bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Steiff Factory, 1903 Historia de una pionera
Authors: Lleó Blanca
Published: October 2020

Hace un siglo el progreso en todas sus manifestaciones suscitaba un entusiasmo colectivo. Por entonces, la arquitectura de vidrio y acero emocionaba como símbolo y expresión de las más altas aspiraciones de libertad material y espiritual. Con el transcurrir del tiempo se ha ido trastocando nuestra conciencia y nuestra sensibilidad, y hoy apesadumbrados nos sentimos culpables de haber incentivado un incalculable derroche energético causado por el uso descontrolado de aquellos deslumbrantes materiales. “El hombre es un dios cuando sueña y un mendigo cuando reflexiona”, son sabias palabras de Hölderlin cuando anhelante rememora otros tiempos y nos muestra que aún no sabemos el pasado que nos espera. Con ese mismo afán, este artículo nos traslada a los fulgurantes inicios de la arquitectura de cristal para desvelar una arquitectura insólita y pionera realizada en 1903: la Steiff Factory.
Imaginando el reciclaje, reciclando el diseño, diseñando la imagen: la reutilización como estrategia de diseño
Authors: Villanueva-Fernández María , García-Diego-Villarías Héctor
Published: October 2020

A lo largo de la historia, en distintas ocasiones, el reciclaje se ha convertido en solución para el desarrollo de un producto. Más allá de la conciencia ecológica que ha ido constituyéndose especialmente a partir de los años 60 hasta la actualidad, esta práctica ha servido para resolver distintos problemas: técnicos, conceptuales o incluso sociales. Durante el siglo XX se realizaron algunos muebles de asiento en los que el reciclado de materiales y partes de objetos ha dado lugar a verdaderos hitos del diseño y han ayudado, sin ser su finalidad principal, a crear una imagen sostenible. Este artículo trata de narrar la historia de esas piezas y su contexto ecológico, para mostrar la operación de reutilización como estrategia de proyecto y como parte de un proceso holístico que pretende dar respuesta a cuestiones técnicas, funcionales y conceptuales, más allá de las meramente ecológicas.
Analysis of circulating miRNA levels in coronary heart disease patients with varying degrees of cardiovascular complications risk. correlations with the MSCT-CA data
Authors: Rozhkov Andrey N. , Shchekochikhin Dmitriy Yu. , Baulina Natalia М. , Matveeva Natalia A. , Favorova Olga O. , Akselrod Anna S. , Tebenkova Ekaterina S. , Gognieva Daria G. , Kopylov Philipp Yu.
Published: October 2020

Rationale. Cardiovascular diseases remain the leading cause of human death in the world. Studying the role of regulatory non-coding RNAs, which include short single-stranded miRNA molecules, allows a more detailed understanding of the pathological processes underlying the progression of atherosclerosis.
Objective to compare the levels of circulating miRNAs in patients with coronary heart disease, confirmed by multislice computed tomography-coronarography (MSCT-CA), with risks of cardiovascular complications and clinical and demographic characteristics. To compare the profiles of circulating miRNAs in groups of patients with stable and unstable atherosclerotic plaques.
Methods. MicroRNA levels in the plasma of peripheral blood of patients with coronary heart disease were determined using the miScript miRNA PCR Array MIHS-105Z kit (Qiagen). The significance of differences in miRNA levels between the compared groups was determined using the MannWhitney U-test. The correlations of the levels of circulating miRNAs with clinical and demographic parameters were evaluated using the Spearman correlation coefficient. Risk assessment of cardiovascular complications in these patients was carried out using validated scales (ACC/AHA, Framinghm, SCORE, MESA). Atherosclerotic plaque stability was evaluated using MSCT-CA.
Results. The study showed a significant (p 0.05) decrease in miR-16, miR-211, miR-195 miRNA levels in the plasma of patients with coronary heart disease, which correlated with an increase in cardiac vascular risk (CVR) according to ACC/AHA, Framingham and MESA. When comparing groups of patients with stable and unstable atherosclerotic plaques, the latter revealed an increase in the level of let-7b-5p circulating microRNA (p 0.05).
Conclusion. Significant associations of the three studied microRNAs with the estimated risk of CVR were identified. It is important to find circulating let-7b-5p in a group of patients with unstable atherosclerotic plaques. Correlations were established between the levels of circulating microRNAs and clinical and demographic characteristics of patients. The study shows the involvement of some microRNAs in the regulation of atherosclerosis.
COVID-19, hemostasis disorders and risk of thrombotic complications
Authors: Makatsariya Alexander D. , Slukhanchuk Ekaterina V. , Bitsadze Victoria O. , Khizroeva Jamilya Kh. , Tretyakova Maria V. , Tsibizova Valentina I. , Shkoda Andrei S. , Grandone Elvira , Elalamy Ismail , Rizzo Giuseppe , Gris Jean-Christophe R. , Schulman Sam , Brenner Benjamin
Published: October 2020

