bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Measurement report: Seasonal, distribution and sources of organophosphate esters in PM2.5 from an inland urban city in southwest China
Authors: Yin Hongling , Liang Jiangfeng , Wu Di , Li Shiping , Luo Yi , Deng Xu
Published: May 2020

Abstract. Organophosphate esters (OPEs) are emerging contaminants in recent years and studies concluded that urban centers were a significant source of OPEs. Samples were collected from six ground-based sites located in Chengdu, a typical fast developing metropolitan of southwest China and were analyzed for seven OPEs in atmospheric PM2.5. The concentrations of Σ7OPEs in PM2.5 ranged from 5.83 to 6.91 ng m−3, with a mean of 6.6 ± 3.3 ng m−3, and the primary pollutants were TBEP, TnBP, TCEP and TCPP which made up more than 80 % in the Σ7OPEs. The concentrations of Σ7OPEs were higher in autumn/winter than that in summer. Nonparametric test showed that there was no significant difference in Σ7OPEs concentrations among the six sampling sites, but the occurence of unexpected high level of individual OPEs at different sites in autumn might indicate that there was a noteworthy emission. Very strong correlation (R2 = 0.98, p
Assessment of NO2 observations during DISCOVER-AQ and KORUS-AQ field campaigns
Authors: Choi Sungyeon , Lamsal Lok N. , Follette-Cook Melanie , Joiner Joanna , Krotkov Nickolay A. , Swartz William H. , Pickering Kenneth E. , Loughner Christopher P. , Appel Wyat , Pfister Gabriele , Saide Pablo E. , Cohen Ronald C. , Weinheimer Andrew J. , Herman Jay R.
Published: May 2020

Abstract. NASA's Deriving Information on Surface Conditions from Column and Vertically Resolved Observations Relevant to Air Quality (DISCOVER-AQ, conducted in 2011–2014) campaign in the United States and the joint NASA and National Institute of Environmental Research (NIER) Korea–United States Air Quality Study (KORUS-AQ, conducted in 2016) in South Korea were two field study programs that provided comprehensive, integrated datasets of airborne and surface observations of atmospheric constituents, including nitrogen dioxide (NO2), with the goal of improving the interpretation of spaceborne remote sensing data. Various types of NO2 measurements were made, including in situ concentrations and column amounts of NO2 using ground- and aircraft-based instruments, while NO2 column amounts were being derived from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) on the Aura satellite. This study takes advantage of these unique datasets by first evaluating in situ data taken from two different instruments on the same aircraft platform, comparing coincidently sampled profile-integrated columns from aircraft spirals with remotely sensed column observations from ground-based Pandora spectrometers, intercomparing column observations from the ground (Pandora), aircraft (in situ vertical spirals), and space (OMI), and evaluating NO2 simulations from coarse Global Modeling Initiative (GMI) and high-resolution regional models. We then use these data to interpret observed discrepancies due to differences in sampling and deficiencies in the data reduction process. Finally, we assess satellite retrieval sensitivity to observed and modeled a priori NO2 profiles. Contemporaneous measurements from two aircraft instruments that likely sample similar air masses generally agree very well but are also found to differ in integrated columns by up to 31.9 %. These show even larger differences with Pandora, reaching up to 53.9 %, potentially due to a combination of strong gradients in NO2 fields that could be missed by aircraft spirals and errors in the Pandora retrievals. OMI NO2 values are about a factor of 2 lower in these highly polluted environments due in part to inaccurate retrieval assumptions (e.g., a priori profiles) but mostly to OMI's
large footprint (>312 km2).
A technical description of the Balloon Lidar Experiment BOLIDE
Authors: Kaifler Bernd , Rempel Dimitry , Roßi Philipp , Büdenbender Christian , Kaifler Natalie , Baturkin Volodymyr
Published: May 2020

Abstract. The Balloon Lidar Experiment (BOLIDE) was the first high-power lidar flown and operated successfully onboard a balloon platform. As part of the PMC Turbo payload, the instrument acquired high resolution backscatter profiles of Polar Mesospheric Clouds (PMCs) from an altitude of ∼38 km during its maiden ∼6 day flight from Esrange, Sweden, to Northern Canada in July 2018. We describe the BOLIDE instrument and its development and report on the predicted and actual in-flight performance. Although the instrument suffered from excessively high background noise, we were able to detect PMCs with a volume backscatter coefficient as low as 0.6 × 10−10 m−1 sr−1 at a vertical resolution of 100 m and a time resolution of 30 s.
Cyanobacteria Blooms in the Baltic Sea: A Review of Models and
Facts
Authors: Munkes Britta , Löptien Ulrike , Dietze Heiner
Published: May 2020

Abstract. The ecosystem of the Baltic Sea is endangered by eutrophication. This has triggered expensive international management efforts. Some of these efforts are impeded by natural processes such as nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria blooms that add bioavailable nitrogen to the already over-fertilised system and thereby enhance primary production, export of organic matter to depth and associated oxygen consumption. Controls of cyanobacteria blooms are not comprehensively understood and this adds to the uncertainty 5 of model-based projections into the warming future of the Baltic Sea. Here we review our current understanding of cyanobacteria bloom dynamics. We summarise published field studies, laboratory experiments and dissect the basic principles ingrained in state-of-the-art coupled ocean-circulation biogeochemical models.
Carbon isotopes and Pa∕Th response to forced circulation changes: a model perspective
Authors: Missiaen Lise , Bouttes Nathaelle , Roche Didier M. , Dutay Jean-Claude , Quiquet Aurélien , Waelbroeck Claire , Pichat Sylvain , Peterschmitt Jean-Yves
Published: May 2020

