bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Construction Cluster: Trends and Prospects
Authors: Tokunova Galina Fedorovna
Published: October 2014

Construction is among the top priorities in the economy; it has direct impact on the population’s standard of life. Trends in construction resent some key indexes to evaluate the level of economic and social development of a country. During the latest decades, the above-mentioned notions have brought forward the cluster policy, which can dramatically influence the competitive strength of both the construction business and of the national economy as a whole. The particular feature of cluster policy is that it unites the economic and social policy of the State with management of business entities. The purpose of the present article is as follows: basing on the analysis of the performance of construction clusters of various countries in Europe, highlight their common and specific features and propose directions for further development. The tasks of the present investigation are: firstly, identify specific features of establishing and developing construction clusters; secondly, define the basic features of European construction clusters, thirdly, identify common and specific features of construction clusters in various countries of Europe, fourthly, propose courses of action to promote the cluster policy in regard to the sphere of construction.
Research on the Effectiveness of Water Drainage from Concrete Road Surfaces Depending on the Texture Parameters
Authors: Rajczyk Marlena , Respondek Zbigniew
Published: October 2014

The article presents ways of constructing concrete road surface built with the polygon technology. It discusses ways of finishing the texture of the surface to obtain proper anti-skidding properties. It presents the results of research on the influence of various concrete surface texture parameters and surface inclination to the horizontal on the effectiveness and the rate of rainwater drainage.
Peculiarities of Urban Strategy Formation of the Republic of Armenia
Authors: Aloyan Artyom A. , Safaryan Ashot Yu.
Published: October 2014

Issues of establishing new methodology for urban strategy of the Republic of Armenia are considered. Тhe peculiarities of urban policy at different stages of economic growth of the country are studied. Analysis of underlying legislative, normative and project documents of the post-Soviet period are carried out, particularly territorial planning projects of the Republic of Armenia and separate regions, recently approved master plans and zoning projects of the majority of RA cities. Based on studies formerly undertaken by local scientific subdivisions on development of theoretical basis and prospects for growth of architectural, town planning and building complexes, systems of Urban Code and Urban Cadastre as well have established legislative and normative background, and within the structure of architectural and building complexes а qualitative leap has occured. However, all these developments and urban documents as products of transition period are based on relatively incomplete taxon data. It is obvious that the role of state control and programs formulating single state urban development strategy will increase and remain significant. Division of urban planning activities into separate categories is given that is considered both in an alternative and complex aspect, in the light of basic goals implementation of prospective urban policy and internationally enshrined principles of sustainable development are proposed.
Multi-Criteria Optimization and its Application to Earthwork Processes
Authors: Paulovičová Lucia
Published: October 2014

Selection of equipment for construction projects is a complex process which is a key factor in the success of the project. The purpose of equipment selection is in the most cases to select optimum equipment in terms of optimal criteria which are often in contradiction. This contribution is focused on application of some multi-criteria methods for solving multi-criteria optimization problems in the area of earthwork processes because the choice of these methods is almost difficult. These techniques have been implemented in an earthwork process and selected equipment which are available on the market by company Caterpillar. In this contribution are presented the key mathematical models for these methods, which have been created as a tool for comparison of selected equipment.
Design of Mechanized Concrete Processes
Authors: Prokopčák Lukáš
Published: October 2014

The objective of any construction work is defined as the optimal use of resources, it is focused on building efficiency, so as to ensure quality in reaching the minimum construction costs and ensure environmental protection, safety at work. The building production is affected by many factors. With some we can count, but we cannot predict some for certain in advance. The essential precondition for successful implementation of a construction is thorough and timely preparation of pre-production and production engineering (technology designing), which provides for the effective implementation of the works.
Numerical Analysis of the 2-Dimensional Diffusion Models of Choride Ions Based on the FDM with Alternating Direction Implicit Schemes
Authors: Hou Fei , Bai Yu , Dong Jun
Published: October 2014

Chloride ion etching is a significant reason for the damage of the reinforced concrete structures. Diffusion effect is considered to be the main form of which the chloride ion invades into the reinforced concrete structures. Assuming infinite diffusion medium, based on the Chlorine ion diffusion equation, and accounting for the effects of temperature and moisture, models of chloride diffusion in two-dimensional infinite body with consistent coefficient of diffusion and different coefficient of diffusion in both directions are formulated .Two-dimensional chloride ion diffusion behavior was simulated, which proved the diffusion coefficient has a larger effect on the diffusion behavior of the chloride ion. Through these comparisons, we can analysis that model with different coefficient of diffusion in both directions is more suitable for the actual conditions.
Electrically Conductive Ultrafine Fibers of PVA-PEDOT/PSS and PVA-AgNPs by Means of Electrospinning
Authors: Pisesweerayos Prasit , Dangtip Somsak , Supaphol Pitt , Srikhirin Toemsak
Published: October 2014

