bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
GDM-Induced Vascular Injury and Its Relationship with Fetal Metabolic Impairment
Authors: Espinoza Cristian
Published: February 2022

Cardiovascular diseases are a significant health problem worldwide. To date, there is a lack of awareness that perinatal factors can predispose to CVD before birth. Gestational diabetes mellitus is an increasingly prevalent disease associated with poor fetal outcomes and CVD in the offspring. Evidence from the last decades suggests that GDM causes endothelial dysfunction and impairs nutrient transfer across the placenta to the fetus. These pathological features are associated with altered vascular and trophoblastic homeostasis in the placenta, predisposing the offspring to vascular injury, altered metabolic condition, and future CVD. This chapter focuses its discussion on the to-date understanding of GDM fetoplacental vascular and nutrient transfer impairment that causes, along with the latest advances, limitations, and questions that remain unresolved in this field.
Reactive Distillation Applied to Biodiesel Production by Esterification: Simulation Studies
Authors: Machado Guilherme , Castier Marcelo , dos Santos Monique , Nishiyama Fábio , Aranda Donato , Cardozo-Filho Lúcio , Cabral Vladimir , Steffen Vilmar
Published: February 2022

Reactive distillation is an operation that combines chemical reaction and separation in a single equipment, presenting various technical and economic benefits. In this chapter, an introduction to the reactive distillation process applied to the biodiesel industry was developed and complemented by case studies regarding the production of biodiesel through esterification a low-cost acid feedstock (corn distillers oil) and valorization of by-products (glycerol) through ketalization. The kinetic parameters of both reactions were estimated with an algorithm that performs the minimization of the quadratic differences between experimental and calculated data through a Nelder-Mead simplex method. A 4th order Runge Kutta method was employed to integrate the conversion or concentration equations used to describe the kinetics of the reactions in a batch reactor. Both processes were simulated in the commercial software Aspen Plus with the estimated kinetic parameters. The results obtained are promising and indicate that the productivity of both processes can be improved with the application of reactive distillation technologies. The simulated esterification process with an optimized column resulted in a fatty acids conversion increase of 84% in comparison to the values lower than 50% obtained in the experimental tests. Solketal production through ketalization also achieved a high glycerol conversion superior to 98%.
Failure Modes in Fiber Reinforced Composites and Fracture Toughness Testing of FRP
Authors: Meltem Toygar Evren , Gulakman Ahmet
Published: February 2022

In this paper, interlaminar fracture behavior of woven-fabric-reinforced glass/epoxy composites has been investigated experimentally and numerically. The mechanical properties of this composite were studied and Mode I (Tensile Opening) DCB (Double Cantilever Beam) tests were performed on Fiber Reinforced Composite (FRP) specimens to determine the delaminating resistance of composite laminates used for structural applications. Techniques for measuring the interlaminar fracture toughness, KIC data of woven-fabric-reinforced glass/epoxy composite materials, are highlighted under the consideration of ASTM Standard D5528–01 and test methods ISO 15024, DIN EN ISO 75-1 and DIN EN ISO 75-3. The obtained test results were apparently consistent with the assumptions of the CCM (Compliance Calibration Method) that was used to obtain the interlaminar critical SERR (strain energy release rate), GIC. Finite element analysis was conducted to validate the closed form solution. The use of obtained mechanical properties data in finite element analyses utilizing fracture mechanics are examined. Results show a good agreement between experimental and numerical solutions.
Decolonizing Coptic (Music) Studies
Authors: Ramzy Carolyn
Published: February 2022

In this discussion, I consider the rising ambivalences of situating Coptic (music) studies within their lived encounters of Western colonialism and continued Western cultural imperialism. In many ways, Coptic (music) studies is the direct result of Coptic colonial encounters, as Western scholars first categorized, transcribed, and studied Coptic music and Copts as colonial subjects. In turn, Copts too have strategized their subaltern status as a beleaguered religious minority in Egypt to cultivate a critical indigeneity movement that continues today. Here, I argue that to dismiss Coptic ongoing experiences of coloniality, both in Egypt and in Copts’ new North American homelands, exacerbates the gendered and classed exclusions of non-canonical voices in Coptic music’s lived experiences, in this case, women’s voices. Only by situating Coptic scholarship, histories, and music culture within these larger contexts can we begin to reckon with how European powers, extractive scholarly wealth, and Eurocentric imperial structures continue to shape the ways in which we engage with Coptic Christianity, either as pious believers, clerics who administer the Church’s most Holy rites, or as scholars both within and outside of the community. In the end, we may even work towards decolonizing ourselves and learn how to be active allies and advocates for others who, like us, share an ongoing and dialectical history with coloniality and cultural sovereignty.
Lipid nanoparticles employed in mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccines: An overview of materials and processes used for development and production
Authors: Pantelić Ivana , Ilić Tanja , Nikolić Ines , Savić Snežana
Published: February 2022

