bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The corrected donor age for hepatitis C virus–infected liver transplant recipients
Authors: Dirchwolf Melisa , Dodge Jennifer L. , Gralla Jane , Bambha Kiran M. , Nydam Trevor , Hung Kenneth W. , Rosen Hugo R. , Feng Sandy , Terrault Norah A. , Biggins Scott W.
Published: June 2015

Donor age has become the dominant donor factor used to predict graft failure (GF) after liver transplantation (LT) in hepatitis C virus (HCV) recipients. The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a model of corrected donor age (CDA) for HCV LT recipients that transforms the risk of other donor factors into the scale of donor age. We analyzed all first LT recipients with HCV in the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) registry from January 1998 to December 2007 (development cohort, n = 14,538) and January 2008 to December 2011 (validation cohort, n = 7502) using Cox regression, excluding early GF (<90 days from LT). Accuracy in predicting 1 year GF (death or repeat LT) was assessed with the net reclassification index (NRI). In the development cohort, after controlling for pre‐LT recipient factors and geotemporal trends (UNOS region, LT year), the following donor factors were independent predictors of GF, all P < 0.05: donor age (hazard ratio [HR], 1.02/year), donation after cardiac death (DCD; HR, 1.31), diabetes (HR, 1.23), height < 160 cm (HR, 1.13), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) ≥ 120 U/L (HR, 1.10), female (HR, 0.94), cold ischemia time (CIT; HR, 1.02/hour), and non–African American (non‐AA) donor–African American (AA) recipient (HR, 1.65). Transforming these risk factors into the donor age scale yielded the following: DCD = +16 years; diabetes = +12 years; height < 160 cm = +7 years; AST ≥ 120 U/L = +5 years; female = –4 years; and CIT = +1 year/hour > 8 hours and −1 year/hour < 8 hours. There was a large effect of donor‐recipient race combinations: +29 years for non‐AA donor and an AA recipient but only +5 years for an AA donor and an AA recipient, and −2 years for an AA donor and a non‐AA recipient. In a validation cohort, CDA better classified risk of 1‐year GF versus actual age (NRI, 4.9%; P = 0.009) and versus the donor risk index (9.0%, P < 0.001). The CDA, compared to actual donor age, provides an intuitive and superior estimation of graft quality for HCV‐positive LT recipients because it incorporates additional factors that impact LT GF rates. Liver Transpl 21:1022‐1030, 2015. © 2015 AASLD.
Liver transplantation for alveolar echinococcosis in an endemic region
Authors: Aydinli Bulent , Ozturk Gurkan , Arslan Sukru , Kantarci Mecit , Tan Onder , Ahıskalioglu Ali , Özden Kemalettin , Colak Abdurrahim
Published: June 2015

Alveolar echinococcosis (AE) is a chronic disease caused by ingestion of the eggs of the parasitic cestode Echinococcosis multilocularis (EM). In severe cases, liver transplantation (LT) may represent the only possibility of survival and cure. Patients undergoing LT associated with hepatic AE at our institution between April 2011 and October 2014 were investigated retrospectively. The clinical findings of the 27 patients who participated in the study were noted. Kaplan‐Meier and chi‐square tests were used to investigate the effect of these characteristics on survival and mortality. Living donor LT was performed on 20 patients (74.1%), and deceased donor LT was performed on 7 patients (25.9%). Hilar invasion was the most common indication (14 patients, 51.9%) for transplantation. The patient follow‐up was 16.1 ± 11.4 months, and the overall survival rate was 77.8%. Primary nonfunction developed only in 2 patients in the posttransplantation period. Six patients died during monitoring, the most common cause of death being sepsis (3 patients). The relationship between the mortality rate of the patients and the invasion of the bile duct and/or portal vein by alveolar lesions was found to be statistically significant (P = 0.024 and P = 0.043, respectively). According to PNM staging, when the AE disease exceeds the resectability limits, the only alternative for the treatment of the disease is LT. However, different from LT due to cirrhosis, it is extremely difficult to perform a transplantation for AE disease because of the invasive characteristics of it. In order to decrease the difficulty of the operation and the postoperative mortality, the intracystic abscess and cholangitis which occur because of AE must be treated via medical and percutaneous methods before transplantation. Liver Transpl 21:1096‐1102, 2015. © 2015 AASLD.
Transarterial chemoembolization with drug‐eluting beads is effective for the maintenance of the Milan‐in status in patients with a small hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Manini Matteo Angelo , Sangiovanni Angelo , Martinetti Laura , Viganò Davide , La Mura Vincenzo , Aghemo Alessio , Iavarone Massimo , Crespi Silvia , Nicolini Antonio , Colombo Massimo
Published: June 2015

Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) is the standard of care for the treatment of patients with an intermediate (Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer [BCLC] B) hepatocellular carcinoma and to bridge patients with an early cancer to liver transplantation (LT). We explored the efficacy of TACE with drug‐eluting beads (DEB) in BCLC A patients. Included are all BCLC A patients unsuitable for resection or locoregional ablation who underwent a DEB TACE between 2006 and 2012. Treatment was carried out “a la demande” until complete tumor devascularization or progression beyond Milan criteria. In patients with a complete response (CR), a contrast computed tomography (CT) scan was repeated at 3‐month intervals during the first 2 years and then every 6 months alternating with abdominal ultrasound in the subsequent 3 years. Fifty‐five patients had 79 tumor nodules ranging 7 to 50 mm; 32 (58%) achieved a CR that was maintained up to 4 and 7 months in 21 (38%) and 17 (31%) patients, respectively. The 24‐ and 36‐month tumor‐free survivals were 21% and 9%, respectively. The overall cumulative progression beyond Milan criteria at 3, 6, 12, and 24 months was 2%, 5%, 30%, and 54%. LT eligibility was maintained for a median of 19 months (range, 2‐63 months). CR to first TACE was the strongest independent predictor of Milan‐in maintenance. In conclusion, DEB TACE may effectively bridge patients with an early cancer to LT, and a CR to the first procedure may guide patient prioritization during the waiting list.Liver Transpl 21:1259‐1269, 2015. © 2015 AASLD.
High Solid State Photoluminescence Quantum Yields and Effective Color Tuning in Polyvinylpyridine Based Zinc(II) Metallopolymers
Authors: Borbone Fabio , Caruso Ugo , Palma Simona Di , Fusco Sandra , Nabha Shiran , Panunzi Barbara , Shikler Rafi
Published: June 2015

Two series of amorphous metallopolymers are produced by grafting N′‐substituted aroylhydrazide zinc(II) coordinated fragments onto poly‐(4‐vinylpyridine) at several concentrations. The polymers are characterized concerning their thermal behavior and absorption/emission properties. In the solid state their photoluminescence (PL) performances are remarkable. The emission color can be effectively tuned across the entire visible spectrum by varying the strength of the electron acceptor substituent on the tridentate ligand. As concerns the emission intensity, PL quantum yields measured on spin coated thin films range from medium to high values and greatly exceed those of the model molecular complexes. Some of these values can be considered among the highest reported in the literature for metallopolymers.

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Preparation of High Performance Copolyimide Fibers via Increasing Draw Ratios
Authors: Zhang Mengying , Niu Hongqing , Lin Zhiwei , Qi Shengli , Chang Jingjing , Ge Qiyan , Wu Dezhen
Published: June 2015

High performance fibers based on copolyimide (co‐PI) containing benzimidazole and ether moieties were prepared via a two‐step wet spinning method. The effects of draw ratio on the structures and properties of the ﬁbers are investigated. The mechanical properties of the co‐PI fibers are improved greatly by increasing draw ratio at temperatures above 400 °C, reaching the optimum tensile strength of 2.8 GPa and modulus of 136 GPa, which is due to the development of the molecular orientation along the fiber direction. The hot drawing process roughens the fiber surface and stretches the molecules in the fibers. Moreover, the fiber structure evolutions during the drawing process were also discussed and a “smectic A liquid crystal‐like” model was proposed.
A three‐field stabilized finite element method for fluid‐structure interaction: elastic solid and rigid body limit
Authors: Hachem E. , Feghali S. , Coupez T. , Codina R.
Published: June 2015

We propose a full Eulerian framework for solving fluid‐structure interaction (FSI) problems based on a unified formulation in which the FSIs are modelled by introducing an extra stress in the momentum equation. The obtained three‐field velocity, pressure and stress system is solved using a stabilized finite element method. The key feature of this unified formulation is the ability to describe different kind of interactions between the fluid and the structure, which can be either elastic or a perfect rigid body, without the need of treating this last case via penalization. The level‐set method combined with a dynamic anisotropic mesh adaptation is used to track the fluid‐solid interface. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Superhydrophobic inorganic–organic composite coatings with hybrid micro‐nano binary structure on copper
Authors: Gao Ying , Yang Xiaodong , Men Yuzhuo , Wang Yi , Xiang Qian , Yue Fang , Ding Xiao , Li Jing , Yang Zhuojuan , Wang Qingcheng
Published: June 2015

Superhydrophobic surface of inorganic–organic composite coating with mechanical durability was fabricated via the combination of electroless galvanic deposition and crystal growth technique. Silver with dendritic morphologies was prepared on copper surface by electroless galvanic deposition. Stearic acid as a third phase was introduced to modify the morphology of the silver coatings. Fabrication of the inorganic–organic composite coatings improved effectively the mechanical durability and the hydrophobicity of silver coating. The hierarchical roughness features of the inorganic–organic composite coatings were investigated with scanning electron microscopy. The hydrophobicity of the composite coatings was characterized by contact‐angle goniometry. The inorganic–organic composite coatings consist of the petal‐like morphologies of stearic acid and the dendritic morphologies of silver. The hybrid hierarchical structure of the composite coatings shows a positive effect on the hydrophobicity and the mechanical durability. The contact angle of the superhydrophobic surfaces reached up to 162.6°. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Polyimide nanocomposites with novel functionalized‐graphene sheet: thermal property, morphology, gas permeation, and conductivity
Authors: Ju Jieun , Chang Jin‐Hae
Published: June 2015

4‐Amino‐N‐hexadecylbenzamide‐graphene sheets (AHB‐GSs), used in the preparation of polyimide (PI) nanocomposite films, were synthesized by mixing a dispersion of graphite oxide with a solution of the ammonium salt of AHB. The atomic force microscopy image of the AHB‐GSs on mica and a profile plot revealed the average sheet thickness to be ~3.21 nm. PI films were prepared by reacting 4,4'‐biphthalic anhydride and bis(4‐aminophenyl) sulfide. PI nanocomposite films containing different amounts of AHB‐GS (0–10 wt%) were compared for their morphologies, thermal properties, gas permeation, and electrical and thermal conductivities. The graphenes, for the most part, were well dispersed in the polymer matrix despite some agglomeration. However, micrometer‐scale particles were not detected. The average thickness of the particles was less than 10 nm, as revealed from the transmission electron microscope images. Only a small amount of AHB‐GS was required to improve the coefficient of thermal expansion, gas permeation, and electrical and thermal conductivities. In contrast, the glass transition temperature and initial decomposition temperature of the PI hybrid films continued to decrease with increasing AHB‐GS content up to 10 wt%. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Selective‐area growth and magnetic reversals of ferromagnetic nanoclusters on semiconducting substrate for magnetic logic applications
Authors: Hara Shinjiro , Komagata Keita
Published: June 2015

