bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Recruitment varies among milkweed seed sources for habitat specialist but not generalist
Authors: Finch Jessamine , Seglias Alexandra E. , Kramer Andrea T. , Havens Kayri
Published: May 2022

If sufficient seedling establishment can be achieved, seed‐based restoration provides an affordable, active restoration approach that can be implemented quickly at scale. However, establishment has served as a major restoration bottleneck, highlighting the need for improved understanding of seed germination niche and interactions with site conditions. Germination niche breadth (NB) is expected to increase with gene flow, resulting in broader environmental tolerance range, reduced sensitivity to site conditions, and less variation among seed sources. To investigate how germination NB relates to inter‐ and intraspecific variation in establishment from seed, we compared field recruitment for two milkweeds (Asclepias), the larval host plant of the monarch butterfly and thus a high priority group for habitat creation. Consistent with species‐level NB derived from laboratory trials, there was strong evidence that early life stages of the habitat specialist (Asclepias incarnata) varied among seed collection regions (separated by 423–572 km) but no evidence that the generalist (A. syriaca) varied among seed sources collected across an approximately 750‐km transect. Regeneration trends demonstrate that A. incarnata is significantly more sensitive to seed source and therefore requires more restricted seed zones. However, climate change may necessitate that we separate seed collection zones from seed application zones, upending the traditional framework of seed transfer zones. Until taxon‐specific studies have identified the scale of adaptive, phenotypic variance, restoration practitioners should continue to adjust the scale of seed collection zones for milkweeds and other taxa based on species traits known to influence gene flow, such as abundance and habitat specificity.
Beyond polarization and priming: Public agenda diversity and trust in government
Authors: Meirick Patrick C. , Edy Jill A.
Published: May 2022

Objective

The study set out to examine how diversity and volatility in the public's issue agenda are related to trust in government and congressional approval.

Method

Data from 1975 through 2014 for public agenda issue concerns, agenda diversity, agenda volatility, congressional polarization, trust in government, and congressional approval were transformed into a quarterly time series and analyzed with ridge regression.

Results

A more diverse public agenda is associated with less trust in government. When agenda volatility is higher, congressional approval is higher, perhaps because the government is perceived as dealing effectively with public problems —or perhaps because the public is distracted. Diversity and volatility interact: When many evenly matched issues are on a public agenda that is turning over quickly, congressional approval is higher than when a similarly diverse agenda is stagnant.

Conclusion

The American public's evaluations of government are affected not only by the issue content of the public agenda but also by the character of the public agenda.
Characterization of the novel HLA‐C*03:598 allele
Authors: Loginova Maria , Smirnova Daria , Paramonov Igor
Published: May 2022

HLA‐C*03:598 differs from HLA‐C*03:03:01:01 in codon 22 in exon 2.
Pig‐to‐human kidney transplantation using brain‐dead donors as recipients: One giant leap, or only one small step for transplantkind?
Authors: Ganchiku Yoshikazu , Riella Leonardo V.
Published: May 2022

Pig kidney xenotransplantation is increasingly regarded as a realistic solution to the current shortage of human organ donors for patients with end‐stage organ failure. Recently, the news of three pig‐to‐human transplantation cases has awakened public interest. Notably, the case by the Alabama team reported detailed and important findings for the xenotransplantation field. Using a genetically modified pig, two porcine kidneys were transplanted into a brain‐dead recipient. They applied several approaches established in the preclinical NHP study, including gene‐edited pig kidney graft and preoperative laboratory inspection such as crossmatching and infection screening. The pig‐to‐human kidney xenotransplantation had no unexpected events during surgery or evidence of hyperacute rejection. Unfortunately, the grafts did not work appropriately, and the study had to be terminated due to the decompensation of the recipient. While this study demonstrated the outstanding achievement in this research area, it also revealed remaining gaps to move xenotransplantation to the clinic. While brain‐dead human recipients could reinforce the compatibility achievements of gene‐edited pigs in NHP, their pro‐inflammatory and pro‐coagulant environment, in combination with short‐duration of experiments will limit the assessment of kidney function, infection and rejection risk post‐transplant, in particular antibody‐mediated rejection. The use of successful immunosuppressive protocols of non‐human primates xenotransplant experiments including anti‐CD154 antibody will be critical to maximize the success in the first in‐human trials.
Numerical simulation of wave propagation through interfaces using the extended finite element method for magnetic resonance elastography
Authors: Du Quanshangze , Bel-Brunon Aline , Lambert Simon Auguste , Hamila Nahiène
Published: May 2022

Magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) is an elasticity imaging technique for quantitatively assessing the stiffness of human tissues. In MRE, finite element method (FEM) is widely used for modeling wave propagation and stiffness reconstruction. However, in front of inclusions with complex interfaces, FEM can become burdensome in terms of the model partition and computationally expensive. In this work, we implement a formulation of FEM, known as the eXtended finite element method (XFEM), which is a method used for modeling discontinuity like crack and heterogeneity. Using a level-set method, it makes the interface independent of the mesh, thus relieving the meshing efforts. We investigate this method in two studies: wave propagation across an oblique linear interface and stiffness reconstruction of a random-shape inclusion. In the first study, numerical results by XFEM and FEM models revealing the wave conversion rules at linear interface are presented and successfully compared to the theoretical predictions. The second study, investigated in a pseudo-practical application, demonstrates further the applicability of XFEM in MRE and the convenience, accuracy, and speed of XFEM with respect to FEM. XFEM can be regarded as a promising alternative to FEM for inclusion modeling in MRE.
Association of Ankle Sprain Frequency With Body Mass and Self-Reported Function: A Pooled Multisite Analysis
Authors: Rosen Adam B. , Jaffri Abbis , Mitchell Andrew , Koldenhoven Rachel M. , Powden Cameron J. , Fraser John J. , Simon Janet E. , Hoch Matthew , Burcal Christopher J.
Published: May 2022

