bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A concept of optimization of structural and technological parameters of polymer composite rocket units considering the character of their production
Authors:   National Aerospace Universitry “Kharkiv Aviation Institute”, Kharkiv, Ukraine, Kondratiev A.V.
Published: February 2021

We present a concept of optimization of structural and technological parameters of rocket and space technology units from polymer composite materials under heterogeneous loading and a project complex for their rational selection, taking into account the current level of production. The concept includes five interconnected components: design, production technologies, operation, ecology, and safety of industrial life. The analysis of possible criteria-based optimization estimates is carried out on the example of the technological component of the problem. Decompositions of the general task of parameters’ optimization were carried out into a number of types that correspond to the main types of structures of the considered class of technology: load-bearing compartments of launch vehicles and precision structures of spacecraft. An integrated approach to the optimal design of the bearing compartments of the head block of launch vehicles of various structural and power schemes is proposed. A distinctive feature of the approach is the possibility of multifactor optimization of the parameters for units of the class under consideration while providing regulated load-bearing capacity with simultaneous power and heat loading, taking into account technological, operational, economic, and environmental restrictions that correspond to the existing level of their production. A conceptual approach to the synthesis of rational parameters of composite frames of solar panels of various structural and power circuits is proposed, based on the integrated realization of well-known principles implemented by relevant units that are integrated by computer technology into a single optimization complex. An integrated approach has been synthesized to create precision space structures from polymer composite materials, which makes it possible to obtain rational thermo-dimensionally stable composite structures. An algorithm for determining the rational structure of a composite package has been developed and implemented, which provides a compromise combination for the absolute values of the coefficient of linear thermal expansion keeping maximum precision of the product in accordance with the proposed criteria. The results obtained made it possible to provide an increase by more than 20% in the mass efficiency of the composite aggregates of rocket and space technology produced at the leading enterprises of the industry.
Prospects and main aspects of the GIS-technologies application for monitoring of biodiversity (on the example of the Chornobyl Radiation-Ecological Biosphere Reserve)
Authors:   Chornobyl Radiation-Ecological Biosphere Reserve, village Ivankiv, Kyiv Region, Ukraine, Fedonyuk T.P. , Galushchenko O.M. ,   Chornobyl Radiation-Ecological Biosphere Reserve, village Ivankiv, Kyiv Region, Ukraine, Melnichuk T.V. ,   Chornobyl Radiation-Ecological Biosphere Reserve, village Ivankiv, Kyiv Region, Ukraine, Zhukov O.V. ,   Bogdan Khmelnitsky Melitopol State Pedagogical University, Melitopol, Ukraine, Vishnevskiy D.O. ,   Chornobyl Radiation-Ecological Biosphere Reserve, village Ivankiv, Kyiv Region, Ukraine, Zymaroieva A.A. ,   Zhytomyr National Agroecological University, Zhytomyr, Ukraine, Hurelia V.V. ,   Chornobyl Radiation-Ecological Biosphere Reserve, village Ivankiv, Kyiv Region, Ukraine
Published: February 2021

We developed the conceptual model of the use of GIS technologies in the activity of natural reserve fund objects on the example of the Chornobyl Radiation-Ecological Biosphere Reserve. The GIS technologies is highly demanded due to the large area of the object, the complexity of the technogenic environment (radiation pollution), and the lack of a single database for the years preceding the creation of the Reserve. Therefore, the creation of the Reserve's geoportal is an important prerequisite for integrated dynamic monitoring of the environment and biodiversity. The functional diagram of the formation and usage of the Reserve spatial database components consists of three units. They are the unit of data filling (attribute information), the received information processing unit (filling layers), and the unit of information usage (cartographic material). At present, we have created the basis for the Chornobyl Radiation-Ecological Biosphere Reserve geoportal. The further filling of the geoportal is provided by the established process of data collection in frameworks of the main proposed thematic blocks: geological structure, topography, climate, water bodies, soils, flora, fauna, ecology, and landscapes’ diversity. The geoportal is the central platform of natural geographic and related information, which will be the key driver and the basis for management decisions in the field of environmental impact assessment, in the allocation of functional zones, zones of special control, delineation of areas of special scientific, security or other interest, planning of monitoring objects, test sites, wildlife migration corridors, etc.
Lesotho electricity demand profile from 2010 to 2030
Authors: Mpholo M. , Mothala M. , Mohasoa L. , Eager D. , Thamae R. , Molapo T. , Jardine T.
Published: February 2021

This study undertook a 2010 to 2030 electricity demand profile for Lesotho, with 2010 used as the base year. The demand forecast was modelled using the International Atomic Energy Agency Model for Analysis of Energy Demand, largely because of its proven ability to accurately forecast demand in developing economies based on socio-economic, technology and demography variables. The model correlates well with the actual data, where data exists, and predicts that by 2030 Lesotho will achieve a national electrification rate of 54.2%, with 95% for urban households and 14% for rural households, up from 19.4%, 54.1% and 1.8% respectively in the base year. Moreover, in the same period, the forecast for the most likely scenario gives the following results: the maximum demand will increase to 211 MW from 121 MW; the annual average household energy consumption will continue its decline to 1 009 kWh/household from 1 998 kWh/household; and the total consumption will increase to 1 128 284 MWh from 614 868 MWh. The overall low growth rate is attributed to the consistently declining average household consumption that is contrary to international norms. The forecast results gave a root mean square percentage error of 1.5% and mean absolute percentage error of 1.3%, which implied good correlation with the actual data and, hence, confidence in the accuracy of the results.

