bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
First record of alien species Chymomyza amoena [Diptera
Authors: Pajač Živković Ivana , Mešić Aleksandar , Seljak Gabrijel , Šubić Milorad , Barić Božena
Published: August 2018

Strana vrsta Chymomyza amoena (Loew 1862) zabilježena je prvi puta u Hrvatskoj. Ova fitofagna vrsta octene muhe porijeklom iz Sjeverne Amerike otkrivena je u Europi 1975. godine na području nekadašnje Čehoslovačke, a već 1980. godine zabilježena u dvije nama susjedne države (Mađarskoj i Srbiji). Smatra se da se C. amoena proširila uvozom jabuke iz Amerike u Europu, a velik broj dostupnih biljaka domaćina (domaće jabuke, engleski hrast te europski kesten) zaslužan je za široku rasprostranjenost vrste u Europi. U radu se navode biljke domaćini, morfologija i biologija vrste, lokalitet prvog pronalaska, te se prognozira širenje vrste na području Hrvatske. C. amoena razvija se u različitim vrstama orašastih, jezgričavih i koštićavih plodova oštećenim od primarnih štetnika, te se smatra jedinom vrstom octene muhe s ovakvim razvojnim navikama u Sjevernoj Americi i Europi. Poznati domaćini u Europi su šumske vrste (kesten i hrast crnika) te voćne vrste (jabuka, divlja trešnja i šljiva). C. amoena ne pričinjava primarne štete u uzgoju, stoga se ne smatra štetnikom u poljoprivredi i šumarstvu. Dva primjerka vrste pronađena su tijekom 2016. godine u vinogradu na području Međimurske županije okruženim šumom i zapuštenim voćnjakom jabuke. S obzirom da je Međimurska županija poznata voćarska regija, a u relativnoj blizini u okolici Medvednice, Hrvatskom zagorju i Samoborskom gorju nalaze se i kestenove sastojine, pretpostavlja se da bi vrsta mogla biti proširena na području Sjeverozapadne Hrvatske, te na drugim sastojinama pitomog kestena u Hrvatskoj. Rad predstavlja prvi nalaz vrste C. amoena na području Hrvatske, te pruža nove uvide o rasprostranjenosti vrste u Europi.
Comparison of stand structure in managed and virgin european beech forests in Serbia
Authors: Matović Bratislav , STJEPANOVIĆ Stefan , Kneginjić Igor , Stojanović Dejan , Kisin Bratislav , Koprivica Miloš
Published: August 2018

U radu se prikazuju rezultati usporedbe strukturnih i proizvodnih karakteristika bukovih sastojina gospodarskog i  prašumskog tipa u Srbiji. Istraživano je pet sastojina gospodarskog  i tri sastojine prašumskog tipa. Cilj ovog istraži­va­nja bio je utvrditi utjecaj prethodnog gospodarenja šumama na strukturnu raznolikost i proizvodne osobine visokih bukovih šuma u Srbiji. Istraživane sastojine nalaze se u planinskom rasponu od 400 do 1200 metara nadmorske visine u područjima gdje se nalaze najproduktivnije bukove šume u Srbiji (slika 1 i tablica 1). Strukturne karakteristike uspore­đe­ne su pomoću sljedećih parametara: visinske krivulje, debljinska struktura, Gini indeks, koeficijent varijacije, koeficijent vitkosti i maksimalne dimenzije dubećih živih i mrtvih stabla. Sastojinsku gustoću i produktivne osobine  proučavane su pomoću sljedećih procijenenih taksacijskih elemenata: broj stabala, temeljnica, volumen, biomasa, zaliha ugljika, srednji promjer po temeljnici, Lorajeva srednja visina i volumen mrtvog drveta. Najveće razlike pronađene su u dimenzijama najvećih stabala u bukovim sasatojinama gospodarskog i prašumskog tipa (tablica 4). Određene razlike pro­na­đene su u obliku visinskih krivulja i debljinskoj strukturi, i vrijednostima koeficijenta vitkosti (slike 2, 3, 4 i 5, i tablica 3).  Međutim, Ginijev indeks i koeficijent varijacije pokazuju da su bukove sastojine gospodarskog tipa u Srbiji u velikoj mjeri sačuvale iskonsku strukturnu raznolikost (tablica 2 i slika 6). Razlike u prosječnim vrijednostima taksacijskih elemenata sastojina gospodarskog tipa visokih bukovih šumama u Srbiji u odnosu na sastojine prašumskog tipa su statistički značajne, što nam govori da je prethodno gospodarenje imalo značajan utjecaj na promjene u proizvodnim karakteristikama ovih šuma u Srbiji (tablica 5).
Contribution to the research on wood pellet characteristics from Turopolje area
Authors: Šafran Branimir , Jug Matija , Risović Stjepan , Vučković Krešimir , Augustinović Kristijan , Hasan Marijan , Radmanović Kristijan
Published: August 2018

