bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Massive donors in interacting binaries: effect of metallicity
Authors: Klencki Jakub , Nelemans Gijs , Istrate Alina G. , Pols Onno
Published: April 2020

Metallicity is known to significantly affect the radial expansion of a massive star: the lower the metallicity, the more compact the star, especially during its post-main sequence evolution. Our goal is to study this effect in the context of binary evolution. Using the stellar-evolution code MESA, we computed evolutionary tracks of massive stars at six different metallicities between 1.0 Z⊙ and 0.01 Z⊙. We explored variations of factors known to affect the radial expansion of massive stars (e.g., semiconvection, overshooting, or rotation). Using observational constraints, we find support for an evolution in which already at a metallicity Z ≈ 0.2 Z⊙ massive stars remain relatively compact (∼100 R⊙) during the Hertzprung-gap (HG) phase and most of their expansion occurs during core-helium burning (CHeB). Consequently, we show that metallicity has a strong influence on the type of mass transfer evolution in binary systems. At solar metallicity, a case-B mass transfer is initiated shortly after the end of the main sequence, and a giant donor is almost always a rapidly expanding HG star. However, at lower metallicity, the parameter space for mass transfer from a more evolved, slowly expanding CHeB star increases dramatically. This means that envelope stripping and formation of helium stars in low-metallicity environments occurs later in the evolution of the donor, implying a shorter duration of the Wolf-Rayet phase (even by an order of magnitude) and higher final core masses. This metallicity effect is independent of the effect of metallicity-dependent stellar winds. At metallicities Z ≤ 0.04 Z⊙, a significant fraction of massive stars in binaries with periods longer than 100 days engages in the first episode of mass transfer very late into their evolution, when they already have a well-developed CO core. The remaining lifetime (≲104 yr) is unlikely to be long enough to strip the entire H-rich envelope. Cases of unstable mass transfer leading to a merger would produce CO cores that spin fast at the moment of collapse. We find that the parameter space for mass transfer from massive donors (> 40 M⊙) with outer convective envelopes is extremely small or even nonexistent. We briefly discuss this finding in the context of the formation of binary black hole mergers.
Dynamical cloud formation traced by atomic and molecular gas
Authors: Beuther H. , Wang Y. , Soler J. , Linz H. , Henshaw J. , Vazquez-Semadeni E. , Gomez G. , Ragan S. , Henning Th. , Glover S. C. O. , Lee M.-Y. , Güsten R.
Published: April 2020

Context.Atomic and molecular cloud formation is a dynamical process. However, kinematic signatures of these processes are still observationally poorly constrained.

Aims.We identify and characterize the cloud formation signatures in atomic and molecular gas.

Methods.Targeting the cloud-scale environment of the prototypical infrared dark cloud G28.3, we employed spectral line imaging observations of the two atomic lines HI and [CI] as well as molecular lines observations in13CO in the 1–0 and 3–2 transitions. The analysis comprises investigations of the kinematic properties of the different tracers, estimates of the mass flow rates, velocity structure functions, a histogram of oriented gradients (HOG) study, and comparisons to simulations.

Results.The central infrared dark cloud (IRDC) is embedded in a more diffuse envelope of cold neutral medium traced by HI self-absorption and molecular gas. The spectral line data as well as the HOG and structure function analysis indicate a possible kinematic decoupling of the HI from the other gas compounds. Spectral analysis and position–velocity diagrams reveal two velocity components that converge at the position of the IRDC. Estimated mass flow rates appear rather constant from the cloud edge toward the center. The velocity structure function analysis is consistent with gas flows being dominated by the formation of hierarchical structures.

Conclusions.The observations and analysis are consistent with a picture where the IRDC G28.3 is formed at the center of two converging gas flows. While the approximately constant mass flow rates are consistent with a self-similar, gravitationally driven collapse of the cloud, external compression (e.g., via spiral arm shocks or supernova explosions) cannot be excluded yet. Future investigations should aim at differentiating the origin of such converging gas flows.
Hadronic vacuum polarization: three-pion channel
Authors: Hoid Bai-Long , Hoferichter Martin , Kubis Bastian
Published: April 2020

The 3π-channel contribution to hadronic vacuum polarization (HVP) in the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon (g−2)µ is examined based on a dispersive representation of the γ* → 3π amplitude. This decay amplitude is reconstructed from dispersion relations, fulfilling the low-energy theorem of QCD. The global fit function is applied to the data sets of the 3π channel below 1.8 GeV, which constitutes the secondlargest exclusive contribution to HVP and its uncertainty. The dominant ωand φ-peak regions in the e+e− → 3π cross section as well as the non-resonant regions are precisely described to obtain our best estimate. The final result, $ a_\mu ^{3\pi }\left| { \le 1.8\,{\rm{GeV}}\,{\rm{ = }}\,{\rm{46}}{\rm{.2(6)(6)}} \times {\rm{1}}{{\rm{0}}^{ - 10}}} \right. $, reduces the model dependence owing to the fundamental principles of analyticity and unitarity and provides a cross check for the compatibility of the different e+e− → 3π data sets.

