bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Interpretive framework for analyzing lean implementation using ISM and IRP modeling
Authors: Chaple Anup Prabhakarrao , Narkhede Balkrishna Eknath , Akarte Milind M. , Raut Rakesh
Published: October 2018

Purpose

Firms have been adopting lean manufacturing to improve their business performances. However, they are facing failures or less success in implementation, mainly due to lack of understanding in relating the lean practices (LPs) from the required performance measures perspective. In view of the lack of research and the importance of understanding them, the purpose of this paper is to prioritize LPs.

Design/methodology/approach

As LPs are scattered in the literature and a variety of performance measures are used, an extensive literature review is first carried out to identify the LPs and performance measures. The blend of interpretive structural modeling and interpretive ranking process interpretive tools is adopted in establishing the contextual relationship among LPs and then ranking them based on the performance measures. A three-dimensional priority matrix is proposed for better explanation of the results.

Findings

The proposed framework can help firms better understand LPs and their levels of importance in lean implementation.

Research limitations/implications

The involvement of lean experts may produce some bias in evaluating the LPs.

Practical implications

The proposed framework can help practitioners to develop an industry-specific road-map for the result-oriented LP implementation. Based on the area of performance to be improved, practitioners can prioritize LPs for implementation.

Originality/value

This is the first study that provides a comprehensive review of LPs available in the literature and prioritizes them in accordance with performance with interpretive tools.
Pro-environmental behaviours at workplace
Authors: Ture Rameshwar Shivadas , Ganesh M.P.
Published: October 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to understand the influence of individual and organisational factors on pro-environmental behaviours of the employees at the workplace.

Design/methodology/approach

A model explaining pro-environmental behaviours at workplace has been proposed based on contemporary literature related to value-belief-norm (VBN) theory, corporate environmentalism framework and norm. A cross-sectional survey was carried out in 20 manufacturing organisations in India and 383 useful individual responses were collected. The proposed model has been tested with the help of structural regression analysis.

Findings

The results of the study show that both individual characteristics as well as organisational efforts influence employees’ pro-environmental behaviours. However, the effect varies as per the type of behaviour. Personal norm mediates the relationship between subjective social norm and two types of pro-environmental behaviours.

Research limitations/implications

An individual faces subjective or objective constraints while exhibiting pro-environmental behaviours. The effect of subjective or the objective constraint needs to be explored in future studies.

Originality/value

To explain pro-environmental behaviours at workplace the authors tested VBN theory, as it was overlooked till date in management literature. It also contributes to the VBN literature by extending it to include organisational variables like corporate environmentalism and social psychological variable like social norm.
Modeling green supply chain coordination: current research and future prospects
Authors: Chauhan Chetna , Singh Amol
Published: October 2018

Purpose

With rising environmental concerns, recent years have witnessed a significant surge of academic and corporate interest in green supply chain coordination (GSCC). This is evident from the rise in channel coordination literature focused toward the elimination of sub-optimal in the green supply chain (GSC). This paper seeks to summarize the model-based research on coordination in GSCs with the help of a framework developed specifically for this paper. The purpose of this paper is to present an in-depth analysis of the widely used models in the area.

Design/methodology/approach

A review of literature is presented in this paper to examine the underlying concepts peculiar to GSCC. A classification framework is developed to present an exhaustive survey of commonly used concepts.

Findings

Around 90 percent of the papers on GSCC come from game theory (GT) application, which explicitly utilizes coordination through contracts. The review concludes prospective area of research in GSCC. The study posits that there exists a potential of creating a more rational and efficient coordination strategies to improve GSC’s operational performance, with the view of the optimum distribution of resources and better environmental management.

Originality/value

To the best of authors’ knowledge, this is the first state-of-the-art review of GSCC literature focused primarily on mathematical model-based literature. This review identifies various methodological and content-oriented characteristics of GSCC. The paper also opens avenues of future research.
Rotor radial disturbance control for a bearingless induction motor based on improved active disturbance rejection control
Authors: Yang Zebin , Chen Xi , Sun Xiaodong , Bao Chunfeng , Lu Jiang
Published: October 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to handle the problem of the radial disturbance caused by rotor mass unbalance and load change in a bearingless induction motor (BIM).

Design/methodology/approach

The active disturbance rejection controller (ADRC) is used to replace the traditional PI controller, and a cubic interpolation method is used to fit the nonlinear function of ADRC, so as to improve the control performance. Meanwhile, a disturbance observer is applied to the suspension system, and the observed disturbance acceleration is compensated to the suspension system in the form of current; thus, the suppression of the rotor radial disturbance is realized.

Findings

The proposed method can effectively suppress the radial disturbance of the rotor, meliorate the suspension performance of the motor and enhance the anti-interference ability of the system. Besides, it has excellent dynamic and static performance.

