bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
At Home At School
Authors: Finley Susan , Vonk Carmen , Finley Madeleine L.
Published: September 2014

This article demonstrates the pedagogy and performance of a radical ethical aesthetic. It emerges from a mural-making project that exists in the confluence of critical arts-based research and emancipatory and transformative educational practices. Critical arts-based inquiry is a methodology for ethical research that is futuristic, socially responsible, and useful in addressing social inequities. The critical arts-based research that is demonstrated here was constructed to be deliberately transformative of repressive social structures, and to inspire its participants and its audiences to both, reflection and ethical, political action.
Agenesis of Corpus Callosum and Frontotemporal Dementia
Authors: Calabrò Rocco Salvatore , Spadaro Letteria , Marra Angela , Balletta Tina , Cammaroto Simona , Bramanti Placido
Published: September 2014

Agenesis of corpus callosum (AgCC) is a congenital malformation characterized by total or partial absence of corpus callosum with a good neuropsychological profile. Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is the third most common cause of cortical dementia, and it is characterized by alterations in personality and social relationship, often associated with deficits in attention, abstraction, planning, and problem solving. Herein, we report a case of a 73-year-old woman presenting with FTD associated with primary AgCC. The possible “causal or casual” relationship between these 2 different conditions should be investigated in large prospective studies.
Transformative Learning and Identity
Authors: Illeris Knud
Published: September 2014

Transformative learning has usually been defined as transformations of meaning perspectives, frames of reference, and habits of mind—as proposed initially by Jack Mezirow. However, several authors have found this definition too narrow and too cognitively oriented, and Mezirow has later emphasized that emotional and social conditions are also important. Thus, there is a need for a broader, more up-to-date, and still significant definition. This article suggests that the target area of transformative learning should be defined by the term “identity,” which explains what this term implies, argues why it is the best possible choice, and gives examples of how the concepts of transformative learning and identity can mutually enrich each other and lead to new understandings in both of these areas.
Intervention strategies for the Department of Defense acquisition process
Authors: Worger Danielle , Jalao Eugene Rex , Wirthlin J Robert , Colombi John , Wu Teresa
Published: September 2014

The Department of Defense (DoD) acquisition system is often challenged by schedule overruns that can be attributed to a complex acquisition process. This process drives great research interests in exploring intervention strategies that would help reduce program development delays. Recent studies indicate that policies that address (1) scope growth, (2) acquisition process variability and (3) program technology maturity should be investigated as they may have significant impact on reducing program completion time. However, quantitatively evaluating the impact of a new policy has been limited due to the lack of system models with appropriate fidelity. The application of a simulation model to address this challenge thus becomes a promising approach. In this research, we explore the benefits of the Enterprise Requirements and Acquisition Model, a discrete event simulation of the DoD acquisition system to quantitatively examine the temporal effects of scope growth, technology maturity, and decreased variation and means process times in post-Design Readiness Review contractor activities. The insights gained from the simulation experiments can potentially help formulate new policies to improve the complex DoD acquisition process.
Reversible spinal cord ischemia as a complication of acute aortic intramural hematoma
Authors: Ullery Brant W , Hobbs Reilly D , Cheung Albert T
Published: September 2014

Aortic intramural hematoma is a variant of acute aortic dissection characterized by localized hemorrhage into the aortic media causing a separation of the intimal and adventitial layers of the aorta. Malperfusion represents an unusual presenting sign of acute intramural hematoma. Herein, we describe the case of a patient with an acute Type A IMH who developed reversible ischemic spinal cord syndrome after presenting with paraplegia as a consequence of malperfusion. A decision was made to delay operative repair and, instead, emergently apply medical interventions to increase spinal cord perfusion pressure. Medical treatment was effective for the treatment of spinal cord ischemia and operative repair of the intramural hematoma was accomplished after complete recovery of neurologic function. This is the third case ever reported of an intramural hematoma presenting in the form of spinal cord ischemia.
Transient nanofluid flow and heat transfer from a moving vertical cylinder in the presence of thermal radiation: Numerical study
Authors: Rajesh V , Beg O Anwar , Mallesh MP
Published: September 2014

A mathematical model is presented for unsteady free convective flow and heat transfer of a viscous nanofluid from a moving vertical cylinder in the presence of thermal radiation. A range of nanofluids containing nanoparticles of Al2O3, Cu, TiO2 and Ag with nanoparticle volume fraction range less than or equal to 0.04 are considered. The governing partial differential equations with the corresponding initial and boundary conditions are solved numerically by a robust, well-tested, implicit finite difference scheme of Crank–Nicolson type, which is efficient, unconditionally stable and convergent. The obtained results are benchmarked with previously published work for special cases of the problem in order to access the accuracy of the numerical method and found to be in excellent agreement. The influence of significant parameters such as nanoparticle volume fraction, nanofluid type, thermal conduction–radiation parameter and thermal Grashof number on the flow and heat transfer characteristics is discussed. This study is relevant to high-temperature nanofluid materials’ processing, chemical engineering coating operations exploiting nanomaterials and so on.
Initiation of negotiation and its role in negotiation research
Authors: Reif Julia A. M. , Brodbeck Felix C.
Published: September 2014

