bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genetics risk assessment of PALB2 polymorphism (rs249954 and rs152451) with breast cancer susceptibility among the Pashtun population of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
Authors: Gul Sohni , Khan Najeeb Ullah , Khan Hamza , Almutairi Mikhlid H. , Ali Ijaz
Published: March 2024

The partner and localizer of BRCA2 (PALB2) gene play an important role in DNA damage repair and control of many biological processes. The occurrence of specific genetic variations, known as single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), in the PALB2 gene has been identified as a factor contributing to an increased susceptibility to breast cancer. The SNPs in PALB2 (rs249954 and rs152451) are identified and associated with breast cancer risk, however its role remains unknown in the Pashtun ethnic group, making it necessary to explore in this population. This case-controls study included 100 breast cancer patients and 100 healthy controls. The SNPs genotyping was performed using amplification-refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction (ARMS-PCR). The statistical analysis revealed a significant association between the risk allele of rs249954 and an elevated breast cancer risk (P = 0.0001), while rs152451 did not exhibit a significant association (P = 0.07). Heterozygous genotype of rs249954 was linked to increased breast cancer risk (P = 0.0001), whereas rs152451 did not show a significant association (P = 0.08). Mutant genotypes of both the SNPs correlated positively with breast cancer risk (P = 0.002, P = 0.042). Additionally, rs249954 exhibited significant association with Nodal status (P=0.01), Metastasis (P=0.01) and PR status (P=0.01). While PALB2 (rs142451) failed to exhibit significant association with any of the selected demographic and clinical parameters. In conclusion, the risk allele and both the heterozygous and homozygous genotypes of rs249954 were associated with an increased risk of breast cancer, whereas only homozygous mutant genotype of rs152451 exhibited significant association. However, further studies with larger datasets and comprehensive genomic analysis are necessary to validate these findings and explore associations with other relevant SNPs.
Relative-Kinematic Formulation of Geometrically Exact Beam Dynamics based on Lie-Group Variational Integrators
Authors: Herrmann Maximilian , Kotyczka Paul
Published: March 2024

Geometrically exact beam models can accurately describe the statics and dynamics of elastic, slender beams undergoing large deformations. This work introduces a variational integrator for such models based on a relative-kinematic formulation, in which positions and velocities of nodes in the discretized beam are expressed relative to the respective preceding nodes in the kinematic chain. The resulting model is especially suited for applications in robotics and control, since it has a minimum number of states and possesses the same structure as rigid mechanical systems, simplifying the combined modeling of rigid-flexible systems. Moreover, this approach allows to specifically select the modeled deformation modes, avoiding numerical issues associated with stiff, high-frequency modes and greatly increasing numerical efficiency. The proposed model is derived fully variational in the discrete mechanics framework and under consistent consideration of the underlying Lie group structure, which translates into beneficial numerical properties. We provide a detailed treatment of the inclusion of dissipation and propose two solver strategies for time integration, including a linear-time solver based on recursive rigid-body dynamics algorithms. The model is validated and analyzed in detailed simulation studies, which underline its efficiency for the simulation of stiff and slender beams. In the case of light dissipation, a Kirchhoff model in our relative-kinematic formulation achieved computation times between 22 and 219 times faster than the compared Simo-Reissner beam model from literature at the same error level.
Brain Structural and Functional Abnormalities Associated with Acute Post-Traumatic Headache: Iron Deposition and Functional Connectivity
Authors: Nikolova Simona , Chong Catherine , Li Jing , Wu Teresa , Dumkrieger Gina , Ross Katherine , Starling Amaal , Schwedt Todd J.
Published: March 2024

Background
The purpose of this study was to interrogate brain iron accumulation in participants with acute post-traumatic headache (PTH) due to mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), and to determine if functional connectivity is affected in areas with iron accumulation. We aimed to examine the correlations between iron accumulation and headache frequency, post-concussion symptom severity, number of mTBIs and time since most recent TBI.
Methods
Sixty participants with acute PTH and 60 age-matched healthy controls (HC) underwent 3T magnetic resonance imaging including quantitative T2* maps and resting-state functional connectivity imaging. Between group T2* differences were determined using T-tests (p < 0.005, cluster size threshold of 10 voxels). For regions with T2* differences, two analyses were conducted. First, the correlations with clinical variables including headache frequency, number of lifetime mTBIs, time since most recent mTBI, and Sport Concussion Assessment Tool (SCAT) symptom severity scale scores were investigated using linear regression. Second, the functional connectivity of these regions with the rest of the brain was examined (significance of p < 0.05 with family wise error correction for multiple comparisons).
Results
The acute PTH group consisted of 60 participants (22 male, 38 female) with average age of 42 ± 14 years. The HC group consisted of 60 age-matched controls (17 male, 43 female, average age of 42 ± 13). PTH participants had lower T2* values compared to HC in the left posterior cingulate and the bilateral cuneus. Stronger functional connectivity was observed between bilateral cuneus and right cerebellar areas in PTH compared to HC. Within the PTH group, linear regression showed negative associations of T2* and SCAT symptom severity score in the left posterior cingulate (p = 0.05) and with headache frequency in the left cuneus (p = 0.04).
Conclusions
Iron accumulation in posterior cingulate and cuneus was observed in those with acute PTH relative to HC; stronger functional connectivity was detected between the bilateral cuneus and the right cerebellum. The correlations of decreased T2* (suggesting higher iron content) with headache frequency and post mTBI symptom severity suggest that the iron accumulation that results from mTBI might reflect the severity of underlying mTBI pathophysiology and associate with post-mTBI symptom severity including PTH.
Heterogeneous Impact of Oil Prices Shocks on Exchange Rates in Oil Exporting Countries: Evidence of Quantiles-On -Quantiles Approach.
Authors: Joseph ATEBA , Dieudonne EWONDO , Armando ABEGA Daniel
Published: March 2024

