bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tubular adenoma arising in tubular colonic duplication: a case report
Authors: Lee Heonwoo , An Hyeong Rok , Kim Chan Wook , Park Young Soo
Published: July 2024

Colonic duplication constitutes a rare congenital anomaly, characterized by the presence of hollow cystic or tubular structures exhibiting an epithelial-lined intestinal wall. Diagnostic challenges persist due to its low incidence and manifestation of nonspecific symptoms such as abdominal pain or constipation, resulting in a reluctance to pursue surgical resection. As associated malignancies in colonic duplication are rare, the inherent malignant potential of these anomalies remains undetermined. Additionally, despite reported instances of associated malignancies in colonic duplication, there is an absence of reports in the literature detailing tubular adenoma within these cases. The histologic features of the presented case are particularly noteworthy, situated at the precancerous stage, intimating potential progression towards adenocarcinoma within colonic duplication.
Okra cultivation under irrigation with saline water and foliar application of hydrogen peroxide
Authors: Roque Iara Almeida , Soares Lauriane Almeida dos Anjos , Lima Geovani Soares de , Lopes Iracy Amélia Pereira , Silva Luderlândio de Andrade , Dantas Maíla Vieira , Torres Afaela Aparecida Frazão , Lima Vera Lúcia Antunes de
Published: July 2024

Foliar application of hydrogen peroxide can induce plant defense mechanisms against salt stress, favoring plant acclimation in regions with qualitative and quantitative scarcity of water resources, such as the Brazilian semi-arid region. From this perspective, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of foliar hydrogen peroxide application on chlorophyll a fluorescence, growth, and production of okra under irrigation with saline water. The experiment was conducted under field conditions in Pombal, PB, using a randomized block design with a 5 × 3 factorial arrangement corresponding to five electrical conductivity levels of water – ECw (0.3, 1.3, 2.3, 3.3, and 4.3 dS m-1) and three hydrogen peroxide concentrations – H2O2 (0, 25, and 50 μM), with five replications. Irrigation water salinity levels up to 2.2 dS m-1 increase the maximum fluorescence of okra plants 75 days after transplanting. Foliar application of 50 µM hydrogen peroxide proved to be beneficial for plant height, stem diameter, stem dry matter, root dry matter, and total dry matter of okra when plants were grown in low-salinity water. The hydrogen peroxide concentrations of 25 and 50 µM increased the number of leaves. However, these concentrations reduced the average weight of the okra dry fruits. Foliar application with 50 µM hydrogen peroxide had a significant effect on the dry leaf phytomass of the okra cv. Clemson American 80 regardless of the electrical conductivity of irrigation water. Foliar hydrogen peroxide application at concentrations up to 50 µM intensifies the deleterious effects of salt stress on the total weight of dried okra fruits.
Keywords: Abelmoschus esculentus L., acclimation, salt stress.
Use of a fast toxicity test to determine whether carbendazim, fipronil, and sulfentrazone and their mixtures affect early zebrafish embryonic development
Authors: Gomes Samara da Silva , Nunes Bruno Andre Fernandes de Jesus da Silva , Cadena Pabyton Gonçalves
Published: July 2024

Because of the exacerbated use of pesticides and their mixtures, and the difficulty of evaluating their toxicity, it is necessary to identify sensitive tools for the early detection of potential environmental risks related to the use of these chemicals. Our objective was therefore to evaluate the effects of these chemicals using a rapid 24 h toxicity test in zebrafish embryos. After exposure of individual and mixtures of the pesticides carbendazim (carb), fipronil (fipr), and sulfentrazone (sulf), the lethality and sublethally at 24 hpf, the effects of the mixtures on epiboly and on coagulation of the embryos at 8 hpf were evaluated. This model can be extrapolated to several vertebrate groups, including humans. All three pesticides were toxic in both exposure periods, at 24 hpf, all concentrations used affected the embryos, with lethal and sublethal effects occurring. At 8 hpf, epiboly analysis indicated that the mixtures did not potentiate the effects compared to the pesticides alone, being toxic in the order: carb > sulf > fipr > fipr + sulf > carb + sulf > carb + fipr + sulf > carb + fipr + sulf > carb + fipr. We conclude that the most toxic pesticide was sulfentrazone, since it was highly toxic to embryonic development at 24 hpf and caused both delayed epiboly and high percent clotting at 8 hpf. Thus, we see that the rapid toxicity test was effective in assessing the toxicity of pesticides and was sensitive in assessing the effects of pesticides at low concentrations.
Keywords: epiboly, pesticides, teratogenicity.
Factors Affecting Life-Sustaining Treatment Decisions and Changes in Clinical Practice after Enforcement of the Life-Sustaining Treatment (LST) Decision Act: A Tertiary Hospital Experience in Korea
Authors: Jang Yoon Jung , Yang Yun Jung , Koo Hoi Jung , Yoon Hye Won , Uhm Seongbeom , Kim Sun Young , Kim Jeong Eun , Huh Jin Won , Kim Tae Won , Seo Seyoung
Published: July 2024

