bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A three‐dimensional distance transform for optimizing constrained mountain railway alignments
Authors: Pu Hao , Song Taoran , Schonfeld Paul , Li Wei , Zhang Hong , Wang Jie , Hu Jianping , Peng Xianbao
Published: June 2019

Railway alignment optimization is considered one of the most complicated and time‐consuming problems in railway planning and design. It requires searching among the infinite potential alternatives in huge three‐dimensional (3D) search spaces for a near‐optimal alignment, while considering complex constraints and a nonlinear objective function. In mountainous regions, the complex terrain and constructions require additional and more complex constraints than in topographically simpler regions. In this paper, the authors solve this problem with an algorithm based on a 3D distance transform (3D‐DT). Compared with previous two‐dimensional distance transform (2D‐DT) methods developed in this field, the feasible search spaces of 3D‐DT are greatly increased. Consequently, this new method can find more alternatives with higher qualities. In this approach, an erythrocyte‐shaped 3D neighboring mask is developed to narrow local search spaces and speed up the search process. Besides, a stepwise‐backstepping strategy is designed to dynamically determine feasible 3D search spaces and efficiently search the study area. During the 3D‐DT search process, multiple constraints, including geometric, construction, and location constraints, are effectively handled. After the 3D‐DT search, a genetic algorithm is employed to optimize the 3D‐DT paths into final alignments. Finally, this novel approach is applied to an actual case in a complex mountainous region. The comprehensive cost of the best solution generated by 3D‐DT is 16% below a manual solution produced by very experienced human designers. Furthermore, the total number of feasible alternatives found by 3D‐DT is 4.3 times greater than by 2D‐DT. The comprehensive cost of the best 3D‐DT solution is 10% below the best one generated by 2D‐DT.
Rotor–Stator Interactions in a 2.5-Stage Axial Compressor—Part I: Experimental Analysis of Tyler–Sofrin Modes
Authors: Terstegen Marius , Sanders Christoph , Jeschke Peter , Schoenenborn Harald
Published: June 2019

This two-part paper investigates the influence of rotor–stator interactions on the blade vibrational stresses of the first rotor, excited by the downstream stator. To this end, aeroacoustic and aeroelastic measurements and numerical setup studies for the solver TRACE are conducted in order to improve the predictive accuracy of blade vibrational stresses. Part I compares tip timing data for resonance crossings of three blisk modes to numerical predictions. Due to the single-row analysis within the linearized version of the flow solver TRACE, unsteady rotor–stator interactions are excluded by default. The findings show that leaving out these interactions in the numerical setup can lead to 97% lower vibrational stress predictions with respect to the absolute value measured. To validate the prediction of rotor–stator interactions by the nonlinear frequency domain method of TRACE, unsteady pressure measurements were conducted at the casing in the inter-row section of the first stage. The results were analyzed using an optimized measuring grid and applying a compressed sensing-based azimuthal mode analysis. Predicted azimuthal mode numbers are in accordance with the experiment, whereas amplitudes deviate from the measurements in part. Part II focuses on the prediction of blade vibrational stresses. To this end, a detailed grid study is performed and comparisons to steady and unsteady measurement data are made. In summary, this two-part paper confirms the importance of rotor–stator interactions for blade vibrational stresses excited by downstream vanes at a state-of-the-art high-pressure compressor.
Film Cooling on the Geometrically Modified Trailing Edge Model of Gas Turbine Blade
Authors: Yang Zifeng , Johnson Mark , Posada Natalia , Ou Shichuan , Sondergaard Rolf
Published: June 2019

The objective of this study is to examine the effect of the geometrical modification of the land on the overall film cooling effectiveness on the cutback region of a turbine blade model. A room-temperature experiment was conducted, in which nitrogen serves as the cooling stream, and the mainstream flow is air. The adiabatic film cooling effectiveness was mapped employing the pressure-sensitive paint (PSP) technique. Data was acquired at five different blowing ratios (from 0.45 to 1.65) for both the baseline and the modified model. Detailed film cooling effectiveness from PSP measurements in correlation with the flow map in streamwise and spanwise planes from particle image velocimetry (PIV) measurements was performed, characterizing the effect of rounding the edges of the lands. The results show that the rounded edges enable the coolant flow to reach the top surface of the land area more readily, especially at low blowing ratios. Superior coolant coverage on the land surface observed in the PSP measurements are well correlated with the PIV measurements. At the high blowing ratio of 1.65, the round edge of the lands helps regulate the mixing between the coolant and mainstream flows, therefore the film cooling effectiveness in the slot region is also improved.
Dyspnoea and constipation: rare case of large bowel obstruction secondary to an incarcerated Morgagni hernia
Authors: Choy Kay Tai , Chiam Heng-Chin
Published: June 2019

Incarcerated diaphragmatic hernias are often challenging to diagnose.1Patients often present with non-specific abdominal symptoms, and barring an imaging modality that confirms herniation of intra-abdominal contents, there is no investigation sensitive or specific enough to identify it. It is a rare cause of mechanical bowel obstruction that clinicians should be aware of. This report describes a case of an 81-year-old man who presented to the emergency department with ongoing dyspnoea and constipation secondary to a partial large bowel obstruction due to an incarcerated Morgagni hernia. This case highlights the non-specific symptoms of this condition that often leads to a delayed diagnosis and aims to increase the awareness among clinicians.
Alteration of choroidal vascular structure in diabetic retinopathy
Authors: Kase Satoru , Endo Hiroaki , Takahashi Mitsuo , Saito Michiyuki , Yokoi Masahiko , Ito Yuki , Katsuta Satoshi , Sonoda Shozo , Sakamoto Taiji , Ishida Susumu , Kase Manabu
Published: June 2019

Purpose

The aim of this study was to analyse choroidal structures in normal patients and patients with diabetes with various severities of diabetic retinopathy (DR).

