bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Une recherche-action en tant qu'assistant à la maîtrise d'ouvrage sur un projet de reconversion architecturale
Authors: Olasagasti Elorri
Published: March 2011

Résumé Nous intervenons en tant qu’assistante à la maîtrise d’ouvrage durant trois années sur différentes phases d’un projet de reconversion architecturale. Cette intervention s’inscrit dans le cadre d’une recherche-action pour laquelle nous analyserons les modalités d’accompagnement pour l’aide à la décision pertinente de la maîtrise d’ouvrage. En matière de choix théoriques, nous avons souhaité nous appuyer sur la théorie de l’action organisée (Crozier et Friedberg, 1977). Ainsi, le projet est regardé sous l’angle de la coopération et des différentes formes que celle-ci prend. Ensuite, une brève référence à la théorie de la traduction (Callon, 1986) nous permet de présenter les différentes étapes à initier sur le projet afin de favoriser la construction d’un compromis, tant nécessaire à toute action collective. Enfin, en guise de conclusion, nous verrons ce que l’articulation de ces étapes suppose en termes de démarche à adopter en tant qu’assistant à la maîtrise d’ouvrage, tout au long du projet, pour favoriser l’organisation de l’action collective.
Christensen's Innovation Model and Responsibility: The Issue of Integrating Responsibility in a Disruptive Innovation Model
Authors: Pavie Xavier , Egal Julie
Published: March 2011

Résumé Le progrès de la science moderne et de la technologie donne aux managers une très large palette d’opportunités d’innovation, qui ne bénéficient pas forcément aux clients et à la société dans le long terme, car, souvent, ils concernent surtout la valeur économique et le développement à court terme, ne prennent pas en compte l’impact et la menace potentielle pour la société. Lorsque les effets des innovations incrémentales sont relativement limités en ce qui concerne les risques pour la société, ce n’est pas le cas pour les innovations de rupture, telles qu’elles sont décrites par Christensen, qui peuvent probablement avoir un impact important sur la société, l’environnement et les écosystèmes. La responsabilité, à travers la capacité de comprendre et d’appréhender les conséquences des actions, est donc un critère majeur qui doit être intégré dans des modèles d’innovation, et surtout le modèle de rupture de Christensen, qui traite seulement l’innovation responsable à travers le prisme social de l’innovation pour le bas de gamme du marché. Puisque la responsabilité ne doit pas se limiter à l’étendue de l’entreprise sociale et des microprojets, nous devons considérer la responsabilité en tant que déterminant fondamental au processus d’innovation, intégrer la prévision et l’anticipation dans les modèles, et développer une compréhension plus approfondie de la responsabilité dans le domaine de l’innovation, où l’anticipation des conséquences est un défi majeur et où l’intégrité des individus est en jeu.
Resting‐State Glucose Metabolism Level Is Associated with the Regional Pattern of Amyloid Pathology in Alzheimer′s Disease
Authors: Shin Jonghan , Tsui Wai , Li Yi , Lee Sang-Yoon , Kim Seog Ju , Cho Seong-Jin , Kim Young-Bo , de Leon Mony J.
Published: March 2011

It has been suggested that glucose metabolism within the brain′s default network is directly associated with—and may even cause—the amyloid pathology of Alzheimer′s disease (AD). Here we performed 2‐[ 18F]fluoro‐2‐deoxy‐D‐glucose (FDG) and [ 11C]‐labeled Pittsburgh Compound B (PIB) positron emission tomography (PET) on cognitively normal elderly subjects and on AD patients and conducted quantitative regional analysis of FDG‐ and PIB‐PET images using an automated region of interest technique. We confirmed that resting glucose metabolism within the posterior components of the brain′s default network is high in normal elderly subjects and low in AD patients, which is partially in agreement with the regional pattern of PIB uptake within the default network of AD patients. However, in several regions outside the default network, glucose metabolism was high in normal elderly subjects but was not depressed in AD patients, who exhibited significantly increased PIB uptakes in these regions. In contrast, the level of resting glucose metabolism in the default network and in regions outside the default network in normal elderly subjects was significantly correlated with the level of regional PIB uptake in AD patients. These results are discussed with experimental evidence suggesting that beta amyloid production and amyloid precursor protein regulation are dependent on neuronal activity.
Diversity in the Regulation of Autophagy and Mitophagy: Lessons from Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Chu Charleen T.
Published: March 2011

Selective mitochondrial degradation through autophagy (mitophagy) has emerged as an important homeostatic mechanism in a variety of organisms and contexts. Complete clearance of mitochondria can be observed during normal maturation of certain mammalian cell types, and during certain forms of neuronal cell death. In recent years, autophagy dysregulation has been implicated in toxin-injured dopaminergic neurons as well as in major genetic models of Parkinson's disease (PD), includingα-synuclein, leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2), parkin, PTEN-induced kinase 1 (PINK1), and DJ-1. Indeed, PINK1-parkin interactions may form the basis of a mechanism by which dissipation of the inner mitochondrial membrane potential can trigger selective mitochondrial targeting for autophagy. Multiple signals are likely to exist, however, depending upon the trigger for mitophagy. Similarly, the regulation of basal or injury-induced autophagy does not always follow canonical pathways described for nutrient deprivation. Implications of this regulatory diversity are discussed in the context of neuronal function and survival. Further studies are needed to address whether alterations in autophagy regulation play a directly injurious role in PD pathogenesis, or if the observed changes reflect impaired, appropriate, or excessive autophagic responses to other forms of cellular injury.
Melanocortin 4 receptor polymorphism is associated with carcass fat in beef cattle
Authors: McLean Kim , Schmutz Sheila
Published: March 2011