A combination of the current analysis and the recent similar treatment of the 2π channel yields a dispersive determination of almost 80% of the entire HVP contribution. Our analysis reaffirms the muon anomaly at 3.4σ level, when the rest of the contributions is taken from the literature.
Status of the Mu2e experiment at Fermilab
Authors: Miscetti Stefano
Published: April 2020

The Mu2e experiment aims to improve, by four orders of magnitude, current sensitivity in the search for the charged-lepton flavor violating (cLFV) neutrino-less conversion of a negative muon into an electron. The conversion process will be identified by a distinctive signature of a mono-energetic electron with energy slightly below the muon rest mass. In the Standard Model this process has a negligible rate. However, in many Beyond the Standard Model scenarios its rate is within the reach of Mu2e sensitivity. In this paper, we explain the Mu2e design guidelines and summarize the status of the experiment.
Dispersion relations for hadronic light-by-light and the muon g − 2
Authors: Procura Massimiliano , Colangelo Gilberto , Hoferichter Martin , Stoffer Peter
Published: April 2020

The largest uncertainties in the Standard Model calculation of the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon (g−2)µ come from hadronic effects, namely hadronic vacuum polarization (HVP) and hadronic lightby-light (HLbL) contributions. Especially the latter is emerging as a potential roadblock for a more accurate determination of (g−2)µ. The main focus here is on a novel dispersive description of the HLbL tensor, which is based on unitarity, analyticity, crossing symmetry, and gauge invariance. This opens up the possibility of a data-driven determination of the HLbL contribution to (g−2)µ with the aim of reducing model dependence and achieving a reliable error estimate.

Our dispersive approach defines unambiguously the pion-pole and the pion-box contribution to the HLbL tensor. Using Mandelstam double-spectral representation, we have proven that the pion-box contribution coincides exactly with the one-loop scalar-QED amplitude, multiplied by the appropriate pion vector form factors. Using dispersive fits to high-statistics data for the pion vector form factor, we obtain $ \alpha _\mu ^{\pi {\rm{ - box}}} = - 15.9(2) \times {10^{ - 11}} $. A first model-independent calculation of effects of ππ intermediate states that go beyond the scalar-QED pion loop is also presented. We combine our dispersive description of the HLbL tensor with a partial-wave expansion and demonstrate that the known scalar-QED result is recovered after partial-wave resummation. After constructing suitable input for the γ*γ* → ππ helicity partial waves based on a pion-pole left-hand cut (LHC), we find that for the dominant charged-pion contribution this representation is consistent with the two-loop chiral prediction and the COMPASS measurement for the pion polarizability. This allows us to reliably estimate S-wave rescattering effects to the full pion box and leads to $ \alpha _\mu ^{\pi {\rm{ - box}}} + \alpha _{\mu ,J = 0}^{\pi \pi ,\pi {\rm{ - pole}}\,{\rm{LHC}}} = - 24(1) \times {10^{ - 11}} $.
30 years of moving individual atoms
Authors: Lutz Christopher , Gross Leo
Published: April 2020

In the thirty years since atoms were first positioned individually, the atom-moving capability of scanning probe microscopes has grown to employ a wide variety of atoms and small molecules, yielding custom nanostructures that show unique electronic, magnetic and chemical properties.
Morbus Jüngling – Ostitis cystoides
multiplex
Authors: llgner Ulrich
Published: April 2020

Beim Morbus Jüngling handelt es sich eine seltene knöcherne Manifestation einer
chronischen Sarkoidose im Bereich der Knochen. Es kommt zu einer multiplen
Zystenbildungen mit erhöhter Frakturanfälligkeit der betroffenen Knochen
abhängig von der Lokalisation der Zysten. In der Literatur existieren nur wenige
systematische Publikationen zu diesem Thema. Eine kausale Therapie ist nicht
etabliert, obwohl es Publikationen über den Benefit extrapulmonaler
Manifestationen einer Sarkoidose unter bDMARD-Therapie gibt. Es wird die
Kasuistik einer 83-jährigen Patientin geschildert, die im Rahmen einer schon
1966 diagnostizierten und behandelten Sarkoidose bei einem bis dato nicht
diagnostizierten M. Jüngling eine pathologische Fraktur des Skaphoids
erlitt.
Drug-Drug Interactions Between Lithium and Cardiovascular as Well as Anti-Inflammatory Drugs
Authors: Scherf-Clavel Maike , Treiber Susanne , Deckert Jürgen , Unterecker Stefan , Hommers Leif
Published: April 2020

Introduction Lithium is the gold standard in treating bipolar affective disorders. As patients become increasingly older, drug-drug interactions leading to decreased excretion of lithium represent a key issue in lithium safety. As no study considered the effect of comedications on lithium serum concentration in combination, we aimed to quantify the impact of drugs affecting renal blood flow and function and thus potentially interacting drugs (diuretics, ACE inhibitors, AT1 antagonists, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) on lithium serum levels in addition to age, sex, and sodium and potassium serum levels as well as renal function.

Methods Retrospective data of lithium serum levels were analyzed in 501 psychiatric inpatients (2008–2015) by means of linear regression modelling.