Abstract. Understanding the ocean circulation changes associated
with abrupt climate events is key to better assessing climate variability and
understanding its different natural modes. Sedimentary Pa∕Th, benthic δ13C and Δ14C are common proxies used to reconstruct past
circulation flow rate and ventilation. To overcome the limitations of each
proxy taken separately, a better approach is to produce multiproxy
measurements on a single sediment core. Yet, different proxies can provide
conflicting information about past ocean circulation. Thus, modelling them
in a consistent physical framework has become necessary to assess the
geographical pattern and the timing and sequence of the multiproxy response to
abrupt circulation changes. We have implemented a representation of the 231Pa and 230Th
tracers into the model of intermediate complexity iLOVECLIM, which already
included δ13C and Δ14C. We have further evaluated
the response of these three ocean circulation proxies to a classical abrupt
circulation reduction obtained by freshwater addition in the Nordic Seas
under preindustrial boundary conditions. The proxy response is shown to
cluster in modes that resemble the modern Atlantic water masses. The
clearest and most coherent response is obtained in the deep
(> 2000 m) northwest Atlantic, where δ13C and Δ14C
significantly decrease, while Pa∕Th increases. This is consistent with
observational data across millennial-scale events of the last glacial.
Interestingly, while in marine records, except in rare instances, the phase
relationship between these proxies remains unclear due to large dating
uncertainties, in the model the bottom water carbon isotope (δ13C and Δ14C) response lags behind the sedimentary Pa∕Th
response by a few hundred years.
Impacts of the North Atlantic Oscillation on Winter Precipitations and Storm Track Variability in Southeast Canada and Northeast US
Authors: Chartrand Julien , Pausata Francesco Salvatore Rocco
Published: May 2020

Abstract. The North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) affects atmospheric variability from eastern North America to Europe. Although the link between the NAO and winter precipitations in the eastern North America have been the focus of previous work, only few studies have hitherto provided clear physical explanations on these relationships. In this study we revisit and extend the analysis of the effect of the NAO on winter precipitations over a large domain covering southeast Canada and the northeastern United States. Furthermore, here we use the recent ERA5 reanalysis dataset (1979–2018), which currently has the highest available horizontal resolution for a global reanalysis (0.25°), to track extratropical cyclones to delve into the physical processes behind the relationship between NAO and precipitation, snowfall, snowfall-to-precipitation ratio (S/P), and snow cover depth anomalies in the region. In particular, our results show that positive NAO phases are associated with less snowfall over a wide region covering Nova Scotia, New England and the Mid-Atlantic of the United States relative to negative NAO phases. Henceforth, a significant negative correlation is also seen between S/P and the NAO over this region. This is due to a decrease (increase) in cyclogenesis of coastal storms near the United States east coast during positive (negative) NAO phases, as well as a northward (southward) displacement of the mean storm track over North America.
Los idiomas mayas: los hilos que articulan la identidad y la vida de los pueblos originarios.
Authors: Aguilón Crisóstomo Mario Roberto
Published: May 2020

El idioma, además de las funciones comunicativas que cumple, es también marcador de identidad cultural y lucha política de los pueblos; es el puente por medio del cual se transmite la cultura, la cosmovisión y el acervo cognitivo de un pueblo. En Guatemala, al igual que en los demás países de América, los idiomas indígenas han sido exterminados, desplazados o invisibilizados, primero por la colonia y luego por políticas de exterminio lingüístico de los Estados “nacionales”. Es reciente la inclusión de políticas estatales para la recuperación, estudio y promoción de los idiomas de los pueblos originarios. La revitalización de los idiomas indígenas depende principalmente de los mismos miembros de los pueblos indígenas, pero también de los Estados, por medio de políticas lingüísticas favorables, especialmente para el establecimiento de su rango oficial y crear las condiciones para su uso en todos los ámbitos de la vida, también, es importante la planificación del cuerpo lingüístico y la forma de aprendizaje de los mismos desde la casa y los centros educativos en todos los niveles.
Ideología y afrodescendencia en la República Dominicana
Authors: Andújar Persinal Carlos
Published: May 2020

Este articulo muestra el proceso por el cual la negritud y las poblaciones negras en República Dominicana ha tenido que ser relegada por la clase hegemónica y colonial dominante, a pesar de su evidente porcentaje y aporte a la sociedad Dominicana: los procesos de mestizaje y la construcción del ideario de nación han invisibilidad la negritud y construido su discurso sobre otros identificadores, estableciendo de esta manera, no solo barreras económicas para el desarrollo de las poblaciones negras, sino también exclusión social e histórica.
Posterior Labral Injury and Glenohumeral Instability in Overhead Athletes: Current Concepts for Diagnosis and Management
Authors: Sheean Andrew J. , Kibler W. Benjamin , Conway John , Bradley James P.
Published: May 2020

