bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cost of depression among adults in England in 2000
Authors: Thomas Christine M. , Morris Stephen
Published: May 2019

Background

The cost of depression in the UK was estimated at £33.5 billion almost: adecade ago. The shift to community-based management for depression alongside the availability of more accurate data have allowed these estimates to be revised.

Aims

To calculate the total cost of depression in adults in England during 2000.

Method

Recorded data on health service use by patients with depression were analysed and the cost of treating patients was calculated. The cost of working life lost was estimated from sickness benefit claims and the number of registered deaths of patients with depression.

Results

The total cost of adult depression was estimated at over £9 billion, of which £370 million represents direct treatment costs. There were 109.7 million working days lost and 2615 deaths due to depression in 2000.

Conclusions

Despite awareness campaigns and the availability of effective treatments, depression remains a considerable burden on both society and the individual, especially in terms of incapacity to work.
Biochemical terrorism: Too awful to contemplate, too serious to ignore
Authors: Alexander David Alan , Klein Susan
Published: May 2019

Background

It is important not to foster unnecessary public anxiety with regard to the risk of a biochemical terrorist incident, but the authorities need to consider their response strategy, particularly with regard to mental health issues.

Aims

To describe the likely effects of a terrorist incident involving biochemical agents and to identify important response issues.

Method

Literature survey.

Results

Observations following conventional terrorist incidents and other major trauma, including biochemical and nuclear accidents, suggest that a biochemical terrorist incident would have widespread public effects. The mental health services should play a major role in designing an effective multi-disciplinary response, particularly with regard to the reduction of public anxiety, identifying at-risk individuals and collaborating with medical and emergency services, as well as providing care for those who develop post-traumatic psychopathology.

Conclusions

We should not feel helpless in the face of a biochemical threat; there is considerable knowledge and experience to be tapped. Awell-designed, well-coordinated and rehearsed strategy based on empirical evidence will do much to reduce public anxiety and increase professional confidence.
Quantitative analysis of sponsorship bias in economic studies of antidepressants
Authors: Baker C. Bruce , Johnsrud Michael T. , Crismon M. Lynn , Rosenheck Robert A. , Woods Scott W.
Published: May 2019

Background

Concern is widespread about potential sponsorship influence on research, especially in pharmacoeconomic studies. Quantitative analysis of possible bias in such studies is limited.

Aims

To determine whether there is an association between sponsorship and quantitative outcomes in pharmacoeconomic studies of antidepressants.

Method

Using all identifiable articles with original comparative quantitative cost or cost-effectiveness outcomes for antidepressants, we performed contingency table analyses of study sponsorship and designv. study outcome.

Results

Studies sponsored by selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSR1) manufacturers favoured SSRIs over tricyclic antidepressants more than non-industry-sponsored studies. Studies sponsored by manufacturers of newer antidepressants favoured these drugs more than did non-industry-sponsored studies. Among industry-sponsored studies, modelling studies favoured the sponsor's drug more than did administrative studies. Industry-sponsored modelling studies were more favourable to industry than were non-industry-sponsored ones.

Conclusions

Pharmacoeconomic studies of antidepressants reveal clear associations of study sponsorship with quantitative outcome.
Work, personality and mental health
Authors: Stansfeld Stephen
Published: May 2019

To be unemployed when you want to be working is indisputably bad for both mental and physical health. Job insecurity too is bad for health (Ferrie et al, 1995). Because work itself can be both hazardous and beneficial to mental health and because most adults spend a lot of their life working, and because the nature of work is potentially modifiable, it is worthwhile gaining a more thorough understanding of the impact of work on mental health.
The Visual Politics of Environmental Justice
Authors: Gabrielson Teena
Published: May 2019

This article examines the visual politics at work in website photographs depicting environmental justice issues in the United States. Based on roughly 580 web-published photos collected from environmental justice organizations, the Environmental Protection Agency, the mainstream media, and traditional environmental organizations in the US, this article examines variations in how the subjects of environmental justice are represented and the potential meaning of these representations for viewers. The article identifies three particular photographic genres that serve as landmarks within the environmental justice visual terrain: the fence-line photo, the portrait, and the protest snapshot. Drawing on the literatures of environmental political theory and black visual culture, I position the photos of contemporary environmental justice within the larger discursive, visual, and political contexts that infuse them with meaning. In interpreting these meanings, I argue that a more inclusive socio-ecological politics requires visual strategies that resist racialized ways of seeing while making visible the injustice of disproportionate environmental impacts on low-income communities and people of color.
The Archive and the Lake
Authors: Tola Miriam
Published: May 2019