Methods

This is a retrospective observation case control study. Three hundred and forty-two diabetic eyes, and age-matched 112 eyes without diabetes mellitus (DM) were enrolled in this study. Patients with DM were classified into no DR, mild/moderate non-proliferative DR (mNPDR), severe NPDR and proliferative DR (PDR). Patients with DM were further divided into two groups based on information regarding systemic DM treatment situation: DM-treated and untreated groups. Central choroidal thickness (CCT), and total choroidal area (TCA), luminal area (LA) and stromal area (SA) were determined using enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography and a binarisation method, respectively. The ratio of LA in the TCA was defined as L/C ratio.

Results

The haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) value was significantly higher in the DM-untreated than in the DM-treated subjects. L/C ratio was significantly lower in all the diabetic eyes than control eyes (p<0.05). TCA, LA, L/C ratio and CCT were significantly greater in the DM-untreated than treated group (each p<0.05). In the DM-untreated group, TCA and LAs (p<0.05) and L/C ratio (p<0.01) were significantly lower in mNPDR subjects than normal controls (p<0.05). PDR in the DM-untreated group showed significantly larger SA and LA, and greater CCT than normal controls (each p<0.05).

Conclusions

These results suggest that choroidal vasculature was initially involved at an early DR, whereas thickened LA and SA were noted in advanced DR.
On illness and value: biopolitics, psychosomatics, participating bodies
Authors: Greco Monica
Published: June 2019

In its heyday, around the mid-twentieth century, psychosomatic medicine was promoted as heralding a new science of body/mind relations that held the promise of transforming medicine as a whole. Sixty years on, the field appears to have achieved no more than a respectable position as a research specialism within the medical status quo. This paper articulates the problematic of psychosomatics through a number of propositions that reconnect its promise of novelty to the present and to contemporary concerns. In contrast to classic approaches to ‘psychosomatic problems’, which typically set out by denouncing the conceptual inadequacy of mind/body dualism, the focus proposed is on the resilience of dualism as an empirical datum deserving closer analysis. The paper thus asks: what is the character of dualism considered under the aspect of what it achieves, and thus as an expression of value? Drawing on the thought of A N Whitehead, Michel Foucault and Viktor von Weizsäcker, the argument formulates a set of ‘psychosomatic problems’ informed by the concept of biopolitics and introduces their relevance in relation to the politics of participatory medicine.
Mountain neurology
Authors: Dekker Marieke Cornelia Johanna , Wilson Mark H , Howlett William Patrick
Published: June 2019

Mountain climbers may develop specific illnesses that largely depend on the altitude reached and the rate of ascent. The popularity of travel to high altitude destinations, extreme tourist activities and mountain climbing means that neurologists in low-altitude countries are increasingly likely to encounter neurological problems and disorders in people exposed to high altitude. Additionally, they may have to advise patients with pre-existing neurological conditions on the risks of ascent to altitude. This article focuses on neurological-related high-altitude illnesses: acute mountain sickness and high-altitude cerebral oedema, as well as high-altitude retinopathy and other neurological disorders. This overview combines current understood pathogenesis with the experience of managing altitude-related illness at the foot of Mount Kilimanjaro in northern Tanzania, the tallest free-standing mountain in the world.
Triplet-Pair States in Organic Semiconductors
Authors: Musser Andrew J. , Clark Jenny
Published: June 2019

Entanglement of states is one of the most surprising and counterintuitive consequences of quantum mechanics, with potent applications in cryptography and computing. In organic semiconductor materials, one particularly significant manifestation is the spin-entangled triplet-pair state, which consists of a pair of localized triplet excitons coupled into an overall spin-0, -1, or -2 configuration. The most widely analyzed of these is the spin-0 pair, denoted 1(TT), which was initially invoked in the 1960s to explain delayed fluorescence in acene films. It is considered an essential gateway state for triplet-triplet annihilation and the reverse process, singlet fission, enabling interconversion between one singlet and two triplet excitons without any change in overall spin. This state has returned to the forefront of organic materials research in recent years, thanks both to its central role in the resurgent field of singlet fission and to its implication in a host of exotic new photophysical behaviors. Here we review the properties of triplet-pair states, from first principles to recent experimental results.
Imaging Quantum Vortices in Superfluid Helium Droplets
Authors: Gessner Oliver , Vilesov Andrey F.
Published: June 2019

