bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Groundwater Contamination in the Southeastern Coast of Brazil: A Potential Threat to Human Health in Marica Municipality
Authors: Publio Maria Cristina M. , Delgado Jessica F. , Pierri Bruno S. , Lima Leonardo da S. , Gaylarde Christine C. , Baptista Neto José Antônio , Neves Charles V. , Fonseca Estefan M.
Published: October 2023

Groundwater pollution is a current issue that may result in considerable negative effects on human health and the ecological balance. In the present study, the authors evaluated pollutants in groundwater in Maricá Municipality, located on the east side of Rio de Janeiro state in Brazil. The evaluated parameters were temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, Eh, dissolved oxygen, chlorides, nitrates, dissolved organic carbon, total inorganic carbon, phosphates, and total and thermotolerant coliforms. Due to the large number of evaluated points, they were divided into zones according to the respective hydrographic basin. The local accelerated urbanization accompanying income from oil production has led to uncontrolled population growth and associated groundwater pollution. The results of the present study suggest that sewage pollution of Maricá groundwater is already a significant issue. The lack of investment in basic sanitation has led to an imbalance in the local groundwater reservoir. In certain locations of the municipality, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), nutrient, and bacteria concentrations increase and spread in the aquifers because of domestic waste disposal. As aquifers are the main source of freshwater for the residents, contamination of them represents a potential threat to local public health.
Resistance to Bark Beetle Outbreak in Norway Spruce: Population Structure Analysis and Comparative Genomic Assessment of Surviving (LTS) and Randomly Selected Reference Trees
Authors: Korecký Jiří , Čepl Jaroslav , Korolyova Nataliya , Stejskal Jan , Turčáni Marek , Jakuš Rastislav
Published: October 2023

Norway Spruce (Picea abies (L.) H. Karst.), a timber species of significant economic and ecological importance in the Northern Hemisphere, faces increasing threats imposed by drought and bark beetle infestation intensified by ongoing climate change. Despite the extensive mortality within stands, a small proportion of mature trees remarkably survive during severe bark beetle outbreaks. Hypothesizing that bark beetle resilience is genetically determined and thus is under natural selection, we anticipated that there is a genetic variation in genome regions linked to the respective resistance in surviving trees. In the Bohemian Forest, restricted to the area of the Czech–Austrian–German border, we identified those resistant individuals, referred to as the “Last Trees Standing” (LTS). Concurrently, we collected reference samples from randomly selected individuals from natural regeneration within concerned sites (seedlings, young trees) and in adjacent unaffected stands (mature trees). Genomic data were generated on a 50K SNPs genotyping array. We conducted a population genetic study based on the Discriminant Analysis of Principal Components (DAPC) method as well as the Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS). We identified 12 markers (SNPs) significantly associated with tree survival using this approach. Three of those SNPs are located within the genes with the known function in Arabidopsis thaliana orthologs. After further confirmation, we argue that the identified SNPs can be instrumental in identifying trees of higher resistance to bark beetle infestation.
Storage Effects on Bioactive Phenols in Calabrian Monovarietal Extra Virgin Olive Oils Based on the EFSA Health Claim
Authors: Frisina Marialaura , Bonacci Sonia , Oliverio Manuela , Nardi Monica , Vatrano Thomas Patrizio , Procopio Antonio
Published: October 2023

The beneficial properties of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) on lipids blood levels were recognized by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) with a health claim, specifically referring to EVOOs containing at least 5 mg of hydroxytyrosol and its secoiridoids derivatives per 20 g of oil. The main purpose of the work was to characterize the phenolic profile of two commercially available Calabrian monovarietal EVOOs (Nocellara del Belice, VN; Dolce di Rossano, VDR), and to study the effect of one-year storage on secoiridoids composition, by monthly controls. A new UHPLC-ESI-HRMS method was developed and validated, thus facilitating the EFSA claim application and allowing producers to valorize their products. Seven biologically active compounds were chosen: tyrosol, hydroxytyrosol, oleocanthal, oleacein, oleuropein aglycone, verbascoside, and oleuropein. LODs and LOQs were 0.001–0.02 mg g−1 and 0.002–0.08 mg g−1, respectively. The variation coefficients were ≤20% and the percentage of recovery was between 89–109%. During the 12-month storage period, the concentration of selected compounds ranged between 1258.78–1478.91 mg Kg−1 for VN, and 1408.22–2071.45 mg Kg−1 for VDR, with a decrease of 15% and 32% respectively. The method allows an accurate quantification of EVOO phenols thus being useful to certify the nutraceutical properties of olive oil.
The Physicochemical Attributes, Volatile Compounds, and Antioxidant Activities of Five Plum Cultivars in Sichuan
Authors: Lin Zixi , Li Binbin , Liao Maowen , Liu Jia , Zhou Yan , Liang Yumei , Yuan Huaiyu , Li Ke , Li Huajia
Published: October 2023

