bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Screening of Mango Landraces for Polyembryony and Confirmation of Seedling Origin using Microsatellite Markers
Authors: Reshma U.R. , Simi S.
Published: September 2021

Background: The introduction of polyembryonic rootstocks in the area of propagation is of great importance since they produce one zygotic and several nucellar plantlets. Proper identification of sexual embryo from each hybrid seed is necessary in order to preserve only the nucellar seedlings, which would help to maintain the rootstock’s genetic characteristics as well as to overcome the major constraints in the area of fruit breeding especially in hybridization programme by eliminating the nucellar ones to advanced generations. Contrasting reports exists regarding the vigour of zygotic seedlings of polyembryonic mango genotypes. It is necessary to identify/ distinguish the zygotic seedling from the nucellar population at an early stage, for which, microsatellite analysis could be a reliable tool. Methods: The experiment was laid out in completely randomized design (CRD) with 20 treatments replicated thrice. The twenty local mango landraces from Thiruvananthapuram (Kerala) were screened for polyembryony and were geo-referenced. Germination studies were conducted. Microsatellite analysis of all the plantlets from two varieties which exhibited the highest polyembryony were done using SSR primers and their banding patterns were compared with those of their respective mother plants. Result: Out of twenty mango varieties screened, seventeen were polyembryonic. Kappa Manga recorded the highest germination, germination index and seedling vigour index-I. Kotookonam Varikka recorded the highest polyembryony and followed by Kochu Kilichundan. Microsatellite analysis revealed that all the seedlings obtained from the respective stones of Kotookonam Varikka and Kochu Kilichundan had identical SSR profile to the mother plant, which indicated nucellar origin of seedlings having similar genetic composition to the mother plant.
Impact of Subclinical Mastitis-causing Bacterial Species on the Composition and Chemical Properties of Milk
Authors: Safak Tarik , Risvanli Ali , Ascı-Toraman Zulal
Published: September 2021

Background: Here we investigate whether the composition and some chemical properties of milk can correlate with bacterial species causing subclinical mastitis in cows. Methods: One hundred and eighty cows were used in the study. The California Mastitis Test (CMT) was applied to the selected cows. The cows were divided into four groups: cows with negative CMT (n = 45), the Escherichia coli (n = 45), Streptococcus agalactiae (n = 45) and Staphylococcus aureus (n = 45) groups. Result: Milk composition and some chemical properties were measured. The highest fat ratio (5.82±0.34%) was found in the Escherichia coli group (p less than 0.05). The proportions of solid-non-fat (9.67±0.09%), protein (3.51±0.03%), lactose (5.29±05%) and mineral matter (0.75±0.01%) were lowest in the Escherichia coli group (p less than 0.05). The electrical conductivity of milk was lowest in the CMT-negative group (4.23±0.02 mS/cm), while the Streptococcus agalactiae group had the highest value (4.61±0.02 mS/cm) (p less than 0.05). The specific gravity of the Escherichia coli group was lower than the CMT-negative (1,034.91±0.56 kg/m3) and Staphylococcus aureus (1,034.24±0.65 kg/m3) groups (p less than 0.05). Based on our findings, we propose that milk composition and some chemical parameters are altered in subclinical mastitis. However, these could not be standardized according to the responsible bacterial species. We recommend that these parameters are monitored regularly on dairy farms.
Role of Melatonin as a Survival Factor for In vitro Development of Sheep Preantral Follicles
Authors: Kumar C. Chetan , Naik B. Rambabu , Kumar A.V.N. Siva , Ravi A. , Reddy L.S.S. Varaprasad , Pathipati Deepa
Published: September 2021

Background: Melatonin, a powerful free radical scavenger and broad-spectrum antioxidant may directly affect ovarian function by regulating folliculogenesis, maintenance of follicular integrity, oocyte quality and maturation capacity. Therefore, we aimed to study effects of melatonin and its interaction with growth factors in sheep preantral follicles. Methods: The influence of different concentrations of Melatonin (5-500 pM) on in vitro culture of preantral follicles (PFs’) isolated from sheep ovaries was studied. Experiments I and II were conducted to standardize the optimum concentration of Melatonin that supports better development of preantral follicles. Experiment III was conducted with the optimum level of Melatonin derived in the Experiments I and II to evaluate the effect of melatonin at 100pM in combination with various growth factors. Result: Overall follicular development was found to be the best in the PFs’ cultured in medium supplemented with 100pM of Melatonin. Melatonin supplementation showed positive effects on the preantral follicular development in combination with different growth factors.
Anaesthetic Effects of Propofol, Ketamine and their Combination (Ketofol) as Total Intravenous Anaesthesia (TIVA) in Pigs
Authors: Saikia Basanta , Sarma Kalyan , Das Hemen , Lallianchhunga M.C. , Pal Debajyoti , Sonowal Palash Jyoti
Published: September 2021

