bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Balance assessment with decreased base of support for children with disabilities
Authors: Cesar Guilherme M. , Giebler Madison , Buster Thad W. , Burnfield Judith M.
Published: November 2024

Background: Children’s ability to achieve an appropriate motor development is largely associated with their capacity to control balance. Furthermore, accomplishing balance tasks with a narrowed base of support is a necessary precursor to engaging in everyday functional activities and developing more complex balance abilities.Purpose: To investigate the relationship between the tandem stance (TS) and the single-limb stance (SLS) items of the Pediatric Balance Scale (PBS) assessment tool with the PBS total score in children with impaired balance.Methods: Forty-two children (22 with neurological disabilities, 10.7±3.1 years; 20 typically developing [TD], 8.3±2.7 years) performed all 14 PBS items. Linear regressions separately determined the impact of TS and SLS on total PBS score in both groups. Bland-Altman plots expressed agreement between the balance measurements.Results: For children with disabilities, only the SLS entered the model, explaining 64.5% of the variance in total PBS score. A high level of agreement was observed between the SLS and total PBS scores. For TD children, only the TS entered the model, explaining 45.2% of the variance in the total PBS score. A high level of agreement was observed between the TS and total PBS scores.Conclusion: Our findings support the practical and efficient use of a single balance task to assess balance ability in children with disabilities.
Reef shark population declines on remote Pacific reefs: inferences from multiple methods in a data-limited fishery
Authors: Goodman MC , White TD , Kazdan JL , Bradley D , Shivji M , Casagrandi R , Mari L , Gatto M , Eurich JG , McCauley DJ , O’Connor RJ , De Leo GA , Micheli F
Published: November 2024

Small-scale fisheries are immensely important for the livelihoods, nutrition, and cultural identities of millions of people, but their impacts are less understood than those of industrial fisheries. On the island of Teraina in Kiribati’s Northern Line Islands, sharks have traditionally been harvested only occasionally for cultural purposes. At the turn of the century, growing access to international markets drove sharp increases in harvests, but the fishery remained small, comprising only 17 fishers in 2013, and a ban on commercial shark fishing and trade was implemented in 2016. To understand the possible impacts of this fishery, we interviewed each fisher, obtaining estimates of catch and effort as early as 1983 and validating these estimates with storehouse inventories. We combined these data with previously published tag-recapture data for grey reef sharks Carcharhinus amblyrhynchos at nearby Palmyra Atoll to inform a Bayesian production model for Teraina’s grey reef shark population. Our model suggests that a small number of fishers and motorized boats could plausibly have driven a significant reduction in grey reef shark abundance on surrounding reefs, declining by as much as 75% in as few as 15 yr. Recent ecological and social surveys confirm that shark populations in the Line Islands are likely severely depleted. These results highlight the vulnerability of sharks and other slow-growing marine megafauna to relatively modest small-scale fishing efforts. As few communities, even those that are relatively geographically isolated, remain disconnected from global trade networks, our research suggests a need for management and trade regulations at trans-national scales.
DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION OF PENSION PROVISION IN RUSSIA
Authors:   “Yur-VAK” Publishing house, Moscow, Russian Federation, CHISTYAKOV V.V. , YASTREBOVA E.V.
Published: November 2024

The article explores the issues of digital transformation of the pension system in the context of the existing tax system. The article presents additional ways to increase the level of well-being of pensioners, people with disabilities by attracting modern methods of digital analysis of the accumulated information of large databases. The article proposes the formation of legislative initiatives regulating additional measures to support pensioners and disabled people based on the concept of traditional family values. A set of measures for digital security and targeted financial assistance to low-income people has been proposed.
ADJUSTMENT OF TRENDS IN REGISTERED CRIME IN RUSSIA IN THE CONTEXT OF A SPECIAL MILITARY OPERATION AND COMBINED UNLAWFUL SANCTIONS OF THE COUNTRIES OF THE COLLECTIVE WEST (PRELIMINARY ESTIMATES)
Authors:   Institute for Study of Science of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, MAKSIMOV S.V. , VASIN YU.G. ,   Russian State Social University, Moscow, Russia, RUDAYA T.YU. ,   Rostov branch of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Russian University of Justice", Rostov-on-Don, Russia
Published: November 2024

The article examines changes in trends in registered crime that arose against the background of Russia's special military operation (SMO) and the use by the countries of the collective West of combined sanctions not provided for by international treaties (combined unlawful sanctions, CUS). Based on the analysis of indicators characterizing the results of the state response to crime registered in Russia over a long period, hypotheses are formulated about the main factors changing its trends in the latest conditions. Priority areas for strengthening law enforcement control over crime in the context of the SVO and CUS are identified. The need to recreate the criminological forecasting subsystem on new principles as part of the national system of socio-economic forecasting is substantiated.
COUNTERING EXTREMISM IN THE CONTEXT OF RUSSIA’S MIGRATION POLICY
Authors:   North Caucasus Institute for Advanced Studies (branch) of the Krasnodar University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, Nalchik, Russia, BEROVA JU.M. , GELYAKHOVA L.A.
Published: November 2024