Plum (Prunus salicina Lindl.) is an important stone fruit crop in Sichuan that is increasingly in demand by consumers owing to its flavor and outstanding nutraceutical properties. The physicochemical characteristics, antioxidant capacity, and volatile profiles of five traditional and new plum cultivars in Sichuan were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The results showed that all plums exhibited an appropriate quality profile for fresh consumption; the new cultivar ‘ZH’ exhibited the highest soluble solids content, sugar–acid ratio, total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, and antioxidant capacity. High sugar–low acid properties were observed in five plum cultivars. Sucrose was the main sugar, while quinic acid and malic acid were the main organic acids. The plums were rich in volatile compounds and had specific volatile characteristics. A total of 737 volatiles were identified in the plum fruit, and orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis was employed to screen 40 differential volatiles as markers for cultivar distinction. These findings offer comprehensive information on the physicochemical characteristics, antioxidant capacity, and volatile profiles of plums.
The Potential Hypoglycemic Competence of Low Molecular Weight Polysaccharides Obtained from Laminaria japonica
Authors: Tong Aijun , Wang Dengwei , Liu Xiaoyan , Li Zhiqun , Zhao Runfan , Liu Bin , Zhao Chao
Published: October 2023

This study aimed to assess the hypoglycemic efficacy of low molecular weight polysaccharides fractions obtained from Laminaria japonica (LJOO) in a model of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) constructed using mice. Biochemical parameters were measured after 4 weeks of continuous gavage, and fasting blood glucose (FBG) concentrations were analyzed. Pathological changes in tissues were assessed. The intestinal contents were obtained for 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing analysis and detection of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). LJOO lowered FBG and insulin concentrations. It altered the gut microbiota composition, as evidenced by enriched probiotic bacteria, along with an increase in the Bacteroidetes/Firmicutes ratio and a decrease in the population of harmful bacteria. LJOO stimulated the growth of SCFA—producing bacteria, thereby increasing cecal SCFAs levels. LJOO can potentially aid in alleviating T2DM and related gut microbiota dysbiosis. LJOO may be used as a food supplement for patients with T2DM.
Impact of Modified Atmosphere Packaging Conditions on Quality of Dates: Experimental Study and Predictive Analysis Using Artificial Neural Networks
Authors: Ahmed Abdelrahman R. , Aleid Salah M. , Mohammed Maged
Published: October 2023

Dates are highly perishable fruits, and maintaining their quality during storage is crucial. The current study aims to investigate the impact of storage conditions on the quality of dates (Khalas and Sukary cultivars) at the Tamer stage and predict their quality attributes during storage using artificial neural networks (ANN). The studied storage conditions were the modified atmosphere packing (MAP) gases (CO2, O2, and N), packaging materials, storage temperature, and storage time, and the evaluated quality attributes were moisture content, firmness, color parameters (L*, a*, b*, and ∆E), pH, water activity, total soluble solids, and microbial contamination. The findings demonstrated that the storage conditions significantly impacted (p < 0.05) the quality of the two stored date cultivars. The use of MAP with 20% CO2 + 80% N had a high potential to decrease the rate of color transformation and microbial growth of dates stored at 4 °C for both stored date cultivars. The developed ANN models efficiently predicted the quality changes of stored dates closely aligned with observed values under the different storage conditions, as evidenced by low Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) values. In addition, the reliability of the developed ANN models was further affirmed by the linear regression between predicted and measured values, which closely follow the 1:1 line, with R2 values ranging from 0.766 to 0.980, the ANN models demonstrate accurate estimating of fruit quality attributes. The study’s findings contribute to food quality and supply chain management through the identification of optimal storage conditions and predicting the fruit quality during storage under different atmosphere conditions, thereby minimizing food waste and enhancing food safety.
Influence of Hydrogen on the Performance and Emissions Characteristics of a Spark Ignition Ammonia Direct Injection Engine
Authors: Park Cheolwoong , Jang Yonghun , Kim Seonyeob , Kim Yongrae , Choi Young
Published: October 2023

Because ammonia is easier to store and transport over long distances than hydrogen, it is a promising research direction as a potential carrier for hydrogen. However, its low ignition and combustion rates pose challenges for running conventional ignition engines solely on ammonia fuel over the entire operational range. In this study, we attempted to identify a stable engine combustion zone using a high-pressure direct injection of ammonia fuel into a 2.5 L spark ignition engine and examined the potential for extending the operational range by adding hydrogen. As it is difficult to secure combustion stability in a low-temperature atmosphere, the experiment was conducted in a sufficiently-warmed atmosphere (90 ± 2.5 °C), and the combustion, emission, and efficiency results under each operating condition were experimentally compared. At 1500 rpm, the addition of 10% hydrogen resulted in a notable 20.26% surge in the maximum torque, reaching 263.5 Nm, in contrast with the case where only ammonia fuel was used. Furthermore, combustion stability was ensured at a torque of 140 Nm by reducing the fuel and air flow rates.
Balsam Poplar Buds Extracts-Loaded Gels and Emulgels: Development, Biopharmaceutical Evaluation, and Biological Activity In Vitro
Authors: Jokubaite Monika , Pukenaite Greta , Marksa Mindaugas , Ramanauskiene Kristina
Published: October 2023

