bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Addition of Dexamethasone to Levobupivacaine in the Ultrasound-Guided Bilateral Subcostal Transversus Abdominis Plane Block Improves the Quality of Postoperative Analgesia after Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy
Authors: Choudhary Jaya , Agarwal Anshika , Bhojwani Priyanka
Published: December 2022

Background and Aims:

Addition of dexamethasone to levobupivacaine in the peripheral nerve block provides improved pain scores, prolonged pain relief, and reduced postoperative opioid requirement. However, the evidence regarding its efficacy in the transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block is limited. Therefore, we conducted this study to evaluate the potential benefits of combining dexamethasone with levobupivacaine in the subcostal TAP block during the first 24 h after laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

Materials and Methods:

Seventy-six patients were enrolled in the study and divided into two groups to receive 20 ml of 0.25% levobupivacaine with 1 ml NS bilaterally (Group LS) or 20 ml of 0.25% levobupivacaine with 4 mg dexamethasone bilaterally (Group LD). Each patient received a standard multimodal analgesic regimen. Pain scores were recorded at rest and during coughing at 0, 2, 4, 6, 12, and 24 h postoperatively. Total opioid consumption and associated complications were recorded during the first 24 h.

Results:

Pain scores were lower in the LD group as compared to the LS group at all time points. Reduction in Numeric Rating Scale values was statistically significant at 4, 6, and 12 h both at rest and during coughing. Estimated P values on coughing at these time points were 0.000, 0.001, and 0.017, respectively. Postoperative opioid requirement was also significantly reduced between 2 and 24 h (P = 0.007). We did not record any complications in our study population.

Conclusion:

The combination of dexamethasone and levobupivacaine in the subcostal TAP block significantly improves the efficacy of multimodal analgesic regimen during the first 24 h after laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
Anesthetic Management of Carotid Artery Pseudoaneurysm Repair in a Healthy Weight Lifter
Authors: Garg Sahil , Nair Lekshmi V. , Singh Jasveer , Indumathi K.
Published: December 2022

We report a 37-year-old healthy male who developed left-sided neck pain following rigorous weight training. The pain was followed by development of a neck lump which was diagnosed as a left carotid bulb pseudoaneurysm with a partial thrombus in the lumen. The patient successfully underwent rent repair of the left common carotid artery wall at the level of its bifurcation and removal of thrombus under general anesthesia with complete recovery.
Prevalence Of Malaria And Intestinal Parasitic Co-Infection Among Diabetic Patients In Calabar.
Authors: Philemon Bebia Glory , Akong Akpang Eldad , Chinweokwu Ugwu Joy , Columbus Inyang-Etoh Paul
Published: December 2022

Background: Malaria and intestinal parasitosis is a public health problem among diabetic patients, therefore, this work evaluates the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection and malaria co-infections in diabetics.

Materials and Methods

Capillary blood and fecal samples were collected from 190 diabetic patients at the outpatient clinic of University of Calabar Teaching Hospital and Navy Reference Hospital Calabar and another batch of capillary blood and fecal samples from 110 non-diabetic subjects. The stool samples were examined macroscopically and microscopically by direct smear and formol- ether concentration method and also stained by modified Ziehl- Neelsen acid fast stain. The thick and thin blood film were stained with 10% Giemsa stain and viewed microscopically.

Result: Amongst the test subjects, malaria parasites had a prevalence rate of 30 (15.8%), intestinal parasites had a prevalence rate of 48 (25.3%), and prevalence of co-infection with malaria parasites and intestinal parasites were 8 (4.2%), the difference was statistically significant (p= 0.036). Amongst the non-diabetic subjects, prevalence of malaria parasites was 12 (10.9%), intestinal parasites had a prevalent rate of 12 (10.9%) and a co-infection prevalence rate of 12 (3.6%). Amongst the diabetic patients, subjects aged 21-30 years had the highest infection rate of 14 (70.0%) for malaria parasites while 31-40 years had the highest infection of 8 (57.1%) for intestinal parasites the difference was statistically significant p = 0.0001. Amongst the non-diabetic subjects, age group 31-40 had the highest prevalence rate for malaria parasites 4(28.6%) and intestinal parasites 6(42.9%), while age group 31-40 and 41-50 had the highest prevalent rates of 2(14.3%) for co-infection. Amongst the diabetic patients, male subjects had a higher prevalence rates for malaria parasites, intestinal parasites and co-infection of 20(33.3%), 26(43.3%) and 6(10.0%) respectively which was statistically significant (p= 0.001). For the non-diabetic subjects, females had a higher prevalence rate for malaria infection 8(13.3%), while males had a higher prevalence rate for intestinal parasites and co-infection of 8(16.0%) and 4(8.0%) respectively, the difference was not statistically significant (p=0.250). Hookworm was the most observed parasite, 18(37.5%), Ascaris lumbricoides, 14 (29.2%), Cryptosporidium parvum, 8 (16.7%), Cyclospora cayetanensis, 4 (8.3%), Trichuris trichiura, 2 (4.2%) and Microsporidia, 2 (4.2%).

