bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Emotional competence: A core competence in gerontological nursing in Iran
Authors: Bahrami Masoud , Purfarzad Zahra , Keshvari Mahrokh , Rafiei Mohammad , Sivertsen Nina
Published: September 2018

Aim and objectives

Defining the components of emotional competence in caring for older people in Iranian hospitals.

Background

People of older age are the largest recipients of healthcare services in hospitals. Thus, it is essential to establish what characteristics of emotional competence are required for nursing older people.

Design

This qualitative descriptive‐exploratory study was conducted in Iran from September 2015 to April 2016.

Methods

Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 25 participants (nine nurses, 12 nurse managers, four clinical instructors), chosen by purposive and snowball sampling based on saturation. Data were analysed by content analysis method.

Results

Qualitative content analysis identified two core categories and seven subcategories from the data: (a) Individual emotional competence with five subcategories of positive attitude, spiritual maturity, emotional self‐control, adherence to professional ethics and creativity and innovation, and (b) social emotional competence with two subcategories of relationship management and compassionate care.

Conclusion

Emotional competence was identified as one of the main components of nursing skills when caring for older people. Gerontological nurses should demonstrate emotional competence in caring for older people and include a positive attitude, spiritual maturity, emotional self‐control, adherence to professional ethics, creativity in care, successful relationship management and compassionate care in their practice.

Implications for practice

These findings can be used to guide development of emotional competencies for nursing older people.
How can network leaders promote public value through soft metagovernance?
Authors: Ayres Sarah
Published: September 2018

The aim of this article is to explore the opportunities and challenges of employing ‘soft’ metagovernance to promote public value in governance networks. Soft metagovernance can be defined as a form of relational leadership that is exercised through face‐to‐face contact. This involves making an emotional connection with people to exert influence through a collaborative endeavour, rather than employing bureaucratic authority. Drawing on a case study of a local social enterprise—The Bristol Pound—in the UK, this article examines how soft metagovernance can be used by non‐state actors as a form of leadership to create public value. Evidence reveals that relational forms of leadership are a powerful asset in helping leaders of networks to create public value. Moreover, if network leaders understand how soft metagovernance functions they can use it more purposefully to maximize public value creation and mitigate the risks of public value destruction in governance networks.
Delirium detection by a novel bispectral electroencephalography device in general hospital
Authors: Shinozaki Gen , Chan Aubrey C. , Sparr Nicholas A , Zarei Kasra , Gaul Lindsey N. , Heinzman Jonathan T. , Robles Julian , Yuki Kumi , Chronis Theodosis J. , Ando Timothy , Wong Terrence , Sabbagh Sayeh , Weckmann Michelle T. , Lee Sangil , Yamada Thoru , Karam Matthew D. , Noiseux Nicolas O. , Shinozaki Eri , Cromwell John W.
Published: September 2018

Aim

Delirium is common and dangerous among elderly inpatients; yet, it is underdiagnosed and thus undertreated. This study aimed to test the diagnostic characteristics of a noninvasive point‐of‐care device with two‐channel (bispectral) electroencephalography (EEG) for the screening of delirium in the hospital.

Methods

Patients admitted to the University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics were assessed for the presence of delirium with a clinical assessment, the Confusion Assessment Method for Intensive Care Unit and Delirium Rating Scale. Subsequently, we obtained a 10‐min bispectral EEG (BSEEG) recording from a hand‐held electroencephalogram device during hospitalization. We performed power spectral density analysis to differentiate between those patients with and without delirium.

Results

Initially 45 subjects were used as a test dataset to establish a cut‐off. The BSEEG index was determined to be a significant indicator of delirium, with sensitivity 80% and specificity 87.7%. An additional independent validation dataset with 24 patients confirmed the validity of the approach, with a sensitivity of 83.3% and specificity of 83.3%.

Conclusion

In this pilot study, the BSEEG method was able to distinguish delirious patients from non‐delirious patients. Our data showed the feasibility of this technology for mass screening of delirium in the hospital.
Interpretation of lymphocyte subset counts by the general pediatrician
Authors: Milioglou Ioannis , Kalaitzidou Ioanna , Ladomenou Fani
Published: September 2018

The immune system poses one of the greatest challenges for the scientific community. The general pediatrician should be able to screen and identify an immunodeficient patient based on certain clinical indications. Further investigation is crucial for the distinction between primary or secondary immunodeficiency as well as for between cellular and humoral immunity defects. Full blood count is the best initial laboratory test when suspecting a primary immunodeficiency, focusing on the absolute lymphocyte count, while lymphocyte subset count offers the advantage of detecting the cell type that causes the immune defect. The aim of the present review was to guide the general pediatrician in the investigation and diagnosis of an immunodeficient patient. Even though an immunodeficiency may seem a very difficult disease to diagnose, a balanced and rational way of thinking, along with the help of modern technological advances, can easily guide us in the right direction.
Co‐Identification and Fictional Names
Authors: García‐Carpintero Manuel
Published: September 2018