Context: Ankle sprains result in pain and disability. While factors such as body mass and prior injury contribute to subsequent injury, the association of the number of ankle sprains on body anthropometrics and self-reported function are unclear in this population. Therefore, the purpose of this investigation was to assess differences in anthropometric measurements and self-reported function between the number of ankle sprains utilizing a large, pooled data set. Design: Cross-sectional. Methods: Data were pooled from 14 studies (total N = 412) collected by the Chronic Ankle Instability Outcomes Network. Participants were categorized by the number of self-reported sprains. Anthropometric data and self-reported function were compared between those who reported a single versus >1 ankle sprain as well as among groups of those who had 1, 2, 3, 4, and ≥5 ankle sprains, respectively. Results: Those who had >1 ankle sprain had higher mass (P = .001, d = 0.33) and body mass index (P = .002, d = 0.32) and lower Foot and Ankle Ability Measure-Activities of Daily Living (P < .001, r = .22), Foot and Ankle Ability Measure-Sport (P < .001, r = .33), and Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool (P < .001, r = .34) scores compared to the single ankle sprain group. Those who had a single ankle sprain weighed less than those who reported ≥5 sprains (P = .008, d = 0.42) and had a lower body mass index than those who reported 2 sprains (P = .031, d = 0.45). Conclusions: Some individuals with a history of multiple ankle sprains had higher body mass and self-reported disability compared to those with a single sprain, factors that are likely interrelated. Due to the potential for long-term health concerns associated with ankle sprains, clinicians should incorporate patient education and interventions that promote physical activity, healthy dietary intake, and optimize function as part of comprehensive patient-centered care.
Addition of a Cognitive Task During Walking Alters Lower Body Muscle Activity
Authors: Vienneau Jordyn , Nigg Sandro , Nigg Benno M.
Published: May 2022

This study compared electromyography of five leg muscles during a single walking task (WALK) to a dual task (walking + cognitive task; COG) in 40 individuals (20 M and 20 F) using a wavelet analysis technique. It was hypothesized that muscle activation during the dual task would differ significantly from the walking task with respect to both timing (H1) and frequency (H2). The mean overall intensity for the COG trials was 4.1% lower for the tibialis anterior and 5.5% higher for the gastrocnemius medialis than in the WALK trials. The changes between the WALK and COG trials were short 50 ms bursts that occurred within 100 ms of heel strike in the tibialis anterior, and longer activation periods during the stance phase in the gastrocnemius medialis. No changes in overall intensity were observed in the peroneus longus, gastrocnemius lateralis, or soleus. Furthermore, no clear frequency bands within the signal could further characterize the overall changes in muscle activity during the COG task. This advances our understanding of how the division of attentional resources affects muscle activity in a healthy population of adults.
How full is the evolutionary fuel tank?
Authors: Walsh Bruce
Published: May 2022

A meta-analysis quantifies the heritable genetic variance in fitness—the fuel of evolution
The myth of the lost white tribe
In Whose Ruins
Alicia Puglionesi
Scribner, 2022. 368 pp.
Authors: Stark Laura
Published: May 2022

A historian confronts the stories used to sell the American manifest destiny project
In Science Journals
Authors: Smith H. Jesse , Purnell Beverly A. , Suleymanov Yury , Szuromi Phil , Scanlon Seth Thomas , VanHook Annalisa M. , Hodges Kip , Grocholski Brent , Zahn Laura M. , Lavine Marc S. , Vignieri Sacha , Funk Michael A. , Charneski Catherine A. , Isles Hannah M. , Stranks Samuel D.
Published: May 2022

Highlights from the
Science
family of journals
End draws near for lander that mapped the interior of Mars
Authors: O’Callaghan Jonathan
Published: May 2022

Mars InSight listened to quakes to give us our first look inside another planet
Genome Sequence of Pseudomonas veronii Strain G2, a Member of a Bacterial Consortium Capable of Polyethylene Degradation
Authors: Schneider Beate , Pfeiffer Friedhelm , Dyall-Smith Mike , Kunte Hans-Jörg
Published: May 2022

Nine different bacterial isolates were recovered from landfills. Each isolate was obtained in pure culture. As a consortium, the bacteria degrade polyethylene. The complete genome sequence of strain G2 was determined by PacBio sequencing. Using the TYGS for taxonomic classification, strain G2 was assigned to the species
Pseudomonas veronii
.
Diversity of CRESS DNA Viruses in Squamates Recapitulates Hosts Dietary and Environmental Sources of Exposure
Authors: Capozza Paolo , Lanave Gianvito , Diakoudi Georgia , Pellegrini Francesco , Cardone Roberta , Vasinioti Violetta Iris , Decaro Nicola , Elia Gabriella , Catella Cristiana , Alberti Alberto , Bányai Krisztián , Mendoza-Roldan Jairo Alfonso , Otranto Domenico , Buonavoglia Canio , Martella Vito
Published: May 2022

