bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Custom integration of a magnetic‐field monitoring system into a 32‐channel MRI head coil
Authors: Schmidt Tim , Lee Yoojin , Nagy Zoltan
Published: September 2024

Purpose

Customizing a Siemens 32‐channel coil for use in a Philips 3T MRI system with incorporated magnetic field probes for collecting high‐quality MRI and magnetic‐field monitoring data concurrently.

Methods

The development process of the custom coil involved several (iterative) phases. Standard temporal SNR and B1+ data were collected with the 32‐channel Siemens and for reference the 32‐channel/8‐channel Philips head coils before and after the custom coil was made compatible with the 3T Philips Achieva system, and magnetic field probes were installed into it along with ancillary electronics around it. Quality assurance tests were conducted in each of the build phases to ensure that the modifications did not affect MRI or field‐monitoring data negatively. To test the finished custom coil, we collected high angular resolution diffusion imaging (HARDI) datasets on a spherical silicon oil phantom both with and without concurrent field monitoring and a 32‐channel Philips coil without concurrent field monitoring, where the latter two served as reference scans to assess the improved performance of the custom coil with field monitoring. Similar HARDI‐MRI data were also collected in vivo with the finished custom coil together with field monitoring data.

Results

The custom coil provided excellent temporal SNR especially at the edges where cortical gray matter is expected. When using concurrent field monitoring in HARDI acquisitions, the custom coil alleviated ghosting artifacts in phantom data and provided in vivo images with 1.4‐mm isotropic resolution.

Conclusion

The custom MRI coil with integrated magnetic‐field monitoring probes provided improved imaging performance.
Physiotherapists' Treatment Strategies and Delineation of Areas of Responsibility for People With Musculoskeletal Conditions and Comorbidities in Private Physiotherapy Practice: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Lyhnebeck Anna Bernhardt , Risør Mette Bech , Guassora Ann Dorrit , Andersen John Sahl , Skou Søren T.
Published: September 2024

Background

Patients with multiple chronic conditions, for example, musculoskeletal conditions and comorbidities, often receive inadequate and sometimes even contradictory care. Physiotherapists are well qualified to manage patients with musculoskeletal conditions and comorbidities due to their education and experience with rehabilitation; however, it is unknown which challenges they face when treating these patients.

Aim

To identify challenges, treatment strategies, and delineations of areas of responsibility among physiotherapists working in private physiotherapy practice when treating people with musculoskeletal conditions and comorbidities.

Methods

Qualitative study using focus group discussions and participant observations of 13 physiotherapists working in Danish private physiotherapy clinics. Grounded theory was applied to guide the analysis.

Results

Two major themes emerged from the focus groups and the observations (1) The necessity of adapting management to the patients and their treatment trajectory; (2) The dilemma of overall responsibility for coordinating care. The physiotherapists described different elements of adapting their management, including being challenged on time, taking extra care of the patient, and having to adjust to a fluctuating course of treatment. The dilemma in coordinating care concerned whether the responsibility should lie with the physiotherapist, other healthcare professionals, or the patients, and whether to treat only the condition on the referral or to treat all the conditions the patient had.

Conclusion

Physiotherapists use adapted strategies for diagnosing and treating patients with musculoskeletal conditions and comorbidities and are uncertain about the overall responsibility for coordinating care and whether they should focus on the index condition alone or also the other comorbidities the patient has.
Escape the classroom: Wissenschaft interaktiv
Authors: Rubner Isabel , Ditter David , Weiser David , Ditter Rebekka , Lukas Sarah
Published: September 2024

Im Projekt Science4Exit sind experimentelle Escape Games digital angereichert. Schüler:innen machen sich so spielerisch mit naturwissenschaftlichen Themen vertraut und stärken dabei Schlüsselkompetenzen. Betreut werden sie von Studierenden, die dadurch Erfahrungen für den Lehrberuf sammeln.
Für Chemie und Pharma formulieren
Authors: Huck Mathias
Published: September 2024

Software hilft, etwa Medikamente oder Reinigungsmittel zu entwickeln und die Rezepte zu aktualisieren. Ein Beispiel aus der Beschichtungsindustrie zeigt einen Ansatz, der mit künstlicher Intelligenz arbeitet und sich an Unternehmensbedürfnisse anpassen lässt.
Blickpunkt Nachwuchs: Baukunst mit dem Molekül des Lebens
Authors: Heuer‐Jungemann Amelie
Published: September 2024

Die DNA taugt zu mehr als nur zur α‐Helix – auf bestimmte Weise manipulierte DNA faltet sich zum Beispiel zu Platten. Darauf platziert die Gruppe von FCI‐Dozentenpreisträgerin Amelie Heuer‐Jungemann nanometergenau Proteine und lässt sie interagieren. Als Wirkstoffträger eignen sich die Platten bisher nicht, da sie im Menschen sofort zerfallen. Aber auch da hat die Gruppe eine Idee.
A glutathione S‐transferase PcGSTMu2 involved in the detoxification of bifenazate in Panonychus citri
Authors: Li Ming‐yue , Cheng Lu‐yan , Li Si‐chen , Fang Yun‐hong , Shao Bin‐bin , Cui Yang‐yang , Wei Zhi‐tang , Yu Shi‐jiang , Ran Chun
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND

The citri red mite, Panonychus citri (McGregor), is an important citrus pest worldwide, causing enormous economic losses to citrus production. Bifenazate is a widely used acaricide for controlling P. citri. The detoxification mechanism of bifenazate is not clear in P. citri.

