bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Potencial do serviço ecossistêmico de polinização: no estado de São Paulo
Authors:   Universidade de São Paulo. Instituto de Estudos Avançados, Moreira Eduardo Freitas , Tourinho Luara ,   Universidade de São Paulo. Instituto de Estudos Avançados, Chaves Rafael B. ,   Secretaria de Meio Ambiente. Infraestrutura e Logística do Estado de São Paulo, Viana Blandina Felipe ,   Universidade Federal da Bahia, Menezes Cristiano ,   Embrapa Meio Ambiente, Agostini Kayna ,   Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Abreu Camila Matias Goes de ,   Secretaria de Meio Ambiente. Infraestrutura e Logística do Estado de São Paulo, Azevedo Cristina Maria do Amaral ,   Secretaria de Meio Ambiente. Infraestrutura e Logística do Estado de São Paulo, Lopes Luciano Elsinor ,   Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Ivanauskas Natália Macedo ,   Secretaria de Meio Ambiente. Infraestrutura e Logística do Estado de São Paulo, Metzger Jean Paul ,   Universidade de São Paulo. Instituto de Biociências, Boscolo Danilo ,   Universidade de São Paulo. Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto
Published: December 2024

Esta Nota Técnico-Científica 5 integra a Série Biota Síntese e aborda o potencial da polinização como abordagem promissora para a biodiversidade e relevância para as atividades agrícolas. Entre os Serviços Ecossistêmicos (SE) providos pela biodiversidade, a polinização é um dos mais estudados. Apesar de ser avaliada como altamente relevante para as atividades agrícolas, a maioria das abordagens de valoração desse serviço considera poucas dimensões de sua complexidade, baseando-se apenas na estimativa do nível de dependência dos polinizadores de cada cultura, multiplicada pelo valor da produção agrícola. O objetivo deste documento é apresentar um modelo de provisão potencial de polinização considerando a localização de cultivos e áreas de vegetação nativa, baseado na conexão entre oferta, fluxo e demanda, bem como valorar esse serviço para a produção agrícola do estado de São Paulo. Esse modelo, desenvolvido no âmbito do programa Biota Síntese, supera muitas das deficiências das abordagens tradicionais ao estimar a provisão da polinização. O modelo foi elaborado e aplicado para todo o estado de São Paulo, de forma a possibilitar a identificação de possíveis aderências e desafios para sua incorporação e utilização em políticas públicas paulistas.
Serum GFAP and UCH-L1 Levels for the Assessment of the Absence of Hemorrhagic Transformation: A Multicenter Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Guo Zhen-Ni , Qu Yang , Abuduxukuer Reziya , Jin Hang , Zhang Peng , Wang Jing , Zhang Ke-Jia , Qi Shuang , Zheng Xiang-Yu , Zhang Yu , Gao Jian-Hua , Pan De-Wang , Liu Xiao-Dong , Li Chun-Ying , Chen Li-Ping , Chen Jin-Hua , Gu Ji-Liang , Wang An-Ying , Jiang Ligang , Liu Liang , Jiang Yongfei , Wang Chun-Fei , Jia Yan , Xin Hong , Jiang Chun-Li , Qi Ying-Bin , Hu Xue-Feng , Li Song , Sun Xin , Nguyen Thanh N. , Yang Yi , Wang Lijuan , Chen Yu-Mei , Zhang Xian-Kun , Yuan Zhi-Mei , Ju Dong-Sheng , Cheng Xiao-Ying , Wang Junmin , Li Yang , Gu Yan-Qiu , Zhao Li-Li , Dong Chen-Peng , Liu Li , Teng Rui-Hong , Wang Cui , Liu Xue , Dong Yang , He Ling , Pang Meng
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND:

Currently, validated biomarkers for assessing hemorrhagic transformation (HT) after intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) are lacking. We aimed to validate a test combining GFAP (glial fibrillary acidic protein) and UCH-L1 (ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase-L1) to indicate the absence of HT after IVT.

METHODS:

We prospectively enrolled consecutive patients with stroke treated with IVT from 16 hospitals. Serum GFAP and UCH-L1 levels were measured 24 hours after IVT. Cases from 1 hospital were randomly assigned to the training (70%) and testing (30%) cohorts for internal validation. The external validation cohort included patients from the other 15 hospitals. Cutoff levels of GFAP and UCH-L1 for assessing the absence of HT were established in the training cohort and subjected to internal and external verification.

RESULTS:

A total of 1063 patients were included. Both GFAP and UCH-L1 levels were independently associated with HT, infarct volume, and 3-month outcome; levels lower than cutoff (12.6 and 63.1 pg/mL, respectively) excluded patients with HT with a negative predictive value of 98.31% (95% CI, 89.70%–99.91%) and detection sensitivity of 98.08% (95% CI, 88.42%–99.90%) in the training cohort. In the testing and validation cohorts, negative predictive value was 100% (95% CI, 75.93%–100%) and 100% (95% CI, 82.19%–100%), respectively, and the sensitivity was 100% (95% CI, 80.76%–100%) and 100% (95% CI, 77.08%–100%), respectively.

