bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HIV Comorbidities—Pay Attention to Hypertension Amid Changing Guidelines: An Analysis of Texas Medical Monitoring Project Data
Authors: Hyde Jessica R , Sears Sabeena C , Buendia Justin R , Odem Sylvia L , Vaaler Margaret L , Mgbere Osaro O
Published: May 2019

BACKGROUND

Hypertension is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular disease, a leading cause of death among people living with HIV (PLWH). Studies suggest that hypertension prevalence among PLWH is high, yet none assess how the 2017 redefinition of hypertension as ≥130/80 rather than the previous standard of ≥140/90 mm Hg will affect prevalence among PLWH. This study addresses this gap.

METHODS

We examined medical record abstractions of 957 PLWH in Texas from the 2013–2014 Medical Monitoring Project survey. Participants with hypertension were identified by charted diagnosis, antihypertensive medication use, or blood pressure readings ≥140/90 and ≥130/80 mm Hg. Associations with sociodemographic and clinical variables were assessed using Rao–Scott chi-square tests, and odds of having hypertension were calculated using multivariable logistic regression models while adjusting for several demographic and HIV-related variables.

RESULTS

The 2017 redefinition of hypertension increased prevalence in the sample by 44.3%, from 47.6% to 68.7%. Age group, body mass index, sex, and race remained significantly associated with hypertension (all P < 0.01). Although prevalence was near equal between males and females at ≥140/90 mm Hg (47.4% and 48.5%, respectively), males were 2.36 times more likely to have hypertension than females (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.55–3.60) at ≥130/80 mm Hg. Prevalence remained comparable between white (73.3%) and black participants (72.9%).

CONCLUSIONS

This study shows that hypertension prevalence is remarkably high among PLWH and is further increased by updated guidelines. Barriers to hypertension control in the HIV care setting should be identified and addressed to facilitate continued improvement in the quality and length of life for PLWH.
Tramadol, Methadone and Benzodiazepines added to Alcoholic Beverages
Authors: Ghadirzadeh Mohammad Reza , Nazari Seyed Saeed Hashemi , Mirtorabi Davood , Fattahi Akbar
Published: May 2019

Aims

To search for pharmaceutical additives in illicit alcoholic beverages referred to the laboratory of Legal Medicine Organization in Iran in 2017.

Methods

Hundred beverages were sampled. Ethanol content was determined by gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (GC–FID) and then a liquid-liquid extraction combined with reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography equipped with a photodiode array detector (PAD) was employed for the qualitative analysis. The analysis was confirmed using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectroscopy (GC/MS).

Results

In 15% either one or more of the following were detected: tramadol, methadone, diazepam, oxazepam, flurazepam and alprazolam. Tramadol was found with highest frequency.

Conclusions

The wide availability of addictive pharmaceutical is leading to fortification of alcoholic beverages on some countries. The addition of such depressant additives should be better known because of the potentially fatal consequences of the combination with ethanol, as well as the potential for adverse effects on behavior.
MyelinJ: an ImageJ macro for high throughput analysis of myelinating cultures
Authors: Whitehead Michael J , McCanney George A , Willison Hugh J , Barnett Susan C
Published: May 2019

MyelinJ is a free user friendly ImageJ macro for high throughput analysis of fluorescent micrographs such as 2D-myelinating cultures and statistical analysis using R. MyelinJ can analyse single images or complex experiments with multiple conditions, where the ggpubr package in R is automatically used for statistical analysis and the production of publication quality graphs. The main outputs are percentage (%) neurite density and % myelination. % neurite density is calculated using the normalize local contrast algorithm, followed by thresholding, to adjust for differences in intensity. For % myelination the myelin sheaths are selected using the Frangi vesselness algorithm, in conjunction with a grey scale morphology filter and the removal of cell bodies using a high intensity mask. MyelinJ uses a simple graphical user interface and user name system for reproducibility and sharing that will be useful to the wider scientific community that study 2D-myelination in vitro.

Availability and implementation

MyelinJ is freely available at https://github.com/BarnettLab/MyelinJ. For statistical analysis the freely available R and the ggpubr package are also required. MyelinJ has a user guide (Supplementary Material) and has been tested on both Windows (Windows 10) and Mac (High Sierra) operating systems.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Supplemental estrogen and caloric restriction reduce obesity-induced periprostatic white adipose inflammation in mice
Authors: Bhardwaj Priya , Ikeda Takahiro , Zhou Xi Kathy , Wang Hanhan , Zheng Xi Emily , Giri Dilip D , Elemento Olivier , Verma Akanksha , Miyazawa Miki , Mukherjee Sushmita , Falcone Domenick J , Wendel Nils K , Scherr Douglas S , Dannenberg Andrew J
Published: May 2019

