bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MUDANÇA SOCIAL E MODERNIZAÇÃO ECOLÓGICA NO BRASIL

 SOCIAL CHANGE AND ECOLOGIC MODERNIZATION IN BRAZIL
Authors: Blanc Julien
Published: May 2021

Este artigo analisa as trajetórias de conversão para agricultura orgânica de agricultores familiares localizados na região metropolitana de São Paulo durante os anos 1990 e 2000. Esta conversão ocorreu sob o impulso inicial de indivíduos ligados ao movimento da teologia da libertação e depois da estruturação posterior de um mercado regional em torno da grande distribuição. O texto mostra como a integração desses agricultores em um sistema de mercado regido por lógicas capitalistas foi acompanhada, localmente, por uma profissionalização da agricultura e pela implantação de lógicas e estruturas empresariais. Mostra também como estas dinâmicas de modernização ecológica, embora contribuindo para a geração de uma nova elite rural e de novas formas de desigualdade social, parecem ao mesmo tempo poder contribuir para a manutenção da agricultura em um contexto de forte pressão urbana, para o retorno dos jovens a esta atividade e para a construção de territórios de qualidade ecológica. Nesse sentido, ele indaga se existiriam contextos nos quais a modernização ecológica seria um compromisso aceito por defensores de uma alternativa mais radical? Qualquer que seja a resposta a essa pergunta, a demonstração aqui proposta sublinha a importância de reintegrar a análise das trajetórias ecológicas agrícolas em um estudo mais geral das mudanças sociais, particularmente em seus componentes locais.AbstractThis paper analyzes small farmers’ trajectories in converting to organic farming in the metropolitan region of São Paulo during the 1990s and 2000s. The  conversion occurred under the initial push of individuals connected the movement of the Theology of Liberation and after the structuring of a regional market around large-scale distribution. The paper shows how the integration of these farmers in a market system ruled by capitalist logic was accompanied, at the local level, by the professionalization of agriculture and by the implantation of corporate structures and logic. It also shows how these ecologic modernization dynamics, while contributing to the creation of a new rural elite and new forms of social inequality, seem to also be able to contribute to the maintenance of farming in a context of strong urban pressure, to the return ofyoung people to farming, and the construction of territories of ecologic quality.In this sense, it questions whether contexts exist in which ecologic modernization would be a compromise accepted by defenders of more radical alternatives? Whichever the answer to this question, the answer we propose underlines the importance of reintegrating the analysis of the ecologic farming trajectories to a broader study of social changes, mainly in its local components.
TRANSFORMAÇÕES RECENTES NA CADEIA PRODUTIVA DO LEITE NA REGIÃO DE IMPERATRIZ E O PROCESSO DE ADOÇÃO DE INOVAÇÕES POR PRODUTORES DE LEITE E QUEIJO

RECENT TRANSFORMATIONS IN THE PRODUCTION CHAIN OF MILK IN THE IMPERATRIZ REGION AND THE MILK AND CHEESE PRODUCERS' PROCESS OF ADOPTING INNOVATIONS
Authors: Lima Neto Evaristo , Carneiro Jonatha Farias , Carneiro Marcelo Sampaio
Published: May 2021

Este artigo analisa algumas transformações que vêm ocorrendo na cadeia produtiva do leite no Maranhão, a partir de dois níveis da relação entre produtores de leite e laticínios e da inserção desses laticínios no mercado nacional de produtos lácteos. A pesquisa foi realizada na região de Imperatriz, que concentra a maior bacia leiteira do estado do Maranhão e o maior número de laticínios do estado. Os dados utilizados para a análise, envolvem entrevistas feitas com dirigentes de laticínios, bem como informações secundárias levantadas no Censo Agropecuário de 2017 (IBGE) e nas agências estatais responsáveis pelas ações de vigilância sanitária. Os resultados obtidos apontam: a) para uma modificação importante na relação entre produtores de leite e laticínios, que, a partir dos resultados obtidos pela campanha contra o leite clandestino, diminui a participação dos laticínios informais – as chamadas “queijeiras” – na cadeia produtiva, o que significou o de uma convenção de qualidade de tipo industrial (BOISARD; LETABLIER, 1987) no processo de produção, coleta e beneficiamento do leite; e b) para a identificação de um processo de aprimoramento (upgrading) da indústria de laticínio regional, com o desenvolvimento de novos produtos e ampliação da capacidade produtiva.AbstractThis paper analyses the construction of the Inovar-Auto programme, a Brazilian industrial policy devised with the goal of boosting investment in research, development and engineering in the automotive industry. The purpose of this discussion is that of contributing to define the corporate strategies of industrial groups in the automotive industry, showing how the industrial policies for the sector are carved out to measure, in order to protect the interests of those companies that have been in Brazil the longest. Inovar-Auto could possibly have resulted from social processes responsible for structuring the relationships between incumbent organisations and challengers within the automotive market. In other words, its appearance is due to the fall in prices resulting from the entry of new challengers onto the national market, and the response given by the incumbent companies to the increased competition, through reinforcement of rules, laws for protection, and other ways of being able to prevent any movement for the transformation of the economic and social order.
CONSTRUÇÃO DE INSTITUIÇÕES DA INOVAÇÃO: EFEITOS SOCIOPOLÍTICOS DO ZENIT PARQUE DA UFRGS

