bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Systemic Coagulation and Fibrinolysis in Patients with or at Risk for the Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Authors: Groeneveld A B J , Kindt I , Raijmakers P G H M , Hack C E , Thijs L G
Published: July 2018

The authors sought to evaluate the pathogenetic and prognostic role of a procoagulant and hypofibrinolytic state in the adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Twenty-two consecutive patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) for respiratory monitoring (n = 2) or mechanical ventilation (n = 20) were studied, of whom 13 had ARDS and 9 were at risk for the syndrome. Plasma levels of thrombin-anti- thrombin III complexes (TAT), the plasmin-α2-antiplasmin complexes (PAP), tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) were measured within 48 h after admission, together with respiratory variables allowing computation of the lung injury score (LIS), and pulmonary microvascular permeability [67Gallium-transferrin pulmonary leak index (PLI)], as measures of pulmonary dysfunction. Blood was also sampled 6-hourly until 2 days after admission. The LIS and PLI were higher in ARDS than at risk patients, in the presence of similar systemic morbidity and mortality. TAT complexes were elevated in a minority of patients of both groups, whereas the PAP, tPA and PAI levels were elevated above normal in the majority of ARDS and at risk patients, but groups did not differ. Neither circulating coagulation nor fibrinolysis variables correlated to either LIS or PLI. Furthermore, the course of haemostatic variables did not relate to outcome. These data indicate that systemic activation of coagulation and impaired fibrinolysis do not play a major role in ARDS development and outcome in patients with acute lung injury.
von Willebrand Factor Mediates Increased Platelet Retention in Recurrent Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura
Authors: Karpman Diana , Lethagen Stefan , Kristoffersson AnnCharlotte , Isaksson Christina , Holmberg Lars
Published: July 2018

The plasma cryoprecipitate of two brothers with recurrent thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) was previously found to mediate increased platelet retention and contain ultra-large von Willebrand factor (vWF) multimers during remissions. We conducted this study to examine if vWF is involved in the increased platelet retention in TTP. Platelet retention decreased when the patients’ plasma was incubated with a monoclonal antibody directed to the vWF epitope which interacts with the platelet receptor glycoprotein Ib or when incubated with a Fab-fragment directed to the platelet receptor glycoprotein IIb/IIIa. Replacement of patient vWF with an equivalent concentration of a factor VIII/vWF concentrate containing no ultra-large vWF multimers was accompanied by a normalization of platelet retention. These results indicate that vWF is involved in the increased platelet retention. Analysis of polymorphic markers in the vWF gene demonstrated that a recessive mutation in this gene is unlikely.
A Study of Platelet Activation during Human Cardiopulmonary Bypass and the Effect of S-Nitrosoglutathione
Authors: Langford Edward J , Parfitt Andrew , de Beider Adam J , Marrinan Michael T , Martin John F
Published: July 2018

Cardiac surgery is complicated by the occurrence of post-operative bleeding due to platelet dysfunction. This is largely caused by platelet activation and consumption during cardiopulmonary bypass. Patients undergoing cardiac surgery requiring cardiopulmonary bypass were studied to determine whether early platelet changes due to bypass could be inhibited using the platelet-selective nitric oxide donor S-nitroso-glutathione (GSNO). Flow cytometry was used to measure platelet surface expression of P-selectin (an α-granule protein) and glycoproteins (GP) IIb/IIIa and Ib (mediators of aggregation and adhesion) before and 5 and 10 min after commencing cardiopulmonary bypass, in 6 controls and 6 patients receiving GSNO 50 μg/min. Platelet P-selectin expression increased during bypass both in controls and patients receiving GSNO. Glycoproteins IIb/IIIa and Ib fell during bypass in control and GSNO-treated patients. There was no difference between control and GSNO-treated groups. Thus no significant platelet inhibition by S-nitrosoglutathione was demonstrated under these conditions.
The Development of Heuristics for Evaluation of Dashboard Visualizations
Authors: Dowding Dawn , Merrill Jacqueline
Published: July 2018

Background Heuristic evaluation is used in human–computer interaction studies to assess the usability of information systems. Nielsen's widely used heuristics, first developed in 1990, are appropriate for general usability but do not specifically address usability in systems that produce information visualizations.

Objective This article develops a heuristic evaluation checklist that can be used to evaluate systems that produce information visualizations. Principles from Nielsen's heuristics were combined with heuristic principles developed by prior researchers specifically to evaluate information visualization.

Methods We used nominal group technique to determine an appropriate final set. The combined existing usability principles and associated factors were distributed via email to a group of 12 informatics experts from a range of health care disciplines. Respondents were asked to rate each factor on its importance as an evaluation heuristic for visualization systems on a scale from 1 (definitely don't include) to 10 (definitely include). The distribution of scores for each item were calculated. A median score of ≥8 represented consensus for inclusion in the final checklist.

