bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Interrogating the origins of informal urbanisation: A socio-historical analysis from Paris and Madrid (1850s–1970s)
Authors: Manzano Gómez Noel A
Published: November 2023

Current perspectives on informal housing (particularly, the illegal development of precarious, self-produced housing areas) associate it with state regulations. However, scholars have yet to link informal housing and the socio-historical regulations that gave rise to the birth of urban planning at the beginning of the 20th century. This article draws on archival and historiographical research to discuss the juridical construction of informal urbanisation in two capital cities at the core of the world-system, Paris and Madrid. In both cities, shantytowns were legally developed from at least the 19th century. However, such spatial production was outlawed (without addressing the root causes) from the first decades of the 20th century. Thus, precarious housing became informal housing as we know it today, giving rise to comparable but differentiated patterns of legal and extra-legal shacks construction, commercialisation and control (much like those generally associated with the global south). This article traces the long-durée and transnational nature of the informalisation of self-produced housing during the first half of the 20th century. Housing tenure conditions and shelter rights were weakened not only in Europe but also in other areas under its political and cultural influence. European urban policies, developed during the first half of the 20th century, may have induced dynamics of informal spatial production at a global scale.
New Mothers With Postpartum Depression: A Qualitative Exploration of Healthcare Decision-Making
Authors: Borrero Lisa , Dietsch Aimee , Santurri Laura E. , Ewen Heidi H.
Published: November 2023

Postpartum depression (PPD) is a significant health issue for many new mothers in the weeks and months following a child’s birth. Quantitative data suggest that a mother’s PPD negatively impacts healthcare decision-making for the child via routine well-baby visits and pediatric care. However, little is known from a qualitative perspective about the factors that challenge or facilitate these healthcare decisions. The purpose of this descriptive qualitative study was to understand the perceptions of new mothers about factors contributing to their healthcare decision-making, for themselves and for their children, while living with PPD. The researchers used purposive sampling to recruit eight women from clinics, community organizations, and social media support groups who met the study’s inclusion criteria. Individual semi-structured interviews were carried out with eight participants about their PPD experiences, motherhood, and healthcare decision-making influences. Transcribed interviews and initial themes were shared with participants to verify researcher interpretations and aid in the analysis process. The researchers analyzed interview data using thematic analysis to cultivate an understanding of the phenomenon by identifying and interpreting patterns in the data. Three primary themes were drawn from the data analysis: (1) Importance of Clinician Trust and Support; (2) Balancing the Health of the Mother and Child; and (3) Other Support Structures That Facilitate Healthcare Decision-Making for the Mother and Baby Dyad. Participant experiences underscored the need for cohesive approaches by clinical providers of pre- and postnatal care. Group model approaches to postnatal care appear to mitigate or reduce the impact of PPD.
Medication Use Evaluation of Docusate Sodium in Constipation Prophylaxis and Opioid Induced Constipation at the WPB VA HCS Community Living Center
Authors: Faulkner Wesley , DiScala Sandra , Vartan Christine , Dakroub Belal , Silverman Michael , Bharadwaj Mythili
Published: November 2023

Introduction

Docusate sodium’s efficacy is widely debated. Several studies on opioid induced constipation (OIC) concluded that docusate sodium vs either placebo or in combination with sennosides provided no benefit.

Objective

This medication use evaluation aimed to investigate constipation treatment trends within the West Palm Beach VA Healthcare System Community Living Center, and to assess the therapeutic effectiveness of docusate sodium.

Methods

This was a retrospective review of data extracted from April 1, 2022, to September 30, 2022. Patients were included if they had oral orders for docusate sodium, sennosides, lactulose, and/or polyethylene glycol. Patients without active bowel regimen medications were excluded. Requirements for rescue constipation medication was evaluated.

Results

A total of 98 patients were reviewed. Docusate sodium was used in 43% (n = 42/98) of patients. Rescue medications were needed in 58% (n = 22/38) of patients receiving oral docusate sodium. 52% (n = 29/56) of patients without docusate sodium required rescue medications. For OIC treatment, when docusate sodium was added to other bowel regimens, 59% (n = 17/29) of patients needed a rescue medication, while 66% (n = 19/29) of patients without docusate sodium required a rescue medication. Patients on morphine were given the greatest quantity of rescue constipation medications (73%, n = 16/22).

Conclusion

Oral docusate sodium did not reduce the requirement for rescue constipation medications in the WPB VAHCS CLC population. When evaluating constipation treatment, docusate sodium may supply minimal benefit and could be identified as nonessential for deprescribing efforts. Morphine was the most constipating opioid used in this patient population, requiring more aggressive bowel regimens.
Analysis of Atypical Antipsychotics-Induced Adverse Events Related to Diabetes Mellitus in Patients With Dementia Using the Japanese Adverse Drug Event Report Database
Authors: Habuchi Fuga , Ishida Natsuko , Matsushita Ryo , Ishizaki Junko , Suga Yukio
Published: November 2023

Background:

Patients with dementia are prescribed low-dose atypical antipsychotics (AAPs) to treat psycho-behavioral symptoms. Although AAPs are known to cause diabetes mellitus–related adverse events (DMAEs), information regarding AAPs-induced DMAEs experienced by patients with dementia is lacking.

