bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Markov reliability model of a wing farm
Authors: Itkin V. Yu.
Published: August 2023

A Markov model of wind farm reliability based on the example of the station on the island of Anholt, Denmark, is constructed. Reliability indexes of equipment of one turbine as a function of wind velocity are calculated. Based on hourly measurements of wind speed and electricity consumption, the durations of periods of satisfied and unsatisfied demand are estimated. It is found that the distributions of these periods can be approximated by a mixture of exponential distributions. The plant operation process is approximated by a Markov process with 5 states and continuous time. As a result, estimates of non-stationary and stationary probabilities of electricity demand being met by wind power are obtained.
Birnbaum joint importance measures for three components of a repairable multistate systems
Authors: Chacko V. M. , Franson A. S. , Amrutha M.
Published: August 2023

In this paper new measures of joint importance of two and three components for repairable multistate systems based on the classical Birnbaum measure, are proposed. By considering repairable system, first joint relevancy conditions of two and three components are given. Then probabilities of each of the relevancy are measured. The proposed method is applied on a data set. An illustrative example is given. As in the Birnbaum measure, the proposed measures are generic since they depend on the probabilistic properties of the components and the system structure. These measures are useful when consider repairable system.
General provisions of the substantiation of functional safety of intelligent systems in railway transportation
Authors: Shubinsky I. B. , Rozenberg E. N.
Published: August 2023

Aim. The paper aims to solve the problem of objective and confident functional safety (FS) evaluation of intelligent control systems (ICS). As regards ICS, the conventional methods, due to their particular features, do not allow for a sufficiently confident estimation of the actual state of FS. The above features include primarily the nondistinct architecture of ICS and the changing connections between the system elements.

Methods. Substantiating ICS FS requires using the complete arsenal of known methods and means recommended in GOST 33432-2015 [1], including managerial measures defined by the requirements for the safety policy, program and case. The authors have analysed the capability to prove ICS FS using experimental, expert, analytical, technological, and simulation-based methods. The limitations of some methods as regards ICS FS substantiation have been established.

Results. The authors suggest a heuristic graph-based semi-Markov (Markov) method of proving system FS. For the purpose of substantiating ICS FS, it is recommended using the heuristic graph-based method combined with the technological method defined in GOST R IEC 61508 [2–4]. They don’t only allow confidently evaluating the FS of intelligent systems, but developing recommendations for achieving acceptable safety levels of such systems.
The Emerging Role of Heat Shock Proteins in Nasopharyngeal
Carcinoma: A Review
Authors: Ghavidel Farideh , Shahri Razieh Moalef , Javid Hossein , Rezagholinejad Nastaran , Hashemy Seyed Isaac
Published: August 2023

Several investigations have revealed that nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC),
earlier known as lymphoepithelioma, originates from the nasopharynx epithelium (NPE).
The global NPC incidence and mortality distribution reports have reported very high
rates (more than 20-30 men per 100,000 men and 10 women per 100,000). Genetic background susceptibilities, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), and their complex interaction are expressed as the pathophysiology. Also, radiotherapy of locoregional lesions is the main
treatment for NPC because of the extremely radiosensitive feature of the non-keratinizing variety. On the other hand, surgical intervention might be used for recurrent situations, while simultaneous radiation and chemotherapy for advanced stages are preferable.
Since specific disease symptoms do not appear early, biomarkers should be identified to
facilitate diagnosis. As overexpression of heat shock proteins (HSPs) has been observed
in various cancers, they can be a promising candidate biomarker for many malignancies.
The purpose of this study was to peruse different pathogenic roles of a panel of HSPs, including their diagnostic, preventive, and remedial role in NPC, which may provide the basis for future discoveries of novel HSP-based biomarkers of NPC.
Garlic against Heart-related Ailments: Chemistry, Pharmacology, and Future
Perspective
Authors: Chaurasia Pankaj Kumar , Bharati Shashi Lata , Singh Sunita
Published: August 2023

Background:

Allium sativum L. (Garlic) is a well-recognized plant of great nutraceutical
value with pharmacological evidences. It is full of dietary as well as pharmaceutical properties and
has been used in traditional medications for a long time. It is known for good antioxidant, antifungal,
antibacterial, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and antiviral effects, along with other
therapeutic roles in cardiovascular diseases, anti-atherosclerotic, antihypertensive, anti-thrombotic,
blood pressure, bone and skin related problems etc.

Objective:

Considering the potential of garlic in the treatment of cardiovascular/heart-related diseases,
the main objective of this study was to prepare a subject-centric mini-review focusing on its
chemistry and pharmacology in heart-related issues.

Methods:

In order to prepare this mini-review article, an extensive online literature search was performed
to find out the most recent studies related to this topic. These studies were briefly reviewed,
assessed, and discussed to explore the possible capability of garlic for the cure of cardiovascular
problems.

