bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rancang Bangun Mesin CNC (Computer Numerical Control) Laser dengan Metode Design for Assembly
Authors: Muchlis Andre , Ridwan Wrastawa , Nasibu Iskandar Zulkarnain
Published: May 2021

CNC Laser (Computer Numerical Control) adalah alat yang memiliki fungsi untuk mengukir/mencetak berbagai tulisan dan kaliqrafi secara otomatis berdasarkan media yang digunakan seperti Acrilic, Fiber, Almunium, dan kayu.  Perancangan CNC laser menggunakan metode Design For Assembly Boothroyd (DFA), G-Code, dan Closed Loop System (Loop Tertutup). Kelebihan metode DFA yaitu mengestimasikan pengurangan waktu perakitan. Metode G-Code lebih ke menyatukan gerakan yang akan di lakukan mesin, seperti bergeser ke titik A, titik B. Kemudian pada metode Closed Loop System (Loop Tertutup) bekerja mengirim sinyal umpan balik ke pengendali untuk mengecilkan  kesalahan sistem. Hasil pengujian dari komponen pada masing-masing alat secara keseluruhan berupa input dan output menjadi kesatuan alat mesin CNC laser cutting dan engraver. Software GRBL dihubungkan pada CNC shild. GRBL mengirim G-Code ke arduino dan menerjemahkan isi dari G-Code satu persatu untuk menghasilkan pergerakan motor stepper dan cahaya laser. Telah didapatkan sistem pengontrolan mesin laser engravir yang bisa menggerakkan mesin kearah dua sumbu X dan Y, yang tersusun dari beberapa komponen yaitu komputer, kontroler arduino nano, motor stepper, laser module, power supplay dan emergency stop. Pengujian laser engraver dilakukan dengan medium plywood dan berbagai pola gambar. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan alat dapat bekerja sesuai dengan pola gambar yang ada.CNC Laser (Computer Numerical Control) tools that have a function to automatically engrave / print various writings and kaliqrafi based on the media used such as Acrilic, Fiber, Aluminum, and wood. CNC laser design uses the Design For Assembly Boothroyd (DFA), G-Code, and Closed Loop System (Closed Loop) method. The advantage of the DFA method is that it estimates the reduced assembly time. The G-Code method is more about unifying the movements that the machine will do, such as moving from point A to point B. Then the Closed Loop System method works to send a feedback signal to the controller to minimize system errors. The test results of the components on each tool as a whole are in the form of input and output into a unity of the CNC laser cutting and engraver machine tool. GRBL software is linked to the CNC shild. The GRBL sends the G-Code to the Arduino and translates the contents of the G-Code one by one to produce stepper motor movement and laser light. A schematic of a laser engraving machine control system that is able to move the machine towards two axes X and Y, which is composed of several components, namely a computer, Arduino nano controller, stepper motor, laser module, power supply and emergency stop. Laser engraver testing was carried out using plywood and various image patterns. The test results show that the tool can work in accordance with existing image patterns.
INVESTIGATION OF THE HERDING AND CONTRARIAN BEHAVIOUR OF INVESTORS
Authors: MAKNICKIENĖ Nijolė , MASĖNAITĖ Jovita , STASYTYTĖ Viktorija , MARTINKUTĖ-KAULIENĖ Raimonda
Published: May 2021

Purpose – The paper analyses two different paradigms of investor behaviour that exist in the financial mar-ket – the herding and contrarian behaviour. The main objective of the paper is to determine which pattern of investor behaviour better reflects the real changes in the prices of financial instruments in the financial markets. Research methodology – Algorithms of technical analysis, deep learning and classification of sentiments were used for the research; data of positions held by investors were analysed. Data mining was performed using “Tweet Sentiment Visualization” tool. Findings – The performed analysis of investor behaviour has revealed that it is more useful to ground financial decisions on the opinion of the investors contradicting the majority. The analysis of the data on the positions held by investors helped to make sure that the herding behaviour could have a negative impact on investment results, as the opinion of the majority of investors is less in line with changes in the prices of financial instruments in the market. Research limitations – The study was conducted using a limited number of investment instruments. In the future, more investment instruments can be analysed and additional forecasting methods, as well as more records in social networks can be used. Practical implications – Identifying which paradigm of investor behaviour is more beneficial to rely on can offer ap-propriate practical guidance for investors in order to invest more effectively in financial markets. Investors could use investor sentiment data to make practical investment decisions. All the methods used complement each other and can be combined into one investment decision strategy. Originality/Value – The study compared the ratio of open positions not only with real price changes but also with data obtained from the known technical analysis, deep learning and sentiment classification algorithms, which has not been done in previous studies. The applied methods allowed to achieve reliable and original results.
SCENARIO MODELING OF FRONTIER FINANCIAL MARKET DEVELOPMENT
Authors: LIUBKINA Olena , KOVTUN Natalia , KNIR Mariya , ANISIMOVA Lyudmyla
Published: May 2021

Purpose – Hypothesis verification and quantification of the relationship between drivers and the resulting factors for a lasting impact on the long-term ICT development, globalization, structural changes in the geo-economy and changes in socio-ethical standards in society in the frontier financial markets.

Research methodology – Based on open source information, a database of almost 19,000 data was formed - 748 obser-vations by country on 25 indicators. The simulation was performed on the basis of a mixed-model, which is a statistical model that is an extended version of the General Linear Model (GLM), using SAS / STAT® 13.1 software.

