bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Saberes geográficos e Geografia institucional: relações luso-brasileiras no século XX
Authors: Gaspar Silva Diogo
Published: September 2020

Resenha de livro, realizado no âmbito do convénio FCT/CAPES denominado «Saberes geográficos e Geografia institucional: influência e relações recíprocas entre Portugal e o Brasil no século XX» e que agregou académicos do Centro de Estudos Geográficos da Universidade de Lisboa, da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro e da Universidade Federal Fluminense.

 

OLIVEIRA, F. R.; PAIVA, D. Saberes geográficos e Geografia institucional: relações luso-brasileiras no século XX. Lisboa: Centro de Estudos Geográficos, 2019.
Economia de Franciso e Clara
Authors: Oss-Emmer Andrei Thomaz Costa , Oliveira Estela Ramos de Souza de , Nabozny Gabriela Consolaro , Elias Lilian de Pellegrini , Gomes Márcio Gasperini , Silva Tiago Arcego da
Published: September 2020

Fome coletiva, pobreza extrema, aumento das desigualdades, insegurança econômica, política e social, perda biodiversidade, acidificação dos oceanos, escassez de água segura, aquecimento global. Os desafios deste tempo estão postos à mesa e urgem por novos caminhos que sejam capazes de superar a lógica de exclusão social e severa degradação ambiental resultantes do modelo econômico atual. Debruçando-se sobre o chamado que faz o Papa Francisco aos jovens do mundo para repensar a economia do presente e projetar a economia do amanhã, o presente artigo tem como objetivo apresentar motivações e princípios que orientam a proposta feito pelo pontífice, denominada Economia de Francisco, assim como expor como as juventudes brasileiras estão dialogando com este chamado.
A Rapid and Specific HPLC Method to Determine Chemical and Radiochemical Purity of [68>Ga]Ga-DOTA-Pentixafor (PET) Tracer: Development and Validation
Authors: Migliari Silvia , Sammartano Antonino , Scarlattei Maura , Baldari Giorgio , Silva Claudia , Ruffini Livia
Published: September 2020

Background:

Due to its overexpression in a variety of tumor types, the chemokine receptor
4 (CXCR4) represents a highly relevant diagnostic and therapeutic target in nuclear oncology.
Recently, [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-Pentixafor has emerged as an excellent imaging agent for positron emission
tomography (PET) of CXCR4 expression in vivo.

:

Preparation conditions may influence the quality and in vivo behaviour of this tracer and no standard
procedure for the quality controls (QCs) is available.

Objective:

The developed analytical test method was validated because a specific monograph in
the Pharmacopoeia is not available for [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-Pentixafor.

Method:

A stepwise approach was used based on the quality by design (QbD) concept of the ICH
Q2 (R1) and Q8 (Pharmaceutical Development) guidelines in accordance with the regulations and
requirements of EANM, SNM, IAEA and WHO.

Results:

The purity and quality of the radiopharmaceutical obtained according to the proposed
method were found to be high enough to safely administrate it to patients. Excellent linearity was
found between 0.5 and 4 μg/mL, with a correlation coefficient (r2) for calibration curves being
equal to 0.999, the average coefficient of variation (CV%) < 2% and average bias% that did not deviate
more than 5% for all concentrations.

Conclusion:

This study developed a new rapid and simple HPLC method of analysis for the routine
QCs of [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-Pentixafor to guarantee the high quality of the finished product before
release.
Designing an Outer Membrane Protein (Omp-W) Based Vaccine for Immunization against Vibrio and Salmonella: An in silico Approach
Authors: Tehrani Sadra S. , Jahangiri Abolfazl , Taheri-Anganeh Mortaza , Maghsoudi Hossein , Khalili Saeed , Fana Saeed E. , Maniati Mahmood , Amani Jafar
Published: September 2020

Background:

Cholera triggered by Vibrio cholerae remains the main reason for
morbidity and mortality all over the world. In addition, salmonellosis is regarded as an infectious
disease that makes it essential for the identification and detection of Salmonella.
With a beta-barrel structure consisting of eight non-parallel beta strands, OmpW family is
widely distributed among gram-negative bacteria. Moreover, OmpW isolated from
S. typhimurium and Vibrio cholerae can be used in vaccine design.

Methods:

Topology prediction was determined. T-cell and B-cell epitopes were selected
from exposed areas, and sequence conservancy was evaluated. The remaining loops and
inaccessible residues were removed to prepare OmpW-1. High antigenicity peptides were
detected to replace inappropriate residues to obtain OmpW-2. Physicochemical properties
were assessed, and antigenicity, hydrophobicity, flexibility, and accessibility were compared
to the native Omp-W structure. Low score areas were removed from the designed
structure for preparing the OmpW-3. To construct OmpW-4, TTFrC was used as T-CD4+
cell-stimulating factor and CTB as adjuvant to the end of the C-terminal of this sequence,
which can increase the antigenicity and sequence density. The sequences were re-analyzed
to delete the unfavorable residues. Besides, the solubility of the mature OmpW and the designed
structure were predicted while overexpressed in E. coli.

Results:

The designed vaccine is a stable protein which has immune cells recognizing epitopes and is considered as an
antigen. The construct can be overexpressed in a E. coli.

