bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Definiciones y creencias educativas que configuran el rol docente en la educación
Authors: Sánchez-Burgos Felipe , Berger-Silva Christian
Published: September 2020

Las actividades extracurriculares son espacios de formación relevante para los/as jóvenes. La investigación en este ámbito muestra que los/as monitores/as encargados/as de las actividades pueden generar las condiciones necesarias para que estas promuevan una gran cantidad de beneficios en el desarrollo de los/as participantes. Con todo, existe un vacío con respecto al conocimiento de los fundamentos del trabajo de los/as monitores/as. Por lo general, no se espera que los/as monitores/as de actividades extracurriculares cuenten con formación pedagógica formal y su rol no se encuentra definido de antemano, con funciones y expectativas delimitadas. A partir de estas consideraciones, este artículo se plantea como objetivo principal presentar algunos de los elementos que apuntan a la configuración del rol adoptado por monitores/as de actividades extracurriculares además de dar cuenta de algunas creencias educativas que sustenten su quehacer. El artículo se basa en un estudio de tipo cualitativo fundamentado en la Teoría Fundada Informada, que trabaja sobre entrevistas realizadas a diferentes monitores/as de actividades extracurriculares. Los principales resultados apuntan al establecimiento del rol de los/as monitores/as de actividades extracurriculares en función de sus propósitos formativos y la diferenciación que se puede establecer entre dicho trabajo y el realizado por los/as docentes de aula de la educación formal.
Teorías subjetivas de profesores de un colegio particular subvencionado acerca de la Ley de Inclusión
Authors: Fuentes-Vargas Yasna , Cerpa-Reyes Carola
Published: September 2020

El presente artículo da a conocer los resultados de un estudio que reconstruye las teorías subjetivas sostenidas por un grupo de docentes, respecto a los cambios que creen que producirá, en el proceso educativo, la puesta en marcha de la Ley de Inclusión, develando sus teorías subjetivas en torno al fin de la selección, del lucro y el financiamiento compartido. Se desarrolló una investigación cualitativa, de tipo descriptiva-interpretativa, utilizando la entrevista semiestructurada como técnica para la recolección de datos. El análisis se realizó mediante los procesos de codificación abierta y axial, siguiendo los criterios de la Grounded Theory. Dentro de los hallazgos más relevantes, destaca la contradicción entre lo que se señala explícitamente y lo que se manifiesta implícitamente con respecto al término de la selección. Por una parte, se considera relevante que la ley permite hacer efectivo el principio de igualdad de oportunidades, y por otra, como teoría subjetiva, se sostiene que el fin de la selección permitirá la llegada de estudiantes con menores niveles de rendimiento, lo que impedirá obtener los niveles de logro actuales. Esto lleva a un grupo importante de docentes a pensar que la selección y el financiamiento compartido deberían continuar.
Cinco claves para la implementación de programas de formación virtual: una propuesta desde la experiencia de tutoría
Authors: Godoy-Orellana Claudia
Published: September 2020

La formación virtual es una modalidad educativa que cada vez adquiere más valor, por la serie de ventajas que ofrece, tanto en términos de inversión financiera como de uso del tiempo, accesibilidad y flexibilidad para los/as estudiantes, logrando una cobertura que trasciende distancias. Es innegable que este tipo de formación ha logrado posicionarse como una alternativa de alto valor en una sociedad que busca aprender y especializarse sin sacrificar la vida profesional y personal. Desde la experiencia profesional como tutora virtual, he logrado identificar ciertos aspectos relevantes para una implementación exitosa de este tipo de experiencias formativas, las cuales he sistematizado y profundizado con el propósito de elaborar una propuesta de cinco claves para el desarrollo de programas de educación virtual. Estas claves abordan desde lo más básico, que es contar con un soporte tecnológico que responda al desafío, hasta lo más complejo, que es orientar el desarrollo de capacidades de los/as estudiantes, para lo cual es fundamental tener un pleno conocimiento del perfil de entrada de los/as mismos/as. Otras claves se relacionan con las capacidades de los/as docentes que implementan las actividades curriculares, la posibilidad de contar con tutores/as de apoyo y el rol de las coordinaciones académicas.
Posibilidades educativas de la realidad virtual y la realidad combinada: una mirada desde el conectivismo y la bibliotecología
Authors: Oliveros-Castro Sergio , Núñez-Chaufleur Claudia
Published: September 2020

La realidad virtual (RV) y la realidad combinada (RC) forman parte de las tecnologías con mayor potencial en la enseñanza y aprendizaje en las diferentes áreas del conocimiento y han comenzado a tener un impacto significativo en el desarrollo de la sociedad de la información. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar las posibilidades educativas de la RV y la RC en la enseñanza. El análisis se realiza desde el conectivismo como teoría emergente del aprendizaje, y la alfabetización en información (ALFIN) y la visual literacy, como conocimientos especializados de la bibliotecología que tratan sobre el uso y reconocimiento de la información. En este artículo se ponen a disposición algunas reflexiones sobre el tema y se proponen algunos softwares y hardwares que podrían ser aplicables al desarrollo de las competencias profesionales de las diferentes áreas y que, a la vez, facilitarían el aprendizaje personalizado de los/as estudiantes en base a sus capacidades e intereses.
La relación estudiante-docente en tiempos de cuarentena: desafíos y oportunidades del aprendizaje en entornos virtuales
Authors: Soto-Córdova Ignacio
Published: September 2020

