bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ENERGY TRANSFORMATION DURING THE PIERCE PROCESS IN THE PRODUCTION OF SEAMLESS PIPES
Authors: Lazić Ladislav , Lovrenić - Jugović Martina , Grubišić Željko
Published: April 2016

In the line for production of seamless pipes the pierce and pilger method, also known as the Mannesmann process, are used for the production of seamless tubes. Following the cross roll piercing operation, the tick-walled hollow shell is rolled out in the same internal energy in the pilgering stand, in which the tick-walled hollow shell is elongated to the finished tube dimensions by the discontinuous forging action of the pilger rolls on a mandrel located inside the hollow shell. On the basis of the measured essential parameters, the formulated mathematical model for energy transformations during the piercing process was validated. The model allows the calculation of temperature increment of the rounds depending on the temperature rounds before piercing and consumed electricity of electric motor for drive of the stand rolls.
THE IRONWORKS IN THE HRON RIVER VALLEY AND THE COBURGS
Authors: Kunhalmi Gabriel
Published: April 2016

In the Hron river valley, the conditions for the beginning of mining and metallurgy have always been very good. There were many deposits of ore, many forests and a number of rivers which have been serving as a source of water energy. In Slovak Ore Mountain (Slovenské rudohorie) the first one was in function as soon as 1440´s. Development of iron metallurgy was also accelerated by Turkish hastilies.
Getting ahead of lice
Authors: Greener Mark
Published: April 2016

Head lice infestations, which are almost ubiquitous in primary schools, are usually harmless. To establish a diagnosis, live lice must be found as nits could be the remains of a previous infestation. This article provides an overview of treatment and some of the recent evidence, and discusses the importance of dispelling common myths surrounding head lice.
The problem of incomplete MMR vaccination in a boarding school
Authors: Gilbert Bev
Published: April 2016

Following national concern about the increased incidence of mumps in 2013–2014, this article looks at a boarding school health centre's response, which includes determining the number of teenage pupils who have not previously received adequate measles, mumps and rubella immunisation and offering vaccination
Identifying school refusal and possible causes
Authors: Thornton Stephanie
Published: April 2016

There are no exact figures on the incidence of school refusal but it has been estimated to affect between 1% and 2% of the school population. Stephanie Thornton takes a closer look at how to identify school refusal and some of the possible causes.
Male adolescent health and wellbeing matters too
Authors: Peate Ian
Published: April 2016

Adolescent boys are less likely to engage with health services and have poorer health outcomes than teenage girls. Ian Peate argues for a gendered approach to health care to help reduce these health inequalities and ultimately improve health outcomes for the population as a whole.
Understanding the long-term effects of bullying
Authors: Greener Mark
Published: April 2016

Every school should have a ‘zero tolerance’ approach to bullying, reflecting the growing recognition that victimisation by peers can irreparably damage lives or even lead to suicide. Nevertheless, anti-bullying programmes have had a limited impact. Moreover, the problems caused by bullying can extend beyond the school grounds and persist into adulthood. This article summarises recent research into bullying's long-term psychological effects, and outlines areas requiring further research.
Age-related changes in the menopausal woman: the role of hormones in the skin
Authors: Geddes Kristeen
Published: April 2016

Age-related changes in menopausal women put this patient group at an increased risk of fine lines and wrinkles, decreased collagen and elastin, changes to vascularisation, and facial volume loss. Having depleted levels of oestrogen can make it difficult for the skin to retain moisture, resulting in increased dryness, decreased firmness and patchy discolouration. Most women in developed societies can expect to spend at least one-third of their lifetime in the postmenopausal period, when the external signs of ageing can be of the utmost importance to them. Despite this, many aesthetic practitioners may not know the best ways in which to treat these individuals. This paper will explore areas of the face that become more sensitive to hormonal ageing during the perimenopausal, menopausal and postmenopausal periods.
Looking back on twenty years of providing cosmetic insurance
Authors: Di-Scala Naomi
Published: April 2016

As Hamilton Fraser Cosmetic Insurance enters its second decade as an insurance provider to the medical aesthetic industry, Naomi Di-Scala takes a look at how it all began, what she has learnt over the past 20 years, and what trends have been noticeable within this time. In the latter half of the article, she discusses the introduction of a cosmetic consumer redress scheme in line with the Consumer Rights Act
A new species of Copidosomyia Girault (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) from India, with a key to global species and additional distribution records of encyrtids from India
Authors: Manickavasagam Sagadai , Krishnachaitanya Tirunagaru
Published: April 2016

A new taxon, Copidosomyia abdulkalami sp. nov. (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) is described from the material collected from Yercaud, Tamil Nadu, India, a key to global species of Copidosomyia is provided and additional distribution records of encyrtids from the state of Andhra Pradesh, India are also presented.
Exchange nailing for nonunion of diaphyseal fractures of the tibia
Authors: Tsang S. T. J. , Mills L. A. , Frantzias J. , Baren J. P. , Keating J. F. , Simpson A. H. R. W.
Published: April 2016

Aims

The aim of this study was to identify risk factors for the failure of exchange nailing in nonunion of tibial diaphyseal fractures.

Patients and Methods

A cohort of 102 tibial diaphyseal nonunions in 101 patients with a mean age of 36.9 years (15 to 74) were treated between January 1992 and December 2012 by exchange nailing. Of which 33 (32%) were initially open injuries. The median time from primary fixation to exchange nailing was 6.5 months (interquartile range (IQR) 4.3 to 9.8 months). The main outcome measures were union, number of secondary fixation procedures required to achieve union and time to union. Univariate analysis and multiple regression were used to identify risk factors for failure to achieve union.

