bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Potency of Culinary Tourism in Development of Sharia Tourism at Pekanbaru City
Authors: Zulkifli Zulkifli , Permata Lolyta , Bakhri Boy Syamsul
Published: March 2019

The aim of this research is to determine the potential of culinary tourism in development of sharia tourism at Pekanbaru city.  The subject of this research is culinary tourism in Pekanbaru city, while the object is the potential of culinary tourism in Pekanbaru city. The sampling technique employs simple random sampling, while data collection techniques by distributing questionnaires and documentation. The data analysis used descriptive method and SWOT Analysis where the calculation process uses IFAS, EFAS, and IE matrices. The result of this research found that there is a positive influence on potency of culinary tourism in development of sharia tourism at Pekanbaru City. It can be seen from the metric IFAS value is 3.25, while the result of metric EFAS value is 2.82. Based on the IFAS and EFAS matrices, the final result in the IE matrix shows that there is a significant potential in the cell. In general, it can be concluded that the potential for culinary tourism in development of sharia tourism at Pekanbaru city has good potential.
ANALISIS SOSIO-YURIDIS PEMEKARAN KABUPATEN BALANIPA
Authors: Sulaeman Sulaeman
Published: March 2019

AbstrakPeran elite lokal Pembentukan daerah otonom Kabupaten Balanipa mengesankan pembangunan dan komunikasi pada Pemerintah pusat dengan proses penyiapan teknokratis/administrasi atas sejumlah kekurangan persyaratan morathorium Rancangan Undang-Undang (RUU). Kebijakan pemekaran daerah berdasar PP No. 78 Tahun 2007 justru lebih menekankan pada proses-proses ruang politik. Meskipun nampak ada sejumlah permasalahan mendasar yang dapat menyebabkan terjadinya pembentukan Kabupaten Balanipa namun demikian semua elite tersebut tidak akan mencapai hasil seperti sekarang kalau tidak ada campur tangan elite lokal, regional, dan pusat. Semua permasalahan tersebut merupakan kombinasi elite yang sangat kuat yang oleh elite lokal, regional, dan pusat. Pada tingkat masyarakat perjuangan pembentukan Kabupaten Balanipa didasarkan pada kesadaran kolektif berbasis teritori-etnik dari tokoh masyarakat (civil society) memaksa mereka untuk bekerjasama dengan pejabat negara demi memperjuangan kejayaan masa lalu sebagai wilayah bekas kerajaan sebagai wilayah administrasi Kerajaan Balanipa. Landasan ide tersebut kemudian dijadikan upayakonsolidasi dengan para elite di aras lokal. Dimana peran masyarakat yakni mobilisasi massa sebagai bagian dari wujud aspirasi masyarakat dalam upaya mengontrol keputusan penetapan Pembentukan kabupaten Balanipa di ruang Rapat Badan Legislasi Nasional (Baleg) DPR RI pemerintah pusat.
The Effect of Professional Development on Indonesian EFL Teachers’ Self-Efficacy
Authors: Bachtiar Bachtiar
Published: March 2019

This study aims to find out the relationship between teachers’ participation in professional development (PD) and changes in perceived levels of their self-efficacy in the areas of instructional strategy, classroom management, and student engagement. A mixed methods research was used in this study. The findings from this study revealed that there is a relationship between teachers’ participation in PD and changes in perceived levels of their self-efficacy. The findings also revealed that PD was perceived to bring about the greatest change in levels of all participants’ self-efficacy in the area of instructional strategy compared to classroom management and student engagement. The study suggests that one of the characteristics of good quality PD for junior secondary EFL teachers in Indonesia is the content should be based on teachers’ classroom practical needs.
Les douleurs, territoires corporels du sujet cancéreux
Authors: Tiberghien S. , Barfety-Servignat V.
Published: March 2019

La survenue de la maladie du cancer vient déséquilibrer le sujet, de par le potentiel morbide dont elle est chargée, et affecter son corps par les atteintes douloureuses qui vont l’accompagner. Les conséquences sur l’économie psychique du sujet sont nombreuses. Être douloureux lorsque l’on a un cancer, c’est être irrémédiablement ramené à l’organe malade et au cancer. Mais c’est aussi être focalisé sur son corps réel sans possibilité de s’en dégager. Il s’en suit une préoccupation en lien avec la douleur, avec la maladie et enfin avec des mouvements hypocondriaques tant l’impossibilité de penser à autre chose est présente. Ainsi, la douleur sera porteuse d’émotions liées à la douleur, à la maladie grave, au pronostic. Paradoxalement à ce qui peut être attendu et imaginé chez les patients, l’après-cancer, c’està- dire la phase de rémission, donne lieu à une somation de plaintes douloureuses dotée d’une grande détresse chez le sujet. En effet, cette période tant attendue est malgré tout appréhendée de façon ambivalente, puisqu’elle s’accompagne souvent d’angoisse diffuse et de douleurs résiduelles ou séquellaires des traitements. De cette expérience intense associée à la découverte du cancer, la douleur restera le curseur à disposition du sujet pour contrôler le possible retour de la maladie. Elle aura aussi pour effet de colorer le vécu ultérieur d’autres douleurs qui seront alors ramenées à cette douleur inaugurale doublement traumatique.
Ameliorative Effects of Different Transcranial Electrical Stimulation Paradigms on the Novel Object Recognition Task in a Rat Model of Alzheimer Disease
Authors: Zarifkar Amir Hossein , Zarifkar Asadollah , Nami Mohammad , Rafati Ali , Aligholi Hadi , Vafaee Farzaneh
Published: March 2019

