bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lowering the threshold of alanine aminotransferase for enhanced identification of significant hepatic injury in chronic hepatitis B patients
Authors: Yu Hong-Sheng , Jiang Hao , Li Ming-Kai , Yang Bi-Lan , Smayi Abdukyamu , Chen Jian-Ning , Wu Bin , Yang Yi-Dong
Published: September 2023

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains a significant public health challenge and is currently the fourth leading cause of cancer-related mortality in developed countries. Despite advances in cancer treatment, the 5-year survival rate for patients with PDAC remains less than 5%. In recent years, neoadjuvant therapy (NAT) has emerged as a promising treatment option for many cancer types, including locally advanced PDAC, with the potential to improve patient outcomes. To analyze the role of NAT in the setting of locally advanced PDAC over the past decade, a systematic literature search was conducted using PubMed and Web of Science. The results suggest that NAT may reduce the local mass size, promote tumor downstaging, and increase the likelihood of resection. These findings are supported by the latest evidence-based medical literature and the clinical experience of our center. Despite the potential benefits of NAT, there are still challenges that need to be addressed. One such challenge is the lack of consensus on the optimal timing and duration of NAT. Improved criteria for patient selection are needed to further identify PDAC patients likely to respond to NAT. In conclusion, NAT has emerged as a promising treatment option for locally advanced PDAC. However, further research is needed to optimize its use and to better understand the role of NAT in the management of this challenging disease. With continued advances in cancer treatment, there is hope of improving the outcomes of patients with PDAC in the future.
Correction to “Role of prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics in management of inflammatory bowel disease: Current perspectives”
Authors: Roy Supriya , Dhaneshwar Suneela
Published: September 2023

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains a significant public health challenge and is currently the fourth leading cause of cancer-related mortality in developed countries. Despite advances in cancer treatment, the 5-year survival rate for patients with PDAC remains less than 5%. In recent years, neoadjuvant therapy (NAT) has emerged as a promising treatment option for many cancer types, including locally advanced PDAC, with the potential to improve patient outcomes. To analyze the role of NAT in the setting of locally advanced PDAC over the past decade, a systematic literature search was conducted using PubMed and Web of Science. The results suggest that NAT may reduce the local mass size, promote tumor downstaging, and increase the likelihood of resection. These findings are supported by the latest evidence-based medical literature and the clinical experience of our center. Despite the potential benefits of NAT, there are still challenges that need to be addressed. One such challenge is the lack of consensus on the optimal timing and duration of NAT. Improved criteria for patient selection are needed to further identify PDAC patients likely to respond to NAT. In conclusion, NAT has emerged as a promising treatment option for locally advanced PDAC. However, further research is needed to optimize its use and to better understand the role of NAT in the management of this challenging disease. With continued advances in cancer treatment, there is hope of improving the outcomes of patients with PDAC in the future.
SEORANG WANITA PENJAJA SEKS DENGAN INFEKSI MENULAR SEKSUAL MULTIPEL DAN HIV POSITIF
Authors: Nurhadi Stefani
Published: September 2023

Wanita penjaja seks (WPS) memiliki risiko tinggi terkena infeksi menular seksual (IMS) dan Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). Estimasi jumlah WPS di berbagai negara di Asia bervariasi. Tingkat prevalensi HIV yang tinggi diketahui terjadi di kalangan WPS di berbagai wilayah, termasuk beberapa negara di Afrika, Eropa Timur, Amerika Latin, dan Asia. Prevalensi IMS yang tinggi pada WPS juga menjadi faktor risiko penularan HIV. Bukti menunjukkan bahwa pengendalian IMS dapat mengurangi penularan HIV. Studi ini melaporkan satu kasus WPS dengan HIV positif dan infeksi menular seksual multipel, untuk meningkatkan pemahaman tentang perilaku berisiko, hubungan IMS-HIV, dan pencegahannya. Pada kasus ini, seorang wanita pekerja seks (WPS) dengan risiko tinggi tertular infeksi menular seksual (IMS) dan HIV. Wanita tersebut bekerja sebagai pekerja seks langsung di rumah bordil di Bali. Saat berhubungan seksual pasien tidak selalu mengenakan kondom. Pasien sudah bekerja sebagai WPS selama 1 tahun. Penderita mengaku sulit keluar dari pekerjaan tersebut karena ia tidak memiliki keterampilan lain untuk bekerja. Prognosis pada pasien ini dubius ad malam, karena Riwayat risiko tinggi berupa pasangan seksual multiple, tidak selalu menggunakan kondom saat berhubungan seksual, sulit untuk alih profesi dan daya tahan tubuh yang rendah akibat infeksi HIV. Di Indonesia, prostitusi ilegal dan dianggap fenomena negatif. WPS menghadapi kendala seperti stigma, diskriminasi, dan keterbatasan akses terhadap layanan kesehatan. Penting untuk memberikan intervensi yang meliputi penggunaan kondom yang konsisten, skrining IMS rutin, tes HIV, dan pemberdayaan WPS. Intervensi struktural juga diperlukan, termasuk kerjasama dengan mucikari, kebijakan kondom wajib, dan program pemberdayaan sosial.
Molecular Abundance of the Circumnuclear Region Surrounding an Active Galactic Nucleus in NGC 1068 Based on an Imaging Line Survey in the 3 mm Band with ALMA
Authors: Nakajima Taku , Takano Shuro , Tosaki Tomoka , Taniguchi Akio , Harada Nanase , Saito Toshiki , Imanishi Masatoshi , Nishimura Yuri , Izumi Takuma , Tamura Yoichi , Kohno Kotaro , Herbst Eric
Published: September 2023