This research project produced two fabricated ultrafine conductive polymeric fibers. The first fiber was fabricated from a polymer and conductive polymer solution, and the second was fabricated from a polymer and metal nanoparticle/ nanocomposite. The resulting fibers were characterized and analyzed. For all fiber samples, the ultrafine polymeric fibers were fabricated using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). The conductive polymer used in the first fiber sample was poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/ polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT/PSS). The conductive nanoparticles used in the second fiber sample were silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). The ultrafine conductive polymer fibers and the ultrafine conductive nanoparticle fibers were fabricated using an electrospining process. During the fabrication process of each fiber sample, different concentrations of either PEDOT/PSS, for fiber sample one, or AgNPs, for fiber sample two, were combined in PVA solution. Using optimal conditions, ultrafine fibers were fabricated at intervals of 5 min for the creation of random fibers, and intervals of 20 min for the creation of aligned fiber mats. The resulting fibers ranged from 0.1 μm to 0.2 μm in diameter. After characterization and analysis of the conductive ultrafine polymeric fibers, using either the PVA:PEDOT/PSS compound or the PVA:AgNPs compound, both samples produced greater conductive capacities with greater concentrations of solution. For the random fiber samples, the conductive capacity was sporadic. However, the ultrafine fiber mats (PVA:AgNPs) supported a capacity from 3.64 S/cm to 10.64 S/cm, and the PVA:PEDOT/PSS ultrafine fiber mats supported a capacity from 4.49 S/cm to 7.08 S/cm.
Electrospinning Process of Ethylene-co-Vinyl Alcohol Nanofiber with DMAC/IPA Solution System
Authors: Zhang Yin Ling , Jiang Ting Ting , Cai Xiu Li , Kang Wei Min , Cheng Bo Wen
Published: October 2014

The nanofibers of EVOH which was dissolved in DMAC/IPA solution system were successfully prepared by eletrospinning. Through designed the electrospinning parameter of EVOH and observed the fiber morphology by the Field Emission Scanning Electronic Microscope(FESEM), we analyzed the influence of different spinning parameters to the fibers. And finally the optimum spinning process of EVOH nanofibers was obtained, which has the spinning concentration of 18wt%, spinning voltage of 29kV and receiving distance of 18cm. The average diameters of the well spun fibers using the solution system were concentrated between 65nm-105nm.
Effect of Adding Cattle Dung on the Slurry Ability of Biomass Coal-Water Slurry
Authors: Guo Yu , Chen Qian Lin , Wei Da Peng
Published: October 2014

In the paper, new composite coal water slurry is prepared by the cattle dung. This new CWS utilizes biomass waste instead of some content coal, and it shows similar property with CWS by pure coal. The co-slurrying properties and the influences of adding amount and preparation conditions of cattle dung were studied. Experiments show that: the adding cattle dung could prepare coal-water slurry with more stabilization than not, but the calorific value of biomass CWS is less than pure coal. For keeping the calorific value of biomass CWS, the dry biomass dosage can reach 7%. Through the experiment detection biomass-CWS properties, we found the best preparation conditions and the best ratio of cattle dung, coal, water and additives for co-slurrying. As the result shown, the biomass-CWS is prepared by wet process with 53% coal, 7%water and 0.6% additive. Consider fresh cattle dung having 70% water, this CWS should be prepared by wet pulping and ball milling 60mins.
Preparation and Luminescence Properties of ZnS: Cu/Fe
Nanocrystalline
Authors: Zhang Xiang , Huang Jin Liang , Li Li Hua
Published: October 2014

ZnS: Cu/Fe nanocrystals were synthesized by hydrothermal method with thioglycolic acid as a stabilizer. The phases, grain size and luminescent properties of the nanocrystals were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and fluorescence photometer respectively. The results showed that ZnS: Cu/Fe nanoparticles have a particle size about 7nm and possess a cubic zinc blende crystal structure. The luminous intensity of ZnS: Cu/Fe nanocrystals was strongly when they were reacted at 140°C for 12 hours.
Research on the Preparation and Antibacterial Property of Nanometer-Magnesium Oxide Powder
Authors: Zhou Bo , Liu Jun , Zhang Jie
Published: October 2014

With the H2C2O4·2H2O and Mg(NO3)2·6H2O as the raw materials, nanometer-MgO powder was synthesized at different temperature by the low temperature solid phase method. After the characterization of the structure and property of this kind of nanometer-MgO powder with TG, XRD, SEM and FT-IR, etc, the antibacterial property of nanometer-MgO powder toEscherichia ColiandStaphylococcus Aureuswas examined through the bacteriostatic circle method. The results indicated that the powder was single crystal, complete crystallization and uniform distribution with the 10 nm of particle size. It had better resistance and capacity of killing bacteria and the diameter of the bacteriostatic circle was greater than 19 mm.
Nano-Chromium Trioxide Preparation from Chromium-Containing Waste Liquid Accompanying 16-Dehydropregnenolone Acetate
Authors: Liao Quan Bin , Dai Zhong Xu , Li Fa Hua , Liu Ming Guo
Published: October 2014

In polysorbate 80 - alcohol system, Cr2O3 powder had been prepared by using chromium-containing waste liquid from 16-dehydropregnenolone acetate. A precipitation was obtained when water was separated from the wastewater. The nanosample was got after the precipitation was calcined at 250 °C and 600 °C. Cr2O3 powder structure was characterized by FT-IR, SEM and XRD. The results show that the powders are spherical hexagonal system Cr2O3 nanoparticles. The particles size prepared in polysorbate 80 and n-Amyl alcohol system are 50-95 nm. The average value is 78 nm.
Synthesis of Oriented ZnO Nanofibers Using Electrospun Method on Si (100) Substrate
Authors: Lu Xiu Zhen , Xu Ming Tao , Chang Yan Yan , Peng Bo
Published: October 2014

ZnO nanofibers on Si (100) were synthesized by electrospun and calcination process. The morphology, structure and optical performance were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy and photoluminescence (PL) spectrum. XRD results indicated ZnO nanofibers on Si (100) wafer calcined at 600 °C had a preferred growth orientation of (002) direction. ZnO nanofibers calcinated at 600 °C had an excellent crystalline structure with the diameters ranging from 70 to 150 nm. Defect states in the ZnO nanofibers were observed, which resulted in the green emission in PL spectrum.
Effects of Al-Doping on the Thermoelectric Properties of ZnO:Al Thin Films
Authors: Luo Jing Ting , Zhu Mao Dong , Gu Di , Wang Liu Yang , Lin Qing Yun , Li Ying Zhen , Zheng Zhuang Hao
Published: October 2014