Conclusion:

The multi-epitope vaccine is a suitable stimulator for immune system and would be a candidate for
experimental research. Recent patents describing numerous inventions related to the clinical facets of vaccine peptide
against human infectious disease.
Bone Tissue Properties after Lanthanum Zirconate Ceramics Implantation: Experimental Study
Authors: Izmodenova M. Yu. , Gilev M. V. , Ananyev M. V. , Zaytsev D. V. , Antropova I. P. , Farlenkov E. S. , Tropin E. S. , Volokitina E. A. , Kutepov S. M. , Yushkov B. G.
Published: September 2020

Background. The ceramic based on lanthanum zirconate is characterized by optimal mechanical characteristics, low corrosion potential and the absence of cytotoxicity. Thus, the possibility of its use as bone substituting material is currently studied. The purpose of the study was to determine the mechanical, morphological and x-ray spectral characteristics of bone tissue after implantation of ceramic material based on lanthanum zirconate. Materials and methods. The experiment was conducted on 27 female guinea pigs of a single line, divided into 3 groups of 9 animals each. In the main group (LZ), lanthanum zirconate rods were implanted. In the comparison group (b-TCP), fixation was performed with b-tricalcium phosphate rods. In the native control group (NC) no surgical procedures were performed. A fracture was created in distal metadiaphysis area of femur using open osteoclasia. Animals were hatched 4, 10, and 25 weeks after the start of the experiment. Bone tissue features were studied in the perifocal region. The following methods were used: uniaxial compression, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive x-ray microanalysis (EDxMA). The statistical analysis was performed using the Mann-Whitney test. Results. The architectonics of the newly formed bone in the LZ group appeared as a developed lacunar tubular network. The structural components of the extracellular matrix were oriented along the bone functional load vectors. The Ca/P ratio in the periimplant region of the bone in the LZ group was significantly higher than in the b-TCP and NC groups. This may indicate a high strength of the newly formed bone. Mechanical testing showed that the strength and performance of the system of “lanthanum zirconate – bone” under uniaxial compression exceeded the similar indicators in the b-TCP group. Conclusion. The synthesized new material based on lanthanum zirconate seems promising for use in traumatology and orthopedics. Although, additional studies are needed to optimize these implants integration into bone tissue.
Revision Hip Arthroplasty with Initially High Position of the Acetabular Component: What’s Special?
Authors: Tikhilov R. M. , Dzhavadov A. A. , Karpukhin A. S. , Vahramyan A. G. , Demyanova K. A. , Shubnyakov I. I.
Published: September 2020

Relevance. Total hip arthroplasty with a severe dysplasia refers to complex cases of joint replacement. One of the options for fixation of the acetabular component in this situation is to place the cup in the false acetabulum. Revisions in case of the acetabular component initial placement into the false acetabulum are highly complex. The purpose — to study the features of revision hip arthroplasty in the patients with dysplastic arthritis and loosening of the acetabular component initially placed in the false acetabulum. Materials and Methods. The clinical and functional results and complications were evaluated after 44 revisions performed by one surgical team from 2001 to 2019. How the position of vertical and horizontal centers of rotation of acetabular component after primary arthroplasty influenced the long-term survival of implants was analyzed. The degree of impact of the preoperative cranial displacement from the anatomical position of the femoral component center of rotation impact on surgical tactics was also investigated. Results. A combination of a highly porous cup with augment was used most frequently for acetabular component replacement (24 cases; 54.5%). Complications after the revision were detected in 6 (13.6%) patients. The values of the Oxford Hip Score, EQ-5D, VAS general health, and VAS pain depended on the postoperative position of the hip prosthesis center of rotation within 10 mm from the anatomical center. The odds ratio for the revision performed less than 10 years after the primary arthroplasty in the patients with a horizontal position of the center of rotation of 40 mm or more was equal to 14.571 (95% CI from 1.682 to 126.249; p = 0.011). The average value of the distal displacement of the center of rotation after the surgery was 32.0 mm (min-max 4.7 to 90.3 mm; Me 23.9 mm), the average residual displacement of the center of rotation after the surgery was 6.2 mm (min-max 10.8 to 32.1 mm; Me 4.75 mm). The standard approach was characterized by a lesser distal displacement of the center of rotation than various osteotomy options: 26.1 mm (min-max 4.7 to 77.2; Me 19.1 mm) vs 41.2 mm (min-max 10.8 to 90.3 mm; Me 36 mm), respectively (p = 0.021). A well-fixed stem preservation resulted in the mean distal displacement of the femur of 23.8 mm, the stem removed — of 35.0 mm. Conclusion. A horizontal center of rotation displacement of 40 mm or more affects the long-term survival of the implant. When the significant lowering of the femur is required (more than 30 mm) and a well-fixed femoral component is preserved, it is advisable to use the approach with extended trochanteric osteotomy or shortening femoral osteotomy. The acetabular component placement into the true acetabulum with weakened bone requires extended screw fixation. In this situation the use of individual 3D-printed implants has potential benefits.
Meta-analysis on the Relationship between Parenting Style and Personality of Chinese College Students
Authors: Yang Yaxin , Zhang Junhua , Zhang Yu , Xu Fang
Published: September 2020

There have been many studies on the relationship between parenting style and personality characteristics of college students, and there are many inconsistent conclusions on the direction and intensity of the correlation. In order to explore the relationship between parenting style and personality of college students in China, this systematic review and meta analysis included 12 studies with 4,984 college students. Results showed that: 1) Positive parenting style was significantly negatively correlated with neuroticism and positively correlated with extraversion; 2) Negative parenting style was significantly positively correlated with psychoticism and negatively correlated with neuroticism. Parenting style can significantly influence college students’ personality.
Research on the Effective Ways to Cultivate the Legal Risk Awareness of College Students’ Innovation
Authors: Mei Tian
Published: September 2020