Results

Multiple causes for the primary nonunion were found for 28 (27%) tibiae, with infection present in 32 (31%). Six patients were lost to follow-up. Further surgical procedures were required in 35 (36%) nonunions. Other fixation modalities were required in five fractures. A single nail exchange procedure achieved union in 60/96 (63%) of all nonunions. Only 11 out of 31 infected nonunions (35.4%) healed after one exchange nail procedure. Up to five repeated exchange nailings, with or without bone grafting, ultimately achieved union in 89 (93%) fractures. The median time to union after exchange nailing was 8.7 months (IQR 5.7 to 14.0 months). Univariate analysis confirmed that an oligotrophic/atrophic pattern of nonunion (p = 0.002), a bone gap of 5 mm or more (p = 0.04) and infection (p < 0.001), were predictive for failure of exchange nailing Multiple regression analysis found that infection was the strongest predictor of failure (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

Exchange nailing is an effective treatment for aseptic tibial diaphyseal nonunion. However, in the presence of severe infection with a highly resistant organism, or extensive sclerosis of the bone, other fixation modalities, such as Ilizarov treatment, should be considered. Take home message: Exchange nailing is an effective treatment for aseptic tibial diaphyseal nonunion. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2016;98-B:534–41.
A single blind randomised controlled trial of the impact on patient-reported pain of arm elevation versus exsanguination prior to tourniquet inflation
Authors: Lees D. A. , Penny J. B. , Baker P.
Published: April 2016

Aims

The aim of this study was to compare the pain caused by the application of a tourniquet after exsanguination of the upper limb with that occurring after simple elevation.

Patients and Methods

We used 26 healthy volunteers (52 arms), each of whom acted as their own matched control. The primary outcome measure was the total pain experienced by each volunteer while the tourniquet was inflated for 20 minutes. This was calculated as the area under the pain curve for each individual subject. Secondary outcomes were pain at each time point; the total pain experienced during the recovery phase; the ability to tolerate the tourniquet and the time for full recovery after deflation of the tourniquet.

Results

There was a significant difference in the area under the pain curves in favour of exsanguination (mean difference 8.4; 95% confidence interval (CI) 3.0 to 13.7, p = 0.004). There was no difference between the dominant and non-dominant arms (mean difference -0.2; 95% CI -23.2 to 22.8, p = 0.99). The area under both recovery curves were similar (mean difference 0.7; 95% CI -6.0 to 4.6, p = 0.78). There was no statistical difference in recovery time, the actual mean difference being 30 seconds longer in the elevation group (p = 0.06).

Conclusion

Many orthopaedic and plastic surgery procedures are done under local anaesthetic or regional block where a bloodless field and a motionless patient are essential. Optimising patient comfort during surgery with the tourniquet inflated is thus a priority. This study is useful in that it compares two common methods of preparation of the upper limb prior to tourniquet inflation and which have not previously been compared in this context. Following on the results of this study, we can confidently conclude that exsanguinating the upper limb before inflating a tourniquet is more comfortable than simply elevating the arm for patients undergoing a procedure under local or regional block, both during the procedure and in the recovery phase. Take home message: Exsanguination rather than elevation is recommended in order to minimise patient discomfort and optimise the surgical field. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2016;98-B:519–25.
Enhanced recovery programmes after total hip arthroplasty can result in reduced length of hospital stay without compromising functional outcome
Authors: Maempel J. F. , Clement N. D. , Ballantyne J. A. , Dunstan E.
Published: April 2016

Aims

The primary aim of this study was to investigate the effect of an enhanced recovery program (ERP) on the short-term functional outcome after total hip arthroplasty (THA). Secondary outcomes included its effect on rates of dislocation and mortality.

Patients and Methods

Data were gathered on 1161 patients undergoing primary THA which included 611 patients treated with traditional rehabilitation and 550 treated with an ERP.

Results

The ERP was shown to be a significant independent factor which shortened length of stay (LOS) by a mean of 1.5 days (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.3 to 1.8, p < 0.001) after adjusting for confounding variables. The rates of dislocation (traditional 1.03% vs ERP 0.91%, p = 0.84) and mortality (1.5% vs 0.6%, p = 0.14) one year post-operatively were not significantly different. Both groups showed significant improvement in Harris Hip Score (42.8 vs 41.5) at 12 to 18 months post-operatively and there was no significant difference in the magnitude of improvement on univariate (p = 0.09) and multivariate analysis (p = 0.35). There was no significant difference in any of the eight domain scores of the Short-Form - 36 general health surveys post-operatively (p > 0.38).

Conclusion

We conclude that an ERP after THA shortens LOS by a mean of 1.5 days and does not increase the rate of complications post-operatively. It gives equivalent functional outcomes to a traditional rehabilitation pathway. Take home message: ERP reduces LOS after THA in comparison to traditional rehabilitation, without adversely affecting functional outcomes, dislocation rates or mortality. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2016;98-B:475–82.
Histological evaluation of two designs of shoulder surface replacement implants
Authors: Ajami S. , Blunn G. W. , Lambert S. , Alexander S. , Foxall Smith M. , Coathup M. J.
Published: April 2016

Aims

To assess the extent of osteointegration in two designs of shoulder resurfacing implants. Bony integration to the Copeland cylindrical central stem design and the Epoca RH conical-crown design were compared.

