bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genome Sequence of a Lytic Staphylococcus aureus Bacteriophage Isolated from Breast Milk
Authors: Iszatt Joshua J. , Larcombe Alexander N. , Garratt Luke W. , Trend Stephanie , Stick Stephen M. , Agudelo-Romero Patricia , Kicic Anthony ,   WAERP,   AREST CF
Published: November 2022

We identified a double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) bacteriophage appearing to belong to
Herelleviridae
, genus
Kayvirus
. The bacteriophage, Biyabeda-mokiny 1, was isolated from breast milk using a clinical isolate of
Staphylococcus aureus
. The genome is 141,091 bp in length and encodes 230 putative coding sequences.
CRISPR-Cas9 Editing Induces Loss of Heterozygosity in the Pathogenic Yeast Candida parapsilosis
Authors: Lombardi Lisa , Bergin Sean A. , Ryan Adam , Zuniga-Soto Evelyn , Butler Geraldine
Published: November 2022

CRISPR-Cas9 has greatly streamlined gene editing and is now the gold standard and first choice for genetic engineering. However, we show that in diploid species, extra care should be taken in confirming the cause of any phenotypic changes observed.
Elucidation of Essential Genes and Mutant Fitness during Adaptation toward Nitrogen Fixation Conditions in the Endophyte Azoarcus olearius BH72 Revealed by Tn-Seq
Authors: Harten Theresa , Nimzyk Rolf , Gawlick Vivian E. A. , Reinhold-Hurek Barbara
Published: November 2022

A constantly growing world population and the daunting challenge of climate change demand new strategies in agricultural crop production. Intensive usage of chemical fertilizers, overloading the world’s fields with organic input, threaten terrestrial and marine ecosystems as well as human health.
An Emerging Lineage of Uropathogenic Extended Spectrum β-Lactamase Escherichia coli ST127
Authors: Cave Rory , Ter-Stepanyan Mary M. , Kotsinyan Nune , Mkrtchyan Hermine V.
Published: November 2022

Whole-genome sequencing studies of pathogens causing infectious diseases are seriously lacking in Armenia, hampering global efforts to track, trace and contain infectious disease outbreaks. In this study, we report for the first-time the whole-genome sequencing and analysis of ESBL UPEC ST127 isolates recovered from hospitalized patients in Armenia and compare them with other
E. coli
ST127 retrieved from the ENA.
Overexpression of a DNA Methyltransferase Increases Persister Cell Formation in Acinetobacter baumannii
Authors: Kim Hyunkeun , Kim Jee Hong , Cho Hongbaek , Ko Kwan Soo
Published: November 2022

Bacterial persister cells are not killed by high concentration of antibiotics, despite its antibiotic susceptibility. It has been known that they may cause antibiotic treatment failure and contribute to the evolution of antibiotic resistance.
CzcR Is Essential for Swimming Motility in Pseudomonas aeruginosa during Zinc Stress
Authors: Liu Zhiqing , Xu Zirui , Chen Shuzhen , Huang Jiahui , Li Ting , Duan Cheng , Zhang Lian-Hui , Xu Zeling
Published: November 2022

The fitness of bacterial cells depends largely on their ability to sense and respond quickly to the changing environments.
P. aeruginosa
expresses a great number of signal sensing and transduction systems that enable the pathogen to grow and survive under diverse stress conditions and cause serious infections at different sites in many hosts. In addition to the previously characterized functions to regulate metal homeostasis, quorum sensing activity, and antibiotic resistance, here we report that CzcR is a novel regulator essential for flagellar gene expression and swimming motility in
P. aeruginosa
during Zn
2+
stress.
Origin of the Songpan-Garze Terrane on the northeastern Tibetan Plateau, eastern segment of the Tethyan tectonic domain: A Middle Permian−Early Triassic intracontinental rifting system
Authors: Liu Songnan , Wang Yu
Published: November 2022

The initiation of a continental rift or the birth of an oceanic basin, and their long-term evolution, are challenges in the understanding of the evolution of regional and global tectonics. Rifts develop within the interior or margins of plates, essentially as extensional structures, and they have been studied widely since the discovery of plate tectonics. The eastern segment of the Paleo-Tethys traversed central Asia, its structural features, timing, geological setting, and geodynamic mechanisms are poorly understood. The Songpan-Garze Terrane (SGT) on the northeastern Tibetan Plateau has been regarded as either a remnant of the Paleo-Tethys Ocean or a continental rift basin. Different interpretations of the SGT lead to various tectonic reconstructions between Gondwana and Laurasia. Here, sedimentology, geochemistry, and geochronology have been applied to the southern and northern parts of the SGT to reconstruct the initiation of a Permian rift system. In this area, for the first time, field investigation reveals that the SGT is characterized by a continuous succession of Permian−Lower Triassic terrestrial-neritic deposits and ocean island basalt (OIB)-type basalts, and that it developed as an intracontinental rift basin in the Yangtze Block. Zircons from gabbros with OIB-type geochemical signatures intruded in the southern SGT yield U-Pb ages of 263−254 Ma, constraining the timing of the initial rifting. Proterozoic felsic rocks collected from the southern SGT yield U-Pb ages of 761−865 Ma, and they are petrologically and geochemically comparable to Neoproterozoic basement rocks along the western margin of the Yangtze Block. The Middle−Late Permian volcano-sedimentary sequences of the SGT and their geochemistry and geochronology are comparable to rift sequences in the Panxi region of the western Yangtze Block. Thus, it has been proposed that the SGT originated as an intracontinental rift within the Yangtze Block during the Middle Permian−Early Triassic, and that it continued to deepen as a rift basin through the Middle−Late Triassic.
Synthesis of Epitaxial Structures with Two-Dimensional Si Layers Embedded in a CaF2 Dielectric Matrix
Authors: Zinovyev V. A. , Zinovieva A. F. , Volodin V. A. , Gutakovskii A. K. , Deryabin A. S. , Krupin A. Yu. , Kulik L. V. , Zhivulko V. D. , Mudryi A. V. , Dvurechenskii A. V.
Published: November 2022

