bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
"¿Qué Dios es ese que adoras?": The Construction of Spectatorship in Sor Juana's Loa for The Divine Narcissus
Authors: Balsa Miguel A.
Published: February 2012

In principle, this loa 's simple plot, the perfect symmetry of its characters, and its religious and political orthodoxy leave little room for the audience's agency or imagination. However, a closer examination reveals that, far from offering the kind of straightforward views and statements that one might expect from a work of such apparent simplicity, formal and conceptual elements are interwoven so as to elicit multiple, simultaneous, and conflicting readings. Simply put, the loa is designed to elicit questions, rather than to offer answers. Such questions, in turn, point towards a central position —the reader's or spectator's—around which the entire play gravitates. And yet, this center is constructed on such terms that it becomes a vanishing point: a presence as well as an absence, an inside and an outside, a constituting and a constituted gaze.
La narración como situación enunciativa y el predominio del êthos en Antígona de José Watanabe y el Grupo Yuyachkani
Authors: Alonso Laura
Published: February 2012

The dialogue between two or more characters is generally considered the usual mode of enunciation of drama. From this perspective monologues and asides represent anomalies because of the direct contact created between the audience and the actors. Theorist Hans-Thies Lehmann considers narration and monologue two characteristics of the "postdramatic theatre." According to Lehmann, narration privileges presence rather than representation. This presence also emphasizes the communication with the public and the transmission of personal experience. On the other hand, the monologue has implications on the intra- and the extra-stage communication. In this article we explore how in the play Antigone (2000) by the poet José Watanabe and the Cultural Group Yuyachkani the replacement of the dialogue by a narrative monologue results in the predominance of the êthos , and how this form of narrative structure gives a new meaning to the ancient tragedy. (LA, Article in Spanish)
Albur, “naquiza”, camp y manierismo en el cabaret de Regina Orozco
Authors: Alzate Gastón A.
Published: February 2012

This essay analyses the work of Mexican cabaret artist Regina Orozco, focusing in particular on the incorporation of the operatic tradition in cabaret, the cultural dynamic of Mexican albur and the visual aesthetics of her performances. Her strategic use of the albur is seen as a way to subvert notions of gender and the female body. It is also related to her creative use of popular, regional and academic musical genres (e.g., opera and bel canto ). The mixture of elements of so-called high and low culture is discussed in connection with Carlos Monsiváis’s ideas regarding naquiza and lo naco , and also with regard to the artistic origins of mannerism and camp. This article explores several of Orozco’s cabaret shows such as Rosa Mexicano , Regina en el Diván , Regina en Celo sa , Los monólogos de la Regina , Boleros, boleritos y flores para Chava , and her video-performance Tlacoyo con Co-K Light . (GAA, article in Spanish)
Advance Directives, Preemptive Suicide and Emergency Medicine Decision Making
Authors: Heinrich Richard L. , Morgan Marshall T. , Rottman Steven J.
Published: February 2012

As the United States population ages, there is a growing group of aging, elderly, individuals who may consider "preemptive suicide"(Prado, 1998). Healthy aging patients who preemptively attempt to end their life by suicide and who have clearly expressed a desire not to have life -sustaining treatment present a clinical and public policy challenge. We describe the clinical, ethical, and medical-legal decision making issues that were raised in such a case that presented to an academic emergency department. We also review and evaluate a decision making process that emergency physicians confront when faced with such a challenging and unusual situation .
Thoughtwriting —in Poetry and Music
Authors: Walton Kendall
Published: February 2012

Speechwriters compose speeches for others to deliver; speechwritings are speeches composed for this purpose. By thoughtwriters I mean writers who compose texts for others to use in expressing their thoughts (feelings, attitudes). The texts thoughtwriters compose are thoughtwritings . Poets are often plausibly regarded as thoughtwriters, and their poems as thoughtwritings. Music and musicmaking can frequently be understood in an analogous way. This nicely explains much of what counts as the expressive qualities of poetry and music. It also suggests that narrators in poetry and personae in music are far less important than philosophers of literature and music have made them out to be.
A New Beginning?: Transnationalisms
Authors: Fluck Winfried
Published: February 2012

In recent years, debates about the theory and method of American studies have gone in a new direction called transnational American studies. This transnational project can be seen as a response to an impasse in the analysis of power effects that prior approaches in American studies had reached. Since the search for subject positions that would not yet be subject to the power effects of interpellation had already led to border regions and intercultural spaces, why not go beyond the border altogether into transnational spaces like the Southern hemisphere, the transatlantic world, the Pacific Rim or others? In this sense, transnational studies can indeed serve as a useful antidote to analyses of American society and culture based on the idea of American exceptionalism. However, to describe the potential of an interpretive perspective does not yet tell us for what purpose this potential is being used. This essay, therefore, focuses on the actual uses that are being made of a transnational perspective in current American studies. It identifies two major interpretive paradigms—aesthetic transnationalism and political transnationalism—and analyzes their underlying assumptions and characteristic narratives over a wide range of studies in the humanities and social sciences. In the final section, the political agenda of these approaches is discussed by focusing on the field's narratives about non-national and transnational forms of identity construction.
Context and the "Impossibility" Trope
Authors: Greetham David
Published: February 2012

