bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of chlamydia and gonorreheae among transgender women and travestis in five Brazilian capitals, 2019–2021
Authors: Bassichetto Katia Cristina , Sperandei Sandro , McCartney Daniel Jason , Luppi Carla Gianna , Silva Roberto José Carvalho da , Araújo Sandra , Magno Laio , Bazzo Maria Luíza , Hughes Gwenda , Mayaud Philippe , Dourado Inês , Veras Maria Amélia de Sousa Mascena
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT Objective: To estimate the prevalence and factors associated with the detection of Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) in transgender women and travestis in five Brazilian capitals. Methods: Data were obtained from a cross-sectional study conducted between 2019 and 2021, with participants recruited through Respondent Driven Sampling in São Paulo, Campo Grande, Manaus, Porto Alegre and Salvador. Detection of CT and NG was analyzed at three collection sites (anorectal, oropharyngeal and urethral). Mixed logistic regression models were employed to identify associated factors. Results: A total of 1,297 recruited participants provided biological material to detect these infections. The prevalences of CT, NG and coinfection were 11.5%, 13.3% and 3.6%, respectively. Independent associations with CT infections included past (OR=1.73; 95%CI 1.02–2.95), current (OR=2.13; 95%CI 1.23–3.69), and part-time sex work (OR=2.75; 95%CI 1.60–4.75), as well as lifetime injectable drug use (OR=3.54; 95%CI 1.49–8.40). For NG, associations were observed with lifetime injectable drug use (OR=1.91; 95%CI 1.28–2.84) and sexual orientation, including heterosexual (OR=3.44; 95%CI 1.35–8.82), homosexual (OR=5.49; 95%CI 1.89–15.97), and bisexual (OR=3.21; 95%CI 1.06–9.68). Coinfection was associated with use of illicit drugs in the last 12 months (OR=2.34, 95%CI 1.10–5.00), and younger age was associated with all investigated outcomes. Conclusion: Estimated prevalences of CT, NG and co-infection were higher among transgender women and travestis compared to the general population, particularly among younger, individuals engaged in sex work and illicit drug use.
Prevalências de clamídia e gonorreia entre mulheres trans e travestis de cinco capitais brasileiras, 2019–2021
Authors: Bassichetto Katia Cristina , Sperandei Sandro , McCartney Daniel Jason , Luppi Carla Gianna , Silva Roberto José Carvalho da , Araújo Sandra , Magno Laio , Bazzo Maria Luíza , Hughes Gwenda , Mayaud Philippe , Dourado Inês , Veras Maria Amélia de Sousa Mascena
Published: August 2024

RESUMO Objetivo: Estimar as prevalências e os fatores associados à detecção de Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) e Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) em mulheres trans e travestis em cinco capitais brasileiras. Métodos: Os dados vieram de um estudo transversal, realizado entre 2019 e 2021, com pessoas recrutadas por RDS (respondent driven sampling) em São Paulo, Campo Grande, Manaus, Porto Alegre e Salvador. Analisou-se a detecção de CT e NG, em três sítios de coleta (anorretal, orofaríngeo e uretral). Para identificação dos fatores associados empregaram-se modelos logísticos com efeitos mistos. Resultados: Forneceram material biológico para detecção dessas infecções 1.297 participantes recrutadas. As prevalências de CT, NG e coinfecção foram, respectivamente, 11,5, 13,3 e 3,6%. Foram independentemente associados à detecção para CT: trabalho sexual no passado (odds ratio — OR=1,73; intervalos de confiança para 95% — IC95% 1,02–2,95), no momento atual (OR=2,13; IC95% 1,23–3,69) e como atividade parcial (OR=2,75; IC95% 1,60–4,75) e uso de drogas injetáveis na vida (OR=3,54; IC95% 1,49–8,40). Para NG: uso de drogas injetáveis na vida (OR=1,91; IC95% 1,28–2,84) e orientação sexual – heterossexuais (OR=3,44; IC95% 1,35–8,82), homossexuais (OR=5,49; IC95% 1,89–15,97) e bissexuais (OR=3,21; IC95% 1,06–9,68). Para coinfecção: uso de drogas nos últimos 12 meses (OR=2,34; IC95% 1,10–5,00). Ser mais jovem foi associada a todos os desfechos investigados. Conclusão: As prevalências estimadas de CT, NG e de coinfecção foram desproporcionalmente mais elevadas entre as mulheres trans e travestis se comparadas à população geral, especialmente entre as mais jovens, que exerciam trabalho sexual e faziam uso de drogas.
Discriminação por identidade de gênero entre mulheres trans e travestis no Brasil: uma análise de classes latentes e fatores associados
Authors: Magno Laio , Leite Beo Oliveira , Sperandei Sandro , Pereira Marcos , Knauth Daniela Riva , Leal Andréa Fachel , Veras Maria Amélia de Sousa Mascena , Dourado Inês
Published: August 2024