In the light of the recommended application of the third dose, both public and professional community would benefit from a detailed report on the technological advances behind the developed messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) based COVID-19 vaccines. Although many vaccine developers are yet to reveal their precise formulations, it is apparent they are founded on nanotechnology platforms similar to the one successfully used for registered drug OnpattroTM (INN: patisiran). Optimal encapsulation of mRNA requires the presence of four lipids: an ionizable cationic lipid, a polyethylene-glycol (PEG)-lipid, a neutral phospholipid and cholesterol. Together with other excipients (mainly buffers, osmolytes and cryoprotectives), they enable the formation of lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) using rapid-mixing microfluidic or T-junction systems. However, some limitations of thermostability testing protocols, coupled with the companies' more or less cautious approach to predicting vaccine stability, led to rigorous storage conditions: -15° to -25°C or even -60° to -80°C. Nevertheless, some inventors recently announced their mRNA-LNP based vaccine candidates to be stable at both 25° and 37°C for a week. Within the formulation design space, further optimization of the ionizable lipids should be expected, especially in the direction of increasing their branching and optimizing pKa values, ultimately leading to the second generation of mRNA-LNP COVID-19 vaccines.
Análisis de las actitudes hacia el hecho multicultural en una muestra de estudiantes españoles de Magisterio
Authors: M. Martínez-Sánchez Alina , Esteban Moreno Rosa , Pabón Carrasco Manuel
Published: February 2022

Multiculturalism is a fact that has its impact on the educational system and demands attention to the training of teachers to educate in diversity. Research with a quantitative approach was developed based on a single data collection method with an ordinal Likert scale character, based on a non-experimental, exploratory, longitudinal, and descriptive design. To obtain the information of applied a questionnaire (Scale of Attitudes towards the Multicultural Fact) with an Alpha of Cronbach of 0.8 to a sample of 1,170 students of teaching. Although positive attitudes towards the multicultural fact appear, it is verified the necessity to work, from the Faculties of Education, the multicultural education, that facilitates to the future teachers the incorporation, in its daily activity, of an agreed answer with the multicultural fact.

La multiculturalidad es un hecho que tiene su impacto en el sistema educativo y demanda atender a la formación del profesorado para educar en la diversidad. Se desarrolló una investigación con enfoque cuantitativo apoyado en un único método de recogida de datos con carácter de escala ordinal tipo Likert, basado en un diseño no experimental, exploratorio, longitudinal y descriptivo. Para obtener la información se aplicó un cuestionario (Escala de Actitudes hacia el Hecho Multicultural) con un Alpha de Cronbach de 0,8 a una muestra de 1.170 estudiantes de magisterio. Aunque aparecen actitudes positivas hacia el hecho multicultural, se constata la necesidad de trabajar, desde las Facultades de Educación, la educación multicultural, que facilite a los futuros maestros la incorporación, en su actividad diaria, de una respuesta acorde con el hecho multicultural.
NIST time and frequency bulletin :
Authors: Rodriguez Kelsey
Published: February 2022

The Time and Frequency Bulletin provides information on performance of time scales and a variety of broadcasts (and related information) to users of the NIST services.
Ground states for fractional nonlocal equations with logarithmic nonlinearity
Authors: Guo Lifeng , Sun Yan , Shi Guannan
Published: February 2022

In this paper, we study on the fractional nonlocal equation with the logarithmic nonlinearity formed by \[\begin{cases}\mathcal{L}_{K}u(x)+u\log|u|+|u|^{q-2}u=0, & x\in\Omega,\\ u=0, & x\in\mathbb{R}^{n}\setminus\Omega,\end{cases}\] where \(2\lt q\lt 2^{*}_s\), \(L_{K}\) is a non-local operator, \(\Omega\) is an open bounded set of \(\mathbb{R}^{n}\) with Lipschitz boundary. By using the fractional logarithmic Sobolev inequality and the linking theorem, we present the existence theorem of the ground state solutions for this nonlocal problem.
The d-bar formalism for the modified Veselov-Novikov equation on the half-plane
Authors: Hwang Guenbo , Moon Byungsoo
Published: February 2022

We study the modified Veselov-Novikov equation (mVN) posed on the half-plane via the Fokas method, considered as an extension of the inverse scattering transform for boundary value problems. The mVN equation is one of the most natural \((2+1)\)-dimensional generalization of the \((1+1)\)-dimensional modified Korteweg-de Vries equation in the sense as to how the Novikov-Veselov equation is related to the Korteweg-de Vries equation. In this paper, by means of the Fokas method, we present the so-called global relation for the mVN equation, which is an algebraic equation coupled with the spectral functions, and the \(d\)-bar formalism, also known as Pompieu's formula. In addition, we characterize the \(d\)-bar derivatives and the relevant jumps across certain domains of the complex plane in terms of the spectral functions.
Surface discharge of bulk materials investigated from change of charge trap characteristics of polyimide single molecular chain
Authors: Li Ya-Sha , Xia Yu , Liu Shi-Chong , Qu Cong ,   College of Electrical and New Energy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
Published: February 2022

Surface discharge is one of the reasons for insulation failure. Polyimide (PI) is used in gas-solid insulation of high-frequency electric power equipment. Therefore, based on density functional theory, the effects of single molecular chain structure, energy level, density of states, electrostatic potential, excited state and other micro parameters under external electric field on trap formation and surface discharge of both PI and polar- group- OH– affected PI are discussed from the atomic and molecular level. The results show that the structure of PI is crimped and the dipole moment increases under external electric field, which is easy to accumulate charges to form space charge center, especially after the introduction of polar group OH–. In the PI molecules, hole traps are formed in the benzene ring region, and electron traps are formed in the imide ring region. The number of electron trap energy levels is large, in which the space charge trap depth gradually deepens with the increase of external electric field. After the introduction of polar group OH–, the excitation energy of PI molecules decreases, which makes the electrons inside the molecules excited easily. The spatial separation of electrons and holes decreases with the increase of electric field, which is conducive to the recombination of holes and electrons to emit photons.
Impairing one sensory modality enhances another by reconfiguring peptidergic signalling in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Valperga Giulio , de Bono Mario
Published: February 2022

