bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Heterostructure WSe2/copper hexadecafluorophthalocyanine (F16CuPc) field-effect transistors for efficient suppression of electron transport
Authors: Yoon Chankeun , Zhou Yuchen , Wang Zi Cheng , Dodabalapur Ananth
Published: September 2024

The use of the organic semiconductor copper hexadecafluorophthalocyanine (F16CuPc) in WSe2 based heterostructure field-effect transistors (FETs) is shown to result in a large reduction in electron current while not significantly impacting the hole current. This approach is promising for use in p-channel FETs in which electron transport is undesirable and increases leakage currents and power dissipation in the off-state. The reduction in on-state electron currents, by up to three orders of magnitude, is due to the transfer of electrons to the low-mobility states in F16CuPc due to the greater electron affinity of the organic semiconductor compared to WSe2. The off-state currents under a drain bias are reduced by more than four orders of magnitude due to the effective suppression of electron currents. This is a result of the formation of type II heterostructure between F16CuPc and WSe2. Electrons in this heterostructure FET will preferentially transfer to F16CuPc, while holes will tend to remain in the high mobility WSe2 layer. This effect is more marked in monolayer WSe2 based FETs compared to multilayer WSe2 FETs due to a larger difference in electron affinities with respect to F16CuPc. Also, the magnitude of electron current suppression was further enhanced when F16CuPc is deposited only on a part of the channel near the source of WSe2 +F16CuPc FETs.
Thermal fluid closures and pressure anisotropies in numerical simulations of plasma wakefield acceleration
Authors: Simeoni Daniele , Rossi Andrea Renato , Parise Gianmarco , Guglietta Fabio , Sbragaglia Mauro
Published: September 2024

We investigate the dynamics of plasma-based acceleration processes with collisionless particle dynamics and non-negligible thermal effects. We aim at assessing the applicability of fluid-like models, obtained by suitable closure assumptions applied to the relativistic kinetic equations, thus not suffering from statistical noise, even in the presence of a finite temperature. The work here presented focuses on the characterization of pressure anisotropies, which crucially depend on the adopted closure scheme, and hence are useful to discern the appropriate thermal fluid model. To this aim, simulation results of spatially resolved fluid models with different thermal closure assumptions are compared with the results of particle-in-cell simulations at changing temperature and amplitude of plasma oscillations.
Piezostrain control of orbital Rashba effect in Py/CuOx/PMN-PT heterostructures
Authors: Xu Jie , Liu Fu , Si Mingsu , Jiang Changjun
Published: September 2024

Electric-field modulated magnetic properties have attracted numerous research studies to elucidate the underlying physics and develop practical electronic devices. In this work, it is demonstrated that the orbital Rashba effect can be modulated by the applied electric field, which is reflected by the variation of charge-to-orbital conversion efficiency ξ under different electric fields in Py/CuOx/PMN-PT heterostructures, where ξ displays a butterfly-like behavior with the electric field, which can be attributed to the piezostrain-mediated magnetoelectric coupling, thus realizing the effective modulation of orbital torque related to the orbital Rashba effect. In addition, our first-principles calculations demonstrate that the orbital moment increases upon increasing strain, which stems from the enhanced p–d hybridization of the interfaced O and Cu atoms. Our results provide a method for modulating the orbital Rashba effect and charge-to-orbital conversion, which shows good potential for practical applications.
Accurate determination of excitation energy: An equation-of-motion approach over a bi-exponential coupled cluster theory
Authors: Chakraborty Anish , Samanta Pradipta Kumar , Maitra Rahul
Published: September 2024

The calculation of molecular excited states is critically important to decipher a plethora of molecular properties. In this paper, we develop an equation of motion formalism on top of a bi-exponentially parameterized ground state wavefunction toward the determination of excited states. While the ground state bi-exponential parameterization ensures an accurate description of the wavefunction through the inclusion of high-rank correlation effects, the excited state is parameterized by a novel linear response operator with an effective excitation rank beyond two. To treat the ground and excited states in the same footings, in addition to the conventional one- and two-body response operators, we introduced certain two-body “generalized” response operators with an effective excitation rank of one. We introduce a projective formulation for determining the perturbed amplitudes for the set of “generalized” operators. Our formulation entails a significantly small number of unknown parameters and is shown to be highly accurate compared to allied methods for several difficult chemical systems.
Dual picosecond fast tunable optical parametric amplifier laser system for wide-field nonlinear optical microscopy
Authors: Vernuccio Federico , Benachir Assia , Fantuzzi Eric Michele , Morel Benoit , Bux Simone , Martin Erwann , Villanueva José , Pertot Yoann , Thiré Nicolas , Heuke Sandro , Rigneault Hervé
Published: September 2024

