bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Atmospheric mercury in the southern hemisphere tropics: seasonal and diurnal variations and influence of inter-hemispheric transport
Authors: Howard Dean , Nelson Peter F. , Edwards Grant C. , Morrison Anthony L. , Fisher Jenny A. , Ward Jason , Harnwell James , van der Schoot Marcel , Atkinson Brad , Chambers Scott D. , Griffiths Alan D. , Werczynski Sylvester , Williams Alastair G.
Published: April 2017

Abstract. Mercury is a toxic element of serious concern for human and environmental health. Understanding its natural cycling in the environment is an important goal towards assessing its impacts and the effectiveness of mitigation strategies. Due to the unique chemical and physical properties of mercury, the atmosphere is the dominant transport pathway for this heavy metal, with the consequence that regions far removed from sources can be impacted. However, there exists a dearth of long-term monitoring of atmospheric mercury, particularly in the tropics and southern hemisphere. This paper presents the first two years of gaseous elemental mercury (GEM) measurements taken at the Australian Tropical Atmospheric Research Station (ATARS) in northern Australia, as part of the Global Mercury Observation System (GMOS). Annual mean GEM concentrations determined at ATARS (0.95 ± 0.12 ng m−3) are consistent with recent observations at other sites in the southern hemisphere. Comparison with GEM data from other Australian monitoring sites suggests a concentration gradient that decreases with increasing latitude. Seasonal analysis shows that GEM concentrations at ATARS are significantly lower in the distinct wet monsoon season than in the dry season. This result provides insight into alterations of natural mercury cycling processes as a result of changes in atmospheric humidity, oceanic/terrestrial fetch and convective mixing, and invites future investigation using wet mercury deposition measurements. Due to its location relative to the atmospheric equator, ATARS intermittently samples air originating from the northern hemisphere, allowing an opportunity to gain greater understanding of inter-hemispheric transport of mercury and other atmospheric species. Diurnal cycles of GEM at ATARS show distinct nocturnal depletion events that are attributed to dry deposition under stable boundary layer conditions. These cycles provide strong further evidence for the multi-hop model of global GEM cycling, whereby long-range transport is characterised by multiple surface depositions and re-emissions, rather than continuous transport over long distances.
Biogeochemical diversity and hot moments of GHG emissions from shallow alkaline lakes in the Pantanal of Nhecolândia, Brazil
Authors: Barbiero Laurent , Siqueira Neto Marcos , Braz Rosangela Rodrigues , Carmo Janaina Braga de , Rezende Filho Ary Tavares , Mazzi Edmar , Fernandes Fernando Antonio , Damatto Sandra Regina , Camargo Plinio Barbosa de
Published: April 2017

Abstract. Nhecolândia is a vast sub-region of the Pantanal wetland in Brazil with great diversity in surface water chemistry evolving in a sodic alkaline pathway under the influence of evaporation. In this region, more than 15,000 shallow lakes are likely to contribute an enormous quantity of greenhouse gas to the atmosphere, but the diversity of the biogeochemical scenarios and their variability in time and space is a major challenge to estimate the regional contribution. In this study, we compiled measurements of the physico-chemical characteristics of water and sediments, gas fluxes in floating chambers, and sedimentation rates to illustrate this diversity. Although these lakes have a similar chemical composition, the results confirm an opposition between the black-water and green-water alkaline lakes, corresponding to distinct biogeochemical functioning. Black-water lakes are CO2 and CH4 sources, with fairly constant emissions throughout the seasons. Annual carbon dioxide and methane emissions approach 790 mmol m−2 y−1 and 73 mmol m−2 y−1, respectively. By contrast, green-water lakes are CO2 sinks but significant CH4 sources with fluxes varying significantly throughout the seasons, depending on the development of the cyanobacterial bloom. The results highlight two hot moments for methane emissions. The first one is suspected after the disappearance of the cyanobacterial bloom, which is accompanied by a drop in pH of the upper part of the sediments. The second one is identified when the O2-supersaturation is reached under extreme bloom and sunny weather conditions, which provoke an abrupt O2 purging of the lakes. Taking into account the seasonal variability, annual methane emissions are around 8,850 mmol m−2 y−1, i.e., much higher than reported in previous studies for alkaline lakes in Nhecolândia. Carbon dioxide consumption is estimated about 1,140 mmol m−2 y−1. However, these balances must be better constrained with systematic and targeted measurements around these hot moments.
Influence of North Pacific decadal variability on the western Canadian Arctic over the past 700 years
Authors: Lapointe François , Francus Pierre , Lamoureux Scott F. , Vuille Mathias , Jenny Jean-Philippe , Bradley Raymond S. , Massa Charly
Published: April 2017

Abstract. Understanding how internal climate variability influences arctic regions is required to better forecast future global climate variations. This paper investigates an annually-laminated (varved) record from the western Canadian Arctic and finds that the varves are negatively correlated with both the instrumental Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) during the past century and also with reconstructed PDO over the past 700 years, suggesting drier Arctic conditions during high-PDO phases, and vice versa. These results are in agreement with known regional teleconnections, whereby the PDO is negatively and positively correlated with summer precipitation and mean sea level pressure respectively. This pattern is also evident during the positive phase of the North Pacific Index (NPI) in autumn. Reduced sea-ice cover during summer–autumn is observed in the region during PDO− (NPI+) and is associated with low-level southerly winds that originate from the northernmost Pacific across the Bering Strait and can reach as far as the western Canadian Arctic. These climate anomalies are associated with the PDO− (NPI+) phase and are key factors in enhancing evaporation and subsequent precipitation in this region of the Arctic. Collectively, the sedimentary evidence suggests that North Pacific climate variability has been a persistent regulator of the regional climate in the western Canadian Arctic. Since projected sea-ice loss will contribute to enhanced future warming in the Arctic, future negative phases of the PDO (or NPI+) will likely act to amplify this positive feedback.
Ellipsoids (v1.0): 3D Magnetic modelling of ellipsoidal bodies
Authors: Tomazella Diego Takahashi , Oliveira Jr. Vanderlei C.
Published: April 2017