Background: Endotracheal intubation for inhalation anaesthesia in pigs is not considered a good anaesthetic method as it is technically difficult because of oral anatomy and the presence of excess tissues in the oropharyngeal region. Moreover, the major limitation of inhalation anaesthesia is that it requires the use of a cumbersome and costly anaesthetic machine, including a suitable breathing system and vaporizer and is the exposure of operating-room personnel to the pollution in the ambient air. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of propofol, ketamine and their combination ‘Ketofol’ as a TIVA in pigs. Methods: The study was conducted in eighteen piglets of either sex. The piglets were randomly divided into three groups with six animals in each group. All the three groups were premedicated with Atropine sulphate @ 0.04mg/kg body weight and Xylazine Hydrochloride @ 1mg/kg body weight I.M. and Medazolam @ 0.5mg/kg body weight I.M. with minimum forcible restraint as pre-anaesthetic. In group-I, propofol @ 5mg/kg body weight, in group-II, ketamine @ 5mg/kg body weight and in group-III, ketofol @ 4mg/kg body weight was administered intravenously for induction after 15 minutes of pre-anaesthetic administration. Surgical anaesthesia was maintained for 90 minutes in all three groups viz. group-I, group-II and group-III with propofol @ 2.5mg/kg, ketamine @ 2.5mg/kg and ketofol @ 2mg/kg body weight respectively by intermittent bolus injection (IBI) technique. Clinical and cardiopulmonary profiles were evaluated before administration of the anaesthetic agent (0 minutes) then at 15, 30, 60 and 90 minutes during and after administration of anaesthetic agents to evaluate their anaesthetic effect. Result: The study revealed that induction time (IT), duration of analgesia (DOA), duration of recumbency (DOR) and recovery time (RT) interval showed better result in the combination of ketamine and propofol group as compared to propofol and ketamine-induced individual group. The temperature and respiration rate was significantly decreased in all the groups at 30 minutes during TIVA whereas heart rate was significantly increased in all the groups at 15 minutes. The combination of ketamine and propofol group showed a consistent diastolic pressure and systolic pressure during the entire period of anaesthesia. The SPO2 in the ketamine-induced group showed a significant decrease (P less than 0.01) as compared to the propofol and ketofol group. It was concluded that the anaesthetic drug combinations resulted in smooth and uneventful induction with mild cardiopulmonary depressions and rapid recovery.
Genetic Variability, Heritability and Genetic Advance in Cluster Bean [Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub.] Genotypes
Authors: Remzeena A. , Anitha P.
Published: September 2021

Background: Cluster bean commonly known as guar is an important leguminous crop. It is widely exploited as an industrial crop because of its seeds which contain galactomannan rich endosperm. Nutrient rich green pods are used as vegetable for human consumption and plants as fodder for livestock. It is a drought tolerant hardy vegetable, which fixes atmospheric nitrogen. Even though it has great potential as a vegetable and industrial crop, it is not very popular in Kerala. So, there is a need for improvement and development of varieties suitable for climatic condition prevailing in Kerala. Hence, evaluation of germplasm has to be conducted as a preliminary step in-order to study extend of variability available in the germplasm and to identify suitable high yielding genotypes that can be utilized in the crop improvement programme. The present study was conducted to estimate genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance for yield and yield contributing characters among the collected cluster bean genotypes. Methods: Thirty accessions of cluster bean were evaluated during 2018. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with two replications. Statistical analysis was employed for estimation of various genetic parameters such as GCV, PCV, heritability and GAM. Result: The genotypes exhibited wide variability for all the characters studied. High estimates of GCV and PCV were observed for number of branches, number of pod clusters/plant, number of pods/plant, number of pods/cluster, pod weight and pod yield/plant. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance as per cent of mean was observed for plant height, number of branches, number of pod clusters/plant, number of pods/plant, number of pods/cluster, pod weight and pod yield/plant which suggested the presence of addictive gene effects. Hence, pod yield in cluster bean could be improved through direct selection.
Yield of Spring Grown Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) under Different Doses of Soil Applied Phosphorus in An Agroecology of Semi-arid Highlands with Mediterranean Climate
Authors: Soysal Sipan
Published: September 2021

Background: This study was carried out to determine the effects of different phosphorus doses on the flowering, yield and yield components of spring grown chickpea crop under the ecological conditions of Siirt province in the experimental field of Siirt University, Faculty of Agriculture, Field Crops Department during two seasons in 2018 and 2019. Methods: The study was carried out in randomized complete blocks design with three replications. Before planting, 140 kg ha-1 of DAP fertilizer (18.46.0) was spreaded and incorporated into the soil with a rake. Following emergence of plants, TSP fertilizer (0.42.0) was spreaded to the plots at doses of 0, 30, 60, 90 kg ha-1 P2O5 into the mellow humid soil. Result: All observed parameters were effected from phosphorus application doses. Based on different P doses, two years’ average plant height, first pod height; main branch number, flower number per plant, pod number per plant, grain number per plant, 100 grain weight and grain yield values were determined as 51,25-55,91 cm; 29,17-35,98 cm; 2,10-2,97 piece plant-1; 39,00-57,86 piece plant-1; 18,87-27,92 piece plant-1; 18,00-27,33 piece plant-1; 29,92-33,41 g and 969-1565 kg ha-1, respectively. Highest values for all parameters were obtained from 60 kg ha-1 P2O5 but further dose (60 kg ha-1 P2O5) resulted with reduction from top values for all parameters.
Directiveness in tutor talk
Authors: Carstens Adelia , Rambiritich Avasha
Published: September 2021