U ovome radu analiziraju se kvalitativna svojstva peleta izrađenih iz vrsta drva turopoljskog kraja – sadržaj pepela, ogrjevna vrijednost, gustoća peleta i tlačna čvrstoća. Prikupljeni su uzorci hrasta lužnjaka (Quercus robur L.), običnoga graba (Carpinus betulus L.), poljskog jasena (Fraxinus angustifolia Vahl.), crne johe (Alnus glutinosa L.) i crne topole (Populus nigra L.). Prikupljeni i okorani uzorci usitnjeni su na mlinu s noževima na granulaciju 2,00 mm. Na uzorcima je ispitan sadržaj vode, pepela i ogrjevna vrijednost. Sadržaj pepela određen je zasebno za koru i drvo. Sadržaj pepela u kori pokazuje visok udio kod hrasta lužnjaka koji iznosi 13,64 % i graba sa 11,91 %, dok je kod ostalih vrsta udio pepela u kori između 7 i 10 %. Sadržaj pepela okoranog drva pokazuje vrijednosti 0,63 % za hrast, 0,50 % za jasen, 0,46 % za grab. Vrijednosti sadržaja pepela kod johe i topole bile su oko 0,4 %. Rezultati ukazuju na potrebu okoravanja u proizvodnji peleta s ciljem postizanja kvalitete peleta klase A1 i A2. Određivanjem ogrjevne vrijednosti najbolji rezultati utvrđeni su kod uzorka drva crne topole koja iznosi 19,63 MJ/g, a najmanja vrijednost izmjerena je kod uzorka graba 18,94 MJ/g. Nadalje, navedeni uzorci pomiješani su te su fomirane 3 grupe mješavina. Udio tvrdih vrsta listača hrasta, graba i jasena u svakoj pojedinoj mješavini bio je 60 % dok su u preostalom udjelu od 40 % jednoliko sudjelovale joha (20 %) i topola (20 %). Formirane mješavine materijala JTJ (jasen 60 : topola 20 : joha 20), HTJ (hrast 60 : topola 20 : joha 20) i GTJ (grab 60 : topola 20 : joha 20) prešane su u pelete uz pomoć hidrauličke laboratorijske preše pri 2 veličine sile (3,0 i 6,0 kN) i 2 temperature (150 i 200 °C). Po isprešanju, peleti su ostavljeni 15 dana da se dimenzijski stabiliziraju te su im određene dimenzije i gustoća. Peleti su potom ispitani na tlačnu čvrstoću u radijalnom smjeru pomoću kidalice. Peleti iz svih mješavina, prešani silom 6,0 kN kod temperature 200 °C pokazali su visoku gustoću koja je bila u rasponu 1 207 – 1 234 kg/m3. Peleti osnovne mješavine jasena dali su kod sile 3,0 kN i temperature 200 °C vrlo visoku gustoću od ≈ 1200 kg/m3, dok su općenito najmanju gustoću imali peleti osnovne mješavine graba kod svih režima prešanja. Rezultati tlačne čvrstoće u radijalnom smjeru pokazuju najbolje rezultate kod peleta prešanih pri 6,0 kN i 200 °C i to 13,59 MPa kod osnovne mješavine jasena, 11,1 MPa mješavine hrasta i 9,06 MPa mješavine graba.
Ako se tlačna čvrstoća peleta promatra zbirno prema mješavini, značajno bolje rezultate daju peleti izrađeni iz mješavine jasena, topole i johe u usporedbi s ostale dvije mješavine.
Incidência de cânceres na região de abrangência da 12ª Coordenadora Regional de Saúde do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
Authors: Schmidt dos Santos Caroline , Victorino da Silva Jaqueline , Klein Patrícia Wesz , Paganotto Lopes Marcia Werklehr , Medeiros Andrade Vera Regina , Vieira Soares Narciso
Published: August 2018

Objetivo: Analisar a incidência de cânceres na população residente na região de abrangência da 12ª Coordenadora Regional de Saúde do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Método: Pesquisa transversal retrospectiva realizada no Programa de Educação pelo Trabalho, PET/REDES de Atenção à Saúde priorizando o enfrentamento do câncer de colo de útero e mama sobre a incidência de cânceres na população residente nos 24 municípios da região de abrangência da 12º Coordenadora Regional de Saúde (CRS), no ano de 2013. Resultados: Os cânceres mais incidentes na população masculina foram de próstata com 126 novos casos (34,33% do total de canceres nessa população), 24 (6,54%) de pele não melanoma, 24 (6,54%) de esôfago e 29 (7,9%) de traqueia, brônquios e pulmão. Na população feminina foram 109 (34,94%) novos casos de câncer de mama, 29 (9,29%) de colo de útero e 14 (4,49%) de traqueia, brônquios e pulmão. No estado do Rio Grande do Sul, o câncer apresenta altos índices, independente da condição social ou acesso à saúde. Conclusão: Esse projeto possibilitou um maior conhecimento sobre os tipos mais incidentes de câncer na nossa região, para futuras ações de prevenção e controle de fatores de risco para essa doença.

