bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Congruence of economic mobility beliefs and immigrants’ self-esteem
Authors: Guerrero Laura , Turchick Hakak Luciana
Published: March 2019

Purpose

A dark side of global mobility is that many immigrants have negative work outcomes. Studies have analyzed the antecedents to poor work outcomes from the immigrants’ point of view or from that of host country nationals. The purpose of this paper is to propose a relational model, which applies terror management theory to address how the economic mobility beliefs of immigrants and host country nationals interact and how these different combinations of beliefs affect the self-esteem of immigrants.

Design/methodology/approach

This theoretical model considers the impact of the social interactions between immigrants and host country nationals when immigrants’ mortality is salient.

Findings

In hostile environments that make immigrants’ mortality salient, lack of confirmation of immigrants’ beliefs about economic mobility from host country nationals can lead to a decrease in immigrants’ self-esteem and therefore to negative work outcomes.

Practical implications

As the number of immigrants grows, so do concerns about their ability to contribute to the economy. Lack of confirmation of their beliefs in a context in which their mortality is salient, is likely to lead to lower self-esteem and perhaps other negative outcomes.

Originality/value

This paper is the first, to the authors’ knowledge, to use terror management theory to advance our understanding of the outcome of a lack of confirmation from host country nationals of immigrants’ beliefs on economic mobility under conditions of mortality salience.
The stock market reaction to dividend reductions and omissions in China
Authors: Dong Jing , Li Hui , Liu Kerry , Wu Xiaohui
Published: March 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate Chinese stock market reaction to the announcements of dividend reductions and omissions.

Design/methodology/approach

The data sets cover the period from 1990 to 2009. A rolling portfolio approach is performed and the Fama–French three-factor model is used to calculate the post-announcement long-term abnormal returns. The matching method and the sub-sample tests are used to examine the robustness.

Findings

After controlling for firm size, the unexpected earnings and government ownership, no evidence of the dividend announcement drift is found. The results also show that the government ownership and the large trading play a role in explaining the post-announcement abnormal returns.

Originality/value

This is the first study concerning the Chinese market that examines the Chinese stock market reaction to dividend cut and omission using a long-time period of data.
Virtual cohabitation in online dating sites: a netnography analysis
Authors: Wang Yi-Sheng
Published: March 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to explore in depth the special context and unique life experience of the online dating site and provide insights regarding an interpretation of virtual cohabitation model.

Design/methodology/approach

This study uses netnography, online interviews and the physical travel of researchers to the field for field participation and observations. The combination of netnography and online interviews combines online and offline studies to achieve more consistency in the data collection, analysis and other processes. In-person participation in observations makes the research more realistic. The combination of these qualitative methods is helpful in achieving a more comprehensive and accurate research process.

Findings

The findings of the study can be classified into a three-stage situational context approach, which is presented in the form of propositions. Finally, the insight of the virtual cohabitation context model was developed, namely, motivation (including escapism, hedonic gratification and autonomous), showing off and psychological compensation, stimulation and fantasies, emotions (including impulsiveness, emotions and desires), over-control and low self-control, behavioral control, gratification and dependence and love trap (including sex transactions and consumption traps).

Originality/value

The theoretical contribution of this study is to establish an interpretation of virtual cohabitation model and ten related propositions.
Molecular and functional evidence of phosphatidylserine synthase inVibrio parahaemolyticus
Authors: Huang Ru‐Yin , Lee Chia‐Yin
Published: March 2019

Phosphatidylserine synthase (Pss) catalyzes phosphatidylserine synthesis, which is critical to synthesizing the component of cell membrane. However, few putative pss genes of bacteria have been studied. In this study, it was found that Vibrio parahaemolyticus, a common foodborne pathogen that causes human gastroenteritis, has a type I Pss with two HKD motifs and is a phospholipase D superfamily member. The transcriptional start site of pss was mapped through sequencing and was identified at −37 nucleotides upstream of the start codon. Pss mRNA was found to be expressed mainly during the exponential phase. In addition, the promoter was identified using a lux reporter assay and gel shift assay with an RNA polymerase. To analyze the catalytic activity, a soluble form of His6‐tagged recombinant Pss was overexpressed and purified from Escherichia coli. Using matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization‐time of flight mass spectrometry, it was found that Pss can catalyze cytidine diphosphate diacylglycerol and L‐serine to form phosphatidylserine. Since Pss is conserved in vibrios, the current study can promote understanding the biosynthesis of phospholipid in Vibrio bacteria that might cause vibriosis. This is the first report of molecular characterization of the pss gene and identification of Pss enzyme activity in V. parahaemolyticus using matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry.
New‐Onset Diabetes Mellitus in Peritoneal Dialysis and Hemodialysis Patients: Frequency, Risk Factors, and Prognosis—A Review
Authors: Yarragudi Rajashri , Gessl Alois , Vychytil Andreas
Published: March 2019

New‐onset diabetes mellitus (NODM) is observed in both hemodialysis (HD) and peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. The prevalence of NODM in dialysis patients is slightly higher compared to subjects of the general population. Based on currently published data there is no convincing evidence that the risk of NODM is different between HD and PD patients. Data on the effect of glucose load on risk of NODM in dialysis patients remain controversial. PD modality (automated or continuous ambulatory PD) has no significant influence on NODM incidence. Chronic inflammation is associated with NODM in dialysis patients. Reported differences in NODM between PD and HD patients are possibly also influenced by differences in demographic factors between these patient groups. Mortality in NODM patients is lower than mortality in patients with preexisting DM. This may be partly explained by the younger age and lower number of comorbidities in patients with NODM.
Adherence to guidelines for the referral of patients with colorectal cancer and abnormal tumour tissue testing for assessment of Lynch syndrome
Authors: Han Julian , Spigelman Allan D.
Published: March 2019

Background

To determine the proportion of patients with colorectal cancer and abnormal immunohistochemistry testing of tumour tissue who were referred to a cancer genetic clinic for genetic counselling and possible germline testing of a blood sample for Lynch syndrome.

