bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Role of Knowledge Management in Enhancing Digital Capability and Driving Innovation in SMEs
Authors: Yutika Fitri
Published: August 2024

The adaptability of SMEs to new technologies is essential for their success in an increasingly competitive market environment. Leveraging digital technology to improve business performance requires strong digital capabilities. Effective knowledge management allows SMEs to enhance their digital capabilities, which not only boosts operational efficiency but also fosters market-relevant innovation. This study explores the role of Knowledge Management in fostering Digital Capability and promoting Digital Innovation among Small and Medium-sized Enterprises in West Kalimantan. Using Structural Equation Modeling, data were collected from 102 SMEs through questionnaires. The findings reveal that Knowledge Management significantly influences Digital Capability and Digital Innovation, with path coefficients of 0.932 and 0.949 and t-statistics of 88.110 and 165.798, respectively. This demonstrates that effective knowledge management can markedly enhance digital capabilities and innovation in SMEs, thereby improving their performance. The study offers valuable insights for policymakers and business leaders. By demonstrating the critical role of Knowledge Management in driving digital transformation, the research provides actionable recommendations for SMEs to invest in Knowledge Management Systems and practices, thereby improving operational efficiency, competitiveness, and adaptability to market changes.
Study of Sodium Ferrate Disinfecting Ability
Authors:   D. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Sarantseva A.A. , Astakhov P.S. ,   D. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Kuzin E.N. ,   D. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia
Published: August 2024

More and more attention has been recently paid to the disinfection of industrial wastewater. Food, petrochemical, pharmaceutical, and other industries cannot directly dump wastewater into the environment, therefore, the wastewater is fed to the deep biological treatment lines. A high level of biological threat and the expanding list of potential pathogens cause the need to search for new highly efficient disinfecting agents. The use of ferrates can be a new step in the improvement of the wastewater disinfection process due to the combination of processes of inactivation of pathogenic microflora and the reactant coagulation on ferric hydroxides generated during decontamination (oxidation). Within the framework of the study, the potential use of sodium ferrate as a disinfecting agent obtained by electrochemical dissolution of iron electrodes in alkali solutions has been confirmed. It has been established that sodium ferrate can effectively inactivate conditionally pathogenic cultures A. niger, B. subtillis which are part of activated sludge symbiosis. The efficient dosing of ferrate for complete inhibition of B. subtillis is 0.5 % mass, whereas for A. Niger it is 15 % mass. It has been proved that microflora inhibition occurs directly under the action of sodium ferrate and not due to the alkali reaction of the medium. Industrial tests of the disinfecting ability of ferrates in relation to wasted activated sludge of industrial wastewater deep biological treatment systems have confirmed the results obtained for individual objects (A. niger, B. subtillis). Based on the results, a conclusion about the potential use of ferrates in the deep biological treatment processes for highly bacteriologically contaminated industrial wastewater has been made. The main advantages of the suggested agent include the low toxicity of metabolites, minimum secondary contamination of treated water, and possible reactant advanced treatment (dephosphorization).
Stock Valuation of Pt. Adhi Commuter Properti Tbk (ADCP) as a Transit-Oriented Development Property Developer
Authors: Fathurrahman Muhammad , Faturohman Taufik
Published: August 2024

Amid global economic uncertainty in 2023, Indonesia focuses on innovative solutions for urban expansion challenges. The government addresses limited urban land and traffic congestion with new LRT infrastructures and Transit-oriented Development (TOD) residences. Bank Indonesia’s efforts to stabilize the reverse repo rate support stability and growth, which could boost housing loan demand and benefit property industries. PT. Adhi Commuter Properti tbk. (ADCP) positions itself to take advantage of rising urban property demand. However, the company lost more than half of its market share after it went public (IPO). The researcher tried to analyze ADCP’s value using DCF, Relative Valuation, and NAV methods to reveal potential undervaluation. This research utilizes secondary data gathered to learn the subject. The data is derived from a comprehensive review of prior research books, related journals, and company financial reports sourced from the Indonesian Stock Exchange (IDX) website and the company’s official website. The data obtained is subjected to quantitative analysis to derive meaningful results.
Impementasi Proyek Penguatan Profil Pelajar Pancasila pada Layanan Bimbingan dan Konseling Bagi Guru BK di Prabumulih
Authors: Rozzaqyah Fadhlina , Yosef Yosef , Putri Rani Mega , Ar Silvia , Rahmi Rahmi , Alrefi Alrefi , Maulana Agung , Ilhamsyah Fatih
Published: August 2024

