bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Carrier Frequency Offset Impact on Universal Filtered Multicarrier/Non-Uniform Constellations Performance: A Digital Video Broadcasting—Terrestrial, Second Generation Case Study
Authors: Zannou Sonia , Honfoga Anne-Carole , Dossou Michel , Moeyaert Véronique
Published: December 2024

Digital terrestrial television is now implemented in many countries worldwide and is now mature. Digital Video Broadcasting-Terrestrial, second generation (DVB-T2) is the European standard adopted or deployed by European and African countries which uses Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing (OFDM) modulation to achieve good throughput performance. However, its main particularity is the number of subcarriers operated for OFDM modulation which varies from 1024 to 32,768 subcarriers. Also, mobile reception is planned in DVB-T2 in addition to rooftop antenna and portable receptions planned in DVB-T. However, the main challenge of DVB-T2 for mobile reception is the presence of a carrier frequency offset (CFO) which degrades the system performance by inducing an Intercarrier Interference (ICI) on the DVB-T2 signal. This paper evaluates the system performance in the presence of the CFO when Gaussian noise and a TU6 channel are applied. Universal Filtered Multicarrier (UFMC) and non-uniform constellations (NUCs) have previously demonstrated good performance in comparison with OFDM and Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) in DVB-T2. The impact of CFO on the UFMC- and NUC-based DVB-T2 system is additionally investigated in this work. The results demonstrate that the penalties induced by CFO insertion in UFMC- and NUC-based DVB-T2 are highly reduced in comparison to those for the native DVB-T2. At a bit error rate (BER) of 10−3, the CFO penalties induced by the native DVB-T2 are 0.96dB and 4 dB, respectively, when only Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) is used and when TU6 is additionally considered. The penalties are equal to 0.84dB and 0.2dB for UFMC/NUC-based DVB-T2.
Removal of the Active Pharmaceutical Substance Entecavir from Water via the Fenton Reaction or Action by the Cyanobacterium Microcystis novacekii
Authors: Souza Cléssius Ribeiro de , Souza-Silva Gabriel , Moreira Carolina Paula de Souza , Vasconcelos Olívia Maria S. R. , Nunes Kenia Pedrosa , Pereira Cíntia Aparecida J. , Mol Marcos Paulo Gomes , Silveira Micheline Rosa
Published: December 2024

Entecavir (ETV) is an antiviral used to treat chronic infection caused by the hepatitis B virus, which affects approximately 250 million people worldwide. In order to mitigate the impacts of ETV on the environment, including potential harm to human health, this study evaluated the use of the Fenton-like reaction, which uses iron complexed with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) at neutral pH, and the microbiological action of Microcystis novacekii in removing ETV from the aqueous medium. Aqueous concentrations of 100 mg/L were subjected to Fenton-like degradation. Solutions ranging from 1.2 to 120 mg/L were used for biodegradation. The results evidenced consistent effectiveness in completely removing ETV by the Fenton-like reaction after 90 s. However, removal by the action of M. novacekii did not return convincing results. Although entecavir exposure did not affect cyanobacterial cell growth, a gradual reduction in drug content was observed starting on the fourth day of exposure, with maximum removal of 28.9% at the lowest exposure concentration (1.2 mg/L), without, however, showing a significant difference. Statistically significant differences in drug removal were identified only after 14 days of exposure and at specific concentrations. The ETV degradation process through the Fenton reaction was effective and promising for practical application. Removal through M. novacekii showed limited efficacy for practical application for its direct use in the remediation of ETV in aquatic environments. However, we identified a slight decrease in the initial concentrations that could achieve greater efficiency in the drug’s degradation through associations with other microorganisms, physiochemical processes, or even genetic engineering.
Analysis of Displacement Transmissibility and Bifurcation Behavior in Nonlinear Systems with Friction and Nonlinear Spring
Authors: Hur Deog Jae , Hong Sung Chul
Published: December 2024

In this paper, a nonlinear vibration system with friction and linear and nonlinear springs is modeled and analyzed. The analysis examined how the combination of nonlinear variables affects the displacement of the system using the slowly varying amplitude and phase (SVAP) method. The break-loose frequency at which relative motion begins was obtained as a function of the friction ratio, and it was found that the displacement transmissibility differed depending on the change in design parameters. The displacement transmissibility response showed a unique phenomenon in which bifurcation occurred in the front resonant branch before the maximum response point when the linear damping coefficient was small and the friction coefficient was large, and the displacement transfer curve was separated at a specific parameter value. This phenomenon can be divided into three parameter zones considering the bifurcation pattern and stability of the displacement transmissibility curve. In addition, a 3-D spatial zone of dimensionless parameters was presented, which can predict stability during the design process, along with the drawing method and procedure. This can be conveniently utilized in the process of setting the parameters of the isolators considering the stability of the response during the design. In the analysis and design process of vibration isolators with friction damping, this study has important implications for practical applications.
Direct Torque Control with Space Vector Modulation (DTC-SVM) with Adaptive Fractional-Order Sliding Mode: A Path Towards Improved Electric Vehicle Propulsion
Authors: Ben Salem Fatma , Almousa Motab Turki , Derbel Nabil
Published: December 2024