The possibility of fabricating two-dimensional Si layers on a CaF2/Si(111) film by molecular beam epitaxy is studied. The growth conditions, under which the regions of two-dimensional Si layers are formed, are found. Raman spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, photoluminescence, and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) studies have shown that regions of two-dimensional Si layers are formed in epitaxial structures prepared by the deposition of one to three biatomic Si layers on the CaF2/Si(111) film surface at a temperature of 550°С. The Raman spectra of these structures exhibit a narrow peak at 418 cm–1, which is due to light scattering on vibrations of Si atoms in the plane of a two-dimensional Si layer intercalated with calcium. The EPR spectra of multilayer structures with regions of two-dimensional Si layers embedded in CaF2 demonstrate an isotropic signal with an asymmetric Dyson shape and the g-factor $$g = 1.9992$$ under illumination. Consequently, this signal can be attributed to photoinduced conduction electrons in extended two-dimensional Si islands. These results may be useful for understanding the mechanisms of the formation of two-dimensional materials on CaF2/Si(111) substrates.
Effect of clinical chorioamnionitis on breathing effort in premature infants at birth: a retrospective case–control study
Authors: Panneflek Timothy J R , Kuypers Kristel L A M , Polglase Graeme R , Hooper Stuart B , van den Akker Thomas , te Pas Arjan B
Published: November 2022

Rationale

Antenatal inflammation, usually associated with chorioamnionitis, is a major cause of premature birth. As inflammation could depress respiratory drive, we have examined the effect of clinical chorioamnionitis (CCA) on spontaneous breathing in premature infants at birth.

Methods

Infants with CCA born <30 weeks’ gestation were matched with control infants based on gestational age (±6 days), birth weight (±300 g), antenatal corticosteroids, sex and general anaesthesia. The primary outcome was breathing effort, assessed as minute volume (MV) of spontaneous breathing. We also measured tidal volume (Vt), respiratory rate (RR) and apnoea in the first 5 min and additional physiological parameters in the first 10 min after start of respiratory support.

Results

Ninety-two infants were included (n=46 CCA infants vs n=46 controls; median (IQR) gestational age 26+4(25+0–27+6) vs 26+6(25+1–28+3) weeks). MV and Vt were significantly lower (MV: 43 (17–93) vs 70 (31–119) mL/kg/min, p=0.043; Vt: 2.6 (1.9–3.6) vs 2.9 (2.2–4.8) mL/kg/breath, p=0.046), whereas RR was similar in CCA infants compared with controls. Incidence of apnoea was higher (5 (2-6) vs 2 (1-4), p=0.002), and total duration of apnoea was longer (90 (21-139) vs 35 (12-98) s, p=0.025) in CCA infants. CCA infants took significantly longer to reach an oxygen saturation >80% (3:37 (2:10–4:29) vs 2:25 (1:06–3:52) min, p=0.016) and had a lower oxygen saturation at 5 min (77 (66–92) vs 91 (68–94) %, p=0.028), despite receiving more oxygen (62 (48-76) vs 54 (43-73) %, p=0.036).

Conclusion

CCA is associated with reduced breathing effort and oxygenation in premature infants at birth.
Identifying central 10° visual subfield associated with future worsening of visual acuity in eyes with advanced glaucoma
Authors: Asaoka Ryo , Sugisaki Kenji , Inoue Toshihiro , Yoshikawa Keiji , Kanamori Akiyasu , Yamazaki Yoshio , Ishikawa Shinichiro , Uchida Kenichi , Iwase Aiko , Araie Makoto
Published: November 2022

Background/aims

To determine a cluster of test points: visual subfield (VSF) of Humphrey Field Analyzer 10–2 test (HFA 10–2) of which baseline sensitivities were associated with future worsening of visual acuity (VA) in eyes with advanced glaucoma.

Methods

A total of 175 advanced glaucoma eyes of 175 advanced glaucoma patients with well controlled intraocular pressure (IOP), a mean deviation of the Humphrey Field Analyzer 24–2 (HFA 24–2) test ≤ −20 decibels and best corrected VA ≥20/40, were included. At baseline, HFA 24–2 and HFA 10–2 tests were performed along with VA measurements. All patients underwent prospective follow-up of 5 years, and VA was measured every 6 months. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to identify visual field sensitivities associated with deterioration of VA and also blindness.

Results

Deterioration of VA and blindness were observed in 15.4% and 3.4% of the eyes, respectively. More negative total deviation (TD) values in the temporal papillomacular bundle VSF were significantly associated with deterioration in VA. Averages of the TD values in this area of the HFA 10–2 test had the most predictive power of future VA deterioration (OR: 0.92, p<0.001). A very similar tendency was observed for blindness.

