bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Cyclopropane—Aldehyde Annulations at Quaternary Donor Sites: Stereoselective Access to Highly Substituted Tetrahydrofurans.
Authors: Smith Austin G. , Slade Michael C. , Johnson Jeffrey S.
Published: June 2011

A variety of tetrasubstituted cyclopropanes is converted to functionalized tetrahydrofurans in the reaction with aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Direct Vinylogous Michael Addition of Functionalized Furanones to Nitroalkenes Catalyzed by an Axially Chiral Guanidine Base.
Authors: Terada Masahiro , Ando Kenichi
Published: June 2011

Compared to an aromatic substituent, the tert.‐butyl group at the sulfur atom increases both yield and enantioselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: 2‐Amino‐3‐(5‐phenylfuran‐2‐yl)propionic Acids and 5‐Phenylfuran‐2‐ylacrylic Acids Are Novel Substrates of Phenylalanine Ammonia‐Lyase.
Authors: Paizs Csaba , Tosa Monica Ioana , Bencze Laszlo Csaba , Brem Juergen , Irimie Florin Dan , Retey Janos
Published: June 2011

Racemic furanylalanines (III) and phenylfuranylacrylic acids (V) are employed as substrates of recombinant phenylalanine ammonia‐lyase.
ChemInform Abstract: Electro‐Organic Synthesis of 2‐Amino‐3‐cyano‐benzofuran Derivatives Using Hydroquinones and Malononitrile.
Authors: Fakhari Ali Reza , Ahmar Hamid , Davarani Saied Saeed Hosseiny , Shaabani Ahmad , Nikjah Sanaz , Maleki Ali
Published: June 2011

An efficient electrochemical synthesis of the biologically significant title compounds (III) and (V) from commercially available starting materials is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation and Pharmacological Evaluation of a Novel Series of 2‐(Phenylthio)benzo[b]thiophenes as Selective MT2 Receptor Ligands.
Authors: Mesangeau Christophe , Fraise Mikael , Delagrange Philippe , Caignard Daniel Henri , Boutin Jean Albert , Berthelot Pascal , Yous Said
Published: June 2011

Newly synthesized compounds (III) are evaluated for binding affinity and intrinsic activity at melatonin receptors.
ChemInform Abstract: Silyl Nitronate 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition Reactions with meso‐Tetraarylporphyrins.
Authors: Ebrahim Mothi M. , Moreau Maxime , Senge Mathias O.
Published: June 2011

The title reactions allows the selective synthesis of chlorins.
ChemInform Abstract: Dehydration‐Triggered Asymmetric Hydrogenation of 3‐(α‐Hydroxyalkyl)indoles.
Authors: Wang Duo‐Sheng , Tang Jie , Zhou Yong‐Gui , Chen Mu‐Wang , Yu Chang‐Bin , Duan Ying , Jiang Guo‐Fang
Published: June 2011

Highly enantioselective dehydration—hydrogenation of title α‐hydroxyalkylindoles is smoothly achieved under Pd‐catalysis in the presence of Bronsted acid promotor to give the corresponding 3‐alkylindolines (II) and (IV) in high to excellent yields and enantioselectivities (up to 97% e.e.).
ChemInform Abstract: A Catalytic Homo‐Nazarov Cyclization Protocol for the Synthesis of Heteroaromatic Ring‐Fused Cyclohexanones.
Authors: Phun Lien H. , Patil Dadasaheb V. , Cavitt Marchello A. , France Stefan
Published: June 2011

Indium triflate serves as a promoter to produce a wide range of fused cyclohexanones with heterocyclic fragments.
ChemInform Abstract: Iron(II) Triflate as a Catalyst for the Synthesis of Indoles by Intramolecular C—H Amination.
Authors: Bonnamour Julien , Bolm Carsten
Published: June 2011

The catalyst is highly efficient for the preparation of the biologically important indole skeleton and the products are generally formed in good to excellent yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Chiral Furopyrrolizidinones Through a Key Tandem Cope Elimination/1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition Reaction of Tricyclic Lactones.
Authors: Li Yu‐Jang , Chuang Hsiang‐Yu , Yeh Shang‐Ming , Huang Weng‐Sang
Published: June 2011

The highly functionalized title compounds (III) containing contiguous quarternary centers are synthesized by oxidation of the tricyclic compounds (I) with MCPBA under basic conditions through a tandem Cope elimination/1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition sequence followed by reduction of (II) inducing N—O cleavage and lactam ring cyclization.
ChemInform Abstract: Compounds Containing 2‐Substituted Imidazole Ring for Treatment Against Human African Trypanosomiasis.
Authors: Samant Bhupesh S. , Sukhthankar Mugdha G.
Published: June 2011

With the 2‐substituted imidazole ring as a backbone structure, different functional groups are substituted on this backbone to explore the structural‐activity relationship.
ChemInform Abstract: Solvent‐ and Catalyst‐Free Synthesis of 2,3‐Dihydro‐1H‐benzo[d]imidazoles.
Authors: Li Da‐Peng , Zhang Guang‐Liang , An Li‐Tao , Zou Jian‐Ping , Zhang Wei
Published: June 2011

A new protocol for the solvent‐ and catalyst‐free synthesis of dihydrobenzimidazoles, dihydrobenzothiazoles, and perimidines from acyclic ketones and diamines is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Gold(I)‐Catalyzed Diastereo‐ and Enantioselective 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition and Mannich Reactions of Azlactones.
Authors: Melhado Asa D. , Amarante Giovanni W. , Wang Z. Jane , Luparia Marco , Toste F. Dean
Published: June 2011

Both reactions proceed with good to high diastereo‐ and enantioselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 5‐Arylated N‐Arylthiazole‐2‐amines as Potential Skeletal Muscle Cell Differentiation Promoters.
Authors: Schnuerch Michael , Waldner Birgit , Hilber Karlheinz , Mihovilovic Marko D.
Published: June 2011

