bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Organic carbon and total nitrogen stocks in soils of the Lena River Delta
Authors: Zubrzycki S. , Kutzbach L. , Grosse G. , Desyatkin A. , Pfeiffer E.-M.
Published: June 2013

Abstract. The Lena River Delta, which is the largest delta in the Arctic, extends over an area of 32 000 km2 and likely holds more than half of the entire soil organic carbon (SOC) mass stored in the seven major deltas in the northern permafrost regions. The geomorphic units of the Lena River Delta which were formed by true deltaic sedimentation processes are a Holocene river terrace and the active floodplains. Their mean SOC stocks for the upper 1 m of soils were estimated at 29 kg m−2 ± 10 kg m−2 and at 14 kg m−2 ± 7 kg m−2, respectively. For the depth of 1 m, the total SOC pool of the Holocene river terrace was estimated at 121 Tg ± 43 Tg, and the SOC pool of the active floodplains was estimated at 120 Tg ± 66 Tg. The mass of SOC stored within the observed seasonally thawed active layer was estimated at about 127 Tg assuming an average maximum active layer depth of 50 cm. The SOC mass which is stored in the perennially frozen ground at the increment 50–100 cm soil depth, which is currently excluded from intense biogeochemical exchange with the atmosphere, was estimated at 113 Tg. The mean nitrogen (N) stocks for the upper 1 m of soils were estimated at 1.2 kg m−2 ± 0.4 kg m−2 for the Holocene river terrace and at 0.9 kg m−2 ± 0.4 kg m−2 for the active floodplain levels, respectively. For the depth of 1 m, the total N pool of the river terrace was estimated at 4.8 Tg ± 1.5 Tg, and the total N pool of the floodplains was estimated at 7.7 Tg ± 3.6 Tg. Considering the projections for deepening of the seasonally thawed active layer up to 120 cm in the Lena River Delta region within the 21st century, these large carbon and nitrogen stocks could become increasingly available for decomposition and mineralization processes.
Changes in polychaete standing stock and diversity on the northern side of Senghor Seamount (NE Atlantic)
Authors: Chivers A. J. , Narayanaswamy B. E. , Lamont P. A. , Dale A. , Turnewitsch R.
Published: June 2013

Abstract. Interest in seamount research has gathered momentum over the past five years in an effort to understand the physical, geochemical and biological characteristics as well as the interconnectedness of seamount ecosystems. The majority of biological seamount research has concentrated upon the rich and diverse suspension feeding organisms that dominate the megafauna, such as gorgonians and antipatharian corals; by comparison there have been few studies that have investigated the no less enigmatic, but possibly just as important infauna. To help fill this knowledge gap, the macrofaunal community was sampled from a total of five stations along a northerly transect (capturing water depths from ∼130 m to ∼3300 m), on Senghor Seamount (NE Atlantic). The focus of this study is on the polychaete communities. Polychaete abundance peaked at the summit and a mid-slope station (∼1500 m), a pattern mirrored by the biomass values. The polychaete community along the transect appeared to be particularly diverse, with 135 species nominally identified to putative species from a total of 954 individuals. A diversity maximum was identified on the upper slope at ∼800 m depth, with species diversity, richness and evenness also all peaking at this station. Depth is likely to be a significant factor in determining levels of similarity between stations.
Tracing atmospheric nitrate in groundwater using triple oxygen isotopes: evaluation based on bottled drinking water
Authors: Nakagawa F. , Suzuki A. , Daita S. , Ohyama T. , Komatsu D. D. , Tsunogai U.
Published: June 2013

Abstract. The stable isotopic compositions of nitrate dissolved in 49 brands of bottled drinking water collected worldwide were measured, to trace the fate of atmospheric nitrate (NO3− atm) that had been deposited into subaerial ecosystems, using the 17O anomalies (Δ17O) of nitrate as tracers. The use of bottled water enables collection of groundwater recharged at natural, background watersheds. The nitrate in groundwater had small Δ17O values ranging from −0.2‰ to +4.5‰ n = 49). The average Δ17O value and average mixing ratio of atmospheric nitrate to total nitrate in the groundwater samples were estimated to be 0.8‰ and 3.1%, respectively. These findings indicated that the majority of atmospheric nitrate had undergone biological processing before being exported from the surface ecosystem to the groundwater. Moreover, the concentrations of atmospheric nitrate were estimated to range from less than 0.1 μmol L−1 to 8.5 μmol L−1 with higher NO3−atm concentrations being obtained for those recharged in rocky, arid or elevated areas with little vegetation and lower NO3−atm concentrations being obtained for those recharged in forested areas with high levels of vegetation. Additionally, many of the NO3−atm-depleted samples were characterized by elevated δ15N values of more than +10‰. Uptake by plants and/or microbes in forested soils subsequent to deposition and the progress of denitrification within groundwater likely plays a significant role in the removal of NO3−atm.
Impact of CO2 and climate on Last Glacial maximum vegetation – a factor separation
Authors: Claussen M. , Selent K. , Brovkin V. , Raddatz T. , Gayler V.
Published: June 2013

