bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ridge Keel Forces on Vertical Structures
Authors: Charlebois L. , Frederking R. , Sayed M. , Barker A.
Published: November 2016

In northern regions, ice forces, or actions, must be considered in the design of structures such as light piers, bridge piers, and offshore platforms. Estimates of ice forces in Canadian waters are usually obtained by consulting design standards such as those developed by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and the Canadian Standards Association (CSA). These design standards draw on available analytical formulae. Field measurements are available from several sources that suggest reasonable agreement with analytical results for simple cases involving wide structures.

One of the remaining uncertainties in estimating design loads, however, is the contribution of force imposed below the waterline due to unconsolidated keels of ice ridges. Only cursory guidance is provided by the standards associations and their analytical design equations. Close inspection of those formulae show that force estimates can become excessive in situations where the expected keel depth is great compared to the designed structure width. Such scenarios would be expected in offshore oil and gas operations where drilling risers, jack-up legs, and even jacket structures may be exposed to ice ridges.

The present work examines available approaches for evaluating ridge keel forces, including passive pressure calculations. The processes of ice rubble failure and the corresponding stress distributions are considered in the context of classical soil mechanics applied in geotechnical engineering. Design standards are also used to calculate ice forces for a range of ridge keel properties, keel geometries, and structure design widths. Field measurements from the Norströmsgrund lighthouse and the offshore Molikpag caisson are then examined and compared to the forces obtained using these approaches.

The authors conclude that the shape factor adopted in ISO 19906 plays an important role in calculations considering narrow structures and deep keels. It is also shown that the sensitivity of ridge keel load calculation to geometric factors varies considerably with structure width. Furthermore, an absence of real world data from ridge keel interactions with very narrow structures precludes validation of present models in these situations and should be the focus of data collection and model refinement.
Modelling Iceberg-Topsides Impacts Using High Resolution Iceberg Profiles
Authors: Stuckey Paul , Younan Adel , Burton Robert , Alawneh Shadi
Published: November 2016

Platforms operating in arctic and subarctic regions such as the Grand Banks, Labrador Sea, Barents Sea and offshore Greenland are exposed to the risk of iceberg impacts. These structures must be designed to withstand the impact from an iceberg or be designed to disconnect and move offsite to avoid the impact. Offshore Newfoundland, gravity based structures (GBS) such as the Hibernia and Hebron platforms are designed to withstand an impact from an iceberg. However, current accepted practice is not to design the topsides for impact, but to reduce impact risk to an acceptable level by varying the facility geometry (i.e., topsides elevation or footprint).

An analytical model was developed to estimate the frequency of icebergs impacting the topsides using three dimensional (3D) models of the platform and the icebergs. Random shapes and sizes are simulated for each iceberg and 3D shapes are generated using a database of measured 2D iceberg profiles. The iceberg shapes are placed randomly in close proximity to the structure and are set to drift towards the structure in a straight line. The initial point of contact between the iceberg and the structure is determined. Crushing of the iceberg against the platform caisson is considered. The process is repeated a large number of times and the total number of contacts with the topsides are determined.

In 2012, Hibernia Management and Development Company Ltd. (HMDC) sponsored a field program in which high resolution iceberg profile data were collected. The high resolution iceberg profiles contain detailed 3D information of the above water and below water shape of the iceberg. This paper describes updates to the existing-topsides impact model to take full advantage of the detailed 3D iceberg profiles. These updates include new iceberg shape databases for simulation, and the addition of a detailed iceberg management model and a graphical user interface (GUI) to improve the functionality of the software.
Airborne Ice Thickness Measurement System - Opportunities and Impacts
Authors: Power D. , Stuber T. , Rowsell D. , Zakharov I. , Fowler C. , Garas Yanni V. , Yi X. , Power B. , Green S. , Ryan J. , Hale S.
Published: November 2016

In ice frequented regions, the potential for large ice floes and extreme ice features encroaching on offshore structures can be significant. An early warning system is desired to discriminate between thin ice of no risk and thick ice with significant challenge. The severity and variability of ice conditions will affect the feasibility of operating in such a region, with significant impact on the design and selection of resources to be used and the ice management requirements to support exploration and development. By measuring the ice thickness, operators can determine the operational risk for ice management operations. In addition, it can help map the areas of thin ice to aid shipping route selection. Despite its fundamental importance, sea ice thickness is one of the most difficult measurements to obtain via remote sensing. Passive remote sensing methods at the near infrared, thermal infrared and visible electromagnetic wavelengths, are restricted due to fog, precipitation, clouds, and Polar darkness. Thus active sensing techniques are deemed to be the only feasible method of measuring ice thickness, especially if they can be mounted in aircraft or satellites. Technical solutions are available to measure the thickness of sea ice, but they do not provide a physical measurement over a wide swath of ice. Thus, the authors are developing a wide swath ice thickness measurement system to fill this gap. The most practical solution for ice thickness measurement is an airborne radar. The authors have completed the preliminary design of a system that will combine an ice penetrating radar with a microwave synthetic aperture radar (SAR). The penetrating radar will be used to glean physical measurements of ice thickness, to be fused with the wide swath SAR to produce an ice thickness map.
Shore Crossing Design Considerations & Solutions for Arctic Subsea Pipelines
Authors: Eisler Ben
Published: November 2016

This paper summarizes the shore crossing options and considerations associated with Arctic subsea pipelines. A summary of what has been installed as well as other options not yet installed are covered. Some options have been ruled out for some projects, and while at the same time, they are either actively being pursued or may be in the process of consideration for other projects.