A three‐step synthesis of the title compounds (VII) is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Modular Synthesis of Pyrrolo[2,1‐b]thiazoles and Related Monocyclic Pyrrolo Structures.
Authors: O'Dwyer Emma E. , Mullane Nessa S. , Smyth Timothy P.
Published: June 2011

Several pyrrolo[2,1‐b]thiazoles are obtained via a bicyclization reaction of mucobromic acid derivatives (III) with D‐penicillamine (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Synthesis of 4‐Vinyl‐ and 4‐Fluorovinyl‐1,2,3‐triazoles via Bifunctional “Click‐Olefination” Reagents.
Authors: Kumar Rakesh , Pradhan Padmanava , Zajc Barbara
Published: June 2011

Title compounds are readily obtained by a copper‐catalyzed click triazole synthesis and a subsequent Julia—Kocienski olefination of sulfones (V) and (XII).
ChemInform Abstract: Pd‐Catalyzed C—H Activation/C—N Bond Formation: A New Route to 1‐Aryl‐1H‐benzotriazoles.
Authors: Kumar Rapolu Kiran , Ali Md. Ashif , Punniyamurthy Tharmalingam
Published: June 2011

Benzotriazoles, which are of biological interest, are prepared via the intramolecular amination reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Safe and Efficient Tetrazole Synthesis in a Continuous‐Flow Microreactor.
Authors: Palde Prakash B. , Jamison Timothy F.
Published: June 2011

The process works with a broad substrate scope, requires only a slight excess of NaN3, avoids the use and generation of HN3, and residual NaN3 is quenched in‐line with NaNO2.
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Synthesis of 2‐Aryl‐2H‐ and 4‐Aryl‐4H‐3,5‐diformylpyrans from Acetal with Aromatic Aldehydes Catalyzed by Lewis Acids.
Authors: Horikawa Norihide , Obora Yasushi , Ishii Yasutaka
Published: June 2011

The selective formation core structures (III) or (IV) is achieved by changing the catalyst/solvent system.
ChemInform Abstract: One Step Synthesis of 2‐Hydroxymethylisoflavone and their Osteogenic Activity.
Authors: Kumar Manmeet , Rawat Preeti , Kureel Jyoti , Singh Anuj Kumar , Singh Divya , Maurya Rakesh
Published: June 2011

An efficient and operationally simple synthesis of the new title compounds (III), potential anti‐osteoporotic agents, is given.
ChemInform Abstract: A Revisit to the Hantzsch Reaction: Unexpected Formation of Tetrahydrobenzo[b]pyrans Beyond Polyhydroquinolines.
Authors: Undale Kedar A. , Park YoonKook , Park Kyungmoon , Dagade Dilip H. , Pore Dattaprasad M.
Published: June 2011

The reaction of dimedone (Ia) with aldehydes (V) and malononitrile in the presence of equimolar amount of NH4OAc yields unexpected tetrahydrobenzopyrans instead of quinolines.
ChemInform Abstract: Regiocontrolled Rearrangement of Isobenzofurans.
Authors: Egan Ben A. , Paradowski Michael , Thomas Lynne H. , Marquez Rodolfo
Published: June 2011

A variety of dihydroisochromanones is prepared with complete regiocontrol using TEMPO and Ph‐I(OAc)2 for the oxidative rearrangement step.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Method for the Synthesis of 3‐Fluoro‐4‐aryl‐2‐pyridone via Unprecedented Denitration.
Authors: Wang Xiao‐Wei , Cui Hai‐Feng , Wang Hai‐Feng , Yang Ying‐Quan , Zhao Gang , Zhu Shi‐Zheng
Published: June 2011

A simple two‐step method to synthesize pyridones is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper(II)‐Catalyzed ortho‐Functionalization of 2‐Arylpyridines with Acyl Chlorides.
Authors: Wang Wenhui , Pan Changduo , Chen Fan , Cheng Jiang
Published: June 2011

The copper‐catalyzed reaction of 2‐arylpyridines (I) with acyl chlorides in the presence of tBuOK gives rise to ortho‐benzoxylation products (III), whilst the reaction in the presence of Li2CO3 generates ortho‐chlorinated derivatives [cf.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed C,N‐Cross Coupling Reactions of 3‐Halo‐2‐aminopyridines.
Authors: Perez Felix , Minatti Ana
Published: June 2011

A variety of secondary and primary amines is applied in the reaction of the unprotected 3‐bromo‐2‐aminopyridines using LiN(Tms)2 as a base and the appropriate Pd‐catalyst (I).
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Multicomponent Reaction: Easy Access to Ferrocenyl (Alkylimino)‐1,4‐dihydroquinolines.
Authors: Pellegrini Sylvain , Grad Jean‐Noel , Bousquet Till , Pelinski Lydie
Published: June 2011

The three‐component reaction of dichloroquinoline with ferrocenyl alcohols and amines provides the title compounds (IV) and (VIIa).
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave Assisted One‐Pot Synthesis of Highly Potent Novel Isoniazid Analogues.
Authors: Manjashetty Thimmappa H. , Yogeeswari Perumal , Sriram Dharmarajan
Published: June 2011

The isoniazid analogues (IV) are tested for their in vitro activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv and the multi‐drug resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Cytotoxic Activities of 2‐(4‐(2‐Heterocycloethoxy)phenyl)‐1,2,4‐triazolo[1,5‐a]pyridines.
Authors: Zhang Guolin , Chen Jun
Published: June 2011

The synthesis of nine novel triazolopyridines (I) bearing pyrrolidine, piperidine, piperazine and morpholine heterocyclic appendages is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Vilsmeier Reaction of 3‐Aminopropenamides: One‐Pot Synthesis of Pyrimidin‐4(3H)‐ones.
Authors: Zhang Rui , Zhang Dingyuan , Liang Yongjiu , Zhou Guangyuan , Dong Dewen
Published: June 2011

The reaction provides a facile and efficient approach to pyrimidinones of type (III), (V) and (VIII).
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Promoted Efficient Synthesis of Dihydroquinazolines.
Authors: Sarma Rupam , Prajapati Dipak
Published: June 2011

