bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Combination Model of Thyrotrophin Receptor Antibody and Volumetric Orbital Apex Crowding Index as an Indicator of Dysthyroid Optic Neuropathy
Authors: Deng Zhihong , Chen Lu , Tan Jia , Wang Sha , Liu Dan , Wang Jinwei , Jiang Chengzhi , Yang Jie , Xu Bei
Published: May 2021

Background. Dysthyroid optic neuropathy (DON) is one of the most serious vision-threatening complications of thyroid eye disease (TED); however, accurate and established diagnostic tools for DON are yet lacking. The present study was aimed at identifying new diagnostic factors for the accurate diagnosis of DON. Methods. This retrospective cross-sectional study included 25 TED patients (50 eyes) with enlarged extraocular muscles, no previous anti-inflammatory therapy, and the absence of other vision-affecting diseases between May 2017 and August 2019. Baseline data, such as gender, age, ophthalmological history, thyroid disease and management, TED history including clinical features, management, and long-term results, ophthalmological examinations, serology examinations, and single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) results, were extracted. The diagnostic criteria were as follows: (1) best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) loss coexisting with either of the following—increased latency or reduction of amplitude on visual evoked potential (VEP), impaired color vision, visual field defects, contrast sensitivity impairment, and optic disk swelling—and (2)

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in CT. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses assessed the differences in age, gender, eyes, medical history, clinical activity, thyroid hormone and antibodies, uptake ratio (UR) of extraocular muscles in SPECT/CT, and volumetric orbital apex crowding index (VACI) using the generalized estimation equation. Consequently, the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) of the significant factors was constructed. Results. Univariate analysis revealed significant differences in the clinical activity, free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4), thyrotrophin receptor antibody (TRAb) levels, the UR of superior and medial rectus, and VACI between DON and TED (without DON) groups. Multivariate regression analysis revealed that TRAb and VACI were significantly different. ROC analysis showed that the univariate models of TRAb or VACI and the multivariate model were effective indicators of DON, while the multivariate model had the highest area under the ROC curve. Conclusion. A combination of TRAb and VACI is an effective indicator for DON.
Residual Symmetry, Bäcklund Transformation, and Soliton Solutions of the Higher-Order Broer-Kaup System
Authors: Xia Yarong , Yao Ruoxia , Xin Xiangpeng
Published: May 2021

Under investigation in this paper is the higher-order Broer-Kaup(HBK) system, which describes the bidirectional propagation of long waves in shallow water. Via the standard truncated Painlevé expansion method, the residual symmetry of this system is derived. By introducing an appropriate auxiliary-dependent variable, the residual symmetry is successfully localized to Lie point symmetries. Via solving the initial value problems, the finite symmetry transformations are presented. However, the solution which obtained from the residual symmetry is a special group invariant solutions. In order to find more general solution of HBK system, we further generalize the residual symmetry method to the consistent tanh expansion (CTE) method and prove that the HBK system is CTE solvable, then the resonant soliton solutions and interaction solutions among different nonlinear excitations are obtained by the CET method.
Assessment of Alamandine in Pulmonary Fibrosis and Respiratory Mechanics in Rodents
Authors: Fernandes Renata Streck , Dias Henrique Bregolin , de Souza Jaques Wynnie Amaral , Becker Tiago , Rigatto Katya
Published: May 2021

Introduction. Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is characterized by an accelerated decline in pulmonary function and has limited treatment options. Alamandine (ALA) is a recently described protective peptide of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) with essential tasks in several conditions. Our group previously demonstrated that ALA is reduced by 365% in the plasma of patients with idiopathic PF, and thus, it is plausible to believe that stimulation of this peptide could represent an important therapeutic target. In this sense, this study investigates the effects of ALA in an experimental model of PF. Materials and Methods. Bleomycin (BLM) was administrated in Wistar rats, and these fibrotic animals were treated with ALA for 14 days. Body weight, histology, respiratory, and hemodynamic parameters were analyzed to study the effects of ALA. Results. ALA treatment attenuated the development of fibrosis ([Formula: see text]), reduced respiratory system elastance ([Formula: see text]), and preserved weight gain ([Formula: see text]) in fibrotic animals without affecting the autonomic control of blood pressure and heart rate. Conclusion. The data from this study demonstrate the potential of ALA to alleviate pulmonary fibrosis and improve respiratory system mechanics in vivo. The promising results encourage more detailed investigations of the potential of ALA as a future and efficient antifibrotic.
Evidence Theory in Picture Fuzzy Set Environment
Authors: Garg Harish , Sujatha R. , Nagarajan D. , Kavikumar J. , Gwak Jeonghwan
Published: May 2021

Picture fuzzy set is the most widely used tool to handle the uncertainty with the account of three membership degrees, namely, positive, negative, and neutral such that their sum is bound up to 1. It is the generalization of the existing intuitionistic fuzzy and fuzzy sets. This paper studies the interval probability problems of the picture fuzzy sets and their belief structure. The belief function is a vital tool to represent the uncertain information in a more effective manner. On the other hand, the Dempster–Shafer theory (DST) is used to combine the independent sources of evidence with the low conflict. Keeping the advantages of these, in the present paper, we present the concept of the evidence theory for the picture fuzzy set environment using DST. Under this, we define the concept of interval probability distribution and discuss its properties. Finally, an illustrative example related to the decision-making process is employed to illustrate the application of the presented work.
[Retracted] Holographic Projection Technology in the Field of Digital Media Art
Authors: Liu Yulong , Wu Shan , Xu Qi , Liu Hubin
Published: May 2021

