bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Maternal self-efficacy and emotional well-being in Chilean adolescent mothers: the relationship with their children’s social-emotional development
Authors: Léniz-Maturana Laura , Vilaseca Rosa , Leiva David
Published: April 2022

Background

Low maternal self-efficacy and high levels of anxiety, depression, and stress can be triggered in adolescent mothers due to an incomplete development process that makes them physically or psychologically unprepared for the responsibilities of motherhood and parenting. These factors may be linked to difficulties with their children’s social-emotional development. The present study aims to: (a) analyze the relationship between maternal self-efficacy and stress, depression, and anxiety levels in low-income adolescent mothers; (b) examine the relationship between maternal self-efficacy and well-being with children’s social-emotional development; and (c) describe the effects of maternal self-efficacy on children’s social-emotional development, mediated by maternal well-being.

Methods

A sample of 79 dyads comprising low-income Chilean adolescent mothers aged from 15 to 21 years old (M = 19.1, SD = 1.66) and their children aged 10 to 24 months (M = 15.5, SD = 4.2) participated in this research. A set of psychometric scales was used to measure maternal self-efficacy (Parental Evaluation Scale, EEP), the mothers’ anxiety and depression (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, HADS), maternal stress (Parental Stress Scale, PSS), and the children’s social-emotional development (Ages and Stages Questionnaire Socio-emotional, ASQ-SE). Bivariate analyses and mediation models were employed to estimate and test the relevant relationships.

Results

A bivariate analysis showed that maternal self-efficacy was negatively related to the mother’s anxiety, depression, and stress. Moreover, there was a significant relationship between maternal self-efficacy and maternal stress, and children’s self-regulation and social-emotional development. Maternal self-efficacy, mediated by maternal anxiety, depression, and stress scores, had a significant effect on the development of children’s self-regulation.

Conclusions

The results confirm the importance of adolescent mothers’ emotional well-being and maternal self- efficacy with respect to their children’s social-emotional development. This makes it necessary to have detailed information about how emotional and self-perception status influences a mother’s role in the development of her children.
Physical activity questionnaire for older children (PAQ-C): Arabic translation, cross-cultural adaptation, and psychometric validation in school-aged children in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Sirajudeen Mohamed Sherif , Waly Mohamed , Manzar Md. Dilshad , Alqahtani Mazen , Alzhrani Msaad , Alanazi Ahmad , Unnikrishnan Radhakrishnan , Muthusamy Hariraja , Saibannavar Rashmi , Alrubaia Wafa
Published: April 2022

The validity of the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Children (PAQ-C) has been mostly studied in North America and Europe. We investigated the psychometric validation of the Arabic version of the PAQ-C in students in Saudi Arabia. The students (n = 327, age = 8–14 years) of six primary schools in the Majmaah region participated in the study. Participants completed the PAQ-C, and their demographics were recorded. The PAQ-C scores satisfied the following factor analysis assumptions: diagonal elements of the anti-image correlation matrix (>0.5), Bartlett’s test of sphericity (p < 0.001), determinant (>0.00001), Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin test of sampling adequacy (>0.8), and communality (all values > 0.2). Exploratory factor analysis results were inconclusive, with two measures favoring a 2-factor solution (Kaiser’s criteria (Eigenvalue ≥ 1), and cumulative variance rule (>40%)); whereas, the scree test and the Monte Carlo parallel analysis favored a 1-factor structure. The confirmatory factor analysis favored a 1-factor solution: highest CFI, lowest RMSEA, non-significant χ2 statistics, and lowest χ2/df. The values of item-total correlation, corrected item-total correlation, and Cronbach’s alpha if an item was deleted, ranged from 0.20–0.57, 0.42–0.64, and 0.70–0.75, respectively. The PAQ-C showed a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.74. A 1-factor structure of the Arabic version of the PAQ-C had adequate psychometric validity in schoolchildren in Saudi Arabia.
Icaritin attenuates 6-OHDA-induced MN9D cell damage by inhibiting oxidative stress
Authors: Zhou Xinyu , Huang Nanqu , Hou Xiaoyi , Zhu Li , Xie Yiman , Ba Zhisheng , Luo Yong
Published: April 2022

Background

We assessed whether ICT can alleviate 6-OHDA-induced cell damage via inhibition of oxidative stress by evaluating the protective effect of icaritin (ICT) against 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced MN9D cell damage and further determined the mechanism by which ICT reduces oxidative stress.

Methods

MN9D cells were treated with 6-OHDA, to study the mechanism underlying the neuroprotective effect of ICT. MN9D cell damage was assessed by the CCK-8 assay, flow cytometry was performed to measure the content of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cells, a superoxide dismutase (SOD) kit was used to evaluate SOD activity, and Western blotting was used to measure the expression of α-synuclein (α-Syn), Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2 (Nrf2), and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1).

Results

ICT reduced damage to MN9D cells induced by 6-OHDA. ICT increased SOD activity and TH expression and reduced ROS production and α-Syn expression. ICT promoted the translocation of Nrf2 from the cytoplasm to the nucleus and further increased the protein expression of HO-1.

