bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Automatic code assessment in Robotics higher education courses
Authors: Cañas José M. , García-Pérez Lía , Roldán David
Published: June 2024

This paper describes two automatic assessment tools developed for Unibotics, a robot programming web platform for engineering education. The first one, for style assessment, measures some quality indicators in the source code itself such as complexity, number of loops, and PEP8 compliance. A second tool runs the robot application developed by each student and measures its performance when solving the task of each exercise. For students, both tools provide instant feedback which encourages them to improve their score and so their source code. For teachers, they are automatic assessment tools which provide additional information for student evaluation. Both tools aim at improving the technology enhanced learning when using that robotics education platform. They have been used in two courses at Universidad Rey Juan Carlos with 40 real students and some preliminary analytics have been collected.
Using ChatGPT for Creating Computer Science Exercises – a Case Study from the Real World
Authors: Pawelczak Dieter , Neve Antje
Published: June 2024

Using ChatGPT (Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer) to support the tedious work of creating programming exercises seems obvious and helpful. This paper explains in detail the experience of working with the the artificial teaching assistant ChatGPT. The usage for the creation of lab assignments for a bachelor and a master level course is described, followed by the evaluation of the powerful yet not flawless tool for this specific use case. The article details a workflow that shows the steps for creating content and the necessity of feedback loops through the expertise and competence of the teachers. This article provides insights into the advantages, disadvantages and risks and possibilities that occur when working with this technology.
Case study for teaching Tropical Ecology
Authors: Hernández Dávila Erika Yurizan , Rodríguez Luna Ernesto , Ruiz Ruiz Lilia
Published: June 2024

This study evaluates the effectiveness of employing case studies as a dynamic pedagogical tool in postgraduate Tropical Ecology education. Through qualitative analysis of student engagements and outcomes associated with the Uxpanapa case study in Veracruz (Mexico), we investigate how this approach influences students' critical thinking, problem-solving skills, and participation in ecological debates. Our findings indicate that case studies significantly enhance students' understanding of complex ecological issues and their ability to make informed professional judgments. These insights have profound implications for pedagogical practices in Tropical Ecology, suggesting a shift towards more experiential and problem-based learning methodologies. The evaluated case study model has charted new learning trajectories for students, enhancing their critical and creative thinking skills within ecology.
The impact of extrinsic pressure on the entrepreneurial intention of business students
Authors: Cekule Laila , Cekuls Andrejs , Dunska Margarita
Published: June 2024

Selecting a business education brings increased intrapersonal and external pressures for students, adding to the challenge of balancing personal expectations with external pressures. When improving business education, it's crucial to consider evolving external factors, including increased uncertainty and societal pressures driven by technological advancements. The study aims to investigate the influence of external factors on the entrepreneurial intentions of business students, focusing on the impact of academic knowledge amid diverse external pressures.Using the EIQ questionnaire and statements, business students' attitudes about the influence of external pressure on entrepreneurial intentions were collected. A moderate negative correlation (r=-0.219; p < 0.05) indicates a visible negative relation between academic knowledge and random actions. There is a statistically significant positive relationship (r=0.441; p < 0.05) between family expectations and random actions concerning students' intentions. Random choices tend to decrease as academic knowledge increases. However, research findings indicate a tendency where academic knowledge does not necessarily support entrepreneurial behavior in business students, factors influencing students' entrepreneurial intentions often extend beyond the scope of acdemic knowlege. However, developing critical thinking skills, managing staff risk, albeit a gradual process, is a consistent and conscious investment by teaching staff.
Innovative Engineering: Developing Laser Manufacturing and Optical Detection Systems
Authors: Morales Miguel , Moreno Labella Juan José , Munoz-Martin David , Canteli David , Muñoz Cristina , Lauzurica Sara , Molpeceres Carlos
Published: June 2024

The Master's Degree in Industrial Engineering at Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Industriales, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (ETSII-UPM) integrates a series of compulsory subjects known as INGENIA (ENGINEERING). These subjects aim to cultivate students' ability to design and construct systems and products that address societal needs, emphasizing a project-based learning approach. The Laser Manufacturing and Optical Detection Systems INGENIA topic, introduced in the 2017-18 academic year, focuses on applying theoretical knowledge in optics, electromagnetism, and mechanical engineering to practical scenarios. Students work in teams to develop and implement innovative laser manufacturing or optical detection systems. Beginning with proposal development and culminating in system fabrication and testing, students engage in hands-on learning experiences guided by faculty. This paper outlines the methodology and outcomes of the Laser Manufacturing and Optical Detection Systems topic, highlighting its role in bridging theoretical knowledge with real-world engineering applications.
The effect of business students' maladaptive decision-making strategies on entrepreneurial intention
Authors: Cekule Laila , Cekuls Andrejs , Dunska Margarita
Published: June 2024