CRESS DNA viruses are significant pathogens of birds and pigs and have been detected repeatedly in human samples (stools, serum, and cerebrospinal fluid), both from healthy individuals and from patients with neurological disease, eliciting in 2013 a risk assessment by the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC). Sequences of CRESS DNA viruses previously reported in humans (TN9, TN12, and TN25), and detected in different animal species (e.g., birds, dogs, and bats) were herein detected in fecal samples of synanthropic squamates (geckos and lizards).
What’s new in the management of neonatal early-onset sepsis?
Authors: Fleiss Noa , Schwabenbauer Kathleen , Randis Tara M , Polin Richard A
Published: May 2022

The expert guidelines highlighted in this review provide an evidence-based framework for approaching at-risk infants and allow for a more limited and standardised approach to antibiotic use. While these guidelines have significantly reduced antibiotic utilisation worldwide, optimally each unit would individualise their approach to early onset sepsis (EOS) based on the neonatal population they serve and available resources. As advancements in EOS research continue and limitations with sepsis prediction tools are addressed, it is inevitable that our risk stratification and management guidelines will become more precise.
Efficacy of pembrolizumab in patients with advanced cancer of unknown primary (CUP): a phase 2 non-randomized clinical trial
Authors: Raghav Kanwal P , Stephen Bettzy , Karp Daniel D , Piha-Paul Sarina A , Hong David S , Jain Dipti , Chudy Onwugaje Dilichukwu O , Abonofal Abdulrahman , Willett Anneleis F , Overman Michael , Smaglo Brandon , Huey Ryan W , Meric-Bernstam Funda , Varadhachary Gauri R , Naing Aung
Published: May 2022

Background

Cancer of unknown primary (CUP) is an aggressive rare malignancy with limited treatment options. Data regarding clinical activity of immune checkpoint inhibitors in CUP is lacking. Therefore, we evaluated the efficacy of pembrolizumab, a programmed cell death-1 inhibitor, in patients with CUP.

Methods

The study was designed as a phase 2 basket trial for independent rare tumor cohorts including CUP. Adult patients with CUP who had progressed on previous systemic therapy, performance status 0/1 and measurable disease per Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST V.1.1) were eligible. Patients received pembrolizumab (200 mg) intravenously every 21 days. Twenty-nine patients were enrolled and treated between August 2016 and June 2020. The primary endpoint was non-progression rate (NPR) at 27 weeks (NPR-27) per immune-related RECIST. Key prespecified secondary endpoints were confirmed objective response rate (ORR), safety, duration of response (DoR), progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Pretreatment biopsies were examined for biomarkers of response (programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) expression and tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs)).

Results

Among 25 (of 29 enrolled) eligible and evaluable patients, 14 (56%) had poorly differentiated carcinoma. Patients received a median of two lines of therapy prior to enrollment. Median follow-up was 27.3 months. NPR-27 was observed in seven patients (28.0% (95% CI: 12.1 to 49.4)). ORR was 20.0% (95% CI: 6.8 to 40.7) with five patients achieving immune-related partial response with median DoR of 14.7 months (95% CI: 9.8 to 19.6). Median PFS and OS were 4.1 (95% CI: 3.1 to 5.1) and 11.3 (95% CI: 5.5 to 17.1) months, respectively. Treatment-related adverse events of any and grade ≥3 were seen in 19 (76%) and 4 (16%) patients, respectively. One (4%) patient had grade 3 immune-related acute kidney injury requiring treatment discontinuation. Neither PD-L1 nor TILs were associated with NPR-27. Both positive PD-L1 staining (44.4% vs 6.3%; p=0.040) and intense TIL infiltration (44.4% vs 6.3%; p=0.040) were associated with response.

Conclusion

Pembrolizumab showed encouraging efficacy in patients with CUP with acceptable safety profile.

Trial registration number

NCT02721732.
Parametric mapping CMR for the measurement of inflammatory reactions of the pericardium
Authors: Gastl Mareike , Sokolska Justyna M , Polacin Malgorzata , Gotschy Alexander , von Spiczak Brzezinski Jochen , Alkadhi Hatem , Kozerke Sebastian , Manka Robert
Published: May 2022

Objectives

Although cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) is increasingly used to diagnose pericardial inflammation, imaging can still be challenging using conventional CMR techniques. Parametric mapping (T1/T2 mapping) techniques have emerged as novel methods to quantify focal and global changes of the myocardium without contrast agent. The aim of the present study was to implement parametric mapping to facilitate diagnostic decision-making in pericardial inflammation.

Methods

Twenty patients with pericardial inflammation underwent CMR (1.5T system) including T1-weighted/T2-weighted imaging, T1/T2 mapping and late gadolinium enhancement. T1/T2 mapping was performed in end-diastole covering three short-axis slices. Diagnosis of pericardial inflammation was made according to recent guidelines. T1/T2 measurements were pursued by manually drawing regions of interest (ROIs) in the thickened, diseased pericardium carefully avoiding contamination by other cardiac structures. Parametric values were correlated to further markers of pericardial inflammation, such as pericardial thickening and inflammatory parameters.