Conclusion: Based on findings in this study, this work has shown a prevalence of intestinal parasites (25.3%), and prevalence of malaria infection (15.8%) in diabetic subjects; and this study also illustrate the prevalence of malaria and intestinal parasitic co- infection of 4.2%, and the need to put in place strategies for the control of the parasite among this group of patients.
On generalized derivations of polynomial vector fields Lie algebras
Authors: Randriambololondrantomalala Princy , Asif Sania
Published: December 2022

In this paper, we study the generalized derivation of a Lie sub-algebra of
the Lie algebra of polynomial vector fields on $\mathbb{R}^n$ where $n\geq1$,
containing all constant vector fields and the Euler vector field, under some
conditions on this Lie sub-algebra.
CUIDADOS DE ENFERMAGEM NO PRÉ-NATAL DE BAIXO RISCO NA ESTRATÉGIA DE SAÚDE DA FAMÍLIA: UMA ANÁLISE EM PERIÓDICOS NACIONAIS
Authors: Araújo Regilda Bacelar , Anjos Marcia Rejane Rodrigues dos , Souza Carmem Lúcia de Oliveira , Rodrigues Tatyanne Silva
Published: December 2022

RESUMO

A assistência prestada no pré-natal pelo enfermeiro na estratégia de saúde da família é bastante eficaz e acolhedora, pautada no respeito, dignidade e na promoção da integralidade do processo cuidar. O estudo teve como objetivo descrever as publicações científicas acerca do cuidado de enfermagem no pré-natal de baixo na Estratégia de Saúde da Família. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa, para tanto se aplicou estratégias de busca nas seguintes bases de dados: Literatura Latino- Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde - LILACS, Base de dados de Enfermagem – BDENF e Scientific Electronic Library Online-Scielo, utilizando como recorte temporal os anos de 2013 a 2017. Obteve-se como resultados oito artigos, que foram descritos, analisados e feito à discussão. Viu-se assim, que assistência de enfermagem prestada no pré-natal realizado pelo enfermeiro na ESF tem como finalidade verificar os fatores de riscos para a gestação e a prevenção da morbimortalidade materna e neonatal.
Programmresümee des Nationalen Forschungsprogramms «Antimikrobielle Resistenz» (NFP 72)
Authors: Frey Joachim , Stéphane Praz
Published: December 2022

Das Programmresümee richtet sich an Entscheidungsträgerinnen und -träger in Praxis und Politik, aber auch an die breite Öffentlichkeit. Die Leitungsgruppe fasst darin im Sinne einer strategischen Orientierung die wichtigsten Hintergründe, Handlungsfelder und Massnahmen zusammen, die sich aus ihrer Sicht aus den Arbeiten des NFP 72 ergeben.
Routes and reservoirs of AMR-determinants & One Health AMR-surveillance
Authors: Helmut Bürgmann , Egli Adrian , Endimiani Andreas , Stephan Roger , Tschudin Sutter Sarah , Hardt Wolf-Dietrich
Published: December 2022

The thematic synthesis “Optimized use of antibiotics and behavior changes” summarises the NRP 72 research that developed and tested interventions aimed at reducing and optimising antibiotic usage. It formulates detailed conclusions and recommendations in this area, which have been drafted in collaboration with researchers and numerous stakeholders.
Thoracic Complications of Radiofrequency Ablation of Recurrent Hepatoma
Authors: Soon Jia Lin , Jeyaraj Prema Raj , Agasthian T
Published: December 2022

Introduction: Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for unresectable primary or secondary hepatic malignancies have gained widespread availability and acceptance over the past 5 years. Complication rates have been reported to range from 0% to 27%.

Clinical Picture: We report a patient with symptomatic right pleural effusion due to a diaphragmatic fistula and another with biliptysis post-RFA, for recurrent hepatoma.

Treatment: Percutaneous drainage of both the pleural effusion and biloma was performed. However, surgical repair of the diaphragmatic fistula was only required for the former for persistent drainage.

Outcome: Both patients were successfully treated with minimal morbidity.

Conclusion: High index of suspicion is required for the early diagnosis and treatment of diaphragmatic fistulas. Simple catheter drainage can potentially obviate the need for surgery.

Key words: Cancer, Diaphragm, Fistula
Surgical Management of Obesity – National University Hospital Experience
Authors: Shabbir Asim , Loi Tsuan Hao , Lomanto Davide , Ti Thiow Kong , So Jimmy BY
Published: December 2022

Introduction: The Singapore National Survey of 2004 reported the prevalence of obesity to have increased to 6.9%, thus reflecting the profound changes in our society’s lifestyle and eating habits. Bariatric surgery has steadily been increasing to counter the ill effects of obesity.

Materials and Methods: We audited our prospective series of 31 patients who had laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LABG) for morbid obesity performed by our multidisciplinary team at the National University Hospital, Singapore, between August 2004 and December 2006.

Results: The median age at presentation was 40 years old including 6 males and 25 females. Their median BMI was 42.35 kg/m2. At a median follow-up of 26 months, the median percentage of excess weight loss (%EWL) was 41.95%. The positive impact of gastric banding on comorbidities are evident whereby 15 (94%) of the diabetics had improved glycaemic control with HbA1C of 7.7% preoperatively improving to 5.9% postoperatively, and also 8 (58%) now take smaller doses of oral hypoglycaemic agents. Hypertension improved in 4 patients and 2 (11%) were cured. All our patients with dyslipidaemia had their statin doses reduced with marked lowering of serum lipid levels. We had 2 patients (6.45%) with band erosion and another 2 with reflux oesophagitis. Our article also summarises the available surgical procedures while discussing the pros and cons of each.