Balsam poplar buds have been used for wound healing and treating irritated skin in traditional medicine. Balsam poplar buds extracts exhibit anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial effects. In recent years, scientific research has begun to validate some of these traditional uses, leading to an increased interest in balsam poplar buds as a potential source of natural remedies in modern medicine. The study aims to simulate semi-solid pharmaceutical forms with balsam poplar buds extract and evaluate their quality through biopharmaceutical research. The active compounds identified in Lithuanian poplar buds were p-coumaric acid, cinnamic acid, caffeic acid, galangin, pinocembrin, pinobanksin, and salicin. In gels, pH values ranged from 5.85 ± 0.05 to 5.95 ± 0.07. The determined pH values of emulgels ranged from 5.13 ± 0.05 to 5.66 ± 0.15. After 6 h, the release of active compounds from gels and emulgels ranged from 47.40 ± 2.41% to 71.17 ± 3.54. p-coumaric acid dominates in the balsam poplar buds extracts. The pH values of the prepared sem-solid pharmaceutical forms are suitable for use on the skin. The viscosity of the formulations depends on the amount of gelling agent. All formulations showed antioxidant activity. It is relevant to conduct a more extensive study on the influence of the chosen carrier on the release of active compounds from semi-solid formulations with an extract of balsam poplar buds.
Understanding the Snow Cover Climatology over Turkey from ERA5-Land Reanalysis Data and MODIS Snow Cover Frequency Product
Authors: Akyurek Zuhal , Kuter Semih , Karaman Çağrı H. , Akpınar Berkay
Published: October 2023

Understanding the distribution, patterns, and characteristics of snowfall and snow cover within a given region over extended periods is important. Snow climatology provides valuable insights into the seasonal and long-term variations in snowfall, helping researchers and meteorologists understand the impacts of climate change on snow accumulation, melt rates, and snowmelt runoff. In this study, in order to understand the spatial and temporal variation in snow cover in Turkey, the temporal and spatial dynamics of snow cover in the country were analyzed during the latest and longest period from 1970 to 2022 using ERA5-Land reanalysis product. It is aimed (1) to show snow-covered area (SCA), snow duration, and snow depth trends over the country; (2) to examine the altitudinal difference of snow phenology response to climate change; and (3) to evaluate the Snow Cover Frequency Maps from MODIS Snow Cover Products with the reanalysis snow depth data. It is found that the “false snow” mapping problem still exists in the MOD10C1_CGF Snow Cover Frequency maps over Turkey, especially in the melting period. We found that an increasing trend of 0.4 °C/decade and snow duration have a decreasing trend due to the early melting between 1970 and 2022. This trend is even more noticeable at elevations below 2000 m. Another important finding is the decreasing trend in snow duration at altitudes below 500 m, indicating a shift from snow to rain for precipitation types.
Changes of Symptoms of Anxiety, Depression, and Fatigue in Cancer Patients 3 Months after a Video-Based Intervention
Authors: Schlecht Sina , Neubert Sven , Meng Karin , Rabe Antonia , Jentschke Elisabeth
Published: October 2023

During the COVID-19 pandemic, social distancing restricted psycho-oncological care. Therefore, this secondary analysis examines the changes in anxiety, fear of progression, fatigue, and depression in cancer patients after a video-based eHealth intervention. We used a prospective observational design with 155 cancer patients with mixed tumor entities. Data were assessed before and after the intervention and at a three-month follow-up using self-reported questionnaires (GAD-7, FOP-Q-SF, PHQ-8, and EORTC QLQ-FA12). The eight videos included psychoeducation, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy elements, and yoga and qigong exercises. The results showed that three months after finishing the video-based intervention, participants showed significantly reduced fear of progression (d = −0.23), depression (d = −0.27), and fatigue (d = −0.24) compared to the baseline. However, there was no change in anxiety (d = −0.09). Findings indicated marginal improvements in mental distress when using video-based intervention for cancer patients for up to three months, but long-term effectiveness must be confirmed using a controlled design.
Physical Pretreatments Applied in Three Commercial Kits for the Extraction of High-Quality DNA from Activated Sewage Sludge
Authors: Vásquez Claudio , Leyton-Carcaman Benjamín , Cid-Alda Fernanda P. , Segovia Iñaky , Pinto Fernanda , Abanto Michel
Published: October 2023

Obtaining sufficient and high-quality genomic DNA from sludge samples is a fundamental issue of feasibility and comparability in genomic studies of microbial diversity. Commercial kits for soil are often used for the extraction of gDNA from sludge samples due to the lack of specific kits. However, the evaluation of the performance of commercial kits for sludge DNA extraction is scarce and optimization of these methods to obtain a high quantity and quality of DNA is necessary, especially for downstream genomic sequencing. Sequential batch reactors (SBRs) loaded with lignocellulosic biomass are used for the synthesis of renewable resources such as levulinic acid (LA), adipic acid (AA), and polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), and the biochemical synthesis of these compounds is conducted through the inoculation of microbes present in the residual activated sludge (AS) obtained from a municipal wastewater treatment plant. To characterize these microbes, the extraction of DNA from residual sewage sludge was conducted with three different commercial kits: Nucleospin® Soil from Macherey-Nagel, DNEasy® PowerSoil® from Qiagen, and E.Z.N.A.® Plant DNA Kit from Omega BIO-TEK. Nevertheless, to obtain the highest load and quality of DNA for next-generation sequencing (NGS) analysis, different pretreatments and different combinations of these pretreatments were used. The pretreatments considered were an ultrasonic bath and a temperature of 80 °C, together and separately with different incubation time periods of 30, 60, and 90 min. The results obtained suggest a significant improvement in the efficiency and quality of DNA extraction with the three commercial extraction kits when used together with the ultrasonic bath and 80 °C for 60 min. Here, we were able to prove that physical pretreatments are a viable alternative to chemical lysis for DNA extraction from complex samples such as sludge.
Environmental Endocrinology: Parabens Hazardous Effects on Hypothalamic–Pituitary–Thyroid Axis
Authors: Azeredo Damáris Barcelos Cunha , de Sousa Anselmo Denilson , Soares Paula , Graceli Jones Bernardes , Magliano D’Angelo Carlo , Miranda-Alves Leandro
Published: October 2023