Conclusions

ICT protects against 6-OHDA-induced dopaminergic neuronal cell injury by attenuating oxidative stress, and the mechanism is related to modulate the activities of Nrf2, HO-1 protein, and SOD.
A Conceptual Evaluation on Planning in Health
Authors: TOSUN Nurperihan
Published: April 2022

Günümüzde sağlık hizmetlerinin artan maliyetlerle birlikte mevcut olan kıt kaynaklarla kaliteli, erişilebilir, sürdürülebilir ve hakkaniyetli bir şekilde sunulması gerekmektedir. Bunun içinde profesyonel bir yönetim anlayışı ile etkili
ve verimli bir şekilde yönetilmeye ihtiyaç vardır. Yönetimin ilk aşaması olan planlama işlevinin başarısı yönetimin diğer işlevlerini de etkiyecektir. Sağlık sektörünün hızla değişen çevre koşullarında düşük maliyetli, erişilebilir
ve yüksek kaliteli sağlık hizmeti sunumda sağlık kurumlarının yönetimindeki başarı ön plana çıkmaktadır. Sağlık kurumları yönetimi, sağlık kurumlarının ekonomik, verimli ve etkin bir şekilde amaçlarını gerçekleştirirken planlama,
örgütleme, yürütme, koordinasyon ve kontrol fonksiyonlarının sistematik ve bilinçli bir şekilde uygulandığı faaliyetler bütünü olarak ifade edilebilir. Sağlık hizmetlerinin kaliteli, hızlı, erişilebilir, etkili ve hakkaniyetli
sunumunda sağlık kurumlarına ve yeni sağlık yatırımlarına ilişkin yapılacak yatırımların mevcut kapasiteyi ihtiyaçlara uygun ve doğru tespit ederek, atıl kapasiteye ve kaynak israfına neden olmaksızın verimli kullanımın sağlanması
gerekmektedir. Bu açıdan sağlıkta planlama dikkatle ele alınması gereken konular arasında yer almaktadır. Sağlık hizmetleri planlaması, sağlık sisteminin temel bir bileşeni olup, karar vericiler tarafından diğer politika araçları
ile birlikte kullanılan bir araçtır. Genel sağlık sistemi hedefleriyle uyumlu planlama hedefleri belirlenmesi, etkili planlamaya katkıda bulunabilir. Ayrıca etkili bir sağlık planlaması için sağlık sektörünün farklı sektörleri,
hizmet üretimindeki girdiler ve coğrafi alanlar arasında bütün bir sistem perspektifinin göz önünde bulundurulması gerekmektedir.
Mormon Community from the Perspective of the Geography of Religions
Authors: ATASOY Emin , KAPLUHAN Erol , ATIŞ Evren
Published: April 2022

Dinler coğrafyası merkezli bu çalışmada; Mormonculuğun tarihsel kökleri, dinsel özellikleri ve diğer inanç toplulukları ile temel farklılıkları tartışılmıştır. “Mormonluk” terimi, Mormonların inanç metinlerinden biri olan Mormon Kitabı’ndan
türetilmiştir. Bu yüzden kitabın adına dayanarak kurucusu Joseph Smith Jr.’ın ilk takipçilerine Mormon denilmiş ve onların inancı Mormonluk olarak adlandırılmıştır. Mormonizm, İsa Mesih’in Son Zaman Azizler Kilisesi'nin öğretilerini
ve doktrinini tanımlamak için kullanılan yaygın bir terimdir. Çalışmada Mormon inancının ortaya çıkışı, tarihsel gelişimi, kültürel ve felsefi yapısı, coğrafi yayılışı, ahlaki değerleri ve kutsal kitapları, mormonizm hareketinin
kurucusu, Mormon Kilisesi ve Mormonizmin temel doktrinleri hakkında genel bilgilere yer verilmiş, Mormon Kilisesi’nde yapılan eğitim ve misyonerlik faaliyetleri özetlenerek açıklanmıştır. Çalışmada Mormon toplulukların temel inançları
ve ibadet uygulamaları ile aile, sağlık, yaşam, evlilik, ahlak, tanrı ve din konularındaki temel görüşleri de tartışılmıştır. Bu çalışmayla, 160’tan fazla ülkede geniş bir coğrafi alanda yayılış gösteren ve 16 milyondan fazla taraftarı
olan “İsa Mesih’in Ahir Zaman Azizleri Kilisesi’nin” temel ilkeleri ve inanç özellikleri açıklandığı gibi Hristiyanlık mezhepleri ile Mormon inancı arasındaki benzerlikler ve farklılıklar da irdelenmiştir. Çalışmanın son kısmında
kıtalar ve ülkeler bazında Mormon nüfusunun coğrafi dağılışı irdelenmiş ve tüm bunlar coğrafi haritalarla yansıtılmıştır. Bu çalışmanın en önemli sonuçlarından birisi, Mormon inancının en geniş coğrafi mekâna yayılma başarısı göstermiş
ve en hızla taraftar sayılarını arttıran yeni dini hareketlerden biri olduğunun tespit edilmesidir.
Digital Natives and Their Mentors Digital Parents
Authors: ERGİN Büşra , ERGİN Esra
Published: April 2022

The aim of this study is to determine the cognitive structures and misconceptions of the students who continue their education in the Preschool Education Department about the concepts of "Digital Native and Digital Parenting". Ethical
permissions were obtained to conduct the research. This study is designed as qualitative research and a case study pattern, one of the qualitative research approaches, was used. The study group of the research consists of 56 students
who continue their education in the department of preschool education. The independent word association test is used to collect the data of the study. The data obtained from the study group are evaluated using the content analysis
method. As a result of the categorization of the data, 4 categories were created for both concepts. Categories created for the digital native keyword; perceived digital native, what is not digital native, the negativities awaiting
digital natives are the gains of being digital native. Similarly, the categories created for the digital parent key concept; The perceived digital parent, what it is not, the digital parent, the negativities that await digital
parents, the gains of being a digital parent. Among these categories, the category with the highest number of answer words given for the concept of "Digital Native" and the total frequency of the answer words is the category named
"Achievements of being a digital native", while the number of answer words for the concept of "Digital Parenting" and at the same time the total frequency of the answer words is the highest. As a result, it is seen that word association
tests are an effective technique in revealing the cognitive structures of individuals regarding a concept or subject and in detecting misconceptions.
An Experimental Case Study on Generation of Bio-Energy as Clean Technology Initiative in a Food Industry
Authors: Guha Rishiparna , Podder Susanta , Bhattacharjee Tania , Ghosh Sayantani , Bhattacharya Amitlal
Published: April 2022