Abstract. The factor separation of Stein and Alpert (1993) is applied to simulations with the MPI Earth system model to determine the factors which cause the differences between vegetation patterns in glacial and pre-industrial climate. The factors firstly include differences in the climate, caused by a strong increase in ice masses and the radiative effect of lower greenhouse gas concentrations; secondly, differences in the ecophysiological effect of lower glacial atmospheric CO2 concentrations; and thirdly, the synergy between the pure climate effect and the pure effect of changing physiologically available CO2. It is has been shown that the synergy can be interpreted as a measure of the sensitivity of ecophysiological CO2 effect to climate. The pure climate effect mainly leads to a contraction or a shift in vegetation patterns when comparing simulated glacial and pre-industrial vegetation patterns. Raingreen shrubs benefit from the colder and drier climate. The pure ecophysiological effect of CO2 appears to be stronger than the pure climate effect for many plant functional types – in line with previous simulations. The pure ecophysiological effect of lower CO2 mainly yields a reduction in fractional coverage, a thinning of vegetation and a strong reduction in net primary production. The synergy appears to be as strong as each of the pure contributions locally, but weak on global average for most plant functional types. For tropical evergreen trees, however, the synergy is strong on global average. It diminishes the difference between glacial and pre-industrial coverage of tropical evergreen trees, due to the pure climate effect and the pure ecophysiological CO2 effect, by approximately 50 per cent.
Taking nature into lab: biomineralization by heavy metal-resistant streptomycetes in soil
Authors: Schütze E. , Weist A. , Klose M. , Wach T. , Schumann M. , Nietzsche S. , Merten D. , Baumert J. , Majzlan J. , Kothe E.
Published: June 2013

Abstract. Biomineralization by heavy metal-resistant streptomycetes was tested to evaluate the potential influence on metal mobilities in soil. Thus, we designed an experiment adopting conditions from classical laboratory methods to natural conditions prevailing in metal-rich soils with media spiked with heavy metals, soil agar, and nutrient-enriched or unamended soil incubated with the bacteria. As a result, all strains were able to form struvite minerals (MgNH4PO4• 6H2O) on tryptic soy broth (TSB)-media supplemented with AlCl3, MnCl2 and CuSO4, as well as on soil agar. Some strains additionally formed struvite on nutrient-enriched contaminated and control soil, as well as on metal contaminated soil without addition of media components. In contrast, switzerite (Mn3(PO4)2• 7H2O) was exclusively formed on minimal media spiked with MnCl2 by four heavy metal-resistant strains, and on nutrient-enriched control soil by one strain. Hydrated nickel hydrogen phosphate was only crystallized on complex media supplemented with NiSO4 by most strains. Thus, mineralization is a dominant property of streptomycetes, with different processes likely to occur under laboratory conditions and sub-natural to natural conditions. This new understanding might have implications for our understanding of biological metal resistance mechanisms. We assume that biogeochemical cycles, nutrient storage and metal resistance might be affected by formation and re-solubilization of minerals like struvite in soil at microscale.
The role of wind in hydrochorous mangrove propagule dispersal
Authors: Van der Stocken T. , De Ryck D. J. R. , Balke T. , Bouma T. J. , Dahdouh-Guebas F. , Koedam N.
Published: June 2013

Abstract. Although wind has been recognized to be an important factor in the dispersal of hydrochorous mangrove propagules, and hence in the quantification of (meta)population dynamics, the species-specific sensitivity to wind effects has not been studied. We combined observations from a controlled experiment (flume tank) and in situ experiments to understand wind and water current contributions to dispersal potential as well as to estimate real dispersal ranges due to immediate response to tidal currents (two outgoing tides). This was done for 4 species with propagules differing in morphological and buoyancy properties (i.e. Rhizophora mucronata, Ceriops tagal, Heritiera littoralis and Xylocarpus granatum). The flume experiments revealed that the influence of wind depends on the density of a propagule (and hence its buoyancy characteristics) and that typical morphological characteristics of the dispersal unit are additionally important. H. littoralis propagules were influenced most, because on the one hand their low density (613.58 g L−1; n =10) enables them to float on top of the water surface, and on the other hand their "sailboat-like" structure provides a relatively large surface area. The X. granatum fruits appeared to be the least influenced by ambient wind conditions, explained by the smooth surface and spherical shape of which, because of the fruit's high density (890.05 g L−1; n = 1), only a small part sticks above the water surface. Although the seeds of X. granatum are of a similar size class than H. littoralis propagules, they are (like the X. granatum fruits) largely submerged due to their high density (870.66 g L−1; n = 8), hence catching less wind than H. littoralis propagules. The influence of wind on the dispersal of the horizontally floating C. tagal and R. mucronata dispersal units was strong, comparable to that of H. littoralis propagules. A differential effect of wind was found within elongated propagules, which directly follows from the floating orientation of the propagules. While the dispersal path of vertically floating propagules was influenced by the strength and direction of the water currents and to a lesser extent by ambient wind conditions, the dispersal path of horizontally floating propagules was influenced by both strength and direction of the water currents and prevailing wind forces. To validate the flume results, propagules of C. tagal and R. mucronata were released during outgoing tide in a tidal creek in Gazi Bay (Kenya), followed by observation of their dispersal distance and direction, while knowing the actual dominant wind direction. In line with the flume results, this study showed that wind plays an important role in the dispersal distance of the propagules. The present study provides important mechanistic insight into the effect of wind on hydrochorous mangrove propagule dispersal, thereby yielding an essential step towards the construction and optimization of (particle-based) hydrodynamic dispersal models.
Inversion of the volume scattering function and spectral absorption in coastal waters with biogeochemical implications
Authors: Zhang X. , Huot Y. , Gray D. J. , Weidemann A. , Rhea W. J.
Published: June 2013