Most psychological studies about negotiation examine processes, strategies, and outcomes by providing a context with given roles, issues, and resources to the parties involved. We argue that this research is incomplete as psychological variables and processes, antecedent to the initiation of negotiation, are excluded. A theoretical model is developed which explains the initiation of negotiation by the key motivational process of discrepancy reduction, which arouses an emotional reaction. It integrates valence, expectancy and instrumentality considerations as moderating variables. The model serves as a research agenda for the psychological study of the prenegotiation phase, and for answering the questions of when and why people initiate (or suppress) negotiations, thereby offering grounds for probing how subsequent negotiations might be affected by characteristics of the prenegotiation phase. The overall aim is to foster our understanding about the psychological origins of negotiations to complement what is already known about the negotiation process.
Redefining the Economics of Geriatric Orthopedics
Authors: Truntzer Jeremy , Nacca Christopher , Paller David , Daniels Alan H
Published: September 2014

Introduction:

The heath care system in the United States is in the midst of a transition, in large part to help accommodate an older and more medically complex population. Central to the current evolution is the reassessment of value based on the cost utility of a particular procedure compared to alternatives. The existing contribution of geriatric orthopedics to the societal burden of disease is substantial, and literature focusing on the economic value of treating elderly populations with musculoskeletal injuries is growing.

Materials and Methods:

A literature review of peer-reviewed publications and abstracts related to the cost-effectiveness of treating geriatric patients with orthopedic injuries was carried out.

Results:

In our review, we demonstrate that while cost-utility studies generally demonstrate net society savings for most orthopedic procedures, geriatric populations often contribute to negative net society savings due to decreased working years and lower salaries while in the workforce. However, the incremental cost-effective ratio for operative intervention has been shown to be below the financial willingness to treat threshold for common procedures including joint replacement surgery of the knee (ICER US$8551), hip (ICER US$17 115), and shoulder (CE US$957) as well as for spinal procedures and repair of torn rotator cuffs (ICER US$12 024). We also discuss the current trends directed toward improving institutional value and highlight important complementary next steps to help overcome the growing demands of an older, more active society.

Conclusion:

The geriatric population places a significant burden on the health care system. However, studies have shown that treating this demographic for orthopedic-related injuries is cost effective and profitable for providers under certain scenarios.
Geriatric High-Energy Polytrauma With Orthopedic Injuries
Authors: Abdelfattah Adham , Core Michael Del , Cannada Lisa K. , Watson J. Tracy
Published: September 2014

Background:

The impact of orthopedic injuries in the elderly patient with multi-trauma and the effect of operative fixation on these injuries have not been thoroughly evaluated.

Methods:

We reviewed geriatric patients (aged 65 and older) between 2004 and 2010 at a level 1 trauma center who sustained high-energy polytrauma (injury and severity score [ISS] ≥ 16) with associated orthopedic injuries. Patients were excluded if they had severe head and spine injuries, died on arrival, or had low-energy mechanisms of injury. Logistic regression was conducted to identify factors that predict mortality.

Results:

There were 154 patients who comprised our study group with an average age of 76 years and an ISS of 23. There were 96 males and 58 females. Overall, 52 patients died within 1 year of their admission: 21 patients during their initial hospital stay and 31 patients within 1 year following admission. In all, 64 (42%) patients underwent operative stabilization of their orthopedic injuries. Increased mortality was seen ( P < .05) in female patients, those with lower admission Glasgow coma score, and those who underwent orthopedic surgery. Patients had worse outcomes if they sustained femur ( P = .014), clavicle, or scapular fractures ( P = .027). Other factures associated with higher mortality included pelvic/acetabular injury requiring surgery ( P = .019) or spine fractures treated nonoperatively ( P = .014).

Conclusion:

The effect of orthopedic injuries on this geriatric polytrauma group contribute to worse outcomes when they included clavicle, scapula, and femur fractures. We also found that pelvic/acetabular fractures treated operatively and nonoperative spine fractures were associated with higher mortality rates. Risk/benefit consideration is suggested when contemplating operative intervention in these patients.
Tristetraprolin is a novel regulator of BDNF
Authors: Kumar Anmol , Varendi Kärt , Peränen Johan , Andressoo Jaan-Olle
Published: September 2014

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) regulates multiple biological processes ranging from central nervous system development and function to neuroinflammation and myogenic differentiation and repair. While coordination of BDNF levels is central in determining the biological outcome, mechanisms involved in controlling BDNF levels are not fully understood. Here we find that both short (BDNF-S) and long (BDNF-L) BDNF 3’UTR isoforms contain conserved adenylate- and uridylate rich elements (AREs) that may serve as binding sites for RNA-binding proteins (ARE-BPs). We demonstrate that ARE-BPs tristetraprolin (TTP) and its family members butyrate response factor 1 (BRF1) and 2 (BRF2) negatively regulate expression from both BDNF-S and BDNF-L containing transcripts in several cell-lines and that interaction between TTP and AU-rich region in proximal 5’ end of BDNF 3’UTR is direct. In line with the above, endogenous BDNF mRNA co-immunoprecipitates with endogenous TTP in differentiated mouse myoblast C2C12 cells and TTP overexpression destabilizes BDNF-S containing transcript. Finally, RNAi-mediated knock-down of TTP increases the levels of endogenous BDNF protein in C2C12 cells. Our findings uncover TTP as a novel regulator of BDNF assisting future studies in different physiological and pathological contexts.
A Method for Memory Integrity Authentication Based on Bloom Filter
Authors: Nianmin Yao , Haifeng Ma , Yong Han
Published: September 2014

