bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A knowledge capturing and sharing framework for improving the testing processes in global product development using storytelling and video sharing
Authors: Zammit Joseph , Gao James , Evans Richard , Maropoulos Paul
Published: February 2017

In today’s global marketplace, employee knowledge is seen as a crucial asset for organisations, which enables them to gain a sustainable competitive edge over competitors. Much of the knowledge generated during new product development and testing can be categorised as tacit, developed from employees’ personal experiences and perceptions during product development projects; this makes it more difficult to capture and document for future sharing and reuse. The advent of social media in the last decade has changed the way many employees and global organisations communicate and interact with one another, providing a medium for knowledge to be transferred across the World Wide Web in a less formal manner. This research explores whether storytelling and video sharing functionality, embedded into a corporate social media site, is capable of facilitating the capture and sharing of employee knowledge during the product development cycle, providing user feedback on the developed knowledge capture and sharing methodology. It also presents a knowledge framework that is directly driven by the knowledge user, providing both knowledge direction and content.
Adaptation of oil refineries to make modern fuels
Authors: Gudde Nicholas J
Published: February 2017

The drive to improve efficiency and to reduce emissions (including greenhouse gases) from internal-combustion engines has significant ramifications for fuel properties. Deployment of improved engines is aided by the wide availability of well-defined fuels, sometimes with more stringent specification of properties such as the sulphur content and the vaporisation and combustion characteristics (e.g. the octane rating). Fuel regulation has also led to the inclusion of low-carbon fuel components such as ethanol and biodiesel in mainstream road fuels. These trends will probably continue over the next few decades, and so it is important to understand their implications for commercial-scale fuel production and distribution. This paper provides a technical explanation of the linkages between the properties of commercial-scale fuels, the technologies used to make them and the ‘landscape’ of the fuels industry (e.g. the distribution systems and the interlinked markets for non-fuel products and energy). Industrially relevant examples are used to explain how the refining industry has adapted, and is still adapting, to the changes in the sulphur and volatility specifications, the mandated biocontent and the changes in engine technology. This paper is not intended to make a case for any specific type of fuel but does aim to explain the principles by which refined fuels can be adapted to meet future specifications or to work in conjunction with alternative fuel components. It covers current issues such as the lower sulphur content, the increased biocontent and the emerging theme of higher-octane-number gasoline as a route to a higher engine efficiency.
UHRF1: The key regulator of epigenetics and molecular target for cancer therapeutics
Authors: Sidhu Harsimran , Capalash Neena
Published: February 2017

UHRF1 is a master regulator of epigenome as it coordinates DNA methylation and histone modifications. Compelling evidence suggests a strong link between UHRF1 overexpression and tumorigenesis, substantiating its ability to act as a potential biomarker for cancer diagnosis and prognosis. UHRF1 also mediates repair of damaged DNA that makes cancer cells resistant toward cytocidal drugs. Hence, understanding the molecular mechanism of UHRF1 regulation would help in developing cancer therapeutics. Natural compounds have shown applicability to downregulate UHRF1 leading to growth arrest and apoptosis in cancer cells.
Chemopreventive effect of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and atorvastatin in rats with bladder cancer
Authors: El-Ashmawy Nahla E , Khedr Eman G , El-Bahrawy Hoda A , Al-Tantawy Samar M
Published: February 2017

Bladder cancer remains a huge concern for the medical community because of its incidence and prevalence rates, as well as high percentage of recurrence and progression. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and atorvastatin proved anti-inflammatory effects through peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma mechanism. However, their chemopreventive effect still remained to be examined and clarified. In this study, bladder cancer was induced in rats by the chemical carcinogen N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid: 2:3 w/w; 1200 mg/kg) and/or atorvastatin (6 mg/kg) were given orally daily to rats for eight consecutive weeks concomitantly with N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine and continued for further 4 weeks after cessation of N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine administration. The histopathological examination of rat bladder revealed the presence of tumors and the absence of apoptotic bodies in sections from N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine group, while tumors were absent and apoptotic bodies were clearly observed in sections from rat groups treated with omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, atorvastatin, or both drugs. The study of the molecular mechanisms illustrated downregulation of COX-2 and P53 (mutant) genes and suppression of transforming growth factor beta-1 and the lipid peroxidation product malondialdehyde in serum of rats of the three treated groups. This chemopreventive effect was confirmed by and associated with lower level of bladder tumor antigen in urine. However, the combined treatment with both drugs exhibited the major protective effect and nearly corrected the dyslipidemia that has been induced by N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine. Collectively, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and atorvastatin, besides having anti-inflammatory properties, proved a chemopreventive effect against bladder cancer, which nominates them to be used as adjuvant therapy with other chemotherapeutics.
The significance of Trk receptors in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Johnson Matthew D , Stone Brandon , Thibodeau Bryan J , Baschnagel Andrew M , Galoforo Sandra , Fortier Laura E , Ketelsen Billie , Ahmed Samreen , Kelley Zakiya , Hana Alaa , Wilson Thomas G , Robertson John M , Jury Robert P , Wilson George D
Published: February 2017