Posterior glenohumeral instability in overhead athletes presents a unique set of challenges for both diagnosis and treatment. Although a great deal of attention has been focused on the management of injuries to the biceps-labrum complex and rotator cuff in throwers, comparatively less has been written about posterior glenohumeral instability within this unique cohort. Historically, posterior instability has been observed secondary to either acute trauma or repetitive microtrauma, usually among collision athletes, weight lifters, and rowers. However, posterior glenohumeral instability resulting from pathology of the posterior capsulolabral tissues in throwers is a different entity, and the clinical assessment begins with an accurate differentiation between adaptive capsular laxity and labral injury with pathologic instability. Some posterior capsule labrum tears confirmed on arthroscopy will require nothing more than débridement. However, for more extensive lesions, surgical treatment must balance the necessity to repair torn capsulolabral tissues with the tendency to over constrain the shoulder. The literature provides mixed results regarding the likelihood of overhead athletes with posterior glenohumeral instability and labral injury treated surgically returning to their preinjury level of sport performance.
Adopting an SFL Approach to Teaching L2 Writing through the Teaching Learning Cycle
Authors: Nagao Akiko
Published: May 2020

This study applied a Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) model to explore how 27 first-year university students in two different English proficiency groups improved their lexicogrammatical choices and metafunctions for writing analytical exposition essays during a 15-week course. To explore how “the teaching learning cycle” influences students’ understanding of the target genre essay, a survey was conducted; furthermore, to explore changes in students’ understanding of metafunctions (ideational, experiential, and textual meanings) of the target genre essay, students’ pre- and post-essays were scored by raters using the SFL framework rubric. Then, six students with lower rating scores at the pre-essay stage from both English proficiency groups were selected to explore how they progressed differently in the target linguistic resources. The results demonstrated that applying an SFL framework of writing assessment to English students’ understanding of essay writing can be used to explicitly examine their improvements.
A Review on Studies into Incidental Vocabulary Acquisition through Different Input
Authors: Tang Zhongqing
Published: May 2020

Vocabulary acquisition, after being neglected for centuries, aroused people’s attention from the second half of last century. At that time, people began to realize, instead of grammar, vocabulary occupies the central role in language acquisition (Gass & Selinker, 1994). Compared with intentional vocabulary acquisition, incidental vocabulary acquisition was found to be the major way for people to acquire vocabularies. Early studies into incidental vocabulary acquisition focused on incidental vocabulary acquisition through reading activities. Later on, people found that listening activities was another good way to enhance incidental vocabulary acquisition. Nowadays, task mode of incidental vocabulary acquisition has become more pluralistic than before. This article is to review studies into incidental vocabulary acquisition through different input and point out the limitations of previous studies. The first limitation of previous studies is that word knowledge framework was undefined in previous studies and the second limitation is that prior knowledge, an factor which needs to be controlled, was neglected by some scholars. This review will hopefully provide some suggestions for both language teachers and language learners.
Workplace Discrimination against Working Women in Jordan
Authors: Al-Manasrah Excimirey A.
Published: May 2020

The purpose of this study is to explore the sources related to work place discrimination against working women in Jordan. The studied discrimination sources are: age discrimination, racial discrimination, religious discrimination, gender discrimination, women social status discrimination and sexual harassment. Data were collected via questionnaires from 154 working women in academic and managerial positions at Al-Balqa Applied University in Jordan. Crosstabs were used to describe sample characteristics related to discrimination and Chi square test was used to test the hypotheses. Crosstabs tabulations results found that educated and married women who are moving to a higher age category feel more discriminated at workplace. Chi Square findings indicated that Jordanian working women exposed to different sources of discrimination except religious discrimination at workplace.
The effects of artificial-aging temperature
on tensile strength, hardness, microstructure,
and fault morphology in AlSiMg
Authors: Andoko Andoko , Yanuar Yanuar , Puspitasari P. , Ariestoni T.B.
Published: May 2020

Purpose: This research examined the effects of artificial-aging temperature and time on
tensile strength, hardness, microstructure, and fault morphology in AlSiMg.
Design/methodology/approach: This research was conducted using aluminium alloy at
120°C, 150°C, and 180°C artificial-aging temperature and 6 hours holding time. The tensile
test used ASTM B211-03 standard and hardness test adapted to ALCOA 6061 standard.
Findings: Tensile test results indicated the highest tenacity on aluminium alloy at a 150ºC
temperature that was 47.263% strain level. In addition to the strain level, this research also
obtained the highest tensile strength level at 180ºC that was 62.267 kgf/mm2 and the highest
hardness value that was 110 HV. The increase in tensile strength and hardness at 180°C
was caused by the increase in Mg, Si, and Al. Based on the microstructure test, the highest
tenacity was obtained at 150°C temperature as the result of closed and gathered Mg2Si
precipitates; while at 180°C temperature, the precipitates appeared to be more distributed,
causing a rise in hardness value and tensile strength. AlSiMg tenacity also exhibited from
the number of dimples compared to cleavages at 150°C temperature.
Research limitations/implications: The limitation that found in this research was
conducted using AlSiMg aluminium Al6061 specimen with an artificial-aging treatment at
120ºC, 150°C, and 180°C temperature for 6 hours and then compared to the raw material.
AlSiMg tensile specimen was made according to ASTM E8-E8M standard.
Practical implications: This research can be applied in industrial manufacture process to
find tensile strength, hardness, microstructure, and fault morphology of Al6061 alloy.
Originality/value: According to research result, can be understood that by conducting
these experiments, Artificial-aging treatment temperature variations in AlSiMg aluminium
alloy could increase hardness.
Zwischen Fachlichkeit und Fremdbestimmung
Authors: Arnold Thomas
Published: May 2020