Secure processor architectures can provide secure computing environments. All kinds of applications that need high security should be immune to both physical and software attacks through the secure architectures. Memory integrity verification is a key problem while implementing secure processors. This paper proposed a scheme called IV-BF to ensure data integrity. The scheme is one-level hash structure, and it has three advantages over existing mainstream hash tree based schemes: lower computation overhead, lower space overhead and adjustable level of security. This paper evaluated the overhead and the security of IV-BF and compared it with an efficient integrity checking scheme-BMT. The evaluation result shows that for most benchmarks, the overhead of the IV-BF is lower and the IV-BF has 1%–7% performance improvement than the BMT.
Multiple Comparisons for a Psychophysical Test in Bootstrap Logistic Regression
Authors: Mita Norihiro , Sasaki Hiroshi , Kani Kazutaka , Tabuchi Akio , Hara Heihachiro
Published: September 2014

We propose an algorithm of multiple comparisons with a control for a psychophysical test. Our algorithm is based on the step-down procedure and is applicable to the bootstrap test in logistic regression. We use logistic regression combined with guessing rate and log-likelihood ratio test statistics of multiple samples in order to test hypotheses by using non-parametric bootstrap resampling. We apply our algorithm to visual acuity measurement, and show that bootstrap resampling can be used to resolve problems with multiple comparisons especially when the numbers of observations among samples are not identical.
Modeling the Spread of an Obesity Intervention through a Social Network
Authors: Sangachin Mahboobeh , Samadi Mohammadreza , Cavuoto Lora
Published: September 2014

With the growing prevalence of obesity and the public health implications, it is critical to develop and evaluate potential interventions. One approach is to investigate the spread of positive health outcomes through a social network. We employ the ground concepts of spread maximization problem and adapt it to best reflect the dynamics of a weight loss intervention. A diffusion model is then employed for the propagation of weight loss effect throughout the network of obese and overweight individuals. This diffusion model integrates both personal attributes and network‐related attributes of an individual while engaged in a weight loss program. Simulation findings suggest that choosing initial agents based on individual attributes, including ability to lose weight, body mass index, and threshold, produced the highest total weight loss in the network. Greedy algorithm was also applied to choose the most effective subset of initial seeds.
A Robust Electrode Configuration for Bioimpedance Measurement of Respiration
Authors: Wang Hong-bin , Yen Chen-wen , Liang Jing-tao , Wang Qian , Liu Guan-zheng , Song Rong
Published: September 2014

Electrode configuration is an important issue in the continuous measurement of respiration using impedance pneumography (IP). The robust configuration is usually confirmed by comparing the amplitude of the IP signals acquired with different electrode configurations, while the relative change in waveform and the effects of body posture and respiratory pattern are ignored. In this study, the IP signals and respiratory volume are simultaneously acquired from 8 healthy subjects in supine, left lying, right lying and prone postures, and the subjects are asked to perform four respiratory patterns including free breathing, thoracic breathing, abdominal breathing and apnea. The IP signals are acquired with four different chest electrode configurations, and the volume are measured using pneumotachograph (PNT). Differences in correlation and absolute deviation between the IP‐derived and PNT‐derived respiratory volume are assessed. The influences of noise, respiratory pattern and body posture on the IP signals of different configurations have significant difference (p < 0.05). The robust electrode configuration is found on the axillary midline, which is suitable for long term respiration monitoring.
Water-insoluble aerogels made from cellulose nanocrystals and poly(vinyl alcohol)
Authors: Mueller Silvana , Weder Christoph , Foster E. Johan
Published: September 2014

Cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) aerogels are attractive low-density materials, although the brittleness and/or water dispersibility can limit the usefulness of these materials. The authors report here the preparation of water-insoluble aerogels made by lyophilization of aqueous dispersions of low-aspect ratio CNCs extracted from cotton. Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVOH) was added as a polymeric binder, and the PVOH- and the CNC-concentration ([PVOH] and [CNC]) as well as the freeze-drying conditions were systematically varied. The effect of these parameters on the morphology, mechanical properties and the specific surface area of the resulting CNC/PVOH aerogels was investigated. By increasing the PVOH-concentration, the stiffness of the aerogels increases by a factor of two, and varying the [CNC] as well as the freezing method leads to different pore morphologies. An environmentally friendly, isothermal annealing process was used to induce crosslinking without the need for auxiliary chemicals and was shown to decrease the water dispersibility and increase the stiffness by c. 50%. A more pronounced stiffness increase was achieved by chemically crosslinking the nanocomposite aerogels with sodium tetraborate (Na2B4O7), but in this case the water dispersibility was increased. This article contains supporting information that will be made available online once the issue is published.
Study on unblocked reliability of Beijing, China, urban road network
Authors: Wang Zhuo , Diao Pengdi , Zhang Xinyuan , Dong Honghui
Published: September 2014

