bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spectroscopic and Molecular Docking Studies on the Influence of Inulin on the Interaction of Sophoricoside with Whey Protein Concentrate
Authors: Wang Anna , Xie Mengyang , Wu Ligen
Published: November 2024

The influence of inulin on the interaction of sophoricoside (Sop) with whey protein concentrate (WPC) was investigated using various spectroscopic methods, including fluorescence spectroscopy (intrinsic fluorescence, synchronous fluorescence, and three-dimensional fluorescence), ultraviolet-visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and molecular docking. Sop was found to quench the intrinsic fluorescence of WPC by a static mechanism, both with and without the addition of inulin, and to enhance the antioxidant capacity of the protein. The addition of inulin slightly increased the binding distance between WPC and Sop, while reducing the number of binding sites from two to one. Non-covalent interactions, predominantly van der Waals forces and hydrogen bonding, were maintained between Sop and the protein. Synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy revealed that Sop prevents the exposure of hydrophobic groups on tryptophan residues, leading to increased surface hydrophilicity of the WPC complex. This aligns with the decreased protein surface hydrophobicity measured by 8-Anilino-1-naphthalenesulfonic acid (ANS) binding assays. With inulin, the overall hydrophobicity of the protein was lower than in the system without inulin, suggesting that both inulin and Sop improve the solubility of WPC. Three-dimensional fluorescence spectral analysis showed a reduction in fluorescence intensity and a red shift in the presence of both Sop and inulin. FTIR spectroscopy indicated a slight increase in the secondary structure ordering of WPC following the addition of both Sop and inulin, suggesting structural stabilization under heating conditions. Molecular docking highlighted the potential for hydrogen bond formation between Sop and WPC.
Distribution of Dietary Phospholipids in Selected Agri-Foods: Versatile Nutraceutical Ingredients
Authors: Kim Ho-Chang , Cho Eun-Ju , Chang Hyeon-Jun , Shin Jung-Ah , Lee Jeung-Hee
Published: November 2024

Phospholipids (PLs) play a crucial role in the nutraceutical field due to their various health benefits, including supporting acetylcholine production, enhancing cell membrane fluidity, and promoting cognitive functions. This study aimed to investigate the PL composition of selected agri-foods, including grains, vegetables, and fruits, and assess the effects of cooking methods. The major PLs identified in most agri-foods were phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylcholine (PC). Additionally, lyso-phosphatidylethanolamine and lyso-phosphatidylcholine were found in rice, grains, and wheat, while N-acyl-phosphatidylethanolamine was detected in grains, wheat, and some vegetables. Phosphatidylinositol was present in fruits and vegetables, and phosphatidylserine was exclusively found in mushrooms. The PL composition was influenced by cooking methods, with boiling, steaming, blanching, and roasting increasing the PL content, while salting tended to decrease it. Although most agri-foods contained higher levels of PC than PE, citrus fruits under long-term low-temperature storage had significantly more PE than PC. This study established a PL database for the selected agri- and processed/cooked foods, providing insights into changes in PL composition and content based on cooking methods. Given the important health functions of each PL, consuming various agri-foods and incorporating different cooking methods for optimal health benefits is advisable.
Advanced Technologies for Enhancing Structure and Functions of Films and Coatings
Authors: Lapčík Lubomír
Published: November 2024

This Special Issue, titled Advanced Technologies for Enhancing Structure and Functions of Films and Coatings, covers current trends that revolve around sustainability, multifunctionality, and the integration of smart materials [...]
Comparative Evaluation of Camelina Seed Oils Obtained by Cold-Pressing and Solvent Extraction
Authors: Rakita Slađana , Spasevski Nedeljka , Savić Ivan , Savić Gajić Ivana , Lazarević Jasmina , Dragojlović Danka , Đuragić Olivera
Published: November 2024

This study aimed to analyze the physicochemical properties and nutritional quality of oil extracted from the camelina seed genotypes NS Zlatka and NS Slatka, grown in Serbia, using both Soxhlet extraction with n-hexane and the cold-pressing technique. Extraction technique did not have an effect on oil yield. Camelina oils exhibited satisfactory physicochemical characteristics, which were influenced by the extraction methods. The oils were rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids, with α-linolenic acid being the most abundant. They were characterized by a balanced ω-6 to ω-3 ratio (0.5), low atherogenicity index and thrombogenicity index values, and a relatively high hypocholesterolemic/hypercholesterolemic ratio. Cold-pressed oils contained significantly higher amounts of α- and γ-tocopherols and showed greater oxidative stability at moderate temperatures, as confirmed by the Schaal oven test. Despite this, their oxidative stability decreased at elevated temperatures (Rancimat test) compared to solvent-extracted oils. Conversely, solvent-extracted oils had higher levels of β-carotene and showed superior resistance to high-temperature conditions. Due to its unique characteristics, nutritional properties, and health-promoting attributes, cold-pressed camelina oil presents significant potential for application in food, nutraceutical, feed, and cosmetic industries.
Research Progress and Teaching Exploration of Physical Processing Technology for Reduced-Salt Gel Meat Products
Authors: Kang Zhuangli , Hou Qin , Xu Jingguo
Published: November 2024