This study investigated the Trk receptor family as a therapeutic target in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and assessed their prognostic significance. Global gene expression analysis was investigated in prospectively collected pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas that had either undergone neoadjuvant chemoradiation or were treated by surgery. PANC-1 and MIA-PaCa-2 cell lines were investigated to establish whether fractionated radiation altered expression of four neuroendocrine genes and whether this resulted in subsequent changes in radiosensitivity. A specific inhibitor of TrkA, B, and C, AstraZeneca 1332, was investigated in vitro and in vivo in combination with radiation. A tissue microarray was constructed from 77 pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma patients who had undergone neoadjuvant chemoradiation and the Trk receptor, and neurogenic differentiation 1 expression was assessed and correlated with overall survival. A total of 99 genes were identified that were differentially expressed in the chemoradiation patients with neuroendocrine genes and pathways, in particular the neurogenic differentiation 1 and Trk receptor family, being prominent. Fractionated radiation upregulated the expression of neuroendocrine genes, and AstraZeneca 1332 treatment in vitro enhanced radiosensitivity. No added effect of AstraZeneca 1332 was observed in vivo. Trk receptor expression varied between isoforms but did not correlate significantly with clinical outcome. Radiation treatment upregulated neuroendocrine gene expression but the Trk receptor family does not appear to be a promising treatment target.
Measurement Validation of the Jamaican Macho Scale Among African American Males
Authors: Ramkissoon Marina W. , Anderson Patricia , Hopwood Junior
Published: February 2017

Measures of masculinities have expanded in recent decades to reflect greater diversity. A comparative reading of the literature suggests that African American men may endorse the same macho ideology shared by Afro-Jamaican men, which is captured by the Jamaican Macho Scale. The current article examines whether the Macho Scale is relevant to explaining masculinity among African American males using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis techniques. A sample of 203 African American male college students from a large university in the Eastern United States participated in a self-administered survey, which included the Macho Scale items. Results supported a two-factor model of macho ideology, specifically sexual dominance and virility, and procreative need, in the American context. Future research should examine understudied masculinity ideology constructs in the American setting and attempt to map the full content domain of African American masculinity ideologies.
Jejunal Occlusion Caused by Heterotopic Gastric and Duodenal Mucosa: A Late Complication of a Complex Intestinal Malformation
Authors: Seyde Olivia , Puppa Giacomo , Morel Philippe , Wildhaber Barbara E. , Rougemont Anne-Laure
Published: February 2017

We report a rare case of late complication of a complex intestinal malformation. At day 1 of life, a baby girl underwent resection of an atretic jejunal segment, associated with an enteric duplication harboring foci of gastric and duodenal heterotopia. After an asymptomatic period of 19 years, the patient presented with acute bowel obstruction. Recurrence of the jejunal occlusion at the previous anastomotic site was caused by mucosa hyperplasia in association with heterotopic gastric and duodenal tissue. A Wnt/β-catenin pathway deregulation was hypothesized but not confirmed by CTNNB1 exon 3 mutation analysis. This case illustrates a rare association of 3 pathologies—namely, intestinal atresia, enteric duplication, and heterotopia, with a late-occurring acute complication.
Cognitive Impairment, Dementia, and Personality Stability Among Older Adults
Authors: Terracciano Antonio , Stephan Yannick , Luchetti Martina , Sutin Angelina R.
Published: February 2017

There is contrasting evidence on personality stability in advanced age, and limited knowledge on the impact of cognitive impairment and dementia on trait stability. Group- and individual-level longitudinal analyses of the five major dimensions of personality assessed twice over 4 years ( N = 9,935) suggest that rank-order stability was progressively lower with advancing age (from rtt = 0.68 for age 50 to 60 years to rtt = 0.58 for age >80 years). Stability was low in the dementia group ( rtt = 0.43), and this was not simply due to lower reliability given that internal consistency remained adequate in the dementia group. Among individuals with no cognitive impairment or dementia, there was no association between stability and age ( rtt = 0.70 even for age >80 years). These results suggest that the lower personality stability in older adults is not due to age but cognitive impairment and dementia.
Ebola in the Public Sphere
Authors: Mondragon Nahia Idoiaga , Gil de Montes Lorena , Valencia Jose
Published: February 2017

