bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Predictors of social anxiety disorder with major depressive episodes among Japanese university students
Authors: Watanabe Shinya , Mitsui Nobuyuki , Asakura Satoshi , Toyoshima Kuniyoshi , Takanobu Keisuke , Fujii Yutaka , Kako Yuki , Kusumi Ichiro
Published: September 2021

Background

Social anxiety disorder (SAD) develops in the early teens and is a common disorder among university students. Understanding the predictive factors of SAD comorbid with major depressive episode (MDE) is important for student mental health care. The aim of this study was to identify the personality traits that predict SAD with MDE by analyzing longitudinal data of Japanese university students.

Methods

In this retrospective study, Japanese university students who visited the health care center of Hokkaido University for the first time were divided into the following four groups: “Control” (n = 43), “MDE” (n = 16), “SAD” (n = 28), and “SAD with MDE” (n = 61) based on the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale, and core anxiety symptoms for SAD in the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview during screening. Predictors for SAD with MDE were identified by a four-group comparison of the Temperament and Character Inventory and PHQ-9 data previously obtained at the enrollment using analysis of variance and post-hoc tests.

Results

Upon comparing the four groups using analysis of variance, there were significant differences in the baseline PHQ-9 summary score, Harm-Avoidance (HA), and Self-Directedness (SD). According to results of the post-hoc test, all three showed a significant difference between the “Control” and “SAD with MDE.” Furthermore, there was a significant difference in HA scores between “SAD” and “Control.” In all the groups, the mean time from enrollment to the first visit to the center was >2 years.

Conclusion

A higher HA score at baseline is a predictor of SAD with or without MDE. Higher PHQ-9 summary and lower SD scores at baseline are predictive factors of SAD with MDE.
Enhancing research and scholarly experiences based on students’ awareness and perception of the research-teaching nexus: A student-centred approach
Authors: Howell Katherine
Published: September 2021

Objectives

Research is a core competency of a modern-day doctor and evidence-based practice underpins a career in medicine. Early exposure encourages graduates to embed research in their medical career and improves graduate attributes and student experience. However, there is wide variability of research and scholarly experiences offered in medicals schools, many developed with a significant degree of pragmatism based on resources and financial and time constraints. We examined undergraduate medical students’ awareness and experience of research throughout their degree to provide recommendations for implementation and improvement of research and scholarly experiences.

Method

Focus groups were conducted with medical students at all five stages of the medical degree programme. Data was coded to facilitate qualitative analysis for identification of important themes from each stage.

Results

Students reported positive impacts of research on undergraduate experience, future career and society in general. Two important themes emerged from the data, the opportunity for research and timing of research experiences. Early-stage students were concerned by their lack of experience and opportunity, whereas later-stage students identified the importance of research to employability, personal development and good medical practice, but ironically suggested it should be integrated in early stages of the course due to limitations of time.

Conclusions

Students provided feedback for improving research and scholarly experiences, ideally involving early exposure, a clear programme overview, with equality of access and a longitudinal approach. An emerging framework is proposed summarising the important issues identified by students and the positive impacts research experiences provide for them. These recommendations can be applied to both existing and new research programmes to provide a student-centred approach designed to augment the students’ critical analysis, inspire life-long learning, enhance the student experience and inevitably train better physicians.
Potential considerations in decision making on laparoscopic colorectal resections in Hungary based on administrative data
Authors: Benedek Zsófia , Surján Cecília , Belicza Éva
Published: September 2021

Background

Laparoscopic colorectal surgeries offer numerous advantages over their open counterparts. To compare these measurable short-time outcomes of open and laparoscopic resections in Hungary, data of colorectal surgeries were collected and analysed. The study focused on identifying patients’ characteristics that can influence the decision on laparoscopic colorectal resections and on comparing efficiency of Hungarian colorectal operations with international data.

Methods

Using patients’ data of laparoscopic and open colorectal surgery performed in 2015 and 2016 from the National Health Insurance Fund of Hungary, a countrywide retrospective comparative analysis was done. Logistic regression was used to explore main influencing factors for laparoscopic colorectal surgery.

Results

A total of 17,876 colorectal surgical cases, including 14,876 open and 3,000 laparoscopic resections were selected and analysed. Laparoscopy was used only in 16.78% of all cases. Comparison of age groups showed that odds ratio (OR) of laparoscopic colorectal resections was significantly lower in over 40 years than in younger patients (18–39 years). In university institutes patients had higher odds (OR: 2.23 p<0.0001) for laparoscopic colorectal resections. Presence of comorbidity codes and preoperative treatment in internal medicine department decreased odds for laparoscopic colorectal operations.

Conclusions

Patients’ age, comorbidities and hospital type influenced the likelihood of decision on laparoscopic colorectal resection. Selection of patients contributed to improved laparoscopic outcomes.
Prevalence and contextual factors associated with compassion fatigue among nurses in northern Uganda
Authors: Kabunga Amir , Anyayo Lucas Goodgame , Okalo Ponsiano , Apili Brenda , Nalwoga Viola , Udho Samson
Published: September 2021

Background

Compassion fatigue is associated with negative consequences that undermine workplace performance. However, literature is scarce on compassion fatigue among nurses in the context of Uganda who are at higher risk of compassion fatigue owed to the nature of their occupation and the unfavorable work environment. We aimed to assess the prevalence and predictors of compassion fatigue among nurses in Northern Uganda.

