bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Autoimmune Encephalitis Following COVID-19 Infection with Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mimicking Metachromatic Leukodystrophy in an Adolescent: A Case Report
Authors: Luthfi B Mohd , Lestari Rahmi , Syarif Iskandar
Published: September 2022

Neurological manifestations such as encephalitis, ataxia, headache, seizure, papilledema, and ophthalmoplegia have been reported in several pediatric Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) studies. There are multiple pathogeneses that may underlie the clinical manifestations. Herein, we reported a case of adolescent with clinical manifestation like encephalitis with positive Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS CoV-2) antibody, and suspected Metachromatic Leukodystrophy (MLD) in brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) finding. The patient did not respond to corticosteroid therapy but showed clinical improvement over intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) therapy. The possibility of COVID-19 infection in neurological disorders should be considered in pediatric patients.

Keywords: encephalitis, COVID-19, adolescent, IVIG
Physician Burnout at Georgetown Public Hospital (GPHC): The Hidden Health Worker Crisis
Authors: Singh Dr. Nirvanie , R. Sookraj Dr. Radha , Gittens Dr. Sabrina
Published: September 2022

Objective: This article reviews the prevalence and influencing factors of physician burnout.
Design & Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using a hard copy of the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) during April, 2021 at Georgetown Public Hospital Corporation. Participants included 250 physicians from 18 departments. Questionnaires were contested voluntarily and anonymously. The MBI items were rated on a Likert scale from 0 to 6. It access: emotional exhaustion (EE), depersonalization (DP), and personal accomplishment (PA), each dimension is classified into severe, moderate or low burnout. Data was analyzed using Microsoft Excel 2016 and SPSS statistics.
Results: The prevalence of burnout for each dimension was: 79.8% (n=138) for EE, 67% (n=116) for DP and 69.9% (n=121) for PA with an average score of 30 (0-52); 10.3 (0-57) and 34.9 (59-1) respectively. Contributing factors to burnout were: physicians working shift, female gender, single status and ages of 30-39.
Conclusions: The prevalence of burnout at GPHC was high. Contributing factors were working a shift system, attending to >20 patients daily, working >65 hours weekly and not partaking in recreational activities.
Recommendation: Implementing measures to combat burnout is paramount to maintain physician’s health. Provision of areas for recreational activities, a food court with healthy food options, providing psychologists/counsellors for physicians in each department and wellness activities can be beneficial in the future.

Keywords: Burnout; Maslach burnout inventory; Physician burnout, GPHC
Effect of Remuneration and Achievement Motivation on Lecturer Performance in the Management Department, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Pattimura, Ambon City
Authors: Leuhery Ferdy , Nahumury Henriyeta
Published: September 2022

The research objective is to analyze effect of remuneration and achievement motivation on lecturer performance in the Management Department, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Pattimura, Ambon City. The type of approach that the researcher uses is a quantitative descriptive analysis approach with explanatory research. The population in this study are lecturers who active in the Management Department, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Pattimura, Ambon City, amounting to 37 people. Determination of the number of samples used by the author in this study is based on the Slovin method as a measuring tool to calculate sample size because the number of known population is more than 37 respondents, so the author only takes a sample with the number of employees, which is 33 lecturers in the Management Department, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Pattimura, Ambon City. The test in this study uses multiple linear regression analysis. The results of the study show that remuneration has a positive and significant effect on lecturer performance in the Management Department, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Pattimura, Ambon City. Achievement motivation has a positive and significant effect on lecturer performance in the Management Department, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Pattimura, Ambon City.

Keywords: Remuneration, Achievement, Motivation, Performance, Lecturer
KONSEP TOLERANSI MENURUT QURAISH SHIHAB PADA SURAH AL-KAFIRUN
Authors: PRASASTIA AMNESTI MUHAMMAD ESA , Budi Setio
Published: September 2022

Tulisan ini memaparkan batasan-batasan agama dalam Islam, khususnya masalah toleransi. Hal ini didasarkan pada kenyataan bahwa banyak umat Islam yang tidak mengetahui sejauh mana batas toleransi yang diperbolehkan dalam Islam. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menemukan konsep toleransi sesuai petunjuk Al-Qur'an dalam surat al-Kafirun. Dengan menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan menggunakan data kepustakaan, hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konsep toleransi yang ditawarkan dalam Surat al-Kafirun hanya sebatas penerimaan dan penghargaan terhadap pandangan pihak lain, tanpa harus mengorbankan agama. Sedangkan makna toleransi dalam surah al-Kafirun menurut Quraish Shihab lebih pada makna kompromi.
MENILIK FATWA MAJELIS ULAMA INDONESIA (MUI) NO. 4 TAHUN 2005 TENTANG ABORSI DALAM KACAMATA ISTINBAT HUKUM ISLAM
Authors: Rizal Faisol
Published: September 2022

Perkembangan praktik aborsi ilegal dalam masyarakat berakibat pada timbulnya asumsi masyarakat bahwa aborsi merupakan hal negatif yang mayoritas pelakunya berperilaku negatif seperti perzinahan. Majelis Ulama Indonesia (MUI) sebagai lembaga pencetus fatwa keagamaan di Indonesia turut berkontribusi dalam mengatur fenomena masyarakat tersebut dengan dikeluarkannya fatwa MUI Nomor 4 Tahun 2005 tentang Aborsi.Sepanjang perjalanan fatwa tersebut mendapat apresiasi sosial baik yang pro maupun kontra.
STUDI HUKUM KELUARGA ISLAM DI AFGHANISTAN
Authors: Rachmatulloh Mochammad Agus , Faridah Dewi , Hidayati Nurul , Jannah Choirotul , Ansory Royanis
Published: September 2022