The advent of the digital age has given new forms and new connotations to artistic creation, and more and more digital media technologies have entered the stage of artistic creation and exhibitions. At present, holographic projection technology has become a hot application technology in the field of digital media art. The purpose of this paper is to explore the technical principles of holographic projection technology and its application in the field of digital media art, so as to provide suggestions for the application and promotion of holographic projection technology and the development and innovation of digital media art. First of all, this article understands the technical principles of holographic projection and its application status in various fields, especially in the field of digital media art, through relevant literature research. Then, this article introduces the digital holographic technology, virtual imaging technology, and computer simulation technology used in the realization of holographic projection technology. Then, based on the advantages of holographic projection technology in three‐dimensional image recording and reproduction, this paper proposes to introduce holographic projection technology to digital art museums, digital art exhibitions, and other digital media art applications and to study the effect of holographic projection technology on art through simulation experiments, the effect of recording and reproducing the image of the work. Finally, the three‐dimensional reconstruction image of the digital holographic projection experiment on the artwork is compared with the simulated image of the Contour GT profiler to verify the feasibility of applying the holographic projection technology to art exhibitions and the effect of three‐dimensional image recording and reproduction. Research shows that the holographic projection technology can achieve 93.34% of the simulation effect of recording and reproducing 3D images of artworks. It is also found that 59.86% of the audience who pay attention to the art experience strongly support the application of holographic projection technology in digital media art fields such as digital art gallery. This fully proves the feasibility of applying holographic projection technology to digital art exhibitions and provides a full range of artistic experience for audiences who cannot be present.
Flightless I Homolog Reverses Enzalutamide Resistance through PD-L1–Mediated Immune Evasion in Prostate Cancer
Authors: Ruan Hailong , Bao Lin , Tao Zhen , Chen Ke
Published: May 2021

Tumor cells can evade immune surveillance and immune killing during the emergence of endocrine therapy resistance in prostate cancer, but the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon are still unclear. Flightless I homolog (FLII) is a coregulator for transcription factors in several malignancies. Here, we have demonstrated that endocrine therapy resistance can induce an immunosuppressive prostate tumor microenvironment and immune evasion through FLII downregulation, which leads to activation of the YBX1/PD-L1 signaling pathway. FLII expression negatively correlated with expression of PD-L1 in tumors. Mechanism studies demonstrated that FLII physically interacted with YBX1 to inhibit nuclear localization of YBX1 and thereby suppress transcription of PDL1 in enzalutamide-resistant tumors. Restoration of FLII expression reversed enzalutamide resistance through activation of T-cell responses in the tumor microenvironment through inhibition of the YBX1/PD-L1 pathway. We also found that reversal of endocrine therapy resistance and immune evasion was mediated by proliferation of effector CD8+ T cells and inhibition of tumor infiltration by regulatory T cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Taken together, our results demonstrate a functional and biological interaction between endocrine therapy resistance and immune evasion mediated through the FLII/YBX1/PD-L1 cascade. Combination therapy with FLII expression and endocrine therapy may benefit patients with prostate cancer by preventing tumor immune evasion.
Subconjunctival Hemorrhage in a Child with the Blue Rubber Bleb Nevus Syndrome on Treatment with Oral Propranolol
Authors: De Loecker Karen , Labarque Veerle , Seynaeve Hilde , Casteels Ingele
Published: May 2021

Blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome (BRBNS) is a rare syndrome characterized by venous malformations of mostly skin and gastrointestinal tract. Patients present with multiple venous malformations in various organs including liver, spleen, heart, eye, and central nervous system. Few ophthalmological cases have been published in literature and at present, there are no clear guidelines on the treatment of eye hemorrhages associated with the BRBNS. We report a 3-year-old boy with the BRBNS who developed a spontaneous progressive enlarging subconjunctival hemorrhage in the left eye despite being treated with oral propranolol. The subconjunctival hemorrhage was caused by an underlying conjunctival vascular malformation. With topical treatment with timolol maleate 0.5% once a day in the affected eye, the lesion regressed completely after 4 months. This child represents the first case of the BRBNS associated with a subconjunctival progressive bleeding necessitating topical treatment despite oral propranolol effectively controlling the cutaneous lesions. We recommend ophthalmic screening of patients with BRBNS in early childhood. For patients with BRBNS-related subconjunctival vascular lesions with subsequent hemorrhage, treatment with a topical β-blocker may be an efficient and harmless treatment option.
The Dopamine Hypothesis of Autism Spectrum Disorder Revisited: Current Status and Future Prospects
Authors: Pavăl Denis , Micluția Ioana Valentina
Published: May 2021