The spread of a new coronavirus infection worldwide since the end of 2019 has becomes a pandemic. Thrombotic complications are the leading cause of death in this disease. After entering the human body, the virus starts a cascade of reactions leading to the development of a cytokine storm, activation of all parts of the hemostasis and complement systems and other changes that result in disturbances in the circulation system with the development of multiple organ failures. Numerous studies have shown that a predictor of a severe course of COVID-19 is a sharp increase of D-dimer concentration in the blood and rise of some other markers of hemostasis activation. Based on the pathogenesis, the developed schemes for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 severe complications include low molecular weight heparins (LMWH) which are also recommended for an outpatient COVID-19 patient. The prescription of low molecular weight heparin, the duration of their use and doses should be decided on the basis of a risk assessment of factors for each individual patient in combination with laboratory monitoring.
Metodologias Ativas de Aprendizagem: Desafios dos Docentes de Duas Faculdades de Medicina do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
Authors: Biffi Maríndia , Diercks Margarita Silva , Barreiros Bárbara Cristina , Fajardo Ananyr Porto
Published: October 2020

Abstract: Introduction: The 2014 curricular guidelines for medical courses in Brazil aim to train humanist, critic, reflexive and ethic general practitioners, able to work at different levels of health care, primarily based within the National Unified Health System scope. To achieve this goal, higher education institutions must adopt educational technologies such as active learning methodologies, which encourage students to seek and build their own knowledge. This study aims to identify and analyze the challenges faced by Public Health teachers from two medical courses in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil in the use of Active Learning Methodologies. Method: The study was conducted as a qualitative research with a comparative case study approach, and the subjects comprised teachers of the abovementioned discipline in both universities. The information was collected through a sociodemographic questionnaire, semi-structured interviews, and semi-directed observation. The findings were assessed using thematic analysis and the questionnaire data were tabulated to assess its frequency. Result: The main findings were the understanding, on the part of the teachers, of the relevance of active methodologies in the teaching pedagogical processes, the difficulty of including them due to the lack of preparation, and the understanding of the need for the active teaching methodologies to guide the pedagogical project. Conclusion: It is concluded that the universities should be encouraged to build a continuing education project for the teaching staff in which these methodologies are assumed as the main point in the teaching practice, also contributing to reflect on the established training model, as well as to rethink the organization of the political pedagogical project of medical courses.
Active Learning Methodologies: Challenges for Professors of Two Medical Schools in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
Authors: Biffi Maríndia , Diercks Margarita Silva , Barreiros Bárbara Cristina , Fajardo Ananyr Porto
Published: October 2020

Abstract: Introduction: The 2014 curricular guidelines for medical courses in Brazil aim to train humanist, critic, reflexive and ethic general practitioners, able to work at different levels of health care, primarily based within the National Unified Health System scope. To achieve this goal, higher education institutions must adopt educational technologies such as active learning methodologies, which encourage students to seek and build their own knowledge. This study aims to identify and analyze the challenges faced by Public Health teachers from two medical courses in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil in the use of Active Learning Methodologies. Method: The study was conducted as a qualitative research with a comparative case study approach, and the subjects comprised teachers of the abovementioned discipline in both universities. The information was collected through a sociodemographic questionnaire, semi-structured interviews, and semi-directed observation. The findings were assessed using thematic analysis and the questionnaire data were tabulated to assess its frequency. Result: The main findings were the understanding, on the part of the teachers, of the relevance of active methodologies in the teaching pedagogical processes, the difficulty of including them due to the lack of preparation, and the understanding of the need for the active teaching methodologies to guide the pedagogical project. Conclusion: It is concluded that the universities should be encouraged to build a continuing education project for the teaching staff in which these methodologies are assumed as the main point in the teaching practice, also contributing to reflect on the established training model, as well as to rethink the organization of the political pedagogical project of medical courses.
Depressive Symptoms in Medical Students and Their Association with Hormonal and Socioeconomic Variables
Authors: Paula Gabriel Marcelo Rêgo de , Silva Vanessa Izidoro Alves , Tenorio Mariane Soriano Duarte Prado , Pinto Daniela Queiroz , Vasconcelos Camila Calado de , Barbosa Ana Soraya Lima
Published: October 2020

Abstract: Introduction: Depression disables and compromises quality of life, so that its high prevalence in medical students is a relevant problem. It is known that hormonal variables, such as cortisolemia, as well as socioeconomic factors can be related to the onset of depressive symptoms. This study aimed to verify the prevalence of depressive symptoms in medical students at a University Center in Maceió and analyze their correlation with serum cortisol levels, lifestyle and socioeconomic profile. Method: Quantitative, analytical and cross-sectional study of medical students from a private medical school in Maceió. A sample of 122 students participated in the study, which applied the Beck Depression Inventory, socioeconomic questionnaire and serum cortisol dosage. Results: Of the 78 women and 44 men participating in the study, 40 cases of depressive symptoms were identified (32.9%), of which 3 cases had severe depressive symptoms (2.5%), 9 cases had moderate depressive symptoms (7.4%) and 28 had mild depressive symptoms (23.0%). As for the cortisol levels, the mean value obtained was 12.72 µg/dL, with a maximum and minimum value of 29.7 µg/dL and 0.9 µg/dL, respectively. No correlation was found between depressive symptoms and morning serum cortisol levels in this study. Among the explanatory variables analyzed, only religion attained a statistically significant correlation with depressive symptoms, with a prevalence of higher scores in students who did not have a religion. Conclusion: It can be emphasized that there is a high prevalence of depression among medical students. The results obtained in this study show that the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis alteration is not the only etiology associated with the development of depression. In turn, religious practice showed to be statistically significant in relation to the lowest rate of depressive symptoms, revealing itself as a probable protective factor against the development of depression.
Relationship between physical elements and density of use of public spaces in Sana'a City
Authors: Alwah Abdulfattah A. Q. , Li Wen , Al-Fanini Sumyah M. , Alwah Mohammed A. Q. , Saad Galal A. S. , Tran Duc Thien , Xi Liu Bing , Yu Tian , Fadeleseed Safa
Published: October 2020