Background: Treatment of Alzheimer as a disease that is associated with cognitive impairment has been associated with some restrictions. Recently, researchers have focused on non-pharmacological treatments, including non-invasive stimulation of the brain by transcranial electrical stimulation (tES). Four main paradigms of transcranial electrical current include transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), transcranial alternative current stimulation (tACS), transcranial random noise stimulation (tRNS), transcranial pulse current stimulation (tPCS). The tDCS is a possible new therapeutic option for patients with cognitive impairment, including Alzheimer disease. Materials and Methods: The study was done on Sprague-Dawley male rats weighing 250-270 g. to develop Alzheimer's model, the cannula was implanted bilaterally into the hippocampus. Aβ 25-35 (5μg/ 2.5µl/day) was microinjected bilaterally for 4 days. Then, an electrical stimulation paradigm was applied to the animal for 6 days. Animal cognitive capacity was evaluated on day 11 and 12 by novel object recognition (NOR) test. Results: Our results showed that application of tDCS; tACS; tRNS and tPCS reversed beta-amyloid-induced impairment (P<0.05). The tRNS Group spent total exploration time around the objects compared to other groups (P<0.05). There was no significant difference between the four different paradigms in discrimination ratio and the percentage of total exploration time. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the use of multiple sessions of different tES paradigms could improve Aβ-induced memory impairment in the NOR test. Therefore, based on evidence, it can be expected that in addition to using tDCS, other stimulatory paradigms may also be considered in the treatment of AD. [GMJ. 2019;inpress:e1440]
Prediction of Fracture Pressure Gradient in Halfaya Oilfield
Authors: F. Hussain Neaam , H. M. Al Mahdawi Faleh
Published: March 2019

Fracture pressure gradient prediction is complementary in well design and it is must be considered in selecting the safe mud weight, cement design, and determine the optimal casing seat to minimize the common drilling problems. The exact fracture pressure gradient value obtained from tests on the well while drilling such as leak-off test, formation integrity test, cement squeeze ... etc.; however, to minimize the total cost of drilling, there are several methods could be used to calculate fracture pressure gradient classified into two groups: the first one depend on Poisson’s ratio of the rocks and the second is fully empirical methods. In this research, the methods selected are Huubert and willis, Cesaroni I, Cesaroni II, Cesaroni III, Eaton, and Daines where Poisson’s ratio is considered essential here and the empirical methods selected are Matthews and Kelly and Christman. The results of these methods give an approximately match with the previous field study which has been relied upon in drilling the previous wells in the field and Cesaroni I is selected to be the equation that represents the field under study in general. In the shallower formations, Cesaroni I is the best method; while in deepest formations, Eaton, Christman, and Cesaroni I are given a good and approximately matching. The fracture pressure gradient of Halfaya oilfield range is (0.98 to 1.03) psi/ft.
Adsorption of Phenol from Aqueous Solution using Paper Waste
Authors: Adil Sabbar Huda
Published: March 2019

The exploitation of obsolete recyclable resources including paper waste has the advantages of saving resources and environment protection. This study has been conducted to study utilizing paper waste to adsorb phenol which is one of the harmful organic compound byproducts deposited in the environment. The influence of different agitation methods, pH of the solution (3-11), initial phenol concentration (30-120ppm), adsorbent dose (0.5-2.5 g) and contact time (30-150 min) were studied. The highest phenol removal efficiency obtained was 86% with an adsorption capacity of 5.1 mg /g at optimization conditions (pH of 9, initial phenol concentration of 30 mg/L, an adsorbent dose of 2 g and contact time of 120min and at room temperature). The well-known Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption models were studied. The results show that the equilibrium data fitted to the Freundlich model with R2=0.9897 within the concentration range studied. The main objective of this study is finding the best mixing and conditions for phenol removal by adsorption via paper waste.
Using Elastic Properties as a Predictive Tool to Identify Pore-Fluid Type in Carbonate Formations
Authors: Jasim Al-Khafaji Mahmoud , Mustafa Al-Kattan Wafaa’
Published: March 2019