Context has always been a major issue in textual scholarship, especially in determining whether a particular reading in a text is to be judged as "impossible" given the linguistic and cultural context in which it occurs. This "impossibility" trope, first enunciated by the "conservative" critic R. B. Mckerrow, is used as a template for discussing a wide array of examples in which the "inside" and "outside" of a text seem to be in conflict. These range from "Slutwalks" in India to our ability to "correct" faulty street signs to the diagnosis of autism to Peter Greenaway's audio-video installation of Veronese's Wedding at Cana at the 2009 Venice Biennale. Throughout, the Derridean metaphor of "invagination" provides a useful vehicle for the discussion.
Dempwolff Reinvented: A Review of Wolff (2010)
Authors: Blust Robert
Published: February 2012

This ambitious study, the result of over forty years of intermittent labor, essentially attempts to restart Austronesian comparative linguistics from the ground up. It rejects several key distinctions made by Dempwolff and accepted by virtually all subsequent scholars, and proposes a number of modifications to the phoneme inventory and word structure that reportedly are motivated at least in part by the author’s belief that Austronesian and Sino-Tibetan are branches of a larger language phylum. The body of the work contains sketches of the historical phonology of 37 languages reaching from Taiwan to Polynesia. These vary greatly in quality, accuracy, and relevance. The book concludes with a glossary of around 1,760 reconstructions, about 95 percent of which are drawn from Dempwolff or from Blust and Trussel’s more recent Austronesian Comparative Dictionary .
The First Fifty Years of Oceanic Linguistics
Authors: Grace George W. , Bender Byron W. , Lynch John
Published: February 2012

The three editors of this journal since it was founded in 1962 look back at how it has grown and changed, with an analysis of who has contributed and what has been contributed.
''Glad Animal Movements'': Motion in Wordsworth's ''Tintern Abbey'' and ''The Two-Part Prelude ''
Authors: Williams Nicholas
Published: February 2012

Wordsworth’s investment in a moving subject is well established, whether one is considering accounts of his own European rambles or his many portraits of people in motion. In his most famous developmental narrative in “Tintern Abbey,” however, he brackets and discards the “glad animal movements” of his earliest years. Erasmus Darwin’s Zoonomia , read by Wordsworth during the composition of Lyrical Ballads , provides a context for both the phrase “animal movements” and Wordsworth’s own thoughts about the meaning of motion. With his four-fold schema of animal motion, embracing perception, cognition, and bodily processes as well as voluntary motion, Darwin depicts an animal organism for which motion is definitive, providing the foundation for the later development of a stable subject and its will. Wordsworth, by contrast, often evacuates motion from the subject in order to create a stable viewer in dialectical relation to an environment experienced as a landscape prospect, as exemplified by two episodes in “The Two-Part Prelude .”
The Rockefeller University Hospital (1910–2010): Creating the Science of Medicine
Authors: Hirsch Jules
Published: February 2012

The year 2010 marked the centennial of the Rockefeller University Hospital, one of the great philanthropic achievements of 20th-century science. For 100 years, the Hospital played a central role in the development and growth of medical science by enabling physician-scientists to make intensive study of human biology and disease. With ingenuity and devotion, they greatly enriched clinical medicine as well as basic biological science. This account emphasizes the founding and first half-century of the Hospital as it became a germinal center for clinical investigation. The second half of the century saw rapid change in medicine and health care with vexing problems, many yet unsolved. This history should serve as a call to arms for maintaining the linkage of science and medicine, supporting patient-oriented research as a basic discipline of medicine.
Medical Professionalism and the Social Contract
Authors: Reid Lynette
Published: February 2012

Conceptions of professionalism in medicine draw on social contract theory; its strengths and weaknesses play out in how we reason about professionalism. The social contract metaphor may be a heuristic device prompting reflection on social responsibility, and as such is appealing: it encourages reasoning about privilege and responsibility, the broader context and consequences of action, and diverse perspectives on medical practice. However, when this metaphor is elevated to the status of a theory, it has well-known limits: the assumed subject position of contractors engenders blind spots about privilege, not critical reflection; its tendency to dress up the status quo in the trappings of a theoretical agreement may limit social negotiation; its attempted reconciliation of social obligation and self-interest fosters the view that ethics and self-interest should coincide; it sets up false expectations by identifying appearance and reality in morality; and its construal of prima facie duties as conditional misdirects ethical attention in particular situations from current needs to supposed past agreements or reciprocities. Using philosophical ideas as heuristic devices in medical ethics is inevitable, but we should be conscious of their limitations. When they limit the ethical scope of debate, we should seek new metaphors.
Psychopathology Divergent: Phenomenology and Empiricism
Authors: Mullen Richard
Published: February 2012

Abstract:
Two recent contributions to the psychopathology of psychosis are reviewed. They point to a divergence in psychopathology, between a symptom-based broadly empirical approach on the one hand, and a phenomenological approach with roots more in continental philosophy on the other. A discussion of delusions and of understandability illustrates how these two strands in psychopathology differ.
The Efficiency of Immigration and Integration Policies
Authors: Termote Marc
Published: February 2012

