bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estudio preliminar. Retrato biográfico de Emanuele Tesauro
Authors: Suárez Larios Sharon ,   Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México - Facultad de Filosofía y Letras
Published: July 2024

El padre Emanuele —personaje incidental de "L’isola del giorno prima"— habla con muchas mayúsculas, es cercano al duque de Saboya, entusiasta y siempre presto a compartir las virtudes de su “Macchina aristotelica”, que le permite ofrecer —a él y a cualquier “Gentil huomo”— una interminable lista de definiciones para todo tipo de ser, animado o no. Propio de la pluma de Umberto Eco, éste es sucintamente el retrato más reciente del conde y caballero de la Gran Cruz, Emanuele Tesauro, patricio turinés, predicador prestigioso y leal vasallo de la familia Saboya-Carignano hasta el último de sus días. Un año antes de su muerte, vio publicados la edición final de los "Campeggiamenti" y el tratado recuperado del olvido por el caballero Luigi Francesco Morozzo, "L’arte delle lettere missive". A la par de estos partos de erudición, Tesauro trabajaba junto a Giovanni Pietro Giroldi en la "Istoria dell’augusta città di Torino" —publicada en 1679— en su habitación del Palazzo Vecchi —hoy Palazzo Carignano—. Aquí, el 26 de febrero de 1675, la muerte reclamó para sí uno de los ingenios más grandes de la época, cuyos restos —siguiendo sus deseos— fueron trasladados a la capilla familiar en Fossano, junto a la iglesia de san Francisco. El padre, predicador, preceptor y leal servidor de la Casa de Saboya, Emanuele Tesauro, regresó por última vez a casa, dejando al mundo una rica y conceptuosa herencia en sus escritos, donde su ingenio agudo pervive.
Vaccination for COVID-19 in patients with multiple sclerosis: sociodemographic aspects, safety and associated psychological factors
Authors: Lopes Pedro Luiz , Costa Francisco Bruno Santana da , Braga Neto Pedro , Sobreira Neto Manoel Alves , Dutra Júnior Avelino Missialdes , Nóbrega Paulo Ribeiro
Published: July 2024

Objectives: To describe clinical-sociodemographic characteristics of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) vaccinated against COVID-19, evaluating clinical worsening after vaccination and factors associated with vaccine refusal. Methods: This is a cross-sectional observational study with application of a structured form in patients with MS from Hospital Universitário Walter Cantídio addressing clinical, sociodemographic and psychological factors related to vaccination against COVID-19. Data were tabulated and described using means with standard deviation and frequency/proportion. Statistical analysis was performed adopting statistical significance of 5%. Results: Fifty-one patients (76.4% women) were evaluated, mean age 43.3 years (18-72). Of these, 29 (57%) had mild side effects and 7 had COVID-19 after vaccination. There was no significant increase in the annualized rate of relapses or expanded disability status scale. Twelve patients reported fear regarding vaccination, with intentional delay in 5 patients. The main sources of fear mentioned were social networks, television and friends/family. Conclusions: In this study, vaccination for COVID-19 in patients with multiple sclerosis proved to be safe, not leading to relapses or functional worsening after vaccination. The fear of vaccinating led to delay in some patients, and social networks were the main source of fear.
Extended state observer-based fault-tolerant control for an unmanned surface vehicle under asynchronous injection and deception attacks
Authors: Wang Haiwen , Liu Chun , Huang Xiao , Zhong Yuxuan , Qu Dong , Patton Ron J.
Published: July 2024

This paper explores the problem of fault-tolerant control concerning an underactuated unmanned surface vehicle affected by actuator faults and disturbances in the physical layer and multiple cyber threats (time-varying delays, injection attacks, and deception attacks) in the networked layer. Firstly, an extended state observer is designed to estimate the relative state and fault information by constructing the estimation error term based on the output information affected by injection attack and delay. Secondly, a novel fault-tolerant controller is designed to deal with random Bernoulli deception attacks and compensate for time-varying delay and actuator faults by using the estimated information and considering the probability dynamics of deception attacks. Assuming that dual-channel asynchronous independent injection and deception attacks occur on the sensor-to-observer and observer-to-controller channels. A sufficient condition for asymptotic stability of the unmanned surface vehicle is derived by using Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional within the co-design framework of fault estimation and fault-tolerant control, and ensured by eliminating the equality constraint. Finally, the efficacy of the proposed algorithm is assessed through simulations of the unmanned surface vehicle under two distinct scenarios: low forward speed and high forward speed.
Optimasi Pencahayaan Alami pada Masjid Konsep Terbuka di Samarinda
Authors: Hakim Bhanu Rizfa , Asvitasari Ayu , Pangasih Feliksdinata
Published: July 2024