This study examines how Ebola is transformed from purely scientific knowledge to public’s thinking through media communication, using Spain as a case study. To do so, this research carried out a lexical analysis in both classic media communication and social network communication (Twitter). The results showed that traditional news used a reified discourse pattern prescribing the discourse of scientists and authorities. Tweets, in contrast, adhered to a consensual pattern of discourse, characterized by heterogeneity of representation and intensive symbolic ideas. The implications of this familiarization of knowledge about science via media communication and the effect of social networks on how we should face future epidemics are considered.
Identification of Cost-Saving Opportunities for the Use of Antithrombin III in Adult and Pediatric Patients
Authors: Ciolek Alana , Lindsley John , Crow Jessica , Nelson-McMillan Kristen , Procaccini David
Published: February 2017

Thrombate III is a human plasma-derived antithrombin III (AT-III) often utilized in patients on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) with suspected AT-III-mediated heparin resistance. It is supplied as 500-U and 1000-U vials, costing US$4.66 per unit. Literature is limited in describing the clinical value of AT-III in relation to its high cost. The primary objective was to determine conditions of use and associated cost of potentially unnecessary utilization of AT-III at The Johns Hopkins Hospital. Secondary objectives included evaluating the effect of AT-III on anticoagulation parameters and the overall cost utilized and wasted on AT-III. A retrospective cohort study was performed. The primary end point was the total cost associated with potentially unnecessary utilization of AT-III. There were 326 doses of AT-III administered to 65 patients in 2014. There were 177 (54%) potentially unnecessary doses associated with a cost of US$541 634. Antithrombin III repletion significantly increased median AT-III levels in non-ECMO and ECMO patients compared to baseline (non-ECMO: 62% vs 81%, P < .01; ECMO: 63% vs 81%, P < .01); however, 37.3% of ECMO and 49% of non-ECMO patients had therapeutic anticoagulation monitoring parameters prior to administration. A total cost of US$688 478 was spent on administered AT-III and US$417 194 (38%) was wasted. Utilizing restriction criteria and a new dosing strategy potentially results in estimated annual savings of US$556 000. Utilizing restriction criteria and alternative dosing strategies to mitigate waste and unnecessary use has the potential to result in significant cost savings.
Nonlinear vibration control of a horizontally supported Jeffcott-rotor system
Authors: Eissa M , Saeed NA
Published: February 2017

A positive position feedback (PPF) controller is proposed to control the nonlinear vibrations of a horizontally supported Jeffcott-rotor system. A nonlinear restoring force and the rotor weight are considered in the system model. The controller is coupled to the system with 1:1 internal resonance. A second order approximate solution to the system governing equations is constructed by applying the multiple scales perturbation technique (MSPT). The bifurcation analyses of the Jeffcott-rotor system before and after control are conducted. The effects of the different controller parameters on the system frequency–response curves are investigated. Optimum working conditions of the controlled system are extracted to be used in the design of such systems. Numerical simulations demonstrated a good agreement with the approximate results that obtained by MSPT. A comparison is provided with already published work.
Drivers of Intimate Partner Violence Against Women in Three Refugee Camps
Authors: Wachter Karin , Horn Rebecca , Friis Elsa , Falb Kathryn , Ward Leora , Apio Christine , Wanjiku Sophia , Puffer Eve
Published: February 2017

This qualitative study examined the “drivers” of intimate partner violence (IPV) against women in displacement to identify protective factors and patterns of risk. Qualitative data were collected in three refugee camps in South Sudan, Kenya, and Iraq ( N = 284). Findings revealed interrelated factors that triggered and perpetuated IPV: gendered social norms and roles, destabilization of gender norms and roles, men’s substance use, women’s separation from family, and rapid remarriages and forced marriages. These factors paint a picture of individual, family, community and societal processes that exacerbate women’s risk of IPV in extreme conditions created by displacement. Implications for policy and practice are indicated.
Effect of treatment dose reductions in the setting of hand-foot syndrome on survival outcomes in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma treated with vascular endothelial growth factor receptor inhibitors
Authors: Bailey Erin B , Merriman Joseph , Maughan Benjamin , Poole Austin , Tantravahi Srinivas K , Agarwal Archana M , Batten Julia A , Patel Shiven B , Pal Sumanta K , Stenehjem David D , Agarwal Neeraj
Published: February 2017

Purpose

Hand-foot syndrome is a common dose limiting toxicity of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors used for treatment of patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. The effect of treatment dose reductions, in the context of hand-foot syndrome, on survival outcomes is reported.

Methods

This was a retrospective case series of patients receiving vascular endothelial growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors from 1 January 2004 to 31 October 2013. The main outcomes were progression-free and overall survival in these patients experiencing hand-foot syndrome and undergoing treatment dose reductions. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted utilizing Kaplan-Meier method and COX Proportional Hazard model with landmark analyses at 2 months.

Results

Of the 120 patients evaluated, treatment dose reductions for any reason were required in 68 (56.7%) patients. The most common reasons for treatment dose reductions were mucositis, hand-foot syndrome, and fatigue. The median progression-free survival and overall survival were significantly longer in patients with hand-foot syndrome with or without treatment dose reductions as compared to those without hand-foot syndrome.