Methods

This is a retrospective cohort study of patients with colorectal cancer and abnormal immunohistochemistry tumour tissue testing from St Vincent's Hospital (between November 2007 and December 2016). Patient list was compared against a state‐wide database TrakGene to ascertain the overall referral rate for these patients.

Results

Of 216 patients, the total referral rate was 33.8% (n = 73), of which 27.8% (n = 60) were referred to St Vincent's Hospital's Cancer Genetics Service, 6% (n = 13) were referred externally and the remaining 66.2% (n = 143) were not referred. Binomial regression analysis performed displayed that age influenced likelihood of referral, where patients were 7.7% more likely to be referred for every decreasing year in age (P = 0.0004). Some clinicians were 4.3 times more likely to refer patients compared to others (P = 0.002).

Conclusion

Suboptimal patient uptake for cancer genetics evaluation was found. Identifying barriers to patient referral should lead to changes that increase patient referrals. This will ensure that patients receive adequate education, counselling and management of Lynch syndrome. It would also allow for the identification of further at‐risk relatives for whom preventative strategies can be employed. In addition, identification of relatives not at risk by genetic testing will liberate them from unnecessary colonoscopies. Discussion with the clinicians involved has since allowed for copies of the immunohistochemistry results to be forwarded by the Pathology Department to the Cancer Genetics Unit for checking and follow up with the clinician to ensure that their patients are aware of the result and have been offered referral for cancer genetic evaluation. This process is subject to ongoing audit.
Prevalence and clinical significance of regional lymphadenectomy in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Yang Anli , Xiao Weikai , Ju Weiqiang , Liao Yuan , Chen Maogen , Zhu Xiaofeng , Wu Chenglin , He Xiaoshun
Published: March 2019

Background

A limited amount of literature involves the clinical significance of regional lymphadenectomy during operations on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. Our study aims to explore regional lymphadenectomy rate and node‐positive rate, as well as their clinicopathological relevance and prognostic values in patients with HCC receiving liver resection (LR) and liver transplantation (LT).

Methods

Patients with HCC who received LR or LT and were diagnosed from 2004 to 2013 were retrieved from the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database. A total of 6367 patients with staging and regional lymphadenectomy information was included.

Results

The regional lymphadenectomy rates were 14.3% and 28.6% in patients receiving LR and LT, respectively. Additionally, the rate of LT patients increased from 21.3% to 33.3% in the 2004–2013 time period. In patients with regional lymphadenectomy, node‐positive rates were 8.4% and 0.9% in LR and LT patients, respectively. Regional lymphadenectomy was conducted relatively non‐specifically in patients receiving LT compared with those receiving LR by analysing its clinicopathological relevance. Furthermore, regional lymphadenectomy did not improve prognosis in the general population or any subgroup.

Conclusion

There was a disparity between high regional lymphadenectomy rate and extremely low node‐positive rate in patients with HCC receiving LT, which requires further improvement in future clinical practice.
One‐year clinical outcomes with biologics in Crohn's disease: transmural healing compared with mucosal or no healing
Authors: Castiglione Fabiana , Imperatore Nicola , Testa Anna , De Palma Giovanni Domenico , Nardone Olga Maria , Pellegrini Lucienne , Caporaso Nicola , Rispo Antonio
Published: March 2019

Background

While mucosal healing has been proved to predict relevant clinical outcomes in Crohn's disease (CD), little is known about the long‐term significance of transmural healing.

Aims

To prospectively assess the 1‐year clinical outcomes in CD patients achieving transmural healing following treatment with biologics, and to compare them with those in patients reaching only mucosal healing or no healing.

Methods

Observational longitudinal study, evaluating 1‐year outcomes in terms of steroid‐free clinical remission, rate of hospitalisation and need for surgery in a group of CD patients treated with anti‐tumour necrosis factor (TNF) alpha for 2 years. Bowel sonography was used in all patients to determine transmural healing.

Results

Of 218 patients who completed a 2‐year treatment course with anti‐TNF alpha, 68 (31.2%) presented transmural (plus mucosal) healing (bowel wall thickness ≤3 mm at bowel sonography), 60 (27.5%) mucosal healing only, and 90 (41.3%) did not achieve any intestinal healing. Transmural healing was associated with a higher rate of steroid‐free clinical remission (95.6%), lower rates of hospitalisation (8.8%) and need for surgery (0%) at 1 year compared to mucosal (75%, 28.3% and 10%, respectively) and no healing (41%, 66.6% and 35.5%, respectively) (P < 0.001). Furthermore, transmural healing was associated with longer intervals until clinical relapse (HR, hazard ratio 0.87, P = 0.01), hospitalisation (HR 0.88, P = 0.002) and surgery (HR 0.94, P = 0.008) than mucosal healing. Also among patients discontinuing treatment with biologics, transmural healing predicted better clinical outcomes at 1 year than mucosal healing (P = 0.01).