Result:

Several experiments on mice models, rat models as well as on humans show the effective
role of various forms of garlic in cardiovascular or heart-related ailments. After reviewing the available
publications on garlic in heart-related issues, authors found that garlic and its sulfur (S)-based
organic constituents may have advantageous applications in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
Palladium-catalyzed Cross-coupling of 2-Benzo[b]thiophene or 2-
Benzo[b]furan Aluminum with Heteroaryl or Alkynyl Bromides for the
Synthesis of 2-Hetroaryl or Alkynyl Benzo[b]thiophene or Benzo[b]furan
Derivatives
Authors: Liang Meng , Pu Jiaxia , Jia Xiaoying , Han Lirong , Li Qinghan
Published: August 2023

An alternative method for the synthesis of 2-heteroaryl or alkynyl benzo[b]thiophene or furan
derivatives via direct palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling of 2-benzo[b]thiophene or furan aluminum
with heteroaryl or alkynyl bromides, respectively, has been successfully developed. This case is
remarkable as the same catalytic system could simultaneously produce either 2-substituted benzo[
b]thiophene or furan derivatives.
Herbal Technological Prospects of Morus nigra L.: A Systematic
Patent Analysis Review
Authors: Alves Larissa Pereira , dos Santos Widson Michael , de Souza Myla Lôbo , Rolim Larissa Araújo , Rolim-Neto Pedro José
Published: August 2023

Background:

Morus nigra L. is a plant with significant potential for drug development due to the presence of numerous bioactive compounds in its various parts.

Objectives:

This article aims to compile the technological perspectives of Morus nigra L. towards drug development and therapeutic indications based on registered patents in databases.

Methods:

The study analyzed patents published within the last five years, focusing on products derived from different parts of the Morus nigra L. plant. Patent databases such as the European Patent Office (EPO), the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO), the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), and the National Institute of Industrial Property Databases (INPI) were examined.

Results:

A total of 45 patents were categorized by country of origin, type of applicant, extraction method, and therapeutic indications. China had the highest number of patent filings (43.48%), and private companies were the primary technology patent holders (38.64%). Noteworthy extraction methods included ultrasound-assisted extraction, decoction, infusion, and maceration. The most utilized plant parts were leaves (44.44%), followed by fruits (35.56%), root bark (15.56%), and stems (4.44%). The main therapeutic indications identified were the treatment of hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia (43.33%), along with digestive problems, cosmetics, nutrition, and cleaning applications.

Conclusion:

The study of patents covers discoveries and advancements often absent in scientific articles, making a review focused on this advanced information crucial for expanding existing scientific knowledge. Even if some therapies have been explored previously, patents can reveal innovative approaches and fresh perspectives that contribute to sustained scientific progress.
An Oxidative Stress Study on Curcumin and NanoCurcumin against
Aluminum Phosphide-induced Kidney Injury in Rats: The Role of
SIRT1/FOXO3 Signaling Pathway in Nephrotoxicity
Authors: Ghasemi Hassan , Manesh Seyde Farnaz Motevali , Kheiripour Nejat , Asl Sara Soleimani , Jouzdani Ali Fathi , Ranjbar Akram , Abdolvahab Mohadeseh Haji
Published: August 2023

Introduction:

In this study, we have investigated the aluminium phosphide (ALP) toxicity on
Renal Function and oxidative stress in kidney tissue of male rats and the possible protective role of Curcumin
and nanoCurcumin against ALP-induced nephrotoxicity.

Methods:

Thirty-six adult male rats were divided into 6 groups (n=6). ALP (2 mg/kg oral administration)
and control groups received Curcumin and nanoCurcumin (oral administration 100 mg/kg) or
without it. After seven days of treatment, kidney parameters, oxidative stress biomarkers, and expression
level of sirtuins1 (SIRT1)/Forkhead box protein O1 (FoxO1) pathway genes were evaluated in kidney
tissue. In addition, histopathological changes in the kidney tissues were assayed.

Results:

In the ALP group, compared to the control group, lipid peroxidation levels, urea, and creatinine
were increased, and total antioxidant capacity and thiol groups decreased significantly p < 0.05. In Curcumin
and nanoCurcumin groups compared to the ALP group, lipid peroxidation and creatinine decreased
significantly p < 0.05. Also, Curcumin and nanoCurcumin improved the tissue damage caused
by ALP. NanoCurcumin modulated the effect of ALP on the gene expression levels in SIRT1/FoxO1.

Conclusion:

The present study showed that ALP intoxication in kidney tissue can induce oxidative
damage. Moreover, Curcumin and nanocurcumin, as potential antioxidants, can be effective therapeutics
in ALP-induced nephrotoxicity.
Thermal Characteristics of Oil Film in Critical Lubrication State of Heavy
Hydrostatic Bearing
Authors: Yanqin Zhang , Ye Wu , Jiabao Li , Mulan Wang , Zhen Quan
Published: August 2023

Background:

Lubrication failure has always been a concern in the research of heavy hydrostatic
bearings. A preliminary study found that under a certain working condition, the heavy hydrostatic
bearing will appear in the condition of zero local flow of oil film, which is called a critical lubrication
state. It produces a significant thermal accumulation effect and affects the lubrication performance of
the bearing.

Objective:

This paper takes Q1-205 double rectangular cavity hydrostatic thrust bearing as the research
object and adopts the research method combining theoretical analysis, simulation, and experimental test
to analyze the temperature rise and characteristics of the bearing when it is in critical lubrication state
under different working conditions.

Methods:

The finite volume method is used to simulate the critical lubrication state under the condition
of common load and rotating speed, and the corresponding operating parameters of the critical lubrication
of heavy static support are obtained.

Results:

It is found that when the oil film is in the critical lubrication state, the low temperature zone is
concentrated at the bearing position of the oil film, while the high temperature zone is concentrated at
the counter-current side sealing edge

Conclusion:

The oil film's local temperature rise is intensified, and the heat accumulation phenomenon
is serious because the heat cannot be taken away in time.
Therapeutic Effect of Chitosan-Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles on Acute Kidney Injury Induced by Gentamicin in Wistar Rats
Authors: Saad Dalia Yousry , Khalil Hadeer Adel , Farouk Asmaa E. , Soliman Amel M. , Mohamed Ayman Saber
Published: August 2023

Background:

Gentamicin (GM) is an antibiotic frequently used to treat severe gram-negative infections. However, due to nephrotoxicity, its clinical application is restricted. Several lines of evidence indicate that free radicals are important mediators of gentamicin nephrotoxicity. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to examine the potential antioxidant therapeutic value of ZnO-chitosan nanoparticles on gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity.

