bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reflections on the evolution of a long-term study of airline cultures: an interview with Albert J. Mills and Jean Helms Mills
Authors: Bernauer Vanessa Sandra
Published: April 2022

Purpose

The aim of this paper is to provide insights on Albert J. Mills' and Jean Helms Mills' lifelong methodological journey in the airline culture. The interview offers a retrospective and reflective insight of their research into organizational culture and the airline industry, reasons for this research, their methodological journey, challenges they faced and ways forward.

Design/methodology/approach

This article is based on an interview with Albert J. Mills and Jean Helms Mills, which was virtually conducted for a professional development workshop (PDW) at the 2020 Academy of Management Meeting.

Findings

Albert J. Mills and Jean Helms Mills provide insights and reflections on their lifelong methodological journey, focusing organizational culture, discriminatory practices, and the impact of this on what constitutes men and women's work.

Originality/value

This paper draws from Albert J. Mills' and Jean Helms Mills' lifelong experience in studying gender, intersectionality and historiography in airline cultures. Scholars will be encouraged by their insights on how to start a long-term study, potential challenges, impacts of current trends and how to deal with them.
Assessing the overall fit of composite models estimated by partial least squares path modeling
Authors: Schuberth Florian , Rademaker Manuel E. , Henseler Jörg
Published: April 2022

Purpose

This study aims to examine the role of an overall model fit assessment in the context of partial least squares path modeling (PLS-PM). In doing so, it will explain when it is important to assess the overall model fit and provides ways of assessing the fit of composite models. Moreover, it will resolve major concerns about model fit assessment that have been raised in the literature on PLS-PM.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper explains when and how to assess the fit of PLS path models. Furthermore, it discusses the concerns raised in the PLS-PM literature about the overall model fit assessment and provides concise guidelines on assessing the overall fit of composite models.

Findings

This study explains that the model fit assessment is as important for composite models as it is for common factor models. To assess the overall fit of composite models, researchers can use a statistical test and several fit indices known through structural equation modeling (SEM) with latent variables.

Research limitations/implications

Researchers who use PLS-PM to assess composite models that aim to understand the mechanism of an underlying population and draw statistical inferences should take the concept of the overall model fit seriously.

Practical implications

To facilitate the overall fit assessment of composite models, this study presents a two-step procedure adopted from the literature on SEM with latent variables.

Originality/value

This paper clarifies that the necessity to assess model fit is not a question of which estimator will be used (PLS-PM, maximum likelihood, etc). but of the purpose of statistical modeling. Whereas, the model fit assessment is paramount in explanatory modeling, it is not imperative in predictive modeling.
Area income, construction year and mobility of renters in Sweden: two hypotheses about the impact of rent control
Authors: Karpestam Peter
Published: April 2022

Purpose

This paper aims to test two hypotheses related to the supposedly negative impact of rent control on residential mobility: the mobility of renters is, first, negatively related to how attractive their residential areas are and, second, relatively high for renters living in properties built after 2005.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper estimates logit and multinomial logit regressions and models household moves. The multinomial logit regressions separate between short- and long-distance moves and between moves to rentals and to owned dwellings. This paper uses the “relative income” of the tenants’ residential areas to proxy area attractiveness. This paper estimates regressions for entire Sweden and the three largest “commuting” regions and municipalities, respectively.

Findings

The full sample provides support of both hypotheses in all regressions. Hypothesis one gets stronger support for moves to other rentals than moves to owned dwellings but about equally strong support for short- and long-distance moves. Hypothesis one obtains strongest support in Gothenburg municipality while hypothesis two obtains strongest support in the Malmö region. Also, hypothesis two obtains stronger support for short-distance moves than long-distance moves and slightly stronger support for moves to owned dwellings than those to rented dwellings.

Research limitations/implications

This paper does not estimate “how much” rent control affects mobility, and results cannot be used to design specific rent setting policies. Results may be sensitive to how different types of moves are defined.

Practical implications

Efforts to reform rent setting policies in Sweden are encouraged.

Originality/value

To the best of the author’s knowledge, this paper’s two hypotheses are not tested before in Sweden and can be tested without control groups.
Learning from safeguarding adult reviews about Transitional Safeguarding: building an evidence base
Authors: Preston-Shoot Michael , Cocker Christine , Cooper Adi
Published: April 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to set out the evidence base to date for Transitional Safeguarding to support authors of Safeguarding Adult Reviews (SARs) where Transitional Safeguarding is a key theme in the review.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper draws on key evidence from several published sources about Transitional Safeguarding in England. This evidence is presented in this paper as a framework for analysis to support SAR authors. It follows the same four domains framework used in other adult safeguarding reviews: direct work with individuals; team around the person; organisational support for team members; and governance. This framework was then applied to two SARs written by two of the article’s authors.

Findings

The framework for analysis for Transitional Safeguarding SARs was applied as part of the methodology of two separate SARs regarding three young people. Key reflections from applying the framework to both SARs are identified and discussed. These included: providing an effective framework for analysis which all participants could use and a contribution for developing knowledge. Whilst many issues arising for safeguarding young people are similar to those for other adults, there are some unique features. The ways in which the gaps between children and adults systems play out through inter-agency and multi-professional working, as well as how “lifestyle choices” of young people are understood and interpreted are key issues.