RESUMO Objetivo Identificar grupos de mulheres trans e travestis (MTT) com padrões específicos de discriminação por identidade de gênero (DIG) e analisar os fatores associados à DIG. Métodos Estudo transversal com MTT recrutadas por respondent-driven sampling em cinco capitais brasileiras (2019-2021). Análise de classes latentes foi usada para caracterizar a DIG (em baixa, média e alta) usando 14 variáveis observáveis. Análise descritiva foi realizada e as associações entre variáveis preditoras e DIG foram estimadas por odds ratio ajustados (ORaj), usando regressão logística ordinal. Resultados Do total de 1.317 MTT, 906 (68,8%) responderam perguntas sobre DIG. A maioria apresentava idade ≤34 anos, solteiras e com raça/cor de pele parda. DIG foi classificada em “baixa”, “média” e “alta”, com estimativas de 41,7, 44,5, 13,8%, respectivamente. As variáveis positivamente associadas à maior intensidade de DIG foram: morar em Manaus em comparação com São Paulo; possuir idade £34 anos em comparação com idade >34; estar em situação de rua em comparação com quem mora em casa ou apartamento próprio ou alugado; não ter retificado o nome em documento em comparação com quem retificou; e relato de violência física ou sexual em comparação com quem não relatou. As variáveis negativamente associadas à maior intensidade de DIG foram: raça/cor de pele parda ou amarela em comparação com branca; e renda média mensal <1 salário mínimo em comparação com ≥1 salários. Conclusão Observaram-se alta proporção de DIG em MTT brasileiras e associação desse desfecho com características sociodemográficas mais vulneráveis e histórico de violência.
Carvão, economia e política no sul catarinense: um ensaio inspirado em Gramsci
Authors: Lins Hoyêdo Nunes
Published: August 2024

Resumo Processos de declínio econômico, não raro motivadores de ações institucionais de apoio à reconfiguração de estruturas produtivas, costumam provocar reações dos grupos atingidos em defesa de seus interesses. Experiências registradas indicam ocorrência de articulações entre classes nessas situações, cuja análise tem nas ideias gramscianas sobre hegemonia e bloco histórico importante inspiração e suporte. Este estudo ocupa-se das grandes mudanças ocorridas entre os anos 1980 e 1990 no setor carbonífero do sul de Santa Catarina, área com destaque na produção desse minério. A pretensão é contextualizar a inflexão na trajetória do setor e, recorrendo àquelas ideias de Gramsci, analisar seus desdobramentos, que foram crivados de agudos embates sociais. Nestes, porém, observou-se não só antagonismo de classe, mas também convergência de interesses em certas ações.
Twenty years of the National Higher Education Assessment System – SINAES in Brazil: trajectory, principles, dilemmas and trends
Authors: Oliveira Ivan dos Santos , Rothen José Carlos
Published: August 2024

Abstract The main objective of this work is to promote a reflection on the twenty years of implementation of the National Higher Education Assessment System - SINAES, with a view to carrying out the historical rescue of its formulation and implementation context, in addition to discussing the evaluation principles, the characteristics, tensions, dilemmas and perspectives for the system. It was found that SINAES incorporated into its structure, over two decades, divergent evaluation visions and principles, which bring the evaluation closer to its objective and regulatory aspects. As trends, we see the weakening of institutional evaluation, in loco external evaluation, and of the system itself, as a basis for regulating the provision of higher education in the country.
Better than Nothing? The Idea of “Rough Justice” for Individual Compensation in Disaster Cases
Authors: Temer Thais , Mattos Karina Denari Gomes de , Asperti Maria Cecília de Araujo
Published: August 2024

Abstract When affecting a considerable number of victims, post-disaster remedy processes face significant obstacles related to assessing and measuring the exact extent of individual losses. Recent cases have adopted the concept of “rough justice”, a method also applied to the September 11th Victim Compensation Fund and in transitional justice contexts. While achieving full compensation may be difficult, time-consuming, and sometimes impossible, resorting to “rough justice” can serve as a theoretical framework to legitimize insufficient reparations and the perpetuation of rights abuses. The article examines the application of the “rough justice” paradigm and assesses the relevance of the United Nations Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights (UNGPs) in disaster cases. It focuses on holding companies accountable for compensating damages incurred by individuals. The conclusion emphasizes the necessity for any accepted parametrization to be rigorous, based on solid and transparent methods for assessing the losses of affected individuals and communities. The process should be guided by the needs of those affected and incorporate traditional knowledge, establishing minimum values while allowing for individual adjustments when possible. Furthermore, procedures should be open to review whenever new data arises regarding the impacts of the disaster or the evolving needs of the affected parties, especially considering ongoing and future losses.
A competição política na supervisão judicial do processo democrático: uma análise a partir da decisão do STF na ADI n. 4.650
Authors: Funari Helena Hime , Marques Neto Pedro
Published: August 2024

Resumo Este artigo analisa uma proposta específica de supervisão do processo democrático por cortes constitucionais denominada teoria da competição política. Argumentamos que a teoria oferece insights metodológicos que podem orientar as cortes, inclusive o Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF), na abordagem e resolução de disputas relacionadas à constitucionalidade de regras eleitorais que estruturam o processo democrático. Oferecemos uma releitura da decisão do STF na ADI n. 4.650, sugerindo que uma preocupação estrutural com a preservação da competição política orientou, ainda que de forma nem sempre articulada, as posições das correntes majoritária e minoritária a respeito da constitucionalidade das doações eleitorais por pessoas jurídicas. De acordo com essa releitura, existiriam boas razões para que doações desse tipo não fossem consideradas uma prática anticompetitiva extrema que justifique sua proibição pela via judicial.
Care protocol for reception in an emergency care unit in the context of COVID-19 (2020-2021)
Authors: Faria Mayara Fálico , Henrique-Sanches Barbara Casarin , Soares Adson Hugo Gonçalves , Mazzo Alessandra
Published: August 2024