Results

On average, the pericardium displayed a thickness of 4.8±1.0 mm. Mean T1 value was 1363.0±227.1 ms and T2 value was 123.3±52.6 ms, which were above patient’s myocardial values (myocardial T1: 998.7±81.0 ms, p<0.001, median 1014.46 ms; T2: 68.0±28.9 m,p<0.001) and the values of a group of four patients with chronic pericarditis (T1: 953.0±16.7 ms; T2: 63.2±10.1 ms). T1 and T2 showed a correlation to the extent of the thickened pericardium (R=0.64, p=0.002 for T1, R=0.72, p=0.005 for T2). There was no correlation of pericardial T1/T2 to blood markers of inflammation, myocardial injury (C reactive protein, troponin, creatine kinase) or further CMR parameters.

Conclusions

In patients with pericardial inflammation, parametric mapping showed elevated T1 and T2 values. Parametric mapping may help to facilitate diagnosis of pericardial inflammation if conventional parameters such as pericardial hyperintensity in T1-weighted or T2-weighted imaging or contrast agent uptake are heterogeneous.
THE NEXUS OF FINANCIAL DEEPENING AND POVERTY: THE CASE OF BLACK SEA REGION ECONOMIES
Authors: LU CHENGHUI , DILANCHIEV AZER
Published: May 2022

This paper analyzes the effect of financial deepening on poverty in the emerging Black Sea market economies with new generation causality analysis techniques utilizing panel data from 1996 to 2020. The econometric method of panel data is applied to the six emerging economies. It can be seen that the causal relationship between domestic loans to the private sector (DPS) and per capita household consumption expenditure (HCE) is significant in Georgia, Turkey and Ukraine. In addition, a bidirectional causality relationship is observed in Georgia. Romania, Georgia, Turkey and Ukraine are countries where the causality between HCE and DPS is significant. It is concluded that DPS increases per capita HCE and thus effectively reduces poverty.
Remarks relating to the ascending number and geometrical invariants of a knot
Authors: Higa Ryuji
Published: May 2022

For a knot, the ascending number is the minimum number of crossing changes which are needed to obtain an descending diagram. We study relations between the ascending number and geometrical invariants; the crossing number, the genus and the bridge index. The main aim of this paper is to show that there exists a knot K such that [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], and that there exists a knot K’ such that [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] for any positive integer n. We also give an upper bound of the ascending number for a 2-bridge knot.
A NUMERICAL SCHEME BASED ON TWO- AND THREE-STEP NEWTON INTERPOLATION POLYNOMIALS FOR FRACTAL–FRACTIONAL VARIABLE ORDERS CHAOTIC ATTRACTORS
Authors: JENA RAJARAMA MOHAN , CHAKRAVERTY SNEHASHISH
Published: May 2022

The terms fractional differentiation and fractal differentiation are recently combined to form a new fractional differentiation operator. Several kernels, such as the power-law and the Mittag-Leffler function, are employed to investigate these novel operators. Both fractional-order and fractal dimensions are found in these developed operators. In the present investigation, we have applied these new operators to study certain chaotic attractors with Mittag-Leffler and power-law kernels. These chaotic models are solved using an effective numerical procedure called the Adams–Bashforth technique, based on two- and three-step Newton interpolation polynomials. In this analysis, the order of the fractional derivative is assumed to be the exponential, trigonometric, and hyperbolic forms of variables. The solutions obtained by the numerical procedure with two different kernels are portrayed in terms of chaotic plots.
A Review on Vision-based Hand Gesture Recognition Targeting RGB-Depth Sensors
Authors: Rawat Prashant , Kane Lalit , Goswami Mrinal , Jindal Avani , Sehgal Shriya
Published: May 2022

With the advancement of automation, vision-based hand gesture recognition (HGR) is gaining popularity due to its numerous uses and ability to easily communicate with machines. However, identifying hand positions is the most difficult assignment due to the fact of crowded backgrounds, sensitivity to light, form, speed, size, and self-occlusion. This review summarizes the most recent studies on hand postures and motion tracking using a vision-based approach by applying Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA). The parts and subsections of this review article are organized into numerous categories, the most essential of which are picture acquisition, preprocessing, tracking and segmentation, feature extraction, collation of key gesture identification phases, and classification. At each level, the various algorithms are evaluated based on critical key points such as localization, largest blob, per pixel binary segmentation, depth information, and so on. Furthermore, the datasets and future scopes of HGR approaches are discussed considering merits, limitations, and challenges.
Characterizing Influence of Salt and Freeze–Thaw Cycle on Strength Properties of Clay
Authors: Zhang Yaqin , Yang Ping , Li Lin , Zhang Ting
Published: May 2022

