bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Two center experience of capsule endoscopy in Iran: Report on 101 cases
Authors: Mansour-Ghanaei Fariborz , Asasi Morteza , Joukar Farahnaz , Rafiei Rahmatollah , Mansour-Ghanaei Alireza , Hajipour-Jafroudi Ehsan
Published: September 2017

Background: Capsule endoscopy (CE) is a minimally invasive method for the visual examination of the small intestine, which may be for the evaluation and follow-up of patients with Crohn's disease. It can also be used to look at mucosal inflammation.

Methods: This cross sectional study was used to determine the diagnostic efficacy of the CE system by performing a cross-sectional study of cases from 2011-2014. This study involved a total of 101 Iranian patients who were referred to the gastrointestinal and liver diseases outpatient clinics in Guilan (northern Iran) and in Isfahan (central Iran) for complaints of gastrointestinal problems. For all patients, definitive diagnosis had failed with the use of other diagnostic tools and CE was performed. Descriptive analysis was used. The patient population was represented by men and women equally, and the mean age of the patients was 42.3 ± 17.2 years (range: 16-89 years).

Results: The final diagnoses were: non-specific enteritis (30.6%), Crohn's disease (20.7%), ulcers caused by aspirin or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (8.9%), mucosal erosion (5.9%) and angioectasia (4.9%); nearly 10% of the patients had normal findings. Analysis of the distribution of chief presenting complaints with patients stratified by the final diagnosis of Crohn's disease showed that the most frequently presented chief complaint was abdominal pain 42.9% and the least frequently presented chief complaint was diarrhea (4.8%).

Conclusions: Small bowel evaluation by CE was well tolerated and capable of diagnosing Crohn's disease and gastrointestinal bleeding in patients who failed other diagnostic tests.
Meta-fibrosis links positive energy balance and mitochondrial metabolism to insulin resistance
Authors: Lark Daniel S. , Wasserman David H.
Published: September 2017

Obesity and insulin resistance often emerge from positive energy balance and generally are linked to low-grade inflammation. This low-grade inflammation has been called “meta-inflammation” because it is a consequence of the metabolic dysregulation that can accompany overnutrition. One means by which meta-inflammation is linked to insulin resistance is extracellular matrix expansion secondary to meta-inflammation, which we define here as “meta-fibrosis”. The significance of meta-fibrosis is that it reflects a situation in which the extracellular matrix functions as a multi-level integrator of local (for example, mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production) and systemic (for example, inflammation) inputs that couple to cellular processes creating insulin resistance. While adipose tissue extracellular matrix remodeling has received considerable attention, it is becoming increasingly apparent that liver and skeletal muscle extracellular matrix remodeling also contributes to insulin resistance. In this review, we address recent advances in our understanding of energy balance, mitochondrial energetics, meta-inflammation, and meta-fibrosis in the development of insulin resistance.
Predator and prey functional traits: understanding the adaptive machinery driving predator–prey interactions
Authors: Schmitz Oswald
Published: September 2017

Predator–prey relationships are a central component of community dynamics. Classic approaches have tried to understand and predict these relationships in terms of consumptive interactions between predator and prey species, but characterizing the interaction this way is insufficient to predict the complexity and context dependency inherent in predator–prey relationships. Recent approaches have begun to explore predator–prey relationships in terms of an evolutionary-ecological game in which predator and prey adapt to each other through reciprocal interactions involving context-dependent expression of functional traits that influence their biomechanics. Functional traits are defined as any morphological, behavioral, or physiological trait of an organism associated with a biotic interaction. Such traits include predator and prey body size, predator and prey personality, predator hunting mode, prey mobility, prey anti-predator behavior, and prey physiological stress. Here, I discuss recent advances in this functional trait approach. Evidence shows that the nature and strength of many interactions are dependent upon the relative magnitude of predator and prey functional traits. Moreover, trait responses can be triggered by non-consumptive predator–prey interactions elicited by responses of prey to risk of predation. These interactions in turn can have dynamic feedbacks that can change the context of the predator–prey interaction, causing predator and prey to adapt their traits—through phenotypically plastic or rapid evolutionary responses—and the nature of their interaction. Research shows that examining predator–prey interactions through the lens of an adaptive evolutionary-ecological game offers a foundation to explain variety in the nature and strength of predator–prey interactions observed in different ecological contexts.
Case Report: Spontaneous cholecystocutaneous fistula, a rare cholethiasis complication
Authors: Rinzivillo Nunzio Maria Angelo , Danna Riccardo , Leanza Vito , Lodato Melissa , Marchese Salvatore , Basile Francesco , Zanghì Guido Nicola
Published: September 2017

