bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Methodenanwendung in der empirischen Organisationsforschung. Ergebnisse einer empirischen Reanalyse
Authors: Grunow Dieter , Wohlfahrt Norbert
Published: May 2016

Anhand einer - methodenorientierten - Reanalyse von 229 Organisationsstudien aus den unterschiedlichsten Bereichen der Organisationsforschung wird der Versuch einer methodenkritischen Standortbestimmung der empirischen Organisationsforschung unternommen. Mittels eines am idealtypischen Ablauf des Forschungsprozesses orientierten Klassifikationsschemas wird der in Studien dokumentierte Forschungsprozeß als zentraler Bezugspunkt für eine Kritik und induktive Verbesserung der Methodenanwendung in der Organisationsforschung ausgewertet. Trotz des generell unzureichenden Niveaus der Methodenanwendung in der Organisationsforschung zeigen sich nicht nur interessante Trends hinsichtlich der methodischen Elaboriertheit von Organisationsuntersuchungen (im internen Vergleich deutsch- und englischsprachiger Studien oder in bezug auf den Publikationszeitpunkt einer Studie), sondern auch Bezugspunkte, deren Berücksichtigung die Qualität des methodischen Vorgehens nachhaltig beeinflußt. Diese bestehen vor allem in der Berücksichtigung der Organisation als komplexes soziales Gebilde bei der Gestaltung des Forschungsdesigns in der Organisationsforschung.
Chancengleichheit und Segregation: Ein Vorschlag zur Messung ungleicher Chancenstrukturen und ihrer zeitlichen Entwicklung
Authors: Handl Johann
Published: May 2016

Die vorliegende Arbeit diskutiert die wichtigsten der bislang in der Forschung verwandten Verfahren mit Hilfe des Dissimilaritätsindex Phänomene der Chancenungleichheit bzw. Segregation zu messen und in ihrer zeitlichen Veränderung zu bestimmen. Aus der Kritik am Ungenügen dieser Ansätze wird ein neues, auf dem allgemeinen log-linearen Modell basierendes Verfahren zur Zerlegung des Dissimilaritätsindex entwickelt. Dieses teilt die Veränderung des Dissimilaritätsindex in der Zeit in zwei Komponenten: eine einzig durch den Strukturwandel der betrachteten Ungleichheitsdimension zwischen zwei Zeitpunkten bedingte Veränderungskomponente (Struktureffekt) und einen Teil (Interaktionseffekt), der davon unabhängig Reduzierung oder Vergrößerung von Chancenungleichheit im engeren Sinn erfaßt.

Die Nachteile der bislang verwandten Verfahren wie die Vorteile der neuen Methode werden an Hand einer Untersuchung der Veränderung der geschlechtsspezifischen Bildungschancen der 28-30 Jährigen im Zeitraum zwischen 1950 und 1982 dargestellt.
Das Credo eines Metaphysikers
Authors: Elias Norbert
Published: May 2016

Popper beschäftigt sich in seiner Wissenschaftstheorie nicht mit den Wissenschaften als tatsächlichen Gegebenheiten, sondern konstruiert ein unüberprüfbares Idealbild „der“ Wissenschaft. Dabei vernachlässigt er, nach der hier geschaffenen Ausdrucksweise, den Unterschied zwischen eingleisigen, nämlich reinen Beziehungswissenschaften wie formaler Logik und zweigleisigen, nämlich empirisch-theoretischen Wissenschaften wie der Soziologie. Sein deduktionistisches Modell beruht auf der Annahme, daß die „empirische Basis“ der Wissenschaften strukturlos und Ordnung im Grunde nur in der „Logik“, also vermutlich im Denken zu finden sei. Wie andere Vertreter eines solchen nominalistischen Credos in der Tradition der klassischen europäischen Philosophie verkennt er, daß der menschliche Wissenserwerb sich in einem generationenübergreifenden Prozeß der Erweiterung und zum Teil der besseren Anpassung eines gesellschaftlichen Wissensfundus an die vorhandenen Strukturen des Universums vollzieht. Hinweise wie der auf die Notwendigkeit „intersubjektiver Nachprüfung“, die eine Einsicht in die Gesellschaftlichkeit des menschlichen Wissens Vortäuschen, stehen fast zusammenhanglos im Gesamtrahmen der wesentlich auf das einzelne Individuum abgestellten Popperschen Gedankengebilde.
Methodologie und Ontologie: Zum Problem kausaler Erklärung bei Max Weber
Authors: Wagner Gerhard , Zipprian Heinz
Published: May 2016

Es soll die Frage geprüft werden, ob Webers Modell kausaler Zurechnung - die von G. Radbruch und J. v. Kries übernommene Theorie der objektiven Möglichkeit und adäquaten Verursachung - mit denjenigen Elementen neukantianischen Denkens, die Weber von H. Rickert übernimmt, kompatibel sind. Dazu werden die Grundzüge der Philosophie und Begriffsbildungslehre Rickerts entwickelt. Eine Analyse von Webers Übertragung der juristischen Kausaltheorie auf das Feld der Kulturwissenschaften zeigt sodann die Schwierigkeiten auf, die Weber bei der Integration dieses kontrafaktisch verfahrenden Kausalmodells in seinen neukantianischen Bezugsrahmen überwinden muß. Dabei vertreten wir die These, daß Weber, will er mit „objektiven Möglichkeiten“ arbeiten, das Explanandum der Forschung, das „historische Individuum“, mit Hilfe einer Referenztheorie für Eigennamen bestimmen muß. Anhand der Diskussion des Referenzproblems wird gezeigt, daß Weber über eine solche, von Rickerts Begriffsbildungslehre abweichende Eigennamentheorie implizit verfügt. Die Rekonstruktion dieser möglichen Lösung des Referenzproblems macht aber auch deutlich, daß die zur Anwendung der Theorie der objektiven Möglichkeit notwendige Bestimmung des Explanandums durch einen Eigennamen einen Wirklichkeitsbegriff erfordert, der die transzendentalistische Wirklichkeitsauffassung des Neukantianismus unterläuft.
Arbeitswerte, Arbeitsplatzrealität und Arbeitszufriedenheit
Authors: Habich Roland
Published: May 2016

