bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Eastern Khoy metamorphic complex of NW Iran: a Jurassic ophiolite or continuation of the Sanandaj–Sirjan Zone?
Authors: Moghadam Hadi Shafaii , Corfu Fernando , Stern Robert J. , Lotfi Bakhsh Ali
Published: December 2018

The Khoy complex in NW Iran has been widely regarded to consist of both Jurassic and Cretaceous ophiolites, but whereas the western Late Cretaceous ophiolite is unequivocal the nature of the eastern Jurassic body has been unclear. Field observations show that the presumed eastern meta-ophiolite has no similarities to an ophiolite sequence. Here, we report geological and zircon–rutile–titanite U–Pb data for rocks from the presumed Jurassic ophiolite obtained to verify whether these are real ophiolitic units and to understand their relations either to the Late Cretaceous Zagros–Bitlis ophiolites in western Iran–southern Anatolia or to the Sevan–Akera (northern Armenia) and Izmir–Ankara (southern Pontides) complexes. The new U–Pb ages show that the ‘presumed’ ophiolite is in fact a collage of Ediacaran to Cambrian (
c.
606–517 Ma) and Jurassic (
c.
160 Ma) meta-igneous rocks, similar to ages obtained for igneous rocks of the Sanandaj–Sirjan Zone, which has been interpreted as a Jurassic continental rift. The Jurassic igneous rocks contain abundant Ediacaran, Ordovician–Silurian and Carboniferous–Permian inherited zircons, further suggesting involvement of pre-existing continental crust. Our results indicate that Jurassic continental rifting provided a lithospheric weakness along which a new subduction zone formed in Late Cretaceous times.
Growth hormone signaling and action in obese versus lean human subjects
Authors: Høgild Morten Lyng , Bak Ann Mosegaard , Pedersen Steen Bønløkke , Rungby Jørgen , Frystyk Jan , Møller Niels , Jessen Niels , Jørgensen Jens O. L.
Published: December 2018

Growth hormone (GH) levels are blunted in obesity, but it is not known whether this relates to altered GH sensitivity and whether this influences the metabolic adaptation to fasting. Therefore, we investigated the effect of obesity on GH signal transduction and fasting-induced changes in GH action. Nine obese (BMI 35.7 kg/m2) and nine lean (BMI 21.5 kg/m2) men were studied in a randomized crossover design with 1) an intravenous GH bolus, 2) an intravenous saline bolus, and 3) 72 h of fasting. Insulin sensitivity (hyperinsulinemic, euglycemic clamp) and substrate metabolism (glucose tracer and indirect calorimetry) were measured in studies 1 and 2. In vivo GH signaling was assessed in muscle and fat biopsies. GH pharmacokinetics did not differ between obese and lean subjects, but endogenous GH levels were reduced in obesity. GH signaling (STAT5b phosphorylation and CISH mRNA transcription), and GH action (induction of lipolysis and peripheral insulin resistance) were similar in the two groups, but a GH-induced insulin antagonistic effect on endogenous glucose production only occurred in the obese. Fasting-induced IGF-I reduction was completely abrogated in obese subjects despite a comparable relative increase in GH levels (ΔIGF-I: lean, −66 ± 10 vs. obese, 27 ± 16 µg/l; P < 0.01; ΔGH: lean, 647 ± 280 vs. obese, 544 ± 220%; P = 0.76]. We conclude that 1) GH signaling is normal in obesity, 2) in the obese state, the preservation of IGF-I with fasting and the augmented GH-induced central insulin resistance indicate increased hepatic GH sensitivity, 3) blunted GH levels in obesity may protect against insulin resistance without compromising IGF-I status.
Intact innervation is essential for diet-induced recruitment of brown adipose tissue
Authors: Fischer Alexander W. , Schlein Christian , Cannon Barbara , Heeren Joerg , Nedergaard Jan
Published: December 2018

The possibility that recruitment and activation of brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis could be beneficial for curtailing obesity development in humans prompts a need for a better understanding of the control of these processes [that are often referred to collectively as diet-induced thermogenesis (DIT)]. Dietary conditions are associated with large changes in blood-borne factors that could be responsible for BAT recruitment, but BAT is also innervated by the sympathetic nervous system. To examine the significance of the innervation for DIT recruitment, we surgically denervated the largest BAT depot, i.e., the interscapular BAT depot in mice and exposed the mice at thermoneutrality to a high-fat diet versus a chow diet. Denervation led to an alteration in feeding pattern but did not lead to enhanced obesity, but obesity was achieved with a lower food intake, as denervation increased metabolic efficiency. Conclusively, denervation totally abolished the diet-induced increase in total UCP1 protein levels observed in the intact mice, whereas basal UCP1 expression was not dependent on innervation. The denervation of interscapular BAT did not discernably hyper-recruit other BAT depots, and no UCP1 protein could be detected in the principally browning-competent inguinal white adipose tissue depot under any of the examined conditions. We conclude that intact innervation is essential for diet-induced thermogenesis and that circulating factors cannot by themselves initiate recruitment of brown adipose tissue under obesogenic conditions. Therefore, the processes that link food intake and energy storage to activation of the nervous system are those of significance for the further understanding of diet-induced thermogenesis.
[18F]FDG cardiac PET imaging in a canine model of radiation-induced cardiovascular disease associated with breast cancer radiotherapy
Authors: El-Sherif Omar , Xhaferllari Ilma , Sykes Jane , Butler John , deKemp Robert A. , Renaud Jennifer , Yin Hao , Wilk Ben , Sullivan Rebecca , Pickering J. Geoffrey , Battista Jerry , Wisenberg Gerald , Prato Frank S. , Gaede Stewart
Published: December 2018