The aim of this study is for testing the applicability of Ramamoorthy and Murphy method for identification of predominant pore fluid type, in Middle Eastern carbonate reservoir, by analyzing the dynamic elastic properties derived from the sonic log. and involving the results of Souder, for testing the same method in chalk reservoir in the North Sea region. Mishrif formation in Garraf oilfield in southern Iraq was handled in this study, utilizing a slightly-deviated well data, these data include open-hole full-set logs, where, the sonic log composed of shear and compression modes, and geologic description to check the results. The Geolog software is used to make the conventional interpretation of porosity, lithology, and saturation. Also, include PVT and water analyses as inputs in Batzle and Wang correlations in order to calculate mechanical properties of oil and water at reservoir conditions. The shear velocity and density logs are used to calculate the shear modulus (G), for each (0.1254) meter.  The dry frame bulk modulus correlation of the original method was not followed, instead, a new dry frame bulk modulus correlation of Saxena is used to avoid the uncertainty in the porosity type exist in the formation which needs special core description. Then, Gassmann’s equations were used to determine the bulk moduli of the rock assuming two saturation conditions; the first is 100% water saturated, and the second is 100% oil saturated.  Using elastic properties equations of Love’s, and the resulted bulk moduli, two corresponding ∆t(s), (for oil and for water), were computed for each depth level. Then these ∆t(s) were plotted with sonic ∆t in the same track, and compiled with the conventional log interpretation, to compare the results. The method was a good indicator of the fluid type in the high porosity zones, unlike for the tight or clay-rich zones. The results are very conformable to the conventional interpretation, the OWC in both model and conventional interpretation are so close with error percentage of (0.03%).
CARIES OF THE EARLY IRON CENTURYPOPULATION OF POLTAVA AND CORRELATED AREAS AS REFLECTION ASPECTSOF SOCIAL LIFE
Authors: Kaskova L. F. , Chupryna L. F. , Morhun N. A. , Polesskyi M. V. , Artemiev A. V.
Published: March 2019

An attempt has been made to display a picture of carious pathology and other dental diseases based on the study of the general status and reconstruction of cultural and everyday traditions of the early Iron Age society of Poltava and adjacent regions of Ukraine for introduction into the scientific base with the interaction of the formula: disease - social conditions, for a particular territory, specific society, one historical time. The materials of the study were the skeletons of 223 individuals with preserved dental-maxillary area (discovered and collected during the archaeological excavations of mounds 1998–2017 by expeditions of the Center for the Preservation and Research of Monuments of Archeology of the Department of Culture of the Poltava Regional State Administration) of the early Iron Age (mid-5th-6th centuries). BC, hereinafter - RHW) of the territory of Poltava and adjacent areas: 40 skeletons of children, 79 - women, 104 - men. In the analysis of pathology, we used our own method of studying the bones of ancient people and studying the pathology on anthropological material. Studied age-related changes in the skeleton, social labeling (if possible, determined the type of occupation, special social characteristics - decoration of the teeth, effects on the teeth when initiating into adult life, technical use of the masticatory organs, etc.). The social portrait of society shows the clinical picture of caries, other deviations from the generally accepted norm, which can be used as a starting point when comparing caries indicators to earlier or later communities with their social characteristics and economic structure. So, a pathology change curve can be created, with the creation of an intermediate picture of the disease and prediction at any time in the future. Having such a formula of pathological processes in a given population in a given territory at a given time with a given social characteristic, we can further obtain information on the pathology of close and distant communities, which will provide new methods for dating and recreating life. For medicine, it is important to trace causal relationships. It is, therefore, possible to derive diagrams of diseases at the level of similar conditions of life and management (expect a similar status of the oral cavity in similar societies).
ARDL Method: Forecasting Data Kemiskinan di NTB
Authors: Rahmasari Aulia , Sunani Eka Hawari , Jannah Miftahul , Fathulaili Fathulaili , Kurnia Linda , Satria Ahmad
Published: March 2019

Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memprediksi data Jumlah penduduk miskin di Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat (NTB) tahun 2019 dengan menggunakan metode Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL). Jenis penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif. Data yang digunakan dari tahun 2002-2018, dengan parameter error MAD, MSE, MRSE dan MAPE. Berdasarkan hasil simulasi data diperoleh hasil prediksi tahun 2019 jumlah penduduk miskin di NTB sebesar 718.059 jiwa, dengan nilai MAD sebesar 4.040,26667, MSE sebesar 1.943.057.717, MRSE sebesar 44.080,1284 dan MAPE sebesar 3%.

Abstract: This study aims to predict data on the number of poor people in the Province of West Nusa Tenggara (NTB) in 2019 by using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) method. This type of research is quantitative research. Data used from 2002-2018. With MAD, MSE, MRSE and MAPE error parameters. Based on the data simulation results obtained in 2019 prediction results the number of poor people at NTB is 718,059 people, with MAD value of 4,040,26667, MSE of 1,943,057,717, MRSE of 44,080,1284 and MAPE of 3%.
Methodological Aspects of Handwriting Identification
Authors: Hardy H.J.J. , Fagel W.
Published: March 2019

Signature authentication and identification of writing or printing is one of the most common issues presented to forensic document examiners. Handwriting is a complex motor skill expressed individually as a result of learned symbols that are stored in long term memory. This paper discusses the stages of memory retrieval that begins the writing process through the muscle joint systems that execute the movements that result in the graphic expression. The authors discuss in detail the identification process and comparison of handwriting characteristics used in the Forensic Science Laboratory, the Netherlands. The process includes discussion of general characteristics, microcharacteristics, spacing characteristics, and variation, as well as touch-ups and disguise. References are made to literature and research projects that support the principles and methodology. The paper concludes with a discussion about the levels of opinions expressed by forensic document examiners.
Raman Analysis in Document Examination
Authors: Smith Kenneth J.
Published: March 2019

Analysis of questioned documents can often be aided by chemical characterization of the ink or toner on the document. In cases where there is little visual difference between reference and questioned areas, Raman analysis can provide chemical information about the pigments and resins which may show similarities or differences in printing materials on the documents.This paper provides background information about Raman spectroscopy, as well as examples of its applicability to the analysis of inks, toners, and pencil leads on documents.