Ansprüche, die Arbeitnehmer an ihre berufliche Tätigkeit richten, werden in der Arbeitszufriedenheitsforschung zwar dokumentiert, aber selten dazu herangezogen, um Arbeitszufriedenheit zu erklären. Mit den Daten des Wohlfahrtssurveys 1980 wird in der vorliegenden Arbeit die These aufgenommen, daß Arbeitszufriedenheit auch als Ergebnis eines individuellen Bewertungsprozesses zu verstehen ist, in dem Anspruch und Realität miteinander verglichen werden. Ein zentrales Problem beim empirischen Nachweis der Anspruchsgewichtung liegt in der Handhabung der Multikollinearität. Die Arbeit zeigt eine Möglichkeit auf, diese Schwierigkeit praktikabel zu umgehen. Der vorgeschlagene Lösungsweg mündet methodisch in ein „threshold-model“ ein, das die Wechselwirkung zwischen beruflichen Ansprüchen und Arbeitsplatzrealität auf die abhängige Arbeitszufriedenheit zusammen abschätzt. Inhaltlich bietet sich damit aber auch ein Verfahren an, die Relevanz und die spezifische Auswirkungen beruflicher Ansprüche bei verschiedenen Statusgruppen miteinander anschaulich zu vergleichen.
Unerwünschte Dritte beim Interview
Authors: Reuband Karl-Heinz
Published: May 2016

Dritte Personen sind meist bei einem Teil der Interviews zugegen. Welche Auswirkungen dies hat, ist bislang ungeklärt. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird deshalb untersucht, wie es zur Anwesenheit Dritter kommt und welche Effekte dies hat. Empirische Grundlage ist eine bundesweite repräsentative Umfrage. Die Analyse zeigt nicht nur, daß Dritte oft auf Betreiben des Befragten hin anwesend sind. Sie zeigt auch, daß in dieser Konstellation die stärksten Abweichungen im Antwortmuster auftreten. Selektionsprozesse sind eine mögliche Erklärung dafür. Interaktionseffekte, bei denen Selektionseffekte sich mit dem Effekt Dritter kombinieren, sind ein anderer möglicher Grund.
Informeller Sektor oder Marktwirtschaft?
Authors: Korff Rüdiger
Published: May 2016

Das rapide Wachstum der Großstädte in der Dritten Welt wirft die Frage auf, wie die städtischen Massen versorgt werden können. Da der Staat Lücken der Versorgung nicht beheben kann und die Privatuntemehmen nur die Bereiche der Versorgung organisieren, die profitabel sind, bleiben Nischen bestehen, die von Teilen der urbanen Bevölkerung genutzt werden können, um ein Einkommen zu schaffen. So entsteht ein Marktsystem, das sehr differenziert und heterogen ist. Macht und Handlungmöglichkeiten werden als zentrale Variablen für die Untersuchung einer solchen „Marktwirtschaft“ (Braudel) entwickelt. Am Beispiel eines Stadtteils von Bangkok wird dargestellt, wie die großen Geschäfte die profitablen Segmente des Kleinhandels dominieren und weniger profitable Nischen den Kleinsthändlern und Hausierern überlassen. Es wird die wirtschaftliche Verschachtelung beschrieben, die von den Frauen und Männern, die ihre Waren aus Körben am Straßenrand verkaufen, über Geschäfte, Großhändler und Einkaufszentren bis in die modernen Banken reicht.
Projekte – nein, danke?
Authors: Matthes Joachim
Published: May 2016

Die Organisation des Forschungshandelns ist in den Sozialwissenschaften heute weithin auf das Handlungsschema des ,Projekts‘ festgelegt, - in Deutschland mehr noch als in den angelsächsischen Ländern. Über dieses Schema wird der Such-Charakter des Forschens in den Bann der Vorhersagbarkeit des Forschens und seiner Ergebnisse gezogen. Das verbreitete Unbehagen, das sich aus der belastenden Erfahrung mit diesem Umstand speist, äußert sich zumeist nur verstohlen; das Bestreben, Zugang zu den über dieses Schema vermittelten Förderungsmöglichkeiten zu gewinnen und zu erhalten, und die Vorstellung, dieses Handlungsschema entspräche der Methodik sozialwissenschaftlicher Forschung, behindern eine offene Diskussion dieses Unbehagens. Zu einer solchen Diskussion will dieser Beitrag anregen. Es wird versucht, den Handlungscharakter projektförmig organisierter Forschung genauer darzustellen, seine Wirkungen auf die Entwicklung von Forschungsideen zu untersuchen und die Bedingungen zu analysieren, unter denen sich dieses Handlungsschema durchsetzen konnte. Als Quintessenz dieser Überlegungen werden eine Eingrenzung des Geltungs- und Anwendungsbereiches der ‚Projektförmigkeit‘ auf bestimmte Typen von Forschungsvorhaben und eine Rücknahme des Projekt-Prinzips auf die Spätphasen des ,Lebenslaufs‘ eines Forschungsvorhabens vorgeschlagen.
Das zweite Kind
Authors: Huinink Johannes
Published: May 2016

