bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rheology of concentrated crystal suspensions: sucrose fondants as hard particles in soft matter
Authors: Hartge Hannah M. , Flöter Eckhard , Vilgis Thomas A.
Published: February 2025

Hard particle dispersions are abundant in food as well as technical applications. In particular, the production of many candies like fondants, crystalline sugars or creamed honeys involves agitation of concentrated suspensions of microscopic crystals in saturated solutions. However, the complex rheological behavior of such non-colloidal suspensions with poly-disperse, irregular particles is not fully understood. This work investigates different sucrose suspensions with a particle volume fraction of about 50%. After detailed image analysis of the varying particle size distributions and shapes, the flow properties are investigated by oscillatory rheology. Amplitude sweeps, frequency sweeps and thixotropy tests show the dependency of rheological behavior on the microstructure of the suspensions. In particular, all samples show characteristic strain softening with subsequent strain hardening that indicates jamming at large strains. This is observed irrespective of specifics in the particle shape and material, suggesting universal behavior due to the high particle volume fraction. They also show significant time-dependent behavior. However, sedimentation rates are higher and structure rebuilding is lower for larger particle sizes and dispersity. The observed strain softening and structure rebuilding are explained by rearrangement of the crystals: Under moderate strain amplitudes, friction and collisions are minimized, with a larger optimization potential for larger dispersities. When oscillations are reduced again, mainly small particles re-arrange in an arbitrary order over time, leading to an increase in loss and storage modulus and thus thixotropic behavior. This time-dependent process needs to be taken into account when measuring or processing concentrated crystal suspensions. Our findings contribute to a better understanding of concentrated suspensions simple in composition, but complex in their flow properties. The observed behavior strongly depends on the particle-particle interactions. Thus, our findings can be transferred to other areas involving concentrated, non-Brownian frictional suspensions of compact hard particles, as they are often found in food, technical applications or geology.
Immunomodulation by allograft endothelial cells
Authors: Bose Sayantan , Do Vicki , Testini Chiara , Jadhav Suchita S. , Sailliet Nicolas , Kho Alvin T. , Komatsu Masaki , Boneschansker Leo , Kong Sek Won , Wedel Johannes , Briscoe David M.
Published: February 2025

It is increasingly appreciated that the expression of immunoregulatory molecules within tumors have potential to shape a microenvironment that promotes local immunoevasion and immunoregulation. However, little is known about tissue-intrinsic immunomodulatory mechanisms following transplantation. We propose that differences in the phenotype of microvascular endothelial cells impact the alloantigenicity of the graft and its potential to promote immunoregulation following transplantation. We focus this review on the concept that graft-dependent immunoregulation may evolve post-transplantation, and that it is dependent on the phenotype of select subsets of intragraft endothelial cells. We also discuss evidence that long-term graft survival is critically dependent on adaptive interactions among immune cells and endothelial cells within the transplanted tissue microenvironment.
It's time to re-evaluate the reporting of common measures from isokinetic dynamometers: isokinetic for torque, isotonic for power
Authors: Thompson Brennan J.
Published: February 2025

Isokinetic dynamometry is commonly used to provide an objective and reliable assessment of muscle function across a variety of clinical, athletic and research settings. Important muscle function variables that are commonly assessed are torque- and power- related measures. Isokinetic mode is overwhelmingly used to provide these variables, and has been so for decades; however, this mode may not be the best suited to examine power variables. The article aims to explore this issue through conceptual evaluation and empirical results using unpublished data. The implication is that due to the almost complete lack of unique information that power provides additional to torque in isokinetic mode, the isotonic mode is better suited to assess power for functional, operational, and methodological reasons. Thus, muscle function tests on an isokinetic dynamometer provide more fitting and useful data when isokinetic mode is used to determine torque measures, and isotonic mode is used to provide power measures.
Smoking Avoidance, Physical Activity and Diet as Preventative Behaviours for Lung, Prostate and Colorectal Cancer - A Comparison of the Extended Parallel Process Model Groups
Authors: Domosławska-Żylińska Katarzyna , Włodarczyk Dorota
Published: February 2025

Objectives

An analysis of men’s perceptions of the role of three health behaviours (smoking avoidance, physical activity, and diet) in relation to the subjective threat of lung, prostate, and colorectal cancers, with adoption of the Extended Parallel Process Model (EPPM).

Methods

The study was conducted using a survey questionnaire by Computer Assisted Web Interviewing on a representative sample of 1,000 male Polish citizens aged 18–65.

Results

Prostate cancer was considered the most likely and most severe type of cancer. A healthy diet was the intervention that was considered the most effective and the one most likely to be implemented for colorectal cancer. Respondents perceived smoking avoidance to be the most effective intervention, while considering this to be the least feasible strategy to implement for lung cancer. In all of the behaviours, the Indifferent group was the most numerous. Belonging to the EPPM groups was mainly associated with educational level, financial situation, and self-assessed health status.