Results The number of potentially interacting drugs was significantly associated with increasing serum levels of lithium in addition to the established factors of age, renal function, and sodium concentration. Additionally, absolute lithium levels were dependent on sex, with higher values in females. However, only NSAIDs were identified to increase lithium levels independently.

Discussion Routine clinical practice needs to focus on drugs affecting renal blood flow and function, especially on NSAIDs as over-the-counter medication that may lead to an increase in lithium serum concentration. To prevent intoxications, clinicians should carefully monitor the comedications, and they should inform patients about possible intoxications due to NSAIDs.
DEVELOPMENT AND PSYCHOMETRIC EVALUATION OF THE TOOL APTITUDE TOWARDS NURSING
Authors: Andrade Maxie , George Anice
Published: April 2020

Nursing is an attribute expected of every living being and every living being is capable of providing care to another in need. Few occasions especially the sickness, unawareness or disability call for special skills of nursing to substitute or supplement to the acute or chronic need of a living being. These skills can be acquired only through special training through a well planned curriculum. Hence in modern medicine, a group of health care providers called nurses are trained to care for the sick and the needy.

Nursing profession has been the attraction for many young adults, however, this attraction has become the passion for some, while for few others, it is still an occupation. The transformation into an effective nurse demands special psychomotor abilities. The transformation is easier and can happen at a faster pace if one possesses an aptitude towards nursing. This assumption led the researcher to develop a tool to identify such able candidates for the profession of nursing. This article explores researcher's two attempts in developing the tool, which were though not fruitful, they certainly have given an impression on the complexity of the measurement of the construct of nursing and caring.
Vestibular Test Results of a Patient with Cerebral Microangiopathy and Idiopathic Thrombocytopenia
Authors: Myers Bre , Creegan Deirdre , Hoyos Elisa
Published: April 2020

Abstract Background Cerebral microangiopathy (CM) is a general term for small ischemic changes related to small blood vessels in the brain. Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is a rare acquired autoimmune disease that is characterized by low platelet count and increased
risk of hemorrhage. We describe vestibular testing completed on a 64-year-old patient with CM and ITP presenting with complaints of general instability and listing while walking, decreased stability in dark environments, and blurred vision with head movement. Results indicated a severe loss
of horizontal semicircular canal function bilaterally with a somatosensory-dependent pattern of postural instability. Purpose This case emphasizes the importance of vestibular testing to determine the level of involvement of the vestibular system in the patient's symptomatology
with known CM. Due to the increased risk of severe injury in those with ITP and the unknown effects this may have on the vestibular and balance systems, what is known about the pathophysiology of ITP and possible implications are reviewed. Research Design Case report. Data
Collection and Analysis Previous audiological and medical records were obtained. Vestibular testing included videonystagmography; video head impulse test (vHIT); rotational chair including sinusoidal harmonic acceleration (SHA), step velocity, SHA with fixation, and visual vestibular
SHA; computerized dynamic posturography battery including sensory organization test (SOT), motor control test, and adaptation test. Results Audiological evaluation indicated a mild to moderately severe sensorineural hearing loss bilaterally. Ocular motor evaluation results
indicated abnormal “cog-wheel” like tracings in smooth pursuit, hypometric saccades with abnormally increased latencies and reduced optokinetic gain. The patient also demonstrated apogeotropic nystagmus during head/body right and head/body left positions when fixation was denied.
Bilateral bithermal calorics indicated a bilateral hypofunction. Horizontal vHIT results indicated reduced gain bilaterally. SHA results confirmed significant gain reductions at all frequencies tested and step velocity results indicated reduced gain and reduced time constants during all prerotary
and postrotary measures. SOT results indicated a somatosensory-dependent pattern (i.e., reduced equilibrium index scores and falls in conditions 4, 5, and 6). Conclusions These findings emphasize the importance of comprehensive vestibular evaluations of patients with CM, ITP,
and complaints of instability. Identification and quantification of residual peripheral vestibular function as well as central system involvement can provide significant information pertinent to falls risk reduction and vestibular rehabilitation strategies, outcomes, and goals.
Auditory Gating in Hearing Loss
Authors: Campbell Julia , Nielsen Mashhood , Bean Connor , LaBrec Alison
Published: April 2020

Abstract Background Sensory gating is a measure used to evaluate inhibitory deficits underlying neurological disorders. However, the effects of hearing loss (HL), thought to decrease inhibition, remain unknown on gating function. Purpose The goal
of this study was to investigate gating performance in HL. Research Design This was a prospective, cross-sectional study with independent group comparison and correlational design. Study Sample Eleven adults (mean age/standard deviation = 47.546 ± 7.967
years) with normal hearing (NH) and 11 adults (mean age/standard deviation = 56.273 ± 13.871 years) with mild‐moderate high-frequency HL. Data Collection and Analysis Cortical auditory evoked potentials (CAEPs) were recorded in response
to tonal pairs via high-density electroencephalography. The CAEP response to the second tone in the pair (S2) was compared with the response to the first tone in the pair (S1) within groups. Amplitude gating indices were compared between groups and correlated with auditory behavioral measures.
Current density reconstructions were performed to estimate cortical gating generators. Results Amplitude gating indices were decreased and correlated with elevated auditory thresholds. Gating generators in temporal, frontal, and prefrontal regions were localized in the NH group,
while HL gating was localized in mainly temporal and parietal areas. Conclusions Reduced inhibition may be associated with compensatory cortical gating networks in HL and should be considered when utilizing gating in clinical populations.
To Determine the Anteroposterior Position of Incisors in Relation to Points A and B on Cephalogram and Study Models in North Indian Population
Authors: Bhullar Mandeep K. , Chaudhary Priyanka , Mittal Sanjay , Aggarwal Isha , Goyal Merry , Palkit Tanzin
Published: April 2020