Abstract. In the aquatic environment, particles can be broadly separated into phytoplankton (PHY), non-algal particle (NAP) and dissolved (or very small particle, VSP) fractions. Typically, absorption spectra are inverted to quantify these fractions, but volume scattering functions (VSFs) can also be used. Both absorption spectra and VSFs were used to calculate particle fractions for an experiment in Chesapeake Bay. A complete set of water inherent optical properties was measured using a suite of commercial instruments and a prototype Multispectral Volume Scattering Meter (MVSM); the chlorophyll concentration, [Chl] was determined using the HPLC method. The total scattering coefficient (measured by an ac-s) and the VSF (at a few backward angles, measured by a HydroScat 6 and an ECO-VSF) agreed with the LISST and MVSM data within 5%, thus indicating inter-instrument consistency. The size distribution and scattering parameters for PHY, NAP and VSP were inverted from measured VSFs. For the absorption inversion, the "dissolved" absorption spectra were measured for filtrate passing through a 0.2 μm filter, whereas [Chl] and NAP absorption spectra were inverted from the particulate fraction. Even though the total scattering coefficient showed no correlation with [Chl], estimates of [Chl] from the VSF-inversion agreed well with the HPLC measurements (r = 0.68, mean relative error s = −20%). The scattering associated with NAP and VSP both correlated well with the NAP and "dissolved" absorption coefficients, respectively. While NAP dominated forward, and hence total, scattering, our results also suggest that the scattering by VSP was far from negligible and dominated backscattering.
A critical assessment of simple recharge models: application to the UK Chalk
Authors: Ireson A. M. , Butler A. P.
Published: June 2013

Abstract. Quantification of the timing and magnitude of point-scale groundwater recharge is challenging, but possible at specific sites given sufficient high spatial and temporal resolution field observations, and a suitable physically based model. Such models are generally too computationally intensive and have too many unknown parameters to be practically applicable within distributed, larger-scale hydrological or groundwater models. This motivates the need for simpler recharge models, which are widely used within groundwater models. However, it is important that these models are able to capture adequately the unsaturated zone flow processes. We perform an inter-comparison of recharge simulated by a detailed physically based model and a simple recharge model, with both models applied to a field site in the fractured porous Chalk in the UK. Flow processes are simulated convincingly using a dual permeability, equivalent continuum, vertically heterogeneous, Richards' equation model, applied to a 2-D hillslope transect. A simple conventional recharge model was then calibrated to reproduce the water table response simulated by the physically based model. The performance in reproducing the water table was surprisingly good, given the known discrepancies between the actual processes and the model representation. However, comparisons of recharge fluxes simulated by each model highlighted problems with the process representations in the simple model. Specifically, bypass flow events during the summer were compensating for recharge that should have come from slow, continual drainage of the unsaturated zone. Such a model may still be useful for assessment of groundwater resources on a monthly basis, under non-extreme climatic conditions. However, under extreme wet or dry conditions, or under a changed climate the predictive capacity of such models is likely to be inadequate.
Estimating monthly rainfall in rural river basins under climate change: an improved bias-correcting statistical downscaling approach
Authors: Jayasekera D. L. , Kaluarachchi J. J.
Published: June 2013

Abstract. This study extended the work of Kim et al. (2008) to generate future rainfall under climate change using a discrete-time/space Markov chain based on historical conditional probabilities. A bias-correction method is proposed by fitting suitable statistical distributions to transform rainfall from the general circulation model (GCM) scale to watershed scale. The demonstration example used the Nam Ngum River Basin (NNRB) in Laos which is a rural river basin with high potential for hydropower generation and significant rain-fed agriculture supporting rural livelihoods. This work generated weekly rainfall for a 100 yr period using historical rainfall data from 1961 to 2000 for ten selected weather stations. The bias-correction method showed the ability to reduce bias of the mean values of GCMs when compared to the observed mean amount at each station. The simulated rainfall series is perturbed using the delta change estimated at each station to project future rainfall for the Special Report on Emission Scenarios (SRES) A2. GCMs consisting of third generation coupled general circulation model (CGCM3.1 T63) and European center Hamburg model (ECHAM5) projected an increasing trend of mean annual rainfall in the NNRB. Seasonal rainfall percent changes showed an increase in the wet and dry seasons with the highest increase in the dry season mean rainfall of about 31% from 2051 to 2090. While the GCM projections showed good results with appropriate bias corrections, the Providing REgional Climates for Impacts Studies (PRECIS) regional climate model significantly underestimated historical behavior and produced higher mean absolute errors compared to the corresponding GCM predictions.
Inverse streamflow routing
Authors: Pan M. , Wood E. F.
Published: June 2013

