bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Implementation of telepsychiatry in Kenya: acceptability study
Authors: Kaigwa Loice Cushny , Njenga Frank , Ongeri Linnet , Nguithi Anne , Mugane Maryanne , Mbugua Gathoni M. , Anundo Jacqueline , Kimari Margaret Zawadi , Onono Maricianah
Published: April 2022

Background

COVID-19-related restrictions on in-person contact in healthcare, increasing psychiatric illness during the pandemic and pre-existing shortages of mental healthcare providers have led to the emergence of telepsychiatry as an attractive option for the delivery of care. Telepsychiatry has been promoted as economical and effective, but its acceptance in low- and middle-income countries is poorly understood.

Aims

To explore the acceptance, experiences and perspectives of patients and healthcare providers in the uptake of telepsychiatry services in a middle-income country.

Method

Focus group discussions were conducted on the WhatsApp platform with patients and care providers who have engaged in telepsychiatry. Data were analysed using a thematic approach.

Results

Three main themes emerged from the five focus groups: (a) technical access, (b) user experience and (c) perceived effectiveness compared with face-to-face (in-person) interactions. Care providers reported challenges establishing rapport with the patient, particularly for initial sessions, maintaining privacy during sessions and detecting non-verbal cues on video. Patients cited internet connectivity problems, difficulty finding private space to have their sessions and cost as major challenges. Patients also felt in-person sessions were better for initial visits. Both patients and providers reported difficulties making insurance payment claims for telepsychiatry services. Overall, participants were mostly positive about telepsychiatry, citing its convenience and overall perceived effectiveness compared with in-person sessions.

Conclusions

Telepsychiatry is an acceptable platform for delivery of out-patient psychiatric services in a middle-income country. Patients and providers appreciate the convenience it offers and would like it integrated as a routine mode of delivery of care.
Biomarkers for Adjuvant Endocrine and Chemotherapy in Early-Stage Breast Cancer: ASCO Guideline Update
Authors: Andre Fabrice , Ismaila Nofisat , Allison Kimberly H. , Barlow William E. , Collyar Deborah E. , Damodaran Senthil , Henry N. Lynn , Jhaveri Komal , Kalinsky Kevin , Kuderer Nicole M. , Litvak Anya , Mayer Erica L. , Pusztai Lajos , Raab Rachel , Wolff Antonio C. , Stearns Vered
Published: April 2022

PURPOSE

To update recommendations on appropriate use of breast cancer biomarker assay results to guide adjuvant endocrine and chemotherapy decisions in early-stage breast cancer.

METHODS

An updated literature search identified randomized clinical trials and prospective-retrospective studies published from January 2016 to October 2021. Outcomes of interest included overall survival and disease-free or recurrence-free survival. Expert Panel members used informal consensus to develop evidence-based recommendations.

RESULTS

The search identified 24 studies informing the evidence base.

RECOMMENDATIONS

Clinicians may use Onco type DX, MammaPrint, Breast Cancer Index (BCI), and EndoPredict to guide adjuvant endocrine and chemotherapy in patients who are postmenopausal or age > 50 years with early-stage estrogen receptor (ER)–positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)–negative (ER+ and HER2–) breast cancer that is node-negative or with 1-3 positive nodes. Prosigna and BCI may be used in postmenopausal patients with node-negative ER+ and HER2– breast cancer. In premenopausal patients, clinicians may use Onco type in patients with node-negative ER+ and HER2– breast cancer. Current data suggest that premenopausal patients with 1-3 positive nodes benefit from chemotherapy regardless of genomic assay result. There are no data on use of genomic tests to guide adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with ≥ 4 positive nodes. Ki67 combined with other parameters or immunohistochemistry 4 score may be used in postmenopausal patients without access to genomic tests to guide adjuvant therapy decisions. BCI may be offered to patients with 0-3 positive nodes who received 5 years of endocrine therapy without evidence of recurrence to guide decisions about extended endocrine therapy. None of the assays are recommended for treatment guidance in individuals with HER2-positive or triple-negative breast cancer. Treatment decisions should also consider disease stage, comorbidities, and patient preferences. Additional information is available at www.asco.org/breast-cancer-guidelines .
Magnetic-field–induced Zeeman excitation mode in paramagnetic NdGaO3single-crystal probed by magneto-terahertz spectroscopy
Authors: Dagar Rahul , Kinha Monu , Rana D. S.
Published: April 2022

The magnetic field control of quantum matter enables to study various exotic phenomena which emerge in complex oxide materials. The thin film heterostructures of these systems, potentially relevant in oxide electronics, require a great deal of care in distinguishing the properties of the film from those of the substrate underneath. Here, we unravel a low-energy excitation mode in NdGaO3 crystals which is an important constituent of oxide thin film heterostructures. Employing terahertz (THz) time-domain spectroscopy with control of the external magnetic field, an excitation mode resonating at a frequency of 0.2THz was observed along two key (001) and (110) crystallographic orientations. The mode develops and strengthens with an application of increasing magnetic field and weakens with increasing temperature; all attributes conforming to the predictions for the energetics of Zeeman splitting and intra-level transition within Kramer's doublet ground state. A dominance of the magnetic field control of this mode along (110) compared to that along (001) orientation also further unveils a structural control. NdGaO3crystals are widely used as substrates in oxide thin film heterostructures; hence, while realizing ultrafast control of magnetic order, specifically in oxide thin films, the Kramer crystal field splitting mode should be carefully separated from ordered spin resonance mode.
‘Neighbourhood watch’ model: embryonic epiblast cells assess positional information in relation to their neighbours
Authors: Lee Hyung Chul , Hastings Cato , Oliveira Nidia M. M. , Pérez-Carrasco Rubén , Page Karen M. , Wolpert Lewis , Stern Claudio D.
Published: April 2022

