bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nature Restoration Shifts the Abundance and Structure of Soil Nematode Communities in Subtropical China
Authors: Wang Jianqing , Zheng Yingfeng , Shi Xiuzhen , Lam Shu Kee , Lucas-Borja Manuel Esteban , Huang Zhiqun
Published: July 2021

Aims Soil nematode community is an important component of the soil food web, which has been widely recognized as a key bio-indicator for assessing the influence of nature restoration on ecological functions. However, the dynamics of the abundance, diversity and function of soil nematode community remain unclear under different forest succession phases. Methods The soil nematode community of natural secondary forests was investigated using a chronosequence approach. Nature restoration for five succession stages were sampled in this study to represent a wide range of stand age groups.Results Soil nematode abundance gradually increased with forest stand age, which reached a peak value (574 individuals 100 g-1 dry soil) in the older age classes. In contrast, soil nematode diversity was not affected by forest stand age. Soil available nitrogen and phosphorus were key factors influencing soil nematode abundance and diversity during forest secondary succession. The plant parasite index decreased with forest stand age, which indicated that ecosystem function and health would be improved as nature restoration progresses. In addition, the structure of soil nematode community was more sensitive to forest secondary succession compared to plant community and soil microbial community. The bottom-up effects of the plant and microbial communities on soil nematode community were important drivers of nematode community structure in subtropical forests. Conclusions Overall, this study demonstrates the active responses of soil nematode community to nature restoration, and highlights the importance of the above-ground and below-ground interactions to the soil food web.
Biocompatible Self-Healing Hydrogels Based On Boronic Acid-Functionalized Polymer And Laponite Nanocomposite Applied For Water Pollutant Removal
Authors: Wang Xue-Ting , Deng Xudong , Zhang Tuo-Di , Zhang Xi , Shi Wen-Pu , Lai Jialiang , Zhou Hongwei , Ye Ya-Jing , Zhang Chen-Yan , Yin Da-Chuan
Published: July 2021

The problem of global water pollution is becoming more and more severe, among which organic dyes and heavy metal ions are two typical types of the most common pollutants. The adsorption method for water purification and wastewater treatment is widely studied and applied. Hydrogel has unique advantages in the field of adsorption due to its three-dimensional porous structure. In this paper, a new type of self-healing hydrogels based on reversible covalent bond were prepared by mixing poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and 2-aminophenylboronic acid modified polyacrylic acid (PAA-2APBA). In addition, the introduction of laponite nanoparticles into the hydrogel can increase both the mechanical strength and adsorption efficiency. This low-cost PAA-2APBA/PVA/laponite nano-composite hydrogel could efficiently remove the organic dyes and heavy metal ions in model waste water through simple immersion, which makes it have application prospects in the fields of both biomedical and environmental engineering.
Idiopathic Pericardial Effusion in Patients with Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Puwanant Sarinya , Kittipibul Veraprapas , Songsirisuk Nattakorn , Santisukwongchote Sakun , Sitticharoenchai Patita , Chatranukulchai Pairoj , Sattithumanid Sudarat , Boonyaratvej Smonporn
Published: July 2021

Objectives: The aims of this study were to examine the prevalence of moderate to large (moderate-large) idiopathic pericardial effusion (i-PEF) in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and to identify clinical and echocardiographic hemodynamic profiles associated with pericardial effusion. Methods: A total of 292 adult patients with HCM were studied. Fifteen patients with a history of factors associated with pericardial effusion including myocardial infarction, heart surgery or cardiac procedure within the last 12 months, autoimmune disease, hydralazine use, chronic kidney disease stage 3-4, tuberculosis, and malignancy were excluded. Results: Of 277 eligible patients with HCM, 11 patients (4%) with moderate-large i-PEF were identified. Clinical tamponade was present in 1 patient. Compared to patients with HCM who had no or small pericardial effusion, patients with moderate-large i-PEF were younger and more likely to have right ventricular (RV) hypertrophy and reverse septal curvature. These patients also exhibited a greater maximal septal thickness, mean and systolic pulmonary pressure, and right atrial pressure (p<0.05 for all). Pericardial fluid analysis and histopathological exams were performed in 7 and 3 patients, respectively. All examinations revealed transudative and nonspecific etiology of pericardial effusion. Conclusions: Idiopathic pericardial effusion and cardiac tamponade in patients with HCM was uncommon. The pathophysiology involved in pericardial effusion remains undetermined. Patients with moderate-large i-PEF frequently exhibited a phenotype of pulmonary hypertension and RV pressure overload.
Specific Microbiome Signatures under the Canopy of Mediterranean Shrubs
Authors: Idbella Mohamed , De Filippis Francesca , Zotti Maurizio , Sequino Giuseppina , Abd-ElGawad Ahmed M. , Fechtali Taoufiq , Mazzoleni Stefano , Bonanomi Giuliano
Published: July 2021