Practical implications

This paper presents an evidence base regarding Transitional Safeguarding for SAR authors who are tasked with completing a SAR where Transitional Safeguarding is a key theme.

Originality/value

This paper draws together key literature and evidence about Transitional Safeguarding practice with young people. This paper argues that this framework for analysis provides SAR authors with a useful tool to support their analysis in this complex area of practice.
Challenges and prospects in waqf reporting practices in Malaysia
Authors: Kamaruddin Muhammad Iqmal Hisham , Hanefah Mustafa Mohd , Masruki Rosnia
Published: April 2022

Purpose

This study aims to explain the justification behind the current weak waqf reporting practices in waqf institutions in Malaysia and also investigates the factors affecting the good waqf reporting practices.

Design/methodology/approach

A series of interviews with four waqf officers who are involved with waqf reporting process from four different waqf institutions in Malaysia were conducted.

Findings

The findings show a number of reasons for the current weak waqf reporting practices including the absence of standardised waqf reporting standards, no reporting or disclosure awareness by the waqf management, limited reporting channels from the state authorities to the national authorities, diversification in the governance structure and reluctance of waqf administration to disclose waqf reporting. The findings also identified several factors contributing to good waqf reporting practices. This includes leadership, good cultural setting within the institution, political will as a push factor, limited qualified personnel as well as sustainability issues and finally, the visibility of the waqf report itself.

Practical implications

The study findings and recommendations are useful for the State Islamic Religious Councils and waqf institutions in Malaysia to enhance the waqf reporting practices in Malaysia.

Originality/value

This study is among the few studies that identify the reasons and factors affecting the good waqf reporting practices in Malaysia.
How leader bottom-line mentality relates to employee innovation: a cross-layer model mediated by psychological contract breach
Authors: Liu Longjun , Fan Qing , Liu Ruhong , Long Jing
Published: April 2022

Purpose

This study aims to examine how and when leader bottom-line mentality (BLM) affects employee innovation (EI) in the context of Chinese organisations in which psychological contract breach (PCB) is a mediator and moral identity (MI) is a moderator.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors distributed the questionnaires to technology and culture firms in 2 waves and obtained a sample of 308 employees in 56 teams. The authors used the hierarchical linear model (HLM) and bootstrap method for the hypothesis testing.

Findings

The authors conclude that leader BLM negatively influences EI. Specifically, leader BLM leads mainly to low EI by increasing PCB amongst employees. Moreover, MI plays a moderating role in the above mechanism, i.e. the higher the MI degree of employees, the stronger the mediating role of PCB and the stronger the negative impact of leader BLM.

Practical implications

This study argues that BLM is necessary for firm development, but paying too much attention to BLM may achieve the opposite effect. Reducing BLM or buffering the negative impact of BLM through various measures (e.g. human resource management) is appropriate for managers.

Originality/value

The authors discover a new mechanism and boundary condition, i.e. leader BLM has a negative impact on EI through PCB and MI strengthens the effect of leader BLM.
Myopia during emergency improvisation: lessons from a catastrophic wildfire
Authors: Cunha Miguel Pina , Clegg Stewart , Rego Arménio , Giustiniano Luca , Abrantes António Cunha Meneses , Miner Anne S. , Simpson Ace Volkmann
Published: April 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to explore how a number of processes joined to create the microlevel strategies and procedures that resulted in the most lethal and tragic forest fire in Portugal's history, recalled as the EN236-1 road tragedy in the fire of Pedrógão Grande.

Design/methodology/approach

Using an inductive theory development approach, the authors consider how the urgency and scale of perceived danger coupled with failures of system-wide communication led fire teams to improvise repeatedly.

Findings

The paper shows how structure collapse led teams to use only local information prompting acts of improvisational myopia, in the particular shape of corrosive myopia, and how a form of incidental improvisation led to catastrophic results.

Practical implications

The research offers insights into the dangers of improvisation arising from corrosive myopia, identifying ways to minimize them with the development of improvisation practices that allow for the creation of new patterns of action. The implications for managing surprise through improvisation extend to risk contexts beyond wildfires.

Originality/value

The paper stands out for showing the impact of improvisational myopia, especially in its corrosive form, which stands in stark contrast to the central role of attention to the local context highlighted in previous research on improvisation. At the same time, by exploring the effects of incidental improvisation, it also departs from the agentic conception of improvisation widely discussed in the improvisation literature.
Artificial intelligence (AI) in textile industry operational modernization
Authors: Sikka Monica Puri , Sarkar Alok , Garg Samridhi
Published: April 2022

Purpose

With the help of basic physics, the application of computer algorithms in the form of recent advances such as machine learning and neural networking in textile Industry has been discussed in this review. Scientists have linked the underlying structural or chemical science of textile materials and discovered several strategies for completing some of the most time-consuming tasks with ease and precision. Since the 1980s, computer algorithms and machine learning have been used to aid the majority of the textile testing process. With the rise in demand for automation, deep learning, and neural networks, these two now handle the majority of testing and quality control operations in the form of image processing.

