bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Species Identification of Bovine Bone Marrow from Nonbovine Products Using Multiplex PCR Technology
Authors: Guan Yize , Li Nan , Sun Liyuan , Li Ming-Cheng , Li Tancheng
Published: September 2022

Bovine bone marrow is traditionally regarded as a highly nutritious food that has been widely used as a medicinal and health food for several decades in China. A large number of adulterated and counterfeit bone marrows from pigs and donkeys have been used in place of bovine bone marrow in commercial products, which are almost identical morphologically between species. Therefore, we explored the feasibility of multiplex PCR technology to differentiate bovine bone marrows from different domestic animals. Three pairs of specific primers for bovine, pig, and donkey were designed according to the conserved sequence in mitochondrial cytochrome b. A modified method was used to extract the genomic DNA from common domestic animals’ bone marrows. The optimal reaction conditions for triple PCR were optimized. A three-fold PCR detection assay was successfully established to identify three species of bovine, pig, and donkey. Three primers have good specificity and high sensitivity. Additionally, the assay sensitivity test confirmed that the extracted DNA concentration was the lowest in bovine bone marrow at 10°pg/μL. The assay also showed 100% specificity. Rapid authentication of bovine bone marrow and differentiation from nonbovine products can be achieved using an improved SDS alkali denaturation method and species-specific PCR assay. Both species-specific PCR methods described in this study can be potentially applied for the quality evaluation of functional food and drug resources.
Optimal Design of Harvesting Speed and Forward Speed of Harvester Based on Adaptive Control System
Authors: Wang Guoqiang , Wang Li , Yang Yafei , You Xingqin
Published: September 2022

The working efficiency of the combine harvester is still very low. It is an important way to realize mechanization to optimize the cutting speed of the harvester and the forward speed of the cutter without increasing economic input. In view of this, the present study briefly summarized the current structure of combine harvester systems. A new type of adaptive control system of combine harvesters was designed from the angle of cutting speed and forward speed of cutter. The sugarcane test base was taken as the test field, and the best matching speed was obtained with the goal of high efficiency of combine harvester and minimum sugarcane damage rate. In the test of cutting speed and forward speed of combine harvester, the optimal cutting speed under different forward speed conditions was recorded. The test results showed that the designed adaptive control system of the combine harvester could control the cutting speed and forward speed of the cutter well. The cutting speed and forward speed adaptive control system can realize the response to the input parameters and meet the design requirements of the harvester. This study can improve the economic benefits of the combine harvester and the quality of the harvested crops.
Structural Optimization of Architectural Environmental Art Design Based on Multiagent Simulation System
Authors: Pan Jie
Published: September 2022

Underthe background of the new era, the architectural environment design is constantly changing. Architectural environment design is to beautify the environment and provide people with a pleasant architectural environment. No matter what time, beauty is the eternal theme and the pursuit of people. Structural bionic design is based on the natural prototype, which is transformed into understandable digital or technical models by extracting relevant structural and behavioral features as design elements. The application of this design technique in architectural devices not only has strong structural logic but also artistic beauty, and can form novel spatial form and structural form of architectural devices. By analyzing the present situation and existing problems of theoretical research and simulation experiment of multiagent system, the necessity of designing a multiagent system planning algorithm and developing distributed real-time simulation experiment system is pointed out. A good environmental art design scheme can be designed in many different styles, and the performance of the design renderings will also appear in different pictures. The really chosen design scheme depends on the designer’s conception theme and then look at the performance of the renderings. In recent years, the emergence of multiagent has had a great impact on building environment design. Multiagent technology is a comprehensive information technology that integrates artificial intelligence, network, digital, and other technologies.
Cysteinyl-tRNA Synthetase 1 Promotes Ferroptosis-Induced Cell Death via Regulating GPX4 Expression
Authors: Zhang Wanfei , Lin Xianzuan , Chen Shaogeng
Published: September 2022

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) has still been considered to be the most common malignant tumors in China. Emerging evidence indicates that cysteinyl-tRNA synthetase 1 (CARS1) has been considered as a ferroptosis-related gene in ESCC. However, the roles and molecular mechanisms of CARS1 in ferroptosis-induced cell death of ESCC are still largely unknown. In our study, we investigated an aberrantly upregulated gene in ESCC tumor tissues CARS1 significantly inhibited cell proliferation, and the ability of migration and invasion promoted the relative level of MDA and ROS and decreased GPX4 expression level in two ESCC cell lines. Mechanistically, both the ferroptosis inhibitor ferrostatin-1 and its inducer erastin were further used and indicated that CARS1 participated in the ferroptosis-induced cell death. Together, these results revealed that CARS1 has a critical function in the progression of ESCC by promoting ferroptosis-induced cell death.
Shenxian-Shengmai Oral Liquid Evoke Autophagy of Fibroblast to Attenuate Sinoatrial Node Fibrosis in Sick Sinus Syndrome Mice via the AKT/mTOR Pathway
Authors: Chen Chen , Zhang Heng , Hou Siyi , Liu Yue , Ren Lu , Hao Miao , Chen Keyan , Li Lingkang , Cai Xintong , Deng Zisu , Liu Zhuang , Hou Ping
Published: September 2022