Abstract. The process where the spatially distributed runoff (generated through saturation/infiltration excesses, subsurface flow, etc.) travels over the hillslope and river network and becomes streamflow is generally referred as "routing". In short, routing is a runoff-to-streamflow process, and the streamflow in rivers is the response to runoff integrated in both time and space. Here we develop a methodology to invert the routing process, i.e., to derive the spatially distributed runoff from streamflow (e.g. measured at gauge stations) by inverting an arbitrary linear routing model using fixed interval smoothing. We refer this streamflow-to-runoff process as "inverse routing". Inversion experiments are performed using both synthetically generated and real streamflow measurements over the Ohio river basin. Results show that inverse routing can very effectively reproduce the spatial field of runoff and its temporal dynamics from gauge measurements. Runoff field is the only component in terrestrial water budget that cannot be directly measured and all previous studies use streamflow measurements in its place. Consequently, such studies are limited to scales where the spatial and temporal difference between the two can be ignored. Now inverse routing bridges the gap and provides a best, if not only, mean to estimate runoff field at any spatial or temporal scales from observations. Closing this final gap in terrestrial water budget analysis opens up opportunities in using space-borne altimetry based surface water measurements for cross-validating, cross-correcting, and assimilation with other space-borne water cycle observations. Also, as the inverted runoff can be used to reconstruct the streamflow everywhere in the basin, inverse routing will be extremely useful in reconstructing missing river gauge records from other available gauges or even to monitor streamflow at un-gauged locations.
Variation in the estimations of ETo and crop water use due to the sensor accuracy of the meteorological variables
Authors: Moratiel R. , Martínez-Cob A. , Latorre B.
Published: June 2013

Abstract. In agricultural ecosystems the use of evapotranspiration (ET) to improve irrigation water management is generally widespread. Commonly, the crop ET (ETc) is estimated by multiplying the reference crop evapotranspiration (ETo) by a crop coefficient (Kc). Accurate estimation of ETo is critical because it is the main factor affecting the calculation of crop water use and water management. The ETo is generally estimated from recorded meteorological variables at reference weather stations. The main objective of this paper was assessing the effect of the uncertainty due to random noise in the sensors used for measurement of meteorological variables on the estimation of ETo, crop ET and net irrigation requirements of grain corn and alfalfa in three irrigation districts of the middle Ebro River basin. Five scenarios were simulated, four of them individually considering each recorded meteorological variable (temperature, relative humidity, solar radiation and wind speed) and a fifth scenario combining together the uncertainty of all sensors. The uncertainty in relative humidity for irrigation districts Riegos del Alto Aragón (RAA) and Bardenas (BAR), and temperature for irrigation district Canal de Aragón y Cataluña (CAC), were the two most important factors affecting the estimation of ETo, corn ET (ETc_corn), alfalfa ET (ETc_alf), net corn irrigation water requirements (IRncorn) and net alfalfa irrigation water requirements (IRnalf). Nevertheless, this effect was never greater than ±0.5% over annual scale time. The wind speed variable (Scenario 3) was the third variable more influential in the fluctuations (±) of evapotranspiration, followed by solar radiation. Considering the accuracy for all sensors over annual scale time, the variation was about ±1% of ETo, ETc_corn, ETc_alf, IRncorn, and IRnalf. The fluctuations of evapotranspiration were higher at shorter time scale. ETo daily fluctuation remained lower than 5 % during the growing season of corn and alfalfa. This estimation fluctuation in ETo, ETc_corn, ETc_alf , IRncorn, and IRnalf at daily time scale was within an acceptable range, and it can be considered that the sensor accuracy of the meteorological variables is not significant in the estimation of ETo.
Calibration of a real-time tsunami detection algorithm for sites with no instrumental tsunami records: application to stations in Eastern Sicily, Italy
Authors: Bressan L. , Zaniboni F. , Tinti S.
Published: June 2013

Abstract. Coastal tide-gauges play a very important role in a Tsunami Warning System, since sea-level data are needed for a correct evaluation of the tsunami threat and the tsunami arrival has to be recognised as early as possible. Real-time tsunami detection algorithms serve this purpose. For an efficient detection they have to be calibrated and adapted to the specific local characteristics of the site where they are installed, which is easily done when the station has recorded a sufficiently large number of tsunamis. In this case the recorded database can be used to select the best set of parameters enhancing the discrimination power of the algorithm and minimizing the detection time. This chance is however rare, since most of the coastal tide-gauge stations, either historical or of new installation, have recorded only a few tsunamis in their lifetime, if not any. In this case calibration must be carried out by using synthetic tsunami signals, which poses the problem of how to generate them and how to use them. This paper investigates this issue and proposes a calibration approach by using as an example a specific case, that is the calibration of a real-time detection algorithm called TEDA for two stations, namely Tremestieri and Catania, in eastern Sicily, Italy, that have been recently installed in the frame of the Italian project TSUNET, aiming at improving the tsunami monitoring capacity in a region that is one of the most hazardous tsunami areas of Italy and of the Mediterranean.
Simulation of wind-induced snow transport in alpine terrain using a fully coupled snowpack/atmosphere model
Authors: Vionnet V. , Martin E. , Masson V. , Guyomarc'h G. , Naaim-Bouvet F. , Prokop A. , Durand Y. , Lac C.
Published: June 2013