Zn1-xAlxO (AZO,x=0, 1.2, 2.1, 2.8 and 3.8 at.%) films were deposited on glass substrates at room-temperature by magnetron sputtering using Zn-Al alloy target. The influence of Al-doping on the thermoelectric properties of AZO films was systematically investigated. It was found that the electrical conductivity at room temperature increased from ~450 S/m (undoped ZnO) to 5.7×104S/m (Zn0.979Al0.021O). The Seebeck coefficient of Zn0.972Al0.028O and Zn0.979Al0.021O film increased stably with the increase of temperature from room temperature up to 300 °C. The power factor of Zn0.972Al0.028O thin film increased significantly with increasing of temperature and reached a maximum value of 17.9×10-5Wm-1K-2at 300 °C, which was about three times larger than that of undoped ZnO films.
The Resistance-Strain Characteristics of the Knitted Fabric Based on Conductive Composite Yarn
Authors: Dong Wei Guo , Ma Cong , Ma Jian Hui
Published: October 2014

A kind of conductive composite yarn was designed and manufactured, then the resistance-strain characteristics of the knitted fabric based on the conductive composite yarn were tested and analyzed. The result showed that the yarn has excellent elastic deformation, better conductive performance, and good spin ability. The relationship between tensile deformation and resistance complies with contact resistance theory, the increasing of the elongation, the decreasing of the resistance. The resistance-strain curve accords with quadratic model, but the curve is linear Approximation and highly sensitive for the stresses of 0—12%. The sensitive of the curve is affected by the twist of the conductive composite yarn, the smaller the twist, the higher the sensitivity.
The Study of GaAsP/GaP Photodiode for Yellow Light Detection
Authors: Xiao Xue Fang , Lei Guo Wei , Chen Chao
Published: October 2014

A novel photodiode was fabricated for detecting the weak emission light of infrared up-conversion material. This GaAsP/GaP photodiode has a PIN structure, with the spectral response range is 500nm to 650nm, and the peak sensitivity wavelength is 555nm. The dark current is below 4nA at a bias of-5V. The response characteristics is 0.12μA/μW at a bias of-5V.
Improving Gravure Plate-Making Method to Printing Transparent Conductive Film
Authors: Lu Jian Dong , Deng Pu Jun , Li Lu Hai , Ran Jun
Published: October 2014

The metal grid transparent conductive film is a kind of important electronic material. The production method is a valuable topic. Gravure printing, as one direct-printing method, is suitable for printing the metal grid transparent conductive film, according to gravure printing principle. This paper focuses on improving gravure plate to print the metal grid transparent conductive film. Firstly, the nano-sliver grid transparent conductive film is printed by electronic engraving plate and laser ablation plate. Then, according to the analysis result that the resistivity of the nano-sliver grid transparent conductive film printed by two general plates is too high to meet the requirements of the transparent conductive film, the general plate-making methods is improved to make the new gravure plate. Last, the metal grid transparent conductive film, with relatively high light transmittance and low resistivity which meet the requirements of the transparent conductive film , is printed by the improved plate.
Light Induced Properties of Chalcones Correlated with Molecular Structure and Photophysical Properties for Permanent Optical Storage Device
Authors: Sidharth S.N. , Yuvaraj A.R. , Hui Tay Joo , Sarojini B.K. , Mashitah M. Yusoff , Hegde Gurumurthy
Published: October 2014

The photoisomerization effect on new chalcone derivative is reported. The synthesized chalcone was characterized by different spectral analysis such as1H-NMR,13C-NMR, FTIR, LCMS and UV/Vis. It revealed the photoisomerization effect in solution, theE-Zisomerization occurred around 60sec, whereasZ-Eisomerism occurred at 0min. This chalcone derivative is more useful in fabrication of permanent optical storage devices.
Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopic Analysis of the Raw and Tectonic Coals Extracts with Ultrasonic
Authors: Yang Hong , Ma Zhi Hao , Fan Yun Chang , Zhang Yu Gui
Published: October 2014

Zouzhuang coals were extracted by chloroform under ultrasonic irradiation. The qualitative and quantitative characterization of the extracts that gained in each fraction was analyzed with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The experimental results show that the extraction rate of tectonic coal (5.1%) is more than twice as compared to that of raw coal (2.2%). The extraction process of tectonic coal can be divided into four phases; however, there are only two stages for raw coal (all phases followed one order reaction kinetic equation).The diffusion behavior of two kinds of coal extract is distinct, the rate of free and adsorbed states were rapid, while, the stripping of eutectic state is slightly slow. The content of Aromatic C=C skeletons is similar to that of individual aromatic hydrogen atoms replaced. The content of-OH /-NH associated by hydrogen bonds is poor and the content of aromatics with two or four substituents is relatively higher. The content of saturated and aromatic hydrocarbons of tectonic coal is close to that of raw coal. Non-hydrocarbon content in tectonic coal is lower than that of raw coal, the content of asphaltene of tectonic coal, on the contrary, is higher than raw coal.
Computing Method and Test on IC50 Value of Tyrosinase Inhibition
Authors: Gong Sheng Zhao , Chen Qing Sheng , Xu Men Yi
Published: October 2014

