bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Combinations of scleroderma hallmark autoantibodies associate with distinct clinical phenotypes
Authors: Clark Kristina E. N. , Campochiaro Corrado , Host Lauren V. , Sari Alper , Harvey Jennifer , Denton Christopher P. , Ong Voon H.
Published: July 2022

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is characterized by the presence of SSc-specific or SSc-associated antibodies (SSc-Abs): anti-topoisomerase I (ATA), anti-centromere (ACA), anti-RNA polymerase III (ARA), anti-U3RNP (U3RNP), anti-U1RNP (U1RNP), anti-PmScl (PmScl), anti-Ku (Ku) and anti-Th/To (Th/To), each being associated with specific clinical features and prognosis. The detection of more than one SSc-Abs in SSc patients is rare and only few data about these patients’ clinical phenotype is available. The aim of our study was to evaluate the frequency and the disease’s features associated with the presence of > 1 SSc-Abs positivity in a large cohort of SSc patients. The autoantibody profiles of 2799 SSc patients from February 2001 to June 2017 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients with > 1 SSc-Abs were identified. Clinical features were collected and compared to a large historical cohort of SSc patients with single SSc-Ab positivity. SSc patients were excluded if previously treated with rituximab, intravenous immunoglobulins or stem cell transplantation. Non-parametric tests were used for statistical analysis. Nearly 5% of SSc patients from our cohort had ≥ 2 autoantibody positivity, and 2.3% (n = 72) had ≥ 2 SSc-Abs positivity. Th
e most common combination was U1RNP and ATA (35%). These patients were younger than patients with single autoantibody positivity and showed more commonly a diffuse cutaneous SSc form. They also had higher rates of overlap features compared to ATA patients. Other combinations included U1RNP and ACA (13%), ATA and ACA (7%) and U1RNP and PmScl (5%). In our study we observed that, while infrequently, SSc patients can present with a combination of two SSc-Abs and that the double positivity can influence their clinical phenotype compared to patients with single SSc-Ab positivity. The importance of re-testing SSc-Abs in patients with changing clinical phenotypes was also highlighted, as this may confer a differing risk stratification.
Multi-scale electronics transport properties in non-ideal CVD graphene sheet
Authors: Bishnoi Bhupesh , Buerkle Marius , Nakamura Hisao
Published: July 2022

In this work, we benchmark non-idealities and variations in the two-dimensional graphene sheet. We have simulated more than two hundred graphene-based devices structure. We have simulated distorted graphene sheets and have included random, inhomogeneous, asymmetric out-of-plane surface corrugation and in-plane deformation corrugation in the sheet through autocorrelation function in the non-equilibrium Green’s function (NEGF) framework to introduce random distortion in flat graphene. These corrugation effects inevitably appear in the graphene sheet due to background substrate roughness or the passivation encapsulation material morphology in the transfer step. We have examined the variation in density of state, propagating density of transmission modes, electronic band structure, electronic density, and hole density in those device structures. We have observed that the surface corrugation increases the electronic and hole density distribution variation across the device and creates electron-hole charge puddles in the sheet. This redistribution of microscopic charge in the sheet is due to the lattice fields’ quantum fluctuation and symmetry breaking. Furthermore, to understand the impact of scattered charge distribution on the sheet, we simulated various impurity effects within the NEGF framework. The study’s objective is to numerically simulate and benchmark numerous device design morphology with different background materials compositions to elucidate the electrical property of the sheet device.
Eco-friendly approach to improve traits of winter wheat by combining cold plasma treatments and carbonization of subtropical biomass waste
Authors: Saberi Mahin , Ghomi Hamid , Andreasen Christian
Published: July 2022

This study aims to improve the quality and quantity of winter wheat by using the potential of combining the use of cold plasma and waste biorefinery products for improving wheat yield. Plasma was applied by a radio frequency (RF) plasma reactor operated with air for 180 s and 50 W. The waste biorefinery products, including pyroligneous acid, biochar, and azolla compost, were used as plant nutrition. The effects of cold plasma treatment and waste biorefinery products were determined by measuring plant photosynthesis, grain yield, and content of chlorophyll, carotenoids, anthocyanin, protein, and starch. The experiment was conducted during the cropping seasons 2016−18 in a randomized complete block design with four replications. The combination of cold plasma and pyroligneous acid increased the grain yield up to 40.0%. The photosynthesis rate was improved up to 39.3%, and total chlorophyll content up to 48.3% in both years. Seed plasma treatment combined with biochar application increased the starch content by 36.8%. Adding azolla compost increased the protein content by 35.4%. Using seed plasma treatment with biochar increased the microbial biomass carbon by 16.0%. The application of plasma and azolla compost increased the microbial biomass nitrogen by 29.0%.
Transcriptome analysis of human cholangiocytes exposed to carcinogenic 1,2-dichloropropane in the presence of macrophages in vitro
Authors: Ekuban Abigail , Shichino Shigeyuki , Zong Cai , Ekuban Frederick Adams , Kinoshita Kazuo , Ichihara Sahoko , Matsushima Kouji , Ichihara Gaku
Published: July 2022