Modern extremism is a complex and multifaceted phenomenon, which exists in various forms in almost all countries. The natural nature of extremism is associated with public reaction to social processes. The state pays close attention to the problems of the development of extremist manifestations. In recent years, the problems of the spread of extremist behavior among migrants have become significantly more relevant. In this regard, many discussions arise regarding the effectiveness of existing mechanisms of anti-extremist activity. The purpose of the presented study is to analyze current issues of combating extremism in the context of Russia's migration policy. Based on the analysis, it is concluded that in modern realities, taking into account migration processes in the context of improving anti-extremist activities is of particular importance, since, on the one hand, migrants are able to increase the risks of developing extremist manifestations on the territory of the Russian Federation, on the other hand, interethnic relations are transformed in one way or another within the framework of migration, which also affects the public perception of such phenomena as extremism. Attention is focused on certain promising areas for improving the existing mechanisms for combating extremism. The special importance of preventive and warning activities is noted, which can minimize both the negative perception of migration processes in Russian society as a whole and specifically influence the spread of extremist ideas and views among migrants.
SOCIAL EFFICIENCY OF SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED BUSINESSES IN THE CONTEXT OF SANCTIONS PRESSURE
Authors:   Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation, DENIKIN A.V. , RAZOV P.V. , ANDRUSHCHENKO A.L.
Published: November 2024

The article examines the social effectiveness of small and medium-sized businesses in the context of economic sanctions. The analysis of the impact of sanctions on the operational activities of small and medium-sized businesses is carried out, as well as the change in their social role during the period of sanctions pressure is considered. The study examined entrepreneurs’ perception of economic sanctions and adaptation strategies. A consumer survey was conducted to assess the changing social role of small and medium-sized businesses before and after the imposition of sanctions. Data on the dynamics of employment in the small and medium-sized business sector have been collected and analyzed.
FINANCIALLY COMPETENT BEHAVIOR OF RUSSIANS UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF SANCTIONS PRESSURE: RATES AND INDICATORS
Authors:   Institute of Humanitarian Technologies and Social Engineering, Moscow, Russian Federation, BORICHEVSKAYA E.I. ,   Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation
Published: November 2024

The purpose of the study. The article discusses indicators and indicators that influence the formation of financially literate behavior based on the results of empirical research in terms of determining the types of financially literate behavior of the population of the Russian Federation under sanctions pressure, within the framework of research “Effective tools for the formation of financially literate behavior of the population under sanctions pressure”. At the same time, the paper notes that financial literacy and, as a result, financial behavior plays a significant role in the lives of both individuals and the whole society. The changes in the economic environment and technological progress are analyzed and it is emphasized that the possession of financial knowledge and skills is a prerequisite for successful functioning in the modern world. As various sociological studies and departmental statistics show, today Russia is facing the challenges of low financial literacy and risky financial behavior, which, in turn, affects the quality of life of the population and, in particular, their income level. Conclusions. Based on the conducted research, indicators and indicators that determine the profiles of financial behavior of the population under the conditions of sanctions pressure have been identified. The author concludes that the skills that make it possible to effectively manage finances and make purposeful decisions are important not only for personal development, but also for the quality of life in changeable conditions. Financial literacy plays a huge role in modern conditions of development of society, especially during the sanctions pressure on the country. In the presence of sanctions, the economic situation becomes unstable, which requires special attention to its financial decisions.
PUBLIC PERCEPTION OF THE RISKS OF USING SMART TECHNOLOGIES IN THE DIGITAL MANAGEMENT OF A MODERN CITY
Authors:   Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation, GARAGANOV A.V.
Published: November 2024

The article provides a comprehensive analysis of current trends and concerns related to the implementation of AI in city government. Important issues are raised that require further study and solutions to ensure public confidence in smart technologies. AI, neural networks and the Internet of things are having an increasing impact on the management of urban spaces. Innovation opens up opportunities to improve the efficiency of city services, communities, optimize resources and improve the quality of life. However, IT implementation is also associated with certain risks that require study and expert assessment. Analysis of public perception of the risks associated with the use of intelligent technologies in the management of modern digital cities plays a key role in the adoption and further development of progressive technological initiatives, including the spaces of “smart” megacities. There has been a tendency towards the frequent use of AI and IT for urban management, which citizens note as an opportunity to improve the quality of life and optimize costs.
COMPLIANCE AND RUSSIAN LEGISLATION ON MISSIONARY ACTIVITY IN THE 19TH CENTURY
Authors:   Vladimir State University named after Alexander and Nikolay Stoletovs, Vladimir, Russian Federation, MARKOVA N.M.
Published: November 2024