Located in the Prenestino neighborhood of Rome, Italy, the former chemical-textile plant Ex-SNIA Viscosa has been a site of labor exploitation, toxicity, and struggle since the 1920s. Comprising postindustrial ruins, an urban lake, and myriad species, the area has been reclaimed by activists engaged in a project of governance from below. This essay begins by exploring how the entwinement of fascist biopolitics and the chemical industry that occurred at the Ex-SNIA from the 1920s to the 1950s affected human and nonhuman bodies. Building on insights from feminist science studies and histories of industrial hazards, the author examines how memories of toxic labor, environmental transformation, and workers’ resistance have been reactivated in the ongoing project of reclaiming the Ex-SNIA and keeping it off-limits from urban speculation. Drawing on archival research, interviews with activists, and sustained attention to the human and nonhuman entities that make up the area, the essay argues that the intimacy with past contestations of labor toxicity is key in the production of the Ex-SNIA as a commons. What has been emerging in Rome, is a cosmopolitical commons that points to the transformation of dominant regimes of property and governance, while also challenging approaches to the commons that rely on the distinction between active human collectives and malleable resources.
Relationship of Foot Strike Pattern and Landing Impacts during a Marathon
Authors: RUDER MATTHEW , JAMISON STEVE T. , TENFORDE ADAM , MULLOY FRANCIS , DAVIS IRENE S.
Published: May 2019

Purpose

Foot strike patterns (FSP) influence landing mechanics, with rearfoot strike (RFS) runners exhibiting higher impact loading than forefoot strike (FFS) runners. The few studies that included midfoot strike (MFS) runners have typically grouped them together with FFS. In addition, most running studies have been conducted in laboratories. Advances in wearable technology now allow the measurement of runners’ mechanics in their natural environment. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between FSP and impacts across a marathon race.

Methods

A total of 222 healthy runners (119 males, 103 females; age, 44.1 ± 10.8 yr) running a marathon race were included. A treadmill assessment was undertaken to determine FSP. An ankle-mounted accelerometer recorded tibial shock (TS) over the course of the marathon. TS was compared between RFS, MFS, and FFS. Correlations between speed and impacts were examined between FSP. TS was also compared at the 10- and 40-km race points.

Results

RFS and MFS runners exhibited similar TS (12.24g ± 3.59g vs 11.82g ± 2.68g, P = 0.46) that was significantly higher (P < 0.001 and P < 0.01, respectively) than FFS runners (9.88g ± 2.51g). In addition, TS increased with speed for both RFS (r = 0.54, P = 0.01) and MFS (r = 0.42, P = 0.02) runners, but not FFS (r = 0.05, P = 0.83). Finally, both speed (P < 0.001) and TS (P < 0.001) were reduced between the 10- and the 40-km race points. However, when normalized for speed, TS was not different (P = 0.84).

Conclusions

RFS and MFS exhibit higher TS than FFS. In addition, RFS and MFS increase TS with speed, whereas FFS do not. These results suggest that the impact loading of MFS is more like RFS than FFS. Finally, TS, when normalized for speed, is similar between the beginning and the end of the race.
On pump harvesting of Left Internal Mammary Artery (LIMA) in unstable patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is a safe operative strategy: A pilot study
Authors: Sher-i-Murtaza Muhammad , Baig Mirza Ahmad Raza
Published: May 2019

Objective: To evaluate the clinical safety of left internal mammary artery (LIMA) harvesting in hemodynamically unstable patients after establishing cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in isolated coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery.

Methods: The prospective observational study was conducted at Chaudhry Pervaiz Elahi Institute of Cardiology, Multan, Pakistan, from December 2016 to August 2018. All patients undergoing isolated CABG surgery in which LIMA conduit was harvested after establishing cardiopulmonary bypass because of hemodynamic instability at induction of anaesthesia or during surgery were included in the study. Preoperative, operative and postoperative characteristics of the patients were recorded. Data was analyzed using SPSS 19.

Results: In Forty nine patients including 39 male and 10 female, early CPB had to be established because of hemodynamic instability and afterwards LIMA was harvested. Out of 49, 30 patients presented with CCS class III angina. 37 (75.5%) patients were scheduled on elective coronary surgery waiting list. There were 39 (79.59%) patients who weaned off bypass on mild inotropic support and 4 (8.16%) patients needed IABP support. All patients had multi-vessel coronary artery disease. Mean number of grafts were 3.428±0.577, CPB time was 110.59±25.594 and hospital stay was 5.367±1.424.

Conclusions: The study showed that LIMA can be safely harvested in unstable patients after establishing extracorporeal circulation and by using this operative strategy in patients who need urgent or emergent surgical coronary revascularization LIMA can be safely used as a conduit.

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.3.988

How to cite this:Sher-i-Murtaza M, Baig MAR. On pump harvesting of Left Internal Mammary Artery (LIMA) in unstable patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is a safe operative strategy: A pilot study. Pak J Med Sci. 2019;35(3):605-608.  doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.3.988

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
MODERNIZATION THE SYSTEM OF BEARING UNITS LUBRICATION OF A TURBO COMPRESSOR OF THE TRACTOR ENGINE
Authors: Галиев Ильгиз , Galiev Ilgiz , Хафизов Камиль , Khafizov Kamil , Халиуллин Фарит , Khaliullin Farit
Published: May 2019