Findings – Based on the Solution for Fixed Effects and Solution for Random Effects and the test of fixed effects, glo-balization, economic dominance, economic growth and human development were identified as statistically significant patterns of transformation of frontier financial markets.

Research limitations – The paper does not attempt a comprehensive coverage of the topic. However, it identifies main drivers of the development of frontier financial markets and makes calls for further research.

Practical implications – The findings are likely to be useful for practitioners and researchers to gain knowledge about the main drivers of the frontier financial markets development.

Originality/Value – The application of the technique of multidimensional ranking of drivers has identified globalization, geoeconomic changes and human development as the most influential drivers for the development of frontier financial markets.
A STUDY ON SOCIAL MEDIA OPINION ABOUT WOMEN INVESTORS
Authors: Maknickienė Nijolė , Rapkevičiūtė Lina
Published: May 2021

Purpose – to investigate opinions on social networks about women’s investment and its determinants. Social network sentiment research aims to find out why investing remains a very masculine area of life.

Research methodology – Twitter social network analysis tools will be used for data mining. Word clouds and sentiment index will be obtained using neural network classification algorithm based on Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM).

Findings – the paper obtained the dynamics of three-week opinions on the social network Twitter, considering the main factors that influence women’s choice to invest.

Research limitations – only the main factors were investigated and only based on a survey of other authors. Data were extracted from the social network for a limited time.

Practical implications – traditionally, investing has remained an area dominated by men. However, women are be-coming increasingly financially independent and increasingly involved in the investment process. Therefore, it is very important to analyze the factors that hinder the achievement of investment results.

Originality/Value – there are many scientific papers that examine the factors that determine women’s investment choices. However, opinions and sentiments on social networks have not been explored.
Massive White Dwarfs in Young Star Clusters
Authors: Richer Harvey B. , Caiazzo Ilaria , Du Helen , Grondin Steffani , Hegarty James , Heyl Jeremy , Kerr Ronan , Miller David R. , Thiele Sarah
Published: May 2021

We have carried out a search for massive white dwarfs (WDs) in the direction of young open star clusters using the Gaia DR2 database. The aim of this survey was (1) to provide robust data for new and previously known high-mass WDs regarding cluster membership, (2) to highlight WDs previously included in the initial final mass relation (IFMR) that are unlikely members of their respective clusters according to Gaia astrometry, and (3) to select an unequivocal WD sample that could then be compared with the host clusters’ turnoff masses. All promising WD candidates in each cluster color–magnitude diagram were followed up with spectroscopy from Gemini in order to determine whether they were indeed WDs and derive their masses, temperatures, and ages. In order to be considered cluster members, white dwarfs were required to (1) have proper motions and parallaxes within 2σ, 3σ, or 4σ of those of their potential parent cluster based on how contaminated the field was in their region of the sky, (2) have a cooling age that was less than the cluster age, and (3) have a mass that was broadly consistent with the IFMR. A number of WDs included in current versions of the IFMR turned out to be nonmembers, and a number of apparent members, based on Gaia’s astrometric data alone, were rejected, as their mass and/or cooling times were incompatible with cluster membership. In this way, we developed a highly selected IFMR sample for high-mass WDs that, surprisingly, contained no precursor masses significantly in excess of ∼ 6 M
⊙.
Estimate on Dust Scale Height from the ALMA Dust Continuum Image of the HD 163296 Protoplanetary Disk
Authors: Doi Kiyoaki , Kataoka Akimasa
Published: May 2021

We aim at estimating the dust scale height of protoplanetary disks from millimeter continuum observations. First, we present a general expression of intensity of a ring in a protoplanetary disk and show that we can constrain the dust scale height by the azimuthal intensity variation. Then, we apply the presented methodology to the two distinct rings at 68 au and at 100 au of the protoplanetary disk around HD 163296. We constrain the dust scale height by comparing the high-resolution millimeter dust continuum image obtained in the Disk Substructures at High Angular Resolution Project (DSHARP) with radiative transfer simulations using RADMC-3D. We find that h
d/h
g > 0.84 at the inner ring and h
d/h
g < 0.11 at the outer ring with 3σ uncertainties, where h
d is the dust scale height and h
g is the gas scale height. This indicates that the dust is flared at the inner ring and settled at the outer ring. We further constrain the ratio of the turbulence parameter α to the gas-to-dust-coupling parameter St from the derived dust scale height; α/St > 2.4 at the inner ring, and α/St <

1.1
×

10

−
2

at the outer ring. This result shows that the turbulence is stronger or the dust is smaller at the inner ring than at the outer ring.
Tully–Fisher Distances and Dynamical Mass Constraints for 24 Host Galaxies of Reverberation-mapped AGNs
Authors: Robinson Justin H. , Bentz Misty C. , Courtois Hélène M. , Johnson Megan C. , Crenshaw D. M. , Meena Beena , Polack Garrett E. , Silverstein Michele L. , Chen Dading
Published: May 2021

We present Tully–Fisher distances for 24 active galactic nucleus (AGN) host galaxies with black hole mass (M