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) comprises a group of neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by social deficits and stereotyped behaviors. Despite intensive research, its etiopathogenesis remains largely unclear. Although studies consistently reported dopaminergic anomalies, a coherent dopaminergic model of ASD was lacking until recently. In 2017, we provided a theoretical framework for a “dopamine hypothesis of ASD” which proposed that autistic behavior arises from a dysfunctional midbrain dopaminergic system. Namely, we hypothesized that malfunction of 2 critical circuits originating in the midbrain, that is, the mesocorticolimbic and nigrostriatal pathways, generates the core behavioral features of ASD. Moreover, we provided key predictions of our model along with testing means. Since then, a notable number of studies referenced our work and numerous others provided support for our model. To account for these developments, we review all these recent data and discuss their implications. Furthermore, in the light of these new insights, we further refine and reconceptualize our model, debating on the possibility that various etiologies of ASD converge upon a dysfunctional midbrain dopaminergic system. In addition, we discuss future prospects, providing new means of testing our hypothesis, as well as its limitations. Along these lines, we aimed to provide a model which, if confirmed, could provide a better understanding of the etiopathogenesis of ASD along with new therapeutic strategies.
Maintenance of the Amygdala-Hippocampal Circuit Function with Safe and Feasible Shaking Exercise Therapy in SAMP-10 Mice
Authors: Yao Runhong , Nishii Kazuhiro , Aizu Naoki , Kito Takumi , Sakai Kazuyoshi , Yamada Kouji
Published: May 2021

Introduction: Patients with dementia show reduced adaptive, behavioral, and physiological responses to environmental threats. Physical exercise is expected to delay brain aging, maintain cognitive function and, consequently, help dementia patients face threats and protect themselves skillfully. Methods: To confirm this, we aimed to investigate the effects of the shaking exercise on the avoidance function in the senescence-accelerated mouse-prone strain-10 (SAMP-10) model at the behavioral and tissue levels. SAMP-10 mice were randomized into 2 groups: a control group and a shaking group. The avoidance response (latency) of the mice was evaluated using a passive avoidance task. The degree of amygdala and hippocampal aging was evaluated based on the brain morphology. Subsequently, the association between avoidance response and the degree of amygdala-hippocampal aging was evaluated. Results: Regarding the passive avoidance task, the shaking group showed a longer latency period than the control group (p < 0.05), even and low intensity staining of ubiquitinated protein, and had a higher number of and larger neurons than those of the control group. The difference between the groups was more significant in the BA region of the amygdala and the CA1 region of the hippocampus (staining degree: p < 0.05, neuron size: p < 0.01, neuron counts: p < 0.01) than in other regions. Conclusions: The shaking exercise prevents nonfunctional protein (NFP) accumulation, neuron atrophy, and neuron loss; delays the aging of the amygdala and hippocampus; and maintains the function of the amygdala-hippocampal circuit. It thus enhances emotional processing and cognition functions, the memory of threats, the skillful confrontation of threats, and proper self-protection from danger.
Early Laparoscopic Ileal Resection for Localized Ileocecal Crohn’s Disease: Hard Sell or a Revolutionary New Norm?
Authors: Maruyama Beatriz Yuki , Ma Christopher , Panaccione Remo , Kotze Paulo Gustavo
Published: May 2021

Background: Despite reductions in surgical rates that have been observed with earlier use of biological therapy, surgery still constitutes an important tool in the therapeutic armamentarium in Crohn’s disease (CD), particularly in patients with stenotic and penetrating phenotypes. In these scenarios, early surgical intervention is recommended, as bowel damage is present and irreversible, leading to lower efficacy with biologics. Summary: The concept of early surgery in CD supposes the possible advantages of better surgical outcomes in luminal CD after initial resection. Optimal timing of surgical intervention is associated with better postoperative outcomes, whilst delays can lead to more technically difficult and extensive procedures, which may result in an increase in postoperative complication rates and higher rates of stoma formation. Furthermore, data from the LIR!C trial have demonstrated that early surgery in luminal localized inflammatory ileocecal CD is an adequate alternative to medical therapy, with lower societal costs in the long term. In this review, we discuss the position of early resection in ileocecal CD by critically reviewing available data, describing the ideal patients to be considered for early surgery, and weighing the potential advantages and disadvantages of an early surgery paradigm. Key Messages: While early surgery may not be the right choice for every patient, the ultimate decision regarding whether surgical or medical therapy should come first in the treatment paradigm must be individualized for each patient based on the disease characteristics, phenotype, risk factors, and personal preference. This highlights the importance of the multidisciplinary team, which remains a key pillar in deciding the overall management plan for patients with CD.
Effect of Transurethral Resection of the Prostate on Urodynamic Parameters in Patients with Benign Prostatic Enlargement with Upper Urinary Tract Dilatation
Authors: Sahu Subhranshu , Parmar Kalpesh , Kumar Santosh , Tyagi Shantanu , Mandal Subhajit , Devana Sudheer Kumar , Sharma Aditya Prakash , Bora Girdhar , Mavuduru Ravi Mohan
Published: May 2021