McLean, K. L. and Schmutz, S. M. 2011. Melanocortin 4 receptor polymorphism is associated with carcass fat in beef cattle. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 91: 75–79. Melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) binds α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH) reducing feed and energy intake in several species of animals. One variant in swine has been reported to increase daily gain, backfat deposition and feed intake. MC4R sequence was obtained from 20 random crossbred steers where a novel Ser330Asn polymorphism was detected. Three hundred and eighty-two crossbred Canadian steers and 985 crossbred American steers were genotyped for this polymorphism. The Ser330Asn polymorphism had a minor allele frequency of 0.01 in the Canadian and 0.02 in the American steer populations. The Canadian steers with the heterozygous genotype had increased grade fat (P=0.036) and decreased lean meat yield (P=0.032). The American heterozygous steers had increased backfat (P=0.031) and less desirable yield grades (P=0.022), but also lower longissimus dorsi measurements (P=0.031). The association of the Asn330 allele was validated in two typical crossbred steer populations in two countries, suggesting it has effects of commercial significance.
An overview of the HIBISCUS campaign
Authors: Pommereau J.-P. , Garnier A. , Held G. , Gomes A. M. , Goutail F. , Durry G. , Borchi F. , Hauchecorne A. , Montoux N. , Cocquerez P. , Letrenne G. , Vial F. , Hertzog A. , Legras B. , Pisso I. , Pyle J. A. , Harris N. R. P. , Jones R. L. , Robinson A. D. , Hansford G. , Eden L. , Gardiner T. , Swann N. , Knudsen B. , Larsen N. , Nielsen J. K. , Christensen T. , Cairo F. , Fierli F. , Pirre M. , Marécal V. , Huret N. , Rivière E. D. , Coe H. , Grosvenor D. , Edvarsen K. , Di Donfrancesco G. , Ricaud P. , Berthelier J.-J. , Godefroy M. , Seran E. , Longo K. , Freitas S.
Published: March 2011

Abstract. The EU HIBISCUS project consisted of a series of field campaigns during the intense convective summers in 2001, 2003 and 2004 in the State of São Paulo in Brazil. Its objective was to investigate the impact of deep convection on the Tropical Tropopause Layer (TTL) and the lower stratosphere by providing a new set of observational data on meteorology, tracers of horizontal and vertical transport, water vapour, clouds, and chemistry in the tropical Upper Troposphere/Lower Stratosphere (UT/LS). This was achieved using short duration research balloons to study local phenomena associated with convection over land, and long-duration balloons circumnavigating the globe to study the contrast between land and oceans. Analyses of observations of short-lived tracers, ozone and ice particles show strong episodic local updraughts of cold air across the lapse rate tropopause up to 18 or 19 km (420–440 K) in the lower stratosphere by overshooting towers. The long duration balloon and satellite measurements reveal a contrast between the composition of the lower stratosphere over land and oceanic areas, suggesting significant global impact of such events. The overshoots are shown to be well captured by non-hydrostatic meso-scale Cloud Resolving Models indicating vertical velocities of 50–60 m s−1 at the top of the Neutral Buoyancy Level (NBL) at around 14 km, but, in contrast, are poorly represented by global Chemistry-Transport Models (CTM) forced by Numerical Weather Forecast Models (NWP) underestimating the overshooting process. Finally, the data collected by the HIBISCUS balloons have allowed a thorough evaluation of temperature NWP analyses and reanalyses, as well as satellite ozone, nitrogen oxide, water vapour and bromine oxide measurements in the tropics.
Increasing Role of Nuclear weapon free Zones: Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Hamel-Green Michael
Published: March 2011

DOI: 10.5564/mjia.v0i14.18Mongolian Journal of International Affairs No.14 2007 pp.4-26
Mongolia’s efforts toward peace and stability in North East Asia
Authors: Ochirbat P
Published: March 2011

DOI: 10.5564/mjia.v0i14.19Mongolian Journal of International Affairs No.14 2007 pp.27-31
Single-State NWFZs – a response to NWFZ blind spots
Authors: Enkhsaikhan J
Published: March 2011

DOI: 10.5564/mjia.v0i14.20    Mongolian Journal of International Affairs No.14 2007 pp.32-36
Elimination of nuclear war threat is the Precondition of Abolition of Nuclear Weapons
Authors: Ryol Kang Mun
Published: March 2011

DOI: 10.5564/mjia.v0i14.26Mongolian Journal of International Affairs No.14 2007 pp.68-70
Korean Peninsula Nuclear Challenges: The Imperative of Regional Cooperative Security Solutions
Authors: Huntley Wade L
Published: March 2011

DOI: 10.5564/mjia.v0i14.27Mongolian Journal of International Affairs No.14 2007 pp.71-87
The Limited Nuclear Weapon Free Zone in Northeast Asia: Is It Feasible?
Authors: Seongwhun Cheon
Published: March 2011

DOI: 10.5564/mjia.v0i14.31Mongolian Journal of International Affairs No.14 2007 pp.106-115
Mongolia's Millennuim Development Goal-9 Indicators Project Brief
Authors: Khatanbold O
Published: March 2011

DOI: 10.5564/mjia.v0i15-16.34Mongolian Journal of International Affairs No.15-16 2008-2009 pp.135-174
An Architectural Chemistry
Authors: Khan Omar
Published: March 2011

Protocell technology has a precedent in the innovative use of plastic in the 1960s, when chemistry first came up with an innovative new material that could be applied to architecture, interiors and product design. Omar Khan describes how at the Center for Architecture and Situated Technologies at the University at Buffalo in New York, he is developing a line of research that builds on the legacy of the 1960s and 1970s for soft materials and the capabilities of an elastic responsive architecture. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bettering Biology?
Authors: Watts Bill
Published: March 2011

Is there a danger that in inventing protocells we are turning away too quickly from nature's own ‘beautifully engineered self‐assembly system’? Bill Watts, a partner at Max Fordham Consulting Engineers, asks us to take another look at the possibilities of biology for creating a wholly sustainable architecture that takes its aesthetic prompts from natural forms. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
H‐Aggregation Strategy in the Design of Molecular Semiconductors for Highly Reliable Organic Thin Film Transistors
Authors: Kim Seul‐ong , An Tae Kyu , Chen Jun , Kang Il , Kang So Hee , Chung Dae Sung , Park Chan Eon , Kim Yun‐Hi , Kwon Soon‐Ki
Published: March 2011

