bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mineralogical Evolution of Di- and Trioctahedral Smectites in Highly Alkaline Environments
Authors: Elert Kerstin , Pardo Eduardo Sebastián , Rodriguez-Navarro Carlos
Published: February 2016

The mineralogical evolution of di- and trioctahedral smectites (i.e. montmorillonite and saponite) exposed to high-pH environments has been studied to determine the influence of compositional differences on clay dissolution and the formation of new phases. The present study helps to gauge the effects of highly alkaline solutions on the swelling capacity of smectitic clays and experimental results are extrapolated to predict the behavior of smectite-rich soils in various technical applications such as nuclear-waste storage and architectural conservation. The present study revealed extensive dissolution of montmorillonite in 5 M NaOH or 5 M KOH solutions and the neoformation of various zeolites, thereby reducing the clay’s swelling capacity significantly. Saponite, in contrast, experienced less pronounced changes, including transformation into a randomly interstratified saponite-chlorite and a Si-rich amorphous phase. These changes only provoked a partial reduction in swelling capacity. The results imply that under repository conditions (e.g. alkaline environment caused by hyperalkaline fluids released during concrete leaching), the slow and limited transformation of saponite into corrensite-type minerals would be beneficial for preserving the clay’s swelling capacity and, therefore, its effectiveness as a sealing material. Conversely, the loss of swelling capacity as a result of zeolite formation in montmorillonite observed in the present experiments would limit the clay’s effectiveness as a sealing material in waste repositories. In the case of earthen architecture conservation, alkaline consolidation treatments aimed at reducing the soils’ swelling capacity and, thereby, improving water resistance, would only be effective for treating earthen structures made of soils rich in dioctahedral smectites. Soils containing trioctahedral smectites, in contrast, are not likely to improve their water resistance because the swelling capacity will only be partially reduced.
Formation and Restacking of Disordered Smectite Osmotic Hydrates
Authors: Gilbert Benjamin , Comolli Luis R. , Tinnacher Ruth M. , Kunz Martin , Banfield Jillian F.
Published: February 2016

Clay swelling, an important phenomenon in natural systems, can dramatically affect the properties of soils and sediments. Of particular interest in low-salinity, saturated systems are osmotic hydrates, forms of smectite in which the layer separation greatly exceeds the thickness of a single smectite layer due to the intercalation of water. In situ X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies have shown a strong link between ionic strength and average interlayer spacing in osmotic hydrates but also indicate the presence of structural disorder that has not been fully described. In the present study the structural state of expanded smectite in sodium chloride solutions was investigated by combining very low electron dose, high-resolution cryogenic-transmission electron microscopy observations with XRD experiments. Wyoming smectite (SWy-2) was embedded in vitreous ice to evaluate clay structure in aqua. Lattice-fringe images showed that smectite equilibrated in aqueous, low-ionic-strength solutions, exists as individual smectite layers, osmotic hydrates composed of parallel layers, as well as disordered layer conformations. No evidence was found here for edge-to-sheet attractions, but significant variability in interlayer spacing was observed. Whether this variation could be explained by a dependence of the magnitude of long-range cohesive (van der Waals) forces on the number of layers in a smectite particle was investigated here. Calculations of the Hamaker constant for layer-layer interactions showed that van der Waals forces may span at least five layers plus the intervening water and confirmed that forces vary with layer number. Drying of the disordered osmotic hydrates induced re-aggregation of the smectite to form particles that exhibited coherent scattering domains. Clay disaggregation and restacking may be considered as an example of oriented attachment, with the unusual distinction that it may be cycled repeatedly by changing solution conditions.
Remembering 1812 in the 1840s: John Richardson and the Writing of the War
Authors: Morgan Cecilia
Published: February 2016

Soldier, traveller, writer, and journalist John Richardson’s 1840 history of the War of 1812, along with his novel, The Canadian Brothers, also published in 1840, were some of the first written efforts by Upper Canadians to craft histories of the conflict. Richardson drew heavily on his own experiences as a young soldier during this time, mixing autobi­ ography and documentary sources to craft his history; he also drew on his childhood in the Windsor-Detroit area for his novel. His work drew attention to the conflict in the southwestern area of the colony, a region at times overlooked in the War’s public memory in favour of the Niagara peninsula. Richardson’s accounts of the War of 1812 are notable for a number of reasons. Richardson himself was a highly mobile figure in the imperial and transatlantic world of the British military: his writings are part of the context of broader discussions of the Napoleonic Wars. Equally importantly, Richardson’s­ work highlights the effects of war on men’s bodies and their deployment in wartime struggle. His history and novel tell us much about discourses of masculinity in wartime, both European and Indigenous.
Microbiological and physicochemical properties of commercial seal tampered refrigerated fruit juices
Authors: Oluwole Olusola , David Oluwole , Falegan Christopher , Awojuyigbe Biodun , Olajide Olatunji
Published: February 2016

