bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identification of FDA-Approved Oncology Drugs with Selective Potency in High-Risk Childhood Ependymoma
Authors: Donson Andrew M. , Amani Vladimir , Warner Elliot A. , Griesinger Andrea M. , Witt Davis A. , Levy Jean M. Mulcahy , Hoffman Lindsey M. , Hankinson Todd C. , Handler Michael H. , Vibhakar Rajeev , Dorris Kathleen , Foreman Nicholas K.
Published: June 2018

Children with ependymoma (EPN) are cured in less than 50% of cases, with little improvement in outcome over the last several decades. Chemotherapy has not affected survival in EPN, due in part to a lack of preclinical models that has precluded comprehensive drug testing. We recently developed two human EPN cell lines harboring high-risk phenotypes which provided us with an opportunity to execute translational studies. EPN and other pediatric brain tumor cell lines were subject to a large-scale comparative drug screen of FDA-approved oncology drugs for rapid clinical application. The results of this in vitro study were combined with in silico prediction of drug sensitivity to identify EPN-selective compounds, which were validated by dose curve and time course modeling. Mechanisms of EPN-selective antitumor effect were further investigated using transcriptome and proteome analyses. We identified three classes of oncology drugs that showed EPN-selective antitumor effect, namely, (i) fluorinated pyrimidines (5-fluorouracil, carmofur, and floxuridine), (ii) retinoids (bexarotene, tretinoin and isotretinoin), and (iii) a subset of small-molecule multireceptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (axitinib, imatinib, and pazopanib). Axitinib's antitumor mechanism in EPN cell lines involved inhibition of PDGFRα and PDGFRβ and was associated with reduced mitosis-related gene expression and cellular senescence. The clinically available, EPN-selective oncology drugs identified by our study have the potential to critically inform design of upcoming clinical studies in EPN, in particular for those children with recurrent EPN who are in the greatest need of novel therapeutic approaches. Mol Cancer Ther; 17(9); 1984–94. ©2018 AACR.
Once-Weekly Administration of Sustained-Release Growth Hormone in Korean Prepubertal Children with Idiopathic Short Stature: A Randomized, Controlled Phase II Study
Authors: Hwang Jin Soon , Lee Hae Sang , Lee Kee-Hyoung , Yoo Han-Wook , Lee Dae-Yeol , Suh Byung-Kyu , Ko Cheol Woo , Chung Woo Yeong  , Jin Dong-Kyu , Shin Choong Ho  , Han Heon-Seok  , Han Song , Kim Ho-Seong
Published: June 2018

Background/Aims: To determine the optimal dose of LB03002, a sustained-release, once-weekly formulation of recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH), and to compare its efficacy and safety with daily rhGH in children with idiopathic short stature (ISS). Methods: This multicenter, randomized, open-label, phase II study included GH-naïve, prepubertal children with ISS, randomized to receive daily rhGH 0.37 mg/kg/week (control, n = 16), LB03002 0.5 mg/kg/week (n = 14), or LB03002 0.7 mg/kg/week (n = 16). The primary endpoint was height velocity (HV) change at week 26. Results: At week 26, the least square (LS) means for HV change (cm/year) with control, LB03002 0.5 mg/kg/week, and LB03002 0.7 mg/kg/week were 5.08, 3.65, and 4.38, and the LS means for the change in height standard deviation score were 0.65, 0.49, and 0.58, respectively. The lower bound of the 90% confidence interval for the difference between LB03002 0.7 mg/kg/week and the control in the LS mean for HV change (–1.72) satisfied the noninferiority margin (–1.75). Adverse events were generally mild and short-lived. Conclusion: A once-weekly regimen of LB03002 0.7 mg/kg demonstrated noninferiority to the daily regimen of rhGH 0.37 mg/kg/week in terms of HV increments. LB03002 was well tolerated and its safety profile was comparable with that of daily rhGH.
Spleen Tyrosine Kinase as a Target Therapy for Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infection
Authors: Alhazmi Alaa
Published: June 2018

Spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) is a nonreceptor tyrosine kinase which associates directly with extracellular receptors, and is critically involved in signal transduction pathways in a variety of cell types for the regulation of cellular responses. SYK is expressed ubiquitously in immune and nonimmune cells, and has a much wider biological role than previously recognized. Several studies have highlighted SYK as a key player in the pathogenesis of a multitude of diseases. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic gram-negative pathogen, which is responsible for systemic infections in immunocompromised individuals, accounting for a major cause of severe chronic lung infection in cystic fibrosis patients and subsequently resulting in a progressive deterioration of lung function. Inhibition of SYK activity has been explored as a therapeutic option in several allergic disorders, autoimmune diseases, and hematological malignancies. This review focuses on SYK as a therapeutic target, and describes the possibility of how current knowledge could be translated for therapeutic purposes to regulate the immune response to the opportunistic pathogen P. aeruginosa.
СТРАТЕГІЯ РОЗВИТКУ ПАЛІАТИВНОЇ ДОПОМОГИ В УКРАЇНІ НА ПЕРІОД ДО 2027 РОКУ
Authors: Kurnytska H. M.
Published: June 2018

