bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On Getting Deconstructed
Authors: Dubiel Joseph
Published: February 2024

Ideas held by some of a special tension between

the “new musicology” and music theory may depend on the

maintenance—on both “sides”—of an ill-considered notion

of structure. Rose Rosengard Subotnik’s discussion of

“structural listening” is taken as a starting point for

rumination on this problem. The terms of the alleged

opposition are not shown to be essential.
More on Handel and the Hemiola
Authors: Willner Channan
Published: February 2024

To the three categories of hemiolas I identified in an

earlier study I add a fourth, overlapping hemiolas. Particularly in

the Baroque repertoire, and especially in the works of Handel, there

are frequent instances of two successive two-bar hemiolas that overlap

because they are collapsed onto three bars. I examine the larger

context in which their preparation, elaboration, and peroration may

represent central compositional issues, especially in light of the brevity

of most Baroque compositions.
Beethoven’s Op. 81a and the Psychology of Loss
Authors: Agmon Eytan
Published: February 2024

Two interpretations of the first movement of Beethoven’s Piano Sonata in E-flat Major, Op. 81a, are offered. According to one interpretation (inspired by Bach’s Capriccio on the Departure of His Beloved Brother), the movement depicts Beethoven’s struggle against Rudolph’s intended departure. According to the second interpretation the movement depicts an internal struggle, and in particular, the vacillation between denial and acceptance characteristic of the psychology of loss.
Commentary on Channan Willner
Authors: Schulenberg David L.
Published: February 2024

Channan Willner’s article discusses hemiola from the vantage

point of an omniscient analyst armed with a score. This commentary

asks several questions about such an approach when applied to

relatively unfamiliar music, raising the possibility of incorporating

consideration of the listener’s (or analyst’s) state of knowledge

(including knowledge of related works and of historical performance

practice) into the analysis.
Diatonic ficta Revisited: Josquin’s Ave Maria in Context (MTO 2.5)
Authors: Bent Margaret
Published: February 2024

Roger Wibberley in MTO 2.5 has criticized a version I published of the sequence from Josquin’sAve Maria, on grounds that it flouts Glarean’s modal classification. Cristle Collins Judd has already challenged Wibberley’s construction of mode, and I further deny Glarean’s relevance on chronological grounds. The first part of my article restates and revises some of the premises (ignored by Wibberley) which provided the context for my discussion of the Josquin piece; the second part extends my original discussion of that passage, and offers some comments and questions in response to Wibberley’s paper.
Alanis Morissette’s Voices
Authors: Nobile Drew
Published: February 2024

Combining the slick production of post-grunge rock with raw, feminist lyrics reminiscent of Riot Grrrl punk, Alanis Morissette’s 1995 albumJagged Little Pillintroduced a new rock femininity that rippled throughout the late 1990s. As several commentators have discussed, though, Morissette’s pop-critical reception as the quintessential “angry white female” overlooks the broad range of social and emotional content presented throughout the album. This expressive range comes not only from Morissette’s lyrics but also—perhaps especially—from her versatile and idiosyncratic vocal delivery. In this article, I take a detailed look at how Morissette uses her voice acrossJagged Little Pillto express aspects of her album persona. I begin by identifying Morissette’s primary palette of six vocal styles, which I term “speech-song,” “modal voice,” “belt,” “soft voice,” “sweet voice,” and “squeal.” Each of these styles has its own mode of delivery, which I demonstrate through a set of binary parameters, and its own timbral profile, which I demonstrate using spectral analysis. I show how Morissette strategically deploys her vocal palette throughout the album for expressive effect, synchronizing with not only her songs’ lyrics but also their form. In so doing, my analysis shows how voice can serve a fundamentallystructuralrole, one at least as powerful as harmony or melody in shaping a song’s formal process.
Willaert’s Elusive Counterpoint Explained
Authors: Schubert Peter
Published: February 2024

Willaert’s contrapuntal idiom in Musica Nova (1559) has been characterized as “elusive” because it “largely eschews imitative textures, clear cadential articulations, distinctive rhythmic patterns and tuneful melodic ideas (soggetti)” (Fromson 2001). The present study aims to elucidate Willaert’s contrapuntal techniques in a late madrigal, “Io mi rivolgo.” Here, Willaert distinguishes sections by applying a different contrapuntal technique to each. In the absence of cadences and changes of texture, these switches of technique neatly articulate the structural members (verses, quatrains, etc.) of Petrarch’s sonnet. The analysis of the madrigal is based on melodic repetition, and relies in part on breaking long melodies into tiny fragments, using Rifkin’s principle of “motivicity” (1998).
Response to Professor Morse's Open Letter (MTO 3.3)
Authors: Killam Rosemary
Published: February 2024

Professor Morse’s “Open Letter” in the last issue of

MTO (3.3, May 1997) exhibits much thought and deserves careful

reading, although Killam disagrees with many of Morse’s

conclusions. The terms “sex” and “gender” are conflated by

Morse, but Killam’s original article oversimplifies and ignores

the complex implications of these terms for music and its

analysis. Killam’s “Response” questions possible intermingling

of theorists’ analytical methodology uncertainties, with

theorists’ anxieties toward music written by women and toward new

music in general.
A Different Response to Killam (MTO 3.2, 3.3)
Authors: London Justin
Published: February 2024