India is a country with huge potential for Biomass Energy (BE) generation numerically estimated as 20GW. The country is making some serious efforts in terms of both scientific interventions and fiscal incentives to economically attract more projects of BE for its renewability properties. Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE) Government of India is encouraging clean technologies (CT) to get adopted by revenue generating organizations through provisions of certificates for emission reduction, Carbon-Credits or giving preferential tariffs. These initiatives have been welcomed by industries as they often have large amount of bio-degradable waste to send to treatment facilities. Anaerobic Digestion (AD) process has got much attention in industrial waste treatment ventures in this framework. Bio-chemical breakdown process of waste releases biogas that can be utilized in electricity and steam generation and simultaneously landfill expenses can be avoided. Present study is based on an experiment of converting potato peels of a food industry to generate biogas. Standard AD process is utilized with a suitably selected pre-treatment mechanism to make the process of BE generation more efficient according to the scale of industrial dimensions. This venture is one of the many CT initiatives taken by the industry for achieving sustainability goals of the EHS (Environment-Health-Safety) division. The process is estimated to produce 16 lt methane gas per 1 kg of potato peel waste. This process of generation of BE is capable to off-set of 3000 Kcal amount of energy required for industrial operation. Further a SWOT analysis has been carried out to critically analyze the suitability of the experiment as per industrial scale.
Response of Timber Yield, Biomass, CAI and Carbon Sequestration to Varied Pruning Intensities of Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. in Agrisilviculture System in Central India
Authors: Kar Satyajeet , Sahu M. L. , Bajpai R. , Agrawal S. B. , Singh R. B. , Rout Sandeep
Published: April 2022

In Central India, an experiment was carried out on a 22 year old Dalbergia sissoo based agrisilviculture model in 2020-21 to investigate the response of different pruning intensities on Rabi seasonal diameter growth, timber production, CAI of total biomass, and carbon sequestration potential. Each year, paddy followed by wheat is grown under trees spaced at 5m × 5m continuously being treated with four different pruning intensities, i.e., 0% (P0: No pruning), 25% (P25: Light pruning), 50% (P50: Moderate pruning) and 75% (P75: Heavy pruning) of the total tree height. It was reported that different rates of pruning had a significant effect. Maximum Rabi seasonal D.B.H. increment was recorded in P0 (0.68 cm) and minimum in P75 (0.49 cm). Maximum seasonal yield of large-sized timber, small-sized timber, and fuelwood (5.80 m3 ha-1, 0.62 m3 ha-1 and 7.48 q ha-1, respectively) were recorded under light pruning treatment (P25). However, the minimum seasonal yield of large-sized timber and fuelwood (5.80 m3 ha-1 and 5.14 q ha-1, respectively) were under heavy pruning (P75) and the minimum seasonal yield of small-sized timber (0.32 m3 ha-1) under moderate pruning (P50).  Maximum annual above-ground biomass, annual below-ground biomass and current annual increment of total biomass (171.63 q ha-1 yr-1, 34.33 q ha-1 yr-1, and 205.95 t ha-1 respectively) were recorded under light pruning treatment (P25), while minimum (84.50 q ha-1 yr-1, 16.90 q ha-1 yr-1 and 101.40 t ha-1 respectively) under heavy pruning (P75). Carbon sequestration potential was reported to be higher with light pruning (92.68 q ha-1 yr-1), followed by moderate pruning (63.69 q ha-1 yr-1), while minimum under heavy pruning (45.63 q ha-1 yr-1) and no pruning (46.91 q ha-1 yr-1) at all. It was concluded that light pruning of 25% was best among the four treatments in terms of timber and biomass yield.
Impact of Rainfall Trend on Irrigated Agriculture of Narayanapura Command in a Semi-Arid Region of South India
Authors: Abhilash R. , Venkatesh B. , Srinivasa C. V. , Rajaput Mohansing
Published: April 2022

Water demands have been exacerbated by the uncertainty in rainfall occurrences and distribution due to various factors in a changing climate and growing population. The irrigation sector has the highest water demand, accounting for 85 percent of total water use in Karnataka. Rainfall plays a critical part in meeting irrigation needs. To effectively allocate and manage water resources for command area management, examining rainfall patterns, distribution of rainfall trends, both regional and temporal variations is necessary. Hence, the primary focus of this research is to investigate the impact of rainfall trends on agricultural water requirements for a typical study area in semi-arid region.

To assess the rainfall trend, time-series statistical trend tests called Mann–Kendall (MK) test and the Innovative Trend Analysis (ITA) approach are used to examine the spatio-temporal distributions of long-term rainfall patterns for the Narayanapura command region. The results are then geo-processed to examine the spatial distribution of trends using the isohyetal concept. The findings illustrate the spatial distribution of rainfall trend for the command in a semi-arid region on a monthly, monsoon, and annual basis.