Conclusion

In advanced glaucoma eyes with well-controlled IOP, careful attention is needed when the mean TD values in the temporal papillomacular bundle VSF, measured with a HFA 10–2 test is deteriorated. TD values of this VSF indicate higher risks for future deterioration of VA and also blindness.
Quality assessment of colour fundus and fluorescein angiography images using deep learning
Authors: König Michael , Seeböck Philipp , Gerendas Bianca S , Mylonas Georgios , Winklhofer Rudolf , Dimakopoulou Ioanna , Schmidt-Erfurth Ursula Margarethe
Published: November 2022

Background/aims

Image quality assessment (IQA) is crucial for both reading centres in clinical studies and routine practice, as only adequate quality allows clinicians to correctly identify diseases and treat patients accordingly. Here we aim to develop a neural network for automated real-time IQA in colour fundus (CF) and fluorescein angiography (FA) images.

Methods

Training and evaluation of two neural networks were conducted using 2272 CF and 2492 FA images, with binary labels in four (contrast, focus, illumination, shadow and reflection) and three (contrast, focus, noise) modality specific categories plus an overall quality ranking. Performance was compared with a second human grader, evaluated on an external public dataset and in a clinical trial use-case.

Results

The networks achieved a F1-score/area under the receiving operator characteristic/precision recall curve of 0.907/0.963/0.966 for CF and 0.822/0.918/0.889 for FA in overall quality prediction with similar results in most categories. A clear relation between model uncertainty and prediction error was observed. In the clinical trial use-case evaluation, the networks achieved an accuracy of 0.930 for CF and 0.895 for FA.

Conclusion

The presented method allows automated IQA in real time, demonstrating human-level performance for CF as well as FA. Such models can help to overcome the problem of human intergrader and intragrader variability by providing objective and reproducible IQA results. It has particular relevance for real-time feedback in multicentre clinical studies, when images are uploaded to central reading centre portals. Moreover, automated IQA as preprocessing step can support integrating automated approaches into clinical practice.
Radiation-induced optic neuropathy: a review
Authors: Carey Andrew R , Page Brandi R , Miller Neil
Published: November 2022

Radiation is a commonly used treatment modality for head and neck as well as CNS tumours, both benign and malignant. As newer oncology treatments such as immunotherapies allow for longer survival, complications from radiation therapy are becoming more common. Radiation-induced optic neuropathy is a feared complication due to rapid onset and potential for severe and bilateral vision loss. Careful monitoring of high-risk patients and early recognition are crucial for initiating treatment to prevent severe vision loss due to a narrow therapeutic window. This review discusses presentation, aetiology, recent advances in diagnosis using innovative MRI techniques and best practice treatment options based on the most recent evidence-based medicine.
PMI’s IQOS and cigarette ads in Israeli media: a content analysis across regulatory periods and target population subgroups
Authors: Khayat Amal , Berg Carla J , Levine Hagai , Rodnay Maya , Abroms Lorien , Romm Katelyn F , Duan Zongshuan , Bar-Zeev Yael
Published: November 2022

Background

IQOS, manufactured by Philip Morris International (PMI), is the highest selling heated tobacco product globally. IQOS went through several regulatory changes in Israel: from no oversight to minimal tobacco legislation, to progressive legislation that included a partial advertisement ban (exempting print media) and plain packaging. We examined how PMI’s advertising messages changed during these regulatory periods for both IQOS and cigarettes.

Methods

Content analysis of PMI’s IQOS and cigarette ads was performed using a predefined framework. Ad characteristics included regulatory period, target population, setting, product presentation, age and use restrictions, retail accessibility, additional detail cues (eg, QR code) and promotions. Ad themes included product features, legislation-related elements, social norms and comparative claims. Comparisons between IQOS and cigarette ads, and across regulatory periods, were examined using χ2test or Fisher’s exact test.

Results

The dataset included 125 IQOS ads and 71 cigarette ads. IQOS ads featured more age restrictions, retail accessibility and additional detail cues, compared with cigarette ads (93.6% vs 16.9%; 56.0% vs 0.0%; and 95.2% vs 33.8%, p<0.001 for all). Cigarette ads featured mostly price promotions (52.1% vs 10.1% of IQOS ads, p<0.001). The main ad themes were technology for IQOS (85.6%) and quality for cigarettes (50.7%). In later (vs earlier) restrictive regulatory periods, IQOS ads featured more direct comparisons to cigarettes, QR codes and indoor settings, and did not feature product packaging.

Conclusions

IQOS advertisement content shifted as more restrictions went into effect, with several elements used to circumvent legislation. Findings from this study point to the necessity of a complete advertisement ban and ongoing marketing surveillance.
Predictive mapping of wetland soil types in the Canadian Prairie Pothole Region using high-resolution digital elevation model terrain derivatives
Authors: Kiss Jeremy , Bedard-Haughn Angela , Sorenson Preston
Published: November 2022

Wetland soil types, which can be distinguished based on calcium carbonate content, vary in their effect on ecosystem functions like phosphorus retention, salinity contributions, and greenhouse gas forcing. These soil types may be predictively mapped with machine learning models that use terrain derivatives calculated from high-resolution digital elevation models. Soil profiles from three Saskatchewan study sites were classified into three functional categories—upland, calcareous wetland, or noncalcareous wetland—and used to train random forest models for predictive soil mapping. Multiple terrain derivatives were included as predictor variables to capture local- and landscape-scale morphometry and hydrology influences, including five derivatives developed for this study. Models were developed at three spatial resolutions: 2, 5, and 10 m, and tested via internal cross-validation and independent validation with datasets from previous studies. Predictive accuracies were highest when mapping at 2 m resolution (independent validation accuracy range = 64%–100%) but also successful when mapping at 5 and 10 m resolutions (independent validation accuracy range = 63%–100%); however, visual inspection determined that the maps generated at 10 m resolution were less detailed and occasionally featured questionable discontinuous soil distributions. Three of the five terrain derivatives developed for this study were among the most important predictor variables (first, second, and 10th most important). Models trained using only data from a specific site had slightly better performance than models trained using data from all sites, except in regions where training data were lacking.
New wormhole solutions in a viable f (R) gravity model
Authors: Baruah Anshuman , Goswami Parangam , Deshamukhya Atri
Published: November 2022