A response to Rosemary Killam’s essay which appeared

in MTO 3.2. Prof. Killam’s observations regarding the paucity

of pieces by women composers in current texts and anthologies of

20th-century music are contextualized by a consideration of other

kinds of music that are currently excluded from the modernist

canon that lies at the heart 20th-century theory pedagogy. It is

argued that the exclusion of women’s compositions is more a

symptom of a modernist myopia than any covert or overt misogyny

on the part of the music theory community. The response

concludes with some suggestions for alternative approaches to

20th-century analysis course syllabi and content.
Report from the Third Triennial ESCOM Conference in Uppsala, Sweden, 7-12 June, 1997
Authors: Broman Per F.
Published: February 2024

The Department of Psychology at the University of

Uppsala, Sweden, hosted the Third Triennial conference of the

European Society for the Cognitive Sciences of Music (ESCOM),

7–12 June, 1997. Several papers of particular interest to the

music theory community were presented, including those by Eytan

Agmon, John Clough and Nora Engebretsen, Jay Rahn, Bengt Edlund,

Fred Lerdahl, and Jean-Jacques Nattiez.
Circles and Time
Authors: Anku Willie
Published: February 2024

Much of African music is circular. This circular concept of time ultimately defines a structural set. The set represents a structural module from which the entire performance is derived. The performance consists of a steady ostinato framework of multi-concentric rhythms on which various manipulations of the set are realized by a leader (e.g., a lead drummer). It is in these complex structural manipulations (against a background of a steady ostinato referent) that Africa finds its finest rhythmic qualities. The paper focuses on two principal elements. It discusses the properties of the rhythmic set, and it demonstrates its various modes of performance and analytical applications.
Review of Allen Forte, The Atonal Music of Anton Webern (Yale University Press, 1999)
Authors: Perry Jeffrey
Published: February 2024

A review of Allen Forte’s recent study of the atonal works of Anton Webern (opp. 3–16). Forte contends that this music is best understood using the concept of octatonic cycles, but treats issues such as Webern’s approach to the texts he sets, his use of autobiographic pitch mottoes, and rhythmic proportion schemes derived from the composer’s familiarity with the music of the Renaissance as well.
A review on micro beads: Formulation, technological aspects, and extraction
Authors: Shaik Khaja Moinuddin  , Pradeep Kumar M  , Sandeep Kumar G  , Perugumi Ramya  , Konda Sravya Sree  , Kavya K
Published: February 2024

Any drug delivery system's purpose is to deliver a therapeutic amount of medicine to the appropriate place in the body while also achieving and maintaining the correct drug concentration. This could be accomplished by using numerous unit dosage forms such as microgranules/spheroids, pellets, microcapsules, and beads, which are divided into many separate units, referred to as subunits, each of which possesses certain desired features. The advantages of micro particle drug delivery systems over single unit dose form are well documented. One of the solutions that does not entail the use of harsh chemicals or elevated temperatures is the production of microbeads medication delivery systems. The traditional procedures require the use of ionotropic gelation methods, which include internal and external gelation methods, emulsion gelation methods, polyelectrolyte complexation methods, and so on. Because of the ease of preparation, the majority of work has been done on the preparation of microbeads using the ionotropic gelation process rather than alternative approaches.
Cannabis sativa: A therapeutic medicinal plant-global marketing updates
Authors: Ravindra B. Malabadi  , Simuzar S. Mammadova  , Kiran P. Kolkar  , Sadiya MR  , Raju K. Chalannavar  , Karen Viviana Castaño Coronado
Published: February 2024

Cannabis has been used for thousands of years for recreational, medicinal, or religious purposes and the therapeutic potential of medicinal Cannabis was demonstrated in various medical conditions. The legalization of Cannabis is an important source of economic growth as it contributes to the growing revenue tax, and the creation of new workplaces. The maturity of the Cannabis market varies across the globe mainly due to differing legal environments and public attitudes towards Cannabis. Some countries such as Canada and the United States have adopted fully regulated frameworks that allow the cultivation, consumption, and retail distribution of various Cannabis products. Uruguay became the first country in the world to legalize the production, distribution and consumption of cannabis in 2013. The Cannabis market in Canada and the USA is experiencing rapid growth due to the country's legalization of recreational use. Regulations can also differ regarding how cannabis is used. However, the use, cultivation, and marketing of Medical Cannabis sativa (drug or Marijuana type ) is banned and prohibited in India due to the presence of high levels of psychoactive principle THC (Narcotic drug). On the other hand, Industrial Cannabis sativa (seed or fiber type) Hemp was legalized in 2021 by The Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI), Government of India, New Delhi. In Azerbaijan, Cannabis is not available for medical or recreational use. Recreational Cannabis and medical marijuana are illegal in Azerbaijan. Marijuana is illegal for medical and recreational purposes in China. There is still a huge prejudice in society about medical Cannabis due to its recreational use. However, this scenario is changing, and the social resistance is decreasing for the medicinal use of Cannabis. The Cannabis (Hemp) market in India is predicted to experience a substantial revenue growth, with projections indicating that it will reach ₹US$100.80m by 2024. The Cannabis market worldwide is projected to reach a revenue of US$60.79bn in 2024. The global legal marijuana market size is expected to reach USD 73.6 billion by 2027 and is anticipated to expand at a CAGR of 18.1% during the forecast period.
Laparoscopic cholecystectomy in obese diabetic women
Authors: Sadam Hussain  , Amna Abbasi
Published: February 2024