An efficient catalyst‐ and solvent free one‐pot protocol for the synthesis of 1,2‐dihydroquinazolines (31 examples) from 2‐aminobenzophenones and aldehydes is developed, using urea as an environmentally benign source of ammonia.
ChemInform Abstract: Aluminum Nitrate‐Catalyzed One‐Pot Synthesis of 4(3H)‐Quinazolinones by a Three‐Component Coupling of Anthanilic Acid, Amines, and Ortho Esters.
Authors: Wang Min , Song Zhiguo , Zhang Tingting
Published: June 2011

14 title compounds of type (IV) are prepared by an aluminum nitrate‐catalyzed three‐component one‐pot synthesis.
ChemInform Abstract: Silica‐Gel‐Catalyzed Efficient Synthesis of Quinoxaline Derivatives under Solvent‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Nandi Ganesh Chandra , Samai Subhasis , Kumar Ram , Singh M. S.
Published: June 2011

Quinoxaline derivatives of type (III) or (VII) or pyrazines (V) and (VIII) are prepared under solvent‐free conditions by the reaction of 1,2‐diketones (II) or (VI) with 1,2‐diamino compounds (I) or (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Design, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of New Arylpiperazine Derivatives Bearing a Flavone Moiety as α1‐Adrenoceptor Antagonists.
Authors: Jin Jing , Wang Xiao‐Bing , Kong Ling‐Yi
Published: June 2011

Eighteen title derivatives, bearing a flavone and an arylpiperazine moiety, are synthesized to evaluate the influence of alkyl substituents at the terminal piperazine nucleus on the α1‐AR antagonistic activity.
ChemInform Abstract: Organocatalytic versus Iron‐Assisted β‐Boration of Electron‐Deficient Olefins.
Authors: Bonet Amadeu , Sole Cristina , Gulyas Henrik , Fernandez Elena
Published: June 2011

The influence of Fe and/or phosphine catalysis on the β‐borylation of α,β‐unsaturated carbonyl or imine compounds is studied.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Syntheses of syn‐ and anti‐β‐Hydroxyallylsilanes via Allene Hydroboration‐Aldehyde Allylboration Reactions.
Authors: Chen Ming , Roush William R.
Published: June 2011

At temperatures below ‐40°C, the hydroboration proceeds under kinetic control via an intermediate (Z)‐isomer and the syn‐β‐hydroxyallylsilanes (III) arise as the only products.
ChemInform Abstract: Activation of the Si—B Linkage: Copper‐Catalyzed Addition of Nucleophilic Silicon to Imines.
Authors: Vyas Devendra J. , Froehlich Roland , Oestreich Martin
Published: June 2011

A variety of aldehyde‐ and ketone‐derived imines is subjected to the reaction with silicon nucleophile (II) to afford the α‐silylated secondary and tertiary amines.
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral Magnesium BINOL Phosphate‐Catalyzed Phosphination of Imines: Access to Enantioenriched α‐Amino Phosphine Oxides.
Authors: Ingle Gajendrasingh K. , Liang Yuxue , Mormino Michael G. , Li Guilong , Fronczek Frank R. , Antilla Jon C.
Published: June 2011

The use of phosphine oxides bearing aromatic substituents allows the preparation of a broad spectrum of biologically interesting target compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Tandem Phospha‐Friedel—Crafts Reaction Toward Curved π‐Conjugated Frameworks with a Phosphorus Ring Junction.
Authors: Hatakeyama Takuji , Hashimoto Sigma , Nakamura Masaharu
Published: June 2011

m‐Teraryl iodides are subjected to lithium—halogen exchange with subsequent trapping with PCl3 and tandem phospha‐Friedel—Crafts reaction to afford the heptacyclic phosphine sulfudes (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Magnetically Separable and Reusable Copper Ferrite Nanoparticles for Cross‐Coupling of Aryl Halides with Diphenyl Diselenide.
Authors: Swapna Kokkirala , Murthy Sabbavarapu Narayana , Nageswar Yadavalli Venkata Durga
Published: June 2011

The use of magnetically separable and recyclable CuFe2O4 system offers significant improvements concerning operational simplicity in the synthesis of both aryl and alkyl selenides.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Class of Hybrid Natural Products Derived from Lupeol/Lupenone. Part 2.
Authors: Misra Namita , Kumar Satish , Raj Kanwal
Published: June 2011

A variety of prototype hybrid forms of lupeol is synthesized by chemical modifications of lupeol or lupenone.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric α‐2‐Tosylvinylation of in situ Generated N‐2‐Tosylvinyl Proline‐Derived Ammonium Ylides.
Authors: Igarashi Tomohito , Tayama Eiji , Iwamoto Hajime , Hasegawa Eietsu
Published: June 2011

In most cases, the title reaction proceeds with good diastereo‐ and enantioselectivity to produce synthons for ring expansion in N‐heterocycle chemistry.
ChemInform Abstract: Design, Synthesis and Antibacterial Activity of 3‐Methylenepyrrolidine Formyl Hydroxyamino Derivatives as Novel Peptide Deformylase Inhibitors.
Authors: Shi Wei , Ma Haikun , Duan Yuejiao , Aubart Kelly , Fang Yuhong , Zonis Rimma , Yang Liping , Hu Wenhao
Published: June 2011

Structural modification of a recently developed PDF inhibitor by replacing the pyrrolidine functionality with 3‐methylenepyrrolidine leads to the discovery of derivatives (I) exhibiting better in vitro antibacterial activity than the reference compounds against drug‐resistant clinical isolates including MRSA, PRSP, and H.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal‐Free Deprotection of Terminal Acetonides by Using tert‐Butyl Hydroperoxide in Aqueous Medium.
Authors: Maddani Mahagundappa R. , Prabhu Kandikere R.
Published: June 2011