A technically acceptable solution to the problem of increasing power is the use of a supercharger (compressor). This means that the air entering the engine is compressed before it enters the combustion chamber, i.e. the compressor provides the necessary amount of air, sufficient for complete combustion of the increased dose of fuel. Consequently, with the previous working volume of the engine combustion chamber and the same revolutions, we get more power, and the use of a turbocharger is a constructive solution to achieve this goal. However, due to the intensity of the operating mode of the turbochargers with a sharp change in the crankshaft rotation speed and load parameters during operation of the equipment (the rotor speed varies from 30,000 min-1 to 120,000 min-1, the exhaust gas temperature reaches 7500C) it requires effective lubrication of its bearings rotor. In this regard, in the lubrication system of the bearing assembly, a hydroaccumulator of membrane type was structurally provided. The article presents a constructive scheme of the connection of the hydroaccumulator in the lubrication system of the bearing pin of the turbocharger, presents photographs of the experimental setup to confirm the effectiveness of this design solution. The experiment was carried out after the engine stopped, operating at maximum, average and minimum crankshaft speeds, and the rundown time of the turbocharger rotor and pressure drop in the lubrication system of the turbocharger bearing assembly were measured from the moment the engine stopped. It was revealed that the installation of a hydroaccumulator in the lubrication system of the bearing assembly of the turbocharger will ensure the oil feed of the bearings with a sharp reduction in crankshaft rotation during engine overloads, which is confirmed by an increase in the overrun of the turbocharger rotor by 30 ... 40%, while the standard flow and oil pressure remain.
Actualization of Creation of Automated Systems As Tools of Management and Planning at Military-Industrial Complex Enterprises
Authors: Гаврилова И. , Gavrilova I.
Published: May 2019

The first persons of the state are interested in the projects on creation of the latest models of military equipment; however, in the official sources they also mention the upcoming diversification (conversion) of the enterprises of the military-industrial complex (MIC). In the organization of business processes of enterprises are using software that ensure the operation of individual units. Their main drawback is isolation. At the head of the project is the head in the person of the chief (General) designer. As a rule, he is not interested in individual economic or financial issues. Information on the progress of the project should be provided in a comprehensive manner to promptly resolve problematic issues. The article proposes a hierarchy of project management tools based on the principle of «matryoshka dolls».
Actual Problems of Small and Medium Business Financing in the Region
Authors: Резепин А. , Rezepin A.
Published: May 2019

The article deals with the problem of financing of small and medium-sized businesses in the Vologda region. The tendencies of development of small and medium enterprises of the region are defined. Directions of financing of small business for creation of favorable conditions of its development are reflected.
Vegetative Propagation of Piper sarmentosum Roxb.- A Medicinally Important Species
Authors: Arun Waman Ajit , Bohra Pooja , Chakraborty Gayatri
Published: May 2019

Piper sarmentosum Roxb. of the botanical family Piperaceae is distributed in South East Asian countries, including Andaman and Nicobar Islands of India. The species is used in a number of medicinal preparations in various parts of the world. Recent studies have shown the potential of this species as antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-tuberculosis and anti-spasmodical agent. However, the species has not received much attention to its cultivation aspects. The present study deals with standardizing vegetative propagation technique in P. sarmentosum for further utilization. Effect of single, double and triple node stem cuttings along with pre-treatments of indole-3 butyric acid (0, 500 and 1,000 mg/L) was studied. Further, the effect of retention or removal of leaves from stem cutting was also studied on rooting success. Results revealed that stem cuttings with two nodes were optimum for propagation. Use of 1,000 mg/L IBA as pre-treatment helped in improving sprouting percentage and further plant growth. Also, removal of leaves on the cuttings though did not enhance rooting percentage was beneficial for improving the plant growth. To our knowledge, the present study is the first report on the vegetative propagation of this medicinally important species.
O antagonismo entre a ética dos precedentes e o Estado Democrático de Direito
Authors: Reis Mundim Luis Gustavo
Published: May 2019

RESUMO: O presente artigo objetiva apresentar o antagonismo entre a ética dos precedentes e o Estado Democrático de Direito, levando-se em consideração que a construção e interpretação do direito devem ser regidos pelos princípios constitucionais do processo. O procedimento metodológico utilizado consistiu na revisão bibliográfica acerca da ética dos precedentes, das cortes supremas e da processualidade democrática. Foi possível demonstrar que, no Estado Democrático de Direito, a construção dos provimentos deve se dar em espaço processual dialógico-argumentativo a partir do referente-lógico do devido processo que irá possibilitar a compreensão dos precedentes como instituto jurídico processual na democracia.   PALAVRA-CHAVE: Ética. Precedentes. Cortes Supremas. Processualidade Democrática. Devido processo.
DA IMPARCIALIDADE DO JULGADOR À LUZ DO NOVO CÓDIGO DE PROCESSO CIVIL
Authors: Friede Reis
Published: May 2019

O presente artigo analisa a questão inerente à imparcialidade do julgador, debruçando-se, inicialmente, sobre sua disciplina normativa pretérita, examinando os aspectos relativos ao impedimento e à suspeição. Posteriormente, enfoca as principais alterações promovidas pelo Código de Processo Civil de 2015 nestes institutos, destacando os aspectos doutrinários e jurisprudenciais sobre o tema.
Liberdade de imprensa x presunção de inocência: da necessária concordância prática no tribunal do júri
Authors: Januário Túlio Felippe Xavier
Published: May 2019