Background: Diabetes mellitus is associated with an increased risk of complications after abdominal surgery. We evaluated retrospectively the impact of preoperative risk factors and outcome of diabetic patients after laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) compared with open cholecystectomy (OC) for symptomatic gallstones. Objective: To determine Laparoscopic cholecystectomy in obese diabetic women Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Shifa International hospital Islamabad Pakistan, which was performed between April 2020 and March 2022. The total number of patients in our study were 100. The number of female patients were 95 and male were 5. In 100 consecutive patients who underwent for blood tests and some diagnostic tests too. We included only old age people in our study age above than 40 years. We took BMI for every patients. Data was tabulated and analyzed by SPSS. Results: In a current study total 100 patients were enrolled. The minimum age of patients were 40 and the maximum age of the patients were 80. The mean age were 11.81±10.2 years. The minimum BMI were 30 and maximum BMI were 40. The mean BMI were 3.041±13.5. The minimum Operation hours were 1 and maximum Operation hours were 2. The mean of the operation hours were 1.045±3.76. Fig 1, shows us gender distribution, in which 95 were female patients while 5 were male patients. The frequency of male patients were 95 and the percentage were 95. The frequency of female patients were 5 and its percentage were 5. The frequency of nausea patients were 16 and its percentage were 16. The frequency of vomiting patients were 84 and its percentage were 84. The frequency of sever right abdominal patients was present in 97 patients and was not present in 3 patients. The frequency of diabetes mellitus 97 and its percentage were 97 while the frequency of diabetes mellitus were not present in 3 patients. 75% of patients were cholelithiasis while 25% of patients were not affected by cholelithiasis. The second figure shows 18 % of patients have choledocholithiasis and 82 % of patients were not affected by this disease. The third figure shows that 3% of patients have cholecystitis while 97% of patients were not affected by this type of disease. The fourth figure shows that type 2 Diabetes mellitus were present in 97% of patients while were not present in 3% of patients. Conclusion: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy as a new technique for the treatment of cholecystectomy. The main benefit of laparoscopic cholecystectomy for diabetic patients is that the wound recovers fast and its no major complications. In our study females were as compared to males. The operation time is from 1 to 2 hours on laparoscopic Cholecystectomy.
Tarihi Alanlarda Afet Riski Azaltma Planları ve 6 Şubat 2023 Kahramanmaraş Depremleri: Kurtuluş Caddesi Örneği
Authors: SOYLUK Asena , KÖSE Zeynep
Published: February 2024

Afet risk azaltma planları afetlere neden olabilecek faktörlerin sistematik olarak analiz edilerek yönetilmesi ve bu faktörlerin azaltılması amacıyla hazırlanmaktadır. Farklı ölçeklerde muhtemel senaryolar içeren bu planlarda tarihi alanların korunması kapsamında risk unsurları ve çözüm önerileri bulunmaktadır. Türkiye’den birden fazla aktif fay hattının geçmesi sebebiyle yeni ve eski tüm yapı stoğunun deprem ihtimaline karşı afet risk azaltma planı ile hazırlıklı olması gerekmektedir. Bu kapsamda tarihi alanların kimliklerine uygun özelleşmiş planlamalar yapılmalıdır. 6 Şubat 2023 Kahramanmaraş Depremleri’nin ardından Antakya’daki Kurtuluş Caddesi üzerindeki kültürel miras hasarları ve yıkımı deprem öncelikli planlamanın önemini göstermektedir. Kurtuluş Caddesi özelinde kültürel miras yapıları incelenerek yapıların hasar görebilirlik riskini artıran kentsel ve mimari nitelikler araştırılmıştır. Literatür taramasının yanında güncel haberler ve idari raporlar taranarak elde edilen veriler harita ve tablolar kullanılarak aktarılmıştır. Kültürel mirası depremin yıkıcı etkilerinden korumak amacıyla kentsel ölçekte öneriler geliştirilmiştir.
¿Readaptación social del condenado por medio del encierro carcelario?
Authors: Arocena Gustavo Alberto
Published: February 2024

En el presente artículo, el autor analiza la adecuada reinserción social del recluso como finalidad de la ejecución de la pena privativa de la libertad. Con ese propósito, el jurista identifica los diferentes modelos de readaptación social (“readaptación para la moralidad” y “readaptación para la legalidad”), con sus virtudes y críticas. Por último, Arocena examina los condicionamientos que impone un arquetipo de Estado social y democrático de Derecho, a la hora de adherir a uno u otro de esos modelos, y finalmente expone sus razones a favor de un paradigma de readaptación social mínimo.
La aportación del humanista Miguel Sabuco a los métodos de la ciencia jurídica moderna
Authors: Rojo Gallego-Burín Marina
Published: February 2024

