bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
High-Precision Drilling by Anchor-Drilling Robot Based on Hybrid Visual Servo Control in Coal Mine
Authors: Lei Mengyu , Zhang Xuhui , Yang Wenjuan , Wan Jicheng , Dong Zheng , Zhang Chao , Zhang Guangming
Published: July 2024

Rock bolting is a commonly used method for stabilizing the surrounding rock in coal-mine roadways. It involves installing rock bolts after drilling, which penetrate unstable rock layers, binding loose rocks together, enhancing the stability of the surrounding rock, and controlling its deformation. Although recent progress in drilling and anchoring equipment has significantly enhanced the efficiency of roof support in coal mines and improved safety measures, how to deal with drilling rigs’ misalignment with the through-hole center remains a big issue, which may potentially compromise the quality of drilling and consequently affect the effectiveness of bolt support or even result in failure. To address this challenge, this article presents a robotic teleoperation system alongside a hybrid visual servo control strategy. Addressing the demand for high precision and efficiency in aligning the drilling rigs with the center of the drilling hole, a hybrid control strategy is introduced combining position-based and image-based visual servo control. The former facilitates an effective approach to the target area, while the latter ensures high-precision alignment with the center of the drilling hole. The robot teleoperation system employs the binocular vision measurement system to accurately determine the position and orientation of the drilling-hole center, which serves as the designated target position for the drilling rig. Leveraging the displacement and angle sensor information installed on each joint of the manipulator, the system utilizes the kinematic model of the manipulator to compute the spatial position of the end-effector. It dynamically adjusts the spatial pose of the end-effector in real time, aligning it with the target position relative to its current location. Additionally, it utilizes monocular vision information to fine-tune the movement speed and direction of the end-effector, ensuring rapid and precise alignment with the target drilling-hole center. Experimental results demonstrate that this method can control the maximum alignment error within 7 mm, significantly enhancing the alignment accuracy compared to manual control. Compared with the manual control method, the average error of this method is reduced by 41.2%, and the average duration is reduced by 4.3 s. This study paves a new path for high-precision drilling and anchoring of tunnel roofs, thereby improving the quality and efficiency of roof support while mitigating the challenges associated with significant errors and compromised safety during manual control processes.
Estimating Cross-Border Mobility from the Difference in Peak Timing: A Case Study of Poland–Germany Border Regions
Authors: Senapati Abhishek , Mertel Adam , Schlechte-Welnicz Weronika , Calabrese Justin M.
Published: July 2024

Human mobility contributes to the fast spatiotemporal propagation of infectious diseases. During an outbreak, monitoring the infection on either side of an international border is crucial as cross-border migration increases the risk of disease importation. Due to the unavailability of cross-border mobility data, mainly during pandemics, it becomes difficult to propose reliable, model-based strategies. In this study, we propose a method for estimating commuting-type cross-border mobility flux between any pair of regions that share an international border from the observed difference in their infection peak timings. Assuming the underlying disease dynamics are governed by a Susceptible–Infected–Recovered (SIR) model, we employ stochastic simulations to obtain the maximum likelihood cross-border mobility estimate for any pair of regions. We then investigate how the estimate of cross-border mobility flux varies depending on the transmission rate. We further show that the uncertainty in the estimates decreases for higher transmission rates and larger observed differences in peak timing. Finally, as a case study, we apply the method to some selected regions along the Poland–Germany border that are directly connected through multiple modes of transportation and quantify the cross-border fluxes from the COVID-19 cases data from 20 February to 20 June 2021.
On the Problems of CF-Connected Graphs for Kl,m,n
Authors: Staš Michal , Timková Mária
Published: July 2024

A connected graph, G, is Crossing Free-connected (CF-connected) if there is a path between every pair of vertices with no crossing on its edges for each optimal drawing of G. We conjecture that a complete tripartite graph, Kl,m,n, is CF-connected if and only if it does not contain any of the following as a subgraph: K1,2,7, K1,3,5, K1,4,4, K2,2,5, K3,3,3. We examine the idea that K1,2,7, K1,3,5, K1,4,4, and K2,2,5 are the first non-CF-connected complete tripartite graphs. The CF-connectedness of Kl,m,n with l,m,n≥3 is dependent on the knowledge of crossing numbers of K3,3,n. In this paper, we prove various results that support this conjecture.
Streptomyces-Fungus Co-Culture Enhances the Production of Borrelidin and Analogs: A Genomic and Metabolomic Approach
Authors: Liu Tan , Gui Xi , Zhang Gang , Luo Lianzhong , Zhao Jing
Published: July 2024

The marine Streptomyces harbor numerous biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) with exploitable potential. However, many secondary metabolites cannot be produced under laboratory conditions. Co-culture strategies of marine microorganisms have yielded novel natural products with diverse biological activities. In this study, we explored the metabolic profiles of co-cultures involving Streptomyces sp. 2-85 and Cladosporium sp. 3-22—derived from marine sponges. Combining Global Natural Products Social (GNPS) Molecular Networking analysis with natural product database mining, 35 potential antimicrobial metabolites annotated were detected, 19 of which were exclusive to the co-culture, with a significant increase in production. Notably, the Streptomyces-Fungus interaction led to the increased production of borrelidin and the discovery of several analogs via molecular networking. In this study, borrelidin was first applied to combat Saprolegnia parasitica, which caused saprolegniosis in aquaculture. We noted its superior inhibitory effects on mycelial growth with an EC50 of 0.004 mg/mL and on spore germination with an EC50 of 0.005 mg/mL compared to the commercial fungicide, preliminarily identifying threonyl-tRNA synthetase as its target. Further analysis of the associated gene clusters revealed an incomplete synthesis pathway with missing malonyl-CoA units for condensation within this strain, hinting at the presence of potential compensatory pathways. In conclusion, our findings shed light on the metabolic changes of marine Streptomyces and fungi in co-culture, propose the potential of borrelidin in the control of aquatic diseases, and present new prospects for antifungal applications.
Light Intensity Enhances the Lutein Production in Chromochloris zofingiensis Mutant LUT-4
Authors: Chen Qiaohong , Liu Mingmeng , Mi Wujuan , Wan Dong , Song Gaofei , Huang Weichao , Bi Yonghong
Published: July 2024

