bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multi-Year Multi-Indication Agreements for Supporting Patient Access to Oncology Medicines with Multiple Indications: An Experimental Approach or Here to Stay?
Authors: Armstrong Hannah , Petrova Angelina , Wilsdon Tim , Homoki Henriette , Roediger Alexander
Published: January 2025

Over the past decade, an increasing number of oncology medicines with indications for multiple cancer types have been delivering benefits to patients. To ensure these products reach patients, pricing and reimbursement systems have had to adapt to address the value assessment, time-to-access, affordability, and budget uncertainty challenges this creates. Multi-year multi-indication (MYMI) agreements are made between payers and manufacturers and aim to ensure that patients have access to effective treatments for multiple conditions over time; this includes future indications of the treatment. MYMI agreements were first introduced as a solution in several European countries in 2017, offering a range of potential benefits. MYMI agreements have since demonstrated evidence of success in mitigating many of the challenges associated with assessing and reimbursing multi-indication products, time-to-patient access, and budget impact. The purpose of this article is to discuss the recent progress made with MYMI implementation across countries and provide a view on whether it is delivering for patients, healthcare systems, and innovators. We find that MYMI is not a one-size-fits-all solution but a model that needs to be adapted to the unique needs and characteristics of different healthcare systems. The intended benefits of MYMI to patients (speed and breadth of access to new indications) appear to have been realised in practice in some countries but not all. However, the administrative burden associated with MYMI implementation in some countries risks jeopardising the intended efficiency benefits. Payers and policymakers can also benefit from improved budget predictability and sustainability.
Material Characterisation Experiments and Data Preparation for a Finite Element Analysis of the Deep Drawing Process Using AA 1050-O
Authors: Sarema Blessed , Matope Stephen , Nagel Matthias , Sterzing Andreas
Published: January 2025

The use of computer simulation to imitate physical processes has proven to be a time-efficient and cost-effective way of performing scenario testing for process optimisation in different applications. The finite element analysis (FEA) is the dominant numerical simulation method for analysing sheet metal forming processes. It uses mathematical tools and computer-aided engineering software programmes to predict forming processes. To improve the quality of output from the simulation, accurate material characterisation data that correctly model the behaviour of the material when it undergoes deformation must be provided. This paper outlines the stages of conducting material characterisation experiments, such as tensile, hardness, and formability tests, using the aluminium alloy AA1050-O. Sample preparation, the machine setup, and testing procedures for the material characterisation tests are given. Subsequent data preparation methods for input into an FEA software programme are also outlined. Implications of the testing results to a deep drawing process are examined while considering the formation of a rectangular monolithic component measuring 2300 mm by 1400 mm with a drawing depth of approximately 150 mm. The results from the characterisation tests indicate that the forming process for the product can be achieved using cold forming at room temperatures as a 25% strain was recorded before necking against an anticipated uniaxial strain of 5.93%. The aluminium alloy AA1050-O demonstrated a negligible strain rate sensitivity in the forming region, thus eliminating tool velocity from the key process parameters that should be considered during FEA simulations. A 50% increase in hardness was recorded after strain hardening.
Reevaluating the Value of (1,3)-β-D-Glucan for the Diagnosis of Intra-Abdominal Candidiasis in Critically Ill Patients: Current Evidence and Future Directions
Authors: Novy Emmanuel , Esposito Mathieu , Debourgogne Anne , Roger Claire
Published: January 2025

Intra-abdominal candidiasis (IAC) is associated with significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenges in critically ill patients. Traditional fungal cultures are slow, delaying appropriate antifungal treatment. (1,3)-β-D-glucan (BDG), a component of the fungal cell wall, has emerged as a potential biomarker for IAC, but its use in ICU settings is complicated by frequent false-positives results from invasive procedures and underlying conditions. This review examines the diagnostic value of BDG when present in serum and peritoneal fluid. While serum BDG is effective for excluding invasive fungal infections like candidemia, its specificity for IAC remains low in critically ill patients. Recent studies suggest that BDG levels in peritoneal fluid may provide better diagnostic accuracy, distinguishing IAC from bacterial peritonitis with higher specificity. We discuss the advantages, limitations, and practical aspects of BDG testing, emphasizing the potential of peritoneal BDG as a complementary tool. Further research is needed to refine diagnostic thresholds, validate its clinical utility, and establish the role of peritoneal BDG in improving timely, targeted antifungal treatment for IAC.
Fungal Metabolomics: A Comprehensive Approach to Understanding Pathogenesis in Humans and Identifying Potential Therapeutics
Authors: Alves Vinicius , Zamith-Miranda Daniel , Frases Susana , Nosanchuk Joshua D.
Published: January 2025

