bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Isolation, Cytotoxicity Evaluation, Docking, ADMET and Drug Likeness Studies of Secondary Metabolites from the Stem Bark ofAnthocephalus cadamba(Roxb.)
Authors: Gupta Nidhi , Qayum Arem , Singh Shashank , Mujwar Somdutt , Sangwan Payare L.
Published: November 2022

Phytochemical investigation of the stem bark ofAnthocephalus cadamba(Rubiaceae) led to the isolation of total ten secondary metabolites (1‐10) including β–sitosterol (1), ursolic acid (2), vanillic acid (3), quinovic acid (4), 3‐O‐[α‐L‐rhamnopyranosyl]‐quinovic acid (5), β‐sitosterol β‐D‐glucoside (6), cadambine (7), 3β‐dihydrocadambine (8), 7‐O‐acetyl loganin (9) and hexylp‐coumarate (10). Four acetylated derivatives2 a,5 a,7 aand8 aobtained through acetylation of compounds2,5,7and8respectively. All the compounds characterized using1H and13CNMR, HRESIMS and IR and comparison with literature. Compound4showed the best cytotoxic activity with IC50value 4 and 7 μM against pancreatic (MIA‐pa‐Ca‐2) and leukemia (HL‐60) cancer cells respectively. Docking results supported the anticancer potential of compound4viainhibition of EGFR receptor (PDB ID:3POZ) and its pharmacokinetic profile found optimized as per the Lipinski's filter. Therefore compound4has the potential to be developed as an anticancer agent against pancreatic cancer cells.
Synthesis, Spectroscopic, Computational, Biological and Molecular docking studies on 3‐allyl 2,6‐diaryl piperidin‐4‐ones
Authors: Manjula V. , Venkateswaramoorthi R. , Dharmaraja J. , Bharanidharan S.
Published: November 2022

A series of 3‐allyl‐2,6‐diarylpiperidin‐4‐one derivatives were designed and synthesized as antimicrobial agents with good yields. The target compounds were characterized by Mass, NMR, FT‐IR and FT‐Raman spectral techniques. The optimization had been performed on the title compound using the B3LYP method with 6‐311++G(d,p) basis set. The optimized bond parameter of the title molecule was calculated by DFT method. To study the intramolecular charge transfer within the molecule, the Lewis (bonding) and Non‐Lewis (anti‐bonding) structural calculation was performed. The Non‐linear optical behaviour of the title compound was measured using first order hyperpolarizability calculation. Mulliken atomic charges and thermodynamic properties were also calculated and analyzed. In vitro antibacterial and antifungal screening for all the synthesized 3‐allyl 2,6‐diaryl piperidin‐4‐ones was evaluated for two Gram‐positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aurous, Enterococcus faecalis), three Gram‐negative bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coliand K. pneumonia) and five fungi (Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Rhizopus sp and Mucor sp). All the compounds showed good antibacterial and antifungal activities. Molecular docking study is to demonstrate that piperidine derivatives bind to Ribonucleotide reductases (RNRs) enzymes and to evaluate whether these molecules can be used as potential drugs.
Epoxidation of unsaturated fatty acid ester promoted by imidazolium acidic ionic liquids: An unexpected selectivity phenomena
Authors: Nowicki Janusz , Nowakowska‐Bogdan Ewa , Lukosek Marek
Published: November 2022

Epoxidation of linseed oil fatty acid ethyl esters promoted by a series of functionalized imidazolium ionic liquids was studied. In this reaction acidic imidazolium ILs behave not only as an acid catalysts but also play an additional role as a specific activator for the reaction of epoxidation of unsaturated fatty derivatives in H2O2/formic acid oxidation system. The obtained results indicate that the hydrogen‐bonding interaction of imidazolium cation with epoxide group influences the selectivity of the epoxidation reaction. In particular, the presence of unprotected weak “acid” C2‐H proton significantly lowers the selectivity to hydroxyl derivatives. The obtained results also point to another example of specific polyfunctionality of ILs, especially imidazolium one, used as surfactants and process activators.
Lessons from Nature for Carbon‐Based Nanoarchitected Metamaterials
Authors: Cai Jun , Chen Haoyu , Li Youjian , Akbarzadeh Abdolhamid
Published: November 2022

Bioinspired materials often achieve superior mechanical properties owing to their microscale architectures that resemble design motifs in biological materials. The bioinspired architectures can be extended to nanoscale, where carbon‐based materials, including graphene and carbon nanotubes, are excellent candidates as building blocks. This study introduces carbon‐based nanoarchitected metamaterials inspired by seven biological design motifs, i.e., cellular, gradient, tubular, fibrous, helicoidal, suture, and layered structures. Numerical studies based on molecular dynamics simulation along with continuum‐based finite element analysis are conducted for each bioinspired design to examine the unique mechanical properties, namely specific stiffness, specific strength, failure strain, and specific energy absorption, under tensile/shear loading conditions. Different deformation and failure mechanisms found by molecular simulation and continuum mechanics are discussed. The numerical results show that the mechanical properties of the introduced bioinspired and carbon‐based nanoscale designs may surpass the performance of the conventional carbon‐based counterparts. The developed nanoarchitected metamaterials demonstrate instances of possibilities for filling the empty regions in the Ashby charts to attain lightweight advanced materials that can also break the trade‐off between strength and failure strain. These findings impart lessons from the constitutive structure of biological materials to form the next generation of multifunctional architected metamaterials with rationally designed nano‐architectures.
On improvability of model averaging by penalized model selection
Authors: Cao Kun , Li Xinmin , Zhou Yali , Zou Chenchen
Published: November 2022

