bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO EVALUATION AND PREDICTION OF INDIVIDUAL RISK TO HEALTH UNDER THE EXPOSURE TO A COMPLEX OF DIFFERENT FACTORS FOR TASKS OF PERSONALIZED PROPHYLAXIS
Authors: Zemlyanova Marina A. , Zaytseva N. V. , Kiryanov D. A. , Ustinova O. Yu.
Published: March 2019

Methodical approaches to the assessment and prediction of the individual risk for the development of diseases associated with the effect of a complex of heterogeneous factors, taking into account the features of the genetic and somatic status of the individual for the tasks of personalized prevention, are suggested. The conceptual basis of the methodology is the presentation of the individual risk for diseases as a quantity that varies with time depending on the level and duration of the exposure of the acting factors (evolution), with respect to the contribution of natural causes. There is presented a model describing the evolution of individual risk, which takes into account a complex system of dependencies of the indices of the body’s somatic state and genetic status on the variable exposure of factors. To assess the value of the individual risk, there are proposed a scale and a system of criteria for the assessment of the likelihood of the development of the disease with taking account of its severity. The established value of the individual risk in relation to a specific disease determines the list, scope and sequence of measures for the personalized prevention, and is also a measure of their effectiveness. A large-scale epidemiological study of the population (about 10 thousand people) from 12 regions of the Russian Federation was executed. There was obtained a system of dependencies which reflects the cause-effect relationships between indices characterizing the factors of habitat and lifestyle, the body’s somatic and genetic status (more than 500 indices), the probability of diseases associated with risk factors (about 20 nosological forms). There was created a special replenished information resource «Model Library» has been created, including parameters of more than 4 thousand adequate and reliable dependencies of cause-effect relationships, revealed by relying upon the results of own epidemiological studies and analysis of domestic and foreign scientific publications. An algorithm for the estimation and prediction the individual risk has been developed for the formation of personalized prevention programs aimed at its reducing. The algorithm is implemented in the form of an information and analytical system that can be used as a tool for making managerial decisions in the field of personalized prevention of diseases associated with risk factors at the group and population levels.
TO THE PROBLEM OF RATING THE MIGRATION OF FORMALDEHYDE FROM POLYMER CONTAINING BUILDING, FINISHING MATERIALS AND FURNITURE
Authors: Nikiforova Nadezhda V. , May I. V.
Published: March 2019

The article deals with the chemical safety of polymer-containing materials, including furniture and raw materials for its production. The focus of the study is on the current issue of the adequacy of established standards for the emission of formaldehyde from furniture products and polymer-containing wood products. The article presents data on the levels of formaldehyde migration from a number of constructing and finishing materials used in the prefabricated-frame construction of residential buildings. The migration of formaldehyde from all the materials studied was found to not exceed the permissible level of 0.01 mg/m3. There are presented calculated data on the levels of air pollution in conditions of the combined use of construction and finishing materials, which can reach 1.3 MPC for average daily dose (MPCadd). There are reported results of instrumental studies of the content of formaldehyde in the air of precast frame houses. The average daily concentrations of formaldehyde were found to be in the range from 0.002 to 0.083 mg/m3 (0.2-8.3 MPCadd). The article presents a comparative analysis of the results of in-depth medical and biological research on the health status of the population living in prefabricated frame houses and the population living in brick houses on conditionally clean territories. Based on the results of in-depth medical and biological research on the health status of the population, the mathematical dependencies of formaldehyde exposure with public health impairments, adequate to the scientific literature, were obtained; a model for the evolution of the risk of respiratory diseases has been constructed. The additional risk of forming respiratory diseases with lifetime daily average exposure to formaldehyde was estimated, for example, an average annual exposure of 0.032 mg/m3 was found to form an unacceptable risk for the population after 9 years of exposure (R = 1.10 ∙ 10-04).
THE IMPACT OF LOCAL ZONES OF THE WASTE STORAGE ON YEAST COMMUNITIES IN URBAN SOILS
Authors: Tepeeva Aleksandra N. , Glushakova A. M. , Kachalkin A. V.
Published: March 2019

The analysis of the number and species structure of yeast communities of urban soils near the sites of the household waste storage in the city of Moscow was executed using a standard method for sowing glucose-peptone-yeast medium. In all studied soils there were found yeast fungi whose abundance exceeds the indices for undisturbed soils. The identification of the collection of isolated strains based on the analysis of the nucleotide sequence of the D1/D2 domains of the large subunit of rDNA showed in urban soils the presence of 33 yeast fungi, a significant proportion which are species - Candida parapsilosis, C. tropicalis, Diutina catenulata, clinically important for the health of people. An analysis of the taxonomic structure of urban soils also showed marked changes in yeast groups compared to undisturbed soils: a lower proportion of basidiomycetes and a lack of typical pedobionts of the genus Solicoccozyma. The data obtained in the course of the conducted research testify to the advisability of observing the existing standards for storing household waste and the need for additional measures to reduce the risks associated with the presence of clinically important yeast species in similar zones within the city.
HYGIENIC EVALUATION OF THE IMPACT OF WORKING CONDITIONS ON THE HEALTH OF WORKERS OF THE COMPLEX FOR PRODUCTION OF PHTHALIC ANHYDRIDE AND FUMARIC ACID
Authors: Alekseev V. B. , Shur P. Z. , Shlyapnikov Dmitriy M. , Kostarev V. G.
Published: March 2019