En la España de los siglos XVI y XVII se desarrolla la Escolástica española. Un tiempo en el que las Universidades no contaban con programas oficiales de estudios y, por tanto, la enseñanza del Derecho era distinta en cada una de ellas. Asimismo, imperan dos corrientes doctrinales distintas: el humanismo jurídico y el mos italicus tardío. El estado de la ciencia jurídica de ese momento provoca que proliferen tratados didácticos para la enseñanza de Leyes. Uno de ellos, muy desatendido por la historiografía jurídica, es Nueva Filosofía de la natvraleza del hombre, no conocida ni alcançada de los grandes filosofos antiguos, que analizamos en este trabajo en aras a contribuir con el estudio del Derecho de la Edad Moderna, pues su autor, Miguel Sabuco, se caracteriza por exponer el estado de la ciencia jurídica en ese momento y formular propuestas de mejora.
Development of an instrument for measuring Spanish vocabulary knowledge
Authors: Khong Hou Keat , Kabilan Muhammad Kamarul
Published: February 2024

Reliable estimates of vocabulary knowledge offer useful information for planning and improving language learning. However, problems arise when existing vocabulary measures signal a lack of validation evidence, and they are predominantly used for instructional purposes. Therefore, this study addresses the gap by providing a description of the development of a valid and reliable instrument for research and evaluation. Adhering to Read and Chapelle’s (2001) framework for vocabulary assessment, the instrument was created using resources which were closely related to the research subject and context to enhance the validity and reliability. Results indicated that the instrument was valid, reliable and sensitive to different vocabulary instructions. This study not only presents validation evidence which is consistent with current educational measurement theory, but also encourages language teachers and researchers to become vocabulary assessment literate to assure the psychometric qualities of the instrument they develop.
Probing the bond between EFL teachers’ emotional literacy skills and professional development
Authors: Ghiasvand Farhad , Jahanbakhsh Akbar A. , Kogani Maryam
Published: February 2024

he emotional side of second/foreign language (L2) education has been widely explored in the past decade. However, the way English as foreign language (EFL) teachers’ emotional literacy (EL) influences their professionalism has remained unaddressed. Against this shortcoming, this study examined the association between EFL teachers’ EL skills and professional development. To do so, two online questionnaires were disseminated among 350 Iranian EFL teachers. The results of structural equation modeling (SEM) and correlation analysis revealed that all the five components of teacher EL skills were significantly correlated with teacher professional development, with social skills (r = .419) and emotional awareness (r = .417) having the strongest correlations. Moreover, the results of regression analysis indicated that teacher EL predicted 25.0% of the variance in teacher professional development. Of the components, three significant predictors were detected, namely emotional awareness, social skills, and self-regulation. Emotional awareness was the best predictor (β = .268, p = .000 < .01) that uniquely explained 7.18% of the variance in teacher professional development. Social skills and self-regulation were the other significant predictors of teacher professional development. The study ends in some conclusions, implications, and suggestions for further research on teacher emotions in L2 teaching and professional development.
Биохимический состав корнеплодов различных сортов и гибридов свёклы столовой
Authors: Борисов Валерий Александрович , Успенская Ольга Николаевна , Фильрозе Николай Айтжанович
Published: February 2024

Изучен биохимический состав корнеплодов разных сортов и гибридов свёклы столовой отечественной и зарубежной селекций за десятилетний срок возделывания. Проведено сравнение 20 сортов российской селекции и 4 лучших зарубежных гибридов из Нидерландов по средним показателям биохимического состава. Полевые и лабораторные работы выполняли на аллювиальных луговых почвах центральной части Москворецкой поймы в 2010 – 2019 гг. (Московская область). Представлены данные по содержанию 4 показателей качества свёклы столовой для каждого из сортов и гибридов, которые варьируют в широких пределах: сухое вещество — от 11,3 до 24,9 %; сахара — от 6,0 до 15,5 %, бетанин — от 60 до 202 мг/100 г; нитраты — от 61 до 2190 мг/кг. Сравнение суммарных средних показателей качества российских сортов и голландских гибридов свёклы столовой показало преимущество российских сортов. Отечественные сорта содержат в среднем на 11,5 % больше сухих веществ, на 11,8 % больше сахаров, на 16,5 % больше бетанина и на 21,5 % меньше нитратов.
Результаты цитологического исследования при диагностике субклинического эндометрита у коров
Authors: Фирсов Григорий Михайлович , Ряднов Алексей Анатольевич , Ряднова Тамара Александровна , Морозова Зоя Черменовна , Будтуев Олег Валерьевич
Published: February 2024