Stacie Friend raises a problem of “co‐identification” involving fictional names such as ‘Hamlet’ or ‘Odysseus’: how to explain judgments that different uses of these names are “about the same object”, on the assumption of irrealism about fictional characters on which such expressions do not refer. To deal with this issue, she contrasts a Kripke‐inspired “name‐centric” approach, pursued among others by Sainsbury, with an Evans‐inspired “info‐centric” approach, which she prefers. The approach is motivated by her rejection of descriptivist ways of dealing with the problem. In this paper, I rely on the presuppositional, reference‐fixing form of descriptivism I favor for the semantics of names, and I explain how it helps us deal with Friend's problem, which I take to concern primarily the semantic contribution of names to ascriptions of representational content to fictions. The result is a form of the “name‐centric” sort of approach that Friend rejects, which can (I'll argue) stand her criticisms.
The anger incentive delay task: A novel method for studying anger in neuroscience research
Authors: Angus Douglas Jozef , Harmon‐Jones Eddie
Published: September 2018

Unlike other basic emotions, anger is relatively difficult to produce in the lab, with the most reliable methods involving elaborate and time‐consuming manipulations. These factors preclude the possibility of using them for studying short‐lived changes in neural activity associated with the subjective experience of anger. In this paper, we present a novel task that allows for the trial‐by‐trial manipulation of anger and the examination of associated ERPs. Participants completed an incentive delay task, in which accurate responses were rewarded with monetary gains (or breaking even, in a neutral condition), and inaccurate responses were punished with monetary losses. After participants received accuracy feedback, they received information that indicated the amount of money they won or lost on that trial. On a majority of trials, this amount was consistent with the feedback stimuli, while on a minority of trials this amount was inconsistent. Results indicated that participants reported the most anger after trials where goal pursuit was frustrated by monetary losses despite accurate responses. P3b amplitudes were greater for inconsistent outcomes than consistent outcomes, regardless of whether these resulted in unexpected gains or frustrating losses. On frustrating trials, P3b amplitudes were positively correlated with self‐reported anger. The same correlation was not observed for trials with stimuli that signaled surprise gains. Discussion focuses on the implications of these results.
Recent advances in pig reproduction: Focus on impact of genetic selection for female fertility
Authors: Kemp Bas , Da Silva Carolina L. A. , Soede Nicoline M.
Published: September 2018

Contents

In the past 30 years, sows have been successfully selected for a shorter weaning‐to‐oestrus interval and increased litter size. This review discusses the consequences of this selection for the reproductive physiology of sows, including the consequences for litter characteristics at birth. It also discusses breeding and management opportunities to deal with this changed genetics.
Comparison of different sucrose‐based extenders for stallion sperm vitrification in straws
Authors: Consuegra C. , Crespo F. , Dorado J. , Ortiz I. , Diaz‐Jimenez M. , Pereira B. , Hidalgo M.
Published: September 2018

Vitrification of sperm is based on high‐speed freezing by direct exposure to liquid nitrogen using non‐permeable cryoprotectants, mainly disaccharides; yet, the concentration of cryoprotectants has a species‐specific effect on the sperm cell. The aim of this study was to assess different sucrose concentrations for stallion sperm vitrification. Semen samples (n = 9) were collected from three stallions, centrifuged and resuspended to a concentration of 50 × 106 sperm/ml in a base extender (INRA96 + 1% of bovine serum albumin) with three different sucrose concentrations (Molar): 20 mM (S1), 100 mM (S2), or 200 mM (S3). Then, sperm were filled in covered 0.25 ml straws and directly plunged into liquid nitrogen. For warming, 0.25 ml straw was pulled out the covering straw and immersed in 3 ml of INRA96 at 43°C, with gentle pipetting to accelerate the melting. Total (TM, %) and progressive sperm motility (PM, %) were analysed using computer‐assisted sperm analysis. Plasma (PMI, %) and acrosome membrane integrity (AIS, %) were assessed under epifluorescence microscopy. Post‐warmed sperm parameters were compared between treatments by ANOVA. S2 showed significantly higher values in comparison with S1 and S3 for TM (S2 = 54.7 ± 5.5a; S1 = 29.1 ± 3.3b; S3 = 28.6 ± 3.0b; p < 0.001) and PM (S2 = 31.3 ± 3.8a; S1 = 18.5 ± 2.6b; S3 = 17.7 ± 2.9b; p < 0.01), respectively. No significant differences were found among treatments for PMI (S2 = 70.3 ± 5.2; S1 = 67.4 ± 4.3; S3 = 70.0 ± 3.7) neither for AIS (S2 = 57.1 ± 3.9; S1 = 53.9 ± 4.2; S3 = 57.0 ± 7.9). In conclusion, a concentration of 100 mM sucrose is recommended for stallion sperm vitrification in straws.
Reassessing the productivity gains from trade liberalization
Authors: Ahn JaeBin , Dabla‐Norris Era , Duval Romain , Hu Bingjie , Njie Lamin
Published: September 2018

