bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Thiosemicarbazides: Updates on Antivirals Strategy
Authors: Moharana Alok Kumar , Dash Rudra Narayan , Subudhi Bharat Bhusan
Published: August 2020

The challenges of viral infection have increased in recent decades due to the emergence of resistance, cross-resistance and drying up of antiviral drug discovery. Many neglected tropical viruses including the chikungunya virus, dengue virus & Japanese encephalitis virus have gradually become global pathogens. This has further increased the burden of viral infection which necessitates the continuous development of antiviral therapy. The antiviral chemistry began with the development of thiosemicarbazide derived thiosemicarbazones as antiviral. Although very few thiosemicarbazides have progressed into clinical application, it still inspires antiviral development. During last 3 decades (1990- 2020), several efforts have been made to develop suitable antiviral by using thiosemicarbazide scaffold. Its hybridization with other pharmacophores has been used as a strategy to enhance safety and efficacy. Cyclization and substitution of thiosemicarbazides have also been used to develop potent antiviral. With the ability to form coordinate bonds, thiosemicarbazides have been used either as metal complex or chelator against viruses. This work is an attempt to systematically review the research on the use of thiosemicarbazides as an antiviral scaffold. It also reviews the structure-activity relationship and translational suitability of thiosemicarbazide derived compounds.
The Potential of Milk-Derived Exosomes for Drug Delivery
Authors: Li Shuyuan , Tang Yue , Dou Yushun
Published: August 2020

Background:

Exosomes, one of the extracellular vesicles, are widely present in all biological
fluids and play an important role in intercellular communication. Due to their hydrophobic lipid bilayer
and aqueous hydrophilic core structure, they are considered a possible alternative to liposome drug delivery
systems. Not only do they protect the cargo like liposomes during delivery, but they are also less
toxic and better tolerated. However, due to the lack of sources and methods for obtaining enough
exosomes, the therapeutic application of exosomes as drug carriers is limited.

Methods:

A literature search was performed using the ScienceDirect and PubMed electronic databases
to obtain information from published literature on milk exosomes related to drug delivery.

Results:

Here, we briefly reviewed the current knowledge of exosomes, expounded the advantages of
milk-derived exosomes over other delivery vectors, including higher yield, the oral delivery characteristic
and additional therapeutic benefits. The purification and drug loading methods of milk exosomes, and
the current application of milk exosomes were also introduced.

Conclusion:

The emergence of milk-derived exosomes is expected to break through the limitations of
exosomes as therapeutic carriers of drugs. We hope to raise awareness of the therapeutic potential of
milk-derived exosomes as a new drug delivery system.
Risks Associated with Vortioxetine in the Established Therapeutic Indication
Authors: Verma Akansha , Kumar Anoop
Published: August 2020

Background:

Vortioxetine is approved for the treatment of Major Depressive Disorder
(MDD). However, the safety of this drug in a large group of populations is still unclear. Thus, we
have tried to analyze the risk profile of vortioxetine.

Material and Methods:

The data related to the risk profile of vortioxetine has been extracted from
Pub-Med from January 2014 to May 2019. The adverse drug reactions (ADRs) have been categorized
into listed and unlisted categories as per the Summary of product characteristics (SmPC) of
the innovator. Further, unlisted ADRs have been analyzed as per Naranjo Scale.

Results:

Galactorrhea, hyperprolactinemia, glycolimia, exacerbation of anxiety, weight gain, edema,
excessive itching, petechiae, and ecchymoses have been observed with the use of vortioxetine
and falls under the unlisted category. Further, the causality assessment results have shown a probable
relation between vortioxetine and galactorrhea, hyperprolactinemia, edema, excessive itching,
ecchymoses, and petechiae. Weight gain, glycolimia and exacerbation of anxiety have a possible relationship
with vortioxetine. The common ADRs observed with the use of vortioxetine are nausea,
diarrhea, constipation, vomiting, pruritus, including pruritus generalized, abnormal dreams, and
dizziness.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, more data is required to establish a strong relationship between vortioxetine
and reported unlisted ADRs.
Withdrawal Notice: Anti-cancer Effect of Urginea Maritima Bulb Extract In Vitro through Cell Cycle Arrest and Induction of Apoptosis in Human Breast Cancer Cell Lines
Authors: Saket Khadije , Salari Roshanak , Saburi Ehsan , Yousefi Mahdi , Khodadoust Mohammad Ali , Hadi Mahdieh , afshari Jalil Tavakol
Published: August 2020

The article has been withdrawn by agreement between the editors and publisher of Current Drug Discovery Technologies. The
authors are not responding to the editor’s requests to provide the language-edited version.

Bentham Science apologizes to the readers of the journal for any inconvenience this may have caused.

