bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Microorganism from Integrated Processing Mixed Sheep Feces and Rice Straw as Starter Culture
Authors: Hidayati Y A , Nurrachma S , Juanda W
Published: October 2019

This study aims to determine the potential of microorganism in processing of mixed sheep feces and rice straw, used as a starter in the preservation of forage feed. The method is, in the 1st phase with 3 treatments of carbon and nitrogen ratio with 6 repetitions and the 2nd phase with 3 treatments of molasses in the base medium, which are grouped in dry matter content with 6 replications. The results of the 1st phase showed the preferred treatment of T2 (C/N ratio 30) yielded an initial number of bacteria of 2.87 x 1014 cfu/g and fungi 9.6 x 1013 cfu/g, and decreased into 4.2x 1010 cfu/g and 3.7 x 1011 cfu/g, respectively. At the end of initial degradation, bacteria identified were Bacillus sp and fungi identified were Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus glaucus, Aspergillus terreus, Rizophus sp. The results of the 2nd phase showed that the highest bacterial colonies were achieved in T2 with DM3 of 38 x 106 cfu / ml and the bacterial consortium identified were Bacillus sp and Lactobacillus sp. The number and types of bacterial consortium isolated and identified in the liquid medium can be used as a starter in the preservation of forage feed.
Luteinizing Hormone Receptor Gene Polymorphism of Pasundan Cattle in Ciamis
Authors: Arifin D N , Said S , Sumantri C , Putra W P B , Hadi D N
Published: October 2019

Pasundan cattle is a local livestock that has lived and well adapted in West Java. In 2015, the population declined by 20.96% caused by the high selling prices and changes in land functions. The impact of declining of the population can causes genetic degradation indirectly. One of the efforts to increase the population is selection of cattle based on luteinizing hormone receptor gene polymorphism that can used as molecular selection for reproductive traits. Thirty seven heads of Pasundan cattle with artificial insemination calving records was used in this study. The exon 11 of LHR gene was amplified and subsequently analysed by sequencing method. The sequencing result were found three genotypes of CC, CT and TT in SNP g.1337C>T. The frequency of T allele (0.527) shows more dominant over C allele (0.473). The chi square test showed that Pasundan cattle were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The heterozygosity value of Ho (0.513) indicating that the heterozygosity value of the LHR gene belongs to high category (>50%). The high genetic diversity of the Pasundan cattle population indicates that there has not been selection program yet. The results of this study can be used as a reference to continue the selection program improving genetic quality in the reproductive traits of Pasundan cattle.
Localization of Plasma Membrane Calcium ATPase 2 and 4 (PMCA2 and PMCA4) in Chicken Sperm
Authors: Setiawan R , Priyadarshana C , Tajima A , Ishikawa N , Asano A
Published: October 2019

Calcium ions play important roles in several cellular processes including signalling pathway, membrane fusion and cell adhesion. In sperm, it is known that intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) regulates acrosome exocytosis and flagellar motility. [Ca2+]i is generally regulated by influx and efflux of calcium ion. Plasma membrane calcium ATPase (PMCA) pumps the [Ca2+]i excess, providing a fine-tuning of [Ca2+]i concentration for sperm functions. To date, information related PMCA family in chicken sperm is still not documented yet. Therefore, this study was subjected to characterize expression and localization of PMCA family in chicken sperm. In this study, we selected PMCA2 and PMCA4 as representative to a specific tissue and a housekeeping isoform, respectively. Immunohistochemistry of PMCA2 and PMCA4 in chicken testis showed that both transmembrane proteins are expressed at the edge adluminal of the seminiferous tubule, indicating that these proteins are present in morphologically matured sperm that completed spermatogenesis. This was confirmed by immunocytochemistry, showing that PMCA2 and PMCA4 are highly enriched in the midpiece of chicken sperm. Furthermore, sub-cellular fractionation, combined with western blotting, showed that both isoforms are exclusively found in the membrane fraction of the sperm, together suggesting both PMCA are localized to the plasma membrane overlaying midpiece.
Diversity of morphological characters of 30 local torch ginger accessions from Pangandaran of West Java of Indonesia
Authors: Hidayat C , Chaidir L , Supriadin A , Kurahman O T , Mulya A M
Published: October 2019

Torch ginger (Etlingera spp.) is one of the herbal plants native to Indonesia that has long been known and used as medicines. Exploration on torch ginger plant needs to be done to conservate and determine genetic diversity. Study of genetic diversity torch ginger in the district of Pangandaran is important because as long as there has been no study in depth the potential of genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationship germplasm of torch ginger Genetic diversity based on this research had a proportion of 47% of the total of 100% in the PC1-PC3 was based on the analysis Principal Component Analysis (PCA) with the character influencing that form clumps, line leaf midrib, plant height, stem diameter, leaf length, color scales rhizome, stem color, rhizome and the leaf base forms. Based on the results of the genetic diversity cluster analysis found that narrow torch ginger euclidean indicated by coefficient of 0.79 and was divided into six clusters. Accession which had the closest kinship i.e. accession N1 from Cikadu subdistrict of Cintakarya and accession N2 from Cikoang subdistrict of Cintakarya, while accession with the farthest kinship namely accession N29 from Jangraga subdistrict of Mangunjaya with range euclidean of 0.79.
Remote Sensing Data, Landsat 8 Oli / Tirs For Identification of Evapotranspiration Spatial Distribution in Sub DAS Cisangkuy West Java Indonesia
Authors: Kendarto D R , Asdak C , Hapsari A
Published: October 2019