The use of selective‐area metal‐organic vapor phase epitaxy, which is our bottom‐up formation approach, to fabricate MnAs nanocluster composite arrays in which two nanoclusters are formed in close proximity at an angle of 120° and with a spatial gap of around 20 nm on GaAs (111)B substrates is reported in this paper. The magnetic reversals of the nanoclusters in the composite arrays are observed depending on the strengths and directions of the applied external magnetic fields at room temperature. The applied external magnetic fields for the magnetic reversals in one of the nanoclusters in the composites are possibly from 750 to 1000 Gauss (G). The characterization results obtained using magnetic force microscopy show that the magnetic reversals in the nanoclusters are independently controlled in nanocluster composites. Finally, we discuss the designing of the nanocluster size, shape, and arrangement to control the magnetization directions in the nanoclusters in the composites for possible application to magnetic logic operations based on the results of the magnetic reversals in the nanoclusters.
Comparison of Disposable Dunnage and Reusable Cradles in Container Shipping of Steel Rolled Coils: A Case Study in South Korea
Authors: Choi Bu‐Lim , Lee Kang‐Dae
Published: June 2015

In previous years, reusable coil cradles were rarely used in the shipping industry. This is because, despite their safe, reduced stowage qualities, the collection and management of coil cradles are relatively expensive. This study analysed the costs of using coil cradles compared with disposal dunnage, using empirical data from a South Korean shipping company. We fabricated a prototype of a coil cradle and implemented a rolling and pitching test, in addition to two field tests. The major contribution of this research is to show that, compared with dunnage, coil cradles can reduce the amount of time required, the number of workers needed and the related work expenses. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Applying human and pig hepatic in vitro experiments for sulfur mustard study: Screening and identification of metabolites by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Halme Mia , Pesonen Maija , Hakala Ullastiina , Pasanen Markku , Vähäkangas Kirsi , Vanninen Paula
Published: June 2015

Rationale

Sulfur mustard is a chemical warfare agent (CWA) with high toxicity and complex metabolism. This study aimed at identification of new metabolic biomarkers for sulfur mustard using in in vitro exposures and various mass spectrometric techniques.

Methods

Human and pig liver subcellular fractions were used as biocatalysts. Metabolites were screened by liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) using positive electrospray ionization (ESI). For structural identification, product ion scans (MS/MS, MS3) and accurate mass measurements using liquid chromatography/time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (LC/TOFMS) were acquired.

Results

Sulfur mustard is metabolized in vitro by S‐oxidation and glutathione (GSH) conjugations. One S‐oxidized metabolite, bis(2‐chloroethyl) sulfoxide (m/z 175), was formed in both species only when liver microsomes were present in incubations, and it was the main metabolite if GSH was not added into the reaction mixture. However, conjugation with GSH was found to be a spontaneous reaction in physiological pH and buffered solution. Three GSH conjugates of sulfur mustard were detected and identified, among which two were novel; 2‐((2‐(S‐glutathionyl)ethyl)thio)ethanol (m/z 412) and 2‐((2‐(S‐glutathionyl)ethyl)thio)ethyl phosphate (m/z 492).

Conclusions

To our knowledge, this was the first time that S‐oxidized metabolites and GSH conjugates of sulfur mustard have been detected and identified from human samples in vitro by LC/MS/MS. The usefulness of the GSH conjugates to serve as biomarkers for sulfur mustard exposure in human samples requires further studies. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Establishment of tandem mass spectrometric fingerprint of novel antineoplastic curcumin analogues using electrospray ionization
Authors: Awad H. , Das U. , Dimmock J. , El‐Aneed A.
Published: June 2015

Rationale

Curcumin analogues are antineoplastic agents, designed based on the structure of the spice turmeric with structural modifications aiming at enhancing potency. The goal is to identify the common tandem mass spectrometric (MS/MS) behavior of 13 novel curcumin analogues. Such knowledge is critical for their biological assessment, including metabolite identification and pharmacokinetic evaluation.

Methods

Both detection of the protonated molecules [M + H]+ of the synthesized compounds and determination of their exact molecular masses were achieved with hybrid quadrupole orthogonal time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (QqTOF‐MS). Low‐energy collision‐induced dissociation (CID)‐MS/MS analysis was performed using triple quadrupole linear ion trap mass spectrometry (QqLIT‐MS). Both instruments were equipped with an electrospray ionization (ESI) source. MS3 and neutral loss experiments were performed using QqLIT‐MS to confirm the genesis of the observed product ions.

Results

Abundant [M + H]+ molecules were formed using the QqTOF‐MS hybrid instrument with mass accuracies below 6 ppm. CID‐MS/MS dissociation studies were centered on the piperidone ring of curcumin analogues; twelve common product ions have been identified from the fission of the various bonds within the piperidone moiety. There was a tendency for the formation of highly conjugated product ions, stabilized via resonance. The variety of the side‐chain substituents at the nitrogen atom resulted in side‐chain‐specific product ions.