Purpose In Korea, the Act on Hospice and Palliative Care and Decisions on Life-Sustaining Treatment (LST) was implemented on February 4, 2018. We aimed to investigate relevant factors and clinical changes associated with LST decisions after law enforcement.Materials and Methods This single-center retrospective study included patients who completed LST documents using legal forms at Asan Medical Center from February 5, 2018, to June 30, 2020.Results 5,896 patients completed LST documents, of which 2,704 (45.8%) signed the documents in person, while family members of 3,192 (54%) wrote the documents on behalf of the patients. Comparing first year and following year of implementation of the act, the self-documentation rate increased (43.9% to 47.2%, p=0.014). Moreover, the number of LST decisions made during or after intensive care unit admission decreased (37.8% vs. 35.2%, p=0.045), and the completion rate of LST documents during chemotherapy increased (6.6% vs. 8.9%, p=0.001). In multivariate analysis, age < 65 (odds ratio [OR], 1.724; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.538 to 1.933; p < 0.001), unmarried status (OR, 1.309; 95% CI, 1.097 to 1.561; p=0.003), palliative care consultation (OR, 1.538; 95% CI, 1.340 to 1.765; p < 0.001), malignancy (OR, 1.864; 95% CI, 1.628 to 2.133; p < 0.001), and changes in timing on the first year versus following year (OR, 1.124; 95% CI, 1.003 to 1.260; p=0.045) were related to a higher self-documentation rate.Conclusion Age < 65 years, unmarried status, malignancy, and referral to a palliative care team were associated with patients making LST decisions themselves. Furthermore, the subject and timing of LST decisions have changed with the LST act.
Toric principal bundles, Tits buildings and reduction of structure group
Authors: Huang Shaoyu , Kaveh Kiumars
Published: July 2024

A toric principal

G

-bundle is a principal

G

-bundle over a toric variety together with a torus action commuting with the

G

-action. Recently, extending the Klyachko classification of toric vector bundles, Kaveh–Manon give a classification of toric principal

G

-bundles using
piecewise linear maps
to the (extended) Tits building of

G

. In this paper, we use the Kaveh–Manon classification to give a description of the (equivariant) automorphism group of a toric principal bundle as well as a simple criterion for (equivariant) reduction of structure group, recovering results of Dasgupta et al. Finally, motivated by the equivariant splitting problem for toric principal bundles, we introduce the notion of
Helly’s number
of a building and pose the problem of giving sharp upper bounds for Helly’s numbers of Tits buildings of semisimple algebraic groups

G

.
Outer forms of type $A_{2}$ with infinite genus
Authors: Tikhonov Sergey V.
Published: July 2024

Let

G

be an absolutely almost simple algebraic group over a field

K

. The genus

\mathbf{gen}_{K}(G)

of

G

is the set of

K

-isomorphism classes of

K

-forms

G'

of

G

that have the same

K

-isomorphism classes of maximal

K

-tori as

G

. We construct an example of outer forms of type

A_{2}

with infinite genus.
Multidimensional Borg–Levinson uniqueness and stability results for the Robin Laplacian with unbounded potential
Authors: Choulli Mourad , Metidji Abdelmalek , Soccorsi Éric
Published: July 2024

This article deals with the uniqueness and stability issues in the inverse problem of determining the unbounded potential of the Schrödinger operator in a bounded domain of

\mathbb{R}^{n}

,

n\geq 3

, endowed with Robin boundary condition, from knowledge of its boundary spectral data. These data are defined by the pairs formed by the eigenvalues and either partial or full Dirichlet measurement of the eigenfunctions on the boundary of the domain.
Generalized Minkowski weights and Chow rings of $T$-varieties
Authors: Botero Ana
Published: July 2024

We give a combinatorial characterization of Fulton’s operational Chow cohomology groups of a complete,

\mathbb{Q}

-factorial, rational

T

-variety of complexity one in terms of so called generalized Minkowski weights in the contraction-free case. We also describe the intersection product with Cartier invariant divisors in terms of the combinatorial data. In particular this provides a new way of computing top intersection numbers of invariant Cartier divisors combinatorially.
The cubic Dirac operator on compact quotients of the oscillator group
Authors: Kath Ines , Kraus Margarita
Published: July 2024

We study Kostant’s cubic Dirac operator

D^{1/3}

on locally symmetric Lorentzian manifolds of the form

\Gamma\backslash\operatorname{Osc}_{1}

, where

\operatorname{Osc}_{1}

is the four-dimensional oscillator group and

\Gamma\subset\operatorname{Osc}_{1}

is a cocompact lattice. These quotients are the only four-dimensional, compact Lorentzian

G

-homoge­neous spaces for a solvable but non-abelian Lie group

G

. We determine the spectrum of

D^{1/3}

. We also give an explicit decomposition of the regular representation of

\operatorname{Osc}_{1}

on

L^{2}

-sections of the spinor bundle into irreducible subrepresentations and we determine the eigenspaces of

D^{1/3}

.
Pauli Hamiltonians with an Aharonov–Bohm flux
Authors: Borrelli William , Correggi Michele , Fermi Davide
Published: July 2024

We study a two-dimensional Pauli operator describing a charged quantum particle with spin

