bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Private and social speech in children with and without Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder within a naturalistic communication setting
Authors: Girbau Dolors , Korhonen Tapio
Published: March 2023

Objective: We analyzed to what extent dyads (pairs) of Finnish children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) may show some limitations in private and social speech production within a dyadic communication setting. Method: Forty children with Typical Development (TD) and 28 children with ADHD from Finland participated in the study. They received a comprehensive evaluation of ADHD and IQ. Their parents answered a background questionnaire. Children were paired according to several variables, including diagnostic status (ADHD/TD) and age (8- or 10-year-olds). We examined private and social speech use within child dyads during play with a Lego set. The speech category analyses included inaudible private speech (muttering and whispering), silence (inner speech), and task-relevant or task-irrelevant private/social speech categories. Results: At 10 years of age, children with ADHD produced significantly less inaudible private speech and task-relevant private speech, as well as more task-irrelevant social speech, than age-matched children with TD. Furthermore, children with TD at 10 years of age produced significantly more inaudible private speech than 8-year-olds with TD. Conclusions: At 10 years of age, children with ADHD demonstrated delayed private speech internalization and difficulties in producing on-task self-directed speech as well as inhibiting task-irrelevant social speech, relative to same-age children with TD during social interaction with a peer. Typically developing children demonstrated a shift toward private speech internalization with age, from 8 to 10 years of age. Cross-cultural issues, setting effects, and clinical implications are discussed.
What is linguistic creativity in schizophrenia?
Authors: Delgaram-Nejad Oliver , Chatzidamianos Gerasimos , Archer Dawn , Larner Samuel
Published: March 2023

Background: In an experiment in which clinicians were asked to identify formal thought disorder (FTD) in schizophrenia based on writing samples, the mania and creative writing samples received more FTD diagnoses than the FTD samples. We conducted a systematic review to see whether figuration, associated with both schizophrenia and creative uses of language, could contextualize these findings.

Methods: This was a systematic review only (PROSPERO ID:116255). We searched AMED, Child Development and Adolescent Studies, CINAHL, MEDLINE, PsycARTICLES, and PsycINFO.

Results. Many studies used figuration tasks to test creativity and vice versa, and key factors affecting figurative language output and processing were positive and negative symptom ratios, IQ, and schizophrenia subtype.

Discussion/conclusion: Our review suggests that the clinicians in the experiment mentioned above perceived FTD as characterized by linguistic markers of verbal and figural creativity that are impacted by FTD itself. FTD is more likely characterized by expressional disfluencies in specific contexts.
Stroke-induced and progressive forms of apraxia of speech
Authors: Code Chris , Tree Jeremy , Ball Martin J.
Published: March 2023

Background: Stylistic differences in language use, as described by sociolinguists, have also been shown to occur in disordered speech and language. In this article, we describe apraxia of speech, and compare stroke-induced and progressive forms of this neurogenic disorder. Method: Audio recordings were made of a client, CS, who had progressive apraxia of speech and progressive nonfluent aphasia. Information from control participants was also available, and use was made of published data from clients with stroke-induced apraxia of speech. Results: A range of results are reported, but in particular the comparative difficulty of spontaneous connected speech as compared to reading or repetition for the client with progressive apraxia of speech. This differed from the findings of those with apraxia of speech from stroke, in that connected speech was much more difficult in the progressive form of the disorder. Discussion/conclusion: We discuss the importance of obtaining a wide range of speech styles when collecting data from clients with a range of communication problems, and how – in the specific case of apraxia of speech – these style differences aid in analysis and diagnosis.
The influence of context on identity construction after traumatic brain injury
Authors: Keegan Louise C , Müller Nicole
Published: March 2023

Objective: It has been widely accepted that positive identity construction after traumatic brain injury (TBI) results in better rehabilitation outcomes. However, there is limited information available on the linguistic resources that individuals use to construct such identities, and how the context in which they are communicating may influence this construction of self. This research uses the tools of systemic functional linguistics to examine the linguistic construction of identity in an individual with moderate-severe chronic TBI. Method: The individual participated in two different conversations, one with a male stranger and the other with a female brain injury researcher, and the conversation transcripts were analyzed using tools of systemic functional linguistics. Results: The identities communicated and linguistic construction of self in both contexts had many similarities. In both conversations, the participant presented a positive perspective of his post brain injury life, and he described similar relationships. Nevertheless, there were also noteworthy differences. With the stranger, he distanced himself from the topic of the injury by not discussing his pre-injury self or his injury-related difficulties. However, with the researcher, he contrasted a negative pre-injury persona with his current, improved post-injury self. Additionally, when conveying information about his relationships to the stranger he projected a more powerful and in-charge identity than with the researcher. Discussion: An analysis of language using systemic functional linguistics can reveal important information about how individuals communicate their identity. Additionally, the identities communicated can be highly variable depending on the conversation partner, the context of the interaction, and sociocultural gender norms. Conclusion: The results suggest that contextual influences on identity construction have important clinical implications for rehabilitation.
Methodological synthesis of research using multi-dimensional analysis
Authors: Goulart Larissa , Wood Margaret
Published: March 2023