CONCLUSIONS:

Serum GFAP and UCH-L1 levels exhibit high sensitivity and negative predictive value for indicating the absence of HT 24 hours after IVT, which supports their potential role in assessing patients’ condition after IVT.
Recanalization Does Not Always Equate to Reperfusion: No-Reflow Phenomenon After Successful Thrombectomy
Authors: Horie Nobutaka , Inoue Manabu , Morimoto Takeshi , Sadakata Eisaku , Okamura Kazuaki , Morofuji Yoichi , Hara Takeshi , Kuwabara Masashi , Kondo Hiroshi , Ishii Daizo
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND:

Thrombectomy for acute large vessel occlusion is a well-established treatment for stroke prevention. However, futile recanalization cases, where no-reflow occurs despite successful recanalization, have been reported. This study aimed to assess cerebral hemodynamics immediately after thrombectomy and their relationship with clinical outcomes.

METHODS:

We prospectively enrolled patients who underwent successful thrombectomy (modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction [TICI] ≥2b) for internal carotid artery or middle cerebral artery occlusions at Nagasaki University Hospital between January 2021 and December 2023. Preoperative magnetic resonance imaging was performed, followed by flat-panel computed tomography perfusion 30 minutes after recanalization. Areas with cerebral blood flow <45%, Tmax >6 seconds, and cerebral blood volume <34%, 38%, and 42% were analyzed, and hypoperfusion intensity ratio and cerebral blood volume index were calculated using Rapid ANGIO. We assessed the correlation of these parameters with infarct expansion, hemorrhagic transformation, and poor outcomes, defined as modified Rankin Scale scores of 4 to 6, at 3 months.

RESULTS:

A total of 65 cases were analyzed. Infarct expansion, defined as a decrease in Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score, occurred in 23 cases (12/28 TICI 2b and 11/37 TICI 2c/3). No-reflow, defined as Tmax >6 seconds, was observed in 80% of cases (52/65), regardless of TICI grade. The infarct expansion group in TICI 2b had a significantly larger residual cerebral blood flow <45% area (32.9±30.4 versus 10.6±14.5 mL) and a lower cerebral blood volume index (0.71±0.2 versus 0.92±0.2). Cerebral blood flow <45% (r=−0.57;
P
<0.001) and cerebral blood volume <34% (r=−0.40;
P
=0.001), not Tmax >6 seconds, negatively correlated with postoperative Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score. In logistic regression analysis, cerebral blood flow <45% was an independent predictor of poor outcomes (adjusted odds ratio, 1.05 [95% CI, 1.00–1.11];
P
=0.039).

CONCLUSIONS:

No-reflow is common after thrombectomy, suggesting that successful recanalization does not always result in immediate tissue reperfusion. Hemodynamic impairment postthrombectomy may persist, highlighting the need for adjunctive treatments.
Ischemic Stroke in Users of Combined Hormonal Contraceptives: A Danish Registry Study
Authors: Letnar Gasper , Andersen Klaus Kaae , Olsen Tom Skyhøj
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND:

The combined hormonal contraceptive (CHC) with ethinylestradiol and progestins is the most widely used contraceptive method among young women and is used by millions worldwide. However, uncertainties exist about the risk of ischemic stroke associated with the use of CHCs with low-dose ethinylestradiol (<50-µg ethinylestradiol) and with the newest fourth-generation progestins that have only been sparsely investigated for the risk of ischemic stroke.

METHODS:

In this cohort study based on Danish registries covering the entire Danish female population aged 18 to 49 years from 2004 to 2021, we investigated incidence rate ratios (IRRs) of ischemic stroke using CHCs compared with nonuse of hormonal contraceptives. Analyses focused on comparing CHCs based on ethinylestradiol content (30–40- versus ≤20-μg ethinylestradiol), progestin generation (second, third, and fourth) in CHCs, and route of administration (monophasic versus sequential). Poisson regression models adjusting for age, education, ethnicity, calendar year, and medication used for risk factors were utilized.

RESULTS:

In total, 1 711 757 nonpregnant women contributed 14 697 788 person-years to the investigation. For users of CHCs containing <50-µg ethinylestradiol, the adjusted IRR was increased by 1.77 (95% CI, 1.62–1.93) compared with nonusers of hormonal contraceptives. IRR did not differ between CHCs with 30- to 40- and ≤20-µg ethinylestradiol. Adjusted incidence rate difference between CHC users and nonusers of hormonal contraceptives ranged from 1 in 100 000 women per year in 18 to 24 years of age to 24 in 100 000 women per year in ≥45 years of age. Incidence rate in users of fourth-generation CHCs was 30% lower than that of second-generation CHCs adjusted IRR (0.70 [95% CI, 0.50–0.98]). IRR for users of third-generation CHCs did not differ significantly from that of second-generation users adjusted IRR (1.14 [95% CI, 0.97–1.35]).