Sick sinus syndrome (SSS) is closely associated with cardiac syncope and sudden death, wherein sinoatrial node (SAN) fibrosis is one of the main pathological changes that occur. Shenxian-Shengmai oral liquid (SXSM) has been clinically proven to significantly improve the heart rate of SSS patients. In this study, we aimed to explore the mechanism of SXSM in reducing the SAN fibrosis by combining in vitro and in vivo experiments. Accordingly, the SSS model was constructed by slowly pumping angiotensin II (AngII) with a micro-osmotic pump. The degree of fibrosis was evaluated by Masson’s trichrome staining and immunofluorescence staining of the fibrosis marker protein. In addition, NIH-3T3 mouse fibroblasts were used to simulate SAN fibroblasts to further explore the mechanism, with AngII used as the cellular fibrosis inducer. Monodansylcadaverine (MDC) staining and transmission electron microscopy were employed to assay the autophagy content, whereas immunofluorescence staining and Western blotting were employed to elucidate the related protein expression. Finally, fibroblasts were given the AKT phosphorylation agonist SC79 to reversely verify the effects of SXSM. The results showed that SXSM could significantly increase the heart rate of SSS mice by reducing the deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) in SAN induced by AngII. According to in vivo experiments, when compared with the model group, SSS mice treated with SXSM developed less fibrosis in the SAN area. In vitro experiments revealed that AngII could restrain autophagy by activating the phosphorylation of the AKT/mTOR pathway, thereby increasing the deposition of ECM. Moreover, SXSM pretreatment prevented this upregulation. After the intervention of SC79, the protective effect of SXSM was weakened. In conclusion, SXSM activated autophagy through the AKT/mTOR pathway, which in turn reduced the deposition of the ECM in SAN induced by AngII, attenuated the fibrosis of SAN, and improved the decreased heart rate in the SSS mice.
On the Odd Perks Exponential Model: An Application to Quality Control Data
Authors: Shafiq Shakaiba , Jamal Farrukh , Chesneau Christophe , Aslam Muhammad , Mendy John T.
Published: September 2022

In the present study, the group acceptance plan is examined when the lifetime of an item follows the odd Perks exponential distribution, and a large number of items regarded as a group are evaluated simultaneously. The crucial parameters are derived from the consumer risk and the test termination period. The operating characteristics function values are generated for various quality levels. An optimized group acceptance plan and comparison of group acceptance sampling plan with the ordinary sampling plan are also presented. Additionally, a graphical illustration of operating characteristics for diverse groups and parametric values is provided. The minimum ratios of the actual average life to the stipulated average life are likewise computed at the prescribed producer’s risk. Examples are used to illustrate the outcomes via our algorithm under the odd Perks exponential distribution setting. It is explained using a quality control dataset to establish its practical versatility.
Availability Analysis of the Critical Production System in SMEs Using the Markov Decision Model
Authors: K Velmurugan , S Saravanasankar , P Venkumar , R Sudhakarapandian , Di Bona Gianpaolo
Published: September 2022

Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in today’s world have numerous issues in ensuring the availability and safety of critical machines and their components in the working environment. As a result, SMEs considered planning and scheduling maintenance tasks to be a significant threat. The goal of this research is to identify the critical subsystem of the automobile spare parts production plant in the southern region of Tamil Nadu, India, and then to prioritize the maintenance activity and set up an architecture for autonomous preventive maintenance (PM) in SMEs that includes an optimal decision support system. The transition state diagram of the individual and simultaneous production system has been developed with the application of the Markov decision model approach. It was used to analyze the present variables of the production systems and forecast the optimal maintenance parameters such as the failure rate and the repair rate, through the production system’s availability analysis. This availability analysis reveals that system B (Piercing) is classified as the most critical because of the abrupt availability variation compared to all other production systems, concerning the corresponding maintenance parameters such as a failure rate of 0.0371, a repair rate of 0.7094, and the availability of the piercing system of 0.5056. Finally, the use of an autonomous PM management system and the most effective maintenance workforce has enhanced productivity and customer satisfaction in SMEs. The predictive maintenance management system has been further investigated to determine the real-time remaining useful life (RUL) of critical systems in the automobile spare parts manufacturing plant in the southern region of Tamil Nadu, India.
Molecular Mechanism Exploration of Autologous Blood Transfusion with RBC Surface Membrane Protein pMHC/aCD28 Combined with CD8+T Cells to Promote the Proliferation of CD8+T Cells to Inhibit the Malignant Transformation of Liver Cancer
Authors: Tao Haiyong , Liu Tong , Yao Na , Wang Jinhuo , Xu Jiaming , Zhou Xiaofang , Chen Xiaofei , Guo Jianrong
Published: September 2022