Animals that lose one sensory modality often show augmented responses to other sensory inputs. The mechanisms underpinning this cross-modal plasticity are poorly understood. We probe such mechanisms by performing a forward genetic screen for mutants with enhanced O2 perception in Caenorhabditis elegans. Multiple mutants exhibiting increased O2 responsiveness concomitantly show defects in other sensory responses. One mutant, qui-1, defective in a conserved NACHT/WD40 protein, abolishes pheromone-evoked Ca2+ responses in the ADL pheromone-sensing neurons. At the same time, ADL responsiveness to pre-synaptic input from O2-sensing neurons is heightened in qui-1, and other sensory defective mutants, resulting in enhanced neurosecretion although not increased Ca2+ responses. Expressing qui-1 selectively in ADL rescues both the qui-1 ADL neurosecretory phenotype and enhanced escape from 21% O2. Profiling ADL neurons in qui-1 mutants highlights extensive changes in gene expression, notably of many neuropeptide receptors. We show that elevated ADL expression of the conserved neuropeptide receptor NPR-22 is necessary for enhanced ADL neurosecretion in qui-1 mutants, and is sufficient to confer increased ADL neurosecretion in control animals. Sensory loss can thus confer cross-modal plasticity by changing the peptidergic connectome.
QT Changes of Unforeseen Section Implications and Bedaquiline: An Observational Study
Authors: Dutta Samya , Ghosh Chitrita , Mukhopadhyay Sandip , Kumar TA Rupam
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Bedaquiline (BDQ), a diarylquinoline class of antimicrobial, is one of the latest anti-mycobacterial agents to be developed in several decades. Despite the drug being a great hope for the Drug Resistant Tuberculosis (DR-TB) patients, previous studies have raised alarm about BDQ-induced QT prolongations of serious clinical implication. Unfortunately, knowledge about adverse drug reaction of BDQ on Indian patients remains limited. Therefore, dedicated research focused on safety of BDQ in Indian population can provide valuable insight. Aim: To assess the short-term safety of BDQ on Indian DR-TB patients. Materials and Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted over a period of one year on the DR-TB patients under BDQ therapy. Data of all the DR-TB patients from the first 14 days of BDQ therapy were enrolled in the study. All adverse events during this period were closely observed and recorded. Electrocardiography (ECG) were recorded daily during this period. From the observed QT value, a ‘corrected QT’ (QTc) value was calculated using Fridericia’s formula (QTcF). Values above 440 ms were noted as prolonged QTcF and values >500 ms were given a special consideration. Results: Total 49 patients were recruited in this study, with mean age of 38.63±1.63 years. A total of 124 reports of adverse events or symptoms were recorded during the 14 days in-hospital period. Nausea was the most commonly reported complaint (n=33) followed by headache (n=30) and arthralgia (n=28). A total of 278 observations of prolonged QTcF values (>440 ms) was noted out of 686 ECG recordings. The mean QTcF values among day 1, day 7 and day 14 showed statistically significant difference {p=0.01, 95% CI (Confidence Interval)}. Moreover, a mean increase of 14.2% was observed in the QTcF values between day 1 and day 14. There were a total of 69 observations of QTcF value more than 500 ms. The incidence of such value was maximum on day 14 (n=9). The QTcF values were found to follow three distinct trends: a) Initial rise then fall (n=9), b) Initial fall and then rise (n=10) and c) Rise followed by further rise (n=30). Conclusion: The present observational study was targeted to detect the short-term safety of BDQ in the DR-TB patients during the initial 14 days of therapy. The patients complained of several non serious adverse effects. Three distinct patterns of QT changes and reduction of QTcF values were relatively new findings with the merit for further investigation. However, a longer perspective of adverse events was beyond the scope of this study.
The trend in Area, Production, Productivity of Cashew Nut in India with Special Reference to Kerala
Authors: Paul Haritha , K. N Ushadevi
Published: February 2022

Aims: Cashew is one of the most valuable processed nuts on global commodity markets and has the potential to generate employment and revenue for developing countries. India is the second largest exporter of cashew kernels in the world and earns a sizeable amount of foreign exchange. In India, cultivation of cashew is confined to Kerala, Karnataka, Goa and Maharashtra along the west coast and Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Orissa and West Bengal along the east coast. Cashew trees tend to be grown on marginal and less fertile land and may continue to produce for many years without the intensive inputs and labour that other crops require. Considering the promising future of the cashew market, the study aimed to analyse the trend and pattern of the cashew area, production and productivity in Kerala.

Methodology: For the purpose of the study, secondary data were collected for the period of 2000 – 2020 (20 years) from authenticated source like Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare.

Results: Among the total area (1125’000 ha) and production the (703’000 MT) in India, Kerala contributed only 8.5 percent area and 12.37 percent of production in the last year (2020). The trend in area, production and productivity shows a negative compound annual growth rate during the study period. This is mainly because; many of the farmers have shifted their crops to other lucrative crops like rubber and other plantations. As they found that these crops are profitable than cashew, moreover, compared to plantation crops, cashew still confined mostly to marginal and poor fertile lands and is considered as a wasteland crop and the recommended package of practice is not followed. This result in lowering the production and the productivity.

