bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Very Particular Set of Skills: Former Legislator Traits and Revolving Door Lobbying in Congress
Authors: Makse Todd
Published: November 2016

In recent decades, observers of Congress have devoted increasing attention to the phenomenon of the revolving door, whereby members of Congress and staffers go on to careers in lobbying. This practice raises a number of normative concerns that are perhaps most heightened when it comes to the lobbying activities of members of Congress themselves. In this article, I examine the factors determining which former members go through the revolving door, and find that members with central network positions and highly effective legislators are more likely to become lobbyists. I then examine the extent to which members-turned-lobbyists have an impact on bills in Congress. I find evidence that lobbying by former members increases a bill’s probability of progressing and some evidence that highly effective legislators also go on to become more effective lobbyists. Taken together, these findings support conventional wisdom that former members become some of the most influential lobbyists.
Coenzyme Q0 Enhances Ultraviolet B–Induced Apoptosis in Human Estrogen Receptor–Positive Breast (MCF-7) Cancer Cells
Authors: Wang Hui-Min , Yang Hsin-Ling , Thiyagarajan Varadharajan , Huang Tzu-Hsiang , Huang Pei-Jane , Chen Ssu-Ching , Liu Jer-Yuh , Hsu Li-Sung , Chang Hsueh-Wei , Hseu You-Cheng
Published: November 2016

Coenzyme Q0 (CoQ0; 2,3-dimethoxy-5-methyl-1,4-benzoquinone), a major active constituent of Antrodia camphorata, has been shown to inhibit human triple-negative breast cancer (MDA-MB-231) cells through induction of apoptosis and cell-cycle arrest. Ecological studies have suggested a possible association between ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation and reduction in the risk of breast cancer. However, the underlying mechanism of the combination of CoQ0 and UVB in human estrogen receptor–positive breast cancer (MCF-7) remains unclear. In this study, the possible effect of CoQ0 on inducing apoptosis in MCF-7 cells under exposure to low-dose UVB (0.05 J/cm2) has been investigated. CoQ0 treatment (0-35 µM, for 24-72 hours) inhibits moderately the growth of breast cancer MCF-7 cells, and the cell viability was significantly decreased when the cells were pretreated with UVB irradiation. It was noted that there was a remarkable accumulation of subploid cells, the so-called sub-G1 peak, in CoQ0-treated cells by using flow cytometric analysis, which suggests that the viability reduction observed after treatment may result from apoptosis induction in MCF-7 cells. CoQ0 caused an elevation of reactive oxygen species, as indicated by dichlorofluorescein fluorescence, and UVB pretreatment significantly increased CoQ0-induced reactive oxygen species generation in MCF-7 cells. In addition, cells were exposed to CoQ0, and the induction of DNA damage was evaluated by single-cell gel electrophoresis (comet assay). CoQ0-induced DNA damage was remarkably enhanced by UVB pretreatment. Furthermore, CoQ0 induced apoptosis in MCF-7 cells, which was associated with PARP degradation, Bcl-2/Bax dysregulation, and p53 expression as shown by western blot. Collectively, these findings suggest that CoQ0 might be an important supplemental agent for treating patients with breast cancer.
Friendly casualty outcomes: choice of counter Improvised Explosive Device tactics matters on the asymmetric battlefield
Authors: Baca Larry D , Proctor Michael D
Published: November 2016

Despite billions of dollars spent on technological devices to counter the Improvised Explosive Device (IED) threat, IEDs are still responsible for roughly 50% of the casualties on today’s asymmetric battlefield. Counter IED (CIED) investments in technology and improvements to military operations are hoped to reduce these casualties. This research focuses on CIED military operations and uses computer modeling and simulation to explore two alternative patrol tactics to defeat or otherwise reduce the impact of IED strikes, damage, and casualties on friendly forces operating in contemporary and future battlefields, such as rural Afghanistan. Among other findings and inferences, research analysis indicates the “Stop and Search” tactic results in statistically significantly fewer strikes and casualties than the “Drive Through” tactic.
Serial EEG Monitoring in a Patient With Anti-NMDA Receptor Encephalitis
Authors: Shi Yanfang
Published: November 2016

Electroencephalogram (EEG) abnormalities are very common in anti- N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (anti-NMDAR) encephalitis. Extreme delta brush (EDB) is a distinctive EEG pattern that is can be suggestive of the diagnosis; however, the etiology of the EDB remains unclear. Furthermore, there is question with regard to its ictal or interictal nature. We report a 20-year-old woman with anti-NMDAR encephalitis whose serial video-EEG monitoring was obtained at 2, 2.5, 4, and 6 months after admission. There was a long-standing EDB lasting up to several hours, with no evolution in frequency, amplitude, or morphology, and without clear association her frequent orofacial dyskinesia. Intravenous benzodiazepine administrations did not change the EDB pattern. As her clinical symptoms improved, the EDB gradually became less prominent and less frequent, with complete resolution at 6 months after admission. These findings suggest that EDB is more likely a marker of the severity of the disease in contrast to an epileptic seizure and is useful for diagnosis and monitoring of treatment response in conjunction with clinical improvement.
Minority Stress and Intimate Partner Violence Among Gay and Bisexual Men in Atlanta
Authors: Stephenson Rob , Finneran Catherine
Published: November 2016