Results Ten of 12 experts responded with rankings and written comments. The final checklist consists of 10 usability principles (7 general and 3 specific to information visualization) substantiated by 49 usability factors. Three nursing informatics experts then used the checklist to evaluate a vital sign dashboard developed for home care nurses, using a task list designed to explore the full functionality of the dashboard. The experts used the checklist without difficulty, and indicated that it covered all major usability problems encountered during task completion.

Conclusion The growing capacity to generate and electronically process health data suggests that data visualization will be increasingly important. A checklist of usability heuristics for evaluating information visualization systems can contribute to assuring high quality in electronic data systems developed for health care.
Breaking Bad: An Assessment of Ophthalmologists' Interpersonal Skills and Training on Delivering Bad News
Authors: Fuerst Nicole , Watson Jessica , Langelier Nicole , Atkinson R. , Ying Gui-Shuang , Pan Wei , Palladino Vincent , Russell Collin , Lin Vanessa , Tapino Paul , O'Brien Joan
Published: July 2018

Purpose This article aims to assess ophthalmologists' practice patterns, experiences, and self-perceived skills when delivering bad news to patients and to compare this to patients' experience and preferences in receiving bad news from ophthalmologists.

Design/Methods This is a prospective cross-sectional survey study of two populations: (1) Attending ophthalmologists and current ophthalmologists-in-training (N = 202) at accredited ophthalmology residency programs in the United States and Canada. (2) Patients (N = 151) 18 years of age and older at a single academic center who had received bad news from their ophthalmologist. An e-mail was sent to ophthalmology department chairs and resident program directors requesting that they distribute an online survey to their faculty, fellows, and residents. Patients were recruited from the clinics at an academic center and completed a self-administered survey before their scheduled appointments. Both populations were surveyed on their experience in breaking and receiving bad news, respectively. Questions were rated on a standard five-point Likert scale, and mean score was calculated for statistical comparison. The primary outcome variable was the quantitative rating (Likert scale 1–5) of physicians' communication skills when delivering bad news from physicians and patients' responses.

Results Patients rated their physicians higher than physicians rated themselves with regard to ability to deliver bad news (mean score of 4.23 vs. 3.48, p < 0.01). Multivariate analysis showed frequent delivery of bad news (mean score of 3.66 for once per day, 3.53 for per week, 3.40 for once per month, and 3.22 for once per year, linear trend; p = 0.004) and years of practice were associated with better self-perceived ability to deliver bad news (mean score of 3.75 for ≥15 years, 3.48 for <15 years, and 3.30 for residents/fellows, linear trend; p < 0.001). Having received formal training in breaking bad news was associated with better perceived ability score, yet not statistically significant (3.51 vs. 3.39, p = 0.31). Most patients (97.5%) and physicians (92.1%) believe delivering bad news can be taught.

Conclusion Physicians and patients agree that skills of delivering bad news can be learned. Patients are less critical of their physicians' ability to deliver bad news than physicians are themselves. Further study of best methods to deliver bad news is clearly indicated for the field of ophthalmology.
Global strong solutions for the three-dimensional Hasegawa-Mima model with partial dissipation
Authors: Cao Chongsheng , Guo Yanqiu , Titi Edriss S.
Published: July 2018

We study the three-dimensional Hasegawa-Mima model of turbulent magnetized plasma with horizontal viscous terms and a weak vertical dissipative term. In particular, we establish the global existence and uniqueness of strong solutions for this model.
Switching Purcell effect with nonlinear epsilon-near-zero media
Authors: Jahani Saman , Zhao Hangqi , Jacob Zubin
Published: July 2018

An optical topological transition is defined as the change in the photonic iso-frequency surface around epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) frequencies which can considerably change the spontaneous emission of a quantum emitter placed near a metamaterial slab. Here, we show that due to the strong Kerr nonlinearity at ENZ frequencies, a high-power pulse can induce a sudden transition in the topology of the iso-frequency dispersion curve, leading to a significant change in the transmission of propagating as well as evanescent waves through the metamaterial slab. This evanescent wave switch effect allows for the control of spontaneous emission through modulation of the Purcell effect. We develop a theory of the enhanced nonlinear response of ENZ media to s and p polarized inputs and show that this nonlinear effect is stronger for p polarization and is almost independent of the incident angle. We perform finite-difference time-domain simulations to demonstrate the transient response of the metamaterial slab to an ultrafast pulse and fast switching of the Purcell effect at the sub-picosecond scale. The Purcell factor changes at ENZ by almost a factor of three which is an order of magnitude stronger than that away from ENZ. We also show that due to the inhomogeneous spatial field distribution inside the multilayer metal-dielectric super-lattice, a unique spatial topological transition metamaterial can be achieved by the control pulse induced nonlinearity. Our work can lead to ultra-fast control of quantum phenomena in ENZ metamaterials.
Adaptive resolution molecular dynamics technique: Down to the essential
Authors: Krekeler Christian , Agarwal Animesh , Junghans Christoph , Praprotnik Matej , Delle Site Luigi
Published: July 2018