We propose MMAe, a modified MMA based on penalized Mallow's Cp. A weighted elastic net penalty is added to handle the inevitable collinearity among models, which is beneficial to high‐dimensional data modelling. We proved the sparsity, the asymptotic optimality of its weight solution and also proved that its candidate model set can be exponentially enlarged under Gaussian noises. We further proved that an MMAe adjusted by generalized cross validation (GCV) has an asymptotically lower risk than MMA under more relaxed conditions. Our approach can be implemented efficiently by convex optimization algorithms. In simulation and real‐life analysis, MMAe achieves higher prediction accuracy compared with other methods.
Utilization of palliative care resource remains low, consuming potentially avoidable hospital admissions in stage IV non-small cell lung cancer: a community-based retrospective review
Authors: Meggyesy Austin M. , Buehler Kerrie E. , Wilshire Candice L. , Chiu Shih Ting , Chang Shu-Ching , Rayburn Joshua R. , Gilbert Christopher R. , Gorden Jed A.
Published: November 2022

Purpose

Early referral of patients with stage IV non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) to outpatient palliative care has been shown to increase survival and reduce unnecessary healthcare resource utilization. We aimed to determine outpatient palliative care referral rate and subsequent resource utilization in patients with stage IV NSCLC in a multistate, community-based hospital network and identify rates and reasons for admissions within a local healthcare system of Washington State.

Methods

A retrospective chart review of a multistate hospital network and a local healthcare system. Patients were identified using ICD billing codes. In the multistate network, 2844 patients diagnosed with stage IV NSCLC between January 1, 2013, and March 1, 2018, were reviewed. In the state healthcare system, 283 patients between August 2014 and June 2017 were reviewed.

Results

Referral for outpatient palliative care was low: 8% (217/2844) in the multistate network and 11% (32/283) in the local healthcare system. Early outpatient palliative care (6%, 10/156) was associated with a lower proportion of patients admitted into the intensive care unit in the last 30 days of life compared to no outpatient palliative care (15%, 399/2627; p = 0.003). Outpatient palliative care referral was associated with improved overall survival in Kaplan Meier survival analysis. Within the local system, 51% (104/204) of admissions could have been managed in outpatient setting, and of the patients admitted in the last 30 days of life, 59% (87/147) experienced in-hospital deaths.

Conclusion

We identified underutilization of outpatient palliative care services within stage IV NSCLC patients. Many patients with NSCLC experience hospitalization the last month of life and in-hospital death.
Innovation in assessment of the geothermal energy potential of abandoned hydrocarbon wells in the southern and southeastern foreground of the Bükk Mountains, northeast Hungary
Authors: Szűcs Péter , Turai Endre , Mádai Viktor , Vass Péter , Miklós Rita , Zákányi Balázs , Ilyés Csaba , Fekete Zsombor , Kilik Roland , Móricz Ferenc , Nyiri Gábor , Szilvási Marcell , Szabó Norbert Péter
Published: November 2022

An innovative methodology is introduced to study abandoned oil exploration drillings for possible geothermal energy production at a test area in northeast Hungary. An evaluation method supported by robust statistical analysis was elaborated to provide the possible future investors with adequate technical and earth-science related information for their decision-making processes. All the available data of 161 abandoned hydrocarbon wells, with different physical conditions, were examined based on the proposed evaluation system to provide information about the geothermal energy potential for each well, as well as over a bigger area. The abandoned wells and their environments, the quantity of stored heat, and the fluid temperature and geothermal heat were the key parameters determined, which are critical when considering geothermal energy utilization or thermal water production. The maximum amount of stored energy was determined as the sum of the amount of energy extractable from the rock and the fluid. The heat stored in the rock was determined by basin modelling. The evaluation process, using one-dimensional (1D) basin modelling and 3D lithological-stratigraphic modelling, was successfully applied in the pilot area. The maximum amount of heat stored in the fluid can be determined by subtracting the heat stored in the rock from the total heat. Drilling and completing geothermal wells are rather expensive in Hungary, depending on the depth and the types of geological formations. The application of this research could greatly reduce the cost and risk of creating new geothermal energy systems based on production wells or abandoned wells in Hungary or elsewhere.
Investigating the MIS2 Microlithic Assemblage of Umbeli Belli Rockshelter and Its Place Within the Chrono-cultural Sequence of the LSA Along the East Coast of Southern Africa
Authors: Blessing Matthias A. , Conard Nicholas J. , Bader Gregor D.
Published: November 2022