Background: Shrub encroachment (SE) is a phenomenon in which grasses and herbaceous vegetation are replaced by woody shrubs. The progressive spread of shrubs represents a form of land cover change that is widespread in arid and semi-arid grassland ecosystems. Many previous studies have highlighted the effects of SE on soil respiration rates and nutrient storage, but little is known about its belowground effects. While previous work considered shrubs to be non-species specific or as a single intervening species, we selected an Ampelodemsos mauritanicus grassland and six coexisting shrubs (i.e. Pistacia lentiscus L., Juniperus phoenicea L., Myrtus communis L., Rosmarinus officinalis L., Olea europaea L., and Euphorbia dendroides L.) to investigate the effects of their encroachment on soil microbiota. We used high-throughput sequencing, coupled with soil chemical analyses and litter using 13C CPMAS NMR spectroscopy.Results: Results showed a strong influence of shrub canopy on bacterial and fungal community diversity, species richness and overall community composition in the soil. Litter chemistry was dominated by O-alkyl-C, with the highest content in Ampelodesmsos and Euphorbia, but richer of aromatic C in Pistacia and Rosmarinus. Bacterial diversity was highest under Juniperus and Euphorbia, while lowest under Rosmarinus and grassland. Conversely, fungal diversity was highest under Olea and Euphorbia, while lowest under Myrtus and grassland. Moreover, soil C and N contents were highest under Olea, Pistacia and Myrtus compared to the other canopies. In addition, grassland and Rosmarinus had the highest Fe content. Furthermore, increased co-occurrence network size and connectivity were recorded under shrubs compared to the grassland matrix.Conclusions: Our results suggest that the individual effect of each shrub on the grassland matrix depends mainly on the chemical properties of the shrub litter, which alters the chemical profile of the soil and, in cascade, shapes the associated microbiota.
Life History Strategy and Overeating During COVID-19 Pandemic: a Moderated Mediation Model of Sense of Control and Coronavirus Stress
Authors: Ye Baojuan , Wang Ruining , Liu Mingfan , Wang Xinqiang , Yang Qiang
Published: July 2021

Background: This study examined the mediating effect of sense of control and the moderating effect of coronavirus stress on the relationship between life history strategy and overeating among Chinese college students during the COVID-19 period. Methods: Thirty-three hundred and ten Chinese students (Mage = 19.74, SD = 1.50; 47% males) completed self-reported questionnaires regarding life history strategy, sense of control, overeating, and coronavirus stress. The data were analyzed using Pearson’s r correlations and moderated mediation analysis. Results: The results revealed that control sense mediated the link between life history strategy and college students’ overeating. College students’ coronavirus stress moderated the associations between life history strategy and college students’ sense of control and between control sense and overeating. The association between life history strategy and sense of control was stronger for those with lower coronavirus stress, and the association between sense of control and overeating was stronger for those with lower coronavirus stress. Conclusions: This study identified the critical factors associated with overeating; it supplies empirical support for existing theories and provides practical implications for interventions aiming to decrease Chinese college students’ overeating during COVID-19 period.
The Spatiotemporal Transmission Dynamics of COVID-19 among Multiple Regions: A Modeling Study in China
Authors: Jia Qiaojuan , Li Jiali , Lin Hualiang , Tian Fei , Zhu Guanghu
Published: July 2021

Current explosive outbreak of COVID-19 around the world is a complex spatiotemporal process with hidden interactions between viruses and humans. This study aims at clarifying the transmission patterns and the driving mechanism that contributed to the COVID-19 epidemics across the provinces of China. Thus a new dynamical transmission model is established by ordinary differential system. The model takes into account the hidden circulation of COVID-19 virus among/within humans, which incorporates the spatial diffusion of infection by parameterizing human mobility. Theoretical analysis indicates that the basic reproduction number is a unique epidemic threshold, which can unite infectivity in each region by human mobility, and can totally determine whether COVID-19 proceeds among multiple regions. By validating the model with real epidemic data in China, it is found that (1) if without any intervention, COVID-19 would overrun China within three months, resulting in more than 1.1 billion infections; (2) high frequency of human mobility can trigger COVID-19 diffusion across each province in China, no matter where the initial infection locates; (3) travel restrictions and other non-pharmaceutical interventions must be implemented simultaneously for disease control; and (4) infection sites in central and east (rather than west and northeast) of China would easily stimulate quick diffusion of COVID-19 in the whole country.
Conformal Properties of Hyperinvariant Tensor Networks
Authors: Steinberg Matthew , Prior Javier
Published: July 2021

Hyperinvariant tensor networks (hyMERA) were introduced as a way to combine the successes of perfect tensor networks (HaPPY) and the multiscale entanglement renormalization ansatz (MERA) in simulations of the AdS/CFT correspondence. Although this new class of network shows much potential for simulating conformal field theories on hyperbolic bulk manifolds with quasiperiodic boundaries, many issues must still be solved. In this manuscript we analyze the challenges related to optimizing tensors in a hyMERA with respect to some critical spin chain, and compare with standard approaches in MERA. Additionally, we show two new sets of tensor decompositions which exhibit different properties from the original construction, and imply that the multitensor constraints are more general than previously suggested. Lastly, we provide numerical evidence that the constraints imposed on the spectra of local descending superoperators in hyMERA are compatible with the operator spectra for many minimial model CFTs.
Full Molecular Screening for Colon Cancer Patients of Familial/ Highly Inherited Germline Mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2
Authors: Alshaya Dalal S. , Al-Hazani Tahani Mohamed , Alotaibi Mashael Alhumaidi , Domiaty Dalia Mostafa , AlQahtani Alaa Ali , AlQassim Fatima Abdullah , Albasher Gadah Ibraheem , Al-Qahtani Wedad Saeed
Published: July 2021