Parabens are classified as endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) capable of interfering with the normal functioning of the thyroid, affecting the proper regulation of the biosynthesis of thyroid hormones (THs), which is controlled by the hypothalamic–pituitary–thyroid axis (HPT). Given the crucial role of these hormones in health and the growing evidence of diseases related to thyroid dysfunction, this review looks at the effects of paraben exposure on the thyroid. In this study, we considered research carried out in vitro and in vivo and epidemiological studies published between 1951 and 2023, which demonstrated an association between exposure to parabens and dysfunctions of the HPT axis. In humans, exposure to parabens increases thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels, while exposure decreases TSH levels in rodents. The effects on THs levels are also poorly described, as well as peripheral metabolism. Regardless, recent studies have shown different actions between different subtypes of parabens on the HPT axis, which allows us to speculate that the mechanism of action of these parabens is different. Furthermore, studies of exposure to parabens are more evident in women than in men. Therefore, future studies are needed to clarify the effects of exposure to parabens and their mechanisms of action on this axis.
Preparation of NIn-Methyl-6-[18F]fluoro- and 5-Hydroxy-7-[18F]fluorotryptophans as Candidate PET-Tracers for Pathway-Specific Visualization of Tryptophan Metabolism
Authors: Kolks Niklas , Neumaier Felix , Neumaier Bernd , Zlatopolskiy Boris D.
Published: October 2023

Tryptophan (Trp) is an essential proteinogenic amino acid and metabolic precursor for several signaling molecules that has been implicated in many physiological and pathological processes. Since the two main branches of Trp metabolism—serotonin biosynthesis and kynurenine pathway—are differently affected by a variety of neurological and neoplastic diseases, selective visualization of these pathways is of high clinical relevance. However, while positron emission tomography (PET) with existing probes can be used for non-invasive assessment of total Trp metabolism, optimal imaging agents for pathway-specific PET imaging are still lacking. In this work, we describe the preparation of two 18F-labeled Trp derivatives, NIn-methyl-6-[18F]fluorotryptophan (NIn-Me-6-[18F]FTrp) and 5-hydroxy-7-[18F]fluorotryptophan (5-HO-7-[18F]FTrp). We also report feasible synthetic routes for the preparation of the hitherto unknown boronate radiolabeling precursors and non-radioactive reference compounds. Under optimized conditions, alcohol-enhanced Cu-mediated radiofluorination of the respective precursors afforded NIn-Me-6-[18F]FTrp and 5-HO-7-[18F]FTrp as application-ready solutions in radiochemical yields of 45 ± 7% and 29 ± 4%, respectively. As such, our work provides access to two promising candidate probes for pathway-specific visualization of Trp metabolism in amounts sufficient for their preclinical evaluation.
Histamine H4 Receptor Antagonist Ameliorates the Progression of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis via Regulation of T-Cell Imbalance
Authors: Aldossari Abdullah A. , Assiri Mohammed A. , Ansari Mushtaq A. , Nadeem Ahmed , Attia Sabry M. , Bakheet Saleh A. , Albekairi Thamer H. , Alomar Hatun A. , Al-Mazroua Haneen A. , Almanaa Taghreed N. , Al-Hamamah Mohammed A. , Alwetaid Mohammad Y. , Ahmad Sheikh F.
Published: October 2023

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a degenerative condition characterized by immune-mediated attacks on the central nervous system (CNS), resulting in demyelination and recurring T-cell responses. The histamine H4 receptor (H4R) is mainly expressed in cellular populations and plays a vital role in inflammation and immunological responses. The role of H4R in neurons of the CNS has recently been revealed. However, the precise role of H4R in neuronal function remains inadequately understood. The objective of this work was to investigate the impact of JNJ 10191584 (JNJ), a highly effective and specific H4R antagonist, on the development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and to gain insight into the underlying mechanism involved. In this study, we examined the potential impact of JNJ therapy on the course of EAE in SJL/J mice. EAE mice were administered an oral dose of JNJ at a concentration of 6 mg/kg once a day, starting from day 10 and continuing until day 42. Afterward, the mice’s clinical scores were assessed. In this study, we conducted additional research to examine the impact of JNJ on several types of immune cells, specifically Th1 (IFN-γ and T-bet), Th9 (IL-9 and IRF4), Th17 (IL-17A and RORγt), and regulatory T (Tregs; Foxp3 and TGF-β1) cells in the spleen. In this study, we further investigated the impact of JNJ on the mRNA expression levels of IFN-γ, T-bet, IL-9, IRF4, IL-17A, RORγt, Foxp3, and TGF-β1 in the brain. Daily treatment of JNJ effectively reduced the development of EAE in mice. The percentages of CD4+IFN-γ+, CD4+T-bet+, CD4+IL-9+, CD4+IRF4+, CD4+IL-17A+, and CD4+RORγt+ cells were shown to decrease, whereas the percentages of CD4+TGF-β1+ and CD4+Foxp3+ cells were observed to increase in EAE mice treated with JNJ. Therefore, the HR4 antagonist positively affected the course of EAE by modulating the signaling of transcription factors. The identified results include possible ramifications in the context of MS treatment.
Investigation of the Membrane Localization and Interaction of Selected Flavonoids by NMR and FTIR Spectroscopy
Authors: Kapral-Piotrowska Justyna , Strawa Jakub W. , Jakimiuk Katarzyna , Wiater Adrian , Tomczyk Michał , Gruszecki Wiesław I. , Pawlikowska-Pawlęga Bożena
Published: October 2023

