bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
El pensamiento mágico: diseño y validación de un instrumento
Authors: Petra-Micu Ileana , Estrada-Avilés Alfredo
Published: April 2015

Introducción: El pensamiento mágico es un fenómeno universal y ha estado presente desde épocas prehistóricas. Actualmente, se relega a los niños al pensamiento primitivo, a las supersticiones, a la parapsicología o a cuadros psicopatológicos; sin embargo, destellos de pensamiento mágico se observan en personas y circunstancias ordinarias. En la actualidad, no se cuenta con un instrumento para analizar la presencia del pensamiento mágico en estudiantes de Medicina, desconociendo cómo influye éste en su vida estudiantil y profesional.

Objetivo: Diseñar y obtener las características psicométricas de un nuevo instrumento para evaluar el pensamiento mágico en estudiantes de Medicina en México: validez de apariencia, validez de constructo y consistencia interna.

Método: Elaboración y validación de un instrumento nuevo para indagar sobre el pensamiento mágico que tienen estudiantes del tercer año de la carrera de Medicina, a través de un análisis factorial de componentes principales con rotación Varimax con normalización Kaiser. Su diseño contempla dos dimensiones: una, en la cual se afirma poseer algún tipo de pensamiento mágico, y otra en donde se muestra desilusión al respecto o se niega a creer en él.

Resultados: La muestra estuvo constituida por 555 estudiantes mexicanos de Medicina, 62% de los cuales eran mujeres y 38% hombres, con una edad promedio de 21 años. La versión final del instrumento quedó conformada por 29 reactivos, que explicaron 43.8% de la varianza y se agruparon en cinco factores: analogía, adualismo, animismo, escepticismo y razón vs. magia. Obtuvo un alfa de Cronbach de 0.85.

Conclusiones: Este instrumento constituye una herramienta útil para conocer el pensamiento mágico de los estudiantes de medicina. La información que brinda permite definir estrategias dirigidas a fortalecer o corregir los aspectos cognitivos de los futuros profesionistas.
Eventos académicos
Authors: Editorial Oficina
Published: April 2015

Eventos académicos
Agradecimiento a revisores 2013
Authors: Sánchez Mendiola Melchor
Published: April 2015

La revista Investigación en Educación Médica agradece profundamente a los siguientes académicos su valiosa aportación como árbitros de los manuscritos publicados en los números del año 2013.
¿Aprender con la mente o con el corazón? Retos de la investigación en educación médica
Authors: Sánchez-Mendiola Melchor
Published: April 2015

En un curso de formación docente para médicos al que asistí hace varios años, la profesora nos pidió que recordáramos la mejor experiencia de aprendizaje de nuestras vidas, y después nos pidió que la discutiéramos con nuestros compañeros, explicando por qué esa experiencia fue memorable y cómo produjo aprendizaje profundo y duradero. La mayoría de los asistentes describimos experiencias cuyo denominador común fue un intenso componente afectivo y emocional, cuyos elementos más sobresalientes fueron los aspectos humanos de la interacción profesorestudiante.
Evaluación por competencias de un modelo novedoso de gestión de calidad en médicos internos de pregrado
Authors: Parra-Acosta Haydeé , Benavides-Olivera Jesús Guadalupe , López- González Julio César , Favela-Campos Raúl Manuel , Vázquez-Aguirre Alma Delia
Published: April 2015

Introducción: Los problemas de salud del contexto global, requieren médicos que promuevan la salud humanitariamente con compromiso ético. Para contribuir con esta exigencia social, la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua (UACH) desarrolló e implementó de forma participativa un Modelo de Gestión de Calidad (MGC).

Objetivo: Evaluar las implicaciones del MGC en el desempeño humanista, por competencias de los médicos internos de pregrado (MIP).

Método: Estudio descriptivo correlacional y transversal, que se desarrolló mediante la aplicación de un Examen Clínico Objetivo Estructurado (ECOE) a 46 MIP para valorar su desempeño humanista por competencias, con pacientes estandarizados mediante mapas de aprendizaje con cuatro niveles de desempeño: receptivo, resolutivo, autónomo y estratégico. También se aplicó un cuestionario para medir la relación significativa entre los proyectos del MGC y las competencias de los MIP. La información se analizó con un nivel de significancia de p<0.001.

Resultados: Los MIP alcanzaron un nivel autónomo (8-9) en las competencias: comunicación, sociocultural; así como en diagnóstico y manejo de patologías respecto a examinar al paciente en forma completa y sistemática respetando la dignidad e integridad del paciente. No obstante, se ubicaron en un nivel receptivo (5-6) y un nivel resolutivo (6-7) en la competencias cultura en salud y solución de problemas, su desempeño es operativo, requiere de la supervisión continua del tutor clínico. Se observó relación significativa entre la preparación del tutor y la actitud amable y cordial del MIP, al explorar al paciente (0.28).

Conclusiones: El MGC promueve mediante la evaluación del ECOE el desarrollo de las competencias humanistas: sociocultural, cultura en salud, comunicación, solución de problemas y diagnóstico y manejo de patologías.
Cultura organizacional y clima: el aprendizaje situado en las residencias médicas
Authors: Hamui-Sutton Alicia , Vives-Varela Tania , Gutiérrez-Barreto Samuel , Castro-Ramírez Senyasen , Lavalle-Montalvo Carlos , Sánchez-Mendiola Melchor
Published: April 2015

Introducción: La cultura y el clima son ámbitos que configuran las interacciones, los sistemas de creencias, los modos de hacer, los valores y las percepciones de lo que sucede en el contexto organizacional en el que se desempeñan los médicos residentes. Estudiar estas esferas permite adentrarse en la subcultura de los residentes y reconocer lo que facilita o restringe su aprendizaje.