A useful procedure is developed for a regioselective and chemoselective deprotection.
ChemInform Abstract: Discovery of Indole Alkaloids with Cannabinoid CB1 Receptor Antagonistic Activity.
Authors: Kitajima Mariko , Iwai Masumi , Kikura‐Hanajiri Ruri , Goda Yukihiro , Iida Mitsuru , Yabushita Hisatoshi , Takayama Hiromitsu
Published: June 2011

The new compound (I) is isolated from Voacanga africana together with two known indole alkaloids.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Antitumor Activity of Novel Ribonucleosides with C‐5 OH Replaced by a Diaminopyrimidinyl Group.
Authors: Wang Kerang , Wu Ling , Qin Zhanbin , Yan Xinhao , Li Xiaoliu , Chen Hua , Zhang Pingzhu , Zhang Jinchao
Published: June 2011

Stepwise nucleophilic substitution reactions of ribonucleosides (I) with dichloropyrimidine (II), and fatty amines (IV) under microwave irradiation afford the novel ribonucleosides (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Formal Synthesis of Strobilurins A and X.
Authors: Grigorieva N. Ya. , Popovsky V. A. , Stepanov A. V. , Lubuzh E. D.
Published: June 2011

An eight‐step formal total synthesis of strobilurins A (Ia) and X (Ib) is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Antioxidant Flavonoid Derivatives.
Authors: Yanase Emiko , Jang Young P. , Nakanishi Koji
Published: June 2011

Quercetin‐caffeic acid (Ia) and quercetin‐curcumin conjugate (Ib) are synthesized starting from quercetin or curcumin, respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Periodic Mesoporous Hydridosilica — Synthesis of an “Impossible” Material and Its Thermal Transformation into Brightly Photoluminescent Periodic Mesoporous Nanocrystal Silicon‐Silica Composite.
Authors: Xie Zhuoying , Henderson Eric J. , Dag Oemer , Wang Wendong , Lofgreen Jennifer E. , Kuebel Christian , Scherer Torsten , Brodersen Peter M. , Gu Zhong‐Ze , Ozin Geoffrey A.
Published: June 2011

Meso‐HSiO1.5 is synthesized by template‐directed self‐assembly of HSi(OEt)3 under aqueous acid‐catalyzed conditions from mixtures of Pluronic‐123 surfactant, NaCl, aqueous HCl, BuOH, and HSi(OEt)3 (room temperature, 12 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Antimicrobial Activity of a New Combination System of Benzimidazole and Various Azoles.
Authors: Oezkay Yusuf , Tunali Yagmur , Karaca Huelya , Isikdag Ilhan
Published: June 2011

The compounds (I) exhibit significant activity against Candida species, additional the compounds (Ia)‐(Ic) are recognized as non‐toxic.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Anticonvulsant Activity of New N‐Mannich Bases Derived from 5‐Cyclopropyl‐5‐phenyl‐hydantoins.
Authors: Byrtus Hanna , Obniska Jolanta , Czopek Anna , Kaminski Krzysztof
Published: June 2011

The compounds (I) are screened for their anticonvulsant activity using intraperitoneal maximal electroshock (MES) and subcutaneous pentylenetetrazole seizures tests on mice.
ChemInform Abstract: Coordination Assemblies of Polyoxomolybdate Cluster Framework: From Labile Building Blocks to Stable Functional Materials
Authors: Li Fengyan , Xu Lin
Published: June 2011

Review: 114 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Solid Electrolytes with Predominant Chloride Conductivity
Authors: Murin I. V. , Glumov O. V. , Mel'nikova N. A.
Published: June 2011

Review: 36 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Americium and Curium
Authors: Runde Wolfgang
Published: June 2011

Review: 181 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Plutonium
Authors: Neu Mary P. , Goff George S. , Runde Wolfgang
Published: June 2011

Review: 168 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Two‐Dimensional Zeolites: Dream or Reality?
Authors: Roth Wieslaw J. , Cejka Jiri
Published: June 2011

Review: synthetic approaches, identification and characterization, catalytic behavior; 82 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Structural Considerations and Reactivity of Peroxocomplexes of V(V), Mo(VI) and W(VI)
Authors: Ramos M. Luisa , Justino Licinia L. G. , Burrows Hugh D.
Published: June 2011

Review: 100 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Electrochemical Synthesis of Metal Alloys for Magnetic Recording Systems
Authors: Sugiyama Atsushi , Yoshino Masahiro , Hachisu Takuma , Osaka Tetsuya
Published: June 2011

Review: 103 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Human Diseases Related to Aluminum Overload
Authors: Crisponi Guido , Nurchi Valeria M. , Faa Gavino , Remelli Maurizio
Published: June 2011

Review: 102 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Transition Metal Catalyzed Synthesis of Aryl Sulfides
Authors: Eichman Chad C. , Stambuli James P.
Published: June 2011

Review: 108 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Approaches to Regiospecifically Mono‐ and Dilabelled Arenes
Authors: Gregson Thomas J. , Herbert John M. , Row Eleanor C.
Published: June 2011

Review: 268 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Asymmetric Allylic Alkylation Employing Heteroatom Nucleophiles: A Powerful Method for C—X Bond Formation
Authors: Trost Barry M. , Zhang Ting , Sieber Joshua D.
Published: June 2011

Review: 142 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Ene—Yne Cross‐Metathesis with Ruthenium Carbene Catalysts
Authors: Fischmeister Cedric , Bruneau Christian
Published: June 2011

Review: 87 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Olefin Metathesis in Nanosized Systems
Authors: Astruc Didier , Diallo Abdou K. , Gatard Sylvain , Liang Liyuan , Ornelas Catia , Martinez Victor , Mery Denise , Ruiz Jaime
Published: June 2011

Review: 70 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Coupling Reactions Promoted by Silver
Authors: Weibel Jean‐Marc , Blanc Aurelien , Pale Patrick
Published: June 2011

Review: 161 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Sigmatropic Rearrangements and Related Processes Promoted by Silver
Authors: Weibel Jean‐Marc , Blanc Aurelien , Pale Patrick
Published: June 2011

