bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Methodological Approaches to Experimental Evaluation of Neuroprotective Action of Potential Drugs
Authors: Belenichev Igor , Bukhtiyarova Nina , Ryzhenko Victor , Makyeyeva Lyudmyla , Morozova Oksana , Oksenych Valentyn , Kamyshnyi Oleksandr
Published: September 2024

The authors propose a novel approach for a comprehensive evaluation of neuroprotective effects using both in vitro and in vivo methods. This approach allows for the initial screening of numerous newly synthesized chemical compounds and substances from plant and animal sources while preserving animal life. In vitro techniques, including mitochondrial suspensions and neuronal cell cultures, enable assessment of neuroprotective activity, which can be challenging in intact organisms. The preliminary methods help outline the neuroprotection mechanism depending on the neurodestruction agent. The authors have validated a model of acute cerebrovascular accident, which simulates key cerebrovascular phenomena such as reduced cerebral blood flow, energy deficit, glutamate-calcium excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, and early gene expression. A significant advantage of this model is its ability to reproduce the clinical picture of cerebral ischemia: impaired motor activity, signs of neurological deficits (paresis, paralysis, etc.), as well as disturbances in attention, learning, and memory. Crucial to this approach is the selection of biochemical, molecular, and cellular markers to evaluate nerve tissue damage and characterize potential neuroprotective agents. Additionally, a comprehensive set of molecular, biochemical, histological, and immunohistochemical methods is proposed for evaluating neuroprotective effects and underlying mechanisms of potential pharmaceutical compounds.
Ternary ZnS/ZnO/Graphitic Carbon Nitride Heterojunction for Efficient and Stable Hydrogen Photocatalytic Production
Authors: Bolatov Asset , Manjovelo Alida , Chouchene Bilel , Balan Lavinia , Gries Thomas , Medjahdi Ghouti , Uralbekov Bolat , Schneider Raphaël
Published: September 2024

Ternary ZnS/ZnO/graphitic carbon nitride (gCN) photocatalysts were prepared by coupling gCN sheets with ZnO nanorods under solvothermal conditions followed by sulfurization using Na2S. SEM and TEM analyses show that small-sized ZnS particles (ca. 7.2 nm) deposit homo-geneously on the surface of ZnO/gCN nanohybrids. Photoluminescence and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy show that ZnS allows an enhanced charge separation efficiency as well as prolonged lifetime of photogenerated charge carriers, leading to improved hydrogen photo-production under UV light irradiation compared to ZnO/gCN. Moreover, the deposition of ZnS nanoparticles improves the photostability of the ZnS/ZnO/gCN catalyst for hydrogen produc-tion. A double Z-scheme mechanism is proposed for hydrogen photoproduction using the ZnS/ZnO/gCN heterojunction.
Item Development of the Family Conditions for Measuring Family Resilience: Directed Content Analysis Based on Literature and Family Interviews
Authors: Hohashi Naohiro , Kijima Natsumi
Published: September 2024

When experiencing a variety of family negative events, families recognized as having high family resilience maintain and improve family functioning. It is important, therefore, to be able to assess families lacking in family resilience in order to prevent, reduce, or ameliorate family symptoms. The purpose of this study was to clarify the state of exerted family resilience in order to create an assessment scale for insufficiencies in family resilience (IFR). Family resilience is defined as “when a family becomes aware of family symptoms, its power to autonomously and actively improve its own family functions.” The results of a literature review of 22 cases from 16 studies on family resilience and the results of 28 semi-structured interviews with 28 parenting-age families in Japan were qualitatively categorized, and directed content analysis was conducted based on the Concentric Sphere Family Environment Theory. A total of 157 labels, with a total of 23 categories and 47 subcategories, such as “Can utilize relatives,” “Family members can communicate with members of other families,” “Family members can share information,” “All family members can communicate with one another,” “All family members can cooperate with one another,” and “Can share time with family,” was revealed. Thus, a variety of diverse aspects contributing to a family’s resilience, including family member interactions, entire family interactions, use of social resources, and religious and spiritual support, were revealed. The results of this study should be linked to the creation of the IFR.
Vitamin D, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, antioxidants in the treatment of psoriasis
Authors:   Professor Kalinchenko's Clinic, Moscow, Russian Federation, Samburskaya O.V. ,   Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN), Moscow, Russian Federation, Kalinchenko S.Yu. ,   Professor Kalinchenko's Clinic, Moscow, Russian Federation,   Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN), Moscow, Russian Federation, Batkaeva N.V. ,   Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN), Moscow, Russian Federation, Batkaev E.A. ,   Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN), Moscow, Russian Federation, Vorslov L.O. ,   Professor Kalinchenko's Clinic, Moscow, Russian Federation,   Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN), Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: September 2024