Objective:

To use the Japan Adverse Drug Event Report (JADER) database to assess the onset tendencies and patterns of DMAEs attributable to AAPs prescribed to patients with dementia.

Methods:

We performed an analysis using dementia cases from the JADER database that were registered from April 2004 to December 2022. Data in the JADER database are completely anonymized; thus, we did not require institutional review board approval for using the JADER database in our study. The reporting odds ratio and proportional reporting ratio (PRR) were used to assess the onset tendencies of DMAEs with AAPs. In addition, Weibull shape parameters were used to assess the patterns of DMAEs that occur with the use of AAPs.

Results:

We identified AAPs associated with DMAEs. In particular, low doses of quetiapine showed the potential to induce DMAEs. An analysis of the onset of DMAEs showed the early failure patterns for AAPs (median onset = 38 days).

Conclusion and Relevance:

The AAPs may cause DMAEs in patients with dementia. Low doses of quetiapine may induce DMAEs. Health care workers should focus on the development of DMAEs during the early administration period of AAPs. These results may assist with the safe management of patients with dementia who use AAPs.
Enhancing Student Video and YouTube Streaming with Open Broadcaster Software Studio
Authors: Siegle Del
Published: November 2023

Gifted and talented students with an interest in technology can use their advanced cognitive abilities to create webinars and workshops, research presentations, artistic showcases, literary discussions in a variety of languages, digital portfolios, and community and club activities. With YouTube evolving into a primary source of information among teens, this article describes how students can create a four scene broadcast using Open Broadcaster Software Studio (OBS) and how to set up streaming on YouTube. The author concludes that OBS Studio can serve as a powerful medium for gifted and talented students to not only express their creativity and expertise but also to foster collaborative learning, engage with a wider audience, and make meaningful contributions to their educational community.
Preparing Educators of Gifted and Talented Students to Decolonize Children’s Literature
Authors: Ford Donna Y. , Tyson Cynthia A.
Published: November 2023

As we write this paper in late 2023, Advanced Placement (AP) Black history, psychology courses and the use of diverse literature written for children and young adults is being banned by many school districts across the United States. Educators are being threatened, sanctioned, reprimanded, and fired. Despite this, some teachers stand steadfast in their commitment to pedagogies that use authentic literature about and by diverse historians, authors, social activists, and researchers, to name a few. In this article, we discuss the importance of gifted and talented (GATE) being taught Black history and culture that centers diverse literature that recognizes, respects, and celebrates similarities and differences within and across cultures including ethnicity, nationality, age, gender, gender expression, sexual orientation, socioeconomic status, geographic location, language, and religion, and physical, cognitive, and emotional ability. We do this within the frameworks of children’s literature as a site for decolonization and Bishop’s metaphor of “mirrors, windows, and sliding glass doors” (Bishop, 1990). While acknowledging that many GATE students are avid readers, we maintain that all children benefit from education that includes diverse literature and share recommendations for change.
Numerical solution of Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman PDEs in stochastic optimal control problems using fractional-order Legendre collocation method
Authors: Nikooeinejad Zahra , Heydari Mohammad
Published: November 2023

The collocation method is one of the most powerful and effective techniques to solve nonlinear differential equations. This method reduces the original problem to a system of algebraic equations. Awareness of the nature of the problem and the analytical behavior of the solution has an important influence on the choice of type and number of basis functions required by the collocation method for solving the different classes of differential equations. In general, the polynomial basis functions such as the Legendre polynomials are not always an appropriate choice to approximate the functions that can be expanded based on monomial basis functions with real powers. In such cases, a combination of polynomial basis functions with some maps to replace the natural powers with arbitrary real powers can be a suitable alternative. This paper presents a collocation method based on the shifted fractional-order Legendre functions to solve the linear and nonlinear Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman PDEs in stochastic optimal control problems. The convergence analysis of the proposed method has also been investigated. Moreover, the method is used to solve some practical problems with different solution structures such as resource extraction and Merton’s portfolio selection models. Numerical results for four different examples indicated that the collocation method based on the fractional-order Legendre functions are provided. Due to the non differentiability of the solution of HJB PDEs at x = 0 for resource extraction and Merton’s portfolio selection models, the Legendre collocation method cannot produce solutions with the desired accuracy. In fact, it is observed that the collocation method based on the fractional-order Legendre functions can be more efficient than the standard Legendre collocation method. Also, the sample paths of the control and state processes are obtained together with the estimate given by the Monte Carlo simulation.
Joint effect of heat, pH and grape extract on Bacillus cereus spores survival in a rice solution
Authors: Valdez-Narváez María Inés , Grau-Fuentes Eva , Morató Natalia , Garzón-Lloría Raquel , Rodrigo Dolores
Published: November 2023