Methods:

Twenty-four rats were divided into four groups (6 rats/group). All groups except group 1 were injected with gentamicin (100 mg/kg body weight i.p.) for eight days. On day 9, rats of groups 1 and 2 were administrated distilled water, and those of groups 3 and 4 were administrated 1/10 and 1/20 LD50 of ZnO-CS-NPs continuously for 30 days.

Results:

Treatment with ZnO-CS NPs caused a significant decrease in urea, creatinine, uric acid, sodium, potassium, chloride, microalbumin, and malondialdehyde levels; this was accompanied by a significant increase in kidney glutathione reduced, nitric oxide, superoxide dismutase, glutathione S-transferase, and catalase.

Conclusion:

The findings of the current study revealed that ZnO-CS NP ameliorated kidney injury against gentamicin induced-acute kidney injury in rats by its antioxidant properties.
Application of Artificial Intelligence in Medical Imaging
Authors: Panda Sampurna , Kumar Dhaka Rakesh , Panda Babita
Published: August 2023

The emergence of the Internet of Things (IoT) and Artificial Intelligence
(AI) applications in many industries is due to recent developments in technology and
connectivity. This paper outlines various industry initiatives in healthcare that utilize
machine learning techniques. To meet this rising demand, considerable investment is
required to develop new medical imaging algorithms, such as those that can be used to
diagnose disease diagnostic systems errors, which can yield ambiguous medical
treatments. Early disease in imaging is usually predicted by machine learning and deep
learning algorithms. Imaging tools use machine learning and deep learning techniques
to analyze early disease. Medical imaging is on the cutting edge of deep learning
techniques, specifically the application of convolution neural networks. The supervised
or unsupervised algorithms are applied to a dataset containing specific instances, and
then the predictions are displayed. Machines and deep learning approaches are
excellent for data classification and automated decision-making.
Classification Tool to Predict the Presence of Colon Cancer Using Histopathology Images
Authors: Thorayanpilackal Sulaiman Saleena , Ilyas Poovankavil Muhamed , Perumbalath Abdul Jabbar
Published: August 2023

The proposed model compares the efficiency of CNN and ResNet50 in the
field of digital pathology images. Deep learning methods are widely used in all fields
of disease detection, diagnosis, segmentation, and classification. CNN is the widely
used image classification algorithm. But it may show less accuracy in case of complex
structures like pathology images. Residual Networks are a good choice for pathology
image classification because the morphology of digital pathology images is very
difficult to distinguish. Colon cancer is one of the common cancers, and it is one of the
fatal diseases. If early-stage detection has been done using biopsy results, it will
decrease the mortality rate. ResNet50 is selected among the variants as its
computational complexity is moderate and provides high accuracy in classification as
compared to others. The accuracy metric used here is the training and validation
accuracy and loss. The training and validation accuracy of ResNet50 is 89.1% and
90.62%, respectively, whereas the training loss and validation loss are 26.7% and
24.33%, respectively. At the same time, for CNN, the accuracy is 84.82% and 78.12%
and the loss is 36.51% and 47.33% .
Deep Learning For Lung Cancer Detection
Authors: Ratre Sushila , Seetharaman Nehha , Ali Sayed Aqib
Published: August 2023

By detecting lung cancer in advance, doctors can make the right decision to
treat patients to ensure that they live long and healthy lives. This research aims to build
a CNN model using a pre-trained model and functional API that would classify if a
person had lung cancer or not based on a CT scan. This research uses CT scan images
as input for the prediction model from the LUNA16 [Luna Nodule Analysis 2016]
dataset for experimenting by using ResNet 50 and VGG 16. ResNet50 showed slightly
high accuracy on test data compared to VGG16, which is 98%.
Exploration of Medical Image Super-Resolution in terms of Features and Adaptive Optimization
Authors: Ramachandran Nair Jayalakshmi , Pichai Pillai Sumathy , Narayanan Rajkumar
Published: August 2023

Medical image processing takes many steps to capture, process, and convert
the images for further analysis. The images are susceptible to distortions due to various
factors related to the analysis tools, environment, system-generated faults, and so on.
Image enhancement deals with enhancing the quality and resolution of images for
accurately analyzing the original information from the images. The primary motivating
aspect of research and reconstruction of such high-quality images and their challenges
is image super-resolution for image upgrading. This chapter focuses on various image-enhancing strategies in implementing the super-resolution process. In this work, the
methodologies of various image-enhancing strategies are explained clearly to provide
the parameter selection points, feature comparisons, and performance evaluations that
apply to high-resolution image processing. The drawbacks and challenges of each
strategy are discussed to investigate the effectiveness of the methodologies. Further
research is explored to find hybrid methods on various deep learning architectures to
achieve higher accuracy in the field of medical image super-resolution.
The Value Alignment Problem: Building Ethically Aligned Machines
Authors: Chaturvedi Sukrati , Vasantha Lakshmi Chellapilla , Chellapilla Patvardhan
Published: August 2023

