bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
S
yntrophaceticus
Authors: Schnürer Anna , Müller Bettina , Westerholm Maria
Published: March 2018

Syn.troph.a.ce'ti.cus. Gr. prep.
syn
, in company with, together with; Gr. n.
trophos
, feeder, rearer, one who feeds; L. n.
acetum
, vinegar; L. masc. suff.
‐icus
, suffix used with the sense of pertaining to; N.L. masc. n.
Syntrophaceticus
, syntrophic acetate feeder.

Firmicutes / Clostridia / Thermoanaerobacterales / incertae Sedis / Syntrophaceticus

The genus
Syntrophaceticus
is represented by only one characterized species,
Syntrophaceticus schinkii
Sp3
T
. This bacterium was isolated from an upflow anaerobic filter treating wastewater from a fishmeal factory, at high ammonium levels. It is a mesophilic bacterium (25–40°C), growing heterotrophically on a narrow number of substrates, including betaine, lactate, and ethanol. In pure culture, the bacterium grows very slowly, and low cell yield is obtained.

The main end product is acetate, which allocates the species to the physiological group acetogens. The bacterium oxidizes acetate during syntrophic growth with a hydrogenotrophic methanogen. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene positions the genus in the phylum Firmicutes, class
Clostridia
, and order
Thermoanaerobacteriales
. The closest relative is the thermophilic syntrophic acetate‐oxidizing bacterium
Thermacetogenium phaeum. Syntrophaceticus schinkii
has only been found in biogas digesters, operating with various substrates, and in both the mesophilic and thermophilic temperature range. 16S rRNA gene analyses have also shown higher abundance of
S. schinkii
in biogas digesters operating at high‐ compared to low‐ammonia conditions. Genome analysis of the type strain shows a total size of 3,196,921 bp, a G + C content of 46.59%, and a niche specialist organism with only a restricted number of active organic nutrient uptake systems, but still with complete Emden–Meyerhof–Parnas and Wood–Ljungdahl pathways.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 46.59.

Type species
:
Syntrophaceticus schinkii
Westerholm, Roos and Schnürer 2011c, 1012
VP
.
Surrealism and Architectural Atmosphere
Authors: Pérez‐Gómez Alberto
Published: March 2018

The concept of atmosphere in present architectural theory has many points of convergence with the insights of 20th‐century Surrealism. Alberto Pérez‐Gómez – Saidye Rosner Bronfman Professor of the History of Architecture at McGill University in Montreal – here examines themes including desire, poetics, musical affinities and the risks of stylistic imitation, with reference to writers from André Breton to Octavio Paz and from Edmund Husserl to Maurice Merleau‐Ponty.
Alien Ossuary: The HR Giger Museum Bar
Authors: Spiller Neil
Published: March 2018

The synthesis of mechanical ideas and forms with the organic has long been central to the Surrealist project. Famed for his work on the 1979 film Alien, Swiss artist Hans Ruedi Giger epitomises this approach – as supremely demonstrated by his biomechanoid Museum Bar in Gruyéres, Switzerland. Guest‐Editor Neil Spiller takes us on a Surrealist‐inspired journey around it.
Hearing Trumpets, Errant Furniture and Architectural Magic: Arch Combinatoria and the Horizontal Forest
Authors: Gall Natalie
Published: March 2018

Combinatorial systems offer a way of using constraint to liberate design. London‐based architect Natalie Gall investigated the possibilities of this in her fifth‐year MArch thesis at the University of Greenwich. Entitled Arch Combinatoria, the project envisions the spaces in Leonora Carrington's magical Surrealist novel The Hearing Trumpet through a series of drawings on different scales, with portals allowing the viewer to connect between them. Gall describes the project, and the historical precedents that fed into it, in detail.
‘Sur’ Realism: After Surrealism Comes Hyperrealism
Authors: Alonso Hernan Diaz
Published: March 2018

If Surrealism was originally about freeing the subconscious, what is its relevance in our now‐liberated era? Despite avowed sympathies with the Surrealist movement, Hernan Diaz Alonso – Principal of Los Angeles‐based architectural practice Xefirotarch and Director and CEO of the Southern California Institute of Architecture (SCI‐Arc) – argues that the way forward for visionary architecture in the digital age lies instead in the creation of new coherencies: a hyperrealism of the present that exploits and transforms clichés.
Base‐Catalyzed Cascade Reaction of ortho‐(Propargylamino)aryl Ketones with N‐, O‐, or S‐Based Nucleophiles for the Synthesis of 3‐Functionalized Quinoline Scaffolds
Authors: Yu Liu‐Zhu , Wei Hao‐Zhao , Shi Min
Published: March 2018

A metal‐free and base‐catalyzed cascade reaction of ortho‐(propargylamino)aryl ketones with primary alcohols, secondary amines, including various N‐heterocycles, and thiols through 1,4‐benzoxazepine intermediates was developed, providing a series of synthetically and medically valuable 3‐functionalized quinoline derivatives. The reaction process was easily manipulable and environmentally benign, producing 1.0 equiv. of water as the sole byproduct. Furthermore, bimolecular reactions for the synthesis of products containing two quinoline units were also succesful by utilizing this newly developed protocol.

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Hearing loss among older construction workers: Updated analyses
Authors: Dement John , Welch Laura S. , Ringen Knut , Cranford Kim , Quinn Patricia
Published: March 2018

Background

A prior study of this construction worker population found significant noise‐associated hearing loss. This follow‐up study included a much larger study population and consideration of additional risk factors.