Conclusions

Transmural healing is an ambitious and powerful treatment goal associated, to a greater extent than mucosal healing, with improvement of all clinical outcomes. Additionally, transmural healing is associated with better long‐term clinical outcomes than mucosal healing also after discontinuation of biologics.
Effects of feeding condensed barley distillers soluble on growth rate, ruminal fermentation, plasma metabolites, and myofiber properties of the longissimus thoracis muscle in Japanese Black calves
Authors: Tsuruoka Katsuhiko , Kurahara Takami , Kanamaru Hidenobu , Takahashi Hideyuki , Gotoh Takafumi
Published: March 2019

This study evaluated the effects of condensed barley distillers soluble (CBDS) on growth rate, rumen fermentation, plasma metabolite, and myofiber properties, and gene expression related to metabolism in the skeletal muscles of Japanese Black calves, compared with soybean meal and corn. Twenty‐four calves were divided into four groups: fed 5% CBDS based on the hay dry matter weight (low CBDS) and fed soybean meal and corn at the same nutrition level (control); and fed 15% CBDS based on the hay dry matter weight (high CBDS) and fed soybean meal and corn at the same nutrition level (high soy). The daily gain was larger in the low (p = 0.08) and high (p < 0.05) CBDS groups compared with the control group. In the CBDS‐fed groups, plasma β‐hydroxybutyric acid concentrations were significantly higher at 6 months of age (p < 0.05), the percentage of type I myofibers was significantly lower and their diameters were significantly larger at 9 months of age (p < 0.05), and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1b mRNA expression was significantly lower (p < 0.05) and citrate synthase mRNA expression tended to be lower (low; p = 0.06, high; p = 0.05) compared with control group. Thus, feeding CBDS promotes growth and leads to animals with more glycolytic and less oxidative muscle metabolism.
Giant sublacustrine landslide in the Cretaceous Songliao Basin, NE China
Authors: Pan Shuxin , Liu Caiyan , Li Xiangbo , Liang Sujuan , Chen Qilin , Zhang Wenting , Zhang Shuncun
Published: March 2019

Mass failure deposits in lacustrine settings are some of the most understudied facies associations in the ancient or modern rock record. We integrated seismic data and well logs to investigate the external morphology, internal architecture and deformation and reservoir distribution of the sublacustrine landslides in the Cretaceous Nengjiang Formation of the Songliao Basin (SLB). A large‐scale sublacustrine landslide, named the Qi‐Jia sublacustrine landslide (QJSL), has been identified in the Nengjiang Formation of the SLB. The QJSL is currently the largest known sublacustrine landslide in the world. This landslide covers an area that exceeds 300 km2, with an estimated volume of 30 km3. Seismic imaging and mapping reveal that the QJSL can be recognized by several distinguishing seismic characteristics: discontinuous and internal chaotic seismic facies, compressional structures in the downslope region, irregular top and basal surfaces and erosional grooves in basal shear surfaces. The QJSL is 20–200 m thick, and is composed of a succession of fine‐grained deposits. Sandy layers are present but sparse and thinner than 16 m, and form reservoirs of the petroleum discoveries in this area. Our analyses show that the mechanism that triggered the collapse of the QJSL is attributed to rapid deposition and deltaic progradation. This study demonstrates that sand‐rich sublacustrine landslides formed at delta front slope can serve as conventional reservoirs in the lake centre, and provide a new target for subaqueous hydrocarbon exploration and development.
Navigating the genetic landscape of childhood epilepsy: a new perspective?
Authors: Mctague Amy
Published: March 2019

This commentary is on the review by Gataullina et al. on pages 891–898 of this issue.
Effect of different doses of inhaled ciclesonide on lung function, clinical signs related to airflow limitation and serum cortisol levels in horses with experimentally induced mild to severe airway obstruction
Authors: Lavoie J.‐P. , Bullone M. , Rodrigues N. , Germim P. , Albrecht B. , von Salis‐Soglio M.
Published: March 2019

Background

Inhaled corticosteroids are effective for the treatment of equine asthma but they induce cortisol suppression with potential side effects.

Objectives

To study the efficacy of ciclesonide, an inhaled corticosteroid with an improved safety profile, on lung function, clinical signs related to airway obstruction, and serum cortisol levels in asthmatic horses exposed to a mouldy hay challenge.

Study design

Cross‐over placebo controlled, blinded, randomised experiment.

Methods

Sixteen horses were enrolled in three subsequent dose‐titration studies (8 horses/study) to investigate the effects of inhaled ciclesonide administered for 2 weeks at doses ranging from 450 to 2700 μg twice daily or 3712.5 μg once daily. Systemic dexamethasone (0.066 mg/kg per os) was our positive control. A placebo group was also studied. Lung function and clinical scores were blindly performed before and after 7 and 14 days of treatment. Serum cortisol was measured before and after 3, 5, 7, 10, 14 days of treatment as well as 3 and 7 days post treatment.