Представлены результаты цитологической диагностики субклинического эндометрита у крупного рогатого скота. Исследование проводили в 2022 – 2023 гг. на дойном стаде в хозяйстве Светлоярского района Волгоградской области, представленного 26 коровами симментальской породы. Из исследования исключали коров с клиническими признаками эндометрита, а также коров, принимавших гормоны или антибиотики в течение недели до исследования. Для гинекологического обследования использовали цитощётки, применяемые в гуманитарной медицине. Фиксацию и окраску полученных мазков проводили по Папаниколау (PAP-тест). На 100 клеток учитывали полиморфноядерные лейкоциты на 4-й неделе после отёла ≥18 % и на 6-й неделе ≥10 %. Встречаемость колебалась от 30,77 % в 2022 г. и от 26,92 % в 2023 г. В среднем выявлено 28,85 ± 1,92 % при обследовании к 4-й неделе после отёла, и уровень снижался до 23,05 ± 3,84 % к 6-й неделе после отёла. В 2022 г. у клинически здоровых коров, обследованных на 4-й неделе после отела, у 30,77 % выявлен повышенный уровень лейкоцитов в мазках. Однако при следующем обследовании, проведенном через 2 недели, уровень снизился до 26,92 %. В 2023 г. у клинически здоровых коров, обследованных на 4-й неделе после отела, у 26,92 % выявлен повышенный уровень лейкоцитов в мазках, на 6-й неделе после отёла он снизился до 19,23 %.
What Are You Looking For?
Authors: Engelson Leslie , Sye David , Utgaard Bentley , Wilson Megan
Published: February 2024

After providing input on the development of a new website for the University Libraries, the librarians at Murray State University decided to do a usability study to determine how well the new design supports the research and information needs of its primary users, students and faculty, before switching to the new website. A usability study group embarked on a process of learning, implementing, and discovery. This article walks through the implementation process and details how we prepared for the study, implemented it, and what we learned from the participants about how our library website is used and how to improve the design to better support the needs of the users. We share some findings that are broadly applicable for improving library websites as well as some surprises we discovered.
A Framework for Assessment of Logistics Enterprises’ Safety Standardization Performance Based on Prospect Theory
Authors:   School of Economics and Management, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241002, Anhui, China, Yushuo Cao , Ling Ding ,   School of Economics and Management, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241002, Anhui, China
Published: February 2024

To evaluate the performance of the logistics safety standard system, we propose an evaluation framework based on the performance evaluation theory. First, we construct the performance evaluation indicator of the safety standard system for logistics enterprises. It is based on the existing performance evaluation indicator and combined with the construction goal of the logistics safety standard system. Second, we combine the triangular fuzzy number and prospect theory to determine the indicator state according to the characteristics of performance evaluation indicators. Then, we use the Choquet integral, fuzzy method, and Shapley value methods to evaluate the information, which considers the interaction of indicators. Third, we use the entropy and fuzzy analytic hierarchy process to determine the expert weight. The performance evaluation information of the logistic enterprise’s safety standard system is aggregated to obtain the assessment results. Finally, the proposed framework is validated by an example analysis. The results show that the proposed framework can be used to evaluate the performance of logistics enterprise safety standard systems.
Gaze sequence enhanced with machine learning
Authors: Jackson Kelvin
Published: February 2024

Gaze sequencing, the analysis of the order and duration of eye fixations, plays a crucial role in understanding human behavior, cognitive processes, and decision-making. It has applications in various fields such as human-computer interaction, healthcare, psychology research, and more. However, accurately capturing and interpreting gaze sequences can be challenging due to factors like noise, distractions, and individual variations. To overcome these challenges and enhance the accuracy of gaze sequencing, machine learning techniques have emerged as powerful tools. This article provides an overview of machine learning techniques in gaze sequence analysis and explores their role in improving accuracy, along with discussing applications, challenges, future trends, and case studies. By leveraging machine learning, we can unlock the full potential of gaze sequencing, opening up new avenues for research, development, and real-world applications.
Exploring age-related patterns in internet access: Insights from a secondary analysis of New Zealand survey data
Authors: Pacheco Edgar
Published: February 2024

About thirty years ago, when the Internet started to be commercialised, access to the medium became a topic of research and debate. Up-to-date evidence about key predictors, such age, is crucial because of the Internet's ever-changing nature and the challenges associated with gaining access to it. This paper aims to give an overview of New Zealand's Internet access trends and how they relate to age. It is based on secondary analysis of data from a larger online panel survey with 1,001 adult respondents. The Chi-square test of independence and Cramer's V were used in the analysis. The study provides new evidence to understand the digital divide. Specifically, it uncovers a growing disparity in the quality of Internet connectivity. Even though fibre is the most common type of broadband connection at home, older adults are less likely to have it and more likely to use wireless broadband, which is a slower connection type. Additionally, a sizable majority of people in all age categories have favourable opinions on the Internet. Interestingly, this was more prevalent among older people, although they report an increased concern about the security of their personal information online. The implications of the results are discussed and some directions for future research are proposed.
Complexigraphy: Theoretical Foundations And Methodological Challenges Of Mapping Complex Thinking
Authors: Melo Ana Teixeira , Renault Letícia
Published: February 2024