The urban road network is the basis of urban transportation and its reliability plays an extremely important role in relieving congestion. The present study took unblocked reliability as the index for a road network reliability study. As the saturation cannot fully reflect the traffic situation, first, the formula for unblock reliability was improved and second, the minimal road set algorithm in graph theory was used to simplify the road network as a simple series–parallel network, and by combination with real-time data of the road network in Beijing, China, a calculation method of urban road network reliability was established. Finally, as an extension of the unblocked reliability evaluation, a sensitivity analysis was conducted for each road network and the critical sections in the road network were determined. The simulation results show that the improved unblocked reliability can sensitively reflect the traffic congestion situation and sensitivity analysis based on the unblocked reliability evaluation can effectively locate the sections in the road network that are critical for solving the congestion problem. The results of the study provide reasonable decision-making and theoretic support for traffic management departments.
The Role of Audit Firm Expertise and Knowledge Spillover in Mitigating Earnings Management through the Tax Accounts
Authors: Christensen Brant E. , Olson Adam J. , Omer Thomas C.
Published: September 2014

Tax-related accounts are complex and often the last accounts finalized in the financial reporting process. Accordingly, these accounts can be used as a “last-chance” earnings management tool (Dhaliwal, Gleason, and Mills 2004). We investigate the extent to which an audit firm's industry expertise constrains earnings management through the tax accounts. We find that national industry audit experts constrain earnings management through the tax accounts. We also find that audit firm tax expertise constrains earnings management through the tax accounts when the audit firm is not considered an industry audit expert. Finally, we find evidence that providing both audit and tax services facilitates a nonexpert firm's ability to constrain earnings management through the tax accounts, which suggests that knowledge spillover plays an important role in reducing “last-chance” earnings management. All findings hold among smaller clients and when the extent of earnings management is below quantitative materiality thresholds.

Data Availability: All data are publicly available as noted in the text.
Prevalence and Predictors of Diabetes After Lung Transplantation: A Prospective, Longitudinal Study
Authors: Hackman Kathryn L. , Snell Gregory I. , Bach Leon A.
Published: September 2014

OBJECTIVE

To determine incidence and prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) after lung transplantation (LTx), identify risk factors for persistent DM after LTx, and determine its effect on survival.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

This was a prospective, longitudinal study comparing DM status before and after LTx using oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs). DM prevalence and changes in metabolic control over time were determined. Risk factors for persistent DM and survival differences by DM status were assessed.

RESULTS

Between August 2010 and December 2012, 156 patients underwent LTx. DM prevalence after 3, 12, and 24 months was 47%, 44%, and 40%, respectively. A further 20%, 11%, and 7% had impaired glucose tolerance and/or impaired fasting glucose. Incidence of new-onset DM after transplant (NODAT) was 32%, 30%, and 24% after 3, 12, and 24 months. Nonfasting insulin levels and second phase insulin release fell 3 months after transplant (Tx) but returned to baseline by 2 years. The only risk factors for NODAT were 1- and 2-h glucose levels on pre-Tx OGTT (OR 1.73 [95% CI 1.19–2.50], P = 0.004, and 1.84 [1.22–2.77], P = 0.004, respectively). Survival was reduced in patients with DM at study end versus those without (estimated mean 979 days [95% CI 888–1,071] vs. 1,140 days [1,070–1,210], P = 0.023).

CONCLUSIONS

Most patients had dysglycemia during the first year after LTx, and 32% developed NODAT. Hyperglycemia was caused both by β-cell dysfunction and by insulin resistance. Only pre-Tx OGTT glucose levels predicted persistent NODAT. As DM was common and associated with reduced survival, early detection and management of DM in LTx recipients are warranted.
Comparison of Glycemic and Surgical Outcomes After Change in Glycemic Targets in Cardiac Surgery Patients
Authors: Mulla Irena , Schmidt Kathleen , Cashy John , Wallia Amisha , Andrei Adin-Cristian , Johnson Oakes Diana , Aleppo Grazia , Li Carrie , Grady Kathleen L. , McGee Edwin , Molitch Mark E.
Published: September 2014

OBJECTIVE

To compare perioperative glycemic and long-term surgical outcomes in patients undergoing cardiac surgery before and after the recommended 2009 changes in inpatient glycemic targets.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

We performed a retrospective review of patients who underwent cardiac surgery between 4 September 2007 and 30 April 2011. Comparison was made of blood glucose (BG) outcomes 3 days after surgery, and 30-day cardiac outcomes before and after a change in insulin protocol that took place on 1 September 2009, which consisted of raising the glycemic targets during intravenous insulin infusions from 80–110 mg/dL (80–110 group) to 110–140 mg/dL (110–140 group).

RESULTS

When compared with the 80–110 group (n = 667), the 110–140 group (n = 658) had higher mean postoperative BG levels during the intravenous insulin infusion (141 ± 15 vs. 121 ± 15 mg/dL, P < 0.001) and the subcutaneous insulin period (134 ± 24 vs. 130 ± 23 mg/dL, P < 0.001), and for 3 days postoperatively (141 ± 17 vs. 127 ± 15 mg/dL, P < 0.001). Fewer patients in the 110–140 mg/dL group experienced moderate hypoglycemia (BG <70 mg/dL) (177 vs. 73, P = 0.04). Severe hypoglycemia (BG <40 mg/dL) occurred in only one patient in the 80–110 group and three patients in the 110–140 group. There were no significant differences in mortality or surgical complication rates (with the exception of reintubation) between the groups.