The Bentham Editorial Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at https://benthamscience.com/editorial-policies-main.php

Bentham Science Disclaimer:

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Theoretical Study of Adsorption of Solriamfetol Drug on Surface of the B12N12 Fullerene: A DFT/TD-DFT Approach
Authors: Yahyaei Hooriye , Sharifi Shamsa , Shahab Siyamak , Sheikhi Masoome , Ahmadianarog Mahin
Published: August 2020

For the first time in the present study, we studied the adsorption effect of the Solriamfetol
(SOF) on the electronic and optical properties of B12N12 fullerene using density functional theory
(DFT) and time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) calculations with the M062X/6-
311++G(d,p) level of theory in the solvent water. The calculated adsorption energies of SOF drug with
the B12N12 fullerene were computed at T= 298.15 K with the M062X functional. The UV/Vis absorption
spectra were computed and investigated for the study of the significant changes in interactions between
SOF and B12N12 fullerene. The IR spectra were also calculated and investigated. The calculated
results indicate that the adsorption of the SOF drug from its internal NH2 group on the B12N12 fullerene
(configuration B) has the most chemical stability rather than configuration A and C. According to the
NBO results, the SOF molecule and B12N12 fullerene are identified as both electrons donor and acceptor
at the complexes B12N12-SOF. On the other hand, the charge transfer occurs between the bonding,
anti-bonding, or nonbonding orbitals in the SOF drug and B12N12 fullerene. It is found that the applied
B12N12 fullerene can be suitable as a drug carrier for the delivery of SOF as a drug for the treatment of
excessive sleepiness.
In Silico Based Structural and Fingerprint Analysis of Structurally Diverse AT1 inhibitors
Authors: Moorthy Narayana Subbiah Hari Narayana
Published: August 2020

Background and Objective:

The development of pharmacologically active molecules
for the treatment of hypertension and other cardiovascular diseases are important nowadays. In the
present investigation, computational techniques have been implemented on Angiotensin II Type 1
(AT1) antagonists to develop better predictive models.

Methods:

Quantitative Structure Activity Relationship (QSAR) and structural patterns/fragments
analyses were performed using physicochemical descriptors and MACCS Fingerprints calculaced
from AT1 inhibitors collected from the literature.

Results:

The significant models developed have been validated by Leave One Out (LOO) and test
set methods, which exhibit considerable Q2 values (>0.65 for the training set and >0.5 for the test
set) and the R2pred values for the models are also >0.5. The applicability of the contributed descriptors
in these models revealed that the chlorine atom, dipole moment, hydrogen bond donor atoms
and electrostatic potential are negatively contributing, and the presence of bond between
heavy atoms and the carbon atom connected with small side chain and topological polar vdW surface
area are favorable for the AT1 antagonistic activity. The MACCS Fingerprints showed that the
presence of atoms (kind of heavy atoms), such as N, O, and S, connected with other heteroatoms or carbon
or any other atoms, through single or double bonds are predominantly present in highly active molecules.
The presence of halogens, long chain alkanes, halogenated alkanes, and sulfur atoms attached with
nitrogen through any atoms are responsible for decreased AT1 antagonistic activity.

Conclusion:

The results have provided additional information on the structural patterns of the
compounds based on its MACCS Fingerprints, which may be used for further characterization and
design of novel AT1 inhibitors.
Electrochemiluminescence Sensors based on Lanthanide Nanomaterials as Modifiers
Authors: Mohammad Beigia Sepideh , Mesgari Fazeleh , Hossein Morteza , Dastan Davoud , Xu Guobao
Published: August 2020

Background: The rapid and increasing use of the nanomaterials in the development of electrochemiluminescence (ECL) sensors is a significant area of study for its massive potential in the practical application of nanosensor fabrication. Recently, nanomaterials (NMs) have been widely applied in vast majority of ECL studies to remarkably amplify signals owing to their excellent conductivity, large surface area and sometimes catalytic activity. Lanthanides, as f-block-based elements, possess remarkable chemical and physical properties. This review covers the use of lanthanide NMs, focusing on their use in ECL for signal amplification in sensing applications.
 Methods: We present the recent advances in ECL nanomaterials including lanthanides NMs with a particular emphasis on Ce, Sm, Eu and Yb. We introduce their properties along with applications in different ECL sensors. A major focus is placed upon numerous research strategies for addressing the signal amplification with lanthanide NMs in ECL.
 Results: Lanthanide NMs as the amplification element can provide an ideal ECL platform for enhancing the signal of a sensor due to their chemical and physical properties. Function of lanthanide NMs on signal amplification remarkably depend on their large surface area to load sufficient signal molecules, high conductivity to promote electron-transfer reaction.
 Conclusion: ECL as a powerful analytical technique has been widely used in various aspects. As the development of the nanotechnology and nanoscience, lanthanide nanomaterials have shown the remarkable advantages in analytical applications due to their significant physical and chemical properties. We predict that in the future, the demand for ECL sensors will be high due to their potential in a diverse range of applications. Also, we expect the research in nanomaterial-based sensors will still continue intensively and eventually become effectively routine analysis tools that could meet various challenges.
Beyond the Obvious: Smoking and Respiratory Infection Implications on Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Wadhwa Ridhima , Paudel Keshav Raj , Mehta Meenu , Shukla Shakti D. , Sunkara Krishna , Prasher Parteek , Panth Nisha , Goyal Rohit , Chellappan Dinesh Kumar , Gupta Gaurav , Hansbro Philip M. , Aljabali Alaa A.A. , Tambuwala Murtaza M. , Dua Kamal
Published: August 2020