Electric vehicles demand efficient and robust motor control to maximize range and performance. This paper presents an innovative adaptive fractional-order sliding mode (FO-SM) control approach tailored for Direct Torque Control with Space Vector Modulation (DTC-SVM) applied to induction motor drives. This approach tackles the challenges of parameter variations inherent in real-world applications, such as temperature changes and load fluctuations. By leveraging the inherent robustness of FO-SM and the fast dynamic response of DTC-SVM, our proposed control strategy achieves superior performance, significantly reduced torque ripple, and improved efficiency. The adaptive nature of the control system allows for real-time adjustments based on system conditions, ensuring reliable operation even in the presence of uncertainties. This research presents a significant advancement in electric vehicle propulsion systems, offering a powerful and adaptable control solution for induction motor drives. Our findings demonstrate the potential of this innovative approach to enhance the robustness and performance of electric vehicles, paving the way for a more sustainable and efficient future of transportation. In fact, the paper proposes using an adaptive approach to control the electric vehicle’s speed based on the fractional calculus of sliding mode control. The adaptive algorithm converges to the actual values of all system parameters. Moreover, the obtained performance results are reached without precise system modeling.
Towards the Prevention of Youth Homelessness
Authors: Gaetz Stephen , Buchnea Amanda , Fournier Cathy , Dej Erin , Schwan Kaitlin
Published: December 2024

Historically, the prevention of youth homelessness has not been a priority in Canada or the United States. In recent years, this has begun to change. While there is growing recognition that a shift by preventing homelessness is required to bring a substantive end to homelessness, a common and shared understanding of what prevention is and what it involves has remained largely absent or obscured in both policy and practice. In this paper, we focus specifically on the prevention of youth homelessness and set out to provide conceptual clarity through presenting a clear definition of what prevention is and what it is not. Accompanying the definition is a five-point typology that includes (1) structural prevention; (2) systems prevention; (3) early intervention; (4) crisis intervention, and (5) housing stabilization. Each of the five elements of the typology is defined, identifying who is responsible for implementation. In addition, the typology is populated with examples of different approaches to the prevention of youth homelessness. We conclude with some key considerations to guide the implementation of preventive interventions and present core principles designed to support the development of effective and quality prevention interventions.
Strategies for attitudes to VR technologies among professionals involved in mental health care provision
Authors:   FSAEE HE «Belgorod State National Research University» Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federatio, Moskvitina U. S. , Khamskaya I. S. ,   FSAEE HE «Belgorod State National Research University» Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federatio, Khakhonina A. E. ,   FSAEE HE «Belgorod State National Research University» Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federatio, Sorokin М. Yu. ,   Federal State Budgetary Institution «National Medical Research Centre for Psychiatry and Neurology named after V. M. Bekhterev» of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russia, Rybakova К. V. ,   Federal State Budgetary Institution «National Medical Research Centre for Psychiatry and Neurology named after V. M. Bekhterev» of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation,  St. Petersburg, Russia, Ruzhenkova V. V. ,   FSAEE HE «Belgorod State National Research University» Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federatio
Published: December 2024

The article presents data on the attitudes of professionals involved in the provision of psychiatric
care towards the use of virtual reality (VR) technologies in clinical work, based on the results of a medical and sociological study. A continuous sample of 190 people was surveyed, including practicing-psychiatrists (54.2 %), psychotherapists (4.7 %), narcologist (34.2 %) and clinical psychologists (6.8 %). The mean age
of the respondents was 42.3±0.9 years, with 16.3±0.8 years of professional experience. It was found that the majority of respondents had no experience of interacting with virtual reality (67.8 %). At the same time, a number of specialists expressed their willingness, readiness to use new technologies in their daily treatment
(45.8 %), and rehabilitation (42.1 %) activities. The groups of disorders for which the use of VR would be most effective in the opinion of professionals were identified, with PTSD (67.4 %), phobias (66.3 %) and anxiety disorders (65.3 %) leading the way. On the basis of the data obtained, the authors have identified and described the strategies of VR perception from the point of view of specialists (optimistic, pessimistic, pragmatic). The paper also discusses the needs, opportunities and barriers to the implementation of these technologies in clinical practice.
Cerebrovascular complications in patients with infective endocarditis: a literature review
Authors:   FSBEI HE Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Professor V. F. Voino-Yasenetsky, Krasnoyarsk, Russia, Gasymova N. D. , Shnyakin P. G. ,   FSBEI HE Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Professor V. F. Voino-Yasenetsky, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
Published: December 2024