An individual's decision-making strategies are influenced by socially learned patterns. An individual's entrepreneurial behavior can be studied by evaluating learned decision-making patterns. The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of business students' decision-making strategies on entrepreneurial intentions and to assess the relationship of maladaptive decision-making patterns to business students' intention. Significantly, the results indicate that usiness students who tend to engage in buck passing may be more likely to have entrepreneurial intentions. Buck passing behavior, where responsibility is shifted to others, might be linked to a more independent and proactive entrepreneurial mindset. Individuals who procrastinate are less likely to have entrepreneurial intentions. Procrastination is associated with a lower perceived behavioral control. Individuals who are hypervigilant may experience a sense of reduced control over their actions. Vigilance is linked to greater entrepreneurial intentions, indicating a proactive mindset in monitoring opportunities and risks.
Internet and the Law
Authors: Schwabach Aaron
Published: June 2024

This encyclopedia covers legal issues relating to information technology and the Internet. Using key events to illustrate major issues,Internet and the Law: Technology, Society, and Compromisesexplores such significant legal battles asA&M Records v. NapsterandApple Computer v. Franklin Computer, allowing readers a look into stories of trade secrets, music theft, and industrial espionage.

As information technology grows and the Internet's global reach strengthens, it is becoming more difficult to define rules to regulate it. Governments have tried, for various reasons, to restrict Internet content but have not succeeded, in part because the international nature of the Internet makes enforcement difficult.Internet and the Lawfocuses on laws relating to intellectual property and freedom of expression, and presents information in a clear and concise manner, making it easily accessible to students and others researching the intricacies of Internet law.
Caderno de pós-graduação em arquitetura e urbanismo: instrumentos de crítica: textos escolhidos
Authors:   Lucas Albuquerque Santos,   Lucas de Freitas Feijão,   Tiago Cavalcanti Borges Guimarães,   Saulo Nunes de Oliveira,   Verli Vieira de Sousa Júnior
Published: June 2024

Este compendio de artigos surge como finalização do semestre da disciplina denominada Instrumentos de Crítica no âmbito do curso de Mestrado em Arquitetura e Urbanismo do CEUB no primeiro semestre de 2023. Cada artigo discorre sobre uma inquietação teórica que os autores propõem visando a pesquisa final do mestrado, revelando como cada autor observa e analisa, especificamente, os estudos dos casos descritos.
Factors of the Evolution of Air Passenger Segmentation: The Case of the Serbian Air Travel Market
Authors:   University of Belgrade Faculty of Transport and Traffic Engineering, Kalić Milica , Dožić Slavica , Kukić Katarina , Babić Danica
Published: June 2024

The paper investigates the evolution of air passenger profiles in terms of regulatory environment, competitive landscape, socio-economic and demographic trends. The research is supported by passenger surveys carried out since 2001. The surveys have been designed to provide objective and in-depth insights into the preferences and behaviors of air passengers in the Serbian market. The resulting passenger segments are categorized based on socioeconomic and travel purpose criteria, but the surveys conducted at Serbian airports reveal that competition triggered the service quality to become a major issue in the Serbian market, after the entrance of low-cost carriers. The research of future projections of air passengers in Serbia is based on the Delphi method for two-time horizons (2025 and 2035) and three future scenarios are proposed.
Blanko menica kao sredstvo obezbeđenja potrošačkog kredita
Authors:   University of Belgrade Faculty of Law, Serbia, Janković Svetislav
Published: June 2024

The paper considers the sense of using the blank promissory note as a means of securing of consumer loan, while also questioning its purpose as means of security. The initial hypothesis is the legal absurdity of the same person being a debtor under the two different legal basis – promissory note and consumer loan. The same person is the guarantor for themselves – by signing the blank note they guarantee the performance of the consumer loan contract. That arrangement seems tautological having in mind that the same person, through two legal basis but with the same property, guarantees the performance of the underlying contract manifested in a consumer loan. This is the core proof of the absurdity of using the blank promissory note as collateral security.
Online Betting Addiction in Higher Education: Effects on Academic and Mental Health
Authors: Hosain Md. Zamil , Islam Md. Shanto , Islam Md. Shirazul , Rahman Md. Siddiqur
Published: June 2024

This study examines the effect of online betting on university students in Bangladesh and provides a multifaceted analysis of its prevalence, academic and psychological impact, associated deviant activities, relationships between drug addiction and family dynamics. The research uses a mixed method approach and includes data from surveys and case studies, with a focus on two universities in Rajshahi City, Bangladesh. A purposive sampling method was used and 37 students from different departments were surveyed using the snowball sampling technique. The results show alarming trends, including high participation in sports betting, significant financial losses, reduced academic performance, increased psychological distress and drug addiction. The study recommends a collaborative approach between educational institutions, policymakers and families to mitigate the harmful effects of online betting on student well-being.
Does sex differ the relationship between macronutrients adequacy and aerobic power?
Authors: Ali Mohammad Arif , Handayani Oktia Woro Kasmini , Kurniawati Dewi Marfu'ah , Dewi Luthfia , Fibriana Fidia , Anggita Gustiana Mega , Agustina Azkia
Published: June 2024