CONCLUSIONS:

Use of CHCs was associated with a 1.77 higher IRR of ischemic stroke. IRR did not relate to ethinylestradiol content in users of CHCs with <50-µg ethinylestradiol. IRR was 30% lower in users of fourth-generation than in users of second-generation CHCs.
Word-selective EEG/MEG responses in the English language obtained with fast periodic visual stimulation (FPVS)
Authors: Hauk Olaf , Marchive Marion , Volfart Angelique , Schiltz Christine , Rossion Bruno , Ralph Matthew A. Lambon , Lochy Aliette
Published: December 2024

Fast periodic visual stimulation (FPVS) allows the objective measurement of brain responses of human word discrimination (i.e., reproducible word-category-selective responses) with a high signal-to-noise ratio. This approach has been successfully employed over the last decade in a number of scalp electroencephalography (EEG) studies. Three important advances for research on word-selective brain responses were achieved in the present study: (1) we extend previous evidence of robust word-category-selective responses to the English language, (2) report results for combined EEG and MEG signals, and (3) source estimation results. English words were presented periodically (2 Hz) among different types of letter strings (10 Hz; consonant strings, non-words, pseudo-words) while recording simultaneous EEG and MEG in 25 participants who performed a simple non-linguistic colour detection task. Data were analysed in sensor and in source space. With only 4 minutes of stimulation, we observed a robust word discrimination response in each condition, even when words were embedded in sequences of word-like pseudo-words. This response was larger in non-words and largest in consonant strings. We observed left-lateralised responses in all conditions in the majority of our participants. Cluster-based permutation tests revealed that these responses were left-lateralised in sensor as well as in source space, with peaks in left posterior regions. Our results demonstrate that the FPVS approach can elicit robust English word discrimination responses in EEG and MEG within only a few minutes of recording time. Together with source estimation, this can provide novel insights into the neural basis of visual word recognition in healthy and clinical populations.
Impacts of Re-export Demand on Benin’s Economy
Authors: Medenou Aristide , Lekoyo Arouna Ogouchôni
Published: December 2024

This article analyses the impact of re-export demand on the Beninese economy. Re-export is dominant in Benin’s trade and may represent risks to the economy’s vulnerability. The methodology uses a dynamic computable general equilibrium model. It simulates two scenarios: the first considers a one-off decline in re-export demand in the first year, while the second analyses the impact of a recurring annual shock. The results, both at the aggregate and sectoral levels, indicate that the decline in re-export demand would negatively affect real GDP, domestic and net external demand, and most industries. This article extends the existing knowledge on the re-export phenomenon by adding a dynamic analysis of its potential impact at the aggregate and sectoral levels. The results confirm that re-export is a source of vulnerability for the Beninese economy. The authorities should focus on diversifying the economy and strengthening the competitiveness of the Port of Cotonou, in order to mitigate vulnerabilities linked to re-export activities.

JEL Codes: C68, F17
Public Valuations of Managing Compromised Molars: A Discrete Choice Experiment
Authors: Taylor G.D. , Boyers D. , Exley C. , Innes N. , Vale L. , Vernazza C.R.
Published: December 2024

There is limited evidence to support optimal patient-centered management for compromised first permanent molars (cFPM) in children. Based on an online discrete choice experiment (DCE), this study elicits UK adult general population preferences and calculates willingness to pay (WTP) for pathways to manage cFPM. The DCE was designed with information from semistructured interviews and literature reviews, as well as focus groups with an expert panel of dentists, citizens, and policy makers. A statistically optimal D-efficient design generated 18 choice tasks, split across 2 blocks. Each respondent answered one block of 9 tasks to reduce survey fatigue. Choice tasks varied across 5 attributes: type of treatment, provider of care, who makes the management decision, number of future visits avoided, and cost. An opt-out was included (no treatment). Conditional logit models (fixed effects) were used for data analysis, and marginal WTP for each attribute level was calculated. An overall 430 respondents completed the DCE. Respondents valued children receiving care as compared with not. Restoring a cFPM was valued equally to spontaneous or orthodontic gap closure. In contrast, having a partial gap, prosthetic replacement with a bridge, or a full unit gap was valued less than restoration or full gap closure. General dentists were preferred to dentists with enhanced skills, but there was no evidence of a preference for general dentists over specialists in pediatric dentistry. Respondents preferred to be wholly or partly involved in the decision-making process as opposed to the dentist making the decision alone. Respondents preferred less costly treatments and the avoidance of future dental work. Dental care service providers must consider service user preferences for health and nonhealth outcomes in any service redesign. Furthermore, the results provide marginal WTP estimates that can be used to value dental care services.
How Do Repeat Domestic Tourists Cope with Evolving Railway Stationscapes? A Marketing-Based Exploration Using Servicescape and Onboarding Concepts
Authors: Paquier Marie-Catherine , El Euch Maalej Mariem , Deparis Martine
Published: December 2024

This article examines repeat domestic tourists frequently using the same railway station for leisure or workcation activities. Railway stations are continuously being revamped and shifted from the public to the market space due to the incorporation of retail and non-retail options. These changes oblige repeat domestic tourists to constantly adapt their journey and activities when waiting for their trains. Framed by servicescape and onboarding marketing concepts, and based on observations and interviews with repeat domestic tourists from two busy evolving Parisian railway stations, we first outline the notion of railway stationscape. Second, we reveal the three onboarding strategies—interaction, escape, and routine—repeat domestic tourists deploy in evolving stationscapes. The results emphasize the central smartphone role and the need for practitioners to reassure travelers and to provide them with free-of-charge and restorative cues when they onboard in an evolving stationscape.
Giant renal angiomyolipomas in tuberous sclerosis complex
Authors: Kodati Rakesh , Narahari Narendra Kumar , Balasubramanian Visweswaran , Vankayalapati Sriharish , Kapoor Anu , Gongati Parmajyothi
Published: December 2024