Since 1984 when Douglas Biber first conducted a multi-dimensional (MD) analysis, MD analyses have expanded in scope. However, there has yet to be a comprehensive survey of this body of research. This methodological synthesis conducts a large-scale survey of MD analyses dating back to Biber’s (1984) dissertation. An unprecedented total of 230 studies including peer-reviewed articles and dissertations were coded for a variety of study characteristics and methodological choices. The results of this survey show that researchers have made a wide variety of methodological decisions including the choice of tagger, factor loading and communality cut-off values, and types of additional statistical analyses conducted. It was also found that reporting practices of MD analyses have been less than optimal, lacking information necessary for the replicability of the study. The study concludes with a set of recommendations for future MD analyses in relation to reporting practices and the goals of future studies.
Investigating Lexical Effects in Syntax with Regularized Regression (Lasso)
Authors: Van de Velde Freek , Pijpops Dirk
Published: March 2023

Within usage-based theory, notably in construction grammar though also elsewhere, the role of the lexicon and of lexically-specific patterns in morphosyntax is well recognized. The methodology, however, is not always sufficiently suited to get at the details, as lexical effects are difficult to study under what are currently the standard methods for investigating grammar empirically. In this short article, we propose a method from machine learning: regularized regression (Lasso) with k-fold cross-validation, and compare its performance with a Distinctive Collexeme Analysis.
An examination of the lyrical construction of pop music
Authors: Hart Casey , Day George J
Published: March 2023

The current study examines the use of five different dimensions of language in popular music based on the sex of the performer. Theoretically grounded in both social cognitive theory and cultivation theory, the study analyzes popular music as a vehicle for enculturating gender norms within society. Sampling and analyzing over 700 popular songs, the lyrical construction of songs performed by females and males is compared. Similarities are found in many key areas, while differences are identified in the specific areas of power language and social language. Additional differences are identified and discussed when artists perform in mixed-sex groups. Based on the results, a discussion of the prominence of male writers and lack of female representation in the music industry is included.
Judgments of the English and Spanish Supreme Courts
Authors: Granados Meroño Daniel
Published: March 2023

This study aims to explore the differences between English and Spanish judgments in criminal cases from the supreme courts of the UK and Spain using Biber’s Multidimensional Analysis. We compiled a corpus of twenty judgments from the supreme courts of Spain and the UK (ten from each country), whose parts of speech were tagged using the Free CLAWS web tagger and Grampal. The frequency of the eight selected linguistic features was obtained by using the corpus toolkit AntConc. We performed an exploratory factor analysis in both subcorpora to determine the latent structure behind all the linguistic features. Three textual dimensions were found in English: persuasion vs. power distance, subjectivity vs. objectivity, and involved vs. informational focus; and four factors representing three dimensions were found in Spanish: subjectivity vs. objectivity, intertextuality, involved and informational focus. The English corpus has prevalent persuasion, objectivity, and informational focus; the Spanish corpus has no relevant intertextuality scores, a prevalent subjectivity, and informational focus.
Escaping the ‘Mimicking Circle’ in the Teaching Practicum
Authors: Rieker Jacob
Published: March 2023

Grounded in Vygotskian sociocultural theory, the current article examines imitation as a leading activity of development in second language teacher education. The study is centered on a novice teacher in an MA TESL practicum experience who struggled to confront and resolve contradictions surrounding the articulation and enactment of a personally-satisfying teacher identity. Analysis of written reflections collected during the practicum and an in-depth interview conducted two years later revealed how the experiencing of drama arising from imitation, as refracted through the teacher’s perezhivanie and mediated by her mentor teacher, allowed for new understandings to emerge that supported the reframing of her teacher identity. The study concludes by suggesting that the confrontation and working over of dramatic moments supported by appropriate mediation are driving forces in teacher development, and that future research should investigate the experiencing of imitation and other leading activities of development through the lenses of perezhivanie and drama.
Left ventricular global function index: diagnostic and prognostic value in cardiovascular diseases
Authors: Kapustina A. Yu. , Alekhin M. N.
Published: March 2023

Left ventricular global function index (LVGFI) is a novel indicator for assessing LV function, considering the main components of cardiac remodeling, obtained using magnetic resonance imaging and echocardiography. Works with the assessment of normal LVGFI values were analyzed. The review provides data on the diagnostic and prognostic efficacy of LVGFI in various cardiovascular diseases, such as heart failure, myocardial infarction, cardiomyopathy, and amyloidosis. Examples of LVGFI calculation in healthy patients and in those with listed pathologies are also presented.
Sleep-related breathing disorders in patients with heart failure with reduced and mildly reduced ejection fraction: main types and their dependence on heart failure etiology
Authors: Krupichka K. S. , Agaltsov M. V. , Beregovskaya S. A. , Myasnikov R. P. , Drapkina O. M.
Published: March 2023

Aim. To identify and study the nature of sleep-related breathing disorders (SBDs) in a cohort of hospitalized patients with heart failure (HF) with reduced and mildly reduced ejection fraction (EF), as well as to clarify the relationship between SBD type, etiology and severity of HF.