Metabolomics has emerged as a transformative tool in the study of microbes, including pathogenic fungi, facilitating the identification of unique metabolic profiles that elucidate their pathogenic mechanisms, host interactions, and treatment resistance. This review highlights key applications of metabolomics in understanding fungal metabolites essential for human virulence, such as mycotoxins produced by various fungal species, including Aspergillus fumigatus (gliotoxin, fumagillins) and Candida species (phenylethyl alcohol, TCA cycle metabolites), and secondary metabolites that contribute to pathogenicity. It also explores the metabolic adaptations of fungi in relation to drug resistance and biofilm formation, revealing alterations in key metabolic pathways during infection, as seen in C. albicans and C. auris. Furthermore, metabolomics aids in deciphering host–pathogen interactions, showcasing how fungi like Cryptococcus neoformans and Candida modify host metabolism to promote survival and evade immune responses. The study of antifungal resistance mechanisms has also benefited from metabolomic approaches, identifying specific metabolite patterns that signify resistance, such as in Candida albicans and Candidozyma (Candida) auris, and informing new therapeutic strategies. The integration of metabolomics with other omics technologies is paving the way for a comprehensive understanding of fungal biology and pathogenesis. Such multi-omics approaches are crucial for discovering new therapeutic targets and developing innovative antifungal treatments. Thus, the purpose of this review is to provide an overview of how metabolomics is revolutionizing our understanding of fungal pathogenesis, drug resistance, and host interactions, and to highlight its potential for identifying new therapeutic targets and improving antifungal strategies.
Mitochondrial Genomes from Fungal the Entomopathogenic Moelleriella Genus Reveals Evolutionary History, Intron Dynamics and Phylogeny
Authors: Xiong Chengjie , Lin Yongsheng , Keyhani Nemat O. , Shang Junya , Mao Yuchen , Yang Jiao , Zheng Minghai , Yang Lixia , Pu Huili , Lin Longbing , Mu Taichang , Zhu Mengjia , Wu Ziyi , Qiu Zhenxing , Xiong Wen , Guan Xiayu , Qiu Junzhi
Published: January 2025

Members of the genus Moelleriella (Hypocreales, Clavicipitaceae) are insect pathogens with specificity for scale insects and whiteflies. However, no mitochondrial genomes are available for these fungi. Here, we assembled seven mitogenomes from M. zhongdongii, M. libera, M. raciborskii, M. gracilispora, M. oxystoma, Moelleriella sp. CGMCC 3.18909, and Moelleriella sp. CGMCC 3.18913, which varied in size from 40.8 to 95.7 Kb. Synteny and codon usage bias was relatively conserved, with the mitochondrial gene arrangement being completely homologous to the gene order of 21 other species within the Hypocreales. Nevertheless, significant intron polymorphism was observed between Moelleriella species. Evolutionary analyses revealed that all 15 core protein–coding genes had ka/ks < 1, indicating purifying selection pressure. Sequence variation within the mitochondrial ATP synthase F0 subunit 6 (atp6) gene showed the largest genetic distance, with the ATP synthase F0 subunit 9 (atp9) gene showing the smallest. Comparative analyses of mitogenomes revealed that introns were the primary factor contributing to the size variation in Moelleriella and, more broadly, within Hypocreales mitogenomes. Phylogenetic analyses indicated that the seven Moelleriella species examined form a well–supported clade, most closely related to Metarhizium. These data present the first mitogenomes from Moelleriella and further advance research into the taxonomy, origin, evolution, and genomics of Moelleriella.
Comorbidity Patterns Among Outpatient COVID-19 Cases in Turkey
Authors: Akgün Hediye Seval , Erdoğan Tuğba Gürgen , Belibağlı Mehmet Cenk , Güneş Gamze , Haberal Ali
Published: January 2025

Numerous factors contribute to COVID-19 symptoms, with individuals who have pre-existing health conditions at the highest risk for severe SARS-CoV-2 infection. This study investigated the socio-demographic and comorbidity profiles within a large Turkish population diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2, including 47,875 patients diagnosed between March 2020 and May 2022 across six hospitals in different Turkish cities. Patients with SARS-CoV-2 confirmed via laboratory tests and presenting symptoms were included. The data collected covered socio-demographic details, infection onset dates, COVID-19 symptoms, pre-existing health conditions, radiological findings, treatments, disease progression, and relevant variables. A total of 47,875 files were included in the analysis. The median age was 43.7 years, with 84.5% testing positive for PCR SARS-CoV-2, often correlating with severe symptoms. Notably, 11.8% of the participants exhibited mild symptoms, and approximately 12.8% had comorbidities, increasing to 17.6% among severe cases. Females with PCR-positive COVID-19 had a comorbidity rate of 13.8%, compared to 12.5% in males. Among the patients with comorbidities, those aged 70 and above had the highest rates, at 22.1% (n = 1103). The most prevalent comorbidity was hypertension, followed by diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Severe cases had a significantly higher prevalence of comorbidities (58.4%) compared to non-severe cases (27.6%). We hope that the evaluation of our findings will contribute to the research and treatment processes of the COVID-19 outpatients.
Emotionalization of the 2021–2022 Global Energy Crisis Coverage: Analyzing the Rhetorical Appeals as Manipulation Means in the Mainstream Media
Authors: Teneva Ekaterina Veselinovna
Published: January 2025

