bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Computerized Detection and Measurement of Drusen in Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Authors: Friberg Thomas R. , Huang Linda , Palaiou Maria , Bremer Rob
Published: October 2019

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE
The authors used a drusen detection algorithm to quantitate drusen on digitized images and determined its precision and accuracy.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
Fundus images from 349 participants in the Age-Related Eye Disease Study trial were digitized and analyzed with the Drusen Analyzer (IRIDEX Corporation, Mountain View, CA). The size, number, and area of the drusen in two macular regions were computed by two readers using an interactive approach. Measurements were compared to data generated by reading center methods.
RESULTS
For the Analyzer, inter-observer agreement was 0.79 (SE = 0.02) and 0.86 (SE = 0.01) (kappa statistic). Intra-observer precision was 0.835 and 0.880 (Spearman coefficients). Categorical agreement (weighted kappa) between the Analyzer and reading center results for the two regions was (0.76, 0.58) and (0.68, 0.68) for readers A and B. The time required to quantitate an image using the Analyzer was 105 ± 52 and 218 ± 102 seconds for the two regions, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
Quantitative detection of drusen can be performed reproducibly and efficiently. Comparisons to more labor intensive reading center techniques suggest that the results are similar but that the algorithm is more sensitive and precise. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2007;38:126-134.]
AUTHORS
From the UPMC Eye Center (TRF, LH, MP), Department of Ophthalmology; and the Department of Psychiatry (RB), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Accepted for publication January 12, 2007. Supported in part by the National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (R03 EY13807-01), Research to Prevent Blindness, Inc., New York, New York, and unrestricted funds from William H. Rea. Address correspondence to Thomas R. Friberg, MS, MD, UPMC Eye Center, 203 Lothrop Street, Suite 824, Pittsburgh, PA 15213.
Retinal Arterial Macroaneurysm Rupture Following Fundus Fluorescein Angiography and Treatment With Nd:YAG Laser Membranectomy
Authors: Gedik Sansal , Gür Sirel , Yilmaz Gürsel , Akova Yonca A.
Published: October 2019

A 60-year-old woman with hypertension was seen for a routine examination. Her best-corrected visual acuity was 20/20 bilaterally. Intraretinal hemorrhages
were found in the parafoveal region of the right eye. A fundus fluorescein angiography evaluation identified the hemorrhages as arterial macroaneurysms. The following day, the patient returned complaining
of blurred vision that had developed the previous evening. Best-corrected visual acuity was counting fingers in the right eye. A subhyaloid hemorrhage approximately
three optic disks in size was found in the macular region. The hemorrhage was drained with an Nd:YAG laser. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2007;38:154-156.]
AUTHORS
From the Department of Ophthalmology, Baskent University, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
Accepted for publication September 20, 2006.
Address correspondence to Gürsel Yilmaz, MD, Associate Professor of Ophthalmology,
Baskent University Faculty of Medicine, Fevzi Çakmak Caddesi, 06490, Bahçelievler, Ankara, Turkey.
Adult Basic Education: Community Health Partnerships and Health Disparities
Authors: Hohn Marcia Drew , Lawrence Winston , McKinney Julie , Rosen David J. , Santos Maricel G. , Sheppard Rob , Smith Gregory , Ziskind Alexandra
Published: October 2019

Background:

Adult Basic Education (ABE) is the national system that offers adults with low literacy and/or limited English with educational services in reading, writing, math, technology, and communications from basic levels to high school equivalency, with specialty programs in transition to community colleges and family literacy.

Brief Description of Activity:

To show the role of ABE in increasing health literacy in low literate and/or limited English populations through partnership with community health organizations (CHOs).

Implementation:

This article was developed through a collaborative thought process over a period of 8 months with experts from the field of ABE in development of health literacy within low literate and/or limited English populations. It describes the research that links low literacy and/or limited English with poor health, and introduces how ABE and CHOs have addressed these issues together. It also introduces research on the impact on learners of integrating health into ABE.

Results:

ABE learners have consistently shown a strong interest in learning about health for themselves and their families, and health content energizes ABE instruction. Learners report improvements of basic health knowledge, their confidence communicating with health care professionals, enhanced self-efficacy, and intention to make changes in such health behaviors as diet and tracking blood pressure. Partnerships between ABE programs and their local CHOs strengthen the teaching/learning process and can be mutually beneficial. ABE provides access to hard-to-reach populations, a safe learning environment, and teaching expertise. CHOs provide health expertise, preventive health screenings, and access to treatments.

Lessons Learned:

The link between low literacy and poor health is no longer disputed. ABE programs and many CHOs share a common mission and commitment to serving vulnerable populations. Stronger partnerships between these organizations should be viewed as a viable strategy for addressing health disparities. A coordinated effort of community health centers across the nation is required to meaningfully respond to health disparities as a national social issue.