We present an imaging molecular line survey in the 3 mm band (85–114 GHz) focused on one of the nearest galaxies with an active galactic nucleus (AGN), NGC 1068, based on observations taken with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array. Distributions of 23 molecular transitions are obtained in the central ∼3 kpc region, including both the circumnuclear disk (CND) and starburst ring (SBR) with 60 and 350 pc resolution. The column densities and relative abundances of all the detected molecules are estimated under the assumption of local thermodynamic equilibrium in the CND and SBR. Then, we discuss the physical and chemical effects of the AGN on molecular abundance corresponding to the observation scale. We found that H13CN, SiO, HCN, and H13CO+ are abundant in the CND relative to the SBR. In contrast, 13CO is more abundant in the SBR. Based on the calculated column density ratios of N(HCN)/N(HCO+), N(HCN)/N(CN), and other molecular distributions, we conclude that the enhancement of HCN in the CND may be due to high-temperature environments resulting from strong shocks, which are traced by the SiO emission. Moreover, the abundance of CN in the CND is significantly lower than the expected value of the model calculations in the region affected by strong radiation. The expected strong X-ray irradiation from the AGN has a relatively lower impact on the molecular abundance in the CND than mechanical feedback.
Large Photospheric Doppler Shift in Solar Active Region 12673. I. Field-aligned Flows
Authors: Liu 刘 Jiayi 嘉奕 , Sun 孙 Xudong 旭东 , Schuck Peter W. , Jaeggli Sarah A. , Welsch Brian T. , Quintero Noda C.
Published: September 2023

Delta (δ) sunspots sometimes host fast photospheric flows along the central magnetic polarity inversion line (PIL). Here we study the strong Doppler shift signature in the central penumbral light bridge of solar active region NOAA 12673. Observations from the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI) indicate highly sheared and strong magnetic fields. Large Doppler shifts up to 3.2 km s−1 appeared during the formation of the light bridge and persisted for about 16 hr. A new velocity estimator, called DAVE4VMwDV, reveals fast converging and shearing motion along the PIL from HMI vector magnetograms, and recovers the observed Doppler signal much better than an old version of the algorithm. The inferred velocity vectors are largely (anti-)parallel to the inclined magnetic fields, suggesting that the observed Doppler shift contains a significant contribution from the projected field-aligned flows. High-resolution observations from the Hinode/Spectro-Polarimeter further exhibit a clear correlation between the Doppler velocity and the cosine of the magnetic inclination, which is in agreement with HMI results and consistent with a field-aligned flow of about 9.6 km s−1. The complex Stokes profiles suggest significant gradients of physical variables along the line of sight. We discuss the implications on the δ-spot magnetic structure and the flow-driving mechanism.
Orbital Support and Evolution of Flat Profiles of Bars (Shoulders)
Authors: Beraldo e Silva Leandro , Debattista Victor P. , Anderson Stuart Robert , Valluri Monica , Erwin Peter , Daniel Kathryne J. , Deg Nathan
Published: September 2023

Many barred galaxies exhibit upturns (shoulders) in their bar-major-axis density profile. Simulation studies have suggested that shoulders are supported by looped x
1 orbits, occur in growing bars, and can appear after bar buckling. We investigate the orbital support and evolution of shoulders via frequency analyses of orbits in simulations. We confirm that looped orbits are shoulder-supporting, and can remain so, to a lesser extent, after being vertically thickened. We show that looped orbits appear at the resonance ( Ω
φ
− ΩP)/Ω
R
= 1/2 (analogous to the classical inner Lindblad resonance, and here called ILR) with vertical-to-radial frequency ratios 1 ≲ Ω
z
/Ω
R
≲ 3/2 (vertically warm orbits). Cool orbits at the ILR (those with Ω
z
/Ω
R
> 3/2) are vertically thin and have no loops, contributing negligibly to shoulders. As bars slow and thicken, either secularly or by buckling, they populate warm orbits at the ILR. Further thickening carries these orbits toward crossing the vertical ILR [vILR, ( Ω
φ
− ΩP)/Ω
z
= 1/2], where they convert in-plane motion to vertical motion, become chaotic, kinematically hotter, and less shoulder-supporting. Hence, persistent shoulders require bars to trap new stars, consistent with the need for a growing bar. Since buckling speeds up trapping on warm orbits at the ILR, it can be followed by shoulder formation, as seen in simulations. This sequence supports the recent observational finding that shoulders likely precede the emergence of BP-bulges. The python module for the frequency analysis, naif, is made available.
The RS Oph Outburst of 2021 Monitored in X-Rays with NICER
Authors: Orio Marina , Gendreau Keith , Giese Morgan , Luna Gerardo Juan M. , Magdolen Jozef , Strohmayer Tod E. , Zhang Andy E. , Altamirano Diego , Dobrotka Andrej , Enoto Teruaki , Ferrara Elizabeth C. , Ignace Richard , Heinz Sebastian , Markwardt Craig , Nichols Joy S. , Parker Michael L. , Pasham Dheeraj R. , Pei Songpeng , Pradhan Pragati , Remillard Ron , Steiner James F. , Tombesi Francesco
Published: September 2023