Free superfluid helium droplets constitute a versatile medium for a diverse range of experiments in physics and chemistry that extend from studies of the fundamental laws of superfluid motion to the synthesis of novel nanomaterials. In particular, the emergence of quantum vortices in rotating helium droplets is one of the most dramatic hallmarks of superfluidity and gives detailed access to the wave function describing the quantum liquid. This review provides an introduction to quantum vorticity in helium droplets, followed by a historical account of experiments on vortex visualization in bulk superfluid helium and a more detailed discussion of recent advances in the study of the rotational motion of isolated, nano- to micrometer-scale superfluid helium droplets. Ultrafast X-ray and extreme ultraviolet scattering techniques enabled by X-ray free-electron lasers and high-order harmonic generation in particular have facilitated the in situ detection of droplet shapes and the imaging of vortex structures inside individual, isolated droplets. New applications of helium droplets ranging from studies of quantum phase separations to mechanisms of low-temperature aggregation are discussed.
Deformed Wing Virus in Honeybees and Other Insects
Authors: Martin Stephen J. , Brettell Laura E.
Published: June 2019

Deformed wing virus (DWV) has become the most well-known, widespread, and intensively studied insect pathogen in the world. Although DWV was previously present in honeybee populations, the arrival and global spread of a new vector, the ectoparasitic mite Varroa destructor, has dramatically altered DWV epidemiology. DWV is now the most prevalent virus in honeybees, with a minimum average of 55% of colonies/apiaries infected across 32 countries. Additionally, DWV has been detected in 65 arthropod species spanning eight insect orders and three orders of Arachnida. Here, we describe the significant progress that has been made in elucidating the capsid structure of the virus, understanding its ever-expanding host range, and tracking the constantly evolving DWV genome and formation of recombinants. The construction of molecular clones, working with DWV in cell lines, and the development of immunohistochemistry methods will all help the community to move forward. Identifying the tissues in which DWV variants are replicating and understanding the impact of DWV in non-honeybee hosts are major new goals.
Increasing Medical Student Interest in Nephrology
Authors: Sozio Stephen M. , Pivert Kurtis A. , Shah Hitesh H. , Chakkera Harini A. , Asmar Abdo R. , Varma Manu R. , Morrow Benjamin D. , Patel Ankit B. , Leight Katlyn , Parker Mark G.
Published: June 2019

Background: Interest in nephrology careers is declining, possibly due to perceptions of the field and/or training aspects. Understanding practices of medical schools successfully instilling nephrology interest could inform efforts to attract leading candidates to the specialty. Methods: The American Society of Nephrology Workforce Committee’s Best Practices Project was one of several initiatives to increase nephrology career interest. Board-certified nephrologists graduating medical school between 2002 and 2009 were identified in the American Medical Association Masterfile and their medical schools ranked by production. Renal educators from the top 10 producing institutions participated in directed focus groups inquiring about key factors in creating nephrology career interest, including aspects of their renal courses, clinical rotations, research activities, and faculty interactions. Thematic content analysis of the transcripts (with inductive reasoning implementing grounded theory) was performed to identify factors contributing to their programs’ success. Results: The 10 schools identified were geographically representative, with similar proportions of graduates choosing internal medicine (mean 26%) as the national graduating class (26% in the 2017 residency Match). Eighteen educators from 9 of these 10 institutions participated. Four major themes were identified contributing to these schools’ success: (1) nephrology faculty interaction with medical students; (2) clinical exposure to nephrology and clinical relevance of renal pathophysiology materials; (3) use of novel educational modalities; and (4) exposure, in particular early exposure, to the breadth of nephrology practice. Conclusion: Early and consistent exposure to a range of clinical nephrology experiences and nephrology faculty contact with medical students are important to help generate interest in the specialty.
Disseminated cutaneous chrysosporium infection
Authors: Dincy Peter CV , Meera Thomas , Susanne Pulimood A , Promila Raj M
Published: June 2019

Cutaneous chrysosporium infection is extremely rare and underdiagnosed. We present an immunocompromised patient who presented with recurrent cutaneous abscesses. Histopathology of the abscess showed thick-walled conidia and septate fungal hyphae within the subcutis and fungal culture grew Chrysosporium species.
Perceived school kindness and academic engagement: The mediational roles of achievement goal orientations
Authors: Datu Jesus Alfonso D. , Park Nansook
Published: June 2019

Perceptions of kindness at school have been linked to a few positive psychological outcomes including optimism, happiness, life satisfaction, and social goals. However, limited evidence has been generated on how kindness relates to academic-related outcomes. This study explored the association of perceived school kindness with different domains of academic engagement. It also examined whether school kindness would have indirect effects on engagement outcomes via the intermediate variables – achievement goal orientations (i.e., mastery-approach, mastery-avoidance, performance-approach, and performance-avoidance goals). Results showed that school kindness was positively correlated to agentic, behavioral, cognitive, and emotional engagement. Bias-corrected bootstrapping analyses demonstrated that perceived school kindness had indirect effects on behavioral engagement and cognitive engagement via the intermediate variables, approach goals. While mastery-approach goals mediated the link between perceived school kindness and emotional engagement, performance-approach goals mediated the association of perceived school kindness with agentic engagement. Theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed.
Bridge transition monitoring: Interpretation of track defects using digital image correlation and distributed fiber optic strain sensing
Authors: Pannese Eric M , Take W Andy , Hoult Neil A , Yan Ruobing , Le Hoat
Published: June 2019