Offshore project development in the Arctic may utilize pipeline tiebacks to shore. These tie-backs will require a shore crossing transition. There are design aspects for Arctic shore crossings that are similar to non-Arctic conditions. However, in many locations in the Arctic, there are unique Arctic- specific conditions that will influence the shore crossing design details. These Arctic design influences may be of a technical or non-technical nature. Both types of influences may require consideration of technologies and techniques that might not otherwise be considered for non-Arctic locations. These influencing factors will affect almost every aspect of the work as follows:

pre-planning work, which includes geophysical and geotechnical site investigations the design details for the shore crossing, which is the ultimate goal of the work construction techniques, which are required to bring the design to fruition operating requirements and monitoring for the life of the development

One of the main conclusions is that the project and site specific conditions will influence the available shore crossing design options for a project, the option that is ultimately selected for a particular Arctic pipeline project, and the design details required for that project. The site conditions at one project location may be different than the site conditions at another project location, regardless of distance between the two projects. While two different projects at two different locations may utilize the same shore crossing method, the relative costs between the two project's shore crossings may be different due to more conducive site-specific conditions at one location versus less conducive site- specific conditions at the other.

There are several Arctic subsea pipeline projects with shore crossings that have been successfully designed, constructed, and have been operating without incident for more than 15 years. Each illustrates that, despite the increased costs and effort compared to non-Arctic shore crossings, the industry has "been there and done that" safely.
Icebreaker OTSO Conversion
Authors: Salminen Jukka , Eva Seppo , Ekegren Tom
Published: November 2016

This paper will describe the design work and conversion work of icebreaker Otso from Baltic icebreaker to Polar class icebrekaer. Paper will include also user experience from the Arctic after the conversion work.

In April 2015 Arctia signed contract with one of the seismic companies which is operating in the Arctic and the conversion project for fulfilling the rules for worldwide trade and Arctic waters started. The schedule was very tight but all the modifications were made in time and the vessel was ready for Arctic operations in July 2015.

In order to increase vessel utilization outside of the Baltic icebreaking season Arctia Offshore have been studied different kind of solutions during the last ten (10) years. Numerous meetings and planning with naval architects, model tests in ice tank and open water tank was made and during the spring 2015 we had final plans what would be required in order to operate icebreaker Otso in the Arctic. Our requirement was that the open water behavior needed to be close to our multipurpose icebreakers Fennica/Nordica and modifications will not reduce icebreaking capability.

Icebreaker Otso was originally designed and classed to operate in the Baltic Sea in first year ice conditions and was not designed to do ocean passages. Using Otso in the Arctic has been restricted by open water characteristic, ice class and trade area (classification) restricted to domestic (Finnish, Baltic Sea) waters.

Modifications were performed by Rauma Marine Constructions at Rauma Shipyard and included:

New Flume tank to reduce rolling effect in open water conditions

Steel work in the hull, ice class upgraded

New lifeboats installed for worldwide operations standards

New helicopter deck for client use

New hospital for worldwide operations standards

SOLAS and 5 years docking according to the class regulations

Mezanine deck above the Flume tank was installed

Recycling station installed on Mezanine deck

Our experience is that now after three months operating in NE Greenland that the modifications we made are working. This investment was good example that old vessels can have new life and solutions are working. Cost save was massive compared to new build icebreaker.

This conversion shows that it is possible to increase utilisation of old icebreaker and a vessel can have new life
Offshore Ice Resistant Liquid Natural Gas Export Terminal Concept
Authors: Lewis James , Prescott Neal , Thomas Jacob , Swenson Joseph
Published: November 2016

Cost and delivery of long distance natural gas pipelines to a distant LNG (liquid natural gas) liquefaction facility at a warm water port location has become excessive and environmental restraints have been increasing. An alternative to this type of facility is now being considered: an offshore ice resistant LNG Port accommodating a new class of LNG transport vessels. Improvements in LNG processes have reduced the footprint of the facility by 2/3 and lowered the cost by 20% giving an advantage to an offshore ice resistant port facility that can be used for offloading LNG which will eliminate the long distance natural gas pipeline. The presentation is based on original analysis.

The benefits for deep water Arctic Marine Port are undeniable. It is possible to provide safe harbor and configure the port to fit the requirements of the endeavor. For Arctic offshore LNG liquefaction operations, this port can be designed to provide safe harbor and be relocated if needed to another site. A system of ship-like rectangular GBS (Gravity Base Structure) type structures can be constructed to create a safe area where there would be no ice movement and would provide shelter from large wind storms. The structures could be constructed in the Pacific Rim and towed to the site of the new port. They would then be ballasted into position.

For the Beaufort Sea, the port could be positioned offshore west of BP's Northstar Island in approximately 60ft. of water. The ice movement is benign and units can be readily designed to resist the ice loads. Life expectancy would be greater than 20 years.

