bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Improved Grey Prediction Evolution Algorithm for Real-world Engineering Optimization Problems
Authors: Zhang Qian , Hu Zhongbo , Su Qinghua , Huang Gang
Published: May 2024

Grey predictive evolutionary algorithm (GPE), which is developed with the inspiration of the grey prediction theory, is a promising candidate for solving complex optimization problems. Due to the complexity and challenge of constraint search space of real-world engineering problems, an improved GPE algorithm (called GPEde) incorporated the constraint handling methods of an ε-constrained level and a gradient-based repair is proposed to effectively handle real-world engineering constrained problems in this paper. The core idea of GPEde is to guide inferior individuals through predicted information produced by GPE. The proposed algorithm is developed by the following two processes. Firstly, half of offspring individuals carrying the predicted information are generated by GPE using three consecutive generation subpopulation, where the subpopulation consists of the top 50% excellent individuals in each generation. Secondly, another half of offspring individuals are produced by adopting a prediction-based learning strategy that is constructed by using the new 50% of offspring individuals to guide inferior individuals of the last 50% of the current population. The effectiveness and superiority of GPEde are validated on 19 mechanical engineering problems extracted from the CEC 2020 real-world single-objective constrained optimization problems. The experimental results demonstrate that GPEde is a competitive optimizer for solving constrained optimization problems compared with differential evolution algorithm, GPE, three variants of GPE and four state-of-the-art algorithms.
If this paper is accepted, MATLAB codes associated with this paper will be uploaded to https://github.com/Zhongbo-Hu/Prediction-Evolutionary-Algorithm-HOMEPAGE.
Neuroprotective effects exerted by a combination of selected lactic acid bacteria in a mouse parkinsonism model under levodopa-benserazide treatment
Authors: Visñuk Daiana Perez , LeBlanc Jean Guy , de LeBlanc Alejandra de Moreno
Published: May 2024

Alterations of the microbiota-gut-brain axis has been associated with intestinal and neuronal inflammation in Parkinson’s disease (PD). The aim of this work was to study some mechanisms associated with the neuroprotective effect of a combination (MIX) of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) composed by Lactiplantibacillus plantarum CRL2130 (riboflavin overproducing strain), Streptococcus thermophilus (St.) CRL808 (folate producer strain), and St. CRL807 (immunomodulatory strain) in a chronic model of parkinsonism induced with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) in aged mice, and under levodopa-benserazide treatment. Motor skills, tyrosine hydrolase (TH) in brain and cytokine concentrations in serum and in brain were evaluated. The study of the faecal microbiota and the histology of the small intestine was also performed. The results showed that the neuroprotective effect associated with LAB MIX administration did not interfere with levodopa-benserazide treatment and was associated with the significant improvement in the motor tests and a higher number of TH + cells in the brain. In addition, LAB MIX administration was associated with modulation of the immune response. LAB administration decreased intestinal damage with an increase in the villus length /crypt depth ratio. Finally, the administration of the LAB MIX in combination with levodopa-benserazide treatment was able to partially revert the intestinal dysbiosis observed in the model, showing greater similarity to the profiles of healthy controls, and highlighting the increase in the Lactobacillaceae family. Different mechanisms of action would be related to the protective effect of the selected LAB combination which has the potential to be evaluated as an adjuvant for conventional PD therapies.
Anxiety and Sleep Mediate the Effect of Food Insecurity on Depression in Single Parents in Ghana: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Owusu-Sarpong Obed Jones , Abass Kabila , Tutu Solomon , Gyasi Razak
Published: May 2024

Background
Data on the association between food insecurity and depression in single parents in LMICs are limited, and no study has reported the serial mediation effects of psychosocial factors in this association. This study examines the extent to which anxiety and sleep serially explain the food insecurity and depression link among single parents in Ghana.
Methods
Data on 627 single parents were obtained through a multi-stage stratified sampling technique. Food insecurity was assessed using the Food and Agriculture Organization Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES), and depression was assessed using the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D-10). Multivariable OLS models and bootstrapping serial mediation analyses were performed to evaluate the hypothesized associations.
Results
The mean age (SD) was 45.0 (14.66) years; 67.3% females. After full adjustment, food insecurity was significantly associated with increases in anxiety symptoms (β = .607, 95%CI = .476 − .737), sleep problems (β = .042, 95%CI = .016 − .067), and depression (β = .238, 95%CI = .116 − .360). Food insecurity indirectly related to depression via anxiety (β = .347, 95%CI = .2598-.4431) representing 55.78%, sleep (β = .025, 95%CI = .0032-.0575) suggesting 3.97%, and anxiety→sleep (β = .013, 95%CI = .0024-.0265) yielding 2.04% of the total effect.
Conclusions
Food insecurity was positively associated with depression. This association was partially and serially explained by generalized anxiety and sleep problems. Efforts to address depression among single parents should consider interventions for food insecurity and psychosocial problems, particularly in LMICs.
Enhancing Clear Air Turbulence Prediction: A Comparative Analysis of Machine Learning Algorithms Using GFS Forecast and ERA-5 Reanalysis Data
Authors: de Mello Ivan Bitar Fiuza , França Gutemberg Borges , Velho Haroldo Fraga de Campos
Published: May 2024

