bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bismuth-induced effects on optical, lattice vibrational, and structural properties of bulk GaAsBi alloys
Authors: Sarcan Fahrettin , Dönmez Ömer , Kara Kamuran , Erol Ayse , Akalın Elif , Çetin Arıkan Mehmet , Makhloufi Hajer , Arnoult Alexandre , Fontaine Chantal
Published: March 2014

Bulk GaAs1 - x
Bi
x
/GaAs alloys with various bismuth compositions are studied using power- and temperature-dependent photoluminescence (PL), Raman scattering, and atomic force microscopy (AFM). PL measurements exhibit that the bandgap of the alloy decreases with increasing bismuth composition. Moreover, PL peak energy and PL characteristic are found to be excitation intensity dependent. The PL signal is detectable below 150 K at low excitation intensities, but quenches at higher temperatures. As excitation intensity is increased, PL can be observable at room temperature and PL peak energy blueshifts. The quenching temperature of the PL signal tends to shift to higher temperatures with increasing bismuth composition, giving rise to an increase in Bi-related localization energy of disorders. The composition dependence of the PL is also found to be power dependent, changing from about 63 to 87 meV/Bi% as excitation intensity is increased. In addition, S-shaped temperature dependence at low excitation intensities is observed, a well-known signature of localized levels above valence band. Applying Varshni’s law to the temperature dependence of the PL peak energy, the concentration dependence of Debye temperature (β) and thermal expansion coefficient (α) are determined. AFM observations show that bismuth islands are randomly distributed on the surface and the diameter of the islands tends to increase with increasing bismuth composition. Raman scattering spectra show that incorporation of Bi into GaAs causes a new feature at around 185 cm-1 with slightly increasing Raman intensity as the Bi concentration increases. A broad feature located between 210 and 250 cm-1 is also observed and its intensity increases with increasing Bi content. Furthermore, the forbidden transverse optical (TO) mode becomes more pronounced for the samples with higher bismuth composition, which can be attributed to the effect of Bi-induced disorders on crystal symmetry.

PACS

78.55Cr 78.55-m 78.20-e 78.30-j
GWAS is going to the dogs
Authors: Machiela Mitchell J , Chanock Stephen J
Published: March 2014

Genome-wide association studies in canine models may help locate genomic susceptibility regions that are relevant to human disease.

See related Research: http://genomebiology.com/2014/15/3/R25
Efficacy of a triage system to reduce length of hospital stay
Authors: Williams P. , Csipke E. , Rose D. , Koeser L. , McCrone P. , Tulloch A. D. , Salaminios G. , Wykes T. , Craig T.
Published: March 2014

Background

Attempts have been made to improve the efficiency of in-patient acute care. A novel method has been the development of a ‘triage system’ in which patients are assessed on admission to develop plans for discharge or transfer to an in-patient ward.

Aims

To compare a triage admission system with a traditional system.

Method

Length of stay and readmission data for all admissions in a 1-year period between the two systems were compared using the participating trust's anonymised records.

Results

Despite reduced length of stay on the actual triage ward, the average length of stay was not reduced and the triage system did not lead to a greater number of readmissions. There was no significant difference in costs between the two systems.

Conclusions

Based on our findings we cannot conclude that the triage system reduced length of stay, but we can conclude that it does not increase the number of readmissions as some have feared.
Use of a Prescription-Assistance Program for Medically Uninsured Patients With Cancer: Case Study of a Public Hospital Experience in New York State
Authors: Gao Limin , Joseph Jivin , Santoro- Levy Marcelle , Gotlieb Vladimir K. , Multz Alan S.
Published: March 2014

Purpose:

With the advances in early detection, prevention, and treatment of some cancers, mortality rates in the United States have been consistently falling. However, with these successes have come substantial increases in the cost of cancer care. Antineoplastics are the leading class in hospital drug expenditures. Cancer treatments are causing a serious financial burden for patients, families, hospitals, and society at large, especially for those who are uninsured. Prescription assistance programs (PAPs) are offered by pharmaceutical manufacturers to provide medications at no out-of-pocket cost to medically indigent patients. To assist the Cancer Care Center at Nassau University Medical Center (NUMC) with drug costs for chemotherapies, a clinical pharmacist–managed PAP was implemented to procure chemotherapy medications from pharmaceutical manufacturers. NUMC is a safety-net teaching hospital in suburban New York. It serves mostly an indigent population, and its Level I trauma center has more than 77,000 emergency department visits per year.

Methods:

We observed all patients requiring assistance with chemotherapy who enrolled in PAPs from January 1, 2011, through December 31, 2012. The total number of visits in the clinic over 24 months was 9,405. Individuals potentially eligible for the PAP were identified by oncologists. Patients received a referral to the PAP when they mentioned to office personnel that they had difficulty obtaining medications or expressed financial concerns related to management.

Results:

The clinical pharmacist spent the majority of his time assisting uninsured individuals, working with charity pools from the drug manufacturers, and obtaining medications through the PAP. The program served 341 patients in 2011 and 579 patients in 2012. Medications obtained for these patients included both oral and parenteral chemotherapy drugs and antiemetics. The total cost savings of the medications was $908,944.11 in 2011 and $1,715,538.37 in 2012. In 2012, a total of 783 prescriptions were processed, and 775 were approved by the manufacturers (98.9%).