CONCLUSIONS

The higher glycemic target of 110–140 mg/dL resulted in similar mean glucose values, with significantly less hypoglycemia and no significant differences in mortality/morbidity compared with the more strict target of 80–110 mg/dL.
Summer Training Factors and Risk of Musculoskeletal Injury Among High School Cross-country Runners
Authors: Rauh Mitchell J.
Published: September 2014

Study Design

Prospective cohort.

Objectives

To examine the relationship between summer training practices and risk of injury during the first month of a high school interscholastic cross-country season.

Background

Several prospective studies have reported a high incidence of injury in adolescent cross-country runners. However, limited reports exist on the role of summer training practices and risk of injury among these runners.

Methods

Four hundred twenty-one athletes (186 girls, 235 boys) who competed in interscholastic cross-country were followed during a cross-country season. At the start of the season, all participants completed a questionnaire regarding summer training routines. Time-loss, running-related injuries were tracked during the subsequent season. Logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the risk of initial injury during the first month of the season associated with summer training variables.

Results

Sixty-seven runners (15.9%) had a confirmed injury during the first month of the season, with a higher percent among girls (19.4%) than boys (13.2%) (P = .06). Overall, 60.1% of the participants ran during the summer prior to the season, with a significantly higher percent among girls (71.5%) than boys (51.1%) (P<.0001). Overall, no significant association (OR = 0.9; 95% CI: 0.5, 1.5; P = .90) was found between not running sometime during the preceding summer and increased risk of initial injury during the first month of the season. Among only the runners who ran during the summer, after adjusting for sex and prior injury, first-month injuries were more common among those who did not frequently alternate short and long mileage on different days (OR = 3.0; 95% CI: 1.4, 6.4; P = .005), and/or who ran 8 weeks or fewer (OR = 2.7; 95% CI: 1.2, 5.8; P = .01) during their summer training. Running 8 weeks or fewer (P = .03), not frequently alternating mileage on different days (P = .01), and running a higher percentage of time on predominantly hill (P = .001) and irregular terrains (P = .004) were associated with increased risk of injury for girls.

Conclusion

These findings suggest that injuries during the first month of the high school cross-country season may be reduced if runners who participate in summer training activities run a greater number of weeks and frequently vary their daily running mileage during the summer. For girls, training programs that reduce mileage on hills and irregular terrains may help to minimize the occurrence of running-related injury.

Level of Evidence

Prognosis, level 1b-. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2014;44(10):793–804. Epub 5 September 2014. doi:10.2519/jospt.2014.5378
A Meta-Analysis on the Effectiveness of Bilingual Programs in Europe
Authors: Reljić Gabrijela , Ferring Dieter , Martin Romain
Published: September 2014

The effectiveness of bilingual programs for promoting academic achievement of language minority children in the United States has been examined in six meta-analyses. The present meta-analytic study investigates this topic for the first time in the European context. Thorough literature searches uncovered 101 European studies, with only 7 meeting the inclusion criteria. Two studies were excluded from further analyses. Results from the random-effects model of the five remaining studies indicate a small positive effect (g = 0.23; 95% confidence interval [0.10, 0.36]) for bilingual over submersion programs on reading of language minority children. Thus, this meta-analysis supports bilingual education—that is, including the home language of language minority children—in school instruction. However, the generalizability of the results is limited by the small number of studies on this topic. More published studies on bilingual education in Europe are needed as well as closer attention to the size of the effects.
“Something occult in the science of flag-flying”: School Flags and Educational Authority in Early Twentieth-Century Canada
Authors: Pass Forrest D.
Published: September 2014

Abstract:

In 1907 and 1908, the governments of four provinces – Manitoba, Ontario, New Brunswick, and British Columbia – introduced policies to encourage the display of flags on public school buildings and grounds. In British Columbia, the question of flag-flying provoked a heated debate, pitting the provincial minister of education, a proponent of the Union Jack, against city school boards that favoured the Canadian Red Ensign. On one level, school flag policies were part of a well-documented patriotic curriculum and suggested the influence of American patriotic practices. The debate in British Columbia underlined the division in Canadian imperialist sentiment between those who favoured a centralized imperial federation and those who saw Canada as an autonomous state within the British Empire. On the other hand, based on a comparative reading of the four provincial policies and the public responses to them, this article contends that the flag-flying controversy, particularly in British Columbia, reflected a process of jurisdictional negotiation as much as a contestation of identity. Drawing upon Alfred Gell's anthropological theory of art, the article suggests that flags draw their power not only from their status as figurative emblems but also from their employment as physical expressions of political agency.
Dans le royaume ou en marge ?
Authors: Moal Laurence
Published: September 2014