In the last decades, nonlinear optical microscopy techniques, such as two-Photon Excited Fluorescence (2PEF), Sum Frequency Generation (SFG), and Hyperspectral Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering (H-CARS) microscopy, emerged as powerful tools to image biological samples in a label-free, fast, and non-destructive way. Traditionally, these techniques are performed with single point-scanning acquisition schemes featuring a limited field of view and often leading to sample damage when high laser power is used to increase the acquisition speed. Wide-field illumination and camera-based detection schemes offer a solution to these issues, enabling fast imaging over a large field view. However, current laser sources used for nonlinear microscopy operating at several MHz repetition rates are not able to induce nonlinear effects over areas larger than 100 × 100 µm2. Here, we present a powerful 200 kHz repetition rate laser source based on an Ytterbium fiber laser pumping two picosecond optical parametric amplifiers tunable in the 700–900 nm spectral range and rapidly tunable (up to 100 KHz) within a 20 nm sub-range. We exemplify the possibilities of this laser system to perform rapid CARS spectroscopy (2 ms/spectrum) and nonlinear wide-field imaging, up to 3.3 frames/s for 2PEF and SFG and 0.3 hypercubes/s for H-CARS, over a field of view >300 × 300 µm2.
Unsteady characteristics of supersonic base flow influenced by the exhaust jet
Authors: Tian Yu-yan , Shen Li-hui , Gao Zhen-xun , Jiang Chong-wen , Lee Chun-hian
Published: September 2024

The supersonic base flow with an exhaust jet is significantly unsteady, whose characteristics can be influenced by the exhaust jet states. By the exhaust jet, we mean the working fluid produced by the rocket engine and exhausted by the base nozzle in supersonic velocity, which is used to generate thrust. A numerical investigation of the base flow at Mach 1.96 is carried out via the delayed detached eddy simulation. The effects of presence, expanded states, and temperature of the exhaust jet on the unsteady characteristics are analyzed. Compared with the exhaust jet off, the exhaust jet presence causes the base pressure fluctuation intensity to increase in the high-frequency band (SrD > 0.5) and changes the dominant mode from wake oscillation (SrD = 0.12) to the periodically expand-shrink of the exhaust jet diameter (SrD = 0.16). Compared with the underexpanded state, the overexpanded exhaust jet induces the flow separation inside the nozzle, which causes a decrease in the base pressure fluctuation intensity in the high-frequency band (SrD > 1.0), and the separation point movement and exhaust jet oscillation constitute the dominant mode (SrD = 0.13). Compared with the low-temperature jet, the base pressure fluctuation intensity is slightly reduced in the high-frequency band (SrD > 1.0) for the high-temperature jet, and the flapping motion of the jet shear layer becomes the dominant mode (SrD = 1.5).
Predicting contact angles in the Cassie–Baxter state using a double-radius-contour method
Authors: Liu Cong , Zhen Guangwei , Yan Zheng , Chen Jigang , Liu Yahua
Published: September 2024

Hydrophobic surfaces exhibit unique surface effects and hold broad potential across numerous domains, including anti-icing, condensation, and self-cleaning. Conventionally, droplets on hydrophobic surfaces have been conceptualized as spherical segments to predict contact angles. However, a droplet deposited on hydrophobic surfaces tends to be flattened at the bottom due to gravity, leading to a discrepancy between the experimental observation and prediction derived from the Cassie–Baxter equation. Here, we propose an approximation that divides the distorted droplet into upper and lower segments, i.e., simplifying its morphology into a double-radius contour. This approach leads to a more accurate prediction of the contact angle on hydrophobic structured surfaces. The deviation between experiment and our model is less than 1.7%. Further water evaporation was conducted to investigate the transition condition from the Cassie–Baxter state to the Wenzel state, and we show that the critical transition radius for substrates with varied microstructural geometry parameters consistently falls slightly below the theoretical prediction, which is attributed to an inaccurate assessment of the structure angle. Finally, we demonstrate that the stability of the Cassie–Baxter state can be enhanced by employing hierarchical micro-/nanostructures on the surface. This research advances our foundational comprehension of wetting phenomenon and the stability of the Cassie–Baxter state.
Ultrafast photoinduced charge carrier dynamics of L-cysteine and oleylamine stabilized CsPbBr3 perovskite quantum dots coupled with gold nanoparticles
Authors: Khvichia Mariam , Chou Kai-Chun , Lee Sidney , Zeitz David C. , Zou Shengli , Li Yan , Zhang Jin Z.
Published: September 2024

We have synthesized L-cysteine and oleylamine stabilized CsPbBr3 perovskite quantum dots (PQDs) and coupled them with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). The PQDs and AuNPs, as well as their hybrid nanostructures (HNS), were characterized using UV–visible (UV–vis) and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. The UV–vis spectra show absorption bands of the HNS at 503 and 520 nm, attributed mainly to PQDs and AuNPs, respectively. The PQDs show a strong excitonic PL band peaked at 513 nm from PQDs. The HR-TEM results show the formation of hybrid structures between PQDs and AuNPs, which is also supported by the PL quenching of the PQDs by the coupled AuNPs. Ultrafast dynamics of the exciton and charge carriers in the HNS and pristine PQD were studied using femtosecond transient absorption. Multiexponential fitting of the dynamic data revealed the existence of shallow and deep trap states in pristine PQDs and ultrafast electron transfer from PQDs to AuNPs in the HNS. A kinetic model was proposed to account for the key dynamic processes involved and to extract the time for electron transfer from PQDs to AuNPs in the HNS, found to be ∼2 ps. Dynamic processes in pristine PQDs are largely unchanged by HNS formation with AuNPs.
Ultraviolet laser-induced fragmentation of hydrocarbon fuel droplets
Authors: Jagadale Vishal S. , Chorey Devashish , Andersson Mats , Deshmukh Devendra , Hanstorp Dag , Mishra Yogeshwar Nath
Published: September 2024