Microbial and physicochemical properties of seven branded, seal tampered refrigerated fruit juices were carried out in this study using standard methods. Coliform counts ranged from 2.079 to3.093 log10cfu/ml over the storage period with pineapple juice and citrus juice having the highest and least coliform count respectively. Total bacteria count in the juice ranged from 7.009 to 8.243 log10cfu/ml. Citrus fruit juice however had the highest staphylococcal count while pineapple juice had the least (2.344 to 3.881log10cfu/ml). Also, osmophilic yeast count ranged from 2.017 to 3.903log10cfu/ml, having the highest load in orange fruit juice and lowest load in citrus fruit juice. The pH of the juice samples ranged from 2.9 to 4.2 during the period of refrigeration. Conductivity was highest in apple fruit juice and lowest in orange nectar pulp fruit juice. The total dissolved solids ranged from 0.29 to 1.95 over storage and was recorded highest in apple juice and lowest in orange nectar pulp fruit juice. Turbidity ranged from 5.8-200. These results indicate a reduction in the quality of fruit juices after 5 days of opening and thus reveals that both spoilage and pathogenic organisms could proliferate in juices despite refrigeration.
Techniques for a Wind Energy System Integration with an Islanded Microgrid
Authors: Goyal Megha , Fan Yuanyuan , Ghosh Arindam , Shahnia Farhad
Published: February 2016

This paper presents two different techniques of a wind energy conversion system (WECS) integration with an islanded microgrid (MG). The islanded microgrid operates in a frequency droop control where its frequency can vary around 50 Hz. The permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) based variable speed WECS is considered, which converts wind energy to a low frequency ac power. Therefore it needs to be connected to the microgrid through a back to back (B2B) converter system. One way of interconnection is to synchronize the MG side converter with the MG bus at which it is connected. In this case, this converter runs at the MG frequency. The other approach is to bring back the MG frequency to 50 Hz using the isochronization concept. In this case, the MG side converter operates at 50 Hz. Both these techniques are developed in this paper. The proposed techniques are validated through extensive PSCAD/EMTDC simulation studies.
Self-Translation, Literary Creativity, and Trans-Lingual Aesthetics: A Québec Writer’s Perspective
Authors: Gagnon Daniel
Published: February 2016

Self-translation and bilingual writing are drawing increasing critical attention in literary and translation studies. Bilingual writing can cover a wide range of phenomena involving varying degrees of bilingualism. Scholarly focus has been on emigrant, expatriate or exiled writers and more recently, on bilingual writers writing in a post-colonial context, using the acquired language of the colonizer. The emphasis has been on the cultural and political power inequalities between languages. Self-translation has also been seen from the broader, ontological point of view as a form of double representation of the writing self. My own experience in the particular cultural geography of a bi-national, multicultural country such as Canada offers a different context for reflecting on self-translation and bilingual writing, or what I prefer to call “cross-writing,” based on the fundamental cross-cultural communicative aesthetics underlying my specific writing and self-translation process.
Shakespeare, the Ekphrastic Translator
Authors: Brînzeu Pia
Published: February 2016

In The Rape of Lucrece, the Shakespearean heroine admires a wall-painting illustrating a scene from the Trojan War. The two hundred lines of the poem in which Lucrece describes the ancient characters involved in the war represent a remarkable piece of ekphrastic transposition. It produces a vivid effect in the poem’s narrative, draws attention to the power of ekphrasis in guiding the reader’s interpretation, and represents an unrivalled example of embedded ekphrasis, unique in Renaissance poetry.
Crystal structure of N′-(adamantan-2-ylidene)pyridine-3-carbohydrazide, C16H19N3O
Authors: Al-Tamimi Abdul-Malek S. , Ghabbour Hazem A. , El-Emam Ali A.
Published: February 2016

C16H19N3O, orthorhombic, Pna21 (no. 33), a = 8.0381(5) Å, b = 10.4499(8) Å, c = 17.1228(13) Å, V = 438.27(18) Å, Z = 4, R
gt
(F) = 0.0499, wR
ref
(F
2
) = 0.1105, T = 100 K.
MEMS-based micro-Coriolis technology for high precision density measurement
Authors: Huber Christof
Published: February 2016

Endress+Hauser has a long history of developing and producing
flowmeters of various measurement technologies for the scope of
process and product control in a variety of applications and
industries. One of the most important flow measurement technologies in
the last decades was the vibrating tube flowmeters based on the
Coriolis measuring principle. An advantage of Coriolis flowmeters is
the fact that they measure direct mass flow rate. Furthermore, by
using the resonating tube frequency information, density and viscosity
of a fluid can be deduced. Coriolis flowmeters exist in a lot of
different shapes and styles, typically having metal flow tubes
e. g. from stainless steel, titanium, zirconium or tantalum. The
nominal flow rates range from about 1 g/h to
4000 t/h corresponding to line sizes from 0.2 mm
up to 350 mm. In recent years different groups have worked
on the adaptation and implementation of the Coriolis measuring
principle in a MEMS (Micro Electro Mechanical System) sensor by
etching a micro tube structure from a silicon wafer. Such micro
machined silicon based Coriolis sensor chips open a new field of
applications for the Coriolis measuring principle. Here we present the
work of Endress+Hauser on the field of MEMS based Micro-Coriolis
Sensors and explore potential applications of this new technology,
e. g. for very accurate liquid and gas density measurements and
concentration determination.
Unidirectional Excitation of Graphene Plasmon in Attenuated Total Reflection (ATR) Configuration
Authors: Dai Wei , Wu Yue-Chao , Liu Fang-Li
Published: February 2016