Conclusion: Our results showed that a multidisciplinary programme can achieve significant weight loss for obese patients in Singapore. To achieve long-term weight loss, a com- mitment of both the medical team and the patient is necessary. Laparoscopy has revolutionised the practice of bariatric surgery worldwide. LAGB is an effective and safe procedure.

Key words: Laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding, Outcomes, Surgical technique review
Three-Year Experience of Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for Acute ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction in a Hospital without On-site Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Ong Sea Hing , Lim Victor YT , Chang Boon Cheng , Lingamanaicker Jayaram , Tan Chong Hiok , Goh Yew Seong , Tan Kok Soon
Published: December 2022

Introduction: Primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) in hospitals without on-site cardiac surgery capability, despite receiving only a class IIb recommendation in the ACC/AHA practice guidelines, can be per-formed effectively and safely. We reviewed the first 3 years of our experience.

Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective single centre review of all patients receiving primary PCI for STEMI between 2003 and 2005. Demographic, procedural and outcome data were analysed.

Results: There were 259 patients who underwent primary PCI. The mean age was 55.3 ± 12.3 years. Median door-to-balloon time was 97.5 minutes and 45.2% and 52.9% had anterior and inferior STEMI, respectively. The majority of patients presented with Killip class I (87.6%); however, 5.8% were in Killip class IV. Single vessel disease was found in 47.1%. Angiographic PCI success (defined as residual stenosis <50% with TIMI 3 flow) was achieved in 89.1%. Usage of stents, distal protection and aspiration devices were 97.2%, 27.8% and 34.1 %, respectively; 9.3% required intra-aortic balloon pump insertion. No patients required transfer for emergency coronary bypass surgery as a result of PCI complications. Post-PCI ST resolution >50% was achieved in 80.6%. The mean post-infarct left ventricular ejection fraction was 44.1%. In-hospital, 30-day, 6-month and 1-year mortality rates were 2%, 2.8%, 4.0% and 4.8%, respectively. Clini-cally driven target lesion revascularisation rate was 2.8% at 1 year.

Conclusions: Our results are comparable to those from on-site surgical centres. This supports the feasibility and safety of primary PCI in cardiac centres without on-site cardiac surgery.

Key words: Emergency, PCI, STEMI, Transfer
Authenticity and Experience Quality Effect Customer Loyalty of Thematic Restaurants and Demography as Moderation
Authors: Sabil Hussein Ananda , Rupianti Reni , Khairunisa Norma , Fathia Humaira Khaula
Published: December 2022

An increase in activity in the culinary sector provides an opportunity for gastronomic tourism to rise and develop. Gaining tourist loyalty through the success of creating unique experiences is a source of competitive advantage for each destination. This study aimed to examine the mediating effect of perceived authenticity on the relation between experience quality and customer loyalty. This research was conducted in ethnic restaurants spread across East Java and used 200 samples of gastronomic tourists analyzed by SEM-PLS. This study explained that food quality and physical environment had a significant effect on customer loyalty. Service quality had a significant effect on perceived authenticity. Perceived authenticity had a significant effect on customer loyalty. Perceived authenticity is a full mediation of the relation between service quality and customer loyalty. Meanwhile, in the moderation test, demography was not able to moderate the relation between experience quality and customer loyalty.
Influencia de las pantallas de visualización de datos en la generación de riesgos ergonómicos y psicosociales en puestos de trabajos
Authors: Barragán Monrroy Roberto , Covena Alex , Gonzalez Osorio Betty , Monrroy Arellano Rosario
Published: December 2022

El objetivo de la presente investigación fue evaluar los riesgos ergonómicos y psicosociales en empresas que utilizan pantallas de visualización de datos. Se identificaron en las empresas dos puestos de trabajo que utilizan pantallas de visualización de datos en toda su jornada laboral. Para la evaluación de riesgos ergonómicos se tomó como base el método ROSA y para los riesgos psicosociales se utilizó el método F-PSICO 4.0 validados por el Instituto Nacional de Seguridad y Salud en el Trabajo. Los resultados demostraron que el uso constante de pantallas de visualización de datos influye en la generación de riesgos, identificando riesgos ergonómicos altos y muy altos, y riesgos psicosociales elevados y muy elevados, debido a que los puestos de trabajo no estaban diseñados adecuadamente. En base a estos resultados es necesario implementar medidas correctivas y preventivas con el fin de disminuir los niveles de riesgo que presentan los trabajadores.
Pelatihan Teknologi Tepat Guna Bagi Kelompok Usaha Pengrajin Bambu di Kota Kendari
Authors: Hasanudin La , Aminur  , Sudarsono  , Balaka Ridway , Samhuddin  , Yurnidarsyah Citra
Published: December 2022