Conclusions

An improvement in survival outcomes was observed in metastatic renal cell carcinoma patients with treatment-associated hand-foot syndrome despite treatment dose reductions. These data need validation in a larger cohort to confirm the hypothesis that treatment dose reductions in the setting of hand-foot syndrome do not negatively impatient survival.
Optimization of high-dose busulfan dosing in bone marrow transplant patients
Authors: Partyka James S. , Tate Cheryl
Published: February 2017

Objective. To review the pharmacokinetics profile of (HD-BU) high-dose busulfan, review published phar macodynamic relationships of high-dose busulfan and discuss clinical considerations of monitoring patients receiving high-dose busulfan.

Data Sources. A MEDLINE search of articles published from 1985 to 1996 and a Cancerlit search of articles published from 1988 to 1996, using the Mesh headings "Busulfan (subheading: pharmacokinetics)," "Bone Marrow Transplantation" and "Hepatic Veno occlusive Disease."

Study Selection. All human trials evaluating the pharmacokinetic profile and the pharmacodynamic relationships of high-dose busulfan in bone marrow transplant patients.

Data Synthesis. Busulfan disposition has been extensively studied in both children and adults receiv ing high doses followed by stem cell rescue. Sample sizes ranged from 7 to 28 patients, with patients ranging from 0.3 to 60 years of age. Busulfan total doses ranged from 14 mg/kg to 640 mg/m2. A large interpatient variability has been reported in busulfan pharmacokinetics parameters for both children and adults. In adults, the maximum concentration (Cmax) achieved after the first oral dose of HD-BU ranged from 249 to 1512 ng/mL, the apparent volume of distribution (Vd) ranged from 0.56 to 0.66 L/kg, the total plasma clearance (CL) of busulfan ranged from 2.49 to 3.26 mL/min/kg, and the area under the time versus concentration curve (AUC) ranged from 103 to 21,120 ng h/mL. In children, the Cmax ranged from 577 to 1258 ng/mL, the Vd ranged from 0.74 to 1.42 L/kg, the CL of busulfan ranged from 3.26 to 8.91 mL/min/kg, and the AUC ranged from 309 to 13,129 ng h/mL. Several investigators have reported in creased busulfan CL, larger Vd and lower Cmax in children as compared to adults. In addition, children have lower AUCs as compared with adults when administered a fixed busulfan dose based on body weight. Lower busulfan AUCs in children appear to be the result of an increased systemic clearance and a larger volume of distribution as compared to adults. In adults, HD-BU systemic exposure have been corre lated to efficacy and toxicity in some studies; no prospective studies in children have established a clear role for routinely monitoring busulfan concen trations.

Conclusions. Although routine monitoring with dosage adjustment of busulfan is probably warranted in some patients with extremely high or low busulfan plasma concentrations, clinical studies should con tinue to further define a therapeutic range for HD-BU.
Recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) in the management of anemia and fatigue associated with hematologic malignancies and the myelodysplastic syndromes
Authors: Davidson Terri G
Published: February 2017

Anemia is a common complication in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia, non- Hodgkin's lymphoma, multiple myeloma, and the myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). Al though an inappropriately low serum erythro poietin level often correlates with anemia in these malignancies, this is not always the case. Nevertheless, recombinant human erythropoie tin (rhEPO) has been studied in various hemato logic malignancies and in MDS to correct the anemia and avoid the use of red blood cell transfusions. Clinical benefit has been demon strated in most hematologic malignancies or disorders; however, patients with refractory anemia with ringed sideroblasts, a subset of MDS, are resistant to rhEPO therapy. Interest ingly, the combined use of rhEPO and granulo cyte colony-stimulating factor appears to en hance the response in this subset of patients. Most studies did not include extensive phar macoeconomic or quality of life analyses. Thus, it will be important to define more clearly the lowest effective dose and to identify patients with a high probability of response.
Management of feline tibial diaphyseal fractures using orthogonal plates performed via minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis
Authors: Craig Andrew , Witte Philip G , Moody Tristram , Harris Karen , Scott Harry W
Published: February 2017

Objectives

The objective was to assess the medium- and long-term outcomes (radiographic and owner questionnaire) of feline tibial diaphyseal fractures with orthogonal plate fixation via a minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis (MIPO) approach.

Methods

Medical records and radiographs of cats that had tibial diaphyseal fractures stabilised with orthogonal plates were obtained (2012–2016). Immediate postoperative radiographs were reviewed to assess the construct configuration and follow-up radiographs (where available) were used to assess bone healing and implant-related complications. An owner-completed questionnaire (feline musculoskeletal pain index [FMPI]) was used at a minimum of 6 months following surgery to assess the cats’ ability to perform normal activities.