The increased interest in dietary supplements (vitamin D, ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), antioxidants) makes it popular, and increasingly doctors of various specialties prescribe them for the treatment of various diseases. Psoriasis has similar pathogenetic mechanisms with other comorbid pathologies; there are the same pro-inflammatory components that activate biochemical pathways that induce the development of insulin resistance, glycation processes, oxidative, carbonyl, nitrosative stress and inflammation.This study shows the mechanisms of the influence of vitamin D, ω-3 PUFA, antioxidants on the pathogenesis of the development of not only psoriasis, but also comorbid diseases: regulation of the immune response, both systemic and skin, changes in the ratio of pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators, synthesis of antimicrobial peptides, regulation of proliferation and differentiation of keratinocytes, improvement of the quality of epidermal surface lipids, increasing the elasticity of cell membranes, inhibition of inflammation, insulin resistance and neutralization of oxidative, carbonyl and nitrosative stresses. Key words: antioxidant, vitamin D, inflammation, glycation, insulin resistance, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, psoriasis, carbonyl stress, oxidative stress, nitrosative stress
Terminological basis in the subject field of clinical knowledge
Authors:   Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, Moscow, Russian Federation, Petukhov A.B. , Nikityuk D.B. ,   Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, Moscow, Russian Federation, Novodranova V.F. ,   A.I.Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Mosсow, Russian Federation
Published: September 2024

We did the terminological description of the general concept of specific field of knowledge – the science of nutrition, interrelated concepts by types, situations, categorical signs in dietetics. Key words: medical terminology, nutrition science, dietetics, diet, alimentary factor, replaceable nutritional factor, irreplaceable nutritional factor
Vitamin D and cardiometabolic risk factors for the development and progression of type 2 diabetes and its complications
Authors:   Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, Moscow, Russian Federation, Sharafetdinov Kh.Kh. ,   Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Moscow, Russian Federation,   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Kodentsova V.M. ,   Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, Moscow, Russian Federation, Alekseeva R.I. ,   Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, Moscow, Russian Federation, Plotnikova O.A. ,   Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, Moscow, Russian Federation, Pilipenko V.V. ,   Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: September 2024

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) and vitamin D deficiency are so common in the population that they are referred to as pandemics, which justifies the use of vitamin D to correct its deficiency. Objective. To study the association between vitamin D status in patients with T2D and cardiometabolic risk factors for the development of T2D and its complications, as well as to analyze the dose-time dependence of the effectiveness of vitamin D deficiency correction according to recent data. Results. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among patients with T2D is quite high and is even more common in patients with complicated T2D. There was a significant negative correlation between serum 25(OH)D concentrations and the levels of fasting plasma glucose, HbA1c, cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and body mass index (BMI), while there was a positive correlation between the levels of 25(OH)D and HDL cholesterol. A consensus was reached on the need to optimize vitamin D status in T2D patients. Different doses and regimens of vitamin D supplementation are used to correct vitamin D deficiency. Important factors in the effectiveness of vitamin D administration are the patients’ baseline vitamin D status, dosage and duration of vitamin D3 intake. The effect of vitamin D3 on serum 25(OH)D concentrations was shown to be more pronounced in individuals with initial vitamin D deficiency. To correct vitamin D deficiency, the duration of administration should be 3 to 6 months, using doses that are not less than the recommended daily intake. High doses of vitamin D (more than 2000 IU/day) were more effective in correcting serum 25(OH)D levels and improving glycemic control and lipid metabolism in patients with T2D and vitamin D deficiency. Conclusions. To eliminate the lack of vitamin D, its daily long-term administration at a dose of 800–1000 IU is advisable. Optimization of vitamin D supply should be considered as a part of diet therapy for T2D, contributing to the mitigation of clinical manifestations of the disease and its associated complications. Key words: type 2 diabetes, insulin resistance, vitamin D, doses, efficacy
Effect of apiculture products on glycemic parameters in children with type 1 diabetes
Authors:   Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN), Moscow, Russian Federation, Kalinchenko S.Yu. ,   Clinic of Professor Kalinchenko, Moscow, Russian Federation, Vorslov L.O. ,   Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN), Moscow, Russian Federation,   Clinic of Professor Kalinchenko, Moscow, Russian Federation, Petrova V.I. ,   Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN), Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: September 2024

The article presents a clinical case demonstrating the positive result of supplementing the diet of a child with type 1 diabetes (T1D) with a natural bee product "Makoshen" as a nutritional support. As a result, not only a reduction in insulin requirement was noted, but also the achievement of a favorable psycho-emotional state in the patient due to the introduction into the diet of a pleasant, sweet product that is rare for a child with T1D. Key words: apitherapy, glycated hemoglobin, children, adolescents, insulin requirement, type 1 diabetes
Peramalan Pengunjung Website PT XYZ menggunakan Metode Arima
Authors: Rokhayati Yeni , Fadhila Luthfi Luluk
Published: September 2024

Abstrak 

Salah satu strategi pemasaran di PT. XYZ menggunakan optimasi website. Menganalisa kegiatan bisnis terutama pada strategi pemasaran suatu perusahaan perlu untuk mengevaluasi apa yang akan terjadi di masa depan. PT. XYZ sejauh ini belum melakukan analisa strategi pemasarannya via website ini, terutama bagaimana meramalkan pengunjungnya. Berdasarkan Web Analytics Association (WAA), terdapat 3 metrik penting dalam analisa website yaitu page view, unique visitors, dan visits. Untuk itu, penelitian ini melakukan analisa peramalan website PT XYZ untuk page view, unique visitors, dan visits menggunakan metode ARIMA. Hasil evaluasi dan peramalan diketahui bahwa analisa ini menghasilkan model ARIMA terbaik yang dapat digunakan untuk meramalkan 35 satuan periode ke depan