In many developing and regenerating systems, tissue pattern is established through gradients of informative morphogens, but we know little about how cells interpret these. Using experimental manipulation of early chick embryos, including misexpression of an inducer (VG1 or ACTIVIN) and an inhibitor (BMP4), we test two alternative models for their ability to explain how the site of primitive streak formation is positioned relative to the rest of the embryo. In one model, cells read morphogen concentrations cell-autonomously. In the other, cells sense changes in morphogen status relative to their neighbourhood. We find that only the latter model can account for the experimental results, including some counter-intuitive predictions. This mechanism (which we name the ‘neighbourhood watch’ model) illuminates the classic ‘French Flag Problem’ and how positional information is interpreted by a sheet of cells in a large developing system.
Looking beyond the gene network – metabolic and mechanical cell drivers of leaf morphogenesis
Authors: Nakayama Hokuto , Koga Hiroyuki , Long Yuchen , Hamant Olivier , Ferjani Ali
Published: April 2022

The above-ground organs in plants display a rich diversity, yet they grow to characteristic sizes and shapes. Organ morphogenesis progresses through a sequence of key events, which are robustly executed spatiotemporally as an emerging property of intrinsic molecular networks while adapting to various environmental cues. This Review focuses on the multiscale control of leaf morphogenesis. Beyond the list of known genetic determinants underlying leaf growth and shape, we focus instead on the emerging novel mechanisms of metabolic and biomechanical regulations that coordinate plant cell growth non-cell-autonomously. This reveals how metabolism and mechanics are not solely passive outcomes of genetic regulation but play instructive roles in leaf morphogenesis. Such an integrative view also extends to fluctuating environmental cues and evolutionary adaptation. This synthesis calls for a more balanced view on morphogenesis, where shapes are considered from the standpoints of geometry, genetics, energy and mechanics, and as emerging properties of the cellular expression of these different properties.
Global research and learning agenda for building evidence on contraceptive-induced menstrual changes for research, product development, policies, and programs
Authors: Hoppes Emily , Nwachukwu Chukwuemeka , Hennegan Julie , Blithe Diana L. , Cordova-Gomez Amanda , Critchley Hilary , Doncel Gustavo F. , Dorflinger Laneta J. , Haddad Lisa B. , Mackenzie Amelia C.L. , Maybin Jacqueline A. , Moley Kelle , Nanda Kavita , Sales Vieira Carolina , Vwalika Bellington , Kibira Simon P.S. , Mickler Alexandria , OlaOlorun Funmilola M. , Polis Chelsea B. , Sommer Marni , Williams Katie M. , Lathrop Eva , Mahajan Tanya , Rademacher Kate H. , Solomon Marsden , Wilson Katrina , Wilson Lucy C. , Rountree Lillian
Published: April 2022

Background: Contraceptive-induced menstrual changes (CIMCs) can affect family planning (FP) users’ lives in both positive and negative ways, resulting in both opportunities and consequences. Despite this, and despite the important links between FP and menstrual health (MH), neither field adequately addresses CIMCs, including in research, product development, policies, and programs globally.

Methods: In November 2020, a convening of both MH and FP experts reviewed the existing evidence on CIMCs and identified significant gaps in key areas.

Results: These gaps led to the establishment of a CIMC Task Force in April 2021 and the development of the Global Research and Learning Agenda: Building Evidence on Contraceptive-Induced Menstrual Changes in Research, Product Development, Policies, and Programs Globally (the CIMC RLA), which includes four research agendas for (1) measurement, (2) contraceptive research and development (R&D) and biomedical research, (3) social-behavioral and user preferences research, and (4) programmatic research.

Conclusions: Guided by the CIMC RLA, researchers, product developers, health care providers, program implementers, advocates, policymakers, and funders are urged to conduct research and implement strategies to address the beneficial and negative effects of CIMCs and support the integration of FP and MH. CIMCs need to be addressed to improve the health and well-being of women, girls, and other people who menstruate and use contraceptives globally.

Disclaimer: The views expressed in this article are those of the authors. Publication in Gates Open Research does not imply endorsement by the Gates Foundation.
Highlighting the latest research: April 2022
Authors: Palmer Sarah Jane
Published: April 2022

Sarah Jane Palmer presents a selection of recently published articles of interest to nurses working in cardiovascular nursing. The aim of this roundup is to provide a brief overview of the research papers selected. A full reference is provided for those who wish to look at the research in further detail.
Working on the roadmap to ACP
Authors: Foster Sam
Published: April 2022

Sam Foster, Chief Nurse, Oxford University Hospitals, reflects on the issues still facing institutions and individuals in developing and supporting ACP roles, and areas to explore for improvement
Entrevista com Ricardo Lísias: a literatura é um fato que existe por si mesmo: é um estar-aí no mundo, como qualquer outro
Authors: Barbosa Jéssica de Souza , Thomé Talyta Teixeira
Published: April 2022