Conclusion:

PAPs provide a valuable safety net to ensure that uninsured patients with cancer receive needed prescription medications. The rising cost of health care and the high proportion of indigent patients have financially burdened the hospital. For the pharmacy department, this has resulted in a lack of compensation for pharmaceuticals dispensed to indigent patients. A pharmacy-based program to procure free medications for uninsured patients with cancer has helped to defray the expenses of the Cancer Care Center in providing care at NUMC, increased patient compliance with chemotherapy protocols, and allowed many patients to receive the treatments they otherwise would not have been able to afford.
Improving Medical Oncology Quality Through Peer-to-Peer Consultation
Authors: McCrone Daniel , Gill Dudley W. , Tran Cecilia , Flocco Jessica
Published: March 2014

Purpose:

This study describes how the use of peer-to-peer (P2P) physician consultation improves medical oncology care quality by preventing non–evidence-based and potentially morbid chemotherapy treatments. New Century Health (NCH) has adapted a physician audit and feedback model to strengthen adherence to clinical guidelines. In the NCH oncology program, P2P consultation complements clinical pathways and an online prior authorization platform. Payers are adopting the use of clinical pathways as a management strategy for managing costs and improving quality. Managing medical oncology is a complex process, because evidence evolves rapidly, and almost one third of chemotherapy is prescribed off label. The use of prior authorization, combined with standardized protocols for patients with specific cancer diagnoses, is one way for payers to reduce unnecessary treatment variation. [Table: see text]

Methods:

NCH completed a retrospective analysis of the chemotherapy treatment requests (CTRs) submitted by payers' oncologists for prior authorization between January and December 2012. The objectives of the clinical impact analysis were to measure the CTR disposition rate, identify the CTR intervention rate resulting from P2P consultation, and identify the types of drug triggering the interventions.

Results:

Analysis of the 13,078 CTRs associated with the 1,116 unique Medicare and commercial patients of a national health plan determined that CTRs voluntarily withdrawn or recommended adverse determination (RAD; ie, NCH recommendation to member's health plan to not authorize treatment as requested; after review of health plan policy and compendia, NCH was not able to resolve provider's request through P2P consultation and could not recommend approval of treatment plan as requested, therefore recommending denial of request) by the submitting physician as a result of a P2P consultation with an NCH board-certified oncologist comprised 11.6% of all CTRs. Further analysis identified the types of medication associated with the 1,521 CTRs withdrawn/RAD as a consequence of P2P consultation. Interventions on chemotherapeutic medications and supportive care were evenly distributed at 51.2% and 48.8%, respectively. Interventions on medications that had received US Food and Drug Administration approval within the last 2 years (initial approval or for new indications) represented 12.1%. [Table: see text]

Conclusion:

Using P2P consultation to complement a pathway-driven prior authorization process improves medical oncology quality. In addition, P2P consultation can be an effective collaborative physician engagement strategy by supporting oncologists with critical clinical information and mitigating concerns about pathway implementation and about payer involvement in drug use management.
Improving Pediatric Hematology/Oncology Care in the Emergency Department
Authors: Beck Jill C.
Published: March 2014

Given the frequency of ED visits among pediatric and adult hematology/oncology patients, the need for timely intervention in the ED, and the potential for severe consequences if patients are not identified, this topic needs further exploration.
Identifying Clinically Disruptive International Classification of Diseases 10th Revision Clinical Modification Conversions to Mitigate Financial Costs Using an Online Tool
Authors: Venepalli Neeta K. , Qamruzzaman Yusuf , Li Jianrong “John” , Lussier Yves A. , Boyd Andrew D.
Published: March 2014

Complex transitions and diagnosis codes associated with information loss within clinical oncology require additional attention during the transition to ICD-10-CM.
Undulatory locomotion of flexible foils as biomimetic models for understanding fish propulsion
Authors: Shelton Ryan M. , Thornycroft Patrick , Lauder George V.
Published: March 2014

An undulatory pattern of body bending in which waves pass along the body from head to tail is a major means of creating thrust in many fish species during steady locomotion. Analyses of live fish swimming have provided the foundation of our current understanding of undulatory locomotion, but our inability to experimentally manipulate key variables such as body length, flexural stiffness, and tailbeat frequency in freely-swimming fish has limited our ability to investigate a number of important features of undulatory propulsion. In this paper we use a robotic apparatus to create an undulatory wave in swimming passive flexible foils by creating a heave motion at their leading edge, and compare this motion to body bending patterns of bluegill sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus) and clown knifefish (Notopterus chitala). We found similar swimming speeds, Reynolds and Strouhal numbers, and patterns of curvature and shape between these fish and foils suggesting that passive flexible foils provide a useful model for understanding fish undulatory locomotion. We swam foils with different lengths, stiffnesses, and heave frequencies while measuring forces, torques, and hydrodynamics. From measured forces and torques we calculated thrust and power coefficients, work, and cost of transport for each foil. We found that increasing frequency and stiffness produced faster swimming speeds and more thrust. Increasing length had minimal impact on swimming speed, but had a large impact on Strouhal number, cost of transport, and thrust coefficient. Foils that were both stiff and long had the lowest cost of transport (in mJ m-1 g-1) at low cycle frequencies, and the ability to reach the highest speed at high cycle frequencies.
Experimental analysis of the liquid-feeding mechanism of the butterfly Pieris rapae
Authors: Lee Seung Chul , Kim Bo Heum , Lee Sang Joon
Published: March 2014