Methods

Data included audiometry, clinical chemistry, personal history, and work history. Qualitative exposure metrics for noise and solvents were developed. Analyses compared construction workers to an internal reference group with lower exposures and an external worker population with low noise exposure.

Results

Among participants (n = 19 127) an overall prevalence of hearing loss of 58% was observed, with significantly increased prevalence across all construction trades. Construction workers had significantly increased risk of hearing loss compared to reference populations, with increasing risk by work duration. Noise exposure, solvent exposure, hypertension, and smoking were significant risk factors in multivariate models.

Conclusions

Results support a causal relationship between construction trades work and hearing loss. Prevention should focus on reducing exposure to noise, solvents, and cigarette smoke.
CO2 Binding and Splitting by Boron–Boron Multiple Bonds
Authors: Stoy Andreas , Böhnke Julian , Jiménez‐Halla J. Oscar C. , Dewhurst Rian D. , Thiess Torsten , Braunschweig Holger
Published: March 2018

The room‐temperature, ambient‐pressure reactions of CO2 with two species containing boron–boron multiple bonds led to the incorporation of either one or two CO2 molecules. The structural characterization of a thermally unstable intermediate in one case indicates that an initial [2+2] cycloaddition is the key step in the reaction mechanism.
A Methodological Study on Tuning the Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescent Performance by Molecular Constitution in Acridine–Benzophenone Derivatives
Authors: Yang Rongjuan , Guan Qian , Liu Zhiyang , Song Wei , Hong Ling , Lei Tao , Wei Qiang , Peng Ruixiang , Fan Xi , Ge Ziyi
Published: March 2018

Thermally activated delayed fluorescent (TADF) emitters are usually designed as donor–acceptor structures with large dihedral angles, which tend to incur low fluorescent efficiency, and therefore, through molecular design various strategies have been proposed to increase the efficiency of emitters; however, few studies have compared these strategies in one TADF system. In this study, a novel TADF molecule, [4‐(9,9‐diphenylacridin‐10‐yl)phenyl](phenyl)methanone (BP‐DPAC), was designed as a prototype, and two derivatives, BP‐Ph‐DPAC and DPAC‐BP‐DPAC, were also prepared to represent two common approaches to enhance TADF performance. Compared with the maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 6.82 % for BP‐DPAC, organic light‐emitting diodes (OLED) devices based on DPAC‐BP‐DPAC exhibited enhanced TADF properties with the highest maximum EQE of 18.67 %, owing to an additional diphenylacridine donor, whereas BP‐Ph‐DPAC showed non‐TADF properties and exhibited the lowest EQE of 4.25 %, owing to the insertion of a phenyl ring between donor and acceptor.
Synthesis and photoluminescence properties of co‐polyamides with anthrazoline‐containing units in the main chain
Authors: Goikhman Mikhail Ya. , Valieva Irina A. , Podeshvo Irina V. , Gofman Iosif V. , Smyslov Ruslan Yu. , Litvinova Larissa S. , Yakimansky Alexander V.
Published: March 2018

A series of anthrazoline‐containing monomers are synthesized, and eight co‐polyamides of different chemical structures, containing 1,9‐anthrazoline fragments in the main chain, are obtained and investigated. Photoluminescent, stress–strain, and thermal properties of these polymers are studied. It is shown that polymers with fragments of 4,4′‐(pyrido[3,2‐g]‐quinoline‐2,8‐diyl)dianiline and 4,4′‐(10‐methylpyrido[3,2‐g]quinoline‐2,8‐diyl)dianiline possess an intense luminescence in the range 550–650 nm. The performed investigations made it possible to determine the effect of substituents of various natures in the anthrazoline cycle and the position of amide group (meta‐ and para‐configurations) on optical, stress‐strain, and thermal properties of copolymers, opening up a prospect for further developments of principles of design of polymers with optimal characteristics.
Propensity score-matched comparison of oncological outcomes between laparoscopic and open distal pancreatic resection
Authors: Raoof M , Ituarte P H G , Woo Y , Warner S G , Singh G , Fong Y , Melstrom L
Published: March 2018

Background

Selected studies have reported improved outcomes in laparoscopic compared with open distal pancreatic resection. Concerns regarding failure to achieve proper oncological resection and compromised long-term outcomes remain. This study investigated whether postoperative outcomes and long-term survival after laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy are comparable to those after an open procedure.

Methods

This retrospective case–control study included patients who underwent distal pancreatectomy for resectable pancreatic adenocarcinoma between 2010 and 2013, identified from the National Cancer Database. Propensity score nearest-neighbour 1 : 1 matching was performed between patients undergoing laparoscopic or open distal pancreatectomy based on all relevant co-variables. The primary outcome was overall survival.

Results

Of 1947 eligible patients, 605 (31·1 per cent) underwent laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy. After propensity score matching, two well balanced groups of 563 patients each were analysed. There was no difference in overall survival at 3 years after laparoscopic versus open distal pancreatectomy (41·6 versus 36·0 per cent; hazard ratio 0·93, 95 per cent c.i. 0·77 to 1·12; P = 0·457). The overall conversion rate was 27·3 per cent (165 of 605). Patients who underwent laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy had outcomes comparable to those of patients who had an open procedure with regard to median time to chemotherapy (50 versus 50 days; P = 0·342), median number of nodes examined (12 versus 12; P = 0·759); 30-day mortality (1·2 versus 0·9 per cent; P = 0·562); 90-day mortality (2·8 versus 3·7 per cent; P = 0·403), 30-day readmission rate (9·6 versus 9·2 per cent; P = 0·838) and positive margin rate (14·9 versus 18·5 per cent; P = 0·110). However, median duration of hospital stay was shorter in the laparoscopic group (6 versus 7 days; P < 0·001).