The article is devoted to the issue of legal regulation of missionary activity in the Russian state in the 19th century. We study the problem of the attitude of the Russian government to non-Orthodox confessions through the prism of such categories as “missionary work”, “proselytism”, “freedom of religion”. The article analyzes the main legislative documents of the specified period of time, which restrict the actions of non-Orthodox confessions, first of all, missionary activity, despite the proclaimed freedom of conscience and religion. The author comes to the conclusion that all the actions of the Russian government in the specified period of time were aimed at maintaining limited compliance, based on maintaining the dominant position of the Russian Orthodox Church and preventing the spread of non-Orthodox beliefs within the Russian state.
POLITICAL AFTERTEXT IN LINE WITH MODERN POLITICAL PRACTICES
Authors:   Zhirinovsky University of World Civilizations, Moscow, Russian Federation, KRAVCHENKO V.V.
Published: November 2024

The purpose of the research is to establish in modern political culture the concept of “zatext” and its various types in order to effectively resist provocations and disinformation of political opponents, apply adequate political technologies, achieving their political goals. The article suggests using the interdisciplinary term “zatext” to consider political strategies that are dynamically developing in the context of transforming international relations. The results of the study show that the system of diplomatic and political discussions, statements and communications is currently changing dramatically: texts with a double bottom, essentially texts with overtones, are being replaced by direct speech, in which the accompanying overtones are immediately stated, clarifying the main theses without ambiguity and hints. Against the background of the unscrupulous use of fakes at various political levels by Western countries, Russian political leaders have chosen tactics and strategies of honesty, openness and direct debunking of unscrupulous machinations on the part of political opponents. Conclusions. Thus, a new political trend is being formed - to create a new world order, which is based on equal interactions between Russia and all sincere and constructive allies. A new political culture is also emerging, based on universal human values, the desire for universal peace and the co-evolutionary development of world civilizations.
FEATURES OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF MULTIPARTY REGIONAL SYSTEMS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Authors:   Moscow Financial and Industrial University “Synergy”, Moscow, Russian Federation, MAZHNIKOV V.I.
Published: November 2024

The article examines the peculiarities of the formation and development of multiparty system in the regions at the present stage of Russia’s political development. The article analyzes the processes of transformation of the Russian party system in the context of systematic changes in the mechanisms of legislative regulation of their party and political activities. The aim of the study is to determine the degree of influence of the regional party system on the exercise of political power in Russian regions. This is necessary to determine the main directions for improving the system of party legislation in the process of establishing a new political system. Conclusions. As a result of the conducted research, a number of unresolved contradictions in the formation and development of the modern Russian regional party system have been identified. These contradictions do not allow this type of party system to achieve the level of influence that would give them the opportunity to really and effectively participate in the current political process. It can be argued that the party systems that have developed today in the regions are lagging behind in their development in comparison with the all-Russian party system. The author concludes that in order to change the current situation, it is necessary to improve the quality of representation from political parties in regional and municipal authorities. In order for political parties in the regions to articulate the interests and needs of various social groups, they must have the necessary power resources in making decisions on the leadership and management of the region. One of such ways to increase the level of influence of the regional party system is, in the author’s opinion, the reform of party legislation in the direction of creating broader opportunities, both for creating parties of different political spectrum and for increasing their power capabilities.
CONCEPTUAL FOUNDATIONS OF THE POLICY OF VOLUNTARY RESETTLEMENT OF COMPATRIOTS AT THE PRESENT STAGE OF DEVELOPMENT OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Authors:   Federal Center of Theoretical and Applied Sociology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation, ILYICHEVA L.E. , SKUTINA S.G. ,   Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: November 2024

The study examines the conceptual political and legal foundations for the formation and implementation of state policy on the voluntary resettlement of compatriots. One of the main tasks of this direction of state policy at the present stage is the return and attraction to the state of persons in demand by the economy and ready for faster integration into the host society, which actualizes the need to develop resettlement programs not only for potential compatriots currently living in the territories of post-Soviet states or states of Western Europe, the USA and Canada, but also , the creation of mechanisms for the resettlement of foreigners who are not included in the category of “compatriot”, but nevertheless, ready to integrate into Russian society, having a similar cultural code. The theoretical and methodological basis of the research is formed in the paradigm of understanding the state policy on the voluntary resettlement of compatriots as an integral part of the migration policy of the state, which determines the use of approaches characteristic of various disciplines to the study of migration as an interdisciplinary phenomenon. Institutional and comparative approaches were used as the main approaches to scientific research adopted at the level of classical political science. Induction, deduction, analysis and synthesis are also reflected in the study. In the article, the state policy of voluntary resettlement of compatriots from abroad is considered from the point of view of solving the strategic tasks of the state in terms of increasing human capital, solving demographic problems and spatial development. The development of effective appropriate solutions in the analyzed area is the result not only of the application of a formal legal approach typical for the adjustment of migration legislation, but also of comparative studies involving the selection and co-optation of the most successful resettlement practices of foreign countries. At the same time, the narratives of the “Russian World” as a source of formation of a new civic community become the ideological concept of a new approach to the repatriation of persons of these categories.
IDEOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF RUSSIA’S FOREIGN POLICY IN SOUTHEAST ASIA
Authors:   Western branch of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Kaliningrad, Russian Federation, BURDEYNY V.V.
Published: November 2024