The butterflies Pieirs rapae drink liquid by using a long proboscis. A high pressure gradient is induced in the proboscis when cibarial pump muscles contract. However, liquid feeding through the long proboscis poses a disadvantage of high flow resistance. Hence, butterflies may possess special features to compensate for this disadvantage and succeed in foraging. The main objective of this study is to analyze the liquid-feeding mechanism of butterflies. The systaltic motion of cibarial pump organ was visualized by using synchrotron X-ray imaging technique. In addition, an ellipsoidal pump model was established based on synchrotron X-ray micro-computed tomography. To determine the relationship between the cyclic variation of the pump volume and the liquid-feeding flow, velocity fields of the intake flow at the tip of the proboscis were measured using micro-particle image velocimetry. Reynolds and Womersley numbers of liquid-feeding flow in the proboscis were approximately 1.40 and 0.129, respectively. The liquid-feeding flow could be characterized as a quasi-steady state laminar flow. Considering these results, we analyzed the dimensions of the feeding apparatus on the basis of minimum energy consumption during liquid-feeding process. The relationship between the proboscis and the cibarial pump was determined when minimum energy consumption occurs. As a result, the volume of the cibarial pump is proportional to the cube of the radius of the proboscis. It seems that the liquid-feeding system of butterflies and other long-proboscid insects follow the cube relationship. The present results would provide insights into the feeding strategies of liquid-feeding butterflies.
Unique function of a chemosensory protein in the proboscis of two Helicoverpa species
Authors: Liu Yu-Ling , Guo Hao , Huang Ling-Qiao , Pelosi Paolo , Wang Chen-Zhu
Published: March 2014

Chemosensory proteins (CSPs) are soluble proteins found only in arthropods. Some of them fill the lumen of chemosensilla and are believed to play a role similar to that of odorant-binding proteins in detection of semiochemicals. Other members of the CSP family have been reported to perform different functions, from delivery of pheromones to development. This report is focused on a member (CSP4) that is highly and almost exclusively present in the proboscis of two sibling noctuid species, Helicoverpa armigera and H. assulta. We have expressed the protein in bacteria and measured binding to terpenoids and related compounds. Using specific antibodies, we have found that during sucking of a sugar solution CSP4 is partly extruded from the proboscis. A solution of protein can also fill by capillary action a hydrophobic tube of same length and diameter as the proboscis. On this basis, we suggest that CSP4 acts as a wetting agent to reduce the surface tension of aqueous solutions and consequently the pressure involved in sucking.
Methods and Instruments of Project Management
Authors: ��������  , Yakovleva Anna , ��������  , Yakovleva Anna
Published: March 2014

A key problem of paper is revelation of project system elements which can be managed by network modeling. Carrying out of analysis of scientific publications in systems of design management on the basis of Web of Science and ProQuest databases has given a chance to consider statistics of publishing activity, and also to investigate concrete references for revelation of main tendencies related to networks theory use in project management. The author has identified the most demanded and actual directions of network approach application and, in particular, of social networks analysis, to design management system elements.
Management of Innovative Projects Involving Venture Capital Investments
Authors: ������  , Dagaev Aleksandr
Published: March 2014

The paper is devoted to considering of some problems related to high risk

innovative projects management. These problems are a consequence of

uncertainty inherent in innovations with realization terms, needs for resource

providing and even with the end results of carried-out projects.

The specified reasons demand use of non-standard approaches to project

management, considering specifics of innovative process. Some of such

approaches wide-spread in a practice of venture capital investment are discussed.
La migración cualificada de los profesionales de la salud en Portugal y España: una aproximación general
Authors: Masanet Ripoll Erika
Published: March 2014

Paralelamente al aumento de la demanda de profesionales de la salud en las últimas décadas, se asiste a un incremento de la migración internacional de los profesionales de la salud. España y Portugal también se han inserido en la dinámica de estos movimientos migratorios principalmente como países de destino, aunque uno se ha incorporado de manera más tardía que otro. El artículo propone un acercamiento general al tema de la migración cualificada de personal sanitario en los dos países ibéricos mediante el abordaje de las siguientes cuestiones: aproximación a las tendencias recientes de la migración internacional de profesionales de la salud a nivel mundial, caracterización general de la población de profesionales de la salud extranjeros que residen en ambos países, descripción de los principales marcos teóricos explicativos de las causas de este tipo de migración y retrato de algunos trazos generales relativos a tres grupos de estos inmigrantes cualificados en Portugal.
Incidence of butt rot at final felling and at first thinning of the subsequent rotation of Norway spruce stands in south-western Sweden
Authors: Rönnberg Jonas , Berglund Mattias , Johansson Ulf
Published: March 2014