Conclusions

The ESI‐CID‐MS/MS analysis of curcumin analogues revealed a common fragmentation behavior of all tested compounds, which gave diagnostic product ions identified for each molecule. The established MS/MS behavior will be applied to determine metabolic by‐products of curcumin analogues as well as to develop targeted identification/quantification methods within biological extracts. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Thin‐layer chromatography/matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionisation mass spectrometry and matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionisation mass spectrometry imaging for the analysis of phospholipids in LS174T colorectal adenocarcinoma xenografts treated with the vascular disrupting agent DMXAA
Authors: Batubara Afnan , Carolan Vikki A , Loadman Paul M. , Sutton Chris , Shnyder Steve D. , Clench Malcolm R.
Published: June 2015

Rationale

5,6‐Dimethylxanthenone‐4‐acetic acid (DMXAA) is a low molecular weight drug of the flavonoid group, which has an anti‐vascular effect in tumours causing endothelial cell apoptosis and activation of cytokines. Flavonoid‐based compounds have been reported to lead to an upregulation in the expression of lysophosphatidylcholines (LPC)‐type lipids in solid tumours. A study employing TLC/MALDI‐MS and MALDI‐MS imaging to examine LS174T colorectal adenocarcinoma xenografts following administration of DMXAA has been conducted into this effect.

Methods

LS174T colorectal adenocarcinoma xenografts grown in male immune‐deficient mice were treated with 27.5 mg/kg DMXAA. The control (before treatment) and 4 h and 24 h post‐treatment tumours were excised and divided into two. MALDI‐MS imaging experiments were carried out on 12 µm cryosections sections taken from one half of the tumours and from the other half the lipids were extracted and analysed by TLC/MALDI‐MS. These experiments were carried out in triplicate.

Results

Statistical analysis of the MALDI‐MS imaging data set indicated an increased amount of LPC in the 24 h post‐treated sample and a decreased amount of PC in the 24 h post‐treated sample, compared with the 4 h post‐treated sample and the control. These effects were confirmed by the TLC/MALDI‐MS data. The lipid extracts were separated into six spots on the TLC plate. These were identified as arising from different lipids classes, i.e. LPC, sphingomyelins (SM), phosphatidylcholines (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamines (PE). The TLC/MALDI‐MS data indicated that LPC were highly expressed in the 4 h and 24 h post‐treated tumour samples compared with the control. Examination of the mass spectrometric images confirms this increase and demonstrates additionally that the increase in the signals arising from LPC appears to be localised primarily within the central areas of the xenograft.

Conclusions

An increase in expression of LPC lipids in solid tumours treated with DMXAA has been demonstrated and shown to be localised in the central area of the tumour. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Direct detection of the anti‐cancer drug 9‐phenylacridine in tissues by graphite rod laser desorption vacuum‐ultraviolet post‐ionization mass spectrometry
Authors: Liu Ping , Hu Yongjun , Chen Jiaxin , Yang Qing
Published: June 2015

Rationale

Traditionally, drug analysis in biological tissue by mass spectrometry has required complicated sample pre‐treatment, which not only wasted time, but also had adverse effects on the results. In order to assist assessment of potential drugs rapidly and accurately, a direct analytical method for drug detection in tissues is needed. The development of such a method is described in this study.

Methods

An anti‐cancer drug, 9‐phenylacridine (ACPH), injected into the kidney of mice, was directly analysed from tissues placed on the surface of a graphite rod by near‐infrared (1064 nm) laser desorption single photon ionization mass spectrometry (LD/SPI‐MS).

Results

The LD/SPI‐MS method was successfully validated by direct analysis of ACPH in kidney sections of mice, without any complicated and time‐consuming sample pre‐treatment. The sensitivity of detection was down to about 100 fmol per spot and the wide linear dynamic range allowed quantitative detection of ACPH in complex biological samples. A drug‐time curve was acquired of ACPH in the kidney of mice after the drug had been injected into the caudal vein.

Conclusions

It was demonstrated that the anti‐tumor drug ACPH could be directly and rapidly detected by LD/SPI‐MS in biological tissues without any time‐consuming pre‐treatment procedure. This method could potentially be applied to the selective localization and analysis of small molecule drugs in tissues and to the study of the pharmacokinetics of new drugs. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Isomerization of fenbuconazole under UV‐visible irradiation – chemical and toxicological approaches
Authors: Lassalle Yannick , Nicol Edith , Genty Christophe , Bourcier Sophie , Bouchonnet Stéphane
Published: June 2015

Rationale

Fenbuconazole is a fungicide commonly used for the protection of vineyards, vegetables and grain crops. Under UV‐visible irradiation, it undergoes isomerization through various cyclization processes. Isomeric structures were elucidated by liquid chromatography/high‐resolution multiple‐stage mass spectrometry (LC/HR‐MSn) coupling. The potential toxicities of these isomers were estimated by in silico tests.

Methods

Aqueous solutions of fenbuconazole and grapes treated with this fungicide were irradiated in a self‐made reactor equipped with a mercury vapor lamp. Analyses were carried out using high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT‐ICRMS). High‐resolution m/z measurements, multiple‐stage mass spectrometry and isotopic labeling experiments allowed structural elucidation of the isomers of fenbuconazole. In silico toxicity estimations were carried out using the T.E.S.T. program.

