bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE RESPONSIBILITY OF NOTARIES AS PUBLIC SERVANTS REGARDING DESIRED AGREEMENT DEEDS USING BRAILLE SCRIPT
Authors: Retno Wahyu Nickent Cassy  , Muktiono  , Erna Anggraini
Published: July 2023

This research examines the aspects of the notary's responsibility as a public servant, specifically regarding individuals with disabilities, in relation to Law Number 25 of 2009 on Public Services. The notary is involved and has the responsibility to provide services to the public. In this study, the researcher addresses two topics: the duties and responsibilities of the notary as a public servant, and the use of Braille script in desired deeds. To answer these two discussions, the author adopts a normative juridical approach through the study of legal materials and literature sources related to the chosen theme. The research findings indicate that the notary has a workload of tasks and responsibilities as a public servant in the private realm, and copies as well as minutes of deeds can be made using Braille script. The International Organization's Notarial Guide of Good Practices for People With Disabilities has recommended the establishment of specific regulations for individuals with disabilities, essentially allowing the use of Braille script in deeds as a way to maximize services.
DEVELOPMENT OF DIGITAL LEARNING BASED INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION IN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL TEACHERS
Authors: Panji Adam Agus Putra  , Yuda Dharma Putra  , Maman Surahman  , Heru Pratikno  , M Zidan Al Insyani  , Intan Nurapriliani  , Nurbani Syifa
Published: July 2023

Collaboration  programs with international organizations develop all aspects, especially in the field of education that the university has carried out. The activity was educating the elementary school teachers because it has a significant component in the educational process. The university education system has a substantial role in preparing competitive human resources. This study result findings in the form of language and cultural differences is the main issues in the implementation of the international collaboration programs.

The method was used group discussions between Indonesian and Thai teachers through an innovative approach to digital learning media in a more structured and in-depth way. Group discussion case studies successfully provided practical and interactive experiences to the participants. It was concluded that mutual understanding of culture between teachers and students was fundamental and needs to be considered so that learning can be done effectively and comfortably. Educators can jointly build awareness of the effectiveness of using technology in the classroom. Technology was not only used but has a significant impact on learning processes and outcomes. The implementation of this international collaboration program aims to solve the problems faced and enhance cooperation between the two countries further.
PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT OF PEKANBARU ENVIRONMENT AND FORESTRY EDUCATION AND TRAINING CENTER (BDLHK)
Authors: Maya Sari Dian , Mashur Dadang
Published: July 2023

The Environmental and Forestry Education and Training Center (BDLHK) Pekanbaru as a technical implementing unit has the task and function of providing forestry education and training. In carrying out its duties and functions, BDLHK Pekanbaru still experiencing several forest problems in its working area, education and training has not become an employee career system, the results of the Identification of Training Needs (IKD) have not been able to provide accurate information and the capacity of widyaiswara to carry out teaching activities at certain trainings especially in terms of dealing with the latest issues is still limited. The purpose of this research was to analyze the performance management of BDLHK Pekanbaru and to find out the inhibiting factors. This research uses the performance management theory proposed by Edward Deming which consists of planning, implementation/action, and reviewing. This research uses a qualitative research type with a descriptive approach. The results of this research indicate that the Performance Management of BDLHK Pekanbaru is not running optimally, this can be seen in terms of planning, implementation and monitoring. The obstacles by BDLHK Pekanbaru are the limited capacity of education and training management personnel, adaptation of new patterns in the implementation of education and training also budget recofusing.
INNOVATION OF DIGITAL SERVICES FOR THE SUNGAI PETAI VILLAGE GOVERNMENT, KAMPAR KIRI HILIR DISTRICT, KAMPAR REGENCY
Authors: Maharani Maharani , Adianto Adianto
Published: July 2023

Digital-based village government service innovation. Effective and efficient service is a demand from the community to government agencies in providing services. The Sungai Petai Village Government is one of the village governments that innovates the first digital application-based service in Riau. The innovation in question is the Halaman Kampung application. The purpose of creating this Halaman Kampung application is to provide more effective and efficient services to village communities. The purpose of this study is to describe the Innovation of Village Government Services Based on Digital Applications in Sungai Petai Village, Kampar Kiri Hilir District, Kampar Regency. This study uses the innovation theory by Bugge et al. 2018, in which there are six indicators, namely: governance and innovation, sources of the ideas for innovation, innovation culture (innovation culture). ), capabilities and tools (abilities and tools), objectivies, outcomes, expenses and obstacles (goals, results, costs, and obstacles), collecting innovation data for single innovation (collecting innovation data for single innovations). This type of research is a descriptive research with a qualitative approach. Data collection was done by using the methods of observation, interviews, and documentation of both primary and secondary data. The results of this study indicate that: 1) the innovation of the home page application has been going well because the community has used the home village application in various types of administrative services. 2) the supporting factors in the success of hometown innovation are the fulfillment of service innovation digitization facilities, adequate digital applications, sufficient understanding of innovation.
ROLE OF THE FORMAL AND INFORMAL SECTOR IN WEST KALIMANTAN
Authors: Ashari Ananada Iva
Published: July 2023