Tobacco smoke is not only a leading cause for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cardiovascular disorders, and lung and oral cancers, but also causes neurological disorders such as Alzheimer ’s disease. Tobacco smoke consists of more than 4500 toxic chemicals, which form free radicals and can cross blood-brain barrier resulting in oxidative stress, an extracellular amyloid plaque from the aggregation of amyloid β (Aβ) peptide deposition in the brain. Further, respiratory infections such as Chlamydia pneumoniae, respiratory syncytial virus have also been involved in the induction and development of the disease. The necessary information collated on this review has been gathered from various literature published from 1995 to 2019. The review article sheds light on the role of smoking and respiratory infections in causing oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, resulting in Alzheimer's disease (AD). This review will be of interest to scientists and researchers from biological and medical science disciplines, including microbiology, pharmaceutical sciences and the translational researchers, etc. The increasing understanding of the relationship between chronic lung disease and neurological disease is two-fold. First, this would help to identify the risk factors and possible therapeutic interventions to reduce the development and progression of both diseases. Second, this would help to reduce the probable risk of development of AD in the population prone to chronic lung diseases.
Curbing the COVID-19 Pandemic in South Africa: Taking Firmer, Aggressive Measures and Discarding Fallacy Theories
Authors: T. Goon Daniel , Okafor Uchenna B.
Published: August 2020

The ravaging Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) pandemic is nearly halting global activities. Disturbingly, many countries fear and continue to battle how to combat the epidemic amidst several contextual challenges. In South Africa, amidst other measures, would the ‘lockdown’ approach help curb the trend of COVID-19? What fallacy are theories spreading against facts about COVID-19? Worried by the rising cases of COVID-19, the government proposed a ‘locked down’ approach. As of 02 June 2020, COVID-19 cases in South Africa rose to 35812, with 755 deaths recorded. There is a tendency for young people to defy rules.Young people should take the lockdown seriously and discard the unfounded theories or rumors about the virus. Only a collective, decisive and disciplined approach regarding the lockdown measure could reverse the upward trend of COVID-19 cases in South Africa. The collaborative efforts of the government, the private sector and the scientific community are necessary in this situation.
Mental Health and the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Call for Action
Authors: Kalcev G. , Preti A. , Orrù G. , Carta M.G.
Published: August 2020

The current COVID-19 pandemic is likely to affect the physical and mental health and the well-being of people globally. The physicians and nurses on the frontline of patients care will be among the most affected in their psychosocial well-being, being exposed to trauma consequences and burnout syndrome. It is still unknown whether the COVID-19 infection will have direct neuropsychiatric consequences. The impact of the quarantine lockdown on mental health, too, has to be taken into account. The inclusion of mental health as part of national public health response to the COVID-19 pandemic is mandatory in assisting all those in need.
Identification of Flavonoids by LC-MS/MS in Leaves Extract From Protium heptaphyllum(Aubl.) March and Antioxidant Activity in Mice
Authors: Patias Naiéle Sartori , Gindri Sinhorin Valéria Dornelles , de Moura Fernando Rafael , da Cunha Ana Paula Simóes , da Silva Lima Ritane Rose , da Costa Thaniara Barbosa , da Costa Romeu José , Cavalheiro Larissa , de Campos Bicudo Rogério , Sinhorin Adilson Paulo
Published: August 2020

Background:

Protium heptaphyllum (Aubl.) March resin is accepted as an analgesic,
healing, expectorant, anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive and gastroprotective agent. However,
there are no specific studies on leaves of this plant.

Objective:

This study identified the chemical composition and biological activity of crude ethanolic
extract (EE) and ethyl acetate (EA) fraction from P. heptaphyllum.

Methods:

Mice were intoxicated with acetaminophen (PCM; 250 mg kg-1), and subsequently treated
with EE and EA (100 mg kg-1) for 7 days via gavage. Plasma analysis and evaluation of liver
and kidney homogenates of the animals were performed.

Results:

The extract and fraction showed the presence of phenols and flavonoids. Three main
flavonoids were identified by HPLC-UV, LC-MS/MS fractionation, quercetin-3-β-D-glycoside,
myricetin and quercetin. For total antioxidant potential tests, EE presented EC50 of 75 mg kg-1 and
100 μg mL-1 for EA. ALT, AST and ALP enzymes activity increased in the PCM-exposed plasma,
but EA decreased these activities at control levels for ALT and AST. Animal glycemic levels decreased
with EE and EA, which may be due to a possible hypoglycemic effect of the plant. In the
liver tissue, SOD was unchanged, CAT, GSH and ASA decreased in the PCM group, but EA was
able to reverse these effects. TBARS and PC were reduced by both treatments. In the renal tissue,
EA fraction recovered the GST activity, GSH levels were restored by EE and EA and PC was reduced
by treatments.

Conclusion:

This antioxidant effect may be due to the presence of the flavonoids identified, which
are already well known for their antioxidant properties.
Insight on Ameliorative Role of Selenium Nanoparticles and Niacin in Wound Healing on Adult Female Albino Mice
Authors: Emam Marwa , Keshta Akaber T. , Mohamed Yasser M.A. , Attia Yasser A.
Published: August 2020

Background:

Wound healing is a complex process necessary for repairing damaged
tissues and preventing infection. Selenium nanoparticles (Se NPs) were known due to
their antioxidant and antimicrobial effects, also niacin has angiogenesis and antioxidant effects
that are important in wound healing.

Objective:

The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of Se NPs and niacin in
reducing and accelerating the wound healing time in mice.

