bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Ethanol Extract Of Sarang Semut Plant (Hypnophytum Formicarum) to Granulation Tissue for Wound Healing After Teeth Extraction Experimental Research on Marmot (Cavia cobaya)
Authors: Ismardianita Efa , Ellanda Fitri , Agus Suci Amalia , Putri Sartika Amelia
Published: January 2017

Tooth extraction is a common thing, more often after extraction patients have any complication, to prevent it, physician provide some drugs from chemicals that often give adverse effects, so that required for a safe substitute medicine, which derived from herbs. One of the herbs are often used by people in the Mentawai Islands is a sarang semut's root species of Hypnophytum formicarum jack. This study aimed to determine the effect of sarang semut’s extract orally for granulation tissue formation in wound healing after tooth extraction. This research is experimental with posttest only control group design. Subjects were 48-animal guinea pigs, were divided into 4 groups: group I (control 0.5% CMC, treatment group II, III, IV with 4,65mg, and 9.3 mg 6,2 mg dose tuber ethanol extract dissolved anthill in CMC 0.5%), were given 3 ml orally, 3 times a day until the day of decapitation. Early research conducted identification and phytochemical screening, this plant belongs to the species Hypnophytum formicarum jack, contain flavonoids, phenols, triterpenoids and tannins. The data was analyzed with non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis, to see the significance between doses used Mann-Whitney. The results showed that the extract of sarang semut effect (p < 0.05) on the formation of granulation system in wound healing after tooth extraction. The most effective concentration was 4.65 mg
Women’s Oppressed and Disfigured Life in Margaret Atwood’s The Handmaid’s Tale
Authors: Zarrinjooee Bahman , Kalantarian Shirin
Published: January 2017

The present study attempts to analyze Margaret Atwood’s (1939- ) The Handmaid’s Tale (1985) based on theories of feminist thinker, Simone de Beauvoir (1908-1986) and applies her theories presented in The Second Sex (1949) that leads to better apprehension of sex and gender. Beauvoir’s ideology focuses mainly on the cultural mechanisms of oppression which cause to confine women under the title of Other to man’s self. In her view woman cannot be a simple biological category, and she asserts that womanhood is imposed on woman by civilization. In her idea, the fundamental social meaning of woman is Other. She believes that biology is the main source for woman’s oppression within patriarchal society, and challenges the discourse through which women are defined based on her biology. She also believes that sexuality is another aspect of women’s oppression and exploitation and all functions of women. In Beauvoir’s view, prostitution and heterosexuality are exploitation of woman. She rejects the heterosexuality as the norm for sexual relations. This paper tries to show how Atwood in The Handmaid’s Tale speculates feminist issues such as loss of identity, subordination of woman in a male dominated society and women’s exploitation in consumer society where woman’s body is treated as an object, a tool and consumable item. Atwood focuses on the problems such as gender inequality, and pitfalls of patriarchal system for women’s oppression.
Prevalence of aneuploidy and additional anatomic abnormalities in fetuses and neonates with cleft lip with or without cleft palate: a population‐based study in Utah.
Authors: Walker S J , Ball R H , Babcook C J , Feldkamp M M
Published: January 2017

To determine the prevalence of aneuploidy and additional major anatomic abnormalities in fetuses and neonates with cleft lip with or without cleft palate.

All cases of cleft lip with or without cleft palate (cleft lip/cleft palate) occurring in Utah from 1995 through 1999 were reviewed by using the Utah Birth Defect Network population‐based surveillance system. All pregnancy outcomes are included (stillborn, live born, and termination) in this analysis.

Of 263 cases of cleft lip/cleft palate, 72 (27.4%) were unilateral cleft lip, 112 (42.6%) were unilateral cleft lip and cleft palate, 12 (4.6%) were bilateral cleft lip, and 67 (25.5%) were bilateral cleft lip and cleft palate. Fifteen (5.7%) of the 263 fetuses and neonates were aneuploid. One (1.2%) with cleft lip (unilateral and bilateral combined) was aneuploid. Five (4.5%) of the fetuses and neonates with unilateral cleft lip and cleft palate were aneuploid compared with 9 (13.4%) of fetuses and neonates with bilateral cleft lip and cleft palate. In known or presumed euploid fetuses and neonates, additional sonographically occult major anatomic abnormalities occurred in 5 (7.0%) of 71 with unilateral cleft lip, 18 (16.8%) of 107 with unilateral cleft lip and cleft palate, 1 (8.3%) of 12 with bilateral cleft lip, and 12 (20.7%) of 58 with bilateral cleft lip and cleft palate. These abnormalities primarily involved the heart and the central nervous system.

Amniocentesis for karyotype should be offered in all cases of cleft lip/cleft palate because of the risk of aneuploidy. Patients should be counseled that sonographically occult additional anatomic abnormalities might be present with all clefts.
Cardiopulmonary function in rats with lung hemorrhage induced by pulsed ultrasound exposure.
Authors: Kramer J M , Waldrop T G , Frizzell L A , Zachary J F , O'Brien W D
Published: January 2017

To assess cardiopulmonary function in rats exposed to pulsed ultrasound using superthreshold exposure conditions known to produce significant lung hemorrhage.