In this study, the researchers used the exchange rates returns of both low incomes, emerging and developed majors’ oil exporting countries, and decomposed oil price shocks to study the heterogeneity of the intrinsic dynamic between the two variables in these countries, using the quantile-on-quantile analysis. The findings revealed that, there are important variability of the shocks impacts across the quantile distribution of both exchange rates returns and the different oil price shocks. More precisely, the study revealed the heterogeneity of the different oil shocks impacts (oil aggregate demand, oil supply and oil specific demand shocks) on the exchange rates return of a given country, with the shape of the QQR graphs being different according to the source of shock and the magnitude of oil demand and oil specific demand shocks being more significant than that of oil supply shocks in many of the cases. In the same way, the analysis results also indicate that the dynamic between oil price shocks and exchange rate is heterogeneous across the countries, with the impact of the shocks being more significant in developing countries than it is in developed countries. As well the behavior of the exchange rates returns at extreme values is different from one country to another. From this insight, the researchers recommend an economy diversification mainly for oil developing countries, and country-specific economy policies to mitigate the incidence of oil shocks, as the impact differs from one country to another.
Cohort Builder: A Software Pipeline for Generating Patient Cohorts with Predetermined Baseline Characteristics from Medical Records and Raw Ophthalmic Imaging Data
Authors: Mousavi Sepehr , Garjani Ali , Elwakil Adham , Brock Laurent Pierre , Dherse Alexandre Pierre , Forestier Edwige , Palaz Marine , Seiler Emilien , Duriez Alexia , Martin Thibaud , Wolfensburger Thomas , Schlingemann Reinier , Meloni Ilenia , Tomasoni Mattia
Published: March 2024

In clinical research, the analysis of patient cohorts is a widely employed method for investigating relevant questions in healthcare. Furthermore, the availability of large-scale datasets opens the way for the integration of AI models into clinical practices. The ability to extract appropriate patient cohorts and large-scale datasets from hospital databases is vital in order to unlock the potential of real-world data collected in clinics and answer pivotal medical questions through retrospective studies. However, existing medical data is often dispersed across various systems and databases, preventing a systematic approach allowing access and interoperability. Even when the data are readily accessible, researchers need to systematically combine them to form study-specific cohorts with predefined baseline characteristics, tailored to answer specific research inquiries. This process is costly, repetitive, and error-prone, as it requires sifting through Electronic Medical Records, confirming ethical approval, verifying status of patient consent, checking the availability of imaging data, and filtering based on disease-specific image biomarkers. Our objective is to give the ability to craft study-specific patient cohorts to clinical researchers through an automated data preparation and processing pipeline. We present Cohort Builder, a software pipeline designed to facilitate the creation of patient cohorts with predefined baseline characteristics from real-world ophthalmic imaging data and electronic medical records. The applicability of our approach extends beyond ophthalmology to other medical domains with similar requirements such as neurology, cardiology and orthopaedics.
Digitale Kompetenzen zum Studienstart als Gelingensfaktor im ersten Semester?
Authors: Händel Marion , Fritzsche Eva S. , Bedenlier Svenja
Published: March 2024

Durch die zunehmende Digitalisierung hochschulischer Lehre benötigen Studierende – bereits zum Studienstart – digitale Kompetenzen. In der vorliegenden Studie mit N = 338 Studienanfänger:innen verschiedener Fachrichtungen wurde untersucht, wie stark ihre digitalen Kompetenzen ausgeprägt sind. Außerdem wurden Zusammenhänge digitaler Kompetenzen mit Lernerfolg, erlebter Kommunikation, Studienzufriedenheit und Studienabbruchsintention am Ende des ersten Studiensemesters untersucht. Die Studie zeigte Unterschiede in der Höhe verschiedener digitaler Kompetenzbereiche sowie, dass Kompetenzen zum Teilen digitaler Informationen mit allen untersuchten Variablen in Zusammenhang stehen.
Preventive Function In Social Media Posts On Safety And Emergency Situations
Authors: Bondarenko Tetiana
Published: March 2024

Introduction. In times of martial law, there is a noticeable demand for preventive media texts particularly in social networks informing the community about safety rules and emergency situations.
Research relevance. The Media Relations Department at the State Emergency Service of Ukraine or SESoU prevents or mitigates a potential crisis by informing community about safety rules and regulations. While following the general media standards, in the period of martial law the procedure of informing the public of emergency has several specific features.
Research Methods. The analytical-synthetic method has been used to explore the research background and define the main terms. The method of synthesis and generalization has optimized the theoretical outline. The interview has been used to survey the State Emergency Service employees. The observation and information products analysis method has been used to evaluate the content.
Results. The phenomenon of preventive is substantiated as an interdisciplinary category that serves as an effective mechanism for preventing undesirable consequences and situations. The experience that the regional head departments of State Emergency Service of Ukraine have regarding public preventive information has been studied. The advantages to using social networks to provide prevention and advert risks have been described. The genre-compositional nature used in posts has been studied. The preventive or informational and explanatory types of posts have been identified.
Conclusions. In order to objectively inform and preventively alert citizens to safety rules and emergency situations, it is necessary to actively leverage the potential of social media. Posts should be regularly prepared and published, and materials should be accompanied by the author’s photos and videos, which will help keep the feed active. The social media posts have been interpreted according to their genre characteristics as informational, emotional, ritualistic, exploratory, and argumentative. The preventive, or informational, genre is identified, that is aimed at providing unbiased information about a certain event, phenomenon, fact, and explaining the rules of safety compliance. In terms of composition, posts have a title, the main body, and a conclusion.
Antibiotic study of non-polar microalgae extract Chlorella sorokiniana against gram-positive bacteria
Authors: Ustinskaya Ya. V. , Temnov M. S. , Eskova M. A. , Meronyuk K. I. , Dvoretsky D. S.
Published: March 2024