Autologous blood transfusion is an important blood protection measure. Red blood cells have a certain degree of immunogenicity and their surface membrane proteins CD28 and MHC can participate in the immune response and interact with CD8+ T cells. We build a cell model with a transwell system. The binding characteristics of RBCs and CD8+ T cells were observed with a fluorescent confocal microscope. The content of the inflammatory factor TNF-α and IFN-γ produced was analyzed by ELISA. The proliferation characteristics of CD8+ T cells were analyzed by CFSE staining, and the content of CD3+CD8+ T cells was analyzed by flow cytometry. Cell migration and invasion experiments were used to analyze the malignant metastasis ability of liver cancer cells. The expression of vimentin, E-cadherin, and β-catenin was analyzed by Western blot. We establish a liver cancer model in rats and group them for autologous blood transfusion. The content of CD3+CD8+T cells in the blood of each group of rats was analyzed by flow cytometry. Western blot was used to analyze the expression of vimentin, E-cadherin, and β-catenin in the liver tissues of rats in each group. The red blood cells in the autologous reinfusion blood and CD8+ T cells have an obvious combination. The degree of combination of the two is related to the expression of CD28 and MHC. If CD28 and MHC are expressed at the same time, the combination of the two cells will be high, the proliferation of CD8+ T cells will increase, and the expression of inflammatory factors will also increase, while the expression of the three proteins that are positively correlated with the activity of cancer cells will decrease. If only one of CD28 and MHC is normally expressed, the result is contrary to the situation where both membrane proteins are normally expressed. Our project has proved that autologous infusion of red blood cell surface membrane proteins CD28 and MHC combined with CD8+ T cells can promote the proliferation of CD8+ T cells to inhibit the malignant transformation of liver cancer.
Identification of Diagnostic Biomarkers of Rape Pollen Allergy Based on MRNA Sequencing
Authors: Li Jianhua , Wang Fang , Cui Yunhua , Song Li , Yu Yongmei , Chen Xia
Published: September 2022

In this study, 383 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the allergic group and the nonallergic group were excavated. Humoral immune response, chemokine-related biological processes, granulocyte-related biological processes, IL-17 signaling pathway, and TNF signaling pathway were found connected with DEGs. The allergic group had significantly higher enrich scores of T cells, T helper cells, TFH, and Th17 cells than the nonallergic group. We acquired 26 rape pollen allergy-associated genes by taking the intersection of key module genes from WGCNA and the DEGs. The functional enrichment results show that rape pollen allergy-associated genes are relevant to processes and pathways like regulation of inflammatory response, transcriptional regulation, lymphocyte differentiation, IL-17 signaling pathway, and MAPK signaling pathway. Then, three characteristic genes were defined by crossing the genes derived from LASSO and SVM-RFE algorithms, including MYADM, PMAIP1, and MLF1. The AUC values of these genes manifested that the three genes had a mighty discrimination power in discriminating allergic samples from nonallergic samples. In conclusion, this study revealed three characteristic genes (MYADM, PMAIP1, and MLF1) in rape pollen allergy, suggesting that they may be potential biomarkers in rape pollen allergy diagnosis and treatment.
Evaluation of Using Genetic Algorithm and ArcGIS for Determining the Optimal-Time Path in the Optimization of Vehicle Routing Applications
Authors: Albalawneh Da’ad Ahmad , Afendee Mohamed Mohamad
Published: September 2022

Transportation is regarded as one of the most important issues currently being researched; this issue needs the search for approaches or processes that might lessen many contemporary traffic concerns. Congestion, pollution, and accidents have escalated lately, negatively impacting urban environments, economic development, and citizens’ lifestyles. The rise of illnesses and epidemics throughout the world, such as COVID-19, has created an urgent need to find the best way to save people’s lives. The vehicle routing problem (VRP) is a well-known moniker for improving transportation systems and is regarded as one of the ancient and contemporary difficulties in route planning applications. One of the main tasks of VRP is serving many customers by determining the optimal route from an initial point to a destination on a real-time road map. The best route is not necessarily the shortest-distance route, but, in emergency cases, it is the route that takes the least fitness cost (time) and the fastest way to arrive. This paper aims to provide an adaptive genetic algorithm (GA) to determine the optimal time route, taking into account the factors that influence the vehicle arrival time and cause delays. In addition, the Network Analyst tool in ArcGIS is used to determine the optimal route using real-time map based on the user’s preferences and suggest the best one. Experimental results indicate that the performance of GA is mainly determined by an efficient representation, evaluation of fitness function, and other factors such as population size and selection method.
Shoutai Wan Improves Embryo Survival by Regulating Aerobic Glycolysis of Trophoblast Cells in a Mouse Model of Recurrent Spontaneous Abortion
Authors: Liang Xiao , Tang Siling , Li Dandan , Song Yajing , He Ming , Duan Yancang , Du Huilan
Published: September 2022

Background. During embryo implantation, the blastocyst exhibits a high capacity for aerobic glycolysis, which results in a unique microenvironment of high lactate/low pH at the maternal-fetal interface. Shoutai Wan (STW) is an effective Chinese herbal formula widely used in the clinical treatment of recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA). However, the specific molecular mechanism by which STW prevents abortion is yet to be elucidated. Methods. Female CBA/J mice were allocated into six groups randomly and then mated with BALB/c mice as the control group, DBA/2 mice as the RSA model, CBA/J×DBA/2 mice treated with dydrogesterone as the DQYT group, or CBA/J×DBA/2 mice treated with low, medium, and high-dose STW as the STW-L, STW-M, and STW-H groups, respectively. Drug administration started 14 days before mating and ended on the 14th day of pregnancy. The embryo loss rate of each group was calculated on day 14 of gestation, and the pregnancy outcomes of the mice in each group were observed. The mouse serum was collected to determine the levels of progesterone (P) and chorionic gonadotropin (CG). The activities of HK2, PKM2, and LDHA, the key glycolytic enzymes in each group, were detected. The expressions of lactate, ATP, HK2, PKM2, LDHA, MCT4, GLUT1, and GPR81 as well as the morphology of trophoblast cells were examined. Results. The embryo loss rate and adverse pregnancy outcomes were significantly increased (