One of the most unusual complications in cholethiasis is spontaneous cholecystocutaneous fistula, which has only been reported a few times in the literature.  We report the case of a 76 year old man who presented with a right hypochondrium subcutaneous abscess, with pain evoked through palpation.  No comorbidity in the patient’s medical history were noted.   Confirmation of cholecystocutaneous fistula was made using the proper diagnostic process, which is computed tomography with contrast media, followed by hepatobiliary MRI. This confirmed the presence of a fistulous pathway between the gallbladder and the skin.  The patient underwent cholecystectomy surgery and open laparotomy with en block aponeurotic muscle, skin and fistula orifice excision.
Expanding the chemical information science gateway
Authors: Bajorath Jürgen
Published: September 2017

Broadly defined, chemical information science (CIS) covers chemical structure and data analysis including biological activity data as well as processing, organization, and retrieval of any form of chemical information. The CIS Gateway (CISG) of F1000Research was created to communicate research involving the entire spectrum of chemical information, including chem(o)informatics. CISG provides a forum for high-quality publications and a meaningful alternative to conventional journals. This gateway is supported by leading experts in the field recognizing the need for open science and a flexible publication platform enabling off-the-beaten path contributions. This editorial aims to further rationalize the scope of CISG, position it within its scientific environment, and open it up to a wider audience. Chemical information science is an interdisciplinary field with high potential to interface with experimental work.
Feature determination from powered wheelchair user joystick input characteristics for adapting driving assistance
Authors: Gillham Michael , Pepper Matthew , Kelly Steve , Howells Gareth
Published: September 2017

Background: Many powered wheelchair users find their medical condition and their ability to drive the wheelchair will change over time. In order to maintain their independent mobility, the powered chair will require adjustment over time to suit the user's needs, thus regular input from healthcare professionals is required. These limited resources can result in the user having to wait weeks for appointments, resulting in the user losing independent mobility, consequently affecting their quality of life and that of their family and carers. In order to provide an adaptive assistive driving system, a range of features need to be identified which are suitable for initial system setup and can automatically provide data for re-calibration over the long term.

Methods: A questionnaire was designed to collect information from powered wheelchair users with regard to their symptoms and how they changed over time. Another group of volunteer participants were asked to drive a test platform and complete a course which represented manoeuvring in a very confined space as quickly as possible. Two of those participants were also monitored over a longer period in their normal home daily environment. Features, thought to be suitable, were examined using pattern recognition classifiers to determine their suitability for identifying the changing user input over time.

Results: The results are not designed to provide absolute insight into the individual user behaviour, as no ground truth of their ability has been determined, they do nevertheless demonstrate the utility of the measured features to provide evidence of the users’ changing ability over time whilst driving a powered wheelchair.

Conclusions: Determining the driving features and adjustable elements provides the initial step towards developing an adaptable assistive technology for the user when the ground truths of the individual and their machine have been learned by a smart pattern recognition system.
The Workshop on the Constitutional Law of the Russian Federation
Authors: Лукоянов Денис , Lukoyanov Denis
Published: September 2017

Workshop on constitutional law of the Russian Federation prepared in accordance with the Federal state educational standard of higher education on specialty "Jurisprudence", qualification (degree) "bachelor".
The workshop contains the topics of seminars, a list of questions for each topic, sources of legal regulation, basic terms and complex theoretical and practical tasks. Each topic is accompanied by questions for reflection, which can become a subject for debate and to form opinions of the students on the issues of concern. The workshop also included self-assessment tests, sample list of examination questions, a list of the basic literature in the discipline. This publication focuses on using a creative approach to the study of constitutional law of the Russian Federation.
The workshop is intended for students, teachers, and anyone interested in the constitutional law of the Russian Federation, is committed to deeper, more creative learning of theoretical material.
Anti-inflammatory Effect of Cultivated Wild Panax ginseng Extracts at Various Ages in RAW264.6 Macrophages
Authors: Lee Geun , Na Guihwan , Kim Wooki , Baik Mooyeol , Lee Hyungjae , Hwang Jae-Kwan
Published: September 2017

It is well-known that cultivated wild Panax ginseng has anti-inflammatory effect. However, a comparative study on cultivation period vs biofunctionality is currently lacking. In this study, 70% ethanol extracts of 3-years (yrs)-, 5-yrs-, or 7-yrs-old cultivated wild ginseng were evaluated for their inhibitory effects on RAW264.7 murine macrophages. Specifically, the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-6 [IL-6] and tumor necrosis factor-alpha [TNF-α]), the expression of surface proteins (CD80, CD86, and MHC-II), and the phagocytic properties were investigated. RAW264.7 cells were induced by 500 ng/mL of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and treated with 0.1, 1, and 10 ppm of samples. LPS-induced IL-6, TNF-α and surface proteins in all samples were downregulated in a dose-dependent manner. Both IL-6 and TNF-α were significantly reduced at 10 ppm of the 7-yrsold sample compared to 10 ppm of 3-yrs- and 5-yrs-old samples. CD80 and CD86 were also reduced at 10 ppm of all samples, and there was no difference among samples. The phagocytosis has no difference except in 10 ppm of 3 yr-old sample. The results suggest that cultivated wild ginseng extract has anti-inflammatory effect without decreasing phagocytosis.
Mechanical and Biological Characteristics of Reinforced 3D Printing Filament Composites with Agricultural By-product
Authors: Kim Hye-Been , Seo Yu-Ri , Chang Kyeong-Je , Park Sang-Bae , Seonwoo Hoon , Kim Jin-Woo , Kim Jangho , Lim Ki-Taek
Published: September 2017

