bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rally around the flag? Explaining changes in Swedish public opinion toward NATO membership after Russia's invasion of Ukraine
Authors: Mitchell Jeffrey , Bohman Andrea , Eger Maureen A , Hjerm Mikael
Published: August 2024

After Russia's invasion of Ukraine, Sweden changed its historic position of non-alignment and applied for membership in the NATO military alliance. This decision coincided with a shift in public opinion in favor of NATO membership, in what has been described as the largest and fastest shift in public opinion that has ever been measured in Swedish history. We examine two aspects of this “rally around the flag effect” to explain this change, the effect of the crisis event itself and the effect of political elite influence by analyzing within-individual changes of a Swedish university student population at three different time points. We find that after the Russian invasion but before the decision was made to join NATO, public opinion was still split with roughly 40% still opposed. However, after the decision was made to apply for membership to the alliance many people changed their position (32%), either making up their minds or switching position entirely. We show that these changes were likely in response to the decision to join, and that they were moderated by individuals’ previously established political preferences.
Hello, is it me you’re Stopping for? The Effect of external Human Machine Interface Familiarity on Pedestrians’ Crossing Behaviour in an Ambiguous Situation
Authors: Lee Yee Mun , Sidorov Vladislav , Madigan Ruth , Garcia de Pedro Jorge , Markkula Gustav , Merat Natasha
Published: August 2024

Objective

We investigated how different deceleration intentions (i.e. an automated vehicle either decelerated for leading traffic or yielded for pedestrians) and a novel (Slow Pulsing Light Band – SPLB) or familiar (Flashing Headlights – FH) external Human Machine Interface (eHMI) informed pedestrians’ crossing behaviour.

Background

The introduction of SAE Level 4 Automated Vehicles (AVs) has recently fuelled interest in new forms of explicit communication via eHMIs, to improve the interaction between AVs and surrounding road users. Before implementing these eHMIs, it is necessary to understand how pedestrians use them to inform their crossing decisions.

Method

Thirty participants took part in the study using a Head-Mounted Display. The independent variables were deceleration intentions and eHMI design. The percentage of crossings, collision frequency and crossing initiation time across trials were measured.

Results

Pedestrians were able to identify the intentions of a decelerating vehicle, using implicit cues, with more crossings made when the approaching vehicles were yielding to them. They were also more likely to cross when a familiar eHMI was presented, compared to a novel one or no eHMI, regardless of the vehicle’s intention. Finally, participants learned to take a more cautious approach as trials progressed, and not to base their decisions solely on the eHMI.

Conclusion

A familiar eHMI led to early crossings regardless of the vehicle’s intention but also led to a higher collision frequency than a novel eHMI.

Application

To achieve safe and acceptable interactions with AVs, it is important to provide eHMIs that are congruent with road users’ expectations.
A Psychometric Evaluation of the Achievement Emotion Questionnaire - Short Version in the Context of Italian Physical Education
Authors: Navarro Noelia , Trigueros Ruben , González-Bernal Jerónimo J. , Caggiano Valeria
Published: August 2024

Emotional states are fundamentally related to cognitive processes such as attention, perception, memory and learning, and they play a very important role in helping to assess daily challenges. Thus, we need tools that measure emotions in the context of Physical Education. In this study, we adapted and tested the factor structure of the Achievement Emotion Questionnaire – Short Version (AEQ-SV) in the Italian physical education context. We administered the AEQ-SV to 867 participants ( M age = 16.43 years, SD = 1.23) enrolled in Italian physical education classes to analyze the questionnaire’s psychometric properties using Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling (ESEM), an internal reliability analysis, and a criterion validity analysis. The AEQ-SV subscales consisted of eight emotions and 32 items. Reliability analyses revealed acceptable fit indices and adequate temporal stability. Linear regression analysis showed that positive emotions positively predicted academic performance, while negative emotions negatively predicted academic performance. These results are in line with research on the original scale, and these data support the use of the AEQ-SV in the Italian educational context.
Psychometric evaluation of a brief measure to capture general population-level variation in ADHD symptoms from childhood through the transition to adulthood
Authors: Murray Aja Louise , King Josiah , Xiao Zhuoni , Ribeaud Denis , Eisner Manuel
Published: August 2024

To illuminate individual differences in the development of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms in the general population, psychometric measures are needed that can capture general population-level symptom variation reliably, validly, and comparably from childhood through to the transition to adulthood. The ADHD subscale of the Social Behavior Questionnaire (SBQ-ADHD) provides a candidate for a measure that can meet this need. We thus evaluate the psychometric properties of the SBQ-ADHD as administered in adulthood (ages 20 and 24) to a large normative sample, as well as the cross-informant (parent-teacher-self-reports) and developmental (ages 7–24) measurement invariance of a core SBQ-ADHD item set. Results support score internal consistency reliability, gender measurement invariance, and criterion validity. Scores from the core item set showed some evidence of non-invariance, providing insights into how ADHD symptoms may manifest and/or be perceived differently by different informants/in different contexts and at different ages. Our findings overall support the use of the SBQ-ADHD items for developmental studies of ADHD symptoms from childhood to adulthood.
‘Moving grove’: Dionysian rites of passage in Shakespeare's A Midsummer Night's Dream and Macbeth
Authors: Lejri Sélima
Published: August 2024