After the collapse of the Soviet Union, foreign policy relations with the countries of Southeast Asia entered a state of crisis, which affected economic, political and cultural ties. The repeated visits of representatives of the Russian leadership are an indicator of the attention that the Russian leadership pays to issues of development and cooperation with the countries of the region. Since the creation of independent states in Southeast Asia, the ideological basis of the emerging cooperation, conventionally called at that time “the export of socialism”, has been important. The article attempts to consider the historical prerequisites that determined the nature of domestic foreign policy in Southeast Asia from the perspective of ideological aspects of foreign policy. Among the main ideological aspects of foreign policy today, the most relevant are ensuring multipolarity, mutual respect for sovereignty and observance of the basic principles of security of international cooperation, ensured by mutual initiatives aimed at reducing armaments, expanding demilitarization zones, and integrating the economies of the countries of the Southeast Asian region into the world. The author concludes that the modern content of cooperation based on mutual respect, the progressive development of cooperation in all areas, and strategic interaction will allow relations with the countries of the region to develop steadily in the future.
FAMILY LAW AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF CHILDREN
Authors:   Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation, NESMEIANOVA I.A.
Published: November 2024

The purpose of writing this article was the absence in family law of a section on the responsibilities of minors in family legal relations, despite the fact that the main principles of family law proclaimed in Article 1 of the Family Code of the Russian Federation, namely: building relationships in the family on “mutual assistance and responsibility to the family of all its members” do not indicate children as subjects deprived of any responsibilities to other family members. Currently, in family law, the rights and interests of minor children have absolute priority; it is believed that family responsibilities can arise only after children reach adulthood. Meanwhile, in other areas of law, the legislator takes a different position, assigning minors certain responsibilities that are feasible for their age and consciousness and provides for adequate responsibility. The article presents legislative norms on the responsibilities of children, considers the opinions of scientists on the duties and responsibilities of children, and proposes a classification of the responsibilities of minors. Based on the articles of specialists, a conclusion was made about the possibility of fixing the responsibilities of children and other family members in the family constitution or some other family document that is not provided for by current legislation or is not of a legal nature. It is proposed to consolidate the responsibilities of children in the Family Code of the Russian Federation. It is emphasized that the issue of children’s responsibilities is complex and debatable.
Impacto Psicosocial del Sexting Temprano No Consensuado: Un Análisis Comparativo entre Colombia, México, Brasil y España
Authors: Peñalosa Moncaleano Andrea Fernanda
Published: November 2024

El sexting no consensuado, definido como la distribución de contenido sexual explícito sin el consentimiento de la persona involucrada, representa una creciente preocupación global debido a sus severas implicaciones psicológicas y sociales, especialmente en adolescentes. Aquellos involucrados en esta práctica suelen buscar sensaciones y asumir riesgos, influenciados por la inmadurez emocional y la presión de pares. La exposición a las redes sociales y consumir pornografía intensifica estos comportamientos, normalizando prácticas que pueden tener consecuencias negativas. Este estudio ofrece un análisis comparativo del impacto psicosocial del sexting no consensuado en adolescentes de Brasil, México, Colombia y España. A través de una revisión sistemática de la literatura, se identificaron las características comportamentales, los factores de riesgo y los factores protectores asociados a esta práctica en los diferentes contextos culturales. Los hallazgos indican similitudes significativas en los comportamientos de riesgo y las consecuencias psicológicas, como ansiedad, depresión y aislamiento social, pero también revelan diferencias importantes influenciadas por factores culturales y contextuales. España se destaca por la implementación efectiva de programas educativos y políticas preventivas, mientras que Brasil, México y Colombia muestran una necesidad urgente de fortalecer sus estrategias de prevención y protección.
A preliminary study on the interaction between Meloidogyne incognita and some strains of Pseudomonas spp. on growth performance of tomato under greenhouse conditions
Authors: Ayub Hafiz Muhammad , Fatima Noor , Akram Muhammad , Mehak Asma , Ajmal Maryam , Ilyas Iqra , Seerat Wajiha , Tatar Muhammed , Ali Amjad , Sarwar Rabia , Abbasi Maria , Rahman Atiqa , Batool Aqsa , Ishaq Muhammad , Ali Md. Arshad
Published: November 2024