The abundance of bamboo prompted both partners Sri Jeki and Bambu Apus to set up a bamboo craft business in Kendari city. As the business goes on, the demand for various bamboo works continues to increase. Both craftsmen experienced difficulties in meeting production targets. So far, craftsmen only use machetes to split, sharpen, and thin bamboo in their production activities. The solution offered in this service activity is to introduce and provide appropriate technology training for bamboo defenders to accelerate and increase the production of bamboo crafts. The method of this activity is to train craftsmen in using appropriate technology for bamboo defenders to accelerate and increase the production capacity of bamboo crafts. The results obtained from this service activity are that the craftsmen can use the right technology for bamboo splitting tools safely and quickly so that their productivity increases.
Implikasi Kebijakan atas Terbitnya Travel & Tourism Development Index 2021 Terhadap Upaya Peningkatan Daya Saing Kepariwisataan Indonesia di Pasar Global
Authors: Maulana Addin , Oktaviyanti Dini , Wahyuni Dwi , Sasono Norman , Sakti Guntur
Published: December 2022

Changes in the framework, methodology, and indicators used by the World Economic Forum (WEF) in measuring and ranking the competitiveness of world tourism through the Travel and Tourism Development Index (TTDI) have implications for Indonesian government policies in achieving the target of tourism competitiveness rankings. By using a qualitative descriptive approach, and documentation study techniques in data collection, this policy study aims to provide an overview of the policy implications of the issuance of the 2021 TTDI. The legal umbrella for increasing tourism competitiveness consists of laws, presidential regulations, government regulations, and ministerial regulations. In 2019 Indonesia's Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Index (TTCI) ranking was 40, but after conversion using the TTDI framework, methodology, and indicators, the rank dropped to 44. Indonesia's TTDI ranking in the 2021 edition is 32, meaning an increase of 12. The change from TTCI to TTDI has implications for adjustment of the target performance indicators related to tourism competitiveness written in the president's regulation and the regulation of the minister of tourism and creative economy. This change also causes ministries/agencies to remap supporting indicators that potentially impact adjusting the legal umbrella related to cross-sectoral coordination of tourism implementation in Indonesia.
The Effect of Stress on the Progression and Development of HIV/AIDS
Authors: Canziani Anna , Sinnott Sinead
Published: December 2022

There is substantial evidence to indicate that the biological human stress response, when activated frequently or during long periods of time, can cause physiological health problems, including immunosuppression, which is particularly dangerous among patients with AIDS and HIV. The secretion of stress hormones, such as glucocorticoids, leads to a decrease in CD4 white blood cells, and this can facilitate the progression of HIV to AIDS and also exacerbate the course of the disease. HIV/AIDS is often associated with elevated stress levels, as well as mental illnesses such as anxiety and depression. Mental illness can also affect disease progression through similar biological mechanisms, although there is a lack of definitive research in this area. Stress alleviation therapy should be considered an important part of the treatment of people living with HIV and AIDS. Research indicates that as well as preventing the negative effects of stress, stress reduction treatments may also alleviate the symptoms of antiretroviral therapy, both of which could vastly contribute to the quality of life and health of patients. In this paper, we examine the biological mechanisms through which stress can impact the immune system and review relevant research on stress, its impact on HIV, potential future research, the role of mental health in disease progression, and implications of these findings.
The Effects of Student-Teacher Race Congruency on Student Feelings of Stereotype Threat
Authors: Chu Mandy , Webb Rachel
Published: December 2022

Stereotype threat has been shown to adversely affect performance in academic sectors; therefore, it is imperative to pinpoint factors that increase or reduce feelings of stereotype threat in order to work toward building solutions. Considering that the current literature is limited on the topic of racial stereotype threat in education, this study aims to evaluate whether the presence of student-teacher race congruency can impact feelings of stereotype threat in high school students of color. A digital survey was created using modified Stigma Consciousness Questionnaire measures, and a causal-comparative inquiry method was employed to compare the resulting data between three different racial or ethnic groups.
Investigating The Potential for Immunotherapies in Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma (DIPG)
Authors: Verma Anika , Wesolowski Alexander
Published: December 2022

Cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide, and has significant economic, social, and emotional effects. Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma (DIPG), a rare type of cancer, is a devastating pediatric brain tumor that currently has no effective therapy. This disease affects around 150 to 300 children in the United States every year and poses a greater than 98 percent mortality rate within five years of diagnosis. DIPG has been suggested as a potential candidate for immunotherapies and this report’s main focus is on exploring immunotherapies as a treatment for DIPG. It first dives into the impact of cancer on society, introduces DIPG, and explores its biology and prevalence. It then explains the current treatment options, roadblocks, and advantages of immunotherapies over other diseases. This paper concludes by suggesting three most promising immunotherapies for the treatment of DIPG based on their effectiveness in similar brain cancers: immune checkpoint inhibitors, cancer vaccines, and adoptive T-cell therapy.
The Costs and Impacts of Different Healthcare Systems in the U.S., Canada, and the U.K.
Authors: Bhavanasi Atharv , Kim Paul
Published: December 2022