Background: Sex is a recognized factor influencing physiological and biochemical changes in response to physical activity and nutrient intake. Dietary intake may impact athletic performance, including aerobic power. However, these effects may be sex-dependent. Aims: to evaluate pattern and adequacy of macronutrient intake; to evaluate predicted VO2max, and investigate potential correlations between macronutrients and aerobic power, stratified by sex. Subjects and Methods: A correlational design was employed, targeting recreational athletes. Participants (n = 52) were recruited using purposive sampling (aerobic dancers n = 15, runners n = 18, pesilat n = 10, badminton players n = 9). Three-day food records were collected and analyzed using the NutriSurvey application to determine dietary intake and macronutrient composition. Predicted VO2max was assessed via the Beep Test. The study protocol was approved by the Institutional Health Research Ethics Commission. Bivariate correlation analysis was conducted to explore associations between macronutrients and aerobic power. Results: Mean daily energy intake was 1,417.19 ± 56.12 kcal/day distributed as carbohydrate (46%), fat (40%), and protein (14%). The majority of participants (57.69%, n=30) demonstrated average VO2max, while the remaining 42.31% (n = 22) exhibited below-average values. Interestingly, a significant negative moderate correlation (r -.565 as p < 0.05) was observed between fat intake and predicted VO2max in females only. No significant correlations were identified between carbohydrate or protein intake and predicted VO2max for either sex. Conclusion: Despite consuming a low-carbohydrate, high-fat (LCHF) diet, participants maintained adequate energy intake. Notably, fat intake in females displayed a strong negative association with predicted VO2max.

Keywords: Sports for all, public health nutrition, cardiorespiratory endurance, physical fitness.
SOPHIA E O PÉ DE JABUTICABA
Authors: de Lima Ferreira Ubirajara
Published: June 2024

Sophia, a Alegria da Casa" é o primeiro livro da série "Sophia e o Pé de Jabuticaba", que narra as aventuras de Sophia, uma menina curiosa e inteligente, enquanto ela descobre o mundo ao seu redor. A história começa com Sophia construindo laços fortes com sua família, incluindo seus pais, Maurício e Mirlayne, e suas tias Márcia e Marisa. Sophia ama e cuida do pé de jabuticaba no quintal de casa, presente do Tio Jamáus para o seu avô Basinho, sempre ouvindo a cantoria dos periquitos Liu e Léu. A imaginação de Sophia é estimulada enquanto cria histórias desenhando nas paredes de casa, o seu universo particular. Mirlayne ensina a importância da educação e do respeito à diversidade cultural e religiosa. A família introduz Sophia à espiritualidade e à religião cristã, ensinando-a sobre fé e gratidão. Maurício explica conceitos econômicos de forma simples, como a vida que levam, e Sophia tem seu primeiro contato prático com a economia ao visitar a Feira Municipal no domingo. Sophia descobre em diversas viagens ao mundo do conhecimento feitas com a turma da professora Lilica, o mundo das profissões, e entende como o trabalho pode transformar vidas e lugares. Ela aprende sobre a importância das leis, do Estado e da democracia para a sociedade. Ao longo do livro, Sophia internaliza valores como honestidade, trabalho duro e fazer o bem, compreendendo que esses princípios são essenciais para o sucesso e a felicidade duradoura, formando uma base sólida para seu crescimento pessoal e futuro ingresso no mundo do trabalho. Ao deliciar-se com as frutinhas pretas da jabuticabeira, já na sua primeira florada, a pequena Sophia percebe que a semente contém a árvore.
A INTEGRAÇÃO DE SISTEMAS DE INFORMAÇÃO NA ENFERMAGEM: O USO DE APLICATIVOS MÓVEIS INTEGRADO AOS CENTROS E UNIDADES DE TERAPIA INTENSIVA
Authors: Campos Patrick Ricardo de Souza , Silva Luana Guimarães da , Amorim Mariana Eloy de
Published: June 2024

A tecnologia da informação é crucial para o progresso da assistência em enfermagem e o cuidado ao paciente. Com a popularização de dispositivos móveis, como tablets e smartphones, aplicativos móveis tornaram-se ferramentas práticas para o gerenciamento das atividades hospitalares. Este estudo visa investigar a integração de aplicativos móveis ao cotidiano da equipe de saúde em centros e unidades de terapia intensiva, analisando as vantagens e desvantagens dessa tecnologia. A metodologia inclui pesquisa exploratória e descritiva, utilizando abordagens quali-quantitativas para avaliar a percepção dos profissionais de saúde sobre a efetividade desses aplicativos. A coleta de dados será realizada por meio de questionários online e entrevistas semiestruturadas. Os resultados esperados incluem uma melhor compreensão do gerenciamento de dados e do histórico do paciente, além de identificar desafios e avanços na implementação dessa tecnologia. Conclui-se que a integração de aplicativos móveis pode melhorar a eficiência e a precisão nos cuidados intensivos, beneficiando tanto os profissionais quanto os pacientes.
Assessment of coastal inundation triggered by multiple drivers in Ca Mau Peninsula, Vietnam
Authors: Nghia Nguyen Hung , Quan Le Quan , Viet Nguyen Dung , Hong Cao Tan , Quang To Toan , Do Dac Hai , Wood Melissa , Haigh Ivan D.
Published: June 2024