1,2-Dichloropropane (1,2-DCP), a synthetic organic solvent, has been implicated in causality of cholangiocarcinoma (bile duct cancer). 1,2-DCP-induced occupational cholangiocarcinoma show a different carcinogenic process compared to common cholangiocarcinoma, but its mechanism remains elusive. We reported previously that exposure of MMNK-1 cholangiocytes co-cultured with THP-1 macrophages, but not monocultured MMNK-1 cholangiocytes, to 1,2-DCP induced activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) expression, DNA damage and ROS production. The aim of this study was to identify relevant biological processes or target genes expressed in response to 1,2-DCP, using an in vitro system where cholangiocytes are co-cultured with macrophages. The co-cultured cells were exposed to 1,2-DCP at 0, 0.1 or 0.4 mM for 24 h, and then the cell lysates were assessed by transcriptome analysis. 1,2-DCP upregulated the expression of base excision repair genes in MMNK-1 cholangiocytes in the co-cultures, whereas it upregulated the expression of cell cycle-related genes in THP-1 macrophages. Activation of the base excision repair pathway might result from the previously observed DNA damage in MMNK-1 cholangiocytes co-cultured with THP-1 macrophages, although involvement of other mechanisms such as DNA replication, cell death or other types of DNA repair was not disproved. Cross talk interactions between cholangiocytes and macrophages leading to DNA damage in the cholangiocytes should be explored.
Variations in seismic parameters for the earthquakes during loading and unloading periods in the Three Gorges Reservoir area
Authors: Zhang Lifen , Liao Wulin , Chen Zhigao , Li Jinggang , Yao Yunsheng , Tong Guangqin , Zhao Yannan , Zhou Ziyan
Published: July 2022

As the largest water conservancy and hydropower project in China, the Three Gorges Reservoir is a weak seismic activity area before impoundment, but the frequency of earthquakes increases significantly after impoundment. The spatial density scanning method was used to obtain the characteristics of spatio-temporal earthquake distribution in the reservoir area during loading and unloading processes. The results show that the frequencies of earthquakes during the loading and unloading processes were higher than that during the low-water-level operation period, which is well explained by the acoustic emission test results. The seismic b-value, fractal dimension D, and spatial correlation length SCL can be used together to indicate stress criticality. To analyze the impacts of reservoir water loading and unloading on seismicity in the reservoir area, time-scan analyses were performed on the b-value, D-value, and SCL of earthquakes near the Zigui segment and the Badong segment. Previous studies argued that the time-varying characteristics of b-values do not hold predictive significance for earthquakes in the M4.0–6.2 range. However, our study found that the time-varying characteristics of b-values are of predictive significance for earthquakes around M4.0. These seismic parameters decrease significantly before moderate earthquakes but at different rates in different regions.
Human enteric adenovirus F40/41 as a major cause of acute gastroenteritis in children in Brazil, 2018 to 2020
Authors: do Nascimento Lilian Gonçalves , Fialho Alexandre Madi , de Andrade Juliana da Silva Ribeiro , de Assis Rosane Maria Santos , Fumian Tulio Machado
Published: July 2022

Human adenovirus (HAdV) types F40/41 have long been recognized as major viral agents of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) in children. Despite this, studies on HAdV molecular epidemiology are sparse, and their real impact is likely under-estimated. Thus, our goal was to investigate HAdV incidence, enteric and non-enteric types circulation, co-detections with rotavirus and norovirus and DNA shedding in stool samples from inpatients and outpatients from eleven Brazilian states. During the three-year study, 1012 AGE stool samples were analysed by TaqMan-based qPCR, to detect and quantify HAdV. Positive samples were genotyped by partial sequencing of the hexon gene followed by phylogenetic analysis. Co-detections were accessed by screening for rotavirus and norovirus. Overall, we detected HAdV in 24.5% of single-detected samples (n = 248), with a prevalence of type F41 (35.8%). We observed a higher incidence in children between 6 to 24 months, without marked seasonality. Additionally, we observed a statistically higher median viral load among single-detections between enteric and non-enteric types and a significantly lower HAdV viral load compared to rotavirus and norovirus in co-detections (p < 0.0001). Our study contributes to the knowledge of HAdV epidemiology and reinforces the need for the inclusion of enteric types F40/41 in molecular surveillance programs.
Gestational age-specific serum creatinine can predict adverse pregnancy outcomes
Authors: Kang Jieun , Hwang Sangwon , Lee Tae Sic , Cho Jooyoung , Seo Dong Min , Choi Seong Jin , Uh Young
Published: July 2022

Serum creatinine level (SCr) typically decreases during pregnancy due to physiologic glomerular hyperfiltration. Therefore, the clinical practice of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) based on SCr concentrations might be inapplicable to pregnant women with kidney disease since it does not take into account of the pregnancy-related biological changes. We integrated the Wonju Severance Christian Hospital (WSCH)-based findings and prior knowledge from big data to reveal the relationship between the abnormal but hidden SCr level and adverse pregnancy outcomes. We analyzed 4004 pregnant women who visited in WSCH. Adverse pregnancy outcomes included preterm birth, preeclampsia, fetal growth retardation, and intrauterine fetal demise. We categorized the pregnant women into four groups based on the gestational age (GA)-unadjusted raw distribution (Q1–4raw), and then GA-specific (Q1–4adj) SCr distribution. Linear regression analysis revealed that Q1-4adj groups had better predictive outcomes than the Q1–4raw groups. In logistic regression model, the Q1–4adj groups exhibited a robust non-linear U-shaped relationship with the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes, compared to the Q1–4raw groups. The integrative analysis on SCr with respect to GA-specific distribution could be used to screen out pregnant women with a normal SCr coupled with a decreased renal function.
Pattern and rate in the Plio-Pleistocene evolution of modern human brain size
Authors: Gingerich Philip D.
Published: July 2022