Originality/value

A radial disturbance control strategy of the BIM based on improved ADRC is proposed is to suppress the radial disturbance of the rotor. The improved ADRC is to enhance the control performance of the system, and the disturbance observer is designed to observe and compensate the disturbance.
Exploring the dynamics of food routines: a practice-based study to understand households’ daily life
Authors: Dyen Margot , Sirieix Lucie , Costa Sandrine , Depezay Laurence , Castagna Eloïse
Published: October 2018

Purpose

This paper aims to explore consumers’ experienced life and studies how practices interconnect and are organized on a daily basis. The objective is to contribute to a better understanding of how (or whether) it is possible to interfere with daily practices, as public policies pretend to do, to address several societal challenges (food waste, healthy eating, greenhouse gas reduction, social equity, etc.).

Design/methodology/approach

Using the concepts of routine, ritual and practice to understand the dynamics of daily life from a practice theories perspective, this study is based on a qualitative methodology combining a projective method of collage coupled with semi-structured interviews with 23 participants and, participant observation of shopping, cooking and mealtimes at home with 11 of the 23 participants.

Findings

Results show that the degree of systematization of practices defines different types of routine according to various systematization factors (time, commitment, social relations, material), suggesting a distinction between systematized, hybrid and partially systematized routines. Beyond the question of the degree of systematization of practices composing routines, results show that some practices are embedded in daily routines due to their ritualization.

Research limitations/implications

This work takes part of the debates on how to study households’ daily life, and challenges the understanding of daily life activity more globally than just by the prism of isolated actions. For that, this study uses the concepts of routines and rituals. They are relevant to describe and to capture the tangle of practices composing food activities. The study shows that the material dimensions, the pressure of time, the commitments and the social relations condition the global arrangement of the food practices in a variable way.

Practical implications

Such results offer new perspectives for intervening on households’ daily consumption by understanding the global dynamics of food routines.

Originality/value

This work contributes to a better understanding of consumers’ food practices and routines and to a practice-change perspective considering constrained and routinely constructed lives.
Constructing an ontology based on a thesaurus
Authors: Nowroozi Maryam , Mirzabeigi Mahdieh , Sotudeh Hajar
Published: October 2018

Purpose

Considering the shortcomings of the ASIS&T Web-based thesaurus in representing concepts and semantic relations, there is a need to use more effective semantic tools, such as ontologies. The purpose of this paper is to build a prototype ontology (ASIS&TOnto) based on a Web-based thesaurus.

Design/methodology/approach

The prototype ontology was built based on the ASIS&T Web-based thesaurus by using the methodology developed by Noy and McGuinness (2001) and with the use of Protégé 4.3.3. With regard to the purpose of the study and the massive amount of concepts represented in the ASIS&T thesaurus, the focus of term selection for creating the core source of vocabulary for the prototype ontology was the “searching” area. The knowledge engineering approach (Na and Neoh, 2008) was used to extract concepts and semantic relations. The criterion for extracting semantic relations from each concept pair was one-sentence statement, one-paragraph statement and one-page statement. Finally, the extracted relations were analysed by subject experts.

Findings

Based on the findings of this research, the possibility of using the methodology developed by Noy and McGuinness (2001) for building an ontology based on a Web-based thesaurus in the field of LIS was investigated and the prototype ontology (ASIS&TOnto) was constructed in the area of “searching”.

Practical implications

The primary implication of ASIS&TOnto is aligned with Web 3.0 research where implications of semantic modelling are a priority for community equity of access to information as a basic human right. ASIS&TOnto ends up with an ontology that is comprehensive, at least with respect to expressivity of the current ASIS&T thesaurus user interface definition languages; that is, it can be universal and can be extendable to future user interfaces that do not exist at the moment.

Originality/value

For the first time, a new enriched semantic tool (ASIS&TOnto) was constructed based on the ASIS&T Web-based thesaurus.
Analysing user sentiment of Indian movie reviews
Authors: Trivedi Shrawan Kumar , Dey Shubhamoy
Published: October 2018

Purpose

To be sustainable and competitive in the current business environment, it is useful to understand users’ sentiment towards products and services. This critical task can be achieved via natural language processing and machine learning classifiers. This paper aims to propose a novel probabilistic committee selection classifier (PCC) to analyse and classify the sentiment polarities of movie reviews.

Design/methodology/approach

An Indian movie review corpus is assembled for this study. Another publicly available movie review polarity corpus is also involved with regard to validating the results. The greedy stepwise search method is used to extract the features/words of the reviews. The performance of the proposed classifier is measured using different metrics, such as F-measure, false positive rate, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and training time. Further, the proposed classifier is compared with other popular machine-learning classifiers, such as Bayesian, Naïve Bayes, Decision Tree (J48), Support Vector Machine and Random Forest.

