bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The art of the overseas exhibition
Authors: Haese Richard
Published: January 2016

The history of Australian art has been punctuated with survey exhibitions in London from the late 19th century to the present, just as our artists were drawn to Europe both to study and for the possibilities of wider recognition. This review article focuses on the post-war years from 1950 to 1965, a high point of Australian cultural expatriatism focused on London – now viewed as a significant episode in the history of Australian art. The two most influential figures supporting key Australian artists were Kenneth Clark (promoting the work of Sidney Nolan and Russell Drysdale) and Bryan Robertson, director of the avant-gardist Whitechapel Gallery. Robertson was responsible for organizing the most significant of these exhibitions of Australian art: Australian Painting Today in 1961, focusing on the work of a younger generation of artists that included Charles Blackman, John Olsen, Fred Williams and Brett Whiteley. Australian’s most significant art historian, Bernard Smith, who had also sought to bring about comparable exhibitions, but without success, challenged the orientation and the cultural framing by Robertson and the young Australian art critic Robert Hughes in the catalogue of this key exhibition.
Conceptual histories and critical theories
Authors: Gilbert Andrew
Published: January 2016

Recent scholarship has drawn on Koselleck’s methods of conceptual history and his diagnosis of ‘crisis’ in modernity to make sense of 21st-century developments in political, social and economic life and thought. This review essay looks at two texts that, in different ways, test Koselleck’s ideas in challenging and innovative ways. Lara’s use of conceptual history to shed light on the debates over secularization demonstrates how concepts become central to struggles over the definition of politics – definitions which thereafter disclose the possibilities and set the agenda for future political action. Roitman continues Koselleck’s interest in the concept of crisis and shows how conceptual history can be used to sharpen our awareness of undisclosed content and theoretical blind spots. Both show how conceptual history serves as a ‘semantic check’ on political concepts, demanding greater reflexivity and the setting of realistic political goals.
A Working Memory System With Distributed Executive Control
Authors: Vandierendonck André
Published: January 2016

Working memory consists of domain-specific storage facilities and domain-general executive control processes. In some working memory theories, these control processes are accounted for via a homunculus, the central executive. In the present article, the author defends a mechanistic view of executive control by adopting the position that executive control is situated in the context of goal-directed behavior to maintain and protect the goal and to select an action to attain the goal. On the basis of findings in task switching and dual tasking, he proposes an adapted multicomponent working memory model in which the central executive is replaced by three interacting components: an executive memory that maintains the task set, a collection of acquired procedural rules, and an engine that executes the procedural rules that match the ensemble of working memory contents. The strongest among the rules that match the ensemble of working memory contents is applied, resulting in changes of the working memory contents or in motor actions. According to this model, goals are attained when the route to the goals is known or can be searched when the route is unknown (problem solving). Empirical evidence for this proposal and new predictions are discussed.
Combining Reaction Time and Accuracy
Authors: Draheim Christopher , Hicks Kenny L. , Engle Randall W.
Published: January 2016

It is generally agreed upon that the mechanisms underlying task switching heavily depend on working memory, yet numerous studies have failed to show a strong relationship between working memory capacity (WMC) and task-switching ability. We argue that this relationship does indeed exist but that the dependent variable used to measure task switching is problematic. To support our claim, we reanalyzed data from two studies with a new scoring procedure that combines reaction time (RT) and accuracy into a single score. The reanalysis revealed a strong relationship between task switching and WMC that was not present when RT-based switch costs were used as the dependent variable. We discuss the theoretical implications of this finding along with the potential uses and limitations of the scoring procedure we used. More broadly, we emphasize the importance of using measures that incorporate speed and accuracy in other areas of research, particularly in comparisons of subjects differing in cognitive and developmental levels.
Top 10 Replicated Findings From Behavioral Genetics
Authors: Plomin Robert , DeFries John C. , Knopik Valerie S. , Neiderhiser Jenae M.
Published: January 2016

In the context of current concerns about replication in psychological science, we describe 10 findings from behavioral genetic research that have replicated robustly. These are “big” findings, both in terms of effect size and potential impact on psychological science, such as linearly increasing heritability of intelligence from infancy (20%) through adulthood (60%). Four of our top 10 findings involve the environment, discoveries that could have been found only with genetically sensitive research designs. We also consider reasons specific to behavioral genetics that might explain why these findings replicate.
Weak Genetic Explanation 20 Years Later
Authors: Turkheimer Eric
Published: January 2016

Plomin, DeFries, Knopik, and Neiderhiser (2016, this issue) are correct in their assertion that many discoveries of behavior genetics have proven to be robust and replicable. I note, in contrast, that more specific assertions about the role of genetics in the development of behavior have failed to replicate. Reflecting on why more general findings replicate better than specific ones sheds light on the difficulties of studying complex human development and on the role played by genes in determining its course.
Emotions and Decisions
Authors: Volz Kirsten G. , Hertwig Ralph
Published: January 2016