The formal sector and the informal sector run with their respective changes, the informal sector becomes a buffer from the structural transformation of unbalanced employment. When it was realized that the informal sector was able to provide significant contributions both in terms of employment and output capacity, the perspective of this sector changed. The informal sector is no longer a crutch but also a complex alternative to the formal sector.
MARKETING MIX IN THE DIGITALIZATION AGE
Authors: Hakim Abdul
Published: July 2023

One of the important keys in business competition in the modern industrial era is being able to create a product or service that is able to meet the needs and desires of consumers. The importance of this issue makes all large and small companies and even micro business actors make various efforts in order to win the hearts of consumers and try to provide maximum satisfaction for their consumers. In its application, marketing has several variables that are integrated with each other and affect the success of its application.
Analysis of The Human Capital, Economic Growth, and Education Spending on Poverty in Gowa District
Authors: Djannah Chairatul , Paddu Abd. Hamid , Anwar Anas Iswanto
Published: July 2023

The research from this thesis aims to determine the extent of the effect of Human Capital, Economic Growth, and Education Expenditure on Poverty in Gowa Regency. In order to know how big the influence of Human Capital, Economic Growth, and Education Expenditure on Poverty in Gowa Regency, a multiple linear regression model is used with the ordinary least square method or the least squares method. The type of data in this study is secondary data, and based on the time dimension, namely time series data with a period from 2006 until 2020. The conclusion from this thesis show that the average length of schooling and economic growth have a positive influence on poverty in Gowa Regency. While, Education Expenditure has a negative effect to Poverty in Gowa Regency.
Task- Based Enrichment Material in English Towards the Enhancement of Vocabulary Knowledge
Authors:   Jessica G. Nombrefia Cecilia B. Diva orcid.org/0000-0001-6884-1605 0000-0002-5116-8087 16-fs-eng-086@lspu.edu.ph ceciliadiva@lspu.edu.ph Laguna State Polytechnic University, San Pablo City Campus, San Pablo Laguna, Philippines, G. Nombrefia Jessica , B. Diva Cecilia
Published: July 2023

Learning English is very important nowadays, especially in this time of pandemic, if learners want to speak English fluently, the first step towards it is to have a rich and wide vocabulary. In today’s educational trend, we have learning modalities in which one of which is modular distance learning which requires teachers to prepare modules or enrichment materials for the students. Herewith, the study utilized an experimental and descriptive design. Fifty-five (55) Grade 10 students of Nagsinamo National High School who were enrolled during the School Year 2020-2021 were chosen to answer the 40-item pretest/ posttest multiple choice to determine the student’s level of vocabulary knowledge when it comes to connotation, denotation, word formation, and context clues. The developed material has undergone validation by the same number of respondents as to purpose, meaningfulness, responsiveness, usefulness, and presentation. The study used mean, standard deviation, frequency, percentages, and Pearson product-moment correlation as statistical treatments. The result showed that most of the respondents are at in intermediate level in their vocabulary knowledge. The performance of the respondents in the pre-test and post-test was found to have a significant difference. Furthermore, the respondents perceived the task-based enrichment material in terms of purpose, meaningfulness, responsiveness, usefulness, and presentation as very acceptable. It was also observed that there is a moderately significant relationship between the level of acceptability of the enrichment material and the level of comprehension and has a high correlation. Considering this, teachers are encouraged to use the task-based enrichment material integral to the subject area that needs enhancement to vocabulary knowledge. The school administrators may encourage their respective schools for the integration of task-based vocabulary enrichment material in presenting lessons or developing instructional materials. Moreover, further study is suggested using the developed instructional material through experimental methods and/ or a bigger population to verify the result of the study. Keywords: task-based, vocabulary knowledge, purpose, meaningfulness, responsiveness, usefulness, presentation
The empirical review of conceptual metaphor of Vietnamese press release discourse
Authors: Thuy Huynh Cam
Published: July 2023

In the context of increasingly highly competitive market, the issuance of press releases with attraction-grabbing content has posed numerous challenges to both enterprises and individuals. This study aims at synthesizing and categorizing conceptual metaphor models in terms of their frequency and purposes. These metaphor models feature the human target domain, including “HUMAN BEINGS ARE COSTUMES” and “HUMAN BEINGS ARE SYMBOLS”. The research findings reveal the application of these conceptual metaphor domains in Vietnamese Press Discoures as well as their impact on the media. The author, in an attempt to achieve her goals, has applied the mixed method in research – by first analysing the relevant discourse: 228 Vietnamese press releases, then conducting the qualitative research: in-depth interviews with PR experts and journalists regarding these contents. Therefore, the research does not limit itself in analyzing the effectiveness of the conceptual metaphor models, but can benefit those interested in transferring messages from the press releases.
Vietnam’s position in the U.S. Indo-Pacific strategy: Challenges and implications
Authors: Thu Tran Hoai , Van Nguyen Thuy
Published: July 2023