=================================================

Abstract

PT. XYZ uses website optimization in marketing. Analyzing business activities, especially a company's marketing strategy, is necessary to evaluate what will happen in the future. PT. XYZ has yet to study its marketing strategy via this website, significantly how to predict its visitors. Based on the Web Analytics Association (WAA), website analysis has three essential metrics: page views, unique visitors, and visits. For this reason, this study analyzes PT XYZ's website forecasting for page views, unique visitors, and visits using the ARIMA method. Evaluation and forecasting results show that this analysis produces the best ARIMA model that can be used to predict the following 35 unit periods.
Özel ve Yabancı Sermayeli Mevduat Bankalarının Finansal Durumlarının Karşılaştırmalı Analizi
Authors: Ertuğrul Ayşegül
Published: September 2024

Türk finansal sistemi içerisinde bankalar sahiplik yapılarına göre kamu, özel ve yabancı sermayeli mevduat bankaları şeklinde sınıflandırılırlar. Yaşanan bankacılık krizleri sonrası Türk bankacılık sektörü içinde yabancı sermayeli bankaların payı önemli düzeyde artmıştır. Reel sektörün en önemli fon sağladığı kuruluşlar bankalardır ve bankacılık sektöründe yaşanacak olan bir krizin reel sektörü ciddi anlamda etkileyeceği de bilinmektedir. Reel sektörün yatırımlarına devam etmesi ülkenin ekonomik büyüme ve kalkınmasının devamı için önemli olmaktadır. Bu açılardan düşünüldüğünde Türk bankacılık sistemi içerisinde yer alan bankaların da finansal performansları önem arz etmektedir. Çalışmada aktif büyüklüğü açısından önemli bir yerde bulunan ilk beş özel ve yabancı sermayeli bankaların finansal performansları karşılaştırılmıştır. Karşılaştırma ölçütü olarak aktif kalitesi, likidite, karlılık ve sermaye yeterliliği oranları açısından değerlendirilmiş ve analiz dönemi olarak 2012-2022 yıllık verileri kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada kullanılan oranlar bazında değerlendirildiğinde karlılık açısından iki grup arasında anlamlı bir farklılık bulunmamışken, aktif kalitesi açısından Toplam Krediler/Toplam Varlıklar ve Donuk Alacaklar/Toplam Krediler açısından anlamlı bir farklılık yokken, Toplam Krediler/Toplam Mevduat oranı bazında özel sermayeli bankalar lehine anlamlı bir fark bulunmuştur. Likidite oranları açısından yabancı sermayeli bankalar lehine anlamlı bir farklılık bulunmuşken, sermaye yeterliliği oranlarından Özkaynaklar/Toplam Varlıklar açısından yabancı sermayeli mevduat bankalarının daha iyi performans gösterdiği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
Leveraging artificial intelligence and machine learning (AI/ML) for levee culvert Inspections in USACE Flood Control Systems (FCS)
Authors: Niles Kenneth , Leathers Emily , Tom Joe , Armstrong Chandler , Ennasr Osama , Dodd Brandon , Coumbe Theresa , Blevins Matthew , Bennett Brenna , Rinaudo Christina , Torres Nalini , Breland Benjamin , Nick Zachary
Published: September 2024

Levee inspections are essential in preventing flooding within populated regions. Risk assessments of structures are performed to identify potential failure modes to maintain the safety and health of the structure. The data collection and defect coding parts of the inspection process can be labor-intensive and time-consuming. The integration of machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI) techniques may increase accuracy of assessments and reduce time and cost. To develop a foundation for a fully autonomous inspection process, this research investigates methods to gather information for levees, structures, and culverts as well as methods to identify indicators of future failures using AI and ML techniques. Robotic platform and instrumentation options that can be used in the data collection process are also explored, and a platform-agnostic solution is proposed.
Optimizing Hyperparameters of CNN and DNN for Emotion Classification Based on EEG Signals
Authors: Rini Dian Palupi , Kurnia Sari Winda
Published: September 2024

EEG emotion is a research topic that has gained significant attention in the development of emotion classification systems. This study focuses on optimizing the hyperparameters of CNN (Convolutional Neural Network) and DNN (Deep Neural Network) for classifying EEG emotion signals. The data is divided into three train-test data ratio scenarios: 80:20, 70:30, and 60:40. After modeling and the classification process, hyperparameter tuning was conducted on both models to achieve the best results. Experimental results showed the highest accuracy of 98.36% for CNN, while DNN reached 98.18% in the 80:20 data ratio scenario. Despite the high accuracy, the differences in the loss curves between CNN and DNN reflect the complexity of the performance of both models. The train-test data ratio was also found to significantly impact the performance of both models, with the 80:20 data split yielding the best results, while the 70:30 and 60:40 splits resulted in slightly lower accuracies.
Web-Based Formaldehyde Detection System in Chickens using IOT and Fuzzy Logic
Authors: Arafah Mufti Azizurahman , Siti Amatullah Karimah, S.T., M.T.  , Hudan Nuha Hilal , Rosdiana Endang
Published: September 2024