Review: 90 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Kolbe—Schmitt Reaction
Authors: Hayes Martin E.
Published: June 2011

Review: 44 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Blanc Chloromethylation
Authors: Mullins Richard J. , Faylor Reid M.
Published: June 2011

Review: 41 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Thorpe—Ziegler Cyclization
Authors: Mullins Richard J. , Danneman Michael W.
Published: June 2011

Review: 51 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: De Mayo Reaction
Authors: Wu Yong‐Jin
Published: June 2011

Review: 92 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Reply to T. W. Bentley: Limitations of the s(E + N) and Related Equations
Authors: Mayr Herbert
Published: June 2011

Review: 23 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Free Energy Calculations for Cyclodextrin Inclusion Complexes
Authors: Cai Wen Sheng , Wang Teng , Liu Ying Zhe , Liu Peng , Chipot Christophe , Shao Xue Guang
Published: June 2011

Review: 98 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Metallo‐Oxidase Enzymes: Design of Their Active Sites
Authors: Xiao Zhiguang , Wedd Anthony G.
Published: June 2011

Review: 57 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Electron‐phonon Coupling Constants in the Negatively and Positively Charged Annulenes: Calculated Results
Authors: Kato Takashi
Published: June 2011

Review: 32 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Applications of Powder X‐Ray Diffraction to Inclusion Complexes of Cyclodextrins
Authors: Dang Zheng , Song Le Xin , Guo Xue Qing , Du Fang Yun , Yang Jun , Yang Jing
Published: June 2011

Review: 157 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Structural Aspects of Crystalline Derivatized Cyclodextrins and Their Inclusion Complexes
Authors: Caira Mino R.
Published: June 2011

Review: 52 refs.
Experimental test of absorption flattening correction for circular dichroism of particle suspensions
Authors: Gerdova Anna , Kelly Sharon M. , Halling Peter
Published: June 2011

There are well established theoretical models for correction for absorption flattening of circular dichroism (CD) measurements on particle suspensions. However, these have not been directly tested experimentally. We describe a test system with the chiral tris(ethylenediamine)Co(III) complex dissolved in water trapped inside sephadex particles, suspended in 1‐butanol. Independent measurements of particle size distribution, volume fraction, and the absorbance of the suspension are used to calculate the required CD correction. The corrected CD signal is found to agree rather well with that for the same amount of Co‐complex dispersed uniformly throughout the sample cell. This holds for different particle volume fractions and Co‐complex concentrations inside the particles. The correction seems to work despite a substantial scattering contribution to the absorbance, which is not considered in the theoretical models. Chirality, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Rheological Properties of Capsule Membranes
Authors: Leick Sabine , Degen Patrick , Rehage Heinz
Published: June 2011

Mithilfe der Spinning‐ und Squeezing‐Capsule‐Methode lassen sich die rheologischen Eigenschaften von Kapselmembranen charakterisieren. Anhand eines Kapselmodellsystems konnte gezeigt werden, dass der Einbau von Feststoffpartikeln in die Gelmembranen flüssig gefüllter Kapseln zu einer Steigerung der mechanischen Stabilität und Erhöhung der Elastizitätsmoduln führt. Durch Kombination beider Methoden konnte außerdem die zweidimensionale Querkontraktionszahl für das Kapselhüllmaterial bestimmt werden.
Capillary Forces in Suspensions: Rheological Features und Potential Applications
Authors: Koos Erin , Dittmann Jens , Willenbacher Norbert
Published: June 2011

Es hat sich gezeigt, dass in Suspensionen Kapillarkräfte zwischen der dispersen und der kontinuierlichen Phase eine tragende Rolle bzgl. der rheologischen Eigenschaften spielen. Im Rahmen dieses Beitrages wird aufgezeigt, dass das rheologische Verhalten einer in der kontinuierlichen Phase dispergierten dispersen Phase deutlich durch die Zugabe einer geringen Menge (< 1 %) nicht mit der Hauptphase mischbaren Zweitphase modifiziert werden kann, was auf Kapillarkräfte zurückzuführen ist. Diesen Effekt kann man sich nun zum gezielten Einstellen von Produkteigenschaften zu Nutze machen.
Supported single‐site catalysts for slurry and gas‐phase olefin polymerisation
Authors: Choi Yiyoung , Soares João B. P.
Published: June 2011

Early and late transition metal single‐site catalysts revolutionised the polyolefin manufacturing industry and research with their ability to make polymers with uniform microstructural properties. Several of these catalysts are currently used commercially to produce commodity and differentiated‐commodity resins. The key to their rapid success and industrial implementation resided in the fact that they could be used without major modifications in the polymerisation reactors that previously used heterogeneous Ziegler–Natta and Phillips catalysts. Since most of these industrial processes use slurry or gas‐phase reactors, the soluble single‐site catalysts must be supported on adequate carriers that ensure not only high activity, but also the formation of polymer particles with the proper morphology and bulk densities. In this article, we will review several methods used for supporting single‐site early and late transition metal catalysts on a variety of supports. © 2011 Canadian Society for Chemical Engineering
Process intensification of synthesis of magnetite using spinning disc reactor
Authors: Moharir Rupesh G. , Gogate Parag R. , Rathod Virendra K.
Published: June 2011

An instantaneous co‐precipitation reaction for the synthesis of magnetite particles has been investigated in conventional mechanically agitated reactor and novel spinning disc reactor (SDR) with an objective of process intensification. Characteristics of the particles have been analysed using Coulter Counter particle analyser. It has been observed that the particle size distribution is more uniform with overall lower power consumption in the SDR as compared to the conventional reactors. With a viewpoint of improving the synthesis process in terms of the obtained conversion levels in the SDR, effect of different operating parameters viz. rotational speed, diameter and type of the disc, flow rate of the reactants and the operating temperature on the synthesis process has also been investigated. It has been observed that the flow rate of the reactants as well as disc characteristics have a significant influence on the extent of conversion. Overall, it has been established that the SDR gives excellent particle size distribution characteristics as compared to the conventional approaches and hence results in process improvement/intensification for magnetite synthesis process at comparatively lower energy inputs.
Effects of acid treatment on adhesive performance of encapsulated aluminium pigments on plastic sheets
Authors: Pi P. H. , Chen J. , Chen K. , Cai Z. Q. , Zheng D. F. , Wen X. F. , Cheng J. , Yang Z. R.
Published: June 2011

