bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Patient Reported Outcome Measures used in Surgical Evaluation of Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Systematic Review
Authors: Bhat Amrita , Singh Amritpal , Durr Megan L. , Chang Jolie L.
Published: July 2024

Objective

To identify patient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs) used to measure adult obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)‐related quality of life in sleep surgery and analyze key psychometric properties in the original design and development of each PROM.

Data Sources

PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, PsychINFO, and CINAHL.

Review Methods

A systematic review was performed using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Disease‐specific instruments assessing sleep‐related quality of life that were used in sleep surgery studies and validated in patients with sleep disorders were included. The Consensus‐based Standards for the Selection of Health Status Measurement Instruments (COSMIN) criteria were used to evaluate methodological quality.

Results

A total of 2494 abstracts were retrieved, and 216 underwent full‐text review. Seven PROMs assessing sleep‐related quality of life were identified. Only one (14%) PROM (SAQLI) was developed using both patient and physician input, and none were rated as “adequate” for content validity. Two PROMs utilized patients with sleep‐disordered breathing during content development and none specifically queried patients considering surgery. Six (86%) PROMs demonstrated “very good” analysis of internal consistency per COSMIN criteria, and six (86%) included data on test–retest reliability.

Conclusion

Several PROMs are utilized in sleep‐related quality‐of‐life assessments for patients treated with OSA surgery. The measurement properties of these PROMs are of variable quality, and notably, no PROMs meet adequate quality measurements for content validity. New and updated PROMs for OSA‐related quality of life should consider input from sleep surgery patients and providers. Laryngoscope, 134:4838–4846, 2024
Tele‐otology for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander People Living in Rural and Remote Areas
Authors: Habib Al‐Rahim , Crossland Graeme , Sacks Raymond , Singh Narinder , Patel Hemi
Published: July 2024

Objective

To evaluate a referral‐based, tele‐otology service in rural and remote areas of the Northern Territory, Australia.

Methods

A retrospective observational cohort study was performed of a tele‐otology service in 93 Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities (2011 to 2019). Assessments included face‐to‐face examinations performed by Clinical Nurse Consultants and audiologists, and asynchronous reviews performed by otolaryngologists. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to determine the likelihood of ear disease, adjusted for age and gender. Intra‐ and inter‐rater agreement was assessed between otolaryngologists.

Results

A total of 3,950 patients were reviewed (6,838 encounters, 13,726 ear assessments). The median age of patients was 9.8 years (interquartile range: 7.2 years). Overall, 62.2% of patients were identified with ear disease and 62.5% identified with hearing loss. Substantial intra‐ and inter‐rater agreement in diagnosis was found between otolaryngologists (κ = 0.71 and κ = 0.78, respectively). The most common ear conditions identified were chronic otitis media (COM, 28.1%) and otitis media with effusion (OME, 16.5%). Topical or oral antibiotics were initiated in 14.1% of all encounters, most often for acute otitis media or COM. Surgery was recommended in 27.7% of all encounters, most often myringoplasty, adenoidectomy, and myringotomy with insertion of tympanostomy tubes.

Conclusion

Tele‐otology is a critical component of an integrated approach to evaluating ear disease in Indigenous people living in rural and remote areas. The high prevalence of OME, COM, and surgical recommendations highlights the need for community engagement, regular follow‐up, and early interventions to prevent long‐term hearing loss.

Level of Evidence

NA Laryngoscope, 134:5096–5102, 2024
Photon‐Counting 3D Velocimetry Empowered by OAM‐Based Multi‐Point Doppler Effect
Authors: Zhang Yanxiang , Zhang Zijing , Nie Zhongquan , Wang Qingfeng , Jia Baohua
Published: July 2024

Velocimetry of a motion target within 3‐D space is highly desirable in numerous applicable realms, ranging from explosion and shock wave physics, aerospace engineering to astronomical surveys. However, it is challenging to achieve synchronous, real‐time, and photon‐counting 3‐D velocimetry in modern frameworks as they either require separate multi‐directional detections, and cumbersome calculation processes or are confined to achieve in situ measurements. Here, a new conceptual paradigm is proposed to circumvent these constraints using orbital‐angular‐momentum (OAM)‐driven multi‐point Doppler effect at the photon‐counting level. This scheme, emanating from a single‐direction launch of an on‐demand engineered sequence OAM light mode onto a motion surface, enables simultaneous and independent detections of time‐varying Doppler photon‐count events from three orthogonal echo light paths. Concretely, at the range of motion velocity of 0.25–0.5 ms−1, the relative measurement errors of this proof‐of‐principle prototype are below 1.5%, thus achieving high‐accuracy 3‐D velocimetry at the photon‐counting level for the first time. The exploration of the OAM‐photon‐counting 3‐D velocimetry techniques provides unprecedented advantages in potential applications of synchronous, real‐time, high‐efficiency, and long‐range quantum lidar.
Chromothripsis is a novel biomarker for prognosis and differentiation diagnosis of pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms
Authors: Zhang Ming‐Yi , He Du , Zhang Yi , Cheng Ke , Li Hong‐Shuai , Zhou Yu‐Wen , Long Qiong‐Xian , Liu Rui‐Zhi , Liu Ji‐Yan
Published: July 2024