Abstract. The Ca Mau Peninsula plays a critical role in the agricultural and aquacultural productivity of the Vietnam Mekong Delta (VMD), central to regional food security and the population’s economic and social welfare. Unfortunately, this region has also historically been a hotspot for natural disasters, particularly from flooding, which is initiated by seasonal river flux upstream and heightened sea levels downstream, but also exacerbated by global climate change (e.g., increased rainfall and sea-level rise, tropical storm surges) and human activities (e.g. river bed lowering, land subsidence). The potential risks associated with rising inundation levels is important information for the future sustainability of the region and its ability to adapt to both current and forthcoming changes. The research around the influence of such drivers on future flood risk, in the Ca Mau Peninsula, is incomplete, primarily due to the absence of a quantitative coastal inundation map corresponding to future compounded scenarios. In this study, we therefore evaluate flooding dynamics in the Ca Mau peninsula using a fully calibrated 1D model, to represent a range of anthropogenic and climate change compound scenarios. Our findings indicate that factors such as increased high-flows upstream, alterations in the riverbed of the main Mekong channel, and occurrences of storm surges effecting the mainstream Mekong River, are unlikely to significantly affect inundation dynamics in this region. However, land subsidence, rising sea levels, and their combined effects emerge as the primary drivers behind the escalation of inundation events in the Ca Mau peninsula, both in terms of their extent and intensity, in the foreseeable future. These results serve as vital groundwork for strategic development and investment as well as for emergency decision-making and flood management planning, providing essential insights for shaping development policies and devising investment strategies related to infrastructure systems in an area which is rapidly developing.
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS ON THE PREVALENCE OF ALLERGIES
Authors:   National Research Center-Institute of Immunology, Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia, NAZAROVA E.V.
Published: June 2024

Environmental changes, especially those observed in recent decades, have a tremendous effect on human health. There is a dramatic increase in the prevalence of allergies around the world at present. This trend is especially noticeable in developed countries and big cities. Currently, great attention is paid to studying the influence of changing environmental factors on the development and prevalence of allergic pathology. Global warming, air pollution, and extreme weather events are all contributes to the rise in allergies.
AIR QUALITY IN MOSCOW DURING THE COVID-19 LOCKDOWN IN COMPARISON WITH OTHER REGIONS OF THE WORLD
Authors:   Hydrometeorological Research Center of the Russian Federation, SHUVALOVA YU.O. , GINZBURG A.S. ,   Obukhov Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: June 2024

An analysis of the changes in the carbon monoxide (CO) and particulate matter (PM10) mass concentrations in the atmosphere near highways and residential areas over Moscow during the spring lockdown in 2020 against of the mass concentrations in the previous years (2015-2019) is presented. In the lockdown period, a decrease in the CO mass concentrations was about 40% near highways and only 10% in residential areas. A decrease in the PM10 mass concentrations by about 10% was found during that period. The closeness of lockdown effects in Moscow and other megacities is shown by the comparison of trends in the traffic intensity and pollutant mass concentrations. The special importance of motor vehicles as a source of carbon monoxide emissions in the analyzed megacities is demonstrated.
FORMATION OF POSITIVE SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE ANOMALIES IN THE BLACK SEAФОРМИРОВАНИЕ ПОЛОЖИТЕЛЬНЫХ АНОМАЛИЙ ТЕМПЕРАТУРЫ ПОВЕРХНОСТИ ЧЕРНОГО МОРЯ
Authors:   Institute of Natural and Technical Systems, Russian Academy of Sciences, POLONSKII A.B. ,   Sevastopol State University, SEREBRENNIKOV A.N. ,   Institute of Natural and Technical Systems, Russian Academy of Sciences,   Sevastopol State University
Published: June 2024