Angiomyolipomas are the benign tumours of the kidney which occur either sporadically or in association with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC). Symptoms typically develop with an increase in the size of the lesion. We present a clinical image of a patient with giant renal angiomyolipomas who had other clinical features of TSC (facial angiofibromas, periungual fibroma, subependymal nodules in the brain, and lung cysts).
Assessing the Expressive Communication of Young Children With Cerebral Visual Impairment and Additional Disabilities
Authors: Chen Deborah , Marques Wanderley Lissa , Nascimento Barros Leal Daena , Virgínia Santos de Oliveira Márcia , Maria Lopes de Freitas Tatiane , Francisca Miranda dos Santos Dourado Mônica , Rodrigues dos Santos Luciana , Ventura Liana O.
Published: December 2024

The expressive communication of 15 young Brazilian children with cerebral visual impairments and developmental disabilities including cerebral palsy was examined using the Portuguese parent version of the Communication Matrix. Results indicate that these children demonstrated pre-intentional, intentional, unconventional, and conventional communication behaviors to express refusal, requests, and social communication functions.
Audit of co-morbidity patterns and 5-year survival among patients presenting to a rapid access leg ulcer service
Authors: Ahmmad Ahmmad Alfatih , Mansoor Tayyaub , Joyce Doireann , Westby Daniel , Keohane Colum , O’Shaughnessy Marie , Walsh Stewart
Published: December 2024

Background: While leg ulceration is common, data regarding long-term is limited. Historical data indicate that approximately 50% of leg ulcer patients die within 5 years of presentation. However, little is known regarding survival outcomes in contemporary patient populations. This retrospective study aimed to assess 5-year survival in patients attending a vascular leg ulcer clinic. Objectives: To evaluate 5-year survival among patients with leg ulcers and to analyse the effect of ulcer aetiology and patient co-morbidities on survival. Methods: Over 30 months (2016 to 2018), 119 new patients were assessed at the leg ulcer clinic and followed over 5 years. Baseline co-morbidities, ulcer type, interventions performed, and 5-year survival were recorded. Survival was calculated using Kaplan-Meier curves. Co-morbid burden and survival were compared between venous and arterial/mixed patients. Results: Overall 5-year survival was 74%. Venous patients fared better than arterial/mixed patients (5-year mortality 16/88 vs 15/31; p < .01 log-rank test). Arterial/mixed patients had a greater burden of co-morbidities. In multivariate regression modelling, the presence of three or more co-morbidities at presentation was the only significant predictor of mortality. Conclusions: Overall, 5-year survival for leg ulcer patients has improved compared to historical data but remains static for arterial/mixed patients.
Haematometra arising from multiple abortions: a comprehensive case report
Authors: Yared Georges , Younis Ali , Al Hajj Khodor , El Hajjar Charlotte , Alakrah Wardah , Nakib Hamza , Massaad Christopher , Ghazal Kariman
Published: December 2024

Haematometra, a rare and delayed complication, can emerge following medical termination of pregnancy, also known as ‘postabortal post-caesarean syndrome’ or ‘redo syndrome’. Treatment requires the immediate evacuation of both liquid and clotted blood for quick resolution, followed by administration of an oxytocic agent to ensure complete recovery. This current report describes a female patient in her mid-30s who presented with colicky lower abdominal pain following a medically-induced abortion at 10 weeks. The case underscores the critical need for vigilance in detecting haematometra after abortion or caesarean delivery. Prompt recognition through symptoms and ultrasound, followed by immediate treatment, is essential to prevent severe complications such as infertility and ensure ongoing reproductive health.
Interventional closure in the treatment of cardiac cavity perforation caused by pericardial puncture: a case report
Authors: Sun Yue , Han Jingzhe , Kang Hongshan
Published: December 2024

Interventional treatment for left ventricular free wall or apex perforation is rarely reported. This current case report describes a male patient in his 70 s with left ventricular perforation caused by pericardiocentesis that was successfully treated through interventional means. The patient was admitted to the hospital due to chest pain accompanied by asthmatic breathing difficulties that had lasted for the previous 10 h. Two years previously, the patient had a history of thymoma, during which pericardial effusion was discovered, leading to multiple hospitalizations for pericardial fluid aspiration. On the 10th day of admission, a chest computed tomography scan confirmed iatrogenic left ventricular apical perforation and haemorrhagic anaemia, after which interventional transcatheter left ventricular perforation sealing was performed. Postoperatively, the patient was conscious, with stable vital signs and no particular discomfort. The successful implementation of this interventional procedure suggests a new minimally invasive solution for treating left ventricular perforation caused by pericardiocentesis or interventional catheterization.
The low-carbon economic scheduling method for regional integrated energy systems considering the joint integration of electric vehicles and concentrated solar power plants for wind power consumption
Authors: Yang Yulong , Li Songyuan , Zhang Ziye , Zhang Nan , Wang Songnan , Wu Xinge , Yan Han
Published: December 2024