Salt assumes a significant role in the production of meat gels. Excessive intake of salt adversely affects human health, and consumers’ demand for reduced-salt meat products is escalating. This review primarily introduces the characteristics of the physical processing technology of reduced-salt gel meat products, such as the technology of ultrasonic, high-pressure processing, beating, plasma, and magnetic field, and its role in reduced-salt gel meat processing, and explores means to improve the teaching effect of the physical processing technology of reduced-salt gel meat products in the major of Food Science and Engineering. It was found that physical processing techniques, such as ultrasound, high-pressure processing, and beating, could enhance the solubility and processing performance of myofibrillar protein by improving the meat structure and protein conformation, increasing the interaction between proteins, water, and fat molecules, and enhancing the texture, water-holding capacity, and sensory quality of reduced-salt gel meat products. In the promotion and teaching of physical processing technology, it is necessary to strengthen interdisciplinary integration and scientific research activities according to the customs, laws and regulations of different countries and regions, combined with the development frontier of the technology, and develop reduced-salt gel meat products that meet local needs according to local conditions.
A Systematic Literature Review and Bibliometric Analysis of Blockchain Technology for Food Security
Authors: Sundarakani Balan , Ghouse Anis
Published: November 2024

The United Arab Emirates (UAE) faces obstacles in guaranteeing food security because of its desert climate, restricted arable land, and significant reliance on food imports. Establishing a robust and transparent food supply chain is crucial. This study investigates the crucial functions of blockchain technology in protecting and improving food security in the UAE. Using bibliographic and co-citation network analyses, this study examines 143 research articles that provide a thorough review of the current status of blockchain technology in relation to food security. We examine the interrelationships among studies, highlighting significant themes and identifying three emerging food security patterns in the incorporation of blockchain into the food security domain. This study enhances the understanding of how blockchain technology can transform the food security dimensions of availability, accessibility, utilization, and stability in the UAE and worldwide.
Common Attractors of Generalized Hutchinson–Wardowski Contractive Operators
Authors: Iqbal Bilal , Saleem Naeem , Iqbal Iram , Aphane Maggie
Published: November 2024

The aim of this paper is to obtain a fractal set of ℑ-iterated function systems comprising generalized ℑ-contractions. For a variety of Hutchinson–Wardowski contractive operators, we prove that this kind of system admits a unique common attractor. Consequently, diverse outcomes are obtained for generalized iterated function systems satisfying various generalized contractive conditions. An illustrative example is also provided. Finally, the existence results of common solutions to fractional boundary value problems are obtained.
Approaching Multifractal Complexity in Decentralized Cryptocurrency Trading
Authors: Wątorek Marcin , Królczyk Marcin , Kwapień Jarosław , Stanisz Tomasz , Drożdż Stanisław
Published: November 2024

Multifractality is a concept that helps compactly grasp the most essential features of financial dynamics. In its fully developed form, this concept applies to essentially all mature financial markets and even to more liquid cryptocurrencies traded on centralized exchanges. A new element that adds complexity to cryptocurrency markets is the possibility of decentralized trading. Based on the extracted tick-by-tick transaction data from the Universal Router contract of the Uniswap decentralized exchange, from 6 June 2023 to 30 June 2024, the present study using multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis (MFDFA) shows that even though liquidity on these new exchanges is still much lower compared to centralized exchanges, convincing traces of multifractality are already emerging in this new trading as well. The resulting multifractal spectra are, however, strongly left-side asymmetric, which indicates that this multifractality comes primarily from large fluctuations, and small ones are more of the uncorrelated noise type. What is particularly interesting here is the fact that multifractality is more developed for time series representing transaction volumes than rates of return. On the level of these larger events, a trace of multifractal cross-correlations between the two characteristics is also observed.
Inference of Genetic Diversity, Population Structure, and Selection Signatures in Xiangxi White Buffalo of China Through Whole-Genome Resequencing
Authors: Bian Chenqi , Luo Yang , Li Jianbo , Cheng Huan , He Fang , Duan Hongfeng , Ahmed Zulfiqar , Lei Chuzhao , Yi Kangle
Published: November 2024

(1) Background: Buffaloes are crucial livestock species for food and service in tropical and subtropical regions. Buffalo genetics, particularly in indigenous Chinese breeds such as the Xiangxi white buffalo (XWB), remains an intriguing area of study due to its unique traits and regional significance. (2) Methods: This investigation utilized the whole-genome sequences of twenty XWBs (newly sequenced), along with eighty published whole-genome sequences of other buffalo breeds (including Guizhou white buffalo, river buffalo, and Chinese buffalo in the Yangtze River). Using whole-genome sequencing analysis technology, the population structure, genomic diversity, and selection signatures of XWB were determined. (3) Results: This study revealed that the XWB, being phylogenetically positioned in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, exhibited substantial genomic diversity. Employing four selection sweep detection methods (CLR, iHS, π-ratio, and FST), several genes were positively identified for adaptive traits in the XWB, including coat color phenotypes (ASIP, KIT), the nervous system (GRIK2), reproduction (KCNIP4), growth and development (IFNAR1, BMP6, HDAC9, MGAT4C, and SLC30A9), the body (LINGO2, LYN, and FLI1), immunity (IRAK3 and MZB1), and lactation (TP63, LPIN1, SAE1). (4) Conclusions: In conclusion, this study enhances our understanding of the genetic distinctiveness and adaptive traits of XWB, highlighting selection signatures crucial for future breeding and conservation and ensuring sustainable use of this vital livestock resource.
Kavokta Deposit, Middle Vitim Mountain Country, Russia: Composition and Genesis of Dolomite Type Nephrite
Authors: Kislov Evgeniy V.
Published: November 2024