Material and methods. The study included 117 patients with HF with reduced and mildly reduced ejection fraction hospitalized at the National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine from 2019 to 2021. All patients underwent clinical and paraclinical examination, including cardiorespiratory sleep study. Patients were divided into three groups according to the type and severity of SBD: no or mild SBD, predominantly with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and predominantly with central sleep apnea (CSA). Severity of SBD and clinical data were compared between these groups.

Results. A total of 5 patients (4,27%) did not have any SBDs, while 47 (40,17%) were diagnosed with CSA, and 65 (55,56%) — OSA of varying severity. The proportions of patients with moderate and severe CSA and OSA differed insignificantly and amounted to 35,9% (n=42) and 44,4% (n=52), respectively. There were following proportions of diseases related to HF: coronary artery disease (41,88%), nonischemic cardiomyopathy (26,5%), arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (15,38%) and other causes (16,24%) (hypertension, myocarditis, heart defects). We found that reduced EF <40%, end-diastolic volume >210 ml, and ventricular ectopy (>300 extrasystoles/day) were associated with CSA, and body mass index >30 kg/m2 was traditionally associated with OSA.

Conclusion. More than half of HF patients with reduced and mildly reduced EF have SBDs. Decreased LVEF and ventricular ectopic activity are associated with CSA, while increased body mass index is associated with OSA. Consideration of SBD risk factors may improve patient phenotyping for individualized therapy.
Surgical treatment of cardiac echinococcosis: a case report
Authors: Chernov I. I. , Kozmin D. Yu. , Demetskaya V. V. , Magomedov G. M. , Enginoev S. T.
Published: March 2023

Echinococcosis refers is a chronic disease caused by tapeworms of the order Cyclophyllidea. Echinococcal cysts increase in size slowly and are often asymptomatic, and the symptoms of cardiac echinococcosis are nonspecific, which in turn can make diagnosis difficult. Early diagnosis and surgical treatment of this disease is crucial to prevent severe complications. Considering that the heart is affected extremely rarely, we want to demonstrate the successful surgical treatment.
Practical aspects of managing patients with cardiogenic shock
Authors: Novosadov M. M. , Novosadov V. M. , Dzhioeva O. N. , Drapkina O. M.
Published: March 2023

Cardiogenic shock is the leading cause of death among patients with acute coronary syndrome. This pathology is characterized by high rates of inhospital and annual mortality. In Russian literature, data on the prevalence, diagnosis and treatment of patients with cardiogenic shock are limited. Therefore, the main aim of this publication is to increase the awareness of specialists about modern approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of this condition. This review discusses in detail the main causes of cardiogenic shock, aspects of pathophysiology, modern classification, diagnosis, and algorithms for pharmacological and non-drug therapy in patients with cardiogenic shock.
The Effects of Hazelnut Husk Supplementation on Silage Quality, Deterioration, and In Vitro Digestion Parameters in Second Crop Maize
Authors: OKUMUŞ Ahmet , SUCU Ekin
Published: March 2023

The focus of this research was to investigate the effects of hazelnut husk on the low dry matter maize silage quality, microbial profile, deterioration, fiber components, and digestion parameters. Second crop maize was harvested at the milk stage of maturity (26,61% DM) and ensiled in laboratory silos with or without ground hazelnut husk. A total of 18 jars of silage were made utilizing two treatments (control silage and 15% hazelnut-contained silage), three different opening dates, and three replicates. All silage analyses were completed during all of the opening periods. Hazelnut husk increased (P
O QUE CRIANÇAS E ADOLESCENTES FIZERAM DAQUILO QUE A PANDEMIA FEZ COM ELES E ELAS?
Authors: Silva Isabel de Oliveira e , Fernandes Maria Lídia Bueno , Carrano Paulo César Rodrigues
Published: March 2023