A study of the antibacterial properties of a non-polar extract of microalgae Chlorella sorokiniana on gram-positive bacteria is presented along with a determination of the minimum inhibitory concentrations of the mixture and the individual metabolites that make up the extract. A regular effect of illumination on the intensity of the antibiotic effect of non-polar microalgae extract on gram-positive bacteria is demonstrated. A mixture of substances extracted from disintegrated cells of the microalgae biomass Chlorella sorokiniana has an inhibitory effect on bacterial growth at a photosynthetically active radiation level of 100±6 μmol photons/(m2×s). The minimum effective amount of the extract is 330±11.09 µg. When analysing the chemical structure of the components of the non-polar fraction extracted from the cells of microalgae Chlorella sorokiniana, the composition of the non-polar extract was shown to include triacylglycerides, fatty acids, o-dialkyl monoglycerides and ethers of sterols or waxes, or trialkyl esters of glycerol. When studying the antibiotic properties of individual fractions of substances, triacylglycerides and fatty acids were found to have an antibiotic effect on gram-positive bacteria. In this case, the minimum effective amount of triacylglycerides is 400±13.37 μg, while that of fatty acids is 600±20.05 μg. The combined effect of a mixture of non-polar extract substances gives the most pronounced antibiotic effect on gram-positive bacteria at a photosynthetically active radiation level of 100±6 μmol of photons/(m2×s). Thus, an increase in antibacterial action was demonstrated when using a mixture of substances of the non-polar extract of microalgae Chlorella sorokiniana at a photosynthetically active radiation level of 100±6 μmol of photons/(m2×s).
Applying individual rigid scleral contact lenses in visual rehabilitation of patients with an irregular corneal surface. Clinical cases
Authors: Ivanova A. V. , Sklyarova A. S. , Khandzhyana A. T. , Khodzhabekyan N. V. , Manukyan I. V.
Published: March 2024

Scleral rigid contact lenses efficiently correct the vision of patients with irregular corneas. Purpose. To study the features of contact correction and visual rehabilitation of patients with irregular corneal surface using individual scleral rigid contact lenses. Results. Three clinical cases of successfully selected rigid individual scleral lenses for patients with an irregular corneal surface that appeared after a penetrating keratoplasty, implantation of intrastromal corneal segments, and eye injury. The expected refractive result was achieved; high tolerance and good adaptation to lenses was revealed. Conclusion. Scleral RCL can be successfully used in patients with irregular cornea to improve visual acuity, reduce the number of aberrations, restore binocular vision and social adaptation.
The normal microbiota of the ocular surface and the connection between the changes in its composition and ophthalmic pathologies
Authors: Rezbaeva G. N. , Orenburkina O. I. , Gimranova I. A. , Babushkin A. E. , Gazizullina G. R.
Published: March 2024

The microflora of the ocular surface serves an important role in the protective mechanisms, since it significantly affects the regulation of immunological activity and the barrier effect against pathogen invasion. The presence of a healthy ocular microbiome causes no eye diseases, and ophthalmic pathologies develop only when anatomical barrier functions and immune status are violated. A healthy eye surface is characterized by a relatively stable and small microbiome diversity. The environment, diet, gender, age and some other factors, such as potential contamination, affect the composition of the microbial flora, complicate its analysis and may affect the results of the latter. Moreover, potentially pathogenic organisms various disorders, including inflammation and methods of treating ocular surface can also affect the composition of eye microbioma. Traditional microbiological studies based on cultivation often reveal a rather low diversity of microorganisms in a particular region. New research methods, e.g. genetic analysis based on rRNA sequencing, indicate a much greater diversity than previously assumed. It has been shown that changes in the microbiota composition occur in blepharitis, conjunctivitis, keratitis, uveitis, dry eye syndrome, age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, myopia, etc.

Currently, there are no clear criteria for describing norms of the ocular microbiome (including fluctuations which should be considered normal during life). The features and impact of the microflora composition on immunity and human body as a whole, in particular, those associated with the intestinal microbiome and their dependence on gender, age, place of residence, etc have not been studied in full.

Further studies of eye microbiome can give answers to all these questions.
Assessment of anti-inflammatory therapy effectiveness in the early postoperative period of cataract surgery
Authors: Bikbov M. M. , Usubov E. L. , Kazakbayeva G. M. , Galimov A. U. , Pokhilko N. I. , Valishin I. D. , Nizamutdinova A. M.
Published: March 2024

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of nonsteroid anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in monotherapy and as part of combination therapy with glucocorticosteroids for the prevention of postoperative inflammation after cataract phacoemulsification.

Material and methods. The study included 75 patients who underwent phacoemulsification with implantation of a posterior chamber intraocular lens. Patients were divided into groups depending on anti-inflammatory treatment: A1 — nepafenac (Nepafenac-Optic), A2 — bromfenac (Broxinac), A3 — dexamethasone (Dexamethasone), B1 — Nepafenac-Optic + dexamethasone, B2 — bromfenac + Dexamethasone. Postoperative inflammation was assessed by the severity of conjunctival hyperemia, pain, Tyndall effect and retinal thickness in the macular region.

Results. The severity of the pain symptom was lower in the nepafenac group (A1) as compared to groups A2 and A3 by 49 and 74 %, respectively. A strong direct correlation with the Tyndall effect was revealed, which was more pronounced in group A3 and amounted to 0.73 points. An increase in the thickness of the retina in the macular region in the early stages after surgery was observed in groups A2 and A3, on average by 30 microns. In the groups of Nonpafenac Optic and combined therapy with GCS, the thickness of the retina remained stable. Cystic macular edema in the early postoperative period was observed in groups A2 and A3 and amounted to 2.6 and 1.3 %, respectively. There was a tendency to higher IOP rates in the GCS therapy groups.