Abstrak: Artikel ini menguraikan tentang perkembangan hukum keluarga Islam di negara Afghanistan  mulai dari mahar, perkawinan anak, poligami sampai perceraian, serta tipologi dalam pembaharuannya. Dalam praktik kehidupan berbagsa dan bernegara seiring dengan perkembangan zaman, tempat, waktu dan kondisi perkembangan dan pembaharuan hukum keluarga Islam selalu dibutuhkan, walaupun sebenarnya hukum keluarga Islam sendiri telah diatur dalam syari’at Islam. Menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode dokumen dan Fokus Grup Diskusi (FGD). Adapun rumusan masalah yaitu: Bagaimana perkembangan hukum keluarga Islam di Afghanistan? Bagaimana tipologi pembaharuan hukum keluarga Islam di Afghanistan? Adanya perkembangan hukum keluarga Islam terutama terkait  mahar, perkawinan anak, poligami dan perceraian. Tipologi pembaharuannya menggunakan tipe adaptif unifikasi madzhab dan progresif unifikasi yang berarti bahwa negara Afghanistan menyatukan hukum fiqh, hukum sipil dan madzhab.
KONSTRUKSI EPISTEMOLOGI PENDIDIKAN ANAK PRENATAL MENURUT ISLAM
Authors: Rahmah Faizah Nur , Umam Khoirul
Published: September 2022

Prenatal education has been developed by many Western scientists who are oriented to the development of physical qualities and intellectual intelligence. In fact, in Islam, prenatal education has also been recognized with a broader orientation to reach children's mental and spiritual problems. The research problem focuses on: First, how does Islamic education conceptualize prenatal child education? Second, how is the epistemological construction of prenatal education in Islam? The method used is qualitative by utilizing library documents as a source of data. The approach used is descriptive-analytical. The conclusions in this study are: First, prenatal education has strong religious roots and foundations. The materials, methods, and goals of prenatal education in Islam have a different character from what exists in the Western world. Second, the epistemological construction of prenatal education in Islam is based on and sourced from transcendental texts (al-Qur'an and Hadith). Prenatal education according to Islam is essentially an education of the natural potential inherent in children from the beginning of their lives. In addition, the measure of truth in the education of prenatal children is observed to be in accordance with three theories of truth in philosophy, namely correspondence, coherence, and pragmatism.
PROBLEMATIKA PESERTA DIDIK DAERAH TERPENCIL DI ERA REVOLUSI DIGITAL DAN SOLUSINYA MENURUT PERSPEKTIF AGAMA ISLAM
Authors: Cholifah Cholifah , Muhid Abdul
Published: September 2022

This article explains how the problems of students living in remote areas live with many obstacles in this era of the digital revolution. The education gap between rural and urban areas can be observed based on schools in urban areas that have adequate facilities and also have competent teachers. In this era of digital revolution, various problems arise which are the impact of the progress of the times, especially in the field of education. The method used in this study is literature review where this method is carried out by collecting information related to remote area students in the era of the digital revolution through various journals and books. The information that has been obtained is then analyzed and drawn into a conclusion. This article also discusses how to solve the various problems faced by students in remote areas in the era of the digital revolution from the Islamic perspective, including: Students who are in remote areas to always try to update their knowledge and insights despite various circumstances and conditions. obstacles must be overcome (QS. Ar-Ra'd (13): 11) and all Muslims everywhere are required to be individuals who are able to master and excel in science and even technology as a means in a better life for the happiness of the world until the hereafter (QS. Al-Isra (17): 36).
IMPLEMENTASI PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER OLEH KOMUNITAS MUSLIMAT DALAM MENANGGANI KENAKALAN REMAJA DI KABUPATEN BENGKULU TENGAH
Authors: Mursalin Supardi , Hamdan Hamdan
Published: September 2022

This study describes the implementation of character education in the Muslimat community in handling juvenile delinquency holistically. Juvenile delinquency is a problem that often arises in society. When a teenager fails to find his identity, he will experience an identity crisis, often leading to deviant behavior. This field research uses interview and documentation techniques in the data collection process. While the analysis technique used is descriptive. After conducting an in-depth study, it was concluded that character education has a very significant role in the Muslimat Community in dealing with juvenile delinquency in Central Bengkulu Regency. The form of character education implemented by Kumintas Muslimat is as an ustadazh or educator who gives attention and affection, sets a good example, and instills discipline, as a group guide by providing religious education and encouraging teenagers to fill their free time with positive activities. Meanwhile, the obstacles that arise when implementing character education are the lack of public understanding of Muslim organizations, which results in a lack of appreciation for these institutions, obstacles from families who do not care about children/family members, and the lack of role of educational institutions to motivate teenagers/students. to maintain positive values ??in their social life.
EFEKTIVITAS PEMBELAJARAN DARING BERBANTUKAN APLIKASI ZOOM MEETING UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA SEKOLAH DASAR MASA PANDEMI COVID-19
Authors: Septantiningtyas Niken , Astutik Siami Fitri , Mushfi El Iq Bali Muhammad Mushfi El Iq
Published: September 2022