Abstract Qualitative action-research research aimed to describe the process of reorganizing the care flow of a UPA to face the COVID-19 pandemic, based on the implementation of care protocols. The collective problem was the organization of the care flow for people with the flu syndrome (FS). The study considered the action-research cycles proposed by Tripp (2005). In the planning phase, the flow of care for patients with FS was developed through the analysis of regulations, physical structure, and available resources. During implementation, intersectoral partnerships were established for physical adaptation, training of professionals, and resizing of the team. The planning and implementation process was described based on reports and data were collected from the unit's management equipment and the Municipal Health Department. The evaluation was carried out continuously, based on feedback from the literature and reflected practice. The reorganization of the unit with the implementation of protocols and division of flows showed positive points, such as participation and involvement of the team, review of processes, search for evidence, and intersectoral partnerships; and negative, such as the difficulty in separating FS patients within the physical structure of the UPA.
Protocolo assistencial de acolhimento em unidade de pronto atendimento no contexto da Covid-19 (2020-2021)
Authors: Faria Mayara Fálico , Henrique-Sanches Barbara Casarin , Soares Adson Hugo Gonçalves , Mazzo Alessandra
Published: August 2024

Resumo Pesquisa qualitativa tipo pesquisa-ação cujo objetivo foi descrever o processo de reorganização do fluxo assistencial de uma UPA para o enfrentamento da pandemia de Covid-19, a partir da implantação de protocolos assistenciais. O problema coletivo foi a organização do fluxo de atendimento de pessoas com síndrome gripal (SG). O estudo considerou os ciclos da pesquisa-ação propostos por Tripp (2005). Na fase de planejamento foi desenvolvido o fluxo de atendimentos de pacientes com SG mediante análise de normativas, estrutura física e recursos disponíveis. Durante a implementação, foram estabelecidas parcerias intersetoriais para adequação física, capacitação dos profissionais e redimensionamento da equipe. A descrição do processo de planejamento e implementação deu-se por meio de relatórios e dados coletados dos equipamentos de gestão da unidade e da Secretaria Municipal de Saúde. A avaliação foi realizada de forma contínua, com base na retroalimentação da literatura e da prática refletida. A reorganização da unidade com implantação de protocolos assistenciais e divisão de fluxos evidenciou pontos positivos, como participação e envolvimento da equipe, revisão de processos, busca por evidências e parcerias intersetoriais; e negativos, como a dificuldade na segregação do paciente com SG dentro da estrutura física da UPA.
Vidas activas y cascos rotos: mapeo sistemático de la asociación entre suicidio y deporte
Authors: Orozco-Villa Edisson , Barbosa-Granados Sergio
Published: August 2024

Resumen La cuestión del comportamiento suicida ha ganado relevancia en la actualidad debido a los efectos que tiene sobre los individuos y la sociedad. Aunque este tema ha sido ampliamente estudiado, la relación entre suicidio y deporte ha sido poco explorada en el contexto latinoamericano. Así, se ha hecho evidente que la mayor parte de la producción académica sobre la temática está dispersa en revistas norteamericanas y europeas. En este contexto, el objetivo de este artículo es analizar la asociación entre el comportamiento suicida y el deporte en la producción académica internacional entre 2000 y 2021. Para alcanzar estos objetivos, se realizó un mapeo de la literatura. Se evidenció la importancia del deporte en la prevención del comportamiento suicida y la necesidad de investigar variables contextuales en los procesos que contribuyen a la prevención o desarrollo de la ideación o intento suicida.
Limits and potentialities for health control actions in Hemotherapy services
Authors: Cavalcante Luciana Limoeiro Ricarte , Souza Mariluce Karla Bomfim de
Published: August 2024

Abstract It aimed to discuss the limits and potentialities, from the perspective of managers of Hemotherapy/Hemocenter services, for the accomplishment of actions and the relationships between state and municipal VISA agents/teams with the Hemocenters. From a qualitative approach, eight interviews with managing representatives of hemocenters from different states, distributed in the five Brazilian regions, were used for content analysis. The findings showed a limitation in the dialogue between the institutions; staff change and manager turnover; bureaucratic time; decentralized notification; difficult structuring or absence of the Patient Safety Center, such as limitations. As potentialities: VISA’s role as a collaborator in the qualification processes; planning processes constructed in an articulated and collaborative way; collaboration to carry out training and qualification of teams; professional experience of workers from both institutions to understand the routine of services and improve dialogue. Therefore, the limits and potentialities evidenced from this study reflect on the development of actions, responsibilities and dialogue between the services, which must be considered for the elaboration of strategies and development of articulated and integrated work.
Effectiveness of jute cellulose nanocrystal reinforcement into bio-packaging ‘Sonali Bag’
Authors: Tohora Sharaban , Rahman Md. Latifur , Hasan Mahbub , Jahan M. Sarwar , Hossain Shakhawat , Ruhane Tania Akter , Samadder Rajib , Khan Mubarak A.
Published: August 2024