Methods

We conducted a cross-sectional survey among 395 randomly selected nurses from two referral and four general hospitals in Northern Uganda. Data was collected using a self-administered questionnaire. Data analysis consisted of descriptive statistics, cross-tabulations, and logistic regression at a 95% level of significance in SPSS version 25.

Results

Of 395 nurses who took part in the study, 58.2% were female, 39.8% had a diploma, 47.1% were single, and 32.4% had worked for between 11–15 years. Close to 50% of the nurses experienced compassion fatigue. The predictors of compassion fatigue among the participants were; workplace bullying (AOR: 3.83; 95% CI: 1.99–7.36; p = <0.001) career enhancement opportunities (AOR: 9.16; 95% CI: 2.32–36.22; p = 0.002; and remuneration (AOR: 7.30; 95% CI: 2.73–19.49; p = <0.001).

Conclusion

More than 3 in 4 nurses in Northern Uganda experience compassion fatigue. The Ministry of Health together with other stakeholders should strive to increase career enhancement opportunities for nurses, improve nurses’ remuneration and improve the overall workplace environment to prevent compassion fatigue among nurses in the country.
Comparative analysis of the unbinding pathways of antiviral drug Indinavir from HIV and HTLV1 proteases by supervised molecular dynamics simulation
Authors: Sohraby Farzin , Aryapour Hassan
Published: September 2021

Determining the unbinding pathways of potential small molecule compounds from their target proteins is of great significance for designing efficacious treatment solutions. One of these potential compounds is the approved HIV-1 protease inhibitor, Indinavir, which has a weak effect on the HTLV-1 protease. In this work, by employing the SuMD method, we reconstructed the unbinding pathways of Indinavir from HIV and HTLV-1 proteases to compare and understand the mechanism of the unbinding and to discover the reasons for the lack of inhibitory activity of Indinavir against the HTLV-1 protease. We achieved multiple unbinding events from both HIV and HTLV-1 proteases in which the RMSD values of Indinavir reached over 40 Å. Also, we found that the mobility and fluctuations of the flap region are higher in the HTLV-1 protease, making the drug less stable. We realized that critically positioned aromatic residues such as Trp98/Trp98′ and Phe67/Phe67′ in the HTLV-1 protease could make strong π-Stacking interactions with Indinavir in the unbinding pathway, which are unfavorable for the stability of Indinavir in the active site. The details found in this study can make a reasonable explanation for the lack of inhibitory activity of this drug against HTLV-1 protease. We believe the details discovered in this work can help design more effective and selective inhibitors for the HTLV-1 protease.
Transcription factors Krüppel-like factor 4 and paired box 5 regulate the expression of the Grainyhead-like genes
Authors: Kotarba Grzegorz , Taracha-Wisniewska Agnieszka , Miller Michal , Dabrowski Michal , Wilanowski Tomasz
Published: September 2021

Genes from the Grainyhead-like (GRHL) family code for transcription factors necessary for the development and maintenance of various epithelia. These genes are also very important in the development of many types of cancer. However, little is known about the regulation of expression of GRHL genes. Previously, there were no systematic analyses of the promoters of GRHL genes or transcription factors that bind to these promoters. Here we report that the Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) and the paired box 5 factor (PAX5) bind to the regulatory regions of the GRHL genes and regulate their expression. Ectopic expression of KLF4 or PAX5 alters the expression of GRHL genes. In KLF4-overexpressing HEK293 cells, the expression of GRHL1 and GRHL3 genes was upregulated by 32% and 60%, respectively, whereas the mRNA level of GRHL2 gene was lowered by 28% when compared to the respective controls. The levels of GRHL1 and GRHL3 expression were decreased by 30% or 33% in PAX5-overexpressing HEK293 cells. The presence of minor frequency allele of single nucleotide polymorphism rs115898376 in the promoter of the GRHL1 gene affected the binding of KLF4 to this site. The evidence presented here suggests an important role of KLF4 and PAX5 in the regulation of expression of GRHL1-3 genes.
Floor vibrations for motivation and feedback in the rat vibration actuating search task
Authors: Lawrence-Sidebottom Darian , Schmidt Michelle A. , Harvey Daniel O. , Van Dongen Hans P. A. , Davis Christopher J.
Published: September 2021