In this paper we present a brief comparative analysis of the various immigration and integration policies adopted over the last decades by the main countries of immigration. This analysis is conducted from the point of view of the efficiency of these policies, that is, by relating the objectives and the means of the various immigration policies to the results they produced. Besides possible political objectives, three main types of objectives may be considered: economic, demographic and humanitarian (family reunification and providing a shelter to refugees). The discussion on the means refers to the capacity to control the level and the structure of immigration flows, and therefore to the opportunity of adopting a system allowing for the selection of immigrants (quotas, point system). Reviewing the literature devoted to the economic and demographic consequences of immigration, one is led to the conclusion that these consequences are marginal. The assumptions on which most immigration policies are based, namely that immigration is beneficial to the economy and may solve the demographic problems of the receiving country, are not empirically validated. Immigration policies should focus on humanitarian objectives and on the integration of immigrants.
Mary Shelley's Mathilda and the Struggle for Female Narrative Subjectivity
Authors: Moore Melina
Published: February 2012

This article departs from the psychobiographical approach to Mary Shelley's dark incest novella Mathilda , engaging with recent feminist readings that interpret Shelley's heroine as a self-constructed actress who feigns passivity to gain empowerment. This interpretation of Mathilda as powerful actress instead of a helpless victim attempts to recuperate her as a positive figure of female agency. However, while Mathilda illuminates obstacles to female self-expression, it also critiques the ideology of a society that rewards contrivance and female passivity. Through readings of Mathilda's narrative voice and the individuals who threaten it, the article examines the heroine not as a biographical representation of Shelley, but as a carefully constructed character who allows us to discern the author's uneasiness about the sacrifices necessary to secure female narrative autonomy in her society.
Renoir and the Vichy Syndrome: This Land is Mine, Carola and Le Caporal épinglé
Authors: Davis Colin
Published: February 2012

This article discusses three works by Renoir which deal explicitly with the Second World War. The film This Land is Mine (1943) was made during the war primarily for an American audience. Whilst protesting against the German Occupation of France, it also paints a partially critical picture of French actions. Two later works, the play Carola (1957) and the film Le Caporal épinglé (1962), are equally ambiguous in their depiction of French behaviour and attitudes. At a time when, according to the historian Henry Rousso's analysis of the "Vichy syndrome," the French were repressing memories of disturbing aspects of the war, Renoir goes against the grain by showing the French in an unflattering light. Moreover, in criticizing the French during the Second World War these later works can also be seen as engaging in contemporary debates about the painful process of decolonization, in particular in relation to the Algerian War of Independence.
Aspects of Child Labor in Tonna's Helen Fleetwood
Authors: Benziman Galia
Published: February 2012

This article explores the unique role of Charlotte Elizabeth Tonna's Helen Fleetwood (1841), one of the first social-problem novels, in shaping the concerns and strategies of the genre. Writing at a moment of cultural change in the attitude toward children, Tonna's Blakean vision of child labor as diabolical allows her to offer a daring critique of social institutions. Yet her political vision is inconsistent: although she redeems the working-class child's point of view and rehumanizes this figure, Tonna's staging of child labor as originating in a metaphysical, divine plan leads her to construct children's suffering as a justifiable and even desirable ethos.
City Limits?: The Impact of Annexation on the Frequency of Municipal Incorporation in North Carolina
Authors: Smith Russell M.
Published: February 2012

Estudios realizados por investigadores urbanos han revelado que las nuevas ciudades (las incorporadas en la segunda mitad del siglo 20) son a menudo creadas para prestar servicios públicos, tienen ambiciones sociales y/o económicas excluyentes, o son desarrolladas como paraísos fiscales para los ricos. Del mismo modo, muchos de estos estudios también sugieren que las ciudades se incorporan para protegerse de la amenaza de anexión. Sin embargo, poca investigación cuantitativa se ha llevado a cabo para comprender la relación entre anexión e incorporación municipal. De hecho, Feiock y Carr (2001) afirman que los académicos han tendido a "divorciar intelectualmente" una forma de cambio de límites gubernamentales de otra. Un estudio que intentó examinar esta relación lo fue el estudio de Rigos y Spindler (1991). Su análisis sobre la incorporación municihpal a nivel estatal determinó que "el temor a la anexión inminente es uno de los estímulos más poderosos para la creación de nuevas ciudades" (Rigos y Spindler 1991, p 80). Este estudio se basará en trabajos anteriores, examinando la relación entre anexión e incorporación municipal a nivel de condado en Carolina del Norte.
Emerging Patterns of Growth and Change in the Southeast
Authors: Shultz Benjamin J.
Published: February 2012