Calculating methods of inhibitor concentration leading to yield 50% inhibition (IC50) of competitive inhibitor, noncompetitive inhibitor and mixed inhibitor were proposed on the basis of kinetics of enzyme inhibition, and were applied to calculate IC50 value of concerned compounds, such as cinnamic acid, cinnamaldehyde, benzoic acid and et al. The calculating results of competitive inhibitor, noncompetitive inhibitor and mixed inhibitor are similar to experimental data, and the average errors are only 3.7%, 2.4%, 4.6%, respectively. The calculating method is confirmed to be reliable by the results.
Strain-Induced Structural Evolution and High Robustness in Single Crystalline Fivefold Twinned Cu@C Coaxial Nanowires
Authors: Zhao Yu Xin , Zhang Ying , Li Yan Peng , Yan Zi Feng
Published: October 2014

Here, we developed single crystalline Cu@C nanowires with fivefold twinned structure via a facile hydrothermal method. In situ uniaxial tension tests of these NWs performed in transmission electron microscopy chamber reveal the ultrahigh strength (as much as 6.2 GPa) accompanied by favorable ductility (elongation>15%). The excellent performances benefit from nanoscale dimensions, unique penta-twinned geometry and good crystalline quality with protection of carbon shells. The study also provides direct experimental evidence for the theoretical modeling on the deformation mechanisms of metallic nanowires that have appeared in recent years. We expect that these findings can open a new window for applications in micro-or nanoelectromechanical devices where superior mechanical performances are desirable.
Photocatalytic Finishing of Cotton Fabrics Based on Nano-Titanium Dioxide and Polyurethane Binder
Authors: Pisitsak Penwisa , Porntrirat Anchalee , Boonwang Nisa , Thongcharoen Rabchok , Punrattanasin Nattaya
Published: October 2014

In the textile industry, binders are used in fabric finishing processes to promote adhesion between a fiber surface and the particles of desired properties. In this research, a commercial polyurethane binder, Evo®Fin PUS, was used to attach photocatalytic TiO2nanoparticles (Degussa®, P-25) onto a cotton surface, in order to impart self-cleaning properties and to improve wash fastness. The cotton fabrics were finished with the aqueous dispersion of TiO2and the binder, consisting of 2, 4, and 6 % w/v for each component. Finishing was done via a pad-dry-cure process. Then a direct dye (C.I. Direct Blue 199), which was used as a model stain, was dropped onto each sample prior to 24-h illumination with simulated solar light. The self-cleaning properties were triggered by light and evaluated in terms of the reduction in color strength values (K/S) of the stain after exposure. The self-cleaning performance was preserved when the binder was added to the TiO2coating. However, washing reduced the self-cleaning performance of all samples because of the detachment of some TiO2particles, as observed by scanning electron microscopy. Overall, improved wash fastness was observed with the help of binder. Samples were further analyzed for mechanical properties, crease recovery, and drapeability.
Li2MnSiO4/C Composite with Ascorbic Acid as Carbon Source for Lithium Ion Batteries
Authors: Lai Chun Yan , Wang Zhen , Zhu Jia Jun , Xu Qun Jie
Published: October 2014

Ascorbic acid (VC) was used as carbon source for Li2MnSiO4/C composite synthesized by a sol-gel method. By comparing the electrochemical performance of the Li2MnSiO4/C composite and pure Li2MnSiO4, it was found that VC adding can improve the capacity of Li2MnSiO4. The Li2MnSiO4/C with 10% VC shows a discharge capacity of 212 mAh/g at 0.05C and Li2MnSiO4/C with 15% VC shows discharge capacity of 192 mAh/g at 0.1C, that were higher than the capacity of pure Li2MnSiO4.
Study on the Corrosion-Resistant Performance of ZSM-5 Zeolite Film on the Surface of Al2024
Authors: Liu Xin , Yang Chao , Xie Guang Wen , Zhang Shi Jie , Cheng Kun , Hou Bao Rong
Published: October 2014

The anticorrosion performance of Al2024 deposited ZSM-5 zeolite membranes prepared by situ hydrothermal method is analyzed. The results of polarization curve show that the corrosion position of Al2024 deposited zeolite membranes was higher than blank samples and the samples position at 10 h was highest. The impandance rings of samples at 10 h was biggest and the corrosion charact was uniform corrosion different from pit corrosion of Al2024 without zeolite membranes.
Reduce Cold Filter Plugging Point and Kinematic Viscosity of Cottonseed-Based Biodiesel Fuel
Authors: Lai Yong Bin , Zhang Yu Qi , Chen Xiu , Yuan Yin Nan , Cai Ling Ling , Qiao Xin , Yuan Meng Hong
Published: October 2014

The chemical compositions, cold filter plugging point (CFPP) and kinematic viscosity of cottonseed methyl ester (CSME) are investigated. Through blending with-10 petrodiesel (-10PD) and treating with Flow Fit, the CFPP and kinematic viscosity of CSME are improved. The study shows that CSME is mainly composed of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME), and the contents of saturated fatty acid methyl ester (SFAME) and unsaturated fatty acid methyl ester (UFAME) were 27.69% and 71.65% respectively. The CFPP and kinematic viscosity (40 °C) of CSME are-1 °C and 4.63 mm2/s respectively. Blending with-10PD decreased the CFPP of CSME to-12 °C.With temperature decreasing, the kinematic viscosities of CSME and CSME/-10PD increase. The lower the temperature is, the more differenced the kinematic viscosities of CSME and CSME/-10PD are. Treating with less than 3% (volume fraction) of Flow Fit, the CFPP of CSME and CSME/-10PD decreased significantly.
The Overview on the Development of Breakout Prevention System for Continuous Casting
Authors: Li Hui Rong , Sun Li Gen , Ai Li Qun
Published: October 2014