Based on the satellite data at the points of a high-resolution regular grid for the period from 2008 to 2021, positive anomalies of the sea surface temperature (SST) in the northern Black Sea and off the southwestern coast of Crimea have been identified. It has been shown that there are vast areas with an exceeding of SST over the mean for the measurement period up to 4-5 and 5-6°C and a monthly total area (for example, in May 2018) about 200000 and 100000 km2, respectively, in the northern Black Sea. The analysis of available satellite data has led to the conclusion that warm SST anomalies occur mainly in May and October. The maximum (over the entire analyzed period) warm SST anomaly (exceeding 5°C) was reached in May 2012, when its area was 200000 km2. The spatial structure and some statistical characteristics of the identified SST anomalies have been described and analyzed. It has been shown that the typical frequency of vast SST anomalies is at least one case per several years, while they are generated by abnormal heat fluxes on the sea surface with the inflow of anomalously warm river water in shallow areas of the northwestern shelf and spread to the open sea areas due to the horizontal advection of predominantly wind-driven origin. The average annual SST anomalies off the northwestern coast of Crimea and in the northern Black Sea correlate at a level of 0.97.
SEASONAL AND INTERANNUAL VARIATIONS IN THE GREENLAND SEA ICE AGE COMPOSITION IN WINTER
Authors:   Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute, MIRONOV E.U. , EGOROVA E.S. ,   Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute
Published: June 2024

Seasonal and interannual changes in the Greenland Sea ice age composition during winter months for seven standard age categories are analyzed. To estimate the amount of the ice of different age categories, the digital archive of the region’s ice charts for the period 1997-2022 produced by the Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute is used. Statistical insignificance of linear trends has been revealed for the main age categories of the Greenland Sea ice. A comparison of the obtained estimates of the variability in the amount of the ice of different age categories and earlier studies shows that the quantitative changes in the Greenland Sea ice age composition started before 1997. The data on the ice age composition over a 25-year observation period alone are insufficient to draw an unambiguous conclusion about a decrease in the Greenland Sea ice thickness.
TRENDS IN THE IONIC COMPOSITION OF LAKE LADOGA
Authors:   Institute of Limnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, GUSEVA M.A. , SHMAKOVA V.YU. ,   Institute of Limnology, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: June 2024

The sum of ions of the basic Lake Ladoga water mass has varied quite significantly from 55.6 to 71.6 mg/L over the past 60 years. In the present paper, separate periods of the mineralization growth are identified. It is shown that the change in the mineralization of Lake Ladoga has been always accompanied by a significant change in the ratio of basic ion concentrations. Any significant trends in the total mineralization of Lake Ladoga over the analyzed period have not been identified, but periods of the growth and decrease in the number of ions have been revealed. Until 1998, the periods of increased mineralization, as a rule, were accompanied by an increase in concentrations of SO42 and Cl, most likely coming from the catchment area due to industrial and household pollution. During 2009-2019, the mineralization was growing mainly due to an increase in the absolute and relative concentrations of HCO3. At the same time, the concentration of dissolved CO2 in the main water mass of the lake also was increasing (and, consequently, pH was decreasing). Thus, the changes in the bicarbonate ion concentration in the water of Lake Ladoga may be largely determined by an increase in its inflow from the catchment area, whose possible reason is the enhancement of the chemical weathering of carbonate rocks due to the increasing concentrations of dissolved CO2 in the water.
Iqbaliyat and Sufism: An Analysis of Bashir Ahmed Nahvi's Iqbalistic Thought
Authors: TALIB HUSSAIN HASHMI  , DR. SYED SHIRAZ ALI ZAIDI
Published: June 2024

Prof. Dr. Bashir Ahmed Nahvi focused more on Iqbal and Iqbaliyat in Occupied Kashmir. That is why he is famous as a scholar on Iqbal in Occupied Jammu and Kashmir. Even though the conditions regarding Iqbaliyat in Occupied Kashmir are not so favorable, his attraction towards Iqbaliyat and continuously working on it indicate that he has a special affinity and passion for Iqbaliyat. Bashir Nahvi has presented the vision of Iqbal regarding Sufism in a proper way, because even a slight modification or contradiction in the vision of Iqbal, as a result of Nahvi's services regarding Iqbaliyat, may lead to ideological annihilation in the occupied valley. Ignoring Urdu literature and journalism and other academic and literary achievements, Bashir Ahmed Nahvi's thought on Iqbaliyat has been limited to research and criticism in the literary context of occupied Kashmir. While avoiding unnecessary expansion and exposure, as a teacher of Iqbaliyat, his character and writings were directly examined in the light of Iqbal's writings, verses and enclosures and an attempt was made to draw concrete conclusions. A Historical and documentary method of research has been adopted and conclusions have been drawn honestly through comparison, analysis and dissection adopting an objective approach. Only the primary sources were used. In the literary context of Occupied Kashmir, Bashir Ahmed's Iqbalistic thought on "Sufism" has been discussed. It is a landmark achievement by Bashir Ahmed Nahvi to promote and proselytize the teachings of such an ideological thinker and writer as Iqbal which distinguishes him as a researcher of literature on Iqbal.
A Study of the Novel "Aagy Samadar Hai" in the Perspective of Nostalgia
Authors: SAQLAIN AHMAD KHAN  , MUHAMMAD BURHAN HASSAN
Published: June 2024