Chicken is a widely consumed source of animal protein globally, valued for its high protein content and essential nutrients. Ensuring the freshness of chicken meat is crucial to guarantee its healthiness and prevent harm to consumers. Unfortunately, there are concerns about the use of hazardous substances like formaldehyde by some traders for meat preservation. Formalin, a clear liquid with a pungent odor, is commonly utilized as a food preservative. To address the misuse of formaldehyde in broiler chickens, an innovative solution is proposed involving IoT technology and Fuzzy Logic. The developed formaldehyde detection system employs an ESP8266 microcontroller and a TCS3200 sensor to assess color variations in chicken meat samples mixed with Schiff's reagent. The TCS3200 sensor detects color changes, and the ESP8266 Microcontroller converts measurements into RGB basic colors. Calibration of the sensor yielded a 98.30% relative accuracy at a 3 cm distance. Fuzzy Logic is then applied to determine formaldehyde levels, displayed on an LCD screen. The tool exhibits a 95% reliability for achieving a 0 ppm level, 93% for 40 ppm, 92% for 80 ppm, and 100% for 200 ppm
Enhancing Cybersecurity Against DDOS Attacks Evaluating Supervised Machine Learning Techniques
Authors: Janaki  , Karthikeyan
Published: September 2024

An individual or group launches a cyber attack when they intentionally try to get into another person's or group's computer system. Typically, the goal of an attacker is to gain an advantage by interfering with the victim's network. Now that COVID-19 has wreaked havoc on businesses throughout the world, it's cybercriminals' ideal storm. When it comes to cyber threats, Distributed Denial-Of-Service attacks (DDoS) are the most common and dangerous for corporate networks, apps, and services. Distributed denial of service attacks aim to flood a server, service, or network with malicious traffic in an effort to interrupt regular traffic. Financial losses, decreased productivity, damaged brands, worse credit and insurance ratings, damaged relationships with suppliers and customers, and IT budget overruns are all possible outcomes. Developing Network Intrusion Detection Systems (NIDSs) that can reliably foretell DDoS attacks is an urgent issue. This study used the CICDDoS2019 dataset to assess supervised Machine Learning (ML) methods. The machine learning algorithms that were assessed include AdaBoost, Naïve Bayes, MLP-ANN, Random Forest, and SVM. We use the assessment metrics: Area Under the Curve (AUC), Accuracy, F-measure, Precision, and Recall.  This study demonstrates that of the algorithms tested, AdaBoost shows the highest promise in detecting DDoS attacks
The Void Above: The Future of Space Warfare and a Call to Update the Rule of International Space Law
Authors: Cunningham Alan
Published: September 2024

In an age where space warfare is becoming more likely and a militarized space is already a reality, it is imperative to develop a strong legal framework to try and prevent nation-states from engaging in warfare. By implementing legal standards, improving on the existing legal framework, and taking input from outside legal sources, outer space can be made safer and the potential for armed conflict more protected against.
A Call for Space-domain Intelligence Training
Authors: Martinez Ginelle M.
Published: September 2024

U.S. Space Force intelligence initial skills training (IST) currently occurs via U.S. Air Force pipelines. However, as the Space Force matures, it must take ownership of its training programs. Consolidating guardian intelligence initial skills training under the purview of the newest Service fosters a critical space-domain focused mindset and guardian culture at the outset of a member’s career.
Abhinavagupta’s Gītārthasaṅgraha: an Alternative Monistic Paradigm in the Interpretation of the Bhagavadgītā
Authors:   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences, Lobanov Sergey ,   St. Andrews’s Biblical Theological Institute
Published: September 2024

The article analyzes the main ideas of the Kashmiri philosopher Abhinavagupta’s (Xth – XIth cc.) commentary to the Bhagavadgītā – Gītārthasaṅgraha (Sanskrit, “Collection of meanings of the Gītā”), representing the paradigm of monism known as para-advaita (“supreme non-duality”), and different from Śaṅkara’s paradigm of advaita (“non-duality”) reflected in his Gītābhāṣya (“Commentary on the Gita”). The interpretations of the Bhagavadgītā, the only text commented on by both great thinkers, illustrate how each of them defends the idea of the ab­solute unity of the empirical subject (jīva) and the Absolute (Brahman) as the very essence of the Bhagavadgītā philosophy, but interprets this unity differently in dealing with this and other issues. The author sees the most striking difference between their approaches, also observed in the mentioned commentaries, in the dif­ferent assessment of the relationship between knowledge and action, in the under­standing of the nature of māyā and in the treatment of the causality problems
Daniel Dennett: The Man and the Philosopher
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Vasilyev Vadim
Published: September 2024

The article is devoted to the personality and work of the American philosopher D.C. Dennett. The main stages of his life, his key works and ideas are consid­ered. The importance of his books “Content and Consciousness” as the basis for all his subsequent constructions and “Consciousness Explained” as Dennett’s main philosophical achievement is pointed out. Special attention is paid to the Dennett’s theories of intentionality and consciousness. It is shown that Dennett’s belief in the illusory nature of human consciousness was combined in a nontrivial way with his recognition of the reality of human free will. The author also discusses the evolution of his theory of consciousness and some probable causes of its transformations. It is shown that from a theorist of mind who worked on the verge of paradoxes and did not fear counterintuitive claims, Dennett shifted to posi­tions expressing the general sentiments of cognitive scientists. Dennett’s dislike of academic philosophy is also demonstrated and its causes and significance are discussed. Based on the author’s own observations and Dennett’s autobiographi­cal texts, an attempt is made to reconstruct the main features of his character and personality. The article argues that, despite his critical attitude towards academic philosophy, Dennett had a positive influence on it and that philosophers should not lose his legacy
Allusions to Classics of Chinese Philosophy in the Speeches of Xi Jinping: Functions, Features, Interpretations
Authors:   Institute of Oriental Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences, Rudenko Nikolai
Published: September 2024