A raíz de la crisis sanitaria inaugurada por la pandemia del COVID-19 y la consecuente suspensión de las clases presenciales en todo Chile, equipos directivos, docentes y estudiantes se vieron enfrentados a continuar con los procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje a través de diversas plataformas virtuales, no siempre obteniendo los mejores resultados, dada la multiplicidad de factores que dificultan tanto el acceso como la comunicación entre dichos agentes. El presente artículo presenta el caso de una actividad realizada para la asignatura de Educación Ciudadana, con estudiantes de 4° año medio del Colegio Angol, institución educativa de carácter mixta, ubicada en dicha ciudad, capital de la provincia de Malleco. El diseño, construcción, monitoreo y evaluación de la actividad fueron ejecutados íntegramente en línea. Se busca plantear una reflexión en torno a la importancia que posee una significativa relación entre docente y estudiantes en entornos virtuales de aprendizaje, partiendo del supuesto de que cuando el/la docente lleva a cabo junto a sus estudiantes aquellos mismos proyectos que encomienda, la motivación de estos/as aumenta, cuestión fundamental en un contexto de encierro forzoso y de escaso contacto interpersonal.
Modelos de provisión y formación dual. Una tarea pendiente para el caso de la enseñanza media técnico profesional en Chile
Authors: Loyola-Bustos Christian
Published: September 2020

El objetivo del presente trabajo es conocer y analizar los modelos de provisión que se despliegan en la EMTP, relacionando estos modelos con la formación dual y teniendo como referencia la experiencia alemana. La metodología consistirá en la revisión de bibliografía especializada. La enseñanza técnico profesional es fundamental para el desarrollo e inserción laboral de los y las jóvenes, es por esto que se deben mejorar los modelos de provisión en Chile, con el fin de que la EMTP sea eficiente y efectiva en su preparación y estructura. El artículo busca contribuir a la mejora educativa, recalcando la importancia de establecer conexiones, redes y vínculos entre empresas y dependencias educativas, propiciando un aprendizaje dual, con el fin de que la formación de los estudiantes sea de calidad e impacte de manera positiva el mercado laboral.
Impact of Capital Flight on Tax Revenue in Nigeria: A Co-integration Approach
Authors: Eluyela Damilola Felix , Bassey Inemesit , Oladipo Olufemi Adebayo , Adegboyegun Adekunle Emmanuel , Ademola Abimbola , Madugba Joseph
Published: September 2020

This study presents an empirical analysis of the impact of capital flight on tax revenue in Nigeria. We made use of secondary data collected from the Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin of various issues, Federal Inland Revenue Services and National Bureau of Statistics. The empirical measurement covers the sample period between 1980 and 2015. An Ordinary Least Square, Augmented Dickey-Fuller unit root test, Error Correction Mechanism and Co-integration test was adopted in the study. The results revealed that the Gross Domestic Product has a significant effect in the positive direction, while capital flight and inflation rate have a significant effect in the negative direction. The study recommended that the Federal Inland Revenue System, the department saddled with the responsibility of tax collection, should review the tax system and policies with the aim of plugging loopholes in the existing tax system thereby preventing organizations from evading and avoiding taxes.
Nature and Extent of Corporate Social Responsibility in the Indian Banking Sector
Authors: Miralam Mohammad Saleh , Jeet Vikram
Published: September 2020

Corporate social responsibility (CSR), are societal initiatives of an organization for the community welfare and development. The purpose of the present study is to highlight the corporate social responsibility disclosure of Indian banks for the financial year 2014-15 to 2016-17. The contribution of Indian banks in CSR initiatives has been observed in the form of development of the rural sector, the contribution in basic education, generating more employment opportunities, public healthcare, and sanitation, etc. CSR has been emerged as an important factor in facilitating sustainable growth and valuing the stakeholder and featured as a competitive edge in the banking sector over its rivals and improves the reputation. The results of the study highlighted the compounded CSR spent and sector-wise CSR contributions by the Indian banks during the period of study. A compounded downfall of 7.70 percent has been observed in the growth of the amount required to CSR spent. Simultaneously, the downfall of 8.39 percent in the actual CSR spent has also been recorded in the study. But on the other hand, the amount of CSR spent of all sample banks has been increased by a compound growth of 22.60 percent during the period of study. Besides, the growth analysis of “sector-wise” CSR spent reflected an increase in the compound growth of all sectors by 21.80 percent.
Cemetery Mapping and Digital Data Analysis: A Case Study in Minnesota, USA
Authors: Schmidt Maureen L. , Yuan Fei , Jang Woo
Published: September 2020