Fourteen studies of brain size evolution in Plio-Pleistocene hominins published over the past fifty years show substantial long-term increase in endocranial volume (ECV) for the broad lineage leading to modern humans. The median generation-to-generation step rate for a consensus time series of ECV values, h0 = 0.15 standard deviations per generation, is almost identical to the median step rate observed in modern biological field studies. When specimens are aggregated in a series of 100 k.y. time bins to reflect the precision of their geological ages, temporal scaling identifies four successive phases of stasis and change that are significantly different from random. Phase I from about 3.2 to 2.0 million years before present is an initial phase of relative stasis. Phase II from 2.0 to 1.5 m.y. is a phase of directional brain size increase. Phase III from 1.5 to 0.7 m.y. is a second phase of stasis. Finally, Phase IV from about 0.7 m.y. to 10 k.y. is a second phase of directional increase. The tempo (rate) and the mode (stasis, random, or directional change) of an evolutionary time series are related to each other, and both are related to the time scale appropriate for analysis.
Protein and functional isoform levels and genetic variants of the BAFF and APRIL pathway components in systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Ortiz-Aljaro Pilar , Montes-Cano Marco Antonio , García-Lozano José-Raúl , Aquino Virginia , Carmona Rosario , Perez-Florido Javier , García-Hernández Francisco José , Dopazo Joaquín , González-Escribano María Francisca
Published: July 2022

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is the prototype of an autoimmune disease. Belimumab, a monoclonal antibody targets BAFF, is the only biologic approved for SLE and active lupus nephritis. BAFF is a cytokine with a key-regulatory role in the B cell homeostasis, which acts by binding to three receptors: BAFF-R, TACI and BCMA. TACI and BCMA also bind APRIL. Many studies reported elevated soluble BAFF and APRIL levels in the sera of SLE patients, but other questions about the role of this system in the disease remain open. The study aimed to investigate the utility of the cytokine levels in serum and urine as biomarkers, the role of non-functional isoforms, and the association of gene variants with the disease. This case–control study includes a cohort (women, 18–60 years old) of 100 patients (48% with nephritis) and 100 healthy controls. We used ELISA assays to measure the cytokine concentrations in serum (sBAFF and sAPRIL) and urine (uBAFF and uAPRIL); TaqMan Gene Expression Assays to quantify the relative mRNA expression of ΔBAFF, βAPRIL, and εAPRIL, and next-generation sequencing to genotype the cytokine (TNFSF13 and TNFSF13B) and receptor (TNFRSF13B, TNFRSF17 and TNFRSF13C) genes. The statistical tests used were: Kruskal–Wallis (qualitative variables), the Spearman Rho coefficient (correlations), the Chi-square and SKAT (association of common and rare genetic variants, respectively). As expected, sBAFF and sAPRIL levels were higher in patients than in controls (p ≤ 0.001) but found differences between patient subgroups. sBAFF and sAPRIL significantly correlated only in patients with nephritis (rs = 0.67, p ≤ 0.001) and βAPRIL levels were lower in patients with nephritis (p = 0.04), and ΔBAFF levels were lower in patients with dsDNA antibodies (p = 0.04). Rare variants of TNFSF13 and TNFRSF13B and TNFSF13 p.Gly67Arg and TNFRSF13B p.Val220Ala were associated with SLE. Our study supports differences among SLE patient subgroups with diverse clinical features in the BAFF/APRIL pathway. In addition, it suggests the involvement of genetic variants in the susceptibility to the disease.
Combined inhibition of BADSer99 phosphorylation and PARP ablates models of recurrent ovarian carcinoma
Authors: Zhang Xi , Wang Liqiong , Chen Shu , Huang Peng , Ma Lan , Ding Hui , Basappa Basappa , Zhu Tao , Lobie Peter E. , Pandey Vijay
Published: July 2022

Background

Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPis) have been approved for the treatment of recurrent epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), regardless ofBRCAstatus or homologous recombination repair deficiency. However, the low response of platinum-resistant EOC, the emergence of resistance inBRCA-deficient cancer, and therapy-associated toxicities in patients limit the clinical utility of PARPis in recurrent EOC.

Methods

The association of phosphorylated (p) BADS99 with clinicopathological parameters and survival outcomes in an EOC cohort was assessed by immunohistochemistry. The therapeutic synergy, and mechanisms thereof, between a pBADS99 inhibitor and PARPis in EOC was determined in vitro and in vivo using cell line and patient-derived models.

Results

A positive correlation between pBADS99 in EOC with higher disease stage and poorer survival is observed. Increased pBADS99 in EOC cells is significantly associated withBRCA-deficiency and decreased Cisplatin or Olaparib sensitivity. Pharmacological inhibition of pBADS99 synergizes with PARPis to enhance PARPi IC50and decreases survival, foci formation, and growth in ex vivo culture of EOC cells and patient-derived organoids (PDOs). Combined inhibition of pBADS99 and PARP in EOC cells or PDOs enhances DNA damage but impairs PARPi stimulated DNA repair with a consequent increase in apoptosis. Inhibition of BADS99 phosphorylation synergizes with Olaparib to suppress the xenograft growth of platinum-sensitive and resistant EOC. Combined pBADS99-PARP inhibition produces a complete response in a PDX derived from a patient with metastatic and chemoresistant EOC.