The present study aims to understand droplet fragmentation due to instabilities from the radiative heating process. We focus on the plasma-induced breakup mechanism of iso-octane and n-hexane droplets from the nucleation of holes through sheets and instabilities. The plasma generation inside the droplets leads to an intense explosion followed by fragmentation of the droplets. A droplet is suspended in the air using an acoustic levitator and exposed to ultraviolet nanosecond laser pulses. The droplet sizes used are in the range of 0.5–2 mm in diameter, and laser energies are 10–20 mJ per pulse. Initially, plasma formation followed by shock wave emission is observed during the impact of the laser pulse. Afterward, the droplet opens at one side and is stretched vertically to form a liquid sheet. The hole formation and its rapid growth result in the breaking of the thin liquid sheet. Small droplets and ligaments emerge from the circular edge of the sheet, which follows the well-known ligament distribution. This study reveals the detailed analysis of expansion dynamics, evolution of single and multiple holes, and instabilities associated with the liquid sheet. The results observed are categorized into four different mechanisms: (1) plasma formation followed by shock wave propagation, (2) droplet deformation, (3) sheet breakup through nucleation of holes followed by rapid growth, and (4) complete atomization.
An attention-neural-processes approach to reconstructing unsteady water load for seaplanes
Authors: Zhang Junlong , Ai Huanan , Wang Mingzhen , Yu Jan , Xu Ran , Lyu Hongqiang , Liu Xuejun
Published: September 2024

The distribution of holographic unsteady water load offers important information for evaluating the hydrodynamic performance of seaplanes. However, traditional tank test is limited by the number of sensors that can be deployed on the bottom of hull, thus only providing sparse data for estimating load distribution and leading to inaccurate evaluation of seaplane performance. To achieve accurate and rapid reconstruction of holographic load distribution, a machine learning load-reconstruction model based on Attention Neural Processes is proposed. This model performs spatiotemporal modeling of seaplane water load utilizing sparse sensor data. It directly learns the load patterns across multiple time steps and employs Attention modules to capture the spatial distribution of load. Comparisons with alternative methods demonstrate the model's superior ability to simultaneously capture spatial and temporal dependencies of the unsteady load data. In addition, the model's robust generalization capability is also validated by reducing the number of sensors in the training data. The results indicate that the proposed model exhibits high prediction efficiency, accuracy, and generalization for the reconstruction of unsteady water load distribution, which is of great significance for comprehensively evaluating the hydrodynamic performance of seaplanes.
The influence of the bounding surface on the structural ordering of short chains of oligoetherimides
Authors: Dobrovskiy Alexey Yu. , Nazarychev Victor M. , Larin Sergey V. , Lyulin Sergey V.
Published: September 2024

In this study, we have conducted a comparative analysis of the structural ordering of short oligoetherimide chains (dimers) near the bounding surface, depending on the structure of that surface. In order to clarify the possibility of oligoetherimide ordering along the symmetry axes of graphene, two types of bounding surfaces were considered: graphene, with a regular discrete position of interaction centers (carbon atoms), and a smooth, structureless impermeable wall. The chemical structures of the considered dimers consist of two repeating units of BPDA-P3, ODPA-P3, or aBPDA-P3 thermoplastic polyetherimides. Using all-atom molecular dynamics simulations, the process of structural ordering of the dimers near the surface of the graphene or wall was established. The ODPA-P3 and BPDA-P3 dimers form an ordered state near the graphene surface, while the aBPDA-P3 dimers do not demonstrate structural ordering. The simulation results confirmed that the ordering direction of the BPDA-P3 and ODPA-P3 dimers near the graphene surface is chosen randomly. Comparison of the oligoetherimide structure formed near the attracting wall without a symmetrical location of the interaction centers shows the similarity of the ordering of dimers near the graphene surface and the wall. As in the case of the graphene surface, the ordering of oligoetherimide molecules near the structureless wall demonstrates one direction of ordering. Therefore, we confirmed that the key factor for the onset of ordering is the presence of a confining surface, rather than the symmetrical arrangement of interaction centers in the substrate structure.
Pinch-off of a regular bubble during the impact of droplets on a liquid pool
Authors: Xu Zhigang , Wang Tianyou , Zhang Zhenyu , Che Zhizhao
Published: September 2024

A droplet impacting a liquid pool can result in the pinch-off of a regular bubble. In this study, the cavity deformation and regular bubble pinch-off after droplets impacting a liquid pool were experimentally investigated. The results indicate that the phenomenon of regular bubble pinch-off results from the combined effects of cavity expansion and capillary wave propagation. The inertial force, viscous force, and droplet diameter are all crucial to the cavity evolution and the process of regular bubble pinch-off. The cavity depth increases with the droplet's inertial force but does not change with the droplet's viscous force. As the droplet's inertial force increases, the diameter of the regular bubble first increases and then decreases. The diameter of the regular bubble at We = 165 is almost four times that at We = 193. In addition, the peak size of the regular bubble decreases as the liquid viscosity increases, but increases as the droplet diameter increases. These variations in the regular bubble size are explained using a theoretical analysis. Finally, the effects of the inertial and viscous forces on the thresholds between no-bubble and regular-bubble pinch-off regimes are studied. As the Ohnesorge number increases from 1.37 × 10−2 to 2.03 × 10−2, the upper and lower critical Weber numbers for the occurrence of the regular bubble pinch-off can increase by 30 and 25, respectively. The theoretical boundaries of regular bubble pinch-off agree well with the boundaries observed in the experiments.
A Josephson–Anderson relation for drag in classical channel flows with streamwise periodicity: Effects of wall roughness
Authors: Kumar Samvit , Eyink Gregory L.
Published: September 2024