BUILDING INNOVATION INSTITUTIONS: SOCIO-POLITICAL EFFECTS OF ZENIT PARK AT UFRGS
Authors: Garcia Sandro Ruduit , Paim Tamirez Galvão da Silva , Muinge Figueiredo Artur
Published: May 2021

Os parques tecnológicos têm envolvido uma diversidade de situações que reclama considerações sobre a sua capacidade de contribuir para a redução do déficit institucional que assola o “sistema nacional de inovação” no Brasil. Com base no detalhamento de um estudo de caso, tentamos avançar o argumento de que esse tipo de institucionalidade envolve, mais do que uma resposta às novas demandas do sistema produtivo e econômico, processos indeterminados de construção sociopolítica conduzidos pela ação estratégica em meio a diferentes formas de resistência, a limitações de recursos econômicos e sociais, e a quadros regulatórios pré-existentes. A estratégia do parque pode, desse modo, construir uma institucionalidade que avança na direção de certos vínculos, mas deixa de integrar diferentes esferas e atores relevantes (parques de modelo acadêmico). A conjectura é discutida tomando-se como referência a recente experiência do “Zenit Parque da UFRGS”.AbstractTechnology parks have involved a variety of situations that call for considerations on their capacities to contribute to reducing the institutional deficit that plagues the “national innovation system” in Brazil. Based on the details of a case study, we try to advance the argument that this type of institutional framework involves more than a response to the new demands of the productive and economic system, undetermined processes of sociopolitical construction driven by strategic action amid different ways resistance, limitations of economic and social resources, and pre-existing regulatory frameworks. The park’s strategy can thus build an institutionality that advances in the direction of certain links but fails to integrate different spheres and relevant actors (academic model parks). The conjecture is discussed with reference to the recent experience of “Zenit Park at UFRGS.
Church and State, Church in State
Authors: Carstea Daniela
Published: May 2021

The purpose of this paper is to briefly analyse the three existing models regulating the limits and the areas of intersectionality between the spiritual and the lay power, recognisable and identifiable in the countries of the European Community, that made possible the noticeable onslaught of secularisation in (post-)modernity. The first section will then be supplemented with a sociologically-informed analysis of the increasing desacralisation of our world, employing as a starting point Matthew Arnold’s poem, Dover Beach, foreboding the perils of loss of faith as early as the nineteenth century.
Une peinture sombre de l’amour dans Les Ombres sanglantes
Authors: Szkopiński Łukasz
Published: May 2021

La présente étude a pour objectif de se pencher sur le thème de l’amour dans Les Ombres sanglantes (1820) de J. P. R. Cuisin. Quatre histoires de ce recueil seront analysées dans ce but : La demeure d’un parricide, ou le triomphe du remords ; L’Infanticide, ou la fausse vertu démasquée ; La guérite de la religieuse, ou la vestale prévaricatrice ; et Niobé, ou l’élève de la nature. On s’intéressera particulièrement aux crimes décrits par l’auteur dans chacun de ces récits : le parricide, l’infanticide, la rupture des vœux religieux et l’inceste. La manière violente, corrosive et parfois caricaturale dont les différentes relations sentimentales, souvent de nature illicite, voire pathologique, sont peintes dans Les Ombres sanglantes diverge considérablement de la vision de l’amour typique du roman noir tel qu’il se pratique en France à la fin du XVIIIe siècle et au début du XIXe, et marque clairement l’avènement du genre frénétique de plus en plus présent dans la littérature française de cette période.
“Todos los servidores de la casa lo calumnian con murmuraciones”: el rumor como leitmotiv en el Roman de Thèbes
Authors: Suárez Larios Sharon
Published: May 2021

The mise en roman of Greco-Latin classical texts —carried out as part of the political and cultural plan of the Plantagenets (12th-13th Centuries)— has been studied by critics in its different aspects of content and form, among which stands out the medievalization of the classical tradition. The particularities of this involve a series of narrative mechanisms and strategies that sought to bring the stories of Homer, Virgil and Statius to the audience of medieval courts. This is noticeable with the medievalization of the goddes Fame, who is materialized in the social phenomenon of rumor. So I observe it in the Roman de Thèbes, whose anonymous author uses rumor as a leitmotiv that, in addition to allowing logical changes in the plot, offers an imporant lesson to its audience, especially to those holding the power: the principle is not allow that the rumor may transgress the order destabilizing the political hierarchy. In order to demostrate the latter I offer three model examples of the text where I underline the narratological significance of the rumor like leitmotiv and its socio-political implications.
Etude préliminaire de l'innocuité et du pouvoir immunogène de la souche atténuée VD47/25 de camelpoxvirus
Authors: Nguyen Ba Vy Vy , Guerre L. , Saint-Martin Gilles
Published: May 2021