BH
) measurements from reverberation mapping, as well as the first calibration of the V-band Tully–Fisher relation. Combining our measurements of H i 21 cm emission with Hubble Space Telescope and ground-based optical and near-infrared images allows multiple distance measurements for 19 galaxies and single measurements for the remaining 5. Separation of the nucleus from its host galaxy via surface brightness decomposition yields galaxy-only luminosities, thus allowing measurements of the distance moduli free of contamination from the AGNs. For 14 AGN hosts, these are the first reported distances independent of redshift, and hence independent of peculiar velocities. For the remaining galaxies, we show good agreement between our distances and those previously reported from surface brightness fluctuations and Cepheids. We also determine the total galaxy mass enclosed within the estimated H i radius, which when compared to the baryonic content allows for constraints on the dark matter masses. We find a typical mass fraction of M

DM
/M

DYN
= 62%, and find significant correlations between M

BH
–M

DYN
and M

BH
–M

DM
. Finally, we scale our galaxy radii based on estimated relationships between visible and halo radii and assume a flat rotation curve out to the halo radius to approximate M

HALO
. Over the range of M

BH
and M

HALO
in this sample, we find good agreement with observationally constrained relationships between M

BH
and M

HALO
and with hydrodynamical simulations.
Evidence of Core Growth in the Dragon Infrared Dark Cloud: A Path for Massive Star Formation
Authors: Kong Shuo , Arce Héctor G. , Shirley Yancy , Glasgow Colton
Published: May 2021

A sample of 1.3 mm continuum cores in the Dragon infrared dark cloud (also known as G28.37+0.07 or G28.34+0.06) is analyzed statistically. Based on their association with molecular outflows, the sample is divided into protostellar and starless cores. Statistical tests suggest that the protostellar cores are more massive than the starless cores, even after temperature and opacity biases are accounted for. We suggest that the mass difference indicates core mass growth since their formation. The mass growth implies that massive star formation may not have to start with massive prestellar cores, depending on the core mass growth rate. Its impact on the relation between core mass function and stellar initial mass function is to be further explored.
The Source of Leaking Ionizing Photons from Haro11: Clues from HST/COS Spectroscopy of Knots A, B, and C*
Authors: Östlin Göran , Rivera-Thorsen T. Emil , Menacho Veronica , Hayes Matthew , Runnholm Axel , Micheva Genoveva , Oey M. S. , Adamo Angela , Bik Arjan , Cannon John M. , Gronke Max , Kunth Daniel , Laursen Peter , Mas-Hesse J. Miguel , Melinder Jens , Messa Matteo , Sirressi Mattia , Smith Linda
Published: May 2021

Understanding the escape of ionizing (Lyman continuum) photons from galaxies is vital for determining how galaxies contributed to reionization in the early universe. While directly detecting the Lyman continuum from high-redshift galaxies is impossible due to the intergalactic medium, low-redshift galaxies in principle offer this possibility but require observations from space. The first local galaxy for which Lyman continuum escape was found is Haro 11, a luminous blue compact galaxy at z = 0.02, where observations with the FUSE satellite revealed an escape fraction of 3.3%. However, the FUSE aperture covers the entire galaxy, and it is not clear from where the Lyman continuum is leaking out. Here we utilize Hubble Space Telescope/Cosmic Origins Spectrograph spectroscopy in the wavelength range 1100–1700 Å of the three knots (A, B, and C) of Haro 11 to study the presence of Lyα emission and the properties of intervening gas. We find that all knots have bright Lyα emission. UV absorption lines, originating in the neutral interstellar medium, as well as lines probing the ionized medium, are seen extending to blueshifted velocities of 500 km s−1 in all three knots, demonstrating the presence of an outflowing multiphase medium. We find that knots A and B have large covering fractions of neutral gas, making LyC escape along these sightlines improbable, while knot C has a much lower covering fraction (≲50%). Knot C also has the the highest Lyα escape fraction, and we conclude that it is the most likely source of the escaping Lyman continuum detected in Haro 11.
He i 10830 Å Dimming during Solar Flares. I. The Crucial Role of Nonthermal Collisional Ionizations
Authors: Kerr Graham S. , Xu Yan , Allred Joel C. , Polito Vanessa , Sadykov Viacheslav M. , Huang Nengyi , Wang Haimin
Published: May 2021

While solar flares are predominantly characterized by an intense broadband enhancement to the solar radiative output, certain spectral lines and continua will, in theory, exhibit flare-induced dimmings. Observations of transitions of orthohelium He i
λ
λ 10830 Å and the He i D3 lines have shown evidence of such dimming, usually followed by enhanced emission. It has been suggested that nonthermal collisional ionization of helium by an electron beam, followed by recombinations to orthohelium, is responsible for overpopulating those levels, leading to stronger absorption. However, it has not been possible observationally to preclude the possibility of overpopulating orthohelium via enhanced photoionization of He i by EUV irradiance from the flaring corona followed by recombinations. Here we present radiation hydrodynamics simulations of nonthermal electron-beam-driven flares where (1) both nonthermal collisional ionization of helium and coronal irradiance are included, and (2) only coronal irradiance is included. A grid of simulations covering a range of total energies deposited by the electron beam and a range of nonthermal electron-beam low-energy cutoff values were simulated. In order to obtain flare-induced dimming of the He i 10830 Å line, it was necessary for nonthermal collisional ionization to be present. The effect was more prominent in flares with larger low-energy cutoff values and longer lived in weaker flares and flares with a more gradual energy deposition timescale. These results demonstrate the usefulness of orthohelium line emission as a diagnostic of flare energy transport.
The Effect of Thermal Pressure on Collisionless Magnetic Reconnection Rate
Authors: Li Xiaocan , Liu Yi-Hsin
Published: May 2021