1/2

moving on a plane in presence of an orthogonal Aharonov–Bohm magnetic flux. We classify all the admissible self-adjoint realizations and give a complete picture of their spectral and scattering properties. Symmetries of the resulting Hamiltonians are also discussed, as well as their connection with the Dirac operator perturbed by an Aharonov–Bohm singularity.
Relationship between Social Participation, Children’s Support, and Social Frailty with Falls among Older Adults in Colombia
Authors: Moncayo-Hernández Brigitte Alexi , Dueñas-Suarez Eliana Patricia , Reyes-Ortiz Carlos Alfonso
Published: July 2024

Background: There is limited research on social factors related to falls among older adults. This study assessed the association between falls during the past year with social participation, children’s support, relationship with children, and social frailty. Methods: Participants were 17,687 community-dwelling older adults from the 2015 Survey on Health, Well-being, and Aging (SABE) in Colombia. Covariates included sociodemographic characteristics, environmental barriers, psychotropic intake, vision problems, memory loss, multimorbidity, and fear of falling. Results: In multivariate logistic regression analyses, being socially frail (vs. no-frail) was associated with higher odds of falls (odds ratio [OR]=1.20; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.10–1.32). Participating in groups (OR=1.07; 95% CI 1.03–1.11), helping others (OR=1.04; 95% CI 1.02–1.06), or volunteering (OR=1.09; 95% CI 1.01–1.17) were also associated with higher odds of falls. These findings were partly explained because most group participants reside in cities where they are more exposed to environmental barriers. In contrast, receiving help, affection, and company from children (OR=0.95; 95% CI 0.93–0.97) was associated with lower fall odds than not receiving it. Moreover, having a good relationship with children was associated with lower odds of falls (OR=0.75; 95% CI, 0.66–0.85) compared to an unsatisfactory relationship. Conclusion: Support from children and having a good relationship with them were associated with fewer falls; however, social frailty and participation in social groups were associated with more falls.
Toward Malaria Elimination: Understanding Awareness, Prevention, and Health-Seeking Patterns in Odisha, India
Authors: Jabir MM Muhammed , Panigrahi Dilip Kumar , Baig Muhammed Mustafa , Vijayakumar Balakrishnan , Panda Prasant Kumar , Shriram Ananganallur Nagarajan , Rahi Manju , Kumar Ashwani
Published: July 2024

Given India’s goal of eliminating malaria by 2030, this study aimed to investigate community perspectives on malaria in highly endemic areas of Odisha, a region historically prone to malaria. The research explores self-reported malaria events, community knowledge, attitudes, practices, health-seeking behaviors, and access to healthcare services. A community-based cross-sectional survey conducted among 387 households between November 2022 and May 2023 served as an extension of our recent project, monitoring malaria elimination efforts in remote and challenging-to-reach communities in Odisha. The participants, who had a mean (SD) age of 41.7 (13.17) years, were predominantly male (88.4%). Self-reported malaria in the last 12 months prior to the survey was 6.2%, with half of the patients opting for primary health centers for treatment, averaging a 5-day recovery per episode. The median cost per malaria treatment episode was U.S. dollars 20.17. A significant majority (79.8%) demonstrated a strong awareness of malaria symptoms and transmission, with 83.3% expressing a favorable attitude toward disease prevention. Notably, 65.1% reported consistent use of long-lasting insecticidal nets. However, nearly half of the participants reported inadequate larval source management and indoor residual spraying services. Although there were slight variations in knowledge, attitude, and practice scores among demographic groups, the overall understanding of and approach to malaria were consistent in the study population, with no statistically significant differences (P >0.05). The study findings offer hope, suggesting that with sustained dedication and focused surveillance, malaria could become a thing of the past.
A Comparative Study of Human Leptospirosis between Mayotte and Reunion Islands Highlights Distinct Clinical and Microbial Features Arising from Distinct Inter-Island Bacterial Ecology
Authors: Desmoulin Anissa , Rajaonarivelo Arline , Maillard Olivier , Collet Louis , Jaffar-Bandjee Marie-Christine , Moiton Marie-Pierre , Poubeau Patrice , Fayeulle Stéphanie , François-Wattrelot Claire , Blondé Renaud , Tortosa Pablo , Raffray Loïc
Published: July 2024

Leptospirosis is a neglected zoonosis for which investigations assessing host-pathogen interaction are scarce. The aim of this study was to compare the severity and bacterial species involved in human cases of leptospirosis on Reunion and Mayotte islands, territories located in the southwest Indian Ocean that have recorded high human leptospirosis incidence but display fairly distinct epidemiological situations. A retrospective multicentric study including all patients over 18 years of age from Mayotte or Reunion with proven leptospirosis was conducted from January 2018 to April 2020. This study collected demographic, geographical, clinical, and biological data. Overall, 490 patients were included, 222 on Mayotte and 268 on Reunion. More patients were hospitalized on Reunion (n = 215, 80%) compared with Mayotte (n = 102, 46%). Severe disease was more common on Reunion (n = 75, 28%) than on Mayotte (n = 22, 10%). The dominant Leptospira species on Reunion was Leptospira interrogans (79%) followed by Leptospira borgpetersenii (21%), contrasting with the epidemiological situation on Mayotte where L. interrogans was found in only a minority of patients (10%). The high frequency of severe cases on Reunion could be explained not only by higher comorbidities but also by the higher occurrence of L. interrogans infections compared with Mayotte. Finally, the distribution of cases linked to L. borgpetersenii was found almost exclusively on the west coast of Reunion, raising the potential role of a ruminant reservoir.
The Epidemiology of Ocular Chlamydia trachomatis Infection within Districts Persistently Endemic for Trachoma in Amhara, Ethiopia
Authors: Nash Scott D. , Sata Eshetu , Chernet Ambahun , Gonzalez Tania A. , Nute Andrew W. , Ontiveros Victoria C. , Gessese Demelash , Zerihun Mulat , Jensen Kimberly A. , Yismaw Gizachew , Zeru Taye , Melak Berhanu , Ayele Zebene , Mihretu Fetene , Seife Fikre , Tadesse Zerihun , Callahan E. Kelly
Published: July 2024