Pelatihan ini dilaksanakan di Kota Prabumulih bekerjasama dengan Musyawarah Guru BK SMP Prabumulih yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pemahaman dan keterampilan guru BK/Konselor SMP di Kota Prabumulih dalam implementasi Kurikulum merdeka belajar dan P5 dalam pelaksanaan Bimbingan dan Konseling. Metode yang digunakan dalam kegiatan ini berupa pelatihan dan pendampingan dengan bentuk ceramah, tanya jawab, focused group discussion, dan project based learning. Hasil kegiatan ini menunjukan peningkatan poin pemahaman yang sangat signifikan pada hasil evaluasi posttest dan kemampuan dalam menyusun modul proyek penguatan profil pelajar Pancasila dalam layanan Bimbingan dan Konseling.
Pemetaan Estimasi Lahan Terbangun Menggunakan Teknologi Foto Udara Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) di Kelurahan Jawi-Jawi I, Kota Pariaman
Authors: Ismail Muhammad , Prihantarto Wikan Jaya , Susetyo Bigharta Bekti , Widyastuti Widyastuti
Published: August 2024

Informasi geospasial memberikan dampak penting terhadap perencanaan wilayah. Salah satu objek dalam informasi geospasial yang dianggap sangat penting yakni aktivitas manusia yang terlihat dari pola penggunaan lahan. Penggunaan lahan umumnya terdiri atas penggunaan lahan dalam bentuk lahan terbangun dan lahan non-terbangun. Lahan terbangun tersebut yang seringkali bersifat dinamis akibat aktivitas manusia yang intensif. Akibatnya dapat menimbulkan permasalahan kebutuhan lahan masyarakat. Untuk itu diperlukan kegiatan pemutakhiran informasi geospasial berupa pemetaan menggunakan teknologi yang tepat sehingga dalam pengerjaannya lebih efektif dan efisien. Kegiatan ini dilakukan di Kelurahan Jawi-Jawi 1, Kota Pariaman. Tahapan kegiatan dilaksanakan melalui pemetaan dengan menggunakan teknologi foto udara Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV). Acuan wilayah pemetaan menggunakan data Peta Rupa Bumi Indonesia. Hasil dari kegiatan ini adalah peta estimasi lahan terbangun. Peta tersebut dapat dimanfaatkan oleh pemerintah setempat dalam perencanaan tata guna lahan. Selain itu peta tersebut juga dapat digunakan untuk inventarisasi data fisik dan data sosial Kelurahan Jawi-Jawi I secara khusus dan Kota Pariaman secara umum.
Psikoedukasi pencegahan pelecahan seksual serta sosialisasi UU Tindak Pidana Kekerasan Seksual (TPKS) di Pondok Pesantren Sabilul Jannah, Jambi
Authors: Amalianita Berru , Syelvita Rema , Kusaini Utami Niki , Erwin Erwin , Prasna Adeb Davega
Published: August 2024

Pelecehan seksual merupakan ancaman serius bagi lingkungan pendidikan di sekolah, mempengaruhi kesejahteraan siswa dan integritas lingkungan belajar  sehingga diperlukannya upaya untuk mencegah dan menanggulangi pelecehan seksual. Tujuan kegiatan  pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah memberikan psikoedukasi pencegahan kekerasan seksual serta  sosialisasi Undang-Undang Tindak Pidana Kekerasan Seksual (TPKS). Kegiatan dilaksanakan di Pondok Pesantren Sabilul Jannah, Provinsi Jambi. Sasaran kegiatan adalah para santri dengan berjumlah 36 orang. Kegiatan Psikoedukasi memberikan landasan yang kuat dalam mengenali, mencegah, dan menanggapi pelecehan seksual dengan memberikan informasi, keterampilan, dan pemahaman yang dibutuhkan kepada siswa, pendidik, dan staf sekolah. Sosialisasi TPKS, di sisi lain, memberikan pemahaman tentang hak-hak korban dan prosedur hukum yang terkait dengan pelecehan seksual. Dengan memadukan kedua pendekatan ini, diharapkan dapat diciptakan lingkungan pendidikan yang lebih aman, mendukung, dan bebas dari pelecehan seksual.
Functional panel of legal structures
Authors: Lavrenko D.
Published: August 2024