Conclusion. After surgical treatment of cataracts, the Nepafenac Optic significantly relieves the pain syndrome, as compared with monotherapy with bromfenac or dexamethasone. Nepafenac-Optic helps to reduce the severity of inflammation in the anterior and posterior segments of the eye, minimizes the changes in the retinal thickness of the macular region in the postoperative period. The severity of these effects is comparable to the combination therapy of NSAIDs + GCS. Nepafenac-Optic does not increase IOP, has a more favorable safety profile than in combinations with glucocorticosteroids, and reduces the risk of postoperative complications.
The investigation of the association of alleles and genotypes of the polymorphic marker T786C of the eNOS gene at various stages of primary open-angle glaucoma
Authors: Gavrilova T. V. , Kinkulkina A. R. , Avagyan A. S. , Svitich O. A.
Published: March 2024

Purpose: to study the association of the polymorphic marker T786C of the eNOS gene with various stages of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG).

Materials and methods. Peripheral blood of 90 patients aged 56 to 89 yrs (ave. 71 yrs) with POAG stages I, II, III was tested. DNA was isolated using a set of ribosorbents (Synthol company); subsequently, a real-time PCR reaction was performed on a DT-96 amplifier using the set to determine the polymorphic marker T786C in the eNOS gene.

Results. For all groups of patients, the frequency of occurrence of alleles and genotypes was calculated, and the relationship between the emergence of POAG and the presence of an unfavorable polymorphic marker was determined. The main changes were revealed at POAG stages II and III, whilst at stage I no effect of polymorphism T786C of the eNOS gene was observed.

Conclusion. For the first time, a comparative assessment was made of the distribution of alleles and genotypes by the polymorphic marker T786C in the eNOS gene of patients with various POAG stages.
The first experience of parallel measurements of objective accommodation parameters in children with myopia using various instruments: in search of a common denominator
Authors: Neroev V. V. , Tarutta E. P. , Kondratova S. E.
Published: March 2024

Purpose: to study the relationship between the parameters of reflex and tonic accommodation measured using various objective methods.

Material and methods. A comprehensive parallel study of objective accommodation parameters of 57 children (114 eyes) with low and moderate myopia (average -2.6 ± 1.4 D) aged from 8 to 12 years (average 9.9 ± 1.6 years) was carried out on three devices: Grand Seiko WAM-5500K, Acomoref 2 K-model Righton; TONOREF III, Nidek.

Results. Both coincidences and differences of the indicators obtained by different methods as well as their correlations were revealed: positive - between the values of AR in the open field and in the virtual space (r = 0.23, r = 0.2); between the virtual responses to Righton K-2 and Nidek (r = 0.38); direct correlations of the accommodation response with accommodation tones. A correlation of average strength (r = 0.44) was found between the HAT on the Grand Seiko WR-5100K and the CMF on the Righton K2, which allows us to consider them as synonymous indicators. A negative relationship of CMF with PRA and SE refraction was found. A positive correlation of CMF with the rate of progression of myopia and a negative one with PRA suggests that a high CMF is a bad prognostic sign. However, CMF positively correlates with the magnitude of the accommodative response on all three devices. In this case, it turns out that an increase in CMF accompanies an increase in the amplitude of accommodation and, therefore, is not always a troublesome factor. Perhaps we are dealing with the limits of the norm for this indicator, which still need to be studied.

Conclusion. With the help of objective methods of studying qualitatively different characteristics of one process, it is possible to investigate the actual and prognostic parameters of accommodation, which will allow us to offer an individualized approach to the treatment of patients with myopia using optical and drug instruments.
The compliance of specialized medical care of patients with glaucoma to clinical recommendations (CR 96/1 “Primary open-angle glaucoma”) in Russian Federation regions
Authors: Neroev V. V. , Malishevskaya T. N. , Kharlampidi M. P. , Mikhaylova L. A. , Petrov S. Yu. , Zolotarev A. V. , Fursova A. Zh. , Simonenko G. V.
Published: March 2024

The high prevalence of primary open-angle glaucoma, its leading role in the structure of visual disability, and insufficient effectiveness of treatment, prevention and rehabilitation measures require new approaches to providing quality care of patients with glaucoma. It is important to analyze the epidemiological situation, human and technological resources in various regions of the Russian Federation. The paper evaluates the compliance of specialized medical care of patients with glaucoma with the approved clinical guidelines CR 96 “Primary open-angle glaucoma” in the regions of the Russian Federation monitored by the Helmholtz National Research Center for Eye Diseases, based on the material of on-site data collection visits. The epidemiological situation relating to glaucoma, the structure and performance indicators of ophthalmological service departments, preventive measures, human and material resources, and the correctness of statistical accounting and reporting were studied. In most regions, the times of examination and treatment correspond to the regional territorial programs covered by state guarantees. The cases when primary specialized care lags behind is associated with staff shortage at the outpatient level. Practically in all regions of the Russian Federation, diagnostic methods and conservative/surgical treatment techniques with proven high efficiency conform to CR 96/1 “Primary open-angle glaucoma”. Some of the regions, however, are insufficiently equipped for early diagnosis of glaucoma and monitoring its course.
Experimental rationale for the use of thioctic acid and indomethacin in the therapy of the early stage of retinal neurodegeneration
Authors: Neroev V. V. , Pavlenko T. A. , Chesnokova N. B. , Beznos O. V. , Okhotsimskaya T. D. , Panova A. Yu.
Published: March 2024

Purpose: to assess the possibility of using thioctic acid and indomethacin tin eyedrops for the therapy of early stages of retinal neurodegeneration.

