bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fassade mit temperaturregulierenden Photovoltaik‐Paneelen – Ergebnisse aus einem ersten Praxistest
Authors: Horn Sebastian , Seeger Julia , Scheuring Leonie , Weller Bernhard
Published: May 2017

Zur Energiegewinnung an Gebäuden wird Photovoltaik (PV) neben dem Dach zunehmend auch in der Fassade eingesetzt. Der Wirkungsgrad von PV‐Modulen sinkt jedoch mit zunehmender Temperatur. Damit beschränkt sich die Anwendung bisher hauptsächlich auf Kaltfassaden, die eine rückseitige Hinterlüftung zur Kühlung der PV‐Module ermöglichen. Um eine PV‐Integration auch in Warmfassaden ohne kühlende Hinterlüftung zu realisieren, wurde ein temperaturregulierendes Fassadenpaneel für den Einsatz in Pfosten‐Riegel‐Fassaden entwickelt. Durch die Kombination von PV‐Modulen mit rückseitig angebrachten Latentwärmespeichermaterialien (PCM) wird eine Temperaturabpufferung und somit ein besserer Wirkungsgrad der PV‐Module erreicht. Dieser Beitrag zeigt Messergebnisse aus einem Monitoring an einer Fassade mit temperaturregulierenden PV‐Fassadenpaneelen im Freifeld. Die Auswertung von Modultemperaturen und Energieerträgen verdeutlicht dabei das Potential der PCM‐Integration.
Natürliche Lüftung und Nutzerkomfort
Authors: Wellershoff Frank , Friedrich Matthias , Schweers Klaus
Published: May 2017

Die natürliche Lüftung von Gebäuden hat viele offensichtliche Vorteile. Es sind keine energieintensiven Ventilatoren erforderlich und der Raumnutzer ist hinsichtlich der Frischluft keiner Maschine ausgeliefert. Die Planung der natürlichen Lüftung ist jedoch komplex, wenn optimale Ergebnisse bezüglich der energetischen Effizienz und des Nutzerkomforts erzielt werden sollen. Wesentliche Planungsziele sind geringe Primärenergiebedarfe zum Erwärmen bzw. Kühlen der Raumluft sowie die Begrenzung der CO2‐Konzentration der Raumluft und der Schallimmissionen. Um diese Ziele zu erreichen, sind die Lüftungswege und Strömungswiderstände sowie die Steuerung der Lüftungsklappen und der Verschattung aufeinander abzustimmen.
Glasdesign mit steifen PVB‐Folien für den konstruktiven Glasbau: Eine aktuelle Perspektive
Authors: Stevels Wim , Haller Matthias
Published: May 2017

Strukturelle oder steife PVB‐Zwischenschichten wurden bereits vor ungefähr fünf Jahren für den breiteren Einsatz in der Architekturverglasung eingeführt. Im Vergleich zu herkömmlichen Zwischenschichten weisen diese PVB‐Typen höhere Glasübergangstemperaturen und höhere Modulwerte auf. In der Zwischenzeit sind klare Funktionalitäten dieses Materials in Bezug auf das Glas‐Design entstanden. Diese Funktionalitäten beinhalten die Bruchfestigkeit von vorgespanntem Glas, eine erhöhte Kantenstabilität und die Fähigkeit, den Lastwiderstand von Verbundglas zu erhöhen. Diese Ausarbeitung soll einen Überblick über die Entwicklungen seit der Einführung dieser Produkte in Bezug auf die Produktcharakterisierung, Verarbeitung, Qualitätskontrolle und Anwendungsforschung zu geben.
Warum sind Bauwerkintegrierte Photovoltaik‐Fassaden doch nur Glas‐Fassaden
Authors: Bagda Engin , Brandau Kai , Kirchner Robert
Published: May 2017

Bauwerkintegrierte Photovoltaik (BIPV) an Fassaden haben ein großes, umweltfreundliches Potenzial zur Nutzung der Solarenergie im Gebäude. BIPV‐Fassaden sind energieaktive Gebäudehüllen mit einen Beitrag zum nachhaltigen Bauen, zur Senkung der Betriebskosten des Bauwerks und zur Refinanzierung der Gebäudehülle. An BIPV‐Fassaden sind die BIPV‐Module die funktionalen, konstruktiven, gestalterischen und elektrischen Komponenten. BIPV‐Module, wie in der EN 50583 Teil 1 beschrieben, können unterschiedlich an das Bauwerk integriert sein. In diesem Aufsatz werden BIPV‐Fassaden als vorgehängte hinterlüftete Fassade (VHF) nach DIN 18516 Teil 1 und DIN 18008 Teil 1 aus Verbundglas (VG) oder Verbundsicherheitsglas (VSG) in Anlehnung an die DIN EN 14449 beschrieben und gezeigt, dass diese in diesem Kontext wie Glasfassaden zu behandeln sind. Hinzu kommen die elektrischen Anlagenkomponenten für die solare Stromgewinnung, die separat zu behandeln ist.
Maximal Flexibel – Photovoltaik‐Module mit Silikon‐Verbundschicht
Authors: Erban Christof , Ley Heribert
Published: May 2017

Photovoltaik Glas‐Glas‐Module mit Silikon‐Verbundschicht haben vielseitige systembedingte Vorteile gegenüber Modulen, die auf Folien als Verbundschicht basieren. Da die Fertigung bei Umgebungstemperatur und Umgebungsdruck geschieht, werden einerseits die Solarzellen nicht mechanisch vorgeschädigt, andererseits werden in der Verbundschicht keine ungewünschten Spannungszustände “eingefroren”, die aus der Polymerisierung bei den hohen Temperaturen des Fertigungsprozesses resultieren. Die Nutzung einer polymerisierenden Flüssigkeit als Verbundmaterial gestattet es zudem, stark unsymmetrische oder auch gebogene Glasaufbauten herzustellen.
Thermal optimization of curtain wall facade by application of aerogel technology
Authors: Appelfeld David , Carbary Lawrence , Pretzsch Olaf , Hayez Valerie
Published: May 2017