Palavras-chave: Neoplasias; Epidemiologia; Saúde Pública; Educação; Comunidade.
Fatores de Virulência de Candida albicans Isoladas da Mucosa Oral de Pacientes HIV Positivo
Authors: Goulart Leticia , Sousa de Lima Janaina , Aoyama Vieira Camila , Rosa de Souza Werika Weryanne , Moura Selma Vieira de
Published: August 2018

O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a atividade de proteinase, fosfolipase e hemólise de Candida albicans isoladas da cavidade oral de indivíduos HIV positivo e avaliar a influência da terapia antirretroviral com inibidores da protease (IP) na produção enzimática. Foram estudados vinte e cinco isolados de C. albicans obtidos de swabs orais de pacientes HIV positivo. Para analisar a produção de proteinase, fosfolipase e hemólise foram utilizados meios de cultura contendo albumina bovina, gema de ovo e sangue, respectivamente. Dezenove (76%) isolados apresentaram atividade de proteinase. Todas as linhagens de C. albicans estudadas produziram fosfolipase e hemolisinas. Nenhuma diferença estatística significativa foi encontrada na intensidade da atividade de exoenzimas em isolados de pacientes usando IP quando comparados com aqueles que não utilizam estes antivirais, sugerindo que os IP não reduzem in vitro a secreção destas enzimas por C. albicans. A elevada produção de proteinase, fosfolipase e hemolisinas evidencia o potencial poder patogênico destes isolados.
Gota: uma revisão da literatura.
Authors: Heckler Adriane Maris , Wust Bruna Uhmann , Libardoni Karine Santos de Bona , Oliveira Tiago Bittencourt de
Published: August 2018

A Gota ou também chamada de artrite gotosa é uma artropatia inflamatória desencadeada pelo excesso de ácido úrico que acaba se depositando, na forma de cristal de urato monossódico, na articulação. O ácido úrico é o produto final do metabolismo das purinas, que deve dissolver-se no sangue e ser eliminado através da urina. Quantidades excessivas de acido úrico podem surgir devido a erros inatos do metabolismo das purinas seja pela superprodução e/ou insuficiência na excreção renal de ácido úrico ou pode estar relacionado a condições ou enfermidades que elevam seus níveis séricos. O presente estudo baseou-se numa revisão da literatura que teve como objetivo salientar aspectos recentes da gota relacionados a patogenia, além de características clínicas, diagnóstico, prevenção e tratamento. Para a realização desta revisão, foram selecionados artigos científicos publicados em bancos de dados. Foram utilizados artigos publicados nos últimos 15 anos, nos idiomas português, espanhol e inglês. A Gota pode ser dividida em quatro fases: hiperuricemia assintomática, crise aguda, períodos intercríticos e gota crônica que podem evoluir para urolitíase e nefropatia úrica. A gravidade da doença é proporcional à frequência das crises agudas e a repetição desses quadros indica progressão do processo patológico. 
Uso de vírus adeno-associado: um avanço na terapia gênica
Authors: Anjos Colombo Gabriela , Lunkes de Melo Gabrielly , Matter Letícia Beatriz
Published: August 2018

Resumo

A terapia gênica utiliza técnicas de engenharia genética para interferir na origem de uma doença. Nesta técnica introduz-se uma sequência de DNA codificante nas células do paciente como tratamento para a correção de um problema recorrente devido a um gene mutado. O uso de vetores virais recombinantes para introduzir o gene correto no indivíduo tem se mostrado bastante desafiador e promissor. Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar de forma atualizada os conceitos básicos e as perspectivas da terapia gênica para doenças as doenças: fibrose cística, artrite reumatoide, hemofilia e dislipidemia (deficiência da lipoproteína lipase) utilizando o vírus adeno-associado (VAA) como vetor doador do novo gene. Os avanços obtidos no emprego desta técnica, como método de tratamento, podem contribuir largamente para a otimização da terapêutica e, consequentemente, melhorar a qualidade de vida de pacientes portadores de diferentes doenças incuráveis. Neste sentido, os VAA têm se mostrado tecnologicamente versáteis, seguros e efetivos veículos no procedimento.

 

Palavras-chave: terapia gênica, vírus adeno-associado, fibrose cística, artrite reumatóide, hemofilia, LPLD. 
FORMATION OF THE EARLY WARNING SYSTEM IN MANAGEMENT OF RISKS OF VINE-FISHING ENTERPRISES
Authors: Bondarenko S.A. , Rummo V.V.
Published: August 2018

In the article the essence of the concept of the risks of enterprises is disclosed, the main types of risks of winemaking enterprises are distinguished. The tools of the early warning system in risk management of winemaking enterprises have been developed, which includes identification of risks by degree of influence, their assessment for the purpose of prevention of consequences and systematic monitoring for the purpose of control. The identification of the influence of factors of the external and internal environment of the enterprise on the basis of "extraversion" and "introversion" for identifying threats and opportunities for the enterprise is proposed. The integration of intro and extroversion leads to an understanding of the degree of dependence of the enterprise on the external environment and the degree of its control, revealing the problems, positive tendencies and restrictions associated with both external and internal factors. This creates a constructive prerequisite for designing an early warning and control system for weak signals. As a
management tool. The system of criteria for assessing the probable risks of the development of a winemaking enterprise includes four groups of indicators for business processes allocated for winemaking enterprises: production-technological; market financial; investment-innovation. Wine-making enterprises are encouraged to form a culture of early warning of risks. This implies a change in the general attitude towards the risk of functions performed by managers, based not only on the adoption of current managerial decisions, but also on the analysis of changes occurring both in the external and in the internal business environment, an assessment of the risk factors on the first facts of their manifestation. The proposed methodical device can be used by economists and managers in practical activities for the formation of an early warning system at the enterprise, as well as for assessing the economic and economic risks of the planned planning decisions that will become the subject of further scientific research.
INSTITUTIONAL FACTORS OF INVESTMENT ACTIVITIES IMPROVING IN THE NATIONAL ECONOMY UNDER THE TERMS OF DECENTRALIZATION
Authors: Laiko O.I. , Chabarov V.O. , Araftenii A.M.
Published: August 2018