L'examen de l'innocuité et du pouvoir immunogène de la souche atténuée de camelpoxvirus VD47/25 a été effectué sur 30 chamelons en Mauritanie. Aucun signe clinique n'a été constaté durant les 40 jours d'observation suivant la vaccination. Les titres des anticorps neutralisants des sérums prélevés durant cette période sont restés faibles (1/4-1/16). Les titrages in vivo d'une souche virulente sur des vaccinés et des témoins ont permis le calcul de la dose protectrice 50 % (DP50) qui renfermait l'équivalent de 103,7 DICT50 (dose infectant 50 % des cultures cellulaires). D'autres études seront nécessaires pour la détermination de la dose vaccinale protégeant 95 % des vaccinés.
Influence de l'intervalle du repas d'entretien sur la compétence vectorielle de Glossina palpalis palpalis (Mongo-Bemba, Zaïre) vis-à-vis de Trypanosoma brucei brucei EATRO 1125; Morphologie et cycle du parasite
Authors: Kazadi J.M. , Kageruka P. , Losson Bertrand , Jochems M. , Van Hees J.
Published: May 2021

La compétence vectorielle (CV) de Glossina palpalis palpalis (Mongo-Bemba, Zaïre) a été évaluée en nourrissant une seule fois 1 304 mouches ténérales sur un rat infecté avec Trypanosoma brucei brucei EATRO 1125. Les niveaux d'infection de l'intestin moyen, du proventricule et des glandes salivaires diffèrent significativement entre les sexes, mais non avec la longueur du jeûne entre les repas d'entretien. Chez les mouches nourries, par la suite, sur des rats non infectés, à intervalle de trois jours, la CV des mâles est significativement plus élevée que celle des femelles. La métacyclogenèse se traduit par l'invasion successive des trypomastigotes dans l'intestin moyen, le proventricule et les glandes salivaires. L'invasion parasitaire reste permanente dans chaque site colonisé.
Evaluation des pertes d'agneaux et de chevreaux par abattage des femelles gravides
Authors: Manjeli Y. , Njwe R.M. , Tchoumboué J. , Abba S. , Teguia A.
Published: May 2021

Les pertes d'agneaux et de chevreaux dues à l'abattage des femelles gravides ont été évaluées entre 1993 et 1995 aux abattoirs de Garoua et de Maroua, Cameroun. Sur un total de 3 150 chèvres et 1 757 brebis examinées après abattage, 1 216 chèvres soit 38,6 % et 1 040 brebis soit 59,2 % étaient en état de gravidité plus ou moins avancé. Les pertes étaient respectivement de l'ordre de 0,6 chevreau et 1 agneau par femelle abattue. Ces pertes économiques sont importantes et coïncident avec des déficits en viande qui ne cessent de s'aggraver. Des mesures urgentes doivent être envisagées pour en diminuer l'ampleur. Cependant, des mesures efficaces de prévention risquent d'être complexes si le contexte socio-économique encore axé sur l'économie de subsistance et le système d'élevage extensif des petits ruminants reste prédominant.
Intérêt d'un traitement antiparasitaire contre les strongles et les coccidies à l'agnelage de la brebis Djallonké
Authors: Hounzangbe-Adote Sylvie , Meyer Christian
Published: May 2021

Trois lots de 14 brebis Djallonké ont été comparés : l'un (lot E) avec un traitement antiparasitaire à la mise bas avec de l'Ivomec® ou du Valbazen® et de l'Amprol®, l'autre (lot T2) avec trois traitements antiparasitaires classiques avec les mêmes médicaments en fonction des saisons (au début et à la fin de la grande saison des pluies et à la fin de la petite saison des pluies) et le dernier (lot T1) n'a pas bénéficié de traitement antiparasitaire. La reprise de l'activité sexuelle a eu lieu 71,5 ± 5,4 jours (lot E), 74,5 ± 6,3 j (lot T2) et 104,3 ± 10,3 j (lot T1) après la mise bas. Ainsi, les intervalles entre mises bas ont été de 255,7 ± 11,8 j (lot E), 245,9 ± 13,5 j (lot T2) et 298,2 ± 24 j (lot T1). Les autres paramètres de l'agnelage sont sensiblement les mêmes dans les trois lots, légèrement meilleurs dans le lot E : prolificité 127-137 %, poids à la naissance 1,2-1,4 kg, gain moyen quotidien (0-90 j) 99-114 g et mortalité 39-48 %. Il pourrait être donc plus rentable économiquement de traiter les brebis contre les parasites internes une seule fois au moment de la mise bas plutôt que trois fois selon les saisons.
Composition chimique et dégradabilité enzymatique et in vitro d'espèces ligneuses arbustives utilisables par les ruminants dans les parcours extensifs de la Nouvelle-Calédonie. II. Equation de prédiction de la dégradabilité enzymatique et in vitro de la m
Authors: Corniaux Christian , Guérin Hubert , Steingass H.
Published: May 2021

En Nouvelle-Calédonie, comme dans de nombreux autres pays, il n'est pas envisageable à court terme de mettre en oeuvre toutes les méthodes d'évaluation des fourrages. Par ailleurs, la valeur alimentaire des arbustes fourragers est relativement méconnue comparativement à celle des herbacées. Aussi cette étude établit-elle des équations de prédiction de quelques facteurs liés à la valeur nutritive des ligneux tropicaux récoltés sur les zones de parcours néo-calédoniens. II s'agit, d'une part de critères déterminés par les méthodes enzymatiques: dégradabilité enzymatique de la matière organique (SMO) et des matières azotées dégradées par la pronase (MApro); et, d'autre part, par la méthode in vitro: dégradabilité in vitro de la matière organique (dMOgt) et des matières azotées (MAgt) par la méthode de production des gaz. Cette étude montre notamment la difficulté de déterminer ces équations à partir de critères chimiques simples (MAT, NDF, ADF) couramment utilisés pour les espèces herbacées. Leur teneur généralement élevée en lignines, la distribution de leurs matières azotées partiellement bloquées au niveau des parois indigestibles et la présence de tanins rendent nécessaire l'emploi de critères chimiques tels qu'ADL, MAadf et MAnadf (matières azotées liées ou non à l'ADF) dans le cas des arbres et arbustes fourragers. La précision des équations est néanmoins acceptable notamment pour la dMOgt et pour la famille des Fabacées. En revanche, les équations ne sont pas applicables pour MApro (sauf pour les Fabacées).
Utilisation du test ELISA de détection des antigènes circulants de trypanosomes dans le cadre d'un suivi épidémiologique dans la zone de Sidéradougou, Burkina Faso
Authors: Delafosse Arnaud , Bengaly Zakaria , Duvallet Gérard
Published: May 2021