In an age marked by environmental consciousness, ‘Sonali Bag’ has emerged as a promising substitute for single-use plastic bags, invented in Bangladesh. It is a jute cellulose-based, totally biodegradable, compostable, recyclable, and environment-friendly biopolymer. However, certain physical limitations have hindered its widespread consumer appeal. To address these challenges, this study pioneers the integration of jute cellulose nanocrystals (JCNCs) into Sonali Bag, with the objective of enhancing their physical properties. JCNC, obtained through a meticulous 64% concentrated sulfuric acid hydrolysis process, has been reinforced with Sonali Bag at varying loadings (0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4 wt.%). The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis showed spherical cellulose nanocrystals with high crystallinity and distinctive tear-like features on the nanoparticle’s surface. Furthermore, the SEM micrographs depicted that JCNC loading up to 0.2% helped reduce the pore formation of biocomposite. Moreover, the thermal properties increased significantly, and tensile strength increased by approximately 37% MPa after reinforcing JCNC with Sonali Bag. The water-resistant capacity of 0.2% CNC-reinforced film was about 30% better than other compositions. The JCNC-reinforced composite materials were found to moderate the degradation rate, contributing to the prolonged sustainability of these biodegradable solutions.
Changes in traffic carbon emissions with traffic conditions and their control strategies
Authors: Zhang Xin , Hu Qizhou , Wu Yikai , Bian Lishuang
Published: August 2024

Road traffic carbon dioxide emissions have a significant impact on the atmospheric environment, and changes in traffic conditions can affect these emissions; while changes in traffic state and traffic infarction can reflect traffic conditions, there are also differences in carbon dioxide emissions generated by vehicles operating on different fuels. Therefore, this paper sequentially determines quantitative indicators of traffic states and traffic infarction as well as macro control strategies to improve traffic carbon dioxide emissions. Furthermore, taking the confluence area as the object of analysis, the impact of traffic state and traffic infarction on carbon dioxide emissions is sequentially analysed with actual traffic flow data and statistical methods, and corresponding models are constructed. Meanwhile, based on the analysis results, mainline speed limit control strategies that consider the traffic state and traffic infarction, as well as the control strategy based on the combination of multiple fuel–vehicle combinations, are presented. The analysis results show that changes in both traffic states and traffic infarction can affect traffic carbon dioxide emissions from the mainline and the on-ramps, which can fundamentally affect traffic conditions. Moreover, total carbon dioxide emissions from a combination of gasoline and diesel minibuses decrease with an increase in the ratio of gasoline minibuses.
Writing a way home
Authors: Hayes Laura
Published: August 2024

This article discusses my (impossible) attempt to find a way home by writing a play — Home. Home is constructed by weaving together fragments from my grandmother’s memoirs and my own writing (Thorp 1945, 2016). My grandmother, born and brought up in Myanmar, had never visited Britain until her family moved ‘home’ when she was sixteen, while I moved to Singapore in my thirties. As a child, my grandmother could not return home to Myanmar, while the COVID-19 pandemic meant that I was unable to leave Singapore. By comparing our experiences of being at home, and of not being able to go home, I aim tell a wider story about identity and belonging in migrant experiences that reach beyond our own intimate recollections. In Home, the page becomes a playground where I explore notions of home, identity, belonging, non-belonging, and the trickster nature of memory. This autoethnographic investigation combines my experience of writing Home with theoretical and methodological reflections on it. Through this process, the concept of home reveals itself as embodied, liminal, shifting, and troubles notions of identity and belonging for both my grandmother and me. Extending Sara Ahmed’s notion of home as skin (1999), I suggest that not only can home permeate the skin, but that there is a connection between home and sickness. In attempting to understand my grandmother’s experience of home in her cultural and ethnographic context, I expose my own post-colonial discomfort about her claim that Myanmar was her home. These feelings affect how I select and reuse text from her memoirs, so that I reveal myself to be an unreliable narrator, biographer, and even an unreliable playwright. Ultimately, playwriting becomes a method that allows identity and belonging for my grandmother and I to exist in a third space (Bhabha 1994), both on the page and embodied in a character that is both of us and neither of us.
SIMULTANEOUS HERNIOPLASTY OF INCISIONAL HERNIAS IN COLORECTAL SURGERY
Authors: Bondarenko Andrey , Esin Vladimir , Mustafin Robert , Mukhamedzhanov Renat , Molchanova Yuliya
Published: August 2024

The results of operations in 18 patients with incisional hernias that occurred after obstructive colon resections due to complications of cancer and benign diseases were analyzed. The hernias were eliminated simultaneously with the restoration of the continuity of the colon. 9 patients with large hernias underwent operations with separation of abdominal wall components (component separation). Despite the increase in the duration of operations, their simultaneous execution was not accompanied by significant complications.
Actitud hacia la investigación y su importancia en la elección de la modalidad de tesis para optar el título profesional
Authors: Mamani Benito Oscar Javier
Published: August 2024

El objetivo de esta revisión es destacar la importancia de una actitud favorable hacia la investigación en el proce- so de elaboración de la tesis universitaria. La actitud es una predisposición para aceptar o no un objeto. Sus tres componentes como las creencias (cognitivo), sentimientos y emociones (afectivo) y la disposición conductual o comportamiento (conductual); permiten mediante sus propiedades como dirección e intensidad, mostrar si la actitud que se asume es positiva o negativa, tanto como favorable o desfavorable, en este caso hacia la investigación. En tal sentido la actitud hacia la investigación científica es una predisposición que se antepone al proceso de realización de una tesis; y dado que la conducta depende de las predisposiciones, una actitud positiva propiciará que los problemas se aborden sistemáticamente, que la información y las ideas se evalúen en forma crítica, haciéndose posible afrontar con eficacia el proceso de realizar una tesis de grado.
Design Ideation for Autonomous Reproductive Worm Robot: Inheritance from Biological Worm C.elegans
Authors: Debanik Roy , Rudra Prasanna Banerjee
Published: August 2024