Scaffolds of cell substrates are biophysical platforms for cell attachment, proliferation, and differentiation. They ultimately play a leading-edge role in the regeneration of tissues. Recent studies have shown the potential of bioactive scaffolds (i.e., osteo-inductive) through 3D printing. In this study, rice bran-derived biocomposite was fabricated for fused deposition modeling (FDM)-based 3D printing as a potential bone-graft analogue. Rice bran by-product was blended with poly caprolactone (PCL), a synthetic commercial biodegradable polymer. An extruder with extrusion process molding was adopted to manufacture the newly blended “green material.” Processing conditions affected the performance of these blends. Bio-filament composite was characterized using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Mechanical characterization of bio-filament composite was carried out to determine stress-strain and compressive strength. Biological behaviors of bio-filament composites were also investigated by assessing cell cytotoxicity and water contact angle. EDX results of bio-filament composites indicated the presence of organic compounds. These bio-filament composites were found to have higher tensile strength than conventional PCL filament. They exhibited positive response in cytotoxicity. Biological analysis revealed better compatibility of r-PCL with rice bran. Such rice bran blended bio-filament composite was found to have higher elongation and strength compared to control PCL.
Effects of Microencapsulation Using Maltodextrin and/or Cyclodextrin on Water Absorption and Bioactivity of Corn Silk Extract
Authors: Lee In Gyeong , Lim Ji Eun , Kim Sun Lim , Kang Hyeon Jung , Kim Woo Kyoung , Kim Myung Hwan
Published: September 2017

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of microencapsulation on the water absorption, DPPH radical scavenging activity (DRSA), hydroxyl radical scavenging activity (HRSA) and tyrosinase inhibition activity (TIA) in corn silk extracts. The lowest value (0.20) of water absorption index (WAI) and the highest value (95.23%) of water solubility index (WSI) were maltodextrin+cyclodextrin microencapulated corn silk extracts (MD+CD) and cyclodextrin encapulated corn silk extracts (CD), respectively. The 18.60% for DRSA value of control was increased to 89.25% for that of CD. The 16.89% for HRSA value of control was increased to 47.46%, and 7.16% for TIA value of control was increased to 39.35% for that of MD+CD, respectively. The MD+CD would be used for functional food and cosmetics materials as antioxidant and skin whitening agents. All investigated responses between control and treatment were statistically significant (p<0.05).
Towards a new methodology for working with historic theatre costume: A biographical approach focussing on Ellen Terry’s ‘Beetlewing Dress’
Authors: Isaac Veronica
Published: September 2017

Direct engagement with the material culture of historic theatre costume, particularly surviving costumes, has the potential to make a significant contribution to the existing discourse surrounding costume and performance. The comparative absence of the surviving costumes from such discussions
stems in part from the fact that the value of this source material has yet to be fully recognized, researched and theorized. Responding directly to that challenge, this article unites approaches from dress history, theatre history and material culture to offer a specific methodology for the
investigation and analysis of theatre costume, which is founded upon the examination and assessment of such garments. Nineteenth-century actress Ellen Terry (1847–1928) will be used as a case study through which to present this new methodology. Most famous for the 22 years she spent
as the leading lady of the Lyceum Theatre, this discussion will focus on one of Terry’s more celebrated Shakespearean roles, Lady Macbeth. It will explore the design, creation and afterlife of costumes worn by Terry in the 1888 Lyceum production of Macbeth, and consider the crucial
part they played, not simply in the original staging, but also in shaping the legacy of both performance and performer. The close analysis of this key example from Terry’s theatrical wardrobe will establish the factors fundamental to the interpretation of such garments and demonstrate
the evidence offered from material culture sources, most importantly, surviving costumes. Through this discussion, the article will offer a new methodology for the analysis of historic theatre costume, which can be employed in the study of other figures, theatres and periods, opening up a
new and productive direction for future research.
Editorial: The Presence of the Past: Lessons of history for anti-trafficking work
Authors: Davidson Julia O’Connell
Published: September 2017

This issue of the Anti-Trafficking Review is concerned with some of the histories that created, and that continue to shape, both the present-day phenomena discussed under the rubric of trafficking, and the contemporary discourse of trafficking itself. One such history is that of transatlantic slavery. Since the millennium, numerous NGOs have been founded in the US, Australia and Europe with a mission to end what they call ‘modern slavery’. Their campaigns have overlapped with, and played a significant role in shaping, the development of media, NGO, policy and political discourse on human trafficking, which is, according to the antislavery NGO Free the Slaves, ‘the modern day slave trade—the process of enslaving a person’.1 In this discourse, the history of transatlantic slavery is invoked by means of visual as well as textual references in order to emphasise the severity of trafficking (and other phenomena included under the umbrella of ‘modern slavery’) as a human rights violation. The message has been communicated so effectively that although in international law slavery is held to be only one of several possible outcomes of trafficking, in the anti-trafficking rhetoric emanating from national and international policy agencies, as well as NGOs, trafficking is now frequently said to be ‘modern slavery’.2
Children’s Literature and Literary Competence Development: a Didactic Proposal Using the Picture Book Amazing Grace in Primary Education
Authors: Alabau Rivas Esther
Published: September 2017