Four new quaterthiophene derivatives with end‐groups composed of dicyclohexyl ethyl (DCE4T), dicyclohexyl butyl (DCB4T), cyclohexyl ethyl (CE4T), and cyclohexyl butyl (CB4T) were designed. All materials showed high solubility in common organic solvents. UV–vis absorption measurements showed that the quaterthiophene derivatives with asymmetrically substituted cyclohexyl end‐groups (CE4T and CB4T) preferred H‐type aggregation whereas those with symmetrically substituted cyclohexyl end‐groups (DCE4T and DCB4T) preferred J‐type aggregation. The molecular structure‐dependent packing (H or J) of the new quaterthiophene derivatives was analyzed by grazing‐incidence wide‐angle X‐ray scattering (GIWAXS) measurements. The field‐effect mobilities of devices that incorporated the asymmetrical molecules, CE4T and CB4T, were quite high, above 10−2 cm2 V−1 s−1, due to H‐aggregation, whereas the field‐effect mobilities of devices that incorporated symmetrical molecules, DCE4T and DCB4T, were poor, below 10−4 cm2 V−1 s−1, due to J‐aggregation. More importantly, H‐aggregation within the thin film provided stable crystalline morphologies in the spin‐coated films, and, thus, thin film transistors (TFTs) using cyclohexylated quaterthiophenes yielded highly reproducible transistor performances. The distributions of measured field‐effect mobilities in transistors based on cyclohexylated quaterthiophenes with H‐aggregation were remarkably narrow.
Morphological Stabilization by In Situ Polymerization of Fullerene Derivatives Leading to Efficient, Thermally Stable Organic Photovoltaics
Authors: Cheng Yen‐Ju , Hsieh Chao‐Hsiang , Li Pei‐Jung , Hsu Chain‐Shu
Published: March 2011

The successful design and synthesis of two styryl‐functionalized fullerene derivatives, [6,6]‐phenyl‐C61‐butyric acid styryl dendron ester (PCBSD) and [6,6]‐phenyl‐C61‐butyric acid styryl ester (PCBS) is presented. The polymerizable PCBS or PCBSD materials are incorporated into a poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT):[6,6]‐phenyl‐C61‐butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) blend to form an active layer of ternary blend. The blending systems are first thermally annealed at 110 C for 10 min to induce optimal morphology, followed by heating at 150 C for 10 min to trigger the in situ polymerization of styrene groups. Through chemical crosslinking of PCBSD, the initial morphology of the blend (P3HT:PCBM:PCBSD = 6:5:1 in weight) can be effectively fixed and stably preserved. The device based on this blend shows extremely stable device characteristics, delivering an average power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 3.7% during long‐term thermal treatment. By molecular engineering to reduce the insulating portion, PCBS with higher C60 content (71 wt%) possesses better electron‐transport properties than PCBSD (58 wt%). Encouragingly, at a low doping concentration of PCBS in the blend (P3HT:PCBM:PCBS = 6:5:1 in weight), linear‐polymerized PCBS can stabilize the morphology against thermal heating. This device exhibits more balanced charge mobility to achieve an average PCE of 3.8% over 25 h heating at 150 °C.
ChemInform Abstract: Conductivity and Stability of Cobalt Pyrovanadate.
Authors: Cowin Peter I. , Lan Rong , Petit Christophe T. G. , Zhang Lei , Tao Shanwen
Published: March 2011

Co2V2O7 is synthesized by solid state reaction of CoCO3 and V2O5 (600 °C, 7 d) and characterized by XRD and conductivity measurements in oxidizing as well as reducing environments.
ChemInform Abstract: Atomic Interactions in the p‐Type Clathrate I Ba8Au5.3Ge40.7.
Authors: Grin Yuri , et al. et al.
Published: March 2011

Single crystals of the title compound are prepared from the elements using the Bridgman technique.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Characterization of Tetramethylammonium Trifluorosulfate.
Authors: Hohenstein Christian , Kadzimirsz Daniel , Ludwig Ralf , Kornath Andreas
Published: March 2011

(Me4N)[SO2F3], the first example of a [SO2F3]‐ salt, is prepared by condensing SO2F2 and MeCN at ‐196 °C into a quartz ampule containing Me4NF, followed by warming to room temperature (ultrasonic bath, a few hours, ≈100% yield).
ChemInform Abstract: The [Si(S2O7)3]2‐ Anion: A First Example of Octahedral Silicon Coordination by Three Chelating Inorganic Ligands.
Authors: Logemann Christian , Kluener Thorsten , Wickleder Mathias S.
Published: March 2011

M2[Si(S2O7)3] (M: Na, Cs) is synthesized by reaction of SiCl4 with oleum (65% SO3) in the presence of M2SO4 (glass tubes, 250 °C).
ChemInform Abstract: Ce2SeN2: Ternary Selenide Nitride Containing Tetravalent Ce in the Ce2SO2 Structure Type.
Authors: Dong Yongkwan , DiSalvo Francis J.
Published: March 2011

The new title compound is synthesized from a mixture of Ce, CeCl3, Se, and RbN3 (Nb container, argon, 900 °C, 120 h).
ChemInform Abstract: [Eu@Sn6Bi8]4‐: A Mini‐Fullerane‐Type Zintl Anion Containing a Lanthanide Ion.
Authors: Lips Felicitas , Clerac Rodolphe , Dehnen Stefanie
Published: March 2011

[K[2.2.2]crypt]4[Eu@Sn6Bi8]·1.1en is prepared by addition of a suspension of (C5Me4H)3Eu in toluene (C5Me4H: tetramethylcyclopentadienyl) to a solution of [K[2.2.2]crypt]2[Sn2Bi2]·en in en (stirring, 25 °C, 3 h; 11% yield).
ChemInform Abstract: [Mn(C4H10ON)(H2O)][Fe(CN)6]: A Three‐Dimensional Cyanide‐Bridged Ferrimagnet with a Morpholine Ligand.
Authors: Jiang Ning , Li Feng‐Yan , Xu Lin , Zhao Li‐Li , Wang Yu‐Chao
Published: March 2011