The mosque serves as a place of worship for the Muslim community and is imperative to possess an optimal level of comfort. Mosque design has evolved not only in terms of functionality but also in considering the comfort level through the utilization of natural lighting. The utilization of Natural Lighting emerges as a significant choice, particularly for mosques with expansive areas, facilitating energy conservation. Challenges in implementing natural lighting in mosque design, especially in open concepts, include temperature rise and glare effects that may disrupt worship comfort. Research methodology involves measuring the incoming light values using a lux meter and conducting thermal envelope measurements using a thermal camera (FLIR) within the spaces of the open-concept mosque, followed by simulation to devise a design for sunshade fins. The design of sunshade fins aids in temperature reduction while maintaining natural light penetration and mitigating glare issues in open-concept mosques.
Komparasi Ruang Domestik pada Rumah Tradisional di Desa Gubugklakah Malang dan Desa Sidatapa Buleleng
Authors: Candrakirana Gracella Renia , Siwalatri Ni Ketut Ayu , Wibowo Antonius Karel Mukti
Published: July 2024

The cultural diversity of Indonesia affects the spatial layout and functioning of spaces in residential areas because domestic spaces, which are a room   of basic residential activities, are formed from the activities of residents and local beliefs. This research aims to compare domestic spaces in the traditional houses of Gubugklakah Village, Malang, and Sidatapa Village, Buleleng, using comparative qualitative methods through observations, interviews, and documentation studies. The research results show differences where in Gubugklakah Village, the kitchen is positioned at the back of the building, emphasizing its function as a private working area for women. Meanwhile, in Sidatapa Village, the kitchen is placed in the middle of the building with attention to creating a different spatial hierarchy.
Распространение вариантов вируса SARS-COV-2, вызывающих интерес (VOI) и находящихся под наблюдением (VUM), на основе количества их геномов, депонированных в базу данных GISAID за неделю с 20 по 26 июля 2024 г.
Authors: Чумачкова Елена , Дмитриева Людмила , Краснов Ярослав , Осина Наталия , Зимирова Анастасия , Иванова Александра , Карнаухов Игорь , Караваева Татьяна , Щербакова Светлана , Кутырев Владимир
Published: July 2024

В обзоре представлена информация по циркулирующим в настоящее время вариантам вируса SARS-COV-2 Omicron вызывающих интерес (VOI) и находящихся под наблюдением (VUM), геномные последовательности которых размещены в международной базе данных GISAID за неделю с 20 по 26 июля 2024 г.
Cholesterol-lowering effects of oats induced by microbially produced phenolic metabolites
Authors: Simon Marie-Christine , Klümpen Linda , Mantri Aakash , Philipps Maren , Seel Waldemar , Stoffel-Wagner Birgit , Coenen Martin , Weinhold Leonie , Hasenauer Jan , Stehle Peter
Published: July 2024

Oats have various positive effects on human health, but the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. To identify oat-microbiome-host interactions that contribute to metabolic improvements, we conducted two randomized controlled dietary interventions in individuals with metabolic syndrome, comparing a short-term, high-dose and a six-week, moderate oat intake with respective controls (DRKS00022169). While the moderate oat-diet leads to slight changes in metabolism, gut microbiota and metabolomic profiles, the high-dose oat-diet decreases total cholesterol on average by 8% and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol by 10%, accompanied by distinct changes in metabolomic profiles and gut microbiota. Particularly, the increase in microbially produced phenolic compounds is associated with improved lipid metabolism, suggesting that these compounds are driving factors for the cholesterol-lowering effect of oats, besides the known mechanisms of β-glucan. This newly identified mechanism might be of great potential since a short-term, high-dose oat diet is a suitable and rapid approach to alleviate obesity-related lipid disorders.
A Precise Time-Depth Conversion Method for Coal Seam Based on Machine Learning and Seismic Velocity Inversion
Authors: Yu Hang , Wang Haibo , Wu Leibing , Chen Tongjun
Published: July 2024

Time-depth conversion is a crucial step in 3D seismic interpretation of coalfields. Fast and accurate time-depth conversion is essential for ensuring safe and efficient coal production. However, conventional methods often struggle to balance accuracy with convenience, which makes it difficult to achieve good application results in the coalfield. To address this problem, we proposed a new coal seam time-depth conversion method based on machine learning and seismic velocity inversion. Firstly, a high-precision time-domain layer of the coal seam floor was obtained. Subsequently, the average velocity of the coal seam floor was calculated from boreholes. Following this, post-stack seismic inversion was performed to obtain velocity volumes, and the velocity volumes were subjected to median filtering. Next, machine learning models were trained using the average velocity of the coal seam floor extracted from inverted velocity volume, the average velocity of the coal seam floor calculated and interpolated by control boreholes, and two-way travel times (TWTs) of the coal seam floor as inputs, with actual coal seam floor elevations as the outputs. Finally, different machine learning methods and conventional methods were compared and analyzed for time-depth conversion in coalfield. The results indicate that the Bayesian-SVR model achieved the highest accuracy in time-depth conversion, with a maximum absolute error of only 1.11 meters and a mean absolute error of 0.53 meters at verification boreholes. In summary, this study introduces a machine learning-based coal seam time-depth conversion method that does not require complex velocity models, enhancing efficiency while maintaining high accuracy, which holds significant importance for advancing intelligent coal mining and achieving transparent working faces.
Tissue-specific transcriptomic analysis reveals the meolecular mechanisms responsive to cold stress in Poa crymophila, and development of EST-SSR markers linked to cold tolerance candidate genes
Authors: Tang Liuban , Zheng Yuying , Lu Huanhuan , Qiu Yongsen , Wang Huizhi , Liao Haoqin , Xie Wengang
Published: July 2024