For centuries, decision scholars paid little attention to emotions: Decisions were modeled in normative and descriptive frameworks with little regard for affective processes. Recently, however, an “emotions revolution” has taken place, particularly in the neuroscientific study of decision making, putting emotional processes on an equal footing with cognitive ones. Yet disappointingly little theoretical progress has been made. The concepts and processes discussed often remain vague, and conclusions about the implications of emotions for rationality are contradictory and muddled. We discuss three complementary ways to move the neuroscientific study of emotion and decision making from agenda setting to theory building. The first is to use reverse inference as a hypothesis-discovery rather than a hypothesis-testing tool, unless its utility can be systematically quantified (e.g., through meta-analysis). The second is to capitalize on the conceptual inventory advanced by the behavioral science of emotions, testing those concepts and unveiling the underlying processes. The third is to model the interplay between emotions and decisions, harnessing existing cognitive frameworks of decision making and mapping emotions onto the postulated computational processes. To conclude, emotions (like cognitive strategies) are not rational or irrational per se: How (un)reasonable their influence is depends on their fit with the environment.
Political Rhetoric, Fictional Narrative, and Construction of Arab Muslims in the United States: A Critique of Updike’s Terrorist
Authors: Altwaiji Mubarak
Published: January 2016

Representation of Arab Muslims pervades today’s American political rhetoric. With the increasing focus on the Muslim world in general, and Arab Muslims in particular after the September 11 terror attacks it is necessary to determine how Arab Muslims, their beliefs, roles, responsibilities and aspirations are portrayed. Based on the analysis of John Updike’s novel Terrorist ( 2006 ), the study exposes the consequence of 9/11 rhetorics on the representation of Arab Muslims and Islam in the American fictional narrative. The study utilizes works by Donald Pease and Amy Kaplan as a ground for analyzing political rhetoric and fictional narrative. It investigates the dynamics by which Arab Muslims are radically represented in the post-9/11 American narratives. This anti-Arab backlash has affected even Arab-American Christians who find themselves obliged to prove loyalty to the United States on a regular basis. The study facilitates a more comprehensive understanding of American fiction narrative on the Middle East in general, its recent trends, and possible futures and supplies groundwork for future research on issues related to Arab communities in the United States.
Turkey: Presidential Elections, 2014
Authors: Talukdar Indrani
Published: January 2016

The first direct presidential election in Turkey is remarkable because of the thin margin with which Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdoğan was elected against the expectations of a massive support. It marks beginning of a new era in Turkish politics indicating widespread discontentment and fear regarding the policies of the Justice and Development Party (AKP). On the other hand, the ruling party has retained its support among conservatives, business, and middle classes, especially in Anatolia region. However, the rise of new political forces in the 2015 general elections that failed to give a clear majority to any group should force the AKP to rethink over its policies, particularly the rising concern of authoritarian behavior and appropriation of power. Further, concerns over crackdown of media and dissent and growing instances of violation of human rights may lead to a backlash from the electorate. The AKP government has also come in from criticism for its handling of the Syrian crisis and its action against Syrian Kurds may turn the fragile peace achieved with its own Kurdish population.
Ibrutinib enhances chimeric antigen receptor T-cell engraftment and efficacy in leukemia
Authors: Fraietta Joseph A. , Beckwith Kyle A. , Patel Prachi R. , Ruella Marco , Zheng Zhaohui , Barrett David M. , Lacey Simon F. , Melenhorst Jan Joseph , McGettigan Shannon E. , Cook Danielle R. , Zhang Changfeng , Xu Jun , Do Priscilla , Hulitt Jessica , Kudchodkar Sagar B. , Cogdill Alexandria P. , Gill Saar , Porter David L. , Woyach Jennifer A. , Long Meixiao , Johnson Amy J. , Maddocks Kami , Muthusamy Natarajan , Levine Bruce L. , June Carl H. , Byrd John C. , Maus Marcela V.
Published: January 2016

Key Points

Ibrutinib treatment of CLL enhances the generation of CAR T cells for adoptive immunotherapy. Concurrent ibrutinib therapy improves the engraftment and therapeutic efficacy of anti-CD19 CAR T cells in mouse models.
Endogenous N-Acetylaspartylglutamate (NAAG) Inhibits Synaptic Plasticity/Transmission in the Amygdala in a Mouse Inflammatory Pain Model
Authors: Adedoyin Mary O , Vicini Stefano , Neale Joseph H
Published: January 2016

Background:

The peptide neurotransmitter N-acetylaspartylglutamate (NAAG) is widely expressed throughout the vertebrate nervous system, including the pain processing neuraxis. Inhibitors of NAAG peptidases are analgesic in animal models of pain. However, the brain regions involved in NAAG's analgesic action have not been rigorously defined. Group II metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR2/3) play a role in pain processing in the laterocapsular part of the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeLC). Given the high concentration of NAAG in the amygdala and its activation of group II mGluRs (mGluR3 > mGluR2), this study was undertaken using the mouse formalin model of inflammatory pain to test the hypothesis that NAAG influences pain processing in the amygdala. Evoked excitatory postsynaptic currents (eEPSCs) were studied in neurons in the CeLC of mouse brain slices following stimulation of the spinoparabrachial amygdaloid afferents.