In this report, we discuss the effects of undescribed flavone derivatives, HZ4 and SP9, newly isolated from the aerial parts of Hottonia palustris L. and Scleranthus perennis L. on membranes. Interaction of flavonoids with lipid bilayers is important for medicinal applications. The experiments were performed with FTIR and NMR techniques on liposomes prepared from DPPC (dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine) and EYPC (egg yolk phosphatidylcholine). The data showed that the examined polyphenols incorporate into the polar head group region of DPPC phospholipids at both 25 °C and 45 °C. At the lower temperature, a slight effect in the spectral region of the ester carbonyl group is observed. In contrast, at 45 °C, both compounds bring about the changes in the spectral regions attributed to antisymmetric and symmetric stretching vibrations of CH2 and CH3 moieties. Similarly, as in DPPC lipids, the tested compounds interact with the fingerprint region of the polar head groups of the EYPC lipids and cause its reorganization. The outcomes obtained by NMR analyses confirmed the localization of both flavonoids in the polar heads zone. Unraveled effects of HZ4 and SP9 in respect to lipid bilayers can partly determine their biological activities and are crucial for their usability in medicine as disease-preventing phytochemicals.
Feature Refinement Method Based on the Two-Stage Detection Framework for Similar Pest Detection in the Field
Authors: Chen Hongbo , Wang Rujing , Du Jianming , Chen Tianjiao , Liu Haiyun , Zhang Jie , Li Rui , Zhou Guotao
Published: October 2023

Efficient pest identification and control is critical for ensuring food safety. Therefore, automatic detection of pests has high practical value for Integrated Pest Management (IPM). However, complex field environments and the similarity in appearance among pests can pose a significant challenge to the accurate identification of pests. In this paper, a feature refinement method designed for similar pest detection in the field based on the two-stage detection framework is proposed. Firstly, we designed a context feature enhancement module to enhance the feature expression ability of the network for different pests. Secondly, the adaptive feature fusion network was proposed to avoid the suboptimal problem of feature selection on a single scale. Finally, we designed a novel task separation network with different fusion features constructed for the classification task and the localization task. Our method was evaluated on the proposed dataset of similar pests named SimilarPest5 and achieved a mean average precision (mAP) of 72.7%, which was better than other advanced object detection methods.
Accuracy of the Injection-Based Occlusion Tool Utilizing Saline and Glucose Solution in Cryoballoon Ablation Guided by a Novel Dielectric Imaging System
Authors: Mo Binfeng , Yuan Jiali , Lian Xiaoming , Cai Xingxing , Wang Qunshan , Li Yigang
Published: October 2023

Introduction: The aim of this study is to assess the accuracy of the injection-based occlusion (IBO) tool utilizing saline and glucose solution in verifying pulmonary vein (PV) occlusion during cryoballoon ablation guided by a novel dielectric system (KODEX–EPD system). Methods: In this retrospective study, we enrolled 34 consecutive patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF) who underwent their initial cryoballoon ablation procedure guided by the KODEX-EPD system. PV occlusion was firstly assessed by the IBO tool utilizing saline or glucose solution and then verified by direct contrast angiography. Patients were divided into two groups according to the fluid used in the IBO tool: the Saline Group and the Glucose Group. Results: The overall procedure time and fluoroscopy time were comparable between the Saline Group and the Glucose Group (113.7 ± 18.3 vs. 108.4 ± 15.9 min; p = 0.375 and 10.1 ± 3.7 vs. 9.3 ± 3.5 min; p = 0.559). The IBO tool was utilized a total of 138 times in the Saline Group and 135 times in the Glucose Group. When assessing PV occlusion, the IBO tool using saline demonstrated a sensitivity of 92.6% and a specificity of 95.2% compared to angiography. Similarly, the IBO tool utilizing glucose solution showed a sensitivity of 93.2% and a specificity of 96.1%. Conclusions: The IBO tool utilizing non-contrast fluid, saline and glucose solution, demonstrates a high level of sensitivity and specificity in accurately predicting PV occlusion during cryoablation procedures. Both the saline and glucose solutions used in the IBO tool show promising results in effectively assessing PV occlusion.
FastSkin® Concept: A Novel Treatment for Complex Acute and Chronic Wound Management
Authors: di Summa Pietro G. , Di Marzio Nicola , Jafari Paris , Jaconi Marisa E. , Nesic Dobrila
Published: October 2023

