bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Implementation of TOD Concept on Gondangdia Station Area and the Influence on Menteng Heritage Area
Authors: Tohjiwa A D , Amartya M H P P
Published: December 2023

The Gondangdia Station area is one of the areas where the TOD concept development has been implemented in Jakarta. This station is located in the Menteng area which is a cultural heritage area. This study aims to explain the application of the TOD concept in the Gondangdia Station area physically and see its impact on the Menteng cultural heritage area. Search data using a field survey method by observing the urban environment along a radius of 1 kilometer from Gondangdia Station. The data analysis is based on the evaluation of 8 aspects of TOD from ITDP and looks at the effect of the implementation of the TOD on the Menteng cultural heritage area. The results showed that of the eight aspects of TOD that were evaluated, most of them were available, but not all aspects met the existing provisions. Aspects that need to be completed and improved are transit facilities, bicycle lanes, and activity zoning integration (mixed land use). The existence of TOD-based development in the Menteng cultural heritage area generally has a positive impact on accessibility and environmental improvement. Unfortunately, the historical buildings there are less integrated with other TOD elements.
Analysis of flooding and nature-based solutions in the improvement of urban drainage system
Authors: Wijayanti Yureana , Julianto Andreas , Cahyono Christian , Juliastuti  , Setyandito Oki
Published: December 2023

This paper studies the drainage system performance of a conventional system with concrete channels and a retention pond. Also, the analysis of runoff reduction by implementing a nature-based solutions (NBSs) technique of rainwater harvesting and recharge well. The case study site is located in an industrial area in West Karawang City, West Java. The analysis was carried out by simulating the flood event using rainfall data from the site for a 10-year return period. The flood simulation was performed using the Storm Water Management Model (SWMM). The model consists of the analysis of flooding events in the drainage system and retention pond and the analysis of flooding prevention scenarios. The result reveals that the cause of the flooding is an extreme rainfall event which leads to the large accumulation of water at one junction point. Moreover, although the capacity of the retention pond is sufficient, the discharge rate is way larger than the infiltration rate, so the overflow occurred and resulted in flooding. The scenario of widening the drainage channel and installing a pump in the retention pond provides a good solution scenario to prevent flooding. The implementation of rainwater harvesting and recharge well could reduce the surface runoff volume of 21%. Further study should be conducted to analyze the combination of conventional and NBSs drainage system performance under the highest daily rainfall of the series.
Clayshale Stabilization Using Liquid Calcium Carbonate to Increase Soil Shear Strength
Authors: Agung P A M , Lutfiyani H , Hasan M F R , Salimah A’isyah
Published: December 2023

Clayshale is a material that often causes various stability and bearing capacity problems in geotechnical engineering structures because it tends to weather and slake relatively quickly. This causes clayshale to be often not used during construction. Therefore, it is necessary to stabilize the clayshale. This study aims to determine the effect of adding variations in the levels of liquid calcium carbonate to the clayshale shear parameters. Physical and mechanical properties were tested on the original remoulded clayshale and samples with additional variations of 1M and 2M liquid CaCO3. Based on laboratory testing, the original clayshale samples had LL values of 37.9%, PL 14.6%, IP 23.3%, Gs 2.617, OMC 13.67%, γdry 1.762 gr/cm3. The addition of CaCO3 has been proven to increase the Gs value and reduce the plasticity index of the clayshale. After the Triaxial UU test, the clayshale sample in remoulded condition has a c value of 0.171 kg/cm2 and φ 8.33°. While the clayshale sample with 2M CaCO3 substitution as much as 80% OMC value which has been cured for three days increased the most optimum c and φ values, respectively 0.289 kg/cm2 and 11.13°. This shows that the addition of liquid CaCO3 can be used as a clayshale stabilization agent because it can increase the value of the shear parameter and improve the clayshale properties.
Artificial Lighting’s Relation to Visitors’ Activity Place in Coffee Shops: An Analysis
Authors: Novrial  , Hidayat H F , Affif A M
Published: December 2023

Artificial lighting is lighting that comes from manufactured light sources such as lamps. To make the room comfortable and function properly, the lighting must be able to accommodate various activities in the space. This study aimed to determine the relationship of artificial lighting to the visitor’s activity in coffee shops. The artificial lighting studied included light intensity, light color temperature, and lighting distribution. The results of the data collected were then analyzed using descriptive analysis methods. The study’s results indicate that artificial lighting affects the visitor’s activity. Areas with higher light intensity, light color within the white spectrum, and a more even light distribution have more activity variety.
Office Green Building Modeling Based on EDGE and SketchUp Applications
Authors: Hariyani D S , Safitri R
Published: December 2023

The importance of the concept of sustainable development and its application in office green buildings, since in the design process, since the modeling of 3D buildings with decisions on design elements applied in the finished building the office building as a one of commercial building type which require a slightly approach to productivity.

The purpose of the study is to find out what factors determine office green buildings by using the EDGE and Sketch Up applications. EDGE is a green building simulation and SketchUp is 3D building modelling tool.