The Cisangkuy sub-watershed area, West Java is mostly up land farming. In the dry season the region often experiences drought. Efforts to anticipate regional drought can be done by calculating the balance of water availability of the region. One of the most important water balance calculation parameters is evapotranspiration. Direct evapotranspiration measurements in the field represent actual circumstances, but for large areas require large and long-term costs. One way to get regional evapotranspiration data is by reducing evapotranspiration information from remote sensing data. LANDSAT 8 OLI / TIRS satellite imagery is one of the resource satellites commonly used in agriculture. This study aims to determine the estimated value of evapotranspiration in the sub area of Cisangkuy watershed using LANDSAT 8 OLI / TIRS satellite imagery. The method used in this research is the energy balance model with descriptive analysis. The results showed that the highest value of evapotranspiration on August 17 in Cisangkuy Sub-Basin area in mixed forest was 4,190 mm / day. The results of data reliability analysis using root mean square (RMS) error indicate that satellite image can be used to identify evapotranspiration in Cisangkuy sub watershed with RMS error value of 1.124. The RMS value is still smaller than the average evapotranspiration field measurement difference, so it can be said that the evapotranspiration estimation is accurate.
Effect of P-Fertilizer and Organic Matter to Value of pH and pHo, P-avaibility, and Yeild of Mieze in Andisols from Pangalengan West Java
Authors: Arifin M , Sandrawati A , Setiawan A , Devnita R , Trinurani E , Yuniarti A
Published: October 2019

One of the problems in the utilization of Andisols for agriculture is their high retention of phosphate by allophane mineral which has variable charge. Such phenomenon can be reduced by giving high phosphate fertilizer or increasing organic matters. This research aimed to understand the effect of dose of P fertilizer and types and dose of organic matter fertilizers to reduce P-Retention and soil pH0 on Andisols planted with sweet corn, so the efficiency of phosphate fertilizer utilization could be achieved. This research was conducted in glasshouse experiments using Completely Randomized Design respectively. The result showed there were no interaction effects between phosphate and organic matters on P retention, P total, P availability, P uptake, pH and pH0. Optimal dose of phosphate fertilizers for sweet corn was 45 kg/ha P2O5 for all organic matter fertilizers.
The Effect of Rice Husk Silicate Extract on Plant Height, Electrical Conductivity and pH of Paddy Hydroponics
Authors: Frasetya B , Subandi M , Ginandjar S , Setiati Y
Published: October 2019

Fluctuations in rice production due to conversion of paddy field to other various land use defected the rice production in Indonesia, and in turn it may endanger the food security. Efforts to utilize hydroponics as a technology of vegetable production in limited land availability has developed. However, the practice of hydroponics in rice plants is still limited due to the availability of special nutrient. This study aims to determine the benefits of silicate rice husk extract on the growth of rice hydroponics. The research design used was complete randomized block design. The observed growth parameters are : plant height, electrical conductivity of nutrients and pH. The observed data were analyzed using variance analysis. If the results of variance analysis are significant, the analysis will be proceed with Duncan multiple range test. The results showed that application of rice husk silica extract of 20 ml/L through leaves gave the same response with sodium silicate (Na2O3Si) application through nutrient solution, but had significant effect on the change of electrical conductivity value and pH of nutrient solution. The results showed that silicates derived from organic materials can replace the role of silicates derived from inorganic materials on paddy hydroponic.
Duckweed Quality Improvement Through Fermentation Using Trichoderma harzianum and Saccharomyces cerevisiae on Dry Matter, Ash and Crude Fat
Authors: Setiyatwan H , Harlia E , Rusmana D
Published: October 2019

Duckweed has been used as animal feed which contains high nutrients, ie proteins and amino acids, but the water content is high. This is a limitation in its use Therefore, research was conducted to improve dry matter, mineral content and lower duckweed crude fat content. Duckweed fermentation is divided into two stages, firstly, Trichoderma harzianum (Th) (3x107 spores/100 grams substrate) with added ZnCO3 (186 ppm) and dl-methionine (286 ppm), secondly, Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Sc) (3x107 spores/100 grams of a substrate). Completed randomized design (CRD) was used in experimental design with 20 experimental units, the treatments consist of P1 (Fermentation using Th for 1day continued with Sc for 9 days), P2 (Th for 3 days continued with Sc for 7 days), P3 (Th 5 days continued with Sc 5 days), P4 (Th 7 days continued with Sc 3 days), P5 (Th 9 days continued with Sc 1 day) with four replications. Analysis of variance was conducted to know the treatment effect, then followed by the Duncan test to know the difference between treatments. Fermentation using Th and Sc has a significant effect (P<0.05) on dry matter, ash, and crude fat in the duckweed. The best duration of fermentation is Th for 3 days and Sc for 7 days (P2) that increasing dry matter (92.95%) and ash (21.35%), and lower crude fat (2.37%). Duckweed fermentation with the combination of Th for 3 days and continued Sc for 7 days with added dl-methionine and Zn yield the highest dry matter and ash content, and lowest crude fat contents.
Relationship of Free Fatty Acid and Natural Autoantibodies 2 Weeks Postpartum
Authors: Mayasari N , Chen J , Kemp B , Parmentier H , Van Knegsel A
Published: October 2019