Methods:

A simple wet chemical method has been modified to synthesize Se NPs in order to
investigate their effect and niacin on reducing the wound healing in 80 adult female albino
mice (250 mm2 full thickness open excision wound) that were divided into eight groups (10
mice/each). After 30-days, the mice were sacrificed, blood and tissue samples were taken for
analysis.

Results:

The results showed that the percentage of wound area had been significantly reduced
in Se NPs and niacin treated groups compared to the positive control. The level of
Vascular Endothelial cell Growth Factor and Collagenase I in Se NPs and niacin groups significantly
exceed those of other groups while Nitric Oxide (NO) was significantly decreased
in treated groups. Liver and kidney functions showed the lower toxicity effect of Se NPs and
niacin. Skin tissue showed the wound healing effect of Se NPs and niacin by regenerating
skin layer compared to the positive group.

Conclusion:

Se NPs and niacin play an important role in accelerating and reducing the time
of wound healing while they were antagonistic to each other.
Study of Antioxidant, Antiproliferative and DNA Damage Protecting Activities of Cinnamomum cassia Extracts Obtained by Sequential Extraction
Authors: Rad Sima Kianpour , Movafagh Abolfazl
Published: August 2020

Background:

Cinnamomum cassia (C. cassia) is an evergreen tree in China and Southern
and Eastern Asia. In traditional medicine, cinnamon is widely used due to its many bioactivity
effects.

Objective:

The present novel study aims to evaluate and make a comparison of antioxidant and antiproliferative
activities of different extractions of C. cassia bark using seven solvents having different
polarities. Solvents polarity gradients start with the solvent of lower polarity, n-hexane, and
end with water as the highest polar solvent. Among the extracts, acetone extract contains the highest
phenolic and flavonoid contents; therefore, it is assessed for the ability to protect DNA from
damage.

Methods:

The extracts are evaluated for total phenolic, flavonoid contents and antioxidant activities,
using FRAP, DPPH, superoxide, and hydroxyl and nitric oxide radicals scavenging assays.
DNA damage protecting activity of the acetone extract is studied with the comet assay. Each of the
extracts is studied for its antiproliferative effect against, MCF-7, MDA-MB-231(breast cancer), and
HT29 (colon cancer), using MTT assay.

Results:

The acetone extract exhibited the highest FRAP value, phenolic and flavonoids contents
when compared to the other extracts and could protect 45% mouse fibroblast cell line (3T3-L1)
from DNA damage at 30 μg/ml. The lowest IC50 value in DPPH, superoxide, and hydroxyl radicals
scavenging was noticed in the ethyl acetate extract. IC50 value obtained for the hexane extract was
the lowest compared to the other extracts in scavenging nitric oxide radicals. The hexane extract
showed the highest antiproliferative effect against cancer cells followed by the chloroform extract.
The ethyl acetate extract inhibited the proliferation of only MCF-7 by IC50 of 100 μg/ml, while the
other extracts exhibited no IC50 in all the cancer cells.

Conclusions:

C. cassia showed promising antioxidant and anticancer activities with significant
DNA damage protecting effect.
A Critical Review on Potential Advancements of Nanostructured Lipid Carriers in Drug Delivery
Authors: Kamble Pritam , Singh Prabha
Published: August 2020

Nanostructured Lipid Carriers (NLCs) are second generation solid lipid nanoparticles
(SLN) comprising of biocompatible solid-lipid and liquid-lipid along with an
emulsifier. It exhibits superiority over conventional colloidal delivery systems in terms of
enhanced drug loading, improved storage stability, increased biocompatibility and bioavailability,
which allows researchers to explore their utility as delivery systems for proteins
and small molecules. This review aims at discussing NLCs in-depth with regards to their
application as drug delivery vehicles. A comprehensive discussion about the structural
make-up, production techniques, and physico-chemical characterization have been elaborated
along with an emphasis on various routes of administration for NLC delivery like ocular,
pulmonary, oral, parenteral, and topical. This review also sheds light on the utility of
NLCs in the field of cosmeceutical and herbal therapies. All summarized information in
this extensive review exemplifies assurance for NLCs to be used as novel therapeutics for
multiple disorders and highlights the versatility of the carrier system in pharmaceutical
technology.
Effect of Different Dentifrices, Bleaching with 35% Hydrogen Peroxide, and Red Wine on Surface Color and Roughness of Bovine Enamel
Authors: Garcia Raíssa Manoel , Vieira-Junior Waldemir Francisco , Theobaldo Jéssica Dias , Pini Núbia Inocencya Pavesi , Ambrosano Glaucia Maria Bovi , Aguiar Flávio Henrique Baggio , Leite Lima Débora Alves Nunes
Published: August 2020

Objective:

To evaluate color and roughness of bovine enamel exposed to dentifrices,
dental bleaching with 35% hydrogen peroxide (HP), and erosion/staining by red wine.