In northern China, there is a serious problem of source-load imbalance and significant wind curtailment, mainly due to the limitations of the “heat determines electricity” mode of operation of combined heat and power (CHP) units in winter. To further absorb excess wind power and overcome these limitations, this paper proposes an optimized scheduling method for a regional integrated energy system (RIES) based on source-load coordination. Firstly, on the supply side, the paper introduces the concept of a concentrated solar power (CSP) plant and an electric boiler for combined heat and power generation to provide heating, partially decoupling their operation mode from “heat determines electricity.” Secondly, on the demand side, the impact of electric vehicles (EV) is considered. A formula for the fluctuation ratio of peak-to-off-peak electricity prices is established, and EV charging and discharging are guided by electricity prices to fully exploit the demand response capability of dispatchable resources on the demand side. Charging loads during peak electricity consumption periods are effectively shifted to off-peak periods, aiding in peak shaving and valley filling. Finally, a tiered carbon trading mechanism is introduced. With the goal of minimizing the total cost of the RIES, an optimization scheduling model for the RIES is established, and the CPLEX solver is used for solving. Simulation results show that under source-load coordination scheduling, the overall efficiency of the system is significantly improved. It can further overcome the limitations of CHP units, enhance wind power consumption capacity, reduce carbon emissions, and improve the economic benefits of the RIES.
Association between Cardiovascular Disease and Handgrip Strength Risk among Community-Dwelling Older Adults in India
Authors: Pai Manacy , Vennu Vishal
Published: December 2024

The literature does not adequately examine the relationship between cardiovascular disease (CVD) and risk in handgrip strength (HGS) among community-dwelling older adults in India. The study aimed to investigate this relationship, considering sociodemographic, lifestyle, and clinical variables. A cross-sectional study involving 31,001 individuals aged ≥60 assessed HGS in kilograms using a handheld Smedley Hand Dynamometer and self-reported CVD status. Participants were classified into two groups: with ( n = 2291) and without CVD ( n = 28,710). Multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed a significant odds ratio (OR) of HGS among older adults with CVD, adjusted for age, gender, education, marital status, place of residence (sociodemographic), alcohol consumption, smoking, activity, body mass index (lifestyle), hypertension, diabetes, and chronic bone/joint diseases (clinical) (right-handed: OR = 1.23, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.09–1.38; left-handed: OR = 1.16, 95% CI = 1.04–1.30). CVD is associated with an increased risk of reduced HGS in older Indians, underscoring that improving HGS may help reduce death rates in this population.
An Evaluation of the New Zealand SilverTech Smartphone Course for Older Adults
Authors: Jaye Chrystal , McLean Rebecca , Lin Janet , Beardsmore Kristen , George Debbie
Published: December 2024

In contemporary society, where digital literacy is an essential skill, older adults can face disadvantages because they frequently have lower levels of digital literacy than younger cohorts. This research evaluated the effectiveness of a smartphone course developed by Age Concern Otago (a New Zealand non-government organization), with the aim of improving digital literacy among older adults. This was achieved using a pre- and post-course survey study design. A total of 98 participants, aged above 60, from thirteen SilverTech courses (four two-hourly sessions) completed pre-surveys in the first session and post-surveys in the last session of each course. The results showed that participants’ smartphone digital literacy was improved across all evaluated indices, and feedback for the courses was positive. These findings illustrate that the SilverTech courses are an effective means of improving the digital literacy of older adults and thus fostering digital inclusion in New Zealand.
Development of Patient-Centered End-of-Life Care Quality Measures in China: A Modified Delphi Process
Authors: Li Lumeng , Gong Xiuquan
Published: December 2024

Objective: Patient-centered care is widely recognized as a crucial component of high-quality end-of-life care. As this approach remains limited in China, this study sought to develop quality measures specifically tailored to end-of-life care within the country. Methods: Initial indicators were established through a comprehensive review of existing measures. Using the modified Delphi Method, a two-round survey with experts (n = 14) was applied to evaluate the importance of each item. Results: The authoritative coefficient of two rounds of expert consultation was 0.86 and 0.87, and the Kendall coefficient of concordance for the two rounds was 0.232 and 0.270 (P < 0.001), respectively, demonstrating an acceptable consensus among the experts. As a result, 31 key quality indicators were identified and deemed important. Conclusions: This study developed a scale for patient-centered end-of-life care quality measurement in China, consisting of six dimensions and 31 indicators. This scale lays a solid foundation for quality improvement initiatives and future development of patient-centered end-of-life care.
Exploring the Experiences and Perspectives of new Graduate Nurses on the Push-Pull Factors of Nursing Workforce Crisis Post COVID-19
Authors: Metersky Kateryna , Al-Hamad Areej , Ruzgar Nursel Selver , Tan Valerie , Crasto Grissel , Wong Josephine Pui-Hing
Published: December 2024

Background

The aim of this study is to explore the practice experiences of new graduate nurses (NGNs) in publicly funded acute healthcare settings in the Greater Toronto Area, their perspectives on the determinants of their desire to stay or leave the nursing profession, and to identify action-oriented strategies to promote retention of NGNs.

Design

Qualitative, descriptive

Methods

Fifteen NGNs participated in focus group sessions, where a semi-structured interview guide was created to generate discussion on NGNs’ lived and professional experiences. We utilised the Social Ecological and Intersectionality frameworks to guide data analysis with an emphasis on social identities, power relationships, and the personal, interpersonal, organizational, and structural determinants of nursing retention.