Conclusion

Laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy is an acceptable alternative to open distal pancreatectomy with no detriment to survival.
The Catalytic Activities of New Metal Oxide Catalysts Modified by Graphene Oxide to Produce Propene and its Economic Evaluation
Authors: Lee Yehwon , Kwon Soojin , Yu Jihye , Kim Geon Joong
Published: March 2018

New types of catalysts, “pure ferrite”, “ferrite coated with graphene oxide (GO‐ferrite)”, and a “reduced form of graphene oxide with ferrite (RGO‐ferrite)”, were synthesized to produce propene through the oxidative dehydrogenation (ODH) of propane. The performance of these catalysts (i.e.,yield and selectivity) was examined through laboratory experiments over the temperature range, 623 to 923 K. Based on the experimental results, the contribution of GO to the selectivity to propene was determined, and a mathematical model of the reaction system was developed and applied. The model was applied to an economic evaluation of each catalyst, and the annual profits of these three different types of catalysts were compared.
Evaluation and Selection of Sustainable Strategy for Green Supply Chain Management Implementation
Authors: Malviya Rakesh Kumar , Kant Ravi , Gupta Ashim Dutta
Published: March 2018

The aim of this study is to explore the implementation of green supply chain management (GSCM) strategies and to select the best GSCM strategy using fuzzy analytical network process (ANP) methodology. The ANP helps in analyzing the interdependence and interrelations among the various determinants and dimensions of GSCM strategy selection. Fuzzy set theory is applied to avoid the vagueness and uncertainty in human preference judgement. This study uses an empirical case study of an Indian automobile organization to validate the applicability of the proposed model. The results show that the resource based strategy is in first position, having the maximum impact on each determinant. The case organization should improve the green management system with the assistance of a suitable GSCM strategy, i.e. the resource based strategy. This study may help managers to make decisions, and to analyze and standardize their environmental advantages dynamically. The robustness of the projected model is checked by conducting a sensitivity analysis. Copyright © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Prostate cancer surveillance by occupation and industry: the Canadian Census Health and Environment Cohort (CanCHEC)
Authors: Sritharan Jeavana , MacLeod Jill , Harris Shelley , Cole Donald C. , Harris Anne , Tjepkema Michael , Peters Paul A. , Demers Paul A.
Published: March 2018

As there are no well‐established modifiable risk factors for prostate cancer, further evidence is needed on possible factors such as occupation. Our study uses one of the largest Canadian worker cohorts to examine occupation, industry, and prostate cancer and to assess patterns of prostate cancer rates. The Canadian Census Health and Environment Cohort (CanCHEC) was established by linking the 1991 Canadian Census Cohort to the Canadian Cancer Database (1969–2010), Canadian Mortality Database (1991–2011), and Tax Summary Files (1981–2011). A total of 37,695 prostate cancer cases were identified in men aged 25–74 based on age at diagnosis. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazards ratios and 95% confidence intervals. In men aged 25–74 years, elevated risks were observed in the following occupations: senior management (HR = 1.12, 95% CI: 1.04–1.20); office and administration (HR = 1.19, 95% CI: 1.11–1.27); finance services (HR = 1.09, 95% CI: 1.04–1.14); education (HR = 1.05, 95% CI: 1.00–1.11); agriculture and farm management (HR = 1.12, 95% CI: 1.06–1.17); farm work (HR = 1.11, 95% CI: 1.01–1.21); construction managers (HR = 1.07, 95% CI: 1.01–1.14); firefighting (HR = 1.17, 95% CI: 1.01–1.36); and police work (HR = 1.22, 95% CI: 1.09–1.36). Decreased risks were observed across other construction and transportation occupations. Results by industry were consistent with occupation results. Associations were identified for white‐collar, agriculture, protective services, construction, and transportation occupations. These findings emphasize the need for further study of job‐related exposures and the potential influence of nonoccupational factors such as screening practices.
The impact of comorbidity on overall survival in elderly nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients: a National Cancer Data Base analysis
Authors: Huang Ying , Chen Wei , Haque Waqar , Verma Vivek , Xing Yan , Teh Bin S. , Brian Butler Edward
Published: March 2018

The number of elderly patients with cancer is increasing. Medical comorbidities are more common in this population. Little is known regarding the prognostic relevance of comorbidities in elderly patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Using the National Cancer Data Base (NCDB), we queried patients age >65 years diagnosed with NPC and treated with definitive radiation between 2004 and 2012 to examine the association between comorbidity and survival outcomes. Comorbidity was assessed with the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI). The influence of comorbidity on overall survival (OS) was evaluated. Cox proportional hazards model was used to study the impact of comorbidity on OS. A total of 1137 patients met the specified criteria. Median follow‐up was 61.2 months. Five‐year OS was 50.4%. Comorbidities were present in 22.4% of patients, with 17.6% of patients having a CCI score of 1% and 4.8% having a CCI score of ≥2. Patients with a CCI score of 0 had significantly higher 5‐year OS than patients with a CCI score of 1 or ≥2 (53.1% vs. 42.2% vs. 32.9%, P < 0.001). In multivariate analysis, CCI was a statistically significant independent prognostic factor for the risk of death of all causes for patients with a CCI score of 1 (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.242; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.002–1.539) or CCI score of ≥2 (HR: 1.625; 95% CI: 1.157–2.283) when compared to patients with a CCI score of 0. Comorbidity as measured by CCI is a strong independent prognostic factor for OS in elderly patients with NPC and lends support to the inclusion of comorbidity assessment due to its prognostic value when treating elderly patients with NPC.
Social class and the therapeutic relationship: The perspective of therapists as clients. A qualitative study using a questionnaire survey
Authors: Trott Alison , Reeves Andrew
Published: March 2018

Background

This research aimed to explore clients’ perceptions of the impact of social class and whether, if so how, perceived social class disparities impact upon the therapeutic relationship.