Natural autoantibodies (NAAb) have been found in plasma and milk of dairy cows. Natural autoantibodies maintain homeostasis and may prevent infections. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between concentration of plasma free fatty acid (FFA) and the levels of NAAb in plasma binding glutamate dehydrogenase (GD) and carbonic anhydrase (CA) in cows 2 weeks after calving. In total, 55 Holstein-Friesian dairy with 60-d dry period lengths and fed 2 early lactation diets (glucogenic or lipogenic). Blood was sampled at week 1 and 2 after calving. Result showed that from week 1 and 2 relative to calving, levels of IgG and IgM binding CA were positively related with concentration of FFA in plasma. Levels of IgM binding GD were negatively related with concentration of FFA in plasma. It is concluded that IgG and IgM binding CA in plasma might be an indicator for energy status and reflect metabolic status in dairy cows 2 weeks after calving.
Effects of Addition of Noni Fruit Juice (Morinda Citrifolia) Into Drinking Water on Final Body Weight, Carcass Percentage, Abdominal Fat and Meat Cholesterol of Sentul Debu Chicken Phase Growth
Authors: Widjastuti T , Abun  , Setiawan I , Indrawati
Published: October 2019

The purpose of research to determine the effect of addition Noni fruit juice into drinking water on body weight, percentage of carcass, abdominal fat and meat cholesterol on sentul debu chicken phase growth. The research used 120 day old chicks of Sentul chicken and were raised until 12 weeks old. The research were conducted using a completely randomized design with six levels of noni fruit juice into the drinking water, P0 (without the addition of noni juice into drinking water), P1 (1 ml of noni juice/1 liter of drinking water), P2 (2 ml of noni juice/1 liter of drinking water), P3 (3 ml of noni juice/1 liter of drinking water, P4 (4 ml of noni juice/1 liter of drinking water and P5 (5 ml of noni juice/1 liter of drinking water) and four replications, each replication consisted of five sentul chickens. The observed variables were final body weight, carcass percentage, abdominal fat and meat cholesterol on sentul chicken. Data were statistically analyzed for variance using a Duncan’s Multiple Range test. The results showed that the addition of noni juice until 3 ml/1liter into drinking water gave no significant effect on the final body weight, percentage of carcass and abdominal fat and meat cholesterol,but the addition of noni juice 4 -5 ml into drinking water was decreases the final body weight, carcass percentage and meat cholesterol of sentul chicken. It can be concluded that the addition of noni juice into drinking until 3 ml/1 liter the best result on final body weight, carcass percentage, abdominal fat and meat cholesterol Sentul Debu chicken phase growth.
Allelopathic Screening of Several Weed Species as Potential Bioherbicides
Authors: Erida G , Saidi N , Hasanuddin  , Syafruddin
Published: October 2019

Many plants that are considered to be weeds have the potential to exhibit allelopathy; they might therefore be used as a herbicides to control other weeds. The aim of this study was to identify the best potential bioherbicide against spiny Amaranthus spinosus growth at various concentrations from among five weed species: Imperata cylindrica, Cyperus rotundus, Chromolaena odorata, Ageratum conyzoides, and Axonopus compressus. The study followed a non-factorial, completely randomized design, examining 17 treatments with three replicates. Extracts of the leaves, tuber, and/or rhizome of the five sample plants were obtained using maceration and were applied to the indicator weed A. spinosus at concentrations of 10%, 20% and 30%. A synthetic herbicide (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid at 0.686 kg/ha) was used as a positive control and distilled water as a negative control. The application of allelopathic extracts of the weeds at various concentrations significantly affected the height growth rate, the percentage of weed control, leaf area, root length, and shoot and root dry weight growth of A. spinosus. The greatest inhibition on A. spinosus growth at 7 days after application was observed with a 20% concentration of A. conyzoides, followed by 20% concentrations of C. rotundus, C. odorata.
Problems of Pests and Diseases on “Liberika Tungkal Komposit” Coffee in Peatlands, Jambi Province
Authors: Meilin A , Handoko S , Rubiana R , Rustam  , Endrizal
Published: October 2019