We investigate the role of the thermodynamic (TD) force as an essential and sufficient technical ingredient for an efficient and accurate adaptive resolution algorithm. Such a force applied in the coupling region of an adaptive resolution molecular dynamics setup assures thermodynamic equilibrium between atomistically resolved and coarse-grained regions, allowing the proper exchange of molecules. We numerically prove that indeed for systems as relevant as liquid water and 1,3-dimethylimidazolium chloride ionic liquid, the combined action of the TD force and thermostat allows for computationally efficient and numerically accurate simulations, beyond the current capabilities of adaptive resolution setups, which employ switching functions in the coupling region.
Structures and spectroscopy of the ammonia eicosamer, (NH3)n=20
Authors: Malloum Alhadji , Fifen Jean Jules , Conradie Jeanet
Published: July 2018

In this work, we reported structures and relative stabilities of the neutral ammonia eicosamer at the APFD/6-31++g(d,p) level of theory. Furthermore, we have examined the temperature dependence isomer distribution and reported the relative population of the ammonia eicosamer for temperatures ranging from 20 to 400 K. Moreover, a theoretical infrared (IR) spectroscopic study is performed to confirm our results. As a result, several stable structures have been identified as isomers of the ammonia eicosamer. The most stable structure is a cage-like isomer with two central solvated ammonia molecules. It is found that cage-like isomers with central solvated ammonia molecules are more stable than other types of structures. Besides, two fused tetrameric cyclic structures belonging to the C2 symmetry point group are also located. Moreover, other reported isomers exhibit an amorphous behavior with no definite symmetry. When considering the temperature dependence isomer distribution, we found that only cage-like isomers contribute to the population of the ammonia eicosamer. The most stable isomer dominates the population of the cluster for all the investigated temperatures. Our analysis shows that only the IR spectra of isomers that contribute to the relative population have their peaks in agreement with the experiment. This agreement could be an indication of the reliability of our proposed structures of the ammonia eicosamer and their relative stability.
Magnetic perturbation diagnostics in the high-temperature lithiated environment of LTX-β
Authors: Hughes P. E. , Majeski R. , Kaita R. , Kozub T. , Hansen C. , Boyle D. P.
Published: July 2018

Magnetic perturbation measurements will be invaluable for characterizing Lithium Tokamak Experiment Beta (LTX-β) plasmas due to the time-evolving 3D nature of the magnetic fields generated by eddy currents in the vessel and copper shell segments, as well as enhanced MHD instability drive due to newly introduced neutral beam heating. The LTX-β upgrade includes two new arrays of Mirnov coils: a shell eddy sensor array of two-axis coils distributed over the back surface of one shell segment and a toroidal array of poloidal field coils at the low-field side midplane gap. Evaporative lithium wall-coating and the high temperatures required for liquid lithium wall operation both complicate the implementation of in-vessel diagnostics. While the shell array is protected from lithium exposure, the shell segment to which it is mounted will at times exceed 300 °C. The toroidal array, however, will experience direct line-of-sight exposure to the lithium evaporator as well as close proximity to the hot shell and may also be subject to poorly confined beam-driven fast ions. We describe how the two new Mirnov coil arrays meet these environmental challenges and enhance the LTX-β diagnostic suite.
Yagi-Uda nanoantenna enhanced metal-semiconductor-metal photodetector
Authors: Rieger W. , Heremans J. J. , Ruan H. , Kang Y. , Claus R.
Published: July 2018

An array of 400 nanolithographic Yagi-Uda antennas on a metal-semiconductor-metal rectifier photodetector demonstrates control of wavelength selectivity and directivity. The nanoantenna array response is obtained using a direct electrical measurement approach. Resonances in rectified photocurrent are detected at the incident electromagnetic radiation of free-space wavelengths 1110 nm and 1690 nm, corresponding to scaled effective wavelengths of 388 nm and 776 nm, respectively. The scaling is consistent with a theory based on plasmonic effects in nanoscale devices at optical frequencies, and the two resonant wavelength modes are found to match at, respectively, full-wavelength and half-wavelength operation of the detector dipole element. Quantum efficiencies are estimated as 5.1% and 3.1% at 1110 nm and 1690 nm wavelengths, respectively, representing a fourfold increase over a device lacking the antenna array.
New host records for ticks (Acari : Ixodidae) from the echidna (Tachyglossus aculeatus) revealed in Australian museum survey
Authors: Krige Anna-Sheree , Loh Siew-May , Oskam Charlotte L.
Published: July 2018