Highlights

Between 2030 and 2010:

Achievement of national electrification rate of 54.2% up from 19.4%.

Electrification: 95% urban, 14% rural households, from 54.1% and 1.8% respectively.

The maximum demand will increase to 211 MW from 121 MW.

Annual average household consumption will decline to 1 009 kWh/household from 1,998 kWh/household
“THE MADONNA WITH A VEIL” BY RAPHAEL SANTI. ORIGINAL. COPIES. IMITATIONS
Authors:   Ural State University of architecture and art, Pichugina Olga K. ,   Ural Federal University (Ekaterinburg, Russian Federation), Ilitchev Denis V. ,   Ural State University of architecture and art; Ural Federal University (Ekaterinburg, Russian Federation)
Published: February 2021

The article is devoted to the history of the existence and technique of the original, copies and imitations of the Madonna with the Raphael Madonna del velo, one of the most popular objects of copying in the European pictorial culture of the 16th – 17th centuries. The history of the original Raphael is closely connected with the medieval icon of Madonna del Popolo, revered as the hand-made work of the apostle Luke and the lifetime portrait of the Mother of God. The glory of the medieval original in the eyes of contemporaries was projected onto the picture of Raphael, giving it the status of an actual interpretation of the ancient shrine. This explains the special interest in its copying. During the 16th century, the original Raphael, now stored in the Conde Museum in Chantilly, France, was updated, radically changing the plot of the work. In the XVII century, imitations of Raphael's paintings were often distributed, often created by large masters. The article deals with the methods of copying, typical for artistic practice of the 16th century. As a rule, the painting, which came out of the walls of the workshops of famous artists, was the product of the collective work of the master – the owner of the workshop, apprentices and pupils. The finished composite composition created by the master was previously performed in the form of a cardboard-priporokh, the so-called spolvero, with which it was transferred to a picturesque base. The cardboards were carefully preserved, donated and handed down by inheritance. Traces of spolvero are found in the original Madonna del velo. Currently in the scientific literature there are references to more than one hundred copies of the Madonna with a veil. Some of them are considered works of the 16th century. The most famous copies are kept in the Louvre, the Center of P. Getty, the collection of D.P. Morgan and Del Drago. The Louvre copy of the painting is considered the closest to the original. In all of these works, the drawing of the part of the composition related to the initial version of the original is relatively accurately reproduced. The figure of Josef, which appeared later, is reproduced in different versions with significant variation in the position and proportions of the head and hand drawing. It can be assumed that the compositions of early copies were created either directly from Rafael’s cardboard. Or usеd copies from it. The figure of Josef may have been directly copied from the original or created from cardboard, in which the drowing was of simplified schematic nature. Two-figured copy of the painting, displaced from panel to canvas by one of the Russian school of restoration A.F. Mitrokhin in 1827, kept in the Urals in the Art Museum of Yeraterinburg.
PERIODICALS OF THE CIVIL WAR PERIOD (1917–1920) IN THE FUND OF THE RESEARCH LIBRARY OF TSU: PRESERVATION AND RESTORATION AS A FACTOR IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF SIBERIAN STUDIES
Authors:   Tomsk State University (Tomsk, Russian Federation), Konev Kirill A. , Zhuravleva Veronika R. ,   Tomsk State University (Tomsk, Russian Federation)
Published: February 2021

The Research Library of TSU has an extensive collection of periodicals – newspapers and magazines, published in the east of Russia during the revolution and the Civil War. The periodicals of the revolutionary era are a valuable source for humanities researchers due to the uniqueness of the material, which they contain. The demand for periodicals and their importance as a source actualize the problems of preservation and accessibility of these sources for researchers. The purpose of this publication is to present the experience of the Research Library of TSU, accumulated during conservation and restoration of Siberian and Far Eastern periodicals published in the first quarter of the 20th century. Besides that, it’s particularly important to assess its significance in the inclusion’s context of the source types in Siberian interdisciplinary research. The sources for the study were the periodicals of the 1917–1920s, stored in the Research Library of TSU, as well as scientific literature devoted to the problems of preservation and restoration of library funds. The working hypothesis of this paper is the statement that preservation and restoration can be one of the important stages in the research of unique library collections and during the creation of scientific electronic resources. The authors consider a number of factors affecting the preservation and organization of researchers’ work with this type of source. These factors include: material characteristics and print quality of the sources; historically changing storage conditions; nature and intensity of use; features of the restoration work and the materials used in this. Consideration of these factors led to the following conclusions. Firstly, the preservation and restoration of periodicals is not just a condition for conducting research. It’s important part of the research that gives to reconstruct the circumstances of its origin and use. Secondly, obtaining information about the existence contexts of the source can be useful when carrying out restoration measures, which can preserve its original appearance. Finally, digitization and further work with documents in electronic environment is impossible without ensuring safety. Thus, ensuring the preservation and restoration of Siberian and Far Eastern publications of the Civil War period is an important condition for the implementation of Siberian studies, including in the digital environment. It’s especially important when scientists have limited access to sources for one reason or another.
DEFINITION OF A TIMBRE OF A SINGING VOICE: FACH VOICE CLASSIFICATION
Authors:   Tomsk State University (Tomsk, Russian Federation), Fedotova Sofia
Published: February 2021