RESULTS

PcGSTMu2, a significantly upregulated GST gene, was identified by the transcriptome analysis of P. citri after bifenazate exposure. The expression level of PcGSTMu2 was significantly increased after bifenazate exposure. By using RNAi of PcGSTMu2, the susceptibility of P. citri to bifenazate was significantly increased. Protein modeling and docking of PcGSTMu2 with GSH and bifenazate indicated the potential amino acid residues for binding in the active site. Heterologous expression and in vitro functional assays further revealed that PcGSTMu2 could deplete bifenazate.

CONCLUSION

These results indicated that PcGSTMu2 plays an important role in the detoxification of bifenazate in P. citri and provides the molecular foundation for understanding bifenazate metabolism in P. citri. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Recent innovations in crop protection research
Authors: Maienfisch Peter , Koerber Karsten
Published: September 2024

As the world's population continues to grow and demand for food increases, the agricultural industry faces the challenge of producing higher yields while ensuring the safety and quality of harvests, operators, and consumers. The emergence of resistance, pest shifts, and stricter regulatory requirements also urgently calls for further advances in crop protection and the discovery of new innovative products for sustainable crop protection. This study reviews recent highlights in innovation as presented at the 15th IUPAC International Congress of Crop Protection Chemistry held in New Delhi, in 2023. The following new products are discussed: the insecticides Indazapyroxamet, Dimpropyridaz and Fenmezoditiaz, the fungicides Mefentrifluconazole and Pyridachlomethyl, the nematicide Cyclobutrifluram, the herbicides Rimisoxafen, Dimesulfazet, and Epyrifenacil as well as the abiotic stress management product Anisiflupurin. In addition, the latest innovative research areas and discovery highlights in all areas of crop protection will be presented, including insecticidal alkyl sulfones and 1,3,4‐trisubstituted pyrazoles, fungicidal picolinamides, herbicidal ketoenols, and trifluoromethylpyrazoles, as well as the latest advances in crop enhancement and green pest control research. © 2024 The Author(s). Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Novel heterocyclic amide derivatives containing a diphenylmethyl moiety: systematic optimizations, synthesis, antifungal activity and action mechanism
Authors: Peng Feng , Chai Jianqi , Xie Yue , Tai Lang , Chen Min , Yang Chunlong
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND

The development of fungicides with low cross resistance, high efficacy and low resistance plays a central role in protecting crops, reducing yield losses, improving quality and maintaining global food security. Based on this important role, after a systematic optimization strategy, novel heterocyclic amide derivatives bearing diphenylmethyl fragment were screened, synthesized and verified with the spectrographic and x‐ray diffraction analysis.

RESULTS

In this study, the aforementioned optimization obtained compound B19 that was measured for antifungal activity against Rhizoctonia solani (median effective concentration, EC50 = 1.11 μg mL−1). Meanwhile, the anti‐R. solani protective effect (79.34%) of compound B19 was evaluated in vivo at 100 μg mL−1, which is comparable to that of the control agent fluxapyroxad (80.67%). Thence, morphological observations revealed that compound B19 induced mycelium disruption and shrinking, mitochondrial number reduction and apoptosis acceleration, consistent with the results of the mitochondrial membrane potential and cell membrane permeability. Further investigations found that the potential target enzyme of compound B19 was SDH, which exerted fluorescence quenching dynamic curves similar to that of the commercialized SDHI fluxapyroxad. Additionally, research by molecular docking and MD simulations demonstrated that compound B19 had a similar binding mode acting on the surrounding residues in the SDH active pocket to that offluxapyroxad.

CONCLUSION

The above results demonstrated that heterocyclic amide derivatives containing a diphenylmethyl moiety are promising scaffolds for targeting SDH of fungi and provide valuable antifungal leads with the potential to develop new SDH inhibitors. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Migration intentions in a politically divided context: The interactive roles of affective polarization and dyadic political attitudes
Authors: Cheung Adam Ka‐Lok , Lui Lake
Published: September 2024

This study examines migration intentions in a politically divided context, focusing on the interactive roles of individuals’ and the spouses’ affective polarization and political attitudes. Our study uses Hong Kong as a case study to elucidate migration intentions in the context of political polarization and increasing authoritarianism. We investigate how individuals facing the same political conditions exhibit varying inclinations to migrate. Our analysis is based on dyadic data from a representative household survey involving 1003 married couples. The findings reveal that spousal pro‐democratic attitudes and affective polarization are associated with stronger migration intentions, with significant implications for predicting migration patterns. Moreover, the study highlights the significance of the interactive role between individuals’ and the spouses’ political attitudes in shaping migration intentions. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the complex interplay between dyadic political attitudes, affective polarization, and migration intentions in highly developed societies with advanced economies.
Homelessness and migration: The geography of homeless migrants in China
Authors: Gong Yue , Xu Yifang , Xie Bo , MacLachlan Ian , Chen Yujie
Published: September 2024

Homeless people have become more visible in China in recent years. However, research on Chinese homelessness in general and homeless migrants in particular is still very limited. Based on the China Migrants Dynamic Survey, this pioneering exploration of the geography of homeless migrants in China arrives at three conclusions. First, although homeless migrants are often scorned as an underclass of derelict drifters, the majority are educated, married, and employed, sometimes temporarily. Second, although most homeless migrants congregate in the most developed coastal regions, the number of homeless migrants as a proportion of total migrants is relatively high in some remote provinces, with significant numbers residing in rural areas. Third, in addition to the three established drivers: the housing market, economic opportunity, and social support, prejudice towards the homeless is shown to be an important factor in the concentration of homeless migrants and their exclusion from urban society. This paper contributes to an understanding of homeless migrants in China and the factors accounting for their spatial distribution.
A system reliability demonstration test design method based on subsystem test data
Authors: Zhang Dian , Jiang Ping , Xing Yunyan
Published: September 2024