Background Poa crymophila is a perennial, cold-tolerant, native grass species, widely distributed in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. However, the molecular mechanism behind the cold stress tolerance and the role of key regulatory genes and pathways of P. crymophila are poorly understood as of. Therefore, in this study, based on the screening and evaluation of cold resistance of four Poa species, the cold resistance mechanism of P. crymophila’s roots, stems, and leaves and its cold resistance candidate genes were investigated through physiological and transcriptomic analyses.
Results Results of the present study suggested that the cold resistance of the four Poa species was in the following order: P. crymophila > P. botryoides > P. pratensis var. anceps > P. pratensis. Cold stress significantly changed the physiological characteristics of roots, stems, and leaves of P. crymophila in this study. In addition, the transcriptome results showed that 4434, 8793, and 14942 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in roots, stems, and leaves, respectively; however, 464 DEGs were commonly identified in these three tissues. KEGG enrichment analysis showed that these DEGs were mainly enriched in the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway (roots), photosynthesis pathway (stems and leaves), circadian rhythm-plant pathway (stems and leaves), starch and sucrose metabolism pathway (roots, stems, and leaves), and galactose metabolism pathway (roots, stems, and leaves). A total of 392 candidate genes involved in Ca2+ signaling, ROS scavenging system, hormones, circadian clock, photosynthesis, and transcription factors (TFs) were identified in P. crymophila. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) identified nine hub genes that may be involved in P. crymophila cold response. A total of 200 candidate gene-based EST-SSRs were developed and characterized. Twenty-nine polymorphic EST-SSRs primers were finally used to study genetic diversity of 40 individuals from four Poa species with different cold resistance characteristics. UPGMA cluster and STRUCTURE analysis showed that the 40 Poa individuals were clustered into three major groups, individual plant with similar cold resistance tended to group together. Notably, markers P37 (PcGA2ox3) and P148 (PcERF013) could distinguish P. crymophila from P. pratensis var. anceps, P. pratensis, and P. botryoides.
Conclusions This study provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the cold tolerance of P. crymophila, and also lays a foundation for molecular marker-assisted selection for cold tolerance improvement in Poa species.
Experimental Research on Enhancing Effectiveness in Teaching the Nature of Seasons
Authors: Semercioğlu Melike Güzin , Kalkan Hüseyin
Published: July 2024

In recent years, studies by education researchers indicate that, despite various instructional methods to enhance the conceptual understanding of seasons, the reasons for the formation of seasons and the processes involved are still not fully grasped. This research aims to investigate the fundamental reasons for the difficulties in comprehending the formation of seasons and to develop possible solutions. To achieve this goal, a physical model based on the "Change in the Amount of Energy Falling onto a Unit Surface (CAEFUS)" of parallel beams of sunlight as Earth orbits around the Sun with a tilted axis of approximately 23.5 degrees was developed and applied to participants, and data were collected. These instructional processes were applied to experimental and control groups. The research was conducted on 148 eighth-grade students in a state school in Samsun province. Exploratory factor analysis was used to analyze students' drawings and separate them into their most prominent elements. The quantitative data analysis, consisting of multiple-choice questions, utilized the SPSS 22.0 statistical program. The data analysis revealed that the CAEFUS-based model significantly impacted the meaningful teaching of the nature of seasons. These results were thoroughly evaluated through a detailed comparison with the literature.
Anti-capsule human monoclonal antibodies protect against hypervirulent and pandrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae
Authors: Kabanova Anna , Roscioli Emanuele , Fonseca Vittoria Zucconi Galli , Bosch Soraya , Paciello Ida , Maccari Giuseppe , Batani Giampiero , Stazzoni Samuele , Cardinali Giulia , Tiseo Giusy , Giordano Cesira , Yuwei Shen , Capoccia Laura , Cardamone Dario , Ridelfi Matteo , Troisi Marco , Manganaro Noemi , Mugnaini Chiara , De Santi Concetta , Ciabattini Annalisa , Cerofolini Linda , Fragai Marco , Licastro Danilo , Nicolau David , Abdelraouf Kamilia , Barnini Simona , Menichetti Francesco , Falcone Marco , Sala Claudia , Rappuoli Rino
Published: July 2024

The silent pandemic caused by antimicrobial resistance (AMR) requires innovative therapeutic approaches. Human monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), which are among the most transformative, safe and effective drugs in oncology and autoimmunity, are rarely used for infectious diseases and not yet used for AMR. Here we applied an antigen-agnostic strategy to isolate extremely potent human mAbs against Klebsiella pneumoniae (Kp) sequence type 147 (ST147), a hypervirulent and pandrug-resistant clonotype which is spreading globally. Isolated mAbs target the bacterial capsule and the O-antigen. Surprisingly, although both capsule- and O-antigen-specific mAbs displayed bactericidal activity in the picomolar range in vitro, only the capsule-specific mAbs were protective against fulminant ST147 bloodstream infection. Protection correlated with in vitro bacterial uptake by macrophages and enchained bacterial growth. Our study describes the only therapeutic able to protect against pandrug-resistant Kp and provides a strategy to isolate mAbs and identify correlates of protection against AMR bacteria.
Solar cell parameters extraction, with less than 10 % error, refining the Co-Content function through an integration of a polynomial fit of I-Isc, in the case of constant percentage noise, and a percentage noise of the maximum current, Imax. Part 1: theoretical analysis and proposal
Authors: Rangel-Kuoppa Victor-Tapio
Published: July 2024

