bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Managerial levers in cultivating new mental space for business innovation
Authors: Leibold M. , Voelpel S. C. , Tekie E. B.
Published: August 2019

Individuals and organizations have mindsets that reflect how they view themselves and the world around them. Some prominent authors have commented on this phenomenon and its relevance to business innovation. In this article, we refer to these mindsets as ‘mental space’ and define the latter as the way individuals and organizations perceive markets, products, industries, boundaries, strategies and capabilities.A common mental space is often shared inside an organization and among its stakeholders, concerning how they compete in their industry, strategic group, value chains and chosen markets. This collective ‘conventional wisdom’ often perpetuates itself and proves to be ineffective when major discontinuous changes take place in the business environment. Incumbent (industry-established) organizations face the challenge of developing or nurturing new mental space that enables faster innovation inside and across traditional boundaries, especially in an era increasingly characterized by the phenomenon of ‘open’ and ‘networked’ innovation.Despite the fact that recent business literature and prominent authors emphasize the importance of creativity and innovation for organizations in a turbulent environment, there seems to be lack of a clear definition and guidelines for cultivating new mental space for such activities and processes. By drawing from the extant strategic management literature and relevant business examples, this article suggests managerial levers for cultivating new mental space to drive organizational innovation to higher and appropriate levels for its proactive sustainability.
The effect of posture on the role of pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi muscles in expiration in tetraplegia
Authors: Gounden Poobalam
Published: August 2019

This study was designed to. examine the effect of posture on forced expiration as reflected in phasic electromyographic activity in accessory expiratory muscles in tetraplegic subjects with complete lesions between the fifth and eight cervical segments. In order to determine the effect of posture on the action of the clavicular head of the pectoralis major muscle and the latissimus dorsi muscle during forced expiration, the subjects were studied in two test positions, support sitting and supine lying.Electromyographic examination of the above mentioned muscles in eight tetraplegic subjects showed changes in electrical activity in the clavicular portion of the pectoralis major muscle when the subjects were studied in the supine position. Four out of eight subjects showed evidence of an increase in EMG activity in the supine lying position. When the muscle was tested with the patient in the supported sitting position it failed to demonstrate a significant increase in electromyographic activity during forced expiration.We concluded therefore that the role of the clavicular portion of the pectoralis major muscle during expiration in tetraplegia is posture dependent. These findings have important therapeutic implications: specific training programmes to increase the strength and endurance of this muscle should be conducted with the subject in the correct position. The action of the latissimus dorsi muscle was not significantly influenced by the postural changes during forced expiration.
The third Molly Levy lecture: Looking to the future from the past
Authors: Beenhakker J. C.
Published: August 2019

No abstract available.
South African physiotherapists’ perception of rehabilitation
Authors: Eales C. J. , Nowitz L. , Montona B.
Published: August 2019

In response to questions in an editorial comment by L Davids in the South African Journal of Physiotherapy in February 1991, a questionnaire was sent out to 450 physiotherapists to determine their perception and understanding of rehabilitation. Respondents were also requested to define rehabilitation. The questionnaire was completed by 131 physiotherapists, giving a response rate of 29%. On analysis of the questionnaire it became evident that the respondents had a limited and superficial understanding of rehabilitation. Despite this, they were of the opinion that a large percentage of their work involved rehabilitation, and they were in fact, the most important members of the rehabilitation team.In view of the findings of the questionnaire the authors agree with Davids that more attention and effort should be devoted to the “rehabilitation scene”.
The pathogenesis and radiological features of hut lung
Authors: Bateman Eric D. , Stickells David , Goodman Hillel
Published: August 2019

No abstract available.
Posterior circulation positional transient ischaemic attacks due to persistent primitive hypoglossal artery with redundancy
Authors: Hoffmann Michael , Corr Peter
Published: August 2019

A persistent primitive hypoglossal artery was the sole identifiable stroke risk factor for a patient presenting with positional, posterior circulation ischaemic episodes. Diagnosis was made by magnetic resonance arteriography and verified by conventional angiography. Tortuosity and coiling of the hypoglossal artery was also present. Dynamic transcranial Doppler sonography was normal and SPECT brain scanning revealed an area of posterior hemisphere hypoperfusion. Redundancy of the primitive hypoglossal artery is the postulated mechanism of cerebral ischaemia.
Condensing osteitis of the clavicle
Authors: Ooi G. C. , Peh W. C.G
Published: August 2019

Condensing osteitis of the clavicle is a rare benign condition of unknown aetiology which afflicts women of child-bearing age. It is characterised radiologically by sclerosis of the infero-medial aspect of the clavicle, with preservation of the sternoclavicular joint in the early stages of the disease. The clinico-radiological features of this condition are discussed in this review, together with other conditions which resemble this entity.
Tc99m Diphosphonate imaging: Giant cell tumours on MDP scanning
Authors: Sathekge M. M. , Clauss R. P.
Published: August 2019

Ten patients with histologically proven giant cell tumour (biopsy) were imaged with 3-phase bone scanning, using 99m Tc-MDP. The perfusion (Phase I) and uptake (Phase III) were compared to the normal contralateral side and the rest of the skeleton was inspected for other abnormalities. Ninety per cent of lesions showed a doughnut-type pattern of uptake and presented with moderately increased perfusion (2.9 normal ± 0.7) and markedly increased uptake of tracer (7.5 normal ± 1.4). The patient with diffuse uptake had a pathological fracture.
Condensing osteitis of the clavicle
Authors: Van Gelderen W. F.C.
Published: August 2019