Conclusions

A rational and efficacious combination strategy involving combined inhibition of pBADS99 and PARP for the treatment of recurrent EOC is presented.
Integrating informal learning in college general chemistry courses
Authors: Heider Emily C. , Simkins Kylee , McLaughlin Jared , Simmons Vanessa , Long Ruth L. , Coulter Abigail
Published: July 2022

Informal learning (IL) venues such as museums, zoos, scouting, national parks, and community activities are increasingly recognized for their important role in enhancing the public understanding of science. Many benefits to students who participate in rich informal learning experiences are reported in the literature, including improvements in scientific reasoning skills, percentages of students enrolling in science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) majors, and completion of college degrees. The research reported herein analyzes potential benefits of including informal learning experiences in college general chemistry courses, using the School Museum Learning Framework to structure the informal learning experiences. Assessment of outcomes of the informal learning activities are scaffolded upon the U.S. National Research Council's Strands of Informal Learning. Gains in science learning as they related to formal chemistry course content were quantified using pre- and post-assessment measures. Additional outcomes quantifying student motivation were evaluated using the Science Motivation Questionnaire. Results show improvement in some course-related outcomes as well as affective expressions of motivation by students who participated in informal learning experiences.
A fused polycyclic compound containing phenothiazine and diazapyrene skeletons with weak D–A interactions
Authors: Matsumoto Keito , Tachi Yoshimitsu , Kozaki Masatoshi
Published: July 2022

A phenothiazine and diazapyrene skeleton in a small fused polycyclic molecule retain their inherent electronic properties due to weak orbital interactions.
An internal encapsulating layer for efficient, stable, repairable and low-lead-leakage perovskite solar cells
Authors: Xu Dongdong , Mai Runsheng , Jiang Yue , Chen Cong , Wang Ru , Xu Zhengjie , Kempa Krzysztof , Zhou Guofu , Liu Jun-Ming , Gao Jinwei
Published: July 2022

The in situ synthesis of a cross-linked polymer (Spiro-NPU) as an internal encapsulating layer (IEL) supports the development of efficient, stable, repairable, and low-lead-leakage perovskite solar cells.
Designing a nickel(ii) thiourea-formaldehyde polymer/nanocarbon bifunctional molecular catalyst with superior ORR, OER activities and its application to Zn–air battery
Authors: Ganesan Pandian , Staykov Aleksandar , Mufundirwa Albert , Sugiyama Takeharu , Shu Hiroaki , Uejima Mitsugu , Nakashima Naotoshi
Published: July 2022

We report the design of a bifunctional molecular catalyst composed of a Ni-coordinated poly(thiourea-formaldehyde) polymer and a nanocarbon, that exhibits very high ORR, OER and Zn–air battery performance.
Highly efficient piezoelectric field enhanced photocatalytic performance via in situ formation of BaTiO3 on Ti3C2Tx for phenolic compound degradation
Authors: Zheng Huiqi , Chen Jin , Que Meidan , Yang Tai , Liu Zhikang , Cai Weihua , Yang Lingfu , Liu Xinwei , Li Yanjun , Yang Xiaofeng , Ma Yuzhao , Zhu Gangqiang
Published: July 2022

Novel BaTiO3/Ti3C2Tx piezo-photocatalysts are fabricated via an in-situ solvothermal method. The synergistic effect of BaTiO3 and Ti3C2Tx increases piezo-photocatalytic activity.
Covalent functionalization of few-layer TiS2 with tetraphenylporphyrin: toward a donor–acceptor nanohybrid featuring enhanced nonlinear saturation absorption
Authors: Fang Yan , Li Hui , Wei Zhiyuan , Guan Zihao , Shan Naying , Fu Lulu , Huang Zhipeng , Humphrey Mark G. , Zhang Chi
Published: July 2022

The first covalently functionalized example of TiS2 nanosheets with tetraphenylporphyrin featuring efficient intrahybrid energy transfer and therefore enhanced saturation absorption.
DRL‐based frequency response of wind turbine generators adapting their variable regulation capabilities
Authors: Ding Zhetong , Wu Jiping , Wang Ying , Shan Shuo , Yuan Kun , Zhang Kaifeng
Published: July 2022

Frequency response of wind turbine generators (WTGs) is a crucial technology to ensure safe integration of increasing future wind power into power grids. WTGs' regulation capabilities are variable compared to conventional generations due to uncertain wind speed and dynamic deloading factors, which affects the design of their frequency response strategy. This paper proposes a novel deep reinforcement learning (DRL)‐based frequency response framework of WTGs, combining a deep deterministic policy gradient (DDPG)‐based control and a proportional power sharing (PPS) strategy. The DDPG‐based control dynamically determines the optimal total regulation power of WTGs and the PPS strategy allocates the total regulation power to each WTG. Benefiting from the ability of DDPG algorithm to handle multi‐dimensional continuous system states and actions, the proposed DDPG‐control enables a wind farm to dynamically determine the optimal total frequency regulation power under WTGs' variable regulation capabilities. Besides, the application of deep neural networks (DNN) in DDPG algorithm makes the DDPG‐based control possible to be implemented in complex nonlinear systems. Simulations on an IEEE 39‐bus system demonstrate that effectiveness of the proposed frequency response strategy of WTGs.
Evolution of the flow field in decaying active regions
Authors: Strecker H. , Bello González N.
Published: July 2022

Context. In a previous work, we investigated the evolution of the flow field around sunspots during sunspot decay and compared it with the flow field of supergranular cells. The decay of a sunspot proceeds as it interacts with its surroundings. This is manifested by the changes observed in the flow field surrounding the decaying spot.