As the issues of the world’s overreliance on fossil fuels still remain unresolved, mainstream media play a central role in influencing public attitudes towards energy sources. This article aimed to consider Aristotle’s rhetorical appeals as manipulation means in the news coverage of the 2021–2022 global energy crisis. Using computer-aided text analysis, media framing, discourse, and rhetorical analyses, this paper analyzes 600 news articles published on the websites of the four mainstream media sources from the key countries that were affected by the crisis. The results confirmed emotionalization of the news coverage that occurred through the use of similar rhetorical appeals and emotive language means aimed at inducing positive or negative feelings and shaping public opinion. The UK and US mainstream media appeared to rely more on the opinions of political, business, and energy authorities, highlighting a high level of politicization of their coverage. The findings also indicated polarization of the attitudes in the coverage, with mainly negative narratives about fossil fuels and more positive narratives about renewable energies, which contributed to public opinion manipulation and energy decision-making. This study opens up perspectives for future research on media emotions and rhetorical appeals as powerful manipulation means in applied linguistics, rhetoric, and journalism.
Executive Religiosity and Disclosure Tone Ambiguity of Annual Reports
Authors: Nazrul Toufiq , Mousa Rania
Published: January 2025

This paper examines the effect of C-suite executive religiosity on the disclosure tone ambiguity of corporate annual reports. The paper utilizes executive-level religiosity, disclosure tone, and financial data from a sample of 2515 publicly listed U.S. corporations. It applies fixed-effect regression analysis to show that the presence of religious executives within the C-suite team reduces the disclosure tone ambiguity of annual reports, as evidenced by a reduction in the number of negative and uncertain words within corporate annual reports. Subsample analyses show that religious CEOs and CFOs in the C-suite primarily drive the main findings, which is consistent with their heightened control over corporate annual report preparation processes post-SOX. The main finding holds across multiple robustness tests and suggests that the individual religiosity of C-suite executives can be an important determinant of a company’s disclosure tone-related choices. By utilizing the measure of executive-level religiosity, this study directly addresses recent calls for further research to examine additional personal and psychological factors beyond executive-level narcissism and political ideology that can influence top management personnel’s corporate disclosure tone-related choices. This study contributes to the literature by examining the influence of individual executive-level religiosity on the tonal sentiment of corporate communications, as represented by corporate annual reports.
Conflicts at the Crossroads: Unpacking Land-Use Challenges in the Greater Bay Area with the “Production–Living–Ecological” Perspective
Authors: Cheng Zilang , Yang Jiangmin , Xue Desheng
Published: January 2025

Under the influence of factors such as extreme weather and accelerated urbanization, China has witnessed a sharp escalation in conflicts between various land-use functions, leading to a significant rise in tensions between people and land. The coordination of production, living, and ecological functions is particularly important for strengthening ecological civilization and achieving regional high-quality development. The concept of “Production–Living–Ecological” (PLE) Spaces, proposed as part of China’s ecological civilization initiative, refers to a spatial framework that integrates production spaces (land for agriculture, industry, and commerce), living spaces (land for housing, consumption, and public services), and ecological spaces (land supporting ecosystem regulation and biodiversity). Based on this perspective, this paper investigates the current situation and potential of land-use function conflicts in the Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area in 2020. Utilizing the multi-criteria evaluation analysis method, the study develops a land-use function-evaluation model. Furthermore, the paper establishes a diagnostic model for the intensity of land-use function conflicts based on the different permutations and combinations of land unit function intensities. The land-use function conflicts are categorized into ten types and four stages. The main findings are as follows: (1) In 2020, the overall production, living, and ecological functions of Guangdong, Hong Kong, and Macao Greater Bay Area were at high, medium-high, and low levels, respectively. The land in the stable and controllable stage, the largely controllable stage, the largely out-of-control stage, and the severely out-of-control stage accounted for 39.22%, 28.73%, 25.41%, and 6.64%. The focal points of the intensity of land-use function conflicts were mainly located in Guangzhou, Foshan, Shenzhen, and Dongguan. (2) The study area was exposed to varying degrees of risk from land-use function conflicts, and the area proportion of low conflict potential area, with the proportions of low, general, higher, and high-conflict-potential areas being 47.88%, 23.43%, 22.14%, and 6.54%, respectively. (3) The primary hotspots of conflict potential were concentrated in Dongguan City and the administrative border areas of “Foshan–Zhaoqing”, “Foshan–Jiangmen”, and “Guangzhou–Zhongshan”.
Environmental Factors Determining the Chorology of Fraxinus angustifolia in the Region of Murcia (Southeastern Spain)
Authors: Albacete Alfonso , Sánchez-Sánchez Miguel Ángel
Published: January 2025

The narrow-leaf ash (Fraxinus angustifolia) is distributed across southern Europe and northern Africa. Descriptions from 1751 report the presence of a large number of these trees in the Maritime Department of Cartagena; however, their numbers are actually greatly reduced in the Region of Murcia. This species is protected and finds refuge in riverbeds within the semi-arid environment of southeastern Spain. The desertification affecting this area of continental Europe has a significant impact on natural systems, with the ash being particularly vulnerable due to its water requirements. The objective of this study was to identify the locations of individual ash trees and assess the conditions of their surrounding environment. A literature review was conducted, and based on the environmental conditions necessary for their survival, the entire region was surveyed using GPS. A total of 670 trees were geolocated. The majority are situated in riverbeds. They are absent from the southern coastal zone and at higher altitudes above 1000 m above sea level in the Region of Murcia. Monitoring its reduction, expansion, and development could provide insights into how climate change is evolving and the potential extinction of this species in arid and semi-arid regions.
Immune Checkpoints and the Immunology of Liver Fibrosis
Authors: Tsomidis Ioannis , Voumvouraki Argyro , Kouroumalis Elias
Published: January 2025