Background: There is evidence of increasing number of early colon cancer cases among young people in many countries. The objective of this research is to assess the inherited germinal mutations in all BRCA2and BRCA1 coding areas in four consanguineous cases’ generations from a single Saudi family having occurrence of colon cancer. Methods: This research examines a single Saudi family through four generations from Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. This family have diagnosed with colon cancer and inherited germline mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2. The examination was conducted by DNA sequencing for the whole coding sections of BRCA1 and BRCA2. In addition, the colon samples were immunohistochemically and histologically analyzed utilizing BRCA1&2 antibodies and H&E staining, respectively.Results: 21 scenarios at-risk consanguineous cases were mutations carried in the BRCA genes (2 BRCA2 and 4 BRCA1) and comprised of 3 affected consanguineous cases having malignant cancer of the colon. The BRCA nucleotide sequencing revealed a substantial mutations’ cases within the genes of BRCA1 (frameshift mutations situated within exon 11 and exon 2 while there were no such mutations within the BRCA2 genes). A novel replacement mutation within BRCA2 (exon 18) 139 C > A was obtained (45.83%) in females whereas it was (31.26%) in males. Immunohistochemical staining showed positive staining for BRCA1 and BRCA2. Conclusion: The key reason that led to colon cancer incidences among them is highly inherited mutations of germline in BRCA2 and BRCA1 through repeated endogamy between consanguineous cases who carry these mutations.
Hundreds of viral families in the healthy infant gut
Authors: Nielsen Dennis , Shah Shiraz , Deng Ling , Thorsen Jonathan , Pedersen Anders , Dion Moïra , Castro-Meija Josue , Silins Ronalds , Romme Fie , Sausset Romain , Ndela Eric , Hjelmsø Mathis , Rasmussen Morten , Redgwell Tamsin , Vestergaard Gisle , Zhang Yichang , Sørensen Søren , Bisgaard Hans , Enault Francois , Stokholm Jakob , Moineau Sylvain , Petit Marie-Agnes
Published: July 2021

The gut microbiome (GM) is shaped through infancy and plays a major role in determining susceptibility to chronic inflammatory diseases later in life. Bacteriophages (phages) are known to modulate bacterial populations in numerous ecosystems, including the gut. However, virome data is difficult to analyse because it mostly consists of unknown viruses, i.e. viral dark matter. Here, we manually resolved the viral dark matter in the largest human virome study published to date. Fecal viromes from a cohort of 647 infants at 1 year of age were deeply sequenced and analysed through successive rounds of clustering and curation. We uncovered more than ten thousand viral species distributed over 248 viral families falling within 17 viral order-level clades. Most of the defined viral families and orders were novel and belonged to the Caudoviricetes viral class. Bacterial hosts were predicted for 79% of the viral species using CRISPR spacers, including those in metagenomes from the same fecal samples. While Bacteroides-infecting Crassphages were present, novel viral families were more predominant, including phages infecting Clostridiales and Bifidobacterium. Phage lifestyles were determined for more than three thousand caudoviral species. Lifestyles were homogeneous at the family level for 149 Caudoviricetes families, including 32 families that were found to be virulent, while 117 were temperate. Virulent phage families were more abundant but temperate ones were more diverse and widespread. Together, the viral families found in this study represent a major expansion of existing bacteriophage taxonomy.
Structure Related α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activity and Molecular Docking Analyses of Phenolic Compounds From Paeonia Suffruticosa
Authors: Chen Po-Chun , Dlamini Bongani Sicelo , Chen Chiy-Rong , Kuo Yueh-Hsiung , Shih Wen-Ling , Lin Yun-Sheng , Lee Chien-Hsing , Chang Chi-I
Published: July 2021

In the continuous search for α-glucosidase inhibitors, eleven phenolic compounds (1-11) were isolated from the root bark of Paeonia suffruticosa. Their α-glucosidase inhibitory activity and inhibition mechanism were investigated using an in vitro inhibition assay and molecular docking studies. Compounds 2, 5, 6, and 8-11 (IC50 between 290 and 431 µM) inhibited α-glucosidase more effectively than the reference compound acarbose (IC50=1463 ± 29.5 µM). Among them, compound 10 exhibited the highest α-glucosidase inhibitory effect with an IC50 value of 290.4 ± 9.6 µM. Compounds 2, 5, 9 10 and 11 were found to be competitive inhibitors, while compounds 6 and 8 were noncompetitive inhibitors of α-glucosidase. Computational analyses showed that the main binding forces between the compounds and the main residues were hydrogen bonds. The results indicated that these compounds had considerable α-glucosidase inhibitory activity.
CoFe2O4@SiO2/HKUST-1, A Novel Three-Metallic Magnetic Metal-Organic Framework: Synthesis, Methylene Blue Removal, the Study of Adsorption Isotherms and Kinetic Models
Authors: Saemian Tahoura , Sadr Moayad Hossaini , Gharagozlou Mehrnaz , Soltani Behzad
Published: July 2021

