bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Specific Features of Second Harmonic Generation of Femtosecond YB3+:KY(WO4)2 Laser Radiation in Heterostructures A3B5 with Asymmetric Quantum Wells
Authors: Borisov Gennady , Gol’dort Veniamin , Kovalyov Alexander , Kochubei Sergey , Ledovskikh Dmitry , Preobrazhenskii V. , Putyato Mikhail , Rubtsova Natalia , Semyagin Boris
Published: December 2021

Second harmonic generation of femtosecond Yb3+:KY(WO4)2 laser radiation was investigated in semiconductor heterostructure grown at the singular GaAs substrate of orientation (001) and including a set of asymmetric quantum wells. Azimuth second harmonic dependence was investigated in transmission for the incidence angles of 10–70 degree, and in reflection for incidence angle of 45 degree by application of p- and s-polarized pumping radiation. Second harmonic signals from heterostructure were several times higher than those from the substrate at p-polarized pumping in transmission and for the cases of p- and s-polarized pumping in reflection. The case of s-polarized pumping radiation and p-polarized second harmonic radiation in reflection resulted in high isotropic contribution from the heterostructure to second harmonic; here, the azimuth dependencies from the heterostructure and from the substrate are essentially different
Influence The Direction Of Blowing Gas Through A Porous Surface On The Stability Of The Supersonic Boundary Layer
Authors: Gaponov Sergey , Semenov Aleksandr
Published: December 2021

In the paper the influence of the gas blowing direction through a porous surface on the supersonic boundary layer stability is investigated theoretically, using the classical method of elementary waves and the evolutionary method at Mach number M = 2. It was found that with decreasing of the gas injection angle to the plane plate the boundary layer stability was improved and the tangential blowing effect on the boundary layer stability is little in a comparison with the case of a boundary layer without mass exchange.
Investigations Of A Flow Around The Flying Wing Model At Natural Reynolds Numbers
Authors: Pavlenko Alexandr , Zanin Boris , Katasonov Mikhail
Published: December 2021

Studies of flow structure near the surface model of drones have been conducted in the subsonic wind tunnel. Experimental data of flow visualization depending on attack angle were obtained by oil film method. Evolution of flow patterns inside the regions of boundary layer separation in different configurations was demonstrated. Ability of separation control and reduction zones of flow separation by local influence (ribs and cones) has been also studied on the wing surface.
Influence Of Relative Size Of The U-Shaped Silicon Rod On Conjugate Heat Transfer In The Regime Of Gas Buayancy Induced Convection
Authors: Berdnikov Vladimir , Mitin Konstantin , Mitina Alina
Published: December 2021

The influence of relative cross-section size of an electrically heated U-shaped silicon rod which is placed in a gas-filled rectangle container with isothermal cold walls on conjugate heat transfer in the regime of buoyancy induced convection was numerically studied in three-dimensional formulation. The natural convection equations in the Boussinesq approximation in term temperature, velocity vortex and velocity vector potential were solved by the finite element method. The spatial form of convective flow and temperature fields in liquid and solid body were studied. It was show that spatial form and intensity of convective flows is significantly depends on the cross-section size of U-shaped silicon rod. This is has strong influence on the temperature field in a solid body.
On Modelling The Stability Of Fluid Flows In Compliant Pipes Applied To Hemodynamic Problems
Authors: Boiko Andrey
Published: December 2021

The study is directed to formulate physical models adequate to describe mechanisms of interactions of compliant walls of pipes and hydrodynamic disturbances aiming to reveal the conditions responsible for hydrodynamic instability in hemodynamic problems.
About Influence Of Inclination Angle Of Ribs On The Distribution Of Liquid Nitrogen At A Film Flow In A Single Structured Packing Elements
Authors: Pavlenko Aleksandr , Surtaev Anton , Volodin Oleg , Serdyukov Vladimir
Published: December 2021

Experimental results on the parameters of the film flow of cryogenic liquid over the surface of single elements of the structured packing consisting of two corrugated plates are presented. The effect of inclination angle of large ribs on liquid distribution along the packing at different irrigation degrees is shown based on the comparison with experimental data. It is shown that changing the angle of the ribs leads to a substantial redistribution of local flow rate of the flowing liquid across the width of the package. The character of this redistribution significantly depends on the degree of irrigation.
Diffusion Combustion Of The Round Microjet Mixture Of Hydrogen With Metane, Helium And Nitrogen
Authors: Shmakov Andrey , Grek Genrich , Kozlov Viktor , Litvinenko Yuriy , Korobeinichev Oleg
Published: December 2021

The purpose of the given work will consist in an experimental studies of the diffusion combustion features of the hydrogen round microjet mixtures with the metane, helium and nitrogen. It is found, that the mechanism and characteristics of a microjet and a flame evolution at diffusion combustion of the hydrogen mixture with the metane, helium or nitrogen are connected with the «bottleneck» flame area formation, as well as in a situation of a pure hydrogen microjet diffusion combustion. It is revealed, that process of diffusion combustion of a hydrogen / metane mixture in a round microjet is accompanied by stage-by-stage stages of a turbulent flame detachment at preservation of combustion in the «bottleneck» flame area, and, at last extinction of microjet combustion that correlates with combustion process of a similar microjet of pure hydrogen. It is found, that all above-listed stages of a hydrogen / metane mixture combustion are realized in a range considerably smaller speeds of a microjet (200÷500 m/sec), than in a similar situation of a pure hydrogen microjet combustion (600÷800 m/sec). It is shown, that at diffusion combustion of a mixture of hydrogen with metane or helium or nitrogen in a round microjet for stabilization of combustion with growth of a microjet speed it is necessary to increase a portion of hydrogen (or to reduce a portion of an impurity) in a mixture of gases.
Theoretical Modeling Of The Structure Of Surface Niobium Sites Based On Solid-State 93nb Nmr
Authors: Papulovskiy Evgeny , Shubin Aleksandr , Lapina Olga
Published: December 2021