This research is expected to strengthen the quality of the learning process in the implementation of an efficient design of energy use with the concept of orientation for the realization of green buildings in design. This research uses mix methods, which use of quantitative methods for simulation on SketchUp dan EDGE application, and use of qualitative methods for its advanced stage in an analysis that explains narratively and descriptively. Building modelling factors for SketchUp application are building dimensions, orientations, layout and openings. Design factors for EDGE application are the efficiency of water, electricity and Embodied Energy (EE) use in materials.

EDGE application simulations show active and passive building design that high impact intervention on this building are passive cooling and ventilation design, daylighting, lighting control, low energy lighting, high efficiency chillers such as ground source heat pumps and solar PVs on roof which could generate significant energy.
Bioclimatic Architecture in Madurese Vernacular House as an Eco-Energy Dwelling of the Past: Case Study of Bangsal Budaggan House
Authors: Nugroho Agung Murti , Citraningrum Andika , Iyati Wasiska
Published: December 2023

Bioclimatic architecture is a method of adapting to the climate and utilizing natural elements of the local environment. In hot and humid tropical climates, this can be seen through natural shading and cooling strategies or known as eco-energy, especially in vernacular buildings. This paper aims to identify the bioclimatic architecture of the Madurese Vernacular House to develop passive design knowledge through visual observation techniques and measurement of the thermal environment as a form of eco-energy dwellings. The visual observation method was used to find the level of suitability of the bioclimatic design. The technique of measuring temperature and humidity outside and inside the building was used to evaluate the comfort of the thermal environment of eco-energy dwellings in the case study of the Bangsal Budaggan House, Pamekasan, Madura. The appropriate bioclimatic design elements in the Budaggan Ward House are the orientation of the building mass and openings, placement and form of open-plan dwelling; number, size, and type of windows; ample roof space. The evaluation of the eco-energy strategy (passive design) shows good cooling performance characterized by a comfortable average air temperature (28.1°C in the dwelling area), a decreased air temperature (0.7°C in the dwelling area), and a longer comfortable period (11 hours). Further development for eco-energy dwellings design in Bangsal Budaggan House can be done by improving the shading elements, materials, transition spaces, colors, and floor elevations.
Scale Model Studies of Different Ventilation Strategies for Tropical Public Housing in Surabaya
Authors: Antaryama I G N , Ekasiwi S N N , Erwindi C
Published: December 2023

The present study explores applying different ventilation strategies for public housing in Surabaya through a scale physical model. Previous studies indicate that natural ventilation alone is insufficient for alleviating discomfort in warm-humid climates. Many studies have been carried out concerning this topic but rarely evaluated performance comparison among different strategies in the low-to-middle residential unit. The present study aimed to analyze the influence of varying ventilation strategies on the thermal condition of the internal space of public housing in Surabaya. Three strategies, i.e., naturally induced ventilation, fan-induced ventilation, and direct evaporative cooling, were included in the study. Thermal condition in the models was then recorded and analyzed. The study shows that fan-induced ventilation and direct evaporative cooling can reduce indoor air temperature. Regarding the detrimental impact of humidity on comfort, natural and fan-induced ventilation will be sufficient to promote a tolerable indoor environment.
Earth Surface Temperature Variation at Sultan Idris Education University Campus, Malaysia
Authors: Nayan N , Hashim M , Saleh Y , Mahat H , Luyan M H , Khotimah N , Sanjoto Tjaturahono Budi
Published: December 2023

Temperature changes are linked to climate change through the annual increase in the earth’s temperature by a few degrees Celsius over the past few million years. This study aims to identify the earth’s surface temperature in the Sultan Abdul Jalil Shah Campus, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris (UPSI). Temperature data comes from fieldwork in the morning (10:30 AM), noon (2:30 PM), and evening (5:30 PM). The analysis tool used is a thermal anemometer. The result shows that the variety of surface temperatures for the morning is high (max=38.7°C, min=31.4°C) and low in the evening (max=31.6°C, min= 26.8°C). Areas on the campus experience high temperatures in the morning and decrease towards the evening. Tanjung Malim, close to the Titiwangsa Range, plays a role in moderating the temperature macro-wise.In conclusion, the micro-temperature also depends on the characteristics of a place, such as if the area is open without plants, for example, a football field. The temperature will also rise and varies from the other Malaysia University Campus depending on the location and physical characteristic. This micro-temperature study can lead to planning to reduce the surface temperature by creating areas of vegetation in a smaller environment and then being able to micro-control the temperature.
Land Cover Change and Fragmentation Analysis in Sintang Regency, West Kalimantan, Indonesia
Authors: Ardha M J , Karuniasa M
Published: December 2023