CoFe2O4@SiO2/HKUST-1 as a novel three-metallic magnetic metal-organic framework (MMOF) has been favorably synthesized via a simple self-assembly method. For this purpose, CoFe2O4@SiO2 was functionalized by Glutaric anhydride and 3-(triethoxysilyl)propylamine and then HKUST-1 was synthesized on the surface of CoFe2O4@SiO2. Powder X-ray diffractometry (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), and simulated thermal analyzer (STA) were utilized to characterize the as-prepared samples. The methylene blue (MB) removal efficiency of CoFe2O4@SiO2/HKUST-1 has been set by examining factors such as the effect of pH, concentration of dye, amount of adsorbent, and components of a compound. Up to 100 percent dye removal in short reaction times and water media was reached in alkaline pH, by increasing the dose of adsorbent and in the presence of CoFe2O4@SiO2 and CoFe2O4@SiO2/HKUST-1 compounds. Freundlich adsorption isotherm that uses to describe the ongoing adsorption was found to be best fitted for the adsorption process.Based on pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, and intraparticle diffusion kinetic equations, the pseudo-second-order kinetic model with rate constant (k2) 4 x10-3 g/mg.min is best fitted for adsorption methylene blue, indicating that removal of dye takes place dominantly through the chemisorption process.
Peripapillary and Macular Choroidal Vascularity Index in Eyes with Fuchs’ Uveitis
Authors: erol yasemin ozdamar , Güngör Anıl , Gediz Berrak Şekeryapan
Published: July 2021

Background

To investigate the choroidal vascularity alterations of macula and peripapillary area in eyes with unilateral Fuchs uveitis (FU).
Methods

This study included 18 eyes with unilateral FU and 18 healthy fellow eyes. The choroidal vascularity index (CVI) was analyzed and the results were compared between eyes with FU and healthy fellow eyes (control group).
Results

The mean subfoveal (s)CVI (%) value was significantly lower in the FU group as compared with the control group:60.92 ± 2.63 vs. 64.01 ± 2.54,respectively (p = 0.001). The mean pCVI (%) values of superior and inferior quadrant were significantly lower in the Fuchs group as compared with the control group:58.87 ± 4.48 vs. 61.98 ± 3.32, respectively, in superior quadrant (p = 0.035); and 57.29 ± 6.65 vs. 61.44 ± 4.76, respectively, in inferior quadrant (p = 0.014).
Conclusion

The chronic continuous inflammation in FU causes inflammation-mediated thinning in the vascular area of the subfoveal and peripapillary choroid. The changes in the peripapillary region are remarkable in terms of the further glaucoma risk of these eyes.
Nano Ag@Bioactive Microspheres From Marine Sponge Clathria Frondifera: Fabrication, Fortification, Characterization and Antibacterial Potential Evaluation
Authors: Saravanakumar K. , Abinaya M. , Mehnath S. , Jeyaraj M. , Muthuraj V.
Published: July 2021

Bioresources are attaining much importance in the discovery of drugs and delivering agents. In particular, marine sponges are of great interest due to their metabolites production for the survival in risky environment. The incorporation of silver nanoparticles with marine sponge derived metabolites was reported for the first time. In this work, a facile material has been generated of great efficacy in solving environmental and health issues, as a recipe of silver and marine sponge Clathria frondifera, named as Ag Fortified Sponge spheres (AFS). AFS spheres were successfully synthesized after method optimization, using the various extracts of marine sponge Clathria frondifera as effective reducing agent in Ag (I) to Ag (0) reduction. Bioactive material from marine sponge and AgNP from the reduction of AgNO3 solution stablishing one another and thus AFS spheres were attaining long lifetime along with enhanced antimicrobial activity. The characterization of synthesized AFS and other AgNPs (1-4) has done using FT-IR, PXRD, FESEM, TEM, UV-vis and PL data. The cytotoxic response of AFS was assessed by 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and morphological changes. AFS are exact spherical, micro sized and effective in inhibiting the growth of both gram positive and gram negative bacteria. Anticancer studies were also carried out and ensued with excellent activity in the HELA cells.
Unusually Large Exciton Binding Energy In Multilayered 2H-MoTe2
Authors: Jung Eilho , Park Jin Cheol , Seo Yu-Seong , Kim Ji-Hee , Hwang Jungseek , Lee Young Hee
Published: July 2021

Although large exciton binding energies of typically 0.6–1.0 eV are observed for monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) owing to strong Coulomb interaction, multilayered TMDs yield relatively low exciton binding energies owing to increased dielectric screening. Recently, the ideal carrier-multiplication threshold energy of twice the bandgap has been realized in multilayered semiconducting 2H-MoTe2 with a conversion efficiency of 99%, which suggests strong Coulomb interaction. However, the origin of strong Coulomb interaction in multilayered 2H-MoTe2, including the exciton binding energy, has not been elucidated to date. In this study, unusually large exciton binding energy is observed through optical spectroscopy conducted on CVD-grown 2H-MoTe2. To extract exciton binding energy, the optical conductivity is fitted using the Lorentz model to describe the exciton peaks and the Tauc–Lorentz model to describe the indirect and direct bandgaps. The exciton binding energy of 4 nm thick multilayered 2H-MoTe2 is approximately 300 meV, which is unusually large by one order of magnitude when compared with other multilayered TMD semiconductors such as 2H-MoS2 or 2H-MoSe2. This finding is interpreted in terms of small exciton radius based on the 2D Rydberg model. The exciton radius of multilayered 2H-MoTe2 resembles that of monolayer 2H-MoTe2, whereas those of multilayered 2H-MoS2 and 2H-MoSe2 are large when compared with monolayer 2H-MoS2 and 2H-MoSe2. From the large exciton binding energy in multilayered 2H-MoTe2, it is expected to realize the future applications such as room-temperature and high-temperature polariton lasing.
Serum Prolactin Level to Tumor Size Ratio as a Potential Parameter for Preoperative Differentiation of Prolactinomas from Non-Functional Pituitary Adenomas
Authors: Kim Jeong-Hwa , Hur Kyu-Yeon , Hong Sang-Duk , Choi Jung-won , Seol Ho-Jun Jun , Nam Do-Hyun , Lee Jung-Il , Kong Doo-Sik
Published: July 2021