A nationwide survey was conducted for ticks (Ixodidae) removed from echidnas, Tachyglossus aculeatus (Shaw, 1792), that had been previously collected between 1928 and 2013, and archived within Australian national (Australian National Insect Collection, Australian Capital Territory) and state (Queensland, South Australia, Victoria, and Western Australia) natural history collections. A total of 850 ticks from 89 T. aculeatus hosts were morphologically identified to determine instar, sex and species. Seven larvae, 349 nymphs and 494 adults were identified; 235 were female and 259 were male. The most common tick species was Bothriocroton concolor (Neumann, 1899) (89.2%). In addition, ticks previously recorded from T. aculeatus were identified, including Amblyomma australiense Neumann, 1905 (1.8%), Amblyomma echidnae Roberts, 1953 (0.1%), Bothriocroton hydrosauri (Denny, 1843) (1.4%), Bothriocroton tachyglossi (Roberts, 1953) (1.5%) and Ixodes tasmani Neumann, 1899 (1.2%). For the first time, 22 Amblyomma fimbriatum Koch, 1844 (2.6%) and 19 Amblyomma triguttatum Koch, 1844 (2.2%) ticks were recorded from T. aculeatus. This is the first survey to utilise archived Australian tick collections for the purpose of acquiring new data on tick species that parasitise T. aculeatus.
Analysing linguistic information about word combinations for a Spanish-Basque rule-based machine translation
system
Authors: Iñurrieta Uxoa , Aduriz Itziar , Díaz de Ilarraza Arantza , Labaka Gorka , Sarasola Kepa
Published: July 2018

This paper describes an in-depth analysis of noun + verb combinations in Spanish-Basque translations. Firstly, we
examined noun + verb constructions in the dictionary, and confirmed that this kind of MWU varies considerably from
language to language, which justifies the need for their specific treatment in MT systems. Then, we searched for those
combinations in a parallel corpus, and we selected the most frequently-occurring ones to analyse them further and
classify them according to their level of syntactic fixedness and semantic compositionality. We tested whether adding
linguistic data relevant to MWUs improved the detection of Spanish combinations, and we found that, indeed, the number
of MWUs identified increased by 30.30% with a precision of 97.61%. Finally, we also evaluated how an RBMT system
translated the MWUs we analysed, and concluded that at least 44.44% needed to be corrected or improved.
Aligning verb + noun collocations to improve a French-Romanian FSMT system
Authors: Todiraşcu Amalia , Navlea Mirabela
Published: July 2018

We present several Verb + Noun collocation integration methods using linguistic information, aiming to improve the
results of a French-Romanian factored statistical machine translation system (FSMT). The system uses lemmatised,
tagged and sentence-aligned legal parallel corpora. Verb + Noun collocations are frequent word associations, sometimes
discontinuous, related by syntactic links and with non-compositional sense (Gledhill, 2007). Our first strategy extracts collocations from monolingual corpora, using a hybrid method
which combines morphosyntactic properties and frequency criteria. The second method applies a bilingual collocation
dictionary to identify collocations. Both methods transform collocations into single tokens before alignment. The
third method applies a specific alignment algorithm for collocations. We evaluate the influence of these collocation
alignment methods on the results of the lexical alignment and of the FSMT system.
The ontology of natural language
Authors: Postal Paul M.
Published: July 2018

This chapter discusses natural language ontology, focusing on the nature of sentences. Two contrasting views about such elements are considered. First, the naturalistic view takes sentences to be elements of the physical world. There are two variants. One, which regards sentences as utterances, has few if any current advocates. The other, which views sentences as mental/biological things, is currently dominant, defining the position of Noam Chomsky. Second, there is the nonnaturalistic, Platonist view advocated intensively by Jerrold J. Katz, which takes sentences to be abstract objects. This view is consistent with the fact that sentences are timeless, locationless entities entering into no causal relations. Only the naturalistic view is inconsistent with actual linguistics, where sentences are uniformly treated in set-theoretical terms.
What kind of science is linguistics?
Authors: Pitt David
Published: July 2018

I argue that what determines whether a science is ‘formal’ or ‘empirical’ is not the ontological status of its objects of study, but, rather, its methodology. Since all sciences aim at generalizations, and generalizations concern types, if types are abstract (non-spatiotemporal) objects, then all sciences are concerned to discover the nature of certain abstract objects. What distinguishes empirical from formal sciences is how they study such things. If the types of a science have observable instances (‘tokens’), then the nature of the types may be determined empirically. If they types have either abstract tokens, or no tokens at all, their nature must be determined by non-empirical methods involving intuition, reasoning and proof. I conclude that the status of (theoretical) linguistics depends on the methodologies of syntax, semantics, phonology, morphology and orthography (and any other subdiscipline that is concerned with the study of the structure of language).
The relevance of realism for language evolution theorizing
Authors: Behme Christina
Published: July 2018

It may appear counterintuitive to suggest a connection between language evolution and linguistic realism. Only biological objects evolve but linguistic realism holds that natural languages are abstract objects. However, given the fact that currently no approach to language evolution can account satisfactorily for all aspects of language, I suggest that reconsidering the ontological status of natural languages might lead to novel approaches to language evolution puzzles. Most contemporary work on language evolution assumes without argument that natural languages are either biological entities or produced by biological organs (human brains), and focuses on brain evolution, language acquisition, and communication systems of other primates. Yet, so far such approaches have been unable to account for some aspects of grammar. Furthermore, to date little is known about the bio-physiological implementation of natural languages. I suggest that the debate could profit from paying closer attention to the ontological status of language and the exact relationship between language and biology. Finally, I discuss the kinds of evidence used in linguistic research and demonstrate that, contra to widespread belief, the linguistic Platonist is neither relying on inferior evidence nor ruling out evidence that is clearly relevant to linguistic research.
Languages and other abstract structures
Authors: Nefdt Ryan M.
Published: July 2018