У статті розглянуто та висвітлено Стратегію розвитку паліативної допомоги в Україні на період до 2027 р. і план заходів щодо її реалізації. На сьогодні в Україні створено 2 центри, 7 хоспісів та понад 60 самостійних відділень паліативної допомоги, що забезпечує доступ до 1500 стаціонарних паліативних ліжок, при рекомендованій Всесвітньою організацією охорони здоров’я потребі у 3500 ліжок. Крім того, в Україні функціонує лише 7 виїзних служб надання паліативної допомоги вдома для дорослих та дітей. За оцінками експертів, потреба у паліативній допомозі в Україні задоволена лише на 15 %.Стратегія пропонує системно врегулювати організаційні основи надання паліативної допомоги, зокрема розробити правові та організаційні механізми, що стимулюють ефективну діяльність в сфері охорони здоров’я і забезпечують розвиток мережі паліативних установ охорони здоров’я.
ГОТОВНІСТЬ МЕДСЕСТЕР ДО ЕЛЕКТРОННОГО МЕТОДУ ОБЛІКУ за УМОВ РЕФОРМУВАННЯ ГАЛУЗІ
Authors: Lytvynova O. N. , Garasimiv O. I.
Published: June 2018

У статті йдеться про готовність медсестер до електронного методу обліку за умов реформування галузі охорони здоровʼя. Дано оцінку реальної ситуації та перспективи використання електронного обліку в системі медичної допомоги та участь у ньому медсестер.
Individualized Left Anterior Oblique Projection
Authors: Squara Fabien , Scarlatti Didier , Riccini Philippe , Garret Gauthier , Moceri Pamela , Ferrari Emile
Published: June 2018

Background:

Classical fluoroscopic criteria for the documentation of septal right ventricular (RV) lead positioning have poor accuracy. We sought to evaluate the individualized left anterior oblique (LAO) projection as a novel fluoroscopy criterion.

Methods:

Consecutive patients undergoing pacemaker or defibrillator implantation were prospectively included. RV lead positioning was assessed by fluoroscopy using posteroanterior, right anterior oblique 30° to rule out coronary sinus positioning, and LAO 40° in the classical group or individualized LAO in the individualized group. Individualized LAO was defined by the degree of LAO that allowed the perfect superposition of the RV apex (using the tip of the RV lead temporarily placed at the apex) and of the superior vena cava-inferior vena cava axis (materialized by a guidewire), hence providing a true profile view of the interventricular septum. Accuracy of fluoroscopy for RV lead positioning was then assessed by comparison with true RV lead positioning using transthoracic echocardiography.

Results:

We included 100 patients, 50 in each study group. Agreement between RV lead septal/free wall positioning in transthoracic echocardiography and fluoroscopy was excellent in the individualized group (k=0.91), whereas it was poor in the classical group (k=0.35). Septal/free wall RV lead positioning was correctly identified in 48/50 (96%) patients in the individualized group versus 38/50 (76%) in the classical group (
P
=0.004). For septal lead positioning, fluoroscopy had 100% Se and 89.5% Sp in the individualized group versus 91.4% Se and 40% Sp in the classical group. Complications and procedural data were comparable in both groups.

Conclusion:

Individualized LAO is a quick and highly reliable patient-tailored fluoroscopy projection for RV lead positioning.
Stroke 112
Authors: Zhao Jing , Eckenhoff Maryellen F. , Sun Wei-Zen , Liu Renyu
Published: June 2018

Background and Purpose—

To improve stroke awareness and reduce life-threatening prehospital delays worldwide, a universal stroke educational program is needed. To meet this unmet need, we developed a universal program without language barriers and tested its acceptance in Taiwan, where Chinese is the native language.

Methods—

Stroke 112 was developed using the universal emergency phone number, 112. The numbers imply an emergency and correspond to the 3 stroke recognition signs used in FAST (Face, Arm, Speech, and Time): 1 uneven face (crooked mouth); 1 weak arm (arm weakness); 2 incoherent lips (slurred speech). An online survey was used to determine the acceptance of the Stroke 112 program compared with that of FAST in Chinese. The surveys were delivered using SurveyMonkey (
http://www.surveymonkey.com
) on 2 separate occasions in Taiwan; in August 2017 for an initial estimation of the acceptance of Stroke 112 and in March 2018, 2 weeks after the official release of Stroke 112 in Taiwan, including a special introductory lecture for neurologists hosted by the STARS-Taiwan (Stroke Treatment and Research Society-Taiwan).

Results—

The initial survey with 465 survey responders, 54.6% thought that Stroke 112 was easier to remember for people in Taiwan compared with FAST (41.2%). After Stroke 112’s official release in Taiwan, 610 individuals completed the survey, and the majority (66.4%) thought that Stroke 112 was easier to remember, a significant increase compared with the initial survey (
P
=0.0001). Among the 130 neurologists who attended the Stroke 112 introductory lecture, 55 completed the online survey. A greater acceptance of Stroke 112 (74.6%) compared with FAST (16.4%) was observed among these 55 neurologists (
P
=0.0001).