Abstract. In alpine regions, wind-induced snow transport strongly influences the spatio-temporal evolution of the snow cover throughout the winter season. To gain understanding on the complex processes that drive the redistribution of snow, a new numerical model is developed. It couples directly the detailed snowpack model Crocus with the atmospheric model Meso-NH. Meso-NH/Crocus simulates snow transport in saltation and in turbulent suspension and includes the sublimation of suspended snow particles. A detailed representation of the first meters of the atmosphere allows a fine reproduction of the erosion and deposition process. The coupled model is evaluated against data collected around the experimental site of Col du Lac Blanc (2720 m a.s.l., French Alps). For this purpose, a blowing snow event without concurrent snowfall has been selected and simulated. Results show that the model captures the main structures of atmospheric flow in alpine terrain, the vertical profile of wind speed and the snow particles fluxes near the surface. However, the horizontal resolution of 50 m is found to be insufficient to simulate the location of areas of snow erosion and deposition observed by terrestrial laser scanning. When activated, the sublimation of suspended snow particles causes a reduction in deposition of 5.3%. Total sublimation (surface + blowing snow) is three times higher than surface sublimation in a simulation neglecting blowing snow sublimation.
Effect of Changes to the Manufacturer Application Techniques on the Shear Bond Strength of Simplified Dental Adhesives
Authors: Chasqueira Ana Filipa , Arantes-Oliveira Sofia , Portugal Jaime
Published: June 2013

Purpose

The aim of this work was to assess the shear bond strength (sbs) between a composite resin and dentin, promoted by two dental adhesive systems (one-step self-etching adhesive Easy Bond [3M ESPE], and two-step etch-and-rinse adhesive Scotchbond 1XT [3M ESPE]) with different application protocols (per manufacturer's instruction (control group); with one to four additional adhesive layers; or with an extra hydrophobic adhesive layer).

Methods

Proximal enamel was removed from ninety caries-free human molars to obtain two dentin discs per tooth, which were randomly assigned to twelve experimental groups (n=15). After adhesion protocol, the composite resin (Filtek Z250 [3M ESPE]) was applied. Specimens were mounted in the Watanabe test device and shear bond test was performed in a universal testing machine with a crosshead speed of 5 mm/min. Data were analyzed with ANOVA followed by Student-Newman-Keuls tests (P<0.05).

Results

The highest SBS mean value was attained with the Easy Bond three layers group (41.23±2.71 MPa) and the lowest with Scotchbond 1XT per manufacturer's instructions (27.15±2.99 MPa). Easy Bond yielded higher SBS values than Scotchbond 1XT. There were no statistically significant differences (P>0.05) between the application protocols tested, except for the three and four layers groups, that presented higher SBS results compared to manufacturer's instruction groups (P<0.05). No statistically significant differences were detected between the three and four layers groups (P≥0.05).

Conclusion

It is recommendable to apply three adhesive layers when using Easy Bond and Scotchbond 1XT adhesives, since it improves SBS values without consuming much time.
Trade Effects of Specialization in Tourism: An Inter-Regional Input—Output Model of the Balearic Islands
Authors: Soulie Juan , Valle Elisabeth
Published: June 2013

The authors construct an inter-regional input–output model that combines both national and regional data to isolate the effects of changes in demand by their regional nature using an additive decomposition. The model is used to quantify the backward linkages of the top industries in the Balearic Islands (a European region heavily specializing in tourism) with other industries, both within the region and in the rest of Spain. The results confirm the importance of local industries in terms of backward linkage effects, but also reveal that only 55% of these effects stay in the region, while the rest leak out to the rest of the country due to the extraordinary dependency on supplies created by this specialization.
Pricing Competition and Channel Coordination in the Tourism Supply Chain with Optional Tours
Authors: Guo Qiang , Shi Ye , Dong Junfeng , Guo Xiaolong , Anderson Chris K.
Published: June 2013

The authors consider a tourism supply chain that consists of a tour operator in the source market and a local operator at the destination. The tour product is composed of predesigned tours and optional tours. Consumers are sensitive to the price and the availability of optional tours, represented as the ratio of optional tours. The authors analyse how the ratio of optional tours to predesigned tours affects each player's equilibrium decisions given three different consumer attitudes towards optional tours. They find that when the channel is coordinated and the ratio of optional tours is sufficiently large, the local operator may reduce commissions. To curb the impacts of lowering commissions, the authors introduce a tax mechanism aimed at optional tours. Numeral examples are provided to illustrate the pricing impacts of optional tours.
Womanism, Spirituality, and Self-Health Management Behaviors of African American Older Women
Authors: Harvey Idethia Shevon , Johnson Lashaune , Heath Corliss
Published: June 2013

Many older African American women perceive spirituality as an important resource in facilitating the self-management process of their chronic disease conditions. Research designs, which are congruent with theoretical frameworks of African American women, are important. However, many researchers remain unfamiliar with womanist thought or are unsure of how that framework can be used to understand specific aspects of self-management practices. The purpose of this exploratory study is to explicate a womanist epistemological framework that can support the development of self-management intervention designs aimed at assisting older African American women in health-promoting behaviors. Data from a sample of twenty-one African American women were collected from semistructured interviews and analyzed for common themes through narrative analysis. Four themes emerged from the linkage of womanism, spirituality, and self-management. Spiritual- and womanist-based strategies may provide a foundation for innovative self-management programs that target this older African American female population. Healthcare workers and public health professionals can assist in the co-creation of programs that focus on the collective personal responsibility of health promotion practices.
Canadian Academy of Geriatric Psychiatry Survey of Brief Cognitive Screening Instruments
Authors: Ismail Zahinoor , Mulsant Benoit H. , Herrmann Nathan , Rapoport Mark , Nilsson Magnus , Shulman Ken
Published: June 2013