P
<
0.05

) in the RSA model group. After dydrogesterone or different doses of STW treatment, the embryo loss rate and adverse pregnancy outcomes were rescued to varying degrees (

P
<
0.05

). Interestingly, there was no significant difference among the groups in terms of serum P and CG (

P
<
0.05

). Moreover, the activities of key glycolytic enzymes, lactate, ATP, HK2, PKM2, LDHA, MCT4, GLUT1, GPR81 protein or mRNA expression, and morphological abnormalities of trophoblast cells improved significantly in the RSA mice after dydrogesterone or different doses of STW treatment (

P
<
0.05

). Conclusion. STW can promote aerobic glycolysis in trophoblast cells of RSA mouse embryos, thereby improving the microenvironment of the maternal-fetal interface and enhancing embryo implantation.
Optimal Decision‐Making in Chinese Cross‐Border Mergers and Acquisitions: A Perspective of Overbidding
Authors: Bao Yanping , Lyu Chan , Wu Xia , Lian Jun
Published: September 2022

Chinese domestic firms engage actively in the cross‐border merger and acquisition (CBMA) markets, which are crucial in China’s foreign investment economics. Acquisition premium has attracted stakeholders’ attention to determine whether the CBMA decision is optimal. This study employs a novel model to assess decision‐making efficiency by overbidding based on a profit maximization assumption. Based on the Chinese CBMA transaction data from 2009 to 2019 of Chinese acquiring firms, the descriptive analysis indicates the widespread overbidding phenomenon in Chinese CBMAs. Moreover, empirical findings reveal that SOEs (vs. non‐SOEs) experience less overbidding among acquiring firms. This study also shows that firms from the high‐tech industry tend to be less overbidding (more efficient) in the CBMAs’ setting. The findings may have policy implications for China’s outward investment efficiency.
The Metric Chromatic Number of Zero Divisor Graph of a Ring

Z

n
Authors: Mohammad Husam Qasem , Ibrahem Shaymaa Haleem. , Khaleel Luma Ahmed
Published: September 2022

Let

Γ

be a nontrivial connected graph,

c
:
V

Γ

⟶
ℕ

be a vertex colouring of

Γ

, and

L

i

be the colouring classes that resulted, where

i
=
1,2
,
…
,
k

. A metric colour code for a vertex a of a graph

Γ

is

c

a

=

d

a
,

L

1

,
d

a
,

L

2

,
…
,
d

a
,

L

n

, where

d

a
,

L
i

is the minimum distance between vertex

a

and vertex

b

in

L

i

. If

c

a

≠
c

b

, for any adjacent vertices

a

and

b

of

Γ

, then

c

is called a metric colouring of

Γ

as well as the smallest number

k

satisfies this definition which is said to be the metric chromatic number of a graph

Γ

and symbolized

μ

Γ

. In this work, we investigated a metric colouring of a graph

Γ

Z

n

and found the metric chromatic number of this graph, where

Γ

Z

n

is the zero-divisor graph of ring

Z

n

.
The Emergence of a Sustainable and Reliable Supply Chain Paradigm in Supply Chain Network Design
Authors: Amirian Sajad , Amiri Maghsoud , Taghavifard Mohammad Taghi
Published: September 2022

Shorter product life due to technology development and changing customer needs requires optimal supply chain management and structuring. Achieving this optimization brings productivity to the organization. A sustainable and reliable supply chain (S&RSC) as an emerging paradigm, with a comprehensive view, leads the supply chain network design (SCND) issue to the desired situation. This study, as part of an emerging theme, presents a systematic review and classification of 42 articles at the intersection of sustainability, reliability, and supply chain network design. In this regard, in a historical course, the four concepts of green supply chain, socially responsible supply chain, sustainable supply chain, and reliable supply chain in the form of four structures of history and definition, deriver and importance, substrate and practice, evaluation, and implementation are discussed. The result of the review shows that the articles that study the integration of sustainability and reliability in SCND are vibrant and rapidly growing in various industries. Developing countries and manufacturing companies with the largest number of articles have been the research fields of the studies. Most of the studies have considered the structure of the supply chain as a forward flow. The key contribution of this review is the development of a comprehensive framework of S&RSC from the conceptual point of view, elements, assessment tools, and its implementation context. The present review can serve as a guide for various stakeholders. In particular, practitioners and policymakers can effectively develop their own strategies and policies to advance the sustainable‐reliable program.
Glomerulonephritis and Interstitial Nephritis Originating from Vasculitis of the Interlobular Arteries of the Kidney in a Patient with Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis
Authors: Nawata Takashi , Shibuya Masaki , Takeshita Yukio , Kubo Makoto , Uesugi Noriko , Yano Masafumi
Published: September 2022

Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA) is a type of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis. Patients often present with peripheral neuropathy and purpura, suggesting impairment of small vessels, especially capillaries. However, medium-sized vessels and small vessels with a vascular diameter larger than that of capillaries may also be impaired, causing atypical findings. We report a case of EGPA treated with corticosteroids, cyclophosphamide, and mepolizumab. Renal biopsy revealed vasculitis of the interlobular arteries as the cause of glomerulonephritis and interstitial nephritis. This case suggests the importance of considering vessels upstream of capillaries dominant EGPA as a differential diagnosis in patients with eosinophilia.
An Automatic Error Detection Method for Engineering English Translation Based on the Deep Learning Model
Authors: Wang Rui
Published: September 2022