Results

After 7 days, dexamethasone induced a significant reduction in pulmonary resistance (from 2.5 ± 0.6 at day 0 to 1.1 ± 0.7 cm H2O/L/s), pulmonary elastance (5.0 ± 2.6 to 1.2 ± 1.0 cm H2O/L), and of the weighted clinical score (14.8 ± 4.7 to 8.0 ± 4.4). Similarly, ciclesonide 1687.5 μg twice daily significantly improved pulmonary resistance (2.7 ± 1.1 to 1.6 ± 0.8 cm H2O/L/s), pulmonary elastance (5.2 ± 3.1 to 2.2 ± 1.3 cm H2O/L), and weighted clinical score (13 ± 2.9 to 10.8 ± 4.2). Serum cortisol suppression (<50 nmol/L) systematically occurred with dexamethasone from day 3 of treatment up to day 3 post treatment, but not with ciclesonide at any tested doses. Placebo did not exert any significant beneficial effect.

Main limitations

Experimentally induced asthma exacerbations in horses might respond differently to treatment than naturally occurring exacerbations.

Conclusions

Inhaled ciclesonide is an effective treatment for horses with equine asthma. Serum cortisol was unaffected by treatment.
Comparing the clinical success rate of the dorsolateral approach to the medial approach for injection of the centrodistal joint in the horse
Authors: Hoaglund E. L. , Seabaugh K. A. , Selberg K. T. , Hess A. , Bass L.
Published: March 2019

Background

Centrodistal joint injection is an important component of lameness evaluation and treatment. Successful injection is poor for the medial approach. The dorsolateral approach is an alternative but has not been validated with contrast medium. Radiograph‐guidance has not been studied to determine its necessity or benefit for either approach.

Objectives

To determine if the dorsolateral approach to the centrodistal joint is more successful than the medial approach. To determine if radiograph‐guidance is beneficial.

Study design

Prospective, randomised study.

Methods

Three operators injected 98 centrodistal joints in total, each horse served as its own control. In Phase 1, injections were performed by standard technique. In the Phase 2, operators were allowed to use radiography to assist needle placement. Contrast deposition was evaluated by a single radiologist.

Results

Without radiographic assistance, 10/25 (40%) joints were successfully injected using either the medial or dorsolateral approach. With radiographic assistance, 19/24 (79%) joints were successfully injected using the medial approach, 11/24 (46%) joints were successfully injected using the dorsolateral approach.

Main limitations

The population consisted of aged horses representing a variety of breeds with existing osteoarthritis, and multiple operators were recruited.

Conclusions

The dorsolateral approach was equivalent to the medial approach when traditional injection techniques were used. Radiograph‐guidance improved success of the medial approach, but not the dorsolateral approach. Many injections performed from the dorsolateral approach (32/49; 65%) resulted in extensive perivascular subcutaneous contrast deposition after infiltration into the tarsal canal. Further research is needed to improve injection success of the centrodistal joint when using the dorsolateral approach.
Structural investigation of Al2O3 coatings by PECVD with a high deposition rate
Authors: Zhang Song , Zheng Long , Wei Geng , Guo Litong , Li Jun , Tu Rong , Zhang Lianmeng , Goto Takashi , Ohmori Hitoshi
Published: March 2019

The deposition of alumina on thermal barrier coatings can effectively avoid hot corrosion and increase durability. Al2O3 coatings were prepared on an yttria‐stabilized zirconia (YSZ) substrate by plasma chemical vapor deposition (CVD). The effects of microwave power (PM) and total pressure (Ptot) on the crystalline phase and microstructure of Al2O3 coatings were investigated, and the effect of the mechanism on the deposition rate was also analyzed. The α‐Al2O3 coatings with a needle‐like microstructure were formed at a higher PM and Ptot, whereas the γ‐phase coatings exhibited a cauliflower‐like microstructure at a lower PM and Ptot. A maximum deposition rate (Rdep) of 58 μmh−1 was obtained, which is significantly higher than those of conventional CVD methods.
Fibrous monolithic ceramic with a single alumina phase: Fracture and high‐temperature tribological behaviors
Authors: Su Yunfeng , Fan Hengzhong , Zhang Yongsheng , Song Junjie , Chen Shuna , Hu Litian
Published: March 2019

Fabrication of fibrous monolithic ceramic with bamboo‐like structures is a promising method to improve the mechanical properties of ceramics through extrinsic reinforcement. Nevertheless, heterogeneous boundaries are easily oxidized at high temperatures, which seriously limits the long‐term use of these materials when employed in high‐temperature and high/low‐temperature alternating environments. In this study, a “plain” ceramic—a single‐component and complex‐structure Al2O3 ceramic—was successfully designed and prepared using nano‐sized Al2O3 as polycrystalline fibers and micro‐sized Al2O3 as boundaries to obtain a structure with a fibrous monolithic architecture. Self‐toughening of Al2O3 ceramics can be achieved by introducing hierarchical architectures derived from the difference between grain sizes of fibers and boundaries, which gives the ceramics high fracture toughness and reliability. Moreover, the material demonstrated a low friction coefficient and high wear‐resistance properties when coupled with C/C composites at room temperature, 800°C, and in the alternating temperature enviroment between room temperature and 800°C.
Crystal distortion and electrical properties of Ce‐doped BIT‐based piezoelectric ceramics
Authors: Nie Rui , Yuan Jing , Chen Qiang , Xing Jie , Zhu Jianguo , Zhang Wen
Published: March 2019