This review presents the pathogenetic mechanisms of cerebrovascular complications in infective endocarditis, including the role of bacterial emboli, vascular wall inflammation, and thrombosis. Epidemiological data indicating a high incidence of stroke in this group of patients are discussed in detail. Characteristic clinical
manifestations of cerebrovascular complications, emphasizing the need for timely and accurate diagnosis, are presented. Modern diagnostic techniques such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), and cardiac valve and cerebrovascular ultrasound are described. Current treatment recommendations, including antibiotic therapy, heart valve surgery, and endovascular treatment of thrombosis, as well as measures
to prevent recurrent episodes, are reviewed. Cerebrovascular complications remain a significant problem in infective endocarditis, requiring a multidisciplinary approach to diagnosis and treatment. Current diagnostic methods and therapeutic strategies can reduce the risk of stroke and improve the prognosis of patients. Further research is required in order to optimize approaches to the treatment and prevention of these complications.
Purpose: to conduct a comprehensive literature review of cerebrovascular complications in patients with infective endocarditis, covering aspects of pathophysiology, epidemiology, clinical characteristics, diagnostic methods, and current treatment approaches.
Methods: PubMed and eLibrary databases were used for the review. Articles published in the last 20 years and guidelines from international professional associations were included, with the focus on large clinical trials, meta-analyses, and reviews highlighting cerebrovascular complications in IE.
Evolução da patologia e tratamento fisioterapêutico no âmbito hospitalar na PDIC: um relato de caso
Authors: Panassol de Souza Giovana , Beraldo Ana Luiza , Fuchter Alessandra Cristina , Bonetti Karoline , Abramovecht Gustavo , Gonçalves Rosa Hellen , Hering Genske Juliana
Published: December 2024

Introdução. A Polineuropatia Desmielinizante Inflamatória Crônica (PDIC) consiste em uma doença autoimune rara que acomete o sistema nervoso periférico. Objetivo. Proporcionar maior entendimento a respeito da evolução da patologia e da abordagem fisioterapêutica na PDIC. Relato de Caso. O presente relato de caso foi realizado através de prontuário físico e eletrônico. Paciente do sexo feminino com 36 anos de idade, permaneceu hospitalizada no Hospital Universitário do Oeste do Paraná por nove meses, no ano de 2008 com Síndrome de Guillain Barré (SGB) necessitando de ventilação mecânica com difícil desmame e traqueostomia, após a desospitalização permaneceu com sequelas motoras e dificuldade de deambular, tendo novo episódio de Síndrome de Guillain Barré em 2017. Após isso ocorreu vinte e quatro novas hospitalizações sendo diagnosticada com PDIC, devido as sequelas da patologia, a mesma realizou tratamento fisioterapêutico em todas as hospitalizações visando diferentes objetivos. Discussão. A Fisioterapia é fundamental, no tratamento da PDIC e da SGB, devido déficit de força muscular periférica e respiratória, afetando a funcionalidade e consequentemente a qualidade de vida. Além disso, a fisioterapia tem o objetivo de evitar o imobilismo em pacientes hospitalizados. Conclusão. A fisioterapia foi importante nos 17 anos de tratamento, visando o desmame ventilatório, melhora da funcionalidade pulmonar e motora.
A interpretação de gráficos estatísticos vinculados às redes sociais com o olhar da educação de jovens e adultos
Authors: Paula Fernanda Gonçalves de , Souza Lizandra Monteiro de
Published: December 2024

O presente trabalho se propôs a elaborar, implementar e analisar uma sequência didática envolvendo atividades baseadas em assuntos relacionados ao cotidiano do eixo Educação Estatística para os alunos da Educação de Jovens e Adultos (EJA). As atividades abordadas tiveram como conteúdo principal a interpretação de gráficos estatísticos, buscando desenvolver e acompanhar as habilidades dos alunos através da crítica de informações retiradas de situações cotidianas, as quais chegam até eles através das redes sociais. A importância de se realizar tal temática se deve à necessidade de incluir o ensino de Estatística na disciplina de Matemática e a carência de material didático destinado ao público em estudo. Sabemos que atualmente existem muitas informações incoerentes nas redes sociais e sem um olhar crítico, os indivíduos podem ser manipulados facilmente. Desse modo, é notória a necessidade de que os profissionais de diversas áreas saibam tratar com várias informações, e a estatística contribui nesse processo, proporcionando que o cidadão possa compreender as informações a que é exposto. O trabalho foi aplicado em uma turma do 7°/8° do Ensino Fundamental (EJA) de uma instituição pública e municipal. Os resultados indicaram que a sequência proposta auxiliou no aprimoramento da habilidade em questão e ainda possibilitou a aquisição de conhecimentos específicos. Espera-se que o trabalho aqui apresentado possa colaborar para se difundir o uso da Educação Estatística com o olhar especialmente dos alunos da EJA.
Ensuring health rights for Indonesian citizens overseas
Authors: Izzadi Fariz Farrih , Abidin Muhammad Ilman
Published: December 2024