In this study, aluminium pigments were encapsulated with hydroxyl group‐containing acrylic resin after surface acid treatment to enhance their adhesive performance in the paint film. The removal efficiency of fatty acid on surface of aluminium particles was studied by means of thermogravimetric analysis and the effect of acid treatment on adhesive performance of aluminium pigments encapsulated with hydroxyl group‐containing acrylic resin in the paint film was investigated by pulling‐off tests. It was found that fatty acid on surface of aluminium particles was removed efficiently by acid ethanol solution, and then hydroxyl group‐containing acrylic resin can be encapsulated onto the surface of the aluminium particles by chemisorptions. The encapsulated aluminium pigments have excellent adhesive performance in the paint film. © 2011 Canadian Society for Chemical Engineering
Struktur‐Eigenschafts‐Beziehungen in der Organischen Chemie
Authors: Graulich Nicole , Schreiner Peter R.
Published: June 2011

Ein Chemiestudium zählt mit zu den schwersten Studiengängen und die Quote der Studienabbrecher ist höher als in anderen Fächern. Diese Tatsache liegt zum einen an der hohen zeitlichen Belastung der Studierenden, aber auch am Fehlen geeigneter Lehrkonzepte. Um die Inhalte des Chemiestudiums neu zu definieren und handlungsfähiger für die Studierenden zu gestalten, müssen neue Forschungsergebnisse sinnvoll mit Basiskonzepten verknüpft werden. Durch die Basiskonzepte bietet uns die Chemie bereits ein erfolgreiches Ordnungsprinzip, das jedoch nicht in vollem Umfang genutzt wird, um neues Wissen zu integrieren. In diesem Artikel wird auf die Bedeutung von Struktur‐Eigenschafts‐Beziehungen in der Lehre der Organischen Chemie eingegangen. Wie sich im Hinblick darauf ein heuristischer Ansatz aus Ergebnissen der organisch‐chemischen Forschung entwickelte, soll anhand des Sechs‐Elektronenkonzepts dargestellt werden.
The Value of Admission HbA1c Level in Diabetic Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome
Authors: Chan Chi Yuen , Li Ruijie , Chan Joseph Yat Sun , Zhang Qing , Chan Chin Pang , Dong Ming , Yan Bryan P. , Lam Yat‐Yin , Yu Cheuk‐Man
Published: June 2011

Background:

Elevated admission glucose level is a strong predictor of short‐term adverse outcome in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). However, the prognostic value of diabetic control (ie, hemoglobin A1c levels) in patients with ACS is still undefined.

Hypothesis:

Hemoglobin A1c level may predict short‐term outcome in patients with ACS.

Methods:

We conducted a retrospective study with prospective follow‐up in 317 diabetic patients with ACS. Patients were stratified into 2 groups based on HbA1c level, checked within 8 weeks of the index admission (optimal control group, HbA1c ≤7%; suboptimal control group, HbA1c >7%). All patients were followed up prospectively for major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and mortality for 6 months. Short‐term clinical outcomes were also compared between the 2 study groups.

Results:

In our cohort, 27.4%, 46.4%, and 26.2% patients had unstable angina, non–ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction, and ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction, respectively. In‐hospital mortality was similar in both HbA1c groups (3.37% vs 2.88%, P = 0.803). Six‐month MACE was also similar (26.40% vs 26.47%, P = 0.919). All‐cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, symptom‐driven revascularization, rehospitalization for angina, and hospitalization for heart failure were also similar in both groups. The hazard ratios for 6‐month MACE and individual endpoints were also similar in both groups.

Conclusions:

This study suggests that HbA1c levels before admission are not associated with short‐term cardiovascular outcome in diabetic patients subsequently admitted with ACS. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

The authors have no funding, financial relationships, or conflicts of interest to disclose.
Right Ventricular Systolic Pressure Assessed by Echocardiography: A Predictive Factor of Mortality in Patients With Scleroderma
Authors: Kiatchoosakun Songsak , Wongvipaporn Chaiyasith , Nanagara Ratanavadee , Hoit Brian D.
Published: June 2011

Background:

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a well‐known complication of systemic sclerosis (SSc). Doppler echocardiographic screening for the detection of PAH (by measuring right ventricular systolic pressure [RVSP]) is therefore recommended for all patients with SSc. However, the validity of RVSP as a predictor of mortality in patients with SSc is not well established.

Hypothesis:

Doppler‐determined PAH identifies a high‐risk subset of patients with SSc with decreased survival.

Methods:

We performed echocardiography in 155 consecutive patients with SSc between May 2005 and July 2006 and tested the value of an RVSP level of ≥36 mm Hg to predict mortality. Cox proportional hazards model was used to examine the individual relationship between each variable and the mortality rate.

Results:

Tricuspid regurgitant jets for RVSP determination were quantified in 129 patients (82.6%), of which 47 (36.4%) had RVSP ≥36 mm Hg. The median follow‐up time was 34 months. The 1‐, 2‐, and 3‐year survival rates were significantly lower among SSc patients with RVSP ≥36 vs ≤36 mm Hg (82%, 78%, and 67% vs 98%, 90%, and 86%, respectively, P < 0.01 by Wilcoxon test). In a multivariate analysis including echocardiographic and clinical variables, only an RVSP ≥36 mm Hg and a New York Heart Association III/IV class were associated with increased mortality; the respective Cox hazard ratios were 2.22 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01–4.89, P = 0.048) and 4.77 (95% CI: 2.09–10.90, P = 0.000).