Thermische Optimierung von Vorhangfassaden durch die Anwendung der Aerogel‐Technologie. Der Beitrag zeigt die Verwendung der Aerogel‐Technologie in Fassaden, um Wärmeverluste und Kondensation zu reduzieren. Vorhangfassaden sind oft nicht energieeffizient konstruiert. Der Wärmestrom durch ein stark wärmeleitendes Bauteil, z.B. eine Sichtbetonplatte, kann über 40 % des Wärmeverlustes der Fassade ausmachen, der einer gut isolierten Platte macht weniger als 10 % aus. Herkömmliche Dämmtechniken sind aufgrund des begrenzten Bauraums oft nicht geeignet. Der Beitrag diskutiert mehrere Studien, bei denen die Funktionsfähigkeit eines Referenzsystems mit einer thermisch optimierten Fassade (BIB) mit Aerogel‐Technologie verglichen wird. Die thermische Leitfähigkeit von BIB kann bis zu 0,015 W/mK betragen. Das System ist sehr flexibel und feuerbeständig. Die Verwendung von BIB trug zur Reduktion der thermischen Gesamtdurchlässigkeit der Vorhangfassade um bis zu 30 % bei. Zusätzlich wurde das Kondensationsrisiko signifikant reduziert.
Zweilagige gekrümmte Stahlstruktur mit gebogenem Glas – Lightrailstation, Den Haag (NL)
Authors: Helbig Thorsten , Müller Thomas , Schieber Roman , Oppe Matthias
Published: May 2017

Nach einem Entwurf des Architekturbüros Zwarts & Jansma ist in Den Haag (NL) eine neue Bahnstation entstanden. Das räumliche Tragwerk besteht aus Rechteckhohlprofilen die zweilagig angeordnet und in den Knoten biege‐ sowie torsionssteif miteinander verbunden sind. Da die rautenförmigen Glasscheiben nur auf der äußeren Lage des Stahltragwerks befestigt werden können, sind alle Glaselemente zweiseitig linienförmig gelagert. Die Geometrie der Struktur wurde dahingehend optimiert, die Verwendung sphärisch gekrümmter Gläser zu vermeiden und sämtliche Flächen mit einachsig gebogenen Scheiben zu belegen.
Base‐Modified Nucleic Acids as a Powerful Tool for Synthetic Biology and Biotechnology
Authors: Eremeeva Elena , Abramov Michail , Margamuljana Lia , Herdewijn Piet
Published: May 2017

The ability of various nucleoside triphosphate analogues of deoxyguanosine and deoxycytidine with 7‐deazadeoxyadenosine (A1) and 5‐chlorodeoxyuridine (T1) to serve as substrates for Taq DNA polymerase was evaluated. The triphosphate set composed of A1, T1, and 7‐deazadeoxyguanosine with either 5‐methyldeoxycytidine or 5‐fluorodeoxycytidine was successfully employed in the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of 1.5 kb fragments as well as random oligonucleotide libraries. Another effective combination of triphosphates for the synthesis of a 1 kb PCR product was A1, T1, deoxyinosine, and 5‐bromodeoxycytidine. In vivo experiments using an antibiotic‐resistant gene containing the latter set demonstrated that the bacterial machinery accepts fully modified sequences as genetic templates. Moreover, the ability of the base‐modified segments to selectively protect DNA from cleavage by restriction endonucleases was shown. This approach can be used to regulate the endonuclease cleavage pattern.
Protein Reduction and Dialysis‐Free Work‐Up through Phosphines Immobilized on a Magnetic Support: TCEP‐Functionalized Carbon‐Coated Cobalt Nanoparticles
Authors: Zwyssig Adrian , Schneider Elia M. , Zeltner Martin , Rebmann Balder , Zlateski Vladimir , Grass Robert N. , Stark Wendelin J.
Published: May 2017

Tris(2‐carboxyethyl)phosphine (TCEP) is an often‐used reducing agent in biochemistry owing to its selectivity towards disulfide bonds. As TCEP causes undesired consecutive side reactions in various analytical methods (e.g., gel electrophoresis, protein labeling), it is usually removed by means of dialysis or gel filtration. Here, an alternative method of separation is presented, namely the immobilization of TCEP on magnetic nanoparticles. This magnetic reagent provides a simple and rapid approach to remove the reducing agent after successful reduction. A reduction capacity of 70 μmol per gram of particles was achieved by using surface‐initiated atom transfer polymerization.
Efficient Fusion of Liposomes by Nucleobase Quadruple‐Anchored DNA
Authors: Meng Zhuojun , Yang Jian , Liu Qing , de Vries Jan Willem , Gruszka Agnieszka , Rodríguez‐Pulido Alberto , Crielaard Bart J. , Kros Alexander , Herrmann Andreas
Published: May 2017

Anchoring DNA via hydrophobic units into the membrane of vesicles allows tagging of these nanocontainers with sequence information. Moreover, the hybridization of DNA on the surface of liposomes enables sequence specific functionalization, vesicle aggregation, and vesicle fusion. Specifically, DNA‐hybridization‐based approaches for fusion employing oligonucleotides terminally modified with one or two anchoring units were hindered by a limited degree of full fusion or by significant leakage during fusion. The current work deals with a new strategy for anchoring oligonucleotides on a membrane by lipid‐modified nucleobases rather than by attaching hydrophobic units to the 3′‐ or 5′‐termini. The lipid anchors were incorporated into the DNA sequence via phosphoramidite nucleotide building blocks during automated solid‐phase synthesis allowing variation of the number and position of hydrophobic units along the DNA backbone. Single‐stranded DNA functionalized with four lipid‐modified nucleobases was stably grafted onto the membrane of lipid vesicles. It was found that the orientation of DNA hybridization and the number of anchoring units play a crucial role in liposomal fusion, which in the most efficient system reached remarkable 29 % content mixing without notable leakage.
Oxygen‐Deficient Titanium Dioxide Nanosheets as More Effective Polysulfide Reservoirs for Lithium‐Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Wang Han‐Chi , Fan Chao‐Ying , Zheng Yan‐Ping , Zhang Xiao‐Hua , Li Wen‐Hao , Liu Si‐Yu , Sun Hai‐Zhu , Zhang Jing‐Ping , Sun Ling‐Na , Wu Xing‐Long
Published: May 2017

