bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Geometric optimisation of an accurate cosine correcting optic fibre coupler for solar spectral measurement
Authors: Cahuantzi Roberto , Buckley Alastair
Published: September 2017

Making accurate and reliable measurements of solar irradiance is important for understanding performance in the photovoltaic energy sector. In this paper, we present design details and performance of a number of fibre optic couplers for use in irradiance measurement systems employing remote light sensors applicable for either spectrally resolved or broadband measurement. The angular and spectral characteristics of different coupler designs are characterised and compared with existing state-of-the-art commercial technology. The new coupler designs are fabricated from polytetrafluorethylene (PTFE) rods and operate through forward scattering of incident sunlight on the front surfaces of the structure into an optic fibre located in a cavity to the rear of the structure. The PTFE couplers exhibit up to 4.8% variation in scattered transmission intensity between 425 nm and 700 nm and show minimal specular reflection, making the designs accurate and reliable over the visible region. Through careful geometric optimization near perfect cosine dependence on the angular response of the coupler can be achieved. The PTFE designs represent a significant improvement over the state of the art with less than 0.01% error compared with ideal cosine response for angles of incidence up to 50°.
Oxygen migration in epitaxial CoFe/MgO/Co2MnSi magnetic tunnel junctions
Authors: McFadden Anthony P. , Brown-Heft Tobias , Pennachio Dan , Wilson Nathaniel S. , Logan John A. , Palmstrøm Chris J.
Published: September 2017

The effects of post-growth annealing in ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) on the temperature-dependent transport properties of single-crystal, full-Heusler CoFe/MgO/Co2MnSi magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) grown by molecular beam epitaxy have been correlated with in-situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) studies of the MgO/Co2MnSi interface. CoFe and MgO layers were grown on single-crystal Co2MnSi at room temperature and annealed post growth. The structures were found to be epitaxial and single-crystal before and after annealing as assessed by in-situ reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED). While annealing has little effect on RHEED patterns, post-growth annealing at temperatures as low as 200 °C has a dramatic effect on tunnel magnetoresistance and transport properties. XPS measurements conducted on MgO/Co2MnSi structures reveal the presence of interfacial Mn and Si oxides which form as a result of the e-beam deposition process used for MgO. Mn oxides are observed to be reduced upon UHV annealing with a corresponding migration of oxygen from the MgO/Co2MnSi interface into the MgO. In contrast to the case of Mn oxides, Si oxides were not significantly reduced following annealing at 300 °C. Transport measurements on fabricated MTJs show an increase in the tunneling magnetoresistance ratio and a significant alteration in the interfacial electronic structure with increasing annealing temperature. The changes observed in transport are interpreted to result from a reduction in interfacial oxides and a corresponding reduction in oxygen vacancy defect density in the MgO, consistent with XPS results.
Theory of the development of alternans in the heart during controlled diastolic interval pacing
Authors: Otani Niels F.
Published: September 2017

The beat-to-beat alternation in action potential durations (APDs) in the heart, called APD alternans, has been linked to the development of serious cardiac rhythm disorders, including ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation. The length of the period between action potentials, called the diastolic interval (DI), is a key dynamical variable in the standard theory of alternans development. Thus, methods that control the DI may be useful in preventing dangerous cardiac rhythms. In this study, we examine the dynamics of alternans during controlled-DI pacing using a series of single-cell and one-dimensional (1D) fiber models of alternans dynamics. We find that a model that combines a so-called memory model with a calcium cycling model can reasonably explain two key experimental results: the possibility of alternans during constant-DI pacing and the phase lag of APDs behind DIs during sinusoidal-DI pacing. We also find that these results can be replicated by incorporating the memory model into an amplitude equation description of a 1D fiber. The 1D fiber result is potentially concerning because it seems to suggest that constant-DI control of alternans can only be effective over only a limited region in space.
The impact of surface-roughness scattering on the low-field electron mobility in nano-scale Si MOSFETs
Authors: Kannan Gokula , Vasileska Dragica
Published: September 2017

A state-of-the-art simulator for the calculation of low-field mobility in inversion layers is presented in this work that accounts for the collisional broadening of the electronic states via the solution of the Dyson equation for the retarded Green's function. The self-consistent Born approximation is used for the calculation of the self-energy contributions due to Coulomb, surface-roughness, acoustic, and non-polar optical phonon scattering. The simulated mobility results for three generations of MOSFET devices are in agreement with the experimental data. At nanoscale dimensions, surface-roughness scattering dominates the collisional broadening of the states and the renormalization of the spectrum.
Scalable Nernst thermoelectric power using a coiled galfenol wire
Authors: Yang Zihao , Codecido Emilio A. , Marquez Jason , Zheng Yuanhua , Heremans Joseph P. , Myers Roberto C.
Published: September 2017