In this work niobium oxide clusters on the surface of Al2O3 are modeled using DFT calculations. 93Nb NMR parameters of modeled clusters were computed with the GIPAW method. The niobia system under consideration represents high niobium loading on the surface of the support. The niobium atoms are highly coordinated and linked to the other niobia polyhedra by one or two bonds. The most of the niobium oxide particles has a coordination number of six. The correlations found between 93Nb NMR parameters and coordination environment are discussed.
Application Of Systems With Total Internal Reflection At Novosibirsk Free Electron Laser For Spectroscopy In The Terahertz Range
Authors: Gerasimov Vasily , Grigorieva Elvira , Knyazev Boris , Choporova Yuliya
Published: December 2021

Attenuated total reflection (ATR) spectroscopy is widely used in the visible and infrared spectral ranges. Progress in the development of laboratory scale monochromatic sources of terahertz radiation, such as quantum cascade lasers, suggests that in the near future this kind of spectrometers will be widely spread in the terahertz range. For this reason, the development of ATR based methods and devices is highly relevant. In this paper, we discuss the features of the use of ATR spectroscopy in the terahertz range, and describe some of the optical systems, designed for experiments at the Novosibirsk free electron laser (NovoFEL). We show that in the terahertz range the ATR spectroscopy has a number of significant advantages over the absorption spectroscopy. As an example, we are discussing the possibility of using terahertz polarimetry to develop a method for early diagnosis of cancer via the detection of left-handed to right-handed polysaccharide enantiomers ratio. Spectra of selected polysaccharides were recorded with a standard Fourier spectrometer using developed by us an ATR unit. The possibility of studying the polarization characteristics of polysaccharides in aqueous solutions using spectrally selective polarimeter with the NovoFEL as a tunable radiation source was demonstrated.
The Method To Find The Angular Distribution Of Relativistic Magnetized Electron Beam From Measurements Of Their Absorption In A Sequence Of Cylindrical Collimators
Authors: Arzhannikov Andrey , Makarov Maxim , Sinitsky Stanislav , Samtsov Denis , Stepanov Vasily
Published: December 2021

In the problem on motion of magnetized relativistic electrons in a cylindrical channel with the radius comparable with characteristic Larmor radius of the electrons, a distribution of electrons with arbitrary initial angular spread absorbed in the channel wall along its axis is found. The solution is obtained by 3D modelling taking into account the reflection of electrons from the cylindrical surface of the channel. Basing on the received solution the multichannel detector of the electron angular spread in the form of sequential absorbing collimators with gradually decreasing diameter is constructed and tested in a real experiment. Mathematical procedure to find the angular distribution function of the electron velocities from the measurements of the collimator currents is described.
Modeling Of Transverse Detonation Waves In A Flat-Radial Annular Channel
Authors: Trilis Artem
Published: December 2021

Acoustic properties of two regions of gases with different temperatures arising at the initial stage of evolution of transverse detonation waves in annular channel were examined. Mechanics of acoustic vibrations and waves are studied using both numeric and analytical and methods. Rotating circumferential waves at boundary surface of two gases with different temperatures were discovered and rotation velocities of these waves were determined.
The Influence of Service Quality and Location on Consumer Decisions at Hotel Vista in Prabumulih
Authors: Tusri Yudi
Published: December 2021

This study shows that when testing the quality of service all the questions in the questionnaire are said to be valid with the provisions exceeding the value of r table where the value of r table is 0.185. And for the reliability value obtained a value of 0.849 with the provisions above 0.185 it can be said that the existing questionnaire is declared reliable for further testing. At the time of testing the location, all the questions in the questionnaire were said to be valid with the provisions exceeding the value of r table where the value of r table was 0.185. And for the reliability value obtained a value of 0.853 with the provisions above 0.185 it can be said that the existing questionnaire is declared reliable for further testing. For the calculated f value of 33,505 and for the f table value from the results of n-k-1 (n=respondent, k=independent variable) of 2.76. Thus, for the calculated f value of 33,505 > the f table value of 2.76, the service quality and location variables have a positive effect on consumer decisions.
Intellectual Capital and Good Corporate Governance Determinants of Financial Performance
Authors: Wijaya Herman , Kurnia Denny , Kodriyah Kodriyah
Published: December 2021

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of intellectual capital and good corporate governance on company performance. The population in this study were companies listed in the Jakarta Islamic Index during the 2016 – 2019 period. The sampling technique in this study used a purposive sampling technique. This causality research method was analyzed using multiple regression. The data collection method used is the secondary data documentation method, and tested using Partial Least Square (PLS-SEM). The result of this research is that there is an influence between Intellectual Capital on financial performance. The results of corporate governance proxied by the Board of Directors have a significant effect, but the Board of Commissioners and the Audit Committee have no effect on the Company's Financial Performance.
An Investigation into the Impact of the Electronic Taxation System: A Case Study of Namibia
Authors:   University of Namibia, Windhoek, Namibia, Fourie Kylie Shannan , Angula Nikodemus ,   University of Namibia, Windhoek, Namibia
Published: December 2021