The memories of the past, called nostalgia in terms of literature, can be the primary motivation for human life. A lot has been written about it in the literature; nostalgia also has profound effects on Urdu literature. Those who directly experienced the division of the subcontinent have made it the subject of their writings. There are many effects of nostalgia in the novel “Aagy Samandar Hai” How the partition destroyed the houses and then how the people tried to rebuild them, what mental agonies they went through, how many psychological and physical difficulties they faced in leaving the land of their ancestors, and What is the tragedy of memory. All of this has been tried to be considered in this article.
Value chain and competitiveness of organic coffee in the agricultural cooperatives of southern Peru
Authors: Valenzuela Antezana Ricardo Nahuel , Véliz Quispe Tomás
Published: June 2024

Las cooperativas agrarias han contribuido y vienen contribuyendo a la dinámica económica en sus territorios, en el sur del Perú el café orgánico tiene gran demanda, es por ello que el objetivo del estudio es determinar los procesos críticos de la cadena de valor del café orgánico y su relación con la competitividad en las cooperativas agrarias cafetaleras. La metodología utilizada fue de enfoque mixto, de tipo descriptiva correlacional transaccional y caso de estudio, los resultados indican que la cadena de valor está compuesta por los eslabones producción, acopio, transformación y transformación, el nivel de la cadena de valor de las cooperativas es 40% regular, 50% bajo, 10% muy bajo, respecto a la competitividad un 10% de las cooperativas es muy baja, 70% es baja, 10% es regular y solo 10% alta, la relación entre la cadena de valor y competitividad es significativa, tienen alta codependencia positiva, los procesos críticos en la cadena de valor son: producción, acopio, transformación y comercialización, se propone que las cooperativas Tupac Amaru e Inambari, realicen sus actividades de forma independientes y puedan comercializar sus productos a nivel nacional e internacional. Se concluye que la cadena de valor del café orgánico del sur de Perú no está fortalecida, ya que no hay cooperativas con un nivel alto o muy alto, la demanda de café es mayor a la oferta, solo la cooperativa San Juan del Oro tiene una competitividad alta, CECOVASA regular, y el 70% tienen competitividad baja o muy baja, las dimensiones de menor nivel son: medio ambiente, gestión financiera, asociatividad y institucionalidad, y estrategia empresarial, el estado tiene una relación negativa, notándose que su participación para mejorar la competitividad de las cooperativas no es efectiva, el acceso a las fincas cafetaleras también es deficiente. Las cooperativas, los gobiernos locales, el gobierno nacional, organizaciones no gubernamentales, y cooperación internacional, deben fortalecer dimensiones de menor nivel para fortalecer la cadena de valor de café y mejorar su competitividad.
Impact of Income and Renewable Energy on Carbon Emissions: Evidence from Middle East Countries
Authors: Abdulraqeb Omar Ahmed , Erbao Cao , Aloqab Abdullah , Abdulla Al-Dakhli
Published: June 2024

Most Middle East countries mainly depend on natural resources and energy sector is almost responsible for one-third of its environmental degradation. Most Middle East countries are going for greener energy and at the same time maintaining their economic growth. Henceforth, this study examines the effects of income and renewable energy on degradation of environment. Furthermore, total natural rent, trade openness, and urbanization are control variables in this panel study. The main aim of the study is to investigate in the Middle East the influence of several elements like total natural resource rents, urbanization, trade openness, and renewable energy and income on CO2 emissions. Panel techniques and tests such as cross-sectional dependency, panel unit root test, Westerlund panel cointegration test and FMOLS. This study finds that urbanization, trade openness, income, and total natural rent degrade environmental quality, whereas renewable energy improves environmental quality in Middle East Countries. It is recommended that policymakers incorporate environmental considerations into development plans. It is also recommended that Middle East countries enhance the share of renewable energy sources and improvement in natural resource management as most middle countries rely largely on natural resource revenues.
ANALYSIS OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACT OF MIGRATION
Authors:   Georgian Technical University, Iashvili Genadi , Baratashvili Ana ,   Georgian Technical University
Published: June 2024

The expansion of the boundaries of globalization in itself leads to the facilitation of the movement of people from one country to another. As the reality of past decades has shown, this could be voluntary or involuntary movement, which is caused by the need to find jobs. Over the years, the migration of these flows of people between countries has acquired a large scale and has become a pressing challenge. Migration is among the most important global challenges, which is accompanied by not only social, unsustainable, and severe economic problems, but also creates many difficulties in many countries throughout the world. One of the major reasons for present-day human migrations is due to socio-economic problems. The analysis of the migration balance showed us that in the first decade of independence (1994-2002), the negative migration balance was particularly high (25-190 thousand people). In 2022, as a result of the migration changes caused by the Russian-Ukrainian war, the positive migration balance amounted to 56,509 people. The analysis of these migration flows in terms of age, in 2022, has shown that the number of immigrants in all age-groups was higher than the number of emigrants, which is also the result of the migration changes caused by the Russian-Ukrainian war. As expected, emigrants and immigrants (economically active population) between the ages of 16 and 64 have the highest specific share, which made up 84% and 86% of their total number, respectively. Given the increased opportunities for international mobility and the driving factors of migration, a reduction in emigration flows is unlikely to occur in the near future. In our opinion, it will be important to bring these flows into a safe and legal framework, as well as to strengthen relations with the large Georgian diaspora living abroad and to involve them in the socio-economic development of the country. It should be noted that today, remittances continue to play an important role in the lives of migrant families remaining in Georgia. As studies show, despite their relatively high amount, remittances have little impact on the country's economic development. Thus, it is important to establish a migration policy in Georgia that will contribute to the reduction of irrational, intensive emigration, the legalization of migration, the increase of the efficiency of migration, the return of migrants and their socio-economic reintegration in their homeland, the harmonization of the migration policy of Georgia with the measures taken by the countries of immigration, and the normalization of immigration processes.
THE ROLE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF MEDICAL SERVICES - THE CONTEXT OF THE HEALTH CARE SYSTEM
Authors:   Caucasus University, Verulava Tengiz
Published: June 2024