Este artigo, que aborda como crianças e adolescentes viveram a pandemia de Covid-19 como experiência geracional, objetiva compreender como agiram diante da reconfiguração da ordem das interações sociais decorrente do isolamento social como medida para conter o avanço da doença e busca conhecer as interpretações de crianças e adolescentes a partir de suas posições geracionais. As discussões têm como base dados de pesquisas com crianças e adolescentes de 8 a 14 anos, residentes em 33 municípios da Região Metropolitana de Belo Horizonte e em 27 Regiões Administrativas do Distrito Federal. Ambas as pesquisas adotaram perspectiva metodológica mista, com métodos qualitativos e quantitativos, com adoção de questionários, como instrumentos de coleta de dados censitários, ampliados com questões e observações abertas. Como síntese indicam-se as preocupações com a dimensão da solidariedade inter e intrageracional. Observa-se ainda que crianças e adolescentes rompem com dicotomias, especialmente aquelas que separam adultos e crianças e expressam sua crítica ao contexto e às ações políticas e individuais dele decorrentes.
New Insights from N-CEN: Liquidity Management at Open-End Funds and Primary Market Concentration of ETFs
Authors: Cai Fang , Chuan Grace , Henry Kevin , Shin Chaehee , Tuzun Tugkan
Published: March 2023

Structural vulnerabilities associated with open-end funds have received increasing attention among academics and regulators over the past few years. Despite the effort by policymakers to enhance the liquidity risk management practices at these funds, evaluating the availability, use and effectiveness of liquidity management tools continues to be a challenging task in assessing vulnerabilities in open-end funds, largely because comprehensive data on open-end funds' access to liquidity management tools remain scarce.
IT Shields: Technology Adoption and Economic Resilience during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Oikonomou Myrto , Pierri Nicola , Timmer Yannick
Published: March 2023

We study the labor market effects of information technology (IT) during the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, using data on IT adoption covering almost three million establishments in the US. We find that in areas where firms had adopted more IT before the pandemic, the unemployment rate rose less in response to social distancing. IT shields all individuals, regardless of gender and race, except those with the lowest educational attainment. Instrumental variable estimates–leveraging historical routine employment share as a booster of IT adoption– confirm IT had a causal impact on fostering labor markets’ resilience. Additional evidence suggests this shielding effect is due to the easiness of working-from-home and to stronger creation of digital jobs in high IT areas.
Exogenous spermidine alleviates diabetic cardiomyopathy via suppressing ROS, ERS and Pannexin-1-mediated ferroptosis
Authors: Sun Jian , Xu Jiyu , Liu Yong , Lin Yitong , Wang Fengge , Han Yue , Zhang Shumin , Gao Xiaoyan , Xu Changqing , Yuan Hui
Published: March 2023

Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a serious complication and death cause of diabetes mellitus (DM). Recent cardiology studies suggest that spermidine has cardioprotective effects. Here, we verified the hypothesis of spermidine's protective effects on DCM. Therefore, db/db mice and primary neonatal mouse cardiomyocytes were used to observe the effects of spermidine. Immunoblotting showed that ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) and SPD/spermine N1-acetyltransferase (SSAT) were downregulated and upregulated in the myocardium of db/db mice, respectively. We found that diabetic mice showed cardiac dysfunction in 12 weeks. Conversely, exogenous spermidine could improve cardiac functions and reduce the deposition of collagens, myocardial damage, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) in diabetic mouse hearts. Our results also demonstrated that cardiomyocytes displayed ferroptosis and then activated Pannexin-1 expression, which resulted in the increase of the extracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Subsequently, increased ATP as a paracrine molecule combined to purinergic receptor P2X7 (P2X7) to activate ERK1/2 signaling pathway in cardiomyocytes and activated NCOA4-mediated ferroptinophagy to promote lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis. Interestingly, spermidine could reverse these molecular processes. Our findings indicate an important new mechanism for DCM, and suggest spermidine have potential applicability to protect against deterioration of cardiac function with DCM.
Acute epiglottitis caused by COVID-19: A systematic review
Authors: Meng Xiangming , Han Chengzhou , Wang Yangyang
Published: March 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused substantial population infections worldwide. COVID-19 has been reported to cause acute epiglottitis (AE); nonetheless, COVID-19-related AE is poorly understood by healthcare workers because of the disease’s low occurrence. This systematic review aimed to improve knowledge of the clinical characteristics of COVID-19-related AE. We conducted a comprehensive search of the literature databases PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Scopus, using various keywords and descriptors such as "COVID-19," "SARS-CoV-2," and "AE" in combination with the AND/OR operator. This review included 11 patients with COVID-19-related AE, all of whom were adults except for one 15-year-old girl. COVID-19-related AE was more prevalent in males, who accounted for 81.8% of patients. Patients with COVID-19-related AE experienced symptoms such as hoarseness, dysphagia, odynophagia, sore throat, and dyspnea. Hoarseness may be one of the typical symptoms of COVID-19-related AE. Five patients with COVID-19-related AE had coexisting diseases, including hypertension, obesity, diabetes, obstructive sleep apnea, Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, and intracranial tumors. Antibiotics and steroids were commonly administered. Five patients with COVID-19-related AE underwent intubation and cricothyroidotomy airway management. Due to the low success rate of intubation, emergency tracheotomy is the recommended option for patients with COVID-19-related AE who present with more severe dyspnea. AE could be an uncommon manifestation of COVID-19, and SARS-CoV-2 infection should be considered as a possible cause of AE. Healthcare workers should be vigilant in recognizing COVID-19-related AE.
Tetiaroa Vegetation Sampling v1
Authors: Moloney Sage
Published: March 2023