Obesity is associated with an increased incidence of high-grade prostate cancer (PC) and worse prognosis for PC patients. Recently, we showed in men that obesity-related periprostatic white adipose tissue (WAT) inflammation, characterized by macrophages surrounding dead or dying adipocytes forming crown-like structures, was associated with high-grade PC. Possibly, interventions that suppress periprostatic WAT inflammation will improve outcomes for men with PC. Here, we tested the hypothesis that supplemental 17β-estradiol (E2) could decrease periprostatic WAT inflammation in obese male mice. Mice were fed a high-fat diet to induce periprostatic WAT inflammation before being treated with supplemental E2. E2 supplementation suppressed caloric intake, induced weight loss, decreased periprostatic WAT inflammation and downregulated the expression of genes linked to inflammation including Cd68, Mcp1 and Tnf. Similar to the effects of E2 supplementation, treatment with diethylstilbestrol, a synthetic estrogen, also suppressed caloric intake and reduced periprostatic WAT inflammation. To determine whether the observed effects of supplemental estrogen could be reproduced by caloric restriction (CR) alone, obese mice were put on a 30% CR diet. Like estrogen treatment, CR was effective in reducing body weight, periprostatic WAT inflammation and the expression of pro-inflammatory genes. Transcriptomic analyses of periprostatic fat showed that obesity was associated with enrichment in inflammatory response pathways, which were normalized by both supplemental E2 and CR. Taken together, these findings strengthen the rationale for future efforts to determine whether either CR or supplemental estrogen will decrease periprostatic WAT inflammation and thereby improve outcomes for men with PC.
Blind chemical tagging with DBSCAN: prospects for spectroscopic surveys
Authors: Price-Jones Natalie , Bovy Jo
Published: May 2019

Chemical tagging has great promise as a technique to unveil our Galaxy’s history. Grouping stars based on their similar chemistry can establish details of the star formation and merger history of the Milky Way. With precise measurements of stellar chemistry, chemical tagging may be able to group together stars born from the same gas cloud, regardless of their current positions and kinematics. Successfully tagging these birth clusters requires high-quality chemical space information and a good cluster-finding algorithm. To test the feasibility of chemical tagging on data from current and upcoming spectroscopic surveys, we construct a realistic set of synthetic clusters, creating both observed spectra and derived chemical abundances for each star. We use Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise (DBSCAN) to group stars based on their spectra or abundances; these groups are matched to input clusters and are found to be highly homogeneous and complete. The percentage of clusters with more than 10 members recovered is 40 per cent when tagging on abundances with uncertainties achievable with current techniques. Based on our fiducial model for the Milky Way, we predict recovering over 600 clusters with at least 10 observed members and 70 per cent membership homogeneity in a sample similar to the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment survey. Tagging larger surveys like the GALAH survey and the future Milky Way Mapper in Sloan Digital Sky Survey V could recover tens of thousands of clusters at high homogeneity. Access to so many unique co-eval clusters will transform how we understand the star formation history and chemical evolution of our Galaxy.
Periprosthetic Joint Infections as a Consequence of Bacteremia
Authors: Honkanen Meeri , Jämsen Esa , Karppelin Matti , Huttunen Reetta , Eskelinen Antti , Syrjänen Jaana
Published: May 2019

Background

The risk for developing a periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) during bacteremia is unclear, except for Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia. The aim of this study was to examine the risk for developing a PJI during bacteremia and to identify possible risk factors leading to it.

Methods

Patients with a primary knee or hip joint replacement performed in a tertiary care hospital between September 2002 and December 2013 were identified (n = 14 378) and followed up until December 2014. Positive blood culture results during the study period and PJIs were recorded. PJIs associated with an episode of bacteremia were identified and confirmed from patient records. Potential risk factors for PJI among those with bacteremia were examined using univariate logistic regression.

Results

A total of 542 (3.8%) patients had at least 1 episode of bacteremia. Seven percent (47/643) of the bacteremias resulted in a PJI. Development of a PJI was most common for Staphylococcus aureus (21% of bacteremias led to a PJI) and beta-hemolytic streptococci (21%), whereas it was rare for gram-negative bacteria (1.3%). Having ≥2 bacteremias during the study period increased the risk for developing a PJI (odds ratio, 2.29; 95% confidence interval, 1.17–4.50). The risk for developing a PJI was highest for bacteremias occurring within a year of previous surgery. Chronic comorbidities did not affect the risk for PJI during bacteremia.

Conclusions

The development of a PJI during bacteremia depends on the pathogen causing the bacteremia and the timing of bacteremia with respect to previous joint replacement surgery. However, significant patient-related risk factors for PJI during bacteremia could not be found.
Moral Certitude: Merits and Demerits of the Standard of Proof Applied in Roman Catholic Jurisprudence
Authors: Hahn Judith
Published: May 2019

In Roman Catholic canon law, moral certitude describes the ecclesiastical judge’s full conviction that a defendant is guilty or that a statement of claim made by a civil plaintiff is rightful. Moral certitude is the requirement for a conviction or a civil sentence in favour of the party under the burden of proof. Secular legal orders apply other standards. Anglo-American legal cultures mostly refer to the beyond a reasonable doubt standard in criminal cases, the preponderance of evidence, or the clear and convincing evidence standard in civil matters. Continental European cultures predominantly refer to the standard of full conviction in criminal and civil matters alike. This article compares those standards of proof with moral certitude in order to better understand its merits and limits. Based on this comparison, it examines the arguments both in favour of and against abiding with moral certitude as a standard of proof in the Catholic Church.
A low-cost, rapidly integrated debubbler (RID) module for microfluidic cell culture applications
Authors: Williams Matthew J. , Lee Nicholas K. , Mylott Joseph A. , Mazzola Nicole , Ahmed Adeel , Abhyankar Vinay V.
Published: May 2019