Accuracy of deep learning model translation is a key index to evaluate the application performance of engineering English translation. In this paper, an automatic error detection system for English translation is proposed. In the particular task of grammar detection, researchers have gradually shifted their attention from statistical methods to neural network methods. Three deep learning algorithm models are established, and the multitask performance of the model is better than that of the conditional random field model and the LSTM-CRF model. The reason is that the multitask learning model of auxiliary tasks is included to some extent, which solves the problem of data sparsity and enables the model to be fully trained even under the condition of uneven label distribution. Thus, it performs better than other models in the task of syntax error detection. It realizes the word spelling error check based on the dictionary and uses the thought of editing distance to prompt the word error found, which can automatically check a large number of translations. On the basis of analyzing the sentence structure characteristics of engineering English translation, this paper realizes the detection of subject-verb agreement errors and analyzes the main word of the subject corresponding to the predicate verb by constructing the syntactic structure tree of the sentence, so as to realize the judgment of subject-verb agreement errors.
Organoids in the Clinic: A Systematic Review of Outcomes
Authors: Hofmann Bjørn , Zinöcker Severin , Holm Søren , Lewis Jonathan , Kavouras Panagiotis
Published: September 2022

Research on organoids has undergone significant advances during the last decade. However, outcomes from the use of organoids in clinical trials have not yet been documented. Therefore, there is an urgent need to assess the reporting of clinically relevant outcomes from organoid research in the scientific literature. This article presents a systematic review and appraisal of the published literature in line with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, together with a synopsis of recent relevant reviews. Surprisingly, no randomized controlled trials have reported clinical outcomes with any types of organoids. We found very few ongoing and registered studies that may provide clinically relevant results within this decade. Our screening and interpretation of the literature, including review articles, indicate a focus on technical and preclinical aspects of organoid research. This is the first systematic review of clinical trials involving organoids. Few clinical studies are planned or already underway, and, so far, no high-quality evidence relating to the clinical outcomes of organoid research has been published. The many promises of organoid research still need to be translated from bench to bed.
KİŞİ BAŞINA DÜŞEN KARBONDİOKSİT EMİSYONUNUN (CO2) YAKINSAMASI: FOURIER PANEL DURAĞANLIK TESTİNDEN BULGULAR
Authors: KARDAŞLAR Ahmet
Published: September 2022

Son dönemlerde çevre kirliliği ve küresel ısınma (iklim değişikliği) sorunlarına yönelik olarak küresel ölçekte artan bir endişenin oluştuğu dikkat çekmektedir. Söz konusu sorunların temelinde ise ülkelerin ekonomik büyüme performanslarını arttırma çabaları doğrultusunda neden oldukları karbondioksit emisyonları yer almaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı ise küresel ölçekte en fazla karbon salınımına (yani çevre kirliliğine) neden olan 20 ülke için kişi başına düşen CO2 emisyonunun yakınsama özelliği gösterip göstermediğini araştırmaktır. Çalışma dönemi 1965-2020 yıllık gözlemleri kapsamaktadır. Analizler Li, Ranjbar ve Chang (2015) tarafından geliştirilen kırılmalı Fourier panel durağanlık testi ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Panelin geneli için elde edilen durağanlık bulguları, kişi başına düşen nispi CO2 emisyonunun durağanlığını ifade eden boş hipotezin reddedilemediğini ve dolayısıyla panelin durağan olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Öte yandan bireysel durağanlık test sonuçları ise 16 ülke (Almanya, Birleşik Krallık, Brezilya, Çin, Endonezya, Güney Afrika, İran, İtalya, Hindistan, Japonya, Kanada, Meksika, Polonya, Suudi Arabistan, Türkiye ve Vietnam) için kişi başına düşen nispi CO2 emisyonu serisinin durağan olduğuna ve bu ülkeler için yakınsama hipotezinin geçerli olduğuna işaret etmektedir. Diğer bir ifadeyle, söz konusu ülkelerde kişi başına düşen CO2 emisyonuna yönelik şoklar geçici bir özellik göstermektedir. Bu durum dünyada çevre kirliliğine en fazla neden olan ülkelerin, kişi başına düşen CO2 emisyonu parametreleri ile ilgili (gelecekte izleyeceği trende yönelik) tahminlerin yapılmasına imkan sağlamaktadır. Bununla birlikte yakınsamaya yönelik bulgular, Kyoto Protokolü çerçevesinde, ülkelerin emisyon azaltma yükümlülüklerini yerine getirebilmelerine ve beraberinde iklim politikalarına uyum gösterebilmelerine katkı sağlamaktadır.
TÜRKİYE’DE COVID-19 PANDEMİSİNİN KAMUSAL ve ÖZEL ALAN ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİLERİ
Authors: KILIÇ Eda , KILIÇ Esin
Published: September 2022