Conclusion

The need to implement interventions aimed at: increase the perceived risk of smoking in the context of lung cancer incidence, increase men’s self-efficacy in smoking avoidance and reduce the level of perceived losses from undertaking a healthy diet and smoking avoidance.
Experimentation and Analysis of Physical Properties Related to Quinoa Straws
Authors: Sun Bin , Xi Chuanzhi , Chang Zengcun , Ji Pengcheng , Liu Zeqi , Shi Guanzheng , Li Xianjie , Xu Nan , Wang Dongwei
Published: February 2025

To study the cutting mechanical properties of quinoa straw and reduce the cutting force and unit area cutting power consumption of quinoa straw, this study took quinoa from low-altitude areas as the research object. Through observation and experimental analysis of quinoa from low-altitude areas, the relevant external characteristics of quinoa straw were recognized, providing a certain research basis for the development of quinoa-specific harvesting machinery. In the cutting mechanical experiments, a reciprocating cutting test bench for straw was designed. Single-factor experiments were conducted on the moisture content, cutting speed, blade angle, and cutting angle of quinoa straw. Response surface experiments were conducted on cutting speed, blade inclination angle, and cutting inclination angle to reveal the variation laws of the cutting mechanical properties of quinoa straw, providing a scientific basis for the rational formulation of harvesting strategies. In the single-factor experiments, the ultimate cutting stress of the stem and the unit area cutting power consumption decreased with the increase in moisture content; the ultimate cutting stress of the stem and the unit area cutting power consumption decreased first and then increased with the increase in cutting inclination angle; the ultimate cutting stress of the stem decreased with the increase in blade inclination angle, while the unit area cutting power consumption decreased first and then increased; the ultimate cutting stress of the stem and the unit area cutting power consumption decreased first and then remained stable with the increase in average cutting speed. In the response surface experiments, the optimal parameter combination was an average cutting speed of 0.8 m/s, a cutting inclination angle of 9.8°, and a blade inclination angle of 33.2°. The verification test proved that the error was no more than 4%. Under the optimal parameters, the ultimate cutting stress and unit area cutting power consumption of the straw were 9.1% and 2.9%, respectively.
miR-215 Modulates Ubiquitination to Impair Inflammasome Activation and Autophagy During Salmonella Typhimurium Infection in Porcine Intestinal Cells
Authors: Entrenas-García Carmen , Suárez-Cárdenas José M. , Fernández-Rodríguez Raúl , Bautista Rocío , Claros M. Gonzalo , Garrido Juan J. , Zaldívar-López Sara
Published: February 2025

The host response to S. Typhimurium infection can be post-transcriptionally regulated by miRNAs. In this study, we investigated the role of miR-215 using both in vivo porcine infection models and in vitro intestinal epithelial cell lines. Several miRNAs were found to be dysregulated in the porcine ileum during infection with wild-type and SPI2-defective mutant strains of S. Typhimurium, with some changes being SPI2-dependent. Notably, miR-215 was significantly downregulated during infection. To explore its functional role, gain-of-function experiments were performed by transfecting porcine intestinal epithelial cells (IPEC-J2) with a miR-215-5p mimic, followed by label-free quantitative (LFQ) proteomic analysis. This analysis identified 157 proteins, of which 35 were downregulated in response to miR-215 overexpression, suggesting they are potential targets of this miRNA. Among these, E2 small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO)-conjugating enzyme UBC9 and E3 ubiquitin-ligase HUWE1 were identified as key targets, both of which are upregulated during S. Typhimurium infection. The miR-215-mediated downregulation of these proteins resulted in a significant decrease in overall ubiquitination, a process crucial for regulating inflammasome activation and autophagy. Consistently, inflammasome markers caspase 1 (CASP1) and apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC), as well as autophagy markers microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3 (LC3B) and Ras-related protein Rab-11 (RAB11A), showed decreased expression in miR-215 mimic-transfected and infected IPEC-J2 cells. To further validate these findings, human intestinal epithelial cells (HT29) were used as a complementary model, providing additional insights into conserved immune pathways and extending the observations made in the porcine system. Overall, our findings demonstrate that miR-215 plays a significant role in modulating host inflammasome activation and autophagy by targeting proteins involved in ubiquitination during S. Typhimurium infection.
Linking Gut Microbiota and Stereotypic Behavior of Endangered Species Under Ex Situ Conservation: First Evidence from Sun Bears
Authors: Chen Xiaobing , Chen Wenqi , Guo Xinyu , Zhang Sheng , Xu Bo , Wu Hong , Zhao Dapeng
Published: February 2025