Conclusions—

Stroke 112, a universal stroke educational program without language barriers was developed. It could potentially be implemented worldwide, especially where 112 is used as an emergency phone number.
The Politics of Sūqs in Early Islam
Authors: Bessard Fanny
Published: June 2018

In the early Middle Ages, while Byzantium was impoverished and Anatolian cities were evolving into fortifiedkastra, the Islamic Near East enjoyed an age of economic and demographic growth. Exploring the formation ofsūqs and the rise of the Umayyad and early ‘Abbāsid states, this article argues that the Arab-Islamic aristocracy’s involvement in establishingsūqs reflected a desire to exert power and build legitimacy. Despite their physical resemblance to Late Roman and Sasanian bazaars, early Islamicsūqs functioned differently, and their specificity exemplifies an evolution of labour patterns from 700 to 950, in particular the social rise and increasing religious involvement of merchants. This article places the archaeological evidence in dialogue with the literary. Although the Islamic material is central, comparisons in the paths of trade and economic life between the Middle East and Western Europe provide ways to identify the divergences between East and West after the fall of Rome.
From ‘Tourkopolis’ to ‘Metropolis’: Transforming Urban Boundaries in Late Nineteenth-Century Iraklio (Candia), Crete
Authors: Anagnostopoulos Aris
Published: June 2018

This article examines the case of Iraklio, Crete, on its passage from the Ottoman regime to the Autonomous Cretan Polity in 1898, to interrogate current categories of ethnic boundaries used in historical and social research. It proposes an ‘archaeological’ method of investigating such boundaries in space. It conceives of the city as a field of interaction between the predominant religious groups of Muslim and Christian, and the way these groups have been represented in historical research and public memory. It also shows how understandings of ethnic boundaries were fashioned by colonial, especially British, sanitary and civic planning projects. Finally, it demonstrates how subaltern Muslim spaces, gendered places and ‘dangerous’ neighbourhoods were transformed into paradigmatic cases for understanding spatial segregation in cultural terms.
Tanti non emo, Sexte, Piper: Pepper Prices, Roman Consumer Culture, and the Bulk of Indo-Roman Trade
Authors: Mayer Ernst Emanuel
Published: June 2018

In contrast to other Indian exports, black pepper was widely available throughout the Roman World, and affordable for ordinary working people. The relatively low price of black pepper indicates that Indo-Roman trade goods was not just pitched at the very wealthy, but benefited a much broader segment of the population. This throws new light on the scale and cultural impact of Indo-Roman trade, which appears to have exploited Rome’s burgeoning non-elite “consumer culture” in the early imperial period. The scale and cultural impact of Indo-Roman pepper and other trade is evidenced by a wide variety of Western sources and ancient Indian texts.
Characterisation of the dimorphic Deladenus beddingi n. sp. and its associated woodwasp and fungus
Authors: Morris E. Erin , Stock S. Patricia , Castrillo Louela A. , Williams David W. , Hajek Ann E.
Published: June 2018

A new dimorphic species of Deladenus isolated from Sirex californicus from Washington, USA, is described as D. beddingi n. sp. Evolutionary relationships of the new species with other Deladenus species were assessed using multilocus sequencing. Phylogenetic relationships derived from analyses of mtCO1 and ITS showed D. beddingi n. sp. to be genetically distinct from other North American Deladenus parasitising Sirex. Molecular analyses indicated that D. beddingi n. sp. is a member of the D. siricidicola species complex, which also includes undescribed native Deladenus from Sirex cyaneus and S. nitidus, and D. siricidicola from S. noctilio. Mycophagous adults were characterised by the position of the excretory pore, which was located 32 (22-52) and 48 (38-69) μm anterior to the hemizonid in mycophagous females and males, respectively. Typologically, the new species is most similar to D. siricidicola, D. proximus and D. nitobei, but can be distinguished from these species by several morphometric traits, including the value of ratios a, b, c of the mycophagous females and males, ratio b of the infective females, and the morphology of the tail of the mycophagous females, which is narrow and gradually tapering. This novel nematode species feeds on the fungus Amylostereum chailletii during its mycophagous phase. Experimental results showed very little reproduction by D. beddingi n. sp. when feeding on A. areolatum compared to robust reproduction when feeding on A. chailletii.
Family Socialization, Trust and Change: Evidence from Russia
Authors: Bahry Donna , Kozyreva Polina
Published: June 2018

Social science debates about sources of generalized trust have prompted growing attention to how children develop faith in others. Much of the evidence, however, has come from relatively stable and prosperous societies. How might children’s trust differ in societies that have experienced rapid and destabilizing transitions, as in postcommunist states? Using new evidence on Russia from three waves of a survey between 2006 and 2014, the authors show that children’s trust is relatively low, reflecting low trust among parents, children’s sense of economic insecurity, and their doubts about the fairness of key institutions. But rising cohorts since the early 2000s display more trust than their parents and than their earlier counterparts. Thus old patterns of distrust do not necessarily persist intact.
A Comparative Analysis of the Levels of Collective Trust among the Banking Staff in Poland and Russia
Authors: Davydenko Vladimir Aleksandrovich , Kaźmierczyk Jerzy , Romashkina Gulnara Fatykhovna , Andrianova Elena Vladimirovna
Published: June 2018