The reigning orthodoxy in writing centres has been to avoid directive approaches and embrace non-directive approaches to tutoring. Although this ‘myth has been debunked by various writing centre scholars since the late 1990s, many guidebooks on tutoring still adhere to it. We believe that theory-led empirical research on tutor approaches and actions is necessary to demonstrate the situation-dependent efficacy of directive approaches, and thereby dispel the myth that a peer role is preferred to a teacherly role. This paper starts addressing the need for theory-led empirical research on directiveness by applying theories of linguistic pragmatics to analyze writing centre consultations, and assist writing centre tutors to develop a critical awareness of both their actions and students’ responses. First, an overview is given of the description of directiveness in the writing centre literature. This is followed by an overview of micro- and macropragmatic theories on speech acts in linguistics, and suggestions on how they may be applied to better understand the role of directiveness in writing centre consultations. This is followed by an overview of present research project, and an analysis of two excerpts (speech events) from a particular consultation. The article is concluded by a reflection on the findings, and suggestions are made on how to apply them towards improving writing centre pedagogy at the institution where the research was  conducted.
Black African parents' narratives on apartheid schooling and school history
Authors: Langa Mauricio , Wassermann Johan , Maposa Marshall
Published: September 2021

This paper was motivated by the anecdotal experiences of the lead author on the views of middle-class Black African parents who did their schooling under apartheid and who were parents of high school learners in contemporary post-apartheid South Africa. In this paper narrative inquiry was used to engage with ten purposively selected Black African parents. In the process their narratives of schooling under apartheid and the parental choices they made on the subjects their children studied were constructed. As a theoretical lens Critical Race Theory was used to allow the parents to tell their counter-stories. These parents were adamant that their children should not study history. This was partially rooted in their own apartheid-era schooling experiences. For the most part the Black African parents tried to live their unfulfilled dreams and ambitions through their children by getting them to study science and mathematics as this was directly linked to upward-mobility, middle-classness, prosperity and success. While school history in the post-apartheid context was lauded and appreciated, the prevailing sentiment was that their children should steer clear of it.
Student teachers’ experiences of the emergency transition to online learning during the Covid-19 lockdown at a South African university
Authors: Maphalala Mncedisi Christian , Khumalo Nontobeko Prudence , Khumalo Ntombenhle Primrose
Published: September 2021

The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic brought about an abrupt transition from face-to-face to online learning, which caught higher education institutions off guard. Universities had to scramble for solutions to ensure that learning was not disrupted and there was adequate technological infrastructure to conduct classes online; that academics were capacitated to conduct virtual teaching and that students had access to the necessary technology and internet connectivity. To understand this move, this study explored student teachers’ experiences of the emergency transition to online learning during the COVID-19 lockdown at a South African university. The study was underpinned by the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and adopted a qualitative research design, generating data from ten fourth-year student teachers using a Zoom focus group discussion and analysing the data using an inductive thematic framework. The discussion focused on the students’ views on digital equity and access to technology; the teaching and learning modalities they were exposed to; their proficiency with the technology and training received; assessment as well as views on the learning management system (LMS, which is Moodle in this case). The study found that among the issues that universities had to deal with were the digital divide; constrained pedagogical approaches; inadequate proficiency in the use of the learning management system; the fact that the quality and integrity of assessment were somewhat compromised as well as students’ unfavourable living conditions which make learning from home difficult.
Academic and psychosocial challenges of Health Sciences students during the COVID-19 pandemic: A University of Technology perspective
Authors: Govender Nalini , Reddy Poovendhree , Bhagwan Raisuyah
Published: September 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in South African universities and institutes of higher learning experiencing an unprecedented shift to online learning in 2020, coupled by limited access to campus, in order to prevent community transmission. However, the potential impact of the outbreak on the academic and psychosocial wellbeing of students warrants further exploration, as the rapid changes and the disruption to normal academic life, has left many students feeling socially isolated and struggling to cope with massive uncertainty. In addition, Health Sciences students may experience added anxiety due to their line of work, which places them at the forefront of the healthcare environment. This study explored the academic and psychosocial challenges experienced by students enrolled in a Health Sciences faculty in a University of Technology (UoT), as they transitioned through the COVID-19 pandemic and the ensuing lockdown. A qualitative approach with an exploratory descriptive design was used to guide the study. A sample of students across all levels of study (first, second and third years as well as postgraduates) from the Faculty of Health Sciences at the Durban University of Technology (DUT) in South Africa were selected. Sample recruitment was done through non-probability sampling techniques which include purposive and convenience sampling. Data saturation was reached after interviewing 15 participants on Microsoft Teams. The interview schedule comprised key points on understanding how the COVID-19 pandemic and the ensuing lockdown affected students personally and academically. Interviews were recorded, transcribed and subjected to content and thematic analyses. Six broad themes emerged from the data, which captured the disruption students experienced within the context of their academic life, their personal fears and anxieties, struggles with online learning and connectivity issues. Students also expressed challenges whilst studying remotely at home. The findings suggested that there is an urgent need for universities to reflect on ensuring students’ mental health wellbeing as well as ensuring academic success amidst a turbulent physical and psychological environment.
Challenges faced by rural accounting teachers in implementing web-based collaborative learning
Authors: Motsoeneng Thabiso Jonah , Nichols Henry James , Makhasane Sekitla Daniel
Published: September 2021