Chromochloris zofingiensis, a unicellular green alga, is a potential source of natural carotenoids. In this study, the mutant LUT-4 was acquired from the chemical mutagenesis pool of C. zofingiensis strain. The biomass yield and lutein content of LUT-4 reached 9.23 g·L−1, and 0.209% of dry weight (DW) on Day 3, which was 49.4%, and 33% higher than that of wild-type (WT), respectively. The biomass yields of LUT-4 under 100, 300, and 500 µmol/m2/s reached 8.4 g·L−1, 7.75 g·L−1, and 6.6 g·L−1, which was 10.4%, 21%, and 29.6% lower compared with the control, respectively. Under mixotrophic conditions, the lutein yields were significantly higher than that obtained in the control. The light intensity of 300 µmol/m2/s was optimal for lutein biosynthesis and the content of lutein reached 0.294% of DW on Day 3, which was 40.7% more than that of the control. When LUT-4 was grown under 300 µmol/m2/s, a significant increase in expression of genes implicated in lutein biosynthesis, including phytoene synthase (PSY), phytoene desaturase (PDS), and lycopene epsilon cyclase (LCYe) was observed. The changes in biochemical composition, Ace-CoA, pyruvate, isopentenyl pyrophosphate (IPP), and geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP) contents during lutein biosynthesis were caused by utilization of organic carbon. It was thereby concluded that 300 µmol/m2/s was the optimal culture light intensity for the mutant LUT-4 to synthesize lutein. The results would be helpful for the large-scale production of lutein.
A Comprehensive Review of Dietary Approaches in Maintaining Remission of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases in Adults
Authors: Istratescu Doina , Preda Carmen Monica , Manuc Teodora , Meianu Corina , Stroie Tudor , Diculescu Mircea
Published: July 2024

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) poses significant challenges in its management, encompassing a spectrum of conditions from Crohn’s disease to ulcerative colitis. Dietary interventions have emerged as integral components of the multidisciplinary approach to IBD management, with implications ranging from disease prevention to treatment of active manifestations and addressing complications such as malnutrition. While dietary interventions show promise in improving outcomes for some patients with IBD, there is no consensus in the existing literature regarding remission maintenance in those patients. Furthermore, many patients explore dietary modifications often guided by anecdotal evidence or personal experiences and this could lead to malnutrition and decreased quality of life. This comprehensive review synthesizes existing literature to elucidate the complex interplay between diet and IBD, offering insights into the efficacy and safety of various dietary modalities in maintaining disease remission. It also highlights the importance of patient education in navigating dietary choices and potential risks associated with food avoidance, including the heightened risk of micronutrient deficiencies. Furthermore, it emphasizes the pivotal role of a multidisciplinary care team comprising clinicians and dietitians in providing personalized dietary guidance tailored to individual patient needs and goals. By synthesizing the latest evidence and providing insights into both the potential benefits and risks of dietary interventions, this review could be used as a resource for healthcare professionals and patients alike in navigating the complex landscape of dietary management in IBD.
Challenges and Solutions during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Hospitalization and Performance in Elective Pediatric Surgeries
Authors: Jukić Miro , Tokić Petra , Elezović Baloević Sara , Pogorelić Zenon
Published: July 2024

Background and Objectives: This retrospective study aimed to investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the most frequently performed elective pediatric surgical procedures and the number of hospitalizations and compare it to the pre-pandemic and post-pandemic periods. Materials and Methods: The subjects were patients under 18 years of age who were regularly admitted for selected elective procedures in a single tertiary center in Croatia from 1 March to 31 August of 2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022. Data were collected from the electronic logs of surgical procedures and hospital admissions, logs of one-day surgeries, patients’ medical records, and discharge letters. The primary outcome of this study was to determine the evolution of the number of elective surgical procedures before, during, and after the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic; also, we aimed to confirm and objectify global data and statements about the decrease in the number of hospital admissions and surgical procedures. Secondary outcome measures included the length of hospitalization, the number and types of complications, and readmissions. Results: In 2020, the number of elective procedures decreased by 28.3% and the number of hospitalizations decreased by 36.2%; in 2021, the number of elective procedures decreased by 30.8% and the number of hospitalizations decreased by 14.2% compared to the pre-pandemic period (2019). In 2022, there was a 22.8% increase in elective procedures and a 2.9% decrease in hospitalizations compared to 2019. No statistical difference was found in the rates of complications between the individual years studied in terms of complications (p = 0.869). Conclusions: The number of elective procedures and hospitalizations during the COVID-19 pandemic has decreased significantly compared to the pre-pandemic period. After the healthcare system adapted to the conditions of the pandemic, the number of elective procedures increased significantly despite COVID-19, while the number of hospitalizations remained approximately the same as before the pandemic.
Clinical Outcomes after Intracorporeal versus Extracorporeal Anastomosis in Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Right Hemicolectomy for Colon Cancer
Authors: Chang Yu-Yao , Cheng Bill , Sheu Gwo-Tarng
Published: July 2024

