bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Senam Hamil, Durasi Tidur dan Denyut Jantung Janin
Authors: Handayani Ina , Suryani Pudji
Published: May 2018

Pada trimester ketiga terdapat ketidaknyamanan yang sering timbul antara lain nyeri punggung bawah, penurunan durasi tidur. Gangguan tidur saat kehamilan ini merupakan masalah yang menyebabkan ibu terbangun saat tidur tengah malam dan berlanjut mengalami sulit tidur terutama di akhir kehamilan. Pada masa itu ibu hamil sering mengalami kecemasan yang menyebabkan penurunan durasi tidur ibu hamil dan berpengaruh terhadap kondisi fisik ibu hamil. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh senam hamil terhadap durasi tidur, ketidaknyamanan dan kondisi fisik ibu hamil trimester ketiga di Puskesmas Wilayah Bogor Barat. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan pre-eksperimen one group pre-test post-test. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara multistage sampling yang akan dilakukan terhadap 12 responden. Penelitian dilakukan di wilayah Puskesmas Gang Kelor. Variabel diukur menggunakan instrumen pre-test post-test sebelum dan setelah diberikan perlakuan senam ibu hamil. Uji statistik menggunakan uji one sample t testdan uji Wilcoxon. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ada pengaruh senam hamil terhadap durasi tiduribu hamil (p=0,01) dan denyut jantung janin (0,00).
Konsumsi Jus Jambu Biji Merah dan Penyembuhan Luka Perineum
Authors: Setyarini Didien Ika
Published: May 2018

Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh konsumsi jus jambu biji merah terhadap penyembuhan luka perineum. Metode eksperimen dengan pendekatan post-test only control group design. Subjek penelitian ini adalah ibu postpartum dengan robekan perineum derajad I dan II. Sampel berjumlah 20 orang dengan teknik sampling accidental sampling. Data yang diperoleh dari hasil penelitian menunjukkan 40% responden yang mengkonsumsi jus jambu biji merah sembuh dalam waktu yang lebih cepat < 7 hari, sedangkan 90% responden yang tidak mengkonsumsi jus jambu biji merah sembuh dalam waktu normal 7-10 hari, hasil analisa data diperoleh Z hitung > Z tabel (-2,300 > -,196) H0 ditolak, sehingga disimpulkan konsumsi jus jambu biji merah berpengaruh signifikansi terhadap penyembuhan luka perineum.
Perbedaan Tingkat Nyeri dan Tekanan Darah Sebelum dan Sesudah Deep Breathing Exercise (DBE) Pada Pasien Post Laparatomi
Authors: Chandra Devi Pradnja Paramitha , Hamarno Rudi , Yuliwar Roni
Published: May 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan tingkat nyeri dan tekanan darahsebelum dan sesudah dilakukan DBE pada pasien yang mengalami pembedahan laparatomi di RSLavalette Malang. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah one group pre-post test design. Subyekpenelitian adalah pasien post laparatomi yang dipilih dengan teknik purposive sampling sebanyak 20responden. Hasil uji statistik paired t-test menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan signifikan sebelumdan sesudah deep breathing exercise (DBE) dari tingkat nyeri dengan p-value=0,000 (p<0,05). Namuntidak terdapat perbedaan signifikan pada tekanan darah sistole dengan p-value=0,725 dan tekanandarah diastole dengan p-value=0,428 (p>0,05). Saran bagi perawat agar melakukan DBE pada pasienpost laparatomi karena dapat menurunkan tingkat nyeri.
Paparan Perokok Pasif dalam Keluarga terhadap Risiko Terjadinya Asma
Authors: DTN Isnaeni , Septiasih Rossyana
Published: May 2018

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis pengaruh paparan asap rokok terhadaprisiko asma akibat terpapar asap rokok di tengah interaksi keluarga keluarga Polehan di desa Malang.Penelitian menggunakan Cross-Sectional Study, dengan dua kelompok kasus (perokok pasif) dewasa(25-45 tahun) dan anak-anak (10-17 tahun) dan dua kelompok kontrol kategori usia dengan purposivesampling. Risiko asma dalam kasus asap pasif diperoleh melalui analisis Odd Ratio. Uji pastiFisher dengan p <0,05 tingkat signifikansi untuk mengetahui efek paparan terhadap asap bekas. Hasilpenelitian menunjukkan bahwa paparan asap rokok secara signifikan adalah salah satu penyebabasma pada kelompok perokok pasif dewasa, yang bertentangan dengan paparan merokok pasif padaanak-anak nampaknya cenderung sebagai faktor pencegahan (OR <1), sehingga dapatdirekomendasikan perlu divalidasi oleh penelitian yang sama pada kelompok anak.
Lama Operasi Dan Kejadian Shivering Pada Pasien Pasca Spinal Anestesi
Authors: Mashitoh Dewi , Mendri Ni Ketut , Majid Abdul
Published: May 2018