The article is dedicated to the problem of detection and interpretation of allu­sions to the Chinese philosophical classics in the speeches of PRC President Xi Jinping. Despite the significant semantic richness and specific linguistic appear­ance of allusions, the official translations of the Chinese leader’s speeches into Russian are extremely inaccurate in both form and matter. The paper presents an analysis of allusions to the philosophical classics written in wenyan found in the speeches of Xi Jinping in the period from October 1, 2022 to October 1, 2023: it describes the methodology for identifying the objects of allusions, car­ries out its interpretation in the contemporary context, highlights the key features of this phenomenon, as well as the reasons for the use of such a specific tool in political discourse. As a result of the research, it was concluded that allusions are being used as a convenient form of expressing ideas both for Chinese and non-Chinese audiences, but with intention to make these ideas fully perceivable only by the first in order to avoid a negative reaction from the second. In addi­tion, the analysis of speeches shows higher frequency of references to the legalist treatise “Guanzi”, Tang emperor Li Shimin and the philosophical category “order­liness” (zhi) by Xi Jinping, as well as clear signs of weak hierarchical inclusivism (according to Stanislav Yu. Rykov) in the choice of the sources for allusions
Image Classification on Small Datasets using Query Attention Module
Authors: Jiang Chunyu , Li Renwei , Zhang Hanxiang
Published: September 2024

Vision Transformers (VTs) are increasingly popular in computer vision due to their robust global modeling. However, they do not have the same learning advantages as Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), which can be trained effectively with less data. This paper proposes a plug-and-play module, query attention. Without altering the backbone structure, it can be integrated with existing VTs and CNNs. Furthermore, to reduce the training cost of the VT backbone, we integrate query attention with a downsized backbone to construct a shrunk structure. We selected three classical VTs, ViT, Swin, and T2T-ViT, and tested them on four small datasets(CIFAR10, CIFAR100, Tiny-ImageNet, CINIC10). The results show that query attention can improve model performance, especially with the shrunk structure, where we can maintain competitive performance while reducing computational and memory complexity. For example, on the Tiny-ImageNet, after adding query attention to ViT, the classification accuracy increases by 5.77%. Additionally, based on the shrunk structure of the ViT, we achieved a 20% reduction in parameters and a 32.76% reduction in computation cost, while improving classification accuracy by 4.26%.
An education-based intervention investigating the accuracy of community-based optometrists evaluating limbal anterior chamber depth
Authors: Jindal Anish , Agnew Tess , Siriwardena Dilani , Nikita Eleni , Nolan Winifred
Published: September 2024

Introduction
In the UK, referrals for suspected primary angle closure (PAC) by community-based optometrists (CBO) to the hospital eye service show moderate accuracy. This study aimed to assess the inter-observer agreement of limbal anterior chamber depth (LACD) between CBOs and ophthalmologists and evaluate the impact of an education intervention.
Methods
Using a 7-point LACD grading scale, consultant ophthalmologists graded an LACD image dataset developed from 100 patients attending Moorfields Eye Hospital. Two sets of 84 images were utilised for two LACD online assessments. CBO were recruited and undertook assessments before and after a PAC education package (EP) between August 2023 and January 2024.
Results
Fifty-two optometrists completed the initial LACD assessment with a median of 19.0 (IQR 9.3–24.8) years post-registration experience. Using the 7-point LACD grading scale, mean weighted kappa (Kw) for pre-EP was moderate, 0.42 (95%CI, 0.36–0.48), increasing to 0.47 (0.42–0.53) post-EP. Conversion to the 4-point grading scale, Kw was substantial, pre-EP 0.61, (0.56–0.66) and post-EP Kw 0.64 (0.58–0.69). An LACD threshold (< 25%) sensitivity and specificity pre-EP was 86.0% (79.9%-91.3%) and 84.6 (82.3–86.9), respectively. Post-EP sensitivity decreased to 78.2% (74.1%-85.1%) (p = 0.049) but specificity increased to 90.4 (88.1–92.8) (p < 0.001).
Conclusion
The 4-point LACD grading scale would be more practical for a case-finding setting. An accessible EP improved agreement and specificity using the joint Royal College of Ophthalmologists/College of Optometrists PAC referral threshold. This EP may reduce false positive PAC referrals and could be rapidly disseminated to CBO. Further research is needed to assess real-world PAC referrals after an education intervention.
Research on the Coupling Coordination and Obstacles Analysis of Cultural-Tourism Economy and Ecological Environment in the Middle Reach of the Yellow River Basin, China
Authors: Zhao Yang , Lu Yueying , Zhan Qinchuan
Published: September 2024