The article defines the factors of institutional support for the stimulating of investment activity in the Ukrainian economy under the influence of decentralization reform. The analyzed tendencies of falling volumes of foreign investments indicate poor performance of the applied measures of activation of investment processes in the national economy. The main causes of failure of investment activities are determined, among which the key role is played by the imperfection of the existing institutional support, because of its non-compliance with the real needs of the productive forces. It is established that in modern conditions when decentralization reform is being implemented, territorial communities become a key element in the implementation of investment activity regulators. It is stated that inconsistency of the informal and formal components of the institutional provision of investment development of territorial communities appears in the legislative mismatch with the real rules and conditions of the business entities, the excessive negative influence of informal institutions and the lack of subordinate acts that would ensure the implementation of strategic institutional tasks of investment development. The proposed conceptual idea of investment activity regulation is to join measures of institutional support of development on the national and basic levels. The legislative rules that establish general principles for the maintaining of investment activities and for the forming of united communities are to be supported with specific regulators that are to stimulate inter-communities cooperation and create appropriate business climate in basic territorial formations. The measures of the institutional support improving are proposed and their activity is to be realized on the levels of national economy and territorial communities with the help of tools of economic, informational, financial, marketing and other types of stimulation with the use of vertical and horizontal types of interaction of economic entities in the territorial communities. The main emphasis is made on measures of local incentives in territorial communities support, for instance: regional marketing tools are aimed on the creation of investment brand of the territory, informational tools consist of creation of local information bases and passports of investment abilities of the territories. The task for further research in this direction and for their practical implementation is the development of measures and mechanisms for the cooperation stimulating of community representatives in order to form their own ability to influence the state of the investment climate of the community.
OPEN INNOVATION CONCEPT AS A PART OF INTEGRATION OF UKRAINE INTO EUROPEAN RESEARCH AREA
Authors: RUBEL O.E. , ZHIKHAREVA A.A.
Published: August 2018

Topicality. The integration of Ukraine into European Research Area (ERA) offers additional opportunities for the development of the national research system through the potential entry of new innovation and technology markets and facilitating the communication between Ukrainian scientists and researchers from EU countries. Priority 5 of the ERA roadmap contains tasks to improve the access to publications, open scientific data and knowledge, the introduction of state support for innovation activities and new procedures for the transfer of knowledge, protection and effective use intellectual property for the purpose of optimal exchange and transfer of scientific knowledge for the disclosure of the science potential and promoting the creation of a competitive economy. This indicates that the concept �Open Innovations" is the leading element of scientific innovation.
Aim and tasks. The purpose of the article is to study the innovative "conceptual space" and to create the methodological basis for the implementation of the modern international innovative conceptual apparatus "Open innovation" in the Ukrainian economic scientific discourse.
Research results. Discussion of significance each of the concepts defined in the article is important and perspective in scientific and methodological sense. The formation of innovative discourse takes place at the junction of many disciplines: technical, economic, linguistic, philosophical, and social. The practice of innovative activity will determine the most effective and demanded in the future. The paradigm Open Innovation 2.0 is based on the concept of Shared Values / Development Strategy and the Model of Innovations "Quadro Helix". The essence of this paradigm means that civil society joins with business, academia, and government sectors to drive changes far beyond the scope of what any one organization can do on their own.
Conclusions. The cultivation and organization of an innovative ecosystem with common innovation platform allows to combine competition, active user participation and innovation. It is crucial for the success of innovative activities.
Financiamiento de la educación superior.
Authors: Armanet Pilar
Published: August 2018

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Financiamiento de acuerdo a objetivos de política
Authors: Peralta Alex , Nuñez Alonso , Peñafiel Antonio , Gutiérrez Felipe
Published: August 2018

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Hacia un reordenamiento más justo.
Authors: Montes Fernando
Published: August 2018

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¿Universidades Públicas?: Financiamiento Fiscal para o contra la Equidad de Oportunidades.
Authors: Samaniego Augusto
Published: August 2018

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La investigación y financiamiento de la educación superior.
Authors: Krauskopf Miguel
Published: August 2018

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Propuesta de financiamiento para la educación superior.
Authors: Giménez César
Published: August 2018

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Fondo solidario.
Authors: Santa Cruz Roberto
Published: August 2018

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Ideas centrales para una propuesta de arancel diferenciado.
Authors: Espinoza José
Published: August 2018

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Los créditos educativos desde una perspectiva internacional: la experiencia del Banco Mundial
Authors: Salmi Jamil
Published: August 2018