Results:

Application of a NAAG peptidase inhibitor, ZJ43, dose dependently inhibited the amplitude of the eEPSCs by up to 50% in control CeLC demonstrating the role of NAAG in regulation of excitatory transmission at this synapse. A group II mGluR agonist (SLx-3095-1) similarly inhibited eEPSC amplitude by about 30%. Both effects were blocked by the group II mGluR antagonist LY341495. ZJ43 was much less effective than SLx in reducing eEPSCs 24 hours post inflammation suggesting an inflammation induced reduction in NAAG release or an increase in the ratio of mGluR2 to mGluR3 expression. Systemic injection of ZJ43 proximal to the time of inflammation blocked peripheral inflammation-induced increases in synaptic transmission of this pathway 24 hrs later and blocked the induction of mechanical allodynia that developed by this time point.

Conclusions:

The main finding of this study is that NAAG and NAAG peptidase inhibition reduce excitatory neurotransmission and inflammation-induced plasticity at the spinoparabrachial synapse within the pain processing pathway of the central amygdaloid nucleus.
Food taboos and myths in South Eastern Nigeria: The belief and practice of mothers in the region
Authors: Ekwochi Uchenna , Osuorah Chidiebere D. I. , Ndu Ikenna K. , Ifediora Christian , Asinobi Isaac Nwabueze , Eke Christopher Bismark
Published: January 2016

Background

Poor nutritional practices especially in pregnancy and early childhood can result in dire consequences in the growth and development of a child.

Methods

This study using purposive sampling enrolled 149 women who had carried at least one pregnancy to term in Enugu south east Nigeria. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess association between avoidance of certain food in pregnancy and selected socio-demographic factors.

Results

Approximately 37 % of respondents avoided some foods in pregnancy due to food taboos and no relationship was seen between this avoidance of food and maternal educational attainment, parity (number of obstetrics deliveries) and occupation. Snail and grass-cutter meat were the commonly avoided food in pregnancy while egg were commonly avoided in children under-two years old. Some respondent believed eating snail and grass-cutter meat makes a child sluggish and labour difficult respectively while starting egg early for a child could predispose them to stealing later in life.

Conclusion

Discussion about food taboos during antenatal care visits and during community education can help reduce the traditional belief about certain food in pregnancy and early childhood.
Wnt11 plays an important role in the osteogenesis of human mesenchymal stem cells in a PHA/FN/ALG composite scaffold: possible treatment for infected bone defect
Authors: Wang Hai , He Xiao-Qing , Jin Tao , Li Yang , Fan Xin-Yu , Wang Yi , Xu Yong-Qing
Published: January 2016

Background

Infected bone defect poses a great challenge for orthopedists because it is difficult to cure. Tissue-engineered bone based on the human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs), has currently taken a promising treatment protocol in clinical practice. In a previous study, a porous hydroxyapatite/fibronectin/alginate (PHA/FN/ALG) composite scaffold displayed favorable biological properties as a novel scaffold, which was considered better than single-material scaffolds. In addition, Wnt11 has been demonstrated to play an important role in the development of osteoblasts, but until recently, its role in the osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs in infectious environment remained unclear.

Methods

In this study, we constructed a PHA/FN/ALG composite scaffold with layer-by-layer technology. Furthermore, we also constructed Wnt11-silenced (RNAi) and -overexpressing hMSCs by lentiviral transduction. The gene transduction efficacy was confirmed by quantitative PCR assay and Western blot analysis. Tissue-engineered bone was constructed with hMSCs and PHA/FN/ALG composite scaffolds, and then was implanted into an infected bone defect model for evaluating the osteogenic capacity by quantitative PCR, gross observation, micro-CT and histology analysis.

Results

All those cells showed similar adhesion abilities and proliferation capacities in scaffolds. After tissue-engineered bone implantation, there were high levels of systemic inflammatory factors in vivo, which significantly declined three days after antibiotic therapy. One or two months after implantation, the results of osteogenic-related gene analyses, gross observation, micro-CT and histology consistently showed that the Wnt11 over-expression hMSC group displayed the strongest osteogenesis capacity, whereas the Wnt11-RNAi hMSC group displayed inferior osteogenesis capacity, when compared with the other cell-containing groups. However, the blank control group and the only composite scaffold without cell implantation group both showed extremely weak osteogenesis capacity.

Conclusion

Our results revealed that the Wnt11 gene plays an important role in hMSCs for enhancing the osteogenesis in an infectious environment.
Some applications of Caristi’s fixed point theorem in metric spaces
Authors: Khojasteh Farshid , Karapinar Erdal , Khandani Hassan
Published: January 2016

In this work, partial answers to Reich, Mizoguchi and Takahashi’s and Amini-Harandi’s conjectures are presented via a light version of Caristi’s fixed point theorem. Moreover, we introduce the idea that many of known fixed point theorems can easily be derived from the Caristi theorem. Finally, the existence of bounded solutions of a functional equation is studied.
The determinants of Mexican migrants’ duration in the United States: family composition, psychic costs, and human capital
Authors: Li Shan
Published: January 2016

This paper analyzes the determinants of migration duration focusing on family composition and human capital. A utility maximization model is built to show that migrants face a trade-off between avoiding psychic costs from leaving family members and accumulating wealth to support their consumption. The empirical analysis on Mexican men’s US experience carried out using the hazard model shows that marriage and children, which imply a heavier financial burden, are negatively associated with migrants’ duration in the USA. Fathers with more young children under age 12 stay even shorter, because taking care of them is time intensive.