Timbre of a singing voice is a multifaceted and difficult concept considered by researchers in aspects of acoustics, physiology, specifics of opera singing and expressiveness of an opera image. Vocal methodical literature contains certain criteria for definition of type of voice. However, due to the variety of voices, timbres and physical capacities of singers, the individual approach to each voice is necessary. In addition, the voice definition problem can be complicated by defects of sound formation, which only can avoid few beginner vocalists. The main classification of voices was formed gradually, it developed by the XVII century, in process of development of opera art by vocal researchers a new subtypes in each type of a voice were allocated. In the article are shown some of the existing approaches to classification of the types of singing voices which choice was determined by a personal interest and availability of sources to the author. The separate section of the article is devoted to the classification of opera voices by the Fach system used in Europe, which is somewhat similar to classifications of masters of the Italian school and the Soviet researchers, but it is more differentiated, connects subtypes of a voice not only with characteristics of timbre, but also diverse skills of actors and texture of singers, and also contains examples of the opera parties not extended on the Russian opera scene – which represented the interest to the author.
INVESTIGATIONS ON HEAT TRANSFER CHARACTERISTICS OF POROUS TYPE COPPER HEAT SINK WITH BIFURCATIONS
Authors: THANGAVEL Prabhu , SEKAR Ajay
Published: February 2021

The lotus type porous copper heat sink has a higher heat transfer capacity as compared to micro channel heat sink for same size. Many studies on this heat sink show that its heat transfer capacity can be further improved by improving design of heat sink. This study investigates the heat transfer and flow characteristics of porous heat sink with different designs of internal bifurcations under both laminar & turbulent flow and studies the effect of such bifurcations on heat transfer of heat sink. The results of heat sink with bifurcations are compared with that of heat sink without bifurcations which show that for case of both laminar & turbulent flow, the heat sink with bifurcation showed better thermal performance as compared to heat sink without bifurcations.
EXPERIMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF COMPARATIVE R290VS. R449A REFRIGERANTS BY USING 3E (ENERGY, EXERGY AND ENVIRONMENT) ANALYSIS: A SUPERMARKET APPLICATION
Authors: ARSLAN Erhan , KOSAN Meltem , AKTAS Mustafa , ERTEN Suleyman
Published: February 2021

Efficiency is becoming an increasingly important issue in cooling systems. It is important to use micro channel heat exchangers in order to increase the cooling system efficiency. In this study, performance analysis of refrigerants used in supermarkets was tested experimentally. Thermodynamic analyses of the refrigerants were examined. The compatibility of R290 and R449A refrigerants with the environment has been experimentally observed. Energy, exergy, and environmental analyses were performed using R290 and R449a refrigerants based on the test results for 24 hours using double inlet and double outlet evaporator. Accordingly, in the experiments using R290, the exergy efficiency and COP value are 43.52 % and 2.09, respectively. In experiments using R449A, these values were found to be 22.28 % and 1.59. Exergy efficiency was increased by 48.81 % in experiments using propane. In addition, an increase of 24.12% was observed in the Coefficient of Performance (COP) value. Considering the environmental analysis results, the amount of CO2 emitted by the R290 refrigerant to the atmosphere during the test period was 3.14 kg/h and R449A was calculated as 3.97 kg/h. It was seen in this study that the R290 refrigerant emits 26.22 % less CO2 to the atmosphere.
Protective effects of riboflavin-UVA-mediated posterior sclera collagen cross-linking in a guinea pig model of form-deprived myopia
Authors:   Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin 300384, China, Han Ding , Zhu Ying ,   Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin 300384, China, Zhang Yan ,   Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin 300384, China, Wei Rui-Hua ,   Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin 300384, China
Published: February 2021

AIM: To evaluate the effect of posterior sclera collagen cross-linking induced by riboflavin-ultraviolet A (UVA) on form-deprived myopia in guinea pigs.