Design/methodology/approach

The state-of-the-art of artificial intelligence (AI) applications in the textile sector is reviewed in this paper. Based on several research problems and AI-based methods, the current literature is evaluated. The research issues are categorized into three categories based on the operation processes of the textile industry, including yarn manufacturing, fabric manufacture and coloration.

Findings

AI-assisted automation has improved not only machine efficiency but also overall industry operations. AI's fundamental concepts have been examined for real-world challenges. Several scientists conducted the majority of the case studies, and they confirmed that image analysis, backpropagation and neural networking may be specifically used as testing techniques in textile material testing. AI can be used to automate processes in various circumstances.

Originality/value

This research conducts a thorough analysis of artificial neural network applications in the textile sector.
How competitive is the Syrian banking sector? Empirical evidence from ‘pre/post’ war Syria
Authors: Mohamd Diwani Mazen
Published: April 2022

This paper investigates the degree of market power in the Syrian banking sector over the period 2005–2016 where research on competitive conditions does not exist. The degree of competitiveness is assessed based on the revenue elasticity to input prices approach and is related to a set of market indicators. To test whether the Syrian crisis has altered the competitive conditions over the years of the sample, I divide the full sample into two subsamples, namely the pre‐crisis years (2005–2012) and the crisis years (2013–2016). The results suggest that banks in Syria earn their interest and total revenue under conditions of monopoly. I find that the trend of market structure—characterized by a monopoly—in the pre‐crisis years continues over crisis years. My findings provide robust evidence that a collusive behaviour among banks is in operation in the banking sector of Syria. The difficult penetration into/exit from the market has led to the existence of a profit‐curb mechanism for the Syrian banks, hence, an upward shift in the marginal cost curve will be associated with a reduction in revenue as a result of the optimal condition for these banks which act as monopolists.
Put your weight behind it—Effect of body mass index on the active second stage of labour: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Østborg Tilde Broch , Sande Ragnar Kvie , Kessler Jørg , Tappert Christian , von Brandis Phillip , Eggebø Torbjørn Moe
Published: April 2022

Objective

To explore the duration of the active phase of the second stage of labour in relation to maternal pre‐pregnant body mass index (BMI).

Design

Retrospective cohort study.

Setting

Labour wards of three Norwegian university hospitals, 2012–2019.

Population

Nulliparous and parous women without previous caesarean section with a live singleton fetus in cephalic presentation and spontaneous onset of labour, corresponding to the Ten Group Classification System (TGCS) group 1 and 3.

Methods

Women were stratified to BMI groups according to WHO classification, and estimated median duration of the active phase of the second stage of labour was calculated using survival analyses. Caesarean sections and operative vaginal deliveries during the active phase were censored.

Main outcome measures

Estimated median duration of the active phase of second stage of labour.

Results

In all, 47 942 women were included in the survival analyses. Increasing BMI was associated with shorter estimated median duration of the active second stage in both TGCS groups. In TGCS group 1, the estimated median durations (interquartile range) were 44 (26–75), 43 (25–71), 39 (22–70), 33 (18–63), 34 (19–54) and 29 (16–56) minutes in BMI groups 1–6, respectively. In TGCS group 3, the corresponding values were 11 (6–19), 10 (6–17), 10 (6–16), 9 (5–15), 8 (5–13) and 7 (4–11) minutes. Increasing BMI remained associated with shorter estimated median duration in analyses stratified by oxytocin augmentation and epidural analgesia.

Conclusion

Increasing BMI was associated with shorter estimated median duration of the active second stage of labour.
Pseudoendoleak: A post‐endovascular aortic repair ultrasound surveillance pitfall – Single institution case series
Authors: Lisik James P , Curry Greg , Buckenham Timothy
Published: April 2022

Introduction

In the context of increasingly common endovascular treatment for abdominal aortic aneurysms, endoleak is a relatively common complication of (abdominal) EVAR, and ongoing multimodality surveillance programs are recommended by expert bodies including the Society for Vascular Surgery (SVS). We describe the colour doppler ultrasound (CDUS) finding defined as pseudoendoleak that may be misinterpreted as significant endoleak and may be resolved through the use of contrast‐enhanced ultrasound (CEUS).

Methods

Retrospective review of cases at our institution identified five cases where apparent endoleak on CDUS was not evident on CEUS, performed immediately following CDUS.

Results

Each of these five cases demonstrated interval increase in sac size at varying intervals post‐EVAR, and in 4 out of 5 cases, no endoleak was demonstrated on multiple other modalities, at multiple time points. One case demonstrated an isolated type 2 endoleak at one time point, a finding that could not be reproduced. In each case, index‐positive CDUS is thought to represent agitated fluid within the excluded sac that is not in continuity with the arterial blood pool as evidenced by the absence of CEUS enhancement.