Modeling collisionless magnetic reconnection rate is an outstanding challenge in basic plasma physics research. While the seemingly universal rate of an order

is often reported in the low-β regime, it is not clear how reconnection rate scales with a higher plasma β. Due to the complexity of the pressure tensor, the available reconnection rate model is limited to the low plasma-β regime, where the thermal pressure is arguably negligible. However, the thermal pressure effect becomes important when

. Using first-principle kinetic simulations, we show that both the reconnection rate and outflow speed drop as β gets larger. A simple analytical framework is derived to take account of the self-generated pressure anisotropy and pressure gradient in the force balance around the diffusion region, explaining the varying trend of key quantities and reconnection rates in these simulations with different β. The predicted scaling of the normalized reconnection rate is

in the high-β limit, where β

i0 is the ion β of the inflow plasma.
Dark Energy Survey Year 3 Results: Photometric Data Set for Cosmology
Authors: Sevilla-Noarbe I. , Bechtol K. , Carrasco Kind M. , Carnero Rosell A. , Becker M. R. , Drlica-Wagner A. , Gruendl R. A. , Rykoff E. S. , Sheldon E. , Yanny B. , Alarcon A. , Allam S. , Amon A. , Benoit-Lévy A. , Bernstein G. M. , Bertin E. , Burke D. L. , Carretero J. , Choi A. , Diehl H. T. , Everett S. , Flaugher B. , Gaztanaga E. , Gschwend J. , Harrison I. , Hartley W. G. , Hoyle B. , Jarvis M. , Johnson M. D. , Kessler R. , Kron R. , Kuropatkin N. , Leistedt B. , Li T. S. , Menanteau F. , Morganson E. , Ogando R. L. C. , Palmese A. , Paz-Chinchón F. , Pieres A. , Pond C. , Rodriguez-Monroy M. , Smith J. Allyn , Stringer K. M. , Troxel M. A. , Tucker D. L. , de Vicente J. , Wester W. , Zhang Y. , Abbott T. M. C. , Aguena M. , Annis J. , Avila S. , Bhargava S. , Bridle S. L. , Brooks D. , Brout D. , Castander F. J. , Cawthon R. , Chang C. , Conselice C. , Costanzi M. , Crocce M. , da Costa L. N. , Pereira M. E. S. , Davis T. M. , Desai S. , Dietrich J. P. , Doel P. , Eckert K. , Evrard A. E. , Ferrero I. , Fosalba P. , García-Bellido J. , Gerdes D. W. , Giannantonio T. , Gruen D. , Gutierrez G. , Hinton S. R. , Hollowood D. L. , Honscheid K. , Huff E. M. , Huterer D. , James D. J. , Jeltema T. , Kuehn K. , Lahav O. , Lidman C. , Lima M. , Lin H. , Maia M. A. G. , Marshall J. L. , Martini P. , Melchior P. , Miquel R. , Mohr J. J. , Morgan R. , Neilsen E. , Plazas A. A. , Romer A. K. , Roodman A. , Sanchez E. , Scarpine V. , Schubnell M. , Serrano S. , Smith M. , Suchyta E. , Tarle G. , Thomas D. , To C. , Varga T. N. , Wechsler R. H. , Weller J. , Wilkinson R. D. ,   (DES Collaboration)
Published: May 2021

We describe the Dark Energy Survey (DES) photometric data set assembled from the first three years of science operations to support DES Year 3 cosmologic analyses, and provide usage notes aimed at the broad astrophysics community. Y3
GOLD improves on previous releases from DES, Y1
GOLD, and Data Release 1 (DES DR1), presenting an expanded and curated data set that incorporates algorithmic developments in image detrending and processing, photometric calibration, and object classification. Y3
GOLD comprises nearly 5000 deg2 of grizY imaging in the south Galactic cap, including nearly 390 million objects, with depth reaching a signal-to-noise ratio ∼10 for extended objects up to i
AB ∼ 23.0, and top-of-the-atmosphere photometric uniformity <3 mmag. Compared to DR1, photometric residuals with respect to Gaia are reduced by 50%, and per-object chromatic corrections are introduced. Y3
GOLD augments DES DR1 with simultaneous fits to multi-epoch photometry for more robust galactic color measurements and corresponding photometric redshift estimates. Y3
GOLD features improved morphological star–galaxy classification with efficiency >98% and purity >99% for galaxies with 19 < i
AB < 22.5. Additionally, it includes per-object quality information, and accompanying maps of the footprint coverage, masked regions, imaging depth, survey conditions, and astrophysical foregrounds that are used to select the cosmologic analysis samples.
How to Train Your Flare Prediction Model: Revisiting Robust Sampling of Rare Events
Authors: Ahmadzadeh Azim , Aydin Berkay , Georgoulis Manolis K. , Kempton Dustin J. , Mahajan Sushant S. , Angryk Rafal A.
Published: May 2021