In this paper, we explore the methodological challenge of ensuring coherence between the conceptualisations and assumptions underlying our research and the nature of the methods chosen to tackle our phenomena of interest. We illustrate this challenge by elaborating on the methodological thinking which guided the development of a new method for mapping and analysing changes regarding complex thinking, conceptualised from an enactive, embodied, processual and dynamic perspective. We highlight how our ontological and epistemological assumptions, as well as our pragmatic concerns simultaneously posed challenges and pointed towards solutions, describing broad features of this new visual qualitative method — Complexigraphy — for mapping and analysing changes in complex thinking, while supporting their performance. We propose this work may inspire a new general methodological approach- a ‘Differography”- to mapping and performing change in complex entities, with fuzzy and ill-defined boundaries, through a complex process of coupling with the objects of our investigation
Modelling serological data using reversible jump Markov chain Monte Carlo
Authors: Hodgson David , Hay James , Kucharski Adam J.
Published: February 2024

The methods file describing the RJ-MCMC algorithm, its derivation and it's applications
Research brief: Gender differences in Australian research grant awards, applications, amounts, and workforce participation
Authors: Kingsley Isabelle , Slavich Eve , Harvey-Smith Lisa , Johnston Emma L. , Williams Lisa A.
Published: February 2024

Our research examined gender differences in Australian government-funded competitive research grants. Specifically, we examined twenty years (2000–2020) of awarded grants and funding amounts according to the gender of the lead investigator. We also explored if observed gender differences in awarded grants mirrored application rates and/or research workforce participation by gender. The dataset contained 46,912 grants awarded by the Australian Research Council (ARC) and the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC). We incorporated grant application data and research workforce data. We accounted for factors such as the career seniority of the lead investigator and the field of research.*Key findings*We found that fewer awarded grants were led by women than by men. Overall, success rates of grant applications did not vary according to the gender of the lead investigator. There were fewer women than men in the research workforce. The award rate (the number of awarded grants relative to workforce participation) was slightly higher for women than men. Most of the gender differences were largest at senior-career levels.Together these patterns yield a research ecosystem in which fewer women in the research workforce and leading grant applications likely result in fewer awarded grants led by women than by men. This pattern emerges despite a disparity in award rates favouring women. Gender differences in awarded grants reduced over time. This trend over time differs by career seniority. Gender differences in awarded grants varied by field of research. Proportionally fewer awarded grants were led by women in chemical sciences, mathematical sciences, earth sciences, engineering, technology, and physical sciences. These gender differences broadly mirror differences in application rates and workforce participation rates within each field of research.Funding amounts per awarded grant did not vary by the gender of the lead investigator. Cumulative funds awarded to women-led grants were lower ($7.4 billion) than cumulative funds awarded to men-led grants ($19 billion) – an outcome driven by numerically fewer awarded grants being led by women.*Conclusions*Gender differences in awarded Australian competitive government grants mirror unequal workforce participation. To resolve these differences, barriers to women’s entry and, more critically, retention and progression in the research workforce need to be addressed. The responsibility to remove barriers rests with several entities. We offer recommendations for higher education and research institutions, government, and research funders.
You say predictor, we say common factor - a response to Schwarzkopf
Authors: Jastrzębowska Maya A. , Ozkirli Ayberk , Cretenoud Aline F. , Draganski Bogdan , Herzog Michael H.
Published: February 2024

We recently investigated the relationship between the surface area and population receptive field (pRF) sizes of human early visual cortices and susceptibility to a series of spatial illusions (Jastrzębowska et al., 2023). This was an attempt at direct and conceptual replication of a series of studies by Schwarzkopf and colleagues (Moutsiana et al., 2016; Schwarzkopf et al., 2011; Schwarzkopf & Rees, 2013; Song et al., 2013). We could not replicate previous findings, with no significant correlations either between illusions at the behavioral level or between illusions and neural measures. Schwarzkopf published a reply (Schwarzkopf, 2024), in which he took issue with our work, primarily at the theoretical/conceptual level, and pointed out certain methodological concerns. We appreciate the time and effort taken by Schwarzkopf to provide detailed feedback on our work. Given the conflict of interest in this matter, we will keep our response brief, addressing the more minor points in a revision of our manuscript.
Subtle Signs of Scribal Intent in the Voynich Manuscript
Authors: Steckley Andrew , Steckley Noah
Published: February 2024

This study explores the cryptic Voynich Manuscript, by looking for subtle signs of scribal intent hidden in overlooked features of the “Voynichese” script. The findings indicate that distributions of tokens within paragraphs vary significantly based on positions defined not only by elements intrinsic to the script such as paragraph and line boundaries but also by extrinsic elements, namely the hand-drawn illustrations of plants.
Eye movements analysis and the quantitative bias
Authors: Jackson Kelvin
Published: February 2024

Eye movements analysis is a valuable tool in understanding cognitive processes and behaviors. By tracking and analyzing the movements of the eyes, researchers gain insights into attention, perception, decision-making, and other cognitive functions. However, like any scientific methodology, eye movement analysis is not immune to biases that can affect the accuracy and reliability of the obtained data. One such bias is quantitative bias, which refers to systematic errors and distortions in eye movement measurements and interpretations. This article aims to explore the concept of quantitative bias in eye movements analysis, its impact on data interpretation, and various factors that contribute to its occurrence. Additionally, it will discuss the limitations and challenges in addressing quantitative bias and present strategies for reducing or minimizing its effects. By understanding and addressing quantitative bias, researchers can enhance the validity and robustness of their eye movement studies, leading to more accurate insights into cognitive processes.
Conducting Power Analysis for Meta-Analysis of Dependent Effect Sizes: Common Guidelines and an Introduction to the POMADE R package
Authors: Vembye Mikkel Helding , Pustejovsky James E , Pigott Terri
Published: February 2024

