational injuries. These occupational injuries are attributed to excessive physical demands on nurses due to patients’ weight and awkward nurse postures. During repositioning, risk of injury can be lowered by reducing friction between the patient and the bed. Hence, certain friction-reducing devices have been developed to reduce the manual force required to move patients. Nevertheless, further research is needed to evaluate the potential effectiveness of these devices. Therefore, the aim of this review was to present current research about the risk factors, prevention strategies, and assistive devices that could reduce work-related musculoskeletal disorders caused by repositioning patients in bed.
Active labor market programs - employment gain or fiscal drain?
Authors: Brown Alessio JG , Koettl Johannes
Published: June 2015

This paper provides a new perspective by classifying active labor market programs (ALMPs) depending on their objectives, relevance and cost-effectiveness during normal times, a crisis and recovery. We distinguish ALMPs providing incentives for retaining employment, incentives for creating employment, incentives for seeking and keeping a job, incentives for human capital enhancement and improved labor market matching. Reviewing evidence from the literature, we discuss especially indirect effects of various interventions and their cost-effectiveness. The paper concludes by providing a systematic overview of how, why, when and to what extent specific ALMPs are effective.

JEL classification:J08, J22, J23, J38, E24
Gaussian Random Particles with Flexible Hausdorff Dimension
Authors: Hansen Linda V. , Thorarinsdottir Thordis L. , Ovcharov Evgeni , Gneiting Tilmann , Richards Donald
Published: June 2015

Gaussian particles provide a flexible framework for modelling and simulating three-dimensional star-shaped random sets. In our framework, the radial function of the particle arises from a kernel smoothing, and is associated with an isotropic random field on the sphere. If the kernel is a von Mises-Fisher density, or uniform on a spherical cap, the correlation function of the associated random field admits a closed form expression. The Hausdorff dimension of the surface of the Gaussian particle reflects the decay of the correlation function at the origin, as quantified by the fractal index. Under power kernels we obtain particles with boundaries of any Hausdorff dimension between 2 and 3.
Distribution of the Number of Retransmissions of Bounded Documents
Authors: Jelenković Predrag R. , Skiani Evangelia D.
Published: June 2015

Retransmission-based failure recovery represents a primary approach in existing communication networks that guarantees data delivery in the presence of channel failures. Recent work has shown that, when data sizes have infinite support, retransmissions can cause long (-tailed) delays even if all traffic and network characteristics are light-tailed. In this paper we investigate the practically important case of bounded data units 0 ≤ Lb ≤ b under the condition that the hazard functions of the distributions of data sizes and channel statistics are proportional. To this end, we provide an explicit and uniform characterization of the entire body of the retransmission distribution ℙ[Nb > n] in both n and b. Our main discovery is that this distribution can be represented as the product of a power law and gamma distribution. This rigorous approximation clearly demonstrates the coupling of a power law distribution, dominating the main body, and the gamma distribution, determining the exponential tail. Our results are validated via simulation experiments and can be useful for designing retransmission-based systems with the required performance characteristics. From a broader perspective, this study applies to any other system, e.g. computing, where restart mechanisms are employed after a job processing failure.
Insights into transcription termination of Hfq-binding sRNAs of Escherichia coli and characterization of readthrough products
Authors: Morita Teppei , Ueda Masaki , Kubo Kento , Aiba Hiroji
Published: June 2015

The genes encoding Hfq-dependent sRNAs possess a typical Rho-independent transcription terminator. Here, we have studied the molecular events occurring at Rho-independent terminators of sRNA genes, focusing on two well-characterized Hfq-binding sRNAs, SgrS and RyhB. We constructed several hybrid genes in which the DNA sequence corresponding to a strong Rho-independent terminator was placed just downstream from the Rho-independent terminators of sRNA genes. By using this system, we demonstrate that transcripts frequently read through the Rho-independent terminators of sgrS and ryhB in normally growing cells. We show that Hfq does not affect the transcriptional readthrough event itself. We also find that the readthrough products no longer bind to Hfq in vivo. We have developed a competition assay based on a biotin–streptavidin system to analyze the interaction of Hfq and a particular RNA molecule in vitro. By using this method, we verify that the 3′-extended form of SgrS does not bind to Hfq in vitro. Finally, we demonstrate that transcription termination is significantly enhanced under stress conditions where transcription initiation of sRNA genes on the chromosome is induced. We conclude that the production of sRNAs is regulated not only at the step of transcription initiation but also at the step of transcription termination. The mechanism by which transcription termination is enhanced under stress conditions remains to be understood.
Hedge Fund Crowds and Mispricing
Authors: Sias Richard , Turtle H. J. , Zykaj Blerina
Published: June 2015