Autonomous systems are increasingly being employed in almost every
possible field. Their level of autonomy in decision-making is also increasing along with
their complexity leading to systems that will soon be making decisions of utmost
importance without any human intervention at all or with the least human involvement.
It is imperative, therefore, that these machines be designed to be ethically aligned with
human values to ensure that they do not inadvertently cause any harm. In this work, an
attempt is made to discuss the salient approaches and issues, and challenges in building
ethically aligned machines. An approach inspired by traditional Eastern thought and
wisdom is also presented.
Risk-Based Approach for Contaminated Soil Management
Authors: Streche C. , Lopez-Escalante M.C. , Martin Jimenez F.P. , Cocarta Diana Mariana
Published: August 2023

The current chapter illustrates aspects of sustainable soil management, the
basic concepts for site investigation based on the calculation of the risk associated with
the various chemicals that affect the structure, quality, and functions of the soil, as well
as the highlighting of the most important remedial strategies used to reduce pollution.
As a result, the soil can be used for a variety of industrial and civil purposes.
Sustainable soil management is a concept based on technical-scientific and economic
knowledge. Simultaneously, policy actions are taken to maintain and increase soil
productivity, protect biodiversity, reduce risk, and protect natural resource potential by
preventing soil quality degradation and supporting ecosystem services. In the decision.making process for Assessing
Human Health Risk for contaminated sites, the
development of the site's conceptual model is recommended for a better understanding
of the evolution of the respective site's situation. The development of a Conceptual Site
Model (CSM) is useful for assessing the contamination risks of any site because it
identifies the sources of hazards, potential receptors (people, ecology, and
infrastructure), and exposure pathways.
Literature Review: Pengaruh Bayam Hijau (Amaranthus hybridus L.) terhadap Panjang Badan, Rasio Kepala dan Panjang Badan, Aktivitas Embrio, dan Motilitas pada Zebrafish Stunting
Authors:   Brawijaya University, Wahyu Israyani Kartika , Khotimah Husnul ,   Departemen Farmakologi, Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Brawijaya, Jannah Miftahul ,   Program Studi S1 Kebidanan FKUB
Published: August 2023

Stunting is a failure to achieve physical development based on height for age (Z-score <-2 SD). Environmental factors such as exposure to pesticides can affect growth and development. One type of pesticide that is toxic to embryos is rotenone because its exposure can increase the production of ROS. The antioxidant content in green spinach (Amaranthus hybridus L.) can reduce ROS production. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of green spinach extract on body length, head ratio and body length, embryo activity, and motility in the stunting model of zebrafish larvae exposed to rotenone. This study uses a literature review method by reviewing a number of literatures that match the inclusion criteria. Based on the 11 journals that were examined, 4 journal stated that rotenone can cause oxidative stress in zebrafish that can cause stunting. 3 journals state that green spinach contains good antioxidants and anti-inflammatory. From 11 journals, 6 journals discuss the body length in zebrafish stated that the use of antioxidants can increase body length rotenone-induced zebrafish. In 3 journals discussing the motility of zebrafish, it was stated that giving antioxidants was able to increase the motility of zebrafish induced by rotenone. In one journal that discussed the activity of zebrafish embryos, it was stated that giving antioxidants could normalize embryo activity which can be seen through embryonic tail flick activity. In conclusion, the administration of antioxidants caused an increase in body length, motility and normalization embryonic activity in rotenone-induced zebrafish. Keywords: Green spinach (Amaranthus hybridus L.), head ratio, body length, embryo activity, zebrafish, stunting, rotenone.
Pengaruh Pemberian Sari Ketela Ungu (Ipomea Batatas L.) Terhadap Kadar Insulin Tikus Wistar Bunting Model DMG
Authors:   Midwifery Program Faculty of Medicine Brawijaya University, Ilmya Nugraha Ningrum Irfandi Putri Nur , Mayangsari Elly ,   Departemen Farmakologi, Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Brawijaya, Dewi Mustika ,   Program Studi Pendidikan Profesi Bidan, Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Brawijaya
Published: August 2023

Background : Gestational Diabetes Mellitus is a complication of pregnancy in mothers without a previous diagnosis of diabetes, then chronic hyperglycemia is detected during pregnancy. Generally, this hyperglycemia is caused by impaired glucose tolerance due to pancreatic cell dysfunction, which begins with chronic insulin resistance conditions. The prevalence of GDM in Southeast Asia is 10%, while the overall diagnosis of diabetes in women in Indonesia is 1.8%. Nowadays, antioxidant therapy is being developed to treat DMG, one of which is the use of purple cassava plants.Objective : to determine the effect of purple cassava juice (Ipomea Batatas L.) on increasing insulin levels of wistar rats model of gestational diabetes mellitus. Methode : This study used an experimental method which was designed with the Post Test Only Group Design method. The total number of samples used in this study was 30 rats which were divided into 5 groups. Furthermore, the treatment group was given STZ injection of 45 mg/KgBB and then given purple cassava juice therapy for 14 days. Next, blood samples were tested for insulin levels using the ELISA Rat Kit. Result : There are no differences of insulin level between the treatment group and the control group because they had constant result. Conclusion : In this study, it was not found that there was an increase in insulin levels after treatment of purple yam juice for 14 days. So the research hypothesis was rejected. Keyword : Diabetes Mellitus Gestasional, Insulin Levels, Wistar Rats, Purple Yam Juice.
Pengaruh Pemberian Tele-Edukasi Berbasis Video Terhadap Kepatuhan Konsumsi Tablet Besi pada Ibu Hamil di Puskesmas Rawa Buntu
Authors:   Program Studi Sarjana Kebidanan, Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Brawijaya, Putri Salsabilla Gojali Gusti , Putri Rismaina ,   Program Studi Sarjana Kebidanan, Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Brawijaya, Anggarina Gumanti Kentri ,   Program Studi Sarjana Kebidanan, Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Brawijaya
Published: August 2023