In diesem Beitrag wird theoretisch und empirisch untersucht, wie sich die Entscheidungssituation im Zusammenhang mit der Geburt eines zweiten Kindes im Zuge des Wandels von Familie und Familienbildung verändert hat. Es wird der These entgegengetreten, daß wir auf dem Weg zur Ein-Kind-Familie sind. Dafür lassen sich eine Reihe von theoretischen Gründen angeben. Die zentrale These ist, daß mit der größeren individuellen Autonomie bei der Entscheidung für oder gegen eine Familie sich immer mehr Partner entweder gegen Kinder überhaupt oder aber eher für mehr als ein Kind entscheiden. Diese These läßt sich entscheidungstheoretisch, aber auch empirisch plausibilisieren. Mehr noch, es lassen sich deutliche Anzeichen dafür erkennen, daß sich jenseits der traditionellen Familienbildung zukünftig solche neuen Polarisierungsphänomene etablieren könnten.
BOOK REVIEW
Authors: Ločmele Reviewed by Gunta
Published: May 2016

Ildikó Horváth. 2012. Interpreter Behaviour: A psychological approach. Budapest: Hang Nyelviskola Bt. | ISBN 978-963-08-4976-0
Current estimate of functional vision in patients with bifocal pseudophakia after correction of residual defocus by different methods
Authors: Takhtaev Yuri V , Bogachuk Elena G
Published: May 2016

In this article we evaluated the influence of different surgical methods for correction of residual ametropia on contrast sensitivity at different light conditions and high-order aberrations in patients with bifocal pseudophakia. The study included 45 eyes (30 people) after cataract surgery, which studied dependence between contrast sensitivity and aberrations level before and after surgical correction of residual ametropia by of three methods - LASIK, Sulcoflex IOL implantation or IOL exchange. Contrast sensitivity was measured by Optec 6500 and aberration using Pentacam «OCULUS». We processed the results using the Mann-Whitney U-test. This study shows correlation between each method and residual aberrations level and their influence on contrast sensitivity level.
Results of foreign bodies removal from the posterior eyeball segment by transvitreal approach
Authors: Kataeva Mariya V , Nikolaenko Vadim P
Published: May 2016

Purpose. To investigate transvitreal intraocular foreign body (IOFB) removal results, and to determine indications for this splinter removal approach. Materials and methods. A chart analysis of 35 cases with splinter eye trauma was carried out. In all patients, a pars plana vitreoretinal surgical procedure was performed to remove the IOFB. Results. The intraocular penetration of foreign body was accompanied by injuries of different eyeball structures, which presented as intravitreal hemorrhage, hyphema, subretinal bleeding, retinal detachment, traumatic cataract, iridocyclitis. Splitter removal was complemented by endolaser coagulation; scleroplastic component and gaz-fluid exchange. In 54.29% patients with trauma, a lensectomy had to be added to the vitrectomy with IOFB removal. As a result of treatment, visual acuity increased in 51.43% injured patients. In the late post-operative period, retinal detachment developed in 14.29% of cases. Conclusions. IOFB removal by transvitreal approach is recommended in intravitreal, pre- or intraretinal splitter position; in retro-equatorial foreign body localization; when intraoperative splitter visualization is possible; in posterior vitreous detachment formation.
Does the phthisioophthalmology section of our Ophthalmologic Society contribute in the promotion of quality care for patients with ocular tuberculosis?
Authors: Ustinova Elena I , Ilkova Olga P
Published: May 2016

The phthisioophthalmology section work over the last 15 years is analyzed. Due to the antituberculous care system reform the number of section members decreased from 27 to 17. Scientific meetings are regular, their frequency decreased up to 5-6/year. Ever and again presentations are made at plenary sessions of the St.Petersburg Scientific Medical Society of Ophthalmology (6 presentations in 15 years) and at the congresses of associations of ophthalmologists and phthisiologists. In 15 years, session members performed and published 102 studies on ocular tuberculosis, including 38 articles in scientific magazines, 5 teaching editions for doctors, 4 monographs. Based on work reports and inspection results of several institutions, it follows that the section makes positive impact on the formation in clinicians of a scientific approach to clinical care process. Some shortcomings are revealed in the application of recommended methods. We believe that for their elimination, besides social activity of the section, it is necessary to publish teaching editions at federal level on ocular tuberculosis diagnosis and treatment, as well as enhancement of diagnosis and treatment quality control by local administration.
On the problem of local antibiotic therapy in children with ocular surface diseases
Authors: Fenkova Olga G , Fursova Anzhella Z , Gusarevich Olga G
Published: May 2016

The efficacy and safety of topical Azithromycin ophthalmic solution 1.5 % has been evaluated in treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis and post-traumatic keratitis in children, and the possibility of its use for prevention of infectious complications after ocular surface trauma. Topical Azithromycin ophthalmic solution 1.5 % was used in 32 children: with bacterial conjunctivitis (21), corneal foreign body (5), traumatic corneal erosion (3), post-traumatic keratitis (3). Topical Azithromycin ophthalmic solution 1.5% was shown to have a significant antibacterial activity and a convenient dosing schedule. No side effects, including eye irritation, have been noted. Conclusion: topical Azithromycin ophthalmic solution 1.5 % could be considered as the medication of choice in treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis and post-traumatic keratitis in children. It also could be used in the complex prevention of infections complications in eye surface traumatic lesions.
Use of the drug in patients tealoz primary open angle glaucoma syndrome "dry eye"
Authors: Ushakova Larisa I , Balalin Sergey V
Published: May 2016

Dry eye syndrome is frequently observed in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma with prolonged pharmacological hypotensive treatment. Purpose: To analyze the effectiveness Tealoz the drug in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma in the treatment of the syndrome of "dry eye." Materials end Methods: the effectiveness of the drug Tealoz studied in 29 patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (43 eyes) in the treatment of the syndrome of "dry eye." The control group consisted of 34 patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (54 eyes). Results: during treatment Tealoz noted improvement in Schirmer's test values in 23.3% of cases (10 eyes), Norn sample in 18.6% cases (8 eyes), clearance test in 25.6% of cases (11 eyes), LIPCOF test in 16.3% cases (7 eyes). No significant changes in the results of the samples were found in the control group. Conclusions: Tealoz drug effective in the treatment of dry eye syndrome in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma.
Penetrating cranial injury with giant intraorbital foreign body
Authors: Kasatkina Olga M , Nikolaenko Vadim P , Kasymov Farhod O , Panova Tatiana Y
Published: May 2016