The detailed Josephson–Anderson relation equates the instantaneous work by pressure drop over any streamwise segment of a general channel and the wall-normal flux of spanwise vorticity spatially integrated over that section. This relation was first derived by Huggins for quantum superfluids, but it holds also for internal flows of classical fluids and for external flows around solid bodies, corresponding there to relations of Burgers, Lighthill, Kambe, Howe, and others. All of these prior results employ a background potential Euler flow with the same inflow/outflow as the physical flow, just as in Kelvin's minimum energy theorem, so that the reference potential incorporates information about flow geometry. We here generalize the detailed Josephson–Anderson relation to streamwise periodic channels appropriate for numerical simulation of classical fluid turbulence. We show that the original Neumann b.c. used by Huggins for the background potential creates an unphysical vortex sheet in a periodic channel, so that we substitute instead Dirichlet b.c. We show that the minimum energy theorem still holds and our new Josephson–Anderson relation again equates work by pressure drop instantaneously to integrated flux of spanwise vorticity. The result holds for both Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids and for general curvilinear walls. We illustrate our new formula with numerical results in a periodic channel flow with a single smooth bump, which reveals how vortex separation from the roughness element creates drag at each time instant. Drag and dissipation are thus related to vorticity structure and dynamics locally in space and time, with important applications to drag-reduction and to explanation of anomalous dissipation at high Reynolds numbers.
Migration characteristics of bubbles moving in gas–liquid countercurrent two-phase flow in an inclined pipe
Authors: Ren Meipeng , Ding Tianbao , Yin Zhiming , Zhang Wei , Sun Baojiang , Wang Zhiyuan , Yin Bangtang
Published: September 2024

While exploring and developing oil and gas, well kick and overflow accidents are inevitable. In such an accident, if the drilling bit is not at the bottom of the well, the drilling tool is blocked, or the reservoir contains toxic gases such as hydrogen sulfide, the traditional technique for well control is no longer suitable, and the bullheading method must be adopted to kill the well. However, during bullheading, the flow patterns of gas and liquid are intricate, making gas velocity hard to predict. To solve these problems, a set of visual simulation experimental device for directional well bullheading was built to find out the effects of wellbore inclination, liquid viscosity, gas and liquid velocities, and bubble size on bubble migration characteristics in gas–liquid countercurrent (gas flowing in opposite direction to the liquid). Prediction models of bubble distribution coefficient and rising velocity considering liquid viscosity, bubble size, and wellbore inclination angle were worked out. The experimental results show that small bubbles are mainly located in the center of the wellbore and large bubbles tend to approach the wellbore wall in gas–liquid countercurrent. Increasing wellbore inclination, viscosity, and the velocity of the liquid flowing against the bubbles results in a gradual decrease in Taylor bubble migration speed, which promotes the bubbles' pressing-back, as inhibiting the upward movement of large bubbles is essential for effective bullheading operations. The prediction models of distribution coefficient and bubble migration velocity have an error of less than 10% and 9. 78%, respectively.
Chiral spin selectivity and chiroptical activity in helical molecules
Authors: Varela Solmar , Gutierrez Rafael , Cuniberti Gianaurelio , Medina Ernesto , Mujica Vladimiro
Published: September 2024

Chiral structures, breaking spatial inversion symmetry, exhibit non-zero chiroptical activity (COA) due to the coupling between their electric and magnetic responses under external electromagnetic fields, an effect absent in achiral systems. Non-magnetic chiral structures also exhibit Chiral-Induced Spin Selectivity (CISS), primarily detected in two terminal measurements in the linear regime, where spin selection emerges without external magnetic influence. Despite the different origins of these physical phenomena, our model captures the relevant physics required to address CISS as an intrinsic molecular effect with the basic ingredients: (i) chirality/inversion asymmetry, (ii) meV atomic spin–orbit coupling, and (iii) decoherence as a source of reciprocity breaking. In this work, we derived how the electronic system couples with polarized electromagnetic radiation to yield a spin-dependent polarization rotation power, quantified through the Rosenfeld tensor, predicting characteristic spin signatures in the COA. The model also predicts that a net spin polarization manifests in the molecular terminations that have been surmised as an explanation for chiral species separation of racemic mixtures and interactions with surface magnetic domains. A recent sensitive spectroscopic measurement of electron transfer in donor–acceptor complexes is consistent with the standalone CISS effect.
A study of conical and curved shock waves via the streamline transformation method
Authors: Tian Zhong Wei
Published: September 2024