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar o conflito existente entre a liberdade de imprensa, que é garantida, dentre outras, pelas Constituições vigentes no Brasil e em Portugal, e os direitos e garantias do Acusado, especialmente os da presunção de inocência, do devido processo legal e do juiz imparcial. Para tanto, foi feita a opção de restringir a análise ao âmbito do Tribunal do Júri, instituto no qual, conforme se observará, a problemática supracitada ganha maior evidência, diante das particularidades inerentes ao seu funcionamento e, mais especificamente, aos jurados e seus vereditos. Assim sendo, após breve introdução histórica, será feito um estudo sobre a atual conjuntura do tribunal popular nos ordenamentos jurídicos português e brasileiro e, apresentados os fundamentos da questão em comento, se buscará as possíveis alternativas para sua resolução.
O NOVO CPC E O ENUNCIADO N. 410 DA SÚMULA DO STJ: A INTIMAÇÃO PESSOAL COMO REQUISITO PARA IMPOSIÇÃO DAS ASTREINTES
Authors: Frota Junior Clovis Smith
Published: May 2019

O artigo analisa a importância das astreintes como instrumento de execução indireta de obrigações e a exigência de intimação pessoal da parte como condição para a sua aplicação, nos termos do enunciado n. 410 da Súmula do Superior Tribunal de Justiça. Posteriormente, destaca os entendimentos doutrinários e jurisprudenciais sobre o tema de acordo com o novo Código de Processo Civil de 2015.
MOMENTOS ENTRE O PASSADO E O PRESENTE DO PROCESSO PENAL NO CONTEXTO DO SISTEMA CRIMINAL
Authors: Carvalho Luis Gustavo Grandinetti Castanho de
Published: May 2019

O artigo se propõe a pesquisar momentos históricos que marcaram o processo penal e o processo penal brasileiro para analisar quais tendências conformarão a atuação da justiça criminal no Brasil, no início do século XXI.
Health Monitoring System using Raspberry Pi and IOT
Authors: GANESH E. N.
Published: May 2019

Health Monitoring system using IOT describes the collection and interoperation of Patient data collected from the sensors from the hospitals through IOT Technology. The collected sensor data will support the doctor in the emergency situation for the betterment and improvement of Patient health. The hardware platform to implement the project consists of a sensor and Raspberry Pi 3 Model B equipped in a way to communicate with a doctor through the Internet and Smart Phone. This proposed idea will help doctors to know about the state of patient health and monitor anywhere in the world. In this proposed idea the sensors gather the medical information of the patient that includes patient’s heart rate, blood pressure, and pulse rate Then using the camera the patient is livelily monitored through the Raspberry kit and this information is sent to the Internet and stored in a medical server. The doctor and patient can monitor the patient data from any place of the world through the provided IP server address anytime. The emergency alert is sent to the patient if the sensor value is exceeded by the threshold data. Thus the patient's health parameters are watched lively and regular monitoring through the medical server to a doctor will help to make an effective diagnosis and almost accurate care can be given. The data collected through the IOT will help the patient to recover easily and also enhanced medical care can be given to the patients at a low cost.
Market logic versus social gain logic: Polish government policy towards community-oriented radio stations in the early 1990s
Authors: Doliwa Urszula
Published: May 2019

This article explores the shaping of the broadcasting system in Poland after the overthrow of communism. Private radio stations established in the early 1990s often began operating as spontaneous, illegal, grassroots initiatives where their primary objective was not to make profit, but self-fulfilment of the creators and to serve local communities. The radio teams were driven by social gain logic rather than market logic. This study examines not only cases of such stations but also the policies that affected them. It also explores the public debate on the means by which they should be regulated. Several sources of information were used to maximize the potential of this study, especially documents gathered from the archives of the institutions responsible for the public order in the air, publications from the popular press and interviews with radio station representatives and with decision-makers who influenced the shape of the broadcasting system in Poland.
Light microscopy of mammalian gametes and embryos: methods and applications
Authors: Ajduk Anna , Szkulmowski Maciej
Published: May 2019

In recent years, we have witnessed an unprecedented advancement of light microscopy techniques which has allowed us to better understand biological processes occurring during oogenesis and early embryonic development in mammals. In short, two modes of cellular imaging are now available: those involving fluorescent labels and those which are fluorophore-free. Fluorescence microscopy, in its various forms, is used predominantly in research, as it provides detailed information about cellular processes; however, it can involove an increased risk of photodamage. Fluorophore-free techniques provide, on the other hand, a smaller amount of biological data but they are safer for cells and therefore can be potentially used in a clinical setting. Here, we review various fluorescence and fluorophore-free visualisation approaches and discuss their applicability in developmental biology and reproductive medicine.
Somatic cell nuclear transfer: failures, successes and the challenges ahead
Authors: Czernik Marta , Anzalone Debora A. , Palazzese Luca , Oikawa Mami , Loi Pasqualino
Published: May 2019

Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) has a broad spectrum of potential applications, including rescue of endangered species, production of transgenic animals, drug production, and regenerative medicine. Unfortunately, the efficiency of SCNT is still disappointingly low. Many factors affecting cloning procedures have been described in several previous reviews; here we review the most effective improvements in SCNT, with a special emphasis on the effect of mitochondrial defects on SCNT embryo/ foetus development, an issue never touched upon before.
Mitochondria and lipid metabolism in mammalian oocytes and early embryos
Authors: Bradley Josephine , Swann Karl
Published: May 2019