Intimate partner violence (IPV) rates are disproportionately high among sexual minority populations. Few studies have examined the plausible relationship between minority stress and IPV among men who have sex with men. This study examines the associations between IPV and three indicators of minority stress: internalized homophobia, sexuality-based discrimination, and racism, in a large venue-based sample of gay and bisexual men from Atlanta, USA. Each of the minority stress measures was found to be significantly associated with increased odds of self-reporting any form of receipt of IPV. Significant associations were also identified between perpetration of IPV and minority stressors, with most types of IPV perpetration linked to internalized homophobia. This study confirms findings in a growing body of research supporting the relationship between minority stress and increased prevalence of IPV among men who have sex with men, and points to the need to address structural factors in IPV prevention programs for male–male couples.
Interobserver Agreement in Diagnosing Early-Stage Kienböck Disease on Radiographs and Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: van Leeuwen Wouter F. , Janssen Stein J. , Guitton Thierry G. , Chen Neal , Ring David
Published: November 2016

Background: The appearance of early Kienböck disease on radiographs and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may be difficult to distinguish from other conditions that affect the lunate. We aimed to assess the interobserver agreement in the diagnosis of early Kienböck disease when evaluated on different imaging modalities. Methods: Forty-three hand surgeon members of the Science of Variation Group were randomized to evaluate radiographs and 35 hand surgeons to evaluate radiographs and MRI scans of 26 patients for the presence of Kienböck disease, the lunate type, and the ulnar variance. We used Fleiss’ kappa analysis to assess the interobserver agreement for categorical variables and compared the κ values between the 2 groups. Results: We found that agreement on the diagnosis of early Kienböck disease was fair (κ, 0.36) among observers who evaluated radiographs alone and moderate (κ, 0.58) among observers who evaluated MRI scans in addition to radiographs, and that the difference in κ values was not statistically significant ( P = .057). Agreement did not differ between observers based on imaging modality with regard to the assessment of the lunate type ( P = .75) and ulnar variance ( P = .15). Conclusions: We found, with the numbers evaluated, a notable but nonsignificant difference in agreement in favor of observers who evaluated MRI scans in addition to radiographs compared with radiographs alone. Surgeons should be aware that the diagnosis of Kienböck disease in the precollapse stages is not well defined, as evidenced by the substantial interobserver variability.
Destroying the Linear No-threshold Basis for Radiation Regulation
Authors: Marcus Carol S.
Published: November 2016

This article suggests five classes of effort that scientists can undertake to destroy the linear no-threshold hypothesis as the basis of radiation regulation in the United States. These are (1) pressure on regulators such as the Nuclear Regulatory Commission, (2) presidential messages, (3) Congressional pressure, (4) educate physicians about low-dose radiation, and (5) work with journalists and media people.
Low-Dose-Rate Irradiation for 1 Hour Induces Protection Against Lethal Radiation Doses but Does Not Affect Life Span of DBA/2 Mice
Authors: Edin Nina Frederike Jeppesen , Altaner Čestmír , Altanerova Veronika , Ebbesen Peter , Pettersen Erik O.
Published: November 2016

Prior findings showed that serum from DBA/2 mice that had been given whole-body irradiation for 1 hour at a low dose rate (LDR) of 30 cGy/h induced protection against radiation in reporter cells by a mechanism depending on transforming growth factor β3 and inducible nitric oxide synthase activity. In the present study, the effect of the 1 hour of LDR irradiation on the response of the preirradiated mice to a subsequent lethal dose and on the life span is examined. These DBA/2 mice were prime irradiated for 1 hour at 30 cGy/h. Two experiments with 9 and 9.5 Gy challenge doses given 6 weeks after priming showed increased survival in primed mice compared to unprimed mice followed up to 225 and 81 days after challenge irradiation, respectively. There was no overall significant difference in life span between primed and unprimed mice when no challenge irradiation was given. The males seemed to have a slight increase in lifespan after priming while the opposite was seen for the females.
Successful conservative treatment outcomes and clinical characteristics of congenital hypoplasia of the extensor tendon central slip
Authors: Hidaka N. , Uemura T. , Nakamura H.
Published: November 2016

Congenital hypoplasia of the extensor tendon central slip is a rare entity. This article describes the clinical characteristics in a series of 22 fingers in 16 patients (mean age: 10 months), and the outcomes of conservative treatment. Nine of 22 fingers were classified as slender or hypoplastic. Treatment with bracing was successful in 21 digits, resulting in full active extension of the proximal interphalangeal joint at a mean of 8.5 months after treatment. Bracing was unsuccessful in one digit, in which operative treatment resulted in a successful outcome. Some residual deformity was observed in ten fingers after a mean follow-up period of 2 years and 1 month. Congenital hypoplasia of the central slip can be treated successfully by the conservative hand bracing when worn with full compliance. Treatment time is extended by the infrequent application of the hand brace or in the case of hypoplastic slender fingers.