Persistent trachoma is a growing concern to trachoma control programs globally and programs serving Ethiopia specifically. Persistent trachoma is defined as a district with two or more trachoma impact surveys (TISs) at which the prevalence of trachomatous inflammation-follicular (TF) among children ages 1–9 years is ≥5%, the elimination threshold. Because the global target for trachoma elimination as a public health problem is 2030, research is needed to better characterize persistent trachoma. This study described the epidemiology of ocular Chlamydia trachomatis infection, the causative bacteria of trachoma, in seven contiguous districts experiencing persistent trachoma. In 2019, multistage cluster random sampling TISs were conducted in the seven districts after 10 years of interventions. All individuals ages ≥1 year were examined for trachoma clinical signs by certified graders, and conjunctival swabs were collected from children ages 1–5 years to test for C. trachomatis infection. The district TF prevalence ranged from 11.8% (95% CI:7.6–16.0%) to 36.1% (95% CI:27.4–44.3%). The range of district-level C. trachomatis infection prevalence was between 2.7% and 34.4%. Statistically significant spatial clustering of high-infection communities was observed in the study districts, and children with infection were more likely than those without to be found in households with clinical signs of trachoma and those without latrines. These seven districts appear to constitute a persistent hotspot in Amhara, where an additional 3–5 years or more of interventions will be required. The global program will need to strengthen and enhance intervention strategies within persistent districts if elimination by 2030 is to be achieved.
Thermal Management System for Battery Electric Heavy-Duty Trucks
Authors: Gajowski Daniel , Wenzel Wolfgang , Hütter Matthias
Published: July 2024

On the path to decarbonizing road transport, electric commercial vehicles will play a significant role. The first applications were directed to the smaller trucks for distribution traffic with relatively moderate driving and range requirements. Meanwhile, the first generation of a complete portfolio of truck sizes has been developed and is available on the market. In these early applications, many compromises were made to overcome component availability, but today, the supply chain has evolved to address the specific needs of electric trucks. With that, optimization toward higher performance and lower costs is moving to the next level. For long-haul trucks, efficiency is a driving factor for the total cost of ownership (TCO) due to the importance of the energy costs [1]. Besides the propulsion system, other related systems must be optimized for higher efficiency. This includes thermal management since the thermal management components consume energy and have a direct impact on the driving range. The main function of thermal management is to protect the components to ensure a long lifetime, especially in the case of the battery. The driver's comfort is another important purpose of the thermal management system (TMS). In the present study, the design development of the TMS layout for an electric heavy-duty (HD) truck is described. The modeled TMS is challenged under different operation conditions, including demanding drive cycles as well as fast charging events. The results are analyzed in terms of energy flows and the usage of the different components of the thermal system. From those results, conclusions are derived for the sizing of components to meet the requirements of electric HD truck applications.
FMCW Lidar Simulation with Ray Tracing and Standardized Interfaces
Authors: Hofrichter Kristof , Linnhoff Clemens , Elster Lukas , Peters Steven
Published: July 2024

In pursuit of safety validation of automated driving functions, efforts are being made to accompany real world test drives by test drives in virtual environments. To be able to transfer highly automated driving functions into a simulation, models of the vehicle’s perception sensors such as lidar, radar and camera are required. In addition to the classic pulsed time-of-flight (ToF) lidars, the growing availability of commercial frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) lidars sparks interest in the field of environment perception. This is due to advanced capabilities such as directly measuring the target’s relative radial velocity based on the Doppler effect. In this work, an FMCW lidar sensor simulation model is introduced, which is divided into the components of signal propagation and signal processing. The signal propagation is modeled by a ray tracing approach simulating the interaction of light waves with the environment. For this purpose, an ASAM Open Simulation Interface (OSI) object list referencing virtual 3D objects provides the input for the ray tracer. The divergence of the continuous laser beam is approximated by super-sampling the beam with multiple rays, the calculation of the received power is supported by the future ASAM OpenMATERIAL standard. Subsequently, the output of the ray tracer serves as the input of the signal processing that adapts the so-called Fourier tracing from the field of radar sensor simulation. This approach uses the range and velocity information of the individual rays to estimate the frequency spectrum of the intermediate frequency signal. A subsequent peak detection algorithm determines the output of the model, which is provided in the form of OSI lidar detections. Verification scenarios are tested to check the plausibility of the output and the source code of the signal processing is made available as open source.
Design of an Alternative Hardware Abstraction Layer for Embedded Systems with Time-Controlled Hardware Access
Authors: Simmann Gabriel , Veeranna Vinay , Kriesten Reiner
Published: July 2024