This study examines how geospatial technologies can be used in the aid of local-level cemetery management with limited resources using a case study in Woodland Hills Memorial Park Cemetery, Minnesota, USA. The hard-copy records in a handwritten ledger were manually transferred into an Excel table. The spatial data of the gravesites were collected using a Trimble Geo 7X unit with a Zephyr antenna and a Laser Rangefinder sensor over the summer of 2017. A geodatabase was constructed by joining the Excel table with the GPS data in GIS. A procedure was also developed to map the spatial distributions of plots and analyze the demographic data. It was demonstrated that a very high locational accuracy could be achieved based on carefully designed GPS data collection strategies. In addition, the data analysis results revealed that there were 12,190 plots in total, approximately half of which were still available for purchase. Among the 5,906 inhabitants buried at the Woodland Hills, many were ethnically German and Scandinavian, of whom 9.7% were veterans and nearly half were from the Greatest Generation (born between 1901 and 1927). The birth, death, and age distributions are significantly different between the nonveteran and veteran groups. Clustered patterns were identified for the filled plots and all the Generation categories. Such results will be beneficial to local cemetery managers to plan for further development as well as to future historians or individuals interested in the local culture and history. The proposed methods can greatly facilitate local-level cemetery data collection, mapping, query, and analysis.
A escola de Gramsci, de Paolo Nosella
Authors: Pereira Priscila Cassanti Sil
Published: September 2020

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Book Review; Menjadi Saintis Muslim
Authors: Khoiri Shohib
Published: September 2020

Book TitleÂ Â Â Â Â Â  Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â  :Menjadi Saintis IslamAuthorÂ Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â  Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â  : Usep Mohamad Ishaq, Ph.DPublisherÂ Â Â Â Â Â Â Â  Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â  : Indie Publishing, Depok IndonesiaPublishing YearÂ Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â  : 2014ISBNÂ Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â  Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â  : 978-602-281-089-6PagesÂ Â  Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â  : 209GenreÂ Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â  Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â  : Scientific Book
Digital citizenship: menyiapkan generasi milenial menjadi warga negara demokratis di abad digital
Authors: Roza Prima
Published: September 2020

Generasi millennial adalah generasi yang unik dengan karakteristik tertentu yang merupakan kelompok potensial dalam memberikan kontribusi terbaik bagi kemajuan bangsa. Generasi ini disebut juga sebagai digital natives karena mereka terlahir ditengah perkembangan abad digital atau pesatnya perkembangan teknologi informasi dan telekomunikasi. Tereksposnya generasi millennial dalam penggunaan teknologi informasi dan telekomunikasi secara intens dalam semua aspek kehidupan telah melahirkan karakteristik tertentu. Hal itu berdampak terhadap cara pandang generasi millennial dalam melakukan aktivitas, termasuk dalam menjalankan perannya sebagai warga negara. Artikel ini mencoba menyelidiki bagaimana peran dari generasi millennial dalam negara demokratis sebagai warga negara digital (digital citizen) pada era yang didominasi oleh penggunaan teknologi di media digital. Makalah ini merupakan suatu eksplorasi literatur atau library research tentang konsep kewarganegaraan digital, dan upaya perubahan yang harus dilakukan dalam konteks pembelajaran kewarganegaraan, dalam rangka menyiapkan warga negara untuk menjalankan perannya untuk melakukan partisipasi, sehingga menjadi â€˜good and smart digital citizensâ€™ dan melahirkan civic virtue bagi negara.Â Kata kunci: generasi millennial, demokrasi partisipatori, kewarganegaraan digital
A sense of belonging contribution towards employee performance: a case in Small and Medium-sized Enterprise (SMEs) Indonesia
Authors: Napitupulu Rizal Afif , Ginting Henndy
Published: September 2020

Small Medium Enterprises (SME) Employees in Indonesia are relatively around 10 to 30 people. Because the number of employees just a view number, the relation between each employee is very close even like family. Even though there is an SME company in Indonesia that their employee is in line family, and because they were family, they feel belong to each other furthermore they feel a sense of belonging and become a part of the company. Feeling a sense of belonging in the workplace leads to more than just good vibes and friendships. Belonging is what allows employees to feel like they can be their authentic selves without fear of different treatment or punishment, and it has a major impact on performance and retention. From this phenomenon, this paper investigates if an employee's sense of belonging is good then it will contribute to employee performance. Employee performance has to manage because it will contribute to the productivity and effectiveness of the company. So that the company can compete with a competitor and deal with the dynamic environment. The importance of managing performance is needed for the company to adapt and compete with the competitor in any circumstances. This research prior study is to collect data and insight into employee performance based on their sense of belonging. The hypothesis of the research is a sense of belonging gives a positive influence on employee performance. The sample of the research consisted of 30 employees in one of Small Medium Enterprise (SME) in Bandung, Indonesia. A sense of belonging scale was used to collect the data. And then, data is analyzed through regression analyses with a 95% confidence interval. The regression result indicates that a sense of belonging contributes up to 69.4% of the variance towards employeeâ€™s performance in Bandung SME. It means an employee with a higher sense of belonging has higher performance. Contrary, an employee with a low sense of belonging has low performance.
Evaluation of a Chemistry Concept Inventory for general chemistry students at Finnish university
Authors: Kiviniemi Tiina , Nuora Piia
Published: September 2020

A chemistry concept inventory (Chemical Concept Inventory 3.0/CCI 3.0), previously developed for use

in Norwegian universities, was tested and evaluated for use in a Finnish university setting. The test,

designed to evaluate student knowledge and learning of chemistry concepts, was administered as both

pre- and posttest in first year general chemistry courses at the University of Jyväskylä. The results were

evaluated using different statistical tests, focusing both on individual item analysis and the entire test.