Method

A total of 45 completed questionnaires, via an online survey, were returned, comprising 30 middle‐class and 15 working‐class qualified and practising therapists from their role as client. A quasi‐phenomenological approach was taken and thematic analysis used to interrogate the data.

Findings

Four primary themes were identified as follows: (1) Perceptions of own social class; (2) Social class as a facilitative aspect of therapy; (3) Negative impact of social class on therapy; and (4) Clients perceptions of their therapeutic relationship. The findings show that where there was social class disparity, it was the explicit recognition and acknowledgement of disparity that were shown to have a positive impact on the client; improving equality, increasing rapport and enabling greater psychological growth.

Implications for practice

Therapists’ lack of awareness of social class was shown to lead to inadvertent oppressive and/or classist behaviour. For a client to take full benefit from therapy, therapists must recognise the importance of social class and classism and their impact upon the therapeutic relationship, and be prepared to attend to these dynamics when appropriate.

Conclusions

Though many respondents thought social class was an irrelevant factor within their therapeutic relationship, this study illustrates that social class was a silent but powerful force affecting clients’ feelings of equality and the effectiveness of therapy.
The N‐Terminal Domain of the Pullulanase from Anoxybacillus sp. WB42 Modulates Enzyme Specificity and Thermostability
Authors: Wang Jianfeng , Liu Zhongmei , Zhou Zhemin
Published: March 2018

Anoxybacillus sp. WB42 pullulanase (PulWB42) is a novel thermophilic amylopullulanase that was assigned to the glycoside hydrolase family 13 subfamily 14 (GH13_14) type I pullulanases in the carbohydrate‐active enzymes database. Its N‐terminal domain (Met1–Phe101) was identified as the carbohydrate‐binding module 68 (CBM68) by homology modeling. The N‐domain‐deleted PulWB42 exhibited an equivalent Michaelis constant (Km) for pullulan and significant decreases in pullulytic activity, amylose selectivity, and thermostability relative to PulWB42 having a high α‐amylase‐to‐pullulanase activity ratio. Furthermore, the replacement of Ala90 or Arg93 significantly changed the substrate specificity and catalytic efficiency of PulWB42, whereas Q87A, L173D, and H5A/R6A/T7A showed improvements in thermostability and changes in catalytic kinetics. Therefore, the N domain of PulWB42 is not essential for catalysis, but it does modulate enzyme catalysis, especially with respect to substrate specificity. The modulation was achieved mainly by the Leu86–Arg93 segment adjacent to the CBM48 domain and the catalytic A domain in the modeled structure of PulWB42.
kNN based on probability density for fault detection in multimodal processes
Authors: Guo Jinyu , Wang Xin , Li Yuan
Published: March 2018

Recently, k‐nearest neighbor rules (kNN) have drawn increasing attention for fault detection of multimodal industrial processes. However, the traditional kNN method performs poorly for weak faults in a dense mode when the dispersion degree of each mode is quite different. The reason is that the kNN statistics of weak faults are usually submerged by those of normal data in a mode with a high dispersion degree. To improve the fault detection performance of kNN in this case, this paper proposes a new multimodal fault detection method of kNN based on probability density. The proposed method does not need to consider the different degrees of dispersion between modes and avoids the problem of weak faults in a mode that has a low dispersion degree that is submerged by normal data in a mode with a high dispersion degree. A multimodal numerical example with different dispersion degrees of each mode and an industrial application in a semiconductor manufacturing process are used to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method shows better fault detection performance than the kNN, local outlier factor, and weighted difference principal component analysis methods.
Cp2TiX Complexes for Sustainable Catalysis in Single‐Electron Steps
Authors: Richrath Ruben B. , Olyschläger Theresa , Hildebrandt Sven , Enny Daniel G. , Fianu Godfred D. , Flowers Robert A. , Gansäuer Andreas
Published: March 2018

Invited for the cover of this issue are the groups of Robert Flowers at Lehigh University and Andreas Gansäuer at Universität Bonn. The image depicts a titanocene complex picking the best “fruit” from a selection of anions for catalysis. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.201705707.
Development of a Two‐Tier Fibrous Membrane by Sequential Electrospinning for Effective Air Filtration
Authors: Ramachandran Sowndarya , Rajiv Sheeja
Published: March 2018

In the current work, a strategy to fabricate two‐tier structured poly l‐lactide/TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) incorporated polyvinylpyrrolidone (PLLA/PVP‐TiO2 NPs) fibrous membrane for air filtration via sequential electrospinning technique are reported. Anatase TiO2 NPs ranging from 90 to 105 nm in size were synthesized by the sol–gel method. The diameter of PLLA and PVP‐TiO2 NPs fibers was in the range of 1.15–1.45 and 1.8–2.2 μm, respectively. This two‐tier membrane possessed thermal stability with decomposition temperatures at 364.2 and 447.5 °C for PLLA and PVP‐TiO2, respectively. Gas molecules such as CO, CO2, O2, hydrocarbon (HC) and particulate matter (PM) were adsorbed on the surface of TiO2 nanoparticles as confirmed by IR spectroscopy. The gas adsorption results revealed that 89% of CO2, 80% of CO, 64% of O2, 92% of HC, and 79% of PM were adsorbed after filtration. The pressure drop across the membrane increased from 265 to 341 Pa after filtration. The dust‐loading capacity was quantified by weighing the membrane at regular intervals after exposing it to the exhaust. Adsorption of gases followed the pseudo‐second order kinetic model and intraparticle diffusion mechanism. This two‐tier membrane may be an efficient air filter for domestic and industrial purposes.
Automatic translation from Java to Spark
Authors: Li Bing , Xiao Xueli , Pan Yi
Published: March 2018