Abstract: The purpose of this study is to describe the effectiveness of online learning using zoom meetings on student learning outcomes. The research population is all fourth grade students of MI Mambaul Ulum Paiton Probolinggo who use zoom meetings during learning activities. The sample of this research is the fourth grade students of MI Mambaul Ulum Paiton Probolinggo as many as 33 students using simple random sampling technique. Data collection techniques in this study include field studies, observations, interviews, and questionnaires. The data collection instrument used a questionnaire containing the types of closed, semi-closed, and open-ended questions. Data analysis using computerized descriptive statistics. The results of the study revealed that the media platform used in online learning was dominated by the Zoom Meeting application (56.2%). During online learning, students experience physical complaints such as eye irritation (32.8%), while psychological complaints experienced by students are that they feel they are not really studying (37.2%). Furthermore, the online learning methods that students prefer include learning videos (35.1%) and quizzes (28.8%). Constraints experienced by students include unstable internet network (41.4%), limited quota pulses (26.5%), split learning concentration (13.3%), and piling assignments (17.6%). The accumulation of these data concluded that the assessment of the effectiveness of online learning experienced by students in detail was known with the criteria of very effective (14.6%), effective (58.7%), moderately effective (24.5%), and ineffective (2, 2%).
PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA EVALUASI PEMBELAJARAN BERBASIS GAME INTERNET EDUCANDY SEBAGAI SARANA PEMBELAJARAN DARING
Authors: Mufid Miftahul , Utsman Ahmad Farid
Published: September 2022

In the era of the pandemic, schools are required to carry out online learning. This resulted in the development of an online-based Arabic learning evaluation to be made. The purpose of this research is to develop an online-based learning evaluation media using the educandy platform and test it on class X MA Sunatunnut Senori Tuban students. This research uses the Borg and Gall R&D method. The research shows the results that the average score from the aspects of usability, display, interactive and learning shows the results of 3.25% this value is in the good category so it can be concluded that this Arabic learning evaluation media can be used as online media and is able to provide benefits. to class X MA Sunatunnur Senori Tuban as an independent learning medium.
Efektivitas Metode Amtsilati Dalam Meningkatkan Kemampuan Santri Membaca Kitab Kuning Di Pondok Pesantren PPAI Annahdliyah Karangploso Malang
Authors: Salsabilla Sharvina , Karima Nur , Nur Azizah Layli
Published: September 2022

Abstract: Effectiveness is a condition that shows how far the plan can be achieved. The more plans that can be achieved, the more effective these activities are, so that the word effectiveness can also be interpreted as the level of success that can be achieved from a particular way or effort in accordance with the objectives to be achieved.
This research was conducted with the aim of: 1) knowing the learning of the yellow book using themethod amtsilati in PPAI Annahdliyah Karangploso Islamic Boarding School Malang. 2) knowing the application of themethod amtsilati in improving the ability of students to read the yellow book at PPAI Annahdliyah Karangploso Islamic Boarding School in Malang. 3) find out the Effectiveness of theMethod Amtsilati for Improving the Ability of Santri to Read the Yellow Book at PPAI Annahdliyah Karangploso Islamic Boarding School in Malang.
The results showed that: 1) the learning of the yellow book using themethod amtsilati in PPAI Annahdliyah Islamic Boarding School was divided into 3 times, namely the Fajr Ba'da with rote learning material, the second Asr Ba'da with the delivery of material and understanding, and the third was Ba'da evening with understanding and evaluation by quiz or so on as a form of understanding of students. 2) the application of themethod amtsilati in the learning of the yellow book uses the classical learning model, which is proven to be effective even though it is classified into groups of volumes, but this model remains focused on the abilities and individual students. 3) the effectiveness of themethod Amtsilati is a clear system, has a clear basic concept, teaching model, and material and makes it easy for students to understand it. In addition learning outcomes using this method are also very influential is if the previous average was 66.07 but after using this method it increased to 84.38.
ANALISIS PERTIMBANGAN AGAMA DALAM HUKUM PERGANTIAN KELAMIN
Authors: Tsalis Khodijah Nur , Yulianingrum Aullia Vivi
Published: September 2022

Allah SWT created humans in two types: male and female. But sometimes, in the process of fetal growth in the stomach of pregnant women, things can happen that can interfere with fetal development and cause the fetus to be born in a state that looks like it has multiple sexes, or in medical terms, it is called Ambiguous Genitalia. As health technology advances, a person born with this condition can make repairs or refinements to his genitals after a series of medical examinations are carried out to determine which sex can be perfectly owned according to his biological and psychological conditions. In Indonesia, several similar cases led to changes in gender and names in population data. This can be done after there is a decision from the local District Court that ratifies and justifies the genital surgery that has been carried out. In the absence of a law that regulates the regulation of sex change, the judge is obliged to explore and understand the legal, customary, and religious values of the applicant. So to what extent do judges use religious considerations in deciding the application submitted in the case of sex change? This type of research is called library research because it uses library materials as the main data source. The results of this study indicate that although there is no specific law governing the regulation of sex change, judges are still obliged to make decisions by following the values and legal norms that apply in society. The judges of the Kediri and Banyumas District Courts have handled sex change cases committed by someone who was born with ambiguous genitalia. In granting the petition, the two judges, in addition to using legal and medical considerations, also used religious considerations, but in different petitions or petitions. The judge of the Banyumas District Court, in confirming or denying the purpose of the sex surgery, carried out religious considerations by quoting the MUI Fatwa. Meanwhile, the Judge of the Kediri District Court carried out religious considerations in the application for a name change by quoting the hadith of the Prophet Muhammad.
SERTIFIKASI DAN PENGELOLAAN TANAH WAKAF DI KECAMATAN GUNUANG OMEH KABUPATEN LIMAPULUH KOTA PROVINSI SUMATERA BARAT
Authors: Dasrianto Vito
Published: September 2022