Results

Participants contextualized their major challenges within four professional development phases: 1.) accessible nursing education and practicum placement; 2) preparedness, orientation and mentorship during entry to practice; 3) navigating transition to independent practice and multi-level structural violence; 3.1) retention strategies; and 4) perspectives on professional trajectory for NGNs.

Conclusion

NGNs experience major challenges throughout their nursing education and career. The study findings indicate that further research and systemic reform is essential to support, develop, and retain nursing leaders in the acute care setting. Furthermore, the findings can inform the development of evidence-based nursing curriculum reform.
Ig-M and Ig-A Enriched Ig-G Infusion as Adjuvant Therapy in the Critically ill Patients Experiencing SARS-CoV-2 Severe Infection
Authors: Corona Alberto , Simoncini Sara , Richini Giuseppe , Gatti Ivan , Santorsola Clemente , Patroni Andrea , Tomasini Giacomina , Capone Alice , Zendra Elena , Shuman Myriam
Published: December 2024

Introduction

SARS-CoV-2 in patients who need Intensive Care (ICU) is associated with a mortality rate ranging from 10 to 40%-45%, with an increase in morbidity and mortality in presence of sepsis.

Methods

We assumed that immunoglobulin (Ig) M and IgA enriched IgG (IGAM) therapy may support SARS COV-2 sepsis-related phase improving patient outcome. We conducted a retrospective case-control study on all the patients admitted to our ICU during the three pandemic waves between February 2020 and April 2021. Upon ICU admission, patients received anticoagulants with the standard supportive treatment (ST) ± IGAM therapy. After matching for the baseline characteristics and treatments, the patients receiving IGAM therapy too (group A), were compared with those undergoing ST (group B) only.

Results

85 patients were enrolled in group A, whereas 111 in group B. The mortality resulted lower in group A [37.6% versus 55.8%, OR: 0.7 (02-08), P = .01)]. A logistic regression analysis identified IGAM treatment as a survival predictor [OR: 0.35 (95%CI, 0.2-0.8)], whereas experiencing a super-infection [OR: 1.88 (95%CI, 1.5-4.9)] and a septic shock [OR: 1.92 (95%CI, 1.4-4.3)] as predictors of death. On day 7, the probability of dying was 3 times higher in patients treated with ST only. Variable life adjustment display (VLAD) was equal to 2.4 in group A, while – 2.2 group B (in terms of lives saved in relation with those expected, in according with Simplified Acute Physiology Score II (SAPS II) score.

Conclusion

The treatment based on IGAM infusion seems to give an advantage chance of survival in SARS-CoV-2 severe infection. Further prospective studies are warranted.
Enhancing Disease and Management Knowledge Among Black Americans With Asthma or Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
Authors: Odhiambo Lorriane A. , Stephens Peggy C. , Cheruvu Vinay K. , Zullo Melissa D.
Published: December 2024

Purpose

Lack of knowledge contributes to disparate outcomes among Americans with asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This study assessed the impact of an educational intervention on disease knowledge and management in Black Americans with asthma or COPD.

Design

Pre-post study design with 9-month follow-up.

Setting

Urban church community.

Subjects

Black American adults (N = 38) with self-reported asthma (18) and COPD (20), of which 76.3% (N = 29) completed the intervention.

Intervention

The Asthma COPD (ACOPD) Workshop consisted of three 1-hour classes focused on disease knowledge and management behaviors (physical activity, nutrition, and avoiding triggers) delivered in 16 sessions over six months.

Measures

Knowledge questionnaire.

Analysis

McNemar’s tests for paired proportions.

Results

Knowledge of disease concepts increased post-intervention, then decreased at the 9-month follow-up. There was a significant difference in the proportion of participants that provided correct answers to questions about ‘two diseases that constitute COPD’ ( P = .04), ‘main cause of COPD’ ( P = .01), 'written action plan' ( P = .04), and 'untrue statement about asthma,' ( P = .02).

Conclusion

The ACOPD Workshop increased knowledge of basic disease concepts, risk factors, and management. Regular delivery of educational sessions in the community can support knowledge retention and practice of healthy behaviors.
From Mission to Market: Assessing Sector Overlap Between Nonprofits and For-Profits
Authors: Meier Dominik S. , Schnurbein Georg von
Published: December 2024

The ongoing debate about the distinctiveness of the nonprofit and for-profit sectors has intensified, particularly in light of recent research suggesting increasingly blurred boundaries due to the marketization of the nonprofit sector. In this study, we are the first to analyze mission statements ( n = 611,077) from both sectors to examine their distinctiveness and potential overlap. Our findings reveal that while the two sectors remain largely distinct, there is also significant overlap. This similarity is driven by marketization, with nonprofit organizations showing greater alignment with the for-profit sector than the reverse. Our results underscore concerns about the marketization of the nonprofit sector, as we find a negative correlation between marketization (similarity to the for-profit sector) and the expressive functions of nonprofit organizations. Although nonprofit organizations exhibit both strong expressive and instrumental functions, these two dimensions are negatively correlated within the sector, highlighting an inherent trade-off.
Comparison of robot-assisted vs. traditional laparoscopic sacral colpopexy for pelvic organ prolapse: Outcomes and quality of life
Authors: Shang Yingying , Deng Huajuan , Yao Qingqing
Published: December 2024

Background

Pelvic organ prolapse is a prevalent condition affecting women of varying ages and ethnicities globally. The prevalence of pelvic organ prolapse is substantial, with estimates suggesting that up to 50% of parous women may experience some degree of prolapse during their lifetime.