This study evaluates twelve categorical machine learning algorithms using performance metrics, including Probability of Detection, False Alarm Rate, and F-measure, to classify Clear Air Turbulence patterns in the meteorological Global Forecast System (GFS), from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) ReAnalysis reanalysis (ERA-5) datasets along the Brazilian air route between the cities São Paulo and Porto Alegre(air-route in Brazil). Two training strategies, cross-validation, and random sample splitting, are employed for evaluating the performances of the algorithms. Results indicate that only the Random Forest algorithm meets the best performance with the adopted criterion for CAT detection. Algorithms trained with ERA-5 reanalysis data perform slightly better. The statistical best algorithm performance values with ERA-5 re-analysis data (GFS forecast data in parentheses) are POD=0.94 (0.87), FAR=0.08 (0.16), and F-measure=0.94 (0.87). As a future direction, it is suggested to investigate the use of regional models with enhanced resolutions in three key domains: horizontal, vertical, and atmospheric pressure.
Socio-cultural components related to the cropping, harvesting, and brewing of guayusa (Ilex guayusa Loe) for consumption in Amazonian Kichwa communities of Napo province, Ecuador
Authors: Andrade Alejandra Espinosa , Vásquez Wilson
Published: May 2024

Background
Guayusa (Ilex guayusa Loe) is an Amazonian plant whose leaves contain chemical compounds with therapeutic and energizing properties. For the Kichwa nationality in Napo, the guayusa plant has traditionally been considered a fundamental part of their culture. In the last decade, the export market for the plant has been increasing, which has implied transformations in the cropping, management, and use of the plant. The main objective of this study was to identify and describe the practices and beliefs about the planting, harvesting, brewing, and benefits of guayusa among Kichwa families in Napo within the current context. The study of these practices and beliefs allowed us: a) to identify the values and cultural transformations associated with the use and management of the plant, and b) to detect new research topics to deepen our knowledge about the plant.
Methods
The methodology was qualitative using the specific following techniques: literature review, 18 semi-structured in-depth interviews with key actors and guayusa producers belonging to the Kichwa nationality, and field observation of guayusa crops and Kichwa family houses.
Results
The analysis shows that Kichwa families currently maintain some ancestral practices related to the crop management of the plant and its benefits. At the same time, the families’ consumption and ceremonial use of guayusa have undergone transformations.
Conclusions
Nowadays guayusa’s consumption transcends familial and ceremonial spaces, and it is brewed in different ways. Practices such as the analysis of dreams or punishment with tobacco and chili when drinking guayusa are not frequent. People are planting guayusa in order to sell it in national and international markets. These changes are perceived as a challenge to the preservation of Kichwa people’s cultural identity. In terms of the plant’s benefits, the endowment of energy and elimination of sleepiness, laziness, body aches, and hunger are highly valued. This study raises new questions about possible future research concerning the plant’s cultural, social, medical, and economic aspects.
Tariff reductions, wages, and internal worker migration: Evidence from China
Authors: Ji Zhenhua , Wang Jiang , Liu Kai
Published: May 2024

We examine the internal worker migration responses to tariff abroad reductions and to China’s tariff cuts following China’s trade liberalization and show that one key channel of impact has been employment. We first develop a general equilibrium model with heterogeneous workers and firms to demonstrate the mechanisms. We then conduct empirical analysis at the migration route level by employing a population gravity equation and find that prefectures facing reductions in tariffs abroad experience wage growth and labor inflow surge, while prefectures encountering reduced China’s tariffs face falling wages and fewer worker residing. The southeastern coastal, industrialized, and urbanized prefectures attract more labor inflows due to their higher exposure to tariff reductions. Migration of male, unskilled, married, and parous female workers is more susceptible to tariff reductions.
Sero-prevalence and risk factors for hepatitis B virus infection among pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in Adigrat General Hospital, Eastern Tigrai, Northern Ethiopia
Authors: Kahsu Getachew , Gebrewahd Aderajew , Berhe Brhane , Belay Getachew , Tesfanchal Birhane , Kahsay Tsega , Fseha Berhane , Tadesse Senait , Birhane Mulugeta , Gebre Mulualem , Petrucka Pammla
Published: May 2024