Recent models and the popular press suggest that large groups of hedge funds follow similar strategies resulting in crowded equity positions that destabilize markets. Inconsistent with this assertion, we find that hedge fund equity portfolios are remarkably independent. Moreover, when hedge funds do buy and sell the same stocks, their demand shocks are, on average, positively related to subsequent raw and risk-adjusted returns. Even in periods of extreme market stress, we find no evidence that hedge fund demand shocks are inversely related to subsequent returns. Our results have important implications for the ongoing debate regarding hedge fund regulation.

This paper was accepted by Wei Jiang, finance.
Getting diet right: dietary advice for health in practice
Authors: Rugg-Gunn Andrew
Published: June 2015

This paper indicates the need for diet advice to be part of dental practice, the evidence for that advice, and what the advice should be for various age groups
Prevention and management of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting
Authors: Moradian Saeed , Howell Doris
Published: June 2015

Nausea and vomiting are among the most frequently experienced toxic side-effects associated with chemotherapy. Although nausea and vomiting can result from surgery or radiotherapy, chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) is potentially the most severe and most distressing. Estimates regarding the incidence of CINV vary depending on the treatment administered and individual patient characteristics.The impact of CINV on quality of life (QoL) and daily activities is considerable. Pharmacological treatments are considered routine for CINV. Clinical guidelines now recommend that patients receiving moderate emetic chemotherapy (MEC) regimens be preferentially treated with palonosetron, the 5-hydroxytryptamine type 3 (5-HT3) receptor antagonist, in combination with dexamethasone. In addition, it has shown that single-dose fosaprepitant is equivalent to the standard 3-day aprepitant regimen (the neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptor antagonist). Despite these advances in antiemetic management, approximately 50% of patients receiving chemotherapy still experience nausea and/or vomiting. Further improvements are still desirable, particularly in the prevention and treatment of delayed CINV. Non-pharmacological interventions can be possible adjuncts to standard anti-emetic therapy. Using new technologies to collect patient-reported outcomes may improve the accuracy of assessment, provide a better picture of the patient's experience of these symptoms, and provide a means to simultaneously monitor symptoms, educate patients, and collect longitudinal data.
ABORDAGENS MISTAS NA PESQUISA EM ADMINISTRAÇÃO: UMA ANÁLISE BIBLIOMÉTRICA DO USO DE MULTIMÉTODOS NO BRASIL
Authors: Broilo Patricia Liebesny , Silva Renata Gonçalves Santos , Frio Ricardo Saraiva , Olea Pelayo Munhoz , Nodari Cristine Hermann
Published: June 2015

Com o objetivo de contribuir para as discussões acerca do uso conjunto de métodos qualitativos e quantitativos na pesquisa em Administração, este artigo apresenta uma análise bibliométrica dos estudos publicados na Revista de Administração de Empresas da Fundação Getúlio Vargas (RAE), na Revista de Administração Contemporânea (RAC) e na Revista de Administração da Universidade de São Paulo (RAUSP), no período de 2010 a 2014, dimensionando a frequência de uso de abordagens mistas como metodologia de pesquisa e como tal prática está caracterizada em estudos publicados nesse campo no Brasil. Os resultados indicam ser o índice de uso de abordagens mistas ainda pequeno em relação ao uso isolado de métodos qualitativos e quantitativos, denotando uma visão dicotômica envolvendo os paradigmas positivista e interpretativista na prática de pesquisa na disciplina. Conclui-se com a sugestão de novas investigações como, por exemplo, identificar entre os próprios pesquisadores as razões pelas quais utilizam ou não abordagens mistas e as dificuldades implicadas, visando à continuidade do debate sobre os métodos de pesquisa empregados na ciência da Administração.
ENSINO DE INOVAÇÃO NA FORMAÇÃO DO ADMINISTRADOR BRASILEIRO: CONTRIBUIÇÕES PARA GESTORES DE CURSO
Authors: Pereira Raquel da Silva , Franco Ivaldo Donizeti , Santos Isabel Cristina dos , Vieira Almir Martins
Published: June 2015