Background and Objectives: Laparoscopic right hemicolectomy (LRHC) is commonly performed for patients with colon cancer, selecting between intracorporeal anastomosis (ICA) or extracorporeal anastomosis (ECA). However, the impact of ICA versus ECA on patient outcomes remains debatable. The varying levels of experience among surgeons may influence the outcomes. Therefore, this study sought to compare the short- and long-term outcomes of LRHC using ICA versus ECA. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study extracted patient data from the medical records database of Changhua Christian Hospital, Taiwan, from 2017 to 2020. Patients with colon cancer who underwent LRHC with either ICA or ECA were included. Primary outcomes were post-surgical outcomes and secondary outcomes were recurrence rate, overall survival (OS), and cancer-specific survival (CSS). Between-group differences were compared using chi-square, t-tests, and Fisher’s exact tests and Mann–Whitney U tests. Associations between study variables, OS, and CSS were determined using Cox analyses. Results: Data of 240 patients (61 of ICA and 179 of ECA) with a mean age of 65.0 years and median follow-up of 49.3 months were collected. No recognized difference was found in patient characteristics between these two groups. The ICA group had a significantly shorter operation duration (median (IQR): 120 (110–155) vs. 150 (130–180) min) and less blood loss (median (IQR): 30 (10–30) vs. 30 (30–50) mL) than the ECA group (p < 0.001). No significant differences were found in 30-day readmission (ICA vs. ECA: 1.6% vs. 2.2%, p > 0.999) or recurrence (18.0% vs. 13.4%, p = 0.377) between the two groups. Multivariable analyses revealed no significant differences in OS (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR): 0.65; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.25–1.44) or CSS (adjusted sub-hazard ratio (aSHR): 0.41, 95% CI: 0.10–1.66) between groups. Conclusions: Both ICA and ECA in LRHC for colon cancer had similar outcomes without statistically significant differences in post-surgical complications, 30-day readmission rates, recurrence rate, and long-term survival outcomes. However, ICA may offer two advantages in terms of a shorter operative duration and reduced blood loss.
Exploring the Feasibility of Estrogen Replacement Therapy as a Treatment for Perimenopausal Depression: A Comprehensive Literature Review
Authors: Xiang Xiuting , Palasuberniam Praneetha , Pare Rahmawati
Published: July 2024

Perimenopausal depression (PMD) is a psychological disorder that occurs in women during perimenopause. In addition to the common clinical symptoms of depression, it often manifests as a perimenopausal complication, and its notable cause is the decline in estrogen levels. Despite numerous studies and trials confirming the benefits of estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) for PMD, ERT remains unapproved for treating PMD. Therefore, we conducted a literature search using selected keywords in PubMed and Google Scholar to write a review discussing the feasibility of using ERT for PMD. This review examines the potential of ERT for PMD in terms of its underlying mechanisms, efficacy, safety, and time window. These four aspects suggest that ERT is a viable option for PMD treatment. However, the risk of thrombosis and stroke with ERT is a matter of contention among medical experts, with a paucity of clinical data. Consequently, further clinical trial data are required to ascertain the safety of ERT.
Pangenome Analysis Reveals Novel Contact-Dependent Growth Inhibition System and Phenazine Biosynthesis Operons in Proteus mirabilis BL95 That Are Located in An Integrative and Conjugative Element
Authors: Tatarenkov Andrey , Muñoz-Gutiérrez Iván , Vargas Isabel , Behnsen Judith , Mota-Bravo Luis
Published: July 2024

Proteus mirabilis is a leading cause of urinary tract infections and a common commensal of the gastrointestinal tract. Our recent study (JB) showed that P. mirabilis strain BL95 employs a novel contact-dependent killing system against enteric bacteria in the mouse gut and in vitro. To uncover the genetic determinants of this system, we performed whole-genome sequencing of BL95 and compared it with 98 complete genomes of P. mirabilis. BL95 carries 56 coding sequences (CDSs) not found in other P. mirabilis. Over half of these unique genes are located on a novel integrative conjugative element (ICE) named ICEPm2, inserted in tRNA-Phe and exclusive to BL95. ICEPm2 has integration, conjugation, and DNA replication modules nearly identical to ICEPm1 (common in P. mirabilis), but ICEPm2 of BL95 carries two unique operons for P. mirabilis—a phenazine biosynthesis and a contact-dependent growth inhibition (CDI) system. ICEPm2 is absent in the P. mirabilis (AR_0156) closest to BL95 and it is present in the genomes of several Escherichia coli from mouse intestines, indicating its recent horizontal mobilization. BL95 shares over 100 genes of five different secretion systems with other P. mirabilis, mostly poorly studied, making a large pool of candidate genes for the contact-dependent growth inhibition.
Development and Comparison of Visual LAMP and LAMP-TaqMan Assays for Colletotrichum siamense
Authors: Cui Shuning , Ma Haoze , Wang Xinyue , Yang Han , Wu Yuanzheng , Wei Yanli , Li Jishun , Hu Jindong
Published: July 2024