Subsea tunnel construction is usually associated with high risk due to high water pressure. To ensure the safety of the tunnel during construction, artificial ground freezing (AGF) technology is typically adopted to freeze the surrounding soil of the tunnel. Previous researches reveal that the strength properties of clay vary significantly due to the coupling effect of salt and freeze–thaw. For this reason, the consolidated-undrained triaxial compression test was carried out on clay saturated with NaCl solution. The influences of freeze–thaw cycle, salt content, confining pressure, and strain rate on the strength were comprehensively evaluated. A statistical analysis was performed to distinguish the influence of these factors and their coupling effect. Test results reveal that a critical salt content exists at which the soil strength before and after a freeze–thaw cycle is the lowest. Similarly, instead of linearly increase with increasing strain rate, a critical strain rate exists at which the soil strength is the highest under undrained loading. In addition, a damage model with consideration of the coupling effect of freeze–thaw cycle and salt content was specially proposed to predict the stress–strain characteristic of clay with different salt contents before and after a freeze–thaw cycle.
Analysis of Nonlinear Heat Conduction Problems with Temperature-Dependent Conductivity Using Peridynamic Differential Operator
Authors: Zhou Baoliang , Li Zhiyuan , Xu Yepeng , Huang Dan
Published: May 2022

In this paper, a nonlocal approach for handling nonlinear heat conduction problems is developed using the peridynamic differential operator (PDDO). The boundary conditions and heat conduction equations are transformed from local differential form to nonlocal integral form by introducing peridynamic functions. The algebraic equations are established by the Lagrange multiplier method and variational analysis, which is solved with Newton–Raphson iterative method. Nonlinearities resulting from the temperature-dependence of material properties have been taken into account in irregular boundaries and cracked plates. Numerical examples demonstrate the effectiveness and accuracy of the PDDO for solving nonlinear heat conduction problems with temperature-dependent conductivity.
A “donor–acceptor” structured semiconductor polymer for near infrared fluorescence imaging guided photodynamic therapy
Authors: Li Baoling , Xu Ting , Wang Xiaosha , Zhao Shaojing , Wang Benhua , Jiang Lihui , Song Xiangzhi , Lan Minhuan
Published: May 2022

Near infrared (NIR) fluorescence imaging guided photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a technique which has been developed in many clinical trials due to its advantage of real-time optical monitoring, specific spatiotemporal selectivity, and minimal invasiveness. For this, photosensitizers with NIR fluorescence emission and high 1O2 generation quantum yield are highly desirable. Herein, we designed and synthesized a “donor–acceptor” (D-A) structured semiconductor polymer (SP), which was then wrapped with an amphiphilic compound (Pluronic[Formula: see text] F127) to prepare water-soluble nanoparticles (F-SP NPs). The obtained F-SP NPs exhibit good water solubility, excellent particle size stability, strong absorbance at deep red region, and strong NIR fluorescent emission characteristics. The maximal mass extinction coefficient and fluorescence quantum yield of these F-SPs were calculated to be 21.7 L/(g[Formula: see text]cm) and 6.5%, respectively. Moreover, the 1O2 quantum yield of 89% for F-SP NPs has been achieved under 635 nm laser irradiation, which is higher than Methylene Blue, Ce6, and PpIX. The outstanding properties of these F-SP NPs originate from their unique D-A molecular characteristic. This work should help guide the design of novel semiconductor polymer for NIR fluorescent imaging guided PDT applications.
On Morita equivalent of indecomposable automorphism-invariant rings
Authors: Trang Dao Thi
Published: May 2022

In this paper, we give some results of indecomposable rings in which finitely generated right ideals are automorphism-invariant. They are called [Formula: see text]-rings. It shows that any indecomposable right artinian right Rickart right [Formula: see text]-ring [Formula: see text] is Morita equivalent to a formal upper triangular matrix ring. Moreover, we also study endomorphism rings of automorphism-invariant modules.
Results and conjectures related to a conjecture of Erdős concerning primitive sequences
Authors: Farhi Bakir
Published: May 2022

A strictly increasing sequence, finite or infinite, [Formula: see text] of positive integers is said to be primitive if no term of [Formula: see text] divides any other. Erdős showed that the series [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is a primitive sequence different from the finite sequence [Formula: see text], are all convergent and their sums are bounded above by an absolute constant. Besides, he conjectured that the upper bound of the preceding sums is reached when [Formula: see text] is the sequence of the prime numbers. The purpose of this paper is to study the Erdős conjecture. In the first part of the paper, we give two significant conjectures which are equivalent to that of Erdős and in the second one, we study the series of the form [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is a fixed non-negative real number and [Formula: see text] is a primitive sequence different from the finite sequence [Formula: see text]. In particular, we prove that the analog of Erdős’s conjecture for these series does not hold, at least for [Formula: see text]. At the end of the paper, we propose a more general conjecture than that of Erdős, which concerns the preceding series, and we conclude by raising some open questions.
Growth of MoS2 and metal back electrode-dependent performance of MoS2/Si heterojunction solar cells
Authors: Ai Zikang , Yuan Jintao , Huang Ruiming , Yu Meng , Cheng Qijin
Published: May 2022