This study aimed to identify the role of chromothripsis as a novel biomarker in the prognosis and differentiation diagnosis of pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (pNENs). We conducted next‐generation gene sequencing in a cohort of 30 patients with high‐grade (G3) pNENs. As a reference, a similar analysis was also performed on 25 patients with low‐grade (G1/G2) pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (pNETs). Chromothripsis and its relationship with clinicopathological features and prognosis were investigated. The results showed that DNA damage response and repair gene alteration and TP53 mutation were found in 29 and 11 patients, respectively. A total of 14 out of 55 patients had chromothripsis involving different chromosomes. Chromothripsis had a close relationship with TP53 alteration and higher grade. In the entire cohort, chromothripsis was associated with a higher risk of distant metastasis; both chromothripsis and metastasis (ENETS Stage IV) suggested a significantly shorter overall survival (OS). Importantly, in the high‐grade pNENs group, chromothripsis was the only independent prognostic indicator significantly associated with a shorter OS, other than TP53 alteration or pathological pancreatic neuroendocrine carcinomas (pNECs) diagnosis. Chromothripsis can guide worse prognosis in pNENs, and help differentiate pNECs from high‐grade (G3) pNETs.
Remodeling tumor‐associated macrophage for anti‐cancer effects by rational design of irreversible inhibition of mitogen‐activated protein kinase‐activated protein kinase 2
Authors: Wang Danyi , Sun Deqiao , Wang Xiaoyan , Peng Xia , Ji Yinchun , Tang Lu , He Qichang , Chen Danqi , Yang Ye , Zhou Xuan , Xiong Bing , Ai Jing
Published: July 2024

Mitogen‐activated protein kinase‐activated protein kinase 2 (MK2) emerges as a pivotal target in developing anti‐cancer therapies. The limitations of ATP‐competitive inhibitors, due to insufficient potency and selectivity, underscore the urgent need for a covalent irreversible MK2 inhibitor. Our initial analyses of The Cancer Genome Atlas database revealed MK2's overexpression across various cancer types, especially those characterized by inflammation, linking it to poor prognosis and highlighting its significance. Investigating MK2's kinase domain led to the identification of a unique cysteine residue, enabling the creation of targeted covalent inhibitors. Compound 11 was developed, demonstrating robust MK2 inhibition (IC50 = 2.3 nM) and high selectivity. It binds irreversibly to MK2, achieving prolonged signal suppression and reducing pathological inflammatory cytokines in macrophages. Furthermore, compound 11 or MK2 knockdown can inhibit the tumor‐promoting macrophage M2 phenotype in vitro and in vivo. In macrophage‐rich tumor model, compound 11 notably slowed growth in a dose‐dependent manner. These findings support MK2 as a promising anticancer target, especially relevant in cancers fueled by inflammation or dominated by macrophages, and provide compound 11 serving as an invaluable chemical tool for exploring MK2's functions.
Skeletal muscle: molecular structure, myogenesis, biological functions, and diseases
Authors: Feng Lan‐Ting , Chen Zhi‐Nan , Bian Huijie
Published: July 2024

Skeletal muscle is an important motor organ with multinucleated myofibers as its smallest cellular units. Myofibers are formed after undergoing cell differentiation, cell–cell fusion, myonuclei migration, and myofibril crosslinking among other processes and undergo morphological and functional changes or lesions after being stimulated by internal or external factors. The above processes are collectively referred to as myogenesis. After myofibers mature, the function and behavior of skeletal muscle are closely related to the voluntary movement of the body. In this review, we systematically and comprehensively discuss the physiological and pathological processes associated with skeletal muscles from five perspectives: molecule basis, myogenesis, biological function, adaptive changes, and myopathy. In the molecular structure and myogenesis sections, we gave a brief overview, focusing on skeletal muscle‐specific fusogens and nuclei‐related behaviors including cell–cell fusion and myonuclei localization. Subsequently, we discussed the three biological functions of skeletal muscle (muscle contraction, thermogenesis, and myokines secretion) and its response to stimulation (atrophy, hypertrophy, and regeneration), and finally settled on myopathy. In general, the integration of these contents provides a holistic perspective, which helps to further elucidate the structure, characteristics, and functions of skeletal muscle.
On integrability of a new dynamical system associated with the BBM‐type hydrodynamic flow
Authors: Dutykh Denys , Prykarpatskyy Yarema A.
Published: July 2024

This article explores the exceptional integrability property of a family of higher‐order Benjamin–Bona–Mahony (BBM)‐type nonlinear dispersive equations. Here, we highlight its deep relationship with a generalized infinite hierarchy of the integrable Riemann‐type hydrodynamic equations. A previous Lie symmetry analysis revealed a particular case which was conjectured to be integrable. Namely, a Lie–Bäcklund symmetry exists, thus highlighting another associated dynamical system. Here, we investigate these two equations using the gradient‐holonomic integrability scheme. Moreover, we construct their infinite hierarchy of conservation laws analytically, using three compatible Poisson structures to prove the complete integrability of both dynamical systems. We investigate these two equations using the so‐called gradient‐holonomic integrability scheme. Based on this scheme, applied to the equation under consideration, we have analytically constructed its infinite hierarchy of conservation laws, derived two compatible Poisson structures, and proved its complete integrability.
Cubical radiator for three‐dimensional flexible beam controller with multiple radiation beams and directions
Authors: Zhang Zhonghe , Wong Sai‐Wai , Zhang Shu‐Qing , Wu Qi‐Hua , Lin Jing‐Yu , He Yejun
Published: July 2024