The Kavokta deposit of the dolomite type nephrite is located in the Middle Vitim mountain country, Russia (Russian Federation). The deposit area is composed of granite of the Late Paleozoic Vitimkan complex. The granite contains complex shape blocks of Lower Proterozoic rocks. They are represented by metasandstone, crystalline schist, amphibolite, and dolomite marble. The calcite–tremolite and epidote–tremolite skarns were formed on the contact of dolomite and amphibolite. Calcite–tremolite skarn contains nephrite bodies. The mineral composition of 16 core samples obtained during the geological exploration conducted by JSC “Transbaikal Mining Enterprise” within Vein 1 of Prozrachny site has been studied in thin sections using a petrographic microscope, and in polished sections using a scanning electron microscope, with an energy-dispersive microanalysis system. Twenty-five minerals have been identified. They have been attributed to relict, metasomatic associations of the pre-nephrite and nephrite stages and hydrothermal and secondary associations. The intensity of the nephrite’s green color is explained by the Fe admixture in tremolite, and the black color is explained by its transition to actinolite in the areas of contact with epidote–tremolite skarn after amphibolite. In the formation and alteration of nephrite, dolomite is replaced by diopside, diopside by tremolite, prismatic tremolite by tangled fibrous tremolite, and tremolite by chlorite. Granite provides heat for metasomatism. Participation of amphibolite in the nephrite formation determines the variety of nephrite colors. The role of metamorphism is reduced to tectonic fragmentation facilitating fluid penetration; stress provides a tangled fibrous cryptocrystalline texture.
Dyadic Coping in Aging: Linking Self-Perceptions of Aging to Depression
Authors: Fernandes-Pires Jose Adrián , Bodenmann Guy , Márquez-González María , Pedroso-Chaparro María del Sequeros , Cabrera Isabel , García-García Laura , Losada-Baltar Andrés
Published: November 2024

Negative self-perceptions of aging have been linked to poorer health and quality of life and predict significantly depressive symptomatology. The support provided by the partner may have an impact on the effects of self-perceptions of aging on depressive symptoms; a close relationship can go along with additional stress or resources and benefits. The present study analyzes the relationship between negative self-stereotypes and depressive symptomatology, considering positive and negative dyadic coping (DC) as moderator variables in this association. Method: Participants were 365 individuals (convenience sample) 40 years or older (M = 60.86) involved in a partner relationship. Participants completed a questionnaire that included the following variables: negative self-perceptions of aging, positive DC (e.g., “My partner shows empathy and understanding to me”), negative DC (e.g., “When I am stressed, my partner tends to withdraw”), and depressive symptomatology. Two moderation models were tested by linear regression. Results: The effect of negative self-perceptions of aging on depressive symptoms was moderated by positive and negative DC only in women. The effect of negative self-perceptions of aging appears to be smaller among those women with higher levels of positive DC and lower levels of negative DC. Conclusions: Positive DC might buffer the association between negative self-perceptions of aging and depressive symptoms. Negative DC might amplify this association, as it is associated with lower well-being among women who express negative self-perceptions of aging. Implications: Training couples in strategies for providing supportive dyadic coping may be a resource to buffer the negative effect of negative self-perceptions of aging on well-being.
The Five Serizawas and the Practice of Sacrifice: Reframing the Stereotypes of Scientists in Godzilla Media
Authors: Carazo Rachel L.
Published: November 2024

With the growing popularity of Godzilla and kaijū media, scholarship on these topics is also increasing. While science themes (i.e., nuclearism, genetics, and environmentalism) are regular aspects of these publications, a research gap on the scientists themselves exists. Therefore, this article focuses on the five Serizawas (Daisuke, Eiji, Ishirō, Ren, and Shigeru) of Godzilla media (namely films, novelizations, and a webtoon) to examine their significance. Haynes’ six scientist stereotypes and Frayling’s considerations of how scientists are disconnected from laypeople provide frameworks for the analysis. Yet the complexities of the Serizawas ultimately suggest that interpreting them through a lens of sacrifice (of their families, loves, creations, and lives) provides a more solid thread by which to understand these men and their utilization of what can be deemed ‘Godzilla science’—a method to (re)assert the natural order of the world on (and in) which humans and kaijū must learn to live.
Understanding the Process of Acceptance Within the Nurse–Patient Therapeutic Relationship in Mental Health Care: A Grounded Theory
Authors: Aznar-Huerta Andrea , Moreno-Poyato Antonio R. , Cardó-Vila Gemma , Vives-Abril Teresa , Leyva-Moral Juan M.
Published: November 2024