Entrevista com Ricardo Lísias: a literatura é um fato que existe por si mesmo: é um estar-aí no mundo, como qualquer outro.
Filopoética do educar: Reflexões a partir das filosofias africano-brasileiras
Authors: Santos Luis Ferreira
Published: April 2022

O artigo Filopoética do educar: reflexões a partir das filosofias africano-brasileiras busca problematizar a ausência ou a tentativa de combate de outras imaginações na produção da filosofia da educação brasileira. A partir dessa afirmação, se lança a seguinte questão:   como a filosofia pode contribuir para o debate acerca da superação do racismo? O imaginário social brasileiro expressa-se, em sua maioria, de maneira institucional, a partir das perspectivas indo-europeias e mais recentemente estadunidenses. A filopoética, neste trabalho, tem o sentido de se reconectar com o desejo do mundo, de entrelaçar em extensão, não em profundidade, de ser com o outro, de criar caminhos. O percurso da filopoética dá-se em relacionar as filosofias africanas com a poética da relação, no intuito de disputar o imaginário, de traçar itinerários, rotas na reconexão no cenário da filosofia educação.
¿Cómo sobrevivir al Tecnocapitalismo?
Authors: Ackerley María Isabel , Pineda Osorio David
Published: April 2022

El presente artículo intenta presentar herramientas para inferir sobre el tecnocapitalismo a fin de contribuir a resguardar nuestro Ecosistema Común. Utilizando diversos métodos de abordaje, entre ellos el pensamiento propio en colaboración con otros, en una suerte de mente colectiva, a fin de imaginar y crear otro mundo posible.
Flora da Bahia: Bonnetiaceae
Authors: Costa Grênivel Mota da , São-Mateus Wallace Messias Barbosa , Oliveira Reyjane Patrícia de , Giulietti Ana Maria
Published: April 2022

This account of the Bonnetiaceae is a further contribution to the ongoing Flora of Bahia project. One species in the genus Bonnetia Mart. is recognized in Bahia: B. stricta (Nees) Nees & Mart. Descriptions, illustrations, and general notes on the species are presented.
Flora da Bahia: Hydroleaceae
Authors: Novais Jaílson Santos de , Oliveira Reyjane Patrícia de , Giulietti Ana Maria
Published: April 2022

This account of the Hydroleaceae is a further contribution to the ongoing Flora of Bahia project. One species of Hydrolea L. is recognized for the state of Bahia, Brazil: H. spinosa L. Descriptions, illustrations, and general notes on the species are presented.
Flora da Bahia: Molluginaceae
Authors: Ibrahim Marla , Silva Tânia R. S. , Giulietti Ana Maria , Carneiro Cláudia Elena
Published: April 2022

A floristic survey of Molluginaceae in Bahia, Brazil is presented as a contribution to the study of the flora in the state. Four species in Glinus L., Glischrothamnus Pilg. and Mollugo L. are recognized: Glinus radiatus (Ruiz & Pav.) Rohrb., Glischrothamnus ulei Pilg., Mollugo verticillata L. e Mollugo sp. Key for identification and description of species, besides commentaries, illustrations and distribution maps are provided.
Flora da Bahia: Moraceae
Authors: Castro Ricardo Montianele de , Rapini Alessandro
Published: April 2022

The treatment of Moraceae is part of “Flora da Bahia” project. The family is represented by nine genera and 47 native species in the State. Keys to identify genera and species, description of taxa, as well as illustrations and comments on geographic distribution, phenology and taxonomy of the species are presented.
Flora da Bahia: Malpighiaceae – Banisteriopsis, Bronwenia e Diplopterys
Authors: Carvalho Paula Dib , Rapini Alessandro , Conceição Abel Augusto
Published: April 2022

The floristic inventory of the genera Banisteriopsis, Bronwenia, and Diplopterys (Malpighiaceae) in the State of Bahia, Brazil is presented. Seventeen species of Banisteriopsis, one of Bronwenia, and ten of Diplopterys were recognized. Keys for identification, descriptions and commentaries on genera and species, as well as illustrations and distribution maps of species in the State are provided.
Syagrus coronata (licuri) e Syagrus vagans (licurioba) (Arecaceae): fibras e ceras foliares de plantas de duas regiões da Bahia
Authors: Crepaldi Iara Cândido , Negri Giuseppina , Salatino Antonio , Costa Neto Antonio
Published: April 2022

Leaves of licuri and licurioba are exploited in rural areas of Bahia. Fibers and waxes of plants of these palm species from two localities were analyzed. Both species possess high contents of dietary total and insoluble fibers. Leaves of licuri contain significant higher contents of insoluble dietary fibers. Leaves of both species are abundant wax sources, although the contents of licuri leaves (aprox. 1.300 mg.cm-2) are significantly higher than those of licurioba (aprox. 260 mg.com-2). The present work is the first report on composition of licurioba leaf wax. Although the wax composition of licuri and licurioba is not the same, major constituents of both species are esters, alkanes and triterpenoids (lupeol, lupeyl acetate and lupenone, the latter being the most abundant). Melting point of licuri wax is relatively high (aprox. 75oC). Nonacosane is the predominant homologue in the alkane distribution of both waxes, but C30 and C31 are detectable only in licuri. Significant differences were noted in the wax contents between the populations from the two localities.
Uma nova espécie de Utricularia L. (Lentibulariaceae) da Chapada Diamantina, Bahia, Brasil
Authors: Campos Gleidineia Leite , Cheek Martin , Giulietti Ana Maria
Published: April 2022