Patients and Methods

Implants retrieved from six patients in each group were pair-matched. Mean time to revision surgery of Copeland implants was 37 months (standard deviation (sd) 23; 14 to 72) and Epoca RH 38 months (sd 28; 12 to 84). The mean age of patients investigated was 66 years (sd 4; 59 to 71) and 58 years (sd 17; 31 to 73) in the Copeland and Epoca RH groups respectively. None of these implants were revised for loosening.

Results

Increased osteointegration was measured under the cup in the Copeland implant group with limited bone seen in direct contact with the central stem. Bone adjacent to the Epoca RH implants was more uniform.

Conclusion

This difference in the distribution of bone-implant contact and bone formation was attributed to the Epoca implant’s conical crown, which is positioned in more dense peripheral bone. The use of a central stem may not be necessary provided there is adequate peripheral fixation within good quality humeral bone. Take home message: Poor osteointegration of cementless surface replacement shoulder prosthesis may be improved by implant design. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2016;98-B:504–11.
Coccygectomy for patients with chronic coccydynia
Authors: Hanley E. N. , Ode G. , Jackson III J. B. , Seymour R.
Published: April 2016

Aims

The purpose of this prospective study was to evaluate the outcomes of coccygectomy for patients with chronic coccydynia.

Patients and Methods

Between 2007 and 2011, 98 patients underwent coccygectomy for chronic coccydynia. The patients were aged > 18 years, had coccygeal pain, local tenderness and a radiological abnormality, and had failed conservative management. Outcome measures were the Short Form 36 (SF-36), the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and a visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain. Secondary analysis compared the pre-operative features and the outcomes of patients with successful and failed treatment, two years post-operatively. The threshold for success was based on a minimum clinically important difference (MCID) on the ODI of 20 points. All other patients, including those lost to follow-up, were classified as failures.

Results

There was significant improvement in all ten components of the SF-36 (p < 0.05), the ODI (23 points) and VAS (39 points) (p < 0.0001). A total of 69 patients (70.4%) met the designated MCID threshold for a successful outcome. The failure group consisted of 25 patients (25.5%) who did not reach the MCID and four (4.1%) who were lost to follow-up. Six patients (6.1%) in the failure group had ODI scores that were no better or worse than that pre-operatively. The patients in whom treatment failed had significantly worse pre-operative scores for the ODI (p = 0.04), VAS (p = 0.02) and on five of ten SF-36 components (p < 0.04). They also had a higher incidence of psychiatric disorders, pre-operative opiate use and more than three comorbidities. Take home message: Coccygectomy for chronic coccydynia results in significant improvement in patient-reported outcomes at two years. Failure is associated with certain pre-operative characteristics such as psychiatric illness, poor quality of life features, higher levels of pain, and use of opiates. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2016;98-B:526–33.
Corticosteroid injection for Morton’s neuroma with or without ultrasound guidance
Authors: Mahadevan D. , Attwal M. , Bhatt R. , Bhatia M.
Published: April 2016

Aims

The objective of this double-blind randomised controlled trial was to assess whether ultrasound guidance improved the efficacy of corticosteroid injections for Morton’s neuroma (MN).

Patients and Methods

In all, 50 feet (40 patients) were recruited for this study but five feet were excluded due to the patients declining further participation. The mean age of the remaining 36 patients (45 feet) was 57.8 years (standard deviation (sd) 12.9) with a female preponderance (33F:12M). All patients were followed-up for 12 months. Treatment was randomised to an ultrasound guided (Group A) or non-ultrasound guided (Group B) injection of 40 mg triamcinolone acetonide and 2 ml 1% lignocaine, following ultrasound confirmation of the diagnosis.

Results

The mean visual analogue score for pain improved significantly in both groups (Group A – from 64 mm, sd 25 mm to 29 mm, sd 27; Group B – from 69 mm, sd 23 mm to 37 mm, sd 25) with no statistical difference between them at all time-points. The failure rate within 12 months of treatment was 11/23 (48%) and 12/22 (55%) in Groups A and B, respectively (p = 0.458). The improvement in Manchester Oxford Foot Questionnaire Index and patient satisfaction favoured Group A in the short-term (three months) that almost reached statistical significance (p = 0.059 and 0.066 respectively). However, this difference was not observed beyond three months.

Conclusion

This study has shown that ultrasound guidance did not demonstrably improve the efficacy of corticosteroid injections in patients with MN. Take home message: In the presence of a clear diagnosis of MN, a trained clinician who understands the forefoot anatomy may perform an injection without ultrasound guidance with good and safe results. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2016;98-B:498–503.
INSPIREd to take up dental research
Authors: Petersen Helen , Austin Rupert
Published: April 2016

Winning abstracts from the INSPIRE conference.
Clinical oral microbiology: A view of the road ahead
Authors: Lockhart Deborah EA , Pankhurst Caroline , Richardson Riina , Seoudi Noha , Smith Andrew , Wilson Melanie
Published: April 2016

‘There’s none so blind as those that will not see.’