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Efficiency calibration for HPGe detector by Monte Carlo efficiency transfer method
Authors: Thi Ngoc Trang Le , Dinh Chuong Huynh , Thien Thanh Tran
Published: March 2019

In this paper, the Monte Carlo efficiency transfer method was used to calibrate the full energy peak efficiency (FEPE) of a coaxial p-type HPGe detector. The gamma standard radioactive sources including 22Na, 54Mn, 57Co, 60Co, 65Zn, 109Cd,133Ba, 137Cs, 154Eu, 207Bi, 241Am were measured at different positions on-center of detector with the distance of 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 cm. Besides, a cylindrical sample containing standard mixed nuclides solution was also measured at surface of the detector. The experimental FEPE curves as function of gamma energy for these geometries were determined with the coincidence-summing corrections. A HPGe detector model based on the specifications of manufacturer was built to directly calculate the FEPE for the geometries by Monte Carlo simulations with MCNP6 code. However, these simulated FEPEs show a quite high discrepancy from experimental FEPEs. Then, the FEPEs were calculated by the efficiency transfer method with the efficiency curve for point source at distance of 25 cm as the reference data. A good agreement was obtained between the calculated results by the Monte Carlo efficiency transfer method and experimental results. The comparisons between experimental and calculated FEPE showed that the relative deviations were mostly within +/-4% in the energy range of 53-1770 keV.
Mortality Facts in Internal Medicine Wards: A Descriptive Study From A University Hospital
Authors: Çalık Başaran Nursel , Aktaş Burak Yasin , Şener Yusuf Ziya , Ceylan Serdar , Yekedüz Emre , Başpınar Batuhan , Şimşek Cem , Özışık Lale , Sain Güven Gülay , Öz Şerife Gül , Durusu Tanrıöver Mine
Published: March 2019

Objective: We aimed to determine the mortality rates and the causes of death in hospitalized patients in Internal Medicine Wards in a University Hospital.

Material and Methods: Medical records of patients who were hospitalized between 01 June 2014 and 31 May 2015 in Internal Medicine Wards of a University Hospital were reviewed and patients who died were examined retrospectively. Patient characteristics and causes of death were sorted out. 

Results: In the defined time frame, 5314 hospitalization episodes of 4500 patients were recorded and 416 (9.2%) patients died during hospital stay. The mean age of the patients who died was 62 (19-95) years and 54% of them were male. The median duration of hospitalization was 16 (0-142) days. The mean Charlson score was 6.3 ± 2.7. The rates of hospitalization and death did not differ between seasons. Malignancy was present in 71% of the cases and, 46% had metastatic solid cancer. The most common accompanying diseases were diabetes mellitus (25.7%), hypertension (35%) and congestive heart failure (18.8%). The most common reasons of admission were respiratory distress (23.8%), pneumonia (11.1%), and general deterioration (10.6%) among the patients who died. Sepsis (69%) and respiratory failure (15.9%) were the leading causes of deaths.

Conclusion: Patients who died in internal medicine wards have high chronic illness burden. Sepsis was the most common cause of death.

Keywords: Internal medicine, mortality, sepsis.
Effect of A Brief Education On The Occupational History Taking In Hypertension Patients
Authors: Ecin Seval Müzeyyen , Koyuncu Adem , Sandal Abdulsamet , Çetintepe Sultan Pınar , Başaran Nursel Çalık , Öz Şerife Gül , Yıldız Ali Naci
Published: March 2019

Objective: This study is designed to measure the effect of 10-minutes training about occupational diseases, history taking and relation of occupation and hypertension on occupational history taking rates of physicians. 

Materials and Methods: This research is conducted between 01 April 2018 to 31 May 2018 at Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine Outpatient Clinic. The training including the importance and methods of taking occupational history, and the relation between occupation and diseases is given to the new assistant doctor group as an extra 10 minutes’ education session. At the end of May, researchers screened electronic medical files of patients who diagnosed with hypertension (ICD10 code I10) of outpatients in General Internal Medicine Division in April and May 2018.

Results: We reviewed the data of 3619 adult patients administered to General Internal Medicine Outpatient Clinic of Hacettepe University Hospitals in between 01 April to 31 May 2018. A total of 395 (10.9%) patients had hypertension diagnosis code. The total number of patients whose occupational history taken were 151 (38.2%). There were statistically significant difference between physician groups not trained in April and trained 10 minutes in May, 62 (32%), and 89 (44.3%), respectively (p:0.012). Among the hypertensive patients whose occupational history were recorded, 36 (23.8%) had an occupation.