Spinal anestesi menghasilkan blok simpatis dan blok sensoris terhadap reseptor suhu periferse hingga menghambat respon kompensasi terhadap suhu. Oleh karena itu, dampak yang timbul pasca tindakan spinal anestesi yang sering terjadi adalah shivering (menggigil). Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif, jenis penelitian observasional analitik dengan desain cross sectional. Sampel penelitian ini berjumlah 40 responden pasca spinal anestesi. Pengambilan sampel dengan accidental sampling, uji yang digunakan adalah uji Chi Square. Responden yang menjalani operasi <60 menit mengalami shivering sebanyak 9 (22,5%), sedangkan responden yang menjalani operasi >60 menit mengalami shivering sebanyak 12 orang (30%). Hasil uji statistik menggunakan Chi square didapatkan hubungan yang bermakna dengan p-value sebesar 0,007. Terdapat hubungan antara lama operasi dengan kejadian shivering pada pasien pasca spinal anestesi di RSUD Kota Yogyakarta.
Pengaruh Pemberian Terapi Fisik Brandt Daroff Terhadap Vertigo Di Ruang UGD Rsud Dr. R Soedarsono Pasuruan
Authors: Triyanti Nike Chusnul Dwi Indah , Nataliswati Tri , Supono Supono
Published: May 2018

Vertigo merupakan suatu fenomena yang terkadang sering ditemui di masyarakat. Tujuan pada penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian terapi fisik Brandt Daroff terhadap vertigo di UGD RSUD Dr. R Soedarsono Pasuruan. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah Quasi Eksperimen jumlah sampel yang di peroleh sebanyak 30 responden, pengambilan sampel menggunakan metode Non Probability Sampling, instrument yang digunakan adalah vertigo Symptom Scale-Short Form (VSS-SF) untuk mengukur skor vertigo, analisa data menggunakan uji Wilxocon Sign RankingTest dengan taraf signifikan a = 0,05. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya pengaruh pemberian terapi fisik brandt daroff terhadap vertigo (p value = 0,000 < 0,05). Rekomendasi hasil penelitian ini adalah pasien yang mengalami vertigo agar mendapatkan tindakan terapi fisik Brandt Daroff karena dapat mengurangi vertigo.
Perilaku Orang Tua dalam Mencegah Child Abuse Pada Anak Usia 6-12 Tahun
Authors: Kasiati Kasiati , Ain Hurun , Martha Ella
Published: May 2018

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengidentifikasi perilaku orang tua dalam mencegahkekerasan pada anak usia 6-12 tahun di SDN Sumber Ngepoh II Lawang, yang dilaksanakan pada 12-14 Febuary 2016. Jenis penelitian adalah deskriptif dengan jumlah populasi 160 orang. Menggunakansimple random sampling dengan sampel sebanyak 32 orang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 59% memilikipengetahuan kurang, 53% memiliki sikap negatif, 62% memiliki tindakan kurang. Ketiga variabeltersebut memiliki peranan penting dalam pembentukan perilaku orang tua khususnya dalam mencegahkekerasan pada anak. Diharapkan orang tua ikut serta dalam upaya meningkatkan perilaku dalammencegah kekerasan pada anak dengan cara mencari informasi tentang pencegahan kekerasan padaanak, mendukung kegiatan anti kekerasan pada anak, dan melakukan tindakan pencegahan kekerasanpada anak.
Gereja Santo Antonius Purbayan: Sejarah Awal Gereja Katolik Belanda di Solo
Authors: Yunani Ahmad
Published: May 2018

The Catholic Church Santo Antonius Purbayan be evidence of history in the development and spread of Catholicism in Solo or Surakarta. This article attempts to examine the role of the church as the center spread of Catholicism in Solo and its surroundings, from the activities of the church became a place of worship, even to the historical development of Catholic educational institutions are quite old. This study uses Arkheologis Historical approach that is supported by the data history of the church in question. And in the findings of this study, it was found that the existence of this church to witness the historical presence of the Catholic religion in Solo, and some other areas in Java. Spread starts from Semarang by a Catholic priest is Father Van Lith, SJ. When coming in Java, he learned a few things that made the failure of the missionaries before. They came as a waitress Faith to Dutch society that has been present with different purposes and objectives. The Church was built by the Dutch in the form of Neo Gothic, to conform and adapt to the cultural conditions that developed at that time. In its development, to support its existence, the church establish educational institutions that cater for the Catechist who trained as priests and Catholic Faith waitress in Solo and its surroundings.

Keywords: Church of Santo Antonius Purbayan, Solo, Catholicism, Architecture

Gereja Katolik Santo Antonius Purbayan menjadi bukti sejarah dalam perkembangan dan penyebaran agama Katolik di Solo atau Surakarta. Artikel ini mencoba mengkaji peran gereja sebagai pusat penyebaran Agama Katolik di Solo dan sekitarnya, dari aktifitas gereja yang menjadi tempat ibadah, bahkan hingga sejarah berkembangnya lembaga pendidikan Katolik yang cukup tua. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan Historis Arkheologis yang didukung dengan data sejarah gereja dimaksud. Dan dalam temuan penelitian kali ini, ditemukan bahwa keberadaan gereja ini menjadi saksi sejarah hadirnya agama Katolik di Solo, dan beberapa daerah lainnya di tanah Jawa. Penyebarannya dimulai dari kota Semarang oleh seorang Imam Katolik yaitu Romo Van Lith, SJ. Saat datang di tanah Jawa, ia mempelajari beberapa hal yang menjadikan kegagalan para missionaris sebelumnya. Mereka datang sebagai Pelayan Iman bagi masyarakat Belanda yang telah hadir sebelumnya dengan berbagai maksud dan tujuan. Gereja dibangun oleh Belanda dengan bentuk Neo Gothik, dengan mengikuti dan menyesuaikan dengan kondisi budaya yang berkembang saat itu. Dalam perkembangannya, untuk mendukung keberadaannya, pihak gereja membentuk lembaga pendidikan yang diperuntukkan bagi para Katekis yang dididik menjadi Imam dan Pelayan Iman Katolik di Solo dan sekitarnya.