Abstract. A considerable amount of literature has been published on the magnetic modelling of uniformly magnetized ellipsoids since the second half of the nineteenth century. Ellipsoids have flexibility to represent a wide range of geometrical forms, are the only known bodies which can be uniformly magnetized in the presence of a uniform inducing field and are the only bodies for which the self-demagnetization can be treated analytically. This property makes ellipsoids particularly useful for modelling compact orebodies having high susceptibility. In this case, neglecting the self-demagnetization may strongly mislead the interpretation of these bodies by using magnetic methods. A number of previous studies consider that the self-demagnetization can be neglected for the case in which the geological body has an isotropic susceptibility lower than or equal to 0.1 SI. This limiting value, however, seems to be determined empirically and there has been no discussion about how this value was determined. Besides, the geoscientific community lacks an easy-to-use tool to simulate the magnetic field produced by uniformly magnetized ellipsoids. Here, we present an integrated review of the magnetic modelling of arbitrarily oriented triaxial, prolate and oblate ellipsoids. Our review includes ellipsoids with both induced and remanent magnetization, as well as with isotropic or anisotropic susceptibility. We also propose a way of determining the isotropic susceptibility above which the self-demagnetization must be taken into consideration. Tests with synthetic data validate our approach. Finally, we provide a set of routines to model the magnetic field produced by ellipsoids. The routines are written in Python language as part of the Fatiando a Terra, which is an open-source library for modelling and inversion in geophysics.
Measuring precipitation with a geolysimeter
Authors: Smith Craig D. , van der Kamp Garth , Arnold Lauren , Schmidt Randy
Published: April 2017

Abstract. Using the relationship between measured groundwater pressures in deep observation wells with total surface loading, a geological weighing lysimeter (geolysimeter) has the capability of measuring precipitation event totals independent of conventional precipitation gauge observations. Correlations between ground water pressure change and event precipitation were observed at a co-located site near Duck Lake, SK over a multi-year and multi-season period. Correlations varied from 0.99 for rainfall to 0.94 for snowfall. The geolysimeter was shown to underestimate rainfall by 7 % while overestimating snowfall by 9 % as compared to the unadjusted gauge precipitation. It is speculated that the underestimation of rainfall is due to unmeasured runoff and evapotranspiration within the sensing area of the geolysimeter during larger rainfall events while the overestimation of snow is at least partially due to the systematic undercatch common to most precipitation gauges due to wind. Using recently developed transfer functions from the World Meteorological Organization's (WMO) Solid Precipitation Intercomparison Experiment (SPICE), bias adjustments were applied to the Alter shielded, Geonor T-200B precipitation gauge measurements of snowfall to mitigate wind induced errors. The bias between the gauge and geolysimeter measurements was reduced to 3 %. This suggests that the geolysimeter is capable of accurately measuring solid precipitation, and can be used as an independent and representative reference of true precipitation.
Large-scale forcing of the European Slope Current and associated inflows to the North Sea
Authors: Marsh Robert , Haigh Ivan D. , Cunningham Stuart A. , Inall Mark E. , Porter Marie , Moat Ben I.
Published: April 2017

Abstract. The European Slope Current provides a shelf-edge conduit for Atlantic Water, a substantial fraction of which is destined for the northern North Sea, with implications for regional hydrography and ecosystems. Drifters drogued at 50 m in the European Slope Current at the Hebridean shelf break follow a wide range of pathways, indicating highly variable Atlantic inflow to the North Sea. Slope Current pathways, timescales and transports over 1988–2007 are further quantified in an eddy-resolving ocean model hindcast. Particle trajectories calculated with model currents indicate that Slope Current water is largely recruited from the eastern subpolar North Atlantic. Observations of absolute dynamic topography and climatological density support theoretical expectations that Slope Current transport is to first order associated with meridional density gradients in the eastern subpolar gyre, which support a geostrophic inflow towards the slope. In the model hindcast, Slope Current transport variability is dominated by abrupt 25–50 % reductions of these density gradients over 1996–1998. Concurrent changes in wind forcing, expressed in terms of density gradients, act in the same sense to reduce Slope Current transport. This indicates that coordinated regional changes of buoyancy and wind forcing acted together to reduce Slope Current transport during the 1990s. Particle trajectories further show that 10–40 % of Slope Current water is destined for the northern North Sea within 6 months of passing to the west of Scotland, with a general decline in this percentage over 1988–2007. Salinities in the Slope Current correspondingly decreased, evidenced in ocean analysis data. Further to the north, in the Atlantic Water conveyed by the Slope Current through the Faroe–Shetland Channel (FSC), salinity is observed to increase over this period while declining in the hindcast. The observed trend may have broadly compensated for a decline in the Atlantic inflow, limiting salinity changes in the northern North Sea during this period. Proxies for both Slope Current transport and Atlantic inflow to the North Sea are sought in sea level height differences across the FSC and between Shetland and the Scottish mainland (Wick). Variability of Slope Current transport on a wide range of timescales, from seasonal to multi-decadal, is implicit in sea level differences between Lerwick (Shetland) and Tórshavn (Faroes), in both tide gauge records from 1957 and a longer model hindcast spanning 1958–2012. Wick–Lerwick sea level differences in tide gauge records from 1965 indicate considerable decadal variability in the Fair Isle Current transport that dominates Atlantic inflow to the northwest North Sea, while sea level differences in the hindcast are dominated by strong seasonal variability. Uncertainties in the Wick tide gauge record limit confidence in this proxy.
Probabilistic Design of Wind Turbine Blades with Treatment of
Manufacturing Defects as Uncertainty Variables in a Framework
Authors: Riddle Trey W. , Nelson Jared W. , Cairns Douglas S.
Published: April 2017