The present study investigated the biological management of root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) in tomato plants using different strains of Pseudomonas spp. The experiment involved five treatments: a healthy control (T1), a nematode-inoculated control (T2), Pseudomonas fluorescens strain A (T3), P. fluorescens strain B (T4), and P. putida (T5). The results demonstrated significant differences in plant growth and root gall formation across treatments. The healthy control exhibited an average plant height of 12 cm and weight of 11 g. Nematode inoculation slightly reduced growth, with plants averaging 11 cm in height and 10 g in weight. Treatment with P. fluorescens strain A resulted in the highest growth, with plants reaching 13 cm in height and 12 g in weight. P. fluorescens strain B and P. putida treatments produced plants with average heights of 12 cm and 12.5 cm, and weights of 11 g and 10 g, respectively. Leaf and flower counts also varied, with T3, T4, and T5 treatments increasing leaf counts to 26, 40, and 33, respectively, compared to 15 in the nematode-inoculated control. The application of P. fluorescens strains A and B significantly reduced root galls to 8 and 15, respectively, compared to 29 in T2. P. putida treatment resulted in 21 root galls. These findings highlight the potential of Pseudomonas spp., especially P. fluorescens strains, in managing nematode infestation in tomato plants. Future studies should explore the mechanisms behind these microbial interactions and their long-term effects on plant health and yield.
Studying the quantitative heterogeneity between two populations of Culex pipiens in two Iraqi provinces
Authors: Okail Riyadh Ali , Kathier Sahar Abd , Kathiar Soolaf Abud
Published: November 2024

The objective of this study was to investigate the quantitative heterogeneity between two populations of Culex pipiens (a mosquito species) and understand the underlying reasons for this variability. The study focused on two specific areas viz. Diyala and Alnajaf. To achieve this, the Geometric Morphometric Technique was employed using C. pipiens female wings. The principal components of the wings were analyzed, the central size of each female wing was calculated, and samples from both populations were compared using discriminant analysis based on wing size. The statistical analysis, including T-tests, revealed no statistically significant differences in the central wing size between the two studied areas. Additionally, an ANOVA analysis indicated that there were no significant differences in wing shape and size among the female insects from Diyala and Alnajaf. In summary, the study found that the central wing size and wing characteristics of female C. pipiens mosquitoes were similar across the Diyala and Alnajaf regions.
Assessing leaf rust resistance in Pakistani wheat landraces and its impact on grain yield
Authors: Soomro Sarfaraz , Samoo Muhammad Siddique , Jamali Abdul Rauf , Channa Ghulam Sarwar
Published: November 2024

Leaf rust, caused by the fungus Puccinia triticina, is the most widespread rust disease in wheat, involving two hosts: common wheat as the primary host and specific plants like Thalictrum speciosissimum or Isopyrum fumaroides as alternate hosts. The present study investigated the crucial interplay between leaf rust resistance and grain yield in 10 Pakistani wheat landraces. By employing comprehensive assessments, including field trials and molecular analyses, the research sheds light on the resistance mechanisms within these landraces. Moreover, it examines the direct correlation between leaf rust resistance levels and the resultant grain yield, unraveling critical insights into the potential enhancement of wheat cultivars amidst the escalating challenges posed by this devastating disease. The findings hold promise for optimizing agricultural strategies, ensuring sustainable wheat production, and safeguarding global food security. The study focused on 10 bread wheat landraces, examining traits crucial for high-yielding varieties. Traits such as days to heading, days to maturity, grain filling period, flag leaf area, peduncle length, spike length, grains per spike, as well as measurements like 10-grain width, 10-grain length, and 100-grain weight were recorded. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) for these ten genotypes highlighted significant differences (P0.05 and P ≤ 0.01) across all traits.
Field evaluation of plant oil formulations as potential control measures against the cotton mealybug (Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley)
Authors: Lashari Aneeta , Solangi Bhai Khan , Solangi Abdul Waheed , Fatima Kaneez , Rind Sajjad Hussain , Rahimoon Muhammad Yousif , Dhiloo Khalid Hussain
Published: November 2024

The cotton crop is heavily infested by various insect pests, including Phenacoccus solenopsis. Antagonistic plants offer an alternative source of insect biocontrol agents because they contain various bioactive materials, many of which are selective or have no adverse effects on non-target organisms or the environment, unlike synthetic insecticides. Therefore, three locally available plant oils were tested to evaluate their efficacy in reducing P. solenopsis in cotton fields. Statistical analysis showed a highly significant difference (DF = 3, 23; F = 194.42; P = 0.0000) for the reduction of the P. solenopsis population. After the first spray, the highest overall mean reduction of P. solenopsis (61.26±10.69%) was recorded in the cotton plot sprayed with neem oil, followed by castor oil (50.11±10.94%) and mustard oil (38.30±8.39%). After the second spray, the highest overall mean reduction of P. solenopsis (70.01±9.26%) was again observed with neem oil, followed by castor oil (50.51±8.90%) and mustard oil (40.06±8.74%). Furthermore, results concluded that neem oil achieved the highest reduction of P. solenopsis population (84.45%) on the third day, with an overall reduction of 65.64±9.94%. The second-highest reduction (68.96%) with an overall reduction of 50.31±9.9% was recorded in the plot sprayed with castor oil, followed by mustard oil, which reduced the population by 54.05% with an overall reduction of 39.18±8.55%. The results also indicate that the efficacy of neem oil remained effective until the third day after spraying, while on the seventh day, the P. solenopsis population began to increase gradually.
Biology, ecology and integrated management of avocado root rot (Phytophthora cinnamomi) in Ethiopia: a review
Authors: Mohammednur Taju
Published: November 2024