La France, pays à forte centralisation, est le
berceau d’une entité originale au Moyen Âge, les principautés, qui
constituent un élément fondamental pour la compréhension de
l’organisation politique d’une partie de l’Europe. Elles apparaissent
généralement dans la période post-carolingienne, sur des bases
féodales, et deviennent peu à peu, pour certaines d’entre elles, des
États dans lesquels le roi n’intervient plus que par l’intermédiaire
des princes, qui exercent alors les droits royaux sans en avoir le
titre. Pour exister face au royaume de France, ceux-ci ont dû imposer
dans le ressort de leur domination une forme de centralisation et
faire admettre à l’extérieur la reconnaissance de leur souveraineté,
processus dans lequel la frontière joue un rôle décisif. Peut-on pour
autant parler d’une véritable politique de la frontière, d’une
conscience des limites qui tendrait à élaborer de véritables
stratégies territoriales ? Si certaines anciennes limites sont
conservées, d’autres sont remises en cause avec des phases d’expansion
et de repli, dans lesquelles le réseau castral joue un rôle de premier
plan.
Nouvel éclairage sur les Acadiens à Belle-Île-en-Mer à la fin du XVIIIe siècle
Authors: Moreau Jean-Paul
Published: September 2014

En 1765, 78 familles de 363 réfugiés acadiens
furent établies à Belle-Île-en-Mer. L’historiographie insiste très tôt
sur l’échec de cette implantation et, par la suite, de très
importantes divergences statistiques se sont opposées à une vision
claire et précise du devenir de cette population acadienne. L’objectif
majeur de notre travail a été d’établir des données factuelles et
numériques dûment vérifiées et validées et aussi exhaustives que
possible. Ceci nous a permis de proposer un nouvel éclairage sur le
devenir social et économique des Acadiens de Belle-Île-en-Mer. En
dépit des divergences identitaires, 86,7 % des mariages furent des
mariages mixtes ; 24,7 % des familles acadiennes restèrent
définitivement dans l’île ; 30,1 % partirent en Louisiane et 45,2 %
s’établirent dans différent ports du littoral breton.
Groupes et durée
Authors: Maunier René
Published: September 2014

Article publié en 1943 dans Précis d’un traité de sociologie, ouvrage demeuré inachevé. L’auteur y examine la diversité morphologique des « queues  », ou files d’attente, les phénomènes de sociabilité qui s’y déploient, les hiérarchies qui, ici et là, les modèlent, la colère qui parfois les animent (« les queues de la rareté et du désespoir  »).
Les vagues de surf : des convoitises différenciées
Authors: Guibert Christophe
Published: September 2014

Les vagues des rivages côtiers, entendues comme « matérialités naturelles », dont la visibilité tient principalement à leur qualité supposée pour la pratique du surf, constituent un bon moyen d’identifier les procédures d’appropriation différenciées. Trois processus d’appropriation des vagues sont identifiés, renvoyant chacun à des profits escomptés différents, d’ordre tantôt politique, tantôt économique, tantôt « identitaire ». En effet, selon les territoires et les configurations spatiales d’une part puis les volontés des pratiquants et /ou les modes de régulation d’autre part, les vagues de surf peuvent à la fois être « patrimonialisées » aux fins d’identification territoriale (cas principalement étudié), monopolisées plus ou moins exclusivement aux fins de maintien d’une forme d’entre soi ou encore purement et simplement privatisées aux fins de profits économiques. Ces trois entrées, constituées autour de « cas » issus de terrains variés permettent d’insister sur le fait que les processus d’appropriation d’un support identique (la vague) peuvent engager des finalités totalement divergentes.
Restriction of IL-22–Producing T Cell Responses and Differential Regulation of Regulatory T Cell Compartments by Zinc Finger Transcription Factor Ikaros
Authors: Heller Jennifer J. , Schjerven Hilde , Li Shiyang , Lee Aileen , Qiu Ju , Chen Zong-Ming E. , Smale Stephen T. , Zhou Liang
Published: September 2014

Proper immune responses are needed to control pathogen infection at mucosal surfaces. IL-22–producing CD4+ T cells play an important role in controlling bacterial infection in the gut; however, transcriptional regulation of these cells remains elusive. In this study, we show that mice with targeted deletion of the fourth DNA-binding zinc finger of the transcription factor Ikaros had increased IL-22–producing, but not IL-17–producing, CD4+ T cells in the gut. Adoptive transfer of CD4+ T cells from these Ikaros-mutant mice conferred enhanced mucosal immunity against Citrobacter rodentium infection. Despite an intact in vivo thymic-derived regulatory T cell (Treg) compartment in these Ikaros-mutant mice, TGF-β, a cytokine well known for induction of Tregs, failed to induce Foxp3 expression in Ikaros-mutant CD4+ T cells in vitro and, instead, promoted IL-22. Aberrant upregulation of IL-21 in CD4+ T cells expressing mutant Ikaros was responsible, at least in part, for the enhanced IL-22 expression in a Stat3-dependent manner. Genetic analysis using compound mutations further demonstrated that the aryl hydrocarbon receptor, but not RORγt, was required for aberrant IL-22 expression by Ikaros-mutant CD4+ T cells, whereas forced expression of Foxp3 was sufficient to inhibit this aberrant cytokine production. Together, our data identified new functions for Ikaros in maintaining mucosal immune homeostasis by restricting IL-22 production by CD4+ T cells.
Ebullition‐enhanced solute transport in coarse‐grained sediments
Authors: Cheng Chiu H. , Huettel Markus , Wildman Richard A.
Published: September 2014