No abstract available.
Displacement of Surgical Clips in Patients with Human Acellular Dermal Matrix in the Excision Cavity during Whole Breast Irradiation Following Breast-Conserving Surgery
Authors: Jung Wonguen , Kim Kyubo , Paik Nam Sun
Published: August 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to investigate the displacement of surgical clips in the excision cavity during whole breast irradiation following breast-conserving surgery (BCS) with or without acellular dermal matrix (ADM) insertion, and to analyze clinicopathologic factors associated with the displacement of surgical clips.Materials and MethodsFrom 2016 to 2017, 100 consecutive breast cancer patients who underwent BCS with the placement of surgical clips (superior, inferior, medial, lateral, and deep sides) in the tumor bed were included in this study. All patients took first planning computed tomography (CT) scan (CT 1) before whole breast irradiation and second CT scan (CT 2) before boost irradiation. Between two sets of planning CT, the displacement of surgical clips was calculated from the ΔX (lateral–medial), ΔY (anterior–posterior), ΔZ (superior–inferior), and three-dimensional (3D) directions. Patients were divided into two groups according to the breast volume replacement with ADM: group A with ADM and group B without ADM.ResultsThe means and 1 standard deviations of 3D displacement for superior, inferior, medial, lateral and deep clips were 5.2±2.9, 5.2±3.2, 5.6±4.5, 5.6±4.3, and 4.9±4.9 mm in entire cohort (n=100); 5.6±2.6, 6.0±3.5, 6.7±5.8, 6.7±5.7, and 6.1±7.4 mm in group A (n=38); 4.9±3.1, 4.8±3.0, 5.0±3.5, 5.0±2.9, and 4.3±2.8 mm in group B (n=62), respectively. The 3D displacements of group A were longer than those of group B, but only significant difference was observed in lateral clip (p=0.047).ConclusionThis study demonstrated displacement of surgical clips during whole breast irradiation in patients with ADM insertion. For patients who had breast volume replacement using ADM, adaptive boost planning should be considered.
Variation in KRTAP6-1 affects wool fibre diameter in New Zealand Romney ewes
Authors: Li Wenhao , Gong Hua , Zhou Huitong , Wang Jiqing , Li Shaobin , Liu Xiu , Luo Yuzhu , Hickford Jon G. H.
Published: August 2019

Abstract. Variation in KRTAP6-1 has been reported to affect wool fibre traits in Merino cross-breed
sheep and Chinese Tan sheep, but little is known about whether these effects
persist in other breeds. In this study, variation in KRTAP6-1 was investigated in
290 New Zealand (NZ) Romney ewes sired by 16 different rams. Polymerase chain reaction single-stranded conformational polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) analysis revealed four
variants (A, B, E and F) of KRTAP6-1, and nine genotypes (AA, AB, AE, AF, BB, BE, BF, EE and FF) in these
ewes. Among the 243 ewes that had genotypes with a frequency of over 5 %
(i.e. AA, AB and BB), the presence of A was found to be associated with reduced
mean fibre diameter (MFD) and increased coefficient of variation in fibre
diameter (CVFD), whereas the presence of B had a trend of association with
decreased coarse edge measurement (CEM). A genotype effect was also detected
for MFD and CVFD. No associations were detected for fibre diameter standard
deviation (FDSD), mean fibre curvature (MFC) and medulation. These results
suggest that variation in KRTAP6-1 affects wool fibre diameter in NZ Romney ewes,
confirming the finding in Merino cross-breed sheep.
Aerosol measurement methods to quantify spore emissions from fungi and cryptogamic covers in the Amazon
Authors: Löbs Nina , Barbosa Cybelli G. G. , Brill Sebastian , Walter David , Ditas Florian , de Oliveira Sá Marta , de Araújo Alessandro C. , de Oliveira Leonardo R. , Godoi Ricardo H. M. , Wolff Stefan , Piepenbring Meike , Kesselmeier Jürgen , Artaxo Paulo , Andreae Meinrat O. , Pöschl Ulrich , Pöhlker Christopher , Weber Bettina
Published: August 2019

Abstract. Bioaerosols are considered to play a relevant role in atmospheric processes, but their sources, properties and spatio-temporal distribution in the atmosphere are not yet well characterized. In the Amazon Basin, primary biological aerosol particles (PBAP) account for a large fraction of coarse particulate matter, and fungal spores are among the most abundant PBAP there as well as in other vegetated continental regions. Furthermore, PBAP could also be important ice nuclei in Amazonia. Measurement data on the release of fungal spores under natural conditions are, however, sparse. Here we present an experimental approach to analyze and quantify the spore release from fungi and other spore producing organisms under natural and laboratory conditions. For measurements under natural conditions, the samples were kept in their natural environment and a setup was developed to estimate the spore release numbers and sizes together with the microclimatic factors temperature and air humidity, as well as the mesoclimatic parameters, net radiation, rain, and fog occurrence. For experiments in the laboratory, we developed a cuvette to assess the particle size and number of newly released fungal spores under controlled conditions, simultaneously measuring temperature and relative humidity inside the cuvette. Both approaches were combined with bioaerosol sampling techniques to characterize the released particles by microscopic methods. For fruiting bodies of the basidiomycetous species, Rigidoporus microporus, the model species for which these techniques were tested, the highest frequency of spore release occurred in the range of 62 and 96 % relative humidity. The results obtained for this model species reveal characteristic spore release patterns linked to environmental or experimental conditions, indicating that the moisture status of the sample may be a regulating factor, while temperature and light seem to play a minor role, at least for this species. The presented approach enables systematic studies aimed at the quantification and validation of spore emission rates and inventories, which can be applied to a regional mapping of cryptogamic organisms under given environmental conditions.
Effect of legume intercropping on N2O emission and CH4 uptake during maize production in the Ethiopian Rift valley
Authors: Raji Shimelis G. , Dörsch Peter
Published: August 2019