My aim in this chapter is to extend the Realist account of the foundations of linguistics offered by Postal, Katz and others. I first argue against the idea that naive Platonism can capture the necessary requirements on what I call a ‘mixed realist’ view of linguistics, which takes aspects of Platonism, Nominalism and Mentalism into consideration. I then advocate three desiderata for an appropriate ‘mixed realist’ account of linguistic ontology and foundations, namely (1) linguistic creativity and infinity, (2) linguistics as a theory of types (and not tokens) and (3) independence but structural respect between language and the linguistic competence thereof. My own brand of mixed realism, what I call ante rem realism, is defended along the lines of an ante rem or non-eliminative structuralism, the likes of which has been offered for mathematics by Resnik (1997) and Shapiro (1997). In other words, grammars describe a mind-independent (but not necessarily unconnected) linguistic reality in terms of linguistic patterns or structures also known as natural languages. I further amend this picture to allow for the possibility of a naturalistic account of language acquisition and evolution by arguing against a particular view of the type-token distinction.
Autonomous Declarative Phonology
Authors: Neef Martin
Published: July 2018

In the paradigm of Linguistic Realism, phonology deals with abstract objects. Consequently, phonological units cannot be derived from phonetics as the material side of speech production and reception. I suggest a theoretical approach that conceives of phonology as autonomous from phonetics; hence Autonomous Declarative Phonology. The central questions of this kind of phonology are: What are the phonological elements of a specific language system (in particular: German)? How can these phonological elements be combined in the language under analysis? I give a definition of what phonology is and show how individual phonological units can be motivated. In order to give a model-theoretic reconstruction of phonological sequences, I make reference to the concept of syllable, employing and re-interpreting ideas from generative phonology and other approaches such as hierarchical syllable structure, CV-phonology, and sonority.
Explaining linguistic facts in a realist theory of word formation
Authors: Nolda Andreas
Published: July 2018

The present paper examines foundational issues of a realist word-formation theory. A realist linguistic theory, as it is understood here, takes linguistic units and the linguistic systems that determine them to be abstract entities. With respect to such a word-formation theory, the following two questions are discussed:

What are the word-formation facts to be described and explained or predicted?

What linguistic objects are those word-formation facts about?

Presupposing the axiomatically formalized Pattern-and-Restriction Theory (PR), it is proposed that the word-formation facts to be described and explained or predicted are true statements of word-formation relations in the linguistic system under consideration, and that those facts are about abstract lexical units in the sense of the realist framework of Integrational Linguistics (IL). On the example of a word-formation pattern in some spoken Modern German system it is shown how deductive-nomological (DN) explanations or predictions of word-formation facts can be logically derived from theorems of the PR theory and theorems of a grammar and a dictionary of the linguistic system.
Cognitive propositions in realist linguistics
Authors: Soames Scott
Published: July 2018

The paper presents a cognitive conception of propositions as semantic contents of (some) declarative sentences. The conception expands solution spaces for previously intractable empirical problems in natural-language semantics and pragmatics, while also explaining how an agent who is unable to cognize propositions can know or believe them, and how sophisticated agents acquire the concept and believe things about them by monitoring their own cognitions. Finally, an account is given of what it is for a sentence to mean that p in a language that doesn’t require having thoughts about p or L. Nevertheless, semantics isn’t psychology; agents with different psychologies can speak semantically identical languages, while those with the same purely internal states (embedded in similar immediate environments) can speak different languages. Cognitive semantics can be realist and naturalistic without being a branch of psychology.
Enhancing the mechanical properties of low-carbon steel by a graded dislocation microstructure
Authors: Lei Song , Shi Yindong , Wang Lina , Li Ming , Zhang Yulong , Zhao Yajun
Published: July 2018

In the present paper, the microstructures and mechanical properties of a low-carbon steel processed by graded pre-torsion (PTO) and homogeneous pre-tension (PTE), respectively, have been investigated. Experimental results demonstrate that both PTO and PTE can improve the strength of the low-carbon steel, but at a loss of ductility and toughness. However, a much better strength–ductility–toughness synergy is achieved in samples processed by graded PTO than that in samples subjected to PTE. This enhancement of comprehensive mechanical properties is due to the formation of a graded microstructure, that is, the dislocation-density increases gradually with decreasing the depth from the sample surface. This study provides a strategy for enhancing the mechanical properties of metallic materials by graded plastic deformation.
Mg–3Zn–0.5Zr/HA nanocomposites fabricated by high shear solidification and equal channel angular extrusion
Authors: Huang Yan , Li Junyi , Zhou Li
Published: July 2018