The Namibian government has benefited to date from information technology in many ways. The current research attempts to investigate the impact of electronic taxation systems, how well it is used, understood and utilized in developing countries. The importance of understanding and influencing Namibian citizens’ acknowledgement of E-Government services is key, given the substantial investment in government communication, information system technology and the potential for cost saving. One of the most successful E-Government initiatives, the electronic filing system (e-Filing), allows tax returns to be filed electronically. Despite many taxpayers adopting this method, a large number are still using the traditional manual method of filing tax returns. A descriptive research approach, namely the Quantitative method was used to evaluate the impact of electronic taxation systems. This study utilized the decomposed theory of planned behavior with factors adjusted specifically for Namibia as a developing country to identify the possible determinants of user acceptance of the e-Filing system among taxpayers. This exploratory study was conducted by means of a questionnaire survey. The questionnaires were completed by 48 individual taxpayers in Windhoek, which made up the whole sample. The research instruments used were questionnaires. The data and information collected was inspected for accuracy and completeness. Data collected was presented in the form of tables, charts and graphs for better understanding. After the data was analyzed the following findings and conclusions were drawn. Taxpayers using the manual method lack facilitating conditions such as access to computer and internet resources, which was the most significant barrier to e-Filing usage, while taxpayers using the electronic method reported perceived usefulness as the primary determinant in their decision to use e-Filing. Understanding these acceptance factors can extend our knowledge of taxpayers’ decision-making and lead to better arranging and usage of future EGovernment initiatives in Namibia and other developing countries.
Different Ways of Solving a Geometric Task
Authors:   Elementary school “Jovan Cvijic”, Kostolac-Pozarevac, Serbia, Obradovic Dragan , Mishra Lakshmi Narayan ,   Department of Mathematics, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT) University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
Published: December 2021

We present the solution in several ways, i.e., one solution from geometry, four solutions are clearly geometric, i.e., one is trigonometric and three are analytical (two on complex level and one in Deck level).
The Usage of E-Learning Challenges in the Namibia Educational Institutions: A Namibian Experience During Covid-19
Authors:   Organisation, Address, City, Postcode, Country, Angula Nikodemus , Mutelo Sinte ,   Nambia University of Science and Technology, 13 Jackson Kaujuea Street, Windhoek, 9000., Namibia
Published: December 2021

In the Namibian educational environment during COVID-19 many schools were affected as a result of COVID-19 such as primary school, secondary school, as well as tertiary institutions experiencing challenges of eLearning platform usage as a means of facilitating teaching and learning among learners and students as most of them have to adapt to the new environment of the online platform. However, despite some schools had adopted and implemented eLearning the study discovered that many schools including universities do not fully utilize the platform implemented in their schools and as such many schools have been struggling to adapt to the new environment of online learning. The usage of eLearning across the globe has made work easier for both Lecturers, students, Teachers and Learners to access the system wherever there is internet connectivity. The study discovered that the adoption and implementation of e-learning have been a challenge in Namibian educational institutions due to the of lack ICT knowledge to utilize the e-learning platform, hence it takes time for staffs to acquaint themselves with the new technology adopted or implemented.
The Influence of Atmospheric and Subsoil Impact on the Evaporation Process During Firefighter’s Events
Authors: Polanczyk Andrzej , Piechota-Polanczyk Aleksandra , Majder-Łopatka Małgorzata , Dmochowska Anna , Salamonowicz Zdzislaw
Published: December 2021

The influence of sun rays, wind speed, and different type of subsoil on the evaporation process was analyzed. A dedicated experimental set-up for investigation of evaporation process of three liquids (ethanol, petrol and tap water) deposited on glass and sand was created. Results indicated that for porous surfaces wind decreased the amount of evaporated liquids. After substitution of wind with sun rays for porous surface evaporation process increased for ethanol and petrol, respectively. Finally, the influence of both wind and sun rays indicated a 1% and 5% decrease of evaporation intensity for tap water and petrol, respectively. While, a 2% increase of evaporated liquid was observed for ethanol. It was noticed that application of porous surface caused the highest improvement of evaporation process for petrol and tap water, while the lowest for ethanol. Moreover, application of wind together with porous surface increased the intensity of evaporation for all analyzed liquids.
Neuromodel of the "Crusher mill" Mechatronic Complex
Authors: Kalinchyk Vasyl , Meita Olexandr , Pobigaylo Vitalii , Kalinchyk Vitalii , Filyanin Danylo
Published: December 2021

To create a mechatron model of vacuum tube vibration system for rock cutting by flat auger tools based on physical and mechanical properties of processed array and kinematic characteristics of the instrument. The analytical model of the fracture process of rock cutting by tool vibration with considering of plastic properties of the massif were developed. The main technological parameters of massif vibrating cutting with normal variations were modeled: dependences of normal and tangential pressure in the zone of working body interaction with the medium, normal and shear stresses in the zone of destruction, rock characteristics of the medium, vibration parameters dependences on the characteristics of mechatronic system geometry of the contact area of flat incisors treated with medium. The choice of the computational model of the vibration rock cutting with the normal to the direction of movement of the working body fluctuations with considering arising from processes at once or disorders: the occurrence of compressive and tensile stresses were backgrounded. Main stages and interconnection options in the simulation of vibration cutting were established. Scientific novelty lies in the development of a method of analysis of contact interaction of roller working body molding machine with an array taking into account the changes in the stabilization process of physical and mechanical properties of the treated medium, the aim of which is to predict the required voltage and depth of the formed layer. The theoretical basis of rock cutting by flat auger tool taking into account the normal component of the vibration with respect to the movement direction allowing for the deformation of the rock mass and the contact interaction with the working body were established, that allows to improve the technology of drilling wells by reducing the power consumption of the cutting process. The results enable us to determine the parameters of power and kinematic conditions for the occurrence of the vibration cutting.
Implementasi Naïve bayes Clasifier dalam Klasifikasi Jenis Berita
Authors: Santi Dessy , Nangi Jumadil , Ransi Natalis
Published: December 2021