Level of evidence: IV
Zinc supplementation leads to immune modulation and improved survival in a juvenile model of murine sepsis
Authors: Ganatra Hammad A , Varisco Brian M , Harmon Kelli , Lahni Patrick , Opoka Amy , Wong Hector R
Published: November 2016

Children with severe sepsis are known to have altered zinc homeostasis and decreased circulating zinc levels, suggesting a role for zinc supplementation to improve outcomes. We tested the hypothesis that zinc supplementation would improve survival in a juvenile model of polymicrobial sepsis. Juvenile (13–14-d-old) C57BL/6 mice were treated with 10 mg/kg of zinc via i.p. injections (or vehicle) for 3 d prior to induction of polymicrobial sepsis via i.p. cecal slurry injections. Survival after sepsis was followed for 3 d, and bacterial clearance, ex vivo phagocytosis, systemic inflammatory markers and neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation were quantified. We found a significant survival benefit and decreased bacterial burden among zinc supplemented mice when compared with the control group. Zinc supplementation also resulted in enhanced phagocytic activity, greater neutrophil recruitment in the peritoneal cavity and NET formation, suggesting a possible mechanism for improved bacterial clearance and survival. We also noted decreased serum cytokine levels and decreased myeloperoxidase activity in lung tissue following zinc supplementation, suggesting attenuation of the systemic inflammatory response. In conclusion, zinc supplementation improves bacterial clearance, and hence survival, in juvenile mice with polymicrobial sepsis.
Prospective study of factors important to achieve observation of the entire colon on colon capsule endoscopy
Authors: Sato Junichi , Nakamura Masanao , Watanabe Osamu , Yamamura Takeshi , Funasaka Kohei , Ohno Eizaburo , Miyahara Ryoji , Kawashima Hiroki , Goto Hidemi , Hirooka Yoshiki
Published: November 2016

Background:

Colon capsule endoscopy (CCE) is a procedure in which capsule swallowing facilitates observation of the lumen of the entire digestive tract. It does not require an air supply, and is a noninvasive procedure with a markedly low risk of adverse events in comparison with conventional colonoscopy (CS). It reduces patient stress, and may be acceptable to patients. A limitation of this procedure is that the entire colon observation rate (CCE excretion rate, completed CCE rate) is not 100%. In this study, we prospectively investigated clinical factors important to achieve observation of the entire colon on CCE.

Methods:

The participants were 70 patients for whom CCE was scheduled, and from whom written informed consent regarding participation in this study was obtained. We selected patient background/examination factors, and analyzed all factors involved in observation of the entire colon and factors for completion of the CCE within 4 h after the start of examination using multivariate analysis.

Results:

Of the 70 enrolled patients, 64 were analyzed, excluding 6. On multiple logistic analysis, only a water intake of ⩾12.0 ml/min during examination [ p = 0.025, odds ratio (OR): 46.753, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.630–1341.248] was identified as an independent predictive factor involved in observation of the entire colon. With respect to factors involved in the completion of CCE within 4 h, multiple logistic analysis showed that a body mass index (BMI) of ⩾25 ( p = 0.039, OR: 13.723, 95% CI: 1.135–165.913), the absence of constipation ( p = 0.030, OR: 13.988, 95% CI: 1.287–152.047), and a water intake of ⩾12.0 ml/min during examination ( p = 0.004, OR: 12.028, 95% CI: 2.225–65.029) were independent predictive factors.

Conclusions:

Completion of a CCE was most closely related to water intake per hour. In addition to water intake, CCE-promoting factors included a high BMI and the absence of constipation.
Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation using an LTP-like repetitive stimulation protocol for patients with upper limb complex regional pain syndrome: A feasibility study
Authors: Ryan CG , King R , Robinson V , Punt TD , Dinse HR , Grunenberg C , Johnson MI , Martin DJ
Published: November 2016

Introduction

This feasibility study aimed to (i) develop a clinical protocol using a long-term potentiation-like repetitive stimulation protocol for transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation in patients with upper limb complex regional pain syndrome and (ii) develop a research protocol for a single-blind randomised controlled trial investigating the efficacy of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation for complex regional pain syndrome.

Methods

This small-scale single-blind feasibility randomised-controlled trial planned to randomise 30 patients with upper limb complex regional pain syndrome to either a variant of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation or placebo transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation for three weeks. Stimulation comprised 20 pulses over 1 s with a non-stimulation interval of 5 s, a so-called repetitive electrical stimulation protocol following the timing of long-term potentiation. Pain, function and body image were measured at baseline, post-treatment and at three months follow-up. At three months, participants were invited to one-to-one interviews, which were analysed thematically.

Results

A transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation protocol with electrodes applied proximal to the area of allodynia in the region of the upper arm was developed. Participant concordance with the protocol was high. Recruitment was below target (transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (n = 6), placebo (n = 2)). Mean (SD) pain intensity for the transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation group on a 0 to 10 scale was 7.2 (2.4), 6.6 (2.8) and 7.8 (1.9), at baseline, post-treatment and at three-month follow-up, respectively. Qualitative data suggested that some patients found transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation beneficial, easy to use and were still using it at three months.