The Nernst thermopower usually is considered far too weak in most metals for waste heat recovery. However, its transverse orientation gives it an advantage over the Seebeck effect on non-flat surfaces. Here, we experimentally demonstrate the scalable generation of a Nernst voltage in an air-cooled metal wire coiled around a hot cylinder. In this geometry, a radial temperature gradient generates an azimuthal electric field in the coil. A Galfenol (Fe0.85Ga0.15) wire is wrapped around a cartridge heater, and the voltage drop across the wire is measured as a function of axial magnetic field. As expected, the Nernst voltage scales linearly with the length of the wire. Based on heat conduction and fluid dynamic equations, finite-element method is used to calculate the temperature gradient across the Galfenol wire and determine the Nernst coefficient. A giant Nernst coefficient of -2.6 μV/KT at room temperature is estimated, in agreement with measurements on bulk Galfenol. We expect that the giant Nernst effect in Galfenol arises from its magnetostriction, presumably through enhanced magnon-phonon coupling. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of a transverse thermoelectric generator capable of scalable output power from non-flat heat sources.
1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition of a Nitronyl Nitroxide-Substituted Alkyne to Heteroaromatic N-Imines
Authors: Romanov Vasiliy , Vorob'ev Aleksey , Bagryanskaya Irina , Parkhomenko Dmitriy , Tretyakov Evgeny
Published: September 2017

1,3-Dipolar cycloaddition of the triple bond in an ethynyl-substituted nitronyl nitroxide to heteroaromatic N-imines is described. The reaction opens a pathway to polyfunctional nitronyl nitroxides with pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridine or related substituents. According to X-ray diffraction analysis, dihedral angles between the plane of the paramagnetic moiety and heteroaromatic cycle do not exceed 24°. Reactions between Cu(hfac)2 (hfac = hexafluoroacetylacetonate ion) and a pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridine-substituted radical produced a polymer chain complex with a ‘head-to-tail’ motif resembling that in breathing crystals.
Greater Internet use is not associated with faster growth in political polarization among US demographic groups
Authors: Boxell Levi , Gentzkow Matthew , Shapiro Jesse M.
Published: September 2017

Significance

By many measures, Americans have become increasingly polarized in recent decades. We study the role of the Internet and social media in explaining this trend. We find that polarization has increased the most among the demographic groups least likely to use the Internet and social media, suggesting that the role of these factors is limited.
Comparative analysis reveals genomic features of stress-induced transcriptional readthrough
Authors: Vilborg Anna , Sabath Niv , Wiesel Yuval , Nathans Jenny , Levy-Adam Flonia , Yario Therese A. , Steitz Joan A. , Shalgi Reut
Published: September 2017

Significance

Cells and organisms live in constantly changing environments. Therefore, cells have evolved complex mechanisms to cope with physiological and environmental stresses. Many of these mechanisms involve transcriptional responses facilitating survival and adaptation. Recent evidence documents extensive transcriptional readthrough beyond annotated gene ends in response to stress, but the role and regulation of these downstream of gene-containing transcripts (DoGs) remain elusive. Here we report that induction of transcriptional readthrough is a hallmark of the mammalian stress response. We explore its causes and consequences in a genome-wide fashion, identifying thousands of readthrough transcripts that are induced in three different stress conditions. Our results suggest potential roles for this class of transcripts in the maintenance of open chromatin under stress.
Mass: 100 mg, 10 g, 100 g, 1 kg, 10 kg and 50 kg
Authors: Kaçmaz Sevda , Davidson Stuart
Published: September 2017

Bilateral mass comparison of mass standards of 100 mg, 2 g, 20 g, 500 g and 10 kg was carried out in 2011 to 2012 between UME and NPL. UME was the pilot laboratory. For all mass standards, the results show adequate agreement between the laboratories.

Main text

To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/.

The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
CCQM-K126: low polarity organic in water: carbamazepine in surface water
Authors: Sin Della Wai-mei , Wong Yiu-chung , Lehmann Andreas , Schneider Rudolf J , Kakoulides Elias , Lin Teo Tang , Qinde Liu , Cabillic Julie , Lardy-fontan Sophie , Nammoonnoy Jintana , Prevoo-Franzsen Désirée , López Eduardo Emilio , Alberti Cecilia , Su Fuhai
Published: September 2017

The key comparison CCQM-K126 low polarity organic in water: carbamazepine in surface water was coordinated by Government Laboratory Hong Kong under the auspices of the Organic Analysis Working Group (OAWG) of the Comité Consultatif pour la Quantité de Matière (CCQM).

Eight National Metrology institutes or Designated Institutes participated and participants were requested to report the mass fraction of carbamazepine in surface water study material. The surface water sample was collected in Hong Kong and was gravimetrically spiked with standard solution. This study provided the means for assessing measurement capabilities for determination of low molecular weight analytes (mass range 100-500) and low polarity (pKOW
⩽ −2) in aqueous matrix. Nine NMIs/DIs registered for the KC and one withdrew before results were submitted. Nine results were submitted by the eight participants. Eight results applied the LC-MS/MS method and Isotope Dilution Mass Spectrometry approach for quantification. BAM additionally submitted a result from ELISA that was not included in the key comparison reference values (KCRV) calculation as is provided in the report for information. One further result was not included as the participant withdrew their result from the calculation after further analysis. The assigned KCRV was the median of the seven results and was assigned a KCRV of 250.2 ng/kg with a combined standard uncertainty of 3.6 ng/kg, The k-factor for the estimation of the expanded uncertainty of the KCRVs was chosen as k = 2.

The degree of equivalence (with the KCRV) and its uncertainty was calculated for each result. Seven of the participants were able to demonstrate the ability to quantitatively determine low-polarity analyte in aqueous matrix by applying LC-MS/MS technique at a very low level.