This work pretends to highlight how we, as teachers, guide our students in making-meaning processes by using picture books because they are motivating and they help them achieve meaningful learning while enjoying the language, the content and literature in the English class. We introduce the picture book Amazing Grace, written by Mary Hoffman and illustrated by Caroline Binch, to our Primary School students in the English class. Moreover, we present —in order to help them improving their five literacy skills (reading, writing, listening, speaking and thinking) at the same time that they are developing their literary competence— the Reyes’ model for the development of Literary Competence. This is a triangular model that gives support to the idea that the reader establishes a dialogue with the text.
Knowledge, attitudes, practices (KAP), and financial losses of buffalo raisers due to Surra among selected villages in Southern Philippines
Authors: Escarlos Jr Jose A , Cane J. F. , Dargantes Alan P.
Published: September 2017

The study was conducted to assess the knowledge, attitudes, practices (KAP), and financial losses of buffalo raisers due to Trypanosoma evansi infection (surra) and its control in Agusan del Sur Province. One-hundred and sixty (160) buffalo raisers from eight villages in four municipalities (towns) in Agusan del Sur, Mindanao, Southern Philippines were personally interviewed. Majority (63.65%) of respondents provided information about surra. Mean knowledge score of 12.54 was quite low to consider the respondents well informed about surra. Financial losses from mortalities among livestock in eight villages (in four towns) in Agusan del Sur amounted to 9.3 million Philippine Pesos (PHP) (US$ 0.2 M) with additional losses for treatment and diagnosis amounting to PHP 657,000 and PHP 229,500, respectively. The estimated mass treatment and diagnostic costs were PHP 2.4 and PHP 1.1 million, respectively. The estimated overall total financial losses was PHP 13.7 million, averaging PHP 1.7 million per village, and an estimated PHP 538 million (US$ 10.7 M) of total financial losses among livestock in Agusan del Sur due to surra. In conclusion, buffalo raisers in Agusan del Sur Province lack adequate knowledge, attitudes and practices to effectively control surra, a disease that has caused high financial losses among livestock in the province.
Response of sheep fed on corn cob silage or elephant grass basal diet with or without Calliandra leaf meal supplementation
Authors: Yulistiani Dwi
Published: September 2017

Limited availability of forage diet throughout the year could be overcome by utilization of crop by-products. Corn cob, a by-product from maize production is potential to be used as a fiber source for grass replacement. The objective of the study was to compare the effect of two different basal diets (basal grass diet and corn cob silage) with or without Calliandra supplementation on feed intake, nutrient digestibility, nitrogen utilization, rumen fermentation and growth of sheep. The study used 20 male sheep St Croix breed. The sheep were divided into 5 groups based on body weight. Each group was fed with one of four diet treatments for 13 weeks. The treatments were grass basal diet + concentrate, Corn cob silage (CCS) + concentrate, Grass basal diet + concentrate + 5% Calliandra leaf meal, CCS + concentrate + 5% Calliandra leaf meal. The ratio of basal diet (grass or CCS) to concentrate was 40 : 60% and was formulated in iso protein (crude protein content 14%). The diet was offered in total mix ration. The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design and arranged in factorial 2 x 2 (2 type basal diets and 2 Calliandra supplementation levels) with 5 replications. Results showed that there was no interaction between basal diet and Calliandra supplementation on feed consumption, average daily gain (ADG), nutrient digestibility, rumen fermentation, except for crude protein (CP) intake. Feed consumption was not affected by basal diets or Calliandra supplementation. Feed conversion ratio and protein conversion ratio were better in grass basal diet than CCS. CP digestibility was higher in corn cob silage than basal grass diet without Calliandra supplementation. N retention was higher in corn cob basal diet than basal grass diet. Rumen fermentation was significantly affected by basal diet in which rumen ammonia and VFA concentrations were higher in grass basal diet. Grass basal diet had higher propionic acid production than CCS basal diet. From this study, it could be concluded that in iso protein diet, basal grass diet was comparable to corn cob basal diet as revealed by average daily gain was similar in both diets with average 107.5 g/head/day. Calliandra supplementation at 5% in the grass or CCS basal diet did not improve sheep performance.
Milk Products Diversification to Increase Profit of Dairy Goat Farming
Authors: . Sumanto
Published: September 2017