Strawberry anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum spp. has resulted in significant losses in strawberry production worldwide. Strawberry anthracnose occurs mainly at the seedling and early planting stages, and Colletotrichum siamense is the main pathogen in North China, where mycelia, anamorphic nuclei, and conidia produced in the soil are the main sources of infection. The detection of pathogens in soil is crucial for predicting the prevalence of anthracnose. In this study, a visualized loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay and a loop-mediated isothermal amplification method combined with a TaqMan probe (LAMP-TaqMan) assay were developed for the β-tubulin sequence of C. siamense. Both methods can detect Colletotrichum siamense genomic DNA at very low concentrations (104 copies/g) in soil, while both the visualized LAMP and LAMP-TaqMan assays exhibited a detection limit of 50 copies/μL, surpassing the sensitivity of conventional PCR and qPCR techniques, and both methods showed high specificity for C. siamense. The two methods were compared: LAMP-TaqMan exhibited enhanced specificity due to the incorporation of fluorescent molecular beacons, while visualized LAMP solely necessitated uncomplicated incubation at a constant temperature, with the results determined by the color change; therefore, the requirements for the instrument are relatively straightforward and user-friendly. In conclusion, both assays will help monitor populations of C. siamense in China and control strawberry anthracnose in the field.
A Photonic Immunosensor Detection Method for Viable and Non-Viable E. coli in Water Samples
Authors: Fernández Blanco Ana , Moreno Yolanda , García-Hernández Jorge , Hernández Manuel
Published: July 2024

Detection and enumeration of coliform bacteria using traditional methods and current molecular techniques against E. coli usually involve long processes with less sensitivity and specificity to distinguish between viable and non-viable bacteria for microbiological water analysis. This approach involves developing and validating an immunosensor comprising ring resonators functionalized with specific antibodies surrounded by a network of microchannels as an alternative method for detecting and indirectly enumerating Escherichia coli in samples of water for consumption. Different ELISA assays were conducted to characterize monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies selected as detection probes for specific B-galactosidase enzymes and membrane LPS antigens of E. coli. An immobilization control study was performed on silicon nitride surfaces used in the immunosensor, immobilized with the selected antibodies from the ELISA assays. The specificity of this method was confirmed by detecting as few as 10 CFU/mL of E. coli from viable and non-viable target bacteria after applying various disinfection methods to water samples intended for human consumption. The 100% detection rate and a 100 CFU/mL Limit of Quantification of the proposed method were validated through a comprehensive assessment of the immunosensor-coupled microfluidic system, involving at least 50 replicates with a concentration range of 10 to 106 CFU/mL of the target bacteria and 50 real samples contaminated with and without disinfection treatment. The correlation coefficient of around one calculated for each calibration curve obtained from the results demonstrated sensitive and rapid detection capabilities suitable for application in water resources intended for human consumption within the food industry. The biosensor was shown to provide results in less than 4 h, allowing for rapid identification of microbial contamination crucial for ensuring water monitoring related to food safety or environmental diagnosis and allowing for timely interventions to mitigate contamination risks. Indeed, the achieved setup facilitates the in situ execution of laboratory processes, allowing for the detection of both viable and non-viable bacteria, and it implies future developments of simultaneous detection of pathogens in the same contaminated sample.
Application of MALDI-TOF MS to Identify and Detect Antimicrobial-Resistant Streptococcus uberis Associated with Bovine Mastitis
Authors: Zhang Tingrui , Pichpol Duangporn , Boonyayatra Sukolrat
Published: July 2024

Streptococcus uberis is a common bovine mastitis pathogen in dairy cattle. The rapid identification and characterization of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in S. uberis plays an important role in its diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. In this study, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) was used to identify S. uberis and screen for potential AMR biomarkers. Streptococcus uberis strains (n = 220) associated with bovine mastitis in northern Thailand were identified using the conventional microbiological methods and compared with the results obtained from MALDI-TOF MS. Streptococcus uberis isolates were also examined for antimicrobial susceptibility using a microdilution method. Principal component analysis (PCA) and the Mann–Whitney U test were used to analyze the MALDI-TOF mass spectrum of S. uberis and determine the difference between antimicrobial-resistant and -susceptible strains. Using MALDI-TOF MS, 73.18% (161/220) of the sampled isolates were identified as S. uberis, which conformed to the identifications obtained using conventional microbiological methods and PCR. Using PCR, antimicrobial-resistant strains could not be distinguished from antimicrobial-susceptible strains for all three antimicrobial agents, i.e., tetracycline, ceftiofur, and erythromycin. The detection of spectral peaks at 7531.20 m/z and 6804.74 m/z was statistically different between tetracycline- and erythromycin-resistant and susceptible strains, respectively. This study demonstrates a proteomic approach for the diagnosis of bovine mastitis and potentially for the surveillance of AMR among bovine mastitis pathogens.
Response of Arugula to Integrated Use of Biological, Inorganic, and Organic Fertilization
Authors: Stanojković-Sebić Aleksandra , Miladinović Vladimir , Stajković-Srbinović Olivera , Pivić Radmila
Published: July 2024