Coffee of Liberika Tungkal Komposit (Libtukom) is a superior commodity that adapts well to the peatlands in West Tanjung Jabung Regency, Jambi Province. Libtukom coffee, which has a distinctive flavor, is the main source of income for the community in Tanjung Jabung Barat Regency. The problems in the cultivation of Libtukom coffee include pests and diseases. This study aimed to provide information on the type of pests and diseases that attack Libtukom coffee. The study was conducted in March-September 2017. Data were obtained from direct observation (primary data) and other sources (secondary data). Data were analyzed descriptively. The results showed that some of the pests that attack Libtukom Coffee were coffee fruit borer, white lice, and stem borer, with intensity of mild-moderate attacks. Diseases that can infect leaves Libtukom Coffee were mainly (rust and red rust) and roots (root fungi). White root fungus attack is the main problem of Libtukom coffee in peatland, Jambi Province. Farmers generally recognize the root fungus infection, which was already found in more than 30% of the plant population.
Effects of Dosage and Application Frequency of Microbial Consortium Mixed with Animal Manure on Bacterial Wilt and Late Blight Diseases of Potato
Authors: Istifadah N , Fatiyah N , Fitriatin B N , Djaya L
Published: October 2019

Major constraints in potato production includes bacterial wilt disease (Ralstonia solanacearum) and late blight disease (Phytophthora infestans). To support environmentally-friendly agricultural system, a microbial consortium containing Trichoderma harzianum, Bacillus subtilis and non pathogenic Pseudomonas sp. has been studied for biocontrol plant diseases in horticultural crops. For application, the microbial consortium was mixed with organic matters (10%, v/v). The objective of this research was to obtain dosage and application frequency of microbial consortia mixed with chicken manure for controlling bacterial wilt disease and their effects on airborne disease, late blight disease, in potato. The experimental design used was Randomized complete design with 10 treatments and three replications. The treatments consisted of application of the mixture in planting hole at the dosage of 25, 50 or 100 g solely or in combination with drenching the water suspension of the mixture weekly or every two weeks. The results showed that the dosage and application frequency of the microbial consortia mixed with chicken manure influenced their abilities in suppressing the bacterial wilt disease in potato. The application of the mixture at planting hole with the dosage of 50 g per plant followed by drenching the water suspension of the mixture every week suppressed the bacterial wilt disease by 75.0 - 81.9%.
The Effect of Ozone to The Characteristic of Peeled Onion during Storage at Low Temperature
Authors: Djali M , Setiasih I S , Sukarminah E , Rialita T , Cahyana Y , Andoyo R , Mardawati E , Hanidah I , Ihsan M M
Published: October 2019

The physical, chemical, microbiological and organoleptic characteristics of peeled onion have decreased during storage. The alternative technology to maintain the characteristics of peeled onion was ozonation technology. The aim of this research was to determine the characteristic of peeled shallot ?? (shallot or onion, should be consistent) which treated with or without ozone and its characteristics during storage at 5±20C. The ozonation used bubbling method with ozonizer TIP-01. The research method used was regression and correlation analysis. This experiment consisted of 4 treatments, without ozonation which was not packaged and packed with clingwrap plastic and 0,8 ppm ozonation result which was not packaged and packed with clingwrap plastic (should improve the English and rewrite again). The analysis was carried out for 15 days with intervals of time every 3 days. The results showed that the peeled red onion with ozone concentration of 0,8 ppm and packed in plastic clingwrap changed its physical characteristics, chemical, microbiological and organoleptic slower than the peeled onion without ozonation and packed with plastic clingwrap. The peeled Onion with ozonation of 0,8 ppm and packed with clingwrap plastic lost its weight by 4,51%. The color was bright brownish red (L*: 52,52, a*: 12,65, b*: -3,2), VRS levels decreased by 10,29 µgr/g and the total number of microorganisms decreased by 1,17 log CFU/g. The overall color, aroma, and appearance were not favored by panelists with consecutive values of 2,80; 2,87; 3,0 respectively. The peeled Onion without ozonation that was not packed with clingwrap plastic experienced weight loss by 12.30%. The color was bright red brown (L*: 60, a*: 8,34, b*: -065). VRS levels decreased by 7,78 µg/g and the total number of microorganisms increased by 9,38 log CFU/g. The overall Color, aroma, appearance was not favored by panelists with consecutive values of 1,73; 1,87; 1,73 consecutively.
Fresh Cheese Probiotic with Local Isolate Lactobacillus casei 2.12 as starter in fermentation
Authors: Putranto W S , Suhartono M T , Kusumaningrum H D , EGiriwono P , Mustopa A Z , Suradi K , Chairunnisa H
Published: October 2019

The local isolates of Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) have not been optimally developed in the cheese making process. The aim of this research was to know the clotting activity and the percentage and characteristics of curd produced during milk fermentation using local isolate of BAL L casei 2.12. The results showed that during 12 hours incubation the value of milk clotting activity (MCA) was 8.33 SU / mL, the curd percentage was 12.5% (w / v) with curd firmness (++++) very good and Total Plate Count 1.14. 109 cfu / g. These results indicate the use of L casei 2.12 as a starter LAB probiotic capable of causing coagulation of casein and produce fresh cheese probiotic.
A Study of Effect Agribusiness Micro Finance for Beef Cattle Farmers in South Sulawesi Indonesia
Authors: Asnawi A , Amrawaty A A , Nirwana
Published: October 2019