Conclusion: This result emphasizes the importance of education in raising awareness of taking an occupational history. As occupational diseases are 100% preventable diseases, taking occupational history will enhance the diagnosis and effective treatment of the occupational or work-related diseases. Beginning from the medical faculty lectures, seminars and post-graduate education have to be added and increased regarding this important issue.

Keywords: Occupational history, occupational disease, hypertension.
KRAS gene mutation in patients with primary colorectal cancer
Authors: Vu Thi Minh Thuc , Le Van Thieu , Huynh Quang Huy , Nguyen Minh Duc
Published: March 2019

Objective: KRAS mutation occurs in 30% to 50% of colorectal cancers. The aim of our study was to determine the frequency of KRAS mutations among patients with colorectal cancer; and the relationship with clinicopathologic features.

Materials and Methods: 79 colorectal cancer cases at a hospital in Hai Phong of Vietnam were collected, including 45 colon cancer and 34 rectal cancer during January 2010 and July 2012. PCR amplification and DNA sequencing were used to detect mutations in exon 2 of KRAS gene. The study was based on informed consent and approval by the Ethics Committee of Viet Tiep Hospital.

Results: KRAS mutation was found in 40.4% (225/557) colorectal cancer. All mutation locations were in codon 12. There was significant association (p < 0.05) between KRAS mutations, tumor size and tumor stage. No significant association was observed between KRAS mutations and gender, tumor location, tumor grade or histologic presence of mucin (p>0.05).

Conclusion: Determining the KRAS mutational status of tumor samples has become an essential tool for managing patients with colorectal cancers

Keywords: colorectal cancer, KRAS gene mutation, clinicopathology.
Spreading the Gains of Globalization: What Can Be Learned from Value Chain Analysis
Authors: Kaplinsky R.
Published: March 2019

In recent years globalisation has been associated with growing inequality both among countries and inside their borders as well as with increasing number of people living in poverty. Among those participating in globalisational processes losers can also be found. The article discusses ways to provide under such conditions stable income growth of poor people and poor countries. It is essential to determine means of design and production of goods including internal company structure and relations among companies as well as possibilities of interaction of poor producers and poor countries with producers and consumers in the world economy. Value chain analysis covering the complete cycle of economic activity – from producing the product to its consuming and recycling – is an adequate instrument for assessing the effectiveness of private and public enterprises. Moreover, it helps to deeper understand the political tasks which arise before private and public sectors. Basic theories of value chain concept are considered in the article and specific examples of its implementation are given.
Interaction of Economic Patterns in Agrarian Sector
Authors: Emelyanov A.
Published: March 2019

The social and economic structure of the Russian agrarian sector which developed during its reforming in the 1990s is analyzed in the article. Economic basis of interaction of economic patterns in this sector is considered. Factors of improving the use of potential of different economic patterns for providing national food independence and revival of the Russian village are analyzed.
Simonyan R. Kh. Russia and the Baltic States
Authors: Golub L.
Published: March 2019

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Corrupt Basis of Administrative Barriers
Authors: Degtyarev A. , Malikov R.
Published: March 2019

The authors estimate total costs caused by pure existence of administrative barriers and those connected with them. The process of administrative barriers imposing is viewed through the prism of the institutional design approach. The authors suggest the model showing the benefits and costs for subjects of "barrier business", lobbing normative acts legislation aimed at imposing new administrative barriers. They propose to launch regular anticorrupt monitoring with the purpose of minimizing public costs caused by excess business regulation.
Actual Problems of Economic Policy
Authors: Ershov M.
Published: March 2019

At present Russia faces the task of great importance - effective integration into the world economy. The success of this process largely depends on the strength of the domestic economy and stable economic growth. To attain such a goal certain changes in economic approaches are required which imply more active, focused and concerted steps in the monetary, fiscal and foreign exchange policy.
Regulating Foreign Investments in Russia
Authors: Linnik L.
Published: March 2019

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Korobeinikov M.A. Agrarian Reform: Peasantry and Power
Authors: Shmelev G.
Published: March 2019

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On Optimal Share of Government Expenditures in GDP and Rates of Economic Growth
Authors: Nigmatulin R.
Published: March 2019

Reply to the article: Illarionov A., Pivovarova N. The Size of Government and Economic Growth (Voprosy Ekonomiki, 2002, No 9).
The Dollar Marches around the World
Authors: Moiseev S.
Published: March 2019

A great debate is taking place in many countries of the American Continent and in Central and Eastern Europe on the need and benefits of abandoning the national currency in favor of the dollar. The paper analyzes the theories of the central banking and the official dollarization and looks into the perspectives of dollarization in Latin America.
The Role of Banks in the Economy
Authors: Sarkisyants A.
Published: March 2019

The article is devoted to the problems of the Russian banking sector and its ties with the real sector. It considers a new post-crisis model of the Russian banking system. Special attention is paid to public deposits as the main source of banks' passives.
Public Choice Theory. A Textbook. Chapter 9. Economics of Bureaucracy
Authors: Nureev R.
Published: March 2019