Anemia zat besi yang terjadi pada ibu hamiI dapat berdampak pada perkembangan janin selama kehamilan dan beberapa waktu setelahnya. Pemberian tabIet besi merupakan salah satu upaya daIam mencegah dan mengatasi anemia, khususnya anemia defisiensi besi. Salah satu cara agar kepatuhan konsumsi tabIet besi tetap terjaga adalah dengan memberikan tele-edukasi berbasis video. Tujuan peneIitian ini adaIah untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian tele-edukasi berbasis video terhadap kepatuhan konsumsi tabIet besi pada ibu hamiI. PeneIitian ini adaIah peneIitian kuantitatif dengan rancangan Pre-Eksperiment dengan One Group Pre-Test and Post-Test Design. Data pada penelitian ini dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan kuesioner MMAS-8 modifikasi. Sampel penelitian yang digunakan adalah ibu hamil di Puskesmas Rawa Buntu yang memenuhi kriteria inkIusi dan ekskIusi sebanyak 66 responden. AnaIisis data yang digunakan daIam peneIitian ini adalah uji WiIcoxon Signed Ranks Test. Hasil penelitian didapatkan niIai significancy O,OOO (p<O,O5), sehingga dapat disimpuIkan bahwa ada pengaruh tele-edukasi berbasis video terhadap kepatuhan konsumsi tabIet besi pada ibu hamiI di Puskesmas Rawa Buntu.
Perubahan Tutupan Lahan dan Stok Karbon Permukaan di Daerah Aliran Sungai (DAS) Blega
Authors:   Universitas Trunojoyo Madura, Rahman Fahmi Arief , Mubarokah Nurlaila ,   Universitas Hamzanwadi, Yuhardi Erick ,   Universitas Trunojoyo Madura, Adiputra Agung ,   UHAMKA, Supriyadi Slamet ,   Universitas Trunojoyo Madura, Suryawati Sinar ,   Universitas Trunojoyo Madura
Published: August 2023

Emisi karbon merupakan isu yang sangat berdampak pada pemanasan global, peningkatan bencana hidrometeorologi dan penurunan sumberdaya alam. Salah satu cara mengurangi emisi karbon adalah mencegah perubahan tutupan lahan terutama hutan pada daerah tropis seperti Kawasan DAS Blega. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat perubahan tutupan lahan dan dan pengaruhnya terhadap stok karbon permukaandi DAS Blega tahun 1990-2020. Penelitian dilakukan di area DAS Blega melalui 6 tahapan, yaitu koreksi geometric, komposit band, training sample pada Area of Interest (AoI), uji Training sample, klasifikasi tutupan lahan dan menghitung stok karbon. Hasil analisis menunjukkan rata - rata tutupan lahan pada tahun 1990, 2000, 2010 dan 2020 terluas berturut-turut adalah pertanian lahan kering (69%), hutan tanaman (11.2%), sawah (8.77%), hutan tanaman (4.59%), tambak (2.65%), pertanian lahan kering campur (1.56%), hutan mangrove sekunder (0.87%), pemukiman (0.70%), belukar (0.63%) dan sisanya tanah terbuka. Perubahan tutupan lahan 1990-2000 dari belukar rawa menjadi pertanian lahan kering (8,819.81 ha), sawah (2,629.13 ha) dan pemukiman (152.57 ha). Periode 2000-2010 terjadi perubahan tutupan lahan pada pertanian Lahan Kering Campur-Pemukiman sebesar 654.14 ha. Periode 2010-2020 terjadi konversi lahan tertinggi pada sawah - tambak dengan luas 4,571.08, belukar - sawah, dan hutan mangrove sekunder - tambak masing - masing luas 343.12 dan 316.13 ha serta sebagian kecil penutup lahan lainnya. Selanjutnya, periode 2010-2020 tutupan lahan sawah mengalami penurunan sebesar 4,302.7 ha. Perubahan tutupan lahan tersebut berpengaruh pada perubahan stok karbon di DAS Blega, yakni selama periode tahun 1990-2020 mengalami penurunan sebesar 25.98%. Tahun 1990-2000 mengalami penurunan 19.41%, tahun 2000-2010 dan 2010-2020 mengalami penurunan masing-masing sebesar 1.55% dan 5.02%.
Pengaruh Pupuk Hayati VP3 Dengan Persentase Limbah Cangkang Telur Berbeda Terhadap Pertumbuhan Bibit Tanaman Terong (Solanum melongena L.) (Hasil Optimalisasi Suhu Pembuatan Pelet Pupuk Hayati VP3 Berbahan Dasar Limbah Cangkang Telur)
Authors:   Universitas Islam Malang, Rofi'ah Vivin Hafidatur , Djuhari Djuhari ,   Universitas Islam Malang, Arfarita Novi ,   Universitas Islam Malang
Published: August 2023