Measurement of seedling recruitment for four native woody species, the shade cover of four herbaceous plant species, and coconuts on the Motu Ahuroa in Tetiaroa were conducted by students with the UC Berkeley Island Sustainability Program. The four woody species we observed were Pisonia, Pandanus, Guettarda, and Ipomoea. For the herbaceous species, we observed Asplenium, Boerhavia, Microsorum, and Portulaca. Once we completed our data collection in each transect, we compiled our data to see the effect of rat eradication programs on plant growth.
GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF LOCAL SELF-GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATION
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Ukraine, Teremtsova Nina
Published: March 2023

The article deals with Local Government. As the title implies the article describes general principles of local self-government organization according to the law of Ukraine. The purpose of the article is to study the law of Ukraine on local self-government, how citizens' participation in management can function successfully only if there are already elements of civil society and self-organization. A mention should be made that the problem of studying the principles of local self-government organization is extremely important. The article uses a comparative research method as well as studies the foreign experience of local self-government organization and its principles. The formation and development of local self-government at the present time in modern Ukraine are considered. The result of the study was that due to the study of the law on local self-government, the formation of national local self-government in Ukraine was determined. The modern stage of local self-government in Ukraine is characterized by a critical review of the methodology of the socialist legal system. Special attention is given to reflection of the development of local self-government and communities, which was preceded by another attempt to increasing the role of councils as local state authorities by improving their structure, as well as improving the regulatory and legal support for the functioning of local self-government bodies, namely, important steps on the way to the formation and constitutional and legal consolidation of the foundations of local self-government in Ukraine. As a conclusion, the article states that, according to the European Charter of Local Self-Government, Ukraine has taken on a number of obligations that it has not yet fulfilled in completely, particularly that the local self-government at the level of districts and regions remains incomplete, since the councils do not have their executive structures, in practice the fundamental principles of local self-government provided by the Charter, which are the organizational, legal and financial autonomy of local self-government bodies in Ukraine, have not been fully implemented.
INTERNATIONAL LEGAL GUARANTEES OF SOCIAL RIGHTS: ISSUES OF JUSTICIABILITY
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Ukraine, Sevriukov Denys
Published: March 2023

The purpose of the article is to analyze doctrinal ideas about the nature of human rights, which promoted the idea of the principled unity of rights reflected in international legal provisions, that are strengthening the normative and institutional guarantees of judicial protection of social rights, as well as identifying problematic aspects of the justiciability of such rights is within the focus of the paper. The methodological basis of the research is the general scientific dialectical method of learning social phenomena in their interconnection and development. The formation of guarantees of social rights enshrined in international legal acts, the development of human rights ideology, legally expressed in the principle of the principle of unity of all rights, and judicial protection problematic are studied. It has been proved that the consequence of the international consensus that all human rights are universal, indivisible, interdependent, interrelated, and complementary was the shift of emphasis from discussions about the nature of rights to the types of correlative obligations of the state, aiming at strengthening the guarantees of social rights. It is noted that conventional understanding of the fundamentals of all rights integrates the issue of social rights into the discussions of human dignity, individual autonomy and freedom, which are traditional for civil and political rights. It is concluded that recognition of the principled unity and equal importance of rights transfers the discussion about justiciability of social rights from the presence or absence of sufficient grounds for judicial protection to proper and effective means of dispute resolution. It is stated that effectiveness of the national judiciary as an element of the system of guarantees depends on the ability to provide protection against the devaluation of social rights and the emasculation of their essential content by public regulatory decisions. It is also emphasized that judicious balancing of private and public interests in accordance with correlative positive obligations supports confidence in the judiciary in particular and the state in general.
BASIC TECHNICAL AND LEGAL REQUIREMENTS FOR THE FORMULATION OF LEGAL AND REGULATORY MODELS OF THE PROCEDURE IN THE LAWS
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Ukraine, Dzeiko Zhanna
Published: March 2023