With almost daily headlines describing novel and re-emerging challenges in healthcare related to infection prevention and antimicrobial resistance, it is quite extraordinary that there are currently only four clinical oral microbiologists in UK consultant posts, and no trainees. Given the backdrop of increasing antimicrobial resistance, and a drive towards optimal diagnosis, surveillance and management of infection in all others areas of healthcare, how has this situation arisen? More importantly, can it be remedied? If so, how?
Disruptive technologies and remote opinions
Authors: Simmons Gerald
Published: April 2016

Will we all be out of a job when the robots take over?
Nudge nudge, say no more…
Authors:   Spinnbarkeit
Published: April 2016

The painless way to coax patients into good habits
Ultrasonic study of molecular interactions in binary mixtures of methyl methacrylate(MMA) with toluene and dimethylacetamide at 318 K
Authors: Indhumathi R.G.
Published: April 2016

The ultrasonic velocity, density and viscosity at 318K have been measured in the binary systems of Methyl methacrylate + Toluene and Methyl methacrylate + Dimethylacetamide. In this work an attempt has been made for the first time to investigate the behavior of binary solutions of Methylmethacrylate(MMA) in Toluene and Dimethylacetamide(DMAC) with regard to acoustical parameters such as adiabatic compressibility(Î²), intermolecular free length(lf), free volume(Vf), Raoâ€™s constant(R), Wadaâ€™s constant(W) and specific acoustical impedance(Z) from ultrasonic measurements at 318 K were calculated. The results are interpreted in terms of molecular interaction between the components of mixtures.
Marx's Theory of Working-Class Precariousness: Its Relevance Today
Authors: Jonna R. Jamil , Foster John Bellamy
Published: April 2016

As a concept, worker precariousness is far from new. It has a long history in socialist thought, where it was associated from the start with the concept of the reserve army of labor. Frederick Engels introduced the idea of precariousness in his treatment of the industrial reserve army in The Condition of the Working Class in England. Marx and Engels employed it in this same context in The Communist Manifesto, and it later became a key element in Marx's analysis of the industrial reserve army in volume I of Capital.… In recent years, however, the notion of precariousness as a general condition of working-class life has been rediscovered. Yet the idea is commonly treated in the eclectic, reductionist, ahistorical fashion characteristic of today's social sciences and humanities, disconnected from the larger theory of accumulation derived from Marx and the socialist tradition. The result is a set of scattered observations about what are seen as largely haphazard developments.… In the face of such a confusion of views—most of them merely ad hoc responses to what is presumed to be an isolated social problem—it is necessary to turn back to the classical Marxian tradition, where the issue of precariousness was first raised.

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Inclusive education’s promises and trajectories: Critical notes about future research on a venerable idea
Authors: Artiles Alfredo J. , Kozleski Elizabeth B.
Published: April 2016

The purpose of this article is to offer critical notes on inclusive education research in the U.S. We discuss issues germane to conceptual clarity and the ways in which inclusive education interacts with reforms that share equity goals, noting disruptions and unintended consequences that arise at the nexus of these reforms. In addition, we identify enduring challenges and paradoxes in this research literature. These include sampling issues, an emphasis on where students are placed as a proxy for inclusive education vis-à-vis inclusive education as the transformation of educational systems, the ways in which outcome measures have been examined in this research, and the need for and challenges of building strategic alliances that could advance an inclusive education agenda. We conclude with reflections and suggestions for a future research program that include sharpening inclusion’s identity, attending to the fluid nature of ability differences and students’ multiple identities, broadening the unit of analysis to systems of activities, and documenting processes and outcomes.
The tendency of preschool education teaching programs student’s to lifelong learning
Okul öncesi öğretmenliği bölümüne devam eden öğrencilerin yaşam boyu öğrenme eğilimleri
Authors: Ergün Sare , Cömert Özata Suzan
Published: April 2016

The aim of this study is to establish preschool education teaching programs student’s tendency on lifelong learning and to decide if this tendecy is changing with the age, income level and grade attributes. The study group of there search designed by scanning model is made up of Sakarya University preschool education teaching program students. Six item scale is used and it has been analysed by using SPSS software program. Lifelong learning tendency scale’s Cronbach Alpha consistency coefficient is found to be 0,8. According to the results, preschool education teaching programs student’s tendency on lifelong learning is high. Also the results tell us tendecy on lifelong learning changes with the age, income level of students and grade attributes. ÖzetBu çalışmanın amacı okul öncesi öğretmenliği bölümüne devam eden öğrencilerinyaşam boyu öğrenme eğilimlerini belirlemek ve bu eğilimlerin öğrenim görülen sınıf, yaş ve algıladıkları gelir düzeyi değişkenleri açısından farklılık gösterip göstermediğini ortaya koymaktır.  Tarama modelindeki araştırmanın örneklemini 2014-2015 öğretim yılı bahar döneminde Sakarya Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesinde öğrenim gören okul öncesi öğretmenliği bölümü öğrencileri oluşturmaktadır (n: 333). Araştırmanın verileri "Yaşam Boyu Öğrenme Eğilimleri Ölçeği"nden elde edilmiştir. 6'lı likert dereceleme ölçeği SPSS paket programı bilgisayar programı kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. YBÖ eğilimleri ölçeğinin Cronbach Alpha iç tutarlılık katsayısı 0.80 olarak bulunmuştur. Araştırmada elde edilen bulgulara göre, genel olarak okul öncesi öğretmeliği bölümüne devam eden öğrencilerin yaşam boyu öğrenme eğilimlerinin yüksek düzeyde olduğu belirlenmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda öğretmen adaylarının yasam boyu öğrenmeye ilişkin eğilimlerinin yaşa, algıladıkları ekonomik duruma ve devam edilen sınıfa göre ise anlamlı farklılık olduğu belirlenmiştir.
Theorizing the Cultural Contracts Performed through Racialized Masculinities
Authors: Orbe Mark P. , Crawley Rex L. , Groscurth Christopher R. , Hopson Mark C. , Terrentine Timothy R.
Published: April 2016