Abstract. Given that wind turbine blades are such large structures, the use of low-cost composite manufacturing processes and materials has been necessary for the industry to be cost competitive. Since these manufacturing methods can lead to inclusion of unwanted defects, potentially reducing blade life, the Blade Reliability Collaborative tasked the Montana State University Composites Group with assessing the effects of these defects. Utilizing the results of characterization and mechanical testing studies, probabilistic models were developed to assess the reliability of a wind blade with known defects. As such, defects were found to best be assessed as design parameters in a parametric probabilistic analysis allowing for establishment of a consistent framework to validate categorization and analysis. Monte Carlo simulations were found to adequately describe the probability of failure of composite blades with included defects. By treating defects as random variables, the approaches utilized indicate the level of conservation used in blade design may be reduced when considering fatigue. In turn, safety factors may be reduced as some of the uncertainty surrounding blade failure is reduced when analysed with application specific data. Overall, the results indicate that characterization of defects and reduction of design uncertainty is possible for wind turbine blades.
O PROCESSO EVOLUTIVO DO TRANSPORTE ESCOLAR RURAL BRASILEIRO NO MODO RODOVIÁRIO
Authors: Carvalho Willer Luciano , De Sousa Leite Poliana , Pereira Nascimento Heitor
Published: April 2017

RESUMO: Os estudantes brasileiros, especialmente os que residem em zonas rurais, enfrentam várias dificuldades para terem acesso à educação, como os longos trajetos entre a casa e a escola. O oferecimento do serviço de transporte escolar gratuito é fundamental nesse processo a fim de assegurar um direito constitucional. Diante disso, o Governo Federal criou o programa “Caminho da Escola”, que tem como meta a renovação da frota, além de estudos, juntamente com universidades federais, para melhor conhecer a realidade desse serviço, e promover melhorias no sistema. Dessa forma, esse trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar a evolução do transporte escolar rural no Brasil a partir da implantação do programa Caminho da Escola e do desenvolvimento dos estudos a partir de 2005 pelo Fundo Nacional de Desenvolvimento da Educação – FNDE com o apoio de Universidades. Assim, foi realizada uma pesquisa de campo abrangendo todo o território brasileiro, coordenada pelo FNDE, e a Universidade Federal do Tocantins, onde foram pesquisados 450 municípios, permitindo caracterizar o transporte escolar rural do Brasil, e comparar os resultados encontrados com os obtidos no início dos estudos e antes da implantação do programa. Como resultado, foi observada melhoria no Transporte Escolar Rural no Brasil. Assim, o trabalho atinge o seu objetivo em mostrar o processo evolutivo desse serviço ao longo dos anos, apontando os efeitos das políticas públicas implementadas.

ABSTRACT: Brazilian students, especially those living in rural areas face a number of difficulties to education access, such as long commutes between home and school. The offer of free school transport service is essential in this process to ensure a constitutional right. Thus, the Federal Government created the program "Road to School", which aims to fleet renewal, as well as studies, along with federal universities, to better understand the service reality, and improve the system. Thus, this study aims to assess the development of rural school transportation in Brazil since the implementation of the Road to School program and the development of studies from 2005 by the National Fund for Education Development - FNDE with the support of universities. Thus, a field survey covering the entire Brazilian territory was held, coordinated by the FNDE, and the Federal University of Tocantins, where they surveyed 450 municipalities, allowing characterize the rural school transportation in Brazil. Thus, the work reaches its goal to show the evolutionary process of this service over the years, indicating the effects of the implemented public policies.
PARÂMETROS AMBIENTAIS E MATERIAIS QUE AFETAM A PENETRAÇÃO DE CLORETOS EM ESTRUTURAS DE CONCRETO – ESTUDO DE CASO DA ILHA DOS ARVOREDOS
Authors: Tino Balestra Carlos Eduardo , Geimba de Lima Maryangela , Medeiros-Junior Ronaldo A. , Alves Egg Monteiro Ana Julia
Published: April 2017

RESUMO: A corrosão das armaduras induzida por cloretos é um dos principais problemas relacionados à degradação de estruturas de concreto armado em ambiente marinho. Desta forma, este artigo apresenta uma compilação e discussão dos principais parâmetros ambientais e materiais que influenciam na penetração de cloretos em estruturas de concreto presentes neste ambiente. Além disso, como estudo de caso, ensaios de espectroscopia de fluorescência de Raios-X em amostras de concreto foram realizados em pontos de algumas estruturas presentes em diferentes zonas de agressividade marinha. As conclusões deste trabalho mostram que a degradação de uma estrutura pode ser evitada desde a etapa de projeto e que há um grande número de variáveis ambientais e materiais que afetam o processo. Esse trabalho contribui para a evolução do conhecimento sobre estruturas que sofrem degradação natural, expostas ao ambiente marinho. Os ensaios de espectroscopia de fluorescência de Raios-X mostraram que, sob uma perspectiva da corrosão, a zona de variação de maré é a mais agressiva às estruturas de concreto armado. Os ciclos de molhagem e secagem aos quais a zona de variação de maré está sujeita contribuem para acelerar a penetração dos cloretos no concreto. Portanto, de acordo com o tipo de zona marinha onde as estruturas podem estar presentes, o nível de agressividade quanto à corrosão induzida por cloretos é variável.