Title compound (III) crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Pnma with Z = 4 (single crystal XRD).
ChemInform Abstract: Yb3AuGe2In3: An Ordered Variant of the YbAuIn Structure Exhibiting Mixed‐Valent Yb Behavior.
Authors: Chondroudi Maria , Peter Sebastian C. , Malliakas Christos D. , Balasubramanian Mali , Li Qing'An , Kanatzidis Mercouri G.
Published: March 2011

Large single crystals of the title compound are obtained from a 3:2:3:15 mixture of Yb, Au, Ge, and In (alumina crucible in a sealed silica tube, 1000 °C, 5 h, 90% yield).
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Diastereoselective Synthesis of Optically Pure Trifluoromethyl‐Substituted Imidazolidine, Oxazolidine and Thiazolidine.
Authors: Zhang Honghai , Shen Qilong , Lu Long
Published: March 2011

A simple procedure is developed to allow the highly diastereoselective synthesis of the title compounds via a double Michael addition of chiral amides, amino alcohols or amino esters to the butanoate (I).
ChemInform Abstract: Nickel‐Catalyzed [3 + 2 + 2] Cycloadditions Between Alkynylidenecyclopropanes and Activated Alkenes.
Authors: Saya Lucia , Bhargava Gaurav , Navarro Miguel A. , Gulias Moises , Lopez Fernando , Fernandez Israel , Castedo Luis , Mascarenas Jose L.
Published: March 2011

Contrary to previous palladium‐ or rhodium‐catalyzed cycloadditions of alkynylidenecyclopropanes, which result in the formation of cycloadducts arising from the distal opening of the cyclopropane, the current method gives complementary 6,7‐fused bicyclic systems resulting from cleavage of the proximal bond of the ring.
ChemInform Abstract: Organocatalytic Diimide Reduction of Enamides in Water.
Authors: Marsh Barrie J. , Heath Emma L. , Carbery David R.
Published: March 2011

Aerobic flavin‐catalyzed reduction of a variety of enamides (I) and (III) is achieved.
ChemInform Abstract: Trimethylsilyl Chloride Promoted Selective Desulfurization of Thiocarbonyls to Carbonyls with Hydrogen Peroxide.
Authors: Bahrami Kiumars , Khodaei Mohammad Mehdi , Tajik Maryam
Published: March 2011

The operationally simple method allows the conversion of thioketones, thioamides, and thioesters.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper Iodide as a Recyclable Catalyst for Buchwald N‐Arylation.
Authors: Swapna Kokkirala , Murthy Sabbavarapu Narayana , Nageswar Yadavalli Venkata Durga
Published: March 2011

A new catalyst system is used for N‐arylations of various indoles with aryl iodides.
ChemInform Abstract: A Direct Synthesis of Functionalized Styrenes and Terminal 1,3‐Dienes via Aqueous Wittig Chemistry with Formalin.
Authors: Das Priyabrata , McLeod David , McNulty James
Published: March 2011

A novel microwave assisted synthesis of triethylphosphonium salts derived from benzylic and allylic alcohols and their direct Wittig reaction with aqueous formaldehyde is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Using Benzotriazole Esters as a Strategy in the Esterification of Tertiary Alcohols.
Authors: Morales‐Serna Jose Antonio , Vera Aline , Paleo Ehecatl , Garcia‐Rios Erendira , Gavino Ruben , Garcia de la Mora Gustavo , Cardenas Jorge
Published: March 2011

Benzotriazole esters, formed in situ from carboxylic acids and HOBt in the presence of EDC, are efficient intermediates in the esterification with tert‐butyl alcohol using either DMAP or calcinated hydrotalcite as the base.
ChemInform Abstract: Tin‐Mediated Allylation Reactions of Enol Ethers in Water.
Authors: Lin Mei‐Huey , Hung Shiang‐Fu , Lin Long‐Zhi , Tsai Wen‐Shing , Chuang Tsung‐Hsun
Published: March 2011

The iodoallylation products are not stable at room temperature.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Synthetic Route to Fluoxetine.
Authors: Schulze Matthias
Published: March 2011

Racemic fluoxetine (V), a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor is synthesized in an improved 5‐step procedure in 54% overall yield.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalyzed Friedel—Crafts Acylation and Benzoylation of Aromatic Compounds Using Activated Hematite as a Novel Heterogeneous Catalyst.
Authors: Sharghi Hashem , Jokar Mahboubeh , Doroodmand Mohammad Mahdi , Khalifeh Reza
Published: March 2011

Powdered hematite is activated by sonication under air followed by heating at 200 °C.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Efficient Palladacycle/Dihydroimidazolium Chloride System for the Suzuki—Miyaura Cross‐Coupling of Aryl Halides (I, Br, Cl) with Arylboronic Acids.
Authors: Wang Haiming , Wang Jinping , Qiu Wenwei , Yang Fan , Liu Xiaofeng , Tang Jie
Published: March 2011

A novel and highly efficient catalyst system which is readily accessible, intensitive to air, moisture, and heat, and suitable for long‐term storage is demonstrated.
ChemInform Abstract: N‐Heterocyclic Carbene‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling of Aromatic Aldehydes with Activated Alkyl Halides.
Authors: Padmanaban Mohan , Biju Akkattu T. , Glorius Frank
Published: March 2011

The conceptually novel process consists of the carbene‐catalyzed umpolung of aldehydes and the following interception with diarylbromomethanes.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Three‐Component Synthesis of 3‐(5‐Alkyl/aryl‐1,3,4‐oxadiazol‐2‐yl) ‐3‐hydroxy‐1,3‐dihydro‐2H‐indol‐2‐ones.
Authors: Adib Mehdi , Sheikhi Ehsan , Kavoosi Azadeh , Bijanzadeh Hamid Reza
Published: March 2011