Microfluidic platforms use controlled fluid flow to provide physiologically relevant biochemical and biophysical cues to cultured cells in a well-defined and reproducible manner. In these systems, undisturbed flows are critical and air bubbles entering microfluidic channels can result in device delamination or cell damage. To prevent bubble entry, we report a low-cost, Rapidly Integrated Debubbler (RID) module that is simple to fabricate, inexpensive, and easily combined with existing experimental systems. We demonstrate successful removal of air bubbles spanning three orders of magnitude with a maximum removal rate (dV/dt)max = 1.5 mL min−1, at flow rates corresponding to physiological fluid-induced wall shear stresses (WSS) needed for biophysical stimulation studies on cultured mammalian cell populations.
Estimation of geometrically necessary dislocation density from filtered EBSD data by a local linear adaptation of smoothing splines
Authors: Seret Anthony , Moussa Charbel , Bernacki Marc , Signorelli Javier , Bozzolo Nathalie
Published: May 2019

An implementation of smoothing splines is proposed to reduce orientation noise in electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) data, and subsequently estimate more accurate geometrically necessary dislocation (GND) densities. The local linear adaptation of smoothing splines (LLASS) filter has two advantages over classical implementations of smoothing splines: (1) it allows for an intuitive calibration of the fitting versus smoothing trade-off and (2) it can be applied directly and in the same manner to both square and hexagonal grids, and to 2D as well as to 3D EBSD data sets. Furthermore, the LLASS filter calculates the filtered orientation gradient, which is actually at the core of the method and which is subsequently used to calculate the GND density. The LLASS filter is applied on a simulated low-misorientation-angle boundary corrupted by artificial orientation noise (on a square grid), and on experimental EBSD data of a compressed Ni-base superalloy (acquired on a square grid) and of a dual austenitic/martensitic steel (acquired on an hexagonal grid). The LLASS filter leads to lower GND density values as compared to raw EBSD data sets, as a result of orientation noise being reduced, while preserving true GND structures. In addition, the results are compared with those of filters available in theMTEXtoolbox.
Quantitative nanotomography of amorphous and polycrystalline samples using coherent X-ray diffraction
Authors: Chushkin Y. , Zontone F. , Cherkas O. , Gibaud A.
Published: May 2019

This article presents a combined approach where quantitative forward-scattering coherent diffraction imaging (CDI) is supported by crystal diffraction using 8.1 keV synchrotron X-ray radiation. The method allows the determination of the morphology, mass density and crystallinity of an isolated microscopic specimen. This approach is tested on three homogeneous samples made of different materials with different degrees of crystallinity. The mass density and morphology are revealed using three-dimensional coherent diffraction imaging with a resolution better than 36 nm. The crystallinity is extracted from the diffraction profiles measured simultaneously with coherent diffraction patterns. The presented approach extends CDI to structural characterization of samples when crystallinity aspects are of interest.
Preparation and physical properties of a Cr3Al film with a DO3 structure
Authors: Zhao W. Q. , Dai X. F. , Zhang X. M. , Mo Z. J. , Wang X. T. , Chen G. F. , Cheng Z. X. , Liu G. D.
Published: May 2019

A Cr3Al compound with a DO3 structure has previously been predicted to be nearly half metal and a promising spintronics material; however, its synthesis has not been reported. Here, a Cr3Al compound with a DO3 structure is successfully prepared in thin-film form by the magnetron sputtering method. It was found that the substrate temperature is crucial to the atomic ordering, thin-film density and lattice constant. The lattice constant varies with different substrate temperatures and is smaller than the theoretical equilibrium lattice constant. Theoretical investigations on the electronic structures and magnetic properties indicate that the Cr3Al compound with a DO3 structure is a rare material with zero-gap half-metallic characteristics under an experimental lattice constant of 5.83 Å. The experimental result is in agreement with the theoretical results in magnetization, and the Cr3Al compound synthesized in this work exhibits semi-metallic-like electrical transport characteristics and positive magnetoresistance of greater than 2% in the temperature range 2–250 K.
A fractal view on running-in process: taking steel-on-steel tribo-system as an example
Authors: Zhou Yuankai , Zuo Xue , Zhu Hua
Published: May 2019

Purpose

Running-in is a transient process prior to steady state and of great importance for mechanical performance. To reveal the fractal behavior in the running-in process, the steel-on-steel friction and wear tests were performed.

Design/methodology/approach

The friction coefficient, friction temperature, friction noise and vibration were recorded, and the surface profile of lower sample was measured on line. The signals and profiles were characterized by correlation dimension and box-counting dimension, respectively.

Findings

The signals have the consistent fractal evolvement law, that is, the correlation dimension increases and tends to a stable value. The box-counting dimension of one surface becomes close to that of the other surface. The running-in process can be interpreted as a process in which the fractal dimension of friction signals increases, and the counter surfaces spontaneously adapt to and modify each other to form a spatial ordered structure.