Avocado is an economically important crop in Ethiopia, yet its production and productivity are significantly impacted by both biotic and abiotic factors. Among the biotic threats, avocado root rot caused by Phytophthora cinnamomi stands out as a particularly destructive pathogen, inflicting considerable damage to avocado plants. This paper reviews integrated pest management strategies for combating avocado root rot in Ethiopia. P. cinnamomi thrives in warm, moist conditions, with damage intensifying during the summer when plants are stressed by drought. Locally, the pathogen can spread through soil splash, wind-blown debris, and water runoff. Effective management involves using soil amendments such as organic mulches and gypsum to improve soil structure and drainage, reduce salt levels, and enhance the soil’s natural resistance to the pathogen. Comprehensive control measures are essential for managing avocado root rot, including selecting disease-free sites and nursery plants, applying soil amendments, ensuring proper irrigation, using resistant varieties, and adopting suitable cultural practices. Integrated Pest Management, which incorporates multiple pest control strategies, is critical for minimizing damage and effectively managing avocado root rot. Currently, local landrace avocado varieties in Ethiopia show no resistance to P. cinnamomi. Therefore, it is crucial to screen existing local landraces and replace them with resistant varieties to achieve higher yields and better quality.
A decade of shaking in the Garden City: the dynamics of preparedness, perceptions, and beliefs in Canterbury, New Zealand, and implications for earthquake information
Authors: Becker Julia S. , Vinnell Lauren J. , Doyle Emma E. H. , McBride Sara K. , Paton Douglas , Johnston David M.
Published: November 2024

Introduction

This study explored earthquake preparedness over time—before, during, and 10 years after the Canterbury Earthquake Sequence (CES) in New Zealand (NZ; known as Aotearoa in te ao Māori).

Method

Surveys of Canterbury residents were conducted in 2009, 2013, and 2021, using variables derived from Community Engagement Theory (CET). The surveys measured earthquake perceptions and beliefs, participation and engagement, and preparedness actions. Results were compared across the three samples.

Results

Findings indicate that perceptions and beliefs (e.g., risk perception, outcome expectancy beliefs), and types of preparedness actions taken (e.g., collection of survival items, structural preparedness, community and/or agency relationships), differed over time, depending on people's experiences before, during, and after the CES. For example, during and after the CES, people were more likely to believe that preparing provided a benefit to daily life, but less likely to think it could reduce property damage, perhaps due to people's experiences of disruption and damage during the earthquakes.

Discussion

An understanding of such dynamics can assist with the provision and timing of risk and preparedness information. This study highlights the importance of providing applicable and actionable preparedness information, that is relevant to people's experiences, throughout an earthquake sequence. Such information might evolve and change in focus over time depending on risks and needs. Focus could also be given to information that builds peoples beliefs and capacities to undertake preparedness in evolving situations. Understanding preparedness in the context of different experiences and timeframes is useful in helping update models such as the CET, where the dynamics of time might be better incorporated.
Is news consumption related to abortion attitudes? An exploratory study with a nationally representative sample of US adults
Authors: Mena-Meléndez Lucrecia , Crawford Brandon L. , Valdez Danny , LaRoche Kathryn J. , Turner Ronna C. , Jozkowski Kristen N.
Published: November 2024

The news is an efficient way to share information and plays an important role in shaping and reflecting cultural values and norms. However, research examining news consumption and abortion attitudes is limited. In this exploratory study, we analyzed data from a nationally representative sample of 886 US adults to assess whether self-reported frequency of news consumption—by news format (e.g., television, radio, newspaper, social media), news leaning (i.e., liberal, neutral, conservative), and total sum (i.e., total amount of consumption across leanings)—predicted abortion attitudes and complexity in attitudes. We conducted Poisson and negative binomial regression analyses controlling for demographic variables. We found that gender, political affiliation, Bible literalism, educational attainment, and abortion identity were significant predictors. While we did not observe a relationship between news format and abortion attitudes, we did find that the associations between news leaning and the total sum of news consumed varied across abortion identity. Our findings suggest that attitudes toward abortion may be differentially influenced by partisan news across abortion identity. After Dobbs v. Jackson, there is a need for advocates to tailor strategies to different sub-groups, promote media literacy, and encourage the use of diverse and balanced news sources to foster more informed views on abortion.
Targeting aerosol delivery to regions of nasal-associated lymphoid tissue (NALT) in three dimensional models of human intranasal airways using the BiVax intranasal atomizer
Authors: Laube Beth L. , Kesavan Jana , Farias Gonçalo , Karavas Nektaria , Blondel Mathilde , Suman Julie
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Well-organized nasal-associated lymphoid tissue (NALT) has been identified in the pharyngeal and tubal tonsils of both adults and children, and diffuse NALT has been identified in the superior, middle and inferior turbinate regions of children. However, it is not clear how to target these NALT sites with aerosolized vaccines. We explored whether head position and/or angle and distance of device insertion could be used to target fluorescein aerosol to NALT sites in three-dimensional printed models of the intranasal airways of an 18- and a 5-year-old (yo).