ABSTRACT: The reinforcement corrosion induced by chlorides is one of the main problems related to the degradation of reinforced concrete structures in marine environment. Thus, this paper presents a compilation and discussion of key environmental and materials parameters that influence the chloride penetration in concrete structures present in this environment. Furthermore, as a case study, Fluorescence Spectroscopy X-ray testing of concrete samples were made in points of structures presents in different marine aggressive zones. The conclusions of this study show that degradation of a structure can be prevented from the design stage and that there are a large number of environmental and materials variables involved. This paper contributes to knowledge evolution about structures with natural degradation that are exposed to the marine environment. The X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy experiments showed that, from a perspective of corrosion, tidal zone is the most aggressive zone to reinforced concrete structures. The wetting and drying cycles contribute to accelerate the penetration of the chlorides into the concrete. Therefore, according to the type of marine zone where structures may be present, the level of aggressiveness for chloride-induced corrosion is variable.
ESTUDO DE PARÂMETROS RELEVANTES NA OBTENÇÃO DE TERMOGRAMAS PARA DIAGNÓSTICO DE PROBLEMAS PATOLÓGICOS
Authors: Sakamoto Camila Akemi , Fioriti Cesar Fabiano
Published: April 2017

RESUMO: Esse trabalho trata do estudo de sensibilidade de um equipamento de termografia, em que foram avaliados os seguintes parâmetros relevantes na obtenção de termogramas: (1) influência das reflexões (superfície refletante e obstáculos), (2) influência do gradiente de temperatura, (3) influência da cor (temperatura ambiente e radiação solar) e (4) influência da distância da câmera infravermelha ao objeto. Dessa maneira, de caráter experimental, foi realizada em ambiente de laboratório uma análise e interpretação da avaliação dos parâmetros relevantes na obtenção de termogramas, sendo que foi possível avaliar as potencialidades da termografia infravermelha conseguindo com os diferentes ensaios a determinação da temperatura superficial dos materiais e componentes, bem como pode ser verificado a importância do conhecimento da sensibilidade das técnicas de ensaio utilizadas em medições para a avaliação do desempenho físico de corpos de prova. Por meio dos parâmetros estudados foi possível concluir que há muitas influências, como por exemplo, a refletividade e a atenuação atmosférica, que podem produzir uma análise incorreta ou até mesmo incapacitar a visualização de algum problema patológico presente. É preciso então, além de conhecimento do assunto, ter atenção a todos os fatores externos de forma a serem detectados e eliminados, ou ainda levados em consideração na hora da execução da técnica da termografia infravermelha para que sejam minimizados.

ABSTRACT: This paper presents a sensitivity study of a thermography equipment, in which evaluated the following parameters relevant to the achievement of thermographs: (1) influence of reflections (refletante surface and obstacles), (2) influence of temperature gradient, (3) influence of color (ambient temperature and solar radiation) and (4) influence of distance from infrared camera to the object. In this way, a laboratory analysis and interpretation of the evaluation of the relevant parameters in the obtaining of thermograms was carried out in a laboratory environment, and it was possible to evaluate the potentialities of the infrared thermography, obtaining with the different tests the determination of the surface temperature of the materials and Components as well as the importance of knowledge of the sensitivity of the test techniques used in measurements for the evaluation of the physical performance of test specimens can be verified. Through the studied parameters it was possible to conclude that there are many influences, such as reflectivity and atmospheric attenuation, which can produce an incorrect analysis or even incapacitate the visualization of some present pathological problem. It is necessary, in addition to knowledge of the subject, to pay attention to all external factors in order to be detected and eliminated, or even taken into account when performing the technique of infrared thermography so that they are minimized.
SEMINÁRIO INTEGRADO, INTERDISCIPLINARIDADE E FORMAÇÃO DOCENTE: Tríade no ensino médio politécnico
Authors: Bedin Everton
Published: April 2017

Este artigo tem por intuito apresentar, por meio de uma pesquisa etnográfica de cunho exploratório-qualitativo, via uso da observação e de grupo focal, de que maneira a disciplina Seminário Integrado (SI), advinda com a reestruturação curricular no estado gaúcho, pode proporcionar, por meio da interdisciplinaridade, subsídios para uma formação docente colaborativa em prol da construção sociocultural e psico-cognitiva do discente. No termino da pesquisa, foi possivel averiguar que os estudantes são instigados a pesquisar e compreender o mundo em que vivem, relacionando teoria e prática para favorecer o próprio desenvolvimento social e cultural. Destarte, percebeu-se que a disciplina tem possibilitado o diálogo de forma colaborativa e interdisciplinar entre os componentes curriculares, seja pela combinação de objetivos ou pela expansão contextualizada dos componentes entre si, uma vez que a elaboração das atividades na disciplina está voltada a estratégias diversas no sentido de fomentar o trabalho em grupo, o diálogo com o outro, a interatividade e a construção de uma docência coletiva.
INCIDÊNCIA DE HIPOTIREOIDISMO CONGÊNITO IDENTIFICADOS NO TESTE DO PEZINHO E SEU IMPACTO NO PROCESSO DE EDUCAÇÃO EM SAÚDE.
Authors: Gomes Borguet Fulanetti Karine , Leite Joselina , Cesar Marcos , Sousa Vilela Marielle , Rodrigues Santana Regis , Junio Cândido Bernardes Milton
Published: April 2017