Integrative conservation research on animal behavior and nutritional health can contribute to the ex situ conservation of endangered species. Stereotypic behavior, a repetitive behavior without practical function, is associated with animal welfare in its manner and frequency for captive animals. Exploring the potential relationship between stereotypic behavior and internal factors, such as intestinal flora, could improve ex situ conservation, especially for endangered species. In this study, we analyzed the typical behavior characteristics of the endangered sun bears (Helarctos malayanus) under captive conditions based on the behavior sampling method. The seasonal and annual changes in the intestinal flora of H. malayanus in captivity were studied by 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing technology based on non-invasive fecal sample collection. This study provides the first evidence of a potential association between the gut microbiota and stereotypic behavior characteristics of captive H. malayanus. The results can significantly improve our understanding of the stereotypical behavior of H. malayanus in captivity and contribute to the captive breeding and conservation efforts of this endangered species.
SCS-JPGD: Single-Channel-Signal Joint Projected Gradient Descent
Authors: Wang Yulin , Cheng Shengyi , Du Xianjun
Published: February 2025

The fault diagnosis of industrial equipment is crucial for ensuring production safety and improving the efficiency of equipment operation. With the advancement of sensor technologies, the number of data generated in industrial environments has increased dramatically. Deep learning techniques, with their powerful feature extraction and classification capabilities, have become a research hotspot in the field of fault diagnosis. However, deep learning models are vulnerable to adversarial attacks, which can lead to a decrease in diagnostic accuracy and compromise system safety. This paper proposes a Joint Projection Gradient Descent (SCS-JPGD) method based on single-channel signal features. The proposed method first introduces a gradient-based attack approach for signal samples, which can add tiny perturbations to the input samples, causing misclassification in black-box models. Secondly, a joint training strategy is proposed for gradient attacks on signal samples, aiming to enhance the model’s adaptability to small perturbations in a limited range. Experiments were conducted on the CWRU dataset under four different operating conditions. The results show that, under a deep learning model with diagnostic accuracy exceeding 90%, the joint training method allows the model to maintain an average accuracy of 84.6% even after the addition of adversarial samples, which are barely distinguishable by the human eye. The proposed SCS-JPGD method provides a safer and more accurate approach for fault diagnosis in deep learning research.
Design of a Waste Classification System Using a Low Experimental Cost Capacitive Sensor and Machine Learning Algorithms
Authors: Vesga Ferreira Juan Carlos , Perez Waltero Harold Esneider , Vesga Barrera Jose Antonio
Published: February 2025

The management and classification of solid waste is one of the most important challenges worldwide. The objective is to design a basic waste classification system at the source using a low-cost experimental capacitive sensor and machine learning algorithms. For this, two types of sensor models were established (Traditional Model (MT) and Non-Traditional Model (MNT)), which were built with recyclable material and tested with different types of materials, in order to evaluate their behavior and sensitivity level. The results obtained demonstrated that the two sensors responded with acceptable sensitivity levels for each of the materials used as a test; however, the MNT was the one that generated the values with the greatest variability, an aspect that is deemed highly significant, because, thanks to this type of response to various types of materials, it facilitates the classification processes through the use of machine learning algorithms. Finally, the two prototypes of sensors manufactured can be considered of significant relevance for the development of more complex solutions, related to the classification and possible characterization of materials, when compared to the capacitive sensors found on the market, which only then allow us to identify if there is a presence or not of some object through adjustment by potentiometer, generating as a result a digital output. This aspect largely limits the use of commercial capacitive sensors to applications exclusively related to presence or level detection.
Redesign of a Towing Mobile Robot Control Architecture and Implementation of Outdoor Experiments Using the Transverse Function Approach
Authors: Krysiak Bartłomiej , Pazderski Dariusz , Majchrzak Jarosław , Kotlarek Marcin , Mieszała Piotr , Michalski Mateusz , Maciołek Krzysztof , Nowak Paweł
Published: February 2025

This article discusses the redesign of a towing mobile robot to obtain a modern system for implementing mobile robot control research. Controller architecture issues are presented, and a selected control algorithm is considered in detail. The reconstruction of the robot is also intended to ensure that the current standards for the electronic architecture controlling the robot are met and that this architecture can be easily developed to include components related to the safety of the robot’s operation. The discussion of the control architecture is divided into a description of the high-level controller responsible for the position stabilization algorithm and a description of the low-level controller responsible for the drive motor control and robot safety. The high-level control algorithm is responsible for a trajectory tracking task realized with use of a transverse function approach algorithm. A time elastic band algorithm was also used to generate a reference trajectory, allowing the robot to be guided through waypoints. The low-level controller is comprehensively described with details on the industrial controller architecture used, the communication between the controller modules, and the interaction of these modules with the on-board computer. The redesign of the towing mobile robot was summarized by the implementation of outdoor experiments where the task of driving through reference points was completed.
MS-RRBR: A Multi-Model Synergetic Framework for Restricted and Repetitive Behavior Recognition in Children with Autism
Authors: Wang Yonggu , Shao Yifan , Yu Zengyi , Wang Zihan
Published: February 2025