Main text

To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/.

The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCQM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Weighted norm inequalities for multilinear Fourier multipliers with critical Besov regularity
Authors: Fujita Mai , Tomita Naohito
Published: September 2017

In this paper, weighted norm inequalities for multilinear Fourier multipliers with Besov regularity are discussed. As a result, we obtain a limiting case of Hörmander type multiplier theorem for multilinear operators.
The shape of the level sets of the first eigenfunction of a class of two-dimensional Schrödinger operators
Authors: Beck Thomas
Published: September 2017

We study the first Dirichlet eigenfunction of a class of Schrödinger operators with a convex, non-negative, potential

V
V

on a convex, planar domain

Ω
\Omega

. In the case where the diameter of

Ω
\Omega

is large and the potential

V
V

varies on different length scales in orthogonal directions, we find two length scales

L
1

L_1

and

L
2

L_2

and an orientation of the domain

Ω
\Omega

which determine the shape of the level sets of the eigenfunction. As an intermediate step, we also establish bounds on the first eigenvalue in terms of the first eigenvalue of an associated ordinary differential operator.
Links with non-trivial Alexander polynomial which are topologically concordant to the Hopf link
Authors: Kim Min Hoon , Krcatovich David , Park JungHwan
Published: September 2017

We give infinitely many 2-component links with unknotted components which are topologically concordant to the Hopf link, but not smoothly concordant to any 2-component link with trivial Alexander polynomial. Our examples are pairwise non-concordant.
Local cellular neighborhood controls proliferation in cell competition
Authors: Bove Anna , Gradeci Daniel , Fujita Yasuyuki , Banerjee Shiladitya , Charras Guillaume , Lowe Alan R.
Published: September 2017

Cell competition is a quality-control mechanism through which tissues eliminate unfit cells. Cell competition can result from short-range biochemical inductions or long-range mechanical cues. However, little is known about how cell-scale interactions give rise to population shifts in tissues, due to the lack of experimental and computational tools to efficiently characterize interactions at the single-cell level. Here, we address these challenges by combining long-term automated microscopy with deep-learning image analysis to decipher how single-cell behavior determines tissue makeup during competition. Using our high-throughput analysis pipeline, we show that competitive interactions between MDCK wild-type cells and cells depleted of the polarity protein scribble are governed by differential sensitivity to local density and the cell type of each cell’s neighbors. We find that local density has a dramatic effect on the rate of division and apoptosis under competitive conditions. Strikingly, our analysis reveals that proliferation of the winner cells is up-regulated in neighborhoods mostly populated by loser cells. These data suggest that tissue-scale population shifts are strongly affected by cellular-scale tissue organization. We present a quantitative mathematical model that demonstrates the effect of neighbor cell–type dependence of apoptosis and division in determining the fitness of competing cell lines.
Testing the time-of-flight model for flagellar length sensing
Authors: Ishikawa Hiroaki , Marshall Wallace F.
Published: September 2017

Cilia and flagella are microtubule-based organelles that protrude from the surface of most cells, are important to the sensing of extracellular signals, and make a driving force for fluid flow. Maintenance of flagellar length requires an active transport process known as intraflagellar transport (IFT). Recent studies reveal that the amount of IFT injection negatively correlates with the length of flagella. These observations suggest that a length-dependent feedback regulates IFT. However, it is unknown how cells recognize the length of flagella and control IFT. Several theoretical models try to explain this feedback system. We focused on one of the models, the “time-of-flight” model, which measures the length of flagella on the basis of the travel time of IFT protein in the flagellar compartment. We tested the time-of-flight model using Chlamydomonas dynein mutant cells, which show slower retrograde transport speed. The amount of IFT injection in dynein mutant cells was higher than that in control cells. This observation does not support the prediction of the time-of-flight model and suggests that Chlamydomonas uses another length-control feedback system rather than that described by the time-of-flight model.
Progress in the clinical classification of systemic sclerosis
Authors: Johnson Sindhu R.
Published: September 2017

Purpose of review

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) subset classification criteria are a cornerstone of SSc research. Given changes in our understanding of the disease and limitations of the current criteria in the conduct of trials, the developments of new SSc subset criteria are underway.

Recent findings

This article summarizes previous iterations of SSc subset criteria, highlights current thinking about the construct underlying SSc subsets in the modern era and provides an overview of the development of new SSc subset criteria.

Using a combination of data-driven and expert-based innovative methodologies, a large international collaborative effort is developing new SSc subset criteria. It is anticipated that this new system of classification will shift the paradigm of how we study novel therapies in SSc.
Seborrheic Keratosis With Prominent Clear Cell Changes—A Rare But Important Diagnostic Variant
Authors: Long Thomas H. , Zlotnick David , Hurst Stanley L. , Argenyi Zsolt
Published: September 2017

Seborrheic keratoses, although exceedingly common, occasionally have morphologic similarities to other lesions that complicate a typically straightforward diagnosis. The authors present a case of a 69-year-old man with a left shoulder lesion that displayed characteristic clinical and microscopic features of seborrheic keratosis on biopsy. However, diffuse and prominent clear cells were also noted. These stained strongly with Periodic acid–Schiff and were diastase sensitive, suggestive of glycogen accumulation and possible trichilemmal differentiation. This case is presented to demonstrate a unique and striking example of clear cell change within a seborrheic keratosis and to briefly review the published literature on this finding, which is rarely reported and demands close examination to exclude more aggressive neoplasms.
A Case of Phacomatosis Pigmentokeratotica Associated With Multiple Basal Cell Carcinomas
Authors: Loh Seung-Hee , Lew Bark-Lynn , Sim Woo-Young
Published: September 2017