Traversable wormhole solutions in General Relativity require exotic matter sources that violate the null energy condition (NEC), and such behavior may be avoided in modified gravity. In this study, we analyze the energy conditions for static, spherically symmetric traversable Morris–Thorne wormholes in a recently proposed viable [Formula: see text] gravity model. We numerically analyze solutions considering both constant and variable redshift functions, and present wormhole spacetimes respecting the NEC, supported by a phantom energy-like equation of state for the source. Moreover, we analyze the stability of the spacetimes using the generalized Tolman–Oppenheimer–Volkov equation. We demonstrate the effects of certain parameters in the [Formula: see text] model in determining energy condition violations, and establish that stable wormholes can be formulated only at the expense of violating the NEC.
CLASSICAL SOLUTIONS FOR A BVP FOR A CLASS IMPULSIVE FRACTIONAL PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
Authors: GEORGIEV SVETLIN G. , ZENNIR KHALED , KHALIFA WIEM ABEDELMONEM SALAH BEN , YASSIN AMAL HASSAN MOHAMMED , GHILEN AYMEN , ZUBAIR SULIMA AHMED MOHAMMED , OSMAN NAJLA ELZEIN ABUKASWI
Published: November 2022

In this paper, we investigate a BVP for a class impulsive fractional partial differential equations. We propose a new topological approach to prove the existence of at least one classical solution and at least two nonnegative classical solutions. The arguments are based upon recent theoretical results.
The a0-invariants of powers of a two-dimensional squarefree monomial ideal
Authors: Chu Lizhong , Lu Dancheng
Published: November 2022

Let [Formula: see text] be a one-dimensional simplicial complex on [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] the polynomial ring [Formula: see text] over a field [Formula: see text]. The explicit formula for [Formula: see text] is presented when [Formula: see text]. If [Formula: see text] we characterize the simplicial complexes [Formula: see text] for which [Formula: see text] or [Formula: see text].
Asymmetric Effect of Remittances on Environmental Degradation in Nigeria
Authors: AKINLO Taiwo
Published: November 2022

Nigeria has become one of the sub-Saharan Africa’s largest remittance recipients. Despite the economic benefits of remittances, there is rising concern about their impact on environmental degradation. The NARDL approach was used to analyze time-series data from 1980 to 2018, to determine the impact of remittances increases and decreases on environmental degradation in Nigeria. The cointegration results show that remittances and environmental degradation have a long-run relationship. The study found that remittances is asymmetrically connected to ecological footprint (EFP) as a measure of environmental degradation both in the long run and short run whereas it is asymmetrically connected with CO2as a measure of environmental degradation in the long run only. The study also found that remittances increase contributes to environmental degradation in Nigeria in the long run.
Resilient Ground Vehicle Autonomous Navigation in GPS-Denied Environments
Authors: Baxevani Kleio , Yadav Indrajeet , Yang Yulin , Sebok Michael , Tanner Herbert G. , Huang Guoquan
Published: November 2022

Co-design and integration of vehicle navigation and control and state estimation is key for enabling field deployment of mobile robots in GPS-denied cluttered environments, and sensor calibration is critical for successful operation of both subsystems. This paper demonstrates the potential of this co-design approach with field tests of the integration of a reactive receding horizon-based motion planner and controller with an inertial aided multi-sensor calibration scheme. The reported method provides accurate calibration parameters that improve the performance of the state estimator, and enable the motion controller to generate smooth and continuous minimal-jerk trajectories based on local LiDAR data. Numerical simulations in Unity, and real-world experimental results from the field corroborate the claims of efficacy for the reported autonomous navigation computational pipeline.
Structure-aware Video Style Transfer with Map Art
Authors: Le Thi-Ngoc-Hanh , Chen Ya-Hsuan , Lee Tong-Yee
Published: November 2022

Changing the style of an image/video while preserving its content is a crucial criterion to access a new neural style transfer algorithm. However, it is very challenging to transfer a new map art style to a certain video in which “content” comprises a map background and animation objects. In this article, we present a novel comprehensive system that solves the problems in transferring map art style in such video. Our system takes as input an arbitrary video, a map image, and an off-the-shelf map art image. It then generates an artistic video without damaging the functionality of the map and the consistency in details. To solve this challenge, we propose a novel network,
Map Art Video Network
(MAViNet), the tailored objective functions, and a rich training set with rich animation contents and different map structures. We have evaluated our method on various challenging cases and many comparisons with those of the related works. Our method substantially outperforms state-of-the-art methods in terms of visual quality and meets the mentioned criteria in this research domain.
B2 cells contribute to hypertension and natural killer cell activation possibly via AT1-AA in response to placental ischemia
Authors: Herrock Owen T. , Deer Evangeline , Amaral Lorena M. , Campbell Nathan , Lemon James , Ingram Nicole , Cornelius Denise C. , Turner Ty W. , Fitzgerald Sarah , Ibrahim Tarek , Dechend Ralf , Wallukat Gerd , LaMarca Babbette
Published: November 2022