Kata kunci: Gereja Santo Antonius Purbayan, Solo, Katolik, Arsitektur
Simbol pada Makam Syekh Bil Ma’ruf dan Sosio-Religi Pulau Tangnga Sulawesi Barat
Authors: Muslim Abu
Published: May 2018

This research concentrates on the actual religion surrounding the famed tomb-archeology of Sulawesi. This study, which focusses in particular on the Muslim religious leaders in Polewali Mandar, must first consider the first ancient tombs in Polman. In particular, we focus on the tomb at the Tangnga Island District of Binuang Polewali Mandar. Our selection of the tomb of Sheikh Bil Ma’ruf is motivated by that man’s key role and his remarkable persona given a society in which the veneration of tombs was central to people’s beliefs, and given that tomb archaeology can shed light on the sociology of a past society. It seems that the degree of veneration of a tomb corresponds to the honour in which a certain character’s memory is held. It seems that the veneration of Sheikh bil Ma’ruf’s tomb is directly proportional to the public celebration of this man’s deeds in his lifetime and the example that he gave to the flourishing local Islamic community in Sulawesi that came to be.

Keywords: Sheikh Bil Ma’ruf, tomb,Sociology of Religy,Archeology

Penelitian ini adalah studi tentang arkeologi-religi dengan makam sebagai objek kajiannya. Penelitian ini, menghendaki sebuah penelusuran arkeologis terhadap makam tokoh agama Islam di Polewali Mandar dengan terlebih dahulu melakukan inventarisasi makam-makam kuno di Polman. Objek kajian arkeologi religi dilakukan pada makam syekh Bil Ma’ruf di Pulau Tangnga Kecamatan Binuang Kabupaten Polewali Mandar. Pemilihan objek makam sangat ditentukan oleh peran tokoh tersebut semasa hidupnya yang mempunyai peran keagamaan serta ketokohan kuat di tengah-tengah masyarakat. analisis sosial dilakukan untuk melihat lakon masyarakat terhadap makam. Hal ini sebagai pengejewantahan dari Archeology is sociology for the past. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peranan tokoh yang dimakamkan berbanding lurus dengan perilaku masyarakat terhadap makam dengan melakukan lakuan-lakuan bernuansa keagamaan yang terangkum dalam hajatan-hajatan yang dilakukannya serta pola keberislaman masyarakat setempat.

Kata Kunci: Syekh Bil Ma’ruf, Makam, Sosiologi Religi, Arkeologi
Akulturasi Budaya pada Arsitektur Masjid Sunan Giri
Authors: Siswayanti Novita
Published: May 2018

The Sunan Giri Mosque, one of the most remarkable mosques foun-ded by Sunan Giri, displays a most interesting combination of traditional Javanese and Hindu architecture. This paper uses research methods and descriptive analysis by describing the components of the mosque as analysis and interpretation. The Sunan Giri mosque displays the ‘Joglo forms’ typical of Javanese buildings, but surrounded by four pillars, and roofed in with overlapping ‘Meru’ just like in Hindu buildings, as is the Kalamkara archway and the pulpit of the mosque-shaped padmasana throne equipped with solar ornaments with Majapahit flourishes, the pineapple, arch-shaped mosque paduraksa reminiscent of the shape of the building on a grand kori kedathon in a Hindu Kingdom temple complex.

Keywords : Sunan Giri Mosque, Acculturation Culture, Architecture

Masjid Sunan Giri salah satu masjid walisanga yang didirikan oleh Sunan Giri yang arsitektur bangunannya vernacular berakulturasi dengan tradisional Jawa dan budaya yang bercorak Hindu. Artikel menggunakan metode penelitian analisis deskriptif dengan mendeskripsikan komponen-komponen bangunan masjid kemudian dilakukan analisis dan penafsiran. Akulturasi budaya yang tampak terlihat pada Masjid Sunan Giri ialah arsitektur bangunan Joglo tipikal bangunan Jawa yang disanggah dengan empat soko guru;Mustaka pada atap masjid bertumpang mirip meru pada bangunan Hindu, mihrab masjid yang berbentuk lengkungan kalamakara seperti candi, mimbar masjid berbentuk padmasana singgasana dilengkapi dengan ornamen surya Majapahit, florish dan nanas, gapura masjid ber¬bentuk paduraksa mengingatkan pada bentuk bangunan kori agung pada kedathon di komplek Kerajaan Hindu.

Kata Kunci : Masjid Sunan Giri, Akulturasi Budaya, Arsitektur
Islam dan Perkembangan Bahasa Melayu
Authors: Herniti Ening
Published: May 2018

The spread of Islam in Nusantara has not only influenced social change, but also in language development. One of the languages used in Nusantara at that time was the Malay language. Malay as lingua franca has an important role in communication between traders in the Malacca Strait. Arabic also serves as a lingua franca especially in the spread of Islam. Arabic and Malay have the same position, namely as lingua franca, causing language contact. This language contact represents a balance of two languages resulting in language borrowing. This research is libraryresearch with qualitative-descriptive method. This paper describes the influence of the spread of Islam in Nusantara to the development of Malay (Bahasa). The conclusion of this study shows that the spread of Islam in Nusantara influences the system alphabet (alphabet Jawi), the form of loanword, the domain of loanword, and Arabic-Latin transli¬teration.