Findings

The results of this study show that the proposed classifier is good at predicting the positive or negative polarity of movie reviews. Its performance accuracy and the value of the ROC curve of the PCC is found to be the most suitable of all other classifiers tested in this study. This classifier is also found to be efficient at identifying positive sentiments of reviews, where it gives low false positive rates for both the Indian Movie Review and Review Polarity corpora used in this study. The training time of the proposed classifier is found to be slightly higher than that of Bayesian, Naïve Bayes and J48.

Research limitations/implications

Only movie review sentiments written in English are considered. In addition, the proposed committee selection classifier is prepared only using the committee of probabilistic classifiers; however, other classifier committees can also be built, tested and compared with the present experiment scenario.

Practical implications

In this paper, a novel probabilistic approach is proposed and used for classifying movie reviews, and is found to be highly effective in comparison with other state-of-the-art classifiers. This classifier may be tested for different applications and may provide new insights for developers and researchers.

Social implications

The proposed PCC may be used to classify different product reviews, and hence may be beneficial to organizations to justify users’ reviews about specific products or services. By using authentic positive and negative sentiments of users, the credibility of the specific product, service or event may be enhanced. PCC may also be applied to other applications, such as spam detection, blog mining, news mining and various other data-mining applications.

Originality/value

The constructed PCC is novel and was tested on Indian movie review data.
Wheat production and breeding in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Tadesse Wuletaw , Bishaw Zewdie , Assefa Solomon
Published: October 2018

Purpose

This paper aims to review the current status of wheat production, farming systems, production constraints and wheat demand-supply chain analysis; the role of international and national breeding programs and their approaches in wheat genetic improvement including targeting mega environments, shuttle breeding, doubled haploids, marker-assisted selection and key location phenotyping; and future prospects and opportunities of wheat production in Sub Saharan Africa (SSA).

Design/methodology/approach

Relevant literature works have been used and cited accordingly.

Findings

Though traditionally wheat was not the leading staple crop in SSA, it is becoming an important food crop because of rapid population growth associated with increased urbanization and change in food preference for easy and fast food such as bread, biscuits, pasta, noodles and porridge. In 2013, total wheat consumption in SSA reached 25 million tons with import accounting for 17.5 million tons at a price of USD6 billion, while during the same period the region produces only 7.3 million tons on a total area of 2.9 million hectares. The low productivity (2t/ha) in the region is principally because of abiotic (drought and heat) and biotic (yellow rust, stem rust, septoria and fusarium) stresses which are increasing in intensity and frequency associated with climate change. Furthermore, increased cost of production, growing populations, increased rural-urban migration, low public and private investments, weak extension systems and policies, and low adoption rates of new technologies remain to be major challenges for wheat production in SSA. Wheat breeding in SSA is dominantly carried out by National Agricultural Research Systems, in partnership with the international research centers [International center for improvement of maize and wheat (CIMMYT) and International center for agricultural research in the dry areas (ICARDA)], to develop high yielding and widely adapted wheat genotypes with increased water-use efficiency, heat tolerance and resistance to major diseases and pests. Most of the cultivars grown in SSA are originated from the international research centers, CIMMYT and ICARDA.

Practical implications

This paper will help to promote available wheat technologies in SSA by creating awareness to wheat scientists, extension agents and policymakers.

Originality/value

This manuscript is an original review paper which has not been published in this form elsewhere.
Examining the relationships between political advertisements, party brand personality, voter satisfaction and party loyalty
Authors: Kaur Harsandaldeep , Sohal Seerat
Published: October 2018

Purpose

Although the concept of political party brand personality has received substantial recognition in the political marketing literature, however, no study as yet has contributed in identifying a causal relationship between the party brand personality and voter behaviour. Therefore, this paper aims to address this gap in the academic literature by determining the relationship between the multifaceted advertising-brand personality-satisfaction-loyalty constructs in political context.

Design/methodology/approach

The sample for the study consisting of 930 responses was drawn from the major cities of Punjab state in India through multistage stratified random sampling. AMOS-based structural equation modelling was used to test the proposed model.

Findings

Results revealed that voters’ attitude towards political advertisements had a significant effect on their satisfaction and loyalty when brand personality had a mediating role in this effect. Additionally, the influence of party brand personality on satisfaction and loyalty of voters was different for the selected four political parties.

Practical implications

The study carries strong implications for the political parties and the political marketers to develop pertinent marketing and communication strategies that are consistent with their personality traits, with an endeavour to enhance the satisfaction and loyalty of voters.

Originality/value

The most imperative discovery of this study is to determine the mediating role of party brand personality on relationship between political advertisements, voter satisfaction and party loyalty. Such a study of an emerging economy contributes significantly to the marketing theory and practice owing to the diversity and fragmentation across India with respect to religion, caste, creed and race of voters.
A comparative study on strategy disclosure between emerging markets and developed markets
Authors: Phala Morungwa Lumka , Yasseen Yaeesh , Padia Nirupa , Mohamed Waheeda
Published: October 2018

Purpose

This study aims to compare the extent of voluntary strategy disclosure in the annual/integrated reports of listed companies in an emerging market with the extent of strategy disclosure in the annual/integrated reports of listed companies in a developed market.