In recent years, “mass entrepreneurship and innovation” have continued to advance, and innovation and entrepreneurship have been deeply integrated with economic and social development. College students’ innovation and entrepreneurship have received support from relevant national policies and systems. However, the market economy is an economy under the rule of law, and college students’ innovation and entrepreneurship will inevitably face various legal risks. The most effective measure to prevent legal risks is to enhance college students’ own resistance. Therefore, an innovation and entrepreneurship legal education system with “one main line and three combinations” should be constructed to effectively enhance the college students’ own legal risk awareness and prevention capabilities for innovation and entrepreneurship.
Elección de especialidad y actitud de médicos internos de pregrado hacia la Medicina Familiar
Authors: Joanico Morales Baltazar , Duran Patiño Ángel Giovani , Salgado Jiménez María de los Ángeles , Juanico Morales Guillermina , Leyva Leyva Gustavo
Published: September 2020

Objetivo: analizar la elección de especialidad y actitud de los médicos internos de pregrado (mip) hacia la Medicina Familiar (mf) después de cursar un nuevo modelo educativo con enfoque en el primer nivel de atención. Métodos: estudio transversal analítico realizado de diciembre de 2018 a febrero de 2019; participaron 141 mip del Hospital General Regional No.1 Vicente Guerrero del Instituto Mexicano de Seguro Social. Posterior a un año de que se implementara una nueva modalidad de internado médico enfocado al primer nivel, en el que se incrementó el tiempo de rotación por Medicina Familiar de dos a cuatro meses, se aplicó el Cuestionario de Actitud hacia la Medicina Familiar (camf) que explora la actitud hacia la mf, opinión de la rotación y su elección como especialidad y factores asociados. Se realizó análisis univariado y multivariado. Resultados: 98.6% presentó buena actitud hacia la mf (n=139), 34.5% la eligió como posible opción de especialidad (n=38), solo 3.5% la eligió como primera opción (n=5); la causa principal para elegirla es que brinda atención integral (22.6%, n=32) y para no elegirla es porque no les gusta (18.4%, n=26). La nueva rotación fue percibida como buena por 48 % (n=54); mediante análisis de regresión logística se encontró que al alumno que le gustó la rotación o prácticas por consulta de Medicina Familiar tiene 6.7 veces la probabilidad de seleccionar Medicina Familiar como opción de especialidad (ic 95%: 1.45-31.2). Conclusiones: a un año de la implementación del nuevo modelo con enfoque al primer nivel, la mayoría de los mip tienen buena actitud hacia la mf, sin embargo, no representa su primera elección como especialidad; las cualidades de la especialidad son los principales motivos para elegirla, el tiempo de internado no influyó su elección.
Salud familiar y nivel glucémico en mujeres durante el segundo y tercer trimestre de embarazo
Authors: Martínez Gómez Lourdes , Guerrero Morales Ana Laura , Herrera Olvera Imer Guillermo
Published: September 2020

Objetivo: analizar la salud familiar y el nivel glucémico en mujeres que cursan el segundo y tercer trimestre de embarazo. Métodos: estudio transversal analítico. Participaron 230 gestantes del segundo y tercer trimestre de la Unidad de Medicina Familiar (umf) No. 75 del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (imss), Estado de México. Se evaluó salud familiar en gestación mediante el cuestionario isf:ges-17 y el nivel glucémico mediante la glucosa capilar preprandial. Resultados: 45% (n=103) de las participantes mostraron buen nivel glucémico en el tercer trimestre y 22% (n=50) en el segundo trimestre, mientras que el mal nivel glucémico se reportó para el tercer trimestre con 19% (n=44) y en el segundo trimestre con 14% (n=33). Existió una asociación entre la salud familiar saludable y el buen nivel glucémico en 33% de las gestantes. Conclusiones: existió asociación entre salud familiar saludable y el buen nivel glucémico. Es importante implementar medidas para un apropiado entorno familiar, empoderando a la gestante en estilos de vida saludable y promoviendo evaluaciones oportunas del nivel glucémico.
Heat Treatment Reduces Bacterial Contamination of Medicinal Plants Grown in A Community Garden
Authors: Ramos Cleusa Fernandes , Soares Andreia Assuncao , Santos Isabela Carvalho dos , Ramos Felipe Andre Pereira , Alberton Odair , Otutumi Luciana Kazue , Barbosa Lidiane Nunes , Germano Ricardo de Melo , Goncalves Daniela Dib , Merlini Luiz Sergio
Published: September 2020

The verification of microorganisms that indicate contamination of medicinal plants cultivated in vegetable gardens is fundamental to contribute and improve the conditions and management of the garden, providing safer and healthier food for the consumer population. The study aims to evaluate the bacteriological quality of Cymbopogon citratus, Aloysia citriodora, Plectranthus barbalus, Aloe vera (L.) Burm. F., Sedum dendroideum, and Peumus boldus cultivated in community gardens. Six samples were randomly collected from each plant and sent to the Laboratory of Veterinary Preventive Medicine and Public Health at Universidade Paranaense-UNIPAR, for bacteriological analysis (aerobic mesophilic microorganisms, total coliforms and coliforms at 45ºC. The cold extract (room temperature) of the medicinal plants evaluated, the Plectranthus barbalus had the highest mean for aerobic mesophiles (1.26 CFU/g x 106) and the Cymbopogon citratus second highest mean for aerobic mesophiles (9.80 CFU/g x 105). In the coliform count at 45°C, the highest mean was found in the Aloysia citriodora (2.90 CFU/g x 103) and it presented the second lowest mean for coliforms at 45°C (0.63 CFU/g x 103) and was zero for total coliforms. Regarding the hot extract (95°C-100°C) of the medicinal plants evaluated, a significantly higher aerobic mesophiles count was found for Aloysia citriodora when compared with Aloe vera (L.) Burm. F., Sedum dendroideum and Peumus boldus, not differing statistically from Cymbopogon citratus and Plectranthus barbalus. It was found that medicinal plants are contaminated but, since they are indicated as teas (infusion), they are safe for their consumers because the risk of bacteriological contamination can be considerably eliminated or reduced due to the boiling process.
Antibacterial, Antibiofilm and Antioxidant Activities of some Medicinal Plants from Pharmacopoeia of Tassili N’ajjer
Authors: Benhelima Abdelkader , Vidal Olivier , Kaid-Omar Zohra , Sahki Rabea , Lacroix Jean-Marie
Published: September 2020