Jel codes: F22; O15; J12
Technology Сase Study Writing Project in the Genre of «Keykis»
Authors: Киселев  , Kiselev V.
Published: January 2016

Is there a necessary and sufficient set of qualitative and quantitative tools (phase and fractal), arranged in a specific sequence, and allowing yourself under time pressure and relatively fast to construct the project chosen for the case study for the problem situation? This research question in the article is given a positive answer. Ten years´ experience of writing individual and group research and educational research cases in the genre KEYKIS within teaching Graduate School of Corporate Management Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, National Research University "Higher School of Economics" (HSE) and Business University MIRBIS several marketing and managerial disciplines, as well as an extensive consulting practice, allow us to make some generalizations. Show one possible set of qualitative and quantitative tools to build and visualize conceptual models and theories for private research specific cases. The presence of invariant characterization and measurement tools applicable for use on the adjacent flat hierarchies, and networks is showh. It has been shown that it is possible accurate and relatively quick to describe the complex poorly formalized interdisciplinary problematic situation with access to the field (tensor) of alternative solutions regarding adequate external challenges. Examples of practical application of presented equipment.
Teaching and Methodological Support for Cadets’ Individual Work in High Educational Organizations of the Russia’s MIA
Authors: Горач  , Gorach Nikolay
Published: January 2016

Important questions related to teaching and methodological support for cadets’ individual work organization are considered in this paper.
Theoretical and Methodological Approaches to a Problem of Pedagogical and Administrative Staff Training for Higher Education Institutions
Authors: Козлов  , Kozlov O.
Published: January 2016

The analysis of requirements to the modern higher school

teacher has been carried out. The need of higher education organizations’

teachers training on professional pedagogy chairs of

the leading federal, classical and pedagogical universities has been

justified. A model for higher education institutions’ teachers training

in pedagogical master courses and postgraduate study has been

offered. Theoretical and methodological aspects related to training

for graduates of specialist’s and bachelor´s programs in the pedagogical

master courses and postgraduate study are considered.
The Bible Intussusception in Ancient Rus’
Authors: Вевюрко  , Vevyurko I.
Published: January 2016

Translated into language of Slavs in the IX century, the

Bible began to appear in Rus’ along with adoption of Christianity,

not as one book, but as the whole collection of books, quite often

separated materially, but owing to their authoritativeness acting as

a uniform core of the spiritual culture which began its transforma -

tion. For founders of written Ancient Russian culture the Bible was

a source not only quotes and links, but also that isn´t less important,

hints and meanings, that’s why without sufficient level of this

source’s knowledge it is often impossible to understand the Russian

culture’s fundamental symbols.
Essence of Color and Its Value in the Fine Art
Authors: Юматова  , Yumatova T.
Published: January 2016

A paper "Essence of color" in an integrated manner, not

only in cultural synthesis, but also in scientific one, reveals problems

of the color: its physical properties and aesthetics in the perspective

of modern educational process. The points raised in this paper can

serve as a new integrated approach to the phenomenon of color, as

well as the basis for the development of learning and teaching

programs on a range of academic disciplines: "History of art",

"History of culture", "Chromatics", "Painting".
Military-Patriotic Education of Younger Schoolchildren
Authors: Дедюхина  , Dedyukhina Olga
Published: January 2016

The article presents the experience of the Centre of Creative Development and Musical-aesthetic Education of Children and Youth "Radost" in

Moscow with the pupils of primary school age in order to realize the target complex programs of patriotic education. The author considers the

different aspects of the teachers´ collective of centre "Radost" in the process of academic and extracurricular activities with younger students and

their parents. The forms of lessons such as meetings with veterans of the Great Patriotic War, discussion lessons, musical and musical-literary

conversations are described. It is told about the experience of museum pedagogy.
Training of Children with Autistic Disorder
Authors: Смирнова  , Smirnova L.
Published: January 2016

The article considers issues related to the education of autistic children within the framework of inclusive education. The author analyzed the

principles and objectives of this type of education on the basis of official documents: the ratified by the Russian Federation Convention on the

Rights of Persons with Disabilities of the United Nations and the Federal State Educational Standard of Primary Education of students with

disabilities. The characteristics of children with autistic syndrome, and learning difficulties are described. The psychological and pedagogical

recommendations for educators who work with autistic children are given.
True Fairy Tales
Authors: Лихолат  , Likholat Tamara
Published: January 2016

The article provides the useful information about the plants that are traditionally used by people in food, and their seeds. The information is

given in easily understandable for younger schoolchildren and entertaining form. Initial agronomic knowledge presented in cognitive tales, can

be easily tested in practice in daily life that not only meets the natural curiosity of children, but also actively encourages it to develop their interest

in nature, provides more complete understanding of the processes of interaction with it, attaches to work.
Sedimentary records of mercury stable isotopes in Lake Michigan
Authors: Yin Runsheng , Lepak Ryan F. , Krabbenhoft David P. , Hurley James P.
Published: January 2016