Objetivo: Analizar a través de testimonios de residentes sobre incidentes críticos (IC), aspectos de la cultura institucional y el clima de la subcultura que posibilitan o limitan el aprendizaje.

Método: Estudio cualitativo e interpretativo cuya muestra consideró los testimonios de incidentes críticos de 135 residentes inscritos en el Plan Único de Especialidades Médicas de la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), en el ciclo Marzo 2012-Febrero 2013, de las cuatro especialidades troncales: Medicina Interna, Cirugía, Pediatría y Gineco-Obstetricia en un hospital privado (36.3%) y uno público (63.7%) de la Ciudad de México.

Resultados: Para los residentes del hospital público las jerarquías imperantes en el contexto clínico tuvieron efecto positivo en la eficacia de la atención médica, aunque también hubo abuso de poder, las menciones negativas aludieron a la falta de recursos. En el privado, la seguridad del paciente sobresalió en los relatos.

Discusión: La construcción de una visión compartida actuó como soporte de la cultura del grupo, los valores y normas permitieron que la respuesta ante la incertidumbre en un IC fuera más efectiva, fortaleció la cultura institucional y  avoreció el aprendizaje. Algunas de las diferencias recursos materiales, la coordinación entre los servicios de especialidades y la autonomía en la toma de decisiones, lo que tuvo distintos efectos en las oportunidades de aprendizaje delos residentes.

Conclusiones: La cultura institucional estuvo presente en el clima del subgrupo y se expresó en los IC descritos. Las particularidades en el aprendizaje de ambos hospitales fueron evidentes, sobre todo en la respuesta coordinada de los  servicios y en el grado de autonomía en la toma de decisiones.
Habilidades docentes en alumnos tutores en lectura crítica de investigación médica durante el internado de pregrado
Authors: Cobos-Aguilar Héctor , Pérez-Cortés Patricia , Garza-Garza Mario Alberto , Dávila-Rodríguez Gabriel , López-Juárez Daniel Omar , Zapata-Aguirre Liliana
Published: April 2015

Introducción: Los alumnos pueden ser tutores en medicina en clínica u otras áreas.

Objetivo: Evaluar las habilidades docentes de alumnos tutores en un curso de investigación por lectura crítica durante el internado de pregrado. Material y métodos: Se estudiaron dos grupos, G1 (n=5) con un profesor y discusión grupal y G2 con cuatro alumnos tutores y discusión subgrupal (n=10). El curso duró 40 horas, se desarrolló con resolución de guías de lectura en casa y la discusión referida. Se aplicaron cinco instrumentos: 1) lectura crítica con 108 reactivos, 2) actividades subgrupales del profesor con 17 reactivos, 3) actividades de los estudiantes en la discusión subgrupal con 18 reactivos, 4) evaluación de aspectos cualitativos por los estudiantes al tutor con 8 reactivos y 5) una autoevaluación del alumno tutor con 10 reactivos. Los instrumentos 1, 2 y 4 se evaluaron antes y después del curso. El instrumento 1 se calificó sumando las respuestas correctas y restando las incorrectas utilizando las medianas. Se compararon ambos grupos (U de Mann Whitney y Wilcoxon) el avance ponderal y el azar. Se utilizó una escala de Likert con valor de 1 (mínimo) al 4 (máximo) en los instrumentos 2 al 5; los valores se sumaron y se utilizaron medianas. Se determinó la consistencia en los instrumentos 1 al 4.

Resultados: En la lectura crítica no se observaron cambios significativos entre ambos grupos antes y después de las intervenciones, pero se observó avance ponderal y disminución del azar en G2. Los instrumentos 2, 3, 4 (Alfa de Cronbach > 0.75) reportaron medianas adecuadas en casi todos los aspectos. En instrumento 2, resultados cercanos al máximo al final en G2. Los tutores incrementan el afecto por sus alumnos.

Discusión: Alumnos tutores pueden desarrollar habilidades docentes complejas apoyando el aprendizaje en estudiantes. Estas estrategias están subutilizadas en nuestro medio.
Noticias y eventos en educación en Ciencias de la Salud
Authors: Torruco-García Uri
Published: April 2015

Recomendaciones de libros y revistas.

Reseña de nueva revista de acceso abierto.
¿Ser o decir?: He ahí el dilema
Authors: Sánchez-Mendiola Melchor
Published: April 2015

En este número de la revista hay diversos ejemplos de acciones que podemos aplicar en nuestro quehacer docente. Tenemos cuatro trabajos de investigación originales, sobre temas relevantes y de actualidad: la propuesta de un modelo de diseño de material digital para la enseñanza en estudiantes de Medicina; un estudio pre-post que analiza la formación docente de los profesores y su correlación con el desempeño académico de médicos generales que inician el curso de especialización en Medicina Familiar; un estudio de las percepciones sobre el estrés en estudiantes de primer año de Medicina, sus padres y profesores; y un estudio sobre el uso de la modalidad semipresencial con medios virtuales para el aprendizaje de la Medicina.
Utilidad para el aprendizaje de una modalidad educativa semipresencial en la carrera de Medicina
Authors: Amato Dante , Novales-Castro Xavier De Jesús
Published: April 2015

