bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring the efficacy of calcined eggshell as a heterogeneous catalyst in enhancing biodiesel production through transesterification of Jatropha oil
Authors: Durumin-Iya Sani Garba , Ismail Usman Idris
Published: November 2024

The conventional use of homogeneous base catalysts in biodiesel production via transesterification has limitations, prompting researchers to explore heterogeneous catalysts. This study examines the effectiveness of calcined eggshell as a heterogeneous catalyst in biodiesel production from Jatropha oil. The catalyst's chemical properties were analyzed using X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) ARL QUANT'X EDXRF Analyzer (S/N 9952120) of Umaru Musa Yaraduwa University Katsina cental laboratory, revealing a primarily CaO composition. Transesterification was performed using varying concentrations (0.1-0.6 wt%) of calcined eggshell, and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy confirmed the presence of esters in the transesterified samples. The results show that 0.3 wt% calcined eggshell yielded the highest biodiesel production rate of 96.51%, demonstrating the significant role of calcined eggshell as a heterogeneous catalyst in biodiesel production from Jatropha oil.
Physicochemical quality of groundwater sources in a university environment
Authors: Umoren O.D , Uchechukwu D.D. , Akpowu A.G. , Ayeni L.A. , Aderibigbe B.S. , Alani O.A.
Published: November 2024

The study aimed to determine the quality of groundwater sources in the Federal University of Agriculture (FUNAAB), Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria. Composite water samples were collected from eight (8) different sources. The temperature and pH were tested in situ and then transported to the laboratory for analysis using standard procedure. Results revealed that the temperature (29.6 – 29.8oC) across the sources was slightly higher than the WHO thresholds (25-29oC). The pH (6.41 – 7.75), electrical conductivity (EC) (0.20- 0.83 μS/cm), and total dissolved solids (TDS) (0.10- 0.40 mg/L) across the sources were within the WHO thresholds (6.5-8.5, 1000 μS/cm; <600 mg/L) respectively. The total alkalinity (TA) (2.6 – 6.4 mg/L), total hardness (TH) (120 – 362 mg/L) and chloride ion (Cl-) (70 – 167 mg/L) across the sources were within the WHO (2011) limit (200; 500; 250 mg/L) respectively. The concentration of calcium (Ca2+) and manganese (Mg2+) in 12.5% and 37.5% of the sources exceeded the WHO standard for Ca2+ (100–300 mg/L) and Mg2+ (60 mg/L) respectively while dissolved oxygen (DO) (1.25– 6.95 mg/L) across the sources was lower than the WHO thresholds (13 – 14 mg/L). Pearson's correlation revealed that EC had a significantly strong relationship with TDS (r=0.718, p<0.05) and Ca2+ (r=0.874, p<0.01), TDS with TH (r= 0.763, p<0.05) and Cl (r=0.812, p<0.05), Additionally, TH with Mg2+ (r=0.750, p<0.05). In conclusion, the studied groundwater sources showed no significant health implications at the time of the study but can result in an unpalatable taste for drinking purposes.
Exploring health hazards from toxic elements in well water samples within prism steel rolling mill, Ikirun, Osun State, Nigeria
Authors: Ishola A.D. , Oyeleke G. O. , Lawal R. T. , Olakunle T. P
Published: November 2024

The Prism steel rolling mill, Ikirun, Osun State may contaminate well water, the area's main potable water source. This necessitated assessment of physical and chemical properties and possibly hazardous elements in well water samples. Standard methods and Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS) were used to analyze physicochemical status and Potentially Toxic Element concentrations (Cd, Cr, Ni, Pb, Zn) in ten well water samples. Physicochemical parameters ranged as follows: pH 6.64-7.38, temperature 27.2-29.2°C, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) 0.99-1.60 mg L-1, Dissolved Oxygen (DO) 1.05-1.65 mg L-1. Heavy metal concentrations decreased in order Cd > Ni > Zn > Cr, with ranges: Cd 0.04-0.31 mg L-1, Cr 0.09-0.67 mg L-1, Zn ND-0.04 mg L-1, Ni ND-0.16 mg L-1. Pb was below detection limits. Non-carcinogenic risk assessment indicated potential adverse health effects and unacceptable risks for local inhabitants from well water consumption. However, carcinogenic risk assessment showed no cancer risk.
Changes in oxidative stress biomarkers in Wistar albino rats due to the oral administration of aqueous stem extract of Cissus populnea (Okoho).
Authors: Aletan Uduak I. , Onifade Olayinka O. , Yisa Abraham G. , Idowu Ayodeji O. , Samuel Sadiya A. , Osegbo Adaora N. , Omada Stephen.
Published: November 2024