Com o objetivo de contribuir para a gestão de negócios inovadores, este artigo investiga como a inovação é abordada nos cursos de Bacharelado em Administração. Este trabalho tem natureza qualitativa apoiada por pesquisa exploratória, com delineamento de pesquisa histórico-documental, com acesso às fontes de dados primários nos bancos de dados do Ministério de Educação e Cultura e do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia, Instituto Nacional de Estudos e Pesquisas Educacionais Anísio Teixeira e Estatística. A caracterização do contexto brasileiro da inovação foi elaborada com base nos dados do Guide Innovation Index. A análise dos dados permitiu identificar os diferentes estágios do ensino de inovação nos cursos de Administração existentes no país, analisados regionalmente. Como resultados obtidos, aponta-se que, embora minimamente abordado, o tema inovação é mais frequentemente debatido nos cursos de Administração nas regiões sul e sudeste do país, que concentram o maior volume da atividade industrial do país. Este estudo conclui que o tema inovação é pouco debatido nos cursos de Administração, o que indica um espaço de oportunidade de revisão de conteúdo em compasso com as estratégias governamentais para aumento da taxa de inovação nas empresas brasileiras.
ATIVIDADE DIDÁTICA EM COMÉRCIO EXTERIOR: UMA ABORDAGEM ENTRE CUSTO E SUSTENTABILIDADE
Authors: Veiga Cristiano Henrique Antonelli da , Lima Jesildo Moura de , Ribeiro Roberto Portes , Zucatto Luis Carlos
Published: June 2015

O debate mundial como o realizado na Rio+20 focado na preservação do meio ambiente, aliado ao crescente movimento do Comércio Exterior brasileiro e mundial requerem a necessidade do estudo conjunto destas temáticas na formação do administrador. Investigar a sistematização dos conceitos de Comércio Exterior com o uso de jogos de empresas é a proposição central deste artigo. Por meio da pesquisa-ação e com o uso da análise qualitativa de dados foram elaborados dois cenários assimétricos e as equipes caracterizadas como empresários exportadores e importadores. O estudo longitudinal foi realizado com quatro turmas distintas e sequenciais da disciplina de Comércio Exterior do Curso de Administração em duas Instituições de Ensino Superior localizadas no Sul do Brasil. Por meio do uso de jogos de empresas e com dinâmicas vivenciais que estimulavam a negociação empresarial, os estudantes puderam debater vários termos da área e interagir entre si, de forma autônoma, evidenciando que essa estratégia didática pode ser utilizada como uma ferramenta de apoio ao ensino na área de Comércio Exterior. Como proposta final, os cenários do jogo foram modificados e essa última versão está focada, além dos aspectos anteriormente desenvolvidos, na busca da decisão entre o menor custo e os processos de manufatura sustentáveis. Neste último aspecto observou-se que as decisões nesta perspectivas encontram-se vinculadas as concepções pessoais prévias dos participantes do que sobre estratégias competitivas elaboradas para a empresa.
Reflexive fatherhood in everyday life: the case of Denmark
Authors: Westering Allan
Published: June 2015

This article looks at fathering practices in Denmark, using the findings from a research project on everyday family life in Denmark. It takes a social psychological perspective and employs discursive psychology and theories about reflexive modernisation. It shows how fathers orient towards intimacy in their relationships with their children. Moreover, it discusses how fathers’ relatedness reflects individualisation and detraditionalisation. It is argued that reflexive modernisation entails subjective orientations that enable novel pathways to intimacy in contemporary father–child relationships. Through this analysis and discussion, the article offers a way to understand the complexities of fathering in everyday life from the perspective of fathers.
Elite Repudiation of the R-Word and Public Opinion About Intellectual Disability
Authors: Lyle Monique L. , Simplican Stacy Clifford
Published: June 2015

Part of the motivation for encouraging elite stakeholders—like governments, professionals, and advocacy groups—to replace the language of “mental retardation” with “intellectual disability” (ID) is the belief that elite endorsement could undermine negative attitudes and influence the public to follow suit. We examine the veracity of this expectation empirically with an experiment that exposed individuals to information about endorsements of the terminology change made by the federal government, Special Olympics, or professional psychologists. We subsequently measured attitudes about persons with ID and the language used to describe ID. Results indicate that exposure to information about elite endorsement of the terminological shift either exacerbated negative attitudes or had no effect, suggesting that other factors may have primacy over “expert” opinion.
Standards to Guide the Use of Clinical Judgment in the Field of Intellectual Disability
Authors: Luckasson Ruth , Schalock Robert L.
Published: June 2015