Estudo descritivo com abordagem quantitativa que teve como objetivos levantar a incidência do Hipotireoidismo Congênito (HC) região leste do município de Goiânia –GO e verificar os registros nos livros do Programa Nacional de Triagem Neonatal (PNTN) referentes ao HC bom como seu impacto no processo de educação em saúde. Os dados foram coletados em duas unidades básicas de saúde, utilizou-se um roteiro estruturado com perguntas fechadas como instrumento de coleta. Foram avaliados 2015 registros, o resultado revelou que 765 (37,96%) não constavam dados referentes ao HC, encontravam-se incompletos. Os resultados apontaram a importância do enfermeiro no PNTN e a necessidade de investir na capacitação e educação continuada dos profissionais responsáveis pela triagem neonatal.
AS DIFICULDADES ENFRENTADAS PELOS ACADÊMICOS DE EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA EM SITUAÇÃO DE ESTÁGIO CURRICULAR SUPERVISIONADO FRENTE AOS ALUNOS COM DEFICIÊNCIA
Authors: Krug Hugo Norberto , Julierme Santos da Conceição Victor , Telles Cassiano , De Rosso Krug Rodrigo , Paludett Flores Patric , De Rosso Krug Marilia
Published: April 2017

O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar as dificuldades enfrentadas pelos acadêmicos em situação de Estágio Curricular Supervisionado nos anos iniciais do ensino fundamental de um curso de licenciaturaem Educação Físicade uma universidade pública da região sul do Brasil frente aos alunos com deficiência. Esta pesquisa qualitativa descritiva do tipo estudo de caso utilizou como instrumento uma entrevista semiestruturada interpretada pela análise de conteúdo. Participaram dez acadêmicos em situação de Estágio Curricular Supervisionado do referido curso. Identificou-se oito dificuldades, sendo a maioria (seis) de cunho pedagógico e a minoria (duas) de cunho estrutural (uma) e conceitual (uma), demonstrando a complexidade da inclusão escolar.
GESTÃO ESCOLAR: MOTIVAÇÃO, ATITUDES E POSSIBILIDADES PARA MELHORAR RESULTADOS
Authors: Waihrich Marim Teixeira Betina , Siqueira Sílvia De
Published: April 2017

O gestor escolar deve ter uma boa liderança de comunicação, sabendo interagir com sua equipe de trabalho de modo equilibrado e positivo, valorizando o potencial de cada professor. A escola é uma organização que sempre precisou mostrar resultados em relação ao aprendizado dos alunos, porém nem sempre são positivos. Para evitar desperdícios de esforços e fazer com que os objetivos sejam atingidos ano após ano, sabe-se que é necessário a presença da equipe gestora e professores que atuem como líderes, motivadores, capazes de programar ações direcionadas para esse foco. Diante disso, o objetivo deste estudo é investigar quais as formas encontradas pelos gestores e sua equipe para promover a motivação dos professores em sala de aula. Para isso, foram realizadas entrevistas com professores e gestores de escolas do município de Júlio de Castilhos. Considera-se relevante este estudo, pois ser professor é uma das profissões que mais teve aumento de tarefas nós últimos tempos e a motivação está ligada diretamente com essa profissão.
ANÁLISE DA CLASSIFICAÇÃO DA DIVERSIDADE DAS ÁREAS DOS PERIÓDICOS (ANO 2015) QUALIS-CAPES E AS ESPECIFICIDADES DA ÁREA DA EDUCAÇÃO (ANO 2015) A trajetória e estatística.
Authors: de Oliveira Jose Silvio , Assis Pinto Calinca , Carvalho. Êmica Signato , Nunes Erlaine Faria , Rodrigues De Brito Felipe , Gonçalves Da Silva Fernanda , Silva. Laura Lorrane , De Assis Filho Wagner Brasil
Published: April 2017

O objetivo dessa pesquisa, como deixa evidente o título, é analisar dois arquivos dos anos 2015 (áreas distintas) e 2015, (educação) a saber: o arquivo áreas distintas e o da área da educação respectivamente. Os arquivos foram extraídos da classificação no sistema Qualis, ferramenta essa, utilizada nos pelos Programas de Pós-Graduação mantidos pela CAPES (Comissão de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal do Nível Superior), a partir da Plataforma Sucupira. Nesse interim, os periódicos são divididos por áreas científicas do conhecimento, utilizando critérios prévios, a estabelecer a estratificação de uma lista única contendo todos os periódicos, o que na verdade, consolida o processo avaliativo determinado pela Qualis. Metodologicamente é uma pesquisa bibliográfica e documental referente às atividades dos discentes (bolsistas Provec/Probec) do Projeto de extensão intitulado Itinerarius Reflectionis, da Universidade Federal de Goiás/Regional Jataí, ano 2016. O trabalho foi dividido em três partes, a primeira, elaborou-se uma síntese histórica da trajetória do processo avaliativo. A segunda parte descreveu-se os dados estatísticos, utilizando gráficos e apresentando a porcentagem de cada área e suas relações hierárquicas para atingir certo patamar de excelência junto à Capes, finalmente, a terceira parte, abordou-se especificamente o extrato da área da educação do ano de 2016, neste sentido, a pesquisa procurou decodificar as estatísticas dos mais variados periódicos da área da educação.Palavras Chave: Periódicos, Capes, Classificação.
Perceived Work-Life Interface and Organizational Citizenship Behavior: Are Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment Mediates the Relations? (Study on Star Hotels Employees in Indonesia)
Authors: Prasetio Arif Partono , Yuniarsih Tjutju , Ahman Eeng
Published: April 2017