Cissus populnea is a plant with evidence of ethnomedicinal uses. However, a dearth of information exists on changes in oxidative stress parameters due to chronic administration of the plant's aqueous stem extract. The present study evaluates changes in oxidative stress parameters in Wistar albino rats due to oral administration of the aqueous stem extract. Forty animals (20 males and 20 females), 8 groups (n=5) (4 males, 4 females) were given daily oral doses (125mg/kg, 250mg/kg and 500mg/kg body) of the extract for 28 days were used. The control groups received distilled water. Tissues from the liver, heart, kidney, lungs, and testes (males) and ovaries (females) of the animals were used for the determination of malondialdehyde, reduced glutathione and the activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase. In the males, the extract led to a significant (p< 0.05) reduction in the hepatic malondialdehyde while the level in other organs remained unaltered (p> 0.05). In the females, administration of 500 mg/kg of extract led to a significant (p< 0.05) increase in both hepatic and renal malondialdehyde levels, but a significant (p> 0.05) reduction in the cardiac malondialdehyde level, remained significantly (p> 0.05) unchanged in other organs. Though the extract caused a significant rise (p< 0.05) in glutathione and activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase in some of the organs, malondialdehyde was not affected at doses below 500 mg/kg. Thus, the extract did not cause oxidative stress in the animals at low doses. The findings support the potential use of Cissus populnea in managing oxidative stress-related conditions, particularly at lower doses where it appears to enhance antioxidant defences without causing oxidative damage.
Phytochemical screening, antibacterial activity, and isolation of bioactive compounds from methanol extract ofIndigofera nummulariifolia (Livera) Ex. Alston (Fabaceae)
Authors: Abubakar Abdulkadir , Abubakar Samaila , Kwaji Andrew
Published: November 2024

The herb Indigofera nummulariifolia, belonging to the Fabaceae family, exhibits a global distribution in tropical and subtropical regions, including Nigeria, India, Madagascar, Australia, and parts of Asia. Herein, we reported the results of phytochemical screening, antibacterial activity, and isolation and characterization of bioactive compounds campesterol INE2 and stigmasterol INE3 from the methanol extract of the plant. The crude extracts (n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, and methanol) was obtained by cold maceration of the pulverized plant sample. Phytochemical screening of these extracts, detected alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, tannins, steroids, and glycosides in the methanol extract. Ethyl acetate extract tested positive for saponins, flavonoids, tannins, and steroids, while dichloromethane and n-hexane extracts tested negative for flavonoids, tannins, and steroids. All extracts exhibited antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus, with inhibition zones ranging from 6 mm to 20 mm. Particularly, the dichloromethane extract demonstrated significant inhibition, recording an 18 mm zone against E. coli at 800 μg/mL, as well as comparable activity against S. typhi and P. aeruginosa. Further purification of the methanol extract via column chromatography resulted in the isolation of campesterol INE2 and stigmasterol INE3. The isolated compounds were characterised using FTIR and GCMS.
Hydrocarbon movability studies of Sapele Deep Field, Delta State, South-South Nigeria
Authors: Mujakperuo B. J. O.
Published: November 2024

Sapele Deep field is an onshore space of OML 41, situated in the north-western part of Delta State, South-south oil province, and it is among the prolific fields in the region of study. Well logs from six wells were integrated to study the hydrocarbon movability potential of the field. The hydrocarbon movability potential of the field was delineated by looking at the various hydrocarbon movability factors such as the flush in the zone, movable oil infiltration, residual oil deposited and hydrocarbon movability indicator. The study area on the average has flushed zone water saturation (Sxo) of 0.84, hydrocarbon saturation of 0.55, transferable hydrocarbon saturation is 0.39, residual hydrocarbon retention is 0.19 and movable hydrocarbon indicator is 0.51.
Information Communication And Technology (Ict): An Asset Or Access
Authors: Paul Enebeli John
Published: November 2024

This study addresses the role of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in development and enhancing the economic growth in countries where the deployment has been seriously undertaken as a key factor for growth. The study has gone ahead to showcase the various areas ICT can be used, literature and findings also give credence that ICT development has an optimistic advancement on economic growth in the countries wherein a good deployment was noticed and its use noticed within a wide period of time. ICT is seen to be playing major roles in areas such as in innovation, raising productivity and increasing economic development and therefore affects all economic sectors; it serves as both access and asset, it has been promoting progress and as well being access to economic development. The intention of this study is to approximate and determine the impact of ICT on economic development, as an asset and seeing how far it has been an access to economic development in countries where it has been deployed for a considerable interlude of time. This study based on its findings, recommends increasing awareness of ICT and its role in improving activities and services in all fields of human endeavour. It also recommends improving and adopting ICT as a compulsory aid for processing in different institutions and organizations in order to achieve its potential as an asset as well as an access.
Emerging Role of Extension Services in Strengthening the Capacity of Farmers’ Resilience to Climate Change in Nigeria
Authors: Mustapha Shettima Bulama , Timothy Enan , Shehu Halima
Published: November 2024

The paper described the climate-resilient technologies and practices as well as the benefits associated with the adoption of such technologies and practices. The paper explored the role of extension services on how farmers’ resilience can be strengthened to ensure food security in the changing climate in Nigeria. The paper also identified the approaches/strategies to extension services in strengthening the resilience capacity of farmers to climate change. Then, the implications for extension services for strengthening farmers’ resilience to climate change were drawn and presented herein. The paper concluded that, there is a need for agricultural extension service providers to extend their mandates and broaden their scope by connecting and working with multiple actors and groups within and beyond the agriculture sector for collective action in strengthening climate change resilience in the agriculture sector.
Contribution of Mobile Phone Services to Rural Livelihood Assets in Atiba Local Government of Oyo State, Nigeria
Authors: Adebayo Oyefunke Olayemi , Adeniyi Rhoda Titilayo
Published: November 2024