RESULTS: After 4wk, the interocular difference of refractive error were -0.11±0.67, -2.93±0.56, 1.10±0.58, and -1.63±0.41 D in the NOR, FDM, NOR+CL, and FDM+CL groups respectively. Mixed-effect linear model revealed significant effect of FDM (P<0.01) and CL (P<0.001). Also, after 4wk, the interocular difference of axial length were 0.01±0.04, 0.29±0.07, -0.13±0.06, and 0.11±0.05 mm in the NOR, FDM, NOR+CL, and FDM+CL group. Mixed-effect linear model revealed significant effect of FDM (P<0.001) and CL (P<0.01). As for corneal curvature, significant interocular difference have not found between any of the two groups. At the end of this experiment, the ultimate stress and elastic modulus were found significantly increased in both CL groups. But no difference was found in the groups without cross-linked. There was no abnormality observed in the retina and RPE cells of the treated eyes.
CONCLUSION: The posterior sclera collagen cross-linking induced by riboflavin-UVA can slow down the progress of myopia and increase the sclera biomechanical strength in the guinea pig model of form-deprived myopia.
Visual performance of four types of diffractive multifocal intraocular lenses and a review of articles
Authors:   Negah Aref Ophthalmic Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran 1544914599, Iran; Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran 1544914599, Iran, Doroodgar Farideh , Sanginabadi Azad ,   Department of Optometry Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran 1544914599, Iran, Karimian Farid ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Chamran Highway, Tehran 1544914599, Iran, Niazi Sana ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Chamran Highway, Tehran 1544914599, Iran, Alinia Cyrus ,   Department of Public Health, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, West Azerbaijan 1544914599, Iran, Javadi Mohammad Ali ,   Negah Aref Ophthalmic Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran 1544914599, Iran; Department of Ophthalmology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Chamran Highway, Tehran 1544914599, Iran
Published: February 2021

AIM: To compare the clinical outcomes of a variety of multifocal intraocular lenses (MIOLs) in patients diagnosed with presbyopia or cataracts.
METHODS: This clinical trial study included 141 patients (282 eyes) with different MIOLs implantation. The Symfony (60 eyes), the ReSTOR (100 eyes), the AT LISAtri (60 eyes), and the PanOptix (62 eyes) intraocular lenses were evaluated in this prospective interventional study. The near, intermediate, and distant visual acuities, contrast sensitivity, and defocus curve were measured as valid criteria. To statistically analyze the results, we used the Statistical Package for Social Science software, the non-parametric Wilcoxon signed-rank t, the one-way analysis of variance and the Tukey's post-hoc test in our analysis. Moreover, we conducted a detailed literature search on the PubMed database in English about MIOLs, in total 59 studies were included in this review article.
RESULTS: The four approaches did not show any significant difference in the best-corrected distance visual acuity (P>0.05). The defocus curves at the contrast of 100% showed that trifocal IOLs had better intermediate performance than the bifocal IOL (P<0.05). There were no statistically significant differences between AT LISAtri and PanOptix lenses for visual acuity at all distances. The eyes with PanOptix, Symfony, and AT LISAtri IOL showed better contrast sensitivity than those ReSTOR at spatial frequencies of 1, 3, and 6 cpd in photopic and mesopic conditions (P<0.001).
CONCLUSION: All four groups of the multifocal lenses were satisfying in terms of distance and near vision. Also, the group of trifocal lenses led to satisfactory outcomes in intermediate vision, without degradation in quality of vision.
Dynamic versus static ultra-widefield fluorescein angiography in eyes with diabetic retinopathy: a pilot prospective cross-sectional study
Authors:   Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China, Shen Hang-Qi , Niu Tian ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China, Chen Ji-Li ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Shibei Hospital of Jing’an District, Shanghai 200435, China, Xu Xun ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
Published: February 2021

AIM: To analyze differences in ultra-widefield fluorescein angiography (UWFA) findings between dynamic and static images of eyes with diabetic retinopathy (DR).
METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 28 eyes of 28 patients with DR undergoing UWFA. A series of UWFA images acquired from each patient were converted into a time-lapse video and used as a dynamic image. A single, clear, arteriovenous phase image was chosen as a static image. Non-perfusion index (NPI) and its correlation with vascular abnormalities in different zones were compared between dynamic and static UWFA imaging.
RESULTS: NPI appeared to increase from the center to the far-periphery in both groups. Dynamic NPI was lower in the total retinal area (0.26 vs 0.29, P=0.009) and far-periphery (0.33 vs 0.36, adjusted P=0.042), which was contrary to the static NPI. Far-peripheral NPI was associated with intraretinal microvascular abnormality in the posterior area in both groups.
CONCLUSION: Time-lapse dynamic UWFA imaging is a useful modality to differentially diagnose hypofluorescence in the most peripheral region. This modality could provide a reliable method for NPI measurement.
Real-world outcomes of two-year Conbercept therapy for diabetic macular edema
Authors:   Department of Ophthalmology, People’s Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100044, China; Eye Diseases and Optometry Institute, College of Optometry, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100044, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, Beijing 100044, China, Cheng Yong , Zhao Ming-Wei ,   Department of Ophthalmology, People’s Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100044, China; Eye Diseases and Optometry Institute, College of Optometry, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100044, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, Beijing 100044, China, Qian Tong ,   Department of Ophthalmology, People’s Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100044, China; Eye Diseases and Optometry Institute, College of Optometry, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100044, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, Beijing 100044, China
Published: February 2021