Keywords: The spread of Islam; influence; contact language; lingua franca; loanword

Penyebaran agama Islam di Nusantara tidak hanya berpengaruh pada perubahan sosial, tetapi juga pada perkembangan bahasa. Salah satu bahasa yang digunakan di wilayah Nusantara pada saat itu adalah bahasa Melayu, yang kemudian menjadi bahasa Indonesia. Bahasa Melayu sebagai lingua franca memiliki peranan penting dalam memperlancar komunikasi antarpedagang di Selat Malaka. Bahasa Arab juga berperan sebagai lingua franca terutama dalam penyebaran agama Islam. Bahasa Arab dan bahasa Melayu memiliki kedudukan yang sama, yakni sebagai lingua franca sehingga menimbulkan kontak bahasa. Peristiwa kontak bahasa ini mepresentasikan adanya keseimbangan dua bahasa yang mengakibatkan peminjaman bahasa. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian pustaka dengan metode deskriptif-kualitatif. Tulisan ini memaparkan pengaruh penyebaran Islam di Nusantara terhadap perkembangan bahasa Melayu (bahasa Indonesia). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penyebaran agama Islam di Nusantara berpengaruh pada sistem aksara (abjad Jawi), bentuk serapan, bidang penyerapan, dan transliterasi Arab-Latin.

Kata Kunci: penyebaran agama Islam; pengaruh; kontak bahasa; lingua franca; serapan
How emotion-cognition interactions drive affective bipolarity
Authors: Bocanegra Bruno R.
Published: May 2018

Abstract

Affective bipolarity is observed in a large group of people falling within the broad bipolar spectrum. Here, we propose a model of how emotion-cognition cycles drive affective bipolarity in the general case, and when these cycles may spiral into excessive forms. Our account specifies how emotion-cognition interactions produce two distinct epistemic modes: A behaviorally engaged, externally oriented mode of phenomenal exploration and a behaviorally disengaged, internally oriented mode of conceptual rumination. Affective bipolarity is viewed as a ubiquitous phenomenon underlying epistemic progress, which explains why mood fluctuations can be observed in many psychiatric disorders. The model explains why individuals with bipolar tendencies exhibit polar asymmetries in emotion, cognition and behavior, and are at risk for excessive affective bipolarity when their epistemic activities are guided by immutable and stable core beliefs.
Natural Time and Bureaucratic Time: State Building, Forests and Environmental Conflicts in the 1800s
Authors: Bonan Giacomo
Published: May 2018

Historians traditionally consider the Napoleonic period a key point in the process of state centralisation in most of continental Europe. This is certainly true of the legislative and administrative transformations overseen by state authorities during that epoch. However, there is still much to learn about the consequences of these changes on the ground, especially in peripheral regions. In this respect, an environmental history approach can provide new perspectives on the growing presence of state authorities in the management of environmental resources and associated struggles in rural areas. In this article, I analyse the reactions of some alpine communities to state intervention in the years following the implementation of Napoleonic reforms. The lens through which these interactions are observed is that of valorisation of forest resources, which were the economic lynchpin of alpine communities and, at the same time, a strategic issue for state authorities.
The Impact of Urban Parks on Citizens’ Place Attachment (Case Study: Bagh Mohtasham of Rasht)
Authors: Dadfar Sajjad , Heydari Fatemeh Fallah
Published: May 2018

Parks and urban green spaces can play an effective role in developing and reinforcing citizens’ place attachment because of long time usage and wide spectrum of environmental users. Bagh Mohtasham of Rasht can be indicated as one of the prominent examples of urban parks in Gilan province. Bagh Mohtasham is the oldest park in Rasht and is counted as the main choices for Rasht citizens in order to spend their leisure time. In this regard current study intends to assess the impact of Bagh Mohtasham of Rasht on the people’s place attachment to determine the solutions for increasing the place attachment in residents of Rasht. The current study is descriptive-analytical. The writing process started with research general framework through investigating library documents and field study and then people’s place attachment and identification to Bagh Mohtasham of Rasht. Similar examples are assessed by applying questionnaires and structured interviews with people. The study results show that perceptual cognitive, environmental, physical and social components have a significant and sensible effect on citizens’ place attachment to Bagh Mohtasham of Rasht.
Determination of Suspended Particulate Matter Concentration and Assessment of Inhalation Risk in the Ambient Air of Ahvaz City, Iran
Authors: Karimi Saeed , Rezayani Nima
Published: May 2018

Air pollution due to the presence of particulate matter (PM) in the ambient air is assumed to be the leading cause of many diseases in different metropolitan and industrial regions throughout the world. Based on WHO’s report on the classification of different cities of the world in terms of the amount of fine particles in the air, Ahvaz is one of the most polluted cities among a sample of more than 1100 cities around the world. Heavy metals attached to the inhalable particulate matters having a size of less than 10 microns can penetrate more deeply into the lungs, form sediments, and cause many health problems. In the present study, concentrations of arsenic, nickel, lead, aluminium and magnesium, with two particle sizes of PM2.5-PM10 and PM10 and larger, in the ambient air of different districts of Ahvaz city have been measured. Their related carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks have been assessed to quantify the amount of pollution. The results showed that the measured concentrations of arsenic, nickel, lead, aluminium and magnesium in the ambient air of Ahvaz were 0.542 μg/m, 0.59 μg/m, 1.65 μg/m, 33.94 μg/m and 0.833 μg/m, respectively. Non-carcinogenic risk assessments for arsenic, nickel, aluminium and magnesium due to their inhalation from the ambient air of Ahvaz were 3.39 × 10−2, 1.13 × 10−2, 1.73 × 10−2 and 1.59 × 10−2, respectively, which indicates that the health of people in Ahvaz is not adversely affected by the non-carcinogenic factors.
Diagnosis and Planning of Impacts of Land-Cover Changes on the Runoff
Authors: Aghmashhadi Amir Hedayati , Adeli Fatemeh , Kazemi Azadeh , Zahedi Samaneh
Published: May 2018