In a priori assessment, the professional risk for workers in the production of phthalic anhydride is characterized by an average (class of labor conditions - 3.2), the main harmful chemical production factors: phthalic anhydride, fumaric acid, maleic aldehyde, dimethylbenzene (MPC for single dose (MPCsd) - up to 5.9). These factors are identified as priority ones in the development of adverse effects from the side of the hepatobiliary system. The impact of chemicals is intermittent in character during the shift, which requires control of the content of chemicals in the air in the working area in the form of average shift concentrations. In workers of the complex for the production of phthalic anhydride and fumaric acid, there is an accumulation of o-xylene, phthalic and fumaric acid, whose concentrations are significantly higher (p = 0.0001 - 0.03) if compared with the reference parameters of the comparison group (the excess multiplicity up to 7 times). Among the workers of the phthalic anhydride and fumaric acid production complex, there were no established statistically significant differences in the blood content of o-xylene, phthalic acid and fumaric acids when performing work under conditions of thermal loading of the environment and under conditions with acceptable microclimate parameters. The development of disorders of the hepatobiliary system was shown to begin with the intensification of free radical damage to cell membranes (manifested by an increase in the MDA content of blood relative to the age physiological norm and relative to the index of workers in the comparison group). With a work experience of up to 5 years, the accumulation of secondary products of lipid peroxidation (LPO) in workers is hampered by the activation of antioxidant protection processes. At the experience of more than 5 years, the development of adverse effects from the side of the liver has been established: significantly higher levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (p = 0.027), in cases with an experience of more than 10 years - the level of total and direct bilirubin in blood serum is elevated by 1.4-1.5 times, p = 0.0001 - 0.002). There was found the statistically significant cause-and-effect relationship of the elevated total blood bilirubin content with labor conditions (RR = 2.86, 95% CI = 1.03-7.98, etiological proportion 65.08%)
METHODOLOGICAL SUPPORT OF CONTROL OF THE CONTENT OF N-NITROZODIPHENYLAMINE IN FOOD MEAT AND MEAT/PLANT PRODUCTS
Authors: Nurislamova Tatyana V. , Ulanova T. S. , Popova N. A. , Maltseva O. A.
Published: March 2019

The methodical methods used in the practice of the development and application of methods for the determination of chemical compounds in food products for practical instrumental studies used in conducting laboratory studies of food safety are considered. An algorithm for the development of a chromatography-mass spectrometric technique for the determination of one of the group of highly toxic, carcinogenic N-nitrosamines (N-nitrosodimethylamine, N-nitrosomethylethylamine, N-nitrosodiethylamine, N-nitrosopyrrolidineamin, N-nitrosomorpholinamine, N-nitrosodipropylamine, N- nitrosopiperidinamine N-nitrosoperidineamine and N-nitrosodiphenylamine in homogenized canned meat and meat products (canned meat) is supposed. The algorithm included experimental development of chromium parameters of chromatography-mass spectrometric determination of an analyte, the selection of optimum conditions of sample preparation of samples of canned meat to minimize the influence of the matrix: the transesterification reaction of fatty acids, organic solvent extraction, solid phase extraction, study of extraction completeness by means of the method “introduced - found”, establishment of metrological characteristics of the process of the measurement. The high sensitivity and selectivity of the chromatography-mass spectrometric determination of N-nitrosodiphenylamine in canned meat samples with a lower limit of 0.0002 mg/kg and a maximum error of not more than 23% was achieved owing to the use of a set of methodical techniques - the selection of optimal chromatographic analysis conditions: capillary column series HP-FFAP 50m • 0,320 mm • 0,50 μm, temperature programming of the column: initial temperature of 50ºС, the temperature rise up to 120ºС at a speed of 8ºC/min; from 120º to 185° C at a rate of 12° C min and from 185º to 240° C at a rate of 25°C/min with exposition at a final temperature of 5 minutes; mode of operation of the mass spectrometric detector: selective ion monitoring (SIM) for three characteristic ions of the analyzed compound of 167, 168, 169 m/z. Using the reaction of transesterification of fatty acids contained in canned meat, potassium methylate, removal of the formed esters from samples of canned meat with an organic solvent (hexane), concentration of N-nitrosodiphenylamine in the aqueous layer on cartridges of an automatic solid-phase extraction system provides the extraction of N-nitrosodiphenylamine from the test samples by 99.94%. In the process of approbation of the chromatography-mass spectrometric method, the content of N-nitrosodiphenylamine in the concentration range 0.030 ± 0.011 ÷ 3.89 ± 0.83 mg/kg was found in samples of homogenized canned food meat and meat products (canned meat) from various manufacturers. The highest concentration of N-nitrosodiphenylamine C = 3.89 ± 0.83 mg/kg was found in the sample of canned meat «beef + chicken».
SANITARY-EPIDEMIOLOGICAL AUDIT AS A TOOL TO IMPROVE MANAGEMENT EFFECTIVENESS IN THE SPHERE OF SANITARY AND EPIDEMIOLOGICAL WELFARE OF THE POPULATION
Authors: May Irina V. , Sedusova E. V.
Published: March 2019