Cerium (Ce)‐modified Bi4Ti2.94W0.03Ta0.03O12 (BITWT) high Curie temperature ceramics (abbreviated as BITWT‐xCe) were fabricated by a conventional solid‐state sintering method. All BITWT‐xCe ceramics had an orthogonal phase, but the structural distortion of the Ce‐doped BITWT ceramics was higher than that of BITWT ceramics, which reduced symmetry and improved piezoelectric performance. The relative density (ρr) of BITWT‐xCe ceramics was greater than 97%. Under the same conditions, the hysteresis loop of BITWT‐0.04Ce ceramics had higher saturation than that of BITWT ceramics. The piezoelectric constant (d33) was enhanced, and the highest d33 of 24.7 pC/N at x = 0.04 was obtained, which was 25% higher than that of BITWT ceramics (d33 = 19.8 pC/N). In addition, the tentative conduction mechanism of BITWT‐xCe ceramics was also discussed. Two oxidations (Ce3+ and Ce4+) were present in the Ce‐doped BITWT ceramics.
Antineoplastic agents exacerbate periodontal inflammation and aggravate experimental periodontitis
Authors: Gusman David Jonathan Rodrigues , Ervolino Edilson , Theodoro Letícia Helena , Garcia Valdir Gouveia , Nagata Maria José Hitomi , Alves Breno Edson Sendão , de Araujo Nathalia Januario , Matheus Henrique Rinaldi , de Almeida Juliano Milanezi
Published: March 2019

Aim

This study evaluated the effects of 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) and cisplatin (CIS) in healthy periodontal tissues and in the early stages of experimental periodontitis (EP) in rats.

Methods

One hundred and eighty male rats were divided into three groups, which were submitted to the following systemic treatments: physiological saline solution (PSS); CIS and 5FU. Each group was subdivided into two subgroups: without (NEP) and with (EP) induction of EP. Animals were euthanized at 3, 5 and 7 days post‐treatment. Histological, histometric (percentage of bone in the furcation [PBF]) and immunohistochemical (for tumour necrosis factor‐α, interleukin‐1β and receptor activator of nuclear factor‐κB ligand) analyses were performed. Data were statistically analysed.

Results

CIS‐NEP and 5FU‐NEP showed more inflammation than PSS‐NEP at 3, 5 and 7 days. CIS‐EP and 5FU‐EP showed more inflammation and lower PBF than PSS‐EP at all periods of evaluation. 5FU‐EP showed lower PBF than CIS‐EP at 5 and 7 days.

Conclusion

5‐FU and CIS exacerbated periodontal inflammation and aggravated the progression of EP in its early stages.
Key transitions in morphological development improve age estimates in white sturgeon Acipenser transmontanus
Authors: Zarri Liam J. , Mehl Sarah B. , Palkovacs Eric P. , Fangue Nann A.
Published: March 2019

We reared white sturgeon Acipenser transmontanus under laboratory conditions and found that a random‐forest model containing scute counts and total length predicted age significantly better than total length alone. Scute counts are rapid, inexpensive and non‐lethal meristics to gather in the field. This technique could improve age estimates of imperilled sturgeon populations.
Variation of actin filament length in dogs
Authors: Dries B. , Van Den Broeck W. , Jonkers I. , Vanwanseele B. , Temmerman R. , Dingemanse W. , Vander Sloten J. , Vanderperren K. , van Bree H. , Gielen I.
Published: March 2019

As the smallest functional unit of force production, the sarcomeres are important in determining muscle function. Actin filament lengths, which are important in determining optimal sarcomere length for a species, have not yet been reported in dogs. This study aims to provide a species‐specific value for actin filament length in dogs, while examining intraspecies, intermuscular and intramuscular variations. Muscle samples were taken from the tibialis anterior muscle, the lateral gastrocnemius muscle head and the medial gastrocnemius muscle head in 10 dogs including a Labrador, a Belgian Malinois, a Caucasian Shepherd, German Shepherds and some mixed‐breed dogs. Actin filament lengths were determined through transmission electron microscopy. Mean actin filament length across all muscle samples was 0.90 ± 0.01 μm. The low intraspecies variation, combined with a lack of important inter‐ and intramuscular variation found in this study, affirms the use of a species‐specific optimal sarcomere length of 1.89 μm for canine muscles.
It takes two to self‐disclose: Incremental theorists facilitate others’ self‐disclosure more than do entity theorists
Authors: Levontin Liat , Nakash Ora , Danziger Shai
Published: March 2019

Objective

We tested the prediction that incremental theorists are more likely to facilitate others’ self‐disclosure than are entity theorists.

Method

We conducted three studies: (a) a field study that examined client’s self‐disclosure (N = 122; Mage = 41.9, 67.8% woman; Israelis) during an intake interview with a professional therapist (N = 38; Mage = 46.2, 84.20% woman; Israelis), (b) a survey of adults (N = 120; Mage = 37.14, 57.6% female) who reported self‐perceptions and behaviors during conversations and their perceptions of others’ self‐disclosure. In both studies participants reported their implicit theories, and (c) an experiment (N = 250; Mage = 28.27, 56.6% female) in which participants whose implicit theories were manipulated reported their opening behaviors during a conversation and their perceptions of others’ self‐disclosure.

Results

Ones’ incremental theory of personality was positively related to another’s self‐disclosure, to one’s opening and disclosure‐encouraging behaviors, and was negatively related to one’s perceptions of others’ self‐protection tendency. Furthermore, one’s opening behaviors and perceptions of others’ self‐protection tendencies mediated the effect of one’s incremental theory on others’ self‐disclosure.