The purpose of this article is to discuss 10 Clinical Judgment Standards and associated best practice indicators based on current literature and an understanding of the context of clinical judgment. Throughout the article, we stress the important role that clinical judgment plays in formulating valid and precise decisions and recommendations regarding diagnosis, classification, and planning supports.
Soil and soil-water chemistry below different amounts of logging residues at two harvested forest sites in Sweden
Authors: Ring Eva , Högbom Lars , Nohrstedt Hans-Örjan , Jacobson Staffan
Published: June 2015

Logging residues (LR),i.e. tops, branches, and needles, are increasingly being harvested for energy production in Fennoscandia. These residues are temporarily piled on site awaiting transport. This study was undertaken to investigate effects on the soil and soil-water chemistry below different amounts of LR at two recently harvested coniferous sites in Sweden. Seven treatments were included and the studied amounts of LR ranged from no LR left on the ground to four times the estimated LR amount of the harvested stands. Two treatments included eight times the estimated LR amount of the harvested stands but here the LR were removed after 7 or 20 weeks. Soil-water samples were collected during the first six or seven growing seasons. Effects of treatment were detected in the soil water for 11 chemical variables at the northern site, and for the NO and Cl concentrations at the southern site. The strongest response was generally found in the treatment with four times the estimated LR amount, for which the highest concentrations were recorded in most cases. In the first three seasons, the water flux through the LR decreased with an increasing amount of residue. Effects on the exchangeable store of Ca in the mor layer and the upper 20 cm of the mineral soil was detected at both sites. At the northern site, the weight of the remaining LR, ground vegetation and all other material above the mor layer in the treatments with two and four times the estimated LR amount was roughly twice the corresponding weights at the southern site seven years after treatment. Although strong effects on the soil-solution chemistry were detected at one of the study sites, in the treatments corresponding to two and four times the estimated logging residue amount, the effect on the leaching from an entire regeneration area is likely to be relatively small given the percentage of the area hosting these logging residue amounts (ca. 20% after stem-only harvesting and 9% after fuel-adapted felling). 3--2+
Estimación del índice de confiabilidad B de las vigas de un puente usando conteos de tráfico real (TPDS) mediante simulación.
Authors: Vanegas Herrera Sergio Andrés , Chio Cho Gustavo
Published: June 2015

El índice de confiabilidad B es un parámetro utilizado para estimar la seguridad de una estruc­tura o un elemento de esta durante su etapa de diseño o servicio. Este parámetro, definido en otros códigos del mundo (European Committee for Standardisation (Eurocode), EN 1990:2002; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), 2012), no se especifica en el Código Colombiano de Diseño Sísmico de Puentes (CCDSP-95) (1995). En este artículo se presenta un trabajo sobre la estima­ción de los índices de coniabilidad Bde las vigas interiores y exteriores de un tablero de un puente de viga y losa, en concreto reforzado, de 30 m de longitud, simplemente apoyado y diseñado según el CCDSP-95. En la evaluación de los momentos resistentes se consideraron las propiedades de los materiales usando una distribución normal. Ade­más, se utilizó una simulación de Monte Carlo para estimar la solicitación del momento en cen­tro de luz de los efectos de la carga viva.
Cartilage–hair hypoplasia: a spectrum of clinical and radiological findings
Authors: Faitelson Yoram , Manson David
Published: June 2015

Introduction: Cartilage–hair hypoplasia (CHH) is a rare skeletal dysplasia that presents with various degrees of immunodeficiency, short stature, and a susceptibility to malignancies. Individuals with CHH can present with severe combined immunodeficiency or combined immunodeficiency and are at risk for severe and unusual infections irrespective of their laboratory findings. In addition, individuals with CHH can present with variable skeletal abnormalities, mainly involving the metaphysis of long bones. CHH is a rare disease and familiarity with the variable features is crucial for diagnosis.

Methods: We report the clinical, radiological, and genetic findings for 5 patients with proven diagnoses of CHH.

Results: In this study we describe a cohort of patients with CHH and present their clinical findings and progressions. In addition, we present the radiological images and the immunological investigations that were done in these patients. Although all the patients in our cohort had poor cellular immunity, they had a variable clinical course. Three out of 5 patients received a bone marrow transplant (BMT) and 2 out of 5 died at an early age (1 after BMT). Those who had poor humoral function had a worse prognosis compared with those with good humoral function. The skeletal findings were characteristic for CHH.

Conclusion: CHH is a disease with a variable presentation. Clinicians should be aware of the characteristic skeletal and immunological findings to identify the disease as early as possible.