AIM: To evaluate the two-year outcomes of patients treated for diabetic macular edema (DME) with intravitreal Conbercept (IVC).
METHODS: The clinical data of 30 DME patients (36 eyes) were retrospectively reviewed. The patients were treated with IVC for 3mo. Additional IVC was given at subsequent monthly visits, if needed (3+PRN). The patients were followed up for 24mo.
RESULTS: The best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) at 24mo significantly increased (66.7±15.3 letters) in comparison with the baseline (54.4±15.4 letters, P<0.0001). The mean improvement in BCVA was 11.0±2.9 letters. At 24mo, 44.1% of the eyes surveyed gained ≥15 letters, 52.9% of the eyes gained ≥10 letters, and 70.6% of the eyes gained ≥5 letters. No vision loss was noted in 96.8% of the eyes, and 5.9% of the eyes lost ≥5 letters, but ≤10 letters. The central retinal thickness (CRT) at 24mo was significantly reduced (277.1±122.9 μm) in comparison with the baseline (510.9±186.1 μm, P<0.0001). At 24mo, 43.3% of the patients had a CRT ≤250 μm. The mean number of injections over 24mo was 10.6±2.0. No severe eye or systemic adverse events related to either the drug or injection were noted.
CONCLUSION: IVC is safe and effective for the treatment of DME.
Early visual function outcomes of topography-guided FS-LASIK and SMILE in treatment of myopia and myopic astigmatism
Authors:   Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China, Yang Lin-Juan , Mi Sheng-Jian ,   Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China, Sun Le ,   Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China, Chen Meng-Xin ,   Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
Published: February 2021

AIM: To compare the quality outcomes of vision at early phase after topography-guided femtosecond laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (FS-LASIK-CV) and small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) in treatment of myopia and myopic astigmatism.
METHODS: Retrospective comparative analysis of 49 patients that underwent FS-LASIK (n=23) or SMILE (n=26) procedure for myopia and myopic astigmatism between April and September in 2019. Pre- and postoperative uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), spherical equivalent refraction (SEQ), cylindrical refraction, contrast sensitivity function (CSF), and corneal higher-order aberrations (HOAs) were evaluated. Independent t-test was used for inter-group comparison, while repeated measures ANOVA was used to analyze changes at different time points.
RESULTS: In both groups, 100% of the eyes obtained a UCVA of 20/20 or better at 1wk, 1, and 3mo postoperatively. At 1d and 3mo postoperatively, UCVA was better in FS-LASIK-CV group than in SMILE group. At 1wk postoperatively, SEQ was lower in SMILE group than in FS-LASIK-CV group (P=0.006). At 3mo postoperatively, the SEQ reached target refraction in both groups. The residual astigmatism was reduced in both groups without intergroup difference (P>0.05). At 3mo postoperatively, the spherical aberration and coma under 6 mm pupil size were higher than preoperative levels in both groups (P<0.05). However, the increase in the corneal HOAs in the FS-LASIK-CV group was less than the SMILE group (P<0.05). At 3mo postoperatively, the logCS were better than preoperative levels under scotopic conditions without glare and scotopic conditions with glare in both groups (P<0.05). At 1 and 3mo postoperatively, under scotopic conditions without glare and scotopic conditions with glare, FS-LASIK-CV group showed more improvement in logCS at two spatial frequencies (12.0 c/d and 18.0 c/d; P<0.05).
CONCLUSION: Both FS-LASIK-CV and SMILE demonstrate to be safe, effective, and predictable in treatment of myopia and myopic astigmatism. Early postoperative improvement in UCVA and CSF at high spatial frequency under scotopic conditions were better after FS-LASIK-CV than SMILE.
Auricular cartilage versus donor sclera as a wrapping of hydroxyapatite orbital implants
Authors:   Department of Orbit & Oculoplastic Surgery, Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang Province, China, Ma Ying-Jie , Chen Ben ,   Department of Orbit & Oculoplastic Surgery, Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang Province, China, Lin Yan-Yan ,   Department of Orbit & Oculoplastic Surgery, Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang Province, China, Liu Jia ,   Department of Orbit & Oculoplastic Surgery, Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang Province, China, Chen Xi ,   Department of Orbit & Oculoplastic Surgery, Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
Published: February 2021