This study examined the contributions of Mobile Phone services to rural livelihood assets in Atiba Local Government areas of Oyo State of Nigeria. Specifically, the study examined the mobile phone features and services used, the respondents’ use of mobile phones for livelihood assets, constraints faced in using mobile phones for livelihood assets, and the relationship between selected socioeconomic characteristics and the use of mobile phones. A multi-stage sampling procedure was used to select 135 respondents using an interview schedule. Variables were analysed with percentage, Weighted Mean score, Chi-square, and Pearson Product Moment Correlation. The result showed the most utilized feature and service of mobile phones was the clock (WMS=3.65), while Poor network (WMS=2.38) constrained its utilisation for livelihood assets. Social capital (vital information sharing (WMS=3.58) was the highest livelihood asset domain for respondents’ mobile phone usage. A significant relationship existed between respondents’ age (r=-0.355), income (r=0.210), gender (59.41), Level of Education (149.79), ownership of mobile phone (85.84) and use of mobile phone for livelihood asset. The study concluded that the poor network hinders the use of mobile phones for livelihood assets. It recommended that mobile network providers should strategies the provision of unalloyed networks to promote rural livelihood assets.
The Potentials of E-Extension for Sustainable Agricultural Development in Nigeria
Authors: Ogedengbe Tolulope Comfort , Malomo Elizabeth Nike , Akanji James Olorunfemi , Kayode Ayanwusi
Published: November 2024

The Agricultural sector has not been left out of the revolution technology is bringing to the world. The need for precision farming towards sustainable agriculture has made agricultural information and knowledge more crucial. Agricultural extension agencies have continuously adopted various emerging technologies and their advantages cannot be underestimated. E- Extension is a means of delivering and transferring information to farmers through electronic devices and ICTs. E-extension can reach a wide range of audiences rapidly within a short period. This study examines the e-extension systems that have been adopted in Nigeria, the ICT tools and e-resources used for e-extension were examined. The delivery of advisory services through Farmers' help line, audio-visual messages, short messages and others was explored. This review considered the adoption of e-extension by developed nations. The review was done extensively reviewing publications and literature. The paper also discussed the constraints to e-extension, which were poor electric power supply, low literacy, cost of electronic technology, poor funding of public extension services, low ICT literacy, poor internet connectivity among others. Conclusively, e-extension can transform the lives of farmers via easy access to advisory services if adopted. It is therefore recommended that extension work be encouraged by the relevant sectors.
An Assessment of the Impact of E-Procurement Practices on Organizational Performance in Tanzania
Authors: Isango Emmanuel
Published: November 2024

This study examines the impact of e-procurement practices—specifically e-tendering, e-informing, and e-payment—on organizational performance at the National Housing Corporation (NHC) in Tanzania. Utilizing a descriptive research design, data were collected from 45 employees across various departments through structured questionnaires and analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistical methods, including correlation and regression analyses. The findings reveal that e-procurement practices significantly enhance organizational performance by improving efficiency, transparency, and cost-effectiveness. E-tendering emerged as the most influential factor, demonstrating the importance of secure and efficient tendering processes in achieving organizational objectives. E-informing practices further support performance by enabling timely data backup and information flow, while e-payment fosters financial transparency and strengthens supplier relationships. The study concludes that integrating secure, transparent, and efficient e-procurement systems can optimize organizational operations, reduce costs, and bolster supply chain resilience. Recommendations include ongoing staff training, regular system evaluations, and prioritization of technology upgrades to sustain and enhance the benefits of e-procurement. These insights provide valuable guidance for organizations aiming to leverage digital procurement practices for improved performance and competitive advantage.
Application of Ordinary Kriging in Mapping Soil Organic Carbon in Chad using SoilGrids data
Authors: Douzouné Kella , Oloukoi Joseph , Gongnet Emmanuel Ehnon , Sèdjro Tranquillin , Affossogbe Antoine
Published: November 2024

The quantification of the pattern and spatial distribution of soil organic carbon (SOC) is fundamental to understanding many ecosystem processes. This study aimed to apply ordinary kriging (OK) to model the spatial distribution of SOC in Chad. A total of 995 sampling locations from the region were used to extract soil organic carbon from three raster layers. Those raster layers represented the SOC of 0-5 cm, 5–15 cm, and 15-30 cm of soil horizon and were downloaded from the SoilGrids website. The mean value of the soil carbon derived from the three horizons was used as 0-30cm horizon data and analysed using R-4.1.3 version software and ArcGIS 10.5. Different variogram models were first examined on the variogram cloud, and, based on RMSE, MSE, and MAE criteria, the best fit was selected. The results indicated that the Gaussian model is the best fit to the data, with 27.84, -3.35, and 20.95 obtained, respectively, for RMSE, MAE, and ME. The short-range spatial dependence of SOC was strong, with a nugget close to zero. The spatial dependency of the data was medium, with a nugget-to-sill ratio of 0.36. The southern portion of the country has a higher concentration of SOC than the northern portion. It can be concluded that the generated map could serve as a proxy for SOC in the region where evidence of spatial structure and quantitative estimates of uncertainty are reported. Therefore, the maps produced can be used for many applications, including soil sampling optimization.
Analysis of the prevalence and factors associated with Hepatitis B infection among adults seeking care at Makeni Government Regional Hospital, Sierra Leone
Authors: Palmer Peter , Bangura Benjamin Joseph , Ukaegbu Ethel Ubert , Kanu Lucas , Kamara John Paul
Published: November 2024