The 2021 outburst of the symbiotic recurrent nova RS Oph was monitored with the Neutron Star Interior Composition Explorer Mission (NICER) in the 0.2–12 keV range from day one after the optical maximum, until day 88, producing an unprecedented, detailed view of the outburst development. The X-ray flux preceding the supersoft X-ray phase peaked almost 5 days after optical maximum and originated only in shocked ejecta for 21–25 days. The emission was thermal; in the first 5 days, only a non-collisional-ionization equilibrium model fits the spectrum, and a transition to equilibrium occurred between days 6 and 12. The ratio of peak X-ray flux measured in the NICER range to that measured with Fermi in the 60 MeV–500 GeV range was about 0.1, and the ratio to the peak flux measured with H.E.S.S. in the 250 GeV–2.5 TeV range was about 100. The central supersoft X-ray source (SSS), namely the shell hydrogen burning white dwarf (WD), became visible in the fourth week, initially with short flares. A huge increase in flux occurred on day 41, but the SSS flux remained variable. A quasi-periodic oscillation every ≃35 s was always observed during the SSS phase, with variations in amplitude and a period drift that appeared to decrease in the end. The SSS has characteristics of a WD of mass >1 M
⊙. Thermonuclear burning switched off shortly after day 75, earlier than in the 2006 outburst. We discuss implications for the nova physics.
Using Giant Pulses to Measure the Impulse Response of the Interstellar Medium
Authors: Mahajan Nikhil , van Kerkwijk Marten H.
Published: September 2023

Giant pulses emitted by PSR B1937+21 are bright, intrinsically impulsive bursts. Thus, the observed signal from a giant pulse is a noisy but direct measurement of the impulse response from the ionized interstellar medium. We use this fact to detect 13,025 giant pulses directly in the baseband data of two observations of PSR B1937+21. Using the giant pulse signals, we model the time-varying impulse response with a sparse approximation method, in which the time dependence at each delay is decomposed in Fourier components, thus constructing a wavefield as a function of delay and differential Doppler shift. We find that the resulting wavefield has the expected parabolic shape with several diffuse structures within it, suggesting the presence of multiple scattering locations along the line of sight. We also detect an echo at a delay of about 2.4 ms, over 1.5 times the rotation period of the pulsar, which moves along the trajectory expected from geometry between the two observations. The structures in the wavefield are insufficiently sparse to produce a complete model of the system; hence, the model is not predictive across gaps larger than about the scintillation time. Nevertheless, within its range, it reproduces about 75% of the power of the impulse response, a fraction limited mostly by the signal-to-noise ratio of the observations. Furthermore, we show that by deconvolution, using the model impulse response, we can successfully recover the intrinsic pulsar emission from the observed signal.
A Gradual Decline of Star Formation since Cluster Infall: New Kinematic Insights into Environmental Quenching at 0.3 < z < 1.1
Authors: Kim Keunho J. , Bayliss Matthew B. , Noble Allison G. , Khullar Gourav , Cronk Ethan , Roberson Joshua , Ansarinejad Behzad , Bleem Lindsey E. , Floyd Benjamin , Grandis Sebastian , Mahler Guillaume , McDonald Michael A. , Reichardt Christian L. , Saro Alexandro , Sharon Keren , Somboonpanyakul Taweewat , Strazzullo Veronica
Published: September 2023

The environments where galaxies reside crucially shape their star formation histories. We investigate a large sample of 1626 cluster galaxies located within 105 galaxy clusters spanning a large range in redshift (0.26 < z < 1.13). The galaxy clusters are massive (M
500 ≳ 2 × 1014
M
⊙) and uniformly selected from the SPT and ACT Sunyaev–Zel’dovich surveys. With spectra in hand for thousands of cluster members, we use the galaxies’ position in projected phase space as a proxy for their infall times, which provides a more robust measurement of environment than quantities such as projected clustercentric radius. We find clear evidence for a gradual age increase of the galaxy’s mean stellar populations (∼0.71 ± 0.4 Gyr based on a 4000 Å break, Dn4000) with the time spent in the cluster environment. This environmental quenching effect is found regardless of galaxy luminosity (faint or bright) and redshift (low or high-z), although the exact stellar age of galaxies depends on both parameters at fixed environmental effects. Such a systematic increase of Dn4000 with infall proxy would suggest that galaxies that were accreted into hosts earlier were quenched earlier due to longer exposure to environmental effects such as ram pressure stripping and starvation. Compared to the typical dynamical timescales of 1–3 Gyr of cluster galaxies, the relatively small age increase (∼0.71 ± 0.4 Gyr) found in our sample galaxies seems to suggest that a slow environmental process such as starvation is the dominant quenching pathway. Our results provide new insights into environmental quenching effects spanning a large range in cosmic time (∼5.2 Gyr, z = 0.26–1.13) and demonstrate the power of using a kinematically derived infall time proxy.
Stellar Collisions in the Galactic Center: Massive Stars, Collision Remnants, and Missing Red Giants
Authors: Rose Sanaea C. , Naoz Smadar , Sari Re’em , Linial Itai
Published: September 2023