Conclusions:

Our results indicate that Doppler RVSP identifies a high‐risk subset and supports the use of Doppler RVSP as a screening test in patients with SSc who may warrant early treatment of their PAH. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

The authors have no funding, financial relationships, or conflicts of interest to disclose.
Electrocardiogram‐Based Predictors of Sudden Cardiac Death in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Liew Reginald
Published: June 2011

Current recommendations on which patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) should be offered an implantable cardioverter defibrillator for the primary prevention of sudden cardiac death (SCD) rely heavily on the presence of depressed left ventricular ejection fraction. Because the majority of SCD victims with CAD have preserved left ventricular function, additional cardiac investigations are likely to play an increasing role in the risk stratification of CAD patients. A number of studies have demonstrated that certain parameters on the traditional 12‐lead electrocardiogram (ECG) and other ECG‐based investigations (such as signal‐averaged ECG, heart rate turbulence, T‐wave alternans) can provide important information on the underlying cardiac substrate abnormality that may predispose to ventricular arrhythmias and SCD. This article reviews some of the evidence for these ECG‐based tests as predictors of SCD in patients with CAD and addresses their advantages and limitations. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

The author has no funding, financial relationships, or conflicts of interest to disclose.
Peripheral Arterial Disease—What Do We Need to Know?
Authors: Shanmugasundaram Madhan , Ram Vinny K. , Luft Ulrich C. , Szerlip Molly , Alpert Joseph S.
Published: June 2011

Peripheral artery disease (PAD) results from progressive narrowing of arteries secondary to atherosclerosis and is defined as an Ankle Brachial Index of <0.9. PAD is highly prevalent and is an increasing burden on both the economy and the patient, especially given the rapid shift in demographics in the United States. Despite its prevalence and association with cardiovascular disease, PAD is still underdiagnosed and undertreated. This may, in part, be related to lack of recognition from the physician's side or paucity of evidence from clinical trials. It has been shown that medical therapy approved for cardiovascular disease is effective in the treatment of PAD and decreases cardiovascular events. Various revascularization strategies are also available for improving symptoms and quality of life in these patients, yet they are underutilized. In an attempt to increase its recognition, PAD has been considered a coronary artery disease equivalent. This article reviews the diagnosis and management of PAD. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

The authors have no funding, financial relationships, or conflicts of interest to disclose.
Dye Removal from Colored Textile Wastewater by Poly(propylene imine) Dendrimer: Operational Parameters and Isotherm Studies
Authors: Hayati Bagher , Mahmoodi Niyaz Mohammad , Arami Mokhtar , Mazaheri Firoozmehr
Published: June 2011

This paper deals with the removal of textile dyes from aqueous solutions by poly(propylene imine) dendrimer (PPI). Direct red 80 (DR80), Acid Green 25 (AG25), Acid Blue 7 (AB7), and Direct Red 23 (DR23) were used as model dyes. The effects of operational parameters on dye removal such as dendrimer concentration, dye concentration, salt (inorganic anions), and pH have been studied at 25°C. The Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models were investigated. In addition, dye desorption of dendrimer was studied. The results indicated that acidic pH supported the adsorption of dyes by dendrimer. Furthermore studies of dye concentration and salt effects exhibited that dye removal percentage by dendrimer was decreased. It was found that the isotherm data of DR80, AG25, and DR23 followed Langmuir isotherm and isotherm data of AB7 followed Freundlich isotherm models. Desorption tests showed that maximum dye releasing of 76.5% for DR80, 84.5% for AG25, 87% for AB7, and 93% for DR23 were achieved in aqueous solution at pH 12. Based on the data of present study, one could conclude that the dendrimer being an environmentally friendly adsorbent with relatively large adsorption capacity might be a suitable alternative for elimination of dyes from colored textile wastewater.
Biofiltration of Hexane Vapor: Experimental and Neural Model Analysis
Authors: Zamir Morteza , Halladj Rouein , Saber Mohammad , Ferdowsi Milad , Nasernejad Bahram
Published: June 2011

Biofiltration is a commonly practiced biological technique to remove volatile compounds from waste gas streams. From an industrial view‐point, biofilter (BF) operation should be flexible to handle temperatures and inlet load (IL) variations. A compost BF was operated at different temperatures (30–45°C) and at various inlet loading rates (ILR; 8–598 g m−3 h−1) under intermittent loading conditions. Complete removal of n‐hexane was observed at 30 and 35°C at ILRs up to 330 g m−3 h−1. Besides, 20–75% of the pollutant was removed at 40°C, corresponding to the different ILs applied to the BF. Increasing the temperature to 45°C decreased the removal efficiency (RE) significantly. A feed forward neural network was used to predict the RE of BF with temperature and ILR as the input variables. The experimental data was divided into training (2/3) and test datasets (1/3). The best structure of neural network was obtained by trial and error on the basis of the least differences between predicted and experimental values, as ascertained from their coefficient of regression (R2) values. The modeling results showed that a multilayer network with the topology 2−10−1 was able to predict BF performance effectively with R2‐value of 0.995 for the test data. The results from this study showed the predicting capability of ANNs which can be considered as an alternative for conventional knowledge‐based models.
Removal of Cu2+ and Pb2+ Ions Using CMC Based Thermoresponsive Nanocomposite Hydrogel
Authors: Özkahraman Bengi , Acar Işıl , Emik Serkan
Published: June 2011