Sometimes the classification of news categories is still an obstacle. Classification can be wrong because it is still subjective. As a result, the selected category does not match the uploaded news description. Based on these problems, the authors feel the need to make Classification of News Types with the Naïve Bayes Classifier Algorithm. The importance of this system is to be able to classify news and help news seekers to get the news they want.

Based on the test results, the Naïve Bayes Classifier algorithm has a good performance for the classification of news types. This is evidenced in testing using news data taken from www.kompasiana.com, then news is classified into four categories namely politics, economics, sports, and entertainment. The classification results using 16 test news obtained an accuracy of 87.5%.
RANCANG BANGUN SISTEM MONITORING OUTPUT KECEPATAN MOTOR INDUKSI TIGA FASA BERBASIS MIKROKONTROLLER DENGAN PENAMPIL PADA MATLAB
Authors: Fauzi Rizana , Masarrang Maryantho , Pirade Yulius S. , Dewi Sari
Published: December 2021

The use of three-phase induction motors in the industrial world is increasingly growing, in addition to industry, the transportation department is also increasingly using induction motors with the development of transportation models that use electricity. But testing in the performance of induction motors is still not applied. Only the industrial world is able to set test standards for the performance of induction motors. Performance can be seen by monitoring how the output speed of the induction motor. This study aims to create a system that is able to see the performance of the induction motor output in a graph in real time and continuously. In the implementation results, it can be seen that the monitoring system can display a graph that matches the reading of the speed sensor mounted on the induction motor.
SISTEM MONITORING REALTIME DETAK JANTUNG DAN KADAR OKSIGEN DALAM DARAH PADA MANUSIA BERBASIS IoT (INTERNET of THINGS)
Authors: Aprilia Aprilia , Sollu Tan Suryani
Published: December 2021

Heart rate and oxygen levels in the blood are very important for medical personnel to know the patient's health condition, with the existing real-time of heart rate monitoring system and oxygen levels in the blood based on IoT, it can facilitate the workload of medical personnel. This tool uses the Max30100 sensor to detect heart rate and oxygen levels in the blood and NodeMCU ESP8266 as controlling and sending sensor data to the IoT platform on android and PC wirelessly. The results of sending heart rate data and oxygen levels in the blood on Blynk and web servers have an error alignment average of 1.7% and 0%. and measurements have an average of 87 bpm and 96% of SpO2 in adolescents 20-24 years with the results of the measurements indicate the patient's condition is normal.
Humpback whales in Banderas Bay, Mexico: relative abundance and temporal patterns between 2004 and 2017
Authors: Espinoza Rodríguez Iyari Janethzy , Frisch Jordán Astrid , Noriega Betancourt Fernando
Published: December 2021

Banderas Bay, Mexico is an important breeding and transit area for the North Pacific humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) population. In this paper we estimated relative abundance (RA = number of whales/hours of navigation) as a proxy to assess population temporary patterns in the area. We analyzed data from 14 breeding seasons (2004-2017), collected between December and March each winter. A total of 8,013 whales were observed in 1,394.6 navigation hours. Average seasonal RA was 5.7 whales per hour with a maximum of 7.5 (2013) and a minimum of 4.0 (2016). Sea surface temperature (SST) averaged 25.1°C and remained within the range considered optimal for humpback whale reproduction areas. SST showed no significant correlation with RA (r = 0.183). Inter-seasonal RA values suggested an increase throughout the study period, although the increase was not statistically significant (R = 0.32; R2 = 0.10; t = 1.15, p > 0.05). Intra-seasonal analyses showed that RA in December and January were significantly higher (U = 150, p < 0.05) than in February and March; this pattern was consistent throughout the seasons of study. These results represent a shift in the intra-seasonal abundance peak relative to previous studies when most whales were observed between January and February. It is important to recognize changes in population parameters of humpback whales in breeding areas to improve management practices. This study also highlights the potential of opportunistic platforms, such as whale watching tour boats, as viable sources of quality information, particularly in contexts when funding is limited.
Effect of infill and density pattern on the mechanical behaviour of ABS parts manufactured by FDM using Taguchi and ANOVA approach
Authors: Othmani M. , Zarbane K. , Chouaf A.
Published: December 2021