Pupuk hayati merupakan formulasi yang mengandung mirkroorganisme aktif atau laten biasanya berbentuk cair ataupun padat, mampu meningkatkan produktivitas lahan secara berkelanjutan dengan membantu ketersediaan unsur hara tanah. Cangkang telur merupakan salah satu limbah potensial dijadikan sebagai bahan pembawa mikroba pupuk hayati. Penelitian dilakukan untuk mengetahui suhu pengeringan yang sesuai pada pelet dengan komposisi penambahan cangkang telur yang sesuai terhadap viabilitas bakteri pupuk hayati VP3, dan pengaruh pada pertumbuhan bibit tanaman terong. Penelitian dilaksanakan selama 4 bulan pada Laboratorium Mikrobiologi, Laboratorium Pusat dan Halal Center Universitas Islam Malang menggunakan metode Rancangan Acak Lengkap pada uji viabilitas bakteri dan Rancangan Acak Kelompok pada uji bibit tanaman terong. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa suhu pengeringan 40℃ lebih mampu mempertahankan viabilitas bakteri daripada suhu 43℃ dan 46℃ dengan perlakuan V3 (cangkang telur 15%) memiliki rata-rata tertinggi 86.7 × 109 CFU/g tetapi tidak berbeda nyata dengan perlakuan V2 (cangkang telur 10%), hal ini menunjukkan bahwa pupuk hayati ditambahkan cangkang telur mampu bertahan setelah pengeringan oven suhu 40℃. Pada uji bibit tanaman terong dihasilkan pengaruh nyata pada parameter tinggi bibit perlakuan V3 memiliki rata-rata tertinggi 5.340 cm, bobot segar perlakuan V3 memiliki rata-rata tertinggi 0.0477 g, dan total panjang akar bibit perlakuan V2 memiliki rata-rata tertinggi 532.09 mm tetapi tidak berbeda nyata dengan perlakuan V3.
Viscoelastic properties of fresh cement paste: measuring procedures and influencing parameters
Authors: Yahia Ammar , Perrot Arnaud , Feys Dimitri , Khayat Kamal H. , Sonebi Mohammed , Kawashima Shiho , Schimdt Wolfram
Published: August 2023

Fresh cement pastes behave as viscoelastic materials below the flow onset. The measurements of viscoelastic properties of fresh cement paste provide valuable insight into the dispersion of solid particles as well as the hydration kinetics at early age and its influence on the structural evolution and solidification behavior at quasi-static conditions. Monitoring the development of viscoelastic properties of fresh cement paste using dynamic oscillatory shear measurements can also elucidate the working mechanisms of chemical admixtures. These properties are efficient indicators to guide mixture proportion design and are necessary to understand the rheology and stability of concrete. In this paper, the most common techniques, including dynamic oscillatory measurements, used to assess the viscoelastic properties of fresh cement paste are presented and discussed. The measurement challenges and their effects on the accuracy of the obtained properties are highlighted. On the other hand, the effects of high-range water-reducer, viscosity-modifying admixture, and supplementary cementitious materials are discussed. Furthermore, the use of viscoelastic measurements to assess yield stress and structural build-up of cement paste is presented.
Pozyskiwanie energii – technologie wodorowe Wodór z biomasy i odpadów
Authors: Siekierski Maciej , Ryś Piotr , Wieczorek Anna
Published: August 2023

Polityka Unii Europejskiej od lat nastawiona jest na promowanie źródeł energii, które nie degradują środowiska. Takim źródłem energii może być wodór. Celem artykułu jest przybliżenie czytelnikom metod pozyskiwania wodoru z biomasy i niektórych odpadów oraz określenie jego koloru. W Unii Europejskiej przypisuje się temu pierwiastkowi różne kolory – zielony, różowy, żółty, niebieski, turkusowy, biały, szary, brązowy i czarny. Kolor zależy od źródła i metody pozyskania. Wodór, jako źródło energii uznawanej za przyjazną środowisku, powinien mieć kolor zielony, różowy lub niebieski. Słowa kluczowe: wodór, biomasa, odpady, odnawialne źródła energii
Impact of Feeding Time and Duration on Body Mass and Composition in Young, Exercising Mice
Authors: Bloomer Richard , van der Merwe Marie , Puppa Melissa J. , Butawan Matthew
Published: August 2023

Time-restricted feeding (TRF) has increased in popularity among various groups, including fitness enthusiasts. The ideal timing of TRF in relation to daily exercise is unknown. Most fitness enthusiasts consume meals immediately or soon after exercise to improve body composition (e.g., lean mass). We compared two different TRF approaches, as well as an ad libitum control diet, with regards to body mass and body composition in C57BL/6 mice. Young, healthy, male mice exercised five days per week and were assigned to consume food ad libitum (control), or to follow a 6-hour TRF that began immediately after exercise (TRF-I) or 5 hours after exercise (TRF-D); n = 12 mice per group. Body mass, lean mass, and fat mass were assessed weekly. Due to animal deaths, only 10 animals were included in the analysis for each TRF group, with 8 animals included for the control group. When computing the 8-week average, body mass varied between groups (p < 0.0001), with the TRF-I (25.4 ± 1.7 g) weighing less than the TRF-D (26.3 ± 2.3 g) and control (26.9 ± 2.3 g). Lean mass also differed (p < 0.0001), with control (22.8 ± 1.9 g) higher than TRF-I (21.4 ± 1.7 g) and TRF-D (21.7 ± 1.8 g). Additionally, fat mass differed between groups (p < 0.0001), with the TRF-D (2.7 ± 0.9 g) higher than the TRF-I (2.2 ± 0.9 g) and control (2.0 ± 1.2 g). Finally, percent body fat differed (p < 0.0001), with TRF-D (10.5 ± 3.3%) higher than TRF-I (8.6 ± 3.7%) and control (7.5 ± 4.3%). At the end of the 8-week intervention, TRF-I was lower in fat mass and percent body fat than TRF-D (p < 0.05), while body mass and lean mass were higher for control as compared to both TRF groups (p < 0.05). These results indicate that when combined with regular exercise, ad libitum feeding may be more beneficial (greater overall and lean mass gain) than TRF, regardless of feeding timing.
The Effect of Social Networks on Active Living in Adolescents: Qualitative Focus Group Study
Authors: Hermsen Sander , Van Abswoude Femke , Steenbergen Bert
Published: August 2023

Background

Participation in organized sports and other forms of active living have important health benefits in adolescence and adulthood. Unfortunately, the transition to secondary school has been shown to be a barrier to participation. Social networks can play important roles in activating adolescents, and information and communication technology (ICT) interventions can augment this role. To date, there are few insights into what adolescents themselves think and feel about barriers to and motivators for active living, the role of their social networks in active living, and the potential of ICT for physical activity (PA).