The aim of the study is to examine the mediation of job satisfaction and organizational commitment in the relations between work-life interface and organizational citizenship behavior. This study use paper and pencil questionnaire which consists of 48 items and get response from 277 employees from 3-5 stars hotel in Bandung. To identify the relation between variables, this study using explanatory causal analysis which describe the causal relation using hypothesis. Respondents selected using nonprobability sampling method with accidental technique. The result showed that positive and negative aspect of work-life interface (conflict and balance) has direct effect on OCB. Only job satisfaction has mediation effect in the relations. Hotel industry needs to apply human resources policies which focus on the supporting work and private life in order to increase the employees’ satisfaction. In the end satisfied employees will contribute more to the organizations’ achievement.
Remnant Extraction by Using an Intraocular Lens Injector with Essential Flow
Authors: Yamakawa Momoko , Kusaka Mami , Yamada Shogo , Akimoto Masayuki
Published: April 2017

Purpose

To describe a new technique for remnant removal in cases of posterior capsular rupture during cataract surgery and Soemmering ring extraction during intraocular lens (IOL) removal.

Methods

An IOL injector, inserted into the anterior chamber, provides a new exit for residual lens fragments. Passive fluid flow, supplied by an anterior chamber maintainer or some ocular viscoelastic device (OVD) injection, delivers the residual fragments into a lumen of the injector in assistance with a second device such as a phaco-chopper and vitreous cutter.

Results

Soemmering rings can be removed safely through small incisions even when under the iris. Nucleus fragments in anterior chamber can be removed safely. Fragments that fall into the vitreous cavity can float up for removal by passive flow.

Conclusions

This new technique, remnant extraction through lens injector with essential flow, has several practical advantages over existing methods including reduced OVD injection and smaller incision size. It may offer an alternative to existing methods of remnant removal in cases of posterior capsular rupture during cataract surgery and Soemmering ring extraction.
Evaluation of a Device for Standardized Measurements of Reading Performance in a Prepresbyopic Population
Authors: Arad Tschingis , Baumeister Martin , Bühren Jens , Kohnen Thomas
Published: April 2017

Purpose

Automated measurements of reading performance are required for clinical trials involving presbyopia-correcting surgery options. Repeatability of a testing device for reading (Salzburg Reading Desk) was evaluated in a prepresbyopic population.

Methods

Subjective reading performance of 50 subjects divided into 2 age groups (23-30 years and 38-49 years) with distance-corrected eyes was investigated with different log-scaled reading charts. At study entry, refractive parameters were measured and distance visual acuity assessed. Two standardized binocular measurements were performed for each subject (32.24 ± 9.87 days apart [mean ± SD]). The repeatability of the tests was estimated using correlation coefficients, Wilcoxon signed-rank test, and Bland-Altman method.

Results

The test parameters at both maximum reading rate (MRR) measurements demonstrate a strong relationship of age group 2 subjects (correlation coefficient [r] = 0.74 p = 10−4) and of younger subjects (age group 1: r = 0.69, p = 10−4). Prepresbyopic subjects of age group 2 showed moderate results for near reading distance (r = 0.67, p = 10−4); by contrast, younger subjects had poorer results (r = 0.55, p = 10−3). The Wilcoxon signed-rank test revealed agreement between measurements and Bland-Altman plots showed a wide data spread for MRR and near reading distance in both groups.

Conclusions

The device measures repeatedly selected reading performance parameters of near real world conditions, such as MRR, in prepresbyopic populations if several factors are taken into account. The option to choose preferred distance leads to more variance in measuring repeated reading performance.

Trial registration

German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS) registration reference number: DRKS00000784.
Negative staining of the vitreous with the use of vital dyes
Authors: Mariotti Cesare , Nicolai Michele , Donati Simone , Reibaldi Michele
Published: April 2017

Purpose:

The vitreous cortex, epiretinal membrane (ERM), and inner limiting membrane (ILM) are transparent tissues and are thus difficult to visualize. Staining these structures can increase the efficiency of a nontraumatic removal.

Methods:

The surgeon performs a partial core vitrectomy and induces a posterior vitreous detachment. The vital dye is then injected into the retrohyaloid space in balanced salt solution (BSS). The dyes used are TWIN (Alchimia srl, Padova, Italy), MembraneBlue-Dual (DORC International, Zuidland, the Netherlands), and Doubledyne (Alfa Intes, Casoria, Italy). The surgeon can complete the vitrectomy and gradually aspirate the dye with the probe. Once the vitrectomy is complete, the surgeon can perform the peeling of the ERM without the need to reinject the vital dye over the macula.

Results:

The presence of the dye over the macula facilitates visualization of the vitreous cortex by blocking the red reflex and increasing the contrast power of the coaxial light probe during the vitrectomy. This allows a negative coloration of the vitreous because the dye acts by increasing the visibility of the surrounding BSS and not the vitreous itself.