Purpose: The present work aims to investigate the effect of many infill patterns (rectilinear, line, grid, triangles, cubic, concentric, honeycomb, 3D honeycomb) and the infill density on the mechanical tensile strength of an Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) test specimen manufactured numerically by FDM.
Design/methodology/approach: Computer-Aided Design (CAD) software has been used to model the geometry and the mesostructure of the test specimens in a fully automatic manner from a G-code file by using a script. Then, a Numerical Design of Experiments (NDoE) has been carried out by using Taguchi method and the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The tensile behaviour of these numerical test specimens has been studied by the Finite Element Analysis (FEA).
Findings: The FEA results showed that a maximal Ultimate Tensile Strength (UTS) was reached by using the ‘concentric’ infill pattern combined with an infill density of 30%.
The results also show that the infill pattern and the infill density are significant factors.
Research limitations/implications: The low infill densities of 20% and 30% that have already been used in many previous studies, we have also applied it in order to reduce the time of the simulations. Indeed, with high infill density, the simulations take a very excessive time. In an ongoing study, we predicted higher percentages.
Practical implications: This study provided an important modelling tool for the design and manufacture of functional parts and helps the FDM practitioners and engineers
to manufacture strong and lightweight FDM parts by choosing the optimal process parameters.
Originality/value: This study elucidated the effect of various infill patterns on the tensile properties of the test specimens and applied for the first time a NDoE using numerical test specimens created by the mesostructured approach, which considerably minimized the cost of the experiments while obtaining an error of 6.8% between the numerical and the experimental values of the UTS.
Impact of vitamin D3 supplementation on the in vitro growth of mouse preantral follicles
Authors: Shim Yoo Jin , Hong Yeon Hee , Lee Jaewang , Jee Byung Chul
Published: December 2021

Objective: We investigated the impact of vitamin D3 (VD3) supplementation during mouse preantral follicle culture in vitro and the mRNA expression of 25-hydroxylase (CYP2R1), 1-alpha-hydroxylase (CYP27B1), and vitamin D receptor (VDR) in mouse ovarian follicles at different stages.Methods: Preantral follicles were retrieved from 39 BDF1 mice (7–8 weeks old) and then cultured in vitro for 12 days under VD3 supplementation (0, 25, and 50 pg/mL). Follicular development and the final oocyte acquisition were assessed. Preantral follicles were retrieved from 15 other BDF1 mice (7–8 weeks old) and cultured without VD3 supplementation. Three stages of mouse ovarian follicles were obtained (preantral, antral, and ruptured follicles). Total RNA was extracted from the pooled cells (from 20 follicles at each stage), and then reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction was performed to identify mRNA for CYP2R1, CYP27B1, and VDR.Results: The survival of preantral follicles, rates of antrum formation and ruptured follicles (per initiated follicle) and the number of total or mature oocytes were all comparable among the three groups. Both CYP2R1 and CYP27B1 were expressed in antral and ruptured follicles, but not in preantral follicles. VDR was expressed in all three follicular stages.Conclusion: VD3 supplementation in vitro (25 or 50 pg/mL) did not enhance mouse follicular development or final oocyte acquisition. Follicular stage-specific expression of CYP2R1, CYP27B1, and VDR was observed.
Joint Medicines Regulatory Procedure in the East African Community: Registration Timelines and Way Forward
Authors: Mashingia Jane , Maboko S , Mbwiri P I , Okello A , Ahmada S I , Barayandema R , Tulba R , Byomuhangi E , Ekeocha Zita , Byrn Stephen Robert , Clase Kari L
Published: December 2021

A review of the East African Community (EAC) joint regulatory review process was conducted, registration timelines analyzed and key milestones, challenges and opportunities documented for the period of July 2015 to January 2020. A total of 113 applications were submitted for joint scientific review. Among these, 109 applications were assessed, 57 were recommended for marketing authorisation, 52 applications had queries to applicants and four applications were under review. A total median approval time for all products ranged from 53 to 102 days. The maximum time taken by a regulator to review the dossier was 391 days and the minimum time was 44 days. For applicants, the maximum time to respond to queries was 927 days and the minimum time was nine days. The total median time for granting marketing authorisation by the National Medicines Regulatory Authorities (NMRA) decreased from 174 to 39 working days in 2015 and 2019 respectively. However, not all EAC NMRA has granted marketing authorisation to all 57 products due to non-payment of applicable fees by applicants. Long regulatory approval timelines were contributed by limited capacity for timely scientific review of dossier by some NMRA, lack of online portal to share dossiersand assessment reports, delay in responding to queries by applicants and deficiencies in dossier. The metric tool and register of medical products submitted for joint scientific review had incomplete data. Challenges were identified and actions recommended to ensure regional regulatory system optimization, efficiency, transparency, sustainability and accountability.
Resource Modelling for the QC Laboratory at XYZ Pharmaceuticals in Southern Africa
Authors: Munhuweyi Ngonidzashe Portia , Ekeocha Zita , Byrn Stephen Robert , Clase Kari L
Published: December 2021

Quality control (QC) laboratories are critical components in drug manufacturing and running them efficiently contributes to better, consistent supply of cost-effective quality products, while also and preventing deaths due to untimely delivery or unavailability of medicines. Having a resource modelling tool to estimate resources needed to handle a particular demand in a given system is essential for efficient running of QC laboratory. This study was done to establish such a model at XYZ Pharmaceuticals. The list of all products manufactured by XYZ Pharmaceuticals Southern Africa was reviewed; and product families for all products were identified. Analysts’ hands on time (HOT) to process one sample of each of the product families was estimated. The number of analysts required to support the workload at XYZ Pharmaceuticals was calculated using the HOTs for the different product families and the Maslaton’s Calculation Model. A baseline resource model was established.
Effect of Aluminum Addition with Nitrogen on K-Carbide Formation in Carbon-Mn Steel
Authors: ABRO Shahid Hussain , CHANDIO Alidad , SHAIKH Asif Ahmed , NORDIN Norbaizura , SUHARWARDI Hamza
Published: December 2021