Sample size and statistical power are important factors to consider when planning a research synthesis. Power analysis methods have been developed for fixed effect or random effects models, but until recently these methods were limited to simple data structures with a single, independent effect per study. Recent work has provided power approximation formulas for meta-analyses involving studies with multiple, dependent effect size estimates, which are common in syntheses of social science research. Prior work focused on developing and validating the approximations but did not address the practice challenges encountered in applying them for purposes of planning a synthesis involving dependent effect sizes. We aim to facilitate the application of these recent developments by providing practical guidance on how to conduct power analysis for planning a meta-analysis of dependent effect sizes and by introducing a new R package, POMADE, designed for this purpose. We present a comprehensive overview of resources for finding information about the study design features and model parameters needed to conduct power analysis, along with detailed worked examples using the POMADE package. For presenting power analysis findings, we emphasize graphical tools that can depict power under a range of plausible as-sumptions and introduce a novel plot, the traffic light power plot, for conveying the degree of certainty in one’s assumptions.
A Survey of Researcher Perceptions of Replication in Geography
Authors: Kedron Peter , Holler Joseph , Bardin Sarah
Published: February 2024

Replications confront existing explanations with new evidence by retesting prior claims using new data and similar research procedures. Publishing replication studies remains uncommon in the geographic literature. Place-to-place variations make it unclear whether the results and claims of a study should be expected to replicate across locations, while a lack of experimental control makes it challenging to implement replications that can provide clear evidence about those same results and claims. The small number of studies that have attempted to replicate geographic research suggest that many studies cannot be fully replicated, or are simply missing information needed to attempt a replication. Accordingly, it remains unclear how geographic researchers view replication and its role in the knowledge accumulation process.To address this question, we surveyed geographic researchers about their understanding of replicability, beliefs about what factors affect the chances of replicating a study, motivations to attempt replication studies, and experiences conducting replications. The results of our survey suggest that researchers are familiar with replication and believe that replication studies can serve a range of epistemological functions. Nonetheless, only a small percentage of geographic researchers attempt or publish replications due to a lack of incentives. Researchers are similarly uncertain whether it is currently valuable to replicate geographic research. These findings may in part be due to differences between research traditions, and it may be fruitful to further examine how researchers working in different subfields perceive and use replication in their work.
Lithospheric unzipping explaining hot orogenesis during continental subduction
Authors: van Hinsbergen Douwe , Lamont Thomas , Guilmette Carl
Published: February 2024

Accretionary orogens often contain upper crustal nappes derived from subducted continental lithosphere that display (ultra-)high-pressure, low-temperature ((U)HP-LT) metamorphism. Surprisingly, such orogens also contain continent-derived nappes that underwent ‘Barrovian’ (MP-HT) prograde metamorphism instead. Here, we show that these Barrovian nappes were transported at a low angle below the orogenic crustover 150 km or more within ~10 Ma after the inception of its underthrusting. We show for three Barrovian nappes in the eastern Mediterranean region (Kırşehir Block, Menderes massif, Naxos Basal Unit) that they form the deepest exposed structural levels of the orogen and that they are still underlain by 20-35 km thick crust but not their pre-orogenic lithospheric mantle, which forms part of steeply subducted slabs instead. We propose that these Barrovian nappes were accreted by a process of lithospheric unzipping, whereby during continental subduction the crust decoupled around the Moho and underplated the accretionary orogen at low angle while the mantle lithosphere subducted steeply, as a slab. The unzipped crust, unprotected by mantle lithosphere, heated up quickly as it underthrusted the orogen. We propose that continental subduction has three modes: (i) Formation of thin (U)HP-LT nappes during subduction of stretched continental margins; (ii) underplating of thicker, MP-HT continental crust by unzipping; and (iii) eventual arrest of continental subduction with the arrival of unstretched continent. Finally, the process of lithospheric unzipping may have been the default geological response to continental subduction in a hotter, younger Earth, possibly explaining enigmatic hot Proterozoic orogenesis, such as in the Trans-Hudson orogen of Canada.
Multi-satellite data depicts record-breaking methane leak from a well blowout
Authors: Guanter Luis , Roger Javier , Sharma Shubham , Valverde Adriana , Irakulis-Loitxate Itziar , Gorroño Javier , Zhang Xin , Schuit Berend , Maasakkers Joannes , Aben Ilse , Groshenry Alexis , Benoit Antoine , Peyle Quentin , Zavala-Araiza Daniel
Published: February 2024