A novel approach for generation of the multiple three‐directional and controllable beams from a cubical electromagnetic (EM) wave radiator is proposed in this paper. This cubical radiator is a multiple‐mode EM resonator, which is formed by a cubical metal cavity. Three resonant modes are excited in this cavity resonator by a feeding slot. Besides the feeding slot, a few additional slots are opened on the side wall(s) of the cavity to act as the EM wave radiation elements. Various combinations of radiation slots contribute to different beam directions, for example, side‐direction (single radiation slot), edge‐direction (two radiation slots), and vertex‐direction of the cavity (three radiation slots). More combinations of these slots are further studied in the cases of side + edge and edge + vertex to illustrate the diversity in the directions of the produced EM beams. To validate the predicted results, two prototypes are fabricated and measured to display their far‐field radiation patterns. The measured results agree well with the full‐wave simulated ones, thereby demonstrating the possibility of a large number of the flexible EM beams, as well as the capability of the controllable beam directions.
A novel filtering patch antenna with high selectivity and wide out‐of‐band suppression
Authors: Zhang Zihui , Jiao Yong‐Chang , Hui Caitao , He Linhong
Published: July 2024

In this study, a novel filtering patch antenna with high selectivity and wide out‐of‐band suppression is presented. The antenna consists of a square patch, a metal ground and a feeding line, and four radiation nulls are introduced out of the passband. By designing the stepped feeding line with metal vias, two radiation nulls are introduced out of the passband. A U‐shaped slot is etched on the ground, and a third radiation null is produced. A lowpass filter, integrated into the feeding line, results in the fourth radiation null and the harmonic suppression response. By introducing these structures, the antenna achieves satisfactory frequency selectivity and bilateral wide harmonic suppressions. The proposed design is verified by the simulation and measurement results. Measured impedance bandwidth is 15% (3.33–3.87 GHz), which can perfectly cover the 5G‐N78 band, and measured peak gain can reach 9.0 dBi. The measured edge roll‐off rates in the lower and upper sidebands are 232 and 139 dB/GHz, respectively.
Acetonyl C^N^N platinum(II) complexes of arylbipyridines
Authors: Abramov Vladislav M. , Tokhtueva Maria D. , Melekhin Vsevolod V. , Eltsov Oleg S.
Published: July 2024

This paper presents the first example of the formation of acetonyl tridentate CˆNˆN complexes of arylbipyridines in the reaction of chloroplatinum complexes with acetone in the presence of alkali. The chemical structure of obtained substances was established by means of 1H,13C NMR, COSY, HSQC, and HMBC techniques. The attribution of all proton and carbon signals in NMR spectra was performed using 1D and 2D NMR experiments for the synthesized acetonyl cycloplatinated complexes. A comparative analysis of the values of the C‐Pt spin‐spin coupling constants of the same order was carried out, which showed a significant difference in bond lengths and valence angles inthe cyclic fragments of the arylbipyridine ligand.
Monte Carlo tree search for dynamic shortest‐path interdiction
Authors: Bochkarev Alexey A. , Smith J. Cole
Published: July 2024

We present a reinforcement learning‐based heuristic for a two‐player interdiction game called the dynamic shortest path interdiction problem (DSPI). The DSPI involves an evader and an interdictor who take turns in the problem, with the interdictor selecting a set of arcs to attack and the evader choosing an arc to traverse at each step of the game. Our model employs the Monte Carlo tree search framework to learn a policy for the players using randomized roll‐outs. This policy is stored as an asymmetric game tree and can be further refined as the game unfolds. We leverage alpha–beta pruning and existing bounding schemes in the literature to prune suboptimal branches. Our numerical experiments demonstrate that the prescribed approach yields near‐optimal solutions in many cases and allows for flexibility in balancing solution quality and computational effort.
A novel branch‐and‐bound algorithm for solving linear multiplicative programming problems
Authors: Hu Peng , Gu Hengyang , Wang Bowen
Published: July 2024

This article proposes a rectangular branch‐and‐bound algorithm for solving linear multiplication problems (LMP) globally. In order to obtain a reliable lower bound of the original problem, this article designs a novel linear relaxation programming problem (LRP) that has not been seen in the existing literature. Based on the basic framework of the rectangular branch and bound algorithm, this article proposes an algorithm that can obtain a global solution. According to the structure of linear relaxation programming, the article designs a region reduction technology to improve the efficiency of the algorithm. This article also provides convergence analysis to ensure the reliability of the algorithm. Finally, several numerical experiments are used to demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of the algorithm.
SYNLOCO‐VE: Synthesizing central pattern generator with reinforcement learning and velocity estimator for quadruped locomotion
Authors: Zhang Xinyu , Xiao Zhiyuan , Zhou Xiang , Zhang Qingrui
Published: July 2024