Restricted and Repetitive Behaviors (RRBs) are hallmark features of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and are also one of the diagnostic criteria for the condition. Traditional methods of RRBs assessment through manual observation are limited by low diagnostic efficiency and uncertainty in outcomes. As a result, AI-assisted screening for autism has emerged as a promising research direction. In this study, we explore the synergy of visual foundation models and multimodal large language models (MLLMs), proposing a Multi-Model Synergistic Restricted and Repetitive Behavior Recognition method (MS-RRBR). Based on this method, we developed an interpretable multi-model autonomous question-answering system. To evaluate the effectiveness of our approach, we collected and annotated the Autism Restricted and Repetitive Behavior Dataset (ARRBD), which includes 10 ASD-related behaviors easily observable from various visual perspectives. Experimental results on the ARRBD dataset demonstrate that our multi-model collaboration outperforms single-model approaches, achieving the highest recognition accuracy of 94.94%. The MS-RRBR leverages the extensive linguistic knowledge of GPT-4o to enhance the zero-shot visual recognition capabilities of the MLLM, while also providing clear explanations for system decisions. This approach holds promise for providing timely, reliable, and accurate technical support for clinical diagnosis and educational rehabilitation in ASD.
Inositol Phosphates and Synthesizing Enzymes: Implications in Neurodegenerative Disorders
Authors: Onu Chisom J. , Adu Michael , Chakkour Mohamed , Kumar Vikalp , Greenberg Miriam L.
Published: February 2025

Inositol is a vital sugar molecule involved in numerous signaling pathways required for cellular homeostasis and cell survival. Myo-inositol and its phospho-derivatives, inositol phosphates (IPs), are the most prevalent forms of inositol found in living cells. They are involved in regulating ion channels, metabolic flux, stress response, and other key biological processes. While emerging research has highlighted the significant roles of inositol phosphates in immunity, cancer, and metabolic diseases, there is a lack of comprehensive reviews on their roles in psychiatric and neurological disorders. This review aims to fill that gap by analyzing the existing literature on the importance of inositol phosphates in severe psychiatric and neurological conditions such as Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, bipolar disorder, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, schizophrenia, and Huntington’s disease, underscoring the potential to pave the way for new treatment regimens for these debilitating disorders targeting inositol pathways.
Exosomes in Skin Flap Survival: Unlocking Their Role in Angiogenesis and Tissue Regeneration
Authors: Chen Bo-da , Zhao Yue , Wu Jian-long , Zhu Zi-guan , Yang Xiao-dong , Fang Ren-peng , Wu Chen-si , Zheng Wei , Xu Cheng-an , Xu Keyang , Ji Xin
Published: February 2025

This review explores the critical role of exosomes in promoting angiogenesis, a key factor in skin flap survival. Skin flaps are widely used in reconstructive surgery, and their survival depends heavily on the formation of new blood vessels. Exosomes, small extracellular vesicles secreted by various cells, have emerged as important mediators of intercellular communication and play a crucial role in biological processes such as angiogenesis. Compared to traditional methods of promoting angiogenesis, exosomes show more selective and targeted therapeutic potential as they naturally carry angiogenic factors and can precisely regulate the angiogenesis process. The review will delve into the molecular mechanisms by which exosomes facilitate angiogenesis, discuss their potential therapeutic applications in enhancing skin flap survival, and explore future research directions, particularly the challenges and prospects of exosomes in clinical translation. By highlighting the unique advantages of exosomes in skin flap survival, this review provides a new perspective in this field and opens up new research directions for future therapeutic strategies.
Decoding Health: Exploring Essential Biomarkers Linked to Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatohepatitis and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Mukherjee Sulagna , Im Seung-Soon
Published: February 2025

The investigation of biomarkers for metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) reveals their potential for advancing disease treatment and addressing their notable overlap. The connection between MASH, obesity, and T2DM highlights the need for an integrative management approach addressing mechanisms like insulin resistance and chronic inflammation. Obesity contributes significantly to the development of MASH through lipid dysregulation, insulin resistance, and chronic inflammation. Selective biomarker targeting offers a valuable strategy for detecting these comorbidities. Biomarkers such as CRP, IL-6, and TNF-α serve as indicators of inflammation, while HOMA-IR, fasting insulin, and HbA1c are essential for evaluating insulin resistance. Additionally, triglycerides, LDL, and HDL are crucial for comprehending lipid dysregulation. Despite the growing importance of digital biomarkers, challenges in research methodologies and sample variability persist, necessitating further studies to validate diagnostic tools and improve health interventions. Future opportunities include developing non-invasive biomarker panels, using multiomics, and using machine learning to enhance prognoses for diagnostic accuracy and therapeutic outcomes.
Development of Electronic Nose as a Complementary Screening Tool for Breath Testing in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Chen Chih-Dao , Zheng Yong-Xiang , Lin Heng-Fu , Yang Hsiao-Yu
Published: February 2025