Magnesium alloy matrix and hydroxyapatite (HA) nanoparticle reinforced composites for biomedical applications were fabricated by combined high shear solidification and equal channel angular extrusion (ECAE). The high shear treatment was performed immediately prior to casting at 680°C using a rotor–stator mechanism. The as-cast composite ingots were processed by ECAE at 300°C to various strains. The high shear treatment effectively reduced HA particle agglomeration and produced a fine grain structure for all HA contents. ECAE processing resulted in further grain refinement and an improved HA particle distribution, with the formation of a desirable HA dispersion. The composites with 3–5 wt-% HA displayed an optimum combination of strength and ductility, with a yield strength of 150–210 MPa and compressive reductions of 9∼13% before fracture.
Improvement of mechanical properties of cast pure titanium by repeated heat treatment
Authors: Jung Jae Hyun , Choi Jaeho , Lee Byoung-Soo , Na Tae-Wook , Kim Hyung Giun , Park Hyung-Ki
Published: July 2018

Pure titanium components fabricated by casting have a coarse grain microstructure. To improve the mechanical strength of pure titanium components by refining the grain size, the cast samples were repeatedly heat-treated. During the heat treatment, the titanium samples were repeatedly heated above the alpha-to-beta ( α– β) transition temperature and cooled to room temperature to undergo phase transformation. The heating cycle was performed 1, 3, 5, and 7 times. As the number of heating cycles increased, the grain size decreased. The tensile strength was 267.9 MPa in the as-cast sample and improved to 343.4 MPa after 7 heat-treatment cycles owing to the grain size refinement, while the elongation was maintained during the heat treatment.

This paper is part of a thematic issue on Titanium.
Differences in step characteristics and linear kinematics between rugby players and sprinters during initial sprint acceleration
Authors: Wild James J. , Bezodis Ian N. , North Jamie S. , Bezodis Neil E.
Published: July 2018

The initial steps of a sprint are important in team sports, such as rugby, where there is an inherent requirement to maximally accelerate over short distances. Current understanding of sprint acceleration technique is primarily based on data from track and field sprinters, although whether this information is transferable to athletes such as rugby players is unclear, due to differing ecological constraints. Sagittal plane video data were collected (240 Hz) and manually digitised to calculate the kinematics of professional rugby forwards (n = 15) and backs (n = 15), and sprinters (n = 18; 100 m personal best range = 9.96–11.33 s) during the first three steps of three maximal sprint accelerations. Using a between‐group research design, differences between groups were determined using magnitude‐based inferences, and within‐group relationships between technique variables and initial sprint acceleration performance were established using correlation. Substantial between‐group differences were observed in multiple variables. Only one variable, toe‐off distance, differed between groups (d = −0.42 to −2.62) and also demonstrated meaningful relationships with sprint performance within all three groups (r = −0.44 to −0.58), whereby a stance foot position more posterior relative to the centre of mass at toe‐off was associated with better sprint performance. While toe‐off distance appears to be an important technical feature for sprint acceleration performance in both sprinters and rugby players, caution should be applied to the direct transfer of other kinematic information from sprinters to inform the technical development of acceleration in team sports athletes.
Morphological and Structural Properties of CVD Deposited Titanium Aluminium Nitride (TiAlN) Thin Films
Authors: Das Soham , Guha Spandan , Ghadai Ranjan , Kumar Dhruva , Swain Bibhu P.
Published: July 2018

Titanium aluminium nitride (TiAlN) thin film coatings were synthesized via Atmospheric pressure chemical vapour deposition (APCVD) at various deposition temperature using titanium di-oxide (TiO2) powder, Al powder (99% pure) and N2 gas. The thin films were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) for analysing the morphological, vibrational and compositional characteristics of the deposited film. SEM images showed successful deposition of TiAlN thin film over Si wafers. Raman peaks revealed the optical phonon bands of the coated thin film within a range of 214.6-335.1 cm-1and 552.63-815.23 cm-1 for acoustic and optic range respectively at different processing temperatures. XPS spectra clearly showed the presence of different phases like Ti-N, Ti-O-N, Al2O3, N-Al, TiO2 Al-O in Ti (2p), Al (2p) and N (1s) orbitals, which is in a good agreement with past work.
Development of PCM (paraffin wax) based Latent heat Storage type Solar powered Thermo-electric generator
Authors: Mahto P K , Chaudhary R , Chowdhury S , Alham Md. , Dutta S R
Published: July 2018

Solar energy is a renewable energy source, from that electricity can be generated. In response to increasing electrical energy costs, large number of thermal storage technology has been introduced by various researchers. The latent heat storage type system got a good response for the storage of solar energy in various applications. In the present work, an attempt has been made to showcase the utilization of solar energy to produce electrical energy using paraffin wax as phase change material and Peltier modules. In this experiment 5kg of paraffin wax has been used in a cylindrical absorber to store the thermal energy. The experimental results show that the time average minimum and maximum temperature of paraffin wax varies from 31.56°C to 94.24 °C in day1, 29.59 °C to 88.12 °C in day2, 32.02 °C to 88.36 C in day3 and also the minimum and maximum voltage generated by the peltier module varies from to 0.07V to 0.507V in day 1, 0.063V to 0.428V in day2, 0.072V to 0.428V in day3 of experimentation.
Performance analysis of a mixed mode forced convection solar dryer with and without thermal energy storage heat exchanger
Authors: Lakshmi D.V.N. , Layek A. , Muthukumar P
Published: July 2018