This paper proposes a novel approach to the design of a Hardware Abstraction Layer (HAL) specifically tailored to embedded systems, placing a significant emphasis on time-controlled hardware access. The general concept and utilization of a HAL in industrial projects are widespread, serving as a well-established method in embedded systems development. HALs enhance application software portability, simplify underlying hardware usage by abstracting its inherent complexity and reduce overall development costs through software reusability. Beyond these established advantages, this paper introduces a conceptual framework that addresses critical challenges related to debugging and mitigates input-related problems often encountered in embedded systems. This becomes particularly pertinent in the automotive context, where the intricate operational environment of embedded systems demands robust solutions. The HAL design presented in this paper mitigates these issues. The design is structured as a modular software concept, leveraging the strategic use of configuration tables to provide an abstracted, rapid and well-organized method for configuring hardware. Furthermore, those configuration tables are used to realize an application-specific time-controlled synchronization mechanism between the actual hardware data registers and an internal software representation of those. The application software exclusively interacts with this representation, preventing errors arising from unstable inputs and ensuring strict timing. This paper provides a detailed description of the design, with a focus on its modular structure for an efficient and memory-saving implementation. Moreover, the document explores and discusses potential extensions and adaptations to the proposed design, enhancing its flexibility for individual use cases. In conclusion, this comprehensive exploration seeks to contribute to the advancement of embedded systems development by offering a refined and adaptable HAL design.
Benefits of Supercharger Boosting on H
2
ICE for Heavy Duty Applications
Authors: Andrisani Nicola , Bagal Nilesh
Published: July 2024

The fast acceleration of GHG (CO2 in particular) emitted by human activities into the atmosphere is accelerating the average temperature increase of our globe causing heavy climate change. This phenomenon has triggered a strong pressure on GHG emission reduction in all the human activities including the transportation sector which contributes for the 29% to the total emissions in EU [1]. A mitigation to this tendency can come from synthetic fuels: when produced by using clean energy, they can be considered CO2 neutral. H2 is the building block of synthetic fuels and can be used in spark ignited engines where releases the energy accumulated during its production. This solution is particularly attractive for HD applications thanks to the high energy density. H2 can be burned in a quite wide range of λ, but staying on 2,2 the amount of engine out NOx will be low enough for the use on a 13L engine with a relatively simple aftertreatment system. This λ value is difficult to maintain in the full speed range for the turbocharger system as the exhaust gases energy may not be enough to spin compressor meeting the boost demand. This is particularly true at low speed and during acceleration. The Eaton Supercharger system driven by the engine crankshaft through a belt can compensate this gap and guarantee required λ also in critical conditions. The benefit of the additional boosting at full load is large enough for measuring in the mid/low speed range an increase in torque matching the Diesel values, and a 3% BTE rise. Going higher with the speed the Supercharger will not provide any more an advantage as turbocharger system is good enough for the λ 2,2. A clutch will disconnect the supercharger in that speed range and will prevent a drop in performance due to the power absorbed by the Supercharger itself. The use of Supercharger will also bring almost 30% improvement in transient response of the engine with no impact on air fuel ratio. With this strategy it is possible to convert a 13L Diesel engine for HD into an H2 maintaining same full load torque and power curves, while maximizing transient performance and efficiency.
Numerical Investigation of Injection and Mixture Formation in Hydrogen Combustion Engines by Means of Different 3D-CFD Simulation Approaches
Authors: Schmelcher Robin , Kulzer Andre , Gal Thomas , Vacca Antonino , Chiodi Marco
Published: July 2024

For the purpose of achieving carbon-neutrality in the mobility sector by 2050, hydrogen can play a crucial role as an alternative energy carrier, not only for direct usage in fuel cell-powered vehicles, but also for fueling internal combustion engines. This paper focuses on the numerical investigation of high-pressure hydrogen injection and the mixture formation inside a high-tumble engine with a conventional liquid fuel injector for passenger cars. Since the traditional 3D-CFD approach of simulating the inner flow of an injector requires a very high spatial and temporal resolution, the enormous computational effort, especially for full engine simulations, is a big challenge for an effective virtual development of modern engines. An alternative and more pragmatic lagrangian 3D-CFD approach offers opportunities for a significant reduction in computational effort without sacrificing reliability. The detailed and the lagrangian approach are both validated against optical measurements inside a spray chamber, provided by Robert Bosch GmbH to ensure an accurate reproduction of the injection process in the simulation. The investigation shows, that the lagrangian approach enables 30 times bigger time steps, while maintaining comparable results. The effects on jet propagation and mixture formation are examined in a virtual 3D-CFD single cylinder engine test bench under the consideration of a boosted high tumble engine concept and direct injection up to 220 bar. A variation of injection timings and the air-to-fuel ratio are carried out at two load points and validated with the test bench data. By means of the matching simulation results, it is therefore possible to explain trends in engine behavior and make detailed statements about the interaction of the hydrogen high-pressure injection and the mixture formation. Particular attention was hereby paid to the influences on gas exchange losses, NOx emissions and engine efficiency.
How Can a Sustainable Energy Infrastructure Based on Renewable Fuels Contribute to Global Carbon Neutrality?
Authors: Rothbart Martin
Published: July 2024

With the COP28 decisions the world is thriving for a future net-zero-CO2 society and the and current regulation acts, the energy infrastructure is changing in direction of renewables in energy production. All industry sectors will extend their share of direct or indirect electrification. The question might arise if the build-up of the renewables in energy production is fast enough. Demand and supply might not match in the short- and mid-term.