The twenty-first century has witnessed a call for teachers to integrate information and communication technology (ICT) into teaching and learning. However, creating a classroom environment that engages in active learning has proved to be a hurdle to South African teachers, as more traditional teaching methods continue to be utilised in teaching. These challenges have derailed the current efforts by the Department of Basic Education to introduce ICT in the teaching and learning process in an effort to create a learner-centred environment. This paper seeks to open epistemic access by determining the challenges faced by rural accounting teachers in implementing web-based collaborative learning. The paper reports on the findings of a qualitative study that employed interviews to generate data with five Grade 10 accounting teachers in rural South Africa. The findings reveal that accounting teachers are faced with myriad challenges that serve as a stumbling block in their attempt to implement web-based collaborative learning. Contrary to the principles of Critical Accounting Research, the teaching methods and resources used position teachers in control and authority while the learners are disempowered, marginalised and oppressed. We consequently argue that accounting teachers require support and capacity building to implement web-based collaborative learning effectively.
Positioning Humanity before Progress: Students’ and Mentors’ Perceptions of the COVID-19 Impact on Undergraduate Research
Authors:   University of Oklahoma, Savic´ Miloš , Kothapalli Naga Rama ,   University of Oklahoma, Lanier Hayley C. ,   University of Oklahoma, Freeman Erin K. ,   University of Oklahoma, Ratliff Lisa ,   University of Oklahoma, Hillermann Emma ,   University of Oklahoma, Martin Courtney ,   University of Oklahoma
Published: September 2021

Through interviews with 28 students and 17 mentors from a campus-wide undergraduate research program, common themes in the responses to COVID-19-related impacts were found. Students had to adjust to the type or scope of their research obligations while handling academic responsibilities, and mentors explicitly considered students’ well-being above expectations related to research.
Undergraduate Research Abroad: Shared Themes in Student Learning from Two Models of Course-Embedded Undergraduate Research in Field Biology Study Abroad Courses
Authors:   Elon University, Hamel Jennifer A. , ter Hofstede Hannah M. ,   Dartmouth College, Gauthier Adrienne ,   Dartmouth College, Lopatto David ,   Grinnell College, Merton Prudence ,   Dartmouth College, Vandermast David ,   Elon University
Published: September 2021

The authors present student self-reported learning gains from two undergraduate courses that embed research within study abroad courses. Students in one course worked in small groups on original research projects; students in the second course collectively contributed to one ongoing, professional research project. Differences in student learning between courses raise questions about the relationship of course structures to high-impact practices.
Book Review--A Guide to Course-Based Undergraduate Research: Developing and Implementing CUREs in the Natural Sciences
Authors:   Bellevue College, Bangera Gita
Published: September 2021

Reviewed by Gita Bangera. Erin L. Dolan (University of Georgia) and Gabriela C. Weaver (University of Massachusetts Amherst) have set out on an ambitious venture to create a comprehensive guide to course-based undergraduate research experiences (CUREs) in the natural sciences. Their goal is to support faculty, and to some extent administrators, who would like to develop and implement CUREs as a pedagogical tool in higher education.
Developing Multiple Literacies and Foundational Research Skills in Students through Audio Narratives on Global Warming Solutions
Authors:   Penn State Brandywine, Guertin Laura , Jansen Annie ,   Penn State Brandywine, Berkey James ,   Penn State Brandywine
Published: September 2021

The introductory course at Penn State Brandywine--Earth in the Future: Predicting Climate Change and Its Impacts Over the Next Century--utilizes a scaffolded instructional approach and faculty from several campus units to develop multiple literacies (information, digital, science) and professional skills (writing and speaking) in students. The audio narrative assignment has provided additional outcomes beyond improved knowledge in climate science.
Simulating International Climate Negotiations in Classrooms
Authors:   Utrecht University, Hickmann Thomas
Published: September 2021

A simulation of the international climate negotiations was designed for more than 50 students of political science and other study programs dealing with sustainability. A key advantage of such simulations is that they are highly adaptable to groups of different sizes, academic backgrounds, or learning levels and can be used to teach a number of major concepts within the same framework.. the primary objective of such simulations is that students grasp the difficulties to achieve collective action
pensamiento complejo como enfoque del proyecto arquitectónico
Authors: Llorca Vega Nestor , Córdova Villacrés Lenin
Published: September 2021

El presente artículo expone el proyecto “Museo de Ciencia y Tecnología en el Parque La Carolina, Quito” fruto de un trabajo de fin de máster que se enfoca en la búsqueda del papel de arquitectura en la condición contemporánea. Para esto se basa en la propuesta del “Pensamiento complejo” de Edgar Morin, utiliza una metodología de inclusión de insumos para las estrategias de proyecto a través de matrices no jerárquicas, en las que se incluyen los conceptos de medios de vida, modelos de gestión, software paramétrico y pensamiento prospectivo como sistemas estructurantes, y, se verifican desde tres escalas: 1) la barrial que genera las interacciones del edificio con un rol urbano, 2) la del edificio mismo desde su forma y por tanto el lenguaje que representa, y 3) de uso, en la que se evidencia que el espacio generado es útil para la actividad que debe cumplir.
A elaboração da imagem de Virgílio no quattrocento
Authors:   Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Kaplan Nancy Ridel
Published: September 2021