Objective

This retrospective evaluation aimed to compare the outcomes of robot-assisted sacral colpopexy (RASC) and traditional laparoscopic sacral colpopexy (LSC) in the treatment of pelvic organ prolapse, focusing on surgical outcomes, postoperative pain, quality of life, complications, and recurrence rates.

Methods

A total of 138 patients treated for pelvic organ prolapse and undergoing sacral colpopexy from December 2021 to December 2023 were included in the study. The patients were categorized into two groups based on the procedure utilized: RASC or LSC. Demographic characteristics, surgical outcomes, postoperative pain scores, quality of life, complications, and recurrence rates were compared between the two groups.

Results

The demographic characteristics of the study population demonstrated comparable baseline profiles for the RASC and LSC groups. RASC was associated with shorter surgery duration, lower intraoperative blood loss, shorter operative time for apical prolapse repair, and significantly lower postoperative pain scores at 24, 48, and 72 h postoperatively compared to LSC. Additionally, patients undergoing RASC demonstrated significantly better quality of life across various domains compared to those undergoing LSC. There were no statistically significant differences in the incidence of complications between the two groups. Furthermore, the RASC group demonstrated consistently lower recurrence rates at 1, 2, and 5 years postoperatively compared to the LSC group.

Conclusion

Robot-assisted sacral colpopexy offers potential advantages over traditional laparoscopic sacral colpopexy in the treatment of pelvic organ prolapse, with favorable surgical outcomes, reduced postoperative pain, improved quality of life, comparable complication rates, and lower recurrence rates. These findings support the consideration of RASC as a promising surgical approach for addressing pelvic organ prolapse and provide valuable insights for informing clinical decision-making and refining the approach to pelvic organ prolapse treatment.
A detailed literature review of process advancement in electrochemical discharge micromachining
Authors: Singh Monika , Dvivedi Akshay , Kumar Pradeep
Published: December 2024

The outcome of the research spanning the years in electrochemical discharge machining (ECDM) and its variants based on material removal mechanism is presented in this article. This article also overviews the input and response parameters used during experimentation. The core findings of various past investigations are illuminated through their inferences. The following sections highlight the developments in the ECDM process; further, the studies on different electrode materials with various electrolyte solutions are also incorporated. In addition, the electrode effects during water electrolysis and the effect of ultrasonic vibration on the machined surface were studied.
Metformin ameliorates vanadium pentoxide or gamma irradiation-stimulated hepatotoxicity in male rats via targeting endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptosis
Authors: Gerges Marian N , Abdou Fatma Y , El Gamal Doaa M , Habieb Mahmoud E
Published: December 2024

Introduction

This work aims to validate the ameliorative influence of metformin against endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS)-prompted apoptosis caused by vanadium pentoxide (V2O5) or gamma-irradiation (γ-irradiation) in hepatic tissues of male rats.

Methods

There were six groups of rats: the control, metformin (100 mg/kg body weight, i.p.), V2O5 (12.5 mg/kg body weight, i.p), V2O5 plus metformin, γ-irradiation group (acute dose 6 Gy), and γ-irradiation plus metformin; for 2 weeks. Hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA) and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels were evaluated. Additionally, the protein expression of certain endoplasmic reticulum stress-related (ERS) biomarkers; Inositol requirement enzyme 1α (IRE1α), TNF receptor-associated factor 2 (TRAF2), and Apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1); were estimated in hepatic tissues. Moreover, apoptosis-associated biomarkers; Bax, Bcl-2, caspase-3 and HSP70 levels have been assessed. Furthermore, histopathological changes in hepatic tissues were observed.

Results

Metformin with V2O5 or γ-irradiation significantly decreased MDA, IRE1α, TRAF2, ASK1, Bax, and caspase-3 compared with V2O5 or γ-irradiated groups. Meanwhile, it significantly elevated GSH, Bcl-2, and HSP70 levels compared to exposure to V2O5 or γ-irradiation groups. Interestingly, the obtained results concur well with histological alterations.

Discussion

Our findings demonstrate the protective influence of metformin against ER stress-induced apoptosis through enhancing GSH and reduction of ERS and apoptosis suggesting that metformin may have positive impacts as a potential radiation protector beyond its glucose-lowering effect.
Enhancing Cultural Competence in Undergraduate Nursing Students: An Integrative Literature Review of Strategies for Institutions of Higher Education
Authors: Shopo Khumoetsile Daphney , Nuuyoma Vistolina , Chihururu Leonard
Published: December 2024

Introduction:

Globally, health care organizations need to provide quality, culturally congruent health care to increasingly diverse patients. Nursing education institutions must therefore produce culturally competent nursing professionals to provide safe and culturally congruent care. This review aimed to identify and outline strategies to enhance cultural competence of undergraduate nursing students.

Methodology:

The integrative literature review followed the five steps of Lubbe et al. searching the university Libguides, EBSCOhost, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases for literature published between 2014 and 2023 that met the inclusion criteria. The methodological quality was ensured through the John Hopkins Evidence-based Appraisal Tool.