(1) Background: Colorectal cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death, while early detection decreases incidence and mortality. Current screening programs involving fecal immunological testing and colonoscopy commonly bring about unnecessary colonoscopies, which adds burden to healthcare systems. The objective of this study was to provide an assessment of the diagnostic performance of an electronic nose serving as a complementary screening tool to improve current screening programs in clinical settings. (2) Methods: We conducted a case–control study that included patients from a medical center with colorectal cancer and non-colorectal cancer controls. We analyzed the composition of volatile organic compounds in their exhaled breath using the electronic nose. We then used machine learning algorithms to develop predictive models and provided the estimated accuracy and reliability of the breath testing. (3) Results: We enrolled 77 patients, with 40 cases and 37 controls. The area under the curve, Kappa coefficient, sensitivity, and specificity of the selected model were 0.87 (95% CI 0.76–0.95), 0.66 (95% CI 0.49–0.83), 0.81, and 0.85. For subjects at an early stage of disease, the sensitivity and specificity were 0.90 and 0.85. Excluding smokers, the sensitivity and specificity were 0.88 and 0.92. (4) Conclusions: This study highlights the promising potential of breath testing using an electronic nose for enabling early detection and reducing unnecessary treatments. However, more independent data for external validation are required to ensure applicability and generalizability.
Mitigating Ethnic Moral Disengagement: The Role of Inhibitory Control, Cognitive Reflection, and Growth-Oriented Personal Values from an Integrative Perspective
Authors: Corbelli Giuseppe , Paciello Marinella , Sportelli Carmela , Cicirelli Paolo Giovanni , D’Errico Francesca
Published: February 2025

Despite the consequences of ethnic moral disengagement, such as ethnic bullying, racism, and prejudice, a comprehensive understanding of how to effectively counter it remains an ongoing area of research. The present study proposes an association between ethnic moral disengagement and three individual dimensions: the executive function of inhibitory control, a reflective cognitive style, and personal values that reflect growth-oriented motivations in contrast to self-defensive ones. By evaluating these dimensions respectively through a behavioral task, a cognitive measure, and a self-report instrument, the aim is to understand the role of basic behavioral capability, cognitive reflection, and growth-oriented values in reducing ethnic moral disengagement. The study, conducted on 413 participants (243 female, M = 19.60 years, SD = 1.46) using a structural equation modeling approach, found that while inhibitory control was not significantly linked to ethnic moral disengagement, reflective information processing and broader value horizons may constitute a key resource for opposing it. Overall, these results suggest that individuals who adopt such a reflective and growth-oriented mindset may elaborate differences and unfamiliar encounters as opportunities rather than as threats to be defended against by justifying themselves and externally displacing responsibility for their decisions and actions.
Research on Two Refined Algorithms for Creep Calculation for Reinforced Concrete Components
Authors: Wu Pengfei , Cui Jianchao
Published: February 2025

Existing refined creep calculation methods primarily include the numerical recursive method. Previous algorithms merely provided a theoretical possibility for refined creep calculations. Their massive computational load, complex derivation processes, and limited applicability conditions made it difficult to apply them practically in engineering. Therefore, this study improves upon existing refined creep algorithms by proposing two new calculation methods: the trapezoidal method and the difference method. The study shows that when calculating creep under different conditions, the proposed methods only require adjustments to certain elements in the calculation model, without the need to re-derive the creep calculation formula; this thus provides a convenient solution for creep calculation under varying operating conditions. Compared to the traditional numerical recursive method, the proposed methods significantly reduce computational effort; compared to the midpoint integration method, the proposed methods offer broader applicability. Under different calculation conditions, both methods exhibit high computational accuracy.
Alternative Splicing Options for Ultra-High-Performance Concrete (UHPC) H-Piles
Authors: Odelola Michael , Khedmatgozar Dolati Seyed Saman , Mehrabi Armin , Garber David
Published: February 2025