It is a challenging task to learn a robust and natural locomotion controller for quadruped robots at different terrains and velocities. In particular, the locomotion learning task will be even more difficult for the case with no exteroceptive sensors. In this article, the learning‐based locomotion control is, therefore, investigated for quadruped robots only using proprioceptive sensors. A new framework called SYNLOCO‐VE is proposed by synthesizing a feedforward gait planner, a trunk velocity estimator, and reinforcement learning (RL). The feedforward gait planner is developed based on the well‐known central pattern generator, but it can change the foot length for improved velocity tracking performance. The trunk velocity estimator is designed based on deep learning, which estimates the trunk velocity using historical data from proprioceptive sensors. The introduction of the trunk velocity estimator can mitigate the influence of the partial observation issue due to the lack of exteroceptive sensors. RL is employed to learn a feedback controller to regulate the robot gaits using feedback from proprioceptive sensors and the trunk velocity estimation. In the proposed framework, the feedforward gait planner can also guide the training process of RL, thus resulting in more stable and faster policy learning. Ablation studies are provided to demonstrate the efficiency of different modules in the proposed design. Extensive experiments are performed using a quadruped robot Go1, which only has proprioceptive sensors. The proposed framework is able to learn robust and stable locomotion at different terrains and tasks. Experimental comparisons are also conducted to illustrate the advantages of the proposed design over the state‐of‐the‐art methods.
Formation, structure, and morphology of nanofiber mat on the base sodium‐carboxymethylcellulose/polyvinyl‐alcohol/silver nanoparticles composite
Authors: Ergashovich Yunusov Khaydar , Abdupatto O'g'li Atakhanov Abdumutolib , Shodievich Ashurov Nurbek , Ugli Mirkholisov Mirafzal Muzaffar , Sharafovna Rashidova Sayyora , Jiang Guohua , Wan Yi , Yu Miao
Published: July 2024

Stable silver nanoparticles were synthesized in solutions containing sodium‐carboxymethylcellulose and polyvinyl alcohol, and their structure, morphology, and physicochemical properties were studied. The morphology and diameter sizes of the nanofibers of carboxymethylcellulose/polyvinyl alcohol containing silver nanoparticles were investigated using atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The investigations showed that nanofibers with diameter sizes ranging from 50 to 130 nm were obtained from the carboxymethylcellulose/polyvinyl alcohol/silver nanoparticles solution. The size and form of silver nanoparticles formed within the solution of carboxymethylcellulose/polyvinyl alcohol based on nanofiber were determined by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), UV–visible (UV–VIS) spectroscopy, and dynamic light scattering (DLS) investigations, revealing nanoparticles with diameters ranging from 5 to 26 nm. The nanofiber mat containing silver nanoparticles exhibited significant antimicrobial activity against both Staphylococcus epidermidis and Candida albicans. The nanofiber mat containing stable silver nanoparticles could be utilized as an antimicrobial facemask for air filtration and for the treatment of burn wounds.
Limited access to transcranial Doppler screening and stroke prevention for children with sickle cell disease in Europe: Results of a multinational EuroBloodNet survey
Authors: Voi Vincenzo , Gutierrez‐Valle Victoria , Cuzzubbo Daniela , McMahon Corrina , Casale Maddalena , Mañú Pereira Maria Del Mar , D'Agnolo Mirco , Inusa Baba P. D. , de Montalembert Mariane , Colombatti Raffaella
Published: July 2024

Background

Ensuring equitable access to adequate standard of care for patients with rare hematological disease is one of the aims of the European Reference Network (ERN) EuroBloodNet. Stroke is one of the most devastating complications for children with sickle cell disease (SCD). For effective prevention of stroke risk, annual transcranial Doppler (TCD) according to a defined protocol is recommended for patients aged 2–16 years, with red blood cell transfusion therapy for those at risk. There is no information regarding screening for stroke risk and stroke prevention programs in Europe.

Methods

Seven SCD experts of five healthcare providers (HCPs) of ERN EuroBloodNet developed an online survey to assess the access to TCD screening and stroke prevention programs for children with SCD in Europe.

Results

Eighty‐one experts in 77 HCPs from 16 European countries responded to 16 online questions. Thirty‐two of 77 (51%) HCPs were EuroBloodNet reference centers, and 36% physicians reported not having a dedicated TCD/TCD imaging service for children with SCD. Only 30% of physicians provided estimates that all their patients received annual TCD according to the standard protocol due to lack of trained staff (43%), lack of TCD instruments (11%), refusal of patients due to logistical difficulties (22%), and lack of funds for dedicated staff or equipment (11%).

Conclusions

This multinational European survey provides the first comprehensive picture of access to TCD screening and stroke prevention in European countries. Identifying the potential underlying causes of the lack of effective standardized screening, this survey also addresses possible dedicated actions to cover these needs.
Compression characteristics and fractography of in‐situ polymerisable thermoplastic and bio‐epoxy based non‐crimp carbon and glass fiber composites
Authors: Bhatia Gursahib Singh , Fahey Kieran , Hejjaji Akshay , Pothnis Jayaram R. , Comer Anthony
Published: July 2024

This experimental work involves characterization and fractography of a bio‐based epoxy and an in‐situ polymerisable thermoplastic polymer matrix based non‐crimp glass and carbon fiber composites under compressive loading. The laminates are characterized under compression loading using a combined loading compression (CLC) fixture. Laminates made using the thermoplastic matrix exhibit higher compressive strength (approx. 20% along fiber direction) compared to the bio‐epoxy based laminates. Further, both composites exhibit comparable compressive modulus characteristics. The tested composites are subjected to fractography analysis using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Computed tomography (CT). SEM results indicate a difference in fiber‐matrix interface characteristics between the thermoplastic matrix and the bio‐epoxy matrix. Additionally, the CT scans reveal a difference in failure modes due to fiber orientations. A difference between failure mode of the exterior and interior plies of the specimens was also noticed. However, no specific influence of matrix type was observed on the overall macroscopic failure behavior.