The article describes clinical and radiological picture as well as early results of surgical treatment of a rare kind of open craniocerebral trauma - cranio-orbital injury with giant intraorbital foreign body
Ciencia politizada y política científica para un desarrollo nacional autónomo Una aproximación a las viejas y nuevas formas de dependencia en América latina a partir del pensamiento de Oscar Varsavsky
Authors: Piñeiro Javier Andrés
Published: May 2016

Javier Piñeiro es Licenciado en Ciencias de la Comunicación (FSOC-UBA). Maestrando enInvestigación en Ciencias Sociales (FSOC-UBA). Docente Universitario (FSOC-UBA, CBCUBA).
Emigración internacional y políticas de vinculación: un estudio comparativo entre Argentina y Uruguay
Authors: Modolo Vanina , Vaccotti Luciana
Published: May 2016

Este trabajo se propone reflexionar sobre las políticas de vinculación con la emigración internacional a través del estudio comparativo de Argentina y Uruguay, en los que esta temática ocupa lugares muy distintos en la agenda política y, por ende, en las acciones implementadas en la materia. El trabajo se centra en los programas “Provincia 25” de Argentina y “Departamento 20” de Uruguay, con énfasis en las acciones implementadas por ambos países en el período reciente, y en el contexto de la problemática que representa la emigración internacional para ellos.
Creación de agencias especializadas, capacidad estatal y coordinación interinstitucional. Análisis del caso de la Agencia Nacional de Seguridad Vial de Argentina.
Authors: Bertranou Julián
Published: May 2016

En los últimos 20 años se crearon en todos los países numerosas agencias públicas autónomas y especializadas para abordar distintos desafíos de política pública. Este proceso, enmarcado en las orientaciones de la Nueva Gestión Pública, buscó desburocratizar y profesionalizar la gestión, aunque también promovió su creciente fragmentación y descoordinación. El trabajo analiza la creación de la Agencia Nacional de Seguridad Vial (ANSV) en Argentina, en términos de su efecto en la capacidad estatal y en la coherencia y coordinación global de la gestión pública. El caso de la ANSV muestra por un lado un incremento parcial de las capacidades de acción del gobierno nacional, y por el otro, la no resolución de los problemas previos de descoordinación entre las diferentes unidades gubernamentales.
La definición del territorio en las leyes y políticas ambientales nacionales entre 1973 y 2010
Authors: De la Vega Candela
Published: May 2016

Este artículo elabora un análisis diacrónico de las leyes y políticas nacionales de Argentina en materia ambiental entre la década de 1970 y la primera década de 2000 en Argentina, en tanto las mismas constituyen instancias de cristalización de una definición estatal del territorio. Se sostiene que la definición del territorio y el ambiente están estrechamente ligadas a las características del régimen político imperante, a sus percepciones ideológicas o doctrinarias y a la mayor o menor gravitación de las líneas conceptuales predominantes en la escena internacional. A tales efectos el artículo distingue en las cuatro décadas sometidas a análisis la existencia de cinco momentos diferenciados, correspondientes a otras tantas experiencias de gobierno asentadas en específicas constelaciones de fuerzas. El análisis permite concluir que es posible identificar, en las leyes y políticas definidas como ambientales por el por el propio estado nacional, ciertos sedimentos generales que estructuran la definición del territorio como también determinadas pautas de relación entre sociedad, naturaleza y estado
Incidência de pacientes queimados atendidos no Hospital de Emergência na cidade de Macapá-AP, durante o ano de 2014
Authors: Correa Regiane Costa
Published: May 2016

As queimaduras são lesões desencadeadas por agentes físicos, químicos, elétricos e térmicos que resultam em níveis variados de perda tecidual de grande a taxa de mortalidade e incapacitação física. Trata-se de um estudo epidemiológico, descritivo, retrospectivo-documental e quantitativo, tendo como fonte de dados, o livro de atendimentos do Centro de Tratamento de Queimados (CTQ) do Hospital Público de Emergência da cidade de Macapá durante o ano de 2014, visando analisar a incidência de pacientes queimados que foram atendidos. Foi constatado o total de 391 atendimentos registrados, sendo 175 (45%) do sexo feminino e 216 (55%) do sexo masculino; outro dado verificado foi que, destes, 152 (39%) eram crianças, 12 (3%) eram adolescentes, 215 (55%) eram adultos e 12 (3%) eram idosos, foi observado que 79% das ocorrências de queimaduras aconteceram principalmente no ambiente domestico. Conclui-se a necessidade em intensificar programas educativos nas escolas e nos centros comunitários em meios de comunicação, ampliar o atendimento para outras unidades de saúde, melhorar as condições físicas do atendimento, e preencher as lacunas nos registros dos pacientes atendidos no CTQ.
Apresentação
Authors: CARNEIRO Fernando Ferreira , SANTOS Boaventura de Sousa , FOLGADO Cleber , KREFTA Noemi Margarida
Published: May 2016

O presente número da Revista Tempus tem como objeto central as relações entre os povos do campo, da floresta e das águas com a saúde e os movimentos sociais de toda a América Latina na perspectiva de se construir um diálogo de saberes voltados para a prática de uma ciência crítica e emancipadora. O número apresenta um fio condutor que liga o SUS e as Políticas Públicas, os impactos causados a saúde pela ação do capital (grandes obras e agrotóxicos,por exemplo) a soberania alimentar, e os Movimentos Sociais.
Curso de mestrado profissional em Trabalho, Saúde, Ambiente e Movimentos Sociais: um desafio na educação transformadora
Authors: MIRANDA Ary Carvalho de , PEREIRA Isabel Brasil , PORTO Marcelo Firpo , SILVA Nivia Regina da , FONTES Virginia
Published: May 2016