Methods:

Bovine enamel blocks were exposed to: artificial saliva (control), Oral-B Pro-Health (stannous
fluoride with sodium fluoride, SF), Sensodyne Repair & Protect (bioactive glass, BG), Colgate
Pro-Relief (arginine and calcium carbonate, AR), or Chitodent (chitosan, CHI). After toothpaste
exposure, half (n=12) of the samples were bleached (35% HP), and the other half were not
(n=12). The color (CIE L*a* b*, ΔE), surface roughness (Ra), and scanning electron microscopy
were evaluated. Color and roughness were assessed at baseline, post-dentifrice and/or -dental
bleaching, and after red wine. The data were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) (ΔE) for
repeated measures (Ra), followed by Tukey´s test. The L*, a*, and b* values were analyzed by generalized
linear models (a=0.05).

Results:

The HP promoted an increase in Ra values; however, the SF, BG, and AR did not enable
this alteration. After red wine, all groups apart from SF (unbleached) showed increases in Ra values;
SF and AR promoted decreases in L* values; AR demonstrated higher ΔE values, differing
from the control; and CHI decreased the L* variation in the unbleached group.

Conclusion:

Dentifrices did not interfere with the bleaching efficacy of 35% HP. However, dentifrices
acted as a preventive agent against surface alteration from dental bleaching (BG, SF, and
AR) or red wine (SF). Dentifrices can decrease (CHI) or increase (AR and SF) staining by red
wine.
Medical Comorbidity in Elderly Schizophrenic Patients: A Preliminary Study in Iran
Authors: Shafti Saeed Shoja , Memarie Alireza , Rezaie Masomeh , Rahimi Behjat
Published: August 2020

Background:

While comorbidity between mental disorders and physical illnesses is the
rule rather than an exception, appraising the impact of comorbidity is challenging due to lack of
consensus about how to define and measure the concept of comorbidity.

Objective:

The aim of the present evaluation was to appraise the prevalence and features of medical
comorbidities among a group of native elderly schizophrenic patients.

Methods:

Geriatric unit of Razi psychiatric hospital was selected as the field of investigation and
168 elderly schizophrenic patients (≥65 years old), including 101 males and 67 females, who have
been hospitalized there as chronic cases, were chosen as an accessible sample, and were surveyed
with respect to existing comorbid medical disorders. Psychiatric diagnosis was based on ‘Diagnostic
and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders’, 5th edition (DSM-5), and the medical diagnosis was
based on ‘International Classification of Diseases’, 10th edition.

Results:

As shown by the results, 89% (n=151) of elderly schizophrenic patients had some kind of
registered physical co-morbidity, which was more significant than the frequency of medical comorbidities
among native senior citizens. Amongst the listed co-morbidities, falls, hypertension and
osteoarthritis were the most prevalent comorbidities with a frequency of around 48.8%, 44.6% and
39.2%, respectively. Hypertension, renal disease and malnutrition were significantly more prevalent
among male patients (p<0.0000, p<0.0045 and p< 0.0018, respectively) and hyponatremia, aspiration/
asphyxiation and seizure were meaningfully more prevalent among female patients (p<0.0075,
p<0.0000 and p<0.0009, respectively). As stated by the findings and in comparison with the native
seniors, while diabetes, renal diseases and malnutrition were significantly more frequent, coronary
artery disease, gastrointestinal disorder and osteoarthritis were significantly less frequent in the existing
sample of elderly schizophrenic patients.

Conclusion:

In comparison with the native senior people, the rate of medical comorbidities, particularly
diabetes, renal diseases and malnutrition, was significantly higher in elderly schizophrenic
patients, a significant difference, was observed regarding physical comorbidities between male and
female patients, which demands further methodical and gender-based studies for defining more
appropriate care.
A New Approach for EOQ Calculation Using Modified Opportunity Cost
Authors: Singh Juhi , Mittal Mandeep , Pareek Sarla
Published: August 2020

Introduction:

Optimal inventory levels are necessary for a firm to avoid shortage/excess of an item. Shortage of
an item leads to stock out conditions which results in loss of profit. When items are correlated with each other, stock out
condition of one item may result in non purchase of its associated items also which, in turn, further brings down the profit.
In this paper, this loss in profit is used to modify opportunity cost of an item resulting in its modified EOQ.

Method:

One illustrative example has been discussed which incorporates purchase dependencies in retail multi-item inventory management. The model discussed in this research paper will be motivational for researchers and inventory managers
and provides a method for incorporating correlation among items while managing inventory.

Result:

The EOQs of items are estimated both by using traditional method and then by using modified opportunity cost
(modeled as loss profit). Results show that in frequent item set A, B, D, EOQs of all three items increased when correlation among them is considered resulting in increase in profit.

Conclusion:

One of the major focus areas of inventory management is to determine when and how much quantity of items
needs to be ordered so that total inventory cost can be minimized and profit of a firm can be maximized. However, while
calculating the true value of an item and the profit it brings to the firm, it is very essential to analyze its effect on the sale
of other items. Asso-ciation rule mining provides a way to correlate items by calculating support and confidence factor.

Discussion:

In inventory management system, for increasing the profit of a firm, EOQs of items need to be calculated in
order to avoid shortage or excess of inventory. For explaining the approach a very small database is taken consisting of only 5 items and 10 transactions therefore the increase in profit is minimal however, when this approach applies on real database consisting of thousands of items and transactions, the increase in profit will be significant.
Door Knob Security
Authors: Kumar Mohit , Goel Kushagra , Kandpal Rakshit , Jain Sanchit , Saxena Shikha , Sharmila
Published: August 2020

Introduction:

This paper deals with research on the security of houses that are vulnerable to door locking
systems. Usually, doors are locked with keys whether computerized keys or man-made locks. But the key unlocking
system is vulnerable as keys can be lost or stolen and might be duplicated.