A new species of the genus Utricularia is described from the Chapada Diamantina, in the state of Bahia. Utricularia catolesensis G. L. Campos, M. Cheek & Giul. is morphologically related to Utricularia purpureocaerulea A. St. Hil. & Girard, differing from it by its acute to subacute sepals, the white or rarely lilac corolla, basal hump on lower lip yellowish white and seeds pyramidal. The species occurs in swamps, in grassy areas or at the margins of streams.
Anuros e lagartos associados a bromélias em um fragmento de Mata Atlântica no Estado de Pernambuco, Nordeste brasileiro
Authors: Albertim Keitz M. , Andrade Edson V. E. , Melo Íris V. C. , Moura Geraldo J. Barbosa de
Published: April 2022

The Atlantic Forest is distinguished by its great diversity of organisms, high rate of endemism and for being one of the most threatened natural environments on the planet. Among the universe of organisms that inhabit this biome, we highlight the herpetofauna because of its high microenvironmental specificity and the Bromeliaceae for providing a natural microenvironment which can be used by several species, including frogs and lizards. This study aimed to record the richness, abundance, temporal and spatial distribution and specificity of frogs and lizards related to the bromeliad species found in the Estação Ecológica do Tapacurá, na Atlantic Forest fragment in Pernambucano. The bromeliads were visited weekly, and sampled twice during the day (morning and evening) during the rainy (April-June) and dry seasons (September-November 2008), with limited effort of 80 bromeliads per day, 40 per each day period, totaling 1.600 bromeliads analyzed, 800 per season. All plants were investigated by direct observation, manipulation of the leaves and, 3 per turn, by removing the plant. In addition to the registration of herpetofauna they were recorded species of bromeliads, their position on the leaf (base, middle, center) and in part of the leaf (proximal, medial, distal) where the specimens were. The animals were classified according to the use of bromeliads. We recorded 10 representatives of herpetofauna (9 frogs and 1 lizard) occupying two species of bromeliads: Portea leptantha and Hohenbergia hamageana. Six species (Dendropsophus elegans, Hypsiboas albomarginatus, Scinax eurydice, S. x-signatus, Elachistocleis ovalis and Bogertia lutzae) were considered bromelicolous and four (Ischnocnema ramagii, Dendropsophus decipiens, Scinax auratus and S. pachycrus) bromelicolous behavior. The animals were recorded mainly in the dry season, which was expected, since in this season bromeliads are one of the few reserves of water in the Atlantic Forests; in relation to day periods, the records were more frequent during the day of the dry season, without differences in the rainy season. In general the community analyzed showed no preference between the two species of bromeliads studied, although the species S. pachycrus has been found more in P. leptantha. The frogs used mainly the proximal portions of the leaves of the middle and the center of the bromeliads, mainly due to the microenvironment formed by the armpits and the central tank. The method of withdrawal of bromeliads was not effective, simply by direct observation and manipulation of the leaves to expose the armpits.
Os insetos nos textos de instruções das “viagens filosóficas” no século XVIII
Authors: Almeida Argus Vasconcelos de , Albuquerque Auristela Correia de , Oliveira Marco Aurélio Paes de
Published: April 2022

The purpose of this paper is to analyze how insects were conceived in the instructional texts of the “philosophical travels”. After reviewing the historical literature about scientific excursions undertaken in the eighteenth century in colonies of the Portuguese Empire, it was possible to identify concepts about the class Insecta in terms of biology, systematic, external morphology, collection organization and preparation methods held at the time. It was also possible to notice a conceptual evolution about insects which were considered “imperfect beings” in a first moment and later as “nature ministers”. Those instructions were followed in many Brazilian regions, as an example, the naturalist Manoel Arruda da Camara, Vandelli’s disciple, has carried out several scientific excursions in the Northeast region, in which he identified, collected and drew several groups of insects.
Avaliação da homogeneidade em populações de Lemnoideae (Araceae)
Authors: Pires Joseane Brandão , França Flávio , Conceição Neto Antônio de Oliveira
Published: April 2022

As lentihas d´água formam grupo monofilético em Araceae, a principal característica dele é a redução morfológica. Seus representantes ocupam grandes áreas nas lagoas do semi-árido. A amostragem destas populações apresenta caráter não paramétrico. O objetivo deste trabalho foi testar significância da variação do número de indivíduos entre amostras de populações de Lemnoideae, comparando os resultados de testes não paramétricos e avaliando a metodologia de amostragem. Foi selecionada uma lagoa com população significativa de Lemnoideae que foi amostrada de forma quantificável. As espécies encontradas foram Lemna aequinoctialis Welwisch, Lemna valdiviana Phil., Wolffiella welwitschii (Hegelm.) Monod e Wolffia brasiliensis Weddell. A densidade média foi de 178,6x105 a 719,4x105 indivíduos/m2. As populações de Lemna aequinoctialis distribuiram-se de forma heterogênea, enquanto que as de Lemna valdiviana, Wolffia brasiliensis e Wolffiella welwitschii de forma homogênea. Sugere-se que um maior número de amostras é necessário para se ter uma boa descrição das populações de L. valdiviana, enquanto que uma amostragem não muito grande de populações de Wolffia e Wolffiella já permite uma boa aproximação da realidade. A metodologia utilizada mostrou-se sensível para demonstrar a heterogeneidade da população.
Biodegradação de celulose e lignina por fungos: uma breve revisão
Authors: Cardoso Marília Lordêlo , Oliveira Hilana Salete Silva , Uetanabaro Ana Paula Trovatti , Kamida Hélio Mitoshi
Published: April 2022