Mammalian oocytes and early cleavage-stage embryos are critically dependent on their ˜100,000 mitochondria to develop from ovulation to compacted morula stage. They rely almost solely on oxidative phosphorylation of multiple intracellular substrates- namely pyruvate, fatty acids and glutamine- for production of ATP. Increasing evidence exists for the requirement of both fatty acids and pyruvate for mammalian developmental potential. Fatty acids are stored as neutral lipids in lipid droplets, which are liberated into the cytoplasm as free fatty acids and taken up into mitochondria for metabolism. Different mammalian species exhibit different amounts of stored and free lipid, while the types of lipid present tend to remain constant. It is thought that the amount of lipid contained in the oocytes of mammalian species reflects the extent of β-oxidation, but it is unclear why large differences are seen in lipid content. Maternal high fat diet or obesity causes negative intracellular effects such as the ER stress response, and oxidative mitochondrial and DNA damage. While some mechanisms have been established, it is still unclear exactly how high fat leads to compromised oocyte and embryo quality. It is proposed that healthy mammalian oocyte mitochondria require a balance of pyruvate and fatty acid oxidation in order to maintain a low level of otherwise damaging ROS production. This balance is disrupted in conditions of excess or insufficient substrate.
A short history of in vitro fertilization (IVF)
Authors: Johnson Martin H.
Published: May 2019

The history of in vitro fertilization (IVF) in humans from the early attempts in the USA through to the first definitive achievement of IVF by Edwards, Steptoe and Purdy (1969-1978), and the brief period of innovative IVF achievements to Melbourne, Australia, cut short by the passage of restrictive legislation (1979-1984) is recorded. A summary of the key achievements since the mid 1980s is then given. The shameful connotations of engaging in IVF of those esrly days is contrasted with its wide acceptance today, in which IVF is setting the norms for modern families.
Diverse developmental strategies of X chromosome dosage compensation in eutherian mammals
Authors: Shevchenko Alexander I. , Dementyeva Elena V. , Zakharova Irina S. , Zakian Suren M.
Published: May 2019

In eutherian mammals, dosage compensation arose to balance X-linked gene expression between sexes and relatively to autosomal gene expression in the evolution of sex chromosomes. Dosage compensation occurs in early mammalian development and comprises X chromosome upregulation and inactivation that are tightly coordinated epigenetic processes. Despite a uniform principle of dosage compensation, mechanisms of X chromosome inactivation and upregulation demonstrate a significant variability depending on sex, developmental stage, cell type, individual, and mammalian species. The review focuses on relationships between X chromosome inactivation and upregulation in mammalian early development.
Test-tube embryos - mouse and human development in vitro to blastocyst stage and beyond
Authors: Govindasamy Niraimathi , Duethorn Binyamin , Oezgueldez Hatice O. , Kim Yung S. , Bedzhov Ivan
Published: May 2019

Mammalian embryogenesis is intrauterine and depends on support from the maternal environment. Therefore, in order to directly study and manipulate early mouse and human embryos, fine-tuned culture conditions have to be provided to maintain embryo growth in vitro. Over time, the establishment and implementation of embryo culture methods have come a long way, initially enabling the development of few pre-implantation stages, expanding later to support in vitro embryogenesis from fertilization until blastocyst and even ex utero development beyond the implantation stages. Designing culture conditions that enable near physiological development of early embryos without maternal input, especially during the peri- and post-implantation stages, requires overcoming numerous experimental challenges, and it is still far from optimal. Nevertheless, embryo culture methods are an essential cornerstone of both assisted reproductive technologies and basic research, and these methods provide a platform to understand life’s greatest miracle – the development of a new organism.
Early mammalian development: from basic research to the clinic
Authors: Suwińska Aneta , Ajduk Anna
Published: May 2019

Preimplantation embryonic development lays the foundations for the future individual. Fertilization, cleavage, differentiation of the first embryonic cell lineages and implantation of the embryo into the maternal uterus are absolutely critical for proper embryogenesis. Solving unanswered questions as well as creating new ideas and theories constitute the main axis of the basic research, which is driven by the curiosity of scientists and their desire to explore the unknown. We researchers have been exploring the development of mammalian embryos for decades, searching for the answer to the most fundamental question in the whole area of biology: how a complex organism derives from a single totipotent cell, a zygote. Due to obvious ethical concerns, animals, such as mice and, currently more and more often, cattle, pigs and rabbits, have become useful models for studying human embryonic development. Unprecedented advancement in cell and molecular biology techniques witnessed in the last years allows us to deepen our understanding of mammalian embryonic development.
Enucleolation and nucleolus transfer in mammalian oocytes and zygotes
Authors: Benc Michal , Fulka Josef Jr. , Strejček František , Morovič Martin , Murín Matej , Martínková Stanislava , Jettmarová Dominika , Laurinčík Jozef
Published: May 2019