Successful treatments for acute and chronic skin wounds remain challenging. The goal of this proof-of-concept study was to assess the technical feasibility and safety of a novel wound treatment solution, FastSkin®, in a pig model. FastSkin® was prepared from skin micrografts patterned in blood using acoustic waves. Upon coagulation, the graft was transferred on a silicone sheet and placed on wounds. Six full-thickness wounds were created at the back of two pigs and treated with either FastSkin®, split-thickness skin graft (positive control), a gauze coverage (negative control, NC1), or blood patterned without micrografts (negative control, NC2). Silicone sheets were removed after 7, 14, and 21 days. Wound healing was monitored for six weeks and evaluated macroscopically for re-epithelialization and morphometrically for residual wound area and wound contraction. Tissue regeneration was assessed with histology after six weeks. Re-epithelialization was faster in wounds covered with FastSkin® treatments compared to NC2 and in NC2 compared to NC1. Importantly, an enhanced collagen organization was observed in FastSkin® in contrast to NC treatments. In summary, two clinically approved skin wound treatments, namely micrografting and blood clot graft, were successfully merged with sound-induced patterning of micrografts to produce an autologous, simple, and biologically active wound treatment concept.
Bile Acids Pneumonia: A Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Early-Term Neonates
Authors: Perri Alessandro , Patti Maria , Velardi Margherita , Sbordone Annamaria , Prontera Giorgia , Fattore Simona , D’Andrea Vito , Tana Milena , Vento Giovanni
Published: October 2023

Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) complicates among 0.2–2% of pregnancies and has been associated with adverse perinatal outcomes, including sudden stillbirth, meconium strained fluid, preterm birth, perinatal asphyxia, and transient tachypnea of the newborn. The diagnosis of “bile acids pneumonia” was previously proposed and a causative role of bile acids (BA) was supposed with a possible mechanism of action including surfactant dysfunction, inflammation, and chemical pneumonia. In the last few years, the role of lung ultrasound (LUS) in the diagnosis and management of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome has grown, and LUS scores have been introduced in the literature, as an effective predictor of the need for surfactant treatment among neonates with respiratory distress syndrome. We present four cases of infants born from pregnancies complicated by ICP, who developed respiratory distress syndrome early after birth. Lung ultrasound showed the same pattern for all infants, corresponding to a homogeneous alveolar–interstitial syndrome characterized by a diffuse coalescing B-line pattern (white lung). All infants evaluated require non-invasive respiratory support and in three cases surfactant administration, despite the near-term gestational age, with rapid improvement of respiratory disease and a good clinical outcome.
A Review of Therapeutic Drug Monitoring in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease Receiving Combination Therapy
Authors: Patel Sanket , Yarur Andres J.
Published: October 2023

Background: Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) impacts millions worldwide, presenting a major challenge to healthcare providers and patients. The advent of biologic therapies has enhanced the prognosis, but many patients exhibit primary or secondary non-response, underscoring the need for rigorous monitoring and therapy optimization to improve outcomes. Objective: This narrative review seeks to understand the role of therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) in optimizing treatment for IBD patients, especially for those on combination therapies of biologics and immunomodulators. Methods: A comprehensive synthesis of the current literature was undertaken, focusing on the application, benefits, limitations, and future directions of TDM in patients receiving a combination of biologic therapies and immunomodulators. Results: While biological therapies have improved outcomes, rigorous monitoring and therapy optimization are needed. TDM has emerged as a pivotal strategy, enhancing outcomes cost-effectively while reducing adverse events. While most data pertain to monotherapies, TDM’s applicability also extends to combination therapy. Conclusion: TDM plays a crucial role in the treatment optimization of IBD patients on combination therapies. Further research is needed to fully understand its potential and limitations in the broader context of IBD management.
A Review on Electroactive Polymer–Metal Composites: Development and Applications for Tissue Regeneration
Authors: Acharya Rumi , Dutta Sayan Deb , Patil Tejal V. , Ganguly Keya , Randhawa Aayushi , Lim Ki-Taek
Published: October 2023

Electroactive polymer–metal composites (EAPMCs) have gained significant attention in tissue engineering owing to their exceptional mechanical and electrical properties. EAPMCs develop by combining an electroactive polymer matrix and a conductive metal. The design considerations include choosing an appropriate metal that provides mechanical strength and electrical conductivity and selecting an electroactive polymer that displays biocompatibility and electrical responsiveness. Interface engineering and surface modification techniques are also crucial for enhancing the adhesion and biocompatibility of composites. The potential of EAPMC-based tissue engineering revolves around its ability to promote cellular responses, such as cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation, through electrical stimulation. The electrical properties of these composites can be used to mimic natural electrical signals within tissues and organs, thereby aiding tissue regeneration. Furthermore, the mechanical characteristics of the metallic components provide structural reinforcement and can be modified to align with the distinct demands of various tissues. EAPMCs have extraordinary potential as regenerative biomaterials owing to their ability to promote beneficial effects in numerous electrically responsive cells. This study emphasizes the characteristics and applications of EAPMCs in tissue engineering.
On the Effect of Wave Direction on Control and Performance of a Moored Pitching Wave Energy Conversion System
Authors: Paduano Bruno , Faedo Nicolás , Mattiazzo Giuliana
Published: October 2023