Mercury (Hg) concentrations and Hg isotopic composition were investigated in three sediment cores in Lake Michigan (LM). Two cores were collected from Green Bay, a region heavily impacted by Hg contamination and one core from an offshore region of LM absent of direct point source Hg. Historical trends of Hg influxes suggest increased Hg deposition began in the 1890s in Green Bay and in the early 1800’s in offshore LM. Recently deposited sediment reflecting more anthropogenic influence shows similar δ202 Hg values (-1.0 to -0.5‰) for all three cores however, deep core sediments, reflecting pre-industrial eras, show much lower δ202Hg values (-1.7 to -1.2‰). Using a binary mixing model based on δ202Hg signatures, the proportion of anthropogenic Hg was estimated. Model output confirms that Green Bay is more contaminated by local point source than the offshore LM. An increase in positive Δ199Hg values (-0.02 to +0.27‰) was observed from inner Green Bay to the offshore of LM, which may indicate increased input of atmospheric Hg and decreased watershed inputs along this transect. Overall, this study suggests that sedimentary Hg isotopes maybe a useful tracer in understanding Hg sources and history of Hg contamination in large lakes.
Adherence to Inhaled Corticosteroid Treatment in Non-Atopic Children with Severe Recurrent Wheeze
Authors: Baraç Raziye , Can Demet , Uysal Pinar , Gülle Saniye , Asilsoy Suna , Yazici Selçuk , Bak Mustafa
Published: January 2016

Background: Recurrent wheeze is an important problem due to the probability of developing asthma. The treatment and adherence to therapy of recurrent wheezing in infants remains controversial.
Objective: The present study was designed to investigate the compliance to inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs) and the response to the therapy in non-atopic children with severe recurrent wheeze.
Methods: The non-atopic children with a severe recurrent wheeze who admitted to Behçet Uz Children Hospital were recruited to the study. The subjects practiced the skills to use ICSs and were followed-up for the adherence to ICSs following 6 months.
Results: One hundred and six children diagnosed as non-atopic severe recurrent wheezers participated to the study. The mean age of the children was 22.0±15.4 months. The compliance rate to the treatment was 33.9%. The expectations of parents about beneficial effects of the medication were not met in 59 patients (84.2%) in early treatment cessation group. There was a significant difference between the treatment compliant patients and the patients with early treatment cessation among the experience of benefit in reduction of exacerbation days and exacerbation frequency, number of cough and sleep deprivation (p=0.002, p=0.004, p=0.002, respectively). The most common reason for early treatment cessation was the parents’ belief of the inefficiency of the medications on their ‘non-asthmatic children’.
Discussion: Adherence to treatment with inhalers falls behind the expectations in severe recurrent wheezers. We suggest that, the physicians should participate to understand the barriers and concerns about regular treatment usage to increase compliance and prevent future development of asthma.
Understanding informal kinship care: a critical narrative review of theory and research
Authors: MacDonald Mandi , Hayes David , Houston Stan
Published: January 2016

Many children are cared for on a full-time basis by relatives or adult friends, rather than their biological parents, and often in response to family crises. These kinship care arrangements have received increasing attention from the social sciences academy and social care professions. However, more information is needed on informal kinship care that is undertaken without official ratification by welfare agencies and often unsupported by the state. This article presents a comprehensive, narrative review of international research literature on informal kinship care to address this gap. Using systematic search and review protocols, it synthesises findings regarding: (i) the way that informal kinship care is defined and conceptualised; (ii) the needs of the carers and children; and (iii) ways of supporting this type of care. A number of prominent themes are highlighted including the lack of definitional clarity; the various adversities experienced by the families; and the requirement to understand the interface between formal and informal support. Key messages are identified to inform the development of family-friendly policies, interventions and future research.
Marrying medicine and materials: artemisinin (Qinghaosu) particle is soft enough for scratching hard SiC wafer in water
Authors: Zhu Yu-Rong , Zhang Dan , Zhang Fei-Hu , Gan Yang
Published: January 2016

Silicon carbide (SiC) single crystals, along with sapphire and silicon, are one of the most important substrates for high-brightness light-emitting diode fabrications. Owing to extremely high hardness (Mohs’ scale of 9.5) and chemical inertness, the polishing rate of SiC with conventional chemical mechanical polishing methods is not high, and surface scratches are also inevitable because of using slurry containing hard abrasives such as silica particles. Here artemisinin (Qinghaosu) crystals, very soft molecular solids, were found, for the first time to the best of our knowledge, to effectively polish SiC wafers even in pure water as demonstrated by proof-of-concept scratching experiments using atomic force microscopy. The underlying mechanism is attributed to activated oxidation of SiC by mechanically released reactive · OH free radicals from the endoperoxide bridges. The preliminary results reported here have important implications for developing novel alternative green and scratch-free polishing methods for hard-brittle substrates including SiC, diamond, and others.
MEDICAMENTOS ÓRFÃOS - DOENÇAS RARAS E A JUDICIALIZAÇÃO DA SAÚDE
Authors: Oliveira Anselmo Gomes de , Silveira Dâmaris
Published: January 2016