In 1 group of 9 anesthetized Sprague‐Dawley rats, 5 foci of ultrasound‐induced hemorrhage were produced in the left lung of each rat. In a second group of 6 rats, 5 foci of ultrasound‐induced hemorrhage were produced in the left and right lungs of each rat. Each lesion was induced using superthreshold pulsed ultrasound exposure conditions (3.1‐MHz center frequency, 1.7‐kHz pulse repetition frequency, 1.3‐micro‐second pulse duration, 60‐second exposure duration, 39‐MPa in situ peak compressional pressure, and 17‐MPa in situ peak rarefactional pressure). After exposure, the lungs were fixed in formalin and assessed histologically. The total lesion volume was calculated for each lesion in each lung lobe. Measurements of cardiopulmonary function included assessment of pulsatile arterial pressure, heart rate, end‐tidal carbon dioxide, respiratory rate, and arterial blood gases (PCO2 and PO2). Functional data were quantified before (baseline) and 30 minutes after exposure to ultrasound.

In the 9 rats that had lesions in only the left lung, the mean (SEM) lesion volume was 97 (13) mm3 and represented about 3.4% of the total lung volume. In the 6 rats that had lesions in both the left and right lungs, the left, right, and total mean lesion volumes, respectively, were 102 (16), 114 (11), and 216 (18) mm3 and represented about 3.7%, 4.2%, and 7.9% of the total lung volume. There were no statistically significant differences in cardiopulmonary measurements between baseline values and values obtained after exposure to ultrasound in the 9 rats exposed on the left lung only. The 6 rats exposed bilaterally had statistically significant differences in arterial pressure (134 +/‐ 4 versus 113 +/‐ 9 mm Hg; P= .047) and arterial PO2 (70 +/‐ 5 versus 58 +/‐ 4 mm Hg; P = .024) between baseline values and values obtained after exposure to ultrasound.

The severity of ultrasound‐induced lesions produced in 1 lung did not affect measurements of cardiopulmonary function because of the functional respiratory reserve in the unexposed lung. However, when both the left and right lungs had ultrasound‐induced lesions, the functional respiratory reserve was decreased to a point at which rats were unable to maintain systemic arterial pressure or resting levels of arterial PO2.
Evaluation of a gel‐coupled quantitative ultrasound device for bone status assessment.
Authors: Njeh C F , Chen M B , Fan B , Grigorian M , Shepherd J A , Saeed I , Genant H K
Published: January 2017

To evaluate a new gel‐coupled calcaneal quantitative ultrasound system, Osteospace (Medilink, Montpellier, France), which was designed to assess the status of bone in the calcaneus.

The study group consisted of 215 healthy white women aged 20 to 85 years and 51 white women aged 60 to 86 years with osteoporotic fractures. Fifty‐two healthy women aged 50 to 85 years were randomly selected from the healthy cohort as the control group. All the women had calcaneal quantitative ultrasonic measurements. The women with osteoporotic fractures and the control group also had proximal femur and lumbar anteroposterior spine bone mineral density measurements using dual X‐ray absorptiometry. Bone mineral density was also measured in a subgroup of 54 women at the calcaneus.

There was a significant inverse correlation of broadband ultrasound attenuation and speed of sound with age (P < .001). Short‐term measurement precision values expressed as coefficients of variation were 1.72% for broadband ultrasound attenuation and 0.64% for speed of sound, and standardized short‐term precision values were 6.09% for broadband ultrasound attenuation and 3.87% for speed of sound. The correlations between the quantitative ultrasonic parameters and calcaneal bone mineral density were 0.69 (P = .0001) for broadband ultrasound attenuation and 0.45 (P = .0008) for speed of sound. Both quantitative ultrasonic parameters and all bone mineral density measurements of the hip and spine differed significantly between the control and osteoporotic fracture groups (P < .01). Age‐, weight‐, and height‐adjusted odds ratios per SD decrease were as follows: broadband ultrasound attenuation, 1.79; speed of sound, 1.83; spine bone mineral density, 2.34; femoral neck bone mineral density, 1.69; and total hip bone mineral density, 1.85. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve for quantitative ultrasound parameters and bone mineral density measurements were close, ranging from 0.75 to 0.80.

This new quantitative ultrasound system can detect age‐ and menopause‐related influences on skeletal status and can discriminate healthy women from those with osteoporotic fractures in a manner comparable with that of bone mineral density measurement by dual X‐ray absorptiometry.
Subjective versus objective evaluation of amniotic fluid volume of pregnancies of less than 24 weeks' gestation: how can we be accurate?
Authors: Magann E F , Chauhan S P , Whitworth N S , Isler C , Wiggs C , Morrison J C
Published: January 2017

This study was undertaken to compare subjective versus objective ultrasonic evaluation of amniotic fluid volume in pregnancies of less than 24 weeks' gestation. Amniotic fluid volume was subjectively (visualization without ultrasonic measurements) and objectively (visual interpretation with ultrasonic measurements) evaluated in 42 singleton pregnancies undergoing termination. The actual amniotic fluid volume was then determined using a dye‐dilution technique. The women evaluated were in their mid‐20s, primarily African American, and between 15 and 23 weeks' gestation. There was no significant difference in the total number of correct estimates of amniotic fluid volume when the data were stratified by level of operator experience (P = .34), ultrasonic technique (P = .33), or the combined correct subjective versus combined correct objective estimates (P = .68). We have concluded that the accuracy of amniotic fluid volume assessment in pregnancies of less than 24 weeks is not influenced by the level of operator experience or the type of ultrasonic measurement.
State‐of‐the‐art ultrasonography is as accurate as helical computed tomography and computed tomographic angiography for detecting unresectable periampullary cancer.
Authors: Morrin M M , Kruskal J B , Raptopoulos V , Weisinger K , Farrell R J , Steer M L , Kane R A
Published: January 2017

To compare the ability of state‐of‐the‐art ultrasonography with that of helical computed tomography and computed tomographic angiography in detecting unresectable periampullary cancer. In most patients periampullary cancer is unresectable because of either distant metastasis or local vascular involvement. The advent of gray scale and color Doppler ultrasonography has improved the ability of ultrasonography to detect vascular involvement.