In this work, MoS2 thin films were successfully synthesized by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) using MoO3 and sulfur powders as precursor sources. The effect of the MoO3 dosage and heating temperature on the quality of the synthesized MoS2 films are investigated and a detailed reaction mechanism is proposed to interpret the obtained experimental result. Furthermore, we have studied the influence of different metal back electrodes (including Ag and Au) on the photovoltaic performance of the fabricated MoS2/Si heterojunction solar cell. It is shown that, in comparison with the solar cell using Au as a metal back electrode, the solar cell using Ag as a metal back electrode has poor photovoltaic performance with the appearance of the S-type shape in the measured current density-voltage curve. Finally, numerical simulation based on AFORS-HET software has been carried out to investigate the photovoltaic performance of the [Formula: see text]-MoS2/[Formula: see text]-Si heterojunction solar cell under different work functions of the metal back electrode. The result of numerical simulation is consistent with our experiential result in the trend. This work is highly relevant to the development of transition metal dichalcogenides in the application of solar cells.
Deciphering and suppressing the cathode dissolution catastrophe in aqueous rechargeable dual-ion battery
Authors: Sun Jianguo , Sam O Jin An , Wang Yumei , Wang Zhongting , Zeng Kaiyang , Lu Li
Published: May 2022

The development of aqueous dual-ion batteries (DIBs) has been hampered by two omnipresent issues, i.e. limited ESW of electrolyte and unsatisfactory electrode dissolution. In this study, a new DIB concept based on Cl[Formula: see text] and Na[Formula: see text] dual ion shutting with a sodium chloride (NaCl) aqueous electrolyte was reported. The electrochemical stable window (ESW) of the aqueous electrolyte was improved by inducing the urea to stabilize the shared water (H2O) molecule in the solvation sheath around Na[Formula: see text] and Cl[Formula: see text] based on the “water-in-salt” mechanism. Furthermore, an artificial SEI layer was introduced to inhibit the dissolution of Na3V[Formula: see text]Fe[Formula: see text](PO[Formula: see text] (Fe-NVP) cathode, thus ensuring a good cycling stability over 300 cycles of the aqueous DIB with an average discharging voltage of [Formula: see text]0.67 V. These exciting results advance the fundamental understanding of the artificial protective SEI and high-performance “water-in-salt” electrolyte design in developing cheap, stable aqueous DIB systems.
Quasi-Laplacian energy of composite graphs
Authors: Berberler Zeynep Nihan
Published: May 2022

Let [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] be the join, Cartesian product, composition, corona and cluster, respectively, of the graphs [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. We compute the quasi-Laplacian energies of these graphs.
A Generalized New Keynesian Model with Wage Stickiness
Authors: Wang Rui
Published: May 2022

In this paper, we derive a generalized version of New Keynesian Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium (DSGE) model to study how real imperfections of labor market affect the steady state and dynamics of model given different non-zero annual target inflation rates. The main finding is that, given the same target inflation rate, wage stickiness is more distortionary than the price stickiness. The existence of positive target inflation rate can also change the first-order dynamics of model, amplifying or reducing the dynamic response of model according to the type of exogenous shocks. A relatively high target inflation rate, 2% or 3%, may be preferable to a zero target inflation rate.
Collaborative Robots and Tangled Passages of Tactile-Affects
Authors: Barker Ned , Jewitt Carey
Published: May 2022

Collaborative robots are increasingly entering industrial contexts and workflows. These contexts are not just locations for production, they are vibrant social and sensory environments. For better or for worse, their entry brings potential to reorganize established tactile and affective dynamics that encompass production processes. There is still much to be learned about these highly contextual and complex dynamics in HRI research and the design of industrial robotics; common approaches in industrial collaborative robotics are restricted to evaluating “effective interface design,” whereas methods that seek to measure “affective touch” have limited application to these industrial domains. This article offers an extended analytical framework and methodological approach to deepen understandings of affect and touch beyond emotional responses to direct human–robot interactions. These distinct contributions are grounded in fieldwork in a glass factory with newly installed collaborative robots. They are illustrated through an ethnographic narrative that traces the emergence and circulation of affect, across
material, experiential
, and
social
planes. Beyond this single case, “tangled passages of tactile-affects” is offered as a novel and valuable concept that is distinct from the notion of “affective touch” and holds potential to generate holistic and nuanced understandings of how human experiences can be effected by the introduction of new robots in “the wild.”
The Impact of IoT on News Media in the Smart Age
Authors: Wang Xiuli
Published: May 2022

Public progress and people’s well-being need free and honest news media effective for educating the public, holding experienced authors accountable, and recording public debate of public officials on current events. News media’s evolution might be influenced by a variety of variables. Political understanding, economics, education, development corporation, and information technology are vital variables that will offer effective news. Due to the enactment of web and mobile technologies, the media world is now preparing for the next explorations with the Internet of Things (IoT). Because of IoT-based devices, this mix of technologies has already begun to spread. One of the industries most influenced by this next technological revolution will be news media. Internet of Things devices is enabling new methods of creating, disseminating, and consuming journalistic material, ushering the news business into a new paradigm: ubiquitous journalism. In this paper, we collected data from Chinese news organizations to improve security, team collaboration, high-speed network access, and public accessibility. We have used Rivest-Shamir-Adleman (RSA) encryption to contextualize IoT adoption inside the framework of technological advancements absorbed by media, and the process can be optimized by using Hybridized Fruitfly Bumblebee Optimization Algorithm (HFBOA). The suggested technique is compared to other existing methods, and its performance is assessed. The proposed method helps in increasing the security of the contents related to news media. The estimated results for our proposed technique are implementation cost (45), latency (40), security level (95), reliability (87), accuracy (89), throughput (6.7), execution time (1.05), and energy consumption (45).
An Improved Four-Rotor UAV Autonomous Navigation Multisensor Fusion Depth Learning
Authors: Liu Liwen , Wu Yuanming , Fu Gui , Zhou Chao
Published: May 2022