Like most galaxies, the Milky Way harbors a supermassive black hole (SMBH) at its center, surrounded by a nuclear star cluster. In this dense star cluster, direct collisions can occur between stars before they evolve off the main sequence. Using a statistical approach, we characterize the outcomes of these stellar collisions within the inner parsec of the Galactic center (GC). Close to the SMBH, where the velocity dispersion is larger than the escape speed from a Sun-like star, collisions lead to mass loss. We find that the stellar population within 0.01 pc is halved within about a billion years because of destructive collisions. Additionally, we predict a diffuse population of peculiar low-mass stars in the GC. These stars have been divested of their outer layers in the inner 0.01 pc before migrating to larger distances from the SMBH. Between 0.01 and 0.1 pc from the SMBH, collisions can result in mergers. Our results suggest that repeated collisions between lower-mass stars can produce massive (≳10 M
⊙) stars, and that there may be ∼100 of them residing in this region. We provide predictions on the number of so-called G objects, dust- and gas-enshrouded stellar objects, that may result from main-sequence stellar collisions. Lastly, we comment on uncertainties in our model and possible connections between stellar collisions and the missing red giants in the GC.
A Multiwavelength Investigation of Dust and Stellar Mass Distributions in Galaxies: Insights from High-resolution JWST Imaging
Authors: Liu Zhaoran , Morishita Takahiro , Kodama Tadayuki
Published: September 2023

We study the morphological properties of mid-infrared selected galaxies at 1.0 < z < 1.7 in the SMACS J0723.3-7327 cluster field to investigate the mechanisms of galaxy mass assembly and structural formation at cosmic noon. We develop a new algorithm to decompose the dust and stellar components of individual galaxies by using high-resolution images in the MIRI F770W and NIRCam F200W bands. Our analysis reveals that a significant number of galaxies with stellar masses between 109.5 < M
*/M
⊙ < 1010.5 exhibit dust cores that are relatively more compact than their stellar cores. Specifically, within this mass range, the nonparametric method indicates that the dust cores are 1.23 (±0.05) times more compact than the stellar cores on average when evaluated with flux concentration of the two components within a fixed radius. Similarly, the parametric method yields an average compactness ratio of 1.27 (±0.06). Notably, the most massive galaxy (M
* ∼ 1010.9
M
⊙) in our sample demonstrates a comparable level of compactness between its stellar core and dust, with a dust-to-stellar ratio of 0.86 (0.89) as derived from nonparametric (parametric) method. The observed compactness of the dust component is potentially attributed to the presence of a (rapidly growing) massive bulge that in some cases is associated with elevated star formation. Expanding the sample size through a joint analysis of multiple Cycle 1 deep-imaging programs can help to confirm the inferred picture. Our pilot study highlights that MIRI offers an efficient approach to studying the structural formation of galaxies from cosmic noon to the modern Universe.
Unique Chemical Composition of the Very Metal-poor Star LAMOST J1645+4357
Authors: Aoki Wako , Li Haining , Tominaga Nozomu , Matsuno Tadafumi , Honda Satoshi , Zhao Gang
Published: September 2023

We report on the chemical composition of the very metal-poor (VMP; [Fe/H] = −2.9) star LAMOST J1645+4357, which was identified as a red giant having peculiar abundance ratios by Li et al. The standard abundance analysis is carried out for this object and the well-studied metal-poor star HD 122563, which has similar atmospheric parameters. LAMOST J1645+4357 has a remarkable abundance set, highlighted by these features: (1) nitrogen is significantly enhanced ([N/Fe] = +1.4), and the total abundance of C and N is also very high ([(C+N)/Fe] = +0.9); (2) α-elements are overabundant with respect to iron, as generally found in VMP stars; (3) Ti, Sc, Co, and Zn are significantly deficient; (4) Cr and Mn are enhanced compared to most of VMP stars; and (5) Sr and Ba are deficient, and the Sr/Ba ratio ([Sr/Ba] = −1.0) is significantly lower than the value expected for the r-process. The overall abundance pattern of this object from C to Zn is well reproduced by a faint supernova model assuming spherical explosion, except for the excess of Cr and Mn, which requires enhancement of incomplete Si burning or small contributions from a Type Ia or pair-instability supernova. There remains, however, a question as to why the abundance pattern of this star is so unique among VMP stars.
A Self-gravity Module for the PLUTO Code
Authors: Mandal Ankush , Mukherjee Dipanjan , Mignone Andrea
Published: September 2023

We present a novel implementation of an iterative solver for the solution of Poisson’s equation in the PLUTO code for astrophysical fluid dynamics. Our solver relies on a relaxation method in which convergence is sought as the steady-state solution of a parabolic equation, whose time discretization is governed by the Runge–Kutta–Legendre (RKL) method. Our findings indicate that the RKL-based Poisson solver, which is both fully parallel and rapidly convergent, has the potential to serve as a practical alternative to conventional iterative solvers such as the Gauss–Seidel and successive overrelaxation methods. Additionally, it can mitigate some of the drawbacks of these traditional techniques. We incorporate our algorithm into a multigrid solver to provide a simple and efficient gravity solver that can be used to obtain the gravitational potentials in self-gravitational hydrodynamics. We test our implementation against a broad range of standard self-gravitating astrophysical problems designed to examine different aspects of the code. We demonstrate that the results match excellently with analytical predictions (when available), and the findings of similar previous studies.
Company for the Ultra-high Density, Ultra-short Period Sub-Earth GJ 367 b: Discovery of Two Additional Low-mass Planets at 11.5 and 34 Days*
Authors: Goffo Elisa , Gandolfi Davide , Egger Jo Ann , Mustill Alexander J. , Albrecht Simon H. , Hirano Teruyuki , Kochukhov Oleg , Astudillo-Defru Nicola , Barragan Oscar , Serrano Luisa M. , Hatzes Artie P. , Alibert Yann , Guenther Eike , Dai Fei , Lam Kristine W. F. , Csizmadia Szilárd , Smith Alexis M. S. , Fossati Luca , Luque Rafael , Rodler Florian , Winther Mark L. , Rørsted Jakob L. , Alarcon Javier , Bonfils Xavier , Cochran William D. , Deeg Hans J. , Jenkins Jon M. , Korth Judith , Livingston John H. , Meech Annabella , Murgas Felipe , Orell-Miquel Jaume , Osborne Hannah L. M. , Palle Enric , Persson Carina M. , Redfield Seth , Ricker George R. , Seager Sara , Vanderspek Roland , Van Eylen Vincent , Winn Joshua N.
Published: September 2023