This research examines BPJS Kesehatan as a mechanism for fulfilling the right to health, Indonesia's responsibilities in ensuring this right, and the realization of health rights for citizens abroad within the framework of human rights theory. Using a normative legal research method based on literature review, the study concludes that Indonesia’s social security system operates through a social insurance model aimed at protecting all Indonesian citizens under an insurance system to meet their basic health needs. While healthcare services have been prioritized, other critical health-related prerequisites—such as access to clean drinking water, adequate sanitation, sufficient nutrition, health information, environmental health, and workplace health—still require further attention. This highlights that the state’s efforts to fulfill health rights aim to enable citizens to lead a decent and mentally fulfilling life.
Relato de experiência: horto medicinal como terapia complementar para transtornos mentais leves em Unidade de Atenção Primária
Authors: Souza Mayra Gabriela Machado de , Mendonça Joana Moscoso Teixeira , Mainardi Giseli Lage Libânio de Almeida
Published: December 2024

Considerando a busca por alternativas terapêuticas para transtornos mentais leves, as Práticas Integrativas e Complementares (PICS), como horticultura terapêutica e mindfulness, vêm se consolidando na Atenção Primária à Saúde por seu potencial de promover bem-estar e reduzir sintomas de estresse e ansiedade. Objetiva-se, com este relato de experiência, descrever a implementação de um horto medicinal em uma unidade de saúde pública do Rio de Janeiro, visando o fortalecimento do autocuidado, a criação de um espaço de apoio social e a valorização do uso de plantas medicinais na saúde mental. Para tanto, adotou-se uma metodologia participativa, envolvendo cerca de 10 usuários e profissionais na construção e manutenção do horto. As atividades incluíram práticas de mindfulness, pedagogia da roda para troca de saberes populares e científicos, além do cultivo de plantas medicinais selecionadas para o tratamento de transtornos leves. Desse modo, observa-se que a iniciativa estimulou a autonomia dos participantes, valorizou o saber popular e fortaleceu redes de apoio, promovendo um ambiente terapêutico e inclusivo. Conclui-se que o horto medicinal é uma ferramenta promissora na atenção primária, com impacto positivo na saúde mental e no fortalecimento de vínculos sociais, sendo recomendada a continuidade e ampliação desse tipo de projeto.
Generación de bioenergía con híbridos de maíz en la provincia del Chaco. Un aporte al desarrollo regional
Authors: Hryczyñski Eduardo , Brachna Daniel Orlando , Yanevich Claudia Elisabeth Díaz , López Walter Gustavo , Sánchez Cesar Nicolás
Published: December 2024

Las grandes extensiones de cultivo de maíz en la provincia del Chaco se deben a su diversidad climática, que permite obtener un gran volumen de producción. La transformación del grano de maíz en bioetanol sería una alternativa para agregar valor en origen. El objetivo de la iniciativa fue determinar la respuesta correspondiente al rendimiento de grano y contenido de almidón de los híbridos considerados en el ensayo, por efecto de factores ambientales y edáficos, y su potencial teórico de conversión en bioetanol. Para ello, se recogieron datos climáticos y edáficos de cada parcela, y se determinó el rendimiento y contenido en almidón del grano para cada material examinado, así como el volumen teórico esperado de bioetanol. Para determinar el comportamiento de los diferentes híbridos de maíz transgénico cultivados en distintos ambientes, se analizó la correlación entre las variables dependientes, rendimiento y almidón, y las independientes, ambiente y suelo. Esto permitió observar los efectos generados entre las variables estudiadas. Los resultados obtenidos demostraron la ausencia de correlación entre almidón y rendimiento. Se observa que los diferentes híbridos de maíz presentaron rendimientos significativos, tanto en rendimiento de grano como en composición de almidón (%), destacando su alto potencial como fuente de generación de energía renovable (bioetanol).
Uso da geotecnologia ambiental no transporte de granéis sólidos no sistema portuário brasileiro e no complexo portuário do Itaqui
Authors: Silva Cláudio Henrique Fonseca da , Sousa Diogo Sousa de , Ferreira Edinaiane Carneiro , Frazão Ricardo Henrique Nascimento , Funo Izabel Cristina da Silva Almeida , Maciel Adeilton Pereira , Frazão Fabiana Frazão
Published: December 2024

Objetivou-se neste trabalho elaborar um mapa temático como uma ferramenta da geotecnologia ambiental relacionando com o transporte de graneis sólidos no Sistema Portuário Brasileiro e no Complexo Portuário do Itaqui. A  metodologia  utilizada  foi  a  pesquisa  bibliográfica pertinente  ao  tema  e para os dados referente a movimentação portuária de cargas tanto nos portos brasileiros, quanto no Complexo Portuário Maranhense, se fez uso de busca dos dados estatísticos da ANTAQ e da EMAP. Utilizou o software QGIS para a elaboração do mapa temático de localização e registro de movimentação de granéis sólidos no Sistema Portuário Brasileiro e Complexo Portuário do Itaqui. Percebeu-se que os granéis são os tipos de carga mais movimentadas no país (84%). Os granéis sólidos representam 59,4% do total movimentado nacionalmente. O minério de ferro e a soja são os tipos de cargas mais movimentadas em portos brasileiros e no Estado do Maranhão, através dos Terminais da Ponta da Madeira e Porto do Itaqui, respectivamente. Diante disto, conclui-se que o Complexo Portuário Maranhense é fundamental para a desenvolvimento da economia nacional e regional e serve de apoio logístico para o escoamento de diversas commodities em transportes multimodais.
Comportamiento del contenido de humedad en frutos de chile huacle, cultivado en invernadero
Authors: Olguin Juan Quintanar , Ruíz Antonio Martínez , Mayoral Luis Eduardo García , Patlan Edna Elena Suarez
Published: December 2024