Highlights

Bio‐epoxy and thermoplastic based laminates were characterized in compression.

Post‐test fractography was performed using SEM and x‐ray CT scans.

Use of thermoplastic matrix exhibits better fiber‐matrix adhesion compared to bio‐epoxy.

Both laminates performed well in compression under laboratory test conditions.
Fetal phenotype and diagnosis of autosomal dominant Robinow syndrome due to novel DVL1 variant
Authors: Smith Carly M. , Guinon Kristi , Bachir Suha , Tise Christina G.
Published: July 2024

Due to abnormal prenatal ultrasound findings of femoral shortening and flattened facial profile, a G2P0 pregnant patient underwent an amniocentesis at 15 weeks of gestation for proband‐only exome sequencing. Bioinformatic filtering for genes included on the laboratory's extended skeletal dysplasia panel identified a heterozygous, likely pathogenic, frameshift variant in DVL1 NM_001330311.2:c.1575_1582dup; (p.Pro528ArgfsTer149). Pathogenic variants in DVL1 are associated with autosomal dominant Robinow syndrome (ADRS), a genetic disorder characterized by skeletal dysplasia with genital and craniofacial abnormalities. Prenatal ultrasound in the third trimester noted shortened long bones (first percentile for gestational age), macrocephaly with frontal bossing, short and upturned nose with a wide nasal root, triangular mouth, low pedal arches concerning for rocker‐bottom feet, and ambiguous genitalia. A postnatal exam by Medical Genetics confirmed the prenatal findings in addition to hypertelorism, brachydactyly with broad thumbs and halluces, clinodactyly of second fingers, rigid gums with a frontal frenulum, and a sacral dimple. This case describes a novel variant in DVL1 identified in a fetus with prenatal and postnatal phenotypic features consistent with ADRS. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of a prenatal molecular diagnosis of the dominant form of Robinow syndrome and the third case to describe prenatal ultrasound findings associated with this diagnosis.
Registration of ‘AuSable’ navy bean
Authors: Gomez Francisco E. , Kelly James D. , Wright Evan M. , Awale Halima E. , Bales Scott
Published: July 2024

‘AuSable’ (Reg. no. CV‐358, PI 705150) navy bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), developed by Michigan State University AgBioResearch was released in 2023 as an early‐mid season, disease‐resistant, upright, short‐vine bean cultivar with excellent dry down. AuSable was developed with the pedigree breeding method to the F4 generation followed by pure line selection for disease, agronomic, and quality traits. In 6 years of field trials, AuSable yielded 3073 kg ha−1, flowered in 46 days, and matured in 95 days on average. Plants averaged 45 cm in height, with a lodging resistance score of 1.7 and seed size of 22 g 100 seed−1. AuSable combines high yield potential with early midseason maturity in a navy bean seed type. AuSable has outyielded ‘Merlin’ by 17% across 6 years and matured 3 days earlier. It exhibits uniform dry down equivalent to ‘Vigilant’ and is well adapted to the intensively managed, narrow row, direct‐harvested production systems where beans are typically grown in Michigan and the Upper Midwest. AuSable possesses resistance to Bean common mosaic virus, is resistant to anthracnose races 7 and 73, has shown moderate tolerance to white mold, and was as tolerant to post emergence damping off caused by Rhizoctonia solani as other navy beans. It is susceptible to common bacterial blight. The seed size of AuSable (22 g 100 seed−1) is most similar to ‘Valiant’ and slightly smaller than ‘Liberty’ (23 g 100 seed−1). Seed of AuSable meets industry standards for packaging and canning quality in the navy bean seed class.
Field‐evolved resistance to nitenpyram is associated with fitness costs in whitefly
Authors: Lu Hantang , Fu Buli , Tan Qimei , Hu Jinyu , Yang Jing , Wei Xuegao , Liang Jinjin , Wang Chao , Ji Yao , Huang Mingjiao , Xue Hu , Du He , Zhang Rong , Du Tianhua , He Chao , Yang Xin , Zhang Youjun
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND

Elucidating fitness cost associated with field‐evolved insect resistance to insecticide is of particular importance to current sustainable pest control. The global pest whitefly Bemisia tabaci has developed resistance to many members of neonicotinoids, but little is known about whitefly resistance to neonicotinoid nitenpyram and its associated fitness cost. Using insecticide bioassay and life‐table approach, this study aims to investigate nitenpyram resistance status in field‐collected whitefly populations, and to explore whether such resistance is accompanied by a fitness cost.

RESULTS

The bioassay results revealed that 14 of 29 whitefly populations displayed moderate to extremely high resistance to nitenpyram, demonstrating a widespread field‐evolved resistance to nitenpyram. This field‐evolved resistance in the whitefly has increased gradually over the past 3 years from 2021 to 2023. Further life‐table study showed that two resistant whitefly populations exhibited longer developmental time, shorter lifespans of adult, and lower fecundity compared with the most susceptible population. The relative fitness cost of the two resistant populations was calculated as 0.69 and 0.56 by using net productive rate R0, which suggests that nitenpyram resistance comes with fitness cost in the whitefly, especially on reproduction.