The axisymmetric conical and curved shock waves are studied theoretically via the streamline transformation method (STM), which integrates the differential geometries of streamlines into the conservation laws and solves the flow field geometrically. Under the condition of a straight shock wave, the governing equation is significantly simplified, from which the assumptions of the conical flow and geometric self-similarity are mathematically proved. The simplified equation is also demonstrated as equivalent to the classical Taylor–MacColl equation. The flow mechanism after a conical shock wave is discussed from a geometric perspective, where the key factor is the dimensionless lateral distance between symmetric planes. The corresponding geometric and flow parameters, e.g., the distance between streamlines, the streamline curvature, and the Mach number, are computed for the demonstration of this mechanism. In the flow field over a circular cone, the isentropic compression is modeled geometrically. Due to the isentropic compression, the conical shock wave remains approximately a Mach wave at small semi-angles and the detachment is suspended at large semi-angles. For the axisymmetric curved shock wave, the flow field is computed directly by the streamline transformation method, where both the concave and convex shock waves are considered. Along the wall streamline, an explicit proportional relation between the shock curvature and the orthogonal derivatives of flow parameters is also provided and verified numerically. These results are applicable in the theoretical analysis and inverse design of axisymmetric shock waves.
Self-generated magnetic field in laser plasma with super-Gaussian distributed electrons
Authors: Liu Yong , Zhang Guan-Feng
Published: September 2024

Considering the effects of non-Maxwellian distributed electrons and the generation of magnetic field on the inertial confinement fusion driven by laser, the quasi-static magnetic field generated by nonlinear magnetization current in laser plasma with super-Gaussian distributed electrons is studied. Based on the kinetic theory, an analytical expression for the spontaneous magnetic field in Fourier space, valid for arbitrary frequencies, has been obtained. According to the existing experimental data, the effects of the frequency, plasma temperature, and super-Gaussian index on the spontaneous magnetic field are analyzed through numerical calculations. It is shown that the strength of the spontaneous magnetic field first decreases and then increases with the increase in the super-Gaussian index when the laser intensity is ∼1012W/cm2. It is about the order of 100 G, which is much smaller than the experimental observation. When the laser intensity is ∼1016W/cm2, the strength of the spontaneous magnetic field increases monotonically with the super-Gaussian index in the low-frequency region, and behaves similarly to the one of the laser intensity ∼1012W/cm2 in the high-frequency region. It will be as large as megagauss, which is consistent with the experimental observation results. Moreover, the strength of the spontaneous magnetic field increases with the increase in frequency and the decrease in the electron temperature.
Localized surface plasmon resonance enhanced deep ultraviolet photodetectors based on Pd@Nb2CTx/AlGaN van der Waals heterojunctions
Authors: He Yixun , Li Linhao , Chen Jinrong , Wang Yansong , Li Guoqiang , Wang Wenliang
Published: September 2024

Localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) has been proven as an effective means to improve the performance of optoelectronic devices from infrared to ultraviolet region. However, due to the lack of suitable plasmon materials in the deep ultraviolet (DUV) region, studies in this field were relatively rare. Herein, a simple solution reduction method was proposed to decorate palladium nanoparticles (Pd NPs) onto two-dimensional (2D) niobium carbide Nb2CTx (MXene) nanosheets to fabricate Pd@Nb2CTx/aluminum-gallium nitride (AlGaN) van der Waals heterojunction (vdWH) DUV photodetectors (PDs). Thanks to the plasmon coupling between Pd@Nb2CTx and AlGaN, the obvious enhanced optical absorption and carrier excitation of the as-fabricated DUV PDs have been observed with a peak responsivity of 0.86 A/W, as well as a fast response (rise/decay time of 37.8/14.5 ms) under −3 V bias and 254 nm DUV illumination. This study provides direct evidence for LSPR of Pd NPs in the DUV region, which will develop an optional pathway for the structure design of DUV PDs.
Electron-driven processes in enantiomeric forms of glutamic acid initiated by low-energy resonance electron attachment
Authors: Pshenichnyuk Stanislav A. , Asfandiarov Nail L. , Rakhmeyev Rustam G. , Komolov Alexei S. , Tereshchenko Oleg E.
Published: September 2024

Low-energy (0–14 eV) resonance electron interaction and fragment species produced by dissociative electron attachment (DEA) for enantiomeric forms of glutamic acid (Glu) are studied under gas-phase conditions by means of DEA spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations. Contrary to a series of amino acids studied earlier employing the DEA technique, the most abundant species are not associated with the elimination of a hydrogen atom from the parent molecular negative ion. Besides this less intense closed-shell [Glu – H]– fragment, only two mass-selected negative ions, [Glu – 19]– and [Glu – 76]–, are detected within the same electron energy region, with the yield maximum observed at around 0.9 eV. This value matches well the energy of vertical electron attachment into the lowest normally empty π* COOH molecular orbital of Glu located at 0.88 eV according to the present B3LYP/6-31G(d) calculations. Although the detection of asymmetric DEA properties a priori is not accessible under the present experimental conditions, “chirality non-conservation” can be associated with some decay channels. Evidently, the measured spectra for the L- and D-forms are found to be identical, the results, nevertheless, being of interest for the forthcoming experiments utilizing spin-polarized electron beam as a chiral factor in the framework of conventional DEA technique.
Women living with HIV: identifying and managing their menopause, age-related, and psychosocial health needs in a metropolitan sexual health service in Sydney, Australia
Authors: Huang Zoe Y. , Burdon Rachel M. , Thomas Rachael , Cornelisse Vincent J.
Published: September 2024