Three plants adopted by nomads at Tassili n’ajjer (south Algeria) in traditional medicine namely, Cymbopogon schoenanthus, Anabasis articulata and Salvia chudaei, were analysed for theirs antibacterial, antibiofilm and antioxidant properties. Total flavonoid and phenolic contents were measured with 2% AlCl3 and Folin-Ciocalteu’s reagent method, respectively. The antibacterial propertie was investigated by measurement of MIC of plants extract inhibing bacterial proliferation. The antibiofilm propertie was calculated by fluorescent quantization of the DAPI labeled bacterial biomass fixed on the surface and by COMSTAT analysis of confocal scanning laser microscopy (CSLM) images. DPPH radical scavenging and β-carotene/linoleate bleaching methods were used to determine the antioxidant activities of the plants. Total phenolic content was ranged from 21.98 to 2.51 (gallic acid equivalents mg/g methanolic extracts) and the total flavonoid content ranged from 19.27 to 1.65 (catechin equivalent mg/g methanolic extracts). Antibacterial activity against four Gram positive bacteria was shown with plants extracts. The biofilm inhibition concentration of extracts decreasing 50% of biofilm cell density (BIC50) for Salvia chudaei and Cymbopogon schoenanthus extracts ranges from 1 to 10 µg/mL. CSLM images analysis revealed that both surface covering by germ and three dimensional development of the biofilm were reduced with plants extracts. For antioxidant activities, the methanol extracts of the plants evaluated showed low antioxidant activity, with a IC50 between 1.94 and 6.16 mg/ml. Thus, Our systematic research showed that this three common plants of Sahara desert has diversified phytochemicals possessing satisfying extent of antimicrobial, antibiofilm and antioxidant activities.
Interaction of Folk Medicinal Plants with Levofloxacin against Escherichia Coli
Authors: Tayseer Isra , Azzam Hanan , Al-Karablieh Nehaya , Mayyas Amal , Aburjai Talal
Published: September 2020

The present study was conducted to assess the in vitro activities of folk medicinal plants in combination with levofloxacin against TG1 and mutant KAM3-1(∆acrB-∆tolC) Escherichia coli strains. Plants were chosen based on their traditional use in combination with antibiotics among laymen. Standard protocols were followed to examine the antimicrobial activity of plant extracts and levofloxacin against E. coli in term of their minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and to evaluate the plant extracts-levofloxacin interaction using checkerboard method. Among the twelve plants investigated, Thymus vulgaris, Zingiber officinale, Teucrium polium, Matricaria chamomilla and Curcuma longa had the best antimicrobial activities against E. coli strains with MIC values at 250 μg/ml. It is noteworthy to mention that other folk plants extracts reveled no effects against E coli strains. Furthermore, additive interactions were observed between levofloxacin and T. polium or T. vulgaris against E. coli wild-type TG1 strain. There was no antagonism being observed in this study. The detection of additive interaction between the extracts and levofloxacin demonstrates the prospective of these folk medicinal plants as a source of compounds to modulate antibiotic resistance.
Detection of Heavy Metal Tolerance among different MLSB Resistance Phenotypes of Methicillin-Resistant S. aureus (MRSA)
Authors: Mohamed Sara H. , Elshahed Maram M.S. , Saied Yasmine M. , Mohamed Mahmoud S.M. , Osman Gamal H.
Published: September 2020

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains are widespread globally. Besides their virulence factors, the co-occurrence of antimicrobial and metal resistance has been reported. This study was designed to evaluate the antibiotic resistance and resistance phenotypes, investigate the occurrence of virulence factors, and detect heavy metal tolerance among MRSA strains. Antibiogram profiling was done as recommended by CLSI instructions. Resistance phenotypes were detected by D test, followed by characterization of enzymatic activities and biofilm formation assay. Antibacterial activity of different heavy metals was tested, and predictable synergistic assay was performed. Among MRSA strains collected, high resistance to ampicillin and amoxicillin/clavulanate (100%) and high susceptibility to clindamycin (70%) were obtained. Resistance phenotypes were detected as S, constitutive MLSB, inducible MLSB, and MS by percentages of 10%, 30%, 30% and 30% respectively. Virulence factors like lipolytic (50%) and hemolytic (70%) activity, and biofilm formation ability (100%) were detected. High resistance towards potassium and magnesium was observed. MTC of 500 ppm was detected for all isolates in case of cobalt and iron. In case of zinc and copper, MTC was detected as 500 ppm except for one isolate which was highly resistant, and 500 ppm for all isolates except for two isolates which were highly sensitive respectively. Magnesium in different concentrations (500 and 2000 ppm) showed synergistic activity with erythromycin and clindamycin. Results reveal high heavy metal tolerance among antibiotic resistant MRSA strains, in addition to the presence of virulence factors. Upcoming studies must be focused on the combination of sub-inhibitory concentration of different heavy metals with the available antibiotics.
Pengaruh Current Ratio (Cr) dan Debt To Equity Ratio Terhadap Return On Equity pada PT. Indah Kiat Pulp & Paper, Tbk Periode 2012-2018
Authors: Sabrina Nina
Published: September 2020