CONCLUSION

Overall, these results represent field‐evolved high resistance to nitenpyram in the whitefly. The existing fitness costs associated with nitenpyram resistance are helpful to propose a suitable strategy for sustainable control of whiteflies by rotation or mixture of insecticide with different modes of action. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Implementation and tests of the NLT 3D scheme in the ICON model
Authors: Kuell V. , Bott A.
Published: July 2024

The main goal of this article is to test the long‐term performance of the three‐dimensional non‐local turbulence (NLT) parameterization scheme at different grid sizes in the so‐called gray zone between classical mesoscale modeling ( several km) and large eddy simulations (LES: several 100 m). For this, NLT has been implemented in the numerical weather prediction Icosahedral Nonhydrostatic model (ICON) of Deutscher Wetterdienst (DWD). Results are compared with a one‐dimensional version of NLT (NLT) and with two operational turbulence schemes available in ICON. Comparisons with observations from radiosondes, the operational surface synoptic (SYNOP) station network, and RAdar‐OnLine‐ANeichung (RADOLAN) radar data of DWD indicate that all turbulence schemes investigated perform reasonably well. Nonetheless, a more detailed study of the model results reveals several interesting differences between the turbulence parameterizations to be discussed in detail. Median absolute errors (MAE) from point‐to‐point comparisons between numerical results and SYNOP observations tend to be smaller than those from comparisons with averaging simulated fields over an environment around each station location. This behavior indicates an information loss caused by the averaging process. For the 2‐m temperature () and the hourly precipitation sums (), MAEs decrease with decreasing grid sizes, thus suggesting an information gain for finer grids. The nighttime MAEs of and obtained with NLT and NLT are similar to or lower than those of the operational turbulence schemes of ICON. Moreover, during a shallow warm‐air intrusion, NLT and especially NLT yield a more realistic representation of the horizontal structures of and, during nighttime stable boundary‐layer situations, also . Radiosonde profiles of the potential temperature confirm a reasonable vertical mixing as obtained with NLT and NLT.
Investigating the medium‐range predictability of European heatwave onsets in relation to weather regimes using ensemble reforecasts
Authors: Lemburg Alexander , Fink Andreas H.
Published: July 2024

In this study, the medium‐range predictability of heatwave (HW) onsets in four midlatitude European regions is investigated statistically with the help of ensemble reforecasts for the period 2001–2018. The concept of Euro‐Atlantic weather regimes is adopted to characterise HWs (about 50 in each region) and to study whether forecast skill may depend on the large‐scale dynamical setup. HW onsets over the British Isles and Scandinavia are mainly associated with Scandinavian and European blocking regimes, whereas the “no regime” case is observed more frequently for Central Europe. Stratified by weather regime, the predictability of heatwave onsets is then studied by means of a multiple metric‐based analysis of European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) and Global Ensemble Forecast System Version 12 (GEFSv12) ensemble reforecasts. For two of the regions considered, Central Europe and the British Isles, a conclusive picture is obtained: medium‐range predictive skill is significantly higher for HW onsets associated with Scandinavian or European blocking compared with cases with no pronounced regime. This skill advantage mostly concerns the large‐scale flow and, to some extent, 850‐hPa temperatures, but is generally not reflected in the correct prediction of near‐surface temperatures. Finally, we investigate for two regions how exceptionally good or poor forecasts are related to the atmospheric state during or shortly after forecast initialisation. At 10 days lead time, poor large‐scale flow predictive skill for Central European HW onsets is linked to anomalously high baroclinicity further upstream and an intensified North Atlantic jet stream, whereas good forecasts on average feature an initial state close to climatology. Forecast skill for near‐surface temperatures is not affected by such dynamical precursors, but rather by pre‐existing soil‐moisture anomalies. For the British region, exceptionally good forecasts of both large‐scale flow and near‐surface temperatures are associated with an already established continental blocking. In contrast to Central Europe, pre‐existing soil‐moisture anomalies play less of a role there.
Shrinking economic MPC of constrained nonlinear systems: An event‐triggered constraint relaxation approach
Authors: Tian Yu , He Defeng , Mu Jianbin
Published: July 2024

This article proposes a novel event‐triggered economic model predictive control (EMPC) scheme with shrinking prediction horizon of nonlinear systems subject to the constraints on the state and control. Some auxiliary positive‐definite functions at economic optimal equilibrium points are defined for economic performance functions. The optimal value function of the auxiliary function is used to design an adjustable stability constraint, which is imposed on the original EMPC optimization problem. The stability constraint is relaxed to design the triggered scheme avoiding Zeno behavior, while the prediction horizon is shrinked in different degrees by judging whether the last state within the triggered interval is in the terminal region. The involved parameter can be used to achieve a sensible compromise between system performance and computational complexity. The sufficient conditions guaranteeing the recursive feasibility and stability of the EMPC are derived. Finally, the effectiveness of the algorithm is illustrated by a continuously stirred tank reactor example.
Event‐triggered fault detector design in networked fuzzy control systems under denial‐of‐service attacks
Authors: Tan Cheng , Ding Tongtong , Chen Ziran , Sun Hongtao
Published: July 2024