Conclusions:

We describe a new chromovitrectomy technique using the same dye to increase the visualization of the vitreous, posterior hyaloid, ERM, and ILM.
Outcome of various Hydrophobic Acrylic Intraocular Lens Implantations in Children with Congenital Cataract
Authors: Sukhija Jaspreet , Kaur Savleen , Ram Jagat , Yangzes Sonam , Madan Siddharth , Jinagal Jitender
Published: April 2017

Purpose

To evaluate performance of different intraocular lenses (IOLs) after cataract surgery in children aged less than 2 years with regards to rates of visual axis opacification (VAO).

Methods

This was a retrospective chart review of children <2 years of age undergoing cataract surgery with primary posterior capsulotomy, anterior vitrectomy, and IOL over a period of 5 years with minimum follow-up of 1 year at a tertiary care institute. Children with microphthalmos, persistent fetal vasculature, traumatic cataract, aphakia, secondary IOLs, or any other coexisting ocular disease were excluded.

Results

A total of 257 eyes of 159 children were included in the study. The mean age at the time of surgery was 11.63 ± 7.916 months (range 6-23 months). A total of 29 eyes of 16 children underwent phacoaspiration with implantation of SA60 AT (AcrySof, Alcon, Fort Worth, TX); 75 eyes of 45 children received Hoya IOL (Hoya-PS AF-1 Series, Model PC-60AD, Hoya, Japan), 70 eyes of 46 patients received Sensar (Abbott Medical Optics Inc., Santa Ana, CA, USA), and 83 eyes of 52 children received MA60AC (AcrySof). At mean follow-up of 18.31 ± 15.04 months, 22.46% of the patients required resurgery for visual axis obscuration. By multiple regression analysis, the rate of visual axis obscuration was affected by the rate of perioperative complications (p = 0.001) and not affected by age (p = 0.98), type of IOL (p = 0.104), or site of IOL implantation (p = 0.603).

Conclusion

Our findings suggest comparable rates of VAO for children less than 2 years of age receiving different types of hydrophobic acrylic IOLs.
Identification of a Disease-Causing Mutation in a Chinese Patient with Retinitis Pigmentosa by Targeted Next-Generation Sequencing
Authors: Xiao Jianping , Guo Xueqin , Wang Yong , Shao Mingkun , Wei Xiaoming , Du Lique , Li Long , Sun Yan , Yang Yun
Published: April 2017

Purpose

To identify disease-causing mutations in a Chinese patient with retinitis pigmentosa (RP).

Methods

A detailed clinical examination was performed on the proband. Targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) combined with bioinformatics analysis was performed on the proband to detect candidate disease-causing mutations. Sanger sequencing was performed on all subjects to confirm the candidate mutations and assess cosegregation within the family.

Results

Clinical examinations of the proband showed typical characteristics of RP. Three candidate heterozygous mutations in 3 genes associated with RP were detected in the proband by targeted NGS. The 3 mutations were confirmed by Sanger sequencing and the deletion (c.357_358delAA) in PRPF31 was shown to cosegregate with RP phenotype in 7 affected family members, but not in 3 unaffected family members.

Conclusions

The deletion (c.357_358delAA) in PRPF31 was the disease-causing mutation for the proband and his affected family members with RP. To our knowledge, this is the second report of the deletion and the first report of the other 2 mutations in the Chinese population. Targeted NGS combined with bioinformatics analysis proved to be an effective molecular diagnostic tool for RP.
Left Ventricular Assist Pump Pocket Infection: Conservative Treatment Strategy for Destination Therapy Candidates
Authors: Haddad Elie , Lescure François-Xavier , Ghodhbane Walid , Lepage Laurent , D'Humieres Camille , Vindrios William , Yazdanpanah Yazdan , Nataf Patrick , Kirsch Matthias
Published: April 2017

Background

Heart failure is a major cause of mortality and morbidity, particularly among patients with advanced disease and no access to cardiac transplantation. LVAD implantation is not only a bridge-to-transplantation option for patients awaiting a heart donor, but is often used as bridge-to-destination therapy in patients unsuited for transplantation for various reasons. LVAD infection is considered the second-most common cause of death in patients who survive the initial 6 months on LVAD support. Few reports describe the indications for chronic suppressing antibiotic therapy, device exchange, methods for exchanging infected devices, post-exchange antimicrobial management status, and the outcomes of such patients.

Case presentation

This is the case of a 74-year-old male patient with numerous comorbidities who received urgent surgical management for severe heart failure with a HeartMate II. Six months later he developed an LVAD pump infection with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis, which was diagnosed with leucocyte scintigraphy. The patient received an omental graft over the LVAD and a chronic suppressive antibiotic regime. A marked leukocyte scintigraphy showed the infection's regression 6 months after the initiation of antibiotic treatment.

Discussion

We concisely reviewed the driveline infections and the main aspects of the LVAD pump infection. We reviewed options for conservative and nonconservative management and showed that conservative management of the LVAD pump infection is possible.

Conclusions

There are no defined recommendations for the management of LVAD pump infection. This case is among the few in the literature showing that conservative treatment of an LVAD pump infection is possible.
Turbulence Measurements in an Axial Rotary Blood Pump with Laser Doppler Velocimetry
Authors: Schüle Chan Y. , Affeld Klaus , Kossatz Max , Paschereit Christian O. , Kertzscher Ulrich
Published: April 2017

Background

The implantation of rotary blood pumps as ventricular assist devices (VADs) has become a viable therapy for quite a number of patients with end-stage heart failure. However, these rotary blood pumps cause adverse events that are related to blood trauma. It is currently believed that turbulence in the pump flow plays a significant role. But turbulence has not been measured to date because there is no optical access to the flow space in rotary blood pumps because of their opaque casings.