Graphene plasmon has been attracting interests from both theoretical and experimental research due to its gate tunability and potential applications in the terahertz frequency range. Here, we propose an effective scheme to unidirectionally excite the graphene plasmon by exploiting magneto-optical materials in the famous attenuated total reflection (ATR) configuration. We show that the graphene plasmon dispersion relation in such a device is asymmetric in different exciting directions, thus making it possible to couple the incident light unidirectionally to the propagating plasmon. The split of absorption spectrum of graphene clearly indicates that under a magnetic field for one single frequency, graphene plasmon can only be excited in one direction. The possible gate tunablity of excitation direction and the further application of the proposed scheme, such as optical isolator, also are discussed.
Gender Preference? National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I Student-Athletes and Strength and Conditioning Coaches
Authors: Shuman Kristin M. , Appleby Karen M.
Published: February 2016

Shuman, KM and Appleby, KM. Gender Preference? National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I Student-Athletes and Strength and Conditioning Coaches. J Strength Cond Res 30(10): 2924–2933, 2016—The purpose of this study was to examine the preferences and attitudes of National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I (DI) junior and senior class student-athletes toward the gender of their strength and conditioning coach (SCC). This study contributes to the empirical body of literature regarding student-athlete and strength and conditioning coach interaction specific to gender-related information and extends the efforts to increase student-athlete success. A qualitative framework was used for this study. Semistructured interviews were conducted with 10 NCAA DI junior or senior class student-athletes who had been exposed to and coached by both a male and a female SCC. The results of this study concluded that, in general, participants did not have a specific gender preference for their SCC. However, participants indicated a preference for a coaching leadership style, which conveyed (a) leadership ability, (b) professionalism, (c) trust and respect, (d) support, (e) dependability, (f) positive relationship, and (g) personality.
Ebola Epidemic: Using Current Events to Teach Authentic Inquiry Science
Authors: Darwiche Houda , Bokor Julie R.
Published: February 2016

First reported in March 2014, the Ebola virus disease (EVD) outbreak in West Africa has now claimed more lives than all other known EVD outbreaks combined, making it the deadliest occurrence of the disease since it was first discovered nearly 40 years ago. In hopes of turning the outbreak into something positive from an educational standpoint, a module was developed focusing on EVD, infectious disease, and epidemiology. The module engages students in a series of inquiry-based lessons, providing accurate and up-to-date information on the current outbreak of EVD in West Africa. The lessons also serve to correct popular misconceptions about the disease. The lessons include a jigsaw WebQuest using resources from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, a simulation based on fluid exchange to model the spread of an outbreak of infectious disease, and a “disease detective”–style mapping activity based on published data outlining the start of the current EVD outbreak in Guinea.
When Chinese Masks Meet Phylogenetics
Authors: Russo Claudia A. M. , Aguiar Bárbara , Voloch Carolina M. , Selvatti Alexandre P.
Published: February 2016

Phylogenetics has a central role in the biological sciences. We suggest a hands-on exercise to demonstrate the task of character coding and its importance in phylogenetic systematics. This exercise is appropriate for undergraduate students in life sciences and related courses. The teacher must provide a single group of masks in which color patterns, textures, and formats provide the characters to fill the data matrix. (The masks could be replaced by a set of other complex objects.) In this case, because there is no actual phylogeny, students will not be concerned with recovering the correct topology. Character coding is the aim of the exercise. After the character matrix is completed, a phylogenetic tree is drawn and the students interpret the evolution of a single character, starting from the common ancestor, based on the topological pattern of the tree and on the data matrix. In sequence, the students name and provide a full diagnosis for the group of masks as revealed by the topological pattern. The comparison between group results is also educational: there will be some common patterns between trees, but others will differ as in biological systematics.
Deconstructing a Popular Science Book: Fresh Take on the Book Report
Authors: Prud'homme-Généreux Annie
Published: February 2016

Freshman students are instructed to read a popular science book related to the topic of the course and produce an outline of the work. To achieve this, they must identify the author's thesis and the arguments brought forth in support of the thesis. This analysis is done for the whole book and is repeated for every chapter. This exercise develops the ability to grasp how experiments serve as evidence in scientific discourse. This gives students the tools to read popular science books critically. Given the ease of access to this type of resource, this assignment may develop lifelong skills for scientifically informed citizens.
Replication Rhumba & Translation Tango: Active Learning Exercises for Introductory Biology
Authors: Voltzow Janice
Published: February 2016

Active learning exercises can help students understand and remember complex, three-dimensional processes. By modeling molecular processes with their bodies, students gain an appreciation for the three-dimensional nature of these processes and the physical sequence of events that constitute them. The exercises presented here focus on DNA replication and the translation of mRNA into amino acid sequences, multistep processes that require specific series of events. The exercises help students appreciate the spatial and temporal frameworks of these essential cellular functions. They can be incorporated into classes when these concepts are introduced or used as review exercises for exams.
Autoimmune alternating hyper- and hypo-thyroidism: a rare condition in pediatrics
Authors: Martins Luísa Correia , Coutinho Ana Rita , Jerónimo Mónica , Caetano Joana Serra , Cardoso Rita , Dinis Isabel , Mirante Alice
Published: February 2016