Statement of novelty: We present novel clinical and radiological findings in patients with variable RMRP gene mutations.
Relationships between ecosystems and plant assemblages as responses to environmental conditions in the Lower Jurassic of Hungary and Romania
Authors: Barbacka Maria , Popa Mihai E. , Mitka Józef , Bodor Emese , Pacyna Grzegorz
Published: June 2015

Two Early Jurassic localities, the Mecsek Mts in Hungary and Anina in Romania, are similarly significant and both floras are of autochthonous/paraautochthonous origin. In the Early Jurassic the Hungarian locality was a delta plain; the Romanian locality was an intramontane depression filled predominantly by a braided river system. The floristic composition of the two localities (52 genera, 120 species), although superficially similar (25 common genera), differs at species level (only 9 common species) as well as in the proportions of taxa in major plant groups. These differences can be explained by differences in environmental conditions resulting from palaeogeographic and topographic factors. Based on previous and recent studies, alpha diversity as well as statistically (DCA, PCA) differentiated ecogroups are compared and discussed. For common species, the GLM method was used to classify them to particular environmental response types. Their environmental requirements in both ecosystems are evaluated. Some of the shared species showed different preferences at the localities, explainable by their broad ecological tolerance.
Record of environmental and climatic changes in middle Pleistocene sediments from Łuków (eastern Poland) on the basis of plant macroremains analysis
Authors: Stachowicz-Rybka Renata
Published: June 2015

Lacustrine sediments at the Łuków site bear a record of the Ferdynandovian interglacial, correlated with Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 13-15, including two warm periods of interglacial rank (climatostratigraphic units Ferdynandovian 1 and 2) separated by cooling/glaciation (Ferdynandovian 1/2). On the basis of plant macroremains analysis, the type of local vegetation in the lake and its surroundings as well as changes in climate, trophic conditions and water level were reconstructed in detail. Ferdynandovian 1 was a time of development of tall sedge swamps. The presence of Najas marina and N. minor also suggests high levels of eutrophication, particularly in the younger part of the climatic optimum. The occurrence of Zannichellia palustris indicates habitats of variable water level and high salt content. In the terminocratic phase of Ferdynandovian 1, the communities showed the reoccurrence of Betula nana, B. humilis and Larix sp., the disappearance of thermophilous trees, and the intensification of succession processes linked to climate cooling. In the cool Ferdynandovian 1/2, Betula nana and Cenococcum geophilum increased their frequencies, most likely due to enhanced supply of mineral matter to the basin. During Ferdynandovian 2, the next climate warming of interglacial rank, communities of aquatic vegetation with the highest share of thermophilous taxa included the extinct Aldrowanda borysthenica, Brasenia borysthenica, and Scirpus atroviroides, as well as Cyperus glomeratus, a species not presently found in the flora of Poland. Another cooling in the Sanian 2 (Elsterian 2) glaciation is indicated by the development of peat communities, with numerous Carex sp., Menyanthes trifoliata, Eriophorum vaginatum, and Andromeda polifolia, accompanied by the extinct Carex paucifloroides, Caulinia macrosperma, and Potamogeton praemaackianus.

The provided description of the Ferdynandovian succession includes taxa which are extinct, not found in the Polish flora nowadays, or characteristic of a climatic context. The identified species included Brasenia borysthenica, Aldrovanda borysthenica, Caulinia macrosperma, Potamogeton praemaackianus, Scirpus atroviroides, Cyperus glomeratus, Eleocharis praemaximoviczii, Nymphaea cinerea, and Ranunculus gailensis. It has not yet been resolved whether the flora of Łuków includes Euryale sp., a particularly important taxon.
Effect of the Rearing System on the Establishment of Different Functional Groups of Microorganism in the Rumen of Kid Goats / Uticaj Sistema Uzgoja Na Uspostavljanje Različitih Funkcionalnih Grupa Mikroorganizama U Buragu Jaradi
Authors: Paez Lama Sebastián , Grilli Diego , Egea Vanina , Cerón Cucchi María , Fucili Mercedes , Allegretti Liliana , Guevara Juan Carlos
Published: June 2015