The certification and management of waqf land was written based on the results of research in the field, namely in Kecamatan Gunang Omeh, Limapuluh Kota, West Sumatra. Bbased on the number of waqf lands used to support the public interest and welfare of the people, so the central function of waqf land in the area. All of the waqf lands should be recorded neatly and the archives can be found at the local Religious Affairs Office as a whole, in this case all the waqf lands should have been recorded and certified for better management, while things like that have not been realized as desired so that In the future, the waqf land will be more productive than the previous one and will no longer cause problems, both in terms of the person who gave the waqf and the Nazir as the manager of the waqf land. So that the management of waqf land is in accordance with the waqf pledge and the waqf land runs according to its function.
PEMBERIAN WARISAN PADA SALAH SATU AHLI WARIS
Authors: Salim Agus
Published: September 2022

The flow of globalization not only affects people's attitudes, but also affects the development of science, technology development, and also affects changes in the social values ??of society. The value system referred to here is, in the past, in classical times, many people had a tendency to fight over inheritance, now the more prosperous people are, changing that perception. Some people today actually give inheritance to be waqf or even given to heirs who take care of their parents because the heirs who take care of their parents need it more or they find it more difficult to take care of their parents, so that in the view of other heirs, the heirs who care for Parents are more entitled to all inheritance. Giving inheritance to heirs who take care of parents seems contrary to the provisions of the Qur'anic verse which stipulates that inheritance must be divided according to the division determined by the Qur'an or determined by hadith. In this study, the researcher tries to re-examine the interpretation of the Qur'anic verses about inheritance verses by using a normative descriptive methodology and using a hermeneutic approach as a model of interpretation. This research is expected to be able to contribute to the thoughts of Islamic law which continue to experience changes both in the pattern of goals and or socioculture, especially the law that discusses al Mu'amalah al Insaniah.
PERUMUSAN KONSEP PENYATUAN KALENDER MADZHAB ULIL AMRI PERSEPEKTIF SYAR’I DAN ASTRONOMI
Authors: Nurkhanif Muhammad
Published: September 2022

In determining the concept of the Islamic calendar, it can be traced through the concepts it offers regarding the determination of the beginning of the day, the number of days each month, and the determination of the beginning of the month. The start of the day begins with the setting of the sun, the number of days each month is not fixed or constant but depends on the actual position of the new moon at the end of a month. This research is a literature review based on a descriptive analytical critique approach. The results of this study indicate that there is a need for the MUA Madzhab "madzhab ulil Amri" as a name that has become a trend that is standard as a government benchmark in determining the beginning of the lunar month.
KONSEP ALQUR’AN TENTANG ARTI FEMINIM DALAM PERSAKSIAN
Authors: Budi Setio , Muchlisin Muchlisin
Published: September 2022

Abstrak: Penelitian ini akan mendeskripsikan konsep feminisme dalam masalah kesaksian dalam Al-Qur'an 2:1, kaum feminis menentang kesaksian 2:1 dalam Al-Qur'an sebagai bentuk diskriminasi terhadap perempuan. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui konsep feminisme dari permasalahan saksi 2:1 sekaligus kritik terhadap feminisme, dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif yaitu penelitian kepustakaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konsep saksi dua lawan satu dalam al-Qur'an merupakan konsep qot'i dan tidak dapat diubah. Hal ini didasarkan pada agama yang diturunkan, yaitu Al-Qur'an. Sementara konsep feminisme yang dikandung di Barat sendiri merupakan produk budaya, pendapat saksi 2:1 feminisme sangat diskriminatif, karena sejak awal penciptaan manusia, Al-Qur'an sangat memuliakan perempuan.
KECERDASAN NABI YUSUF DALAM AL-QURAN PERSPEKTIF TAFSIR MAQASIDI IBNU 'ASHUR
Authors: Nahdati Qurrotu A'yunina , Amrulloh Amrulloh
Published: September 2022