OBJECTIVES
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is one of the most common health problems worldwide and is associated with high mortality and heavy economic burdens. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and associated risk factors among pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in Adigrat General Hospital in Northern Ethiopia.
METHODS
An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted from January to March, 2024, among 385 pregnant women. Participants were selected through a systematic random sampling method. Sociodemographic and associated factor data were collected using a structured questionnaire, and 5 mL blood samples were collected. The data were subsequently entered into EPI Info and analyzed using SPSS version 25. Descriptive statistics were computed. Bivariate and multivariate regression analyses were employed to measure associations, and values < 0.05 were considered to indicate statistical significance.
RESULTS
The overall seroprevalence of HBsAg among the 385 study subjects enrolled was 10.4% (n = 40). HBsAg was common in all age groups. The prevalence of infection was greater in those who had a history of multiple sexual partners (22.7%), early piercing (13.4%), or abortion (27.6%), as was the history of delivery (26.3%) and genital mutilation (35.7%). According to multivariate logistic regression, patients were unmarried (AOR 8.57; 95% CI 3.20-22.93), illiterate (AOR 12.06; 95% CI 3.07–47.33), had a history of ear piercing (AOR 5.66; 95% CI 1.65–19.45), a history of abortion (AOR 8.16; 95% CI 3.18–20.95), a history of home delivery (AOR 6.69; 95% CI 1.26–35.53) and a history of genital mutilation (AOR 9.77; 95% CI 2.64–36.18) for acquiring HBV infection compared to their counterparts.
Conclusions
The results showed that HBV was highly prevalent in our study area. Being unmarried, having a low educational level, having an ear piercing, having an abortion, having a home delivery and having genital mutilation were significantly associated with HBV infection. Therefore, these findings suggest that health education programs should be provided to the community to increase awareness among mothers.
A physical emulation of somatosensory cortex as a
Neuromorphic Twin for neural prostheses
Authors: Ramirez Hector , Donati Elisa , Behrens Wolfger von der , Indiveri Giacomo , Valle Giacomo
Published: May 2024

Loss of tactile feedback in patients with paralysis or limb loss prevents the integration of sensory-motor signals, limiting dexterous motor control. Recent advances in the neurostimulation of the human somatosensory cortex offer the possibility of restoring touch in these patients. Brain-computer interfaces and bidirectional prostheses with implantable electrodes can restore feedback, improving control, awareness, and quality of life. However, current electrical stimulation methods lack the fidelity to consistently and reliably reproduce natural sensations, and the impact of this stimulation on the somatosensory cortex remains unclear. Here we propose to use a mixed-signal neuromorphic processing system to construct a “neuromorphic twin” of the somatosensory cortex, following a bottom-up approach for emulating and reproducing its intricate dynamics. We use the analog properties of electronic neuron and synapse circuits to faithfully replicate neural and synaptic response properties. To reproduce effects at the network level, we configure the neuromorphic processor to implement the recurrent connectivity patterns of the somatosensory cortex among different populations of excitatory and inhibitory silicon neurons. Our findings demonstrate the twin’s ability to reproduce the spatiotemporal firing patterns of the native neuronal population receiving afferent fiber inputs, resulting in a highly bio-realistic model that can be used to investigate the effect of different stimulation patterns. This physical emulation of the cortical circuits represents therefore an additional tool to understand and predict the somatosensory cortex behavior under neurostimulation. Using this system, neurostimulation patterns can be optimized to produce more natural sensations and ultimately improve the quality of restored feedback, leading to a better quality of life for affected patients.
Sensitivity of the land surface temperature and NDWI index to soil moisture on wheat and barley
Authors: Beninato Sabrina , Holzman Mauro E. , Rivas Raúl E.
Published: May 2024

The spatial monitoring of crop water status is crucial for agricultural purposes. The aim of this study was to analyze the sensitivity and response times of land surface temperature (LST) and the Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) to changes in soil moisture (VWC) in barley and wheat crops at plot scale in southeastern Argentine Pampas. VWC and LST were recorded daily by stations installed over the crops, and NDWI from Sentinel 2 (S2). Results showed instantaneous correlations between VWC and LST (r>-0.65) for soil depths explored by crop roots (20-50 cm). Correlations with NDWI were negative, which lacks biophysical meaning from a soil-plant system perspective. However, this index showed lower maximum values during the dry campaign. During the critical period of crops, the relationship between NDWI and VWC at 10 cm was positive, with a high correlation (r≈0.92) when considering responses with a 1-day time lag. This study contributes to the understanding of crops spectral behavior in the optical and thermal spectrum according to their water status, which is key to evaluating the usefulness of these data for monitoring agricultural systems.
Investigating the Bianchi IX universe within Brans Dicke theory & a novel deceleration parameter.
Authors: MISHRA RAVI KANT , Sharma Rahul
Published: May 2024

In the present paper, we have presented the cosmological model in Brans-Dicke theory (BDT) of gravity for a Bianchi type-IX space-time. We obtained the exact solutions of the field equations by applying the new form of deceleration parameter, i.e., FLVDP as proposed by Mishra et al. (2016). In the "Results and Discussion" section, we have also presented the physical and geometric properties and mathematical analysis of the proposed model in Sections 4. Sect. 7 of this communication is equipped with energy conditions and statefinder diagnostic.
Growth, Unemployment and Inflation in Sub-Saharan Africa: The role of Financial Development and legal systems and Property Rights
Authors: Salifu Mubarik , Peprah James Atta , Cantah William Godfred
Published: May 2024