In this study, carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) based thermoresponsive nanocomposite hydrogel was synthesized for the removal of Cu2+ and Pb2+ ions from aqueous solutions. To prepare nanocomposite hydrogel, graft copolymerization of N‐isopropyl acrylamide (NIPAm) and acrylic acid (AA) onto CMC was carried out in Na‐montmorillonite (MMT)/water suspension media and ammonium persulfate (APS) used as initiator. The chemical structures of hydrogels were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) and X‐ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD). Lower critical solution temperature (LCST), pH responsivity, swelling, and deswelling properties of the hydrogels were also examined. In addition competitive and non‐competitive removal of Cu2+ and Pb2+ studies were carried out. According to heavy metal sorption studies results, removal capacities of nanocomposite hydrogel for both metal ions were found to be higher than those of pure hydrogel. The analyzed adsorption data showed that the adsorption process of Cu2+ and Pb2+ could be explained by pseudo‐second order kinetic model. Moreover, according to competitive sorption studies, it is found to be that both hydrogels are more selective to Cu2+ ion rather than Pb2+.
Design, Synthesis, and Biological Activity of Urea Derivatives as Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase Inhibitors
Authors: Boije af Gennäs Gustav , Mologni Luca , Ahmed Shaheen , Rajaratnam Mohanathas , Marin Oriano , Lindholm Niko , Viltadi Michela , Gambacorti‐Passerini Carlo , Scapozza Leonardo , Yli‐Kauhaluoma Jari
Published: June 2011

In anaplastic large‐cell lymphomas, chromosomal translocations involving the kinase domain of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), generally fused to the 5’ part of the nucleophosmin gene, produce highly oncogenic ALK fusion proteins that deregulate cell cycle, apoptosis, and differentiation in these cells. Other fusion oncoproteins involving ALK, such as echinoderm microtubule‐associated protein‐like 4‐ALK, were recently found in patients with non‐small‐cell lung, breast, and colorectal cancers. Recent research has focused on the development of inhibitors for targeted therapy of these ALK‐positive tumors. Because kinase inhibitors that target the inactive conformation are thought to be more specific than ATP‐targeted inhibitors, we investigated the possibility of using two known inhibitors, doramapimod and sorafenib, which target inactive kinases, to design new urea derivatives as ALK inhibitors. We generated a homology model of ALK in its inactive conformation complexed with doramapimod or sorafenib in its active site. The results elucidated why doramapimod is a weak inhibitor and why sorafenib does not inhibit ALK. Virtual screening of commercially available compounds using the homology model of ALK yielded candidate inhibitors, which were tested using biochemical assays. Herein we present the design, synthesis, biological activity, and structure–activity relationships of a novel series of urea compounds as potent ALK inhibitors. Some compounds showed inhibition of purified ALK in the high nanomolar range and selective antiproliferative activity on ALK‐positive cells.
Adamantyl Ethanone Pyridyl Derivatives: Potent and Selective Inhibitors of Human 11β‐Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1
Authors: Su Xiangdong , Pradaux‐Caggiano Fabienne , Vicker Nigel , Thomas Mark P. , Halem Heather , Culler Michael D. , Potter Barry V. L.
Published: June 2011

Elevated levels of active glucocorticoids have been implicated in the development of several phenotypes of metabolic syndrome, such as type 2 diabetes and obesity. 11β‐Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β‐HSD1) catalyses the intracellular conversion of inactive cortisone to cortisol. Selective 11β‐HSD1 inhibitors have shown beneficial effects in various conditions, including diabetes, dyslipidemia and obesity. A series of adamantyl ethanone pyridyl derivatives has been identified, providing potent and selective inhibitors of human 11β‐HSD1. Lead compounds display low nanomolar inhibition against human and mouse 11β‐HSD1 and are selective for this isoform, with no activity against 11β‐HSD2 and 17β‐HSD1. Structure–activity relationship studies reveal that an unsubstituted pyridine tethered to an adamantyl ethanone motif through an ether or sulfoxide linker provides a suitable pharmacophore for activity. The most potent inhibitors have IC50 values around 34–48 nM against human 11β‐HSD1, display reasonable metabolic stability in human liver microsomes, and weak inhibition of key human CYP450 enzymes.
21‐Gene recurrence scores
Authors: Lund Mary Jo , Mosunjac Marina , Davis Kelly M. , Gabram‐Mendola Sheryl , Rizzo Monica , Bumpers Harvey L. , Hearn Sherita , Zelnak Amelia , Styblo Toncred , O'Regan Ruth M.
Published: June 2011

BACKGROUND:

African American (AA) women experience higher breast cancer mortality than white (W) women. These differences persist even among estrogen receptor (ER)‐positive breast cancers. The 21‐gene recurrence score (RS) predicts recurrence in patients with ER‐positive/lymph node‐negative breast cancer according to RS score—low risk (RS, 0‐18), intermediate risk (RS, 19‐31), and high risk (RS, >31). The high‐risk group is most likely to benefit from chemotherapy, to achieve minimal benefit from hormonal therapy, and to exhibit lower ER levels (intrinsically luminal B cancers). In the current study, the authors investigated racial differences in RS testing, scores, treatment, and outcome.

METHODS:

Tumor registry data from 3 Atlanta hospitals identified women who were diagnosed with breast cancers during 2005 through 2009. Medical record abstraction provided information on RS and other tumor/treatment factors. Statistical analyses used chi‐square/exact tests and logistic regression.

RESULTS:

Of 2186 patients, including 1192 AA women and 992 W women, 853 women had stage I or II, ER‐positive/lymph node‐negative disease and, thus, were eligible for RS testing (AA = 372 [31.2%]; W = 481 [48.5%]; P < .0001); and 272 women (31.8%) received testing (AA = 76 [20.4%]; W = 196 [40.7%]; P < .0001). Tumors were distributed into the following groups according to risk: low risk (n = 133), medium risk (n = 113), and high risk (n = 26). The mean RS did not differ by race, but risk groups did (low‐risk group: 46.1% vs 50% for AA women and W women, respectively; high‐risk group: 15.8% vs 7.1%, respectively; P = .043). In multivariate analyses, AA race (odds ratio, 3.6) was associated independently with high risk scores.

CONCLUSIONS:

AA women were half as likely as W women to receive 21‐gene RS testing but were 2‐fold more likely to be categorized as high risk. The current data suggested that testing guidelines are not applied equivalently, testing bias may attenuate racial differences in RS, and disparate outcomes may be explained in part by differences in RS, although compliance and pharmacogenomics also may play a role. Cancer 2012;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.