[
HLRP: Health Literacy Research and Practice
. 2019;3(Suppl.):S1–S7.]

Plain Language Summary:

This article introduces ABE and the role this system plays in improving health literacy within populations with low health literacy and/or limited English populations. It details the educational services the system provides, how health content has been integrated into instruction, the impact on learners, and how partnerships between ABE programs and community health services strengthen the work.
Family Health in Adult Education: A Missing Piece of the Health Literacy Puzzle
Authors: Champlin Sara , Hoover Diana Stewart , Mackert Michael
Published: October 2019

Previous research and interventions define health literacy as an individual-level concept. Although it is necessary to design programs aimed at individual people, not all health decisions are made by patients themselves, and calls have been made to expand health literacy work beyond the individual. This brief report stems from a larger study in which personnel working for adult literacy coalitions identified family health as a priority topic for health-focused lessons, yet often felt ill-equipped to teach students in this area. This brief report examines adult educators' perspectives on the types of content needed for a family health module designed for the adult education curriculum. Personnel from adult literacy coalitions offered qualitative insights on their desires for health literacy content in the context of family care. Adult literacy coalition educators and staff can provide important insights regarding the health literacy needs of adults in vulnerable populations. Three key themes emerged: American Family Health, Nutritious Eating, and Identify and Act. Rather than using a personal approach, a program that frames health literacy as family health and offers a holistic view on caring for others may serve to provide important context for health decisions and communication for adults at literacy centers.

[
HLRP: Health Literacy Research and Practice
. 2019;3(Suppl.):S75–S78.]
Efforts in Europe for Data-Driven Improvement of Education – A Review of Learning Analytics Research in Seven Countries
Authors: Nouri Jalal , Ebner Martin , Ifenthaler Dirk , Saqr Mohammed , Malmberg Jonna , Khalil Mohammad , Bruun Jesper , Viberg Olga , Conde González Miguel Ángel , Papamitsiou Zacharoula , Berthelsen Ulf Dalvad
Published: October 2019

Information and communication technologies are increasingly mediating learning and teaching practices as well as how educational institutions are handling their administrative work. As such, students and teachers are leaving large amounts of digital footprints and traces in various educational apps and learning management platforms, and educational administrators register various processes and outcomes in digital administrative systems. It is against such a background we in recent years have seen the emergence of the fast-growing and multi-disciplinary field of learning analytics. In this paper, we examine the research efforts that have been conducted in the field of learning analytics in Austria, Denmark, Finland, Norway, Germany, Spain, and Sweden. More specifically, we report on developed national policies, infrastructures and competence centers, as well as major research projects and developed research strands within the selected countries. The main conclusions of this paper are that the work of researchers around Europe has not led to national adoption or European level strategies for learning analytics. Furthermore, most countries have not established national policies for learners’ data or guidelines that govern the ethical usage of data in research or education. We also conclude, that learning analytics research on pre-university level to high extent have been overlooked. In the same vein, learning analytics has not received enough focus form national and European national bodies. Such funding is necessary for taking steps towards data-driven development of education.
Bachelor Thesis Analytics: Using Machine Learning to Predict Dropout and Identify Performance Factors
Authors: Nouri Jalal , Larsson Ken , Saqr Mohammed
Published: October 2019

The bachelor thesis is commonly a necessary last step towards the first graduation in higher education and constitutes a central key to both further studies in higher education and employment that requires higher education degrees. Thus, completion of the thesis is a desirable outcome for individual students, academic institutions and society, and non-completion is a significant cost. Unfortunately, many academic institutions around the world experience that many thesis projects are not completed and that students struggle with the thesis process. This paper addresses this issue with the aim to, on the one hand, identify and explain why thesis projects are completed or not, and on the other hand, to predict non-completion and completion of thesis projects using machine learning algorithms. The sample for this study consisted of bachelor students’ thesis projects (n=2436) that have been started between 2010 and 2017. Data were extracted from two different data systems used to record data about thesis projects. From these systems, thesis project data were collected including variables related to both students and supervisors. Traditional statistical analysis (correlation tests, t-tests and factor analysis) was conducted in order to identify factors that influence non-completion and completion of thesis projects and several machine learning algorithms were applied in order to create a model that predicts completion and non-completion. When taking all the analysis mentioned above into account, it can be concluded with confidence that supervisors’ ability and experience play a significant role in determining the success of thesis projects, which, on the one hand, corroborates previous research. On the other hand, this study extends previous research by pointing out additional specific factors, such as the time supervisors take to complete thesis projects and the ratio of previously unfinished thesis projects. It can also be concluded that the academic title of the supervisor, which was one of the variables studied, did not constitute a factor for completing thesis projects. One of the more novel contributions of this study stems from the application of machine learning algorithms that were used in order to – reasonably accurately – predict thesis completion/non-completion. Such predictive models offer the opportunity to support a more optimal matching of students and supervisors.
Supervisors' Reflections on Policy and Practice in an African Graduate Setting
Authors: Ssentamu Proscovia Namubiru , Sajjabi Florence Bakibinga
Published: October 2019