Sub-Saharan Africa faces many challenges,such as poverty, inequality, conflict, corruption, and weak institutions. However, it also has potential for economic growth and development due to its abundant natural resources, young population, and increasing global integration. Thisstudy examines the impact of financial development on economic growth, unemployment, and inflation in sub-Saharan Africa. It also investigates the moderating effects of property rights and legal systems. The study uses panel data from 41 sub-Saharan African countries covering the years 2000–2020 and employs the smoothed sequential quantile regression technique for the empirical analysis. The findings show that at the 25th, 50th, and 75th quantiles, financial development has a positive effect on economic growth and unemployment, while it has a negative effect on inflation. These results highlight the importance of financial development for promoting economic prosperity and stability in the region. Employment increases while inflationand economic progressexpand when property rights interact with legal systems. Sturdy institutions and law structures are key to tapping into financial growth's full potential for jobs, prices, and expansion. The study showedthat lawmakers should bolster law frameworks and property rights enforcement, limit corruption, guard property rights, and improve transparency while supporting financial growth. This study underscores how vital is sub-Saharan Africa's need to grow capital markets, diversify, and enable financial inclusion.
Study of risk factors for acute coronary syndrome in young people
Authors: Hamdan Diaa Yahya , Alarbid Tala Haitham , Ali Diaa Haj , shamieh Marwan
Published: May 2024

Background
Acute coronary syndrome is a condition in which there is a lack of blood supply and oxygen to the heart muscle, due to blockage or narrowing of the coronary arteries, which leads to a mismatch between the supply and demand of oxygen.
Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) refers to a group of conditions that include ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI), and unstable angina. It is a type of coronary heart disease (CHD), which is responsible for one-third of total deaths in people older than 35.
Research Materials and Methods
A retrospective cohort study (COHORT) was conducted On a random group of patients from January 2018 to January 2023. The research approval (CV 8093) was given by the Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Medicine, Damascus University, Syria.
Results
The sample included 250 patients, of which 20 were excluded, leaving us with 230 cases on which research and statistics were conducted. 19.1% were females and 80.9% were males. Participants are classified into three groups, with the age group (36 – 40) years representing the majority 71.7%.
Patients with coronary disease were divided into 3 categories according to the disease type. Research and statistics showed that 60.9% of them presented with unstable angina.
The results showed that the largest percentage of patients suffering from unstable angina were from the age group 36-40 years, at a rate of 63.6%, and the relationship was statistically significant (p-value=0.01).
Conclusion
It is necessary to hold medical seminars on coronary heart diseaseand explain the difference between its types.
Corporate Social Responsibility and Earnings Management: Evidence from Vietnam
Authors: Thong Tien Nguyen  , Nhi Phuong Doan  , Hung Kim Vuong
Published: May 2024

Managers might use corporate social responsibility (CSR) to conceal their misbehaviours. One of these is the implementation of earnings management (EM), which could have serious effects vis-à-vis information disclosed to stakeholders. This study examined the relationship between CSR and EM in Vietnam using the Kinder, Lydenberg, Domini (KLD) scale on five aspects: community, diversity, employees, environment, and products. The results show that in the economic context of Vietnam, for the enterprises in the consumer goods and consumer services industries, those firms with higher CSR scores are more likely to engage in EM. This finding provides additional evidence on the relation between CSR and EM and contributes to streams of studies on earnings and CSR.
Clinical efficacy of various regimens of systemic glucocorticoids therapy in COVID-19 patients
Authors: Voloshin N. I. , Salukhov V. V. , Minakov A. A. , Prokhorova M. O. , Belyakova T. A. , Kochukova V. V.
Published: May 2024

Introduction. Systemic glucocorticoids have been successfully used in the treatment of patients with moderate to severe COVID-19. However, the best clinical efficacy dosage regimen and duration of glucocorticoid usage is remained unclear.

Aim. To evaluate the results of using different regimens of systemic glucocorticoid therapy in the treatment of patients with moderate and severe COVID-19.

Materials and methods. The results of a retrospective study of medical papers of 200 patients who had moderate to severe COVID-19 in the period from May 2020 to December 2021 are presented. The inclusion criterion was the use different regimens of doses and durations systemic glucocorticoid therapy in these patients without the use blockers of Janus kinases. and genetically engineered biological drugs. Clinical effectiveness was assessed by the severity and sufficiency of the anti-inflammatory effect, the frequency and nature of side effects of this therapy.

Results. The regimen of glucocorticoids at a dose equivalent to 6 mg/day of dexamethasone for 7 days demonstrated the greatest clinical effectiveness: it significantly reduced C-reactive protein, hematological inflammatory indices,% lung tissue damage, minimally affecting carbohydrate metabolism and hemostasis. Glucocorticoid therapy equivalent to 20 mg/day of dexamethasone for more than 7 days and pulse-therapy for 3 days demonstrated significantly lower clinical effectiveness.

Conclusions. In patients with moderate to severe COVID-19, it is reasonable to use a dose of glucocorticoid equivalent to 6 mg/day of dexamethasone for 7 to 10 days, or equivalent to 20 mg/day for no more than 7 days. The use of pulse therapy and the use of glucocorticoids at a dose equivalent to ≥ 20 mg/day of dexamethasone for a duration of 7 days are not recommended. To assess the dynamics of inflammation and monitor the effectiveness of glucorticoid therapy, in addition to routine markers of inflammation, it is recommended to use hematological inflammatory indices.
Substantiation of pharmacological correction of the condition of the ocular surface in postcovid syndrome
Authors: Kintyukhina N. P. , Safonova T. N. , Zaitseva G. V.
Published: May 2024

Introduction. Oxidative stress is a factor in the pathogenesis of postcovid microcirculatory conjunctival disorders. Antioxidant protection preparations are represented by vitamin and mineral complexes and drops that protect cells from free radical oxidation. These include taurine, the active ingredient of which is taurine.