Introduction This study aimed to determine the upper and lower incisors to points A and B on lateral cephalogram and study model in North Indian population. This article evaluated the present relationship of upper and lower incisors position to point A and B on the cephalogram and studied the model as a diagnostic tool for orthodontic treatment planning.

Materials and Methods The study included 32 patients, aged 15 to 25 years. The sample was divided into two groups as group I (n = 32, cephalometric analysis) and group II (n = 32, study model analysis) of the same patient. In group I incisors position was related to points A and B on the cephalograms and in group II incisors position was related to points A and B on study model by using transparent grid.

Results As per Indian norms, outcome mean value for cephalometric norms was 6.3 and 3.2 mm and for study model norms was 4 and 1.3 mm. Statistically significant differences (p < 0.002) were observed for mandibular incisor position on cephalograms and for maxillary incisors (p < 0.001) on study casts when compared with Chile sample norm.

Conclusion The anteroposterior position of upper and lower incisors in relation to points A and B on cephalogram and casts has been determined in North Indian patients.
Einkäufer-Blog: Ein Virus bedroht die Versorgungssicherheit im Krankenhaus
Authors: Müller Rüdiger
Published: April 2020

Durch die Ausbreitung des Coronavirus wird der Klinikeinkauf derzeit zum Balanceakt zwischen Versorgungssicherheit und gestiegenen Einkaufspreisen aufgrund von Lieferengpässen.
Mehr Zeit für die Kernaufgaben der Pflegefachkräfte: Verbesserung der Logistik im Bereich der sekundären Dienste
Authors: Koch Kathrin
Published: April 2020

Krankenhäuser setzen immer mehr auf den Ausbau der sekundären Dienste, welche die pflegefremden Tätigkeiten übernehmen. Im Artikel werden die Schritte zur Einführung eines vollautomatischen Logistikprogramms im Akutkrankenhaus St. Vincenz-Krankenhaus Paderborn und die Restrukturierung aller Aufgaben der sekundären Dienste dargestellt. Es werden die Unterschiede der Situation vorher und nachher aufgezeigt, ebenso wie die Projektorganisation, mögliche Fallstricke und die Entwicklung des Bereiches.
Correlating polar distortions and interfacial charge at the polar/non-polar LaCrO3/SrTiO3 (001) interface
Authors: Al-Tawhid A. H. , Kumah D. P.
Published: April 2020

The relationship between the sheet carrier concentration, ns, of LaCrO3(LCO)/SrTiO3(STO) heterostructures and their structural properties has been investigated. Under low oxygen partial pressure, the STO substrate is reduced during growth as evidenced by a high ns of 1016 cm−2. By controlling the post-growth annealing conditions, heterostructures with ns of 1013–1016 cm−2 are achieved. The atomic-scale structure of the samples is obtained using high-resolution synchrotron x-ray diffraction measurements. For heterostructures with ns at or below 3 × 1013 cm−2, polar distortions are present within the LCO layers and increase in magnitude with a decrease in sheet carrier concentration. These distortions are absent for samples with ns on the order of 1015–1016 cm−2 where interfacial carriers play a role in alleviating the polar discontinuity at the LCO/STO interface. These results suggest that interfacial charge carriers and polar distortions can act as complementary mechanisms to alleviate the polar discontinuity at polar/non-polar complex oxide interfaces.
Precision current measurement with thermal-drift-minimized offset current for single-parameter electron pumps based on gate-switching technique
Authors: Kim Bum-Kyu , Park Suk-In , Song Jindong , Choi Hyung-Kook , Kim Wan-Seop , Kim Nam , Bae Myung-Ho
Published: April 2020

Single-parameter single-electron pumps (SEPs) based on a quantum dot have been suggested as promising devices to realize the new definition of the unit of current, the ampere, where quantized current produced from the SEP device is only defined by the elementary charge e and applied external radiofrequency (rf), f, i.e., I = ef. The conventional method to eliminate offset signals in the precision current measurement of pump current has been to measure the current difference between the pump-on and pump-off states. To date, the rf-on and rf-off method has been used to pump between its on and off states. However, this method inevitably induces alternating rf-heating effects and varying temperatures of the device environment, possibly leading to a thermal drift of the offset current. In the current work, we developed a new gate-switching technique that can alternate the pump on and off states while maintaining a constant rf-on state, resulting in a more stable system temperature. Using the gate-switching technique, we achieved a temperature-stabilized environment and performed a precision current measurement with sub-parts per million uncertainty.
Ligand-dependent downregulation of MR1 cell surface expression
Authors: Salio Mariolina , Awad Wael , Veerapen Natacha , Gonzalez-Lopez Claudia , Kulicke Corinna , Waithe Dominic , Martens Anne W. J. , Lewinsohn David M. , Hobrath Judith V. , Cox Liam R. , Rossjohn Jamie , Besra Gurdyal S. , Cerundolo Vincenzo
Published: April 2020