We present a case study of solar flare forecasting by means of metadata feature time series, by treating it as a prominent class-imbalance and temporally coherent problem. Taking full advantage of pre-flare time series in solar active regions is made possible via the Space Weather Analytics for Solar Flares (SWAN-SF) benchmark data set, a partitioned collection of multivariate time series of active region properties comprising 4075 regions and spanning over 9 yr of the Solar Dynamics Observatory period of operations. We showcase the general concept of temporal coherence triggered by the demand of continuity in time series forecasting and show that lack of proper understanding of this effect may spuriously enhance models’ performance. We further address another well-known challenge in rare-event prediction, namely, the class-imbalance issue. The SWAN-SF is an appropriate data set for this, with a 60:1 imbalance ratio for GOES M- and X-class flares and an 800:1 imbalance ratio for X-class flares against flare-quiet instances. We revisit the main remedies for these challenges and present several experiments to illustrate the exact impact that each of these remedies may have on performance. Moreover, we acknowledge that some basic data manipulation tasks such as data normalization and cross validation may also impact the performance; we discuss these problems as well. In this framework we also review the primary advantages and disadvantages of using true skill statistic and Heidke skill score, two widely used performance verification metrics for the flare-forecasting task. In conclusion, we show and advocate for the benefits of time series versus point-in-time forecasting, provided that the above challenges are measurably and quantitatively addressed.
Lyman and Balmer Continuum Spectra for Hydrogen Atoms in Strong White Dwarf Magnetic Fields
Authors: Zhao L. B.
Published: May 2021

We report calculations of photoionization cross sections for hydrogen atoms in white-dwarf magnetic fields. The calculations were implemented using the adiabatic-basis-expansion method and the coupled-channel theory, which are valid for low and high magnetic fields, respectively. The magnetic fields span over a typical white-dwarf strength regime from 23.5 to 2350 MG. Lyman and Balmer continuum spectra for bound–free transitions in magnetic white-dwarf stars are presented with various field strengths. The current results are compared with those from the complex-rotation method. Excellent agreement is shown in the energy region away from Landau thresholds, but the pronounced discrepancies are found in the small vicinity below Landau thresholds. The agreement shown illustrates the reliability of these two theoretical approaches used, while the discrepancies should be attributed to the limitation of the complex-rotation method. The photoionization cross sections presented here should be applicable to the analyses of continuum spectra and their polarization properties observed in the atmospheres of hydrogen-dominated magnetic white dwarfs.
Taxonomic study of the Oriental genus Catullioides Bierman, 1910 (Hemiptera, Fulgoromorpha, Tropiduchidae), with description of a new species from China
Authors: Zhu Hao-Yu , Yu Fang , Xu Si-Yuan , Ma Fang-Zhou , Wang Rong-Rong , Song Zhi-Shun
Published: May 2021

The tropiduchid genus Catullioides Bierman, 1910 is redescribed and illustrated. Catullioides includes two species, C. rubrolineata Bierman, 1910 (the type species) and C. taishunensis Zhu, Wang & Song, sp. nov. A key to the species of the genus is provided.
« Le secret est nécessaire et légitime »
Authors: Puga Benoît , Cotard Jean-Luc
Published: May 2021

Le secret est une information que l’on cache à tout ou partie du public ou à une population particulière, qu’on ne partage qu’avec ceux qui ont besoin d’en connaître à des fins d’efficience et de sécurité. La décision qui impose ce qui peut être confidentiel ou secret doit prendre en compte les conséquences de la révélation de l’information pour l’intérêt individuel, la sécurité des personnes et des biens, pour l’intérêt collectif, pour l’intérêt général et national. L’existence du secret est donc nécessaire et légitime.
La bombe : les paradoxes de l’arme absolue
Authors: Schmitt Olivier
Published: May 2021

Le secret n’est jamais absolu en matière nucléaire, du fait de la nature fondamentale de la manœuvre de dissuasion, mais aussi des besoins de coopération dans le cadre de la lutte contre la prolifération. L’alternance maîtrisée entre la lumière et l’ombre constitue ainsi le cœur des enjeux recouvrant le fait nucléaire. On peut alors distinguer deux dimensions à ce secret : une qui recouvre les intentions et les capacités, et une qui relève de la diffusion et du partage des informations sur ses capacités et sur celles des autres.
En diplomatie
Authors: Mignot Emmanuel
Published: May 2021

Le recours au secret est un avantage pour un diplomate dans plusieurs dimensions de sa mission. En négociation, il lui permet de ne pas dévoiler son jeu et le met à l’abri des pressions. Mais aujourd’hui, après la publication de milliers de télégrammes diplomatiques par WikiLeaks, sous la pression des médias, de la société civile et des responsables politiques favorables à la transparence, le contexte est différent. Face à la floraison des théories complotistes sur les réseaux sociaux, une transparence complète ne serait-elle pas un progrès ? Il est donc opportun de se demander si le secret est toujours possible, s’il est encore souhaitable voire même nécessaire dans la diplomatie moderne.
Résistance et secret, ou le clair-obscur de la guerre
Authors: Aglan Alya
Published: May 2021

Élément essentiel des activités des résistances à l’occupation nazie en Europe pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale, le secret protège les clandestins autant qu’il révèle, par des coups d’éclat, l’existence des organisations. Le secret, retourné contre les Résistants, devient l’arme la plus redoutable de la répression, notamment à travers la catégorie Nacht und Nebel de déportation vers le Reich.
Plaidoyer pour les salsa
Authors: de Boisboissel Gérard
Published: May 2021