Pore‐water exchange caused by ebullition of small oxygen bubbles produced by microalgae in the surface layer of sand sediment at St. Joseph Bay (SJB), Gulf of Mexico, was contrasted with ebullition of larger methane bubbles generated by archaea in deeper layers of sub‐littoral sands at Hel Peninsula (HEL), Baltic Sea. At SJB, ebullition of O2‐enriched bubbles in August 2011 averaged 225 ± 132 mL m−2 d−1, and at a mean bubble diameter of 1.0 ± 0.3 mm, up to 516,000 bubbles m2−2 d−1 were released from the upper 10 mm of sediment. Ebullition of CH4‐enriched bubbles at HEL reached 907 ± 278 mL m2−2 d2−1 in August 2003, with bubbles of 10–20 mm diameter ascending from > 100 mm sediment depth at a rate of up to 210 bubbles m−2 d−1. In situ chamber experiments showed that ebullition of 12 mm diameter bubbles from 80 mm sediment depth at a rate of ~ 5 mL min−1 (254 L m−2 d−1) enhanced interfacial fluid flux ~ three‐fold compared to chambers with no ebullition. In contrast, release of 2 mm diameter bubbles from 3 mm sediment depth at a lower rate of ~ 1 mL min−1 increased interfacial flux about 21‐fold in laboratory tests, revealing that frequent ebullition of small bubbles released near the sediment surface enhances sediment‐water fluid flux more effectively than ebullition of larger bubbles ascending from deeper sediment depths at low frequency. Particle image velocimetry showed that bubble ebullition effectively entrained pore fluid into the turbulent boundary layer, thereby enhancing benthic pelagic coupling.
The role of food availability in regulating the feeding dynamics and reproductive cycles of bathyal benthopelagic fish in the northwest Mediterranean slope
Authors: Papiol Vanesa , Cartes Joan E. , Fanelli Emanuela
Published: September 2014

Trophic dynamics and reproductive cycles of fish from the middle slope of the northwest Mediterranean Sea were investigated seasonally from ~ 500 to 1000 m depth. Gut contents of seven species were analyzed, and weights of gonads and livers and C:N ratios of muscle were measured. Additionally, food availability was estimated through analyses of densities of potential prey and of indicators of organic matter sources. The trophic structure of the community was a function of the size of predators and of the height in the near‐bottom water column where megafauna fed. We established three trophic groups: benthic feeders, non‐migrator macroplankton feeders, and small‐sized fish, the latter feeding on macroplankton and hyperbenthos. Seasonal changes in fullness (F) were coupled to cycles of secondary production and to the availability of different food sources. The F of benthic feeders was related to total organic carbon percentage in the sediments, to surface production 2 months before the sampling, and to the abundance of benthic and hyperbenthic prey. For plankton consumers, lipids in the sediments and the abundance of Pasiphaea spp. explained trends in F. Temporal trends in gonadosomatic index (GSI) correlated to food derived from the winter bloom of surface production. Also, increased feeding intensity preceded increases in GSI, but different energy use strategies were deduced from the almost speciesspecific relationships between the GSI and different biological indices. Species from the same trophic guild reproduced at different times of the year, pointing to the existence of species‐specific life strategies that enhance reproductive success.
Analysis of DNA archived in lake sediments
Authors: Gregory‐Eaves Irene , Domaizon Isabelle
Published: September 2014

The goal of this lecture is to provide aquatic scientists and interested laymen with an overview of the potential, methods and exemplary analyses of DNA preserved in lake sediments. This area is an emerging field, as new techniques are opening up avenues for novel studies of the sediment record. Numerous papers in this field have recently been published in Science, PNAS and PLoS ONE. Like many new fields, there are challenges as well as exciting lines of future inquiry, which we dedicate part of the lecture towards.

This lecture starts by providing a brief introduction to paleolimnology, with an emphasis on how DNA studies can expand this field. We then provide information on the ways in which DNA can be archived in sediments & how analyses can differ, depending on the question and target. Examples of the common genetic markers used and how DNA may be sequenced are also highlighted in the methods section. In the second portion of the lecture, we focus on the applications of sedimentary DNA: 1) to the study of particular phytoplankton group dynamics; 2) to the analysis of zooplankton DNA preserved in resting eggs; and, 3) to uncover community‐wide changes in plankton. Finally, we close the lecture with a discussion on challenges and future directions in the field. Advances in the development and calibration of different extraction techniques, as well as further enhancement of genetic libraries and bioinformatics pipelines, are all areas ripe for new research.

This lecture has been prepared with a diverse audience in mind. For example, undergraduate or graduate courses that could be interested in our material include Aquatic Ecology, Limnology, Oceanography, Microbial Ecology, Environmental Genomics and Paleoecology. This lecture could also serve as a useful introduction to non‐specialist audiences that are interested in the potential of the DNA archive preserved in lake sediments (including funding agencies).
Lake Physics to Ecosystem Services: Forel and the Origins of Limnology
Authors: Vincent Warwick F. , Bertola Carinne
Published: September 2014