South Africa is arguably one of the most studied regions in Stone Age research. There are, however, considerable differences in research intensity with respect to different regions and time periods. While KwaZulu-Natal is an epicenter for Middle Stone Age (MSA) research, the Late Pleistocene LSA record is largely understudied in this region. Here we present a lithic assemblage from the site Umbeli Belli near Scottburgh dated to 17.8 ± 1.5ka BP. The lithic analysis of the GH 3 assemblages revealed both gradual and abrupt changes within this stratigraphic horizon, indicating relatively short-term changes in material cultural traditions. A comparison with other Robberg sites in the wider surroundings highlights the regional variability of the Robberg techno-complex and indicates potential directions for future research.
Sosa’s AAA Model and Epistemic Double Effects
Authors: Liz Gutiérrez Antonio Manuel
Published: November 2022

There are many important connections between epistemic justification and moral justification. A recent example of such connections is offered by Sosa’s AAA model for the normative evaluation of epistemic performances. In order to count as knowledge, a belief has to be Accurate in attaining the truth, the subject has to be Adroit or competent for such task, and the belief has to be Apt in the sense that the accuracy of the belief has to manifest the adroitness of the subject. In addition, full knowledge would require full-aptness, which is obtained when the aim of aptness is achieved in an apt way. We have here a clear definition of the model. But the application of the model to particular performances is not so clear. Both the identification of a particular performance as a case of epistemic performance and the assessment of its aptness, or full-aptness, are strongly relative to intentional descriptions paying attention to contextual factors and personal aspects. Here is where we can find close proximity with ethics. An epistemic analog to the ethical problem of double effects appears. In our paper, we analyze that problem in detail, extracting some consequences.
HADHA alleviates hepatic steatosis and oxidative stress in NAFLD via inactivation of the MKK3/MAPK pathway
Authors: Ding Jiexia , Wu Lili , Zhu Guoxian , Zhu Jing , Luo Pingping , Li Youming
Published: November 2022

Background

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a liver metabolic syndrome and still lacks effective treatments because the molecular mechanism underlying the development of NAFLD is not completely understood. We investigated the role of Hydroxyl CoA dehydrogenase alpha subunit (HADHA) in the pathogenesis of NAFLD.

Methods

HADHA expression was detected both in NAFLD cell and mice, and knockdown of HADHA in free fatty acids (FFA)-treated L02 or overexpression of HADHA in high fat diet (HFD)-fed mice was used to detected the influence of HADHA on hepatic steatosis, mitochondrial dysfunction, and oxidative stress by regulating of MKK3/MAPK signaling.

Results

Our data revealed that HADHA expression was decreased in FFA-treated L02 cells and in HFD-fed mice. Knockdown of HADHA markedly aggravated hepatic steatosis, inflammation and oxidative stress in FFA-treated L02 cells, which was associated with the activation of MKK3/MAPK signalling pathways. Moreover, oxidative stress and liver lesions were improved in NAFLD mice by upregulation of HADHA. Importantly, we demonstrated that overexpression of HADHA inhibited the expression of p-MAPK in NAFLD mice, reducing lipid accumulation and steatosis.

Conclusion

HADHA may function as a protective factor in the progression of NAFLD by alleviating abnormal metabolism and oxidative stress by suppressing MKK3/MAPK signalling pathway activation, providing a new target for the treatment of NAFLD.
A comprehensive analysis of acknowledgement texts in Web of Science: a case study on four scientific domains
Authors: Smirnova Nina , Mayr Philipp
Published: November 2022

Analysis of acknowledgments is particularly interesting as acknowledgments may give information not only about funding, but they are also able to reveal hidden contributions to authorship and the researcher’s collaboration patterns, context in which research was conducted, and specific aspects of the academic work. The focus of the present research is the analysis of a large sample of acknowledgement texts indexed in the Web of Science (WoS) Core Collection. Record types “article” and “review” from four different scientific domains, namely social sciences, economics, oceanography and computer science, published from 2014 to 2019 in a scientific journal in English were considered. Six types of acknowledged entities, i.e., funding agency, grant number, individuals, university, corporation and miscellaneous, were extracted from the acknowledgement texts using a named entity recognition tagger and subsequently examined. A general analysis of the acknowledgement texts showed that indexing of funding information in WoS is incomplete. The analysis of the automatically extracted entities revealed differences and distinct patterns in the distribution of acknowledged entities of different types between different scientific domains. A strong association was found between acknowledged entity and scientific domain, and acknowledged entity and entity type. Only negligible correlation was found between the number of citations and the number of acknowledged entities. Generally, the number of words in the acknowledgement texts positively correlates with the number of acknowledged funding organizations, universities, individuals and miscellaneous entities. At the same time, acknowledgement texts with the larger number of sentences have more acknowledged individuals and miscellaneous categories.
Labor productivity, labor impact, and co-authorship of research institutions: publications and citations per full-time equivalents
Authors: Stock Wolfgang G. , Dorsch Isabelle , Reichmann Gerhard , Schlögl Christian
Published: November 2022