Caspian basin is one of the main six basins of the country which is influenced by Caspian region in the north of Iran. Because of the growth of human activities and following the changes in land using over the past years, land-cover has changed greatly in this area. The purpose of the article is to study the impact of land-cover changes on the surface of runoff and the quality of water resources in years of 2001-2012, in the Caspian basin. MODIS of terra satellite images have been used to do this action.

The results showed that impenetrable surfaces that influence the production of surface runoff have covered 32.25 percentage of the whole of Caspian basin in 2001. And the level of impenetrable surfaces have decreased to 1.39 percentage by reducing 1.86 percentage. Also, in 2002, the surfaces that changed the quality of water, composed 14.54 percentage of the whole of basin land-cover reached to 17.78 percentage by 3.24 growth until 2012. In order to have a constant profit from water resources and to decrease land-cover impacts on water resources in this basin, providing the management plan of land-cover which includes pre-programmed planning, implementation, monitoring, and compliance steps which are related to water resources is necessary.
Air Pollution Effects on Climate and Air Temperature of Tehran City Using Remote Sensing Data
Authors: Raoufi Seyyed Sadeq , Goharnejad Hamid , Niri Mahmoud Zakeri
Published: May 2018

It is difficult to demonstrate air pollution spatial distribution as it is related to weather conditions, location, topography, and the area. Air pollution is studied by remote sensing techniques less than other techniques due to lack of sensors capable of detecting emissions, and hence, Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) method is used for investigation. Aerosol optical depth is a measure of the extinction of the solar beam by dust and haze. In this study, the linear regression analysis was used to develop a relationship between AOD measures by MODIS and daily air pollution (CO, O3, NO2, SO2 and PM2.5) in six consecutive years (2011-2016) at 22 stations in Tehran. Matrix correlation between AOD values and air pollution parameters indicated a significant relationship for O3 and NO2 with regression squared from 0.631 to 0.764, respectively. Linear regression between AOD and the parameters was separately developed and pollution maps were produced for CO, O3, NO2 and PM2.5 parameters within 2011-2016. Spatial distribution map of the aforementioned gases revealed that NO2 and CO were higher than the regular standards in the studied region during 2011-2016; PM2.5 was desirable in the northern areas; however, its concentration was larger than the standard level in southern and central regions. Comparison of pollution maps and land surface temperature (LST), picked up by MODIS satellite, indicated that the correlation between PM2.5 and temperature is R = 0.55; in addition, it largely influences higher air pollution increases in Tehran comparing other gases.
Transfer of Technical Knowledge from Dust Control in Khuzestan Province for Elimination of Hamoon Jazmoorian Wetland Challenges
Authors: Fakhroueian Zahra , Attarnejad Mohammad Ali , Esmaeilzadeh Pouriya , Forouzanfard Farshad , Khaksar Elham , Karampour Ali
Published: May 2018

Hamoon Jazmoorian wetland, which is positioned at the border of Kerman and Sistan-Baluchistan provinces in Iran, consists of three major types of soils including argillaceous silt, swampy types and various clay and sand layers. Given this information and some valuable experience earned in 2-3 years from research on 14 dust focal centres of Khuzestan province, the dust polluted sky of the province and its borders with neighbouring countries, it was attempted to repress the dried Jazmoorian wetland. Hamoon Jazmoorian wetland and the dust regions similar in terms of soil type in Khuzestan such as Hendijan Hur, Saheb Abad of Gharganeh, Dehno in Hendijan, north Azadegan field in Hoveyzeh wetland of Hour-al-Azim and Ashareh-ye Omidiyeh can be converted to alive, healthy and fruitful soil instead of dead, withered and sere ones.

In this study, some healthy and eco-friendly water-based green biological fluid formulations have been prepared for single soils and simulated mixture of the Jazmoorian wetland. Stability tests, mechanical and ecological stabilization of soil-fluid using wind tunnel with 90-100 km/h velocity and also planting vegetable seeds have been completely carried out in lab scale. The performance of biological fluids (green mulch) were very successful. The results of this work can be further developed to industrial and pilot plant scales. All the materials in green biological fluids are very safe and healthy for humans and the environment, without any toxic substance.
Assessment and Estimation of Environmental Costs of Kasilian Dam
Authors: Khodarahmi Mahsa , Amiri Mohammad Javad , Karbassi Abdolreza , Tajziehchi Sanaz , Darabi Hassan
Published: May 2018