This article aims to analyze the levels of collective trust in banks in Poland and Russia. These are post-socialist countries and emerging markets and yet there are large discrepancies in the mentality of the respective labour markets. The hypothesis is that collective trust in banks in Russia is lower than in Poland. This has to do with the high level of declarative trust proclaimed by the Russian employees. Moreover, trust is inversely proportional to the level of education. 1,920 bank employees were surveyed in Poland and 359 in Russia. Then the overall indexes of trust in banks and sub-indexes (loyalty; care; openness; dyadic trust; honesty/fairness; common values; appreciation; job security) were calculated.
Sizing Up the “Small Wars” of African Empire
Authors: FitzSimons William
Published: June 2018

This short essay makes the case that the theories and practices employed by European armies during the “small wars” of nineteenth-century imperialism were military innovations produced within the distinctly modern and global context of colonial conquest. Colonial military experiences spurred new tactics and strategies which were captured in treatises written by British and French military theorists at the same time that they transformed the nature of warfare in colonized spaces—often with devastating effects. Military approaches developed in response to these “small wars” have important legacies, both in shaping the contours of military operations within postcolonial Africa and contributing to worldwide “counterinsurgency” theories of the twenty-first century. Understanding the specific historical context in which colonial violence was produced can contribute to a fuller understanding of the meaning, impact and multiple legacies of imperial warfare.
Five new records of marine shrimps (Decapoda: Caridea, Stenopodidea) from the Caribbean coast of Panama
Authors: PACHELLE PAULO P.G. , LERAY MATTHIEU , ANKER ARTHUR , LASLEY ROBERT
Published: June 2018

Five species of shrimps, four carideans and one stenopodidean, are recorded for the first time from the Caribbean coast of Panama: Lysmata vittata (Stimpson, 1860) [Lysmatidae Dana, 1852], Periclimenaeus ascidiarum Holthuis, 1951, P. bredini Chace, 1972, P. maxillulidens (Schmitt, 1936) [Palaemonidae Rafinesque, 1815], and Odontozona edyli Criales & Lemaitre, 2017 [Stenopodidae Claus, 1872]. Rather surprisingly, L. vittata is recorded from the Caribbean Sea for the first time. However, the taxonomic status of all western Atlantic specimens currently assigned to L. vittata (including the Panamanian material and the Brazilian L. rauli Laubenheimer & Rhyne, 2010) will need a much more careful reassessment, which will only be possible after determining the taxonomic identity of L. vittata in the Indo-West Pacific. The colour patterns of P. ascidiarum, P. bredini and O. edyli, herein illustrated for the first time, appear to be species-diagnostic and may serve as additional important taxonomic characters. For O. edyli, the previously unknown thoracic sternum of the female is illustrated, as well as the variation in the rostral dentition.
Nonpropagating Form Drag and Turbulence due to Stratified Flow over Large-Scale Abyssal Hill Topography
Authors: Klymak Jody M.
Published: June 2018

Drag and turbulence in steady stratified flows over “abyssal hills” have been parameterized using linear theory and rates of energy cascade due to wave–wave interactions. Linear theory has no drag or energy loss due to large-scale bathymetry because waves with intrinsic frequency less than the Coriolis frequency are evanescent. Numerical work has tested the theory by high passing the topography and estimating the radiation and turbulence. Adding larger-scale bathymetry that would generate evanescent internal waves generates nonlinear and turbulent flow, driving a dissipation approximately twice that of the radiating waves for the topographic spectrum chosen. This drag is linear in the forcing velocity, in contrast to atmospheric parameterizations that have quadratic drag. Simulations containing both small- and large-scale bathymetry have more dissipation than just adding the large- and small-scale dissipations together, so the scales couple. The large-scale turbulence is localized, generally in the lee of large obstacles. Medium-scale regional models partially resolve the “nonpropagating” wavenumbers, leading to the question of whether they need the large-scale energy loss to be parameterized. Varying the resolution of the simulations indicates that if the ratio of gridcell height to width is less than the root-mean-square topographic slope, then the dissipation is overestimated in coarse models (by up to 25%); conversely, it can be underestimated by up to a factor of 2 if the ratio is greater. Most regional simulations are likely in the second regime and should have extra drag added to represent the large-scale bathymetry, and the deficit is at least as large as that parameterized for abyssal hills.
A UAV–RTK Lidar System for Wave and Tide Measurements in Coastal Zones
Authors: Huang Zhi-Cheng , Yeh Cheng-Yang , Tseng Kuo-Hsin , Hsu Wen-Yang
Published: June 2018