Radiotherapy for the treatment of left-sided breast cancer increases the long-term risk of cardiovascular disease. The purpose of the present study was to noninvasively image the progression of radiation-induced cardiac inflammation in a large animal model using a hybrid PET and MRI system. Five canines were imaged using [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose PET to assess changes in myocardial inflammation. All animals were imaged at baseline, 1 wk, and 1, 3, 6, and 12 mo after focused cardiac external beam irradiation with image guidance. Radiation was delivered in a single fraction. The linear quadratic model was used to convert a typical multifractionated heart dose to a corrected single-fraction biologically equivalent dose. Immunohistochemistry was performed on excised left ventricular tissue samples from all five irradiated canines and one nonirradiated control canine to confirm the presence of inflammation. The mean doses delivered to the entire heart, left ventricle, left anterior descending artery, and left circumflex artery were 1.7 ± 0.2, 2.7 ± 0.2, 5.5 ± 0.9, and 1.1 ± 0.4 Gy, respectively. FDG standard uptake values remained persistently elevated compared with baseline (1.1 ± 0.03 vs. 2.6 ± 0.19, P < 0.05). The presence of myocardial inflammation was confirmed histologically and correlated with myocardial dose. This study suggests a global inflammatory response that is persistent up to 12 mo postirradiation. Inflammation PET imaging should be considered in future clinical studies to monitor the early changes in cardiac function that may play a role in the ultimate development of radiation-induced cardiac toxicity.

NEW & NOTEWORTHY Using advanced cardiac PET imaging, we have shown the spatial and quantitative relationship between radiation dose deposition and temporal changes in inflammation. We have shown that the progression of radiation-induced cardiac inflammation is immediate and does not subside for up to 1 yr after radiation. Results are presented in a large animal model that closely resembles the size and vessel architecture of humans. The proposed imaging protocol can be easily replicated for clinical use.
Possible mechanism of late systolic mitral valve prolapse: systolic superior shift of leaflets secondary to annular dilatation that causes papillary muscle traction
Authors: Hei Soshi , Iwataki Mai , Jang Jeong-Yoon , Kuwaki Hiroshi , Mahara Keitaro , Fukuda Shota , Kim Yun-Jeong , Nabeshima Yosuke , Onoue Takeshi , Nagata Yasufumi , Nishino Shun , Watanabe Nozomi , Takeuchi Masaaki , Nishimura Yosuke , Song Jae-Kwan , Levine Robert A. , Otsuji Yutaka
Published: December 2018

Progressive superior shift of the mitral valve (MV) during systole is associated with abnormal papillary muscle (PM) superior shift in late systolic MV prolapse (MVP). The causal relation of these superior shifts remains unclarified. We hypothesized that the MV superior shift is related to augmented MV superiorly pushing force by systolic left ventricular pressure due to MV annular dilatation, which can be corrected by surgical MV plasty, leading to postoperative disappearance of these superior shifts. In 35 controls, 28 patients with holosystolic MVP, and 28 patients with late systolic MVP, the MV coaptation depth from the MV annulus was measured at early and late systole by two-dimensional echocardiography. The PM tip superior shift was monitored by echocardiographic speckle tracking. MV superiorly pushing force was obtained as MV annular area × (systolic blood pressure − 10). Measurements were repeated after MV plasty in 14 patients with late systolic MVP. Compared with controls and patients with holosystolic MVP, MV and PM superior shifts and MV superiorly pushing force were greater in patients with late systolic MVP [1.3 (0.5) vs. 0.9 (0.6) vs. 3.9 (1.0) mm/m2, 1.3 (0.5) vs. 1.2 (1.0) vs. 3.3 (1.3) mm/m2, and 487 (90) vs. 606 (167) vs. 742 (177) mmHg·cm2·m−2, respectively, means (SD), P < 0.001]. MV superior shift was correlated with PM superior shift ( P < 0.001), which was further related to augmented MV superiorly pushing force ( P < 0.001). MV and PM superior shift disappeared after surgical MV plasty for late systolic MVP. These data suggest that MV annulus dilatation augmenting MV superiorly pushing force may promote secondary superior shift of the MV (equal to late systolic MVP) that causes subvalvular PM traction in patients with late systolic MVP.

NEW & NOTEWORTHY Late systolic mitral valve prolapse (MVP) is associated with mitral valve (MV) and papillary muscle (PM) abnormal superior shifts during systole, but the causal relation remains unclarified. MV and PM superior shifts were correlated with augmented MV superiorly pushing force by annular dilatation and disappeared after surgical MV plasty with annulus size and MV superiorly pushing force reduction. This suggests that MV annulus dilatation may promote secondary superior shifts of the MV (late systolic MVP) that cause subvalvular PM traction.
ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ВПЛИВУ ПАРАМЕТРІВ ПОДАВАННЯ ІМПУЛЬСНОЇ ВИСОКОЧАСТОТНОЇ НАПРУГИ НА ЗМІНУ ДІЕЛЕКТРИЧНОЇ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКИ БІОЛОГІЧНИХ ТКАНИН В МОДЕЛІ ЕЛЕКТРОЗВАРНОГО МІЖКІШКОВОГО АНАСТОМОЗУ
Authors: Podpriatov S. S. , Marinsky G. S. , Chernets O. V. , Tkachenko V. A. , Hrabovsky D. A. , Lopatkina K. G. , Vasylchenko V. A.
Published: December 2018