Despite the benefits of large dams, there are still concerns about their real benefits and environmental costs. Effects on social and natural ecosystems could be one of the most important external costs of dams’ construction. The aim of this study is to identify the environmental and social costs of Kasilian hydropower Dam in Mazandaran Province, Iran, to reduce the negative consequences and move towards sustainable environmental development. In order to estimate the environmental costs, it is necessary to calculate the damaging and negative effects as well as the benefits of dam construction such that to calculate the net profit. Thus, this paper is one of the first efforts focusing on identifying the most important social and environmental impacts of dams’ construction. Using the HECAM (Hydropower’s Environmental Costs Analysis Model) software and considering the economic, social and environmental indicators, we estimated the benefit ratio to the cost of Kasilian hydroelectric dam to be about 3.5. We also found that land loss and electricity generation have the highest cost and the greatest profit associated with the lack of greenhouse gases, the water and electricity sale.
Comparing Two Methods of PROMETHEE and Fuzzy TOPSIS in Selecting the Best Plant Species for the Reclamation of Sarcheshmeh Copper Mine
Authors: Ebrahimabadi Arash , Pouresmaieli Mahdi , Afradi Alireza , Pouresmaeili Esmaeil , Nouri Sahand
Published: May 2018

Mining affects the environment around the extracted area negatively. As a result, it is vital to rehabilitate mines and reclamate the region to its former natural condition or use the land in an optimized way. The choice of herbal types and planting them to conserve the natural environment of the region and reclamating the mine is of utmost importance. When a case study was conducted in Sarcheshmeh copper mine which is one of the 10 biggest copper mines of the world, plant species were selected according to the initial factors of the rehabilitation scheme, climatic conditions and soil conditions. Then, secondary factors were identified and decision matrices that are based on questionnaires completed by experts, plant species based on regional perspective criteria, resistance to disease and insects, their strength and development, access to the plant species, economic efficiency, soil conservation and water saving, prevention of various types of contamination were all classified according to the multi-criteria decision making methods. It is worth saying that the weights of the criteria are compared with the use of PROMETHEE and Fuzzy TOPSIS methods. The best plant species in the mining area and tailing dam prioritized by PROMETHEE method are mountain almonds (2.28), tamarisk (1.44), ephedra (0.55), pistacia (0.44), Astragalus (−2.22), and salsola (−2.48).
Investigating Citizens’ Perceptions about the Status of Health, Safety and Environment in the City of Yazd (District 2)
Authors: Najafabadi Maryam Jafari , Elmi Mohammad Reza
Published: May 2018

Rapid population growth and its focus on cities have affected the lives of people; and poverty, environmental degradation, pollution, lack of utilities, the decline of existing infrastructure, and lack of access to land and adequate shelter are the crises related to this issue. Cities as a centralization of people’s activities and human’s life do not have any choice except to accept the structure and function of system of health to ensure their sustainability; so the system of health, safety and the environment will be effective as an integrated system to manage urban. The aim of this study is to survey and determine people’s point of view about health, safety and environment issues of cities they live in. Ultimately the results are used for favourable urban management and improving health, safety and environment criteria of the second district in Yazd city.

Therefore, after determining the factors affecting health, safety and environment of the city through library studies and previous activities carried out, to get the citizens’ opinion the questionnaire was used and the results were analyzed by SPSS. Results show that people’s point of view about desirable criterion environmental indices is 64%, about desirable criterion health indices is 66.4% and about desirable criterion safety indices is 67.4%.
The Role of Extension Services on Farmers’ Awareness and Knowledge about Conservation Agriculture Practices (Plant, Soil and Water Conservation)
Authors: Razzaghi Borkhani Fatemeh , Mohammadi Yaser
Published: May 2018

The main purpose of this study was to investigate the role of extension services on farmers’ awareness and knowledge about conservation agriculture in Karaj county of Iran. From the statistical population of the study which consisted of wheat growers of Karaj county the number of 97 farmers were calculated as a sample size according to Krejcie and Morgan table and selected by stratified proportional random sampling. Data were collected by a questionnaire, and its validity was confirmed by opinions of Jihad-e-Agriculture experts and faculty members of agricultural extension and education department. The reliability of the questionnaire also was calculated and confirmed through Coronbach’s Alpha coefficient which was more than 0.70. The results of study showed that farmers apply relatively high levels of water conservation, soil and plant conservation. The mean results, however, indicate that water conservation practices are used less in relation to soil and plant conservation practices. The results also showed that wheat growers who participated in extension education courses, FFS programmes, educational workshops, and farm advisory courses of plant clinic had a higher level awareness and knowledge about agricultural conservation compared to those who had not participated in these classes.
Multiplex Semi-Nested RT-PCR for Genotyping of Rotaviruses Group A in Giza Tap Water, Egypt
Authors: Rizk Neveen Magdy , Allayeh Abdou Kamal
Published: May 2018

Rotavirus is one of the most common enteric viruses that can be transmitted via contaminated water globally. From the hygienic point of view, the occurrence of rotaviruses in drinking water is not acceptable. Investigations about the presence of rotaviruses in tap water are very limited in Egypt. Overall 72 tap water samples were collected and concentrated for the detection of rotavirus group A (RV-A) VP6 gene using RT-PCR. The positive samples for RV-A were further analyzed using multiplex semi-nested RT-PCR for identification P and G rotavirus genotypes. A total of 8.3% tap water samples were positive for rotavirus group A using nested RT-PCR. The temporal distribution showed that rotaviruses isolates were noticed in three seasons, 16.7% (3/18) in autumn, 11.1% (2/18) in winter and 5.6% (1/18) in spring, while in summer there were no positive samples. Statistically, seasonal variation had no considerable effect on the prevalence of RV-A in tap water samples. About 83.3% of G-type rotaviruses were belonging to G1-type, while 50% of the rotaviruses strains were P[8] and 16.7% were P[6]. In conclusion, the presence of RV-A into tap water represented a public health risk and our findings demonstrated the urgent need to add viral parameters to water quality surveillance.
Post-stroke visual neglect affects goal-directed locomotion in different perceptuo-cognitive conditions and on a wide visual spectrum
Authors: Ogourtsova Tatiana , Archambault Philippe S. , Lamontagne Anouk
Published: May 2018

Background:

Unilateral spatial neglect (USN), a highly prevalent and disabling post-stroke deficit, has been shown to affect the recovery of locomotion. However, our current understanding of USN role in goal-directed locomotion control, and this, in different cognitive/perceptual conditions tapping into daily life demands, is limited.