The oocyte GV/GVs (germinal vesicle/germinal vesicles) and zygot PN/PNs (pronucleus/pronuclei) of some mammals contain clearly visible nucleoli which exhibit an atypical morphological structure. These nucleoli (NCLs) can be relatively easily manipulated, i.e. removed from GVs/PNs or eventually transferred into another oocyte/zygote. Thus, with the help of micromanipulation techniques it was possible to uncover the real function(s) they play in processes of oocyte maturation and early embryonic development. The purpose of our review is to describe briefly the micromanipulation techniques that can be used for oocyte/zygote nucleoli manipulation. Moreover, we present some examples of results that were obtained in nucleolus manipulation experiments.
SIMULATIOM BASED EDUCATION AS TOOL IN EMERGENCY MEDICINE: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Authors: Bernardo Gabriel Pereira , Bernardo Lorena Pereira , Barbosa Maria Mirelle Ferreira Leite , Nascimento Tarcia Januário do , Queiroz Nathália Lindsay Pereira de , Pezzi Lúcia Helena Antunes , Araúlo Sérgio De , Batista Hermes Melo Teixeira
Published: May 2019

INTRODUCTION: Realistic simulation is increasingly present in academic curricula. The traditional method of teaching is being gradually replaced by new methodological approaches, which reliably reproduce real situations and produce technical knowledge and skills in medical students in the medical emergency.Realistic simulation is increasingly present in the academic curriculum. The traditional method of teaching is being gradually replaced by new methodological approaches, which reliably reproduce real situations and produce technical knowledge and skills in medical students in the medical emergency. The aim of this study was to carry out a systematic review of articles on realistic simulation as an educational tool in emergency medicine. A systematic review of articles on realistic simulation as an educational tool in emergency medicine, published in the corresponding period from January 1th, 2014 to October 28, 2018, was carried out in the SCOPUS database. The keywords were "simulation training", "medical students" and "emergency medicine". The research strategy resulted in 124 references. After the search for the title and summary of the citations considered for eligibility based on the inclusion criteria of the study, 106 articles were excluded, and 18 articles were retrieved and included in the final sample. The studies were distributed in 5 categories to better systematic review of the organizational quality, they are: Realistic simulation associated with the ultrasonography in the emergency; Realistic simulation and electronic devices; The effectiveness of realistic simulation in resource optimization; Impact of simulated training on student confidence; Realistic simulation as a tool in the development of skills and knowledge. This study presents the main aspects of realistic simulation as an educational tool in emergency medicine. It can be concluded that this new teaching approach has several benefits for students to learn, such as: stimulating students in the learning process, retaining technical skills in procedures, providing a safe environment for users to repeat optimization of time and financial resources.Keywords: realistic simulation, emergency medicine, educational, systematic review
THE LONELINESS OF THE “WILD HEART”: CONSIDERATIONS ABOUT THE PSYCHIC PAIN IN THE WORK OF CLARICE LISPECTOR
Authors: Feitosa Pedro Walisson Gomes , Aragão Mariana Oliveira , Cunha Pedro Lourenzo Oliveira , Caraca Heloísa Fernandes , Oliveira Fabio Gomes de , Grangeiro Yasmin De Alencar , Rolim Neto Modesto Leite
Published: May 2019

Abstract: The book ‘Near to The Wild Heart’ was the first novel of the writer Clarice Lispector, it tells the story of Joana, a character that since childhood shows herself provocative, questioner and uncertain of self and from the own world. Lispector’s character reveals, since the first phrases from the book, a suffering for something that her own can’t understand. A silent and constant pain. It remained for the character, in the meantime, to wait. We seek to analyze the descriptions about the suffering of the character, associating with the psychosocial representation of the woman in the work of Clarice as a representative of The Generation of 45. This article followed a method of documentary analysis, using, in addition to Lispector’s masterpiece, bibliographic studies related to the themes of the research. The character Joana faces a discomfort of imprecise location and undefined location. Yet, a suffering that transgress in time. A wild time is drawn in the work, in which Joana lives in streams of events.  The work is a rupture of linearity. The childhood wouldn’t be only a memory of the character, but the own present alive. We highlight as a latent difficulty the reduced amount of research in this methodological line that could contribute to the inferences about the literary work of Lispector. Certainly Joana faces a process until then unrecognizable in Brazilian literature: the pain of the lack of the “I”. Knowing that something is missing and awaiting the revelation of this lack in silence, reverberates in the character a psychic pain. Keywords: Clarice Lispector, Literature, Psychology, Mental health.
Synthesis and morphological characterization of Polycaprolactone (PCL) membranes with tara extract (Caesalpinia spinosa)
Authors: Silva Jhenifer Rodrigues , Sato Tabata Prado , Borges Alexandre Luiz Souto
Published: May 2019