Reliability demonstration test (RDT) is the test to verify that the reliability of the product meets the reliability requirements during product development and is usually required to be performed to determine whether it can be accepted. It is essential for complex systems with higher costs. However, the traditional test plans such as the plan in the current RDT standard GJB‐899A have the problem of too long test time or too high risk. In addition, the test data of the complex system itself is usually less, but the test data of the subsystem is easier to obtain. In this paper, the research object is the system, and the main research content is how to use the reliability growth data in the development stage of the subsystem to design the system RDT. First, based on the reliability growth model, the test data in the development stage of the subsystems are modeled to obtain the reliability of each subsystem. The Bayesian theory is used to obtain the lifetime distribution of the system. Then, according to the definition of the two types of risks in the RDT, the life distribution of the product is integrated into the two types of risks, and the RDT plans of the system are designed. Finally, a simulation case is used to verify our RDT design method, and the results show that compared with the traditional plan, our RDT plan designed has a shorter test time and lower test risk.
Motion planning of multiple unmanned vehicles using sequential convex programming‐based distributed model predictive control
Authors: Liu Xiaoming , Wu Fuchun , Deng Yunshan , Wang Ming , Xia Yuanqing
Published: September 2024

This article tackles the complex challenge of multi‐vehicle motion planning by presenting the novel Sequential Convex Programming‐based Distributed Model Predictive Control (SCP‐DMPC) algorithm. Existing methods often struggle with the nonconvex nature of optimization in multi‐vehicle motion planning, frequently compromising on computational efficiency. SCP‐DMPC innovatively combines the predictive control of DMPC with the optimization prowess of SCP to address these issues efficiently, while adhering to both physical and operational constraints. To ensure precise attainment of target poses, a three‐stage control strategy is introduced, with theoretical analysis on its recursive feasibility and asymptotic stability, enhancing the reliability of the algorithm. Moreover, a heuristic‐based deadlock resolution scheme is devised to prevent vehicle stalling, a common issue in cooperative motion. Validated through simulations in challenging scenarios, including symmetric position swapping and obstacle‐laden formation transition, SCP‐DMPC demonstrates superior adaptability, precision, and efficiency. These results underscore its potential for robust, real‐time unmanned vehicle applications, suggesting new directions for future research and development in the field.
Tunable Electronic, Optoelectronic, and Photocatalytic Properties of MoS2 and GaS Monolayers in the MoS2/GaS Heterostructure
Authors: Kumar Vipin , Kumar Pushpendra , Akash  , Saini Ajay , Gwag Jin Seog
Published: September 2024

The electronic structure calculations show that the GaS and MoS2 monolayer and MoS2/GaS hetero‐bilayer systems are semiconducting materials. It is also justified by the density of states. In the hetero‐bilayer system, the band gap is reduced. It causes an increase in the absorption, compared to their monolayers, of incident light in the visible region. This may be because of the charge transfer and the interlayer interaction between these monolayers in the heterostructure form. The calculated higher extinction coefficient causes the fast absorption of light, hence, the increased absorption coefficient. The heterostructure system makes the refractive index and reflection coefficient of GaS and MoS2 monolayers tuneable. The static reflection coefficient is in the following order GaS < MoS2/GaS < MoS2. It means that the MoS2/GaS heterostructure system can increase the static refractive index of GaS and decrease that of MoS2 monolayers simultaneously. The calculated band edge positions show that the MoS2 and GaS monolayers have excellent water oxidation and reduction capability, respectively. These predictions show that the proposed heterostructure may be a potential candidate for nanoelectronics and optoelectronics.
Water Participated Dual C(sp3)−C(sp3) Bond Cleavage of Cyclobutanones Catalyzed by Lewis Acid
Authors: Zhang Dong‐Yue , Tao Jie , Liu Zu‐Yong , Li Tian‐Gui , Ma Wen‐Hui , Li Ting‐Ting , Wu Yuanqi , Liu Yu
Published: September 2024

Lewis acid‐catalyzed ring‐opening reactions of cyclobutanones were mostly achieved through cleavage of a single C2−C3 bond to deliver cyclic products. Herein, an unprecedented Lewis acid catalyzed synergistic cleavage of both C2−C3 bonds in 3‐arylcyclobutanones was realized under participation of water, providing a series of aryl alkyl ketones in mild conditions. A broad scope of substrates decorated with various substituents were well accommodated. Mechanistic proposal including the function of water was unambiguously validated by experimental verification.
Impedimetric Biosensor of Silver Molybdate Anchored on rGO Sheet for Detection of Breast Cancer Mucin‐1 Biomarker
Authors: Ranjan Pushpesh , Khan Raju
Published: September 2024