The incidence of butt rot in Norway spruce stands at final felling and at first thinning of the subsequent rotation was investigated at 20 sites in south-western Sweden. There was a negative correlation between the incidence at first thinning and the basal area of decayed trees at final felling. Using incidence of decay or basal area of decayed trees to predict disease transfer between rotations is difficult and requires the inclusion of several factors, making predictions uncertain. The level of infection found at final felling in this study varied between 7 and 71.8%, indicating that the risk of spore infection transfer to the next rotation was probably quite low. Long-term experiments are required to reveal the effect of stump treatment on disease transmission between rotations.
Additional insight into the performance of a new heuristic for solving spatially constrained forest planning problems
Authors: Zhu Jianping , Bettinger Pete , Li Rongxia
Published: March 2014

The raindrop method of searching a solution space for feasible and efficient forest management plans has been demonstrated as being useful under a limited set of circumstances, mainly where adjacency restrictions are accommodated using the unit restriction model. We expanded on this work and applied the model (in a modified form) to a problem that had both wood flow and area restriction adjacency constraints, then tested the problem formulation on six hypothetical forests of different sizes and age class distributions. Threshold accepting and tabu search were both applied to the problems as well. The modified raindrop methodâs performance was best when applied to forests with normal age class distributions. 1-opt tabu search worked best on forests with young age class distributions. Threshold accepting and the raindrop method both performed well on forests with older age class distributions. On average, the raindrop method produced higher quality solutions for most of the problems, and in all but one case where it did not, the solutions generated were not significantly different than the heuristic that located a better solution. The advantage of the raindrop method is that it uses only two parameters and does not require extensive parameterization. The disadvantage is the amount of time it needs to solve problems with area restriction adjacency constraints. We suggest that it may be advantageous to use this heuristic on problems with relatively simple spatial forest planning constraints, and problems that do not involve young initial age class distributions. However, generalization of the performance of the raindrop method to other forest planning problems is problematic, and will require examination by those interested in pursuing this planning methodology. Given that our tests of the raindrop method are limited to a small set of URM and ARM formulations, one should view the combined set of work as additional insight into the potential performance of the method on problems of current interest to the forest planning community.
Modelling mean above and below ground litter production based on yield tables
Authors: Wutzler Thomas , Mund Martina
Published: March 2014

Estimates of litter production are a prerequisite for modeling soil carbon stocks and its changes at regional to national scale. However, the required data on biomass removal is often available only for the recent past. In this study we used yield tables as a source of probable past forest management to drive a single tree based stand growth model. Next, simulated growth and timber volume was converted to tree compartment carbon stocks and biomass turnover. The study explicitly accounted for differences in site quality between stands. In addition we performed a Monte Carlo uncertainty and sensitivity analysis. We exemplify the approach by calculating long-term means of past litter production for 10 species by using yield tables that have been applied in Central Germany during the last century. We found that litter production resulting from harvest residues was almost as large as the one from biomass turnover. Differences in site quality caused large differences in litter production. At a given site quality, the uncertainty in soil carbon inputs were 14%, 17%, and 25% for beech, spruce, and pine stands, respectively. The sensitivity analysis showed that the most influential parameters were associated with foliage biomass and turnover. We conclude that rates of mean past litter production and their uncertainties can reliably be modeled on the basis of yield tables if the model accounts for 1) full rotation length including thinning and final harvest, 2) differences in site quality, and 3) environmental dependency of foliage biomass and foliage turnover.
Experimental evidence for associational resistance against the European pine sawfly in mixed tree stands
Authors: Kaitaniemi Pekka , Riihimäki Janne , Koricheva Julia , Vehviläinen Harri
Published: March 2014

This study examined whether the saplings of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) exhibit associational resistance against the European pine sawfly Neodiprion sertifer (Hymenoptera, Diprionidae) when grown in a mixture with 50% silver birch (Betula pendula). The number of sawflies on pine trees in pure and mixed stands was manipulated at two experimental sites during two years. Survival of larvae and eggs was monitored, and the numbers of presumed sawfly predators were counted. A lower proportion of sawfly larvae and eggs survived on pines grown in the mixture with birch as compared with pure pine stands. Lower survival of sawfly larvae in the mixed stands was associated with the higher abundance of ants in these stands. The numbers of other sawfly predators (e.g. spiders and predatory heteropterans) differed between the study sites and were negatively associated with the presence of ants, which suggests possible interference between these groups. Although sawfly survival was lower on pines in the mixed stands, providing evidence of associational resistance, a related study shows the same trees had a higher number of ant-tended aphid colonies as compared with pines in the pure stands. Therefore, instead of considering resistance against individual herbivore species, it seems more practical to use associational resistance as a trait representing the resistance of larger systems, such as whole tree stands, against the total damage caused by herbivores in general.
Linking resource-based view with business economics of woodworking industry: earlier findings and future insights
Authors: Lähtinen Katja
Published: March 2014