In this work, oxygen‐deficient anatase TiO2 nanosheets (A‐TiO2−xNSs) are proposed as a substrate to improve the electrochemical properties of sulfur electrodes for lithium‐sulfur (Li‐S) batteries. The A‐TiO2−xNSs are prepared by partly reducing pristine TiO2 nanosheets (A‐TiO2NSs) in NaBH4 solution. With some oxygen vacancies on the surface of the TiO2 nanosheets, A‐TiO2−xNSs not only promote electronic transfer, but also act as more effective polysulfide reservoirs to minimize the dissolution of lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) than the A‐TiO2NSs control. Hence, upon utilization as modifiers for cathodes of Li‐S batteries, the A‐TiO2−xNSs‐modified sulfur (A‐TiO2−xNSs‐S) cathode exhibits a higher reversible specific capacity and greater cycling performance and rate capability than the A‐TiO2NSs‐modified one (A‐TiO2NSs‐S). For example, A‐TiO2−xNSs‐S delivers an initial specific capacity of 1277.1 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C and maintains a stable Coulombic efficiency of approximately 99.2 % after the first five cycles; these values are higher than those of 997.3 mAh g−1 and around 96.7 %, respectively, for A‐TiO2NSs‐S. The enhanced electrochemical properties of the A‐TiO2−xNSs‐S cathode can be ascribed mainly to the more effective adsorption of dissolvable and diffused LiPSs by the oxygen vacancies. Therefore, utilization of the structure of oxygen vacancies in Li‐S batteries demonstrates great prospects for practical application.
Hydrogen Bonds Involving Cavity NH Protons Drives Supramolecular Oligomerization of Amido‐Corroles
Authors: Orłowski Rafał , Tasior Mariusz , Staszewska‐Krajewska Olga , Dobrzycki Łukasz , Schilf Wojciech , Ventura Barbara , Cyrański Michał K. , Gryko Daniel T.
Published: May 2017

trans‐A2B‐Corroles with amide substituents at different positions versus the macrocyclic core have been synthesized. Their self‐organizing properties have been comprehensively evaluated both in solid‐state and in solution. The rigid arrangement of the amide functionality with the corrole ring led to the formation of strong intramolecular interactions and precluded intermolecular interactions. Replacement of sterically hindered C6F5 substituents at positions 5 and 15 with smaller electron‐withdrawing CO2Me groups resulted in significant changes in the self‐assembly pattern. With these substituents, tetramers formed in a crystalline state, in which one of the H‐pyrrole subunits is out of the corrole plane. This allows the N‐H group to form a hydrogen bond with a neighboring carbonyl group of the n‐butyl amide fragment. DOSY NMR studies showed that amido‐corroles bearing the OCH2CONHnBu motif formed dimers in millimolar solutions in nonpolar solvents and the dimers existed in equilibrium with monomers. However, the corroles possessing meso‐ester groups did not form dimers in polar tetrahydrofuran. Comprehensive optical studies allowed the absorption and emission features of the monomer corroles to be characterized in dilute solutions.
[11C]Fluoroform, a Breakthrough for Versatile Labeling of PET Radiotracer Trifluoromethyl Groups in High Molar Activity
Authors: Haskali Mohammad B. , Pike Victor W.
Published: May 2017

Positron‐emission tomography (PET) is an immensely important imaging modality in biomedical research and drug development but must use selective radiotracers to achieve biochemical specificity. Such radiotracers are usually labeled with carbon‐11 (t1/2=20 min) or fluorine‐18 (t1/2=110 min), but these are only available from cyclotrons in a few simple chemical forms. [18F]Fluoroform has emerged for labeling tracers in trifluoromethyl groups but is severely limited in utility by low radioactivity per mass (low molar activity). Here, the synthesis of [11C]fluoroform is described, based on CoF3‐mediated fluorination of cyclotron‐produced [11C]methane. This process is efficient and repetitively reliable. [11C]Fluoroform shows versatility for labeling small molecules in very high molar activity (>200 GBq μmol−1), far exceeding that possible by using [18F]fluoroform. Therefore, [11C]fluoroform represents a major breakthrough for labeling prospective PET tracers in trifluoromethyl groups at high molar activity.
How we treat germ cell cancers
Authors: Lorch Anja , Beyer Jörg
Published: May 2017

High cure rates and long‐term survival for patients with germ cell cancer create an obligation to get it absolutely right. This can best be achieved by interdisciplinary teams at specialized units that see large numbers of germ cell cancer patients regularly.
The association between complications and quality of life after mastectomy and breast reconstruction for breast cancer
Authors: Browne John P. , Jeevan Ranjeet , Gulliver‐Clarke Carmel , Pereira Jerome , Caddy Christopher M. , van der Meulen Jan H. P.
Published: May 2017

BACKGROUND

Medical treatment for breast cancer is associated with substantial toxicity and patient burden. There is less known about the impact of surgical complications. Understanding this impact could provide important information for patients when they are considering surgical options.