Aim. To evaluate the effectiveness of the effect on the state of the microcirculatory bed of the conjunctiva and the reparative properties of the drug taurine in postcovid syndrome.

Material and methods. The study included 41 patients (82 eyes), in the postcovid period (more than 12 months after the coronavirus infection), divided into 2 groups. The examination consisted of: clinical examination, functional tests (Schirmer test, Norn test, vital dye tests), laser Doppler flowmetry. Treatment: instillation of 0.1% hyaluronic acid, dexpanthenol. Group 1 patients additionally received 4% taurine 3 times a day.

Results and discussion. The effectiveness of therapy was evaluated after 1, 3 and 6 months. The condition of the cornea was monitored weekly for a month. Results: improvement of clinical and functional (decrease in OSDI index, reduction of conjunctival hyperemia, restoration of corneal epithelium) and instrumental indicators (increase in blood flow velocity in vessels of bulbar conjunctiva) in group 1 patients was established after 1 week and 1 month, with preservation of results by 6 months; in patients of group 2 (with less pronounced dynamics) – after 2 weeks and 3 months and moderate suppression of the intensity of the functioning of the regulatory systems of microcirculation by the 6th month of follow-up. Conclusions: due to the cytoprotective and reparative effect on the ocular surface, improvement of the main indicators of microcirculation, the drug can be recommended for use in patients with impaired microcirculation of the conjunctiva and the presence of corneal epitheliopathy in postcovid syndrome.
Comorbidity of rheumatoid arthritis and periodontal diseases
Authors: Trukhan D. I. , Sulimov A. F. , Trukhan L. Yu.
Published: May 2024

A growing body of evidence suggests that periodontal pathology, accompanied by oral inflammation and pathological changes in the oral microbiome, induces changes in the gut microbiome (oral-gut axis) and is involved in the pathogenesis of systemic diseases. This review focuses on the published literature, with an emphasis on the last decade, assessing whether periodontal disease, primarily periodontitis, and periodontopathic bacteria are risk factors for the development of rheumatoid arthritis. The review examines the bilateral connections between rheumatoid arthritis and periodontal pathology, and highlights the main links in this connection. Porphyromonas gingivalis and other periodontopathic bacteria may contribute to the development of inflammatory diseases by remodeling the normally benign gut microbiota into a dysbiotic one. Porphyromonas gingivalis expresses endogenous citrullinated proteins and its own unique bacterial enzyme, peptidyl arginine deminase, leading to the formation of cyclic citrullinated peptide autoantibodies and impaired immunotolerance in susceptible patients. to rheumatoid arthritis. Results from clinical studies suggest that people with periodontitis and Porphyromonas gingivalis infection are at risk of developing rheumatoid arthritis, supporting findings from experimental studies. Non-surgical periodontal treatment is likely effective in controlling rheumatoid arthritis by reducing disease activity (primarily DAS28 and ESR). These observations highlight the importance of periodontal health and the need for prevention and early treatment of periodontitis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
Latent mastoiditis (literature review)
Authors: Dubinets I. D. , Sinitskii A. I. , Kudrina I. D. , Mezhakova D. A. , Koroleva A. N. , Fastakovskaya K. S.
Published: May 2024

Introduction. Mastoiditis is an extracranial complication of acute or chronic purulent otitis media, leading to periostitis or osteitis of the mastoid process, accompanied by obvious symptoms and requiring urgent surgical treatment. Latent mastoiditis is defined as a stage of local inflammation due to acute otitis media, without an obvious clinical picture of progressive destruction of the bone cells of the mastoid process. Recently, there has been a trend towards an increase in indolent forms of mastoiditis. The use of systemic antibiotic therapy for the treatment of acute otitis media complicates timely diagnosis and contributes to the chronicity of inflammation in the structures of the temporal bone. Making a diagnosis of latent mastoiditis requires vigilance from outpatient clinicians and the use of objective imaging methods due to the risk of developing intracranial complications.

Aim. Conduct a review of literature sources to determine diagnostic criteria for the formation of latent mastoiditis in outpatient patients.

Materials and methods. A search was carried out for articles from public databases using the query: “latent mastoiditis”, including data from literary sources whose authors made a significant contribution to the development of otorhinolaryngology. Summary data of the literature review, including both original studies and descriptions of clinical cases, identifying the main causes of the formation of latent mastoiditis and its clinical symptoms.

Results and discussion. Local inflammation of the mastoid process, due to acute otitis media, has a progressive course of chronic sluggish inflammation of the bone structures of the temporal bone. Diagnosis of latent mastoiditis causes difficulties for practical healthcare doctors due to subtle clinical manifestations, and therefore it is necessary to determine the indications for referral to computed tomography.