An attempt has been made in the present research work to investigate the role and influence of chemical effect of aluminum addition in the experimental steel towards the formation of k-carbides. Two steel grades were made with and without aluminum addition by induction melting furnace and were cast to ingots. Steel A has no aluminum addition and steel B has some aluminum content. These ingots were then solution heat treated on a temperature of 1200°C for 2-hours’ time and were cooled in the air. After that, they were hot rolled to drawn in plate and sheet. The small samples were cut from bulk and were then heat-treated at 800°C for 1 hour and quenched. Microstructure by OM and SEM was captured. In steel A there was no k-carbide present in the matrix and surprisingly in steel B, small fine k-carbides were present this was then confirmed by XRD later. OM, SEM, and TEM analysis revealed that the presence of k-carbides in steel B makes less dense. It was concluded that aluminum in conjunction with nitrogen forms the small nitride particles having a high melting point does not dissolve during the melting and casting such particles are known as AlN or aluminum nitride particles was observed by TEM along with EDS was the main reason to support the formation of k-carbides, these fine nano level k-carbides are orderly distributed in the steel matrix as was shown by XRD peaks.
Fear of Falling in Older Adults: A Scoping Review of Recent Literature
Authors: MacKay Scott , Ebert Patricia , Harbidge Cathy , Hogan David B.
Published: December 2021

Background 
Fear of falling (FOF) is prevalent among older adults and associated with adverse health outcomes. Over recent years a substantial body of research has emerged on its epidemiology, associated factors, and consequences. This scoping review summarizes the FOF literature published between April 2015 and March 2020 in order to inform current practice and identify gaps in the literature. 
Methods 
A total of 439 articles related to FOF in older adults were identified, 56 selected for full-text review, and 46 retained for data extraction and synthesis. 
Results 
The majority of included studies were cross-sectional. Older age, female sex, previous falls, worse physical performance, and depressive symptoms were the factors most consistently associated with FOF. Studies that measured FOF with a single question reported a significantly lower prevalence of FOF than those using the Falls Efficacy Scale, a continuous measure. FOF was associated with higher likelihoods of future falls, short-term mortality, and functional decline. 
Conclusions 
Comparisons between studies were limited by inconsistent definition and measurement of FOF, falls, and other characteristics. Consensus on how to measure FOF and which participant characteristics to evaluate would address this issue. Gaps in the literature include clarifying the relationships between FOF and cognitive, psychological, social, and environmental factors.
Die Wachstumsbremse terroristischer Gruppen. Effekte personenbezogener Erwartungsbildung in Terrorgruppen
Authors: Kühl Stefan
Published: December 2021

Terroristische Gruppen stehen in einem grundsätzlichen Spannungsfeld. Auf der einen Seite haben sie aufgrund ihrer politischen Orientierung einen Wachstumsanspruch. Auf der anderen Seite bieten sich ihnen aber aufgrund der Illegalität ihrer Handlungen nur begrenzte Möglichkeiten, neue vertrauenswürdige Mitglieder zu rekrutieren, und sie sind deswegen in ihren Wachstumsmöglichkeiten beschränkt. In diesem Artikel wird der Gruppencharakter terroristischer Zusammenschlüsse herausgearbeitet und gezeigt, wie stark die Dynamik in Terrorgruppen durch personale Erwartungsbildung geprägt wird.
Direktklagemöglichkeiten gegen Beschlüsse des Europäischen Datenschutzausschusses
Authors: Herrmann Christoph , Miller Simon A.
Published: December 2021

Mit der Datenschutz-Grundverordnung realisierte sich eine beachtliche Aufwertung des zentralen Koordinierungsgremiums innerhalb der unionsweiten Datenschutzaufsicht, dem Europäischen Datenschutzausschuss. Dessen Kompetenz umfasst seither den Erlass verbindlicher Beschlüsse gegenüber den nationalen Aufsichtsbehörden im Kohärenzverfahren. Auswirkungen können sich in weiterer Folge für natürliche und juristische Personen ergeben, die in ein aufsichtsbehördliches Verwaltungsverfahren im Mitgliedstaat involviert sind. Ihre Rechtsschutzmöglichkeit gegen einen Beschluss des Europäischen Datenschutzausschusses ergibt sich im Rahmen der Unionsgerichtsbarkeit aus der Nichtigkeitsklage. Die Zulässigkeitskriterien einer solchen Klage hängen aufgrund des gestuften Systems der Klageberechtigung sowie insb. mangels Adressatenstellung von der Erfüllung jener restriktiven Anforderungen ab, die sich aus Art. 263 Abs. 4 2. Var. AEUV ergeben. Hierfür stellt die Plaumann-Rechtsprechung des EuGH eine besonders hohe Hürde auf. Ausgeschlossen sind direkte Klagemöglichkeiten von Privaten gegen Beschlüsse des Europäischen Datenschutzausschusses dennoch nicht. Für Stellungnahmen des Europäischen Datenschutzausschusses im Rahmen des Kohärenzverfahrens sieht dies anders aus. Dabei ist nicht die Frage nach einer Rechtswirkung von Stellungnahmen zur Eignung als Klagegegenstand zuvörderst hinderlich, sondern die engen Kriterien für die Klageberechtigung schließen eine Nichtigkeitsklage aus.
Studienförderung: Mittelbare Benachteiligung von Geflüchteten mit Auslandsstudium
Authors: Knuth Matthias
Published: December 2021