The increasing number of human populations and their needs have driven changes in forest cover to become infrastructure, agricultural land, and plantations. Sintang Regency has a natural forest structure upstream of the Kapuas River and the Kayan River, which the local community uses for transportation and sources of livelihood. In this study, we wanted to analyze the level of fragmentation in Sintang Regency. We used landcover data in the mapping periods of 2010, 2015, and 2020, with MoEF classification—fragmentation analysis using ArcGIS 10.6 and FRAGSTATS v4.2.1 software at class and patch levels analysis. The result showed decreased natural forest while estate crop and mining increased. As an impact of decreasing forest area, it also reduced the total core area and connectivity; the intact forest > 50,000 ha was isolated in 2020. The fragmentation of forests will impact reduced habitat for wildlife and loss of ecological function of the landscape.
Integration of Local Capacity Building in Countering False Information about Disaster Into Community-based Disaster Risk Management
Authors: Asteria Donna , Surpi Ni Kadek , Brotosusilo Agus , Sukwatus Suja’i Imam
Published: December 2023

Efforts to prevent the spread of disaster false information through social media are significant to anticipate by stakeholders, especially in communities. The current climate change condition causes many disasters, so this effort is essential so that holistic disaster management can be carried out. Although social media can support the acceleration of information about disasters, spreading false information will cause anxiety, fear, and wrong decision-making to prepare and be resilient to disasters. This study aims to describe the integration of local capacity building in dealing with false information about disasters into community-based disaster risk management. The research uses a qualitative approach by conducting secondary data analysis and an integrative literature review. The findings from this study are the importance of increasing capacity building in the selection and preventing the spread of false information about disasters with local reinforcement. One way for capacity building that can be done is through digital literacy education. In the disaster preparation and mitigation phase, digital literacy in the community is a priority in preparing to deal with disaster risk. The contribution of this study can be an alternative for holistic disaster management efforts and disaster communication evaluation for coordination and partnership with other stakeholders.
The Architecture of Medical and Health Research Buildings and Complexes as The Basis of Sustainable Development
Authors: Bulakh Iryna
Published: December 2023

The article deals with the architectural design features of buildings and complexes for medical research. The development of science is a priority for most countries, as it contributes to the overall progress and development of innovative solutions. However, to create a favorable atmosphere for it, several conditions must be met: professional and motivated scientists, special equipment, and, no less importantly, a building (or a complex) whose architecture inspires and promotes innovative scientific activities. The article aims to analyze the progressive worldwide experience in the architectural design of medical research buildings and complexes and, on this basis, to formulate the appropriate design principles. Several methods were used for the research: analysis of scientific publications and conference proceedings, search and analysis of the architecture of medical research buildings and complexes, systematization and analysis of general and individual architectural solutions, identification of patterns and features, final analysis and formation of architectural principles for innovative solutions. The article proposes the main design principles recommended for architectural design, especially for medical research. The most important are the following principles: visual innovation, flexibility, openness of the design structure, maximum use of sunlight, and sustainable development.
Towards Coastal Community Access to Clean Water: Waterfront Settlement, Bumi Waras District, Lampung
Authors: Putri Husna Tiara , Putri Kirana Syuritha
Published: December 2023

Urbanization in coastal areas is driving urban expansion towards coastal water. Many of these areas need more adequate settlements with limited access to basic needs, one of which can be found in Bumi Waras District, Bandar Lampung. As one of the basic needs, providing clean water access must be done to ensure a better quality of life for the community. So, the research aims to identify the accessibility of clean water for coastal waterfront settlement communities in Bumi Waras District. Data was collected through a primary survey: observation, interviews, and questionnaires to 97 people and analyzed using descriptive analysis to describe the condition of access to clean water in the study area. Based on the analysis, no problems were related to clean water supply. Even though they live in an inadequate and challenging location, the community has good access to clean water. The role of local government and informal actors in Bumi Waras District is significant in meeting clean water needs.
Improving Electricity Efficiency by DC Power Transmission: A Case Study in Vietnamese Mining
Authors: Giang Nguyen Truong , Do Nhu Y , Phuc Tran Huu , Khanh Nguyen Thac , Cuong Ngo Xuan
Published: December 2023

The exploitation and use of fossil fuels, including coal, to promote socio-economic development is taking place firmly, including in Vietnam. Vietnam’s mining industry is getting deeper and deeper, and the degree of mechanization is increasing, making electricity consumption even bigger. The efficient use of electricity to reduce the power consumption per ton of mined coal significantly improves labor productivity, reduces environmental emissions, and moves towards sustainable socio-economic development. For mining in Vietnam today, electricity is still transmitted by AC, causing undesirable consequences that reduce the efficiency of electricity use. To overcome the above problems, it is possible to use DC power transmission. The content of the article analyzes the use of DC power transmission in mining in Vietnam based on simulation modeling methods using Matlab-Simulink software to improve power efficiency, reduce environmental emissions, and move towards sustainable development.
Effects of spot size on the operation mode of GaAs photoconductive semiconductor switch employing extrinsic photoconductivity
Authors: WEI 韦 Jinhong 金红 , LI 李 Song 嵩 , CHEN 陈 Hong 红 , ZENG 曾 Fanzheng 凡正 , JIA 贾 Chenglin 成林 , FU 付 Zebin 泽斌 , GE 葛 Xingjun 行军 , QIAN 钱 Baoliang 宝良
Published: December 2023