Conclusions

In cases of positive post‐EVAR CDUS, CEUS is an effective tool to exclude the presence of pseudoendoleak and thus avoid further and potentially invasive diagnostic modalities in an elderly and comorbid cohort.
Pupil response to painful stimuli during inhalation anaesthesia without opioids in children
Authors: Ji Sang‐Hwan , Cho Sung‐Ae , Jang Young‐Eun , Kim Eun‐Hee , Lee Ji‐Hyun , Kim Jin‐Tae , Kim Hee‐Soo
Published: April 2022

Background

Pupil dilation reflex measured by a pupillometer is known to be a useful parameter for assessing the response to perioperative noxious stimuli. In children, pupillometer can reflect changes after painful stimuli during anaesthesia or guide anaesthesia to reduce opioid consumption. However, to date, there are no data regarding pupil response during inhalation anaesthesia with analgesia by intravenous acetaminophen in children.

Methods

We planned a prospective, single‐armed study of children aged between 3 and 12 years who underwent surgery under general anaesthesia. Anaesthesia was maintained by 1 minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of sevoflurane, and 15 mg/kg of acetaminophen was administered. Patients’ left eye was examined using a pupillometer after induction, before and after skin incision and train‐of‐four stimulus. Pupil diameter and other pupillometric parameters were recorded. Increase in heart rate by 15% was regarded as insufficient analgesia to skin incision and indicative powers of pupillometric parameters for insufficient analgesia were examined by receiver‐operating characteristics.

Results

A total of 33 patients were included. Enlarged pupil, large increase in pupil diameter and low neurological pupil index (NPi) after skin incision were good indicators of insufficient analgesia for skin incision. Children with insufficient analgesia showed abnormal NPi value. However, increase in pupil diameter and decrease in NPi were observed even in patients without increase in the heart rate after the skin incision.

Conclusions

We suggest dilation of the pupil and decrease in NPi can indicate response to noxious stimuli in children. Regardless of sufficiency of analgesia, pupil dilation and decrease in NPi were observed after skin incision in children under general anaesthesia with 1 MAC of sevoflurane and intravenous acetaminophen.
Assessing driving‐relevant attentional impairment after a multiday drinking session: A two‐phase pilot study
Authors: Norman Thomas , Monds Lauren A. , Dilevski Natali , Riordan Benjamin , Peacock Amy , Ferguson Stuart G , Kuntsche Emmanuel , Bruno Raimondo
Published: April 2022

Background

The possibility of residual impairment of cognitive performance after multiday drinking sessions is particularly important given the potential for the deleterious effects of fatigue and hangover. This pilot study aimed to devise a methodology to compare sober performance on driving‐relevant attentional tasks at the end of a 4‐day music festival with performance at varying levels of the breath–alcohol curve.

Methods

Fifty‐two participants completed selective and sustained attention tasks at a breath alcohol concentration (BrAC) of 0.00%, 0.05%, and 0.08% following acute dosing in a controlled laboratory setting. A subset of participants (n = 13) were then tested at the conclusion of a 4‐day music festival at 0.00% BrAC, with task performance compared with laboratory results.

Results

During the laboratory phase, sustained attention was poorer at the 0.05% ascending timepoint only (compared to 0.00% BrAC). During the festival phase, participants made a greater number of errors on the selective attention task predeparture than at 0.00% and 0.05% BrAC in the laboratory. Sustained attention performance was poorer while intoxicated in the laboratory.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that the absence of blood alcohol acutely may not be indicative of unimpaired cognitive performance and that other factors related to multiday drinking may produce driving‐related attentional deficits. The findings reinforce the need to measure attentional performance in real‐world drinking contexts despite the methodological complexities of doing so. A larger study is warranted to replicate the findings and should include attentional measures that either are more sensitive to the effects of acute alcohol intoxication than those in our study or are based on a driving simulator.
Effect of vaping on past‐year smoking cessation success of Australians in 2019—evidence from a national survey
Authors: Chambers Mark S.
Published: April 2022

Background and aims

Previous analyses of the effect of e‐cigarettes on real world smoking cessation success have mainly been based on surveys undertaken in the United States and United Kingdom, where nicotine e‐cigarettes can be readily obtained. In Australia, regulations have made obtaining e‐cigarettes containing nicotine difficult. The effectiveness of e‐cigarette use as a smoking cessation aid in Australia might therefore be lower than survey‐based estimates published to date. This study aimed to estimate the effect of using e‐cigarettes for a smoking cessation attempt on past‐year smoking cessation success in Australia.

Design

Multivariable logistic regression models for past‐year smoking cessation success.

Setting and participants

Respondents to the 2019 wave of Australia's National Drug Strategy Household Survey who made a smoking cessation attempt in the 12 months leading up to the survey.

Measurements

Past‐year smoking cessation success was assumed if a smoking cessation attempt resulted in abstinence of more than a month at the time of the survey.

Findings

In 2019, Australians who attempted to quit smoking using e‐cigarettes achieved greater success than smokers attempting to quit without e‐cigarettes [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.68; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.09–2.60]. If people who only tried e‐cigarettes once or twice are considered not to have used e‐cigarettes, the estimated effect was slightly stronger (aOR = 1.98; 95% CI = 1.27–3.10). Also, the estimated odds ratio was higher among vapers who acquired their e‐cigarettes from overseas websites (aOR = 2.24; 95% CI = 1.02–4.93).