Este artigo apresenta as origens, o contexto, os objetivos e as bases teórico-pedagógicas do curso de mestrado profissional em Trabalho, Saúde, Ambiente e Movimentos Sociais desenvolvido pela Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública da Fiocruz. Trata-se de uma proposta inovadora de formação para educandos ligados à reforma agrária e aos movimentos sociais do campo com a finalidade de enfrentar, no âmbito técnico-científico, dois importantes desafios. De um lado, os colocados pela Política Nacional de Saúde Integral das Populações do Campo e da Floresta, do Ministério da Saúde; e, de outro, pela Campanha Permanente Contra os Agrotóxicos e Pela Vida. A proposta do curso foi iniciada em 2012; o processo de seleção e o início das aulas foram concretizados no primeiro semestre de 2014. Mais do que um processo de capacitação, a proposta inova por seu compromisso com o fortalecimento da agricultura familiar e camponesa. Trabalha a partir de processos político-pedagógicos nos quais os temas e políticas de saúde, trabalho e ambiente emerjam em sua articulação com a reforma agrária, a agroecologia, a segurança e soberania alimentar.
Do Brasil ao Québec, alguns elementos para reflexão: Os Agentes Comunitários de Saúde conectam famílias e os profissionais de saúde.
Authors: RENAUD Lise , ZANCHETTA Margareth Santos , RHÉAUME Jacques , CÔTÉ Roger
Published: May 2016

O sistema único de saúde brasileiro comporta 27.000 equipes de saúde da família com uma rede de cerca de 300.000 Agentes Comunitários de Saúde cuja responsabilidade é a de conectar as famílias que são visitadas mensalmente com os profissionais de saúde da unidade de saúde da família. Desde 2003, o Québec realiza uma reforma no setor da saúde e serviços sociais com ênfase na integração de cuidados e serviços (públicos, associativos e privados) e sua inscrição nas redes locais segundo uma perspectiva de responsabilidade populacional. Os comentários apresentados tentam destacar alguns elementos de semelhança ou diferença entre o programa das Unidades de saúde da família implantado no Brasil e aquele das Clínicas da rede integrada ou dos Grupos de medicina de família do Québec. Nos dois casos, existe a preocupação de oferecer serviços de maior aproximação com a população de um dado território, de uma maior acessibilidade e adequação de serviços. Além disto, o Brasil através dos Agentes Comunitários de Saúde, permite uma linha social que assegura o acompanhamento real de todos os membros da família pelos serviços de saúde.
Trilhas metodológicas sobre saúde e mídias sociais: uma aproximação da produção científica sobre o tema.
Authors: CADAXA Aedê Gomes
Published: May 2016

A apropriação pela Saúde das Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação (TICs), cada vez mais populares, resulta em usos pessoais, acadêmicos e institucionais o mais diversos, quando tratamos do compartilhamento de informações e experiências sobre saúde. Nesse contexto, interessa-nos o mapeamento das investigações que se referem à saúde e os populares sites de “redes sociais”, como Facebook e o Twitter, uma das maiores expressões dessa sociabilidade media pela internet. Como primeira aproximação do campo, buscou-se identificar estudos brasileiros que tivessem por objeto apresentar o estado da arte ou revisar a produção científica relacionadas à saúde e as TICs, em especial as mídias sociais. Bem como estudos e literatura de outras áreas e também nacionalidades que auxiliem na identificação de alguns caminhos metodológicos a trilhar, em um campo ainda em consolidação como o da pesquisa envolvendo a internet e a saúde.
Comunicação em saúde relacionada à funcionalidade dos idosos.
Authors: BEZERRA Ryvia Rose Ferraz , RIBEIRO Carmem Lúcia Goulart , REBOUCAS Monica
Published: May 2016

O estudo apresenta a discussão de pesquisadores que questionaram seu próprio saber ao tempo em que investigaram publicações o que permitiu redefinir categorias e conceitos relativos ao estado funcional dos idosos. Parte-se do marco teórico indicado na CIF-OMS e apreende-se forma de referir-se as pessoas mais velhas. A revisão narrativa da literatura e um grupo focal resultaram em: Síntese de conteúdo – Segundo a CIF, a funcionalidade compõe-se do “Corpo” (subdividido em “Estrutura e Função”); das “Atividades e Participação” as quais o “Corpo” realiza alem dos Fatores Contextuais, ou “Fatores Ambientais”, que são circunstâncias em que o “Corpo” realiza “Atividades e Participação” constituídas de ambiente físico, social e atitudinal onde pessoas vivem. Ficha síntese – partindo da síntese de conteúdo foi criada ficha visando à troca de informação sobre funcionalidades dos idosos por meio de uniformização de conceitos propostos por órgão internacional. Então, o estudo apresentou termos que facilitaram a comunicação em saúde ampliando o intercambio de ideias e compreensão sobre a capacidade funcional dos idosos.
Quando o preconceito marca mais que a doença.
Authors: PALMEIRA Iací Proença , QUEIROZ Ana Beatriz de Azevedo , FERREIRA Márcia de Assunção
Published: May 2016

Objetivou-se identificar e analisar as representações sociais do contágio da hanseníase por mulheres com o corpo alterado por esta doença, e suas conseqüências para a vida sócio-familiar. Pesquisa qualitativa e descritiva, com aplicação da teoria das representações sociais. Participaram quarenta e três mulheres atendidas em uma Unidade de Referência Especializada em dermatologia sanitária. Realizou-se entrevista individual e observação sistemática. Realizou-se análise lexical, através do software ALCESTE. Os resultados evidenciam representações sobre o contágio da hanseníase remetendo à lepra, ao preconceito e ao confinamento nas colônias, inclusive com separação de utensílios domésticos. Conclui-se sobre a importância da desconstrução destas representações, considerando a subjetividade pelo acesso à história dos sujeitos o qual possibilita entender os significados que estes atribuem ao adoecimento e suas implicações relacionadas ao estigma da hanseníase.
Leishmaniose Canina em Brasília, DF: Uma Revisão da Literatura.
Authors: Sousa Tatyere Constâncio de , Francisco Ariadine Kelly Pereira Rodrigues , Santos Isabele Barbieri dos
Published: May 2016