The low access to finance institution is one of the obstacles faced by beef cattle farmers in the rural area. The cause were the high interest rates, collateral, lack of information, inadequate credit supply, long procedures and a relatively long distance between farmers and finance institution. The existence of Agribusiness Micro finance Institutions in Indonesia is one of the steps taken to overcome the constraints access financing faced by the community in the rural area. The study examined the effect of Agribusiness Micro finance Institution beef cattle farmers in rural areas in South Sulawesi. The study used descriptive research. The convenient sampling procedure was used to select eighty beef cattle farmers. Data were generated through questionnaire and interview, then used descriptive and descriptive statistics analysis. The findings in this study were agrobusiness microfinance institutions increasing access to capital for beef cattle farmers, empowering farmer group members and increasing their involvement in farmer group activities, raising farmers awareness to allocate their savings for farmers group interest. Thus the micro agribusiness microfinance institution has had a positive impact on the economic life of the community farmer in the rural area.
Consumption Patterns of Urban Household: Case in Sarimas Regency, Sukamiskin, Bandung
Authors: Hapsari H , Sukayat Y , Djuwendah E , Deliana Y , Sulistyowati L
Published: October 2019

Red chili was a strategic food commodity. Demand for red chili tends to increase, while production and prices fluctuate so as to affect the inflation rate was quite significant. Information about red chili consumer behavior can be used for product planning and price control. The purpose of this research was to know (1) the characteristics of red chili consumers, (2) the consumption pattern of red chili on household, and (3) the correlation between consumer characteristic and red chili consumption pattern. The research method was descriptive survey. Data collection with structured interviews and observation. Data analysis with cross tabulation and chi-square correlation test. Respondents were 69 housewives. The results showed all respondents used red chili for daily cooking. Average family income was 3-5 million/month. The pattern of red chili consumption was relatively stable on ordinary days and increased on feast days. There was a significant correlation between the number of families and the spicy taste with the consumption of red chili.
Value Chain Financing in Coffee Agribusines (the Case of a Cooperative in Pangalengan, West Java, Indonesia)
Authors: Karyani T , Djuwendah E , Kusno K , Hermita A S
Published: October 2019

Economic globalization encourages coffee farmers to prepare themselves to adapt and compete. In dealing with this issue, Margamulya Coffee Farmer Group has transformed into a cooperative under the name of the Margamulya Coffee Producers Cooperative (MCPC). MCPC sold 80% of its coffee production to PT Taman Delta Indonesia (PT TDI) and was committed to its permanent supplier. In fulfilling its role as coffee suppliers, farmers were faced with a lot of capital needs to produce quality coffee. MCPC needs capital to pay farmers cherry as well as processing and marketing costs. This study aims to describe the coffee value chain in MCPC, to identify the perpetrators and their business processes, and to design financing pattern suitable for farmers and MCPC. The method used was case study at MCPC using value stream mapping technique. The results show that there are two value chains in coffee agribusiness in MCPC while the actors in the chain consist of Farmer-Cooperative-Exporter and Farmers-Cooperatives-Retail (café/others). The business process in farmers remained in coffee producing, while the cooperatives focused on processing and marketing. The result of this study shows that the proposed financing model of value chain financing for its success requires the involvement of stakeholders from outside the supply chain. Value chain financing for structured markets gives more guarantee of business sustainability due to market certainty and price. This encourages farmers to maintain both the quantity and quality of their coffee products.
Nutrients and Anti-nutrients Content Analysis of Bogor Taro Mutant Clone (Colocasia esculenta)
Authors: Nurilmala F , Mardiana D
Published: October 2019

Bogor Taro is an important local staple food, a potential substitute to rice as carbohydrate source in Indonesia. However, its production in the last decade tends to decline due to unsuccessful breeding program. Taro contains both nutrients (carbohydrate) and anti-nutrients, such as calcium oxalate that cause itching sensations when consumed. At present, through somaclonal variation technology by gamma radiation, six mutant-clones have been produced. We investigated technology to improve carbohydrate content and to depress calcium oxalate on the six mutant-clones available. We used iodometric titration to examine carbohydrate levels, permanganometric titration to measure calcium oxalate levels, argentometric titration to determine cyanide acid levels, and extraction method-gravimetric for saponins. We found, there were three mutant clones which have higher carbohydrate and lesser calcium oxalate content compared to the parent, namely B521 (5 Gy gamma radiation), B1023 (10 Gy gamma radiation) and B1511 (15 Gy gamma radiation) clones which will be proliferate to be a superior seeds.
Hydrodynamic design of rotor blades of marine current turbines
Authors: Arribas F Perez
Published: October 2019

The utilisation of marine current turbines with horizontal axis for electrical power production offers a sustainable and clean option to augment traditional energy technologies and enhance the expansion of renewable energies in the marine field. Some prototypes of these turbines are now available and operating. The advantages of tidal currents for renewable energies when compared with wind resources are that sea water is about 800 times denser that air (and the extracted energy is proportional to density) and the nature of currents that results in a more predictable resource than wind resources. But these advantages set certain limitations and technical problems, some of them related with the hydrodynamic design of rotor blades since the design of a marine turbine is some kind different of the techniques used for wind turbines. Methodologies need be established to describe the physical and operational performance of the turbines, allowing their design to be investigated and performance evaluated. This paper describes the hydrodynamics of rotor design that is projected in order to extract the maximum power from the tide. The blade element momentum theory is used for the rotor modelling, different aspects and limitations of this approach when applied to marine rotor design are commented, and examples are presented.
Solar Water Purification at Night: design of a suitable heat pump
Authors: Alkilani F M , Kanyarusoke K E
Published: October 2019