Background Aging women living with HIV are significantly affected by menopause and comorbidities, yet international and Australian HIV guidance on the management of women is scarce. This study aimed to identify gaps in clinical management of menopause, age-related comorbidities, and psychosocial health of women living with HIV attending our metropolitan sexual health service. Methods A clinical audit of all cisgender women who attended Sydney Local Health District Department of Sexual Health Medicine for ongoing routine HIV care between 1 January 2021 and 1 January 2023 was undertaken. Results Twenty-seven patient files were examined. Half (13/27, 48.1%) of women were age 45 years and older, of whom 6/13 (46.2%) were postmenopausal and 4/13 (30.8%) did not have menopause status recorded. In the prior 12 months, most women had their blood pressure (19/27, 70.4%), total cholesterol (21/27, 77.8%), glycated haemoglobin (21/27, 77.8%), estimated glomerular filtration rate (27/27, 96.3%), and liver function tests (26/27, 96.3%) measured. Smoking and alcohol intake was documented for less than half of women (13/27, 48.1%; and 12/27, 44.4%; respectively). In women aged 45 years and older, absolute cardiovascular disease risk was calculated in 2/13 (15.4%), and none had a Fracture Risk Assessment Tool score or cognitive screen performed in the prior 12 months. One-fifth (5/27, 18.5%) had a documented history of depression or anxiety. Of those screened, half (4/8, 50.0%) disclosed past intimate partner violence. Conclusions Our service has now implemented a reference tool to guide routine monitoring of women living with HIV, with sections dedicated to reproductive health and psychological wellbeing. Australian HIV management guidelines would benefit from specific guidance for women.
Mesophyll airspace unsaturation drives C
4
plant success under vapor pressure deficit stress
Authors: Márquez Diego A. , Wong Suan Chin , Stuart-Williams Hilary , Cernusak Lucas A. , Farquhar Graham D.
Published: September 2024

A fundamental assumption in plant science posits that leaf air spaces remain vapor saturated, leading to the predominant view that stomata alone control leaf water loss. This concept has been pivotal in photosynthesis and water-use efficiency research. However, recent evidence has refuted this longstanding assumption by providing evidence of unsaturation in the leaf air space of C
3
plants under relatively mild vapor pressure deficit (VPD) stress. This phenomenon represents a nonstomatal mechanism restricting water loss from the mesophyll. The potential ubiquity and physiological implications of this phenomenon, its driving mechanisms in different plant species and habitats, and its interaction with other ecological adaptations remain to be fully explored. In this context, C
4
plants spark particular interest for their importance as crops, bundle sheath cells’ unique anatomical characteristics and specialized functions, and notably higher water-use efficiency relative to C
3
plants. Here, we confirm reduced relative humidities in the substomatal cavity of the C
4
plants maize, sorghum, and proso millet down to 80% under mild VPD stress. We demonstrate the critical role of nonstomatal control in these plants, indicating that the role of the CO
2
concentration mechanism in CO
2
management at a high VPD may have been overestimated. Our findings offer a mechanistic reconciliation between discrepancies in CO
2
and VPD responses reported in C
4
species. They also reveal that nonstomatal control is integral to maintaining an advantageous microclimate of relatively higher CO
2
concentrations in the mesophyll air space of C
4
plants for carbon fixation, proving vital when these plants face VPD stress.
Salience management
Authors: Liu Ping , Xu Wenli
Published: September 2024

This article zooms in on metadiscourse resources to explore their salience management in online new product launch
(hereafter NPL) conferences, adopting the salience theory of socio-cognitive approach (hereafter SCA) as the theoretical
foundation. Drawing on data from 16 online NPL conferences presented by non-native English speakers, it is found that
different types of metadiscourse resources are employed to manage the salience of specific contextual factors in metacognitive,
metarepresentational and metacommunicative dimensions, motivated by the presenter’s inherent salience and awareness of recipient
design. This article not only strengthens the assumption that the salience theory of SCA can provide a new perspective for
metadiscourse research, but also sheds light on how to understand the effectiveness of online business communication in the
intercultural context.
Migfilin promotes autophagic flux through direct interaction with SNAP29 and Vamp8
Authors: Cai Renwei , Bai Panzhu , Quan Meiling , Ding Yanyan , Wei Wenjie , Liu Chengmin , Yang Aihua , Xiong Zailin , Li Guizhen , Li Binbin , Deng Yi , Tian Ruijun , Zhao Yan G. , Wu Chuanyue , Sun Ying
Published: September 2024

Autophagy plays a crucial role in cancer cell survival by facilitating the elimination of detrimental cellular components and the recycling of nutrients. Understanding the molecular regulation of autophagy is critical for developing interventional approaches for cancer therapy. In this study, we report that migfilin, a focal adhesion protein, plays a novel role in promoting autophagy by increasing autophagosome–lysosome fusion. We found that migfilin is associated with SNAP29 and Vamp8, thereby facilitating Stx17-SNAP29-Vamp8 SNARE complex assembly. Depletion of migfilin disrupted the formation of the SNAP29-mediated SNARE complex, which consequently blocked the autophagosome-lysosome fusion, ultimately suppressing cancer cell growth. Restoration of the SNARE complex formation rescued migfilin-deficiency–induced autophagic flux defects. Finally, we found depletion of migfilin inhibited cancer cell proliferation. SNARE complex reassembly successfully reversed migfilin-deficiency–induced inhibition of cancer cell growth. Taken together, our study uncovers a new function of migfilin as an autophagy-regulatory protein and suggests that targeting the migfilin–SNARE assembly could provide a promising therapeutic approach to alleviate cancer progression.
Example of simplest bifurcation diagram for a monotone family of vector fields on a torus*
Authors: Baesens Claude , Homs-Dones Marc , MacKay Robert S
Published: September 2024