Breakout is the most detrimental event associated with the continuous casting process, with the overview of the breakout prevention system, a lot of valuable things had been acquired. For breakout prevention, the embedded thermocouples had been proved best for breakout signals detecting. But in china, the system which used well in foreign countries did not fit for the current local condition, and gives error reports more often, so developing an efficient breakout system which fit for the condition of nowadays in China becomes more and more urgently.
Thermodynamic Calculation of Hydrogen Chloride Generation in Blast Furnace Smelting Process
Authors: Hu Bin Sheng , Liu Xiao Guang , Gui Yong Liang , Lv Kai
Published: October 2014

The generating pathways of hydrogen chloride in blast furnace smelting process may have two pathways: 1.sodium chloride and water react with phosphorus pentaoxide forming hydrogen chloride gas.2. Sodium chloride and water react with sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide forming hydrogen chloride gas. Based on Thermodynamic calculation of hydrogen chloride generation in blast furnace smelting process, hydrogen chloride gas is generated in the upper part of blast furnace shaft ,the generating temperature main range from 300°C too 800°C.
Study of Influence of Sensitization Process on Quality of Mixed Emulsion Explosive
Authors: Tao Tie Jun , Zhang Jian Hua , Chi En An , Zhao Ming Sheng , Kang Qiang
Published: October 2014

Repeated experiments were done to study of influence of sensitization process on quality of mixed loading emulsion explosive, the results show that: The ratio of the sensitizing agent at 1:10 ~1:30 are more appropriate; the density of mixed loading emulsion explosive is gradually decreased while concentration of sensitizing agent increased. Emulsion explosive quality is affected by foaming time under the condition of the certain proportion of sensitizer and constant temperature, when the sensitizer mixing time extended to a certain value, the density tends to be stable. Under the condition of invariable sensitizer concentration, proper temperature not only obtain good blasting effect, but also improve the charging efficiency and shorten the charging time; the temperature between 30~50 °C is more appropriate when the ratio of sensitizer is certain.
The Mould Flux Heat Conduction Performance Designing of High Carbon Steel for Thin Slab Continuous Casting
Authors: Li Hui Rong , Sun Li Gen , Ai Li Qun
Published: October 2014

Heat transfer of the mould flux between the mould and the strand is very complicated, especially for the high carbon steel thin slab continuous casting. In this research the orthogonal experiment has been carried out, and the results showed that: the effect for the heat flux form strong to weak is: R>Na2O>F>MgO>BaO. and in the experiment range, with the R increasing, when the R, Na2O content and the F- content are increasing, the heat flux would be decreasing; with the MgO content increasing, the crystallization temperature would getting fluctuant; with the BaO content increasing, the heat flux would getting fluctuant, when its content is around 6%, the heat flux is reach its summit.
Randomized 2-Species Predator-Prey System with Functional Response
Authors: Li Yan Qiu , Gao Hai Long
Published: October 2014

This paper discusses a randomized Predator-Prey model with Functional Response. Using results from lyapunov function, we show that the positive solution of the associated stochastic differential equation does not explode to infinity in a finite time under simple assumption .It is shown to improve existing results.
Viscosity-Temperature Characteristic of Biodiesel Derived from Pistacia Chinensis Oil
Authors: Chen Xiu , Yuan Meng Hong , Lai Yong Bin , Yuan Yin Nan , Qiao Xing , Cai Ling Ling , Zhang Yu Qi
Published: October 2014

The chemical compositions and viscosity-temperature characteristic of Pistacia Chinensis methyl ester (PCME) are investigated. Viscosity-temperature equations are proposed for predicting kinematic viscosity of PCME,PCME/0 petrodiesel (0PD) and PCME/-10 petrodiesel (-10PD) at different temperature. The objective is to show that PCME is mainly composed of fatty acid methyl esters of 14-24 even-numbered C atoms: C14:0-C24:0, C16:1-C22:1, C18:2-C20:2 and C18:3. The kinematic viscosity (40 °C) of PCME is 5.99mm2/s. PCME has higher kinematic viscosity and unfavorable viscosity temperature characteristic. An approach to reduce viscosity and enhance viscosity-temperature characteristic is put forward: blending with 0 PD or-10PD.
Comparative Study on Microwave Co-Pyrolysis Products of Low Rank Coal in CO2 and N2 Atmosphere
Authors: Zhou Jun , Yang Zhe , Shang Wen Zhi , Zhang Qiu Li , Song Yong Hui , Zhao Xi Cheng , Lan Xin Zhe
Published: October 2014

Microwave pyrolysis of coal is a new research method for deeply processing of low rank coal. This paper conducted comparative study on microwave co-pyrolysis products of low rank coal in CO2 and N2 atmosphere. The composition and content of tar and bluecoke were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and FTIR spectroscopy. The results showed that the yields of liquid products in CO2 and N2 atmosphere were 20.6% and 18.0% respectively, and the yields of bluecoke were 62.0% and 65.8%. Bluecoke obtained from CO2 pyrolysis atmosphere had the lower content of fixed carbon and oxygenic functional groups, but the higher content of volatile. There was the lower content of aromatic hydrocarbons and the higher content of oxygenic functional groups in the tar produced in CO2 pyrolysis atmosphere due to CO2 gasification effect.
Some Key Problems Encountered for Demulsifier Research
Authors: Zhang Fu Sheng , Ouyang Jian , Wang Feng , Feng Xin Fang , Ma Chun Bao , Wang De Wei
Published: October 2014