Results

Eight feline tibial diaphyseal fractures met the inclusion criteria. One major complication was observed, most likely due to an operative technical error. There were no further complications following revision surgery. Six of the eight cases that had radiographic follow-up either had clinical bone union or showed evidence of bone healing. All cases were classified as successful according to FMPI.

Conclusions and relevance

Orthogonal plating of feline tibial diaphyseal fractures via an MIPO approach resulted in successful outcomes and a lower complication rate compared with previously reported techniques.
Website stories in times of distress
Authors: Kassinis George , Panayiotou Alexia
Published: February 2017

Highlighting the uniqueness of websites as a specific form of interactive and visual communication tool, we explore how corporate websites aid storytelling in times of distress. Using the corporate website of BP as our empirical context, we analyze the visual story that unfolded before and after the 2010 Deepwater Horizon disaster though a visual semiotic method, and argue that the changes in the story potentially mitigated the impact of the environmental catastrophe after the spill. We propose that our website analysis of a case of serious corporate misdoing, where a company’s stated and actual environmental practices were in dissonance, provides an insight to the construction of the ‘liquid organization,’ as well as to what Bauman calls ‘liquid power’ or ‘the art of escape from all forms of social responsibility.’ As such, we believe that mobilizing website study in management practice and education can provide a better understanding of ‘corporate hypocrisy’ in a liquid, modern world, as well as enable stakeholders’ responsibility and power to hold organizations accountable for their misdoings.
Physical activity is associated with a decreased multiple sclerosis risk: The EnvIMS study
Authors: Wesnes Kristin , Myhr Kjell-Morten , Riise Trond , Cortese Marianna , Pugliatti Maura , Boström Inger , Landtblom Anne-Marie , Wolfson Christina , Bjørnevik Kjetil
Published: February 2017

Background:

The lifestyle factors smoking and obesity have been associated with the risk of multiple sclerosis (MS). Physical activity (PA) may also be of importance.

Objective:

To examine the association between PA and MS risk in Italy, Norway, and Sweden and to evaluate the possible influence by established risk factors.

Methods:

In this case–control study, 1904 cases and 3694 controls were asked to report their average weekly amounts of light and vigorous PA during adolescence on a scale ranging from none to more than 3 hours activity. We used logistic regression to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and adjusted for potential confounders.

Results:

Vigorous PA was inversely associated with MS risk in the pooled analysis ( p-trend < 0.001) with an age- and sex-adjusted OR of 0.74 (95% CI: 0.63–0.87) when comparing the highest and lowest levels. Adjusting for outdoor activity, infectious mononucleosis, body size, and smoking yielded similar results. The association was present in all countries and was not affected by exclusion of patients with early disease onset. Light PA was not associated with the risk of MS.

Conclusion:

Our findings suggest that vigorous PA can modify the risk of developing MS independent of established risk factors.
What explains variation in parties’ climate change salience?
Authors: Farstad Fay M
Published: February 2017

The article explains the variation of climate change salience in party manifestos, examining the effects of party characteristics. Creating a novel measure of parties’ climate change salience based on Comparative Manifesto Project data, the article finds that parties have broadly not made climate change a salient issue, though significant differences remain. Left–right ideology significantly helps explain these differences and is more important than any other party characteristic in explaining the variation. This underlines the importance of ideology over economic and policy preferences, size and strategic incentives and incumbency constraints and points towards the partisan (as opposed to the valence) nature of the climate change issue. These results contrast to those of an identical analysis of environmental salience where ideology is found to have no effect, underlining how the two issues should be treated differently and lending further support to the argument that climate change is not a valence issue.
The problem of stigmatizing expressions
Authors: Quinn Paul
Published: February 2017

Acts of discrimination are stigmatizing. Preventing discrimination is therefore important in reducing the stigmatization of vulnerable minority groups. Anti-discrimination approaches are particularly useful in preventing certain acts of discrimination against certain categories of individuals. Some anti-discrimination approaches may however have difficulty in engaging stigmatizing expressions made against various groups. This may be particularly true where such approaches are focused on the existence of ‘treatment’, which, as the author discusses in this article, involved the imposition of binding changes on individuals. This includes expressions that may be stigmatizing and, while not imposing binding changes upon individuals, are in reality capable of inflicting psychological pressures, inducing potential effects that can be felt at the group and societal level. In making this point, his article compares the general anti-discrimination approach developed under Article 14 of the European Convention on Human Rights and the more specialized approach adopted by the European Union in a number of its anti-discrimination directives. As this article demonstrates, the latter type of approaches may offer more possibilities for engaging purely expressive activity that may be stigmatizing, but only in extremely limited contexts. The author of this article argues that this is largely because such approaches are less focused on the concept of ‘treatment’.
Celebrity-endorsed e-cigarette brand Instagram advertisements: Effects on young adults’ attitudes towards e-cigarettes and smoking intentions
Authors: Phua Joe , Jin Seunga Venus , Hahm Jung Min
Published: February 2017