This study aimed to determine the seroprevalence of HepaVVs B among adults seeking care at Makeni Regional Hospital, and factors influencing awareness, and aZtudes towards the disease. The significance of this study lies in its potenVal to provide valuable informaVon on the prevalence of HepaVVs B and its risk factors in the study populaVon. This study used a facility-based cross-secVonal design, which involved collecVng data at a single point in Vme from a sample of individuals seeking care at the Makeni Regional Hospital. Blood samples were obtained from parVcipants to evaluate seroprevalence, and quesVonnaires were distributed to collect relevant data. The study included 403 individuals who sought care at Makeni Regional Hospital. SPSS so^ware was used to process, clean, and analyze the acquired data, which included descripVve staVsVcs such as tables and pie charts. The results indicated an esVmated 47% seroprevalence of viral hepaVVs B infecVon among individuals aaending Makeni Regional Hospital. Notably, despite widespread awareness of HepaVVs B infecVon, there were no matching acVons or behavioral changes. A troubling finding was that 64% of the parVcipaVng individuals said that they were engaging in unprotected sexual intercourse and many partnerships, which has been associated with an increased frequency of sexually transmiaed illnesses in previous research. Based on the findings of this study, several recommendaVons can be made to address the high seroprevalence of HBV and to improve public health outcomes. It is crucial to develop and implement comprehensive health educaVon programs in Makeni to raise awareness of the risk factors that contribute to the high prevalence of HBV infecVon. These programs should focus on educaVng the populaVon about the dangers of engaging in unprotected sexual intercourse, mulVple relaVonships, alcohol consumpVon, and smoking.
Política de Salud Intercultural de Chile y Argentina: análisis crítico a partir del Convenio 169 de la OIT
Authors: Villasana López Pedro Enrique , García Gualda Suyai Malen
Published: November 2024

Este trabajo realiza un análisis teórico mediante una aproximación crítica-hermenéutica comparada al marco legal, ético-normativo y epistémico expresado en las políticas públicas de salud intercultural y en las experiencias concretas desarrolladas en Chile y Argentina tras la suscripción del Convenio 169 de la Organización Internacional del Trabajo por ambos países. A través de un riguroso proceso de revisión, sistematización y análisis documental, se identifica y caracteriza un metamodelo neoliberal supra y transnacional centrado en el integracionismo colonialista, que sostiene relaciones de subalternización interétnicas asimétricas y consolida el enfoque biomédico hegemónico. Estas características contradicen directamente los principios del Convenio 169, que abogan por el reconocimiento y respeto a la identidad social y cultural, la integridad de los valores, prácticas e instituciones de los pueblos originarios, y promueven la no discriminación, la participación y la cooperación. El análisis crítico propuesto permite visibilizar algunos caminos alternos y autónomos para el logro del Buen Vivir/Buenos Vivires, contribuyendo así a una reflexión más amplia sobre las dinámicas de la salud intercultural.
"Traditionalizing" Effect of Parenthood on First Time Mothers: Insights from a Longitudinal Study
Authors: Ražauskienė Vilma
Published: November 2024

Researchers have documented that transitioning to parenthood may have a "traditionalizing“ effect on the gendered division of housework and childcare. The goal of this research is to enhance an understanding of the factors that influence this change in behaviour and attitudes swaying it to the side of traditional gender roles. To achieve this objective, two waves of individual semi-structured interviews were conducted with ten women during pregnancy and four to six months postpartum. Although convenience sampling was employed for data collection, the research participants displayed variation in terms of marital status, educational level, number of children, breastfeeding practices, and other characteristics. An inductive thematic analysis was carried out, allowing for a cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis of the data. Results show that the research participants who declared a more traditionally gendered division of household labour prior to childbirth continued to be responsible for a greater share of housework duties after childbirth. While childcare tasks were mostly carried out by mothers, surprisingly, only two out of nine women expressed dissatisfaction regarding such a division of duties. Furthermore, by employing a novel approach to measuring attitudes towards gender roles and after they became parents, four research participants have altered their views on who should be the primary carer of an infant. The research findings suggest that the “traditionalizing“ effect may be observed in the attitudes of some women without necessarily being observed in the division of housework duties. The salience of the new identity as a mother is being discussed as a precursor for the “traditionalizing“ effect observed.
Methodological Combinations in Qualitative Research in Music Education: Autobiography and Grounded Theory
Authors: Marques Monica , Mateiro Teresa
Published: November 2024