A bioconversão de compostos ligninocelulósicos é catalisada por um grupo de enzimas ligninocelulolíticas, dentre as quais estão endo e exo-glicanases, b-glicosidases, lignina peroxidases, manganês peroxidases e lacases. Essas enzimas são produzidas por uma grande variedade de fungos, como Phanerochaete chrysosporium, Phlebia radiata, Trametes versicolor, Trichoderma viride, Trichoderma reesei, Penicillium pinophilum. A produção enzimática é influenciada pelo tipo de substrato e pelas condições de cultivo. Essa revisão considera alguns aspectos envolvidos na biodegradação de lignina e celulose por fungos.
Potencial biotecnológico de leveduras carotenogênicas: uma breve revisão
Authors: Oliveira Rodrigo de Queiroz , Góes-Neto Aristóteles , Uetanabaro Ana Paula Trovatti , Rosa Carlos Augusto , Assis Sandra Aparecida de
Published: April 2022

Os carotenóides são corantes naturais, biossintetizados exclusivamente por vegetais e microrganismos. Alguns são precursores de vitamina A e, recentemente, a estes compostos tem sido atribuído um importante papel na diminuição do risco de várias doenças degenerativas. Os carotenóides em formulações comerciais são de dois tipos: obtidos de extratos vegetais ou sintéticos. Os carotenóides obtidos a partir de microrganismos podem apresentar menores flutuações na composição, em relação aos obtidos a partir de extratos de plantas e podem ser mais baratos que os carotenóides sintéticos. A produção de carotenóides por meio de microrganismos constitui ainda uma alternativa interessante devido à possibilidade da obtenção de pigmentos naturais em escala industrial. As aplicações industriais dos carotenóides envolvem seu uso como suplementação alimentar e como corantes de alimentos e de ração. Assim, esta breve revisão tem por objetivo a divulgação do potencial industrial e biotecnológico de leveduras carotenogênicas.
Artigos científicos e de divulgação do entomologista Oscar Monte (1895-1948)
Authors: Nomura Hitoshi
Published: April 2022

Neste artigo é apresentada a lista completa dos artigos científicos e de divulgação de Oscar Monte, principalmente sobre entomologia. Ele estudava as espécies de insetos que se tornaram pragas na lavoura brasileira. Em seus artigos de divulgação, além de descrever as espécies nocivas à lavoura, ele indicava os melhores meios para combatê-los. Nos artigos científicos, ele nomeou e descreveu muitas espécies de Homoptera da família Tingitidae. Como atualmente não há nenhum entomologista brasileiro dedicado ao estudo dessa família, achamos de bom alvitre divulgar seus trabalhos para despertar vocações. Monte também estudava os Coleoptera.
Conhecimento popular de moradores do entorno do Parque Estadual do Ibitipoca (MG, Brasil) sobre o gênero Mazama Rafinesque, 1817 (Cervidae)
Authors: Gehara Marcelo Coelho Miguel , Ribeiro Gabriela Cunha , Bisaggio Eduardo Lage , Andriolo Artur
Published: April 2022

The genus Mazama is widely distributed along South America. In Brazil, it is represented by five species. There are few studies on this species’ biology because of its withdrawn behavior. This fact turns it difficult to implement traditional methods of fauna research. The study of popular knowledge can help in many ways in a fauna investigation, and it is very important in a conservation plan. In this work, we interviewed the people of five villages around the Ibitipoca State Park, MG, Brazil, to evaluate the popular knowledge about the genus Mazama in this region. Our data show significant differences among age, sex, time of living and size of the village, concerning the sightings of Mazama species. We also concluded that the people of this region are probably unable to identify the species of this genus.
Girinos de três espécies do gênero Rhinella Fitzinger, 1826 (Anura – Bufonidae) ocorrentes no Estado da Bahia, Brasil
Authors: Mercês Ednei de Almeida , Juncá Flora Acuña , Casal Francisco S. Cousiño
Published: April 2022

This study offers a contribution to the knowledge of biology and taxonomy of the genus Rhinella Fitzinger, 1826, through the morphologic description of tadpoles of Rhinella granulosa (Spix, 1824), Rhinella hoogmoedi (Caramaschi & Pombal, 2006) and Rhinella jimi (Stévaux, 2002) from the state of Bahia, Brazil. It also compares the tadpole morphology of this study with the descriptions of tadpoles of other species of the genus.
Borboletas do Parque Metropolitano de Pituaçu, Salvador, Bahia, Brasil
Authors: Vasconcelos Rodrigo Nogueira de , Barbosa Elaine Cristina Cambui , Peres Marcelo Cesar Lima
Published: April 2022