Method:

This methodology works using the Morse code that is delivered to the person standing outside the door to get
in. The Morse code is generated randomly from software so the code can’t be duplicated.

Result:

The project was done to accomplish the goal of security on the door lock. The student worked on the project individually with assistance from the professor, whenever necessary. The project could potentially be a group project for
two or more students, allowing each student to focus on a particular aspect of the project, such as hardware or soft-ware.

Conclusion:

Most of the documentation accessed online was missing configuration steps and all of them were using a
button to regenerate a secret code. The documents do not cover all potential issues which were addressed.

Discussion:

Artificial Intelligence will be added so that the door-knob mecha-nism will not work if anyone member is
already inside. The mechanism will be made access remotely in case the owner allows someone but the owner is not
present there at that moment.
Energy Adaptive and Max-Min based BFS Model for Route Optimization
in Sensor Network
Authors: Juneja Kapil
Published: August 2020

Background:

The restricted energy and network life is a critical issue in the real-time sensor network. The occurrence of low-energy and faulty intermediate nodes can increase communication failure. The number of intermediate
nodes affects the number of re-transmission, communication-failures, and increases the energy consumption on the routing
path. The existing protocols take the greedy decision on all possible intermediate nodes collectively by considering one or
more parameters.

Objective:

This work divides the distance between the source and destination into coverage-specific zones for restricting
the hop-count. Now each zone is processed individually and collectively for generating the energy effective and failure
preventive route.

Methods:

In this paper, the energy and coverage weighted BFS (Best First Model) algorithm is presented for route optimization in the sensor network. The max-min BFS is implied on sensor nodes of each zone and identified as the most reliable
and effective intermediate node. The individual and composite weighted rules are applied to energy and distance parameters. This new routing protocol discovered the energy-adaptive route.

Results:

The proposed model is simulated on a randomly distributed network, and the analysis is done in terms of network
life, energy consumption, hop count, and the number of route switching parameters. The comparative analysis is done
against the MCP, MT-MR, Greedy, and other state-of-art routing protocols.

Conclusion:

The comparative results validate the significance of the proposed routing protocol in terms of energy effectiveness, lesser route switching, and improved the network life.
SVM Kernel and Genetic Feature Selection Based Automated Diagnosis of Breast Cancer
Authors: Singh Indu , Garg Shashank , Arora Shivam , Arora Nikhil , Agrawal Kripali
Published: August 2020

Background:

Breast cancer is the development of a malignant tumor in the breast of human beings (especially
females). If not detected at the initial stages, it can substantially lead to an inoperable construct. It is a reason for majority
of cancer-related deaths throughout the world.

Objectives:

The main aim of our study is to diagnose the breast cancer at early stage so that required treatment can be
provided for survival. The tumor is classified as malignant or benign accurately at early stage using a novel approach that
includes an ensemble of Genetic Algorithm for feature selection and kernel selection for SVM-Classifier.

Methods:

The proposed GA-SVM (Genetic Algorithm – Support Vector Machine) algorithm in this paper optimally
selects the most appropriate features for training with the SVM classifier. Genetic Programming is used to select the
features and the kernel for the SVM classifier. Genetic Algorithm operates by exploring the optimal layout of features for
breast cancer, thus, subjugating the problems faced in exponentially immense feature space.

Results:

The proposed approach accounts for a mean accuracy of 98.82% by using the Wisconsin Diagnostic Breast
Cancer (WDBC) dataset available on UCI with the training and testing ratio being 50:50 respectively.

Conclusion:

The results prove that our proposed model outperforms the previously designed models for breast cancer
diagnosis. The outcome assures that the GA-SVM model may be used as an effective tool in assisting the doctors for
treating the patients. Alternatively, it may be utilized as an alternate opinion in their eventual diagnosis.
An Overview on COVID-19: Clinical Features, Treatment and Prevention
Authors: Wani Shahid Ud Din , Gautam Surya Prakash , Qadrie Zulfkar Latief
Published: August 2020

Background:

The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a transmissible illness produced
by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). It has now quickly expanded since
its outbreak in Wuhan City of Hubei region of China to the other parts of the world. In accordance with
the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the spread of COVID-19 emerges typically human-
to-humans through respiratory droplets within an area of 1-2 meters.

Aim and Objective:

In the present perspective, we have discussed some of the measures taken to prevent
and treat the patients suffering from COVID-19, and how to restrict further spread of COVID-19
due to SARS-CoV-2.

Results:

The general clinical properties are fever, cough, sore throat, headache, tiredness, myalgia and
difficulty in breathing. Presently no approved treatments for COVID-19, as of now, no pharmaceutical
products have been revealed to be harmless and efficient for the management of COVID-19. Various
anti-viral medicines e.g. ribavirin, lopinavir, and ritonavir have been utilized supported on the familiarity
with SARS and MERS. Many drugs and vaccines are currently being studied in clinical trials, jointly
(Solidarity trial) co-sponsored by the WHO.