The chapter reflects two supervisors' experiences on graduate research from the legal, institutional, and personal perspectives. In addition to a review of several literature, two professors engaged in graduate supervision were interviewed to explore perception of their roles, supervision styles, and whether they adapted these styles to circumstances. Literature documents various supervision models and styles, moving along a continuum from dyadic to relationship development models, and institutions provide minimum benchmarks and best practice guides. Supervision is a personally-intensive knowledge sharing, utilization, and management undertaking between a supervisor and supervisee. The chapter contributes to the scholarship of pedagogy of supervision, an emerging discourse especially in graduate settings in sub Saharan Africa where research is apparently low-resourced.
Pedagogy and Agency in Postgraduate Student Supervision in a Rural South African University
Authors: Nyoni Phefumula N.
Published: October 2019

Postgraduate studies in South Africa's higher education and the world have come to occupy an important position not only due to the high level of professional development attached to it but also due to the significance of post-graduate research towards the university's research output. This chapter is based on a combination of informal interviews with supervisors and doctoral students, observing student supervisor interactions as well as personal experiences within the doctoral study trail. The notions of agency and pedagogy related to the complexities surrounding how supervisor-student interactions could shape various forms of agency that may act as enabling or constraining within the doctoral study route are explored. This is particularly with respect to poorly resourced universities, particularly those often referred to as the historically disadvantaged universities (HDUs) in South Africa.
Social Work and Its Complexity in Aotearoa New Zealand
Authors: Hameed Shahul , Raman Anthony
Published: October 2019

The Social workers need to call on a broad range of sources of bodies of knowledge and respond to the complexity and its chaotic nature of situations arising in social work profession. There appears to be dire need to consider the use of (a) the theoretical knowledge into practice by being more caring and supportive with the aim of (b) disentangling the various elements of a complex system and enhancing the resilience both of the people involved and the social and organizational systems that they are inter-twined with people lives. The current acknowledgement of the bi-cultural framework by the Aotearoa New Zealand Association of Social Workers (ANZASW) is no doubt a positive move towards infusing indigenous practice frame work into dealing with the chaotic nature and complexity of the social work profession in New Zealand but still remains to be seen in actual social work practice .The purpose of this chapter is to attempt to explore the potential of infusing Indigenous bodies of knowledge into practice against the background of the complexity nature of the social work profession in a developed world like New Zealand.
Indigenous Knowledge Management Practices in Indigenous Organizations in South Africa and Tanzania
Authors: Lwoga Edda Tandi , Ngulube Patrick , Stilwell Christine
Published: October 2019

Traditional communities have a highly developed knowledge system. They struggle, however, to lobby for critical issues as this knowledge is not documented. The chapter addresses this problem by seeking a suitable knowledge creation model for South African and Tanzanian indigenous organizations. It draws on fieldwork and reviews the literature and organizational websites. It applies Myer's seven C's model (2014) to determine how knowledge management may assist organizations in addressing challenges effectively. The findings demonstrate that Myers's model (2014) has been successful in part in explaining the knowledge management practices of indigenous organizations in these two countries. It is also difficult for indigenous organizations to motivate people to share knowledge because indigenous knowledge is individualized and used as a source of power, status and income in the communities. It is therefore important to promote integration of indigenous knowledge with other knowledge systems for socio-economic growth, and advocating change in institutional structures.
Culturally Responsive Relationships Focused Pedagogies
Authors: Burgess Catherine Maree , Evans John Robert
Published: October 2019

This chapter examines the importance of culturally responsive relationships-focused pedagogical approaches in engaging Aboriginal students in their learning and the significance of this to improving their educational outcomes. Significantly, the themes and issues raised in this chapter reflect much of the international literature on Indigenous, minority and marginalised students. The following enablers are necessary when implementing culturally responsive relationships focused pedagogies: Engaging with Aboriginal families and community members; Harnessing Aboriginal students' backgrounds, lived experiences and interests as classroom resources; Implementing innovative place-based curriculum approaches, and Exploring holistic teacher professional learning opportunities. The combination of these factors creates quality learning environments as places of belonging and socio-cultural support underpinned by mobilising Aboriginal family and community social and cultural capital in the educational process. Once schools and teachers realise the potential of this approach, conditions are created to improve the academic, social and cultural outcomes of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander students.
Mobile Learning and Indigenous Education in Canada
Authors: Pulla Siomonn
Published: October 2019