Objective: To evaluate the urodynamic outcomes of transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) in patients of benign prostatic enlargement (BPE) with upper urinary tract dilatation and correlate with International Prostate Symptoms Score (I-PSS). Methods: In this prospective study, patients of BPE with upper urinary tract dilatation from July 2017 to June 2019 were enrolled. At presentation, detailed I-PSS, ultrasonography abdomen, serum creatinine, and serum PSA were recorded. All the patients were catheterized and observed for postobstructive diuresis. At 4 weeks, repeat ultrasound and serum creatinine were recorded. Urodynamic study (UDS) was performed after ensuring sterile urine culture. Patients underwent TURP as per the standard technique. A repeat UDS was performed after 3 months, and analysis was done. Results: Forty-four patients were enrolled of which data of 37 patients were analyzed. In the filling phase of the UDS, there was a significant decrease in detrusor pressure at the end filling phase from 27 to 9.0 cm H2O after TURP. Maximum cystometric capacity and bladder compliance significantly improved at 3 months following surgery. In the voiding phase, peak flow rate showed a significant increase, postvoid residual urine volume significantly decreased, and peak detrusor pressure marginally decreased following TURP. The I-PSS decreased from 20 ± 8 to 5 ± 6 following TURP. Conclusion: High detrusor pressure and reduced compliance is a risk factor for upper urinary tract dilatation. Changes in the bladder dynamics and resolution of hydronephrosis following TURP reflected in the changes in urodynamic parameters and I-PSS.
Renal Disease in Cryoglobulinemia
Authors: Menter Thomas , Hopfer Helmut
Published: May 2021

Background: Renal disease in cryoglobulinemia is difficult to grasp and diagnose because it is rare, serological testing is challenging and prone to artifacts, and its morphology is shared by other renal diseases resulting in a spectrum of differential diagnoses. On occasion, a definitive diagnosis cannot even be rendered after immunofluorescence and electron microscopic studies. Summary: Based on kidney biopsies seen in our routine diagnostic and referral practice, we discuss and illustrate various morphological patterns of renal injury associated with cryoglobulins. We outline key pathophysiologic and clinical aspects associated with cryoglobulinemia induced renal disease and describe morphologic changes with a focus on electron microscopy. We present our practical, morphology-based approach to diagnostic decision-making with special consideration of differential diagnoses and disease mimickers. Since cryoglobulins are rarely tested for prior to kidney biopsy, pathologists and clinicians alike must have a high level of suspicion when interpreting renal biopsies and managing patients. Key Messages: Cryoglobulinemia-associated glomerulonephritis (GN) is a multifactorial disease which is important to recognize for clinical practice. Morphological features suggestive of cryoglobulinemia-associated GN include a pattern of membranoproliferative GN with abundance of monocytes and the presence of (pseudo)thrombi. By electron microscopy, the main diagnostic features are a prominent infiltration of monocytes/macrophages and the presence of mesangial and subendothelial deposits with frequently curved microtubular/cylindrical and annular substructures.
The Relationship between Primary Duodenogastric Reflux and Helicobacter pylori Gastritis in Children
Authors: Arslan Melike , Balamtekin Necati
Published: May 2021

Background: Most studies of the relationship between duodenogastric reflux (DGR) and Helicobacter pylori have reported that the presence of DGR decreases H. pylori colonization, while H. pylori infection increases the frequency of DGR by impairing antroduodenal motility. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between primary DGR and the prevalence of H. pylori in children, as well as the degree of colonization and the presence and severity of gastritis. Methods: Included in the study were 410 patients between the ages of 2 and 18 years, referred to the pediatric gastroenterology clinic with complaints of dyspepsia, abdominal pain, and nausea/vomiting, who underwent upper gastrointestinal system endoscopic examination and stomach biopsy. The study group included 60 patients with DGR, while 350 non-DGR patients formed the control group. Results: The mean age of patients with DGR was 15.7 ± 2.1 years, while the mean age of the control group was 14.2 ± 3.8 years (p = 0.02). Of those with DGR, 50 (83.3%) were girls, while in the control group, 215 (61.4%) were girls (p = 0.001). Of patients with DGR, 16 were H. pylori (+) (26.7%), while in the control group, 168 were H. pylori (+) (48%) (p = 0.002). There was no significant difference between the 2 groups with respect to H. pylori degree of colonization (p = 0.08). Gastritis was present in 56 (93.3%) patients in the DGR group and 322 (92%) patients in the control group (p = 0.72). A significant difference was found between the 2 groups in terms of gastritis severity (p = 0.01). Conclusions: The mean age of patients with DGR was significantly higher than that of patients without DGR, and DGR was found to be more common in girls. In patients with DGR, H. pylori prevalence was significantly lower than in those without DGR; however, no significant difference was found between the 2 groups with respect to the colonization degree.
"Mas afinal, o que querem as mulheres?" O lugar da mulher na obra Em surdina
Authors: Almeida Edwirgens Aparecida Ribeiro Lopes de
Published: May 2021

Em Surdina (1933) é o segundo romance publicado por Lúcia Miguel Pereira. Como explica Luís Bueno (2006), essa obra apresenta forte tendência documental, comum nos romances sociais da década de 30. Assim, põe em destaque as contradições do tempo, desde a desagregação de valores, passando aos costumes, ao papel mediador do trabalho na construção das identidades, à economia e às relações internacionais. Contudo, o mais evidente diálogo com o contexto pode ser entrevisto na postura das personagens, sobretudo no temor de viver a vida por algumas mulheres. Há, na narrativa, aquelas criaturas que experimentam diversos tipos de sensações, porém a narrativa é protagonizada por Cecília. Esta tem sua existência questionada a partir do pedido de casamento. Se no discurso tradicional, o casamento constitui uma forma de controle do homem sobre a mulher, contraditoriamente, nessa narrativa, o casamento é posto, na perspectiva crítica do narrador, como a única forma encontrada pela mulher para gozar a vida. Esse convite ao carpe diem provoca em Cecília certo questionamento sobre si mesma e sobre o contexto tradicional que condiciona as práticas, sobretudo das mulheres. Portanto, a narrativa nos apresenta mecanismos de reflexões sobre o modo de vida da mulher e o lugar ocupado por ela naquela sociedade, tanto a ficcional quanto a real.
Patterns of orthopaedic injury among hospitalised personal mobility device users and bicycle riders: a comparative study
Authors: Koh Don Thong Siang , Woo Yew Lok , Wong Ting Hway , Tan Mann Hong
Published: May 2021