El chile huacle (Capsicum annuum L.) es uno de los chiles más populares en Oaxaca, reconocido como ingrediente principal del mole negro oaxaqueño. Su fruto pertenece al morfotipo de los chiles anchos; su color varía de acuerdo a sus etapas de desarrollo; cuando está inmaduro es verde intenso, cuando está maduro es café brillante y cuando está deshidratado es negro. Su comercialización se realiza en seco. Dada la poca información disponible sobre el comportamiento de la cantidad de agua durante el periodo de crecimiento y maduración del fruto del chile, el presente estudio caracterizó el comportamiento de la humedad en base húmeda, durante el desarrollo y maduración del fruto del chile huacle, hasta la cosecha. El comportamiento del contenido de humedad en base húmeda de los frutos del chile huacle, representado por una curva normal, inicio con un valor de 87.4%, aumentó hasta alcanzar un máximo de 92.5%, iniciando un descenso hasta alcanzar un valor de 85.5% durante la cosecha. La pérdida de humedad inició cuando el fruto alcanzó su madurez.
AI in the Learning Environment: Examination of Pedagogical, Psychological, and Ethical Implications
Authors: Krsmanovic Gala , Deek Fadi P.
Published: December 2024

This paper provides an overview of how AI tools and capabilities are being integrated in teaching and learning. It also addresses ethical aspects of integrating AI and other advanced technologies in these processes as well as the resulting implications. These issues include algorithmic fairness, privacy and surveillance, intellectual property rights, misinformation and violence, health concerns, and social implications. In addition, how access to such tools will impact the cognitive functions of their users, particularly learners, has become a relevant question. Much more information is now becoming easily accessible to a wider population, making it important to understand and mitigate AI ramifications to human learning, reasoning, and perception, especially for young learners whose brains are still in the early developmental stages. To that end, this paper also reviews the current literature regarding the impact of AI integration in education, focusing on the potential effects this can have on the cognitive abilities and functions of learners. Thus, with AI making its way into the educational realm, from pre-college to advanced studies levels, understanding the resulting pedagogical, psychological, and ethical ramifications can guide thoughtful development and appropriate integration of AI tools in support of the learning environment.
Empowering Diversity by Building Inclusive Software Engineering Projects with Large Language Models
Authors: Maathuis Clara , Alpar Greg , Bromuri Stefano
Published: December 2024

The integration of emerging AI technologies, particularly Large Language Models (LLMs), is fundamentally reshaping the landscape of software engineering. LLMs offer a wide array of capabilities that can enhance various aspects of software development, including design assistance, automated code analysis and synthesis, and testing. Consequently, their integration into software engineering practices holds the potential to greatly improve efficiency and code quality, marking a notable paradigm shift towards the creation of more intelligent and adaptive systems. This allows the definition of an extended perspective when establishing requirements for building software engineering solutions by incorporating evidence from literature resources and practice. By synthesizing requirements and evidence from scholarly and practitioner sources using LLMs, software engineers can ensure that their solutions are not only technically sound but also align with best practices in fostering social norms and values like inclusivity. Adopting such an approach supports the creation of responsible and inclusive educational software that caters to diverse learning needs and promotes equitable access to educational resources. Moreover, by using LLMs to inform decision-making throughout the software development lifecycle, software engineers can iteratively refine and enhance their solutions based on emerging research findings, thereby ensuring continuous improvement in fostering inclusive educational environments. Hence, this research aims to develop a novel evidence-based software engineering method informed by insights from scientific literature. As a use case, we design and implement a dyslexia-oriented educational software application that supports children in learning to read, guided by this new methodological approach.
“Should everyone have access to AI? " Perspectives on Ownership of AI tools for Security
Authors: Ezzeddine Yasmine , Bayerl Petra Saskia
Published: December 2024

Given the widespread concerns about the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools into security and law enforcement, it is natural for digital governance to strive for greater inclusivity in both practice and design (Chohan and Hu, 2020). This inclusivity can manifest in several ways, such as advocating for legal frameworks and algorithmic governance (Schuilenburg and Peeters, 2020), allowing individuals choice, and addressing unintended consequences in extensive data management (Peeters and Widlak, 2018). An under-reflected aspect is the question of ownership, i.e., who should be able to possess and deploy AI tools for law enforcement purposes. Our interview findings from 111 participants across seven countries identified five citizens viewpoints with respect to AI ownership of security-related AI: (1) Police and police-governed agencies; (2) Citizens who disassociate themselves; (3) Entities other than the police; (4) All citizens including themselves; and (5) No one or Unsure. The five clusters represent disparate perspectives on who should be responsible for AI technologies, as well as related concerns about data ownership and expertise, and thus link into broader discussions on responsibility for security, i.e., what deserves protection, how and by whom. The findings contribute theoretically to digitalization, smart technology, social inclusion, and security studies. Additionally, it seeks to influence policy by advocating for AI development that addresses citizen concerns, thereby mitigating risks, social, and ethical implications associated with AI. Crucially, it aims to highlight citizens’ concerns around the potential for malicious actors to exploit ownership of such powerful technology for harmful purposes.
Generative AI and Educational (In)Equity
Authors: Gabriel Sonja
Published: December 2024