Motivating rodents to perform cognitive tasks often relies on the application of aversive stimuli. The Vibration Actuating Search Task (VAST) is a novel open-field task in which gradient floor vibration provides motivation for the rodent to navigate in the direction of diminishing vibration to an unmarked target destination. Using floor vibration as a motivational stimulus may overcome several of the potential confounds associated with stimuli used in other tasks. In a series of three experiments, we determined whether (1) rats exhibit place preference for floor vibration over other aversive stimuli (i.e., water, foot shock, and bright light), (2) exposure to floor vibration is associated with a lower corticosterone response than exposure to these other stimuli, (3) rats successfully acquire the VAST, and (4) VAST performance is sensitive to 6 h of sleep deprivation (SD). Our results showed that rats exhibited place preference for vibration over water, foot shock, and bright light environments, and that corticosterone levels were lower in rats exposed to vibration than those exposed to water. VAST performance also significantly improved over two days of testing for some metrics, and SD impaired VAST performance. Overall, we conclude that (1) rats exhibit place preference for vibration over other stimuli commonly used to motivate task performance, (2) the vibrations employed by the VAST produce lower concentrations of circulating corticosterone than forced swimming, (3) rats can learn to use gradient floor vibration as a mode of performance feedback within two days of testing, and (4) VAST performance is substantially impaired by SD. Thus, the VAST is an effective and practical testbed for studying the mechanisms by which SD causes deficits in feedback-dependent decision making.
Effects of political versus expert messaging on vaccination intentions of Trump voters
Authors: Robertson Christopher T. , Bentele Keith , Meyerson Beth , Wood Alex S. A. , Salwa Jackie
Published: September 2021

To increase COVID-19 vaccine uptake in resistant populations, such as Republicans, focus groups suggest that it is best to de-politicize the issue by sharing five facts from a public health expert. Yet polls suggest that Trump voters trust former President Donald Trump for medical advice more than they trust experts. We conducted an online, randomized, national experiment among 387 non-vaccinated Trump voters, using two brief audiovisual artifacts from Spring 2021, either facts delivered by an expert versus political claims delivered by President Trump. Relative to the control group, Trump voters who viewed the video of Trump endorsing the vaccine were 85% more likely to answer “yes” as opposed to “no” in their intention to get fully vaccinated (RRR = 1.85, 95% CI 1.01 to 3.40; P = .048). There were no significant differences between those hearing the public health expert excerpt and the control group (for “yes” relative to “no” RRR = 1.14, 95% CI 0.61 to 2.12; P = .68). These findings suggest that a political speaker’s endorsement of the COVID-19 vaccine may increase uptake among those who identify with that speaker. Contrary to highly-publicized focus group findings, our randomized experiment found that an expert’s factually accurate message may not be effectual to increase vaccination intentions.
Influenza A virus segments five and six can harbor artificial introns allowing expanded coding capacity
Authors: Froggatt Heather M. , Burke Kaitlyn N. , Chaparian Ryan R. , Miranda Hector A. , Zhu Xinyu , Chambers Benjamin S. , Heaton Nicholas S.
Published: September 2021

Influenza A viruses encode their genomes across eight, negative sense RNA segments. The six largest segments produce mRNA transcripts that do not generally splice; however, the two smallest segments are actively spliced to produce the essential viral proteins NEP and M2. Thus, viral utilization of RNA splicing effectively expands the viral coding capacity without increasing the number of genomic segments. As a first step towards understanding why splicing is not more broadly utilized across genomic segments, we designed and inserted an artificial intron into the normally nonsplicing NA segment. This insertion was tolerated and, although viral mRNAs were incompletely spliced, we observed only minor effects on viral fitness. To take advantage of the unspliced viral RNAs, we encoded a reporter luciferase gene in frame with the viral ORF such that when the intron was not removed the reporter protein would be produced. This approach, which we also show can be applied to the NP encoding segment and in different viral genetic backgrounds, led to high levels of reporter protein expression with minimal effects on the kinetics of viral replication or the ability to cause disease in experimentally infected animals. These data together show that the influenza viral genome is more tolerant of splicing than previously appreciated and this knowledge can be leveraged to develop viral genetic platforms with utility for biotechnology applications.
Selective autophagic receptor NbNBR1 prevents NbRFP1-mediated UPS-dependent degradation of βC1 to promote geminivirus infection
Authors: Zhou Tingting , Zhang Mingzhen , Gong Pan , Li Fangfang , Zhou Xueping
Published: September 2021

Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved, lysosomal/vacuolar degradation mechanism that targets cell organelles and macromolecules. Autophagy and autophagy-related genes have been studied for their antiviral and pro-viral roles in virus-infected plants. Here, we demonstrate the pro-viral role of a selective autophagic receptor NbNBR1 in geminivirus-infected Nicotiana benthamiana plants. The βC1 protein encoded by tomato yellow leaf curl China betasatellite (TYLCCNB) that is associated with tomato yellow leaf curl China virus (TYLCCNV) enhanced the expression level of NbNBR1. Then NbNBR1 interacted with βC1 to form cytoplasmic granules. Interaction of NbNBR1 with βC1 could prevent degradation of βC1 by the NbRFP1, an E3 ligase. Overexpression of NbNBR1 in N. benthamiana plants increased βC1 accumulation and promoted virus infection. In contrast, silencing or knocking out NbNBR1 expression in N. benthamiana suppressed βC1 accumulation and inhibited virus infection. A single amino acid substitution in βC1 (βC1K4A) abolished its interaction with NbNBR1, leading to a reduced level of βC1K4A. The TYLCCNV/TYLCCNBK4A mutant virus caused milder disease symptoms and accumulated much less viral genomic DNAs in the infected plants. Collectively, the results presented here show how a viral satellite-encoded protein hijacks host autophagic receptor NbNBR1 to form cytoplasmic granules to protect itself from NbRFP1-mediated degradation and facilitate viral infection.
Impact of Alcohol Abstinence on the Risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Patients With Alcohol-Related Liver Cirrhosis
Authors: Rodríguez Manuel , González-Diéguez María Luisa , Varela María , Cadahía Valle , Andrés-Vizán Sara María , Mesa Alicia , Castaño Andrés , Alvarez-Navascués Carmen
Published: September 2021

INTRODUCTION:

Although alcohol cessation is the only effective treatment for alcohol-related liver disease, few data exist concerning its influence on the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We aimed to evaluate the effect of alcohol abstinence on the incidence of HCC in patients with alcohol-related cirrhosis.