Introducción: El uso de modalidades educativas en línea parece ser una tendencia irreversible en todo el mundo. La modalidad semipresencial puede ser de utilidad en cursos con limitación de tiempo. Objetivos: Evaluar la utilidad para el aprendizaje que los alumnos de la carrera de Medicina atribuyen al uso de una modalidad educativa semipresencial, analizar el efecto de no tener computadora personal o acceso a internet en el domicilio sobre el aprendizaje y el tiempo dedicado a trabajar en el aula virtual y explorar los aspectos del trabajo con la modalidad semipresencial que más y menos agradan a los estudiantes. Método: Encuesta transversal en la que participaron 430 estudiantes de los primeros cuatro semestres. Se usaron aulas virtuales para distribución de viñetas con casos clínicos, videos y artículos, entrega de tareas y evaluación entre pares. La evaluación del aprendizaje se hizo mediante examen de opción múltiple (EOM), calificación final (CF) y autoevaluación (AE). Se aplicó un cuestionario para evaluar la utilidad para el aprendizaje que los estudiantes atribuyeron al uso de la modalidad semipresencial y la percepción de su aprendizaje. Resultados: La mayoría de los alumnos (76%) consideraron que el uso de la modalidad semipresencial fue útil para su aprendizaje. Usaron 1.7 horas a la semana de trabajo en el aula virtual por cada hora/semana de trabajo en el aula presencial. El tener o no computadora personal y/o acceso a internet en el domicilio tuvo efectos de poca magnitud sobre la utilidad para el aprendizaje atribuida al uso del aula virtual. Conclusiones: La mayoría de los participantes opinaron que la modalidad semipresencial fue útil para su aprendizaje. El resultado es alentador para seguir usando la modalidad.
¿Cómo hacer del título de un artículo un anzuelo para lectores?
Authors: Morales-Castillo José Daniel , Barrientos-Jiménez Mirlene , Giovanni León-Cardona Alan
Published: April 2015

Escribir artículos científicos es una actividad fundamental para cualquier investigador. El propósito de hacerlos es claro: difundir su estudio y atraer el mayor número posible de lectores. Uno de los grandes retos que enfrenta el autor o los autores al escribir su artículo es cómo realizar el título de su manuscrito. Es por ello que el objetivo de nuestro trabajo es brindar recomendaciones para facilitar su elaboración y no morir en el intento.
Carta al editor
Authors: León-Cardona Alan Giovanni
Published: April 2015

Muy interesante su Editorial del Número 10, Año 3, “¿Aprender con la mente o con el corazón? Retos de la investigación en educación médica”. Debo admitir que me sorprende y que además celebro con entusiasmo que, al menos dentro de la Educación Médica, se esté empezando a incursionar en los aspectos emocionales del aprendizaje. Misión que parece heroica pues, al ser las emociones poco entendidas y aún peor poco manejadas hábilmente, se dejan debajo de la alfombra con la esperanza de que algún día desaparezcan. Es estimulante la revisión que usted
Autorregulación en estudiantes de medicina: traducción, adaptación y aplicación de un instrumento para medirla
Authors: Duran Cárdenas Cassandra , Varela Ruiz Margarita , Fortoul van der Goes Teresa
Published: April 2015

Introducción: El aprendizaje autorregulado deja a la iniciativa del alumno la identificación de sus propias necesidades de aprendizaje (con o sin ayuda), de modo que es el alumno quien tiene la responsabilidad de su aprendizaje, a partir de una serie de habilidades: cognitivas, metacoenitivas y afectivas. El Plan de Estudios 2010 de la Facultad de Medicina UNAM, está organizado por asignaturas con un enfoque por competencias, entre estás el Aprendizaje Autorreeulado y permanente. Para su evaluación, se ubicaron estas habilidades en la Escala de Autoevaluación del Aprendizaje Autodirigido versión Italiana (2013).

 

Método: Se realizó un proceso de traducción, adaptación y validación intercultural del instrumento para su uso. Se piloteó en una muestra de estudiantes de medicina que cursaban los dos primeros años de la licenciatura, a los que se informó el motivo del estudio y se solicitó verbalmente su participación. El instrumento contenía 40 ítems, con cinco opciones de respuesta.

 

Resultados. 265 estudiantes lo respondieron, la edad media fue de 19 años 1.4; por sexo 157 (59.2%) mujeres, 97 (36.6%) hombres y en 11 (4.2%) no lo indicaron. Se aplicó un análisis factonal exploratono, donde se obtuvieron 30 ítems careados en ocho dimensiones o factores, se eliminaron diez ítems. La medida de adecuación muestral de Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin se reporta de 0.885, lo que muestra una buena adaptación de los datos. El de Cronbach de 0.893, refleja que los datos obtenidos pueden ser  reproducidos. Discusión. Se compara el instrumento versión italiana con la actual y los resultados obtenidos son muy similares. 