Abstract. Intercropping with legumes is an important component of climate smart agriculture (CSA) in sub Saharan Africa, but little is known about its effect on soil greenhouse gas (GHG) exchange. A field experiment was established at Hawassa in the Ethiopian rift valley, comparing nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4) fluxes in minerally fertilized maize (64 kg N ha−1) with and without crotalaria (C. juncea) or lablab (L. purpureus) as intercrops over two growing seasons. To study the effect of intercropping time, intercrops were sown either three or six weeks after maize. The legumes were harvested at flowering and half of the above-ground biomass was mulched. In the first season, cumulative N2O emissions were largest in 3-week lablab, with all other treatments being equal or lower than the fertilized maize monocrop. After reducing mineral N input to intercropped systems by 50 % in the second season, N2O emissions were at par with the fully fertilized control. Maize yield-scaled N2O emissions in the first season increased linearly with above-ground legume N-yield (p = 0.01), but not in the second season when early rains resulted in less legume biomass because of shading by maize. Growing season N2O-N emission factors varied from 0.02 to 0.25 and 0.11 to 0.20 % of the estimated total N input in 2015 and 2016, respectively. Growing season CH4 uptake ranged from 1.0 to 1.5 kg CH4-C ha−1 with no significant differences between treatments or years, but setting off the N2O-associated global warming potential by up to 69 %. Our results suggest that high yielding leguminous intercrops entail some risk for increased N2O emissions when used together with recommended fertilization rates, but can replace part of the fertilizer N without compromising maize yields in the following year and thus support CSA goals while intensifying crop production in the region.
A decade of detailed observations (2008–2018) in steep bedrock permafrost at the Matterhorn Hörnligrat (Zermatt, CH)
Authors: Weber Samuel , Beutel Jan , Da Forno Reto , Geiger Alain , Gruber Stephan , Gsell Tonio , Hasler Andreas , Keller Matthias , Lim Roman , Limpach Philippe , Meyer Matthias , Talzi Igor , Thiele Lothar , Tschudin Christian , Vieli Andreas , Vonder Mühll Daniel , Yücel Mustafa
Published: August 2019

Abstract. The PermaSense project is an ongoing interdisciplinary effort between geo-science and engineering disciplines and started in 2006 with the goals of realizing observations that previously have not been possible. Specifically, the aims are to obtain measurements in unprecedented quantity and quality based on technological advances. This paper describes a unique >10-year data record obtained from in situ measurements in steep bedrock permafrost in an Alpine environment on the Matterhorn Hörnligrat, Zermatt, Switzerland, at 3500 ma.s.l. Through the utilization of state-of-the-art wireless sensor technology it was possible to obtain more data of higher quality, make these data available in near real time and tightly monitor and control the running experiments. This data set (https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.897640, Weber et al., 2019a) constitutes the longest, densest and most diverse data record in the history of mountain permafrost research worldwide with 17 different sensor types used at 29 distinct sensor locations consisting of over 114.5 million data points captured over a period of 10 or more years. By documenting and sharing these data in this form we contribute to making our past research reproducible and facilitate future research based on these data, e.g., in the areas of analysis methodology, comparative studies, assessment of change in the environment, natural hazard warning and the development of process models. Finally, the cross-validation of four different data types clearly indicates the dominance of thawing-related kinematics.
Disdrometer measurements under Sense-City rainfall simulator
Authors: Gires Auguste , Bruley Philippe , Ruas Anne , Schertzer Daniel , Tchiguirinskaia Ioulia
Published: August 2019

Abstract. The Hydrology, Meteorology and Complexity laboratory of Ecole des Ponts ParisTech (hmco.enpc.fr) and the Sense-City consortium (http://sense-city.ifsttar.fr/) make available a data set of optical disdrometers measurements coming from a cam-paign that took place in September 2017 under the rainfall simulator of the Sense-City climatic chamber which is located near Paris. Two OTT Parsivel2 were used. The size and velocity of drops falling through the sampling area of the devices of roughly few tens of cm2 is computed by disdrometers. This enables to estimate the drop size distribution and further study rainfall micro-physics or kinetic energy for example. Raw data, i.e. basically a matrix containing a number of drops according to classes of size and velocity, along with more aggregated ones such rain rate or drop size distribution with filtering is available. Link to the data set (Gires et al., 2019): http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3347051.
A parallel workflow implementation for PEST version 13.6 in high-performance computing for WRF-Hydro version 5.0: a case study over the midwestern United States
Authors: Wang Jiali , Wang Cheng , Rao Vishwas , Orr Andrew , Yan Eugene , Kotamarthi Rao
Published: August 2019