The paper will discuss the roadmaps, directions and legislative boundary parameter in the regenerative energy landscape and their regional differences. National funding on renewables will gain an increasing importance to accelerate the energy transformation. The are often competing in attracting the same know-how on a global scale. In addition the paper includes details about energy conversion, efficiency as well as potential transport scenarios from production to the end consumer. Technologies are compared in respect of their TLR level and maturity for the market application. Furthermore the need for energy buffering on molecule or electron basis, availability and technical options will be evaluated. Finally the paper concludes with scenario calculations considering technology readiness and TCO for production, transport and infrastructure. Comparing all electricity based scenarios including molecules – respectively hydrogen and e-fuel are part of the evaluation.
Algebraic cycles on Gushel-Mukai varieties
Authors: Fu Lie , Moonen Ben
Published: July 2024

We study algebraic cycles on complex Gushel-Mukai (GM) varieties. We prove the generalised Hodge conjecture, the (motivated) Mumford-Tate conjecture, and the generalised Tate conjecture for all GM varieties. We compute all integral Chow groups of GM varieties, except for the only two infinite-dimensional cases (1-cycles on GM fourfolds and 2-cycles on GM sixfolds). We prove that if two GM varieties are generalised partners or generalised duals, their rational Chow motives in middle degree are isomorphic.

Comment: 23 pages, final version, in special volume in honour of C. Voisin
Comparative Analysis of Controller Effect on Anti-lock Braking System Performance using MATLAB/ Simulink
Authors: Kanwale Vaibhav M. , Shinde Avinash B. , Vivekanandan N.
Published: July 2024

Active safety features aim to avoid or reduce road accidents, in contrast to passive safety features, which are meant to protect occupants after a collision. An Anti-lock Braking System (ABS) is a category of active safety breaking that stops the wheels from locking during a braking action, keeping them in contact with the ground. Different researchers have proposed various control methods for developing the ABS controller. A controller is effective if it reduces stopping distance and time and maintains the desired slip ratio. In this research paper, a quarter-vehicle model is utilized to evaluate the effect of the controller on the Anti-lock Braking System (ABS) and study longitudinal braking dynamics. The Bang-bang controller, Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) controller and the Fuzzy Logic (FL) controller for the ABS were modelled in MATLAB/ Simulink software. A feedback controller that abruptly flips between the two states is called a bang-bang controller, also called an on-off, two-step, or hysteresis controller. PID (Proportional - Integral - Derivative) parameters were obtained using the Ziegler Nichols tuning Method. A comparative analysis of the controllers concerning braking distance, braking time, and normalized relative slip was performed. ABS with the Fuzzy Logic (FL) controller outperforms both the Proportional - Integral - Derivative (PID) and bang-bang controllers.
Inclusión financiera a través de la banca móvil: percepción y actitudes del socio cooperativista
Authors: Segovia Borja Katherine Fernanda
Published: July 2024

El problema del estudio se centró en el limitado uso de la aplicación móvil de la Cooperativa de Ahorro y Crédito Chibuleo Ltda., es la poca publicidad en redes sociales de los beneficios que oferta el sector cooperativista, el desconocimiento de la existencia de la banca móvil, en consecuencia, al limitado uso de la aplicación. Por tal razón, el objetivo del estudio es proponer el uso del aplicativo móvil a través de la metodología TAM para promover la inclusión financiera de la Coop. Chibuleo agencia Tena. Se aplicó un enfoque cuantitativo con un diseño correlacional mediante una encuesta para la realización del análisis descriptivo y análisis estadístico factorial exploratoria. Como resultado los factores tuvieron una correlación del 90% y se identificó la percepción de dos componentes principales, la intención conductual y el fácil uso percibido en un 79%. Sin embargo, existen componentes la influencia social, autosuficiencia informática, seguridad, confianza y costos financieros que no fueron percibidos donde existe falencias que consideran que la aplicación de Chibuleo no tiene las suficientes protecciones al momento en que utilizan y realizan sus operaciones bancarias, no se sienten cómodos y seguros con la aplicación.
Satisfação com a vida académica em estudantes do ensino superior público português
Authors: Barreiro Ribeiro Maria Isabel , Gonçalves Fernandes António José , Isaltina Gomes Correia Teresa
Published: July 2024