Abstrak: Kecerdasan merupakan potensi akal yang dianugerahkan Allah SWT yang kemudian dikaji secara mendalam oleh para peneliti barat sejak 1905 oleh Alferd Binet hingga masuk abad 21 oleh Zohar dan Marshall. Upaya tersebut menghasilka kajian mengenai kecerdasan manusia dapat diklasifikasikan menjadi tiga bagian penting yaitu: (1)kecerdasan intelektual, (2)kecerdasan emosional, (3)kecerdasan spiritual. Kajian maqâ?id al-qur’ân yang membawa visi misi merealisasikan kemaslahatan manusia, digunakan sebagai media menelaah kemapanan tiga aspek kecerdasan manusia dalam al-Quran, yang dalam hal ini direpresentasikan oleh tokoh ideal yang diceritakan oleh al-Quran yaitu sosok Nabi Yusuf as. Penelitian ini tergolong jenis library research dengan menggunakan pengumpulan data secara deskriptif analitik. Sedangkan metode penafsiran tafsir tematik dan bercorak maqâ?idî ini menggunakan Tafsîr Maqâsidî Ibnu ‘Âshûr yaitu sebuah kitab berjudul Tafsîr al-Tahrîr wa al-Tanwîr yang merupakan mahakarya seorang ulama kontemporer abad 20 yang memaparkan metode khusus dalam mengungkap maqâ?idî al-qur’ân sehingga hasil penelitian menunjukkan sejumlah 20 ayat dalam Surah Yusuf menginterpretasikan kesempurnaan kecerdasan Nabi Yusuf dengan perincian, (1) kecerdasan intelektual terdiri dari 10 ayat, (2)kecerdasan emosional terdiri dari 5 ayat, (3)kecerdasan spiritual terdiri dari 10 ayat. Dan keseluruhannya terdapat dalam Surah Yusuf.
AMAR MA’RÛF NAHÎ MUNKAR PERSEKTIF TAFSÎR IBNU KATSÎR DAN TAFSÎR AL-MUNÎR
Authors: Varidah Luthva
Published: September 2022

Amar ma’rûf nahî munkar memegang fungsi penting agama sebagai kontrol sosial. Dengan amar ma’rûf nahî munkar akan menjadi tegaknya pilar-pilar akhlaq yang mulia dan agung.

Rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini: (1) Bagaimana amar ma’rûf nahî munkar menurut Ibnu Katsîr? (2) Bagaimana amar ma’rûf nahî munkar menurut Wahbah Zuhaili? (3) Bagaimana komparasi penafsiran Ibnu Katsîr dan Wahbah Zuhaili tentang amar ma’rûf nahî munkar ?

Jenis penelitian menggunakan metode kepustakaan dengan metode deskiptif analitis. Teknik pengumpulan data: Mengindentifikasi ayat, lalu menelusuri pendapat-pendapat ulama terkait amar ma’rûf nahî munkar, kemudian mencari penafsiran, kemudian menarik kesimpulan. Menggunakan pendekatan tafsir komparatif.

Amar ma’rûf nahî munkar menurut Ibnu Katsîr adalah menyeru kepada kebaikan dan mencegah dari kemungkaran. amar ma’rûf nahî munkar menurut Wahbah Zuhaili adalah menyeru diri sendiri dan orang lain untuk melaksanakan amalan-amalan yang dinilai baik oleh syara', akhlaq, akal dan maslahat umum.

Amar ma’rûf nahî munkar merupakan kewajiban yang harus kita laksanakan. Karena dalam amar ma’rûf nahî munkar terdapat cita-cita mulia, yaitu terwujudnya persatuan dan juga kemaslahatan umat.
AMANAH DALAM AL-QUR’AN KAJIAN TEMATIK DALAM TAFSIR AL-AZHAR
Authors: Mulyana Yana , Sholihin M.
Published: September 2022

Tuhan menciptakan dan menghidupkan kembali manusia di dunia ini, tentunya hanya untuk beribadah kepada-Nya. Allah memberikan segala fasilitas yang lengkap untuk menunjang kewajiban manusia. Di sisi lain, Allah juga memberikan amanat yang harus dijalankan oleh hamba-hamba-Nya. Amanah itu banyak variannya, ada amanah yang datangnya dari Tuhan, ada amanah yang datang dari sesama manusia dan masih banyak lagi amanah lainnya. Tentunya apapun bentuk amanah dari siapapun amanah yang dibebankan, kita harus siap untuk selalu menjaganya.
Buya Hamka merupakan salah satu tokoh pada masanya yang berhasil memunculkan tafsir yang disebut Tafsir Al-Azar. Tafsir ini menjelaskan latar belakang kehidupan penafsir secara lugas. Hal tersebut memanifestasikan karakter masyarakat dan sosial budaya yang terjadi pada saat itu. Selama 20 tahun, tulisan-tulisannya mampu merekam kehidupan dan sejarah sosial politik masyarakat tergigit dan menunjukkan aspirasinya untuk mengangkat pentingnya dakwah di nusantara.
Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian dengan jenis penelitian kepustakaan (library research) dan menggunakan sumber data dalam rangka penyempurnaan kajian ilmiah. Dalam menggunakan analisis data, deskripsi analitis dapat digunakan.
MULTIDIMENSIONAL POVERTY DISPARITY IN PAKISTAN
Authors:   School of Economics, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan., Rehmat Sania , Idrees Muhammad ,   Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
Published: September 2022