Rice due to its high carbohydrate content, is an ideal medium for Bacillus cereus growth, a spore-producing microorganism. The objective of this study was to determine the antimicrobial activity of a grape extract in combination with heat treatments and different pH against B. cereus spores in a rice solution. The survivor data obtained were fitted to the Weibull survival function, and the values of parameters a and b (scale and shape indexes, respectively) were determined. Results showed that the grape extract affected the survival of B. cereus spores at 90 °C and 95 °C, reaching greater logarithmic reductions in acidic pH values. This behaviour was reflected in a parameter of the Weibull survival function which decreased as the temperature increased and at acidic pH values. In addition, a secondary model was developed by relating the logarithm of a to the independent variables (temperature and pH). A global model relating B. cereus inactivation with temperature and pH was developed, and validated by calculating the accuracy factor. The results demonstrate the usefulness of grape extract as a by-product, which can be used as an additional control measure for rice, especially when combined with mild heat treatments and acidic pH values.
The 2020 De-Policing: An Empirical Analysis
Authors: Kim Dae-Young
Published: November 2023

In 2020, police activities decreased substantially across large U.S. cities in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic and the killing of George Floyd by a police officer. Less well understood are when and where the de-policing phenomenon took place. Using NYC panel data from 2017 to 2022 at the census tract level, the study found significant declines in proactive policing, immediately subsequent to the stay-at-home order and/or death of George Floyd. However, all police activities began increasing during the summer of 2020 and ultimately returned to the pre-intervention level and afterwards above it in early 2022. In addition, there is evidence that both the pandemic and BLM protests interact with neighborhood factors in affecting police activities, but not in the same direction. The results are robust across a range of model specifications. Finally, research and policy implications are discussed.
A novel track guidance ultrasound facilitates radial arterial cannulation: A prospective randomized controlled trial
Authors: Liu Yongzhe , Dong Yuyan , Liu Yi , Xu Longhe
Published: November 2023

Background:

Ultrasound guidance for radial arterial cannulation is currently considered a best practice approach despite its clear advantages over the blind and palpation technique, the success rate is related to several factors, including clinician’s experience and technical ability. The study aimed to explore the use of a novel track guidance ultrasound that may increase the success rate of radial arterial cannulation.

Methods:

A randomized controlled trial was conducted, in which 80 adults scheduled for elective surgery requiring radial arterial cannulation were recruited and randomly assigned to either the experimental group, which utilized novel track ultrasound guidance (group T, n = 40), or the control group, which utilized traditional ultrasound guidance (group U, n = 40). The novel track guidance ultrasound comprises a positioning track and a guided track. The radial artery could be positioned at the center of the positional track on the ultrasound image, and the direction and angle of needle are fixed and toward the center of the positioning track. The primary endpoint of the study was the first-pass cannulation success rate, while the secondary endpoints included the failure rate of cannulation, the number of radial artery punctures, the time of cannulation, and the incidence of hematoma.

Results:

The success rate of cannulation at the first attempt in group T (35 of 40 (87.5%)) was significantly higher than that in group U (23 of 40 (57.5%); p = 0.003). Although seven patients in Group U (7 of 40 (17.5%)) experienced failed cannulation compared to one in Group T (1 of 40 (2.5%)), the difference in failure rate between the two groups did not reach statistical significance ( p = 0.06).

Conclusions:

The implementation of novel track ultrasound guidance has demonstrated a notable improvement in the success rates at the first attempt while reducing the frequency of punctures and cannulation times.
Similar outcomes of arteriovenous fistulae created under general or regional anesthesia
Authors: Drouven Johannes W , Fernhout Meine H , de Bruin Cor , van Roon Arie M , Bokkers Reinoud PH , Zeebregts Clark J
Published: November 2023

Background:

There is growing evidence that type of anesthesia can significantly change vascular access surgery outcomes. Still, there is limited evidence on the impact of regional anesthesia (RA) on patency and failure rates compared to general anesthesia (GA). The aim of this study was to compare the outcomes of RA and GA in patients who underwent vascular access creation at our center.

Methods:

Data collected in our prospectively maintained database of patients with chronic renal dysfunction requiring hemodialysis were analyzed, 464 patients were included. Outcome parameters such as maturation, primary failure, postoperative flow measurements, patency rates, and survival outcomes were compared between RA and GA groups.

Results:

In this study 489 vascular access procedures were performed in 464 patients, 318 included in the RA group and 171 in the GA group. Median follow-up time was 29.9 (IQR 37.3) months in the RA group versus 33.0 (IQR 40.7) in the GA group ( p = 0.252). Anesthesia type did not significantly affect patient survival (HR, 1.01; CI, 0.70–1.45; p = 0.976). No significant differences were found in vascular access flow volume, primary failure, or time to cannulation between the RA and GA groups for both radiocephalic arteriovenous fistulae and brachiocephalic arteriovenous fistulae. Anesthesia type did not significantly change patency outcomes.