GJ 367 is a bright (V ≈ 10.2) M1 V star that has been recently found to host a transiting ultra-short period sub-Earth on a 7.7 hr orbit. With the aim of improving the planetary mass and radius and unveiling the inner architecture of the system, we performed an intensive radial velocity follow-up campaign with the HARPS spectrograph—collecting 371 high-precision measurements over a baseline of nearly 3 yr—and combined our Doppler measurements with new TESS observations from sectors 35 and 36. We found that GJ 367 b has a mass of M
b = 0.633 ± 0.050 M
⊕ and a radius of R
b = 0.699 ± 0.024 R
⊕, corresponding to precisions of 8% and 3.4%, respectively. This implies a planetary bulk density of ρ
b = 10.2 ± 1.3 g cm−3, i.e., 85% higher than Earth’s density. We revealed the presence of two additional non-transiting low-mass companions with orbital periods of ∼11.5 and 34 days and minimum masses of

M

c

sin

i

c

= 4.13 ± 0.36 M
⊕ and

M

d

sin

i

d

= 6.03 ± 0.49 M
⊕, respectively, which lie close to the 3:1 mean motion commensurability. GJ 367 b joins the small class of high-density planets, namely the class of super-Mercuries, being the densest ultra-short period small planet known to date. Thanks to our precise mass and radius estimates, we explored the potential internal composition and structure of GJ 367 b, and found that it is expected to have an iron core with a mass fraction of

0.91

−
0.23

+
0.07

. How this iron core is formed and how such a high density is reached is still not clear, and we discuss the possible pathways of formation of such a small ultra-dense planet.
Coronal Heating Rate in the Slow Solar Wind
Authors: Telloni Daniele , Romoli Marco , Velli Marco , Zank Gary P. , Adhikari Laxman , Downs Cooper , Burtovoi Aleksandr , Susino Roberto , Spadaro Daniele , Zhao Lingling , Liberatore Alessandro , Shi Chen , De Leo Yara , Abbo Lucia , Frassati Federica , Jerse Giovanna , Landini Federico , Nicolini Gianalfredo , Pancrazzi Maurizio , Russano Giuliana , Sasso Clementina , Andretta Vincenzo , Da Deppo Vania , Fineschi Silvano , Grimani Catia , Heinzel Petr , Moses John D. , Naletto Giampiero , Stangalini Marco , Teriaca Luca , Uslenghi Michela , Berlicki Arkadiusz , Bruno Roberto , Capobianco Gerardo , Capuano Giuseppe E. , Casini Chiara , Casti Marta , Chioetto Paolo , Corso Alain J. , D’Amicis Raffaella , Fabi Michele , Frassetto Fabio , Giarrusso Marina , Giordano Silvio , Guglielmino Salvo L. , Magli Enrico , Massone Giuseppe , Messerotti Mauro , Nisticò Giuseppe , Pelizzo Maria G. , Reale Fabio , Romano Paolo , Schühle Udo , Solanki Sami K. , Straus Thomas , Ventura Rita , Volpicelli Cosimo A. , Zangrilli Luca , Zimbardo Gaetano , Zuppella Paola , Bale Stuart D. , Kasper Justin C.
Published: September 2023

This Letter reports the first observational estimate of the heating rate in the slowly expanding solar corona. The analysis exploits the simultaneous remote and local observations of the same coronal plasma volume, with the Solar Orbiter/Metis and the Parker Solar Probe instruments, respectively, and relies on the basic solar wind magnetohydrodynamic equations. As expected, energy losses are a minor fraction of the solar wind energy flux, since most of the energy dissipation that feeds the heating and acceleration of the coronal flow occurs much closer to the Sun than the heights probed in the present study, which range from 6.3 to 13.3 R
⊙. The energy deposited to the supersonic wind is then used to explain the observed slight residual wind acceleration and to maintain the plasma in a nonadiabatic state. As derived in the Wentzel–Kramers–Brillouin limit, the present energy transfer rate estimates provide a lower limit, which can be very useful in refining the turbulence-based modeling of coronal heating and subsequent solar wind acceleration.
Disentangling the Hadronic Components in NGC 1068
Authors: Ajello Marco , Murase Kohta , McDaniel Alex
Published: September 2023