Abstract. The Weather Research and Forecasting Hydrological
(WRF-Hydro) system is a state-of-the-art numerical model that models the
entire hydrological cycle based on physical principles. As with other
hydrological models, WRF-Hydro parameterizes many physical processes. Hence,
WRF-Hydro needs to be calibrated to optimize its output with respect to
observations for the application region. When applied to a relatively large
domain, both WRF-Hydro simulations and calibrations require intensive
computing resources and are best performed on multimode, multicore
high-performance computing (HPC) systems. Typically, each physics-based
model requires a calibration process that works specifically with that model
and is not transferrable to a different process or model. The parameter
estimation tool (PEST) is a flexible and generic calibration tool that can
be used in principle to calibrate any of these models. In its existing
configuration, however, PEST is not designed to work on the current
generation of massively parallel HPC clusters. To address this issue, we
ported the parallel PEST to HPCs and adapted it to work with WRF-Hydro. The
porting involved writing scripts to modify the workflow for different
workload managers and job schedulers, as well as to connect
the parallel PEST to WRF-Hydro. To test the operational feasibility and the
computational benefits of this first-of-its-kind HPC-enabled parallel PEST,
we developed a case study using a flood in the midwestern United States in
2013. Results on a problem involving the calibration of 22 parameters show that
on the same computing resources used for parallel WRF-Hydro, the HPC-enabled
parallel PEST can speed up the calibration process by a factor of up to 15
compared with commonly used PEST in sequential mode. The speedup factor is
expected to be greater with a larger calibration problem (e.g., more
parameters to be calibrated or a larger size of study area).
Verification of the regional atmospheric model CCLM v5.0 with
conventional data and Lidar measurements in Antarctica
Authors: Zentek Rolf , Heinemann Günther
Published: August 2019

Abstract. The non-hydrostatic regional climate model CCLM was used for a long-term hindcast run (2002–2016) for the Weddell Sea region with resolutions of 15 and 5 km and two different turbulence parametrizations. CCLM was nested in ERA-Interim data. We prescribed sea-ice concentration from satellite data, and used a thermodynamic sea-ice model. The performance of the model was evaluated in terms of temperature and wind using data from Antarctic stations, AWS over land and sea ice, operational forecast model and reanalyses data, and lidar wind profiles. For the reference run we found a warm bias for the near-surface temperature over the Antarctic plateau. This bias was removed in the second run by adjusting the turbulence parametrization, which results in a more realistic representation of the surface inversion over the plateau. Differences in other regions were small. A comparison with measurements over the sea ice of the Weddell Sea by three AWS buoys for one year showed small biases for temperature around 1 K and for wind speed of 1 m s−1. Comparisons of radio soundings showed a model bias around zero and a RMSE of 1–2 K for temperature and of 3–4 m s−1 for wind speed. The comparison of CCLM simulations at resolutions down to 1 km with wind data from Doppler Lidar measurements during December 2015 and January 2016 yielded almost no bias in wind speed and RMSE of ca. 2 m s−1. Overall CCLM shows a good representation of temperature and wind for the Weddell Sea region. These results encourage for further studies using CCLM data for the regional climate in the Antarctic at high resolutions and the study of atmosphere-ice-ocean interactions processes.
Estimating the economic benefits of high-speed rail in China: A new perspective from the connectivity improvement
Authors: Chong Zhaohui , Qin Chenglin , Chen Zhenhua
Published: August 2019

This paper evaluates the economic benefits of high-speed rail (HSR) in China, with a focus on the connectivity change resulting from HSR development. The effect of HSR, measured in degree centrality, is assessed using a spatial econometric modeling technique based on a panel dataset that covers 268 Chinese cities from 2008-2015. To provide a robust assessment, statistical issues including heterogeneous effects, endogeneity, and spatial dependence are addressed simultaneously in the spatial panel modeling process. Our empirical results confirm that connectivity improvement brought by HSR plays a vital role in facilitating economic growth. Specifically, the contribution of HSR to urban economic growth is found to be 0.11, most of which comes from a local effect rather than a spillover effect. Overall, the research findings suggest that urban economic growth can benefit from the development of HSR.
Analysis of the acceptance of park-and-ride by users: A cumulative logistic regression approach
Authors: Huang Kai , Liu Zhiyuan , Zhu Ting , Kim Inhi , An Kun
Published: August 2019

Park-and-ride (P&R) schemes are an important way of increasing the public transport mode share, which relieves the negative impact caused by excessive automobile usage. Several existing studies have been conducted in the past to explore the factors that can influence the acceptance of P&R by travelers. However, quantitative analyses of the pertinent factors and rates of traveler choice are quite rare. In this paper, the data collected from a survey in Melbourne, Australia, is used to analyze the acceptance of P&R by travelers going to the central business district (CBD). In particular, we explore the influence that specific factors have on the choice of travel by those who are currently using P&R. The results indicate that the parking fee in the CBD area, travel time on public transport, and P&R transfer time affect traveler use of P&R. A quantitative assessment of the impact of these three factors is conducted by using a cumulative logistic regression model. Results reveal that the P&R transfer time has the highest sensitivity while public transport travel time has the least. To maximize the use of P&R facilities and public transport, insights into setting parking fees and designing P&R stations are presented.
Gendered walkability: Building a daytime walkability index for women
Authors: Golan Yael , Wilkinson Nancy , Henderson Jason M , Weverka Aiko
Published: August 2019