Вступ. Електрозварний спосіб створення міжкишкового анастомозу є новітнім і перспективним для втілення. Параметри оптимального радіочастотного впливу на тканини з метою їх з'єднання суттєво різняться поміж дослідницьких груп.Мета: дослідити вплив амплітуди напруги високої частоти залежно від способу її подавання в імпульсному режимі на зміну діелектричної властивості тканин стінки кишки в моделі електрозварного міжкишкового анастомозу.Матеріал і методи. Здійснили 120 проб постійного та зростаючого способів подавання на тканину органокомплексу свині радіочастотної електричної напруги імпульсами тривалістю 0,2 секунди після прикладення тиску від 2,0 Н/мм2 до 3,0 Н/мм2. Тканину складали вдвічі в прототипі інструменту, моделюючи міжкишковий анастомоз.Результати. При подаванні імпульсів 80 В у 82,5% спостережень імпеданс тканини різко знижувався на 70% впродовж першого імпульсу, під час другого — плавно ще на 50% і в подальшому, після коливання на початку імпульсу, стабільно перебував на низькому рівні. Надалі напруга була підвищена до 120 В, і в 92,5% досліджень рівень імпедансу так само різко знижувався впродовж першого імпульсу майже на 80%, але під час другого вже набував загалом стабільної форми. При лінійному підвищенні напруги в імпульсі з 80 В до 120 В досягали покращення електропровідності на другому імпульсі у 87,5% досліджень, де первинний провал імпедансу на початку імпульсу змінився експоненційним зростанням.Висновки. Подавання імпульсів високочастотної електричної напруги з амплітудою, яка перевищує критичний рівень для тканини, приводить до стабільного покращення електропровідності стінок кишки між електродами, як заведено, вже починаючи з другого імпульсу. Отримані дані є базою для встановлення параметрів алгоритму, спрямованого на гомогенізацію електричних характеристик в місці створення міжкишкового анастомозу.Обговорення. Виявлений за імпульсної подачі напруги ефект зниження імпедансу стінок кишки між електродами та подальше покращення електропровідності є способом забезпечення рівномірності та глибини структурних перетворень в тканині. Зростання імпедансу при зростаючій напрузі може свідчити або за електричну інерційність іонних систем, або за поглиблені перетворення в тканині. Використання імпульсної подачі напруги обмежуватиме нагрівання тканини в наслідок зниження вкладеної потужності.
МОДУЛЬНЕ ФУНКЦІОНУВАННЯ АРХІТЕКТУРИ ІНФОРМАЦІЙНОЇ МЕДИЧНОЇ СИСТЕМИ ОХОРОНИ ЗДОРОВ'Я УКРАЇНИ
Authors: Ilnytska L. V.
Published: December 2018

У статті розглядається перспективний напрям аналізу модульного функціонування інформаційної медичної системи. Прикладом формування базового шляху при визначенні внутрішніх механізмів упорядкування багаторівневої інформаційної структури є українська медична система «ЕМСІМЕД». Підхід до пошуку чіткого алгоритму модульного відтворення дозволяє обґрунтовано розкрити процес автоматизованої інтеграції на науково-технологічному рівні.
ДО 25-РІЧЧЯ ЗАСНУВАННЯ ФАКУЛЬТЕТУ ПІДВИЩЕННЯ КВАЛІФІКАЦІЇ ВИКЛАДАЧІВ НАЦІОНАЛЬНОЇ МЕДИЧНОЇ АКАДЕМІЇ ПІСЛЯДИПЛОМНОЇ ОСВІТИ ІМЕНІ П. Л. ШУПИКА
Authors: Mintser O. P. , Babintseva L. Yu.
Published: December 2018

Відомо, що освіта, як сфера людської діяльності, перш за все спрямована на здобуття нових знань. Беззаперечним є й той факт, що науковий підхід до всіх видів людської діяльності змушує освіту розвиватися швидшими темпами, ніж будь-яку іншу галузь діяльності, «...задовольняючи потреби суспільства та держави в технологічному розвитку шляхом взаємодії освіти та науки.» (Закон України «Про наукову і науково-технічну діяльність» від 26.11.2015 № 848-VIII).

Метою заснування першого в країні факультету підвищення кваліфікації викладачів (ПКВ), сталареалізація системного підходу до вдосконалення знань і підвищення кваліфікації науково-педагогічних працівників (НПП) системи післядипломної медичної освіти.
CD4
+
Regulatory T Lymphocytes Prevent Impaired Cerebral Blood Flow in Angiotensin II‐Induced Hypertension
Authors: Iulita M. Florencia , Duchemin Sonia , Vallerand Diane , Barhoumi Tlili , Alvarez Fernando , Istomine Roman , Laurent Cyril , Youwakim Jessica , Paradis Pierre , Arbour Nathalie , Piccirillo Ciriaco A. , Schiffrin Ernesto L. , Girouard Hélène
Published: December 2018

Background

Immune cells are key regulators of the vascular inflammatory response characteristic of hypertension. In hypertensive rodents, regulatory T lymphocytes (Treg,
CD
4
+
CD
25
+
) prevented vascular injury, cardiac damage, and endothelial dysfunction of mesenteric arteries. Whether Treg modulate the cerebrovascular damage induced by hypertension is unknown.

Methods and Results

C57
BL
/6 mice were perfused with angiotensin
II
(Ang
II
; 1000 ng/kg per minute) for 14 days and adoptive transfer of 3×10
5
CD
4
+
CD
25
+
T cells was performed via 2 intravenous injections. Control mice received a sham surgery and
PBS
. Treg prevented Ang
II
‐induced neurovascular uncoupling (
P
<0.05) and endothelial impairment (
P
<0.05), evaluated by laser Doppler flowmetry in the somatosensory cortex. The neuroprotective effect of Treg was abolished when they were isolated from mice deficient in interleukin‐10. Administration of interleukin‐10 (60 ng/d) to hypertensive mice prevented Ang
II
‐induced neurovascular uncoupling (
P
<0.05). Treg adoptive transfer also diminished systemic inflammation induced by Ang
II
(
P
<0.05), examined with a peripheral blood cytokine array. Mice receiving Ang II + Treg exhibited reduced numbers of Iba‐1+ cells in the brain cortex (
P
<0.05) and hippocampus (
P
<0.001) compared with mice infused only with Ang II. Treg prevented the increase in cerebral superoxide radicals. Overall, these effects did not appear to be directly modulated by Treg accumulating in the brain parenchyma, because only a nonsignificant number of Treg were detected in brain. Instead, Treg penetrated peripheral tissues such as the kidney, inguinal lymph nodes, and the spleen.