Conclusions:

Based on our results, both RA and GA demonstrate similar results regarding patient survival, maturation, failure, or patency after vascular access creation. Still, patient-specific factors for each type of anesthesia as well as patient preference should be considered.
Clinicopathologic Features and Prognosis of Female Early Breast Cancer With HER2 Low Expression: A Propensity Score Matched Analysis
Authors: Dai Lanyi , Huang Qiyuan , Guo Rong , Zhu Keying , Tang Yiyin , Chen Dedian , Huang Sheng
Published: November 2023

Background:

Metastatic breast cancer (MBC) patients with low expression of human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2) have been proven to benefit from HER2 targeted therapy. We aimed to determine how HER2-low status affected survival and metastatic risk as well as how it affected pathological complete response (pCR) in neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) patients.

Methods:

According to the results of immunohistochemistry (IHC) and in situ hybridization (ISH) testing, 321 female patients were sorted into HER2-low (IHC 1+/2+ with ISH negative) and HER2-zero (IHC 0) groups using propensity score matching (PSM). Overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), and distant disease-free survival (DDFS) were compared for both groups, while pCR was only analyzed for NAC patients.

Results:

In total, 97 patients in each group after PSM were included. We discovered that pCR was not associated with HER2 expression status in 45 patients who underwent NAC. Five-year OS in the HER2-low group was significantly higher (98.99%) than in the HER2-zero group (95.87%, P = .044); however, this difference was not reflected in the 5-year DFS (90.61 vs 90.52%, P = .868) and 5-year DDFS (93.67 vs 91.53%, P = .757). Meanwhile, multivariate analysis revealed that HER2-low expression could indicate better OS ( P = .047, hazard ratios [HRs] = 16.121, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.035-251.046), but it had no prognostic value for DFS or DDFS.

Conclusion:

When compared with HER2-zero expression, HER2-low expression was not connected to pCR and could not modify metastasis risk in female patients with early-stage breast cancer (BC), but it may prolong patient survival.
“Fast First and Then Slowly” Steroid-Tapering Regimen in Managing Corticoid-Sensitive Patients With Severe Immunotherapy Complications After Anti-PD-(L)1 Therapy for Cancer
Authors: Gui Qi , Xie Liping , Cheng Shaoqi , Xu Chengcheng
Published: November 2023

Background:

We aimed to assess the efficacy of the “fast first and then slowly” steroid-tapering regimen used in managing corticoid-sensitive patients with severe irAE after anti-PD-(L)1 therapy. Corticosteroids are the primary therapy for severe immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Less is known about the standard steroid-tapering regimen for corticoid-sensitive patients.

Methods:

This study was a single-center, retrospective medical record review of patients with severe irAE after anti-PD-(L)1 treatment for cancer from October 13, 2021 to October 20, 2022. The efficacy was assessed by Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) grading system.

Results:

Among the 187 patients with severe irAEs associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), 136 (72.7%) cases were corticoid-sensitive, and 96 (51.3%) cases were scheduled “fast first and then slowly” steroid-tapering regimen. And of these, 87 (90.6%) cases got irAEs solution.

Conclusions:

The “fast first and then slowly” steroid-tapering regimen stayed shorter in the hospital. More studies are needed to confirm this efficacy and find more details about the steroid-tapering regimen.
Drones and Beyond Human Environments
Authors: Cureton Paul , Coulton Paul , Lindley Joe
Published: November 2023

Discussions of beyond-human worlds have primarily considered post-anthropocentric models in response to climatic breakdown. However, we must also account for an increasingly techno-mediated experience in the landscape of everyday life through emerging pervasive and ubiquitous robotics in the built environment, particularly drones and their wider social impact. This paper presents two methods of understanding: speculative ontography for more-than-human understanding and design fiction as an alternate and heterogeneous world-building task that moves beyond corporate technological visions and “captured” futures. These methods are set in context with two specific diegetic prototypes: “Game of Drones,” a drone-gamified civic enforcement tool, and “Drone Logi*,” a drone logistics game for more-than-human alternative visions. The design fiction approaches develop an understanding of emerging robotic sentience within broader constellations and services.
Multimodal online dissident culture in Instagram: A critique of the Turkish economy
Authors: Arda Balca , Baş Özen
Published: November 2023