Alternating between hyper- and hypo-thyroidism may be explained by the simultaneous presence of both types of TSH receptor autoantibodies (TRAbs) – thyroid stimulating autoantibodies (TSAbs) and TSH blocking autoantibodies (TBAbs). It is a very rare condition, particulary in the pediatric age. The clinical state of these patients is determined by the balance between TSAbs and TBAbs and can change over time. Many mechanisms may be involved in fluctuating thyroid function: hormonal supplementation, antithyroid drugs and levels of TSAbs and TBAbs. Frequent dose adjustments are needed in order to achieve euthyroidism. A definitive therapy may be necessary to avoid switches in thyroid function and frequent need of therapeutic changes. We describe an immune-mediated case of oscillating thyroid function in a 13-year-old adolescent. After a short period of levothyroxine treatment, the patient switched to a hyperthyroid state that was only controlled by adding an antithyroid drug.

Learning points

Autoimmune alternating hypo- and hyper-thyroidism is a highly uncommon condition in the pediatric age.

It may be due to the simultaneous presence of both TSAbs and TBAbs, whose activity may be estimated in vitro through bioassays.

The clinical state of these patients is determined by the balance between TSAbs and TBAbs and can change over time.

The management of this condition is challenging, and three therapeutic options could be considered: I-131 ablation, thyroidectomy or pharmacological treatment (single or double therapy).

Therapeutic decisions should be taken according to clinical manifestations and thyroid function tests, independent of the bioassays results.

A definitive treatment might be considered due to the frequent switches in thyroid function and the need for close monitoring of pharmacological treatment. A definitive treatment might be considered due to the frequent switches in thyroid function and the need for close monitoring of pharmacological treatment.
BCL2-modifying factor promotes germ cell loss during murine oogenesis
Authors: Vaithiyanathan Kavitha , Liew Seng H , Zerafa Nadeen , Gamage Thilini , Cook Michele , O’Reilly Lorraine A , Bouillet Philippe , Scott Clare L , Strasser Andreas , Findlay Jock K , Hutt Karla J
Published: February 2016

Apoptosis plays a prominent role during ovarian development by eliminating large numbers of germ cells from the female germ line. However, the precise mechanisms and regulatory proteins involved in germ cell death are yet to be determined. In this study, we characterised the role of the pro-apoptotic BH3-only protein, BCL2-modifying factor (BMF), in germ cell apoptosis in embryonic and neonatal mouse ovaries. BMF protein was immunohistochemically localised to germ cells at embryonic days 15.5 (E15.5) and E17.5 and postnatal day 1 (PN1), coincident with entry into the meiotic prophase, but was undetectable at E13.5, and only present at low levels at PN3 and PN5. Consistent with this expression pattern, loss of BMF in female mice was associated with a decrease in apoptosis at E15.5 and E17.5. Furthermore, increased numbers of germ cells were found in ovaries fromBmf−/−mice compared with WT animals at E15.5 and PN1. However, germ cell numbers were comparable betweenBmf−/−and WT ovaries at PN3, PN5 and PN10. Collectively, these data indicate that BMF mediates foetal oocyte loss and its action limits the maximal number of germ cells attained in the developing ovary, but does not influence the number of primordial follicles initially established in ovarian reserve.
Presencia de hongos y contaminación con micotoxinas en ensilajes para alimentación de rumiantes. Artículo de Revisión
Authors: Alpízar Solís Carlos
Published: February 2016

Diversos estudios han identificado el crecimiento de hongos en forrajes ensilados para alimentar rumiantes domésticos, capaces de producir toxinas de importancia para la salud pública y animal.
El objetivo de esta revisión es recopilar los resultados de diversas investigaciones que identificaron hongos y micotoxinas con riesgo conocido en ensilajes de diversos materiales en varias regiones del mundo utilizados para alimentar rumiantes. En segundo lugar, describir las especies de hongos más comúnmente identificadas por diversos autores en alimentos ensilados para rumiantes, y los factores que favorecen su presencia y desarrollo, con la consecuente producción de micotoxinas. Por último, describir algunas medidas para prevenir la contaminación de los ensilajes con micotoxinas, y se muestra la necesidad de realizar investigaciones relacionadas con la presencia de micotoxinas en alimentos para rumiantes en Costa Rica.
Los principales efectos en rumiantes de las micotoxinas encontradas en los ensilajes se asocian a alteraciones reproductivas y del sistema inmunológico, así como del sistema digestivo. Los principales géneros identificados en los estudios revisados alrededor del mundo son Penicillium spp, Fusarium spp y Aspergillus spp. Diversos estudios reportan la contaminación de ensilajes principalmente con aflatoxinas (AFB1), fumonisinas (FB1), tricotecenos (DON, T2) y zearalenona. Factores como la presencia de oxígeno durante el ensilaje, la temperatura ambiental, el embalado y el manejo postcosecha de los forrajes tienen una importancia notable como facilitadores del desarrollo de los hongos y la consecuente producción de toxinas.
Efecto de la edad al primer parto sobre parámetros reproductivos en la primera lactancia de vacas Holstein y Jersey de Costa Rica
Authors: Castillo Badilla Gloriana , Salazar Carranza Mauren , Murillo Herrera Jaime , Hueckmann Voss Frank , Romero Zúñiga Juan José
Published: February 2016

Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo en 28 367 animales raza Jersey puro y 46 029 Holstein puras, de lecherías especializadas de distintas zonas ecológicas de Costa Rica, en el periodo comprendido entre los años 2000 y 2010, con el fin de cuantificar el efecto provocado por la edad al primer parto (EPP) sobre los parámetros reproductivos durante la primera lactancia. Se incluyeron los datos de vacas, registrados en el programa VAMPP Bovino 3.0, en el Centro Regional de Informática para la Producción Animal Sostenible (CRIPAS), de la Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria de la Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica. Los datos fueron analizados por medio de estadística descriptiva y un modelo lineal mixto. Hubo efecto significativo de la EPP sobre el intervalo parto concepción (IPC) en la raza Holstein (P<0.0001), con -13 y -6 días para las hembras con EPP <26 meses y EPP 26-33meses, respectivamente. El IPC no se vio afectado, significativamente, por la EPP en la raza Jersey (P=0.25). Asimismo, los servicios por concepción (SPC) correspondieron a 1.44 (D.E. 0.83/IC95%: 1.44 – 1.44) para vacas Holstein y 1.48 (D.E. 0.93/IC95%: 1.46 – 1.49) para Jersey. Este parámetro se vio influenciado significativamente por la EPP en ambas razas (P<0.0001); en donde se presentaron 1.1 y 0.6menos SPC aquellos animales con EPP baja y media, en comparación a los de alta EPP, en la raza Holstein y Jersey respectivamente. De ese modo, el incremento en la EPP, ajustada por variables ambientales, de manejo e intrínsecas de la vaca, tuvo efecto negativo sobre el IPC de la primera lactancia de las vacas Holstein, pero no en Jersey; del mismo modo, hubo un efecto negativo de la EPP sobre los SPC en ambas razas.
Correlation of rpsU gene sequence clusters and biochemical properties, GC—MS spectra and resistance profiles of clinical Burkholderia spp. isolates
Authors: Ostermann Maria Franziska , Neubauer Heinrich , Frickmann Hagen , Hagen Ralf Matthias
Published: February 2016

This study assessed the variation of phenotypic features of clinical isolates of Burkholderia spp. from common rpsU gene sequence clusters.

A total of 41 clinical Burkholderia spp. isolates from German mucoviscidosis patients was subjected to rpsU gene sequencing. Biochemical assessment included the API systems 20 NE and 50 CHE as well as the Micronaut NF system. Fatty acid patterns were assessed using gas chromatography—mass spectrometry (GC—MS). Broth microdilution was used to identify minimum inhibitory concentrations.

Five rpsU gene sequence clusters comprised more than one clinical isolate. Altogether, assignments to three species and seven clusters comprising more than one Burkholderia species were performed. Inhomogeneity of biochemical reactions within the clusters ranged from 0/28 to 45/50 reactions. The standard deviation for fatty acid distributions ranged from 0% to 11.5%. Minimum inhibitory concentrations within the clusters showed a wide variation but only minor differences between the clusters.

Broad variations within identified rpsU gene sequence clusters regarding biochemical reactions, fatty acid patterns, and resistance patterns of clinical Burkholderia spp. isolates make the application of rpsU gene sequence analysis as a stand-alone procedure for discriminations within the Burkholderia cepacia complex unreliable.
Aplicação complementar de enxofre em diferentes doses na cultura do alho
Authors: Resende Juliano Tadeu V de , Morales Rafael Gustavo F , Resende Francisco V , Carminatti Rafaela , Bertuzzo Leandro Luiz da C , Figueiredo Alex Sandro T
Published: February 2016

O desenvolvimento do alho e possíveis variações entre cultivares em resposta à adubação com enxofre (S), não somente em termos de aumento de produtividade, mas também quanto às características de desenvolvimento do bulbo e da planta, ainda é pouco conhecido. Desta forma, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da adubação complementar com enxofre elementar (Sº) sobre a produtividade de bulbos em três cultivares de alho, bem como seu efeito em diversas características ligadas à morfologia e crescimento do bulbo e da planta. Os tratamentos foram dispostos em esquema fatorial 3x3, compreendendo três cultivares (Roxo Pérola de Caçador, Quitéria e Roxo Caxiense) e três doses de Sº (0, 50 e 100 kg ha-1). O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados com três repetições. Foram avaliados a produtividade; número médio de folhas; altura média de plantas; massa fresca e seca de folhas, pseudocaule, bulbo e sistema radicular; comprimento de raízes; e teores de S e fósforo (P) nas folhas e no bulbo. A adubação com Sº induziu aumento da produtividade das três cultivares, com destaque para a cultivar Roxo Pérola de Caçador, que apresentou o maior incremento. O aumento da produtividade esteve fortemente relacionado ao aumento do vigor da planta, como altura, número de folhas e massa fresca e seca de folhas, pseudocaule e raízes.
Dynamic solutions on mode III interface cracks in bismuth-copper
Authors: Lü Nianchun , Xiang Qian , Hao Guodong , Wang Yuntao
Published: February 2016