In the wake of the COVID-19 Pandemic, there has been a greater call for universal healthcare in the U.S.. This research paper evaluates the healthcare systems of the nationalized healthcare system of the U.K.(NHS), the hybrid of free and private healthcare in Canada, and the strong presence of privately insured healthcare in the U.S. So how does a country’s healthcare system affect its population economically and socially? I take a look at the public policies, financial/economic burdens, tax implications on the general populace, and advantages that each population gains from their systemized healthcare system for these three countries.
Determinants of Gender Based Violence Against Women with Disabilities in Rwanda. A Case of Gakenke District
Authors: Habamenshi Védaste , Gasana Dr. Sebastien
Published: December 2022

Women and girls with disabilities are doubly discriminated by gender inequality and by their impairments. They are challenged by sexual abuse and violence perpetrated by intimate partners and/or non- partners. As none should be left behind, this present research analyzed the determinants of gender based violence against women with disabilities in Rwanda using a case of Gakenke District in order to provide recommendations tackling GBV against women with disability. The null hypothesis of the research was H0: Ignorance and social stigma are not the main drivers of gender based violence against women with disability in Gakenke district. The research was qualitative and the data was collected through a questionnaire and focus group discussions and computed using Microsoft Excel. A sample of 94 respondents was selected from a population of 1484 women and girls with disabilities. Other persons involved in the research are 64 local administrative leaders and staffs. The results of the study revealed that for rights awareness, the results indicate that 51.1% of women with disability are not aware of their rights/freedoms; and the society does not recognize women and girls with disability as having all those rights/ freedoms as affirmed by respondents at 98.8%. On social integration, the research found that the level of participation is too low. It ranges from 18% for public meeting to 3% in saving associations. On economic integration, the results indicate that 93.9% of women with disability do not run any economic activity; and have zero income per month. For the sexuality perception by the community, 96.3% of women with disability indicate that a marriage between a man without disability and a woman with disabilities is seen as an abnormal situation. Concerning the ability to self-defense, 87.8% prefer to remain at home and never travel for avoiding GBV. For duty bearers’ awareness, the results indicate that 46.3% of women with disability ignore them totally while 32.9% have a confused idea calling all of them leaders without clear categorizations. Based on these results, the null hypothesis was rejected; and the study accepted the alternative hypothesis. The research recommended synergy of all institutions such public, private and civil society as the foundation of GBV prevention and response among women with disability.
SISTEMA DE PROTEÇÃO DA REDE DE DISTRIBUIÇÃO DE ENERGIA ELÉTRICA
Authors: Wesley Silva Deivid , Florian Fabiana
Published: December 2022

A segurança da rede elétrica preocupa-se tanto com a integridade física dos componentes do sistema elétrico quanto com o bem-estar daqueles que operam nele ou em seu entorno. A distribuição de eletricidade é vulnerável a uma ampla variedade de modos de falha. Eletricidade gerada por descargas atmosféricas como raios, que podem causar danos à infraestrutura elétrica. Para ser eficiente, um sistema de proteção precisa ser adequadamente dimensionado, seguro, confiável, rápido, sensível a surtos e coordenado em sua seletividade. Neste sentido, objetivou-se mostrar dois tipos de ferramentas de proteção conhecidas como protetores de rede que foram projetadas computacionalmente. Para isso, nas redes de distribuição de energia elétrica, foram instalados protetores de rede para identificar a presença de fluxo reverso de potência nos transformadores de distribuição. Essas configurações de rede proporcionam grande estabilidade no fornecimento de energia devido ao uso de pelo menos duas alimentações principais. Um curto-circuito nos alimentadores primários se manifesta como uma inversão de corrente nos transformadores desta topologia. O fluxo reverso da falta se origina das contribuições da rede secundária das outras alimentações principais. Juntamente com a proteção de sobrecorrente dos alimentadores primários, o protetor de rede ajuda a isolar completamente o curto-circuito isolando os transformadores ligados ao alimentador ausente de suas conexões com a rede secundária. Concluiu-se que os protetores de rede modelados cumprem sua função adequadamente, o crescimento da geração dispersa pode levar a ações inadequadas por parte dos protetores de rede.
THE ROLE OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP FOR SUSTAINABLE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN AFRICA
Authors:   Department of Public Administration POMA University, Benin Republic, Ebong Kenneth
Published: December 2022

Entrepreneurship plays an influential role in the sustaining economic development and standard of living of a country and region. As a startup founder or small business owner, one may think that he is simply working hard to build his own business and provide for himself and immediate family. However, he is actually doing a whole lot more for his local community, state, region, and the country as a whole. The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of entrepreneurship to sustainable economic development: An empirical study on South-South regionof Nigeria.To achieve the objectives of the study the researcher employed descriptive research design for analysis; data was collected from both secondary and primary sources. Under primary source, 80 respondents from three selected Trading and Contracting companies in Port Harcourt through questionnaires. The paper adopted the Theory of Entrepreneurship. The theory was advanced by one famous scholar, Schumpeter. Schumpeter believes that creativity or innovation is the key factor in any entrepreneur’s field of specialization. The study was aiming to examine the contributions of entrepreneurship to sustainable economic development. The study revealed that entrepreneurship increases the employment level of the country and region, the productivity, and also makes considerable change in the living standards of those involved in the entrepreneurial activities. The researcher recommends that both the central and regional governments should establish centre for coordination of entrepreneurship and come up with policies and programs aimed at improving and encouraging entrepreneurial endeavours in Africa.
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN AFRICA: TOURISM FOR TRANSFORMATIVE AND INCLUSIVE GROWTH
Authors:   United Nations Conference on Trade and Development Trade and Development Board Sixty-fourth session Geneva, Switzerland, Grynspan Rebeca
Published: December 2022