The vast domain of Bio-inspired Robotics has been nourished with several key-themes of design over the years and those are, no doubt conceptually brilliant. The size effect of such bio-robotic gadgets was also tackled through modern-age manufacturing as well as assembly technologies and we have got experimental gadgets like worm robots as outcome. However, in all such prototypes of miniature bio-robots and/or worm robots, the essence of biological science has been missing to date. The concept of bio-inspired team robots having near-identical features, symbolizing biological off-springs was not explored hitherto. We are attempting to provide a novel autonomous assistive robotic system having ‘Mother’ and ‘Daughter(s)’ for use in agricultural fields. Our design has been nucleated from a famous biological worm, namely, Caenorhabditis elegans (C.elegans) which has a fully-developed reproductive system, notwithstanding its length (~ 1 mm.) or even the diameter (~ 50 microns). In this paper, we will report the technological ideation design of a representative ‘Mother-Daughter’ Worm Robotic system by naturally inheriting the reproductive mechanism of the biological C.elegans worm (barring the size effect).
Sanger Tree of Life HMW DNA Extraction: Modified Omega Bio-Tek E.Z.N.A.® v1
Authors: Denton Amy , Howard Caroline
Published: August 2024

This protocol describes the manual extraction and SPRI of HMW DNA from fresh frozen jellyfish samples intended for long-read sequencing using a combination of the Omega Bio-Tek E.Z.N.A.® Mollusc & Insect DNA kit and Sera-Mag™ SpeedBeads. It is effective for approximately 50 to 60% of jellyfish species covered by the Tree of Life Programme for the Aquatic Symbiosis Genomics (ASG) project. This protocol has resulted in successful extractions for a number of species including Mastigias papua, Mastigias albipunctatus, Rhopilema esculentum, Catostylus mosaicus, Cassiopea ornata, Cassiopea xamachana, Mertensia ovum, Bolinopsis mikado, Pseudorhiza haeckeli, Aurelia spp. and Pelagia noctiluca. The output of this protocol is HMW DNA, which depending upon yield and genome size of the species, can be directed towards either HMW DNA Fragmentation: Diagenode Megaruptor®3 for LI PacBio or HMW DNA Fragmentation: g-Tube for ULI PacBio. This protocol was developed through R&D by the Tree of Life Core Laboratory; it was primarily adapted from the Omega Bio-Tek E.Z.N.A.® Mollusc & Insect DNA kit protocol by combining the initial lysis and precipitation (steps 1 to 10) with reduced incubation temperatures, omission of vortexing and the addition of a bead-based extraction using Sera-Mag™ SpeedBeads, as utilised in the Sanger Tree of Life HMW DNA Extraction: Automated Plant Organic HMW gDNA Extraction (POE) protocol. Acronyms HMW: high molecular weight LI: low input ULI: ultra-low input
DNA Extraction from Swabbed Feces for Depositor Species Identification - 2024 v1
Authors: Vargas Karla
Published: August 2024

Protocol developed by the Culver Lab at the University of Arizona to extract DNA from feces for depositor species identification
Archival DNA extraction protocol forinsect specimens from museum collections v3
Authors: Lopes Fernando , Gunter Nicole
Published: August 2024

This protocol can be used to dry specimens from natural history collections to obtain DNA for UCE-seq. The protocol follows the guanidine treatment protocol by Straube et al. (2021), if applying this protocol cite and read the corresponding references from the References section.
UDA-multiome-protocol v1
Authors: Li Yun
Published: August 2024

Droplet microfluidics-based single-cell combinatorial indexing sequencing represents an attractive way to balance cost, scalability,robustness, and accessibility. However, current methods need a tailored protocol for specific modality respectively, which may limit their potential for automation. We introduce UDA-seq, universal droplet microfluidics-based combinatorial indexing for massive-scale single-cell multimodal sequencing. We demonstrate that when necessary, UDA-seq enables effectively generating more than 100,000 single-cell data in a single-channel experiment of droplet microfluidics. Meanwhile, UDA-seq provides a universal workflow foraccomplishing several multimodal tasks, including single-cell co-assay of RNA and VDJ, RNA and ATAC, and RNA and CRISPR guide RNA.
Comparison of en-bloc resection of the bladder wall and tumor with standard transurethral bladder resection in treatment of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer
Authors: Kotov S. V. , Guspanov R. I. , Pulbere S. A. , Khachatryan A. L. , Sargsian Sh. M. , Kraev Yu. P. , Samoylov D. A.
Published: August 2024

Background. Bladder cancer currently poses a major challenge to urologic oncologists worldwide due to its high recurrence rates. Although the treatment of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer does not carry the same risks as the treatment of muscle invasive forms, frequent recurrences and subsequent tumor progression can lead to patients undergoing disabling organ-removing operations with great risk to life and health. Therefore, improvement of treatment methods for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer may make the quality of life of patients with these diseases better.