The seamless integration and harmonized advancement of eco-environmental conservation and the cultural tourism sector not only represent an indispensable trend and vital avenue for fostering regional sustainability, but also stand as a pivotal strategic imperative for shaping the distinctive allure of the area and fostering economic prosperity. This study conducted a thorough analysis of the development trajectory of subsystems within four provinces situated in the Middle Reaches of the Yellow River region spanning the years 2010 to 2019. This analysis was facilitated through the establishment of a comprehensive evaluation index system assessing the ecology-culture-tourism (ECT) system coupled coordination degree (CCD). By employing the CCD model, we scrutinized the CCD level across the middle reaches of the Yellow River region, while employing the barrier degree model to examine its driving factors. Findings revealed pronounced spatial disparities in the developmental status of subsystems across the four provinces within the Middle Reaches of the Yellow River region, underscored by an uneven developmental landscape. Nevertheless, the overarching CCD level of the ECT system within this region exhibited a consistent upward trajectory over time, transitioning gradually from a state of pronounced disunity to varying degrees of coordination. Within the ECT system, the cultural industry and ecological indices emerged as exerting a more conspicuous influence compared to other factors, while tourism infrastructure emerged as a primary impediment. Considering these findings, this paper forwards pertinent policy recommendations aimed at bolstering the CCD development level within the ECT system across the Middle Reaches of the Yellow River region. These recommendations aspire to foster mutual development, prosperity, and advancement among all stakeholders, furnishing robust backing for the realization of sustainable green development initiatives within the region and advocating for the adoption of resource-efficient, environmentally conscious developmental models.
ITGB2 and ICAM3 predict increased survival of sepsis with decreased intercellular communication in Cytotoxic CD8+ T- cells
Authors: Lei Min , Zhang Yaping , Yu Yijin , Wang Gaojian , Hu Nianqiang , Xie Junran
Published: September 2024

Sepsis is closely linked to immunity. Our research aimed to identify key genes associated with sepsis immunity utilizing single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data. This study obtained the GSE167363 and GSE54514 datasets from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). The GSE167363 dataset was subjected to cluster analysis, cell proportion analysis, cell interaction analysis, and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of CD8 + T cells were correlated with the DEGs in the GSE54514 dataset, and key genes related to immunity in sepsis patients were identified through Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis. Finally, we validated the gene expression levels in a mouse model of sepsis caused by cecum ligation and puncture (CLP).Findings indicated that Intercellular communication of Cytotoxic CD8 + T cells was reduced in the sepsis survivors compared to non-survivors. The expression of 3 down-regulated key DEGs (ITGB2, SELL and ICAM3) was negatively correlated with the abundance of CD8 + T cells. Moreover, Cytotoxic CD8 + T cells with low expression of ITGB2, SELL and ICAM3 were more adverse to the survival of sepsis as compared to those with high expression of the above genes. These genes may predict increased survival in sepsis by regulating intercellular communication in cytotoxic CD8 + T cells, suggesting that they are potential therapeutic targets for improving sepsis prognosis.
Hexatungstate -supported functionalized graphene oxide efficient protocol for the synthesis of benzothiazoles
Authors: Boojani Sahar Zeinaly , Zarnegaryan Ali , Dehbanipour Zahra
Published: September 2024

A new amino-modified graphene oxide supported Lindqvist-type polyoxometalate([n-Bu4N]2[W6O19]) catalyst was prepared and identified by FT-IR, TGA, SEM, XRD, EDX, and Raman techniques. So, the new catalyst(W6O18@GO) performance of this recyclable catalyst was determined to promote the synthesis of benzothiazole derivatives at 60 °C under reaction conditions. heterogeneous catalyst of (W6O18@GO) is easily separated and successfully reused up at least 5 times with a slight loss of yield of the desired product.
Application of different MR sequence combinations in radiomics assessment of liver localized lesions
Authors: Wang Lianjin , Liang Wenbin , Wei Lihao , Cai Yufang
Published: September 2024

Objective To explore the possibility of using radiomics to differentiate hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) from focal nodular hyperplasia(FNH).
Materials and methods The MRI images of 196 patients diagnosed in Zhangzhou Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University from 2011 to 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. A variety of imaging sequences were used in the study, including T2WI, DWI and C sequence. Using these images, a variety of radiomics features were extracted and analyzed. Using these images, a variety of radiomics features were extracted and combined into T2WI/DWI combination, T2WI/C combination and DWI/C combination. The support vector machine (SVM) classifier was used to construct a radiomics model for differentiating HCC from FNH.
Results Radiomics models based on different MRI sequence combinations showed high accuracy in the diagnosis of HCC. Radiomics models based on different MRI sequence combinations showed high accuracy in the diagnosis of HCC and FNH. The model based on the combination of T2WI and magnetic resonance enhanced sequence (TC) had the best AUC value and the highest AUC value. The model based on the combination of T2WI and magnetic resonance enhanced sequence (TC) had the best AUC value and sensitivity. The model constructed by the combination of DWI and magnetic resonance enhanced sequence (DC) performed the best in terms of specificity and accuracy.
Conclusion The MRI sequence-based radiomics model provides a new auxiliary tool for the differential diagnosis of HCC and FNH, which is helpful to improve the accuracy of clinical imaging diagnosis and promote the individualized precise treatment of the disease.
Effect of K/Na on the alkali silica reaction of seawater and sea sand concrete
Authors: zhang qizhi , Gong Qingnan , Chen Rong , Wang Ming , Chen Ran , Weng Lincheng , Wang Dehui
Published: September 2024