Conclusion: Farmers will benefit if they tap the opportunities of increasing demand of cashew in India and at the world level with the government support. The government may provide subsidy to farmers, to replant the aged plants with high yielding varieties which will in turn result in high productivity. As the expansion of area under cashew cultivation is difficult to achieve due to little wasteland is available and on better soil (Vernon, 1997), the homesteads and barren lands under the possession of government can be utilised for the cashew cultivation. This will help to restore the top position by the Kerala state, in the production of cashew nut in India.
Socio-economic, Communication and Psychological Characteristics of the Farmers using Mobile based Agro-advisory Services
Authors: Verma Tanuja , Sharma Gyanendra
Published: February 2022

The present study were carried out in Etah and Firozabad district of Uttar Pradesh state to know the socio-economic, communication and psychological characteristics of farmers using mobile based Agro-advisory Services. Descriptive as well as Analytical research design was adopted for the present study to make a critical evaluation. A total of 40 percent of respondents from the sampling frame were chosen for the study. Thus, the final sample size comprised of 180 (40% of 450) respondents. The method of proportional allocation in stratified random sampling procedure was adopted for the selection of respondents. The results revealed that most of the registered farmers were middle aged (54.44%) and all of them were male, had educational qualification up to higher secondary level (25%). Majority of the households mainly relied on farming as their main source of income (86.11%) and belonged to medium level of annual income (65.50%). They had land up to 4 hectares (50.60%), fellow farmers were most popular, and vast majority (98.90%) of farmers contacted them to get agricultural information, most of respondents (67.78%) owned two to three communication media. It was also found that 62.22 percent had medium level of mass media exposure and about 43.90 percent of the respondents had low level of extension agency contact, less than half (42.80%) of respondents had high economic motivation and decision making ability (40.60%). Only 38.90 per cent of respondents had medium level of achievement motivation.
Modelling Dynamic Behaviour of Out-Patient Department Visits at the University of Cape Coast Hospital Using Time Series Analysis
Authors: Bakr M. A. , Prah J. K. , Nkrumah K. S. , Tamag T.
Published: February 2022

Background: Accurate and reliable forecasting of outpatient department visits enhances decision-making and planning for future healthcare demands and is the foundation for greater and better utilization of healthcare resources and increased levels of outpatient care and satisfaction. Though the literature has proposed several candidate models for predicting outpatient visits in some hospitals in Ghana, the model regulating outpatient visits at the University of Cape Coast Hospital (UCC) is unknown. There is therefore a need to determine the best model applicable to the specific case of UCC Hospital.

Aim: This study sought to determine and model the dynamics of outpatient visits in UCC Hospital and to project outpatient healthcare demands at the facility for the period July 2021 to July 2024.

Methods: This paper employed a monthly periodicity of 114-time series data sourced from District Health Information Management Systems Two (DHIMS 2) on outpatient department visits at UCC Hospital from January 2012 to June 2021. The autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) models which are a form of the classical Box-Jenkins approach of Time Series Analysis were used to analyse the data. Analysis was performed in EViews 12.

Results: The study results showed twenty-five non-seasonal tentative models for the hospital and ARIMA (4, 1, 4) was selected as the best fit model with a fourth-order autoregressive and moving average terms each and one order of nonseasonal differencing. Residual analysis of the fitted model indicates that the model is adequate for forecasting. The findings revealed an overall rising trend in the incidence of outpatient department visits to the hospital over the study period with an average of 6000 visits per month. This is expected to increase to over 7000 visits per month over the next three-year period of July 2021 to June 2024 according to projections.

Conclusion: The forecast of outpatient visits in this study serves as early signals to the management of the University hospital and is intended to enhance human and material resource planning and allocation for better-quality healthcare delivery.
Trachyspermum ammi Seed Ethanolic Extract Inhibits Cell Proliferation on A549 Lung Cancer Cell: An In-vitro Analysis
Authors: Akshaya A. , Raghunandhakumar S. , Ezhilarasan D. , Lakshmi T.
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Lung cancer is the second most common type of cancer, accounting for one in every five male cancers and one in every nine female cancers. Lung cancer treatment is dictated by the cell type of the illness, the amount to which it has spread, and the patient's general condition. It is well understood that tumours confer resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs or radiation in part due to apoptotic pathway malfunction in cancer cells.

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the in vitro anti proliferative activity of the ethanolic extract of Trachyspermum ammi (T.ammi) seeds against A549 adenocarcinomic human alveolar basal epithelial cells.

Materials and Methods: The cytotoxicity and anti-cancer effects of ethanolic extract of Trachyspermum ammi (T.ammi) seeds against A549 cells were analyzed using MTT assay and morphological analysis by inverted phase contrast microscopy.

Results: The MTT assay results showed that 50% of the cell proliferation (IC50) has been inhibited upon T.ammi seed extract treatment for 24hrs incubation. The Dose-dependent studies revealed cytotoxic dose level IC50 of 50μg/ml for T.ammi seed extract on lung cancer cells. It clearly showed that the dose dependent treatments significantly (p<0.001) reduces the cell viability thereby inhibiting the cancer cell proliferation when compared and it was further confirmed with morphological evaluation with microscopic study.

Conclusion: From this study we concluded that the ethanol extract of T.ammi significantly inhibits cancer cell proliferation against A549 cells and it might be a potent anti-proliferative value for further evaluation to determine the therapeutic agent for cancer treatment.
Biogenesis of Zirconium Oxide Nanoparticles by Momordica charantia (Bitter Gourd) Leaf Extract: Characterization and their Antimicrobial Activities
Authors: Subramanian P. , David S. Alwin
Published: February 2022

Aims: To determine the antimicrobial activity of zirconium oxide nanoparticles (ZrO2 NPs) synthesized by Justicia Adhatoda leaf extract.