In this Part 1 article of this series of articles, a new methodology to refine the Co-Content function \(\left(CC\left(V,I\right)\right)\) is proposed, consisting on fitting the current minus the short-circuit current \((I-{I}_{sc})\), to an \(N-1\) order polynomial, where \({N}_{points}=N\), is the number of measured current-voltage \(\left(IV\right)\) points, and integrating it to calculate \(CC\left(V,I\right)\). The shunt resistance \(\left({R}_{sh}\right)\), the series resistance \(\left({R}_{s}\right)\), the ideality factor \(\left(n\right)\), the light current \(\left({I}_{lig}\right)\), and the saturation current \(\left({I}_{sat}\right)\), are then deduced, in the case of a constant percentage noise or a percentage noise of the maximum current \(\left({I}_{max}\right)\). In the former case, \({R}_{s}\), \({R}_{sh}, n, \text{a}\text{n}\text{d} {I}_{lig},\) can be deduced with less than 10% error, using only \({P}_{V}=\)51 \(\frac{number of points}{V}\), even if the noise is as large as \({p}_{n}=0.1 \text{\%}\), with a computation time around 80 ms. \({I}_{sat}\) needs \({p}_{n}=0.05 \text{\%}\) or less, and \({P}_{V}\) equal or larger than 501 \(\frac{number of points}{V}\). For the latter case, \({R}_{s}\), \(\text{a}\text{n}\text{d} {I}_{lig},\) can be obtained with less than 10% error, using only \({P}_{V}=\)251 \(\frac{number of points}{V}\), and \({p}_{n}=0.1 \text{\%}\), or smaller, with total computation time around 49 s. \({R}_{sh}, {I}_{sat}, \text{a}\text{n}\text{d} n\) needs that \({p}_{n}\le 0.05 \text{\%}\), and \({P}_{V}=\) 751 \(\frac{number of points}{V}\) or larger. A computation time expression of the form \(time=E{{N}_{points}}^{m}\), is deduced. The methodology proposed in this article is appliable to unevenly/randomly distributed IV data points, and it is implemented in Part 2 in solar cells’ and photovoltaic modules’ experimental \(IV\) reported in the literature, to deduce their five solar cell parameters.
Solar cell parameters extraction, with less than 10 % error, refining the Co-Content function through an integration of a polynomial fit of I-Isc, in the case of constant percentage noise, and a percentage noise of the maximum current, Imax. Part 2: application to experimental current-voltage curves
Authors: Rangel-Kuoppa Victor-Tapio
Published: July 2024

In this article Part 2 of this series of articles, the methodology proposed in Part 1, namely, the fitting to a polynomial of the current minus the short-circuit current, i.e., \(I-{I}_{sc}\), to calculate the Co-Content function \(\left(CC\left(V,I\right)\right)\) and extract the five solar cell parameters, i.e., the shunt resistance \(\left({R}_{sh}\right)\), the series resistance \(\left({R}_{s}\right)\), the ideality factor \(\left(n\right)\), the light current \(\left({I}_{lig}\right)\), and the saturation current \(\left({I}_{sat}\right)\), (within the one-diode solar cell model), is implemented on reported Current-Voltage (IV) curves found in the literature, both for laboratory made solar cells, as for and single-crystalline silicon (x-Si), multi-crystalline silicon (m-Si), cadmium telluride (CdTe), copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS), amorphous silicon (a-Si) tandem and triple-junction, amorphous silicon/crystalline silicon, heterojunction with intrinsic thin-layer (HIT), and amorphous silicon/microcrystalline silicon photovoltaic modules.
Reduced Fertility Rate in Female with Crohn's Disease: A Population-Based Cohort Study in China
Authors: Peng Xiang , Xu Zhaoyuan , Wei Ming , Zhang Min , Deng Jun , Yao Jia-yin , Shi Li-Shuo , Zhi Min
Published: July 2024