Objectives:

To examine goal-directed locomotion abilities in individuals with and without post-stroke USN vs. healthy controls.

Methods:

Participants ( n = 45, n = 15 per group) performed goal-directed locomotion trials to actual, remembered and shifting targets located 7 m away at 0° and 15° right/left while immersed in a 3-D virtual environment.

Results:

Greater end-point mediolateral displacement and heading errors (end-point accuracy measures) were found for the actual and the remembered left and right targets among those with post-stroke USN compared to the two other groups ( p <  0.05). A delayed onset of reorientation to the left and right shifting targets was also observed in USN+ participants vs. the other two groups ( p <  0.05). Results on clinical near space USN assessment and walking speed explained only a third of the variance in goal-directed walking performance.

Conclusion:

Post-stroke USN was found to affect goal-directed locomotion in different perceptuo-cognitive conditions, both to contralesional and ipsilesional targets, demonstrating the presence of lateralized and non-lateralized deficits. Beyond neglect severity and walking capacity, other factors related to attention, executive functioning and higher-order visual perceptual abilities (e.g. optic flow perception) may account for the goal-directed walking deficits observed in post-stroke USN+. Goal-directed locomotion can be explored in the design of future VR-based evaluation and training tools for USN to improve the currently used conventional methods.
Longitudinal fMRI study of language recovery after a left hemispheric ischemic stroke
Authors: Nenert Rodolphe , Allendorfer Jane B. , Martin Amber M. , Banks Christi , Vannest Jennifer , Holland Scott K. , Hart Kimberly W. , Lindsell Christopher J. , Szaflarski Jerzy P.
Published: May 2018

Background:

Recovery from stroke-induced aphasia is typically protracted and involves complex functional reorganization. The relative contributions of the lesioned and non-lesioned hemispheres to this process have been examined in several cross-sectional studies but longitudinal studies involving several time-points and large numbers of subjects are scarce.

Objective:

The aim of this study was to address the gaps in the literature by longitudinally studying the evolution of post-stroke lateralization and localization of language-related fMRI activation in the first year after single left hemispheric ischemic stroke.

Method:

Seventeen patients with stroke-induced aphasia were enrolled to undergo detailed behavioral testing and fMRI at 2, 6, 12, 26, and 52 weeks post-stroke. Matched for age, handedness and sex participants were also enrolled to visualize canonical language regions.

Results:

Behavioral results showed improvements over time for all but one of the behavioral scores (Semantic Fluency Test). FMRI results showed that the left temporal area participates in compensation for language deficits in the first year after stroke, that there is a correlation between behavioral improvement and the left cerebellar activation over time, and that there is a shift towards stronger frontal left-lateralization of the fMRI activation over the first year post-stroke. Temporary compensation observed in the initial phases of post-stroke recovery that involves the non-lesioned hemisphere may not be as important as previously postulated, since in this study the recovery was driven by activations in the left fronto-temporal regions.

Conclusion:

Language recovery after left hemispheric ischemic stroke is likely driven by the previously involved in language and attention left hemispheric networks.
Shaping Europe's First Dance Craze – The Role of Napoleon's Grande Armée in the Dissemination of the Quadrille (1795–1815): Case Studies in Cultural Mobility from the Southern Netherlands
Authors: Vanistendael Cornelis
Published: May 2018

The first decade-and-a-half of the nineteenth century witnessed the unusually-speedy dissemination of a new dance, the quadrille, over a vast territory. The traditional channels of dissemination cannot account for this astonishing process. The circumstances of the Napoleonic wars disrupted the functioning of institutions, publishing and networks of patronage. This article proposes an alternative explanation for the rapid rise of the quadrille. It explores aspects of the military culture of Napoleon's army to account for the veritable dance ‘craze’ associated with the quadrille. During winter campaigns, French forces organized dance lessons on a massive scale. They encouraged peer-to-peer tutoring. Moreover, the organisation of Napoleon's army allowed the formation of networks that were unaffected by the social constraints acting on appropriation processes in civil society. The process is a fine demonstration of the concept of cultural mobility. Although the question of the dissemination of the waltz is of equal importance during the era under study, it will not be addressed here. The origins of the waltz lie in a more distant past and concern a different cultural sphere. The case of the quadrille is a broad European phenomenon. To get a hold on it, this article focuses on case studies from the Southern Netherlands and the principality of Liège, a territory which approximates to contemporary Belgium
‘An Absolutely Private Thing’: Letters in Kate O'Brien's The Land of Spices
Authors: Sullivan Kelly
Published: May 2018