Conclusions

Use of e‐cigarettes for a smoking cessation attempt appears to be associated with greater success among Australians who attempted to quit tobacco in 2019 compared with Australians attempting to quit without e‐cigarettes, after adjusting for confounding effects.
A Fabian paradise or a one‐man show? How the interwar Queensland economy seduced two prominent English economists
Authors: Millmow Alex
Published: April 2022

This article tells how the two British economists Hugh Dalton and Colin Clark, came to regard Queensland in the 1930s as an enviable model of economic development. Both men were Fabian socialists and impressed by Queensland's authoritarian premier and by its array of economic controls. Clark even surrendered a promising career at Cambridge to become an economic advisor there. In turn, Queensland, and a personal spiritual crisis, would propel Clark to discard Fabianism for Distributivism. In the final analysis Queensland's agrarian socialism was not drawn upon Fabian lines but rather impelled by a mix of rural development and electoral pragmatism.
Single low‐dose exposure to cow’s milk at diagnosis accelerates cow’s milk allergic infants’ progress on a milk ladder programme
Authors: d’Art Yvonne M. , Forristal Lisa , Byrne Aideen M. , Fitzsimons John , van Ree Ronald , DunnGalvin Audrey , Hourihane Jonathan O'Brien
Published: April 2022

Background

Cow's milk protein allergy (CMPA) is one of the most common food allergies in infancy. Most infants with CMPA tolerate baked milk from diagnosis and gradually acquire increased tolerance. Nevertheless, parents often display significant anxiety about this condition and a corresponding reluctance to progress with home introduction of dairy due to concerns about possible allergic reactions.

Objective

To evaluate the impact on gradual home introduction of foods containing cows’ milk after a supervised, single low‐dose exposure to whole milk at time of diagnosis.

Methods

Infants less than 12 months old referred with suspected IgE‐mediated cow's milk allergy were recruited to an open‐label randomized, controlled trial of intervention—a single dose of fresh cow's milk, using the validated dose of milk that would elicit reactions in 5% of CMPA subjects—the ED05 – vs routine care. Both groups implemented graded exposure to CM (using the 12 step MAP Milk Tolerance Induction Ladder), at home. Parents completed food allergy quality of life questionnaires and State and Trait Anxiety Inventories (STAI). Main outcome measures were milk ladder position at 6 months and 12 months post‐randomization.

Results

Sixty patients were recruited, 57 (95%) were followed to 6 months. By 6 months, 27/37 (73%) intervention subjects had reached step 6 or above on the milk ladder compared to 10/20 (50%) control subjects (p = .048). By 6 months, 11/37 (30%) intervention subjects had reached step 12 (i.e. drinking unheated cow's milk) compared to 2/20 (10%) of the controls (p = .049). Twelve months post‐randomization, 31/36(86%) of the intervention group and 15/19(79%) of the control group were on step 6 or above. However, 24/37 (65%) of the intervention group were at step 12 compared to 7/20 (35%) of the control group (p = .03). Maternal STAIs were significantly associated with their infants’ progress on the milk ladder and with changes in skin prick test and spIgE levels at 6 and 12 months.

Conclusion

This study demonstrates the safety and effectiveness of introduction of baked milk implemented immediately after diagnosis of cows’ milk allergy in a very young cohort. A supervised single dose of milk at the ED05 significantly accelerates this further, probably by giving parents the confidence to proceed. Maternal anxiety generally reflects infants’ progress towards completion of the milk ladder, but pre‐existing high levels of maternal anxiety are associated with poorer progress.
Medium‐term outcomes from mitral valve surgery for rheumatic heart disease in young adults in Aotearoa New Zealand: a cohort study
Authors: Singh Navneet , Haydock David A. , Goh Siew S. C.
Published: April 2022

Background

Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) remains an important cause of morbidity and mortality in New Zealand. Factors associated with the choice of surgical treatment for advanced RHD in young adults are poorly understood. We sought to review our local experience with the surgical management of young adults with rheumatic mitral valvular disease.

Methods

From 2003 to 2016, all patients aged 15–24 years undergoing mitral valve surgery for rheumatic disease at Auckland City Hospital, New Zealand were retrospectively reviewed.

Results

During the 13‐year study period, 73 young adults underwent mitral surgery; 85% were Maori or Pacific Islanders. Mitral repair was performed in 32 patients and replacement in 41 patients. Isolated mitral valve surgery was performed in 36%, double valve procedures in 47%, and triple valve procedures in 17% of patients. The 30‐day mortality rate and stroke rate were 1.4% and 2.7% respectively. The medium‐term mortality rate was 11.9% across a mean follow‐up of 6 years (6.9% in the repair group, 15.8% in the replacement group, p = 0.25). There were increased bleeding complications (p = 0.04) in patients with mechanical mitral valve replacement. For patients on warfarin, across medium‐term follow‐up, the INR was in the therapeutic range only 23% of the time.