The simple procedure including Ph3P=N‐NC offers a direct entry to the pharmacologically interesting title compounds (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: [CoCl(TPPyP)], a Novel Bifunctional Catalyst for the Coupling Reaction of Carbon Dioxide and Propylene Oxide.
Authors: Ren Tiegang , Li Weijie , Bu Zhanwei , Yang Lirong , Wang Zhiqiang
Published: March 2011

The new title catalyst, which has a Lewis acid and a Lewis base center, provides under mild reaction conditions an improved catalytic efficiency even in the absence of co‐catalyst for the title reaction, c.f.
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral Bicycle Imidazole Nucleophilic Catalysts: Rational Design, Facile Synthesis, and Successful Application in Asymmetric Steglich Rearrangement.
Authors: Zhang Zhenfeng , Xie Fang , Jia Jia , Zhang Wanbin
Published: March 2011

Chiral imidazole nucleophilic catalysts (I) are successful applied in the Steglich rearrangement without H‐bonding assistance.
ChemInform Abstract: A Straightforward Approach Towards 5‐Substituted Thiazolylpeptides via the Thio‐Ugi‐Reaction.
Authors: Kazmaier Uli , Persch Andrea
Published: March 2011

Thiopeptides (I) or (X), obtained by the thio‐Ugi reaction, are cyclized with a wide range of acid chlorides or anhydrides to give 5‐substituted thiazolyl peptides.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Synthesis of Hexahydro‐3‐methyl‐1‐arylchromeno[3,4‐b]pyrrole and Its Annulated Heterocycles as Potent Antimicrobial Agents for Human Pathogens.
Authors: Purushothaman S. , Prasanna R. , Niranjana P. , Raghunathan R. , Nagaraj S. , Rengasamy R.
Published: March 2011

All synthesized compounds exhibit good antimicrobial properties against most of the tested microorganisms.
ChemInform Abstract: Heteroaromatic Cation‐Based Chromophores: Synthesis and Nonlinear Optical Properties of Alkynylazinium Salts.
Authors: Caneque Tatiana , Cuadro Ana M. , Alvarez‐Builla Julio , Perez‐Moreno Javier , Clays Koen , Marcelo Gema , Mendicuti Francisco , Castano Obis , Andres Jose L. , Vaquero Juan J.
Published: March 2011

A variety of azinium cations (D‐π‐A+) are synthesized by the Sonogashira reaction in good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Assisted Diversity‐Oriented Domino Synthesis of Functionalized Nicotinic Acid Derivatives.
Authors: Tejedor David , Mendez‐Abt Gabriela , Garcia‐Tellado Fernando
Published: March 2011

Various functionalized alkyl nicotinates are obtained from propargyl vinyl ethers by the present microwave reaction tolerating a wide range of alkyl and aryl substitution patterns.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Evaluation of Quinolines and Bis(indolyl)methanes.
Authors: Praveen C. , DheenKumar P. , Muralidharan D. , Perumal P. T.
Published: March 2011

All synthesized compounds of type (III) exhibit good antimicrobial activities with (IIIe) being more active than the standard bis(indoyl)methanes (VIc) and (VId) show better activity than the standard against S.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective [2 + 2 + 2] Cycloaddition Reaction of Isocyanates and Allenes Catalyzed by Nickel.
Authors: Miura Tomoya , Morimoto Masao , Murakami Masahiro
Published: March 2011

The title reaction gives an efficient access to enantiomerically enriched dihydropyrimidine‐2,4‐diones such as (III), (V), (VII) or (IX).
ChemInform Abstract: Photochemical and Thermal Cyclizations of 4‐(2‐Azidophenyl)‐3,4‐dihydropyrimidin‐2‐ones for the Synthesis of 4‐Methylenepyrimidino[4,5‐b]indol‐2‐ones.
Authors: Ren Yu‐wei , Wang Xuerui , Wang Weixia , Li Bing , Shi Zhong‐jun , Zhang Wei
Published: March 2011

The cyclization of azides (I) and (III) proceeds via nitrene electrophilic addition and rearrangement reactions to give fused indole derivatives under both photochemical and thermal conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Azole‐Containing Piperazine Derivatives and Evaluation of Their Antibacterial, Antifungal and Cytotoxic Activities.
Authors: Gan Lin‐Ling , Fang Bo , Zhou Cheng‐He
Published: March 2011

Most of the synthesized azole‐containing piperazine derivatives exhibit moderate to significant antibacterial and antifungal activities in vitro.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Epoxide Formation in the Reaction of 2‐Bromo‐3‐methyl‐1,4‐naphthoquinone with 1,3‐Propanedithiol.
Authors: Lam Tom M. , Lee Chain , Katardjieff Katherine , Otsuki Tetsuo
Published: March 2011

Epoxide (III) is formed as the major product in the microwave‐assisted reaction of naphthoquinone (I) with propanedithiol (II) in the presence of triethylamine.
ChemInform Abstract: 1,2,3‐Triazolyl Amino Acids as AMPA Receptor Ligands.
Authors: Stanley N. J. , Pedersen D. Sejer , Nielsen B. , Kvist T. , Mathiesen J. M. , Braeuner‐Osborne H. , Taylor D. K. , Abell A. D.
Published: March 2011

Initial investigations towards the synthesis and glutamate receptor activity of triazolyl amino acids are undertaken.
ChemInform Abstract: Straightforward Synthesis of Triazoloacyclonucleotide Phosphonates as Potential HCV Inhibitors.
Authors: Elayadi Hanane , Smietana Michael , Pannecouque Christophe , Leyssen Pieter , Neyts Johan , Vasseur Jean‐Jacques , Lazrek Hassan B.
Published: March 2011

Compounds (IVc) and (IVd) exhibit most potent anti‐HCV activity without cytotoxicity.
ChemInform Abstract: Carbon Nanotubes: Measuring Dispersion and Length
Authors: Fagan Jeffrey A. , et al. et al.
Published: March 2011