This work aims to detect the Mucin‐1 (MUC1) breast cancer biomarker using a label‐free impedimetric biosensor of silver molybdate anchored on reduced graphene oxide (Ag2MoO4‐rGO). A hydrothermal method has been employed to synthesize the Ag2MoO4‐rGO nanocomposite. Subsequently, they have been studied through analytical characterization techniques to study the electrocatalytic activity, electroactive surface area, surface functionalities, and morphologies to determine the suitability of the material for biosensor fabrication. Results reveal that the Ag2MoO4‐rGO nanocomposite possesses excellent electroconductivity and surface properties that have significant characteristics for the biosensor's performance. A biosensor has been fabricated by the immobilization of Ag2MoO4‐rGO nanocomposite and anti‐MUC1 antibody on a glassy carbon electrode. The electroanalytical studies revealed that the biosensor has excellent sensitivity and detection performance having a wide linearity of 100 fg mL−1–5 ng mL−1 and a low limit of detection of 2.70 fg mL−1. Moreover, the remarkable selectivity, reproducibility, stability, and detection in serum samples determine the high performance of the biosensor. Therefore, the presented biosensor could be a promising diagnostic tool that shows the remarkable potential to efficiently detect the breast cancer MUC1 biomarker in patient's serum samples.
Honeycomb Bionic Graphene Oxide Quantum Dot/Layered Double Hydroxide Composite Nanocoating Promotes Osteoporotic Bone Regeneration via Activating Mitophagy
Authors: Li Dan , Dai Danni , Wang Jianrong , Zhang Chao
Published: September 2024

Abnormal osteogenic and remodeling microenvironment due to osteoblast apoptosis are the primary causes of delayed fracture healing in osteoporotic patients. Magnesium (Mg) alloys exhibit biodegradability and appropriate elastic moduli for bone defects in osteoporosis, but the effect on the local bone remodeling disorder is still insufficient. Inspired by the “honeycomb,” layered double hydroxide (LDH) with regular traps with graphene oxide quantum dots (GOQDs) inlayed is constructed by pulsed electrodeposition to generate GOQD/LDH composite nanocoatings on the surfaces of Mg alloy substrates. The honeycomb bionic multi‐layer stereoscopic structure shows good regulation of the degradation of Mg alloy for the support of healing time required for osteoporotic bone defect. Within its lattice, the local microenvironment conducive to osteogenesis is provided by both the rescue effect of GOQD and LDH. The osteoblast apoptosis is rescued due to the activation of mitophagy to clear dysfunctional mitochondria, where the upregulation of BNIP3 phosphorylation played a key role. The osteoporotic rat model of femoral defects confirmed the improvement of bone regeneration and osseointegration of GOQD/LDH coating. In summary, honeycomb bionic composite nanocoatings with controllable degradation and excellent pro‐osteogenic performance demonstrated a promising design strategy on Mg alloy implants in the therapy of osteoporotic bone defects.
Modulating Eco‐friendly Colloidal AgGaS2 Quantum Dots for Highly Efficient Photodetection and Image Sensing via Direct Growth of Ternary AgInS2 Shell
Authors: Li Xin , Tong Xin , Xia Li , Zhao Hongyang , Luo Jingyin , Li Zhuojian , Wang Zhiming M.
Published: September 2024

Tailoring the optoelectronic characteristics of colloidal quantum dots (QDs) by constructing a core/shell structure offers the potential to achieve high‐performing solution‐processed photoelectric conversion and information processing applications. In this work, the direct growth of wurtzite ternary AgInS2 (AIS) shell on eco‐friendly AgGaS2 (AGS) core QDs is realized, giving rise to broadened visible light absorption, prolonged exciton lifetime and enhanced photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY). Ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy demonstrats that the photoinduced carrier separation and transfer kinetics of AGS QDs are significantly optimized following the AIS shell coating. As‐synthesized environmentally benign AGS/AIS core/shell QDs are employed to fabricate photodetectors (PDs), showing a remarkable responsivity of 38.4 A W−1 and a detectivity of 2.4 × 1012 Jones under visible light illumination (405 nm). Moreover, the fabricated QDs‐PDs exhibit superior image‐sensing capability to record complex patterns with high resolution (160 × 160 pixels) under visible light illumination at 405 and 532 nm. The findings indicate that the direct growth of multinary narrow‐band shell materials on eco‐friendly QDs holds great promise to implement future “green”, cost‐effective and high‐performance optoelectronic sensing/imaging systems.
Electrical Double Layer and In Situ Polymerization SEI Enables High Reversible Zinc Metal Anode
Authors: Yin Hongting , Wu Hao , Yang Yu , Yao Shun , Han Peng , Shi Yiliang , Liu Ruiping
Published: September 2024

Aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (AZIBs) stand out among new energy storage devices due to their excellent safety and environmental friendliness. However, the formation of dendrites and side reactions on the zinc metal anode during cycling have become the major obstacles to their commercialization. This study innovatively selected Sodium 4‐vinylbenzenesulfonate (VBS) as a multifunctional electrolyte additive to address the issues. The dissociated VBS‐ anions can not only significantly alter the hydrogen bond network structure of H2O in the electrolyte, but also preferentially adsorb on the surface of the zinc anode before H2O molecules, which will result in the development of organic anion‐rich interface and alterations to the electrical double layer (EDL) structure. Furthermore, the ─C═C─ structure in VBS leads to the formation of an in situ polymerized organic anion solid electrolyte interface (SEI) layer that adheres to the surface of the zinc anode. The mechanisms work together to significantly improve the performance of Zn//Zn symmetric batteries, achieving a cycle life of over 1800 h at 1 mA cm−2 and 1 mAh cm−2. The introduction of VBS also enhances the cycling performance and capacity of Zn//δ‐MnO2 full cells. This study provides a low‐cost solution for the development of AZIBs.
Copper Sulfide based Photocatalysts, Electrocatalysts and Photoelectrocatalysts: Innovations in Structural Modulation and Application
Authors: Li Chao‐Qun , Wang Jian‐Jun
Published: September 2024