The recent detection of high-energy neutrinos by IceCube in the direction of the nearby Seyfert/starburst galaxy NGC 1068 implies that radio-quiet active galactic nuclei can accelerate cosmic-ray ions. Dedicated multimessenger analyses suggest that the interaction of these high-energy ions with ambient gas or photons happens in a region of the galaxy that is highly opaque for GeV–TeV gamma rays. Otherwise, the GeV–TeV emission would violate existing constraints provided by the Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) and the Major Atmospheric Gamma Imaging Cherenkov. The conditions of high optical depth are realized near the central supermassive black hole (SMBH). At the same time, the GeV emission detected by the Fermi LAT is likely related to the galaxy’s sustained star formation activity. In this work, we derive a 20 MeV–1 TeV spectrum of NGC 1068 using 14 yr of Fermi LAT observations. We find that the starburst hadronic component is responsible for NGC 1068's emission above ∼500 MeV. However, below this energy, an additional component is required. In the 20–500 MeV range, the Fermi LAT data are consistent with hadronic emission initiated by non-thermal ions interacting with gas or photons in the vicinity of the central SMBH. This highlights the importance of the MeV band to discover hidden cosmic-ray accelerators.
A case of cetuximab-induced radiation recall skin dermatitis and review of the literature
Authors: Sabol Rachel A. , Patel Akshat M. , Sabbagh Ali , Wilson Chyrstal , Yuen Florence , Lindenfeld Paul , Aggarwal Rahul , Breyer Benjamin , Mohamad Osama
Published: September 2023

Radiation recall presents as an acute inflammatory reaction triggered by systemic therapy, usually chemotherapy, and is typically limited to an area that was previously irradiated. Radiation recall reactions are generally self-limiting and most commonly occur in the skin. Many systemic agents have been described to elicit a radiation recall reaction, but the exact pathogenesis is largely unknown. Here, we describe the first reported case of radiation recall dermatitis following cetuximab. While cetuximab is associated with other skin reactions, oncologists should not exclude radiation recall dermatitis as a potential complication of cetuximab infusion in patients with prior radiation, and special attention should be paid to the pattern of skin changes both in terms of location and chronology.
Impact of a Nursing Intervention Bundle of Care on Nasal-CPAP-Related Nasal Injuries in Preterm Infants: A Quality Improvement Initiative
Authors: Mohamed Mohab , Noaman Ahmed , Nour Islam , Abdel-Hady Hesham
Published: September 2023

AIM: The objective is to assess the effect of the application of a nasal injury prevention bundle on the incidence and severity of nasal-continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP)-related nasal injuries in preterm infants.
METHODS: We conducted a prospective controlled before-after study in a preterm neonate, <37 weeks gestation, who required nCPAP in the  neonatal intensive care unit, at Mansoura University Children’s Hospital, between September 2018 through October 2019. After 2 months of nursing staff training, a nasal trauma prevention bundle was implemented. The nursing intervention bundle comprised nasal barrier dressing, regular focused checking for evolving nasal skin injury, and proper application of the CPAP device. nCPAP-related nasal injuries per 1000 days and grading of nasal injury severity were the primary outcomes. Time to onset of nasal injury after initiation of CPAP; duration of nCPAP use, duration of oxygen dependency; incidence of pneumothorax, broncho-pulmonary dysplasia; intraventricular hemorrhage; periventricular leukomalacia; late-onset sepsis; length of hospital stay; and in-hospital mortality were the secondary outcomes.
RESULTS: Data from 62 preterm neonates were analyzed (31 in each group). The nasal trauma prevention bundle of care was associated with reduced nasal injury incidence per 1000 nCPAP-days (140 vs. 148.94, p = 0.03) with improved nasal injury severity staging (p = 0.003) compared to the pre-bundle era. Nasal injury developed earlier in the control group (1 [1–1] vs. 2 [1–3] days, p = 0.002) compared to the intervention group. No statistically significant differences were reported between groups regarding any of the other secondary outcomes. Longer duration of CPAP use  (p = 0.009) and lack of bundle application (0.03) were the independent risk factors associated with nCPAP-related nasal injuries in preterm neonates.
CONCLUSION: The implementation of a bundle of nursing interventions is associated with a substantially improved incidence and severity of nasal injuries in preterm infants receiving nCPAP.
Ten years and a million links: building a global taxonomic library connecting persistent identifiers for names, publications and people
Authors: Page Roderic
Published: September 2023

A major gap in the biodiversity knowledge graph is a connection between taxonomic names and the taxonomic literature. While both names and publications often have persistent identifiers (PIDs), such as Life Science Identifiers (LSIDs) or Digital Object Identifiers (DOIs), LSIDs for names are rarely linked to DOIs for publications. This article describes efforts to make those connections across three large taxonomic databases: Index Fungorum, International Plant Names Index (IPNI) and the Index of Organism Names (ION). Over a million names have been matched to DOIs or other persistent identifiers for taxonomic publications. This represents approximately 36% of names for which publication data are available. The mappings between LSIDs and publication PIDs are made available through ChecklistBank. Applications of this mapping are discussed, including a web app to locate the citation of a taxonomic name and a knowledge graph that uses data on researcher ORCID ids to connect taxonomic names and publications to authors of those names.
The complex mechanism of developing trust in pharmacy
Authors: Sulistyaningrum Indriyati Hadi , Pribadi Prasojo , Santoso Arifin , Arfianto Erki , Pangestuti Rayi Citra Ayu , Umma Nahdliyah , Ningrum Meiliana Purnama
Published: September 2023

Indicators of the success in pharmaceutical services at pharmacy can be seen from customer satisfaction which is influenced by trust in pharmacy. The existence of customer satisfaction realted to pharmaceutical services is potentially important in patient adherence to their health care. The aims of this study is to examine the relationship model of satisfaction and trust in pharmacy. This research is a quantitative study with a survey design using a cross-sectional approach. It was conducted in June 2023 on a sample of 252 customers of community pharmacies in Magelang, Indonesia. The sampling technique used in this study was purposive sampling method. Data analysis using Partial Least Square Path Modeling (PLS-SEM). The results of hypothesis testing based on probability values (p<0.05) indicate that the infrastructure, medication information and trust in a pharmacist had an effect on customer satisfaction. Trust in pharmacies that are influenced by consumer satisfaction can influence consumers to trust pharmacists. Trust is a service component that is dynamic in line with consumer needs following market conditions and pharmacy competition. Therefore it must be considered.
The benefits of sports for the physical and mental health of adolescents
Authors: Vakrilova Becheva Maria Stamova , Kirkova-Bogdanova Angelina Georgieva , Kazalakova Krasimira Milcheva , Ivanova Stefka Achkova
Published: September 2023