Liver fibrosis is a very complicated dynamic process where several immune cells are involved. Both innate and adaptive immunity are implicated, and their interplay is always present. Multi-directional interactions between liver macrophages, hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), immune cells, and several cytokines are important for the induction and perpetuation of liver fibrosis. Detailed studies of proteomics and transcriptomics have produced new evidence for the role of individual cells in the process of liver fibrosis and cirrhosis. Most of these cells are controlled by the various immune checkpoints whose main function is to maintain the homeostasis of the implicated immune cells. Recent evidence indicates that several immune checkpoints are involved in liver fibrosis. In particular, the role of the programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), the programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), and the role of the cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) have been investigated, particularly after the availability of checkpoint inhibitors. Their activation leads to the exhaustion of CD4+ve and CD8+ve T cells and the promotion of liver fibrosis. In this review, the current pathogenesis of liver fibrosis and the immunological abnormalities are discussed. The recent data on the involvement of immune checkpoints are identified as possible targets of future interventions.
6,6′-{[Ethane-1,2-Diylbis(azaneylylidene)]bis(methaneylylidene)}bis[2-(4-Oxy(2,2,6,6-Tetramethylpiperidin-1-Oxyl)butyloxy)phenolato] Cobalt(II)
Authors: Vereshchagin Anatoliy A. , Rodionova Ulyana M. , Dolmatova Anastasiia G. , Suglobov Sergey D. , Behrends Jan , Alekseeva Elena V.
Published: January 2025

Salen-type complexes with transition metals and corresponding polymers attract great scientific interest due to their outstanding electrochemical properties and catalytic potential. Cobalt complexes of this kind are known as catalysts for a large variety of redox reactions, including oxygen reduction. Herein, we report the preparation of a modified cobalt Salen-type complex, modified by TEMPO pendants linked to the core by flexible butylenedioxy linkers. The resulting product was characterized by electrospray–high-resolution mass spectrometry and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy.
A Survey of Research on Vibration Friction Reduction Technologies in Aero-Engines
Authors: Teng Yunnan , Ma Jingyang , Xie Liyang
Published: January 2025

The performance and reliability of an aviation engine, as a core component of an aircraft, is of paramount importance to flight safety. Scholars worldwide have contributed to the design and research of aviation engines, and these advancements and contributions embody the relentless efforts and innovative spirit of scholars and engineers in the field of aviation engine design research. In recent studies, researchers have proposed various vibration control methods to address friction issues in aviation engines, offering corresponding control strategies for the aspects of materials, lubrication, and structural design. However, how to reduce the loss of service life and the safety risks caused by friction in aircraft engines has become an urgent issue that needs to be addressed in the aviation sector. This paper briefly analyzes the current development status regarding vibration and friction reduction in aircraft engines, explores key technologies and research progress in addressing this challenge, and provides insights and prospects for future developments. With advancements in technology, research into vibration and friction in aviation engines will continue to deepen, providing strong support for the development of the aviation industry.
Meltblow Processing of Poly (Ethylene Furanoate)–Bio-Based Polyester Nonwovens
Authors: Hiller Tim , Altmann Hagen J. , Elser Iris , Azimian Mehdi , Buchmeiser Michael R.
Published: January 2025

Poly(ethylene furanoate) (PEF) has been identified as a bio-based alternative or supplement to poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) for various applications such as food packaging and bottles as well as technical- and high-performance fibers and yarns. In this study, the processing of PEF nonwovens in the meltblow process is successfully demonstrated and reported for the first time, according to our best knowledge The resulting fabrics achieved median fiber diameters of 2.04 µm, comparable to PET. The filtration efficiency of 25 g m−2 fabrics exceeded 50% comparable to PET and PBT of the same grammage and was raised to over 90% with post-process electrostatic charging, maintaining stability. As for other aromatic polymers, applying infrared heating modules into the process indicated the potential to minimize heat shrinkage. However, the suppressed ring rotation and slower crystallization kinetics of PEF showed the need for longer post-treatment times as the heat shrinkage remained between 20% and 40% at 10 °C. Overcoming this, PEF can be a viable, bio-based alternative to PET, particularly for such high-temperature nonwoven applications that require thin layers.
Non-Linear Hyperelastic Model Analysis and Numerical Validation of 3D Printed PLA+ Material Incorporating Various Infill Densities
Authors: Bhuiyan Md Zisanul Haque , Khanafer Khalil , Rafi Ehasanul Islam , Shihab Md Shadman
Published: January 2025