A Justiça tem se tornado um dos caminhos utilizados mais comuns para resolver problemas de acesso a medicamentos; algumas vezes em fase de estudo experimental e sem registro no país e, em outras, medicamentos para tratamento de doenças específicas. No rol dos medicamentos mais polêmicos, envolvidos em processos judiciais, estão aqueles impostos ao Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), medicamentos de alto custo, medicamentos off label e medicamentos com eficácia questionável, principalmente para tratamento de doenças crônicas, como câncer, hepatites, diabetes, doenças raras, entre outras. Contudo, as intervenções do judiciário na área dos medicamentos não têm sido vistas pelos gestores da área da saúde como um caminho saudável na solução dos problemas, mas sim como um procedimento inadequado e disseminador de medicamentos muitas vezes não testados e cujas observações de eficácia não são de domínio de quem o prescreveu.Estima-se que 6-8% da população mundial sejam portadores de alguma doença rara; e no Brasil, aproximadamente 13 milhões de pessoas são portadores. No mundo são conhecidas cerca de 7 mil doenças raras, das quais 80% são de origem genética, 75% se manifestam na infância, e cerca de 95% delas ainda não possuem tratamento disponível.  Essas parecem ser as principais razões que levam as pessoas a buscarem na justiça o direito ao acesso a muitos medicamentos, às vezes ainda não registrado no país.
EXPOSIÇÃO AO DIABETES GESTACIONAL: ALTERAÇÕES SOBRE OS PARÂMETROS DE ESTRESSE OXIDATIVO E ACÚMULO DE FERRO ESPLÊNICO EM RATOS
Authors: Lira Eduardo Carvalho , Santos Geórgia Maria Ricardo Félix dos , Silva José Jairo Teixeira da , Duarte Glória Isolina Boente Pinto , Aguiar Júnior Fracisco Carlos Almanajás de , Silva Cristina de Oliveira
Published: January 2016

Estudos recentes têm associado um aumento do estresse oxidativo desencadeado pela hiperglicemia à sobrecarga de ferro, por mecanismos pouco conhecidos. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os níveis de ferro esplênico, bem como os níveis de peroxidação lipídica e glutationa reduzida (GSH) na prole adulta de ratas com Diabetes gestacional (DG). O DG foi induzido no 7º dia de gestação em ratas Wistar com dose única de estreptozotocina. Fêmeas controles (ND) receberam veículo. A prole foi dividida em dois grupos: DG e ND. O perfil glicêmico da prole foi analisado pelo teste de tolerância à glicose intraperitoneal (TTGip). O estresse oxidativo foi avaliado através das substâncias reativas ao ácido tiobarbitúrico (TBARS) e níveis de GSH em tecido hepático. Para a quantificação do ferro esplênico, cortes histológicos foram analisados através da coloração de Perls. A prole DG apresentou uma menor tolerância à glicose aos seis meses de idade, o TTGip mostrou aumento da glicemia após 15 (p < 0,01) e 90 (p < 0,05) minutos comparado a prole ND. Os níveis de ferro esplênico foram elevados (p < 0,05) na prole DG, bem como os níveis de TBARS no fígado (p < 0,01). A concentração hepática da GSH foi reduzida (p < 0,01) quando comparada ao grupo ND. Os resultados mostram que a intolerância à glicose, os níveis elevados de ferro esplênico e de estresse oxidativo, bem como os níveis reduzidos de glutationa na prole DG podem estar associados ao desenvolvimento do diabetes e suas complicações na vida adulta.
PLANTAS MEDICINALES EMPLEADAS POR PACIENTES DIABÉTICOS EN PARAGUAY
Authors: Maidana Mabel , González Yenny , Degen de Arrúa Rosa
Published: January 2016

Un gran porcentaje de la población mundial, utiliza plantas medicinales para hacer frente a sus necesidades de salud. En Paraguay se utiliza un gran número de especies vegetales con fines medicinales, para diferentes afecciones, entre ellas la diabetes. El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo determinar las plantas medicinales empleadas por pacientes que consultan el Programa Nacional de Diabetes, Centro de Salud Nº 9, de Asunción, que forma parte de un programa de Atención Farmacéutica, desarrollado dentro del marco de la Tesis Doctoral: “Evaluación de un programa de Atención Farmacéutica en paceintes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2”. Se realizaron encuestas a 61 pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2, que consultaron en el mencionado programa, entre octubre y diciembre del año 2011. De los 61 pacientes entrevistados, 17 eran hombres y 44 mujeres, la edad promedio fue de 55 años ± 10,6 años, el 45,9% vive en Asunción y 54,1% en diferentes ciudades del Departamento Central. El 78,1% utiliza plantas medicinales sin prescripción médica, el 18,8% no las utiliza y el 3,1% no contestó la pregunta. Los pacientes mencionaron 33 especies vegetales empleadas con fines medicinales. Las mismas se encuentran distribuidas en 25 familias, siendo la Asteraceae la familia mayormente representada con el 21,6%; la parte más utilizada es la hoja,(48,5%), la forma de empleo más reportada fue el tereré, bebida tradicional de Paraguay semejante al mate (infusión de yerba mate), pero frío; con el 51,5%. Las 5 especies más reportadas fueron: Moringa oleífera (Fabaceae); Artemisia absinthium, Tithonia diversifolia, Baccharis trimera y Stevia rebaudiana todas de la familia Asteraceae. Los pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 que emplean plantas medicinales, lo hacen de forma concomitante con medicamentos de síntesis, de los cuales el 47% son para el sistema cardiovascular, el 26% son antidiabéticos y el 17% para el sistema nervioso.
A INIBIÇÃO DO SISTEMA CONSERVANTE DE DUAS EMULSÕES O/A POR POLISSORBATO 80
Authors: Loiola Vasconcelos Thalles Yuri , Feitosa Medeiros Débora Patrícia , Do Nascimento Aristides Ávilo
Published: January 2016