The scientific article proposes to consider the functional characteristics of juridical constructions in rule-making activity. We can note that the functions (directions) of legal constructions can reflect their main role as one of the means of legislative technique. We suggest considering the functions of legal constructions in the prism of the functional panel and provide a new definition by the author. It is considered that almost all legal constructions are one of the most complex means of law-making technique, the essence of which is insufficiently scientifically researched, namely the functional characteristic. Legal regulation and its scope expands every day, even in the conditions of martial law, the writing and application of legal techniques is not canceled. Thanks to the main directions of legal constructions, it is possible to clearly organize social relations in the legal and political plane. Knowing everything about legal constructions, we can facilitate the perception and study of the phenomena of legal reality.
We can note, we have emphasized this in past works, that the legislation contains various types of legal constructions that are studied by branch sciences in the universities of our country. Legal constructions have certain features that characterize their features as means of law­making technique. First, they are a reflection of the structure of certain homogeneous legal phenomena that require legislative regulation.
First of all, it should be noted that the circle of such phenomena is outlined, as a rule, by the legislator himself. In particular, Art. 92 of the Constitution of Ukraine defines and enshrines issues that belong to the subject of regulation exclusively by laws. We can see that, after all, certain general theoretical formations regarding legal constructions are missing. Thus, we propose to consider the latest formation of concepts and their origin. Attention is paid to the current topic of general theoretical jurisprudence, related to the process of construction, modeling, formation of algorithms of legal activity, as well as its correlation with the practical component. The scientific novelty consists not only in the analysis of domestic literature, regarding the characteristics of the main directions of legal constructions, but also in the latest views on the functional panel of constructions. At the same time, the problem of classifications of the functions of legal constructions does not have a large number of developments to date, regarding the study of this issue, but only allows the author to pay attention to the definition of the functions of a legal construction in more detail.
Constitutionalism as a category in the history of legal thought
Authors: Byelov D.M. , Bielova M.V.
Published: August 2024

It is indicated that the construction «constitutionalism» has quite firmly entered the circulation of modern science. The term «constitutionalism» has a humanitarian etymology, but today it is also actively used in the natural sciences. At the same time, the category «constitutionalism» mainly appears in humanities, and its most intensive use is carried out in legal science.
It is noted that almost every modern state has a constitution in the sense of a constitutional structure and established procedures for conducting economic, social, political, legal and other affairs. But the existence of a constitution in the state does not allow us to speculate about its constitutionality. Despite this, the constitutionality of the state is by no means exhausted by the fact that there is a basic law in it, perhaps which establishes a certain compromise of socio­political forces, which establishes one or another state system and competence of authorities. Constitutionality is not limited to the fact that this basic law has a real and practical supremacy over the rest of the laws and can be changed only through a special law-making procedure. These are necessary but insufficient features of constitutionalism. A state can have a constitution, but there can be no constitutionalism, and vice versa.
The authors conclude that, despite all the differences between the above models of constitutionalism, there are general principles that allow us to describe constitutionalism as a legal principle, namely: 1) the supremacy of legal laws and among them the constitution as the basic law; 2) legal guarantees of a person’s rights and freedoms; 3) institutional and legal organization of state power (horizontal and vertical distribution). Moreover, it is worth noting that the universality of these principles is connected precisely with the transition of Western society from a religious worldview to a rational picture of the world as early as the Renaissance and the New Age, which changes a person’s perception of the state and society, with the design of a classical liberal type of civil society, the emergence autonomous personality.
Modern architecture of legal construction for the system of concepts and terms of tax legislation in Ukraine
Authors: Demenko O.Ye.
Published: August 2024

The article explores the development of terminology within the framework of tax legislation in Ukraine. It asserts that contemporary tax legislation in Ukraine is not just a set of rules governing taxation procedures but also a system of terminology that constantly adapts to changes in the economy and legislation.
The architecture of the legal structure of terms and concepts is considered as an organized framework of terminology and concepts specific to a particular legal field or legislation. The term «architecture» is used metaphorically, emphasizing the organization and systematization of elements within the legal construction sphere. The interaction of architecture and terminology forms a robust and effective system of legal concepts, ensuring clarity and precision in legislation. Terminology serves as a tool for precise definition and standardization of legal terms, facilitating their understanding and application.
The article highlights the synergy between architecture and terminology, creating a stable and effective system of legal concepts in tax legislation that takes into account the historical context and is shaped by constant changes in the field.
In summary, the analysis of the terminology of the Tax Code of Ukraine indicates the diversity and modernity of the system of concepts and terms in tax legislation. This includes structured and hierarchical terms for clear systematization, terms that correspond to contemporary technological and economic realities, and terms introduced under the influence of international standardization. It is also essential to consider terms related to tax administration and those characterizing public and civic participation in shaping tax policy. All of this demonstrates the flexibility and adaptability of the system to modern challenges, including the influence of international standards and the development of modern technologies.
The investigation of the terminology of Ukraine’s tax legislation reveals the influence of three key factors on the architecture of the legal system of concepts and terms: a) Ukraine’s accession to international economic and legal associations significantly shaped the architecture of terms, aligning them with recognized international standards; b) interaction with other branches of law, such as civil, administrative, and financial law, contributes to the formation of a common terminological base, crucial for ensuring systematicity and unity of the legal space; c) the impact of modern technologies, especially in the era of digital development, enhances the architecture of terms through the implementation of information systems and online resources.
The principle of humanism in criminal law
Authors: Likhovitskyi J.O.
Published: August 2024