Las investigaciones sobre el crecimiento y cambio económico en el Sur se han centrado tradicionalmente en la disparidad entre los barrios ricos y las zonas rurales empobrecidas. El enfocarse en la dualidad económica del Sur contrasta con el hecho de que la mayoría de los lugares son de clase media con niveles de vida que se aproximan a los del país en general. Esta investigación utiliza una técnica de agrupación de medias-k, e incorpora datos recientes para mostrar que una jerarquía de dos niveles en condados de clase media ha surgido junto con la tradicional dicotomía ricos / pobres, rural / suburbano.
“And it is, it is a glorious thing / To be a Pirate King!”: Adrian Johns, Piracy
Authors: Kranakis Eda
Published: February 2012

Adrian Johns’s study of intellectual property (IP) battles combines a cyclical view of history with a Kuhnian model of transformative paradigm shifts. He explores copyright and patents, focusing on publishing, telecommunications (radio, telephone, internet), and analog and digital media. Johns examines sites of struggle, contention, and negotiation—conceptual and geographical—that have defined the meaning and limits of IP since the early modern era. He relates changing IP trends to major cultural shifts and questions of political authority and state power. He shows that IP concepts and struggles have been rooted principally in commerce and capitalism, and that what constitutes “piracy” is ever contested and contestable. This review suggests the need for further research into the consequences of long-term accretion of IP rights. This accretion, combined with the growing complexity of knowledge and artifacts (computers and cell phones embody hundreds of patents), poses new challenges to the viability of patent systems.
The Perfect Solution: How Trans Fats Became the Healthy Replacement for Saturated Fats
Authors: Schleifer David
Published: February 2012

Trans fats became part of the American food system due to a complex interplay among activism, industrial technology, and nutritional science. Some manufacturers began using partially hydrogenated oils, which contain trans fats, in the early twentieth century. Medical authorities began framing saturated fats as unhealthy in the 1950s. In the 1980s, activist organizations, including the Center for Science in the Public Interest, condemned food corporations’ use of saturated fats and endorsed trans fats as an acceptable alternative. Nearly all targeted corporations responded by replacing saturated fats with trans fats, which fit easily into their existing products. Trans fats thus became the perfect solution to the political problem of saturated fats and to the technical problem of what to use in their place. Activists helped precipitate technological change, but by 1994, trans fats were no longer regarded as a solution. Instead, they became regarded as a new nutritional problem.
Untidy Borders: Eamonn Wall’s Negotiation of the American West
Authors: Maher Susan Naramore
Published: February 2012

Eamonn Wall’s developing oeuvre has won acclaim on both sides of the Atlantic, making his poetic explorations of Diaspora and dual home countries of interest to scholars of the American West. As Irish scholar Charles Fanning notes, in Wall “[t]here is no more perceptive and sensitive chronicler of the experience of migration” (“Review” 155). In a series of volumes, starting with Iron Mountain Road (1997), Wall has investigated the complications of passage, the tensions of boundaries, and the difficulties of adaptation to new landscapes in the American West, among other places. Wall’s alternating positions as émigré, traveler, dweller, and native son provide him with a unique perspective on the acts of leaving, becoming, and imagining. His is not a double but a multiple consciousness, and the spirit that animates his poems and prose is restive and unsettled. Patrick Hicks defines Wall’s cartographic imagination this way: “He has an intimate understanding of what it means to be neither here nor there, and his words pull us toward new places” (306). In his accumulated work, Wall rejects easy dichotomies and forced symmetries, embracing instead the untidy borders of a life unassimilated and partially translated.
Frontal Eye Field Neurons Assess Visual Stability Across Saccades
Authors: Crapse Trinity B. , Sommer Marc A.
Published: February 2012

The image on the retina may move because the eyes move, or because something in the visual scene moves. The brain is not fooled by this ambiguity. Even as we make saccades, we are able to detect whether visual objects remain stable or move. Here we test whether this ability to assess visual stability across saccades is present at the single-neuron level in the frontal eye field (FEF), an area that receives both visual input and information about imminent saccades. Our hypothesis was that neurons in the FEF report whether a visual stimulus remains stable or moves as a saccade is made. Monkeys made saccades in the presence of a visual stimulus outside of the receptive field. In some trials, the stimulus remained stable, but in other trials, it moved during the saccade. In every trial, the stimulus occupied the center of the receptive field after the saccade, thus evoking a reafferent visual response. We found that many FEF neurons signaled, in the strength and timing of their reafferent response, whether the stimulus had remained stable or moved. Reafferent responses were tuned for the amount of stimulus translation, and, in accordance with human psychophysics, tuning was better (more prevalent, stronger, and quicker) for stimuli that moved perpendicular, rather than parallel, to the saccade. Tuning was sometimes present as well for nonspatial transaccadic changes (in color, size, or both). Our results indicate that FEF neurons evaluate visual stability during saccades and may be general purpose detectors of transaccadic visual change.
Linking Pain and the Body: Neural Correlates of Visually Induced Analgesia
Authors: Longo Matthew R. , Iannetti Gian Domenico , Mancini Flavia , Driver Jon , Haggard Patrick
Published: February 2012