Indicators of productivity and impact of research institutions are based on counts of the institution members’ publications and the citations those publications attracted. How can scientometricians count publications and citations on the meso-level (here, institution level)? There are three variables: the institution’s scientific staff in the observed time frame, their publications in that time, and the publications’ citations. Considering co-authorship of the publications, one can count 1 for every author (whole counting) or 1/n for n co-authors (fractional counting). One can apply this procedure to publications as well as citations. New in this article is the consideration of complete lists of scientific staff members, which include the exact extent of employment, to calculate the labor input based on full-time equivalents (FTE) and also of complete lists of publications by those staff members. This approach enables a size-independent calculation of labor productivity (number of publications per FTE) and labor impact (number of citations per FTE) on the meso-level. Additionally, we experiment with the difference and the quotient between summarizing values from the micro-level (person level) and aggregating whole counting values directly on the meso-level as an indicator for the institution’s predominant internal or external co-authorship.
Understanding the increasing market share of the academic publisher “Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute” in the publication output of Central and Eastern European countries: a case study of Hungary
Authors: Csomós György , Farkas Jenő Zsolt
Published: November 2022

As the open access movement has gained widespread popularity in the scientific community, academic publishers have gradually adapted to the new environment. The pioneer open access journals have turned themselves into megajournals, and the subscription-based publishers have established open access branches and have turned subscription-based journals into hybrid ones. Maybe the most dramatic outcome of the open access boom is the market entry of such fast-growing open access publishers as Frontiers and Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI). By 2021, in terms of the number of papers published, MDPI has become one of the largest academic publishers worldwide. However, the publisher’s market shares across countries and regions show an uneven pattern. Whereas in such scientific powers as the United States and China, MDPI has remained a relatively small-scale player, it has gained a high market share in Europe, particularly in the Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries. In 2021, 28 percent of the SCI/SSCI papers authored/co-authored by researchers from CEE countries were published in MDPI journals, a share that was as high as the combined share of papers published by Elsevier and Springer Nature, the two largest academic publishers in the world. This paper seeks to find an explanation for the extensively growing share of MDPI in the publication outputs of CEE countries by choosing Hungary as a case study. To do this, by employing data analysis, some unique features of MDPI will be revealed. Then, we will present the results of a questionnaire survey conducted among Hungary-based researchers regarding MDPI and the factors that motivated them to publish in MDPI journals. Our results show that researchers generally consider MDPI journals’ sufficiently prestigious, emphasizing the importance of the inclusion of MDPI journals in Scopus and Web of Science databases and their high ranks and impacts. However, most researchers posit that the quick turnaround time that MDPI journals offer is the top driver of publishing in such journals.
A direct proof of the Sharp Gårding inequality for symbols with limited smoothness
Authors: Cicognani Massimo
Published: November 2022

We give a proof of the (possibly optimal) Sharp Gårding inequality for system operators with symbol of limited smoothness directly from the original symmetrization arguments by Friedrichs and Kumano-Go. The fact that only a few derivatives of the regularized symbol are really important was already there.
An effective strategy for preparing transparent ceramics using nanorod powders based on pressure-assisted particle fracture and rearrangement
Authors: Huang Zhangyi , Shi Yang , Zhang Yutong , Deng Mao , Guo Yi , Kong Qingquan , Qi Jianqi , Ma Benyuan , Wang Qingyuan , Wang Haomin
Published: November 2022

Achieving full densification of some ceramic materials, such as Y2O3, without sintering aids by spark plasma sintering (SPS) is a great challenge when plastic deformation contributes limitedly to the densification as the yield stress of the material at an elevated temperature is higher than the applied sintering pressure. Herein, we demonstrate that particle fracture and rearrangement is an effective strategy to promote the densification during the pressure-assisted sintering process. Specifically, Y2O3 nanocrystalline powders composed of nanorod and near-spherical particles were synthesized and sintered at various temperatures by the SPS. The results show that the relative density of the ceramics prepared by the nanorod powders is higher than the density of the ceramics from the near-spherical powders after 600 °C due to the fracture and rearrangement of the nanorods at low temperatures, which leads to the decrease of particle size and the increase of density and homogeneity. Based on this novel densification mechanism, ultrafine-grained Y2O3 transparent ceramics with good optical and mechanical properties were fabricated successfully from the nanorod powders.
An attempt to understand plagiarism in Kuwait through a psychometrically sound instrument
Authors: Erguvan Inan Deniz
Published: November 2022

The purpose of this study is to understand student perceptions towards plagiarism and identify some factors influencing their plagiarist behaviour to be able to develop successful strategies to promote academic integrity and prevent plagiarism. Although academic dishonesty and plagiarism have been investigated by many researchers, psychometric qualities of these data collection instruments have generally been ignored, which has resulted in a shortage of standardized and validated questionnaires in the literature. Therefore, to address this issue the researcher ran a rigorous psychometric analysis on a previously developed and psychometrically evaluated questionnaire (Attitudes Towards Plagiarism). The modified instrument was conducted on 404 students studying in a private university in Kuwait in March 2022, representing the first administration of a psychometrically established plagiarism scale in the Kuwaiti context. The statistical analysis revealed that students’ perceptions are significantly different according to the high school type they graduated from, their reasons for studying at the university, and their post-graduation career plans, whereas gender, major and year of study do not cause statistically significant differences.
Solanaceae pangenomes are coming of graphical age to bring heritability back
Authors: Usadel Björn
Published: November 2022

Two recent articles describe a pangenome of potato and a graph-based pangenome for tomato, respectively. The latter improves our understanding of the tomato genomics architecture even further and the use of this graph-based pangenome versus a single reference dramatically improves heritability in tomato.
The Green Stock Market Bubble
Authors: Lehnert Thorsten
Published: November 2022