BackgroundThe use of brief cognitive screening instruments is essential in the assessment of dementia. The purpose of this study is to determine the frequency of use and perceived characteristics of cognitive screening instruments among Canadian psychogeriatric clinicians.MethodsMembers of the Canadian Academy of Geriatric Psychiatry (CAGP) and attendees to the 2010 Annual Scientific Meeting were asked to complete a computerized survey. This survey assessed the perceived characteristics and frequency of use of 14 instruments.ResultsThe survey had a 55% response rate, with a total of 155 respondents. The most commonly used instruments are the Clock Drawing Test (CDT), Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), and Delayed Word Recall. Effectiveness, ease of administration, and speed of administration were the perceived characteristics of instruments most correlated with frequency of use.ConclusionsConsistent with previous surveys, a small number of cognitive screening instruments are used by the majority of clinicians. Use of the CDT and the MMSE were comparable. To our knowledge, this is the first survey demonstrating that the MMSE is not the most commonly used tool, and other, newer instruments like the MoCA, are gaining prominence.
Who will Help in Situations of Intimate Partner Violence: Exploring Personal Attitudes and Bystander Behaviours
Authors: Lazarus Kathryn , Signal Tania
Published: June 2013

Intimate partner violence (IPV) continues to be a problem within society, with many studies focusing on general attitudes toward violence against women as a gauge of positive societal change in this area. To investigate whether individual personal attitudes toward violence against women were predictive of prosocial bystander behaviours in situations of IPV, 157 Australian community members completed an online survey. This survey investigated the factors of bystander intention, bystander self-efficacy, general and privacy attitudes toward violence against women, fear of intervening and the effects/impact of psychological abuse as predictors of willingness to intervene in IPV situations. Bystander intention, self-efficacy and gender were significantly associated with willingness to intervene, whilst respondent’s attitudes toward violence against women was not. The implications of these findings for promoting social control and bystander intervention in situations of IPV are discussed.
Study of Membrane Transport for Hemodiafilter and Reverse Osmosis Module
Authors: Sekino Masaaki
Published: June 2013

As a typical membrane technology by which the solute substances are separated from a solution, hemodiafilter and reverse osmosis module are studied, in particular regarding the solute transport through the membrane. The solute transport equation, as a key point of this paper, could be derived from the modified Kedem-Katchalsky equation combined with Film theory model. As the next key point for the numerical analysis, the solute transport equation was inserted into the previous module model, and the differential equations composing this module model were converted to the difference equations calculated with a nonlinear secant method. Then the solute concentration profiles of the membrane and the boundary layers in the hemodiafilter and the reverse osmosis module were obtained to visually illustrate in Figures 3 to 6. Finally, it was clear that the occurrence of concentration polarization in the boundary layer is dependent on values of the membrane parameters, including solute permeability (Pm) and reflection coefficient (σ), the ultrafiltration flux (Jv) and the mass transfer coefficient (k).
Pilot Investigation of Coal Chemical Wastewater Containing Phenol by Pervaporation Process
Authors: Jie Yao , Yang Shuren , Ziwei Du , Biaoming Li , Zhongwei Wang , Agtmaal Sjack van , Chunhui Feng , Bangjun Han
Published: June 2013

Coal chemical wastewater contains a large number of industrial raw materials, such as phenol, resulting in difficulty as target to be treated and the resource waste as industrial raw materials. A pilot pervaporation process is investigated to separate and recycle phenols from coal chemical wastewater to reduce the follow-up biochemical processing load. Operation parameters which affect removing and recovering efficiency are studied, such as temperature, flow rate and downstream pressure. Phenol removal efficiency could reach 50% under the conditions of 70o C, 210 L/h and 3000 Pa. The system could continuously run for 20 cycles. Furthermore, the pervaporation procedure could be enhanced when pumped with gas which made the removal efficiency up to 66%.
Asymmetric Cournot Duopoly: A Game Complete Analysis
Authors: Carfi David , Perrone Emanuele
Published: June 2013

In this paper, we apply the Complete Analysis of Differentiable Games (introduced by D. CarfÃ¬ in Topics in Game Theory (2012), CarfÃ¬ ICT 2009, CarfÃ¬ AAPP 2009, CarfÃ¬ GO 2009; already employed by himself and others in CarfÃ¬ TPREF 2011, CarfÃ¬ AAPP 2010, CarfÃ¬ ISGC 2009) and some new algorithms, using the software wxMaxima 11.04.0, in order to reach a total scenario knowledge (that is the total knowledge of the payoff space of the interaction) of the classic Cournot Duopoly (1838), viewed as a complex interaction between two competitive subjects, in a particularly interesting asymmetric case. Moreover, in this work we propose a theoretical justification, for a general kind of asymmetric duopolistic interactions (which often appear in the real economic world), by considering and proposing a Cobb-Douglas perturbation of the classic linear model of production costs.
Análise do discurso feminino sobre casamento e maternidade na perspectiva simbólica junguiana
Authors: Durelli Brunini Malerbo Alana Cristine , Araújo Noce Mariana
Published: June 2013