A lightweight and low-cost unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) system for coastal wave and tide measurements is developed. This system is based on an assembly of a multirotor UAV, a robotic lidar, an altitude and heading reference system (AHRS), and a real-time kinematic (RTK) Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS). A great advantage of the system is that it can be operated at low altitude in a few meters; the accuracy and spatial resolution can therefore be increased. When the system was moved up and down in 2–12 m, the root-mean-square error (RMSE) was approximately 5 cm compared to the ground truth value measured by a manual RTK GNSS. The system was operated in a hover mode to measure the tide and waves in the field. The results of using the UAV–RTK lidar system were consistent with those of in situ measurements using a pressure sensor. The root-mean-square errors between the two techniques for measurements of tidal elevation, significant wave height, and wave period were 4.9 cm, 4.8 cm, and 0.028 s, respectively. This finding suggests the system could be applied to measure instantaneous sea surface displacement. The system provides the potential for using a low-cost, extremely portable, and efficient tool for monitoring wave properties, topographic changes, and water-level gradients in coastal zones.
What can be done to reduce the damages, costs and fees paid out by the NHS for claims for clinical negligence?
Authors: Samuels Alec
Published: June 2018

This article considers different approaches with a view to reducing NHS legal costs and damages for clinical failures on the basis that these are out of control and reducing resources for the treatment of current and future patients.
Land concentration and land grabbing: Implications for the socio-economic development of rural communities in south-eastern Romania
Authors: Popovici Elena-Ana , Mitrică Bianca , Mocanu Irena
Published: June 2018

In the periods of pre- and post-accession to the European Union, Romania experienced great and rapid land concentration and land grabbing. The current article is seeking to identify the relationship between these processes, and the socio-economic development of rural communities in two counties (Călăraşi and Ialomiţa) located in the south-east of Romania. By using a set of statistical indicators, the authors computed two secondary indexes: Agricultural Development Index and Social Disadvantage Index, whose correlation revealed that areas with massive land concentration (almost 80% of all Local Administrative Units) have a low level of socio-economic development.
Carcass and cross: Discovering the sacred in the secular
Authors: Bosch Rozelle (Robson)
Published: June 2018

The body is a dialogical, incarnational and sacramental entity. But how may the Christian imagination conceptualize and depict this fact? This contribution uses a provocative piece of art as a modern framing of the constant intersection of the sacred and secular. It starts by looking at Merleau-Ponty’s phenomenology of perception, continues to discuss Luce Irigaray’s notion of the sensible transcendental and then concludes by way of feminist metaphysics. It is argued that these three schools of thinking provide a helpful framework with which to unpack the theological nuances in Pyotr Pavlensky’s Carcass (2013). Towards the end of the contribution it is shown that Carcass is in fact cruciform when read through the doctrine of the incarnation and that one need not look far to see the Word made flesh in the everydayness of life.
Changing patterns in recruitment to stipendiary ministry: A study in psychological profiling
Authors: Francis Leslie J. , Smith Greg
Published: June 2018

This article tests the hypothesis that the Church of England may be recruiting into stipendiary ministry a different psychological profile of clergy to respond to the changing demands of parochial ministry. Using the Francis Psychological Type Scales, the profiles of 90 male and 35 female curates under the age of 40 ordained into stipendiary ministry in 2009 and 2010 were compared with the profiles of 626 clergymen and 237 clergywomen reported in a study published in 2007. The major difference between the two groups concerns the significantly higher proportions of sensing types and the Epimethean temperament (SJ) among the curates. These shifts in psychological type and temperament promise a Church for the future that is more tightly managed but less inspirational and less responsive to transformative development.
The case for collation to inform debate and transform practice in decolonising Psychology
Authors: Macleod Catriona Ida
Published: June 2018

Critiques of the ‘relevance’ of Psychology in South Africa and Africa have been raging for a number of decades now. Recent debates about decolonising Psychology and what is meant by African Psychology have been rigorous and necessary. In this commentary, I argue that in order for Psychology to move beyond Euro-American-centric epistemology and practice, these efforts need to be supplemented with the grounded praxis of research and literature collation. The epistemological, empirical, and conceptual knowledges that have been generated within the South African, African, and Global South contexts need to be brought together in coherent forms. As with other analytical processes, the grounded praxis of collating knowledges around a particular topic or approach allows for fresh insights and for the transfer of knowledges generated in context. Gaps in current research may be identified, debates on particular issues strengthened, and practice potentially improved. Drawing on two examples – textbooks and systematic literature reviews – and from my and colleagues’ work in conducting these kinds of collation work, I argue that: textbook writers should use grounded methodologies to generate texts based on South African, African, and Global South research, with reference to research conducted in the Global North being peripheral at best; and systematic reviews enable the cross-fertilisation of ideas from other social science research where psychological research is sparse. Funders should consider funding collation efforts.
Equity or Disparity: Do Performance Funding Policies Disadvantage 2-Year Minority-Serving Institutions?
Authors: Li Amy Y. , Gándara Denisa , Assalone Amanda
Published: June 2018