Phacomatosis pigmentokeratotica is a recently identified disease characterized by the coexistence of an epidermal nevus with sebaceous differentiation arranged along Blaschko lines and a speckled lentiginous nevus showing a checkerboard pattern, mostly in association with various extracutaneous defects. A 52-year-old man presented with asymptomatic ulcerative plaque on his left side of perioral area. A 2 × 2-cm–sized fleshy colored ulceration on his left perioral area was consistent with basal cell carcinoma with nevus sebaceous. Next to the ulceration, there was a light pinkish to fleshy colored papule on his left cheek that showed syringocystadenoma papilliferum. On his chin area, there was a 2 × 0.3-cm–sized skin colored papule that was consistent with trichilemmoma. Moreover, various sized light brownish macules and dark brownish papules were also located on his left side of the chest wall, back, and arm. Biopsy specimens from macules on the left side of the trunk confirmed the clinical diagnosis of speckled lentiginous nevus and multiple black papules beside that a speckled lentiginous nevus also revealed basal cell carcinomas. Herein, we present a rare case of a patient with phacomatosis pigmentokeratotica who had no extracutaneous abnormalities and who developed basal cell carcinoma, syringocystadenoma papilliferum, and trichilemmoma in nevus sebaceous on the face and speckled lentiginous nevus on the trunk. This syndrome needs adequate follow-up due to the possibility of malignant transformation.
Community General Pediatricians' Perspectives on Providing Autism Diagnoses in Ontario, Canada: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Penner Melanie , King Gillian A. , Hartman Laura , Anagnostou Evdokia , Shouldice Michelle , Hepburn Charlotte Moore
Published: September 2017

Objective:

Community general pediatricians (CGPs) are a potential resource to increase capacity for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) diagnostic assessments. The objective of this study was to explore factors influencing CGPs' perspectives on and practices of providing ASD diagnoses.

Methods:

This qualitative study used a constructivist modified grounded theory approach. Participants included CGPs who had attended ASD educational events or had referred a child with suspected ASD to a tertiary rehabilitation center. Individual in-depth interviews with CGPs were recorded, transcribed, and coded. An explanatory framework was developed from the data. A summary of the framework was sent to participants, and responses indicated that no changes were needed.

Results:

Eleven CGPs participated. Assessment for ASD consists of 3 stages: (1) determining the diagnosis; (2) communicating the diagnosis; and (3) managing next steps after diagnosis. Each of these stages of ASD diagnostic assessment exists within an ecological context of child/family factors, personal CGP factors, and contextual/systems factors that all influence diagnostic decision making.

Conclusion:

Community general pediatrician ASD diagnostic capacity must be considered within the larger context of ASD care. Suggestions to improve diagnostic capacity include preparing families for the diagnosis, changing CGP perceptions of ASD, providing community-based training, improving financial remuneration, and providing service navigation. Further study is needed to ensure that CGPs are providing accurate, high-quality assessments.
Use and Effectiveness of Sleep Medications by Parent Report in Individuals with Williams Syndrome
Authors: Martens Marilee A. , Seyfer Daisha L. , Andridge Rebecca R. , Coury Daniel L.
Published: September 2017

Objective:

Sleep disorders are common in individuals with Williams syndrome (WS), and sleep disturbance has a significant negative effect on attention, learning, and behavior. The use of sleep-inducing medicine in individuals with WS has not been widely investigated. The objective of this study was to evaluate the use and effectiveness of sleep medications among a large sample of individuals with WS by parent survey.

Methods:

A survey of the use and effectiveness of sleep medications was completed by 513 (of 2846) members of the Williams Syndrome Association. The online survey asked for the age at initiation, degree of effectiveness (helpful, somewhat helpful, and not helpful), and side effects.

Results:

One hundred thirty participants (25%) indicated that their family member with WS had taken medication to help with sleep. Melatonin was the most commonly reported medication taken for sleep, with 91% of parents reporting that it was “helpful” or “somewhat helpful” for their child with WS. Those who reported taking melatonin reported very few, if any, side effects.

Conclusion:

This parent-completed survey is a preliminary study showing the positive benefit of melatonin for individuals with WS who have disrupted sleep. The findings support the need for further study of the use of melatonin, in addition to behavioral sleep aids, given evidence that sleep disturbance negatively influences cognition and behavior.
Cognitive and Psychosocial Functioning of Preschool-Aged Children with Cancer
Authors: Willard Victoria W. , Cox Lauren E. , Russell Kathryn M. , Kenney Ansley , Jurbergs Niki , Molnar Andrew E. , Harman Jennifer L.
Published: September 2017

Objective:

Most children with cancer are diagnosed in early childhood, potentially resulting in missed developmental opportunities. The most common diagnoses—brain tumors, leukemia—are also associated with increased risk of neurocognitive deficits. Unfortunately, research regarding the functioning of preschool-aged children with cancer is limited. Our objective is to describe the cognitive and psychosocial functioning of preschool-aged children with cancer who completed a clinical evaluation at a hospital-based psychology clinic.