Aim. To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of en-bloc transurethral resection of bladder tumor (eTURBT) compared with conventional TURBT (cTURBT) in the treatment of patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer.

Materials and methods. The retrospective study included 197 patients with newly diagnosed primary non-muscle invasive bladder cancer who underwent eTURBT (n = 34) or cTURBT (n = 163) at the University Urology Clinic between 2011 and 2021. The groups did not have statistically significant differences in gender, age, and tumor characteristics. Median follow-up was 28.25 months.

Results. Both groups had comparable perioperative indicators, but the quality of the material obtained after eTURBT was better than after cTURBT. Patients with adjuvant intravesical chemotherapy in the early postoperative period had better oncological results compared with patients without it (35.71 % recurrences and/or progression versus 49.12 %) (p <0.05). Additionally, in the eTURBT group the number of recurrences was significantly lower: 14.71 % versus 40.49 % (p <0.05).

Conclusion. In the absence of contraindications for eTURBT, this method of surgical treatment of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer with adjuvant intravesical chemotherapy in the early postoperative period seems more promising with better oncological indicators.
Urachal adenocarcinoma: a rare bladder tumor management
Authors: Pannirselvam M. , Daud M. A. M. , Othman M. F. , Ghazi A. F. N. M. , Tan S. S. , Teh G. C.
Published: August 2024

Urachal adenocarcinoma is a rare and aggressive form of non-urothelial carcinoma. It commonly encountered the bladder at the dome or along its midline. Adenocarcinoma histology with frequent mucinous or signet ring cell features distinguishes it from traditional urothelial tumours. It usually manifests in adults aged 47 to 56, with an even distribution between genders. It constitutes about 0.5 to 2 % of all bladder malignancies. Surgery remains the primary treatment modality in prolonging patients’ overall survival time. We wish to discuss a case of a patient diagnosed with urachal adenocarcinoma.
Clinical and economic impact of modern pharmaceuticals on reducing mortality from hormone-sensitive prostate cancer with high-volume disease
Authors: Avxentyev N. A. , Nyushko K. M. , Makarova Yu. V.
Published: August 2024

Background. One of the modern standards of treatment for patients with metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC) is second-generation androgen receptor inhibitors enzalutamide and apalutamide used in combination with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), as well as darolutamide used in combination with docetaxel and ADT.

Aim. To evaluate clinical and economic effects of using novel pharmaceuticals for treating patients with mHSPC and high-volume disease on reducing prostate cancer mortality in Russia.

Materials and methods. A mathematical model based on overall survival and progression-free survival data from clinical trials and network meta-analysis has been developed. The model describes duration of therapy and treatment outcomes in a 3-year period for combinations darolutamide + docetaxel + ADT, enzalutamide + ADT, apalutamide + ADT, docetaxel + ADT and ADT monotherapy in current practice. Four additional scenarios were considered: Darolutamide, Enzalutamide, and Apalutamide, in which all patients were treated with corresponding pharmaceutical, as well as the Rational scenario, in which the frequency of prescriptions for each considered option was determined by expert consensus. The model was used to estimate the number of lives saved and healthcare system costs when transitioning from the current practice to different scenarios of the proposed practice over a 3-year horizon considering the number of adult patients with mHSPC and high-volume disease who may start the considered therapy annually in Russia.

Results. Every year in Russia, up to 9,092 patients with mHSPC and high-volume disease can initiate therapy with the considered options. Compared to the current practice, in the Darolutamide scenario within 3-year horizon it is possible to reduce mortality from prostate cancer by 2,159 cases (22–39 % reduction in mortality from malignant tumors necessary to achieve the “Health Development” state program goal); in the Enzalutamide scenario by 787 cases (9–14 % reduction); in the Apalutamide scenario by 382 cases (5–7 % reduction); and in the Rational scenario by 1,115 cases (11–20 % reduction). The cost of saving one life in the Darolutamide scenario amounts to 17.8 million rubles, in the Enzalutamide scenario to 61.2 million rubles, in the Apalutamide scenario to 65.5 million rubles, in the Rational scenario to 18.6 million rubles.

Conclusion. The use of second-generation androgen receptor inhibitors in patients with mHSPC and high-volume disease has a significant and quantifiable impact on reducing cancer-related mortality in Russia. Darolutamide is the most cost-effective option among all the considered ones.
Opinions on the Medical and Recreational Use and Legalization of Marijuana in Mexico: Results of a National Survey
Authors: Berenzon-Gorn Shoshana , Saavedra-Solano Nayelhi , Bustos-Gamiño Marycarmen , Mondragón Raquel , Fleiz-Bautista Clara , Carreño Silvia , Medina-Mora María Elena , Villatoro-Velázquez Jorge
Published: August 2024