In this manuscript, we engage the topic of racialized masculinities through collective autoethnography—a methodological approach that values how life narratives organically reflect both interpersonal and intercultural dimensions. More specifically, we embrace a layered account whereas our individual and collective points of self-reflexivity inform, and are informed by, cultural contracts theory. Our goal here is not to document racialized and gendered insights for the purposes of generalization; rather, we present a collage of moments that hopefully will resonate with others who strive to negotiate similarly conflicted socially constructed identities productively.
Hearing King David in Early Modern France: Politics, Prayer, and Louis XIII's Musique de la Chambre
Authors: Bennett Peter
Published: April 2016

Scholars of Louis XIV have long recognized the “representational” strategy employed by the composers of the Chapelle Royale (and those who designed its liturgy), in which the words of the psalms (the work of poet-musician King David) allied to an elaborate musical setting (the grand motet) attested to the king's strength and power in both spiritual and temporal domains. By contrast, in the absence of a comparable repertory inspired by the psalms from an earlier period, the role of King David at the court of Louis XIII has received almost no attention. Yet, as this article shows, the biblical king did indeed play a central role at the court of Louis XIII, albeit in unexpected ways. The “public” voice of David—the voice of a warrior who defeated his enemies—spoke outside the confines of the court in orations, pamphlets, and psalm paraphrases (with simple musical settings), celebrating, in particular, the king's victory over the Huguenots at La Rochelle in 1628. On the other hand, study of the psalm-texted works composed for Louis XIII's Musique de la Chambre (recently identified in Bibliothèque Nationale de France, MS Vma rés. 571) reveals a “private” voice, a voice that reflected Louis's anxiety and penitence in the years around 1620 and that was heard only by the king's closest allies at court. By contextualizing this “private” voice it is also possible to account for the rise of the Domine salvum fac regem, a musical genre that originated in the same circumstances, and to suggest that Louis XIII and Louis XIV in fact had a common interest in David as supplicant.
THERAPY OF ENDOCRINE DISEASE: Endocrine dilemma: management of Graves’ orbitopathy
Authors: Campi Irene , Vannucchi Guia , Salvi Mario
Published: April 2016

Management of Graves’ orbitopathy (GO) must be based on the correct assessment of activity and severity of the disease. Activity is usually assessed with the Clinical Activity Score, whereas severity is classified according to a European Group On Graves' Orbitopathy (EUGOGO) consensus statement as mild, moderate-to-severe, and sight-threatening. Myopathic and chronic congestive forms are uncommon clinical presentations of GO. Restoration and maintenance of stable euthyroidism are recommended in the presence of GO.

In moderate-to-severe disease, steroids have been widely employed and have shown to possess an anti-inflammatory activity, but about 20–30% of patients are not responsive and present recurrence. Some novel immunosuppressors have already been employed in clinical studies and have shown interesting results, although the lack of randomized and controlled trials suggests caution for their use in clinical practice. Potential targets for therapy in GO are the thyroid-stimulating hormone and the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor on the fibroblasts, inflammatory cytokines, B and T cells, and the PIK3/mTORC1 signaling cascades for adipogenesis. A recent open study has shown that tocilizumab, an anti-sIL-6R antibody, inactivates GO. Consistent reports on the efficacy of rituximab have recently been challenged by randomized controlled trials.

As the main goal of treatment is the well-being of the patient, the therapeutic strategy should be addressed to better suit the patient needs, more than improving one or more biological parameters. The increasing availability of new therapies will expand the therapeutic options for GO patients and allow the clinician to really personalize the treatment to better suit the patients’ personal needs.
Determinación del Perfil Bioquímico Sanguíneo Hepático y Renal en Alpacas (Vicugna pacos) Aparentemente Normales
Authors: Flores N. Sergio , Li E. Olga , Gavidia C. César , Hoyos S. Luis , Barrios-Arpi Manuel
Published: April 2016

El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar el perfil bioquímico hepático y renal en alpacas (Vicugna pacos) aparentemente normales de un rebaño de la Sierra Central del Perú. Se tomaron muestras de sangre (8 ml) en 60 animales (30 adultos y 30 tuis), mediante punción de la vena yugular. Los valores promedio fueron Bilirrubina total: 0.62 ± 0.51 mg/dl; Bilirrubina directa: 0.13 ± 0.09 mg/dl; Bilirrubina indirecta: 0.51 ± 0.52 mg/dl; ALT: 23.27 ± 13.11 UI/L; AST: 197.2 ± 53.74 UI/L; Fosfatasa alcalina: 159.45 ± 76.6 UI/L; GGT: 22.35 ± 10.63; Proteínas totales: 7.73 ± 1.18 g/dl; Albúmina: 3.63 ± 0.65g/dl; Globulina: 4.10 ± 1.40 g/dl; Urea: 39.1 ± 9.02 mg/dl; y Creatinina: 2.21 ± 0.54 mg/dl. Se encontró diferencia estadística (p<0.05) entre grupos etarios para bilirrubina total e indirecta y fosfatasa alcalina.
Detección de Anticuerpos Contra el Virus de la Enfermedad de Aujeszky en Porcinos de Crianza Semi-tecnificada en Lima, Perú
Authors: Castillo E. Ana , Rivera G. Hermelinda , Ramírez V. Mercy , Manchego S. Alberto
Published: April 2016