In the pathways towards the commercialisation of wave energy systems, the need for reliable mathematical models is of paramount importance for the design and synthesis of model-based control techniques to maximise the performance of wave energy converters (WECs). Furthermore, these offshore marine systems are held in position by the use of mooring systems, which have recently been analysed beyond survivability conditions to investigate their influence on control synthesis and device performance. In this study, we delve into the complex challenge of incorporating relevant mooring dynamics in defining a representative control action while also examining the influence of wave directionality on the overall procedure. For the specific case of a spread mooring system, where the hull cannot weathervane and operates based on directionality, control synthesis must be performed taking into account this characteristic of the resource. In this context, because it is able to harvest energy from only the bow-directed waves, the PeWEC is considered as a representative case study. The control synthesis is realised using a tailored data-based model, and device performance is evaluated across different site conditions while accounting for wave direction. Among our overall conclusions, we show that neglecting the directionality of the wave resource for the PeWEC case study can lead to an overestimation of device performance of up to 50%, even though a prevalent wave direction exists at the site.
How Different Molecular Markers Estimate the Diversity of European Species of the Ganoderma Genus
Authors: Pristas Peter , Beck Terezia , Nosalova Lea , Gaperova Svetlana , Gaper Jan
Published: October 2023

Based on published anatomical-morphological and ecological characteristics and phylogenetic evidence, six species of the Ganoderma genus are known to occur in Europe, namely, G. applanatum (Pers.) Pat., G. adspersum (Schulzer) Donk, G. pfeifferi Bres., G. resinaceum Boud., G. carnosum Pat., and G. lucidum (Curtis) P. Karst. Molecular markers (DNA sequences of selected genes or intergenic spacers) revolutionized our view of fungal variability. Every one of the four most frequently used molecular markers (ITS (internal transcribed spacer) and partial sequences of LSU (rRNA large subunit), tef1-α (translation elongation factor 1-alpha), and Rpb2 (RNA polymerase II second largest subunit)) provides a different view on the variability of European species of the Ganoderma genus. Both the lowest intraspecies variability and the best species differentiation (interspecies divergence) were observed for the LSU marker, and based on our data, this marker could be recommended for identification and species delineation in European Ganoderma spp. The sequences of the most frequently used ITS marker were unable to discriminate between G. lucidum and G. carnosum, and in general, this species pair showed the lowest interspecies divergence using all markers tested. Surprisingly, up to now, hidden variability has been detected in several Ganoderma spp., indicating the existence of possible cryptic taxa within the European Ganoderma morphospecies.
Energy, Trophic Dynamics and Ecological Discounting
Authors: Karakatsanis Georgios , Mamassis Nikos
Published: October 2023

Ecosystems provide humanity with a wide variety and high economic value-added services, from biomass structuring to genetic information, pollutants’ decomposition, water purification and climate regulation. The foundation of ecosystem services is the Eltonian Pyramid, where via prey–predator relationships, energy metabolism and biomass building take place. In the context of existing ecosystem services classification and valuation methods (e.g., CICES, MEA, TEEB), financial investments in ecosystem services essentially address the conservation of trophic pyramids. Our work’s main target is to investigate how trophic pyramids’ dynamics (stability or instability) impact the long-run discounting of financial investments on ecosystem services’ value. Specifically, a trophic pyramid with highly fluctuating populations generates higher risks for the production of ecosystem services, hence for ecological finance instruments coupled to them, due to higher temporal uncertainty or information entropy that should be incorporated into their discount rates. As this uncertainty affects negatively the net present value (NPV) of financial capital on ecosystem services, we argue that the minimization of biomass fluctuations in trophic pyramids via population control should be among the priorities of ecosystem management practices. To substantiate our hypothesis, we construct a logistic predation model, which is consistent with the Eltonian Pyramid’s ecological energetics. As the logistic predator model’s parameters determine the tropic pyramid’s dynamics and uncertainty, we develop an adjusted Shannon entropy index (H(N)ADJ) to measure this effect as part of the discount rate. Indicatively, we perform a Monte Carlo simulation of a pyramid with intrinsic growth parameter values that yield oscillating population sizes. Finally, we discuss, from an ecological energetics standpoint, issues of competition and diversity in trophic pyramids, as special dimensions and extensions of our analytical framework.
Earthquake and War-Damaged Trees in Urban History: Non-Destructive Tree Diagnosis Using Sonic Tomography
Authors: Negishi Takayo , Kanno Hirotsugu
Published: October 2023

It has been a century since the Great Kanto earthquake and 78 years since WWII, both of which were catastrophic events in Japan’s history. Preserving memories of urban disasters is essential for preventing future tragedies, and while survivors’ testimonies hold great power, their numbers dwindle over time. However, trees which bear the scars of disaster can also serve as valuable storytellers. This study investigates earthquake and war-damaged trees, including 11 Gingo trees, 1 Chinquapin, and 1 Japanese nutmeg tree, located at the Yushima Seido Temple in Tokyo, and highlights their importance in preserving memories. The trees were measured using a sonic tomography tree internal diagnosis device, resulting in a total of 41 cross-sections that captured their conditions in images. The results indicated an ideal measurement method for trees located on slopes, as well as identifying a new type of classification shape for measurement cross-sections. The results of this research should primarily be of benefit to tree owners, but it is hoped that the benefits can also extend to a wider audience by increasing awareness about the significance of trees with unique urban historical narratives, aiding the preservation of urban green space, aiding in disaster preparedness, and promoting the role of such tress in peace education.
Non-Standard Grammatical Features in Castile-La Mancha
Authors: Camus Bergareche Bruno
Published: October 2023