Introduction:

Personal mobility devices (PMDs), such as electronic scooters or motorised bicycles, are efficient modes of transportation. Their recent popularity has also resulted in an increase in PMD-related injuries. We aimed to characterise and compare the nature of injuries sustained by PMD users and bicycle riders.

Methods:

This retrospective study compared injury patterns among PMD and bicycle users. 140 patients were admitted between November 2013 and September 2018. Parameters studied included patients’ demographics (e.g. age, gender and body mass index), type of PMD, nature of injury, surgical intervention required, duration of hospitalisation and time off work.

Results:

Of 140 patients, 46 (32.9%) patients required treatment at the department of orthopaedic surgery. 19 patients were PMD users while 27 were bicycle riders. 16 (84.2%) patients with PMD-related injuries were men. PMD users were significantly younger (mean age 45 ± 15 years) when compared to bicycle riders (mean age 56 ± 17 years; P <0.05). A quarter (n = 5, 26.3%) of PMD users sustained open fractures and over half (n = 10, 52.6%) required surgical intervention. Among 27 bicycle users, 7.4% (n = 2) of patients sustained open fractures and 70.4% (n = 19) required surgical intervention. Both groups had comparable inpatient stay duration and time off work.

Conclusion:

PMD-related orthopaedic traumas are high-energy injuries, with higher rates of open fractures, when compared to bicycle injuries. In addition, PMD users are significantly younger and of economically viable age. Prolonged hospitalisation and time off work have socioeconomic implications. Caution should be exercised when using PMDs.
Thermal strain and fluid balance during a 72-km military route march in a field setting
Authors: Poon Beng Hoong , Prakaash Suriya , Teo Ya Shi , Fan Priscilla Weiping , Lee Jason Kai Wei
Published: May 2021

Introduction:

A physiological profiling study was conducted to evaluate thermal strain as well as fluid and electrolyte balances on heat-acclimatised men performing a 72-km route march in a field setting.

Methods:

38 male soldiers (age range 18–23 years) participated in the study, as part of a cohort that marched for 72 km, with loads for about 26 hours. Core temperature and heart rate sensors were used for the duration of the march. Fluid and food intake and output were monitored for the duration of the march. Blood samples were taken one day before the march (pre-march), immediately after the march (Post 1) and on the 15th day after the march to ascertain recovery (Post 2) to assess fluid and electrolyte profiles.

Results:

Mean core temperature was within safe limits, ranging from 37.1 to 38.1°C throughout the march. There was an overall decrease in serum sodium levels, a decline in serum sodium concentration in 28 participants and three instances of hyponatraemia (serum sodium concentration <135 mmol/L).

Conclusion:

Our study found low thermal strain heat-acclimatised individuals during a 72-km route march. However, there was an overall decrease in serum sodium levels, even when the participants were allowed to drink ad libitum. Challenges of exercise-associated hyponatraemia during prolonged activities remain to be addressed.
Towards a More Precise Understanding of Pseudo-Jonathan’s Origins
Authors: Gottlieb Leeor
Published: May 2021

Many have assumed that Targum Pseudo-Jonathan (TgPsJ) is the product of first millennium Palestine. This study presents evidence suggesting that TgPsJ is neither from the first millennium, nor from Palestine. TgPsJ displays an unawareness of some basic facts with regard to the geography of the land of Israel, which makes the argument for its author being a native of Palestine unpersuasive. Excerpts from Even Bochan, a twelfth-century Hebrew lexicon written by Menachem ben Shelomo, the author of Sekhel Tov, exhibit textual similarities to statements found elsewhere only in TgPsJ. The nature of these statements lead to the conclusion that Even Bochan precedes TgPsJ and not vice versa. This suggests that the origins of TgPsJ are to be found in twelfth-century Italy.
Revisiting the taxonomy of the names Cephalotaxus mannii and C. griffithii (Taxaceae)

Authors: BISHT SUNITA , KHURAIJAM JIBANKUMAR SINGH , SINGH RITA
Published: May 2021

The typification and taxonomy of Cephalotaxus mannii and C. griffithii are discussed. Based on the study of their morphological characters, taxonomic literature and specimens in different herbaria, we consider both the taxa as separate species not as synonyms of each other or of C. harringtonii. A key to all the species of Cephalotaxus is also provided for easy identification. During the study, it is found that, the name C. mannii was erroneous lectotypified. The errors are rectified by selecting proper lectotype.
A new water mite species of the Hygrobates fluviatilis-complex from Russia (Acari, Hydrachnidia, Hygrobatidae)
Authors: TUZOVSKIJ PETR V.
Published: May 2021