A inibição do crescimento de microrganismos devido ao efeito bacteriostático ou fungistático da formulação pode ocasionar um resultado falso-negativo na análise microbiológica. Assim, a avaliação da capacidade inibitória dos conservantes presentes nas amostras é fundamental para uma avaliação microbiológica eficaz. Os ensaios foram realizados com objetivo de comprovar a ausência do efeito inibitório no crescimento de microrganismos decorrente da atividade inibitória desses componentes. A inibição do efeito conservante da formulação foi realizada utilizando dois métodos: por adição de polissorbato 80 a 0,4 % e por diluição. Foram utilizados 10 g de cada amostra em 90 mL de salina a 0,9 %, resultando em uma diluição 1:10. Foi adicionado também polissorbato 80 a 0,4 % na solução salina com objetivo de neutralizar os parabenos e imidazolidinilureia nas formulações. A neutralização do efeito inibitório foi realizada usando polissorbato 80 a 0,4 % e da diluição 1:10. Foi observado o crescimento dos seguintes micro-organismos: Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhimurium e Pseudomonas aeruginosa em todas as amostras e no controle positivo, significando a inativação do efeito inibitório das substâncias conservantes.
QUALIDADE DE CÁPSULAS DE SIBUTRAMINA MANIPULADAS EM TRÊS FARMÁCIAS DE BELO HORIZONTE, MG, BRASIL
Authors: Sanguinete Grazielle Heloiza , Neto Isaias de Paula Campos , Gonçalves Ivanete Aparecida Rodrigues , Freitas Marques Maria Betânia de
Published: January 2016

A sibutramina é um anorexígeno indicada como fármaco de primeira escolha para o tratamento da obesidade. Devido a inexistência de monografia farmacopeica para análise e controle de qualidade deste fármaco e que a sibutramina apresenta classificação biofarmacêutica I, os autores desse trabalho propuseram ensaios físico-químicos de qualidade e avaliação da influência dos excipientes na dissolução de cápsulas de sibutramina 10 mg manipuladas em três farmácias de Belo Horizonte – MG. Foram aplicados os métodos gerais descritos na Farmacopeia Brasileira 5 ed e foi feita co-validação de método espectrofotométrico UV. Os resultados indicam que das três amostras somente uma cumpriu com todas as especificações de qualidade.
AVALIAÇÃO DA UNIFORMIDADE DE CONTEÚDO DO CAPTOPRIL, EM CÁPSULAS E COMPRIMIDOS COMERCIALIZADOS EM FARMÁCIAS E DROGARIAS DE VOTUPORANGA, SP, BRASIL
Authors: Nascimento Gabriela Oliveira Rodrigues , Camargo Ely Edurado Saranz
Published: January 2016

O captopril é um fármaco indicado para o tratamento de hipertensão arterial sistêmica (HAS) e insuficiência cardíaca (IC), sendo o primeiro fármaco desenvolvido a partir da síntese do veneno da cobra Bothrops jararaca. É um protótipo para outras substâncias usadas no controle da hipertensão arterial. No Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), o captopril está inserido na Relação Nacional de Medicamentos Essenciais (Rename); também está citado em quase todas as Relações Municipais de Medicamentos Essenciais (Remumes). O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar a uniformidade de conteúdo de comprimidos e cápsulas contendo captopril, na concentração de 25 mg, produzidos por indústrias, classificados, de acordo com registro, em: referência, genéricos e similares, bem como os manipulados em farmácias magistrais do município de Votuporanga, SP, com base no conceito da qualidade, aplicado à obediência à legislação vigente. Os resultados obtidos apresentaram variações nas concentrações do fármaco, em relação ao produto de referência, onde foi confirmada a massa declarada de 25 mg do fármaco, sendo que nas demais apresentações foram observadas, em valores percentuais, de 69 % para menor concentração e a maior em 11 2% do valor declarado. Dessa forma, foi evidenciada a falta de controle da qualidade na uniformidade de conteúdo, o que pode comprometer a eficácia e segurança do medicamento para o paciente.
AVALIAÇÃO QUANTITATIVA DA DISPENSAÇÃO DE CONTRACEPTIVOS DE EMERGÊNCIA NA REGIÃO DE CURITIBA, PR, BRASIL, ENTRE 2012 E 2014
Authors: Oliveira Maria Izabel Cândido , Oliveira Vinícius Bednarczuk
Published: January 2016