Backgroud:
This study aims to clarify the uncertain impact of Crohn’s disease on fertility among Chinese female by comparing their fertility rates with those of the general female population.
Methods
From January 2012 to December 2022, Crohn’s disease patients at Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University were identified through hospital records. Female patients aged 15 to 44 were included. Demographic and fertility data were collected through structured questionnaires. Comparative data for the general population aged 15 to 44 were obtained from the National Bureau of Statistics of China. Age-adjusted overall fertility rate and adjusted fertility rate ratio (AFRR) were calculated using poisson regression, along with fertility rate ratios for 5-year age groups stratified by disease onset, surgery, and perianal disease.
Results
A total of 564 valid questionnaires were collected. The overall fertility rate among females with Crohn’s disease was 43.41 live births per 1000 person-years (95%CI [39.30-48.11.]), significantly lower than the general population(52.80, 95%CI[52.72–52.97], AFRR 0.82, p < 0.001). Pre-onset rates showed no significant difference, but there was a significantly decline post-onset(35.84, 95%CI[30.32–42.31], AFRR 0.55, 95%CI[0.46–0.65], p < 0.001). Fertility rates decreased in patients aged 20 to 29 post-onset. Those who underwent bowel surgery had reduced fertility rates post-surgery(31.44, 95%CI[21.05–92.49] vs 49.92, 95% CI [45.35–54.91], AFRR 0.63, 95% CI [0.45–0.89], p = 0.008). Patients with perianal disease was 47% of that of the general population (25.05, 95% CI [8.94–40.97] vs. 48.61, 95% CI [43.57–52.97], AFRR 0.47, 95% CI [0.43–0.52], p < 0.001).
Conclusion
Female Crohn's disease patients show lower fertility rates than the general population, particularly among those aged 20–29 age post-disease onset, with further reductions after surgery and perianal disease.
Evaluating the link between chromosomal abnormalities and diminished ovarian reserve, mode of conception, and history of prior miscarriages in cases of early missed abortion using CNV-seq
Authors: Huang Shuhui , Chen Xiaoqing , Liu Danping , Yuan Huizheng , Zou Yongyi , Zeng Baitao , Bai Guiqin
Published: July 2024

Objective: This study was developed as a retrospective analysis of the rates of embryonic chromosomal abnormalities in cases of missed miscarriages during early pregnancy, with a focus on identifying associated factors as a means of clarifying the genetic basis for missed miscarriages and how this pregnancy outcome relates to a variety of clinical and demographic characteristics.
Methods: The present study enrolled 1490 patients who had been diagnosed with missed miscarriage and underwent CNV-seq testing at the Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital from January 2020 through December 2022. Medical records were accessed to obtain clinical data pertaining to these miscarriage cases, and the results of chromosomal abnormality testing were analyzed.
Results: Chromosomal abnormalities were detected in 63.76% of all missed miscarriages, and included instances of autosomal trisomy (68.38%), triploidy/polyploidy (11.68%), 45XO (10.84%), CNVs (8.84%), double/multiple trisomy (4.32%), sex chromosome trisomy/polyploidy (0.32%), and complex abnormalities (2.95%). An examination of the relationship between these chromosomal abnormalities and clinical characteristics revealed that chromosomal abnormality incidence rates were significantly related to maternal age, mode of conception, AMH levels, and the presence or absence of an embryonic/fetal heartbeat. Advanced maternal age, mode of conception, and lower AMH levels were associated with a greater risk of embryonic chromosomal abnormalities. Specifically, the rates of autosomal trisomy gradually rose with maternal age (P<0.05), whereas 45XO, CNVs, and triploidy/polyploidy detection rates declined with age (P<0.05). Declining ovarian reserve function was associated with higher rates of karyotypic abnormalities (P<0.05). Higher rates of karyotypic abnormalities were also evident in the natural conception (NC) group, as were rates of CNVs and trisomy/polyploidy (P < 0.01), whereas higher rates of autosomal trisomy were detected in the assisted reproductive technology (ART) group. No relationship between a history of spontaneous miscarriages and the incidence of embryonic chromosomal abnormalities was detected.
Conclusion: Embryonic chromosomal abnormalities are the leading cause of early missed miscarriages. The present results indicate that advanced maternal age, declining ovarian reserve function, and mode of conception can all increase the risk of these chromosomal abnormalities. Age and the presence of a fetal/embryonic heartbeat may be related to the incidence of different types of chromosomal abnormalities, while a history of prior missed miscarriages is not related to the odds of embryonic chromosomal abnormalities.
Strategies for mitigating cancer fatalism among individuals with a cancer family history through social media activities
Authors: Ao Song , Wu Yifang , Zhao Xinshu
Published: July 2024

Background
People with a cancer family history are among those who experience severe cancer fatalism and are more likely to seek cancer-related information on social media. However, the spread of health misinformation on social media negativly impacts people's attitudes towards healthy behaviors and triggers negative emotional responses. Few studies have specifically examined how online cancer information influences cancer fatalistic attitudes in this context. This study aims to investigate strategies for reducing cancer fatalism when people with a cancer family history engage in social media activities.
Methods
The Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS) in 2022 was conducted to create an integrated model for reducing cancer fatalism through four social media activities (i.e., visiting social media sites, sharing health-related information, online discussion and watching health-related videos) among people with a cancer family history (N = 3708).
Results
Confidence in online information seeking and barriers to cancer information seeking were found to be significant mediators between social media activities and cancer fatalism. Specifically, engaging in visiting social media sites, sharing health-related information and watching health-related videos may reduce cancer fatalism by increasing confidence in online information seeking. Increased confidence in searching abilities would help them overcome barriers, mitigating their cancer fatalism. However, no matter how much misinformation people are exposed to, engaging in these activities has a weak effect on cancer fatalism. We also found that there is no significant direct or indirect link between online discussions and cancer fatalism.
Conclusion
This study found that social media activities have a positive effect on cancer fatalism. It offered advice to people with a cancer family history on how to reduce cancer fatalism while maintaining positive cancer prevention beliefs. People with a cancer family history could be encouraged to challenge negative health beliefs and promote health-prevention behaviours.
Factors associated with complications among deep neck infection in the community-based hospital in Thailand
Authors: Pinsai Subencha , Keeratitadapong Wuttipat , Trakarnchansiri Jiraporn
Published: July 2024