Background/Objective: Deepening knowledge about the meaning of acceptance in the context of the nurse–patient relationship will help us to understand the importance and value that people with mental health challenges attach to this attribute in the process of the therapeutic relationship. The objective of this study was to understand the process of acceptance as part of the therapeutic relationship between nurses and patients in the field of mental health. Methods: This study employed a qualitative research design using Strauss and Corbin’s grounded theory approach. Using theoretical sampling, data were collected through unstructured interviews with mental health nurses and with people with mental health challenges. Results: Acceptance is a complex and dynamic process that takes place when both patients and nurses feel and make the other feel like an individual human being. Acceptance is not an automatic process; rather, it requires awareness on behalf of both parties involved in the therapeutic relationship. The creation of a non-hierarchical caring environment is fundamental for fostering mutual acceptance and engagement in the therapeutic process. Conclusions: Nurses must develop self-awareness and reflect on their attitudes and biases to provide person-centered care. Nurse training and personal development are essential requirements for achieving an effective therapeutic relationship and empowering patients in their recovery process.
The Spanish Adaptation of the Quality in Psychiatric Care—Forensic Inpatient (QPC-FIP) Instrument: Psychometric Properties
Authors: Domínguez del Campo Marta , Roldán-Merino Juan , Tomás-Jiménez Manuel , Puig-Llobet Montserrat , Lluch-Canut Maria Teresa , Rodríguez Zunino Nathalia , Sanchez-Balcells Sara , Schröder Agneta , Lundqvist Lars-Olov , Escuder-Romeva Gemma , Moreno-Poyato Antonio R.
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: The quality of care in forensic mental health services is a factor that significantly impacts recovery and constitutes a right of the individuals receiving treatment. However, there is a lack of instruments to assess the perceived quality of care among individuals in this setting. Quality in Psychiatric Care—Forensic Inpatient (QPC-FIP) is a Swedish instrument that measures the perception of quality care from the perspectives of patients in the forensic setting. The aim of this study was to perform a cross-cultural adaptation of the QPC-FIP instrument into Spanish and to assess its reliability and validity. Methods: For the adaptation process, a translation–backtranslation of the instrument was performed. Regarding psychometric properties, the sample consisted of 120 inpatients in the forensic setting to whom the instrument was applied. To assess temporal stability, the instrument was readministered after 10 days (n = 98). Results: The confirmatory factor analysis showed an equivalent seven-factor structure with the original version, presenting a satisfactory model fit. Regarding reliability, the Cronbach’s alpha value was 0.933, and the intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.836 (95% IC: 0.742–0.896), revealing results higher than 0.70 in six of the seven factors. Conclusions: The Spanish version of the QPC-FIP instrument showed adequate validity and reliability values, indicating that is a useful tool for measuring quality in psychiatric care in the forensic context.
An Innovative Intervention Model for Children and Young People in Residential Care: The D’ART-TE Project
Authors: Gameiro Fátima , Faria Miguel , Rosa Beatriz , Ferreira Paula , Pedro Ana
Published: November 2024