Kate O'Brien's 1941 The Land of Spices navigates spatial and emotional gaps through a series of letters that punctuate the narrative and offer evidence of the inner life of protagonist Helen Archer. Yet these letters also interrupt our reading experience in crucial ways, forcing us to consider the risks inherent in public writing, and the value of privacy a letter affords. Letters signal to us two motivating factors in the novel: a claim to absolute individual privacy, and, related to that claim, the ethical imperative to acknowledge social and political pressures and to engage with historical events. Through epistolary transactions and a twinned bildungsromane structure, O'Brien emphasizes that privacy and free will cannot be intellectually removed from social and political engagement. The Land of Spices uses letters to comment on the role of literature at a time of crisis, and the responsibility of Ireland in Europe as the continent descends into World War.
‘The Devil Era’: The Presence of Éamon de Valera in Three Novels by Kate O'Brien
Authors: Roche Anthony
Published: May 2018

This essay argues that Kate O'Brien's novels set in a contemporary Ireland engage directly with the political and public character of that society. O'Brien focusses her critique on Eamon de Valera, Taoiseach from 1932 on. Pray for the Wanderer (1938) directly responds to the 1937 Constitution and its relegation of women to the home. The Last of Summer (1943) is set just before World War Two and takes critical measure of the political and cultural isolationism dominant in Ireland by the end of the 1930s. In O'Brien's historical novel That Lady (1946), King Philip II of Spain is a thinly veiled portrait of de Valera, aging and conservative, confining the spirited woman who challenges him to incarceration within her home.
Scottish Slave-owners in Suriname: 1651–1863
Authors: Alston David
Published: May 2018

This is an account of Scots in the Dutch colony of Suriname from 1651 until the emancipation of slaves in the Dutch Empire in 1863, when Scottish owners of slaves received nine per cent of the compensation paid to slave-owners in the colony by the Dutch Government. Before 1790 the small Scots presence in Suriname was a product of the outward looking nature of the Dutch Atlantic and the willingness of some Scots, most with with family, religious or military ties to the Netherlands, to seize the opportunities this offered. After 1790 the British presence in Suriname expanded, with a significant involvement of Highland Scots who came to work new plantations in the colony from the neighbouring British controlled colonies of Berbice and Demerara. After the emancipation of slaves in the British Empire in 1834, a number of these Scottish slave-owners campaigned against emancipation in the Dutch Empire. Despite buying and selling slaves in breach of British law, and despite public criticism, none of these British-based slave-owners were prosecuted. The article concludes with an examination of the legacies of this Scottish slave-ownership, both in Scotland and in Suriname.
Gray Wolf Optimization Algorithm for Multi-Constraints Second-Order Stochastic Dominance Portfolio Optimization
Authors: Ren Yixuan , Ye Tao , Huang Mengxing , Feng Siling
Published: May 2018

In the field of investment, how to construct a suitable portfolio based on historical data is still an important issue. The second-order stochastic dominant constraint is a branch of the stochastic dominant constraint theory. However, only considering the second-order stochastic dominant constraints does not conform to the investment environment under realistic conditions. Therefore, we added a series of constraints into basic portfolio optimization model, which reflect the realistic investment environment, such as skewness and kurtosis. In addition, we consider two kinds of risk measures: conditional value at risk and value at risk. Most important of all, in this paper, we introduce Gray Wolf Optimization (GWO) algorithm into portfolio optimization model, which simulates the gray wolf’s social hierarchy and predatory behavior. In the numerical experiments, we compare the GWO algorithm with Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm and Genetic Algorithm (GA). The experimental results show that GWO algorithm not only shows better optimization ability and optimization efficiency, but also the portfolio optimized by GWO algorithm has a better performance than FTSE100 index, which prove that GWO algorithm has a great potential in portfolio optimization.
Food Energy Availability from Agriculture at the Farm-Level in Southeastern Nigeria: Level, Composition and Determinants
Authors: Rahman Sanzidur , Chima Chidiebere Daniel
Published: May 2018

Among the four pillars of ‘food security’ (i.e., ‘food availability’, ‘food accessibility’, ‘food stability’ and ‘food utilization’), ‘food availability (FA)’ underpins the core concept because at the micro-level it is strongly related to the overall availability of food, which is determined by domestic food production, food imports and food aid. This paper examines the level of food energy availability (FEA) at the farm level, relationships between farm size and FEA and the determinants of FEA based on a survey of 400 households from Ebonyi and Anambra States of Southeastern Nigeria. FEA in this study refers to Partial Food Energy Availability (PFEA) because it excludes procurement of food from other sources, e.g., purchase from the market, borrow/exchange from others and/or receiving as food aid. Results show that the sample is dominated by small–scale farmers (81% of the total sample) owning land <1.00 ha. The average farm size is small (1.27 ha). Farmers grow multiple food crops. Sixty-eight percent of the farmers produced at least two food crops. Average PFEA is estimated at 4492.78 kcals/capita/day produced from one ha of land area. Approximately 30.92% of the total food produced is set aside for home consumption. Among the food crops, 40.70% of cassava output is set aside for home consumption while most of yam and rice are mainly destined for the market. Inverse farm size–PFEA relationship exists amongst the sampled farmers. The regression results reveal that subsistence pressure, profit motive and share of yam in total output significantly reduces PFEA whereas an increase in the share of cassava in total output significantly increases PFEA. A one percent increase in the share of cassava output will increase PFEA by 0.14%. A one percent increase in subsistence pressure will reduce PFEA by 0.98%. Farmers identified a lack of agricultural extension agents, farm inputs and basic infrastructures as the main constraints adversely affecting food production at the farm-level. Policy implications include investments targeted to improve cassava production and measure to reduce future family size by improved family planning to increase PFEA at the farm-level.