In Germany, between 1.5 and 2 million people are considered alcohol dependent. The annual economic cost of this dependency is estimated at 40 billion Euros. The system of alcohol support services, meanwhile contains many different options. Alcohol advice centres play an important role in linking different assistance services within the rehabilitation process. Given this, what is the specific job of social workers within the framework of alcohol counselling? This analysis identifies the subjective perspective of social workers from the institutional background.
The Foreign-Policy Aspect of Mei Lanfang’s Soviet Tour in 1935
Authors: Risum Janne
Published: May 2020

The Soviet tour in 1935 of the eminent Chinese male interpreter of female roles, Mei Lanfang, attracted justified international attention as a pioneering instance of cultural and aesthetic exchange. This is not least due to the fact that it was the first time a traditional Chinese theatre troupe made a guest appearance in Europe and that so many prominent Russian and other European theatre innovators consequently eagerly followed the event and reacted to the traditional Chinese stage conventions according to their very different aesthetic points of view. Complementing my published research over the years into the details of this major intercultural stage event, in this article I reverse my perspective and almost exclusively focus on its foreign-policy context. I demonstrate that from the more pragmatic point of view of international politics at the time, another aspect of Mei’s tour was much more important: It was an act of cultural diplomacy which helped break a deadlock in foreign relations between the Soviet Union and the Republic of China, and in so doing helped facilitate their formation of a defensive military alliance in response to the rapidly increasing Japanese aggression against them both. War memories, as well as memory wars, formed part of this foreign policy staging of Mei Lanfang’s Soviet guest appearance and its subsequent documentation.
Cultural Trauma of the Civil War of 1918 Staged and Commemorated in Finland
Authors: Paavolainen Pentti
Published: May 2020

The Centennial of one of the cruelest of European civil wars fought in Finland between the Reds and the Whites from January to May 1918 has evoked a spectrum of theatre productions illustrating variations of styles and approaches on the events. The turn in the treatment of this cultural trauma occurred with the interpretations and narrative perspectives that were fixed in the 1960s, when an understanding for the defeated Red side was expressed in historiography, literature and theatre. Since that, the last six decades the Finnish theatre and public discourse on the Civil War have been dominated by the Red narrative as the memory of the 1918 Civil War provided an important part in the new identity politics for the 1969 generation. Since the 1980’s the topic was mostly put aside so that before the 2018 revivals of the Civil War topic, the productions seem to have been reactions by the artists confronting the developments at the end of the Cold War. Some theatrical events can even be tied to the cultural trauma of the 1969 left evoked by the collapse of the socialist block. The Centennial productions repeated the Red narrative but they also provided more balanced interpretationson the tragic events.
Reflexiones sobre la última reforma española de los permisos parentales
Authors: Edo Jové Alba
Published: May 2020

Cuando el Real Decreto-ley 6/2019 de 1 de marzo, que incorpora, entre otros, la nueva configuración de los permisos parentales, se encuentre totalmente desplegado, España habrá obtenido, en referencia a dichos permisos, la igualdad formal entre hombres y mujeres. Par- tiendo de una caracterización de la realidad del país respecto a los sesgos de género en el ámbito laboral y doméstico y con el apoyo de la literatura especializada, este artículo argumenta por qué la reforma de los permisos, si bien ha de contribuir en el camino hacia la igualdad efectiva, no promete ser suficiente para mejorar de manera notoria la situación actual. Desde esta información también se propone el sentido en el que debería ser concebida una nueva reforma y se reflexiona acerca de si un país como España podría asumir su coste. Finalmente, se aborda la necesidad de una doble implicación del Estado-tejido empresarial con tal de obtener el cambio disruptivo necesario, no solo en términos de calidad democrática, sino también de ventaja competitiva en el nuevo paradigma socioeconómico.
Some problem aspects of legal regulation and practical implementation of administrative legal status of a traffic police officer in modern conditions (Oryol region case study)
Authors: Sidorova Margarita Vladimirovna
Published: May 2020

The research subject is the system of social and legal relations emerging in the process of implementation of an administrative legal status of a traffic police officer in modern conditions (Oryol region case study). The research object is social relations emerging in the process of implementation of an administrative legal status by a traffic police officer.  The author studies the semantic elements of administrative legal status of a traffic police officer and the specificity of their implementation in Oryol region focusing on the problem aspects of legal and organizational nature, for the purpose of the development of proposals about its improvement. To achieve the goal, the author uses general scientific methods: dialectical method of cognition, systems analysis, comparison and analogy, as well as the formal logical method, generalization of practical experience and other methods.  The specificity of studying the legal status of a traffic police officer is quite important due to the fact that it was changed during the latest departmental transformations.  The scientific novelty of the study consists in the fact that the author, based on the analysis of the current legal regulations formalizing the contents of particular elements of administrative and legal status of a traffic police officer in Oryol region, analyzes the typical difficulties and problem areas of their implementation and formulates the variants of their optimal solving.  
Internal affairs officers training for emergency mitigation in air transport
Authors: Sysoev Aleksei Aleksandrovich , Konstantinov Vladimir Nikolaevich
Published: May 2020