Methods

Three head positions (upright [Up], tilted back 45° [45] and supine [Su]), two angles of insertion (30° and 45°) and two distances of insertion (6 mm and 9 mm) were tested. Fluorescein aerosol was generated by an Aptar Pharma BiVax 200 µL intranasal atomizer. Percent fluorescein deposition was quantified in the anterior nose, the upper horizontal third of the model (superior turbinate region), middle third (middle turbinate), lower third (inferior turbinate and nasopharynx combined) and exit filter.

Results

Mean percent deposition in both models was <0.5% in the upper third and on the exit filter for all test conditions. A multivariate analysis showed that deposition in either model was unaffected by the angles of insertion and distances of insertion. However, middle third deposition was significantly higher in the 5-yo than in the 18-yo (p = 0.01) and anterior nose deposition was higher in the 18-yo than in the 5-yo (p < 0.01). When data from both models were combined, middle third deposition was highest in the supine position with Up < 45 < Su (p < 0.01) and lower third deposition was highest in the upright position with Up > 45 > Su (p = 0.03).

Discussion

These results suggest that, in individuals with similar nasal airway dimensions as our models: 1) supine and upright head positions might be used to target delivery of aerosolized vaccines generated by the BiVax intranasal atomizer to NALT sites in the middle turbinate and the inferior turbinate and nasopharynx combined, respectively; 2) delivery to the middle turbinate may be higher in children ≤5-yo; and 3) deposition in the anterior nose may be higher in adults, for all head positions. In vivo tests are needed to confirm these findings.
Recent progress in atmospheric modeling over the Andes – part I: review of atmospheric processes
Authors: Martinez J. A. , Junquas C. , Bozkurt D. , Viale M. , Fita L. , Trachte K. , Campozano L. , Arias P. A. , Boisier J. P. , Condom T. , Goubanova K. , Pabón-Caicedo J. D. , Poveda G. , Solman S. A. , Sörensson A. A. , Espinoza J. C.
Published: November 2024

The Andes is the longest mountain range in the world, stretching from tropical South America to austral Patagonia (12°N-55°S). Along with the climate differences associated with latitude, the Andean region also features contrasting slopes and elevations, reaching altitudes of more than 4,000 m. a.s.l., in a relatively narrow crosswise section, and hosts diverse ecosystems and human settlements. This complex landscape poses a great challenge to weather and climate simulations. The interaction of the topography with the large-scale atmospheric motions controls meteorological phenomena at scales of a few kilometers, often inadequately represented in global (grid spacing ∼200–50 km) and regional (∼50–25 km) climate simulations previously studied for the Andes. These simulations typically exhibit large biases in precipitation, wind and near-surface temperature over the Andes, and they are not suited to represent strong gradients associated with the regional processes. In recent years (∼2010–2024), a number of modeling studies, including convection permitting simulations, have contributed to our understanding of the characteristics and distribution of a variety of systems and processes along the Andes, including orographic precipitation, precipitation hotspots, mountain circulations, gravity waves, among others. This is Part I of a two-part review about atmospheric modeling over the Andes. In Part I we review the current strengths and limitations of numerical modeling in simulating key atmospheric-orographic processes for the weather and climate of the Andean region, including low-level jets, downslope winds, gravity waves, and orographic precipitation, among others. In Part II, we review how climate models simulate surface-atmosphere interactions and hydroclimate processes in the Andes Cordillera to offer information on projections for land-cover/land-use change or climate change. With a focus on the hydroclimate, we also address some of the main challenges in numerical modeling for the region.
Heterogeneous marine environments diversify microbial-driven polymetallic nodule formation in the South China Sea
Authors: Lai Mingyan , Liu Qian , Wang Xiaogu , Sun Dong , Ran Lihua , Li Xiaohu , Yang Chenghao , Lu Bo , Xu Xue-Wei , Wang Chun-Sheng
Published: November 2024