This paper reassesses the impact of trade liberalization on productivity. We build a new, unique database of effective tariff rates at the country‐industry level for a broad range of countries over the past two decades. We then explore both the direct effect of liberalization in the sector considered, as well as its indirect impact in downstream industries via input linkages. Our findings point to a dominant role of the indirect input market channel in fostering productivity gains. A 1 percentage point decline in input tariffs is estimated to increase total factor productivity by about 2 percent in the sector considered. For advanced economies, the implied potential productivity gains from fully eliminating remaining tariffs are estimated at around 1 percent, on average, which do not factor in the presumably larger gains from removing existing non‐tariff barriers. Finally, we find suggestive evidence of complementarities between trade and FDI liberalization in boosting productivity. This calls for a broad liberalization agenda that cuts across different areas.
Asymptotics of partition functions in a fermionic matrix model and of related q‐polynomials
Authors: Dai Dan , Ismail Mourad E. H. , Wang Xiang‐Sheng
Published: September 2018

In this paper, we study asymptotics of the thermal partition function of a model of quantum mechanical fermions with matrix‐like index structure and quartic interactions. This partition function is given explicitly by a Wronskian of the Stieltjes‐Wigert polynomials. Our asymptotic results involve the theta function and its derivatives. We also develop a new asymptotic method for general q‐polynomials.
Microbial safety of cellular therapeutics—lessons from over ten years’ experience in microbial safety of platelet concentrates
Authors: Störmer Melanie , Wood Erica M. , Gathof Birgit
Published: September 2018

Bacterial safety of cellular preparations, including blood products and cellular therapeutics, presents ongoing challenges for physicians, manufacturers and regulators. Although there have been many new approaches to enhance the microbial safety of cellular products during the last decade, established methods for microbiological control still need to be fully adapted to the special circumstances of cellular preparations. The experience from transfusion medicine regarding microbial safety of blood components has demonstrated the variety of problems and risk factors for the development of new strategies for microbial safety. Special attention has been given to the prevention and detection of bacterial contamination of platelet concentrates. But so far, none of the targeted strategies for rapid detection or pathogen reduction have become routinely implemented worldwide, in part at least because development and requirements of new technologies and their implementation into the routine setting are a whole different problem. But factors including the short shelf life and nontraditional lot sizes for cellular and gene therapy products are driving the need for rapid microbiological methods. In conclusion, lessons from the microbial safety of platelet concentrates enable us to understand that the detection or reduction in bacteria represents a more difficult challenge in comparison with viruses. Recent regulatory changes demonstrate that we are getting closer to the goal of a shift from the traditional view of sterility evaluation (identify and inactivate anything and everything) to a new thinking about microbiological control.
The Merchants of Oran
Authors: Schreier Joshua
Published: September 2018

This book recounts the French conquest of Algeria by exploring the world of Oran’s influential Jewish merchants. Jacob Lasry, along with Mordecai Amar, Judah Sebbah and others, established themselves in this Mediterranean port after the Regency of Algiers dislodged the Spanish in 1792. They were part of a settlement hailing originally from Algerian and Moroccan cities and towns, Saharan Oases, and British Gibraltar. In newly Muslim Oran, they found opportunities to ply their trades, deal in goods brought in on caravans from the African interior, or export grain, cattle, or hides. On the eve of France’s long, chaotic, and brutal invasion of Algeria, Oran’s Jewish mercantile elite was well established, having made deals and formed partnerships with European consuls, Muslim traders, and local governors. Colonial officials and reformers boasted of bringing “emancipation” to those they called the “indigenous Jews,” but they actually depended on its mercantile elite to fund civic improvements and military campaigns, fill civic posts, and even disseminate “civilization.” As the French colonial order solidified, the merchants of Oran maintained their commercial, political, and social clout, demonstrating that the French conquest of Algeria did not instantly undo Oran’s pre-colonial order. Yet, by the 1840s, French policies began collapsing Oran’s diverse Jewish inhabitants into a single social category, legally separating Jews from their Muslim neighbors, and ranking them above Muslims in a new colonial hierarchy. France’s exclusionary process of “emancipation,” rather than older antipathies, planted the seeds of the twentieth century’s ruptures and violence.
Remainders
Authors: Ronda Margaret
Published: September 2018

Remainders: American Poetry at Nature’s End discusses postwar poetry as an essential archive of ecological thinking in the era of the Great Acceleration, a period of rapid and unprecedented change to various planetary systems. While North American ecocriticism has tended to focus on narrative forms in its investigations of environmental consciousness and ethics, this book highlights the forms and themes of poetry as it imaginatively engages with various aspects of ecological crisis across this period. This book examines how works by poets including Lorine Niedecker, Gwendolyn Brooks, John Ashbery, Gary Snyder, and Juliana Spahr offer representations of remainders, from obsolescent goods to waste products and toxic matter, that explore the lingering consequences of productive relations. In their attention to these material forms, these poems explore unresolvable affects and sensations of living on amidst ecological calamity. This book’s method of reading for remainders redirects attention from postwar historical frameworks that stress social progress and economic development toward an emphasis on their socioecological effects, developing an ecomaterialist approach that draws on the critical historiography of natural history developed by Lukács, Benjamin, and Adorno. This approach also provides a distinctive account of the investments of postwar American poetry. Through its figurations of materials and activities cast adrift by capitalist modernization, poetry across this period develops a powerful ethos of untimeliness. Remainders argues that this ethos reflects on poetry’s own increasingly marginal status as a cultural form.
Maximum Feasible Participation
Authors: Schryer Stephen
Published: September 2018