Des plasmas, prélevés lors d'un suivi parasitologique sur la trypanosomose bovine, ont été testés a posteriori à l'aide du test de détection des antigènes circulants. Le but était d'évaluer l'intérêt de ce test pour l'épidémiosurveillance, en comparant les résultats obtenus à ceux d'un diagnostic parasitologique usuel (examen du buffy cool). L'étude a porté sur une cohorte de 297 bovins dont 216 provenaient de quatre villages de la zone pastorale de Sidéradougou, région indemne de glossines à la suite d'un vaste programme d'éradication. Les taux d'incidence de la trypanosomose bovine obtenus avec le test de détection des antigènes circulants sont faibles dans les cheptels situés au centre de la zone. Ils diminuent proportionnellement à la distance entre le lieu de prélèvement et la limite de la zone infestée. Les résultats du diagnostic parasitologique sont concordants sauf pour un village situé en bordure de la zone traitée. L'utilisation du test de détection des antigènes circulants confirme donc la faible incidence de la trypanosomose dans le centre de la zone de Sidéradougou après la campagne d'éradication.
El reto de la igualdad laboral en la era post Covid
Authors: Blázquez Agudo Eva María
Published: May 2021

Editorial
Valoración de puestos de trabajo con perspectiva de género
Authors: García Gil M. Begoña
Published: May 2021

La desigualdad entre hombres y mujeres en las relaciones laborales y su repercusión materializada en la brecha salarial exige una perspectiva de análisis específica vinculada a la valoración de puestos de trabajo. En este estudio realizamos un estudio del procedimiento que sirve de herramienta garantizadora de la igualdad entre mujeres y hombres relativa a la valoración de puestos de trabajo. En concreto, nos referimos a todos aquellos aspectos que relacionados con factores y subfactores de valoración permiten identificar, corregir y evitar sesgos de género que son causa de discriminación indirecta y que provocan desigualdades retributivas.
¿Avances en la lucha contra la discriminación salarial por razón de sexo?
Authors: Poquet Catalá Raquel
Published: May 2021

En este trabajo se realiza un análisis de la discriminación salarial por razón de sexo y de la normativa dictada al efecto de combatir dicha diferenciación y alcanzar la igualdad retributiva. Para ello, se realiza un estudio de la normativa existente, tanto a nivel internacional, como comunitario y nacional, así como de los diferentes tipos de discriminación existentes, esto es, directa e indirecta, con sus manifestaciones prácticas a través de la doctrina judicial. Adicionalmente, se analizan los factores más habituales que inciden en la creación de situaciones discriminatorias para la mujer trabajadora en materia salarial. Y, finalmente, se estudian las medidas establecidas recientemente por el legislador para hacer frente a dichas situaciones.
Cómo avanzar en la lucha por la libertad e igualdad de la mujer: propuestas legales frente a la cosificación, hipersexualización y pornificación de la sociedad
Authors: Padrós Reig Carlos
Published: May 2021

La lucha por la igualdad y la libertad de la mujer a través de la represión de los delitos de género y las agresiones sexuales arroja un resultado decepcionante. La cuestión lejos de presentar una mejora, parece empeorar. Ello puede deberse a la irrupción en nuestras sociedades de los fenómenos de la hipersexualización y la cosificación de la mujer. Pero también a la creciente disponibilidad absoluta de contenidos pornográficos cada vez más violentos y vejatorios contra las mujeres. Frente a ello, el enfoque legal basado en la represión de las conductas debe acompañarse de medidas preventivas o anticipatorias: un mejor control de ciertos contenidos; un sistema efectivo de limitación de acceso; una aplicación de las figuras penales de la inducción o la apología respecto a la difusión de contenidos ilícitos; la aplicación del tipo específico del delito de odio por razón de género; una extensión de la responsabilidad de quienes alojen estos contenidos en la red.
Análisis del retrato de Manuela Carmena en ABC durante sus primeros cien días como alcaldesa
Authors: Carrascosa Puertas Lara
Published: May 2021