Este estudo aborda histórias de vidas de mulheres a partir da perspectiva simbólica junguiana.Participaram da pesquisa duas mulheres, ambas com 54 anos de idade, casadas e com dois filhos, as quais foram submetidas à aplicação da técnica “Linha da Vida”, em que foi solicitado que marcassem, em uma folha, momentos significativos de suas vidas e, posteriormente,os explicassem com base nos fatos ocorridos e nos sentimentos emergentes. A análise ocorreu a partir do levantamento de questões relacionadas ao casamento e maternidade e, assim,identificar e relacionar essas vivências com os elementos arquetípicos e do inconsciente coletivo.Observou-se que ambas apontaram como primeiro ponto significativo de suas vidas o casamento, ambas incluíram, ainda, o nascimento de cada um dos dois filhos e destacaram a morte de seus respectivos pais. Tais passagens estão entre as que a literatura aponta como significativas na vida das mulheres, carregando a força dos arquétipos e sendo representadas em mitos e contos de fadas. Na perspectiva junguiana, os contos de fada constituíram para a expressão do pensamento mítico, por desempenharem uma função psíquica importante relacionada ao processo de individuação. Esses arquétipos, ao serem trazidos à consciência e vivenciados, permitem à psique cumprir as etapas de integração progressiva de conteúdos e aspectos inconscientes. Conclui-se, então, sobre a importância do estudo de tais assuntos para compreensão do feminino e da necessidade de investigação da presença e função dos contos de fadas na vida dos indivíduos.
O simbolismo da depressão na perspectiva junguiana
Authors: Purcotes Júnior Francisco
Published: June 2013

Cada vez mais, pessoas aparecem nos consultórios médicos e psicológicos com sintomas de depressão. Dentre eles, podem ser citados a tristeza, vontade de não fazer nada, apatia, desinteresse,insônia, sensação de vazio, entre outros. Assim, é deveras importante que entre os profissionais haja o esclarecimento e a discussão sobre formas de tratamento, além de, se possível, que haja novos pontos de vista sobre esse tópico. Este texto tem a finalidade de apresentar,explicar e descrever como se realiza o trabalho com pacientes depressivos segundo a proposta teórica do psiquiatra suíço Carl Gustav Jung, criador da Psicologia Analítica, e como esta abordagem trabalha os conteúdos e sintomas depressivos. Para isso, o texto propõe uma básica explanação sobre a depressão e como a doença é vista no âmbito médico e psicológico na atualidade, além de relatar as imagens e símbolos que surgem durante a vivência dos sintomas pelos pacientes que sofrem. Tudo isso será relatado por meio de uma revisão na literatura já existente.
LUGARES FAVORITOS NO ENVELHECIMENTO: EXPLORANDO ESTUDOS E CONCEITOS
Authors: Lopez Mariana , Longhinotti Felippe Maíra , Kuhnen Ariane
Published: June 2013

Este trabalho de revisão bibliográfica busca apresentar e discutir a relação pessoa-ambienteno processo do envelhecimento, sobretudo em relação ao lugar favorito. Para isso, foi realizadauma busca na base de dados BVS-PSI e no Journal of Environmental Psychology com aspalavras-chave: lugares favoritos e envelhecimento; lugares favoritos e idosos; favorite placese aging – em julho de 2009. Dois objetivos centrais foram contemplados: apresentar os documentosque aparecem com as palavras de busca utilizadas; discutir aqueles documentos quemencionam no corpo do texto a relação lugar/lugares favoritos no envelhecimento, explorandoo conteúdo dos mesmos. Foi encontrado apenas um documento na BVS-PSI e 13 no Journalof Environmental Psychology, sendo selecionados para discussão sete documentos. Identidadede lugar, lugar favorito e capacidade restauradora dos lugares foram conceitos presentes emtodos os trabalhos. Observou-se que a possibilidade de interações sociais e o ambiente da casageralmente descrevem os lugares favoritos do idoso, estimulando a experiência de bem-estare restauração decorrente da satisfação e do prazer vivenciado. Como forma de avaliar a contribuiçãoteórico-metodológica destes trabalhos à Psicologia Ambiental, também foram observadasquestões relativas à constituição disciplinar das equipes de pesquisadores, bem comoas perspectivas teóricas, os paradigmas de investigação, os delineamentos metodológicos e oscontextos de pesquisa – se naturais ou artificiais – adotados nestes estudos.
O conceito de pobreza: Uma reflexão sobre os interesses do conhecimento
Authors: Accorssi Aline , Scarparo Helena Beatriz , Guareschi Pedrinho Arcides
Published: June 2013

Este trabalho busca problematizar o papel do conhecimento no campo social por meio de umareflexão sobre o uso do conceito de pobreza presente nos relatórios do Banco Mundial em umaperspectiva histórico-crítica. Levanta possíveis interpretações sobre quais são os interessesdessa instituição ao utilizar o conceito pobreza e ao divulgar as receitas direcionadas especialmentepara os países em desenvolvimento no que se refere a como combatê-la. A partir dessadiscussão ilustrativa, o artigo analisa o que pode estar por detrás da criação de um conceito equestiona-se sobre quais são os interesses do sujeito/pesquisador/instituição que articula asteorias.
Escala de fontes de autoeficácia docente: Estudo exploratório com professores de Educação Física
Authors: Iaochite Roberto Tadeu , Gurgel Azzi Roberta
Published: June 2013