Pile splicing is generally considered in construction because of transportation limits, length requirements, construction means and methods, and strength capacity. A major challenge in the use of precast prestressed UHPC piles is the lack of efficient and effective splicing solutions. To address the problem, this study evaluated different pile splicing methods for UHPC H-piles and their constructability. The analysis and design for strength capacity and detailing presented here are based on relevant established guidelines and design codes for UHPC. This study assessed two pile splicing methods: epoxy-bonded dowels and near-surface mounted bars (NSMBs). The analysis demonstrated that the epoxy-bonded dowel method provides a moment capacity that is 127% of the pile moment capacity in the strong direction and 139% of the pile moment capacity in the weak direction. In comparison, the NSMB method achieved 121% in the strong direction and 106% in the weak direction. Both methods developed the established strength capacity requirements. The constructability of both pile splicing options was evaluated to provide practical guidelines for their preparation in preplanned and unplanned situations. The results reported are for 18-inch UHPC H-piles; however, the construction and analytical approach applies to other pile sizes as well. The pile splicing options developed are recommended for further experimental investigations.
Family-Level Impact of Germline Genetic Testing in Childhood Cancer: A Multi Family Member Interview Analysis
Authors: Van Hoyweghen Sophie , Claes Kathleen B. M. , de Putter Robin , Wakefield Claire E. , Van Poucke Marie , Van Schoors Marieke , Hellemans Sabine , Verhofstadt Lesley
Published: February 2025

Objectives: Germline genetic testing is increasingly being integrated into pediatric oncology and a large number of families are interested. Current research on the psychological impact of germline genetic testing is limited by a main focus on individual outcomes in parents or children and little is known about its impact at the family level. Our study addresses that limitation by exploring parents’ lived experiences of how their family—as a whole—is affected by germline genetic testing for cancer predisposition. Methods: In six families who opted for germline genetic testing in the context of cancer predisposition, both parents of six ill children (five boys) with an average age of 9.67 years (SD = 3.77 years) were interviewed individually (N = 12). Germline genetic testing was performed by exome sequencing followed by analysis of a panel of childhood cancer predisposition genes in pediatric cancer patients and their parents. Their experiences were elicited through semi-structured interviews and the data were analyzed using Multi Family Member Interview Analysis. This qualitative study was conducted at Ghent University Hospital in Belgium. Results: The findings demonstrated that while germline genetic testing was generally viewed as a valuable and straightforward step in the child’s oncology trajectory, parents found it difficult to distinguish its impact from the overwhelming stressors of their child’s cancer diagnosis and treatment. However, parents recognized that the testing also significantly affected various family-level processes. Five main themes were identified: talking about germline genetic testing, being together matters (more), differences in coping with germline genetic testing between partners, feelings of guilt and mutual forgiveness, and concerns about the future health of the family. Conclusions: Given the expanded use of germline genetic testing in pediatric oncology, it is critical for clinicians to address the family-level impacts of germline genetic testing. Although families are affected by these issues, they often do not raise them due to the overwhelming challenges posed by the cancer diagnosis and treatment. Proactively addressing these themes could improve the support provided to families undergoing germline genetic testing for cancer predisposition.
On the Conceptualization of the Active Site in Selective Oxidation over a Multimetal Oxide Catalyst: From Atomistic to Black-Box Approximation
Authors: Durán-Pérez José F. , Rivera de la Cruz José G. , Purino Martín , García-Martínez Julio C. , Castillo-Araiza Carlos O.
Published: February 2025

Catalytic reactor engineering bridges the active-site scale and the industrial-reactor scale, with kinetics as the primary bottleneck in scale-up. The main challenge in kinetics is conceptualizing the active site and formulating the reaction mechanism, leading to multiple approaches without clear guidance on their reliability for industrial-reactor design. This work assesses different approaches to active-site conceptualization and reaction-mechanism formulation for selective oxidation over a complex multi-metal catalyst. It integrates atomistic-scale insights from periodic Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations into kinetic-model development. This approach contrasts with the macroscopic classical method, which treats the catalyst as a black box, as well as with alternative atomistic methods that conceptualize the active site as a single metal atom on different catalytic-surface regions. As a case study, this work examines ethane oxidative dehydrogenation to ethylene over the multi-metal oxide catalyst MoVTeNbO, which has a complex structure. This analysis provides insights into the ability of DFT to accurately describe reactions on such materials. Additionally, it compares DFT predictions to experimental data obtained from a non-idealized MoVTeNbO catalyst synthesized and assessed under kinetic control at the laboratory scale. The findings indicate that while the black-box active-site conceptualization best describes observed trends, its reaction mechanism and parameters lack reliability compared to DFT calculations. Furthermore, atomistic active-site conceptualizations lead to different parameter sets depending on how the active site and reaction mechanism are defined. Unlike previous studies, our approach determines activation-energy profiles within the range predicted by DFT. The resulting kinetic model describes experimental trends while maintaining phenomenological and statistical reliability. The corrections required for primary parameters remain below 20 kJ mol⁢−1, consistent with the inherent uncertainties in DFT calculations. In summary, this work demonstrates the feasibility of integrating atomistic insights into kinetic modeling, offering different perspectives on active-site conceptualization and reaction-mechanism formulation, paving the way for future studies on rational catalyst and industrial-reactor design.
Colonic Manometry in Pediatric Patients with Spina Bifida: Results from a Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Shan Albert Yuh Chyuan , Duel Barry , Phillips Timothy , Buchanan Paula , Rodriguez Leonel , Patel Dhiren
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: Patients with spina bifida (SB) commonly experience neurogenic bowel dysfunction, characterized by defecation-related symptoms. While anorectal dysfunction and slow transit constipation (STC) have been implicated, the role of colonic motility in SB remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate colonic motility in SB patients with refractory bowel dysfunction. Methods: This retrospective cohort study included SB patients who failed the repeated optimization of a bowel regimen including stimulant laxatives and subsequently underwent anorectal manometry (ARM), colonic transit time (CTT) studies, or colonic manometry (CM). Diagnostic findings were analyzed alongside treatment outcomes. Results: A total of 13 patients with myelomeningocele were included; one declined further treatment, and 12 underwent treatment optimization, with four achieving bowel continence. Of the five patients who proceeded with advanced motility testing, two had abnormal ARM findings, one of three had abnormal CTT results, and all five had normal CM findings. Conclusions: These findings suggest that anorectal dysfunction or STC may play a larger role in refractory bowel symptoms, while colonic motility appears to be preserved, and this highlights the importance of maximizing conservative therapies, particularly with stimulant laxatives, before pursuing invasive tests or surgical interventions for bowel dysfunction in this population.
Genetic Variation in a Crossing Population of Camellia oleifera Based on ddRAD Sequencing and Analysis of Association with Fruit Traits
Authors: Zhou Lexin , Li Yu , Ye Ling , Li Jiani , Liang Tian , Liu Yanxuan , Xie Weiwei , Xie Yiqing , Chen Shipin , Chen Hui
Published: February 2025