Esta investigación analiza los textos periodísticos que mencionan a Manuela Carmena o están ilustrados con su imagen en el periódico ABC durante los primeros cien días de su mandato como alcaldesa (del 14 de junio al 21 de septiembre). Mediante la reconstrucción del retrato de esta mujer que hizo el rotativo se pretende poner al descubierto características y atributos de liderazgo de Manuela Carmena, así como comprobar si el género, junto con otros factores como la edad, han influido en el tratamiento mediático. La metodología está basada en el análisis de los 15 códigos que emergen de la lectura detallada de los textos 375 textos. Entre las conclusiones, encontramos que ABC refuerza estereotipos de género, como el de edad o el de incumplimiento de los cánones de belleza, así como retrata a Carmena como una persona poco preparada para el cargo o con características de movimientos políticos ajenos a la democracia.
Resource Allocation During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Contributions to an Ethical Approach
Authors: Sobral Margarida , Santa Rosa Bárbara , Silvestre Margarida
Published: May 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has brought dramatic worldwide consequences affecting social, economic and healthcare systems. Considering that the number of infected patients requiring admission to intensive care units far exceeded the available resources, healthcare professionals have had to face challenging decisions concerning who should benefit from the limited resources and who should not. In this context, after a careful ethical reflection, we propose some principles to be adopted when dealing with allocation resource decisions, based on core ethical values. Ideally, these strategies should be established and integrated into institutional policies before a crisis scenario, in order to anticipate a potential new public health emergency and prevent possible tragic consequences.
TEACHING VOCABULARY THROUGH THE CONCEPT ATTAIMENT MODEL AT SMP IT ANNAJIYAH LUBUKLINGGAU
Authors: Wulandari Sri , Oktaviani Ayu , Yulfie Yulfi
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT The problem of this research was “is it significantly effective to teach vocabulary through the Concept Attainment Model (CAM) at SMP IT Annajiyah Lubuklinggau in academic year 2019/2020?” The objective of this research was to find out whether or not it is significantly effective to teach vocabulary through the Concept Attainment Model (CAM) at SMP IT Annajiyah Lubuklinggau in academic year 2019/2020. The population of this research was all of the seventh grades consist of 43 students of SMP IT Annajiyah Lubuklinggau in academic year 2019/2020 and total number of sample was 18 students from VIII.A. The sample in this research was taken through cluster random sampling. In this research, the researcher used pre-experimental method. In collecting the data, the researcher used written test. In analyzing the data, the researcher used three techniques. They were: individual score, normality test and matched t-test. Based on the result of the data analysis, the researcher found out that the students’ average score was 59.166 in the pre-test and it increased in the post-test which score was 78.888. The result of matched t-test was 7.498, while ttable was 1.734. It means that the null hypothesis (Ho) was rejected and the alternative hypothesis (Ha) was accepted. Furthermore, it was significantly effective to teach vocabulary through the Concept Attainment Model (CAM) at SMP IT Annajiyah Lubuklinggau in academic year 2019/2020.
TEACHING SPEAKING SKILL BY USING BAMBOO DANCING METHOD TO THE EIGHTH GRADE STUDENTS AT SMP NEGERI 1 LUBUKLINGGAU
Authors: Agustina Serli , Syaprizal Syaprizal , Yulfi Yulfi
Published: May 2021

The problem of this study was “Is it significantly effective to use Bamboo Dancing Method to the Eighth Grade Students of SMP Negeri 1 Lubuklinggau in academic year of 2019/2010?” Therefore, the objective of this study was to find out whether or not it is significantly effective to use Bamboo Dancing Method to the Eighth Grade Students of SMP Negeri 1 Lubuklinggau in academic year of 2019/2020 which was divided in to ten classes and the total number was 335 students. The applied method was Pre-experimental method with one group pre-test and post-test design. The writer used cluster random sampling to get the sample. The result was VIII.2 as sample group which consist of 34 students. The instrument of collecting the data was speaking test. The writer applied four techniques in analyzing the data. They were: 1) Individual Score, 2) Minimum Mastery Criteria, 3) Normality test, 4) the Paired t-test. The result of this study: (1) The mean of students’ score in the Pre-test was 29.59, (2)The mean of students score in the Post-test was 78.41, and (3) The result of Paired t-test was 5.69, at one tailed the degree of freedom (df) will be 33 (34-1) with 5% (0.05) significance level, t-table value is 1.692. Therefore, the null hypothesis (Ho) was rejected and the alternative hypothesis (Ha) is accepted. It means that it was significantly effective to use Bamboo Dancing Method to the Eighth Grade Students at SMP Negeri 1 Lubuklinggau in academic year of 2019/2020.
Social Factors Found in The Story of How I Went to School
Authors: Taqwa Ananda
Published: May 2021

This paper aims at revealing social factors happened in a short story by Tera Fabiánová called How I went to School. Sociolinguistics theory was used to collect the data which was how the social factors are depicted through the story. The results of the analysis presented that social factors in the story were speaker and setting/scene. In speaker, it was found certain aspects such as class, position, age, and relations. Moreover, in setting, three aspects were identified namely crowd, private, and group. Moreover, this story gives a moral value to the audience, that education is a powerful thing to change people’s lives in order to have a brighter future.Keywords: Social factors, Linguistics theory, Tera Fabiánová, How I Went to School
EXPLORING SHARING TIME INTEGRATION IN EFL CLASSROOM FOR YOUNG LEARNERS
Authors: Umam Amalul , Kristiyantini Kristiyantini
Published: May 2021