COVID-19, ekonomik sosyolojik ve psikolojik etkileri ile tüm dünyayı saran bir pandemi ortamı oluşturmuştur. Hükümetler tarafından yapılan yasal düzenlemelerle ekonomik etkiler hafifletilmeye çalışılsa da pandemi nedeniyle alınan tedbirler ve ortaya çıkan sağlık sorunları, bireylerin pandeminin olumsuz etkilerini derinden hissetmesine neden olmuştur. Bu çalışmada, Türkiye'de COVID-19 pandemisinin ortaya çıkardığı olumsuzlukların ve pandemi tedbirlerinin kamusal ve özel alan üzerindeki etkileri tespit edilmeye çalışılmıştır. 506 katılımcı ile gerçekleştirilen anket çalışmasının ki-kare analiz sonuçlarına göre, istihdam durumu, sektör, çalışma süresi ve sosyal güvenlik kurumuna kayıtlı olma gibi işgücü piyasasına ilişkin değişkenlerin katılımcıların pandeminin yarattığı ekonomik sıkıntılardan etkilenme düzeyi ve bu süreçte yasal düzenlemelerden yararlanma imkânı üzerinde etkileri bulunmaktadır. Çalışmanın bir diğer önemli bulgusu ise evden çalışma imkânına sahip ve 2/3’ü kadın olan katılımcıların, uzaktan eğitime geçiş ile ev içi iş yükünün de artmış olmasıdır.
COVID-19 Salgını Döneminde Sürdürülebilir Tüketim Davranışlarında Yaşanan Değişim
Authors: DURSUN İnci , GÖKMEN KÖKSAL Cansu , TÜMER KABADAYI Ebru
Published: September 2022

COVID-19 salgınıyla birlikte küresel ölçekte yaşanan sağlık krizinin ve salgın sürecinde alınan önlemlerin sürdürülebilir tüketim davranışları üzerindeki etkisi merak konusu olmuştur. Bu araştırmanın temel amacı ülkemizde COVID-19 salgınının sürdürülebilir tüketim davranışları üzerindeki etkisini incelemektir. Bu amaçla, 214 tüketiciden çevrim içi anket yöntemi ile veri toplanarak pandemi sürecinde literatürde sıklıkla çevreci etkileri incelenen davranışlarda nasıl bir değişim meydana geldiği araştırılmıştır. Araştırma bulguları, pandemi döneminde çevreci davranışlardan toplu taşıma kullanımının ve ikinci el ürün satın alımlarının düştüğünü; tek kullanımlık ürünlerin kullanımının arttığını göstermiştir. Bulgular pandemi döneminde çevre kirliliğine ilişkin kaygıların, çevreyi korumaya yönelik çabaların arttığını, geri dönüşüm gayretlerinin, elektrik, su ve ısı tasarrufunun, çevreci ürün satın alma eğilimlerinin olumlu yönde değiştiğini göstermiştir. Araştırmada ayrıca yaşanan bu değişimlerin pandemi boyunca hissedilen stresten; yaş, cinsiyet, eğitim seviyesi, gelir düzeyi gibi demografik faktörlerden nasıl etkilediği incelenmiştir. En belirgin bulgu pandeminin yaşattığı stresle birlikte çevre kirliğine dair kaygıların ve çevreyi koruma yönündeki çabaların da artmasıdır. Bulgular, yaşanan pandeminin belirli bir tüketici grubu için çevre sorunlarına yönelik farkındalığı artırdığı ve sürdürülebilir tüketimi motive ettiğini göstermektedir. Bu olumlu etkinin ne kadar kalıcı olacağı cevaplanmayı bekleyen diğer önemli sorudur.
The FAIR Data Point: Interfaces and Tooling
Authors: Benhamed Oussama Mohammed , Burger Kees , Kaliyaperumal Rajaram , da Silva Santos Luiz Olavo Bonino , Suchánek Marek , Slifka Jan , Wilkinson Mark D.
Published: September 2022

While the FAIR Principles do not specify a technical solution for ‘FAIRness’, it was clear from the outset of the FAIR initiative that it would be useful to have commodity software and tooling that would simplify the creation of FAIR-compliant resources. The FAIR Data Point is a metadata repository that follows the DCAT(2) schema, and utilizes the Linked Data Platform to manage the hierarchical metadata layers as LDP Containers. There has been a recent flurry of development activity around the FAIR Data Point that has significantly improved its power and ease-of-use. Here we describe five specific tools—an installer, a loader, two Web-based interfaces, and an indexer—aimed at maximizing the uptake and utility of the FAIR Data Point.
The Apostle of Failure: Queer Refusal, the Corinthian Letters, and Paul’s Unflattering Characterization in the Acts of Thecla
Authors: Daniel-Hughes Carly
Published: September 2022

This article examines the Acts of Thecla’s unflattering presentation of the character Paul, as part of the reception of Paul’s Corinthian letters into the second century. Informed by feminist and queer biblical interpretations of the Corinthian exchange, it shows how the Acts of Thecla picks up on tensions over authority with Paul’s teachings on baptism, eschatology, and sexual renunciation in its portrait of Paul. Engaging Jack Halberstam’s The Queer Art of Failure, the article suggests that the Acts of Thecla reads Paul’s letters this way in service of the social critique and queer antagonism that it holds up for its second and third century readers. Where Halberstam claims “queer failure” as resistance to capitalist profit, reproductive futurity, and neoliberal notions of success today, here Thecla’s story is read as a narrative of refusal in its own time. Paul’s muddled encounters with Thecla, steeped in the Corinthian exchange, it concludes, are central to this ancient tale about being, and improbably surviving, outside and at the edges of imperial, civic, and familial frames.
Learning With Donkeys – A “More-Than-Human” Approach to Animal-Assisted Activities
Authors: Clancy Cara , Cooke Fiona , Gorman Richard
Published: September 2022