Since it was rejuvenated by then - U.S. President Donald Trump in 2017, the Indo-Pacific Strategy (IPS) has been in the spotlight and received attention from many countries within and without the Indo-Pacific region. Due to its geopolitical and geostrategic value, Vietnam has been considered an important factor assisting the U.S. to accomplish two main goals of IPS: reaffirming the U.S. presence and influence in the Indo-Pacific region, and constraining the emergence and expansion of China. Both the Trump and Biden administrations have been paying more attention to Vietnam and granted it a crucial position in the IPS in particular and the U.S foreign policy in general. This paper aims to clarify the significant role of Vietnam in the IPS. It also attempts to examine Vietnam’s current policy on how to exploit the IPS advantages, promote a better national image on the international stage and engage in more multilateral cooperations.
Control of a Second-Order Electromechanical System under Mixed Constraints
Authors: Avetisyan V. V.
Published: July 2023

For a system simulating the dynamics of a single-link electromechanical manipulator, the problem of constructing a control voltage and determining the areas of final states is solved, the transition to any point of which from the initial state of rest using the constructed control occurs in a finite time without violating the specified restrictions on the voltage and heat release power in the winding of the rotor of the electric motor․
Для системы, моделирующей динамику однозвенного электромеханического манипулятора, решается задача построения управляющего напряжения и определения областей конечных состояний, переход в любую точку которых из начального состояния покоя с помощью построенного управления происходит за конечное время без нарушения заданных ограничений на напряжение и мощность тепловыделения в обмотке ротора электродвигателя.
Մեկ օղակով էլեկտրամեխանիկական մանիպուլյատորի դինամիկան նկարագրող համակարգի համար լուծվում է ղեկավարող լարման և վերջնական վիճակների տիրույթների կառուցման խնդիրը, որոնց յուրաքանչյուր կետ սկզբնական հանգստի վիճակից համակարգի տեղափոխումը կառուցված ղեկավարման օգնությամբ իրականացվում է վերջավոր ժամանակում՝ առանց լարման և էլեկտրաշարժիչի ռոտորի փաթույթի հզորության վրա դրված տրված սահմանափակումների խախտման։
Corporate Attributes and Creative Accounting of Listed Consumer Firms in Nigeria
Authors:   Department of Accounting, Faculty of Management Sciences, Federal University of Kashere (FUK), Gombe State, Nigeria, Yusuf J. , Ahmed M. Lawal ,   Department of Accounting, School of Business, University Utara Malaysia (UUM), Kedah Darul Aman, Malaysia, Shuaibu M. ,   Department of Accounting, Faculty of Management Sciences, Kaduna State University (KASU), Kaduna, Nigeria
Published: July 2023

This study looks into the relationship between corporate characteristics and inventive accounting in Nigeria’s listed consumer firms. A correlational research design was employed, and the size of the sample consisted of 20 consumer firms listed on the Nigerian Exchange Group for a period of 10 years (2011–2020), both inclusive. A regression model was employed as the technique for data analysis. The findings of the study reveal that financial distress, surplus cash flows, and audit remuneration have a statistically significant effect on the creative accounting of listed consumer firms in Nigeria, while only gearing ratio was found to have an insignificant effect on the creative accounting of listed consumer firms in Nigeria. Therefore, it is necessary and desirable for the management of the listed consumer firms in Nigeria to expand their asset base and increase the scheme of their functions with a view to having effective and efficient management of their scarce resources (surplus cash flows) while decreasing the quantum of remunerations paid to auditors, as they have empirically been found to be of strong influence on the creative accounting of listed consumer firms in Nigeria. The boards of directors of the listed consumer goods firms in Nigeria, in collaboration with the Securities and Exchange Commission and the Financial Reporting Council of Nigeria, should come up with a whistleblowing strategy aimed at ensuring strict compliance with the local and global reporting standards, as this will assist in reducing managerial opportunistic tendencies among the listed consumer firms in Nigeria.
Aarhus Regulation Administrative (self-) Review Mechanism: The Inevitable Failure to Contribute to Access to Justice in the EU?
Authors: Krężel Angelika
Published: July 2023

In this article, the administrative review mechanism under the ‘old’ and the ‘new’ Aarhus Regulation is analysed. It is argued that the mechanism still raises concerns, among others, regarding impartiality and fairness, as required by the Aarhus Convention (the ‘old problems’). The conclusion is that although the Aarhus Regulation administrative review mechanism was introduced in order to strengthen access to justice in environmental matters in the EU legal system, it does not significantly contribute to this aim. Instead, it constitutes the mechanism of self-review for the EU institutions and bodies. Nevertheless, it is argued that this failure is inevitable and lays down in its very foundations. In practical terms, it seems that the mechanism designed to ‘provide for access to judicial or other review procedures for challenging acts and omissions by private persons’ effectively contributes to another than access to justice component of environmental democracy, mainly access to information.