The major English medieval pagan folk customs, feasts, and rituals that survived in early modern England share the death-resurrection motif of the Greco-Roman agrarian rites and mystery religions associated mainly with the myths of Dionysus. This comparative study between two generically different plays, A Midsummer Night's Dream and Macbeth, purports to bring out, respectively, the degree of violence in a green comedy, and the effect of greenery in a tragedy of blood. It draws on René Girard's anthropological theory of sacrificial violence and scapegoating to examine the rites of passage in both plays through the archetype of the regenerative cycle of nature.
Prevalence of anxiety and depression among children of 3–17 years old with and without visual impairments in United States: An analysis of 2018–2019 NSCH data
Authors: Zhu Xihe , Haegele Justin A
Published: August 2024

The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence of anxiety and depression and mental health treatment among US youth (aged 3–17 years) with and without VI, based on the 2018–2019 NSCH data. This study focused on children (aged 3–17 years) with and without VIs from the 2018 to 2019 NSCH. Accounting for the NSCH sampling plan, Complex Samples was used to estimate the prevalence of anxiety, depression, and treatment for mental health disorders among children aged 3–17 years with and without VIs. Chi-square tests based on raw sample size of the estimated proportions The overall anxiety prevalence for children with VIs was about 13% ( p < .001) higher than those without VIs. Depression prevalence among children with VIs was about 10% ( p < .001) higher than those without VIs. Children with VIs had more than 2× higher anxiety (19.9% vs 6.9%), and more than 4× higher depression prevalence (13% vs 3%) compared to children without VIs. These findings help identify children with VIs as a population subgroup who is at risk for experiencing these mental health disorders, and reinforce the need for research on the etiology, development, and consequences of mental health disorders for this population.
Dermatophlebology: Understanding dermal responses to venous disease
Authors: Bush Ronald
Published: August 2024

Dermatophlebology refers to the study of dermal alterations that occur with transmitted high venous pressure. These changes may range from telangiectasia, complex dermal vascular conditions, and all changes in Clinical Etiology Anatomical Pathophysiology classes IV-VI. Understanding the underlying pathophysiology is essential to treating the skin manifestations of venous disease.
Using Perceptual Cycle Model and Text Mining to Investigate Ambulance Traffic Crashes
Authors: Das Subasish , Chakraborty Rohit , Sheykhfard Abbas , Kutela Boniphace , Ye Xinyue
Published: August 2024

Ambulance crashes constitute a matter of utmost concern within public health, posing potential risks to both patients and emergency responders. Despite this critical importance, investigating the underlying causes of these collisions is difficult because of the scarcity of comprehensive and relevant datasets. To bridge this research gap and gain valuable insights, the present study embarked on a mission to shed light on the causative factors behind ambulance-related crashes. To achieve this objective, this study adopted a meticulous approach, collecting narrative descriptions from ten special investigation reports published by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. These reports were selected as they offered in-depth accounts of real-life ambulance crashes, rendering them an invaluable resource for analyzing the multifaceted aspects leading to such incidents. Central to this investigation was the utilization of the Perceptual Cycle Model (PCM), a well-established and comprehensive framework that facilitates a systematic examination of the various stages leading to a crash. The study examined the key influential factors associated with ambulance crashes by employing PCM and text mining. The results reveal diverse factors contributing to ambulance crashes, including varied causes, driver actions, and post-crash scenarios, providing a holistic understanding of road safety. The outcomes of this study will bolster the safety of ambulance operations, safeguard patients and personnel, and ensure the efficient delivery of life-saving emergency services to those in need.
Developing a Training Program for a Personal Navigation Intervention for Individuals with Disabilities
Authors: Semmler Bethany J. Frick , Faieta Julie , Harris Kaetlyn Culter , Mance Elizbeth , Stojkov Ashley , Anderson Sarah , Vega Olivia , Metzler Sandra , DiGiovine Carmen P.
Published: August 2024

Purpose: The purpose of this project was to identify, develop, and assess the feasibility of a complex intervention to support independent public transportation for individuals with cognitive disabilities in a midsized urban setting. Methods: We used the Medical Research Council framework to develop and evaluate a complex intervention. The complex intervention was an education and training program that supported personal navigation for individuals with disabilities (PNID) and was part of the Smart Columbus Mobility Assistance for People with Cognitive Disabilities (MAPCD) project. The identification, development, and feasibility of the PNID education and training program was iterative and included seven stages, which started with engaging with external stakeholders and ended with describing future directions for the implementation of the complex intervention. Results: The result was an evidence-based, theory-informed, and stakeholder supported education and training program to support public transportation for individuals with cognitive disabilities. The intervention was based on frameworks, models, and theories including a sociotechnical architecture model. The sociotechnical architecture was operationalized using the WayFinder system, a personal transportation assistant that consists of both a smartphone application and a web-based portal. The education and training program consisted of five activities. Conclusions: The PNID education and training program and MAPCD project provide a framework for the identification, development, implementation, and evaluation of sociotechnical architectures that support independent public transportation for individuals with disabilities in midsize urban settings.
Oncology Intensive Care Units: Distinguishing Features and Clinical Considerations
Authors: Davis Hugh , Tseng Steve , Chua Weijia
Published: August 2024