Urban walkability is influenced both by built environment features and by pedestrian demographics. Research has shown that factors influencing women’s walking differ from those affecting men’s. Using a mixed-method approach, this study creates a new women-specific, GIS-based walkability index using San Francisco as a case study, and answers two questions: Which variables most influence women’s propensity to walk? And Does the leading walkability index, Walk Score, reflect women’s walkability? Focus group participants (n=17) ranked crime, homelessness and street/sidewalk cleanliness as the three most influencing factors on women’s walkability, accounting for 58% to 67% of the Women’s Walkability Index’s total score. The least walkable areas in San Francisco, according to this index, are rated as some of the most walkable neighborhoods in the city by Walk Score, despite high crime and homelessness density. Walk Score is negatively correlated with the new Women’s Walkability Index (Spearman’s rho = -0.585) and inaccurately represents women’s walkability. If the new index accurately captures the reality of women’s walking, then some of the most widely accepted conventions about what kind of areas promote walking could be inaccurate when it comes to women.
On the accuracy of schedule-based GTFS for measuring accessibility
Authors: Wessel Nate , Farber Steven
Published: August 2019

In this paper we assess the accuracy with which General Transit Feed Specification (GTFS) schedule data can be used to measure accessibility by public transit as it varies over space and time. We use archived Automatic Vehicle Location (AVL) data from four North American transit agencies to produce a detailed reconstruction of actual transit vehicle movements over the course of five days in a format that allows for travel time estimation directly comparable to schedule-based GTFS. With travel times estimated on both schedule-based and retrospective networks, we compute and compare a variety of accessibility measures. We find that origin-based accessibility even when averaged over one-hour periods can vary widely between locations. Origins with lower scheduled access tend to produce less reliable estimates with more variability from hour to hour in real accessibility, while higher access zones seem to converge on an estimate 5-15 percent lower than the schedule predicts. Such over- and under-predictions exhibit strong spatial patterns which should be of concern to those using accessibility metrics in statistical models. Momentary measures of accessibility are briefly discussed and found to be weakly related to momentary changes in real access. These findings bring into question the validity of some recent applications of GTFS data and point the way toward more robust methods for calculating accessibility.
Review of Vincent's Theories de l'etat et problemes coloinaux (XVIe-XVIIIe siecle)
Authors: Corcoran Paul
Published: August 2019

A review of Gregoire Vincent's Theories de l'etat et problemes coloniaux (XVIe-XVIIIe siecle) (Paris: Honore Champion).
Ownership Hierarchy and Cash Holding: A Study From Pakistan
Authors: Safdar Muhammad Nabeel , Lin Tian , Tanchangya Papel , Amin Saba
Published: August 2019

This study aims to investigate the impact of the ownership hierarchy on the retention of cash. Ownership structure has dissimilar from each organization as some firms have surplus cash holdings and some firms have fewer cash holdings. This study examines the pattern of shareholding in Pakistan and its consequences on holding of cash. Trade-off theory, peaking-order theory, and agency theory have already hashed out the sensation between cash holding and ownership structure. Fixed Redundant likelihood test, Hausman Test and Panel Data Regression model are used to compute the final results. This study involves 74 non-financial firms to investigate the prime effects. The data have been taken from the biggest database of Karachi Stock Exchange (KSE) 100 index Pakistan and company financial reports from the period 2006 to 2017. Significant findings of this paper are based on two different research questions. First, how the pattern of shareholding has an impact on the decision of cash holding? Second, how the boundaries of the firm affect cash holding? These findings imply that cash holding and ownership structure are a vital element of the firm’s financial policy. This paper concludes that there is a negative and substantial relationship between cash holding and the pattern of shareholdings and the boundaries of the firm have an imperative effect on the holding of cash.
The Future of Madre de Dios
Authors: Vanthomme Hadrien , Sánchez-Cuervo Ana María , Gárate Paola , Bravo Adriana , Dallmeier Francisco
Published: August 2019

Madre de Dios in Peru is one of the most biodiverse regions on Earth, and it is a central piece for connecting protected areas within the Vilcabamba–Amboro Conservation Corridor. As revealed with satellite imagery, the exceptional landscape of Madre de Dios is threatened by unplanned development along the Interoceanic Highway, which bisects the region from north to south. Land-use changes in the last 25 years have reduced landscape connectivity and degraded the ecosystem services on which Madre de Dios’s inhabitants rely. The Smithsonian Center for Conservation and Sustainability developed a new tool to help Madre de Dios’s stakeholders define a common vision for the future of their region: the Smithsonian Working Landscape Simulator. The Future of Madre de Dios presents the framework and implementation of this participatory, holistic, and quantitative tool. The study contemplates four scenarios of future changes for the region: current trends, expansion of alluvial gold mining, land planning, and landscape conservation. The land-cover changes expected under each scenario until 2040 are modelled, and the resulting landscapes are evaluated for 15 indicators of success, covering economic prosperity, human well-being, and environmental integrity. This book illustrates the results from these analyses and presents recommendations that will contribute to the promotion of sustainable development in Madre de Dios.
Modeling Nonlinear Transfer Functions from Speech Envelopes to Encephalography with Neural Networks
Authors: Taillez Tobias de , Denk Florian , Mirkovic Bojana , Kollmeier Birger , Meyer Bernd T.
Published: August 2019