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El financiamiento de la educación superior en Inglaterra
Authors: Bekhradnia Bahram
Published: August 2018

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Reforma curricular de la educación media y educación superior: dos interrogantes
Authors: Cox Cristián
Published: August 2018

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La crisis en la educación superior multinacional
Authors: Altbach Phillip G.
Published: August 2018

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Docencia profesional y su ejercicio. La profesión de la docencia.
Authors: Avalos Beatrice
Published: August 2018

This paper focuses mainly on analysing the concept of the teaching profession in the context of the practice of teaching. To this end, it addresses two major elements deemed to be definitive of what the profession is: on the one hand, the body of knowledge it calls for and its features, and on the other hand, the claims of jurisdiction over the profession in the public, legal, and organizational fields. Between these two focuses of attention, efforts to protect the teaching quality are at stake â€“ since it is considered that it should be the responsibility of the profession itselfâ€“ and public demands regarding said quality. The second part of the paper refers to the practice of teaching and the limitations that affect it, which stem both from the profession itself as well as on the society in which it is practiced.
Administración de la gestión docente.
Authors: Guzmán Juan Antonio
Published: August 2018

Human resource management is generally very useful to study different types of organizations. Several types of analysis and application models are available for that purpose, one of which is described in this paper. On the one hand, the study analyzes the specific case involved in managing teacher administration, emphasizing the necessary compatibility between the individual role of the teacher and his/her integration to team work, in order to be able to adequately comply with the goals and objectives of the organization. On the other hand, the paper specifically addresses the trend to create institutions where equality prevails over and above the acknowledgement of individual talent and credit. Lastly, the study makes a proposal on the tools that can be applied to academic human resource management.
Nuevo rol del docente, nuevos desafíos a la docencia.
Authors: Donoso Sebastián
Published: August 2018

This paper sets forth the basic principles for a new role in higher education teaching and teaching staff, based on the significant asymmetries beatween the supply and demand of knowledge and its generation and transformation. This has given rise to considerable inadequacies and imbalances in university teaching. The situation has been made worse by a conservative approach to teaching which has reduced it to a secondary role (i.e. transmitting knowledge) thereby reflecting a practice which is not suitable for higher education institutions. The result is a loss of influence, prestige and resources in these institutions, as a result of the absence of an adequate response to the problems raised by globalization, structural inequalities in knowledge, etc., all of which are issues related to teaching. The proposed changes aim to achieve efficiency and efficacy in this sphere, proposing solutions to be implemented at the level of institutions, teaching and academicians, which, if executed rigorously, would help develop a new role for teaching.
La evaluación de aprendizajes en la educación superior.
Authors: Himmel Erika
Published: August 2018

This paper emphasizes the importance of assessing learning in higher education. To this end, the paper proposes an approach to learning at this level of education, showing that assessments are an essential component of learning. In addition, the study addresses the generation of evaluation criteria, suggesting that they be divided into logical, constitutive, prescriptive and formal criteria. Furthermore, the paper examines how these criteria may be included in academic work.
Selección, evaluación y jerarquización de profesores: la experiencia de la Universidad del Desarrollo.
Authors: Silva Ernesto
Published: August 2018

The history of the Universidad del Desarrollo has caused it to develop its own characteristic style of operation and to define its own systems for selecting, assessing and ranking its teaching staff. The ranking of teachers is based on two objective criteria which apply only to part-time academicians. The first criterion is related to the area of knowledge involved and the second one with the teacherâ€™s academic and professional experience. The paper suggests that the quality of teaching can be improved not only by ranking but also through a continuous process of academic improvement and teacher assessment.
La educación continua. Un desafío docente tridimensional.
Authors: Letelier Mario
Published: August 2018

This article offers an overview of continuing education and examines the elements included in short courses, diploma-track courses, post-degree courses, and other professional programs, including graduate and postdoctoral study programs. The analysis identifies the different roles played by continuing education, i.e. instrumental, societal and advanced training. It is based on a series of approaches used to characterize the different participants and their requirements, relating them to national needs linked to socioeconomic development and institutional capacity. The paper emphasizes the teaching and institutional challenges involved in the societal and training roles of continuing education. The conclusion is that advanced training provides a major opportunity to bring together the capacity of universities, government policies and national needs, so as to improve the integration of knowledge to national development.
Calidad del profesor y los procesos académicos: reflexiones en torno a la formación del profesorado universitario y la calidad de la enseñanza.
Authors: Bruna Teresa
Published: August 2018

This paper offers an interesting reflection on the link between the quality of higher education academicians, their training and the academic processes associated to student learning. The author presents unresolved dualities and trends that somehow lead us to think on the need to acknowledge and become more aware of the importance of learning over and above teaching. The study emphasizes the importance of developing stable levels of awareness to improve the management of the academician's own academic resources. Apparently, students are somehow better prepared than teachers think to assess teacher quality in the class-room Perhaps the key lies in achieving consistency between what we are seeking for ourselves in terms of higher education teaching quality and the quality of learning achieved by our students.
Hacia una reformulación del nexo entre investigación y docencia.
Authors: Atria Raúl
Published: August 2018