Conclusion

Patients tolerated transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation well, and important methodological information to facilitate the design of a large-scale trial was obtained (ISRCTN48768534).
First-Year College Students’ Time Use
Authors: Thibodeaux Jordan , Deutsch Aaron , Kitsantas Anastasia , Winsler Adam
Published: November 2016

How students manage their time is critical for academic performance and is an important component of self-regulated learning. The purpose of the present study was to examine relationships among first-year college students’ ( N = 589) time use, academic self-regulation, and target and actual grade point average (GPA) at three time points. Findings showed that students planned and spent less time on academics than socializing and work obligations in their first semester. Students generally planned to spend more time on academics in the second semester. Academic time use (planned and actual academic hours) related to higher self-regulated learning and target GPA in the first and second semester. Students who were farther away from their first-semester target lowered their second-semester target GPA instead of planning more time in academics. Students exceeding their target first-semester GPA planned to socialize more in the second semester. Orientation and transition programs that assist students may need to revisit time management and planning midway through the year to address potentially inadequate self-regulated learning in the first year of college.
Children’s access to beneficial information in Arab states: Implementation of Article 17 of the Convention on the Rights of the Child in Egypt, Morocco and the United Arab Emirates
Authors: Sakr Naomi
Published: November 2016

In theory, the multiple platforms and transnational nature of digital media, along with a related proliferation of diverse forms of content, make it easier for children’s right to access socially and culturally beneficial information and material to be realised, as required by Article 17 of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child. Drawing on data collected during research on children’s screen content in the Arab world, combined with scrutiny of documents collated by the Committee on the Rights of the Child, which monitors compliance with the Convention on the Rights of the Child, this article explores how three Arab countries, Egypt, Morocco and the United Arab Emirates, presented their efforts to implement Article 17 as part of their periodic reporting on their overall performance in putting the Convention on the Rights of the Child into effect. It uncovers tensions over the relationship between provision, participation and protection in relation to media, reveals that Article 17 is liable to get less attention than it deserves in contexts where governments keep a tight grip on media and that, by appearing to give it a lower priority, all parties neglect the interdependence of human rights in relation to media and children.
Force-plate analyses of balance following a balance exercise program during acute post-operative phase in individuals with total hip and knee arthroplasty: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Jogi Pankaj , Zecevic Aleksandra , Overend Tom J , Spaulding Sandi J , Kramer John F
Published: November 2016

Objectives:

Typical rehabilitation programs following total hip arthroplasty and total knee arthroplasty include joint range of motion and muscle-strengthening exercises. Balance and balance exercises following total hip arthroplasty and total knee arthroplasty have not received much attention. The purpose of this study was to determine whether an intervention of balance exercises added to a typical rehabilitation program positively affects patients’ balance.

Methods:

A total of 63 patients were provided with outpatient physical therapy at their home. Patients were randomly assigned to either typical (n = 33) or balance (n = 30) exercise group. The typical group completed seven typical surgery-specific joint range of motion and muscle-strengthening exercises, while the balance group completed the typical exercises plus three balance exercises. After 5 weeks of administering the rehabilitation program, patients’ balance was assessed on a force plate using 95% ellipse area of the center of pressure amplitude.

Results:

Patients in the balance group demonstrated significant reduction in the 95% ellipse area for the anterior and posterior lean standing conditions (p < 0.01).

Conclusion:

Balance exercises added to the typical outpatient physical therapy program resulted in significantly greater improvements in balance for participants with total hip arthroplasty or total knee arthroplasty, compared to the typical exercise program alone. Physical therapists might consider the use of balance exercises to improve balance in individuals in the acute post-operative phase following total hip arthroplasty or total knee arthroplasty.
Impact of laryngopharyngeal reflux on subjective and objective voice assessments: A prospective study
Authors: Lechien Jérôme R. , Huet Kathy , Khalife Mohamad , Fourneau Anne-Françoise , Delvaux Véronique , Piccaluga Myriam , Harmegnies Bernard , Saussez Sven
Published: November 2016

Background

Laryngopharyngeal reflux is a prevalent, not well-understood disease affecting a high proportion of patients who seek laryngology consultation. The objective of this prospective case series is to explore the subjective and objective voice modifications in Laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR), especially the usefulness of acoustic parameters as treatment outcomes, and to better understand the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the development of voice disorder.

Methods

Forty-one patients with a reflux finding score (RFS) > 7 and a reflux symptom index (RSI) > 13 were enrolled and treated with pantoprazole 20 mg twice daily for three months. RSI, RFS, Voice Handicap Index (VHI), and Grade, Roughness, Breathiness, Asthenia, Strain and Instability (GRBASI) were assessed at baseline and after three months post-therapy. Acoustic parameters were measured by selecting the most stable interval of the vowel /a/. A study of correlations between acoustic measurements and laryngoscopic signs was conducted in patients with roughness. Statistical analysis was performed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS).