Tourism – in terms of its contribution to the gross domestic product, employment, and trade – is an important sector in many African economies, and its growth is increasingly driven by tourists originating from the continent itself. However, most African countries still face significant challenges and constraints in exploiting the potential of tourism services in trade and economic development. The Economic Development in Africa Report 2017: Tourism for Transformative and Inclusive Growth examines the role that tourism can play in Africa’s development process. At a time when the continent is building its productive capacities, deepening regional integration, and pursuing economic diversification, tourism in Africa continues to grow. To better harness, the potential of the tourism sector to contribute to inclusive growth, structural transformation, and achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals, Africa should adopt policies that strengthen intersectoral linkages, boost intraregional tourism and promote peace.
EMPLOYEE MOBILITY AND INNOVATION OF SELECTED OIL AND GAS UPSTREAM COMPANIES IN NIGERIA
Authors:   Department of Business Administration and Marketing, School of Management Sciences, Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo, Nigeria, Ajani W , Asikhia O ,   Department of Business Administration and Marketing, School of Management Sciences, Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo, Nigeria, Akinlabi H ,   Department of Business Administration and Marketing, School of Management Sciences, Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo, Nigeria, Makinde G ,   Department of Business Administration and Marketing, School of Management Sciences, Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo, Nigeria
Published: December 2022

The study investigates employee mobility and innovation of selected upstream oil and gas companies in Nigeria. The objective was to establish the effect of employee mobility and innovation of selected upstream oil and gas companies in Nigeria using a survey research design. Three upstream oil and gas companies were surveyed using proportionate and stratified random sampling techniques. A total population of 9,437 regular and contract employees were investigated with a sample size of 807. The validity of the instrument was determined using content and construct validity while Cronbach Alpha was used to ascertain the reliability of the instrument. Multiple linear regression Analysis was used to analyse the hypothesis with the aid of Statistical Package for Social Science (V26.0). The study found that employee mobility through knowledge sharing, hedge relationships, and knowledge transfer have positive significant effect on innovation of selected upstream oil and gas companies in Nigeria. Findings further revealed that reward system has a negative significant effect on innovation of selected upstream oil and gas companies in Nigeria. It concluded that employee mobility promotes innovation of selected upstream oil and gas companies in Nigeria. Based on the findings, the study recommends that upstream oil and gas companies in Nigeria should take advantage of knowledge sharing, hedge relationships and knowledge transfer with high reward system to enhance innovation within the companies.
COVID-19’S IMPACT ON LEARNING LOSSES AND LEARNING INEQUALITY IN COLOMBIA
Authors:   Senior Fellow and Co-director  Center for Universal Education at Brookings, Vegas Emiliana
Published: December 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic’s toll on humanity worldwide cannot be overstated. To date, over 6 million deaths across the globe have been documented. Economic growth globally slowed down, and many more individuals fell into poverty. The World Bank estimates that, due to the pandemic, about 97 million more people are living in poverty, and the global poverty rate will increase from 7.8 to 9.1 percent. Even as the global economy is beginning to bounce back, the pandemic will lead to rising poverty and widening inequality across the world. Meanwhile, leading global institutions, as well as governments, have been primarily focused on mitigating the spread of COVID-19 through vaccines, tests and treatments, and fiscal and monetary policies to set the conditions needed for private investment, job creation, and economic growth. The urgent need to implement policies and programs to mitigate the lasting impacts of the COVID19 school closures on learning have received much less attention globally.
IMPLICATIONS OF PUBLIC SECTOR BUDGET DEFICIT FINANCING ON ECONOMIC GROWTH IN NIGERIA: 2003-2018
Authors:   Securities and Exchange Commission, Abuja, Nigeria, Nwankpa Ejike
Published: December 2022

This term paper titled: “Implications of public sector budget deficit financing on Economic growth in Nigeria” was carried out with the intention of ascertaining which financial options out of many financial alternative is the best for the Nigerian government. The research work gave considerations to the cost and risk associated to each finance option over the period 2003-2018.After review of several literatures and appropriate theories, the empirical analysis was carried out. The work employed regression analysis using log-linear of real GDP as the dependent variable and explanatory variables (Bank credit to government- BCG, Non-bank public credit - NBP, ways and means - WM, and external deficit financing - EXDF). The result revealed that budget financing through bank credit and Non-bank public are positively proportional to the growth rate of Nigerian economy. It further showed that financing through ways and means is inversely related to real GDP growth. The result for external financing exhibited inverse relationship with the growth rate of Nigerian economy but the coefficient of EXDF was not statistically significant. It was recommended that government should weigh the risks associated with external borrowing as well as consider the medium and long-term repercussions of a possible default on debt servicing.
EFFECTS OF ACCOUNTING INFORMATION SYSTEM ON THE SUSTAINABILITY OF SMEs IN LAGOS STATE, NIGERIA
Authors:   Lagos State University, Ojo, Lagos, Nigeria, Bolarinwa Sehilat , Babatunde Adeyemi ,   Lagos State University, Ojo, Lagos, Nigeria
Published: December 2022