It is indicated that humanism is based on natural human qualities that create and support it. The main one is humanity, or humanity, which includes compassion, care and attention to other people, the desire to preserve and improve the habitat, as well as respect and good attitude to all living things. Humanism covers not only ideas, but also rules of life, forming a worldview that offers individuals certain norms of behavior.
It is noted that the reform of the criminal law and the penitentiary system, taking into account the humanization of such legal institutions as the execution and serving of punishments, made it possible to bring domestic legislation closer to international standards in this area. The need to humanize the serving of punishment as a condition for ensuring the legal status of convicts is due to several factors: increased attention to the legal status of the individual, since a person, his rights and freedoms are the highest value; the need to include the convict in the system of socially beneficial public relations; humanization of the activity of the criminal enforcement system, which involves respect for the rights, freedoms and dignity of the person, the openness of the system, as well as constructive cooperation with various social, human rights, religious and other organizations.
As a result, the author claims, the process of humanizing the criminal-executive system as a whole in the conditions of its reformation is long and multi-staged. The positive outcome of this process is significantly influenced by changes in the economic, social, legal and other spheres, as well as criminal and criminal enforcement policies carried out by the state. Thus, in order to form in convicts the skills of a law-abiding lifestyle, the penitentiary system should be a model for them in the field of observing human rights and basic freedoms. Humanization has nothing to do with impunity and permissiveness. Humane treatment of the convict should be considered as an opportunity that gives a chance to return to society as a law-abiding citizen. This, in particular, includes the possibility in the process of corrective influence to restore lost socially useful connections.
Legal protection of Ukrainian citizens in Poland: social rights of refugees
Authors: Bryankin A.S.
Published: August 2024

The article conducts a scientific and practical study of social and legal aspects of the protection of Ukrainian refugees in Poland. One of the most important aspects of this assistance is the provision of housing and other social needs for Ukrainians who have received the legal status of PESEL UKR in Poland. Ukrainians with PESEL UKR have the right to free medical care, and in the field of education, school-age children have the right to free education in Polish schools. Many refugees face obstacles in obtaining them, such as: bureaucratic obstacles, insufficient information support and non-transparent procedures for obtaining guarantees, which calls into question their real availability and effectiveness. In addition, refugees often face difficulties in finding a job or receiving the necessary assistance due to the insufficient level of financial support in the provision of social services. Unfortunately, late access to these opportunities becomes a major handicap in the integration of refugees into the new society.
International legal documents in the field of refugee protection have been analyzed, in particular the Geneva Convention on the Status of Refugees and other relevant normative legal acts, which establish the rights and obligations of states regarding the protection of asylum seekers. The signatory countries of the Geneva Convention are obliged to provide refugees not only with asylum, but also to ensure their rights, including social rights.
It was established that the mechanism and policy of ensuring the social rights of refugees in Poland needs further both normative and practical improvement. The following solutions were proposed: simplification of the procedure for obtaining refugee status and social benefits through organizational and legal reform; ensuring adequate financial support for important social needs of refugees, such as housing; strengthening of informational support and awareness of refugees.
Convalidation of a deed committed under the influence of an error
Authors: Bus K.
Published: August 2024

Scientific research covers legal issues related to the convalidation of a deed committed under the influence of a mistake, as one of the galaxy of defective legal acts according to the criterion of will.
The relevance of the study lies in the lack of a systematic and comprehensive study of the issue related to the convalidation of a deed committed under the influence of a mistake, which necessitates the need to turn to the pages of legal literature, which contain the scientific concepts of domestic civilian scientists, as well as, of course, to the current legislation and legal positions of national courts, which provided a legal assessment of legal relations in similar situations. Such a multifaceted approach will provide a clearer understanding of the possibility of applying the procedure for convalidating a deed committed under the influence of an error.
Carrying out scientific research, the author analyzed the works of Ukrainian scientists, national legislation, as well as judicial practice in order to clarify the legal nature of the deed committed under the influence of a mistake, as well as cases in which such a deed can probably be «cured», that is, convalidated.
Based on the results of the research, the author came to the conclusion that modern civil legislation, under certain conditions and circumstances, allows and does not prohibit the convalidation of a deed made under the influence of a mistake, which in turn will ensure the existence, performance and receipt of legitimate consequences by bona fide participants of contractual obligations.
The author is convinced that convalidation can be applied to a deed committed under the influence of an error, taking into account the current version of Article 229 of the Civil Code of Ukraine, which uses such approaches in distinguishing the meaning of an error as «significance» and «irrelevance». The study takes into account that the modern Ukrainian legislator uses a technical- legal method «of no significant importance» regarding the motives of the deed. The author believes that the legal issue of convalidation of a deed committed under the influence of a mistake deserves separate attention and legal coverage on the pages of the Civil Code of Ukraine.
Civil procedural capacity as a condition for exercising the right to sue in civil proceedings
Authors: Vatras V.A. , Nechiporuk L.D.
Published: August 2024