It is argued that poverty is more than lack of income and consumption. In other words, unidimensional approach is not able to present true picture of deprivation. As the poor person can be deprived from education, good health, nutritious food and clean drinking water. Therefore, this study aimed to determine multidimensional poverty in Pakistan at provincial, regional level for all available surveys of Pakistan Social and living standard (PSLM). This study covered three dimensions’ education, health and living standard along with nine sub-dimensions. The present study used Alkire foster methodology with different cutoff for rural and urban regions. The result revealed that Pakistan multidimensional poverty index (MPI) in 2004-05 is 0.16 which is slightly decreased to 0.12 in 2019-20. In the same way, head count index showed a little decline of 1 percent i.e. 49% in 2004-05 to 48% in 2019-20. Similarly, intensity of poverty declined from 33% in 2004-05 to 31% in 2019-20. The empirical analysis showed little improvement in health, education and living condition over the past sixteen years. Further, multidimensional poverty remains higher in rural areas than urban areas. This study identified that the most deprived province is Balochistan among all provinces. From policy perspective government officials can alleviate poverty by providing education and employment opportunities. As it is the basic condition of millennium and sustainable development goals (MDG’s) to give basic needs of life such as food, shelter and education. Keywords: Multidimensional Poverty, Health, Education, Living Standard. JEL classification: I1, I2, I3
INFLUENCE OF GUJARI ON LEARNING OF ENGLISH LEXEMES: THE SEMANTIC AND CONCEPTUAL PERSPECTIVE
Authors:   Department of English, Foundation University, Islamabad Pakistan, Ahmed Farooq , Amin Rooh Ul ,   Department of English, Foundation University, Islamabad Pakistan
Published: September 2022

The purpose of this study is to determine whether or not Gujari learners tend to make a connection between L2 forms and their L1 equivalents. They accomplish this by transmitting all semantic and conceptual knowledge from L1 to L2. This trend can be observed even when L2 lexemes share a single L1 translation. Consequently, second language learners may demonstrate usages distinct from those of native speakers and/or be less capable of discerning the nuances of word pairs that share the same L1 translation. For example, the word pairs ‘give’ and ‘donation’ are translated into deo (دیو) in Gujari and the Gujari learners are liable to commit an error and use the word pairs interchangeably. The present study investigates the influence of Gujari on learning English lexemes by using group-guided conversation. Five-word pairs are used in the context of education to know the semantic and conceptual influence of an already learned language. The results which were validated by the retrospective process show that Gujari learners have a poor understanding of English word pairs and they were found using them interchangeably and mapping the already learned concepts in their native Gujari equivalent(s). They tend to transfer the already learned concepts in a single lexeme into English word pairs that have distinctive concepts and different nuances of meanings for the native speakers as in the aforementioned example of ‘give’ and ‘donation’ both having one Gujari equivalent which is ‘deo’ (دیو) and this word ‘deo’ was found encompassing two distinctive concepts of English word pairs ‘give’ and 'donation’. Keywords: Gujari, Lexical influence, Conceptual restructuring, Word pairs, Lexemes, Gujari
PRODUCT PLACEMENT IN THE PAKISTANI ENTERTAINMENT INDUSTRY
Authors:   School of Social Sciences Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, Islamabad Pakistan, Butt Fizzah Khalid
Published: September 2022

Product placement is a marketing tool that uses an unconventional way of promoting the products and brands in the entertainment setup, be it movies, dramas, or other creative content. The objective of the study is to see if the viewers register product placement and evoke any emotions in the viewers. The study uses qualitative research using interviews as a research method and thematic analysis technique to analyze the data. The population of the study is working women who watch dramas and movies as a pass time or as a means of entertainment. The study reflects that viewers register the product placement but aren’t happy with the directedness and repetition of the products and brands and prefer subtlety. The study will help the practitioners understand the primary viewers’ mindset, i.e., women, about the content and how they can plan the product placement aligned with the context to increase brand awareness and purchase intention. Keywords: Product Placement, Pakistani Dramas and films, advertisement, Influencer.
WAR AND REGIME SURVIVAL: A CASE STUDY OF THE AFGHAN WAR OF 1980S
Authors:   Department of Political Science and International Relation, University of Central Punjab, Lahore Pakistan, Khan Waheed Ahmad , Askari Muhammad Usman ,   Department of Political Science and International Relation, University of Central Punjab, Lahore Pakistan
Published: September 2022

In traditional terms when we talk about a link between war and regime survival, we find ourselves in the realm of domestic politics. It is well documented that the leaders use diversionary force to exploit the domestic audience. However, in this study, we argue that, depending on their level of dependence on the external sources of power, leaders may also use force to impress upon the external audience to extract moral and material support for the survival of their regimes. Here, we find strong evidence of a link between domestic and external factors in the context of the superpowers and their clients. In other words, we emphasize the dynamics of in-group/out-group hypothesis of the diversionary use of force to the alliance behavior of the superpowers and their clients. Keywords: Legitimacy, Pattern-Client Relationship, Alliances, Superpower, Cold War, Third World.
ROLE OF ELECTRONIC MEDIA IN THE REVIVAL OF DEMOCRACY IN PAKISTAN IN THE FIRST DECADE OF THE 21ST CENTURY
Authors:   FG College Rawalpindi Pakistan, Sangi Saima Naz , Baloch Jamshed Ali ,   Department of Political Science, University of Sindh, Jamshoro Pakistan, Ghumro Ali Khan ,   Department of International Relations University of Sindh, Jamshoro Pakistan
Published: September 2022