Ever-present mass surveillance has blocked the flourishing of a traditional dissident culture in Turkey. Focusing on popular ‘just for fun’ Instagram accounts during the lira's freefall that began in the autumn of 2021, this study seeks to identify the creative strategies for digital social resistance embedded in multimodal content sharing of posts, which are composed of visuals, text, and sound. For this, we employed a multimodal-type analysis of Instagram posts regarding Turkey's economic crisis, followed by an interpretative content analysis aiming to (1) identify, categorize, and compile a typology of the main countersurveillance strategies inherent in multimodal posts, such as memes, edited videos, and animations, Photoshop-crafted still images, and (2) explore the contextual traits of the connected dissident culture. We discuss how these multimodal-type posts support connected dissident group formation while maintaining confidentiality while criticizing governmental conduct of economic policy making in Turkey.
Influence mechanism of copper interlayer on the interface bonding during wire and laser additive repair of TA1/Q235 bimetallic sheets
Authors: Zhang Hetian , Xu Rongzheng , Zhao Xiao , Cheng Jian , Yan Wandi
Published: November 2023

Titanium/steel bimetallic sheets are extensively employed in engineering applications due to their excellent cost performance and high corrosion resistance. However, the interface defect is easy to form due to significant differences in physical and chemical properties between titanium and iron, which need to be improved through effective repair techniques. The wire and laser additive manufacturing (WLAM) method is implemented to repair TA1/Q235 bimetallic sheets. The addition of a copper interlayer plays a crucial role in the repair process. According to the results, S201 copper wire is used as the interlayer material, while TA1 wire serves as the deposit material in the repair process using the WLAM technique. Under the conditions of a laser power setting of 1500 W, a defocusing amount of −40 mm, a deposition speed of 1 mm/s and an argon flow rate of 23 L/min, the interface defects are effectively addressed, leading to successful repair. The WLAMed copper interlayer avoids direct contact between the titanium repaired layer and the steel base layer, improving the interface bonding characteristics. The interior of the repair region of TA1-Q235 bimetallic sheets is made of the pure copper layer, Cu2Ti + Cu4Ti3 layer, CuTi layer, CuTi2+β-Ti layer and pure titanium layer. The copper-titanium compound region exhibits a pronounced increase in hardness, with the repair region achieving a tensile strength of 436 MPa. Notably, the fracture position occurs within the repair region, with the titanium side exhibiting brittle fracture and the steel side displaying ductile fracture.
Cosmopolitan tourists in P2P accommodation: An exploratory study of online reviews on airbnb
Authors: Casais Beatriz , Cardoso Catarina
Published: November 2023

This study compares guest reviews of Airbnb accommodations by country of origin, in order to identify cultural evidences. An exploratory study was conducted in two selected Airbnb accommodations through content analysis of 775 reviews by guests from 32 different countries. The authors analysed the data according to two dimensions of Hofstede’s Cultural Theory: (1) individualism/collectivism - the vision that the well-being is achieved by the action of each individual versus the collaboration of the society as a group; and (2) masculinity/femininity – a patriarchal society seeking success versus a society where quality of life is based on the well-being of all. The results suggest homogeneity in online reviews by country of origin. This result may be justified by the prevalence of cosmopolitan tourists in Peer-to-Peer (P2P) accommodation – those travellers with experience worldwide, looking to contact with the locals and who avoid reflecting cultural values due to their cosmopolitan mindset. The paper provides important implications both for managers of P2P platforms looking for universal legitimacy and to the theoretical research into cultural studies regarding the cosmopolitanism of the sharing economy.
Response to ‘The Work of Repair: Land, Relation, and Pedagogy’ by Sara Smith et al.
Authors: Lewis Jovan Scott
Published: November 2023

This response to ‘The Work of Repair: Land, Relation, and Pedagogy’ engages with the authors’ cases of Black Mesa, Port Arthur, Dzongu, and the University to further advance how the working of repair among geographers must be undertaken with greater assertiveness if the discipline of geography will be able to produce a reparative effect in its scholarship. Ultimately, the response asks what is repair, a question that this paper encourages geographers to boldly ask and answer.
International Education in Asia: The Changing Market
Authors: Probert Simon
Published: November 2023

Given the rapid rise in recent years of British international education for local, rather than expatriate, students in Asia, this paper considers this fast-growing sector in the context of the history of British-style and English language education in Asia. Specifically using a post-colonialist framework as a means of critique of the notion of a British-style ‘international education’, it considers the challenges this new wave of international schools faces in terms of ensuring their curriculum and values are embedded in a local context. Using Asia alongside the West, as a reference point for curriculum planning and intercultural understanding, this paper then considers ways in which this new wave of schools can engage meaningfully with local as well as western contexts, reframing notions of ‘global citizenship’ in the process.
Construction and selection of deformation monitoring model for high arch dam using separate modeling technique and composite decision criterion
Authors: Chen Rengui , Wu Zhenyu
Published: November 2023