O retrato compreendido como representação do indivíduo, em que se busca tanto a semelhança do físico quanto do caráter moral, principia no Renascimento. Torna-se um de seus temas essenciais, revelando o interesse na natureza humana e na sua individualidade.
The Role of Historical Science in Social Studies Learning Materials for Increasing Values of Student's Nationalism
Authors: Afrina Aida , Abbas Ersis Warmansyah , Susanto Heri
Published: September 2021

Konsep utama materi pembelajaran IPS ini berkaitan dengan waktu, perubahan dan keberlanjutan. Ilmu sejarah memberikan ruang kisah kehidupan manusia di masa lampau, masa sekarang dan di masa yang akan datang yang hanya terjadi satu kali tanpa terulang kembali. Terbukti keadaan masa sekarang merupakan hasil dari proses perjalanan di masa lampau untuk menentukan masa yang akan datang dalam kehidupan manusia. Hasil penulisan artikel ini bertujuan untuk memberikan makna nilai-nilai materi ilmu sejarah terhadap kontribusi IPS yang mana mengandung nilai nasionalisme yang berperan untuk menumbuhkan karakter peserta didik. Desain penelitian yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah studi literatur. Strategi pencarian data dengan penelusuran buku, ebook, dan jurnal melalui google scholar. Penelusuran data pada google scholar menggunakan kata kunci melalui pencarian jurnal penelitian yang dipublikasikan di internet baik jurnal, buku atau ebook. Hal ini terlihat adanya kontribusi dari ilmu sejarah yang memberikan sumbangsih terhadap Pendidikan IPS yang mana memiliki keterkaitan secara historis. Pentingnya mempelajari materi pembelajaran IPS yang didalamnya juga mengandung konsep ilmu sejarah maka secara tidak langsung peserta didik dapat memahami makna nilai nasionalisme pada peserta didik di sekolah. Sehingga berbagai materi ajar IPS berkaitan dengan kesejarahan memiliki peran penting dalam proses belajar mengajar dan mengandung makna nilai-nilai yang ada pada ilmu sejarah yakni nilai nasionalisme sehingga peserta didik mampu menerapkannya dalam kehidupan sehari-hari.
Patterns of Guidance in Panti Sosial Bina Wanita Melati as a Learning Resource on Social Studies
Authors: Maimunah Maimunah , Winarso Heru Puji , Jumriani Jumriani
Published: September 2021

Kesejahteraan sosial merupakan suatu keadaan terpenuhinya kebutuhan hidup yang layak bagi masyarakat, Pemerintah berperan penting dalam menciptakan kesejahteraan di masyarakat diantaranya dengan melalui pelayanan sosial. Panti Sosial Bina Wanita (PSBW) Melati tidak hanya dimanfaatkan sebagai wadah untuk menampung para wanita, selain itu pada aspek pembelajaran hal tersebut juga dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai sumber belajar IPS. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui Mendeskripsikan pola bimbingan keterkaitan pola bimbingan di Panti Sosial Bina Wanita (PSBW) Melati di Banjarbaru sebagai sumber belajar IPS. Pendekatan yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah pendekatan kualitatif dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif dan data didapatkan melalui observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Data yang telah didapat kemudian direduksi dan disajikan dalam bentuk narasi dilengkapi dengan gambar dan tabel relevansi materi sesuai dengan kompetensi dasar lalu kemudian ditarik kesimpulan. Keabsahan data melalui perpanjangan pengamatan, triangulasi sumber dan waktu. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian bahwa: 1) Panti Sosial Bina Wanita (PSBW) Melati Provinsi Kalimantan Selatan menjadi unit pelaksana teknis yang dibangun bertujuan untuk Terwujudnya kesetaraan dan kemandirian wanita rawan sosial ekonomi (WRSE) agar dapat berperan aktif dalam pembangunan bermasyarakat; 2) Pola bimbingan di Panti Sosial Bina Wanita (PSBW) Melati di Banjarbaru dapat dilihat adanya bimbingan fisik, bimbingan mental spiritual, bimbingan sosial,dan bimbingan keterampilan; 3) Keterkaitan pola bimbingan di Panti Sosial Bina Wanita (PSBW) Melati di Banjarbaru sebagai sumber belajar IPS pada  materi Interaksi Sosial di kelas VII.
Seed Biologists Beware: End-of-Trial Estimation of Initial Viability May Be Error-Prone Due to Unexpected Seed Death during the Experiment
Authors: Lamont Byron B. , Newton Rosemary J. , Gomez-Barreiro Pablo , He Tianhua
Published: September 2021