INTRODUCTIONPreoperative diagnosis of prolactinomas is critical because dopamine agonists have been regarded as a primary treatment modality. However, serum prolactin level alone is suboptimal for differentiating between prolactinomas and hyperprolactinemia-causing non-functioning pituitary adenomas (NFPAs). The authors investigated more effective parameter for differentiating prolactinomas and NFPAs by using the adenoma size. METHODS We performed a retrospective review of patients who underwent trans-sphenoidal surgery for pituitary lesions in a single institute between January 2015 and May 2021. Using the receiver operating curve (ROC) analyses, we compared performances of serum prolactin levels (PRL), a ratio of serum PRL levels to maximal tumor diameter (MD) (PRL/MD; PDR1), and MD squared (PRL/(MD)2; PDR2) in preoperative diagnosis of prolactinomas. RESULTS 223 patients with NFPAs (n=175) and prolactinomas (n=48) were included in the analysis. The prolactinoma group showed higher serum prolactin (258.6 ㎍/L) and smaller MD (16.6 mm) than those in the NFPA group (44.4 ㎍/L and 23.9 mm; both p-values < 0.001). Among diagnostic parameters, PDR2 exhibited the optimal diagnostic performance with the cutoff value of 0.83 [㎍/L]/mm2 (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.945), compared to the PDR1 (8.93 [㎍/L]/mm with AUC 0.938) and PRL (99.4 ㎍/L with AUC 0.910). PDR2 still maintained superior performance in the validation study than PDR1 and PRL (Accuracy of 94.8%, 91.8%, and 75.8%, respectively).CONCLUSIONS PDR2 provided the best performance of three parameters in preoperative discrimination of prolactinomas from NFPAs with hyperprolactinemia, and could contribute to select patients who benefit from medical treatment primarily.
Physical Properties of Soil and Glyphosate Residue as a Function of Cassava Weed Management by Cover Crops in the Amazon Ecosystem
Authors: Pereira Soares Daniel Oscar , Pinto Karla Gabrielle Dutra , Alves da Gama Laís , Ferreira Carla Coelho , Bhowmik Prasanta C. , Albertino Sônia Maria Figueiredo
Published: July 2021

Cassava production in Amazonas state deserves to be highlighted due to its great historical, social, and economic importance. Weed competition severely constrains cassava production in Amazonas. The use of cover crops is safe and very efficient at eliminating weeds while keeping the soil covered. The objective of this study was to evaluate physical properties of soil and glyphosate residues in storage roots as a function of the weed management in cassava. The experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design with five treatments and five repetitions. The treatments were biological control with two species of cover plants (Brachiaria ruziziensis and Mucuna pruriens), chemical control, mechanical control, and treatment with no weed control. The cover crops characteristics evaluated were dry weight, the percentage of cover, and rate of decomposition of plant residues. In the soil, the bulk density and total porosity were determined. The contamination of the storage roots was evaluated based on the analysis of glyphosate residue. Brachiaria ruziziensis presented more dry weight and higher percentage of cover compared with M. pruriens, and both cover crops showed very similar decomposition rates. The physical properties of soil were unaffected by any treatment evaluated. There was no detection of glyphosate and its metabolite, aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA), in any treatment evaluated. Chemical control with glyphosate is not able to contaminate cassava storage roots.
Evaluation of root-lesion nematode (Pratylenchus zeae) resistance assays for sugarcane accession lines
Authors: Bhuiyan S. A. , Garlick K.
Published: July 2021

No sugarcane cultivar is resistant to root-lesion (Pratylenchus zeae) nematode in Australia. Sugar Research Australia commenced a research project to evaluate new sets of accession lines derived from introgression breeding between wild relatives of sugarcane and commercial parents. No established method of assessment was available for comparing the resistance of sugarcane in the glasshouse. This study aimed to determine the most suitable assessment method for comparing resistance in accession lines. Two resistance parameters were measured, (i) number of nematodes per plant, and (ii) number of nematodes per g of roots. Nine screening trials were conducted from 2011 to 2020. Resistance parameter number of nematodes/plant had less variations within trials compared to nematodes/g roots, although both parameters were equally repeatable. Number of nematodes/g of root were negatively correlated (r = ‒0.29 to ‒0.86, p ≤ 0.001) with root biomass in all nine trials, and with shoot biomass in three out of seven trials (r = ‒0.23 to ‒0.31, p ≤ 0.05). In contrast, the number of nematodes per plant were positively correlated with shoot biomass (r = 0.25–0.53, p ≤ 0.05) in three out of seven trials and with root biomass (r = 0.17–0.27, p ≤ 00.05) in three out of nine trials. These results clearly indicated that nematodes per g root is related to reduction in root biomass and shoot biomass.
Techno-functional, textural and sensorial properties of frankfurters as affected by the addition of bee pollen powder
Authors: Novakovic S. M. , Djekic I. V. , Pesic M. B. , Kostic A. Z. , Milincic D. D. , Tomasevic I. В.
Published: July 2021