Deformation prediction is important to ensure the safe and stable operation of arch dams. Statistical models are extensively applied in arch dam deformation monitoring models, which generally include hydrostatic pressure component, temperature component, and aging (irrecoverable) component. In traditional statistical models, aging component is misset, which will cause unreasonable mutual compensation of each component, resulting in overfitting of the overall model. In this paper, the deformation model based on separate modeling technology is, therefore, proposed mitigating the overfitting problem caused by misspecification of the expression of the aging component in traditional statistical models. Dam deformation components related to different effects are extracted from the deformation monitoring sequence with improved complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise algorithm and equal water level condition. The correct components of the monitoring model are constructed separately. On the one hand, the fitting accuracy of the model is reflected by the coefficient of determination ( R2); on the other hand, the overfitting degree of the model is quantitatively evaluated by the overfitting coefficient (OC), so that the model with high fitting accuracy and prediction accuracy is determined, that is, the optimal model is selected by using the R2-OC criterion. In this paper, displacement monitoring data from measurement points are used for analysis. The results show that the deformation monitoring model based on the separated modeling technique exhibits higher prediction accuracy and lower false alarm rate. The R2-OC criterion better reflects the degree of overfitting of the monitoring model and the real situation of arch dam monitoring and warning, which improves the accuracy of model selection.
Is compulsory care ethically justified for patients with borderline personality disorder?
Authors: Lundahl Antoinette , Helgesson Gert , Juth Niklas
Published: November 2023

Patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD) are overrepresented in compulsory inpatient care for suicide-protective reasons. Still, much evidence indicates negative effects of such care, including increased suicide risk. Clinical guidelines are contradictory, leaving clinicians with difficult ethical dilemmas when deciding on compulsory care. In this study, we analyse the arguments most commonly used in favour of compulsory care of BPD patients, to find out in what situations such care is ethically justified. The aim is to guide clinicians when deciding on compulsory care for BPD patients and reduce the use of potentially harmful care. The arguments analysed are (a) the patients lack decision competence, (b) the patients lack authenticity, (c) compulsory care saves the patient from suicide, (d) compulsory care safeguards against litigation, complaints, or doctor's anxiety, (e) compulsory care is a practical solution in emergencies, and (f) it is better for the caregiver to ‘err on the safe side’. We conclude that compulsory care is not ethically justified in most cases unless the clinician has probable reason to believe that the patient lacks decision capacity by suffering from a severe mental co-morbidity and stands to benefit from such care.
Reading Matters in Supporting Students: The Role of Complex Literacy Tasks in Academic Success
Authors: Lampi Jodi P. , Armstrong Sonya L. , Talwar Amani , Magliano Joseph P.
Published: November 2023

The goals of this study were to understand whether foundational or complex literacy skills predict performance in the course and subsequent early college success. The course emphasizes the preparation of students’ readiness to strategically and contextually engage in discipline-specific courses and practices. Students in a reading and study strategies course were administered assessments of proficiencies in the foundational skills of reading and complex literacy skills. The findings suggest that complex literacy skills, such as those foregrounded in this course, correlated with student success (as measured by the cumulative GPA) for the subsequent three semesters. A major implication of this study is that successful college reading requires the ability to engage in complex, strategic, and contextualized tasks appropriate to the specific reading tasks at hand. Colleges may benefit from providing these spaces and structures for students to learn these contextualized literacy skills.
Instruments for the Identification of Child Sexual Exploitation: A Systematic Review
Authors: Benavente Beatriz , Bully Paola , Ballester Lluís
Published: November 2023

To perform a systematic search of instruments for the early identification of risk of sexual exploitation in children (CSE) and appraise their metric properties. Searches were conducted in four electronic databases to identify instruments that only evaluated child sexual exploitation with no restrictions of date or language. Two reviewers independently carried out the initial selection of titles and abstracts, appraisal of the methodological quality, compliance with the entry criteria in the analysis, and extraction of data necessary to systematize the information available. Twenty-three articles were found that used 15 CSE detection instruments. The instruments varied with regard to number of questions, ease of administration, sources of information, rating methods, and the training information provided. What they had in common is that most were designed and used in the English-speaking world, basically in the United States, with few instruments providing solid proof of their validity and reliability in the scores derived thereof. Although instruments were obtained with significant similarities in their conceptualization, differences in multiple characteristics made it difficult to draw clear conclusions regarding their greater or lesser suitability. What did become clear was the need to keep working on obtaining rigorous empirical psychometric evidence.
Expanding Our Understanding of Traffickers and Their Operations: A Review of the Literature and Path Forward
Authors: Barrick Kelle , Sharkey Thomas C. , Maass Kayse Lee , Song Yongjia , Martin Lauren
Published: November 2023