The purpose of this study was to find out and give empirical study thru the effect of Current Ratio (CR) and Debt to Equity Ratio (DER) in la partially and simultaneously on the Return On Equity (ROE) at PTIndah Kiat Pulp &Paper, Tbk for the period 2012-2018. The research method uses secondary data in the form of financial statements of PT Indah Kiat Pulp & Paper, Tbk and data analysis using multiple linear regression, classic assumptions test which include the normality, multicollinearity, heteroscedasticity and Autocorrelation tests, with hypothesis tests. The results showed that the Current Ratio (CR) and Debt to Equity Ratio (DER) has simultaneous influenceto the Return On Equity meanwhile each of Current Ratio and Debt to Equity Ratio has no influence to the Return On Equity.
Persepsi Masyarakat Sekitar Terhadap Corporate Social Responsibility Berlandaskan Konsep Tri Hita Karana Pada The Kayon Resort Ubud
Authors: Yanti Ni Kadek Eva , Intan Saputra Rini I Gusti Ayu , Damayanti Ni Nyoman Sri Rahayu , Utami Ni Made Satya
Published: September 2020

This study aims to describe the implementation of Corpotare Social Responsibility and community perceptions based on the Tri Hita Karana concept at The Kayon Resort Ubud, which is measured based on the Pawongan, Palemahan, and Parahyangan variables. This research was conducted at The Kayon Resort Ubud. The number of samples used in this study were 100 people as respondents. Data collection was carried out by distributing questionnaires and interviews. Data analysis in this study uses qualitative data analysis techniques and quantitative data using a combination method (mix method). The results of this study indicate that the implementation of Corpotare Social Responsibility and community perceptions based on the Tri Hita Karana concept at The Kayon Resort Ubud are assessed based on Pawongan, Palemahan, and Parahyangan variables that have been done well. Based on the results of the analysis, The Kayon Resort Ubud hotel must maintain and enhance the Corporate Social Responsibility program based on the Tri Hita Karana concept optimally.
A PIRATARIA MARÍTIMA ENQUANTO AMEAÇA ECONÔMICA INTERNACIONAL E SUA POSSIVEL CARACTERIZAÇÃO COMO AVARIA GROSSA
THE MARITIME PIRACY AS AN INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC THREAT AND ITS POSSIBLE CHARACTERIZATION AS GROSS AVERAGE
Authors: Campos Ingrid Zanella Andrade , Cantarelli Margarida de Oliveira
Published: September 2020

A pirataria enquanto prática proibida internacionalmente representa um risco à segurança da navegação, com consequências diretas nos custos do tráfego marítimo. Inclusive, pois, no Brasil não há norma específica que trate da pirataria marítima, desta forma, esses atos podem ser considerados como atos ilícitos internos, com tipificação no Código Penal, e até como avaria grossa, de acordo com o Código Comercial Brasileiro.  O problema principal deste trabalho é a possibilidade de caracterização da pirataria enquanto avaria grossa, bem como a definição dos impactos no mercado da prática da pirataria. Portanto, caso considerada como uma causa de avaria grossa, seria possível envolver a responsabilidade de todos os atores da navegação, como navio, carga e frete, com repercussão econômica nos contratos marítimos e relações privadas. O artigo foi elaborado seguindo o método dedutivo, partindo-se das premissas até a conclusão. A constatação da veracidade das premissas permite atestar, pelos encadeamentos lógicos realizados com argumentos condicionais, a verdade da conclusão. Desta forma, os atos praticados em decorrência de pirataria podem ser caracterizados como avaria grossa, considerando que haverá sacrifício e/ou despesa extraordinários, de forma intencional e razoavelmente efetuado ou incorrido para a segurança comum, com o propósito de preservar de perigo a propriedade envolvida em uma aventura marítima comum.
INFÂNCIA E ADOLESCÊNCIA POBRES NO BRASIL SOB A ÓTICA DA APOROFOBIA
POOR CHILDHOOD AND ADOLESCENCE IN BRAZIL FROM THE APOROPHOBIA PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Zeifert Anna Paula Bagetti , Paplowski Schirley Kamile
Published: September 2020

O curioso paradoxo do tempo também reflete os olhares na ciência jurídica, e alguns fenômenos, que aparentam ser recentes, encontram história longa no país. Nesse passo, observa-se como o passado influencia no presente e no futuro, havendo muito do tempo pretérito se (re)fazendo novo na conjuntura brasileira. Dito isso, esta pesquisa investiga a incidência do fenômeno da aporofobia no Brasil, termo novo, mas com incidência histórica, o qual impacta na infância e na adolescência – fases humanas constitutivas do devir, na formação dos futuros adultos; ademais, discute o conceito de pobreza e os desafios da democracia que dependem da atuação no presente. Questiona como eliminar a privação e fomentar a inclusão social de crianças e adolescentes pobres no Brasil? Apresenta coma alternativa a necessidade de redução das desigualdades, da aporofobia e o fortalecimento do direito à educação. Para isso, perpassa por elementos básicos como a fobia antes descrita, a ideia de privação e de pobreza. Sua justificativa confunde-se com o objetivo, que é, pois, fortalecer a dignidade humana de tais grupos etários no país, fomentar o respeito aos direitos humanos e proteger o regime democrático. Para tanto, o estudo possui o método de abordagem hipotético-dedutivo, com técnica de pesquisa exploratória.
ABANDONO AFETIVO DO IDOSO: UMA ANÁLISE DA JURISPRUDÊNCIA DO TRIBUNAL DE JUSTIÇA DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL

Authors: Taroco Lara Santos Zangerolame , Penha Paulo da
Published: September 2020

O presente artigo analisa como o Tribunal de Justiça do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (TJ-RS) decidiu os casos de abandono afetivo do idoso. Trata-se de pesquisa de jurisprudência, baseada no método dedutivo de abordagem, tendo utilizado também o método comparativo para analisar os julgados levantados, que compreenderam os anos de 2005 a 2018. Os contornos jurídicos do abandono afetivo foram traçados, com base na revisão bibliográfica sobre o tema e a partir da definição presente em dois dos principais julgados do Superior Tribunal de Justiça (STJ). Os onzes julgados coletados foram analisados individualmente, a partir de critérios específicos, com vistas a verificar como o TJ-RS vem decidindo os casos de abandono afetivo de idoso.
CAPACIDADES ESTATAIS E POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS: O PAPEL DA CAPACIDADE POLÍTICO-RELACIONAL NO DESENVOLVIMENTO DO PRONAF
Authors: Benatti Gabriela Solidario de Souza , Buainain Antônio Márcio
Published: September 2020

A abordagem das capacidades estatais refere-se aos instrumentos, às aptidões e aos complexos arranjos institucionais de que dispõe o Estado para realizar iniciativas em prol do desenvolvimento socioeconômico. Essa abordagem, que contribui para análises relacionadas à formulação, à implementação e ao desenvolvimento de políticas públicas, ainda foi pouco utilizada para os estudos relacionados ao desenvolvimento rural no Brasil. Este trabalho se concentra na capacidade político-relacional: a habilidade do Estado em criar e expandir canais de conexão com os diversos atores de interesse da sociedade. Como uma das principais iniciativas voltadas ao desenvolvimento rural no Brasil, o Programa Nacional de Fortalecimento da Agricultura Familiar (Pronaf) será utilizado como experiência para verificação do desenvolvimento dessa capacidade desde sua criação, em 1996. A hipótese é a de que a capacidade político-relacional sempre esteve presente no desenvolvimento do Pronaf, motivando a criação do programa e exercendo influência em suas transformações. A metodologia utilizada envolve dois eixos: (i) revisão da bibliografia que trata das temáticas abordadas e (ii) entrevistas com especialistas. Assim, busca-se contribuir para a discussão inovadora sobre as capacidades estatais, bem como para a reflexão acerca do papel dos diferentes grupos de interesse da sociedade no desenvolvimento do Pronaf ao longo dos anos.
INOVAÇÃO NO SETOR PÚBLICO E A APLICAÇÃO DO PRONAF NO MUNICÍPIO DE CLARAVAL-MG
Authors: De Faria Rodolfo Borges , De Camargo Regina Aparecida Leite
Published: September 2020

Ao longo dos seus 25 anos de existência, o Programa Nacional de Fortalecimento da Agricultura Familiar (Pronaf) foi o instrumento chave de acesso ao crédito rural para agricultores familiares até então alijados do processo de modernização da agricultura brasileira. À luz da teoria da inovação no setor público, o Programa pode ser considerado um indutor de inovação pelo conteúdo do serviço entregue aos seus beneficiários e pela participação de novos atores, ou seja, ampliação do público atingido pela política de crédito rural. A partir de um estudo de caso, e com base na teoria da inovação no setor público, o trabalho averiguou se o Programa foi indutor de mudanças na agricultura familiar do município de Claraval – MG. Como fontes secundárias de informação foram utilizados os dados do Censo Agropecuário de 2017 e do site IBGE Cidades. Para a pesquisa de campo foram realizadas, em 2019, entrevistas com produtores, técnicos e a responsável pela carteira de crédito do Banco do Brasil, que serviram de fonte para a investigação do fenômeno estudado e análise qualitativa dos dados. Os resultados apontaram para a importância da extensão rural para o fortalecimento da agricultura familiar do município, através do trabalho da Empresa de Assistência Técnica e Extensão Rural do Estado de Minas Gerais (Emater-MG), sendo essa instituição a principal disseminadora de inovações que levaram à transformações no contexto da agricultura familiar do município. O crédito do PRONAF mostrou-se uma importante fonte de recursos para a agricultura familiar, mas não decisivo para as inovações registradas.
Modeling an effective method to utilize secondary energy resources of a combined cycle gas turbine based on the CCGT-420T
Authors: Antipov Yuri A. , Shatalov Ivan K. , Shkarin Kirill V. , Barybina Anna S. , Ogneva Yana A. , Morozov Pavel D.
Published: September 2020