Abstract: There are still many schools in Indonesia that use the one-way communication learning system. It made students feel bored and monitored. Therefore teachers need a pleasant learning atmosphere and a learning system that can build interactive relationships between teachers and students. One of them is by doing sharing time activities in the learning process. This research is conducted to determine the purpose, benefits, and scope of sharing time using a quantitative descriptive approach—the data collected by conducting informal observations and interviews. Validity and reliability observed several times. The technique used to analyze is Miles and Huberman's model. From this study, it was found that the purpose of sharing time is to see the students' understanding of a topic, and to practice the ability of students speaking in front of the audience. Benefits for students, (1) Trained to express ideas or experiences. (2) Improve student vocabulary. (3) Learn to compose correct sentences. Benefits for teachers, (1) Build communication between teachers and students. (2) Make the teacher able to know the abilities of the students. (3) The teacher gets exciting ideas from students. (4) Helping teachers to have a closer relationship with students. Constraints (1). Topics that are not yet familiar make students hesitate. (2). Limited Time
«Arab Spring»: Transformation of Political Paradigm in Context of International Relations
Authors: Fituni L.
Published: May 2021

The author presents his own original conception of the 2011 Arab upheavals. First, he tries to find parallels between the Arab Spring and the 19th century European Spring of Peoples. Second, he dwells on the idea of three types of transition in the Arab World: economic, demographic, and ideological. Third, he reflects on the issues of democracy and autocracy in the Arab countries emphasizing the role of youth. Fourth, he puts forward some new ideas as regards the relationship between Europe and the Arab World, offering such terms as “democratic internationalism” and “young democratic safety belt” in the Mediterranean region.
APEC Evolution and Prospects of Regional Integration Processes
Authors: Fedorovskii A.
Published: May 2021

The paper discusses the operational value of the key principles of the activities of the Asia-Pacific economic cooperation (APEC) that stand behind its creation. These include the consensus decision-making, the voluntary nature of the decisions’ implementation, the “open regionalism”. Also the author deals with the functioning of the APEC in the context of regional economic cooperation in the Asia-Pacific region at the end of the first decade of the XXI century.
Mediterranean Policies of EU in Light of Integration Processes
Authors: Trofimova O.
Published: May 2021

The evolution of the EU strategy towards South-Mediterranean countries is investigated in the article. The author addresses main stages of the new transregional interaction model formation (in a multilateral and bilateral format): Barcelona Process, Euromed Partnership, Union for the Mediterranean, European Neighborhood Policy. The assessment of weak points is given, and the prospects of further integration are defined, in particular of the free-trade zone, single route and energy network creation.
Transnational Corporations of BRICS Countries
Authors: Kuznetsov A.
Published: May 2021

The article shows rather modest role of BRICS countries in the outward foreign direct investments. However, the share of BRICS in global FDI rapidly increases due to the growth of Russian and Chinese activities abroad. The analysis of 25 leading and some other transnational corporations from different industries of BRICS demonstrates significant heterogeneity of these companies. They have various key motivations for expansion abroad and represent diverse modes of state support for foreign direct investments. As a result, BRICS countries have a few common aims in the global regulation of investment processes. Moreover, transnational corporations from BRICS often compete with each other.
Mass Poverty as a Phenomenon of Afro-Asian Area
Authors: Bragina E.
Published: May 2021

At last, it is now recognized that mass poverty is not only a humanitarian a problem but also a social and economic one. The principal way of lowering mass poverty is to secure the employment. To combat poverty it is necessary to carry out complex reforms, which in the backward economies can only be accomplished “from the above”, namely by the governments. The state, however, has both to ensure stabilization and to push ahead the modernization projects. This makes it difficult to guarantee a balanced development. Thus, lack of stability remains a permanent feature of non-Western nations.
Multifaced Corruption and its Measurements in International Organizations’ Studies
Authors: Nisnevich Y. , Stukal D.
Published: May 2021

This paper addresses the role of corruption in political processes today as well as problems of its measurement with Corruption Perception Index (TI) and the Control of Corruption Index (WB) as the key measures. We propose a variant of the methodological solution as concerns the problem of validation strategy in cases, where the measures under study are few and have correlated measurement errors. Our proposal is based on a combination of the correlation, principal components and regression analysis. Using the proposed methodology we find that both indices are highly consistent with one another. At the same time there are differences in consistency degree in the countries with a high and a low level of corruption. We conclude with some suggestions about usage of these indices in comparative analysis of corruption.
Vietnam: Post-Socialist «Tiger» (the end)
Authors: Irishin G.
Published: May 2021

The publication represents the outcomes of the regular academic seminar “Current problems of development” conducted by the Center of the problems of development and modernization within IMEMO RAS. The participants consider the issues relating to vital changes in Viet Nam since beginning in 1986, namely the transition from a centrally planned to a market economy. It is concluded that this resulted in major shifts in the socio-political sphere with rather positive changes in society and life. The conclusion is made that Viet Nam reaffirmed common transition patterns of development. At the same time, the specific characteristics of the process of modernization of Viet Nam.
New Tendencies of Political Parties Transformation in the Era of Globalization and Digital Technologies on the Example of Europe
Authors: Guseletov B.
Published: May 2021