Il est illusoire de croire que des systèmes ayant une certaine autonomie dans la décision de tir ne verront pas le jour prochainement. Déjà certains systèmes fortement automatisés existent et les progrès technologiques feront que leur autonomie va croître pour une meilleure efficacité, le tout porté par une compétition internationale sur les technologies de souveraineté. Les salsa , même s’ils sont encore technologiquement peu matures, sont une réponse opérationnelle aux défis que posent à nos armées la robotisation du champ de bataille et les impératifs d’hyperréactivité en temps réel face aux menaces. Ils sont aussi une réponse aux enjeux juridiques et éthiques que pose l’autonomie dans la décision de tir.
“Secrecy is necessary and legitimate”
Authors: Puga Benoît , Cotard Jean-Luc
Published: May 2021

Le secret est une information que l’on cache à tout ou partie du public ou à une population particulière, qu’on ne partage qu’avec ceux qui ont besoin d’en connaître à des fins d’efficience et de sécurité. La décision qui impose ce qui peut être confidentiel ou secret doit prendre en compte les conséquences de la révélation de l’information pour l’intérêt individuel, la sécurité des personnes et des biens, pour l’intérêt collectif, pour l’intérêt général et national. L’existence du secret est donc nécessaire et légitime.
A probiotic and mixed-enzymes combination reduces the inflammatory response, faecal shedding and systemic spread of Campylobacter jejuni in broilers
Authors: Gibbs K. , Lacharme-Lora L. , Dersjant-Li Y. , Evans C. , Wigley P.
Published: May 2021

Recent research has questioned the notion that Campylobacter jejuni is a harmless resident of the avian gastrointestinal tract (GIT). The following trial examined the effect of dietary supplementation with a mixture of enzymes and Bacillus-based probiotics on growth performance, C. jejuni colonisation, GIT immune responses, faecal shedding and extra-intestinal spread in broilers. Fifty-eight, Ross 308 d-old broilers were randomly assigned to one of four treatments, giving 14 or 15 birds/pen. Birds were given nutritionally complete, complex, phased diets unsupplemented (two treatments) or supplemented (two treatments) with a multi-enzyme containing 2,000 U/kg xylanase, 200 U/kg amylase and 4,000 U/kg protease, and 75,000 cfu/g of a combination of three strains of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. One control and one supplemented diet group contained birds orally challenged with 105 cfu C. jejuni strain M1 on d 21 of age. Among challenged birds, the mixed-enzymes and probiotic combination numerically reduced faecal C. jejuni shedding (-98% vs challenged control) three days-post-infection (d.p.i.), and at 7 d.p.i. numerically reduced C. jejuni colonisation of the ileal mucosa (-1000-fold vs control) and totally inhibited systemic spread of C. jejuni to the liver, compared to the control (P<0.05). It suppressed early pro-inflammatory chemokine response seen in the ileum, caecum and caecal tonsil tissues (at 3 d.p.i.) in challenged control birds (-18 to -46-fold; P<0.05) and altered expression of pro-inflammatory (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17A and IL-17F) and regulatory (IL-10 and TGF-β) cytokines. The data demonstrated inhibition of a sustained pro-inflammatory response to C. jejuni infection and improved intestinal barrier integrity in supplemented birds. This highlighted the importance of looking beyond simple measurements of feed conversion and body weight gain when seeking to understand the effects and mode of action of poultry dietary interventions. Achieving a favourable balance between the gut, immune function, microbiome and nutrition should be the goal for achieving good gastrointestinal health and optimal performance.
Physical, nutritional, and sensory properties of spray-dried and oven-roasted cricket (Acheta domesticus) powders
Authors: Bassett F.S. , Dunn M.L. , Pike O.A. , Jefferies L.K.
Published: May 2021

Processing crickets into a versatile dry powder ingredient may facilitate their utilisation in a variety of food products. Three dried cricket ingredients – oven-roasted cricket meal; the same ingredient milled to a smaller particle size, called oven-roasted cricket powder; and spray-dried cricket powder – were prepared and evaluated for their physical, nutritional and sensory properties. Oven-roasted cricket powder had a smaller range of particle sizes and fewer large particles compared to spray-dried cricket powder. Consumer panellists rated oven-roasted cricket powder as less gritty than the other two ingredients. Prepared as a protein drink, oven-roasted cricket powder had the highest viscosity and an intermediate sedimentation rate. Differences between treatments existed in proximate analysis parameters and nutrients, but amounts were similar to previously reported values for cricket powders. Consumer panellists preferred the smaller particle-sized oven-roasted powder over larger particle-sized oven-roasted meal or the spray-dried powder ingredients, as indicated by all sensory acceptance attributes, preference ranking, and purchase likelihood.
Recent advances in the nutritional, functional, and agronomic traits of Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum (L.) Gaertn.)
Authors: Kasajima Shinya
Published: May 2021

Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum(L.) Gaertn.) is considered a functional food because its seeds contain higher amounts of polyphenols (e.g., rutin) compared to common buckwheat. However, because of its highly bitter taste and difficulties in cultivation, the agricultural production and usage of Tartary buckwheat in food products remain limited. The nutritional and functional ingredients of Tartary buckwheat include quercetin, which causes its bitterness and is generated by rutinosidase (rutin-degrading enzyme). A nonbitter Tartary buckwheat variety with trace levels of rutinosidase has recently been developed. Despite such research, there is still a lack of agronomic information on Tartary buckwheat. Lodging can be a significant problem during its cultivation, and a lodging-resistant, semidwarf variety has been developed. This paper summarizes recent advances in our knowledge regarding the nutritional and agronomic traits of Tartary buckwheat. The information extends our understanding of the health benefits of Tartary buckwheat and the solutions to challenges in its agricultural production.