Electronic media has revolutionized the nook and corner of the world, either political challenges, economic issues or social impediments; electronic media become a yard stick to make accountable to the political institution which enhance democratic dispensation in the country; it is torch bearer for the deprived and common people. Not only this; electronic media has provided awareness to common peoples regarding their fundamental political, economic and social rights. Since third world countries are engulfed with political crisis due to lack of education and leadership that makes democratic process week. Pakistan since its inception has been facing such problems. In the globalized world electronic media has provided opportunity to the suppressed classes and enhance inept political systems to reform and strengthen democratic process. The focus of this research is to highlight the role of electronic media for the enhancement of democracy in Pakistan. Electronic media has highlighted the issues of corruption of the political parties in Pakistan it has helped the judicial activism in the country against the dictatorial regime of General Pervaiz Musharraf Key words: Electronic Media, Democracy, Pakistan’s Political Scenario
First Principle Calculation: Effect of Doped Gold Clusters with Platinum Atom on Chemical Catalysis
Authors: Benkrima Yamina , Souigat Abdelkader , Elbar Soudani Mohammed , Eddine Bougoffa Mohammed Seyf , Korichi Zineb
Published: September 2022

In this paper, we present a systematic computational study based on the density function theory (DFT), Which aims to shed light on the potential effects of doped gold Au clusters with a platinum Pt atom,and finding the new structural and electronic properties that will be enjoyed by gold doped with platinum PtAun (n = 1-9) clusters, So that the most stable clusters are selected from the rest of the isomers for each cluster size. We doped Aun clusters with Pt atom, we obtained very interesting results, Stable and most stable structures reveal three-dimensional structures starting from (n=6), Also, the results of the fragmentation energy and the second difference in binding energy of these clusters in relation to their size have been studied in depth. The electronic properties, such as the Homo-Lumo gap energy, Vertical ionization potential (VIP) and adiabatic ionization potential (AIP) as a function of cluster size are also studied and discussed. All properties calculated by the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) were compared with the results of the local density approximation (LDA). Whereas, the results showed that the Aun clusters doped with Pt atom changed significantly.
Determination of Molnupiravir by Extractive Colorimetric Method from Pharmaceutical Dosage Form
Authors: Rele Rajan V. , Tiwatane Prathamesh P.
Published: September 2022

Simple and accurate extractive colorimetric method was developed for the estimation of molnupiravir in Pharmaceutical dosage forms. The method was based on the formation of colored ion pair complexes by the drugs with thiocynate ions. These ion pair complexes were quantitatively extracted under the experimental condition in organic solvent like chloroform. The absorbance values were measured at 620 respectively. The proposed method was validated statistically. A recovery of method was carried out by standard addition methods. The Beer’s law ranges were found to be 1-14 μg/ml, respectively. The low values of standard deviation and percentage RSD indicate high precision of method. Hence the method is useful for routine estimation of molnupiravir in tablets respectively.
Estimation and Validation of Bilastine in Pharmaceutical Dosage Form and in Bulk Drug by Spectrophotometric Method
Authors: Jahan Afnaz , Khaleel Mohamed , Fathima Husnain
Published: September 2022

A simple, sensitive, accurate, rapid and economical Spectrophotometric method was developed for estimation and validation of Bilastine in pure drug and tablet dosage form. The absorbance was measured at 226.2nm using Methanol as solvent system. It obeyed Beer’s law at the concentration range of 2-12µg/ml with coefficient of correlation (r2) of 0.9993. Limit of detection (LOD) was found to be 1.224µg/ml and Limit of quantitation (LOQ) was found to be 4.088µg/ml. The proposed analytical method was validated according to ICH guidelines, yielded good results concerning range, linearity, precision, accuracy, robustness and ruggedness.
Heterocyclic system containing bridgehead nitrogen atom: Substituted 1,2,3-Triazolo [3,4-b]-1,3,4-Thiadiazole derivative useful for the treatment of breast cancer and other diseases
Authors: Kishor Sonawane Rushikesh , Ravindra Nere Karishma , Krishna Mohite Shrinivas
Published: September 2022

There has been considerable interest in the development of novel compounds with anticonvulsant, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antimycobecterial, antitumour, and antitubercular activities. 1,3,4-thiadiazole constitute an important class of compound for new drug development. They have interesting pharmacophore that display a broad spectrum of Pharmacological activity. The 1,3,4-thiadiazole compound is an interesting heterocycling group that has been used to synthesize a variety of useful bioactive compounds. The stability of thiadiazole nucleus has inspired medicinal chemist to carry out various structural variation in the ring. The marketed drugs such as acetazolamide and methazolamide etc showed their therapeutic potential Therefore; many researchers have synthesized these compounds as target structures and evaluated their biological activities. This review highlights the various Pharmacological activities associated with 1,3,4-thiadiazole ring system.
Simple Extractive Spectrophotometric Method for Determination of Favipiravir from Pharmaceutical Formulation
Authors: Rele Rajan V. , Tiwatane Prathamesh P.
Published: September 2022

Simple sensitive and accurate extractive spectrophotometric methods have developed for the estimation of favipiravir in pharmaceutical dosage form. The methods are based on the formation of coloured complexes by the drug with reagents like bromophenol blue, solochrome dark blue and bromocresol green in acidic medium. The ion associated complexes were formed and quantitatively extracted under the experimental condition in chloroform. The absorbance values were measured at 420nm, 495nm and 430nm respectively. The proposed methods were validated statistically. Recoveries of methods were carried out by standard addition methods. The linearity was found to be 1.0-12.0μg/ml, 2-20μg/ml, 1-16μg/ml for methods 1, 2 and 3 respectively. The low values of standard deviation and percentage RSD indicate high precision of methods. Hence these methods are useful for routine estimation of favipiravir in tablets.
Quality by Design (QbD) concept Review in Pharmaceuticals
Authors: Jagtap Kaustubh , Chaudhari Bharati , Redasani Vivekkumar
Published: September 2022