Some individual questions were found to be not discriminating or reliable enough or too difficult, yet the

results, as a whole, indicate that the concept inventory is a reliable and discriminating tool that can be

used in the Finnish university context.
Incentivos Ambientais do Imposto Predial e Territorial Urbano
Authors: Lobo Fernanda Barbosa
Published: September 2020

Atualmente é incontestável a importância do meio ambiente, sendo este o alicerce do desenvolvimento e manutenção da vida. A implantação de um sistema econômico capitalista alinhado à expansão urbana, embora responsáveis por grande parte do desenvolvimento humano, deixaram sequelas e drásticas alterações ambientais. Neste contexto, o meio jurídico se torna um instrumento de regulamentação e proteção na seara ambiental. O presente artigo se propõe a analisar programas de descontos no imposto sobre a propriedade predial e territorial urbana (IPTU) como instrumento de fomento à preservação ambiental através da concessão de incentivos fiscais ambientais pelo Município, ressaltando a importância da extrafiscalidade no campo de gestão urbana e otimização de políticas públicas, em consonância com o artigo 225 da Constituição Federal da República de 1988, que estabeleceu como direito difuso o meio ambiente ecologicamente equilibrado.
A Análise da Tutela da Importunação Sexual no Ordenamento Penal Brasileiro
Authors: Azevedo Debora Cunha
Published: September 2020

A presente monografia trata-se de uma pesquisa acerca do tipo penal denominado “importunação sexual”, o qual se propõe a tutelar atos libidinosos ocorridos sem o consentimento da vítima, em que o agressor deseja satisfazer a sua própria lascívia ou a de outrem. O referido delito foi sancionado e entrou em vigor em 24 de setembro de 2018, através da Lei nº 13.718/2018. A necessidade de sua criação adveio de vários casos de mulheres que foram sexualmente violadas em transporte públicos pelo país, o mais conhecido ocorreu em 2017, em que o agressor ejaculou em uma mulher usuária deste tipo de transporte em São Paulo. Contudo, havia uma lacuna na norma penal, os delitos até então tipificados não eram, de todo, adequados para tutelar a conduta criminosa acima citada, o que ensejou a criação do tipo da “importunação sexual”.
Aspectos Críticos e Metodológicos dos Estudo de Lima Vaz sobre o Ethos
Authors: Santos Magda Guadalupe dos
Published: September 2020

O reexame dos textos de H. C. de Lima Vaz, sob a ótica metodológica, possibilita certas variantes interpretativas acerca da complexidade e atualidade de sua leitura ética da cultura Ocidental. A despeito das contínuas interrogações sobre o sentido da universalidade conceitual, ao longo dos últimos séculos, a indagação sobre o sentido da dignidade da vida humana e seus valores ainda figura como tema de destaque, em várias chaves de leitura, nos debates filosóficos e jurídicos da atualidade.  Este artigo ocupa-se das variantes metodológicas que sustentam possíveis correlações entre nómos e lógos como formas conceituais de discernimento de aspectos éticos em estrito senso, e das questões político-jurídicas que afetam a contemporaneidade.
Protagonismo Judicial no Estado Democrático de Direito
Authors: Araújo Guilherme Soares
Published: September 2020

O processo evolutivo dos paradigmas estatais tem grande importância para o entendimento do Direito Constitucional. Cada período marcado por sua característica própria, pelo liberalismo processual no Estado Liberal, socialização processual no Estado Social e atualmente democratização processual no Estado Democrático de Direito. Considerando-se o acesso à jurisdição como uma garantia constitucional a todo e qualquer cidadão, os mecanismos e as alterações realizadas visando celeridade e efetividade da função jurisdicional não podem limitar o acesso legítimo ao judiciário e a participação efetiva no provimento judicial, pois dessa forma, estariam infringindo garantias constitucionais, tornando-se assim inconstitucionais e incompatíveis com o atual modelo de Estado. Diante disso, o presente artigo irá tratar da questão do Protagonismo Judicial no judiciário Brasileiro e a problemática dos mecanismos implantados no sistema com vistas à celeridade, e principalmente em busca de redução de demandas e procedimentos, analisando tais reformas frente ao acesso legítimo e a comparticipação dos sujeitos processuais garantido pelos princípios constitucionais do contraditório, da ampla defesa, e da inafastabilidade da função jurisdicional em um Estado Democrático de Direito.
Genetic Polymorphisms of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus
Authors: Nail Ildarovich Khammadov
Published: September 2020