Received 30.10.2020. The article examines the processes of formation and institutionalization of pan-European parties (Europarties) as a new institution in the party-political system of the European Union. This institution emerged relatively recently in the mid‑1970s, on the eve of the first European elections in 1979. The main stages of institutionalization of European parties and their factions in the European Parliament are presented. The article shows the key differences between this type of a party and traditional political parties as well as the way relations between the European parties and national parties from the EU member states are developing. It analyzes the current state of these parties and the impact of the most important challenges that the European Union has faced in the last decade: the global financial and economic crisis, the migration crisis in Europe, Brexit, and the coronavirus pandemic. The article considers the legal basis for ensuring the functioning of these parties, which is contained in the Lisbon Treaty, and a number of other fundamental acts of the European Union regulating the activities of its political system. The results of the 2014 and 2019 pan-European parliamentary elections are analyzed; it is shown how positions of the leading European parties represented in the European Parliament have changed. The reasons for the change in the electoral results of these parties, including the growing popularity of Eurosceptic parties, are indicated. It is noted to which EU member states the most popular European parties belong, and what the reason for this distribution is. The article presents new trends in the development of the Institute of European parties associated with an active use of new communication technologies in party building, as well as the emergence of a new type of European parties that advocate the federalization of the European Union.
Forming the European Union Common External Energy Policy: Key Events and Results
Authors: Yudina O.
Published: May 2021

Received 08.05.2020. Energy has always been of particular importance to the European Union. Meanwhile, up to the beginning of the 21st century, this area had been in exclusive competence of member states, with timid attempts of the European Commission (EC) to receive part of the powers in the energy sphere. The article is devoted to the issues of the EU common external energy policy development that was accompanied by a dichotomy of interests between the member-states, which hardly like the idea of the energy sector communitarisation, and the European Commission, which has been the main driver of supranationalisation of the energy sphere for a long period of time. The author characterizes the main achievements towards the EU common external energy policy, including the law regarding the export of energy to neighboring non-member countries through various organizations, such as the Energy Community, the Eastern Partnership, MEDREG, and launching of the European Energy Union (EEU) in 2015. Special attention is paid to external factors that facilitated the enhancement of the European Commission’s role in the energy sphere. The new era for the EU common external energy policy started in 2015 with the EEU and energy security as one of its priority, partly due to the gas crises and political tension between the European Union and Russia. It is noted that the EEU has facilitated the adoption of some EC’s legal proposals that could not be adopted for a long time, such as the mechanism of consultations on new intergovernmental contracts. In general, the creation of the Energy Union should certainly be seen as strengthening the supranational energy competences of the European Commission. It is concluded that the European Commission has made a significant progress towards a common external energy policy, strongly supported by the public opinion that the European Union should speak one voice with third countries. Despite the lack of legally supported competencies in energy for the EC, it gained authority in different directions of the EU energy policy development. Under these circumstances, the common energy market that has led to energy interdependent of the member states, forces them to cooperate at a supranational level. The author argues that third countries should clearly understand the dynamic and processes of communitarisation of the energy sphere and adopt their cooperation with the European Union based on this knowledge.
The Problem of International Conventional Regulation of Private Military and Security Companies
Authors: Nebolsina M.
Published: May 2021

Received 16.09.2020. The article examines the preconditions for the development of a UN convention on Private Military and Security Companies (PMSCs), and raises the question of the actors interested in creating such a document. It seeks to explain why the convention remained at the draft level, through the prism of contradictions associated with the development of international legal norms in relation to the known phenomenon of mercenarism, and in relation to new militarysecurity structures. The present text is devoted to the analysis of the problems in determining PMSCs’ status and in separating them from such illegal actors as mercenaries, as well as to studying the difficulties associated with the promotion of the UN International Convention on the Regulation, Oversight and Monitoring of Private Military and Security Companies, that arise in the scientific community and within the UN itself. In addition, the article touches upon the problem of privatization of international law and discusses intentions of private military and security industry to privatize specific issues of PMSCs’ regulation. It emphasizes the role of non-state actors that seek ways to participate in and influence the process of international conventional regulation. On the one hand, international legal binding mechanisms aimed at regulation of PMSCs are nagging. On the other hand, current legal norms are imperfect and seem to be inappropriate for the regulation of the fast growing and evolving phenomenon – PMSCs. The combination of states’ and non-state actors’ interests at the international level challenges the system of current conventional mechanisms. Besides, numerous approaches to the identification of the range of inherent governmental functions in military sphere vary from one state to another. Similarly, some PMSCs do not see any conflict with their unclear legal status while others seek ways to come out from the shadows of obscurity and clarify their status within the international law. The article tries to unveil a range of different problems in private security sphere and explain both the complexity of private military and security industry, the ambiguous approaches towards regulation of PMSCs and the challenges the international law faces with the emergence of new non-state military and security phenomenon. Acknowledgments. The article was supported by a grant from the International Studies Institute at MGIMO University, (Project No. 1921-01-07): “New Forms of Strategic Competition of the Great Political Powers in the 21st Century” as part of the “Analysis and Forecasting the Evolution of International Relations in the Context of a Changing Technology” project.
Solving Ordinary Differential Equation Using Parallel Fourth Order Runge-Kutta Method With Three Processors
Authors: Fajri Iman Al , Mesra Hendra , Kusuma Jeffry
Published: May 2021