A contracepção de emergência é caracterizada pelo uso de um fármaco com administração oral contendo 1,5 mg do Levonorgestrel, um hormônio progestágeno sintético, usado nos casos onde há falha no método contraceptivo rotineiro, na relação sexual desprotegida, não planejada ou em casos de violência sexual. Esse trabalho teve como objetivo principal analisar as taxas de vendas dos Contraceptivos de Emergência (CE), entre os anos de 2012 e 2014, em duas farmácias de dispensação, localizadas no Município de Curitiba (PR), sendo uma no bairro Pinheirinho e outra no bairro Xaxim. Observou-se que o uso dos CE vem aumentando gradativamente ao longo dos anos e que na primavera e no verão, principalmente no período de carnaval, há um pico nas vendas. Em 2014, houve um aumento nas vendas durante a Copa do Mundo realizada no Brasil nos meses de junho e julho. A farmácia do bairro Pinheirinho vendeu uma quantidade maior em relação à do Xaxim, o que pode estar relacionado ao seu tamanho e ao volume geral das vendas, à idade e ao grau de instrução da população, a fatores socioeconômicos e ao Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano (IDH) do bairro menor se comparado ao bairro Pinheirinho. Pode-se concluir que o aumento gradativo na venda dos CE observado ao longo dos três anos em ambas as farmácias pode estar relacionado à falta de orientação no momento da dispensação, à escolha de outro método contraceptivo, sensação defalsa imunidade contra as doenças sexualmente transmissíveis (DST), marketing e propagandas utilizadas em épocas festivase de estímulo à atividade sexual, além de fatores fisiológicos do próprio organismo da mulher.
Examining sensory differences of children with autism in early childhood: Effects of school and home settings
Authors: Girli Alev
Published: January 2016

Recently, towards stimuli giving over sensitive or insensitive reactions has been recognized as diagnostic distinctive characteristics in children with autism. One of the purposes of this study is to determine behaviors which behaviors are result of sensitivity, prevalence rate at home or school settings and types of occurrence seen by parents and teachers. Another purpose of this study is to examine parent and teacher views on sensitivity effects at school and home settings. Study group consist 22 children with autism (2-6 ages), 20 mothers, and 8 trainers (4 psychologists and 4 special education teachers) who work with those children. In order to collect types of sensitivity and prevalence rate, “Sensory Difference Observation Form” and in order to collect views of parents and teachers, a semi structured form, “Effects of Sensory Differences: Parent and Teacher Views Form” are used. Forms were designed by researcher. It has been determined that the insensitivity of children towards movement, touch as well as auditory, visual and taste-scent stimuli is more common with a higher ratio than sensitivity. It has been observed that these properties have negative effects on their home lives as well as the routines of families and that teachers cope with them more easily in school settings.
Establishment of educational module “Climate Change” in the University of Liepaja
Authors: Javaitis Ivars
Published: January 2016

Increase of awareness and high knowledge base of society in the field of climate change and environment in general in global and local ranges is vital to prevent future possible increase of climate changes in the world. In order to more involve society in prevention of future climate changes, national government has come up with National Climate Policy [1], which includes possibility for educational institutions such as University of Liepaja to develop educational programs, including lifelong and distance education programs. To achieve given objective, educational module “Climate Change” is created by University of Liepaja. Goal of this activity is to increase knowledge and capacity of governmental institutions, municipalities, scientific and educational institutions, private businesses, societies and foundations as well as separate members of society. Besides overall information on greenhouse gas emissions and adaptation to climate change, University of Liepaja concentrates more on practical questions, since, in our opinion, practical knowledge on how to use renewable resources, reduce greenhouse gas emissions or even reuse them in industry will create larger impact on achieving the objective. Therefore University of Liepaja concentrates on following topics: practical use of different technical solutions in industry, technical equipment used in industry of renewable energy, technologies used to prevent greenhouse gas emissions and mathematical modeling of possible scenarios, when pollution occurs in populated areas. Developed materials will be available for society, especially for the members of the target group for educational purposes. Materials also can and will be used for distance education.
Morphological, Cytological and Embryological Characterization of F1 A. cepa × A. roylei Hybrids
Authors: Chuda Alicja , Kłosowska Karolina , Adamus Adela
Published: January 2016

In the previous study we obtained a population of interspecific F1 A. cepa × A. roylei hybrids. In this study, in comparison to the parental species: A. cepa and A. roylei, the F1 hybrids were evaluated in terms of plant morphology, pollen viability, microsporogenesis and female gametophyte. Most of the morphological characters of the F1 hybrids were intermediate as compared to those of both parental accessions. In pollen mother cells (PMCs) of the F1 hybrids abnormalities were observed in meiosis as well as at the tetrad stage. Pollen viability of F1 A. cepa × A. roylei hybrids was reduced to 30.1%. In the F1 hybrids, 45.8% of the analyzed ovules showed developmental disturbances, whereas in 26.7% of the ovules necrotic processes were observed.
Limits of Dideoxysequencing in the Detection of Somatic Mutations in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors
Authors: Jasek K , Buzalkova V , Szepe P , Plank L , Lasabova Z
Published: January 2016

Detection of mutations in cancer is particularly important in terms of proper treatment and targeted therapy. The aim of this study was the comparison of two methods: allele-specific PCR (AS-PCR) and dideoxysequencing applied for the identification of BRAF gene mutations in wild-type gastrointestinal stromal tumors (WT GISTs). We have optimized the conditions for the detection V600E mutation representing the c.1799 T>A substitution by AS-PCR and have used dideoxysequencing to verify our results. In nine cases, we were able to detect the mutation by AS-PCR approach; however, the mutations have been confirmed by dideoxysequencing in four cases only. AS-PCR is fast and low cost method for the detection of V600E mutation which was validated as a sensitive assay for the identification of the most common BRAF mutation in DNA extracted from paraffin-embedded tissue of WT GISTs.