Celebrities endorsing e-cigarette brands on social media may exert a strong influence on e-cigarette uptake. Using a between-subject experiment, this study examines the effects of endorser type (celebrities, non-celebrities and products only) in e-cigarette brand Instagram advertisements on e-cigarette attitudes and smoking intentions. Results showed that celebrity endorsers significantly increased positive attitudes towards e-cigarettes and smoking intentions, compared to non-celebrities or products only. Celebrity endorsers also rated significantly higher on trustworthiness, expertise, goodwill and attractiveness, compared to non-celebrities. Additionally, identification, social comparison, health consciousness and social networking site use moderated between endorser type and key dependent measures. Implications for e-cigarette marketing regulation are discussed.
The public doesn’t miss the public. Views from the people: Why news by the people?
Authors: Karlsson Michael , Clerwall Christer , Nord Lars
Published: February 2017

One of the main debates within journalism research during the last decade has been the role of citizens as contributors or, conversely, as threats to the practice of journalism. While participation has been explored from many different theoretical, empirical, and methodological perspectives, one perspective remains noticeably underexplored – the perspective of the citizens themselves. Using social contract theory as a backdrop, this study draws on a representative survey ( N = 2091) and focus groups ( N = 82) in Sweden. The results show that although citizens do not bring up participation as an important element of journalism, they become more skeptical the more participation affects journalism. Furthermore, they expect journalists to moderate citizen contributions according to established journalistic standards. From the perspective of social contract theory, participation in journalism appears to be more of a problem than a benefit to citizens.
Emission reduction through internal and low-pressure loop exhaust gas recirculation configuration with negative valve overlap and late intake valve closing strategy in a compression ignition engine
Authors: Kim Jaeheun , Bae Choongsik
Published: February 2017

An investigation was carried out to examine the feasibility of replacing the conventional high-pressure loop/low-pressure loop exhaust gas recirculation with a combination of internal and low-pressure loop exhaust gas recirculation. The main objective of this alternative exhaust gas recirculation path configuration is to extend the limits of the late intake valve closing strategy, without the concern of backpressure caused by the high-pressure loop exhaust gas recirculation. The late intake valve closing strategy improved the conventional trade-off relation between nitrogen oxides and smoke emissions. The gross indicated mean effective pressure was maintained at a similar level, as long as the intake boosting pressure kept changing with respect to the intake valve closing timing. Applying the high-pressure loop exhaust gas recirculation in the boosted conditions yielded concern of the exhaust backpressure increase. The presence of high-pressure loop exhaust gas recirculation limited further intake valve closing retardation when the negative effect of increased pumping work cancelled out the positive effect of improving the emissions’ trade-off. Replacing high-pressure loop exhaust gas recirculation with internal exhaust gas recirculation reduced the burden of such exhaust backpressure and the pumping loss. However, a simple feasibility analysis indicated that a high-efficiency turbocharger was required to make the pumping work close to zero. The internal exhaust gas recirculation strategy was able to control the nitrogen oxides emissions at a low level with much lower O2 concentration, even though the initial in-cylinder temperature was high due to hot residual gas. Retardation of intake valve closing timing and intake boosting contributed to increasing the charge density; therefore, the smoke emission reduced due to the higher air–fuel ratio value exceeding 25. The combination of internal and low pressure loop loop exhaust gas recirculation with late intake valve closing strategy exhibited an improvement on the trade-off relation between nitrogen oxides and smoke emissions, while maintaining the gross indicated mean effective pressure at a comparable level with that of the high-pressure loop exhaust gas recirculation configuration.
Spectres of reification: Weber and Simmel on History and Class Consciousness
Authors: Bueno Arthur , Teixeira Mariana
Published: February 2017

Georg Lukács’ famous essay on reification, published in 1923 in the book History and Class Consciousness, had a lasting impact on several critical philosophical and sociological currents throughout the twentieth century and remains relevant to the present day. The fruitfulness and longevity of Lukács’ approach can to a large extent be traced back to his creative and bold attempt to articulate distinct interpretations of the process of modernization within a theoretical framework inspired, for the most part, by Karl Marx’s analysis of commodity fetishism. It has been noted many times that Max Weber’s approach to the connection between Western rationalism and modern capitalism plays a crucial role in Lukács’ essay, as does Georg Simmel’s enquiry into the cultural significance of the modern monetary economy. This article intends to explore the tensions that arise out of such a challenging endeavour by way of an imaginary dialogue between Weber and Simmel, taking place shortly after the publication of History and Class Consciousness. This allows us not only to reflect on some of the intricacies of Lukács’ seminal essay but also to delve into fundamental contrasts between the Simmelian and Weberian approaches to social reality and modernity.
Established and outsider nationals: Immigrant–native relations and the everyday politics of national belonging
Authors: Pratsinakis Manolis
Published: February 2017