Originality/value

The results reveal the running-in behavior from a new perspective.
Optimal design of parallel sliders with square-shaped textures considering fluid-structure interaction
Authors: Li Qiang , Wang Yujun , Zhang Shuo , Xu Wei-Wei , Wang Zengli , Wang Zhenbo
Published: May 2019

Purpose

Surface texturing has been proven as an effective means of contact performance enhancement. However, limited work has been done to investigate the regular relationship to solve the multi-parameters problem of textures, and inertia effect and elastic deformation were seldom considered together in previous optimization work. This paper aims to quantitatively obtain the relationship between the textured depth and liquid film thickness and find the effect of deformation on the optimal textured height ratio in elastic parallel sliders.

Design/methodology/approach

Numerical models of hydrodynamic lubrication are established based on the computational fluid dynamic method. Elastic deformation is considered through fluid–structure interaction (FSI) method. Using response surface optimization method, textured parallel sliders are optimized with maximum loading capacity as the objective.

Findings

The results show that the optimal height ratios are all within the range of 0.60-0.65 when textured parallel sliders are considered as rigid. After considering the effect of elastic deformation, loading capacity drops and is reduced more obviously with a decrease in the elastic moduli. The optimal height ratios are within the range of 0.60-0.63, which shows that FSI has a considerable influence on loading capacity but has no significant influence on the optimal height ratio.

Originality/value

The present research provides a theoretical reference for engineering application of elastic textured parallel sliders.
A tool centre point calibration method of a dual-robot NDT system for semi-enclosed workpiece testing
Authors: Guo Canzhi , Xu Chunguang , Xiao Dingguo , Zhang Hanming , Hao Juan
Published: May 2019

Purpose

With the development of materials science and technology, composite workpieces are increasingly used. This paper aims to discuss a non-destructive testing (NDT) solution for semi-enclosed composite workpieces. A dual-robot system with one robot that grips an irregular-shaped ultrasonic probe (tool) is established.

Design/methodology/approach

According to robotics, this paper defines the orientations of the discrete points coordinate frames in trajectory and proposes an orientation constraint rule between the tool coordinate frame and the scanning trajectory. A four-posture calibration method for calibrating the transformation relationship of the irregular-shaped tool frame relative to the robot flange frame is presented in detail.

Findings

Calibration and verification experiments were performed, and good-quality C-scan images were obtained by applying the constraint rule and the calibration method. Experimental results show that the calibration method used to determine the tool centre point (TCP) position is correct, effective and efficient; the TCP orientation constraint rule can ensure the extension pole of the irregular-shaped ultrasonic probe is parallel to the axis of the semi-enclosed cylindrical workpieces; and the ultrasonic transducer axis is perpendicular to the surface of the workpiece.

Originality/value

This paper proposes a constraint method for the posture of an irregular-shaped tool in this scheme. Theoretical foundations for the four-posture calibration method of the irregular-shaped tool for dual-robot-assisted ultrasonic NDT are presented in detail. This strategy has been successfully applied in the NDT experiment of semi-enclosed composite workpieces.
Characterization of psoriasiform dermatitis induced by systemic injection of interleukin‐23 minicircles in mice
Authors: Leys Laura , Wang Yibing , Paulsboe Stephanie , Edelmayer Rebecca , Salte Katie , Wetter Joseph , Namovic Marian , Phillips Lucy , Dunstan Robert , Gauvin Donna , Donnelly‐Roberts Diana , Su Zhi , Honore Prisca , McGaraughty Steve
Published: May 2019

The interleukin (IL)‐23/IL‐17 axis plays a central role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis and is elevated in lesional psoriatic skin. Different murine models have been developed to mimic this pathophysiology each carrying specific merits and limitations. In an attempt to address some of these limitations, B10.RIII mice received a single hydrodynamic injection of IL‐23 minicircles (MC) to induce hepatic transcription and the endogenous production of IL‐23. Plasma and ear IL‐23 levels were dose‐dependently (0.3–3 μg) increased in MC injected mice and were sustained over the 14‐day study duration. Beginning on day 7 post‐injection, mice developed dose‐related ear inflammation, histologically confirmed increases in epidermal and dermal area, as well as enhanced neutrophil and macrophage content. Flow cytometry demonstrated increased levels of granulocytes, T cells and monocytes/macrophages in the ear skin, with T cells identified as the main cellular source of IL‐17A. Evaluation of mRNA and protein showed time‐dependent, increased levels of the IL‐23/IL‐17 pathway and inflammatory/microbial cytokines/chemokines in the ear which differed kinetically from circulating levels. An anti‐IL‐23p40 antibody was assessed following both prophylactic administration and administration once the disease was established. Prophylactic dosing completely prevented the development of the ear phenotype across endpoints. Treatment administration showed a dose‐related response, with a maximum inhibition of 64–94%, depending on endpoint. These data demonstrate that the IL‐23 MC model is a useful approach to study IL‐23/IL‐17‐driven skin inflammation and may facilitate preclinical assessment of novel therapies.
OBG‐like ATPase 1 inhibition attenuates angiotensin II‐induced hypertrophic response in human ventricular myocytes via GSK‐3beta/beta‐catenin signalling
Authors: Narasimhan Gayathri , Henderson John , Luong Hien T , Rajasekaran Namakkal Soorapan , Qin Gangjian , Zhang Jianyi , Krishnamurthy Prasanna
Published: May 2019