Background
Deep neck infections (DNIs) are medical emergencies that can result in severe complications and even death. Prompt and accurate diagnosis, coupled with appropriate management, can mitigate the severity of these infections.
Methods
We conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients over 15 years old diagnosed with DNIs at a community-based hospital in Thailand from January 2017 to December 2021. The study aimed to evaluate the epidemiology, clinical features, and risk factors associated with complications in patients diagnosed with DNIs.
Results
A total of 226 patients were included, with 135 (59.7%) males and a median age of 39.5 years (IQR 29–58). Comorbidities were present in 87 patients (38.5%), with hypertension (20.4%) and diabetes mellitus (19.0%) being the most common. Odontogenic infections were the leading cause of DNIs (54.9%), and the primary presenting symptoms were neck pain and swelling (67.7%). The buccal space was the most frequent infection site (22.6%), followed by the peritonsillar space (20.4%) and the submandibular space (19.9%). Klebsiella pneumoniae was the most identified pathogen (20%), followed by Staphylococcus spp. and Viridans streptococcus (each 6.2%). Among the patients, 44.6% underwent incision and drainage, 12.4% underwent simple aspiration, and 42.9% received conservative treatment with intravenous antibiotics. Complications were observed in 16.4% of the patients, with airway obstruction being the most common (7.1%), followed by sepsis (4.9%). Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed significant risk factors for complications: involvement of the parapharyngeal space (odds ratio 43.3, p = 0.006), multiple space involvement (odds ratio 7.98, p < 0.001), and involvement of the submental space (odds ratio 5.5, p = 0.017). Additionally, presenting symptoms such as fever (odds ratio 6.1, p = 0.008), anemia (odds ratio 37.4, p = 0.024), and neck pain and swelling (odds ratio 0.2, p = 0.045) were associated with higher complication rates.
Conclusions
Odontogenic infections are the most common cause of DNIs. Complications are significantly associated with infections involving the parapharyngeal, submental, and multiple spaces. Early diagnosis and prompt management, especially in patients with identified risk factors, are crucial in reducing life-threatening complications.
The relationship of the HbA1c/ApoA-1 ratio with short- term prognosis in patients with STEMI following PCI: a retrospective study
Authors: Li Dani , Sun Yuyu , Han Jie , Guo Chen , Xia Linying , Jiang Wei , Wei Jin
Published: July 2024

The ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients tend to experience cardiovascular events following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), and the prognosis remains suboptimal. The objective of this investigation was to examine the correlation between the ratio of glycosylated hemoglobin A1c/Apolipoprotein A1 (HbA1c/ApoA-1) and the short-term prognosis in STEMI patients following PCI. This study conducted a retrospective analysis of the clinical data of 182 patients diagnosed with STEMI following PCI and admitted to our hospital between January 2022 and June 2023. The patients were categorized into two groups based on the occurrence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs), and a comparative analysis of baseline characteristics was performed. The significant correlation between HbA1c/ApoA-1 with short-term MACEs in STEMI patients post-PCI were determined through univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis. Different models and Subgroup analysis demonstrated that HbA1c/ApoA-1 was independent risk factor for MACEs in STEMI patients post-PCI and exhibited high stability. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and area under curve (AUC) value were utilized to validate the predictive value of HbA1c/ApoA-1 in forecasting outcomes among STEMI patients post-PCI, with an AUC of 0.752 (95% CI: 0.68–0.86), sensitivity of 85.7%, and specificity of 56.8%. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) was employed to evaluate the potential non-linear relationship between HbA1c/ApoA-1 levels and MACEs in STEMI patients post-PCI. Our results demonstrated high and significant correlation between HbA1c/ApoA-1 and short-term prognosis, and indicated that HbA1c/ApoA-1 was independent risk factor for MACEs in STEMI patients following PCI and possessed significant predictive value, facilitating the early identification of high-risk cohorts and the anticipation of MACEs.
Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in the treatment of critical Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in a child with Langerhans cell histiocytosis: a case report and literature review
Authors: Zou Zhuan , Zhao Wanlin , Chen Yulin , Liu Zhongqiang , He Guoqian , Zhang Haiyang
Published: July 2024