Results

Significant improvement in RSI, RFS, VHI, jitter, percent jitter, relative average perturbation (RAP), shimmer, percent shimmer, and amplitude perturbation quotient (APQ) was found at 3 months of treatment ( p < .05). A correlation analysis revealed significant correlations between the grade of dysphonia, breathiness, asthenia, instability and jitter, percent jitter, RAP, shimmer, percent shimmer and APQ. In dividing our cohort into two groups of patients according to the presence of roughness, shimmer, percent shimmer and APQ significantly improved in patients with roughness, but no positive correlation was found between acoustic parameters and laryngoscopic signs.

Conclusion

Acoustic parameters can help to better understand voice disorders in LPR and can be used as treatment outcomes in patients with roughness.
Inversion of ultrasonic data for transversely isotropic media
Authors: Kovalyshen Yevhen , Sarout Joel , Dautriat Jeremie
Published: November 2016

We have developed a new numerical algorithm for inversion of ultrasonic data in transversely isotropic media. This algorithm is able to determine from the measured P-wave velocities the orientation of the symmetry axis of a rock sample and the Thomsen’s parameters, only assuming transverse isotropy. The inversion of ultrasonic data acquired on natural and potentially heterogeneous shale samples produced reasonable results. In addition, the algorithm was successfully tested on ultrasonic data acquired on synthetic samples with predefined orientations of the symmetry axis. An additional outcome of the algorithm is a simple approximation of Thomsen’s formulation, which can be effectively used for interpretation of seismic data in transversely isotropic media.
China University of Petroleum successfully concludes 4th NEGCCS finals
Authors: Liu Yang , Ma Amelie
Published: November 2016

From 23–28 August 2016, Chinua University of Petroleum-Beijing (CUPB) hosted the finals for the 4th National Exploration Geophysics Competition for College Students (NEGCCS). After a heated preliminary contest, which lasted eight months, 30 teams from 17 organizations reached the finals. The teams were from Peking University, University of Science and Technology of China, Jilin University, Tongji University, CUPB, China University of Petroleum (East China), China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Chang'an University, China University of Mining and Technology, Ocean University of China, Yangtze University, Geology and Geophysics Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Northeast Petroleum University, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu University of Technology, Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development of CNPC, and National Central University (Taiwan).
Novel Epigenetic Biomarkers Mediating Bisphenol A Exposure and Metabolic Phenotypes in Female Mice
Authors: Anderson Olivia S. , Kim Jung H. , Peterson Karen E. , Sanchez Brisa N. , Sant Karilyn E. , Sartor Maureen A. , Weinhouse Caren , Dolinoy Dana C.
Published: November 2016

There is compelling evidence that epigenetic modifications link developmental environmental insults to adult disease susceptibility. Animal studies have associated perinatal bisphenol A (BPA) exposure to altered DNA methylation, but these studies are often limited to candidate gene and global non–loci-specific approaches. By using an epigenome-wide discovery platform, we elucidated epigenetic alterations in liver tissue from adult mice offspring (10 months) following perinatal BPA exposure at human physiologically relevant doses (50-ng, 50-μg, and 50-mg BPA/kg diet). Biological pathway analysis identified an enrichment of significant differentially methylated regions in metabolic pathways among females. Furthermore, through the use of top enriched biological pathways, 4 candidate genes were chosen to assess DNA methylation as a mediating factor linking the association of perinatal BPA exposure to metabolic phenotypes previously observed in female offspring. DNA methylation status at Janus kinase-2 (Jak-2), retinoid X receptor (Rxr), regulatory factor x-associated protein (Rfxap), and transmembrane protein 238 (Tmem238) was used within a mediational regression analysis. DNA methylation in all four of the candidate genes was identified as a mediator in the mechanistic pathway of developmental BPA exposure and female-specific energy expenditure, body weight, and body fat phenotypes. Data generated from this study are crucial for deciphering the mechanistic role of epigenetics in the pathogenesis of chronic disease and the development of epigenetic-based prevention and therapeutic strategies for complex human disease.
A LDB de 1961: apontamentos para uma história política da educação
Authors: Montalvão Sérgio
Published: November 2016

O artigo apresenta um capítulo decisivo na história política da educação brasileira do século vinte: a tramitação da primeira Lei de Diretrizes e Bases (LDB) no Congresso Nacional. Contemplando dez anos de debates parlamentares, localizados entre a apresentação do Anteprojeto da Comissão Mariani (1948) e o primeiro substitutivo do deputado Carlos Lacerda (1958), o texto discute as mudanças no jogo político que levaram a legislação citada a passar da completa paralisia institucional à situação de maior vivacidade, na legislatura de 1959 a 1963, quando foi finalmente aprovada.
The Strategic Role of Exchange Promotions
Authors: Desai Preyas S. , Purohit Devavrat , Zhou Bo
Published: November 2016