This paper is about a method to enhance solar water still productivities we build on previous efforts by the Solar Engineering team at our university and on those by others elsewhere, to introduce a design that enables sustained solar distillation even in cloudy and night time conditions. Water is a most essential requisite for life as we know it on this planet. It plays a crucial role in the welfare of societies around the globe and affects the sustenance and stabilization of every living thing. However, despite the fact that it covers 70% of the Earth’s surface, only 2.5% of what is available, is suitable for human consumption. The balance 97.5% is either too salty or too contaminated. Even the 2.5% can be subject to micro-bio contamination during the collection, distribution and storage stages. It is therefore imperative to decontaminate it before drinking it. Because previous work on solar water purification relied only on the thermal effect of sunlight, it suffered serious loss of productivity during cloudy and night time conditions. Also, the purifiers had big thermal inertias because of the high specific heat capacity of water, leading to delayed onset of distillation when the sun reappeared. In the present work, we address these problems by use of supplementary heating from stored solar energy in form of electricity, but this time enhanced by the heat pump effect of refrigeration systems. Moreover, the design introduced, significantly lowers the top glazing temperature, increasing distillation rate, while also reducing energy losses to the atmosphere. Preliminary results from the prototype show a more than 100% rise of daily pure water collection at a heat pumping coefficient of performance varying between 2.3 and 4.1. It is concluded that this is a significant contribution to the technology of solar water purification.
Design and Performance of a 1.5 axis Sun tracking Concentrated Photovoltaic System
Authors: Nteka N E , Kanyarusoke K E
Published: October 2019

This paper reports the design and testing of a concentrated solar photovoltaic thermal (CSPVT) system. The system consists of the PV panel, its cooling system, the parabolic concentrator, and the sun tracking mechanism. Photo Voltaic Thermal (PVT) systems are already a promising technique for improving energy yields and efficiencies of PV panels. The current work adds a concentration effect to make further improvements, especially on yields. Unlike the case of other research which uses plane mirrors along the sides of PV panels, this work employs a single parabolic reflector of concentration ratio 1.3, integrated with the panel mounting. A cooling system is also integrated with the mounting, so that the specially designed sun tracking mechanism turns the entire assembly, keeping both panel and reflector facing the sun without affecting the coolant flow in the adjoining pipes. This is one of the novelties of this work. We use vertical axis tracking but with seasonal adjustment of tilt. Hence the 1.5 axis in the title of this paper. Southern hemisphere spring tests in Cape Town showed a 60.2% electric power gain when compared with yields from an identical fixed panel. We also develop and test a MATLAB program using actual weather data for the experimentation period, and do a TRNSYS simulation using the software’s embedded TMY (typical meteorological year) weather data for the period. We find MATLAB results to be closer to experimental ones, while TRNSYS ones are not far out on totals. We conclude that CSPVT has much potential to increase both yields and efficiencies. In addition, we suggest that TRNSYS simulation would probably be most useful in cases where actual weather data is not available.
The development and application of voltage summation method with voltage transformers for determining ratio errors in power frequency
Authors: Wang L R
Published: October 2019

The ratio error of a standard voltage transformer must be determined by metrological method. This article introduces and illustrates the principles of series-parallel summation method in 1954, and the bilateral series summation method in 1988 along with the bilateral series summation method with series type voltage transformers in 2006 and 2008. Benefited from the improvement of voltage summation circuits and facilities the errors of voltage ratios at 1000 kV/√3 and below have been derived in this way. The uncertainties of all ratios at and below 1000 kV/√3 are less than 4×10−5 (P=95%). For eliminating the errors caused by imperfect shielding and proximity effect, the theory of response superposition with a three ports network was presented and realized in 2012 on voltage summation operation. The results obtained by response superposition method were satisfactory. For instance, the uncertainty at ratio 500kV/√3 over 100V/√3 decreased from 15×10−6 to 7×10−6 (P=95%).
Design and experimental study of thermal storage PV/T/PCM solar collector
Authors: He Y T , Xiao L X , Wang F Y , Wang J Q
Published: October 2019