This study evaluated the effects of solely and integrated application of inorganic (NPK), commercial organic (NC), and biological (MIX, mixed strains Ensifer meliloti and Azotobacter chroococcum) fertilizers on the chemical characteristics of arugula biomass and its yield, as well as changes in soil microbiological parameters after the experiment in relation to the control treatment (Ø). The experiment was performed in semi-controlled greenhouse conditions, in pots, from the 4th decade of March to the 2nd decade of September, in 2023, at three cutting times/swaths, during one agricultural season, with Vertisol soil. For soil characterization, the following parameters were analysed: granulometric composition using sieving and sedimentation procedure; soil acidity—potentiometrically; SOM—soil organic matter by Kotzmann method; total N using CNS analyser; available P—spectrophotometrically; available K—flame photometrically; total number of microorganisms on an agarized soil extract medium; fungi on a solid Czapek agar; actinomycetes on a solid Krasiljnikov agar with saccharose; Azotobacter spp. on a liquid Fyodorov medium with mannitol; ammonifiers on a liquid medium with asparagine; and dehydrogenase activity—spectrophotometrically. For plant characterization, the following parameters were determined: N and C, both on CNS analyser; P on spectrophotometer; K on flame photometer; air-dried yield biomass. A stimulative effect on all microbiological parameters was found in the treatment with integrated use of organic and biological fertilizer, except for fungi, which grew better in the treatments with separate inorganic and organic fertilizers. Generally, the stimulative impact on plant chemical parameters manifested in combined inorganic and biological, organic and biological, and inorganic and organic fertilization treatments, and was inhibited in treatment without fertilization, in all three swaths, which could also be stated for the plant yield. Positive influence of all fertilization treatments on chemical parameters was observed for the second swath in relation to the first and the third. The total yield in the NPK+MIX treatment was 121%, and in the NC+MIX treatment, it was 87% higher compared to the control (Ø). In general, integrated use of inorganic and biological, organic and biological, and inorganic and organic fertilizers, respectively, could be proposed as an optimal fertilization treatment in arugula cultivation.
Production of Esters in Escherichia coli Using Citrate Synthase Variants
Authors: Shipmon Jacoby C. , Rathinasabapathi Pasupathi , Broich Michael L. , Hemansi  , Eiteman Mark A.
Published: July 2024

Acetate esters comprise a wide range of products including fragrances and industrial solvents. Biosynthesis of esters offers a promising alternative to chemical synthesis because such routes use renewable carbohydrate resources and minimize the generation of waste. One biochemical method for ester formation relies on the ATF1 gene from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which encodes alcohol-O-acyltransferase (AAT) which converts acetyl-CoA and an exogenously supplied alcohol into the ester. In this study, the formation of several acetate esters via AAT was examined in Escherichia coli chromosomally expressing citrate synthase variants, which create a metabolic bottleneck at acetyl-CoA. In shake flask cultures, variant strains generated more acetate esters than the strains expressing the wild-type citrate synthase. In a controlled bioreactor, E. coli GltA[A267T] generated 3.9 g propyl acetate in 13 h, corresponding to a yield of 0.155 g propyl acetate/g glucose, which is 18% greater than that obtained by the wild-type GltA control. These results demonstrate the ability of citrate synthase variants to redistribute carbon from central metabolism into acetyl-CoA-derived biochemicals.
Combined Effects of Lactic Acid Bacteria and Protease on the Fermentation Quality and Microbial Community during 50 Kg Soybean Meal Fermentation Simulating Actual Production Scale
Authors: Pang Huili , Zhang Xinyu , Chen Chen , Ma Hao , Tan Zhongfang , Zhang Miao , Duan Yaoke , Qin Guangyong , Wang Yanping , Jiao Zhen , Cai Yimin
Published: July 2024

The improvement in the utilization rate and nutritional value of soybean meal (SBM) represents a significant challenge in the feed industry. This study conducted a 50 kg SBM fermentation based on the 300 g small-scale fermentation of SBM in early laboratory research, to explore the combined effects of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and acid protease on fermentation quality, chemical composition, microbial population, and macromolecular protein degradation during fermentation and aerobic exposure of SBM in simulated actual production. The results demonstrated that the increase in crude protein content and reduction in crude fiber content were considerably more pronounced after fermentation for 30 days (d) and subsequent aerobic exposure, compared to 3 d. It is also noteworthy that the treated group exhibited a greater degree of macromolecular protein degradation relative to the control and 30 d of fermentation relative to 3 d. Furthermore, after 30 d of fermentation, adding LAB and protease significantly inhibited the growth of undesired microbes including coliform bacteria and aerobic bacteria. In the mixed group, the microbial diversity decreased significantly, and Firmicutes replaced Cyanobacteria for bacteria in both groups’ fermentation.
Effect of Probiotic Bacteria on the Gut Microbiome of Mice with Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammation
Authors: Gryaznova Mariya , Burakova Inna , Smirnova Yuliya , Morozova Polina , Chirkin Egor , Gureev Artem , Mikhaylov Evgeny , Korneeva Olga , Syromyatnikov Mikhail
Published: July 2024