Conclusions

Treg prevent impaired cerebrovascular responses in Ang
II
‐induced hypertension. The neuroprotective effects of Treg involve the modulation of inflammation in the brain and periphery.
A Sequential Matching Framework for Multi-Turn Response Selection in Retrieval-Based Chatbots
Authors: Wu Yu , Wu Wei , Xing Chen , Xu Can , Li Zhoujun , Zhou Ming
Published: December 2018

We study the problem of response selection for multi-turn conversation in retrieval-based chatbots. The task involves matching a response candidate with a conversation context, the challenges for which include how to recognize important parts of the context, and how to model the relationships among utterances in the context. Existing matching methods may lose important information in contexts as we can interpret them with a unified framework in which contexts are transformed to fixed-length vectors without any interaction with responses before matching. This motivates us to propose a new matching framework that can sufficiently carry important information in contexts to matching and model relationships among utterances at the same time. The new framework, which we call a sequential matching framework (SMF), lets each utterance in a context interact with a response candidate at the first step and transforms the pair to a matching vector. The matching vectors are then accumulated following the order of the utterances in the context with a recurrent neural network (RNN) that models relationships among utterances. Context-response matching is then calculated with the hidden states of the RNN. Under SMF, we propose a sequential convolutional network and sequential attention network and conduct experiments on two public data sets to test their performance. Experiment results show that both models can significantly outperform state-of-the-art matching methods. We also show that the models are interpretable with visualizations that provide us insights on how they capture and leverage important information in contexts for matching.
First Passage Time Memory Lifetimes for Simple, Multistate Synapses: Beyond the Eigenvector Requirement
Authors: Elliott Terry
Published: December 2018

Models of associative memory with discrete-strength synapses are palimpsests, learning new memories by forgetting old ones. Memory lifetimes can be defined by the mean first passage time (MFPT) for a perceptron's activation to fall below firing threshold. By imposing the condition that the vector of possible strengths available to a synapse is a left eigenvector of the stochastic matrix governing transitions in strength, we previously derived results for MFPTs and first passage time (FPT) distributions in models with simple, multistate synapses. This condition permits jump moments to be computed via a 1-dimensional Fokker-Planck approach. Here, we study memory lifetimes in the absence of this condition. To do so, we must introduce additional variables, including the perceptron activation, that parameterize synaptic configurations, permitting Markovian dynamics in these variables to be formulated. FPT problems in these variables require solving multidimensional partial differential or integral equations. However, the FPT dynamics can be analytically well approximated by focusing on the slowest eigenmode in this higher-dimensional space. We may also obtain a much better approximation by restricting to the two dominant variables in this space, the restriction making numerical methods tractable. Analytical and numerical methods are in excellent agreement with simulation data, validating our methods. These methods prepare the ground for the study of FPT memory lifetimes with complex rather than simple, multistate synapses.
Dynamic Computational Model of the Human Spinal Cord Connectome
Authors: Arle Jeffrey E. , Iftimia Nicolae , Shils Jay L. , Mei Longzhi , Carlson Kristen W.
Published: December 2018

Connectomes abound, but few for the human spinal cord. Using anatomical data in the literature, we constructed a draft connectivity map of the human spinal cord connectome, providing a template for the many calibrations of specialized behavior to be overlaid on it and the basis for an initial computational model.

A thorough literature review gleaned cell types, connectivity, and connection strength indications. Where human data were not available, we selected species that have been studied. Cadaveric spinal cord measurements, cross-sectional histology images, and cytoarchitectural data regarding cell size and density served as the starting point for estimating numbers of neurons. Simulations were run using neural circuitry simulation software.

The model contains the neural circuitry in all ten Rexed laminae with intralaminar, interlaminar, and intersegmental connections, as well as ascending and descending brain connections and estimated neuron counts for various cell types in every lamina of all 31 segments. We noted the presence of highly interconnected complex networks exhibiting several orders of recurrence. The model was used to perform a detailed study of spinal cord stimulation for analgesia.

This model is a starting point for workers to develop and test hypotheses across an array of biomedical applications focused on the spinal cord. Each such model requires additional calibrations to constrain its output to verifiable predictions. Future work will include simulating additional segments and expanding the research uses of the model.
Systematics of the parasitoid wasp genus Aulacus Jurine (Hymenoptera: Evanioidea: Aulacidae) from Australia
Authors: JENNINGS JOHN T. , PARSLOW BEN A. , AUSTIN ANDREW D.
Published: December 2018

The Aulacidae is a small family of Hymenoptera that are parasitic on wood-boring beetles and wasps. They have a worldwide distribution but are generally poorly studied, particularly for the southern hemisphere. This study is part of a series that aims to describe the Australian fauna which is relatively species-rich compared with other regions. We describe 39 new Aulacus species from eastern mainland Australia and Tasmania: A. anici Jennings & Austin, sp. nov., A. aquilus Jennings & Austin, sp. nov., A. bamagensis Jennings & Austin, sp. nov., A. bashfordi Jennings & Austin, sp. nov., A. bicolor Jennings & Austin, sp. nov., A. boonanghiensis Jennings & Parslow, sp. nov., A. brabyi Jennings & Austin, sp. nov., A. broadi Jennings & Austin, sp. nov., A. burnsi Jennings & Austin, sp. nov., A. confusus Jennings & Parslow, sp. nov., A. dandenongensis Jennings & Austin, sp. nov., A. deansi Jennings & Austin, sp. nov., A. doddi Jennings & Austin, sp. nov., A. froggatti Jennings & Austin, sp. nov., A. glorious Jennings & Parslow, sp. nov., A. hackeri Jennings & Austin, sp. nov., A. insularis Jennings & Austin, sp. nov., A. jamberoo Jennings & Parslow, sp. nov., A. kittelae Jennings & Austin, sp. nov., A. kiwarrakensis Jennings & Austin, sp. nov., A. leai Jennings & Austin, sp. nov., A. mareebaensis Jennings & Austin, sp. nov., A. naumanni Jennings & Austin, sp. nov., A. nebo Jennings & Austin, sp. nov., A. neboissi Jennings & Austin, sp. nov., A. obcordellus Jennings & Parslow, sp. nov., A. pallidus Jennings & Austin, sp. nov., A. quickei Jennings & Austin, sp. nov., A. rieki Jennings & Austin, sp. nov., A. scitulus Jennings & Parslow, sp. nov., A. simsoni Jennings & Austin, sp. nov., A. smithi Jennings & Austin, sp. nov., A. tasmanicus Jennings & Austin, sp. nov., A. tiernyi Jennings & Austin, sp. nov., A. umbackae Jennings & Austin, sp. nov., A. walkeri Jennings & Parslow, sp. nov., A. warraensis Jennings & Austin, sp. nov., A. willamsi Jennings & Austin, sp. nov., and A. wrightae Jennings & Austin, sp. nov. We also redescribe 14 species: A. albimanus (Kieffer), A. aroueti (Girault), A. atriceps Kieffer, A. elegans (Kieffer), A. festivus (Kieffer), A. flavicornis (Kieffer), A. flavimanus (Kieffer), A. fuscicornis Cameron, A. longiventris (Kieffer), A. minutus Crosskey, A. pallidicaudis (Cameron), A. planiceps (Szépligeti), A. truncatus (Kieffer), and A. vespiformis (Kieffer). As well, A. nigriventris (Kieffer) is synonymised with A. albimanus (Kieffer) syn nov. This brings to 60 the total number of species known from Australia (71 for the Australian region), although one species, A. biroi (Szépligeti), remains incertae sedis. A key to Australian Aulacus species is presented, along with notes on taxonomic history and host relationships.
O sensie historii
Authors: Kohák Erazim , Mętrak Maciej
Published: December 2018