Conclusion. The medical and social significance of latent mastoiditis is that it has an unfavorable not only functional, but sometimes life prognosis, as it can cause the development of intracranial complications.
Pharmacological action of epoetin beta in the treatment of anemia in patients with kidney diseases
Authors: Shormanov I. S. , Zhigalov S. A. , Soloviev A. S. , Bazhina О. V.
Published: May 2024

Chronic kidney disease is becoming one of the leading causes of death globally. Anemia, a common complication in chronic kidney disease, not only diminishes patients’ life quality but also increases the risk of heart-related problems. The use of recombinant human erythropoietin has revolutionized the treatment of anemia in chronic kidney disease patients. By reaching the desired levels of hemoglobin with recombinant human erythropoietin, patients experience significant improvements in life quality and a decrease in death rates. Epoetin beta is among the various erythropoiesis stimulating agents available in the market. Research indicates that weekly doses of epoetin beta are as effective as three weekly doses of epoietin alpha for reaching hemoglobin goals in patients undergoing renal replacement therapy. This not only enhances patients’ adherence to the treatment but also cuts down on the time and costs associated with managing renal anemia, thus allowing for a therapy that is more tailored to patient needs. On the one hand, this improves patients’ adherence to the treatment. On the other hand, the time and cost burden in the management of renal anemia is decreased due to reduction in recombinant human erythropoietin prescribing rates, which eventually makes it possible to better tailor therapy to the patients’ needs. The proven efficacy and safety profile of epoetin beta combined with the increased convenience of less frequent dosing, make epoetin beta a safe and effective treatment option that can help more patients with chronic kidney disease to reach their target hemoglobin levels.
Therapeutic combination of "keys" to target low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level
Authors: Kashtalap V. V. , Sedykh D. Yu.
Published: May 2024

This article updates the continuing high prevalence of lipid metabolism disorders and their connection with the development of cardiovascular pathology associated with atherosclerosis. Attention is focused on the existing lack of adherence to the correction of dyslipidemia, both on the part of patients and medical workers, as well as the problem of failure to achieve target levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol with standard statin treatment. The evolution of modern therapy for lipid metabolism disorders is shown and the feasibility of early initiation of combination treatment in patients with very high and high cardiovascular risk in the presence of severe dyslipidemia is substantiated, and possible treatment strategies existing in current recommendations are outlined. In the presented work, using the example of an outpatient 54 years old after undergoing stenting of the coronary arteries, who has a very high cardiovascular risk (established diagnoses of coronary heart disease, post-infarction cardiosclerosis, hypertension) with failure to achieve the target level of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol of less than 1.4 mmol/l The therapeutic effectiveness of a double combination – an inhibitor of cholesterol absorption in the intestine – ezetimibe at a dose of 10 mg with a statin at the maximum tolerated dosage was demonstrated. It has been shown that the proposed combined lipid-lowering treatment is clinically and laboratory safe. Arguments in favor of starting combination treatment in this clinical case include not only the failure to achieve the target value of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol on high-intensity statin monotherapy as part of secondary prevention and possible familial hypercholesterolemia, but also a hereditary history of cardiovascular pathology, early onset of cardiovascular diseases in patient.
Influence of insomnia and its correction on the emotional state of post-stroke patients
Authors: Akavov A. N. , Korabelnikova E. A. , Umakhanova Z. R. , Baranov M. L. , Mollaeva N. R.
Published: May 2024

Introduction. Stroke is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in various populations. Sleep disturbances are common in patients who have suffered an acute cerebral circulatory disorder, complicating the recovery of motor functions, worsening the emotional state and being associated with poorer health and quality of life in general.

Aim. To investigate the impact of sleep disturbance on the emotional state of stroke patients.

Materials and methods. The study included 100 people who were divided into two groups. 50 patients who had suffered an acute cerebral circulatory disorder and who suffered from insomnia formed the main group, which was divided into 2 subgroups. MG1 – main subgroup 1 (26 people), who received a course of short-term (5 sessions) cognitive-behavioural therapy for insomnia in combination with the drug Valocordin-Doxylamine 25 mg as part of complex therapy. – MG2 main subgroup 2 (24 people), who received only standard treatment of the main disease. Patients in the comparison group who underwent acute cerebral circulatory disorder without concomitant insomnia (CG, 50 people) also received only standard treatment for the primary condition. In addition to clinical examination, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Questionnaire (PSQI) and the Insomnia Severity Scale (ISI) were used to assess patients.

Results. Initially, the main group had a statistically significant higher level of depression (clinically expressed depression) than the comparison group (subclinically expressed depression) (U = 54.6; p = 0.012). As a result of treatment in main subgroup 1, where insomnia was corrected, there was not only an improvement in sleep (median PSQI score before treatment 8 (6; 10) and after treatment 5 (5; 6), p = 0.022), but also a reduction in depression (HADS-D score before treatment 12 (10; 14) and after treatment 12 (10; 14)): 12 (10; 14) and post-treatment – 5 (4; 6), p = 0.022) and anxiety (HADS-A pre-treatment: 9 (7; 10) and post-treatment – 5 (4; 6), p = 0.013). In the main subgroup 2, where insomnia was not corrected, there was no improvement in sleep (PSQI before treatment 8 (6; 11) and after treatment 8 (7; 10), p = 0.433), depression (HADS-D before treatment: 9 (8; 11) and after treatment – 8 (6; 9), p = 0.171) and anxiety (HADS-A before treatment: 9 (6; 10) and after treatment – 8 (6; 9), p = 0.064) were less pronounced than in the main subgroup 1 and the comparison group (HADS-D: H (2, N = 100) = 25.73829, p = 0.016; HADS-A: H (2, N = 100) = 28.42621, p = 0.004).