One may contend that there are some clear similarities between the market for sustainable assets now and the situation of tech stocks right before the collapse of the dot-com bubble. In fact, before 2000, the risk of the new technology was primarily idiosyncratic because of the limited scale of production and the low likelihood of a widespread adoption. Subsequently, with an increasing probability of adoption, also, the old economy was affected by the new technology and, hence, the wealth of the representative agent. As a result, systematic risk increased, which depressed stock prices, because it pushed up the discount rates in the new and old economies. Similarly, given the high probability of a large-scale adoption of the new “green technology,” it is likely that there is not only a bubble forming in green energy stocks, but the boom is affecting the stock market as a whole. I apply a recently developed recursive testing procedure and dating algorithm that is useful in detecting multiple bubble events. Using S&P 500 stock market data, price-dividend ratios, I identify the well-known historical speculative bubbles and find an explosive movement in today’s market starting in June 2021, which can be associated with the new “green technology.” I find that an explosive movement in green stocks started roughly a year before it was migrating to the whole stock market. I argue that this is a good bubble because it will enable businesses to invest cheaply in green energy, hastening the transition away from fossil fuels and assisting in the fight against climate change.
Application of Fe(III)–EDDS complexes and soybean peroxidase in photo-Fenton processes for organic pollutant removal: insights into possible synergistic effects
Authors: Bertolotti Silvia , Minella Marco , Laurenti Enzo , Brigante Marcello , Mailhot Gilles , Bianco Prevot Alessandra
Published: November 2022

Photo-Fenton processes activated by biodegradable Fe(III)–EDDS complexes have attracted huge attention from the scientific community, but the operative mechanism of the photo-activation of H2O2 in the presence of Fe(III)–EDDS has not been fully clarified yet. The application of the Fe(III)–EDDS complex in Fenton and photo-Fenton (mainly under UV-B light) processes, using 4-chlorophenol (4-CP) as a model pollutant was explored to give insights into the operative mechanism. Furthermore, the potential synergistic contribution of soybean peroxidase (SBP) was investigated, since it has been reported that upon irradiation of Fe(III)–EDDS the production of H2O2 can occur. SBP did not boost the 4-CP degradation, suggesting that the possibly produced H2O2 reacts immediately with the Fe(II) ion with a quick kinetics that does not allow the diffusion of H2O2 into the bulk of the solution (i.e., outside the solvent cage of the complex). So, a concerted mechanism in which the photochemically produced H2O2 and Fe(II) react inside the hydration sphere of the Fe(III)–EDDS complex is proposed.

Graphical abstract
Gender is dynamic for all people
Authors: Brady B. , Rosenberg S. , Newman C. E. , Kaladelfos A. , Kenning G. , Duck-Chong E. , Bennett J.
Published: November 2022

Gender is dynamic across the life-course for all people. This is true for you, me and the collective ‘us’. In this perspective paper, we invite you to reflect on how changes in the experience and expression of gender can be most appropriately viewed as a normal part of human development, diversity, and growth. We can find gender’s dynamism in at least three areas: that the meaning of gender has changed over time; that there are significant cultural differences in the meaning of gender; and that one’s own gender and relationship to it can change, evolve, weaken, and galvanise across a lifetime. From our position as interdisciplinary scientists, artists, and community advocates, each of us informed by distinctive and dynamic lived experiences of gender, we examine how the foundations of psychology may be limiting the capacity for the discipline to accurately reflect dynamic experiences of gender in the real world. We encourage you to ponder how we can address points of resistance to change in thought and practice and embed a more deliberately dynamic understanding of gender within our knowledge systems and structures. Ultimately, we seek to empower you, the reader, to take up the challenge of new ways of thinking and behaving in relation to gender.
Impacts of tourism on coastal areas
Authors: Smith Timothy F. , Elrick-Barr Carmen E. , Thomsen Dana C. , Celliers Louis , Le Tissier Martin
Published: November 2022

The socioeconomics of the Anthropocene is exposing coastal regions to multiple pressures, including climate change hazards, resource degradation, urban development and inequality. Tourism is often raised as either a panacea to, or exacerbator of, such threats to ecosystems and sustainable livelihoods. To better understand the impacts of tourism on coastal areas, Scopus and Web of Science databases were searched for the top 100 cited papers on coastal tourism. Web of Science suggested ‘highly cited’ papers were also included to allow for more recent high-impact papers. Of the papers retrieved, 44 focused on the impacts of tourism. Social/cultural and environmental impacts were viewed as mostly negative, while economic impacts were viewed as mostly positive but only of actual benefit to a few. In addition, when compared with recent whole-of-sector reviews and reports it was evident that coastal tourism is increasingly a global enterprise dominated by large corporations that leverage various interests across local to transnational scales. Through this global enterprise, even the positive economic benefits identified were overshadowed by a broader system of land and property development fuelling local wealth inequity and furthering the interests of offshore beneficiaries. Only two highly cited papers discussed tourism within a broader context of integrated coastal zone management, suggesting that tourism is mostly assessed as a discrete sector within the coastal zone and peripheral to other coastal management considerations or the global tourism sector as a whole. The findings have relevance to the holistic management of coasts, coastal tourism and the achievement of sustainable development goals in a way that considers the increasing threats from coastal hazards, resource extraction and urbanisation, as well as the pervasive impacts of international business systems from local to global scales.
Epilepsy Surgery in Adult Stroke Survivors with New-Onset Drug-Resistant Epilepsy
Authors: Antaya Tresah C. , Le Britney N. , Richard Lucie , Qureshi Amna , Shariff Salimah Z. , Sposato Luciano A. , Burneo Jorge G.
Published: November 2022