Material and methods. The study was performed on 20 Chinchilla rabbits, including 16 rabbits in whom the neurodegenerative process in the retina was produced by intravitreal installation of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), 0.25 mg per eye, and 4 rabbits (8 eyes) served as control. Thioctic acid 0.5% and Indocollir 0.1% were instilled separately and in combination 5 times daily for 7 days after the injection of 6-OHDA. Pupillary light reaction was estimated and eye fundus condition analyzed. Alpha2-macroglobuline ( 2-MG) and SOD activity, dopamine and protein concentrations were measured in retinal homogenates.

Results. Instillations of thioctic acid reduced the retinal damage area almost by half as compared to the untreated group (p d 0.005). Indomethacin was less effective, but the combination of the two drugs brought about a maximal reduction of the damage area (p d 0.05 against the untreated group). Both preparations normalized the disturbed pupillary light reaction. The injection of 6-OHDA caused a decrease of dopamine concentration in the retina (0.050 ± 0.009 pg/mg as against 0.095 ± 0.031 pg/mg in healthy controls, р d 0,05). After instillations of indomethacin and thioctic acid, the concentration tended to increase, and it increased significantly after treatment with their combination (0.141 ± 0.037 pg/mg, p d 0.01 as against untreated animals). The activity of 2-MG in retina decreased after a 6-OHDA injection (2.93 ± 0.42 pg/mg as against 5.5 ± 1.2 pg/mg in healthy controls, р < 0 005) just as they increased the decreased SOD (13.30 ± 5.68 U/mg in healthy controls, 5.41 ± 1.50 U/mg in untreated animals, р < 0.05). Both preparations applied separately or in combination caused a significant increase of 2-MG activity (thioctic acid — 4.19 ± 0.91 pg/mg, indomethacin — 6.95 ± 1.09 pg/mg, combination — 7.25 ± 0.63 pg/mg, р < 0.05 as against the untreated animals) and SOD activity (thioctic acid — 8.25 ± 1.27 U/mg, indomethacin — 29.84 ± 6.63 U/mg, combination — 23.99 ± 3.78 U/mg, р < 0.01 as against the untreated animals).

Conclusion. The combination of indomethacin and thioctic acid in eyedrops is the most effective for the prevention of eye damage caused by 6-OHDA, which makes this method promising for the treatment of eye diseases accompanied by neurodegeneration.
Vertical Vibratory Mixers in Flour-Mixing Technology
Authors: Borodulin Dmitry , Shulbaeva Margarita , Musina Olga , Sukhorukov Dmitry
Published: March 2024

The food industry is currently demonstrating a tendency to substitute traditional high-humidity raw materials with their dry analogues. This research introduces new designs of vertical vibrating mixers that could preprogram flour mix quality. The vertical continuous vibration mixers designed for granular materials showed a good potential for a wider scope of application.

The experiment involved high-quality wheat flour, sugar, salt, egg powder, and powdered milk, as well as three vertical mixers, i.e., a lifting mixer, a flow mixer, and a cascade mixer.

Wheat flour entered the working body of the mixer and came into a stable vibration-boiling state in layers of ≤ 35 mm with a vibration amplitude of 4.5 mm and a frequency of ≥ 20 Hz. The speed rate of the flour increased together with the oscillation frequency of the working body and the size of the perforation area but went down as the layer grew wider. The efficiency increased following the increase in the perforation area on the spiral surface and depended on the maximal thickness of the dough layer. The flow vibrating mixer proved to be the most effective one. The frequency of pulse feeding of ingredients into the mixer was ≤ 50% (Vc ≤ 14.5%) to obtain flour mixes of satisfactory quality while good-quality mixes required 25% average time the particles spent in the mixer (Vc ≤ 6%).

The results obtained can be used to design technological lines for flour mix production.
M3 Sınıfı Bir Elektrikli Otobüsün Farklı Senaryolar Altında Sonlu Elemanlar Analizleri ile Hafifletilmesi
Authors: Özcan Ahmet , Yuce Celalettin
Published: March 2024

Dünya çapında ve ülkemizde yürütülen çalışmalar, taşıtların yaşam döngüsü boyunca enerji verimliliği konusunu, sera gazı salınımındaki artış ve enerji kaynaklarındaki azalmaya bağlı olarak, hammadde aşamasından geri dönüştürülme süreçlerine kadar önemli bir öncelik haline getirmiştir. Özellikle uzun mesafeli yolculuklara hizmet eden toplu taşıma araçları için taşıt ağırlığını azaltmak, yakıt tasarrufunu önemli ölçüde artırmaktadır. Bu taşıtların prototip imalata geçmeden önce sonlu elemanlar analizleri ile doğrulama süreçlerinin gerçekleştirilmesi maliyet ve zaman avantajı sağlamaktadır. Literatürde yapılan çalışmalar incelendiğinde benzer toplu taşıma araçlarının sonlu elemanlar modeli kurularak farklı yöntemler ile incelenmiştir. Ancak sonlu elemanlar modelinin sadece gövde üzerinde oluşturulduğu modellerde gövde karkasına etkiyen kuvvetlerin tam anlamıyla temsil edilemediği görülmüştür. Tüm bunlarla beraber literatürde yapılan çalışmalar genel olarak ticari bir tasarımı içermemekte ve yerleşim planı ve teknik özelliklerin detaylı incelenmediği görülmektedir. Bu çalışmada M3 sınıfı bir elektrikli otobüsün çalışma koşullarındaki davranışlarını incelemek için otobüs gövdesi, akslar dahil olmak üzere tamamını içerecek şekilde modellendi ve hareket halinde en çok maruz kaldığı üç senaryo olan tam yükte 1G ivmelenme, yanal ivmelenme ve ani frenleme ve hızlanma senaryolarında yapısal analizler gerçekleştirildi. Yapılan analizler sonucunda gövde karkasında bazı tasarımsal değişikliklere gidilmiş ve araç ağırlığı azaltılmıştır. Yeni tasarım tekrar aynı sınır şartlarında analiz edilerek doğrulama çalışması gerçekleştirilmiştir. Yapılan tasarım değişiklikleri sonrasında gövde karkasında sol duvar bölgesinde 19,694 kg, sağ yan duvar bölgesinde 17,346 kg, tavan bölgesinde 72,43, şasi ve diğer bölgelerde ise 122,53 kg’lık bir kütle tasarrufu sağlanarak toplamda %7,41 oranında bir hafifletme sağlanmıştır.
Kısa Pistli Uçak Gemilerinden Operasyonel Olarak İHA Kaldırmak İçin Maliyet Etkin Bir Yaklaşım
Authors: Murat Mustafa , Öztürk Fahrettin
Published: March 2024