Twenty‐three consecutive patients with periampullary cancer were enrolled for prospective staging of their disease by comparing helical computed tomography and computed tomographic angiography with gray scale and color Doppler ultrasonography of the abdomen. Portal vein, superior mesenteric vein, splenic vein, and superior mesenteric artery involvement was graded 0 to 4, grade 0 being no vascular involvement and grade 4 being total occlusion of the vessel. Agreement between ultrasonography and computed tomographic angiography for determining vascular involvement was measured by chi2 analysis.

Two patients (9%) were excluded because excessive overlying bowel gas hampered the ability of ultrasonography to visualize the pancreas. For the remaining 21 patients, there was significant agreement between ultrasonography and computed tomographic angiography for detecting vascular involvement in all vessels (P < .001; portal vein, kappa = 0.67; superior mesenteric vein, kappa = 0.67; splenic vein, kappa = 0.85; and superior mesenteric artery, kappa = 0.59). Ultrasonography was in agreement with computed tomographic angiography in all cases of unresectability. Both modalities were equally poor in preoperatively showing lymphadenopathy and metastases.

Provided that there is adequate visualization on ultrasonography of the head of the pancreas in the periampullary region, then state‐of‐the‐art gray scale and color Doppler ultrasonography are as accurate as helical computed tomography and computed tomographic angiography for detecting the unresectability of periampullary cancer. If performed as the initial investigation and the region of the pancreatic head is clearly shown, and if vascular encasement or occlusion or distant metastasis is identified, further investigations are unnecessary.
The single umbilical artery in a high‐risk patient population: what should be offered?
Authors: Budorick N E , Kelly T F , Dunn J A , Scioscia A L
Published: January 2017

To determine whether fetal echocardiography is warranted in cases of single umbilical artery in a population at risk for aneuploidy.

All cases of fetal single umbilical artery identified over a 2‐year period were reviewed for other sonographically detected abnormalities, fetal echocardiographic results, and karyotype.

Sixty‐five cases of single umbilical artery were diagnosed on the basis of initial sonograms. Five were subsequently shown to have 3‐vessel cords (8% false‐positive diagnosis; incidence, 1.2%). Excluding 3 from twin gestations, 57 cases formed the study population. Thirty‐one fetuses (54%) were initially thought to have isolated single umbilical arteries, and 26 (46%) had nonisolated single umbilical arteries. Fetal echocardiography was performed in 29 cases (51%), 24 (83%) with normal findings and 5 (17%) with abnormal findings. Four (50%) of 8 nonisolated single umbilical arteries had abnormal echocardiographic findings versus 1 (5%) of 21 apparently isolated single umbilical arteries (P < .05; odds ratio, 20). Karyotypes in 36 cases (63%) showed 25 (69%) euploid and 11 (31%) aneuploid fetuses. An apparently isolated single umbilical artery was never associated with an abnormal karyotype. Eleven (50%) of 22 fetuses with nonisolated single umbilical arteries had aneuploidy (P < .005). The side of the missing umbilical artery did not correlate with other sonographically detected abnormalities, abnormal fetal echocardiographic findings, or aneuploidy.

The rate of cardiac malformations seen with apparently isolated single umbilical arteries is significant, and fetal echocardiography should be performed.
Color Doppler ultrasonography of the superior mesenteric artery for prenatal ultrasonographic diagnosis of a left‐sided congenital diaphragmatic hernia.
Authors: Detti L , Mari G , Ferguson J E
Published: January 2017

The incidence of congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) has been estimated as 1 per 2000 to 1 per 4000 births. The etiology of the malformation is unknown, but it has been reported in association with maternal administration of medications such as thalidomide or antiepileptics before closure of the pleuroperitoneal canal at 9 to 10 weeks' gestation as well as having a familial inheritance pattern. Congenital diaphragmatic hernia is associated with other congenital anomalies in 25% to 57% of cases and with chromosomal abnormalities in 10% to 20% of cases. Posterolateral, anterolateral, and pars sternalis defects of closure of the pleuroperitoneal canal encompass the 3 types of CDH. The most frequent type is the left‐sided posterolateral defect or Bochdalek's hernia, which accounts for 81% of cases.
Sonographic screening for fetal aneuploidy: first trimester.
Authors: Souter V L , Nyberg D A
Published: January 2017

Screening for fetal aneuploidy is now possible during the first trimester using sonographic and biochemical markers. The aim of this review was to summarize the efficacy and use of nuchal translucency in screening for fetal aneuploidy, especially fetal Down syndrome, and other anomalies.

We reviewed available literature regarding first‐trimester screening. This includes more than 16 studies of nuchal translucency as a marker for fetal aneuploidy published since 1995.