The rapidly advancing field of cancer therapeutics has led to increased longevity among cancer patients as well as increasing complexity of cancer-related illness and associated comorbid conditions. As a result, institutions and organizations that specialize in the in-patient care of cancer patients have similarly evolved to meet the constantly changing needs of this unique patient population. Within these institutions, the intensive care units that specialize in the care of critically ill cancer patients represent an especially unique clinical resource. This article explores some of the defining and distinguishing characteristics associated with oncology ICUs.
Predictors of Multiple-Document Comprehension Among Third-Grade Children With Reading Difficulties and Disabilities
Authors: Espinas Daniel R. , Wanzek Jeanne
Published: August 2024

Facility with learning from multiple text documents is critical for college and career readiness. However, children with reading difficulties and disabilities have been largely excluded from research on multiple document comprehension. Accordingly, little is known about how children with reading difficulties and disabilities perform on multiple-document tasks, the factors that predict their performance, and how best to foster their development of this skill. To begin to fill these gaps, we examined concurrent predictors of one dimension of multiple-document comprehension, intertextual integration (ie, the ability to integrate information presented across two or more text documents), among third-grade children with reading difficulties and disabilities ( N = 70). Correlational analyses revealed that children's intertextual integration performance was significantly and positively associated with single-document comprehension (SDC) but not with word-level reading (WLR) or passage-reading fluency (PRF). Multiple-regression analyses indicated that SDC significantly predicted intertextual integration but that WLR and PRF did not.
An Overview of Indian Marine Seaweeds and their Medicinal Applications
Authors: R. Kavya , Ananthy Vimala , Salwe Kartik Janardan , Manimekalai K. , Komarasamy Boopathi , Deva Reka
Published: August 2024

Background

Seaweeds are macroalgae containing bioactive compounds that have positively impacted the biomedical field due to polysaccharides, sterols and glycolipids, showing a diverse range of pharmacological and biological properties. Eating a diet high in marine items will lessen the risk of developing diabetes, cancer and obesity.

Purpose

The exploration of medically useful seaweeds is required to identify drugs and drug targets and reduce the risk of developing diseases.

Methodology

The PubMed search was done with the MESH terms such as seaweed and Marine algae pharmacological activity results were obtained as 748 results. We filtered out the articles and entered key terms related to our area of interest to find the results. The seaweed species in India are listed with Tamil Nadu contributing the most and Orissa the least. The type of algae is also mentioned.

Results

Marine algae have been employed in industry and medicine as a novel food with possible nutritional benefits. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that marine algae are a rich source of naturally occurring bioactive substances with activities such as anti-diabetic, hepatoprotective, antiviral, antifungal, antibacterial, antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-hypercholesterolemia and hypolipidemia.

Conclusion

The current review focuses on the bioactivities and potential pharmaceutical activity of marine algae discovered in India. The present review article showed that there are many seaweeds of medical importance, and it is necessary to explore them to minimize disease progression and prolong the individual’s survival.
Sarcocystis sp. meningoencephalitis in a captive bobcat
Authors: Majette Elizabeth S. , Baker Eliza , Evans Erica E. , Sheley Wesley C.
Published: August 2024

A geriatric captive bobcat ( Lynx rufus) was euthanized due to progressive anorexia and lethargy. Meningoencephalitis with intralesional apicomplexan organisms was identified histologically. With immunohistochemistry, the organisms were immunolabeled by anti– Sarcocystis neurona antibodies. PCR targeting the ITS region of the parasite yielded an amplicon with >99.6% identity to several Sarcocystis dasypi, S. neurona, and S. speeri sequences. Amplification of the 18S region yielded a sequence that was 99.9% similar to sequences of both S. neurona (MN169125) and S. speeri (KX470746). Inflammatory disease of the CNS due to Sarcocystis sp. infection is uncommonly reported in felids and has not been reported previously in bobcats, to our knowledge. Here, we briefly review Sarcocystis-associated CNS disease in other felids, confirm that it can affect bobcats, and highlight the challenges of species-level identification of Sarcocystis sp. in routine diagnostic work.
Decision-making solutions based artificial intelligence and hybrid software for optimal sizing and energy management in a smart grid system
Authors: Naceur Ferdaws Ben , Toumi Sana , Ben Salah Chokri , Mahjoub Mohamed Ali , Tlija Mehdi
Published: August 2024