 

Conclusiones. Con los datos obtenidos consideramos que este instrumento es útil para evaluar el aprendizaje autorregulado. Por lo que, es conveniente aplicarlo para reunir más evidencia de validez, y así proponerlo como una opción de evaluación del aprendizaje autorregulado para esta competencia.
HOW TO MAKE INVIDIOUS DISTINCTIONS AMONGST RELIABLE TESTIFIERS
Authors: Fricker Elizabeth
Published: April 2015

I propose an account of the supply domain for testimonial knowledge: intentional acts in which a speaker offers her word on a matter to her intended audience. Such acts are effected by speech acts of telling exploiting a shared language. From this account I derive an account of the proper doxastic response to such a telling that P, namely accepting the speaker’s offered word that P. I show that one who takes the speaker’s word is committed to holding that she was epistemically so placed as to properly offer her word – namely, that she knows that P. I use my account of the supply domain for and proper response to testimony, to show what is wrong with a thin reliabilist conception of the good supply domain for testimony. The thin conception has it that any reliable testifier is an apt source. I argue that only those who know what they state properly offer their word, and only from them can knowledge be gained through the Core Mechanism, taking the speaker’s word for what she states.
Host fidelity over geologic time: restricted use of oaks by oak gallwasps
Authors: Leckey Erin H. , Smith Dena M.
Published: April 2015

Oaks and their associated gallwasps are often cited as a classic example of coevolution in a plant-insect system. Therefore, it is expected that these gallwasps should demonstrate a high degree of host fidelity over their evolutionary history. To test this, we studied 25 fossil floras from the Oligocene through Pliocene of the western United States. Galls were found on the leaves ofQuercus simulata-type Knowlton, 1898 andQ. pollardiana-type (Knowlton) Axelrod, 1940, and match previously reported galls of the form genusAntronoidesWaggoner and Poteet, 1996. These fossil leaf-galls are similar to those made on oaks by modern Cynipini wasps, and were restricted to two oak species. Galls are present on these oaks in western floras for a span of 30 million years, indicative of remarkable host fidelity through time. The distribution of galled leaves from across the western United States indicates that the radiation of this group of gallwasps occurred more or less simultaneously across a wide geographic area.
Paleoenvironmental and paleobiological origins of coccolithophorid genusWatznaueriaemergence during the late Aalenian–early Bajocian
Authors: Suchéras-Marx Baptiste , Mattioli Emanuela , Giraud Fabienne , Escarguel Gilles
Published: April 2015

The latest Aalenian–early Bajocian time interval (ca. 171-169 Ma) is marked by a global reorganization of oceanic plates with the Central Atlantic opening and the formation of the Pacific plate. This time interval is also marked by a global geochemical perturbation of δ13C with a negative excursion at the Aalenian/Bajocian boundary and a positive excursion during the early Bajocian. Evolutionary diversifications of marine invertebrate taxa, namely ammonites, radiolarians, and coccolithophorids, are recorded at that time. Concerning coccolithophorids, this interval witnesses the diversification and expansion of the most successful Mesozoic genus:Watznaueria. In this study, we explore the potential environmental, ecological, and biological forcing at the origin ofWatznaueriadiversification and its effect on the coccolith assemblages through quantification of the absolute and relative abundances of calcareous nannofossils in two Middle Jurassic key sections: Cabo Mondego (Portugal) and Chaudon-Norante (France). In both sections, we find an increase in nannofossil absolute abundance and flux at the beginning of the lower Bajocian, coeval with an increase in absolute and relative abundances ofWatznaueriaspp., followed by a plateau in the middle and upper part of the lower Bajocian. The increase ofWatznaueriaspp. is synchronous with a decrease in relative abundance of other major coccolith taxa, whereas the absolute abundance of these species did not decrease. During the climatically driven early Bajocian eutrophication event,Watznaueriaspp. integrated into the calcareous nannoplankton community in two successive evolutionary steps involving firstW. contractaandW. colaccicchii, and secondW. britannicaandW.aff.manivitiae. Step 1 was driven by an increase in niche carrying capacities linked to the early Bajocian eutrophication. Step 2 was driven by specific adaptation of the newly evolvedWatznaueriaspecies to bloom in nutrient-rich environments not exploited before. These evolutionary events have initiated the 100-Myr reign ofWatznaueriaover the calcareous nannoplankton community.
‘THE TIME OF THE LEAFLET’: PAMPHLETS AND POLITICAL COMMUNICATION IN THE UPA (NORTHERN ANGOLA, AROUND 1961)
Authors: Brinkman Inge
Published: April 2015

In March 1961, war broke out in Northern Angola. The Portuguese authorities attributed the violence to the UPA – a nationalist movement led by Northern Angolan immigrants resident in Congo. The movement's leadership tried to keep in contact with its (potential) followers in Northern Angola by various means, pamphlets being one of the most important. Written for a local audience, these pamphlets provide an insight into the inner lines of communication – and internal hierarchies – of the nationalist movement. By using Darnton's ‘communication circuit’ model, this article investigates the processes of writing, distributing and reading the pamphlets and analyses their generic characteristics, and their position in a tradition of regional popular literacy. In so doing, an interpretation is offered of the social history of the pamphlets: they are treated as a historical subject in their own right. While they can be read as anti-colonial tracts, it is shown that the pamphlets' main concern is to establish the mandate of a leadership in exile over a constituency in Northern Angola.
Clitics: Separating syntax and prosody
Authors: LOWE JOHN J.
Published: April 2015

A problematic feature of clitic positioning attested in a number of languages is the ability of a clitic to appear inside a syntactic unit of which it is not itself a part, apparently due to prosodic restrictions on its positioning. The influence of prosody on syntax presents a challenge for any formal account, particularly any that strives to respect a modular view of the grammatical architecture. I present an account of clitic positioning within a recently proposed model of the syntax–phonology interface that aims at full modularity, showing that it is indeed possible in such an architecture, and showing where and how prosody and syntax interact in this model.
Liberal global justice and social science
Authors: NILI SHMUEL
Published: April 2015