Additive manufacturing (AM) or 3D printing technology creates a tangible object by adding successive layers of materials. Nowadays, 3D printing is used for developing both metal and non-metal products. In the advancement of 3D printing technology, material specimen design, modification, and testing become very simple, especially for non-metal materials, such as hyperelastic, thermoplastic, or rubber-like materials. However, proper material modeling and validation are required for the analysis of these types of materials. In this study, 3D printed poly lactic acid (PLA+) material behavior is analyzed numerically for validation in the counterpart of experimental analysis to evaluate their behavior in both cases. The specimen was designed in SolidWorks by following ASTM D638 dimension standards with proper infill densities and raster angle or infill orientation angle. These infill layer densities and angles of orientation play an important role in the mechanical behavior of the specimen. This paper aims to present a numerical validation of five infill densities (20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100%) for a ±45-degree infill angle orientation by incorporating a nonlinear hyperelastic model. Results indicate that infill densities affect the mechanical behavior of PLA+ material. The result also suggested that neo-Hookean and Mooney–Rivlin are the best-fitted hyperelastic material models for these five separate linear infill densities. However, neo-Hookean is easier to analyze, as it has only one parameter and a new equation is developed in this study for determining the parameter for different infill densities.
NiTi Alloy Quasi-Zero Stiffness Vibration Isolation Structure with Adjustable Mechanical Properties
Authors: Wu Qian , Qiao Jianxiang , Li Xinping , Wang Shengsheng , Li Bingqian , Wu Siyang , Wang Zhenguo , Ji Jiangtao
Published: January 2025

Despite the significant engineering applications of vibration isolation structures, there remain challenges in adjusting low-frequency isolation performance. To tackle this issue, this study proposes a temperature-controlled quasi-zero stiffness vibration isolation structure utilizing NiTi shape memory alloys. The stiffness and vibration isolation performance of the structure can be adjusted by modifying the heat treatment process and temperature variations of the alloy. The vibration isolation system is composed of vertical and horizontal alloy beams, with structural mechanics analysis performed to develop both static and dynamic theoretical models. The study investigates the effects of the heat treatment process on the phase transition characteristics and mechanical properties of nickel-titanium alloys, and analyzes the correlation between the heat treatment parameters of alloy beams and the stiffness performance of vibration isolation structures. By applying temperature variations to the alloy beams, the stiffness and vibration isolation performance of the entire structure can be dynamically adjusted. This research provides theoretical guidance for achieving adjustable vibration isolation performance across low-frequency and wide ranges, offering promising prospects for the application of vibration isolation structures in dynamic environments.
A New Hybrid Improved Kepler Optimization Algorithm Based on Multi-Strategy Fusion and Its Applications
Authors: Qian Zhenghong , Zhang Yaming , Pu Dongqi , Xie Gaoyuan , Pu Die , Ye Mingjun
Published: January 2025

The Kepler optimization algorithm (KOA) is a metaheuristic algorithm based on Kepler’s laws of planetary motion and has demonstrated outstanding performance in multiple test sets and for various optimization issues. However, the KOA is hampered by the limitations of insufficient convergence accuracy, weak global search ability, and slow convergence speed. To address these deficiencies, this paper presents a multi-strategy fusion Kepler optimization algorithm (MKOA). Firstly, the algorithm initializes the population using Good Point Set, enhancing population diversity. Secondly, Dynamic Opposition-Based Learning is applied for population individuals to further improve its global exploration effectiveness. Furthermore, we introduce the Normal Cloud Model to perturb the best solution, improving its convergence rate and accuracy. Finally, a new position-update strategy is introduced to balance local and global search, helping KOA escape local optima. To test the performance of the MKOA, we uses the CEC2017 and CEC2019 test suites for testing. The data indicate that the MKOA has more advantages than other algorithms in terms of practicality and effectiveness. Aiming at the engineering issue, this study selected three classic engineering cases. The results reveal that the MKOA demonstrates strong applicability in engineering practice.
Centralized and Decentralized Event-Triggered Nash Equilibrium-Seeking Strategies for Heterogeneous Multi-Agent Systems
Authors: He Liu , Cheng Hui , Zhang Yunong
Published: January 2025

This paper addresses the event-triggered Nash equilibrium-seeking problem for non-cooperative games played by heterogeneous multi-agent systems. Unlike homogeneous multi-agent systems, heterogeneous multi-agent systems consist of agents with different dynamic structures, making it difficult to design control schemes and construct event-triggering conditions for such systems. In this paper, a novel centralized event-triggered Nash equilibrium-seeking strategy and a novel decentralized event-triggered Nash equilibrium-seeking strategy are proposed. The corresponding centralized and decentralized event-triggering conditions are derived. The convergence properties of the proposed centralized and decentralized strategies are proved. Further theoretical analyses illustrate that Zeno behavior does not exist under the proposed strategies. Finally, the effectiveness and efficiency of both centralized and decentralized strategies are presented through numerical experiments. The experimental results illustrate that under both strategies, heterogeneous multi-agent systems achieve the Nash equilibrium successfully, and the communication consumption among agents is significantly reduced.
Chronic Heart Failure and Coronary Artery Disease: Pharmacological Treatment and Cardiac Rehabilitation
Authors: Ciuca-Pană Maria-Alexandra , Boulmpou Aristi , Ileri Cigdem , Manzi Giovanna , Golino Michele , Ostojic Marina , Galimzhanov Akhmetzhan , Busnatu Stefan , Mega Simona , Perone Francesco
Published: January 2025