The concept is extremely adaptable to the location and type of deployment. The Ice Resistant LNG Port System would be designed to accommodate the shallow waters of the near shore Arctic seas. In addition, the individual units could be configured to serve multi-functions in the exploration and development of offshore hydrocarbon fields. These units could be configured to provide shallow water drilling GBSs and or storage for offshore operations or both.

Advances in ice class LNG transport vessels developed for the Russian Arctic allows the discharge and transport of LNG by sea, thus eliminating long distance natural gas pipelines. The new LNG carriers being designed for the use at the Yamal project are capable of breaking through ice 2.1 meters thick and newer designs will be capable of breaking 2.5 meters ice unassisted. These new vessels are to enter service in 2016 and haul the LNG to the Pacific-rim countries. The vessels are 299 meters long and draft 12 meters.
Design and Construction of North America's First Major Bridge North of the Arctic Circle
Authors: Braun PE K. W. , Brodie J. I. , Fitzpatrick M. R. , Anderson A.
Published: November 2016

The Colville River originates in the remote western Brooks Mountain Range in Alaska's Arctic and empties into the Beaufort Sea, a marginal water body of the Arctic Ocean. The river, which is frozen for more than six months each year and floods in spring, is approximately 560 kilometers long and is one of the northernmost major rivers in North America. The river separates the established oil and gas fields of Alaska's North Slope from the previously undeveloped National Petroleum Reserve - Alaska (NPR-A) to the west. A key component of required infrastructure to accommodate development of the resources was a series of four bridges across distributaries of the Colville River that provided access between the Alpine Field and NPR-A. The longest of the four bridges was a 430-meter structure across the Nigliq Channel, the largest distributary of the Colville River. This paper describes the significant design and construction challenges that had to be overcome to successfully complete the Nigliq Channel Bridge.
Simulation of Iceberg Impacts Using Ice-MAS: A Design Tool for Simulating Ice-Structure Interactions.
Authors: Béal Pierre-Antoine , Yaouanq Sébastien Le , Septseault Cyril , Cahay Marc , Roberts Brian , Mravak Zoran
Published: November 2016

Exploitation of the Arctic's resources requires the mastery of the risks caused by extreme ice conditions. The design of offshore structures subjected to extreme ice conditions is a challenge for engineers since there are very few advanced design tools available on the market, especially those able to cope with the large variety of ice interaction and failure mechanisms.

Different approaches have been used to model and study ice behavior. Among them are analytical, numerical and empirical approaches with different models being considered. Each model has its own advantages and drawbacks and is only generally dedicated to certain circumstances. In 2012 Technip, Cervval and Bureau Veritas initiated a common development program to offer a new tool for the design of offshore structures interacting with ice (Septseault, 2014, 2015) combining a variety of approaches and models.

After three years, the first version of the Ice-MAS software (www.ice-mas.com) is now available. It simulates the ice loadings on a structure and the dynamic behavior of the drifting ice-sheet and floes around. Thanks to multi-agent technology, it is possible to combine in a common framework multiple phenomena from various natures and heterogeneous scales (drag, friction, ice-sheet bending failure, local crushing, rubble stack up) (Le Yaouanq, 2015). This work has been the subject of numerous validations, particularly by comparison with ice basin and in-situ results (Dudal, 2015).

The Ice-MAS development program continues in 2016 with the addition of a capability to model the interaction of icebergs with offshore structures. This paper will introduce the co-simulation architecture proposed to simulate the complex interaction between an iceberg and a platform structure. It will focus on the hydrodynamic behavior of the platform and the iceberg including its stability. It will also consider the interaction between both bodies; including the non-linearity of the mooring system (in the case of a floating platform) and the local fracture mechanisms of the iceberg. The objective is to propose a new more accurate design method that will improve the overall ice management system for a project.
Estimation and Validation of Floe Size Distribution from Upward Looking Sonars
Authors: Mudge Todd , Borg Keath , Ersahin Kaan , Ross Ed , Sadowy Dawn , Barrette Jessy
Published: November 2016

Moored upward looking sonars (ULS) have been used extensively for over twenty years to measure sea ice draft thicknesses and ice keel widths. They have rarely been used to analyze ice floe sizes. In 2015, Statoil Canada, ArcticNet, the Research & Development Corporation of Newfoundland and Labrador (RDC) and Husky Energy partnered in an offshore research expedition, a component of which was Ice Profiler Sonar (IPS) and Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) measurements in waters off Newfoundland. This provides an excellent opportunity to develop methods to estimate floe size distributions in the marginal ice zone. IPS data is typically analyzed for ice draft and for the presence and absence of sea ice. ADCP bottom tracking data during periods of high ice concentrations provides direct measurement of ice drift. Deriving these ULS-based parameters in the low concentrations and often energetic wave environment of the marginal ice zone is difficult. A six-day period of relatively low wave energies was analyzed for ULS derived ice floe sizes. Over 1000 floes were detected with most of the detected widths being less than 30 m and a peak in the distribution at less than 10 m. Ice concentrations and ice drifts as derived from the ULS were similar to those reported by Canadian Ice Service daily ice charts. Analysis of both theoretical and natural ice floe shapes suggests that the average of the ULS determined ice floe widths is typically about 70 to 80% of the equivalent diameter and about 55% of the typical maximum horizontal extent. Thus, much of the ULS detected floes were likely smaller than the resolution of satellite imagery. As the ULS moorings measure ice draft every one or two seconds and ice speeds every one minute, estimates of average floe mass, momentum and energy of ice features observed during the six-day analysis episode were possible.
Rhabdomyolysis and Autoimmune Variant Stiff-Person Syndrome
Authors: Gangadhara Shreyas , Gangadhara Suhas , Gandhy Chetan , Robertson Derrick
Published: November 2016