The role of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the development of diseases is clear, but the specific mechanisms remain poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the microbiome aberrations in the guts of mice against the background of LPS, as well as the anti-inflammatory effect of probiotic supplementation with Lactobacillus plantarum from the gut, a mix of commercial probiotic lactic acid bacteria, and Weissella confusa isolated from milk using next-generation sequencing. LPS injections were found to induce inflammatory changes in the intestinal mucosa. These morphological changes were accompanied by a shift in the microbiota. We found no significant changes in the microbiome with probiotic supplementation compared to the LPS group. However, when Lactobacillus plantarum and a mix of commercial probiotic lactic acid bacteria were used, the intestinal mucosa was restored. Weissella confusa did not contribute to the morphological changes of the intestinal wall or the microbiome. Changes in the microbiome were observed with probiotic supplementation of Lactobacillus plantarum and a mix of commercial probiotic lactic acid bacteria compared to the control group. In addition, when Lactobacillus plantarum was used, we observed a decrease in the enrichment of the homocysteine and cysteine interconversion pathways with an increase in the L-histidine degradation pathway.
Prevalence of Antibiotic-Resistant Escherichia coli Isolated from Beef Cattle and Dairy Cows in a Livestock Farm in Yamagata, Japan
Authors: Khishigtuya Tumurbaatar , Matsuyama Hiroki , Suzuki Kazuhito , Watanabe Toru , Nishiyama Masateru
Published: July 2024

Antimicrobials are used on livestock farms to treat and prevent infectious animal diseases and to promote the growth of livestock. We monitored the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli (AR-EC) isolates from beef cattle (BC) and dairy cows (DCs) on a livestock farm in Yamagata, Japan. Fecal samples from 5 male BC and 10 male DCs were collected monthly from October 2022 to November 2023. In total, 152 and 884 E. coli isolates were obtained from the BC and DC fecal samples, respectively. Notably, 26 (17.1%) and 29 (3.3%) E. coli isolates in the BC and DC groups, respectively, were resistant to at least one antibiotic. The resistance rates to tetracycline, ampicillin, gentamicin, and chloramphenicol of the isolates were significantly higher than those to the other antimicrobials. The tetracycline resistance genes tetA (70.6%) in DCs and tetB (28%) in BC were identified, along with the blaTEM gene in ampicillin-resistant isolates (BC: 84.2%, DCs: 42.8%). Despite significant variations in the monthly detection rates of AR-EC isolated from BC and DCs throughout the sampling period, the judicious use of antimicrobials reduced the occurrence of AR-EC in both BC and DCs, thereby minimizing their release into the environment.
Population Genomics analysis of Leptosphaeria biglobosa Associated with Brassica napus in China Reveals That Geographical Distribution Influences Its Genetic Polymorphism
Authors: Shi Yiji , Guo Zhiting , Bao Shunjun , Xu Jiali , Li Keqi , Rong Songbai , Li Qiangsheng , Xu Aixia , Zhandui Duojie , Huang Zhen , Chu Mingguang
Published: July 2024

Blackleg disease, a major threat to Brassica crops worldwide, is primarily caused by the pathogen Leptosphaeria biglobosa. Investigating the genetic variation of L. biglobosa is crucial for managing and preventing the disease in Brassica napus. To date, there is scarce genomic variation information available for populations of L. biglobosa in China. In this study, 73 L. biglobosa strains of canola stalks were collected from 12 provinces in China and subjected to re-sequencing. The 73 assemblies averaged 1340 contigs, 72,123 bp N50, and 30.17 Mb in size. In total, 9409 core orthogroups and 867 accessory orthogroups were identified. A total of 727,724 mutation loci were identified, including 695,230 SNPs and 32,494 indels. Principal component analysis (PCA) and population structure analysis showed that these strains could be divided into seven subgroups. The strains in most provinces were clustered into a single subgroup, suggesting a strong influence of the geographic environment on strain variation. The average nucleotide diversity (θπ) of all strains was 1.03 × 10−3, indicating important genetic diversity among strains from different regions of China. This study provides valuable resources for future comparative genomics, gives new insights into the population evolution of L. biglobosa, and supports the development of strategies for managing blackleg disease in canola.
Structure and Diversity of Endophytic Bacteria in Maize Seeds and Germinating Roots
Authors: Gao Yang , Zhang Yujun , Wang Puchang , Zhao Lili
Published: July 2024

Seed endophytes in maize, which facilitate the transmission of microorganisms from one plant generation to the next, may play a crucial role in plant protection and growth promotion. This study aimed to investigate the effects of various maize varieties on the communities of endophytic bacteria in seeds and germinating roots. This study utilized Illumina high-throughput sequencing technology to examine the structural and diversity differences of endophytic bacterial communities within seed maize (BY1507), silage maize (QQ446), and wild maize (Teosinte) in both seeds and germinating roots. The results showed that 416 bacterial genera were detected, with Pantoea, Lachnospiraceae, Pararhizobium, Enterobacteriaceae, Stenotrophomonas, and Pseudonocardia being the most prevalent (relative abundance > 10%) at the genus level. No significant difference was observed in diversity indices (Chao1, ACE, Shannon, and Simpson) of seed endophytes among BY1507, QQ446, and Teosinte. The Shannon and Simpson indices for the germinating root endophyte from the wild variety (Teosinte) were significantly higher than the domesticated varieties (BY1507 and QQ446). PCoA revealed a notable overlap in the endophytic bacterial communities from the seeds of BY1507, QQ446, and Teosinte. Yet, clustering patterns were found. Co-occurrence network analysis showed that BY1507, QQ446, and Teosinte share a notable proportion of shared endophytic bacteria (>30%) between the seeds and germinating roots. This investigation elucidates the characteristics of endophytic microbial communities of seeds and germinating roots with seed maize, silage maize, and wild maize, offering data for future research on the physiological ecological adaptation of these endophytic microbial communities.
Increasing 1,4-Diaminobutane Production in Escherichia coli by Optimization of Cofactor PLP and NADPH Synthesis
Authors: Sun Tong , Zhao Yongcan , Wang Jinjin , Kang Wenke , Sun Xiangxiang , Sun Yanling , Chu Meixue , Liu Zhengyu , Lu Fuping , Li Ming
Published: July 2024