We present an example of a monotone two-parameter family of vector fields on a torus whose bifurcation diagram we demonstrate to be in the class of ‘simplest’ diagrams proposed by Baesens and MacKay (2018 Nonlinearity
31 2928–81). This shows that the proposed class is realisable.
Revealing capacitive behaviors of graphene in ionic liquids using molecular dynamics simulation
Authors: Zhang Xiangrui , Lei Liang , Tang Lin , Zhu Kai , Zhou Kuan , Yang Huachao
Published: September 2024

This work reveals the capacitive behaviors of graphene nanomaterials in typical ionic liquids of [BMI+] [BF4
−] using molecular dynamics simulations. It is found that the charging process induces a structural transition from disordered to partially ordered and then ordered multilayer structures of [BMI+][BF4
−] electrolyte, yielding a multiple layer-by-layer packing structure of BMI+ cation and BF4
− anion. Especially, a counterion-adsorption-dominated Helmholtz layer is revealed at a high charge density of 16 μC/cm2, which is primarily responsible for the superior capacitance results. Besides, the differential capacitance of [BMI+][BF4
−] exhibits a symmetric convexity-shaped curve, showing a maximal capacitance value of 4.83 μF/cm2. The as-obtain simulation results help to understand the microscopic charge storage mechanisms of graphene in ionic liquids.
Synthesis of graphene-MnO2-poly (2,2’-dithiodianiline) composite for high performance electrochemical electrode materials
Authors: Zhang Dongmei , Li Yufan , Li Yuchao , Tao Xuquan , Sun Zhonggui , Liao Chengzhu
Published: September 2024

In this study, a hybrid graphene/manganese dioxide/poly(2,2’-dithiodianiline) (graphene/MnO2/PDTDA) composite material was in-situ prepared by chemical oxidative polymerization of PDTDA in graphene/MnO2 and applied as supercapacitor electrode materials in alkaline electrolyte. The morphology, structure, and particularly the electrochemical performances of such graphene/MnO2/PDTDA composite was characterized by XRD, SEM, FTIR, and electrochemical tests. The results showed that the graphene/MnO2/PDTDA ternary composite possessed the advantages of both double-layer capacitance and Faraday’s pseudocapacitance behaviours, thus leading to the highest specific capacitance of 96.35 F·g−1 as compared to the binary MnO2/PDTDA electrode material (35.26 F·g−1) at a current density of 10 mA·cm−1, implying potential candidate in future supercapacitor electrode materials.
Modeling and analysis of surface heat transfer in photovoltaic cells under localized shading
Authors: Zhang Weihua , Guan Shizhe
Published: September 2024

For the photovoltaic cells in the local shade due to the difference in light intensity caused by the temperature inhomogeneity, affecting the surface heat transfer problem, this paper establishes the surface heat transfer model of photovoltaic cells in the local shade through the use of MATLAB analysis of photovoltaic cells surface heat transfer characteristics, to explore the mechanism and laws of heat transfer of photovoltaic cells in the local shade. The simulation results show that the convective heat transfer increases with the increase of the area of the shaded area, and the convective heat transfer with a wind speed of 2.5 m/s increases by about 77.2% compared with that with a wind speed of 1 m/s. The surface heat transfer of PV cells under partial shading increases with the rise of the area of the shaded area, and the surface heat transfer of PV cells under partial shading increases by about 77.2%. When the temperature of the shaded area is 20 K higher than that of the unshaded area, the radiative heat transfer of full shade increases by 19.3% on average compared with that of unshaded, and increasing the area of the shaded area increases the loss of radiative heat transfer. The output power of photovoltaic cells decreases with the increase of transmittance ratio or the enhancement of light intensity in both shaded and unshaded areas.
Simultaneous recovery of salt differential energy and chemical energy from wastewater by bioelectrochemical system
Authors: Ke Shengjin , Jiang Xuhui , Zhang Xi , Wang Song
Published: September 2024

Bioelectrochemical systems (BESs) serve as an emerging renewable energy technology that presents great potential for wastewater treatment and energy recovery. Microbial desalination cell (MDC), as a type of BES, is capable of desalination while realizing wastewater treatment and recycling of electric energy, which has become a research hotspot in recent years. However, research that has been conducted tends to focus only on the desalination capacity of the MDC and pays less attention to its electricity generation performance. The electricity derived from the recovery of chemical energy in the wastewater by the system has also not been well utilized. In this study, a microbial reverse-electrodialysis cell (MRC), which is capable of obtaining the salt difference energy from high-salt wastewater, was constructed and coupled with an electrodialysis cell (EDC), ultimately constructing a new type of BES named MRC-EDC. It can synchronize the recovery of chemical energy and salt difference in high-salt wastewater, realizing the in-situ use of electric energy and wastewater desalination. The maximum power production performance of MRC-EDC reached 2.44 W m−2, which was 67.1% higher than that of conventional MFC. The COD removal rate of the system reached 34.16% after 10 h of operation, and the average desalination rate per hour was 5.15%. This study provides a reference for the construction of high-efficiency BESs.
Glass fiber-based metal organic gel composite electrolytes for solid-state lithium batteries
Authors: Yang Ningning , Cui Mokai , Wang Jing , Tan Guoqiang
Published: September 2024