Stiff-person syndrome (SPS) is a rare neurologic disorder characterized by waxing and waning muscular rigidity, stiffness and spasms. Three subtypes have been described: paraneoplastic, autoimmune and idiopathic. Rhabdomyolysis has been described in the paraneoplastic variant, but to our knowledge no case has been reported involving the autoimmune variant. We report a case report of a 50-year-old man with history of SPS who presented with recurrent episodes of severe limb and back spasms. He was hospitalized on two separate occasions for uncontrollable spasms associated with renal failure and creatinine phosphokinase elevations of 55,000 and 22,000 U/L respectively. Laboratory tests were otherwise unremarkable. The acute renal failure resolved during both admissions with supportive management. Rhabdomyolysis has the potential to be fatal and early diagnosis is essential. It should be considered in patients who have SPS and are experiencing an exacerbation of their neurologic condition.
α-linolenic acid reduces TNF-induced apoptosis in C2C12 myoblasts by regulating expression of apoptotic proteins
Authors: Carotenuto Felicia , Coletti Dario , Di Nardo Paolo , Teodori Laura
Published: November 2016

Impaired regeneration and consequent muscle wasting is a major feature of muscle degenerative diseases. Nutritional interventions as adjuvant strategy for preventing such conditions are recently gaining increasing attention. Ingestion of n3-polyunsaturated fatty acids has been suggested to have a positive impact on muscle diseases. We recently demonstrated that the dietary n3-fatty acid, alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), exerts potent beneficial effects in preserving skeletal muscle regeneration in models of muscle dystrophy. To better elucidate the underlying mechanism we investigate here on the expression level of the anti- and pro-apototic proteins, as well as caspase-3 activity, in C2C12 myoblasts challenged with pathological levels of TNF. The results demonstrated that ALA protective effect on C2C12 myoblasts was associated to an increased Bcl-2/Bax ratio. Indeed, the effect of ALA was directed to rescue Bcl-2 expression and decrease Bax expression both affected in an opposite way by TNF treatment. This effect was associated with a decrease in caspase-3 activity by ALA. TNF is a major pro-inflammatory cytokine that is expressed in damaged skeletal muscle, therefore, counteract inflammatory signals in the muscle microenvironment represents a critical strategy to ameliorate skeletal muscle pathologies
Feasibility of using Lokomat combined with functional electrical stimulation for the rehabilitation of foot drop
Authors: Laursen Christian B. , Nielsen Jørgen F. , Andersen Ole K. , Spaich Erika G.
Published: November 2016

This study investigated the clinical feasibility of combining the electromechanical gait trainer Lokomat with functional electrical therapy (LokoFET), stimulating the common peroneal nerve during the swing phase of the gait cycle to correct foot drop as an integrated part of gait therapy. Five patients with different acquired brain injuries trained with LokoFET 2-3 times a week for 3-4 weeks. Pre- and post-intervention evaluations were performed to quantify neurophysiological changes related to the patients’ foot drop impairment during the swing phase of the gait cycle. A semi-structured interview was used to investigate the therapists’ acceptance of LokoFET in clinical practice. The patients showed a significant increase in the level of activation of the tibialis anterior muscle and the maximal dorsiflexion during the swing phase, when comparing the pre- and post-intervention evaluations. This showed an improvement of function related to the foot drop impairment. The interview revealed that the therapists perceived the combined system as a useful tool in the rehabilitation of gait. However, lack of muscle selectivity relating to the FES element of LokoFET was assessed to be critical for acceptance in clinical practice.
Associations between time spent in green areas and physical activity among late middle-aged adults
Authors: Dewulf Bart , Neutens Tijs , Van Dyck Delfien , De Bourdeaudhuij Ilse , Broekx Steven , Beckx Carolien , Van de Weghe Nico
Published: November 2016

Physical activity is an important facilitator for health and wellbeing, especially for late middle-aged adults, who are more susceptible to cardiovascular diseases. Physical activity performed in green areas is supposed to be particularly beneficial, so we studied whether late middle- aged adults are more active in green areas than in non-green areas and how this is influenced by individual characteristics and the level of neighbourhood greenness. We tracked 180 late middle-aged (58 to 65 years) adults using global positioning system and accelerometer data to know whether and where they were sedentary or active. These data were combined with information on land use to obtain information on the greenness of sedentary and active hotspots. We found that late middle-aged adults are more physically active when spending more time in green areas than in non-green areas. Spending more time at home and in non-green areas was found to be associated with more sedentary behaviour. Time spent in non-green areas was found to be related to more moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) for males and to less MVPA for females. The positive association between time spent in green areas and MVPA was the strongest for highly educated people and for those living in a green neighbourhood. This study shows that the combined use of global positioning system and accelerometer data facilitates understanding of where people are sedentary or physically active, which can help policy makers encourage activity in this age cohort.
Predicting the spatial distribution of Biomphalaria straminea, a potential intermediate host for Schistosoma mansoni, in China
Authors: Habib Mohamed R. , Guo Yun-Hai , Lv Shan , Gu Wen-Biao , Li Xiao-Heng , Zhou Xiao-Nong
Published: November 2016