The purpose of this article is a theoretical and legal study of the problem of formulation of legal and regulatory models of procedure in the process of making laws in the context of application of rules and means of legislative technique, which will help to improve realization of rights, freedoms and duties of participants of legal relations. This research is based on philosophical worldview, general scientific and special methods of scientific knowledge. The use of such basic philosophical worldview methods as dialectical, idealistic, material and metaphysical helped to study technical and legal requirements for formulation of normative and legal models of procedure in laws through the prism of the rule of law, effective realization of human and civil rights and freedoms. Among the basic scientific methods of studying this problem can be called: Logical, axiologic, system-structural, system-functional, modeling, forecasting, etc. In this article special methods such as special-legal, comparative law studies and others were applied. Results of the study: As a result of the study, the basic technical and legal requirements to the formulation of legal and regulatory models of the procedure in the process of drafting laws were proposed and disclosed. The main parameters and conditions for the formulation of appropriate legal and regulatory models of procedure are analyzed, among which are the following: The emergence of material and procedural norms should be synchronous; ideally, the procedural norms should be of the same legal force as the material ones; material and procedural rules should be agreed in terms of content; procedural rules should be placed in the same normative acts, which contain material rules, which aim at the implementation of procedural rules; procedural rules should not be applied to the substantive side of material rules, especially to them; procedural rules should be legal, constitutional, legal, democratic, accessible, consistent, defined, predictable, etc.; the legal procedure should provide the degree of detail necessary to achieve the legal result and at the same time be rational; procedural rules should not be bureaucratic; legal procedures should, if possible, have the properties of multivariance and dispositibility; the procedure requires means of providing: legal, material, organizational, etc. The general conclusion is drawn that in the sphere of application of rules and means of legislative technique, including those concerning formulation of legal and regulatory models of procedure in laws, there is a need to form and implement a general systemic approach to application of rules and means of creation and systematization of laws.
RULE OF LAW AND ELECTRONIC LEGAL PROCEDURE: ANALYSIS OF THE RELATIONSHIP
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Ukraine, Nykolyna Kateryna
Published: March 2023

The purpose of this article is to establish the compliance of electronic procedures with the requirements of the rule of law, which is currently the main criterion for the legitimacy of the activities of state authorities. The methodological basis of the scientific work was made up of general scientific and special-legal methods, in particular systemic, analysis and synthesis, formal and legal, and comparative-legal. The author clarified the main approaches to understanding the category of legal procedure, proposed classification criteria depending on the presence of a connection with the legal process into procedural and non-procedural ones. The article examines the peculiarities of improving procedures in the field of law enforcement, particularly judicial proceedings, under the influence of digital transformation. The author formulated the concept of electronic legal procedure as a special type of legal procedure, which is implemented with the help of information and communication technologies, aiming at achieving certain legal consequences and regulated by procedural legal norms and technical norms. The study also provides an analysis and evaluation of the effectiveness of the digital legal procedure, identifies the advantages of using electronic procedures in the period of crisis phenomena, such as facilitating access to justice, increasing the publicity and openness of the judicial process, and significantly reducing the time and material resources of the trial. At the same time, the possible risks of the digital transformation of court procedures in the context of the rule of law are outlined, which are associated with the violation of equal access to justice due to the lack of technical capabilities, ensuring confidentiality, the possibility of using discriminatory algorithms, the lack of procedural opportunities to appeal decisions made by artificial intelligence systems. Thus, the author proposed to develop a holistic concept of electronic court procedures, to establish digital procedural principles and rights of the subjects of such procedures at the regulatory level.
APPROACHES TO UNDERSTANDING LAW IN THE WORKS OF UKRAINIAN DIASPORA REPRESENTATIVES
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Ukraine, Kovalchuk Oleksandr
Published: March 2023

The purpose of this article is to analyze scientific approaches to legal understanding by representatives of the Ukrainian diaspora in different countries of the world. The research identified the most famous Ukrainian lawyers-theoreticians, clarified which positions prevail among them and which characteristic features are inherent in their types of law understanding. In the article the author used a number of general philosophical, general scientific and specifically scientific methods. The use of the dialectical method made it possible to fully and comprehensively reveal the approaches of scientists to understanding law. With the help of historical-comparative method, the ideas of scientists were compared with other scientists in order to highlight certain features in their views on law. The method of analysis and synthesis was manifested in the processing of primary sources, scientific articles and archival materials. In the article the views on the law understanding of the well-known law scientist in the field of theory, philosophy and constitutional law S.S. Dnistryanskyi are revealed. His views on law were dominated by the sociological approach and the ideas of natural law. The peculiarity of the scientific views of F.V. Taranovsky is the combination of positions on the recognition of positive law and its interaction with actual customary law, the nation law, society law, which, although unofficially, but nevertheless plays an important role in the regulation of social relations. M.M. Kovalevskyi considered law as a product of the historical development of society and advocated the idea of close dependence between existing law and one or another economic, political, and religious-ethical system of life. O.O. Eichelman recognized positivism in law, but assumed that the existence of this socially important category was determined not by the will of the state, but by the direct efforts of the nation to self-organize and establish order. Also, the author believed that the emergence of law and its establishment by the state must necessarily be carried out at the expense of control by the relevant social institutions. K.A. Levitskyi's scientific views were positivistic and social in nature. He believed that law arises from the state, its authorities, which, in turn, are elected by the people. Elements of the sociological and positivist approach and ideas of natural law are traced in the views of these scientists.
ADMINISTRATIVE STRUCTURE AND ORGANIZATION OF LOCAL ADMINISTRATION OF BUKOVYNA AT THE END OF THE 18TH – BEGINNING OF THE 20TH CENTURY
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Ukraine, Karpichkov Vitaly
Published: March 2023