Although early studies showed wide variation in detection of fetal Down syndrome when using nuchal translucency, more recent studies showed sensitivities of approximately 70% to 80%, for a 5% false‐positive rate. Increased nuchal translucency has also been found to be a marker for other aneuploidies, including trisomy 18, trisomy 13, and Turner syndrome. Maternal serum biochemical screening can be used as a test for aneuploidy during the first trimester The 2 maternal serum markers that appear to be most useful in the late first trimester are the free beta subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin and pregnancy‐associated plasma protein A. Together with maternal age, these markers yield a detection rate for trisomy 21 of approximately 60%, for a 5% false‐positive rate. Because sonographic and biochemical markers appear to be largely independent, their combined risk results in improved detection rates compared with either method alone. As a result, the combination of nuchal translucency, biochemical markers, and maternal age has achieved a detection rate of approximately 85%, for a 5% false‐positive level for detection of trisomy 21. A newly proposed "integrated" approach using a panel of first‐ and second‐trimester markers suggests that further improvement in the screening performance is possible. A number of questions regarding first‐trimester screening remain. We address some of these questions: is first‐trimester screening more effective than second‐trimester screening? How to account for intrauterine lethality? Is earlier diagnosis important, and will it be accepted by patients? Is first‐trimester screening cost‐effective? How should first‐trimester screening be interpreted with second‐trimester tests?

Despite encouraging data and general enthusiasm for first‐trimester screening for fetal Down syndrome and other aneuploidies, a number of questions remain about its implementation in the United States. Multicenter studies currently under way should help answer some of these questions.
Retroperitoneal abscess and mycotic aortic aneurysm: unusual septic complications of central vascular line placement in premature infants.
Authors: Lim-Dunham J E , Duncan C N , Yousefzadeh D K , Ben-Ami T
Published: January 2017

To describe the sonographic appearance of unusual septic complications after central vascular line placement in premature infants.

Two case reports are presented.

The first patient had a retroperitoneal abscess after percutaneous central venous catheter placement. The second patient had a ruptured mycotic aneurysm of the abdominal aorta after umbilical arterial catheter placement.

Retroperitoneal abscess and aortic aneurysm should be considered in patients with histories of long‐standing catheters or line sepsis. Both of these complications are readily diagnosed on the basis of sonography.
Sonohysterography for the diagnosis of residual trophoblastic tissue.
Authors: Zalel Y , Cohen S B , Oren M , Seidman D S , Zolti M , Achiron R , Goldenberg M
Published: January 2017

To assess the efficacy, safety, and associated complications of sonohysterography for the diagnosis of residual trophoblastic tissue.

We conducted a prospective study of 23 consecutive patients admitted to our ultrasonography unit with clinical and ultrasonographic signs of retained intrauterine tissue.

Twelve patients had hydrosonographic features suggestive of residual trophoblastic tissue (i.e., an intrauterine lesion not detachable from the uterine wall after instillation of saline), whereas in 11 cases the hydrosonographic findings were negative for retained tissue. Blood flow was detected within abnormal intrauterine masses in 4 of 12 patients with trophoblastic tissue, whereas it was not detected in any patient without retained tissue (P = .093). No complications were encountered during the procedure or the postprocedure period. None of the patients had anesthetic complications, perforation of the uterus, fluid overload, or any other surgical complication. All 12 patients underwent hysteroscopic removal of the suspected residual trophoblastic tissue, and histologic confirmation of residual trophoblastic tissue was obtained in all cases.

Sonohysterography for detection and diagnosis of residual trophoblastic tissue is an accurate and safe procedure. Further studies comparing the efficacy of sonohysterography with that of diagnostic hysteroscopy are warranted.
Guidance of Retrobulbar Injection With Real‐time Tomographic Reflection
Authors: Chang Wilson M. , Stetten George D. , Lobes Louis A. , Shelton Damion M. , Tamburo Robert J.
Published: January 2017

Objective. Retrobulbar and peribulbar injections are common ophthalmologic procedures used to deliver anesthetics and other medications for ophthalmic therapy and surgery. These injections, typically performed without any type of guidance, can lead to complications that are rare but visually devastating. The needle may penetrate the optic nerve, perforate the globe, or disperse toxic quantities of drugs intraocularly, causing major visual loss. Sonographic guidance may increase the accuracy of the needle placement, thereby decreasing the incidence of complications. However, difficulties arise in coordinating the relative location of the image, the needle, and the patient. Real‐time tomographic reflection is a new method for in situ visualization of sonographic images, permitting direct hand‐eye coordination to guide invasive instruments beneath the surface of the skin. Methods. In this preliminary study, real‐time tomographic reflection was used to visualize the eye and surrounding anatomic structures in a cadaver during a simulated retrobulbar injection. Results. The needle tip was easily followed as it was advanced into the retrobulbar space. Conclusions. The images presented in this preliminary study show the use of real‐time tomographic reflection to visualize insertion of an invasive instrument into the human body.
Three‐dimensional Color Doppler Sonography and Uterine Artery Arteriography of Fibroids
Authors: Muniz C. Joseph , Fleischer Arthur C. , Donnelly Edwin F. , Mazer Murray J.
Published: January 2017