METHODS:

We studied 727 patients with alcohol-related cirrhosis (247 with compensated disease and 480 with previous decompensation) who were included in a surveillance program for the early detection of HCC and prospectively followed. Baseline clinical and biological parameters and alcohol consumption during follow-up were recorded. Abstinence was defined as the absence of any alcohol use.

RESULTS:

During follow-up (median 54 months), 354 patients (48.7%) remained abstinent and 104 developed HCC (2.3 per 100 person-years). Factors independently associated with the risk of HCC among patients with previous decompensation were age, male gender, and aspartate aminotransferase, whereas abstinence was not linked to a reduced risk (hazard ratio 0.95; 95% confidence interval 0.59–1.52). However, among patients without previous decompensation, prothrombin activity and abstinence were independently associated with the risk of HCC. Abstinent patients had a significant decrease in the risk of developing tumor (hazard ratio 0.35; 95% confidence interval 0.13–0.94). These results did not change after applying a competing risk analysis where death and liver transplantation were considered as competing events.

DISCUSSION:

Alcohol abstinence reduced the risk of HCC in patients with alcohol-related cirrhosis, but only in those without a history of decompensated disease. This finding emphasizes the need for an early diagnosis of alcohol-related liver disease and for implementing strategies leading to an increase in the rate of achieving and maintaining abstinence among this population.
Least Squares Adjustment with a Rank-Deficient Weight Matrix and Its Applicability to Image/Lidar Data Processing
Authors: Ravi Radhika , Habib Ayman
Published: September 2021

This article proposes a solution to special least squares adjustment (LSA) models with a rank-deficient weight matrix, which are commonly encountered in geomatics. The two sources of rank deficiency in weight matrices are discussed: naturally occurring due to the inherent characteristics
of LSA mathematical models and artificially induced to eliminate nuisance parameters from LSA estimation. The physical interpretation of the sources of rank deficiency is demonstrated using a case study to solve the problem of 3D line fitting, which is often encountered in geomatics
but has not been addressed fully to date. Finally, some geomatics-related applications—mobile lidar system calibration, point cloud registration, and single-photo resection—are discussed along with respective experimental results, to emphasize the need to assess LSA models
and their weight matrices to draw inferences regarding the effective contribution of observations. The discussion and results demonstrate the vast applications of this research in geomatics as well as other engineering domains.
Early Classification Method for US Corn and Soybean by Incorporating MODIS-Estimated Phenological Data and Historical Classification Maps in Random-Forest Regression Algorithm
Authors: Sakamoto Toshihiro
Published: September 2021

An early crop classification method is functionally required in a near-real-time crop-yield prediction system, especially for upland crops. This study proposes methods to estimate the mixed-pixel ratio of corn, soybean, and other classes within a low-resolution MODIS pixel by coupling
MODIS-derived crop phenology information and the past Cropland Data Layer in a random-forest regression algorithm. Verification of the classification accuracy was conducted for the Midwestern United States. The following conclusions are drawn: The use of the random-forest algorithm is effective
in estimating the mixed-pixel ratio, which leads to stable classification accuracy; the fusion of historical data and MODIS-derived crop phenology information provides much better crop classification accuracy than when these are used individually; and the input of a longer MODIS data period
can improve classification accuracy, especially after day of year 279, because of improved estimation accuracy for the soybean emergence date.
Arquivos Pessoais no radar do Tempo Presente. Dimensões e possibilidades nos estudos acadêmicos
Authors: Cunha Maria Teresa Santos , Almeida Doris Bittencourt
Published: September 2021

Neste texto, discutem-se as condições de produção, conservação e utilização de arquivos pessoais de professores universitários, sujeitos dotados de intelectualidade, e suas inscrições na História da Educação, mediadas pela experiência investigativa da História do Tempo Presente. Tal abordagem contempla, em diferentes temporalidades, as dimensões e possibilidades dos arquivos pessoais desses educadores em que o estudo de tais trajetórias de vida no tempo presente, permite reconfigurações de passados. Salienta-se, igualmente, o uso desses documentos como meio de investigar ações individuais como coletivas que atravessaram a vida cotidiana e acadêmica de Balduíno Antonio Andreolla (UFRGS) e Walter Fernando Piazza (UFSC), entre as décadas de 1950 a 1990. Problematizar gestos intencionais de guardar papeis do passado permite pensar se tais experiências podem ser consideradas memoráveis nos percursos dos professores a ponto de ocuparem lugar em suas gavetas. Guardaram para não esquecerem? Seria a preservação um modo de buscarem, em vida, uma espécie de musealização de sua memória?
Notas filosóficas provisionales sobre la esencia del cristianismo
Authors: García-Baró Miguel
Published: September 2021