The main features of the economics of bureaucracy are considered in the ninth chapter of the textbook. The models of bureaucracy behavior created by W. Niskanen, G. Tullock, A. Breton, G. Brennan and J. Buchanan are analyzed. Special interests groups are distinguished. The mechanism of lobbying is characterized. The concepts of rent-seeking and corruption are defined. The chapter also includes further readings, control tests and questions.
On Economic Growth and the Size of Government
Authors: Tambovtsev V.
Published: March 2019

Reply to the article: Illarionov A., Pivovarova N. The Size of Government and Economic Growth (Voprosy Ekonomiki, 2002, No 9).
Assesment of the Results of Personal Income Tax Reform in Russia
Authors: Sinelnikov-Murylev S. , Batkibekov S. , Kadochnikov P. , Nekipelov D.
Published: March 2019

The paper contains results of the analysis of personal income tax reform in Russia in 2000, including the influence of the reform on tax base, tax revenues and progressivity of income taxation. On the basis of the theoretical model the authors formulate two main hypotheses, concerning the influence of major factors on personal income tax revenues and tax base. The first hypothesis implies that the decrease in marginal income tax rate caused the decrease in personal income tax evasion, increase in tax revenues and tax base. The second hypothesis is that the decrease in tax evasion, especially among taxpayers with high incomes, increased their tax burden and, as a result, the level of vertical equity. The paper also includes the results of empirical tests of the above hypotheses about the change in tax evasion and progressivity using the regional data in 2000 and 2001; a number of measurers in the sphere of economic policy is put forward.
Industrial Enterprises of the All-Russia Association of the Blind: Present State, Peculiarities and Prospects
Authors: Chardymsky M.
Published: March 2019

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Changes in Competitive Environment in the Russian Markets (The Case of Retailing Chains)
Authors: Radaev V.
Published: March 2019

Fundamental changes have occurred in the competitive environment in the Russian retailing market in the beginning of 2000s. New Russian retailing chains are expanding to occupy the place of independent stores and open-air markets. However, they face a serious challenge. The first transnational retailers have already entered the domestic market. More of them are expected to invest huge money into the Russian economy. A redistribution of markets is on the agenda for the next 3-4 years. What does it mean for Russian leading sellers? Will they survive or leave the market as it happened with local retailing chains in Eastern Europe? What kind of business strategies are elaborated to meet the challenge of the new competitive environment? These are the issues for investigation in the paper. A major data source comes from two series of in-depth interviews conducted with owners and top managers of 38 companies, which are members of two business associations - RATEC and ACORT.
Labor Enforcement in the Transitional Economy
Authors: Ozernikova T.
Published: March 2019

Theoretical aspects of labor motivation forming in society are considered in the article. The accent is made on the analysis of enforcement as a specific type of labor stimuli and their impact on the person's motivation structure. Factors of enforced labor motivation are studied. The results of research that characterize the prevalence of enforced type of attitude to labor in the Russian transitional economy are presented.
Gokhberg L.M. Statistics of Science
Authors: Nesterov L. , Korepanov E. , Lihtenshtein V.
Published: March 2019

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Latin America in Difficult Search of Its Way
Authors: Romanova Z.
Published: March 2019

The article is devoted to the analysis of economic and financial problems and contradictions accumulated in Latin America under conditions of globalization and market liberation. The originated unfavorable changes gave rise to the need of policy correction in big and small countries. The author analyses a new strategy of development adequate for Latin America with its specific geopolitical situation, demographic structure and history.
The Global Economy as the Most Important Phenomenon of the Present
Authors: Menshikov S.
Published: March 2019

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Market Reforms in Russia: Can the Vicious Circle Be Teared Open?
Authors: Nimushin V.
Published: March 2019

In the framework of broad philosophic and historical context the author conducts comparative analysis of the conditions for assimilating liberal values in leading countries of the modern world and in Russia. He defends the idea of inevitable forward movement of Russia on the way of rationalization and cultivation of all aspects of life, but, to his opinion, it will occur not so fast as the "first wave" reformers thought and in other ideological and sociocultural forms than in Europe and America. The author sees the main task of the reformist forces in Russia in consolidation of the society and inplementation of socially responsible economic policy.
Choice of Parameters of a Parity Rate and Gold and Foreign Currency Reserves
Authors: Avdokushin E. , Ivanova E.
Published: March 2019

Questions of the choice of parameters of real currency rate and size and structure of gold and foreign currency reserves for the countries with unconvertible currency are considered in the article. It is proposed to search for optimum currency rate on the basis of minimizing probabilistic characteristics of damage from the sum of two kinds of inflation — evolutionary and interventionist. The optimal total size and structure of gold and foreign currency reserves can be calculated on the basis of the probabilistic distribution "efficiency-risk" received as a result of the decision of the problem of searching optimal distribution by a share in an investment portfolio with one nonlinear share. The minimum of damage from service of reserves is taken as a criterion of optimality.
Basic Types and Factors of the Credit Behavior of Russian Citizens
Authors: Strebkov D.
Published: March 2019