1,4-diaminobutane is widely used in the industrial production of polymers, pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals and surfactants. Owing to economic and environmental concerns, there has been a growing interest in using microbes to produce 1,4-diaminobutane. However, there is lack of research on the influence of cofactors pyridoxal phosphate (PLP) and NADPH on the synthesis of 1,4-diaminobutane. PLP serves as a cofactor of ornithine decarboxylase in the synthesis of 1,4-diaminobutane. Additionally, the synthesis of 1 mol 1,4-diaminobutane requires 2 mol NADPH, thus necessitating consideration of NADPH balance in the efficient synthesis of 1,4-diaminobutane by Escherichia coli. The aim of this study was to enhance the synthesis efficiency of 1,4-diaminobutane through increasing production of PLP and NADPH. By optimizing the expression of the genes associated with synthesis of PLP and NADPH in E. coli, cellular PLP and NADPH levels increased, and the yield of 1,4-diaminobutane also increased accordingly. Ultimately, using glucose as the primary carbon source, the yield of 1,4-diaminobutane in the recombinant strain NAP19 reached 272 mg/L·DCW, by increased 79% compared with its chassis strain.
Identification of Novel Isatin Derivative Bearing a Nitrofuran Moiety as Potent Multi-Isoform Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Inhibitor
Authors: Gowda Krishne , Raza Asif , Vangala Venugopal , Lone Nazir Ahmad , Lin Jyh Ming , Singh Jaikee Kumar , Srivastava Sandeep Kumar , Schell Todd D. , Robertson Gavin P. , Amin Shantu , Sharma Arun K.
Published: July 2024

Aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDHs) are a family of enzymes that aid in detoxification and are overexpressed in several different malignancies. There is a correlation between increased expression of ALDH and a poor prognosis, stemness, and resistance to several drugs. Several ALDH inhibitors have been generated due to the crucial role that ALDH plays in cancer stem cells. All of these inhibitors, however, are either ineffective, very toxic, or have yet to be subjected to rigorous testing on their effectiveness. Although various drug-like compounds targeting ALDH have been reported in the literature, none have made it to routine use in the oncology clinic. As a result, new potent, non-toxic, bioavailable, and therapeutically effective ALDH inhibitors are still needed. In this study, we designed and synthesized potent multi-ALDH isoform inhibitors based on the isatin and indazole pharmacophore. Molecular docking studies and enzymatic tests revealed that among all of the synthesized analogs, compound 3 is the most potent inhibitor of ALDH1A1, ALDH3A1, and ALDH1A3, exhibiting 51.32%, 51.87%, and 36.65% inhibition, respectively. The ALDEFLUOR assay further revealed that compound 3 acts as an ALDH broad spectrum inhibitor at 500 nM. Compound 3 was also the most cytotoxic to cancer cells, with an IC50 in the range of 2.1 to 3.8 µM for ovarian, colon, and pancreatic cancer cells, compared to normal and embryonic kidney cells (IC50 7.1 to 8.7 µM). Mechanistically, compound 3 increased ROS activity due to potent multi-ALDH isoform inhibition, which increased apoptosis. Taken together, this study identified a potent multi-isoform ALDH inhibitor that could be further developed as a cancer therapeutic.
Flexible Asymmetric Supercapacitors Constructed by Reduced Graphene Oxide/MoO3 and MnO2 Electrochemically Deposited on Carbon Cloth
Authors: Li Sha , Li Zhiying
Published: July 2024

A flexible asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC) is successfully developed by using the composite of MoO3 and graphene oxide (GO) electrochemically deposited on carbon cloth (CC) (MoO3/rGO/CC) as the cathode, the MnO2 deposited on CC (MnO2/CC) as the anode, and Na2SO4/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as the gel electrolyte. The results show that the introduction of the GO layer can remarkably increase the specific capacitance of MoO3 from 282.7 F g−1 to 341.0 F g−1. Furthermore, the combination of such good electrode materials and a neutral gel electrolyte renders the fabrication of high-performance ASC with a large operating potential difference of 1.6 V in a 0.5 mol L−1 Na2SO4 solution of water. Furthermore, the ASCs exhibit excellent cycle ability and the capacitance can maintain 87% of its initial value after 6000 cycles. The fact that a light-emitting diode can be lit up by the ASCs indicates the device’s potential applications as an energy storage device. The encouraging results demonstrate a promising application of the composite of MoO3 and GO in energy storage devices.
Zinc Toxicity: Understanding the Limits
Authors: Schoofs Hannah , Schmit Joyce , Rink Lothar
Published: July 2024

Zinc, a vital trace element, holds significant importance in numerous physiological processes within the body. It participates in over 300 enzymatic reactions, metabolic functions, regulation of gene expression, apoptosis and immune modulation, thereby demonstrating its essential role in maintaining overall health and well-being. While zinc deficiency is associated with significant health risks, an excess of this trace element can also lead to harmful effects. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), 6.7 to 15 mg per day are referred to be the dietary reference value. An excess of the recommended daily intake may result in symptoms such as anemia, neutropenia and zinc-induced copper deficiency. The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) defines the tolerable upper intake level (UL) as 25 mg per day, whereas the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) allows 40 mg per day. This review will summarize the current knowledge regarding the calculation of UL and other health risks associated with zinc. For example, zinc intake is not limited to oral consumption; other routes, such as inhalation or topical application, may also pose risks of zinc intoxication.
Achieving Endo/Lysosomal Escape Using Smart Nanosystems for Efficient Cellular Delivery
Authors: Desai Nimeet , Rana Dhwani , Salave Sagar , Benival Derajram , Khunt Dignesh , Prajapati Bhupendra G.
Published: July 2024