Obg‐like ATPase 1 (OLA1) that possesses both GTP and ATP hydrolyzing activities has been shown to be involved in translational regulation of cancer cell growth and survival. Also, GSK3β signalling has been implicated in cardiac development and disease. However, the role of OLA1 in pathological cardiac hypertrophy is unknown. We sought to understand the mechanism by which OLA1 regulates GSK3β‐β‐Catenin signalling and its functional significance in angiotensin‐II (ANG II)‐induced cardiac hypertrophic response. OLA1 function and its endogenous interaction with GSK3β/β‐catenin signalling in cultured human ventricular cardiomyocytes (AC16 cells) and mouse hearts (in vivo) was evaluated with/without ANG II‐stimulated hypertrophic response. ANG II administration in mice increases myocardial OLA1 protein expression with a corresponding increase in GSK3β phosphorylation and decrease in β‐Catenin phosphorylation. Cultured cardiomyocytes treated with ANG II show endogenous interaction between OLA1 and GSK3β, nuclear accumulation of β‐Catenin and significant increase in cell size and expression of hypertrophic marker genes such as atrial natriuretic factor (ANF; NPPA) and β‐myosin heavy chain (MYH7). Intriguingly, OLA1 inhibition attenuates the above hypertrophic response in cardiomyocytes. Taken together, our data suggest that OLA1 plays a detrimental role in hypertrophic response via GSK3β/β‐catenin signalling. Translation strategies to target OLA1 might potentially limit the underlying molecular derangements leading to left ventricular dysfunction in patients with maladaptive cardiac hypertrophy.
Fluid Characteristics and Evolution of the Zhawulong Granitic Pegmatite Lithium Deposit in the Ganzi‐Songpan Region, Southwestern China
Authors: XIONG Xin , LI Jiankang , WANG Denghong , LI Shanping , LIN Hao
Published: May 2019

The Zhawulong granitic pegmatite lithium deposit is located in the Ganzi‐Songpan orogenic belt. Fluid inclusions in spodumene and coexisting quartz were studied to understand the cooling path and evolution of fluid within albite–spodumene pegmatite. There are three distinguishable types of fluid inclusions: crystal‐rich, CO2–NaCl–H2O, and NaCl–H2O. At more than 500°C and 350∼480 MPa, crystal‐rich fluid inclusions were captured during the pegmatitic magma‐hydrothermal transition stage, characterized by a dense hydrous alkali borosilicate fluid with a carbonate component. Between 412°C and 278°C, CO2–NaCl–H2O fluid inclusions developed in spodumene (I) and quartz (II) with a low salinity (3.3–11.9 wt%NaCl equivalent) and a high volatile content, which represent the boundary between the transition stage and the hydrothermal stage. The subsequentNaCl–H2O fluid inclusions from the hydrothermal stage, between 189°C and 302°C, have a low salinity (1.1–13.9 wt%NaCl equivalent). The various types of fluid inclusions reveal the P–T conditions of pegmatite formation, which marks the transition process from magmatic to hydrothermal. The ore‐forming fluids from the Zhawulong deposit have many of the same characteristics as those from the Jiajika lithium deposit. The ore‐forming fluid provided not only materials for crystallization of rare metal minerals, such as spodumene and beryl, but also the ideal conditions for the growth of ore minerals. Therefore, this area has favorable conditions for lithium enrichment and excellent prospecting potential.
Using the Maximum Effective Moment Criterion to Interpret Quartz ‐Fabric Patterns
Authors: ZHENG Yadong , ZHANG Jinjiang , ZHANG Bo
Published: May 2019

The Maximum Effective Moment (MEM) criterion predicts that the initial orientation of ductile shear zones and shear bands is ∼55° relative to the maximum principal stress axis (σ1) and that the kinematic vorticity number (Wk) is ∼0.94. These preferred orientations should be reflected in the pattern of quartz ‐fabrics in shear zones and shear bands. Common quartz ‐fabrics in plane strain can be divided into low‐temperature (L) and high‐temperature (H) fabrics, with each group showing three patterns. A steady flow with a constant value of Wk≈0.94 gives rise to L‐1 and H‐1 patterns, which are commonly characterized by a single  axis girdle normal to the shear zone and a single ‐point maximum parallel to the shear zone. Once the conjugate set develops, L‐1 and H‐1 have opening angles of ∼70° and ∼110°, respectively. L‐2 and H‐2 are asymmetric patterns associated with variable deformation partitioning and vorticity values of 0< Wk<0.94. In contrast, L‐3 and H‐3 are symmetric patterns associated with 100% deformation partitioning and Wk=0. The opening angle in quartz ‐fabrics is implicitly linked to the temperature during deformation. The opening angle is ∼70° at low temperature and ∼110° at high temperature. However, a linear correction between the opening angle and the temperature cannot be established. During deformation partitioning, synthetic shear bands form earlier than antithetic bands and are more easily developed. This may result in opening angles of <70° for low‐temperature fabrics and of >110° for high‐temperature fabrics. The following criteria can be used to recognize reworked shear zones that have experienced multiple orogenic phases and changes in the stress state: 1) the initial Wk is larger or smaller than ∼0.94; 2) the change in Wk is abrupt, rather than progressive; 3) inconsistent shear senses are inferred for the different phases of deformation; and 4) a negative value of Wk is found in reworked shear zones.
Nanoscale Pore Characteristics of the Upper Permian Mudrocks from a Transitional Environment in and around Eastern Sichuan Basin, China
Authors: CAO Taotao , LIU Guangxiang , LIU Hu , DENG Mo , HAN Yuanhong , HUANG Yanran , HURSTHOUSE Andrew S.
Published: May 2019