Tea oil is an important high-quality edible oil derived from woody plants. Camellia oleifera is the largest and most widely planted oil-producing plant in the Camellia genus in China, and its seeds are the most important source for obtaining tea oil. In current research, improving the yield and quality of tea oil is the main goal of oil tea genetic breeding. The aim of this study was to investigate the degree of genetic variation in an early crossing population of C. oleifera and identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and genes significantly associated with fruit traits, which can provide a basis for marker-assisted selection and gene editing for achieving trait improvement in the future. In this study, we selected a crossing population of approximately 40-year-old C. oleifera with a total of 330 samples. Then, ddRAD sequencing was used for SNP calling and population genetic analysis, and association analysis was performed on fruit traits measured repeatedly for two consecutive years. The research results indicate that over 8 million high-quality SNPs have been identified, but the vast majority of SNPs occur in intergenic regions. The nucleotide polymorphism of this population is at a low level, and Tajima’s D values are mostly greater than 0, indicating that the change in this population was not suitable for the model of central evolution. The population structure analysis shows that the population has seven theoretical sources of genetic material and can be divided into seven groups, and the clustering analysis results support the population structure analysis results. Association analysis identified significant SNPs associated with genes related to the seed number of a single fruit and seed kernel oil content. Our findings provide a basis for molecular breeding and future genetic improvement of cultivated oil tea.
NGF in Neuropathic Pain: Understanding Its Role and Therapeutic Opportunities
Authors: García-Domínguez Mario
Published: February 2025

Nerve growth factor (NGF) is one of the essential components that have been implicated in the pathophysiology of neuropathic pain, a condition that develops following nerve injury or dysfunction. This neurotrophin is critical for the survival and maintenance of sensory neurons, and its dysregulation has been implicated in the sensitization of pain pathways. NGF interacts with its receptor TrkA and p75NTR to activate intracellular signaling pathways associated with nociception and the emergence of allodynia and hyperalgesia. Therapeutic approaches employing neutralizing antibodies and molecule inhibitors have been highly effective at both preclinical and clinical levels, hence giving hope again for the use of NGF as an important biomarker and therapeutic target in the management of neuropathic pain. By exploiting the unique properties of NGF and its interactions within the nervous system, new therapeutic modalities could be designed to enhance efficacy while minimizing side effects. In conclusion, taking advantage of the multifaceted dynamics of NGF could provide effective pain management therapies to finally respond to the unmet needs of patients experiencing neuropathic pain.
Meroterpenoids from Terrestrial and Marine Fungi: Promising Agents for Neurodegenerative Disorders—An Updated Review
Authors: Dimitrova Daniela , Dimitrova Simeonka , Kehayova Gabriela , Dragomanova Stela
Published: February 2025