The objective of this study was to determine whether the addition of different pollen powder concentrations (0.5; 1.0 and 1.5 g/100 g) had an influence on techno-functional, textural and sensorial traits of frankfurters. Examining the techno-functional characteristics of pollen, a conclusion was reached that the higher the concentration, the higher the emulsification and better techno-functional properties. Also, FTIR-ATR analysis has shown that specific pollen molecules provided good emulsifying properties of sausages. On the other hand, sensory analysis showed that sausages with the addition of 1.0% and 1.5% of pollen powder have a more pronounced floral odor. Warner-Bratzler shear force test has shown that the incorporation of pollen caused a more stable product throughout sixty days of storage than the control sample. It could be explained by the formation of more protein-protein interactions due to the addition of non-meat proteins in the formulation of frankfurters and obtaining a more stable product than the control one. All things considered, it can be concluded that pollen exhibits good techno-functional properties and could be utilized in the formulation of frankfurters with improved and steady techno-functional properties during two months of refrigerated storage.
The effect of herbal supplements on development of internal organs and chemical composition of broilers muscles
Authors: Nufer A. I. , Shatskikh E. V.
Published: July 2021

The present article presents data on effectiveness of adding a phytobiotic feed additive into the diet of broiler chickens, either additionally or replacing the feed antibiotic in the chicken fodder. It has been established that the introduction of a phytobiotic feed additive into the broilers’ diet, both additionally and by replacing the feed antibiotic, provided positive effect on poultry meat quality and gave no negative effect on development of internal organs. By the end of fattening the relative weight of heart, lungs, kidneys, gizzard and intestines in broilers, which consumed the antibiotics-free diet with addition of researched preparation, was higher than in the control group and in the 1st experimental group. At the same time the length of the intestine in researched group significantly exceeded the control group parameters. These changes ranged within the physiological norm, which may indicate the best detoxification capabilities of the chicken body and the activation of enhanced intestinal absorption function. Additional use of the experimental feed additive in formulation of feed for broiler chickens was accompanied by a decrease in total amount of amino acids in broilers’ pectoral and leg muscles within acceptable physiological limits. At the same time, a significant decrease, compared with the control parameters, was noted in relation to content of histidine and isoleucine in pectoral muscles, and content of proline in leg muscles. The use of the researched additive as a substitute for a feed antibiotic in composition of mixed feed for broilers decreased the total amount of amino acids in broilers’ breast muscle, compared with the control group, and increased level of amino acids in leg muscles. The significant decrease in content of histidine and arginine in the pectoral muscles and proline in the leg muscles was noted. The observed changes varied within acceptable physiological norm. In the experimental groups the energy value of meat was increased.
An effect of the recipe composition on minced meat properties
Authors: Tsaregorodtseva E. V.
Published: July 2021

The paper describes an experiment on the development of minced meat recipes for poultry-based semi-prepared products. The design principle included a search for optimal compatibility of recipe ingredients to develop a balanced meat system. The model recipes included meat from different animal and poultry species, by-products and dairy products. White and red turkey meat and chicken breast fillet provided recipes with complete animal proteins. Fat meat raw materials were partly replaced with milk fat. A semi-prepared product filled into an intestinal casing was named “sausages for grilling”. A technology of sausages for grilling was developed with the indication of the main control technological parameters for the production process and thermal treatment up to product readiness. The incoming control of raw material quality was carried out: dairy cream was assessed by acidity and pasteurization effectiveness; cheese by sensory indicators; meat raw materials by the pH value. The functional-technological properties of raw minced meat for sausages for grilling were compared before and after cooking by the pH level, moisture mass fraction, water binding capacity. The rheological properties of minced meat (adhesion, viscosity, shearing structural-mechanical properties) were studied. The expedience of introducing meat by-products and dairy ingredients into recipes of sausages for grilling to stabilize protein and fat in the meat system was substantiated. It was proved that replacement of the main raw materials in recipes with pork heart, ginger, cheese and chicken liver allows obtaining sausages for grilling with preservation of high quality indicators. Sausage sensory properties after grilling were analyzed.
Factors influencingmicrobial transmission in a meat processing plant
Authors: Velebit B. , Lakicevic B. , Semenova A. A. , Revutskaya N. M. , Yushina Yu. K. , Nasonova V. V.
Published: July 2021