Methods:

Assessment data from 98 preschool-aged children with cancer (M = 5.17 years old, SD = 0.54; 54.1% male) who completed clinically referred evaluations from 2011 to 2015 were abstracted. Because of variability in assessment measures used across clinicians, indicators of cognitive, adaptive, preacademic, and emotional/behavioral functioning were collapsed before analyses.

Results:

Children were 2.56 years from diagnosis (SD = 1.46, range 0–5.25 years) and most were off therapy (79.6%). Primary diagnostic categories were represented: brain tumor (68.4%), solid tumor (15.3%), and leukemia (16.3%). Mean IQ scores were significantly below expectations (t[80] = −7.95, p < .001). There were no differences based on diagnostic category, treatment status, or sex. Adaptive functioning (t[73] = −8.42, p < .001) and preacademic skills (t[77] = −6.20, p < .001) were also significantly below expectations. Mean scores on a measure of parent-reported emotional/behavioral functioning were in the average range.

Conclusion:

Young children with cancer may be at significant risk of deficits in intellectual, adaptive, and preacademic functioning. Although our sample is biased by those who were referred for clinical evaluations, the severity of deficits highlights the potential vulnerability of young patients, even before most have entered formal school. Interventions—such as hospital-based preschool programs to increase preacademic skills—should be designed that explicitly target preschool-aged children and focus on a wide range of domains.
Orally Active Epoxyeicosatrienoic Acid Analogs
Authors: Campbell William B. , Imig John D. , Schmitz James M. , Falck John R.
Published: September 2017

Biologically active epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (EET) regioisomers are synthesized from arachidonic acid by cytochrome P450 epoxygenases of endothelial, myocardial, and renal tubular cells. EETs relax vascular smooth muscle and decrease inflammatory cell adhesion and cytokine release. Renal EETs promote sodium excretion and vasodilation to decrease hypertension. Cardiac EETs reduce infarct size after ischemia–reperfusion injury and decrease fibrosis and inflammation in heart failure. In diabetes, EETs improve insulin sensitivity, increase glucose tolerance, and reduce the renal injury. These actions of EETs emphasize their therapeutic potential. To minimize metabolic inactivation, 14,15-EET agonist analogs with stable epoxide bioisosteres and carboxyl surrogates were developed. In preclinical rat models, a subset of agonist analogs, termed EET-A, EET-B, and EET-C22, are orally active with good pharmacokinetic properties. These orally active EET agonists lower blood pressure and reduce cardiac and renal injury in spontaneous and angiotensin hypertension. Other beneficial cardiovascular actions include improved endothelial function and cardiac antiremodeling actions. In rats, EET analogs effectively combat acute and chronic kidney disease including drug- and radiation-induced kidney damage, hypertension and cardiorenal syndrome kidney damage, and metabolic syndrome and diabetes nephropathy. The compelling preclinical efficacy supports the prospect of advancing EET analogs to human clinical trials for kidney and cardiovascular diseases.
Trajectories of musculoskeletal pain from adolescence to middle age: the role of early depressive symptoms, a 27-year follow-up of the Northern Swedish Cohort
Authors: Leino-Arjas Päivi , Rajaleid Kristiina , Mekuria Gashaw , Nummi Tapio , Virtanen Pekka , Hammarström Anne
Published: September 2017

Depression and musculoskeletal pain are associated, but long-term follow-up studies are rare. We aimed to examine the relationship of early depressive symptoms with developmental patterns of musculoskeletal pain from adolescence to middle age. Adolescents ending compulsory school (age 16) in Luleå, Northern Sweden, in 1981 (n = 1083) were studied and followed up in 1986, 1995, and 2008 (age 43) for musculoskeletal pain. Attrition was very low. Indicators for any and severe pain were based on pain in the neck-shoulders, low back, and the extremities. Latent class growth analyses were performed on 563 men and 503 women. Associations of a depressive symptoms score (DSS, range 0.0-2.0) at age 16 with pain trajectory membership were assessed by logistic and multinomial regression, adjusting for parental socioeconomic status, social adversities, smoking, exercise, body mass index, and alcohol consumption at age 16. For any pain, 3 trajectories emerged: high-stable (women 71%, men 61%), moderate (11%, 17%), and low-increasing (18%, 22%). With the low-increasing trajectory as reference, for each 0.1-point increase in the DSS, the odds ratio of belonging to the high-stable trajectory was 1.25 (95% confidence interval 1.11-1.41) in women and 1.23 (1.10-1.37) in men. For severe pain, 2 trajectories were found: moderate-increasing (women 19%, men 9%) and low-stable. For each 0.1-point increase in the DSS, the odds ratio of membership in the moderate-increasing trajectory was 1.14 (1.04-1.25) in women and 1.17 (1.04-1.31) in men in the fully adjusted model. Thus, depressive symptoms at baseline are strongly associated with pain trajectory membership.
Cerebral Oxygenation of Premature Lambs Supported by an Artificial Placenta
Authors: El-Sabbagh Ahmed M. , Gray Brian W. , Shaffer Andrew W. , Bryner Benjamin S. , Church Joseph T. , McLeod Jennifer S. , Zakem Sara , Perkins Elena M. , Shellhaas Renée A. , Barks John D. E. , Rojas-Peña Alvaro , Bartlett Robert H. , Mychaliska George B.
Published: September 2017