The aim of the work is to search for loci of the genome of various types of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), characterized by the lowest variability, for use as genetic markers in the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of virus identification. The nucleotide sequences of the genomes of FMDV of types A, Asia-1, C, O, and SAT (1, 2, and 3) were analyzed. When aligning the genomes of isolates of each type of virus, potentially conservative sites were identified. Comparing these loci, different types of the virus have one, the most conserved locus. Subsequent basic local alignment search tool (BLAST) analysis established the correspondence of the conservative locus to the FMDV genome, and primers and a probe were developed to amplify this locus.
Cost-Effective Technical Tips for Agarose Gel Electrophoresis of Deoxyribonucleic Acid
Authors: Sasagawa Noboru
Published: September 2020

Agarose gel electrophoresis is one of the most fundamental experiment in biochemistry and/or molecular biology, especially in analyzing deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) or ribonucleic acid (RNA). Many laboratories do agarose gel electrophoresis almost every day. Besides, sometimes we need to prepare tens of agarose gels at a time for training and/or practices of students. In such situations, the more cost-effective way we have, the much more experiments in laboratories/trainings of students we can achieve. Actually, experiments of using agarose can be achieved in a more inexpensive way. In this manuscript, conditions of agarose gel electrophoresis experiment (agarose, buffer, and equipment) are considered, and achievements of such efforts are described.
Herbert Marcuse on Radical Subjectivity and the “New Activism”
Authors: Sukhov Michael J. ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: September 2020

What forms of collective political action conceivably might offer the best prospects for radical, transformative change in the context of a planet currently in crisis, and characterized by intersecting struggles for environmental, economic, social, and racial justice? The concept of radical subjectivity that Herbert Marcuse developed throughout his life and work can provide social movement theorists, organizations and activists with valuable theoretical and practical resources to identify, encourage, and further develop new and emerging forms of political agency and activism, and thereby contribute to the mobilization of contemporary social movements seeking to address these crises and their underlying causes. This concept, when critically reevaluated and appropriated in light of more recent insights about the nature of subjectivity and political agency as well as in the context of these contemporary struggles, can assist in the development of a theory and practice that might be adequate to address the multiple global crises currently confronting humanity and other forms of life on Earth.
ACRL’s 2021 Awards Program: Honoring outstanding achievements in the academic and research library community
Authors: Ollis Chase
Published: September 2020

Every year, ACRL celebrates the opportunity to honor the outstanding achievements of the academic and research library community. These inspiring innovators have continued to demonstrate the notable impact librarianship has in the academic landscape.Made possible by generous corporate support, the annual presentation of our prestigious awards, grants, and fellowships to these deserving individuals and institutions enables ACRL to honor the very best in academic librarianship. This year, ACRL once again seeks to celebrate and recognize the accomplishments of our peers.
Redistributing work during COVID-19: Penn State University Libraries’ job bank
Authors: Lo Leo S. , Lush Binky , Freivaids Dace
Published: September 2020

March 2020 became a pivoting moment for higher education in the United States, when the COVID-19 pandemic forced colleges and universities to switch to remote delivery of instruction within weeks. The impact of this event is deep and far-reaching. There is already a deluge of articles about how most faculty and students have had to adjust to a new way of teaching and learning--or how administrators have had to brace for financial losses. However, little has been written about the situations librarians and library staff are facing.
Washington Hotline
Authors: Baker Gavin
Published: September 2020

Supporting civic engagement in a critical moment2020 censusVoter registration and participation
The relationship between intrinsic motivation and learning outcomes in problem-based learning
Authors: Kim Hye-Ryoung
Published: September 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship between intrinsic motivation and learning outcomes of nursing college students who took the Fundamentals of nursing as a problem-based learning method.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we identified the intrinsic motivations of 114 nursing students who completed problem-based learning using the Intrinsic Motivation Inventory. The t-test was conducted to identify differences according to intrinsic motivation, and correlation analysis was performed to confirm the relationship between intrinsic motivation and learning outcomes.Results: The group with higher intrinsic motivation showed higher scores in all domains of self-assessed learning outcomes than the lower group. It was the ‘Relatedness with an instructor’ that showed the highest correlation with the learning outcomes in the domains of intrinsic motivation.Conclusion: Problem-based learning is an effective learning method for cultivating the competencies needed for nurses. The intrinsic motivation of students is an important factor in the performance of problem-based learning. For the efficiency of problem-based learning, efforts should be made to develop and apply autonomy-supportive interventions that can enhance intrinsic motivation.
The study of the most appropriate ways of extracting tannins from creeping thyme in the flora of Azerbaijan
Authors: Mamedova Rena Firudin kızı , Babayev Medjnun Shykhbaba oglu
Published: September 2020

The research subject is the analysis of the chemical composition of the creeping thyme, particularly, the establishment of the most appropriate ways to extract tannins from its elements. The need for this research is determined by the fact that traditional and scientific medicine are based on the herbal substances resources, and the study of wild medical plants is of a great importance. From this perspective, plants of the thyme genus (Thymus) of the Lamiaceae family are of undoubted interest. Raw materials for the research were prepared in the mountainous regions of Azerbaijan, in places of natural growth of this plant. The research is based on two methods: permanganometric and complexometric. The research results demonstrate that the higher percentage of tannins was formed when using the complexometric method of extraction, which is the most objective in defining the percentage of tannins in the chemical composition of the creeping thyme, than when using the permanganometric method. The research also helped define the highest percentage of tannins in the chemical composition of the creeping thyme of certain fineness, with a certain type of extraction agent and certain time of extraction. For this purpose, the authors conduct the experiments with three sizes and proportions of the raw material and the extraction agent correspondingly, and three variants of extraction time.   
Echoes of the Lisbon station: the Brazilian left-wing movements in exile in Portugal
Authors: Freire Américo
Published: September 2020