The authors consider the peculiarities of internal affairs officers training for emergency mitigation in air transport. The problem of underpreparation of police officers for emergency and search and rescue operations in specific circumstances of emergency mitigation in air transport hasn’t been solved during a long time by now. The adoption of optimal forms and promising educational methods in the process of professional training of internal affairs officers is believed to be one of the ways to solve the problem. The article considers the possibilities of using the methodology of situational approach for the organization of training in the form of staff exercise, tactical and special training and tactical and special exercise. The authors suppose that the introduction of such educational forms into the educational practice will allow forming the necessary professional competencies. The use of staff exercise, tactical and special training and tactical and special exercise in the educational process not only helps develop the required skills, but also trains psychological resistance which helps perform operational tasks of this type fully and within the allotted time.   
Apolipoprotein L-1 renal risk variants form active channels at the plasma membrane driving cytotoxicity
Authors: Giovinazzo Joseph A , Thomson Russell P , Khalizova Nailya , Zager Patrick J , Malani Nirav , Rodriguez-Boulan Enrique , Raper Jayne , Schreiner Ryan
Published: May 2020

Recently evolved alleles of Apolipoprotein L-1 (APOL1) provide increased protection against African trypanosome parasites while also significantly increasing the risk of developing kidney disease in humans. APOL1 protects against trypanosome infections by forming ion channels within the parasite, causing lysis. While the correlation to kidney disease is robust, there is little consensus concerning the underlying disease mechanism. We show in human cells that the APOL1 renal risk variants have a population of active channels at the plasma membrane, which results in an influx of both Na+and Ca2+. We propose a model wherein APOL1 channel activity is the upstream event causing cell death, and that the activate-state, plasma membrane-localized channel represents the ideal drug target to combat APOL1-mediated kidney disease.
Dataset decay and the problem of sequential analyses on open datasets
Authors: Thompson William Hedley , Wright Jessey , Bissett Patrick G , Poldrack Russell A
Published: May 2020

Open data allows researchers to explore pre-existing datasets in new ways. However, if many researchers reuse the same dataset, multiple statistical testing may increase false positives. Here we demonstrate that sequential hypothesis testing on the same dataset by multiple researchers can inflate error rates. We go on to discuss a number of correction procedures that can reduce the number of false positives, and the challenges associated with these correction procedures.
The Derivation of ‘Verbless’ Sentences in Arabic: A Probe-Goal-Agree Approach
Authors: Jouini Kamel
Published: May 2020

In this paper, I provide an analysis of ‘verbless’ sentences in Arabic (mainly, the Standard variety, SA) in light of the claims of the feature-based probe-goal-Agree system of Chomsky (2001, 2004) and such assumptions as held by Biberauer et al. (2010) about probe-goal Agree relations being parameterized according to the feature-structure of functional elements derived in sentence structure. This analysis is essentially different from previous analyses in the literature relating to ‘verbless’ sentences in Arabic, such as Benmamoun’s (2008). In the present analysis, verbal inflection is the product of the valuation of a T-feature of verbs – i.e., [uT], as the unvalued uninterpretable counterpart of [iT] of tense (T as a node in sentence structure) in the syntax of languages. Using this framework of assumptions, I subsequently extend on Halila’s (1992) analysis of the famma-construction in Tunisian Arabic. In such constructions, famma-raising is the result of the verb-like nature of famma as an auxiliary or copula, which ultimately enters a probe-goal-Agree relation with T for tense interpretation at Logical Form (LF) in the syntax.
Drama as Information Medium on Health and Illness: Personal Characteristics as Patients’ Attitude Determinants
Authors: Taofiq Olaide Nasir , Adeyinka Juliet Akinboye , Aderemi Michael Adeoye , Olayinka Olatunji Aikomo
Published: May 2020

The study examined the contributions of drama as a means of disseminating information such as age, gender and educational level that are germane to patients’ attitude to health and illness. The subjects were ninety five patients of General Hospital, Ijebu-Igbo, Ogun State. They responded to the Patient-Medical Personnel Drama Scale (PMPDS) and the Attitude Towards Health and Illness Scale (ATHIS). Step-wise multiple regression analysis was used for data analysis and the results revealed that drama, as a means of communication made the most significant contribution while educational level came up in step two. “Age” and “gender” did not make any noticeable contribution. The findings indicate that more attention should be paid to improve Patient-Medical Personnel Drama.
Unearthing New Dimensions of Black “Womanism”: Poetic Resistance and the Journey from Absence to Self-Representation
Authors: Ben Zid Mounir
Published: May 2020