Study Design: Synthesis, characterization and antibacterial activity determination of ZrO2 NPs.

Place and Duration of Study: PG and Research Department of Chemistry, V.O.Chidambaram College, Tuticorin, Tamilnadu, India, between April 2020 and April 2021.

Methodology: Justicia adhatoda leaf extract was used to synthesize ZrO2 NPs. UV-Visible spectroscopy was used to characterize ZrO2 NPs. Using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, the function of biomolecules in plant extract in the synthesis of ZrO2 NPs was identified. XRD was used to determine the particle size of nanparticles. ZrO2 NPs were evaluated for antimicrobial activity.

Results: The synthesis of ZrO2 NPs was clearly visible in an absorbance band at 321 nm in the UV–visible spectrum. The absorption peak of ZrO2 NPs in the FTIR was 880 cm-1, confirming the Zr–O vibrational mode in ZrO2 NPs. As evidenced by XRD measurements, the average crystallite size of ZrO2 NPs was found to be 40 nm. The biosynthesized ZrO2 NPs were found to have potent antibacterial action against Escherichia coli bacteria and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria.

Conclusion: ZrO2 NPs mediated by Justicia adhatoda leaf extract have demonstrated substantial antibacterial activity
Anticariogenic Activity of Copper Nanoparticles Synthesized Using Blue Tea
Authors: Devi S. Kamala , Rajasekar Arvina , Rajeshkumar S.
Published: February 2022

Background: Nanotechnology is rapidly growing in various fields of science like medicinal, agricultural and physical and material sciences. Copper nanoparticles are particularly attractive because of copper’s high natural abundance and low cost and the practical and straightforward multiple ways of preparing copper based nanomaterials.

Aim: To assess the anticariogenic activity of copper nanoparticles synthesized using blue tea.

Materials and Methods: The blue tea powder was acquired. An aqueous extract was prepared and mixed with copper sulphate for copper nanoparticles formation and centrifuged for 10 minutes. The extract was then placed in the well cultured agar plates against C. albicans, S. mutans, S. aureus and E. faecalis and incubated for 24 hours. The zones of inhibition were then calculated.

Results: Against S. aureus, 25μl showed 10 mm of zone of inhibition, 50μl showed 10 mm of zone of inhibition and 100μl showed 12 mm of zone of inhibition. 21 mm of zone of inhibition were noted against the antibiotic. Against C. albicans, 25 μl showed 25 mm of zone of inhibition, 50 μl showed 26 mm of zone of inhibition and 100 μl showed 30 mm of zone of inhibition. 12 mm of zone of inhibition were noted against the antibiotic. Against S. mutans, 25 μl showed 10 mm of zone of inhibition, 50 μl showed 10 mm of zone of inhibition and 100 μl showed 25 mm of zone of inhibition. 21 mm of zone of inhibition were noted against the antibiotic. Against E. faecalis, 25 μl showed 10 mm of zone of inhibition, 50 μl showed 13 mm of zone of inhibition and 100 μl showed 14 mm of zone of inhibition. 37 mm of zone of inhibition were noted against the antibiotic.

Conclusion: The blue tea mediated copper nanoparticles showed anticariogenic activity against S. mutans, C. albicans, E. faecalis and S. aureus and therefore can be used for clinical application.
Guaifenesin Use in a Government Hospital in Al-Kharj
Authors: Ahmed Nehad J. , Fouda Dina I. , Foudah Ahmed I.
Published: February 2022

Aim: The present study aimed to describe the pattern of using guaifenesin in a government hospital in Al-Kharj.

Methodology: This is a retrospective cross-sectional study that was conducted in a government hospital in Al-Kharj. Prescription data was collected from outpatient electronic records.

Results: During the study period, 519 patients received guaifenesin syrup from the outpatient pharmacy of the government hospital. Most of the patients who used guaifenesin syrup were males (66.09%) and more than half of them were in the age group between 20-39 years old (55.10%). All of the prescriptions were written by residents (100%) and most of guaifenesin prescriptions were prescribed by emergency department (96.15%).

Conclusion: The present study showed that guaifenesin was frequently used in Al-kharj. Additional studies are needed to describe the frequency and pattern of using guaifenesin in different settings and also to describe the pattern of using other cough/cold medications.
Length of Hospital Stay and Oseltamivir in Mild or Moderate Degree COVID-19 Patients in North Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: Lestari Intan , Yurina Valentina , Lyrawati Diana
Published: February 2022

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 is caused by a new strain of corona virus that affect the human respiratory tract.

Aims: The aim of the study is to retrogressively review the use of antivirals on COVID-19 patients on their length of hospital stay (LoS) with mild and moderate degree of symptoms.

Study design:  This cross-sectional study used medical records of confirmed COVID-19 patients, hospitalized, and achieved recovery during May-November 2020.

Place and Duration of Study: Data were collected retrospectively at a General Hospital, Deli Serdang, North Sumatera, Indonesia.

Methodology: Convenient sampling technique was used to select 185 patient’s results who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria.