An exchange promotion allows consumers to turn in an old good and receive a discount toward the purchase of a new product. The old good that is turned in can either be within the same category as the new good or it may be in a different category. For example, one can turn in an old CD player to count toward a new CD player (a within-category exchange or traditional trade-in) or toward a new television (a cross-category exchange). This paper studies both within-category and multicategory exchange promotions and analyzes their similarities and differences. In a competitive setting with two firms, we model exchange promotions and establish the equilibrium outcomes. We find that categories in which consumers have a high level of waste aversion are more likely to have multicategory exchange promotions rather than within-category or no promotions. Multicategory exchange promotions can increase both consumers’ replacement purchases and their new purchases. Interestingly, we also find that strategic considerations can lead to a prisoner’s dilemma outcome in which neither firm offers any kind of exchange promotion. However, waste aversion and multicategory exchange promotions can give firms stronger incentives to get out of the prisoner’s dilemma outcome.
An Analysis and Visualization Methodology for Identifying and Testing Market Structure
Authors: France Stephen L. , Ghose Sanjoy
Published: November 2016

We introduce a method for identifying, analyzing, and visualizing submarkets in product categories. We give an overview of the market structure and competitive submarket literature and then describe a classic model for testing competitive submarkets along with associated extensions. In the era of big data and with the increasing availability of large-scale consumer purchase data, there is a need for techniques that can interpret these data and use them to help make managerial decisions. We introduce a statistical likelihood based technique for both identifying and testing market structure. We run a series of experiments on generated data and show that our method is better at identifying market structure from brand substitution data than a range of methods described in the marketing literature. We introduce tools for holdout validation, complexity control, and testing managerial hypotheses. We describe a method for visualization of submarket solutions, and we give several traditional consumer product examples and in addition give an example to show how market structure can be analyzed from online review data.

Data, as supplemental material, are available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mksc.2015.0958 .
Editorial—The Exploration-Exploitation Tradeoff and Efficiency in Knowledge Production
Authors: Sudhir K.
Published: November 2016

Marketing Science is in a very healthy state as the premier journal for quantitative research in marketing. Since its inception, it has led the way in bringing novel and innovative methodologies and expanding into new substantive areas of inquiry. The journal is now at the cusp of its next stage of creativity and innovation. I outline new research possibilities due to big data, behavioral field studies, and managerial interest in substantive areas such as health, sustainability, emerging markets, innovation, and entrepreneurship. As quantitative marketing’s leading journal, Marketing Science should aid the field in the efficient production of in-depth, valid, current, and relevant knowledge across the breadth of the discipline. To this end, I will actively manage incentives for exploitation and deepening of existing competencies in established areas while supporting exploration and broadening into newer, riskier topics at Marketing Science. To increase the field’s overall efficiency of knowledge production, I suggest a lexicographic approach to reviewing where the incremental contribution threshold is primary and demands on quality of execution be driven by what is needed for proving the validity of the incremental contribution claims.
Inventory Service Target in Quick Response Fashion Retail Supply Chains
Authors: Choi Tsan-Ming
Published: November 2016

Different fashion brands have different inventory service targets. To achieve the desirable inventory service level without the need of holding a lot of inventory, fashion companies commonly adopt the quick response practice. In this paper, we conduct an analytical study on the influence played by the inventory service target on quick response fashion retail supply chains. To be specific, we consider the case when the fashion retailer, who is the channel leader, aims to achieve an inventory service target in its inventory planning. We explore impacts of the inventory service-targeted quick response program, in terms of expected profit, and profit risk on the fashion retailer, the fashion manufacturer, and the fashion supply chain system. We also examine the quick response’s impact on social welfare. We show how three practical contracts, namely, the fixed-fee contract, the wholesale pricing contract, and the product variety contract, can be employed to achieve a win–win situation in the fashion retail supply chain system with the adoption of the inventory service-targeted quick response program. Closed-form managerial insights on how the inventory service target affects the expected benefit of quick response, the reduction of profit risk under quick response, the expected gain of social welfare, the achievability of the win–win situation, and the setting of contractual parameters, are derived.
AGRICULTURE AND ITS PLACE IN ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF UZBEKISTAN
Authors: Tadjibaeva Dilorom
Published: November 2016

Based on the share of agriculture in GDP in Uzbekistan, the country can be allocated to a group of countries with a transitional type of economy that proceeds from agriculture to urbanization. At the same time specific local features exist. In Uzbekistan, about 65% of the population live in rural areas and currently about 3 million people are employed in agriculture. Although the trend shows a decline in the share of agriculture in gross domestic product, the number of people employed in agriculture has comparably slowly reduced. Agriculture's share of investment is only about 3-4% of the total amount of a fixed capital.
ETHICS IN CLINICAL RESEARCH: IS ETHICS INVOLVED INTO THE PHARMACY STUDIES IN EUROPE?
Authors: Žufková Viera , Klimas Ján , Kyselovič Ján , Vivoda Michal , Šuráb Marián
Published: November 2016