Main reasons, of which viscous crude emulsion and chemical flooding emulsion are difficult to demulsify, is that their compositions and structures have tremendous differences to water flooding emulsion. To resolve main difficulties encountered in demulsifier research today, such as demulsification of viscous crude oil emulsion, demulsification of chemical flooding emulsion, some research value routes, such as increasing aromaticity, molecular weight and branch degree of demulsifier molecule, and leading double-function groups meeting W/O type and O/W type emulsion and groups with alkyl carbon number matching equivalent alkyl carbon number of the crude oil into demulsifier molecule, were suggested according to demulsification mechanisms and their emulsion characteristics, and action mechanisms of the above-mentioned research routes were elaborated at the same time.
Preparation of pH-Sensitive Aqueous P(MAA-co-EA) Copolymers and Application in Omeprazole Capsules
Authors: Chen Xiao Qi , Zheng Dan , Liu Chao , Zhang Xiao Lei , Zhou Hai Jun , Cheng Ying , Li Yan Tao
Published: October 2014

A series of different molecular weight aqueous enteric P(MAA-co-EA) copolymer coating material were prepared by varying the amount of chain transfer agent in the process of emulsion polymerization. Using fluidized bed technology, omeprazole enteric-coated capsules were obtained via omeprazole pellets containing the isolation layer were coated by P(MAA-co-EA) copolymers emulsion, following vitro enteric test was carried out . The results showed that when the dosage of the chain transfer agent was 0.789% of the total monomer mass, the obtained P(MAA-co-EA) copolymer was used as the coating material of omeprazole capsule, which the resistance to acid was good for 2h and the release rate of the pellet tablets was quick in artificial intestinal liquid, and the test data was consistent with National Standards, and the storage stability was excellent.
Role of Main Physical Properties in Granule Yield of Andrographis Extract Mixtures in the High Shear Granulation
Authors: Liao Zheng Gen , Li Zhe , Ming Liang Shan , Luo Juan , Jiang Qie Ying , Liang Xin Li , Zhao Guo Wei
Published: October 2014

The purpose of this study was to establish a relationship between the physical properties of powder and its behavior during high shear granulation. Andrographis extract was utilized as a model drug and microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) and soluble starch were selected as excipients. The extract was mixed with different excipient with the ratio 1:0.5, 1:1, 1:2 by weigh, respectively. The granules were prepared by using high shear granulation. The result of HSG was evaluated by monitoring such responses as granule yield, the ratio of Lumps and Fine. The effect of physical properties on granulation behavior was analyzed through stepwise regression. The results showed that angle of repose, moisture content, pore volume, and density were the main factors linked to the granulation. The main physical properties of extract powder were the important factors for high shear granulation, and statistical analysis identified the trends that interpreted in light of physical models of high shear granulation.
Site-Directed Mutagenesis of a Neutral Phytase from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens: Influencing Activity and Stability
Authors: Xu Wei , Wang Zu Peng , Shao Rong
Published: October 2014

In order to improve the activity and stability of phytase fromBacillus amyloliquefaciens, site-directed mutagenesis has been performed base on the previous recombinantE.coliBL21 harboring the expression vector ofphyC. Mutation residues were chosen based on the sequence alignments and structure analysis of neutral phytsaes from different microorganisms. Site-directed mutagenesis techniques were used to get three mutants (D148E/H149R, Q67E/N68R, and D191E), then the mutants were expressed and purified. Enzymatic characters of different mutants were investigated. The results indicated that the optimum pH of all mutants were 7.0, and the optimum temperature were between 65 °C–70 °C. The maximum specific activity of mutant D148E/H149E was 27.84 U/mg which was 2.19 times than that of the wild-type phytase. The half inactivation temperature of D191E was 4.5 °C higher than that of the wild-type phytase. Fluorescence emission spectra showed that slight differences were among the structures of the mutant phytases. The phytases described here which have increased activity and thermostability may have promosing potential as feed additives in animal diets.
Studies on the Chemical Constituents of Chloranthus henryi
Authors: Luo Yong Ming , Luo Yong Dong , Chen Fang You , Liu Hua , Fu Jian Jiang
Published: October 2014

FromChloranthushenryi,ten compounds were isolated and identified as 1β,8β-Dihydroxy-eudesman 4(15),7(11)-dien8α,12-olide (1), 4β,8β-dihydroxy-5α (H)- eudesm-7(11) -en-8,12-olide (2), 12-oxo-15-hydroxylabda-8(17), 13E-dien-19-oic acid (3), 12(S), 15-dihydroxy labda - 8(17),13E-dien-19-oic acid (4) , curcolonol (5), flavokawain A (6), 2 ́-hydroxy-4, 3 ́, 4 ́, 6 ́– tetramethoxychalcone (7), daucosterol (8), β-sitosterol (9) and 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (10). The structures of the isolated compounds were established by means of NMR and MS analyses. These compounds were firstly isolated from this plant. Compound 1 have inhibitory activities on the release of β-glucuronidase from rat PMNs induced by PAF.
Terpenoids from Chloranthus multistachys
Authors: Luo Yong Ming , Luo Yong Dong , Chen Fang You , Fu Jian Jiang , Liu Hua
Published: October 2014

From Chloranthus multistachys, five terpenoids and two other compounds were isolated and identified as 12(S), 15-dihydroxylabda-8(17), 13E-dien-19-oic acid (1), henrilabdane B (2), zedoarofuran (3) 1β, 8β-Dihydroxy-eudesman 3,7(11)-dien-8α,12-olide (4) , multistalactone E (5), palmitic acid (6), daucosterol (7). The structures of the isolated compounds were established by means of NMR and MS analyses.
Synthesis of Amyl Ferulate Catalyzed by Sodium Bisulfate Supported by Silica
Authors: Kong Xiang Wen , Wang Huan , Wang Han , Ren Li Li , Li Zhao Jing
Published: October 2014