Viele Geflüchtete streben einen Hochschulabschluss an, sind dafür aber auf finanzielle Förderung angewiesen. Sie haben grundsätzlich Zugang zur Förderung nach dem Bundesausbildungsförderungsgesetz. Wenn sie aber schon studiert oder gar einen Abschluss erworben haben, sehen sie sich förderungsrechtlichen Hürden gegenüber. Sozialwissenschaftliche Befunde zur Entwertung kulturellen Kapitals im Zuge von Migration begründen, warum ein erneutes Studium notwendig ist. Eine Rekonstruktion der Rechtsprechung versucht die komplexe Rechtslage zu erhellen. Fallrekonstruktionen aus aktuellen Gerichtsentscheidungen über die Fälle von Geflüchteten demonstrieren die häufig restriktive Entscheidungspraxis der Förderverwaltungen. Institutionelle Zugangshürden zur Studienförderung, von denen nur Bildungsausländer*innen betroffen sein können, stellen eine mittelbare Benachteiligung wegen der Herkunft dar.
İndirim Günü Reklamı Yapan Markalara Yönelik Sinik Tutumlar
Authors: ÇERÇİ Merve
Published: December 2021

İndirim yapmak, yapılan indirimleri hedef kitleye duyurmak için sıklıkla reklam yapmak kimi zaman markaların beklentilerinin aksine müşterilerinde sinik tutum gibi olumsuz yönde duygulara yol açabilir. Markalar müşterileri tarafından şu an için tercih sebebi olsalar bile bu durum uzun vadede marka boykotu, yıkıcı tüketici davranışları gibi sonuçlar doğurabilir. Bu çalışmanın amacı en çok indirim günü reklamı yaptığı düşünülen Trendyol ve Çiçek Sepeti markalarına yönelik tüketicilerin sinik tutumlarını ölçümlemektir. Ayrıca, tüketicilerin sinik tutumlarının; onların demografik özelliklerine, bu markalardan daha önce alışveriş yapıp yapmadıklarına ve reklamlarda vaat edildiği gibi ürünlerin indirimli olup olmadığına dair inanca göre farklılık gösterip göstermediğinin tespitidir. Araştırma için Bozoklu ve Ermeç (2020) tarafından Türkçe’ye çevrilmiş Tüketici Sinizmi Ölçeği (TSÖ) kullanılmıştır. Hazırlanan anket ile veriler çevrimiçi toplanmıştır. Araştırmada 169 kişiden toplanan datanın incelenmesi sonucunda; katılımcıların tamamı bu markaların müşterisi olsa da bu markalara yönelik sinik tutumlara sahip oldukları tespit edilmiştir. Katılımcıların bu sinik tutumları onların cinsiyetlerine göre farklılık göstermektedir. Ayrıca katılımcıların sıklıkla indirim günleri reklamı yapan markalara yönelik sinik tutumları onların bu markaların reklamlarında vaat ettikleri gibi ürünlerinin indirimli olup olmadığına dair inançlarına göre de farklılık göstermektedir.
Sinik tutum kavramı yerli alanyazında üzerine az çalışılmış bir konu olması nedeni ile bu çalışmanın kendisinden sonra gelen çalışmalara bir zemin oluşturması umulmaktadır.
Prometheus Bound in ISS
Authors: Schuettpelz Daren ,   After Dinner Conversation
Published: December 2021

Is there an appropriate way for those in power to blow off steam? Are teachers ever allowed to speak in a derogatory manner about students? In this work of philosophical short story fiction, Ethan is an intelligent loner high school Junior. His sister has gone off to the Air Force, and his mother recently died while driving drunk. One day he is approached by two of the popular girls in school who offer him $100 to hack into the school computer system and rig the Cotillion Queen voting results. He agrees, steals a teacher’s password, and logs into the teacher intranet to change the election results. While in the system he finds various “teacher only” discussion threads. In the threads, teaches talk candidly about which students they like and dislike. They also crack jokes about students, and generally say off-color remarks, including a few about Ethan. Ethan screen captures the conversations and emails them to the school and parents. Consequently, he is serving the remainder of the school year in In-School-Suspension.
Relevance and Biographical Experience in Urban Social Research
Authors: Santos Hermilio , Susin Priscila ,   Zeta Books
Published: December 2021

This paper analyses how the epistemological foundation proposed by Alfred Schutz, especially his notion of system of relevance, can adequately inform interpretive social research that adopts biographical narrative interviews and the method of biographical case reconstruction. We exemplify this adequacy between Schutz’s theory and the interpretive biographical approach by exploring a research project conducted in favelas of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. We claim that social research on urban development and social inequalities can greatly benefit from this type of phenomenologically based perspective because it offers a longitudinal and in-depth understanding of individuals’ life courses and experiences in urban everyday life and how they unfold always intertwined with a wide range of different historical and cultural experiences, contexts, and meanings.
On the diversity of subterranean beetles of the Dinarides: new leiodid taxa (Coleoptera: Leiodidae) from Serbia
Authors: Ćurčić Srećko , Pavićević Dragan , Vesović Nikola , Vrbica Maja , Kuraica Miloš , Marković Đorđe , Petković Matija , Lazović Vladimir , Pantelić Dejan , Bosco Fabrizio
Published: December 2021