History and meaningIn the translated text – selected from the samizdat volume Pojetí českých dějin (The Concept of Czech History) published in January 1986 – the author defines his position in the ongoing dispute about the meaning of Czech history. In the first part, he analyses different definitions of “meaning” and their applicability to national identity and history. Kohák argues that although history never imposes only one way of looking at it, objective facts may exclude some ways of nterpretation. Looking at Czech national history, he concludes that we should consider the existence of contradictory, yet equally important elements as its defining factor. The second part of the study focuses on the life of Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk and his Czechoslovak idea. Kohák defines ideal Czechoslovakia not as a national state, but a “good state”, providing all of its inhabitants with equal rights and opportunities. He also points out the dissonance between Masaryk’s idea of a just and democratic state and the heavy reliance of interwar Czechoslovakia on Czech nationalism. O sensie historiiW przełożonym tekście, pochodzącym z samizdatowego tomu Pojetí českých dějin wydanego w styczniu 1986, autor włącza się w wieloletnią debatę o sensie czeskiej historii. W pierwszej części przygląda się różnym rozumieniom pojęcia „sens” i ich zastosowaniu w odniesieniu do tożsamości narodowej i historii. Kohák stwierdza, że historia nigdy nie narzuca jednej interpretacji, ale też obiektywne fakty wykluczają pewne sposoby jej odczytywania. Przenosząc tę refleksję na dzieje Czech, autor uznaje, że szczególną wartością czeskiego losu jest istnienie w nim sprzecznych, choć tak samo wartościowych tradycji razem tworzących całość czeskiej kultury. Powołując się na życie T. G. Masaryka, Kohák definiuje idealną Czechosłowację nie jako państwo narodowe, ale „dobre państwo” zapewniające równe szanse wszystkim swoim obywatelom. Zwraca również uwagę na leżący u podstaw państwowości czechosłowackiej rozziew między masarykowską ideą państwa sprawiedliwego i demokratycznego a jego faktycznym oparciem się na siłach czeskiego nacjonalizmu.
Meta-strukturalistyczna pułapka. Periodyzacja a strukturalizm Jana Mukařovskiego
Authors: Daszuta Aneta
Published: December 2018

A meta-structuralist trap: Periodisation and Jan Mukařovský’s structuralismThe aim of this article is to show some methodological traps connected with the common tendency for periodisation of phenomena or processes in research, basing on the example of secondary literature about Czech structuralism, especially Jan Mukařovský’s theory. The author describes the narratives shaped in these works and shows how their symbolic charge directs the way of thinking about the heritage of the Prague school and Jan Mukařovský, which may influence the interpretation of his literary and aesthetic theory. Meta-strukturalistyczna pułapka. Periodyzacja a strukturalizm Jana MukařovskiegoCelem artykułu jest ukazanie na przykładzie opracowań czeskiego strukturalizmu, zwłaszcza dorobku Jana Mukařovskiego, pułapek metodologicznych związanych z powszechną tendencją badawczą do periodyzacji zjawisk i procesów. Zrekonstruowane zostają kształtowane w tych opracowaniach narracje, których ładunek symboliczny ukierunkowuje – często nadmiernie – sposób myślenia o dziedzictwie szkoły praskiej oraz o Janie Mukařovskim, co może wpływać na interpretacje jego refleksji literaturoznawczej i estetycznej.
“Kaya” from Novella to Film
Authors: Kapetanović Amir
Published: December 2018