In 1892, François A. Forel created and defined the new science of Limnology as “the oceanography of lakes.” His aim was to establish an integrative discipline for the aquatic sciences in which diverse types of lake studies, from physics, chemistry and biology, to anthropology and economics, would complement and inform each other to produce a meaningful synthesis. Forel grew up in Morges, Switzerland, on the shores of Lake Geneva (lac Léman), and then left for 11 years to universities in France and Germany to study the natural sciences and medicine. Shortly after his return to Switzerland, he was appointed Professor of Anatomy and Physiology at the Academy of Lausanne. In the first years back at the lake, he made important discoveries about deep‐living benthic animals and surface seiches that reinforced his early decision to adopt Lake Geneva as his “laboratory and aquarium” and to devote his career to limnological research. Forel's remarkable breadth of interests and expertise culminated in 288 reports and publications, including the first text book in general limnology (published 1901), and the seminal, three‐volume monograph on the Limnology of Lake Geneva (1892, 1895 and 1904). Forel's success was the result of his passion for lakes and lake science, an ability to pose and critically evaluate insightful questions about the natural world, a flair for observation and new technologies, a rigorous, encyclopedic ability to collect and synthesize all available information, and a natural talent for networking and collaboration. His view of lakes as coupled physical‐chemical‐biotic‐human systems is particularly relevant to facing the challenges of global change, and the associated rapid shifts in ecosystem services at a planetary scale.

This e‐Lecture is rich in images including previously unpublished photographs of materials held in the Forel Archives at the Lake Geneva Museum, Nyon, Switzerland. The e‐Lecture also places Forel's work in the broader historical context of the development of limnology in Europe, North America and beyond. Central in this presentation is a description of Forel's goal to achieve an integrated synthesis in his lake studies, and his view of humans as a powerful biotic component within the lake ecosystem.
Uncertainty, Crowding Aversion and Tourism Aversion in Tourism Destinations
Authors: Marsiglio Simone
Published: September 2014

The author analyses the implications of crowding aversion and tourism aversion for the economic performance of tourism destinations in the case of uncertain tourist inflows. He analytically characterizes all possible scenarios, showing how different the preferences of tourists (towards crowding) and residents (towards tourism) interact and affect the economic outcome. The paper shows that, when tourists are crowding-averse (crowding lovers), uncertainty leads to deterioration (improvement) of economic performance, while it does not affect performance at all when tourists are crowding-indifferent. However, assessing how this will be reflected in welfare changes is more complex, since it depends also on the degree of tourism aversion among local residents.
Selected aspects of Lentinus edodes (Berk.) Sing. biology in Poland
Authors: Brodziak Łukasz
Published: September 2014

Glucose, mannose, maltose and starek have been shown to be the optimal carbon sources for Lentinus edodes. The most intensive growth took place at 35°C and pH 3.5. The greatest increase In mass occurred at 25°C.
Studies on the communities of soil fungi in selected mountain stands in southern Poland
Authors: Kowalski Stefan
Published: September 2014

In the paper results are presented of a study on isolated fungi from the soil, rhizosphere, roots and mycorrhiza of fir natural regeneration in selected stands of the Carpathian and Sudety Mts. A comparison was made of the fungal communities in stands where fir regenerated well with those in stands where such regeneration was lacking.
Studies on Thermoascus aurantiacus Miehe
Authors: Subrahmanyam A.
Published: September 2014

Thermoascus aurantiacus bas been shown to be widely distributed in India on various substrates. Its growth characters at three different temperatures and five pH values have been studied. Its carbon and nitrogen requirements have been investigated at two different temperatures. Preliminary investigations showed that none of the isolates included in the present study are pathogenic.
Rare and new Labonlbeniales from Poland. VI
Authors: Majewski Tomasz
Published: September 2014

The author describes two new genera of fungi from the order Laboulbeniales: Tavaresiella gcn.n., similar to Symplectromyces Thaxter, with the type species T. hebri sp. n., and Triceromyces gen.n., related to Distolomyces Thaxler, with type species T. balazucii sp. n.; both are parasites of Hebrus spp. (Heteroptera). A new species on Sphaerosoma globosum (Coleoptera, Endomychidac), Euphoriomyces rossii sp.n. is also described, and the localities of seven other species new for Poland are presented.
Studies on ceratain aspects of root surface fungi. I Fungi on living roots of Pennisetum typhoides (Burm f.) Stapf et Hubb.
Authors: Kanaujia R. S.
Published: September 2014

The present paper deals with the succession of fungi on the root regions of living Pennisetum typhoides. The presence and amounts of amino acids and sugars in root exudates (July to October) and root extracts (July to November) have been studied.
Rare and new Laboulbeniales from Poland. VII
Authors: Majewski Tomasz
Published: September 2014

This publication gives descriptions of four new species: Dipodomyces phloeocharidis sp. n. on Phloeocharis subtilissima, Rickia pachylaelapis sp. n. on Pachylaelaps holothyroides, and Rickia ptiliidaium sp. n. on Nannoptilium sp. There are also the localities of six other species new for Poland.
Fungi of Mt. Babia Góra. II. Indicative value of macromycetes in the forest associations
Authors: Bujakiewicz Anna
Published: September 2014

Mycosociological investigations were performed in the course of 8-year observations on 65 permanent plots, set by a phytosociologist in homogenous patches of 8 strictly definite forest associations, developed on Mt. Babia Góra on slopes of north and south exposure. In this part of the elaboration only preliminary remarks, methods of investigation and mycofloristic description of forests confined to the lower montane forest zone is comprised.