Coronary artery disease is the leading cause of acute and chronic heart failure. Patients with heart failure and ischemic heart disease need a tailored assessment to define the appropriate treatment, while a specific multidisciplinary management plan should be followed. Indeed, several factors should be assessed before starting treatment, such as heart failure symptoms and/or signs, angina, electrocardiographic features, right and left ventricular systolic and diastolic function, serological abnormalities, cardiac structural and functional integrity, and pulmonary function. New scenarios and developments have emerged recently in this field, increasing our knowledge regarding pathophysiology, exercise, and pharmacology. Effective and appropriate management and treatment reduce the risk of death and hospitalization for heart failure. Herein, we provide an updated, state-of-the-art overview of pharmacological treatment and cardiac rehabilitation in patients with chronic heart failure and coronary artery disease. Furthermore, tailored and contemporary management in clinical practice will be proposed for this specific and fragile patient population.
Effect of Electric Pulse Treatment on the Interfacial Properties of Copper/304 Stainless Steel Composite Thin Strips Fabricated by Roll Bonding
Authors: Wang Zefeng , Niu Xiaomiao , Wang Ming , Yang Yu , He Dongping , Du Wangzhe
Published: January 2025

Annealing is a commonly used post-processing method for composite thin strips but suffers from drawbacks such as long processing time, high energy consumption, and susceptibility to oxidation. Replacing annealing with electric pulse treatment (EPT) can address these issues. In this study, a specially designed fixture was used to investigate the effects of pulsed current on the bonding strength of T2 copper (Cu)/304 stainless steel (SS) composite thin strips. The initial strip, with a 50% reduction rate, was prepared using a two-high mill, resulting in a Cu/SS composite strip with a thickness of 0.245 mm. Pulsed current treatment was applied with peak temperatures ranging from 350 °C to 600 °C. The results showed that EPT significantly improved the bonding strength. A pulsed current of 55 A resulted in the highest average peel strength of 10.66 ± 0.93 N/mm, with a maximum Fe content on the Cu side of 7.39 ± 0.84%, while a pulsed current of 65 A resulted in the highest Cu content on the SS side, reaching 57.54 ± 2.06%. This study demonstrates that EPT effectively controls the deformation behavior and interface state of composite strips, producing Cu/SS composite thin strips with high bonding strength.
Review of Layered Transition Metal Oxide Materials for Cathodes in Sodium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Ahangari Mehdi , Zhou Meng , Luo Hongmei
Published: January 2025

The growing interest in sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) is driven by scarcity and the rising costs of lithium, coupled with the urgent need for scalable and sustainable energy storage solutions. Among various cathode materials, layered transition metal oxides have emerged as promising candidates due to their structural similarity to lithium-ion battery (LIB) counterparts and their potential to deliver high energy density at reduced costs. However, significant challenges remain, including limited capacity at high charge/discharge rates and structural instability during extended cycling. Addressing these issues is critical for advancing SIB technology toward industrial applications, particularly for large-scale energy storage systems. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of layered sodium transition metal oxides, focusing on their structural properties, electrochemical performance, and degradation mechanisms. Special attention is given to the intrinsic and extrinsic factors contributing to their instability, such as structural phase transitions, and cationic/anionic redox behavior. Additionally, recent advancements in material design strategies, including doping, surface modifications, and composite formation, are discussed to highlight the progress toward enhancing the stability and performance of these materials. This work aims to bridge the knowledge gaps and inspire further innovations in the development of high-performance cathodes for sodium-ion batteries.
Probiotics in Poultry: Unlocking Productivity Through Microbiome Modulation and Gut Health
Authors: Naeem Muhammad , Bourassa Dianna
Published: January 2025

This review explores the role of probiotics in improving productivity and gut health in poultry through microbiome modulation, particularly during early life. Gut health is pivotal to poultry performance, influencing nutrient absorption, immune function, and disease resistance. Early-life interventions target the microbiome to shape long-term health and productivity. Probiotics, live microorganisms providing health benefits, improve gut health through the competitive exclusion of pathogens, immune modulation, antimicrobial compound production, and enhancing gut barrier integrity. Applying probiotics improves growth performance, feed conversion efficiency, body weight gain, and carcass quality by promoting lean muscle growth and reducing fat deposition. For laying hens, probiotics enhance egg production and quality. These benefits are linked to better nutrient utilization, a well-balanced microbiome, and reduced gastrointestinal disorders. However, the efficacy of probiotics depends on strain specificity, dosage, and administration methods. Factors like environmental conditions, storage stability, and interactions with other feed additives also influence their effectiveness. Despite these challenges, advancements in microbiome research and probiotic technologies, such as precision probiotics and synbiotics, provide promising solutions. Future research should focus on optimizing formulations, understanding host–microbiome interactions, and leveraging new technologies for targeted microbiome management.
Construction of Hydrogen-Bonded Self-Assembled Structures of Sodium 4-[(4-Chlorobenzoyl) Amino] Benzoate for Dispersion and Lubrication in Polypropylene
Authors: Dong Yapeng , Lin Fuhua , Zhao Tianjiao , Wang Meizhen , Hao Xinyu , Ning Dingyi , Zhang Yanli , Zhang Kexin , Zhou Dan , Li Xiangyang , Luo Jun , Wang Bo
Published: January 2025