This article explores the theoretical and methodological approaches of (auto)biographical qualitative research and grounded theory, based on their historical and epistemological characteristics. This study in music education aimed to gain an understanding of the process of becoming a primary school music teacher. The Supervised Internship course in teacher education for a music degree was analyzed using the methodological and formative (auto)biographical dispositifs of the Biographical Project Workshop (Delory-Momberguer, 2006) and situational analysis (Clarke, 2005), constructed through the students’ oral, written, and musical narratives based on their experiences as music teachers in the public elementary schools. As a result of the methodological combination, it was found that the research procedure was a collaborative process between the researcher and the participants. This approach allowed for theorizing that did not decontextualize the trainees' narratives. It is recommended to consider using this combination with a postmodern perspective on grounded theory due to epistemological compatibility. Further exploration of the empirical field and reflexivity could contribute to the advancement of qualitative research methodology.
ARC FLASH PROTECTION IN LOW AND MEDIUM VOLTAGE SWITCHGEARS AND METHODS TO REDUCE ARC FLASH ENERGY
Authors:   JSC Elektromreža Srbije: Novi Sad, RS, Ostojić Mladen , Toholj Jana ,   JSC Elektromreža Srbije: Novi Sad, RS, Mamlić Goran ,   JSC Elektromreža Srbije: Novi Sad, RS, Ležaja Sreten ,   JSC Elektromreža Srbije: Novi Sad, RS
Published: November 2024

Arc flash protection in low and medium voltage swichyards has become an increasingly popular topic in recent years. The paper discusses the occurrence of arc flash in low and medium voltage swichyards. On the basis of the conducted analysis, the key elements that influence the value of the energy released during the occurrence of an arc flash were observed. Also, the risks and hazards to which the working staff are exposed while working in low and medium voltage swichyards were considered. An overview of the current technical regulations dealing with this issue is presented. Special attention was paid to the optimal setting of the relay protection. In order to minimize the hazard to working staff, methods have been proposed to reduce the arc flash energy.
ANALYSIS OF THE CAPACITY OF THE 35 KV ELECTRIC DISTRIBUTION NETWORK FOR THE NEEDS OF CONNECTING DERS
Authors:   „Elektrodistribucija Srbije“ d.o.o. Beograd, Srbija, Vukotić Dušan , Lepović Goran ,   „Siemens“ d.o.o. Beograd, Srbija, Vukotić Aleksa ,   „Go2Power“ d.o.o. Beograd, Srbija
Published: November 2024

Reviewing the available capacities of the existing energy infrastructure is one of the consequences of the unstoppable process of decarbonization in the energy sector. Insufficient investments in increasing the capacity of the power distribution network in relation to disproportionately larger investments in the transmission network, with already achieved level of penetration of renewable sources of electricity, lead to the existence of evident grid congestion that is not easy to eliminate without large investments. Bearing in mind the large number of elements of the electrical distribution network that need to be reinforced, the interventions themselves will require, in addition to significant funds, long periods of time for the realization of such complex tasks. The frequent inhomogeneous construction of power facilities and lines in terms of available capacities, with the presence of depopulation in some rural parts of the network, thus with a significant reduction in the load on network elements, lead to the need to review the level of investment. On the contrary, in urban parts of the distribution network, where a significant trend of load growth is evident, the problem of non-homogeneous construction of power facilities and lines in terms of available capacities will relatively quickly exhaust the available capacities in the network. The MV electric distribution network is faced with a large number of requests for the connection of relatively large production capacities, primarily of type "C", which will very quickly reach the available capacities of the network at those voltage levels. This is why it is extremely important to establish optimal relations regarding the allocation of production capacities at the voltage levels of the electrical distribution network. In the paper, a conceptual model of the 35 kV voltage level electric distribution network was used, within which the analysis of network capacity in cases where we have extremely high levels of load, but also relatively low levels of load, are presented, which should indicate the real connection possibilities production units at 35 kV voltage level.
The Impact of Biomass-Fired Stoves on Air Pollution in Urban Areas
Authors:   University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Engineering, Serbia, Vukašinović Vladimir , Gordić Dušan ,   University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Engineering, Serbia, Nikolić Jelena ,   University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Engineering, Serbia, Josijević Mladen ,   University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Engineering, Serbia, Končalović Davor ,   University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Engineering, Serbia
Published: November 2024

The usage of biomass as a regionally available renewable energy source is one of the key steps towards decarbonisation and the achievement of sustainable development. Biomass used in a sustainable way is considered as a carbon-neutral fuel. Due to its properties, it is considered an energy source that can help achieve carbon neutrality. Although, compared with fossil fuels biomass results i lower pollutant emissions during a controlled complete combustion process, problems arising from inadequate use of biomass are becoming more common. In many developing countries, biomass, especially wood, is often used in a traditional and inefficient way for cooking and space heating in stoves with minimal control possibilities over the combustion process. Such an inefficient way of using biomass can cause serious environmental problems. The incomplete combustion of woody biomass can result in the emission of harmful matters, including particulate matter (a mixture of smoke, soot and acid) and carbon monoxide (CO). These substances are dangerous to human health and have negative effects on air quality. In addition, burning biomass at high temperatures can generate nitrogen oxides (NOx), further exacerbating the environmental impact. According to the 2022 census, just 20% of dwellings are connected to district heating systems, while 77% have individual heating systems (31% of individual systems are dwellings with central heating installations) in Serbia. Of the total of occupied dwellings in urban areas that are not connected to the district heating system, 47.60% use wood, 2.07% coal, 17.40% natural gas, and 29.00% electricity for space heating. In the paper, 15 urban areas in Serbia with III category of air quality have been analysed. The district heating systems of th analysed cities are based on natural gas usage (11 cities), while coal is the predominant fuel in three cities and heating oil in one city. Individual heating systems often account for more than 70% of the total share in most of the analysed cities, and they are mostly fuelled by solid biomass. Daily excesses of PM particle emissions, which are several times above the limit, are over 95% during the heating season
Analysis of the Impact of Different Fuel Types on Fuel Consumption and Exhaust Emissions of a Two-Stroke Marine Diesel Engine
Authors:   Univerzitet Crne Gore, Pomorski fakultet Kotor, Kovač Draško , Cvrk Sead ,   Univerzitet Crne Gore, Pomorski fakultet Kotor, Nedeljkov Đorđe ,   Univerzitet Crne Gore, Pomorski fakultet Kotor
Published: November 2024