Nanoscale pore characteristics of the Upper Permian Longtan transitional mudrocks and their equivalent strata Wujiaping Formation marine mudrocks in and around the eastern Sichuan Basin was investigated using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM) and low‐pressure N2 adsorption experiments. The results indicate that the Upper Permian mudrock is at a mature stage with total organic carbon (TOC) values ranging between 0.47% and 12.3%. The Longtan mudrocks mainly contain vitrinite, and their mineral composition is primarily clay. In contrast, the Wujiaping mudrocks are dominated by sapropelinite and solid bitumen, and their mineral compositions are mainly quartz and a notably high amount of pyrite. The FE‐SEM reveals that clay mineral pores and microcracks are the common pore types in the Longtan mudrocks. The specific surface area and pore volume depend on the clay content but are negatively correlated with the TOC. The generation of nanometer pores in the Longtan mudrocks is caused by high clay mineral contents. Meanwhile, the Wujiaping mudrock mainly contains OM pores, and the pore parameters are positively correlated with the TOC. The OM pore development exhibits remarkable differences in the Longtan and Wujiaping mudrocks, which might be related to their sedimentary facies and maceral fractions. Vitrinite and inertinite appear as discrete particles in these mudrocks and cannot generate pores during thermal maturation. Sapropelinite often contains many secondary pores, and solid bitumen with large particles, usually with several pores, is not the major contributor to the pore system of the investigated mudrock.
Halifax Henna: The Art of Manageable Growth*
Authors: Lightstone Karen , Rixon Daphne
Published: May 2019

This case explores the dilemma many young women face when they begin a family: juggling a full‐time job as a young Chartered Professional Accountant (CPA) with a government job, continuing to grow a small business as a henna artist, and caring for a new baby. Even before the arrival of the first child, the combination of continuing to do both jobs was not sustainable. The case provides information to enable students to assess the financial health of a small business and provides a recommendation to the owner. In addition, information regarding paying childcare costs while continuing with a government job provides a realistic comparison for students. Often students jump to the money, which is currently in her accounting job, and forget that passion, dreams, and objectives for work–life balance, although earning less at the moment due to the part‐time nature, may be the best way forward.
Reclaiming, Sustaining and Revitalizing Hawaiian Education through Video‐Cued Makawalu Ethnography
Authors: Kaomea Julie , Alvarez Mahealani Brown , Pittman Mary
Published: May 2019

A Hawaiian adaptation of Tobin et al.’s (2009; 1989) video‐cued ethnography (VCE) illuminates the possibilities and challenges of implementing culturally sustaining and revitalizing Indigenous education in contemporary Hawaiian schools. Findings highlight (1) the successful classroom integration and transmission of Indigenous interactional styles and (2) the potential of VCE as a collaborative professional/curriculum development model to support Indigenous educators who strive to enact sovereign pedagogies while personally contending with the ongoing legacies of settler‐colonial occupation and assimilatory education.
Sexual Orientation and Adolescent Time Use: How Sexual Minority Youth Spend Their Time
Authors: Perales Francisco , Campbell Alice , O'Flaherty Martin
Published: May 2019

This study combines minority stress and ecological perspectives to theorize the associations between adolescents’ sexual orientation and time use. Hypotheses are tested using data from a national sample of Australian adolescents aged 14–15 years (Longitudinal Study of Australian Children; n = 3,060). Compared to heterosexual adolescents, sexual minority adolescents spent less time with their siblings and fathers, more time alone, less time in active leisure‐ and school‐based activities, and more time in nonactive leisure. There were no differences between sexual minority and heterosexual adolescents in time spent with mothers, peers, and in screen‐based leisure. Some associations were gendered. Collectively, the results suggest that sexual minority adolescents may withdraw or be excluded from critical developmental activities and the company of key social partners.
Children's experiences and needs in relation to domestic and family violence: Findings from a meta‐synthesis
Authors: Noble‐Carr Debbie , Moore Tim , McArthur Morag
Published: May 2019

Domestic and family violence is a significant issue experienced by many children that can have severe detrimental impacts to their health, development, and well‐being. Despite the significance of this issue, it is only recently that children have been included in research that seeks to understand the impacts that domestic and family violence may have on their lives. This paper reports on the findings of a meta‐synthesis, which explored qualitative research about children's experiences of domestic and family violence. Thirty‐two studies, including from the United Kingdom, North America, and Australia were included for review. The meta‐synthesis found that children describe domestic violence as being a complex, isolating, and enduring experience that often results in disruption, losses, and challenges to their significant relationships. Children's common feelings of fear, worry, powerlessness, and sadness were also uncovered, in addition to the strategies they employed to try and facilitate the safety and emotional well‐being of themselves and their family. Children's wants and needs are also highlighted. The findings demonstrate that despite the increasing interest in children's experiences of domestic and family violence, qualitative research remains limited, with many gaps evident. Implications for research, policy, and practice are considered.
The association of overjet size and traumatic dental injuries—A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Arraj George P. , Rossi‐Fedele Giampiero , Doğramacı Esma J.
Published: May 2019

Background/Aims

Traumatic dental injuries are one of the most prevalent diseases globally, impacting people of different ages and socio‐economic statuses. As disease prevention is preferable to management, understanding when an individual's overjet is prone to dental trauma helps identify at‐risk patients, so to institute preventive strategies. The aim of this study was to identify the different overjet sizes that present an increased risk for developing dental trauma across different ages and dentition stages.