The administrative structure of the western Ukrainian lands of the late 18th and early 20th centuries has always aroused an increased interest among representatives of domestic historical and legal science. This is not surprising, because the described period was marked by many important historical events that left an imprint on the organization and social life of the western Ukrainian lands and enriched the history of the Ukrainian people with new political and legal experience. The purpose of the study is a comprehensive historical and legal analysis of the administrative structure and system of local government of Bukovyna in the late 18th and early 20th centuries, when the region was part of the Austrian (and later Austro-Hungarian) empire. The research was conducted by analyzing, systematizing and summarizing information from various historical sources, legal monuments, historical and legal studies of domestic and foreign scientists using general scientific and special legal methods of scientific knowledge, in particular analysis and synthesis, abstraction, generalization, systematic, formal and legal, comparative legal, historical legal and other methods. It was established that the development of the local government system in Bukovina from the end of the 18th to the beginning of the 20th century depended primarily on the administrative status of the region, which changed repeatedly during the entire existence of the Austrian state. Thus, from 1775–1786 the Bukovyna region existed as a military administration, from 1787-1849 as a separate district within the Kingdom of Galicia and Volodymyria, and from 1849–1914 as a separate crown region – the Duchy of Bukovyna. The very system of local authorities and self-government in the towns and villages of Bukovyna was quite simple and effective and had characteristic features in each of the mentioned periods. Bukovyna also received its own regional constitution, coat of arms and representation in the Austrian parliament. Thus, the administrative development of the Bukovyna region stretched over centuries and was accompanied by periodic administrative and territorial transformations and reorganization of the local government system, which caused significant changes in the life of the entire population of the region.
POTENTIAL REASONS FOR THE ECOLOGICAL CATASTROPHE OF THE ODER RIVER IN THE SUMMER OF 2022
Authors:   Uniwersytet Kazimierza Wielkiego, Bydgoszcz, Poland, Babiński Z. , Habel M. ,   Uniwersytet Kazimierza Wielkiego, Bydgoszcz, Poland
Published: March 2023

In July and August 2022, the largest ecological disaster in history occurred on the Oder River. The scale of the catastrophe resonated widely in Poland and Europe. Over 700 tons of dead fish have been caught. Several reasons can be considered as the main cause of the disaster, from extremely low flows lasting over 80 days to exceeding the pollutant loads. The biggest surprise was the presence of biological organisms Prymnesium parvum in the water, which secrete toxins during their death. In this work, one of the potential causes of the rapid deterioration of water quality is presented. Sedimentological conditions that could potentially occur on the Odra River from June to August 2022 are presented. The main groups of pollutants that may be released from sediments to waters are indicated.
Experience of successful treatment of a patient with chronic non-bacterial osteomyelitis (clinical case)
Authors: Tairov Gazinur N. , Toptygina Anna P. , Ochkurenko Alexander A. , Buklemishev Yuriy  V. , Karpov Igor  N.
Published: March 2023

BACKGROUND: Chronic nonbacterial osteomyelitis is a rare autoinflammatory bone disease with periods of relapses and remissions. No etiotropic therapy, diagnostic and treatment standards exist, patients are observed by rheumatologists, immunologists, and orthopedist. They receive symptomatic, anti-inflammatory treatment, broad-spectrum antibiotics, immunosuppressants to control inflammation, which helps to prevent new or to reduce existing pathological foci.
CLINICAL CASE DESCRIPTION: This article describes the effect of immune therapy and osteotropic treatment with zoledronic acid combination in a patient with chronic non-bacterial osteomyelitis. In a clinical observation involving comprehensive examination, including radiological (radiography, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging) and laboratory methods, a positive outcome was achieved using conservative methods of treatment in a patient with chronic non-bacterial sternum osteomyelitis.
CONCLUSION: Thus, a combination of bisphosphonates and immunotherapy may be promising in the treatment of chronic non-bacterial osteomyelitis. However, it is unknown as to how long the remission will last and what treatment program is necessary for the final disease resolution.
Two-stage flexor tendon reconstruction of the fingers in chronic injuries: the history of this a unique method of treatment
Authors: Zolotov Alexandr S. , Dyachkova Julia D. , Sidorenko Ilya S. , Mbeki Joshua A.
Published: March 2023