The characteristics of public spaces direct the behaviour of people within them, and consideration of the features of physical components of a space is essential for determining the degree of occupancy of that space. This study investigates the relationships between the characteristics of physical components of public open spaces and their density, and intensity of spatial use (DSU and ISU), applying to four selected public open spaces in Sana'a City in Yemen. Bedimo-Rung assessment tool-direct observation (Brat-do) is used in this study to examine the characteristics of the physical components of spaces, field surveys to determine their DSU and ISU values and behavioural maps to determine the diversity of activities in the spaces. The results showed a strong relationship between the DSU and the characteristics of the physical components of the studied spaces. The DSU was correlated with four of the five characteristics mentioned in the Brat-do tool: the features, conditions, aesthetics and safety of the spaces.
Macroeconomic News and Stock Prices Over the FOMC Cycle
Authors: McCoy Jack , Modugno Michele , Palazzo Dino , Sharpe Steve
Published: October 2020

We develop novel macroeconomic surprise indices to identify the impact of macroeconomic releases on aggregate stock market returns over the FOMC cycle. We find that the aggregate stock prices are positively correlated with our real economic activity news index and negatively correlated with our price news index.
Producción y composición química del aceite esencial de Dalea bicolor en diferentes regiones de Chihuahua, México
Authors: Vásquez-Montes Saúl , Villarreal-Guerrero Federico , Amaya-Olivas Nubia Ivette , Hernández-Ochoa León R.
Published: October 2020

Antecedentes: Dalea bicolor se desarrolla en el Desierto Chihuahuense. Es una fuente importante de forraje para el ganado y fauna silvestre y, se recomienda para biorremediación y restauración ecológica. Éste es el primer estudio sobre su aceite esencial.
Preguntas y/o hipótesis: ¿Cuánto aceite esencial produce D. bicolor al final de la floración? ¿Es la producción de aceite igual en regiones con diferentes condiciones ambientales? ¿Cuáles variables de clima y suelo influyen en la producción? ¿Qué compuestos tiene el aceite esencial?
Especie en estudio: Dalea bicolor .
Sitio de estudio y fechas: Cuatro regiones del estado de Chihuahua, en un rango latitudinal de 26° 34’ 12” N a 28° 47’ 24” N. El muestreo fue en noviembre de 2017.
Métodos: Extracción del aceite esencial por hidrodestilación. Análisis de varianza de la producción de aceite esencial entre regiones. Análisis de correlación entre la producción de aceite y variables de clima y suelo. Cromatografía de gases acoplada a espectrometría de masas para determinar los compuestos más probables del aceite esencial.
Resultados: La producción de aceite esencial fue diferente entre regiones, siendo significativamente mayor en Aldama con 5.18 ± 0.64 g·Kg-1 de materia seca. La producción está correlacionada positivamente con la temperatura y con la concentración de boro y zinc en el suelo. Se detectaron 17 compuestos en el aceite esencial.
Conclusiones: Altas temperaturas y suelos ricos en boro y zinc favorecen la producción de aceite esencial de D . bicolor . El principal compuesto del aceite esencial fue 3-careno, seguido por limoneno, ocimeno y ?-felandreno.
‘We come in as “the nothing”’
Authors: Borgstrom Erica , Cohn Simon , Driessen Annelieke
Published: October 2020

In our ethnographic study of palliative care in a UK medical setting, we concerned ourselves with instances when medical staff chose not do something, which we came to call ‘noninterventions’. Such instances raised an obvious question: how does one study something that is not happening? In this Position Piece, we outline three ways in which we have tried to engage with this methodological question, from the initial grant application process to the point we are at now: first, a somewhat positivist approach, which allowed us to delineate the phenomenon of our study; second, a following technique, adopted to understand noninterventions as and when they are conceived by our informants; and third, an approach that tries to trace enactments of ‘not doing’ by mapping the range of different practices and, in so doing, elucidates how ‘not doing’ invariably occurs alongside other forms of doing. We describe what these approaches have taught us so far and reflect on the limits of each. We do so in the hope of providing others with starting points for studying nothings, ‘not doings’, and absences.
Material deprivation and rates of all-terrain vehicle- and snowmobile-related injuries in Ontario from 2003 to 2018: a population-based study
Authors: Chu Alanna K. , van Ingen Trevor , Smith Brendan , Richmond Sarah A.
Published: October 2020

Objectives

Socio-economic status (SES) is a well-established predictor of health outcomes; however, there is a dearth of evidence on the relationship between SES and off-road vehicle (ORV) injuries. In Ontario, all-terrain vehicles (ATVs) and snowmobiles present a serious risk for preventable injury. This study assessed the association between area-level material deprivation and the risk of ATV- and snowmobile-related injuries in Ontario, as well as the impact of sex and age.