El objetivo del presente estudio fue detectar anticuerpos contra el virus de la enfermedad de Aujeszky (EA) en porcinos de crianzas semi-tecnificadas de Lima metropolitana. Se colectaron 463 muestras de sangre de cerdos sin distinción de sexo y mayormente entre 130 a 150 días de edad, aparentemente normales, en un centro de beneficio de Lima, Perú. Los cerdos procedían de 13 distritos de Lima Metropolitana. Se detectaron anticuerpos neutralizantes contra el virus de la EA mediante la prueba de neutralización viral. Todas las muestras resultaron negativas a anticuerpos contra el virus de la EA.
Canes Vagabundos en el Interior y Alrededores de Mercados Formales de Villa El Salvador, Lima, Perú
Authors: Chávez V. Carolina , Falcón P. Néstor , León Daphne , Sánchez R. Daniel
Published: April 2016

El objetivo del estudio fue estimar la población de canes vagabundos en el interior y exterior de 21 mercados formales del distrito de Villa el Salvador, Lima, Perú. Se elaboró una ficha epidemiológica y se registró el número de canes por mercado, características de los canes (sexo, tamaño, número de hembras lactantes, alteraciones de su condición física o salud) y su proximidad a puestos de expendio de alimentos. Se contabilizaron 518 y 568 canes en el interior y exterior de los mercados, respectivamente (24.6 ± 4.9 y 27.1 ± 7.7 canes por mercado, respectivamente). Los resultados muestran la necesidad de aplicar las normas correspondientes que regulan la presencia de canes vagabundos en los mercados a fin de prevenir potenciales problemas que pudieran afectar la salud pública.
Influencia de Niveles de Azufre en la Producción, Composición Química Bromatológica y Digestibilidad del Forraje Verde Hidropónico de Cebada (Hordeum vulgare L.)
Authors: Quispe Cusi A. , Paquiyauri Z. , Ramos Y.V. , Contreras J.L , Véliz M.A.
Published: April 2016

El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar la influencia de los niveles de azufre como aditivo en la producción, composición química bromatológica y digestibilidad del forraje verde hidropónico de la cebada. Se emplearon cuatro niveles de azufre: 0, 20, 30 y 40 ppm, y la cosecha se realizó a los 18 días. Se utilizó un diseño experimental completamente al azar con cinco repeticiones. La producción de biomasa (PB) y altura de tallo (AT) fue de 34.9±0.5 kg¬¬¬¬/m2 y 14.61±1.38 cm, respectivamente, con una respuesta lineal para PB de Y=5.33+0.67X y para AT de Y=10.10+1.80X. El nivel 0 ppm de S presentó mayores contenidos de proteína cruda (PC) y extracto libre de nitrógeno (ELN): 12.95±4.21% y 55.19±3.95%, respectivamente; el nivel 30 ppm de S presentó mayores contenidos de fibra cruda (FC) y fibra detergente neutro (FDN): 23.61±3.65% y 65.95±4.15%, respectivamente; y el nivel de 40 ppm presentó mayores contenidos de extracto etéreo (EE) y ceniza (C): 3.88±3.15%, y 4.61±2.98%, respectivamente. Los valores de la digestibilidad aparente de FC y EE fueron significativamente influenciados por los niveles de azufre.
Degradabilidad in situ de la Materia Seca y Proteína Cruda de las Hojas y Peciolo del Pisonay (Erythrina falcata)
Authors: Cárdenas-Villanueva Ludwing A. , Bautista-Pampa José L. , Zegarra-Paredes José L. , Ramos-Zuniga Ruth , Gómez-Quispe Oscar E. , Barreto-Carbajal Juan S.
Published: April 2016

El estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar la composición química y la degradabilidad ruminal de la materia seca (MS) y proteína cruda (PC) del pisonay (Erythrina falcata) a los 105, 120 y 135 días de rebrote. Se tomaron muestras de hojas y peciolo, se secaron y se colocaron 8 g de muestra molida por bolsa de nylon en el rumen de tres chivatos machos adultos por 0, 24, 48 y 72 horas. Los valores de MS y PC fueron 24.4 y 21.4% a los 105, 24.8 y 23.2% a los 120 y, 27.2 y 24.4% a los 135 días, respectivamente. La degradabilidad ruminal de la fracción insoluble potencialmente degradable de MS y PC fue 29.6 y 42.9% a los 105, 24.3 y 31.4% a los 120 y, 14.9 y 24.1% a los 135 días, respectivamente, y la degradabilidad efectiva de MS y PC fue 41.3 y 41.2% a los 105, 36.5 y 30.3% a los 120 y, 32.3 y 30.5% a los 135 días, respectivamente. El estudio demuestra que el follaje E. falcata a los 105 días de crecimiento posee una mayor ventaja proteica para los caprinos.
Evaluación de la Eficiencia de la Transferencia de Embriones Interespecie entre Alpacas y Llamas Obtenidos por Ovulación Simple
Authors: Pacheco Joel , Vélez Víctor , Pezo Danilo
Published: April 2016