The article considers the legal and organizational aspects of the establishment of a national system of sanitary and epidemiological audit in the Russian Federation. There is described the experience of the functioning of sanitary audit in the republics of Belarus and Kazakhstan, examples of using audit in other spheres of supervision are given. It is shown that in the context of the administrative reform of the control and surveillance activities, the sanitary and epidemiological audit can partially replace the state planned control of low and moderate risks to human health, releasing the resources of the state authorities for overseeing high-risk objects. The creation of the system requires the normative consolidation of the registration procedure and the functioning of organizations with the right to implement activities in the field of sanitary and epidemiological audit, the development of rules for external control of audit services. It seems that the quality assurance in this area should be ensured by the Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-being in the Russian Federation, under whose auspices the national system can function. An important stage in the creation of a new tool for managing sanitary and epidemiological well-being is the development of a database structure and appropriate software to maintain auditor registers and audit reports. A separate task is to provide methodological and organizational support for the training of qualified personnel.
SOME METHODOLOGICAL PROBLEMS OF THE OPTIMIZATION OF MICROECOLOGICAL RISK FACTORS TO HEALTH
Authors: Shandala Mikhail G.
Published: March 2019

In order to prevent the phenomena of “microbiological genocide”, unjustified and unfavorable violations in microecological systems, and, first of all, human microbiota during the implementation of the disinfection prevention of diseases, the necessity for the scientific justification and practical provision of sufficient antimicrobial selectivity of disinfecting effects, is substantiated in the article. It is necessary to decode and take into account the susceptibility of different microbe pathogens to various disinfectants in comparison with saprophyte, and even more so, useful microflora.
THE RADIOLOGICAL STATE OF THE SOIL COVER AS THE MOST IMPORTANT CRITERIA FOR THE ESTIMATION OF THE ENVIRONMENT POLLUTION
Authors: Fink A. D. , Shayakhmetov Marat R. , Krasnitskiy V. M. , Shmidt A. G. , Makenova S. K. , Abakumov E. V. , Suleimanov R. R. , Adelmurzina I. F.
Published: March 2019

One of the most important problems of agriculture under conditions of the soil contamination with radioactive elements is the maximum possible decrease in the supply of these substances to crop production and prevention of their accumulation in the organisms of farm animals. In connection with this, now we have a problem of introducing new technologies and techniques not only in the agrochemical survey of lands but also in the agro-industrial complex as a whole. This article presents experimental data on the concentration of radionuclides 137Cs, 90Sr, 232Th, 226Ra, and 40K in the soils of agricultural enterprise «Druzhba» in the Gorky District of the Omsk Region. The survey was conducted in 2016 on the basis of the Center for Agrochemical Service «Omskiy». The content of 137Cs and 90Sr was shown not to exceed background indices, whereas the use of potassium fertilizers and the composition of soil-forming rocks gives rise in the increase in the content of such radionuclides as 40K, 232Th and 226Ra.
RESEARCH OF THE BIOMARKER OF THE EXPOSURE TO ORGANOCHLORINE COMPOUNDS IN EMPLOYEES OF THE VINYL CHLORIDE AND POLYVINYL CHLORIDE MANUFACTURE
Authors: Zhurba Olga M. , Shayakhmetov S. F. , Alekseyenko A. N. , Merinov A. V. , Dorogova V. B.
Published: March 2019

This article presents results of the quantitative assessment of the blood content of organochlorine compounds (vinyl chloride, 1,2-dichloroethane) and its metabolite thiodiacetic acid (TDAA) in the urine of workers of the production of vinyl chloride (VC) and polyvinyl chloride(PVC). The studies were executed in two phases: in the first phase, 65 persons were surveyed at the time of the periodic medical examination, at the second phase - 10 workers of basic professions (apparatchiks of gas separation and polymerization and cleaners) werу observed in the dynamics of 12-hour shifts. The sample consisted of persons, who regularly passed bioassay test before the work shift, and after the shift and the next day before the shift. The purpose of the study was the evaluation of the content of chlorinated hydrocarbons in the organism of workers of VC and PVC productions. The studies were conducted using the methods developed in our laboratory with using a gas chromatograph Agilent 7890A with a flame ionization detector, docked with the Headspace Sampler Agilent 7694E and gas chromatograph Agilent 7890A with a Mass Selective Detector Agilent 5975C. Statistically significant differences in TDAA urine content were found between workers and cases from the control group. There was detected its dependence on the levels of as well exposure to toxic substances, the production, and occupation, as the duration of the post-exposure period. The average value of the urine content of TDAA in workers of the workshop of VC production authentically was shown to be 2.57 times higher than in workers of the workshop of the PVC production. The average urine concentration of TDAA in workers of both workshops were 5.0 and 19.9 times higher than in cases from the control group (0.27±0.02 mg/dm3). Th urine TDAA content in panmen was authentically 2 times higher than in workers from the group of the subsidiary occupations. It should be noted that the largest percentage of urine samples with exceeding TDAA levels in the control group - 84.8% was observed in panmen, in the group of auxiliary occupation the percentage of these samples amounted to 75.0%. Increased levels of the urinary TDAA excretion was observed during the work after 12 hours after the end of the shift, before starting the next shift period and during a medical examination 24 hours after the cessation of the exposure to toxicants, which may be the optimal time urine collection during biomonitoring studies.
SOFTWARE COMPLEX FOR THE MONITORING OCCUPATIONAL RISK TO THE HEALTH OF WORKERS
Authors: Ibraev Serik A. , Zharylkassyn Z. Z. , Otarov E. Z. , Koigelginova S. S. , Pankin Y. N. , Teryokhin S. P. , Kalishev M. G. , Zhumabekova G. S. , Alekseev A. V. , Izdenov A. K. , Kaktayev O. O.
Published: March 2019