Whether it is for military or civilian use, quadrotor UAV has always been one of research central issues. Most of the current quadrotor drones are manually operated and use GPS signals for navigation, which not only limits the operating range of the drone but also consumes a lot of manpower and material resources. This research mainly studies the method of realizing autonomous flight and conflict avoidance of quadrotor UAV by using multisensor system and deep learning method in extreme flight conditions through track prediction. The convolutional neural network method is used to extract the image information collected by the UAV sensor system. And it uses the cyclic neural network to extract the time feature of the information collected by the UAV sensor. The research results show that the track prediction method based on the deep learning method has higher flight accuracy for quadrotor UAVs. The yaw error of the spatial position is only 2.82%, and the maximum error of the time characteristic error tolerance is only 0.77%.
Cyclic Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Slab‐Column Connection Using Numerical Simulation
Authors: Kenea Goshu , Feyissa Alemu
Published: May 2022

Nonlinear finite element (FE) simulation was employed to look into the behavior of flat slab‐column connections exposed to lateral cyclic loading. The study focused on the effect of drop panel and concrete grade by taking into consideration the element size sensitivity on the response of the joint. The study considered twelve specimens for the investigation. Four concrete grades having a magnitude of 47.7, 60, 75, and 90 MPa were selected. Three element sizes of 30 mm, 40 mm, and 60 mm were undertaken to access the mesh size sensitivity of the outputs. Six specimens are with drop panels, and others are without drop panels. The concrete‐damaged plasticity model has been used to model the specimens. Reduced eight noded bricks (C3D8R) and two noded trusses (T3D2) elements have been used for modeling concrete and steel, respectively. Cracking pattern, slab vertical deflection, strain distribution, ductility, load‐drift ratio, cracking load capacity, yielding load capacity, and ultimate load capacity are the main outputs of the FE simulation. The study confirmed a considerable increase in load‐carrying capacity and a decrease in ductility as the concrete grade increased. In another way, the load‐carrying capacity and ductility were slightly increased and decreased, respectively, as the slab‐column connection is provided with a drop panel. As element size decreases, the result obtained becomes more realistic.
Self-Study System Assessment of Spoken English considering the Speech Scientific Computing Knowledge Assessment Algorithm
Authors: Tao Hui , Zhang Zhe
Published: May 2022

For the purpose of effectively improving the assessment accuracy of spoken English self-study quality of English learners, a speech scientific computing knowledge assessment algorithm is introduced into the assessment of the self-study system of spoken English. Through the combination of spoken English speech assessment and accuracy detection, a DSP-based self-study assessment system for spoken English is designed. This system is mainly divided into two parts: voice signal processing and hardware circuit design. The features of spoken English self-study speech are extracted based on the multilayer wavelet feature conversion method, and the English pronunciation is detected and analyzed by adaptive filtering based on the characteristic values obtained. The corresponding wavelet entropy features of spoken English self-study speech are automatically assessed and assessed for the self-study quality. Finally, a practical case is analyzed, and the results indicate that the system proposed in this paper has high accuracy and excellent stability in assessing the quality of self-study in spoken English. Hence, it is of practical value in self-study assessment of spoken English.
Driver Source-Based Traffic Control Approach for Mitigating Congestion in Freeway Bottlenecks
Authors: Li Minglun , Yang Hu , Guo Bao , Dai Jianjun , Wang Pu
Published: May 2022

On-ramp control is an effective way to mitigate traffic congestion in freeways. In this study, a traffic control approach is developed based on the OD data of a regional freeway to alleviate the traffic overload in freeway bottlenecks. We first locate the major driver sources of the freeway bottlenecks and identify the on-ramps for implementing the traffic control schemes. Next, the differential evolution algorithm is employed to calculate the optimal control time at each traffic control on-ramp. The results indicate that the major driver sources of the freeway bottlenecks are limited. Traffic congestion in the freeway bottlenecks can be effectively mitigated by adaptively controlling the waiting time of vehicles at the on-ramps of their major driver sources.
Water Inrush Mechanism of Fault Zone in Karst Tunnel under Fluid-Solid Coupling Field considering Effective Stress
Authors: Huang Cunhan , Dong Wenhao , Cao Zhengzheng , Wang Yue , An Gangjian , Chen Huanqi , Jia Yunlong , Pan Qiuyu
Published: May 2022