Introduction. The use of medical marijuana was legalized in Mexico in 2017. In June 2021, the Supreme Court authorized personal marijuana use, as well as its planting, cultivation, harvest, preparation, possession, and transportation for recreational purposes by persons aged 18 and over, decriminalizing its use. Objectives. 1) To determine which variables are associated with favorable opinions regarding medical use, recreational use, and the legalization of marijuana use; and 2) to determine whether there are differences in the variables that best predict support for medicinal and recreational use and legalization of marijuana among marijuana users and non-users. Method. Data are drawn from the 2016 National Survey on Drug, Alcohol, and Tobacco Use, administered to a nationally representative sample of Mexican households. A validated questionnaire was used with questions on demographic characteristics, marijuana use (including the number of times it has been used), respondents’ opinions regarding the legalization of marijuana and recreational use, whether they have been offered marijuana without having to pay for it, perception of risk associated with marijuana use, and excessive alcohol consumption. Results. Being male and having a low perception of the risks of marijuana use are the variables mostly strongly associated with approving medical and recreational use and its legalization, irrespective of whether respondents used it. Other variables associated with approval are age, educational attainment, and income level. Discussion and Conclusion. Legislators and policy makers should consider the full range of public opinion concerning the use and legalization of marijuana and incorporate it into their proposals.
Quality of Life and Medication Therapy Adherence in Primary Healthcare: focus on common mental disorders
Authors: Miasso Adriana Inocenti , Borges Tatiana Longo , de Sousa Nágella Thaysa Bier , Vedana Kelly Graziani Giacchero , de Souza Jacqueline , Santos Manoel Antônio dos , Pillon Sandra Cristina
Published: August 2024

Introduction. Medication therapy adherence is a challenge in the clinical practice of health providers. Objective. To identify predictors of nonadherence to medication therapy and quality of life (QoL) in medication users. Method. A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted at five primary health care (PHC) units in Brazil. Standardized tools included the Self-Reporting Questionnaire, Measurement of Treatment Adherence, and World Health Organization Quality-of-Life-Bref, in addition to a sociodemographic and treatment-related questionnaire. Results. Participants with common mental disorders (CMDs) who used psychotropic medication were more likely to be nonadherent to medication treatment. Sociodemographic variables, presence of a CMD, and psychotropic medication use were key predictors of lower QoL in patients treated at PHC. Discussion and conclusion. The findings of this study could inform interventions designed to improve medication therapy adherence and train public health care professionals to enhance health care.
Consulting as a Form of Support for the Individual Educational Route of a Future Teacher
Authors: Lukashenia Z.V.
Published: August 2024

The feasibility of using consulting for the productivity of the individual educational route of a future teacher as a form of support for the process of its development and implementation within the framework of professional training at a university is presented. The study was carried out on the basis of the integration of analytical methods: content analysis, comparative historical and terminological analysis of scientific literature. Statistical assessment of the reliability of the results was carried out using Pearson’s χ2 test. The historical naturalness of the implementation of the consulting function by the higher school system is substantiated, which ensures that students accept advisory assistance in the form of consulting support. The definition of “individual educational route” has been supplemented with clarifying content in terms of the product of consulting support. The scientific basis for the development of an individual educational route for a future teacher as a set of principles and conditions for their implementation has been identified. Consulting support does not violate the subjectivity of students in choosing educational preferences, but provides opportunities for their correction on a scientific basis.
Evaluation of ovulation by urinary LH surge kits versus transvaginal sonography
Authors: Verma Aruna , Gupta Abhilasha , Chauhan Vibha
Published: August 2024

The study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of urinary LH surge kits and transvaginal ultrasonography (TVS) to detect ovulation in induced cycles and to compare the ovulation rates by both methods.

Prospective observational cohort study on 144 women with anovulatory infertility aged 18-35 years, fulfilling the inclusion criteria were given letrozole for ovulation induction. All were randomly divided into two groups. Group 1 women were asked to check ovulation by urinary LH surge kits and group 2 women were called for follicle monitoring by TVS.

Letrozole has no negative effect on the endometrium; the induced cycle has a larger diameter of follicle (median: 22 mm). In the induced cycle ovulation occurs later compared to normal cycle (D-16) and half of the women had a BMI more than the recommended WHO criteria (average was 25.28 kg/m2). Number of letrozole cycles (p=0.2642), dose requirement (p=0.0812) and pregnancy rates (10.26% versus 18.19%) were comparable in both groups.

TVS is objective, accurate, and thus a standard modality for ovulation detection. LH surge kit is subjective, having more chances of error but can be used as a good alternative in certain settings like women from the remote area, and women having fear of invasive modality.
Neonatal outcomes of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) mothers: A cross-sectional study comparing medical nutritional therapy, metformin, and insulin treatments at a tertiary care centre
Authors: Radhakrishnan Akshaya , Surya B. N , Ethirajan Shanthi
Published: August 2024

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) poses a rising global health challenge, affecting 10-14.3% of pregnant women. This study aimed to investigate and compare neonatal outcomes among mothers with GDM treated with Medical Nutritional Therapy (MNT), metformin, and insulin at a tertiary care center. Understanding the impact of these treatments on neonatal outcomes is crucial for optimal care.

Conducted at a tertiary care center in Chennai, India, this cross-sectional study included 160 GDM mothers identified through medical records from December 2021 to December 2023. Inclusion criteria covered women aged 18 and above, experiencing singleton pregnancies, diagnosed with GDM, and maintaining regular follow-up. Data analysis included birth weight, Apgar scores, neonatal hypoglycemia, and preterm birth rates. Multinomial logistic regression determined adjusted odds ratios.

The study analyzed the distribution of perinatal factors among 160 neonates, revealing that 41.3% were delivered vaginally, while 58.8% were through cesarean section. The majority were preterm, with 118 being appropriate for gestational age.Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (ICU) admission was noted in 34.4% of cases, while 62.7% did not. Neonatal hypoglycemia was observed in 36.3% of cases, and seizures were present in 19.4%. Apgar scores were low in 23.8% of cases.