The antigen-presenting molecule MR1 presents riboflavin-based metabolites to Mucosal-Associated Invariant T (MAIT) cells. While MR1 egress to the cell surface is ligand-dependent, the ability of small-molecule ligands to impact on MR1 cellular trafficking remains unknown. Arising from an in silico screen of the MR1 ligand-binding pocket, we identify one ligand, 3-([2,6-dioxo-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyrimidin-4-yl]formamido)propanoic acid, DB28, as well as an analog, methyl 3-([2,6-dioxo-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyrimidin-4-yl]formamido)propanoate, NV18.1, that down-regulate MR1 from the cell surface and retain MR1 molecules in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in an immature form. DB28 and NV18.1 compete with the known MR1 ligands, 5-OP-RU and acetyl-6-FP, for MR1 binding and inhibit MR1-dependent MAIT cell activation. Crystal structures of the MAIT T cell receptor (TCR) complexed with MR1-DB28 and MR1-NV18.1, show that these two ligands reside within the A′-pocket of MR1. Neither ligand forms a Schiff base with MR1 molecules; both are nevertheless sequestered by a network of hydrophobic and polar contacts. Accordingly, we define a class of compounds that inhibits MR1 cellular trafficking.
Thermodynamics and weak cosmic censorship conjecture of an AdS black hole with a monopole in the extended phase space *
Authors: Hu Xin-Yun , He Ke-Jian , Zeng Xiao-Xiong , Wu Jian-Pin
Published: April 2020

The first law of black hole thermodynamics has been shown to be valid in the extended phase space. However, the second law and the weak cosmic censorship conjecture have not been investigated extensively. We investigate the laws of thermodynamics and the weak cosmic censorship conjecture of an AdS black hole with a global monopole in the extended phase space in the case of charged particle absorption. It is shown that the first law of thermodynamics is valid, while the second law is violated for the extremal and near-extremal black holes. Moreover, we find that the weak cosmic censorship conjecture is valid only for the extremal black hole, and that it can be violated for the near-extremal black holes, which is different from the previous results.
The environmental neighborhoods of cities and their spatial extent
Authors: Llaguno-Munitxa M , Bou-Zeid E
Published: April 2020

We define the new concept of an environmental neighborhood as the surrounding area influencing the environmental quality at a given point in a city, and propose a novel methodology to measure its spatial extent. We compute the spatial correlation of air quality and urban parameters from high spatial resolution datasets for New York City, where the urban characteristics are averaged over variable urban footprint sizes, ranging from 25 m × 5 m to 5000 m × 5000 m. The scale at which these correlations peak indicates the extent of the neighboring area that influences pollutant concentrations deviations from the city-wide average. The results indicate that the scale of these environmental neighborhoods ranges from ∼1000 m (for attributes such as road area or building footmark) down to ∼200 m (for building use or green area). Selecting this optimal neighborhood scale is thus critical for identifying the urban fabric and activity attributes that have the largest influence on air quality; smaller footprints do not contain all the pertinent urban surface information while larger footprints contain irrelevant, potentially misleading information. The quantification of this scale of influence therefore enables more effective and localized policies and interventions to improve urban environmental quality and reduce urban health disparities. More broadly, the findings indicate that, in a wide range of environmental and ecological applications where surface heterogeneity is a primary driver, the scale of analysis is not an external parameter to be chosen, but rather an internal parameter dictated by the problem physics.
Tributary oscillations generated by diurnal discharge regulation in Three Gorges Reservoir
Authors: Long L H , Ji D B , Yang Z Y , Cheng H Q , Yang Z J , Liu D F , Liu L , Lorke A
Published: April 2020

Among the major consequences of dam construction and operation are the deterioration of water quality and the increasing frequency of occurrence of harmful algae blooms in reservoirs and their tributaries. Former studies at Three Gorges Reservoir demonstrated that the Yangtze River main stream is the main source of nutrients and pollutants to connected tributary bays. Eutrophication and other water quality problems reported for the tributaries along Three Gorges Reservoir are likely a consequence of density-driven exchange flows. Past work has focused mainly on the influence of seasonal and daily flow regulation on exchange flows, less attention has been paid to hydrodynamic processes resulting from sub-daily discharge dynamics. High-frequency measurements of flow velocity and water level in a eutrophic tributary (Xiangxi River) of Three Gorges Reservoir revealed the persistent nature of bidirectional density currents within the bay. Superimposed on this mean flow, we observed ubiquitous flow oscillations with a period of approximately 2 h. The flow variations were associated with periodic water level fluctuations with increasing amplitude for increasing distance from the river mouth (up to ±0.1 m at a distance of 27.4 km from the river mouth). They were caused by a standing wave in the tributary bay, which was generated by rapid increase or decrease in discharge following peak-shaving operation modes at Three Gorges Dam. The high-frequency wave made up the largest contribution to the temporal variance of flow velocity in the tributary bay and represents a so far overlooked hydrodynamic feature of tributaries bays in large reservoirs.
Host range and population density of the giant whitefly Aleurodicus dugesii Cockerell (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) on horticultural crops in Cipanas-Cianjur, West Java, Indonesia
Authors: Hidayat P , Maryana E , Kusumah Y M , Nurulaila L
Published: April 2020