Seed viability is routinely measured on seeds that fail to germinate at the end of an experiment. Together with the number of germinants, this is used to estimate viability of the seeds at start of the experiment (i.e., initial viability) and provides the comparative basis on which germination success is determined. We used this standard procedure on 40 Leucadendron species subjected to oscillating temperatures, heat and/or smoke pre-treatments to examine the extent to which they raised germination levels above that of the untreated controls. 16 species showed significantly different levels of estimated initial seed viability between treatments when they should have been unaffected. Loss of viability during the trial was an order of magnitude greater than annual loss during cold storage, which was usually negligible. Lowest levels of estimated initial viability occurred among the poorly germinating controls and confirmed that the heat and smoke treatments had little effect on viability. Species with soil-stored seeds were more vulnerable to this artefact than those with plant-stored seeds. We caution against the routine use of end-of-trial germination and viability of ungerminated seeds as an estimate of initial viability in determining germination success of various treatments. The preference is for estimates of initial viability to be undertaken on a separate sample of seeds in association with the trial.
Network Pharmacology of Ginseng (Part II): The Differential Effects of Red Ginseng and Ginsenoside Rg5 in Cancer and Heart Diseases as Determined by Transcriptomics
Authors: Panossian Alexander , Abdelfatah Sara , Efferth Thomas
Published: September 2021

Panax ginseng C.A.Mey. is an adaptogenic plant traditionally used to enhance mental and physical capacities in cases of weakness, exhaustion, tiredness, loss of concentration, and during recovery. According to ancient records, Red Ginseng root preparations enhance longevity with long-term intake. Recent pharmacokinetic studies of ginsenosides in humans and our in vitro study in neuronal cells suggest that ginsenosides are effective when their level in blood is shallow - at concentrations from 10-6 to 10-18 M. In the present study, we compared the effects of Red Ginseng root preparation HRG80TM(HRG) at concentrations from 0.01 to 10,000 ng/ml with effects of White Ginseng (WG) and purified ginsenosides Rb1, Rg3, Rg5 and Rk1 on gene expression of isolated hippocampal neurons. The aim of this study was to predict the effects of differently expressed genes on cellular and physiological functions in organismal disorders and diseases. Gene expression profiling was performed by transcriptome-wide mRNA microarray analyses in murine HT22 cells after treatment with ginseng preparations. Ingenuity pathway downstream/upstream analysis (IPA) was performed with datasets of significantly up-or downregulated genes, and expected effects on cellular function and disease were identified by IPA software. Ginsenosides Rb1, Rg3, Rg5, and Rk1 have substantially various effects on gene expression profiles (signatures) and are different from signatures of HRG and WG. Furthermore, the signature of HRG is changed significantly with dilution from 10000 to 0.01 ng/ml. Network pharmacological analyses of gene expression profiles showed that HRG exhibits predictable positive effects in neuroinflammation, senescence, apoptosis, and immune response, suggesting beneficial soft-acting effects in cancer, gastrointestinal, and endocrine systems diseases and disorders in a wide range of low concentrations in blood.
Application of Corporate Social Responsibility -- Taking Chinese Listed Companies in the COVID-19 as an Example
Authors: Hsiao Chih-Yi , Chen Hao-Wei
Published: September 2021

This study focuses on a sample of Chinese listed companies from 2019 to 2020 to explore the relationships among corporate social responsibility, financial constraints, and financial performance. In addition, we discuss five factors affecting financial constraints. We also analyze the types of enterprises that can improve their financial performance by implementing corporate social responsibility keeping in mind the factors that lead to a high degree of financial constraint. The results indicate that: 1. The degree of financial constraints has a negative and significant impact on financial performance; 2. There is a reverse relationship between the degree of financial constraints and the effectiveness of corporate social responsibility measures; 3. Enterprises with high financial constraints (due to lower financial slack and revenue growth rates) can significantly improve their financial performance through the implementation of effective corporate social responsibility programs. 4. Enterprises with high financial constraints, caused by financial slack and revenue growth rate, can significantly improve their financial performance by implementing corporate social responsibility programs.
Analysis of Management of Newborns With Critical CHD at Preoperative Stage
Authors: Turkulov Berkin , Aringazina Altyn , Kuatbekov Kairat , Pak Vitalii , Assemov Ayat
Published: September 2021

Congenital heart defects (CHD) are the most common birth anomaly affecting approximately 1% of births and have a prevalence of about 5.8 per 1000 people. CHD is the most common congenital anomaly in newborn babies. Management of the newborn with CHD represents a frontier of clinical pediatric cardiology. Progress in diagnosis and surgical treatment of the individuals with a heart defect has progressed to the point that almost all heart defects can be significantly improved and treated. Cardiovascular malformations account for about 10% of infant deaths and nearly half of all deaths from malformations
Steady-state rotational motion of the Photon M-2 satellite
Authors: Bulanov Denis Mikhailovich , Sazonov Victor Vasil’yevich
Published: September 2021