Objective

This study aimed to gather insights into the perspectives of adolescents aged 12 to 14 years on active living and sports participation, motivators and demotivators for active living, and the potential roles of their social network and of ICT.

Methods

A total of 26 adolescents aged 12 to 14 years from different levels of Dutch secondary schools participated in 1 of 5 semistructured focus group interviews, in which they talked about sports and PA, their social networks, their ICT use, and the role of social networks and ICT in PA. All interviews were transcribed and analyzed using a thematic qualitative approach.

Results

The study showed that all participants were physically active, although the transition to secondary school made this difficult, mostly because of time constraints. Participants saw positive physical and mental health effects as important benefits of active living. They regarded social benefits as strong motivators for active living: being together, making friends, and having fun together. However, the social network could also demotivate through negative peer judgment and negative feedback. Participants were willing to share their own positive experiences and hear about those from close peers and friends but would not share their own (and were not interested in others’) negative experiences or personal information. Participants were mainly interested in descriptive norms set by others and obtained inspiration from others for PA. With respect to using ICT for active living, participants stated a preference for social challenges among friends, personalized feedback, goals, activities, and rewards. Competition was seen as less important or even unattractive. If mentioned, participants felt that this should be with friends, or peers of a similar level, with fun being more important than the competition itself.

Conclusions

This study shows that adolescents feel that their social network is and can be a strong driver of active living. They are willing to use ICT-based solutions that make use of social networks for PA as long as these solutions involve their current (close) network and use an approach based on being together and having fun together.
Women Are Underrepresented Among Authors of Retracted Publications: Retrospective Study of 134 Medical Journals
Authors: Sebo Paul , Schwarz Joëlle , Achtari Margaux , Clair Carole
Published: August 2023

We examined the gender distribution of authors of retracted articles in 134 medical journals across 10 disciplines, compared it with the gender distribution of authors of all published articles, and found that women were underrepresented among authors of retracted articles, and, in particular, of articles retracted for misconduct.
Animated Videos Based on Food Processing for Guidance of Brazilian Adults: Validation Study
Authors: Silva Maria Fernanda Gomes da , Nobre Luciana Neri , Silva Edson da
Published: August 2023

Background

Ultraprocessed foods (UPFs) contribute almost one-fifth of the calories consumed by the Brazilian population. This consumption has been favored by aspects such as the ease of acquisition and low cost of this food group. Initiatives focused on supporting and promoting healthy eating practices have been implemented. Among them, the availability of educational resources is an important strategy to maximize the effectiveness of these actions in the field of food and nutrition education (FNE).

Objective

This study aims to describe the development and validation process of animated videos based on the NOVA food classification for FNE actions aimed at Brazilian adults.

Methods

This methodological study was developed in the following 4 phases: planning, preproduction, production, and postproduction. In the planning phase, a literature review was con-ducted on the topic and to define the content to be covered. The design of the material was based on the cognitive theory of multimedia learning. In the preproduction phase, video scripts were developed and evaluated by 7 content specialists. In the production phase, videos were developed based on the assessed scripts and then assessed by 3 multimedia production specialists. In the postproduction phase, the videos were evaluated by 15 representatives of the target audience. All results obtained in the evaluation phases were analyzed using the content validity index (CVI).

Results

We developed 3 animated videos covering the following themes: food processing levels, food categories according to processing levels, and UPFs and their impact on health. In the evaluation by the content specialists, the scripts of videos 1, 2, and 3 obtained CVIs at the scale level and average method equal to 0.96, 0.98, and 0.98, respectively. When the animated videos were evaluated by multimedia production specialists and representatives of the target audience, these indexes were equal to 1.0. These results attest to the videos’ adequacy and quality in communicating the addressed content.

Conclusions

The animated videos developed and validated in this study proved to be adequate for their purpose. Thus, it is expected that they will be an important instrument for FNE actions aimed at an adult audience and for disseminating the Dietary Guidelines for the Brazilian Population.
Exploring the Perspectives and Experiences of Older Adults With Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Toward Mobile Health: Qualitative Study (Preprint)
Authors: Kouri Andrew , Gupta Samir , Straus Sharon E , Sale Joanna E M
Published: August 2023

BACKGROUND

The use of mobile health (mHealth) in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is growing, and as the population ages, a greater number of older adults stand to benefit from mHealth-enhanced airway disease care. Though older adults are a heterogeneous population of health technology users, older age represents a potential barrier to health technology adoption, and there is currently a lack of knowledge on how older age influences mHealth use in asthma and COPD.

OBJECTIVE

In this qualitative study, we sought to explore the experiences and perspectives of adults who were aged 65 years and older with asthma and COPD toward mHealth use.