The last twenty years have seen increased interest in animal-assisted therapy (AAT) and animal-assisted activity (AAA). However, there has been little research exploring these interactions as experienced by the animals themselves. In this paper, we bring a “more-than-human” lens to concepts and practices within AAA/T, synthesizing ideas about animal sentience and subjectivity that have emerged within animal geography scholarship and animal welfare science. We draw from empirical work with practitioners involved in donkey-facilitated learning (DFL) to examine the knowledge base of equine facilitators, including their beliefs, opinions, and assumptions about donkeys, their understanding of animal welfare, and their role in DFL. We discuss how knowledge of donkeys is mobilized to ensure more-than-human welfare during DFL; how animals’ “choice” to participate is encouraged and centered; how ideas of nonhuman labor create opportunities for considering more-than-human welfare; and how practitioners advocate for animals and embed practices of care for humans and nonhumans.
Susceptibility and host potential of six cucurbit crops to Meloidogyne enterolobii, M. floridensis, M. hapla, M. incognita and M. javanica
Authors: Bui Hung X. , Desaeger Johan A.
Published: September 2022

Cucurbits are economically important crops and very susceptible to root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.; RKN) in Florida. A series of glasshouse and field trials were conducted to evaluate the susceptibility and host potential of different cucurbit crops to different RKN species. We tested the sensitivity of six cucurbit crops (squash, cucumber, cantaloupe, watermelon, smooth and angled luffa) that are commonly grown in Florida to some of the major RKN species, Meloidogyne enterolobii, M. floridensis, M. hapla, M. incognita and M. javanica under glasshouse conditions. In addition, cucumber, squash and zucchini were also tested in two field trials. Meloidogyne incognita was more damaging to all six tested cucurbit crops than M. javanica and M. floridensis in terms of gall index, eggs (root system)−1, eggs (g root)−1 and reproduction factor. In another experiment, the same cucurbit crops suffered greater damage and allowed higher reproduction of M. enterolobii as compared to M. javanica. Meloidogyne hapla caused little damage to all six cucurbit crops and had low reproduction rates, with highest root gall ratings and reproduction for cucumber and cantaloupe, and lowest for watermelon and squash. Meloidogyne enterolobii, M. floridensis, M. incognita and M. javanica caused higher root gall ratings on cucumber and watermelon than on squash, cantaloupe and luffa. This was also noted in the field trials, where cucumber had consistently higher gall indices than squash and zucchini. Root-knot nematode reproduction rates were the highest on squash and cucumber, especially with M. incognita and M. enterolobii. While all cucurbits were good hosts for all tested RKN species, significant differences were noted among cucurbit crops and RKN species.
Huygens’s Carriole
Authors: Gauvin Jean-François
Published: September 2022

Christiaan Huygens spent five years (between 1663 and 1668) deeply involved in carriage design and manufacturing. This method of transportation, essential to living a honest bourgeois life in European cities, especially in Paris, where the streets’ muck was glorious, took many forms and concerned more than specialized artisans. Several members of Huygens’s family took an interest in improving this technology. The article, in detailing Huygens’s commitment to a distinct type of urban commodity, seeks to exemplify the savant’s early method of creating new technical knowledge. Questions were raised from theoretical and craft perspectives; securing patents and authorship became a crucial feature of knowledge making. From such concerns regarding a fast-evolving and transformative urban commodity, the article argues that Huygens’s approach to carriage design is another instance that conditioned him to respond effectively to the several priority disputes he would face during his lifetime regarding other technological devices, especially his balance-spring watch.
The UN General Assembly as a Security Actor: Appraising the Investigative Mechanism for Syria
Authors: Pues Anni
Published: September 2022

This article analyses the role of the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) as a security actor. With the creation of the ‘International, Impartial and Independent Mechanism to Assist in the Investigation and Prosecution of Persons Responsible for the Most Serious Crimes under International Law Committed in the Syrian Arab Republic since March 2011’ (IIIM), through UNGA Resolution 71/ 2481 in 2016, the General Assembly creatively used its powers to strengthen international criminal justice. Although investigative or fact-finding missions itself are nothing new to the UN system, Resolution 71/ 248 is qualitatively different to any other mission before it. The IIIM was established without Syrian consent, which is a historic first for the General Assembly. It is also the first time that such a body is tasked with investigations that fulfil prosecution standards, that serves as an evidence repository as well as a connecting hub between different justice actors. The UN General Assembly filled a void where the UN Security Council found itself in a stalemate over Syria. The IIIM has since served as a blueprint for a new generation of investigative mechanisms that emerged in the UN system. Looking beyond the appraisal of the IIIM, the article argues that the UN General Assembly practice in maintaining peace and security has significantly evolved over time. The early UN General Assembly practice through Uniting for Peace allowed it to assert its proactive role in parallel to the Security Council, yet it failed in its claim of authority to recommend forceful, collective measures. The practice subsequently evolved towards the diverse use of non-forceful measures, of which the IIIM provides a recent example. Creative boundary pushing in the UNGA through non-forcible measures will hopefully contribute to peace and security beyond war.
Middle Point, End of the Road or Just the Beginning? Anticorruption Efforts, Failures and Promises at the United Nations
Authors: Villarino José-Miguel Bello y
Published: September 2022

Although first noted discussions at the United Nations (UN) level about corruption are reaching their 50th anniversary, the core of the UN activity against corruption has taken place in the last quarter of a century. The 2021 special debate at the UN General Assembly was an opportunity for the institution to pause and reflect about its role over this period in the international fight against corruption. It also presented a (partially missed) opportunity for the UN to renew its commitment and reconsider its approach for the next 25 years. This article provides first an overview of the UN activity against corruption, which relies on two main pillars. On the one hand, the well-known United Nations Convention Against Corruption (UNCAC) in force since 2005, which has received remarkable academic attention and is an example of success in terms of ratifications. On the other hand, the insertion in Sustainable Development Goal 16 of an anticorruption objective (16.5) and its related indicators, which is not as widely acknowledged by anticorruption activists and scholars but serves as a recognition of the importance of tackling corruption in the development context.