Among numerous nucleating agents, organic carboxylate nucleating agents have been demonstrated to markedly improve the crystallization of polypropylene (PP). However, poor dispersion in the PP matrix affects the modification effect. In this work, erucamide (ECM) and sodium 4-[(4-chlorobenzoyl) amino] benzoate (SCAB) form a hydrogen-bonded self-assembled structure to obtain the SCAB-ECM composite nucleating agent in order to improve the dispersion of SCAB in the PP matrix and to exert internal lubrication on the PP matrix. The molecular structure of the SCAB-ECM composite was investigated by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and the result showed that SCAB and ECM could form a hydrogen-bonded self-assembled structure after physical blending. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results visualized that ECM promoted the dispersion of SCAB due to the formation of hydrogen-bonded self-assembled structures by SCAB and ECM. The crystallization behavior was studied using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). At the crystallization temperature of 135 °C, the K of PP, PP/ECM, PP/SCAB, and PP/SCAB-ECM were 0.0002, 0.0004, 1.1616, and 1.8539, respectively. The crystallization properties of PP/SCAB-ECM were the best, which was attributed to the fact that SCAB formed a hydrogen-bonded self-assembled structure with ECM, which promoted the dispersion of SCAB in the PP matrix. The results of the rheological behavior demonstrated that the ECM can act as a lubrication effect, which was also proved by flexural strength results.
Synthesis, Bioproduction and Bioactivity of Perillic Acid—A Review
Authors: Rolim Thaís de Souza , Sampaio André Luiz Franco , Mazzei José Luiz , Moreira Davyson Lima , Siani Antonio Carlos
Published: January 2025

Perillic acid (PA) is a limonene derivative in which the exocyclic methyl is oxidized to a carboxyl group. Although endowed with potential anticancer activity, PA has been much less explored regarding its biological properties than analogous compounds such as perillyl alcohol, perillaldehyde, or limonene itself. PA is usually described in mixture with alcohols and ketones produced in the oxidation of monoterpenes, with relatively few existing reports focusing on the PA molecule. This study provides a comprehensive review of PA, addressing its origin, the processes of obtaining it through organic synthesis and biotransformation, and the pharmacological tests in which it is either the lead compound or reference for in vitro efficacy in experimental models. Although feasible and generally poorly yielded, the synthesis of PA from limonene requires multiple steps and the use of unusual catalysts. The most economical process involves using (−)-β-pinene epoxide as the starting material, ending up with (−)-PA. On the other hand, some bacteria and yeasts are successful in producing, exclusively or at satisfactory purity level, PA from limonene or a few other monoterpenes, through environmentally friendly approaches. The compiled data revealed that, with few exceptions, most reports on PA bioactivity are related to its ability to interfere with the prenylation process of oncogenic proteins, an essential step for the growth and dissemination of cancer cells. The present survey reveals that there is still a vast field to disclose regarding the obtaining and scaling of PA via the fermentative route, as well as extending prospective studies on its properties and possible pharmacological applications, especially in the preclinical oncology field.
Effect of Amino Acid, Sugar, Ca2+, and Mg2+ on Maillard Reaction-Associated Products in Modified Sparkling Base Wines During Accelerated Aging
Authors: Charnock Hannah M. , Pickering Gary J. , Kemp Belinda S.
Published: January 2025

The Maillard reaction (MR) between sugars and amino acids, peptides, or proteins is understood to occur gradually during the production and aging of sparkling wines, where it contributes to caramel, roasted, and toasted aromas. Divalent metal ions can accelerate the MR, although this has not been previously reported in wine or wine-like conditions. In this work, the effect of calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) ions on the concentration of 10 Maillard reaction-associated products (MRPs) was measured in modified sparkling base wine during accelerated aging at 50 °C for four weeks. Chardonnay base wine was modified by the addition of fructose (0.02 M) and a single amino acid (lysine, glycine, cysteine; 0.01 M) in combination with Ca2+ or Mg2+ at zero, low (10 mg/L), or high (50 mg/L) dose levels. MRPs were quantified by headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC/MS), sugar concentration was measured by enzymatic assay, and amino acids and free metal ions were monitored by capillary electrophoresis. Fructose levels did not substantially decrease during aging despite increases in all MRPs, suggesting that trace sugars or α-dicarbonyl species present in the wine matrix likely play a greater role in MRP formation than fructose. Aging duration and amino acid content had a greater effect than metal addition on the composition of the MRPs. Treatments containing cysteine and 50 mg/L Ca2+ had elevated concentrations of benzaldehyde and furfural ethyl ether following 4 weeks of accelerated aging. This work identified key MRPs that increase during base wine accelerated aging and informs future research on the relationship between wine composition and aging markers.
Potential Transformation of Food Resveratrol: Mechanisms and Biological Impact
Authors: Jaa Ayoub , de Moura Patricia Homobono Brito , Ruiz-Larrea María Begoña , Ruiz Sanz José Ignacio , Richard Tristan
Published: January 2025