Design/methodology/approach

A developed market sample that was made up of the top 50 companies on the New York Stock Exchange and the Australian Stock Exchange was compared to an emerging market sample that was made up of the top 50 companies on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange and the Bombay Stock Exchange. The comparison was conducted by scoring the amount of strategy disclosure reported in the annual/integrated reports of the companies for the years 2011, 2012 and 2013.

Findings

The emerging market companies had average to good strategy disclosures in their annual reports, whereas the annual reports of companies in the developed market showed low strategy disclosure.

Originality/value

This study expanded upon the limited research available on strategy disclosure by comparing the extent of strategy disclosures in two developmental markets (the developed and emerging market).
Jointly created authority: a conversation analysis of how power is managed by parents and systemic psychotherapists in children’s social care
Authors: Watson Rachel
Published: October 2018

Social care settings provide a complex landscape for systemic psychotherapists, particularly in relation to issues of power that are particularly pervasive. Conversation Analysis (CA) was used as a research method to understand the detail of how systemic psychotherapists and parents work together in the safeguarding context. The study aimed to examine the power issues arising, and how they were being managed. CA literature, seen as a reminder of the centrality of ‘talk as action’, is used as a lens through which to present the findings, and the concept of authority as joint action is introduced. The findings of the study showed how systemic approaches, put to use through systemic techniques, can uniquely contribute to safeguarding work in contexts where issues of power prevail, with a particular emphasis on the importance of the concept of self‐reflexivity.

Practitioner points

Notice and work with the complex circular ways that power issues arise in relationships in social care settings

Use the concept of Jointly Created Authority to provide a relational frame for managing issues of power

Revisit the concept of self‐reflexivity which is of primary importance to effective working in this context

Develop understanding of how, using reflexive practice, adjusting responses in the moment can invite agency in clients
Olanzapine‐Induced Fatal Ketoacidosis with Pneumomediastinum and Subcutaneous Emphysema
Authors: Torimitsu Suguru , Makino Yohsuke , Saka Kanju , Fujii Yusuke , Abe Hiroko , Chiba Fumiko , Yamaguchi Rutsuko , Iwase Hirotaro
Published: October 2018

We report a case of fatal olanzapine‐induced ketoacidosis in which pneumomediastinum (PM) and subcutaneous emphysema (SE) were detected on postmortem computed tomographic (CT) images. A man in his forties was found in a state of cardiopulmonary arrest with profuse perspiration, and 50 empty capsules of olanzapine (10 mg) and flunitrazepam (1 mg) were found in his room. The major findings of postmortemCTprior to autopsy werePMandSEfrom the lower half of the face to the height of the first rib. The results of autopsy, biochemical tests, and toxicological analyses indicated the cause of death to be fatal ketoacidosis induced by olanzapine intoxication. No injuries, medical interventions, or particular diseases were evident, suggesting thatPMandSEwere caused by ketoacidosis. Our findings indicated that toxicological analyses should be performed whenPMandSEare detected onCTimages.
Identification of Volatile Oxidation Compounds as Potential Markers of Walnut Oil Quality
Authors: Zhou Ye , Fan Wei , Chu Fuxiang , Wang Chengzhang , Pei Dong
Published: October 2018

In this study, a 10‐day accelerated storage at 60 °C was carried out to investigate the evolution of volatile profiles of walnut oils from three cultivars (cvs. Santai, Xiangling, Qingxiang). Eighteen volatile oxidation compounds, including three alcohols, 11 aldehydes, one furan, one ketone, and two acids, were identified in all oil samples. Data from the three cultivars were combined and the analysis showed that 2‐heptenal and 1‐octen‐3‐ol exhibited the strongest linear correlations with peroxide value (PV), p‐anisidine value (p‐AnV), and the residual content of total tocopherols (Rtocos). The contents of both compounds were also proved to be significant variables for PV, p‐AnV, and Rtocos, according to the jack‐knife uncertainty test applied in partial least squares analysis. Hence, 2‐heptenal and 1‐octen‐3‐ol could be used as potential markers of walnut oil quality. Besides, the oleic‐derived compounds such as octanal and nonanal were suggested to be used to indicate notable decrease of PUFAs during walnut oil oxidation, since they showed the strongest negative correlations with the residual content of PUFAs (RPUFAs).