The development of the software complex as an information system of the monitoring and risk evaluation in an industrial plant was carried out as one of the innovative directions of the formation of scientific bases of the preventive environment which possess of capabilities to adapt to a particular enterprise and working conditions. The system includes both traditional methods of statistical analysis and methodologies for the adoption of management solutions for a professional risk, as well as innovative approaches as methods of logical-probabilistic analysis, with the adaptive mechanisms of the clarifying crucial rules based on the permanently updated database. This system is presented in a structured form as Software complex «Occupational risk-monitoring of the health of workers».
EPIDEMIOLOGICAL, TOXICOLOGICAL AND MOLEСULAR-GENETIC ASPECTS OF ENDOCRINE DISRUPTING CHEMICALS IN THE CHEMICAL SAFETY PROBLEM
Authors: Sinitsyna Oksana O. , Rakhmanin Yu. A. , Zholdakova Z. I. , Aksenova M. G. , Kirillov A. V. , Burd S. G. , Ilyukova I. I.
Published: March 2019

The literature review has shown the problem of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDC) to be associated with their wide distribution in the environment, the abundance, and variety of the chemical structure. Three leading mechanisms of EDCs action are identified as follows: imitation of the naturally occurring hormones action, blocking of receptors within the target cells of hormones, the impact of their kinetics in the body. Epidemiological studies indicate an increase in diseases caused by a disorder of the hormonal system. They are associated with the effect of EDCs. Substances that are completely dissimilar in chemical structure can cause the same effects. According to WHO [6], it is impossible, based on the chemical structure, to determine whether a substance is a disruptor of the endocrine system. However, some structural features determine the estrogenic, thyreogenic and glucocorticoid activity of chemicals. Hence, the need to differentiate the specific (primary) effect of a chemical substance on the endocrine system and the indirect (secondary) effect on it via other mechanisms comes to the fore. In own research, specific mechanisms were shown to be determined in the experiment when studying the complexity of effects, taking into account the processes of adaptation and decompensation, and identifying the effects manifested with the lowest doses. One of the methodological approaches can be the developed “structure-biotransformation-activity” prediction system aimed at revealing the primary types of effects: using quantum-chemical calculations and the plausible reasoning class (called the JSM-reasoning in honour of John Stuart Mill) logico-combinatorial method, it was possible to identify structural fragments of substances responsible for the manifestation of carcinogenic, allergenic effects, methemoglobin formation, etc. The results of clinical studies show the use of pharmacological drugs as models for in vivo study of the effects of EDC to allow not only studying atypical mechanisms of the impact of EDCs from the point of view of molecular genetics but also to predict the individual susceptibility to them taking into account polymorphism of candidate genes. The EDCs problem poses the need for a complex of interdisciplinary research, including three main relationships: exposure assessment-biomonitoring data-the prevalence of endocrine-dependent diseases, taking into account the qualitative and quantitative contribution of individual endocrine disrupters to the development of an ecologically dependent endocrine pathology using molecular genetic methods.
SPECIES COMPOSITION OF CANDIDA SPP. ISOLATED FROM DIFFERENT SOURCES AND THEIR SENSITIVITY TO ANTIFUNGAL PREPARATIONS
Authors: Frolova Yana N. , Morozova M. A. , Didenko I. V.
Published: March 2019

About 100,000 species of microscopic fungi were currently identified. Data on diseases caused by conditionally pathogenic fungi is particularly noteworthy. Both specific composition of Candida spp. found at fish-rearing farms of Rostov and Krasnodar regions and their susceptibility to antibiotics preparations have been studied. Strain susceptibility to drugs was determined by the disc-diffusion method. Significant variations are observed in the Candida resistance to four antibiotic preparations. Some sturgeon fingerlings and breeders have been found to be infected with candida. The drugs from the group of polyenes showed the greatest activity against the studied crops Candide. Despite the susceptibility of C. glabrata, C. guillermondii, C. tropicalis C. albicans to nystatin, the application of reabsorbing antifungals (in vivo) candidiasis of the intestine fails to be efficient. The data obtained show antibiogram to be expedient when assigning an adequate treatment of candidosis.
PARASITIC ZOONOSES AS A GLOBAL AND LOCAL PROBLEM OF SANITATION AND HYGIENE OVER THE WORLD AND IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Authors: Bittirov Anatoly M.
Published: March 2019