This paper describes a decentralised smart grid system containing renewable energies, storage systems and distributed generation with human control and intervention. The importance of each element and the interaction between them leads to think about a decision-making strategy. In fact, the integration of a Photovoltaic Panel (PVP) is used due to its availability and its participation in the carbon emissions reduction. Also, a battery is required to fill a power gap or absorb extra generated energy. Moreover, an optimal sizing is needed to get an efficient system with minimum cost. Also, an energy management strategy (EMS) is essential to ensure the power resources scheduling in order to keep a continuous equilibrium supply-demand of electricity and avoid instabilities in the grid, with guaranteeing a minimum cost of electricity. In the first part, the proposed smart grid optimal sizing is determined under real weather data (solar radiation) of the city of Sousse, Tunisia, using the Hybrid Optimization of Multiple Energy Resources (HOMER) software technique. This approach is chosen thanks to its simplicity, effectiveness, and high precision compared to traditional techniques. In this paper, several configurations (Grid, (Grid-battery), (Grid-PVP), (Grid-PVP-battery)) are studied. The obtained results prove that the (Grid-PVP-battery) system configuration is the most efficient and economical solution. In the second part, a robust energy management strategy (EMS) is proposed for two smart grid configurations (grid-battery, grid-PVP-battery). This strategy is based on Fuzzy Logic Control (FLC) thanks to its non-linear modelling and its ability to make decisions relating to energy management. The primary goal of the suggested (EMS) is to ensure the energy resources scheduling in order to keep a continuous equilibrium among the production and consumption of electricity and avoid instabilities in the grid, with guaranteeing a minimum cost of electricity. As input data, (FLC) used time-varying price electricity (Price (t)) to solve an instant decision problem by choosing, at each instant, the optimal energy source (which provide electricity at the cheapest price possible). The obtained results, carrying out Matlab simulation, prove the efficacy of the proposed strategy, not only, in the energy resources scheduling to meet the load, but also, for the system cost reduction since the PVP has been used as much as possible since it is inexpensive relative to the costs of battery capacity and the grid.
The role of Fusobacterium nucleatum in the pathogenesis of colon cancer
Authors: Hong Bo-Young , Chhaya Ajay , Robles Alejandro , Cervantes Jorge , Tiwari Sangeeta
Published: August 2024

Previously, many studies have reported changes in the gut microbiota of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). While CRC is a well-described disease, the relationship between its development and features of the intestinal microbiome is still being understood. Evidence linking Fusobacterium nucleatum enrichment in colorectal tumor tissue has prompted the elucidation of various molecular mechanisms and tumor-promoting attributes. In this review we highlight various aspects of our understanding of the relationship between the development of CRC and the alteration of intestinal microbiome, focusing specifically on the role of F. nucleatum. As the amount of F. nucleatum DNA in CRC tissue is associated with shorter survival, it may potentially serve as a prognostic biomarker, and most importantly may open the door for a role in CRC treatment.
Ginkgo - A math library designed to accelerate Exascale Computing Project science applications
Authors: Cojean Terry , Nayak Pratik , Ribizel Tobias , Beams Natalie , Mike Tsai Yu-Hsiang , Koch Marcel , Göbel Fritz , Grützmacher Thomas , Anzt Hartwig
Published: August 2024

Large-scale simulations require efficient computation across the entire computing hierarchy. A challenge of the Exascale Computing Project (ECP) was to reconcile highly heterogeneous hardware with the myriad of applications that were required to run on these supercomputers. Mathematical software forms the backbone of almost all scientific applications, providing efficient abstractions and operations that are crucial to harness the performance of computing systems. Ginkgo is one such mathematical software library, nurtured by ECP, providing high-performance, user-friendly, and performance portable interfaces for applications in ECP and beyond. In this paper, we elaborate on Ginkgo’s philosophy of high-performance software that is sustainable, reproducible, and easy to use. We showcase the wide feature set of solvers and preconditioners available in Ginkgo and the central concepts involved in their design. We elaborate on four different ECP software integrations: MFEM, PeleLM + SUNDIALS, XGC, and ExaSGD that use Ginkgo to accelerate their science runs. Performance studies of different problems from these applications highlight the effectiveness of Ginkgo and the benefits incurred by these ECP applications.
Machiavellianism and Intimate Partner Violence Perpetration: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: White Lisa K. , Valos Natasha , de la Piedad Garcia Xochitl , Willis Megan L.
Published: August 2024

This systematic review and meta-analysis estimated the size of the relationship between Machiavellianism and intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetration. Further, we explored whether the strength of this relationship varied depending on IPV type (i.e., physical, psychological, sexual, and cyber), and perpetrator gender. Systematic searches of Medline Complete, PsycInfo, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were conducted on July 4, 2023. Studies were included if they were a peer-reviewed published paper or unpublished dissertation, in English, included a measure of Machiavellianism and IPV perpetration, and reported the relationship between these variables. Study quality was assessed using the AXIS tool. Nineteen studies ( N = 9,464) were included in a random-effects meta-analysis revealing a significant, weak, positive correlation between Machiavellianism and IPV perpetration ( r = .16, 95% CI [0.11, 0.21], p < .001). Machiavellianism had a significant, weak, positive relationship with cyber ( r = .25, 95% CI [0.17, 0.32], p < .001), psychological ( r = .20, 95% CI [0.15, 0.24], p < .001), and sexual IPV ( r = .10, 95% CI [0.02, 0.19], p = .020). No significant relationship was found for physical IPV. There was no significant difference in the strength of the relationship between women and men. These findings are limited by the measures being self-report, heterogeneity across studies, and the cross-sectional nature of the included studies which limits the understanding of causal pathways. Nonetheless, this meta-analysis shows a link between Machiavellianism and IPV perpetration, and future research should examine how this knowledge may be used to reduce IPV perpetration.
Peer Support Work in the Context of Intimate Partner Violence: A Scoping Review
Authors: Osborn Max , Ball Tanyanne , Rajah Valli
Published: August 2024