Ranging from the 1950s to the present, Maximum Feasible Participation traces the literary legacy of the War on Poverty. After World War II, countercultural and minority writers developed an antiformalist art that privileged process over product, rejecting literary conventions that separated authors from their audiences. This aesthetic was part of a broader trend toward participatory professionalism: an emerging model of expert work that challenged boundaries between professionals and clients. During the War on Poverty, the Johnson administration promoted this model through the Community Action Program, which encouraged “maximum feasible participation” by lower-class clients. Not coincidentally, many writers, especially cultural nationalists like Amiri Baraka (LeRoi Jones), established institutions that were funded by this program. Participatory professionalism, however, hinged on a concept of poverty that was the paradigm’s undoing. Postwar social scientists developed a binary model of class, which insisted that the poor inhabit a culture of poverty at odds with middle-class norms. This theory resonated with process artists’ depictions of poverty as an alternative, present-oriented worldview that disrupted traditional literary conventions. This notion of cultural difference at once enabled and frustrated process art, and it lent itself to political programs aimed at dismantling the welfare state. With in-depth readings of Jack Kerouac, Amiri Baraka, Gwendolyn Brooks, Oscar Zeta Acosta, Joyce Carol Oates, Tom Wolfe, Alice Walker, Toni Cade Bambara, Philip Roth, and Carolyn Chute, Maximum Feasible Participation shows how mid-twentieth-century welfare politics transformed American writers’ understanding of audience and literary form.
Colecciones y saberes: construcción patrimonial del Museo Nacional de Colombia y de la Escuela de Minas (1823-1830)
Authors: Rodríguez Prada María Paola
Published: September 2018

El Museo Nacional de Colombia es creado en 1823 como museo de historia natural, junto con una Escuela de Mi­nas. Con ocasión de la inauguración del Museo, la Gaceta de Colombia anuncia el evento refiriendo algunas de las piezas exhibidas. El presente artículo discute sobre el ethos científico de la institución museal y de la institución de formación técnica especializada: lejos de corresponder al de gabinetes de curiosidades, las prácticas de recolección, descripción e investigación allí implementadas revelan que el Museo y la Escuela participan de manera dinámica en el proceso de construcción de saberes en diferentes ámbitos de la historia natural y de las ciencias de aplicación. A partir de fuentes primarias desconocidas por la historiografía tradicional, se analiza la formación disciplinar de los actores involucrados con la fundación del Museo y de la Escuela, su utillaje intelectual y las prácticas que forjaron el carácter científico de ambas instituciones. La revisión de las pocas evidencias que aún perviven sobre la gestión museal y los alcances educativos de ambas instituciones, permiten inquirir sobre el desarrollo de las ciencias en los albores de la República, así como especular sobre las bases de un patrimonio museal que perdura hasta nuestros días.
De Le Corbusier à l’Unitor: Justino Serralta ou un parcours uruguayen
Authors: Quintana Guerrero Ingrid
Published: September 2018

Cet article propose un regard transversal à une partie de la production architecturale de l’Uruguayen Justino Serralta dans son pays, suite à son stage professionnel à l’atelier parisien de Le Corbusier. Cette production conclut dans le développement d’un système cosmique, philosophique et avec la prétention d’un caractère universel: l’Unitor. Dans le texte, des liens entre cette production –matérielle et intellectuelle– sont insinués, d’après un parcours sommaire à travers la contribution de Serralta à l’un des cabinets architecturaux les plus prestigieux de son époque. La majorité de ce parcours est soutenu par des informations inédites relevées à la Fondation Le Corbusier. L’article présente diverses possibilités d’approfondissement de ces liens, soit depuis des aspects techniques et de composition (un sujet introduit par Nudelman), soit depuis les idéologies et imaginaires sous l’inquiétude plastique de Serralta, sous son activité en tant qu’enseignant et sous ses écrits. Ce dernier courant, tronqué par le décès de l’architecte, manque d’une étude minutieuse à travers l’univers corbusé en; un besoin mis en évidence par ce travail.
L’architecture des cinémas en France pendant les années 1930: captation et mise à l’épreuve du concept de modernité
Authors: Marantz Eléonore
Published: September 2018