The giant whitefly, Aleurodicus dugesii Cockerell (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) is a polyphagous insect which has a wide range of host plants. The insect is relatively a new pest to Indonesian agriculture. It was reported in 2008. The whitefly sucks on plant sap, extracting important nutrients that lead to defoliation, stunting and or plant death. Study of the host range and population density of the whitefly was conducted in horticultural crops at 5 villages in the Sub-district of Cipanas (Cianjur), West Java. Observation was done directly on the selected leaf samples. Twelve leaf samples were selected from four quadrants of the sample plants. The number of horticultural crops infested by the giant whitefly was 27 species consisted of 20 plant families. The most dominant host plants of the giant whitefly were families of Fabaceae, Solanaceae, and Euphorbiaceae, respectively. The highest population density of the giant whitefly was recorded on tamarillo (Solanum betaceum) as much as 1,986 per leaf. The result of this research revealed that the giant whitefly was a potential important pest which had a wide range of host plants, resulted in severe damages to horticultural crops.
Insecticidal activity of filtrate of Beauveria bassiana cultures incubated under the temperatures of 25°C and 34 °C against larvae Spodoptera litura
Authors: Herlinda S , Fajriah A J , Suparman  , Anggraini E , Elfita  , Setiawan A , Verawaty M , Hasbi  , Arsi
Published: April 2020

Beauveria bassiana has been widely used to control lepidopteran larvae, such as Spodoptera litura. The objective of this research was to observe the mortality and median Lethal Time (LT50) of larval S. litura after exposure of filtrate of B. bassiana cultures incubated under temperatures of 25° and 34°C. The isolates used were 10 isolates of B. bassiana and they were incubated under temperatures 25 and 34 °C in liquid media for 6 wk. The results showed that the highest mortality caused by B. bassiana was found on the fungus incubated under 25 °C and was significantly different from that of temperature 34 °C. The shortest LT50 of larval S. litura was found on the fungus incubated under temperature 25 °C and was significantly different from that of temperature 34 °C. The highest mortality was found on isolate BTmPc (96%) incubated under temperature 25 °C with the shortest LT50 (7.51 d), which was not significantly different from isolate BTmTr (93.33%) incubated under temperature 25°C with the LT50 (7.31 d). Therefore, isolate BTmTr incubated under temperature 25 °C was the most effective on killing S. litura larvae. However, isolate of BMkMs incubated under 34 °C was still caused the highest percentage of larval mortality (18.67%) and the shortest LT50 (16.20 d). Therefore, the BMkMs isolate can be developed into bio-insecticide active ingredients for controlling S. litura in tropical ecosystem.
Recombinant expression and purification of the NS3 subunit of a Dengue Virus Type 3 strain isolated in Jakarta
Authors: Abinawanto  , Pambudi S , Sholiha A
Published: April 2020

A dengue virus serotype 3 strain (DENV-3) was isolated in Jakarta, Indonesia. The NS3 subunit of this strain was selected for recombinant expression to determine its suitability toward later developing a subunit recombinant vaccine for dengue hemorrhagic fever. NS3 is a non-structural protein weighing approximately 72 kDa. It plays a key role in the replication cycle of the dengue virus. The successful cloning of the DENV-3 NS3 coding sequence into a pYES2/CT vector was confirmed, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells were transformed with this vector, followed by the expression and purification of the recombinant protein. PCR amplification and DNA sequencing confirmed the presence of the NS3 gene, and SDS-PAGE and western blot analysis produced a specific band of ∼72 kDa.
The effect of zinc oxide nanoparticles against ceiling mold isolate
Authors: Ardiansyah R , Santoso I
Published: April 2020

In the current study, the antifungal activity of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) against the ceiling mold isolates Penicillum sp. A1P and Cladosporium sp. A2C was examined. Antifungal activity was tested using Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) plates supplemented with 0.1 %, 0.25 %, 0.5 % or 1.0 % (w/v) ZnO, and the growth of mold isolates on the supplemented media was observed using the slide culture method. Minimum Fungal Concentration (MFC) was determined by tube dilution method using Potato Dextrose Broth (PDB) supplemented with 0.5 %, 1.0 %, 1.5 % or 2.0 % (w/v) ZnO NP concentration. MFC was determined on the basis of Total Plate Count (TPC) obtained from tube dilution. Results from plate agar and slide cultures showed that ZnO NPs have fungistatic effects that increased with increasing ZnO NP concentration. Penicillum sp. A1P and Cladosporium sp. A2C remained biologically active; however, the spores germinated relatively slow and the diameters of resulting colonies decreased. The growth of mold isolates in supplemented broth media was notably slower than in the control, supporting the data from the plate agar and slide culture experiments. In conclusion, ZnO NPs have fungistatic against the ceiling mold isolates.
Population study of the mangrove horseshoe crab Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda (Lattreille 1802) in Kuala Tungkal, Tanjung Jabung Barat, Jambi, Indonesia
Authors: Rubiyanto E , Patria M P
Published: April 2020