The visual context of seeing the body can reduce the experience of acute pain, producing a multisensory analgesia. Here we investigated the neural correlates of this “visually induced analgesia” using fMRI. We induced acute pain with an infrared laser while human participants looked either at their stimulated right hand or at another object. Behavioral results confirmed the expected analgesic effect of seeing the body, while fMRI results revealed an associated reduction of laser-induced activity in ipsilateral primary somatosensory cortex (SI) and contralateral operculoinsular cortex during the visual context of seeing the body. We further identified two known cortical networks activated by sensory stimulation: (1) a set of brain areas consistently activated by painful stimuli (the so-called “pain matrix”), and (2) an extensive set of posterior brain areas activated by the visual perception of the body (“visual body network”). Connectivity analyses via psychophysiological interactions revealed that the visual context of seeing the body increased effective connectivity (i.e., functional coupling) between posterior parietal nodes of the visual body network and the purported pain matrix. Increased connectivity with these posterior parietal nodes was seen for several pain-related regions, including somatosensory area SII, anterior and posterior insula, and anterior cingulate cortex. These findings suggest that visually induced analgesia does not involve an overall reduction of the cortical response elicited by laser stimulation, but is consequent to the interplay between the brain's pain network and a posterior network for body perception, resulting in modulation of the experience of pain.
Multifunctional Nanoprepregs Based on Aligned Carbon Nanotube Sheets
Authors: Wang Xin , Liu Wei , Jiang Qian , Harb Mohammad S. , Li Qingwen , Zhu Yuntian
Published: February 2012

The unique properties of carbon nanotubes (CNTs), such as high strength and stiffness, extremely large specific surface area, low density and high electrical and thermal conductivities, open up opportunities for a wide range of applications. This has led to widespread research on the synthesis of multiscale CNT-based polymeric composites transferring the properties from nanoscale to macroscale. Currently known conventional methods for producing CNT composites rely on dispersing short nanotubes in polymer matrices or infiltrating CNT “buckypaper” with resins. Unlike conventional methods, in this work, super-aligned long CNTs were directly drawn from the vertically aligned CNT arrays and assembled into high volume fraction (~60 vol%) composites. These critical structural features allowed the CNT composites to reach tensile strengths over 1.8 GPa and electrical conductivity ~700-800 S/cm. Thermoplastic and thermosetting polymers were utilized for the fabrication and the results were compared. Our observation suggests that the strengthening and conducting mechanism is derived from the synergistic effect of high degree of CNT alignment, long CNT length, high volume fraction and uniform distribution of CNTs in the polymer matrix produced by spray-winding.
A High-Modulus Electroactive Polymer Acting as a Robust Ionomer for Ionic Micro-Actuators
Authors: Hatipoglu Gokhan , Liu Yang , Zhao Ran , Yoonessi Mitra , Tigelaar Dean M. , Tadigadapa Srinivas , Zhang Q. M.
Published: February 2012

A high modulus, sulfonated polymer synthesized from one-to-one ratio 4,6-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-N, N-diphenyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-amine and 4,4′-biphenol with bis(4-fluorophenyl) sulfone (DPA-PS:BP) is exploited as an ionomer for micro-ionic actuators. A unique and attractive feature of the ionomer is that it can contain high amounts of ionic liquid (IL) as an electrolyte while maintaining a high elastic modulus (i.e 600 MPa for 150 wt% uptake), which is more than one order of magnitude higher than the state-of-the-art of ionomers with working electrolytes. Such a high modulus makes it possible for the ionomer to be fabricated into micro-actuators with high uptake of ILs and low operation voltage (< 4 V), in various free standing forms with ion milling techniques, which are attractive for MEMS applications. As an initial demonstration of a DPA-PS:BP based ionic micro-actuator, a cantilever (200 μm x 33 μm x 5 μm) is manufactured by Focused Ion Beam (FIB) and characterized. Under the voltage of 1.6 V, the bending actuator exhibits an intrinsic strain from the active ionomer of 1.1% and a corresponding blocking force of 27 μN.
A Prospective Study of the Factors Shaping Antibody Responses to the AS03-Adjuvanted Influenza A/H1N1 Vaccine in Cancer Outpatients
Authors: Hottinger Andreas F. , George Anne-Claude C. , Bel Michael , Favet Laurence , Combescure Christophe , Meier Sara , Grillet Stéphane , Posfay-Barbe Klara , Kaiser Laurent , Siegrist Claire-Anne , Dietrich Pierre-Yves ,   on behalf of the H1N1 Study Group
Published: February 2012

Purpose.

To identify the determinants of antibody responses to adjuvanted influenza A/H1N1/09 vaccines in a cohort of cancer outpatients.

Patients and Methods.

Patients with cancer and controls were enrolled in a prospective single-center field study. Two doses of AS03-adjuvanted pandemic influenza vaccine were administered to patients and one dose was administered to controls. Antibody responses were measured using hemagglutination inhibition and confirmed by microneutralization. Geometric mean titers (GMTs) and seroprotection rates (defined as GMTs ≥40) were compared.

Results.