Peer support models of service provision have become increasingly prevalent in recent decades across multiple health and human services fields. In this scoping review, we examine peer support work within the context of intimate partner violence (IPV) service provision, including an examination of how this approach is conceptualized, the mechanisms underlying it, the impact of professionalism, and the benefits and challenges experienced by IPV peer support workers (PSWs). Three social science databases were searched with keywords related to IPV and peer support work, with additional articles and materials identified via targeted Google searches. The final sample of materials meeting criteria for the study (i.e., focusing on trained peer workers and their experiences serving IPV survivor clients) includes 10 papers and reports published from 1983 to 2022. We find that peer support work is conceptualized as a holistic alternative to traditional forms of IPV service provision, and that PSWs are viewed as occupying a unique role in relation to clients that enhances their ability to provide comprehensive care. However, we also identify several challenges resulting from the increasing professionalization of the IPV field, including a lack of role clarity for PSWs, a need to balance structure and flexibility in peer work service settings, and skepticism toward PSWs from credentialed professionals. Lastly, we find that although PSWs experience advantages from providing services, including enhanced personal growth and healing, they also navigate challenges related to maintaining their own emotional well-being and would benefit from additional training and institutional support.
Popliteal Vein Entrapment as a Rare Form of Popliteal Entrapment Syndrome
Authors: Jreij Georges , Dunlap Eleanor , Fitzpatrick Suzanna , Nagarsheth Khanjan
Published: August 2024

Popliteal entrapment syndrome (PES) describes a cluster of symptoms related to the compression of the neurovascular bundle in the popliteal fossa, most commonly involving the popliteal artery. In approximately 10-15% of the cases of popliteal entrapment syndrome, the popliteal vein is compressed. Symptoms of popliteal vein entrapment can mimic venous insufficiency or deep venous thrombosis, causing the diagnosis to be missed or delayed. Diagnosis of popliteal vein entrapment can be done with duplex imaging with flexion and extension maneuvers; however, venography is the gold standard for diagnosis. While popliteal vein entrapment is commonly associated with younger individuals, it may also be an underdiagnosed condition in older patients. We describe two cases of successful diagnosis and treatment of late-onset presentation of popliteal vein entrapment.
“You Feel Like You’ve Found a Place Where You Belong”: Symbolic Interactionism and Online Social Video Games in the Age of COVID-19
Authors: Veal Caitlin , Coward-Gibbs Matt , Denham Jack , Spokes Matthew
Published: August 2024

This paper investigates how players perceive and understand the sociality afforded by online social video games (OSGs), framed by the COVID-19 pandemic. Utilizing data from semi-structured interviews ( n = 20), we apply Blumer’s concept of symbolic interactionism to explore the ways in which video games take on new meanings in co-constructed, collaborative and contributory digital spaces. We argue (a) that games offer a meaningful social experience, (b) that this sociality flourishes due to the perceived lack of social risk particularly due to OSG characteristics of perceived or real anonymity, (c) that this works to facilitate social development, and (d) that these characteristics were valuable in the context of a pandemic at a time of reduced social interaction. Our contribution shows that online video game spaces alter the risk profile of forming and maintaining connections by reframing interaction as the cooperation toward shared goals.
Percutaneous treatment of lumbar synovial cysts with bleomycin: A case report
Authors: Newman Sharle , Tejada Juan G , Khan Majid , Martinez Mesha L
Published: August 2024

Lumbar synovial cysts (LSC) that protrude into the spinal canal can cause lower back pain, neurogenic claudication, and radiculopathy. Often diagnosed in the elderly population (typically ∼60 years of age) with a slight preponderance for females, their underlying etiology is thought to be due to degeneration of the adjacent facet joint, with the most common location at the level of L4–L5. Treatment of LSC can be conservative (with NSAIDs and physical therapy), percutaneous (with rupture), or surgically (with decompression with or without fusion). Percutaneous treatment of LSC involves rupturing the cyst by injecting it with steroids and local anesthetics. Although this option is less invasive than surgery, multiple studies have documented recurrence with this method and patients eventually undergoing surgical intervention. In this report, we document a case where a patient who presented with a symptomatic LSC underwent successful percutaneous treatment with bleomycin.
Familiarity with non-famous faces increases “person misidentification”
Authors: Shimane Daisuke , Miura Hiroshi , Itoh Yuji
Published: August 2024