Schistosomiasis is one of the most prevalent parasitic diseases impacting human health in the tropics and sub-tropics. The geographic distribution of Schistosoma mansoni, the most widespread species, includes areas in Africa, the Middle East, South America and the Caribbean. Snails of the genus Biomphalaria act as intermediate host for S. mansoni. Biomphalaria straminea is not indigenous in China but was accidentally introduced to Hong Kong from South America and has spread to other habitats in the southern parts of the country. This species is known for its great dispersal capacity that highlights the importance of the snail as a potential host for S. mansoni in China. In this connection, although no such infection has been recorded in the field so far, the continuous expansion of China’s projects in endemic areas of Africa and import of the infection via returning workers or visitors deserve attention. The purpose of this study was to map and predict the spatial distribution of B. straminea in China. Snail occurrence data were assembled and investigated using MaxEnt software, along with climatic and environmental variables to produce a predictive risk map. Of the environmental variables tested, the precipitation of warmest quarter was the most contribution factor for snail’s spatial distribution. Risk areas were found in southeastern China and it is expected that they will guide policies and control programmes to potential areas area of snail abundance and used for spatial targeting of control interventions for this invasive species.
Satellite imagery technology in public health: analysis of site catchment areas for assessment of poliovirus circulation in Nigeria and Niger
Authors: Takane Marina , Yabe Shizu , Tateshita Yumiko , Kobayashi Yusuke , Hino Akihiko , Isono Kazuo , Okayasu Hiromasa , Diop Ousmane M. , Tadono Takeo
Published: November 2016

Environmental surveillance supplements the surveillance of acute flaccid paralysis by monitoring wastewater for poliovirus circulation. Building on previous work, we analysed wastewater flow to optimise selection and placement of sampling sites with higher digital surface model (DSM) resolution. The newly developed 5-m mesh DSM from the panchromatic, remote-sensing instruments for stereo mapping on-board the Japanese advanced land observing satellite was used to estimate catchment areas and flow of sewage water based on terrain topography. Optimal sampling sites for environmental surveillance were identified to maximise sensitivity to poliovirus circulation. Population data were overlaid to prioritise selection of catchment areas with dense populations. The results for Kano City, Nigeria were compared with an analysis based on existing 30- and 90-m mesh digital elevation model (DEM). Analysis based on 5-m mesh DSM was also conducted for three cities in Niger to prioritise the selection of new sites. The analysis demonstrated the feasibility of using DSMs to estimate catchment areas and population size for programme planning and outbreak response with respect to polio. Alternative sampling points in Kano City that would cover a greater population size have been identified and potential sampling sites in Niger are proposed. Comparison with lower-resolution DEMs suggests that the use of a 5-m mesh DSMs would be useful where the terrain is flat or includes small-scale topographic changes not captured by 30-m data searches.
The spatio-temporal distribution of Oncomelania hupensis along Yangtze river in Jiangsu Province, China after implementation of a new, integrated schistosomiasis control strategy
Authors: He Jian , Li Wei , Bergquist Robert , Zhang Jian-Feng , Shi Liang , Zhao Song , Wu Feng , Yang Kun
Published: November 2016

This study concerns an integrated strategy of schistosomiasis control, focusing on the management and elimination of the main transmission cycles and reservoirs along Yangtze river, Jiangsu Province (China), instituted in 2004. Our analysis, including mapping, spatial autocorrelation and spatio-temporal scanning, was implemented between 2001 and 2013 to explore the changes in the distribution of Oncomelania hupensis, the intermediate host of Schistosoma japonicum. Two high-density snail locations in the upper and middle reaches of the river were observed along with one high-risk area due to infected snails in the upper reaches at the beginning of the study period. The number of high-density snail habitats declined sharply after 2004 and infected snails disappeared completely by 2010. Global spatial autocorrelation showed spatial clustering of snails in general, as well as of infected ones when snail densities were relatively high, while local spatial autocorrelation showed the number of specific clusters declining and switching spatially from the upper to the middle reaches of the Yangtze river in Jiangsu Province during the study period. The integrated snail control strategy was found to be effective, but the middle reaches of the river will require continued strong control resources.
Dalle evidenze alla pratica clinica: emorragia del tratto digestivo superiore, pancreatite acuta, sepsi ed osteoporosi. Il contributo dei giovani internisti FADOI
Authors: Gnerre P. , Nardi R.
Published: November 2016

Gestione del paziente con sanguinamento dal tratto digestivo superiore di origine non varicosa: dall’evidenza alla pratica clinica
M. Zippi, C. Marzano, M. Frualdo, L. Mucci, M. Zanon, C. Cassieri, P. Gnerre, P. Crispino

La gestione del paziente con pancreatitie acuta: dalle evidenze alla pratica clinica
Gruppo Giovani: C. Cenci, T. Restuccia, P. Gnerre, I. Chiti, L. Betti
Gruppo Ecografia: M. Micati, C. Tana