Immunizations were safe and well tolerated in 197 cancer patients (lymphoma, 57; glioma, 26; lung or head and neck, 37; gastrointestinal, 41; breast, 36) and 138 controls. Similar seroprotection rates (82.3% versus 87%) and GMTs (336.9 versus 329.9) were achieved after two doses of adjuvanted vaccine in cancer patients and one dose in controls. Univariate analyses identified older age, prior immunization against seasonal influenza, lymphoma, CD4 count, active chemotherapy, and rituximab and steroid treatments as being associated with weaker antibody responses. However, only age and chemotherapy plus rituximab remained independent determinants of vaccine responses in multivariate analyses.

Conclusions.

Two doses of AS03-adjuvanted influenza vaccine elicited potent antibody responses in most cancer patients despite ongoing chemotherapy, with the exception of rituximab-induced B-cell depletion. Oncology patients treated in an outpatient setting benefit from preventive vaccination against influenza with adjuvanted vaccines.
A Composite Athletic Tape With Hyperelastic Material Properties Improves and Maintains Ankle Support During Exercise
Authors: Siegler Sorin , Marchetto Paul , Murphy Daniel J. , Gadikota Hemanth R.
Published: February 2012

Study Design

Controlled laboratory testing using a single-group, prospective, repeated-measures design.

Objectives

To compare the material properties of a hyperelastic athletic tape to a conventional tape and to compare the passive ankle support of these tapes before and after exercise.

Background

The near-linear material properties of conventional athletic tape may interfere with ankle motion, resulting in reduced athletic performance. Conventional athletic tape is also known to lose much of its initial support during exercise. It was assumed that a tape constructed of Kevlar fibers embedded in a silicon matrix would possess hyperelastic material properties that would improve ankle support.

Methods

A tensile testing machine was used to determine the tensile material properties of 11 samples of conventional and hyperelastic tape. The ankles of 11 young, healthy athletes were taped, one ankle with conventional tape and the other ankle with hyperelastic tape. The passive ankle support of each tape was measured with an instrumented linkage (the ankle flexibility tester) before and after 30 minutes of exercise.

Results

The composite tape had a significantly higher load to failure than the conventional tape. It had significantly lower initial stiffness and higher late stiffness than conventional tape, thus demonstrating highly hyperelastic behavior. The hyperelastic tape maintained a significantly higher portion of its support during the 30 minutes of exercise than the conventional tape.

Conclusions

Composite athletic tape with highly hyperelastic properties can be constructed and maintains a larger portion of its support during short-duration exercises (less than 30 minutes) than conventional athletic tape. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2011;41(12):961–968. doi:10.2519/jospt.2011.3476
Effects of Local Microwave Diathermy on Shoulder Pain and Function in Patients With Rotator Cuff Tendinopathy in Comparison to Subacromial Corticosteroid Injections: A Single-Blind Randomized Trial
Authors: Rabini Alessia , Piazzini Diana B. , Bertolini Carlo , Deriu Laura , Saccomanno Maristella F. , Santagada Domenico A. , Sgadari Antonio , Bernabei Roberto , Fabbriciani Carlo , Marzetti Emanuele , Milano Giuseppe
Published: February 2012

Study Design

Single-blind randomized clinical trial, with a follow-up of 24 weeks.

Objective

To determine the effects of hyperthermia via localized microwave diathermy on pain and disability in comparison to subacromial corticosteroid injections in patients with rotator cuff tendinopathy.

Background

Hyperthermia improves symptoms and function in several painful musculoskeletal disorders. However, the effects of microwave diathermy in rotator cuff tendinopathy have not yet been established.

Methods

Ninety-two patients with rotator cuff tendinopathy and pain lasting for at least 3 months were recruited from the outpatient clinic of the Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University Hospital, Rome, Italy. Participants were randomly allocated to either local microwave diathermy or subacromial corticosteroids. The primary outcome measure was the short form of the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand Questionnaire (QuickDASH). Secondary outcome measures were the Constant-Murley shoulder outcome score and a visual analog scale for pain assessment.

Results

At the end of treatment and at follow-up, both treatment groups experienced improvements in all outcome measures relative to baseline values. Changes over time in QuickDASH, Constant-Murley, and visual analog scale scores were not different between treatment arms.

Conclusion

In patients with rotator cuff tendinopathy, the effects of localized microwave diathermy on disability, shoulder function, and pain are equivalent to those elicited by subacromial corticosteroid injections.

Level of Evidence

Therapy, level 1b-.
2,3,5,4′- Tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glycoside Biosynthesis by Suspension Cells Cultures of Polygonum multiflorum Thunb and Production Enhancement by Methyl Jasmonate and Salicylic Acid
Authors: Shao Li , Zhao Shu-Jin , Cui Tang-Bing , Liu Zhong-Yu , Zhao Wei
Published: February 2012