La sustancia del cristianismo está en la idea —por completo deslumbrante y desbaratadora de tantas otras ideas— de que la humanidad y la divinidad se unen; o sea, de que esta humanidad tantas veces diabólica es, sin embargo, capaz de Dios; y lo es no por su condición natural sino por divina condescendencia, aunque suscitando ésta las máximas energías del ser humano. Sólo que estas energías muchas veces deben dedicarse a la destrucción del mal en uno mismo, a una especie de desconstrucción de la figura que se va formando a medida que se vive, más aún que a construir ninguna otra. Sólo la inocencia, sólo una aparente imposible segunda inocencia, una segunda infancia, es la capacidad de Dios.
Influence of non-selective beta-adrenoblocker on chemotaxis and migration of cells in vitro, in the aspect of the treatment of juvenile hemangiomas
Authors: Dubenskiy V.
Published: September 2021

Juvenile hemangiomas (JG) - the most common tumor of childhood, which is estimated by various investigators found in 3-10% of newborns resulting from the local development of significant violations of neoangiogenesis regulation. A new approach in the pharmacotherapy of juvenile hemangiomas (JG) is based on the efficacy of beta-adrenoblocker (β-AB), and the local therapy of juvenile hemangiomas (JG) by beta – adrenoblocker (β-AB) is the most topical method of treatment of focal superficial hemangiomas. Understanding of the mechanism of antiangiogenic effect of β-AB is important for widespread use in the treatment of children with juvenile hemangiomas (JG). Given the significant hyperproliferative growth patterns, variability of cytoarchitectonic juvenile hemangiomas (JG) and prerequisites for external application of beta-adrenoblocker (β-AB), performed a study of the influence of timolol on active migration in vitro cell cultures in three lines: HDMEC - culture of endothelial cells, HaCat - line keratinocytes, L-929 – сulture of fibroblasts, chemotaxis was studied in cultured endothelial cells (HDMEC). Experimental tests in vitro indicate the total absence of negative influence on the viability of timolol, mobility and migration of endothelial cells, fibroblasts and keratinocytes. The results of the studies testify to the safety of nonselective beta-adrenoblocker and the absence of a direct negative effect on the cells, which in combination with high efficiency, allows to recommend the use of timolol for the treatment of focal superficial juvenile hemangiomas.
The histological patterns of inflammation in erythroderma
Authors: Zaslavsky D. , Chuprov I. , Nasyrov R. , Sidikov A. , Maksimova M. , Wenzel J. , Tatarskaya O.
Published: September 2021

Background: Erythroderma is a serious medical condition characterized by inflamed red skin, involving over 90% of the body. It can be a common presentation of different diseases, therefore clinical diagnosis can be problematic. Controversial data are reported regarding the diagnostic value of histological examination in erythroderma subjects. Methods: A retrospective study on histological skin specimens of patients admitted with a clinical diagnosis of erythroderma at the Department of Pathological anatomy with course of department of forensic medicine of State Pediatric Medical University, Saint-Petersburg, and derpatment of dermatolopathology of University clinic of Bonn from 2001 to 2014, was performed. Histopathology examination was performed in each case by a pathologist with a special interest in the skin disease who was blind to any clinical information as well as to final diagnosis. Results: Blinded histopathology examination alone was able to give the correct diagnosis in 61% (n=50/82) of cases when compared to final diagnosis. A diagnosis of psoriasis was made in 23.2% (n=19/82) of subjects, spongiotic dermatitis/eczema in 20.7% (n=17/82), mycosis fungoides in 8.5% (n=7/82) and drug eruption in 8.5%; histological diagnosis was inconclusive or not matching the final diagnosis when available in the remaining 39.1% of cases (n=32/82). Conclusion: Erythroderma remains a condition difficult to study and treat. We showed that a correct judgment about its cause can be based on objective histopathological criteria in up to 60% of cases. More studies are needed to try to find out further histological and/or immunohistochemical and molecular-genetic markers which could help the clinician in erythroderma aetiololgy diagnostic process.
3D Reproductions of Cultural Heritage Artifacts: Evaluation of Significance and Experience
Authors: Malik Umair Shafqat , Tissen Liselore , Vermeeren Arnold
Published: September 2021

3D digitization of cultural heritage has long been used to preserve information about cultural heritage (CH) objects such as architecture, art, and artifacts. 3D dissemination of CH objects through technologies such as augmented reality, virtual reality, and 3D printing have impacted the fields of art history and cultural heritage and have become more common. Yet, studies that go beyond the technical aspects of 3D technology and treat such topics as their significance for restoration, conservation, engagement, education, research, and ethics hardly exist. The aim of this paper is twofold: on the one hand, it aims to get a better understanding of the applicability of each technology for different purposes (education, research, conservation/restoration, and museum presentation), and, on the other hand, it focuses on the perception of these technologies. This research was carried out by combining a literature review with quantitative and qualitative analyses of the data acquired through (1) a questionnaire of eleven questions and (2) a workshop with a group of specialists and non-specialists who were asked to brainstorm about the different uses of the 3D technologies and their applicability to their areas of work and research. Based on the analysis of these quantitative and qualitative data, we provide some criteria for using 3D digitized and printed reproductions to enhance cultural experiences. The results demonstrate the importance of carefully designing 3D interactions in the personal and cultural contexts of end-users and cultural institutions in order to create authentic cultural experiences.
Elevating the Voices for All Learners through Shared Stories of Science Learning
Authors:   The College of New Jersey, Madden Lauren , Carroll Stuart Z. ,   The College of New Jersey, Schuler Amy K. ,   The College of New Jersey
Published: September 2021