To guide the illuminating design to improve the on-state performances of gallium arsenide (GaAs) photoconductive semiconductor switch (PCSS), the effect of spot size on the operation mode of GaAs PCSS based on a semi-insulating wafer with a thickness of 1 mm, triggered by a 1064-nm extrinsic laser beam with the rectangular spot, has been investigated experimentally. It is found that the variation of the spot size in length and width can act on the different parts of the output waveform integrating the characteristics of the linear and nonlinear modes, and then significantly boosts the PCSS toward different operation modes. On this basis, a two-channel model containing the active and passive parts is introduced to interpret the relevant influencing mechanisms. Results indicate that the increased spot length can peak the amplitude of static domains in the active part to enhance the development of the nonlinear switching, while the extended spot width can change the distribution of photogenerated carriers on both parts to facilitate the linear switching and weaken the nonlinear switching, which have been proved by comparing the domain evolutions under different spot sizes.
Reconstructing the Lives of Urban Craftspeople in Archaic and Classical Greece
Authors: Murray Sarah C
Published: December 2023

This chapter considers the evidence available to scholars hoping to reconstruct the lives of ancient Greek urban workers, with a focus on the group of people called banausoi: non-agricultural, skilled workers who produced durable goods to make a living. It begins by reviewing the textual evidence for the role of craftworkers in Greek society. It argues that, while we may read about these workers in ancient textual sources, these sources are unlikely to allow us to reconstruct the lives of these individuals with fidelity. Instead, we may glimpse the values and voices of workers from ancient Greece most clearly by looking at the epigraphic and material records, especially the remains of workshops and workers’ tools. The chapter also explores what material evidence can reveal about the spaces where banausoi worked and the objects that surrounded them and considers what ritual and belief systems that Greek urban workers may have followed based on evidence from dedications and curse tablets in urban and rural sanctuary spaces.
Demography, behavior, and morphology of the Northern Barrens tiger beetle, Cicindela patruela patruela (Coleoptera: Carabidae), on Île-aux-Allumettes, Quebec
Authors: Kelly Clint D , Gagnon Roxanne , Larrivée Maxime , Saint-Germain Michel
Published: December 2023

The Northern Barrens tiger beetle (Cicindela patruela patruela, Dejean 1825) (Coleoptera: Carabidae) is globally rare and endangered in Canada. We know very little about this species’ behavioral ecology and despite there being only 2 remaining populations in Canada, we know very little about either’s demography. Here, we use capture–mark–recapture methods to estimate population size and movement of individuals on Île-aux-Allumettes (Quebec, Canada). We found that the population on Île-aux-Allumettes is small—approximately 102 individuals—but this appears to be typical for this species and tiger beetles in general. Beetles on Île-aux-Allumettes traveled approximately 33 m per day with no observed difference between the sexes in mobility. We did not find any morphological correlates of mobility, but we did find that females are significantly wider, but not longer, than males. Because the number of C. p. patruela on Île-aux-Allumettes is small and the population is isolated, we recommend that managers continue to monitor the population and consider translocations to augment population numbers and to reduce the negative consequences of demographic and genetic stochasticity, such as inbreeding.
Leafhoppers as vectors of phytoplasma diseases in Canadian berry crops: a review in the face of climate change
Authors: Almeida Santos Abraão , Jacques Jordanne , Plante Nicolas , Fournier Valérie , Pérez-López Edel
Published: December 2023

Climate change has facilitated the introduction, establishment, and movement of invasive species in northern regions, enabling the colonization of previously unsuitable areas. While the responses of insects to these changes have been increasingly studied, our understanding of how such alterations impact trophic interactions still requires further research to make reliable predictions about the spread of diseases in a warming world. Phytoplasmas, a group of obligate parasitic unculturable Mollicutes, primarily rely on leafhoppers (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) for transmission, spread, and survival. Phytoplasmas are associated with over 600 diseases affecting more than 1,000 plant species, including berries, grapevines, and other small fruits. In North America, diseases such as grapevine yellows, blueberry stunt, and strawberry green petal diseases have been linked to phytoplasma strains transmitted by known leafhopper species. However, the number of phytoplasma diseases has significantly increased in North America over the past decade, suggesting the presence of unidentified vectors or an abundance of leafhopper vectors. This short review provides an overview of the current knowledge on leafhoppers as vectors of phytoplasmas to berries, focusing on the last decade’s research in Canada. This paper also explores the potential implications of climate change on this pathosystem, including the anticipated range expansion of leafhopper species, changes in phytoplasma acquisition and transmission, and the risk of new leafhopper-transmitted plant-pathogen introductions through the arrival of new leafhopper species.
A benchmark study on current GWAS models in admixed populations
Authors: Yang Zikun , Cieza Basilio , Reyes-Dumeyer Dolly , Montesinos Rosa , Soto-Añari Marcio , Custodio Nilton , Tosto Giuseppe
Published: December 2023

Objective

The performances of popular genome-wide association study (GWAS) models have not been examined yet in a consistent manner under the scenario of genetic admixture, which introduces several challenging aspects: heterogeneity of minor allele frequency (MAF), wide spectrum of case–control ratio, varying effect sizes, etc.