The Hygrobates fluviatilis-complex includes the following ten species:H. fluviatilis (Ström, 1768), H.arenarius Smit & Pešić, 2017, H.corsicus Pešić& Smit, 2017, H. marezaensis Pešić & Dabert, 2017,H. turcicus Pešić, Esen & Dabert, 2017, H. persicus Pešić &Asadi, 2017, H. grabowskii Pešić, Saboori, Zawal & Dabert, 2019,H. ulii Pešić, Saboori, Zawal & Dabert, 2019, H. balcanicus Pešić, 2020 and H. mediterraneus Pešić, 2020 (Pešić et al. 2017, 2019, 2020, respectively).This paper gives the description of one further new species of the genus, based on material collected by the author in running waters of the European part of Russia. The material was sampled with a hand net with 250 μm mesh side. Specimens were not fixed in Koenike liquid, but slides were made from fresh material. Idiosomal setae are named according to Tuzovskij (1987). The following abbreviations are used: H—height, L—length; ml—medial length, n—number of specimens measured; P-1-5, pedipalp segments (trochanter, femur, genu, tibia and tarsus); W—width; I-IV-Leg-1–6, first leg, segments 1–6 (trochanter, basifemur, telofemur, genu, tibia and tarsus) i.e. III-Leg-3 = genu of third leg.All measurements are given in micrometers(μm), length of appendage segments is given as dorsal length. The type material is deposited in the collection of the Papanin Institute for Biology of Inland Waters (Borok, Russia).
Taxonomic revision of the genus Cabassous McMurtrie, 1831 (Cingulata: Chlamyphoridae), with revalidation of Cabassous squamicaudis (Lund, 1845)
Authors: FEIJÓ ANDERSON , ANACLETO TERESA CRISTINA
Published: May 2021

Cabassous comprises armadillos lacking a full osteoderm cover in the tail, justifying its common name naked-tailed armadillos. In the only taxonomic revision of the genus, in 1980, four living species were recognized, including a polytypic taxon with two subspecies. Recent studies have questioned this classification, but a comprehensive taxonomic review is lacking. Here, we revise the taxonomy of the genus Cabassous using complementary morphological approaches and clarify the geographical limits of naked-tailed armadillo species. Based on qualitative and quantitative analyses, we recognize five living species: C. centralis, C. chacoensis, C. squamicaudis, C. unicinctus, and C. tatouay. Most of the species can be easily differentiated using external or cranial traits, except C. centralis and C. unicinctus, which share several morphological features. The scutes pattern on the cephalic shield is an important diagnostic feature in naked-tailed armadillos and can be easily applied in field studies. Cabassous squamicaudis and C. unicinctus were previously treated as subspecies but we show they have conspicuous diagnostic traits, without mixture of characters even in closer contact. Cabassous species can be classified as open-dwellers (C. chacoensis and C. squamicaudis), forest-dwellers (C. centralis and C. unicinctus), or of more generalist habits (C. tatouay). We designate a lectotype for C. unicinctus to preserve its long-term nomenclature use.
The Effect of Weather on Assault
Authors: Corcoran Jonathan , Zahnow Renee
Published: May 2021

This paper examines the role of local weather conditions in explaining variations in assault, in sub-tropical Brisbane, Australia. It details the extent to which local variations in weather are important in shaping the necessary preconditions for assault to take place. Results suggest that higher daily temperatures are associated with an increased propensity for assault at the neighborhood level after controlling for seasonal effects. Assaults occur significantly less frequently in summer than in spring and there is a greater propensity for assaults to occur on weekends compared to weekdays. Neighborhood disadvantage, ethnic diversity, and the presence of risky facilities such bars, schools, or shops increased the propensity for assault above and beyond the effect of temperature. Findings are important in their capacity to isolate the effect of the prevailing local weather conditions whilst controlling for seasonal variations, land use, and the socio-economic and demographic context within which assaults took place.
Assessing the Universality of the Zero Originality Lists of the Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking (TTCT)-Figural: An Examination With African American College Students
Authors: Acar Selcuk , Branch Marcus J. , Burnett Cyndi , Cabra John F.
Published: May 2021

Originality is scored based on standard zero-originality lists (ZOLs) in the Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking (TTCT). The applicability of those ZOLs to diverse groups has not been examined. We examined the consistency of TTCT-Figural’s sample-based (SB) ZOLs and the published ZOLs based on a sample of predominantly African American college students ( n = 464 and n = 493 for Forms A and B, respectively). Then, we scored 193 forms using SB-ZOLs and published ZOLs. Compared with the old ZOLs, the updated ZOLs yielded more consistent results with the SB-ZOLs when a 3% cutoff is used for Activity 3. However, the new ZOLs made more improvement in Form A than Form B and in Activity 2 than Activities 1 and 3. Further studies are needed to determine if the inconsistencies stem from cultural differences or the method of updating the ZOLs. The results are discussed in terms of the implications for gifted identification.
Vericiguat
Authors: Nguyen Luong , Baker Danial E.
Published: May 2021