Kaya from Novella to FilmThis paper analyses the transformation of K. Quien's novella Kaya into a screenplay adaptation and a film of the same name by eminent Croatian director Vatroslav Mimica. The analysis points out both significant characteristics of the transformation of the text and the transformation of the portrayed Mediterranean urban area (a crime in Trogir), as well as the linguistic stylisation of the characters' Trogir dialect, which contributes to the atmosphere of the film. Discussion of this film has so far only unfolded on the basis of a comparison of Quien's novella and Mimica's film. This analysis thus contributes important information about the structural and narrative characteristics of the unpublished screenplay, which sheds more light on the paths towards the creation of this Croatian film,which is considered V. Mimica's best work and one of the best Croatian films. Kaya, od noweli do filmuW artykule analizowane jest przekształcenie noweli Kaya, zabiję cię K. Quiena w scenariusz adaptacji filmowej, a następnie w film pod tym samym tytułem, nakręcony przez wybitnego chorwackiego reżysera Vatroslava Mimicę. Analiza skupia się na dwóch kwestiach. Po pierwsze, dotyczy przekształcenia tekstu i obrazu przestrzeni śródziemnomorskiego miasteczka (Trogiru). Po drugie, omawiana jest stylizacja językowa, wykorzystanie cech dialektu trogirskiego, przyczyniające się do stworzenia atmosfery filmu. Dotychczasowa dyskusja o filmie jedynie powierzchownie dotykała związków z nowelą Quiena na poziomie porównawczym. Niniejszy artykuł przynosi ważne informacje o strukturalnych i narracyjnych cechach niepublikowanego dotąd scenariusza, co rzuca nowe światło na proces tworzenia filmu, uznawanego za najwybitniejsze dzieło Mimicy i jeden z najlepszych chorwackich filmów w ogóle. Kaya, od novele do filmaU ovom radu analizira se transformacija novele K. Quiena Kaja, ubit ću te preko scenarističke adaptacije u istoimeni film istaknutoga hrvatskoga redatelja Vatroslava Mimice. U analizi se ističu ne samo bitne značajke transformacije teksta nego i transformacija predočene mediteranske urbane sredine (zločin u Trogiru) te jezična stilizacija trogirskoga govora likova, koji doprinosi ambijentalnom ugođaju filma. Do sada se o filmu raspravljalo samo na temelju usporedbe Quienove novele i Mimičina filmskoga ostvarenja, pa ova analiza donosi neke važne podatke o strukturnim i narativnim značajkama neobjavljenoga scenarija, čime se jače osvjetljavaju putovi kreacije toga hrvatskoga filma, koji se smatra najboljim redateljskim ostvarenjem V. Mimice i jednim od najboljih hrvatskih filmova.
Blaže Koneski Award, 2018
Authors: Editors .
Published: December 2018

Information about the Blaže Koneski Award of the Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, which was awarded this year to the editor-in-chief of Colloquia Humanistica, prof. Jolanta Sujecka. Informacja o uhonorowaniu prof. Jolanty Sujeckiej, Redaktor Naczelnej „Colloquia Humanistica”, Nagrodą im. Blaže Koneskiego przyznawaną przez Macedońską Akademię Nauk i Sztuk.
Towards a unified, socio-cognitive approach to language-mediated intercultural competence
Authors: Strugielska Ariadna , Piątkowska Katarzyna
Published: December 2018

Towards a unified, socio-cognitive approach to language-mediated intercultural competenceVery few intercultural competence (IC) models include language, and those that do so portray the notion in an inconsonant manner. Nonetheless, research shows that language assures successful intercultural communication. Thus, this article stresses the need for a unified socio-cognitive approach which will introduce common and solid foundations for the role and nature of both language and IC. The article demonstrates that such an integrated framework, built on a reappraised notion of language, helps to overcome numerous dichotomies within IC models and leads to the emergence of a unified approach to language-mediated IC. W kierunku ujednoliconego, socjo-kognitywnego podejścia do kompetencji interkulturowej opartego na językuNieliczne modele kompetencji interkulturowej (ang. IC) uwzględniają język, a te, które to robią, przedstawiają to pojęcie w niekonsekwentny sposób. Jednak badania pokazują, że język jest gwarantem efektywnej komunikacji interkulturowej. Niniejszy artykuł podkreśla potrzebę ujednoliconego podejścia socjo-kognitywnego, które oparte jest na wspólnych podstawach łączących rolę i naturę zarówno języka, jak i kompetencji interkulturowej. W artykule wykazujemy, że takie zintegrowane podejście, zbudowane na przeformułowanej koncepcji języka, pomaga przezwyciężyć liczne dychotomie w modelach kompetencji interkulturowej i prowadzi do powstania jednolitego podejścia do kompetencji interkulturowej opartej na języku.
"The coral of your lips, the stars of your eyes" – the function of the genitive case in a particular kind of genitive metaphor compared to other semantic functions of this case (based on examples in the Polish language)
Authors: Szymańska Monika
Published: December 2018

The coral of your lips, the stars of your eyes – the function of the genitive case in a particular kind of genitive metaphor compared to other semantic functions of this case (based on examples in the Polish language)This paper attempts to explicate the meanings of expressions representing a specific type of genitive metaphor – binding two notions by the rule of conventional, surface sameness. This article aims to prove that the genitive function that appears in this kind of expression is part of a general pattern modelling the semantic roles of this case. This pattern presents the genitive as a lingual indicator of the relation between a "smaller range" object and a "larger range" object and explains the essence of the semantic function appearing not only in this particular type of genitive metaphor, but also in structures such as genetivus definitivus. Ust korale, gwiazdy oczu– rola dopełniacza w szczególnym typie metafory dopełniaczowej na tle innych ról semantycznych tego przypadka (na przykładach w języku polskim)Artykył prezentuje próbę eksplikacji znaczeń wyrażeń reprezentujących pewien szczególny typ metafory dopełniaczowej – wiążącej dwa pojęcia na zasadzie umownej, pozornej, tożsamości. Próba ta ma na celu udowodnienie, że rola dopełniacza, która ujawnia się w opisywanym typie wyrażeń, wpisuje się w ogólny schemat modelujący role semantyczne tego przypadka. Schemat ten ujmuje dopełniacz jako językowy wykładnik stosunku obiektu o „mniejszym zakresie” do obiektu mającego „większy zakres” i pozwala wyjaśnić istotę roli semantycznej uwidoczniającej się nie tylko w szczególnym typie metafory dopełniaczowej, ale także w konstrukcjach takich, jak genetivus definitivus.
"All my sour-sweet days I will lament and love" – a comparative analysis of metaphors with the basic taste adjectives in Polish and English
Authors: Zawisławska Magdalena Anna , Falkowska Marta Helena
Published: December 2018