Methods

This difficulty is overcome with a scaled-up model of the HeartMate II (HM II) rotary blood pump with a transparent acrylic housing. A 2-component laser Doppler velocimetry (LDV) system was used for the measurement of time resolved velocity profiles and velocity spectra upstream and downstream of the rotor blades. Observing similarity laws, the speed and pump head were adjusted to correspond closely to the design point of the original pump – 10,600 rpm speed and 80 mmHg pressure head. A model fluid consisting of a water-glycerol mixture was used.

Results

The measured velocity spectra were scalable by the Kolmogorov length and the Kolmogorov length was estimated to be between 14 and 24 μm at original scale, thus being about 1.5 to 3 times the size of a red blood cell.

Conclusions

It can be concluded that turbulence is indeed present in the investigated blood pump and that it can be described by Kolmogorov's theory of turbulence. The size of the smallest vortices compares well to the turbulence length scales as found in prosthetic heart valves, for example.
Echocardiographic Outflow Pump Ramp Test in Centrifugal-Flow Left Ventricular Assist Device
Authors: lacovoni Attilio , Vittori Claudia , Fontana Alessandra , Carobbio Alessandra , Fino Carlo , D'Elia Emilia , Terzi Amedeo , Senni Michele
Published: April 2017

This study sought to develop a novel echocardiogram outflow ramp test to detect device malfunctions in centrifugal-flow left ventricular assist devices (LVADs). This new ramp pump test is based on the direct analyses of systolic and diastolic ratio (S/D) Doppler velocity in the outflow cannula in the HeartWare LVAD during progressive increases in speed. The results showed that in patients with normal pump function, the Doppler velocity S/D ratio gradually decreased during LVAD speed increases. This test is easily performed and seems promising to detect normal pump function in patients assisted by a centrifugal flow LVAD.
Pre-ECMO Coagulopathy does not Increase the Occurrence of Hemorrhage during Extracorporeal Support
Authors: Anton-Martin Pilar , Raman Lakshmi , Thatte Nikhil , Tweed Jefferson , Modem Vinai , Journeycake Janna
Published: April 2017

Introduction and methods

Observational retrospective cohort study to evaluate the association between precannulation coagulopathy and the occurrence of hemorrhage during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in neonatal and pediatric patients at a tertiary children's hospital.

Results

Of 241 patients supported with ECMO between January 2009 and December 2014, 175 (72.6%) had precannulation coagulation laboratory data and were included in the study. Of the eligible patients, 84 (48%) were identified as coagulopathic and 91 (52%) were noncoagulopathic. In the coagulopathic group, sepsis (27.3%) was the most common diagnosis leading to ECMO. Over half of the patients in both groups (55.9% of the coagulopathic and 52.7% of the noncoagulopathic group) developed hemorrhagic complications during ECMO support. The most frequent bleeding sites for both groups were the cannulation site (24%), the chest tube site (17%), and intracranial (10%). Pre-ECMO coagulopathy was not associated with higher incidence of hemorrhage during extracorporeal support (p = 0.76).

Conclusions

Pre-ECMO coagulopathy was frequent in our cohort but did not increase the occurrence of hemorrhage during extracorporeal support. Although the identification of factors associated with hemorrhage is key to safely managing ECMO anticoagulation, the implication of precannulation coagulopathy seems to be minimal.
Effect of Retreatment Instruments on Microcrack Formation: A Microcomputed Tomography Study
Authors: Koçak Mustafa M. , Çirakoğlu Neslihan Y. , Koçak Sibel , Sağlam Baran C. , Çiçek Ersan , Türker Sevinç A. , Bodrumlu Emre
Published: April 2017

Introduction

The purpose of this study was to compare the occurrence of microcracks in teeth prepared with different retreatment systems using microcomputed tomography (micro-CT).

Methods

Forty-two freshly extracted mandibular premolar teeth were used. The root canals were instrumented with stainless steel K-files to an apical size of 35/.02 using the balanced-force technique and were obturated using the passive compaction technique. The specimens were divided into 3 experimental groups according to retreatment system used (n = 14): ProTaper Universal retreatment (PTUR), Mtwo retreatment (MTR), or D-RaCe retreatment (D-RC) systems. Each specimen was scanned using a high-resolution micro-CT system before instrumentation, after obturation, and after the removal of the filling material. The images were evaluated, and the presence of microcracks was recorded.

Results

The PTUR system demonstrated the highest percentage, while MTR and D-RC retreatment systems resulted in similar numbers of microcracks.

Conclusions

Clinicians should be aware that all retreatment systems may cause microcracks.
Strategies to Preserve and Optimize Fertility for Patients with Endometriosis
Authors: Llarena Natalia , Flyckt Rebecca
Published: April 2017

Endometriosis is commonly associated with dysmenorrhea, chronic pelvic pain, and infertility. When medical therapy fails, surgery is often recommended; unfortunately, endometriosis surgery can adversely impact fertility and ovarian reserve in women desiring future childbearing. This review will focus on mechanisms of infertility in endometriosis patients as well as strategies for optimizing fertility in endometriosis patients when surgery is indicated. In addition, fertility preserving techniques such as oocyte and ovarian tissue cryopreservation as well as issues relevant to in vitro fertilization for patients with endometriosis are discussed.