The article offers a historical contextualisation of both initiatives, analyses this dual approach and explores the impact of these initiatives in the global and domestic contexts. Based on previous research from the author, it highlights their joint value as a true global statement against corruption and an authoritative recognition of its damaging effects and their importance for peace, security, development, human rights and human wellbeing. The article presents, nevertheless, a critical analysis showing their shortcomings and the lack of a real effect of these instruments in overcoming or at least reducing corruption and kleptocracy at the international level. It proposes three different avenues within the UN mandate and fields of action that could guide newer initiatives. First, it explores the possibility of individual (non-criminal) ‘smart’ sanctions, modelled on the counter-terrorism regime driven by national governments, but assisted by United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC). Second, the article considers how the economic and trade dimension of the UN, especially at the regional economic commissions level, could be reinvigorated with a mandate to tackle corruption through economic instruments. Third, it analyses how an optional protocol to the UNCAC could give more ‘teeth’ to the Convention. The general conclusion is that the UN, within its existing powers, has significant potential to take anticorruption initiatives a step further as the current ones have almost exhausted their shelf life.
The UN Sustainable Development Agenda and Rule of Law: Global Governance Failures Require Democratic and Judicial Restraints
Authors: Petersmann Ernst-Ulrich
Published: September 2022

The 2030 United Nations (UN) Sustainable Development Agenda defines its 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDG S) in terms of human rights and multilevel governance of related public goods. The global health pandemics, environmental crises, and geopolitical trade wars reveal governance failures and related ‘constitutional failures’ to protect human and constitutional rights effectively by democratic legislation, administrative and judicial remedies of citizens, and transnational rule of law. The SDG S require stronger, multilevel legal restraints on ‘market failures’ (like environmental pollution), ‘governance failures’ (like insufficient remedies against abuses of executive powers) and ‘constitutional failures’ (like neglect for transnational rule of law and the ‘Anthropocene’). Democratic legislation and citizen-driven, administrative, and judicial remedies must strengthen accountability of governments for decarbonizing economies and protecting human rights (e.g., environmental and public health protection). Worldwide protection of the SDG S requires reforming multilevel governance beyond Europe’s multilevel constitutionalism in order to prevent policy conflicts through transnational rule of law and ‘constitutional embedding’ of UN/World Trade Organization (WTO) governance.
Race, Human Rights and the Global South at the First Session of the UN General Assembly
Authors: Schabas William
Published: September 2022

Histories of the early development of human rights within the United Nations emphasise standard-setting, largely the work of Western intellectuals. Examination of the first session of the General Assembly, in 1946, shows that it was countries of the Global South that pushed the human rights agenda, principally with regard to issues concerning racial discrimination. Three resolutions are featured, dealing with South Africa’s racist treatment of the Indian minority, discrimination and prejudice more generally, and recognition of the crime of genocide. Western countries had been confident that the domestic jurisdiction clause in the Charter of the United Nations would insulate them from examination of their own records. India successfully led the battle to limit the role of this clause. The first human rights petitions were presented to the United Nations, an initiative of African-American organisations directed against Jim Crow and lynching in the United States.
On the History of the Princeton University Library Collection of Islamic Manuscripts
Authors: Davidson Garrett
Published: September 2022

Princeton University’s collection of Islamic manuscripts is by far the largest collection of its kind in the Western hemisphere and one of the most valuable collections in the world. It consists of some 13,500 manuscripts with diverse origins in public and private libraries from the Western to the Eastern Islamic lands. The collection is not only notable for its size and diversity, but also its quality, containing a large number of autograph and otherwise unique manuscripts. Despite its importance, its histories and provenances have not been the subject of an in-depth study. This paper begins to fill this lacuna. Drawing on a number of previously unstudied archival and documentary sources, including personal correspondence and paratextual manuscript notes, the article traces the development of the sub-collections, studies the collectors who built them, their methods and sources, and tells the stories of their collections’ journeys to Princeton.
Adaptive control of a class of time-varying nonlinear systems via immersion and invariance
Authors: Liang Xu , Su Tingting , Liu Shengda , He Guangping
Published: September 2022

This paper addresses the adaptive control of a class of time-varying nonlinear systems. Under the framework of Immersion and Invariance (I&I) adaptive control, a set of sufficient conditions is obtained to stabilize the concerned time-varying nonlinear systems. It is shown that the presented controller can also be utilized to complete tracking control for a class of nonholonomic constraint systems if the desired trajectories satisfy certain conditions. The effectiveness of the new adaptive controller is demonstrated by some numerical simulations on a nonholonomic mobile robot.