The article examines the conditions for exercising the right to sue in civil proceedings, - the presence of civil procedural capacity in the plaintiff. It is noted that the plaintiff can personally exercise the right to sue or with the help of court representatives. However, in any case, he must have civil procedural capacity, since, if a lawyer will act on his behalf, the latter must be authorized to conduct a civil case in the interests of the plaintiff. The authorization assumes that the principal has legal capacity.
It is claimed that the plaintiff’s civil procedural legal capacity together with his civil procedural legal capacity form the civil procedural legal personality of the plaintiff. Civil procedural legal personality of the plaintiff is one of the prerequisites for his entry into civil procedural legal relations.
It should be noted that the method of verifying the civil procedural capacity of the plaintiff depends on his identity: physical or legal.
If the plaintiff acts as a legal entity, his civil procedural legal capacity arises simultaneously with civil procedural legal capacity, that is, at the time of creation of the legal entity. The role of the court in verifying the civil procedural capacity of the plaintiff-legal entity according to the identification code of the EDRPOU is noted.
If the plaintiff is a natural person, the occurrence of civil procedural legal capacity in him is regulated by general and special rules. In the future, these rules are analyzed based on the materials of civil procedural and substantive legislation. It is noted that the special rules for the emergence of civil procedural legal capacity in the plaintiff-individual are related to its acquisition and the possibility of its implementation.
It is noted that there are gaps in the legislation in regulating the acquisition of civil procedural legal capacity by the plaintiff-individual and the inconsistency of this issue in the acts of civil procedural and material legislation.
Implementation of the right to family-based forms of education under martial law
Authors: Grytsyshyna L.
Published: August 2024

The paper is dedicated to issues on the implementation of the right to family-based forms of education under martial law. It is stressed, the principle of the priority of the family education is ensured normatively in the Family Legislation of Ukraine. Family education ensures a possibility to provide an appropriate physical, moral, intellectual and social development of the child. It is outlined, the most important task of the state is to get the family out of difficult life circumstances for further full-fledged parental care for children. Issues on the implementation of the right to family-based forms of education become especially sharp under specifical circumstances including a war. Since the beginning of the full-scale war, many children have been orphaned or live in conditions that do not meet the needs of children. In our state, work actively for development of family-based forms of education and placement of children in the family to provide care, love and family comfort for every child. It is emphasized, the implementation of the right for family-based forms of education under martial law can be identified as a complex right of the family educator and the child for educative interaction in family conditions with the support of non­governmental organizations and state institutions, aimed at appropriate ensuring interests of the child under martial law. Mentioned above allows to include a war period into the list of circumstances that can cause difficult circumstances of the life. It is outlined, an efficiency of the implementation of pedagogical and social functions during the education of children are determined among others, by the international experience, findings of experiments in Ukraine, and researches of the Ukrainian scientists and practitioners in the field of childhood. At last, issues on the implementation of the right to family-based forms of education under martial law would to be reflected in the National Plan for Family Education and Care of Children in Ukraine. It is stressed, the content of educational programmes for training of candidates for family­based forms of education and implementation of forms of foster care is especially significant.
The correspondence between contractual and tort liability in the Civil law of Ukraine, Germany, and France
Authors: Sakhno Y.V.
Published: August 2024