People sometimes mistakenly identify an unknown person they encounter as a known person. Previous studies have elucidated this phenomenon and revealed that it is a common experience. However, no experimental study has identified factors associated with its occurrence. We termed this relatively under-examined phenomenon as “person misidentification” and examined its factors. Specifically, we focused on (1) establishing experimental procedures to detect person misidentification in a laboratory context and (2) investigating the mechanism by which visual familiarity with the encountered unknown faces contributes to person misidentification. The results indicated that the developed procedure measured 247 misidentifications in 72 of 106 participants in all experiments. Although the effect of familiarity on person misidentification was not observed in Experiment 1, this effect was detected in Experiment 2, where the manipulation of familiarity was enhanced and confirmed. Concretely, unknown faces with familiarity enhanced by subliminal exposure were more frequently misidentified as another known person. This indicates that familiarity with an encountered face contributes to and induces person misidentification. In addition, the results demonstrated that similarities, especially in terms of hairstyle, between the encountered face and the misidentified known person might be related to its occurrence. These results have rich implications and expand the literature on face processing.
Visible body and invisible mind: Bureaucratic performance, self-rehabilitation, and the machinery of Chinese community corrections
Authors: Meng Yuchen , Jiang Jize
Published: August 2024

Based on a recent ethnographic study of community corrections in two large Chinese cities, this study examines how the rehabilitation work, as the cornerstone of Chinese community corrections, is deployed as a people-processing apparatus that counts offenders’ bodies but almost excludes their agency. In practice, offenders are instrumentalized and disciplined to make up the Chinese community corrections machinery, whose subjectivity is either completely muted or selectively mediated. Given justice actors’ adherence to bureaucratic hierarchy and preoccupation with administrative requirements, offenders are mostly marked as counts and treated more as penal objects utilized to fulfill intricate metrics-related requirements. Justice agents’ formalistic pursuit of, rather than substantive investment in, the well-being of offenders renders their participation in Chinese community corrections symbolic and strenuous. It further breeds offenders’ commitment to self-rehabilitation, a process of relying on self-discipline and personally discovered resources for compliance and reintegration. We contend that the current operation of the Chinese community corrections apparatus, under the rehabilitative guise, exacerbates offenders’ structural disadvantages and reinforces their stigmatized identities. Policy and research implications of this study are discussed.
Should I prescribe exercise to a patient with an immobilized shoulder? An electromyographic study in patients with unilateral shoulder pain and healthy volunteers
Authors: Intelangelo Leonardo , Ignacio Lassaga , Mendoza Cristian , Roulet Iván , Jerez-Mayorga Daniel , Barbosa Alexandre Carvalho
Published: August 2024

Background

There is limited evidence about exercise performance during postoperative immobilization. This study aimed to quantify the muscle activity in the immobilized shoulder girdle in an abduction and neutral rotation position during a battery of contralateral activities and ipsilateral exercises of the upper limb in healthy volunteers and patients with unilateral shoulder pain (USP).

Methods

Thirty participants were included and grouped as without ( N = 17) or with USP ( N = 13). Muscle activity (percentage of maximum voluntary isometric contraction (%MVIC)) of the serratus anterior (SA), upper trapezius (UT), lower trapezius (LT) and infraspinatus muscles was assessed during five contralateral activities (during comfortable speed, fast speed and comfortable speed with additional load) and seven ipsilateral exercises.

Results

No differences in % MVIC were found between healthy volunteers and patients with USP on immobilized upper limb exercises and with the contralateral shoulder girdle. General muscle activity was low (<15% MVIC) to moderate (21–40% MVIC). This similarity was maintained at different speeds and with additional load. Adapted lawnmower exercise showed a favorable UT/LT activation ratio.

Conclusion

The study results support the use of all evaluated shoulder exercises, as they have shown low muscle activity, which is important for early rehabilitation phases.
Shaping Habitus and “Good” Lifestyles: Music Education of Chinese Immigrant Families in the UK
Authors: Luo Tianran , Liu Xu
Published: August 2024

This study investigates the phenomenon of “music fever” in the Chinese immigrant community in the UK, a relatively neglected research field in the English language literature. It explores the attitudes of Chinese immigrant parents towards their children’s music learning through three key concepts in Bourdieu’s cultural theory: capital, habitus, and field. Although the interviewees generally displayed a positive attitude towards their children’s music learning, it was conditional on it not interfering with their children’s academic studies. This study extends existing research on East Asian immigrants’ and parents’ perceptions of children’s music education, and contributes to the application of Bourdieu’s theoretical tool in research on East Asian cultural groups in both Western and non-Western contexts.
Utility of 3D-Printed Models in the Surgical Planning for Primary Spine Tumors: A Survey of International Spinal Oncology Experts
Authors: Mikula Anthony L. , Rhines Laurence D. , Patel Shalin S. , Pennington Zach , Karim S. Mohammed , Morris Jonathan M. , Tappa Karthik , Alvarez-Breckenridge Christopher , North Robert Y. , Tatsui Claudio E. , Rose Peter S. , Clarke Michelle J. , Bird Justin E.
Published: August 2024

Study Design

Survey study.

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to characterize the utility of 3D printed patient specific anatomic models for the planning of complex primary spine tumor surgeries.