(1) Background: Residential care (RC) for children and youth should provide a holistic experience of growing up. Currently, RC homes face many challenges, highlighting the need for validated, innovative interventions. D’AR-TE is a pilot project aimed at creating an innovative intervention model for children and youth in RC, promoting protective factors through activities designed to enhance personal skills, socialization, and relationship building. The project spanned three years, focusing on two main areas: “Promoting the SELF” (including Sports, Art, and Virtual Reality) and “Promoting the US” (group activities with families and non-institutionalized peers). (2) Methods: To validate the D’AR-TE model, 46 children and youth in RC, aged between 6 and 20 years, were assessed. They were divided into an experimental group (26 participants) and a control group (20 participants). The evaluation, conducted at the beginning and end of the project, focused on cognitive and neuropsychological domains. (3) Results: By the end of D’AR-TE, the experimental group showed statistically significant improvements, including decreased aggression perception, increased social support, enhanced self-concept, and better cognitive and emotional performance. (4) Conclusions: These results suggest that D’AR-TE had a positive impact and could be a valid and replicable model for children and youth in RC.
Evaluating the Impact of an Online Mindfulness Program on Healthcare Workers in Korean Medicine Institutions: A Two-Year Retrospective Study
Authors: Kwon Chan-Young
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: This retrospective study evaluated the effectiveness of a two-year online mindfulness program (five biweekly sessions) combined with a smartphone application for healthcare workers (HCWs) in Korean medicine (KM) institutions. Methods: Twenty-three participants, including KM University students, KM doctors, and nurses, completed a 9-week online mindfulness program in 2023 or 2024. The pre- and post-intervention surveys assessed subjective health status (SHS), knowledge of mind–body modalities (MBMs), hwa-byung (HB) symptoms, emotional labor (EL), burnout, and program satisfaction. Results: Participants showed significant improvements in SHS (p = 0.008) and MBM knowledge (p = 0.035). HB personality scores decreased significantly (p = 0.027), while the reduction in HB symptoms approached statistical significance (p = 0.052). The frequency of interactions among job-focused EL increased (p = 0.003). The subgroup analysis revealed significant reductions in HB personality traits (p = 0.017) and symptoms (p = 0.006) among practicing KM doctors and nurses. No significant changes were observed in burnout levels. Participants reported high satisfaction (median 8.00 [IQR 8.0–9.0]) and willingness to recommend the program (median 5.00 [IQR 4.0–5.0]). Conclusions: Analysis of the 2-year results suggests that the online mindfulness program effectively improved SHS, MBM knowledge, and HB-related symptoms among HCWs in KM institutions, particularly among practicing professionals. High satisfaction rates indicated the acceptability of the program. Future research should use larger sample sizes and randomized controlled designs to further validate these findings and explore long-term outcomes. This intervention shows promise as a tool to promote mental health in Korean healthcare settings.
Factors Influencing the Attrition Rate of a 10-Week Multimodal Rehabilitation Program in Patients After Lung Transplant: A Neural Network Analysis
Authors: Dávalos-Yerovi Vanesa , Sánchez-Rodríguez Dolores , Gómez-Garrido Alba , Launois Patricia , Tejero-Sánchez Marta , Pujol-Blaya Vicenta , Curbelo Yulibeth G. , Donohoe Owen , Marco Ester
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: Despite the effectiveness of exercise and nutritional interventions to improve aerobic capacity and quality of life in lung transplant (LT) recipients, their compliance is low. Strategies to reduce the high attrition rate (participants lost over time) is a major challenge. Artificial neural networks (ANN) may assist in the early identification of patients with high risk of attrition. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the usefulness of ANNs to identify prognostic factors for high attrition rate of a 10-week rehabilitation program after a LT. Methods: This prospective observational study included first-time LT recipients over 18 years of age. The main outcome for each patient was the attrition rate, which was estimated by the amount of missing data accumulated during the study. Clinical variables including malnutrition, sarcopenia, and their individual components were assessed at baseline. An ANN and regression analysis were used to identify the factors determining a high attrition rate. Results: Of the 41 participants, 17 (41.4%) had a high rate of attrition in the rehabilitation program. Only 23 baseline variables had no missing data and were included in the analysis, from which a low age-dependent body mass index (BMI) was the most important conditioning factor for a high attrition rate (p = 7.08 × 10−5), followed by end-stage respiratory disease requiring PT (p = 0.000111), low health-related quality-of-life (HRQoL) (p = 0.0009078), and low handgrip strength (p = 0.023). Conclusions: The prevalence of high attrition rate in LT recipients is high. The profile of patients with a high probability of attrition includes those with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, low BMI and handgrip strength, and reduced HRQoL.
Balance Ability Characteristics and Related Factors in Athletes Across Different Sports: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Suzuki Yasuhiro , Shimizu Yukiyo , Maruo Kazushi , Tsubaki Takumi , Tanabe Yuuki , Hada Yasushi
Published: November 2024

Background: We conducted a cross-sectional study to examine two-leg- and one-leg-type balance characteristics in athletes and explore factors related to their balance ability. Methods: A total of 213 participants, including athletes from various sports (gymnastics, boat racing, swimming, soccer, judo, and baseball) and non-athletes, were included (142 men, 71 women, average age 21.5 ± 2.1 years). Balance ability was classified into two-leg and one-leg types using the modified index of postural stability (mIPS) in a two-leg stance and the one-legged stance duration with eyes closed (OLS). Body composition, upper and lower limb strength, and lower limb sensation were also measured. To examine the balance characteristics of each sport, the mIPS and OLS were used as dependent variables in a multiple regression model with age, height, weight, and sex as independent variables. Results: The results showed a significantly higher mIPS in gymnastics (estimate: 0.22) and boat racing (0.14), and it was lower in swimming (−0.25). The OLS was significantly higher in soccer (16.98), judo (16.23), gymnastics (9.77), and baseball (9.12) and significantly lower in swimming (7.93). Additionally, the mIPS was independently associated with knee extension strength (0.12), sensory motor variables (−0.004), and height (−0.01). The OLS was associated with skeletal muscle mass (1.85) and height (−1.42). Conclusions: In summary, gymnasts showed superior two-leg and one-leg balance; boat racers excelled in two-leg balance; swimmers showed inferior two-leg but better one-leg balance; and soccer, judo, and baseball athletes demonstrated superior one-leg balance. Additionally, the mIPS was associated with knee extensor strength, plantar pressure sensation, and height, whereas the OLS was associated with skeletal muscle mass and height.
Enhancing Clinical Reasoning with Virtual Patients: A Hybrid Systematic Review Combining Human Reviewers and ChatGPT
Authors: García-Torres Daniel , Vicente Ripoll María Asunción , Fernández Peris César , Mira Solves José Joaquín
Published: November 2024