Methods

A population-based, repeat cross-sectional study was conducted using administrative data of ATV- and snowmobile-related emergency room visits from 2003 to 2018. Material deprivation was measured using the Ontario Marginalization Index, which assigned a score and quintile of deprivation to each dissemination area in Ontario. Age-standardized incidence rates and relative index of inequality values were calculated, stratified by quintile of deprivation, sex, age group, vehicle type, and health region.

Results

We found a significant, positive relationship between ORV-related injuries and quintile of material deprivation (RII = 1.28, 95% CI: 1.01–1.63). Rates of ATV- and snowmobile-related injuries remained stable over time. Across all age groups, sex, and rural categories, we found an inverse u-shaped relationship between rates of injuries and quintile material deprivation. Males, individuals living in rural areas, and adolescents and young adults experienced the highest rates of injuries.

Conclusion

Despite the positive relationship between ORV-related injuries and quintiles of deprivation, the inverse u-shaped relationship suggests that this increased risk of injury is likely related to exposure to ORVs. These results contribute to an understanding of the prevalence of the injury problem at a local level in Ontario. Stable rates of injury over time suggest that current public health programs are not sufficient in reducing these injuries, and further research should determine which factors amenable to intervention are contributing to increased risk of injury.
Фрейм как средство описания туристических объектов
Authors: Ли Ян
Published: October 2020

Статья посвящена проблеме применения фреймового подхода к описанию туристических объектов на примере русского, английского и китайского языков. Актуальность проблемы обусловлена, прежде всего, повышенным вниманием к вопросам специфики межкультурного и межъязыкового взаимодействия, а также необходимостью и важностью исследования структуры текста описания туристических объектов, его лексико-грамматического наполнения, особенностей модели и реализации. В статье отмечается важность выявления структуры и модели описания туристических объектов, позволяющих создавать сценарии и моделировать стандартную структуру конкретных текстов по мере усвоения и поступления сопутствующей и фактической информации, соединяя ее с накопленным опытом, а также выявляя и фиксируя те компоненты описания, которые являются общими для разных языков и культур. На основе проведенного анализа автором отмечается, что при выявлении специфики фрейма описания туристических объектов удалось выделить следующие основные обязательные слоты: 1) история строительства дворца; 2) внутренняя и внешняя отделка дворца; 3) чем знаменит дворец; 4) дворец сегодня; 5) адрес дворца. Эти слоты являются образами-отображениями соответствующих компонентов текста описания туристического объекта (ситуации описания объекта для привлечения к нему внимания туриста). Рассмотрение специфики фрейма как средства описания туристических объектов на материале русского, китайского и английского языков позволяет сделать вывод, что фреймовый подход является эффективным методом выявления логической структуры текстов описания туристических объектов. Изучение фрейма текста способствует распознаванию и фиксации общих элементов описания для исследуемых языков, что позволяет выработать общие параметры, которым будет отвечать описание туристического объекта.
О правовой природе платежного неттинга в соглашениях о финансовых сделках
Authors: Клементьев Алексей
Published: October 2020

В статье рассматривается платежный неттинг. Он применяется при осуществлении расчетов по финансовым сделкам, заключаемым на биржевых площадках и внебиржевом рынке. В частности, положения о платежном неттинге содержатся в правилах клиринга на организованных торгах, а также в стандартной документации, разработанной объединениями профессиональных участников российских и иностранных финансовых рынков для осуществления финансовых сделок на двухсторонней основе. В доктринальных источниках присутствуют различные воззрения на вопрос о гражданско-правовой природе неттинга. Автор анализирует эти источники и сравненивает платежный неттинг со смежными гражданско-правовыми институтами (отступное, новация и надлежащее исполнение обязательств).
Некоторые аспекты имплементации права Европейского Союза в правовых системах государств-членов
Authors: Галушко Дмитрий Вячеславович
Published: October 2020

Одним из важнейших аспектов функционирования современных региональных международных организаций является их взаимодействие их правовых систем с национальными правовыми системами государств-членов путём имплементации на национальном уровне. Особенно показательным и заслуживающим внимания в данном отношении выступает опыт Европейского Союза как наиболее развитой формы региональной интеграции государств. Цель исследования заключается в исследовании и анализе наиболее важных аспектов данного процесса в рамках ЕС, характеристике механизма имплементации права ЕС в национальных правовых системах государств-членов. Методология: в ходе исследования использовались как общенаучные методы познания, так и частноправовые методы (формально-юридический, догматико-правовой). Результаты: в статье обоснована эффективность применяемого механизма имплементации норм права ЕС, его специфика по сравнению с традиционной имплементацией международно-правовых норм, благодаря чему устраняются некоторые обычные недостатки данного процесса. Заключение: выводы, сделанные в результате исследования, могут быть использованы в отношении совершенствования и развития правовых систем международных организаций региональной интеграции с участием Российской Федерации, в частности, Евразийского Экономического Союза, а также процесса имплементации их норм в правовых системах государств-членов.
Preparative Methods of Competent Escherichia coli Cells v1
Authors: not provided evan__zh
Published: October 2020

This protocol is for the preparative of Competent Escherichia coli Cells.
Fluorescence Measurement v1
Authors: not provided evan__zh
Published: October 2020

The protocol is for the measurement of the fluorescence of GFP.
General bacteria and archaea 16S-rRNA (515Fmod-806Rmod) for Illumina amplicon sequencing v2
Authors: Angel Roey , Petrova Eva
Published: October 2020