M-Learning holds great potential for supporting the positive educational outcomes of underserved Indigenous communities in the Candian North, and even in urban centers, that are at risk of exclusion from affordable, high-quality learning experiences. The technical advantages of having mobile technology to deliver educational curricula and assess outcomes, however, must not overshadow the continuing need for culturally relevant teaching modalities that work for Indigenous learners. When used innovatively, mobile learning can be integrated successfully into a context of existing practices, beliefs, experiences, and values related to Indigenous epistemologies and pedagogies. These mobile technologies are not only helping Indigenous learners to develop new media aptitudes, they are providing an opportunity for learners and instructors to develop stronger links between formal and informal learning opportunities, building on the inherently mobile and contextual traditions of Indigenous peoples.
Embedding Indigenous Knowledge in Library and Information Science Education in Anglophone Eastern and Southern Africa
Authors: Ngulube Patrick
Published: October 2019

There is need to re-examine the inclusion or exclusion of indigenous knowledge (IK) in the university curriculum in sub Saharan Africa (SSA). Western scientific knowledge on which the university curriculum in SSA is mainly based has proved to be inadequate in addressing developmental challenges. Using the curriculum of library and information science (LIS) departments in Anglophone east and southern Africa (AESA) as a case study, this chapter focuses on factors that influence the inclusion of IK in higher education in SSA. IK is recognised for its potential contribution to development by organisations such as the World Bank and African Union. Its inclusive ethos and accommodation of multiple realities also accounts for its popularity. In spite of that, IK has not established a stronghold in LIS curriculum in AESA. This study investigates the factors that influence its integration into the curriculum and makes recommendations based on the findings.
The Transforming Role of Education in a Post-Conflict Region in Southeastern Bangladesh
Authors: Uddin Ala
Published: October 2019

This paper attempts to provide an insight into the transforming role of education in peace-building in the Chittagong Hill Tracts (CHT). The region has been witnessed ethnic conflict since the mid-1970s. However, the situation intensified with the government sponsored population transfer program (1979 onward), which not only changed the demographic profile, it forcibly displaced many indigenous people—who less than two decades earlier had already been displaced by the Kaptai hydroelectric project (in 1960s). Consequently, the indigenous people who were already in duress because of land scarcity caused by the dam and transmigration faced further survival problem in competition with the Bengali settlers. In this situation, the indigenous people resisted the influx of the Bengali settlers in the hills. In response to the resistance, the Bangladesh government deployed a huge number of military and other armed forces to foil the “insurgency”. In consequence, many incidents of massacre, attack and reprisal attack, killing, sexual violence, etc. took place, often committed by the armed forces and Bengali settlers. However, a couple of initiatives led to a long-awaited agreement in 1997, which formally ended the two and half-decade-long bloody conflict in the hills. Even though 17 years have elapsed since the signing of the Accord, the region is neither a peaceful nor a secured region to its people. Under the circumstances, this paper proposes education can transform the communities toward peaceful coexistence. Addressing the sensitive issues education can contribute to reconstruct and social renewal in the aftermath of violent conflict. Based on empirical findings, also consulted with secondary sources, the paper posits, merely education is not the solution of the long-standing conflict; however, it has significant role to play in peace-building in the post-conflict and conflict-affected societies, like the CHT.
The Black Academy
Authors: Rose Mark
Published: October 2019

The continent nominated by Westerners “Terra Australis Incognita” was land occupied for tens of thousands of years; home to peoples whose surviving descendants, the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, could claim to have sustained the world's oldest culture. The colonists occupying the territory, however, declared it “terra nullius,” a land with no recognized claim. The colonial attitude to Indigenous culture was similar, treating it as “Intellectual nullius.” From the colonial occupation to the 1980s became the “Dark Ages for Indigenous Knowledge,” in which the trans-generational capability, engaged in Western knowledge, was rare. In this chapter, this history is revisited on a path to current contributions of the Black Academy to higher education. These are advanced here as: an Indigenous perspective; an oppositional approach; integrative Indigenous knowledge; contemporary Indigenous knowledge; and pure Indigenous knowledge. Reflecting on the research paradigm involved, emerging contributions of the Black Academy represent a supercomplex renaissance.
An Interface Between Traditional Knowledge and Intellectual Property Rights (IPR)
Authors: Dhanaraj Nisha , Sharma Mamta
Published: October 2019

Traditional knowledge and Intellectual Property Rights (IPR), both are supplementary and complementary to each other. The aim of traditional knowledge is to promote community interest and protect indigenous rights against bio-piracy and bio-prospecting. On the other hand, IPR guarantees monopoly of a product or service to an organization and empowers it to profit from it. This article studies the present Indian IPR system to understand whether it is capable to handle traditional knowledge or should it be amended to incorporate a separate law to protect traditional knowledge. Besides, a large-scale commercialization and unauthorized use of traditional knowledge has been observed, which gives rise to the need to screen and protect it. This article also takes into consideration the Bonn guidelines and Indian Biodiversity Act 2002 and the issues related to traditional knowledge, and finds that the current issues cannot be resolved by the existing IPR regime.
A Pedagogical Corpus to Support a Language Teaching Curriculum to Revitalize an Endangered Language
Authors: Gatbonton Elizabeth , Pelczer Ildiko , Cook Conor , Venkatesh Vivek , Nochasak Christine , Andersen Harriet
Published: October 2019