This paper examines the complex relationship between generative artificial intelligence (AI) and educational equity, analysing both the opportunities and challenges presented by these emerging technologies in educational contexts. The paper begins by establishing fundamental distinctions between educational equality and equity, emphasizing how various socioeconomic, cultural, and systemic factors contribute to persistent educational disparities. It then provides a comprehensive overview of generative AI technologies, particularly focusing on Large Language Models (LLMs) and their applications in educational settings. The analysis reveals several promising applications of generative AI for promoting educational equity, including enhanced accessibility features for students with disabilities, personalized learning experiences, and the creation of Open Educational Resources (OER). The paper highlights how AI-assisted tutoring, incorporating Socratic dialogue methods, and AI-generated feedback systems can provide valuable educational support, especially in resource-constrained environments. These technologies demonstrate potential in breaking down traditional barriers to education by offering multilingual support, adaptive learning materials, and immediate feedback mechanisms. However, the paper also addresses significant challenges and risks associated with implementing generative AI in education. These include concerns about digital divides, both in terms of access to technology and digital literacy skills, as well as the potential for AI systems to perpetuate existing biases. The research emphasizes the importance of thoughtful integration of AI technologies in educational settings, suggesting that the most effective approach may be a balanced combination of human instruction and AI-supported learning. By examining these various aspects, the paper contributes to ongoing discussions about how to harness generative AI's potential while ensuring its implementation promotes, rather than hinders, educational equity. The findings have significant implications for educators, policymakers, and educational institutions working to create more equitable learning environments in an increasingly technology-driven world.
Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the Dentist's Work: The Perspective of Anthropomorphization and Cognitive Aspects of the Decision-Making Process
Authors: Knupp Muniz Guilherme , Paula Reis Luciana , Evangelista Silva Sérgio , Marques Fernandes June
Published: December 2024

This research aims to evaluate the performance of an artificial intelligence (AI) tool called CranioCatch, which assists dentists by examining the anthropomorphization and cognitive aspects of the decision-making process. It remains unclear to what extent technology replaces or complements the work of healthcare professionals. Additionally, the specific cognitive aspects of the decision-making process attributed to CranioCatch, characterizing the anthropomorphization of the technology, have not been mapped. The methodology employed included "instruction to the double," "shadowing," and interviews. The study reveals how CranioCatch replicates cognitive activities performed by dentists by comparing, correlating, and associating images from a specific patient with similar images in a database. Through these steps (comparison, correlation, and association), which constitute the identification of the problem, it is possible to develop alternatives and select the best solution for the patient's situation. Thus, AI contributes to both the identification and action aspects of the decision-making process. From a physical perspective of anthropomorphization, the primary characteristic replicated by AI was the sense of vision. Regarding contributions to dentistry, the AI technology studied enhances the efficiency of professionals, notably reducing evaluation and diagnosis times.
Citizens’ Right to Information and the Principle of Good Administration: What’s new in the AI Act?
Authors: Anna Murphy Høgenhaug  , Hanne Marie Motzfeldt
Published: December 2024

The EU Artificial Intelligence (AI) Act has sparked debates about establishing new or expanded information rights for citizens affected by AI-based administrative decision-making (AADM). While some argue that new or expanded information rights to citizens are reasonable and ethically recommendable, others caution that such rights may inhibit innovation. However, as with any public debate, arguments should be grounded in a clear understanding of existing rights enshrined in current regulations. This article conducts a legal dogmatic analysis of the right to good administration in the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights (EU Charter) and its constituent information rights, namely the right to consultation, the right to access, and the right to an explanation, to provide a foundation for future debates on new or expanded information rights for citizens affected by AADM. Moreover, this article explores how the transparency provision in Article 13 of the AI Act interacts with these information rights and discusses whether these regulations collectively form a robust legal framework for citizens affected by AADM. Our approach to selecting and examining legal sources mirrors that of the Court of Justice of the European Union, as the Court holds the interpretation privilege of the examined provisions (dogmatic method within legal realism).
What The Phish! Effects of AI on Phishing Attacks and Defense
Authors: Shreyas Kumar  , Anisha Menezes  , Sarthak Giri  , Srujan Kotikela
Published: December 2024