Objective: We investigate whether performance funding—an increasingly prevalent state policy that allocates appropriations based on outcomes that prioritize retention and completion—places minority-serving institutions (MSIs) at a financial disadvantage due to these institutions serving a greater proportion of historically underrepresented students. Method: Using data from 2004-05 to 2014-15 within Texas and Washington, we compare state funding allocations to 2-year institutions designated as MSIs versus non-MSIs, before and after performance funding policies are implemented. We additionally compare funding allocations for each performance metric. Results: On average, MSIs in Texas and Washington are allocated the same or less in per-student state funding after performance funding compared to non-MSIs. MSIs in Texas are advantaged in performance metrics for transfers and for gateway courses in math (credit-bearing courses that serve as a “gateway” to continued study), and MSIs in Washington are advantaged in developmental education courses. However, MSIs are typically disadvantaged in metrics for degree completions. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that MSIs in Texas and Washington are not financially disadvantaged due to performance funding because the funding formulas in both states incentivize milestones in addition to outputs. We recommend that policy makers consider incorporating performance metrics for developmental education and gateway courses in addition to retention rates and degree completions, and tailor metrics to the student population of institutions to mitigate the potentially inequitable funding consequences of performance funding policies.
Teaching Psychology and Climate Change
Authors: Maier Karl J. , Whitehead George I. , Walter Mark I.
Published: June 2018

The American Psychological Association (APA) has called for psychologists to become more involved in addressing climate change. One way to address this pressing issue is through curriculum. To this end, we describe an undergraduate course that we created and teach exclusively focused on the interface of psychology and global climate change. The course is a seminar structured around three broad themes: science and impacts, adaptation, and solutions. To support others developing curriculum in this area, we explain these themes and share the course organization and structure, along with our experiences in teaching it. We provide relevant examples of activities and resources in the context of the goals and outcomes of APA’s “Guidelines for the Undergraduate Psychology Major.” We discuss considerations of competence and interdisciplinarity in teaching on this issue. Finally, given the magnitude and significance of climate change, we consider experiential aspects of students in the course related to stress.
Sliding mode control with deep learning method for rotor trajectory control of active magnetic bearing system
Authors: Yao Xuan , Chen Zhaobo
Published: June 2018

Active magnetic bearing (AMB) is competent in rotor trajectory control for potential applications such as mechanical processing and spindle attitude control, while the highly nonlinear and coupled dynamic characteristics especially in the condition of rotor large motion are obstacles in controller design. In this paper, a controller of AMB is proposed to achieve rotor 3D trajectory control. First, the dynamic model of the AMB-rotor system containing a nonlinear electromagnetic force model is introduced. Then the DCNN-SMC (deep convolutional neural network - sliding mode control) controller is proposed. Sliding mode control is used to achieve the tracking control with high robustness and responsiveness, and a deep convolutional neural network based on deep learning method is designed to compensate the uncertainties of the system. Finally, simulation of a 5-degree of freedom (DOF) system on various trajectories demonstrates evident control effect of the proposed controller in precision and significant effect of DCNN based on deep learning method in compensation control.
Adaptive actuator failure compensation for uncertain nonlinear fractional order strict feedback form systems
Authors: Hashtarkhani Bijan , Khosrowjerdi Mohammad Javad
Published: June 2018

In this paper, adaptive fractional control design is established for uncertain nonlinear fractional order strict feedback form systems with unknown actuator failures. The fractional actuator failure compensation problem is considered in the sense of two actuation shapes, and output matching conditions for these shapes are employed. By means of a fractional backstepping control method, two fractional adaptive state feedback control laws are designed to accomplish output tracking and to guarantee closed-loop stability in the presence of unknown actuator failures and unknown system parameters. A fractional order filter is proposed to avoid the problem of computational explosion of the backstepping design. The stability is proved via fractional order analysis method for the whole closed-loop system. Finally, simulation results for the control of fractional Chua’s circuit and fractional Genesio–Tesi systems demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed actuator failure compensation method and output tracking property along with fast convergence of unknown parameters estimations.
Interrelationships Among Self-Regulated Learning Processes: Toward a Dynamic Process-Based Model of Self-Regulated Learning
Authors: Hardy Jay H. , Day Eric Anthony , Steele Logan M.
Published: June 2018

Self-regulation and learning are fundamentally dynamic phenomena that occur at the within-person level and unfold over time. However, the majority of the extant empirical research on self-regulated learning has been conducted at the between-person level, which can obscure the true nature of interrelationships among self-regulatory mechanisms. In the present study, we seek to advance a more nuanced view of the role of self-regulation in modern training and development by presenting a novel theoretical perspective that integrates cognitive, motivational, and behavioral mechanisms central to the literature on active learning with the more dynamic theoretical principles and mechanisms underlying stage-based cognitive models of skill acquisition. Hypotheses derived from this model were tested in a laboratory study with 305 participants who practiced a dynamic computer game involving strong cognitive and perceptual-motor demands. Bivariate cross-lagged latent growth models generally supported the proposed model, revealing systematic trends over the course of practice consistent with a series of iterative, bidirectional, and self-correcting reciprocal interrelationships among self-efficacy, metacognition, exploratory behavior, and practice performance. Collectively, these findings suggest that strong positive interrelationships among self-regulated learning variables at the between-person level may, in some cases, actually belie the true nature of their functional effects. Implications for theory and practice are discussed.
The political economy of state patronage of religion: Evidence from Thailand
Authors: Larsson Tomas
Published: June 2018