Au début des années 1920, l’architecture cinématographique en est encore à ses balbutiements. Si une poignée d’architectes (Henri Sauvage, Marcel Oudin, E. Vergnes, Charles Siclis, Auguste Bluysen) et d’exploitants aspire à la naissance d’une architecture spécifique, adaptée à la projection et affranchie de toute filiation avec l’héritage théâ­tral, l’éclectisme des solutions mises en oeuvre – parfois même leur archaïsme – témoigne de l’effervescence de ces années de recherche. En France, il faut attendre le lancement commercial des films sonorisés, puis leur généra­lisation au cours des années 1930, pour que le cinéma connaisse une seconde naissance. Les directeurs de salles deviennent les maîtres d’ouvrage d’un important chantier de sonorisation et de modernisation des lieux de projection. Saisissant cette opportunité pour inventer une architecture qui satisfasse pleinement aux exigences du spectacle et de l’exploitation cinématographiques, les architectes captent et mettent à l’épreuve le concept même de modernité.
Vida digna” y ordenamiento territorial. actores y luchas por el reconocimiento del derecho a la ciudad*
Authors: Valencia Cárdenas Susana
Published: September 2018

Este artículo se basa en un trabajo de campo de tipo etnográfico que, mediante entrevistas y observaciones participantes de un proceso social de la ciudad de Medellín, se propuso desentrañar posiciones, tensiones y luchas por el reconocimiento del derecho al territorio y a la ciudad, a partir de la lucha por el reconocimiento de vínculos políticos y sociales. El texto presenta el urbanismo social, su fundamento cívico y la contestación social que emprenden algunas comunidades inconformes con el impacto generado por grandes proyectos de infraestructura urbana en la ciudad de Medellín.
Historia de una configuración profesional de urbanismo. Karl Brunner en Bogotá, 1933-1940*
Authors: Arango López Diego
Published: September 2018

Desde principios de la década de 1930, la sociedad bogotana se vio confrontada con una nueva ocupación profesional conocida como urbanismo. Esta era compleja y se desarrollaba de maneras distintas en las ciudades del mundo. En este artículo se analiza la estrategia implementada por Karl Brunner y un grupo de técnicos y profesionales locales de la arquitectura y la ingeniería mediante la cual se establecieron las bases institucionales, académicas y profesionales de una configuración profesional de urbanistas en la capital colombiana. Se observa la composición del Departamento de Urbanismo, la creación y el uso de la revista académica Ingeniería y Arquitectura de la Universidad Nacional y la publicación y difusión del Manual de  Urbanismo. Estos elementos fueron piezas clave de un mecanismo de acción mediante el cual logró constituirse en Bogotá una configuración profesional de urbanismo dominada por profesionales adeptos a las ideas de Karl Brunne
Planning and designing low-carbon cities in México
Authors: Hernández Moreno Silverio , Hernández Moreno José Antonio , Alcaraz Vargas Bianca G.
Published: September 2018

Este artículo propone un clúster urbano para la planeación de ciudades de bajo carbono en México, a partir de modelos de diseño ambiental en edificios como el de Barrios, de LEED; el de Comunidades, de Breeam y el Código CEV, de la Conavi de México, así como de estrategias de diseño sobre planeación inteligente de ciudades basadas en la integración de usos de suelo tanto urbanos como rurales. En complemento con el uso de suelo para vivienda, comercio, áreas verdes, etc., se proponen áreas para agricultura urbana y para la generación de energía alternativa y ecológica. Se concluye que el diseño del clúster funciona como patrón de diseño urbano, es útil en la planeación inteligente de ciudades y puede ser un punto de referencia para la planeación de ruraciudades.
Relación entre los procesos de urbanización, el comercio internacional y su incidencia en la sostenibilidad urbana*
Authors: Carreño Campo Carolina , Alfonso P William H.
Published: September 2018

La dinámica de urbanización y crecimiento de la ciudad latinoamericana obedece a diversos factores geográficos, económicos y sociales. Uno de los aspectos que ha permitido ampliar la disponibilidad de recursos para el proceso de expansión urbana es el crecimiento del comercio internacional, debido a que facilita la importación y disponibilidad de bienes desde cualquier lugar del mundo, consolida a las ciudades como grandes mercados y las hace cada vez más atractivas; ello incide en su proceso de expansión. Con base en el enfoque de la sostenibilidad urbana y a partir de la revisión bibliográfica y la consulta de datos de organizaciones internacionales, este artículo presenta relaciones entre el incremento del comercio internacional y su efecto en el incremento del consumo de bienes y el proceso de urbanización. En la discusión de resultados se establece que la mayor disponibilidad de bienes y servicios (flujos de materia y energía) acelera el proceso de metabolismo de las ciudades y afecta negativamente su calidad ambiental por emisiones y residuos.
Hybrid Analytical and Experimental Method for Characterization of Thin Multilayer Bonded Structures Subject to Thermal Loading
Authors: Shirazi Alireza , Lu Hua , Varvani Ahmad
Published: September 2018

This study is presenting a non-local closed-form solution for interfacial stress/strain and the warpage deformation for thin trilayer plate structures under thermal cycling.

Based on the theory of geometric scale dependency of the material behavior, the material properties of a thin multi-layer inter-bonded structures substantially differ from those determined based on the bulk material samples. Hence the real mechanical properties for such thin layers are often unavailable and difficult to obtain.

This paper puts forward a method to provide a solution for thermomechanical behavior of trilayer constituents with high accuracy at real scale. Present study demonstrates that the constitutive behavior of multilayer plate’s constituents can be inversely determined so long as the plate’s global deformation can be made available by measurement.