Aims. We now investigate in detail the evolution of the flow field in the direct periphery of the sunspots of the same sample and aim to provide a complete picture of the role of large-scale flows present in sunspot cells.

Methods. We analyse the horizontal velocity profiles of sunspots obtained from observations by the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI) on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO). We follow their evolution across the solar disc from their stable phase to their decay and their final disappearance.

Results. We find two different scenarios for the evolution of the flow region surrounding a spot in the final stage of its decay: (i) either the flow cell implodes and disappears under the action of the surrounding supergranules or (ii) it outlives the spot. In the later case, an inwards flow towards the remaining naked spot develops in the vicinity closest to the spot followed by an outflow further out. These findings provide observational evidence to theoretical predictions by realistic magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) sunspot and moat region simulations.

Conclusions. The Evershed flow and the moat flow, both connected to the presence of fully fledged sunspots in a spot cell, vanish when penumbrae decay. Moat flows decline into supergranular flows. The final fate of a spot cell depends on its interaction with the surrounding supergranular cells. In the case of non-imploding spot cells, the remaining naked spot develops a converging inflow driven by radiative cooling and a geometrical alignment of granules in its periphery which is similar to that observed in pores.
Nano-diamonds in proto-planetary discs
Authors: Jones A. P.
Published: July 2022

Context.Nano-diamonds remain an intriguing component of the dust in the few sources where they have been observed in emission.

Aims.This work focusses on the nano-diamonds observed in circumstellar discs and is an attempt to derive critical information about their possible sizes, compositions, and evolution using a recently derived set of optical constants.

Methods.The complex indices of refraction of nano-diamonds and their optical properties (the efficiency factorsQext,Qsca,Qabs, andQpr) were used to determine their temperatures, lifetimes, and drift velocities as a function of their radii (0.5–100 nm), composition (surface hydrogenation and irradiated states), and distance from the central stars in circumstellar regions.

Results.The nano-diamond temperature profiles were determined for the stars HR 4049, Elias 1, and HD 97048 in the optically thin limit. The results indicate that large nano-diamonds (a= 30–100 nm) are the hottest and therefore the least resistant in the inner disc regions (~10–50 AU), while small (a< 10 nm) fully hydrogenated nano-diamonds remain significantly cooler in these same regions. We discuss these results within the context of nano-diamond formation in circumstellar discs.

Conclusions.Large nano-diamonds, being the hottest, are most affected by the stellar radiation field; however, the effects of radiation pressure appear to be insufficient to move them out of harm’s way. The nano-diamonds that best survive and therefore shine in the inner regions of proto-planetary discs are then seemingly small (a< 10 nm), hydrogenated, and close in size to pre-solar nano-diamonds (〈a〉 ≃ 1.4 nm). Nevertheless, it does not yet appear possible to reconcile their existence with their seemingly short lifetimes in such regions.
Constraining X-ray emission of a magnetically arrested disk by radio-loud AGNs with an extreme-ultraviolet deficit
Authors: Li Shuang-Liang , Zhou Minhua , Gu Minfeng
Published: July 2022

Aims. Active galactic nuclei (AGNs) with an extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) deficit are suggested to be powered by a magnetically arrested disk (MAD) surrounding the black hole, where the slope of EUV spectra (αEUV) is found to possess a clearly positive relationship with the jet efficiency. In this work, we investigate the properties of X-ray emission in AGNs with an EUV deficit for the first time.

Methods. We constructed a sample of 15 objects with an EUV deficit to analyze their X-ray emission. The X-ray luminosity in 13 objects was recently processed by us, while the other two sources were gathered from archival data.

Results. It is found that the average X-ray flux of AGNs with an EUV deficit are 4.5 times larger than that of radio-quiet AGNs (RQAGNs), while the slope of the relationship between the optical-UV luminosity (LUV) and the X-ray luminosity (LX) is found to be similar with that of RQAGNs. For comparison, the average X-ray flux of radio-loud AGNs (RLAGNs) without an EUV deficit is about 2–3 times larger than that of RQAGNs. A strong positive correlation between αEUV and radio loudness (RUV) is also reported. However, there is no strong relationship between LX and the radio luminosity (LR).

Conclusions. Both the excess of X-ray emission of RLAGNs with an EUV deficit and the strong αEUV − RUV relationship can be qualitatively explained with the MAD scenario, which can help one to constrain the theoretical model of MAD.
Absolute dimensions and apsidal motion of the eclipsing binaries V889 Aquilae and V402 Lacertae
Authors: Baroch D. , Giménez A. , Morales J. C. , Ribas I. , Herrero E. , Perdelwitz V. , Jordi C. , Granzer T. , Allende Prieto C.
Published: July 2022

Context. Double-lined eclipsing binaries allow the direct determination of masses and radii, which are key for testing stellar models. With the launch of the TESS mission, many well-known eclipsing binaries have been observed at higher photometric precision, permitting the improvement of the absolute dimension determinations.

Aims. Using TESS data and newly obtained spectroscopic observations, we aim to determine the masses and radii of the eccentric eclipsing binary systems V889 Aql and V402 Lac, together with their apsidal motion parameters.

Methods. We simultaneously modelled radial velocity curves and times of eclipse for each target to precisely determine the orbital parameters of the systems, which we used to analyse the light curves and then obtain their absolute dimensions. We compared the obtained values with those predicted by theoretical models.