Railway bridge transitions represent locations of vertical stiffness variations that are believed to amplify the dynamic wheel loads which contribute to the development of both differential track settlement and hanging sleeper issues that are difficult to resolve despite the current knowledge of bridge transition behaviour. This paper presents a field monitoring study of a railway bridge transition in which track defects – including both gaps between the rail and sleeper plates, i.e. “rail–sleeper gaps,” and rail flange scrape marks exposing bare steel – were observed during a visual inspection of the transition. Trains were monitored by measuring both track displacements using Digital Image Correlation and distributed rail strains using a Rayleigh-based fiber optic analyzer. Through analysis and interpretation of the collected monitoring data, it was found that measurements of rail–sleeper gaps could be used to obtain a first-order estimate of the shape of the differential track settlement profile. Additionally, it was found that measurements of scrape marks on the rail flange could be used to estimate the extent of longitudinal rail movement that could occur during train passage, and that the loads applied to the bridge structure were influenced by the nature of the rail–sleeper gaps at the monitoring site.
“I Didn’t Feel Treated as Mental Weirdo”: Primary Findings on Helpful Relationship Characteristics in Suicide Attempt Health Care in Lithuania
Authors: Latakienė Jolanta , Mastauskaitė Greta , Geležėlytė Odeta , Mažulytė-Rašytinė Eglė , Rimkevičienė Jurgita , Skruibis Paulius , Michel Konrad , Gysin-Maillart Anja
Published: June 2019

This article aims to investigate helpful relationship characteristics in suicide attempt health care. Semistructured interviews with seven participants (five women and two men; meanage = 26) were conducted after a suicide attempt. All participants took part in the Attempted Suicide Short Intervention Program (ASSIP). Findings revealed the necessity of an egalitarian, attentive, benevolent, and competent relationship with health-care specialists. Coercive clinical management was considered disrespectful, while the needs for physical safety and freedom were expressed. A suicide-specific treatment program in addition to standard care was considered helpful, in particular the development of warning signs and safety strategies.
Robustness of polyisobutylene for friction coefficients between bearing surfaces of bolted joints
Authors: Hashimura Shinji , Miki Toshiumi , Otsu Takefumi , Komatsu Kyoichi , Inoue Shota , Yamashita Shuhei , Omiya Yuya
Published: June 2019

In bolted joints, clamp force must be accurately controlled to secure their reliability. However, the clamp force varies widely in each tightening because friction coefficients at thread surfaces and bearing surfaces vary in each tightening due to lubricants, configuration error of bolts, surface roughness, and surface hardness, among other things. In this study, we investigated the robustness of polyisobutylene and ISO VG46 machine oil during the tightening process for several parameters of tightening conditions. We especially focused on variations of the friction coefficient between bearing surfaces at an appropriate target clamp force of M8 bolt/nut assemblies and change rates of the friction coefficients from the middle to the end of the appropriate target clamp force. Results showed that the friction coefficients at the target clamp force varied widely if ISO VG46 machine oil was used as a lubricant. In contrast, the variations of the friction coefficients in which polyisobutylene was used for tightening were small. Results also showed that the friction coefficients invariably decreased about 20% from the middle to the end of the target clamp force if ISO VG46 machine oil was used for the lubricant. However, if polyisobutylene was used, the friction coefficients were almost constant for all tightening instances.
Pitch stability analysis of high-lift wire rope hoist vertical shiplift under shallow water sloshing–structure interaction
Authors: Zhang Yang , Shi Duanwei , Liao Lekang , Shi Lang , Cheng Xionghao
Published: June 2019

Pitch stability under shallow water sloshing–structure interaction has always been the most concerned issue in the design of the high-lift wire rope hoist vertical shiplift, which brings great challenges to the operational safety. A semi-analytical method including the developed modal system and the new coupled dynamics model is presented for pitch stability analysis. Based on the linear modal theory, the modal system is developed to describe the shallow water sloshing in the shiplift chamber, and the hydrodynamic moment associated with infinite set of modal functions is reasonably simplified by only retaining the lowest mode. Then a new 9-DOF coupled dynamics model of the complete main hoist system, shiplift chamber motion, and shallow water sloshing is established as dynamic equations by using the Lagrange equation of the second kind. Subsequently, the coefficient matrix of the dynamic equations and the Lyapunov motion stability theory are used in combination to numerically obtain the critical distance of suspension points. Taking four typical high-lift wire rope hoist shiplifts as an example, the results indicate that the proposed scheme improves the computational accuracy by 7.0–20.8% with respect to previous methods. Furthermore, for the being designed 200 m level wire rope hoist vertical shiplift, the preliminary design parameters can ensure the pitch stability safety factor not less than 1.3, increasing the wire rope stiffness or the synchronous shaft stiffness can effectively enhance the pitch stability.
Emplaced care and atmospheric politics in unbreathable worlds
Authors: Kenner Alison
Published: June 2019