Conclusion

Those who believe people can grow and change, can influence others to trust their personal information with them, even when the information is negative.
Comparison between modified and conventional one‐handed chest compression techniques for child cardiopulmonary resuscitation: A randomised, non‐blind, cross‐over simulation trial
Authors: Lee Sung Shim , Lee Sang Dae , Oh Je Hyeok
Published: March 2019

Aim

Chest compression depth (CCD) decreases significantly when performing one‐handed chest compression (OHCC). We modified OHCC posture to increase CCD as follows: first, the axis of the compression hand was adjusted to the compression area; second, the opposite hand was wrapped around the elbow of the compression arm. This study compared modified OHCC with conventional OHCC for child cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

Methods

A total of 46 health‐care providers performed 2 min of continuous chest compression using conventional OHCC (trial 1) and modified OHCC (trial 2) in a random order on a 5‐year‐old‐sized child manikin lying on a bed. Chest compression parameters were assessed with an accelerometer and analysed by comparing the mean values of 30‐s segments.

Results

The average CCD decreased significantly in all segments in both trials (trial 1 (segments 1–4): 40.9 ± 5.6 mm, 39.4 ± 6.6 mm, 38.0 ± 6.9 mm, 36.7 ± 7.3 mm, P < 0.001; trial 2 (segments 1–4): 42.3 ± 5.4 mm, 41.2 ± 6.2 mm, 40.1 ± 6.8 mm, 39.0 ± 6.9 mm, P < 0.001). However, the average CCD in trial 2 was significantly greater in all segments than that in trial 1 (segments 1–4: P = 0.016; P = 0.009; P = 0.004; P = 0.001). The average chest compression rates were comparable in all segments in both trials.

Conclusion

By modifying OHCC posture, a deeper mean CCD could be maintained for 2 min than by using conventional OHCC.
Subependymoma involving multiple spinal cord levels: A clinicopathological case series with chromosomal microarray analysis
Authors: Mikula Anthony L. , Paolini Michael A. , Sukov William R. , Clarke Michelle J. , Raghunathan Aditya
Published: March 2019

Subependymomas of the spinal cord are rare, do not often involve multiple levels, and very rarely recur. Here, we present a series of spinal cord subependymomas with a detailed description of the clinical, radiological and pathological features, and characterization by chromosomal microarray analysis. Briefly, the four patients included two men and two women, between the ages of 22 and 48 years. The most common presenting symptoms were neck and arm pain with upper extremity weakness. By imaging, the tumors were found to involve multiple spinal levels, including cervical/ cervico‐thoracic (three patients) and thoracic (one patient), were all eccentric, and had minimal to no post‐contrast enhancement. Two patients underwent gross total resection, one had a sub‐total resection, and one underwent biopsy alone with a decompressive laminectomy. Follow up ranged from 6 months to 22 years. One patient (case 4) had recurrence 15 years following gross total resection and chromosomal microarray analysis revealed deletions on the long arm of chromosome 6. Our limited series suggests that spinal cord subependymomas can rarely recur, even following gross total resection, suggesting a possible role for long‐term surveillance for these rare tumors.
Efficacy of Jintiange Capsules in the Treatment of Osteoporosis: A Network Meta‐analysis
Authors: Sun Jing , Yang Xiong‐gang , Hu Yong‐cheng
Published: March 2019

Objective

To evaluate the efficacy of Jintiange capsules and Jintiange combined with other therapies in the treatment of osteoporosis.

Methods

A systematic review of the literature was conducted through databases including China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), the VIP Database for Chinese Technical Periodicals (VIP), Wanfang, and PubMed from inception to April 2018. Network meta‐analysis was used to determine the relative efficacy of related treatments on osteoporosis. The primary outcome measures are the bone mineral density (BMD) of the lumbar and femoral neck, and the secondary outcome measures are visual analog pain score (VAS) and adverse events. Two reviewers independently selected the studies, extracted information, and assessed the quality of included trials. Data extracted from eligible studies was pooled and meta‐analyzed, and the mean differences (MD) with their 95% confidence intervals were estimated as the effect size between treatments.

Results

Thirty‐one studies were included in this study, containing 28 randomized controlled trials (RCT) and 3 non‐randomized controlled trials (non‐RCT), with a total of 14 regimens treating osteoporosis. According to the surface under the cumulative ranking (SUCRA) curves, Jintiange capsules combined with atorvastatin (89.9%) and Jintiange combined with bisphosphonates (88.2%) have the best efficacy in terms of the BMD of the lumbar and femoral neck, respectively. Based on the VAS, Jintiange combined with calcium has the best analgesic effect (83.4%).