The review paper examines the main risk factors for microbial contamination of meat at different stages of its processing. Particular emphasis has been placed on primary animal processing being the most hazardous in terms of microbial contamination of meat. Carcass cross-contamination most frequently occurs during skinning and evisceration since hides and the digestive tract are the primary sources of microbial pathogens. It is necessary to observe stringent sanitary and hygienic rules when performing these operations. Continuous cold chain management along all following stages of meat processing and control of the sanitary status of cold chambers during meat storage are of extreme importance. An increase in the microbial counts due to the high number of manual operations was observed during meat cutting, boning, and trimming. Subsequent stages of meat processing, including mincing, curing, the addition of spices, also promote significant microbial growth. Strict control regarding detection of dangerous pathogens, especially L. monocytogenes, is needed at this stage. In general, to minimize problems linked with meat and meat product safety, it is necessary to take timely measures on sanitary treatment of meat processing facilities, including the prevention of biofilm formation.
Assessment of genotoxic and mutagenic effects of food products by bioassay methods
Authors: Zaytseva M. V.
Published: July 2021

The current state of studies on application and safety of food additives in various technologies for food production is examined. Considerable attention should be given to studies dedicated to analysis of food safety criteria due to a possibility of appearance of adverse consequences for human health and the trend towards increasing life quality. Special emphasis is placed on such parameters as genotoxicity and mutagenicity. It is shown that the most rapid and convenient tool for complex monitoring of product toxicity can be the bioassay procedure. Based on the review of the literature on bioassays for edible meat and meat products, canned foods, carbonated soft drinks, beer, milk and milk containing products as well as seasonings, the authors show that above mentioned products had the cyto- and genotoxic potential when tested on animal and human cell cultures, microorganisms and plants. With that, it was found that a list of relevant publications is quite small despite a significant growth in scientific research dedicated to food toxicity assessment using bioassays. A review on the conducted research on assessment of genotoxic and mutagenic effects of foods by bioassay methods will make it possible to extend the understanding of the processes and mechanisms of this toxicity and form more rational concept of consumption.
Cyberbullying behavior: A study of emotional maturity Yogyakarta students
Authors: Hutagaol Chornelius
Published: July 2021

Purpose -  The research objective was to determine the relationship between emotional maturity and cyberbullying behavior among students.Method - This research is a case study using a quantitative method based on a post-positivism approach. The sampling technique in this study using purposive sampling technique. The number of subjects in this study amounted to 60 students. The data analysis technique used product moment correlation.Result - The results of the research analysis using the "product moment" correlation technique showed a correlation number of -0.720 (p 0.01). The correlation coefficient value shows -0.720 which means that it has a very strong relationship level. Thus, the higher the emotional maturity, the lower the cyberbullying behavior, and the lower the emotional maturity, the higher the cyberbullying behavior.Implications – To define university-Students are included in the early adulthood stage which should have good emotional maturity. High emotional maturity allows individuals to have the ability to understand reality and facts and the quality of responding to situations by separating pressure and attraction for pleasant and unpleasant feelings.Originality - This research is cyberbullying behavior study using a quantitative method based on a post-positivism approach.***Tujuan -  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara kematangan emosi dengan perilaku cyberbullying pada mahasiswa.Metode - Penelitian ini merupakan studi kasus dengan menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan pendekatan post-positivisme. Teknik pengambilan sampel dalam penelitian ini menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Jumlah subjek dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 60 siswa. Teknik analisis data menggunakan korelasi product moment.Hasil - Hasil analisis dengan teknik korelasi product moment menunjukkan angka korelasi sebesar -0,720 (p0,01). Nilai koefisien korelasi menunjukkan -0,720 yang berarti memiliki tingkat hubungan yang sangat kuat. Dengan demikian, semakin tinggi kematangan emosi maka semakin rendah perilaku cyberbullying, dan semakin rendah kematangan emosi maka semakin tinggi perilaku cyberbullying.Implikasi - Untuk mendefinisikan mahasiswa termasuk dalam tahap dewasa awal yang harus memiliki kematangan emosi yang baik. Kematangan emosi yang tinggi memungkinkan individu memiliki kemampuan untuk memahami realitas dan fakta serta kualitas dalam merespon situasi dengan memisahkan tekanan dan ketertarikan terhadap perasaan menyenangkan dan tidak menyenangkan.Originalitas - Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian perilaku cyberbullying dengan menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan pendekatan post-positivisme.
The description of inmates’ coping skills of class IIA women's prison in Semarang
Authors: Rimayati Elfi , Sayekti Sri , Redjeki Sri
Published: July 2021

Purpose -  The purpose of this study was to determine the coping skills of inmates in living their lives.  Method - The method used in this research was descriptive quantitative, with a population of 378 people consisting of 48 adult prisoners, 330 adult inmates. Sampling was based on the Krecjie table with a sample total of 182 people.Result - The results of calculating the coping skills of the inmates from the five indicators that have been determined obatained an average number of 76.7%. Based on the results of the average coping skills, it can be concluded that the coping skills of Class II A Women's Prison in Semarang are included in the good category.Implications – The results of this study are expected to be input in improving correctional services at the Class IIA Women's Prison in Semarang.Originality - This research is the study analysis coping skills of inmates in living their lives in the Class IIA Women's Prison in Semarang.***Tujuan - Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui keterampilan koping narapidana dalam menjalani kehidupan mereka.Metode - Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kuantitatif, dengan populasi 378 orang yang terdiri dari 48 tahanan dewasa, 330 narapidana dewasa. Pengambilan sampel didasarkan pada tabel Krecjie dengan total sampel 182 orang.Hasil - Hasil penghitungan keterampilan koping narapidana dari lima indikator yang telah ditentukan ditampati jumlah rata-rata 76,7%. Berdasarkan hasil rata-rata keterampilan koping, dapat disimpulkan bahwa keterampilan koping dari kelas II penjara perempuan di Semarang termasuk dalam kategori baik.Implikasi - Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan menjadi input dalam meningkatkan layanan pemasyarakatan di penjara perempuan IIA kelas di SemarangOriginalitas - Penelitian ini adalah penelitian studi keterampilan mengatasi narapidana dalam menjalani kehidupan mereka di penjara wanita IIA di Semarang.
Leakage detection in water distribution networks by the use of analytical and experimental models
Authors: Nasirian Ali , Maghrebi Mahmoud F. , Mohtashami Ali
Published: July 2021