My aim in this article is to ask how both the findings and the limitations of social science should inform the debate on global economic justice among liberal political philosophers. More specifically, I make three claims. First, I show that social science research casts doubt on key premises of important liberal global justice theories. However, second, I also suggest that empirical questions pivotal to these theories bring to the fore important limitations inherent to social science work on global issues. These limitations lead me to argue, third, that new normative concerns should feature in liberal discussions about global reform.
OPTIMIZATION OF OVERFLOW POLICIES IN CALL CENTERS
Authors: Koole G.M. , Nielsen B.F. , Nielsen T.B.
Published: April 2015

We examine how overflow policies in a multi-skill call center should be designed to accommodate performance measures that depend on waiting time percentiles such as service level. This is done using a discrete Markovian approximation of the waiting time of the first customers waiting in line. A Markov decision chain is used to determine the optimal policy. This policy outperforms considerably the ones used most often in practice, which use a fixed threshold. The present method can be used also for other call-center models and other situations where performance is based on actual waiting times and customers are treated in a FCFS order.
The New Legal Realist Approach to International Law
Authors: SHAFFER GREGORY
Published: April 2015

The New Legal Realist approach to international law builds from a jurisprudential tradition that asks how actors use and apply law in order to understand how law obtains meaning, is practised, and changes over time. The article addresses the jurisprudential roots of the New Legal Realism, its core attributes, and six important components in the current transnational context. In the pragmatist tradition, the New Legal Realism is both empirical and problem-centred, attending to both context and legal normativity. What is new is the rise of transnational activity that gives rise to an enlarged scope of transnational problem-solving through international law in radically new ways across areas of law, and the growth of empirical study of these phenomena. The article concludes by addressing the potential risks of the New Legal Realist approach in terms of scientism and relativism, and it responds to them.
Current Trends in the Definition of ‘Perpetrator’ by the International Criminal Court: From the Decision on the Confirmation of Charges in theLubangacase to theKatangajudgment
Authors: GIL ALICIA GIL , MACULAN ELENA
Published: April 2015

The jurisprudence of the International Criminal Court (ICC) up to theLubangajudgment showed definite interpretive trends on the modes of principal liability. This article aims first to make a critical assessment of these trends by focusing on methodological and substantive aspects. On the one hand, the practice of having resort to theories derived from Continental legal systems, albeit legitimate, is based on a methodology that raises some concerns as to the selection and (mis)interpretation of such theories. On the other hand, the Court has clearly adopted a wide interpretation of some critical elements in which the different modes of principal liability are grounded. This choice has caused a significant expansion of the scope of principal liability as well as a breach of the principles of legality and of individual criminal responsibility. In our opinion, the underpinning of these interpretations is a flawed understanding of the criteria for distinguishing between principals and accessories.

This perspective has been overturned by theKatangajudgment, on which the second part of this article will focus. This judgment correctly argues that the distinction between perpetrators and accomplices is grounded only on the autonomous or vicarious character of their contribution to the offence. Furthermore, it follows a partly different approach as to both the methodology and the interpretation of the constitutive elements of principal liability. In our view, this approach better fits both the relevant statutory provision and the basic principles of criminal law.
Fighting against the archaeological looting and the illicit trade of antiquities in Spain
Authors: Rodríguez Temiño Ignacio , Roma Valdés Antonio
Published: April 2015

During the seventies, archaeological looting, of both land and underwater sites, not only was widespread in Spain, but also went unpunished. This situation stemmed from a lack of effective administrative and criminal legislation, human resources to combat the plague, and educational policies warning of how harmful such practices were, in spite of damning reports in the media and the social alarm raised in certain professional and political fields. The new political and social phase that began with the Constitution of 1978 has enabled the country to overcome this situation in three ways: first, by passing new, more appropriate administrative and criminal laws to help combat looting and illicit trade; second, through the creation of new regional governments (the autonomous communities) able to enforce these laws, and which have hired archaeologists specializing in cultural heritage management. The fight against the criminal aspect of looting and the illicit trade of antiquities has also been intensified by the creation of police and prosecuting bodies dedicated to the area of cultural heritage, among others. Last, educational policies have been put in place to help increase social awareness of the importance of our cultural heritage and the global loss its destruction represents. In this article we will present the first two points that have improved the initial situation as regards archaeological looting and the illicit trade of looted goods.
Indonesia’s Implementation of Inventory Obligation under UNESCO’s Intangible Cultural Heritage Convention: Problems in the Online Inventories
Authors: Dachlan Rangga
Published: April 2015

Article 12 of the Convention on the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage, 2003, provides that the States Parties are under obligation at the national level to draw up one or more inventories of the intangible cultural heritage present in their respective territories. Indonesia has been a State Party to the Convention since 2007, but until now, no specific law on intangible cultural heritage has been enacted. In 2010, the Indonesian Ministry of Education and Culture, jointly with UNESCO, published the Practical Handbook for Inventory of Intangible Cultural Heritage of Indonesia. With the legal vacuum, the Handbook became a source for guidelines on the implementation of the inventory obligation in Indonesia; it provides that there shall be a manual inventory and an online inventory. However, in practice, there are two web sites functioning as online inventories, and the contents of the two web sites do not seem to reflect one of the Convention’s purposes, which is awareness. This article scrutinizes the contents of the publicly accessible online inventories and finds that the absence of statutory regulation has resulted in difficulties for those inventories to fulfill the purpose of awareness as mandated by the Convention.
The Rape of Kuwait’s National Memory
Authors: Montgomery Bruce P.
Published: April 2015