This article is devoted to the analysis of parasitic zoonoses as a global and local problem of sanitation and hygiene over the world and in the Russian Federation. Parasitic zoonoses in the world and in the Russian Federation are a complex multilevel biologically protected in terms of ecosystem, epidemiologically significant and sanitary and hygienic problem of modern medicine and veterinary medicine, which includes a number of widespread human invasions, caused by representatives of 17 species of the Protozoa class; 20 species of the Trematoda class; 12 species of the Cestoda class; 29 species of the Nematoda class; 64 species of the Acantocephalus class; 6 species of the Pentastoma class and others (total more than 500 species). To forecast in connection with climate warming, in the future it will be possible to consider the probable expansion of the area and the gain in the incidence of human and many animal species (more than 100 macro and micromammal species) with parasitic zoonoses on a global scale, where the main argument is the incomplete scale of special antiparasitic measures, poor hygienic culture of the population and the implementation of pedagogical technologies in the field of sanitary and hygienic education. As a sanitary and hygienic problem, parasitic zoonoses with complex cycles and invasion transfer mechanisms that actively circulate between various vertebrate animals and humans directly and indirectly through eggs and larvae of pathogens with the tendency of total contamination of the habitat of animals and humans are presented in frameworks of the global and local scale. Violations and non-compliance with sanitary and hygienic requirements and regulations (to the point without the countries of the world with irreproachably developed by the medical and veterinary services of the world and WHO at the UN) cause a 3-6 level biological protection of parasitic systems of bio- and geogelmintoses, protozoans of zoonotic nature (parasites of this type, Diphyllobothriidae, Opisthorchidae, Anisakidae, Trichinella, etc., Ascaris, Toxocara, Trichostrongylus, Trichocephalus, Fasciola, Dicrocoelium, Echinococcus, Dracunculus, Fasciolopsis, Moniliformis, Toxoplasma, Entamoeba and many others), which postponed their devaluation even in the regional scale. Therefore, health education should take an important place in the politics of each state, and it must be globally comprehensive. All medical and veterinary requirements to the quality of meat, fish, and plants must be strictly observed, which reduces the risk of parasitoses of the population and animals.
HYGIENIC REGULATION OF THE USE OF INTERACTIVE EQUIPMENT IN THE CLASSROOM IN KINDERGARTEN
Authors: Stepanova Marina I. , Sazanyuk Z. I. , Aleksandrova I. E. , Polenova M. A. , Vishneva I. P. , Berezina N. O. , Shumkova T. V.
Published: March 2019

Introduction. The purpose of the study was to assess the hygienic impact of classes with using an interactive whiteboard and an interactive table on the functional state of the body of preschool children aged 6-7 years. Material and methods. The results of studies of the impact of classes using interactive equipment in kindergarten on the functional state of the body of children aged 6-7 years. The interactive whiteboard was used in all classes (two or three) during the day. Continuous duration of its use at each session did not exceed 5 minutes, in total - 15 minutes during play activities used the interactive table which lasted up to 10 min. Results. The comparative analysis of the results of the studies did not reveal any differences in the indices of fatigue and psycho-emotional state of children in the response to developmental activities with and without the use of interactive equipment. The expressed activating influence of occupations with use of the interactive equipment on the activity of the central nervous system is established. This was manifested in a significant increase in the speed of complex sensorimotor responses and a decrease in the probability of an error. Discussion. In our opinion, the approximate response to the novelty, bright and attractive form of information presentation with the interactive equipment lead to the functional mobilization of brain structures involved in the analysis of information, followed by a more pronounced concentration of attention, creates an optimal tone of the central nervous system, providing ease and speed of lockings and functioning of nerve connections underlying learning.
DETERMINATION OF THE LEVEL OF FOOD CONTAMINATION WITH ASPERGILLUS FLAVUS AND AFLATOXIN B1 IN THE TERRITORY OF THE ADYGEYA REPUBLIC
Authors: Tsikunib Aminet D. , Grin I. A.
Published: March 2019

Investigations were executed to determine the level of the food contamination with mold fungi, to identify A.flavus and to assess the concentration of aflatoxin B1. Culturing is performed on Capek culture medium, A.flavus is identified according to L.I. Kursanov, the qualitative estimation of aflatoxin B1 in liquid culture and food products was carried out with the use of thin-layer chromatography method on “Silufol” UV-254 plates, and quantification was made by high-performance liquid chromatography (Agilent Technologies 1200 series). Out of 17 investigated samples, 23.5% were established to be mold fungi-contaminated, of which 11.3% were contaminated with A. flavus. In one sample, isolated from A. flavus toxigenic strain, aflatoxin B1 was detected in the concentration of 0.0072 ± 0.00028 mg/kg.
OMPREHENSIVE ECOLOGICAL-HYGIENIC EVALUATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL OBJECTS OF THE TERRITORY UNDER HARMFUL CLIMATIC AND ANTHROPOGENIC EXPOSURE
Authors: Khanturina Gulnara R. , Namazbaeva Z. I. , Zhumabekova G. S. , Seitkasymova G. Zh. , Fedorova I. A.
Published: March 2019