Access to justice, EU legal remedies, environmental law, administrative review mechanism, Aarhus Convention, Aarhus Regulation
Case T-295/20 Aquind: Clarifying the Division of Powers in the EU Energy Sector
Authors: Huhta Kaisa
Published: July 2023

Treaty law imposes several limitations on the use of the European Union’s (EU’s) powers in the energy sector. While many of these energy-specific competence restrictions have been analysed in EU legal scholarship, the scope and interpretation ofEUcompetences in the area of trans-European energy infrastructures have remained unexplored. Addressing this gap in the literature, the article examines the division of powers in the EU energy sector in the light of the recent Aquind ruling. The analysis demonstrates that the Aquind case not only clarifies the division of powers with regard to EU energy law and the development of trans-European energy infrastructures but also highlights how Member States’ territorial sovereignty interacts with the development of those infrastructures and thus impacts the development of the internal energy market.

T-295/20 Aquind, competence, projects of common interest, trans-European infrastructures, sovereignty, internal market
The Legality of EU Sanctions Under International Investment Agreements
Authors: Olmedo Javier Garcia
Published: July 2023

The ‘unilateral turn’ in EU trade and investment policy is also reflected in the EU’s adoption of restrictive measures or sanctions following the Russian invasion of Ukraine. EU sanctions do not only target the Russian government but also Russian individuals and companies with investments in the EU. They can also indirectly affect the economic activities of other foreign investors running businesses in the territory of Member States. This raises unexplored questions about the interaction between EU sanctions and certain disciplines of international economic law, such as international investment protection law. Member States have undertaken obligations under international investment agreements (IIAs) signed with Russia and other states in respect of investments made in their territory by Russian and non-Russian investors. This article examines whether, and if so to what extent, the EU’s unilateral turn in the form of sanctions can fall within the scope of international investment law. It shows that this policy can trigger claims against Member States under a different set of IIAs. This article also examines potential defences that Member States can invoke against investment treaty claims resulting from the implementation of sanctions.

Sanctions, Russia-Ukraine conflict, international law, international investment agreements, ISDS, nationality, third-party countermeasures, essential security interests
The Concept of Net Assets for the Purposes of the Serious Loss of Capital Framework as Set Forth in the European Capital Maintenance Rules
Authors: Pessoa Diogo
Published: July 2023

In this article, we start by describing the treatment of the participative loans under the Spanish recapitalize or liquidate rule and the potential problems of EU Law conformity of said framework. Under this light, we analyse the European rules on the serious loss of capital and try to conclude with an explanation of the concept of net assets, as relevant for such framework.

Net assets, Legal Capital Doctrine, Serious Loss of Capital, Subscribed Capital
The Impact of Appraisal Remedies on the Financial Position of the Private Company
Authors: Roodhooft Olivier
Published: July 2023

Appraisal remedies offer a withdrawal right to minority shareholders who are confronted with midstream-changes in a company. This form of minority protection is a hot topic in (European) company law especially since the introduction of appraisal remedies in the Cross Border Mobility Directive.

This article deals with an underexposed risk to this form of minority protection in private companies, namely the impact of the payment of the compensation for the withdrawing shareholder on the financial position of the company. Just as any other distribution, the payment of the compensation could endanger the solvency and liquidity of the company. This is not only relevant for the company creditors but also the remaining shareholders. I will elaborate on this risk and how remedies for creditor protection can temper it.

This article argues that this risk will, however, only seldomly occur as the impact on the financial position of the company will have a deterrent effect on the underlying transaction. The most plausible situations in which this risk will occur are ‘do or die’ transactions and the scenario of irrational behaviour of shareholders. For these scenarios, means of creditor protection are needed.

Appraisal remedies, withdrawal of shareholders, private companies’ minority protection, creditor protection
Individual Private Rights of Action under the Platform-to-Business Regulation
Authors: Franck Jens-Uwe
Published: July 2023

This article explores the availability of individual private rights of action under the Platform-to-Business Regulation. It is argued that Member States are required to provide for such remedies for the benefit of business users of online intermediation services and corporate website users. Individual rights of action are necessary, first, to ensure an adequate and effective level of overall enforcement and, second, to effectuate the implicit rights that must be inferred from the obligations the Regulation imposes on providers of online intermediation services and search engines. To make this case, we illustrate the practical relevance and deficiencies of individual rights of action using several German court cases; examine the key elements of the Regulation’s ‘visible’ enforcement architecture; apply the ECJ’s case lines on implicit individual rights and private rights of action as a non-specified enforcement tool; and provide an analysis of the potential added value and perceived weaknesses of individual rights of action as a mechanism to enforce the Regulation.

Platform-to-business regulation 2019/1150, private enforcement, individual rights of action, online intermediation services, online search engines, amazon marketplace, platform economy, choice-of-court agreements, principle of effectiveness
Global Finance and the Anthropocene: Regulatory Shifts and Prospective Effects
Authors: Marcacci Antonio
Published: July 2023

Financial institutions must play their part in the fight against climate change. In this context, the concept of the Anthropocene becomes relevant for securities markets via terms such as sustainable finance and ESG. These terms are now a core issue for securities regulators around the world. Lack of clarity and standardized disclosure both across and within jurisdictions make the analysis of and comparison between financial products extremely difficult. Investors’ demand for green products exacerbates the need for standardization. Against this backdrop, financial institutions face two hurdles. First, how to properly assess their in-house financing activities. Second, how to guide investors in their investment decisions. The article shows that, due to the increasing complexity and political importance of green finance, we are witnessing a double, simultaneous shift. First, from transnational private regulation to domestic regulatory law, with the EU in the driver’s seat. Second, towards transnational supervisory standards, adopted by IOSCO.