Objectives: This study presents a systematic review aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of virtual patients in enhancing clinical reasoning skills in medical education. A hybrid methodology was used, combining human reviewers and ChatGPT to assess the impact of conversational virtual patients on student learning outcomes and satisfaction. Methods: Various studies involving conversational virtual patients were analyzed to determine the effect of these digital tools on clinical competencies. The hybrid review process incorporated both human assessments and AI-driven reviews, allowing a comparison of accuracy between the two approaches. Results: Consistent with previous systematic reviews, our findings suggest that conversational virtual patients can improve clinical competencies, particularly in history-taking and clinical reasoning. Regarding student feedback, satisfaction tends to be higher when virtual patients’ interactions are more realistic, often due to the use of artificial intelligence (AI) and natural language processing (NLP) in the simulators. Furthermore, the study compares the accuracy of AI-driven reviews with human assessments, revealing comparable results. Conclusions: This research highlights AI’s potential to complement human expertise in academic evaluations, contributing to more efficient and consistent systematic reviews in rapidly evolving educational fields.
A Systematic Review Exploring Dietary Behaviors, Psychological Determinants and Lifestyle Factors Associated with Weight Regain After Bariatric Surgery
Authors: Althumiri Nora A. , Bindhim Nasser F. , Al-Rayes Saja A. , Alumran Arwa
Published: November 2024

Background: Weight regains after bariatric surgery presents a significant challenge to long-term weight management and overall health outcomes. While clinical and surgical factors influencing bariatric outcomes have been extensively reviewed, there remains a notable gap in understanding how behavioral factors—specifically dietary habits, psychological influences, and lifestyle choices—impact long-term weight maintenance. This systematic review addresses this gap, highlighting the unique role of these behavioral factors in sustaining weight loss post-bariatric surgery. Aim: This systematic review aims to explore the behavioral factors—including dietary, psychological, and lifestyle influences—associated with weight regain after bariatric surgery. Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted across multiple databases, focusing on peer-reviewed articles published in English. We included observational studies exclusively focused on adults who experienced weight regain after bariatric surgery, with an emphasis on behavioral factors. Searches were conducted in MEDLINE via PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar, with the last search completed on 10 July 2024. Studies published within the past 10 years were considered. The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal tool for cross-sectional studies was used to assess the risk of bias. A total of 16 studies met the inclusion criteria: 12 cross-sectional studies, 3 cohort studies, and 1 in-depth interview study. Results: The review found inconsistencies in the definitions of weight regain across studies. Nonetheless, three primary behavioral factors were identified as potentially contributing to weight regain: dietary non-adherence and eating patterns, psychological determinants, and lifestyle behaviors. Dietary non-adherence included high-calorie food consumption, excessive intake of sweets, carbohydrates, and sweetened beverages, and low protein intake. Psychological factors such as depression, anxiety, emotional eating, and binge eating were prevalent among individuals experiencing weight regain. Lifestyle behaviors, including physical inactivity, smoking, and sedentary habits, also played significant roles. Conclusions: Post-bariatric weight management is multifaceted, necessitating a comprehensive approach that addresses dietary, psychological, and lifestyle factors. Most studies on behavioral factors linked to weight regain were cross-sectional with small sample sizes, limiting the ability to infer causality. Future research should include detailed information on dietary adherence, standardized tools to assess physical activity and sedentary behavior, and validated measures for psychological health. Tailored interventions and continuous support from healthcare professionals are essential for maximizing the effectiveness of bariatric surgery, promoting sustainable weight loss, and enhancing overall health outcomes.
Time for Care: Male and Female Voices Based on Their Caregiving Experiences
Authors: Ramírez-Perdomo Claudia , Cantillo-Medina Claudia , Perdomo-Romero Alix
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: To understand the lived experiences of the informal caregivers of people with chronic noncommunicable diseases and their interpretations of the significance of that care. The perspectives of men and women interacting with people in a situation of chronicity are examined. Methods: This qualitative, phenomenological, hermeneutic study was based on Van Manen’s comprehensive and interpretative vision. Criterion-oriented non-probability random sampling was used. In-depth interviews were used to collect the information. Twenty informal caregivers participated in the study. Results: The following five themes emerged: transformation of the caregiver’s world; uncertainty of care; tireless guardianship and unwavering devotion; isolation and emotional exhaustion; and imbalance between caring for others and the self. Conclusions: The experience of informal caregivers reveals that both men and women face significant challenges, albeit from gender-differentiated perspectives and experiences. Men and women elaborate different meanings of caregiving, reflecting their gender roles and expectations. Therefore, an inclusive and equitable approach that recognizes and addresses these gender differences is essential in order to improve the support and quality of life for all informal caregivers, respecting and valuing their unique voices and experiences. An inclusive and equitable approach that recognizes gender intersections is required to improve support and the quality of life for informal caregivers.
Influence of an Alternative Diagnosis on the Diagnosis of Pulmonary Thromboembolism
Authors: Suárez del Villar Carrero Rafael , Martínez-Urbistondo Diego , De la Serna Real de Asúa Miguel , Cano Mazarro Ángel , Agud Fernández María , Rodríguez Cobo Ana , Villares Fernández Paula
Published: November 2024