Accidental blowouts in oil and gas wells can result in large and prolonged methane emissions, which are often unreported when happening in remote places. The rapid advancement of space-based methods for detecting and quantifying methane plumes provides an essential tool for uncovering these super-emission events. We use a range of methane-sensitive satellites to document a methane leak from a well blowout in Kazakhstan's Karaturun East oil field in 2023. A dense time series of observations from multiple satellites shows that the leak was active during 205 days. Using 48 high-quality plume observations from this time series, we estimate that a total of 128±36 kt of methane were released to the atmosphere during this leak. Our results reveal that the total methane emissions from the Karaturun 2023 event exceeded those from all previously documented accidents, and highlight the pivotal role of satellites in detecting and quantifying large methane plumes around the planet.
Incidental anger and happiness increase intentional self-serving deception: An online study based on an ecological deception task
Authors: Mello Manuel , Dupont Lennie , Aglioti Salvatore Maria
Published: February 2024

Deceptive, dishonest behaviour is a common occurrence in daily life. While several psychology and neuroscience studies have explored the factors that influence dishonesty, research on how incidental emotions affect moral decision-making remains limited. Influential models linking emotion and ethics, suggest that inducing specific emotions may bias individuals to become self-focused, and thus elicit self-serving deception, or other-focused and thus lead to truth-telling or prosocial lies. To expand on the knowledge inspired by these models, here we investigated how incidental anger, gratitude, and happiness influence dishonest behaviour. Using an ecologically-valid deception task, the Temptation to Lie Card Game, we found that egoistic lies were associated more to incidental anger and happiness than to gratitude. Moreover, levels of personality traits relevant for deceptive behaviours significantly correlated with a higher rate of egoistic lies for anger and happiness, but not gratitude induction. These findings align with recent models suggesting that the impact of emotions on moral decision-making is influenced by cognitive appraisal mechanisms, which affect how people evaluate future events, prioritizing themselves or others. Our study represents the first to compare the effects of multiple incidental emotions on deception and may serve as a foundation for exploring the link between emotions and moral-decision making at behavioural and neural levels.
Acoustic scene complexity affects motion behavior during speech perception in audio-visual multi-talker virtual environments
Authors: Slomianka Valeska , Dau Torsten , Ahrens Axel
Published: February 2024

In real-world listening situations, individuals typically utilize head and eye movements to receive and enhance sensory information while exploring acoustic scenes. However, the specific patterns of such movements have not yet been fully characterized. Here, we studied how movement behavior is influenced by scene complexity, varied in terms of reverberation and the number of concurrent talkers. Thirteen normal-hearing participants engaged in a speech comprehension and localization task, requiring them to indicate the spatial location of a spoken story in the presence of other stories in virtual audio-visual scenes. We observed delayed initial head movements when more simultaneous talkers were present in the scene. Both reverberation and a higher number of talkers extended the search period, increased the number of fixated source locations, and resulted in more gaze jumps. The period preceding the participants’ responses was prolonged when more concurrent talkers were present, and listeners continued to move their eyes in the proximity of the target talker. In scenes with more reverberation, the final head position when making the decision was farther away from the target. These findings demonstrate that the complexity of the acoustic scene influences listener behavior during speech comprehension and localization in audio-visual scenes.
Cost-effectiveness of Internet-Delivered Emotion Regulation Therapy for Adolescents With Nonsuicidal Self-injury
Authors: Bjureberg Johan , Ojala Olivia , Rasmusson Björn , Malmgren Jessica , Hellner Clara , Flygare Oskar
Published: February 2024

Objectives: To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of internet-delivered emotion regulation individual therapy for adolescents (IERITA) with nonsuicidal self-injury disorder.Design: Secondary cost-effectiveness analyses from a randomized controlled trial of IERITA plus treatment as usual (TAU) versus TAU only.Setting: Multi-site study at three child and adolescent mental health services in Sweden.Participants: Clinically referred and self-referred adolescent participants meeting diagnostic criteria for nonsuicidal self-injury disorder (N = 166) and their parents. Recruitment took place between November 20, 2017, and April 9, 2020.Interventions: Twelve weeks of IERITA delivered adjunctive to TAU versus TAU only.Main outcomes and measures: Clinical outcomes were frequency of nonsuicidal self-injury (primary outcome) and NSSI remission, assessed by the Deliberate Self-Harm Inventory-Youth version and quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) estimated based on participant responses on the Kid-Screen 10. Intervention, health care sector, and societal costs were assessed using the parent-rated version of the Trimbos-iMTA questionnaire for costs associated with psychiatric illness. Clinical outcomes and costs were measured before treatment, 1-month post-treatment (primary end-point), and 3-month post-treatment.Results: Adding IERITA to TAU was associated with improved clinical outcomes and increased costs at 1-month post-treatment, reducing one NSSI episode at a cost of \$2107 and achieving NSSI remission in one additional participant for \$8809. At 3-month post-treatment, IERITA was more effective in clinical outcomes and cost saving from both a societal (\$-2067) and health-care perspective (\$-425). IERITA had a 48-55% probability of being cost-effective at common QALY willingness-to-pay thresholds at 1-month post-treatment, which increased to 73-76% at the 3-month post-treatment.Conclusions: IERITA delivered adjunctive to TAU is a cost-effective treatment of nonsuicidal self-injury in youth, compared to TAU only. At the 3-month post-treatment assessment, IERITA was associated with both improved clinical outcomes and reduced costs.