Significant headway has been made in investigating white feminist monolithic strategies and exploring how black females have suffered from patriarchal ideology and stereotyping, and how they were placed in an inferior position and treated as slaves and sexual machines. In research conducted on women of color, however, little attention is paid to black females’ new vision of black “womanism” and its means of struggle. With this in mind, the aim of this study is twofold. First, the goal is to elucidate why black women were victims of white prejudice, despotism, and patriarchal practices. Second, we wish to demonstrate how black females set themselves free from racial ideology and Western hegemony by opting for poetic resistance to achieve hypervisibility, seek their own spirituality, worship their black female deities, restore the joy of their motherhood, and assert their identity. The findings yielded by this research provide support for the key argument that black "womanism" and poetic resistance are the means of self-representation and liberation from Eurocentric, dehumanizing, and exclusionary ideology to repossess one's erased self.
A Feminist Review of John Dramani Mahama’s My First Coup D’etat: Memories from the Lost Decades of Africa
Authors: Denkyi –Manieson Gladys Agyeiwaa
Published: May 2020

This essay examines the portrayal of women in John Dramani Mahama’s My First Coup D’etat: Memories from the Lost Decades of Africa (2012). The essay contends that subtly My First Coup D’etat expresses ideas of patriarchy, misogyny and masculinity. A feminist reading of work pays attention to images, themes, expressions, motifs and many other factors that are embedded in the text. An examination of the portrayal of women in male narratives is a worthwhile exercise as it helps establish gender ideologies for female empowerment. A paper like this stretches the dimension of psycho-critical literary studies which pays attention to the interplay between consciousness and unconsciousness in life narratives. Life narratives is an accumulation of layered propositions, interpretation of which are discernible by critical literary studies, like this research paper.
Saudi English Teachers’ Use of Technology in Secondary Classrooms: Perceptions, Barriers, and Suggestions for Improvement
Authors: Ageel Mutlaq Alswilem Deya’a
Published: May 2020

This study sought to quantify the perceptions of Saudi English teachers towards the use of technology in secondary classrooms. To achieve this goal, seventy-six English teachers in Al-Jouf district of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia responded to a questionnaire, showing that the teachers held positive attitudes toward the use of technology in the classroom. However, the participants reported several critical barriers to widespread use. These included a) the lack of teacher training, b) the lack of infrastructure (labs and classrooms), and c) the lack of technology resources (computers). The survey results suggested the need for an explicit vision and strategy for technology use. Further, the teachers suggested that the creation of a standardized physical infrastructure in conjunction with financial incentives could help to improve adoption.
Parodies of the Past, Fears of the Future: The Failure and Triumph of Storyline in Don Delillo’s Trauma Narratives
Authors: Alghamdi Alaa
Published: May 2020

Though Don Delillo’s writing spans the period before and after September 11, 2001, consistent themes emerge. Such themes unite an early novel, White Noise, and The Falling Man, one of the definitive American novels about the events and aftermath of 9-11. In each, the characters experience a loss of connection with other people and with the real settings and circumstances of their lives. This leads to a breakdown of journey and storyline, where past and present merge and resolution cannot be reached. The fact that this mentality exists in both narratives, written before and after 9-11, suggests that the tragic events of that day did not create the mental devastation that followed, but that it was pre-existing. In an effort to characterise that state, comparisons are drawn to literary antecedents including Tennyson’s poem “The Lady of Shalott” and the story of the Fall of Man (suggested by the title of Delillo’s novel). In addition, concepts from psychology and philosophy are utilized, including but not limited to psychological and philosophical concepts of repetition, modern ‘simulation theory’ and Gilles Delueze’s observations regarding non-linear time. This paper concludes that the lack of connection with the human, physical and historical worlds brings about an alienation that causes one to predict and even pre-experience trauma, and this ‘pre-traumatic’ state, in turn, prevents connection and perpetuates the very loss that one dreads.
Mirror Image: A Study of the Power Politics of Mimetic Desire and Cinematic Confinement in Chloe (2009)
Authors: Padgate Usa
Published: May 2020

This study aims to analyze the power politics in the narrative of the film Chloe as addressed by the mirrored desire perceived in the film and to illustrate how this mimesis is communicated through the imagery of confinement that dominates the presence of the female protagonists. René Girard’s mimetic theory of triangular desire and scapegoat mechanism and Sandra Gilbert and Susan Gubar’s conceptual image of a mad woman in the mirror are employed as the frameworks on which the analyses are based. The results reveal four paradigms of triangular desire, the last of which confirms the male hegemony that underlies the film’s narrative and that, subsequently, undermines the message of women’s empowerment suggested by the film’s emphasis on the female characters and their supposed bonding. The feeling of entrapment of the female protagonists is revealed through the ways in which they are framed cinematically and metaphorically. The desire to break free from this inhibition is realized through the image of a mad double who rebels against such male constructs as family, work and sex, and whose presence entails such anarchical chaos that she must be dispensed with so that the patriarchal order can be restored. This affirms the stronghold that patriarchy has over both the female psyche and the general public conscience. The findings also support the adaptability of literary frameworks in a cinematic investigation.
Turkish Language Teacher Metaphors of Pre-service Teachers According to Their Perceptions
Authors: Özcan Mehmet Fatih
Published: May 2020