An artificial placenta (AP) using venovenous extracorporeal life support (VV-ECLS) could represent a paradigm shift in the treatment of extremely premature infants. However, AP support could potentially alter cerebral oxygen delivery. We assessed cerebral perfusion in fetal lambs on AP support using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and carotid arterial flow (CAF). Fourteen premature lambs at estimated gestational age (EGA) 130 days (term = 145) underwent cannulation of the right jugular vein and umbilical vein with initiation of VV-ECLS. An ultrasonic flow probe was placed around the right carotid artery (CA), and a NIRS sensor was placed on the scalp. Lambs were not ventilated. CAF, percentage of regional oxygen saturation (rSO2) as measured by NIRS, hemodynamic data, and blood gases were collected at baseline (native placental support) and regularly during AP support. Fetal lambs were maintained on AP support for a mean of 55 ± 27 hours. Baseline rSO2 on native placental support was 40% ± 3%, compared with a mean rSO2 during AP support of 50% ± 11% (p = 0.027). Baseline CAF was 27.4 ± 5.4 ml/kg/min compared with an average CAF of 23.7 ± 7.7 ml/kg/min during AP support. Cerebral fractional tissue oxygen extraction (FTOE) correlated negatively with CAF (r = −0.382; p < 0.001) and mean arterial pressure (r = −0.425; p < 0.001). FTOE weakly correlated with systemic O2 saturation (r = 0.091; p = 0.017). Cerebral oxygenation and blood flow in premature lambs are maintained during support with an AP. Cerebral O2 extraction is inversely related to carotid flow and is weakly correlated with systemic O2 saturation.
Genotyping to prevent Rh disease: has the time come?
Authors: van der Schoot C. Ellen , de Haas Masja , Clausen Frederik Banch
Published: September 2017

Purpose of review

In this review, we analyzed the current literature on noninvasive fetal RHD typing to answer the question whether the administration of RhIg to prevent D-alloimmunization during pregnancy can be safely guided by fetal RHD typing.

Recent findings

Recently the first centers that implemented large-scale nationwide fetal RHD typing in the second trimester for targeted RhIg administration have published their studies evaluating the diagnostic accuracy of their screening programs. These data show that fetal RHD typing in a routine setting is, at least in a population of European descent, accurate enough to guide both antenatal and postnatal immunoprophylaxis.

Depending on the ethnic background and the organization of pregnancy care the decisions regarding RhIg can be safely and cost-effectively based on fetal RHD typing by a duplex real-time PCR. As a result, the unnecessary administration of 40% of antenatal RhIg can be prevented, and cord blood serology can be omitted.
Update on pediatric sinus surgery: indications and outcomes
Authors: Gudis David A. , Soler Zachary M.
Published: September 2017

Purpose of review

To review the recent literature of pediatric endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS).

Recent findings

Sinus balloon catheter dilation is an important addition to the surgical treatment tools for pediatric chronic rhinosinusitis (PCRS). ESS is a safe and effective therapeutic modality for uncomplicated PCRS. For PCRS complicated by comorbidities including cystic fibrosis and primary ciliary dyskinesia, ESS and adjuvant medical therapy confers significant sinus, pulmonary, and quality of life benefits to pediatric patients.

ESS is a safe and effective treatment modality in the management of pediatric acute and chronic sinus disorders.
Next-Generation Sequencing Revealed TP53 Mutations to Be Malignant Marker for Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasms That Could Be Detected Using Pancreatic Juice
Authors: Takano Shinichi , Fukasawa Mitsuharu , Kadokura Makoto , Shindo Hiroko , Takahashi Ei , Hirose Sumio , Maekawa Shinya , Mochizuki Kunio , Kawaida Hiromichi , Itakura Jun , Katoh Ryohei , Fujii Hideki , Sato Tadashi , Enomoto Nobuyuki
Published: September 2017

Objectives

The aims of this study were to identify the genetic mutations associated with malignant intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs) and evaluate the possibility of detecting mutations in pure pancreatic juice by next-generation sequencing.

Methods

Resected tissues were collected from 50 patients with IPMN, and pure pancreatic juice samples were collected from 19 patients who had a resection. The extracted DNA was amplified by multiplex polymerase chain reaction targeting 52 cancer-related genes, including KRAS, GNAS, RNF43, and TP53; the mutations were then detected by next-generation sequencing and then analyzed for correlations with the clinicopathological characteristics.

Results

In the resected tissues, the most frequently detected mutations were in KRAS, GNAS, TP53, and RNF43, in 88%, 76%, 36%, and 30% of cases, respectively. Univariate and multivariate analyses revealed that only TP53 mutations were associated with malignant IPMNs (P = 0.023). In the pure pancreatic juice, TP53 mutations were detected in 5 of 10 resected samples with malignant IPMN and in 4 of 5 pancreatic juice samples with mutation in resected samples.