Two-stroke diesel engines are a vital component of merchant ship propulsion, but their use of heavy fuel oil contributes significantly to environmental pollution. This paper explores the impact of different fuel types on the fuel consumption and exhaust emissions of a two-stroke diesel engine used in maritime transport. In an effort to reduce these negative impacts, alternatives in the form of high-quality diesel fuels and their blends with biodiesel have been investigated. An experimental method was applied to analyse the performance of the two-stroke diesel engine, commonly used in commercial maritime traffic. Pure Euro diesel and various blends of Euro diesel with biodiesel obtained from waste sunflower oil were used in different proportions (7%, 20%, 25%). Exhaust emissions, including CO, CO 2, NO x , SO 2, and O 2 , were monitored during four different engine operating regimes. The experiment was conducted on the training ship Jadran, part of the Navy of Montenegro, while the ship was docked in the homeport. The engine load during moored ship operations represents a specific propulsion characteristic known as the heavy propeller loading, as referred to in the literature. The results of this research provide insights into the efficiency of different fuel types on the performance and ecological aspects of the two-stroke diesel engine under real operational conditions in maritime traffic.
OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF MAGNESIUM-ALUMINUM SPINEL IRRADIATED WITH HIGH-ENERGY ELECTRONS OF THE M-30 MICROTRON
Authors: Pop O. , Maslyuk V.T. , Megela I.G. , Roman V. , Pylypchynets I. , Oleinikov E. , Papp A.
Published: November 2024

The study of the optical properties of magnesium-aluminum spinel is relevant because the material has prospects for practical applications and the possibility of use in dosimetry. Therefore, it is important to study the radiation resistance of spinel. This research aims to study the effect of high-energy irradiation, 12.5 MeV, on its optical properties and features of defect formation. It shows that irradiation stimulates the formation of luminescence
centers, which is important for solid-state dosimetry. The results indicate the prospects of using non-stoichiometric spinel as a dosimetric material for intense beams of nuclear radiation.
Estrategias de evaluación preferidas y las razones para su efectividad. La experiencia del Colegio Universitario Antonio Rendic
Authors: Bulling Tulio Barrios
Published: November 2024

El presente artículo informa acerca de los tipos de instrumentos de evaluación que implementan los profesores del Colegio Universitario Antonio Rendic para fines de diagnóstico, formativos y sumativos. De igual manera, identificar aquellas estrategias e instrumentos más eficientes y las razones que sustentan dicha eficiencia. A través de una encuesta asociada a una metodología cuantitativa descriptiva, se pudo descubrir que las estrategias o instrumentos de evaluación utilizados para los referidos fines son las pruebas escritas, las de selección múltiple, las presentaciones orales y las guías de evaluación. Respecto a las razones para la eficiencia de dichos medios de evaluación, las del más alto nivel de eficiencia aparecen ser el interés y la motivación que la estrategia despierta en el alumnado, la adecuación de la estrategia al objetivo del proceso evaluativo y el dominio de la técnica o instrumento por parte del profesor.
Conocimientos sobre diabetes en estudiantes de enfermería: un modelo estructural predictor de la agencia de autocuidado
Authors: Dzul-Sánchez Diana , Medina-Fernández Josué Arturo , Casco-Gallardo Karina Isabel , Pérez-Briones Nancy Griselda , Guerrero-Solano José Antonio , Ruiz-Lara Anahí
Published: November 2024

El estudio de los conocimientos sobre diabetes en estudiantes de enfermería es crucial para evaluar y mejorar la formación en esta área crítica de la salud. Utilizando un modelo estructural predictor, se puede analizar cómo estos conocimientos influyen en la agencia de autocuidado de los estudiantes. El objetivo fue determinar el efecto de los conocimientos de la diabetes sobre la agencia de autocuidado en estudiantes de enfermería. Estudio de diseño correlacional-explicativo, muestreo no probabilístico a conveniência, N= 246 estudiantes de enfermería. Se colectaron datos sociodemográficos, se aplicó el Cuestionario “Diabetes Knowledge Questionnaire” (DKQ-24) (α=.78) y la Escala de Agencia de Autocuidado (ASA) (α=.77). Se realizó estadística descriptiva e inferencial mediante prueba de Pearson y un modelo de ecuación estructural. Se consideraron aspectos éticos. Media de edad 20.45±2.5 años, 28% hombres y 72% mujeres. En los conocimientos sobre diabetes 51.2% poseen conocimientos adecuados y en promedio 94.01±13.59 posee agencia de autocuidado. Se halló correlación entre los conocimientos en diabetes y la agencia de autocuidado (r=0.256, p<0.001), aunado que el conocimiento de la diabetes en los enfermeros afecta positivamente la capacidad de agencia de autocuidado en estudiantes enfermeros (λ = .31). Los conocimientos sobre diabetes mejoran la agencia de autocuidado en estudiantes de enfermería. Es esencial una educación profunda en diabetes y programas universitarios de atención primaria para apoyar su autocuidado y prevenir futuras enfermedades crónicas.
Strategi Pengembangan Makanan Tradisional Doclang di Bogor
Authors: Fandra Brandon Gregorius , Setiawan Budi
Published: November 2024