Desde que Albert Bandura postulou a existência de quatro fontes de informação que influenciam a formação das crenças de autoeficácia, esforços têm sido empregados na tentativa de melhor compreender como avaliar e em que medida essas fontes podem contribuir para a constituição da crença de autoeficácia em contextos diversos. O presente estudo teve como objetivo explorar evidências de validade para o desenvolvimento de uma Escala de Fontes de Autoeficácia de Docentes (Efaed). Participaram 261 professores de escolas públicas e privadas da educação básica. Os sujeitos responderam a dois instrumentos, sendo um de caracterização e o outro a escala submetida para a avaliação. A escala foi composta por 16 itens divididos em quatro fatores, cada qual representando uma fonte de constituição da autoeficácia contextualizada para o ensino. Os dados foram submetidos à análise fatorial, de consistência interna e de correlação, utilizando-se, para isso, os recursos do software SPSS. Resultados confirmaram as postulações da teoria, porém os itens se posicionaram em fatores diferentes daqueles pensados nele. A consistência interna da escala total (α de Cronbach) foi de 0,81 e as correlações entre os fatores foram baixas (r = 0,118 a 0,444), porém positivas. Os resultados foram encorajadores para a continuidade das investigações com amostras maiores e com o apoio de outros instrumentos de investigação.
TRABALHO INTERPROFISSIONAL EM FÓRUNS: SUA IMPORTÂNCIA NOS CASOS DE ADOÇÃO
Authors: Brandalise Tibola Vanessa , Suzuki Kemmelmeier Verônica
Published: June 2013

A adoção é um tema muito referenciado na atualidade em vários âmbitos, porém as equipes interdisciplinares são somente citadas e há poucos estudos específicos sobre este tema. Diante da importância do trabalho desenvolvido pelas equipes, este estudo foi realizado no intuito de esclarecer como é o trabalho das equipes na Vara da Infância e da Juventude de três Fóruns de cidades de médio porte do Estado do Paraná bem como sua importância. Esta pesquisa qualitativa utilizou-se da entrevista semiestruturada e de um questionário de formação acadêmico profissional para realizar o levantamento dos dados. Estes foram submetidos a uma análise de conteúdo e após algumas leituras chegou-se a três grandes tópicos contendo as principais categorias definidas: desenvolvimento do trabalho em equipe; funcionamento do trabalho em equipe e percepções do trabalho em equipe. Conclui-se que, além de ser de extrema importância a composição desta equipe que é formada por Psicólogos e Assistentes Sociais, o relacionamento interno e a estruturação do trabalho fazem a diferença no processo de adoção.
PRODUÇÃO DE SENTIDO SOBRE O SINTOMA INFANTIL EM SERVIÇOS DE SAÚDE MENTAL
Authors: Cardoso da Silva Jerto , Junqueira Lopes Clarissa , Canello Jéssica Natália
Published: June 2013

Este trabalho visa a analisar as falas e as práticas dos profissionais de saúde referentes aos sentidos construídos sobre o sintoma nos serviços de saúde mental, nos vales do Rio Pardo e Taquari,RS, que atendem à infância. Realizamos um estudo descritivo a partir da Análise de Discurso de tendência francesa em 37 entrevistas semiestruturadas. Percebemos uma multiplicidade de sentidos atribuídos ao sintoma, mas essa polissemia é atravessada por alguns sentidos dominantes,sendo que o sintoma, apontado como uma expressão de alguma coisa ou anúncio de que algo não está bem no sujeito, o mais frequente. Outros profissionais referem que o sintoma é parte do sujeito, algo que o estrutura. Alguns ainda entendem o sintoma como tendo uma existência concreta, como algo que é visível e externo, manifestando-se então no sujeito.Observamos, nesses vários discursos, que os diferentes sentidos atribuídos ao sintoma na infânci aparecem apontar, de forma frequente, para as dimensões sociais e os sistemas familiares como elementos constitutivos no entendimento dos sintomas na criança.
DETECÇÃO, PREVENÇÃO E TRATAMENTO DE RISCOS PSÍQUICOS PRECOCES:DESFECHO DE UM PROGRAMA ACADÊMICO
Authors: Marini Mariotto Rosa Maria , Fischer Bernardino Leda Mariza
Published: June 2013

Este trabalho é o resultado final do Programa de Prevenção e Atendimento Inicial (Propai),desenvolvido no Núcleo de Prática em Psicologia da PUCPR, no período de 2007 a 2011. Tal programa foi ofertado como uma modalidade de estágio profissionalizante aos acadêmicos do curso de Psicologia da PUCPR tanto na área clínica quanto na área educacional. Seus serviços estiveram disponíveis para a comunidade em geral e para as instituições que prestam algum tipo de serviço à primeira infância, tais como creches, maternidades e escolas de educação infantil.Avalia-se, de modo positivo, o cumprimento das metas propostas pelo Propai, na medida em que mais de 30 crianças foram avaliadas e atendidas pelo eixo clínico e suas famílias receberam a orientação necessária, três hospitais maternidade se beneficiaram com o trabalho de escuta e capacitação técnica da equipe, e 13 creches e um centro comunitário puderam contar com o trabalho de detecção de risco psíquico precoce em bebês. O Propai também obteve resultados expressivos na esfera científica com mais de cinco pesquisas realizadas, participação em eventos, publicação de artigos, bem como na organização de eventos.