Conclusion:

The use of a mask by fit people in community areas to guard against respiratory viral disease
is presently recommended by WHO. Patients must be kept in individual rooms, the rooms, surfaces
and equipment should go through standard sanitization, possibly with sodium hypochlorite. Consequently,
apart from restricting this epidemic, efforts should be made to plan wide-ranging procedures to
thwart potential outbreaks of the zoonotic sources.
Evaluation of the entrepreneurship education program through extracurricular activities of Student Company
Authors: Firmansyah Firmansyah , Rahayu Wardani , Nurjannah Nurjannah
Published: August 2020

The study was to evaluate the entrepreneurship education program through extracurricular activities of Student Company at SMKN 26 Jakarta used a modified CIPP and Kirkpatrick evaluation model. The results are as follows; 1) The context of the program has been very good to provide facilities to students of SMKN 26 Jakarta who want to develop their entrepreneurial potential at school. The vision, mission, and objectives of the entrepreneurship education program at the vocational high school able to describe the future expectations for students, especially in the field of entrepreneurship. 2) Supporting program implementation factors in the “high” category and able to support program implementation following the objectives. 3)  Implementing an entrepreneurship education program through Student Company extracurricular activities in the “middle” category. There found some discrepancies between the program plans and the implementation. 4) The level of satisfaction of students who take part in an entrepreneurial education program activities in the “middle” category. There found several complaints from students about the activities of Student Company that are not following the program plans. 5) The level of knowledge of students who take part in the Student Company extracurricular activities in the “high” category. 6) The application of entrepreneurial values in the daily activities of students who take part in the Student Company extracurricular activities in the “middle” category. 7) The level of self-efficacy of students towards entrepreneurship in the “low” category. The program of entrepreneurship education through extracurricular activities of Student Company not fully able to increase students' interest in entrepreneurship.
Comparing item parameter estimates and fit statistics of the Rasch model from three different traditions
Authors: Hayat Bahrul , Putra Muhammad Dwirifqi Kharisma , Suryadi Bambang
Published: August 2020

Rasch model is a method that has a long history in its application in the fields of social and behavioral sciences including educational measurement. Under certain circumstances, Rasch models are known as a special case of Item response theory (IRT), while IRT is equivalent to the Item Factor Analysis (IFA) models as a special case of Structural Equation Models (SEM), although there are other ‘tradition’ that consider Rasch measurement models not part of both. In this study, a simulation study was conducted to using simulated data to explain how the interrelationships between the Rasch model as a constraint version of 2-parameter logistic (2-PL) IRT, Rasch model as an item factor analysis were compared with the Rasch measurement model using Mplus, IRTPRO and WINSTEPS program, each of which came from its own 'tradition'. The results of this study indicate that Rasch models and IFA as a special case of SEM are mathematically equal, as well as the Rasch measurement model, but due to different philosophical perspectives people might vary in their understanding about this concept. Given the findings of this study, it is expected that confusion and misunderstanding between the three can be overcome.
Evaluation of the implementation of Indonesia Pintar program in vocational school
Authors: Hamdi Syukrul , Setiawan Risky , Musyadad Faridl
Published: August 2020

The study aims to evaluate a program of channeling educational fund, Program Indonesia Pintar (PIP), for vocational school (sekolah menengah kejuruan or SMK). This research was evaluation research using mix method approach. The evaluation model used was the CIPP model covering context, input, process, and product. Respondents in the study were 702 principals, 125 student’s parents, and 15853 students of the SMKs spreading across 29 out of 34 provinces in Indonesia. Data collection techniques used were analysis, survey, interview, observation, and study documentation. The instruments used were analysis sheet, questionnaire, interview guidelines, observation sheet, and the list of related documents. Data analysis techniques used were quantitative descriptive and qualitative and comparing the result with the PIP evaluation success criteria. The results show that the overall of PIP implementation runs well with details in aspects: (a) context, the PIP socialization is implemented well, the PIP objectives performance is in the very good category and can ease students’ costs in the excellent category; (b) input, the school provides particular staffs executing PIP showing the excellent category; (c) process, the targeted accuracy of most PIP students at SMK states that they follow the provisions. Based on the PIP SMK management role and function, institute has served well; (d) product, most issues reported of the PIP funds for SMK indicate that the use of the fund by students is suitable with the provision and its management. The current model of the PIP aid funds needs to be advanced, particularly with several aspects unsteady.
Um modelo para o uso de simuladores no ensino
Authors: Rafael Stahnke Fernando , Rosecler Marta
Published: August 2020

Este artigo apresenta um modelo para a implementação e uso de simuladores no processo de ensino e aprendizagem. São apresentadas definições, exemplos de simuladores e a construção do modelo, baseado em quarto pilares: metodológicos, organizacionais, tecnológicos e estruturantes
Modelo de producción de recursos educativos abiertos Soportados en lengua de señas colombiana
Authors: Alvarez Daniel Salas , Villarreal Rainer Paul , Aleman Romero Arnovis
Published: August 2020