The article explores the regulation of civil legal relations between parties arising from breaches of contract terms and causing harm in Ukraine, Germany, and France. Specifically, it analyzes the relationship between the grounds for the emergence of these legal relations. Although the topic of the correspondence between contractual and tort liability has been raised by scholars many times, there are still no unified approaches to addressing this issue in the legal doctrine of Ukraine. Furthermore, there are no established approaches to the correlation of these two types of civil liability in a comparative context with international experience in resolving this issue
There are numerous contradictions and uncertainties in Ukrainian legal doctrine today, negatively impacting the level of legal science, which is reflected in the quality of national civil legislation. Due to the legal uncertainty arising from theoretical approaches in correlating contractual and tort liability, there is still a need to study this issue. The Civil Code of Ukraine is undergoing recodification, and this process is irreversible. Ukraine is moving towards closer alignment with the EU, harmonizing its legislation with EU law in accordance with EU principles and standards.
The uncertainty of the doctrine only creates obstacles for quality recodification and harmonization with EU norms. Therefore, it is proposed to specify and unify approaches to understanding contractual and tort liability within the doctrine, taking into account the direct experience gained by Germany and France, whose
Civil Codes are exemplary for all of continental Europe.
Therefore, there is a need for a broader disclosure of the specifics of the relationship and regulation of contractual and tort liability, the definition of approaches to such a relationship, as well as ways to improve Ukrainian legislation.
The subject composition of relations on social protection of the rights of critical infrastructure workers in Ukraine
Authors: Lubinets D.V.
Published: August 2024

The article focuses on elucidating the subject composition of relations concerning the social protection rights of critical infrastructure workers in Ukraine. It supports the view that the relations for the social protection of these workers constitute legal relations involving social law subjects. These relations are directed towards establishing the right to social protection of critical infrastructure workers, the realization and enforcement of this right, as well as its protection and restoration in the event of violation. The composition of subjects within the legal relations of social protection for critical infrastructure workers aligns with the array of subjects encompassed by the legal mechanism safeguarding the rights of these workers in Ukraine. This study suggests that the structure of the subjects involved in the social protection of critical infrastructure workers should be conceptualized as a system comprising four distinct groups. The primary group consists of the critical infrastructure workers themselves, who possess and exercise their right to social protection and defend this right through jurisdictional or extra-jurisdictional means. Secondly, a pivotal participant in the social protection relations for critical infrastructure workers is the employer, namely the respective critical infrastructure entity. Employers should perceive workers not merely as industrial resources but as individuals endowed with inherent human dignity, alongside rights and interests that can be safeguarded through social protection measures implemented by employers in Ukraine. Thirdly, public administration entities, along with other public service bodies and their officials, also play a role in the social protection relations for critical infrastructure workers. These bodies and officials, vested with relevant authority, are responsible for executing social protection measures for the rights of critical infrastructure workers and for upholding these workers’ rights. Fourthly, under the current democratization of the social protection system, relationships concerning the social protection of critical infrastructure workers should also encompass civil society entities, notably trade unions, other professional associations of critical infrastructure workers, and human rights non-governmental organizations (specializing in the protection of workers’ rights, including those of young workers). The conclusion of this article synthesizes the findings of the study.
Problems of legal regulation of the realization by territorial communities of the right to unclaimed land shares from January 1, 2025
Authors: Kolomiitseva D.M.
Published: August 2024

The article highlights the key problems of legal regulation, which will become especially relevant from January 2025 for territorial communities of villages, towns, and cities.
In particular, the question of the expediency of applying the rules for registration of «ownerless real estate» to unclaimed land shares is raised, legal restrictions on the use of agricultural land, including unclaimed land shares (shares) by territorial communities, are highlighted. The author comes to the conclusion that the legal nature of an unclaimed land share (share) is not compatible with the procedure for recognizing property as ownerless, which artificially complicates the legal regulation of relations with unclaimed land shares (shares). In addition, the self-imposed model of recognition of the ownership of a land plot in the order of recognition of property as ownerless risks being left unimplemented by the norms given the gaps in the legal provision of accounting for the land plot as ownerless property.
The second problem is the artificial limitation in the disposal of agricultural lands of communal property, laid down in Part 4 of Art. 92 of the Civil Code of Ukraine, in particular, the transfer of an agricultural land plot of state, communal property for permanent use is allowed only for the construction and maintenance of real estate objects (buildings, structures), as well as in cases of transfer for permanent use to a state, communal enterprise, institution, organization a plot of land withdrawn from the permanent use of another state, communal enterprise, institution, organization.
The author proposes a number of legislative changes that must be adopted and implemented by January 1, 2025.
Formation and development of legal regulation of insurers in Ukraine
Authors: Bobyk M.V.
Published: August 2024