METHODS

Semistructured individual interviews were conducted with adults who were aged 65 years and older with asthma or COPD and owned a smartphone. Applying phenomenological methodology, we analyzed interview transcripts in order to develop themes and propose an essential experience of mHealth use among older adults with airway disease. We then summarized our qualitative findings and proposed strategies to leverage our results in order to guide future research and implementation efforts targeting older adults’ use of airway mHealth.

RESULTS

Twenty participants (mean age 79.8, SD 4.4 years) were interviewed. Participants described a central tension between (1) the perception that mHealth could help maintain independence throughout aging and (2) an apprehension toward the ways in which mHealth could negatively affect established health care experiences. Several elements of these 2 themes are absent from previous research focusing on younger adults with asthma and COPD. The individual elements of these 2 themes informed potential strategies to optimize future older adults’ use of asthma and COPD mHealth tools.

CONCLUSIONS

Focusing on the perspectives and experiences of older adults with asthma and COPD in their use of mHealth identified novel understandings of health technology use in this important demographic in need of greater care. These lessons were translated into potential strategies that will need to be objectively evaluated in future airway mHealth research, development, and implementation efforts.
Multiscale Bowel Sound Event Spotting in Highly Imbalanced Wearable Monitoring Data: Algorithm Development and Validation Study (Preprint)
Authors: Baronetto Annalisa , Graf Luisa , Fischer Sarah , Neurath Markus F , Amft Oliver
Published: August 2023

BACKGROUND

Abdominal auscultation (i.e., listening to bowel sounds (BSs)) can be used to analyze digestion. An automated retrieval of BS would be beneficial to assess gastrointestinal disorders noninvasively.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to develop a multiscale spotting model to detect BSs in continuous audio data from a wearable monitoring system.

METHODS

We designed a spotting model based on the Efficient-U-Net (EffUNet) architecture to analyze 10-second audio segments at a time and spot BSs with a temporal resolution of 25 ms. Evaluation data were collected across different digestive phases from 18 healthy participants and 9 patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Audio data were recorded in a daytime setting with a smart T-Shirt that embeds digital microphones. The data set was annotated by independent raters with substantial agreement (Cohen κ between 0.70 and 0.75), resulting in 136 hours of labeled data. In total, 11,482 BSs were analyzed, with a BS duration ranging between 18 ms and 6.3 seconds. The share of BSs in the data set (BS ratio) was 0.0089. We analyzed the performance depending on noise level, BS duration, and BS event rate. We also report spotting timing errors.

RESULTS

Leave-one-participant-out cross-validation of BS event spotting yielded a median F1-score of 0.73 for both healthy volunteers and patients with IBD. EffUNet detected BSs under different noise conditions with 0.73 recall and 0.72 precision. In particular, for a signal-to-noise ratio over 4 dB, more than 83% of BSs were recognized, with precision of 0.77 or more. EffUNet recall dropped below 0.60 for BS duration of 1.5 seconds or less. At a BS ratio greater than 0.05, the precision of our model was over 0.83. For both healthy participants and patients with IBD, insertion and deletion timing errors were the largest, with a total of 15.54 minutes of insertion errors and 13.08 minutes of deletion errors over the total audio data set. On our data set, EffUNet outperformed existing BS spotting models that provide similar temporal resolution.

CONCLUSIONS

The EffUNet spotter is robust against background noise and can retrieve BSs with varying duration. EffUNet outperforms previous BS detection approaches in unmodified audio data, containing highly sparse BS events.
Identifying Symptoms Prior to Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Diagnosis in Real-World Care Settings: Natural Language Processing Approach (Preprint)
Authors: Xie Fagen , Chang Jenny , Luong Tiffany , Wu Bechien , Lustigova Eva , Shrader Eva , Chen Wansu
Published: August 2023

BACKGROUND

Pancreatic cancer is the third leading cause of cancer deaths in the United States. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the most common form of pancreatic cancer, accounting for up to 90% of all cases. Patient-reported symptoms are often the triggers of cancer diagnosis and therefore, understanding the PDAC-associated symptoms and the timing of symptom onset could facilitate early detection of PDAC.

OBJECTIVE

This paper aims to develop a natural language processing (NLP) algorithm to capture symptoms associated with PDAC from clinical notes within a large integrated health care system.

METHODS

We used unstructured data within 2 years prior to PDAC diagnosis between 2010 and 2019 and among matched patients without PDAC to identify 17 PDAC-related symptoms. Related terms and phrases were first compiled from publicly available resources and then recursively reviewed and enriched with input from clinicians and chart review. A computerized NLP algorithm was iteratively developed and fine-trained via multiple rounds of chart review followed by adjudication. Finally, the developed algorithm was applied to the validation data set to assess performance and to the study implementation notes.

RESULTS

A total of 408,147 and 709,789 notes were retrieved from 2611 patients with PDAC and 10,085 matched patients without PDAC, respectively. In descending order, the symptom distribution of the study implementation notes ranged from 4.98% for abdominal or epigastric pain to 0.05% for upper extremity deep vein thrombosis in the PDAC group, and from 1.75% for back pain to 0.01% for pale stool in the non-PDAC group. Validation of the NLP algorithm against adjudicated chart review results of 1000 notes showed that precision ranged from 98.9% (jaundice) to 84% (upper extremity deep vein thrombosis), recall ranged from 98.1% (weight loss) to 82.8% (epigastric bloating), and F1-scores ranged from 0.97 (jaundice) to 0.86 (depression).

CONCLUSIONS

The developed and validated NLP algorithm could be used for the early detection of PDAC.