Objective. To assess the accuracy of three‐dimensional color Doppler sonography and uterine artery arteriography in depicting changes in fibroid vascularity before and after embolization. Methods. Preembolization and postembolization three‐dimensional color Doppler sonography and selective uterine artery arteriography were retrospectively compared in 15 patients who underwent uterine artery embolization for treatment of symptomatic fibroids. Three‐dimensional color Doppler sonography was performed by using a scanner with color power angiographic imaging capability. Vascularity was quantified by using an estimation of power‐weighted pixel density as described by our group in previously published studies. Uterine artery arteriography was performed by using a standard selective microcatheter embolization technique. For purposes of comparison, fibroids were classified as either hypervascular or hypovascular relative to myometrial vascularity before and minutes to several hours after uterine artery embolization. Changes in fibroid vascularity (i.e., from hypervascular to hypovascular) as depicted by three‐dimensional color Doppler sonography were compared with those shown on uterine artery arteriography and classified as being in agreement or disagreement. Results. In 13 (87%) of 15 patients there was agreement; in 2 (13%) of 15 there was disagreement. In both cases of disagreement, three‐dimensional color Doppler sonography showed collateral flow not depicted by uterine artery arteriography. The mean reduction in quantitated vascularity after uterine artery embolization was 44% (range, 19%–78%). Conclusions. Three‐dimensional color Doppler sonography accurately depicts fibroid vascularity and in some cases can reveal collateral flow not depicted by uterine artery arteriography.
Nontumorous Vascular Malformations in the Liver
Authors: Bodner Gerd , Peer Siegfried , Karner Martin , Perkmann Reinhold , Neuhauser Beate , Vogel Wolfgang , Jaschke Werner
Published: January 2017

Objective. To investigate color Doppler and spectral wave characteristics of nontumorous vascular malformations in the liver. Methods. From September 1995 to January 2001, 32 cases of vascular malformations were identified by means of color Doppler ultrasonography and spectral wave analysis. Computed tomography, angiography, or both were performed in all cases. Results. Five arterioportal and 14 portovenous malformations, 1 arteriovenous malformation, and 4 portoportal and 8 venovenous shunts were detected. Associations with Rendu‐Osler‐Weber syndrome in 6 cases and with cirrhotic liver in 12 cases were found. Fourteen patients were liver disease free. In 3 cases, interventional procedures were necessary to reduce portal hypertension or cardiac dysfunction. The incidence of finding vascular malformations in 12,000 patients was 0.1%. Conclusions. Nontumorous vascular malformations are rare disorders in the liver. They may appear in patients with healthy livers and in patients with portal hypertension. Color Doppler ultrasonography and spectral wave analysis are capable of showing and differentiating different types of hepatic vascular malformations.
Three‐dimensional Ultrasonography Using the Minimum Transparent Mode in Obstructive Biliary Diseases
Authors: Lee Hyun Ju , Choi Byung Ihn , Han Joon Koo , Kim Ah Young , Kim Kyoung Won , Park Seong Ho , Jeong Jun Yong , Kang Jun Won
Published: January 2017

Objectives

To assess the feasibility of three‐dimensional ultrasonography using the minimum transparent mode in patients with obstructive biliary disease.

Methods

Fourteen patients with obstructive jaundice underwent three‐dimensional ultrasonography after conventional two‐dimensional ultrasonography before interventional procedures. Three‐dimensional images reconstructed by the minimum transparent mode were evaluated and compared with direct cholangiography. The minimum transparent mode images were compared with the two‐dimensional ultrasonographic images to determine whether additional information was obtained.

Results

The level of obstruction was correctly depicted in all patients, and a dilated common bile duct, common hepatic duct, gallbladder, and main intrahepatic ducts were well visualized on minimum transparent mode images. The findings on minimum transparent mode images were well correlated with those on cholangiography; however, the perspective of the whole biliary tree on minimum transparent mode images was inferior to that on cholangiography in all cases. The overall image quality of minimum transparent mode images was poor in 6 patients, fair in 3, good in 4, and excellent in 1. The biliary anatomy was more objectively visualized on the minimum transparent mode images than conventional two‐dimensional ultrasonographic images.

Conclusions

Three‐dimensional ultrasonography using the minimum transparent mode appears to be clinically feasible. The biliary anatomy was more objectively visualized on the minimum transparent mode images than conventional two‐dimensional ultrasonographic images. Further technical development is needed to improve imaging resolution.
Sonographic Imaging of Foramen Ovale Electrodes
Authors: Kurth Christoph , Steinhoff Bernhard J.
Published: January 2017

Objective. In patients with medically intractable partial epilepsy of mesiotemporal origin, video electroencephalographic monitoring with foramen ovale electrodes is necessary to plan neurosurgical interventions. Imaging of these electrodes after implantation hitherto required conventional radiography, magnetic resonance imaging, or computed tomography of the skull. These methods are expensive. Therefore, the aim of our work was to show the capability of more cost‐effective transcranial B‐mode sonography for visualization of the electrodes. Methods. In this pilot study, a 42‐year‐old female patient with implanted foramen ovale electrodes was examined transtemporally with a 2‐MHz sector transducer to visualize the intracranially implanted electroencephalographic recording device. Results. Foramen ovale electrodes could be detected easily in the patient, and bedside monitoring of explantation was possible. Conclusions. We were able to show the applicability of transcranial B‐mode sonography for visualization of foramen ovale electrodes in preoperative electroencephalographic monitoring of patients with epilepsy. Further evaluation of this method in additional patients will follow.
Evaluation of Contrast Enhancement Patterns in Pancreatic Tumors by Coded Harmonic Sonographic Imaging With a Microbubble Contrast Agent
Authors: Nagase Michitaka , Furuse Junji , Ishii Hiroshi , Yoshino Masahiro
Published: January 2017