Quasi-solid-state electrolytes encounter great obstacles in structural stability due to their inherent heterogeneity. Here, we introduce a new composite structure of glass-fiber-based metal-organic gel as a solid-state electrolyte and explore its electrochemical properties in lithium-metal batteries. We use a straightforward in-situ sol-gel method to synthesize this composite electrolyte, where glass fiber acts as matrices, ferric nitrate reacts with trimeric acid to form interconnected channels with abundant unsaturated metal sites, while ionic liquid electrolyte is in-situ confined into interconnected channels. The as-prepared composite electrolyte membrane has a uniform structure and composition, exhibiting a high room-temperature ionic conductivity of 1.79×10−3 S cm−1 and a high electrochemical oxidation potential of 4.76 V vs Li/Li+. This composite has excellent cycling performance in LiFePO4//Li (99.5% after 100 cycles) and NCM811//Li (86.6% after 200 cycles) batteries.
Research on the control strategy of gravity energy storage system based on sliding mode control technology
Authors: Qi Liangcai , Guo Jing , Ma Qingzhu , Yan Qingsong , Sun Yinfeng , Wang Demin , Liu Zhiyang
Published: September 2024

As a newly proposed physical energy storage method, gravity energy storage (GES) is currently in its infancy at home and abroad, and the control technology of slope GES is not yet mature. This article focuses on the control strategy of the slope GES system, designs the machine/grid side control block diagrams with the sliding mode control technology, and compares the differences between sliding mode control and traditional PI control through simulation analysis. It is concluded that the sliding mode control strategy has a faster adjustment speed, smaller fluctuation range, and better overall control performance.
Research on operation parameter optimization of deep peaking boiler in thermal power plant based on data mining
Authors: Gao Peng , Gao Yu , Pan Honggang , Wang Wenbo , Zhang Xindan , Li Chongqi
Published: September 2024

At present, the structure of power supply in China has changed, and the positioning of thermal power units has gradually changed from the original main power supply to the adjustable power supply for peak regulation and frequency modulation. Peaking unit need to respond quickly to load changes while also considering economic efficiency, which means setting operating parameters more accurately. Association rules have achieved good application effects in the data mining of thermal power plant operation data. This article uses the historical operation data of a certain 600MW unit to explore the relationship between operating parameters and coal consumption under various peak load conditions, and obtain the optimized values of operating parameters. The results indicate that optimized parameters can improve the economic efficiency of peaking unit, and have certain practical value for setting operating parameters of boilers in deep peaking unit.
Beam test of n-type Silicon pad array detector at PS CERN
Authors: Sawan  , Bouly J.L. , Bourrion O. , Bregant M. , van den Brink A. , Chujo T. , Ghimouz A. , Inaba M. , Isidori T. , Kashyap V.K.S. , Krug C. , Kumar L. , Loizides C. , Minafra N. , Mohanty B. , Mondal M.M. , Novitzky N. , Ponchant N. , Rauch M. , Sharma K.P. , Singh R. , Tambave G. , Thienpont D. , Tourres D.
Published: September 2024

This work reports the test of an n-type silicon pad array
detector at the CERN PS in the context of the future Forward
Calorimeter (FoCal) detector. FoCal is a proposed upgrade in the
ALICE detector operating within the pseudorapidity range of
3.2 < η < 5.8. It aims to measure direct photons, neutral
hadrons, vector mesons, and jets for the study of gluon saturation
effects in the unexplored region of low momentum
fraction x (∼ 10-5–10-6). The prototype is a
8×9 n-type Si pad array detector with each pad occupying one
cm2 area, fabricated on a 6-in, 325 ± 10 μm thick, and
high-resistivity (∼ 7 kΩ cm) Si wafer, which is
readout using the HGCROCv2 chip. The detector is tested using pion
beams of energy 10 GeV and electron beams of energy
1–5 GeV. The measurements of the Minimum Ionizing Particle (MIP)
response of pions and the shower profiles of electrons are
reported.
Target development using the method of High-Intensity Vibrational Powder Plating (HIVIPP) at the Center for Accelerator Target Science (CATS) at Argonne National Laboratory (ANL)
Authors: Mohs C. , Müller-Gatermann C. , Gott M. , Nolen J. , Gampa R. , Greene J.
Published: September 2024

One of the primary goals of the Center for Accelerator
Target Science (CATS) is to provide targets and foils in support of
the ATLAS User Facility and the Low-Energy community at large. While
a wide array of target production techniques are available at CATS,
new methods that must be explored invariably arise. One such
technique, the High-Intensity Vibrational Powder Plating (HIVIPP),
was first reported in 1997 by Isao Sugai. It was developed to
produce targets and stripper foils that were difficult to make by
standard methods. At Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), we have
successfully constructed and tested a simple system for this
purpose. We have produced targets of carbon and titanium on various
metal backings using the HIVIPP method. We are currently in the
exciting phase of exploring the production of other elements,
including isotopically enriched and radioactive material. This work
is in progress and will be further detailed with specific examples.