A leishmaniose é uma doença infecto-parasitária que acomete seres humanos e animais, causada por protozoários do gênero Leishmania. As leishmanioses são importante problema de saúde pública em vários países e estão incluídas entre as seis endemias de maior relevância mundial. São classificadas em tegumentar (LT) cutânea e mucocutânea - e visceral (LV). A transmissão ocorre através de picada de insetos flebotomíneos pertencentes aos gêneros Lutzomyia (Novo Mundo) e Phlebotomus(Velho Mundo). A Leishmaniose Tegumentar Americana (LTA) é uma zoonose distribuída no território brasileiro. Possui evolução crônica e acomete a pele e mucosas, isoladamente ou em associação, de seres humanos, cães, gatos e eqüinos. Nos cães, se caracteriza pela presença de lesões cutâneas ulceradas, recobertas por crostas, localizadas nas orelhas, bolsa escrotal, focinho e membros. A Leishmaniose visceral é uma zoonose que ocorre nas regiões subtropicais e tropicais, causada pela Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi, no Novo e no Velho Mundo. No Brasil, a Leishmaniose Visceral Canina (LVC) coexiste com a doença humana e os cães são seu reservatório doméstico. A eutanásia do cão é criticada por isso enfrenta limitações. Apesar das ações de vigilância e controle de LV adotadas no DF, a doença permanece em áreas urbanas e rurais.
Cultura faz bem à saúde! A experiência do Circuito de Ocupação Cultural para a Saúde no Distrito Federal.
Authors: SCHRAMM Ana , PEREIRA Felipe Medeiros , TOMASINI Ana Júlia , GAMEIRO Nathália , KÖPTCKE Luciana Sepúlveda
Published: May 2016

O presente artigo analisa a experiência do Circuito de Ocupação Cultural pela Saúde, realizado, pelo Programa Educação Cultura e Saúde – Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, em parceria com as Secretarias de Saúde e de Cultura do Governo do Distrito Federal, com o apoio do Fundo de Apoio à Cultura (FAC-DF). A relação entre a Cultura e a Saúde constitui um importante empreendimento intersetorial, que ainda é emergente na busca pela promoção da saúde. Discute-se, neste texto, as potencialidades das intervenções artísticas dentro dos espaços de saúde, a partir de uma perspectiva que busca valorizar a compreensão dos Determinantes Sociais de Saúde. Para tanto, foram sistematizadas as informações referentes às atividades realizadas pelo Circuito de Ocupação Cultural pela Saúde, de fevereiro de 2014 a maio de 2015, com a finalidade de levar para os equipamentos de saúde contrapartidas artísticas do Fundo de Apoio à Cultura. Dentre os dados disponíveis nos registros textuais das atividades, foram analisados quais foram os equipamentos de saúde mais atendidos pelo circuito, bem como o público alvo das atividades e as linguagens artísticas utilizadas. Discute-se, ainda, alguns fatores que facilitaram a implementação desta iniciativa.
Gaza City: A Profound Personal Journey
Authors: Dean Norman John
Published: May 2016

In 2012 I made two trips into Gaza City to work with staff of the American International School, Gaza. My employing company at the time had a contract with USAID to support the school in its development and progress toward accreditation. My role was to undertake an analysis of the school academic program and develop an improvement plan with the leadership group and board, incorporating pedagogical training for teaching staff that had extremely limited opportunities to external support and expertise due to isolation from the outside world. What I experienced in my visits to Gaza had a profound effect on me as a person and as an educator as I witnessed the passion and commitment of teachers working with students in the most trying of circumstances. The first three days of my initial visit coincided with a serious escalation of hostilities, and observing the school in operation throughout this time was inspiring and terrifying at the same time. My paper will recount my experience working alongside colleagues in challenging facilities, with minimal resources, amid the constant threat of danger. It will tell the story of how teacher commitment and dedication, matched by a strong student desire to learn can create truly inspiring learning communities. I will focus partly on the pedagogical training to assist teachers in sustaining an engaging learning environment in this environment, but also on the centrality of the school culture in a hostile environment where hope and aspiration emerge, and bring hope for the future.
Seguimiento a un año del estado nutricional de los pacientes sometidos a trasplante hepático
Authors: Deutrich Aydos Maria Eugenia , Alves Fernandes Sabrina , Feijó Nunes Flávia , Bassani Lílian , Rigon Leonhardt Lara , Lazzarotto Harter Daniele , Pivato Bianca , Miranda Daniella , Augusto Marroni Cláudio
Published: May 2016