Objective. The purpose of the study was to assess patterns of primary pancreatic lesions by contrast‐enhanced sonography for differentiating ductal carcinomas from other pancreatic tumors. Methods. One hundred six consecutive patients with pancreatic masses, consisting of 83 ductal carcinomas, 7 endocrine carcinomas, 5 intraductal papillary mucinous tumors, 3 cases of autoimmune‐related pancreatitis, 3 solid pseudopapillary tumors, 2 cases of chronic pancreatitis, 1 serous cystadenoma, 1 osteoclastoid giant cell tumor, and 1 follicular lymphoma, were examined by contrast‐enhanced sonography with coded harmonic imaging in a phase inversion harmonic technique. The contrast enhancement patterns were assessed, and specimens removed during pancreatectomy were subjected to pathologic examination. Results. Internal tumoral vascularity was detected in 47 (56.6%) of the 83 ductal carcinomas. Vascular image spreading and homogeneous staining throughout the tumors were observed in all endocrine carcinomas. Two of the 5 intraductal papillary mucinous tumors were positive for enhancement effects. Enhancement effects were observed in all 3 cases of autoimmune‐related pancreatitis, but the degree varied. There was a significant correlation between the intensity of enhancement effects and the ratio of patent vessels in the tumors (P < .05). Conclusions. Vascularity was detected by contrast‐enhanced sonography in only about half of the ductal carcinomas, confirming the difficulty in distinguishing those tumors from other pancreatic tumors. There was a correlation between the patency of the vessels in the tumors and their vascularity.
Cerebral Blood Flow Velocity Before and After Cerebrospinal Fluid Drainage in Infants With Posthemorrhagic Hydrocephalus
Authors: Nishimaki Shigeru , Iwasaki Yasuo , Akamatsu Hiroshi
Published: January 2017

Objective. Currently, the timing and volume of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) drainage are determined by subjective clinical findings in infants with posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus. The aim of this study was to determine whether measurement of the resistive index is useful for management of CSF drainage in these infants. Methods. We measured the resistive index in the anterior cerebral artery (RI‐ACA) by using pulsed Doppler sonography before and after lumbar or subcutaneous ventricular catheter reservoir punctures in 7 infants with posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus. Results. The increased RI‐ACA values (mean ± SD, 0.86 ± 0.04; range, 0.80–0.89) decreased significantly (0.76 ± 0.05; 0.64–0.83) after removal of CSF at a rate of 5 to 10 mL/kg (P < .0001). Conclusions. We suggest that measurement of the RI‐ACA may be useful for evaluating the efficacy of CSF drainage and to determine how much CSF should be removed in hydrocephalic infants.
Polypoid Adenomyomas
Authors: Lee Eun Ju , Han Jae Ho , Ryu Hee Sug
Published: January 2017

Objective. This study was undertaken to describe the sonographic features of polypoid adenomyomas of the uterus and to determine the diagnostic role of sonohysterography and color Doppler sonography in the evaluation of these lesions. Methods. The sonographic findings for 46 histologically proved cases of polypoid adenomyomas of the uterus, accumulated over 10 years, were reviewed retrospectively. The pathologic diagnoses included typical polypoid adenomyoma (n = 36), atypical polypoid adenomyoma (n = 7), and low‐grade adenosarcoma arising in polypoid adenomyoma (n = 3). Results. Of 46 total uterine tumors, 31 were in the corpus, 12 were in the fundus, and 3 were in the isthmus. The mean tumor size was 3.5 cm (range, 0.5–9 cm). The tumors were polypoid in 30 cases, pedunculated in 11 cases, and sessile in the remaining 5 cases. Of the pedunculated tumors, 5 protruded into the endocervical canal and 2 had prolapsed into the vagina. Three distinct sonographic patterns were identified with respect to the presence of cystic areas: a solid mass (pattern 1) in 12 cases, a solid mass with cystic areas (pattern 2) in 32 cases, and a predominantly cystic mass (pattern 3) in 2 cases. The characteristic sonographic features of polypoid adenomyomas included heterogeneous or homogeneous isoechogenicity relative to the myometrium, a smooth surface, a poorly defined margin with the underlying myometrium, hemorrhagic foci, posterior shadowing, a single vascular pedicle entering the mass, and associated adenomyosis in the myometrium. Conclusions. Knowledge of the sonographic appearance of polypoid adenomyomas may facilitate diagnosis and may help distinguish these tumors from other polypoid uterine tumors.
Alterations in Segmentary Branch Pulmonary Artery Blood Flow Velocimetry in Fetuses of Diabetic Mothers
Authors: Sivan Eyal , Weisz Boaz , Shteinman Nitzan , Schiff Eyal , Lipitz Shlomo , Achiron Reuven
Published: January 2017

Objective. To evaluate pulmonary blood flow in fetuses of diabetic mothers by measuring changes in fetal segmentary pulmonary artery blood flow velocimetry throughout pregnancy. Methods. Thirty‐eight women with pregestational diabetes between weeks 18 and 38 were compared with 99 women with singleton low‐risk gestations as controls. Flow velocity waveforms at the proximal middle and distal segments of the right pulmonary artery were obtained with power and color Doppler sonography in all fetuses. The pulsatility index of each segment was compared between the 2 groups. The mean value and 95% confidence interval for each segment were determined in correlation with gestational age for both groups. Results. The highest mean pulsatility indices were obtained in the proximal segment of the pulmonary artery and were 2.25 in the diabetes group and 2.36 in controls. The mean pulsatility indices were significantly decreased in the middle and distal segments to 1.59 and 1.10 in the diabetes group and to 1.57 and 1.02 in controls (P < .05). There were no significant differences in pulsatility indices measured at the proximal and middle segments between the study and control groups. However, the mean pulsatility index ± SD measured at the distal segment in the diabetic group was 9% higher than in controls (1.10 ± 0.13 versus 1.02 ± 0.12; P = .01). The mean pulsatility index (in the study and control groups) in each arterial segment did not change significantly throughout gestation (P > .1). Conclusions. In human fetuses throughout gestation, the pulmonary circulation maintains stable vascular resistance in both diabetic and normal pregnancies. However, in all gestations, the pulsatility index in each segment of the pulmonary artery is unique and reflects the proximity to the heart and the impedance at each location. The significantly higher pulsatility index in the diabetes group might be related to alterations in the microcirculation of diabetic patients.
Transvaginal Color Doppler Sonography Versus Sonohysterography in the Diagnosis of Endometrial Polyps
Authors: Alcázar Juan Luis , Galan María José , Mínguez José Ángel , García-Manero Manuel
Published: January 2017