METHODS

Between 2008 and 2009, the UK National Mastectomy and Breast Reconstruction Audit recorded surgical complications for a prospective cohort of 17,844 women treated for breast cancer at 270 hospitals; 6405 of these women were surveyed about their quality of life 18 months after surgery. Breast appearance, emotional well‐being, and physical well‐being were quantified on 0‐ to 100‐point scales. Linear multiple regression models, controlling for a range of baseline prognostic factors, were used to compare the scores of patients who had complications with the scores of those who did not.

RESULTS

The overall complication rate was 10.2%. Complications were associated with little or no impairment in women undergoing mastectomy without reconstruction or with delayed reconstruction. The association was much larger for flap‐related complications suffered during immediate reconstruction. The breast‐appearance scores (adjusted mean difference, –23.8; 95% confidence interval [CI], –31.0 to –16.6) and emotional well‐being scores (adjusted mean difference, –14.0; 95% CI, –22.0 to –6.0) of these patients were much lower than those of any other patient group. Implant‐related complications were not associated with a lower quality of life in any surgical group.

CONCLUSIONS

There is a strong case for prospectively collecting flap‐complication rates at the surgeon and surgical unit level and for allowing patients to access these data when they make choices about their breast cancer surgery. Cancer 2017;123:3460‐7. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
Syntheses, analytical and pharmacological characterizations of the ‘legal high’ 4‐[1‐(3‐methoxyphenyl)cyclohexyl]morpholine (3‐MeO‐PCMo) and analogues
Authors: Colestock Tristan , Wallach Jason , Mansi Matt , Filemban Nadine , Morris Hamilton , Elliott Simon P. , Westphal Folker , Brandt Simon D. , Adejare Adeboye
Published: May 2017

New psychoactive substances (NPS) are commonly referred to as ‘research chemicals’, ‘designer drugs’ or ‘legal highs’. One NPS class is represented by dissociative anesthetics, which include analogues of the arylcyclohexylamine phencyclidine (PCP), ketamine and diphenidine. A recent addition to the NPS market was 4‐[1‐(3‐methoxyphenyl)cyclohexyl]morpholine (3‐MeO‐PCMo), a morpholine analogue of 3‐MeO‐PCP. Although suspected to have dissociative effects in users, information about its pharmacological profile is not available. From clinical and forensic perspectives, detailed analytical data are needed for identification, especially when facing the presence of positional isomers, as these are frequently unavailable commercially. This study presents the analytical and pharmacological characterization of 3‐MeO‐PCMo along with five additional analogues, namely the 2‐ and 4‐MeO‐PCMo isomers, 3,4‐methylenedioxy‐PCMo (3,4‐MD‐PCMo), 3‐Me‐PCMo and PCMo. All six arylcyclohexylmorpholines were synthesized and characterized using chromatographic, mass spectrometric and spectroscopic techniques. The three positional isomers could be differentiated and the identity of 3‐MeO‐PCMo obtained from an internet vendor was verified. All six compounds were also evaluated for affinity at 46 central nervous system receptors including the N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate receptor (NMDAR), an important target for dissociative anesthetics such as PCP and ketamine. In vitro binding studies using (+)‐[3‐3H]‐MK‐801 in rat forebrain preparations revealed moderate affinity for NMDAR in the rank order of 3‐Me >3‐MeO > PCMo >3,4‐MD > 2‐MeO > 4‐MeO‐PCMo. 3‐MeO‐PCMo was found to have moderate affinity for NMDAR comparable to that of ketamine, and had an approximate 12‐fold lower affinity than PCP. These results support the anecdotal reports of dissociative effects from 3‐MeO‐PCMo in humans.
Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of meldonium in exercised thoroughbred horses
Authors: Knych Heather K. , Stanley Scott D. , McKemie Dan S. , Arthur Rick M. , Bondesson Ulf , Hedeland Mikael , Thevis Mario , Kass Philip H.
Published: May 2017

Although developed as a therapeutic medication, meldonium has found widespread use in human sports and was recently added to the World Anti‐Doping Agency's list of prohibited substances. Its reported abuse potential in human sports has led to concern by regulatory authorities about the possible misuse of meldonium in equine athletics. The potential abuse in equine athletes along with the limited data available regarding the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of meldonium in horses necessitates further study. Eight exercised adult thoroughbred horses received a single oral dose of 3.5, 7.1, 14.3 or 21.4 mg/kg of meldonium. Blood and urine samples were collected and analyzed using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Pharmacokinetic parameters were determined using non‐compartmental analysis. Maximum serum concentrations ranged from 440.2 to 1147 ng/mL and the elimination half‐life from 422 to 647.8 h. Serum concentrations were below the limit of quantitation by days 4, 7, 12 and 12 for doses of 3.5, 7.1, 14.3 and 21.4 mg/kg, respectively. Urine concentrations were below the limit of detection by day 44 following administration of 3.5 mg/kg and day 51 for all other dose groups. No adverse effects were observed following meldonium administration. While the group numbers were small, changes in heart rate were observed in the 3.5 mg/kg dose group (n = 1). Glucose concentrations changed significantly in all dose groups studied (n = 2 per dose group). Similar to that reported for humans, the detection time of meldonium in biological samples collected from horses is prolonged, which should allow for satisfactory regulation in performance horses. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Insular biogeography and population genetics of dwarf mistletoe (Arceuthobium americanum) in the Central Rocky Mountains
Authors: Hill Roy , Loxterman Janet L. , Aho Ken
Published: May 2017