Results. We determined masses and radii of the components of both systems with relative uncertainties lower than 2%. V889 Aql is composed of two stars with masses 2.17 ± 0.02 M⊙ and 2.13 ± 0.01 M⊙ and radii 1.87 ± 0.04 R⊙ and 1.85 ± 0.04 R⊙. We find conclusive evidence of the presence of a third body orbiting V889 Aql with a period of 67 yr. Based on the detected third light and the absence of signal in the spectra, we suggest that this third body could in turn be a binary composed of two ∼1.4 M⊙ stars. V402 Lac is composed of two stars with masses 2.80 ± 0.05 M⊙ and 2.78 ± 0.05 M⊙ and radii 2.38 ± 0.03 R⊙ and 2.36 ± 0.03 R⊙. The times of minimum light are compatible with the presence of a third body for this system too, although its period is not yet fully sampled. In both cases we have found a good agreement between the observed apsidal motion rates and the model predictions.
Language, gender, and patriarchy in Mulan: a diachronic analysis of a Disney Princess movie
Authors: Manaworapong Pimpatchanok , Bowen Neil Evan Jon Anthony
Published: July 2022

Movies can implicitly promote social and ideological norms on a mass scale, making them powerful socialization agents, especially among children. However, Hollywood movies are no longer confined to the influence of American ideals, as media companies now have to consider the growing influence of markets such as China. With this in mind, this paper explores the portrayal of gender, power, and gendered roles across two versions of Disney’s Mulan (1998 and 2020). Specifically, it explores male-coded and female-coded characters’ talk for portrayals of gender and the enactment of assigned roles through conversational strategies and the content of talk. Findings indicate a subtle shift in the distribution of “dominant” discourse between the two versions, despite female-coded characters being framed as dutiful wives, brides-to-be, and/or mothers in both movies. Specifically, in Mulan 2020, male-coded characters are portrayed as more “feminine” through their talk, while female-coded characters—particularly Mulan and Xianniang—are portrayed as more “masculine”, further highlighting a recent trend for more nuanced portrayals of gender in Disney movies. Based on these results and others, the paper argues that the portrayal of gender in Mulan 2020, while still primarily associated with heteronormative roles in service of a patriarchal world, has undergone subtle changes that may reflect American and Chinese influences.
Toward a universal description of multiphase turbulence phenomena based on the vorticity transport equation
Authors: Saeedipour Mahdi , Schneiderbauer Simon
Published: July 2022

Understanding the evolution of turbulence in multiphase flows remains a challenge due to the complex inter-phase interactions at different scales. This paper attempts to enlighten the multiphase turbulence phenomenon from a new perspective by exploiting the classical concept of vorticity and its role in the evolution of the turbulent energy cascade. We start with the vorticity transport equations for two different multiphase flow formulations, which are one-fluid and two-fluid models. By extending the decaying homogeneous isotropic turbulence (HIT) problem to the multiphase flow context, we performed two highly resolved simulations of HIT in the presence of (i) a thin interface layer and (ii) homogeneously distributed solid particle. These two configurations allow for the investigation of interfacial turbulence and particulate turbulence, respectively. In addition to the analysis of the global flow characteristic in both cases, we evaluate the spectral contribution of each production/dissipation mechanism in the vorticity transport equation to the distribution of vortical energy (enstrophy) across the scales. We base our discussion on the role of the main inter-phase interaction mechanisms in vorticity transport (i.e., the surface tension for interfacial turbulence and drag force for particulate turbulence) and unveil a similar contribution from these mechanisms to the multiphase turbulence cascade. The results also explain the deviation of kinetic energy and enstrophy spectra of multiphase HIT problems from their single-phase similitudes, confirming the validity of this approach for establishing a universal description of multiphase turbulence.
Quantitative theory for spikes and bubbles in the Richtmyer−Meshkov instability at arbitrary density ratios in three dimensions
Authors: Guo Wenxuan , Zhang Qiang
Published: July 2022

It is known that conducting numerical simulations and experiments for the shock-induced Richtmyer–Meshkov instability in three dimensions is much more difficult and time-consuming than that in two dimensions. Therefore, theories can play a more important role in the study of three-dimensional Richtmyer–Meshkov instability. We present analytical formulas for predicting the behavior of growth rate and amplitude of fingers at the unstable Richtmyer–Meshkov interface. Our theory is for both spikes and bubbles, for the arbitrary density ratio between the two fluids, and for the entire development process from early to late times.
Discovery of superconducting quaternary Y–Ni–B–C system, T
c ∼ 12 K, and a brief review of superconducting and magnetic properties of RNi2B2C
Authors: Mazumdar Chandan , Gupta L C
Published: July 2022

We give a brief account of the events that led to the discovery of the superconducting system Y–Ni–B–C. In short, several unique properties of the single phase quaternary materials RNi2B2C are briefly discussed, such as certain aspects of coexistence of superconductivity and magnetism in RNi2B2C, flux line lattices in RNi2B2C and the Kondo effect in YbNi2B2C.
Molecular dynamics study of interactions between edge dislocation and irradiation-induced defects in Fe–10Ni–20Cr alloy
Authors: Xiong Tao-Wen , Chen Xiao-Ping , Lin Ye-Ping , He Xin-Fu , Yang Wen , Hu Wang-Yu , Gao Fei , Deng Hui-Qiu
Published: July 2022