Objective: This study aimed the synthesis and morphological characterization of PCL electrospun fibers containing tara extract. Material and Methods: For this, tara extract synthesis was performed by two different extraction methods: rotary evaporator and extractor soxhlet. Then, two solutions were prepared by dissolving 3g of PCL in 2mL of Acetone. The first solution used 0.4 mL tara extract obtained by RE and the second solution used 0.4 mL tara extract obtained by SE. After the solutions electrospinning, under different parameters, obtaining It was obtained the experimental groups: ChTa 1 nanofibers with RE extract, under 12 Kv; ChTa 2 nanofibers with RE extract, under 15 Kv; ChTa 3 nanofibers with ES extract, under 12Kv and ChTa 4 nanofibers with ES extract, under 15kV. Scanning electron micrographs were performed for morphological analysis. Results: Fiber formation was observed for all parameters. About the fiber diameter: ChTa 1 presented a mean of 0.82 ± 0.36?m, ChTa 2 1.232 ±0471?m, ChTa 3 1.469 ± 0.614?m and ChTa 4 1.017 ± 0.417. Also the beads formation was analyzed: ChTa 1 group presented 8 beads, ChTa 2 presented 5, ChTa 3 presented 30 and ChTa 4 presented 15 beads. Conclusion: It can be concluded that it is possible to obtain an effective synthesis of electrospun membranes of PCL and Caesalpinia spinosa extract, indicating a potential of therapeutic application for lesions such as prosthetic stomatitis.KeywordsCandidiasis; Nanofibers; Tannins.
Evaluation of the golden proportion and golden standard of maxillary anterior teeth in relation to smile attractiveness
Authors: Swileh Marwan Ahmed , Abuaffan Amal Hussein , Alhajj Mohammed Nasser
Published: May 2019

Objective: The present study aimed to explore the existence of golden proportion (GP) between the widths of maxillary anterior teeth and golden standard (GS) for width to height ratio of maxillary central incisor in individuals with attractive and non-attractive smiles. Material and Methods: A total 82 females were recruited and divided into 2 groups: attractive smile (n=41) and non-attractive smile (n=41). Frontal photographs were taken, scanned, and saved in a personal computer. The apparent mesiodistal width of each anterior tooth was measured. The data were analyzed using the appropriate statistical tests at a P-value of <0.05. Results: Frequency of GP was very low among the total sample, and most proportions were higher than GP. No significant differences were found between both groups in relation to central-to-lateral ratio while, significant differences were found in relation to canine-to-lateral ratio. Similarly, most proportions of width to height ratio were higher than GS. Differences between groups were significant for the left side and for both sides (P<0.05) but was not for the right side (P>0.05). Conclusion: Frequency of the golden proportion was very low among the study population. Smile attractiveness was not greatly related to the proportions between the teeth. KeywordsGolden proportion; Golden standard; Attractive smile; Esthetic; Anterior teeth.
Dentists’ Preferences in the Treatment of Congenitally Missing Maxillary Lateral Incisors
Authors: Abdulrahman Nuha Abdulazeem Mohammed , Khalifa Nadia , Alhajj Mohammed Nasser
Published: May 2019

Objective: Congenitally missing maxillary lateral incisors present challenges to dentists in terms of treatment planning and can negatively affect aesthetics and function in patients. The aim of the present study was to determine the preferred treatment approach of dentists with different specialties. Material and Methods: We carried out a descriptive, cross-sectional study using a questionnaire that was self-administered to 12 specialists in removable prosthodontics, 18 specialists in restorative dentistry, 14 specialists in orthodontics, and 173 registered general dentists.  Results: General practitioners (72.7%), prosthodontists (92.9%) and, restorative dentists (80%) preferred prosthodontic replacement of missing maxillary lateral incisors, while orthodontists (57.1%) preferred canine substitution. Most general practitioners (62.7%), prosthodontists (71.4%), and orthodontists (92.9%), as well as many restorative specialists (40%), preferred implant-retained crowns for prosthetic replacement of missing lateral incisors. The dental specialties differed significantly in terms of their preferred modalities for treating children over the age of 12 years. General practitioners (56%) preferred removable partial dentures (RPDs), while a mere 17.2% preferred to carry out no treatment. All prosthodontists (100%) preferred treatment with RPDs. Restorative dentists preferred RPDs and adhesive bridges in equal number (33.3% in each case). Fifty percent of orthodontists treating children with missing lateral incisors preferred RPDs, followed by (28.6%) who preferred canine substitution. Conclusion: Preference varied for several reasons among dentists’ treating both adults and children over 12 years of age. KeywordsMaxillary missing teeth; Dentist's preference; Teeth replacement; Dental implant.
Effect of aluminum oxide sandblasting, plasma application and their combination on the bond strength of resin cement to zirconia ceramics
Authors: Mendonça Beatriz Curvello de , Negreiros William Matthew , Giannini Marcelo
Published: May 2019

Objective: to evaluate the effect of aluminum oxide sandblasting (AOS), argon plasma application (APL) and their combination (AOS+APL) on the shear bond strength (SBS) of dual-cure resin cement (Panavia F 2.0, Kuraray Noritake) to two zirconiabased ceramics (Lava, 3M ESPE and Katana, Kuraray Noritake). Material and Methods: One hundred twenty zirconia plates (13 mm in length X 5 mm in width X 1 mm in thickness) were prepared and treated according to the following treatments: 1- AOS, 2- APL,3- AOS+APL and 4- no treatment (control). After treatments, resin cement cylinders (1.4 mm in diameter x 1 mm in height) bonded to zirconia surface were obtained by filling up the silicon matrix. The shear bond test was performed following storage of the samples for 24 hours and one year. Bond strength values were recorded in MPa and the data were analyzed by three-way ANOVA and Tukey post-hoc test (preset alpha of 0.05). Results: In general, AOS and AOS+APL showed the higher SBS. After one-year storage, SBS of the resin cement to the Katana zirconia did not reduce, regardless of the zirconia surface treatment. Conclusion: AOS alone was able to increase the SBS of the resin cement to both zirconia ceramics compared to control and SBS remained stable after one year depending on type of zirconia ceramic.KeywordsAluminum Oxide; Ceramics; Plasma; Resin Cements
Serum Protein Biomarkers of Fibrosis Aid in Risk Stratification of Future Stricturing Complications in Pediatric Crohn's Disease
Authors: Wu Jing , Lubman David M. , Kugathasan Subra , Denson Lee A. , Hyams Jeffrey S. , Dubinsky Marla C. , Griffiths Anne M. , Baldassano Robert N. , Noe Joshua D. , Rabizadeh Shervin , Gulati Ajay S. , Rosh Joel R. , Crandall Wallace V. , Higgins Peter D.R. , Stidham Ryan W.
Published: May 2019