Universal 16S rRNA probe-based-qPCR assay for bacteria. The primers target the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene and were specifically designed for Illumina amplicon sequencing. The original primers were designed by Caporaso et al. (2012) and modified by Walters et al. (2015). For barcoding, we use the Fludigm Access Array for barcoding the sample and therefore the primers are synthisized with the CS1 and CS2 regions.
The Influence of the Reaction Conditions on the Size of Silver Nanoparticles in Carey Lea’s Concentrated Sols
Authors: Vorobyev Sergey A. , Likhatski Maksim N. , Romanchenko Alexander S. , Ivanenko Timur Y. , Masharova Diana A , Volochaev Mikhail N. , Mikhlin Yuri L.
Published: October 2020

The reaction of reduction solution of Ag (I) by Fe (II) citrate complex was studied herein. This allows you to receive silver nanoparticles with high stability with a concentration above 60 g/l. It was determined that the nanoparticles size depends on the injection rate, mixing rate, reagent concentration, pH and some post-synthetic operations on the average size of nanoparticles. It was shown that decreasing the concentration of Ag (I) and increasing the concentration of stabilizer also bringing pH to 7 lead to small and uniform particles. Optimal conditions were found that made it possible to reduce particle size and reduce the concentration of reagents by 33 % in the results. According to XPS, TEM, DLS and FTIR datas, nanoparticles of metallic silver with a size of 6.5±1.8 nm were obtained, which stabilized by the product of partial decay of the citrate ion
Sulfation of Betulin with Chlorosulfonic Acid in Pyridine
Authors: Vasilyeva Natalia Yu. , Kazachenko Alexander S. , Malyar Yuriy N. , Kuznetsov Boris N.
Published: October 2020

It was found that when betulin is sulfated with chlorosulfonic acid in pyridine medium, 3,28-disulfate of betulin is formed in a stable salt form. Under optimal synthesis conditions: temperature 70 °C, duration 2 hours, molar ratio betulin / chlorosulfonic acid 4.0, betulin is completely converted into betulin 3.28-disulfate. The structure and composition of betulin 3,28-disulfate were confirmed by elemental analysis, IR, Raman and 13C NMR spectroscopy. Betulin 3,28-disulfate was isolated both in the form of an unstable H + -form and in a stable forms of sodium and pyridinium salts. Sodium salt of 3,28-disulfate is a needle-like crystals collected in cobweb-like aggregates. The sodium salt of 3,28-disulfate has mycellar properties, the critical concentration of mycellar formation is 0.23 mmol / L.
La imaginación y la Enseñanza de las Ciencias Naturales en la Educación Básica Primaria
Authors: Flórez-Aguirre Carolina , López-Ríos Sonia Yaneth
Published: October 2020

En este trabajo se presenta una revisión de literatura en el marco de una tesis doctoral que tiene como principal objetivo analizar los procesos de la Actividad Imaginativa de niños de la Educación Básica Primaria (6 a 10 años) en la construcción de Modelos Mentales relativos al fenómeno día-noche. La revisión se realizó en un periodo comprendido entre los años 2009 y 2018, en la perspectiva de la investigación documental. Se tuvieron en cuenta aquellos trabajos que contemplaban estrategias y actividades para la Enseñanza de las Ciencias Naturales, centrando la mirada en las que establecen algún tipo de relación con la imaginación. Entre los principales hallazgos se destaca la escasez de este tipo de trabajos, las pocas investigaciones llevadas a cabo en el contexto de la Educación Básica Primaria en comparación con otros niveles educativos y el énfasis dado, tanto al componente biológico como a los procesos de lectoescritura. Estos resultados sugieren el desarrollo de estudios que permitan la construcción e implementación de estrategias pertinentes para la enseñanza, aprendizaje y desarrollo de habilidades científicas en los primeros niveles de escolaridad. Además, resaltan la necesidad de incluir la imaginación como un elemento que transversalice dichas estrategias y actividades de enseñanza.
Public Perception of Urban Air Quality Using Volunteered Geographic Information Services
Authors: Grossberndt Sonja , Schneider Philipp , Liu Hai-Ying , Fredriksen Mirjam F. , Castell Nuria , Syropoulou Panagiota , Bartoňová Alena
Published: October 2020

Investigating perceived air quality (AQ) in urban areas is a rather new topic of interest. Papers presenting results from studies on perception of AQ have thus far focused on the individual characteristics leading to a certain AQ perception or have compared personal perception with on-site measurements. Here we present a novel approach, namely applying volunteered geographic information (VGI) technologies in urban AQ monitoring. We present two smartphone applications that have been developed and applied in two EU projects (FP7 CITI-SENSE and H2020 hackAIR) to obtain citizens’ perception of AQ. We focus on observations reported through the smartphone apps for the greater Oslo area in Norway. In order to evaluate whether the reports on perceived AQ contain information about the actual spatial patterns of AQ, we carried out a comparison of the perception data against the output from the high-resolution urban AQ model EPISODE. The results indicate an association between modelled annual average pollutant concentrations and the provided perception reports. This demonstrates that the spatial patterns of perceived AQ are not entirely random but follow to some extent what would be expected due to proximity of emission sources and transport. This information shows that VGI about citizens’ perception of AQ has the potential to identify areas with low environmental quality for urban development.
Engineering Students’ Algebra Difficulties: An Experiment with Computer-Aided Diagnostic Assessment
Authors: Homa Agostinho Iaqchan Ryokiti
Published: October 2020