Amyl ferulate was synthesized by direct esterification with using sodium bisulfate supported by silica as a catalyst, ferulic acid and n-pentanol as raw materials. The influences of some factors on the synthetic process were studied. The optimal reaction conditions based upon 0.2 mol of ferulic acid were chosen that the molar ratio of n-pentanol and ferulic acid was 2 : 1, the mass ratio of catalyst to reactants was 6%, refluxing reaction time was 3 hours. The yield of the product reached 97% under the above conditions. The structure of the product was characterized by IR, 1H NMR and MS spectrum. The catalyst could be recycled and used for many times.
The Synthesis of Poly-β-Hydroxybutyrate by Moderately Halophilic Bacteria Halomonas venusta
Authors: Gao Shuang , Zhang Ling Hua
Published: October 2014

In this study, poly-β-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) was synthesized by moderately halophilic bacteria Halomonas venusta and identified by 1H-NMR. The effects of different carbon sources, salt concentration, initial carbon nitrogen quality ratio, initial phosphate concentration were studied on the synthesis of PHB. The optimum conditions of the PHB synthesis were detemined. Glucose was as carbon source with the concentration of 80 g/L and salt concentration, initial carbon nitrogen ratio, initial phosphate concentration was 3%, 15 and 1.9 g/L respectively. Under the above conditions, a two-phase synthesis system of PHB was constructed. The PHB synthesis amount and yield of cell dry weight was reached up to 1.5 g/L and 69.19 wt.%, respectively. The efficient synthesis of PHB was realized.
Microwave Assisted Synthesis of Isoquercitrin Using Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Rutin
Authors: Wang Jun , Sun Guo Xia , Gong An , Wu Xiang Yang
Published: October 2014

A novel and rapid synthesis of isoquercitrin using enzymatic hydrolysis of rutin under microwave irradiation was investigated. In the [Bmim][BF4]-buffer (pH 9.0) system under microwave irradiation, rutin conversion, isoquercitrin yield and quercetin yield were 89.18%, 84.74% and 2.79%, respectively, in conditions of 5 min and 30 °C. The preparation cost of isoquercitrin was significantly reduced by decreasing reaction time (from 10 h to 5 min) and increasing reaction efficiency (by 120 times).
Study on Synthesis of a Series of Hydroxyl Functional Cholesterylated Hepatic Targeting Liposome Ligands
Authors: Wu Xiao Chun , Wu Yong
Published: October 2014

A series of hepatic hydroxyl functional cholesterylated hepatic targeting liposome ligands T1-T6 were synthesized. Cholesterol as starting material, after esterification with p-toluenesulfonyl chloride to get cholesterol tosylate, then etherification with oligo ethylene ethanol (n=1-3) to get hydroxyl functional cholesterylated compounds T1-T3, T1-T3 were elongated by reaction with protected diethylene glycol and deprotected in acid condition to get T4-T6 . The target compounds affords cholesterylated hepatic targeting liposome ligands.
Analysis of Volatile and Semivolatile Components in Marsdeniae tenocissimae by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Wang Ze Feng , Shi Ling , Fan Ai Ping , Xu Chun , Zhang Li , Min Yong
Published: October 2014

A gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method was developed for analyses of volatile and semivolatile components in Marsdeniae tenocissimae. The volatile and semivolatile components in stem of Marsdenia tenocissima are extracted by soxhlet extraction method with chloroform. The results show that 46 compositions were identified and accounted for 90.144% of the total peak areas. The major volatile and semivolatile components of stem were: alkanes (12.168%), alcohol (6.732%), aldehydes and ketones (7.272%), fatty acids (46.152%), Esters (13.068%), other (4.752%), respectively. The study provides useful data for further analysis of components of Marsdenia tenocissima.
Synthesis of the Hydrogel Polyurethane
Authors: Zhang Jian Sheng
Published: October 2014

The synthesis, blocking and unblocking technologic conditions of hydrogel polyurethane were researched. The results showed that it would improve the bonding strength of hydrogel polyurethane when the hydrophilic polyether polyol was mixed with lipophilic polyether polyol of 10%. And the prepolymer of water-soluble polyurethane was achieved with hydrophilic polyether polyol and lipophilic polyether polyol as the materials at a prepolymerization reaction temperature of 85°C with TDI and reaction time of 180min. Then the preferable result could be got at a choice of phenol as sealant which was used to seal the water-soluble polyurethane active group, n (-NCO):n (-OH)=1:1.2, dosage of dibutyltin dilaurate as catalyst of 0.3%, unblocking in hot water.
Synthesis and Properties of the Cassava Starch Succinate
Authors: Niu Chun Mei , Li Shao Ying , Gong Yong Xiang
Published: October 2014

Series of starch succinates with different DS (degree of substitution) were synthesized by the reaction of succinic anhydride (SA) and starch in aqueous alkali slurry. Effects of reaction time and temperature, the mole ratio of Na2CO3 to SA and the amount of SA on DS and RE (reaction efficiency) were discussed. The maximum DS could be up to 0.241 and prolonging reaction time had no evident influence on DS. Apparent viscosity of starch solution was improved while resistance to shear-thinning was reduced after modification. FT-IR confirmed the reaction between SA and starch. The apparent surface change was observed by SEM. XRD showed no crystalline pattern change but crystallinity was reduced when DS was higher than 0.110.
A Study on Pyrolysis of Waste Printed Circuit Boards in a Batch Reactor
Authors: Zhang Hang , Wang Zuo Lun , Ding Jie , Linghu Wen Sheng
Published: October 2014