Methods

We generated a cohort of synthetic individuals (N = 19 234) that simulates (i) a large sample size; (ii) two-way admixture (Native American and European ancestry) and (iii) a binary phenotype. We then benchmarked three popular GWAS tools [generalized linear mixed model associated test (GMMAT), scalable and accurate implementation of generalized mixed model (SAIGE) and Tractor] by computing inflation factors and power calculations under different MAFs, case–control ratios, sample sizes and varying ancestry proportions. We also employed a cohort of Peruvians (N = 249) to further examine the performances of the testing models on (i) real genetic and phenotype data and (ii) small sample sizes.

Results

In the synthetic cohort, SAIGE performed better than GMMAT and Tractor in terms of type-I error rate, especially under severe unbalanced case–control ratio. On the contrary, power analysis identified Tractor as the best method to pinpoint ancestry-specific causal variants but showed decreased power when the effect size displayed limited heterogeneity between ancestries. In the Peruvian cohort, only Tractor identified two suggestive loci (P-value $\le 1\ast{10}^{-5}$) associated with Native American ancestry.

Discussion

The current study illustrates best practice and limitations for available GWAS tools under the scenario of genetic admixture. Incorporating local ancestry in GWAS analyses boosts power, although careful consideration of complex scenarios (small sample sizes, imbalance case–control ratio, MAF heterogeneity) is needed.
IBC-Oxford University2023_BJSPoster_1Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy in a Patient with Severe Haemophilia A
Authors: Alhaifi M , Abdelhamid I
Published: December 2023

Introduction

Haemophilia A is an X linked inherited bleeding disorder caused by deficiency in coagulation factor VIII (FV III). To prevent spontaneous bleeding in muscles and joints, patients with severe Haemophilia A should receive prophylactic replacement therapy with dosing adjusted according to body weight.

Case presentation

A 19-year-old male patient who is well known to have Haemophilia A, that has been diagnosed shortly after birth during routine circumcision. The patient had presented to our clinic with BMI of 53.9 kg/m2. He was counselled for laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy after failure of many trials to lose weight. He and his father were counselled for procedure pros and cons. Routine preoperative work up had been performed (Full labs, Abdomen Ultrasound, Dietician consultation, Anaesthesia consultation, Cardiology consultation). Haematological consultation had been done and consultant opinion was to give prophylactic factor VIII 7500 IU: 2 hours prior to surgery, 24 hours after surgery, 72 hours after surgery Extra precaution had been taken in the perioperative period in the form of careful cannulation, IM injections had been avoided completely, no anticoagulants, 1:1 Nursing care, careful patient handling and positioning, continuous monitoring (planned ICU admission for first 24 hours then HDU admission for 48 hours), senior Anaesthetist and senior Anaesthesia technician, on-table gastroscopy, smooth bougie tube placement (size 36F), careful haemostasis by way of slow Harmonic sealing, clipping of short gastrics, 1 minute stapler compression (All green reloads), full stapler line plication and omental patching, maintenance of stable blood pressure during surgery. Patient had an uneventful postoperative recovery, apart from mild bilateral subconjunctival haemorrhages that had subsided spontaneously.

Conclusion

Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy can be performed smoothly in patients with Haemophilia A with proper perioperative multidisciplinary care management.
IBC-Oxford University2023_BJSPoster_3Mini-Gastric Bypass, One Anastomosis Gastric Bypass, Tailored Biliopancreatic, Bypass vs. Weight Loss
Authors: Rutledge R , Kular K S , Manchanda N , Hamza Y
Published: December 2023

Introduction

Studies of different Bariatric procedures have resulted in conflicting findings on the effects of the surgery on daily Dietary Food Choices (DFCs.) Some suggest a pure volume effect, others report changes in type and preferences and still others suggest the effects change over time. The Biliopancreatic Limb (BPL) length in the One Anastomosis Gastric Bypass (OAGB), Mini-Gastric Bypass-Original Technique (MGB-OT) version, includes a "tailored" BPL length. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between BPL length and DFCs in patients undergoing MGB-OT. The primary hypothesis was that the changes in dietary habits and food choices would be related to the BPL length in the MGB-OT.

Methods

Data from a long term online patient survey including MGB-OT patients were collected including basic demographics, MGB-OT BPL length, patient reported DFCs and weight loss classes. Linear regression modelling was used to assess the relative association between BPL length with various mean patient reported DFCs and a composite model of Food Choices.

Results

286 patients had responses for evaluation. Patients with BPL lengths of 3 to 9 ft (92-274cm) were selected. As reported in prior publications, patient reported mean weight loss classes varied linearly related to BPL length. The mean "Bad" Food Choices (BFC) declined from 5.7/day to 2.0/day. The mean composite "Bad" food choices declined from a mean of 2,070 DFCs per year to an estimated 745. There was a strong linear relation between BPL length and the decline in mean "Bad" daily food choices. (y=-0.3x-3, R2 = 0.7, p<0.05.)