Objective. To compare the diagnostic performance of transvaginal color Doppler sonography (TVCD) and sonohysterography (SHG) in the diagnosis of endometrial polyps. Methods. Fifty‐one women (mean age, 51 years; range, 27–75 years) with clinical or B‐mode sonographic suspicion of endometrial polyps were included in this prospective study. Transvaginal color Doppler sonography first and then SHG were performed in all patients. On TVCD, a polyp was suspected when a vascular pedicle penetrating the endometrium from the myometrium was identified. On SHG, a polyp was suspected when a focal polypoid lesion was seen within the endometrial cavity. All patients underwent hysteroscopy and endometrial biopsy, the findings of which were used as the criterion standard. Sensitivity and specificity for TVCD and SHG were calculated and compared by the McNemar test. Results. Hysteroscopy and endometrial biopsy findings were as follows: endometrial polyps, 41; endometrial hyperplasia, 3; cystic atrophy, 4; proliferative endometrium, 2; and endometritis, 1. Sensitivity and specificity for TVCD and SHG were 95% and 80% and 100% and 80%, respectively (McNemar test, P = .5) Conclusions. Transvaginal color Doppler sonography and SHG had similar performance for diagnosing endometrial polyps.
Prenatal Sonographic Diagnosis of Hemivertebra
Authors: Weisz Boaz , Achiron Reuwen , Schindler Amos , Eisenberg Vered H. , Lipitz Shlomo , Zalel Yaron
Published: January 2017

Objective. To describe our experience in prenatal diagnosis of hemivertebra. Methods. This is a case series of patients referred to our tertiary medical center over a 3‐year period. All fetuses were scanned by high‐resolution real‐time scanners. The apparent vertebral anomaly was assessed in a real‐time manner by a joint team of obstetricians, sonographers, and pediatric orthopedic surgeons. A complete anomaly survey of other fetal organs was performed on each fetus. All patients were given proper counseling by the same joint team. All patients had detailed obstetric and neonatal follow‐up. Prenatal sonograms, neonatal medical records, and clinical courses were evaluated retrospectively. Results. During the 3 years, 6 cases of hemivertebra were identified in our department. Gestational age at diagnosis was 14 to 23 weeks. Two patients had conception by assisted reproductive technology. Associated anomalies included VATER syndrome (vertebral defects, imperforate anus, tracheoesophageal fistula, and radial and renal dysplasia), gastroschisis, and pyelectasis. Outcomes in fetuses without major associated anomalies were fair. Conclusions. Diagnosis of isolated hemivertebra might be associated with a favorable outcome. The 3 key factors in achieving an optimal spine at maturity, early diagnosis, anticipation, and prevention of deterioration, might be enhanced by our joint multidisciplinary approach to the diagnosis of skeletal anomalies.
Evaluation of Fetal Pulmonary Vasculature by Power Doppler Imaging in Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia
Authors: Mahieu-Caputo Dominique , Aubry Marie Cécile , El Sayed Mohamed , Joubin Laurence , Thalabard Jean Christophe , Dommergues Marc
Published: January 2017

Objective. To evaluate the feasibility of prenatal power Doppler imaging of pulmonary arteries in congenital diaphragmatic hernia and to study its potential to predict outcome. Methods. A prospective observational study was conducted. Forty‐two cases of congenital diaphragmatic hernia (32 left and 10 right) without associated anomalies were analyzed. Qualitative evaluation of pulmonary vasculature was based on power Doppler imaging performed at 26 to 38 weeks. The pulmonary arteries were studied in the lung contralateral to the hernia. Pulmonary Doppler angiography was considered satisfactory when 3 levels of bifurcation defining 3 distinct segments of the pulmonary arteries were imaged and was otherwise considered poor. We also recorded the gestational age at diagnosis, side of the hernia, abdominal circumference below the third percentile, amniotic fluid volume, lung/thoracic area ratio, left/right ventricle ratio, and, in left‐sided hernias, stomach position, and we carried out a multivariate analysis to determine the contribution of each factor to predict neonatal mortality. Results. More than 3 divisions of the fetal pulmonary arteries were imaged in 20 cases; 1 or 2 divisions or none were imaged in 22. Neonatal mortality was significantly greater when fewer than 3 divisions of the pulmonary arteries were imaged (18 [82%] of 22) than when 3 divisions could be identified on power Doppler imaging (5 [25%] of 20; P = .0005). However, the lung/thoracic area ratio was the only factor that remained significantly associated with mortality in the multivariate analysis. Conclusions. An altered pulmonary power Doppler image is associated with neonatal mortality, but estimation of the lung area remains the best predictor of neonatal outcome.
Reproducibility of Shear Wave Velocity Measurements by Acoustic Radiation Force Impulse Imaging of the Liver
Authors: Guzmán-Aroca Florentina , Reus Manuel , Berná-Serna Juan D. , Serrano Laura , Serrano Cristina , Gilabert Amparo , Cepero Angela
Published: January 2017

Objectives

The purposes of this study were to investigate interobserver reproducibility using acoustic radiation force impulse imaging and to develop an acoustic radiation force impulse scoring system.