Lodgepole pine dwarf mistletoe (Arceuthobium americanum), an aggressive parasite of lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta subsp. latifolia), is limited, in the Central Rocky Mountains, to montane host “islands.” We sought to quantify the effect of the insularity and life history of A. americanum on its population genetic structure by considering three questions: (1) Do apparent limits to A. americanum pollen and seed dispersal affect gene flow at small spatial scales? (2) Are patterns of genetic diversity on montane “islands” and “mainlands” consistent with the predictions of island biogeographic theory? (3) What is the origin and genetic relationship of “island” and “mainland” populations of A. americanum within the Central Rocky Mountain study area? We used seven A. americanum microsatellite markers developed specifically for the project to genotype 241 individuals from six populations (four “island” and two “mainland” locations) at the western edge of the Central Rocky Mountains, Idaho, USA. All loci were unlinked and polymorphic with a range of 4–24 alleles per locus. To consider gene flow, we performed spatial analyses and compared F‐statistics from our data to those from a wide range of species and functional groups. We tested the predictions of biogeographic theory by quantifying associations of genetic diversity with “island” area and isolation from “mainland” populations. To consider the genetic relationships of “island” and “mainland” regions, we applied agglomerative and Bayesian hierarchical classifications to datasets, and objectively identified the optimal numbers of clusters in these analyses. We found that FIS values in A. americanum were similar to those reported for dispersal‐limited species with similar life‐history characteristics, and FST values were similar to those reported for plants with animal‐facilitated seed dispersal. As predicted by biogeographic theory, island allelic richness was positively correlated with geographic size of the population and negatively correlated with distance from mainland populations. Average linkage (UPGMA) classifications and Bayesian cluster analyses both identified two groupings of island populations radiating from the mainland populations. Our results are likely to be of interest to foresters managing dwarf mistletoe infections, particularly in the Central Rocky Mountains, and to ecologists and geneticists working with insular population distributions.
The renal–cardiac connection in subjects with preserved ejection fraction: a population based study
Authors: Jain Amit , Scott Christopher , Chen Horng H.
Published: May 2017

Aims

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is prevalent and is associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The interaction between diastolic dysfunction (DD) and CKD in subjects with preserved systolic function is not well defined. This study sought to determine the association between renal function and DD in subjects with preserved ejection fraction.

Methods and results

Through the Rochester Epidemiology Project, subjects who underwent echocardiography over 2 years with EF ≥50% were identified and the clinical data were obtained. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was estimated using the modification of diet in renal disease equation. Linear regression was used to test for association of GFR and DD. DD was defined as follows: Grade 2 or pseudonormal pattern (0.75 < E/A ≤ 1.5, E/e′ ≥ 10, DT > 140 ms, ΔE/A ≥ 0.5, and PV S < D) or Grade 3+ or restrictive pattern (E/A > 1.5, E/e′ ≥ 10, DT < 140 ms, and PV S < D). Cox regression was used to assess correlation of GFR and DD with time‐to‐event outcomes. A total of 2056 patients were identified. There was significant correlation between worsening GFR and degree of DD assessed by echo Doppler E/e′ ratio (P = 0.005), left ventricular mass index (P = 0.004), and right ventricular systolic pressure (P = 0.01). Worsening GFR was associated with increased mortality, development of heart failure, and hospitalization (P < 0.001). Within each GFR group, abnormal DD was associated with a higher risk of the clinical outcomes. No interaction between GFR and DD was noted, suggesting an increased risk of events associated with abnormal DD across ranges of GFR.

Conclusions

Worsening GFR was associated with a greater degree of diastolic dysfunction and adverse clinical outcomes. Within each GFR group, the presence of DD was associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Further studies are warranted to determine if improving DD in patients with CKD will benefit clinical outcomes.
Total Synthesis of Pseudellone C
Authors: Sathieshkumar P. Pon , Latha Penchala , Nagarajan Rajagopal
Published: May 2017

The first chemical synthesis of a bisindole alkaloid, pseudellone C, was achieved in 44 % overall yield. The highlighting features of the synthesis include the fact that it is protecting‐group free, economic and commercially available starting materials are used, and the pure product can be obtained on a gram scale through one single purification process. The key step of this synthesis is the formation of an amide bond between the two major cores of the natural product.
Chemical and nutritional properties of channel and hybrid catfish byproducts
Authors: Bechtel Peter J. , Bland John M. , Bett‐Garber Karen L. , Grimm Casey C. , Brashear Suzanne S. , Lloyd Steven W. , Watson Michael A. , Lea Jeanne M.
Published: May 2017

The objective of this study was to chemically characterize both channel and hybrid catfish parts including heads, frames, viscera, skin, and fillet trimming mince. Triplicate samples of channel and hybrid catfish byproduct parts were obtained from a large commercial catfish processor and analyzed for percent moisture, lipid, protein, ash, and amino acid and fatty acid profiles were determined. The content of the off‐flavor compounds, 2‐methylisoborneol (MIB) and geosmin were also determined. The lipid content of samples were 13.6% and 10.0% for channel and hybrid skins, 17.7% and 21.4% for channel and hybrid viscera, 20.0% and 19.1% for channel and hybrid frames, and 9.7% and 9.3% for channel and hybrid heads. The protein content of samples ranged from a high of 22.8% for channel catfish skins, to a low of 13.4% for channel frames. Low levels of geosmin, <1 ppb, were detected in the byproduct samples, while no MIB was detected. Palmitic, oleic, and linoleic acid comprised approximately 80% of the fatty acids in the byproduct tissues. The amino acid profiles indicated that the catfish mince had high levels of lysine and methionine and other essential amino acids. Results from this study will be used in the development of new value‐added products from catfish byproducts.
One‐year quality of life and functional outcomes of transoral robotic surgery for carcinoma of unknown primary
Authors: Ozbay Isa , Yumusakhuylu Ali Cemal , Sethia Rishabh , Wei Lai , Old Matthew , Agrawal Amit , Teknos Theodoros , Ozer Enver
Published: May 2017

Background

The purpose of this study was to assess the quality of life (QOL) outcomes in patients who underwent transoral robotic surgery (TORS) for carcinoma of unknown primary (CUP).