Dairy goat farming in Indonesia is growing because goat milk is attractive as nutrient supplement and alternative medicine for human health. Selling fresh goat's milk often becomes a constraint because not all consumers can drink it due to unpleasant smell. Effort on diversification of fresh goat's milk into processed milk products is considered a good option, but only few farmers have done it. Milk processing is useful to eliminate the smell of fresh goat's milk and to increase value-added. Goat population is around 19.01 million head, while dairy goat population has not been known yet. The paper describes the benefit of processing  fresh goat milk to increase goat farming profit through the improvement of feed management, and selling the processed milk. Better management increase lactation period from 170 to 250 days, milk production from <1 to 2 liter/head/day, and higher price of processed milk. Investment on 59 does and 7 bucks for five years through the goat milk diversification has increased profit by 33.53%. Diversification of processing goat milk product is necessary to increase productivity and value added of fresh milk.
Small Ruminant Breeding Plans for Smallholder Systems
Authors: Iniguez Luis
Published: September 2017

The transfer of animal genetic improvement strategies in the environments of resource-poor smallholder producers in developing countries has not been successful. Therefore, the access by farmers to sources of animals with high genetic potential is difficult or just not possible. As producers improve or intensify their systems to capture market opportunities, this access need is accentuated. This paper reviews identified constraints to the transfer of breeding plans, the need for a new approach, and the lessons learned in applying a better-targeted approach. The issues and thoughts were derived from the experience of a working group involving the International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas; Austrian University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences; Argentinean National Institute of Agriculture Technology; Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa Goats and Sheep); and National Research Institute for Forestry, Agriculture and Animal Production-Mexico. The transfer of breeding strategies in smallholder systems is not a straightforward task. Contrasting a successful application in commercial livestock production environments, the achievement of the primary objectives in smallholder systems requires a holistic approach beyond pure technical matters. Of all identified aspects with direct incidence in the implementation of breeding plans, the lack of specific national policies coupled with long-term funding to support the improvement of smallholder production systems, and the lack of involvement and participation of the communities emerge as issues that gravitate more to achieve sustainability and meet the objectives of a given breeding plan.
Espacio y tiempo en la vida humana y su experiencia en el arte. Un estudio en torno al intercambio intelectual entre Martin Heidegger y Eduardo Chillida
Authors: Rabe Ana María
Published: September 2017

Martin Heidegger y Eduardo Chillida mantuvieron un rico y fértil intercambio intelectual en los años 1968 y 1969, cuando estaban preparando el libro de bibliófilo Die Kunst und der Raum («El arte y el espacio») que contendría un texto sobre el arte y el espacio, escrito por Heidegger, y siete lito-collages, además de una litografía creadas por Chillida. El artículo trata la similitud que hay entre las concepciones de espacio y tiempo del pensador alemán y del escultor vasco-español. Ambos conciben el espacio en relación con el tiempo como algo dinámico, inseparable de la vida y experiencia humana, que no está simplemente «dado», sino que hay que buscar y realizar. El punto de partida de este artículo es una circunstancia que no ha sido investigada hasta el momento: Heidegger leyó y discutió con Chillida las reflexiones sobre el espacio que éste había escrito y que le había mandado a principios de 1969 a petición suya. Al final del artículo se publican por primera vez las reflexiones de Chillida, que Heidegger usó en una traducción alemana cuando estaba preparando su texto sobre «El arte y el espacio», así como una selección más grande de reflexiones de Chillida, que el artista pudo haber mandado al filósofo, y finalmente también una página de los apuntes que Heidegger hizo sobre Chillida.
La escucha del infinito. Sobre el sentido ontológico de la música a partir de las teorías estéticas de Schelling, Schopenhauer y Levinas
Authors: Llorente Jaime
Published: September 2017

El presente estudio tiene como propósito abordar la cuestión del posible significado ontológico-metafísico implícitamente contenido en la reflexión estética relativa al fenómeno de la sonoridad musical. Partiendo de la consideración del modo de ser específico de la música como «acontecimiento» ontológico indeterminado separado de los objetos concretos, se examina el modo en el cual la tensión entre el límite marcado por el mundo de las cosas definidas y el poder «des-limitante» del sonido se expresa en el contexto de las propuestas estéticas acerca de la esencia de la música elaboradas por F. W. J. Schelling, Arthur Schopenhauer y Emmanuel Levinas. Estas tres meditaciones, cada una a su particular modo, coinciden en señalar una singular referencia de lo musical a lo ontológicamente indefinido, «ab-soluto» y carente de limitación, que convierte la experiencia de la captación musical en una peculiar variante de escucha de lo in-finito.
Espacio, arte y transcendencia
Authors: Pinilla Burgos Ricardo
Published: September 2017