Kota Bogor, yang dikenal dengan julukan "Kota Hujan," memiliki potensi besar dalam sektor pariwisata, khususnya wisata kuliner. Namun, meskipun memiliki potensi yang besar, masih ada kuliner - kuliner yang hampir tersisihkan. Maka dari itu, demi menjaga kelestarian kuliner, diperlukan strategi pengembangan. Peneliti menggunakan strategi SWOT sebagai dasar strategi untuk kelestarian kuliner Bogor. Tujuannya adalah untuk mengenali dan memanfaatkan peluang yang ada dalam berbagai situasi, menghindari potensi ancaman, serta mempertahankan kekuatan usaha kuliner. Melalui proses ini, kelemahan usaha kuliner dapat diperbaiki atau diminimalkan sepenuhnya. setelah melakukan observasi di Bogor, peneliti menemukan 13 alternatif strategi yang efektif dalam menjaga kelestarian kuliner Bogor dengan menggunakan teknologi modern, salah satu contohnya yaitu Promosi Kuliner dan Budaya dengan Teknologi. Tidak hanya itu, peneliti juga menemukan strategi - strategi lainnya yang sama efektifnya dengan promosi digital. Dengan itu, peneliti menyimpulkan bahwa ada 6 alternatif strategi terpilih yang akan dijalankan oleh pengusaha kuliner agar tetap terjaga kelestarian wisata kuliner di Bogor disamping itu harus ada peran dari kekuatan yang akan mengembangkan pariwisata yang dikenal dengan pentahelix, yaitu ABCGM (Academic, Business, Community, Government, Media).
PUBLIC PROSECUTOR'S SUPERVISION OVER THE OBSERVATION OF CITIZENS' LABOR RIGHTS
Authors: Zhaslan Smagulov , Dinara Amurtaeva , Lyazzat Temirzhanova , Larissa Kussainova , Nurlan Dulatbekov
Published: November 2024

Objective: The study aims to examine the role of prosecutorial supervision in protecting labor rights in Kazakhstan, assessing its effectiveness in ensuring compliance with labor laws and regulations, identifying challenges and obstacles, and developing recommendations for improvement.
 
Theoretical Framework: This study's theoretical framework combines Social Justice Theory and Regulatory Compliance Framework, integrating labor law, organizational behavior, and institutional theory to ensure labor rights protection and promote social justice through prosecutorial supervision, grounded in organizational justice theory.
 
Method: This study used a mixed-methods approach, combining dialectical, logical, comparative, systematic, and empirical methods, with primary data from document analysis and secondary data from literature and online databases.
 
Results and Discussion: This study found that prosecutorial supervision in Kazakhstan effectively protects labor rights, ensures fair working conditions, and prevents violations through monitoring compliance, collaborating with labor authorities, and conducting regular inspections, thereby promoting social stability and economic development, highlighting the need for enhanced prosecutor training, public awareness, and inter-agency cooperation to further improve effectiveness.
 
Research Implications: This study informs policy reforms, labor practices, and future research in Kazakhstan, emphasizing the need for enhanced prosecutor training, increased public awareness, inter-agency cooperation, regular labor inspections, and legislative reforms to strengthen prosecutorial supervision and protect labor rights.
 
Originality/Value: This study contributes to the existing body of knowledge by providing novel insights into the role of prosecutorial supervision in protecting labor rights in Kazakhstan, highlighting gaps in current legislation and practices, and recommending reforms to enhance effectiveness, thereby informing policy and practice improvements for safeguarding workers' rights.
A Successful Model of Community Enterprise Entrepreneurship: Strengthening the Wang Doem Community in the New Normal of the Covid-19 Pandemic for Sustainable Development Goals
Authors: Ruanggoon Jirapong , Wisedsind Noppawan , Opasvitayarux Pakorn
Published: November 2024

Objective: The objective of this study was 1) to examine the entrepreneurial competencies of community enterprises in the New Normal of the COVID-19 pandemic and 2) to investigate the relationship model between Entrepreneurial Competencies and the Success of Community Enterprises.
 
Theoretical Framework: The framework emphasized three factors, including Entrepreneurial Competencies, Internal Integration, and External Integration that influence the Success of Community Enterprises, measured through financial performance, customer satisfaction, internal processes, and learning and growth.
 
Method: A mixed-methods approach was employed. Quantitative data were collected from 235 community enterprises through questionnaires targeting presidents of the enterprises. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) were employed for analysis. Qualitative data from interviews with 27 entrepreneurs in nine Wang Derm communities were analyzed using content analysis.
 
Results and Discussion: The research identified six key entrepreneurial competencies: opportunity, relationship, conceptual, management, strategic, and commitment competencies. Entrepreneurial competencies and Internal Integration significantly enhance Success of Community Enterprises, while Internal Integration as a mediator strengthens the total influence effects of Entrepreneurial Competencies on the Success of Community Enterprises.
 