Methods

Twenty‐nine patients with CUP were administered the Head and Neck Cancer Inventory (HNCI) prospectively to evaluate QOL preoperatively and postoperatively.

Results

There was statistically and clinically significant deterioration in 2 of 4 domains (eating and social disruption) in the immediate aftermath of TORS. There was statistically and clinically meaningful deterioration in all 4 domains at 3 months relative to baseline, and there remained statistically and clinically meaningful deterioration in 2 of 4 domains at 6 months compared to baseline. These 2 domains remained statistically and clinically worse than baseline at 12 months. Speech and aesthetics domain scores were comparable at baseline and 12 months.

Conclusion

Patients reported difficulties with eating and social disruption over the course of 1 year, but problems with speech and appearance abated.
Salvage of postcranioplasty implant exposure using free tissue transfer
Authors: Chou Pang‐Yun , Lin Cheng‐Hung , Hsu Chung‐Chen , Yang Wei‐Hsun , Kane Alex A. , Lin Chih‐Hung
Published: May 2017

Background

Refractory implant exposure is frustrating after cranioplasty. The purpose of this study was for the authors to present their experience with free tissue transfer for salvage of postcranioplasty implant exposure.

Methods

A retrospective medical chart review was conducted on all free tissue transfers performed for exposed implant coverage after cranioplasty between January 2004 and February 2016.

Results

Twelve free flaps were performed in 11 patients who underwent postcranioplasty with implant exposure, and whose attempted implant coverage using locoregional flaps had failed. The free flaps used included anterolateral thigh flap, radial forearm flap, anteromedial thigh and rectus femoris chimeric flap, latissimus dorsi flap, gracilis flap, and Juri flap. The flap survival rate was 100%, and 10 of 11 implants (91%) were salvaged without removal.

Conclusions

Free tissue transfer should be considered as the preferred reconstructive option for postcranioplasty exposed implant salvage. High rate of implant salvage (>90%) is possible even with chronic implant exposure (>3 months).
Flow and heat transfer of a Giesekus fluid in plane and 3D ducts
Authors: Al Melhi S. , Filali A. , Khezzar L. , Alshehhi M.
Published: May 2017

This study aims to investigate the Graetz problem of Newtonian and viscoelastic fluid obeying Giesekus model using ANSYS Polyflow solver. The non‐isothermal flow in straight ducts of circular and noncircular cross‐sections under the constant heat flux boundary conditions is considered. The effect of the mobility parameter (α), fluid elasticity defined by Weissenberg number (We) and Reynolds number (Re) on the flow field, secondary flows, and the fully developed and developing Nusselt number along the ducts length are investigated for all geometries. The obtained results are of great importance for practical application in the polymer industries such as polymer melt.
Accelerated melting of PCM in a multitube annulus‐type thermal storage unit using lattice Boltzmann simulation
Authors: Jourabian Mahmoud , Farhadi Mousa , Rabienataj Darzi Ahmad Ali
Published: May 2017

Melting of the ice/water as the phase change material in a horizontal single‐tube annulus is sluggish when the stable stratification exists at the bottom of the configuration. To obviate this problem, three heat transfer enhancement techniques could be implemented using the enthalpy‐based lattice Boltzmann method with the double distribution function method to accelerate the process. The multifarious arrangements of the tubes in this horizontal annulus are investigated to expand the region affected by the natural convection. Also, the dispersion of the Cu nanoparticles in the base PCM could boost the thermal conductivity and melting rate. Finally, the metallic porous matrix made of nickel–steel alloys and saturated with the base PCM could be used to enhance the thermal conductivity of the base PCM. The solid–liquid phase change process is defined as the constrained melting of ice‐water in the tube heating mode. There is a thermal equilibrium between ice/water and the nickel–steel porous matrix and the Cu nanoparticles. The Prandtl number, Stefan number, Rayleigh number, and Darcy number are 6.2, 1, 104–105, and 10−3, respectively. The volumetric concentric of the nanoparticles is between 0 and 0.02 and the porosity ranging from 1 to 0.9 in the representative elementary volume scale.
Potential role and prognostic importance of dishevelled‐2 in epithelial ovarian cancer
Authors: Liu Rong , Cheng Jialin , Chen Yannan , Wang Wei , Chen Jie , Mao Guoxin
Published: May 2017

Objective

To investigate the role and prognostic importance of Dvl2 in human epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC).

Methods

A multimethod study was undertaken including patients with pathologically confirmed non‐metastatic EOC who underwent surgery for maximum tumor resection at a center in China. Dvl2 expression was assessed by western blot using fresh EOC tissues and normal ovarian tissues obtained between June 2014 and January 2015. Additionally, retrospective data were obtained for patients treated between April 2004 and September 2009. Their tumor specimens were used in immunohistochemistry analysis. Kaplan–Meier survival plots were constructed to estimate the overall survival by Dvl2 expression, and a Cox proportional hazards model was used to analyze prognostic factors. Alterations in Dvl2 expression during the cell cycle were assessed by a starvation and refeeding assay.

Results

Dvl2 expression was higher in EOC samples than in normal tissues on western blot. Overall, 124 patients were included in immunohistochemistry analysis, and Dvl2 expression level was significantly associated with the tumor grade and Ki‐67 expression. Overexpression of Dvl2 was correlated with poor prognosis. The pattern of Dvl2 expression throughout the cell cycle matched that of the cell proliferation marker cyclin D1.