In this work the pyrolysis of waste printed circuit boards (PCBs) were investigated through TG technology and a quartz tube batch reactor, respectively. The TG analysis results showed that the total mass loss from 30-800oC for PCB1 and PCB2 were 35.7% and 41.1%, respectively. With the increase of pyrolysis temperature in a batch reactor, gas yield of PCB2 increased, but increasing rate gradually decreased. The gas yield of PCB2 for pyrolysis time of 1min, 5min and 10min at 600 °C were 30.5%, 31.1% and 31.7%, respectively. It is suggested that the better pyrolysis temperature was at the range of 500-600 °C and the optimal pyrolysis time was 1min. The higher gas yield of PCB2 was obtained at air atmosphere than that at nitrogen atmosphere.
Adsorption Mechanism of Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate on Coagulating Precipitate in Treatment of Vat Dark Blue BO by Coagulation and Air-Flotation
Authors: Xia Hong Yun , Duan Chang Qun , Zhang Wei , He Ke Diao
Published: October 2014

Vat dark blue BO simulated wastewater was treated by Dissovled air flolation (DAF), the interaction of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and precipitate in the DAF process was investigated by thermodynamic methods. The adsorption isotherms of SDS on precipitate at pH 5.00 were determined at 30,35,40 and 45°C. The isosteric heat of sorption was calculated by the Clausius-Clapeyron equation. The results show that the isotherm of SDS on coagulation precipitate is not the normal style, the adsorption of SDS on precipitate is exothermic in nature and the isosteric heat of adsorption decreases with a increase in the equilibrium uptake of SDS on precipitate. The isosteric heat of sorption varies between-16.266 and-21.719kJ/mol as surface loading is between 3 and 11 mg/g. The values of isosteric heat of adsorption proves the primary adsorption of SDS on precipitation is physisorption.
Fenton Oxidation of Different Molecular Weights Polyethylene Glycols in Wastewater
Authors: Chen Xia , Gao Li Juan , Gu Fang
Published: October 2014

the PEG with the molecular weights(MW) ranging from 200 to 2000 have been extensively investigated for Fenton oxidation. The affectingfactors such as pH, dosage of hydrogen peroxide and FeSO4•7H2O was studied in the experiment. The experimental results showed that the dosage of Fenton's reagent ( FeSO4•7H2O was 0.3g/L and 30%H2O2 was 0.5ml/L）was 3:5 and the pH was 3 at the room temperature, the highest CODcr removal ratio can be up to 84%.
Optimization of the Adsorption Condition for Wastewater Containing Chromium Treatment by Natural Adsorbent Material Using Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Wang Ya Jun , Wang Jin Xi , Li Yan Juan , Wang Ying
Published: October 2014

The effect of several important parameters on the removal of hexavalent chromium by humic acid was evaluated using an optimal experimental design based on Box-Behnken Response Surface method. The factors included temperature、pH、initial potassium chromate concentration and adsorbent dosage. A quadratic model for predicting the optimum removal conditions was derived, and the obtained optimal parameters were temperature 51°C, pH=2.34, initial potassium chromate concentration 14.30mg/L and adsorbent 0.58g. At the optimal conditions, the maximal removal rate of hexavalent chromium reached 73.17 %( forecast value was 73.26%).
Synthesis of NaY Zeolite and their CO2 Adsorption Properties
Authors: Ma Ren Juan , Xu Yong Quan , Liu Yu Min , Zhao Rui Hong , Zhang Xiang Jing , Li Jiao , Liu Yue
Published: October 2014

NaY zeolite was prepared by a simple sol-gel process. The prepared NaY was characterized by XRD,FT-IR,N2adsorption/desorption isotherms, and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The CO2dynamic adsorption/desorption performance of NaY was tested under atmospheric pressure using adsorption curve method in the fixed bed. The results demonstrate that NaY offeres high separation efficiency for CO2against N2. To further identify the most adsorption conditions, different adsorption temperatures and gas flow rates were investigated respectively. It is shown that NaY zeolite has the largest adsorption capacity of 88 mg/g adsorbent at 60°C,50ml/min, and the sample maintains still strong adsorption capacity and stable structure during 6 consecutive test cycles, which exhibits its stable adsorption/desorption behavior.
The Research of Slurry Foaming of Wet Flue Gas Desulfurization System of Steel Works
Authors: Li Xing Hui , Song Cun Yi , You Hua Zhang
Published: October 2014

This paper focus on the analysis of the slurry foam of the sinter band plant Wet Flue Gas Desulfurization (WFGD) process, and put forward suggestions according to the actual conditions of the Steel Works. The experimenter compared the actual operating parameters of slurry and system design parameter. Then found out the main incentive to form foam on top of the absorber’s slurry tank. This paper analyzed the major constituents of overflow foaming of WFGD system. Analysis results indicated that it is the same composition of byproducts gypsum of WFGD. So the experiment focus on the research of slurry constituents of the absorber. The result of basic data analysis shows that the slurry density of absorber is 1.25Kg/L which exceeds the maximum design value i.e.1.15Kg/L, and the Chloride concentration is 80000mg/L which exceeds the maximum design value i.e. 15000mg/L. The supernatant of slurry is formed of colloidal solution and the solid percentage of supernatant slurry is 10.64% (Weight percentage). Meanwhile the supernatant slurry shows Tyndall phenomenon significantly, and the remaining solution indicators are much higher than the design value. For identification purpose, the experimenter had an experiment about desulfurization slurry and found the relationship among solid content, supernatant concentration, foaming ability and foaming stability. Experimental results show that the foaming ability get strong first and then get weak with the increase of the solid content and the foaming ability get weak gradually with the decrease of the concentration of Mg2+and Cl-. The slurry almost has no foaming when the solid content is less than 10% and the concentration of Mg2+ less than 1000mg/L and the concentration of Cl- less than 20000mg/L.