The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) has significantly transformed the landscape of phishing attacks, presenting new challenges for detection and defense. AI-generated phishing emails, which leverage machine learning and natural language processing (NLP), have become increasingly sophisticated, making traditional detection methods ineffective. This research analyzes the evolution and impact of AI-driven phishing attacks, comparing the distinguishing linguistic and contextual patterns of AI-generated versus human-generated phishing emails. The study utilizes a comprehensive dataset, insights from informal discussions with Chief Information Security Officers (CISOs), and an analysis of historical phishing incidents before and after the release of advanced generative models like ChatGPT. Findings reveal that AI-generated phishing emails exhibit higher success rates due to their ability to bypass conventional spam filters and mimic human communication styles. Additionally, the research identifies significant gaps in current defense strategies and recommends a multi-layered security framework that integrates AI-specific detection tools, real-time threat intelligence, and machine learning-based anomaly detection to mitigate these evolving threats. This study emphasizes the need for organizations to proactively adapt to the growing sophistication of AI-powered phishing by implementing advanced defenses that are capable of keeping pace with the rapidly changing cyber threat landscape.
Designing an Artificial Intelligence Maturity Model for Human Resources (HR-AIMM)
Authors: Armutat Sascha , Wattenberg Malte , Mauritz Nina
Published: December 2024

Artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to change the world of work radically. Wherever information processing is involved, AI can be integrated into processes with added value. From the perspective of Human Resource (HR) management, this implies three things: first, business models and performance processes in the company will undergo change; second, employee requirements will change; and third, HR processes will change. While the literature describes various AI maturity models, there has been no dedicated consideration of HR management. This article, therefore, aims to identify relevant influencing factors for an AI-orientated approach to HR management and to describe these in more detail using maturity levels in a Human Resources Artificial Intelligence Maturity Model (HR-AIMM). The resulting HR-AIMM consists of eleven dimensions. These include anchoring the AI topic in the corporate and HR strategy, its use in selected HR processes, considering ethical, data-related, and infrastructural principles, and organisational, cultural, and competence-related anchoring. The characteristics of these factors enable the identification of four maturity levels for using AI in HR management: from a curious start to the level of holistic integration. Our framework supports researchers and companies in understanding and evaluating the factors influencing the professional application of AI in HR management.
The Contribution of Biomass Energy on Urban Sustainable Development: Opportunities and Challenges
Authors: Jahanbakhsh Mashhadi Ali , García González María Cristina , Issa-zadeh Seyed Behbood
Published: December 2024

This paper examines the biomass energy issue, particularly its potential and problems in urban sustainability development. With the increase in demand for energy worldwide and sources of traditional fossil fuels gradually dwindling, biomass and other new and sustainable sources become more critical. A qualitative approach is taken to develop the framework, considering literature reviews and content analysis as the techniques employed. The results highlight the potential of biomass in meeting energy demands at the global scale but simultaneously stress the need for would-be expertise management to leverage the potential. The advantages of biomass energy include but are not limited to the enhancement of economic development, environmental upgrading, and boosting energy security by decreasing the dependence on fossil fuels. Land allocation disputes and negative energy balance issues complicate the situation, but recent technologies have eliminated such helpless considerations. The policy and planning implications show that such biomass energy potential cannot be fully exploited without government policy support, infrastructure investment, and international cooperation. This research tries to show above all that, despite the limitations, biomass energy provides significant benefits for city sustainability through the diversification of energy supply, intending to achieve goals compatible with global sustainable development. Areas for future research are provided, leaning toward more quantitative and empirical research to solve problems and verify theories. In fact, cities need to use biomass energy with ecological and equitable perspectives in mind.
Rice Quality Identification Built on Indonesian Food Standards Based on Electronic Nose using Naïve Bayes Algorithm
Authors: Jauhar Vikri Muhammad , Wisma Dwi Prastya Ifnu , Pradema Sanjaya Ucta , Agung Barata Mula
Published: December 2024

Rice is a staple food in Indonesia, where its quality is regulated by the National Food Standards outlined in National Food Agency Regulation No. 2 of 2023 on Rice Quality and Labeling Requirements. Rice is classified into four grades: premium, medium 1, medium 2, and medium 3. The widespread practice of mislabeling lower-quality rice as a premium through repackaging highlights the critical need for quality control measures. An electronic nose (e-nose) is a reliable device for food quality control. Previous studies have demonstrated its ability to classify rice into two quality grades with 80% accuracy. This study uses exponential data transformation and the Naive Bayes algorithm to enhance the classification accuracy for four rice quality grades according to national standards. The methodology includes signal acquisition, feature extraction using statistical parameters, exponential data transformation, classification, and performance evaluation. The results show that exponential data transformation improves classification accuracy to 97%. This technology can be implemented for automated quality control in milling facilities, storage warehouses, and distribution centres, ensuring consistent rice quality while enhancing supply chain efficiency. The e-nose-based model offers a fast and reliable solution, minimising reliance on human operators.
MACHINE FOR SPRING TECHNOLOGICAL HARVESTING OF INDUSTRIAL HEMP
Authors: NALOBINA O.O , HOLOTIUK M.V. , BUNDZA O.Z. , SHYMKO A.V. , PUTS V.S. , MARTYNIUK V.L.
Published: December 2024