Conclusions

From 52 cancer-related gene analysis, only TP53 mutation was associated with malignant IPMNs. TP53 mutation could also be detected in pure pancreatic juice, potentially making it a useful tool to diagnose malignant IPMNs preoperatively.
Herpes Simplex Virus Esophagitis in Immunocompetent Children
Authors: Fritz Julia , Lerner Diana , Suchi Mariko
Published: September 2017

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) is a common cause of infectious esophagitis. The aim of this retrospective study is to identify comorbid and predisposing conditions and sequelae of HSV esophagitis in immunocompetent children. We reviewed 16 cases of HSV esophagitis diagnosed from January 1982 to March 2016. Five patients were immunosuppressed, 11 were immunocompetent and included in the study. Three (27%) had no other significant medical history. Five patients (45%) had repeat biopsies following their HSV infection, which showed eosinophilic infiltrate consistent with current diagnostic criteria of eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE), one of whom had known EoE. Environmental allergies and/or asthma were present in 4 of 5 of these patients. Among the immunocompetent patients, EoE was a comorbidity in almost half, although biopsies at the time of HSV esophagitis did not show diagnostic features of EoE. Clinical follow‐up is therefore warranted for immunocompetent children presenting with HSV esophagitis, particularly those with atopic conditions.
Changes in Basic Movement Ability and Activities of Daily Living After Hip Fractures
Authors: Toyama Shogo , Sawada Koshiro , Ueshima Keiichiro , Mikami Yasuo , Mori Isamu , Takamuku Kiyoshi , Takahashi Tai , Kubo Toshikazu
Published: September 2017

Objective

The aim of this study was to examine the correlation between basic movement ability and activities of daily living (ADL) in elderly patients after hip fracture surgery and predict ADL outcomes from changes in basic movement ability.

Design

Fifty-four patients receiving rehabilitation after hip fracture surgery were collected prospectively. Ambulatory ability was evaluated using a Basic Movement Scale (BMS), and ADL was evaluated using the motor subscale of the Functional Independence Measure (motor-FIM). From the results of evaluating BMS and motor-FIM weekly, the important postoperative period to regain ADL was investigated.

Results

There was a close correlation between BMS and motor-FIM scores at each evaluation point (r = 0.971, P < 0.001) and a significant correlation between weekly BMS and motor-FIM gains (r = 0.741, P < 0.001). Cluster analysis of BMS scores from postoperative week (POW) 2 to 12 showed three patterns of change, with BMS scores at POW 2 reflecting the outcome.

Conclusions

The very strong correlation between BMS and motor-FIM scores suggests that BMS is a favorable indicator of changes in ADL. Because basic movement ability at POW 2 also reflected the prognosis, constructive interventions should be implemented early to help patients ambulate and regain other basic movements by no later than POW 2.
Monitoring Dynamic Morphological Changes With Electrocardiography-Gated Dynamic 4-Dimensional Computed Tomography Angiography to Predict Intraoperative Rupture of Intracranial Aneurysms
Authors: Gu Yan , Xu Lun , Hu Chunhong , Luo Meng , Zhang Hongwei , Liu Xiguang
Published: September 2017

Objective

This study aims to evaluate dynamic morphological changes of intracranial aneurysms to predict intraoperative aneurysm rupture (IAR) during clipping.

Methods

Included in this study were 153 patients, who had ruptured and microsurgical-clipped aneurysms. All patients underwent dual-source computed tomography examination of electrocardiography-gated dynamic 4-dimensional computed tomography angiography before clipping. Original scanning data were reconstructed to produce 20 data sets of cardiac cycles with 5% time intervals. The aneurysm neck, transverse and longitudinal diameters, and volume from the 20 groups of images were measured to calculate their respective change rates. In addition, other data and clinical characteristics were recorded. Data were analyzed by logistic regression to identify factors associated with IAR.

Results

Of the 153 patients, 24 patients experienced IAR. Multivariable analysis revealed that the aneurysm neck change rate (P = 0.0001; odds ratio, 1.276) and aspect ratio (height/neck ratio, P = 0.025; odds ratio, 2.387) are predictors for IAR. When the change rate was greater than or equal to 60%, and the sensitivity and specificity were 91.7% and 76.7%, respectively.

Conclusions

Aneurysm neck change rate is independent predictor of IAR.
Focal Hepatic Glycogenosis in a Patient With Uncontrolled Diabetes Mellitus Type 1
Authors: Glushko Tetiana , Kushchayev Sergiy V. , Trifanov Dmitry , Salei Aliaksei , Morales Diego , Berry Gerard , Mackey Justin , Teytelboym Oleg M.
Published: September 2017

Hepatomegaly and elevated liver enzymes in patients with diabetes are commonly associated with fatty liver disease. However, physicians often forget about another intrinsic substance that can cause a similar clinical picture—glycogen. Liver stores approximately one third of the total body glycogen and is responsible for blood glucose homeostasis. Excessive hepatocellular glycogen accumulation occurs not only in congenital glycogen storage diseases, but also in acquired conditions associated with hyperglycemic-hyperinsulinemic states such as uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, high-dose corticosteroid use, and dumping syndrome. All reported cases of acquired abnormal glycogen deposition described a diffuse form of hepatic glycogenosis with the entire liver involved in the accumulating process. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of abnormal focal glycogen deposition in a patient with diabetes mellitus type 1 with imaging and pathologic correlation. Awareness of the imaging appearance of focal glycogen deposition can help to distinguish it from other pathologic conditions.
High-Pitch Coronary Computed Tomographic Angiography Using the Third-Generation Dual-Source Computed Tomography: Initial Experience in Patients With High Heart Rate
Authors: Feng Ruiqi , Mao Jingsong , Liu Xiaofei , Zhao Yu , Tong Jiajie , Zhang Liang
Published: September 2017

Objective

This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility, image quality, and radiation dose of prospectively high-pitch coronary computed tomographic (CT) angiography in patients with high heart rates (HRs) using the third-generation dual-source CT.