La gestione del paziente settico: dall’evidenza in letteratura alla pratica clinica
R. Gerloni, L. Mucci, C. Casati, A. Crociani, O. Para, E. Benetti, P. Gnerre, A. Bovero, E. Romagnoli, N. Tarquinio, C. Canale, D. Brancato, L. Massarelli, S. Piras

Management del paziente con osteoporosi: dall’evidenza alla pratica clinica
I. Ambrosino, A. Riccardo, P. Gnerre, L. Castelnovo, R. Muscariello, M. Vacante
An Unexpected Fever Post Serogroup B Meningococcal Sepsis
Authors: Donà Daniele , Gnoato Elisa , Giaquinto Carlo , Moretti Carlo
Published: November 2016

This case report describes an invasive meningococcal group B infection followed by the development of Kawasaki disease (KD) complicated by macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) in a 2-year-old child. The presented case indicates the possible etiologic relationship between meningococcal sepsis and KD as support of bacterial toxin induced theory. It’s important to maintain a high grade of suspicious for KD in every relapse of fever also during convalescence phase of severe infection. Usually, initial treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin is sufficient to control the disease; but, in case of refractory KD complicated by MAS, corticosteroid therapy represents a good option inducing prompt fever resolution and clinical improvement.
Impacts of acute exposure of industrial chemicals and pesticides on the survival of fish (Tilapia guineensis) and earthworms (Aporrectodea longa)
Authors: Ogeleka Doris F. , Ogbomida Emmanuel T. , Tongo Isioma , Enuneku Alex A. , Ikpesu Thomas O. , Ezemonye Lawrence I.N.
Published: November 2016

Ecotoxicological effects of industrial chemicals (Rig wash, Oil eater, Nalco, Glycol™) and pesticides (Propoxur, Deltamethrin, Atrazine, Furadan) on Tilapia guineensis (fish) and Aporrectodea longa (earthworms) were tested using the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) # 203 and 207 protocols. The water and soil ratings indicate that the test chemicals were toxic to the organisms. The estimated 96 hour lethal concentration LC50 values for Rig wash, Oil eater, Nalco EC1304A/COT 505, Glycol, Propoxur, and Deltamethrin were 26.34±0.46, 6.02±0.30, 3.07±0.14, 1.31±0.01, 20.91±0 and 0.01±0 mg/l respectively. In the earthworm bioassay, the estimated 14-day LC50 values for Rigwash, Oil eater, Nalco EC1304A/COT 505, Glycol, Atrazine and Furadan were 80.05±3.5, 151.55±10.7, 172.63±14.2, 63.72±2.43, 4.97±0 and 0.29±0 mg/kg respectively. Safety factors are arbitrarily built in around the LC50 values in order to arrive at environmentally tolerable concentrations. The concentration of a chemical in the receiving environment should not exceed 10% of the L50. The organisms exposed to the test chemicals showed significant difference when compared with the levels measured in the control group. The observed sensitivity of the test organisms to the chemicals indicates that adherence to standard safety limits/measures should be maintained during use and disposal of hazardous chemicals. This would ensure that the biotic components of the Nigerian Niger Delta ecosystem are prudently protected.
Facing our whiteness in doing Ubuntu research. Finding spatial justice for the researcher
Authors: Müller Julian , Trahar Sheila
Published: November 2016

In this article, the two authors, academics from different contexts and both aware of their whiteness, focus on their own vulnerable selves. The aim is to reflect on their specific agency in this project and to create awareness for subjectivity in research. What are the challenges of two white academics – the one from a first world country with a baggage of colonialism, and the other from South Africa with the apartheid baggage? On the one hand, they are not ‘vulnerable’ selves but indeed very privileged selves. On the other hand, there is an awareness of the fact that this very privilege puts researchers in a vulnerable situation, especially in doing research on Ubuntu in an African context.
Theology disrupted: Doing theology with children in African contexts
Authors: Mahlangu Elijah
Published: November 2016

The thrust of this article is an attempt to respond to the question whether we can read and interpret the bible in Africa from the child theology vantage point. The author’s answer is in the affirmative in two ways: Firstly, it is that the majority of children in Africa are facing abuses of unprecedented proportions. Historically and traditionally, African scholars always read and interpreted the bible with African lenses. The African bible critic and exegete should be part of the church, the body of Christ which ought to be a lotus of healing. Theologising in the context of the crisis of the ‘child’ in Africa is fairly a new development and needs to be aggressively pursued. The second aspect of this author’s response is that when Christianity entered the Graeco-Roman as well the Jewish milieu, it used the family symbolism such as father, brothers, love, house of God, children of God, and so on. The New Testament authors therefore used family as reality and metaphor to proclaim the gospel. The African theologian, critic and exegete, is therefore in this article challenged to make a significant contribution using the African context in that, ‘… the African concept of child, family and community appears to be closer to ecclesiology than the Western concepts’.
Habakkuk 2:5a: Denouncing ‘wine’ or ‘wealth’? Contextual readings of the Masoretic text and 1QpHab
Authors: Prinsloo Gert
Published: November 2016