In the August 1990 invasion of Kuwait, Iraqi forces prosecuted a mass campaign of pillage and destruction. Under the coordinated direction of Iraqi curators who were well acquainted with Kuwait’s cultural treasures, occupying Iraqi troops plundered thousands of cultural objects from museums, libraries, and archives. Among the pillaged cultural spoils were Kuwait’s national archives, comprising the emirate’s historical memory. Until recently, Iraq was beholden to UN sanctions demanding the return of missing persons and property, including Kuwait’s archives. Although the United Nations Security Council for many years has facilitated efforts to search for the lost archives, these efforts have proved futile. This article explores the plausibility of the two most likely scenarios surrounding the cold case of Kuwait’s missing archives: 1) that the current search for the archives has overlooked the possibility that they were unknowingly seized by US forces in the 2003 invasion of Iraq and are currently being held by the Pentagon; and 2) that the archives may have been intentionally destroyed as part of Saddam Hussein’s aim to obliterate Kuwait’s national identity and annex the emirate as Iraq’s nineteenth province.
Expanding Research on Decentering as Measured by the Portuguese Version of the Experiences Questionnaire
Authors: Gregório Sónia , Pinto-Gouveia José , Duarte Cristiana , Simões Luís
Published: April 2015

For long decentering has been regarded as a crucial process for well-being and health. Thus, reliable measures are needed to assess decentering. This study aimed at examining the psychometric characteristics of the Portuguese version of the Experiences Questionnaire (EQ), and to contribute to gather new evidence on the role of this particular measure of decentering on the well-known relationship between rumination and depressive symptoms. The EQ factorial structure was assessed through a Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) conducted in 709 participants (66% women; 34% men). CFA’ results supported a 10-item solution (χ2/df = 2.62; CFI = .96; TLI = .95; RMSEA = .05, CI = .04 to .06) with high internal consistency (α = .81), test-retest reliability (r = .86; p < .010) and construct validity. Two path analyses were further conducted in a subsample exploring the indirect effect of rumination on depression through the mechanism of decentering as assessed by the specific measure of EQ, and by the non-specific measure of decentering TMS. Decentering, only when measured by EQ, significantly emerged as a mechanism through which the relationship between rumination and depressive symptoms also operates (R2 = .22). Findings highlight the importance of using EQ as a specific measure of this transdiagnostic process in research and clinical settings.
Personality Traits, Future Time Perspective and Adaptive Behavior in Adolescence
Authors: Gomes Carvalho Renato Gil , Novo Rosa Ferreira
Published: April 2015

Several studies provide evidence of the importance of future time perspective (FTP) for individual success. However, little research addresses the relationship between FTP and personality traits, particularly if FTP can mediate their influence on behavior. In this study we analyze the mediating of FTP in the influence of personality traits on the way adolescents live their life at school. Sample consisted in 351 students, aged from 14 to 18 years-old, at different schooling levels. Instruments were the Portuguese version of the MMPI-A, particularly the PSY-5 dimensions (Aggressiveness, Psychoticism, Disconstraint, Neuroticism, Introversion), a FTP questionnaire, and a survey on school life, involving several indicators of achievement, social integration, and overall satisfaction. With the exception of Neuroticism, the results show significant mediation effects (p< .001) of FTP on most relationships between PSY-5 dimensions and school life variables. Concerning Disconstraint, FTP mediated its influence on overall satisfaction (β = –.125) and school achievement (β = –.106). In the case of Introversion, significant mediation effects occurred for interpersonal difficulties (β = .099) and participation in extracurricular activities (β = –.085). FTP was also a mediator of Psychoticism influence in overall satisfaction (β = –.094), interpersonal difficulties (β = .057), and behavior problems (β = .037). Finally, FTP mediated the influence of Aggressiveness on overall satisfaction (β = –.061), interpersonal difficulties (β = .040), achievement (β = –.052), and behavior problems (β = .023). Results are discussed considering the importance of FTP in the impact of some personality structural characteristics in students’ school adaptation.
Individual Recovery Profiles in Basketball Players
Authors: Moreno Jordi , Ramos-Castro Juan , Rodas Gil , Tarragó Joan R. , Capdevila Lluís
Published: April 2015

In the sport context, recovery has been characterized as a multifactor process (physiological, psychological, behavioral, social, etc.). This study takes a multidisciplinary approach to find psychophysiological markers of the stress-recovery process. It aims to determine how athletes’ specific recovery actions relate to their perceptions of recovery, and Heart Rate Variability (HRV). A total of 196 assessments were analyzed from 6 players on a men’s professional basketball team within the Liga LEB Oro basketball federation (2012/2013 season). Perceptions of recovery, recovery strategies, and HRV were recorded. The results show a pattern of individual differences in behavior related to athletes’ recovery actions and HRV profiles throughout the season (p< .05). Moreover, we observed that each player had different recovery needs. In light of these results, we suggest an individualistic approach to evaluating and monitoring recovery to attend more accurately to each player’s recovery needs.
Haematological cancer and quality of life: a systematic literature review
Authors: Allart-Vorelli P , Porro B , Baguet F , Michel A , Cousson-Gélie F
Published: April 2015