In recent years, research into the properties of seawater and sea sand concrete (SWSSC) has emerged as a prominent area of investigation, and the alkali silica reaction (ASR) of SWSSC is an urgent issue to be solved. However, little attention has been paid to the effect of K/Na on the ASR of SWSSC. In order to fill this gap, the effects of different K/Na on ASR products, pore structure, pH and alkali ion content, and expansion of SWSSC were measured. The findings demonstrated that the composition of the amorphous product ASR-P1 (K0.52Ca1.16Si4O8(OH)2.84-1.5H2O) of SWSSC exhibited an inverse relationship with K/Na, whereas the crystalline product K-shlykovite (NaCaSi4O8(OH)3-2.3H2O) displayed a direct correlation with K/Na. The increase of K+ concentration leads to the decrease of silica dissolution, which is the main reason for the lowest ASR degree in the high K/Na group. The transformation of ASR-P1 to K-shlykovite also resulted in different main ASR products in different K/Na groups. The findings of this study provide a foundation for the theoretical application of SWSSC in the field of ocean engineering.
Quantifying Choroidal and Retinal Thicknesses Variations via Optical Coherence Tomography in Different Stages of Pediatric Keratoconus
Authors: mohammadi abbas , Masihpour Nasrin , Feghhi Mostafa , Bazaz Mahmoud Reza Panahi , Rad Afteh Mahdian , Kayedi Marzie
Published: September 2024

Purpose: Keratoconus (KCN) is characterized by corneal thinning and bulging, leading to vision impairment. Assessing choroidal thickness (CT) in pediatric KCN ( pKCN) patients can provide insights for better understanding and managing the disease. CT may serve as a potential indicator of disease activity in KCN patients. This study aims to evaluate CT in different stages of pKCN patients and compare the findings with an age-matched control group.
Methods and Patients: This cross-sectional study included patients under 18 years old who met specific criteria. CT was measured in all subjects using an optical coherence tomography device (Spectralis OCT, version 6.0, Heidelberg Engineering, Germany) with enhanced depth imaging mode, without pupil dilation. Mean CT and retinal thickness (RT) in pKCN was compared with healthy subjects and assessed among different disease grades using the ABCD grading method.
Results: The study included 125 eyes (66 patients) in the pKCN group and 22 control eyes (11 individuals). Grade 2 KCN showed the highest prevalence at 26.4% (N=33), while grades 3 and 1 had prevalence rates of 24% (N=30). CT in all specified areas (all P-values <0.001), as well as RT in the subfoveal area (P-value <0.001) and 1500 µm nasal to the fovea (P-value = 0.024), were significantly greater in the pKCN group compared to controls. Furthermore, CT and RT differed significantly among the pKCN grades (P-values <0.001).
Conclusion: CT was found to be elevated in pKCN patients, similar to adult KCN cases. CT could potentially serve as a clinical marker for disease activity in pKCN; however, further studies are needed.
Clustering of childhood acute leukemia in Finland: a nationwide register-based study
Authors: Ventelä Julia , Korja Mia , Auvinen Anssi , Lohi Olli , Nikkilä Atte
Published: September 2024

Purpose
Acute leukemia is the most common childhood malignancy, with suspected contributions from environmental factors and immune responses to common pathogens. A recent meta-analysis indicated possible spatiotemporal clustering, though the findings were hindered by data quality limitations. We investigated spatiotemporal clustering of childhood leukemia using advanced methods and complete residential histories.
Methods
We included patients aged 0–17 years diagnosed in 1990–2019, using data from the Finnish Cancer Registry. A 1:3 age- and sex-matched case-control design was employed and residential history data with exact coordinates was collected. Clustering was evaluated using the Cuzick-Edwards test, Knox test, Kulldorff's scan, and Jacquez's Q statistic.
Results
The dataset included 1,626 childhood leukemia cases (median age 5.0 years, 54% male). The Knox test revealed no evidence of clustering. However, the Cuzick-Edwards test revealed spatial clustering at diagnosis addresses for females (Observed/Expected [Obs/Exp] ratio 1.08, 95% CI 1.01–1.15) and for children under 1 year (Obs/Exp 1.35, 95% CI 1.15–1.57). Further analysis with Jacquez's Q using complete residential histories, identified significant spatiotemporal clustering in young children (ages 1.5–5.99 years) with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL, p = 0.037). We also tested for co-incidence between leukemia and type 1 diabetes but found no clustering.
Conclusion
Overall, we found limited evidence for clustering. In the subgroup analyses, significant spatiotemporal clustering in acute lymphoblastic leukemia cases among children aged 1.5–5.99 years was observed, coinciding with the peak incidence in early childhood. Previous research has shown that this age group has distinct genetic characteristics and may possess a unique etiology.
Comparison of Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy versus Chemoradiotherapy Plus Immunotherapy for Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma in a Real-World Multicenter Cohort: A Propensity Score Matching Study
Authors: shi Shuming , Li Li , Zhou Hao , Xu Fuhao , Liu Ning , Zhang Dexian , Xu Xiaohui , Sun Yawen , Yuan Shuanghu
Published: September 2024

Background:Chemoradiotherapy combined with immunotherapy (NICRT) is a new neoadjuvant treatment approach that has raised concerns regarding potential challenges in surgery and postoperative complications. This study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NCRT) and NICRT for the treatment of resectable locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC).
Methods:We retrospectively analyzed 295 patients with locally advanced ESCC who underwent neoadjuvant therapy and esophagectomy at three centers between January 2019 and September 2023 and added the data from PALACE-1 for the analysis,Among these patients, 252 and 61 patients received NCRT and NICRT, respectively. Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to balance the potential bias.
Results:After the PSM,the rate of a pathological complete response (pCR) in the NCRT group was not significantly different from that in the NICRT group (42.96% vs 36.36%, P=0.400). There were no significant differences in the tumor regression grade(TRG) and positive lymph node pCR rates between the two groups (P=0.257and P=0.330, respectively). Postoperative complications were not significantly different between the NCRT group and the NICRT group (40.14% vs 47.27% P=0.363).
Conclusion:Compared with NCRT, NICRT did not lead to the bettertreatment efficacy. There were no significant differences was observed in the incidence of postoperative complications.
A comprehensive first-principles study exploring the structural, electronic, optical, transport, and photovoltaic properties of Rb2LiGa (Br/I)6 utilizing DFT and SCAPS-1D simulations
Authors: Sk Mukaddar , Islam M. T. , Bainsla Gourav
Published: September 2024