By means of the theory of complex variable functions, dynamic extension queries solutions of symmetrical mode III interface cracks in bismuth-copper alloys were researched in this paper. The crack extension should also appear in the form of self-similarity because interface failure is ascertained by the maximum tensile stress. The formulation involves the development of a Riemann-Hilbert problem. The issues which were considered can be very easily transformed into Riemann-Hilbert problem according to the methods of self-similar functions, and the general representations of analytical solutions of the stresses, displacements and dynamic stress intensity factors for the edges of symmetrical mode III interface crack subjected to moving enhancive loadings Px 6/t 6 and Pt 7/x 6. In the light of correlative material properties, the changeable law of dynamic stress intensity factor was illustrated very well. The solutions were obtained by application of superposition principle in this paper, and the solutions of discretionally intricate queries could be readily acquired.
Effect of biocementation on the strength and stability of termite mounds
Authors: Kandasami Ramesh K. , Borges Renee M. , Murthy Tejas G.
Published: February 2016

Termite mounds are bioengineered granular ensembles that remain stable over decades, a vital requirement for termite societies that house millions of individual termites. An experimental study on the mechanobiology of mounds and mound soil of the fungus-growing termite Odontotermes obesus (Rambur) demonstrated that termites are capable engineers. Mound soil was significantly different in its physical and mechanical properties compared to the surrounding or ‘control’ soil. However, mound and control soils did not differ in clay mineralogy. Utilising the finer soil fraction, termites altered the soil significantly by cohering grains through their secretions into units called boluses, in the presence of water. Termites modulated the amount of water close to the plastic limit of the soil while preparing these boluses such that the soil could be effectively moulded. The cementation effected by termites using their secretions and/or excretions enhanced the strength of the soil tenfold, which may not be achievable otherwise. The soil modification achieved by the termites decreased mound susceptibility to erosion and collapse. Termites successfully cemented foreign materials, suggesting a wide range of cementation abilities. Slope stability analysis with intact mound soil revealed a significant increase in the safety factor of the mound compared to that of reconstituted soil.
Epoetin Alfa and Outcomes in Dialysis amid Regulatory and Payment Reform
Authors: Chertow Glenn M. , Liu Jiannong , Monda Keri L. , Gilbertson David T. , Brookhart M. Alan , Beaubrun Anne C. , Winkelmayer Wolfgang C. , Pollock Allan , Herzog Charles A. , Ashfaq Akhtar , Sturmer Til , Rothman Kenneth J. , Bradbury Brian D. , Collins Allan J.
Published: February 2016

Erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) are commonly used to treat anemia in patients with CKD, including those receiving dialysis, although clinical trials have identified risks associated with ESA use. We evaluated the effects of changes in dialysis payment policies and product labeling instituted in 2011 on mortality and major cardiovascular events across the United States dialysis population in an open cohort study of patients on dialysis from January 1, 2005, through December 31, 2012, with Medicare as primary payer. We compared observed rates of death and major cardiovascular events in 2011 and 2012 with expected rates calculated on the basis of rates in 2005–2010, accounting for differences in patient characteristics and influenza virulence. An abrupt decline in erythropoietin dosing and hemoglobin concentration began in late 2010. Observed rates of all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, and myocardial infarction in 2011 and 2012 were consistent with expected rates. During 2012, observed rates of stroke, venous thromboembolic disease (VTE), and heart failure were lower than expected (absolute deviation from trend per 100 patient-years [95% confidence interval]: −0.24 [−0.08 to −0.37] for stroke, −2.43 [−1.35 to −3.70] for VTE, and −0.77 [−0.28 to −1.27] for heart failure), although non–ESA-related changes in practice and Medicare payment penalties for rehospitalization may have confounded the results. This initial evidence suggests that action taken to mitigate risks associated with ESA use and changes in payment policy did not result in a relative increase in death or major cardiovascular events and may reflect improvements in stroke, VTE, and heart failure.
Fotografias como estratégia metodológica: perscrutando formas de tratamento pronominais brasileiras, moçambicanas e angolanas
Authors: Balsalobre ￼ Sabrina ￼ Rodrigues Garcia
Published: February 2016