All my sour-sweet days I will lament and love – a comparative analysis of metaphors with the basic taste adjectives in Polish and EnglishThis paper provides a comparative analysis of verbal synesthetic metaphors with the basic taste adjectives in Polish and English: słodki/sweet, gorzki/bitter, kwaśny/sour, słony/salty. Since taste seems to be an ideal candidate for a universal, biologically determined source of metaphors, the authors seek to verify the hypothesis of metaphor embodiment. The corpus-based analysis of nominal phrases with basic Polish and English taste adjectives indicates that cultural influences on the metaphorical mapping, as well as the importance of the target conceptual domains, must be taken into account. All my sour-swet days I will lament and love – kontrastywna analiza metafor z przymiotnikami oznaczającymi podstawowe smaki w języku polskim i angielskimW artykule analizowane są metafory synestezyjne z przymiotnikami określającymi podstawowe smaki w języku polskim i angielskim: słodki/sweet, gorzki/bitter, kwaśny/sour, słony/salty. Percepcja smakowa, uwarunkowana biologicznie, wydaje się dobrym przykładem uniwersalnej domeny źródłowej w procesie metaforyzacji. Celem pracy jest weryfikacja kognitywnej teorii o metaforze ucieleśnionej oraz sprawdzenie, w jakim stopniu na proces metaforyzacji wpływają czynniki kulturowe.
Satellites See the World’s Atmosphere
Authors: Ackerman S. A. , Platnick S. , Bhartia P. K. , Duncan B. , L’Ecuyer T. , Heidinger A. , Skofronick-Jackson G. , Loeb N. , Schmit T. , Smith N.
Published: December 2018

Satellite meteorology is a relatively new branch of the atmospheric sciences. The field emerged in the late 1950s during the Cold War and built on the advances in rocketry after World War II. In less than 70 years, satellite observations have transformed the way scientists observe and study Earth. This paper discusses some of the key advances in our understanding of the energy and water cycles, weather forecasting, and atmospheric composition enabled by satellite observations. While progress truly has been an international achievement, in accord with a monograph observing the centennial of the American Meteorological Society, as well as limited space, the emphasis of this chapter is on the U.S. satellite effort.
Arterial thromboembolic events preceding the diagnosis of cancer in older persons
Authors: Navi Babak B. , Reiner Anne S. , Kamel Hooman , Iadecola Costantino , Okin Peter M. , Tagawa Scott T. , Panageas Katherine S. , DeAngelis Lisa M.
Published: December 2018

Cancer patients face an increased risk of arterial thromboembolism; however, it is uncertain when this excess risk begins. This study evaluated the risk of arterial thromboembolism before cancer diagnosis. Using the population-based Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results-Medicare linked dataset, we identified 374 331 patients ≥67 years of age with a new primary diagnosis of breast, lung, prostate, colorectal, bladder, uterine, pancreatic, gastric cancer, or non-Hodgkin lymphoma from 2005 through 2013. Cancer patients were individually matched by demographics and comorbidities to Medicare beneficiaries without cancer, who served as controls. Validated diagnosis codes were used to identify arterial thromboembolic events, defined as a composite of myocardial infarction or ischemic stroke. The Mantel-Haenszel estimator was used to compare risks of arterial thromboembolic events between cancer and noncancer groups during 30-day periods in the 360 days before date of cancer diagnosis. From 360 to 151 days before cancer diagnosis, the 30-day interval risks of arterial thromboembolic events were similar between cancer patients and matched controls. From 150 to 1 day before cancer diagnosis, the interval 30-day risks of arterial thromboembolic events were higher in cancer patients vs matched controls, progressively increasing as the cancer diagnosis date approached and peaking during the 30 days immediately before cancer diagnosis, when 2313 (0.62%) cancer patients were diagnosed with an arterial thromboembolic event vs 413 (0.11%) controls (odds ratio, 5.63; 95% confidence interval, 5.07-6.25). In conclusion, the risk of arterial thromboembolic events begins to increase 150 days before the date of cancer diagnosis in older persons and peaks in the 30 days before.
Long-term mental health and social support in victims of disaster: comparison with a general population sample
Authors: Thoresen Siri , Birkeland Marianne Skogbrott , Arnberg Filip K. , Wentzel-Larsen Tore , Blix Ines
Published: December 2018

Background

Trauma and traumatic bereavement have well-known consequences for mental health, but little is known about long-term adjustment, particularly with respect to health-protective factors.

Aims

To assess the levels of anxiety/depression and perceived social support among the survivors and the bereaved 26 years after the Scandinavian Star ferry disaster compared with expected levels from the general population.

Method

Anxiety/depression and social support were assessed in face-to-face interviews with the survivors and the bereaved (N= 165, response rate 58%). Expected scores were calculated for each participant based on the means and proportions for each age and gender combination from a general population sample. We computed the ratio between expected and observed scores, standardised mean differences with 95% confidence intervals and standardised effect sizes.

Results

We found an elevated level of anxiety/depression symptoms in the victims (Mdiff= 0.28, 95% CI 0.18, 0.38; effect size 0.43, 95% CI 0.31, 0.55) and a significant excess of individuals with a clinically significant level of symptoms. The observed level of perceived social support was significantly lower than that expected (Mdiff= −0.57, 95% CI −0.70, −0.44; effect size −0.73, 95% CI −0.89, −0.57). This was the case for both survivors and those who were bereaved and for both men and women.

Conclusions

This study reveals that disaster survivors and the bereaved reported elevated levels of anxiety and depression symptoms 26 years after the event. They also reported a markedly reduced level of social support. Traumas and post-traumatic responses may thus cause lasting harm to interpersonal relationships.