Context: Engineering students have difficulties in solving problems involving Differential Calculus, and this is attributed to the epistemological difficulties of Calculus and the lack of mastery of algebraic manipulations. Objectives: The study investigates the problems with the basic mathematics of Engineering students through the analysis of error, making this error an observable object so that, in the self-management of knowledge, students take the necessary actions, if they wish, to develop the mathematical skills necessary to exercise the profession of Engineering. Design: For the study, qualitative research was carried out to investigate the difficulties in potentiation, radication, factorization, simplification, distributive property of multiplication in relation to addition, the order of operations, algebraic fractions, polynomials, and solution of polynomial and non-polynomial equations of a group of students from Engineering courses. Setting and participants: Students regularly enrolled in Engineering courses at Universidade Luterana do Brasil. Data collection and analysis: Data were extracted from the database of the computer-aided diagnostic assessment system (ADAC) after students performed their self-assessment. Results: In general, all students in the group had some difficulty with at least one of the evaluated contents. Even considering that the error can happen due to distraction, the number of students who answered incorrectly to two or more items by evaluated content was high, suggesting that the group has greater mathematical difficulties related to Algebra, in particular: simplifications, potentiation, operations with fractions, with roots and solving non-polynomial equations. Conclusion: For graduates of engineering courses, the use of mathematics to solve engineering problems is one of the skills to be developed during their training. From the results of the research carried out, the mathematical difficulties of most students in the group with some of the evaluated concepts were evident.
Focused radiofrequency treatment of postpartum vaginal relaxation syndrome
Authors: Dobrokhotova Yu. E. , Nagieva T. S.K. , Kareva E. N.
Published: October 2020

Aim: to assess the efficacy and safety of non-ablative radiofrequency treatment in the postpartum period in patients with vaginal relaxation syndrome and other initial manifestations of pelvic floor dysfunction (PFD).

Materials and Methods. 44 patients with complaints of the initial manifestations of PFD were enrolled into prospective randomized comparative study: 30 women in the main group and 14 in the control group. Diagnostic methods included medical history collection, objective examination, assessing condition of the perineum by visual inspection; standard clinical and laboratory studies; using the questionnaire for calculating the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI-19). Staging of pelvic organ prolapse was performed according to the POP-Q classification (Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification system). Measurement of the pelvic floor muscle contraction strength was performed by using a perineometer. A course of 3 procedures of radiofrequency non-ablative exposure of the vulvovaginal tissues in patients from the main group was performed 2 months after delivery, with 7-day interval. Assessment of the collagenogenesis and neoangiogenesis was carried out base on measuring expression level of the mRNA specific to proteins of the vaginal connective tissue by using real-time polymerase chain reaction.

Results. Our study allowed to find that anatomical and functional state of the vulvovaginal area and perineum were significantly improved as well as relief of PFD symptoms. The level of expression of decorin mRNA in patients from the main group before and after treatment were 0.1 ± 0.035 and 0.047 ± 0.002, respectively (p = 0.02, Wilcoxon t-test). The median values of mRNA expression of matrix metalloproteinase type 2 before and after treatment were 0.0177 and 0.013, respectively (p = 0.03). The expression of type III collagen mRNA before and after treatment was 0.0675 and 0.0109, respectively (p = 0.03).

Conclusion. The data obtained by us demonstrate positive effects after using monopolar radiofrequency therapy on the tissues in the vulva, vagina and perineum of patients in the postpartum period. However, clinical improvement in patients with PFD represents a cumulative result of morphological and functional changes in the tissues of the perineum as well as vulvovaginal region. We believe it is irrational to associate such positive effects solely with altered magnitude of the metabolism of collagen and other extracellular matrix proteins, due to dynamic balance and genetic determinism of decay and production of connective tissue proteins. The safety and role of radiofrequency therapeutic procedures in prevention and treatment of PFD require further investigation by assessing new markers and research methods, by extending observation period as well as increasing amount and quality of clinical observations.
Errors of antithrombotic therapy in management of pregnancy and childbirth after in vitro fertilization and transfer of two embryos
Authors: Stuleva N. S. , Doronicheva D. A. , Khamani I. V. , Orudzhova E. A.
Published: October 2020

Thrombophilia might be the essential pathogenetic mechanism of thromboembolism associated with pregnancy. Venous thromboembolism during or after assisted reproductive technologies is predicted to emerge due to increased number of women undergoing this technique. Low molecular weight heparins was effective for preventing recurrent thromboembolism and severe obstetric complications. Women with personal or family history of thromboembolism or with history of obstetric complications should be screened for thrombophilia.
Altered vascular stiffness and central pulse wave parameters in climacteric women
Authors: Salov I. A. , Tolstov S. N. , Rebrov A. P.
Published: October 2020

Aim: to assess changes in parameters of vascular stiffness, central aortic pressure (CAP) as well as reflected pulse wave in women in different phases of the climacteric period.

Materials and Methods. An open non-randomized single-center comparative study was conducted with 384 menopausal women subdivided into: Group 1 – 168 women at menopausal transition, Group 2 – 216 women at early postmenopause. A 24-hour blood pressure (BP) monitoring was performed with assessing daily dynamics of parameters of arterial stiffness, CAP and reflected pulse wave. The aortic pulse wave velocity and local aortic stiffness were estimated.