This paper presents a derivation of the Runge-Kutta or fourth method with six stages suitable for parallel implementation. Development of a parallel model based on the sparsity structure of the fourth type Runge-Kutta which is divided into three processors. The calculation of the parallel computation model and the sequential model from the accurate side shows that the sequential model is better. However, generally, the parallel method will end the analytic solution by increasing the number of iterations. In terms of execution time, parallel method has advantages over sequential method.
Analyzing Two Approaches in Interdisciplinary Research: Individual and Collaborative
Authors: Fujita Masanori , Okudo Takato , Terano Takao , Nagane Hiromi ,   The National Graduate Institute for Policy Studies 7-22-1 Roppongi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 106-8677, Japan,   The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI) 2-1-2 Hitotsubashi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8430, Japan,   Chiba University of Commerce 1-3-1 Konodai, Ichikawa-City, Chiba 272-8512, Japan,   Chiba University 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inageku, Chiba-City, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
Published: May 2021

We propose a method for measuring interdisciplinary research by dividing it into two approaches: interdisciplinary research conducted by individual researchers and interdisciplinary research involving the collaboration of multiple researchers. Using this method, a database of “KAKENHI,” which is a grant-in-aid for scientific research provided by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS), is employed to measure interdisciplinary research from the perspective of the two research approaches, and the features of interdisciplinary research in KAKENHI are analyzed. The analysis results indicate the following: (1) the number of collaborative interdisciplinary research projects is larger than the number of individual interdisciplinary research projects, (2) the number of interdisciplinary research projects for each field and for each combination of fields differs among fields, and (3) the relationship between the numbers of interdisciplinary research projects in the two fields is asymmetric with regard to the main- and sub-fields of interdisciplinary research. As the proposed measurement method is capable of quantitatively measuring interdisciplinarity between fields and their research organizations, it will be useful for decision-makers in science and technology policy and strategy.
Class Imbalanced Fault Diagnosis via Combining K-Means Clustering Algorithm with Generative Adversarial Networks
Authors: Li Huifang ,   School of Automation, Beijing Institute of Technology No.5 Zhongguancun South Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China, Fan Rui , Shi Qisong , Du Zijian
Published: May 2021

Recent advancements in machine learning and communication technologies have enabled new approaches to automated fault diagnosis and detection in industrial systems. Given wide variation in occurrence frequencies of different classes of faults, the class distribution of real-world industrial fault data is usually imbalanced. However, most prior machine learning-based classification methods do not take this imbalance into consideration, and thus tend to be biased toward recognizing the majority classes and result in poor accuracy for minority ones. To solve such problems, we propose a k-means clustering generative adversarial network (KM-GAN)-based fault diagnosis approach able to reduce imbalance in fault data and improve diagnostic accuracy for minority classes. First, we design a new k-means clustering algorithm and GAN-based oversampling method to generate diverse minority-class samples obeying the similar distribution to the original minority data. The k-means clustering algorithm is adopted to divide minority-class samples into k clusters, while a GAN is applied to learn the data distribution of the resulting clusters and generate a given number of minority-class samples as a supplement to the original dataset. Then, we construct a deep neural network (DNN) and deep belief network (DBN)-based heterogeneous ensemble model as a fault classifier to improve generalization, in which DNN and DBN models are trained separately on the resulting dataset, and then the outputs from both are averaged as the final diagnostic result. A series of comparative experiments are conducted to verify the effectiveness of our proposed method, and the experimental results show that our method can improve diagnostic accuracy for minority-class samples.
Fault-Diagnosing Deep-Visual-SLAM for 3D Change Object Detection
Authors: Tanaka Kanji ,   Graduate School of Engineering, University of Fukui 3-9-1 Bunkyo, Fukui, Fukui 910-8507, Japan
Published: May 2021

Although image change detection (ICD) methods provide good detection accuracy for many scenarios, most existing methods rely on place-specific background modeling. The time/space cost for such place-specific models is prohibitive for large-scale scenarios, such as long-term robotic visual simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM). Therefore, we propose a novel ICD framework that is specifically customized for long-term SLAM. This study is inspired by the multi-map-based SLAM framework, where multiple maps can perform mutual diagnosis and hence do not require any explicit background modeling/model. We extend this multi-map-based diagnosis approach to a more generic single-map-based object-level diagnosis framework (i.e., ICD), where the self-localization module of SLAM, which is the change object indicator, can be used in its original form. Furthermore, we consider map diagnosis on a state-of-the-art deep convolutional neural network (DCN)-based SLAM system (instead of on conventional bag-of-words or landmark-based systems), in which the blackbox nature of the DCN complicates the diagnosis problem. Additionally, we consider a three-dimensional point cloud (PC)-based (instead of typical monocular color image-based) SLAM and adopt a state-of-the-art scan context PC descriptor for map diagnosis for the first time.
Migration of an Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion Screw into the Constrictor Muscle of the Hypopharynx
Authors: Dahm James , Nwaudo Darlington , Gooi Zhen , Lee Michael , El Dafrawy Mostafa
Published: May 2021

Case:

A 53-year-old man developed dysphagia 4 years after anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF), and radiographs revealed a dislodged screw anterior to the ACDF plate. Intraoperatively, the screw was found to be completely embedded within the pharyngeal constrictor muscle fibers and was removed with assistance from otolaryngology without injury to the pharyngeal mucosa.

Conclusion:

Implant migration after ACDF can variably damage tracheoesophageal and retropharyngeal structures, and a multidisciplinary approach involving otolaryngology or thoracic surgery may be required to diagnose and treat these complications.