The development of industrial hemp production necessitates the creation of new technical means and methods, and the refinement of technological approaches for cultivating and harvesting this crop. In Ukraine, where the hemp industry is experiencing a period of active growth, there is a particular need for technical solutions that can ensure a high-quality harvesting process and remain affordable for relatively small farms. The article discusses the efficiency of the machine that was developed and manufactured for spring harvesting of hemp stalks. The parameters of the hemp stalks windrow were considered, taking into account the factors affecting its quality. In addition, there were selected the parameters to asses the quality of the resulting windrow. The research was carried out using probability theory and statistical methods. Through experimental studies, the functionality of the developed and manufactured machine was confirmed. It was established that the machine facilitates the formation of a uniform windrow from hemp stalks, with the skew cutting angle not exceeding 17˚, which allows it to be collected with a baler, minimizing the risk of clogging.
A HIGH-ACCURACY SHEEP FACE RECOGNITION MODEL BASED ON IMPROVED ResNet50
Authors: ZHANG Xiwen , XUAN Chuanzhong , ZHANG Tao , SUN Quan
Published: December 2024

Accurate identification of sheep is of significant importance for modern, intensive sheep farming. Traditionally, herders have used conventional methods to identify individual sheep, which are time-consuming, labor-intensive, and prone to considerable errors. In recent years, researchers have developed sheep face recognition models based on deep learning techniques to identify sheep using facial images. However, existing models suffer from insufficient theoretical research and limited recognition accuracy. To address these issues, this study develops a high-accuracy sheep face recognition model named ResNet-SFR. The core innovation of this model is the deepening of the feature extraction network of the original ResNet50, which enhances the model's ability to capture various facial features in sheep images, as well as improving its generalization and stability. Additionally, the Convolutional Block Attention Module (CBAM) attention mechanism is embedded into the original model to further enhance the identification of key features, significantly increasing the accuracy of sheep face recognition. Transfer learning is employed to pre-train the sheep face recognition model, further boosting the accuracy of ResNet-SFR. Experimental results show that on a self-constructed sheep face image dataset, ResNet-SFR achieves a recognition accuracy of 96.6%, demonstrating its superior performance in sheep face recognition tasks. The proposed ResNet-SFR not only offers high recognition accuracy but also exhibits strong applicability, meeting the practical needs of farm identification and showcasing promising application prospects.
NUMERICAL SIMULATION AND EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH ON COMPACTION DEVICE OF SEEDBED LEVELING MACHINE
Authors: SHAN Bo-jun , CHE Gang , WAN Lin , ZHAO Nai-chen , ZHANG Qiang
Published: December 2024

Currently, the compaction operations in rice seedling greenhouses are mostly performed manually or with simple machinery, resulting in significant discrepancies between the operational effects and requirements. Moreover, simple compaction machinery towed by small tractors cannot meet the dimensional requirements of rice seedling greenhouses. To address the issues of limited types of rice seedling compaction machinery and inability to meet the technical requirements for seedbed compaction quality, an eccentric compaction mechanism suitable for use in rice seedling greenhouses has been designed to reduce manual labor and improve soil firmness and evenness of seedbeds. Based on eccentric vibration theory, the motion equation of the leveling machine was established, and numerical simulations of the eccentric compaction mechanism were conducted using the RecurDyn-EDEM coupling method. Results indicate that the eccentric compaction mechanism effectively resolves the inability of traditional compaction devices to meet soil firmness requirements. Using a seedbed leveling machine independently developed by Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, parameter optimization experiments were conducted using a second-order orthogonal rotational combination simulation method. The optimized parameter combination was: forward speed of 0.708 m/s, eccentric shaft rotation speed of 63.23 rad/s, and counterweight box mass of 50.99 kg, resulting in soil firmness of 3156.554 kPa and evenness of 0.02573 m. The experimental results were within 5% relative error of the simulation optimization results, indicating that the seedbed soil firmness and evenness meet agronomic requirements and have practical application value.
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT OF POWER DETECTION TECHNOLOGY AND DEVICE FOR KEY PARTS OF GREEN FODDER HARVESTER
Authors: NIU Kang , CUI Xiaoyi , QIN Ruikang , WANG Yuqi , WANG Weijing , ZHOU Liming , LIU Yangchun , WANG Fengzhu , WANG Dongyang , ZHANG Weipeng
Published: December 2024

The study focuses on the self-propelled forage harvester and analyzes various parameters such as the working speed and torque of the cutting table, chopped roll, throwing fan, walking parts, and the output flow rate and pressure of the hydraulic pump of the feeding section. Field experiments show that the fan, walking, chopping roller, and grain crushing roller drive powers account for 7-8%, 7-10%, 24-28%, and 13-21% of the engine power, respectively. The driving power of the inner and outer sides of the cutting table, fan, and walking power account for a relatively stable proportion of the engine output power. The study collects and analyzes operation parameters simultaneously to provide a reference for evaluating the performance and optimizing the design of corn forage harvesters.