Methods

A survey of individual members of an international study group of spinal oncology surgeons was performed. Participants were provided a clinical vignette, pathologic diagnosis, and pre-operative imaging for three primary spinal oncology cases. Study participants provided a free text surgical plan for resection and were then presented an associated 3D printed model for each case and asked to re-evaluate their surgical plan.

Results

Ten spinal oncology surgeons participated in the study, representing nine institutions across five countries. Four of the surgeons (40%) made significant changes to their surgical plan after reviewing the 3D models, including sacrifice of an additional nerve root to obtain negative margins, sparing an SI joint that was originally planned for inclusion in the en bloc resection, adjusting the location of osteotomy cuts, changes to the number of surgical stages and/or staging order, and preservation of neurology that was originally planned for sacrifice. The overall impression of the 3D models was positive, with 90% of the participants stating they found the 3D model useful in developing a surgical plan.

Conclusions

Surgical planning for resection of primary spinal column tumors is challenging and time intensive. 3D printed patient specific surgical models may be an additional tool that can augment surgical planning and execution by improving the chance of accomplishing surgical resection goals and minimizing morbidity.
Competencia global en la formación inicial del profesorado de música: hacia una educación musical en derechos humanos
Authors: Angel-Alvarado Rolando , Silva-Ayarza Macarena , Masquiarán-Díaz Nicolás
Published: August 2024

La OCDE establece la competencia global para impulsar una educación que contribuya a la construcción de un mundo inclusivo y sostenible, de modo que los programas universitarios que se imparten en los países miembros deben incorporarla. El objetivo del presente estudio es explorar algunos programas universitarios chilenos de Pedagogía en Música, haciendo el análisis en función de la competencia global definida por la OCDE. Se utiliza el método comparativo constante para analizar tres programas universitarios deformación inicial del profesorado de música. Los resultados revelan que las competencias generales son consistentes con la competencia global, no así las competencias específicas, pues proponen enfoques pragmáticos y colonialistas. En conclusión, los programas universitarios son consistentes con la competencia global, al menos desde sus competencias generales. No obstante, es imperioso fortalecer la visión formativa orientada hacia la inclusión y la sostenibilidad.
Enseñanza virtual del tiple colombiano: un análisis a través de videos tutoriales de la plataforma YouTube
Authors: Sanabria-Acero Juliana , Casals Albert
Published: August 2024

El tiple es el instrumento nacional colombiano y es, dentro de los formatos tradicionales, el más representativo de los instrumentos de la región andina colombiana. Actualmente, el tiple ocupa distintos espacios de formación, que van de los más académicos hasta hacer parte de una cultura de aprendizaje informal como puede ser la virtual. El presente estudio aporta una mirada a los espacios virtuales de enseñanza-aprendizaje musical a partir del análisis de videos de YouTube para el aprendizaje del tiple. Con esta finalidad, se seleccionaron 24 videos tutoriales enfocados a la transmisión de contenidos para el aprendizaje de este instrumento. Mediante un análisis de su contenido, se encuentran resultados que muestran concordancia con categorías propias de la enseñanza del tiple tanto de contextos formales como informales. Asimismo, la modalidad virtual propone algunos aspectos de la cultura de aprendizaje informal que plantea preguntas sobre la intención docente, la posible recepción y el impacto en términos de aprendizaje de los recursos didácticos utilizados para la enseñanza del instrumento. A su vez, el artículo brinda una visión poco estudiada de la enseñanza del tiple colombiano.
La asignatura de orquesta de la enseñanza pública europea previa a la Educación Superior: comparación normativa y prospectiva
Authors: Vaquerizo Óscar , de Moya María del Valle , Botella Nicolás Ana María , de Francesco Marcello
Published: August 2024

La estandarización sonora de las orquestas sinfónicas y la evolución en la dirección orquestal como disciplina plantea un siguiente reto en la educación instrumental, la regulación de la interpretación orquestal. Además, la multiplicidad de estilos musicales obliga a que estas enseñanzas empiecen lo antes posible. El artículo expone la normativa previa a la Educación Superior de Alemania, Francia, Italia, España, Polonia y Finlandia, se analiza el contenido que referencia la práctica instrumental colectiva a través de una metodología cualitativa y se comprueba si existe una correlación reguladora dentro de este marco común. Los resultados muestran que existe un interés común por la educación instrumental colectiva, que hay una distinción entre la acuñación conceptual de la asignatura: «orquestal» o terminología de ámbito pedagógico; alguna establece un marco de actuación genérico y otra ofrece libertad a los centros para su desarrollo. Se evidencia que la educación pública necesita una definición clara de objetivos, contenidos y resultados de aprendizaje para regular la práctica orquestal desde edades tempranas. Sin embargo, el rendimiento también dependerá de la flexibilización de la asignatura por parte de los Centros de Enseñanza.
The Rise of the Standing Neutral: An Easy, Economical, and Effective Way to Prevent Contractual Conflicts
Authors: Vitasek Kate , Bumblauskas Daniel , Groton Jim , Yu (Jade) Chu
Published: August 2024

Kate Vitasek, Daniel Bumblauskas, Jim Groton, and Yu (Jade) Chu argue for a new contract management technique known as a standing neutral. This approach uses a trusted, independent advisor to help contracting parties solve disagreements before they grow.
Return-To-Office Decisions: A Culture Question
Authors: Yo-Jud Cheng J. , Groysberg Boris
Published: August 2024