Methods

Fifty healthy volunteers with normal liver function test values were selected for the study. Shear wave velocity measurements, expressed in meters per second, were taken in a deep portion of liver segment 6. Two observers with different levels of experience performed the measurements independently and blindly.

Results

All of the measurements taken by the 2 observers were valid, even in volunteers with a body mass index of greater than 28 kg/m2. The results point to very good interobserver reproducibility of shear wave velocity measurements, with an intraclass coefficient correlation of 0.86 (P < .001).

Conclusions

The results of this study show that shear wave velocity measurements using the acoustic radiation force impulse technique and a standardized protocol are accurate and reproducible.
Numerical modeling of a multiscale gravity wave event and its airglow signatures over Mount Cook, New Zealand, during the DEEPWAVE campaign
Authors: Heale C. J. , Bossert K. , Snively J. B. , Fritts D. C. , Pautet P.‐D. , Taylor M. J.
Published: January 2017

A 2‐D nonlinear compressible model is used to simulate a large‐amplitude, multiscale mountain wave event over Mount Cook, NZ, observed as part of the Deep Propagating Gravity Wave Experiment (DEEPWAVE) campaign and to investigate its observable signatures in the hydroxyl (OH) layer. The campaign observed the presence of a λx=200 km mountain wave as part of the 22nd research flight with amplitudes of >20 K in the upper stratosphere that decayed rapidly at airglow heights. Advanced Mesospheric Temperature Mapper (AMTM) showed the presence of small‐scale (25–28 km) waves within the warm phase of the large mountain wave. The simulation results show rapid breaking above 70 km altitude, with the preferential formation of almost‐stationary vortical instabilities within the warm phase front of the mountain wave. An OH airglow model is used to identify the presence of small‐scale wave‐like structures generated in situ by the breaking of the mountain wave that are consistent with those seen in the observations. While it is easy to interpret these feature as waves in OH airglow data, a considerable fraction of the features are in fact instabilities and vortex structures. Simulations suggest that a combination of a large westward perturbation velocity and shear, in combination with strong perturbation temperature gradients, causes both dynamic and convective instability conditions to be met particularly where the wave wind is maximized and the temperature gradient is simultaneously minimized. This leads to the inevitable breaking and subsequent generation of smaller‐scale waves and instabilities which appear most prominent within the warm phase front of the mountain wave.
Chemical Sensing Systems that Utilize Soft Electronics on Thin Elastomeric Substrates with Open Cellular Designs
Authors: Lee Yoon Kyeung , Jang Kyung‐In , Ma Yinji , Koh Ahyeon , Chen Hang , Jung Han Na , Kim Yerim , Kwak Jean Won , Wang Liang , Xue Yeguang , Yang Yiyuan , Tian Wenlong , Jiang Yu , Zhang Yihui , Feng Xue , Huang Yonggang , Rogers John A.
Published: January 2017

A collection of materials and device architectures are introduced for thin, stretchable arrays of ion sensors that mount on open cellular substrates to facilitate solution exchange for use in biointegrated electronics. The results include integration strategies and studies of fundamental characteristics in chemical sensing and mechanical response. The latter involves experimental measurements and theoretical simulations that establish important considerations in the design of low modulus, stretchable properties in cellular substrates, and in the realization of advanced capabilities in spatiotemporal mapping of chemicals' gradients. As the chemical composition of extracellular fluids contains valuable information related to biological function, the concepts introduced here have potential utility across a range of skin‐ and internal‐organ‐integrated electronics where soft mechanics, fluidic permeability, and advanced chemical sensing capabilities are key requirements.
Superior Performance of Microporous Aluminophosphate with LTA Topology in Solar‐Energy Storage and Heat Reallocation
Authors: Krajnc Andraž , Varlec Jure , Mazaj Matjaž , Ristić Alenka , Logar Nataša Zabukovec , Mali Gregor
Published: January 2017

Hydrophilic porous materials are recognized as very promising materials for water‐sorption‐based energy storage and transformation. In this study, a porous, zeolite‐like aluminophosphate with LTA (Linde Type A) topology is inspected as an energy‐storage material. The study is motivated by the material's high predicted pore volume. According to sorption and calorimetric tests, the aluminophosphate outperforms all other zeolite‐like and metal‐organic porous materials tested so far. It adsorbs water in an extremely narrow relative‐pressure interval (0.10 < p/p0 < 0.15) and exhibits superior water uptake (0.42 g g−1) and energy‐storage capacity (527 kW h m−3). It also shows remarkable cycling stability; after 40 cycles of adsorption/desorption its capacity drops by less than 2%. Desorption temperature for this material, which is one of crucial parameters in applications, is lower from desorption temperatures of other tested materials by 10–15 °C. Furthermore, its heat‐pump performance is very high, allowing efficient cooling in demanding conditions (with cooling power up to 350 kW h m−3 even at 30 °C temperature difference between evaporator and environment). On the microscopic scale, sorption mechanism in AlPO4‐LTA is elucidated by X‐ray diffraction, nuclear magnetic resonance measurements, and first‐principles calculations. In this aluminophosphate, energy is stored predominately in hydrogen‐bonded network of water molecules within the pores.