An obstacle to revitalizing an endangered language is the shortage of authentic speech samples for learners to use as models. Digital recordings of community elders performing traditional chores and special rituals or narrating legends and myths are often made to overcome this obstacle. These recordings, however, contain speech that lacks the crucial features of conversational speech that make them appropriate instructional models. Effective model utterances should be short, have a stand-alone format, and have similar structures to utterances used in everyday transactions, which must be labeled and tagged and organized into a searchable corpus. To date, however, no such corpus exists for indigenous languages, and compiling one is an enormous task. To provide native speech models for adult Labrador Inuit learning their endangered language, Inuttitut, the authors explored the feasibility of building a specialized corpus potentially useful for aiding classroom instruction, using an internationally recognized open-source search and retrieval system called Topic Maps to create its database.
O Comportamento do Consumidor Associado a Fatores Culturais e Sob Uma Perspectiva de Gênero
Authors: Luna Camilla Pinto
Published: October 2019

Resenha do livro Gender, Culture, and Consumer Behavior, editado pelas professoras Cele C. Otnes e Linda Tuncay Zayer. O exemplar é composto por capítulos que exploram áreas tradicionalmente concentradas em diferenças e papéis de gênero, como a área da publicidade. Dentre os dezesseis capítulos do livro, encontram-se tópicos que abordam aspectos sobre masculinidade, questões referentes à sustentabilidade, cultura de fãs e interseccionalidade.
Inter-functional Collaboration and Inter-organizational Relationships in Communications Strategy Implementation
Authors: Canacott John A. , Ellis Nicholas T. , Tadajewski Mark
Published: October 2019

There is a dearth of empirical studies focusing on marketing implementation, especially regarding the interplay between different functional areas and service providers.  To fill this gap, this paper explores running a communications campaign across several organizations. It takes a practitioner perspective via agency and client interviews embedded within a longitudinal case study. We find that practitioners argue that closer collaboration between sales and marketing functions is vital. However, there appears to be little awareness of some of the processes that influence successful strategy implementation, particularly the impact of inter-personal and inter-organizational relationships.
As Interseções da Semiótica Com os Estudos de Marketing no Século XXI: Uma Revisão Sistemática da Literatura
Authors: Lima Vitor Moura , Corrêa Alessandra Baiocchi , Pessôa Luís Grubits
Published: October 2019

A primeira referência à Semiótica na literatura de marketing data, segundo Mick (1986), do final dos anos 1970, no artigo Beyond Attitude Structure: toward the informational determinants of attitude de Holbrook (1978), em que estuda as propriedades semânticas das mensagens publicitárias. Contudo, a Semiótica como abordagem teórico-metodológica aplicada às questões do consumo e do marketing começou a se fazer mais presente apenas nas décadas seguintes, como nos trabalhos de Grayson e Martinec (2004) e Belk (2017). Nesse sentido, o presente artigo tem o objetivo de mapear de que maneira as interseções entre a Semiótica e o Marketing vêm sendo discutidas no contexto de publicações acadêmicas nacionais e internacionais. Para isso, foi conduzida uma revisão sistemática da literatura, considerando artigos na base do Web of Science (WoS) e SCOPUS, tendo uma delimitação temporal de 2000 até o final do primeiro semestre de 2017. Ao todo, foram encontrados 103 textos para análise. Com relação aos achados, pode-se destacar o crescente volume anual de publicações, o que aponta para o interesse e relevância dos temas, além da determinação dos temas mais pesquisados pela perspectiva da semiótica: significados de atrações turísticas, marcas, comportamento do consumidor, comunicação de marketing, e significados relacionados a produtos.
Fazendo Perguntas Com Um Foco Reflexivo: Um Guia Para o Planejamento e Condução de Entrevistas
Authors: Arsel Zeynep
Published: October 2019

Entrevistas são uma fonte de dados primária em pesquisas publicadas no Journal of Consumer Research. Esse texto pretende servir de guia para pesquisadores sobre como planejar e executar pesquisas empíricas sobre consumo e comportamento do consumidor baseadas em entrevistas.
Immunity and the role of selected plants as immunomodulators: a review
Authors: Chandana E. P. S.
Published: October 2019