Havacılık endüstrisi ve savunma sanayiinde uçak gemilerinin operasyonel olarak kullanılması oldukça kritik bir konudur. Günümüzde ise uçak gemilerinin operasyonel konsepti İnsansız Hava Araçları (İHA) ile beraber kurgulanmaktadır. İHA’ların uçak gemilerinin minimum maliyet ile kaldırılması askeri anlamda birçok faydayı beraberinde getirecektir. Değişken hücum açılı kanada sahip olarak tasarlanan bir insansız hava aracı, kısa mesafeli uçak gemisi pistlerinden rahatlıkla kalkabilmesi için uygun bir tasarım öngörülmüş ve bu bağlamda uygun bir matematik model ile hesaplamalar doğrulanmıştır. Yapılan hesaplamalarda ülkemizin en büyük uçak gemisi TCG Anadolu’dan toplam ağırlığı 1425 kg’ı geçmeyen İHA rahatlıkla kalkış-iniş yapabilir sonucuna varılmıştır.
Grafen Katkısının Mikro Ark Oksidasyon ile Kaplanmış 3005 Alaşımının Erozyon Korozyon Davranışı Üzerine Etkisi
Authors: Ayday Aysun , Balaban Yaren , Şimşek Ayça
Published: March 2024

Çalışmada 3005 alüminyum alaşımı, mikro ark oksidasyon (MAO) teknolojisi ile farklı işlem sürelerinde ve farklı oranlarda grafen ilavesi ile yüzey modifikasyonu gerçekleştirilmiştir. Kaplanan numunelerin yüzey karakterizasyonu, faz analizi ve erozyon korozyonu testi gerçekleştirilmiştir. İşlem sonrası alaşımın MAO yöntemi ile başarılı bir şekilde kaplandığı, grafen ilavesi ile daha yoğun bir kaplama tabakası elde edildiği ve yüzeydeki porların azaldığı gözlemlenmiştir. MAO sonrası numunelerde erozyon-korozyon dayanımında belirgin bir artış tespit edilmiştir. Artan grafen oranı ile erozyon korozyonu dayanımının iyileşme gösterdiği raporlanmış ve işlemsiz numuneye göre korozyon dayanımında 17,4% oranında iyileşme olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
Yapay Sinir Ağları Yaklaşımı ile Toprak Kaynaklı Isı Pompasının Performans Analizi
Authors: Duman Netice , Yüksek Ahmet Gürkan , Caner Mustafa , Buyruk Ertan
Published: March 2024

Isı pompaları, binalarda soğutma ve ısıtma için kullanılan konvansiyonel sistemlere verimli ve ulaşılabilir alternatiflerdir. Isı kaynağı olarak toprak ısısını kullanan toprak kaynaklı ısı pompaları (TKIP), ısıtma ve soğutma yüklerini temiz ve sürdürülebilir bir şekilde karşılamak için umut verici teknolojilerdir. TKIP, kurulum ve işletme maliyetleri yüksek olan bir sistemdir. Bu nedenle verimlilik açısından farklı sektörlerde kullanımı uygun olan TKIP sistemini kurmadan performans analizleri yapılabilir olması çok önemlidir. Sistemler kurulmadan önce performans değerlerinin tahmin edilebilecek olduğu modeller ile değerlendirilmesi yaklaşımdan yola çıkılarak, ısı pompası ve sistemin performansı ve yoğuşturucudan atılan ısıyı tahmin etmek için bir yapay sinir ağı (YSA) modeli önerilmektedir. Yapay sinir ağları ile regresyon analizi, girdi ve çıkış verileri arasındaki karmaşık ilişkileri öğrenme yeteneğine sahip bir makine öğrenimi yöntemidir ve problemlerindeki non-lineer ilişkileri etkili bir şekilde modelleyebilir. Sivas ilinde Kurulan deneysel sistem ile ölçülen veriler, YSA'yı eğitmek için eğitim verisi ve test verisi olarak ayrılmıştır ve modelin ilk aşamasında eğitim verisi; ikinci aşamasında ise test verisi kullanılmıştır. Sunulan çalışmada, yatay TKIP’ın performans katsayısını tahmin etmek için çeşitli uygulamalarda kullanılmış ve özellikle sistem modelleme ve sistem tanımlamada yararlı oldukları gösterilmiş yapay sinir ağlarının uygulanabilirliği ortaya konulmuştur. Bu çalışmanın sonucunda, ısı pompası COP R2 değeri 0,9733, TKIP sistemi COP R2 değeri 0,9896 ve yoğuşturucudan atılan ısının YSA modelinin R2 değeri 0,9878 olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Üretilen istatistiksel belirleyiciler üzerinden yola çıkılarak YSA'ların TKIP sisteminde doğru bir yöntem olarak COP tahmini için kullanılabileceği sonucuna varılmıştır.
The Effect of Riblets on the Aerodynamic Performance of NACA 0018 Airfoil
Authors: Güler Emre , Pınar Engin , Durhasan Tahir
Published: March 2024