To achieve most accurate determination of the material properties, measurements with high accuracy is required. The paper also presents the advanced method of shadow moiré that have applied to obtain warpage deformation of real life trilayer test specimens under thermal cycling.

Using this method, the experimentally determined global deformation (warpage) of a trilayer structure were correlated with the analytical model solved for warpage deformation. The correlation was then progressively optimized to result in material properties of the constituents. The bonding layer properties are called determined, once the correlation reaches over 85%.

There exist a variety of different multilayer bonded structures, which are usually made with advanced manufacturing processes. Regardless of design layout and materials constitutive relations, the application can be implemented in characterizing multiply stacked trilayer structures.
Characterization of Welding Attributes in Friction Spot Stir Welding of High-Density Polyethylene/Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube Composites
Authors: Stan Felicia , Stanciu Nicoleta V. , Fetecau Catalin , Sandu Laurentiu I.
Published: September 2018

In this work, friction spot stir welding (FSSW) is applied to join high-density polyethylene/multi-walled carbon nanotube (HDPE/MWCNTs) composites. Injection-molded coupons were welded with a single lap-shear configuration under different welding conditions (tool rotational speed, plunge depth, and dwell time). By analyzing the lap-shear tensile load and the fracture surface of the welded joints, it is found that the weld attributes (e.g. weld area and maximum lap-shear tensile load) increase with increasing dwell time, tool rotational speed, and plunging depth. The maximum lap-shear tensile load increases with nanotube loading up to a threshold, followed by a decreasing trend at nanotube loading higher than 1.0 wt.%. It is hypothesized that the bonding mechanism for FSSW of HDPE/MWCNT composites is mainly through the co-crystallization across the interface. When more nanotubes are involved in the welding zone (>1.0 wt.%), saturation of nucleation is reached, the positive effect on the crystallization is vanished, and consequently the overall mechanical properties decrease. Interface failure of the welded joints and bulk fracture originated from the upper coupon within the weld nugget perimeter were identified as the two main failure mechanisms.
Use of Programmed Piezo Crystal Flexures for Economic Vapor Deposition of Parylene HT® on Unlimited Lengths of Magnet Wire
Authors: Lawrence Tom M. , Kemple Marvin D.
Published: September 2018

The electronics industry recognizes the need for high-temperature electronics (HTE) particularly for aerospace and geothermal applications. HTE is generally defined as robust operation in temperatures up to 300°C. A major constraint to HTE is high temperature magnet wire which is pervasive in electronic component windings and signal wire for sensors. The magnet wire constraint is caused by the temperature limits of the thin Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and Fluorinated Ethylene Propylene (FEP) coatings applied to HT magnet wire that limits the operating temperature to 220°C. [1], [2] There are coatings, particularly parylene-based coatings such as parylene HT®, that would greatly improve HT magnet wire, signal wire, and create the potential for subminiature thermocouple (TC) sensors; however, the slow vapor deposition process required to apply parylene is generally thought impractical for use in pore-free coating of long lengths of small diameter wire. For this research, experiments were first performed coating small diameter, wire product prototypes in standard batch vacuum chambers utilizing static fixtures. Finding this approach impractical we devised a new process utilizing a piezo-crystal electrodynamically actuated fixture of 14” diameter by 18” height that supports a web of one 24,500’ long, continuous small-diameter wire. A prototype dynamic fixture was built and a trial run successfully coated a 1500’ length of 0.005” diameter copper wire with Parylene HT®. This successful demonstration was the basis for a DOL Phase I SBIR to explore the feasibility of electrodynamically actuated devises that would synchronize horizontal and vertical actuation to drive horizontal motion to the wire web to enable a continuous reel-to-reel operation for parylene vapor deposition. This is discussed in future work.
UMP Builder: Capturing and Exchanging Manufacturing Models for Sustainability
Authors: Bernstein William Z. , Lechevalier David , Libes Don
Published: September 2018

Targeting the improvement of environmental analysis of manufacturing systems, ASTM 3012-16 provides guidelines for formally characterizing manufacturing processes. However, the difficulty that has arisen in the early use of the standard illustrates the need for intuitive tools for helping modeling experts to conform to the specified information model. In response, we present the Unit Manufacturing Process (UMP) Builder, a browser-based tool integrating symbolic mathematical and guided textual inputs, helping to consistently record and exchange manufacturing process models for environmental sustainability. The tool provides an initial layer of governance and verification with respect to the conformance to ASTM 3012-16. In this paper, we (1) detail the requirements with developing such a tool, (2) propose an improved schema to represent UMP models accommodating data-driven techniques, and (3) demonstrate the tool using a contributed model from an open challenge for modeling manufacturing processes.
Analysis of MQL Effect on Forces, Friction, and Surface Roughness in Turning of AISI 4140 Steel
Authors: Mendieta Rodrigo Maldonado , Calderón Nájera Juan de Dios
Published: September 2018