Brasil, Moçambique e Angola compartilham da língua portuguesa. Entretanto, esse sistema linguístico é atualizado de modos particulares em função de cada um dos contextos nacionais e de suas idiossincrasias. Particularmente, essa situação é válida ao se observar os usos pronominais da língua portuguesa em suas variedades brasileira, angolana e moçambicana. Ao se considerar apenas situações de interlocução, o sistema dispõe de pronomes pessoais que contemplam recursos pragmáticos de cortesia, intimidade, polidez, distanciamento hierárquico etc. por meio de formas como tu, você, o senhor/a senhora, vocês, os senhores/as senhoras. Além dessas formas pronominais, ainda está disponível sistemicamente ao falante a ausência do pronome (ou forma zero), em que a marca pessoal é demonstrada pela desinência verbal. Para a realização dessa pesquisa comparativa entre as três variedades do português, algumas escolhas metodológicas foram decisivas. Em especial, fez-se imprescindível o resgate de uma metodologia utilizada por pesquisadores brasileiros nos anos 1980. Trata-se do emprego de fotografias como motivador para a realização das entrevistas com os informantes. A partir da seleção das imagens de perfis sociais, foi possível realizar as entrevistas com os informantes. A proposta feita aos entrevistados era que lhes seria indicada, para cada imagem, uma instrução específica contendo um pedido acerca de endereço, referência a uma pessoa, o preço de determinado produto etc. Tendo compreendido a instrução, o informante estabelecia um diálogo com a pessoa da fotografia – a maioria dos informantes compreendia prontamente a proposta da entrevista e produzia naturalmente diversas formas de tratamento. Em geral, há a possibilidade de se estabelecer algumas tendências no comportamento linguístico dos informantes de um mesmo país, corroborando com a assertiva de que o português brasileiro, o moçambicano e o angolano são variedades linguísticas autônomas. 
A dinâmica do jogo de linguagem das formas de tratamento
Authors: Lima Cacilda Vilela de
Published: February 2016

Estapesquisaapresentaumamicroanálisetransversalequalitativadecaráterempírico-indutivosobre as formas de tratamento entre candidatos ao cargo presidencial em cinco debates televisionados realizados antes do primeiro turno das eleições de 2014. Baseado nos pressupostos da Antropologia Linguística, entende-se que os usos das formas de tratamento implicam o estudo das mudanças estruturais envolvidas na sociedade. Sendo assim, as formas de tratamento não são classificadas e entendidas como formas estanques com interpretações de uso a priori, mas como formas flexíveis que permitem aos interlocutores realizar seus discursos de maneira complexa e dinâmica. A classificação se determinada forma de tratamento serve para estabelecer uma aproximação ou distanciamento entre os interlocutores só pode ser estabelecida caso a caso e momento a momento na interação. Esta pesquisa não se restringe ao estudo do efeito e do como as palavras foram colocadas no palco do mundo, mas também tenta entender por quem, para quem, porquê, onde, qual o tipo de relação de poder que pode ser inferida da escolha de certa forma de tratamento. É pela composição de todos esses elementos que se pode ver como o ator social proporcionou seu ponto de vista, seu modo de refletir sobre o mundo e a natureza humana. 
Producción de frutos de uchuva ( Physalis peruviana L.) bajo diferentes láminas de riego, frecuencias de riego y dosis de calcio
Authors: Álvarez-Herrera Javier Giovanni , Fischer Gerhard , Vélez-Sánchez Javier Enrique
Published: February 2016

La uchuva es la fruta exótica más importante para Colombia y constituye un renglón de exportaciones importante, no obstante en los últimos años el rendimiento obtenido en el cultivo ha disminuido. Por lo anterior, es necesario evaluar factores que afecten la producción, como lo son el riego y la nutrición con calcio, para lo cual se empleó un diseño en bloques al azar con 12 tratamientos en arreglo factorial de 4x3. Los bloques fueron las frecuencias de riego (4, 9 y 14 días distanciadas). El primer factor fue la lámina de riego (0,7; 0,9; 1,1 y 1,3 de la evaporación del tanque clase A) y el segundo la dosis de calcio (0, 50 y 100 kg ha-1), lo que representó 36 unidades experimentales. Se transplantó en materas de 20 L usando turba rubia como sustrato. El porcentaje de frutos obtenidos para tamaños grande (>22 mm), mediano (18-22 mm) y pequeño (<18 mm) fue de 9,17%, 31,44% y 59,75%, respectivamente. Con intervalos de riego más distantes, la cantidad de frutos pequeños incrementó, no obstante, si se aplicó Ca2+, el porcentaje de frutos pequeños disminuyó. La frecuencia de riego cada 4 días presentó los frutos con mayor masa fresca. Al aumentar la cantidad de agua aplicada con un coeficiente de riego de 1,3, creció el número de frutos y la producción por planta. La acumulación de masa seca en el fruto aumentó conforme creció el coeficiente de riego y con la frecuencia de riego más prolongada.
Psychological and economic self-sufficiency among low-income jobseekers with physical disability barriers
Authors: Hong Philip Young P. , Stokar Haley , Choi Sangmi
Published: February 2016

The purpose of this research is to investigate the process of psychological empowerment by way of examining the effects of perceived employment barrier on employment hope, and employment hope on economic self-sufficiency. A structural equation modeling analysis was used with a sample of 517 participants in a job readiness program of a community-based social service organization in Chicago. Results indicate that employment hope mediates the path between perceived barriers and economic self-sufficiency. Findings provide preliminary evidence to support an empowerment-based approach to rehabilitation, promoting self-sufficiency among people with physical disabilities using interventions that address employment barriers and employment hope.
Spreads de los bonos corporativos en la industria del retail chileno
Authors: Gutiérrez Urzúa Mauricio , Yáñez Carreño Isabel , Paillan Peña Robert
Published: February 2016