A la luz del análisis heideggeriano del espacio y del arte, y su vinculación con un hito de la escultura moderna como Eduardo Chillida, se presenta el espacio, junto al tiempo, como un elemento fundamental del arte y especialmente de la escultura y de la arquitectura, no como un fondo neutro homogéneo, sino como un fenómeno originario que compromete desde el principio la creación y el modo peculiar de trascendencia al que nos invita toda obra de arte. Toda obra nos sumerge de un lado en una febril inmanencia sensible y corporal, en el misterio de lo sensible (estético) que somos, pero a su vez nos lleva más allá o más acá de los significados y relaciones convenidas y de nuestra situación. A partir de aquí se planteará si y cómo se puede poner la experiencia estética del espacio en relación con la trascendencia de la que habla comúnmente la religión, iluminada a su vez desde el estudio de lo sagrado de Mircea Eliade.
La "novelería" del ser proyectivo como réplica de Zambrano a la ética (de la metafísica existenciaria) de Ortega
Authors: Ferrari Enrique
Published: September 2017

Ortega presenta su metafísica como un sistema de imágenes alrededor de la novela como metáfora de la vida. Pero confunde el sujeto y el objeto referenciales en su explicación de la vida como acción, porque previamente no ha trabajado lo suficiente en su estética el personaje (como autónomo dentro de la ficción, no desde el novelista). Zambrano, en cambio, sí tiene una reflexión propia del personaje que le permite moverse mejor en la analogía, verle más aspectos. Por ejemplo, el envés desde la ética de la condición de proyectivo del hombre (neutra, sin una valoración moral en Ortega): para Zambrano una actitud reprobable como comportamiento buscado, el sacrificio de la vida a un esquema preconcebido reductor. Lo que llama «novelería» en su lectura de la Nina de Galdós.
Symmetric Equilibria in a Cost-Averting War of Attrition Requiring Minimum Necessary Conceders
Authors: Kim Geofferey Jiyun , Kim Bara
Published: September 2017

This paper provides an analysis of a cost-averting war of attrition with minimum necessary conceders. All symmetric stationary Nash equilibria are characterized. The multiplicity of equilibria has called for further refinements. We show that there exists a unique symmetric stationary trembling hand perfect equilibrium. Comparative statics results of the trembling hand perfect equilibrium are provided. This paper’s model is motivated by the problem of delayed public goods provisions in collective action settings. Augmenting the number of minimum necessary conceders can curtail delays.
Lexikographische Lösungsansätze: Zur Bedeutung korpuslinguistischer Kontexualisierungsstrategien
Authors: Höhmann Doris
Published: September 2017

In recent years, both the availability of electronic resources (such as the BNC and the DWDS) and the possibility of compiling highly specialised large corpora (e.g. on the same topic, interaction type or communicative event) together with the development of ever more sophisticated corpus-linguistic tools, have opened new horizons in the study of language use and, consequently, in lexicography, translation and the teaching and learning of second/foreign languages. However, working with huge amounts of data and/or information remains a challenging issue, and search strategies are needed to cope more effectively with linguistic phenomena such as intralinguistic and interlinguistic variation in language use and polyfunctionality, which appear to be the rule rather than the exception in natural languages, not only in everyday language but in LSP communication, too.

This paper will focus on different contextualization strategies. The examples offered, drawn from highly specialized subcorpora on the one hand and from very large general language corpora on the other, will illustrate once more the impact of variables such as domain, topic, text type etc., which can be observed even in the case of core vocabulary items. Furthermore it will discuss the potential offered by concgrams, which allow us to cope with many of the difficulties described above.
Improvement through/despite Emails
Authors: Pelikan Kristina
Published: September 2017

Email flooding, deleting emails without reading them – both common parts of our daily workflows. Emails need to motivate their recipients to read them and of course, the number of emails we receive every day play a crucial role. The present paper shall not only describe how the email communication between the members of a research project could be enhanced, but also show how helpful emails are for implementing strategic communication optimisation. By involving the project members as probands in a study based on AMASA (Research project “Accessing Medicines in Africa and South Asia”) emails for developing a restructuring of the internal communication, the process of communication optimisation was accepted by the project members and the strategic superiour aims could be met.
Comparison of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and metabolic parameters between women with and without polycystic ovarian syndrome
Authors: Ng Beng Kwang , Lee Chui Ling , Lim Pei Shan , Othman Hanita , Ismail Nor Azlin Mohamed
Published: September 2017

Background

There is increasing evidence that supports the contribution of vitamin D deficiency in metabolic disturbances among women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). The aim of this study was to compare 25-hydroxyvitamin D level and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in the PCOS and normal women.

Materials and methods

A case-controlled study was conducted in a teaching hospital over a 6-month duration from June 2015 to January 2016. A total of 90 women, who consisted of 45 women with PCOS (study group) and 45 women without PCOS (control group), were recruited.

Results

The final analysis was of 80 women only and the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (<20 ng/mL) was high between both groups, i.e. 93.7% but there was no significant difference (p = 0.874). Nevertheless, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome was significantly higher in the study group as compared to the control group (27.5% vs. 5.0%, p = 0.013). There was no statistically significant correlation between vitamin D level with clinical [age, weight, body mass index (BMI), waist and hip circumference, systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DPB, respectively)] and metabolic parameters (fasting glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein and low-density lipoprotein) among women with PCOS. However, height was positively correlated (r = 0.338, p = 0.033) and the contrary waist-hip ratio was negatively correlated with vitamin D level (r = −0.605, p = 0.048).