Results: The result showed that Oseltamivir was the only antiviral agent prescribed for COVID-19 patients. Oseltamivir was given to 80% of the patients and no antiviral agents for the rest 20%. The median LoS of COVID-19 patients with Oseltamivir was 11 days (ranged 2-34 days), whereas of those without antiviral agent was 12 days (ranged 4-29 days) at p = 0.049.  Also, there were significant differences observed in group of mild and moderate degree with number of symptoms, i.e. less symptoms associated with less length of hospital stay (adjusted p=0.0003). In COVID-19 patients group with mild degree and one symptom, again, Oseltamivir treatment had shorter LoS (median 5, ranged 3-9 days) than those not on Oseltamivir treatment (median 12, ranged 6-20 days) at  p = 0.0725. In moderate degree of COVID-19 patients with one symptom who were treated with Oseltamivir, LOS shortened (median 5 days) when compared to those without oseltamivir (median 12 days) (p= 0.0342).

Conclusion: In this study, the administration of oseltamivir was observed to shorten the length of stay of COVID-19 patients in the hospital.
Effect of Intracanal Cryotherapy on Surface Temperature Change in the Root Apex with Different Thickness; an Ex Vivo Study
Authors: Fatima Siddiqua , Jameel Asmat , Jouhar Rizwan , Saqib Muhammad , Ahmed Jamshed , Bokhari Syed Akhtar Hussain
Published: February 2022

Aims: To evaluate the effect of intracanal cryotherapy on surface temperature change in the root apex with different thickness.

Study Design: Comparative Study.

Place and Duration of Study: Operative Dentistry Department: Altamash Institute of Dental Medicine, Karachi, Pakistan: July 2020 till June 2021.

Materials & Methods: Sixty extracted single-rooted teeth were randomly divided into two groups: 30 each with one group consisting of teeth with ≤3 mm root thickness and another group consisting of teeth with thickness >3mm. Both groups were equally subdivided into Group A and Group B. After endodontic preparation of teeth, Group A underwent room temperature saline irrigation and Group B cold temperature saline (2.5°C) irrigation. A digital thermometer was used to measure the external root surface temperature by placing the thermocouple at 2 mm from the apex of the root’s buccal surface.

Results: Initial and final temperatures were compared using paired t-test. Independent t-test was applied to compare the final temperature between ≤3mm and >3mm thickness groups. P-value less than or equal to 5% level of significance was defined as statistically significant. In group A, An average temperature decrease of 4.4 ± 0.5°C was observed in the final temperature when thickness was ≤3mm (p=0.040) while a reduction of 2.6 ± 0.5°C was seen in the final temperature when thickness was >3mm (p=0.008). When thickness was ≤3 mm, final temperature among group A and Group B was significantly different with higher mean final temperature in Group A (p<0.001). At thickness >3mm, final temperature between Group A and Group B was different with significantly lower final temperature in Group B than Group A(p<0.001).

Conclusion: The external root surface temperature reduction was found to be inversely related to the external root thickness. Thin roots showed greater temperature reduction compared to thick roots.
POETRY SLAM: POR UMA COMUNIDADE QUE VEM
Authors: Forster Gabrielle
Published: February 2022

Com sua performance corporal, seu ludismo e o desejo de partilha na esfera comum e cotidiana, o poetry slam se manifesta como expressão poética resistente tanto no âmbito dos temas quanto das formas, inovando os lugares de fala e os veículos de circulação do literário. Como acontecimento plural e democrático, fundado na experiência aberta do encontro e na tomada dos lugares de fala silenciados e marginalizados, os slams poéticos veiculam uma forma de comunidade diferenciada: inoperante, inconfessável e impossível, na linha das reflexões propostas por autores como Jean-Luc Nancy, Esposito, Blanchot e Agamben. Na desconstrução da acepção moderna de comunidade, tomada como núcleo atributivo e homogêneo, reside sua capacidade de resistência, enquanto renovadora de espaços, discursos e existências.
CONTEMPLANDO OS DESTROÇOS DO FUTURO: A MEMÓRIA HISTÓRICA REVESTIDA DE FICÇÃO EM O CONTO DA AIA
Authors: Arboleya Valdinei José
Published: February 2022

Partindo das discussões sobre literatura, memória e história, objetiva-se, neste estudo, analisar o romance distópico O conto da Aia, [1985] (2017), de Margareth Atwood, como um gênero literário capaz de retomar vestígios da memória. Sustenta-se aqui, a associação entre memória e distopia como algo que se fundamenta no argumento de que textos distópicos são formas de retomar a tradição, problematizando riscos sociais e políticos e ressignificando as questões decorrentes do campo da formação das identidades. Assim, propõe-se, neste estudo, tecer algumas reflexões sobre os rastros do passado realocados sob a forma de ficção e ambientados em um futuro pós-apocalíptico no romance, mobilizando o conceito antropológico de valência diferencial dos sexos e o conceito de memória para estabelecer alguns caminhos comparativos entre as personagens deste romance e alguns arquétipos bíblicos.
LITERATURA E INDÚSTRIA CULTURAL: UM ESTUDO SOBRE ROMANCE-FOLHETIM COMO CULTURA DE MASSA
Authors: Araújo Naiara Sales , Figueiredo Isadora Fernandes
Published: February 2022