Nowadays, improving the efficiency of power plants by utilizing secondary energy resources is gaining more attention in the energy sector. In this paper, the combined cycle gas turbine (CCGT-420T) was considered, where exhaust heat from the main and auxiliary equipment is utilized, and sent to a water supply system through a closed-circuit heat exchanger, as a result, the heat transferred ( Q 6.4 MW) is rejected into the environment through a cooling tower. Moreover, an effective modelling method for utilizing heat in a closed cycle, using a steam compressing heat pump unit (HPU) is proposed. In addition, a calculation of the effectiveness of utilizing secondary energy resources depending on the number of HPU stages. In addition, the calculation of the effectiveness of the use of secondary energy resources depending on the number of stages of HPU was carried out. Several options of the model were discussed in this work, such as, two-, three-, and four-stage HPU and the coefficient of performance was calculated. Moreover, the work of these compressors for each option of the model was discussed in this work. Finally, the economic benefits of using of a multi-stage HPU instead of a traditional one-stage HPU during the annual operation of the CCGT-420T was discussed.
Development of inter-municipal cooperation as a factor in the intensification of investment processes in a region (on the example of the Vologda region)
Authors: Moskvina Olga S. , Nespanova Irina V.
Published: September 2020

Currently, the heterogeneity of economic space, relatively low development rates and negative trends in the socio-economic development of individual territories, and limited resource opportunities (including investment opportunities) are among the significant problems of municipalities. One of the mechanisms for solving them at the level of local government bodies is the institution of inter-municipal cooperation. The aim of the paper is to analyze the possibilities of territorial and sectoral inter-municipal cooperation aimed at overcoming the negative imbalances of the region's investment development (based on a case study of the Vologda region). The methods of cluster analysis and time series analysis were used, as well as tabular and graphic methods for the visual representation of the study results, the application packages MS Excel and STATISTICA. The paper examines the main trends in the development of inter-municipal cooperation processes in the Russian economy, identifies the specifics of the interaction of municipal entities in the Vologda region, and presents a territorial and sectoral approach to the development of different forms of cooperation based on the example of the Vologda region. The obtained results can be used by regional and local authorities in the development of investment policy, the formation of a system of organizational and economic mechanisms for the intensification of investment processes in the region. The study materials presented in the paper may be interesting for scientific discussion, for use in scientific and educational activities.
Review of the material and technical potential of organizations engaged in research and development
Authors: Lebedeva Daria V.
Published: September 2020

Realizing nations innovative potential is essential for their economic development and global competitiveness. The purpose of this article is to analyze the material and technical potential of the research and development sector. Organizations material and technical security is one of the main elements of effective innovation. According to official statistics, Russian Federation assets are characterized by a high degree of wear, low insertion and disposal that undermines economic growth. This article analyzes international financial reporting standards for accounting and depreciation of fixed assets, and identifies ways to improve research and development logistics in the Russian Federation.
Challenges of digitalization and artificial intelligence for modern economies, societies and management
Authors: Clauberg Rolf
Published: September 2020

This study aims at identifying the challenges of digitalization and artificial intelligence for modern economies, societies and business administration. The implementation of digitalization schemes as Industry 4.0 are presently official policy of many developed countries. The goal is optimization of production processes and supply chains. Artificial intelligence is also affecting many fields. Both technologies are expected to substantially change working conditions for many people. It is important to identify the kind and impact of these changes and possible means to minimize negative effects. For this purpose, this study uses previous results about the disappearance of manufacturing jobs in the USA and their impact on different groups of society together with technical information about the new technologies to deduce expected changes caused by digitalization and artificial intelligence. Results are that both technologies will destroy large numbers of jobs and complete job classes while at the same time creating new jobs very different from the ones destroyed. Extensive permanent education and re-education of employees will be necessary to minimize negative effects, probably even changes to a more broad-based education to improve the potential of job changes into completely new fields. In addition, the technical information about digitalization in cyber-physical systems points to dangers that will require solutions on the international level.
Justification of necessity and analysis of state support of agroindustrial complex in the Russian Federation
Authors: Karavdin Andrey A.
Published: September 2020

Issues related to state support of the agro-industrial complex are relevant for all countries of the world, including the Russian Federation. The article deals with the key problems of the agro-industrial complex, which are mainly caused by the features of agriculture. The necessity of state support for the agro-industrial complex of Russia on the basis of the identified problems is substantiated. The article analyzes the directions and measures of state support in Russia, the differences between the stated goals in the state program for the development of the agro-industrial complex and the results in practice. The lack of a comprehensive approach to solving existing problems and proper control over the implementation of the state program, ill-considered and insufficient funding of individual programs, lobbying by large agricultural holdings of their interests and the monopolization of agricultural production do not allow to rely on the development of small agribusiness and rural areas.
Korelasi Genotip-Fenotip Pasien Talasemia Beta Di Kota Samarinda Kalimantan Timur Tahun 2019
Authors: Susanto Zaenal Adi , Siswandari Wahyu , Rujito Lantip
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Thalassemia is a genetic blood disorder that is autosomal recessive and is quite common throughout the world. This study aims to determine the relationship of Hemoglobin beta (HBB) gene mutations types with clinical levels and hematological in the subjects of 31 thalassemia-beta patients in Samarinda City. Blood samples were taken from patients to obtain their DNA then amplified them with the Polymerase Chain Reaction and direct sequencing techniques to analyze the hemoglobin-beta gene mutation. Javanese ethnics is the most dominant in this study (64.5%) and the most common clinical levels is the moderate category (77.4%). The mean MCV and MCH values were 72±5,5 fL and 24±3,3 pg. DNA analysis found 8 types of mutant alleles including 48.4% of Cd26 / HbE (GAG>AAG), 14.5% of IVS-1-5 (G>C) 12.9% of IVS-1-2 (T>C, ,8.1% of Cd35 (-C) , 6.5% of IVS-1-1 (G>T) 3.2% of Cd30 (AGG>ACG) , Cd60 (GTG>GAG) and Cd2 (CAT>CAC ) are 1.6% each. This study found mutations that had not been previously reported in Indonesia, namely Cd60 (GTG>GAG) and Cd2 (CAT>CAC). Spearman rank statistical tests show there is no significant relationship between the two studied variables.