In 1965 the American surgeon J.M. Hunter published a pioneering work on a new method of treatment (in 2 stages) of finger flexor tendons complex injuries using a special artificial tendon implant at the 1st stage to prepare the fibrosynovial canal. After replacement of the prosthesis with a tendon graft, the walls of the new case provided a nourishing and sliding surface for the tendon graft. The method of two-stage tendon grafting was widely used all over the world. The followers of J.M. Hunter's method are constantly modifying (not substantially) the original method and continue discussions about this treatment method. However, the basic principles of two-stage tendoplasty formulated by the American surgeon remain relevant to this day. The authors analyzed the changes in the treatment tactics and technique of two-stage tendoplasty that occurred during the last decades. J.M. Hunter provided hand surgeons with a unique method of treatment, which made it possible to help the most complex patients who were previously considered incurable.
Surgical treatment of proximal humerus fractures with using the original allogeneic fibula graft: retrospective cohort study
Authors: Vaza Aleksandr Yu. , Fain Aleksey M. , Skuratovskaya Kristina I. , Titov Roman S. , Borovkova Natalya V. , Gnetetskiy Sergey F. , Sharifullin Faat A.-K. , Fain Anton A.
Published: March 2023

BACKGROUND: A proximal humerus fracture (PHF) is quite common and accounts for approximately 5% of all fractures. During surgery, these fractures make it difficult to correctly reattach the bone fragments. Various special techniques are needed for repositioning and stable fixation of the fragments. When considering the most effective ways to facilitate fracture repositioning and prevent secondary displacement, we paid attention to the publications on the use of the fibula graft.
AIM: To evaluate the effectiveness of a new allogeneic bone-collagen graft from the fibula head in PHF osteosynthesis with a plate having angular stability in conditions of bone tissue deficit.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: An original bone-collagen allogeneic graft from the proximal part of the fibula was developed. We carried out a comparative analysis of the treatment results in patients operated on using the fibula head allograft (group O 48 patients, subgroup O1 - 35 patients; period - not less than 1 year after surgery) and the group without using augmentation graft (group K 32 patients). The results were assessed using clinical, radiological, and standardized Constant Shoulder Score; the statistical analysis was also performed.
RESULTS: No patient in group O developed secondary dislocation, while in group K it was noted in 5 (16%) patients. Head collapse developed in 3 patients (7%) in group O and 8 (25%) in group K. Surgery time was shorter in group O than in group K. The mean Constant Scholder Score in subgroup O1 was 78 and in group K 70. Thinning in the cortical layer of the graft and the border disappearance between the spongy part of the graft and the bone tissue of the humeral head were noted in all patients during multispiral CT scanning over time, which was considered a sign of graft remodeling and lysis.
CONCLUSION: In severe PHF with bone deficit, it is possible to perform organ preseration surgery regardless of the patients age and obtain functional results satisfying both the patient and the physician. Our suggested method of severe PHF surgical treatment combined with bone deficit facilitates repositioning, reduces operation time, and decreases the number of complications.
Early results of revision acetabular endoprosthetics using individual designs
Authors: Aleksanyan Hovakim A. , Chragyan Hamlet A. , Kagramanov Sergey V. , Ivanov Artem V. , Ukolov Konstantin Yu. , Polevoy Egor V.
Published: March 2023

BACKGROUND: 3D-printed implants are one of the options for acetabulum reconstruction. The popularity of this technique is increasing every year.
AIM: To evaluate the early clinical, radiological and functional results of revision arthroplasty using individual acetabular components in patients with acetabulum bone defects.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Revision endoprosthetics was performed in 50 patients. There were 36 female and 14 male patients. The patients mean age was 60.413.4 (2389) years. According to the Paprosky classification, the defects in 1 case corresponded to type IIC, in 12 cases to type IIIA, in 37 cases to type IIIB, including 8 cases with violation of the acetabulum integrity. Hip joint function was assessed using the Harris Hip Score (HHS), pain severity using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), and social adjustment using the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC).
RESULTS: Significant improvement was obtained on all assessment scales. The HHS score improved on average from 33.6 to 87.1 points, the VAS scale from 78.1 to 4.7 points, and the WOMAC from 75.8 to 11.6 points. There were 8 cases (21%) with complications in total. In one case with a violation of the acetabulum integrity we observed migration of the sciatic bone from the lower flange of the construct.
CONCLUSION: Thus, the results of the acetabulum reconstruction using individually fabricated acetabular components are promising.
Report on the work of the XII All-Russian Congress of Traumatologists and Orthopedists (December 1–3, 2022, Moscow)
Authors: Mironov Sergey P. , Ochkurenko Alexander A. , Perminov Vladimir A. , Trofimova Alena I.
Published: March 2023

The XII All-Russian Congress of Traumatology and Orthopedics took place in Moscow on December 13, 2022. The main goal of the Congress was to review innovative approaches in the diagnosis and treatment of musculoskeletal system injuries and diseases by leading specialists, scientific researchers and practicing orthopedic traumatologists and orthopedists.