Minimum Quantity Lubrication or MQL is an increasingly used technique for metal cutting operations and it has become an attractive alternative for machining parts at big scale production. However, fully lubricated conditions are still in use for machining special materials so that surface finish, tool wear, and temperature distribution levels remain at optimum levels. On the other hand, dry condition machining is in use as well although with some restraint due to issues with material burr, surface roughness, and tool wear. The main purpose of this work is to analyze the effects of cutting fluid flow rate, its application mechanisms, and cutting speed on surface roughness and establish the lowest possible cutting fluid flow rate that yields to minimum surface roughness (Ra). To achieve the objective, a set of experiments was performed using a Computer Numerical Control (CNC) lathe instrumented with a Kistler 9121 dynamometer and a customized cutting fluid application system to obtain coefficients of friction and cutting forces. Finally, a previously 2D finite element analysis (FEA) simulation from Akbar et al. [1] is applied and compared to experimental results to find out if the cutting force can be predicted. A first regression model that correlates cutting force and surface roughness is posed, so that FEA simulation can be implemented to predict the final surface roughness. AISI 4140 machinery steel in annealed condition is used to carry out the simulated and experimental work.
Analysis of Forces During Spot Finishing of Titanium Alloy Using Novel Tool in Magnetic Field Assisted Finishing Process
Authors: Barman Anwesa , Das Manas
Published: September 2018

Magnetic field assisted finishing process is a nanofinishing process which uses magnetic field for precise control of finishing forces. Magnetorheological fluid mixed with diamond abrasive particles in base medium of glycerol, hydrofluoric acid, nitric acid, and deionized water is used as the polishing medium. The novel tool is a magnet fixture made of mu-metal which is used to hold the magnet during finishing. In the present experimental study, finishing at a spot on flat titanium alloy is carried out to analyze the forces involved in the finishing. Normal force is the main force responsible for the indentation by the abrasive particle on the workpiece surface. Tangential force helps in removing indented material. The measured normal force and tangential force during the spot finishing are 3.285 N and 0.43 N, respectively. The final surface roughness achieved after spot finishing is 10 nm from initial surface roughness of 200 nm. The percentage improvement in surface roughness is 95%.
Machining of Fused Silica Using Pulsed Laser Heating Assistance
Authors: Song Huawei , Xiao Junfeng , Li Jialun , Dan Jinqi , Chen Xiao , Xu Jianfeng
Published: September 2018

Fused silica is difficult to machine through conventional machining, mainly due to its high brittleness and strength, low fracture toughness and poor plastic deformation. This study was attempted to explore the machinability of fused silica with laser-assisted machining by heating workpiece through a pulse CO2 laser beam. During the LAM of fused silica, the bonding and wavelike texture on the machined surface indicated the behavior change of material deformation by the local heating in front of the cutting tool. The semi-continuous chips were obtained as an evidence of material removal mechanism which was a hybrid of quasi plastic deformation and brittle fracture. Moreover, the machinability of fused silica was evaluated. The experimental results demonstrated that considerable improvement in the machinability of fused silica was achieved such as better surface roughness, smaller cutting force as well as lower tool wear.
Material Flow Visualization of Dissimilar Friction Stir Welding Process Using Nano-CT
Authors: Liu Xun , Zhao Sheng , Ni Jun
Published: September 2018

In this study, Friction stir welding (FSW) of aluminum alloy 6061-T6511 to TRIP 780 steel are analyzed under various process conditions. Two FSW tools with different sizes are used. To understand the underlying joining mechanisms and material flow behavior, nano-CT is applied for a 3D visualization of material distribution in the weld. With insufficient heat input, steel fragments are generally scattered in the weld zone in large pieces. This is observed in a combined condition of big tool, small tool offset and low rotating speed or a small tool with low rotating speed. Higher heat input improves the material flowability and generates a continuous strip of steel. The remaining steel fragments are much finer. When the volume fraction of steel involved in the stirring nugget is small, this steel strip can be in a flat shape near the bottom, which generally corresponds to a better joint quality and the joint would fracture in the base aluminum side. Otherwise, a hook structure is formed and reduces the joint strength. The joint would fail with a combined brittle behavior on the steel hook and a ductile behavior in the surrounding aluminum matrix.
An Artificial Neural Network Model for Monitoring Real-Time Parameters and Detecting Early Warnings in Induced Draft Fan
Authors: Hu Di , Chen Gang , Yang Tao , Zhang Cheng , Wang Ziwen , Chen Qianming , Li Bing
Published: September 2018

This paper describes a method to monitor real time parameters and detect early warnings in induced draft fan (ID FAN). An artificial neural network (ANN) model based on cross-relationships among operating parameters was established. In particular, this paper adopted the pre-training of Restricted Boltzmann machines (RBM) and analyzed the training errors of model. A new approach was proposed to monitor parameters by predicted value of model and distribution law of training error, and the reasonable range of each parameter was defined to detect the early warnings in real time. Combining the historical operational data of the No. 1 induced draft fan of No. 3 generating unit in Shajiao C Power Plant in China, this work used MATLAB to verify and analyze the proposed method. The numerical examples shown that the proposed method has better detection performance than the fixed upper and lower limits in the safety instrumented system (SIS). Moreover, this work can expand to other machinery that could be used in manufacturing easily.
Study on the Wire and Arc Additive Manufacturing Technology of Die Steel
Authors: Wang Tingting , Zhang Yuanbin , Shi Chuanwei , Xie Yueliang , Wang Ke
Published: September 2018