A mixed mode forced convection solar dryer with and without thermal energy storage is developed for drying of different agricultural products. The drying kinetics of bitter gourd has been investigated under open sun drying and using solar dryer. The average drying efficiency of mixed mode solar dryer with thermal energy storage system was 32 % and without thermal energy storage, it was found to be 24.5%. The bitter gourd slices were dried from initial moisture content of 90% (wb) to the final moisture content of 9 % (wb) within 6 hr, 8 hr and 11 hr in solar dryer with thermal energy storage system, solar dryer without thermal storage and open sun drying conditions. The drying kinetics studies were performed for the three conditions and found that Midilli –Kucuk model was suited for the product dried in solar dryer and logarithmic model was found to fit for the open sun dried product. The color change values of the fresh, solar dried and open sun dried samples were 65.4, 56.8 and 46.8 respectively.
Finite Element Analysis of Static Linkage of Engine Connecting Rod Based on Algor
Authors: Xu Chunming , Luo Bowen
Published: July 2018

The finite element static analysis software Algor is used to simulate and analyze the engine connecting rod, and the distribution diagram of the change of stress and displacement is obtained. Theoretically, the force analysis of engine connecting rod is carried out, which provides a necessary theoretical basis for further structural design and optimization of engine connecting rod.
RETRACTED: Research on Internet of Things Data Mining Based on Cloud Computing Platform
Authors: Liao Enhong
Published: July 2018

With the rapid development of the current society, the value of the information industry in the development of the national economy is becoming more important. The Internet of things is one of the most important technical means. As an important component in the Internet of Things, data mining technology plays an important complementary role. This paper briefly analyzes the basic connotation of cloud computing and Internet of Things (IoT), expounds the typical features of data mining technology, and focuses on the research of IoT data mining based on cloud computing platform. It has high practical value through experimental testing.
Graphical User Interface (GUI) of GPS Data (Dumy Data)
Authors: Kholil M , Wahyudin D
Published: July 2018

Increasingly growing technology also develops software (software) for computers such as mission planner. This mission planner works to remotely control remote with telemetry support and GPS background to use graphical user interface (GUI) so that it can describe mapping of ship position existence and depth which have been passed by the tool. Meanwhile, for the simulation using autopilot (unmanned) which its manufacture using C + + language. What is done in this survey ship experiment is that it can transmit data to the graphical user interface for processing and mapping made in simulation we use dummy data to measure success in the manufacture. The hypothesis of this research is that graphical user interface can display soil contour graph that can show depth of river and use original map taken directly from Bingo maps online for tracking GPS. But in the simulation experiments in Visual Studio to display graphical user interface not in accordance with the hypothesis that should display 3D is still 2D.
Radio Altimeter (Radalt) Simulator on Aircraft using Arduino UNO
Authors: Ramdhani A R , Saripudin A
Published: July 2018

This research proposes the architecture simulation radio altimeter (radalt) on aircraft using the Arduino UNO. This research is a method of experimentation through the process of designing the software and hardware configuration, components, implementation tools and the evaluation of the test results of simulation of the radio altimeter (radalt) on aircraft using the Arduino UNO. On the design of the simulation tool is the main set of 6 blocks. Arduino Uno as a microcontroller to process input from the sensors and results will be displayed on the display panel that contains the 16x6 LCD, LED, and Buzzer. Meanwhile, dc motor and servo motor used for the mechanism of the movement of the model plane. The results of the research of the LCD will show the distance indicating system goes according to the design.
Learning Media Based on Augmented Reality Applied on the Lesson of Electrical Network Protection System
Authors: Aditya F , Trisno B
Published: July 2018

Technology is created and developed to help people work more efficiently. One of them is Augmented Reality technology. Augmented Reality is a technology that combines two or three dimensional virtual objects into the real three-dimensional environments, then it is projecting the virtual objects in real time, in this case it was possible to help ease the learning process for displaying props and also to increase students attention. In this study, the learning media based on Augmented Reality applied to the subject of Electrical Network Protection System.
Load Shedding Analysis Because of Contingency Damage (N-2) at Transmission Lines 150 kV Subsystem Cirata
Authors: Sucita T , Mulyadi Y , Saputra W S
Published: July 2018