Anthropocene, sustainable finance, ESG, IOSCO, transnational securities regulation, Brussels effect, European green deal, green taxonomy, ESMA, EBA
EU Case Laws on Customs in 2022
Authors: Melin Yves , Fressynet Isabel , Golouchko Anna , Opdenbosch Valentina Van , De Bruyn Jesse
Published: July 2023

This article provides an overview of the judgments of the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) regarding EU customs in the year 2022,in particular, with respect to valuation, classification and value-added tax upon importation (import VAT).

EU customs, valuation, classification and import VAT, Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU)
Explaining Japan’s Decision to Join the MPIA: Avoiding the Void
Authors: Miyoka Kunio , Trehearne Colin
Published: July 2023

Japan has long been a supporter of and an active participant in the rules-based trading system. This has allowed Japan, like many states, to engage in trade that it regards as fair and stable, liberated from superpower or great power preferences. In recent years, however, the rules-based trading system has faced challenges including from paralysis at the WTO Appellate Body arising from the United States deciding to block the appointment of Appellate Body members, accusing the body of ‘persistent overreaching’. In turn, the lack of a functioning Appellate Body allows WTO cases to be appealed ‘into the void’ of a non-functioning appeals system. Some WTO Members have made alternative temporary arrangements for an appeals system: the Multi-Party Interim Appeal Arbitration Arrangement (MPIA) which, until now, Japan had not chosen to join. Japan’s decision to now join the MPIA could be seen as a departure from its prior approach, but is in fact consistent with its long-held principles.

Japan, MPIA, WTO, DSB, Arbitration, DSU, Appellate Body, Void, Trade, Plurilateral
The Serious Business of Having Fun: EU Legal Protection for Those Working Online in the Digital Economy
Authors: Barnard Catherine
Published: July 2023

While a huge amount of judicial and academic attention has been paid to the employment status of those who provide physical services via an app, such as ride-hailing services by Uber drivers and food delivery services by Deliveroo cyclists, much less attention has been given to the legal position of those providing services as influencers and content creators in the online world via platforms such as Instagram and YouTube. It may be possible that some fall within the Court of Justice’s increasingly broad definition of ‘worker’, a position helped by the presumption of worker status in the proposed Platform Work Directive. If so, they will benefit from the full range of EU employment rights. But many are genuinely self-employed and so are entitled to almost no employment protection. Yet, like workers, they have a vulnerability. If their access to these platforms is turned off, it is highly damaging for their work; and there may be no obvious alternative platform to give them the profile which is necessary for them to succeed. The EU is showing itself to be innovative in responding to this challenge: first, with an extended personal scope under the proposed Platform Workers Directive which gives some rights to ‘persons performing platform work’ (PPPW) (and more rights still to ‘platform workers’), and second, in the P2B Regulation 2019/1150 and the Digital Services Act, by moving away from the focus on the status of the individual and paying attention instead to the obligations of the platform. These obligations can be summed up by the acronym TAR: Transparency, Accountability and Remedies. They are procedural rather than substantive obligations but they do recognize the need for at least some protection for those who, in the past, would have been denied it. This legislation is, indirectly, beginning to reshape our understanding of what constitutes labour law.

Gig Economy, Precarity, Worker Protection, Online Platforms, Influencers, Content Creators
The European Pillar of Social Rights: A Dangerous Distraction?
Authors: Seiwerth Stephan
Published: July 2023

The European Pillar of Social Rights set out to reaffirm a European promise of universal welfare and prosperity as a remedy for a perceived crisis of legitimacy of the EU. This paper argues that the Pillar does not actually state legally binding rights and that ist name is therefore misleading. However, case-law of the European Court of Justice indicates that the Pillar could be used as a tool for the interpretation, in particular, of the – legally binding – Charta of Fundamental Rights, potentially widening the scope of application of the latter. This in turn, the article argues, might undermine the very objective the Pillar set out to reach – improving the EU‘s appeal to and acceptance by its citizens – by way of gradually increasing democratic deficits of the European Union while insufficiently targeting social ones.

crisis of legitimacy, source of interpretation, democratic deficit, social deficit
ISDS and States’ Ability to Deal with Financial Crisis
Authors: Wilson Therese , Banens Yuri , Sharif Shanayah
Published: July 2023