This paper contributes to emerging theories of unbreathable space by showing how breathers with asthma engage environments and atmospheres as the substrate of their everyday lives. Drawing on in-depth interviews with more than 80 asthma sufferers living in the United States, I show how nonpharmaceutical care practices are used to breathe in place. First, I argue that attunement operates as a labor of care that engages with and creates the substrate of everyday life. Next, I describe a range of emplacement tactics that breathers use to navigate atmospheres and environments that are potentially risky, or that immediately produce asthma symptoms. Emplaced care involves situating oneself in ways that protect the breathing body within the sociomaterial spaces of everyday life. Finally, people with asthma are orientated differently than other breathers who may share the same atmosphere, but are not pathologically sensitized to it. These narratives of asthma care lend insight into emergent atmospheric politics by showing how differently attuned breathers care through environments by isolating, distancing, and barricading themselves from the world and others.
The Perception of Macro-rhythm in Jewish English Intonation
Authors: Burdin Rachel Steindel
Published: June 2019

This article investigates intonation’s place in what Sarah Bunin Benor calls the American Jewish English repertoire, a collection of features that speakers can use to index Jewish identity. Results from a perceptual experiment show variation in which intonational contours listeners associate with Jewishness. Jewish listeners, particularly those with connections with Yiddish speakers, pick out a phonetically distinct rise-fall as indicating Jewishness; however, non-Jewish listeners hear a different set of contours—a less phonetically distinct rise-fall and a rise—as sounding Jewish. The author proposes that there is a unifying feature being perceived as “Jewish”: specifically, more macro-rhythmic contours (with regular alternations of high and low pitch) are heard as more Jewish. For Jewish speakers, only the contour with the greatest degree of macro-rhythm (the rise-fall with higher peaks) is heard as Jewish; for non-Jewish speakers, a lower degree of macro-rhythm suffices. Intonation thus behaves much like other parts of the sound system in that the social meaning of a particular linguistic feature is highly dependent on an individual’s linguistic and social history.
Tożsamość, dominacja i Internet – zagadnienie apropriacji kulturowej w dyskursie internetowym
Authors: Kupis Marta
Published: June 2019

IDENTITY, DOMINANCE AND INTERNET – CULTURAL APPROPRIATION IN ON-LINE DISCOURSEIntensification of international contacts during globalisation allowed for mutual understanding and inspiration between representatives of different cultures. Nevertheless, the line between inspiration and copying other cultures’ elements appears thin, unnoticeable in comparison to financial gains from customs’ commercialisation. This topic is discussed in the West as cultural appropriation. The goals of this article were to see what behaviours are perceived as appropriation and if it is perceived as an intercultural problem. The research, conducted on social media, indicates that cultural appropriation is a problematic topic, however the will to define it and treat as intercultural power abuse is increasing.
Zapobieganie i walka z epidemiami na południowo-wschodniej granicy Rzeczypospolitej za czasów króla Stanisława Augusta Poniatowskiego
Authors: Danowska Ewa
Published: June 2019

Prevention and Struggle Against Epidemics on the South-Eastern Borderlands of the Commonwealth in the Times of Stanisław August Poniatowski

Epidemics posed serious threat in the 18th century Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. Their most common appearance was evidenced in the south-eastern borderlands, and they often spread towards the center of the state with the movement of merchants and the military. In order to prevent the spread of these, a special quarantine houses were established on the borders. It were mainly the borderland magnates, as well as the state territorial administration headed by the Committee of Royal Treasury, that took a lead in work towards prevention of the epidemics. In the times of Stanisław August Poniatowski the most important quarantine houses functioned in Mohylew, Bałta, Białogród, Żwaniec and Jampol.
Omówienie mistycyzmu nazistowskiego w polskiej debacie naukowej
Authors: Szuppe Paweł
Published: June 2019

Discussion of Nazi Misticizm in the Polish Scholarly Debate

The article presents the theoretical foundations of Nazi mysticism, in the works of Polish scholars of the subject. It focuses on the emergence of the NSDAP party, discussing its philosophical and mystical origins. The essential components party mysticism are debated as well. The article refers to the development of mysticism in the theoretical and political principles of Nazism.
Polska emigracja niepodległościowa w Libanie 1943-1950 na tle uchodźstwa polskiego czasów II wojny światowej
Authors: Murkociński Mikołaj
Published: June 2019

Polish Independence Diaspora in Lebanon in the Years 1943-1950 in the Light of Polish Emigration During World War II The aim of this article is to discuss Polish Diaspora in Lebanon in the years 1943-1950 in the light of Polish emigration during World War II. It was Lebanon, where an important immigration center was born, when the Polish government in exile in London lost Soviet recognition in favor of the new communist government based in Warsaw. This was possible due to numerous domestic, as well as international political and social factors, making possible the free development of institutions of Polish Diaspora in Lebanon.
John Foxe's "Rerum in ecclesia gestarum [...] commentarii in Sixteenth Century Polish Translation
Authors: Hanusiewicz-Lavallee Mirosława
Published: June 2019

This paper is devoted to the Polish translation of John Foxe’s famous Rerum in Ecclesia gestarum on Christian martyrs, authored by a Calvinist writer, printer and composer Cyprian Bazylik. His monumental Historyja o srogim prześladowaniu Kościoła Bożego (1567) was compiled from the works of John Foxe, Jean Crespin and Heinrich Pantaleon, supplemented with Jan van Utenhove’s account of the thrilling odyssey of the members of the London’s Foreign Church led by Jan Łaski. The author aimed at creation of a complete account of the persecuted Church throughout Europe, starting from John Wycliff to 1563. Historyja is the most significant witness of the impact of Foxe’s theological thought and ideas on the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.
London, England and Beyond: Social Transformations in Richard Brome's "The Sparagus Garden"
Authors: Moyrer Christine
Published: June 2019