The paper investigates the effects of accounting information systems on the sustainability of SMEs in a competitive environment. SMEs are known for inconsistent information preparation and presentation due to their lack of accountability skills the paper adopted a survey research design. However, the objectives of the paper are the investigation the relationship between the accounting information technology and decision making of SMEs; establish the relationships between the manual accounting system and the sustainability of SMEs, and examine the influence of the manual accounting system on accounting information of SMEs. Two research hypotheses were formulated and tested statistics tools such as regression and correlation tests and research questions formulated in line with the objective stated were formulated to achieve the aim of the study. Two hundred and ten copies (210) of a purposely designed questionnaire were distributed to the selected SMEs in Lagos state as of 31 December 2021 and analyzed using regression and correlation tests. Findings showed that there is a significant relationship between accounting information technology and the decision-making of SMEs. Also, there exists a significant relationship between the manual accounting system and the sustainability of SMEs in a competitive environment. The paper concludes that the application of accounting information systems significantly enhances the survival of SMEs in a competitive environment and should be harmonized with manual accounting systems. It was however recommended that software and hardware technologies should be used complementarily to generate quality accounting information for SMEs' decisions in Lagos State, Nigeria.
Penyebaran Spasial dan Potensi Tanaman Sagu (Metroxylon spp.) di Pulau Seram, Maluku
Authors: Botanri Samin , Prasetyo Lilik B , Kartono Agus P , Syahbuddin Haris
Published: December 2022

Sagu (Metroxylon spp.) merupakan komoditas dengan multifungsi.  Potensi paling  besar di dunia terdapat di Indonesia mencapai 50-60 %, namun pemanfaatannya masih kurang, baru sekitar 15-20 %. Penelitian bertujuan mengungkapkan penyebaran spasial, potensi luasan, jumlah tegakan, dan  potensi produksi  pati berbagai varietas/subvarietas tanaman sagu di Pulau Seram Provinsi Maluku. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Maret-Nopember 2009. Distribusi spasial ditetapkan melalui analisis klasifikasi terbimbing data citra Landsat-5TM, kemudian dilakukan verifikasi lapang menggunakan GPS.  Potensi sagu ditetapkan melalui survey ke tiga wilayah sampel yaitu Luhu, Sawai, dan Werinama. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa di Pulau Seram Provinsi Maluku terdapat luas areal tanaman sagu sebesar 18.239,8 ha. Penyebarannya membentuk klaster (pach) secara tidak merata, di dataran rendah, ketinggian ≤ 250 m dpl, pada lahan datar sampai curam dengan slope 0-40 %, pada tanah-tanah aluvium (Entisols dan Inceptisols), di pesisir pantai, dan dekat kiri-kanan sungai.   Potensi sagu di pulau ini mencapai 3,22 juta rumpun, pohon 1,47 juta individu, dan pohon panen ± 350 ribu individu. Sagu Tuni Becc. dan Sylvestre Becc. merupakan subvarietas dan varietas sagu dengan kapasitas produksi tinggi, mencapai 566,04 dan 560,68 kg/batang. Sedangkan kapasistas produksi sagu subvarietas Makanaro Becc. dan varietas Molat Becc. masing-masing hanya sekitar 245,21 dan 237,22 kg/batang.
Formation Principles and Change Factors of Korean Complex Predicate Constructions
Authors:   Morphology, Oh Gyu-hwan
Published: December 2022

Korean complex predicate constructions(henceforth CPCs) can be cross-classified with various types, according to case marker/particle realization, expandability of CPCs’ constituents, polysemy of CPCs’ noun, semantic bleaching degree of CPCs’ verbs/adjectives, etc. The wordhood of Korean CPCs vary depending on the types of CPCs. I accounted for the differences observed on the wordhood of Korean CPCs from the perspective of word-formation and described the synchronic formation and change of Korean CPCs. Korean CPCs are formed synchronically through the concatenative process that occurs when clauses are formed in the syntactic component or the substitutional process and concatenative process in the mental lexicon. Korean CPCs which are formed in the mental lexicon are more likely to be word-like, while CPCs which are formed in the syntactic component are more likely to phrase-like. Korean CPCs that are formed synchronically are used in the syntactic component and experiences formal, semantic, and categorial changes. The formal and semantic change of Korean CPCs are related to the realization of the case-marker/particle and metaphor/metonymy, respectively, and the categorial change of Korean CPCs is due to reanalysis. Because of these changes, I pointed out that the wordhood of the Korean CPCs may decrease or increase.
The Scope of Context Forming Lexical Meaning
Authors:   Morphology, Jeong Ye-Eun
Published: December 2022

This paper aims to clarify the scope of context forming lexical meaning by discussing the difference between literal and contextual meanings in the Korean lexicon from a pragmatic and sociolinguistic view. Literal meaning is the entailed meaning of the constituents, while contextual meaning is the implied meaning of the constituents, with the former including most subordinate compounds. In contextual meaning (α), there is temporary α as well as the more stabilized conventional α. Unlike conventional α that have already solidified into literal meaning, temporary α is actively being formed in both extralinguistic contexts, such as social stereotypes and personal variables, and intralinguistic contexts. The findings in this article can help systematically represent the mental process of context forming lexical meaning.
A review of Nakagawa(2020), Information Structure in Spoken Japanese: Particles, Word Order, and Intonation
Authors:   Morphology, Choi Yoonji
Published: December 2022