Habakkuk 2:5 is a problematic text. The ‘correctness’ of the Masoretic text’s passage ‘moreover, the wine is treacherous, an arrogant person – he will not come to rest’ has often been questioned. The discovery of the Pesher Habakkuk (1QpHab) in Cave 1 at Qumran gave impetus to this tendency. It contains a reading quite different from the Masoretic text. It reads ‘moreover, wealth deceives an arrogant man, and he will not come to rest’. Many modern commentaries and translations assume that 1QpHab contains the ‘correct’ reading. This study argues that this assumption is based upon questionable text critical practice and pleads for a contextual interpretation of variant readings before rash decisions about the status of the Masoretic text can be made.
Pulmonary gas exchange and acid–base status during immobilisation of black rhinoceroses (Diceros bicornis) in Zimbabwe
Authors: Fahlman Åsa , Edner Anna , Wenger Sandra , Foggin Chris , Nyman Görel
Published: November 2016

When immobilising wildlife, adverse side effects can include hypoxaemia, acidosis and hypertension. Pulmonary gas exchange and acid–base status were evaluated during immobilisation of 25 free-ranging and one boma-held black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis) in Zimbabwe. The effect of different body positions on arterial oxygenation was evaluated. A combination of the following drugs was used: an opioid (etorphine or thiafentanil), azaperone and an a2 -adrenoceptor agonist (detomidine or xylazine). Respiratory and heart rates, rectal temperature and pulse oximetry–derived haemoglobin oxygen saturation were recorded. Serial arterial blood samples were analysed immediately in the field. Marked hypoxaemia and hypercapnia were recorded in immobilised free-ranging black rhinoceroses. Arterial oxygenation was higher during sternal compared to lateral recumbency. Most rhinoceroses developed acidaemia of respiratory and metabolic origin. Initially high lactate concentrations in free-ranging rhinoceroses decreased during immobilisation. Pulse oximetry was unreliable in the detection of hypoxaemia. Positioning in sternal recumbency and routine use of oxygen supplementation are recommended in the management of immobilised rhinoceroses as measures to improve arterial oxygenation.
The influence of culture on female entrepreneurs in Zimbabwe
Authors: Mazonde Nomusa B. , Carmichael Teresa
Published: November 2016

Background: There is an increasing interest in female entrepreneurship, not only to realise the potential for economic growth, but also in light of the opportunities for female expression, emancipation, agency and empowerment. Literature has found that many female entrepreneurs are profoundly affected by the traditional sociocultural context in which they operate, and that they have needed to work around patriarchal barriers in order to succeed. This study explores the ways in which they do this.
Aim: The aim of this paper was to contribute to an understanding of how female entrepreneurs in a patriarchal African society can work within cultural constraints to achieve success within their own terms of reference.

Setting: The study took place in Zimbabwe among female entrepreneurs who had recently formalised their businesses

Methods: Using a qualitative interpretive research design, in-depth, face-to-face interviews were conducted with 43 African female entrepreneurs running their own businesses in the Zimbabwean cities of Harare and Bulawayo.

Results: The complex interplay of macro- (national cultural characteristics), meso- (institutional and social factors), and micro- (individual identity) level factors shaped the ways in which the women dealt with the shackles of patriarchy, inequality and high power distance that had historically impeded their economic participation. Through their own agency, they mobilised their public and private identities separately, balancing the seemingly incompatible roles of home-maker vs entrepreneur.

Conclusion: Zimbabwean women successfully managed the interaction between their different social roles and identities to balance domestic obligations with income generation to better the lives of their families.
South African Journal of Industrial Psychology: Annual editorial review 2016
Authors: Coetzee Melinde
Published: November 2016

No abstract available.
Универсальные функции в задачах "исправления", обеспечивающего сходимость рядов Фурье-Уолша
Authors: Grigoryan Martin Gevorgovich , Navasardyan Karen Arshaluicobich
Published: November 2016

Доказано, что существует функция $g(x)\in L^1[0,1]$ с монотонно убывающими коэффициентами Фурье-Уолша $\{c_k(g)\}_{k=0}^\infty\downarrow$, которая является универсальной в $L^p[0,1]$, $p\geqslant1$, в смысле модификации относительно знаков коэффициентов Фурье по системе Уолша, т. е. для каждой функции $f\in L^p[0;1]$ и для любого $\varepsilon>0$ можно найти функцию $\widetilde f\in L^p[0;1]$ с мерой $|\{x\in[0;1]\colon f(x)=\widetilde f(x)\}|>1-\varepsilon $, ряд Фурье которой по системе Уолша сходится к ней по $L^p[0,1]$-норме и $|c_k(\widetilde f)|=c_k(g)$, $k\in\operatorname{Spec}(\widetilde f)$.
Доказано также, что для любого $0<\varepsilon<1$ существуют измеримое множество $E\subset [0,1]$ с мерой $|E|>1-\varepsilon$ и функция $g\in L^1[0;1]$, $0<c_{k+1}(g)<c_k(g)$, $k=0,1,2,…$, такие, что для каждой функции $f\in L^1[0,1]$ можно найти функцию $\widetilde f\in L^1[0,1]$, совпадающую с $f$ на $E$, такую, что ряд Фурье-Уолша функции $\widetilde f(x)$ сходится к ней по норме $L^1[0,1]$ и все члены в последовательности коэффициентов Фурье-Уолша вновь полученной функции по модулю $|c_k(\widetilde f)|=c_k(g)$, $k=0,1,2,…$ .
Библиография: 42 наименования.
Специальные бор-зоммерфельдовы лагранжевы подмногообразия
Authors: Tyurin Nikolai Andreevich
Published: November 2016