The paper provides the analysis of citizens' credit behavior issues based on sociological research data collected in autumn 2002 in Russian big regional centers. The method of principal components is used for defining main factors which characterize attitudes to money, savings, debt and credit. The paper examines the influence of gender, age, education and other social and demographic variables on the inclination to borrowing. The hierarchical cluster analysis used helps to define six groups (clusters) of people. Each group has its specific attitude to saving and borrowing. The differences between groups in basic components of the credit behavior (experience of borrowing, selection of a creditor, preferences with regard to the credit amount and time of payment, acceptable interest rate) are considered.
Balance of Payments
Authors: Suetin A.
Published: March 2019

The article contains a thorough analysis of various approaches to calculating the balance of payments. The retrospective evolution of scientific views on the problem of evening up the balance of payments is traced. The monetarist approach to the balance of payments adjustment is emphasized. The author underlines the IMF significant role in developing the balance of payments calculation methodology.
Post-nonclassical Challenge to Fundamental Economic Science
Authors: Tarasevich V.
Published: March 2019

The general scientific context of evolution of fundamental economic science is considered in the article. Possible changes of the status of economics as one of the universum spheres, shifts in fundamental economic science, its subject, object, subject space and methodical toolkit in connection with priority development of a post-nonclassical paradigm of scientific thought are analyzed.
Economics and Politics of Russian Bankruptcies
Authors: Zhuravskaya E. , Sonin K.
Published: March 2019

Laws that work well in developed market economies may produce unexpected outcomes in a corrupt environment. Once a legal institution is formally in place, it might be subverted by those who control its day-to-day operations. This paper focuses on the institution of bankruptcy to provide a case study of institutional subversion in a transition economy. The firm-level data analysis shows that Russia's bankruptcy law of 1998 did not result in improving managerial budget constraint. Instead of removing weak management and closing down loss-making enterprises as intended, it initiated a wave of inefficient property redistribution controlled by regional political elites.
One More Time on the Role of the State and the State Sector in the Economy
Authors: Kleiner G. , Petrosyan D. , Bechenov A.
Published: March 2019

The concept of the role of the state in the economy is developed. It is based on the systemic representation of the structure of independent and cooperating macrolevel actors as a triad "the state — the society — the economy". The concept assumes the balanced and coordinated functioning of these three spheres and the existence of functions of the state that cannot be delegated to others spheres, the main one of which is to maintain the evolutionary and progressive development of the country. Such representation allows creating in a new fashion the list and subordination of the functions of the state in the economy and the society, defining targets of the state ownership management.
Social and Economic Models in the Modern World and Russia's Way. Ed. by K.I. Mikul'sky
Authors: Granberg A.
Published: March 2019

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Marxism: Between the Scientific Theory and "Secular Religion" (Liberal Apologia)
Authors: Gaidar E. , Mau V.
Published: March 2019

Authors address K. Marx's scientific heritage, considering marxism as a multidimensional social science, including economic theory, philosophy of history (theory of social development), theory of class struggle and revolution, theory of economic history, history of economic thought. In their opinion, the most interesting and actual components of Marx's theory are the philosophy of history as a method of historical analysis and the theory of economic history. Therefore the marxist method of historical analysis and the treatment of economic history is the subject of the article. The principles formulated by Marx, the experience of creative rethinking of marxism, its application to social evolution are investigated. Authors make attempt to show which elements of the social theory of marxism were erroneous, which elements have lost their value and which elements are valuable today.
Factors of Growth of the Russian Economy and of Technical Renovation
Authors: Golub A.
Published: March 2019

The author considers opportunities of maintaining sustainable growth of the Russian economy and preventing catastrophic pollution of environment by extensive development of the resource sector. In his opinion, the solution lies in switching production and consumption to new technologies, several times more effective than the old ones. In the analysis of the Russian economy the author uses the models of the modern theory of economic growth and gives further development to Solow's model. Applying of production function with increasing and decreasing returns from scale leads to the conclusion that stable economic growth in Russia can be achieved only in case when "old" and "new" technological (reproductive) structures coexist in the economy for a rather long period. The most dangerous consequence of excessive development of the resource sector is delay in rates of accumulation of capital in processing industries and outflow of labor to the resource sector.
Russian Transformation and Its Results
Authors: Ovsienko Yu. , Petrakov N.
Published: March 2019

Negative trends in Russian macroeconomic dynamics are considered in the article: raw materials production orientation, lowering of employees remuneration share in GDP, inflation, etc. It is shown that they are caused by the institutional system that has been formed during the period of reforms. This system hinders effective social and economic development.
Human Factor and Economic Growth in Conditions of Post-industrialization
Authors: Egorov S.
Published: March 2019

The increase of the role of human factor in post-industrial society and influence of that shift on the theory of economic growth are examined in the article. Special attention is paid to transformation of labor and capital. The influence of the size of the state, technical progress, educational system and wage level on rates of economic development is considered. The author examines the basic opportunities of increasing the value of human capital as the base of sustainable economic development of Russia.
The Perspectives of the Development of the Russian National Innovation System
Authors: Beketov N.
Published: March 2019