Most studies on the genesis of polymetallic nodules suggested that nodules in the South China Sea (SCS) are hydrogenetic; however, the complexity and the heterogeneity in hydrology and geochemistry of the SCS might cause different processes of nodule formation, impacting their application and economic value. Microbial-mediated ferromanganese deposition is an important process in nodule formation, but the related microbial potentials are still unclear in the SCS. In this study, we sampled in three typical regions (A, B, and C) of the SCS enriched with polymetallic nodules. Firstly, we investigated environmental and microbial characteristics of the water columns to determine the heterogeneity of upper seawater that directly influenced deep-sea environments. Then, microbial compositions and structures in sediment cores, overlying waters, and nodules (inside and outside) collected within the same region were analyzed for inferring features of nodule environments. Microbial interactions between nodules and surrounding environments were estimated with collinear network analysis. The microbial evidence indicated that geochemical characteristics in deep sea of the SCS that were key to the polymetallic nodule formation were severely affected by organic matter flux from upper water column. The sediment in region A was sub-oxic due to the large input of terrigenous and phytoplankton-derived organic matter, potentially enhancing the overflow of reduced metals from the porewater. The intense microbial interaction between nodules and surface sediment reinforced the origin of metals for the ferromanganese deposition from the sediment (diagenetic type). Contrarily, the sediments in regions B and C were relatively rich in oxygen, and metal ions could be majorly supplied from seawater (hydrogenetic type). The large discrepancy in microbial communities between nodule inside and remaining samples suggested that nodules experienced a long-term formation process, consistent with the feature of hydrogenetic nodules. Overall, distributions and interactions of microbial communities in nodules and surrounding environments significantly contributed to the nodule formation in the SCS by manipulating biogeochemical processes that eventually determined the source and the fate of metal ions.
Factors influencing the adoption of circular economy practices in polish seaports: an analysis of determinants and challenges
Authors: Czermański Ernest , Kotowska Izabela , Oniszczuk-Jastrząbek Aneta , Pluciński Michał , Szaruga Elżbieta
Published: November 2024

The purpose of the article is to fill the research gap in identifying and prioritizing the factors that determine the choice of a port for handling circular supply chains (CSC). To this end, Polish seaports handling CSC cargo with an average turnover of at least 100,000 tons in the last 10 years were analyzed. The authors analyzed CSC cargo occurring in seaports, in two stages, both in terms of quantity and quality. The first stage involved an analysis of the literature and the European Commission’s programs on the development of the Circular Economy (CE), followed by an analysis of the relationship between the size of the port, measured by the average volume of cargo handled at the studied port, and the average share of CSC cargo in total cargo handling. On the other hand, in the second stage, based on face-to-face interviews, the factors that determine the choice of a particular port for handling CSC cargo were extracted. The study revealed a significant relationship between port size and the share of CSC cargo in total cargo handling. Furthermore, the research identified and prioritized key factors influencing the choice of ports for CSC, providing valuable insights for port authorities and policymakers. These findings can serve as a foundation for further academic research aimed at optimizing port operations within circular supply chains and advancing the theoretical framework of circular economy logistics. Port authorities and businesses can leverage these insights to enhance strategic decision-making, improve operational efficiency, and strengthen their competitive advantage in the circular economy landscape.
A nomogram model to predict recurrence of early-onset endometrial cancer after resection based on clinical parameters and immunohistochemical markers: a multi-institutional study
Authors: Zheng Yunfeng , Shen Qingyu , Yang Fan , Wang Jinyu , Zhou Qian , Hu Ran , Jiang Peng , Yuan Rui
Published: November 2024

Objective

This study aimed to investigate the prognosis value of the clinical parameters and immunohistochemical markers of patients with early-onset endometrial cancer (EC) and establish a nomogram to accurately predict recurrence-free survival (RFS) of early-onset EC after resection.

Methods

A training dataset containing 458 patients and an independent testing dataset consisting of 170 patients were employed in this retrospective study. The independent risk factors related to RFS were confirmed using Cox regression models. A nomogram model was established to predict RFS at 3 and 5 years post-hysterectomy. The C-index, area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, and calibration curve were calculated to assess the predictive accuracy of the nomogram.

Results

In all early-onset EC patients, more than half (368/628, 58.6%) were diagnosed in the age range of 45-49 years. Meanwhile, the recurrence rate of early-onset EC is approximately 10.8%. Multivariate Cox regression analyses showed that histological subtype, FIGO stage, myometrial invasion, lymphovascular space invasion (LVSI), P53 expression, and MMR status were independent prognostic factors related to RFS (all P < 0.05) and established the nomogram predicting 3- and 5-year RFS. The C-index and calibration curves of the nomogram demonstrated a close correlation between predicted and actual RFS. Patients were divided into high- and low-risk groups according to the model of RFS.

Conclusions

Combining clinical parameters and immunohistochemical markers, we developed a robust nomogram to predict RFS after surgery for early-onset EC patients. This nomogram can predict prognosis well and guide treatment decisions.