A healthy lifestyle is the main expression of positive health behavior. Movement is a natural need of every child and is a basic preventive tool for strengthening children‘s health. Sport is a complex process that improves the qualities of movements, strengthens the muscles of the body and forms physical endurance through its positive influence on all organs and systems. Sports activities have a beneficial effect on the psyche and personality of adolescents and are defined as the main factor for maintaining, preserving and improving health and a healthy lifestyle. In most European countries, the teaching methodology is aimed at finding the meaning and encouraging the desire of each student to engage in regular physical activity.

The article aims to familiarize the audience with the impact of sports on various organs and systems, with the benefits for the physical and mental health of adolescents from sports activities, as well as to provide information on recommendations for the correct choice of sports depending on the constitution and disposition of adolescents.
Management territorial et coordination gérontologique : apports de la théorie des conventions et effets du diagnostic de territoire
Authors: Frattallone Kieffer Mélanie
Published: September 2023

Le vieillissement de la population n’est plus un phénomène nouveau, amenant les pouvoirs publics à y consacrer réflexions et financements. Un nouvel enjeu fait aujourd’hui son apparition : le bien vieillir. Lorsque l’on questionne les ainés, leur souhait principal est de rester à domicile en bénéficiant d’un soutien adapté. Nombreux dispositifs sanitaires et sociaux sont ainsi déployés, mais quid de leur mise en harmonie face à leur multiplicité. Ce travail de recherche s’intéresse à la coordination gérontologique et aux leviers permettant d’atteindre les objectifs du bien vieillir à domicile, et ce, au travers l’étude des relations entre les acteurs de l’action gérontologique. La littérature nous offre une grille de lecture par l’approche de la théorie des conventions ; conventions décrites comme des « formes culturelles établies collectivement permettant de coordonner » (Diaz-Bone et Thévenot). Nous enrichissons notre recherche en vérifiant les apports du diagnostic de territoire, élément clé permettant la construction d’un consensus et outil du management territorial. Si nos résultats démontrent toute l’importance de ces éléments, il en ressort un besoin de retour à l’essentiel : se connaitre et connaitre l’étendue des potentialités et limites de l’autre, couplé au partage d’objectifs clairement établis.
Double Reverse Overlapping Scleral Trapdoor (DROST) Technique for the Removal of Juxtalenticular Intraocular Foreign Body
Authors: Blatsios Georgios , Bechrakis Nikolaos E.
Published: September 2023

We describe the double reverse overlapping scleral trapdoor (DROST) technique, a novel minimally invasive technique for the removal of very anterior intraocular foreign bodies without the need of pars plana vitrectomy.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
2023;54:600–602.]
Boundary value problems for a second-order differential equation with involution in the second derivative and their solvability
Authors: Sarsenbi Abdissalam , Sarsenbi Abdizhahan
Published: September 2023

We consider the two-point boundary value problems for a nonlinear one-dimensional second-order differential equation with involution in the second derivative and in lower terms. The questions of existence and uniqueness of the classical solution of two-point boundary value problems are studied. The definition of the Green's function is generalized for the case of boundary value problems for the second-order linear differential equation with involution, indicating the points of discontinuities and the magnitude of discontinuities of the first derivative. Uniform estimates for the Green's function of the linear part of boundary value problems are established. Using the contraction mapping principle and the Schauder fixed point theorem, theorems on the existence and uniqueness of solutions to the boundary value problems are proved. The results obtained in this paper cover the boundary value problems for one-dimensional differential equations with and without involution in the lower terms.
$ L^{p} $ compactness criteria with an application to variational convergence of some nonlocal energy functionals
Authors: Du Qiang , Mengesha Tadele , Tian Xiaochuan
Published: September 2023

Motivated by some variational problems from a nonlocal model of mechanics, this work presents a set of sufficient conditions that guarantee a compact inclusion in the function space of $ L^{p} $ vector fields defined on a domain $ \Omega $ that is either a bounded domain in $ \mathbb{R}^{d} $ or $ \mathbb{R}^{d} $ itself. The criteria are nonlocal and are given with respect to nonlocal interaction kernels that may not be necessarily radially symmetric. Moreover, these criteria for vector fields are also different from those given for scalar fields in that the conditions are based on nonlocal interactions involving only parts of the components of the vector fields. The $ L^{p} $ compactness criteria are utilized in demonstrating the convergence of minimizers of parameterized nonlocal energy functionals.
The Effect of Strengths/Opportunities and Weaknesses/Challenges on Online Learning during the COVID -19 Pandemic
Authors: Marevci Fahri , Salihu Armend
Published: September 2023