Recently, calibration based methods are considered to determine the quantities and locations of all leakages in a water distribution network (WDN), simultaneously. In this paper, the accuracy of detecting leakages using Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) in two networks including a hypothetical and a laboratory network is investigated. A novel method is introduced to analyze the effects of measurement errors on demand calibration in an under-determined problem. The results confirm the ability of the optimization-based method in detecting the exact locations and values of the leakages in a WDN. Also, it is emphasized that merely suitable fitnesses cannot provide sufficient confidence in result accuracy. To overcome this difficulty, the correctness of leakage detection can be verified in a sampling design problem. Moreover, to check the reliability of leakage detection an alternative method based on various results is introduced in this research.
Clinical Effects of Dual Antiplatelet Therapy or Aspirin Monotherapy after Acute Minor Ischemic Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack, a Meta-Analysis
Authors: Condello Francesco , Liccardo Gaetano , Ferrante Giuseppe
Published: July 2021

Background:

Evidence about the use of dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) with aspirin and P2Y12 inhibitors
in patients with acute minor ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) is emerging. The aim of
our study was to provide an updated and comprehensive analysis about the risks and benefits of DAPT versus
aspirin monotherapy in this setting.

Methods:

The PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, ClinicalTrials.gov databases,
main international conference proceedings were searched for randomized controlled trials comparing DAPT
versus aspirin monotherapy in patients with acute ischemic stroke or TIA not eligible for thrombolysis or
thrombectomy presenting in the first 24 hours after the acute event. Data were pooled by meta-analysis using a
random-effects model. The primary efficacy endpoint was ischemic stroke recurrence, and the primary safety
outcome was major bleeding. Secondary endpoints were intracranial hemorrhage, hemorrhagic stroke, and allcause
death.

Results:

A total of 4 studies enrolling 21,459 patients were included. DAPT with clopidogrel was used in 3
studies, DAPT with ticagrelor in one study. DAPT duration was 21 days in one study, 1 month in one study,
and 3 months in the remaining studies. DAPT was associated with a significant reduction in the risk of ischemic
stroke recurrence (relative risk (RR), 0.74; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.67-0.82, P<0.001, number needed to
treat 50 (95% CI 40-72), while it was associated with a significantly higher risk of major bleeding (RR, 2.59;
95% CI 1.49-4.53, P=0.001, number needed to harm 330 (95% CI 149-1111), of intracranial hemorrhage (RR
3.06, 95% CI 1.41-6.66, P=0.005), with a trend towards higher risk of hemorrhagic stroke (RR 1.83, 95% CI
0.83-4.05, P=0.14), and a slight tendency towards higher risk of all-cause death (RR 1.30, 95% CI 0.89-1.89,
P=0.16).

Conclusions:

Among patients with acute minor ischemic stroke or TIA, DAPT, as compared with aspirin monotherapy,
might offer better effectiveness in terms of ischemic stroke recurrence at the expense of a higher risk of
major bleeding. The trade-off between ischemic benefits and bleeding risks should be assessed in tailoring the
therapeutic strategies.
Polypharmacy in Chronic Neurological Diseases: Multiple Sclerosis, Dementia and Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Frahm Niklas , Hecker Michael , Zettl Uwe Klaus
Published: July 2021

Polypharmacy is an important aspect of medication management and particularly affects elderly and
chronically ill people. Patients with dementia, Parkinson’s disease (PD), or multiple sclerosis (MS) are at high
risk of multi medication due to their complex symptomatology. Our aim was to provide an overview of different
definitions of polypharmacy and to present the current state of research on polypharmacy in patients with dementia,
PD, or MS. The most common definition of polypharmacy in the literature is the concomitant use of ≥5
medications (quantitative definition approach). Polypharmacy rates of up to >50% have been reported for patients
with dementia, PD, or MS, although MS patients are on average significantly younger than those with dementia
or PD. The main predictor of polypharmacy is the complex symptom profile of these neurological disorders.
Potentially inappropriate medication (PIM), drug-drug interactions, poor treatment adherence, severe disease
course, cognitive impairment, hospitalisation, poor quality of life, frailty, and mortality have been associated
with polypharmacy in patients with dementia, PD, or MS. For patients with polypharmacy, either the avoidance
of PIM (selective deprescribing) or the substitution of PIM with more suitable drugs (appropriate polypharmacy)
is recommended to achieve a more effective therapeutic management.