The aim of this study is to examine the impact of haematological cancers on quality of life (QoL). A review of the international literature was conducted from the databases ‘PsycInfo' and 'Medline' using the keywords: 'haematological cancer', 'quality of life', 'physical', 'psychological', 'social', 'vocational', 'professional', 'economic', 'cognitive', and 'sexual'. Twenty-one reliable studies were analysed. Among these studies, 12 showed that haematological cancer altered overall QoL, 8 papers found a deterioration of physical dimension, 8 papers reported on functional and role dimensions, 11 papers reported on the psychological component and 9 on the social component. Moreover, one study and two manuscripts, respectively, reported deteriorated sexual and cognitive dimensions. Our review demonstrates that the different dimensions of QoL are deteriorated by haematological malignancies and, probably, by the side effects of treatment.
Stability and succession of the rhizosphere microbiota depends upon plant type and soil composition
Authors: Tkacz Andrzej , Cheema Jitender , Chandra Govind , Grant Alastair , Poole Philip S
Published: April 2015

We examined succession of the rhizosphere microbiota of three model plants (Arabidopsis, Medicago and Brachypodium) in compost and sand and three crops (Brassica, Pisum and Triticum) in compost alone. We used serial inoculation of 24 independent replicate microcosms over three plant generations for each plant/soil combination. Stochastic variation between replicates was surprisingly weak and by the third generation, replicate microcosms for each plant had communities that were very similar to each other but different to those of other plants or unplanted soil. Microbiota diversity remained high in compost, but declined drastically in sand, with bacterial opportunists and putative autotrophs becoming dominant. These dramatic differences indicate that many microbes cannot thrive on plant exudates alone and presumably also require carbon sources and/or nutrients from soil. Arabidopsis had the weakest influence on its microbiota and in compost replicate microcosms converged on three alternative community compositions rather than a single distinctive community. Organisms selected in rhizospheres can have positive or negative effects. Two abundant bacteria are shown to promote plant growth, but in Brassica the pathogen Olpidium brassicae came to dominate the fungal community. So plants exert strong selection on the rhizosphere microbiota but soil composition is critical to its stability. microbial succession/ plant–microbe interactions/rhizosphere microbiota/selection.
Ubiquitination of the Dishevelled DIX domain blocks its head-to-tail polymerization
Authors: Madrzak Julia , Fiedler Marc , Johnson Christopher M. , Ewan Richard , Knebel Axel , Bienz Mariann , Chin Jason W.
Published: April 2015

Dishevelled relays Wnt signals from the plasma membrane to different cytoplasmic effectors. Its signalling activity depends on its DIX domain, which undergoes head-to-tail polymerization to assemble signalosomes. The DIX domain is ubiquitinated in vivo at multiple lysines, which can be antagonized by various deubiquitinases (DUBs) including the CYLD tumour suppressor that attenuates Wnt signalling. Here, we generate milligram quantities of pure human Dvl2 DIX domain mono-ubiquitinated at two lysines (K54 and K58) by genetically encoded orthogonal protection with activated ligation (GOPAL), to investigate their effect on DIX polymerization. We show that the ubiquitination of DIX at K54 blocks its polymerization in solution, whereas DIX58-Ub remains oligomerization-competent. DUB profiling identified 28 DUBs that cleave DIX-ubiquitin conjugates, half of which prefer, or are specific for, DIX54-Ub, including Cezanne and CYLD. These DUBs thus have the potential to promote Dvl polymerization and signalosome formation, rather than antagonize it as previously thought for CYLD.
Long-range evolutionary constraints reveal cis-regulatory interactions on the human X chromosome
Authors: Naville Magali , Ishibashi Minaka , Ferg Marco , Bengani Hemant , Rinkwitz Silke , Krecsmarik Monika , Hawkins Thomas A. , Wilson Stephen W. , Manning Elizabeth , Chilamakuri Chandra S. R. , Wilson David I. , Louis Alexandra , Lucy Raymond F. , Rastegar Sepand , Strähle Uwe , Lenhard Boris , Bally-Cuif Laure , van Heyningen Veronica , FitzPatrick David R. , Becker Thomas S. , Roest Crollius Hugues
Published: April 2015

Enhancers can regulate the transcription of genes over long genomic distances. This is thought to lead to selection against genomic rearrangements within such regions that may disrupt this functional linkage. Here we test this concept experimentally using the human X chromosome. We describe a scoring method to identify evolutionary maintenance of linkage between conserved noncoding elements and neighbouring genes. Chromatin marks associated with enhancer function are strongly correlated with this linkage score. We test >1,000 putative enhancers by transgenesis assays in zebrafish to ascertain the identity of the target gene. The majority of active enhancers drive a transgenic expression in a pattern consistent with the known expression of a linked gene. These results show that evolutionary maintenance of linkage is a reliable predictor of an enhancer’s function, and provide new information to discover the genetic basis of diseases caused by the mis-regulation of gene expression.
P2-Na0.6[Cr0.6Ti0.4]O2 cation-disordered electrode for high-rate symmetric rechargeable sodium-ion batteries
Authors: Wang Yuesheng , Xiao Ruijuan , Hu Yong-Sheng , Avdeev Maxim , Chen Liquan
Published: April 2015