Results:

Five themes emerged as strategies that can enhance cultural competence for nursing students: integrating cultural competence into undergraduate nursing curriculum, cultural immersion, innovative pedagogical approaches, role of nurse educators, and students’ assessment.

Conclusion:

Findings provide nurse educators with evidence-based information on strategies to enhance cultural competence of undergraduate nursing students at nursing education institutions.
Between Innovation and Standardization: Best Practices and Inclusive Guidelines in Computational Communication Science
Authors: Waldherr Annie , Weber Matthew , Wu Shangyuan , Haim Mario , van der Velden Mariken A. C. G. , Chen Kaiping
Published: December 2024

Computational communication science is transitioning from an emerging to an established field within communication research, creating a need for proper guidelines and methodological standards. This forum gathers experienced computational communication science scholars to debate the merits and drawbacks of standardization and discuss the tension between innovation, rigor, and inclusion. The assembled perspectives review current standards for data collection, sharing, and documentation, offering best practices for future research. They argue that high standards and inclusive practices can coexist, enhancing creativity and accessibility. By adopting inclusive guidelines, the computational communication science community can welcome diverse scholars, foster innovation, and advance the field collectively.
Exploring the Biological Effects of Polystyrene Nanoplastics on Spermatogenesis: Insights From Transcriptomic Analysis in Mouse Spermatocytes
Authors: Jiang Ying , He Kexuan , Shen Qianyi , Yang Can , Huang Xin , Fan Junjie , Du Miaomiao , Wu Jianrong , Ruan Huajuan , Yang Jun , Hong Yeting
Published: December 2024

The presence of polystyrene plastics in the human testis has raised concerns, yet their biological activity remains poorly characterized. This study aimed to investigate the biological effects and potential regulatory genes of polystyrene nanoplastics on spermatocyte line, GC-2spd(ts). After a 24-h exposure to polystyrene nanoplastics, the results indicated cell membrane disruption, impairment of mitochondrial membrane potential, increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and induced DNA damage. Furthermore, a comprehensive transcriptomic analysis was conducted, revealing differential gene expression patterns in GC-2spd(ts) cells in response to polystyrene nanoplastics. A total of 134 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, with 48 genes upregulated and 86 genes downregulated. The Gene Ontology analysis highlighted the involvement of these genes in various spermatogenesis-related biological processes, including acrosome reaction, sperm mitochondrial organization, sperm annulus, and outer acrosomal membrane. Subsequently, the quantification of gene expression through qRT-PCR identified five key genes (NSUN7, SEPTIN4, TRIM36, EQTN, and SYT8) screened from the DEGs. In conclusion, this study provides valuable insights into the biological effects of polystyrene nanoplastics on mouse spermatocytes using comprehensive transcriptomic analysis, contributing to the establishment of a foundation for future investigations into these relevant pathways.
An extensive survey and history of podcasting in New Zealand
Authors: Tennant Lewis
Published: December 2024

This article presents a detailed overview of podcast production in New Zealand. This is the first broad survey of podcasting in New Zealand, and seemingly the first of its kind globally. It tracks the development and growth of podcasting in New Zealand from a medium pioneered by independent producers to a growing sector of the local media market. Drawing from the New Zealand Podcast Directory – an extensive database of podcasts produced from 2005 onwards – this article categorises and assesses the 722 podcasts listed, before more broadly discussing key characteristics of New Zealand’s podcast sphere. The titles are coded across 12 categories, providing just under 10,000 data points for analysis. Producer typologies are discussed, before the publishing status of shows is explored. The number, length, and frequency of episodes are surveyed, followed by a breakdown of podcasts by format. Podcast subject matter is then considered, before the global reach of New Zealand’s most successful podcasts is evaluated. Undertaking this research project revealed inconsistencies with podcast terminology and issues with conventional podcast categories. There is no ubiquitous list of podcast formats, and accompanying definitions of each. When discussing podcasts, genre and topic are often used interchangeably. Aside from True Crime, podcast genres in the main lack definition. Conventional podcast categories lack the specificity needed to adequately identify many shows. Consequently, this article presents and tests a new podcast classification system designed to provide greater flexibility and specificity.
Follow the user: Taking advantage of Internet users as methodological resources
Authors: Caliandro Alessandro
Published: December 2024

In this article, I introduce a novel epistemological approach meant to re-adapt the digital methods paradigm to a fast changing digital landscape. This change was mostly brought about by the transformation of Web 2.0 into a platformized social media environment and the advent of the post-API and platform surveillance era. This approach is premised on the idea of considering the Internet user as a source of methods, rather than an object of study. To this purpose I suggest to ‘ follow the user’, meaning to take advantage of the natively digital methods that Internet users employ to gather, organise, manage and create their own digital data throughout their everyday digital practices. In order to illustrate my approach, I show how to practically follow the users in each of the key phases of a digital research project within social media platforms: keywords selection, data collection, data sampling, data analysis. In doing so, I mean to contribute to an emerging strand of research within the digital methods tradition which is trying to: (a) update digital methods, given the continuous mutations of the digital landscape; (b) seek a more organic and systematic integration of digital and qualitative methods; (c) go beyond the classical quali-quanti dichotomy.