Review: 56 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Topochemical Manipulation of Perovskites: Low‐Temperature Reaction Strategies for Directing Structure and Properties
Authors: Ranmohotti K. G. Sanjaya , Josepha Elisha , Choi Jonglak , Zhang Jianxia , Wiley John B.
Published: March 2011

Review: 180 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Epitaxial Growth of Silver Nanoplates
Authors: Wang Yuxuan , Fang Jiye
Published: March 2011

Review: 21 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Polyanion Condensation in Inorganic and Hybrid Fluoroaluminates
Authors: Adil Karim , Cadiau Amandine , Hemon‐Ribaud Annie , Leblanc Marc , Maisonneuve Vincent
Published: March 2011

Review: 119 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Crystal Engineering of Hybrid Inorganic—Organic Systems Based Upon Complexes with Dissymmetric Compartmental Ligands
Authors: Andruh Marius , Branzea Diana G. , Gheorghe Ruxandra , Madalan Augustin M.
Published: March 2011

Review: 74 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Gas Phase Ligand Fragmentation to Unmask Reactive Metallic Species
Authors: O'Hair Richard A. J.
Published: March 2011

Review: 112 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Heterogeneously Catalyzed Ammoxidation: A Valuable Tool for One‐Step Synthesis of Nitriles
Authors: Martin Andreas , Kalevaru Venkata Narayana
Published: March 2011

Review: 258 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Syntheses of Nitrogen‐Containing Cyclic Natural Products Based on Aryl Amination
Authors: Okano Kentaro , Fukuyama Tohru , Tokuyama Hidetoshi
Published: March 2011

Review: ca. 50 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel L‐Amino Acid Ligases Catalyzing Oligopeptide Synthesis
Authors: Kino Kuniki
Published: March 2011

Review: 10 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Development of Revolutionary Enzymatic Reactions in Organic Solvents with Molecular Display
Authors: Ueda Mitsuyoshi
Published: March 2011

Review: 11 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Mechanistic Variations of the Povarov Multicomponent Reaction and Related Processes
Authors: Bello Davide , Ramon Rosario , Lavilla Rodolfo
Published: March 2011

Review: 82 refs.
Preparation and characterisation of copper‐substituted SBA‐16 type mesoporous materials by modified pH‐adjusting method
Authors: Shah Asma Tufail , Li Baoshan , Nagra Saeed Ahmad
Published: March 2011

Copper‐containing SBA‐16 type mesoporous material was synthesised by modified pH‐adjusting method at different pH values (pH 3, 5, and 7). In this method after formation of materials' basic structure the pH of mixture was adjusted with aqueous ammonia solution, stirred and filtered directly avoiding second hydrothermal treatment. The characterisation results revealed that copper was successfully incorporated into silica framework. The pH value was found to be a very important parameter in deciding the final structure, pH 5 was the most suitable pH value for preparation of ordered Cu‐SBA‐16, increase in pH to 7 resulted in formation of structure with less order. The material was applied for adsorption desulfurisation of dibenzothiophene (DBT) to check its performance.
Type A Aortic Intramural Hematoma: Clinical Features and Outcomes in Chinese Patients
Authors: Ho Hee Hwa , Cheung Chi Wai , Jim Man Hong , Miu Kin Man , Siu Chung Wah , Lam Yui Ming , Chan Hon Wah , Lee Wai Luen , Tse Hung Fat
Published: March 2011

Background

The purpose of this study was to describe the clinical characteristics and clinical outcomes for Chinese patients with type A intramural hematoma (IMH).

Methods and Results

We studied 90 patients with Stanford type A acute aortic syndrome who presented to our institution from 1998 to 2005 and evaluated the presentation, management, and clinical outcomes of acute IMH by comparing these patients with those diagnosed with classical aortic dissection (AD). A total of 34 patients had IMH and they tended to be older (69.7 ± 12.4 versus 60.5 ± 16.2 years; p = 0.006). The development of pericardial effusion was more frequent in patients with IMH than in patients with AD. They were also less likely to receive surgery as compared to AD patients (26.5% versus 73.2%; p < 0.0001). Overall mortality of IMH was not significantly higher than that of classic AD (29.4% versus 21.4%; p = 0.45). For IMH patients, the mortality rate with medical treatment was 32%. Ten (40%) of the 25 medically treated patients developed adverse outcomes. However, no independent predictors of adverse outcomes were identified in the study. In follow‐up imaging studies of 15 patients who survived IMH without surgical repair, 14 patients showed complete resolution of IMH and 1 progressed into classical AD.

Conclusion

Acute type A IMH in Chinese patients showed a high mortality rate with medical treatment. It has a highly unpredictable course with no reliable clinical and anatomical predictors. Surgical therapy should be the treatment of choice for Chinese patients with acute IMH, especially those who are younger and have less comorbidities. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Multivessel vs Single‐Vessel Revascularization in Patients With Non–ST‐Segment Elevation Acute Coronary Syndrome and Multivessel Disease in the Drug‐Eluting Stent Era
Authors: Lee Hyun Jong , Song Young Bin , Hahn Joo‐Yong , Kim Sang Min , Yang Ji Hyun , Choi Joon Hyouk , Choi Seung‐Hyuk , Choi Jin‐Ho , Lee Sang Hoon , Gwon Hyeon‐Cheol
Published: March 2011

Background:

We sought to compare long‐term outcomes for multivessel revascularization (MVR) vs single‐vessel revascularization (SVR) with drug‐eluting stents (DES) in patients with non–ST‐segment elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE‐ACS) and multivessel coronary artery disease (MVD).

Hypothesis:

In DES era, MVR would improve long‐term clinical outcomes in patients with NSTE‐ACS.

Methods:

We studied 179 patients undergoing MVR and 187 patients undergoing SVR for NSTE‐ACS and MVD. Major adverse cardiac events (MACE) were defined as death, myocardial infarction, or any revascularization.