One of the key questions in medicine nowadays is the ethics and its maximum involvement into medical profession. The absence of ethics is very notable in public and professional relations. In spite of the fact that the pharmacy profession was separated from the medical profession in the 13th century by the emperor Frederic II, the ethics is involved into pharmacy study in minimum amount.  In the article there is presented the ethics inclusion into pharmacy study in 31 Universities of the European Union (EU). The method of our research was the analysis of 31 WebPages of Faculties of Pharmacy in the EU. The ethics is taught in the 45% study programmes. It is mostly a part of syllabus of master programme (Czech Republic, Estonia and Portugal) or bachelor programme (Slovakia). We have not managed to find a full study plan in 13% of study plans. As the ethics remains the crucial part of the pharmacy profession, there is a great importance of its involvement into the pharmacy study. The Code of Conduct for Pharmacy students with its seven principles shall be a part of ethical preparation of future pharmacists in Europe.
FAT SOLUBLE VITAMINS AND FATTY ACIDS COMPOSITION OF BLACK SEA CYSTOSEIRA BARBATA
Authors: Panayotova Veselina , Stancheva Mona
Published: November 2016

Brown alga Cystoseira barbata is the most widely distributed seaweed in the Black Sea. There is limited information about fat soluble vitamins content and fatty acids composition of this specie from Bulgarian Black Sea coast. The aim of this study was to determine fat soluble vitamins, pigments, total lipid and fatty acid composition of Cystoseira barbata. Fat soluble vitamins (vitamin E and D), pigments (β-carotene and astaxanthin) and total cholesterol were analyzed simultaneously using HPLC/UV/FL system equipped with RP analytical column. Sample preparation procedure includes alkaline saponification, followed by liquid-liquid extraction. Brown seaweed Cystoseira barbata contained high amounts of α-tocopherol and β-carotene. Lipids were extracted by following the method of Bligh and Dyer. The residual lipid fraction was methylated using base-catalyzed transmethylation with methanolic potassium hydroxide. Fatty acid composition was analyzed by GC/MS. Cystoseira barbata was rich in linoleic (C18:2n6) and eicosopentaenoic acid (C20:5n3) although total lipid content was generally low. High levels of α-tocopherol correlate with high levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids. As an antioxidant α-tocopherol preserves tissue PUFA from oxidation.
INTENSITY OF SOIL CONTAMINATION IN INDUSTRIAL CENTERS OF KAZAKHSTAN
Authors: Iztileu Amanzhol , Grebeneva Olga , Otarbayeva Maral , Zhanbasinova Nina , Ivashina Ekaterina , Duisenbekov Bekbol
Published: November 2016

For Kazakhstan, with its vast territory, the problem of disposal of solid waste from metallurgical, energy and petrochemical industries is becoming more acute. Failure to comply with hygiene requirements for the placement and operation of landfills increases the area of contaminated land and could become a threat to the public of environmental safety of industrial centers. The aim of the study was to evaluate the soil contamination in the towns and cities of Kazakhstan and the allocation of areas of risk to public health. The content of heavy metals in the soil (manganese, zinc, copper, cobalt, nickel, lead, cadmium, mercury, selenium, tin, arsenic, vanadium) were determined by atomic absorption spectrometer MGA-915M. Evaluation of the results was performed with respect to the MPC substances in the soil, the toxicity of the components. Summarized metal soil pollution index (IZ) was obtained by the sum of the rate of excess metal concentration above the level of its world-Clark. To assess the different risk residence zones scale with 5 levels of purity up to 2 - very clean, 2.8 net, 8-16 acceptable, 16-32 moderately dangerous, dangerous 32-128 was chosen. We developed the original software product using GIS technology to provide environmental information on an electronic map of the city in the form of color patches (polygons), matching levels summarized indicator of soil contamination. Found that the most contaminated soil were village Glubokoe where pollution reached dangerous or extremely dangerous levels, Aktau and Zhanaozen in which moderately hazardous contamination was detected throughout; Ust-Kamenogorsk and village Sholakkorgan where moderately hazardous contamination was noted in the fourth part of the urban area. The most common heavy metal toxicity 1-2 class that exceeded MCL in soils, were lead, copper and zinc, and in village Glubokoe - chromium and arsenic, in Aktau - cadmium. Visualization of environmental pollution in some urban areas puts into the hands of environmentalists a new tool in the analysis of environmental health issues to reduce the carcinogenic and mutagenic effects of soil contamination with heavy metals. The mapping results of soil contamination will contribute earmarking local authorities to carry out administrative measures to optimize the environment in the industrial centers.
Effective management of tapeworm burdens in horses
Authors: Austin Corrine
Published: November 2016

Dr Corrine Austin, director and scientist at Austin Davis Biologics Ltd, examines the facts
Group inverse extensions of certain $M$-matrix properties
Authors: K. Appi Reddy , T. Kurmayya , Sivakumar K.
Published: November 2016

In this article, generalizations of certain $M$-matrix properties are proved for the group generalized inverse. The proofs use the notion of proper splittings of one type or the other. In deriving certain results, we make use of a recently introduced notion of a $B_{\#}$-splitting. Applications in obtaining comparison results for the spectral radii of matrices are presented.
Alter in Verantwortung?
Authors: Schwabe Sven
Published: November 2016