В симплектической геометрии вводится новое понятие специальности лагранжевых подмногообразий, удовлетворяющих условию Бора-Зоммерфельда. Показывается, что такое условие позволяет строить конечномерные модули специальных бор-зоммерфельдовых лагранжевых подмногообразий относительно любого обильного линейного расслоения на алгебраическом многообразии с ходжевой метрикой, рассматриваемой как симплектическая форма. Конструкция может быть использована в исследованиях зеркальной симметрии.
Библиография: 12 наименований.
Абелев интеграл Наттолла на римановой поверхности кубического корня многочлена третьей степени
Authors: Aptekarev Alexander Ivanovich , Tulyakov Dmitrii Nikolaevich
Published: November 2016

В работе изучается поле ортогональных траекторий квадратичного дифференциала на трехлистной римановой поверхности кубического корня многочлена третьей степени. Эти траектории глобально совпадают с линиями уровня потенциала скорости несжимаемой жидкости, втекающей на эту риманову поверхность через бесконечно удаленную точку на одном листе и вытекающей через бесконечно удаленную точку на другом листе. Постановка задачи мотивирована нахождением распределения полюсов аппроксимаций Эрмита-Паде для набора из двух аналитических функций с тремя общими точками ветвления, что, в свою очередь, представляет интерес в связи с общей гипотезой Наттолла.
Библиография: 7 наименований.
Echinococcose alvéolaire : actualités 2016
Authors: Bresson-Hadni Solange , Angèle Vuitton Dominique
Published: November 2016

L’échinococcose alvéolaire (EA) est une cestodose larvaire rare, due au développement dans le foie de la larve d’Echinococcus multilocularis. Sa progression s’apparente à celle d’un cancer à marche lente. En France, les caractéristiques épidémiologiques de l’EA se sont modifiées récemment. Les foyers endémiques restent localisés à l’Est et au Centre du Territoire, mais la limite occidentale de la zone d’endémie française dépasse désormais Paris et concerne également les zones urbaines. Le registre français des cas indique par ailleurs une augmentation de l’incidence annuelle. Elle est probablement surtout la conséquence d’une amélioration significative des techniques de diagnostic, en particulier de l’échographie, examen de première ligne pour le diagnostic de cette affection. Le développement de thérapeutiques immunosuppressives (chimiothérapie, biothérapie) pour diverses pathologies peut fournir une deuxième explication, avec l’observation croissante de cas d’EA découverts en situation d’immunosuppression. La maladie est repérée plus tôt dans son cours évolutif, très souvent à un stade asymptomatique. L’ictère qui, par le passé, révélait l’EA dans la moitié des cas, n’est aujourd’hui que très rarement présent au diagnostic. La chirurgie est restée jusque dans les années 1980, la seule et unique solution pour son traitement, souvent palliatif. Des options complémentaires, ou distinctes, sont apparues au cours de ces trente dernières années : administration d’albendazole exerçant un effet parasitostatique, radiologie interventionnelle, transplantation hépatique en cas d’EA évoluées. Toutes ces acquisitions, associées à un diagnostic généralement plus précoce, aux progrès des techniques d’imagerie et de la chirurgie hépatobiliaire ainsi qu’à une approche multidisciplinaire de cette prise en charge, ont permis d’améliorer considérablement le pronostic.
Changes to the chemical state of the northern hemisphere atmosphere during the second half of the twentieth century
Authors: Newland Mike J. , Martinerie Patricia , Witrant Emmanuel , Helmig Detlev , Worton David R. , Hogan Chris , Sturges William T. , Reeves Claire E.
Published: November 2016

Abstract. The NOX (NO and NO2) and HOX (OH and HO2) budgets of the atmosphere exert a major influence on atmospheric composition, controlling removal of primary pollutants and formation of a wide range of secondary products, including ozone, that can influence human health and climate. However, there remain large uncertainties in the changes to these budgets over recent decades. Due to their short atmospheric lifetimes, NOX and HOX are highly variable in space and time, and so the measurements of these species are of very limited value for examining long term, large scale changes to their budgets. Here, we take an alternative approach by examining long-term atmospheric trends of alkyl nitrates, the formation of which is dependent on the atmospheric NO / HO2 ratio. We derive long term trends in the alkyl nitrates from measurements in firn air from the NEEM site, Greenland. Their mixing ratios increased by a factor of 4–5 between the 1970s and 1990s. This was followed by a steep decline to the sampling date of 2008. Moreover, we examine how the trends in the alkyl nitrates compare to similarly derived trends in their parent alkanes (i.e. the alkanes which, when oxidised in the presence of NOX, lead to the formation of the alkyl nitrates). The ratios of the alkyl nitrates to their parent alkanes increase from around 1970 to the late 1990's consistent with large changes to the [NO] / [HO2] ratio in the northern hemisphere atmosphere during this period. These could represent historic changes to NOX sources and sinks. Alternatively, they could represent changes to concentrations of the hydroxyl radical, OH, or to the transport time of the air masses from source regions to the Arctic.