AIM: To retrospectively compare postoperative outcomes after primary enucleation and placement of a hydroxyapatite (HA) implant without wrapping, wrapped with auricular cartilage or donor sclera.
METHODS: Medical records of patients presented as intraocular tumor or severe ocular injury were identified from the electronic medical record system. Cases underwent enucleation and HA orbital implantation were enrolled in this study and were divided into 3 groups according to the wrapping material of HA implant. Cases with autogenous cartilage caps were enrolled in group A (n=11), with donor sclera caps in group B (n=12), and without any wrapping material in group C (n=9). Follow-ups were set at 1, 2wk, 1, 3, 6, and 12mo after surgery.
RESULTS: Altogether 32 cases finished the follow-up and were enrolled in this study. Three cases (27.27%) in group A, 4 cases (33.33%) in group B, and 4 cases (44.44%) in group C developed one complication each after surgery. In group A, no HA exposure occurred, but conjunctival inclusion cyst occurred in one and severe conjunctive chemosis in two cases. In group B, one HA exposure occurred, conjunctive inclusion cysts occurred in one, severe conjunctive chemosis occurred in one, and conjunctival granuloma occurred in one case. In group C, one HA exposure occurred, severe conjunctive chemosis occurred in two cases, and conjunctival granuloma occurred in one case. The case of exposure of none-wrapped implant was noted in the first 6mo after placement of the orbital implant. The case of exposure of donor sclera-wrapped implant was noted at the 12mo after placement of the orbital implant. Both exposure cases were treated successfully with conservative treatment.
CONCLUSION: With low incidence of implant exposure and mild complications, auricular cartilage can be a good choice of alternative wrapping material of orbit implant with satisfied outcome.
Analysis of the effects of cetane improver addition to diesel on engine performance and emissions
Authors: ŞİMŞEK Süleyman , USLU Samet
Published: February 2021

The high cetane number of the fuel used in diesel engines is extremely important as it provides some improvements in combustion in the cylinder. Therefore, the addition of cetane improver to diesel fuel has been highly preferred in recent years. In this study, the effects of 2-ethylhexyl nitrate (EHN) addition, a cetane improver, on compression ignition engine performance and emissions were analyzed at various engine loads. Four different fuels were used in the experiments as 100% diesel (D100), 99% diesel + 1% EHN (D99EHN1), 98% diesel + 2% EHN (D99EHN2) and 97% diesel + 3% EHN (D99EHN3). The results obtained from the experiments showed that the addition of 2-EHN positively affected the brake thermal efficiency (BTHE), hydrocarbon (HC) and carbon monoxide (CO) values, while the brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC), nitrogen oxide (NOx) and smoke emission levels were negatively affected. With high engine load, 2-EHN supplement marginally rises NOx emissions but significantly declines HC and CO emissions. EHN addition had small impacts on BSFC. Compared to D100 fuel, the highest BTHE value was obtained by D99EHN2 fuel, with an increase of 11.57% at 3000-Watt load value. With the D97EHN3 fuel, compared to diesel, HC emission decreased 60.61%, while CO emission decreased 31.25%. The results show that the 2-EHN cetane improver can be used successfully in a diesel engine.
Alkaline modified A-site deficient perovskite catalyst surface with exsolved nanoparticles and functionality in biomass valorisation
Authors: Umar Ahmed , Neagu Dragos , Irvine John T.S.
Published: February 2021

Environmental problems associated with the use of fossil fuels and increase in energy demands due to rise in population and rapid industrialisation, are the driving forces for energy. Catalytic conversion of biomass to renewable energies is among the promising approaches to materialize the above. This requires development of robust catalysts to suppress deactivation due to carbon deposition and agglomeration. In this work, surface properties and chemistry such as exsolution of B-site metal catalyst nanoparticles, particle size and distribution, as well as catalyst-support interactions were tailored through the use of alkaline dopants to enhance catalytic behaviour in valorisation of glycerol. The incorporation of alkaline metals into the lattice of an A-site deficient perovskite modified the surface basic properties and morphology with a consequent robust catalyst-support interaction. This resulted in promising catalytic behaviour of the materials where hydrogen selectivity of over 30% and CO selectivity of over 60% were observed. The catalyst ability to reduce fouling of the catalyst surface as a result of carbon deposition during operation was also profound due to the robust catalyst-support interaction occurring at the exsolved nanoparticles due to their socketing and the synergy between the dopant metals in the alloy in perovskite catalyst systems. In particular, one of the designed systems, La0.4Sr0.2Ca0.3Ni0.1Ti0.9O3±δ, displayed almost 100% resistance to carbon deposition. Therefore, lattice rearrangement using exsolution and choice of suitable dopant could be tailored to improve catalytic performance.
Trace Transform Feature Learning for Offline Jawi Handwritten Recognition
Authors: Hasan Anton Heryanto , Omar Khairuddin , Nasrudin Muhammad Faidzul
Published: February 2021