Cloud computing is a powerful infrastructure tool for scientific computing and research and attracts many developers to deploy their products on it. Code migration from local to cloud servers is a significant challenge for all companies and organizations that have many legacy programs. Compared to the de novo development method, the automatic translation is more productive and economical. In this paper, a new Java to Spark (J2S) translator is introduced to achieve the automatic translation from sequential Java code to Spark cloud application, which can translate three types of computing intensive programs. The evaluation experiments demonstrate that these translations significantly improve the source program performance in their domains. It is believed that it is a new step in the automatic code migration era of cloud computing.
Dynamic behavior of different quantities of osteoblasts during formation of micromass cultures
Authors: Schäfer Susanne , Urban Kent , Gerber Maria , Dekiff Markus , Dirksen Dieter , Plate Ulrich
Published: March 2018

Implantation of micromass cultures of osteoblastic cells offers the possibility of scaffold free tissue engineering for example, regeneration of bone defects. However, the details of cell dynamics during the formation of these micromasses are still not well understood. This study aims to investigate and clarify the extent to which cell quantity influences the dynamics of micromass formation of osteoblastic cell cultures. For this purpose, the migration and aggregation during this process are investigated by optical inspection employing image processing software that allows for automated tracking of cell groups using digital image correlation. An exponential time behavior is observed with respect to the velocity of the cells and the distance of the cells to their common center of gravity. Characteristic time constants are derived as quantitative measures of the cell dynamics. The results indicate that the time constants strongly depend on the quantity of cells, that is, will decrease with increasing cell quantity. © 2018 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Cytological investigation of a first case of basal cell adenocarcinoma arising in the minor salivary glands. Case report and review of the literature
Authors: Mokhniuk Kirill , Lesnik Maria , Klijanienko Jerzy
Published: March 2018

Basal cell adenocarcinoma (BCAC) of salivary glands is uncommon low‐grade malignancy. Only 19 cases of preoperative cytology were reported up to date. We present here a new case of BCAC arising in the minor salivary gland. Tumor was composed of clustered or isolated roundish, dark cells with small and regular nuclei. Chromatin was dusty with small nucleoli. Cytoplasm was gray and scant. Clusters showed typical and characteristic basal architecture with peripheral palisading neighboring eosinophilic basal membranes. A false‐negative diagnosis of basal cell adenoma was rendered. In our knowledge it is the first cytological description of BCAC arising in the minor salivary gland.
Postnatal development of lymphatic vasculature in the brain meninges
Authors: Izen Rebecca M. , Yamazaki Tomoko , Nishinaka‐Arai Yoko , Hong Young‐Kwon , Mukouyama Yoh‐Suke
Published: March 2018

Background: Traditionally, the central nervous system (CNS) has been viewed as an immune‐privileged environment with no lymphatic vessels. This view was partially overturned by the discovery of lymphatic vessels in the dural membrane that surrounds the brain, in contact with the interior surface of the skull. We here examine the distribution and developmental timing of these lymphatic vessels. Results: Using the Prox1‐GFP BAC transgenic reporter and immunostaining with antibodies to lymphatic markers LYVE‐1, Prox1, and Podoplanin, we have carried out whole‐mount imaging of dural lymphatic vasculature at postnatal stages. We have found that between birth and postnatal day (P) 13, lymphatic vessels extend alongside dural blood vessels from the side of the skull toward the midline. Between P13 and P20, lymphatic vessels along the transverse sinuses reach the superior sagittal sinus (SSS) and extend along the SSS toward the olfactory bulb. Conclusions: Compared with the embryonic developmental timing of lymphatic vessels in other tissues, e.g. skin, dural lymphatic vessel development is dramatically delayed. This study provides useful anatomical data for continuing investigations of the fundamental mechanisms that underlie dural lymphatic vessel development. Developmental Dynamics 247:741–753, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Outcomes of low‐weight patients with avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder and anorexia nervosa at long‐term follow‐up after treatment in a partial hospitalization program for eating disorders
Authors: Bryson Amanda E. , Scipioni Anna M. , Essayli Jamal H. , Mahoney Johnna R. , Ornstein Rollyn M.
Published: March 2018

Objective

To assess long‐term outcomes of patients with avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) treated in a partial hospitalization program (PHP) for eating disorders (ED).

Method

A cross‐sectional study comparing patients with ARFID to those with anorexia nervosa (AN) who had been discharged from a PHP for at least 12 months was performed. Percent median body mass index (%MBMI), scores on the Children's Eating Attitudes Test (ChEAT), and treatment utilization were assessed, with intake and discharge data collected via retrospective chart review.

Results

Of the 137 eligible patients, 62 (45.3%) consented to follow‐up data collection. Patients with ARFID and AN exhibited similar increases in %MBMI from intake to discharge and reported low scores on the ChEAT by discharge. Patients with ARFID and AN maintained good weight outcomes and low ChEAT scores at follow‐up. Most participants were still receiving outpatient treatment from a variety of providers, although fewer with ARFID than AN continued to receive services from our multidisciplinary ED clinic.