Most P2-type layered oxides exhibit Na+/vacancy-ordered superstructures because of strong Na+–Na+ interaction in the alkali metal layer and charge ordering in the transition metal layer. These superstructures evidenced by voltage plateaus in the electrochemical curves limit the Na+ ion transport kinetics and cycle performance in rechargeable batteries. Here we show that such Na+/vacancy ordering can be avoided by choosing the transition metal ions with similar ionic radii and different redox potentials, for example, Cr3+ and Ti4+. The designed P2-Na0.6[Cr0.6Ti0.4]O2 is completely Na+/vacancy-disordered at any sodium content and displays excellent rate capability and long cycle life. A symmetric sodium-ion battery using the same P2-Na0.6[Cr0.6Ti0.4]O2 electrode delivers 75% of the initial capacity at 12C rate. Our contribution demonstrates that the approach of preventing Na+/vacancy ordering by breaking charge ordering in the transition metal layer opens a simple way to design disordered electrode materials with high power density and long cycle life.
Anisotropic modulation of magnetic properties and the memory effect in a wide-band (011)-Pr0.7Sr0.3MnO3/PMN-PT heterostructure
Authors: Zhao Ying-Ying , Wang Jing , Kuang Hao , Hu Feng-Xia , Liu Yao , Wu Rong-Rong , Zhang Xi-Xiang , Sun Ji-Rong , Shen Bao-Gen
Published: April 2015

Memory effect of electric-field control on magnetic behavior in magnetoelectric composite heterostructures has been a topic of interest for a long time. Although the piezostrain and its transfer across the interface of ferroelectric/ferromagnetic films are known to be important in realizing magnetoelectric coupling, the underlying mechanism for nonvolatile modulation of magnetic behaviors remains a challenge. Here, we report on the electric-field control of magnetic properties in wide-band (011)-Pr0.7Sr0.3MnO3/0.7Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-0.3PbTiO3 heterostructures. By introducing an electric-field-induced in-plane anisotropic strain field during the cooling process from room temperature, we observe an in-plane anisotropic, nonvolatile modulation of magnetic properties in a wide-band Pr0.7Sr0.3MnO3 film at low temperatures. We attribute this anisotropic memory effect to the preferential seeding and growth of ferromagnetic (FM) domains under the anisotropic strain field. In addition, we find that the anisotropic, nonvolatile modulation of magnetic properties gradually diminishes as the temperature approaches FM transition, indicating that the nonvolatile memory effect is temperature dependent. By taking into account the competition between thermal energy and the potential barrier of the metastable magnetic state induced by the anisotropic strain field, this distinct memory effect is well explained, which provides a promising approach for designing novel electric-writing magnetic memories.
Synergistic Protection of N-Acetylcysteine and Ascorbic Acid 2-Phosphate on Human Mesenchymal Stem cells Against Mitoptosis, Necroptosis and Apoptosis
Authors: Li Chia-Jung , Sun Li-Yi , Pang Cheng-Yoong
Published: April 2015

Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) contribute to ischemic tissue repair, regeneration and possess ability to self-renew. However, poor viability of transplanted hMSCs within ischemic tissues has limited its therapeutic efficiency. Therefore, it is urgent to explore new method to improve the viability of the grafted cells. By using a systematic analysis, we reveal the mechanism of synergistic protection of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and ascorbic acid 2-phosphate (AAP) on hMSCs that were under H2O2-induced oxidative stress. The combined treatment of NAC and AAP (NAC/AAP) reduces reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, stabilizes mitochondrial membrane potential and decreases mitochondrial fission/fragmentation due to oxidative stress. Mitochondrial fission/fragmentation is a major prologue of mitoptosis. NAC/AAP prevents apoptotic cell death via decreasing the activation of BAX, increasing the expression of BCL2 and reducing cytochrome c release from mitochondria that might lead to the activation of caspase cascade. Stabilization of mitochondria also prevents the release of AIF, and its nuclear translocation which may activate necroptosis via H2AX pathway. The decreasing of mitoptosis is further studied by MicroP image analysis and is associated with decreased activation of Drp1. In conclusion, NAC/AAP protects mitochondria from H2O2-induced oxidative stress and rescues hMSCs from mitoptosis, necroptosis and apoptosis.
Transcriptomic responses of corpuscle of Stannius gland of Japanese eels (Anguilla japonica) to Changes in Water Salinity
Authors: Gu Jie , Li Jing-Woei , Tse William Ka-Fai , Chan Ting-Fung , Lai Keng-Po , Wong Chris Kong-Chu
Published: April 2015

Physiological studies of a unique endocrine gland in fish, named corpuscles of Stannius (CS), described a Ca2+-regulatory function for this gland mediated by stanniocalcin-1, a hypocalcemic polypeptide hormone. However, to date, the endocrine functions of the glands have not been completely elucidated.

We hypothesized that other unidentified active principles in the glands are involved in the regulation of plasma ion (Na+, Ca2+) and/or blood pressure. In this study, transcriptome sequencing of CS glands was performed using Japanese eels (Anguilla japonica) adapted to freshwater (FW) or seawater (SW) to reveal the presence and differential expression of genes encoding proteins related to the ion-osmoregulatory and pressor functions. We acquired a total of 14.1 Mb and 12.1 Mb quality-trimmed reads from the CS glands collected from FW and SW adapted eels, respectively. The de novo assembly resulted in 9254 annotated genes. Among them, 475 genes were differentially expressed with 357 up- and 118 down-regulated in the SW group. Gene ontology analysis further demonstrated the presence of natriuresis and pressor related genes. In summary, ours is the first study using high-throughput sequencing to identify gene targets that could explain the physiological importance of the CS glands.