Irradiation-induced defects frequently impede the slip of dislocations, resulting in a sharp decline in the performance of nuclear reactor structural materials, particularly core structural materials. In the present work, molecular dynamics method is used to investigate the interactions between edge dislocations and three typical irradiation-induced defects (void, Frank loop, and stacking fault tetrahedron) with the sizes of 3 nm, 5 nm, and 7 nm at different temperatures in Fe–10Ni–20Cr alloy. The critical resolved shear stresses (CRSSs) are compared among different defect types after interacting with edge dislocations. The results show that the CRSS decreases with temperature increasing and defect size decreasing for each defect type during the interaction with edge dislocations, except for the case of 3-nm Frank loops at 900 K. According to a comparison, the CRSS in Frank loop is significantly higher than that of others of the same size, which is due to the occurrence of unfaulting and formation of superjog or stacking-fault complex during the interaction. The atomic evolution of irradiation-induced defects after interacting with dislocations can provide a novel insight into the design of new structural materials.
Asymmetric image encryption algorithm based on a new three-dimensional improved logistic chaotic map
Authors: Ye Guo-Dong , Wu Hui-Shan , Huang Xiao-Ling , Tan Syh-Yuan
Published: July 2022

Based on some analyses of existing chaotic image encryption frameworks and a new designed three-dimensional improved logistic chaotic map (3D-ILM), an asymmetric image encryption algorithm using public-key Rivest–Shamir–Adleman (RSA) is presented in this paper. In the first stage, a new 3D-ILM is proposed to enhance the chaotic behavior considering analysis of time sequence, Lyapunov exponent, and Shannon entropy. In the second stage, combined with the public key RSA algorithm, a new key acquisition mathematical model (MKA) is constructed to obtain the initial keys for the 3D-ILM. Consequently, the key stream can be produced depending on the plain image for a higher security. Moreover, a novel process model (NPM) for the input of the 3D-ILM is built, which is built to improve the distribution uniformity of the chaotic sequence. In the third stage, to encrypt the plain image, a pre-process by exclusive OR (XOR) operation with a random matrix is applied. Then, the pre-processed image is performed by a permutation for rows, a downward modulo function for adjacent pixels, a permutation for columns, a forward direction XOR addition-modulo diffusion, and a backward direction XOR addition-modulo diffusion to achieve the final cipher image. Moreover, experiments show that the the proposed algorithm has a better performance. Especially, the number of pixels change rate (NPCR) is close to ideal case 99.6094%, with the unified average changing intensity (UACI) close to 33.4634%, and the information entropy (IE) close to 8.
Identification of the phosphorus-doping defect in MgS as a potential qubit
Authors: Huang Jijun , Lei Xueling
Published: July 2022

The PS defect is obtained by replacing one S atom with one P atom in the wide-bandgap semiconductor MgS. Based on first-principles calculations, the formation energy, defect levels, and electronic structure of the PS defect in different charge states are evaluated. We predict that the neutral

P
S
0

and positively charged

P
S

+
1

are the plausible qubit candidates for the construction of quantum systems, since they maintain the spin conservation during optical excited transition. The zero-phonon lines at the

P
S
0

and

P
S

+
1

defects are 0.43 eV and 0.21 eV, respectively, which fall in the infrared band. In addition, the zero-field splitting parameter D of the

P
S

+
1

with spin-triplet is 2920 MHz, which is in the range of microwave, showing that the

P
S

+
1

defect can be manipulated by microwave. Finally, the principal values of the hyperfine tensor are examined, it is found that they decay exponentially with the distance from the defect site.
Current bifurcation, reversals and multiple mobility transitions of dipole in alternating electric fields
Authors: Du Wei , Jia Kao , Shi Zhi-Long , Nie Lin-Ru
Published: July 2022

Anomalous transports of dipole in alternating electric fields are investigated by means of numerical calculation of its average angular velocity (or current). Our results show that the alternating electric fields can make the dipole exhibit many interesting transport behaviors. There exist current bifurcation and multiple current reversal phenomena about frequency of the alternating electric fields in the system in the absence of constant bias force, while many platforms appear in the curve of its average angular velocity vs. the force, i.e., multiple mobility transitions phenomenon in the presence of the constant force, dependent on frequencies of the alternating electric fields. Further investigation indicates that the multiple mobility transitions are attributed to the traveling forces on the dipole. Intrinsic physical mechanism and conditions for the characteristic dynamical behaviors to occur are also discussed in detail. These findings will possess crucial significance for optimizing heating control in the alternating electric fields.
Mixed convectional and chemical reactive flow of nanofluid with slanted MHD on moving permeable stretching/shrinking sheet through nonlinear radiation, energy omission
Authors: Nasir Saleem , Sirisubtawee Sekson , Juntharee Pongpol , Gul Taza
Published: July 2022