Conclusion

Jintiange capsules alone and combined with other therapies is a good choice for treating patients with osteoporosis in terms of improving BMD, relieving pain, and reducing adverse events. More large‐scale and well‐designed RCT are warranted to confirm the results of this study.
Perioperative anaphylaxis in a patient with a solitary mastocytoma
Authors: Requena López Sheila , Matito Almudena , Alvarez‐Twose Iván , Torrelo Antonio
Published: March 2019

Children with more extensive cutaneous mastocytosis have a higher risk for symptoms secondary to release of mast cell mediators. However, the remote possibility of anaphylaxis in patients with a solitary lesion suggests the need for cautious use of general anesthesia in these children. We describe an unusual case of a patient with a solitary mastocytoma who experienced an anaphylactic reaction during a surgical procedure and make recommendations to reduce the risk of intraoperative anaphylaxis in mast cell disease.
Full‐term newborn infant with blistering skin lesions—Caution regarding use of pain medications
Authors: Hussain Aamir , Sanders Melinda , Riotte Clare , Hussain Naveed
Published: March 2019

Multiple opioids are known to trigger mast cell degranulation. We report the case of a neonate with blistering skin lesions at birth who died of multi‐organ failure after administration of morphine. Given the excessive histamine release and potential complications associated with morphine administration, alternative opioids and adjuvants should be considered in infants presenting with evidence of bullous or infiltrative skin lesions until mastocytosis is ruled out.
Multi‐temporal transport network models for accessibility studies
Authors: Tomasiello Diego Bogado , Giannotti Mariana , Arbex Renato , Davis Clodoveu
Published: March 2019

Vehicle tracking is a spatio‐temporal source of high‐granularity travel time information that can be used for transportation planning. However, it is still a challenge to combine data from heterogeneous sources into a dynamic transport network, while allowing for network modifications over time. This article uses conceptual modeling to develop multi‐temporal transport networks in geographic information systems (GIS) for accessibility studies. The proposed multi‐temporal network enables accessibility studies with different temporal granularities and from any location inside the city, resulting in a flexible tool for transport and urban planning. The implemented network is tested in two case studies that focus on socially excluded people in a large global city, São Paulo, Brazil, including accessibility analyses from slum areas. It explores variations within a day and differences between transport modes across time. Case study results indicate how the accessibility is heterogeneous in low‐income regions.
Cancer‐testis antigens in canine histiocytic sarcoma and other malignancies
Authors: Nemec Paige S. , Kapatos Alexander , Holmes Jennifer C. , Stowe Devorah M. , Hess Paul R.
Published: March 2019

Cancer‐testis antigens (CTAs) are a category of self proteins aberrantly expressed in diverse malignancies, mostly solid tumours, due to epigenetic de‐repression. Normally expressed only in fetal or gametogenic tissues, CTAs are tantalizing immunotherapy targets, since autoimmunity risks appear minimal. Few prevalent CTAs have been identified in human hematologic cancers, and just two in their veterinary counterparts. We sought to discover new CTAs in canine hematologic cancers such as histiocytic sarcoma (HS) and lymphoma to foster immunotherapy development. To accomplish this, the ligandome binding the dog leukocyte antigen (DLA)‐88*508:01 class I allele overexpressed in an HS line was searched by mass spectrometry to identify possible CTA‐derived peptides, which could serve as CD8+ T‐cell epitopes. Twenty‐two peptides mapped to 5 human CTAs and 12 additional proteins with CTA characteristics. Expression of five promising candidates was then evaluated in tumour and normal tissue by quantitative and end‐point RT‐PCR. The ortholog of an established CTA, IGF2BP3, had unexpectedly high expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Four other testis‐enhanced proteins were also assessed. AKR1E2, SPECC1 and TPX2 were expressed variably in HS and T‐cell lymphoma biopsies, but also at high levels in critical tissues, including kidney, brain and marrow, diminishing their utility. A more tissue‐restricted candidate, NT5C1B, was detected in T‐cell lymphomas, but also at low levels in some normal dog tissues. These results illustrate the feasibility of discovering canine CTAs by a reverse approach, proceeding from identification of MHC class I‐presented peptides to a comparative RNA expression survey of tumours and normal tissues.
Effects of Exercise During or Postchemotherapy in Cancer Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Zeng Jingchun , Wu Jiaming , Tang Chunzhi , Xu Nenggui , Lu Liming
Published: March 2019

Background

Exercise may effectively reduce side effects caused by chemotherapy. However, no meta‐analyses of exercise during or postchemotherapy for cancer patients have been definitely performed to guide clinical practice.

Aims

To evaluate and summarize available scientific evidence to provide recommendations of an exercise intervention for cancer patients undergo chemotherapy.

Methods

A systematic review and meta‐analysis were performed with databases searching of MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, and Embase from their inception to October 15, 2017. Literature was selected to identify randomized controlled trials of exercise during or postchemotherapy for cancer patients. Risk‐of‐bias assessment was performed by two reviewers independently. Data were analyzed using the Cochrane Collaboration's RevMan 5.3 (Review Man, Copenhagen, Denmark).

Results

A total of 10 trials with 838 participants were included in our study. Exercise could have a beneficial effect in cancer patients undergo chemotherapy in the outcome of physical fitness (MD: 0.16, 95% CI: 0.08–0.25, p < .01 and MD: 2.46, 95% CI: 1.44–3.47, p < .01) and depression (MD: −1.36, 95% CI: −2.68 to −0.04, p = .04), but not in FACT‐G, FACT‐B, anxiety, weight, and BMI (all p > .05). Exercise sequence (during or postchemotherapy) did not influence the effect of exercise for cancer patients undergo chemotherapy. In total, six studies were assessed as an overall low risk of bias. Subgroup analyses and sensitivity analyses reached results similar to those of the meta‐analyses, which reflected our results were reliable and robust.