Methods

The title and protocol were registered and published a priori with the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) and PROSPERO (CRD42017060907) and followed the JBI methodology of systematic reviews of association (etiology). A three‐step search strategy was performed, including electronic searches of gray literature and four databases. Studies of healthy human participants of any age and in any dental dentition stage were considered for inclusion. Only high methodological quality studies with low risk of bias were included. Where possible, meta‐analyses were performed using the random‐effects model, supplemented with the fixed‐effects model in situations where statistical heterogeneity was ≤50%, assessed using the I2 statistic.

Results

The study identified 3718 articles, 41 were included. An increased overjet was significantly associated with higher odds of developing trauma in all dentition stages and age groups. Children 0‐6 years with an overjet ≥3mm have an odds of 3.37 (95%CI, 1.36‐8.38, P = 0.009) for trauma. Children in the mixed and secondary dentition with an overjet >5mm have an odds of 2.43 (95%CI, 1.34‐4.42, P = 0.004). Twelve‐year‐old children with an overjet >5mm have an odds of 1.81 (95%CI, 1.44‐2.27, P < 0.0001).

Conclusions

The results confirm the association between increased overjet and dental trauma. A child in the primary dentition could be considered as having an overjet at risk for trauma when it is ≥3mm. In the early secondary dentition, the threshold for trauma is an overjet ≥5mm.
Deep intronic variant c.5999‐277G>A of F8 gene may be a hot spot mutation for mild hemophilia A patients without mutation in exonic DNA
Authors: Chang Chia‐Yau , Perng Cherng‐Lih , Cheng Shin‐Nan , Hu Shu‐Hsia , Wu Tzu‐Ying , Lin Shyr‐Yi , Chen Yeu‐Chin
Published: May 2019

Background

In 10%‐18% of mild‐type hemophilia A (HA) patients, mutations cannot be found by routine DNA analysis.

Objective

We aimed to identify the genetic defects by mRNA analysis of F8 gene in mild HA patients without mutation in exonic DNA.

Patients and methods

From 2006 to 2016, we identified F8 exon mutations in 39 of 49 mild HA patients using routine genetic testing. We then evaluated the 10 remaining patients from six unrelated families without exonic DNA mutation by performing cDNA sequence analysis.

Results

Nine of the 10 (90%) patients were confirmed to have F8 gene mutation. Eight patients from four unrelated families were notably found to have presence of an aberrant 675‐bp fragment. Sequencing of this fragment showed that there were two separate new alternative splicing exons of 35 bp and 55 bp within intron 18, which formed a 90‐bp insertion between exon 18 and exon 19 (E18ins90bpE19) in the mRNA. Based on direct sequencing, this alternative splicing transcript appears to have resulted from deep intronic variant c.5999‐277G>A of intron 18.

Conclusions

Our study suggests that deep intronic variant of c.5999‐277G>A may be a hot spot mutation for mild hemophilia patients without mutation in exonic DNA.
Discrete Choice Modeling in Education: An Innovative Method to Assess Teaching Practices
Authors: Grammatikopoulos Vasilis , Gregoriadis Athanasios , Linardakis Michalis
Published: May 2019

Self‐reported measures are an easy, time‐efficient, and low‐cost way to collect research data compared to other assessment methods. They are, however, characterized by several limitations regarding the quality and the clarity of the data they produce, especially when they are implemented in education. The main purpose of the current study was to use a method called discrete choice modeling (DCM) in education, in order to develop a self‐reported instrument that will reduce the bias for socially desirable responses and to assess teachers’ practices in physical activity. DCM method has the ability to overcome the respondents’ tendency to answer in a socially desirable way. A nationally representative sample of 531 Greek early educators participated in this study and were administered a self‐assessment questionnaire based on DCM. Results showed that the DCM based newly developed instrument manages to assess effectively educators’ practices and provided evidence of the applicability of the method in education. Further implications and future recommendations regarding the effective application of DCM in education are discussed.
Validity of the Kihon Checklist for evaluating frailty status in Turkish older adults
Authors: Esenkaya Mehmet Erdinc , Dokuzlar Ozge , Soysal Pinar , Smith Lee , Jackson Sarah E , Isik Ahmet Turan
Published: May 2019

Aim

The Kihon Checklist (KCL) was developed to identify vulnerable older adults residing in Japan who are at a high risk of becoming dependent. The present study aimed to determine the validity of the KCL for detecting frailty in Turkish older adults.

Methods

A total of 300 outpatients were enrolled in the study. All patients underwent comprehensive geriatric assessment and completed a Turkish translation of the KCL. Frailty status was defined by five dimensions, including weight loss, exhaustion, low levels of activity, weakness and slowness: 0 for robust, 1–2 for prefrail and 3–5 for frail.