Conclusions

The present study of mean patient reported DFC outcomes following a "Tailored" BPL length in the MGB-OT version of the OAGB declined substantially. The patient dietary food choices for fried foods, sugar sweetened beverages, processed meats and junk foods all declined. These changes were linearly related to the Bilio-pancreatic limb length. In cases of the MGB-OT a longer Bilio-pancreatic Limb Length was associated with greater weight loss and a greater improvement in daily Dietary Food Choices. If confirmed by other studies the possibility of tailoring the power of a bariatric operation based upon BPL length seems like an important advancement in bariatric surgery.
IBC-Oxford University2023_BJSPoster_6Management of Gastrointestinal Obstruction due to Internal Hernia after Bariatric Metabolic Surgery
Authors: Sabry K
Published: December 2023

Background

Gastrointestinal obstructions after bariatric metabolic surgery are uncommon. They could occur in the form of internal hernias, and port site hernia as we will present in this presentation.

Objectives

This work aims to introduce novel techniques for managing gastrointestinal obstructions after bariatric metabolic surgery.

Methods

This case-series study presents 3 cases with different types of gastrointestinal obstructions after bariatric surgery and the management plan.

Results

The postoperative results in 3 patients were uneventful, with excellent recovery.

Conclusion

All types of gastrointestinal obstructions which frequently occur in general surgery could also happen after bariatric surgery. So, we must respect patient complaints even if the investigations are not conclusive, and we have to respect also rare cases of obstruction related to bariatric surgery.
IBC-Oxford University2023_BJSPoster_15Safety and Efficacy of Simultaneous Repair of Ventral Hernias at the time of the Bariatric surgery
Authors: Salih Kasapoglu I
Published: December 2023

Introduction

Obesity is one of the main contributors for the development of Ventral hernias. Controversies exist about the timing of the repair; those with simultaneous repair of Ventral hernia at time of obesity surgery studied regarding it is safety and efficacy.

Materials and Methods

Retrospective analysis of the patients undertaken hernial repair at the same time with bariatric surgery using V loc suture without the use of the meshes including - age, sex, BMI, size of the hernia, type of bariatric surgery, postoperative complications, and recurrence of the hernia,

Results

During the period 2018-2023 of 1500 patients undergoing bariatric surgery; 60 patients (48 females and 12 males) with Ventral hernias (40 umbilical or paraumbilical and 20 incisional hernias (18 midline and 2 Right para median). Regarding the type of the procedure (Sleeve Gastrectomy= 52, Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass=2, SASI=2, MGB-OAGB=1, TB=1 and Revisional surgery 2 patients. Average BMI was 41, hospital stay 2 nights, no major postoperative complications and hernia recurrence occurred in one patient.

Conclusions

Ventral hernias can be repaired at the time of Bariatric Surgery safely and effectively using V Loc suture, however further studies must be done to support the study.
Exploring apolipoprotein C-III: pathophysiological and pharmacological relevance
Authors: Packard Chris J , Pirillo Angela , Tsimikas Sotirios , Ference Brian A , Catapano Alberico L
Published: December 2023

The availability of pharmacological approaches able to effectively reduce circulating LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) has led to a substantial reduction in the risk of atherosclerosis-related cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, a residual cardiovascular (CV) risk persists in treated individuals with optimal levels of LDL-C. Additional risk factors beyond LDL-C are involved, and among these, elevated levels of triglycerides (TGs) and TG-rich lipoproteins are causally associated with an increased CV risk. Apolipoprotein C-III (apoC-III) is a key regulator of TG metabolism and hence circulating levels through several mechanisms including the inhibition of lipoprotein lipase activity and alterations in the affinity of apoC-III-containing lipoproteins for both the hepatic receptors involved in their removal and extracellular matrix in the arterial wall. Genetic studies have clarified the role of apoC-III in humans, establishing a causal link with CVD and showing that loss-of-function mutations in the APOC3 gene are associated with reduced TG levels and reduced risk of coronary heart disease. Currently available hypolipidaemic drugs can reduce TG levels, although to a limited extent. Substantial reductions in TG levels can be obtained with new drugs that target specifically apoC-III; these include two antisense oligonucleotides, one small interfering RNA and an antibody.
Southern pine beetle (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and its associated insect community: similarities and key differences between northeastern and southeastern pine forests
Authors: Kanaskie Caroline R , Dodds Kevin J , Stephen Fred M , Garnas Jeff R
Published: December 2023