This study demonstrates that placental ischemia-stimulated B2 cells induce hypertension and circulating natural killer cell activation and angiotensin II type 1 receptor production in normal pregnant rats.
Abnormal glomerular basement membrane maturation impairs mesangial cell differentiation during murine postnatal nephrogenesis
Authors: Uchio-Yamada Kozue , Yasuda Keiko , Oh-Hashi Kentaro , Manabe Noboru
Published: November 2022

Mesangial cell-glomerular basement membrane (GBM) connections play an important role in maintaining the structural integrity of the glomerular tuft. However, information remains scarce about how GBM maturation affects the formation of these connections during glomerular development. Here, we show that abnormal GBM maturation due to tensin 2 deficiency affects mesangial cell differentiation by impairing mesangial cell-GBM connections during postnatal glomerulogenesis.
An emergent temporal basis set robustly supports cerebellar time-series learning
Authors: Gilmer Jesse I. , Farries Michael A. , Kilpatrick Zachary , Delis Ioannis , Cohen Jeremy D. , Person Abigail L.
Published: November 2022

During movement, mossy fiber inputs to the cerebellum relay time-varying information with strong intrinsic relationships to ongoing movement. Are such mossy fibers signals sufficient to support Purkinje signals and learning? In a model, we show how the GCL greatly improves Purkinje learning of complex, temporally dynamic signals relative to mossy fibers alone. Learning-optimized GCL population activity was moderately dense, which retained intrinsic input variance while also performing pattern separation.
Preparing to sing: respiratory patterns underlying motor readiness for song
Authors: Méndez Jorge M. , Dukes Jacqueline , Cooper Brenton G.
Published: November 2022

Motor planning for vocal production in birdsong manifests as an adaptation of respiratory characteristics prior to song. The songbird’s respiratory system anticipates the upcoming song production by accelerating the respiratory tempo and increasing the proportion of time spent inhaling.
Numerical Simulation of Coupled Fractional Differential-Integral Equations Utilizing the Second Kind Chebyshev Wavelets
Authors: Shi Wei , Xie Jiaquan , Wang Tao , Zhang Yanjie
Published: November 2022

In order to solve coupled fractional differential-integral equations more effectively and to deal with the problem that the huge algebraic equations lead to considerable computational complexity and large data storage requirements in the calculation process, this paper approximates the function of the unknown solution based on the Chebyshev wavelet of the second kind and then combines the collocation method to solve the numerical solution of nonlinear fractional Fredholm integral-differential equations. By using the proposed method, the original problem can be reduced to a system of linear algebraic equations, which can be easily solved by some mathematical techniques. In addition, the convergence analysis of the system based on the second kind of Chebyshev wavelet is studied. Several numerical test problems are presented, and the absolute error values under different fractional orders are given, which proves the superiority and effectiveness of the proposed method. It provides support for improving the precision and reliability of the system.
The Temporal Spatial Dynamic of Land Policy in China: Evidence from Policy Analysis Based on Machine Learning
Authors: Li Xiao , Yao Yuting , Zhu Meihong
Published: November 2022

Extracting useful information from a large number of policy texts is a challenging and insufficiently discussed topic. Utilizing large sample policy texts and a method of machine learning, this study contributes to the research gap by systematically analyzing the temporal evolution and spatial differentiation of China’s land policy from 1998 to 2018. A framework comprising six major themes of land policy, namely, “land development, land acquisition and demolition, cultivated land protection, land planning, land consolidation and utilization, and land confirmation and transfer” is first established, according to the theoretical and institutional background of land management. Based on this framework, the Latent Dirichlet Allocation analysis of more than 20,000 policy documents at different levels of government shows that, (1) temporally, the priority of land policy evolves with the spirit of the central document and the macropolitical and economic conditions and, (2) spatially, there are significant differences in land policies among provinces. Overall, the analysis of land policy documents shows the tradeoff between cultivated land protection and land development and also the emphasize on other topics, with the changes in land policy priorities in different periods and regions.
Sono-hydrolysis of banana stem midrib using HY-zeolite from natural sand-based silica as a catalyst
Authors: Sumari Sumari , Santoso Aman , Asrori Muhammad Roy , Prakasa Yana Fajar , Baharintasari Dinar Rachmadika
Published: November 2022

Banana stem midrib has potential as glucose source through catalytic hydrolysis assisted by ultrasonic (sono-hydrolysis). Besides, natural sand-based silica is potential as raw material for zeolite synthesis. The purpose of the study was to do two things: i) characterize HY-zeolite made from natural sand-based silica and ii) determine whether or not HY-zeolite is effective for sono-hydrolysis of banana stem midrib. There was a total of four processes that were carried out, including i) the extraction of silica, ii) the synthesis of HY zeolite, iii) the hydrolysis process, and iv) the glucose content test. The results of the study were gain two things: i) The findings of X-ray florescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and fourier transform infrared (FTIR) on HY-zeolite are 2.3 Si/Al, obtained 2 theta and d-spacing data similarities for HY-zeolite, and formed T-O-T, O-T-O (T = Si/Al), and Si-OH groups respectively; and ii) HY-zeolite with ultrasonic was effective for hydrolyzing cellulose into glucose at maximum temperature and time, 55 °C and 6 hours.
Feasibility study of the Kerinci 350 MW hydro power plant
Authors: Yunardi M. Muaz Afra , Sudiarto Budi
Published: November 2022