This essay explores two issues regarding the exile of left-wing Brazilians in Portugal between the April 25th Revolution and the promulgation of the Amnesty Act in Brazil (1979). At first it examines the ways the Portuguese state dealt with the presence of dozens of Brazilian exiles in its territory. Then it analyses the political strategies of the exiles in the “Comité Pró-Amnistia Geral no Brasil” (Committee for a General Amnesty in Brazil), an organisation that received the support of important Portuguese intellectuals and politicians.
Moderate, pragmatic and personalised: the development of left-wing parties in Southern Europe
Authors: Lisi Marco
Published: September 2020

This article seeks to examine the development of the main left-wing government parties in Southern Europe. In spite of the different party systems, these parties have had to adapt to the challenges of transforming their support bases and to electoral competition. To analyse the different histories of the governing left in Spain, Greece, Italy and Portugal, three dimensions are taken into account: the ideological development, the characteristics of the electoral bases and, finally, the organisational aspect. This analysis allows us to show the process of convergence among these parties and the importance of the past as a conditioning factor in these parties’ success or failure.
An unequal decade for older people who came late to cyberspace
Authors: Vicente Vicent A. Querol
Published: September 2020

This article aims to provide an overview of the situation in the first decade of the 21st century with regard to internet equipment and use among the generations over 44 years of age. The article delimits the idea of “generation” as the concept explaining the digital gap by age. It goes on to analyse the “Equipment data” and the information on the “Development of data on people” issued by the National Institute of Statistics (INE), to finally concentrate on the exploration of studies on IT use published by the Centro de Investigaciones Sociológicas. The research permits the observation of consequences for the digital citizenship of the older generation in the expansion of the internet.
Review: Community, Culture and The Makings Of Identity [Kimberly Dacosta Holton e Andrea Klimt, 2009, Portuguese in the Americas Series, North Dartmouth, MA, University of Massachusetts, Center for Portuguese Studies and Culture]
Authors: Cordeiro Graça Índias
Published: September 2020

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Internally displaced persons: from the action of a sovereign state to intervention by the international community
Authors: Nascimento Allan
Published: September 2020

Research on internally displaced persons (i.e. those living inside their own countries but outside their usual areas of settlement) is a challenge, due to the large number of people involved, the harsh conditions they face, the inability (or lack of interest) of national states to protect their citizens, and the international neutrality principle, according to which any external intervention aimed at safeguarding human rights is a difficult issue. This article discusses the categories adopted, the legal provisions and the institutional framework for internally displaced persons protection. A parallel is drawn with refugees. The concept of the sovereign state and the notion of non-interventionism are also examined. Finally, the article discusses the possibility of a transnational public sphere as a mediating authority, where necessary, between governments and their citizens.
Review: Classes sociais. Condição Objectiva, Identidade e Acção Colectiva [Manuel Carlos Silva, 2009, Vila Nova de Famalicão, Edições Húmus]
Authors: Nunes Nuno
Published: September 2020

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Limited options or blocked mobility? The socio-professional mobility of Brazilian immigrants in Portugal
Authors: Egreja Catarina , Peixoto João
Published: September 2020

Though there is a long tradition of migration studies in Portugal, specific analysis of the socio-professional mobility of immigrants has received limited attention. Based on a survey that was carried out in 2009 and involved 1398 Brazilian immigrants, this text seeks to examine this topic in greater depth by observing their integration patterns at three points in time: before migration, on arrival and at the  moment of the survey. The main issues in question are to assess whether trajectories of upward mobility exist, albeit to a limited degree, as the research available has suggested; whether it is correct to speak of barriers to these courses of development; and whether factors that may influence them exist. The results point towards limited upward trajectories, though consideration of the year of arrival and certain characteristics of the immigrants allows us to predict more positive progression.
The Mind
Authors: Goldstein E. Bruce
Published: September 2020

An accessible and engaging account of the mind and its connection to the brain.

The mind encompasses everything we experience, and these experiences are created by the brain—often without our awareness. Experience is private; we can't know the minds of others. But we also don't know what is happening in our own minds. In this book, E. Bruce Goldstein offers an accessible and engaging account of the mind and its connection to the brain. He takes as his starting point two central questions—what is the mind? and what is consciousness?—and leads readers through topics that range from conceptions of the mind in popular culture to the wiring system of the brain. Throughout, he draws on the latest research, explaining its significance and relevance.