Background:

Despite its effectiveness, surgery for drug-resistant epilepsy is underutilized. However, whether epilepsy surgery is also underutilized among patients with stroke-related drug-resistant epilepsy is unclear. Therefore, our objectives were to estimate the rates of epilepsy surgery assessment and receipt among patients with stroke-related drug-resistant epilepsy and to identify factors associated with these outcomes.

Methods:

We used linked health administrative databases to conduct a population-based retrospective cohort study of adult Ontario, Canada residents discharged from an Ontario acute care institution following the treatment of a stroke between January 1, 1997, and December 31, 2020, without prior evidence of seizures. We excluded patients who did not subsequently develop drug-resistant epilepsy and those with other epilepsy risk factors. We estimated the rates of epilepsy surgery assessment and receipt by March 31, 2021. We planned to use Fine-Gray subdistribution hazard models to identify covariates independently associated with our outcomes, controlling for the competing risk of death.

Results:

We identified 265,081 patients who survived until discharge following inpatient stroke treatment, 1,902 (0.7%) of whom subsequently developed drug-resistant epilepsy (805 women; mean age: 67.0 ± 13.1 years). Fewer than six (≤0.3%) of these patients were assessed for or received epilepsy surgery before the end of follow-up (≤55.5 per 100,000 person-years). Given that few outcomes were identified, we could not proceed with the multivariable analyses.

Conclusions:

Patients with stroke-related drug-resistant epilepsy are infrequently considered for epilepsy surgery that could reduce morbidity and mortality.
Educational initiative in an NCATS TL1 training program to address the impact of systemic racism on human health, biomedical research, and the translational scientist
Authors: Gay Martha D. , Bell Kimberly A. , Bujold Emily A. , Geraci Marilla , Lee Dexter L. , Sandberg Kathryn , Speth Robert C.
Published: November 2022

Introduction:

The goal of clinical and translational science (CTS) is to fill gaps in medical knowledge toward improving human health. However, one of our most pressing challenges does not reside within the biological map we navigate to find sustainable cures but rather the moral compass to recognize and overcome racial and ethnic injustices that continue to influence our society and hinder diverse research rigor. The Georgetown-Howard Universities Center for Clinical and Translational Science includes an inter-institutional TL1-funded training program for predoctoral/postdoctoral trainees in Translational Biomedical Science (TBS).

Methods:

In the fall of 2020, the TBS program responded to the national social justice crisis by incorporating a curriculum focused on structural racism in biomedical research. Educational platforms, including movie reviews, Journal Clubs, and other workshops, were threaded throughout the curriculum by ensuring safe spaces to discuss racial and ethnic injustices and providing trainees with practical steps to recognize, approach, and respond to these harmful biases in the CTS. Workshops also focused on why individuals underrepresented in science are vital for addressing and closing gaps in CTS.

Results:

Paring analysis using REDCap software de-identified participants after invitations were sent and collected in the system to maintain anonymity for pre- and post-analysis. The Likert scale evaluated respondents’ understanding of diverse scientific circumstances. The pre/Fall and post/Spring surveys suggested this curriculum was successful at raising institutional awareness of racial and ethnic biases. Evaluating the effectiveness of our program with other training Clinical and Translational Science Awards (CTSA) consortiums will strengthen both the academic and professional TBS programs.
The Possibility of Rights Claims-Making in Court: Looking Back on Twenty-Five Years of Social Rights Constitutionalism in South Africa
Authors: Tait Kira , Taylor Whitney K.
Published: November 2022

What factors influence citizens’ demand for law to protect social rights? We turn to the case of social rights in South Africa, just under three decades after the end of apartheid and the adoption of social rights constitutionalism, to examine the contours of rights claims-making in the courts. Drawing on original interview and survey research, we argue that above and beyond factors such as the accessibility of the courts and support of civil society, citizens must believe that rights claims-making through courts is possible. We find that these beliefs and the subsequent demand for justice are connected to people’s personal circumstances, sentiments as rights-holders, and trust in legal institutions, rendering the legitimacy of social rights constitutionalism beholden to people’s perception that the state actually delivers on these constitutional promises.
The triple-deficit hypothesis in Arabic: Evidence from children with and without dyslexia
Authors: Layes Smail , Cohen Marjolaine , van Viersen Sietske
Published: November 2022