Conclusion

Dvl2 could play a part in EOC progression and might be an independent prognostic factor. Additionally, it might be a prospective therapeutic target in the treatment of EOC.
Network Meta‐Analysis on the Effects of DNA Damage Response‐Related Gene Mutations on Overall Survival of Breast Cancer Based on TCGA Database
Authors: Liu Chang , Chang Hong , Li Xiao‐Han , Qi Ya‐Fei , Wang Jin‐Ou , Zhang Ying , Yang Xiang‐Hong
Published: May 2017

The study was conducted for comparing the effects of 12 DNA damage response gene mutations (CHEK1, CHEK2, RAD51, BRCA1, BRCA2, MLH1, MSH2, ATM, ATR, MDC1, PARP1, and FANCF) on the overall survival (OS) of breast cancer (BC) patients. We searched the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database from inception to September 2016. Studies that investigated the association between 12 DNA damage responses related genes and BC consolidated into this Network meta‐analysis, by comparing directly or indirectly to evaluate the hazard rate (HR) value and the surface under the cumulative sequence ranking curves (SUCRA). In total four articles were involved. Our results demonstrated 12 DNA damage response gene mutations were associated to the poor prognosis of BC patients (CHEK1: HR = 9.9, 95%CI = 3.6–26.0; CHEK2: HR = 6.9, 95%CI = 3.1–15.0; RAD51: HR = 5.8, 95%CI = 2.2–15.0; BRCA1: HR = 2.8, 95%CI = 1.3–6.1; BRCA2: HR = 3.9, 95%CI = 2.0–7.7; MLH1: HR = 11.0, 95%CI = 3.4–33.0; MSH2: HR = 6.5, 95%CI = 2.1–20.0; ATM: HR = 5.6, 95%CI = 2.6–12.0; ATR: HR = 2.9, 95%CI = 1.3–6.9; MDC1: HR = 15.0, 95%CI = 5.0–45.0; PARP1: HR = 3.4, 95%CI = 1.8–6.6; FANCF: HR = 6.0, 95%CI = 1.8–20.0). SUCRA results revealed that the mutation of MDC1 gene was related to the worst prognosis in patients with BC (SUCRA = 17.32%). DNA damage response gene mutations were associated to the poor prognosis in patients with BC and the BC patients with MDC1 gene mutation had the worst prognosis. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 4728–4734, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
LncRNA PTCSC3/miR‐574‐5p Governs Cell Proliferation and Migration of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma via Wnt/β‐Catenin Signaling
Authors: Wang Xiaoming , Lu Xiubo , Geng Zushi , Yang Guoyu , Shi Yang
Published: May 2017

The distance metastases of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) were a major threaten for PTC patients, thus, to study the potential mechanism for the treatment of PTC was essential. Previous studies have shown that PTCSC3 (Thyroid Carcinoma Susceptibility Candidate 3), miR‐574‐5p and Wnt/β‐catenin were involved in PTC, but the potential pathogenic mechanism among them was still unclear. Real‐time PCR and Western blot were used to detect genes expression. Luciferase reporter assay was used to detect the combination of miR‐574‐5p and suppressor of cancer cell invasion (SCAI), as well as the ratio of TOP/FOP. RNA Pull‐down assay verified the bound of PTCSC3 and miR‐574‐5p. MTT assay, Transwell assay, and wound scratch assay were used to detect cell viability and cell migration. The expression of PTCSC3 and SCAI were decreased, while miR‐574‐5p and β‐catenin were increased in PTC tissues and cells. Overexpressed PTCSC3 suppressed cell proliferation and migration, promoted the expression of SCAI, but inhibited β‐catenin. PTCSC3 absorbed miR‐574‐5p, and miR‐574‐5p targeted to SCAI; SCAI could regulate the activity of Wnt/β‐catenin. PTCSC3/miR‐574‐5p regulated the activity of Wnt/β‐catenin via SCAI and mediated cell proliferation and migration of PTC‐1. In vivo experiments verified the fact that overexpressed PTCSC3 inhibited tumor growth. The signaling PTCSC3‐miR‐574‐5p‐SCAI‐Wnt/β‐catenin mediated the proliferation and migration of PTC‐1 cells, which was vital for the further PTC therapy and prognosis. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 4745–4752, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effect of Steady‐State Faldaprevir on Pharmacokinetics of Atorvastatin or Rosuvastatin in Healthy Volunteers: A Prospective Open‐Label, Fixed‐Sequence Crossover Study
Authors: Huang Fenglei , Marzin Kristell , Koenen Rüdiger , Kammerer Klaus Peter , Strelkowa Natalja , Elgadi Mabrouk , Quinson Anne‐Marie , Haertter Sebastian
Published: May 2017

Faldaprevir (FDV) is a potent, orally administered inhibitor of hepatitis C virus protease. It inhibits multiple cytochrome P‐450 enzymes and multiple membrane transporters. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of steady‐state faldaprevir on the pharmacokinetics (PK) of a single dose of atorvastatin or rosuvastatin. In this single‐center, open‐label, fixed‐sequence crossover study, 33 healthy adult male and female volunteers were given either atorvastatin 10 mg (n = 16) or rosuvastatin 10 mg (n = 17) on day 1. Subjects subsequently received 240 mg twice daily of faldaprevir (loading dose) on day 5, followed by 240 mg faldaprevir once daily from day 6 to day 10, with an additional single dose of atorvastatin (10 mg) or rosuvastatin (10 mg) given on day 10. PK samples for the statins were collected on days 1–3 and days 10–12. Concomitant administration with faldaprevir led to approximately 9‐fold and 34‐fold increases in AUC0–∞ and Cmax, respectively, of atorvastatin and approximately 15‐fold and 33‐fold increases in AUC0–∞ and Cmax, respectively, of rosuvastatin, compared with the statins given alone. Exposure to the major metabolites (ortho‐hydroxyatorvastatin and N‐desmethylrosuvastatin) was increased to a similar magnitude as that of the parent compounds. The marked drug–drug interaction observed is most likely related to the inhibitory effects of faldaprevir on transporters, particularly hepatic uptake transporters such as OTAP1B1 and OATP1B3. Given the significant increase in exposure to statins in healthy volunteers, coadministration of faldaprevir with statins should be avoided.
Assessment of nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy with intravoxel incoherent motion diffusion‐weighted imaging using readout‐segmented echo‐planar imaging, parallel imaging, and 2D navigator‐based reacquisition
Authors: Lu Ping , Sha Yan , Wan Hailin , Wang Feng , Tian Guohong , Tang Wenlin
Published: May 2017

Purpose

To determine the feasibility of intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) for characterizing perfusion properties and its potential diagnostic utility for nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION). IVIM diffusion‐weighted imaging is a promising technique that can measure perfusion and diffusion characteristics simultaneously in a noninvasive manner.