This paper researched the effect of strengths, opportunities and weaknesses or challenges on the online learning process during the COVID-19 pandemic. The research approach focuses on curriculum implementation and teaching quality using information technology systems (online teaching platforms). The research included 146 teachers (lower secondary and upper secondary school level), from whose responses we identified the strengths and opportunities as well as the weaknesses and challenges of online learning. While analyzing the data, we tested the construct reliability and noticed that Cronbach’s Alpha turned out to be at an acceptable level. From the paired sample t-test data analysis, it has also been concluded that, in the online learning process, strengths and opportunities are more considerable than weaknesses and challenges. Furthermore, linear regression indicated that the adjusted R-square of this model is 0.353, which signifies that the independent variables, strengths and opportunities and weaknesses or challenges, have an effect of 35.30% on the dependent variables, the curriculum implementation and the teaching quality, when using the information technology systems. As a result, we reached the conclusion that the positive effect of strengths and opportunities is higher than the negative effect of weaknesses or challenges.
Influencing Factors of the Blended Teaching Effect of SPOCs
Authors: Zhang Man , Wei Xiaohui
Published: September 2023

Based on the comprehensive evaluation technology of the Kirkpatrick model and interpretive structural modeling (ISM), first, a survey was conducted in four colleges and universities in China, including the Yellow River Conservancy Technical Institute. Second, an influencing factor system for the small private online course (SPOC) blended teaching effect, in 17 aspects, was constructed from four levels: the reaction level, learning level, behavioral level, and results level. Third, the deep-seated factors influencing the SPOC blended teaching effect were analyzed via ISM. Research results showed that the influencing factor system for the SPOC blended teaching effect constructed in this research was scientific, reasonable, and highly operational, with a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.887. In addition, teachers’ sense of responsibility (A-4) and knowledge internalization (C-2) were the two most important factors influencing the SPOC blended teaching effect. The curriculum setting (A-1) and thinking ability (B-2) were two relatively direct factors. The research results have important reference value for enriching the current SPOC blended teaching method in institutions of higher learning and exploring its suitability for higher education teaching.
Construction and Application of a Complex Network-Based Case Knowledge Base in an Assisted Instruction System
Authors: Wang Shanshan , Chang Xiangpeng , Ding Dong
Published: September 2023

With the development of the business administration major, case teaching has become an effective teaching method. However, a lot of case resources exist in the business administration field, and the correlation between these cases is complex, which poses challenges to teachers and students in terms of information overload and knowledge organization. Existing case knowledge bases in assisted instruction systems often have shortcomings in terms of knowledge relationship strength calculation, text semantic similarity calculation, hierarchical knowledge clustering, and propagation evolution. To solve these problems, this study proposed a method of constructing and applying a case knowledge base in an assisted instruction system based on a complex network. This method mainly includes three aspects: calculation and reasoning of ontology relationship strength, calculation of ontology text semantic similarity, and hierarchical knowledge clustering and propagation evolution in complex networks. Through a comprehensive study of these three aspects, a more efficient and intelligent case knowledge base in an assisted instruction system was constructed, which not only improved the teaching efficiency and quality of the business administration major but also had the potential to promote teaching in other disciplines and fields. In addition, this study also provided new perspectives and methods in related fields, which is of great significance for efficiently organizing and utilizing knowledge.
Reimagining Family Engagement
Authors: Koubek Ekaterina , Wasta Stephanie
Published: September 2023

Employing a qualitative case study approach, the researchers examined three preservice teachers' (PSTs) perceptions of building relationships with diverse families while tutoring their children in their homes in a semester-long after-school program that is designed to support migrant education students academically, socially, and linguistically. Multiple data sources, such as PSTs' weekly journals, action research projects, philosophy of diversity papers, and individual semi-structured interviews were collected. The findings revealed that as PSTs had more interactions with families, they viewed them as co-partners in students' learning processes, planned lessons with family background in mind, utilized the home language, and valued home visits. These in-home experiences coupled with critical self-reflection, encouraged PSTs to critique their practices, enabling them to enact more equitable approaches for interacting with families. These intentional processes helped PSTs envision family engagement as a two-way partnership, a benefit for both parties.
Critical Emotional Reflexivity for TESOL
Authors: Chen Aide , Clark Julie S. Byrd
Published: September 2023

This chapter explores the meaning, significance, and applications of critical emotional reflexivity in order to facilitate TESOL teacher preparation. It begins with historical trends of reflexivity and emotional practices in pedagogy and research. After delving into the nuanced definitions and roles of reflexivity, the chapter presents the concept of critical emotional reflexivity and its significance in TESOL. A conceptual framework, drawing on the theories of transformative, social-emotional, and reflexive learning, is then proposed with the aim of operationalizing the integration of critical emotional reflexivity in teaching. The chapter further demonstrates how an autobiographical reflexive approach can enhance the planning and implementation of activities aimed at fostering critical emotional reflexivity among English as an additional language student teachers. This approach thus enables language teachers to critically examine emotional experiences in sociopolitical terms, offering them the possibilities for transforming both their conceptual and pedagogical practices.
The Influence of Mentors on Instruction and Reflection
Authors: Wicht Steven
Published: September 2023

This chapter uses a qualitative, single researcher-participant diary study to detail how a novice ESOL teacher in a community-based adult basic education program used the advice of mentors to plan and reflect on instruction. A thematic analysis revealed three instructional areas where mentors influenced the novice teacher: implementing guided small group instruction, distinguishing obligation language (i.e., modality) and formality, and giving advice in authentic contexts. Each instructional theme moved through similar stages. The novice teacher identified an issue in his instruction, consulted his mentors for guidance, and reflected on the results of his instruction. The findings illustrate the importance of mentoring and reflection to the novice teacher's instruction and his perspective on the language needs of adult ESOL students.