Population and morphological data of the mangrove horseshoe crab Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda was collected off the coast of Kuala Tungkal, Tanjung Jabung Barat, Jambi, Indonesia from November 2011 to January 2012. The study site was divided into two areas: Station I (Parit 10) and Station II (Boyar), where the water was 4–8 m and 15–25 m deep, respectively. Four belt transects (5 m × 1000 m), 100 m apart, were set parallel with the shoreline in each area. Shrimp nets (5 m × 20 m), towed along the seabed by a fishing boat were used to capture crabs. The crabs were enumerated and measurements were taken of their carapace size and body weight. Abiotic factors were also measured, including water temperature, salinity, depth, and visibility. The population density of the crabs was 0.62 ± 0.23 individuals/100 m2, and their distribution pattern was random. We found correlations between depth, visibility, and crab density only at Station I.
Monitoring urban heat signature and profiles of localized urban environment in the University of Malaya
Authors: Wibowo A , Yusoff M M , Salleh K O
Published: April 2020

Urban heat mainly caused due to the anthropogenic and due to heat stored and re-radiated from the sun. In a tropical country, activity during daylight is possible in a large part of the year, and such cities rapidly contribute to influence the global climate change as Urban Heat. Education area with their activity in university is similar to an urban area with a small scale. The university campus has a localized urban environment. The land cover in an university is similar to land cover in an urban area. Every land cover has its urban heat signature. This paper aims to understand the urban heat signatures (UHS) based on the land cover on the university campus. To answer the aim of the research, we used the collected temperature data based on land cover in the education area. Data collection for the ground air surface temperature with a survey by rapid 20 min at sample location by day and night time using a handheld air temperature tool. This result concluded land cover is related to the spatial-temporal of UHS. University of Malaya campus found UHS the relation within highest vegetation covered and UHS the lowest temperature, and the other hand building covered had UHS with the highest temperature. The result saw UHS behavior in 2013 had a temperature of 1.5 °C with max temperature maximum > 30 °C for all land use cover types within UM. The vegetation-covered had UHS with the lowest temperature, and the other hand building covered had UHS with the highest temperature. The localized urban environment also gave the UHS related to vegetation covered and the building covered. The vegetation-covered relation by UHS with the lowest temp and the other hand building covered relation by UHS with the highest temp. The rest of this result gave new insight that monitoring is essential for land cover management and significant for an assessment of UHS behavior in the university campus.
Relationship between phase composition and wear resistance of titanium alloys
Authors: Ivanov I V , Thoemmes A , Emurlaev K I , Tkachenko E I , Rudenya E A
Published: April 2020

The wide use of titanium alloys is often due to their unique properties. Availability of a wide variety of mechanical, physical and chemical properties is associated with a large number of polymorphic modifications of titanium alloys. During the last decade, the metastable omega phase piques the largest interest among all titanium modifications. This study attempts to explain the different wear behavior of some titanium alloys with different Nb content during dry friction impact.
Studies of Current Modulation in the DC Voltage Link of the Frequency Converter during its Operation with Asynchronous Load
Authors: Arsentiev O V , Arsentiev G O
Published: April 2020

The paper discusses current issues on the inverters peculiarities in the frequency converter. Theoretical studies have been carried out to determine the influence of the induction motor mode on the current modulation in the DC link. The authors suggest a calculation technique to determine the form of transient current characteristics when exposed to a single pulse of the inverter. Model studies of the system, calculation and construction of current characteristics proved the correspondence of theoretical and practical results. The research results determined the relationship between the current modulation in the DC link and the induction motor mode of operation.
Method of Calculating of Spiroid Gear Resource by Wear at Step Loading Mode
Authors: Zaitsev A V
Published: April 2020

The brief analysis of reasons of failure of mechanisms and drives of lifting, construction, and road-building machines based on engagement drives, and worm-gear class drives, represented by contact destructions of active surfaces of cog-wheel cogs resulting in malfunctions, breakages, failures, such as wear and furrows, was carried out. The need to create a method for calculating the wear of spiroids with regard of variable loading mode and time was substantiated. The method developed allows, with regard of real modes of operation of handling machinery, equipment and machines, determine the wear intensity values and calculate the spiroid gear drive resource with regard of duration of action of diving torque values in accordance with the set variable loading schedule for lifting, construction, and road-building machines under the wear intensity of the spiroid wheel cog on values of driving torque on the spiroid gear drive output shaft, obtained from experiments.
Designing an Information Security System in Smart Factories of the Industry 4.0
Authors: Zakoldaev D A , Shukalov A V , Zharinov I O , Zharinov O O
Published: April 2020