Adverse climatic and anthropogenic factors can affect the health of people living near the dried-up Aral Sea. There was modified the comprehensive assessment of inorganic chemical pollution of the environment of the village in the Zhosaly Kyzylorda region of Kazakhstan. The comprehensive assessment score included 5 categories: satisfactory, intense, critical, crisis, catastrophic. According to own research over 2014-2015 based on the mentioned assessment score, the comprehensive assessment score amounted to 41 points and showed a critical situation. In the air, there was observed the phenol content of 1.02 MAC, suspended solids - 0.5 MAC. The main part of the fine suspended solids sized of 1.5-2.5 mm, round shape, was formed in the process of condensation and evaporation of the sea and the Syr Darya River. In the dust, there was found the excess in silicon content of 2.8 MAC, iron - 1.3 MAC, zinc 1.1 MAC. As soil pollutants, there were detected sulfates - of 173.5 MAC, chlorides - 9.0 MAC, mercury - 0.56 MAC, nickel - 0.49 MAC. In drinking water, there was revealed cadmium excess of 1.3 MAC, nickel - 1.2 MAC, chlorides - 1.25 MPC, sulfates - 1.0 MAC. In the water of the Syr Darya River, there was revealed an excess in nickel - of 2.2 MAC, sulfates - 1.8 MAC, dissolved oxygen - 2.0 MAC. In the sediments of the Syr Darya river, the sulfate content accounted for 3.36 MAC and chlorides - 1.53 MAC. In the snow cover there was revealed an excess of manganese - 5.14MPC, chromium - 2.04 MAC, zinc - 1.2 MAC. In a critical situation a significant portion (30-50%) of the population may be in a state of exertion and adaptation surge, and the most susceptible part seems to be in a state of adaptation failure, characterized by an increase in incidence rate.
ABOUT CALCULATION OF THE DETERMINISTIC EFFECT OF PROTEINURIA IN EMPLOYEES OF ENRICHMENT PLANTS OF NUCLEAR INDUSTRY
Authors: Babenko S. P. , Badin Andrey V.
Published: March 2019

In this paper, we consider the impacts of gaseous uranium hexafluoride used at concentrating plants of the nuclear industry on the human body. The appearance of uranium hexafluoride in the air of the working premises is accompanied by hydrolysis and the formation of substances that can enter the human body and bring atoms of uranium and fluorine. The article describes the method of the determination of the working conditions preventing the development of occupational diseases in employees. The method is based both on the calculation of the number of toxic substances entering the human body in routine working conditions and comparison of this number with the threshold values for different deterministic effects. The proteinuria (protein content in urine) is selected as the considered deterministic effect. We used the published statistics on the threshold of the daily release from the human body toxic substances, long-entering the body in small doses and seem to be responsible for the occurrence of urologic diseases. The calculation was performed in the framework of a complex model describing the air pollution with products of hydrolysis of uranium hexafluoride entering of toxic substances in the human body, in working premises, as well as the passing of uranium and fluorine through the body. This model constructed by the authors of this article was described in previous publications. To ensure that the theoretical methods give the same results as the experimental, the results obtained by the standard method for employees of one of the enterprises of nuclear industry were compared with the data obtained using the theoretical method under the same working conditions. The considered theoretical method can complement and enrich the existing experimental methods for the identification of the onset of occupational diseases based on the sampling of different biomaterials from the employees working at enterprises.
APPROACHES FORMATION PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCE AT THE CHAIR OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH OF ASTANA MEDICAL UNIVERSITY
Authors: Musina Aiman A.
Published: March 2019

In the article, the analysis of the introduction of innovative technologies which are applied in profiling disciplines within the framework of the training experts on “medical-preventive business” is given. There are presented areas of subject-specific competencies, which are introduced and summarized in clusters. The effectiveness of pedagogical technologies promoting the educational and cognitive activity of students in the field of sanitary and hygienic monitoring is shown. For the creative use of subject knowledge and skills, there are widely used non-imitative active research methods allowing students not only realizing personally themselves in the performance of research work but also studying in detail scientific research problems in the field of hygiene. There is presented the experience of the use of applied computer technologies, allowing students developing virtually practical skills and skills of conducting hygienic monitoring on the simulators. Applied modules enable students to develop the necessary practical skills of sanitary supervision, demonstrate the search, analytical and practical stages of work, taking into account all indices and environmental factors, with following generalization and systematization of the conclusions of their own research. Training is accompanied by the active participation of students in the scientific activities of the department, with the preparation of scientific reports and theses, and work in a scientific student group. Practical skills of working with hygienic equipment are acquired by students according to algorithms and standards, specifically for each device and allow to unify their actions when measuring environmental factors and production environment. The applied pedagogical technologies in the training of future hygienists are directed more towards the development of independent thinking, have a reasoned position on how to solve the problem, work in a team and find the most rational solution to the hygienic task
ANTIOXIDANT STATUS AS THE MARKER OF THE HEALTH IN STUDENTS IN THE TIME OF THEIR INTENSIVE INTELLECTUAL ACTIVITIES
Authors: Kolenchukova Oksana A. , Dolgushina E. N. , Ryupina A. A. , Kratasyuk V. A. , Medvedeva N. N.
Published: March 2019