This study examines the science learning experiences across the lifespan of two groups of college students: adults with intellectual and/or developmental disabilities in a post-secondary inclusive program, and adults in a preservice secondary education teacher candidate program. Data, in the form of personal narrativescience storieswere collected using a paired-interview approach in which students from each group interviewed one another about their science learning across their lifespans, and recorded responses using an online form. Across the stories, several clear themes emerged. Similarities and differences were found across and within the groups and are shared in a narrative format. Trends that emerged both across and within groups are shared,and recommendations are made for current and future teachers for best practices in teaching science to all students, including those with a variety of disabilities.
Semi-leptonic decays of a particle to three bodies
Authors: Rozo-Clavijo Mauricio , Cortés-Hernández Carlos Germán , Olarte-Torres Javier Alberto
Published: September 2021

Is presented the dynamics and kinematics of the semi-leptonic decays with interaction  V-A calculating the decay width and the fraction of decay for each process using spectator model. The results are compared with the experimental data of the table particle data group, which show that the model prediction for this type of decay can be considered as a first approximation. This type of analysis is particularly important because it allows one hand, introduce to the beginner students to the study of particle physics and on the other gives the possibility to use strategies to address topics modern in physics courses at university level.
Subcampos de aplicación de la psicología jurídica
Authors: Cañas Serrano Juan José , Carvajal-Builes Juan Camilo , Devia Vega Elías , Jiménez-Molina José Raúl , López Cantero Ever José , Murillo Carlos Alfonso , Quintero-Cárdenas Carlos José , Quiroga-Baquero Luis Alberto , Jiménez Ardila Luis Orlando
Published: September 2021

This book presents the definition of legal psychology as an area of specialization within general psychology and some of the applied fields that constitute the work of the professional who is concentrating on this area of expertise. Its objective is to present, indirectly, a different approach to the forensic one, which seeks to clarify, both to the expert and to the layman, that judicial court is not the only scene in which legal psychologists can work. The chapters correspond to academic products that illustrate the lines of research that have been developing in parallel with the exercise of the law and the function of justice management, related to intervention or approaching victims, criminals, witnesses and people in judicial conciliation processes, as well as intervention with children and adolescents in vulnerable social and family conditions to contribute to the restoration of their rights.
In situ polymerization of PEDOT:PSS films based on EMI-TFSI and the analysis of electrochromic performance
Authors: Jiang Haiyun , Wu Wei , Chang Zigong , Zeng Hailan , Liang Ronglian , Zhang Weiran , Zhang Weili , Wu Guohua , Li Ziyu , Wang Haifei
Published: September 2021

In this report, PEDOT composite films were prepared by in situ electrochemical polymerization. 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazole bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (EMI-TFSI) was used as an ionic liquid dopant for PEDOT:PSS films. Subsequently, these PEDOT:PSS/EMI-TFSI films were compared with PEDOT:PSS films based on their morphology, structure, electrochromic properties, and optical properties at different deposition voltages and deposition times. It was observed that the addition of EMI-TFSI enhanced all the aforementioned properties of the films. PEDOT:PSS/EMI-TFSI films were seen to have a larger ion diffusion coefficient (1.38 × 10−20 cm2·s−1), a wider color change range (43.48%), a shorter response time (coloring response time = 1.2 s; fade response time = 2 s), and a higher coloring efficiency (189.86 cm2·C−1) when compared with normal PEDOT:PSS films. The introduction of EMI-TFSI in the films ultimately resulted in superior electrochemical and optical properties along with higher stability.
Physical stability and rheological behavior of Pickering emulsions stabilized by protein–polysaccharide hybrid nanoconjugates
Authors: Wong See Kiat , Low Liang Ee , Supramaniam Janarthanan , Manickam Sivakumar , Wong Tin Wui , Pang Cheng Heng , Tang Siah Ying
Published: September 2021

This study investigated the emulsifying properties of a protein–polysaccharide hybrid nanoconjugate system comprising cellulose nanocrystals (CNC, 1% w/v) and soy protein isolate at various concentrations (SPI, 1–3% w/v). The average particle size of the nanoconjugate increased, and the zeta potential decreased when 3% (w/v) of SPI was used. The contact angle and thermal stability of CNC improved with the conjugation of SPI. Upon Pickering emulsification, 0.5% (w/v) of CNC–SPI nanoconjugate as particle stabilizer was sufficient to obtain stable emulsions. The CNC–SPI1 formulation (CNC to SPI, 1:1) provided the emulsion with the smallest droplet size and higher emulsifying activity. Intriguingly, ultrasound (US) pre-treatment on nanoconjugates before emulsification significantly reduced the size of the emulsion. The rheological assessment demonstrated that the CNC–SPI-stabilized emulsions exhibit shear thinning behavior at a lower shear rate and shear thickening behavior at a higher shear rate, indicating the interruption of existing attractive interactions between the CNC particles. All emulsions exhibited higher elastic modulus (G′) than viscous modulus (G″), suggesting high viscoelastic properties of the emulsions. This study demonstrates that CNC–SPI nanoconjugate with optimum protein to polysaccharide ratio has great potential as a natural particle stabilizer in food and nutraceutical emulsion applications.
Relation Between Scouting Combine and Game Performance Among Defensive National Players in the Canadian Football League
Authors: Pincivero Danny M. , Vandeweerd Joshua
Published: September 2021