Results. It was found that women in early postmenopausal period vs. menopausal transition showed significantly higher values of daily central BP combined with more prominent changes in vascular stiffness. Menopausal women were characterized by lowered difference between nocturnal central and peripheral BP level (less amplified nocturnal vs. diurnal peripheral BP magnitude), which is associated with a greater augmented CAP at this time point. Such pattern was more pronounced in women at postmenopausal period.

Conclusion. Women in climacteric period were found to have increased vascular stiffness combined with elevated CAP, decreased amplification of pulse pressure and increased amplitude of the reflected pulse wave may be associated with increased risk of cardiovascular complications. Much more prominent changes were noted in women in early postmenopausal period.
About the image of mother with child in fine arts. Part III (final). XVIII–XXI centuries
Authors: Makatsariya N. A.
Published: October 2020

Here, issues related to envisioning mother holding a child in fine arts of XVIII–XXI centuries are discussed. Paintings of Vigee-Le Brun, Bouguereau, Monet, Klimt, Renoir, Dali, Rivera, Picasso are represented as well as works of Russian artists Vasnetsov, Vrubel, Kustodiev, Chagall, and modern painters Hanks and Berggren
Hemostasis in pregnant, parturient and puerperal women with preeclampsia
Authors: Mustafin M. G. , Yupatov E. Yu. , Kurmanbaev T. E. , Nibiullina R. M. , Timoshkova Yu. L. , Shmidt A. A. , Yakovlev N. V.
Published: October 2020

Introduction.Preeclampsia (PE) is a specific complication of pregnancy holding a lead place in maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. The development of PE in the maternal body is accompanied by severe hypercoagulation, disturbed anticoagulation and fibrinolytic systems. As a result, vascular microthrombosis in diverse organs with developing endothelial dysfunction, impaired utero-placental blood circulation emerge that leads to adverse perinatal outcomes.

Aim:to study status of coagulation arm in pregnant women with moderate and severe PE, after delivery by cesarean section, to optimize management of the postoperative period.

Materials and Methods.There were enrolled 50 pregnant women with PE: 16 with moderate and 34 with severe PE after surgical delivery. A status of coagulation arm was examined by evaluating major parameters in coagulogram (fibrinogen, activated partial thromboplastin time, prothrombin, international normalized ratio) as well as assay for early diagnostics of blood clotting disorders to reveal bleeding and thrombosis risks.

Results.It was found that prior to surgery patients with severe PE had significantly increased clot growth rate (V) by 1.09-fold (p = 0.001), relative clot density (D) by 1.15-fold (p = 0.001), and time of spontaneous clot appearance (Tsp) was accelerated by 2-fold (p = 0.001) compared to moderate PE. After surgical delivery, patients from both groups had changes evidencing about activated coagulation system: increased V, D, as well as the Tsp. Upon that, all such parameters in patients with severe PE were significantly elevated: the V – by 1.25-fold (p = 0.005); the D – by 1.1-fold (p = 0.02); the Tsp was accelerated by 2-fold (p = 0.03) compared to patients with moderate PE. All parameters in both groups tended to normalize on day 5 after surgical delivery, but patients with severe PE were shown to have significantly increased the V – by 1.5-fold (p = 0.001); the D – by 1.14-fold (p = 0.001); the clot size – by 1.14-fold (p = 0.001); the Tsp – accelerated by 41 % (p = 0.001) compared to patients with moderate PE.

Conclusion.Thus, patients with moderate and severe PE after surgical delivery by cesarean section were featured with markedly activated coagulation hemostasis, which may justify a prolonged use of low-molecular-weight heparins in the postoperative period, especially in patients with PE.
Problems of Professional Training of Specialists for Working with Children with Learning and Development Difficulties
Authors: Zaretsky V.K.
Published: October 2020

This article substantiates the thesis that one of the most important competencies of a modern teacher is the ability to assist students in overcoming learning difficulties. When providing assistance, the individual characteristics of the student should be taken into account, and the assistance itself should contribute to his development. The following is a description of the so-called “learning difficulty” as a resource for development. The psychological mechanisms are also described, the work of which turns educational activity into a source of development. In addition, the article poses a problem: how an adult (teacher, psychologist, parent), while helping a student in overcoming learning difficulties, can learn to create conditions for the development of a student in a situation of encountering learning difficulties. The main provisions of cultural and historical psychology act as theoretical and methodological grounds for providing assistance that contributes to the development of students: on the relationship between learning and development, on the zone of nearest development, on cooperation between a child and an adult, on the child’s conscious appropriation of the experience of joint activities. The provisions of cultural-historical psychology are supplemented by modern ideas about the role of the student’s subject position in relation to educational activity, about the student’s ability to reflect. The article also describes the long-term practice of helping various categories of students in overcoming learning difficulties. In this case, the means of the reflexive-activity approach are used. The practice itself has a deep theoretical foundation, which was worked out and formed the basis of the system for preparing students of the Moscow State University of Psychology & Education for providing psychological and pedagogical assistance to students with learning difficulties. This system is also a powerful resource for preparing teachers and psychologists to work with students with learning difficulties.
O TRABALHO SOCIAL NA REGULARIZAÇÃO FUNDIÁRIA DE INTERESSE SOCIAL
Authors: Lima Daniela De Freitas , Sousa Junior Almir Mariano de
Published: October 2020