Conclusion

Most young adults in New Zealand with severe RHD requiring surgery are of indigenous Maori or Pacific Island ethnicity. There is a trend towards improved survival with mitral repair. There is a significant tendency towards increased bleeding complications in patients on warfarin for mechanical mitral replacement. Warfarin compliance is poor.
Enhanced proliferation and differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells in the gravity‐controlled environment
Authors: Nakaji‐Hirabayashi Tadashi , Matsumura Kazuaki , Ishihara Reiichi , Ishiguro Tatsuya , Nasu Hiromitsu , Kanno Masatsugu , Ichida Shunji , Hatashima Toshikatsu
Published: April 2022

Background

Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) present a promising cell source with the potential to be used for curing various intractable diseases, and it is expected that the development of regenerative medicine employing cell‐based therapy would be significantly accelerated when such methods are established. For that, powerful methods for selective growth and differentiation of hMSCs should be developed.

Methods

We developed an efficient method for hMSC proliferation and differentiation into osteoblasts and adipocytes using gravity‐controlled environments.

Results

The results indicate that the average doubling time of hMSCs cultured in a regular maintenance medium under microgravity conditions (0.001 G) was 1.5 times shorter than that of cells cultured under natural gravity conditions (1.0 G). Furthermore, 99.2% of cells grown in the microgravity environment showed the expression of hMSC markers, as indicated by flow cytometry analysis. Osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of hMSCs expanded in the microgravity environment was enhanced under microgravity and hypergravity conditions, respectively, as evidenced by the downregulation of hMSC markers and upregulation of osteoblast and adipocyte markers, respectively. Most cells differentiated into osteoblasts in the microgravity environment after 14 days (~80%) and adipocytes in the hypergravity environment after 12 days (~90%).

Conclusions

Our results indicate that hMSC proliferation and selective differentiation into specific cell lineages could be promoted under microgravity or hypergravity conditions, suggesting that cell culture in the gravity‐controlled environment is a useful method to obtain cell preparations for potential clinical applications.
Cold atmospheric plasma modification and electrical conductivity induction in gelatin/polyvinylidene fluoride nanofibers for neural tissue engineering
Authors: Sahrayi Hamidreza , Hosseini Elham , Ramazani Saadatabadi Ahmad , Atyabi Seyed Mohammad , Bakhshandeh Haleh , Mohamadali Marjan , Aidun Amir , Farasati Far Bahareh
Published: April 2022

Background

This research follows some investigations through neural tissue engineering, including fabrication, surface treatment, and evaluation of novel self‐stimuli conductive biocompatible and degradable nanocomposite scaffolds.

Methods

Gelatin as a biobased material and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) as a mechanical, electrical, and piezoelectric improvement agent were co‐electrospun. In addition, polyaniline/graphene (PAG) nanoparticles were synthesized and added to gelatin solutions in different percentages to induce electrical conductivity. After obtaining optimum PAG percentage, cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) treatment was applied over the best samples by different plasma variable parameters. Finally, the biocompatibility of the scaffolds was analyzed and approved by in vitro tests using two different PC12 and C6 cell lines. In the present study the morphology, FTIR, dynamic light scattering, mechanical properties, wettability, contact angle tests, differential scanning calorimetric, rate of degradation, conductivity, biocompatibility, gene expression, DAPI staining, and cell proliferation were investigated.

Results

The PAG percentage optimization results revealed fiber diameter reduction, conductivity enhancement, young's modulus improvement, hydrophilicity devaluation, water uptake decrement, and degradability reduction in electrospun nanofibers by increasing the PAG concentration. Furthermore, ATR‐FTIR, FE‐SEM, AFM, and contact angle tests revealed that helium CAP treatment improves scaffold characterizations for 90 s in duration time. Furthermore, the results of the MTT assay, FE‐SEM, DAPI staining, and RT‐PCR revealed that samples containing 2.5% w/w of PAG are the most biocompatible, and CAP treatment increases cell proliferation and improves neural gene expression in the differentiation medium.

Conclusions

According to the results, the samples with the 2.5% w/w of PAG could provide a suitable matrix for neural tissue engineering in terms of physicochemical and biological.
A century of Morita therapy: What has and has not changed
Authors: Nakamura Mitsuhiro , Niimura Hidehito , Kitanishi Kenji
Published: April 2022

We review the history of Morita therapy (MT), which has existed for over 100 years, and examine what has changed over that period and what has not. Classic MT, which was dependent on a highly strict therapeutic approach, gradually lost its pre‐eminence, but at the same time, the fundamental theory of MT was refined. This theory came to be applied to current outpatient MT and adapted to inpatient MT. As MT was refined, a standard training system for therapists was established, adaptations to modern conditions were made and expanded, and comparisons to and dialogs with other psychotherapeutic concepts such as mindfulness became possible. To better evaluate MT, further work should be conducted on its effectiveness of from a clinical epidemiological perspective.
Hybrid optimization algorithm based feature selection for mammogram images and detecting the breast mass using multilayer perceptron classifier
Authors: Rajendran Reenadevi , Balasubramaniam Sathiyabhama , Ravi Vinayakumar , Sennan Sankar
Published: April 2022