The delivery of therapeutic agents faces significant hurdles posed by the endo-lysosomal pathway, a bottleneck that hampers clinical effectiveness. This comprehensive review addresses the urgent need to enhance cellular delivery mechanisms to overcome these obstacles. It focuses on the potential of smart nanomaterials, delving into their unique characteristics and mechanisms in detail. Special attention is given to their ability to strategically evade endosomal entrapment, thereby enhancing therapeutic efficacy. The manuscript thoroughly examines assays crucial for understanding endosomal escape and cellular uptake dynamics. By analyzing various assessment methods, we offer nuanced insights into these investigative approaches’ multifaceted aspects. We meticulously analyze the use of smart nanocarriers, exploring diverse mechanisms such as pore formation, proton sponge effects, membrane destabilization, photochemical disruption, and the strategic use of endosomal escape agents. Each mechanism’s effectiveness and potential application in mitigating endosomal entrapment are scrutinized. This paper provides a critical overview of the current landscape, emphasizing the need for advanced delivery systems to navigate the complexities of cellular uptake. Importantly, it underscores the transformative role of smart nanomaterials in revolutionizing cellular delivery strategies, leading to a paradigm shift towards improved therapeutic outcomes.
Designing Dual-State and Aggregation-Induced Emissive Luminogens from Lignocellulosic Biosourced Molecules
Authors: Bonnot Maelys , Ibrahim Nagham , Allain Magali , Frère Pierre
Published: July 2024

Utilizing lignocellulosic biosourced platforms, we synthesized novel cyanostilbene (CS) derivatives featuring the 3,4-dimethoxyphenyl moiety. These derivatives were investigated for their emission properties in both solution and solid states. The two simple CS derivatives exhibit very weak luminescence in solution but significant luminescence in the solid state, indicating distinct Aggregation-Induced Emission (AIE) characteristic. Furthermore, combining these two CS units, without conjugation and with quasi perpendicular orientation, results in a Dual-State Emission (DSE) fluorophore showing luminescence both in solution and solid states. X-ray crystallography studies on the solid-state compounds reveal a structure–emission relationship, demonstrating that the colour emission correlates with the conformations adopted by the molecules in the solid state, which influence the type of stacking.
Glycaemic Response to a Nut-Enriched Diet in Asian Chinese Adults with Normal or High Glycaemia: The Tū Ora RCT
Authors: Sequeira-Bisson Ivana R. , Lu Louise W. , Silvestre Marta P. , Plank Lindsay D. , Middleditch Nikki , Acevedo-Fani Alejandra , Parry-Strong Amber , Hollingsworth Kieren G. , Tups Alexander , Miles-Chan Jennifer L. , Krebs Jeremy D. , Foster Meika , Poppitt Sally D.
Published: July 2024

Nut-based products are a good source of high-quality plant protein in addition to mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids, and may aid low-glycaemic dietary strategies important for the prevention of type 2 diabetes (T2D). In particular, they may be advantageous in populations susceptible to dysglycaemia, such as Asian Chinese. The present study aimed to compare effects of a higher-protein nut bar (HP-NB, also higher in total fibre and unsaturated fats, comprising mixed almonds and peanuts) vs. an isoenergetic higher-carbohydrate cereal bar (HC-CB) within the diet of 101 Chinese adults with overweight and normo- or hyperglycaemia. Ectopic pancreas and liver fat were characterised using magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy (MRI/S) as a secondary outcome. Participants were randomized to receive HP-NB or HC-CB daily as a 1 MJ light meal or snack replacement, in addition to healthy eating advice. Anthropometry and clinical indicators of T2D risk were assessed fasted and during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), pre- and post-intervention. No significant difference was observed between diet groups for body weight, body mass index, waist or hip circumference, blood pressure, glucoregulatory markers, lipid profile or inflammatory markers over 12 weeks (all, p > 0.05). No difference was observed between glycaemic subgroups or those with normal versus high ectopic organ fat. Although HP-NB can attenuate postprandial glycaemia following a meal, no effects were observed for either fasting or glucose-mediated outcomes following longer-term inclusion in the habitual diet of Chinese adults with overweight, including at-risk subgroups.
Nutrition’s Role in Quality Healthcare in the United States: Opportunities and Education for Pharmacists to Take a Bite of the Apple and Strengthen Their Skills
Authors: Cai Jeff , Gonzalez Andie Lee , Arensberg Mary Beth
Published: July 2024

With global chronic disease rates on the rise, diet and nutrition remain pivotal yet under-appreciated aspects of healthcare, including in pharmacy practice. This perspective paper delves into how current United States health policies support nutrition’s role in healthcare and its integration into pharmacy practice. The paper also reviews the landscape of nutrition education and training for pharmacists, pharmacy roles in multidisciplinary teams and interprofessional nutrition care, and the opportunities for post-graduate nutrition-focused certification, training, and continuing education. It advocates for a paradigm shift towards greater emphasis on nutrition within pharmacy practice, to improve skills and benefit quality patient nutrition care.