Pincivero, DM and Vandeweerd, J. Relation between scouting combine and game performance among defensive national players in the Canadian Football League. J Strength Cond Res 35(12S): S5–S10, 2021—The objective of this study was to examine the relation between fitness testing and draft order on professional performance of defensive national players in the Canadian Football League. A retrospective analysis (2006–2019) was completed for all subjects at the National Scouting Combine (NSC) and included height, body mass, 40 yard (38 m) dash, bench press, vertical jump, broad jump, and the shuttle run. A compiled variable for all NSC results was derived by calculating averaged Z-scores (Zavg). Multiple regression analyses revealed that the draft order was significantly predicted by the 40 yard dash and Zavg for the defensive linemen, Zavg for the linebackers, and the broad jump for the defensive backs. The broad jump and the 40 yard dash were significant predictors of total and special teams tackles per game for the defensive linemen. The draft order significantly predicted games played and defensive tackles per game, whereas the broad jump predicted total tackles per game for the linebackers. None of the NSC results or draft order significantly predicted defensive back league performance. The findings suggest that NSC testing can provide low-to-moderate levels of predictability for future performance in national-categorized defensive linemen and linebackers.
Preparation of cellulose nanofiber-reinforced gelatin hydrogel and optimization for 3D printing applications
Authors: Jiang Yani , Xv Xiaodong , Liu Dongfang , Yang Zhe , Zhang Qi , Shi Hongcan , Zhao Guoqi , Zhou Jiping
Published: September 2021

Gelatin (GEL) obtained from animals is famous for its biocompatibility and biodegradability. However, its poor mechanical properties limits possible applications as bio-inks to fabricate tissue scaffolds through three-dimensional (3D) printing. In this work, a high strength hydrogel based on cellulose nanofibers and GEL (CNF/GEL) was designed for 3D printing. Scanning electron microscopy and breaking strength results indicated that a CNF filling content of 10% was the best content in the CNF/GEL hydrogels. The rheological properties of the samples with different solid contents were investigated, and the 10%-CNF/GEL-5 hydrogel was proposed for 3D printing. Then, a printing strategy with optimal conditions, including a crosslinking procedure for obtaining a 3D scaffold, was proposed. The biocompatibility of G-10%-CNF/GEL-5 was also investigated using CCK-8 and Hoechst 33342/PI double-staining assays. These results confirmed that the 10%-CNF/GEL-5 composite hydrogel has potential to be used as a 3D bio-ink for application in tissue repair.
Highly efficient single-step pretreatment to remove lignin and hemicellulose from softwood
Authors: Bernal-Lugo Irma , Jacinto-Hernandez Carmen , Gimeno Miquel , Montiel C. Carmina , Rivero-Cruz Fausto , Velasco Oscar
Published: September 2021

The use of lignocellulosic softwood residues as feedstock for the production of bioethanol and other value-added chemical products has been limited by its high recalcitrance. Alkaline or organosolvent pretreatments have been used to remove recalcitrance in softwoods. Although these methods partially remove lignin and hemicellulose, they also result in low glucose recovery. In the first case, there is low cellulose hydrolizability, and in the second, there is a loss of cellulose. This study evaluated both methods combined into one step: alkaline hydrolysis of the biomass in the presence of an organosolvent. Different conditions of temperature and residence times were assayed. The efficiency of these conditions was quantified as the percentage of lignin and hemicellulose removed from the biomass without loss of cellulose. The substrate produced with the most efficient conditions removed 91% of the lignin and 89.1% of the hemicellulose with no loss of cellulose. Enzymatic hydrolysis of this biomass was 90% to 95%, with a substrate concentration of 3% and with five filter paper units per gram of cellulose (FPU/g cellulose). These results indicated that this one-step alkaline-organsolvent process, applied as a pretreatment to softwood, allows highly efficient lignin and hemicellulose removal. 100% of cellulose was recovered, and there was between 90 and 95% glucose yield after enzymatic digestion.
Effect of accelerated aging on the color changes of wood treated with eco-friendly formulations based on propolis and silicon compounds
Authors: Lis Barbara , Woźniak Magdalena , Krystofiak Tomasz , Ratajczak Izabela
Published: September 2021