Quality by Design (QbD) refers to a holistic approach towards drug development. Quality by design is a vital part of the modern approach to pharmaceutical quality. The purpose of this practice school topic is to discuss the pharmaceutical Quality by Design (QbD) and illustrate how it can be used to ensure pharmaceutical quality. The QbD is a systemic approach to pharmaceutical development. It means designing and developing formulations and manufacturing processes to ensure predefined product quality. Some of the QbD elements include: Defining Quality target product profile, identifying critical quality attributes, link the drug excipients attributes, establishing design space, control strategy, critical process parameters and product life cycle management. Using QbD, pharmaceutical quality is assured by understanding and controlling formulation and manufacturing variables. A new approach to drug development could increase efficiencies, provide regulatory support and flexibility, and offer important business benefits throughout the product’s life cycle. This PS topic explores the processes used in developing a market formulation and required supportive data, particularly in light of the industry’s current movement toward submissions based on QbD. The work also facilitates the adoption and implementation of QbD. Principles in the development of pharmaceutical industries. Successful implementation of QbD concepts requires cooperation across a multitude of company teams, from R&D to manufacturing to quality control and regulatory affairs. This is necessary to ensure that QbD concepts are incorporated not only when the first activities are initiated around a product’s design but also during the design of the process used to make the product and other activities associated with a product’s life cycle. The application of the concept of quality by design (QbD) presented in this paper aligns with the principles of ICH Q8, Q9 and Q10 guidelines.
Ambiente e Salute News - n.14 marzo-aprile 2022
Authors: Toffol Giacomo , Biolchini Angela , Bonsembiante Luisa , Briscioli Vinceza , Brusadin Laura , Bulgarelli Sabrina , Caneva Elena , Mariotti Ilaria , Marolla Federico , Nova Aurelio , Pasinato Angela , Primavera Giuseppe , Reali Laura , Sapuppo Annamaria , Todesco Laura , Uga Elena , Valori Anna , Zanino Luisella
Published: September 2022

Environment and health As we write, a winter with little rainfall and spring with above-average temperatures have just ended. We are experiencing climate change and have to manage and mitigate the effect of the scarcity of water resources. This does not only affect farmers or growers and ranchers but all of us because the water shortage translates into a reduction in crops. The dissociation between public health policies and climate action, which results in millions of avoidable adverse outcomes and deaths every year is worrying. But maybe something is moving: the Ministry's Ecological Transition Plan proposal published in August 2021 for the first time reports the health benefits of climate action and calls for a health approach in all policies. The importance of soil remediation from toxic substances still highlights the difficulty and complexity of the problem, but also the importance for human health of adequate remediation and control systems. The presence of green spaces in schools and urban areas is confirmed as a winning choice for the children’s health as the indications not using electronic devices in the first 1000 days. This issue summarizes the main articles published in the monitored journals, which allows us to deepen these issues. All articles and editorials deemed worthy of attention are listed divided by topic, with a concise comment. This number is based on the systematic review of the March and April 2022 publications.
Fattori di rischio per infezione grave da SARS-CoV-2 nei bambini: i dati in era prevaccinale di un anno di epidemia confermano che i bambini che si ammalano gravemente sono pochi e con comorbidità
Authors: Gruppo di lettura di Milano
Published: September 2022

Risk Factors for Severe SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Children: Data in the pre vaccinal era of one year of epidemic confirm that children who become seriously ill are few and comorbid The results of a population-based surveillance conducted in 250 pediatric acute-care U.S.A. hospitals, during March 2020–May 2021 are described. Rates and risk factors for severe COVID-19 among a group of 2,293 children primarily admitted for COVID-19 are defined. Approximately 30% of the hospitalized children had severe COVID-19 and 0.5% died during hospitalization. By means of a multivariate analysis the possible risks of severe COVID-19 were identified. Among children aged <2 years, chronic lung disease, neurologic disorders, cardiovascular disease, prematurity and airway abnormality were associated with severe COVID-19. Among children aged 2‒17 years, feeding tube dependence, diabetes mellitus and obesity were associated with severe COVID-19. These results are considered useful to identify children at risk of severe disease and who can benefit from COVID-19 prevention strategies, including vaccination.
Ondansetron orale per la gastroenterite pediatrica nelle cure primarie: uno studio randomizzato controllato che non dà utili indicazioni
Authors: Gruppo di lettura di Reggio Emilia
Published: September 2022

Oral Ondansetron for Paediatric Gastroenteritis in Primary Care: A Randomized Controlled Trial with no useful indications This randomized controlled pragmatic study carried out in three continuity care centers in the Netherlands promotes the use of Ondansetron as an antiemetic for acute gastroenteritis in primary care. Unfortunately, during the study, the authors changed the primary outcome from "referral to hospital treatment" to "vomiting in the first 4 hours after randomization" due to the low enrolment of patients (only 194 children enrolled in 2 years by almost 600 primary care doctors). The new outcome chosen, although statistically significant, is of little clinical interest. Enrolled patients arrived at late evaluation, after a mean symptom duration of 2 days. An earlier use of ondansetron for acute gastroenteritis in the context of primary care might therefore be effective in reducing the need for intravenous rehydration, but further studies are needed.