Historically, the insurance institute was formed back in antiquity and is currently one of the key economic and investment institutes of European countries. The legal regulation of the activities of insurers in Ukraine is at a stage of dynamic development, taking into account European integration processes and current social, economic and military factors. The full-scale invasion of the Russian Federation on the territory of Ukraine affected all institutions of law, including the institution of insurance. The activity of insurers is especially relevant during the legal regime of martial law, as individuals and legal entities strive for a proper state of protection of their assets.
Legal regulation of insurers in Ukraine should reflect the current state of the economy and the consequences of martial law. Ukrainian legislation is currently being adapted to European standards, which in the conditions of martial law is a particularly complex, conflicting and long-term process. The lion’s share of insurers in Ukraine left the insurance market of their own accord, or were removed by the regulator for various reasons, which undoubtedly requires attention from the legislator, the state and society as a whole.
The article examines the problems of formation and development of legal regulation of insurers’ activities in Ukraine. The stages of formation of the legal regulation of the activities of insurers of independent Ukraine are highlighted, the features of these stages are analyzed.
Attention is focused on the fact that legal regulation during the martial law in Ukraine is a new historical stage in the development of this institution, and this period requires a detailed study.
An analysis of the legal regulation of the activities of insurers in Ukraine during the martial law was carried out, and the problems of the development of the legal regulation of the activities of insurers during this period were highlighted.
The author proposed ways to solve and overcome the problems of modern legal regulation of the activities of insurers during a special period in Ukraine. The author’s periodization of the formation and development of the activity of insurers in Ukraine was formed, taking into account the historical, social and economic aspects of the development of the insurance institute of independent Ukraine.
Foreign experience in the implementation of supervised probation
Authors: Zheleznyak O.S.
Published: August 2024

In the article the author analyzes the experience of many other countries in the field of implementing supervised probation, including the consideration of the initial stages of this institution and its further development and transformation, and changes in approaches to the general concept of supervised probation and its purpose. In addition, the author describes the peculiarities of the current practice of supervised probation as an integral part of criminal justice systems in several countries, taking into account the differences caused by their own legal traditions, historical experience and needs of each country.
The article also draws attention to the current approaches to the implementation of rehabilitation and correctional programs, and provides the most common criminal law measures in the practice of other states which do not involve isolation of offenders from society.
Based on the results of the analysis, the author substantiates the opinion that it is expedient to introduce a more progressive system of supervised probation in Ukraine which would meet modern requirements, since international practice shows that the introduction of probation is an important factor which has a positive impact on society. It is noticed that restorative justice programs are an effective component of supervised probation services: this includes educational influence on the offender, prevention of repeat offenses, and promotion of social adaptation and reintegration of offenders into society. Given the above, the author considers some models and specific methods of probation as necessary to be introduced in certain regions of Ukraine.
The article also emphasizes that for the practical application of the advantages of each foreign probation system and the implementation of its individual methods in the Ukrainian probation system, it is necessary to comprehensively and thoroughly consider, in particular, the limits and coherence of criminal policy and the level of humanization of penitentiary policy; the possibility and necessity of decriminalization of criminal acts; the unity of judicial practice regarding the sentencing of minors; the coherence of the methods of probation application in foreign countries with the peculiarities of detention.
Legislative determination of the grounds for disciplinary liability of judges as a guarantee of their independence and the efficiency of the functioning of the judicial power
Authors: Kuziv H. , Ilnytskyi O.
Published: August 2024

The article is devoted to the issues of improving the institution of disciplinary liability of judges which will guarantee avoidance of the loss of the authority of justice due to unprofessionalism or open illegality of the use of the judicial power granted to individual judges, with certain “fuses” for the possibility of extra-procedural pressure on judges.
The purpose of the article is to formulate scientifically based conclusions on the necessity of enshrining in law the elements of disciplinary offenses as legislative determination for bringing judges to disciplinary responsibility, to determine the permissible level of their legislative specification and exhaustiveness, and to influence the efficiency of the judicial system.
“Young” democracies in the period of their formation are characterized by the tendency to specify the grounds for dismissal of a judge in legal acts, which should objectively serve as a warning against the wide discretion of the bodies conducting disciplinary proceedings and eliminate the potential threat of its use for the purpose of putting pressure on judges in an unlawful manner.
Based on the results of the study, the author identified three main components that allow a positive evaluation of the implementation of the disciplinary proceedings procedure, including the application of grounds for bringing judges to disciplinary responsibility. They are: 1) the existence of normative provisions that define the guidelines at the level of law (with an acceptable degree of clarity of definition and restrictive interpretation), 2) consistent and predictable practice of their application in the activities of disciplinary authorities using discretion, which will be of institutional importance in assessing law enforcement, 3) the existence of appropriate legal protection mechanisms in the form of independent and impartial review of decisions of the disciplinary authorities, taking into account the subject matter of judicial control and the limits of admissibility for the implementation of.
The legislative determination of the grounds for disciplinary liability should develop both in the direction of specifying the composition of disciplinary authorities and by eliminating conflicts and gaps in the legal norms, and disciplinary bodies should develop a clear, consistent and precise practice of their application.
Functions of public control in reforming the tax system and improving the activities of the State Tax Service of Ukraine
Authors: Shopina I.M.
Published: August 2024