Background: Children with Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) are particularly susceptible to infections such as Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP) due to the immunosuppressive effects of chemotherapy, which can progress to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and respiratory failure. The use of Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) to manage hypoxemia secondary to PJP in LCH presents unique challenges, including the prevention of catheter-related bloodstream infections associated with arterial and venous access. This study explores a case wherein ECMO was crucial in treating severe PJP-induced respiratory failure in a pediatric patient with LCH.
Case Presentation: A 3-year-old female with a history of LCH, undergoing long-term chemotherapy and corticosteroid treatment, was admitted with fever, dyspnea, and lethargy. Metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid confirmed Pneumocystis jirovecii (PJ). Despite aggressive management with invasive high-frequency ventilation, inhaled nitric oxide, and prone positioning, the patient’s oxygenation remained critically low, with severe hypercapnia and resultant severe respiratory acidosis, necessitating vasopressor support for hemodynamic stability and veno-arterial (V-A) ECMO intervention. Early initiation of V-A ECMO facilitated ultraprotective lung ventilation and circulatory support, effectively preventing hemodynamic collapse. The patient was successfully decannulated after 13 days of ECMO support.
Conclusion: While PJP is a rare and extremely serious opportunistic infection, the V-A ECMO support in this pediatric case effectively managed severe PJP without ECMO-related complications, underscoring the efficacy and safety of V-A ECMO in treating severe PJP pneumonia in pediatric patients.
Investigation of frequency dependence of bioimpedance capacitance in patients with breast cancer-related lymphedema
Authors: Niwa Shiori , Imai Kuniharu , Mawaki Ayana , Nakanishi Keisuke , Hisano Fumiya , Tsukioka Kako , Kikumori Toyone , Fujimoto Etsuko , Oshima Chika
Published: July 2024

Bioimpedance analysis is a noninvasive, low cost intervention for the early diagnosis and evaluation of breast cancer-related lymphedema (BRCL). This study investigated the frequency dependence of capacitance, a marker of disease progression, in 27 patients with BRCL. Capacitance of the affected and unaffected sides of upper limbs was calculated from XC values obtained at several frequencies (5, 50, and 250 kHz). At all frequencies, there was a significant difference in capacitance between the affected and unaffected sides; however, this difference was most pronounced at 5 kHz. The Weibull plot of capacitance at 5 kHz showed linear distributions on the affected and unaffected sides with Pearson’s correlation coefficients of 0.97 and 0.98, respectively. Furthermore, the shape parameter obtained from the slope of the fitting line of the Weibull plot was α = 3.90 for the unaffected side, which is approximated by a Gaussian distribution. The capacitance on the affected side was also on the fitting line of the Weibull plot, and the shape parameter of the Weibull distribution was approximately 2 (α = 2.04). The capacitance on the affected side was statistically characterized by a Rayleigh distribution. The capacitance distribution in the upper extremity of patients with lymphedema changed from Gaussian to Rayleigh as lymphedema progressed.
Course Quality Evaluation of Higher Integrated Distance Education Based on Group Decision-making Algorithm
Authors: Wang Wei , Wang Zhichao , Wang Jianfei
Published: July 2024

Higher integrated distance education courses involve an educational process where students with and without disabilities learn together. The course quality evaluation methods of these courses require indicators that fully consider the conditions of different students. Due to the significant differences among students, the methods primarily based on the superposition of personal evaluations cannot be applied to these two special student groups. It leads to a lack of consensus and balance in the course quality evaluation and lower quality and accuracy in decision-making. To solve this problem, this paper proposes a group decision-making algorithm for the quality evaluation of higher integrated distance education courses. In a large, differentiated student group, the decision-making results are formed by collecting, integrating, and weighing group members' opinions, knowledge, experience, and other information. Firstly, the algorithm proposed uses the K-means algorithm to cluster and collect the learning behavior data of students into predefined K clusters based on feature similarity. Secondly, this algorithm constructs course quality evaluation indicators from multiple perspectives under the support of multiple evaluation principles. Finally, this algorithm brings together the personal preferences of each decision-maker into a collective preference, allowing these decision-makers to rank the decision-making algorithm by their preference in this paper. Students are regarded as decision-makers, the higher integrated education courses are regarded as decision-making options, the learning behaviors and preferences of students are regarded as attribute decision variables. Thus, the quality evaluation of higher integrated distance education courses can be regarded as a group decision-making process according to the problem description above. This process makes decisions through iterative optimization. Experimental results show that this algorithm performs excellently in the metrics consistency ratio and comprehensive score and has practical application value.
Hemin-Induced Transient Senescence via DNA Damage Response as Potential Neuroprotective Mechanism during Brain Hemorrhage
Authors: Hegde Muralidhar , Rao Vikas , Vasquez Velmarini , Kodavati Manohar , Mitra Joy , Provasek Vincent , Vo Anh , Kent Thomas Andrew , Derry Paul , Mikheve Andrei , Rostomily Robert , Horner Philip , Tour James , Britz Gavin , Liopo Anton
Published: July 2024

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) poses acute fatality and long-term neurological risks due to hemin and iron accumulation from hemoglobin breakdown. Our observation that hemin induces DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), prompting a senescence-like phenotype in neurons, necessitating deeper exploration of cellular responses. Using experimental ICH models and human ICH patient tissue, we elucidate hemin-mediated DNA damage response (DDR) inducing transient senescence and delayed expression of heme oxygenase (HO-1). HO-1 co-localizes with senescence-associated β-Galactosidase (SA-β-Gal) in ICH patient tissues, emphasizing clinical relevance of inducible HO-1 expression in senescent cells. We reveal a reversible senescence state protective against acute cell death by hemin, while repeat exposure leads to long-lasting senescence. Inhibiting early senescence expression increases cell death, supporting the protective role of senescence against hemin toxicity. Hemin-induced senescence is attenuated by a pleiotropic carbon nanoparticle that is a catalytic mimic of superoxide dismutase, but this treatment increased lipid peroxidation, consistent with ferroptosis from hemin breakdown released iron. When coupled with iron chelator deferoxamine (DEF), the nanoparticle reduces hemin-induced senescence and upregulates factors protecting against ferroptosis. Our study suggests transient senescence induced by DDR as an early potential neuroprotective mechanism in ICH, but the risk or iron-related toxicity supports a multi-pronged therapeutic approach.
Evaluating Privacy Compliance in Commercial Large Language Models - ChatGPT, Claude, and Gemini
Authors: Cartwright Oliver , Dunbar Harriet , Radcliffe Theo
Published: July 2024