This article reports on the results of an empirical study focused on ‘carve outs’ with respect to financial regulation in bilateral investment treaties (BITs) and free trade agreements (FTAs) entered into during the five-year period between 2015 and 2019. It did so by analysing the eighty-five BITs and FTAs signed in the period 2015 to 2019 inclusive, which were available in English in the UNCTAD Investment Policy hub, identifying three primary types of carve outs. We define carve outs as clauses which either provide an exception or defence to investor-state dispute settlement (ISDS) claims in certain circumstances or exempt altogether particular conduct by a state from the scope of ISDS, in order to protect state sovereignty. The article explores the likely effectiveness of those carve outs in protecting state sovereignty and minimizing ISDS claims against states arising out of regulatory measures taken to protect national economies in the event of crisis. The inclusion of appropriate carve outs is likely to support perceptions of the legitimacy of ISDS in BITs and FTAs. The article considers some earlier cases of ISDS relating to financial regulation and considers the impact that some of the more modern carve outs might have had on those scenarios. The article concludes with recommendations for model clauses and approaches in BITs and FTAs.

Investor-state arbitration, financial regulation, state sovereignty, regulatory carve outs, BITs and FTAs
Anticompetitive Financial Leverage: In Search of a Theory of Harm
Authors: Siciliani Paolo
Published: July 2023

The corporate capital structure of firms has come under scrutiny by competition authorities lately, especially with respect to the role of financial investors such as private equity firms. The main concern seems to be that highly indebted firms are not only less resilient, but also, perhaps wilfully, less able to compete. However, a clear theory of anticompetitive harm underpinning competition law enforcement seems to be lacking. This article tries to fill this gap by first reviewing the extant theoretical and empirical literature on how debt affect firms’ strategies and, thus, market outcomes. The general consensus is that a high level of debt induces a weakening of the competitive stance of the borrowing firm, which can be exploited by financially-unconstrained rivals. Therefore, the unilateral adoption of a high level of financial leverage is irrational unless it is reciprocated by rival firms. Ultimately, though, this theory of harm does not provide a robust basis for enforcement – on either and ex-ante basis under merger control, or ex-post basis under competition law – due to the existence of legitimate alternative explanations for the use of financial leverage.
Responsive Competition Law Enforcement: Lessons from the Greek Competition Authority
Authors: Makris Stavros
Published: July 2023

According to the conventional view competition law differs from regulation in that it is applied ex post, through proscriptions, and in a ‘crime-tort’ fashion. From this angle, when competition enforcers intervene ex ante, in a prophylactic manner, and employ prescriptive tools, they inappropriately transform competition law into ‘regulatory antitrust’. The present study challenges this view arguing that modern competition law intervention has moved beyond the crime-tort enforcement model and aspires to be ‘responsive’. This means that modern enforcers intervene ex ante and ex post, use prescriptive and proscriptive tools, and impose restorative and prophylactic remedies to ensure that the law is applied effectively. The works of the Greek Competition Authority offer a case study to illustrate this point. This authority has been utilizing a plurality of tools and enforcement strategies to enhance compliance and deterrence, and apply the law responsively. However, enforcement that aspires to be responsive may create problems of over-enforcement or under-enforcement, be vulnerable to regulatory failures or undermine Rule-of-Law principles. For this reason, this study draws on responsive regulation theory to make fourteen recommendations on how to address these challenges and ensure truly responsive enforcement.

competition law, enforcement, remedies, regulation, regulatory theory, competition policy
Distribution and reproduction of the wolf (Canis lupus) in the Aksu-Zhabagli reserve
Authors:   Aksu-Zhabagyly State Nature Reserve, Dzhunuspaev B.S.
Published: July 2023

The article is devoted to the reproduction and distribution of the wolf (Canis lupus Linnaeus, 1758) on the territory of the reserve since the establishment of the Aksu-Zhabagly State Nature Reserve until 2022. The article analyzes the data of the works and reports of scientists stored in the archive of the reserve, diaries of periodic observation of inspectors, and data from the book "Chronicles of Nature", for the last 2019-2022, control work was carried out on the number of wolves in the reserve and adjacent territories, as well as seasonal accounting and analysis of the dynamics of the number of wolves. Basically, this predator is found in the gorges of Large and Small Kayynda, with mountain valleys on the northern slope of Mount Zhabagly, in the valleys of the rivers Iirsu, Aksu, Balabaldyberek and Baldyberek. The wolf in most cases lives in groups, that is, in herds. Previously, wolves were found in 3-4 individuals, but in modern conditions they are found in about 10 individuals.
Perlindungan Hukum terhadap Pekerja yang Terkena Pemutusan Hubungan Kerja di Masa Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Hasna Rafika , Febriansyach Reihandika , Sinurat Ronaldo Putra Pratama , Irawan Ferry
Published: July 2023