Diferent linear models have been proposed to establish a link between an auditory stimulus and the neurophysiological response obtained through electroencephalography (EEG). We investigate if non-linear mappings can be modeled with deep neural networks trained on continuous speech envelopes and EEG data obtained in an auditory attention two-speaker scenario. An artificial neural network was trained to predict the EEG response related to the attended and unattended speech envelopes. After training, the properties of the DNN-based model are analyzed by measuring the transfer function between input envelopes and predicted EEG signals by using click-like stimuli and frequency sweeps as input patterns. Using sweep responses allows to separate the linear and nonlinear response components also with respect to attention. The responses from the model trained on normal speech resemble event-related potentials despite the fact that the DNN was not trained to reproduce such patterns. These responses are modulated by attention, since we obtain significantly lower amplitudes at latencies of 110 ms, 170 ms and 300 ms after stimulus presentation for unattended processing in contrast to the attended. The comparison of linear and nonlinear components indicates that the largest contribution arises from linear processing (75%), while the remaining 25% are attributed to nonlinear processes in the model. Further, a spectral analysis showed a stronger 5 Hz component in modeled EEG for attended in contrast to unattended predictions. The results indicate that the artificial neural network produces responses consistent with recent findings and presents a new approach for quantifying the model properties.
Is iron deficiency involved in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory skin disorders?
Authors: Ponikowska Małgorzata , Szepietowski Jacek C.
Published: August 2019

Iron is an essential microelement in the human body due to its role in hematopoiesis, involvement in energetic processes, synthesis and decomposition of lipids, proteins and nuclear acids. Iron deficiency (ID) is common in healthy populations and also frequently coincides with natural course of chronic diseases. The former is typically present when the overall iron body storages are exhausted (absolute ID), most often due to insufficient iron supply, malabsorption or increased blood loss and coincides with anemia. The latter is a result of defected iron metabolism and reflects a condition, when despite adequate iron stores in the body, iron itself is trapped in the reticuloendothelial system, becoming unavailable for the metabolic processes. It typically occurs in the presence proinflammtory activation in chronic conditions such as chronic kidney disease, inflammatory bowel disorders, malignancies and heart failure.
To date there are very few publications concerning the potential role of ID in chronic dermatological disorders. We have recently found that patients with psoriasis demonstrate pattern of ID which can be characterized by negative tissue iron balance with depleted iron stores in the body. Interestingly, presence of ID was not related to the severity of psoriasis, but rather determined by patients low body mass index. We are currently investigating the hypothesis that derangements in iron metabolism resulting in ID can be also present in hidradenitis suppurativa – the other chronic dermatologic disease associated with inflammatory and autoimmune activation.
AVALIAÇÃO DA IMPLANTAÇÃO DE UM ERP EM UMA EMPRESA PÚBLICA: ESTUDO DE CASO NA EPAMIG
Authors: De Aguiar Diniz Mateus Henrique , Arantes Carvalho Adriane Maria
Published: August 2019

Atualmente os sistemas ERP têm fundamental importância na arquitetura de informação da maioria das empresas do setor privado. Os sistemas de gestão integrado podem ser vistos como uma ferramenta que organiza o fluxo de informações entre as diferentes atividades da empresa, facilitando a integração da informação e dos processos. Muitos estudos analisaram o processo de implantação dos sistemas ERP em empresas privadas, entretanto, poucas pesquisas têm-se dedicado à avaliação da implantação de sistemas ERP em empresas públicas. Assim, o principal objetivo deste artigo é avaliar a implantação de um sistema integrado de gestão na Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuária de Minas Gerais (EPAMIG), destacando os cenários antes e depois da implantação do sistema ERP. Foi realizado um estudo de caso e a coleta de dados utilizou entrevistas e questionários. De acordo com os resultados, evidenciou-se que um sistema ERP trouxe melhorias significativas para o processo de requisição de materiais, com informações exatas e atualizadas, integração das informações entre os setores e a minimização do retrabalho. No entanto, foi identificada a dificuldade dos usuários em aprender a utilizar o sistema o que aponta para uma eventual falha no treinamento. Sugere-se que a organização estudada reveja a sua política de treinamento e de suporte, com a criação de instrumentos que permitam o registro e a solução dos problemas mais frequentes.
Jugendstrafe wegen Schwere der Schuld – Notanker oder Achillesferse?
Authors: Beulke Werner
Published: August 2019