O objetivo deste estudo é discutir a etapa de trabalho social voltada para a mobilização e sensibilização da população do conjunto habitacional Eldorado, localizado no município de Natal/RN, submetido à Regularização Fundiária de Interesse Social pelo Programa Regularização Fundiária Urbana das Unidades Habitacionais dos Diversos Municípios que compõem o Estado do Rio Grande do Norte (REURB-S) a partir do ano de 2018, e analisar sua importância neste contexto. Para tanto, realizou-se o acompanhamento das etapas de caracterização de áreas e mobilização da comunidade executadas pelo Programa supracitado. Verificou-se que a mobilização social foi fundamental para que a população entendesse a Regularização Fundiária e seus benefícios e participasse das demais etapas inerentes a esta atividade, como é o caso do Cadastramento Socioeconômico, que necessita de documentos de todos os integrantes das famílias e do acolhimento da comunidade para sua concretização. Portanto, o engajamento entre os promotores da Regularização Fundiária de Interesse Social e os beneficiários é imprescindível para o sucesso de todas as demais fases que a compõem.
RESULTADOS PÓS REGULARIZAÇÃO FUNDIÁRIA EM SÃO MIGUEL(RN)
Authors: Lima Daniela De Freitas , Sousa Junior Almir Mariano de , Queiroz José Henrique Maciel de , Lima Júnior Francisco Do O' de
Published: October 2020

A Regularização Fundiária Urbana de Interesse Social, regida pela Lei 13.465/2017, visa a incorporação dos núcleos urbanos informais ocupados predominantemente pela população de baixa renda ao ordenamento territorial e à titulação de seus habitantes. O objetivo deste trabalho é discutir os resultados dos três primeiros meses pós Regularização Fundiária de Interesse Social efetivada pelo Programa Acesso à Terra Urbanizada nos Núcleos Urbanos Tôta Barbosa e Nossa Senhora de Guadalupe, da Cidade de São Miguel/RN. Para tanto, foram acompanhados os procedimentos executados pelo referido Programa; realizadas entrevistas com moradores dos núcleos urbanos objeto de estudo, com a tabeliã de registro de imóveis de São Miguel/RN, com uma fiscal de tributos e com o prefeito municipal; verificadas as ações de melhorias para os Núcleos junto à Secretaria de Bem-Estar Social, Trabalho e Habitação de São Miguel/RN. Constatou-se que a Regularização Fundiária de Interesse Social colaborou para a promoção do direito à moradia adequada e para a instauração do direito à cidade, além de propiciar benefícios para o cartório, ao gerar clientes potenciais, e para o município que poderá utilizar os produtos gerados pelas diversas etapas da Regularização Fundiária para atualização cadastral, para o planejamento de ações e para a adoção de medidas voltadas para o território.
SANEAMENTO BÁSICO E DOENÇAS DE VEICULAÇÃO HÍDRICA: UM ESTUDO DA COMUNIDADE QUILOMBOLA DE REMANSO, LENÇÓIS-BA
Authors: De Souza Silva Aline , Laudano Lima Brenda , Spinola Carolina De Andrade
Published: October 2020

A precariedade dos serviços de saneamento básico apresenta estreita relação com o desenvolvimento das doenças de veiculação hídrica. A comunidade quilombola de Remanso se localiza na Chapada Diamantina, uma das principais regiões turísticas da Bahia e se constitui no ponto de partida para a exploração dos Marimbus, famoso atrativo conhecido como “Pantanal Baiano”, formado pelo rio Santo Antônio. Tendo como principal motivação a recente divulgação da contaminação de turistas por esquistossomose, em outros pontos de banho do mesmo rio e reconhecendo a vulnerabilidade social da referida comunidade, este artigo objetivou investigar os fatores que tornam os seus moradores mais susceptíveis a contrair doenças desta natureza. O presente trabalho é caracterizado como uma pesquisa descritiva, apoiada em estudo de campo que teve como principais procedimentos a aplicação de pesquisa de levantamento e de entrevistas semiestruturadas. Como principais conclusões, identificou-se que, para além dos aspectos infraestruturais e de suporte primário à saúde, as questões de ordem cultural são as mais determinantes para o adoecimento da população, indicando para a necessidade do investimento em campanhas de sensibilização para o tema.
VINHOS E PAISAGENS CULTURAIS NA REGIÃO DO DOURO: PATRIMÔNIO E TURISMO CULTURAL EM PORTUGAL
Authors: Gevehr Daniel Luciano , Berti Franciele , Matte Junior Alexandre Aloys
Published: October 2020

A Região do Douro, em Portugal, apresenta uma rica paisagem natural e uma ampla área vinhateira, que juntamente com o Rio Douro, que corta a paisagem, permitem a exploração da região como espaço turístico. O aprofundamento da análise sobre o turismo português, permite melhor compreender a dinâmica regional de desenvolvimento do Douro, tornando evidente que a região reconhece a importância do vinho e tenta explorar esse produto, aliado a rica paisagem natural. O desenvolvimento e aperfeiçoamento das atividades turísticas, Douro, são uma constante na região e demonstram, claramente, como a Universidade desempenha um papel fundamental, enquanto articuladora do processo de aproximação, do debate acadêmico e das ações, voltadas para o desenvolvimento regional.