Practical Application

Nowadays a large‐scale planting of walnut has taken place in China. Since walnut contains more than 60% of oil, the development of walnut oil is of great significance. Volatiles such as aldehydes are secondary oxidation products. Study on the dynamic changes of their types and contents could be helpful to understand the process of walnut oil oxidation. The measurement of walnut oil quality could also be more convenient and predictable with the use of volatile markers. Hence, this research provides insights for the future development of online quality control system for walnut oil.
Bioaccessibility of Some Essential Minerals in Three Selected Australian Pulse Varieties Using an In Vitro Gastrointestinal Digestion Model
Authors: Zhang Yianna Y. , Panozzo Joe , Hall Michael S. , Ajlouni Said
Published: October 2018

Australian produced pulse grains are exported worldwide, predominantly to developing countries where severe essential mineral deficiencies putatively subsist. An in vitro digestion model that simulates human gastric, intestinal and colonic digestion and fermentation, was used to examine the bioaccessibility of Fe, Mg, K, Ca, P, Zn, Mn, and Cu in commercially available cultivars of Australian field pea, lentil, and sweet lupin. The hull and dehulled seeds were prepared following a traditional cooking method, and quantities of bioaccessible minerals were assessed at each stage of in vitro digestion using ICP‐OES elemental analyses. Results revealed that dehulled field pea (100 g dry weight) had the highest bioaccessible quantity of Fe (2.44 ± 0.73 mg), K (717.10 ± 56.66 mg), P (272.88 ± 9.30 mg), Zn (1.72.028 ± 0.28 mg), and Cu (0.41 ± 0.02 mg). Dehulled lupin was the best source of Mg (138.62 ± 1.53 mg) and Mn (1.28 ± 0.0.06 mg), and lentil hull showed the greatest Ca bioaccessible quantity (116.33 ± 16.73 mg/100 g dry weight). Additionally, the fed state digestion (11.7 mg bile/mL sample) increased the bioaccessibility of all elements significantly (P < 0.05) compared to fasted (1.95 mg bile/mL sample), except for Zn and Mn in lupin and lentils. These results demonstrated that dehulled seeds possess higher mineral bioaccessibility on a percentage basis compared with hulls, and that the fed state of in vitro digestion generally improved the mineral solubility significantly (P < 0.05).

Practical Application

This research aimed to assess the prospective biological accessibility of various essential elements in three commercially available Australian pulses. Results of the study provided an insight into the contents of essential minerals in Australian pulses and illustrated the impact of traditional cooking of dehulled pulses on these minerals bioaccessibility. These findings will provide the consumers with information about some nutritional aspects of major Australian pulses.
Calcium channel blockers are associated with improved survival and lower cardiovascular mortality in patients with renovascular disease
Authors: Deshmukh Harshal , Barker Emma , Anbarasan Thineshkrishna , Levin Daniel , Bell Samira , Witham Miles D. , George Jacob
Published: October 2018

Background and objective

Results of interventional trials in renovascular hypertension have been disappointing, and medical therapy is the current recommended gold standard. However, the comparative long‐term benefits of different antihypertensive drug classes in atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis are not known. We aim to assess the effect of different antihypertensive drug classes on outcomes in renovascular hypertension

Design, setting, participants, and measurements

Using Tayside Health Informatics Centre database, anonymized data over a 6‐year period was analyzed. Biochemistry, prescribing data, morbidity, mortality, and demographic data were accessed via hospital medical records and electronic data stored in the Tayside Health Informatics Centre Safe Haven. General Registrar's Office data were used to identify patients who died from cardiovascular disease. Independent predictors of survival in each group were analyzed using Kaplan‐Meier survival curves and Cox proportional hazard models, adjusted for a range of covariates, using time‐updated drug analysis. Blood pressure data were obtained from primary and secondary care clinic blood pressure records for each patient. Adjustments for mean systolic blood pressure over the follow‐up period and baseline blood pressure were made.

Results

A total of 579 patients with atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis were identified. In the unilateral renal artery stenosis cohort, calcium channel blockers but not ACE inhibitors/ARBs were associated with a significant reduction in all‐cause (HR = 0.45, CI = 0.31, 0.65; P = <0.0001) and cardiovascular (HR = 0.51, CI = 0.29‐0.90 P = 0.019) mortality. This was maintained after adjustment for blood pressure. In the bilateral renal artery stenosis cohort, both classes of drugs reduced all‐cause but not cardiovascular mortality. Patients with moderate disease benefitted more than those with mild or severe disease.

Conclusions

Calcium channel blockers are associated with significantly increased survival and lower cardiovascular mortality particularly in patients with moderate RAS disease.
Thinking outside the square: Evidence that plot shape and layout in forest inventories can bias estimates of stand metrics
Authors: Paul Thomas S. H. , Kimberley Mark O. , Beets Peter N.
Published: October 2018

Plot‐based data collection is an important component of quantitative ecological research and is widely used. Some of the most extensive plot‐networks can be found in country‐wide forest inventories, which provide critical information about the state of forest ecosystems. While sampling designs for forest inventories have been well studied, plot design and installation has received less attention.

The New Zealand National Forest Inventory of natural forest uses a nested plot design with a 0.126 ha circular plot superimposed concentrically on a 0.04 ha square plot. Stems ≥ 60 cm diameter at breast height (DBH) are measured in the circular plot while stems ≥ 2.5 DBH are measured in the square plot. Stem density of ≥60 cm DBH stems measured in the circular plots were compared with those from square plots.