Background: The diagnosis of pulmonary embolism (PE) is based on the application of a priori probability scales such as the Wells scale or PERC. However, the clinical heterogeneity of this pathology results in the absence of a target population to apply these algorithms. The Wells score does consider the possibility of an alternative diagnosis, awarding an additional point if no other diagnosis is likely, yet the presence of objective alternative diagnoses can still complicate clinical assessment and lead to unnecessary testing or missed diagnoses. Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the discrimination capacity of clinical objective factors with a high negative predictive value for PE, compared to PERC in terms of reducing unnecessary testing across different risk strata of the Wells scale. Materials and Methods: This was a single-center retrospective cohort study, including patients who underwent chest CT angiography to rule out PE at a university hospital between 2008 and 2017, considering the presence of PE as the study outcome. The study collected demographic data, comorbidities, and clinical presentation data. The presence of objective criteria for pneumonia, heart failure, exacerbation of COPD, or the use of anticoagulation in non-oncological patients were considered a priori criteria with a high negative predictive value. Results: The analyses were performed on a cohort of 399 patients with an average age of 65 years and 53% females. A total of 139 patients were diagnosed with PE by CT angiography. The presence of factors with a high NPV showed a sensitivity of 100% in low-risk patients according to Wells, with sensitivity dropping below 50% in other populations. The association of these factors in the PERC plus criteria would allow a reduction of up to 34% in CT angiographies in patients with low risk according to the Wells scale. Conclusions: The combination of risk stratification of the Wells scale and PERC plus criteria allows an absolute reduction of 34.3% in the performance of CT angiographies in patients classified as low risk with a sensitivity and a negative predictive value of 100%. The preexistence of an alternative diagnosis does not allow ruling out PE in patients with intermediate or high risk according to the Wells scale.
Job Stress and Burnout Among School Health Teachers During the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Mediating Effect of Resilience and the Moderating Effect of School Organizational Culture
Authors: Jung Hye Ran , Jang Mi Heui , Sun Min Jung
Published: November 2024

Objectives: This study aims to examine the mediating effect of resilience and the moderating effect of school organizational culture on the relationship between job stress and burnout among school health teachers during COVID-19. Methods: The participants of the study were 223 school health teachers. The data collected included the Korean version of the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (K-CD-RISC), Job Stress Scale, Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), and School Organizational Culture Scale. Data analysis was performed using SPSS/WIN 25.0 software. Results: There was a significant positive correlation between job stress and burnout among school health teachers. Conversely, both resilience and school organizational culture were negatively correlated with burnout. The mediating effect of resilience on the relationship between job stress and burnout was significant. However, the moderating effect of school organizational culture was not significant. Conclusions: To prevent burnout in school health teachers, it is necessary to develop policy alternatives aimed at reducing job stress and to implement psychological and emotional support measures to improve resilience.
Quality of Life in Patients with Endodontically Treated Teeth: A Retrospective Study at an Educational Hospital
Authors: Almohareb Rahaf A. , Barakat Reem M. , Basuhail Hadeel M. , Alshihri Shahad A. , Alturki Nada Y. , Alsultan Rafa , Alrashid Ghadah T. , Alotaibi Ghadeer Y. , Hebbal Mamata
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: Root canal treatment (RCT) is a crucial procedure for preserving dental health. While its clinical success rates are well documented, patient-reported outcomes regarding quality of life remain less explored. This study aimed to assess the long-term impact of RCT performed in an educational hospital on patients’ oral-health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) using the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14). Methods: A total of 1500 patients who underwent non-surgical RCT between April 2018 and February 2023 were called and invited for a follow-up visit. During the visit, all teeth that had undergone RCT were assessed clinically and radiographically by two calibrated examiners to evaluate RCT quality and pre- and post-treatment periapical index (PAI) scores. Demographic information and OHIP-14 responses were collected, and the data were recorded. Results: Patients reported high levels of satisfaction (95%) and no negative impact on their OHRQoL. Statistical analysis revealed that post-operative periapical index (PAI) scores (p < 0.001), patient gender (p = 0.003) and nationality (p = 0.029) significantly influenced OHRQoL perceptions; Conclusion: These findings emphasize the effectiveness of RCT in enhancing patients’ quality of life and highlight the impact of demographic factors—such as gender and whether the patient is a resident or a national of the country, along with post-treatment severity of the disease—on patient-reported outcomes.
The Correlation Between Effort–Reward Imbalance at Work and the Risk of Burnout Among Nursing Staff Working in an Emergency Department—A Pilot Study
Authors: Braun Justus Wolfgang , Darius Sabine , Böckelmann Irina
Published: November 2024