Spatio-temporal analyses from both methodologies indicates the trend in rainfall pattern is decreasing annually and in monsoon months, with a rising trend for pre-monsoon showers. The trend variation pattern also reveals periodic oscillation alignment in the direction of south-west monsoon movement. According to MK test results, monsoon rainfall is anticipated to decrease by 12 percent by 2047, and by 21 percent from ITA results. Further, impact analysis indicates that, for every unit millimeter of rainfall deficit, there would be a 62 Ha-m increase in irrigation water demand.
PENGARUH SERVANT LEADERSHIP TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN MELALUI EMPLOYEE ENGAGEMENT DI RESTORAN SHABURI & KINTAN BUFFET SURABAYA
Authors: Agatha Sharon Cornelia , Go Mario Armando Bryian
Published: April 2022

Company leaders are responsible for improving employee performance by increasing employee involvement on the job. The right leadership style enhances employee performance because it causes employees to feel motivated. This study aims to explain the influence of servant leadership on employee performance through employee engagement at Shaburi & Kintan Buffet Restaurants in Surabaya. This type of research is quantitative research, and research variables include servant leadership, employee engagement, and employee performance. The number of samples is 60 employees. The data collection techniques used a questionnaire. The data analysis technique used a structural equation model with the PLS. This study's findings indicate that servant leadership directly affects employee engagement but does not directly affect employee performance. On the other hand, employee engagement directly affects employee performance. Therefore, employee engagement is a variable that mediates the influence of servant leadership on employee performance.

Abstrak                                                                        

Pimpinan perusahaan memiliki tanggung jawab meningkatkan kinerja karyawan dengan meningkatkan keterlibatan karyawan pada pekerjaan. Gaya kepemimpinan yang tepat dinilai akan mampu meningkatkan kinerja karyawan karena menyebabkan karyawan merasa termotivasi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menjelaskan pengaruh servant leadership terhadap kinerja karyawan melalui employee engagement pada Restoran Shaburi & Kintan Buffet di Surabaya. Jenis penelitian adalah penelitian kuantitatif, variabel penelitian meliputi: servant leadership, employee engagement, dan kinerja karyawan. Jumlah sampel sebanyak 60 karyawan. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner. Teknik analisis data menggunakan structural equation model dengan program PLS. Temuan penelitian ini menunjukkan: servant leadership berpengaruh secara langsung terhadap employee engagement, tetapi tidak berpengaruh secara langsung terhadap kinerja karyawan. Employee engagement berpengaruh secara langsung terhadap kinerja karyawan. Employee engagement adalah variabel yang memediasi pengaruh servant leadership terhadap kinerja karyawan.
Dosimetric evaluation of cone‐beam CT‐based synthetic CTs in pediatric patients undergoing intensity‐modulated proton therapy
Authors: Sheikh Khadija , Liu Dezhi , Li Heng , Acharya Sahaja , Ladra Matthew M. , Hrinivich William T.
Published: April 2022

Purpose

To evaluate dosimetric changes detected using synthetic computed tomography (sCT) derived from online cone‐beam CTs (CBCT) in pediatric patients treated using intensity‐modulated proton therapy (IMPT).

Methods

Ten pediatric patients undergoing IMPT and aligned daily using proton gantry‐mounted CBCT were identified for retrospective analysis with treated anatomical sites fully encompassed in the CBCT field of view. Dates were identified when the patient received both a CBCT and a quality assurance CT (qCT) for routine dosimetric evaluation. sCTs were generated based on a deformable registration between the initial plan CT (pCT) and CBCT. The clinical IMPT plans were re‐computed on the same day qCT and sCT, and dosimetric changes due to tissue change or response from the initial plan were computed using each image. Linear regression analysis was performed to determine the correlation between dosimetric changes detected using the qCT and the sCT. Gamma analysis was also used to compare the dose distributions computed on the qCT and sCT.

Results

The correlation coefficients (p‐values) between qCTs and sCTs for changes detected in target coverage, overall maximum dose, and organ at risk dose were 0.97 (< .001), 0.84 (.002) and 0.91 (< .001), respectively. Mean ± SD gamma pass rates of the sCT‐based dose compared to the qCT‐based dose at 3%/3 mm, 3%/2 mm, and 2%/2 mm criteria were 96.5%±4.5%, 93.2%±6.3%, and 91.3%±7.8%, respectively. Pass rates tended to be lower for targets near lung.

Conclusion

While insufficient for re‐planning, sCTs provide approximate dosimetry without administering additional imaging dose in pediatric patients undergoing IMPT. Dosimetric changes detected using sCTs are correlated with changes detected using clinically‐standard qCTs; however, residual differences in dosimetry remain a limitation. Further improvements in sCT image quality may both improve online dosimetric evaluation and reduce imaging dose for pediatric patients by reducing the need for routine qCTs.
Reactogenicity of the Messenger RNA SARS–CoV‐2 Vaccines Associated With Immunogenicity in Patients With Autoimmune and Inflammatory Disease
Authors: Yang Monica M. , Taylor Kimberly E. , Paez Diana , Carividi Alex , Demissie Emanuel , Pawar Niti , El‐Qunni Alia A. , McMorrow Lily E. , Schriefer Rebecca E. , Huang Katherine , Kinnett Baylee , Klebert Michael , Haile Alem , O'Halloran Jane A. , Presti Rachel M. , Kim Wooseob , Ellebedy Ali H. , Ciorba Matthew A. , Paley Michael A. , Deepak Parakkal , Kim Alfred H. J. , Katz Patricia , Matloubian Mehrdad , Nakamura Mary , Gensler Lianne S.
Published: April 2022

Objective

Little is known regarding the reactogenicity and related SARS–CoV‐2 vaccine response in patients with chronic inflammatory disease (CID). Our objective was to characterize the adverse event profile of CID patients following SARS–CoV‐2 vaccination and understand the relationship between reactogenicity and immunogenicity of SARS–CoV‐2 vaccines.