Discussion

Patients with ARFID and AN exhibit similar improvements in %MBMI when treated in the same PHP and appear to maintain treatment gains at long‐term follow‐up. Additionally, most patients continue to utilize outpatient services after being discharged from a PHP.
Range Extension Autonomous Driving for Electric Vehicle Based on Optimal Vehicle Velocity Profile in Consideration of Cornering
Authors: Ikezawa Yuta , Fujimoto Hiroshi , Kawano Daisuke , Goto Yuichi , Takeda Yusuke , Sato Koji
Published: March 2018

Electric vehicles (EVs) have been intensively studied in the last decade due to their environment‐friendly characteristics. However, the miles‐per‐charge of EVs is less than that of internal combustion engine vehicles. To improve the miles‐per‐charge, the authors’ group proposed a Range Extension Autonomous Driving (READ) system that minimizes consumption energy by optimizing the velocity profile. However, conventional systems can be applied to driving on only straight roads. Therefore, this study extends READ system to be applied to driving not only on straight roads but also on curved roads by modeling the vehicle rotation motion and the cornering resistance. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by simulations and experiments.
Direct comparison of ultrafiltration to pharmacological decongestion in heart failure: a per‐protocol analysis of CARRESS‐HF
Authors: Grodin Justin L. , Carter Spencer , Bart Bradley A. , Goldsmith Steven R. , Drazner Mark H. , Tang W.H. Wilson
Published: March 2018

Aims

Mechanical ultrafiltration (UF) involves the removal of an iso‐osmotic filtrate from the blood. Its benefit in acute decompensated heart failure, however, remains inconclusive. We sought to better understand the direct effects of UF in comparison to an aggressive, urine output‐guided pharmacological protocol for decongestion on fluid loss, renal function, and neurohormonal activation.

Methods and results

A per‐protocol analysis of the Cardiorenal Rescue Study in Acute Decompensated Heart Failure (CARRESS‐HF) trial (n = 188) was performed. Participants were included if randomized to UF and had UF output collected, or if randomized to the pharmacological arm and had urine but not UF output collected. Using these definitions, there were 163 participants at 24 h, 156 at 48 h, 129 at 72 h, and 106 at 96 h. UF was associated with higher cumulative fluid loss (P = 0.003), net fluid loss (P = 0.001), and relative reduction in weight (P = 0.02). UF was also associated with higher serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen by 72 h (P‐interaction <0.05 for both), lower serum sodium by 48 h (P‐interaction <0.01) and increased plasma renin activity by 96 h (P = 0.04). The pharmacological arm was associated with higher serum bicarbonate after 24 h (P‐interaction <0.002). There were no differences in 60‐day outcomes between the UF and pharmacological arms.

Conclusions

Ultrafiltration vs. pharmacological therapy was associated with more fluid removal but also rise in serum creatinine and neurohormonal activation. Additionally, loop diuretic use vs. UF was associated with an increase in serum bicarbonate despite less decongestion, data which question the commonly held conception of a ‘contraction alkalosis’.
Derangements in adrenergic–adipokine signalling establish a neurohormonal basis for obesity‐related heart failure with a preserved ejection fraction
Authors: Packer Milton
Published: March 2018

Among patients with heart failure and a preserved ejection (HFpEF), obesity is associated with a distinct phenotype that is characterized by adiposity‐driven plasma volume expansion and cardiac overfilling, which is coupled with an impairment of ventricular distensibility. These pathophysiological abnormalities may be related to the increased actions of specific adipocyte‐derived signalling molecules (aldosterone, neprilysin and leptin) that work in concert with increased renal sympathetic nerve traffic and activated beta2‐adrenergic receptors to promote sodium retention, microvascular rarefaction, cardiac fibrosis and systemic inflammation. This interplay leads to striking activation of the mineralocorticoid receptor, possibly explaining why obese patients with heart failure are most likely to benefit from spironolactone and eplerenone in large‐scale clinical trials. Additionally, adipocytes express and release neprilysin, which (by degrading endogenous natriuretic peptides) can further promote plasma volume expansion and cardiac fibrosis. Heightened neprilysin activity may explain the low circulating levels of natriuretic peptides in obesity, the accelerated breakdown of natriuretic peptides in HFpEF, and the cardiac decompression following neprilysin inhibition in HFpEF patients who are obese. Furthermore, as adipose tissue accumulates and becomes dysfunctional, its secretion of leptin promotes renal sodium retention, microvascular changes and fibrotic processes in the heart, and systemic inflammation; these effects may be mediated or potentiated by the activation of beta2‐adrenergic receptors. These adrenergic–adipokine interactions provide a mechanistic framework for novel therapeutic strategies to alleviate the pathophysiological abnormalities of obesity‐related HFpEF. Ongoing trials are well‐positioned to test this hypothesis.
Schiff Base Ligands Derived from l‐Histidine Methyl Ester: Characterization, Racemization, and Dimerization of Their Transition‐Metal Complexes
Authors: Ogawa Rina , Sunatsuki Yukinari , Suzuki Takayoshi
Published: March 2018