The purpose of the article is to define the functions of public control in reforming the tax system and improving the activities of the State Tax Service of Ukraine.
The article determines that under the legal regime of martial law, the importance of public control increases as a means of preserving high democratic standards of functioning of public authorities and preventing the penetration of totalitarianism into the Ukrainian legal reality. An important role in achieving this goal is played by the functions of public control, which should be understood as the main areas of its implementation, through which the goals and objectives of control activities are achieved.
An analysis of the current state of development of public control in the tax area and its legal regulation has allowed us to identify the following functions of this control. The informational function allows civil society, taxpayers, and interested international entities to promptly receive information on the state of the tax system, promising areas of its reform, and problems existing in the activities of the tax service. The consolidation function of the public control ensures the coordination and harmonization of the interests of the state and taxpayers to jointly solve a global problem - an effective rebuff of the aggressor state. The preventive function of public control includes reducing the level of corruption and other risks that accompany the activities of tax services in the conditions of insufficient transparency of their activities. The function of improving legal support by means of public control allows timely identification of conflicts and contradictions of existing legal acts and development of proposals for amendments and additions to them. The function of raising the legal culture of participants in tax relations allows for the use of cooperation between the tax service and civil society to develop and consolidate standards of integrity for both tax officers and taxpayers. The function of taking into account social needs in the course of public control serves as a means of preserving the social purpose of the tax system and ensures its organic connection with ensuring the exercise of rights, freedoms and interests of individuals and legal entities.
Prevention of criminal offenses in the field of insurance
Authors: Vasylevich V.V. , Levchenko Yu.O.
Published: August 2024

Based on the analysis of scientific sources and law enforcement practice, the article examines the activities of law enforcement and other state bodies and legal institutions to minimize criminal offenses in the field of insurance, which is aimed at timely detection, elimination or neutralization of threats and dangers in the insurance market, averting harmful consequences, as well as bringing the culprits to justice and providing a mechanism for compensation for damage caused by criminal offenses, which is carried out with the help of criminological means.
It is emphasized that criminal offenses in the field of insurance have an increased public danger, as they complicate or block the performance of the main tasks related to the formation, at the expense of monetary contributions, of a target insurance fund intended for the compensation of a possible loss, the equalization of losses in connection with the consequences insurance cases. In addition, the criminalization of this market prevents insurance from performing such important functions as increasing the stability of business entities, limiting economic risks, and stimulating entrepreneurial initiative.
It is noted that the prevention of criminal offenses in this area should be a complex continuous process that takes into account the changes that occur in modern society and that affect the market of service provision. Attention is drawn to the fact that the very system of entities providing security in the insurance market includes a wide range of entities of both state and non-state ownership, which in one way or another participate in the relevant process. However, their activities must correspond to a single, purposeful state policy, and require coordination in the fight against crime, which currently requires improvement, as it does not fully meet the requirements of the times and challenges in the security sector.
Conceptual principles of prevention of violent criminal offenses in law enforcement
Authors: Vasylevich V.V. , Levchenko Yu.O.
Published: August 2024

It is indicated that the problem of violence is the most acute in modern Ukrainian society. Violent criminal offenses are not only a collection of violent crimes, but also pose a threat to the national security of the state and the constitutional rights of citizens who fear more and more for their lives and health. The Constitution of Ukraine declares the right of every citizen to life, health care, personal dignity, freedom and personal integrity, as well as the inviolability of private life (Articles 3, 27, 29 of the Constitution).
The article examines the problem of violence committed by law enforcement officers, which endangers citizens’ trust in law enforcement structures and violates basic human rights. In particular, the causes of violence among law enforcement officers are considered and strategies to prevent these crimes are proposed. The article analyzes the legislative framework of Ukraine, defining the concept of violence in the context of criminal law and legal literature. The study of sociological data on the perception of police violence by both citizens and law enforcement officers provides an opportunity to assess the scale of the problem. In addition, the main causes of violence are analyzed, including insufficient training and psychological training of employees, stress factors and corruption in the law enforcement system. Proposed strategies to prevent violence include improving professional training, strengthening the system of control and internal supervision, as well as paying attention to the psychological state of employees and implementing a system of psychological support.
To prevent violence among law enforcement officers, it is necessary to take a set of measures, including psychological support and training on ethics, human rights and professional conduct. It is also important to ensure an effective mechanism of internal control and discipline, thoroughly vet candidates for positions in law enforcement agencies, and conduct regular audits of the security and control system.
The overall goal of such strategies is to create a safe and trusting environment for both citizens and law enforcement officers. It is important to take into account that the fight against violence begins with familiarizing employees with human rights and instilling in them respect for these rights.