Stem densities estimated from square plot measurements were 23.7% higher than those estimated from circular plot measurements in the 2002–2007 inventory, and 18.4% higher in the 2009–2014 inventory. The main cause of this discrepancy appears to be due to the placement of plot boundaries during establishment of square plots. This effect may have resulted from a subconscious tendency of field teams to include large trees inside plots when laying out these boundaries. It is concluded that estimates from the circular plots are unlikely to be biased while those from the square plots are positively biased.

This study highlights the critical importance of plot design and plot placement in forest inventories to ensure that estimates of stand attributes are unbiased. Especially on undulating or uneven terrain, methods of determining whether trees are inside or outside plot boundaries of circular plots are likely to be more accurate than those typically used for square or rectangular plots.
Validation of Nursing Outcomes and Interventions to Older Adults Care with Risk or Frail Elderly Syndrome: Proposal of Linkages Among NOC, NIC, and NANDA‐I to clinical practice
Authors: Lucena Amália de Fátima , Argenta Carla , Almeida Miriam de Abreu , Moorhead Sue , Swanson Elizabeth
Published: October 2018

OBJECTIVE

Select and validate outcomes from Nursing Outcomes Classification and interventions from Nursing Interventions Classification for diagnoses Risk for Frail Elderly Syndrome and Frail Elderly Syndrome/NANDA International.

METHODS

A consensus study with 15 gerontological nursing specialists. Data were collected by a Google forms instrument developed by the research team and analyzed using descriptive statistics.

RESULTS

For the risk diagnosis, 11 outcomes and seven interventions were validated. For the problem‐focused diagnosis, 12 outcomes and eight interventions were validated.

CONCLUSION

The outcomes and interventions showed up as important elements applicable in the health assistance to older adults care with risk or Frail Elderly Syndrome.

IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE

Those outcomes and interventions are a linkages proposal with the diagnoses to be applied in the clinical practice.
Factors Associated With Pediatric Nontransport in a Large Emergency Medical Services System
Authors: Ramgopal Sriram , Owusu‐Ansah Sylvia , Martin‐Gill Christian
Published: October 2018

Background

Pediatric patients attended to by emergency medical services (EMS) but not transported to the hospital are an at‐risk population. We aimed to evaluate risk factors associated with nontransport by EMS in pediatric patients.

Methods

We reviewed medical records of 24 agencies in a regional EMS system in Southwestern Pennsylvania between January 1, 2014, and December 31, 2017. We abstracted demographics (age, sex, medical complaint, median household income by zip code, race, ethnicity), clinical characteristics (abnormal vital signs by age, procedures done), and transport characteristics. We excluded patients ≥ 18 years, interfacility transfers, scene assists, cardiac arrest, and those without a patient encounter. We used unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression to identify factors associated with nontransport, reporting adjusted odds ratios (aOR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Results

We included 30,663 pediatric patients (52.9% male, mean ± SD age = 8.5 ± 6.2 years), of whom 5,002 (16.3%) were nontransports. In adjusted analysis (aOR, 95% CI), nontransports were associated with medical categories of trauma (4.32, 3.57–5.23), respiratory (4.03, 3.09–5.26), toxicologic (2.53, 1.66–3.86), and syncope (5.97, 3.78–9.41). Nontransports were less likely for psychiatric (0.52, 0.34–0.79) complaints; for black patients compared to white (0.31, 0.26–0.37); and in patients 6 to <12 years (0.76, 0.65–0.90), 2 to <6 years (0.77, 0.65–0.91), 1 to <2 years (0.53, 0.42–0.66), and 1 month to 1 year (0.52, 0.40–0.66) compared to patients ≥ 12 years of age. Nontransport was associated with longer scene time (1.03, 1.02–1.04) and with fall compared to winter (1.29, 1.08–1.54) and was less likely in those with abnormal mental status (0.45, 0.33–0.62), medication administration (0.16, 0.08–0.31), or monitor application (0.10, 0.06–0.15).

Conclusion

Pediatric nontransports are associated with traumatic, respiratory, and toxicologic complaints and older age. These findings can facilitate development of refusal protocols and research on outcomes of these at‐risk patients.
Heavy Alcohol Use and Age Effects on HIV‐Associated Neurocognitive Function
Authors: Cohen Ronald A. , Gullett Joseph M. , Porges Eric C. , Woods Adam J. , Lamb Damon G. , Bryant Vaughn E. , McAdams Mikayla , Tashima Karen , Cook Robert , Bryant Kendall , Monnig Mollie , Kahler Christopher W. , Monti Peter M.
Published: October 2018

Background

There is growing concern about the health impact of heavy alcohol use in people infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV+). Mixed findings of past studies regarding the cognitive impact of alcohol use in HIV+ adults have been mixed, with inconsistent evidence that alcohol consumption exacerbates HIV‐associated brain dysfunction. This study examined contributions of current heavy drinking, lifetime alcohol use disorder (AUD), and age to cognitive deficits in HIV+ adults, and relative to other HIV‐associated clinical factors.