Reactions of methyl (S)‐2‐[(2‐hydroxybenzylidene)amino]‐3‐(1H‐imidazol‐4‐yl)propanoate (S‐H2LMe) and various transition‐metal(II) salts (MX2: M = Mn, Fe, Co, and Ni; X = ClO4, Cl, OAc, etc.) are examined. During the reactions with MnII and CoII salts, the MII ion is oxidized by air to form a cationic complex with two mono‐deprotonated ligands, [MIII(S‐HLMe)2]X [M, X = Mn, ClO4 (S‐1ClO4); Co, ClO4 (S‐3ClO4); and Co, Cl (S‐3Cl)], where (S‐HLMe)– is coordinated to a MIII center in a tridentate κ3O,N,N′ mode with a mer configuration. In contrast, the NiII ion is not oxidized; only one of the ligands is deprotonated to form a similar monocationic complex, [NiII(S‐HLMe)(S‐H2LMe)]PF6 (S‐6PF6), which forms a dimer structure by double hydrogen bonds between the coordinating phenoxide and phenol groups in the crystal. Interestingly, the above complexes show slow racemization of the ligand, as confirmed by circular dichroism spectroscopy. Racemic NiII complexes of [Ni(HLMe)(H2LMe)](PF6 or Cl) (rac‐6PF6 or rac‐6Cl) are isolated and their crystal structures are confirmed by X‐ray diffraction analysis. In the case where Co(OAc)2 is used as the metal(II) salt, a new ligand dimerization reaction takes place to afford a complex of [Co(H2LLMe)]Cl (7Cl, H4LLMe = methyl (E)‐3‐{[3‐(1H‐imidazol‐4‐yl)‐1‐methoxy‐1‐oxopropano‐2‐yl]amino}‐2‐[(1H‐imidazol‐4‐yl)methyl]‐2‐[(2‐hydroxybenzylidene)amino]‐3‐(2‐hydroxyphenyl)propanoate).
Synthesis of [14]Oxatriphyrins(2.1.1) and Their Transformation into Ethane‐Bridged Oxatripyrrins by Boron Complexation
Authors: Kuzuhara Daiki , Kawatsu Shinsuke , Furukawa Wataru , Hayashi Hironobu , Aratani Naoki , Yamada Hiroko
Published: March 2018

[14]Oxatriphyrins(2.1.1) incorporating a furan moiety in the macrocycle have been synthesized by intramolecular McMurry coupling of oxatripyrromethane followed by oxidation. The [14]oxatriphyrins(2.1.1) are highly planar structures with 14π‐electron aromaticity, inducing typical porphyrin‐like absorption and fluorescence features. Compared with [14]thiatriphyrin(2.1.1) and arene‐fused oxatriphyrins(2.1.1), arene‐unperturbed [14]oxatriphyrins(2.1.1) exhibit stronger aromatic characteristics and fluorescence properties. The borylation of [14]oxatriphyrins(2.1.1) with dichloro(phenyl)borane resulted in the formation of boron complexes with a reduced olefin bridge. As a result of the reduction, the macrocycles of these boron complexes lost their aromatic properties, although the targeted boron complexes were predicted to have distinct anti‐aromatic properties by DFT calculations. The resultant ethane‐bridged oxatripyrrins exhibit intense emission because of their rigid structures.
Development of an in situ‐Product Crystallization (ISPC)‐Concept to Shift the Reaction Equilibria of Selected Amine Transaminase‐Catalyzed Reactions
Authors: Hülsewede Dennis , Tänzler Marco , Süss Philipp , Mildner Andrea , Menyes Ulf , von Langermann Jan
Published: March 2018

The synthesis of enantiopure amines via amine transaminases involves several challenges including unfavorable reaction equilibria and product inhibition. Described here is a non‐catalytic approach to overcome such problems by using an in situ‐product crystallization (ISPC) to selectively remove a targeted product amine from an amine transaminase‐catalyzed reaction. The continuous removal of the product amine from its reaction solution as a barely soluble salt effectively yields a displacement of the reaction equilibrium towards the products and facilitates a simple downstream processing approach via filtration. The targeted product amine is eventually obtained from the salt, while the counterion compound can be easily recycled.
Organocatalytic Enantioselective Decarboxylative Protonation Reaction of Meldrum's Acid Derivatives under PTC Conditions
Authors: Legros Fabien , Martzel Thomas , Brière Jean‐François , Oudeyer Sylvain , Levacher Vincent
Published: March 2018

An original organocatalyzed enantioselective protonation sequence of a transient quaternary ammonium enolate species has been developed by starting from readily available disubstituted Meldrum's acid derivatives and phenols. Under phase‐transfer‐catalytic (PTC) conditions, chiral nonracemic 2‐aryl propionic ester derivatives were obtained in good isolated yields with enantioselectivities up to 70 % ee. The usefulness of the approach was demonstrated by the synthesis of enantioenriched (S)‐ibuprofen.
Pt‐Sn Nanoparticles Supported on Carbon Nanodots as Anode Catalysts for Alcohol Electro‐oxidation in Acidic Conditions
Authors: Gwebu Sandile Surprise , Nomngongo Philiswa Nosizo , Maxakato Nobanathi Wendy
Published: March 2018

The Pt‐Sn/CNDs electrocatalyst was synthesized by the alcohol reduction method with the aim to reduce platinum loading and improve electroactivity. XPS results showed that the nanoparticles were present in the form of Pt‐Sn metallic alloy with a significant amount of SnO‐ species which facilitate the rapid oxidation of CO intermediates. The lattice parameter of Pt in Pt‐Sn/CNDs electrocatalyst was calculated to be 0.3926 nm; this value is higher than 0.3921 nm, the lattice parameter of Pt in Pt/CNDs electrocatalyst. XRD results proved that incorporating tin (Sn) into the Pt/CNDs electrocatalyst modifies the face centred cubic shape of platinum to a crystalline structure which improves the alcohol electro‐oxidation reactions. The electrochemical tests proved that the Pt‐Sn/CNDs electrocatalyst exhibited high current densities and lower poisoning rates compared to the Pt/CNDs and Pt/C electrocatalysts. The Pt‐Sn/CNDs electrocatalyst showed the greatest electroactivity for both methanol and ethanol electro‐oxidation reactions.
Adverse outcome pathway networks II: Network analytics
Authors: Villeneuve Daniel L. , Angrish Michelle M. , Fortin Marie C. , Katsiadaki Ioanna , Leonard Marc , Margiotta-Casaluci Luigi , Munn Sharon , O'Brien Jason M. , Pollesch Nathan L. , Smith L. Cody , Zhang Xiaowei , Knapen Dries
Published: March 2018