Richard Brome’s The Sparagus Garden (1635) unfolds against the backdrop of the rapidly transforming urban and social landscapes of Caroline London. This paper argues that this play is deeply implicated in the discursive processes of appropriating and understanding London’s shifting urban and social topographies. Abounding with topical and topographical allusions, the play has long drawn critical interest mainly for its documentary qualities and its exploitation of the short-lived theatrical vogue for ‘place-realism’. Spatial mobility, changes in the city’s urban landscape and the play’s insistent questioning of fundamental categories of social status, belonging and identity have taken centre stage, as critics have acknowledged that the play addresses and negotiates pressing anxieties of a society in flux.
Is prehospital lactate testing useful in improving clinical assessment?
Authors: Robinson Simon
Published: June 2019

Introduction:

Lactate devices offer the potential for paramedics to improve patient triage and escalation of care for specific presentations. There is also scope to improve existing prehospital tools by including lactate measurement.

Method:

A literature search was conducted using the Medline, CINAHL, Academic Search Premier, Sciencedirect and Scopus databases.

Findings:

Acquiring prehospital lactate measurement in trauma settings improved triage and recognition of the need for critical care. Within a medical setting, studies offered mixed results in relating prehospital lactate measurement to diagnosis, escalating treatments and mortality. The accuracy of prehospital lactate measurements acquired varies, which could impact decision making.

Conclusion:

Prehospital lactate thresholds could aid decision making, although the literature is limited and evidence varies. Lactate values of ≥4 mmol/litre in medical and ≥2.5 mmol/litre in trauma patients could signify that care should be escalated to an appropriate facility, and that resuscitative measures should be initiated, particularly with sepsis, as reflected by standardised lactate values that guide treatment in hospitals. Similarly, a lactate value of <2 mmol/litre could mean de-escalating care into the community, although further research is warranted on this.
Nearly qualified student paramedics' perceptions of reflection and use in practice
Authors: Howlett Gemma
Published: June 2019

Reflection is embedded in a variety of higher education healthcare programmes, and is a continuing professional development requirement for paramedics ( Health and Care Professions Council, 2012 ; 2014 ). The listed benefits of reflection include incorporation and exploration of an evidence base into a clinician's practice; avoidance of routine practice; identification of shortfalls in knowledge; and identification of learning needs by the reflector ( Jasper et al, 2013 ). Nine nearly qualified student paramedics took part in this qualitative study. The findings showed a positive attitude towards reflection among the students. Various barriers to reflection were identified. There appeared to be a lack of reflection and reflective practice in some sections of the paramedic workforce. Analysis of the findings have implications for both paramedic practice and paramedic education. This article is a summarised version of a research piece; therefore not all findings will be discussed.
Affiliate Stigma and Compassion Satisfaction Amongst Mental Health Service Providers at A Regional Psychiatric Hospital in Nigeria
Authors: Joyce Omoaregba , Blessing Uteh
Published: June 2019

Objective
Just like their patients, mental health service providers also face stigma. Internalisation of these negative stereotypes could lead to the development of affiliate stigma, reduce their compassion satisfactionand reduce their effectiveness in delivering quality health care to their patients. This study investigated the relationships between affiliate stigma and compassion satisfaction in frontline mental health service providers in a mental health facility in Nigeria.

Method
This was a cross-sectional study which recruited 183 mental health service providers working in a mental health facility in Nigeria, and who completed questionnaires on affiliate stigma and compassion satisfaction.

Results
Affiliate stigma among mental health service providers in this study was relatively high (41.5%), and psychiatrists were significantly more likely A to report higher levels of affiliate stigma compared to the psychiatric nurses (p=0.03, OR=0.38,95% CI=0.15 – 0.94). Psychiatrists and Psychiatric nurses who worked for longer hours (> 42 hours per week) reported significantly lower Affiliate stigma (t=2.148, df=28, p=0.04; t=2.118, df=135, p=0.04 respectively). Psychiatrists with high levels of affiliate stigma were more likely to have lower compassion satisfaction, but this was not true of Psychiatric nurses. Mental health service providers who endorse the psychosocial aetiology of mental illness, are significantly more likely to report having experienced high affiliate stigma (F=3.980, df=2, p=0.03).