Results:

During follow‐up (median 36 months), MACE occurred in 96 patients (26.2%); 35 (19.6%) in the MVR group and 61 (32.6%) in the SVR group (P = 0.003). In multivariate analysis, MVR was associated with a lower incidence of MACE (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.50, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.30–0.85) and revascularization (HR: 0.43, 95% CI: 0.24–0.78), but not of death (HR: 0.69, 95% CI: 0.25–1.93) and myocardial infarction (HR: 0.39, 95% CI: 0.11–1.47). The incidence of periprocedural renal dysfunction was not significantly different between patients undergoing MVR vs SVR (3.4% vs 1.6%, P = 0.33). Definite or probable stent thrombosis occurred at a similar rate (2.2% in the MVR group and 2.7% in the SVR group, P = 0.99).

Conclusions:

In patients with NSTE‐ACS and MVD, MVR using drug‐eluting stents may reduce MACE. Our findings should be confirmed by a prospective, randomized trial. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

This work was supported by Sungkyunkwan University Foundation for Corporate Collaboration (2008‐1366‐000) and the IN‐SUNG Foundation for Medical Research, Republic of Korea (CA88161). The authors have no other funding, financial relationships, or conflicts of interest to disclose.
First‐Ever Atrial Fibrillation Documented After Hemorrhagic or Ischemic Stroke: The Role of the CHADS2 Score at the Time of Stroke
Authors: Henriksson Karin M. , Farahmand Bahman , Åsberg Signild , Terént Andreas , Edvardsson Nils
Published: March 2011

Background:

The CHADS2 score (C, congestive heart failure [CHF]; H, hypertension [HT]; A, age ≥75 y; D, diabetes mellitus; S2, prior stroke or transient ischemic attack) is used to assess the risk of ischemic stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). However, its role in patients without documented AF is not well explored.

Hypothesis:

The goal of the current study was to explore if the incidence of hospitalization with first‐ever AF after stroke increased with increasing CHADS2 score.

Methods:

We identified 57636 patients with nonfatal stroke and no documented AF in the Swedish Stroke Register (Riks‐Stroke) during 2001–2004 and followed them for a mean of 2.2 years through record linkage to the Inpatient and Cause of Death registers. Cox regression hazard models were used to estimate the relative risk (RR) of new AF following stroke and its association with different CHADS2 scores.

Results:

Overall, 2769 patients were hospitalized with new AF (4.8%, 21.7 per 1000 person‐years). The incidence increased from 9.6 per 1000 person‐years in CHADS2 score 0 to 42.7 in CHADS2 score 6, conferring a RR of 4.2 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.5–6.8). For CHADS2 scores 3–5, the RRs were approximately 3 (vs CHADS2 score 0). Adjusted RRs were 1.9 (95% CI: 1.7–2.1) for CHF, 1.4 (95% CI: 1.3–1.5) for HT, 2.1 (95% CI: 2.0–2.3) for age ≥75 years, 0.9 (95% CI: 0.8–1.0) for diabetes, and 1.0 (95% CI: 0.91–1.07) for previous stroke. The risk of AF was higher in ischemic than in hemorrhagic stroke.

Conclusions:

In this retrospective register study, the incidence of AF following stroke was strongly influenced by higher CHADS2 scores where age ≥75 years, CHF, and HT were the contributing CHADS2 components. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Riks‐Stroke is funded by the National Board of Health and Welfare and the Swedish Association of Local Authorities and Regions. S. Åsberg has received a research scholarship from the National Association for Stroke Patients in Sweden. All authors have independent affiliations with universities in Sweden. B. Farahmand and K. Henriksson are employees of AstraZeneca R&D, Sweden. A. Terént has received funding from AstraZeneca. N. Edvardsson serves as medical advisor to AstraZeneca R&D, Sweden. The authors have no other funding, financial relationships, or conflicts of interest to disclose.
Apical Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: Correlations Between Echocardiographic Parameters, Angiographic Left Ventricular Morphology, and Clinical Outcomes
Authors: Chen Chao‐Chin , Lei Meng‐Huan , Hsu Yu‐Cheng , Chung Sheng‐Liang , Sung Yen‐Jen
Published: March 2011

Background:

Echocardiographic parameters could be implicated in the development of apical asynergy (characterized by apical sequestration or apical aneurysm) and worse cardiovascular outcome in patients with apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (ApHCM).

Hypothesis:

Echocardiographic parameters and morphological patterns of left ventriculograms are associated with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with ApHCM.

Methods:

We followed 47 cases with echocardiographically documented ApHCM. Echocardiographic findings of the extent and degree of hypertrophy, sustained cavity obliteration, and paradoxical diastolic jet flow were measured. All patients underwent a cardiac catheterization except for the cases whose informed consent was not acquired. The clinical manifestations were assessed and recorded by the attending physicians during 35.4 ± 23.7 months follow‐up.

Results:

Among the 47 patients with ApHCM, 30 patients presented as the “pure” form and 17 patients present as the “mixed” form. Seventeen of 28 patients with sustained cavity obliteration showed paradoxical flow by echocardiography. Thirty‐one underwent left ventriculograms and showed morphological abnormalities, including “ace‐of‐spades” configuration (15/31), apical sequestration (12/31), and apical aneurysm (4/31). The results demonstrated that cardiovascular morbidities occurred in 21 of 47 patients and were closely related to the presence of mixed form ApHCM, cavity obliteration, and paradoxical flow by univariate and multivariate Cox analysis. During the period of follow‐up, 4 patients (9.5%) died, and among them 3 had concomitant apical aneurysm.

Conclusions:

We concluded that detection of cavity obliteration and paradoxical flow and discrimination of pure form from mixed form by echocardiography, as well apical sequestration from apical aneurysm in ApHCM patients, is warranted. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

This work was supported in part by grants from Lo‐Tung Poh‐Ai Hospital. The authors have no other funding, financial relationships, or conflicts of interest to disclose.
Epicardial Adipose Tissue: An Emerging Role for the Development of Coronary Atherosclerosis
Authors: de Feyter Pim J.
Published: March 2011

The author has no funding, financial relationships, or conflicts of interest to disclose.
NT‐proBNP Provides Incremental Prognostic Information in Cardiac Outpatients With and Without Echocardiographic Findings
Authors: Toggweiler Stefan , Borst Oliver , Enseleit Frank , Hermann Matthias , Ruschitzka Frank , Lüscher Thomas F. , Noll Georg
Published: March 2011

Background:

Outpatients frequently present with elevated natriuretic peptides in the absence of an obvious cardiac abnormality or with normal natriuretic peptides despite echocardiographic findings.