The aim of this study is to determine the pre-service teachers' perceptions related to teacher / Turkish language teacher concepts through metaphors. The study group consists of first and fourth grade undergraduate students from Department of Turkish Language Teaching of Faculty of Education of Ağrı province and graduate students from Turkish Language Education in 2018-2019 academic years. The research data was collected with open ended questions. With the questions as “How do you think the concept teacher can be expressed with different words? Why?” related to teacher concept, “What is the first reaction and the first sentence you hear from the people when you tell them that you are a Turkish language teacher/study in the department of Turkish Language Teaching?” related to Turkish language teacher concept, and “What are the three words that you think of when Turkish language teacher is mentioned?” related to Turkish language teacher concept, preferability levels of the metaphors were determined with frequency, percentage, arithmetic mean and standard deviation; and t test was used to determine the difference between gender and views of the participants according to grade. According to the results obtained from the study, it was determined that the participants presented both positive and negative metaphors related to the questions. While a high number of positive metaphors such as educator / instructor, leading / guide / leader and father / mother, compassion, laborer, friend, honest, self-sacrificing, hope are produced, negative metaphors such as Hope killer / hangman and expropriator are also produced. Of the metaphors produced about the Turkish language teacher, the first four came out as silver-tongued/ calligraphic, grammar, book and poet / poem. In addition, metaphors like Unemployed and With Poor Turkish/Short-tempered were also produced.
Plasma antioxidants and oxidative stress status in obese women: correlation with cardiopulmonary response
Authors: Adenan Dyg Mastura , Jaafar Zulkarnain , Jayapalan Jaime Jacqueline , Abdul Aziz Azlina
Published: May 2020

Introduction

A high body fat coupled with low cardiopulmonary fitness and an increase in oxidative stress has been connoted as contributing factors in developing cardiovascular comorbidities. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between antioxidants and oxidative stress status with cardiopulmonary responses in women of different body mass index (BMI).

Subjects and Methods

Eighty female adults were recruited and divided into three groups; normal weight (n = 23), overweight (n = 28) and obese (n = 29), according to their BMI. Blood samples were obtained prior to cardiopulmonary exercise testing. Plasma samples were separated by centrifugation and analysed for enzymatic antioxidant activity including catalase, glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase. Non-enzymatic antioxidant activities were assessed using 2, 2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging and ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) assays. To evaluate the oxidative stress status of subjects, levels of reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde, the by-product of lipid peroxidation, were measured. Cardiopulmonary responses were analysed using cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) which involved 15 various parameters such as peak oxygen consumption, metabolic equivalents and respiratory exchange ratio.

Results

The obese group had significantly lower ABTS radical scavenging and FRAP activities than the normal weight group. A higher catalase activity was observed in the obese group than the normal weight group. Spearman’s correlation showed an inverse relationship between catalase and peak oxygen consumption, while partial correlation analysis showed inverse correlations between superoxide dismutase and respiratory frequency, ABTS activity and oxygen pulse, and between ABTS activity and cardiac output.

Conclusion

Our results demonstrate a lower cardiovascular fitness and antioxidant capacity in obese women; the higher catalase activity may be a compensatory mechanism. The negative correlations found between these two parameters may indicate the potential effect of antioxidants on the cardiopulmonary system and deserve further analysis in a larger population. Nevertheless, this study provides the basis for future studies to further explore the relationships between redox status and cardiopulmonary responses. This can potentially be used to predict future risk of developing diseases associated with oxidative stress, especially pulmonary and cardiovascular diseases.
Effects of Some Flow Parameters on Unsteady MHD Fluid Flow Past a Moving Vertical Plate Embedded in Porous Medium in the Presence of Hall Current and Rotating System
Authors: Durojaye M. O. , Jamiu K. A. , Ogunfiditimi F. O.
Published: May 2020

This paper is on the numerical study of the effects of some flow parameters like Hall current, rotation, thermal diffusion (Soret) and diffusion thermo (Dufour) on unsteady magnetohydrodynamic natural convective heat and mass transfer of a viscous, rotating, electrically conducting and incompressible fluid flow past an impulsively moving vertical plate embedded in porous medium. The fundamental governing dimensionless coupled boundary layer partial differential equations are solved by the method of lines (MOL). Computations are then performed to determine the effects of the governing flow parameters. The results show that an increase in Soret number, Dufour number and Hall current parameter, causes an increase in the primary and secondary velocities of the fluid flow. As rotating parameter increases, the primary velocity of the flow decreases. Similarly, as Dufour and Soret numbers increase, the temperature and concentration profiles of the fluid flow increase. The effects of the flow parameters on primary and secondary velocity, temperature and concentration fields for externally cooling of the plate are shown graphically.
Hygienic Status of the Stem Bark of Sarcocephalus latifolius (Smith) E.A. Bruce (Rubiaceae) Stored and Sold at Medicinal Plant Market (Côte d'Ivoire)
Authors: Kaddy Rasmane Na Ahou , Julien Coulibaly Kalpy , Brahima Kandé , Bernadin Kouamé Kouassi , Desirée Djedjagne Marhe Ursule , Mireille Dosso , Witabouna Koné Mamidou
Published: May 2020

Aims: The present study relates to the hygienic status of medicinal plants sold on markets of the district of Abidjan. This paper focused on Sarcocephalus latifolius used to treat various diseases such as Malaria.