Perlindungan hukum untuk pekerja atau buruh sangat diperlukan.  Di masa pandemi Covid-19, banyak gejolak yang terjadi di perusahaan yang bisa menyebabkan perusahaan mengalami kerugian dan bisa berdampak pada pekerja dari perusahaan itu sendiri. Para pekerja bisa terkena imbasnya seperti pengurangan upah atau gaji hingga pemutusan hubungan kerja (PHK) sehingga mereka tidak bisa bekerja dan menghidupi keluarganya. Tujuan dari penulisan ini adalah untuk mengetahui bentuk perlindungan hukum terhadap pekerja di masa pandemi Covid-19 jika dilihat dari peraturan perundang-undangan tentang perburuhan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam tulisan ini adalah metode penelitian yuridis normatif yang mengkaji ketentuan-ketentuan hukum positif, asas hukum, maupun doktrin hukum yang menggunakan pendekatan Peraturan Perundang-undangan dan Pendekatan Konsep yang berarti pendekatan yang dilakukan dengan menelaah Undang-undang dan peraturan lain yang berkaitan dengan permasalahan yang sedang dibahas. Hasil pembahasan menunjukkan sebagai berikut. Pertama, hak-hak pekerja yang harus didapatkan seperti tidak ada diskriminasi bagi pekerja dalam memperoleh pekerjaan, pelatihan kerja merupakan hak buruh, kesempatan pelatihan kerja adalah sama bagi setiap pekerja, dan lain-lain. Kedua, itu pemerintah berkewajiban untuk membuat program-program yang menunjang pekerja yang dirumahkan karena pandemi yaitu kartu prakerja, program padat karya, pemberian dana insentif, dan bentuk padat karya yang diharapkan bisa menekan dampak dari PHK yang dialami pekerja.
Analisis Keadilan Kebijakan Insentif Pajak kepada UMKM di Era Pandemi Covid 19: Perspektif Keadilan Hukum
Authors: Pramitha Adinda Indra Ayu , Priyanto Andri Faizal , Himawan Alfa Hamim , Irawan Ferry
Published: July 2023

Serangan pandemi Covid 19 yang terjadi di seluruh dunia termasuk Indonesia telah berdampak buruk pada sektor bisnis khususnya UMKM. Pemerintah telah melakukan berbagai upaya sebagai bentuk pemulihan perekonomian Indonesia, melalui Direktorat Jenderal Pajak dibawah Kementrian Keuangan telah memberikan insentif pajak untuk wajib pajak yang terdampak pandemi Covid 19 khususnya di sektor UMKM. Pajak yang biasanya dilunasi dengan cara setor sendiri atau dipotong maupun dipungut oleh Pemotong atau Pemungut sebesar 0.5% dari penghasilan bruto, dengan adanya PMK-44/PMK.03/2020 menjadi ditanggung pemerintah berarti penghasilan tersebut menjadi tidak diperhitungkan sebagai penghasilan yang dikenakan pajak masa pajak april 2020 sampai desember 2020. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan normatif yuridis yakni dengan meneliti objek alamiah serta menggunakan pendekatan Undang-Undang yang berlaku. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk menganalisis pengaruh pemberian insentif pajak terhadap keadilan hukum, keadilan komutatif, dan keadilan distributif. Pemberian insentif pajak untuk sektor UMKM dinilai sudah cukup adil untuk membantu UMKM bertahan selama pandemi.
Unveiling the Shadows: Exploring the Security Challenges of the Internet of Things (IoT)
Authors:   Assistant Professor in Department of Computer Science & Technology(CST), GITA Autonomous College,  Bhubaneswar, Sen Er. Rakesh Kumar , Dash Er. Amrita
Published: July 2023

The Internet of Things (IoT) has revolutionized the way we interact with the digital world by connecting numerous devices and enabling seamless communication and data sharing. However, the widespread adoption of IoT has brought forth significant security challenges. This research paper aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the security challenges faced in the IoT ecosystem. The paper discusses various security vulnerabilities, including device-level vulnerabilities, network security threats, data privacy concerns, and authentication and access control issues. Furthermore, the paper explores existing security solutions and proposes strategies to mitigate the identified challenges. By addressing these security challenges, organizations and individuals can deploy and utilize IoT devices and systems in a more secure and trusted manner. Key Words: Internet of Things, IoT, security challenges, device-level vulnerabilities, inadequate authentication, network security threats, data privacy, data confidentiality, authentication, access control, encryption, cryptographic techniques, intrusion detection, prevention systems
Server Based Load Analysis of Smart Meter System
Authors:   Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, Raghu Engineering College, Visakhapatnam., Kumar S. Kranthi
Published: July 2023

The electricity demand is adding with the growth of population and with the use of different appliances in the homes. So, there's a need for consumers to track their diurnal operation and understand the consumption patterns to save and control these coffers. Smart cadence along with Advanced Metering structure( AMI) is a realistic and effective result for this. before procedure which put to profitable use of one- way dispatches to gather cadence data, were mentioned to as Automated Meter Reading( AMR) Systems. This design aims at analyzing the performance of the proposed smart cadence systems, effective transmission and how serviceability explore new developments for the benefit of consumers as well as themselves by ever covering energy consumption. This is achieved by using PLC modems for remote monitoring and control of energy measures. By this way we can bring down mortal sweats demanded to outline cadence readings which are till now recorded by visiting every home collectively. As a result, the consumption patterns at the serviceability are studies and cargo analysis is made so that this can help in maintaining other systems associated with energy operation. To study and dissect the cargo consumption patterns. By this way an estimate on the energy consumption can be made and therefore have a control on its operation. Key Words: Smart Meter; Smart Grid; Advanced Metering Infrastructure(AMI); Information Rights Management(IRM); Power line communication(PLC); Arduino UNO;Energy consumption.
AUTOMATIC MEDICAL DISPATCHER WITH DYNAMIC TELEMONITORING SYSTEM USING IOT IN RURAL AREAS
Authors:   Department Of Electronics And Communication Engineering, Pes College Of Engineering, Mandya,  Karnataka, India, A N Ashraya
Published: July 2023