Keyword: Beta-thalassemia mutation, Clinical levels, Hematological

Abstrak

Talasemia merupakan salah satu kelainan darah genetik yang bersifat autosomal resesif dan cukup banyak ditemui di seluruh dunia. Diperkirakan 3-10 persen masyarakat Indonesia adalah pembawa sifat talasemia dengan berbagai macam latar belakang etnik. Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan jenis mutasi gen hemoglobin beta (HBB) dengan derajat klinis dan pemeriksaan darah pada 31 pasien talasemia-beta di Kota Samarinda Provinsi Kalimantan Timur pada bulan Mei tahun 2019. Sampel darah pasien diambil untuk memperoleh DNA kemudian dilakukan amplifikasi dengan Polymerase Chain Reaction dan dilakukan teknik direct sekuensing untuk menganalisis mutasi gen hemoglobin-beta. Etnik Jawa merupakan yang dominan dalam penelitian ini (64,5%) dan derajat klinis paling umum adalah kategori sedang (77,4%). Rerata nilai MCV dan MCH masing-masing adalah 72±5,5 fL dan 24±3,3 pg. Analisa DNA didapatkan 8 jenis alel mutan yaitu Cd26/HbE (GAG>AAG) 48,4% selanjutnya IVS-1-5 (G>C) 14,5%, IVS-1-2 (T>C) 12,9%, Cd35 (-C) 8,1%, IVS-1-1 (G>T) 6,5%, Cd30 (AGG>ACG) 3,2%, Cd60 (GTG>GAG) dan Cd2 (CAT>CAC) masing-masing 1,6%. Studi ini menemukan mutasi yang belum dilaporkan pada penelitian sebelumnya di Indonesia yaitu Cd60 (GTG>GAG) dan Cd2 (CAT>CAC). Uji statistik spearman rank menunjukkan tidak terdapat hubungan bermakna antara ke dua variabel yang diteliti.

Kata kunci: Mutasi talasemia beta, Derajat klinis, Hematologis
Evaluasi Keunggulan Tes Cepat Molekuler dengan Xpert MTB/ RIF Dibanding dengan Uji Mikroskopis dalam Mendiagnosis Tuberkulosis di Indonesia Tahun 2018
Authors: Simarmata Oster Suriani , Lolong Dina Bisara
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a severe health issue worldwide which is one of the death leading causes, particularly in developing countries including Indonesia. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the superiority of the molecular diagnostic test with Xpert MTB/RIF compared to the microscopic test in 44 health facilities in Indonesia in 2018. The results revealed that the Xpert MTB/RIF test could detect 31,9% positive TB from 33,630 suspected cases. The Xpert MTB/RIF were also able to detect 16.7% positive samples from 5.491 samples which were previously negative tested by microscopic technique. The positive TB was dominated by the male in the age group of 15 to 54 years. Moreover, Xpert MTB/RIF test could examine the not-sputum samples of 0.16% (52 of 33,630 samples), which 9 samples of them were positive TB (17.3%). These positive TB samples were derived from gastric fluid (77.8%), pleural fluid (11.1%), and lymph node aspiration (11.1%), which majority were from children under 15 years old. This study concluded that the superiority of TCM test included its sensitivity to detect positive TB in resistant rifampicin cases, to identify the existence of MTB resistant to rifampicin drugs simultaneously and to detect the MTB with the non-sputum samples.

Keywords: evaluation, TB, Xpert MTB/RIF test

Abstrak

Tuberkulosis (TB) masih merupakan masalah kesehatan global yang serius dan penyebab utama kematian di seluruh dunia terutama di negara berkembang termasuk Indonesia. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengevaluasi keunggulan pemeriksaan diagnostik Tes Cepat Molekuler (TCM) Xpert MTB/RIF dibanding dengan pemeriksaan mikroskopis di 44 fasilitas kesehatan di Indonesia tahun 2018. Hasil pemeriksaan TCM dengan Xpert MTB/RIF dari 33.630 terduga TB terdapat TB positif sebesar 31,9%. Pemeriksaan mikroskopis dengan hasil negatif sebanyak 5.491 terduga TB yang juga diperiksa TCM dengan Xpert MTB/RIF terdapat hasil TB positif sebesar 16,7%. Hasil TB positif tersebut didominasi kelompok umur 15-54 tahun dan laki-laki. Pemeriksaan TCM ini juga mampu memeriksa spesimen bukan sputum sebesar 0,16% dan hasilnya 9 di antaranya adalah TB positif (17,3%). Spesimen TB positif ini berasal dari bilasan/ aspirasi cairan lambung 77,8% (7 dari 9 spesimen), cairan pleura 11,1% (1 dari 9 spesimen) dan aspirasi limfonodus 11,1% (1 dari 9 spesimen). Dilihat dari kelompok umur lebih dari separuh spesimen bukan sputum ini berasal dari anak <15 tahun. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa TCM dengan Xpert MTB/RIF lebih unggul daripada pemeriksaan mikroskopis karena sensitivitasnya pada rifampisin sensitif maupun resisten, mampu mengidentifikasi keberadaan MTB yang resisten obat rifampisin secara bersamaan serta sampel bukan-sputum.

Kata kunci: Evaluasi, TB, Tes Cepat Molekuler dengan Xpert MTB/RIF