Die Bedeutung des Erziehungsprinzips für die Verhängung und Bemessung einer wegen Schwere der Schuld zu verhängenden Jugendstrafe ist umstritten. Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird für den Regelfall ein Nebeneinander der Erziehungserfordernisse und des Schuldausgleichs bejaht, für den Bereich besonders schwerer Schuld jedoch dafür plädiert, ausnahmsweise von der erzieherischen Notwendigkeit der Verhängung der Jugendstrafe absehen zu können. Diese Fallgruppe sollte aber - entgegen neuerer Verflachungstendenzen in der BGH-Rechtsprechung - auf schwerste Kriminalität (i.d.R. bei zu verhängender Jugendstrafe ab 5 Jahren) beschränkt werden.
Holes in Spacetime: Some Neglected Essentials
Authors: Teitel Trevor ,   Journal of Philosophy Inc.
Published: August 2019

The hole argument purports to show that all spacetime theories of a certain form are indeterministic, including General Relativity. The argument has sparked an industry of searching for a metaphysics of spacetime with the right modal implications to rescue determinism. In this paper, I first argue that certain prominent replies to the hole argument—namely, those that appeal to an essentialist doctrine about spacetime—fail to deliver the requisite modal implications. My argument involves showing that threats to determinism like the hole argument are more general than has heretofore been recognized. I then propose a novel essentialist doctrine about spacetime that successfully rescues determinism, what I call sufficiency metric essentialism. However, I ultimately argue that this doctrine is independently problematic, and teaches us that no essentialist doctrine about spacetime can succeed. I close by suggesting some lessons for future work on spacetime and the metaphysics of physics more broadly, and also drawing some morals for contemporary metaphysics, in particular about whether essence can be used to articulate a precise structuralist doctrine, and the relationship between essence and modality.
Beyond Kant’s Political Cosmopolitanism
Authors: Chen Xunwu ,   DePaul University
Published: August 2019

Kant bequeaths to the present discourse of cosmopolitanism the question of how a constitutionalized global order without a world state is possible. At the core of the matter is what a legitimate public authority as the necessary enactor of the cosmopolitan sovereignty is. Habermas’s answer that this is a three-tiered, networked realm of public authority is a plausible one. The key to Habermas’s answer is the concept of a political constitution for a pluralist world. If such a constitution is possible, I believe that we need a new concept of constitution as a body politic of norms, statute laws, common laws, legal precedents, and international treaties; on this point, we should take the UK constitution as the paradigm and recognize that since the end of World War II, such a body politic of norms, statute laws, common laws, legal precedents, and international treaties of the global human community has been emerging.
Trogonoptera brookiana mollumar d’Abrera, Doggett & Parker, 1976 (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae), a subspecies or a synonym?
Authors: Phon Chooi-Khim , Kirton Laurence G. , Norma-Rashid Yusoff
Published: August 2019

The birdwing butterfly Trogonoptera brookiana (Wallace, 1855) is a well-known conservation icon, yet questions remain about the infraspecific status of regional populations. The eastern Peninsular Malaysian population has been described as the subspecies mollumar d’Abrera, Doggett & Parker, 1976, but its status as a subspecies distinguishable from the taxon trogon (Vollenhoven, 1860) in Sumatra has been disputed. Wing characters and measurements of specimens from the two regions were therefore examined quantitatively using discriminant function and correspondence analyses. Eastern Peninsular specimens differ on average from Sumatran specimens in having more extensive green, especially in the female. This is reflected in many of the measurements and characters analysed. Females from the Peninsula also have a characteristically blacker upperside ground colour in which the outer areas of both wings barely contrast with the black veins and forewing cell. The extent of these differences enables a reliable differentiation of the females of both regions. The magnitude and consistency of differences are comparable to that between other subspecies of undisputed status. Behavioural differences also exist. The name mollumar therefore merits subspecific status. In addition, we consider the male forms walshi Haugum & Low, 1982 and walshoides Haugum & Low, 1982 to be chemically discoloured specimens of trogon rather than biological forms.
REP-PCR analisis of single agent of cucumber bacterial diseases
Authors: Dankevych L. A.
Published: August 2019

Aim. For the purpose of correct species identification and estimation of population’s heterogeneity, the fingerprinting of the genome of isolated by us Pectobacterium sp., collection «Erwinia toxica» strains and typical representatives of certain species of Pectobacterium and Diskeya genera has been carried out. Methods. In the course of research, microbiological, molecular genetic (REP-PCR), mathematical-statistical methods of research were used. Results. On the basic of BOX, REP and ERIC profiles the significant affinity between isolated Pectobacterium sp. and collections «Erwinia toxica» strains with the typical P. carotovorum susp. carotovorum UCM B1075T has been established. Genetic heterogeneity of isolated Pectobacterium sp. and collections «Erwinia toxica» strains has been estimated. Conclusions. It has been found the significant relationship between isolates Pectobacterium sp. and the collection «Erwinia toxica» strains with the typical strain P. carotovorum susp carotovorum UCM B1075T on the basic of their BOX, REP and ERIC profiles. Most likely, this indicates that they belong to this species. The genetic homogeneity of isolated Pectobacterium sp. strains of and the genetic heterogeneity of the collection «Erwinia toxica» strains is probably due to the plant’s selection from similar or different region.Keywords: identification, genetic heterogeneity, REPPCR, «Erwinia toxica», Pectobacterium sp.
Meiosis analysis in soft winter wheat varieties — carriers of wheat-rye translocations 1BL.1RS and 1AL.1RS
Authors: Lyalko I. I. , Dubrovna O. V. , Morgun B. V.
Published: August 2019