Methods

CID patients and healthy controls eligible to receive messenger RNA (mRNA) SARS–CoV‐2 vaccines participated in 3 study visits (pre‐vaccine, after dose 1, and after dose 2) in which blood and clinical data were collected. Assessment of adverse events were solicited within 7 days of receiving each dose. Serum anti–SARS–CoV‐2 spike IgG ± antibody titers were quantified following vaccination. Statistical analysis was performed utilizing mixed models and tobit regressions, with adjustment for covariates.

Results

The present study included 441 participants (322 CID patients and 119 control subjects). Compared to controls, CID patients reported greater symptom severity after dose 1 (P = 0.0001), including more myalgia and fatigue (P < 0.05). For immunogenicity, a higher symptom severity after dose 1 and a higher number of symptoms after dose 2 was associated with higher antibody titers (P ≤ 0.05). Each increase of 1 symptom was associated with a 15.1% increase in antibody titer. Symptom association was strongest with site pain after dose 1 (105%; P = 0.03) and fatigue after dose 2 (113%; P = 0.004).

Conclusion

Patients with CID have a distinct reactogenicity profile following SARS–CoV‐2 vaccination compared to controls. Furthermore, there is an association between increased reactogenicity and increased vaccine response. This finding may speak to the more variable immunogenicity in CID patients and may be an important indicator of vaccine response to the novel SARS–CoV‐2 vaccines.
Individual Regression Modeling of Spinal Mobility Measurements in Long‐Term Ankylosing Spondylitis: In‐Depth Analyses With Comparison to Norm Data
Authors: Hörnberg Kristina , Ljung Lotta , Södergren Anna , Sundström Björn
Published: April 2022

Objective

Normal age‐related decline and temporary restrictions in mobility complicate the understanding of spinal mobility deterioration over time in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS). In this study, we aimed to determine whether spinal mobility deterioration occurred linearly in patients with AS. We also aimed to compare patterns of change with corresponding age‐related normal values and analyze variations in temporary fluctuations in mobility measurements over time.

Methods

We included 111 men and 30 women (median age 20.9 years at symptom onset), who were followed for a median of 34 years since symptom onset. This inclusion resulted in 9,697 spinal mobility measurements for analysis. Individual linear regression models for development of lateral spinal flexion (LSF), the 10‐cm Schober test (ST10), chest expansion (CE), and cervical rotation (CR) were analyzed and compared with normal age‐related decline over time.

Results

The median values for the constants of all measurements were significantly lower than the norm data. However, LSF, ST10, and CE followed a yearly linear decline comparable to the norm data, whereas CR declined approximately twice as fast as expected from the norm data (beta median −0.62° [25th–75th percentile −1.16, −0.22] and −0.35° [25th–75th percentile −0.35, −0.35], respectively). Temporary fluctuations in LSF and CE were significantly higher during the early phase of the disease, with decreasing residuals over time.

Conclusion

Based on median constants of our data, mobility restrictions related to AS seem to mainly occur during the first years of disease, indicating a narrow window of opportunity for prevention.
Characterization and Analysis of Plastic Instability in an Ultrafine‐Grained Medium Mn TRIP Steel
Authors: Teng Zhenjie , Wu Haoran , Pramanik Sudipta , Hoyer Kay‐Peter , Schaper Mirko , Zhang Hanlong , Boller Christian , Starke Peter
Published: April 2022

Herein, the mechanical and magnetic behavior of an ultrafine‐grained (UFG) medium manganese (Mn) transformation‐induced plasticity (TRIP) steel is focused on in its plastic instability. The in situ methods of digital image correlation (DIC) and magnetic Barkhausen noise (MBN) are used to macroscopically characterize the propagation of the Lüders band (stretcher–strain marks) and the evolution of MBN activities during quasistatic tensile deformation. The evolution of microstructure during the plastic instability is investigated ex situ using X‐Ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) for selected plastic strain states. It is showed in the results that the plastic instability of this steel is associated with an increase of hardness and enrichment of dislocation density, which can also amplify the MBN signal, while the derived coercivity behaves reversely on an overall trend due to work hardening. The different stress response of the medium Mn steel is closely related to the kinetic martensite microstructure, which in turn modifies the domain–structure response. Thus, the MBN can be used as a potential means for nondestructive evaluation (NDE) for the strengthening of the UFG medium Mn TRIP steel.
Solution Printing of Electronics and Sensors: Applicability and Application in Space
Authors: Li Weibin , Zhang Chen , Lan Ding , Ji Wenjie , Wang Yuren
Published: April 2022

To ensure the safety and reliability of increasingly frequent, long‐duration, and long‐distance space missions, a sufficient and timely supply of the electronics and sensors that are essential in the maintenance and regeneration of spacecraft in space has become urgent. Solution‐based printing (SP) in space can be considered a disruptive technology for in situ manufacturing and maintenance of functional devices during the long duration and endurance of space exploration and crewed spaceﬂight. Herein, the origin and overview of the printing techniques in space are first introduced and further the printing processes in extreme space environments are discussed; then, its potential space applications in flexible solar cells, soft and wearable sensors, and space‐based antennas are forecast; finally, survivability for printed electronics in space is analyzed. Overall, a comprehensive description of the applicability and application of the SP techniques for manufacturing electronics and sensors in space is given.
Deterministic Assembly of Colloidal Quantum Dots for Multifunctional Integrated Photonics
Authors: Zhao Yuyan , Feng Jiangang , Chen Gaosong , Wu Jun‐Jie , Wang Xue‐dong , Jiang Lei , Wu Yuchen
Published: April 2022

Colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) are promising for photonic applications toward lasers, waveguides, and photodetectors. However, integration of high‐quality photonic elements into multifunctional devices is still restricted by optical losses stemming from the accumulation of defects and disorder in the solution process. Herein, a platform with a directional Laplace pressure is created for eliminating undesired pinning of liquid fronts in the solution process and boosting ordered assembly of CQDs into designable micro‐/nanostructures. The versatility and robustness of this method are demonstrated by deterministic patterning of CQDs with different components and photoluminescence spectra onto various substrates. On the basis of this platform, microring lasers with tunable emission modes, low‐loss waveguides, and their coupled structures have been reached for direct on‐chip generation and propagation of coherent light. A proof‐of‐concept demonstration of integrated circuits is also conducted by combining microcavity lasers with waveguides for encoding photonic outputs into information bits.
Electrochemical Capacitors with Confined Redox Electrolytes and Porous Electrodes
Authors: Yang Nianjun , Yu Siyu , Zhang Wenjun , Cheng Hui‐Ming , Simon Patrice , Jiang Xin
Published: April 2022

Electrochemical capacitors (ECs), including electrical‐double‐layer capacitors and pseudocapacitors, feature high power densities but low energy densities. To improve the energy densities of ECs, redox electrolyte‐enhanced ECs (R‐ECs) or supercapbatteries are designed through employing confined soluble redox electrolytes and porous electrodes. In R‐ECs the energy storage is based on diffusion‐controlled faradaic processes of confined redox electrolytes at the surface of a porous electrode, which thus take the merits of high power densities of ECs and high energy densities of batteries. In the past few years, there has been great progress in the development of this energy storage technology, particularly in the design and synthesis of novel redox electrolytes and porous electrodes, as well as the configurations of new devices. Herein, a full‐screen picture of the fundamentals and the state‐of‐art progress of R‐ECs are given together with a discussion and outlines about the challenges and future perspectives of R‐ECs. The strategies to improve the performance of R‐ECs are highlighted from the aspects of their capacitances and capacitance retention, power densities, and energy densities. The insight into the philosophies behind these strategies will be favorable to promote the R‐EC technology toward practical applications of supercapacitors in different fields.
Two‐Photon Nanomachining of a Micromechanically Enhanced Optical Cavity Sensor on an Optical Fiber Tip
Authors: Williams Jeremiah C. , Chandrahalim Hengky , Suelzer Joseph S. , Usechak Nicholas G.
Published: April 2022

Herein, a two‐photon nanostructuring process that is employed to monolithically integrate dynamic three‐dimensional (3D) micromechanical features into Fabry–Pérot cavity (FPC) sensors on an optical fiber tip is demonstrated. These features represent a breakthrough in the integration and fabrication capabilities of micro optomechanical devices and systems. The demonstrated dynamic optical surface enables directional thin‐film deposition onto obscured areas. The rotation of the dynamically movable mirror to deposit a thin reflective coating onto the inner surfaces of a FPC with curved geometry is leveraged. The reflective coating in conjunction with the dynamically rotatable mirror greatly improves the quality factor of the FPC and enables a new class of highly integrated multipurpose sensor systems. A unique open cavity geometry on an optical fiber tip is used to demonstrate temperature and refractive index sensing with sensitivities of 2045 ± 39 nm/RIU and 366 ± 22 pm °C−1, respectively. A gold reflective coating sputtered onto the inner surfaces of the FPC improves the quality factors of the cavity by more than 800%. This technology presents a path forward for utilizing 3D design freedom in micromechanically enhanced optical systems to facilitate versatile processing and advantageous geometries beyond the current state of the art.
High‐Density Oxygen Doping of Conductive Metal Sulfides for Better Polysulfide Trapping and Li2S‐S8 Redox Kinetics in High Areal Capacity Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Li Yiyi , Wu Haiwei , Wu Donghai , Wei Hairu , Guo Yanbo , Chen Houyang , Li Zhijian , Wang Lei , Xiong Chuanyin , Meng Qingjun , Liu Hanbin , Chan Candace K.
Published: April 2022

Exploring new materials and methods to achieve high utilization of sulfur with lean electrolyte is still a common concern in lithium‐sulfur batteries. Here, high‐density oxygen doping chemistry is introduced for making highly conducting, chemically stable sulfides with a much higher affinity to lithium polysulfides. It is found that doping large amounts of oxygen into NiCo2S4 is feasible and can make it outperform the pristine oxides and natively oxidized sulfides. Taking the advantages of high conductivity, chemical stability, the introduced large Li–O interactions, and activated Co (Ni) facets for catalyzing Sn2–, the NiCo2(O–S)4 is able to accelerate the Li2S‐S8 redox kinetics. Specifically, lithium‐sulfur batteries using free‐standing NiCo2(O–S)4 paper and interlayer exhibit the highest capacity of 8.68 mAh cm–2 at 1.0 mA cm–2 even with a sulfur loading of 8.75 mg cm–2 and lean electrolyte of 3.8 µL g–1. The high‐density oxygen doping chemistry can be also applied to other metal compounds, suggesting a potential way for developing more powerful catalysts towards high performance of Li–S batteries.
Rational Design of Nanostructured Metal/C Interface in 3D Self‐Supporting Cellulose Carbon Aerogel Facilitating High‐Performance Li‐CO2 Batteries
Authors: Liu Limin , Qin Yanyang , Wang Ke , Mao Heng , Wu Hu , Yu Wei , Zhang Dongyang , Zhao Hongyang , Wang Hairong , Wang Jiuhong , Xiao Chunhui , Su Yaqiong , Ding Shujiang
Published: April 2022