Introducción: la elección del método para la evaluación nutricional es fundamental para el correcto seguimiento del estado nutricional de los pacientes sometidos al trasplante de hígado.Objetivos: evaluar y comparar el estado nutricional de los pacientes antes y después del trasplante de hígado por el tiempo de un año para los diferentes métodos de evaluación nutricional.Métodos: se evaluaron los pacientes que se sometieron a un trasplante de hígado en diferentes momentos: pretrasplante, 1, 3, 6 y 12 meses después del procedimiento, en la Hermandad de la Santa Casa de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil. Los métodos utilizados fueron la antropometría, la fuerza de apretón de manos por la fuerza de agarre no dominante (FAM), el espesor del músculo aductor del pulgar y el ángulo de fase (AF) por bioimpedancia eléctrica (BIA). En todas las evaluaciones se tomaron las mismas medidas.Resultados: las evaluaciones se llevaron a cabo en 22 pacientes. Los métodos que mostraron mayor prevalencia de pacientes desnutridos antes del trasplante fueron la FA por BIA (25%), la circunferencia muscular del brazo (CMB) (21,9%) y la circunferencia del brazo (CB) (18,8%). Al comparar el estado nutricional de los pacientes durante el seguimiento, hubo diferencia significativa en los métodos de evaluación de CB, espesor del pliegue cutáneo triciptal y AF por la BIA. Al final del seguimiento, los métodos de evaluación nutricional fueron nuevamente comparados y mostraron de diferencias significativas, siendo la FAM el método de mayor detección de desnutrición.Conclusiones: se sugiere que podría intensificarse el uso del método AF por la BIA en esta población, ya que los resultados están en consonancia con los encontrados en la literatura, siendo significativos, fiables y reproducibles.
Laparoscopic gastric wedge resection as the method of choice in the treatment of gastrointestinal stromal tumors: A case report
Authors: Stevanovic Dejan , Stojanovic Dragos , Jasarovic Damir , Mitrovic Nebojsa , Bokun-Vukasinovic Zorana
Published: May 2016

Introduction. The gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) are the most
frequent mesenchymal tumors of the gastrointestinal tract. The surgery of
resectable gastric GIST is the primary therapy for these tumors, but the
decision regarding the surgical radicality of the procedures is still a point
of discussion among surgeons and oncologists. Case Outline. A 74-year-old
patient was admitted to hospital with signs of bleeding from the upper parts
of the gastrointestinal tract. Urgent gastroscopy was performed and a
subepithelial gastric lesion with bleeding ulceration was noted in the region
of the fornix. A computed tomography scan of the abdomen showed a tumor in
the fornix region with the dimensions of 48 ? 32 mm, which was growing mostly
intraluminally. After an adequate preoperative preparation the patient
underwent a laparoscopic wedge resection of gastric fornix with intramural
tumor lesion. The histopathological analysis of the specimen showed a well
differentiated GIST (histological grade G1), of the spindle cell type. Based
on the immunohistochemical analysis of the specimen it was concluded that the
patient was in the IA stage of the disease with a low risk of malignant
progression. In the population of patients with GIST, this is the most common
group (43%), with low malignant potential, and relapses present in only 3.6%
of cases. The patient started with oral food intake on the first
postoperative day, the first bowel movement occurred 36 hours after surgery,
and the patient was released from hospital on the fourth postoperative day.
Conclusion. Based on the aforementioned, we consider that the laparoscopic
gastric wedge resection is a safe and efficient surgical procedure. This is
primary therapy for most common group of patients with resectable gastric
GIST.
HACE1 Negatively Regulates Virus-Triggered Type I IFN Signaling by Impeding the Formation of the MAVS-TRAF3 Complex
Authors: Mao He-Ting , Wang Yan , Cai Juan , Meng Jun-Ling , Zhou Yu , Pan Yu , Qian Xiao-Ping , Zhang Yu , Zhang Jun
Published: May 2016

During virus infection, the cascade signaling pathway that leads to the production of proinflammatory cytokines is controlled at multiple levels to avoid detrimental overreaction. HACE1 has been characterized as an important tumor suppressor. Here, we identified HACE1 as an important negative regulator of virus-triggered type I IFN signaling. Overexpression of HACE1 inhibited Sendai virus- or poly (I:C)-induced signaling and resulted in reduced IFNB1 production and enhanced virus replication. Knockdown of HACE1 expression exhibited the opposite effects. Ubiquitin E3 ligase activity of the dead mutant HACE1/C876A had a comparable inhibitory function as WT HACE1, suggesting that the suppressive function of HACE1 on virus-induced signaling is independent of its E3 ligase activity. Further study indicated that HACE1 acted downstream of MAVS and upstream of TBK1. Mechanistic studies showed that HACE1 exerts its inhibitory role on virus-induced signaling by disrupting the MAVS-TRAF3 complex. Therefore, we uncovered a novel function of HACE1 in innate immunity regulation.
Postoperative Radiographic Assessment of the Vega Posterior-Stabilized TKA
Authors: Beason Austin M. , Zhang Haining , Anoushiravani Afshin A. , Sayeed Zain , Chambers Monique C. , El-Othmani Mouhanad M. , Mihalko William M. , Saleh Khaled J.
Published: May 2016

Different biomechanical designs are incorporated into various total knee arthroplasty (TKA) implants. The posterior-stabilized prosthesis design utilizes a polyethylene post and femoral cam in place of the posterior cruciate ligament. This produces a more stable component interface, increased range of motion, and potentially a less technical procedure. This study aimed to assess the short-term (>2 year) outcomes associated with the Vega System posterior-stabilized knee prosthesis (Aesculap Implant Systems, Center Valley, Pennsylvania) based on postoperative radiographs using the Knee Society Roentgenographic Evaluation and Scoring System (KSRESS). Thirty-seven TKA patients who had received the Vega posterior-stabilized knee prosthesis and had postoperative radiographs at each follow-up for a minimum of 2 years were enrolled, retrospectively. Two independent observers evaluated the radiographs using KSRESS. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data. The average age and body mass index of patients enrolled was 67 years (range, 51–89 years) and 38.5 kg/m
2
(range, 21.2–54 kg/m
2
), respectively. Patients had radiographic follow-up for an average of 36 months (range, 24–58 months). Comparison between first and last available postoperative radiographs revealed a stable femoral and tibial interface with no significant change in prosthesis alignment over the follow-up period. Assessment of the short-term survivorship of the Vega posterior-stabilized prosthesis using KSRESS revealed no significant change in alignment after 2 years of follow-up; however, mid- to long-term studies assessing this junction are needed. A future prospective study using KSRESS in combination with clinical follow-up is recommended to allow comparison of the Vega posterior-stabilized to other prostheses. [
Orthopedics
. 2016; 39(3):S56–S60.]
Examining the Effectiveness of Hyperaudio Learning Environments
Authors: Zumbach Joerg , Moser Stephanie
Published: May 2016