Aim. Investigation of the features of the meiosis flow in winter wheat varieties — carriers wheat-rye translocations 1BL.1RS and 1AL.1RS. Methods. A comparative analysis of the meiosis flow in winter wheat varieties, the carriers of various translocations, was carried out using the method of temporary pressure preparations. Results. The frequency and spectrum of meiosis anomalies in introgressive winter wheat varieties with wheat-rye translocations 1BL.1RS and 1AL.1RS are established. The variability of the frequency of violations at different stages of microsporogenesis in the carrier classes of a certain translocation is shown, which may be due to a different period of stabilization of their genomes. It was found that the frequency of violations in varieties with different translocations did not exceed 10 %, which is normal for stable introgressive varieties. Conclusions. It was found that in all stages of microsporogenesis in the number of cells with violations and their spectrum, varieties with translocation of 1BL.1RS are slightly different from those with translocation of 1AL.1RS. Keywords: bread winter wheat, translocations 1BL.1RS and 1AL.1RS, meiotic flow.
Introduction into in vitro culture and cytogenetic analysis of Iris attica Boiss. & Heldr. and Iris pseudopumila Tineo plants
Authors: Twardovska M. O. , Andreev I. O. , Kunakh V. A.
Published: August 2019

Aim. The work was aimed at the development of conditions for introduction into in vitro culture of two species of irises, Iris attica and I. pseudopumila to obtain aseptic seedlings with subsequent reintroduction into natural environment, as well as at cytogenetic analysis of the obtained plants. Methods. In vitro seed germination and seedling cultivation. Cytogenetic analysis of cells of root meristem, determination of chromosome number and morphology in mitotic metaphase plates, anaphase analysis. Results. The plants of I. attica and I. pseudopumila were introduced in vitro. Aseptic seedlings were obtained, which were actively growing on MS/2 medium without phytohormones. The experiments on the adaptation of the plants to greenhouse conditions revealed the high survival rate for both species. The chromosome number 2n = 16 was established for the obtained plants of both I. attica and I. pseudopumila. Mixoploidy was detected in root meristem of some of the plants, the incidence of which was 10.9 % for I. pseudopumila and 30.4 % for I. attica. The frequency of cells with chromosomal rearrangements revealed by anaphase analysis in root meristem of I. pseudopumila seedlings was 2.6 %; in I. attica plants, chromosome aberrations were not detected. Conclusions. The plants of I. attica and I. pseudopumila were introduced into in vitro culture, aseptic seedlings were obtained, which showed a high survival level when adapted to greenhouse conditions. Chromosome number 2n = 16 was established for the obtained plants of both species. The root apical meristems of the seedlings were found to be mixoploid, with the incidence of mixoploidy in I. attica identified as three times higher than in I. pseudopumila plants.Keywords: I. attica Boiss. & Heldr., I. pseudopumila Tineo, aseptic seedlings, mixoploidy, anaphase aberration.
Polymorphism in the short arm of 1R rye chromosomes in wheat lines with 1RS.1BL translocation and 1R(1B) substitution from different sources
Authors: Toporash M. K. , Motsnyy I. I. , Börner A. , Sourdille P. , Chebotar S. V.
Published: August 2019

Aim. The short arm of 1R rye (Secale cereale L.) chromosome is widely used in the breeding of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), in particular 1RS.1BL, to introsgress genes of resistance to leaf (Lr26), stem (Sr31), striped (Yr9) rusts, as well as powdery mildew (Pm8); 1RS.1AL carries Gb2/Gb6 resistance genes to the wheat aphid (Schizaphis graminum Rondani), powdery mildew (Pm17), and the Cmc4 resistance gene to the Aceria tosichella Koifer mite, which is a vector for spreading of wheat mosaic virus. The aim of the research is to reveal molecular genetic polymorphisms of short arm rye 1RS chromosomes of different origins in bread wheat lines with 1RS.1BL translocation or 1R(1B) substitution from different sources. Methods. Genetic polymorphism of lines was analyzed by using PCR with a number of rye and wheat microsatellite markers. Results. It was shown that the CWXs line has a recombinant 1RS arm that contains the chromosomes parts of 1RS of the parental lines H242/97-2 and H273/97, due to crossover event, which led to the recombination of marked loci. Conclusions. Molecular genetic polymorphism has been reviled in 1RS.1BL translocations and 1R substituted rye chromosomes of different origins in H242/97-2, CWXs, H273/97, PavonMA1, Salmon lines, as there are different alleles present at loci: Xscm9, Xtsm422, Xgwm752, Xgwm18, Taglgap. Keywords: polymorphism, 1RS.1BL translocation, PCR analysis, microsatellites markers.
Gardnerella vaginalis, from the Vaginal Microbiota to Prosthetic Joint Infection
Authors: Thomas Marion , Zeller Valérie , Heym Beate , Meyssonnier Vanina , Marmor Simon , Ziza Jean-Marc
Published: August 2019

Abstract. We describe two cases of chronic Gardnerella vaginalis prosthetic hip infections, in an immunocompetent postmenopausal woman and a young immunocompromised woman. G. vaginalis was also isolated from the genital tract, suggesting hematogenous spread of the bacterium. Outcomes were favorable after one-stage exchange arthroplasty and prolonged antibiotic therapy.