Cirata subsystem is part of the 150 kV interconnection system 150 kV West Java which is supplied by two units of IBT 500/150 kV with a power capacity of each IBT is 500 MVA. It has 15 transmission line connecting the substation 13 (GI), while the generation units that exist in the subsystem Cirata is PLTP Patuha with a power of 55 MW and 180 MW hydropower Jatiluhur. The reliability of the power system must be maintained in order to supply power from the generator to the consumer to keep going well. At peak load conditions and contingencies, an electric power system will undergo changes in value, both current and voltage. In this study, which analyzed disorder is a contingency (N-2), a discharge of the two components of transmission line system and generator. The aim is to evaluate and improve the reliability of electric power systems of 150 kV Subsystem Cirata, analyzing the effects of disturbance contingency (N-2) to changes in current and voltage, identify the bus voltage is outside the operating limits, identifying the transmission line that experienced the imposition of critical / exceeds limit operation, and perform load shedding (load sheeding) to overcome the weaknesses of the power system due to disruption contingency N-2. The study was conducted by collecting data required for power flow simulation using Newton-Raphson method in ETAP 12.6.0. The simulation results show the power flow interruption due to voltage profile under the standard contingency SPLN 150 kV + 5% and -10%, and becomes critical channel loading over 50% of the nominal current conductor. While after the release of the load (load sheeding) voltage profile in Subsystem Cirata back normal or standardized SPLN and loading the channel becomes lighter.
Very Sort Term Load Forecasting Using Interval Type - 2 Fuzzy Inference System (IT- 2 FIS) (Case Study: Java Bali Electrical System)
Authors: Jamaaluddin J , Hadidjaja D , Sulistiyowati I , Suprayitno E A , Anshory I , Syahrorini S , Abdullah A G
Published: July 2018

One of the important things to do an electric power system operation is load forecasting. Load forecasting consists of short-term forecasting and short-term forecasting. The very short term load forecasting are required for regulating electrical energy generation, maintenance arrangements and regulating the labor involved. This forecasting is done to decide which plant to operate. The capacity of the plant to be operated adjusts to the load plan to be supplied the next day. The very short-term load forecasting is predicting electrical loads with time intervals every 30 minutes for the next day. In this study using Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Inference System (IT-2FIS) because it delivers a high flexibility that can be developed using other methods (hybrid). Laying out the footprint of uncertainty (FOU) membership function of the Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Inference System (IT-2FIS). This method has been applied for short- term load forecasting and will be employed for very short-term forecasting. In very short-term load forecasting IT-2 FIS has Mean Average Percentage Error (MAPE) arround 0,729%.
No Evidence of “healthy neuroticism” in the Hawaii Personality and Health Cohort
Authors: Weston Sara J , Hill Patrick L , Edmonds Grant W , Mroczek Daniel K , Hampson Sarah E
Published: July 2018

Background

Heterogeneity in the effects of trait neuroticism on mortality has inspired recent theories of “healthy neuroticism,” or the possibility that neuroticism can lead people down either healthy or unhealthy behavioral pathways. The logical extension of this theory is that some construct—perhaps another trait, financial resource, or health-relevant situation—changes the relationship between neuroticism and health. The other possibility is that different components of neuroticism lead to different health behaviors and therefore different outcomes.

Purpose

The current study systematically examines the relationship between child and adult neuroticism and various health indicators including perceptions of health, behaviors, health outcomes, and biomarkers of health. Finally, we examine both potential moderators of the associations with neuroticism and examine its facet structure.

Methods

The current study utilizes data from the Hawaii Longitudinal Study of Personality and Health, which includes both adult (IPIP-NEO) and childhood (teacher-reported) measures of personality and socioeconomic status, as well as a variety of health outcomes, from self-reported health and health behavior to biological markers, such as cholesterol and blood glucose levels. Sample sizes range from 299 to 518.

Results

The relationship between neuroticism and health was not consistently moderated by any other variable, nor were facets of neuroticism differentially related to health.

Conclusions

Despite a systematic investigation of the potential “paths” which may differentiate the relationship of neuroticism to health, no evidence of healthy neuroticism was found.
Development of High-Throughput SNP Genotyping Assays for Rapid Detection of Strawberry Colletotrichum Species and the G143A Mutation
Authors: Forcelini Bruna B. , Lee Seonghee , Oliveira Michelle S. , Peres Natalia A.
Published: July 2018

Colletotrichum spp. cause major diseases of strawberry and disease management depends on the species present. However, species identification based on symptoms and spore morphology is difficult. Therefore, development of molecular techniques for trustworthy and high-throughput identification of Colletotrichum spp. is vital for the accurate diagnosis. A high-resolution melting (HRM) assay was developed for simultaneous identification and differentiation of Colletotrichum spp. from fungal colonies or from symptomatic strawberry tissue. HRM markers were designed based on the internal transcribed spacer region of Colletotrichum acutatum and C. gloeosporioides from strawberry, and accurately identified and differentiated the two species. In addition, for the rapid detection of a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the cytochrome b (cytb) gene of C. acutatum and C. gloeosporioides associated with resistance to quinone-outside inhibitor fungicides, an endpoint SNP genotyping analysis was developed. The HRM and endpoint SNP genotyping assays are useful methods that can be implemented in plant diagnostic clinics for the rapid and accurate identification of Colletotrichum spp. and detection of the G143A mutation in the cytb gene of C. acutatum and C. gloeosporioides.