Toxicological responses to stressors are more complex than the simple one-biological-perturbation to one-adverse-outcome model portrayed by individual adverse outcome pathways (AOPs). Consequently, the AOP framework was designed to facilitate de facto development of AOP networks that can aid in the understanding and prediction of pleiotropic and interactive effects more common to environmentally realistic, complex exposure scenarios. The present study introduces nascent concepts related to the qualitative analysis of AOP networks. First, graph theory–based approaches for identifying important topological features are illustrated using 2 example AOP networks derived from existing AOP descriptions. Second, considerations for identifying the most significant path(s) through an AOP network from either a biological or risk assessment perspective are described. Finally, approaches for identifying interactions among AOPs that may result in additive, synergistic, or antagonistic responses (or previously undefined emergent patterns of response) are introduced. Along with a companion article (part I), these concepts set the stage for the development of tools and case studies that will facilitate more rigorous analysis of AOP networks, and the utility of AOP network-based predictions, for use in research and regulatory decision-making. The present study addresses one of the major themes identified through a Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry Horizon Scanning effort focused on advancing the AOP framework. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:1734–1748. © 2018 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of SETAC. This article is a US government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America.

Abstract
On the performance of asymmetric SIM‐based RF/FSO system with MIMO DF relaying
Authors: Singhal Neha , Bansal Ankur , Kumar Ashwni
Published: March 2018

In this paper, we consider the asymmetric dual‐hop radio frequency (RF) and free‐space optical (FSO) wireless communication system with a decode‐and‐forward–based multiple‐input–multiple‐output relay over the Nakagami‐m/Generalized‐K(
) distribution. The
distribution is a generic statistical model, which has been used for a wide range of atmospheric turbulence–induced fading in FSO communication. The coefficients of the RF hop are considered to be independent and nonidentically distributed with the Nakagami‐m distribution, and the coefficients of FSO hop are considered to be independent and identically distributed. We also consider the path loss and misalignment error effect in FSO hop. We derive the approximate closed‐form expression of the symbol error probability and outage probability in terms of the Meijer G function for the considered mixed decode‐and‐forward RF/FSO system. The closed‐form expressions of the conditional symbol error probability and outage probability are also derived for the considered system while taking into account the effect of a misalignment error. We have also analyzed the considered system for high signal‐to‐noise ratio conditions. In addition, the diversity order of the considered system is also obtained analytically.
Different magma sources and evolutions of white and black pumice from the middle Okinawa Trough: Evidence from major, trace elements and Sr–Nd–Pb isotopes
Authors: Guo Kun , Shu Yunchao , Wang Xiaoyuan , Liu Qian , Yin Xuebo , Chen Shuai , Chen Zuxing , Zhang Guangxu
Published: March 2018

The Okinawa Trough (OT) is a back‐arc, initial marginal sea basin that is located behind the Ryukyu arc–trench system. Pumice, including both white and black pumice, is the most widely distributed magmatic rock in the OT. Here, the major and trace element concentrations and Sr–Nd–Pb isotopic compositions of the white and black pumice from the middle OT (MOT) are presented and combined with previously published elemental data for volcanic rocks from the MOT. Their different magma sources and magmatic evolutions are discussed, and their different magma chamber structures are provided in this paper. These results demonstrate that the white pumice has two magma sources: One was produced by the crystallization‐based differentiation of basaltic magma, and the other was produced by the assimilation‐fractional crystallization (AFC; with less than 5% contamination) of basaltic magma. The black pumice also includes two magma sources: One is similar to that of the first white pumice, whereas the other was produced by basaltic magma that experienced more than 20% upper crustal contamination. There are two different structure magma chambers for white and black pumice in the MOT crust: The deeper one generated no contaminated pumice, whereas the shallow one generated contaminated black pumice. The contamination of the white pumice (<5%) may have occurred during the eruption of magma on the seafloor, rather than in the magma chamber. Different magma sources and evolutions of white and black pumice imply the complexity of magmatism in the Okinawa Trough.
Aging‐associated changes in hippocampal glycogen metabolism in mice. Evidence for and against astrocyte‐to‐neuron lactate shuttle
Authors: Drulis‐Fajdasz Dominika , Gizak Agnieszka , Wójtowicz Tomasz , Wiśniewski Jacek R. , Rakus Dariusz
Published: March 2018

Lactate derived from astrocytic glycogen has been shown to support memory formation in hippocampi of young animals, inhibiting it in old animals. Here we show, using quantitative mass spectrometry‐based proteomics, immunofluorescence, and qPCR that aging is associated with an increase of glycogen metabolism enzymes concentration and shift in their localization from astrocytes to neurons. These changes are accompanied with reorganization of hippocampal energy metabolism which is manifested by elevated capacity of aging neurons to oxidize glucose in glycolysis and mitochondria, and decreased ability for fatty acids utilization. Our observations suggest that astrocyte‐to‐neuron lactate shuttle may operate in young hippocampi, however, during aging neurons become independent on astrocytic lactate and the metabolic crosstalk between the brain's cells is disrupted.