As a review of Nakagawa(2020), Information Structure in Spoken Japanese: Particles, Word Order, and Intonation, this article summarizes its main contents, points out its problems, and examines topics comparable to the Korean information structure. Nakagawa(2020) is mainly based on the analysis of the Corpus of Spontaneous Japanese, and uses the frame of referential information status which is a modified version of Prince(1981)’s assumed familiarity taxonomy and the category of topic and focus defined according to ‘controversiality’. The topic particles such as toiuno-wa, wa, COP-kedo/ga, and ∅ are shown to be distributed in different scopes of given-new taxonomy, and the focus particles such as ga, o, and ∅ are claimed to be correlated with the grammatical and semantic properties of NP and the type of focus. Topic and focus are claimed to appear clause-initially and right before the predicate, respectively, and to tend to be uttered in phrasal IUs (intonational units) and clausal IUs, respectively. We point out several problems of Nakagawa(2020) that it needs full discussion of discriminating topic and focus markers, more detailed description of the relationship between IUs and informational status, and reconsidering of so-called information-structure continuity principle. For comparative study of information structure of Korean and Japanese, we propose to investigate the relationship between case particles and focus, and to compare a Japanese topic marker toiuno-wa and a Korean topic marker (i)ran.
Uluslararası Çağdaş Türk Düşüncesinde Dinî İnançlar Çalış-tayı 30 Eylül - 1 Ekim 2022, Bursa
Authors: ÇOL Muhammet , APAK Mahir
Published: December 2022

Türk Dünyası 2022 Kültür Başkenti etkinlikleri çerçevesinde Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi ve Bursa Büyükşehir Belediyesi paydaşlığında 30 Eylül 2022 Cuma ve 1 Ekim 2022 Cumartesi tarihleri arasında Merinos AKKM Hüdavendigar Salonu ile Tayyare Kültür Merkezinde “Uluslararası Çağdaş Türk Düşüncesinde Dinî İnançlar Çalıştayı” düzenlendi. Açılış ve değerlendirmeyle birlikte 8 oturum kapsamında Orta Asya, Anadolu ve Balkanlar hattında teoriğe ve pratiğe dayalı olarak “modernite, deizm, ateizm, Selefîlik, tarihsellik, tasavvuf” gibi konulara dair bilgi şöleni gerçekleşti. İşte tarafımızdan yapılan söz konusu değerlendirme yazısı, çalıştayın içeriğine dair derli toplu bilgi sunmaktadır.
The historical ozone trends simulated with the SOCOLv4 and their comparison with observations and reanalyses
Authors: Karagodin-Doyennel Arseniy , Rozanov Eugene , Sukhodolov Timofei , Egorova Tatiana , Sedlacek Jan , Ball William , Peter Thomas
Published: December 2022

Abstract. There is evidence that the ozone layer has begun to recover owing to the ban on the production of halogenated ozone-depleting substances (hODS) accomplished by the Montreal Protocol and its amendments and adjustments (MPA). However, recent studies, while reporting an increase in tropospheric ozone from the anthropogenic NOx and CH4 and confirming the ozone recovery in the upper stratosphere from the effects of hODS, also indicate a continuing decline in the lower tropical and mid-latitudinal stratospheric ozone. While these are indications derived from observations, they are not reproduced by current global chemistry–climate models (CCMs), which show positive or near-zero trends for ozone in the lower stratosphere. This makes it difficult to robustly establish ozone evolution and has sparked debate about the ability of contemporary CCMs to simulate future ozone trends. We applied the new Earth system model (ESM) SOCOLv4 (SOlar Climate Ozone Links, version 4) to calculate long-term ozone trends between 1985–2018 and compare them with trends derived from the BAyeSian Integrated and Consolidated (BASIC) ozone composite and MERRA-2, ERA-5, and MSRv2 reanalyses. We designed the model experiment with a six-member ensemble to account for the uncertainty
of the natural variability. The trend analysis is performed separately for the ozone depletion (1985–1997) and ozone recovery (1998–2018) phases of the ozone evolution. Within the 1998–2018 period, SOCOLv4 shows statistically significant positive ozone trends in the mesosphere, upper and middle stratosphere, and a steady increase in the tropospheric ozone. The SOCOLv4 results also suggest slightly negative trends in the extra-polar lower stratosphere, yet they barely agree with the BASIC ozone composite in terms of magnitude and statistical significance. However, in some realizations of the SOCOLv4 experiment, the pattern of ozone trends in the lower stratosphere resembles much of what is observed, suggesting that SOCOLv4 may be able to reproduce the observed trends in this region. Thus, the model results reveal marginally significant negative ozone changes in parts of the low-latitude lower stratosphere, which agrees in general with the negative tendencies extracted from the satellite data composite. Despite the slightly smaller significance and magnitude of the simulated ensemble mean, we confirm that modern CCMs such as SOCOLv4 are generally capable of simulating the observed ozone changes, justifying their use to project the future evolution of the ozone layer.