This article addresses the problem of designing an event‐triggered fault detector within a networked nonlinear system described by a Takagi–Sugeno (T–S) fuzzy model, accounting for time‐varying delays and denial‐of‐service (DoS) attacks characterized by a binary Markov chain. Our focus is on constructing an event‐triggered residual system, which aims to detect malfunctions in the original fuzzy system while optimizing communication resource allocation. Specifically, it is tailored to combat DoS attacks in the event generator‐to‐fault detector channel and mitigate network‐induced time‐varying delays. Utilizing the Lyapunov–Krasovskii function approach, we formulate linear matrix inequalities to establish the necessary conditions ensuring the asymptotic mean‐square stability of the residual system, meeting a predefined performance criterion. Finally, the simulation results are presented to validate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms.
Celebrating the career of Angela Gurnell
Authors: Wharton G. , Bertoldi W. , Francis R. A.
Published: July 2024

This Special Issue arose from a 1‐day international workshop on the theme of Fluvial Biogeomorphology to mark Professor Angela Gurnell's official retirement. As co‐editors, we felt this Special Issue also afforded an opportunity which we could not let pass by to capture some key aspects of Angela's inspiring and impactful career to date. We have written this Preface to accompany the main Editorial as a celebration of Angela's distinguished career and the many contributions Angela has made to physical geography and in particular fluvial geomorphology. We present an overview of Angela's career, insights into key research areas and contributions through a consideration of her publications, and her work inspiring early career researchers through PhD supervision before some final, more personal, reflections.
Featured Cover
Authors: Gurnell A. M. , Bertoldi W.
Published: July 2024

The cover image is based on the Research Article Plants and river morphodynamics: The emergence of fluvial biogeomorphology by A. M. Gurnell and W. Bertoldi, https://doi.org/10.1002/rra.4271.

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Social innovation at the bottom of the pyramid: Effects of informality and sustainable affordable innovation
Authors: Adomako Samuel , Tran Mai Dong
Published: July 2024

Until now, the theoretical exploration of informal entrepreneurship's role in driving social innovation has remained largely unaddressed. This study fills this gap by investigating the impact of informal entrepreneurship on social innovation performance through the mediating mechanism of affordable innovation. Using time‐lagged data collected from 264 firms in Vietnam, we find that (1) informal entrepreneurship positively relates to affordable innovation, (2) affordable innovation mediates the relationship between informal entrepreneurship and social innovation performance, and (3) bottom‐of‐the‐pyramid orientation bolsters the relationship between affordable innovation and social innovation performance. These findings contribute to advancing both informal entrepreneurship and social innovation literature.
Pet your cat, walk your dog: The spillover effects of morning quality time with pets on outcomes during and after the workday
Authors: Hughes Ian M. , Guild Allison , Lamb Keaton , LaRoche Reilly , Stewart Kayla
Published: July 2024

For decades, psychologists have explored dynamics within the realm of human‐animal interaction. Organizational psychologists are no different; research has found that exchanges with pets and other animals have the potential to influence important work outcomes, such as performance, well‐being, and satisfaction. Relatively little is understood, however, regarding the potential spillover effects of human‐animal interaction from the non‐work to work context. To address this gap in the literature, the present research—synthesising Broaden and Build Theory and Conservation of Resources Theory—explores the daily spillover effects of morning quality time with pets on affective, behavioural, and cognitive outcomes for employees, both during and after the workday. It is also suggested that openness to experience may act as a cross‐level moderator for these daily relationships. An occupationally heterogenous daily diary sample of employed pet owners from the United Kingdom (NLevel 1 = 405, NLevel 2 = 81) was used to test these relationships. Using a mixed effects modelling approach, it was revealed that morning quality time with pets was associated with reduced Negative Affect (NA) during the workday, and reduced incivility and withdrawal upon returning home from work. Moreover, higher levels of trait openness to experience strengthened the negative relationships between daily morning quality time with pets and daily workday NA and afterwork incivility. Implications for research and practice are discussed.
Pre‐Intercalation of TMA Cations in MoS2 Interlayers for Fast and Stable Zinc Ion Storage
Authors: Xin Diheng , Zhang Xianchi , Zhang Zhanrui , Sun Jie , Li Qi , He Xuexia , Jiang Ruibin , Liu Zonghuai , Lei Zhibin
Published: July 2024

Applications of aqueous zinc ion batteries (ZIBs) for grid‐scale energy storage are hindered by the lacking of stable cathodes with large capacity and fast redox kinetics. Herein, the intercalation of tetramethylammonium (TMA+) cations is reported into MoS2 interlayers to expand its spacing from 0.63 to 1.06 nm. The pre‐intercalation of TMA+ induces phase transition of MoS2 from 2H to 1T phase, contributing to an enhanced conductivity and better wettability. Besides, The calculation from density functional theory indicates that those TMA+ can effectively shield the interactions between Zn2+ and MoS2 layers. Consequently, two orders magnitude high Zn2+ ions diffusion coefficient and 11 times enhancement in specific capacity (212.4 vs 18.9 mAh g‒1 at 0.1 A g‒1) are achieved. The electrochemical investigations reveal both Zn2+ and H+ can be reversibly co‐inserted into the MoS2‐TMA electrode. Moreover, the steady habitat of TMA+ between MoS2 interlayers affords the MoS2‐TMA with remarkable cycling stability (90.1% capacity retention after 2000 cycles at 5.0 A g‒1). These performances are superior to most of the recent zinc ion batteries assembled with MoS2 or VS2‐based cathodes. This work offers a new avenue to tuning the structure of MoS2 for aqueous ZIBs.
Molecular Orientation Regulation of Hole Transport Semicrystalline‐Polymer Enables High‐Performance Carbon‐Electrode Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Feng Xiang , Gao Yueyue , Huang Xiufang , Wang Jiantao , Dong Cheng , Yue Gentian , Tan Furui , De Wolf Stefaan
Published: July 2024