The immune system is an incredible constellation of cells, tissues, organs and molecules that provides protection against a wide spectrum of pathogens and particles keeping us healthy within the challenging microbial environment. Immune system is capable of neutralizing most of the pathogenic attacks without leaving any trace of disease or abnormality in normal functionality of the body. However, some pathogens are strong enough to cause infectious diseases. In the battle against pathogens the immune system adopts two distinct pathways namely, innate immunity and adaptive immunity. Nonspecific innate immunity elicits the same generic response regardless of the pathogen and it mediated by key phagocytic cells. Adaptive immunity elicits pathogen specific immune responses carrying immunological memory. In therapeutic approaches the immune system is fine-tuned with the aid of external agents called immunomodulators. Immunomodulation refers to any alterations in the immune system involving induction, expression, amplification or inhibition of any part or phase in the immune response in order to achieve a better immune response. In clinical perspective immunomodulators appear in three categories including Immuno adjuvants, immune stimulants, and immune suppressants. A diverse array of synthetic and natural agents is applied in therapies. Plants are a rich source of bioactive substance exerting their effects on almost all the systems of the body while playing as immunomodulators. Thus the present review is focused on the immunemodulating activity of various plants in experimental perspective.
Is cemented revision total hip arthroplasty a reasonable treatment option in an elderly population?
Authors: Born Philipp , Manzoni Isabella , Ilchmann Thomas , Clauss Martin
Published: October 2019

Revision THA is increasingly performed especially in the elderly population. The surgeon’s challenge is to provide a solution that supports immediate full weight-bearing, despite poor bone quality. Shape-closed revision stems facilitate that by combining cement fixation with additional press-fit anchoring. The design tolerates varying cement mantle thickness and inconsistent cancellous bone lining of the femoral canal. Following that philosophy, we present our mid-term results using a long version of a cemented Charnley- Kerboull type stem. From 2010 to 2017, 38 long Charnley-Kerboull revision stems (Centris®, Mathys European Orthopaedics, Bettlach, Switzerland) were implanted and followed prospectively. Surgery was performed via a Hardinge approach in supine position with a third generation cementing technique. Patients were mobilized using full-weight bearing as early as possible. Survival was determined for stem revision for aseptic loosening and stem and/or cup revision for any reason. 20 stems had a minimum follow-up (f/u) of 2 years and were included for further radiological analysis. Detailed subsidence analysis as an early predictor for later aseptic loosening was performed using EBRA-FCA software. Further, the presence of osteolysis and cement debonding was evaluated. Mean follow- up was 4 years. No patient was lost to f/u.18 died of causes unrelated to THA. Stem survival was 100%. Survival for any re-operation was 82.2% (two early infections, one soft-tissue debridement, one cup exchange for recurrent dislocations). None of the cases revised for septic loosening showed signs of persistent infection at final f/u. EBRA-FCA revealed two oligosymptomatic cases of subsidence of 5mm and 6mm over a course of 2 and 12 months, respectively, with stable implants thereafter. Neither required revision. There was no development of osteolysis or debonding. The stem provides a reliable early fullweight bearing solution for revision THA with excellent mid-term survival in an elderly population. Even in two cases where subsidence was present, mobility was not impaired and re-revision could be avoided.
Lithofacies in the type section of the mid-Neoproterozoic Ram Head Formation, Mackenzie Mountains, Northwest Territories
Authors: Stone C , Turner E C
Published: October 2019

The mid-Neoproterozoic Ram Head Formation is the uppermost formation of the Little Dal Group and Mackenzie Mountains Supergroup and records epicratonic sedimentation in northeastern Laurentia immediately preceding the dispersal of supercontinent Rodinia. The Ram
Head Formation can be broadly divided into two members: a lower and an upper member. The lower member comprises abundant metre-scale shallowing upwards cycles composed of below wave-base molar-tooth dolomudstone, mechanically laminated dolomudstone and very rare and thin siltstone beds; and
shallower water ooid-intraclast grainstones and stromatolites. The upper member begins with a pisolitic unit - interpreted to be a caliche representing a significant period of exposure - and a deepening upwards cycle before the resumption of shallowing-upwards cycles. The upper member contains no
molar-tooth dolomudstone, and has significantly more and thicker siltstone units as well as terrigenous mudstone. A number of putative sedimentological evidences for synsedimentary tectonism are present throughout the formation and include: a sudden deepening-upwards cycle at the base of the upper
member, locally abundant debrites in the lower member, common soft-sediment deformation and local brittle deformation, and possible toppled stromatolites at the base of the Ram Head Formation. No synsedimentary faults have been observed.
Providing remedial support to primary school learners within their zone of proximal development
Authors: Taukeni Simon G.
Published: October 2019