Artículo de investigaciónEl presente trabajo comprende un análisis empírico sobre la estimación e interpretación de las variables que afectan la determinación del spread en la emisión de deuda mediante bonos corporativos de las empresas del sector retail chileno. Para el desarrollo de esta investigación se cuenta principalmente con información pública disponible, Podemos destacar que la variable determinante del spread en esta investigación es el rendimiento de los activos, mostrando un signo negativo, consistente con la teoría de la jerarquía Myers y Majluf (1984) Esto significa que la mayor rentabilidad influye negativamente en la determinación del spread, porque la empresa tendría menor riesgo de caer en default.
Capital intelectual en empresas del eje cafetero colombiano: caso “Buen Cafe Liofilizado de Colombia”
Authors: Naranjo Herrera Cristhian Guillermo , Higuera Vélez Carlos Andrés
Published: February 2016

Artículo de investigaciónEl presente artículo es resultado del proyecto de investigación titulado “El capital intelectual en las empresas del eje cafetero, caso Buen Café Liofilizado de Colombia”. El objetivo central fue formular una propuesta de mejora de la gestión del capital intelectual en dicha empresa, a partir de los elementos hallados en su medición y del análisis de sus componentes. El estudio, de corte cuantitativo, examinó el comportamiento del capital intelectual a través de sus componentes humano, estructural y relacional en periodos sucesivos de tiempo. A tal fin, se diseñó y aplicó una encuesta, complementada con la revisión de documentos institucionales tales como informes de gestión o estudios de clima organizacional y con reuniones sostenidas con los líderes o responsables de los aspectos indagados. Los resultados muestran como fortalezas del capital relacional de la empresa las relaciones con clientes y proveedores, los acuerdos de cooperación existentes, altos estándares de sostenibilidad de su imagen corporativa y el ejercicio de la responsabilidad social empresarial
Desarrollo de las relaciones de negocios internacionales de pymes del subsector confección de ropa en Bogotá, Colombia
Authors: Dueñas Guarnizo José Alberto , Peñalosa Otero Mónica Eugenia
Published: February 2016

Artículo de investigaciónEl presente artículo es el resultado de la investigación titulada Etapas y objetivos del desarrollo  de las relaciones de negocios internacionales de las pymes del sub sector de confección de ropa en la ciudad de Bogotá, la cual pretende estudiar el estado actual de desarrollo de dichas relaciones de negocios desde dos puntos de vista: el primero consiste en determinar cuáles  son las etapas o pasos que deben cursar las Pymes del sector de textiles, confección y diseño en moda en la ciudad de Bogotá, en su proceso de internacionalización. El segundo es estudiar los factores de la cultura y ver cómo éstos influyen en los procesos de internacionalización, entre ellos el idioma, la educación, la geografía y distancia mental, las costumbres, entre otros.La revisión bibliográfica realizada en este contexto muestra la casi nula existencia de literatura académica, motivo por el cual se pretende ahondar, en términos investigativos, sobre uno de los subsectores que el gobierno colombiano y el país incluye en la actualidad en los denominados Sectores de transformación productiva, el cual pretende estar —a mediano plazo— dentro de los denominados de categoría mundial.Metodológicamente se utilizó una entrevista semiestructurada que permitió generalizar los hallazgos. El número de pasos está determinado por cada empresario entrevistado. Con el resultado de esta investigación se pretende hacer un aporte a la teoría actual sobre el tema, desde el punto de vista del conocimiento y la experiencia de las pequeñas y medianas empresas del subsector, así como facilitar a los empresarios y emprendedores que se encuentran ad portasde comenzar un proceso de internacionalización, el paso a paso para lograr el establecimiento y desarrollo de las relaciones de negocios internacionales
Minería colombiana… ¿responsable y sostenible?
Authors: Pichot R. Erick
Published: February 2016

Mineria en Colombia
Medición del aprendizaje organizacional en las grandes y medianas empresas de Sogamoso, Colombia
Authors: González Millán José , Aponte Sánchez Héctor Ezequiel , Salazar Rey José Fernando
Published: February 2016

Artículo de investigaciónEl presente artículo expone los resultados de la investigación titulada “Estudio de aprendizaje organizacional en las medianas y grandes empresas de la ciudad de Sogamoso en Boyacá - Colombia”. Se referirá a las características de los procesos de gestión del Aprendizaje Organizacional (AO), los factores positivos y negativos del mismo y la identificación de las causas e impactos relevantes del Aprendizaje Organizacional en estas compañías. Con base en esto, presentará una breve propuesta de mejoramiento. En el estudio, llevado a cabo por el grupo de investigación Management de la Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, se encuestó 43 empresas objeto de estudio (25 medianas y 18 grandes empresas), dando cuenta de 1333 encuestas, distribuidas entre los 43 gerentes y 1290 empleados de las compañías (30 por cada entidad). En lo que tiene que ver con la parte metodológica, el tipo y método de estudio fue el descriptivo e inductivo; la técnica estadística utilizada fue el análisis descriptivo por medio de tablas de frecuencia