O presente artigo tem por objetivo refletir sobre a atuação da indústria cultural nas artes, primordialmente no romance-folhetim, por intermédio dos meios de comunicação. A partir dos estudos dos filósofos e sociólogos alemães Theodor Adorno (1903-1969) e Max Horkheimer (1895-1973), no que diz respeito a indústria cultural e cultura de massa, identificar-se-á como a literatura, mediante romances-folhetins, pôde tornar-se parte congruente da cultura de massa. Os resultados sugerem que a indústria cultural se tornou um dos principais veículos de produção no que se refere à arte no capitalismo moderno.
PRESENÇA DO HINDUÍSMO NA POESIA DE CECÍLIA MEIRELES ANTES DE POEMAS ESCRITOS NA ÍNDIA
Authors: Ferigate Anderson Azevedo , Silva Teresinha V. Zimbrão
Published: February 2022

No contexto da literatura brasileira e fora dela, a obra poética da escritora Cecília Meireles (1901-1964) é bastante conhecida. No entanto, ainda há um aspecto dessa obra pouco estudado pela crítica literária, no que diz respeito ao diálogo ceciliano com as religiões, a saber, a intensa relação que a poeta estabeleceu com o Hinduísmo. O presente artigo pretende refletir sobre essa relação, analisando alguns poemas escritos antes de ela viajar para a Índia em 1953. Esperamos mostrar que estudar a presença do Hinduísmo nos poemas anteriores a essa viagem, é, de fato, importante para compreender a obra da escritora como um todo.
ADÃO E EVA, DE TANIA FAILLACE, E A REVISÃO DO PATRIARCADO
Authors: Santos Leonardo Lopes , Pinheiro Alexandra Santos
Published: February 2022

O presente artigo busca explorar as relações do estabelecimento conceitual do patriarcado e as relações do feminismo e do feminino na obra da escritora Tania Jamardo Faillace, mais especificamente na novela Adão e Eva. No processo de análise, elencamos paralelos entre a tradição cultural e religiosa, seus contrastes e convergências com o texto faillaciano e a antropogonia judaico-cristã. O mote deste trabalho é a amostragem dessas ideias abordadas pela autora em seu segundo livro, bem como propiciar uma abertura para a compreensão de conceitos comuns ao pensamento crítico do patriarcado, ainda oblíquo na sociedade contemporânea.
POLOS CAMIÑOS DA MOTIVACIÓN E DA XEOLINGÜÍSTICA: OS NOMES DA VÍA LÁCTEA
Authors: Álvarez Rosario
Published: February 2022

Estudamos as denominacións da nosa galaxia no dominio lingüístico do galego e do portugués en Portugal e no Brasil, con base principal nos datos do Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (TLPGP). Analizámolas desde o punto de vista da motivación, moi arraigada en crenzas ancestrais con que a humanidade integrou ese fenómeno celeste en diferentes culturas ao longo de todo o mundo; esta perspectiva ten especial importancia no ámbito territorial do bloque lingüístico galego-portugués, ao se estender en áreas transoceánicas e superpoñerse a outras linguas e culturas. Analizámolas tamén desde o punto de vista xeolingüístico, mostrando a relación entre o afastamento do núcleo cultural orixinario, a vixencia ou perda da motivación e a mudanza na forma lingüística adoptada, sen esquecermos as posibilidades de novas motivacións adquiridas por hibridación nesa expansión territorial.
PANORAMA DA TOPONIMIA GALEGA (A TRAVÉS DOS SEUS NOMES MÁIS FRECUENTES)
Authors: Boullón Ana
Published: February 2022

O Nomenclátor de Galicia (noroeste da Península Ibérica), con case 40.000 formas, serve de punto de partida para a localización dos topónimos máis frecuentes; unha vez seleccionados, identifícase o seu significado e unifícanse as súas variantes formais: o resultado é unha relación de 83 palabras presentes en topónimos con máis de 50 ocorrencias. Finalmente clasifícanse en áreas semánticas e, a partir delas, ofrécese unha aproximación das principais motivacións que levaron os habitantes a escolleren eses nomes. Case a metade das formas toponímicas fan referencia á intervención humana (núcleos, edificacións, vías…); en segundo lugar, a oronimia, e despois a fitonimia e a hidronimia; un último grupo constitúeno os haxiotopónimos, que reflicten a importancia da relixión na sociedade. A toponimia ofrécenos, en definitiva, unha descrición das principais características físicas, urbanas e ata relixiosas que conformaron historicamente o país.
PALAVRAS COMPOSTAS DO TIPO VERBO + SUBSTANTIVO EM GALEGO, COMPARAÇÃO COM O PORTUGUÊS E O ESPANHOL
Authors: Szijj Ildikó
Published: February 2022

O objetivo deste artigo é estudar o inventário das palavras compostas do tipo verbo + substantivo (p. ex. port. arranha-céus) no galego, no português e no espanhol para averiguar com qual das duas línguas o galego apresenta maior semelhança. Como corpus foram utilizados dicionários monolingues das três línguas. O resultado da pesquisa é que há mais casos de coincidência com o espanhol. Existem diferenças semânticas entre o grupo dos elementos que coincidem com o espanhol e os que coincidem com o português.
ALFREDO GUISADO E A GALIZA: DE EL TEA A XENTE D’A ALDEA
Authors: Gebra Fernando de Moraes
Published: February 2022