Ideologies of national belonging and related perceptions of the need to secure the boundedness of the national entity prevail in the design of migration policy in the western world. The same ideologies also account for discourses and policies questioning the belongingness of immigrants after settlement. Prolonged stays by migrants, especially those of low class standing, are seen as a threat to the social cohesion and cultural homogeneity of the nation, and the acceptance of newcomers is provisional upon their compliance with a set of norms and behaviours, dispelling impressions of their perceived dangerous character. Such ideologies are not only macro-structural forces produced through the workings of state institutions but, equally, are enacted and contested through the practices of ‘ordinary people’ in different fields of everyday social life. Elias and Scotson’s established–outsiders model provides an appropriate theory to understand these everyday dynamics allowing for a relational perspective that situates processes of domination and resistance at the heart of the inquiry. Expanding on this model and the literature on ‘whiteness’ and everyday nationhood, this paper puts forward an intersectional theoretical framework that views immigrant–native relations as unequal configurations unfolding through a symbolic struggle over defining the nation and who belongs to it. In so doing, it brings in the dimension of power in the study of immigrant integration.
From language learner to language user in English-medium higher education: Language development brokers outside the language classroom
Authors: Blaj-Ward Lia
Published: February 2017

This article explores, from within the social constructivist paradigm and drawing on data from twenty-one semi-structured interviews with international postgraduate university students approaching the end of a one-year full-time taught Masters degree in the UK, the range of language development brokers that have had an impact on these students’ trajectory from language learner to language user. Students from a range of first language backgrounds contributed insights about key people, outside formal language teaching contexts, who supported and resourced their language development. While existing research has tended to focus on formal language instruction settings, this article puts forward insights to inform the fine tuning of language development provision in English-medium instruction (EMI) contexts outside traditional language classrooms, and to contribute to EMI students’ academic and professional success.
Restructuring the College Classroom: A Critical Reflection on the Use of Collaborative Strategies to Target Student Engagement in Higher Education
Authors: Griffin Claire P , Howard Siobhán
Published: February 2017

Recent years have witnessed a surge in classroom-based pedagogies aimed at targeting student engagement. This paper seeks to report on the design, delivery and small-scale evaluation of a final year undergraduate module in developmental psychology. Adopting a range of innovative teaching/learning methodologies, the author sought to support student engagement across the module. Using a scaffolded approach to module delivery, four discrete teaching methodologies were employed: ‘lectorial’ design, the jigsaw method, in-class presentations and an online discussion forum. Such strategies were chosen due to their strong alignment with the six ‘engagement indices’, as put forward by the Irish Survey of Student Engagement (ISSE). Following module completion, student feedback was obtained using the Student Course Engagement Questionnaire (SCEQ) and additional Likert scale questions. Based on descriptive and inferential analysis of findings, student feedback is presented, with implications for practice outlined. Limitations of the small-scale evaluation are also noted, offering potential avenues for future research.
Acceleration sensor placement technique for vibration test in structural health monitoring using microhabitat frog-leaping algorithm
Authors: Feng Shuo , Jia Jinqing
Published: February 2017

In this article, a microhabitat frog-leaping algorithm is proposed based on original shuffled frog-leaping algorithm and effective independence method to make the algorithm more efficient to optimize the 3-axis acceleration sensor configuration in the vibration test of structural health monitoring. Optimal sensor placement is a vital component of vibration test in structural health monitoring technique. Acceleration sensors should be placed such that all of the important information is collected. The resulting sensor configuration should be optimal such that the testing resources are saved. In addition, sensor configuration should be calculated automatically to facilitate engineers. However, most of the previous methods focus on the sensor placement of 1-axis sensors. Then, the 3-axis acceleration sensors are calculated by the method of 1-axis sensors, which results in non-optimal placement of many 3-axis acceleration sensors. Moreover, the calculation precisions and efficiencies of most of the previous methods cannot meet the requirement of practical engineering. In this work, the microhabitat frog-leaping algorithm is proposed to solve the optimal sensor placement problems of 3-axis acceleration sensors. The computation precision and efficiency are improved by microhabitat frog-leaping algorithm. Finally, microhabitat frog-leaping algorithm is applied and compared with other algorithms using Dalian South Bay Cross-sea Bridge.
Application of Coaching and Behavioral Skills Training During a Preschool Practicum With a College Student With Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Gunn Summer L. , Sellers Tyra P. , Lignugaris/Kraft Ben
Published: February 2017