A multinomial logistic analysis found that the Metformin, Insulin, and Metformin + Insulin groups had significantly higher odds of having a Cesarean section compared to the diet-only group. However, the Metformin group had lower odds of preterm birth, NICU admission, neonatal hypoglycemia, seizures, and AGA. The Metformin group had higher odds of LGA and Apgar score <7 at both the 1st and 5th minutes. No significant differences were found in the odds of preterm birth, NICU admission, or seizures between the diet-only and Metformin groups.

This pioneering South Indian study of 160 neonates born to GDM mothers compared different treatment options. Metformin, alone or with insulin, showed comparable neonatal outcomes to insulin. Caution in GDM deliveries is recommended for optimal well-being. The study emphasizes the need for further research considering maternal outcomes as potential confounders to comprehensively understand GDM treatments and neonatal outcomes.
Correlation of adiponectin and leptin with BMI, blood pressure in patients with preeclampsia
Authors: Harika Vemugadda , Thilak Swathi , Narayanaswamy Radhakrishnan
Published: August 2024

The purpose of our research was to find out how serum levels of leptin and adiponectin are connected with preeclampsia and whether they may be used as biomarkers for the illness.

Thirty (30) normal-pregnant patients and sixty (60) preeclamptic patients were included. Additionally, we included thirty (30) age- and BMI-matched healthy controls. Using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, the amounts of leptin and adiponectin in the serum were measured.

When compared to healthy controls and normal pregnant women, patients with mild and severe preeclampsia had significantly higher blood pressure, body mass index, serum adiponectin, and leptin levels. According to the individual's correlation analysis, blood pressure and body mass index were positively and statically linked with serum levels of adiponectin and leptin.

The study's conclusions suggest that the markedly elevated serum levels of leptin and adiponectin could serve as an indicator of preeclampsia.
A comprehensive analysis of contraceptive safety: Implications for gynecological health and education levels
Authors: Thakur Srishti , Mohi Manjit Kaur , Pathak Nayana , Jafra Pooja
Published: August 2024

The use of contraceptives is essential for lowering the net reproduction rate and stabilizing population growth. Developing countries are characterized by high birth rates and rapid population growth. With lower contraceptive usage rates among eligible couples and resistance towards family planning methods, achieving population stabilization seems challenging. Therefore, this study aims to study the effects of various contraceptive methods on gynecological health and their safety profiles,

The present observational study, was conducted in Department Obstetrics and Gynaecology at tertiary health care centre, Panjab, India. A total of 450 women were evaluated with the help of a pre-designed and pre-tested questionnaire to address knowledge, awareness, and perception of contraception among the rural and urban population in Punjab. The data were collected and analysed.

All the participants were known to the traditional contraception and only few were aware about the modern contraception. Participants preferred tubal ligation (43.78%) over vasectomy (75.78%) and rarely considered hysterectomy (1.11%). Most knew about male condoms (99.56%) but fewer about female condoms (0.44%). Among the participants, 59.78% were aware of contraception side effects. Regarding condom use, opinions were divided, with 48.67% in favor and 51.33% against.

Educated individuals were aware of contraception but not its major side effects. Therefore, we suggest investigating social, cultural, and knowledge aspects to improve understanding.
Endometrial pathology in abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) & role of different techniques of endometrial sampling in evaluation of AUB: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Asalkar Mahesh , Rumani Ilaaf , Supe Mangal , Thakkarwad Smita , Ramesh Sinchana , Shete Sayali Shivkumar , Gautam Amrita
Published: August 2024

: Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB), traditionally defined as uterine bleeding that is abnormal in volume, regularity, and/or timing. It affects 14–25% of women of reproductive age. AUB has a major impact on quality of life of women. Aetiology of AUB may be structural and functional and varies with the age group. Histology of endometrium remains the mainstay in diagnosis of pathology and management of AUB. Various techniques such as endometrial sampling by pipelle, dilatation and curettage (D & C) and hysteroscopy are used to obtain endometrium for histological diagnosis.

A single center prospective cross-sectional study at teaching institute was carried out to include 150 females from 18-70 years presenting with abnormal uterine bleeding. Objective of study was to analyse prevalence of various endometrial pathologies in AUB, symptomatology as well as age wise distribution of various endometrial pathologies in AUB and compare feasibility of different techniques of collecting endometrial sample. Endometrial sample was obtained either by OPD Pipelle brush or Surgical Dilatation and Curettage method or hysteroscopy. Statistical Analysis was done by using Epi-Info-7 software.

Commonest age group presenting with AUB was 41-50 (40%) years, 64% were para 3 or more, Proliferative and secretary changes, 53(35.3%) and 24(16%) cases while endometrial hyperplasia without atypia 18 (12%) cases and with atypia 7 cases (4.7%), endometrial carcinoma 5 cases (3.3%) while endometrial polyp was seen in 8 cases (5.3%). Heavy menstrual bleeding with normal duration was the commonest presentation in 64%. Endometrial sampling technical failure was seen in 2 cases with pipelle biopsy while in 7 cases inadequate sample was obtained with pipelle and dilatation and curettage. Uterine perforation was seen in one case which was managed conservatively.

Technical failure and inadequate sample needs to be addressed considering background high risk factors, TVS imaging, repeat sample and use of hysteroscopy may be offered case to case basis.