At the end of the flight, the attitude motion of the Photon M-2 satellite (it was in orbit 2005.05.31-2005.06.16) can be described by a generalized conservative system of differential equations. The secular change in the own kinetic moment of this satellite is described by the so-called evolutionary equations of Beletsky, which also form a generalized conservative system. The preprint examines the relationship between these systems. The satellite motion equations are reduced to equations of the 4th order describing the motion of the satellite axis of symmetry. Beletsky's equations are of the second order and describe the secular motion of the ort of the satellite's own kinetic moment. The solutions of these systems of equations corresponding to the real movements of the satellite are, respectively, conditionally periodic and periodic. The solutions of the 4th-order system are dominated by two frequencies – high and low ones. The spectral analysis showed that the low frequency coincides with the frequency of solutions of Beletsky’s equations. And the solutions of these equations coincide with the low-frequency component in the solution of the 4th-order system with respect to the variables that determine the direction of the axis of symmetry of the satellite.
Brucellosis in Omsk region in 2008–2018
Authors:   Omsk Research Institute of Feral Herd Infections, Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, Omsk, Russian Federation, Nurpeysova A.Kh. ,   City Clinical Hospital No 40, Moscow Healthcare Department, Moscow, Russian Federation, Pnevskiy Yu.A. ,   Omsk Department of the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, Omsk, Russian Federation, Ivanchikov A.A. ,   D.M.Dalmatov Clinical Hospital for Infectious Diseases No 1, Omsk, Russian Federation, Pleshkov V.Yu. ,   I.I.Mechnikov North-Western State Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, Aleksandrova D.I. ,   Omsk State Medical University, Omsk, Russian Federation, Lyapina E.P. ,   V.I.Razumovsky Saratov State Medical University, Saratov, Russian Federation
Published: September 2021

Omsk region is part of the Siberian Federal district (SFD), for many years the situation on brucellosis in the region is characterized as unstable. The objective of the study was to analyze the clinical and epidemiological situation of brucellosis in Omsk and Omsk region in 2008–2018 and to identify the relationship between the incidence of brucellosis in humans and the location of enterprises for processing animal products. Material and methods. We have conducted an analysis of 407 of official records in epidemiologi-epidemiological situation in the Omsk region for the period 2008–2018 and the data portal, participants of the market of dairy (http://milknet.ru) and cold (http://meatinfo.ru) products. Results. Indicators of the incidence of brucellosis in the region exceeded significantly those in the Siberian Federal district and Russia in general. The peak of brucellosis incidence in Omsk region was in 2008–2010. The risk groups were people of working age (40–59 years). The connection of the disease with the profession was established in 44 patients with brucellosis. The prevalence of chronic brucellosis in 41 (45.0%) patients and residual brucellosis in 12 (13.0%) patients over other clinical variants was revealed. Epizootological situation of brucellosis in Omsk region was characterized as unstable. During the analyzed period, 22 unfavorable points on brucellosis of farm animals were registered. Most of the problem areas (20 out of 22) were identified in private households. The number of cases of brucellosis is comparable with the number of enterprises for processing raw materials of animal origin. Conclusion. To improve the effectiveness of measures taken to combat brucellosis in the region, strict monitoring of compliance with sanitary and anti-epidemic measures in enterprises of all forms of ownership and real programs to support private owners of the animals. Key words: brucellosis, Omsk region, epidemic situation, epizootic situation
A Novel Imputation Approach for Sharing Protected Public Health Data
Authors: Erdman Elizabeth A. , Young Leonard D. , Bernson Dana L. , Bauer Cici , Chui Kenneth , Stopka Thomas J.
Published: September 2021

Objectives. To develop an imputation method to produce estimates for suppressed values within a shared government administrative data set to facilitate accurate data sharing and statistical and spatial analyses.

Methods. We developed an imputation approach that incorporated known features of suppressed Massachusetts surveillance data from 2011 to 2017 to predict missing values more precisely. Our methods for 35 de-identified opioid prescription data sets combined modified previous or next substitution followed by mean imputation and a count adjustment to estimate suppressed values before sharing. We modeled 4 methods and compared the results to baseline mean imputation.

Results. We assessed performance by comparing root mean squared error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE), and proportional variance between imputed and suppressed values. Our method outperformed mean imputation; we retained 46% of the suppressed value’s proportional variance with better precision (22% lower RMSE and 26% lower MAE) than simple mean imputation.

Conclusions. Our easy-to-implement imputation technique largely overcomes the adverse effects of low count value suppression with superior results to simple mean imputation. This novel method is generalizable to researchers sharing protected public health surveillance data. (Am J Public Health. 2021; 111(10):1830–1838. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2021.306432 )
Prevention of Sexually Transmitted Diseases and Pregnancy Prevention Among Native American Youths: A Randomized Controlled Trial, 2016–2018
Authors: Tingey Lauren , Chambers Rachel , Patel Hima , Littlepage Shea , Lee Shauntel , Lee Angelita , Susan Davette , Melgar Laura , Slimp Anna , Rosenstock Summer
Published: September 2021

Objectives. To evaluate the efficacy of the Respecting the Circle of Life program (RCL) among Native American youths 11 to 19 years of age residing in a rural reservation community in the southwestern United States.

Methods. Between 2016 and 2018, we conducted a randomized controlled trial of the RCL program with 534 Native youths. Participants completed assessments at baseline and 9 and 12 months after the intervention. We conducted intention-to-treat analyses based on study group randomization.