Human trafficking is a serious crime and violation of human rights that results in numerous harms. Although the phenomenon is not new, scholarship on the issue has grown substantially since the first legal framework was passed in 2000. However, the existing literature has been criticized for its skewed focus on victims, among other things. The dearth of information on traffickers and their operations limits our ability to reduce or prevent perpetration. The current study presents a comprehensive and critical review of the existing literature focused on traffickers to synthesize what is already known and highlight the key gaps. Twenty-nine articles met the inclusion criteria of (1) focusing on traffickers and their operations and (2) relying on data either directly from traffickers or sources that contained detailed information about criminal cases against traffickers. We used an iterative process to identify relevant studies, which included collecting articles of which we were already familiar or were identified in existing reviews, searching their reference lists, and conducting cited-by searches until saturation was reached. Topics found in the extant literature included: characteristics of traffickers, relationships between traffickers and victims, organizational characteristics and networks, operations, connections with other crimes, motivations, perceptions of behavior, and risks associated with trafficking. It concludes with recommendations for future research and a discussion of how bridging gaps in the literature could support more rigorous mathematical modeling that is needed to identify and assess promising perpetration prevention and intervention strategies.
Adverse Childhood Experiences and Psychological Correlates of Substance Use Disorders Among Black Sexual Minority Women
Authors: Thorpe Shemeka , Palomino Kaylee A. , Malone Natalie , Stevens-Watkins Danelle
Published: November 2023

This study examined the influence of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) on Black sexual minority women’s mental health and substance use disorders in adulthood. Secondary data analysis was conducted using N = 149 Black sexual minority women’s reports from the Generations Study. Study variables included psychological distress, chronic strains, stressful life events, ACEs, and substance use disorders, including alcohol use disorder and drug use disorder. Quantitative data analysis consisted of descriptives and bivariate correlations. Participants’ total ACE scores were positively significantly correlated with increased alcohol misuse, chronic life strains, and stressful life events. Exposure to household interpersonal violence and household mental illness during childhood were significantly correlated with alcohol misuse. Black sexual minority women with ACEs are at higher risk for mental health concerns throughout their lifespan and maladaptive coping strategies (e.g., substance use). Implications for counselors and therapists are provided.
Occupational Therapy for Poststroke Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms in Inpatient Rehabilitation
Authors: Pisegna Janell , Knebel Rachel , Juckett Lisa , Darragh Amy , Nichols-Larsen Deborah S. , Krok-Schoen Jessica L.
Published: November 2023

Poststroke anxiety and depressive symptoms (P-SADS) affect one in three people and are associated with decreased participation in activities of daily living. This study sought to characterize occupational therapy (OT) P-SADS care practices and identify factors influencing P-SADS care provision in one U.S. inpatient rehabilitation (IRF) facility. An explanatory sequential mixed-methods study design was used by gathering data from electronic health records (from January 1, 2019 to December 31, 2019) as well as semi-structured interviews with OT practitioners in the IRF. No objective P-SADS screens were documented nor were any P-SADS-focused goals written. Minimal evidence-based P-SADS interventions were identified. Practitioners reported multi-level barriers to OT P-SADS care including limited time, pressure to prioritize physical recovery, and inadequate resources to guide practice. OT practitioner P-SADS care was inconsistent with established evidence-based practice. This research identifies gaps in comprehensive stroke recovery and informs implementation efforts to support evidence-based P-SADS care in IRFs.
MeTooOT: Sexual Harassment Experiences of Occupational Therapy Academics and Recommendations for Systemic Change
Authors: Proffitt Rachel , Kraus Bridget , Jozkowski Amanda C. , Shea Lemoins Samantha , Kersey Jessica , Brick Rachelle , Schwartz Jaclyn K. , Hoyt Catherine R.
Published: November 2023

Sexual harassment is pervasive in academic health fields. Although a predominantly female profession, early career academics and trainees in occupational therapy (OT) remain vulnerable to sexual harassment. We aimed to describe experiences of sexual harassment of female-identifying academic OT practitioners. We conducted surveys and interviews using Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis to examine participants’ experiences. Ten participants completed the survey and/or interview. Experiences ranged from inappropriate comments to persistent sexual assault. Four themes (blurred lines, unbalanced consequences, “how did I get here?” and “we don’t talk about it”) were generated based on participant responses. Power dynamics and the cultures and values of the OT profession were underlying elements of all themes. The consequences of sexual harassment were severe and affected personal and professional growth. For OT research and education to thrive, stronger support for victims and consistent, appropriate consequences for perpetrators are necessary to minimize negative outcomes for victims.
Occupational Therapists in Patient Navigation: A Scoping Review of the Literature
Authors: Kokorelias Kristina M. , Singh Hardeep , Thompson Alexandra N. , Nesbitt Amy E. , Shiers-Hanley Jessica E. , Nelson Michelle L. A. , Hitzig Sander L.
Published: November 2023