In this numerical study, riblets on the airfoil were utilized to enhance the aerodynamic performance of NACA0018 airfoil. Riblets of identical height and base length are strategically placed on the suction surface of the airfoil with varying spacing ratios along the flow direction (x) and chord length (c), specifically x/c = 0.3 and 0.7. Four distinct riblet airfoil models are subjected to computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis within an angle of attack range from 0° to 21° at a Reynolds number of Re=1×105. The obtained results are systematically compared with the performance of the plain airfoil. Numerical analyses reveal the significant influence of the spacing ratio on flow control and the overall aerodynamic performance of the airfoil, establishing a direct relationship with riblet spacing. The presence of riblet structures is observed to increase the lift coefficient, concurrently delaying the stall angle up to 19°. Notably, the ribbed structures effectively mitigate the interaction between the laminar separation bubble and trailing edge separation, leading to a reduction in turbulent kinetic energy values.
R290 Refrigerant Performance in a Commercial Refrigerator
Authors: Saraç Turhan , Ünaldı Mahmut
Published: March 2024

In this study, we investigated the impact of the environmentally friendly R290 refrigerant, which has a higher Coefficient of Performance (COP), on the operating performance of the cooling system, as an alternative to the commonly used R404A refrigerant, which has a negative effect on global warming. The boundary conditions in the refrigeration cycle were designed to be -10°C evaporation and +45°C condensation, and the performance of the system referenced in the TS EN ISO 23953-2 standard was experimentally compared for both refrigerants. The temperature and energy consumption values of the M-packs, whose location and quantity are specified in the relevant standard, have been evaluated in terms of the cooling performance of the cabinet. As a result of the study, the heat removal performance of the system using R290 fluid in the condenser showed better results compared to R404A. According to the relevant standard, the system using R290 is in the C and D classes in the energy consumption evaluation.
Load Balance Forecasting Based on Hybrid Deep Neural Network
Authors: Khalaf Hajir , Yıldıran Nezihe
Published: March 2024

Load forecasting is the foundation of utility design, and it is a fundamental business problem in the utility industry. Load forecasting, mainly referring to forecasting electricity demand and energy, is being used throughout all segments of the electric power industry, including generation, transmission, distribution, and retail. In this paper, a long short-term memory network with a hybrid approach is improved with a dense algorithm and proposed for electricity load forecasting. A long short-term memory network is designed to effectively exhibit the dynamic behavior of load time series. The proposed model is tested for Panama study including historical data and weather variables. The prediction accuracy is validated by performance metrics, and the best of the metrics are attained when mean absolute error is 5.262, mean absolute percentage error 0.0000376, and root mean square error 18.243. The experimental results show a high prediction rate for load balance forecasting of electric power consumption.
Foeniculum Vulgare Ekstraktının Altuzan İlacı Kombinasyonu ile A549 Akciğer Kanseri Hücrelerine Karşı Antikanser Etkileri
Authors: Kelleci Kübra , Gölebatmaz Eda , Ihlamur Murat , Abamor Emrah Şefik
Published: March 2024

Kanser, herhangi bir doku ya da organdaki hücrelerin kontrolsüz bir şekilde çoğalmaları sonucu oluşan, vücudun diğer bölgelerine metastaz yapma potansiyeli olan bir hastalıktır. Pek çok farklı kanser çeşidi olmakla birlikte akciğer kanseri dünya geneli en yaygın görülen kanser türüdür. Akciğer kanserine karşı günümüzde kemoterapi, radyoterapi, immünoterapi gibi tedavi yöntemleri uygulanmakla birlikte bu yöntemler kanser hücrelerinin yanı sıra sağlıklı hücreleri de etkilemektedir. Mevcut tedavi yöntemlerin dezavantajı nedeniyle yeni tedavi yöntemlerine yönelik araştırmalar son yıllarda hız kazanmıştır. Son yıllarda üzerine araştırma yapılan tedavi yöntemleri arasında bitki ekstraktlarının kullanıldığı bitkisel terapi teknikleri ön plana çıkmaktadır. Foeniculum vulgare (rezene) ekstraktının akciğer kanseri hücrelerinde anti-tümör etkisi olduğu bilinmektedir. Bu çalışmada Foeniculum vulgare ve altuzan ilaç kombinasyonlarının A549 akciğer kanseri, RAW 264.7 ve THP-1 makrofaj hücre hatlarındaki sitotoksik etkinliği incelenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, Foeniculum vulgare ekstraktının A549 akciğer kanseri hücre hattında öldürme etkisinin olduğu fakat bu etkinin düşük olduğu belirlenmiştir. Foeniculum vulgare ekstraktı ile altuzan ilacı ile hazırlanan kombinasyon terapi yöntemi ile A549 akciğer kanseri hücrelerinde Foeniculum vulgare ekstraktının tek uygulanmasına göre daha yüksek sitotoksik etkiye neden olduğu tarafımızca tespit edilmiştir.
Yukarı Ceyhan Havzasındaki Heyelanların Dağılımının ve Karakteristiğinin Belirlenmesi
Authors: Cihangir Mehmet Emin
Published: March 2024