We examine consequences of climate-induced range expansion on community composition and diversity within trees attacked by the southern pine beetle (Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann). At the northernmost limit of the southern pine beetle range where populations have persisted for multiple years (currently Long Island, NY), we collected and reared bark samples and placed emergence traps on southern pine beetle-attacked pitch pine, Pinus rigida Mill. (Pinales: Pinaceae). From these samples, we quantified southern pine beetle gallery length and emergence as well as the diversity and abundance of all associated insects including known and suspected competitors, predators, and parasitoids. We compared our results to that of historic sampling data (1975–1997) in the core of southern pine beetle’s range in the southern United States. Key community members were present in both the northern and southern regions; composition and relative abundances differed markedly. A key predator, the clerid beetle Thanasimus dubius (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Cleridae), was present in similar densities in both regions. Southern pine beetle infested a greater proportion of the length of the tree bole in the North. This increased tree utilization may be a consequence of a lack of resource competition by Ips De Geer (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) engraver beetles, which we found only in very low abundance in the northern sites. We discuss the implications of these results in the context of southern pine beetle range expansion. Continued study of the southern pine beetle community and temporal southern pine beetle dynamics in the North will add to our current knowledge base and aid preservation of rare and ecologically valuable pine barrens of New England.
Oral glucose has little or no effect on appetite and satiety sensations despite a significant gastrointestinal response
Authors: Lauritsen Julius V , Bergmann Natasha , Junker Anders E , Gyldenløve Mette , Skov Lone , Gluud Lise L , Hartmann Bolette , Holst Jens J , Vilsbøll Tina , Knop Filip K
Published: December 2023

Objective

The effect of oral glucose-induced release of gastrointestinal hormones on satiety and appetite independently of prevailing plasma glucose excursions is unknown. The objective is to investigate the effect of oral glucose on appetite and satiety sensations as compared to isoglycemic IV glucose infusion (IIGI) in healthy volunteers.

Design

A crossover study involving two study days for each participant.

Participants

Nineteen healthy participants (6 women, mean age 55.1 [SD 14.2] years; mean body mass index 26.7 [SD 2.2] kg/m2).

Interventions

Each participant underwent a 3-h 50-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and, on a subsequent study day, an IIGI mimicking the glucose excursions from the OGTT. On both study days, appetite and satiety were indicated regularly on visual analog scale (VAS), and blood was drawn regularly for measurement of pancreatic and gut hormones.

Primary outcomes

Difference in appetite and satiety sensations during OGTT and IIGI.

Results

Circulating concentrations of glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (P < .0001), glucagon-like peptide 1 (P < .0001), insulin (P < .0001), C-peptide (P < .0001), and neurotensin (P = .003) increased significantly during the OGTT as compared to the IIGI, whereas glucagon responses were similarly suppressed (P = .991). Visual analog scale-assessed ratings of hunger, satiety, fullness, thirst, well-being, and nausea, respectively, were similar during OGTT and IIGI whether assessed as mean 0–3-h values or area under the curves. For both groups, a similar, slow increase in appetite and decrease in satiation were observed. Area under the curve, for prospective food consumption (P = .049) and overall appetite score (P = .044) were slightly lower during OGTT compared to IIGI, whereas mean 0–3-h values were statistically similar for prospective food consumption (P = .053) and overall appetite score (P = .063).

Conclusions

Despite eliciting robust responses of appetite-reducing and/or satiety-promoting gut hormones, we found that oral glucose administration has little or no effect on appetite and satiety as compared to an IIGI, not affecting the release of appetite-modulating hormones.

Trial registry no

ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01492283 and NCT06064084.
Active natural compounds perturb the melanoma risk-gene network
Authors: Shao Luying , Zhao Yibo , Heinrich Michael , Prieto-Garcia Jose M , Manzoni Claudia
Published: December 2023

Cutaneous melanoma is an aggressive type of skin cancer with a complex genetic landscape caused by the malignant transformation of melanocytes. This study aimed at providing an in silico network model based on the systematic profiling of the melanoma-associated genes considering germline mutations, somatic mutations, and genome-wide association study signals accounting for a total of 232 unique melanoma risk genes. A protein–protein interaction network was constructed using the melanoma risk genes as seeds and evaluated to describe the functional landscape in which the melanoma genes operate within the cellular milieu. Not only were the majority of the melanoma risk genes able to interact with each other at the protein level within the core of the network, but this showed significant enrichment for genes whose expression is altered in human melanoma specimens. Functional annotation showed the melanoma risk network to be significantly associated with processes related to DNA metabolism and telomeres, DNA damage and repair, cellular ageing, and response to radiation. We further explored whether the melanoma risk network could be used as an in silico tool to predict the efficacy of anti-melanoma phytochemicals, that are considered active molecules with potentially less systemic toxicity than classical cytotoxic drugs. A significant portion of the melanoma risk network showed differential expression when SK-MEL-28 human melanoma cells were exposed to the phytochemicals harmine and berberine chloride. This reinforced our hypothesis that the network modeling approach not only provides an alternative way to identify molecular pathways relevant to disease but it may also represent an alternative screening approach to prioritize potentially active compounds.
Phylogenetic and Protein Structure Analyses Provide Insight into the Evolution and Diversification of the CD36 Domain “Apex” among Scavenger Receptor Class B Proteins across Eukarya
Authors: Boohar Reed T , Vandepas Lauren E , Traylor-Knowles Nikki , Browne William E
Published: December 2023

The cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36) domain defines the characteristic ectodomain associated with class B scavenger receptor (SR-B) proteins. In bilaterians, SR-Bs play critical roles in diverse biological processes including innate immunity functions such as pathogen recognition and apoptotic cell clearance, as well as metabolic sensing associated with fatty acid uptake and cholesterol transport. Although previous studies suggest this protein family is ancient, SR-B diversity across Eukarya has not been robustly characterized. We analyzed SR-B homologs identified from the genomes and transcriptomes of 165 diverse eukaryotic species. The presence of highly conserved amino acid motifs across major eukaryotic supergroups supports the presence of a SR-B homolog in the last eukaryotic common ancestor. Our comparative analyses of SR-B protein structure identify the retention of a canonical asymmetric beta barrel tertiary structure within the CD36 ectodomain across Eukarya. We also identify multiple instances of independent lineage-specific sequence expansions in the apex region of the CD36 ectodomain—a region functionally associated with ligand-sensing. We hypothesize that a combination of both sequence expansion and structural variation in the CD36 apex region may reflect the evolution of SR-B ligand-sensing specificity between diverse eukaryotic clades.
Functional Divergence in Solute Permeability between Ray-Finned Fish-Specific Paralogs of aqp10
Authors: Imaizumi Genki , Ushio Kazutaka , Nishihara Hidenori , Braasch Ingo , Watanabe Erika , Kumagai Shiori , Furuta Tadaomi , Matsuzaki Koji , Romero Michael F , Kato Akira , Nagashima Ayumi
Published: December 2023

Aquaporin (Aqp) 10 is a member of the aquaglyceroporin subfamily of water channels, and human Aqp10 is permeable to solutes such as glycerol, urea, and boric acid. Tetrapods have a single aqp10 gene, whereas ray-finned fishes have paralogs of this gene through tandem duplication, whole-genome duplication, and subsequent deletion. A previous study on Aqps in the Japanese pufferfish Takifugu rubripes showed that one pufferfish paralog, Aqp10.2b, was permeable to water and glycerol, but not to urea and boric acid. To understand the functional differences of Aqp10s between humans and pufferfish from an evolutionary perspective, we analyzed Aqp10s from an amphibian (Xenopus laevis) and a lobe-finned fish (Protopterus annectens) and Aqp10.1 and Aqp10.2 from several ray-finned fishes (Polypterus senegalus, Lepisosteus oculatus, Danio rerio, and Clupea pallasii). The expression of tetrapod and lobe-finned fish Aqp10s and Aqp10.1-derived Aqps in ray-finned fishes in Xenopus oocytes increased the membrane permeabilities to water, glycerol, urea, and boric acid. In contrast, Aqp10.2-derived Aqps in ray-finned fishes increased water and glycerol permeabilities, whereas those of urea and boric acid were much weaker than those of Aqp10.1-derived Aqps. These results indicate that water, glycerol, urea, and boric acid permeabilities are plesiomorphic activities of Aqp10s and that the ray-finned fish-specific Aqp10.2 paralogs have secondarily reduced or lost urea and boric acid permeability.
Frailty Trajectories in Chinese Older Adults: Evidence From the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study
Authors: Guo Yanfei , Ng Nawi , Hassler Sven , Wu Fan , Miao Jonasson Junmei
Published: December 2023

Background and Objectives

The individual heterogeneity in the progression of frailty has not been fully disclosed. Studies on frailty trajectories in Chinese older adults are rare and lack evidence suggesting that the frailty trajectories follow similar patterns to those in other countries. This study aims to identify distinct frailty trajectories in a nationwide cohort of community-dwelling older adults in China and explore the relationship between demographic, socioeconomic, and behavioral factors, and frailty trajectories.

Research Design and Methods

We included an analytical sample of 8,993 individuals aged 50 and older from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. We used group-based trajectory models to identify patterns of frailty trajectories over time. Multinomial logistic regression was used to estimate the relationship between demographic, socioeconomic, and behavioral factors, and group membership.

Results

Three frailty trajectories were identified: “Low and stable trajectory” (56.8% of the respondents), “Moderate and increasing trajectory” (34.4%), and “High and increasing trajectory” (8.8%). Older age (odds ratio [OR] = 7.37, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 5.90–9.20), being female (OR = 1.79, 95% CI: 1.42–2.27), no formal education (OR = 4.91, 95% CI: 2.33–10.36), living in rural areas (OR = 1.22, 95% CI: 1.01–1.47), low level of physical activity (OR = 2.65, 95% CI: 1.94–3.62), and residing in Northeast China (OR = 3.53, 95% CI: 2.56–4.88) were associated with the rapid progression of frailty, whereas moderate alcohol consumption appears to be associated with low and stable frailty trajectory (OR = 0.45, 95% CI: 0.35–0.58).

Discussion and Implications

The findings of the study emphasize a significant number of older adults with moderate and increasing as well as high and increasing frailty trajectories in China, which is cause for concern.