The problem of designing an information security system in smart factories of Industry 4.0 is investigated. Information security system is a company infrastructure component to provide the company information security. In the example of typical smart factory structure cyber and physical components are defined which are mostly susceptible to the malicious software components implementations. Such components could be components with their own means of calculations and engaged in the production technological operations. Smart factory information security risks can be explained with program and technical means for the operator to control the cyber and physical configuration remotely and other components of the production infrastructure into a single digital space of the company. Measures are proposed to increase the information security level of the Industry 4.0 smart factory based on technical, organization and program solutions.
Amino-acid conjugated protein–Au nanoclusters with tuneable fluorescence properties
Authors: Griep Mark H , Bedford Nicholas M
Published: April 2020

Au-based protein nanoclusters (PNCs) represent an emerging class of fluorescence probes that are inherently biocompatible and combine the functionality of proteins and optical properties of Au nanoclusters. Here we report on a methodology to create conjugated Au PNCs using amino acid coupling strategies from a series of common laboratory proteins. We discover that the host protein and the specific conjugation chemistry has a profound influence on the resulting fluorescence properties. Synchrotron analyses showcase local Au NC aggeration upon PNC conjugation, which causes local environment changes to invoke differences in fluorscence properties. The observed aggeration does not give rise to plasmonic properties nor signifigant fluorescence quenching, strongly indicating the PNCs are still in a near-native cluster state. Our methodology and findings here could open new pathways for tuning PNC fluorescence properties in a rational fashion, having a potential impact in host of biomedical and sensing applications.
Impact of pain on reactive balance and falls in community-dwelling older adults: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Hirase Tatsuya , Okubo Yoshiro , Menant Jasmine , Lord Stephen R , Sturnieks Daina L
Published: April 2020

Background

pain is associated with increased postural sway and falls in older adults. However, the impact of pain on reactive balance induced by postural perturbations and how this might predispose older adults to falls is not known.

Objective

to investigate whether any pain, back/neck pain and lower limb pain are associated with poor reactive balance and prospective fall outcomes in older adults.

Design

12-month prospective cohort study.

Setting

community.

Subjects

242 community-dwelling older adults aged 70+ years.

Methods

participants completed a questionnaire on the presence of pain and underwent force-controlled waist-pull postural perturbations while standing. Force thresholds for stepping, step initiation time, step velocity and step length were quantified. Falls were monitored with monthly falls calendars for 12-months.

Results

participants with lower limb pain had significantly lower force thresholds for stepping. Those with any pain or pain in the back/neck had longer step initiation time, slower step velocity and shorter step length. The three pain measures (any pain, back/neck pain, lower limb pain) were significantly associated with multiple falls when adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, use of polypharmacy, strength and walking speed. In mediation analyses, there was a significant indirect effect of reactive balance for the relationship between back/neck pain and falls with fractures.

Conclusions

older people with pain have impaired reactive balance and an increased risk of falls. Reactive balance partially mediated the association between pain and fall-related fractures. Further research is required to confirm the findings of this study.
After Difference: A Meta-Comparative Study of Chinese Encounters with Foreign Comparative Law†
Authors: Seppänen Samuli
Published: April 2020

Do comparatists based in “radically different” legal systems experience “radical difference” and its side effects—self-doubt, suspicion of cultural bias, and feelings of inadequacy—when they research American and European law? Focusing on Chinese comparative law, this Article argues that Chinese legal scholars’ attitudes to difference (and similarity) are best explained as reflections of these scholars’ ideological projects. Describing American and European legal systems in terms of similarity rather than difference supports Chinese law reformers’ efforts to advance and defend Western-style legal institutions in China. Conversely, conservative socialist and neoconservative Chinese scholars who resist Western-style legal and political reforms seek to emphasize cultural, social, and political differences between China and the West. Comparative law therefore allows legal scholars to relate to foreign law in various, ideologically meaningful ways. Statements about difference and similarity—and attitudes towards understanding, in general—should be understood in the light of such ideological projects.
Intraspecific, ecotypic and home climate variation in photosynthetic traits of the widespread invasive grass Johnsongrass
Authors: Kelly Shannen , Fletcher Rebecca A , Barney Jacob N
Published: April 2020

Despite their near ubiquity across global ecosystems, the underlying mechanisms contributing to the success of invasive plants remain largely unknown. In particular, ecophysiological traits, which are fundamental to plants’ performance and response to their environment, are poorly understood with respect to geographic and climate space. We evaluated photosynthetic trait variation among populations, ecotypes and home climates (i.e. the climates from the locations they were collected) of the widespread and expanding invader Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense). We found that populations vary in the maximum net photosynthetic flux and the light-saturated net photosynthetic rate, and that agricultural and non-agricultural ecotypes vary in apparent quantum yield and water-use efficiency (WUE). We also found that populations from warmer home climates had lower dark respiration rates, light compensation points and WUEs. As Johnsongrass expands across the USA the abiotic and biotic environments are driving variation in its genetics, phenotypes and its underlying physiology. Our study demonstrates the importance of evaluating physiological traits in invasive plants, especially as they relate to home climates.