Background: One of the methods receiving the current attention in addressing poor performance and low learning achievements among lower primary school learners is through remedial teaching. The approach to provide remedial support was informed by Vygotsky’s social development theory.Aim: The objective of this study was to support primary school learners who failed with ungraded symbols in their first school term to obtain better passing symbols at the end of Term 2 and Term 3.Setting: An intervention was carried out in 2016 academic year to provide remedial support to learners who were enrolled at Catholic AIDS Action Tonateni Centre in Oshakati town, Namibia.Methods: Quantitative approach and descriptive design methods were used in this study. The first school term results were used as a baseline. A total of 12 learners (five boys and seven girls) from Grades 1 to 7 were randomly selected to participate in the remedial class. Data collection instruments included learners’ school reports, homework books, class exercise books and test books. Statistical Package for Social Sciences was used to analyse descriptive statistics, namely, frequencies and percentages.Results: Results showed that the participating learners obtained better passing symbols in the three identified subjects: Oshindonga first language, English second language and mathematics as depicted in their Term 2 and Term 3 school reports.Conclusion: Remedial support demonstrated that learners who performed with poor symbols at the end of their first school term could still obtain better passing symbols in the second and third term provided they are supported to improve in their areas of learning difficulties.
The prevalence and associated factors of cigarette smoking and its association with opium use among outpatients in Afghanistan: A cross-sectional study in Andkhoy city
Authors: Hamrah Mohammad Shoaib , Hamrah Mohammad Hassan , Hamrah Mohammad Hassain , Hamrah Ahmad Edris , Dahi Toba , Pahlavanzade Bagher , Charkazi Abdurrahman , Hamrah Mohammad Hashem
Published: October 2019

Purpose: The objectives of this study were to estimate the prevalence and associated factors of cigarette smoking and the association between cigarette smoking and opium use among patients visiting an outpatient clinic in Afghanistan. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on consecutive patients aged 18 years and older from January 2018 to April 2018. Data on patients’ sociodemographic characteristics and clinical variables were collected using an interview-based survey. Results: Six hundred and twenty-two patients (391males vs. 231 females) were interviewed for this study. The overall prevalence of current smoking was 50.2% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 46.2–54.2). Males were (odds ratio [OR] = 9.5; 95% CI: 5.3–17.1) more likely to smoke cigarettes than females. The odds of current cigarette smoking increased with having a family member smoker or a friend smoker (OR =3.3; 95% CI: 2.0–5.3). Cigarette smoking was significantly associated with the level of education (illiterate OR = 8.9; 95% CI: 4.0–19.8), primary/private education (OR = 7.8; 95% CI: 3.9–15.6), and secondary education (OR = 4.4; 95% CI: 2.3–8.4), with high school or higher education as the reference group. Rural residents were 3.7 times (95% CI: 2.3–6.2) more likely to smoke cigarette than urban residents. Opium users were 23.0 times (95% CI: 12.5–42.3) more likely to smoke cigarettes than non-opium users. Conclusions: The prevalence of cigarette smoking among patients visiting an outpatient clinic in Afghanistan was high, and there was an association between cigarette smoking and male gender, a family history of smoking or a friend history of smoking, level of education, rural residency, and opium consumption.
Truth-in-Labeling Standard for Navigation Map Databases
Authors:   Motor Vehicle Council
Published: October 2019

This SAE Standard is a truth-in-labeling standard for map databases.
Motor Vehicle Seating Systems
Authors:   Motor Vehicle Council
Published: October 2019

This SAE Recommended Practice establishes uniform test procedures and certain minimum performance requirements for motor vehicle seats and seat adjusters. It is limited to tests that can be conducted on uniform test fixtures and equipment available in commercial laboratory test facilities. This practice includes a minimum requirement for horizontal forward loads encountered in vehicle forward impacts, and horizontal loads obtained by impacting the vehicle from the rear. The requirements and test procedures in this recommended practice reflect current technology and industry experience. It is intended to subject this recommended practice to a continuing review and revision as technology advances and experience is expanded.
Galvanic Corrosion Between Coated Al Alloy Plate and Stainless Steel Fasteners, Part 1: FEM Model Development and Validation
Authors: Marshall R.S. , Kelly R.G. , Goff A. , Sprinkle C.
Published: October 2019

Aerospace structures often involve dissimilar materials to optimize structural performance and cost. These materials can then lead to the formation of galvanic couples when moisture is present. Specifically, noble metal fasteners (such as SS316) are often used in aluminum alloy load-bearing structures, which can lead to accelerated, localized corrosion attack of the aluminum alloy due to the cathodic current supplied by the SS316 fastener. This localized attack is difficult to predict, and tests are often expensive, so modeling of these galvanic couples could be of great utility. The work reported here focuses on the galvanic coupling between fasteners installed in a panel test assembly, and the resultant corrosion damage down the fastener holes. This arrangement is a common assembly geometry in aerospace applications. A specific sol-gel coating was applied to the fasteners, to determine its effectiveness on mitigating galvanic corrosion; bare fasteners were also tested, to investigate a worst-case scenario. Geometric constraints in the model were made to match those of an experimental test panel, which was exposed to ASTM B117 salt fog for 504 h. The electrochemical boundary conditions were generated in solutions appropriate to the material and environment to which it would be exposed. Anodic charge passed during exposure was calculated from image analyses of the corrosion damage in the experimental test, and the results were compared with the model. The Laplacian-based model provides a very good first approximation for predicting the damage within the fastener hole. Validation was provided by both experimental results generated in this study as well as comparison to results in the literature that used similar, but not identical, conditions.
Notas sobre la Experiencia de Ocio Estético
Authors: Barbosa Junior Francisco Welligton de Sousa , Baptista Maria Manuel Rocha Teixeira , Monteagudo Sánchez María Jesús
Published: October 2019