Materials and Methods

Orbital IVIM in a 3.0T scanner was performed on 33 patients with NAION and 15 controls using readout‐segmented echo‐planar imaging, parallel imaging, and 2D navigator‐based reacquisition (RESOLVE‐IVIM). Both visual field (VF) and visual acuity (VA) examinations were performed in 19 of the patients. The vascular volume fraction (f), diffusion coefficient (D), and pseudodiffusion coefficient (D*) were calculated for quantitative analysis. Additionally, correlation analyses of IVIM parameters with visual function were also performed.

Results

Affected optic nerves showed significantly lower f values than both unaffected contralateral nerves of the patients and nerves of the controls (P < 0.0001), and no significant difference for f was found between unaffected contralateral nerves and nerves of the controls (P = 0.1602). In addition, D and D* values showed no significant differences among the three groups (P = 0.0979, 0.0600, 0.6136 for D and 0.1779, 0.6253, 0.4743 for D*). Correlation analysis only demonstrated significant correlations between f values and the mean deviation of the visual field (r = 0.576, P = 0.0051).

Conclusion

RESOLVE‐IVIM measurement may reflect the perfusion abnormality and visual function impairment in NAION patients, demonstrating its potential application for the diagnosis and clinical evaluation of NAION.

Level of Evidence: 1

Technical Efficacy: Stage 3

J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2017;46:1760–1766.
Neoformation of pedogenic carbonate and conservation of lithogenic carbonate by farming practices and their contribution to carbon sequestration in soil
Authors: Bughio Mansoor Ahmed , Wang Panlei , Meng Fanqiao , Chen Qing , Li Ji , Shaikh Toqueer A.
Published: May 2017

Land use change, tillage practices and straw incorporation are known to affect soil organic carbon (SOC) as well as soil inorganic carbon (SIC) turnover in agricultural soils. SOC and SIC, particularly pedogenic carbonates (PC), were assessed in a semi‐humid region of China to a depth of 160 cm. δ13C values were used to calculate the percentage of PC and lithogenic carbonates (LC) in the total SIC. Over the 39‐y period of intensive agriculture including 14 y of tillage × straw experiment, three treatments, i.e., tillage with wheat and maize straw return (TWM), tillage with wheat straw return (TW), and wheat and maize straw return with no‐tillage (WM) showed an increase of PC compared to a native plantation plot (NP). The significantly higher SOC stock via no‐tillage was limited to top 1 m soil and there was no significant difference between tillage and no‐tillage treatments at 0–160 cm depth. The changes of SOC caused by the tillage and maize straw addition were negligible compared to the gain in PC. Tillage, crop residues incorporation and irrigation played an important role in the turnover of PC and LC. SIC accumulation resulted from combination of neoformation of PC and conservation of LC. Neoformation of silicatic PC sequestered at least 0.49, 0.47, and 0.29 Mg C ha−1 y−1 in TWM, TW, and WM treatments, respectively, with reference to NP plot. We concluded that to evaluate the long term impacts of land use and farming practices on soil C storage, change of pedogenic and lithogenic carbonates and soil organic carbon in deeper soil profiles should be integrated on regional and global scales.
China’s financial system: Resolving the constraints for sustained growth
Authors: Wahed Mohammad Shakil
Published: May 2017

Although analyses based on recent data suggest that China has made progress in its financial system after 2005, certain areas still require further substantial improvements. While improvements have taken place in areas like non‐performing loans, the legal and regulatory framework, financial deepening and widening, institution building, excessive dominance of the state‐controlled banks over China’s financial system, and the still underdeveloped capital market still need radical reforms. Moreover, the informal financial sector has indeed been a blessing for the Chinese economy, but governing it is of vital importance in order to contain the potential risk elements.
Surgical strategies and novel therapies for locally advanced pancreatic cancer
Authors: Abou‐Khalil Jad , Rocha Flavio G.
Published: May 2017

Many patients with pancreatic cancer are not candidates for surgical resection due to involvement of critical mesenteric vascular structures. We compare and contrast the commonly used classification systems for borderline resectable and locally advanced pancreatic cancer. We describe the current strategies in managing venous and arterial involvement, as well as the role of neoadjuvant chemotherapy and chemoradiation, before explanding on a novel clinical trial in this patient population.
High‐performance liquid chromatographic cartridge with gradient elution capability coupled with UV absorbance detector and mass spectrometer for peptide and protein analysis
Authors: Lynch Kyle B. , Chen Apeng , Yang Yu , Lu Joann J. , Liu Shaorong
Published: May 2017

We discuss the construction and performance of a high‐performance liquid chromatography cartridge that we developed that resulted from a culmination of previous research. We have recently developed an innovative approach to creating gradient elutions using dual electroosmotic pumps and a series of three valves. This method has been proved to be the most reproducible and robust in producing gradients compared to our previously tested methods. Using this approach, we have assembled a high‐performance liquid chromatography cartridge powered and controlled via a computer. We have successfully coupled the cartridge with an ultraviolet absorbance detector and a mass spectrometer for separating complex protein/peptide samples. The cartridge is readily coupled with other detectors such as electrochemical detector and laser‐induced fluorescence detector.