J. Yo-Jud Cheng and Boris Groysberg explore how organizational cultures evolved through the COVID-19 pandemic and how company culture shapes leaders’ decisions about whether and how to bring workers back to the office.
Adolescents’ Perceptions of Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral to Treatment Service at Pediatric Trauma Centers
Authors: Mello Michael J , Baird Janette , Spirito Anthony , Scott Kelli , Zonfrillo Mark R , Lee Lois K , Kiragu Andrew , Christison-Lagay Emily , Bromberg Julie , Ruest Stephanie , Pruitt Charles , Lawson Karla A , Nasr Isam W , Aidlen Jeremy T , Maxson Robert Todd , Becker Sara
Published: August 2024

Objective:

Screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment (SBIRT) for adolescent alcohol and drug (AOD) use is recommended to occur with adolescents admitted to pediatric trauma centers. Most metrics on SBIRT service delivery only reference medical record documentation. In this analysis we examined changes in adolescents’ perception of SBIRT services and concordance of adolescent-report and medical record data, among a sample of adolescents admitted before and after institutional SBIRT implementation.

Methods:

We implemented SBIRT for adolescent AOD use using the Science to Service Laboratory implementation strategy and enrolled adolescents at 9 pediatric trauma centers. The recommended clinical workflow was for nursing to screen, social work to provide adolescents screening positive with brief intervention and referral to their PCP for continued AOD discussions with those. Adolescents screening as high-risk also referred to specialty services. Adolescents were enrolled and contacted 30 days after discharge and asked about their perception of any SBIRT services received. Data were also extracted from enrolled patient’s medical record.

Results:

There were 430 adolescents enrolled, with 424 that were matched to their EHR data and 329 completed the 30-day survey. In this sample, EHR documented screening increased from pre-implementation to post-implementation (16.3%-65.7%) and brief interventions increased (27.1%-40.7%). Adolescents self-reported higher rates of being asked about alcohol or drug use than in EHR data both pre- and post-implementation (80.7%-81%). Both EHR data and adolescent self-reported data demonstrated low referral back to PCP for continued AOD discussions.

Conclusions:

Implementation of SBIRT at pediatric trauma centers was not associated with change in adolescent perceptions of SBIRT, despite improved documentation of delivery of AOD screening and interventions. Adolescents perceived being asked about AOD use more often than was documented. Referral to PCP or specialty care for continued AOD discussion remains an area of needed attention.

Trial registration:

Clinicaltrials.gov NCT03297060
Behavioral and Health Outcome Differences by Heroin or Methamphetamine Preference Among People in Rural US Communities Who Use Both Substances
Authors: Mixson L Sarah , Whitney Bridget M , Jenkins Wiley D , Stopka Thomas J , Korthuis P Todd , Drumright Lydia N , Ruderman Stephanie A , Friedmann Peter D , Pho Mai T , Young April M , Westergaard Ryan P , Seal David W , Go Vivian F , Miller William C , Zule William A , Feinberg Judith , Cooper Hannah LF , Tsui Judith I , Crane Heidi M , Delaney Joseph A
Published: August 2024

Background:

The United States’ (US) opioid overdose epidemic has evolved into a combined stimulant/opioid epidemic, a pattern driven in part by mitigating opioid overdose risk, variable substance availability, and personal preferences. This study aimed to investigate the association between self-reported substance preference (heroin or methamphetamine) and behavioral/health outcomes among individuals who used both heroin and methamphetamine in the rural US.

Methods:

The Rural Opioid Initiative is a consortium of 8 research cohorts from 10 states and 65 rural counties that recruited individuals reporting past 30-day injection of any substance or opioid substance use by any route from 1/2018 to 3/2020. Analyses were restricted to participants ⩾18 years, who self-reported either heroin or methamphetamine as their preferred substance and past 30-day use of both heroin and methamphetamine. We examined cross-sectional associations between preferred substance (heroin versus methamphetamine) and behavioral and health outcomes using random effects meta-analysis with adjusted regression models.

Results:

Among 1239 participants, 61% (n = 752) reported heroin as their preferred substance. Adjusting for age, sex, and race/ethnicity, methamphetamine preference was associated with lower prevalence ratios for current naloxone possession (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR] = 0.68; 95% Confidence Interval [95% CI] = 0.59-0.78; P-value ⩽ .001), of ever being told they had the hepatitis C virus (HCV; aPR = 0.72; 95% CI: 0.61-0.85; P-value ⩽ .001) and a personal history of overdose (aPR = 0.81; 95% CI = 0.73-0.90; P-value ⩽ .001).

Conclusion:

In our study analyzing associations between preferred substance and various behavioral and health outcomes amongst people who use both heroin and methamphetamine, a majority of participants preferred heroin. Methamphetamine preference was associated with lower prevalence of naloxone possession, ever being told they had HCV, and prior history of an overdose. This study underscores the need for targeted harm reduction services for people who prefer methamphetamine in rural areas.