Carbon‐based perovskite solar cells (PSCs) coupled with solution‐processed hole transport layers (HTLs) have shown potential owing to their combination of low cost and high performance. However, the commonly used poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT) semicrystalline‐polymer HTL dominantly shows edge‐on molecular orientation, in which the alkyl side chains directly contact the perovskite layer, resulting in an electronically poor contact at the perovskite/P3HT interface. The study adopts a synergetic strategy comprising of additive and solvent engineering to transfer the edge‐on molecular orientation of P3HT HTL into 3D molecular orientation. The target P3HT HTL possesses improved charge transport as well as enhanced moisture‐repelling capability. Moreover, energy level alignment between target P3HT HTL and perovskite layer is realized. As a result, the champion devices with small (0.04 cm2) and larger areas (1 cm2) deliver notable efficiencies of 20.55% and 18.32%, respectively, which are among the highest efficiency of carbon‐electrode PSCs.
Pseudohalide‐Based Ionic Liquids: Advancing Crystallization Kinetics and Optoelectronic Properties in All‐Inorganic Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Ebic Murat , Sadegh Faranak , Ans Muhammad , Prochowicz Daniel , Yadav Pankaj , Satapathi Soumitra , Akin Seckin
Published: July 2024

This study delves into the innovative approach of enhancing the efficiency and stability of all‐inorganic perovskite solar cells (I‐PSCs) through the strategic incorporation of thiocyanate (SCN−) ions via pseudohalide‐based ionic liquid (IL) configurations. This straightforward methodology has exhibited captivating advancements in the kinetics of crystallization as well as the optoelectronic characteristics of the resulting perovskite films. These developments hold the promise of enhancing not only the quality and uniformity of the films but also aspects such as band alignment and the efficacy of charge transfer mechanisms. Calculation results corroborate that the incorporation of 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium thiocyanate (BmimSCN) led to a significant redistribution of electron state density and enhanced electron‐donating properties, indicating a substantial electron transfer between the perovskite material and the IL. Notably, the engineered devices demonstrate a remarkable efficiency surpassing 15%, a substantial enhancement attributed to the synergistic effects of the SCN− ion. Additionally, this approach offers inherent stability benefits, thereby addressing a significant challenge in I‐PSC technology. This IL maintains >90% of the initial efficiency after 600 h, while the control device decreased to <20% of its initial value after only 100 h. 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium iodide (BmimI) is also employed to further investigate the effects of SCN− ions on device performance.
Bug numbers matter: An empirical study of effort‐aware defect prediction using class labels versus bug numbers
Authors: Yang Peixin , Zeng Ziyao , Zhu Lin , Zhang Yanjiao , Wang Xin , Ma Chuanxiang , Hu Wenhua
Published: July 2024

Previous research have utilized public software defect datasets such as NASA, RELINK, and SOFTLAB, which only contain class label information. Most effort‐aware defect prediction (EADP) studies are carried out around these datasets. However, EADP studies typically relying on predicted bug number (i.e., considering modules as effort) or density (i.e., considering lines of code as effort) for ranking software modules. To explore the impact of bug number information in constructing EADP models, we access the performance degradation of the best‐performing learning‐to‐rank methods when using class labels instead of bug numbers for training. The experimental results show that using class labels instead of bug numbers in building EADP models results in an decrease in the detected bugs when module is considering as effort. When effort is LOC, using class labels to construct EADP models can lead to a significant increase in the initial false alarms and a significant increase in the modules that need to be inspected. Therefore, we recommend not only the class labels but also the bug number information should be disclosed when publishing software defect datasets, in order to construct more accurate EADP models.
Comprehensive Identification of the Chemical Substances in Effective Component Groups of Polygalae Radix Based on Targeted Tandem Mass Spectrometry Analysis Strategy
Authors: Wang Hongping , Fan Chunlan , Peng Ping , Wang Zijian , Lin Zhaozhou , Zhao Shuwu
Published: July 2024

Polygalae Radix is a commonly used traditional Chinese medicine with multiple pharmacological activities. Modern research have revealed that saponins, xanthones, and oligosaccharide esters are its effective component groups. However, up to date the chemical substances in these effective component groups are still unclear, which has become a fundamental scientific issue needing to be addressed. In our study, an analysis strategy based on targeted tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) analysis was proposed to comprehensively identify the chemical substances in effective component groups. First, the extract of the Polygalae Radix was detected by ultra‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization–orbitrap mass spectrometry in a full MS scan mode to minimize the losses of signals; second, the precursor ions of all compounds were extracted from the obtained full MS scan data using Compound Discoverer software; third, the interested precursor ions were locked based on their molecular features and constructed in a precursor ion list; finally, each precursor ion in the list was subjected to targeted MS/MS analysis for structure characterization. Using our analysis strategy, a total of 565 components were successfully identified.