Goldstein discusses how the mind has been described and studied since the nineteenth century, and surveys modern approaches to studying mind–brain connections; considers consciousness and how the nervous system creates experience; and explores the hidden mechanisms of the brain. Then, in the heart of the book, he focuses on one principle that holds across a wide range of the mind's functions: prediction. All the behaviors and physiological processes associated with prediction—including eye movements, tactile sensation, language, music, memory, and social processes—involve communication between different places in the brain. The mind emerges not from the firing of neurons in one specialized area but from communications that travel across what Goldstein calls “highways of the mind.”
The Smart Wife
Authors: Strengers Yolande , Kennedy Jenny
Published: September 2020

The life and times of the Smart Wife—feminized digital assistants who are friendly and sometimes flirty, occasionally glitchy but perpetually available.

Meet the Smart Wife—at your service, an eclectic collection of feminized AI, robotic, and smart devices. This digital assistant is friendly and sometimes flirty, docile and efficient, occasionally glitchy but perpetually available. She might go by Siri, or Alexa, or inhabit Google Home. She can keep us company, order groceries, vacuum the floor, turn out the lights. A Japanese digital voice assistant—a virtual anime hologram named Hikari Azuma—sends her “master” helpful messages during the day; an American sexbot named Roxxxy takes on other kinds of household chores. In The Smart Wife, Yolande Strengers and Jenny Kennedy examine the emergence of digital devices that carry out “wifework”—domestic responsibilities that have traditionally fallen to (human) wives. They show that the principal prototype for these virtual helpers—designed in male-dominated industries—is the 1950s housewife: white, middle class, heteronormative, and nurturing, with a spick-and-span home. It's time, they say, to give the Smart Wife a reboot.

What's wrong with preferring domestic assistants with feminine personalities? We like our assistants to conform to gender stereotypes—so what? For one thing, Strengers and Kennedy remind us, the design of gendered devices re-inscribes those outdated and unfounded stereotypes. Advanced technology is taking us backwards on gender equity. Strengers and Kennedy offer a Smart Wife “manifesta,” proposing a rebooted Smart Wife that would promote a revaluing of femininity in society in all her glorious diversity.
Repurposing of KLF5 activates a cell cycle signature during the progression from a precursor state to oesophageal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Rogerson Connor , Ogden Samuel , Britton Edward ,   The OCCAMS Consortium, Ang Yeng , Sharrocks Andrew D
Published: September 2020

Oesophageal adenocarcinoma (OAC) is one of the most common causes of cancer deaths. Barrett’s oesophagus (BO) is the only known precancerous precursor to OAC, but our understanding about the molecular events leading to OAC development is limited. Here, we have integrated gene expression and chromatin accessibility profiles of human biopsies and identified a strong cell cycle gene expression signature in OAC compared to BO. Through analysing associated chromatin accessibility changes, we have implicated the transcription factor KLF5 in the transition from BO to OAC. Importantly, we show that KLF5 expression is unchanged during this transition, but instead, KLF5 is redistributed across chromatin to directly regulate cell cycle genes specifically in OAC cells. This new KLF5 target gene programme has potential prognostic significance as high levels correlate with poorer patient survival. Thus, the repurposing of KLF5 for novel regulatory activity in OAC provides new insights into the mechanisms behind disease progression.
Tuber melanosporum shapes nirS-type denitrifying and ammonia-oxidizing bacterial communities in Carya illinoinensis ectomycorrhizosphere soils
Authors: Kang Zongjing , Zou Jie , Huang Yue , Zhang Xiaoping , Ye Lei , Zhang Bo , Zhang Xiaoping , Li Xiaolin
Published: September 2020

Background

NirS-type denitrifying bacteria and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) play a key role in the soil nitrogen cycle, which may affect the growth and development of underground truffles. We aimed to investigate nirS-type denitrifying bacterial and AOB community structures in the rhizosphere soils of Carya illinoinensis seedlings inoculated with the black truffle (Tuber melanosporum) during the early symbiotic stage.

Methods

The C. illinoinensis seedlings inoculated with or without T. melanosporum were cultivated in a greenhouse for six months. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology was used to analyze nirS-type denitrifying bacterial and AOB community structures in the rhizosphere soils of these seedlings. Additionally, the soil properties were determined.

Results

The results indicated that the abundance and diversity of AOB were significantly reduced due to the inoculation of T. melanosporum, while these of nirS-type denitrifying bacteria increased significantly. Proteobacteria were the dominant bacterial groups, and Rhodanobacter, Pseudomonas, Nitrosospira and Nitrosomonas were the dominant classified bacterial genera in all the soil samples. Pseudomonas was the most abundant classified nirS-type denitrifying bacterial genus in ectomycorrhizosphere soils whose relative abundance could significantly increase after T. melanosporum inoculation. A large number of unclassified nirS-type denitrifying bacteria and AOB were observed. Moreover, T. melanosporum inoculation had little effect on the pH, total nitrogen (TN), nitrate-nitrogen (NO${}_{3}^{-}$-N) and ammonium-nitrogen (NH${}_{4}^{+}$-N) contents in ectomycorrhizosphere soils. Overall, our results showed that nirS-type denitrifying bacterial and AOB communities in C. illinoinensis rhizosphere soils were significantly affected by T. melanosporum on the initial stage of ectomycorrhizal symbiosis, without obvious variation of soil N contents.
Comprehensive genome analysis of a pangolin-associatedParaburkholderia fungorumprovides new insights into its secretion systems and virulence
Authors: Tan Ka Yun , Dutta Avirup , Tan Tze King , Hari Ranjeev , Othman Rofina Y. , Choo Siew Woh
Published: September 2020

Background

Paraburkholderia fungorum (P. fungorum)is a Gram-negative environmental species that has been commonly used as a beneficial microorganism in agriculture as an agent for biocontrol and bioremediation. Its use in agriculture is controversial as many people believe that it could harm human health; however, there is no clear evidence to support.