Keywords: agronomic traits, nutrient function, Tartary buckwheat
Personalized Ontology-Based Adaptive E-Learning System
Authors: S. Pakkir Mohideen
Published: May 2021

This chapter illustrates novel methods to provide personalized and adaptive content to the learners. This chapter illustrates a new methodology of automatically constructing concept maps using ontology to measure the learners' understanding for a particular topic, thereby teachers can adopt adaptive teaching based on the learners knowledge structures as reflected in the concept maps. The teachers can dynamically revise and deliver instructional materials according to the learners' current progress. In the approach, the authors provide dynamic content to the learners based on neuro fuzzy domain ontology extraction algorithm. This method also provides a personalized ontology model of a learner to learn the ontological user profiles from both world knowledge base and user local instance repositories. The main quality of the innovative work is to mine the personalized ontology of the learners to extract their knowledge through ontology mining using Inc Span+ algorithm.
Applications of Machine Learning in Education
Authors: Amer Jid Almahri Fatima Ali , Bell David , Arzoky Mahir
Published: May 2021

This research aims to explore how to enhance student engagement in higher education institutions using novel chatbots. This study's principal research methodology is design science research, which is executed in three iterations: personas elicitation, a survey and development of student engagement factor models (SEFMs), and chatbot interaction analysis. This chapter focuses on the first iteration, personas elicitation, which proposes a data-driven persona development method (DDPDM) that utilises machine learning, precisely a k-means clustering technique. Data analysis is conducted using two datasets. Eight personas are produced from the two data analyses. The pragmatic findings from this study make two contributions to the current literature. Firstly, the proposed DDPDM uses machine learning, specifically k-means clustering, to build data-driven personas. Secondly, the persona template is designed for university students, which supports the construction of data-driven personas. Future work will cover the second and third iterations.
A Machine Learning Model for Advanced Decision Making in Smart Education Systems
Authors: Kuppusamy Palanivel , K. Suresh Joseph
Published: May 2021

A smart education system uses emerging technologies and generates a vast amount of heterogeneous data in the learning environment. The conventional methods presently used by the educational administrators for decision-making are minimal and take more time to generate the results. The educational administrators could not be able to predict the results quickly and advance for better decision-making. Today, artificial intelligence approaches are widely used in educational systems for automating educational processes. These approaches achieve a better, efficient, and effective modern education system. Integrating machine learning deep learning techniques with a smart education system can automatically analyze the generated data for better decision-making and provide recommendations to students and educational administrators. This chapter aims to introduce a machine learning model to predict the outcomes in a smart education system.
Recommender Systems for E-Learning
Authors: Amanullah Mohamed Abdullah , Khedher Abdessalem
Published: May 2021

The recommender systems are really important in this phase because the users want to be concentrated and to be focused on the domain in which they are interested. There should be minimal deviation in the topics suggested by the recommendation engines. Some of the famous e-learning platforms suggest recommendations based on tags such as highest rated, bestsellers, and so on in various domains. This ultimately makes the users deviate from the domain in which they have to master, and it results in not satisfying the user needs. So, to address this problem, effective recommendation engines will help provide recommendations according to the users by implementing the machine learning techniques such as collaborative filtering and content-based techniques. In this chapter, the authors discuss the recommendation systems, types of recommendation systems, and challenges.
The Role of Collaboration in the Implementation of BIM-Enabled Projects
Authors: Abbasnejad Behzad , Moeinzadeh Soroush , Ahankoob Alireza , Wong Peter S. P.
Published: May 2021

The effective undertaking of BIM as a systemic innovation requires tighter collaboration among multiple stakeholders and supply chain partners and entails a culture change. However, obtaining a high degree of collaboration is difficult given the nature of construction projects with a diverse supply chain and stakeholders involved in a project. Therefore, this study focuses on the current improvements and approaches in facilitating the BIM-enabled collaboration as a transformative approach in the built environment.
Digitally Enabled Infrastructure
Authors: Sukhdeve Pooja Siddhartha
Published: May 2021

Digital infrastructure comes up with an enormous opening and possibility to deepen the knowledge horizon of those who have an instinct for teaching and learning. Likewise, digital infrastructure benefits to reduce information management. Managing the educational system can be categorized into two important parts, namely managing knowledge and managing information. Digital infrastructure facilitates huge opportunities to expand the knowledge and ease of information management, to examine the issues of the infrastructure of ICT and lack of awareness about the new technology about the training and support in education, and to discuss smart education with the implementation of digital infrastructure to the development of education classrooms and institutions. The chapter also presents a framework of ICT infrastructure scenario and smart infrastructure strategies for education. This chapter examines the development of new emerging technologies to build digital infrastructure applications to enhance the education system.
The Evolving Integration of BIM Into Built Environment Programmes in a Higher Education Institute
Authors: Kelly Mark , Costello Mark , Nicholson Gerard , O'Connor Jim
Published: May 2021