Copper sulfides (CuxS, 1 ≤ x ≤ 2) are notable for their unique photoelectric properties and potential applications, particularly in photo/electrocatalysis. These materials are valued for their tunable band gap, near‐infrared optical characteristics, and plasmonic resonance effects. However, challenges such as low catalytic activity and limited stability impede their practical applications. This review addresses these issues by exploring advanced strategies for electronic structure modulation, including atomic doping, shape alteration, heterojunction construction, and defect introduction to enhance catalytic efficiency. A detailed analysis of the optical and electrical properties of CuxS across various stoichiometric ratios and crystal structures is provided, offering a comprehensive overview of their applications in photocatalysis, electrocatalysis, and photo/electrocatalysis. Additionally, the review synthesizes current knowledge and highlights the potential of these strategies to optimize CuxS‐based photo/electrocatalysts, proposing future research directions to bridge the gap between theoretical studies and practical applications. This work underscores the importance of CuxS in photo/electrocatalysis and aims to inspire further innovation and exploration in this field, emphasizing its significance in material science and engineering.
Synergistic Gradient Anodes for Long‐Term Stability in Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Ye Jiahui , Tian Wen , Du Yuping , Linghu Shaoyong , Wang Kaixiang , Yuan Li , Li Hongjiao , Ji Junyi
Published: September 2024

The stability of aqueous zinc metal anodes is still constrained by their severe dendrite growth. Optimizing electric field distribution and crystallography to modulate the diffusion and deposition behavior of zinc ions can effectively suppress dendrite growth. However, the fabrication strategy to directly endow specific textured zinc anodes with gradient electric field distribution is still lacking. Herein, a strategy combining crystal reconstruction of commercial zinc foil with graphene oxide (GO) protective layer is proposed to construct an in situ gradient electric field‐enhanced strong (002) textured GO@ZnO/Zn(002) anode. Based on the experimental and theoretical results, the GO protective layer can regulate a wide‐range homogeneous Zn2+ ions flow, while the dense and uniform ZnO/Zn(002) nanoneedles /nanoparticles can enhance localized polarized electric field to accelerate rapid localized transfer of Zn2+ ions and guide them toward directional deposition along (002) plane. Therefore, the hierarchical GO@ZnO/Zn(002) anode enables the symmetric cell to operate continuously and stably for 5700 and 4200 h at 2 and 4 mA cm−2, respectively, which is comparable to or better than most high‐end Zn anodes. This work presents new insights into the zinc foil reconstruction and gradient electric field fabrication strategy, offering a scalable approach for the development of long‐term stable metal anodes.
Crystal Engineering Under Residual Solvent Evaporation: A Journey Into Crystallization Chronicles of Soluble Acenes
Authors: Lee Jung Hun , Lee Seunghan , Anthony John E. , Lim Soohwan , Nguyen Ky Van , Kim Sang Beom , Jang Jaeyoung , Jang Ho Won , Lee Hoonkyung , Lee Wi Hyoung
Published: September 2024

In the pursuit of achieving high‐performance and high‐throughput organic transistors, this study highlights two critical aspects: designing new soluble acenes and optimizing their solution processing. A fundamental understanding of the crystallization mechanism inherent to these customized soluble acenes, as they undergo a transformation during the evaporation of residual solvent, is deemed essential. Here, the pathway to crafting ideal solution processing conditions is elucidated, meticulously tailored to the molecular structure of soluble acenes when blended with polymers. Employing a comprehensive array of analytical and computational methodologies, this investigation delves directly into the intricate interplay between processing parameters and crystallization mechanisms, firmly rooted in the domains of thermodynamics and kinetics. Notably, a delicate equilibrium where the optimal weight of residual solvent harmoniously aligns is uncovered with the specific attributes of soluble acene molecules, exerting influence over vertical phase separation with the blended polymer and the crystallization process of soluble acenes at the surface. Consequently, transistors showcasing remarkable field‐effect mobility exceeding 8 cm2 V−1 s−1 are successfully developed. These findings provide invaluable guidance for navigating the path toward determining optimal solution processing conditions across a diverse array of soluble acene/polymer blend systems, all achieved through the strategic application of crystal and residual solvent engineering.
Nanoarchitectured Fe3C@N‐Doped C/FeVO4 as High‐Performance Anode for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhao Jinghao , Han Wei , Chen Jing , Meng Yan , Hao Baoqin , Liu Xiaoxiao , Wang Tiantian , Li Xin
Published: September 2024

Ferric vanadate exhibits potential as an attractive anode material for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) due to the multiple oxidation states of vanadium and natural abundances of iron. However, the design and fabrication of high‐performance ferric vanadate‐based SIB anode materials with unique composite nanostructures are still challenging. Herein, a facile self‐template method is reported to synthesize 1D nanostructured Fe3C@N‐doped C/FeVO4 (Fe3C@NC/FeVO4) anode materials by the combination of morphology regulation with hybrid composite construction, for the first time. To this end, a 1D Fe, N‐doped carbon nanotube (FeNC) is used as a template, followed by etching and re‐growth to obtain the 1D Fe3C@N‐doped C/FeVO4 nanostructure. The introduction of Fe3C can improve its electronic conductivity and enhance capacitive behavior. Additionally, the 1D nanostructure can effectively shorten the ions transport path and alleviate volume expansion during the charge–discharge processes. With these advantages, the SIBs using such anodes show a remarkable rate performance with a capacity of 325.4 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1, 150.6 mAh g−1 at 5 A g−1, and excellent cycling stability with a reversible capacity of 139.6 mAh g−1 at 1 A g−1 after 1500 cycles. This work offers a new strategy for the future development of SIBs with ferric vanadate‐based anode.
Self‐Templating Engineering of Hollow N‐Doped Carbon Microspheres Anchored with Ternary FeCoNi Alloys for Low‐Frequency Microwave Absorption
Authors: Li Luwei , Ban Qingfu , Song Yuejie , Liu Jie , Qin Yusheng , Zhang Tiantian , Kong Jie
Published: September 2024