The Spanish spoken in contemporary Castile-La Mancha has been traditionally considered as a mere transitional variety between Northern Castilian and Southern Spanish of the Andalusian type. In the few works devoted to its description, local phonetics attracted a good part of the attention, and the characterisation of its grammar was limited to a heterogeneous list of morphological and syntactic features. Amonag them, there was the presence of leísmo and laísmo in some areas of the region, the considerable extension of sub-standard trends, commonly found in other peninsular varieties (dequeísmo, deísmo, non-standard clitic sequences me se or te se …) and other less-extended features such as the transitive use of the verbs entrar, caer or quedar. In this work, we will address the description of the local manifestations of three grammatical features (third-person clitic pronoun systems, deísmo and reduction in second-person plural desinences) that are widely distributed in Castile-La Mancha and may be considered as general specific traits. By doing so we aim to offer a better definition of the Spanish spoken in this region, beyond the transitional cliché. A temptative approach to determine internal boundaries will also be made in order to illuminate some of the historical components that lie beyond the constitution of this Southern Spanish variety.
Graph Algebras and Derived Graph Operations
Authors: Wolter Uwe , Truong Tam T.
Published: October 2023

We revise our former definition of graph operations and correspondingly adapt the construction of graph term algebras. As a first contribution to a prospective research field, Universal Graph Algebra, we generalize some basic concepts and results from algebras to graph algebras. To tackle this generalization task, we revise and reformulate traditional set-theoretic definitions, constructions and proofs in Universal Algebra by means of more category-theoretic concepts and constructions. In particular, we generalize the concept of generated subalgebra and prove that all monomorphic homomorphisms between graph algebras are regular. Derived graph operations are the other main topic. After an in-depth analysis of terms as representations of derived operations in traditional algebras, we identify three basic mechanisms to construct new graph operations out of given ones: parallel composition, instantiation, and sequential composition. As a counterpart of terms, we introduce graph operation expressions with a structure as close as possible to the structure of terms. We show that the three mechanisms allow us to construct, for any graph operation expression, a corresponding derived graph operation in any graph algebra.
Effect of Current Waveforms during Directed Energy Deposition of 4043 Aluminum Alloy on Microstructure, Hardness, and Wear of Alloy
Authors: Ujjwal Kumar , Anand Kumar Katipalli , Anand Mukul , Singh Raman R. K. , Das Alok Kumar
Published: October 2023

Wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) was employed to fabricate 4043 aluminum alloy walls. To investigate the effects of sinusoidal, triangular, and rectangular waveforms of alternating current (AC) and their transients on the wall geometry, microstructure evolution, hardness, and wear properties were evaluated. The root mean square (RMS) current value was maximum for the rectangular and minimum for the triangular waveform. The section produced by the triangular waveform had the highest height-to-width ratio, indicating that this waveform can be a favorable choice for creating components using WAAM. The optical micrographs of the transverse cross-section of the printed sections revealed the grain structure produced with this waveform to be heterogeneous, having a columnar dendritic structure at the bottom and equiaxed at the top portion. The waveforms also had an impact on the hardness and wear characteristics of all the walls, which were attributed to their cooling rate.
Zinc-Intercalated Halloysite Nanotubes as Potential Nanocomposite Fertilizers with Targeted Delivery of Micronutrients
Authors: Maximov Prokopiy , Dasi Evan , Kalinina Natalia , Ruban Alexey , Pokidko Boris , Rudmin Maxim
Published: October 2023

This study reports on the development of nanocomposites utilizing a mineral inhibitor and a micronutrient filler. The objective was to produce a slow release fertilizer, with zinc sulfate as the filler and halloysite nanotubes as the inhibitor. The study seeks to chemically activate the intercalation of zinc into the macro-, meso-, and micropores of the halloysite nanotubes to enhance their performance. As a result, we obtained three nanocomposites in zinc sulfate solution with concentrations of 2%, 20%, and 40%, respectively, which we named Hly-7Å-Zn2, Hly-7Å-Zn20, and Hly-7Å-Zn40. We investigated the encapsulation of zinc sulfate in halloysite nanotubes using X-ray diffraction analysis, transmission electron spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy with an energy-dispersive spectrometer. No significant changes were observed in the initial mineral parameters when exposed to a zinc solution with a concentration of 2 mol%. It was proven that zinc was weakly intercalated in the micropore space of the halloysite through the increase in its interlayer distance from 7.2 to 7.4. With an increase in the concentration of the reacted solution, the average diameter of the nanotubes increased from 96 nm to 129 nm, indicating that the macropore space of the nanotubes, also known as the “site”, was filled. The activated nanocomposites exhibit a maximum fixed content of adsorbed zinc on the nanotube surface of 1.4 wt%. The TEM images reveal an opaque appearance in the middle section of the nanotubes. S SEM images revealed strong adhesion of halloysite nanotubes to plant tissues. This property guarantees prolonged retention of the fertilizer on the plant surface and its resistance to leaching through irrigation or rainwater. Surface spraying of halloysite nanotubes offers accurate delivery of zinc to plants and prevents soil and groundwater contamination, rendering this fertilizer ecologically sound. The suggested approach of activating halloysite with a zinc solution appears to be a possible route forward, with potential for the production of tailored fertilizers in the days ahead.