The recent publication of the Roadmap to Digital Transition for Ireland's Construction Industry 2018-2021 clearly identified training and education as key priorities in the development of core BIM competences to stimulate the transition towards a more collaborative digital working environment. It identified an urgent need for a consistent and coherent digital experience for students in Irish education and industry to help grow capacity and maturity in the use of BIM and other innovative techniques. The higher education sector has a vital role to play. Key to this will be ensuring appropriate graduate knowledge, skills and competences, ongoing professional development and upskilling of higher education staff, and significant collaboration with industry. This chapter will present a best practice example of academic-industry collaboration, which resulted in the delivery of a flexible Level 8 programme for industry, the implementation of a BIM strategy within an academic context, and the establishment of a focused research group, which is currently engaged in ongoing applied research.
Digital Transformation and Construction
Authors: McCuen Tamera , Shelbourn Mark , Mayo Glenda , Scott Lloyd Martin
Published: May 2021

In recent years, the construction industry has experienced the introduction of emerging technologies developed to improve project outcomes and labor productivity, including BIM. Construction companies feel the pressure to adopt these technologies and the importance that all project stakeholders have an understanding of the technologies and their impact on industry change. In many ways, BIM is the connection between these technologies and provides a single source of information for sharing within the project team and across the facility life cycle. As the digital transformation proliferates all aspects of the BE, higher education is challenged to prepare design, engineering, and construction students who are ready to enter the workforce. The challenge is complex as educators strive to meet the criteria set forth by their institution, policy decisions/regulation, accreditation standards, and industry expectations. While workforce requirements typically respond to the national economy, digital transformation in the construction industry is global.
Smart City Development and Implications
Authors: Ashaye Olusoyi Richard , Alharahsheh Husam Helmi
Published: May 2021

Smart cities can be described as the use of modern technology to improve urban space, as well as interacting with citizens to increase quality of life. It covers every aspect of society's and people's livelihoods, from monitoring of public space to public transport services, home automation, cloud storage, and electronic public and business services. The advancement and global practice of information and communication technology (ICT) have led to its fundamental consideration in the development and navigation of cities. This has called for the need to have innovations using technology to improve the quality of life and enhance natural environment. Therefore, this chapter is aiming to provide further understanding and clarity on smart cities with inclusion of several initiatives and examples already applied in practice within the UK and across other countries. The research is mainly including secondary sources from the literature to review smart cities. Key recommendations are provided for policy developers, local authorities, academics, and students interested in the field.
Future Aspects and Research Perspectives of the Internet of Things
Authors: Bhardwaj Harshit , Tomar Pradeep , Sakalle Aditi , Singh Taranjeet , Acharya Divya , Bhardwaj Arpit
Published: May 2021

Fog computing has latency, particularly for healthcare applications, which is of the utmost importance. This research aims to be a comprehensive literature analysis of healthcare innovations for fog computing. All of these components involved special abilities. In sequence, developers must be qualified to write stable, healthy IoT programs in four distinct fields of software production: embedded, server, tablet, and web-based. Furthermore, the distributed results, IoT structure essence, dispersed abilities in programming play a deciding position. This chapter discusses the difficulties in creating the IoT method and summarizing findings and observations. Experiences of the need for and co-presence of various kinds of skills in software creation in the construction of IoT applications are discussed.
Applications of Cloud-Based Internet of Things
Authors: Navadia Nipun R. , Kaur Gurleen , Bhardwaj Harshit , Singh Taranjeet , Sakalle Aditi , Acharya Divya , Bhardwaj Arpit
Published: May 2021

Cloud storage is a great way for companies to fulfill more of their data-driven needs and excellent technology that allows the company to evolve and grow at a faster pace, accelerating growth and providing a flexible forum for developers to build useful apps for better devices to be developed over the internet. The integration of cloud computing and the internet of things creates a scalable, maintainable, end-to-end internet of things solution on the cloud network. By applying the infrastructure to the real universe, it generates sources of insight. Cloud computing and IoT are separate technology but are closely associated and are termed as ‘cloud-based IoT' as IoT has the ability to create intelligent goods and services, gather data that can affect business decisions and probably change the business model to boost success and expansion, and cloud infrastructure can be at the heart of all IoT has to deliver.
The Integration and Implementation of the Internet of Things Through Digital Transformation
Authors: Bolton Anthony , Goosen Leila , Kritzinger Elmarie
Published: May 2021

The purpose of this chapter is to address challenges related to the integration and implementation of the developing internet of things (IoT) into the daily lives of people. Demands for communication between devices, sensors, and systems are reciprocally driving increased demands for people to communicate and manage the growing digital ecosystem of the IoT and an unprecedented volume of data. A larger study was established to explore how digital transformation through unified communication and collaboration (UC&C) technologies impact the productivity and innovation of people in the context of one of the world's largest automotive enterprises, General Motors (GM). An analysis and exploration of this research milieu, supported by a critical realist interpretation of solutions, suggested that recommendations can be made that the integration and implementation of digital transformation, delivered via UC&C technologies, impact productivity and opportunity for driving innovation within a global automotive enterprise.