The business environment and sources of competitiveness in the woodworking industry have changed notably since the 1990s. Wood products are traded globally, and with the increase of trade, abundant forest resources are no longer the main source of sustainable competitiveness. Competition within the woodworking industry is increasing both between European and non-European enterprises, as well as within the EU. Capability to create value-added, making rational strategic choices, and creative usage of intangible and tangible resources have been emphasized as crucial for sustaining woodworking industry competitiveness in higher cost-level countries. Resource-based view (RBV) defines the availability of intangible assets, capabilities and tangible resources, and their heterogeneous combination to form the basis for company success. The objective of this review is to examine the possibilities to employ the RBV to the study of the woodworking industry by combining existing empirical results of the factors of companiesâ competitiveness with assessment of the RBV. In the existing literature, strategies implemented in woodworking companies have been approached rather widely, while the role of intangible and tangible resources in building firm-level success has received less focus. In addition, a significant gap exists in linking firmsâ financial accounting information with empirical data on their resource-usage and business strategies. In future studies, more information of the effects of these strategic elements on the actual business success of the firms would be needed.
Energy wood and pulpwood harvesting from young stands using a prototype whole-tree bundler
Authors: Jylhä Paula , Laitila Juha
Published: March 2014

The productivity of cutting and bundling whole trees using the first prototype of a bundle-harvester comprised of a harwarder as the base machine, an accumulating felling head, and a compacting device was studied in three young stands in order to facilitate the further development of the concept. In addition, the removal and its composition were studied as a means of laying the foundations for developing methods for work rating and measurement on delivery. Bundling enables in-depth integration of pulpwood and energy wood procurement. Both energy wood (crown biomass) and pulpwood can be incorporated into the same bundles, and the subsequent separation of these fractions takes place at the debarking phase at the pulpmill. Bundle-harvesting productivities were relatively low (2.8â3.7Â m/E-h) when compared to current harvesting technology. Improving working techniques, machine structure, and components showed great potential for increasing the efficiency of the concept. The bundles were dimensionally uniform. Their solid volume varied between 0.350Â m and 0.513Â m, depending on the bundle assortment and stand properties. Integrating energy wood harvesting with pulpwood harvesting increased removal even by 59 per cent.3033
A Meshless Method of Lines for Numerical Solution of Some Coupled Nonlinear Evolution Equations
Authors: Ali Arshed , Haq Fazal , Hussain Iltaf , Shah Usman
Published: March 2014

Method of lines (MOL) together with radial basis functions (RBFs) is proposed to find the numerical solution of coupled Korteweg-de Vries (KdV) equations, coupled modified Korteweg-de Vries (mKdV) equations and coupled KdV system. The initial-boudary-value problem is reduced to a system of ordinary differential equations. The system is then solved by the fourth order Runge-Kutta method. Numerical examples are given to illustrate practical usefulness of the present approach. The method is efficient and all the examples take very low CPU time. Accuracy of the method is assessed in terms of L∞ error norm, number of nodal points and time step size. Superiority of the suggested method is shown through comparison with the spectral collocation method.
Enérgeia in trasformazione
Authors: Prifti Elton
Published: March 2014

For a suitable description of the linguistic change in contacts caused by migration it is necessary to systematically consider the four aspects of language as knowledge, activity, product and identity. The focus of this paper is placed on the perception of language as activity, or as enérgeia. It aims to describe the dynamics of enérgeia in migration-caused contacts as well as the main analytical elements and preliminary distinctions concerning linguistic behavior, such as the classification of speakers into generations, the identification of varieties of contact according to their communicative importance (primary, secondary, tertiary varieties) as well as the main choice determinants, the classification of several levels of description of enérgeia (individual, family and community) and the typology of language choices (individual vs. collective, real vs. virtual, oral vs. written use). It could be shown that enérgeia is particularly dynamic and in continuous transformation in migration-caused contacts, where it basically plays the role of the engine of language change.
Fórmulas rutinarias de rechazo en español y sus equivalencias en alemán
Authors: Zulategui Juan Pablo Larreta
Published: March 2014

Although routine formulas are relevant linguistic phenomena in the teaching of foreign languages and bilingual lexicography, contrastive studies in the language pair German-Spanish are almost non-existent, except for the extensive work of Igor Sosa. This contribution intends to analyse contrastively one type of routine formulas: rejection formulas. For this purpose, according to the nature of these units, we establish a tertium comparationis where pragmalinguistic criteria predominate, although supplemented by other factors relating to morphosyntactic and lexical features of the formulas. By means of the contrastive procedure, we first analyse in detail the Spanish units through the established criteria and in a second step we look for the equivalent German units.
Crystal structure of 2,6-dimethoxy-4-((4-(pyrimidin-2-ylsulfonyl)phenyl)-carbamoyl)phenyl acetate, C21H20N4O7S
Authors: You Yu , Miao Jian-Hua , Pan Wei-Gao , Zhou Hong , Lin Cui-Wu
Published: March 2014

C21H20N4O7S, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 17.003(2) Å, b = 14.403(2) Å, c = 9.211(1) Å, β = 97.941(2)°, V = 2233.9 Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.0461, wRref(F2) = 0.1261, T = 296 K.
Crystal structure of 3-(p-bromobenzoyl)-4-(p-bromophenyl)-1-isopropyl-4-piperidinol hydrochloride, C21H24Br2ClNO2
Authors: Aydin Abdullah , Akkurt Mehmet , Gul Halise Inci , Mete Ebru , Sahin Ertan
Published: March 2014