This study was aimed to determine the effect of the rearing system on the establishment and development of different functional groups of microorganisms in the rumen of kid goats. Fifty kids were fed on goat milk until weaning at 45 (TR, traditional rearing system, n = 25) and 30 days of age (alternative rearing system, AR, n = 25). In addition, only AR group was offered with rumen starter from birth. Both groups consumed alfalfa hay and ground corn between 30 and 90 days of age. Five kids from each group were slaughtered at 21, 30, 45, 70 and 90 days old. It was determined the total number of protozoa, anaerobic, amylolytic and cellulolytic bacteria present in the rumen. Kids of AR were lighter in weight than TR kids between 42 and 56 days old. In both rearing systems, anaerobic and amylolytic bacteria were found at 21 days of age, while cellulolytic and protozoa were not found until 45 days of age. Kids of AR had higher quantities of anaerobic and amylolytic bacteria until 30 and 45 days of age, respectively. These results demonstrate the rearing system does not affect the sequence and time in which the functional groups of microorganisms are established in the rumen. However, the alternative rearing system with early intake of solid food allowed the establishment of greater amount of bacteria and protozoa. Nevertheless, the effect of weaning on growth rate was more marked in kids from alternative rearing system, despite its greater microbiological rumen development.
Morphological Features and KIT Receptor Expression in Canine Cutaneous Mast Cell Tumor and Systemic Mastocytosis / Morfološke Karakteristike I Ekspresija KIT Receptora Kod Kutanih Mastocitoma I Sistemske Mastocitoze Pasa
Authors: Marinković Darko , Milčić-Matić Natalija , Jovanović Milan , Vučićević Ivana , Nešić Slađan , Aničić Milan , Aleksić-Kovačević Sanja
Published: June 2015

Mast cell neoplasia in dogs can occur in two different forms: common as cutaneous tumor, or less common as a systemic form of neoplastic mast cell proliferation - systemic mastocytosis. The aim of this study was to compare the histological and cytological features, KIT receptor expression and presence of c-KIT proto-oncogene mutations in neoplastic cells of dogs with canine cutaneous mast cell tumor (CMCT) and systemic mastocytosis. Microscopical examination of the cytological smears obtained from all selected dogs revealed that cellular specimens were constituted mostly of round cells with a central nuclei and fine to coarse purple cytoplasmic granules. Histopathological examination of skin samples of dogs with CMCT and a dog with systemic mastocytosis showed proliferation of the neoplastic mast cells in the superficial and/or deep dermis. Similar findings were observed in tissue samples derived from lymph nodes, spleen, liver, myocardium and kidneys of a dog with systemic mastocytosis. Three dogs with high grade CMCT as well as one dog with systemic mastocytosis showed cytoplasmic CD117 expression, while 3 dogs with low grade CMCT, had membranous expression of CD117. Based on our study, histological features and cytoplasmic CD117 expression in neoplastic cells of dogs with systemic mastocytosis are similar to those in dogs with high grade CMCTs. Nevertheless, mutations of c-KIT proto-oncogene were not found in tumor samples either from dogs with CMCT or dog with systemic mastocytosis.
Effects of Fish Meal Replacement by Red Earthworm (Lumbricus Rubellus) Meal on Broilers’ Performance and Health / Uticaj Supstitucije Ribljeg Brašna Brašnom Kalifornijske Gliste (Lumbricus Rubellus) Na Proizvodne Rezultate I Zdravstveno Stanje Brojlera
Authors: Janković Ljiljana , Radenković-Damnjanović Brana , Vučinić Marijana , Šefer Dragan , Teodorović Radislava , Đorđević Milutin , Radisavljević Katarina
Published: June 2015

The research was performed to determine the nutritive value of raw earthworms (Lumbricus rubellus) and dried earthworm powder, or earthworm meal (EM). In addition, the effects of a diet in which fish meal was substituted with EM or fresh earthworms on the health and productive performance of broilers were monitored. The experiment, which lasted 42 days, was conducted on one hundred Hybro G broilers divided into four equal groups. The control group was fed a standard feed, whereas, the first and the second one were given diets in which 50% or 100% of fish meal had been substituted with EM. The third experimental group received no fish meal but was given fresh earthworms ad libitum. The results of chemical analyses showed that earthworm meal contained 41.42% proteins (in dry matter) and satisfactory amounts of amino acids. Microbiological examination and tests for heavy metals suggest that earthworm meal and fresh earthworms did not contain heavy metals and harmful bacteria. Therefore, these feeds may be considered suitable for chickens. In the experiment as a whole no statistically significant difference (p>0.05) was observed in the productive performance between the experimental groups of broiler chickens. These results suggest that dehydrated earthworm meal can be an adequate substitute for fish meal in the broilers’ feed.