On the basis of the existing statistics the analysis of state of the art of such NIS' blocks as knowledge production, entrepreneur's environment is given. Modern mechanisms of interaction of these blocks are investigated. They are cooperative processes and processes of knowledge and technology diffusion. Major directions of the state policy are offered basing on the results of the analysis. They are aimed at constructing the modern innovation system in Russia.
The Origins: The Economy in the Context of History and Culture. Editorial Board: Kuzminov Ya.I. (ed.-in-chief), Avtonomov V.S. (deputy ed.-in-chief), Ananyin O.I. and others
Authors: Chepurenko A.
Published: March 2019

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Global Restructuring, Knowledge and Learning
Authors: Hershberg E.
Published: March 2019

The influence of globalization on international competitiveness is considered in the article. Two strategies of economic growth are pointed out: the low road, that is producing more at lower cost and lower wages, with increasingly intensive exploitation of labor and environment, and the high road, that is upgrading capabilities in order to produce better basing on knowledge. Restrictions for developing countries trying to reach global competitiveness are formulated. Special attention is paid to the concept of upgrading and opportunities of joining transnational value chains. The importance of learning and forming social and political institutions for successful upgrading of the economy is stressed.
Relative Inefficiency of the State and Private Sectors: The Statistical Approach
Authors: Fominykh A.
Published: March 2019

The articles by the experts of the Association of Studies of Public Economics analyze the situation with firms of the state sector of the Russian economy along three directions:

- qualitative analysis of Russian and foreign experience in governing the public sector of the economy;

- institutional and legal analysis of state unitary enterprises (SUEs);

- comparative statistical analysis of performance indicators of public and private firms in Russia.

On the basis of Russian and foreign experience authors study unsuccessful attempts to create effective forms of state entrepreneurship, argue the impossibility to make positive incentives for managers within the system of "bureaucratic entrepreneurship" and the necessity to limit state intervention into economic activity by a small number of public goods which cannot be provided by markets. Authors give a number of examples of various forms of inefficient governance and misuse of public property in modern Russia. Authors study the evolution of the legal form of SUEs which was created in the Soviet-type economy, perspectives of its existence in the modern Russian legislation. They prove the contradictory nature of SUEs and make conclusion about the inevitability of transformation of this sector of the Russian economy. The results of performance indicators comparison of private and public enterprises are contradictory. Federal SUEs show significantly better results than private firms in return on sales, liquidity and financial stability though return on labor and capital (labor productivity and return on assets) is lower in the SUEs. At the same time corporations with a majority block of shares in the hands of the federal government (which are similar to the SUEs in many aspects) are the worst performers among all types of firms with state participation. Authors attempt to explain these contradictions.
The Efficiency of Russia's Foreign Financial Assets Realization
Authors: Kheifets B.
Published: March 2019

Russia's financial requirements in respect to foreign countries have considerably lowered during recent years without noticeable return for the country's budget. Different assessments of the value of foreign financial assets are considered in the article and main reasons that have led to their lowering are revealed. The state policy in the field is critically analyzed, alternative variants of increasing the effectiveness of foreign financial assets realization are offered.
Corporate Social Responsibility: Global Context and Russian Reality
Authors: Soboleva I.
Published: March 2019

The author argues that the key criterion of CSR is partial substitution of market-based relations and incentives for non-market cooperation among all kinds of stakeholders in the reproduction behavior of the firm. On the basis of this criterion three levels of CSR are distinguished and the specifics of CSR in the Russian context is highlighted. It is shown that the lack of state social expenditures and the coherent system of benefits for socially responsible firms coupled with dominating paternalistic relations hinder the development of socially responsible behavior above the basic level.
Microeconomics: Practical Approach (Managerial Economics). Ed. by A. G. Gryaznova, A. Yu. Yudanov
Authors: Fedorova M.
Published: March 2019

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Stabilization Fund and Economic Growth
Authors: Kimelman S. , Andryushin S.
Published: March 2019

The article analyzes the conditions of formation of the Stabilization Fund and the Development (Modernization) Fund at the expense of rental incomes from oil mining as well as rent from natural gas, platinum, gold and diamonds mining. It is argued that using the above funds in the economy is relevant taking into account factors of economic growth.
A New Book by the “New Political Economist” (on the Book by L. Csaba “The New Political Economy of Emerging Europe”)
Authors: Frumkin B.
Published: March 2019

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The Problems of the Russian Securities Market Competitive Strength
Authors: Abramov A.
Published: March 2019

Competitive strength of the Russian securities market (RSM) depends on its participation in solution of important economic problems. RMS plays a positive role in the privatization process in Russia and in forming effective corporate governance models. The importance of RMS in attracting investments is increasing. However RMS savings function is its essential weakness. The growth of the RSM competitive strength requires complex measures in the field of legislative activity and economic policy.
Economics of Rent Relations under Conditions of Modern Russia
Authors: Kimelman S. , Andryushin S.
Published: March 2019

In the article the problems of formation, collection and accounting of ownership and mining rent are analyzed and the system of managing of mineral property and mineral products is studied. It is proved that the existence of normative costs on the unit (ton) of a mineral product (oil) for each oil-field will provide an objective valuation of oil-fields and let separate the value of rent in it taking into account the existing system of taxation. Characteristic features of economics of mineral enterprises are emphasized and it is stressed that only the state is able to act as an effective owner of oil-fields and mineral products providing their rational operating and optimal using.