C21H24Br2ClNO2, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 10.3942(2) Å, b = 7.0862(2) Å, c = 29.3803(6) Å, β = 93.508(2)°, V = 2160.0 Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.0638, wRref(F2) = 0.0953, T = 294 K.
Crystal structure of dichlorido[N-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)aniline]zinc(II), C12H12Cl2N2Zn
Authors: Xu Hua-Jie , Sheng Liang-Quan , Chen Ming-Ming , Liu Zhao-Di
Published: March 2014

C12H12Cl2N2Zn, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 8.615(2) Å, b = 10.589(2) Å, c = 16.525(2) Å, β = 116.598(6)°, V = 1347.9 Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.0247, wRref(F2) = 0.0697, T = 298 K.
Crystal structure of (S)-benzyl-3-{(4-bromophenyl)carbamoyl}-3,4-dihydroisoquinoline-2(1H)-carboxylate, C24H21BrN2O3
Authors: Cele Zamani E. D. , Bhatt Pralav , Govender Thavendran , Kruger Hendrik G. , Maguire Glenn E. M.
Published: March 2014

C24H21BrN2O3, monoclinic, P21 (no. 4), a = 12.8659(6) Å, b = 10.6838(5) Å, c = 16.1445(8) Å, β = 104.351(2)°, V = 2149.9 Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.0228, wRref(F2) = 0.0603, T = 173 K.
Weed Management in Conventional- and No-Till Soybean Using Flumioxazin/Pyroxasulfone
Authors: Mahoney Kris J. , Shropshire Christy , Sikkema Peter H.
Published: March 2014

Eleven field experiments were conducted over a 3-yr period (2010, 2011, and 2012) in conventional- and no-till soybean with a flumioxazin and pyroxasulfone premix. PRE and preplant applications were evaluated for soybean injury, weed control, and yield compared to standard herbicides. Early-season soybean injury from flumioxazin/pyroxasulfone ranged from 1 to 19%; however, by harvest, soybean yields were similar across labeled rates (160 and 200 g ai ha−1), standard treatments, and the nontreated control. Flumioxazin/pyroxasulfone provided excellent control (99 to 100%) of velvetleaf, pigweed species (redroot pigweed and smooth pigweed), and common lambsquarters across almost all rates tested (80 to 480 g ai ha−1). Common ragweed, green foxtail, and giant foxtail control increased with flumioxazin/pyroxasulfone rate. The biologically effective rates varied between tillage systems. The flumioxazin/pyroxasulfone rate required to provide 80% control (R80) of pigweed was 3 and 273 g ai ha−1under conventional- and no-till, respectively. For common ragweed, the R80was 158 g ai ha−1under conventional tillage; yet, under no-till, the rate was nonestimable. The results indicate that flumioxazin/pyroxasulfone can provide effective weed control as a setup for subsequent herbicide applications.
Embedded steel plate supports in concrete tilt-up precast walls
Authors: Labib Moheb , Sheu William , Ayoub Ashraf , Mo Y. L.
Published: March 2014

Tilt-up construction has been proven to be a preferred construction method for many low- to mid-rise buildings and is used around the world, typically in commercial applications. The behaviour of embedded steel plates in precast tilt-up construction has, however, rarely been studied and is not well understood. In this work, six concrete panel specimens, each with an embedded steel plate in the centre, were designed and cast following American Concrete Institute (ACI) procedures, and tested until failure. The ACI code equations for the design of embedded steel plates were found to be too conservative. Furthermore, the results indicate that across-the-board code equation standardisation is unrealistic. The finite-element computer program Abaqus was used to develop a numerical model for tilt-up wall specimens. The model successfully simulated the behaviour of the tested specimens. The numerical model can therefore be used as an accurate design method for embedded steel plate supports that directly accounts for all the parameters that influence the behaviour.
The Human Movement System: Our Professional Identity
Authors: Sahrmann Shirley A.
Published: March 2014

The 2013 House of Delegates of the American Physical Therapy Association adopted a vision statement that addresses the role of physical therapy in transforming society through optimizing movement. The accompanying guidelines address the movement system as key to achieving this vision. The profession has incorporated movement in position statements and documents since the early 1980s, but movement as a physiological system has not been addressed. Clearly, those health care professions identified with a system of the body are more easily recognized for their expertise and role in preventing, diagnosing, and treating dysfunctions of the system than health professions identified with intervention but not a system. This perspective article provides a brief history of how leaders in the profession have advocated for clear identification of a body of knowledge. The reasons are discussed for why movement can be considered a physiological system, as are the advantages of promoting the system rather than just movement. In many ways, a focus on movement is more restrictive than incorporating the concept of the movement system. Promotion of the movement system also provides a logical context for the diagnoses made by physical therapists. In addition, there is growing evidence, particularly in relation to musculoskeletal conditions, that the focus is enlarging from pathoanatomy to pathokinesiology, further emphasizing the timeliness of promoting the role of movement as a system. Discussion also addresses musculoskeletal conditions as lifestyle issues in the same way that general health has been demonstrated to be clearly related to lifestyle. The suggestion is made that the profession should be addressing kinesiopathologic conditions and not just pathokinesiologic conditions, as would be in keeping with the physical therapist's role in prevention and as a life-span practitioner.
Adorno on the Airwaves: Feeling Reason, Educating Emotions
Authors: Parkinson Anna
Published: March 2014