Results

Seven isomers of fenbuconazole were detected after irradiation of the fungicide in aqueous solution; the major ones were also detected in the flesh of treated grapes irradiated under laboratory conditions. Elucidation of their chemical structures owing to high resolution measurements and multi‐stage collision induced dissociation experiments allowed confirmation of photo‐transformation pathways mainly dominated by cyclization processes. Photo‐induced isomers exhibited higher potential toxicities than fenbuconazole for Daphnia magna and fathead minnow species.

Conclusions

UV‐visible irradiation of fenbuconazole in aqueous solution and on grapes leads to the formation of isomers, all of which being potentially much more toxic than the parent fungicide. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Wetting kinetics of the AgCuTi filler metal on pure molybdenum substrate
Authors: Li Yulong , Wen Changjin , Sun Yujie , Liu Wen , Sekulic Dusan P.
Published: June 2015

Spreading of the AgCuTi filler metal over a pure molybdenum substrate under a high‐purity argon atmosphere was studied at elevated temperatures, within the range of 1283 ~ 1373 K. Real‐time in situ observations and quantitative measurements assisted by hot‐stage microscopy were used to analyze the kinetics of the triple‐line movement. The state of the interface between the substrate and the resolidified alloy and in the neighborhood of the triple line was considered. The empirical data indicate that wetting of AgCuTi alloy on the pure molybdenum substrate features a similar trend of the triple‐line kinetics. The triple‐line equivalent radius of the front during spreading increases initially, with a large spreading rate, and subsequently changes gradually the rate approaching to an asymptotic value. Kinetics of the triple‐line movement throughout the spreading process shows that the wetting follows the power law, Rn ~ t, n ~ 8. During spreading, Ag‐based solid solution, AgCu eutectic phase, and CuTi binary phase were formed along the interface within the joint zone, hence the spreading evolves under weak reactive conditions. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Physical Modeling of the Steel Sheet Topography in Skin Pass Rolling and Its Influence on Susceptibility of Sheets to Deep Drawing
Authors: Burdek Marek
Published: June 2015

This work is focused on the formation of sheet surface topography and its influence on drawability of sheets. 3D roughness measurements is used to study surface topography and cupping tests by Erichsen and by Swift – to establish and to compare drawability of steel sheets with and without surface treatment. In addition, statistical analysis is presented to determine parameters characterizing the surface topography which has a decisive influence on the susceptibility to sheet‐metal forming. The research shows that a change in surface topography in steel sheets with high plasticity (grades DC03, DC04, and DC05) does not significantly affect their drawability measured in Erichsen test, but it can significantly affect the susceptibility of sheets to deep drawing. In case of stainless steel X6Cr17, a clear impact of surface topography on the technological properties is ascertained – both the Erichsen's value and the limit drawing ratio depend strongly on the type of abrasive used for vapor blasting.
A high calorie diet causes memory loss, metabolic syndrome and oxidative stress into hippocampus and temporal cortex of rats
Authors: Treviño Samuel , Aguilar‐Alonso Patrícia , Flores Hernandez Jose Angel , Brambila Eduardo , Guevara Jorge , Flores Gonzalo , Lopez‐Lopez Gustavo , Muñoz‐Arenas Guadalupe , Morales‐Medina Julio Cesar , Toxqui Veronica , Venegas Berenice , Diaz Alfonso
Published: June 2015

A high calorie intake can induce the appearance of the metabolic syndrome (MS), which is a serious public health problem because it affects glucose levels and triglycerides in the blood. Recently, it has been suggested that MS can cause complications in the brain, since chronic hyperglycemia and insulin resistance are risk factors for triggering neuronal death by inducing a state of oxidative stress and inflammatory response that affect cognitive processes. This process, however, is not clear. In this study, we evaluated the effect of the consumption of a high‐calorie diet (HCD) on both neurodegeneration and spatial memory impairment in rats. Our results demonstrated that HCD (90 day consumption) induces an alteration of the main energy metabolism markers, indicating the development of MS in rats. Moreover, an impairment of spatial memory was observed. Subsequently, the brains of these animals showed activation of an inflammatory response (increase in reactive astrocytes and interleukin1‐β as well as tumor necrosis factor‐α) and oxidative stress (reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation), causing a reduction in the number of neurons in the temporal cortex and hippocampus. Altogether, these results suggest that a HCD promotes the development of MS and contributes to the development of a neurodegenerative process and cognitive failure. In this regard, it is important to understand the relationship between MS and neuronal damage in order to prevent the onset of neurodegenerative disorders. Synapse 69:421–433, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Mid-term results of a physiotherapist-led Ponseti service for the management of non-idiopathic and idiopathic clubfoot
Authors: Dunkley Mia , Gelfer Yael , Jackson Debbie , Parnell Evette , Armstong Jennifer , Rafter Cristina , Eastwood Deborah M.
Published: June 2015

Background

The Ponseti method is the preferred treatment for idiopathic clubfoot. Although popularised by orthopaedic surgeons it has expanded to physiotherapists and other health practitioners. This study reviews the results of a physiotherapist-led Ponseti service for idiopathic and non-idiopathic clubfeet and compares these results with those reported by other groups.

Method

A prospective cohort of clubfeet (2005–2012) with a minimum 2-year follow-up after correction was reviewed. Physiotherapists treated 91 children—41 patients (69 feet) had non-idiopathic deformities and 50 children (77 feet) were idiopathic. Objective outcomes were evaluated and compared to results from other groups managing similar patient cohorts.