Deciding the character and level of official patronage of religion are fundamental questions for all states. Yet we know next to nothing about the determinants of such patronage. Are democratic governments more or less inclined than autocratic ones to seek legitimacy through religious patronage? Is it ultimately ideological struggles that determine the extent of government backing of religion? This article addresses these questions through an analysis of the evolution of the state’s role as patron and protector of Buddhism (and other officially recognized religions) in Thailand. Specifically, it examines changes in government expenditure on Thailand’s religious bureaucracy from 1960 to 2016. It finds that democratization and ideological struggles have been the main drivers of a significant expansion of government spending on religious patronage.
Parent–Adolescent Communication and Problematic Internet Use: The Mediating Role of Fear of Missing Out (FoMO)
Authors: Alt Dorit , Boniel-Nissim Meyran
Published: June 2018

With the growing attention paid to the role of Fear of Missing Out (FoMO) as a mediator, linking deficits in psychological needs to Problematic Internet Use (PIU), this study explored the role of FoMO in partially explaining the connection between parent–child communication and the child’s PIU. Data were gathered from 270 participants of whom 45.6% 13- to 15-year-old youth (middle school students), and 54.5% 15.5- to 18-year-old adolescents (high school students). Path analysis results have corroborated the main research hypothesis, according to which positive communication activities of parents, such as listening to their children, trying to understand how they feel and what they think, and creating a positive and supportive atmosphere for discussions, can reduce FoMO experiences among adolescents, which in turn might decrease their PIU. Limitations, conclusions, and directions for further research are discussed.
Japan and Labor Migration: Theoretical and Methodological Implications of Negative Cases
Authors: Bartram David
Published: June 2018

Migration scholars have frequently emphasized the tremendous increase in international migration in recent years. But several advanced industrial countries — Japan in particular — have relatively small numbers of foreign workers. Most of the literature on labor migration relates only to “positive cases,” i.e., countries that have actually experienced significant inflows of foreign workers. This article proposes considering Japan as a “negative case” of labor migration in the post-World War II period. There has been much recent interest in the growing numbers of foreign workers in Japan, but what is most interesting about Japan is the fact that the numbers are relatively small (as a percentage of the labor force) and that they began to increase so late, in comparison to other countries. The main goal of the paper is to advocate consideration of negative cases in migration research; a proper theory of labor migration would distinguish between positive and negative cases.
The Labor Market Performance of European Immigrants in New Zealand in the 1980s and 1990s.
Authors: Winkelmann Rainer
Published: June 2018

Ever since New Zealand became a British colony in 1840, it has attracted considerable numbers of European migrants. In the 1996 Population Census, 80 percent of the 3.6 million New Zealand residents claim European ethnic descent. While European immigration always has been, and continues to be, dominated by the UK, some noticeable Dutch immigration took place since 1950. Beginning in the 1960s, the overall share of European migration started a downward trend, with more and more immigrants arriving from the Pacific Islands and Asia.
Immigration Control in United Germany: Toward a Broader Scope of National Policies
Authors: Rotte Ralph
Published: June 2018

According to the mainstream literature on globalization and international migration, the nation-state's ability to manage immigration pressures has been massively reduced in recent decades. Contrary to this view, this article demonstrates that immigration control based on national structures may still work successfully if governments broaden their approach to the problem and make it a topic of all areas of policy, including foreign affairs and economic policy. A survey of German migration policy since reunification is given as an example of basically effective immigration control by government action adapting to the new challenges in the field.
Migration Control in Germany and the United States
Authors: Vogel Dita
Published: June 2018

Both Germany and the United States make efforts to ensure that only those considered eligible by their laws immigrate. This article develops a framework for the systematic analysis of migration control and comparatively surveys German and U.S. efforts step by step. Most differences can be interpreted as the choice between conflicting policy objectives. In highlighting these choices, the article aims to increase sensitivity for gains or losses in other arenas due to certain migration control measures. Specifically, the trade-off between international economic integration, discrimination prevention, crime prevention and tax collection on the one hand are discussed with migration control discussed on the other hand.
Exit, Voice, and Hostility in Cuba
Authors: Colomer Josep M.
Published: June 2018

Albert Hirschman's categories of ‘exit,’ Voice,’ and ‘loyalty,’ which were previously applied to the analysis of emigration and protests in East Germany, are discussed and applied to the case of Cuba. Incentives for different types of action which may be derived from policy decisions regarding migration, as well as information and repression, are placed in the context of the strategic interaction between the United States and Cuban governments. A game-theoretic model of the typical Cold War conflict between the two former German regimes is compared with the US-Cuba interaction regarding migration policy. In spite of some coincidence between the two governments to prefer ‘exit,’ successive waves of emigration of people from Castro's Cuba to the United States in the period 1959–1995 have induced an increasing degree of cooperation between the two governments over time to close off borders.