The Pituaçu Metropolitan Park (PMP) represents one of the few protected areas in the city of Salvador, representing an important refuge for fauna and flora that are not associated with urban areas. In this sense, the present study represents the first attempt to provide information about the fauna of butterflies associated with urban forest remaining in Salvador. Samples were carried out from November 2002 to April 2003 for three consecutive days of each month, using as methods of capture the entomological net and trap of fermented fruit. We caught a total of 319 individuals belonging to 70 species after a collect effort of more than 324 hours, the most representative family in terms of richness was Nymphalidae. Although our results suggest that the fauna of the PMP captured during our study consists largely of generalist species, it is very important to emphasize this, because the area represents one of the few urban forest remaining protected in the city of Salvador. We suggest the management by the planting of native plant species that serve as food resources for adults and larvae of butterflies and restoration of open areas as measures for the maintenance of butterfly communities of PMP.
Estimating uncertainty for the instrument transfer function measurement of 3D scanners
Authors: Jain Swati , Davies Angela D.
Published: April 2022

Spatial resolution is an important aspect of many optical instruments. It is defined as the ability of surface-topography measuring instruments to distinguish closely spaced surface features. Following convention, spatial resolution can be defined as the spatial frequency response of the instrument, known as the instrument transfer function (ITF). In this paper, we describe the step-artifact approach for estimating the ITF for 3D scanners, discuss step artifact characterization and validation approaches, and present a method to estimate the combined uncertainty of the ITF measurement. The approach is demonstrated using the EinScan-Pro 3D scanner. A step artifact is used for the measurement that takes advantage of the cleaving properties of a single-side polished silicon wafer. The uncertainty analysis includes simulations to estimate the contribution due to influencing factors such as the alignment of the step artifact to the measurement axis, the diffuse versus specular scattering properties of the step edge, and various processing parameter choices.
Modal decomposition of an incoherent combined laser beam based on the combination of residual networks and a stochastic parallel gradient descent algorithm
Authors: Chen Fan
Published: April 2022

With the increase of the superimposed eigenmodes number, the traditional numerical modal decomposition (MD) technique will inevitably suffer from ambiguity and local minima problems and thus is typically unsuitable for conducting modal decomposition of an incoherent combined laser beam. In this paper, we propose a novel, to the best of our knowledge, MD algorithm, named ResNet-SPGD, which combines the advantages of residual networks (ResNet) and stochastic parallel gradient descent (SPGD) algorithm. Via setting the modal mode coefficients obtained from the CNN model as the initial value of the SPGD algorithm, such algorithm shows an attractive solution to mitigate the problem of modal ambiguity. The proposed algorithm is preliminarily applied to the modal decomposition of an incoherent combined laser beam, and the feasibility is demonstrated via numerical simulations. Complete MD is performed with high accuracy, and the only cost is the sacrifice of some real-time capacity.
Self super-resolution autostereoscopic 3D measuring system using deep convolutional neural networks
Authors: Gao Sanshan , Cheung Chi Fai , Li Da
Published: April 2022

Autostereoscopy technology can provide a rapid and accurate three-dimensional (3D) measurement solution for micro-structured surfaces. Elemental images (EIs) are recorded within one snapshot and the measurement accuracy can be quantified from the disparities existing in the 3D information. However, a trade-off between the spatial and the angular resolution of the EIs is a major obstacle to the improvement on the measurement results. To address this issue, an angular super-resolution algorithm based on deep neural networks is proposed to construct a self super-resolution autostereoscopic (SSA) 3D measuring system. The proposed super-resolution algorithm can generate novel perspectives between the neighboring EIs so that the angular resolution is enhanced. The proposed SSA 3D measuring system can achieve self super-resolution on its measurement data. A comprehensive comparison experiment was conducted to verify the feasibility and technical merit of the proposed measuring system. The results show that the proposed SSA system can significantly improve the resolution of the measuring data by around 4 folds and enhance the measurement accuracy to a sub-micrometer level with lower standard deviations and biases.
Scanning dynamic light scattering optical coherence tomography for measurement of high omnidirectional flow velocities
Authors: Cheishvili Konstantine , Kalkman Jeroen
Published: April 2022

We show scanning dynamic light scattering optical coherence tomography (OCT) omnidirectional flow measurements. Our method improves the velocity measurement limit over conventional correlation-based or phase-resolved Doppler OCT by more than a factor of 2. Our technique is applicable without a-priori knowledge of the flow geometry as our method works both for non-zero Doppler angle and non-ideal scan alignment. In addition, the method improves the particle diffusion coefficient estimation for particles under flow.
Nonsequential double ionization driven by inhomogeneous laser fields
Authors: Xu Jingkun , Li Yingbin , Zhou Yueming , Chen Yongkun , Li Min , Yu Benhai , Lu Peixiang
Published: April 2022

With a three-dimensional classical ensemble method, we theoretically investigated the correlated electron dynamics in nonsequential double ionization (NSDI) driven by the spatially inhomogeneous fields. Our results show that NSDI in the spatially inhomogeneous fields is more efficient than that in the spatially homogeneous fields at the low laser intensities, while at the high intensities NSDI is suppressed as compared to the homogeneous fields. More interestingly, our results show that the electron pairs from NSDI exhibit a much stronger angular correlation in the spatially inhomogeneous fields, especially at the higher laser intensities. The correlated electron momentum distribution shows that in the inhomogeneous fields the electron pairs favor to achieve the same final momentum, and the distributions dominantly are clustered in the more compact regions. It is shown that the electron’s momentum is focused by the inhomogeneous fields. The underlying dynamics is revealed by back-tracing the classical trajectories.
Compact and high Q-factor multimode racetrack ring resonator based on transformation optics
Authors: Cai Lifeng , Gao Dingshan , Dong Jianji , Hou Jin , Yang Chunyong , Chen Shaoping , Zhang Xinliang
Published: April 2022