In order to improve photoelectric thermal characteristics and practicability of PV/T collectors, a thermal storage PV/T/PCM solar collector was designed. Flexible copper indium gallium diselenide (CIGS) solar cells was applied in the collector to relieve the impact of operating temperature rise of the heat absorbing plate on the conversion efficiency of the solar cells, and solid phase change material was prepared to simplify integration process of the PV/T/PCM collector. In the meantime, PV/T/PCM solar collector system prototype was designed. The experimental results showed that the temperature of the absorber plate and solar cells of PV/T/PCM system was reduced by 15°C and 20°C respectively compared with PV/T system, while thermal efficiency was increased by 21%. Meanwhile, in PV/T/PCM, the absorber plate had a lower temperature than the solar cells, which thus achieved the purpose of reducing the influence of the absorber plate on solar cells temperature. In addition, the solar cells output power of the PV/T/PCM collector system was increased by 6.7% compared to PV/T collector system.
Establishment and analysis of micro-net model considering the enhancement of photovoltaic power utilization for air-source heat pump
Authors: Tian X Q , Xu T , Wang K X , Zhu T , Wang X L
Published: October 2019

Since the stability of the power grid and the quality of electricity supply can be affected, the intermittent and unpredictable features make the renewable energy generation cannot be absorbed by the power grid easily and completely. “Abandoning the wind and solar power” phenomenon also becomes more serious in recent years. As an efficient thermoelectric conversion device, the heat pump system can couple thermal energy and electricity to eliminate excess electricity of the system theoretically. However, the influence of the heat pump technology on the microgrid system which needs to be analysed case by case lacks a unified evaluation method. Therefore, based on the Energy PLAN, an energy microgrid model of an ecological region in Qingdao is established to study the impact on the renewable energy integration and the enhancement of renewable energy utilization through applying the air-source heat pump system. The simulation results showed that the maximum photovoltaic penetration rate in the region is 19.23% initially. After applying the air-source heat pump, the photovoltaic capacity corresponding to the critical point of 100% renewable energy utilization is in direct proportion to the heat pump capacity. Additionally, the maximum photovoltaic penetrations can reach 25%. In this paper, we also propose relevant suggestions for the designing and building of the micro-net energy system.
Effectiveness evaluation method on construction of active distribution network based on public service value model
Authors: Zhou Y J , Fang R C , Xu J Y , Wang Y X , Lei H , He J F
Published: October 2019

Evaluating the construction effectiveness of active distribution network is the key point of coordinated development of distribution network. At present, effectiveness evaluation on the distribution network in domestic only focuses on output performance while leaves out of consideration of utilization efficiency of investment. Therefore, this paper presents a kind of effectiveness evaluation method for construction and updating of the active distribution network based on public service value model which could make an overall evaluation in two dimensions of output performance and cost efficiency. The evaluation results are comprehensively analyzed on the four quadrant diagram, and the evaluation conclusions and suggestions are put forward according to the quadrant of the evaluation objects. Finally, it verifies this evaluation method is scientific, reasonable and feasible in guiding construction investment of the power grid by applying the method in evaluating construction effectiveness of distribution networks in some areas of Hubei Province in China.
Analysis of a latent heat thermal energy storage unit with metal foam insert in both the HTF and PCM sides
Authors: Chen X , Xia X L , Wang F Q , Sun C , Liu R Q
Published: October 2019

Latent heat thermal energy storage (LHTES) systems using phase change material (PCM) have received significant research attention in numerous engineering fields. The transient heat transfer phenomenon inside a vertical LHTES unit is numerically investigated, with the paraffin as the PCM and water as the heat transfer fluid (HTF). As a performance enhancement technique, the metal foam insert is applied in both the HTF and PCM sides. The conjugate thermal model for the HTF/foam-wall-PCM/foam system is built, considering the non-equilibrium effect between the solid and fluid phases with two-temperature energy equation and the natural convection inside the PCM with Boussinesq approximation. The enthalpy-based method is employed to account for the solid-liquid phase change problem. The overall performance is compared with other three cases: no foam insert, foam insert in HTF side and foam insert in PCM side. Besides, parametric study is also conducted on the melting features, including the foam structural parameters and inlet conditions of HTF. The results show that foam insert in both sides accelerates the PCM melting effectively. The foam porosity and HTF inlet temperature play important roles in the overall heat transfer, whereas the pore density and HTF inlet velocity have limited effects on the melting rate. The findings can provide referential information for the design of a LHTES system.
Experimental study on gasification of bituminutesous coal char with CO2 catalysed by Fe (NO3)3
Authors: Suo X L , Wang D Y , Zhang G
Published: October 2019

Effect of transition metal Fe(come from analytically pure Fe(NO3)3·9H2O) on Jin Jie coal char isothermal gasification by carbon dioxide in the condition of normal pressure is investigated in a self-built fixed bed reactor. Experimental results show that the gasification activity of Jin Jie coal char increases with the increment of Fe, and the loading saturation level of Fe is 3%. Adding 3% Fe can reduce the gasification temperature by 90°C, and shorten the coal char gasification time by 95 minutesutes. The higher the gasification temperature, the greater the increase in gasification activity factor K and average gasification rate Rm. The parameter K and Rm reach the maximum at 3% catalyst addition at the same gasification temperature. Under a regime constant by chemical reaction, the reaction activation energy and the pre-exponential factor and reaction rate constant are calculated. The reaction rate constan of char loaded Fe increases around three times, and the activation energy constants with the raw char.
Analysis of the stage group efficiency of steam turbine based on the unified model for coal-fired power unit
Authors: Guo J L , Chang H , Zhang R C , Shi Y
Published: October 2019