Hypothesis:

We aimed to determine the prognostic value of N‐terminal pro B‐type natriuretic peptide (NTpBNP) in outpatients with normal and abnormal echocardiography.

Methods:

A total of 433 cardiovascular outpatients were included. The prognostic value of NTpBNP in patients with normal and abnormal echocardiography during a 2‐year follow‐up was evaluated.

Results:

Patients with abnormal echocardiography and elevated NTpBNP had a mortality rate of 8.7% and an overall event rate of 20.2% (composite end point of overall mortality, myocardial infarction, and hospitalization for heart failure), which was significantly higher than in patients with abnormal echocardiography and normal NTpBNP, in which no mortality (P = 0.011) and no events were observed (P<0.001). In patients with a normal echocardiography, mortality was 1.5% and 1.8% for patients with normal and elevated NTpBNP, respectively (P = 1.000). Composite event rate was 1.5% and 8.9% (P = 0.093), respectively.

Conclusions:

Patients with low NTpBNP have an excellent prognosis irrespective of echocardiographic findings. Therefore, determination of NTpBNP appears useful in assessing the clinical relevance of echocardiographic findings. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

The authors have no funding, financial relationships, or conflicts of interest to disclose.

Stefan Toggweiler, MD and Oliver Borst, MD contributed equally to this work.
Obesity and Left Ventricular Dilatation in Young Adulthood: The Bogalusa Heart Study
Authors: Bazzano Lydia A. , Belame Suresh N. , Patel Dharmendrakumar A. , Chen Wei , Srinivasan Santhur , McIlwain Elizabeth , Berenson Gerald S.
Published: March 2011

Background:

Cardiac enlargement is an important predictor of adverse cardiovascular (CV) events. Left ventricular (LV) dilatation is a precursor both of LV dysfunction and clinical heart failure. The present study examines risk factors for LV dilatation among 832 young adults (341 male, 491 female) who participated in the Bogalusa Heart Study.

Hypothesis:

A unique set of risk factors predicts LV dilatation among young adults.

Methods:

Standard ventricular dimensions were determined by M‐mode echocardiography and indexed to height using a standard method. LV dilatation was considered as the top 20th percentile of LV end‐diastolic dimension indexed to height. Logistic regression models were used, stratified by race and sex, to assess the relationship of CV risk factors with quintile of LV end‐diastolic dimension indexed to height.

Results:

The mean age (standard deviation) of men and women in the population was 36.4 years (3.9 years) and 35.9 years (4.6 years), respectively. In sex‐specific models adjusted for age, race, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, and glycosylated hemoglobin, body mass index (BMI) was a significant predictor of LV dilatation in both men and women. The odds ratio (95% confidence interval) for a 1‐unit change in BMI was 1.12 (1.02–1.19) in men and 1.09 (1.05–1.13) in women. Among men, triglyceride level was also significantly associated with LV dilatation (P = 0.03), whereas among women there was no such association.

Conclusions:

Our findings indicate that obesity is the most consistent predictor of LV dilatation in both men and women, whereas triglyceride level was a significant predictor among men only. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

The Bogalusa Heart Study is supported by a grant from the National Institute of Aging (5R01AG016592). Dr. Bazzano was supported by grant no. K08HL091108 from the National Heart Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI). The authors have no other funding, financial relationships, or conflicts of interest to disclose.
Paving the Coronaries With Stents: Okay in Acute Coronary Syndromes?
Authors: Bavry Anthony A.
Published: March 2011

The author has no funding, financial relationships, or conflicts of interest to disclose.
Atypical developmental trajectory of functionally significant cortical areas in children with chromosome 22q11.2 deletion syndrome
Authors: Srivastava Siddharth , Buonocore Michael H. , Simon Tony J.
Published: March 2011

Chromosome 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS) is a neurogenetic disorder associated with neurocognitive impairments. This article focuses on the cortical gyrification changes that are associated with the genetic disorder in 6–15‐year‐old children with 22q11.2DS, when compared with a group of age‐matched typically developing (TD) children. Local gyrification index (lGI; Schaer et al. [2008]: IEEE Trans Med Imaging 27:161–170) was used to characterize the cortical gyrification at each vertex of the pial surface. Vertex‐wise statistical analysis of lGI differences between the two groups revealed cortical areas of significant reduction in cortical gyrification in children with 22q11.2DS, which were mainly distributed along the medial aspect of each hemisphere. To gain further insight into the developmental trajectory of the cortical gyrification, we examined age as a factor in lGI changes over the 6–15 years of development, within and across the two groups of children. Our primary results pertaining to the developmental trajectory of cortical gyrification revealed cortical regions where the change in lGI over the 6–15 years of age was significantly modulated by diagnosis, implying an atypical development of cortical gyrification in children with 22q11.2DS, when compared with the TD children. Significantly, these cortical areas included parietal structures that are associated, in typical individuals, with visuospatial, attentional, and numerical cognition tasks in which children with 22q11.2DS show impairments. Hum Brain Mapp, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Physico‐Mechanical Properties of Biodegradable Rubber Toughened Polymers
Authors: Farsetti S. , Cioni B. , Lazzeri A.
Published: March 2011

Summary: In this study, blends of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) with poly(butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate) (PBAT) were studied for their mechanical and thermal properties as a function of the PBAT content. Tensile testing, impact testing, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMTA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to characterize the blends. It was observed that PLA/PBAT blends maintained quite high modulus and tensile strength compared to pure PLA. Small amounts of PBAT improved the elongation at break and the impact resistance showing a debonding effect typical of rubber toughened systems.