Methods

Cognitive performance of HIV+ adults (n = 104) was assessed, and comparisons were made between heavy current to nonheavy drinkers (NIAAA criteria), lifetime AUD versus no‐AUD, and older (>50 years) versus younger participants. Hierarchical regression analyses were conducted to examine the association between cognitive performance and current heavy drinking, lifetime AUD, and older age, while also correcting for HIV clinical factors and history of other substance use.

Results

Individuals reporting current heavy drinking and meeting criteria for lifetime AUD demonstrated the greatest degree of deficits across multiple cognitive domains. Deficits were greatest among HIV+ adults with lifetime AUD, and older age was also associated with weaker cognitive performance. Lifetime AUD and older age independently exhibited stronger associations with cognitive performance than HIV clinical factors (e.g., viral load, current CD4, and nadir CD4) or past opiate and cocaine use.

Conclusions

Current heavy drinking and lifetime AUD adversely affect cognitive function in HIV+ adults. Greatest deficits existed when there was a history of AUD and continued current heavy drinking, indicating that past AUD continues to have an adverse impact and should not be ignored. That alcohol use was more strongly associated with cognitive performance than HIV clinical factors underscore clinical importance of targeting reduction in heavy alcohol consumption in HIV+ adults.
Comparative anatomical studies on the glandular stomach of the rock pigeon (Columba livia targia) and the Egyptian laughing dove (Streptopelia senegalensis aegyptiaca)
Authors: Madkour Fatma A. , Mohamed Alsayed A.
Published: October 2018

The rock pigeon (RP) and the laughing dove (LD) are common and widely distributed species in African countries, including Egypt. The present work was carried out to characterize the comparative features of the glandular stomach (proventriculus) in these two birds, which share diets and habitats. In both species, the proventriculus is an elongated spindle obliquely situated in the cranial two‐thirds of the body cavity. The length and weight of the proventriculus in the RP were about one and half times greater than that of the LD. Histologically, the proventricular wall generally consisted of the mucosa (thickest), submucosa, muscular and serosa layers. The proventricular glands occupied most of the wall of the proventriculus within the lamina propria of the mucosa. The glands are tubuloalveolar in type, consist of variable shaped lobules and are more condensed in LD than in RP. At the proventricular‐gizzard junction (PGJ), the proventricular glands were observed external to the tubular glands of the gizzard in the RP, whereas in LD, these glands end abruptly and are separated from the tubular glands of the gizzard by a short distance. A scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of the proventricular lumen in RP revealed that the openings of the proventricular glands have an irregular outline surrounded by concentrically arranged mucosal folds that resemble a rosette shape. In the LD, these openings have a regular outline surrounded by thinner, widely spaced mucosal folds. To our knowledge, these results identified the structure of the proventriculus in RP and LD for the first time.
Racial Disparities in Health Status and Access to Healthcare: The Continuation of Inequality in the United States Due to Structural Racism
Authors: Yearby Ruqaiijah
Published: October 2018

During the Jim Crow era of 1877 to 1954, the federal government sponsored and supported the racially separate and unequal distribution of resources, including, but not limited to, education, housing, employment, and healthcare. On May 14, 1954, the Supreme Court ruled in Brown v. Board of Education that separate and unequal education violated the Constitution because separate is inherently unequal. Many believed that this ruling, the Civil Rights Acts of 1957, 1960, 1964, 1968, and the Voting Rights Act of 1965 would put an end to the unequal treatment of African Americans in the United States. However, inequalities still exist today because the ruling and the laws did not change the structures of the United States. Specifically, structural racism prevents African Americans from obtaining equal access to resources such as wealth, employment, income, and healthcare, resulting in racial disparities in health. Because racial disparities between African Americans and Caucasians are the most studied in the United States, this article will focus exclusively on how structural racism continues and causes racial inequalities between African Americans and Caucasians in wealth, employment, income, and healthcare, which lead to racial disparities in access to healthcare and health status.
Sanitation Inequity and the Cumulative Effects of Racism in Colorblind Public Health Policies
Authors: Carrera Jennifer S. , Flowers Catherine Coleman
Published: October 2018

A majority of Lowndes County, Alabama, residents live without properly functioning, legal, basic sanitation infrastructure. We describe the contemporary racialization of sanitation inequality in the county. We trace structural dimensions of race in land tenure through the heir property system, housing availability, and public health enforcement. Our analysis shows how cumulative effects of colorblind policies overlain on explicitly racist foundations operate to establish public health sanitation law as a persistent mechanism of producing racial stratification.
How to Blow Up a Wall with a Heartbeat
Authors: Powers Nicholas
Published: October 2018