Hybrid nanofluids are remarkable functioning liquids that are intended to reduce the energy loss while maximizing the heat transmission. In the involvement of suction and nonlinear thermal radiation effects, this study attempted to explore the energy transmission features of the inclined magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) stagnation flow of CNTs-hybrid nanofluid across the nonlinear permeable stretching or shrinking sheet. This work also included some noteworthy features like chemical reactions, variable molecular diffusivity, quadratic convection, viscous dissipation, velocity slip and heat omission assessment. Employing appropriate similarity components, the model equations were modified to ODEs and computed by using the HAM technique. The impact of various relevant flow characteristics on movement, heat and concentration profiles was investigated and plotted on a graph. Considering various model factors, the significance of drag friction, heat and mass transfer rate were also computed in tabular and graphical form. This leads to the conclusion that such factors have a considerable impact on the dynamics of fluid as well as other engineering measurements of interest. Furthermore, viscous forces are dominated by increasing the values of λ
p, δ
m and δ
q, and as a result, F′(ξ) accelerates while the opposite trend is observed for M and ϕ. The drag friction is boosted by the augmentation M, λ
p and ϕ, but the rate of heat transfer declined. According to our findings, hybrid nanoliquid effects dominate that of ordinary nanofluid in terms of F′(ξ), Θ(ξ) and ϕ(ξ) profiles. The HAM and the numerical technique (shooting method) were found to be in good agreement.
Phase transition behavior of pure Fe cells for thermocouple calibration
Authors: Kim Yong-Gyoo , Kwon Suyong , Kim Sunghun
Published: July 2022

The fixed points adopted in the international temperature scale of 1990 have generally been used to calibrate contact thermometers, such as thermocouples, to get the highest accuracy. The fixed point for Pd is located at the upper limit range of the Pt/Rh noble metal thermocouple calibration. However, the high price of Pd itself restricts its wide use in calibration laboratories. To overcome this difficulty, this study develops an alternative fixed point having a close transition temperature to the Pd freezing temperature of 1554.8 °C. The alternative is pure Fe with a quoted melting temperature of 1538 °C. To make a thermometric cell, an alumina crucible was used to contain the molten liquid and it was found to be robust enough to last for more than 60 cycles of melting and freezing tests without any chemical and mechanical damage. Two cells were fabricated, and their melting and freezing behaviors were studied using type B thermocouples. By considering the advantage and disadvantages of melting and freezing, the melting temperature was selected as a thermometric transition point for the calibration of thermocouples because of its easy operational processes and acceptable uncertainty level. Using a reference thermocouple that had been calibrated versus a standard radiation thermometer, the average melting temperature of the two Fe cells was 1534.0 °C with an uncertainty of 1.2 °C (k = 2). From the studies, an Fe cell made in an alumina crucible can successfully replace the Pd fixed point.
Curiosity in exploring chemical spaces: intrinsic rewards for molecular reinforcement learning
Authors: Thiede Luca A , Krenn Mario , Nigam AkshatKumar , Aspuru-Guzik Alán
Published: July 2022

Computer aided design of molecules has the potential to disrupt the field of drug and material discovery. Machine learning and deep learning in particular, made big strides in recent years and promises to greatly benefit computer aided methods. Reinforcement learning is a particularly promising approach since it enables de novo molecule design, that is molecular design, without providing any prior knowledge. However, the search space is vast, and therefore any reinforcement learning agent needs to perform efficient exploration. In this study, we examine three versions of intrinsic motivation to aid efficient exploration. The algorithms are adapted from intrinsic motivation in the literature that were developed in other settings, predominantly video games. We show that the curious agents finds better performing molecules on two of three benchmarks. This indicates an exciting new research direction for reinforcement learning agents that can explore the chemical space out of their own motivation. This has the potential to eventually lead to unexpected new molecular designs no human has thought about so far.
Environmental DNA analysis as an emerging non-destructive method for plant biodiversity monitoring: a review
Authors: Banerjee Pritam , Stewart Kathryn A , Dey Gobinda , Antognazza Caterina M , Sharma Raju Kumar , Maity Jyoti Prakash , Saha Santanu , Doi Hideyuki , de Vere Natasha , Chan Michael W Y , Lin Pin-Yun , Chao Hung-Chun , Chen Chien-Yen
Published: July 2022

Environmental DNA (eDNA) analysis has recently transformed and modernized biodiversity monitoring. The accurate detection, and to some extent quantification, of organisms (individuals/populations/communities) in environmental samples is galvanizing eDNA as a successful cost and time-efficient biomonitoring technique. Currently, eDNA’s application to plants remains more limited in implementation and scope compared to animals and microorganisms. This review evaluates the development of eDNA-based methods for (vascular) plants, comparing its performance and power of detection with that of traditional methods, to critically evaluate and advise best-practices needed to innovate plant biomonitoring. Recent advancements, standardization and field applications of eDNA-based methods have provided enough scope to utilize it in conservation biology for numerous organisms. Despite our review demonstrating only 13% of all eDNA studies focus on plant taxa to date, eDNA has considerable environmental DNA has considerable potential for plants, where successful detection of invasive, endangered and rare species, and community-level interpretations have provided proof-of-concept. Monitoring methods using eDNA were found to be equal or more effective than traditional methods; however, species detection increased when both methods were coupled. Additionally, eDNA methods were found to be effective in studying species interactions, community dynamics and even effects of anthropogenic pressure. Currently, elimination of potential obstacles (e.g. lack of relevant DNA reference libraries for plants) and the development of user-friendly protocols would greatly contribute to comprehensive eDNA-based plant monitoring programs. This is particularly needed in the data-depauperate tropics and for some plant groups (e.g., Bryophytes and Pteridophytes). We further advocate to coupling traditional methods with eDNA approaches, as the former is often cheaper and methodologically more straightforward, while the latter offers non-destructive approaches with increased discrimination ability. Furthermore, to make a global platform for eDNA, governmental and academic-industrial collaborations are essential to make eDNA surveys a broadly adopted and implemented, rapid, cost-effective and non-invasive plant monitoring approach.