El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar la eficiencia de recuperación de embriones de ovulación simple, la calidad de los embriones y la fertilidad de la transferencia embrionaria interespecie. Se utilizaron 9 alpacas donadoras y 40 llamas receptoras. Se les hizo el seguimiento ecográfico para determinar la presencia de folículos ovulatorios. Las donadoras fueron cubiertas mediante monta natural y el lavado de los cuernos uterinos se realizó a los 7 días de la cópula. Luego del lavado uterino se aplicó cloprostenol a las donadoras para inducir luteólisis y reiniciar una nueva onda folicular. Se realizaron cuatro lavados con un intervalo de 15 días entre lavados. Las transferencias de los embriones se hicieron en el día 7 (grupo I) y 6 (grupo II) pos-inducción de la ovulación con buserelina a las receptoras. Se recolectó el 58.3% de los embriones. El 57.2, 23.8 y 19.0% de los embriones fueron de grado 1, 2 y 3, respectivamente. No hubo embriones de grado 4. La fertilidad a los 21 días de la transferencia fue de 33.3 y 11.1% para los grupos 1 y 2, respectivamente (promedio: 20.0%), sin registros de mortalidad embrionaria en los controles a los 90 y 150 días de la transferencia.
The Unwritten Rules of Mentorship: Facilitators of and Barriers to Effective Mentorship in Pediatric Hospital Medicine
Authors: Leary Jana C. , Schainker Elisabeth G. , Leyenaar JoAnna K.
Published: April 2016

OBJECTIVES:

Benefits of effective mentorship include career satisfaction and academic productivity. Given the youth of pediatric hospital medicine (PHM), effective mentorship is a widely acknowledged challenge. This study aimed to characterize successful pediatric hospitalists’ past and current mentorship experiences and identify facilitators of and barriers to effective mentorship in PHM.

METHODS:

Semistructured phone interviews were conducted with peer-nominated pediatric hospitalists, exploring past and current mentorship experiences and approaches perceived to aid or hinder mentorship relationships from both the mentor and mentee perspectives. Interviews were recorded verbatim, professionally transcribed, and analyzed by using a general inductive approach.

RESULTS:

Sixteen interviews were conducted and transcribed. Participants reported having a median of 3 mentors and 6 mentees. Three themes emerged regarding how mentors can optimize mentorship: (1) comprehensive focus on the mentee, (2) setting of clear expectations, and (3) acknowledgment of mentors’ limitations. Five themes emerged regarding how mentees can optimize mentorship: (1) preparation, (2) proactivity, (3) continual reevaluation of relationships, (4) willingness to seek mentorship outside of common venues, and (5) building of a mentorship team. Major barriers to effective mentorship included (1) mismatched expectations between mentor and mentee, (2) lack of available mentors in PHM, (3) lack of time/compensation for PHM mentors, and (4) geographic separation between mentor and mentee.

CONCLUSIONS:

Several themes emerged regarding facilitators of and barriers to effective mentorship in PHM. These “unwritten rules of mentorship” may serve as a guide to establish and maintain beneficial mentorship relationships and overcome challenges.
Calcium and Phosphorus and the Preterm Infant
Authors: Greer Frank R.
Published: April 2016

The early hypocalcemia observed in preterm infants is common. An increasing degree of asymptomatic hypocalcemia is observed with decreasing gestational age. Treatment is controversial and evidence of benefit is lacking. The intakes of calcium and phosphorus for the preterm infant to achieve adequate bone growth and mineralization are based on the amount acquired by the human fetus during the last trimester of pregnancy. Though normal bone mineralization is difficult to achieve, it is possible to prevent osteopenia/rickets in the preterm infant by maximizing intakes of calcium and phosphorus.
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in Children Born Preterm and With Poor Fetal Growth
Authors: Vander Ploeg Booth Karin
Published: April 2016

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common neurodevelopmental disorder in childhood, with a recent international pooled prevalence rate of 7.2%. It is associated with significant adverse effects on academic achievement, social competence, community participation, health, and family functioning. The etiology of ADHD is complex, and known risk factors include genetics, environmental toxins, psychosocial adversity, and pre- and perinatal risks, including low birthweight and prematurity. ADHD is the most common sequela of prematurity/very low birthweight for school-age children, with a prevalence rate of 11.5% to 31%. Recent research has focused on ADHD risks associated with being small for gestational age at birth and with late preterm birth. Clinicians working with infants born too early and too small should be able to counsel families about their infants’ prognosis, including the risk for ADHD. In addition, clinicians caring for children born prematurely or those who were small for gestational age should have an increased index of suspicion for ADHD and should be familiar with well-established ADHD screening and management guidelines.
Alcohol-Branded Merchandise Ownership and Drinking
Authors: Jones Sandra C.
Published: April 2016

CONTEXTS:

Alcohol-branded merchandise (ABM) has a longer shelf-life than other forms of alcohol marketing and the potential to become integrated into children’s self-identities.

OBJECTIVE:

This review sought to explore the current literature on children’s exposure to, and the impact of, ABM.

DATA SOURCES:

PsycInfo, Proquest, Science Direct, and ABI-Inform databases were searched from the earliest available date to May 2015. Additional studies were identified by a manual review of the reference lists of retrieved articles and contacting the corresponding author of each included study.

STUDY SELECTION:

Articles that reported on child or adolescent ownership of ABM and/or the relationship between ABM ownership and drinking were included.

DATA EXTRACTION:

Data on key measures were tabulated; where data of interest were not reported, requests for further information were sent to the articles’ authors.