Conclusion. Complex therapy for stroke patients suffering from insomnia, including drug and non-drug methods of insomnia correction, increases the effectiveness of treatment by not only improving the quality of sleep, but also reducing the severity of anxiety and depression.
Emotional disturbances in postcovid syndrome structure
Authors: Mikheeva A. G. , Topuzova M. P. , Mikheeva M. G. , Alekseeva T. M. , Karonova T. L.
Published: May 2024

In this article emotional disturbances developing in the postcovid period, their features and risk factors are reviewed, as well as sleep disorders after coronavirus infection (COVID-19). The nervous system (NS) is one of the SARS-CoV-2 main targets, which is confirmed by hypo-/anosmia, which develops in most patients during the acute period of COVID-19, and in some patients it is the first symptom. Currently, the main direct routes of coronavirus impact on the NS are considered to be hematogenous and neuronal. In addition, there is an immune-mediated effect on the NS due to the cytokine storm. After an acute period of coronavirus infection postcovoid syndrome often develops. Neurological manifestations, in particular emotional disorders, occupy a significant place in its structure. Depression, anxiety, fatigue, as well as sleep disorders bother patients most often. In dynamics, the severity of most symptoms in a certain part of patients decreases, however, according to some studies, postcovid manifestations persist or worsen for a long time. Currently, female gender and psychiatric comorbidity are most often considered risk factors for the development of postcovid emotional disorders. Despite the fact that the pandemic is officially considered over, and the acute period of COVID-19 is currently much easier than in 2020–2021, internists and neurologists are still treated by patients with newly emerged emotional disorders in the postcovid period, which underlines the continuing relevance of this problem. It is worth noting that emotional disorders in the postcovid period can develop in patients of all age groups, reducing their quality of life and workability. Public awareness, early diagnosis and initiation of treatment of these disorders will help to avoid global consequences.
A smart device for smart self-monitoring of glycemia in patients with diabetes
Authors: Zanozina O. V. , Sorokina Yu. A. , Taradayko N. Yu. , Sukhanov S. A. , Aksenova T. S.
Published: May 2024

Systemic vascular complications of diabetes mellitus (nephropathy, retinopathy, injuries to the great vessels of the heart, brain, arteries of the lower extremities) have been proven to lead to early disability and premature death of patients. The annual economic costs of T2DM and associated cardiovascular complications account for at least 1% of GDP. According to the principles of therapeutic management of diabetes mellitus, patient education is viewed as an integrated component of the treatment process. It should provide patients with knowledge and skills that contribute to achieving specific therapeutic goals (disease self-management). Self-monitoring of blood glucose training is a priority objective in the treatment of patients with diabetes. It is self-monitoring of glycemia that is the most important criterion for selecting therapy, compared with the glycemia testing in an outpatient clinic or hospital settings. Modern glucometers provide an option for remote monitoring of glycemia and timely delivering of consultations using a mobile application. Thus, Contour Plus One glucometer with the Russian-language application Contour Diabitis records the blood glucose readings following each test. If low or high glycaemic levels are detected, the application will show a notification and offer the patient options for actions. Quick recognizing out-of-range lab results motivates patients and helps them understand why changes in therapy are required. Immediate notifications shown on the smartphone screen improve motivation to act and respond to the situation. The glucometer system with a mobile application allows to promptly manage glycemia, increase patient’s commitment to active disease management, achieve treatment goals using innovative technologies, and therefore actively manage the course of diabetes mellitus.
Relationship of neurospecific proteins with neuroimaging and cognitive disorders in patients with obstructive sleep apnea
Authors: Rubina S. S. , Chichanovskaia L. V. , Makarova I. I. , Yusufov A. A. , Slyusar N. N.
Published: May 2024

Aim. To evaluate the relationship of neurospecific proteins with neuroimaging and cognitive impairment in patients with OSA.

Materials and methods. 65 patients were examined. Two groups of patients were distinguished: the main group – with moderate and severe OSA, the control group – without OSA. The subjects underwent anthropometry, polysomnography, magnetic resonance imaging of the brain (MRI GM), assessment of cognitive impairment. Glial fibrillar acidic protein (GFAP), antibodies to the NR2 subunit of NMDA (AT to GRIN2A), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) were studied by enzyme immunoassay.

Results. The majority of patients with apnea were found to have pre-dementia disorders on the MMSE scale, leukoareosis, subcortical gliosis, and subarachnoid space (SP) expansion according to GMRI with a body mass index of more than 38 kg/ m2 and a neck volume of more than 45 cm. The sizes of the bodies of the lateral ventricles and 3th ventricle in patients with apnea were larger than the age hole. GFAP and BDNF levels were significantly higher in patients in the main group. Negative correlations were established between the average level of BDNF content and SP expansion and between BDNF and the body index of the lateral ventricles.