Currently, the implementation of innovative non-invasive methods for controlling the state of the human organism under stress conditions is highly actual. Long-time intellectual burdens lead to the chronic stress and may result in the exhaustion of antioxidant system. The aim of the research is to study the characteristics of the antioxidant status in saliva under the conditions of intensive intellectual activities. In order to carry out the experiment, we collected the cohort of 123students aged from 20 to 22 years of the second and third years of the V.F.Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University. The examined materials, namely saliva, had been taken by direct spitting into test-tubes. Saliva was collected twice: firstly background sampling had been taken during the course of regular classes when the students were supposed to be in the state of emotional balance; secondly, the test sampling had been made in the time of examination session characterized by considerable intellectual burdens. We carried out questionnaire survey for the students using Spielberger-Hanin and Nemchin-Taylor tests. With the help of these tests, we determined the situational and personal anxiety as well as the predisposition to stress development. Antioxidant status was evaluated by Н2О2-luminol-dependent chemiluminescence technique. Chemiluminescent tests were performed by tablet luminometer TriStar LB 941, (made by Berthold). We had proved the existence of the association between the antioxidant status of saliva and the state of intellectual tension. We have noted that during a session in a group with the high level of uneasiness indices have grown, in a group with the low level of uneasiness they have decreased. We can suppose that in the time of examination sessions there is an increase in the common level of anxiety under the lowering of antioxidant activity. In intellectual stress, the antioxidant system performs the interception of radicals less intensively, because the speed of active forms of oxygen (AFO) neutralization is decreased. So, under the conditions of intensive intellectual activities, the degradation of antioxidant protection is observed. It is caused, supposedly, by the lowering of the activity of the enzymes of peroxidase protection. The pro-oxidant system also works less efficiently. This is confirmed by the decline of such markers of CL-fluorescence as maximum intensity, amplitude and light sum, which showed AFO number.
PECULIARITIES OF NUTRITION OF MODERN STUDENTS: PSYCHOSOCIAL ASPECT
Authors: Ilicheva Irina M. , Belous E. N.
Published: March 2019

The article “The peculiarities of students nutrition; psychosocial aspect” by I.M. Ilyicheva and E.N. Belous substantiates the actuality of the investigation of the nutrition of modern students from the point of view of the state strategic resource and upbringing tradition. Social, medical and biological and psycho-hygienic aspects are also discussed. In the introduction, there is considered the importance of the personal stability, responsibility, identity, spiritual and will development as the most important factors of healthy nutrition. The investigation is aimed to make a comparative analysis of the data concerning real nutrition of full-term student in 2009 and 2016. The investigation was performed at the base of the State Social Humanitarian University (Kolomna). In methods of the study, there were briefly described 3 stages: 1) the collection of information about the nutrition of students in 2009 at the base of the “Diary of nutrition” questionnaire, repeated data collection for the same category of subjects in 2016 and a stage of comparative analysis of the information received. The procedure for comparing the data included obtaining 1) general information describing the sample, 2) the number of meals per day, 3) the dominant food products, 4) the subjective assessment of one’s own health, 5)the usefulness and inadequacy of meals, 6) the time (part of the day) of full-fledged meal; The pattern of the comparison is the following: general score of subjects, the number of meals a day, the main products, the subjective value of health, the fullness of the menu, the time of eating. In results, there is noted, that the majority of students eats 4 times a day, about 30 percent have 3 meals a day and no one has more than 5 and less than 2 meals a day. 21 percent have a complete meal, but the rate of such students decreased to 13 percent in 2016. The number of students with a full meal increased in 2016. But they eat in the evening as a rule. The majority of students have snack twice a day in 2016.
THE ACTIVITY OF F.F. ERISMAN IN MOSCOW LOW TERRITORIAL ORGANIZATIONS (ON THE 175TH ANNIVERSARY OF HIS BIRTH)
Authors: Egorysheva Irina V.
Published: March 2019

The article is devoted to the participation of the outstanding dental hygienist F. F. Erisman in the development of the Moscow low territorial sanitary organization. Under his leadership, there was carried out a large-scale study of the impact of conditions of the work and life on the health of plant workers, served as a model for similar types of sanitary-statistical research in a number of rural provinces. F. F. Erisman actively participated in the work of the sanitary organization of the Moscow gubernia Zemstvo, the creation of the first district sanitary Bureau.
STUDY OF SPECIES DIVERSITY AND ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE OF MICROFLORA OF THE ROSTOV-ON-DON WATER BODIES
Authors: Bereznyak Elena А. , Trishina A. V. , Verkina L. M. , Poleeva M. V. , Simonova I. R. , Bareeva A. E.
Published: March 2019