“Latin American powerholders have long encouraged their potential enemies and potential critics to remove themselves from the scene through voluntary exile.” Albert O. Hirschman, Exit, Voice, and Loyalty, 1970:60.
Changes in the Geographic Concentration and Location of Residence of Immigrants
Authors: Funkhouser Edward
Published: June 2018

Increases in the number and size of enclaves of the new immigrant groups from Latin America and Asia during the 1980s have changed the ethnic composition of many American cities. I have classified primary and secondary enclave networks for each immigrant country of origin in order to examine changes in the geographic concentration of immigrants. First I calculated the Duncan index of dissimilarity for immigrants relative to natives at the metropolitan area level. I then use individual-level data to follow immigrant cohorts over time in order to examine how time in the United States is associated with movements from primary enclaves to other geographic areas in the immigrant networks. There is movement from the primary enclave to the periphery of the primary enclave, to areas of smaller groupings of immigrants from the same country of origin, and to areas that do not have large groupings of immigrants from the same country. It is significant that many of these changes in location occur quite late in the assimilation process.
Does Background Matter? The Transmission of Human Capital from a Planned to a Market Economy
Authors: Gang Ira N. , Stuart Robert C.
Published: June 2018

The early U.S. economic achievement of former Soviet citizens entering the United States during the period 1979 through 1985 is analyzed. Using the Soviet Interview Project (SIP) data, components of human capital acquired in the former Soviet Union (FSU) are identified and related to labor force participation and income outcomes in the United States. FSU education, experience and industry variables have important, variable and differing impacts upon both participation and income, and such outcomes differ for males and females. FSU immigrants’ income is below U.S. income. Differing rates of return to characteristics, not the endowments themselves, are responsible for observed differentials.
Immigrant Entrepreneurship and Business Patterns: A Comparison of Koreans and Iranians in Los Angeles
Authors: Min Pyong Gap , Bozorgmehr Mehdi
Published: June 2018

There are currently two theoretically controversial issues concerning immigrant and ethnic entrepreneurship in the literature, one on its causes and the other on its consequences. The first is the debate about whether ethnic or class resources are more central to the establishment of immigrant/ethnic businesses. The second issue is whether there is a causal connection between ethnic business and ethnic solidarity. Based on a comparison of the two most entrepreneurial immigrant groups in Los Angeles (Koreans and Iranians), this article addresses both issues. Korean immigrants rely more on ethnic resources, whereas Iranians depend more on class resources. Relative utilization of class vs. ethnic resources determines the patterns of immigrant/ethnic businesses rather than their development in the first place. Korean businesses on average are smaller, more concentrated, and serve more co-ethnic and low-income minority customers, while Iranian immigrants are larger, more dispersed, and largely serve white customers. As a result, Koreans have encountered severe intergroup conflict, whereas Iranians have sidestepped it. Our comparison of these two groups suggests that only middleman businesses strengthen ethnic solidarity, although all types of immigrant/ethnic businesses may contribute to ethnic attachment. Paying special attention to business patterns (e.g., size, type, and location) — much neglected variables in research on immigrant/ethnic entrepreneurship — helps in resolving both theoretical issues.
Race, Ethnicity and Nativity, Family Structure, Socioeconomic Status and Welfare Dependency
Authors: Ono Hiromi , Becerra Rosina M.
Published: June 2018

There is major policy interest in knowing whether immigrants are more likely to depend on (as opposed to temporarily participate in) welfare compared to native-born persons. However, little systematic empirical research has directly addressed this question. Using longitudinal surveys from the California Work Pays Demonstration Project, a mother's chance of welfare dependency in a time interval is examined. In general, the results are not consistent with the perspective that foreign-born race and ethnic subgroups are more likely to depend on AFDC than are native-born race and ethnic subgroups. This finding holds true irrespective of whether socioeconomic and demographic characteristics are controlled.
European Courts and Foreigners’ Rights: A Comparative Study of Norms Diffusion
Authors: Guiraudon Virginie
Published: June 2018

This article analyzes the extent to which the European Court of Human Rights and the European Court of Justice have developed norms relevant to the status of non-(EU) nationals and the ways in which they have affected domestic law, focusing on the case of aliens’ rights in France, Germany and the Netherlands since 1974. The impact of European jurisprudence has been modest and varies across cases. Notwithstanding, a cross-national process-tracing study of the effect of two international jurisdictions serves to identify the requisites for the diffusion of international norms including the attitude towards international law of national judiciaries, the mobilization of legal aid groups, and the preexistence of compatible norms at the domestic level.
The Role of Ghanaian Immigrant Associations in Toronto, Canada
Authors: Owusu Thomas Y.
Published: June 2018

Using information collected in a questionnaire survey, this article investigates the role of Ghanaian immigrant associations in Toronto to illustrate how a group of recent African immigrants organizes itself to address needs related to their settlement in a new country. The study finds that Ghanaians have established a relatively large network of township, ethnic, and national associations. The associations fulfill a wide variety of economic, cultural, social and political functions related to the needs of the immigrants in the new country. At the same time, the associations serve their needs in the homeland: the immigrants use them to contribute to community development efforts, fight for certain political rights, and maintain ties to the homeland. Analysis showed that length of residence, level of education, income, and residential location were the most important determinants of membership in Ghanaian associations.