Each month, subscribers to The Formulary Monograph Service receive 5 to 6 well-documented monographs on drugs that are newly released or are in late phase 3 trials. The monographs are targeted to Pharmacy & Therapeutics Committees. Subscribers also receive monthly 1-page summary monographs on agents that are useful for agendas and pharmacy/nursing in-services. A comprehensive target drug utilization evaluation/medication use evaluation (DUE/MUE) is also provided each month. With a subscription, the monographs are available online to subscribers. Monographs can be customized to meet the needs of a facility. Through the cooperation of The Formulary, Hospital Pharmacy publishes selected reviews in this column. For more information about The Formulary Monograph Service, contact Wolters Kluwer customer service at 866-397-3433.
Comprehensive power quality evaluation method of microgrid with dynamic weighting based on CRITIC
Authors: Shi Hongtao , Li Yifan , Jiang Zhongnan , Zhang Jie
Published: May 2021

The power quality assessment provides a reference for power quality management and control of microgrid operation. In terms of reflecting the correlation of power quality indexes and the dynamic changes of microgrid operating conditions, the traditional power quality assessment methods need to be improved. A power quality comprehensive evaluation based on CRITIC and dynamic coefficient is proposed in this paper. In this method, the objective weight of power quality indicators in single node is determined by using the intensity of conflict and contrast firstly. For the node weight calculation, the dynamic coefficient is proposed to reflect the different influence degree of node with different connected load. The proposed method in this paper can reflect both the internal characteristic of data sequence and the relationship between different data sequences. In addition, it also can reflect the dynamic changes of microgrid. Finally, an example is used to verify the feasibility of the proposed method.
Evolution of Colonial Towns and Factors Influencing Toponymic Practices in Germano-Anglo Cameroon
Authors: Njoh Ambe J , Chie Esther P , Soh-Agwetang Fri C
Published: May 2021

The study examines Germano-Anglo colonial towns in Cameroon to determine factors accounting for the scarcity of infrastructure as well as streets and places with Eurocentric names. Using primary and secondary data, it demonstrates that the lack of infrastructure in the polity is a function of negligence by colonial and post-colonial authorities. With few pieces of public infrastructure, the authorities have had few streets and places to attribute names from Eurocentric lexical dictionaries. These findings contribute to knowledge of the relative impact of endogenous and exogenous factors on toponymic traditions as well as inter-country differentials in African countries’ development profiles.
Wnt1 Promotes Cementum and Alveolar Bone Growth in a Time-Dependent Manner
Authors: Nottmeier C. , Liao N. , Simon A. , Decker M.G. , Luther J. , Schweizer M. , Yorgan T. , Kaucka M. , Bockamp E. , Kahl-Nieke B. , Amling M. , Schinke T. , Petersen J. , Koehne T.
Published: May 2021

The WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway plays a central role in the biology of the periodontium, yet the function of specific extracellular WNT ligands remains poorly understood. By using a Wnt1-inducible transgenic mouse model targeting Col1a1-expressing alveolar osteoblasts, odontoblasts, and cementoblasts, we demonstrate that the WNT ligand WNT1 is a strong promoter of cementum and alveolar bone formation in vivo. We induced Wnt1 expression for 1, 3, or 9 wk in Wnt1Tg mice and analyzed them at the age of 6 wk and 12 wk. Micro–computed tomography (CT) analyses of the mandibles revealed a 1.8-fold increased bone volume after 1 and 3 wk of Wnt1 expression and a 3-fold increased bone volume after 9 wk of Wnt1 expression compared to controls. In addition, the alveolar ridges were higher in Wnt1Tg mice as compared to controls. Nondecalcified histology demonstrated increased acellular cementum thickness and cellular cementum volume after 3 and 9 wk of Wnt1 expression. However, 9 wk of Wnt1 expression was also associated with periodontal breakdown and ectopic mineralization of the pulp. The composition of this ectopic matrix was comparable to those of cellular cementum as demonstrated by quantitative backscattered electron imaging and immunohistochemistry for noncollagenous proteins. Our analyses of 52-wk-old mice after 9 wk of Wnt1 expression revealed that Wnt1 expression affects mandibular bone and growing incisors but not molar teeth, indicating that Wnt1 influences only growing tissues. To further investigate the effect of Wnt1 on cementoblasts, we stably transfected the cementoblast cell line (OCCM-30) with a vector expressing Wnt1-HA and performed proliferation as well as differentiation experiments. These experiments demonstrated that Wnt1 promotes proliferation but not differentiation of cementoblasts. Taken together, our findings identify, for the first time, Wnt1 as a critical regulator of alveolar bone and cementum formation, as well as provide important insights for harnessing the WNT signal pathway in regenerative dentistry.
Choosing the Light Meal: Real-Time Aggregation of Calorie Information Reduces Meal Calories
Authors: VanEpps Eric M. , Molnar Andras , Downs Julie S. , Loewenstein George
Published: May 2021

Numeric labeling of calories on restaurant menus has been implemented widely, but scientific studies have generally not found substantial effects on calories ordered. The present research tests the impact of a feedback format that is more targeted at how consumers select and revise their meals: real-time aggregation of calorie content to provide dynamic feedback about meal calories via a traffic light label. Because these labels intuitively signal when a meal shifts from healthy to unhealthy (via the change from green to a yellow or red light), they prompt decision makers to course-correct in real time, before they finalize their choice. Results from five preregistered experiments (N = 11,900) show that providing real-time traffic light feedback about the total caloric content of a meal reduces calories in orders, even compared with similar aggregated feedback in numeric format. Patterns of ordering reveal this effect to be driven by people revising high-calorie orders more frequently, leading them to choose fewer and lower-calorie items. Consumers also like traffic light aggregation, indicating greater satisfaction with their order and greater intentions to return to restaurants that use them. The authors discuss how dynamic feedback using intuitive signals could yield benefits in contexts beyond food choice.
Non-standard work in unconventional workspaces: Self-employed women in home-based businesses and coworking spaces
Authors: Rodríguez-Modroño Paula
Published: May 2021