Results

The mean follow-up was 4.6 years (range 2–8.3 years) for both groups. The non-idiopathic group required a median of 7 casts to correct the clubfoot deformity with an 83 % tenotomy rate compared to a median of 5 casts for the idiopathic group with a 63 % tenotomy rate. Initial correction was achieved in 96 % of non-idiopathic feet and in 100 % of idiopathic feet. Recurrence requiring additional treatment was higher in the non-idiopathic group with 40 % of patients (36 % of feet) sustaining a relapse as opposed to 8 % (6 % feet) in the idiopathic group. Surgery was required in 26 % of relapsed non-idiopathic feet and 6 % of idiopathic.

Conclusions

Although Ponseti treatment was not as successful in non-idiopathic feet as in idiopathic feet, deformity correction was achieved and maintained in the mid-term for the majority of feet. These results compare favourably to other specialist orthopaedic-based services for Ponseti management of non-idiopathic clubfeet.

Level of evidence

Prognostic Level III.
A multi‐center, randomized, open‐label, parallel group study of a natural micronized progesterone vaginal tablet as a luteal support agent in Japanese women undergoing assisted reproductive technology
Authors: Fujiwara Toshihiro
Published: June 2015

Purpose

To verify sufficient progesterone supplementation during the luteal phase and to determine the efficacy and safety of a natural micronized progesterone vaginal tablet (FE 999913) in Japanese women undergoing in vitro fertilization‐embryo transfer or intracytoplasmic sperm injection.

Methods

In a multi‐center, randomized, open‐label, parallel group trial, 108 subjects were randomized to receive FE 999913 vaginally twice daily (n = 54) or three times daily (n = 54) for up to 10 weeks. Primary endpoints were the proportion of subjects with serum progesterone concentration ≥10 ng/ml on day 5 and ongoing pregnancy rate at week 5.

Results

Ninety‐four subjects completed the trial and 90 subjects underwent embryo transfer. The proportion of subjects with serum progesterone concentration ≥10 ng/ml on day 5 was 98.9 % and the lower limit of 95 % CI of the difference between the current trial and MEGASET trial was −3.6 %, which was within the non‐inferiority criterion. The ongoing pregnancy rate was 22.2 %, which is similar to that in actual clinical settings in Japan. No safety concerns were observed.

Conclusions

FE 999913 was useful in this trial from the aspects of sufficient supplementation of progesterone, comparable pregnancy rate with that in clinical practice in Japan, and safety.

Clinical trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01710514.
Interaction Between Parental Psychosis and Early Motor Development and the Risk of Schizophrenia in a General Population Birth Cohort
Authors: Keskinen E. , Marttila A. , Marttila R. , Jones P.B. , Murray G.K. , Moilanen K. , Koivumaa-Honkanen H. , Mäki P. , Isohanni M. , Jääskeläinen E. , Miettunen J.
Published: June 2015

Background

Delayed motor development in infancy and family history of psychosis are both associated with increased risk of schizophrenia, but their interaction is largely unstudied.

Aim

To investigate the association of the age of achieving motor milestones and parental psychosis and their interaction in respect to risk of schizophrenia.

Methods

We used data from the general population-based prospective Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 (n = 10,283). Developmental information of the cohort members was gathered during regular visits to Finnish child welfare clinics. Several registers were used to determine the diagnosis of schizophrenia among the cohort members and psychosis among the parents. Altogether 152 (1.5%) individuals had schizophrenia by the age of 46 years, with 23 (15.1%) of them having a parent with psychosis. Cox regression analysis was used in analyses.

Results

Parental psychosis was associated (P < 0.05) with later achievement of holding the head up, grabbing an object, and walking without support. In the parental psychosis group, the risk for schizophrenia was increased if holding the head up (hazard ratio [HR]: 2.46; degrees of freedom [df] = 1; 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 1.07–5.66) and touching the thumb with the index finger (HR: 1.84; df = 1; 95% CI: 1.11–3.06) was later. In the group without parental psychosis, a delay in the following milestones increased the risk of schizophrenia: standing without support and walking without support. Parental psychosis had an interaction with delayed touching thumb with index finger (HR: 1.87; df = 1; 95% CI: 1.08–3.25) when risk of schizophrenia was investigated.

Conclusions

Parental psychosis was associated with achieving motor milestones later in infancy, particularly the milestones that appear early in a child's life. Parental psychosis and touching the thumb with the index finger had a significant interaction on risk of schizophrenia. Genetic risk for psychosis may interact with delayed development to raise future risk of schizophrenia, or delayed development may be a marker of other risk processes that interact with genetic liability to cause later schizophrenia.
A National Network of Schizophrenia Expert Centres: an Innovative Tool to Bridge the Research-Practice Gap
Authors: Schürhoff F. , Fond G. , Berna F. , Bulzacka E. , Vilain J. , Capdevielle D. , Misdrahi D. , Leboyer M. , Llorca P.-M.
Published: June 2015