The sluggish kinetics of CO2 reduction and evolution reaction (CRR and CER) on the Li–CO2 battery cathode seriously hindered its practical application. Rational design of the Ru/C interface is expected to simultaneously decrease the free energy barrier of intermediate species and create a favorable electronic structure, effectively promoting the catalytic reaction kinetics of the CRR and CER. Herein, a 3D self‐supporting cellulose carbon aerogel (CCA) with well‐defined Ru/C interfaces (Ru@CCA) is synthesized as an advanced CO2‐breathing cathode for Li–CO2 batteries. The results show that the energy efficiency significantly improves to 80% with a high discharge capacity of 10.71 mA h cm−2 at 20 µA cm−2, and excellent cyclic stability of 421 cycles at 100 µA cm−2. These outstanding performances are highly competitive compared with state‐of‐art Li–CO2 cathodes. In addition, the unique interface design strategy is applied to other non‐noble metal@CCA cathodes, which confirms the advantages of constructing nanostructure metal/C interfaces for improving the kinetics of CRR and CER. This fundamental understanding of the structure–performance relationship provides new inspiration for designing highly efficient cathode catalysts for Li–CO2 batteries.
Classic mechanisms and experimental models for the anti‐inflammatory effect of traditional Chinese medicine
Authors: Hongzhi Du , Xiaoying Hou , Yujie Guo , Le Chen , Yuhuan Miao , Dahui Liu , Luqi Huang
Published: April 2022

Inflammation is a common disease involved in the pathogenesis, complications, and sequelae of a large number of related diseases, and therefore considerable research has been directed toward developing anti‐inflammatory drugs for the prevention and treatment of these diseases. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been used to treat inflammatory and related diseases since ancient times. According to the review of abundant modern scientific researches, it is suggested that TCM exhibit anti‐inflammatory effects at different levels, and via multiple pathways with various targets, and recently a series of in vitro and in vivo anti‐inflammatory models have been developed for anti‐inflammation research in TCM. Currently, the reported classic mechanisms of TCM and experimental models of its anti‐inflammatory effects provide reference points and guidance for further research and development of TCM. Importantly, the research clearly confirms that TCM is now and will continue to be an effective form of treatment for many types of inflammation and inflammation‐related diseases.
A Well‐Defined Anionic Dicopper(I) Monohydride Complex that Reacts like a Cluster**
Authors: Bienenmann Roel L. M. , Schanz Alexandra J. , Ooms Pascale L. , Lutz Martin , Broere Daniël L. J.
Published: April 2022

Low‐nuclearity copper hydrides are rare and few well‐defined dicopper hydrides have been reported. Herein, we describe the first example of a structurally characterized anionic dicopper hydride complex. This complex does not display typical reactivity associated with low‐nuclearity copper hydrides, such as alcoholysis or insertion reactions. Instead, its stoichiometric and catalytic reactivity is akin to that of copper hydride clusters. The distinct reactivity is ascribed to the robust dinuclear core that is bound tightly within the dinucleating ligand scaffold.
Nickel N‐heterocyclic carbene complexes based on xanthines: Synthesis and antifungal activity on Candida sp.
Authors: Francescato Giulia , Silva Sofia M. da , Leitão Maria Inês P. S. , Gaspar‐Cordeiro Ana , Giannopoulos Nikolaos , Gomes Clara S. B. , Pimentel Catarina , Petronilho Ana
Published: April 2022

Invasive fungal diseases affect more than two million people worldwide. The increasing incidence of invasive fungal infections is the result of many factors, including an increase in the resistance to current drugs. As such, there is an urgent need to obtain new drugs that are efficient, selective, and able to overcome existing resistance mechanisms. Candida yeasts are responsible for more than 70% of all nosocomial invasive fungal diseases. In this work, we describe the synthesis of nickel (II)(NHC) complexes based on xanthines, by direct metalation of xanthinium salts with nickelocene NiCp2to yield [NiCpI(NHC)] complexes. For methyl caffeine, a biscarbene complex [NiCp(NHC)2]+is also formed, resulting from carbene dissociation from the corresponding monocarbene. [NiCpI(NHC)] complexes are active as antifungals for Candida yeasts and show toxicity for human cells (HeLa) that is dependent on the substitution of N7 of the xanthine moiety. The biscarbene complex 5[NiCp(NHC)2]+is highly selective for Candida glabrata and shows very low toxicity for human cells, being a promising candidate for selective treatment of C. glabrata infections.
Solution for optimal control of general nonlinear systems using generating functions
Authors: Wang Shi , Wang Yaonan , Liang Qiaokang , Chen Yijing
Published: April 2022