Wire and arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) technology has received increasing attention. In this paper, the thin-walled parts with the height of 230mm and cylindrical parts with the diameter of 100mm were fabricated by WAAM using H13 wire and Metal-Inert Gas Welding (MIG) method. Process parameters of current I = 140A, arc voltage U = 25V, velocity v = 4mm/s were applied to manufacture the thin-walled and cylindrical parts. During the WAAM process of the cylindrical parts, when the overlap length of a circle equal to the length of the puddle, the forming appearance of the part is reasonably good. By cooling the former layers with water, continuous processing of the parts was successfully realized. No obvious differences were detected when testing the hardness and the microstructure of the parts built by these two processes. The application of cooling may be a key technology for the continuous WAAM processing of the cylindrical specimens.
Developing Maintenance Key Performance Indicators From Maintenance Work Order Data
Authors: Brundage Michael P. , Morris K. C. , Sexton Thurston , Moccozet Sascha , Hoffman Michael
Published: September 2018

Maintenance management for manufacturing is a crucial activity for improving productivity within a facility. Within this process, maintenance work orders (MWOs) are used when tracking and solving any maintenance–related issue. The MWOs often capture the problem, the solution, at what machine the problem occurred, who solved the problem, when the problem occurred, and other information. These MWOs are manually written by maintenance technicians, entered into a database, or recorded directly into maintenance management software. Technicians often describe or record information informally — or do not record it at all — leading to inconsistencies and/or inaccuracies in the data. This paper outlines maintenance key performance indicators (KPIs), developed using MWOs, that show why consistent and accurate data collection is important for maintenance decision making. The maintenance data, or “elements,” and their corresponding KPIs are derived from MWOs from real manufacturers (large manufacturers and small and medium enterprises). While all elements or KPIs are not recorded by every manufacturer, the guideline provided here outlines the elements necessary to calculate specific KPIs. These examples are developed to aid in common maintenance decisions.
Experimental Study of Machining of Smart Materials Using Submerged Abrasive Waterjet Micromachining Process
Authors: James Sagil , Mahajan Anurag
Published: September 2018

Smart materials are new generation materials which possess great properties to mend themselves with a change in environment. Smart materials find applications in a wide range of industries including biomedical, aerospace, defense and energy sector and so on. These materials possess unique properties including high hardness, high strength, high melting point and low creep behavior. Manufacturing of these materials is a huge challenge, particularly at the micron scale. Abrasive waterjet micromachining (AWJMM) is a non-traditional material removal process which has the capability of machining extremely hard and brittle materials such as glasses and ceramics. AWJMM process is usually performed with nozzle and workpiece placed in air. However, machining in the air causes spreading of the waterjet resulting in low machining quality. Performing the AWJMM process with a submerged nozzle and workpiece could eliminate this problem and also reduce noise, splash, and airborne debris particles during the machining process. This research investigates Submerged Abrasive Waterjet Machining (SAWJMM) process for micromachining smart ceramic materials. The research involves experimental study on micromachining of smart materials using an in-house fabricated SAWJMM setup. The effect of critical parameters including stand-off distance, abrasive grain size and material properties on the cavity size, kerf angle and MRR during SAWJMM and AWJMM processes are studied. The study found that SAWJMM process is capable of successfully machining smart materials including shape memory alloys and piezoelectric materials at the micron scale. The machined surfaced are free of thermal stresses and did not show any cracking around the edges. The critical process parameter study revealed that stand-off distance and abrasive grit size significantly affect the machining results.
Effects of Fluid Cavity Modeling When Predicting Compressive Strength of FDM Printed Nylon With Varying Infill Pattern and Density
Authors: Sunny Sumair F. , Rostami Saman , Malik Arif S.
Published: September 2018

Improved simulations are created to mimic the nature of compressive failure related to macro-structure and loading direction in fuse deposition modeling (FDM) additively manufactured nylon parts. Unlike prior work, the simulations incorporate internal fluid cavities to model the effects of entrapped gas within the internal geometric voids. Until now, such modeling technique has only been applied in simulations involving polymer foams. Experimental tests are also conducted to provide a baseline comparisons. The nylon FDM specimens studied vary in terms of infill pattern (hexagonal, triangular, and rectilinear) and infill density. Compressive loads are applied in orthogonal part directions to examine degree of anisotropic compressive strength at onset of permanent deformation. A comparative simulation study with and without the fluid cavity modeling reveals how the accuracy of the results improves when the effects of the entrapped gas is included. The aim of the work is to help establish an improved general method for creating simulations of sufficient fidelity to predict part macro-strengths for various 3D printed infill patterns and densities without the need for time-consuming experimental analyses for every variation in geometry.