Conclusion
The levels of affiliate stigma among mental health service providers in this study was relatively high, particularly among the professional group of psychiatrists. There is an urgent need to address internalization of negative stereotypes among mental health service providers in order to prevent experiences of discrimination among their patients.
Transhiatal versus Left Transthoracic Esophagectomy for Gastroesophageal Junction Cancer; The Impact of Surgical Approach on Postoperative Complications
Authors: Mir Mohammad Reza , Lashkari Marzieh , Ghalehtaki Reza , Mir Ali , Latif Amir Hossein
Published: June 2019

BACKGROUND Esophagectomy is the mainstay of treatment for esophageal cancer. Although different surgical approaches have been described, choosing the most appropriate technique is still on debate. We compared the complications of transhiatal esophagectomy (THE) versus left transthoracic esophagectomy (LTE) among a group of Iranian patients with gastroesophageal junction cancer. METHODS This was a retrospective study between 2011 and 2013 on 40 patients with gastroesophageal cancer. 23 patients underwent THE and the others underwent LTE. 30-day postoperative mortality, complications, duration of hospital stay, and number of dissected lymph nodes were studied. RESULTS 37.5% of the patients had squamous cell carcinoma. No mortality was seen. Totally, 10 patients suffered from complications. Cardiac and pulmonary complications occurred in eight and six patients, respectively. No patients suffered from vocal cord injuries and anastomotic leakage. The mean duration of postoperative hospital stay was 11.82 ± 3.8 days, and the mean number of dissected lymph nodes was 8.2 ± 3.9. No significant difference was seen between the two groups (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION Choosing between the approaches for resection of gastroesophageal cancer may not impact the complications and mortality rates. We propose that LTE approach could be used safely in comparison with THE, and that selecting between THE and LTE may be based on the surgeon’s preference and experience.
Post-infectious Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Narrative Review
Authors: Sadeghi Anahita , Biglari Mohammad , Nasseri Moghaddam Siavosh
Published: June 2019

The Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional disorder of alimentary system, which may be caused by infectious gastroenteritis determined as post infectious irritable bowel syndrome (PI-IBS). The prevalence of PI-IBS is reported to be 4-36% in patients with infectious gastroenteritis. The exact mechanism leading to PI-IBS is not fully understood and some factors pertaining to infectious agent and host response may have a role. Rome IV diagnostic criteria provided new definition for PI-IBS. Though it is now considered a well-defined functional disorder of gastrointestinal system, no specific treatment is yet available for PI-IBS. This article reviews the latest issues on these heading about PI-IBS.
Outcomes of Chinese Rural Protest
Authors: Sun Bin
Published: June 2019

There are many protests about loss of village land in rural China. By following both short-term and long-term outcomes of one such protest, in Wukan, Guangdong, this article illustrates the strategies Chinese governments employ to appease protesters, and the consequences of a local protest for individuals, the protest group, and the broader society.
Political Education and Legal Pragmatism of Muslim Organizations in India
Authors: Emmerich Arndt
Published: June 2019

This article discusses the involvement of Muslim organizations in disseminating political education and legal pragmatism in India. Drawing on qualitative fieldwork between 2011 and 2015, this study contributes to a better theoretical understanding of how Muslim organizations engage in democratic processes, rather than being perceived as opposed to notions of democratic participation, by examining the Popular Front of India’s promotion of rights consciousness among its followers.
Interpreting the Perennial Impasse in Indo-Pak Relations
Authors: Khanna Shrey
Published: June 2019

Since the September 2016 attack in Uri, Indo-Pak relations have steadily gotten worse. India cites Pakistan-sponsored terrorism in Kashmir as the major reason for this deterioration, with the 14 February 2019 bombing at Pulwama as the most recent dramatic example; Pakistan blames Indian atrocities in Kashmir. But after every attempt to initiate dialogue, there is a return to hostility. This paper analyzes this cyclical pattern of dialogue, estrangement, and hostility in Indo-Pak relations. Further, it seeks to explain the structural, ideational, and strategic aspects of the problem and to outline a course correction in Indian foreign policy.
A Reinvestigation of the Source Dilemma Hypothesis
Authors: Kowalewski Douglas A. , Friedman Ronald S. , Zavoyskiy Stan , Neill W. Trammell
Published: June 2019

In a recent article, Bonin, Trainor, Belyk, and Andrews (2016) proposed a novel way in which basic processes of auditory perception may influence affective responses to music. According to their source dilemma hypothesis (SDH), the relative fluency of a particular aspect of musical processing—the parsing of the music into distinct audio streams—is hedonically marked: Efficient stream segregation elicits pleasant affective experience whereas inefficient segregation results in unpleasant affective experience, thereby contributing to (dis)preference for a musical stimulus. Bonin et al. (2016) conducted two experiments, the results of which were ostensibly consistent with the SDH. However, their research designs introduced major confounds that undermined the ability of these initial studies to offer unequivocal evidence for their hypothesis. To address this, we conducted a large-scale (N = 311) constructive replication of Bonin et al. (2016; Experiment 2), significantly modifying the design to rectify these methodological shortfalls and thereby better assess the validity of the SDH. Results successfully replicated those of Bonin et al. (2016), although they indicated that source dilemma effects on music preference may be more modest than their original findings would suggest. Unresolved issues and directions for future investigation of the SDH are discussed.
A Single Item Measure for Identifying Musician and Nonmusician Categories Based on Measures of Musical Sophistication
Authors: Zhang J. Diana , Schubert Emery
Published: June 2019