This article looks into the new production dynamics and workspaces related to urban change by examining a rising group of workers: self-employed women who have started their own businesses or freelance activities from home or coworking spaces. This empirical study applies an intersectional approach to examine the job satisfaction and work–life balance of home-based workers according to employment status, gender and generation by means of a mixed-method approach, combining the statistical analysis of a dataset of 43,850 workers from the European Working Conditions Survey with in-depth interviews. The findings reveal that work intensity, working time quality and prospects depend more on an individual being self-employed than on being home-based; however, earnings and time devoted to care work are strongly shaped by working from home. Moreover, the profiles of home-based self-employed workers were completely different by gender and age. Although millennials (i.e. those born between 1980 and 1995) differ significantly from previous generations, gender inequality also prevails among the young. Combining working at home with coworking could be a solution to offset the lack of interactions and social capital of home-based entrepreneurs and to increase their earnings.
Legal Exclusions: Émigré Lawyers, Admissions to Legal Practice and the Cultural Transformation of the Australian Legal Profession
Authors: Dehm Sara
Published: May 2021

Legal histories of Australia have largely overlooked the exclusion of European émigré lawyers from legal practice in Australia. This article recovers part of this forgotten history by tracing the drawn-out legal admission bids of two Jewish émigré lawyers in the mid-20th century: German-born Rudolf Kahn and Austrian-born Edward Korten. In examining their legal lives and doctrinal legacies, this article demonstrates the changing role and requirement of British subjecthood in the historical constitution and slow cultural transformation of the Australian legal profession. This article suggests that contemporary efforts to promoting cultural diversity in the Australian legal profession are enriched by paying attention to this long and difficult history of legal exclusions.
Mobilized Yet Contained: Popular Women, Feminisms, and Organizing around Venezuela’s 2012 Organic Labor Law
Authors: Elfenbein Rachel
Published: May 2021

Venezuela’s state-led national-popular Bolivarian process opened up a new political field for feminism—an approach that was both institutional and popular, aiming to combine forces from above and from below and use state gender institutions to foment popular women’s organization. Yet this field was conflictual, containing contesting popular feminist projects with different implications for the gendered division of labor. Analysis of popular women’s organizing around Venezuela’s 2012 organic labor law shows that state adoption of feminism marked a gendered political opening for popularizing feminism while also presenting risks of state co-optation of popular women’s organizing. The state understood popular women’s organization and mobilization as central to the revolution, yet it generally attempted to limit their autonomy and organizing to challenge the gendered division of labor.

El bolivarianismo nacional-popular liderado por el estado venezolano abrió un nuevo campo político para el feminismo: un enfoque que era tanto institucional como popular y cuyo objetivo era combinar fuerzas tanto de arriba como de abajo, así como utilizar las instituciones estatales de género para fomentar las organizaciones populares de mujeres. Sin embargo, este campo resultó conflictivo, y parte de su contenido impugnaba proyectos feministas populares con diferentes implicaciones para las divisiones de género en el trabajo. El análisis de la organización popular de las mujeres en torno a la ley orgánica del trabajo de Venezuela de 2012 muestra que la adopción estatal del feminismo marcó una apertura política de género con intenciones de popularizar el feminismo a la vez que presentaba el riesgo de que la organización popular de las mujeres fuera cooptada por el estado. El estado consideraba la organización y movilización popular de las mujeres como esenciales a la revolución. Sin embargo y hablando generalmente, se abocó a limitar su autonomía y organización cuando se trataba de desafiar las divisiones de género en el trabajo.
Associations between Lower-Order Anxiety Sensitivity Facets and PTSD Symptomatology among Trauma-Exposed Firefighters
Authors: Lebeaut Antoine , Leonard Samuel J. , Healy Nathaniel , Raines Amanda M. , Buser Sam J. , Vujanovic Anka A.
Published: May 2021

Firefighters are chronically exposed to potentially traumatic events, augmenting their risk of developing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The current study aimed to examine the incremental associations of lower-order dimensions of anxiety sensitivity (AS), examined concurrently, and PTSD symptom severity among a sample of trauma-exposed firefighters. We hypothesized that AS physical and cognitive concerns would be strongly associated with all PTSD symptom clusters and overall symptom severity, after controlling for theoretically relevant covariates (trauma load; years in fire service; alcohol use severity; depressive symptom severity). Participants were comprised of firefighters ( N = 657) who completed an online questionnaire battery and endorsed PTSD Criterion A trauma exposure. Results revealed that the AS cognitive concerns, but not AS physical concerns, was significantly and robustly associated with overall PTSD symptom severity, intrusion symptoms, and negative alterations in cognitions and mood ( ∆R2’s = .028–.042; p’s < .01); AS social concerns was incrementally associated with PTSD avoidance ( ∆R2 = .03, p < .01). Implications for firefighter-informed, evidence-based interventions are discussed.