The connection between teaching and research is addressed in this paper from the point of view of diversity. The starting point is the verification of fact that highly differing types of higher education institutions are in existence, as a result of the different ways in which these institutions adapt and innovate in the light of the changes introduced by modernity. In addition, the paper explores patterns of teaching modalities which respond to changes in the profiles and demand for professionals. The process of diversification has given rise to the socalled "teaching universitiesâ€, where research activities are relegated to a secondary role in the explicit institutional missions of these establishments. The paper suggests that the same diversity rationale should be applied to research activities because, in actual fact, there is no single model of research, if we are willing to think beyond the classical research model of the experimental sciences. However, by admitting that there are different forms of research, it makes it possible to rethink the connection between teaching universities and research, an activity which is crucial to the development of higher education institutions. In short, it involves admitting that diversity has also come knocking on the door of research, as has already been the case of teaching.
Formas no convencionales de apoyo a la docencia: las tutorías.
Authors: Lillo Ricardo
Published: August 2018

In the changing setting that higher education is currently experiencing, tutoring forms part of the essential teaching aids to support emerging educational innovations or those that are already underway. Whether tutoring is used as an individual form of support for students or as part of a learning strategy, it provides a valuable opportunity to make teaching more meaningful, supplementing the elements that are considered to inspire most curricular changes. In view of teaching experiences achieved in the area of health, the specific features of tutoring fit in perfectly with the constructivist approach that provides the foundations for state of the art changes in education. It creates a more holistic educational space and encourages students to develop a series of meta-skills which are currently essential to developing the final performance behaviors needed by upcoming professionals.
La educación: responsabilidad de todos.
Authors: Krebs Ricardo
Published: August 2018

Never before in human history has education been as important as it is now. The technical and scientific civilization on which our world is currently based requires calls for extensive education. In the last 40 years, Chile has made great efforts to renew and improve its education system. This is evidenced by the major educational reform implemented during the administration of former President Eduardo Frei Montalva, the Higher Education Law enacted in 1980, the programs implemented to foster scientific research in addition to the current reform which is intended to modernize teaching methods and equip schools with state of the art media and technology. This has produced deep changes, particularly quantitative ones. Therefore, it is imperative to improve the quality of education which should be a task of top priority for the State. However, we are fully aware that we cannot expect everything from the State. Society at large is responsible for education and this means that education is a collective responsibility
Justificación de la ética y realidad personal.
Authors: Vial L. Juan de Dios
Published: August 2018

The philosophical discourse of reason and the autonomy of the will both as moral action principles seem to be dismantled by the critic of the XIX century prophets: Marx, Nietzsche and Freud. Nevertheless, the moral praxis exercised by common and daily usage of men has preserved a force that demands theoretical justification not to be left blindfolded and without direction. Two fundamental ideas of the Aristotelian ethics make this possible: the idea of election of something that should be chosen by itself and what Aristotle called the â€˜goodâ€™ (spoudaios) or â€˜prudentâ€™ (phronimos) man.
Tecnología y pedagogía.
Authors: Amengual Atallva
Published: August 2018

This paper begins by situating technology in epistemological terms. It then reflects on pedagogy as a common knowledge and as a practice, as rationalized knowledge and as a technique, and as pedagogical technology. It then refers to the new technologies in connection with pedagogical technology and finally it discusses education, the purpose of technological disciplines and their tools.
Responsabilidades públicas y privadas en el desarrollo de la educación superior.
Authors: Lemaitre María José
Published: August 2018

This paper explores the different areas of operation of higher education and the application of policy mechanisms (which include funding, regulation and information) to each from the point of view of public responsibilities. Starting from the Chilean experience during the last twenty years, it suggests areas where the involvement of the private sector should not only be welcome, but encouraged. The areas of operation taken into account are the development of science and technology (or academic leadership), professional training, technical training and the promotion of an open society and democratic values.
Aprobación y creación de títulos y grados en la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile.
Authors: Domínguez Bernardo
Published: August 2018

This paper describes the procedures used to create and adopt the academic degrees granted by the Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile.
The paper explains that the University's Higher Council is responsible for instituting academic degrees and, to do so, it has established assessment and analysis procedures. Several of the University's higher academic units are involved in this process: the Office of the Academic Vice-President, academicians from the different schools, and external specialists and national and international peers from outside the university who perform assessments.
The rigorous implementation of these procedures for over twenty years has made it possible to ensure a high degree of quality in the study programs offered. It has also made their implementation feasible.
Regulación de las profesiones:¿Estado o mercado?. El entorno normativo para el diseño y ejecución de una política pública de las profesiones en Chile.
Authors: León José Julio , Peña Carlos
Published: August 2018

This paper analyzes the suitability of strengthening the regulatory framework andÂ public policies in the setting of the relations between citizens and professionals whoÂ graduate from officially recognized higher education centers. In the labor market andÂ in exercising their profession, citizens themselves are affected by asymmetries inÂ information about the ideal skills required by individuals who hold a given degree orÂ university title. This situation has been intensified by the increasing number of higherÂ education centers, rising enrolment figures at this level of education, the variety of degrees offered and,ultimately, the statute of total autonomy granted to these organizations. A review of the Chilean legalÂ framework and a comparison with others appears to indicate that State action can be enhanced in termsof regulating the supply of professional degrees.
Ampliando la mirada. Hacia un nuevo enfoque para la regulación de la oferta de carreras.
Authors: Vásquez Alberto , Zamorano Gastón
Published: August 2018