Breast cancer is the second most frequent malignant tumor in the world. Early findings of breast cancer can significantly improve treatment effectiveness. Manual methods of breast cancer diagnosis are prone to human fault and inaccuracy, and they take time. A computer‐aided diagnosis can assist radiologists in making better choices by overcoming the disadvantages of manual methods. One of the significant steps in the breast cancer diagnosis process is feature selection. In recent decades, many studies have proposed numerous hybrid optimization methods to select the optimal features in the breast cancer detection system. However, many hybrid optimization algorithms are trapped in local optima and have slow convergence speed. Thus, it reduces the classification accuracy. For resolving these issues, this work proposes a hybrid optimization algorithm that combines the grasshopper optimization algorithm and the crow search algorithm for feature selection and classification of the breast mass with multilayer perceptron. The simulation is experimented with using MATLAB 2019a. The efficacy of the proposed hybrid grasshopper optimization‐crow search algorithm with multilayer perceptron system is compared to multilayer perceptron based algorithms of enhanced and adaptive genetic algorithm, teaching learning‐based whale optimization algorithm, butterfly optimization algorithm, whale optimization algorithm, and grasshopper optimization algorithm. From the results obtained, the proposed grasshopper optimization‐crow search algorithm with the multilayer perceptron method outperforms the comparative models in terms of classification accuracy (97.1%), sensitivity (98%), and specificity (95.4%) for the mammographic image analysis society dataset.
Histopathologic features of necrobiosis lipoidica
Authors: Johnson Emma , Patel Meera H. , Brumfiel Caitlin M. , Severson Kevin J. , Bhullar Puneet , Boudreaux Blake , Butterfield Richard J. , DiCaudo David J. , Nelson Steven A. , Pittelkow Mark R. , Mangold Aaron R.
Published: April 2022

Background

Necrobiosis lipoidica (NL) is an uncommon granulomatous dermatosis that can occur in patients with or without associated diabetes mellitus (DM). Prior studies have attempted to determine distinctive histopathologic features of NL in patients with and without DM.

Methods

A retrospective review of 97 patients with NL was performed to determine the similar and distinctive histopathologic features in patients with DM and without DM.

Results

Of the 97 patients, 32% (n = 31) had DM. Epidermal acanthosis was seen more commonly in diabetics than nondiabetics (32.3% vs. 12.1%; p = 0.017). Naked (sarcoidal/tuberculoid) granulomas were more frequently observed in nondiabetics than diabetics (22.7% vs. 3.2%; p = 0.016). Eosinophils were more common in nondiabetics than diabetics (38.5% vs. 9.7%; p = 0.004), while neutrophilic infiltration was more common in diabetics than nondiabetics (45.2% vs. 17.5%; p = 0.004).

Conclusions

This study corroborates well‐documented histopathologic features of NL and shows distinctive histopathologic features of NL among patients with DM‐I, DM‐II, and without DM. These results support the hypothesis that there are different underlying drivers of NL between diabetics and nondiabetics.
Three‐Dimensional printed model for preclinical training in oral radiology
Authors: Giacomini Giuliano O. , Dotto Gustavo N. , Mello Wislem M. , Dutra Vinícius , Liedke Gabriela S.
Published: April 2022

Introduction

3D printing is experiencing significant growth in the teaching and learning process. This study aims to present a 3D printed skull model for preclinical intraoral radiographic practice.

Materials and Methods

Two 3D printed mannequins were created. One mannequin used an STL file of a skull that was edited using two 3D modelling software (Meshmixer and Netfabb). The second mannequin was designed directly from a patient's segmented CBCT data and then converted into an STL file. Both mannequins were printed using fused deposition modelling (FDM) technology and polylactic acid (PLA) filament; teeth for the second mannequin were also printed using digital light processing (DLP). The printed skull bones were attached, the mandible was articulated to the articular fossa of the temporal bone, and the teeth were inserted into the alveoli. Intraoral radiographs of both mannequins were taken using a digital sensor (RVG 5100, Carestream).

Results

Both 3D printed mannequins showed satisfactory radiographic appearance, allowing geometric representation of each intraoral radiographic projection, regardless of STL file origin. Anatomical structures, such as the periodontal ligament space, zygomatic process of the maxilla and intermaxillary suture, were represented. The material cost of the first and second printed prototype was $34.00 and $39.00, respectively.

Conclusions

The use of 3D printed models is presented as an alternative to artificial commercial phantoms for the preclinical training of intraoral radiographic techniques through the combined benefits of superior radiographic projection quality, the possibility of model manipulation and an affordable price.
Acute onset movement disorders in diabetes mellitus: A clinical series of 59 patients
Authors: Dubey Souvik , Chatterjee Subhankar , Ghosh Ritwik , Louis Elan D. , Hazra Avijit , Sengupta Samya , Das Shambaditya , Banerjee Abhirup , Pandit Alak , Ray Biman Kanti , Benito‐León Julián
Published: April 2022

Background and purpose

No previous study has assessed the frequency and clinical–radiological characteristics of patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) and acute onset nonchoreic and nonballistic movements. We conducted a prospective study to investigate the spectrum of acute onset movement disorders in DM.

Methods

We recruited all the patients with acute onset movement disorders and hyperglycemia who attended the wards of three hospitals in West Bengal, India from August 2014 to July 2021.