Este trabajo describe un modelo de producción de Recursos Educativos Digitales Abiertos, soportados en el lengua de señas colombiana, para apoyar procesos de aprendizaje en personas con limitaciones auditivas. El proceso de construcción de los Recursos Educativos Digitales Abiertos, se desarrolló desde la dimensión de los objetos de aprendizaje siguiendo un modelo de producción ajustado a la ingeniería de software, pero que distingue las características específicas de personas con discapacidad auditiva, permitiendo el desarrollo de recursos, los cuales fueron publicados en un repositorio web, con características de accesibilidad. El modelo define las principales fases y actividades fundamentado en un modelo pedagógico bilingüe y articulado con un proceso de producción de software iterativo e incremental, de tal forma que permite garantizar la trazabilidad de las acciones para la producción de los objetos virtuales de aprendizaje. La experiencia de los usuarios con los recursos en el aula evidencia el apoyo significativo del uso de este tipo de estrategias educativas en el proceso de enseñanza en personas con discapacidad auditiva.
Etanolisis De Aceite De Girasol En Medio Expandido Con Co2 Catalizada Con Lipasa
Authors: Fornari Tiziana , Hernandez Elvis J. , Mabe S. Guillermo , Reglero R. Guillermo
Published: August 2020

Se llevó a cabo la etanolisis de aceite de girasol catalizada por lipasa de Pseudomonas cepacia a 40 oC usando dióxido de carbono denso como medio de reacción. En la mezcla de reacción (etanol + aceite de girasol) se disolvió 45% p/p de CO2 a 130 bar de presión. Se estudió el comportamiento cinético a través de muestreo a diferentes períodos de tiempo. Se comparó la reacción de etanolisis en medio expandido con CO2 con la reacción llevada a cabo en un recipiente cerrado herméticamente sin CO2, a presión ambiente, a la misma temperatura, la misma carga de sustratos y la misma cantidad de lipasa inmovilizada que en la primera. En ambos casos, el biocatalizador mostró similar grado de desactivación después de las respectivas reacciones etanólisis. Los datos experimentales obtenidos para las respectivas reacciones se correlacionaron utilizando un modelo cinético simplificado.
CONSTRUCCIÓN DE UN DISPOSITIVO DE BAJO COSTO COMO APOYO A PERSONAS CON DISCAPACIDAD VISUAL UTILIZANDO REALIDAD AUMENTADA.
Authors: Castaño Samir , Peinado Yeivi J. , Carmona Edilberto
Published: August 2020

El presente trabajo de investigación tiene como finalidad la creación de un dispositivo de bajo costo (ARGLASS) como apoyo a personas con discapacidad visual en la identificación de objetos dentro de una vivienda. Para el desarrollo del trabajo se estableció en primer lugar la recolección de información de las principales dificultades en términos de desplazamientos de las personas con discapacidad visual, así como una análisis de las tecnologías a utilizar, en posteriormente, se definieron los requerimientos del sistema, tanto a nivel de hardware como a nivel de software, y en la tercera fase se construyó el dispositivo y su respectiva integración con el software y finalmente se realizaron las pruebas de funcionamiento del sistema en la población objetivo.
IMPORTANCIA DE LA EVALUACIÓN DE LA DOCUMENTACIÓN ONTOLÓGICA, LA VALIDEZ DEL VOCABULARIO Y LA RIGUROSIDAD TAXONÓMICA EN LA REUTILIZACIÓN DE LAS ONTOLOGÍAS. CASO DE EJEMPLO: ONTOLOGÍAS DE BIODIVERSIDAD.
Authors: Mejia Doris , Vasquez Antonio , Vilches Luis
Published: August 2020

This article highlights the importance of ontological documentation as a key in the reuse of ontologies, focusing the biodiversity domain. The information content of the ontologies Biodiversity and Living Element was evaluated, taking into account three parameters: The ontologies documentation (semantic annotations), vocabulary validity and taxonomic riguor. It was found that the revised ontologies do not document the purpose, level of formality, scope, users, and uses of the ontology. These have very few natural language annotations for classes, properties, axioms and instances; there is low coincidence between the modeling vocabulary and the domain corpus. This analysis allows concluding that in the ontological development context is necessary more emphasis on the ontological documentation phase as a key to the reuse of ontologies
COMPOSIÇÃO FÍSICO-QUÍMICA, QUALIDADE FÍSICA E SENSORIAL
DE CHIPS DE MANDIOQUINHA-SALSA
Authors: Borges Joao , De Paula Claudia , Pirozi Monica
Published: August 2020

The arracacha (Arracacia xanthorrhiza Bancroft.) is a native culture of the Andean mountain ranges, the main types of processing the production of dehydrated mashed, flakes, flour, starch, pre-cooked, among others. The term chips is originally American and refers to thin slices of potato fried in oil or fat may be added various flavors late in the process. The aim of this work was to determine the physical and chemical composition, physical and sensory quality of fried chips of arracacha. The results showed that the root in nature has a high water content (73.51%), which together with microbiological and physical injuries, contributing to the reduction of its shelf life. However its solids content (26.4%) favored the production of fried chips, no significant changes were observed in the color parameters L * a * b * of ready compared to the raw material in nature, indicating minimal changes resulting from frying process. Although the fried chips has presented firmer texture when compared to the same product from raw materials similar in the scientific literature, this result did not influence the uptake by consumers whose scores for flavor, appearance, flavor and texture ranged 7-8, concerning hedonic terms "like moderately" and "liked" both to consumers male and female in age groups studied (10-50 years). The processing of root arracacha to obtain fried chips was promising for commercialization by their acceptance and purchase intent.