Place and Duration of Study: The ethnobotanical survey was conducted during November 2017, on the Siaka Koné market in Abobo. The microbiology study was carried out at “InstitutPasteur de Côte d’Ivoire”.

Methodology: A semi-structured interview was used during the survey. Germs were isolated and microbial load counted from aqueous extracts (maceration) of collected samples of stem bark using standard bacteriology methods. Investigations were also made on control sample collected in the Savannah at Lamto reserve (Toumodi).

Results: 86% of the plants sold on this market are not well maintained. In fact, 53% of plant organs are stored outdoors on pieces of brick exposed to dust, air humidity and car exhaust. While 20% are under black tarpaulins or stored in dilapidated stores away from light and 13% in bags in open air. To confirm our survey, Sarcocepha luslatifolius was selected from the highest frequency of citations for performing microbiological tests. The number of total coliforms ranged from 1.3×103 to 9.2×107 CFU/g plant, the mean value of total coliforms was 4.7×105 CFU/g, that of mesophilic aerobic germs from 8.1×103 to 5.1×105 CFU/g of plants, the average value of mesophilic aerobic germs was 1.2×105 CFU/g. The presence of Streptococcus, Pseudomonas and Escherichia coli was observed respectively on 93.33%, 16.67% and 3.33% of the samples collected.

Conclusion: Medicinal plants sold and stored under current market conditions are potentially dangerous to health.
N2 Electroreduction to NH3 by Selenium Vacancy‐Rich ReSe2 Catalysis at an Abrupt Interface
Authors: Lai Feili , Zong Wei , He Guanjie , Xu Yang , Huang Haowei , Weng Bo , Rao Dewei , Martens Johan A. , Hofkens Johan , Parkin Ivan P. , Liu Tianxi
Published: May 2020

Vacancy engineering has been proved repeatedly as an adoptable strategy to boost electrocatalysis, while its poor selectivity restricts the usage in nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) as overwhelming competition from hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Revealed by density functional theory calculations, the selenium vacancy in ReSe2 crystal can enhance its electroactivity for both NRR and HER by shifting the d‐band from −4.42 to −4.19 eV. To restrict the HER, we report a novel method by burying selenium vacancy‐rich ReSe2@carbonized bacterial cellulose (Vr‐ReSe2@CBC) nanofibers between two CBC layers, leading to boosted Faradaic efficiency of 42.5 % and ammonia yield of 28.3 μg h−1 cm−2 at a potential of −0.25 V on an abrupt interface. As demonstrated by the nitrogen bubble adhesive force, superhydrophilic measurements, and COMSOL Multiphysics simulations, the hydrophobic and porous CBC layers can keep the internal Vr‐ReSe2@CBC nanofibers away from water coverage, leaving more unoccupied active sites for the N2 reduction (especially for the potential determining step of proton‐electron coupling and transferring processes as *NN → *NNH).
On the Dynamic Interaction of n‐Butane with Imidazolium‐Based Ionic Liquids
Authors: Bhuin Radha G. , Winter Leonhard , Lexow Matthias , Maier Florian , Steinrück Hans‐Peter
Published: May 2020

The impact of a reactant from the gas phase on the surface of a liquid and its transfer through this gas/liquid interface are crucial for various concepts applying ionic liquids (ILs) in catalysis. We investigated the first step of the adsorption dynamics of n‐butane on a series of 1‐alkyl‐3‐methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide ILs ([CnC1Im][Tf2N]; n=1, 2, 3, 8). Using a supersonic molecular beam in ultra‐high vacuum, the trapping of n‐butane on the frozen ILs was determined as a function of surface temperature, between 90 and 125 K. On the C8‐ and C3‐ILs, n‐butane adsorbs at 90 K with an initial trapping probability of ≈0.89. The adsorption energy increases with increasing length of the IL alkyl chain, whereas the ionic headgroups seem to interact only weakly with n‐butane. The absence of adsorption on the C1‐ and C2‐ILs is attributed to a too short residence time on the IL surface to form nuclei for condensation even at 90 K.
Selective synthesis of 2‐(5‐oxo‐1‐arylhex‐1‐yn‐3‐yl)phenyl benzoates via FeCl3‐mediated cascade reactions of propargylamines with β‐enamino ketones
Authors: Tang Qiang , He Xinwei , Zhang Jinxue , Zhou Tongtong , Xie Mengqing , Li Ruxue , Zuo Youpeng , Shang Yongjia
Published: May 2020

A mild and efficient FeCl3‐mediated cascade reaction of ortho‐hydroxyl propargylamines with β‐enamino ketones has been developed. This protocol provided a practical and selective method to synthesize 2‐(5‐oxo‐1‐arylhex‐1‐yn‐3‐yl)phenyl benzoates via in situ generated alkynyl o‐quinone methides following a cascade intermolecular 1,4‐conjugate addition/intramolecular nucleophilic addition/reverse Claisen condensation/hydrolysis pathway. Furthermore, a series of 2‐(3‐oxo‐1‐arylbutyl)phenyl benzoates with good functional group tolerance were prepared in good to high yields under these reaction conditions.