Conclusion

The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was high in our study population. Nevertheless, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome was higher among women with PCOS as compared to women without PCOS.
The substance of style: Gender, social class and interactional stance in /s/-fronting in southeast England
Authors: Holmes-Elliott Sophie , Levon Erez
Published: September 2017

This paper proposes an empirical method for the quantitative analysis of stance-taking in interaction. Building on recent conceptualizations of stance as the primary building-block of variation in language style, we describe how to implement an analysis of stance within a variationist framework via an examination of the particular speech activities within which stances are embedded combined with a consideration of the specific interactional goals these activities achieve. We illustrate our proposals with an investigation of variation in /s/-quality in the speech of cast members from two British reality television programs. Examining nearly 2000 tokens of /s/ in over 6 hours of recorded speech, we demonstrate how different acoustic realizations of /s/ in the sample correlate with the level of “threat” of a given speech activity, and we argue that this interactionally based analysis provides a better explanatory account of the patterns in our data than an analysis based on large social categories would. Through this paper, we therefore hope to contribute not only to the development of a more robust method for examining stance in quantitative sociolinguistic research, but also to help clarify the relationship between stances, speech activities and speaker identities more broadly.
Implicit and explicit gender priming in English lingual sibilant fricative perception
Authors: Munson Benjamin , Ryherd Kayleigh , Kemper Sara
Published: September 2017

Previous research has shown that listeners’ identification of English anterior sibilant fricatives changes depending on whether they are primed to believe that the talker is a woman or a man. This article explored how stable this effect is across two types of priming. Listeners identified a nine-step
Application of the Proper Orthogonal Decomposition Method in Analyzing Active Separation Control With Periodic Vibration Wall
Authors: Wang Jin-Chun , Fu Xin , Huang Guo-Ping , Hong Shu-Li , Zou Yuan-Chi
Published: September 2017

The proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) method is employed to analyze the unsteady flow control mechanism because it is a good approach to decouple the spatial and temporal structures of unsteady flow fields. The results showed that the main effect of the periodic excitation is reallocating the energy of each mode, and selectively strengthening or weakening certain modes. Under proper amplitude and frequency of periodic excitation, the energy in higher modes will be transferred to the first mode and the translation of the modal energy is coming from the reconstructing of spatial flow structures and the ordering of modal evolution characteristics. The best control effect will be achieved when the total energy ratio of the first mode is the highest and the excitation frequency reaches the separation vortex frequency at the same time. In order to quantitatively analyze the order degree of the unsteady flow field, the maximum Lyapunov exponent was introduced. The results showed that with the energy in higher modes transferred to the lower modes, the flow field transfers from a disordered pattern to an ordered one.
Control of Supersonic Elliptic Jet with Ventilated Tabs
Authors: Akram Saif , Rathakrishnan E.
Published: September 2017

Control of Mach 1.5 elliptic jet with ventilated triangular tabs is studied experimentally, in the presence of different levels of pressure gradient at the nozzle exit. Three different sets of ventilated tabs with circular, triangular and trapezoidal ventilations were studied. Two tabs were placed, at the ends of major and minor axes, at the exit of the elliptic nozzle of aspect ratio 3.37. The mixing enhancement caused by these tabs was studied in the presence of adverse and favorable pressure gradients, corresponding to nozzle pressure ratio (NPR) from 3 to 8. For Mach 1.5 jet NPR 3 corresponds to 18 % adverse pressure gradient and NPR 8 corresponds to 118 % favorable pressure gradient. The results of ventilated tabs are compared with unventilated truncated triangular tabs of identical geometry. The difference between the mixing promoting efficiency of the unventilated and ventilated tabs is only marginal (around 5–6 %). All tabs cause jet bifurcation and weaken the waves in the jet core. The tab with trapezoidal ventilation, at NPR 3, promotes mixing to an extent of reducing the core to about 92 %. At higher NPRs the mixing caused by unventilated tab is slightly better than the ventilated tabs.
Synthesis and properties of 1,3-Bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-2-(trimethylstannyl)- 2,3-dihydro-1H-1,3,2-diazaborole
Authors: Schödel Frauke , Breunig Jens M. , Thiel Vasco , Bolte Michael , Wagner Matthias , Lerner Hans-Wolfram
Published: September 2017