Methods

One hundred consecutive patients with sinus rhythm and HR between 70 and 100 beats per minute were enrolled into this study. All patients were divided into 2 groups. Patients in group A (n = 46) were examined with prospectively high-pitch scan mode in which image acquisition was triggered at 30% of the R-R interval. Patients in group B (n = 54) were scanned with prospectively sequential mode, and the acquisition window was set at 30% to 50% of the R-R interval. Objective and subjective evaluations were performed. Diagnostic ratios and radiation dose were compared between the 2 groups.

Results

No statistical differences were found in objective parameters and subjective assessment of image quality between the 2 groups. Diagnostic ratios were as follows: 89.1% vs 94.4% (patient based), 95.1% vs 97.7% (vessel based), and 97.8% vs 98.8% (segment based) for group A and group B, respectively (all P > 0.05). Radiation dose was significantly lower in group A (0.53 ± 0.14 mSv) as compared with group B (1.33 ± 0.17 mSv; P < 0.01).

Conclusions

For patients with high HR and without cardiac arrhythmia, the prospectively high-pitch spiral acquisition using third-generation dual-source CT at systolic phase can provide images with comparatively high diagnostic ratio and significantly lower radiation dose as compared with prospectively sequential acquisition mode.
Characterizing Intraorbital Optic Nerve Changes on Diffusion Tensor Imaging in Thyroid Eye Disease Before Dysthyroid Optic Neuropathy
Authors: Lee Hwa , Lee Young Hen , Suh Sang-il , Jeong Eun-Kee , Baek Sehyun , Seo Hyung Suk
Published: September 2017

Objective

The aim of this study was to determine whether the optic nerve is affected by thyroid eye disease (TED) before the development of dysthyroid optic neuropathy with diffusion-tensor imaging (DTI).

Methods

Twenty TED patients and 20 controls were included. The mean, axial, and radial diffusivities and fractional anisotropy (FA) value were measured at the optic nerves in DTI. Extraocular muscle diameters were measured on computed tomography. The diffusivities and FA of the optic nerves were compared between TED and controls and between active and inactive stages of TED. The correlations between these DTI parameters and the clinical features were determined.

Results

The mean, axial, and radial diffusivities were lower in TED compared with the controls (P < 0.05). In contrast, FA was higher in TED (P = 0.001). Radial diffusivity was lower in the active stage of TED than the inactive stage (P = 0.035). The FA was higher in the TED group than in the control group (P = 0.021) and was positively correlated with clinical activity score (r = 0.364, P = 0.021), modified NOSPECS score (r = 0.469, P = 0.002), and extraocular muscle thickness (r = 0.325, P = 0.041) in the TED group. Radial diffusivity was negatively correlated with modified NOSPECS score (r = −0.384, P = 0.014), and axial diffusivity was positively correlated with exophthalmos degree (r = 0.363, P = 0.025).

Conclusions

The diffusivities and FA reflected changes in the optic nerve before dysthyroid optic neuropathy in TED. The FA, in particular, reflected TED activity and severity.
Patients Less Likely to Lose Weight Following a Knee Replacement
Authors: Pellegrini Christine A. , Song Jing , Semanik Pamela A. , Chang Rowland W. , Lee Jungwha , Gilbert Abigail L. , Pinto Daniel , Ehrlich-Jones Linda , Dunlop Dorothy D.
Published: September 2017

Background

Knee replacement typically results in reduced pain and improved function, but it is unclear if these improvements lead to weight loss.

Objective

The purpose of this study was to examine weight change patterns preoperatively and postoperatively among overweight/obese knee replacement patients.

Methods

The study evaluated 210 overweight/obese patients from the Osteoarthritis Initiative who underwent a knee replacement during an 8-year longitudinal study. Average annual weight changes during 1- to 2-year intervals prior to, including, and subsequent to knee replacement were categorized as loss (≥−2.5%), maintain (>−2.5% to <2.5%), and gain (≥2.5%). Weight changes across time intervals were compared using logistic regression with generalized estimating equations, adjusting for demographic, health, and knee factors.

Results

On average, patients lost −0.6 kg/y during the interval when the surgery was performed, but weight gain (0.9 kg/y) in the initial postoperative interval represented an overall net weight gain (0.3 kg/y) compared with presurgery. Continued weight gain (0.3 kg/y) was also seen among patients with additional follow-ups. Patients were significantly less likely to have a meaningful weight loss in the time interval immediately following the surgery compared with the interval in which the surgery took place (odds ratio, 0.37; 95% confidence interval, 0.18–0.79).

Conclusions

Overweight and obese patients initially lost weight during the interval including knee replacement; however, they were less likely to lose more than 2.5% of their weight in the 1 to 2 years immediately after the surgery. Knee replacement patients may benefit from weight management interventions both preoperatively and postoperatively.