Linking Evidence to Action

Exercise seems to have a beneficial effect on physical fitness and depression, but not on quality of life, anxiety, weight, and BMI. More specific and detailed description of the implementation of exercise programs should be proposed in the future.
Development of Preservice Biology Teachers’ Skills in the Causal Process Concerning Photosynthesis
Authors: Saka Arzu
Published: March 2019

Photosynthesis is the most effective cycle and sustainable natural process known in nature. Students who learn the subject of photosynthesis well will also make better sense of other issues such as environmental problems, the state of the atmosphere, greenhouse gases, climate changes, carbon footprints and conservation of forests. The aim of this study is to present an example of a worksheet that investigates the skill levels possessed by preservice teachers’ in the causal process, and also to examine their ability to write a photosynthesis equation by means of a history-based approach that also includes reading skills. The study was conducted with the action research method. The study sample consisted of a total of 71 preservice biology teachers. At the first stage, before the implementation of the worksheet, 34 teacher candidates from within the sample were asked a question with a diagram summarising the photosynthesis process. At the second stage, all the prospective teachers were asked for the skill levels they possessed in the causal process to be assessed via implementation of the worksheet. The answers given by the preservice teachers in the defining variables section in particular make up the least answered section of the worksheet. In the section of the worksheet related to making inferences, The students were asked to write the four separate equations by revising them incrementally, and it is striking that the rates of correct answers given for each were high. There is a need for teaching materials to be designed in the field of science at university level and for these to be made available to science teachers in book format.
Examination of the Relationship between Certain Gene Variations and Psychological Factors with Physical Activity Level in the Individuals with the Diagnosis of Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorders
Authors: Toy Hatice , Tutkun Erkut , Zeybek Ümit , Cömert Itır Tarı , Taymur İbrahim
Published: March 2019

The research aims to examine certain gene variations and to examine relationship between psychological factors and activity levels by the individuals with schizophrenia and bipolar diagnosis. This research has been conducted with the participation of the patients with schizophrenia and bipolar diagnosis in the Mental Facility of Bursa Dört Çelik at the University of Health Science and all the patients take part in physical exercise activities regularly. During the research, IPAQ has been applied to determine participants’ physical activity levels whereas Beck’s Depression Inventory, Beck’s Anxiety Inventory, Staı Form TX-I-II, Beck’s Hopelessness Index has been applied to determine their psychological status after socio-demographic information of participants was obtained by demographic form. In order to examine properties of the participants genetically, oral swabs were obtained by SWAP kite. Genetic variations of cases have been recurred as a result of genotyping analysis of MAO-A, COMT, TH and SLC6A4 genes in GenoFeel panel by using isolated DNAs yielded from swap samples. When the results obtained from statistical analysis are analyzed, it has been seen that genetic properties pair with psychological factor meanwhile the characteristics of diseases bear a resemblance to these measurement. It was determined in this research that, genetic factor were matched with psychological factors, these measurement results resembled with the characteristic of diagnosed ailments as well and schizophrenia and bipolar patients have significance in MAO-A and COMT figures, excessive activation of TH (tyrosine hydroxylase) enzyme may also be included in excessive dopamine production, Homozygote mutation and heterozygote genotypes of gene which is related to SLC6A has rational increase whereas no significance was observed in schizophrenia patient’s group. As a consequence it shouldn’t be neglected that exercising should be a part of schizophrenia and bipolar patients’ life, that exercise, genetic parameters and psychological tests have positive contributions for treatments and that medical treatment has positive contributions with exercise.
Dinámicas socioecológicas y ecoturismo comunitario: un análisis comparativo en el eje fluvial Guayabero-Guaviare
Authors: Del Cairo Carlos Luis , Zuñiga Sebastián Gómez , Ortega Juan Eduardo , Gallego Daniel Ortiz , Rodríguez Maldonado Angie Carolina , Vélez Triana Juan Sebastián , Vergara Gutiérrez Tomás
Published: March 2019

Los efectos del ecoturismo en las relaciones entre habitantes y su entorno son complejos y multidimensionales. Para explorar estos efectos, se analizan comparativamente dos iniciativas ecoturísticas comunitarias del departamento del Guaviare, un territorio históricamente afectado por el conflicto armado y hoy priorizado como escenario de construcción de paz. El análisis articula enfoques de la ecología política y de los sistemas socioecológicos y destaca la pertinencia de comprender las relaciones de poder que emergen en contextos de ecoturismo comunitario que, a su vez, ayudan a dimensionar la manera en que este tipo particular de turismo incide en las dinámicas socioecológicas y en las estrategias de familias campesinas que buscan diversificar sus economías en clave sostenible.
El espacio social de los deshabitados en el Alto Aragón, España. Aproximación etnográfica a las actuales prácticas de ocupación como factor de conservación de un entorno rural de alto valor paisajístico
Authors: Ruiz-Varona Ana
Published: March 2019

El actual mal estado de conservación de los deshabitados del Prepirineo oscense representa un alarmante escenario de pérdida de valores culturales, paisajísticos, arquitectónicos y sociales asociados a este territorio. El estudio cualitativo de las prácticas de su reocupación proporciona conocimiento sobre la motivación, por parte de unas minorías, por recuperar estos escenarios de vida. Los resultados determinan cuál ha sido el papel del medio natural a la hora de ocupar determinados deshabitados y si estas experiencias pueden llegar a constituir opciones de autonomía y viabilidad para su preservación, incluso en el marco de los actuales instrumentos de planificación espacial.