Research Implications: This study underscored the importance of Entrepreneurial Competencies on the Success of Community Enterprise in the New Normal of COVID-19. It suggested focusing on opportunity and relationship competencies in training programs and enhancing integration strategies. The model provides sustainable guidance for policymakers on decent work and economic growth (SDG 8).
 
Originality/Value: This study addressed a gap in entrepreneurship research by identifying six entrepreneurial competencies that enhanced the success of Community Enterprises in the post-COVID-19 era, providing practical insights for strengthening customer, supplier, and community relations.
Legal Protection Against Subrogation Without an Authentic Deed as a Binding Agreement in Banking Practices in Indonesia
Authors:   Master of Notary Student at the Faculty of Law, Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta., Safitri Rizka Aina Nur , Suraji Suraji ,   Lecturer of the Faculty of Law, Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta., Hadi Hernawan ,   Lecturer of the Faculty of Law, Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta.
Published: November 2024

The practice of subrogation without an authentic deed in the Indonesian banking sector creates significant legal uncertainty. This research analyses the impact of the practice on legal protection for new creditors, particularly in the context of legal protection theory proposed by Isnaeni. This paper uses a normative research method with a literature study approach. The literature study approach is carried out by collecting and analysing secondary data relevant to the research topic. The secondary data can be in the form of primary legal materials which include: laws, regulations, and jurisprudence related to subrogation, authentic deeds, and agreements. Secondary legal materials include books, scientific journals, articles, and other scientific papers. The data collection techniques used in this research are literature searches by conducting literature searches in libraries, the internet, and other sources to obtain primary and secondary legal materials relevant to the research topic and document studies by studying and analysing primary and secondary legal materials that have been collected. The results show that the absence of a notarial deed as authentic evidence makes it difficult to prove the existence of a subrogation agreement, thus hampering the efforts of new creditors to obtain their rights. The form of internal legal protection is by collecting various evidence such as correspondence, witnesses, and transaction evidence. Meanwhile, external legal protection can also be done by filing a tort lawsuit in court. This research also recommends the need to improve regulations and increase legal awareness to overcome these problems.
Breakdown of Local Energy Conservation Principle in Electrodynamics and the Entire New Possibilities of the Energy Future
Authors:   Tachyonics Institute of Technology, Austin, TX 78741 USA, Jeong Eue Jin
Published: November 2024

The presence of the repulsive force among the same charges in capacitors has never been raised as a valid issue in consideration of the stored energy in the conventional electronic circuit theory. This energy was considered already included in the conventional calculation of the stored capacitor energy. However, when the charges in the two shells of the spherical capacitor are designated as Q1 and -Q2 of slight difference in magnitude, it becomes obvious that the conventional stored energy is only given by the term depending on Q1xQ2 and the stored energy represented by the repulsive potential energy that depends on Q1^2 and Q2^2 are not included. Not surprisingly, Nikola Tesla, Thomas Henry Moray and Stanley Meyer have patented and demonstrated energy devices in public that produces much more energy than put in in their devices. In case of Tesla and Moray, the secret was using spark gap or cold cathode tube that allows the repulsive potential energy to be materialized as additional electrical current. The excess repulsive potential energy can be as large as 8000 times the input energy in case of water cell electrolysis case according to the theoretical calculation, which allowed Meyer’s excess energy device possible. However, their inventions were buried in oblivion because the energy conservation law in physics which was borrowed from thermodynamics in early days of scientific development doesn’t allow such physical event since the principle was adapted as the absolute and unbreakable law in physics of electromagnetism. The other compelling argument against the result of thermodynamics is that magnetic field carries energy but no material can block the passage of the magnetic field which means the adiabaticity required for the strict isolation of the local energy is inherently impossible in electrodynamics. This observation opens the vast number of possibilities of acquiring energy by using various shaped permanent magnets and in combination of the repulsive potential energy utilization.
Resistir e Transformar, Cartografando Caminhos
Authors: Miguel Marcelo Calderari
Published: November 2024

Poema
Registros autobiográficos e o artesanato sociológico do Slam resistência no ensino de Sociologia
Authors: Dourado Ivan Penteado , Costa Pablo Fernandes
Published: November 2024

A presente pesquisa apresenta caminhos potencializadores do ensino de Sociologia com o objetivo de compartilhar avanços, desafios e resultados de ações pedagógicas no cerne da concepção de artesania sociológica. Frente ao desafio de superar concepções e práticas tradicionais das aulas enciclopédicas e enfadonhas, tanto em contexto escolar como universitário, estabelecemos novos padrões de potenciais mobilizadores no ensino de Sociologia. Por meio de recursos pedagógicos voltados ao uso de registros autobiográficos, somados ao movimento de significação dos conhecimentos através da criação e declamação de poesias com o uso do Slam resistência, dentro de uma perspectiva pedagógica teoricamente fundamentada, foi possível identificar avanços educacionais contidos nessas novas metodologias no ensino de Sociologia. Construir no espaço de ensino formas vivas de conhecimento, capazes de relacionar a vida dos estudantes com os conhecimentos sociológicos, posteriormente transformados em poesias narradas e verbalizadas em espaços públicos, constitui o desafio materializado na presente pesquisa.