Declaration of interest

None.
Theoretical Study on the Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Cycloadditions of 2H-Azirines with Alkynes: Implication of Carbenoid Intermediates
Authors: Yamamoto Yoshihiko
Published: December 2018

The ruthenium-catalyzed cycloadditions of 2,3-diphenyl-2H-azirine with dipropargyl ether or methyl 2-butynoate were investigated by performing density functional theory (DFT) calculations, and plausible mechanisms were proposed for each reaction. As the initial step, the oxidative coupling of dipropargyl ether and the oxidative addition of the 2H-azirine were first examined in order to explain the experimentally observed [3+2+2] vs. [3+2] selectivity. Subsequently, each step including the [3+2+2] and [3+2] cycloadditions was examined to determine the feasibility of these catalytic reactions. Moreover, the related gold-catalyzed [3+2] cycloaddition of an ynamide with 3-phenyl-2H-azirine was also evaluated using DFT calculations for comparison with the ruthenium-catalyzed [3+2] cycloaddition.
Deepening the Understanding of Thiolate-Protected Metal Clusters Using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography
Authors: Niihori Yoshiki , Yoshida Kana , Hossain Sakiat , Kurashige Wataru , Negishi Yuichi
Published: December 2018

Thiolate (SR)-protected metal clusters have been extensively studied by using various structural analysis methods since the start of research into these clusters. We have also studied these clusters based on common analysis methods used by many other research groups. However, we also have actively worked towards efficient application of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to study these clusters. Consequently, we have achieved high-resolution separations of several SR-protected gold and alloy clusters. By realizing such high-resolution separations, we have achieved a deeper understanding of a number of issues, including: 1) the transition size from bulk to non-bulk behavior in dodecanethiolate-protected gold clusters; 2) heteroatom substitution effects on the electronic structures and the dependence of isomer distributions on experimental conditions in hydrophobic SR-protected alloy clusters; 3) the mechanism of ligand-exchange reactions in hydrophobic metal clusters; and 4) the chemical composition of products in hydrophilic metal clusters. These results have clearly demonstrated that HPLC separation and analysis are extremely effective in helping to understand the fundamental properties of SR-protected metal clusters.
A Contribution to Byzantine prosopography 2. The Tzirithon family
Authors: CHARALAMPAKIS Pantelis
Published: December 2018

Παρουσίαση της βυζαντινής οικογένειας των Τζιριθώνων, μέσα από φιλολογικές πηγές, κρατικά και νομικά έγγραφα, καθώς και μολυβδόβουλλα. Συνολικά περιλαμβάνονται 16 πρόσωπα φέροντα το οικογενειακό όνομα Τζιρίθων, καθώς και δύο ακόμα με το βαπτιστικό Τζιριθία, που, πιθανότατα, συνδέεται με το υπό εξέταση οικογενειακό. Από τα 38 μολυβδόβουλλα που συγκεντρώθηκαν, τα 18 προέρχονται από βουλλωτήρια ενός προσώπου.Το όνομα Τζιρίθων, πιθανότατα, ετυμολογείται από κάποια τουρκική γλώσσα, αν και σύμφωνα με τη βιβλιογραφία, η οικογένεια είναι αρμενικής προέλευσης. Η παλαιότερη μαρτυρία για άτομο φέρον το όνομα Τζιρίθων χρονολογείται στα τέλη του 9ου ή τις αρχές του 10ου, ενώ η τελευταία γύρω στα μέσα του 13ου. Το όνομα Τζιριθία, ωστόσο, χρονολογείται στις αρχές του 15ου αι. Προς το παρόν, όλα τα στοιχεία δείχνουν πως η οικογένεια Τζιρίθων δεν στράφηκε καθόλου προς τον στρατιωτικό τομέα και όλα τα μέλη της σχετίζονταν με την πολιτική διοίκηση. Επιπλέον, κατόρθωσαν να διατηρηθούν στο προσκήνιο για περίπου δυο αιώνες.Αναμφίβολα, η οικογένεια των Τζιριθώνων, αν και ελάχιστα γνωστή, ανήκε στην αφρόκρεμα της βυζαντινής αριστοκρατίας, και είχε πρόσβαση σε υψηλά αξιώματα της πολιτικής διοίκησης.
Imagining the Communities of Others:The Case of the Seljuk Turks
Authors: JOVANOVIC Aleksandar
Published: December 2018

no abstract available in English
Το διδασκαλείον του Νικηφόρου Γρηγορά
Authors: ΣΚΛΑΒΕΝΙΤΗ Αννα Σ.
Published: December 2018

This paper focuses on the foundation and function of a school-“didaskaleion” by Nikephoros Gregoras in the first half of the 14th century (ca. 1325- 1350). Information about this school is provided by Gregoras himself in his Letters, as well as in his History (“Ρωμαϊκὴ Ἱστορία”), whereas secondary data can be traced in his most prominent student’s writings, Isaak Argyros. This institution was located at the Chora Monastery, and, according to Gregoras’ words, its basic aim was to prevent the extinction of learning and to transmit all the knowledge related to “tetraktys”, and especially to astronomy. Besides the inquiry into information about the curriculum and the students of this school, the present study examines thoroughly Gregoras’ pedagogic principles and emphasizes on his rather modern aspect concerning the way he relates child development with education.
Βασίλειος Λώλης Νέες μορφές εργασίας και το κοινωνικό κύρος των εργαζομένων: Η περίπτωση της ΔΕΗ, Εκδόσεις Παπαζήση, Αθήνα 2015
Authors: Ξυπολυτάς Νίκος
Published: December 2018

no abstract
The Characteristics of Culture and Religions in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam: Processes of Acculturation, Transformation and Accumulation
Authors: Chung Truong Van
Published: December 2018

Ho Chi Minh City is a city which has received and accumulated many cultures and religions from around the world, from Oriental culture to Western civilization, from West Asian and East Asian cultures to South Asian and Southeast Asian cultures. The cultures of some African and Latin American countries have also arrived recently. Most world religions, regional religions, national religions and even new religions are present in the city. The characteristic of religions and cultural identities of Ho Chi Minh City is in the process of transformation, receipt and selection of the cultural and religion elements of those cultures. Based on the research results of a scientific research on the topic, “Cultural and religion life in Ho Chi Minh City in the era of international integration”, we would like to share some opinions about the characteristics of culture and religions in the process of cultural exchange, acculturation and accumulation of Ho Chi Minh City from traditional to modern stage.