Artificial intelligence can reduce the burden on doctors and improve their analytical skills. Collaboration between physicians and artificial intelligence has the greatest potential to improve clinical decision-making and patient health outcomes. Due to the complexity of the main symptoms of the diseases, it is difficult to develop early diagnostic tools. Therefore, effective and timely diagnosis of the disease remains a challenge in the medical field. Although the integration of artificial intelligence into medical practice is still in its early stages, its full use for medical diagnostics is possible, especially in the direction of cancer prevention. Artificial intelligence can have a significant impact on medical practice, in particular improving the accuracy of diagnosis, saving costs and time compared to traditional diagnostic methods. Also, artificial intelligence has the potential to make clinical laboratory testing more accurate, faster, and more efficient. It is worth noting that in the health sector, errors in the diagnostic process are the biggest problem. Artificial intelligence can minimize diagnostic errors and detect life-threatening diseases in patients at an early stage. In this regard, the decisive role of artificial intelligence in determining the dosage of medicines, as well as in predicting drug contraindications, which is important for improving the treatment results, is crucial. Artificial intelligence has the potential to analyze individual cases and compare them with patient databases, allowing for individualized treatment planning. This indicates the revolutionary potential of artificial intelligence in medicine. However, experts admit that artificial intelligence presents a challenge because the implementation of algorithms is not an independent process and takes place in a dynamic environment where human reaction and adaptation play a crucial role. Medical education about artificial intelligence is essential because future doctors will have to provide medical services to patients in completely different healthcare settings. To fully realize the potential of artificial intelligence, it is necessary to have properly qualified human resources, to collect quality medical data, to take into account the confidentiality and availability of patient data. Continuous evaluation of AI systems is essential to ensure their sustainable performance over time. Arguably, collaboration between computer scientists and healthcare providers is essential for the practical and successful implementation of artificial intelligence.
INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENT OF HYDROMELIORATION: INTERNATIONAL MODELS AND GEORGIA
Authors:   Georgian Technical University, Koguasgvili Paata , Omanadze Ana ,   Georgian Technical University
Published: June 2024

At the current stage of development, special attention should be focused on maximum realization of the country's food potential. It is important for Georgia to overcome food shortage, to provide the population with affordable, diverse, harmless, high-quality and sufficient food. Industrialization of agriculture and its transformation into a high-tech industry stand as guarantee that the country will meet its food requirements. In addition, it is important to take into account that not only expansion of agricultural land is limited, but on the contrary, it is even decreasing due to escalation of urbanization process. The solution lies in the high-performance use of agricultural lands and increasing of per hectare yield. There is only one way to achieve this goal – land use efficiency. In order to make full use of land and secure high yields of agricultural crops, additional human labor and agro-cultural measures are often required to give a specific soil the properties that other soils possess under the best natural conditions. Such lands require significant improvement (melioration). The proposed paper provides an analysis of the current state of agricultural hydromelioration in Georgia. Economic innovative proposals for the use of agromelioration have been developed on the basis of generalization of international best practices. This research dwells upon the experience of foreign countries from the point of view of institutional arrangement. We tried to select the countries based on the principle that the best practices of all continents should be represented. From Latin American countries, we studied the institutional arrangement of Mexico in the field of irrigation, from the European countries – the experience of Portugal, Croatia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Montenegro, Serbia, Romania and Ukraine; on the Eurasian continent target country was Russia, in the Caucasus - Armenia, in Asia Minor - Turkey, in the Middle East - Israel, in Asia - China, South Korea and Japan, on the Australian continent – Australia proper. Such variegated selection showed us the specifics of institutional structures in different countries, despite their varying development histories and paths taken in the field of irrigation and drainage. From the point of view of institutional arrangement, several distinct classification markers have been identified, highlighting similarities between specific countries and allowing to group them according to these markers. In particular, we can group countries according to the type of institutional arrangement in terms of management - centralized or decentralized.
ANALYSIS OF THE REGIONAL STRUCTURE OF THE SMALL BUSINESS SECTOR OF GEORGIA
Authors:   Akaki Tsereteli State University, Kurdgelia Natia
Published: June 2024