O presente artigo centra-se nas relações dialógicas estabelecidas pela poética de Alfredo Pedro Guisado (1891-1975) com o emergente sistema literário galego, consolidado pelo grupo das Irmandades da Fala e pela Xeración Nós. Tomo como corpus de análise textos do autor publicados nos periódicos galegos El Tea e A Nosa Terra, laboratórios de criação do livro Xente d’Aldea (1921). Utilizo conceitos de dialogismo de Mikhail Bakhtin, segundo o qual todo enunciado responde a discursos anteriores, estabelecendo com eles relações vivas e tensas; bem como de sistema literário, presente em autores como Antonio Candido e Itamar Even-Zohar, que entendem a literatura como uma rede de elementos interdependentes. A partir dessa proposta metodológica, analiso três importantes aspectos da produção guisadiana, conectados entre si: o repertório rural-panteísta, tributário de Rosalía de Castro (1837-1885) e Teixeira de Pascoaes (1877-1952); a atuação no semanário agrarista e republicano El Tea como arena discursiva para uma poética de reivindicação dos trabalhadores rurais; as aproximações com os artistas galegos e a consequente construção do imaginário das relações de união entre Galiza e Portugal, na esteira da filosofia da Saudade de Teixeira de Pascoaes.
IMIGRAÇÃO E IMAGINAÇÃO: O BRASIL NA OBRA DE NEIRA VILAS
Authors: Jorge Thayane Gaspar
Published: February 2022

A forte presença de galegos fora do território da Galícia faz com que o fenômeno da imigração e suas implicações políticas, sociais e culturais ainda sejam assuntos frequentemente revisitados nos estudos galegos. Muitos desses estudos sobre emigração observam estereótipos galegos através de dados estatísticos, da literatura e de periódicos. Contudo pouco esforço foi conferido ao caminho contrário: qual é a presença do Brasil na literatura galega? Na obra de Xosé Neira Vilas pode-se observar algumas dessas representações sociais do Brasil, mais concretamente da cidade de Salvador de Bahia, pelos olhos imigrantes. Este artigo propõe o diálogo entre as atuais autoridades no assunto da diáspora e imigração galega como Ramón Villares, Antón Corbacho Quintela e Érica Sarmiento conjugados ao lado de teóricos das representações sociais e da análise do discurso como Denise Jodelet e Teun van Dijk.
Development and Verification of a Pipe Network Scale Model
Authors: Kim Dong Jun , Yu Da Hae , Choi Gyung Min , Lee Jung Ho
Published: February 2022

The main function of a water supply and storm sewer pipe network is to properly maintain planned flow rates, water pressure, and water depth within pipes. This can be simulated with a numerical analysis model. In general, model experiments are required to verify and correct the accuracy of numerical analysis models, but due to the nature of complex facilities, scale model experiments and related studies are very limited. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a kit capable of general-purpose scale model experiments for water and sewage networks, and verified the applicability of the developed model through simple experiments. A set of model experimental parts, including manhole parts, pipe connections, and venturi meters for pipe network implementation and measurement, was manufactured with a three-dimensional printer (Stratasys F170). The angle, height difference, and slope of the pipe could be adjusted. A pipe connection cap was developed to implement all commercial circular pipes with a diameter of 300 mm to 1,200 mm based on 1/50 scale. A transparent acrylic pipe was used. EPANET analysis indicated that the scale model experiment of the water supply network, with 13 manholes, 18 pipelines, and 5 venturi meters had a flow error of about 13% in the total pipeline and about 8% in the venturi meter measurement value. In addition, a scale model of the storm sewer pipe network was developed to determine the change in water depth according to the connection angle of the pipe. Results of simulations in FLUENT showed a similar trend in water depth change.
Analysis of Adaptation Measure Networks for Climate Disaster Management
Authors: Kim Na yoon , Park Chang Sug
Published: February 2022

This study analyzed the interconnectivity of climate change adaptation measures in the water management, health, and disaster sectors. A survey encompassing inputs from 94 experts was conducted for the analysis. Then a social network analysis was performed, based on the results of the survey, using Netminer 4.0. The findings confirmed that climate change adaptation measures in the water management, health and disaster sectors are interconnected. In addition, the results demonstrated that adaptation measures across these sectors are effective at addressing interconnected risks of climate change. Findings from this study have value as they can be used to prepare climate change adaptation measures that reflect climate risk. It is also significant that clusters of climate change adaptation measures have been derived from the results of this study.
Shape‐Mediated Magnetocrystalline Anisotropy and Relaxation Controls by Cobalt Ferrite Core–Shell Heterostructures for Magnetothermal Penetration Delivery
Authors: Chen Bo‐Wei , Hatamie Shadie , Chiu Hsin‐Cheng , Wei Zung‐Hang , Hu Shang‐Hsiu , Yao Da‐Jeng
Published: February 2022

Simultaneous delivery of therapeutic agents and energy by magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) at targeted sites can boost cancer therapy and alleviate side effects. To achieve this goal, however, the magnetic fluid hyperthermia (MFH) usually exhibits the unsufficient thermal efficiency due to their narrow magnetization curves. Besides, an inappropriately large administration concentration also causes health deterioration as shown in an animal model. In this study, the core–shell cube that enhances the coercivity and magnetization related to single‐compositional MNPs by elaborately tuning their interface relaxation via the magnetocrystalline and surface anisotropy is developed. Néel and Brownian relaxation can be adjusted by the particles’ structures to maximize the hyperthermia efficacy upon an alternating‐magnetic‐field (AMF). Furthermore, temozolomide and lactoferrin‐coated CoFe2O4@Fe3O4 core–shell cubes are rapidly internalized by targeting cancer cells and penetrate into tumor spheroids while subjecting to AMF. The targeted cubes with the capabilities of enhanced coercivity, AMF‐induced drug penetration into tumors, and magnetothermal ablation for cancer therapy display potentials for clinical uses.