Three subterranean leptodirine leiodid taxa, viz., Bozidaria Ćurčić & Pavićević gen. nov., Bozidaria serbooccidentalis Ćurčić & Pavićević gen. et sp. nov. and Proleonhardella (Proleonhardella) tarensis Ćurčić & Pavićević sp. nov., are described and diagnosed. Bozidaria Ćurčić & Pavićević gen. nov. belongs to the phyletic series of “Leonhardella”. The new beetle taxa differ from their closest relatives in numerous morphological characters. They most likely belong to phyletic lineages of Pliocene age. The new leiodid taxa are endemic to the Dinaric mountain chain of western Serbia. Keys to the leptodirine leiodid genera of the phyletic series of “Leonhardella” and to the taxa of the genus Proleonhardella Jeannel, 1910 are included.
O STREAMING SOB UM OLHAR HERMENÊUTICO DO DIREITO DE AUTOR
Authors: Taroco Lara Santos Zangerolame , Drummond Victor Gameiro
Published: December 2021

O objetivo do presente estudo é analisar o processo conhecido por streaming e as suas consequências no direito de autor contemporâneo, bem como as interpretações quanto à sua natureza jurídica e posição ocupada no ambiente do direito de autor. O streaming se apresenta como a manifestação de uma nova exploração comercial de obras de natureza musical e audiovisual. A possibilidade de múltiplos acessos às obras traz, à contemporaneidade, uma repetição da discussão clássica do direito de autor no que se refere à possibilidade de se auferir lucros e o simples uso de obras ou interpretações protegidas por lei. Considerando os desafios impostos pelas novas tecnologias, a insurgência de conflitos e divergências conceituais em relação ao streaming e o largo histórico de desenvolvimento do direito de autor, é necessário investigar, a partir de um viés hermenêutico, como essa questão tem sido tratada no Brasil, bem como quais são limites e possibilidades hermenêuticas para a adequação do streaming aos pressupostos da legislação vigente.
THE IMPORTANCE OF THE NOTARY AND REGISTRY SERVICE AS AN ALLY OF COMPLIANCE IN THE PREVENTION OF ENVIRONMENTAL CRIMES
Authors: Gomes Magno Federici , Pereira Eduardo Calais , Martínez Lazcano Alfonso Jaime
Published: December 2021

Este estudo visa analisar a necessária regulação da atividade notarial e do registo, habilitando-a a funcionar como braço dos Órgãos de controle e fiscalização das atividades das pessoas e entidades. Em primeiro lugar, é apresentada uma conceituação do Direito Notarial e de Registro. Em seguida, são analisados os princípios básicos, buscando cumprir os objetivos propostos. Em seguida, demonstra-se a relação do serviço notarial com as práticas de compliance na prevenção de crimes ambientais. Por fim, quando da apresentação do Dispositivo 88/2019 do Conselho Nacional de Justiça (CNJ), é feita uma análise crítica de seu conteúdo e eficácia. Este trabalho conclui que o CNJ se saiu bem ao incluir cartórios, registros e protestos como aliados no combate ao crime organizado e ao financiamento do terrorismo. No entanto, ainda é necessário o desenvolvimento de práticas regulatórias por parte dos serviços no que se refere aos crimes ambientais, dada a importância do tema. O regulamento proposto pode revelar-se um importante aliado na prevenção de crimes, degradações e tragédias.
A 20-year Retrospective Study of Pediatric Oral Lesion Biopsy
Authors: Park Sang Hyun , Kim Hyuntae , Song Ji-Soo , Hyun Hong-Keun , Kim Young-Jae , Kim Jung-Wook , Jang Ki-Taeg , Shin Teo Jeon
Published: December 2021

The aim of this study was to provide pathological information of pediatric oral lesions by retrospectively analyzing oral biopsy results from pediatric patients at the Seoul National University Dental Hospital. Biopsy results of all oral lesions from pediatric patients, aged 0 - 16 years, were collected from the files of the Department of Oral Pathology, Seoul National University Dental Hospital from January 2000 to April 2020. The patients were divided into 3 age groups: 0 - 5, 6 - 11 and 12 - 16 years. All oral lesions were classified into three main categories: inflammatory and reactive, tumor or tumor-like and cystic lesions. Among the total of 2928 biopsy specimens, tumor or tumor-like lesions(35.66%) were the most common, followed by inflammatory and reactive lesions(34.29%) and cystic lesions(30.05%). Regardless of the categories used in this study, odontoma was the most frequently found lesion, mucocele and dentigerous cyst being the next common. This study was the first retrospective review of pediatric oral pathology in Korea, and the results from this study may assist in providing informative insight into the pediatric oral pathology for pediatric dentists.
Methods for calculating rectangular section beams made of wood and concrete
Authors: Grigorievich Bulgakov , Olegovna Dubrakova , Yurievich Aseev
Published: December 2021

The research aimed to study methods for calculating wood-concrete beams of rectangular cross-section when testing building structures according to the ultimate limit state. The article focuses on the comparison of theoretical methods for calculating structures and considers several methods of fastening the samples of a typical wood-concrete beam. There were obtained experimental data of the ultimate limit state for each sample and carried out a comparative analysis of the most advantageous scheme of fastening the sample parts. The scientific novelty is in the development of an algorithm for calculating composite wood-concrete beams of rectangular cross-sections. As a result, numerical comparison of the values for calculating a typical wood-concrete beam using two of the methods under consideration was given, experimental studies were carried out, as well as a comparative analysis of the obtained theoretical and experimental results.