After gaining independence, deepening and promoting business relations based on private property became the main priority of the country. In this regard, for a country of the size and economic potential of Georgia, one of the main vectors is aimed at the development of small enterprises. Over the past three decades, the development of this business sector has not been uniform and has been full of contradictions. The problem is real, therefore the presented article is devoted to the analysis of the regional structure of the small business sector in Georgia. In particular, along with the main indicators of the small business sector, the article discusses the related regional specificities, such as data analysis of the turnover of production in small enterprises, output of products, added value, fixed capital, distributed profit and employment, which are also considered in terms of types of economic activity. All of the above above-mentioned factors lend relevance to the presented paper. Economic reforms since gaining independence have always implied the promotion of small business development. Accordingly, the scale of small business development was changing, and at one or another stage of economic development, the specificities of the regional development of this sector were identified. Small enterprises play an important role in employment and, therefore, in solving socio-economic problems. Almost 40% of those engaged in business are employed in this sector. The research revealed that: The average monthly wage of employees in small business is still low, and is 74% of the national average. Asymmetry in the average monthly wage of employees is observed between the capital and regions. The indicator of the regions is only 46-60% of the data of Tbilisi; We believe that the asymmetric development of the regions and the inequality are due to the asymmetry of the development of small businesses in the regions, which is manifested in specific indicators; According to the types of economic activity, enterprises of the small business sector in different regions are characterized by different workloads. Small enterprises in the capital have a relatively low specific share of the turnover of production in the business sector, while in small regions this indicator is 4-5 times higher; It is noteworthy that small businesses are an important segment of employment (310.4 thousand people), which employs as many people as large businesses in the country. The fixed capital of small enterprises is only one fifth of the total capital involved in the business, which causes a low rate of added value produced in this sector. In this regard, more support from the state is needed in the direction of fostering innovation.
SOME FORECASTING MODELS IN TOURISM (CASE OF GEORGIA)
Authors:   Akaki Tsereteli State University, Khasaia Izolda
Published: June 2024

In tourism, as in any other business, a responsible decision requires serious justification, since a mistake made in making a decision is associated with large financial losses. In such cases, it is necessary to turn to modeling the behavior of the economic system. In most cases, mathematical models are used, which save the researcher from the need to conduct expensive experiments. Tourism processes are usually dynamic, characterized by seasonality and trends. By analytically simplifying the dynamic rows, a certain model - a trend equation is built, which mathematically accurately describes the development trend of the event in time. The change in indicator levels can be described using a time function. Analytical smoothing method provides an opportunity to evaluate, mathematically describe and predict the event. This article discusses a forecasting model with a combination of moving average and regression analysis. The result of modeling on a specific numerical example - the dynamics of visits of foreign travelers to Georgia - indicates that this approach to building trend models provides a good degree of data approximation and forecasting. All calculations necessary to build the model are performed using Excel tools.
CALCULATION OF CUSTOMER SAVINGS USING THE DEFINITE INTEGRAL
Authors:   Business and Technology University, Lomtadze Maka
Published: June 2024

The article focuses on the application of mathematical methods in economics, in particular discussing economic problems that are easily solved using definite integral. The purpose of the article is to show students the way and opportunity to use mathematical methods to solve economic problems. To this end, the article discusses and analyzes several economic tasks in detail, which will be interesting and easy for students to master
THE ROLE OF CROSS-REGIONAL COOPERATION IN OVERCOMING INTRA-REGIONAL DISPROPORTIONS IN POST-CRISIS GEORGIA
Authors:   Kutaisi University, Iphshiradze Aza , Karchkhadze Salome ,   Kutaisi University
Published: June 2024

Regionalism and regional studies are one of the most topical issues and research directions at the current stage. Therefore, it is quite difficult to find an issue in the relevant space that has not yet been studied by Georgian or foreign researchers. However, it should be noted here that the rapidly changing world full of contradictions will constantly activate new challenges, which require re-examination of the problem that has been analyzed many times and its study in relation to the changed environmental conditions. The aim of the present paper was to study the discussions related to the expediency of further regionalization in Georgia, strengthening of inter-regional ties, and the analysis of the current processes, to determine the expediency of transforming its results into the reality of our country, to outline the future perspectives of rapid post-crisis rehabilitation and development, and to develop appropriate recommendations. In the process of working on this article, as methodological material, the authors reviewed research papers, analytical materials, reports and regulatory documents of governmental or international organizations, and others that were related to the problem posed in the paper. We paid special attention to the examples of the Baltic states, the Scandinavian countries, and the Eastern Partnership countries, because we think that studying and sharing their experiences can positively affect the development and implementation of relevant policies in our country, in one hand, and the outline of the perspectives of regional cooperation, in other hand.