Background: Nurses in emergency rooms face high levels of psychological stress during their work, which is why they have an increased risk of burnout. The aim of this pilot study was to determine the extent to which effort–reward imbalance (ERI) at work is connected to the risk of burnout among emergency nurses. Methodology: Thirty-five nurses from the central emergency department of a maximum care provider, aged 35.1 ± 0.6 years, voluntarily participated in this pilot study. ERI was recorded using the Effort–Reward Imbalance questionnaire. The nurses were then divided into two groups: the nonrisk group (ERI ratio < 1, n = 19) and the risk group (ERI ratio ≥ 1, n = 16). The burnout dimensions were determined via the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) and the burnout risk was then determined. Results: Nurses in the nonrisk group were significantly less emotionally exhausted (1.6 ± 1.1 points) and had a lower overall risk of burnout (MBI total score 1.2 ± 0.67 points) than the nurses of the risk group. (3.3 ± 1.5 and 2.2 ± 1.2 points, respectively). Eighteen nurses from the total sample had a medium or high risk of burnout. There is a correlation between the risk of burnout and the ERI ratio (r = 0.392, p < 0.05) and the ERI scale “job promotion” (r = −0.462, p < 0.05). Conclusions: The pilot study provides indications of a relationship between effort–reward imbalance at work and burnout risk in emergency nurses. These findings may improve rewards for nurses in the form of increased salary and/or recognition to reduce the risk of burnout among employees and avoid turnover. Further research is needed to investigate the influence of preventive measures on the risk of burnout and gratification crises, particularly with regard to the influence of status and recognition on the risk of burnout.
A Multifaceted Assessment of the Consultation Liaison Psychiatry Service Within a Regional Australian Hospital
Authors: Tan Clement , Reelh Sandeep , Suri Rahul , Hiskens Matthew , Ajit Akshaya , Rana Alok
Published: November 2024

Background: Medical and mental health conditions have a reciprocal relationship, with each impacting the other. Consultation–liaison psychiatry (CLP) is a sub-speciality that addresses psychiatric comorbidities in the general hospital system and positively impacts hospital resources through its service aspects of ‘consultation’ and ‘liaison’. This multi-faceted evaluation aims to describe and evaluate the characteristics of a regional CLP service. Methods: Retrospective evaluation of all referrals accepted by CLP between May 2021 and 2022 were reviewed through the hospital’s electronic records. An evaluation tool was designed to assess multiple aspects of care, including the source of referrals, the reasons for referral, patient demographics, how quickly the patient was seen, information on their mental health, and the details and timeframe of CLP involvement. Findings: There were 147 patients included in this study. Doctors were the primary referrers (92%). A total of 94% of patients were reviewed within 24 h of the referral being received. Referral reasons were balanced across diagnostic clarification/review, medication review, and risk review. A large proportion of referrals were aged > 60 years. There was a large proportion of patients who lived rurally, requiring hospital transfer. CLP involvement was primarily required to provide a diagnosis (91% of patients) and provide pharmacological management advice (88%). Conclusions: The CLP service currently operates with limited resources, and without additional support, the sustainability of the service will become increasingly challenged due to population ageing. It is essential that we address this issue to ensure that the community’s needs are met effectively.
Metabolic Profile Evolution of Citrus sinensis ‘Navelina’ Under Different Cultivation Techniques and Water-Saving Strategies
Authors: Giménez-Valero Carlos , Maciá-Vázquez Alejandro Andy , Núñez-Gómez Dámaris , Martínez-Nicolás Juan José , Legua Pilar , Melgarejo Pablo
Published: November 2024

Citrus trees, particularly oranges, are a highly significant plant genus due to their consumption as fresh produce and the multiple compounds derived from them, which are extensively used in the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. Despite recent advancements, the understanding of metabolic processes in the Citrus genus remains limited, especially in the context of variable agricultural practices. This study aimed to investigate the metabolomic evolution in leaves of sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) cultivated under different conditions over two key developmental periods: pre-winter (t1) and spring sprouting and flowering (t2). Using proton nuclear magnetic resonance (H-NMR) spectroscopy, this research identified 27 key metabolites across five distinct cultivation treatments (T0, T1, T2, T3, T4), including amino acids, organic acids, and sugars, and their variation over time. T0 represents the traditional crop of the control plot, while T1, T2, T3, and T4 incorporate different strategies aimed at water-saving, such as the use of weed control mesh and subsurface drainage systems, all designed to improve profitability and crop efficiency under the same soil and climatic conditions. The treatments were evaluated for their impact on plant growth parameters such as height, trunk diameter, and flower production, with a focus on reducing water usage without compromising crop performance. The results indicate that the use of weed control mesh significantly improves plant growth, increases flower production, and stabilizes key metabolite levels, contributing to a concept termed “plant metabolomic homeostasis.” These findings are particularly relevant in regions like southeastern Spain, where water scarcity is a major concern. The study provides compelling evidence that the implementation of weed control mesh in orange cultivation can enhance water efficiency, promote healthier plant development, and maintain metabolic stability under variable growing conditions. These results suggest that such agricultural practices could be recommended for broader commercial application in citrus cultivation to improve sustainability and crop profitability.
Some Remarks About Forward and Inverse Modelling in Hydrology, Within a General Conceptual Framework
Authors: Giudici Mauro
Published: November 2024

The solution to inverse problems is crucial for model calibration and to provide a good basis for model results to be reliable. This paper is based on a recently proposed conceptual framework for the development and application of mathematical models that require the solution of forward and inverse problems. The focus of this paper is on the discussion of some terminology related to the results of forward problems and their reanalysis, on the use of the proposed framework to revise and generalise some methods of solutions of the inverse problem, and to provide a non-standard insight in some aspects about the Bayesian approach to model calibration.