Schizophrenia is probably the most severe psychiatric disorder with much suffering for the patients and huge costs for the society. Efforts to provide optimal care by general practitioners and psychiatrists are undermined by the complexity of the disorder and difficulties in applying clinical practice guidelines and new research findings to the spectrum of cases seen in day-to-day practice. An innovative model of assessment aimed at improving global care of people with schizophrenia provided by the French national network of schizophrenia expert centres is being described. Each centre has established strong links to local health services and provides support to clinicians in delivering personalized care plans. A common set of assessment tools has been adopted by the ten centres spread over the whole French territory. A web application, e-schizo©has been created to record data in a common computerized medical file. This network offers systematic, comprehensive, longitudinal, and multi-dimensional assessments of cases including a medical workup and an exhaustive neuropsychological evaluation. This strategy offers an effective way to transfer knowledge and share expertise. This network is a great opportunity to improve the global patient care and is conceived as being an infrastructure for research from observational cohort to translational research.
Altered epidermal lipid processing and calcium distribution in the KID syndrome mouse model Cx26S17F
Authors: Bosen Felicitas , Celli Anna , Crumrine Debra , vom Dorp Katharina , Ebel Philipp , Jastrow Holger , Dörmann Peter , Winterhager Elke , Mauro Theodora , Willecke Klaus
Published: June 2015

The keratitis–ichthyosis–deafness (KID) syndrome is caused by mutations in the gap junctional channel protein connexin 26 (Cx26), among them the mutation Cx26S17F. Heterozygous Cx26S17F mice resemble the human KID syndrome, i.e. exhibiting epidermal hyperplasia and hearing impairments. Newborn Cx26S17F mice show a defective epidermal water barrier as well as altered epidermal lipid secretion and location. Linoleoyl ω‐esterified ceramides are strongly decreased on the skin surface of Cx26S17F mice. Moreover, the epidermal calcium gradient is altered in the mutant mice. These alterations may be caused by an abnormal Cx26S17F channel function that leads to a defective epidermal water barrier, which in turn may trigger the hyperproliferation seen in the KID syndrome.
A neutrophil inhibitory pepducin derived from FPR1 expected to target FPR1 signaling hijacks the closely related FPR2 instead
Authors: Winther Malene , Gabl Michael , Welin Amanda , Dahlgren Claes , Forsman Huamei
Published: June 2015

Pepducins constitute a unique class of G‐protein coupled receptor (GPCR) modulating lipopeptides. Pepducins with inhibitory effects on neutrophils could potentially be developed into anti‐inflammatory pharmaceuticals. A pepducin with a peptide sequence identical to the third intracellular loop of FPR1 was found to inhibit neutrophil functions including granule mobilization and superoxide production. This FPR1‐derived pepducin selectively inhibited signaling and cellular responses through FPR2, but not FPR1 as expected. Binding to the neutrophil surface of a conventional FPR2 agonist is also inhibited. The fatty acid is essential for inhibition and pepducins with shorter peptides lose in potency. In summary, a pepducin designed to target FPR1 was found to hijack FPR2 and potently inhibit neutrophil functions.
VirB6 and VirB10 from the Brucella type IV secretion system interact via the N‐terminal periplasmic domain of VirB6
Authors: Villamil Giraldo Ana Maria , Mary Charline , Sivanesan Durgajini , Baron Christian
Published: June 2015

Type IV secretion systems are multi‐protein complexes that transfer macromolecules across the cell envelope of bacteria. Identifying the sites of interaction between the twelve proteins (VirB1–VirB11 and VirD4) that form these complexes is key to understanding their assembly and function. We have here used phage display, bacterial two‐hybrid and fluorescence‐based interaction assays to identify an N‐terminal domain of the inner membrane protein VirB6 as a site of interaction with the envelope‐spanning VirB10 protein. Our results are consistent with the notion that VirB6 acts in concert with VirB10 as well as with VirB8 during secretion system assembly and function.
Structure of the free form of the N‐terminal VH1 domain of monomeric α‐catenin
Authors: Shibahara Takenori , Hirano Yoshinori , Hakoshima Toshio
Published: June 2015

The N‐terminal vinculin‐homology 1 (VH1) domain of α‐catenin facilitates two exclusive forms, a monomeric form directly bound to β‐catenin for linking E‐cadherin to F‐actin or a homodimer for the inhibition of β‐catenin binding. Competition of these two forms is affected by ∼80 N‐terminal residues, whose structure is poorly understood. We have determined the structure of the monomeric free form of the αN‐catenin VH1 domain and revealed that the N‐terminal residues form α1 and α2 helices to complete formation of the N‐terminal four‐helix bundle. Dynamic conformational changes of these two helices control formation of the β‐catenin‐bound monomer or unbound homodimer.
The roles of peripheral serotonin in metabolic homeostasis
Authors: El-Merahbi Rabih , Löffler Mona , Mayer Alexander , Sumara Grzegorz
Published: June 2015

Metabolic homeostasis in the organism is assured both by the nervous system and by hormones. Among a plethora of hormones regulating metabolism, serotonin presents a number of unique features. Unlike classical hormones serotonin is produced in different anatomical locations. In brain it acts as a neurotransmitter and in the periphery it can act as a hormone, auto‐ and/or paracrine factor, or intracellular signaling molecule. Serotonin does not cross the blood–brain barrier; therefore the two major pools of this bioamine remain separated. Although 95% of serotonin is produced in the periphery, its functions have been ignored until recently. Here we review the impact of the peripheral serotonin on the regulation of function of the organs involved in glucose and lipid homeostasis.
Functional homologies in vesicle tethering
Authors: Kuhlee Anne , Raunser Stefan , Ungermann Christian
Published: June 2015