Offline Jawi handwritten recognition is very important to allow efficient archiving and retrieving the original documents and increase the availability of the content. It is challenging task and still considered an open problem because the state-of-the-art recognizer performance is considered sub-par. The tradition trace Transform features extractor has potential, however the complexity of parameters tuning in feature engineered approach combine with independent non-learnable sub-word classifier produce sub-par Jawi sub-word recognition accuracy. The proposed trace Transform feature learning address the features extraction complexity by automatically discovers the features according to data. The features extractor and classifier trained end-to-end from raw input data to target class to find the optimum parameters. The trace transform process defined as layer similar with convolution process in Convolution Neural Network. This approach improves data representation and produce better Jawi handwritten recognition performance. trace Transform feature learning are more robust to Affine Transformations compared to the state-of-the-arts Convolution Neural Networks feature learning because its data representation invariant to rotation, slanting and skewing. This proposed feature learning performance evaluated with its performance in sub-word recognition performance using Jawi dataset. In this paper only single layer of trace transform feature learning compare with traditional trace transform feature and Convolution Neural network as the state-of-the-art feature learning. The performances are significantly better compared to traditional trace transform feature and able to compete with convolution neural network in single layer, three layers and comparable with eight layers.
The Effect of Banana Pseudostem Flour and Food Bar of Edible Canna Substituted with Banana Pseudostem Flour on Lipid Profile of Hypercholesterolemia Mice
Authors: Yuliatmoko Welli , Murdiati Agnes , Pranoto Yudi , Marsono Yustinus
Published: February 2021

Cavendish Jepara 30 banana pith (EBP J30) flour and canna starch-based food bar, which was substituted with EBPJ30 Flour, were reported to contain dietary fiber and resistant starch so that it has the potential to improve the lipid profile. However, there has been no reference, research related to the effects of both on the lipid profile, and their ability to bind bile acids. The study aims to analyze the effect of EBP J30 flour diets and canna starch-based food bar, which was substituted with EBPJ30 Flour on hypercholesterolemia Sprague Dawley's lipid profile mice and its ability to bind bile acids. Thirty male mice, aged two months, divided into six groups, namely groups that were given a standard diet including normal mice, negative controls, and positive controls, hypercholesterolemia mice fed the natural EBP J30 flour, blanched EBP J30 flour, and food bar. The 4-week diet intervention and lipid profile analysis were done once a week, and lipid profile analysis was carried out regularly every week. Diet intervention on blanched EBP J30 flour and food bar reduced total cholesterol, LDL, triglycerides, and increased serum HDL cholesterol levels in mice. The results of in vitro studies suggested that the diet of blanched EBP J30 flour and food bar could increase bile acid-binding capability. Both diets can improve the lipid profile of hypercholesterolemia mice suspected due to the bile acids' binding capacity in the blood.
Test Case Prioritization Approach for Sequence of Events Using Complexity Factor
Authors: Ja’afar Emyreema , Hassan Sa’adah , Baharom Salmi , Ahmad Johanna
Published: February 2021

Test case prioritization (TCP) is a method to prioritize and schedule test cases. Some approaches have been introduced to minimize the time, cost, and effort for testing the software based on the test cases that are higher priority. Since the more complex the software program, the more intensive the test should be carried out. Thus, complexity is one of the factors that affect the effectiveness of the test case prioritization. However, the existing approaches for measuring complexity have some limitations. This is due to inaccuracy in finding the weightage value for complexity as the value is useful to determine the test case prioritization. Consequently, a complexity metric measurement is needed to determine the weightage value. Hence, this paper presents work on TCP using complexity factors to enhance the accuracy in prioritizing the test cases for event sequences. This work uses Branch Coverage Expectation (BCE) for complexity measurement, in which BCE has been proven its usefulness empirically in the previous research. The event-weightage value based on the complexity is then assigned and used to prioritize the test cases while the Average Percentage of Fault Detected (APFD) metric is used to evaluate the proposed approach. A tool has been developed to ease the process as well as to facilitate the evaluation purposes. The results show the need to combine the complexity factor with other factors to improve the proposed TCP's effectiveness.
Identification of Micro-Earthquake Hypocenters using Geiger and Coupled Velocity-Hypocenters Methods
Authors: Utama Widya , Warnana Dwa Desa , Garini Sherly Ardhya
Published: February 2021

The accuracy location of hypocenter is needed to determine the subsurface character beneath a geothermal area. The study used 73 micro-earthquake events; each micro-earthquake event was classified based on the time difference between the P and S waves (ts-tp) that had values â‰¤ 3seconds, the magnitude of micro-earthquake â‰¤ 3SR and each micro-earthquake event was recorded at least by 3 observer stations. We inverted selected P and S travel times from 11-unit seismic stations on X geothermal area. The initial hypocenter location was determined using Geiger method. The result of the Geiger method's initial hypocenter location was then used as the input to determine the accurate hypocenter location in the following method, Coupled Velocity-Hypocenters method. Other parameters were also used on this second method, including hypocenter location, 1-D velocity model, origin time, vp/vs ratio, zshift and the station correction. The distribution of hypocenter locations of micro-earthquakes obtained using the second method was better than the results from Geiger method. This result is supported by the Coupled Velocity-Hypocenters average RMS error value, which was smaller, only 0.19 seconds, compared to the Geiger method, which had an average RMS error of 0.74 seconds. The hypocenter location of the relocation was more clustered in the reservoir area, precisely in the production well, and in the heat source area. The hypocenter location in the production well area indicates fluid flow through the fracture from the permeable zone.
Genetic-based Pruning Technique for Ant-Miner Classification Algorithm
Authors: Al-Behadili Hayder Naser Khraibet , Ku-Mahamud Ku Ruhana , Sagban Rafid
Published: February 2021