This study investigated the triple-deficit hypothesis in Arabic, a Semitic transparent orthography, among 258 native Arabic children from Grade 3, divided into a typical readers group (n = 204) and a dyslexia group (n = 54). Children were tested on word- and pseudoword-reading accuracy, word-reading fluency, phonological awareness (PA), naming speed (NS), orthographic processing (OP), and nonverbal reasoning ability. The results indicated that all children with dyslexia had either double or triple deficits, and none of them had a single deficit. Children with triple deficits showed lower performance than children with single and no deficits on all the reading measures. They have also lower performance to children with double deficits on word-reading accuracy but comparable scores in word- and pseudoword-reading fluency. In addition, OP was confirmed as an additional independent predictor of word-level reading skills besides PA and NS, while controlling for age and nonverbal intelligence. The classification findings showed that the presence of a triple deficit maximizes the risk of reading failure. These findings support the additive nature of combined deficits in PA, NS, and OP. Moreover, they establish the benefit of including OP as a third deficit, in addition to PA and NS, underlying dyslexia in Arabic.
Successful device closure by Amplatzer vascular plug II of a rare celiacomesenteric trunk-to-right atrium fistula in a repaired giant omphalocele
Authors: Chen Yu-Hsuan , Cheng Kun-Shan , Hung Wei-Li
Published: November 2022

Aorto-right-atrial fistula is an uncommon condition with an unclear pathogenesis. We present the case of a 3-year-old girl with a giant omphalocele repaired days after birth and incidentally discovered with a celiacomesenteric trunk-to-right atrium fistula. Three-dimensional reconstruction CT unveiled its anatomical pattern, and the fistula was successfully closed using a Amplatzer vascular plug II percutaneously.
Importance of Background Vorticity Effect and Doppler Shift in Defining Near‐Inertial Internal Waves
Authors: Rama Jemima , Shakespeare Callum J. , Hogg Andrew McC.
Published: November 2022

Near‐inertial waves contain a significant fraction of the ocean's internal wave energy and can propagate long distances from their source before dissipating. However, a varying background flow velocity can alter the wave propagation in two ways. The background vorticity modifies the lower bound of the wave frequency bandwidth while Doppler shifts alter the wave intrinsic frequency. Both effects complicate the identification of the waves and the quantification of their energy content. This study analyses the output of a realistic simulation of the North Pacific using adaptive frequency filters to isolate the effects of vorticity and Doppler shift on the apparent wave energy. Spectral filters neglecting background vorticity effects results in apparent near‐inertial energy being underestimated by 40% in anticyclonic structures and overestimated by 100% in cyclonic structures. The asymmetry in energy bias is reinforced when both background vorticity and Doppler shift effects are omitted from the frequency filters.
The Existence and Origin of Multiple Equilibria in Sand‐Mud Sediment Beds
Authors: Colina Alonso A. , van Maren D. S. , Herman P. M. J. , van Weerdenburg R. J. A. , Huismans Y. , Holthuijsen S. J. , Govers L. L. , Bijleveld A. I. , Wang Z. B.
Published: November 2022

The sediment composition of the seabed governs its mobility, hence determining sediment transport and morphological evolution of estuaries and tidal basins. Bed sediments often consist of mixtures of sand and mud, with spatial gradients in the sand/mud content. This study aims at increasing the understanding of processes driving the sediment composition in tidal basins, focusing on depositional processes. We show that bed sediments in the Wadden Sea tend to be either mud‐dominated or sand‐dominated, resulting in a bimodal distribution of the mud content where the two modes represent equilibrium conditions. The equilibria depend primarily on the sediment deposition fluxes, with bimodality originating from the dependence of suspended sand/mud concentrations on the local bed composition. Our analysis shows that bimodality is a phenomenon that is not only specific for the Wadden Sea; it can be expected for a wide range of suspended sediment concentrations and thus also in other systems worldwide.
Vesicular Olivines and Pyroxenes in Shocked Kamargaon L6 Chondrite: Implications for Primary Volatiles and Its Multiple Impacts History
Authors: Tiwari Kishan , Ghosh Sujoy , Miyahara Masaaki , Ray Dwijesh
Published: November 2022

Abundant vesicles are found in terrestrial rocks, basaltic meteorites, and carbonaceous chondrites which testify to the presence of significant quantities of volatiles and favorable conditions for vesiculation. Furthermore, vesicular olivine has been reported in terrestrial rocks and carbonaceous chondrites. However, vesicles in the ordinary chondrites are rare due to their low volatile content and obliteration by the late impact events. Here, we report the first evidence of vesicular olivine (Fo76) and pyroxene (En73–81Fs17–26Wo01–02) in an ordinary chondrite. The vesicular texture in the shocked Kamargaon L6 chondrite possibly formed due to localized melting during a shock event and subsequent degassing of volatiles after decompression. We propose three possible mechanisms for vesicle formation in the Kamargaon meteorite: (a) liberation of S2 vapor, (b) evaporation of moderately volatile elements (MVEs) like Na and Mn, and (c) vaporization of olivine and pyroxene, by constraining the primary abundance of volatiles based on the observed volume of vesicles. We suggest that all three or any combination of these mechanisms could be responsible for vesicle formation. Segmented texture in olivine is also observed in the shock vein (SV) of the Kamargaon chondrite. The segmentation has developed due to the formation of sub‐grain boundaries during the recovery process when grains were subjected to localized shear stress. Average shock pressure and temperature conditions in the SV are ∼24–25 GPa and ∼2310–2633K, respectively. The thermal model of the SV cooling gives the crystallization time of ∼50 ms and shock pulse duration of ∼2s.
High-resolution European daily soil moisture derived with machine learning (2003–2020)
Authors: O Sungmin , Orth Rene , Weber Ulrich , Park Seon Ki
Published: November 2022