Rational design and precision fabrication of magnetic‐dielectric composites have significant application potential for microwave absorption in the low‐frequency range of 2–8 GHz. However, the composition and structure engineering of these composites in regulating their magnetic‐dielectric balance to achieve high‐performance low‐frequency microwave absorption remains challenging. Herein, a self‐templating engineering strategy is proposed to fabricate hollow N‐doped carbon microspheres anchored with ternary FeCoNi alloys. The high‐temperature pyrolysis of FeCoNi alloy precursors creates core‐shell FeCoNi alloy‐graphitic carbon nano‐units that are confined in carbon shells. Moreover, the anchored FeCoNi alloys play a critical role in maintaining hollow structural stability. In conjunction with the additional contribution of multiple heterogeneous interfaces, graphitization, and N doping to the regulation of electromagnetic parameters, hollow FeCoNi@NCMs exhibit a minimum reflection loss (RLmin) of −53.5 dB and an effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of 2.48 GHz in the low‐frequency range of 2–8 GHz. Furthermore, a filler loading of 20 wt% can also be used to achieve a broader EAB of 5.34 GHz with a matching thickness of 1.7 mm. In brief, this work opens up new avenues for the self‐templating engineering of magnetic‐dielectric composites for low‐frequency microwave absorption.
Positively Photo‐Responsive Adsorption Over Binary Copper Porphyrin Framework and Graphene Film Sorbents
Authors: Qi Shi‐Chao , Ding Yu‐Hang , Ding Zhang‐Peng , Zheng Li , Zhang Meng‐Jun , Li Yu‐Jiao , Liu Xiao‐Qin , Sun Lin‐Bing
Published: September 2024

Photo‐responsive adsorption has emerged as a vibrant area because it provides a promising route to reduce the energy consumption of the traditional adsorption separation. However, the current methodology to fabricate photo‐responsive sorbents is still subject to the photo‐deforming molecular units. In this study, a new initiative of photo‐dissociated electron‐hole pairs is proposed to generate amazing adsorption activity, and prove its feasibility. Employing CuPP [PP = 5,10,15,20‐tetrakis(4‐carboxyphenyl)porphyrin] framework nanosheets compounded with graphene, binary film (BF) sorbents are successfully fabricated. The paradigmatic BF nanostructure brings about efficiently photo‐excited electron‐hole pairs with durable enough lifetime to meet the needs of microscopic adsorption equilibrium, which ultimately alters the electron density distribution of adsorption surface, and thus markedly modulates the adsorption activity. Therefore, an amazing photo‐enhanced adsorption capability for the index gas CO can be gotten. Once exposed to the visible‐light at 420 nm, the CO adsorption capacity (0 °C, 1 bar) is risen from 0.23 mmol g−1 in the darkness to 1.66 mmol g−1, changed by + 622%. This is essentially different from majority of current photo‐responsive sorbents based on photo‐deforming molecular units, of which adsorption capability is only decreased with photo‐induction, and the maximum rate of change reported is just −54%.
Discovery of Bimetallic Hexagonal MBene Mo2ErB3T2.5 (T = O, F, and Cl)
Authors: Wang Zhiqi , Su Jianan , Feng Duo , Yao Yufang , Yan Yujing , Cui Yanjie , Rignanese Gian‐Marco , Hosono Hideo , Wang Junjie
Published: September 2024

Exfoliation from quaternary hexagonal MAB (h‐MAB) phases has been suggested as a method for producing 2D in‐plane ordered MBenes (i‐MBenes) with the general formula (M′2/3M″1/3)2AB2. However, experimental realization of defect‐free i‐MBenes has not been achieved yet due to the absence of a suitable parent quaternary h‐MAB phase. In this study, a machine learning (ML) model is used to predict the stability of 15771 quaternary h‐MAB phases generated by considering 33 transition metals for the M site and 16 p‐block elements for the A site. Out of these compounds, only 195 are identified as potentially stable. Subsequent high‐precision first‐principles calculations confirm that 47 of them exhibit both thermodynamic and dynamic stability. Their potential for exfoliation into bimetallic i‐MBenes is investigated by bonding analysis. Leveraging these theoretical insights, a bimetallic i‐MBene is successfully synthesized, namely 2D Mo2ErB3T2.5 (T = F, Cl and O). Further experimental scrutiny reveals its excellent performance for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), highlighting the application potential of bimetallic i‐MBenes.
Bond‐slip behavior between polypropylene fiber concrete and corroded reinforcement
Authors: Liu Qiang , Song Yuanqi , Wang Xing , Zhu Yong , Wang Dayang
Published: September 2024

In this paper, the bond‐slip behavior and bond‐slip constitutive model of corroded reinforcement embedded in polypropylene fiber‐reinforced concrete (PFRC) were investigated. The central pullout test was conducted for 36 specimens. The effects of the corrosion level of reinforcement and the volume fraction of polypropylene (PP) fibers in concrete on the damage mode and bond‐slip process between reinforcement and concrete were studied. Based on the experimental data, a modified bond‐slip constitutive model considering the corrosion level of reinforcement and the volume fraction of PP fibers in concrete was proposed, and the proposed modified bond‐slip constitutive model was used in finite element analysis. The results showed that the addition of PP fibers effectively improved the ultimate bond strength, peak slip and bond toughness of reinforcement and concrete. The enhancement of the bonding properties of the specimens by the PP fibers remained significant after the reinforcement was corroded. The proposed modified bond‐slip constitutive model agreed well with the experimental results. The validity of the proposed model was further verified by finite element analysis.
Effect of fiber loading on the mechanical, morphological, and dynamic mechanical characteristics of Calamus tenuis fiber reinforced epoxy composites
Authors: Kar Arup , Saikia Dip , Palanisamy Sivasubramanian , Pandiarajan Narayanasamy
Published: September 2024