Friable calli of Polygonum multiflorum Thunb have been induced in MS medium supplemented with 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA) and kinetin (KT). Suspension cultures were initiated from friable calli by inoculating calli in liquid MS medium in shake flasks in the dark and 25 °C on an orbital shaker at 100 rpm. The maximum dry weight (DW, 7.85 g/L) and 2,3,5,4′-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glycoside (THSG, 56.39 mg/L) of suspension cells was obtained in MS medium after 16 days culture. Both methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and salicylic acid (SA) could increase THSG production. The most appropriate concentration of MeJA was 100 μmol/L in MS medium, in which concentration THSG content reached the maximum value of 147.79 mg/L, which represented a 162.36% increase compared to that of the control (56.33 mg/L). The most appropriate concentration of SA was 125 μmol/L in MS medium, at which concentration THSG content reached its maximum value of 116.43 mg/L, a 106.69% increase compared to that of the control (56.33 mg/L).
Structure-Odor Relationships of α­Santalol Derivatives with Modified Side Chains
Authors: Hasegawa Toshio , Izumi Hiroaki , Tajima Yuji , Yamada Hideo
Published: February 2012

(Z)-α-Santalol, which has a unique woody odor, is a main constituent of sandalwood essential oil. We investigated the structure-odor relationship of (Z)-α-santalol and its derivatives, focusing on the relationship between the structure of the side chain and the odor of the compounds. Various α-santalol derivatives (aldehydes, formates, and acetates) were synthesized from (Z)- and (E)-α-santalol, which were prepared from (+)-3-bromocamphor through modifications of a reported synthetic route. The Z- and E-isomers of α-santalols have different double-bond configurations in the side chain. Analogues with saturated side chains were also prepared from the corresponding α-santalols, and the odors of the all the prepared compounds were evaluated. We found that the odors of the Z-isomers (woody) were similar to those of the corresponding saturated compounds, but clearly different from the odors of the corresponding E-isomers (odorless, fresh, or fatty). These results indicate that the relative configuration of the side chain with respect to the santalane frame plays an important role in the odor of α-santalol. E-configuration in the side chain eliminates the woody odor character of α-santalol and its examined derivatives, whereas the Z-configuration or saturation of the carbon side chain does not.
La tabletterie d'une insula d'Amiens antique (Somme), "Multiplex Gaumont" (ancien Garage Citroën)
Authors: Thuet Annick
Published: February 2012

Le site archéologique « Multiplex Gaumont » est localisé en périphérie est de l'antique Samarobriva, au cœur d'une insula à vocation artisanale, côtoyant une vaste zone de décharge. L'étude d'un lot conséquent de tabletterie, 218 éléments souvent découverts en contexte bien daté, permet de valoriser un instrumentum encore mal connu en Gaule du Nord.

Quelques traces d'une activité de tabletterie (22 éléments) révèlent une production d'épingles à cheveux à sommet simple, par débitage. Le domaine personnel, avec 73 épingles, domine ce lot, renforcé par les 41 pièces brisées du domaine divers. Les éléments de charnière (35 pièces) et les aiguilles (11 occurrences) complètent cet ensemble très homogène, où quelques pièces originales, épingle à tête féminine, pyxide, manche de rasoir en ivoire sortent du lot. La prédominance du type Béal AXX, 13 dans la catégorie des épingles semble confirmer la production et la diffusion de ce type au nord de la Seine dans un contexte assez bien défini désormais.
Le mobilier de type anglo-saxon entre le Ponthieu et la Basse Vallée de la Seine
Authors: Soulat Jean
Published: February 2012

Die Untersuchung der aus der Merowingerzeit stammenden angelsächsischen Funde im nördlichen Gallien hat es erlaubt an der Küste zwischen Nordsee und Ärmelkanal an die 213 Objekte zu inventarisieren. Diese mitunter fur das angelsächsische Volk sehr charakteristischen Funde geben Auskunft über den historischen Kontext zwischen dem Ende des 4. und dem Ende des 6. Jahrhunderts. Durch die Korrelation der typologischen und der geschichtlichen Untersuchung werden in dieser Universitätsstudie mehrere Hypothesen zur Herkunft dieser als angelsächsisch ausgewiesenen Funde herausgearbeitet. Die Region zwischen Ponthieu und der unteren Seine bildet einen der Pole dieser Fundkategorie. Darüber hinaus ist die Picardie in archäologischer Hinsicht besonders interessant, bietet sie doch zugleich die größte Anzahl von Funden angelsächsischen Typs und insbesondere das älteste Fundmaterial, beispielsweise das Material der Nekropole von Vron, das fur das Ende des 4. Jahrhunderts kennzeichnend ist.
L'étude des hypoplasies linéaires de l'émail et la caractérisation de l'élevage porcin au Moyen Âge sur les sites de Boves (Somme) et de Vincennes (Val-de-Marne)
Authors: Clavel Benoît , Sicard Sébastien
Published: February 2012

Pathologies which may appear on the bones or teeth of an animal are related to its health and its living conditions. A dental malformation known as linear enamel hypoplasia (LEH) is caused by temporary insufficiencies in the build-up of the enamel as the crown develops. This anomaly is characterised by the appearance of lines or ridges on the surface of the crown.

The study of these lines makes it possible to propose chronological models of periods of physiological stress occurring during the animal's development, and can often be related to a deterioration in diet.