Results

Among the 59 patients (mean age = 55.4 ± 14.3 years, 52.5% men) who were included, 41 (69.5%) had choreic or ballistic movements, and 18 (30.5%) had nonchoreic and nonballistic movements. Ballism was the most common movement disorder (n = 18, 30.5%), followed by pure chorea (n = 15, 25.4%), choreoathetosis (n = 8, 13.6%), tremor (n = 5, 8.5%), hemifacial spasm (n = 3, 5.1%), parkinsonism (n = 3, 5.1%), myoclonus (n = 3, 5.1%), dystonia (n = 2, 3.4%), and restless leg syndrome (n = 2, 3.4%). The mean duration of DM was 9.8 ± 11.4 years (89.8% of the patients had type 2 DM). Nonketotic hyperglycemia was frequently (76.3%) detected. The majority (55.9%) had no magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) changes; the remaining showed striatal hyperintensity. Eight patients with MRI changes exhibited discordance with sidedness of movements. Most of the patients (76.3%) recovered completely.

Conclusions

This is the largest clinical series depicting the clinical–radiological spectrum of acute onset movement disorders in DM. Of note was that almost one third of patients had nonchoreic and nonballistic movements. Our findings highlight the importance of a capillary blood glucose measurement in patients with acute or subacute onset movement disorders, irrespective of their past glycemic status.
Conserved molecular pathways underlying biting in two divergent mosquito genera
Authors: Siperstein Alden , Marzec Sarah , Fritz Megan L. , Holzapfel Christina M. , Bradshaw William E. , Armbruster Peter A. , Meuti Megan E.
Published: April 2022

Mosquitoes transmit a wide variety of devastating pathogens when they bite vertebrate hosts and feed on their blood. However, three entire mosquito genera and many individual species in other genera have evolved a nonbiting life history in which blood is not required to produce eggs. Our long‐term goal is to develop novel interventions that reduce or eliminate the biting behavior in vector mosquitoes. A previous study used biting and nonbiting populations of a nonvector mosquito, Wyeomyia smithii, as a model to uncover the transcriptional basis of the evolutionary transition from a biting to a nonbiting life history. Herein, we ask whether the molecular pathways that were differentially expressed due to differences in biting behavior in W. smithii are also differentially expressed between subspecies of Culex pipiens that are obligate biting (Culex pipiens pipiens) and facultatively nonbiting (Culex pipiens molestus). Results from RNAseq of adult heads show dramatic upregulation of transcripts in the ribosomal protein pathway in biting C. pipiens, recapitulating the results in W. smithii, and implicating the ancient and highly conserved ribosome as the intersection to understanding the evolutionary and physiological basis of blood feeding in mosquitoes. Biting Culex also strongly upregulate energy production pathways, including oxidative phosphorylation and the citric acid (TCA) cycle relative to nonbiters, a distinction that was not observed in W. smithii. Amino acid metabolism pathways were enriched for differentially expressed genes in biting versus nonbiting Culex. Relative to biters, nonbiting Culex upregulated sugar metabolism and transcripts contributing to reproductive allocation (vitellogenin and cathepsins). These results provide a foundation for developing strategies to determine the natural evolutionary transition between a biting and nonbiting life history in vector mosquitoes.
A synthesis of nitric oxide emissions across global fertilized croplands from crop‐specific emission factors
Authors: Wang Yan , Yao Zhisheng , Zheng Xunhua , Subramaniam Logapragasan , Butterbach‐Bahl Klaus
Published: April 2022

Nitrogen (N) fertilizer application to agricultural soils results in substantial emissions of nitric oxide (NO), a key substance in tropospheric chemistry involved in climate forcing and air pollution. However, the estimates of global cropland NO emissions remain uncertain due to a lack of information on direct NO emission factors (EFds) of applied N for various cropping systems at seasonal or annual scales. Here we quantified the crop‐specific seasonal and annual‐scale NO EFds through synthesizing 1094 measurements from 125 field‐based studies worldwide. The global mean crop‐specific seasonal EFd was 0.53%, with the highest for vegetables (0.75%). Among cereal crops, the EFd of maize (0.45%) or wheat (0.47%) was about three times higher than for rice (0.12%). At annual scale, the mean EFd across all cropping systems was 0.58%, with tea plantations having the highest (1.54%). For other cropping systems, the annual‐scale EFds ranged from 0.02% to 1.07%. Besides crop type, also soil organic carbon, total N, and pH as well as N fertilizer type were the main factors explaining the variations of NO EFds. Based on obtained specific EFds for each crop type, we estimated that NO emissions due to the use of synthetic fertilizers from global croplands are about 0.42–0.62 Tg N year−1. Our budgets are relatively lower if compared to estimates derived by the use of IPCC defaults for NO emissions (0.72–1.66 Tg N year−1) or reported elsewhere (0.67–1.04 Tg N year−1). In our estimates, cash crops (vegetable, tea and orchard), which cover only 9% of the world cropland area, contributed about 31% to total NO emissions from global fertilized croplands. Overall, our meta‐analysis provides improved crop‐specific NO EFds reflecting current stage of knowledge. The work also highlights the relative importance of cash crop production as sources for atmospheric NO, that is, agricultural systems on which mitigation efforts may focus.