Yukarı Ceyhan Havzası topoğrafik ve litolojik geçişlerin sık olduğu bir bölgedir. Çalışmanın amacı yerleşmenin, tektonik aktivitenin ve yüzey şekillenmesinin yoğun olduğu sınırları belirlenen alanda heyelanların dağılımı ve temel karakteristiklerini etkileyen faktörleri detaylı bir şekilde incelemektir. Bu amaçla yüksek çözünürlüklü uydu görüntülerinden heyelan envanteri tanımlanmıştır. Envanterin doğruluğu arazi çalışmaları ile sağlanmıştır. Çalışma alanında 441 farklı tip heyelanın havzanın %3,6'sını kapladığı tespit edilmiştir. Heyelanların çoğunun ana tip olarak kayma tipinde olduğu (%70), bunun yanı sıra düşme ve akmalarda belirlenmiştir. Heyelanların büyüklük dağılımının 0,0005 km2-10,1 km2 arasında oldukça geniş olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır. Buna çeşitli jeolojik ve jeomorfolojik süreçlerin etkili olduğu ve farklı mekanizmaların rol oynadığı belirlenmiştir. Bu doğrultuda literatürdeki heyelan ile ilişkilendirilen topoğrafik faktörler ve jeolojik faktörler uzman tarafından çalışma sahasına özgü olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Buna göre eğim, yükselti, rölyef ve topoğrafik nemlilik indeksi topoğrafik faktörlerin heyelan tipine göre farklı seviyelerde heyelanı kontrol etmektedir. Paleo heyelanların dağ-ova arasındaki keskin rölyef geçişinde gelişmektedir. Havzada heyelanlar kumtaşı-çamurtaşı-kireçtaşı birimlerinde yoğunlaşmaktadır. Faya yakın zonda küçük heyelanlar bulunmasına rağmen 06 Şubat 2023 depremleri bu sınırlarda küçük düşmelere neden olmuştur. Heyelanlar dağılım topoğrafik ve jeolojik faktörlerin özelliğine göre değişiklik göstermektedir. Sonuç olarak heyelanların jeolojik, topoğrafik ve çevresel karmaşık etkileşimi sonucunda meydana geldiğini söyleyebiliriz. Bu nedenle çalışmaya ait analizler bölge için heyelan duyarlılık, tehlike ve risk çalışmalarında dikkate alınması açısından önemlidir.
İmamoğlu, Dilekkaya ve Mercimek (Adana) Arasında Kalan Topraklardaki Ağır Metal İçeriklerinin Zenginleşme Faktörüne Göre Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: Akyıldız Mustafa , Suleiman Fatimah
Published: March 2024

Bu araştırmada tarımsal faaliyetlerin yoğun olarak yapıldığı İmamoğlu (Adana) ilçesi ile Mercimek ve Dikilitaş mahalleleri arasında bulunan topraklardaki ağır metal miktarlarının tespit edilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma alanını temsil edecek 29 noktadan 39 adet toprak örneği alınmıştır. Atomik absorbsiyon spektrometre yöntemi ile Hg, Pb, Cd, Cr, Zn, Cu, Ni, Co, As, Mn ve Fe element analizleri yapılmıştır. Dünya sağlık Örgütünün (WHO) toprak standartlarına göre sonuçlar karşılaştırılmıştır. Nikel (Ni) ve Kadmiyum (Cd) elementine ait değerler yüksek çıkmıştır. ArcGis programı ile bu elementlerin bölgedeki mekânsal dağılım haritaları hazırlanmıştır. Antropojen kaynaklı ağır metal miktarlarının etkisini değerlendirebilmek için zenginleşme faktörü (Ef) hesaplamaları yapılmıştır. Bu sonuçlara göre Ni, Co ve Pb elementi için orta zenginleşme gösterirken Cd elementi için çok yüksek zenginleşme göstermektedir. Topraklardaki bu zenginleşmede kullanılan tarımsal ilaçlar ve fosfatlı gübrelerin etkisinin yanısıra Ni elementlerindeki artışta jeolojik birimlerden kaynaklı olabileceği düşünülmektedir.
Cross-Methodological Approach to Realization of Marketing Analytical Function
Authors: Beloborodova A. L. , Kalenskaya N. V.
Published: March 2024

The article explains the necessity to use cross-methodological approach to realization of marketing analytical function that combines methodology of classical marketing research and DataScience methodology. The explanation is based on results of literature analysis, which studies trends of DataDriven marketing development and DataScience; HeadHunter research dealing with assessing the compliance of the competence profile of specialist in the field of analytical marketing with demands of labour market and on results of the authors’ research in the present sphere. Comparative appraisal of efficiency of using classical methods of marketing research and DataScience methodology was conducted at enterprises; benefits and drawbacks of each of them were identified; similar and distinguishing stages of these approaches were found and efficiency of their integration was proved. Progress of Russian companies in realization of marketing analytical function by using DataDriven culture was estimated. Two principle reasons hindering the process of marketing based on data introduction to Russian organizations were named, i.e. non-compliance of competence profile of marketers-analysts//with market demands and uncoordinated investment in technologies aiming at DataDriven approach introduction into the company.
The Approach to Estimating Software Quality Based on Cognitive Model
Authors: Drozhkin A. A.
Published: March 2024

The article studies generally accepted estimation of software quality, which shows its compliance with users’ expectations. The research deals with investigation of software quality and requirements to it and focuses on the fact that software quality depends on its correspondence to GOST R ISO/MEK 25010-2015. It is proposed to use a common model of quality in order to estimate software by analyzing expert appraisals and their aggregation through the mathematic tool of cognitive maps. The use of cognitive maps gives an opportunity to estimate the quality of software product. At the same time we can get a possibility to identify controlled factors of software product quality, affecting which we can increase its target factor of quality. Findings of the research can be used in practice to develop and estimate software quality on different levels of difficulty and specialization.