The integration of artificial intelligence systems into various domains has raised significant privacy concerns, necessitating stringent regulatory measures to protect user data. Evaluating the privacy compliance of commercial large language models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT-4o, Claude Sonet, and Gemini Flash under the EU AI Act presents a novel approach, providing critical insights into their adherence to privacy standards. The study utilized hypothetical case studies to assess the privacy practices of these LLMs, focusing on data collection, storage, and sharing mechanisms. Findings revealed that ChatGPT-4o exhibited significant issues with data minimization and access control, while Claude Sonet demonstrated robust compliance with data minimization and effective data security measures. However, Gemini Flash showed inconsistencies in data collection and a higher incidence of anonymization failures. The comparative analysis underscored the importance of tailored privacy strategies and continuous monitoring to ensure regulatory compliance. These results provide valuable insights for developers and policymakers, emphasizing the necessity of a multifaceted approach to privacy compliance in the deployment of LLMs.
Phylogenetic diversity of the rhizobial nodulating symbionts associated to the introduced Vachellia karroo (Hayne) Banfi and Galasso (Fabaceae) in Algeria
Authors: Amina Bouherama , Samir Djouadi , Thinhinan Khedim , Said Amrani
Published: July 2024

The diversity of rhizobia associated with the introduced woody legume flora of Algeria were rarely investigated despite their widespread distribution and agroecological and economic importance. The current research attempted to fill this knowledge gap by identifying the rhizobia species associated with Vachellia karoo seedlings cultivated in ten nurseries distributed in different bioclimatic stages all over the country. The primary objective was to understand the diversity and distribution of rhizobia species associated with this legume across different soil and climate zones.
The results of our study show that despite the fact that Vachellia karoo species are located exclusively in the north part of the country under a humid and sub humid climate, the seedlings cultivated in ten nurseries distributed in different bioclimatic stages (Saharian, sub Saharian and humid) have a strong ability to grow and form nitrogen-fixing nodules regardless of the soil and climate zone. The molecular identification based on the 16S RNA gene of the 29 strains isolated and identified in the laboratory were assigned to three genera: Ensifer, Mesorhizobium and Bradyrhizobium. The genus Ensifer showed a higher occurrence (48%) and diversity compared to the two other genera and an exclusive symbiotic association with Vachellia karroo seedlings collected from nurseries located in saharian and sub saharian zones.
EGAN: An Ensemble Adversarial Network for Topology-Preserving EEG Data Generation for Predicting Cognitive Load Levels
Authors: Havugimana Felix , Moinuddin Kazi Ashraf , Yeasin Mohammed
Published: July 2024

Learning representations and extracting meaningful patterns from Electroen- cephalogram (EEG) recordings is critical for analyzing cognitive events (e.g., predicting cognitive load). The primary challenges include individual variability, technical noise from unreliable sensor-skin contacts, and rapid temporal changes in the EEG recordings. Given the multi-factorial nature of the problems, deep learning models are natural choices for learning representations from the data. However, the extensive time required for data collection limits the number of subjects (samples) available, which is essential for building robust deep learn- ing models. We introduce an ensemble generative adversarial network (EGAN) to generate high-fidelity EEG data. The EGAN generates multi-channel EEG recordings and their spatial-spectral representation. Key design constraints were preserving topological structure and maintaining proper bias-variance trade-offs for building robust models. To ensure the quality of the synthetic data, we visually inspected the data generated by EGAN. We conducted spectral analyses to con- firm that the quality and spectral similarity were comparable to EEG recordings. To illustrate the efficacy of data generated by EGAN, we developed a convolu- tional neural network (CNN) model to predict four levels of cognitive load (CL). We used spatial-spectral representations (topomap) from three frequency bands (i.e., θ, α, and β). We trained our model on real data and a mixture of origi- nal and EGAN-generated data with varying proportions (e.g., 50%, 70%, 100%) of real data for training. We compared the performance of models trained solely on original data to those trained on mixed data. Our results indicate that CNN models trained on EGAN-supplemented data significantly outperformed those trained using only real data across all three frequency bands and all training set proportions. For example, the model trained on the mixed data with 50% real data achieved classification F1 and accuracy scores of approximately 71%, 69%, and 72% for θ, α, and β bands, respectively. The same model trained on only real data achieved approximately 52%, 57%, and 59% accuracy and F1 scores for the respective bands. These results demonstrate the utility of EGAN in gener- ating high-fidelity EEG data, significantly advancing cognitive load analysis and modeling other cognitive events.