OBJECTIVES:

Avoiding fibrostenotic complications is of paramount concern in the management of Crohn's disease (CD). We sought to investigate the association of candidate biomarkers of fibrosis collected at diagnosis with the future development of fibrostenotic CD.

METHODS:

Using the Risk Stratification and Identification of Immunogenetic and Microbial Markers of Rapid Disease Progression in Children with Crohn's Disease cohort, a multicenter prospective observational pediatric inception cohort, subjects with an inflammatory phenotype (B1) at diagnosis who later converted to a stricturing phenotype (B2) within 3 years were compared with those who remained B1. Serum collected at diagnosis underwent both parallel reaction monitoring–targeted proteomic analysis and conventional enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for 10 candidate biomarkers of intestinal fibrosis. Cox proportional hazard regression was used for multivariable analysis of time-dependent outcomes.

RESULTS:

In 116 subjects 58 subjects with verified B1 phenotype at diagnosis who later converted to B2 disease were compared with 58 subjects who remained B1 over 3 years of follow-up. Extracellular matrix protein 1 (ECM1) levels in the upper quartile (hazard ratio [HR] 3.43, 95% confidence limit [CL] 1.33, 8.42) were associated with future fibrostenotic disease. ASCA IgA (HR 4.99, 95% CL 1.50, 16.68) and CBir levels (HR 5.19, 95% CL 1.83, 14.74) were also associated with future intestinal fibrostenosis, although ECM1 continued to demonstrate independent association with conversion to B2 even with adjustment for serologies in multivariable analysis (HR 5.33, 95% CL 1.29, 22.13).

CONCLUSIONS:

ECM1 and other biomarkers of fibrosis may aid in determining the risk of uncomplicated inflammatory disease converting to B2 stricturing phenotypes in children with CD. Prospective validation studies to verify test performance and optimize clinical utilization are needed before clinical implementation.
Fabricar un cuadernillo: uso y gestión didáctica de artefactos soporte de escrituras e imágenes
Authors: Falconi Octavio
Published: May 2019

Tomando como unidad de análisis las clasesde Ernestina, profesora de Geografía en el 3er. añodel Ciclo Básico de una escuela secundaria estatal enCórdoba, Argentina, se identifican determinadas prácticasescolares y recursos materiales, componentes deun dispositivo didáctico–pedagógico, con los cuales losprofesores desempeñan su tarea con los estudiantes,(2)particularmente en actividades que requieren realizarciertas maneras de leer y escribir. El propósito consisteen hacer una contribución a la comprensión del trabajode enseñar desde una perspectiva socioantropológicasobre las construcciones metodológicas y las propiedadesy los usos de artefactos didácticos «ordinarios»,soportes de escritura, construidos histórica y cotidianamentepor los colectivos docentes. Asimismo, se proponecomo un aporte a los estudios de los dispositivos didáctico–pedagógicos que hacen posible trabajar con losnuevos grupos de estudiantes provenientes de sectoressociales desfavorecidos, que se han incorporado al nivelmedio debido al proceso de obligatoriedad en Argentina.
O trabalho docente como elemento fundamental na garantia do direito à educação
Authors: ANTUNES KASPER SAMANTA , PORTELA RINALDI RENATA
Published: May 2019

O estudo parte do princípio de que discutireducação é discutir trabalho docente. A educação,considerada como direito humano fundamental e contempladana legislação nacional e internacional é marcadapela distância entre o direito instituído e o direitoefetivado. Para que a implementação do direito social àeducação seja garantida é necessário considerar o trabalhodo professor, haja vista que ele é um dos principaisagentes educacionais. Assim, nosso artigo dedica-se aotema do trabalho docente enfatizando o mal-estar presenteno exercício profissional do magistério. Os resultadosapontam que os fatores que geram o mal-estardocente dividem-se em alta, média e baixa frequência.No que se refere aos fatores de alta frequência destaca-se o desprestígio/ desvalorização social e os baixossalários. No que tange aos fatores que apareceram comfrequência média evidencia-se a escassez de recursose o descaso da família dos alunos. Entre os fatores quecompareceram em menores números sobressaem osproblemas de aprendizagem, a autoculpabilização e afalta de autonomia. Observou-se que esses elementostrazem inúmeras implicações sobre o trabalho dos professorese que apesar de o mal-estar docente ocuparregularidade entre as análises nas pesquisas educacionais,o mesmo ainda é uma realidade frequente.