Lead-free double perovskite halides are attracting substantial attention in optoelectronics due to their outstanding electronic, optical, and transport properties. These materials are not only stable and easy to synthesize but also present a wide range of potential applications. In this study, we explore the intriguing properties of Rb2LiGa(Br/I)6, emphasizing their structural, electronic, optical, transport, and photovoltaic characteristics. Our simulation results show that Rb2LiGaBr6 and Rb2LiGaI6 possess band gaps of 1.19 eV and 1.13 eV, respectively, highlighting their potential for various applications. Both compounds show remarkable optical performance, with high absorption coefficients and optical conductivity, along with low reflectivity across the UV-visible spectrum, making them excellent candidates for solar cell technologies. Furthermore, Rb2LiGa(Br/I)6 exhibit exceptional thermoelectric performance, with high figure-of-merit (ZT) values ranging from 200K to 800K, emphasizing their potential as efficient thermoelectric materials. Therefore, this study will provide guidelines for constructing efficient solar cells based on double perovskites. Motivated by the higher absorption coefficient and optical conductivity of Rb₂LiGa(Br/I)₆, we have modeled an Au/Cu₂O/Rb₂LiGa(Br/I)₆/TiO₂/FTO solar cell. We have observed that Au/Cu₂O/Rb₂LiGaI₆/TiO₂/FTO has higher efficiency than Au/Cu₂O/Rb₂LiGaBr₆/TiO₂/FTO. Additionally, the efficiency of Au/Cu₂O/Rb₂LiGaI₆/TiO₂/FTO is higher than that reported previously. Thus, this study provides guidelines for constructing efficient solar cells based on double perovskites.
Dynamic Parallel Traction's Impact on Femoral Neck Fracture Biomechanics: A 3D Finite Element Study
Authors: Li Jiarui , Wu Xiaolin , Xing Kunyue , Sun Li , Xue Linyuan , Xing Jiyao , Wang Wenzhuo , Xing# Dongming
Published: September 2024

Objective: This study aims to investigate the impact of dynamic parallel traction on the biomechanical characteristics of femoral neck fractures, with the goal of identifying a more effective traction method for the repair of such fractures.
Methods: We constructed a three-dimensional finite element model of the femoral neck based on CT images. Using linear regression analysis, we explored the optimal adjustment strategy for traction weight over time by analyzing the relationship between different traction weights and the maximum tolerable traction time. Additionally, we validated the stress characteristics under various traction angles and analyzed the interplay among traction weight, time, and angle.
Results: Among the relationships between traction weight, maximum tolerable traction time, and femoral neck stress values, the regression equation was F=175.9, R2=0.9513 (linear regression analysis), indicating that as traction time increased from 0s to 10s, the traction force decreased from 500N to 360N, while the stress value remained relatively stable. In terms of the relationship between traction angle and femoral neck stress values, the regression equation was F=123.2, R2=0.8864 (linear regression analysis), showing that the stress value rose from 5.592MPa under parallel traction to 18.944MPa at a 60-degree angle. When considering the combined effects of these factors on stress values, the regression equation was F=139.5, R2=0.9610 (linear regression analysis), demonstrating that dynamic parallel traction resulted in significantly lower stress values compared to other traction methods.
Conclusion: Dynamic parallel traction can effectively reduce the force experienced by patients, promoting healing and reducing complications. This finding holds significant implications for the development of related medical devices, offering valuable insights and benchmarks for future research and design.
Fundus Image Analysis of Retinitis Pigmentosa Using Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Ubukata Saki , Masayoshi Kanato , Katada Yusaku , Yang Lizhu , Ozawa Nobuhiro , Ibuki Mari , Negishi Kazuno , Kurihara Toshihide
Published: September 2024

Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is one group of inherited retinal diseases that are caused by genetic defects that lead to progressive photoreceptor loss and eventual blindness. Early diagnosis will helpful for a effective management of the disease, however, many patients remain unaware of eraly symptoms. Meanwhile, fundus images are widely taken for medical checkups, however, are underused in detecting RP. This study explores the potential of deep learning to identify RP from color fundus images. The dataset contained 200 color fundus images of Japanese RP patients and 121 color fundus images from non-RP subjects from Keio University Hospital. Using transfer learning, pretrained convolutional neural network models -VGG16, Resnet50, and InceptionV3- were finetuned to detect RP. As a result, Inception V3 achieved the best accuracy of 96.97%, which matches the average diagnostic accuracy of ophthalmologists. Using Gradient-weighted Class Activation Mapping (Grad-CAM), we identified peripheral pigmentation in the fundus images as a critical feature for diagnosis, aligning with the known progression patterns of RP. This confirms the robustness and validity of our model, highlighting the utility of deep learning in assisting ophthalmologists with RP screening.