In this paper, the results of an investigation of the diversity in microflora species in water bodies of Rostov-on-Don are presented. Susceptibility/resistance of isolated strains to antibacterial drugs (ABD) was studied. A portion of nonfermenting microorganisms (NFMs) constituted of 42.9 %, Enterobacteriaceae family - 28.2 %, Aeromonadaceae family - 23.7 %. In NFM group the sensitivity to all ABD was exhibited by 37.5 % of strains, 43.4 % of strains showed resistance to one antibiotic and 6.3 % were polyresistant (resistance to 3 and more antibiotics). No susceptible strains were detected among Enterobacteriaceae. The resistance to 3 or more ABD for Enterobacteriaceae accounted for 80 %, for Aeromonas - 72 %. In all groups of tested microorganisms, results of the investigation showed a high proportion of strains susceptible to ciprofloxacin, doxycycline, ceftriaxone, levomycetin, gentamicin, imipenem, meropenem, cefoperazone, cefepime. Among Enterobacteriaceae and Aeromonas strains isolates carrying the markers of resistance to ampicillin, nalidixic acid, furagin, co-trimoxazole were found frequently. The performed research of microbial communities in water bodies of Rostov-on-Don made it possible to identify dominant groups of microorganisms in the investigated objects, to reveal pathogenic and opportunistic bacteria, evaluate their antimicrobial resistance with the aim to determine a degree of their potential danger to human health
PERSPECTIVES OF THE PRIMARY PREVENTION OF COLORECTAL CANCER BASED ON THE ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPACT OF FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH THE RISK OF THIS PATHOLOGY
Authors: Vilms Elena A. , Turchaninov D. V. , Stasenko V. L. , Shirlina N. G.
Published: March 2019

The analysis of personal data (characterizing a way of life, area of residence, food ration, an available disease, symptoms) of patients with the established diagnosis of colorectal cancer (CRC) and persons of the comparison group without this diagnosis was carried out. The factors (signs) associated with the risk of the development of colorectal cancer were determined, the probability of their detection in patients and healthy, their diagnostic value (informative value) was estimated. The most informative factors associated with the risk of the development of CRC were found for residents of the Omsk region: changing the region of residence, addiction to fatty food, passing the last prophylactic medical examination more than 4 years ago, having relatives of the first line with colorectal cancer, information on the state of health (positive the result of examination of feces for latent blood, symptoms of the presence of admixture of blood in the stool, false desires for stool presence of polyps, hemorrhoids, cracks in the rectum).
ALEKSEY PETROVICH DOBROSLAVIN AND DOMESTIC PENITENTIARY HYGIENE (HISTORICAL-MEDICAL AND HISTORICAL-LEGAL ASPECTS)
Authors: Khabriev R. U. , Spasennikov Boris A. , Pertli L. F. , Kopytkin S. A.
Published: March 2019

The article presents the historical medical and historical legal aspects of the development of sanitary care in the domestic penitentiary system; the role of the outstanding Russian scientist, the founder and the first professor of the Department of Hygiene of the Medical-Surgical Academy, a doctor, and scientist, public figure, Professor - Aleksey Petrovich Dobroslavin. For ten years he headed the health care department of the Main Prison Administration of the Russian Empire. November 18, 1871, Aleksey Petrovich Dobroslavin read the first lecture on the course of hygiene for listeners of the 4th year of the Medico-Surgical Academy. That day, according to the authors, can be considered the day of the founding of the national hygiene science. In September 1879, the scientist headed the Health care Department of the Main Prison Administration of Russia. At this position, Aleksey Petrovich combined all his knowledge, obtained earlier - hygiene and public knowledge, medicine and law. He served science and law, the people and the State. In 80 years of the XIX century, A.P. Dobroslavin played a decisive role in the development of domestic penitentiary hygiene. He received a real opportunity not only to develop theoretical provisions of hygiene but also the possibility to implement them by his orders binding on the staff of the penitentiary system of the Russian Empire. The scientist observed the implementation of his scientific provisions, generalized the experience of practical application of his research in various geoclimatic and other environmental conditions. Each of his commanding decisions is a separate, completed scientific work. He introduced the penitentiary science, which he actively developed as a scientist hygienist. Theoretical heritage of A.P. Dobroslavin for many decades determined the ways of the Russian penitentiary hygienic science.
THE RATIONALE FOR THE NEED TO IMPROVE INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS FOR HAND HYGIENE IN THE SYSTEM OF PROVIDING QUALITY OF HEALTH CARE
Authors: Shestopalova Tatiana N. , Gololobova T. V.
Published: March 2019

Introduction. The article substantiates the necessity of the improvement of organizational measures on hand hygiene in the system of providing high-quality medical care. The safety of medical activities is noted to take one of the leading positions among the main criteria for assessing the quality of medical care. In this regard, the most important task of health care is to develop and improve the safety of medical care. Material and methods. The article presents up-to-date statistical data on the amount of social and economic damage associated with the insufficient safety of medical care in foreign countries and in the Russian Federation. The active development and introduction of new high-tech methods of diagnosis and treatment in medical organizations were noted to give rise the emergence of new risks, determines the need for continuous improvement of technologies, methods, and means of ensuring the safety of medical care. There was made a draw that the prevention of risks of the emergence of adverse consequences for the health and life of patients is determined by the effectiveness of technologies providing the safety of medical care. Results. There are presented results of sociological research conducted by the authors on issues of the compliance with mandatory requirements for the safety of medical care, in particular, on compliance with the requirements for hygienic treatment hands and the use of gloves by medical personnel in medical organizations of Moscow. Conclusion. There is made a conclusion on the basis of the obtained data on the need to develop and implement additional measures aimed at ensuring the safety of medical care. These measures include: - the development and implementation of standards of performance of procedures significant from the point of view of the safety in divisions of the medical facilities; - systematic training of personnel; - control for the compliance with mandatory requirements at each critically important stage; - providing materials of the required quality and in the required quantity for the provision of safe assistance; - development and implementation of measures of the administrative response in cases of violations of mandatory requirements by personnel.