The ring resonator is a versatile and functional component in the silicon-based integrated optical circuit. Most of the previously reported ring resonators work in the single-mode case. With the rapid development of mode division multiplexing technology, a multimode ring resonator (MMRR) has been proposed and the usage beyond the limit of a conventional single mode ring resonator has been explored. However, the reported MMRRs are either large in size or low in quality factor. In this paper, we designed a compact silicon MMRR with a small bending radius of 15µm, in which the three lowest TE modes all have high Q-factors. For suppressing the mode loss and inter-mode crosstalk in MMRR, a multimode waveguide bend (MWB) with mode adiabatic evolution was designed based on transformation optics and waveguide shape optimization. The independent excitation of each order mode of the MMRR is realized by using bending directional coupler and asymmetric directional coupler. We successfully fabricated the device on a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) platform using simple one-step lithography. The measured loaded Q-factors of the three lowest TE modes are 5.9 × 104, 4.5 × 104, and 4.7 × 104, respectively.
On-chip integration of 2D Van der Waals germanium phosphide (GeP) for active silicon photonics devices
Authors: Dushaq Ghada , Paredes Bruna , Villegas Juan E. , Tamalampudi Srinivasa R. , Rasras Mahmoud
Published: April 2022

The outstanding performance and facile processability turn two-dimensional materials (2DMs) into the most sought-after class of semiconductors for optoelectronics applications. Yet, significant progress has been made toward the hybrid integration of these materials on silicon photonics (SiPh) platforms for a wide range of mid-infrared (MIR) applications. However, realizing 2D materials with a strong optical response in the NIR-MIR and excellent air stability is still a long-term goal. Here, we report a waveguide integrated photodetector based on a novel 2D GeP. This material uniquely combines narrow and wide tunable bandgap energies (0.51–1.68 eV), offering a broadband operation from visible to MIR spectral range. In a significant advantage over graphene devices, hybrid Si/GeP waveguide photodetectors work under bias with a low dark current of few nano-amps and demonstrate excellent stability and reproducibility. Additionally, 65 nm thick GeP devices integrated on silicon waveguides exhibit a remarkable photoresponsivity of 0.54 A/W and attain high external quantum efficiency of ∼ 51.3% under 1310 nm light and at room temperature. Furthermore, a measured absorption coefficient of 1.54 ± 0.3 dB/µm at 1310 nm suggests the potential of 2D GeP as an alternative infrared material with broad optical tunability and dynamic stability suitable for advanced optoelectronic integration.
Spectral decoupling of cooperative emissivity in silica-polymer metamaterials for radiative cooling
Authors: Xinyuan Zhang , Wang Jining , Li Yao , Yang Ronggui , Zhan Yaohui
Published: April 2022

Silica-polymer metamaterials are one promising candidate of
radiative-cooling materials suitable for scalable manufacture.
However, the strong coupling between the silica and polymer components
and their respective contribution to total emission remain unexplored.
In this work, we developed a 3D full-wave model for such a randomized
composite system to retrieve the spectral emissivity of individual
components and uncover the interacted physical mechanisms. The results
demonstrate and decouple the cooperative emission in the
scatter-medium system and quantitatively evaluate the
geometry-dependent light-matter interactions, which sheds more light
on silica-polymer metamaterials and provides helpful guidance for
designing similar thermal-control materials.
Longitudinal deep sequencing informs vector selection and future deployment strategies for transmissible vaccines
Authors: Griffiths Megan E. , Broos Alice , Bergner Laura M. , Meza Diana K. , Suarez Nicolas M. , da Silva Filipe Ana , Tello Carlos , Becker Daniel J. , Streicker Daniel G.
Published: April 2022

Vaccination is a powerful tool in combating infectious diseases of humans and companion animals. In most wildlife, including reservoirs of emerging human diseases, achieving sufficient vaccine coverage to mitigate disease burdens remains logistically unattainable. Virally vectored “transmissible” vaccines that deliberately spread among hosts are a potentially transformative, but still theoretical, solution to the challenge of immunising inaccessible wildlife. Progress towards real-world application is frustrated by the absence of frameworks to guide vector selection and vaccine deployment prior to major in vitro and in vivo investments in vaccine engineering and testing. Here, we performed deep sequencing on field-collected samples of Desmodus rotundus betaherpesvirus (DrBHV), a candidate vector for a transmissible vaccine targeting vampire bat–transmitted rabies. We discovered 11 strains of DrBHV that varied in prevalence and geographic distribution across Peru. The phylogeographic structure of DrBHV strains was predictable from both host genetics and landscape topology, informing long-term DrBHV-vectored vaccine deployment strategies and identifying geographic areas for field trials where vaccine spread would be naturally contained. Multistrain infections were observed in 79% of infected bats. Resampling of marked individuals over 4 years showed within-host persistence kinetics characteristic of latency and reactivation, properties that might boost individual immunity and lead to sporadic vaccine transmission over the lifetime of the host. Further, strain acquisitions by already infected individuals implied that preexisting immunity and strain competition are unlikely to inhibit vaccine spread. Our results support the development of a transmissible vaccine targeting a major source of human and animal rabies in Latin America and show how genomics can enlighten vector selection and deployment strategies for transmissible vaccines.
Unmet need for treatment-seeking from public health facilities in India: An analysis of sociodemographic, regional and disease-wise variations
Authors: Yadav Rajaram , Yadav Jeetendra , Shekhar Chander
Published: April 2022