The focus of instructional designers is increasingly shifting towards mobile devices such as smartphones or tablets and their use for learning purposes. These devices not only enable text-based but also audio-based instruction. This chapter presents the concept of hyperaudio, a special type of non-linear auditory learning environment. Contrary to other instructional devices such as hypertext, there is little research on learning with hyperaudio yet. In view of this scientific gap, this chapter aims at examining the effect of non-linear auditory presentation of information in more detail. To begin with, cognitive processes which are crucial for hyperaudio learning are examined. Then, some seminal studies investigating the design of hyperaudio learning environments and their influence on learning processes are presented. Results indicate that non-linear auditory information presentation is not always beneficial in terms of learning outcomes and cognitive load.
Reflection of Chaos and Complexity Theory Properties within Classroom Discipline
Authors: Saeed Fathimath
Published: May 2016

Chaos and complexity theory has been used in the study of the natural sciences for over thirty years. Throughout the years, experts from various fields have used it as a new way to view the world around them, including its applications to the field of education and subsystems within the education system. However very few studies have been conducted on the application of chaos theory to classroom discipline. The field of classroom discipline, like the natural world, can also be observed from this perspective because it exhibits many features of chaotic/complex systems. Classrooms are often described as complex, dynamic and unpredictable environments. This makes it difficult for teachers to understand and manage classroom discipline. This paper explores the complexity of classroom discipline and how the principles of chaos and complexity theory reflect on classroom discipline. This would help inform management strategies and alternatives that would in turn enhance and improve student academic achievement and overall performance.
Collagen-Niflumic Acid Spongious Matrices for Bone Repairing
Authors: Ghica Mihaela V. , Watzlawek Aiza A. , Olaret Elena , Voicu Stefan  Ioan , Marin Stefania , Marin Minodora Maria , Danila Elena , Simonca Alice Geanina , Albu Mădălina Georgiana , Chelaru Ciprian , Dinu-Pîrvu Cristina Elena
Published: May 2016

Collagen is one of the most used biomaterials for bone defects repair, proving good results in tissue reconstruction research, and also its features recommend it as a very attractive drug delivery scaffold for local treatment of the affected osseous tissue. The inflammatory response is a common reaction that occurs in bone disease, the topical administration of anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) representing a reliable strategy to overcome this issue. The purpose of this paper was the physical-chemical and biopharmaceutical evaluation of some spongious matrices consisting of collagen as release support and niflumic acid as drug NSAID model, usable in bone tissue regeneration. Type I fibrillar collagen gel (2.4% w/w, 3.5 pH) was extracted from calf hide by the technology currently used in Collagen Department of Division Leather and Footwear Research Institute. The collagen sponges were obtained by freeze-drying of gels adjusted at 1% and 7.3 pH, with different dextran (0; 10 and 20%) and MgO (0; 30 and 60%) concentrations (reported to dry collagen), with 0.5% and without niflumic acid (NA) (reported to gel) and the same amount of glutaraldehyde (0.5% reported to collagen dry substance). The sponges were evaluated through water absorption, FT-IR spectroscopy and optical microscopy. In vitro NA release from the designed sponges was carried out using a sandwich device adapted to a dissolution equipment. Power law kinetic model was applied to explain drug release from the tested formulations. The NA release from collagen sponges showed a non-Fickian transport mechanism. The addition in different concentrations of dextran and MgO leads to more compact structures and improves stability of collagenic matrices. Our results showed that the designed support could be adequate for treating the inflammation associated with a bone defect in orthopedic surgery.
Structural and Ultrastructural Study, at Ovariectomised Female Rats, and their Reactivity to the Administration of Injectable Oestrogens
Authors: Radu Florin Mocan- Hognogi , Nicolae Costin , Craciun Constantin , Andrei Malutan , Ioana Trif , Razvan Ciortea , Dan Mihu
Published: May 2016

The purpose of this study has been to identify and emphasise structural and ultrastructural modifications occurring in the vaginal epithelium in ovariectomised female rats, as well as their reactivity to the administration of injectable oestrogens. 30 female Wistar white rats have been used, with an average weight of 200 g, distributed as follows: group 1, control group, with no treatment or intervention whatsoever, group 2, menopausal, operated group, with no treatment, and groups 3, 4 and 5, operated, to which oestrogenic treatment was administered. 15 days after surgery, the hormone replacement therapy with injectable oestrogens was initiated (Estradiol, Estradurin, Sintofolin), with a dosage of 0.2 mg/rat/day, and after 14 days of treatment, all animals were sacrificed and biopsies were taken from vaginal epithelium, after which the samples were processed in accordance with optical microscopy techniques (the semi-thin section technique) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In group 2, the vaginal epithelium was congested and exhibited relatively numerous invaginations of the mucosa and irregularities of the surface of the epithelium, with a decrease in the number of cells forming every layer, including the ones in the basal layer, which could no longer ensure the regeneration of all cells lost at the level of the epithelium of the superficial layer. In groups 3, 4 and 5, compared to group 2, ovariectomised, the semi-thin sections obtained revealed hyperplasia of all cellular layers of the vaginal epithelium. Ultrastructural investigations confirm the results of the structural study based on semi-thin sections, as the injectable oestrogen treatment has protected and rebuilt the structure of the vaginal epithelium, the chorion and the muscular layers affected by ovariectomy. Our study has shown that experimentally induced menopause has caused significant modifications, expressed polymorphically with alterations to various degrees of ultrastructural visualisation at the level of the entire vaginal epithelium. In all groups treated with oestrogens, it has become apparent that the vaginal epithelium is hyperplased, with the vast majority of its cells having a normal or almost normal aspect, and an isolated presence of structures that have not been completely rebuilt.