The demand for electricity is currently growing rapidly. In accordance with the government's policy to optimize the use of renewable energy sources, including water, by constructing a hydroelectric power plant. The study of the potential utilization of the Batang river flow is aimed at how much of the optimum electric power potential there is in the utilization of the Batang Merangin river flow as a hydropower plant. The results of the calculation of the potential for electric power at the Kerinci PLTA show that the optimum electrical power that can be generated is 366.27 MW and the energy produced annually is 1,443.86 GWh. The cash flow of the Kerinci hydropower project consists of technical estimates, revenues, operating and maintenance costs, inflation, taxes, and depreciation. Benefit-cost ratio analysis is calculated according to probable economic conditions during construction and lifetime. The initial investment cost for the Kerinci hydropower plant is around 12,922,000,000,000. The net present value obtained is 423,372,934,373, the internal rate of return is 10.7%, the return on equity is 16.2 years and the benefit-cost ratio is 1.2. The results show that the Kerinci hydropower plant can be built in terms of both technology and money.
Produtos coloniais como comidas e bebidas tradicionais alimentando o turismo e preservando a cultura em Nova Trento (SC)
Authors: Dalri Aloisio José , Rossini Diva de Mello
Published: November 2022

Os produtos coloniais são alimentos e bebidas processados a partir de técnicas tradicionais adotadas por imigrantes europeus que colonizaram o município de Nova Trento (Santa Catarina), região Sul do Brasil. Inicialmente utilizados como reserva alimentar das famílias de agricultores, ganharam uma nova aplicação com o advento do turismo, passando a ser procurados e consumidos por visitantes atraídos, principalmente, pelos sítios religiosos ali comuns. Tal fato sugere que um maior entendimento a seu respeito pode estimular seu consumo e dinamizar outras atividades. Este artigo objetiva analisar as potencialidades dos produtos coloniais para compreender como contribuem com o desenvolvimento do turismo cultural e a preservação do patrimônio alimentar local. Trata-se de estudo qualitativo, de caráter exploratório descritivo, com pesquisa bibliográfica, de campo e observação não-participante, assim como, entrevistas semiestruturadas com produtores, comerciantes, gestores e consumidores de produtos coloniais. Os dados foram analisados à luz da análise de conteúdo categorial-temática. Os resultados indicam que os produtos coloniais possuem estreita relação com o contexto sociocultural e territorial pesquisado, o que favorece a sua preservação pela transmissão cultural relacionada ao processo de autenticidade. Seus atributos culturais, nutricionais e organolépticos possibilitam, portanto, atrair novos públicos, gerar oportunidades econômicas, diversificar e difundir o turismo no destino, especialmente se ofertados em sinergia com outros atrativos locais.
Macrophage-Derived 25-Hydroxycholesterol Promotes Vascular Inflammation, Atherogenesis, and Lesion Remodeling
Authors: Canfrán-Duque Alberto , Rotllan Noemi , Zhang Xinbo , Andrés-Blasco Irene , Thompson Bonne M. , Sun Jonathan , Price Nathan L. , Fernández-Fuertes Marta , Fowler Joseph W. , Gómez-Coronado Diego , Sessa William C. , Giannarelli Chiara , Schneider Robert J. , Tellides George , McDonald Jeffrey G. , Fernández-Hernando Carlos , Suárez Yajaira
Published: November 2022

Background:

Cross-talk between sterol metabolism and inflammatory pathways has been demonstrated to significantly affect the development of atherosclerosis. Cholesterol biosynthetic intermediates and derivatives are increasingly recognized as key immune regulators of macrophages in response to innate immune activation and lipid overloading. 25-Hydroxycholesterol (25-HC) is produced as an oxidation product of cholesterol by the enzyme cholesterol 25-hydroxylase (CH25H) and belongs to a family of bioactive cholesterol derivatives produced by cells in response to fluctuating cholesterol levels and immune activation. Despite the major role of 25-HC as a mediator of innate and adaptive immune responses, its contribution during the progression of atherosclerosis remains unclear.

Methods:

The levels of 25-HC were analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, and the expression of
CH25H
in different macrophage populations of human or mouse atherosclerotic plaques, respectively. The effect of CH25H on atherosclerosis progression was analyzed by bone marrow adoptive transfer of cells from wild-type or
Ch25h

–/–

mice to lethally irradiated
Ldlr

–/–

mice, followed by a Western diet feeding for 12 weeks. Lipidomic, transcriptomic analysis and effects on macrophage function and signaling were analyzed in vitro from lipid-loaded macrophage isolated from
Ldlr

–/–

or
Ch25h–/–;Ldlr–/– mice
. The contribution of secreted 25-HC to fibrous cap formation was analyzed using a smooth muscle cell lineage–tracing mouse model,
Myh11

ERT2CRE

mT/mG;Ldlr

–/–

, adoptively transferred with wild-type or
Ch25h

–/–

mice bone marrow followed by 12 weeks of Western diet feeding.

Results:

We found that 25-HC accumulated in human coronary atherosclerotic lesions and that macrophage-derived 25-HC accelerated atherosclerosis progression, promoting plaque instability through autocrine and paracrine actions. 25-HC amplified the inflammatory response of lipid-loaded macrophages and inhibited the migration of smooth muscle cells within the plaque. 25-HC intensified inflammatory responses of lipid-laden macrophages by modifying the pool of accessible cholesterol in the plasma membrane, which altered Toll-like receptor 4 signaling, promoted nuclear factor-κB–mediated proinflammatory gene expression, and increased apoptosis susceptibility. These effects were independent of 25-HC–mediated modulation of liver X receptor or SREBP (sterol regulatory element–binding protein) transcriptional activity.