Machine learning (ML) has emerged as a novel tool for generating large-scale land surface data in recent years. ML can learn the relationship between input and target, e.g. meteorological variables and in-situ soil moisture, and then estimate soil moisture across space and time, independently of prior physics-based knowledge. Here we develop a high-resolution (0.1°) daily soil moisture dataset in Europe (SoMo.ml-EU) using Long Short-Term Memory trained with in-situ measurements. The resulting dataset covers three vertical layers and the period 2003–2020. Compared to its previous version with a lower spatial resolution (0.25°), it shows a closer agreement with independent in-situ data in terms of temporal variation, demonstrating the enhanced usefulness of in-situ observations when processed jointly with high-resolution meteorological data. Regional comparison with other gridded datasets also demonstrates the ability of SoMo.ml-EU in describing the variability of soil moisture, including drought conditions. As a result, our new dataset will benefit regional studies requiring high-resolution observation-based soil moisture, such as hydrological and agricultural analyses.
Multi-omics HeCaToS dataset of repeated dose toxicity for cardiotoxic & hepatotoxic compounds
Authors: Verheijen Marcha , Sarkans Ugis , Wolski Witold , Jennen Danyel , Caiment Florian , Kleinjans Jos ,   HeCaToS Consortium, Agarkova Irina , Atkinson Francis L. , Bachmann Ivo , Baier Vanessa , Barel Gal , Bauer Chris , van den Beucken Twan , Boerno Stefan , Bosc Nicolas , Carey Conn , Castell José V. , Clayton Olivia , Cordes Henrik , Deeb Sally , Gmuender Hans , Gotta Stefano , Guye Patrick , Hersey Anne , Herwig Ralf , Heymans Stephane , Hunt Peter , Hunter Fiona M. I. , Hynes James , Keun Hector , Kouloura Eirini , Kuepfer Lars , Kunz Laura , Lewalle Alex , Lienhard Matthias , Martínez-Sena Teresa , Merken Jort , Minguet Jasmine , Nguyen Nhan , Niederer Steven , Nudischer Ramona , Asensio Juan Ochoteco , Oliveira Bernardo , Panse Christian , Pluess Carla , Roth Adrian B. , Schlapbach Ralph , Schrooders Yannick , Schuchhardt Johannes , Segall Matthew , Selevsek Nathalie , Sepulveda Pilar , Smit Ines , Thiel Christoph , Timmermann Bernd , Wittenberger Timo , Zerck Alexandra
Published: November 2022

The data currently described was generated within the EU/FP7 HeCaToS project (Hepatic andCardiacToxicitySystems modeling). The project aimed to develop anin silicoprediction system to contribute to drug safety assessment for humans. For this purpose, multi-omics data of repeated dose toxicity were obtained for 10 hepatotoxic and 10 cardiotoxic compounds. Most data were gained fromin vitroexperiments in which 3D microtissues (either hepatic or cardiac) were exposed to a therapeutic (physiologically relevant concentrations calculated through PBPK-modeling) or a toxic dosing profile (IC20 after 7 days). Exposures lasted for 14 days and samples were obtained at 7 time points (therapeutic doses: 2-8-24-72-168-240-336 h; toxic doses 0-2-8-24-72-168-240 h). Transcriptomics (RNA sequencing & microRNA sequencing), proteomics (LC-MS), epigenomics (MeDIP sequencing) and metabolomics (LC-MS & NMR) data were obtained from these samples. Furthermore, functional endpoints (ATP content, Caspase3/7 and O2 consumption) were measured in exposed microtissues. Additionally, multi-omics data from human biopsies from patients are available. This data is now being released to the scientific community through the BioStudies data repository (https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/).
Evaluation of geometric tortuosity for 3D digitally generated porous media considering the pore size distribution and the A-star algorithm
Authors: Ávila Joseph , Pagalo Javier , Espinoza-Andaluz Mayken
Published: November 2022

Porous materials are of great interest in multiple applications due to their usefulness in energy conversion devices and their ability to modify structural and diffusive properties. Geometric tortuosity plays an important role in characterizing the complexity of a porous medium. The literature on several occasions has related it as a parameter dependent on porosity only. However, due to its direct relationship with the morphology of the medium, a deeper analysis is necessary. For this reason, in the present study, the analysis of the geometric tortuosity is proposed considering the porosity and the pore size distribution. Geometric tortuosity in artificially generated digital porous media is estimated using the A-star algorithm and the Pore Centroid method. By performing changes in the size of the medium and the distribution of the pore size, results are obtained that indicate that the geometric tortuosity does not only depend on the porosity. By maintaining the same porosity, the geometric tortuosity increases if the pore size is reduced. Similarly, these pore size effects are greater if the size of the medium is reduced. The A-star algorithm was found to be more suitable to characterize the majority of paths within the half-pore. On the other hand, to increase the size, the Pore Centroid method is the most appropriate. Finally, three types of correlations were generated relating tortuosity with porosity and pore size. All the correlations were determined with 95% of interval confidence.