Regulating the supply of degrees offered by Universities in the process of accreditationÂ should be no different from the one for higher education as a whole. In the selfregulationÂ process tha each institution needs to have in place as well as in theÂ regulation exercised by external agencies, new criteria and approaches need to beÂ included: a) to see to it that the overall supply of degrees offered maintain an adequate levelÂ of quality and appropriateness, not only in terms of creating new programs; b) to further developcurrent market approaches by including the views of all the stakeholders in the system, ensuringÂ minimum levels of public information on the available supply c) to supplement current criteria byÂ changing the focus of analysis from university degrees to academic projects that are part of theirrespective institutional frameworks, on the one hand and, on the other hand, by changing the perspectiveÂ of a "career marketâ€ to a society-based outlook so as to include all social actors and the major issuesÂ for the country; d) to address the new challenges faced by higher education which imply making theÂ university system a global one, bringing in information technology systems and moving toward lifelongÂ education methods.
Formación continua y a distancia: una visión a partir de la experiencia.
Authors: Oteíza Fidel , Silva Juan
Published: August 2018

Distance Education is a teaching method that, from the beginning, has been linkedÂ to individuals who need to acquire knowledge but who, for different reasons, do notÂ have access to class-room education. At present, thanks to the progress in informationÂ technology and the growing need for access to ongoing knowledge, the potential of thisÂ teaching method has been enhanced. The educational impact of distance education hasÂ yet to be seen. There are several experiences but the data available is scarce andÂ therefore it is difficult to determine, in quantitative terms, the real extent of this typeÂ of education. Conversely, it is evident that centers offering distance courses haveÂ increased all over the world in number and diversity;moreover, the quantity ofÂ students interested in this type of education is growing increasingly.
Calidad en la educación para el trabajo. Algunas reflexiones.
Authors: Castilla Antonio
Published: August 2018

In Chile, the challenge of development requires encouraging education for the labor market, and it also calls for modifying the current relationship between university and technological degrees, so as to overcome the gap opened up by technology between the developed world and the developing world. At the same time, teaching the virtues of work and instilling need for collective well-being will need to be addressed as a crucial requirement for building our common future in professional and productive terms. Total quality in education is one of the central objectives. Nevertheless, it also requires making the management of education centers as effective as possible by introducing the use of assessment tools such as the Baldridge Award and other standards, criteria and methods that are applied in the United States and Europe. This will enable us to adapt to the current times which are marked by a dynamics of change. The new scenarios created by the global economy —that have accelerated developments in knowledge to unprecedented proportions— as well as fast changes in concepts such as output, services, quality, users, labor force, company structures, information or risk, etcetera, require a coordinated effort between the business sector, the State, the education sector and social leaders, to achieve total quality in education as the sole guarantee for achieving efficiency in this new era.
Formación técnica de nivel superior. Principales ejes de política, instrumentos y líneas de acción.
Authors: Alamos Pilar
Published: August 2018

This paper refers to the main policy guidelines to be followed in higher education of a technical nature.
Nota sobre las estrategias de acogida a los nuevos estudiantes en la Universidad Alberto Hurtado.
Authors: García-Huidobro Juan Eduardo
Published: August 2018

This note describes the methods used, with relative success, by the Universidad Alberto Hurtado (UAH) to receive first-year students and decrease failure at the beginning of university life. The strategy emphasizes two criteria: 1) understanding the success of students as the university's responsibility; and 2) making personal interactions with the students an irreplaceable underpinning of the educational relationship.
The central strategy employed to receive and have new students form part of the university is the educational guidance and support work provided by the academic coordinators of the different educational programs. Other actions are also described, such as the availability of study programs consisting of two years of baccalaureates at the beginning of university life and a special strategy to reverse eliminations.
Orientación del currículo en los estudios de pregrado en la Universidad de Chile.
Authors: Gómez Sergio
Published: August 2018

El presente artículo describe los lineamientos centrales de la reforma de los Estudios de Pregrado de la Universidad de Chile, centrados en el fortalecimiento de la calidad y la equidad de la educación universitaria, con el propósito de responder a las demandas que plantea el nuevo contexto en que se inserta nuestro país. Estas demandas se expresan en el requerimiento de un profesional universitario con un nuevo perfil constituido por competencias que le permitan un desempeño futuro en un ambiente de cambio permanente, alta competitividad y exigencias de una educación continua. Se aborda la nueva estructura curricular, sus principios y marco normativo, junto con los desafíos pendientes que caracterizan a un proceso en marcha.
Evaluación de la calidad de la educación continua. Posgrados y postítulos.
Authors: Ferrando Germán
Published: August 2018

Continuous education programs offered by Chilean higher education institutions have grew vigorously in number, subjects, forms and denominations. Quality on comparative basis is somehow difficult to establish due to absence of minimum consensus on definitions and adequated processes of evaluation and certification of these programs.Development of this activity matches growing demands for proffesional improvement but it require, urgently at least agreement on minimum definitions to standardized either the format or the content of the various programs actually in progress.
Políticas para el desarrollo de un sistema nacional de cuarto nivel
Authors: Spencer Eugenio
Published: August 2018