Determinar o nível de satisfação académica em estudantes do 1º ciclo do ensino superior e verificar se existem diferenças estatisticamente significativas ao nível de satisfação académica, tendo em consideração o género, a idade, a área científica do curso e o ano frequentado, são os principais objetivos deste artigo. Para isso, desenvolveu-se um estudo transversal, observacional e quantitativo. A recolha de dados ocorreu em abril de 2012. Foi selecionada uma amostra não probabilística acidental constituída por 686 estudantes, do 1º ciclo, de 4 áreas científicas, designadamente, Saúde, Tecnologias, Educação e Agrária. Para fazer o tratamento dos dados utilizou-se o software estatístico IBM SPSS 20.0. O referido tratamento envolveu o uso de estatística descritiva; a análise fatorial exploratória; o Alfa Cronbach; o teste R-Pearson; o teste t- Student; a ANOVA One-Way; o teste de Tukey; o teste Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin; e, finalmente, o teste de esfericidade de Bartlett. Verificou-se que, globalmente, a satisfação académica dos alunos é elevada. No entanto, em todas as dimensões consideradas, nomeadamente, Satisfação com o curso, Oportunidade e Desenvolvimento, e Satisfação com a Instituição, há aspetos a melhorar.
“Sentido de coerência” e desempenho académico no ensino superior: uma revisão sistemática da literatura
Authors: Martins Carrondo Ezequiel
Published: July 2024

Objetivo: analisar e interpretar estudos empíricos publicados sobre o “sentido de coerência” e o desempenho académico no ensino superior. Metodologia: revisão sistemática de literatura: artigos de investigação pesquisados em plataformas de base de dados e revistas científicas. Resultados: a pesquisa efetuada revelou um número limitado de estudos, tendo sido considerados quatro. Nos estudantes com maior “sentido de coerência” observou-se uma maior capacidade para lidar com os problemas associados à vida académica. A influência do “sentido de coerência” no sucesso académico foi superior ao efeito de algumas experiências institucionais. Conclusões: os estudos sugerem que deve ser considerada a possibilidade de o “sentido de coerência” influenciar o desempenho académico no ensino superior. Em futura investigação deverá ser explorada a integração do “sentido de coerência” nos processos formativos dos enfermeiros, como estratégia para melhorar a capacidade dos estudantes em lidar com as situações e, assim, melhorar o seu desempenho académico.
Aprendendo a ser empreendedor na formação de professores no ensino profissional
Authors: Hannula Heikki , Dorra Taru , Kuivalahti Markku , Hallavainio Tarja
Published: July 2024

Ser empreendedora é um conceito que evocou o interesse no contexto do ensino de empreendedorismo. É uma qualidade desejável, não só entre as pessoas já na vida profissional, mas também entre alunos, professores e organizações de ensino. Os professores são um grupo que, pelo seu próprio exemplo, pode servir como um modelo para os outros. Através de seu próprio exemplo empreendedor, os professores podem incentivar os seus próprios alunos para serem empreendedores. Portanto, é apropriado que as atividades empreendedoras sejam desde logo aprendidas durante a formação de professores. Observações da abordagem empreendedora de dois grupos que iniciou seus estudos em HAMK foram iniciadas em agosto de 2011. Em vez da formação normal de professor-líder os grupos de alunos foram divididos de acordo com os princípios da aprendizagem baseada em problemas em pequenos grupos. Cada grupo foi atribuído a responsabilidade para o planeamento independente, implementação e avaliação de estudos relativos à formação de professores no ensino profissional. A tarefa dos instrutores era monitorizar as atividades e intervir apenas quando necessário. Nas reações e desenvolvimento dos alunos, as fases da pedagogia do risco, modelo proposto por Paula Kyrö, pode conduzir ao discernimento-confusão, levando à ação e aprender a correr riscos. Os alunos dos grupos responderam a duas vezes ao questionário que lhes foi apresentado. O primeiro questionário foi implementado no início dos estudos e um segundo no final dos estudos. As observações dos formadores e estudantes também foram analisadas. Pode-se determinar/afirmar, como uma conclusão que, na fase inicial, os alunos estavam confusos e em parte também com raiva. O tomar de medidas, no entanto, produziu resultados e os futuros professores perceberam que tinham de enfrentar os desafios. Eventualmente, no decorrer da implementação, surgiu, uma competição de modo a ver qual dos grupos conseguia alcançar a qualidade mais alta. Assim, através da experiência em ser professores, os futuros professores aprenderam temas de empreendedorismo tais como a responsabilidade e o assumir de riscos. O objetivo deste artigo é descrever a história do crescimento dos futuros professores do ensino profissional. Primeiro, apresentamos os principais conceitos usados na pesquisa. Posteriormente, descrevemos os estudos sobre os futuros professores como um todo. Em seguida apresentamos a perspetiva da experiência dos professores e dos formadores na fase de implementação. Finalmente traçamos conclusões sobre a implementação no esforço para estimular a discussão sobre o desenvolvimento da educação para o empreendedorismo.
Institution of penal servitude (hard labor) in the domestic legislation of the 20th century
Authors: Белова Н.А.
Published: July 2024

Статья посвящена вопросам правовой регламентации института каторги (ссылки в каторжные работы) в России на протяжении ХХ столетия. Анализируются нормативные правовые акты, регулировавшие назначение и исполнение данной карательной меры в рассматриваемых хронологических рамках. Отражена трансформация наказания в виде каторги в отечественном законодательстве разных эпох: дореволюционной, периода Временного правительства и советской. Констатируется, что в ХХ в. произошло сужение круга деяний, за которые могло быть назначено это наказание: в имперский период оно применялось за тяжкие государственные и уголовные преступления, при Временном правительстве – только за уголовные преступления, в советский период – за пособничество фашистам и побеги из мест поселения отдельных категорий лиц. Показано, что каторга, вторая по степени тяжести после смертной казни уголовная санкция, сохраняла историческую преемственность и применялась в целях возмездия и устрашения. При исполнении этого наказания законодательство предусматривало не только строгие условия изоляции преступников, но использование их труда на особо тяжелых работах.