Conclusions:

Production of 25-HC by activated macrophages amplifies their inflammatory phenotype, thus promoting atherogenesis.
Persistent Asthma Is Associated With Carotid Plaque in MESA
Authors: Tattersall Matthew C. , Dasiewicz Alison S. , McClelland Robyn L. , Jarjour Nizar N. , Korcarz Claudia E. , Mitchell Carol C. , Esnault Stephane , Szklo Moyses , Stein James H.
Published: November 2022

Background

Asthma and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease share an underlying inflammatory pathophysiology. We hypothesized that persistent asthma is associated with carotid plaque burden, a strong predictor of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease events.

Methods and Results

The MESA (Multi‐Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis) enrolled adults free of known atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease at baseline. Subtype of asthma was determined at examination 1. Persistent asthma was defined as asthma requiring use of controller medications, and intermittent asthma was defined as asthma without controller medications. B‐mode carotid ultrasound was performed to detect carotid plaques (total plaque score [TPS], range 0–12). Multivariable regression modeling with robust variances evaluated the association of asthma subtype and carotid plaque burden. The 5029 participants were a mean (SD) age of 61.6 (10.0) years (53% were women, 26% were Black individuals, 23% were Hispanic individuals, and 12% were Chinese individuals). Carotid plaque was present in 50.5% of participants without asthma (TPS, 1.29 [1.80]), 49.5% of participants with intermittent asthma (TPS, 1.25 [1.76]), and 67% of participants with persistent asthma (TPS, 2.08 [2.35]) (
P
≤0.003). Participants with persistent asthma had higher interleukin‐6 (1.89 [1.61] pg/mL) than participants without asthma (1.52 [1.21] pg/mL;
P
=0.02). In fully adjusted models, persistent asthma was associated with carotid plaque presence (odds ratio, 1.83 [95% confidence interval, 1.21–2.76];
P
<0.001) and TPS (β=0.66;
P
<0.01), without attenuation after adjustment for baseline interleukin‐6 (
P
=0.02) or CRP (C‐reactive protein) (
P
=0.01).

Conclusions

Participants with persistent asthma had higher carotid plaque burden and higher levels of inflammatory biomarkers, compared with participants without asthma. Adjustment for baseline inflammatory biomarkers did not attenuate the association between carotid plaque and asthma subtype, highlighting the increased atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk among those with persistent asthma may be multifactorial.
Diabetes and Excess Aldosterone Promote Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction
Authors: Hegyi Bence , Mira Hernandez Juliana , Ko Christopher Y. , Hong Junyoung , Shen Erin Y. , Spencer Emily R. , Smoliarchuk Daria , Navedo Manuel F. , Bers Donald M. , Bossuyt Julie
Published: November 2022

Background

The pathobiology of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is still poorly understood, and effective therapies remain limited. Diabetes and mineralocorticoid excess are common and important pathophysiological factors that may synergistically promote HFpEF. The authors aimed to develop a novel animal model of HFpEF that recapitulates key aspects of the complex human phenotype with multiorgan impairments.

Methods and Results

The authors created a novel HFpEF model combining leptin receptor–deficient
db/db
mice with a 4‐week period of aldosterone infusion. The HFpEF phenotype was assessed using morphometry, echocardiography, Ca
2+
handling, and electrophysiology. The sodium‐glucose cotransporter‐2 inhibitor empagliflozin was then tested for reversing the arrhythmogenic cardiomyocyte phenotype. Continuous aldosterone infusion for 4 weeks in
db/db
mice induced marked diastolic dysfunction with preserved ejection fraction, cardiac hypertrophy, high levels of B‐type natriuretic peptide, and significant extracardiac comorbidities (including severe obesity, diabetes with marked hyperglycemia, pulmonary edema, and vascular dysfunction). Aldosterone or
db/db
alone induced only a mild diastolic dysfunction without congestion. At the cellular level, cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, prolonged Ca
2+
transient decay, and arrhythmogenic action potential remodeling (prolongation, increased short‐term variability, delayed afterdepolarizations), and enhanced late Na
+
current were observed in aldosterone‐treated
db/db
mice. All of these arrhythmogenic changes were reversed by empagliflozin pretreatment of HFpEF cardiomyocytes.

Conclusions

The authors conclude that the
db/db
+aldosterone model may represent a distinct clinical subgroup of HFpEF that has marked hyperglycemia, obesity, and increased arrhythmia risk. This novel HFpEF model can be useful in future therapeutic testing and should provide unique opportunities to better understand disease pathobiology.
Prognostic Implications of Mechanical Phenotypes in Heart Failure Characterized by 3‐Chamber Strain Echocardiography
Authors: Park Jiesuck , Choi Hong‐Mi , Hwang In‐Chang , Yoon Yeonyee E. , Park Jun‐Bean , Park Jae‐Hyeong , Cho Goo‐Yeong
Published: November 2022

Background

Heart failure (HF) involves dysfunction of the left ventricle (LV) as well as left atrium and right ventricle. We characterized mechanical phenotypes of HF using 3‐chamber strain echocardiography and compared their clinical outcomes.