Methodology

The pangolinP. fungorum(pangolin Pf) genome has a genomic size of approximately 7.7 Mbps with N50 of 69,666 bps. Our study showed that pangolin Pf is aParaburkholderia fungorumsupported by evidence from the core genome SNP-based phylogenetic analysis and the ANI analysis. Functional analysis has shown that the presence of a considerably large number of genes related to stress response, virulence, disease, and defence. Interestingly, we identified different types of secretion systems in the genome of pangolin Pf, which are highly specialized and responsible for a bacterium’s response to its environment and in physiological processes such as survival, adhesion, and adaptation. The pangolin Pf also shared some common virulence genes with the known pathogenic member of the Burkholderiales. These genes play important roles in adhesion, motility, and invasion.

Conclusion

This study may provide better insights into the functions, secretion systems and virulence of this pangolin-associated bacterial strain. The addition of this genome sequence is also important for future comparative analysis and functional work ofP. fungorum.
DATMA: Distributed AuTomatic Metagenomic Assembly and annotation framework
Authors: Benavides Andres , Sanchez Friman , Alzate Juan F. , Cabarcas Felipe
Published: September 2020

Background

A prime objective in metagenomics is to classify DNA sequence fragments into taxonomic units. It usually requires several stages: read’s quality control, de novo assembly, contig annotation, gene prediction, etc. These stages need very efficient programs because of the number of reads from the projects. Furthermore, the complexity of metagenomes requires efficient and automatic tools that orchestrate the different stages.

Method

DATMA is a pipeline for fast metagenomic analysis that orchestrates the following: sequencing quality control, 16S rRNA-identification, reads binning, de novo assembly and evaluation, gene prediction, and taxonomic annotation. Its distributed computing model can use multiple computing resources to reduce the analysis time.

Results

We used a controlled experiment to show DATMA functionality. Two pre-annotated metagenomes to compare its accuracy and speed against other metagenomic frameworks. Then, with DATMA we recovered a draft genome of a novel Anaerolineaceae from a biosolid metagenome.

Conclusions

DATMA is a bioinformatics tool that automatically analyzes complex metagenomes. It is faster than similar tools and, in some cases, it can extract genomes that the other tools do not. DATMA is freely available at https://github.com/andvides/DATMA.
Prototype foamy virus downregulates RelB expression to facilitate viral replication
Authors: Zhang Junshi , Wang Chenchen , Tuo Xiaopeng , Chai Keli , Xu Yali , Qiao Wentao , Tan Juan
Published: September 2020

Foamy viruses (FVs) are classified in the subfamily Spumaretrovirinae and bridge the gap between Orthoretrovirinae and Hepadnaviridae. FVs have strong cytopathic effects against cells cultured in vitro. However, they establish lifelong latent infections without evident pathology in the host. The roles of cellular factors in FV replication are poorly understood. To better understand this area, we determined the transcriptomes of HT1080 cells infected with prototype foamy virus (PFV) to measure the effect of PFV infection on the expression of cellular genes. We found that the level of RelB mRNA, a member of the nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) protein family, was significantly decreased as a result of PFV infection, and this was further confirmed with real‐time PCR. Interestingly, overexpression of RelB reduced PFV replication, whereas its depletion using small interfering RNA increased PFV replication. This inhibitory effect of RelB results from diminished transactivation of the viral long terminal repeat (LTR) promoter and an internal promoter (IP) by viral Tas protein. Together, these data demonstrate that PFV infection downregulates the viral inhibitory host factor RelB, which otherwise restricts viral gene expression.
Checking ID‐cards for the sale of restricted goods: Age decisions bias face decisions
Authors: Robertson David J. , Burton A. Mike
Published: September 2020

Matching unfamiliar faces is highly error‐prone, and most studies highlight the implications for real‐world ID‐checking. Here we study a particular instance of ID‐checking: proof of age for buying restricted goods such as alcohol. In this case, checkers must establish that an identity document is carried by its legitimate owner (i.e., that the ID photo matches the face of the bearer) and that the ID proves the bearer to be old enough to make the purchase. Across three experiments, using two common forms of photo‐ID (i.e., driving licenses, PASS+ cards) we show that observers produce very high error rates when age requirements are met, but faces mismatch. This bias away from detecting a face mismatch remained evident in experienced cashiers—though to a somewhat attenuated level. We discuss interactions between face matching and other tasks, and the practical consequences of a bias which favours those using photo‐ID with fraudulent intent.