Tracking good doctors for treatment in rural areas is a very difficult job, they have to travel all the way to nearby towns or cities. Therefore, Anytime Medical Machine (AMM) is completely IOT based project and can be even considered as the IOMT (IOT based medical devices) and its primary deployment in rural areas. Using the AMM people will get quality consultation with good doctors on spot without travelling all the way to the cities. The doctor provides medicines and prescription for the patients through AMM which reduces the time consumption and expenses of travelling to the nearby cities. It collects patient data using Temperature sensor, Heart Beat sensor and SPO2 sensor, and sending the collected data of the patient to the doctor through wi-fi module. Interaction between the doctor and the patient is done by using video conferencing, which is secured by the login page with username and password dedicated to each user to avoid the misuse of the AMM. Finally, the Doctor analyzes the patient’s health parameters and suggests the appropriate medicine that will be dispatched through AMM. The patient's information is uploaded to the cloud server for future references. Admin re-fills the medicines in AMM. KeyWords: AMM, Medicine Dispatcher, Telemonitoring, Cloud Storage.
Leading with Kabir: Harnessing the Power of Dohas for Effective Leadership
Authors: Verma Dr. Anupam
Published: July 2023

Introduction and Objectives: This research paper explores the transformative potential of Kabir's dohas as a source of wisdom for effective leadership. The objective of this study is to examine the applicability of Kabir's teachings in contemporary leadership contexts and provide insights into how leaders can harness the power of dohas to enhance their leadership effectiveness. b) Methodology: A comprehensive literature review was conducted to gather relevant scholarly works, texts on leadership theories, and interpretations of Kabir's dohas. The analysis focused on identifying key themes and principles in Kabir's dohas that are applicable to effective leadership, such as self- awareness, empathy, humility, authenticity, and ethical conduct. c) Results: The research findings demonstrate that Kabir's dohas offer valuable insights and guidance for leaders. The analysis of dohas revealed the importance of self-awareness in leadership, emphasizing the need for leaders to understand their strengths, weaknesses, and biases. Kabir's teachings on empathy highlight the significance of connecting with others, fostering collaboration, and building strong relationships. The dohas also emphasize the value of humility, authenticity, and ethical conduct in leadership, promoting trust, and creating a positive work culture. d) Conclusion: In conclusion, this research paper highlights the relevance and applicability of Kabir's dohas for effective leadership. By incorporating the principles and teachings of Kabir into their leadership practices, leaders can enhance their self-awareness, cultivate empathy, foster humility, and demonstrate ethical conduct. These qualities are crucial for building trust, inspiring others, and creating a positive impact in organizations and communities. The research emphasizes that leadership guided by Kabir's teachings can lead to more authentic, compassionate, and effective leadership practices. Keywords:- Kabir, dohas, effective leadership, wisdom, transformative potential
Understanding Database Triggers in Oracle: An Overview of Their Functionality, Utility, and Management
Authors: Gupta Sandeep
Published: July 2023

A database trigger is a specialized block of PL/SQL code associated with a table operation like insertion, deletion, or updating of a row. When conditions specified within a trigger are met, it is automatically invoked, providing a layer of security by preventing potentially damaging operations on the database. Furthermore, triggers can cascade, meaning one trigger can instigate another. Despite the numerous benefits of triggers, their overuse can lead to complicated dependencies that may prove challenging to manage in expansive applications. Hence, it is prudent to employ triggers judiciously. Keywords: Procedure, Security, Trigger.
VOICE BASED VIRTUAL ASSISTANT
Authors:   Electronics and Communication Enginreering, BMS College of Engineering, Bangalore – 560019, H Kiran
Published: July 2023

The goal of this project is to create a voice-based smart virtual assistant that makes use of cutting-edge machine learning, speech recognition, and other technologies. Through personalized responses and recommendations, the main goal is to improve user experience and streamline tasks. Aside from setting reminders and booking appointments, the virtual assistant will also be able to make calls, send messages, and operate smart home appliances. It will also retrieve current data on the weather, news, sports scores, and other topics. The assistant will offer a seamless and intuitive interface across several languages and maintain contextual information from past talks with the help of context awareness and multilingual assistance. The virtual assistant will gradually enhance its effectiveness and gain a deeper understanding of user preferences by continuously learning from user interactions. An intelligent, hands-free virtual assistant that revolutionizes user interaction and task management is the goal of this project. Keywords— AI, Voice Assistant,