During actual operation of the unit, the group efficiency inevitably deviates from the design value and influences the unit heat consumption rate. This paper conduct a series of turbine stage efficiency analysis of the influence of unit energy consumption based on the basic equations for economic analysis, combined with the variable condition of steam turbine model. 1000 MW unit produced by DFSTW as the research object, this paper calculates the load of several groups of different stage group efficiency, and the amount of change of the unit coal consumption. Summarizing, this paper analyses the stage group efficiency influence on the power supply coal consumption rate of the unit, and the variation of stage group efficiency influence on the unit energy consumption with the load change. The results can provide great reference for the operation optimization of thermal power unit.
Core physics calculation study of miniature lead-bismuth cooled nuclear reactor
Authors: Lao X S , Lin Y S , Dai C H , Liu C L , Lyu W J
Published: October 2019

Aiming at the application environment of small marine nuclear power platform, a 1MW Lead-Bismuth cooled nuclear reactor design scheme was proposed. The Monte Carlo method was used to calculate the reactor core physical parameters. 469 core fuel rods were arranged in 13 turns and 90% enriched UO2 fuel loading meet the power operation of nearly 10 years, and the core size meets the environmental requirements. The calculation results of fuel consumption show that after each loading, the reactor can run continuously for 1 year at 1 MW power. The radial density and axial flux density distribution and power distribution gradient trend of the core are reasonable, indicating that the design scheme can meet the requirements of small ships. Nuclear power platform use requirements.
The synthetic evaluation and analysis on technology of energy saving reform for existing public buildings in Shanghai Area
Authors: Qu Y , Liu Y D , Hu G X
Published: October 2019

Nowadays, a large proportion of old buildings in Shanghai area cannot satisfy the energy efficiency standards, thus the reform of existing buildings still plays an important role in the process of achieving energy saving target. However, the systematic study and evaluation of corresponding technology and those completed demonstration projects is lacked, which has affected the clear and reasonable understanding of government and related owners about the effectiveness of those reform projects as well as the investment payback. In view of this, a synthetic study was carried out to investigate the characteristic of energy consumption for public buildings in Shanghai firstly. Then a deep analysis was conducted on the energy-saving reform technologies involved in those projects, including usage frequency, energy-saving ratio and economic performance. The results show that the demonstration projects have good economic efficiency. The average static and dynamic payback period are 2.69 and 3.15 respectively. Among public buildings, hotel and shopping mall have a higher energy saving potential and better investment returns. Some involved technologies have good cost performance, such as LED light, pump frequency conversion, air source heat pump, glass filming and free cooling. This study could provide support for relevant owners and policy-making of governments.
Analysis on operation reliability of wind power units in China
Authors: Han Q , Liu Z L , Liu S L , Xu N
Published: October 2019

As an important direction of renewable energy, wind energy has developed rapidly, but there are also many problems. The reliability of wind turbines has received wide attention. This paper mainly studies and analyzes the development of wind turbines, basic structure, operation and maintenance of the unit, and then puts forward suggestions for improving the reliability of wind turbines in China.
Analysis of blockage reasons of air preheater based on big data
Authors: Gai Z J , Zhang G
Published: October 2019

With the rapid development of Internet and computer technology, the era of big data has arrived. With the increasingly high degree of automation in the power industry, data mining technology and cloud computing technology are continuously developing in the power industry to deal with massive operational data. Supervisory Information System (SIS) and Distributed Control System (DCS) have been widely used in power plants, which enables massive operation data of power plants to be saved. As data mining technology rises rapidly in the power industry, many scholars begin to use data mining technology to study and solve problems encountered in power plants. Air preheater is a kind of heat exchange equipment which USES the waste heat of flue gas to heat the air needed for boiler combustion. The air preheater can recover the heat of flue gas, reduce the temperature of smoke exhaust and improve the efficiency of boiler. In recent years, the phenomenon of air-preheater clogging is increasing. Based on big data theory, this paper investigated 26 thermal power generating units - a total of 52 air preheaters with a capacity of 300∼600MW, and applied the neural network Modeling method to the air preheater clogging reasons identification system. So we can find out the clogging reasons of air preheaters timely and accurately, slow down and avoid the clogging of air preheater.
Functional orientation analysis of primary frequency regulation and inertia control of DFIG
Authors: Liu H M , Yang S X , Zhu C L , Yin W Q , Hou Y H
Published: October 2019

With the penetration of wind power increasing continuously, the inertia and the capability of primary frequency regulation of grid are declining. To deal with this problem effectively, additional primary frequency regulation control and inertia control adopted in wind turbines are necessary. However, at present, the functional orientation of primary frequency regulation control and inertia control is still unclear. It is urgent to clarify the difference between the two kinds of control methods and to make clear the demand of power grid for them. In this paper, based on analysis of main methods of primary frequency regulation and inertia control of doubly-fed induction generators (DFIG), the functional orientation distinction between inertia support function and primary frequency regulation function is studied from perspective of control principles and control results. The different effectiveness of different control functions on the frequency regulation process in different scenarios are analyzed by simulations.