The article is devoted to the issues of legal regulation of the institution of penal servitude (hard labor) in Russia during the twentieth century. Normative legal acts regulating the appointment and execution of this punitive measure in the considered chronological framework are analyzed. The transformation of punishment in the form of penal servitude in the domestic legislation of different epochs is reflected: pre-revolutionary, the period of the Provisional Governments and the Soviet one. It is stated that in the twentieth century. there was a narrowing of the range of acts for which this punishment could be imposed: in the imperial period it was used for serious state and criminal offenses, under the Provisional Government – only for criminal offenses, in the Soviet period – for aiding the Nazis and escaping from places of settlement of certain categories of persons. It is shown that penal servitude, the second most severe criminal sanction after the death penalty, preserved historical continuity and was used for the purposes of retribution and intimidation. The legislation provided not only for strict conditions of isolation of criminals, but also for the use of their labor in particularly difficult jobs.
Legal and organizational aspects of harm com- pensation by conditionally convicted persons and the frequency of taking coercive measures against them
Authors: Кириловский О.В.
Published: July 2024

В статье рассмотрены правовые и организационные аспекты возмещения вреда условно осужденными. Раскрыты последовательность применения мер принуждения и периодичность вынесения предупреждений в случае неисполнения осужденными данной обязанности, выявлены правовые пробелы в части урегулирования периодичности вынесения предупреждений, предложены меры по их устранению. Также исследованы организационные основы взаимодействия уголовно-исполнительных инспекций и территориальных подразделений ФССП России по реализации совместных усилий по возмещению вреда условно осужденными, предложены меры по урегулированию отдельных проблемных вопросов.

The article considers and analyzes the legal and organizational aspects of harm compensation by conditionally convicted persons. The sequence of applied coercive measures and the frequency of issuing warnings in cases of non-fulfillment of this duty by convicts are revealed, legal gaps in the regulation of the frequency of issuing warnings are identified, and measures to eliminate them are proposed. Organizational foundations of interaction between criminal enforcement inspections and territorial divisions of the Federal Penitentiary Service on the implementation of joint efforts to compensate for harm by conditionally convicted persons are also studied, and measures to resolve certain problematic issues are proposed.
Falsification of evidence and results of law enforcement intelligence operations: legal technique issues
Authors: Крутиков И.Л.
Published: July 2024

В статье рассматриваются проблемы отсутствия законодательно закрепленной дефиниции понятия фальсификации доказательств в контексте ст. 303 УК РФ. Анализируются научные точки зрения, иностранное уголовное законодательство, судебная практика применения норм о фальсификации доказательств. Обосновывается решение обозначенной проблемы путем применения правоинтерпретационной техники (техники толкования).

The article considers problems of the lack of a legally fixed definition of the concept of falsification of evidence in the context of Article 303 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. The article analyzes scientific points of view, foreign criminal legislation, judicial practice of applying norms on falsification of evidence. A solution to the problem of the absence of the concept of falsification of evidence is proposed and justified through the use of legal interpretation techniques.
On the issue of improving the performance of employees of the penitentiary system of the Russian Federation to neutralize the negative impact of criminal jargon and its use in correctional institutions
Authors: Нарышкина Н.И. , Писарев О.М.
Published: July 2024

В статье рассматривается проблема специфической роли уголовного жаргона как коммуникативного элемента тюремной субкультуры, актуализирующая его всестороннее изучение в рамках предупредительно-профилактической работы с осужденными. Акцентируется внимание на культурологических, социально-психологических и правовых механизмах его функционирования в местах лишения свободы. Представлены точки зрения ряда ученых пенитенциарного профиля, определено назначение уголовного жаргона в неформальной жизни осужденных, приведен анализ его признаков. Отмечаются сложности правового характера при определении его терминологической базы. Рассматриваются вопросы совершенствования служебной деятельности сотрудников уголовно-исполнительной системы Российской Федерации по нейтрализации негативного влияния уголовного жаргона и его использования в исправительных учреждениях. Сформулирован ряд предложений в области практической и научной деятельности, ведомственного образования, имеющих цель пресечения распространения и влияния рассматриваемого атрибута тюремной субкультуры.

The article deals with the problem of the specific role of criminal jargon as a communicative element of the prison subculture, actualizing its comprehensive study in the framework of preventive work with convicts. Attention is focused on the cultural, socio-psychological and legal mechanisms of its functioning in places of deprivation of liberty. The points of view of a number of scientists of the penitentiary profile are presented, the purpose of criminal jargon in the informal life of convicts is determined, and the analysis of its elements is given. The difficulties of a legal nature in determining its terminological base are noted. The issues of improving the performance of penal system employees to neutralize the negative impact of criminal jargon and its use in correctional institutions are considered. A number of proposals in the field of practical and scientific activities and departmental education to suppress the spread and influence of the considered attribute of the prison subculture are formulated.