Ant colony optimization (ACO) is a well-known algorithm from swarm intelligence that plays an essential role in obtaining rich solutions to complex problems with wide search space. ACO is successfully applied to different application problems involving rules-based classification through an ant-miner classifier. However, in the ant-miner classifier, rule-pruning suffers from the problem of nesting effect origins from the method of greedy Sequential Backward Selection (SBS) in term selection, thereby depriving the opportunity of obtaining a good pruned rule by adding/removing the terms during the pruning process. This paper presents an extension to the Ant-Miner, namely the genetic algorithm Ant-Miner (GA-Ant Miner), which incorporates the use of GA as a key aspect in the design and implementation of a new rule pruning technique. This pruning technique consists of three fundamental procedures: an initial population Ant-Miner, crossover to prune the rule, and mutation to diversify the pruned classification rule. The GA-Ant Miner performance is tested and compared with the most related ant-mining classifiers, including the original Ant-Miner, ACO/ PSO2, TACO-Miner, CAnt-Miner, and Ant-Miner with a hybrid pruner, across various public available UCI datasets. These datasets are varied in terms of instance number, feature size, class number, and the application domains. Overall, the performance results indicate that the GA-Ant Miner classifier outperforms the other five classifiers in the classification accuracy and model size. Furthermore, the experimental results using statistical test prove that GA-Ant Miner is the best classifier when considering the multi objectives (i.e., accuracy and model size ranks).
Sensory Quality Profile of Ranah Minang Arabica Coffee Specialty
Authors: Fadri Rince Alfia , Sayuti Kesuma , Nazir Novizar , Suliansyah Irfan
Published: February 2021

Research has been conducted to determine the Minang domain arabica coffee sensory quality profile, which can be used as a reference for specialty coffee. Seed processing is carried out at the research location (Solok Regency, South Solok Regency, Pasaman, Agam, and Fifty Cities) until the grain stage is wet (washed). Fianda Coffee Roastery carries out the coffee roasting process. Coffee uses W600i Roaster with a long roast method with two treatments, namely temperature 1800C for 15 minutes, temperature B 2000C for 10 minutes. The taste test was conducted at a two-door cafe and the Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute Laboratory, Jember, East Java, following the SCAA. The test results showed that dry coffee beans' moisture content for all treatments was <12%. Testing of brewing quality characteristic shows that five local coffee origins (SC 1, SC 2, SC 3, SC 4, and SC 5) could meet the specialization qualifications under the SCAA Flavor Test Protocol (final score of at least 80) so that they meet the specifications for quality requirements as typical coffee from the Minang realm. The five Arabica coffee samples' taste quality is almost the same, but each has a unique aroma profile. The SC 1 and SC 2 coffee samples had a distinctive lemon (lemon) aroma, while SC 3 and SC 4 each had a honey-like aroma (honeyed), Herb aroma produced by SC 5, and SC1. Only SC 3 brewing produces a chocolaty aroma.
Compost and Biochar Characteristics Test of Some Animal Manure Waste
Authors: Sudita I Dewa Nyoman , Situmeang Yohanes Parlindungan , Suarta Made
Published: February 2021

This study aims to determine the quality of compost and biochar from some animal manure in improving soil properties and fruit yields of chili plants. This research was conducted in a greenhouse, with nesting experiments using a random block design. The treatment composition consisted of 6 types of fertilizer (cow compost, goat compost, chicken compost, cow biochar, goat biochar, chicken biochar), and three levels of fertilizer doses (5, 10, and 15 tons ha-1) and one treatment control. The results showed differences in fertilizer types differed significantly for N-total soil and weight of red chili and were significantly different from P-available in the soil. While the difference in compost fertilizer dose has a significant effect on P-available and K-available soil, cow dung compost has the lowest effect on soil properties. The number and weight of fresh red chili per plant, while compost goat manure tends to be highest. Biochar from chicken droppings and doses significantly influenced the total N, the highest available P and the lowest C/N, and the amount and weight of fresh red chili. From this study, it can be concluded that the type of raw material for livestock manure for compost and biochar affects soil properties and red chili production, where compost and biochar from goats and chicken manure are better than cow dung. This research's implication is the type of animal feed ingredients affecting the face of livestock and determining the quality of compost and biochar.