A manifesto written in the form of a letter is a tradition in the African American canon, one that undergoes a radical revision in this essay. Whether in My Dungeon Shook, the first section of James Baldwin’s 1963 classic The Fire Next Time or Ta‐Nehisi Coates’s 2015 Between the World and Me, the strategy was a pedagogical one. The double work being done in these texts was to use a stated reader, in each case a family member, to grant the writer an intimacy that guaranteed the larger claims made on racism in America. Yet both writers seemed ultimately to elude that stated reader for a not too implicit, liberal white reader. In “How to Blow Up a Wall with a Heartbeat,” the text reverses this tactic to ask what a new life teaches us about racism and the desire for human connection it frustrates. The time frame is the end of the Obama presidency, where there was a hint of hope, even if it was betrayed. It ends shortly after November 2016 when white Americans chose a president who threatened to initiate a new neo‐Jim‐Crow era and asks: How does the endless, generative power of life teach a man of color to love during a politically reactionary time?
The “common view”, the “cultural binary”, and how to move forward
Authors: Vignoles Vivian L.
Published: October 2018

Takano and Osaka's (1997, 1999) careful review of empirical research on individualism and collectivism in the US and Japan revealed a striking lack of support for the “common view” that Japanese individuals are typical collectivists whereas Americans are typical individualists. Two decades on, Takano and Osaka (2018) conclude that empirical studies have continued to fail to support the common view—and yet this view is stubbornly persistent in the literature. More is at stake here than the characterization of two national cultures. The common view epitomizes a widely adopted binary view of culture, which reduces the richness and complexity of global cultural diversity to an oversimplified contrast between individualist/ independent/ Western/ North American and collectivist/ interdependent/ Eastern/ East Asian categories. Unless cultural psychologists can move beyond binary thinking and research practices, correcting an inaccurate portrayal of American and Japanese cultures will be of limited benefit. Future progress might be fostered by (a) defining concepts more precisely, (b) more use of exploratory approaches, (c) wider sampling of cultural groups and contexts, (d) using available methodological guidance for cross‐cultural research, and (e) expanding research into cultural identities and stereotypes.
“Attention, please” to situation: Replies to commentaries by Uleman, Matsumoto, Hamamura and Takemura, and Vignoles
Authors: Takano Yohtaro , Osaka Eiko
Published: October 2018

Takano and Osaka (2018) tested the validity of the common view that Japanese are more collectivistic than Americans by reviewing empirical studies published mainly during recent two decades, and found that this common view was not supported by most of the reviewed studies. All the four commentaries on this review of ours shared with us the basic judgment that the common view is untenable. In this reply, we present arguments to resolve some doubts cast on our review, and then argue that situation is a key concept to investigate critical issues related to individualism and collectivism such as their dimensionality and distinction between societal level and individual level cultural difference.
What it Means to be American: Identity Inclusiveness/Exclusiveness and Support for Policies About Muslims among U.S.‐born Whites
Authors: Doucerain Marina M. , Amiot Catherine E. , Thomas Emma F. , Louis Winnifred R.
Published: October 2018

Americans’ support for policies targeting Muslims was hotly debated during the 2016 presidential campaign. This study of U.S.‐born White Americans seeks to move beyond explanations of this political polarization as a matter of liberal versus conservative, Democrat versus Republicans by focusing on the content of the superordinate American identity, in terms of how inclusive versus exclusive it is. In line with the ingroup projection model, we expected that a more inclusive representation of the American identity would be related to support for more welcoming (rather than hostile) policies about Muslim people. White Americans (N = 237) were recruited online during the 2016 U.S. presidential campaign (June 2016). Results supported our hypothesis and showed the independent associations of identity inclusiveness and exclusiveness with policy support. This study makes three important contributions to a growing literature on the relation between national identity representations and hostility toward immigrants and minorities: (1) directly and independently measuring inclusive and exclusive representations of the superordinate identity, alongside national identity, party affiliation, and political ideology; (2) focusing on Muslims, an understudied group targeted by a great deal of divisive political rhetoric in the 2016 campaign; and (3) considering policy support rather than general attitudes.
Pitfalls in short‐chain fatty acid research: A methodological review
Authors: Sakata Takashi
Published: October 2018

This methodological review suggests what to do and what not to do in short‐chain fatty acid (SCFA) research for researchers, supervisors, scientific reviewers, and regulatory officers. High viscosity of gut contents, existence of bacterial biofilm and of mucus layer at the mucosal surface, and rapid absorption of SCFAs make it difficult to know their concentrations at the very surface of the mucosa. As lumen or fecal concentration of SCFAs does not reflect their rate of production, these parameters should not be used as measures of SCFA production or absorption. Effects of SCFAs can vary and even become opposite at different dose, time of/after exposure or time of the day. Thus, results without dose–response, time‐course, and diurnal variance experiments can be seriously misleading. It is also to note that too much emphasis on n‐butyrate should be avoided.