Conclusion. The neuromarker GFAP has shown itself to be a predictor of nervous system damage in patients with OSA. The most representative marker of neuroplasticity in sleep apnea patients is BDNF. Despite the high chances of its increase in patients with OSA, this does not compensate for the chances of pre-dementia cognitive impairment. According to MRI GM in patients with OSA, along with vascular lesions (leukoareosis, subcortical gliosis) atrophic changes are detected.
A case of granulomatos is with polyangiitis (Wegener’s) after a patient’s suffering from a new coronavirus infection COVID-19
Authors: Balaganskaya M. A. , Galkina S. N. , Teteneva A. V. , Starovoytova E. A. , Kirillova N. A. , Sorokina T. V. , Kolesnik N. Yu. , Sergeeva K. S. , Zagromova T. A. , Fedosenko S. V.
Published: May 2024

After infection of the new coronavirus infection (NCI) COVID-19 of the patients, the development of long-term consequences can not be excluded and it is correlated not only with severe forms of the disease NCI COVID-19, but also with moderate and mild forms of th is pathology. Patients with rheumatic diseases that suffered from new coronavirus infection (NCI) COVID-19 are often encountered in doctors’ outpatient and inpatient practice. NCI can lead to an exacerbation of an existing rheumatic disease and can also be a trigger factor for autoimmune changes and the debut of a rheumatic disease. Th is article presents a clinical case of granulomatos is with polyangiitis (Wegener’s) of a patient after suffering from NCI COVID-19. The diversity of th is pathology makes its timely diagnostics quite a difficult task, oncological and septic processes, tuberculos is and rheumatological disease were excluded for a long time. Th   is   article reviews a long period of observation of the patient – the use of various diagnostic methods to verify the diagnosis, consultations with various specialists for differential diagnosis, and repeated changes in treatment due to periodic deterioration of the patient’s condition. Th is clinical case is a reminder to doctors, that it is extremely important to fully examine the patient and analyze the dynamics of symptoms during the therapy in details, that can highly increase the chances of earlier diagnos is of such diseases. In addition, a significant factor of improving the quality of provided medical care is the continuous education of each attending physician in order to develop interdisciplinary competencies.
In the article “Clinical course of infant colic during treatment with monoand multiprobiotics”
Authors: Novikova V. P. , Magamedova D. M. , Blinov A. E. , Varlamova O. N.
Published: May 2024

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Assessment of reliable wave climate at jetty on open coasts: role of 2D spatio-temporal spectrum
Authors: Basu Animesh , Purohit Anil Anant , Chavan Kumar Ashok
Published: May 2024

The development of coastal roads and bridges is important to overcome traffic congestion in densely populated coastal cities like Mumbai. In the present study, the importance of assessment of wave conditions required for the extension of jetties to facilitate the transportation of bridge components to build the sea link bridge during non-monsoon season is envisaged so that zero downtime for operability at jetties is ascertained. A coupled hydrodynamic spectral wave model (Telemac-2D and TOMAWAC) used to hindcast waves reveals that the application of spatio-temporally varying 2D directional spectrum (from ERA-5) over the offshore boundary as a forcing function helps in propagation of a realistic wave climate of Mahim Bay, Mumbai. Coupling of the TOMAWAC-ARTEMIS model is essential to obtain reliable wave conditions near the jetties (nearshore) for predominant directions. The study reveals that under existing conditions, downtime at proposed jetties will be for 30 days wherein Hs ≥ 0.3 m. To achieve zero downtime, the existing bund on the seaward side of jetties was extended optimally (70 m) so that smooth operability for the entire non-monsoon is achieved. Thus, application of spatio-temporally varying 2D spectrum in optimising the length of the guide bund has been found promising for speedy transportation of proposed bridge components. The study also reveals that there is an insignificant climatological impact on wave conditions.
The feasibility and applicability of sequential extraction of high value-added biogenic materials from sewage sludge
Authors: Li Chen , Liu Jing , Lou Guanchen , Yu Chuning
Published: May 2024

The sequential extraction routes of biogenic materials from sewage sludge (SS) were investigated. Physical methods (ultrasound, heating) and chemical methods (sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate) were used to extract extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and alginate-like extracellular polymers (ALEs) from SS. The residues after extraction were further subjected to physical methods (heating) and chemical methods (sulfuric acid, sodium hydroxide) for protein extraction. A comparison was made between sequential extraction routes and direct extraction of biomaterials from sludge in terms of extraction quantity, material properties, and applicability. The results showed that sequential extraction of biomaterials is feasible. The highest extraction quantities were obtained when using sodium carbonate for EPS and ALE extraction and sodium hydroxide for protein, reaching 449.80 mg/gVSS, 109.78 mg/gVSS, and 5447.08 mg/L, respectively. Sequential extraction procedures facilitate the extraction of biomaterials. Finally, suitable extraction methods for different application scenarios were analyzed.