In this paper, we present an analytical local solution for optimal control problems applicable to a wide class of general nonlinear systems. We first introduce the optimal control problem for a general nonlinear system and formulate the associated Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman equation. Starting from the necessary conditions for optimality represented by the Hamiltonian system of the optimal control problem, we solve the Hamilton–Jacobi equation for the associated generating functions. The generating functions are obtained in the form of series expansions by using canonical transformation theory and the semi‐tensor product of matrices. The coefficients of the generating functions satisfy simply the algebraic Riccati equation and linear algebraic equations for the second‐degree homogeneous component and higher degree components, respectively, from which an algorithm and data structure can be derived. This enables us to obtain analytical optimal feedback controllers and the corresponding Lyapunov function. Through theoretical analysis, it is established that the proposed methodology guarantees stability of the closed‐loop system. This approach is not affected by the complexity of the performance index and state equations, and most importantly, it does not require any initial admissible control law. A simulation example is presented to illustrate the effectiveness and applicability of the proposed approach.
Bautechnische Untersuchungen an der historischen Kanalbrücke Minden
Authors: Kiesel Annika , Stein Ronald , Borschnek Ferdinand , Stephan Christoph
Published: April 2022

An der historischen Kanalbrücke Minden wurden im Rahmen planmäßiger Zustandsuntersuchungen stellenweise Korrosionserscheinungen an den über 100 Jahre alten, schwer zugänglichen Gelenken der tragenden Bogenkonstruktionen festgestellt. Um einordnen zu können, welchen Einfluss eine eventuelle Schädigung der Gelenke auf das Trag‐ und Verformungsverhalten des Bauwerks hat, werden parallel zu einer Zustandserfassung sowohl numerische als auch messtechnische Untersuchungen der Kanalbrücke durchgeführt. In einem numerischen Modell wird das planmäßige Trag‐ und Verformungsverhalten analysiert und qualitativ erfasst. Die gewonnenen Erkenntnisse werden mit im Rahmen der Bauwerksinspektion erhobenen Messdaten sowie mit 3D‐Laserscanmessungen verglichen und validiert. Die durchgeführten und geplanten Untersuchungen werden im Beitrag erläutert und der aktuelle Sachstand sowie bisherige Erkenntnisse vorgestellt.
Social validity of pediatric feeding treatment components across time
Authors: Taylor Tessa , Taylor Sarah Ann
Published: April 2022

There is limited research on the social validity of treatment for pediatric feeding disorders. When it is assessed, the evaluation of treatment acceptability may focus on a few specific procedures or the entire program post‐treatment. This report took place within a home‐based behavior‐analytic treatment model in Australia. Caregivers of eight children (aged 3–11) with pediatric feeding disorders provided treatment acceptability ratings for the full range of treatment procedures, at pre‐ and post‐treatment. Caregivers were also provided the opportunity to provide open‐ended responses. Results showed that caregivers unanimously gave strong ratings of the importance of goals, and preferred that treatment be effective and quick, over minimizing side effects. Procedures experienced by all caregivers (differential attention, tangible reinforcement, nonremoval of the spoon, and re‐presentation) were rated highly at admission and increased at discharge, with the exception of tangible electronics. Caregivers of children receiving additional procedures for acceptance or clean mouth also provided high acceptability ratings for these at both timepoints. This report is the first to examine pre‐ and post‐acceptability measures on the full range of treatment procedures with caregivers experiencing treatment. Results inform future research and will serve to improve efforts to disseminate behavior analysis as an acceptable and effective treatment for pediatric feeding disorders.
A sensitive electrochemiluminescent sensor chip based on the ssDNA‐Ru(II) complex and aptamer for the determination of thrombin
Authors: Luo Weiwei , Ye Zhuoxin , Song Daqian , Ma Pinyi
Published: April 2022

In this work, an electrochemiluminescence (ECL) sensor chip for sensitive detection of thrombin (TB) was prepared using a screen‐printed electrode (SPE) as a working electrode and an aptamer as a specific recognition moiety. To produce an ECL sensor chip, a layer of pL‐Cys was immobilized on the surface of the SPE using the cyclic voltammetry scanning method. A layer of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) was assembled through an Au–S bond and hairpin DNA was further immobilized on the electrode surface. Ru(bpy)2(mcpbpy)2+, as a luminescent reagent, was covalently bound to single‐stranded DNA (ssDNA) to prepare a luminescence probe ssDNA‐Ru. The probe was hybridized with TB aptamer to form a capture probe. In the presence of TB, the TB aptamer in the capture probe bound to TB, causing the release of ssDNA‐Ru that could bind to hairpin DNA on the electrode surface. The Ru(II) complex as a luminescent reagent was assembled onto the electrode, and pL‐Cys was used as a co‐reactant to enhance the ECL efficiency. The ECL signal of the sensor chip generated based on the above principles had a linear relationship with log TB concentration at the range 10 fM to1 nM, and the detection limit was 0.2 fM. Finally, TB detection using this method was verified using real blood samples. This work provides a new method using an aptamer as a foundation and SPE as a material for the detection of biological substances.
Investigation into the morphological implications on electron transfer dynamics of lithium peroxides by scanning electrochemical microscopy
Authors: Ryu C. Hyun , Ahn Hyun S.
Published: April 2022

Lithium–air batteries are highlighted as one of promising next generation battery technology with high gravimetric energy density. To date, however, cyclability of lithium–air batteries has been low, insufficient for commercial use. Many recent research accounts focused on understanding the mechanism of the discharge reaction in attempts to improve the cyclability, and revealed that two structurally distinct lithium peroxide species form during discharge, thin films and toroids, among which toroids formation results in beneficial effects in both cyclability and overall discharge capacity. In this work, scanning electrochemical microscopy was applied to investigate electron transfer dynamics of the two lithium peroxide species, from which a much faster surface electron transfer was observed from lithium peroxide toroids compared to that of thin films. The difference is postulated to stem from the difference in the formation mechanism of the two species.