The diazaborole Me3Sn–B{N(Dipp)CH}2 (1; B{N(Dipp)CH}2=N,N′-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-1,3,2-diazaborolyl) was prepared by the reaction of Me3SnCl with one equivalent of Li[B{N(Dipp)CH}2]. Single crystals of 1 were obtained from hexane (triclinic space group P1̅). The diazaborole 1 was mono-deprotonated at the heterocycle upon treatment with Li[Me] to give product 2. In contrast to Li[B{N(Dipp)CH}2] which reacted with P4 to give the tetraphosphenediide Li2[{HC(Dipp)N}2B–P(1)P(2)P(3)P(4)–B{N(Dipp)CH}2] (3; δ
P=364.5, –29.4; 1
J
P(2),P(3)=–509.8 Hz, 1
J
P(1),P(2)=–434.3 Hz, 2
J
P(1),P(3)=–3.7 Hz, 3
J
P(1),P(4)=178.9 Hz) and the triphosphenide Li[{HC(Dipp)N}2B–PPP–B{N(Dipp)CH}2] (δ
P=665.1, 175.4; 1
J
P,P=500 Hz), the stannyl derivative 1 did not activate white phosphorus. The reaction of 1 with GaCl3 yielded either Me2ClSn–B{N(Dipp)CH}2 (4) or MeCl2Sn–B{N(Dipp)CH}2 (5) depending on the molar ratio of the reactants. The monochlorinated diazaborole Me2ClSn–B{N(Dipp)CH}2 was also obtained by the reaction of 1 with AsCl3.
Contacts de langues sans limites ?
Authors: Jablonka Frank
Published: September 2017

The typology of language contacts is an important issue of contact linguistics. Different configurations of contact situations, such as of creoles, interlects between standard languages and dialects, or even the emergence of Romance languages have been tried to be explained by ecolinguistic parameters, such as the rapidity of evolution or geographical distance. Contemporary urban vernaculars, i.e. the contact variety spoken in French peripheral urban districts, and the postcolonial contact in Maghrebine Francophony with Arabic varieties can be joined to the list of specific contact cases. The notion of « limit » can be considered an essential category in contact typology, and it turns out that Juri Lotman’s semiotic approach can assign a specifically dynamizing function to the limits of language contacts. Under globalization conditions, even apparently very different outcomes of language contact can be explained by common underlying principles, even if we may accept the idea of a rupture in sociological terms.
Acerca del uso prehodiernal del pretérito perfecto compuesto resultativo en español
Authors: Azpiazu Susana , Kempas Ilpo
Published: September 2017

The article focuses on certain cases in which the use of the compound perfect (CP) of Peninsular Spanish presents problems of interpretation, or apparently contradicts the norms for the use of this form, i.e., the CP is used together with a prehodiernal expression of time (e.g.,
La forma verbal insisto: descripción sintáctica, semántica y pragmática
Authors: Schneider Stefan , Fuentes Rodríguez Catalina
Published: September 2017

The verb
El uso de las construcciones de adverbio locativo con pronombre posesivo en el español peninsular: un primer acercamiento diatópico
Authors: Salgado Hugo , Bouzouita Miriam
Published: September 2017

This diatopic study examines the characteristics of the locative adverb constructions that select possessive pronouns as complements in Peninsular Spanish oral corpora. Firstly, the range of locative adverbs that take part in this construction are scrutinised, as well as their frequency of use with respect to that of their counterparts, in which a prepositional phrase appears as a complement to the locative adverb. Secondly, the geographic spread within Spain and the diatopic differences between the various autonomous communities are discussed. Thirdly, this paper also explores the variation in use between the possessive affixes ‑
Per un atlante grammaticale della lingua italiana delle origini
Authors: Barbato Marcello
Published: September 2017

This article presents the project of an on-line atlas of Old Italian based on the corpus of the
Valence, Not Utility, Underlies Reward-Driven Prioritization in Human Vision
Authors: Barbaro Ludwig , Peelen Marius V. , Hickey Clayton
Published: September 2017

Objects associated with reward draw attention and evoke enhanced activity in visual cortex. What is the underlying mechanism? One possibility is that reward's impact on vision is mediated by unique circuitry that modulates sensory processing, selectively increasing the salience of reward-associated stimuli. Alternatively, effects of reward may be part of a more general mechanism that prioritizes the processing of any beneficial object, importantly including stimuli that are associated with the evasion of loss. Here, we test these competing hypotheses by having male and female humans detect naturalistic objects associated with monetary reward, the evasion of equivalent loss, or neither of these. If vision is economically normative, processing of objects associated with reward and evasion of loss should be prioritized relative to neutral stimuli. Results from fMRI and behavioral experiments show that this is not the case: whereas objects associated with reward were better detected and represented in ventral visual cortex, detection and representation of stimuli associated with the evasion of loss were degraded. Representations in parietal cortex reveal a notable exception to this pattern, showing enhanced encoding of both reward- and loss-associated stimuli. Experience-driven visual prioritization can thus be economically irrational, driven by valence rather than objective utility.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTNormative economic models propose that gain should have the same value as evasion of equivalent loss. Is human vision rational in this way? Objects associated with reward draw attention and are well represented in visual cortex. This is thought to have evolutionary origins, highlighting objects likely to provide benefit in the future. But benefit can be conferred not only through gain, but also through evasion of loss. Here we demonstrate that the visual system prioritizes real-world objects presented in images of natural scenes only when these objects have been associated with reward, not when they have provided the opportunity to evade financial loss. Visual selection is thus non-normative and economically irrational, driven by valence rather than objective utility.