In 1949, Jewish-German critical theorist Theodor W. Adorno, a member of the group of intellectuals now known as the Frankfurt School, returned to West Germany from exile in the USA. This article examines a lesser-known aspect of Adorno's participation in the West German public sphere: namely, his radio broadcasts around the topos of “eine Erziehung zur Mündigkeit” (a pedagogy fostering political maturity/autonomy). Adorno's critique of the medium of radio as an arm of the reified “culture industry” is well documented. What, then, are we to make of his sociopolitical contribution to the German public sphere in the form of over one hundred radio broadcasts in the late 1950s and 1960s? This article broaches the question by analyzing his now-canonical 1960 broadcast on Hessischen Rundfunk titled “Was bedeutet: Aufarbeitung der Vergangenheit?” (“What does Coming-to-Terms-with-the-Past Mean?”). Arguing for the centrality of affect for Adorno's postwar work, I demonstrate how he stages a pedagogy emphasizing the necessary relationship between reason and affect (Kant avec Freud) in achieving self-reflective thought and political autonomy. Finally, Adorno's earlier attack on music educational shows as “pseudo-democratic” (1938-1941 in Paul Lazarsfeld's Princeton Radio Research Project), complicates any straightforward elaboration of a postwar public pedagogy.
Locating queer culture in the Big Ten
Authors: Somerville Siobhan B.
Published: March 2014

This article offers a first-person account of the author's experience teaching an undergraduate course on local queer culture, using her own campus as the site for primary research. The course asks how students might understand the role of Midwestern public universities in the production of queer culture. And how might such knowledge revise understandings of queer culture and its locations, both in the past and in the present? The author describes the course design, the goals of introducing undergraduate students to two scholarly methods (archival research and ethnography) and a number of original research projects undertaken by students.
Flow Re-direction Endoluminal Device in treatment of cerebral aneurysms: initial experience with short-term follow-up results
Authors: Kocer Naci , Islak Civan , Kizilkilic Osman , Kocak Burak , Saglam Muzaffer , Tureci Ercan
Published: March 2014

Object

Flow diverter (FD) stents are relatively new and important devices in the treatment of cerebral aneurysms. The Flow Re-Direction Endoluminal Device has been recently released for clinical use. The authors' aim in this paper is to report their initial single-center FRED experience with short-term results.

Methods

Between February 2012 and May 2013, 33 patients with 37 aneurysms (35 unruptured and 2 previously ruptured aneurysms) were treated with the FRED. Clinical and radiological data of the patients were retrospectively reviewed.

Results

In all patients only 1 device was used without any additional device or material, such as a stent or coil. All procedures were successfully performed. The procedural complication rate was 3% (1 of 33). Thirty patients underwent clinical and radiological follow-up. During the follow-up period, changes in stent morphology, such as “fish mouth” and “foreshortening” phenomena, occurred in 5 patients. The mortality and permanent morbidity rates were 0%. The complete occlusion rates were 32% (6 of 19) at 0–1 month, 67% (8 of 12) at 2–3 months, 80% (4 of 5) at 4–6 months, and 100% (8 of 8) at 7–12 months. The rates for some aneurysms were assessed at more than one time point.

Conclusions

The FRED has an ability to serve neurointerventionalists in the treatment of cerebral aneurysms with its different technical advantages. The occlusion rates with FRED are similar to those with other FD devices. However, these short-term results need to be confirmed with mid- and long-term follow-up results of multicenter large series.
Comparison of CT and clinical findings of Terson's syndrome in 121 patients: a 1-year prospective study
Authors: Koskela Elina , Pekkola Johanna , Kivisaari Riku , Kivelä Tero , Hernesniemi Juha , Setälä Kirsi , Laakso Aki
Published: March 2014

Object

Terson's syndrome (TS) is a vitreous hemorrhage in association with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Its diagnosis is often delayed, which may result in vision loss secondary to treatable conditions. Methods to hasten early diagnosis and consequent ophthalmic referral are desirable. The aims of this study were 1) to assess the specificity and sensitivity of conventional head CT for diagnosing TS in patients with aneurysmal SAH (aSAH); and 2) to determine the incidence of TS and its association with age, sex, aSAH severity, and overall mortality.

Methods

Patients admitted to Helsinki University Central Hospital who underwent surgery or endovascular treatment for a ruptured intracranial aneurysm during 2011 were participants in this prospective study. They underwent serial dilated fundoscopic examinations during a 6-month period. Two radiologists independently reviewed ocular findings suggestive of TS on conventional CT head scans obtained in all patients as a routine diagnostic procedure. Associations between TS and relevant clinical, radiological, and demographic data were analyzed with uni- and multivariate logistic regression.