Resveratrol is a naturally occurring phenolic compound found in foods like grapes, berries, and peanuts. It has attracted substantial interest for its potential human health benefits, including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Research indicates that resveratrol may contribute to cardiovascular health, protect cognitive function, and exhibit anticancer properties. However, various factors such as pH levels, exposure to light, specific enzymes, and metal ions can alter its chemical structure, affecting its biological activities. These reactions can lead to the formation of different metabolites and polymers, which may affect the stability and bioactivity of resveratrol. This review examines the transformation of resveratrol from its natural sources to its consumption by humans. Additionally, we explore the biological activities of the resulting compounds of resveratrol transformations.
Comparative Phytochemistry of Polyacetylenes of the Genus Artemisia (Asteraceae): Compounds with High Biological Activities and Chemotaxonomic Significance
Authors: Greger Harald
Published: January 2025

In spite of the many chemical reports on polyacetylenes of the genus Artemisia, combined conclusions regarding their distribution and biological functions are widely missing. The aim of the present review was to arrange the diversity of polyacetylenes in the genus following biogenetic aspects and group them together into characteristic structural types. The co-occurrence of the dehydrofalcarinol type with the aromatic capillen-isocoumarin type represents a characteristic biogenetic trend, clearly segregating species of the subgenus Dracunculus from those of the subgenera Artemisia and Absinthium, distinguished by the spiroketal enol ether and/or linear triyne type. Various accumulation trends toward specific structures additionally contribute to a more natural species grouping within the subgenera. Biological activities were reported for all four structural types, ranging from antifungal, insecticidal, nematicidal, and cytotoxic properties to allelopathic effects. Of particular interest were their remarkable cytotoxic potencies, from which the very high values of dehydrofalcarin-3,8-diol may be associated with the pronounced affinity of this type to form extremely stable bonds to proteins acting in signaling pathways. The aromatic acetylene capillin inhibited the viability of various tumor cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Its potent apoptosis-inducing activity was induced via the mitochondrial pathway. A group of spiroketal enol ethers was identified as inhibitors of PMA-induced superoxide generation. Among them, the epoxide of the isovalerate ester exhibited the highest potency. The ecological impact of acetylene formation was made apparent by the allelopathic effects of DME of the linear triyne type, and the aromatic capillen by inhibiting seed germination and growth of widespread weeds.
Complex Refractive Index Spectrum of CsPbBr3 Nanocrystals via the Effective Medium Approximation
Authors: Park Sang-Hyuk , Kim Jungwon , Kim Min Ju , Kim Min Woo , Taylor Robert A. , Kyhm Kwangseuk
Published: January 2025

We have estimated the intrinsic complex refractive index spectrum of a CsPbBr3 nanocrystal. With various dilute solutions of CsPbBr3 nanocrystals dissolved in toluene, effective refractive indices were measured at two different wavelengths using Michelson interferometry. Given the effective absorption spectrum of the solution, a full spectrum of the effective refractive index was also obtained through the Kramers–Krönig relations. Based on the Maxwell–Garnett model in the effective medium approximation, the real and imaginary spectrum of the complex refractive index was estimated for the CsPbBr3 nanocrystal, and the dominant inaccuracy was attributed to the size inhomogeneity.
Prediction of the Trimer Protein Interface Residue Pair by CNN-GRU Model Based on Multi-Feature Map
Authors: Lyu Yanfen , Xiong Ting , Shi Shuaibo , Wang Dong , Yang Xueqing , Liu Qihuan , Li Zhengtan , Li Zhixin , Wang Chunxia , Chen Ruiai
Published: January 2025

Most life activities of organisms are realized through protein–protein interactions, and these interactions are mainly achieved through residue–residue contact between monomer proteins. Consequently, studying residue–residue contact at the protein interaction interface can contribute to a deeper understanding of the protein–protein interaction mechanism. In this paper, we focus on the research of the trimer protein interface residue pair. Firstly, we utilize the amino acid k-interval product factor descriptor (AAIPF(k)) to integrate the positional information and physicochemical properties of amino acids, combined with the electric properties and geometric shape features of residues, to construct an 8 × 16 multi-feature map. This multi-feature map represents a sample composed of two residues on a trimer protein. Secondly, we construct a CNN-GRU deep learning framework to predict the trimer protein interface residue pair. The results show that when each dimer protein provides 10 prediction results and two protein–protein interaction interfaces of a trimer protein needed to be accurately predicted, the accuracy of our proposed method is 60%. When each dimer protein provides 10 prediction results and one protein–protein interaction interface of a trimer protein needs to be accurately predicted, the accuracy of our proposed method is 93%. Our results can provide experimental researchers with a limited yet precise dataset containing correct trimer protein interface residue pairs, which is of great significance in guiding the experimental resolution of the trimer protein three-dimensional structure. Furthermore, compared to other computational methods, our proposed approach exhibits superior performance in predicting residue–residue contact at the trimer protein interface.