The need to have qualified postgraduate human resources is, at present, an essential requirement in the academic and working environment. Compared to developed countries, Chile has a very low percentage of professionals with graduate degrees, particularly Ph.D.s. In the 1980s, the Comisión Nacional de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica designed a scholarship plan as a tool to support the scarce graduate programs then existing in Chile. At the time, such programs were limited to three universities and covered only some areas of the basic sciences. At present, there are 72 accredited programs in place, including doctoral and master's degree programs with around 100 students graduating each year. Given that this figure is still insufficient, the State decided to increase its support for postgraduate education through different methods thus hoping to raise to 500 -in a period of six years- the number of doctoral students who graduate each year.
Indicadores cuantitativos de los doctorados conferidos en el país. ¿Falta de atención o expresión de subdesarrollo?
Authors: Krauskopf Manuel
Published: August 2018

Chile is in a precarious situation in terms of the number of students who receive Ph.D.s each year from the country's universities. Stated in standardized figures with regard to the country's population, the number of individuals who are awarded a doctor's degree results in a figure which is twenty to thirty times less than that of advanced countries. Public and academic policies, in addition to the social understanding required to overcome the major deficit of doctors in Chile, are clearly insufficient.
Régimen jurídico del posgrado en Chile: más autonomía que regulación.
Authors: León José Julio
Published: August 2018

This is an analysis of the regulatory framework governing postgraduate studies in Chile covering the constitutional principles in force and also the nature of this type of programs. The paper holds that the legal plan has been adequately designed since it establishes the predominance of academic independence of universities over and above the regulatory powers of the state. It pays special attention to the need to further encourage the development of graduate programs in Chile and particularly the fact that this is the pinnacle of the higher education system where the need for monitoring is clearly less than at the base (elementary and secondary education) because students are more knowledgeable and have more incentives to chose and distinguish the educational service they wish to select.
Reflexiones sobre la educación superior en nuestro país.
Authors: Saieh Álvaro
Published: August 2018

This paper argues against imposing rigid quantitative or qualitative criteria to regulate the development of higher education. It holds that individuals who demand educational services appear to use more complete information than officially available data and that they are capable of recognizing the diversity of contents underlying apparently comparable study programs. Regarding contents in higher education, the article discusses a desirable direction for the evolution of Chile's higher education system from its current structure for professionalization. The article holds that coverage of government support for the higher education system needs to range from current mechanisms of direct and indirect support for universities to mechanisms of private and state guarantees and loans to students in higher education.
La demanda de profesionales universitarios en el contexto nacional: una visión desde la empresa.
Authors: Froemel Juan Enrique
Published: August 2018

The article addresses the issue of the demand for professionals with university graduate degrees in Chile viewing the question primarily from the standpoint of companies. The paper begins with a discussion on the possibility of measuring demand, its appropriateness and legitimacy. It also provides background data on the influence that some international trends have on employment, and the distinctive features of professionals. It then goes on to analyze the roles played by undergraduate and graduate studies in the training of professionals, and it reviews the types and concepts that underlie such training. The article examines the most outstanding features of Chilean professionals for the future, and ends with a brief reflection on the attitude of Chilean universities vis-Á -vis the demand for professionals.
Nuevas estrategias educativas en el área de las comunicaciones.
Authors: De Fontcuberta Mar
Published: August 2018

The first challenge for education in the 21st. century is a change of attitude. Faced with a traditional approach that views education as a communication of knowledge, a new concept emerges, that of the management of knowledge, i.e. the ability to obtain the necessary information, to be able to select it, and to organize it and apply it to a given field.
Tertiary education is also part of this process The increasing number of diploma-track courses, master's degree and doctor's degree programs in Chile and on a world-wide level is a response to new demands by society, with goals and designs which are better adapted to the times at hand. In reply to such requirements, the Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile has created two new types of master's degrees in the area of communications.
Formación de médicos especialistas: un desafío pendiente.
Authors: Pinto María Eugenia
Published: August 2018

Programs to train specialists offered by Schools of Medicine have undoubtedly made a contribution to national medicine by taking on the challenge of making available graduate physicians whose training matches current scientific advancement and the countryâ€™s needs.Study programs need to be constantly updated in order to ensure a flawless practice of a given field of expertise, ensuring the quality of training under the supervision of graduate schools.The article emphasizes the significant contribution made in recent years by the School of Medicine of the Universidad de Chile to the training of specialists in the field of medicine and these figures are supplemented by specialists trained by other Schools of Medicine.
Características de la oferta de programas MBA en Chile durante el año 2003.
Authors: Paulus Nelson
Published: August 2018

This article consists of an exploratory study on the supply of Master of Business Administration (MBA) programs currently available in Chile and it describes some of their main features. It provides an overview of the programs, the type of establishments that offer them, their geographical location, the duration of the MBAs, the cost involved and the number of hours required by each option. The paper concludes with some reflections on the availability of information on this matter.