The current study looked at the effects of coaching using behavioral skills training (BST) outlined by Parsons, Rollyson, and Reid. The participant was a young adult with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) enrolled in a preschool practicum course as part of the early childhood special education (ECSE) licensure program at the university that she attended. Impairment in social pragmatics and executive functioning are associated with ASD and are critical for engaging in an evaluative and analytic process necessary for success as an ECSE teacher. Coaching, using the BST model paired with observation and immediate feedback in the practicum environment, was used to systematically address the participant’s deficits in social pragmatics and executive functioning as it related to the practicum setting. The current applied study relied on a single-case demonstration to measure treatment outcomes and inform clinical decision making. Dependent measures in the study included visual scanning, verbal interactions, and engagement with preschool age children. Outcomes included an increase in all dependent variables. The impact of treatment on the participant’s success in her preschool practicum will be discussed.
Status Epilepticus and Multiple Sclerosis: A Case Presentation and Literature Review
Authors: Atmaca Murat Mert , Gurses Candan
Published: February 2017

Purpose. To search the literature for the frequency, pathogenesis, prognosis, and treatment of seizures and status epilepticus (SE) in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Methods. We report 2 patients with MS who presented with SE and review the literature. Results. Seizures and SE episodes worsened during MS relapses in the first patient. SE episodes and MS relapses significantly decreased after initiation of natalizumab treatment but she still had seizures and was taking 4 antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). The second patient had super refractory SE and was treated with AEDs and coma induction; SE was controlled in 1 week. Antibodies against glycine receptors were reported in her serum after her death. Conclusion. SE has been reported to remain refractory to conventional AEDs, and improve with treatment of MS relapse. Seizures often occur during MS relapses, and might be the presenting symptom of MS or the only symptom of a relapse. Patients with MS and epilepsy have been reported to have more severe MS disease courses. Seizures are refractory to treatment in patients with MS with chronic epilepsy; however, prognosis is quite good in patients experiencing provoked seizures during an MS relapse. Since some EEG findings may have prognostic value, their evaluation is invaluable for the determination of outcome. No treatment guidelines have been specified for patients with MS and SE. However, treatment with AEDs, ideally new-generation AEDs, and an MS treatment review with a new protocol will ensure a fast response to the improvement of SE.
Deep Friction Massage Versus Steroid Injection in the Treatment of Lateral Epicondylitis
Authors: Yi Rosemary , Bratchenko Walter W. , Tan Virak
Published: February 2017

Background: The aim of the study was to determine the efficacy of deep friction massage in the treatment of lateral epicondylitis by comparing outcomes with a control group treated with splinting and therapy and with an experimental group receiving a local steroid injection. Methods: A randomized clinical trial was conducted to compare outcomes after recruitment of consecutive patients presenting with lateral epicondylitis. Patients were randomized to receive one of 3 treatments: group 1: splinting and stretching, group 2: a cortisone injection, or group 3: a lidocaine injection with deep friction massage. Pretreatment and posttreatment parameters of visual analog scale (VAS) pain ratings, Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) scores, and grip strength were measured. Results: Outcomes were measured at early follow-up (6-12 weeks) and at 6-month follow-up. There was a significant improvement in VAS pain score in all treatment groups at early follow-up. DASH score and grip strength improved in the cortisone injection group and the deep friction massage group at early follow-up; these parameters did not improve in the splinting and stretching group. At 6-month follow-up, only patients in the deep friction massage group demonstrated a significant improvement in all outcome measures, including VAS pain score, DASH score, and grip strength. Conclusions: Deep friction massage is an effective treatment for lateral epicondylitis and can be used in patients who have failed other nonoperative treatments, including cortisone injection.
Inverse rigid-body dynamic analysis for a 3U

P

S-

P

RU parallel robot
Authors: Zhao Yongjie , Zhang Ziqiang , Cheng Gang
Published: February 2017

Inverse rigid-body dynamic analysis for a 3UPS-PRU parallel robot are conducted in this research. The position, velocity, acceleration, jerk, and singularity are considered in the inverse kinematics analysis. The rigid-body dynamic model is developed by means of the principle of virtual work and the concept of link Jacobian matrices. The driving torque, driving power, and required output work of motors have been computed in the inverse rigid-body dynamics analysis. For the pre-defined trajectory, the required output work generated by the driving motor is achieved by numerical integration technique. The inverse kinematics and rigid-body dynamics have been investigated in an exhaustive decoupled way. The effects of the velocity of the moving platform on the components of the joint acceleration, joint jerk, driving torque, and driving power, which are related to the velocity of the moving platform, are investigated. There are linear relationships between the acceleration of the moving platform and the components of the joint acceleration, joint jerk, driving torque, and driving power, which are related to the acceleration of the moving platform. The total driving torques, the torques related to the acceleration, velocity, and gravity, the torques related to the moving platform, strut connected with the moving platform, strut connected with the base platform, and motor rotor-coupler are calculated. The total driving powers, the powers related to the acceleration component of torque, velocity component of torque, gravity component of torque, and the powers related to the moving platform, strut connected with the moving platform, strut connected with the base platform, and motor rotor-coupler are also achieved.