In Zeiten von demografischem Wandel und sozialstaatlichem Umbau sind auch die Senior_innen aufgefordert, mehr gesellschaftliche Verantwortung zu übernehmen. Politik und Wissenschaft interessieren sich zunehmend für die produktiven Potentiale des Alters, die in Form von bürgerschaftlichem Engagement nutzbar gemacht werden sollen. Aus dem Blick geraten dabei allerdings häufig politische und gestaltungsorientierte Tätigkeiten, die eine besondere Form der gesellschaftlichen Verantwortungsübernahme darstellen. Sven Schwabe zeigt: Gerade angesichts des Renteneintritts der 68er-Generation stellt sich die Frage nach Formen des politischen Engagements im Ruhestand neu.
A numerical study on slip flow in packed hyper-porous media inside micro-channels using differential transformation method
Authors: Saffari Puyan , Fatahian Esmaeel , Saffari Peyman , Fatahian Hossein
Published: November 2016

Velocity slip boundary condition in parallel-plate micro-channels filled with hyper-porous media is studied using differential transformation method (DTM) in order to find an analytical approximate solution. The results focus on slip flow regime (i.e., for Knudsen numbers in the range 10−3 < Kn < 10−1). The Darcy-Brinkman-Forchheimer model is applied to study the effect of nonlinear drag term further boundary-friction effects on hydrodynamic of gas flow in micro-channels. The results show that DTM results are in good agreement with numerical ones. Also, it is observed that decreasing the value of Darcy number flattens the velocity profile while this trend is opposite for decreasing the Forchheimer number. Also, increasing the value of  causes to increase the velocity slip at the wall.
Attack Graph Generation and Analysis Techniques
Authors: Barik Mridul Sankar , Sengupta Anirban , Mazumdar Chandan
Published: November 2016

As computer networks are emerging in everyday life, network security has become an important issue. Simultaneously, attacks are becoming more sophisticated, making the defense of computer networks increasingly difficult. Attack graph is a modeling tool used in the assessment of security of enterprise networks. Since its introduction a considerable amount of research effort has been spent in the development of theory and practices around the idea of attack graph. This paper presents a consolidated view of major attack graph generation and analysis techniques.
Biometrics in Cyber Security
Authors: Kour Jaspreet , Hanmandlu M. , Ansari A.Q.
Published: November 2016

Computers play an important role in our daily lives and its usage has grown manifolds today. With ever increasing demand of security regulations all over the world and large number of services provided using the internet in day to day life, the assurance of security associated with such services has become a crucial issue. Biometrics is a key to the future of data/cyber security. This paper presents a biometric recognition system which can be embedded in any system involving access control, e-commerce, online banking, computer login etc. to enhance the security. Fingerprint is an old and mature technology which has been used in this work as biometric trait. In this paper a fingerprint recognition system based on no minutiae features: Fuzzy features and Invariant moment features has been developed. Fingerprint images from FVC2002 are used for experimentation. The images are enhanced for improving the quality and a region of interest (ROI) is cropped around the core point. Two sets of features are extracted from ROI and support vector machine (SVM) is used for verification. An accuracy of 95 per cent is achieved with the invariant moment features using RBF kernel in SVM.
An Android Malware Detection Framework-based on Permissions and Intents
Authors: Verma Sushma , Muttoo S.K.
Published: November 2016

With an exponential growth in smartphone applications targeting useful services such as banks, healthcare, m-commerce, security has become a primary concern. The applications downloaded from unofficial sources pose a security threat as they lack mechanisms for validation of the applications. The malware infected applications may lead to several threats such as leaking user’s private information, enforcing malicious deductions for sending premium SMS, getting root privilege of the android system and so on. Existing anti-viruses depend on signature databases that need to be updated from time to time and are unable to detect zero-day malware. The Android Operating system allows inter-application communication through the use of component reuse by using intents. Unfortunately, message passing is also an application attack surface. A hybrid method for android malware detection by analysing the permissions and intent-filters of the manifest files of the applications is presented. A malware detection framework is developed based on machine learning algorithms and on the basis of the decision tree obtained from ID3 and J48 classifiers available in WEKA. Both algorithms gave same results with an error percentage of 6 per cent. The system improves detection of zero day malware.
The Humoral Immune Response to Various Domains of Protective Antigen of Bacillus anthracis in Cutaneous Anthrax Cases in India
Authors: Varshney Anshul , Puranik Nidhi , Kumar M. , Goel A.K.
Published: November 2016

Anthrax, caused by Bacillus anthracis is known to occur globally since antiquity. Besides being an important biothreat agent, it is an important public health importance pathogen also in countries like India. B. anthracis secretes three distinct toxins, namely protective antigen (PA), lethal factor (LF) and edema factor (EF). PA is the central moiety of the anthrax toxin complex and therefore has been a molecule of choice for vaccine development. PA has four different domains with different functions. In this study, the major domains of PA were cloned and expressed in bacterial system. The purified recombinant proteins were used to determine the humoral immune response by ELISA using 43 human cutaneous anthrax serum samples. The maximum immunoreactivity was observed with the whole PA protein followed by domain 2, 4 and 1. The study corroborated that in addition to full PA, individual domain 2 and 4 can also be good target for vaccine development as well as for serodiagnostic assays for cutaneous anthrax