The aim of this work was to determine the effect of propolis extract and propolis-silane formulations on the color of wood. Additionally, the aim was to assess the influence of accelerated aging (water leaching and UV+IR radiation) on the color change of the treated wood. Scots pine wood was treated with the ethanolic extract of propolis and two propolis-silane formulations. The first formulation contained the propolis extract and silanes, 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate, and tetraethyl orthosilicate. The second formulation comprised propolis extract, vinyltrimethoxysilane, and tetraethyl orthosilicate. The wood impregnation with the propolis extract and propolis-silane formulations had a significant effect (p ≤ 0.05) on the color change. This effect involved decreasing the L* parameter and the displacement of a* and b* coordinates in the red and yellow direction, respectively. The propolis extract and the propolis-silane formulations were characterized by low durability relative to the effect of light. Nevertheless, the examined formulations based on natural substances (propolis) and low toxicity chemical compounds (silanes) may be used to impregnate wood elements for indoor applications.
O delicado casamento entre a fé e a religião
Authors: Ribeiro Claudio de Oliveira
Published: September 2021

A pesquisa está centrada na tarefa de revisitar um quadro referencial teológico de certa importância no contexto europeu e estadunidense do século 20, que ficou conhecida como Teologia Dialética, e que encontrou eco em diferentes e importantes círculos teológicos, católicos e protestantes, para extrair dele um fio condutor do debate, que é a relação entre a fé e a religião. Metodologicamente, optou-se pelo foco nos processos em que tal relação foi tematizada e aprofundada pelos renomados teólogos protestantes Karl Barth e Dietrich Bonhoeffer, seguidos, em segundo plano, de Friedrich Gogarten, Thomas Altizer, William Hamilton e Harvey Cox. Entre os resultados da pesquisa, o trabalho oferece uma síntese dos aspectos cruciais da distinção crítica entre a fé a e religião, como por exemplo realçar a parcialidade da religião e a integralidade da fé, e de alguns conceitos-chaves que marcaram os processos de reflexão teológica sobre a secularização, especialmente a noção de cristianismo arreligioso.
Assessing the Balance of the Urban Settlement System in the European North of Russia
Authors: Sekushina Irina A.
Published: September 2021

Introduction. In modern Economics, one of the most common and simplest methods of analyzing the balance of urban settlement systems is to assess their compliance with Zipf's law or the rank–size rule. The basis of this pattern is the relationship between urban population and its place in the hierarchy of towns ranked in descending order of size. Based on the results of the study conducted, the article assesses the balance of the urban settlement system of the European North Russia, as one of its regions, by analyzing its compliance with Zipf’s law.

Materials and Methods. The official data from the Federal State Statistics Service on the population of towns in the European North of Russia for 1959, 1989 and 2019 were used as materials of the study. The method of constructing a linear regression between the logarithm of the actual population and the logarithm of the rank of the town was used to verify Zipf's law for the urban network of the region in a certain period. In order to substantiate the conclusions drawn, an analysis of the dynamics of the number of towns and the share of the population living in them was carried out. The monographic method, as well as the methods of tabular and graphical data visualization, was used to interpret the results of the calculations.

Results. Based on the analysis of data on the application of the rank–size rule for the towns in the European North of Russia, it has been found that Zipf’s law was not fully observed in any time period, which indicates the imbalance of the existing urban settlement system. In the period from 1959 to 2019, there was an increase in the concentration of the population in the major cities of the region. The imbalance is also caused by the growing number of small towns with a population that does not correspond to the optimal value according to Zipf's law.

Discussion and Conclusion. Based on the calculations, the author has come to the conclusion that the cities of Arkhangelsk and Cherepovets have the potential for growth, as well as some others with a population of up to 100 thousand people. The practical significance of the study lies in the possibility of using the results obtained to prognosticate the population of towns in the European North of Russia when planning the location of production facilities, as well as transport and social infrastructure in the region.
Natural Reproduction of the Population of Russia during the Coronavirus Pandemic: Risks and Consequences (The Case of the Republic of Tatarstan)
Authors: Ibragimova Alisa A. , Ildarhanova Chulpan I.
Published: September 2021

Introduction. The study is of relevance due to the decline in the population of the Russian Federation since 2018 and the aggravation of the demographic situation since 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on the results of analyses of demographic indicators of natural population growth in the Russian Federation, in the Volga Federal District, and in the Republic of Tatarstan, the article identifies the factors affecting such indicators during the spread of coronavirus infection. Materials and Methods. The study analyzed operational data from the Federal State Statistics Service and the Unified Interdepartmental Information and Statistical System on the demographic indicators (birth rate, mortality, marriage rate, and divorce rate). The comparative, cross-sectional, correlation, and regression methods of analysis were employed, which made it possible to reveal significant factors affecting the demographic situation and identify the general trend of demographic processes during the COVID-19 pandemic. Results. On the basis of the official statistics, an analysis of the demographic situation in terms of natural reproduction of the population of Russia, exemplified by the case of the Republic of Tatarstan has been carried out; the main factors in natural population decline during the COVID-19 pandemic have been identified; the need for the introduction of new measures aimed at improving health and reducing the mortality rate and overcoming the demographic crisis in marriage and family relations has been substantiated. Discussion and Conclusion. Conclusions have been drawn about the possibility of increasing the negative impact of the coronavirus pandemic on the future demographic situation, which is a threat to the national security of Russia. The significance of the research materials consists in a comprehensive analysis of the demographic situation caused by the natural population change. The results of the study can be used by the authorities in the development and adjustment of regional and federal demographic and social policies.