The first results obtained from the castle sites of Boves (eighth century - fourteenth century) and Vincennes (fourteenth century) suggest that variations in the number and aspect of the lines observed on the teeth of pigs may be related to environmental conditions and livestock farming practices current between the eighth and the fourteenth centuries. Thanks to the observation of LEH occurrence, comparisons may be established between different sites, or different phases of one particular site. The possibility of comparing several periods on the same site also provides an opportunity to research the incidents or conditions in the livestock raising process that may have determined these variations.
EXISTENCE OF THE SOLUTION OF CLASSICAL SMOOTHING PROBLEMS WITH OBSTACLES AND WEIGHTS
Authors: Leetma Evely , Oja Peeter
Published: February 2012

We show that classical smoothing problems with obstacles and weights have always the solution. These problems are considered in quite general case, namely, we allow arbitrary dimension of variable and arbitrary degree in derivative part of functional to minimize. While the existence is proved without any assumption about the uniqueness of solution, some conditions assuring the uniqueness are also analyzed.
Influence of a Clinical Simulation Elective on Baccalaureate Nursing Student Clinical Confidence
Authors: Thomas Christine , Mackey Edward
Published: February 2012

The use of simulation in nursing is growing; however, its effect on students is not fully understood. The aim of this study was to determine whether a high-fidelity simulation course significantly changes students’ level of confidence, compared with a traditional clinical experience. The pilot study was a quasi-experimental, pretest–posttest design that compared group confidence scores at the beginning and end of the semester. The sample included 24 baccalaureate nursing students. Although the intervention group began significantly less confident in all four dimensions (
p
= 0.04 to 0.00), the intervention group had significant increases in confidence compared with the control group in all four dimensions: recognizing signs and symptoms (
p
= 0.00), assessing patient condition (
p
= 0.00), ability to intervene (
p
= 0.00), and evaluation of patients (
p
= 0.00). Clinical simulation experiences can increase student self-confidence. Further research is needed to investigate the most beneficial aspects of simulation.
Web 2.0 Visualization Tools to Stimulate Generative Learning
Authors: Banas Jennifer R. , Brown Carol A.
Published: February 2012

Twenty-first century learners’ learning experiences require vastly different instructional opportunities than the generation before. These electronically bred learners have become “wired” to learn best from and to prefer instructional activities that allow them to manipulate their learning environment. With this understanding, educators should respond with instructional practices that not only support learners’ fundamental and preferred learning behaviors but also provide environments that foster creative and critical thinking experiences. New Web 2.0 educational technologies can help educators to deliver rich instruction that is relevant, appropriate, and that affords a “playground” in which generative learning can take place. This chapter introduces readers to a category of interactive technology instruments called visualization tools and how these tools can be used to stimulate generative learning. Examples are provided and criticisms of text visualization tools are also carefully considered. Readers are challenged to explore new uses for and the impact of visualization tools.
Gender Symbolism and Technology Uptake
Authors: Nsibirano Ruth , Kabonesa Consolata , Madanda Aramanzan
Published: February 2012

The need to promote adoption of technology in general and Information and Communication Technologies, computers, and the internet in specific terms has increasingly become of interest. Observation is that while some potential users take on the innovation with much ease, others remain less enthusiastic, and some do not uptake at all. In addition, there are differences noted between male and female users. The reasons influencing the differences are not yet well explained but could be as a result of gender symbolism. The objective of this chapter is to review literature on gender symbolism and cite explanations supporting the influence of GS on differences in uptake.
Gender Gaps and Information and Communication Technology
Authors: Pande Rekha
Published: February 2012

The present chapter attempts to look at the digital divide and the constraints related to Information Technology, which women share by gender. Along with major subdivisions on region, ethnic group, class, and caste, a major digital divide based on gender is emerging in India. Poverty is the main constraint that many women face along with men, in addition to their lower status in Indian society. Women face challenges in pursuing education at all ages because of lack of time to attend school, familial and household duties, and socio-cultural norms that give a low priority to education. The gender gap, especially the gap between men and women and how they benefit from Information Technology, has widened, because women are less likely than men to receive technical education or be employed in technology intensive work. Globalization has further complicated this issue, leading to increasing feminization.
Cognitive Apprenticeship in an Online Research Lab for Graduate Students in Psychology
Authors: Cawthon Stephanie W. , Harris Alycia , Jones Robin
Published: February 2012

In this paper, the authors present a qualitative study of student perceptions of a cognitive apprenticeship in an Online Research Lab (Lab). The Lab’s purpose was to provide psychology graduate students in an online university with hands-on experience in the full trajectory of a research project. Interview data were analyzed using the four categories of the Cognitive Apprenticeship theoretical framework: Content, Method, Sequencing, and Sociology. When discussing their content of the course, students focused on the challenges of tasks that went beyond their previous coursework and knowledge of statistics. Methodologically, students focused on the multiple ways course members communicated with one another. The sequence of the course, both internally as a research project and externally as part of the graduate program, were both important aspects of the experience. From a sociological perspective, social loafing, or non-responsiveness from colleagues, had a negative impact. Instructors seeking to develop online research opportunities for students must consider multiple modes of communication, provide ongoing narratives of the study context, and encourage students to use each other as well as the instructor for support.