This research delves into incorporating Calamus tenuis fibers as reinforcing material in polymer composites, conducting a thorough analysis of their viscoelastic, mechanical, and morphological attributes. Employing the hand layup method, Calamus tenuis fiber‐reinforced epoxy composites were crafted across a range of fiber loadings from 0 to 25 wt% with 5 wt% increments. Results highlight significant enhancements in mechanical attributes upon the incorporation of Calamus tenuis fibers into the matrix. Notably, the composite with 10 wt% Calamus tenuis fibers emerges as the top performer, showcasing unparalleled mechanical strength compared to neat epoxy. It achieves the highest tensile strength (21.08 ± 1.03 MPa) and tensile modulus (2.84 ± 0.09 GPa), along with the utmost flexural strength (63.31 ± 1.05 MPa) and flexural modulus (3.12 ± 0.16 GPa). Furthermore, it demonstrates remarkable impact strength (9.40 ± 0.40 J/cm2), emphasizing its resilience. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis confirms enhanced fiber‐matrix adhesion in the 10 wt% composite. Additionally, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) results reveal enhancements in storage and loss modulus, with the 10 wt% composites exhibiting the highest values. However, the damping factor decreases with the inclusion of Calamus tenuis fibers. Overall, a 10 wt% fiber loading is deemed ideal for enhancing the mechanical and dynamic properties of epoxy composites.

Highlights

Utilized Calamus tenuis fibers as reinforcing materials in epoxy composites.

Investigated the mechanical, morphological, and viscoelastic properties.

Calamus tenuis fibers boost epoxy composite mechanical traits significantly.

SEM confirms improved fiber‐matrix adhesion in 10 wt% composite.

DMA highlights elevated storage and loss modulus in 10 wt% composites.
The 5‐Fluorouracil RNA Expression Viewer (5‐FUR) Facilitates Interpreting the Effects of Drug Treatment and RRP6 Deletion on the Transcriptional Landscape in Yeast
Authors: Szachnowski Ugo , Sallou Oliver , Boudet Mateo , Bretaudeau Anthony , Wery Maxime , Morillon Antonin , Primig Michael
Published: September 2024

Saccharomyces cerevisiae is an excellent model to study the effect of external cues on cell division and stress response. 5‐Fluorocuracil (5‐FU) has been used to treat solid tumors since several decades. The drug was initially designed to interfere with DNA replication but was later found to exert its antiproliferative effect also via RNA‐dependent processes. Since 5‐FU inhibits the activity of the 3′−5′‐exoribonuclease Rrp6 in yeast and mammals, earlier work has compared the effect of 5‐FU treatment and RRP6 deletion at the transcriptome level in diploid synchronized yeast cells. To facilitate interpreting the expression data we have developed an improved 5‐Fluorouracil RNA (5‐FUR) expression viewer. Users can access information via genome coordinates and systematic or standard names for mRNAs and Xrn1‐dependent‐, stable‐, cryptic‐, and meiotic unannotated transcripts (XUTs, SUTs, CUTs, and MUTs). Normalized log2‐transformed or linear data can be displayed as filled diagrams, line graphs or color‐coded heatmaps. The expression data are useful for researchers interested in processes such as cell cycle regulation, mitotic repression of meiotic genes, the effect of 5‐FU treatment and Rrp6 deficiency on the transcriptome and expression profiles of sense/antisense loci that encode overlapping transcripts. The viewer is accessible at http://5fur.genouest.org.
Abschließende Zusammenfassungen und Reflexionen
Authors: Seim Jonathan
Published: September 2024

Das achte und letzte Kapitel bietet eine Zusammenfassung der wesentlichen Argumentation und der wesentlichen Erkenntnisse der Arbeit. Insbesondere werden gebündelt die Stellung von Bürger:innenbeteiligungsverfahren im Gesamtgefüge staatlicher Entscheidungsfindung, der Beitrag zur Debatte zum sogenannten Demos-Problem und die Lehren für die Praxis reflektiert.
Tablets in der Kita
Authors: Mues Anna , Wirth Astrid , Schiele Tina , Niklas Frank
Published: September 2024

Tablets sind vielseitige Werkzeuge in der Kita, die sich durch ihre Benutzerfreundlichkeit auszeichnen und selbständiges, kreatives Lernen bei Kindern unterstützen. Trotz Bedenken hinsichtlich Ablenkung und Informationsüberlastung können Tablets bei guter Planung sinnvoll eingesetzt werden. Hierbei spielen Mediengestaltung, Medienbildung, Mediendidaktik und Medienerziehung eine wichtige Rolle. Zielgerichtete Apps fördern spezifische Kompetenzen und passen sich dem Lernniveau der Kinder an. Ein strukturierter Einsatz, inklusive technischer Betreuung und Sicherheitsmaßnahmen, maximiert den Nutzen der Tablets. Eine sorgfältige Auswahl der Apps und festgelegte Nutzungszeiten sind entscheidend für den erfolgreichen Einsatz im Kitaalltag.
Can ChatGPT be an author? Generative AI creative writing assistance and perceptions of authorship, creatorship, responsibility, and disclosure
Authors: Formosa Paul , Bankins Sarah , Matulionyte Rita , Ghasemi Omid
Published: September 2024