Treatment-seeking behaviour is closely associated with the health status of individuals and countries. About 800 million people have no access to health services in the developing world. Though the situation has been improving, the inequalities across geographical regions, socioeconomic status, and disease types continued to persist. The available literature suggests research gaps in examining the unmet need for treatment-seeking from public health facilities across sociodemographic characteristics, regions, and specific diseases. Data for this study comes from the three rounds of National Sample Survey (NSS) (2004, 2014, 2018). We applied descriptive, bivariate, and multivariable analysis to investigate the unmet need for treatment-seeking for public health facilities across sociodemographic characteristics, regions, and specific diseases between 2004 and 2018. The unmet need for treatment-seeking from public health facilities remained high at 60% in 2004 to 62% in 2018. However, the proportion of respondents who did not seek treatment has reduced 12% to 3% from 2004 to 2018. In states like Andhra Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Punjab, Telangana, Uttar Pradesh, and West Bengal, the unmet need for treatment-seeking from public health facilities was more than 60% in 2018. For 2018, the quality of services at public health facilities was the main reason for showing a higher unmet need for treatment-seeking in the richer MPCE quintiles. On the other hand, the ailment not considered serious as the main reason for the unmet need for treatment-seeking from any sources has got nearly doubled from 36% in 2004 to 71% in 2018. This study concludes that improving the availability of various kinds of services at public health facilities should be a priority under India’s universal health coverage program. Education plays a vital role in treatment-seeking. Thus, there is an urgent need for increasing awareness among people for treatment-seeking. Ensuring a minimum quality of health care services and reducing long waiting timing would reduce the apathy to receive services from the public health facilities.
Predicting diarrhoea outbreaks with climate change
Authors: Abdullahi Tassallah , Nitschke Geoff , Sweijd Neville
Published: April 2022

Background

Climate change is expected to exacerbate diarrhoea outbreaks across the developing world, most notably in Sub-Saharan countries such as South Africa. In South Africa, diseases related to diarrhoea outbreak is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. In this study, we modelled the impacts of climate change on diarrhoea with variousmachine learning(ML) methods to predict daily outbreak of diarrhoea cases in nine South African provinces.

Methods

We applied twodeep LearningDL techniques,Convolutional Neural Networks(CNNs) andLong-Short term Memory Networks(LSTMs); and aSupport Vector Machine(SVM) to predict daily diarrhoea cases over the different South African provinces by incorporating climate information.Generative Adversarial Networks(GANs) was used to generate synthetic data which was used to augment the available data-set. Furthermore,Relevance Estimation and Value Calibration(REVAC) was used to tune the parameters of the ML methods to optimize the accuracy of their predictions.Sensitivity analysiswas also performed to investigate the contribution of the different climate factors to the diarrhoea prediction method.

Results

Our results showed that all three ML methods were appropriate for predicting daily diarrhoea cases with respect to the selected climate variables in each South African province. However, the level of accuracy for each method varied across different experiments, with the deep learning methods outperforming the SVM method. Among the deep learning techniques, the CNN method performed best when only real-world data-set was used, while the LSTM method outperformed the other methods when the real-world data-set was augmented with synthetic data. Across the provinces, the accuracy of all three ML methods improved by at least 30 percent when data augmentation was implemented. In addition, REVAC improved the accuracy of the CNN method by about 2.5% in each province. Our parameter sensitivity analysis revealed that the most influential climate variables to be considered when predicting outbreak of diarrhoea in South Africa wereprecipitation,humidity,evaporationandtemperatureconditions.

Conclusions

Overall, experiments indicated that the prediction capacity of our DL methods (Convolutional Neural Networks) was found to be superior (with statistical significance) in terms of prediction accuracy across most provinces. This study’s results have important implications for the development of automated early warning systems for diarrhoea (and related disease) outbreaks across the globe.
Perceptual learning is robust to manipulations of valence and arousal in childhood and adulthood
Authors: Cochrane Aaron , Ruba Ashley L. , Lovely Alyssa , Kane-Grade Finola E. , Duerst Abigail , Pollak Seth D.
Published: April 2022

Despite clear links between affective processes in many areas of cognition and perception, the influence of affective valence and arousal on low-level perceptual learning have remained largely unexplored. Such influences could have the potential to disrupt or enhance learning that would have long-term consequences for young learners. The current study manipulated 8- to 11-year-old children’s and young adults’ mood using video clips (to induce a positive mood) or a psychosocial stressor (to induce a negative mood). Each participant then completed one session of a low-level visual learning task (visual texture paradigm). Using novel computational methods, we did not observe evidence for the modulation of visual perceptual learning by manipulations of emotional arousal or valence in either children or adults. The majority of results supported a model of perceptual learning that is overwhelmingly constrained to the task itself and independent from external factors such as variations in learners’ affect.