Methods and Results

We retrospectively analyzed 3574 patients (median age, 74 years; male 52.8%) with acute HF who underwent 3‐chamber strain echocardiography. Patients were classified as with LV, left atrium, or right ventricle myopathy if their corresponding strain values (LV global longitudinal strain, left atrium reservoir strain, and right ventricle global longitudinal strain) were lower than median cutoffs, respectively. The mechanical phenotypes of individual patients were characterized according to the combined myopathy. The primary outcome was a composite end point of 5‐year all‐cause mortality and HF hospitalization. During follow‐up (median, 25.8 months), the primary outcome occurred in 1877 (52.5%) patients. Three‐chamber strain values were independent predictors for the primary outcome. An incremental trend was observed for the primary outcome, along with the increasing numbers of combined myopathy. Each mechanical phenotype exhibited an increased risk of the primary outcome, with the highest risk observed in patients with 3‐chamber myopathy (hazard ratio, 1.67 [95% CI, 1.42–1.96]). The prognostic significance of the mechanical phenotypes was feasible across the conventional HF subtypes stratified by LV ejection fraction. In HF with preserved ejection fraction, the presence of left atrium and right ventricle myopathy significantly increased the primary outcome, regardless of combined left ventricle myopathy.

Conclusions

Assessment of 3‐chamber strain in HF enables characterization of distinctive mechanical phenotypes, which provides an independent prognostic value that may support long‐term risk stratification.
Ultra-Long Transfers for Endovascular Thrombectomy—Mission Impossible?: The Australia-New Zealand Experience
Authors: Garcia-Esperon Carlos , Wu Teddy Y. , Carraro do Nascimento Vinicius , Yan Bernard , Kurunawai Craig , Kleinig Tim , Selkirk Gregory , Blacker David , Barber P. Alan , Ranta Annemarei , Cervera Alvaro , Wong Andrew , Mitchell Peter , Muller Claire , Rice Hal , De Villiers Laetitia , Jannes Jim , Beom Hong Jae , Bailey Peter , Brown Helen , Campbell Bruce C.V. , Wilson Duncan , Fink John , Ang Timothy , Bladin Christopher , Phillips Tim , Hasnain Md Golam , Butcher Kenneth , Miteff Ferdinand , Levi Christopher R. , Spratt Neil J. , Parsons Mark W. , Chew Beng Lim Alvin , Morgan Mary , Collecutt Wayne , Krauss Martin , Tan Aaron , Mahadevan Joshua , Willcourt Matthew , Cervera Alvaro , Bivard Andrew
Published: November 2022

Background:

Endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) access in remote areas is limited. Preliminary data suggest that long distance transfers for EVT may be beneficial; however, the magnitude and best imaging strategy at the referring center remains uncertain. We hypothesized that patients transferred >300 miles would benefit from EVT, achieving rates of functional independence (modified Rankin Scale [mRS] score of 0–2) at 3 months similar to those patients treated at the comprehensive stroke center in the randomized EVT extended window trials and that the selection of patients with computed tomography perfusion (CTP) at the referring site would be associated with ordinal shift toward better outcomes on the mRS.

Methods:

This is a retrospective analysis of patients transferred from 31 referring hospitals >300 miles (measured by the most direct road distance) to 9 comprehensive stroke centers in Australia and New Zealand for EVT consideration (April 2016 through May 2021).

Results:

There were 131 patients; the median age was 64 [53–74] years and the median baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score was 16 [12–22]. At baseline, 79 patients (60.3%) had noncontrast CT+CT angiography, 52 (39.7%) also had CTP. At the comprehensive stroke center, 114 (87%) patients underwent cerebral angiography, and 96 (73.3%) proceeded to EVT. At 3 months, 62 patients (48.4%) had an mRS score of 0 to 2 and 81 (63.3%) mRS score of 0 to 3. CTP selection at the referring site was not associated with better ordinal scores on the mRS at 3 months (mRS median of 2 [1–3] versus 3 [1–6] in the patients selected with noncontrast CT+CT angiography,
P
=0.1). Nevertheless, patients selected with CTP were less likely to have an mRS score of 5 to 6 (odds ratio 0.03 [0.01–0.19];
P
<0.01).

Conclusions:

In selected patients transferred >300 miles, there was a benefit for EVT, with outcomes similar to those treated in the comprehensive stroke center in the EVT extended window trials. Remote hospital CTP selection was not associated with ordinal mRS improvement, but was associated with fewer very poor 3-month outcomes.
The Failure of CBDR in Global Environmental Politics
Authors: Kolmaš Michal
Published: November 2022

Although it is often assumed that the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities (CBDR) has been the key instrument in structuring normative and practical functioning of the international climate regime, I argue that this principle has never become collectively shared and coherently applied. I propose three interrelated sites of contestation that have prevented this principle from reaching a status of a collectively shared norm: first, developed countries have failed to internalize it; second, developing countries have failed to unite behind it; and third, CBDR’s key tenets have become so fiercely contested that they have prevented coherent political implementation. This dynamic has undermined the legitimacy of the climate regime and disillusioned many members of the developing bloc. Since the CBDR principles are key to a well-functioning climate regime, a radical action by the developed countries must be taken to advance CBDR into a collective shared normative status and political guidance.
Breaking the Links: Natural Resource Booms and Intergenerational Mobility
Authors: Bütikofer Aline , Dalla-Zuanna Antonio , Salvanes Kjell G.
Published: November 2022

This paper demonstrates that a large economic shock such as an oil boom increases intergenerational earnings mobility among directly affected men, mostly through increased bottom-up mobility, but not for women. Preexisting local differences in mobility or shifts in the earnings distributions do not drive these findings. Instead, changes in relative earnings paid to workers with different skills offer the best explanation. Moreover, we document that intergenerational mobility is significantly higher for the indirectly affected third generation and that the oil boom broke the earnings link between first- and third-generation men.