Results

Of 121 participants, 13 (11%) presented with TS, and another 22 (18%) with intraretinal hemorrhages. For reviewing CT head scans, the overall observed agreement between the 2 raters was 96% (116 of 121 cases), with a substantial κ of 0.69 (95% CI 0.56–0.82). The sensitivity of the CT findings for TS was 42%, and the specificity was 97%. Associations of the World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies (WFNS) and Hunt and Hess grades on admission, the presence of intracerebral hemorrhage, female sex, and aneurysm length with TS were all statistically significant. Logistic regression demonstrated that sex and WFNS grade were independently associated with TS and provided the best fit to the data.

Conclusions

Routinely looking for TS findings in CT head scans may prove valuable in clinical practice. Terson's syndrome is associated with female sex and poor clinical condition on admission.
Traumatic rupture of the neurocentral synchondrosis of the axis in a child
Authors: Wong Sui-To , Zovickian John , Hou Yongjin , Sonne Chris , Pang Dachling
Published: March 2014

The authors report the first case of unilateral traumatic rupture of the C-2 neurocentral synchondrosis. A 26-month-old child was in a vehicular collision that caused his head to be rotated sharply to the left with the neck flexed. He had severe neck pain but was neurologically normal. Computerized tomography scanning showed rupture of the left C-2 neurocentral synchondrosis, a right C-2 pars interarticularis fracture, and anterior angulation of C-2 on C-3. The neck injury was unrecognized until postinjury Day 9 when an MRI study showed a tear of the posterior longitudinal ligament at C2–3 and separation of the C-2 body from the inferior anular epiphysis. A second CT showed widening of the synchondrosis fracture, increased angulation of C-2 on C-3, and distraction of the right C-2 pars fracture. The mechanism of the neurocentral synchondrosis fracture is thought to be hyperflexion-axial loading combined with leftward rotation, which provided the lateral force that overcame the cartilaginous synchondrosis and extruded the lateral mass. The patient underwent open reduction and posterior fusion of C1–3, and was maintained in a halo jacket for 4 months, when CT scans demonstrated solid C1–C3 fusion and ossification of the injured synchondrosis. Unilateral traumatic rupture of the C-2 neurocentral synchondrosis is one component of several injuries involving C-2 sustained before synchondrosis closure. The resulting C2–3 relationship is highly unstable. Reduction and C1–C3 fusion are necessary in patients with significant displacement of the adjacent bony units.
Linear Scaling Solution of the Time-Dependent Self-Consistent-Field Equations
Authors: Challacombe Matt
Published: March 2014

A new approach to solving the Time-Dependent Self-Consistent-Field equations is developed based on the double quotient formulation of Tsiper 2001 (J. Phys. B). Dual channel, quasi-independent non-linear optimization of these quotients is found to yield convergence rates approaching those of the best case (single channel) Tamm-Dancoff approximation. This formulation is variational with respect to matrix truncation, admitting linear scaling solution of the matrix-eigenvalue problem, which is demonstrated for bulk excitons in the polyphenylene vinylene oligomer and the (4,3) carbon nanotube segment.
Development of Future Land Cover Change Scenarios in the Metropolitan Fringe, Oregon, U.S., with Stakeholder Involvement
Authors: Hoyer Robert , Chang Heejun
Published: March 2014

We describe a future land cover scenario construction process developed under consultation with a group of stakeholders from our study area. We developed a simple geographic information system (GIS) method to modify a land cover dataset and then used qualitative data extracted from the stakeholder storyline to modify it. These identified variables related to our study area’s land use regulation system as the major driver in the placement of new urban growth on the landscape; and the accommodation of new population as the determinant of its growth rate. The outcome was a series of three scenario maps depicting a gradient of increased urbanization. The effort attempted to create a simple and transparent modeling framework that is easy to communicate. The incorporation of the regulatory context and rules and place-specific modeling for denser urban and sparse rural areas provide new insights of future land conversions. This relatively rapid mapping process provides useful information for spatial planning and projects for where and how much urban land will be present by the year 2050.
Effect of the Novel Polysaccharide PolyGlycopleX® on Short-Chain Fatty Acid Production in a Computer-Controlled in Vitro Model of the Human Large Intestine
Authors: Reimer Raylene , Maathuis Annet , Venema Koen , Lyon Michael , Gahler Roland , Wood Simon
Published: March 2014

Many of the health benefits associated with dietary fiber are attributed to their fermentation by microbiota and production of short chain fatty acids (SCFA). The aim of this study was to investigate the fermentability of the functional fiber PolyGlyopleX® (PGX®) in vitro. A validated dynamic, computer-controlled in vitro system simulating the conditions in the proximal large intestine (TIM-2) was used. Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) consumption in the system was used as an indicator of fermentability and SCFA and branched chain fatty acids (BCFA) production was determined. NaOH consumption was significantly higher for Fructooligosaccharide (FOS) than PGX, which was higher than cellulose (p = 0.002). At 32, 48 and 72 h, acetate and butyrate production were higher for FOS and PGX versus cellulose. Propionate production was higher for PGX than cellulose at 32, 48, 56 and 72 h and higher than FOS at 72 h (p = 0.014). Total BCFA production was lower for FOS compared to cellulose, whereas production with PGX was lower than for cellulose at 72 h. In conclusion, PGX is fermented by the colonic microbiota which appeared to adapt to the substrate over time. The greater propionate production for PGX may explain part of the cholesterol-lowering properties of PGX seen in rodents and humans.