El presente texto de carácter teórico-exploratorio tiene como objetivo presentar algunas reflexiones sobre la experiencia de ocio estético. Atendiendo a dicho objetivo, se lleva a cabo una revisión bibliográfica a partir de escritos sobre la experiencia de ocio estético en bases de datos y colecciones de libros, tales como el Scielo o la colección Documentos de Estudios de Ocio. El descriptor que guía las búsquedas es “ocio estético”, excluyéndose los textos no relacionados con dicha temática. Se destacan en este trabajo, dos apartados, denominados "Entre Experiencia de Ocio y Experiencia Estética" y "Características Específicas de la Experiencia de Ocio Estético". En la primera parte, se presentan algunos hitos sobre la experiencia estética y sus relaciones con la experiencia de ocio; posteriormente, se presentan aquellas características que son íntimamente peculiares de la experiencia de ocio estético. Todo ello, permite concluir que la percepción de la belleza es el elemento central de la experiencia de ocio estético, pues se da a partir de una mirada en la que dialogan la persona y su cultura; un diálogo que permite a la persona un encuentro consigo misma, nuevas miradas sobre su contexto y reconstrucciones identitarias, además de contribuir a posibles procesos de micro-resistencia ante discursos dominantes en su cultura.
Validity of the screener and opioid assessment for patients with pain-revised (SOAPP-R) in patients with cancer
Authors: Yasin, MPH Junaid T. , Leader, DrPH, MPH Amy E. , Petok, MSW, MPH Alison , Garber, MSW Gregory , Stephens, MSW Britainy , Worster, MD Brooke
Published: October 2019

Objective: To determine the utility of the screener and opioid assessment for patients with pain-revised (SOAPP-R) for patients with cancer-related pain. Design: The authors performed a retrospective analysis of cancer patients screened with the SOAPP-R. Opiate abuse was determined using a combination of urine drug screens and analysis of patients’ electronic medical records.Setting/Patients: Patients who were seen at a palliative care clinic presenting with pain or needing an opioid prescription at an academic medical center with any type of cancer were screened using the SOAPP-R (N = 69).Outcome measures: Aberrant opioid-related behavior was determined using a combination of provider notes and urine drug screens.Results: A positive SOAPP-R score (≥18) was observed in 27 participants (39.1 percent). The sensitivity and specificity of the SOAPP-R in the study population was 0.75 and 0.80, respectively.Conclusions: The SOAPP-R, in its current form, may have value in screening patients with cancer for substance abuse. Incorporation of the screening tool in palliative and oncology settings may help reduce opioid abuse in cancer patients.
Prescription Opioid Misuse Index in sickle cell patients: A brief questionnaire to assess at-risk for opioid abuse
Authors: Smith, MD Wally R. , McClish, PhD Donna K. , Roberts, MD John D. , Kandalaft, MD Osama , Dahman, PhD Bassam , Knisely, PhD Janet , Levenson, MD James , Roseff, MD Susan , Aisiku, MD Imo P.
Published: October 2019

Objective: To develop a survey instrument to identify adult sickle cell disease (SCD) patients on chronic opioid therapy who are at-risk for opioid abuse. Design: Prospective survey and interview.Setting: Adult SCD clinic in a large urban teaching facility.Patients/participants: Convenience sampling of adult patients presenting to the sickle cell clinic.Interventions: None.Main outcome: Primary outcome was “at-risk for opioid misuse,” defined as at least 3/8 “yes” answers (a positive composite score) on the Prescription Opioid Misuse Index (POMI) questionnaire. Secondary outcome was DSM-IV criteria for substance abuse using the DSM IV Diagnostic Interview Schedule.Results: Of the 99 patients who completed the POMI, the mean age was 36 years; 58.6 percent were female, 48 percent were hemoglobin SS (47/99), and 26 percent were SC (26/99). Twenty-four percent (24/99) were identified as at-risk for opioid misuse using the POMI. There were no differences in demographic, SCD genotype, or socioeconomic variables for at-risk versus not-at-risk patients.Conclusion: Twenty-four percent of unselected adult SCD patients on opioids were identified as at-risk for opioid misuse using a quick survey. This may represent as much as 2.5-7 times the national misuse rate. This group of patients may benefit from additional diagnostic and therapeutic interventions to help understand and manage their opioid usage.