At present, the tunnel construction engineering is increasingly transferring to southwest mountainous areas with complex terrain and geological conditions in China and presents a trend of “large buried depth, long tunnel line, high stress, strong karst, high water pressure, complex structure and frequent disasters.” Taking water inrush disaster of karst tunnel fault zone as the research object, an evolutionary mechanical model of rock damage under the coupling action of stress-seepage is proposed in this paper. Besides, based on Comsol Multiphysics numerical software, the tunnel excavation is simulated, and the stress field, seepage field, and rock damage during the excavation are analyzed; thus, the mechanical mechanism of water inrush disaster from tunnel fault in karst area is obtained. The research results indicate that the tunnel excavation is a dynamic construction process, and the construction disturbance redistributes the original rock stress field and changes the state of seepage field. With the increase of excavation steps, the contour distribution of vertical stress ratio near the tunnel face is a circle shape, indicating that the rock mass is obviously disturbed by excavation, and the ratio of principal stress difference of rock mass at arch crown and bottom plate is large. Besides, the fault fissures expand and penetrate under the influence of tunnel excavation disturbance, increasing the permeability of fault zone in karst tunnel. In addition, the water seepage erosion takes away the granular rock mass, and the lithology becomes more weaker, which makes it possible for the occurrence of water inrush disaster in karst tunnel. Therefore, the advanced geological prediction is important in tunnel construction in karst area. The research results can be treated as an important theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment for water inrush disaster of fault zone in karst tunnel.
Evaluation of Crossover Sign in Pelvis Models Made with a Three-Dimensional Printer
Authors: Salimi Amirhossein , Mirghaderi Seyed Peyman , Gholamzadeh Mohammad Javad , Qahremani Reihane , Hadizadeh Alireza , Shahriarirad Reza , Jelodari Mamaghani Hesan , Dehghani Javad , Salimi Maryam
Published: May 2022

Introduction. Investigation of the crossover sign (COS) in different degrees of tilt in pelvises made by three-dimensional printing of CT scans among patients with normal hip versions was carried out. Methods. Radiology CT scans of 8 normal pelvises reconstructed in 3D and the effect of sequential tilting on the presence of the false-positive COS in 48 radiographs were investigated. Results. The COS was seen in 77% of the AP radiographs during tilt changes. The average distance between the tip of the coccyx and the symphysis pubis was 32.06 ± 10.99 mm. Also, COSs were present in all radiographs from 6 degrees tilt and above. Conclusion. Minor tilting of the pelvis can result in a false-positive crossover sign on AP plain radiographs.
Design and Application of Smart Vision Sensor Using Embedded Technology in Cost Management of Power Transmission and Transformation Project in Ningxia Companies
Authors: Liu Shangke , Liu Xiaomin , Wang Zheng , Wan Ye , Wang Xiyuan
Published: May 2022

The purpose is to solve the problems of cumbersome calculation, low accuracy, poor timeliness, rigid data acquisition, high cost, large volume, and insufficient signal processing capacity of traditional vision sensor (VS) in Ningxia companies. Firstly, this paper designs an embedded smart VS based on advanced RISC machines (ARM) processor. Secondly, it proposes a cost estimation algorithm for power transmission and transformation project (PTTP) based on particle swarm optimization-least squares support vector regression (PSO–LSSVR). Afterward, a cost estimation model of PTTP based on building information modeling (BIM) is proposed. Thirdly, historical cost data of PTTP of a Ningxia company within five years are selected as data samples to verify the accuracy of the PSO-LSSVR estimation algorithm and BIM model. The results show the following: (I) The measurement error of the designed smart VS is less than 4%, with high accuracy, which is suitable for large-scale measurement in the construction site. (II) The error of the PSO-LSSVR algorithm in engineering cost prediction is less than 20%, and the accuracy is higher than that of traditional support vector machine (SVM) and LSSVR algorithms. The optimization effect is remarkable and can be used for the feasibility analysis of PTTPs. (III) The proposed BIM-based PTTP cost estimation model error in the project cost estimation is controlled within 10%. With high accuracy, it can be applied to the PTTP management of Ningxia company. The purpose is to provide important technical support for the upgradation of traditional VS technology and the realization of visual management and rapid cost estimation of PTTP of Ningxia companies.
A Novel Mitochondrial-Related Gene Signature for the Tumor Immune Microenvironment Evaluation and Prognosis Prediction in Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Li Yin-ping , Liu Gui-xia , Wu Zhan-ling , Tu Ping-hua , Wei Guang , Yuan Man , Zhong Min-hua , Deng Ke-lan
Published: May 2022

Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) remains the most common deadly disease and has a poor prognosis. More and more studies have reported that mitochondrial-related genes (MTRGs) were associated with the clinical outcomes of multiple tumors solely. In this study, we aimed to develop a novel prognostic model based on MTRGs. Differentially expressed MTRGs were identified from TCGA-LUAD and GSE31210 cohorts. Univariate Cox regression analysis was utilized to screen differentially expressed MTRGs that were related to prognosis of LUAD. Then, LASSO Cox regression analysis was used to develop a prognostic signature. ESTIMATE was used for estimating the fractions of immune cell types. In this study, we identified 44 overlapping differentially expressed MTRGs in TCGA-LUAD and GSE31210 cohorts. Among 44 overlapping differentially expressed MTRGs, nine genes were associated with prognosis of LUAD. When the penalty parameter lambda was the minimum, there were six genes meeting the conditions of constructing the signature, including SERPINB5, CCNB1, FGR MAOB, SH3BP5, and CYP24A1. The survival analysis suggested that prognosis of patients in the high-risk group was significantly worse than that in the low-risk group. Cox regression analyses showed that the risk score was an independent predictor of LUAD prognosis. As with the results of ESTIMATE score, the degree of immune cell infiltration in the low-risk group was higher than that in the high-risk group, such as TIL, Treg, and B cells. In addition, TMB and cancer stem cell infiltration were higher in the low-risk group than the high-risk group. In conclusion, we developed a novel MTRG signature acting as a negative independent prognostic factor. In the future, individualized treatments and medical decision-making may benefit from using the predicted model.