Results

The mean age of the patients was 73.85 ± 7.12 years. According to Fried definitions, 25.7% were considered frail, 48.0% prefrail and 26.3% robust. There was a significant difference between the groups in terms of age, sex, education, Charlson's Comorbidity Index, the number of medications used, sarcopenia, dynapenia and all the comprehensive geriatric assessment parameters (P < 0.05). Cronbach's α value of the KCL was 0.876. The area under the receiver operating characteristics curve was 0.855 for frail, and 0.697 for prefrail. We found that the KCL can show frail and prefrail older adults when the cut‐off values are ≥9 and ≥ 4, respectively, with a sensitivity of 80.52% and 65.28%, and specificity of 81.17% and 56.96%.

Conclusions

The KCL can be used as a quick, simple and sensitive screening method for detecting frailty among Turkish older adults. We recommend its use by healthcare professionals in Turkey in order to identify frail older adults and direct them to relevant support. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2019; 19: 616–621.
Extraction of polyphenols and antioxidants from pomegranate peel using ultrasound: influence of temperature, frequency and operation mode
Authors: Machado Ana Paula Da Fonseca , Sumere Beatriz Rocchetti , Mekaru Carolina , Martinez Julian , Bezerra Rosângela Maria Neves , Rostagno Mauricio Ariel
Published: May 2019

The objective of this research was to investigate the effects of temperature (40–70 °C), frequency (37 and 80 kHz) and ultrasonic operation mode (normal, pulse and sweep), and their interactions on the recovery of phenolic compounds and antioxidants present in pomegranate peel using ultrasound‐assisted extraction. The content of individual phenolic compounds, total phenolic compounds (TPC), antioxidant capacity (AC) and total extract yield (X0) were analysed. Significant effects were observed between some sources of variation in recovery of individual compounds at TPC and X0, and no significant effect was observed for AC. The process and conditions studied shown to be interesting to extract antioxidants, since a high antioxidant capacity was verified in the extracts. Temperatures around 50–60 °C, using 37 kHz frequency, and normal or pulse modes were the conditions that provided better yields of phenolic compounds and X0. Regarding AC, the best condition observed was at 70 °C, 80 kHz frequency and continuous mode.
A Survey of Public Perceptions and Attitudes about Water Availability Following Exceptional Drought in Texas
Authors: Gholson Drew M. , Boellstorff Diane E. , Cummings Scott R. , Wagner Kevin L. , Dozier Monty C.
Published: May 2019

This study examines the results of a random sample survey of Texans evaluating citizen awareness, attitudes, and willingness to adopt water conservation practices. The study investigates changes in public attitudes following the most intense one‐year drought on record in Texas by evaluating public perception of water availability, assessing Texans’ attitudes and perceptions regarding drought conditions, and comparing the number of Texans adopting practices to conserve water before and after the drought of 2011. Almost 70% indicated that the likelihood of their area suffering from a prolonged drought was increasing. More than 61% of respondents have changed the way their yard is landscaped and 62% have also adopted new technologies in an effort to conserve water. Overall, responses indicated that Texans are concerned with water availability after experiencing, in 2011, the worst one‐year drought on record, and that the majority of respondents are taking personal action in an effort to conserve water for the future.
The role of the dermatologist in the immune‐mediated/allergic diseases – position statement of the EADV task force on contact dermatitis, EADV task force on occupational skin diseases, UEMS‐EBDV subcommission allergology and European Dermatology Forum
Authors: Balato A. , Raimondo A. , Arenberger P. , Bruze M. , Czarnecka‐Operacz M. , Johanssen J.D. , Gonçalo M. , Ranki A. , Uter W. , Wilkinson M. , Ayala F. , John S.M. , Giménez‐Arnau A. , Gollnick H.
Published: May 2019

Background

The members of the Task Force on Contact Dermatitis and the Task Force on Occupational Dermatoses of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology (EADV), of the European Dermatology Forum (EDF), and the members of the UEMS Section of Dermatology‐Venereology (UEMS‐EBDV) we want to vindicate the fundamental role that the specialist in Dermatology has in the diagnosis and management of Immuno‐mediated /allergic Diseases.

Objective

In disagreement with the blueprint paper of the UEMS section of Allergology (2013), in which dermatologists are excluded from one of their core activities it was decided to write this consensus paper.

Discussion

The skin occupies a crucial place in the broad spectrum of allergic diseases; there is no other organ with such a multitude of different clinical conditions mediated by so many pathogenetic immune mechanisms. Subsequently, dermatologists play a fundamental role in the management of immune‐mediated diseases including among others contact dermatitis, atopic dermatitis, urticaria and angioedema or cutaneous adverse drug, food and arthropod reactions. The essential role of dermatology in the diagnostic, therapeutic and preventive management of immune mediated /allergic diseases which is crucial for patient management is justified from both the academic and professional point of view.

Conclusion

Based on the best care of the patient with cutaneous immune allergic disease a multidisciplinary approach is desirable and the dermatologist has a pivotal role in patient management. Be so good and no one will not ignore you, dermatologist. Ideally Dermatology should be governed according the following Henry Ford statement: “Arriving together is the beginning; keeping together is progress; working together is success.”