RESULTS:

Nine cross-sectional and 4 longitudinal studies were identified. ABM ownership ranged from 11% to 59% and was higher among older children and males. Seven cross-sectional studies reported associations between ABM ownership and drinking-related behaviors. All 4 longitudinal studies reported a significant relationship between ownership at baseline and drinking initiation at follow-up.

LIMITATIONS:

The small number of available studies, with different measures of ABM ownership and of associations/effects.

CONCLUSIONS:

The few studies exploring ABM ownership are consistent in showing high rates of ownership and associations between ownership and current and future drinking. There is a need for further research into specific aspects of ABM ownership. However, there is also a need for policy interventions to reduce children’s access to and ownership of ABM.
Effect of operational parameters of microwave vacuum drying combined with hot-air pre-drying to physical, sensory, and nutritional properties of dried apple snack
Authors: Ferenczi S. , Cserhalmi Zs. , Visnyei B. , Szűcs V. , Czukor B.
Published: April 2016

Microwave vacuum drying is a novel and mild food preserving technology. Beside its basic preserving function, it can be combined with other technologies, like hot-air drying. As a result of this combination, special snack can be produced from apple. The product is characterized by its unique consistency, high nutritional value, and consumer preference. In this work physical (dry mass content, hardness, bulk density, and colour), sensory (appearance, colour, odour, taste, texture) and nutritional (antioxidant activity and total phenolics) properties of dried apple snack were investigated as a function of pre-drying, microwave energy input, and batch weight. For evaluation of data, central composite experimental design was applied. According to the results, the physical properties of products produced by microwave vacuum drying combined with hot-air pre-drying (CMVD) mainly depend on the specific energy input. Higher specific energy input results higher dry mass content, which is associated with harder consistency, lower bulk density, and positive consumer perception as well. Bulk density had an optimum point of batch weight at 336 g. Higher value of pre-dried dry mass content resulted lighter colour but less antioxidant activity and less total phenolics, therefore shorter hot-air drying and prolonged microwave vacuum drying is recommended.
Effect of ripening stage at harvest, cold storage, and simulated marketing conditions on quality and antioxidant activity of peach fruit
Authors: Fadda C. , Usai G. , Sanguinetti A.M. , Mascia I. , Del Caro A. , Satta D. , Piga A.
Published: April 2016

The influence of storage time on different quality parameters and in vitro antioxidant activity of peaches cv. Elegant Lady harvested at two ripening stages (immature and commercial mature) and stored under cold and marketing conditions were assessed. Destructive (physical-chemical properties, antioxidant activity, and firmness) and non-destructive parameters (colour and index of absorbance difference, IAD) were assessed.

Storage and ripening stage influenced firmness, colour, and antioxidant activity. Firmness decreased significantly during cold and marketing storage, and skin colour parameters, a* and b*, underwent a deepening of the red hue, while IAD values fully justified differences in colour over storage time and ripening stage. The antioxidant activity increased during storage, although polyphenols and ascorbic acid contents remained constant, and was higher in commercial mature fruit than immature peaches, that revealed a ratio of total sugars/total acids more equilibrated.
Knowledge about coeliac disease: Results of survey conducted among persons screened using a self-administered transglutaminase-based test
Authors: Drabińska N. , Bączek N. , Krupa-Kozak U.
Published: April 2016

Coeliac disease (CD) is an autoimmune, gluten-related disorder occurring in genetically predisposed individuals. The keystone to CD management is a gluten-free diet (GFD). Recently, media have been promoting the application of a GFD, however, this is necessary only in gluten-related disorders. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the knowledge on CD among individuals, who conducted a self-administered coeliac disease test. Three hundred adult volunteers took part both in the anti-tissue transglutaminase screening and the survey concerning knowledge on CD. Five positive CD tests were obtained, representing 1.67% of the analysed population. In general, the questionnaire respondents were familiar with the issue of CD. The majority of them correctly defined CD as gluten intolerance, and realized that it may occur at any age. Gastrointestinal problems were easily associated with CD, however, extraintestinal symptoms were less frequently recognized as a manifestation of this disease. A GFD was properly identified as a method of treating CD by 95% of the respondents. Self-administered, transglutaminasebased screened persons presented a good level of knowledge on CD, regardless of their gender, place of residence, or education. However, dissemination of knowledge is needed, as CD is still an underestimated problem.
Screening of media components and process parameters for production of L(+) lactic acid from potato waste liquid using amylolytic Rhizopus oryzae
Authors: Panesar P.S. , Kaur S.
Published: April 2016

The utilization of potato waste liquid instead of synthetic substrates for lactic acid production cannot only reduce the production cost but also makes the process environment effective. Unlike many lactic acid bacteria, lactic acid producing Rhizopus strains generates L(+) lactic acid as a sole isomer of lactic acid. Furthermore, some Rhizopus spp. are amylolytic in nature and can produce lactic acid from starchy substrates without prior saccharification. This study aimed at the utilization of potato waste liquid for the production of L(+) lactic acid using amylolytic Rhizopus oryzae MTCC 8784. The effect of media components and process parameters on simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of potato waste liquid by fungal strain has been studied to maximize the production of L(+) lactic acid. The results revealed that highest lactic acid production (15.5 g l–1) was obtained with potato waste liquid containing 30 g l–1 starch supplemented with soya okara hydrolysate (1.5%, v/v), calcium carbonate (1.5%, w/v), and salts. In terms of process parameters, the maximum L(+) lactic acid (18.15 g l–1) production was obtained at pH 6 with temperature 30 °C, agitation of 150 r.p.m., after incubation period of 48 h.