This review seeks to understand the literature on patient navigator programs (PNPs) that employ occupational therapists (OTs), including the role (conceptualization), functions (operationalization) of OTs who work as patient navigators (PNs) and the settings and populations they serve. This review also mapped the role of PNs to the 2021 Competencies for Occupational Therapists in Canada. Scoping review methodology by Arksey and O’Malley (2005) was employed. Data were analyzed thematically and numerically to identify frequent patterns. Ten articles were included. Within PNPs, OTs worked in hospitals and communities, but their role was rarely well-defined. Five competency domains (i.e., communication and collaboration, culture, equity and justice, excellence in practice, professional responsibility, and engagement with the profession) were evident in existing PNPs that included OTs. This review supports the increasing interest in OTs as PNs by demonstrating the alignment between the OT competencies and roles and functions of OTs working within PNPs.
Evidence-Based Practice: Implementing REIS Findings in South African Aged Care Facilities
Authors: Kilian Melissa , Van der Merwe Tania Rauch , du Toit Sanetta H. J.
Published: November 2023

Background:

Older adults living in Residential Aged Care Facilities (RACFs) in South Africa are often exposed to environments that fail to provide adequate occupational opportunities. Practitioners in developing economies are challenged to provide therapeutic services in environments that emphasize occupational deprivation.

Objectives:

This study investigated barriers and enablers to implementing recommendations derived from the findings generated by the Residential Environment Impact Scale (REIS).

Method:

A two-phased embedded mixed methodology was employed. Phase 1 was the administration of the REIS. In Phase 2, leadership staff considered factors to implementing findings of the REIS, using the nominal discussion group technique. Data were thematically analyzed.

Findings:

Findings indicated an organizational culture characterized by top-down management and a medically dominated care approach, constrained by financial and operational concerns.

Conclusion:

Using the REIS to holistically assess, RACFs are an applicable tool that could promote collaborative approaches to enhance organizational culture change, cultivating more occupational opportunities.
Feasibility of Augmenting Cognitive Strategy Training With Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation
Authors: Boone Anna E. , Noe Jenna , Wolf Timothy J.
Published: November 2023

Many individuals post-stroke have difficulty identifying if or how they can continue performing meaningful daily life tasks. The objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of metacognitive strategy training (MCST) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) in chronic stroke. A case series design was used. Participants completed 12 intervention sessions over 4 weeks consisting of 20 min of tDCS and 45 min of MCST to address occupational performance goals. Feasibility outcomes of acceptability and safety/tolerability were evaluated and measures of occupational performance were administered pre- and post-intervention. Participants perceived the intervention to be highly acceptable and relevant to their needs. Large improvements were observed for performance and satisfaction with goals trained (Hedge’s g = 2.07 and 2.11, respectively) and untrained (Hedge’s g = 1.25 and 1.43, respectively) within the intervention. An intervention combining MCST with tDCS was feasible to administer and positively received by stakeholders; further research is warranted.
Perceptions of Autonomous Shuttles for Adults With Spinal Cord Injuries
Authors: Mason Justin , Hanson C. , Fox E. J. , Burns H. , Joseph J. , Horwitz H. , Classen S.
Published: November 2023

Individuals with a spinal cord injury (SCI) have challenges using transportation. Autonomous shuttles (ASs), if accessible, may support their transportation needs. This study quantified the perceptions of AS for adults with and without SCI, before and after riding in the AS. We hypothesized that the perceptions of AS for individuals with SCI would improve, by the greatest magnitude, after riding in the AS. This mixed-method quasi-experimental design included 16 adults with SCI and 16 age-matched controls. While there were no differences between the groups, both groups reported having fewer perceived barriers to using AS after riding in the AS ( p = .025). After riding in the AS, both groups stated that the AS must be available, accessible, and affordable if they are to use AS. In conclusion, adults with SCI should experience AS if they are to accept and adopt this mode of transportation.
The future of military medical evacuation: literature analysis focused on the potential adoption of emerging technologies and advanced decision-analysis techniques
Authors: Biswas Sumana , Turan Hasan , Elsawah Sondoss , Richmond Matthew , Cao Thang
Published: November 2023

A fundamental component of any military medical support system is medical evacuation. The main goal of evacuation is to reduce mortality among critically injured combat casualties. To achieve this goal, several decision problems including, the location of medical treatment facilities, relocation, dispatching, and routing have to be effective across all levels (tactical, operational, and strategic). This study concentrates on the three key types of medical evacuation (MEDEVAC) systems—forward, tactical, and strategic—and the related decision problems. Even though, over the last few years, some review papers have discussed the different topics of MEDEVAC systems (e.g., the evolution of MEDEVAC, evacuation timelines, and types of injuries), no research has been conducted on the full range (i.e., total care pathway) of MEDEVAC systems and the adoption of emerging technologies to improve future MEDEVAC. In this paper, a systematic review of the literature is described, including the decision problems involved in the total military medical evacuation process. This paper also reviews forecast challenges of future MEDEVAC and potential emerging technologies, concepts, and advanced decision-analysis methods to tackle these challenges. In future MEDEVAC processes, emerging technologies and concepts will be important to support improved medical capability; however, military planners will also need to adopt advanced decision-support techniques to efficiently employ these technologies.