Results. At 9 months, intervention participants had significantly better condom use self-efficacy (P < .001), higher intentions to use condoms (P = .024) and abstain from sex (P = .008), and better contraceptive use self-efficacy (P < .001) than control participants, as well as better condom use (P = .032) and contraceptive use (P = .002) negotiation skills. At 12 months, intervention participants had significantly better sexual and reproductive health knowledge (P = .021), condom use self-efficacy (P < .001), contraceptive use self-efficacy (P < .001), and contraceptive use negotiation skills (P = .004) than control participants. Intervention participants reported significantly more communication with their parents about sexual and reproductive health than control participants at both 9 and 12 months (P = .042 and P = .001, respectively).

Conclusions. The RCL program has a significant impact on key factors associated with pregnancy prevention among Native youths and should be used as an adolescent pregnancy prevention strategy.

Trial Registration.  Clinical Trials.gov identifier: NCT02904629. (Am J Public Health. 2021;111(10): 1874–1884. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2021.306447 )
An investigation of the feasibility of assimilating COSMOS soil moisture into GeoWATCH
Authors: Eylander John , Lewis Michael , Stevens Maria , Green John , Fairley Joshua
Published: September 2021

This project objective evaluated the potential of improving linked weather-and-mobility model predictions by blending soil moisture observations from a Cosmic-ray Soil Moisture Observing System (COSMOS) sensor with weather-informed predictions of soil moisture and soil strength from the Geospatial Weather-Affected Terrain Conditions and Hazards (GeoWATCH). Assimilating vehicle-borne COSMOS observations that measure local effects model predictions of soil moisture offered potential to produce more accurate soil strength and vehicle mobility forecast was the hypothesis. This project compared soil moisture observations from a COSMOS mobile sensor driven around an area near Iowa Falls, IA, with both GeoWATCH soil moisture predictions and in situ probe observations. The evaluation of the COSMOS rover data finds that the soil moisture measurements contain a low measurement bias while the GeoWATCH estimates more closely matched the in situ data. The COSMOS rover captured a larger dynamic range of soil moisture conditions as compared to GeoWATCH, capturing both very wet and very dry soil conditions, which may better flag areas of high risk for mobility considerations. Overall, more study of the COSMOS rover is needed to better understand sensor performance in a variety of soil conditions to determine the feasibility of assimilating the COSMOS rover estimates into GeoWATCH.
Integrity Evaluation of Cement Ring during Fracturing and Flowback of Horizontal Well in Jimsar Shale Oil
Authors: Yang Hu , Zhou Penggao , Xiong Chao , Yu Shifu , Li Jiancai
Published: September 2021

Horizontal well volume fracturing has become the main technology for effective development of unconventional oil and gas. In the process of fracturing and flowback of horizontal wells, the changes of wellbore temperature and pressure will affect the magnitude and distribution of stress in cement sheath, which may lead to compression or tensile failure of cement sheath, or a microclearance between casing and cement sheath. Therefore, based on the elastic theory of thick-walled cylinder, the elastic model of casing cement sheath and formation combination is established, and the finite difference program FLAC3D (Fast Lagrangian Analysis of Contimua in Three-Dimensional) was used to solve the model. The simulation evaluation of several horizontal wells in Jimusar shale oil shows that the main failure mode of cement sheath in horizontal well section is radial compression or circumferential tensile failure in fracturing period, and the main failure mode is a microclearance failure in flowback period. Taking Jimusar shale oil horizontal well JHW00421 as an example, the critical values of wellbore pressure and mechanical parameters of cement when cement sheath fails during fracturing flowback and their relationship are predicted or evaluated. The findings of this study are helpful to better understand and evaluate how different fracturing or flowback operation parameters affect the integrity of cement sheath and the effectiveness of interlayer sealing in horizontal well sections.
Seepage Characteristics of a Low Permeability Sandstone Reservoir in Mobei Oilfield, Junggar Basin
Authors: Lisha Qi , Zhibin Jiang , Xiaowei Wang , Jie Wang , Chuanchuan Qian
Published: September 2021

The microscopic pore structure characteristics and the oil-water two-phase seepage law in the low permeability sandstone reservoir in Mobei oilfield in Junggar Basin were analyzed through laboratory experiments. The results of mercury pressure, constant velocity mercury pressure, thin slice of casting, and CT scan analyses showed that the reservoir had strong microheterogeneity with the presence of local large channels. The large channel had a small volume but considerably contributed to the permeability, which played a crucial role in the reservoir seepage. The relative permeability curve showed that with the increase of water saturation, the relative permeability of the oil phase decreased rapidly; the water phase relative permeability of glutenite, gravel-bearing sandstone, and coarse sandstone increased slightly; and the water cut increased rapidly. The relative permeability of the water phase of medium and fine sandstone increased, the water cut increased rapidly, and the residual oil saturation was high. In the process of core displacement, on-line CT scanning monitoring showed that before the breakthrough of the water drive front, the oil saturation decreased greatly along the way. After the breakthrough of the water drive front, the water cut increased rapidly and directly entered the ultrahigh water cut stage. Owing to the serious heterogeneity of the micropore structure, the fingering phenomenon was obvious in the process of displacement.