Musicians are typically identified in research papers by some single item measure (SIM) that focuses on just one component of musicality, such as expertise. Recently, musical sophistication has emerged as a more comprehensive approach by incorporating various components using multiple question items. However, the practice of SIM continues. The aim of this paper was to investigate which SIM in musical sophistication indexes best estimates musical sophistication. The Ollen Musical Sophistication Index (OMSI) and the Goldsmiths Musical Sophistication Index (Gold-MSI) were analyzed. The OMSI musician rank item (“Which title best describes you?”) was observed to be the best SIM for predicting OMSI and Gold-MSI scores. Analysis of the OMSI item indicated three parsimonious musical identity categories (MIC); namely, no musical identity (NMI), musical identity (MI), and strong musical identity (SMI). Further analyses of MIC against common SIMs used in literature showed characteristic profiles. For example, MIC membership according to years of private lessons are: NMI is < 6 years; MI is 6–10 years; and SMI is > 10 years. The finding of the study is that the SIM of musician rank should be used because of its face validity, correlation with musical sophistication, and plausible demarcation into the three MIC levels.
Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptors Function Redundantly During Zebrafish Embryonic Development
Authors: Leerberg Dena M , Hopton Rachel E , Draper Bruce W
Published: June 2019

The fibroblast growth factor (Fgf) signaling pathway has been implicated in many developmental processes, based largely on disruption of Fgf ligand gene functions. However, a mechanistic understanding of how Fgfs regulate each process will require...

Fibroblast growth factor (Fgf) signaling regulates many processes during development. In most cases, one tissue layer secretes an Fgf ligand that binds and activates an Fgf receptor (Fgfr) expressed by a neighboring tissue. Although studies have identified the roles of specific Fgf ligands during development, less is known about the requirements for the receptors. We have generated null mutations in each of the five fgfr genes in zebrafish. Considering the diverse requirements for Fgf signaling throughout development, and that null mutations in the mouse Fgfr1 and Fgfr2 genes are embryonic lethal, it was surprising that all zebrafish homozygous mutants are viable and fertile, with no discernable embryonic defect. Instead, we find that multiple receptors are involved in coordinating most Fgf-dependent developmental processes. For example, mutations in the ligand fgf8a cause loss of the midbrain-hindbrain boundary, whereas, in the fgfr mutants, this phenotype is seen only in embryos that are triple mutant for fgfr1a;fgfr1b;fgfr2, but not in any single or double mutant combinations. We show that this apparent fgfr redundancy is also seen during the development of several other tissues, including posterior mesoderm, pectoral fins, viscerocranium, and neurocranium. These data are an essential step toward defining the specific Fgfrs that function with particular Fgf ligands to regulate important developmental processes in zebrafish.
Templomépítészet a szocializmusban
Authors: Urbán Erzsébet
Published: June 2019

A II. világháborút követő politikai hatalomváltás utáni egyháztalanítás következményeként a magyarországi keresztény egyházak korábbi intenzív templomépítési tevékenysége alapvetően megtorpant. A két világháború közötti gazdag emlékanyag építészeti stílusának és formálásmódjának fokozatosan enyhülő hatása még majd két évtizeden át nyomon követhető, ám az 1960-as évek elejétől új formakísérletek kezdődtek. A katolikus egyház templomépítészetében a II. vatikáni zsinat impulzusának köszönhetően az 1970-es évektől kiszélesedett a stíluspluralizmus, és a korábbi hagyományos anyaghasználat mellett korábban nem alkalmazott épületszerkezetek és építőanyagok is megjelentek (gyakran iparias, már-már profán hatását keltve a szakrális térnek). Részben az alkotói munkásságoknak köszönhetően az újító megoldások a protestáns egyházak építészetében is teret nyertek. A tanulmány a szerkezetiség megjelenése és annak vizuális-esztétikai hangsúlya mentén vizsgálja az emlékeket, de nem a tendenciák megállapítására, hanem az egyes alkotói módszerek értékelésére helyezi a hangsúlyt. Az áttekintés a korábbi szakirodalomban számon tartott emlékanyaghoz képest jelentősen nagyobb számú további épületállományt vesz figyelembe, melyek többsége építőművészeti szempontból ugyan nem bír kiemelkedő jelentőséggel, mégis szociológiai-egyháztörténeti szempontból fontos a számszerűségük és az építésük ténye. A példák sorából kitűnik, hogy a korszak első harmadában épült templomoknál még erősen a hagyományos hossztengelyes elrendezés dominált a megszokott téglafalazatos és fa ácsszerkezettel készült tetővel, míg később gyakoribbá vált a vasbeton vázas és vázkitöltő falazatos, illetve vasbeton födémmel készült, szabadon formált szerkezeti rendszerek alkalmazása. A vizsgált periódus utolsó időszakában a posztmodern terjedésével, valamint a historizáló elemek újrafelfedezésével ismét előtérbe kerültek a hagyományos építési anyagok és szerkezetek. A tanulmány nem időrend szerint sorolja a kiválasztott épületeket, hanem az építész alkotók szerint tagol, és a szerkezet belső térre gyakorolt hatása alapján elemez.
Flame Synthesis of Carbon Nanotubes: Premixed and Diffusion Flame Configurations Illustrating Roles of Gas Composition and Catalyst
Authors: Vander Wal Randy L.
Published: June 2019

Illustrated in this talk will be the use of premixed and diffusion flames as reaction environments for carbon nanotube synthesis. We have tested both systems using catalysts as aerosols and supported upon substrates. Highlights will be shown demonstrating success and further challenges. For illustration, this abstract illustrates two key parameter spaces, namely gas composition and catalyst size and composition in premixed and diffusion flames, respectively.