The increasing use of Generative AI raises many ethical, philosophical, and legal issues. A key issue here is uncertainties about how different degrees of Generative AI assistance in the production of text impacts assessments of the human authorship of that text. To explore this issue, we developed an experimental mixed methods survey study (N = 602) asking participants to reflect on a scenario of a human author receiving assistance to write a short novel as part of a 3 (high, medium, or low degrees of assistance) X 2 (human or AI assistant) factorial design. We found that, for a human author, the degree of assistance they receive matters for our assessments of their level of authorship, creatorship, and responsibility, but not what or who rendered that assistance, although it was more important to disclose human rather than AI assistance. However, in our assessments of the assisting agent, human assistants were viewed as warranting higher rates of authorship, creatorship, and responsibility, compared to AI assistants rendering the same level of support. These results help us to better understand emerging norms around collaborative human-AI generated text, with implications for other types of collaborative content creation.
Radical cystectomy in patients aged < 80 years versus ≥ 80 years: analysis of preoperative geriatric assessment scores in predicting postoperative morbidity and mortality
Authors: Duwe Gregor , Wagner Isabel , Banasiewicz Katarzyna E. , Frey Lisa Johanna , Fischer Nikita Dhruva , Bierlein Johann , Rölz Niklas , Haack Maximilian , Mager Rene , Neumann Christopher C. M. , Boehm Katharina , Sparwasser Peter , Tsaur Igor , Kamal Mohamed M. , Haferkamp Axel , Brandt Maximilian Peter , Höfner Thomas
Published: September 2024

Purpose

Pre-operative assessment of surgical risk is essential for patient counselling in the elderly patient population. Our purpose was to compare validated geriatric assessment scores (GAS) in predicting postoperative morbidity and mortality in patients ≥ 80 years.

Methods

Overall, eight preoperative GAS were assessed for each patient who received RC from 2016 to 2021. Postoperative morbidity was recorded according to the Clavien-Dindo classification (CDC) of surgical complications. Binary logistic regression analyses were used to determine prediction of 30-d morbidity and 90-d mortality in patients ≥ 80 years.

Results

In total, 424 patients were analysed (77.4% male) with median age of 71 years (IQR: 68.82;70.69), of which 67 (15.8%) were ≥ 80 years. Patients age ≥ 80 years showed more 30-d CDC grade ≥ IIIb (41.07% vs. 27.74% compared to < 80 years, p < .001) and worse 90-d mortality (26.87% vs. 4.76%, p < .001). In patients ≥ 80 years, morbidity was predicted by simplified Frailty Index (sFI)  ≥ 2 (OR: 2.06, 95% CI: 1.27–3.34, p = .004), Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status ≥ 2 (OR: 2.78, 95% CI: 1.18–6.54, p = .019) and severe Adult Comorbidity Evaluation (ACE)-27 score (OR: 2.07, 95% CI: 1.13–3.79, p = .019), while 90-d mortality was predicted by CDC grade ≥ IIIb (OR: 22.91, 95% CI: 8.74–60.09, p < .001) and ECOG ≥ 2 (OR: 2.87, 95% CI: 1.05–7.86, p = .04).

Conclusion

Even in a high-volume center of RC, 90-d mortality is significantly higher in patients age ≥ 80. Our results suggest in patient age ≥ 80, sFI ≥ 2, ECOG performance status ≥ 2 and severe ACE-27 score as clinical cut-off value to evaluate alternative bladder-sparing concepts.
Prospective selective embedding of radical prostatectomy specimens is not inferior to full embedding regarding established and new prognostic parameters
Authors: Bernhardt Marit , Hommerding Oliver , Kreft Tobias , Weinhold Leonie , Schmid Matthias , Kristiansen Glen
Published: September 2024

The histopathological examination of radical prostatectomy specimens is essential for assessing critical tumor characteristics, including stage, grade, and margins, all of which impact patient prognosis. However, the extent of embedding the prostate has long been a subject of debate, with some advocating partial/selective embedding and others favoring complete embedding. This study establishes a standardized and time-efficient protocol for processing radical prostatectomy specimens with limited embedding while maintaining diagnostic accuracy. Two hundred twenty-six prostatectomy specimens were analyzed, and the results of a highly standardized selective embedding protocol, systematically embedding the apex, the base, the transition to the seminal vesicles, and selected horizontal sections, were compared with full embedding as the gold standard. Non-inferiority testing was conducted by one-sided binomial tests and Pearson-Clopper confidence intervals. Selective embedding provided consistent and accurate diagnostic information with up to 90–98% concordance in pT, margins, ISUP-grade groups, and presence of IDC-P and cribriform tumor growth. In summary, this study establishes an economical standardized protocol for selective embedding of radical prostatectomy specimens with only minimal loss of information.
A study on safety evaluation system of cultured foods among alternative proteins
Authors: Heo Sojeong , Lee Gawon , Jeong Do-Won
Published: September 2024

Food produced by cell culture has been approved in Singapore and the United States. Food safety evaluation systems of Singapore, the United States, Europe, and Korea were reviewed for producing cultured foods with new technologies. In Singapore, Europe, and Korea, safety evaluation of cultured meat is conducted by applying for such evaluation in the Novel Food system. In contrast, in the case of the United States, safety evaluation for cultured meat is conducted by the FDA and the USDA, considering it as an altered product of production methods, not a novel food. Required safety assessment data vary depending on whether the cultured meat is a novel food or a different food with a different production method. Accordingly, the current study presents differences between required documents according to the two distinct perspectives.