The HOPS multisubunit tethering factor (MTC) is a macromolecular protein complex composed of six different subunits. It is one of the key components in the perception and subsequent fusion of multivesicular bodies and vacuoles. Electron microscopy studies indicate structural flexibility of the purified HOPS complex. Inducing higher rigidity into HOPS by biochemically modifying the complex declines the potential to mediate SNARE‐driven membrane fusion. Thus, we propose that integral flexibility seems to be not only a feature, but of essential need for the function of HOPS. This review focuses on the general features of membrane tethering and fusion. For this purpose, we compare the structure and mode of action of different tethering factors to highlight their common central features and mechanisms.
Protein folding of the SAP domain, a naturally occurring two‐helix bundle
Authors: Dodson Charlotte A. , Arbely Eyal
Published: June 2015

The SAP domain from the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Tho1 protein is comprised of just two helices and a hydrophobic core and is one of the smallest proteins whose folding has been characterised. Φ‐value analysis revealed that Tho1 SAP folds through a transition state where helix 1 is the most extensively formed element of secondary structure and flickering native‐like core contacts from Leu35 are also present. The contacts that contribute most to native state stability of Tho1 SAP are not formed in the transition state.
The multifaceted roles of intrinsic disorder in protein complexes
Authors: Uversky Vladimir N.
Published: June 2015

Intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) and intrinsically disordered protein regions (IDPRs) are important constituents of many protein complexes, playing various structural, functional, and regulatory roles. In such disorder‐based protein complexes, functional disorder is used both internally (for assembly, movement, and functional regulation of the different parts of a given complex) and externally (for interactions of a complex with its external regulators). In complex assembly, IDPs/IDPRs serve as the molecular glue that cements complexes or as highly flexible scaffolds. Disorder defines the order of complex assembly and the ability of a protein to be involved in polyvalent interactions. It is at the heart of various binding mechanisms and interaction modes ascribed to IDPs. Disorder in protein complexes is related to multifarious applications of induced folding and induced functional unfolding, or defines the entropic chain activities, such as stochastic machines and binding rheostats. This review opens a FEBS Letters Special Issue on Dynamics, Flexibility, and Intrinsic Disorder in protein assemblies and represents a brief overview of intricate roles played by IDPs and IDPRs in various aspects of protein complexes.
Stepwise error‐prone PCR and DNA shuffling changed the pH activity range and product specificity of the cyclodextrin glucanotransferase from an alkaliphilicBacillus sp
Authors: Melzer Susanne , Sonnendecker Christian , Föllner Christina , Zimmermann Wolfgang
Published: June 2015

Cyclodextrin glucanotransferase (EC 2.4.1.19) from the alkaliphilicBacillus sp. G‐825‐6 converts starch mainly to γ‐cyclodextrin (CD8). A combination of error‐prone PCR and DNA shuffling was used to obtain variants of this enzyme with higher product specificity for CD8 and a broad pH activity range. The variant S54 with seven amino acid substitutions showed a 1.2‐fold increase in CD8‐synthesizing activity and the product ratio of CD7:CD8 was shifted to 1:7 compared to 1:3 of the wild‐type enzyme. Nine amino acid substitutions of the cyclodextrin glucanotransferase were performed to generate the variant S35 active in a pH range 4.0–10.0. Compared to the wild‐type enzyme which is inactive below pH 6.0, S35 retained 70% of its CD8‐synthesizing activity at pH 4.0.
A graph-based method for fitting planar B-spline curves with intersections
Authors: Bo Pengbo , Luo Gongning , Wang Kuanquan
Published: June 2015

The problem of fitting B-spline curves to planar point clouds is studied in this paper. A novel method is proposed to deal with the most challenging case where multiple intersecting curves or curves with self-intersection are necessary for shape representation. A method based on Delauney Triangulation of data points is developed to identify connected components which is also capable of removing outliers. A skeleton representation is utilized to represent the topological structure which is further used to create a weighted graph for deciding the merging of curve segments. Different to existing approaches which utilize local shape information near intersections, our method considers shape characteristics of curve segments in a larger scope and is thus capable of giving more satisfactory results. By fitting each group of data points with a B-spline curve, we solve the problems of curve structure reconstruction from point clouds, as well as the vectorization of simple line drawing images by drawing lines reconstruction.
When donating is liberating: The role of product and consumer characteristics in the appeal of cause‐related products
Authors: Zemack‐Rugar Yael , Rabino Rebecca , Cavanaugh Lisa A. , Fitzsimons Gavan J.
Published: June 2015

The present work examines the effectiveness of pairing a charitable donation with a product purchase. We propose a compensatory process, in which the guilt‐laundering properties of charitable donations are more appealing the more consumption guilt is experienced. Consumption guilt is dependent on both product type (hedonic vs. utilitarian) and consumer characteristics (guilt‐sensitivity), such that adding a charitable donation to hedonic products is more impactful than adding the same donation to utilitarian products, especially for guilt‐sensitive consumers. As a result of the impact of product type and guilt‐sensitivity, several non‐intuitive findings emerge. For example, guilt‐sensitive consumers, who normally indulge in hedonic consumption the least, indulge at least as much as their less guilt‐sensitive counterparts when hedonic products are paired with a charitable donation. Moreover, guilt‐sensitive consumers are relatively insensitive to the nature of the supported cause, indulging in hedonic consumption even when it supports disliked causes. Six studies demonstrate the impact of adding charitable donations to products as well as the unique role that consumption guilt and its alleviation play in the underlying process.