Background: Meroterpenoids represent a remarkably diverse class of natural secondary metabolites, some of which are synthesized via terpenoid biosynthetic pathways. Over the past ten years, these compounds have gained interest because of their wide range of biological activities, such as anti-cholinesterase, COX-2 inhibitory, antibacterial, antiviral, antidiabetic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antineoplastic, and cardioprotective properties. This review aims to consolidate the recognized neuroprotective effects of meroterpenoids from marine and terrestrial fungi. Methods: Data compiled from several databases, including PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, and Google Scholar, include articles published since 2000 using keywords such as “neuroprotective”, “fungi”, “mushroom”, “marine sponge”, “neurodegeneration”, and “dementia” in connection with “meroterpenoids”. Results: Meroterpenoids modulate different cell signaling pathways and exhibit different and often combined mechanisms of action to ameliorate neuronal damage and dysfunction. Reported activities include anti-cholinesterase, antioxidant, BACE1 inhibition, and anti-inflammatory activities, all of which have potential in the treatment of dementia associated with neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s. Conclusions: Meroterpenoids have the potential to be developed as effective tools for neuropathological diseases. Ongoing research to elucidate the various neuroprotective pathways remains essential and requires further investigation.
Characterization of Syphilitic Chorioretinitis as a White Dot Syndrome with Multimodal Imaging: Case Series
Authors: Contento Robert J. , Gupta Neha , Breazzano Mark P.
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: To investigate the role of multimodal imaging, including ultra-widefield fundus autofluorescence (UWFAF), in diagnosing and monitoring syphilitic chorioretinitis, focusing on the detection of placoid appearance and white dots/spots. We aim to classify syphilitic chorioretinitis as a white dot syndrome, given evident features in the context of recent case reports and previously unavailable multimodal imaging. Methods: This single-institution study was conducted as a consecutive, observational case series. Five eyes from three patients were diagnosed with syphilitic chorioretinitis using multimodal imaging, including ultra-widefield pseudocolor fundus photography and intravenous fluorescein angiography, UWFAF, and swept-source optical coherence tomography, upon laboratory results. Results: In all five eyes with serologically confirmed syphilitic chorioretinitis, UWFAF revealed hyperautofluorescent white dots and spots scattered in the fundus, a finding minimally apparent with fluorescein angiography. Two eyes did not show evidence of classic placoid lesions. The hyperautofluorescence resolved after standard neurosyphilis treatment with intravenous course of penicillin. Conclusions: The presence of dots and spots identified through UWFAF may indicate syphilitic chorioretinitis and support its classification as a white dot syndrome. Based on the presence of hyperautofluorescent placoid lesions in some but not all cases with dots and spots, this study highlights the utility of multimodal imaging, including the more recent availability of UWFAF, in diagnosing syphilitic chorioretinitis. Future research is needed to determine whether the dots and spots in syphilitic chorioretinitis represent direct spirochete infiltration or a secondary inflammatory response.
Monochorionic Diamniotic Twins with Sex Discordance: Case Series
Authors: Sala Valentina , Spaccini Luigina , Faiola Stefano , Casati Daniela , Laoreti Arianna , Tollenaar Lisanne S. A. , Lopriore Enrico , Lanna Mariano M.
Published: February 2025

Background and Clinical Significance: Ultrasonographic diagnosis of twin pregnancies has become routine, with chorionicity playing a crucial role in assessing associated risks. Traditionally, monochorionic (MC) twins were believed to derive from a single zygote, ensuring sex concordance. However, recent cases of dizygotic monochorionic (MCDZ) twins challenge this paradigm. In this paper, four cases of MCDZ twins with sex discordance are described. Case presentation: Case 1 and case 2 describe two spontaneous MC/diamniotic twin pregnancies in which sex discordance between twins was attributed to blood chimerism. Case 3 is about a MC/diamniotic twin pregnancy derived from a single blastocyst transfer after in vitro fertilization (IVF), and that was complicated by twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome, with zygosity testing confirming the dizygosity. Case 4 is a twin anemia polycythemia sequence diagnosed after birth in twins considered dichorionic during pregnancy (due to sex difference) and defined as monochorionic after placental examination. Conclusions: The prevalence of monochorionic dizygotic (MCDZ) twins remains uncertain, and many cases likely go unnoticed, particularly when twins are of the same sex. In twin pregnancies, determining chorionicity during the first-trimester ultrasound (US) is critical. Accurate identification of monochorionicity is essential for managing potential complications. Careful verification of sex concordance between twins is necessary. In cases of sex discordance, amniocentesis is required for karyotype evaluation and zygosity testing.
Diet and Environmental Sustainability: A Review of Australian Evidence
Authors: Ridoutt Bradley
Published: February 2025

Evidence to inform the incorporation of environmental sustainability into public health nutrition policy and dietetics practice needs to be relevant to the local dietary, cultural, environmental, and food system context. Global recommendations and evidence from other countries may not be directly applicable. As this information is scattered across multiple research publications in Australia, a systematic review was undertaken to consolidate evidence and identify practical recommendations. Following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines, the search strategy sought to identify studies based on Australian dietary intake data obtained by surveys combined with an environmental assessment. Theoretical or conceptual studies were deemed out of scope. Included studies were grouped for synthesis based on content relating to total dietary energy intake, nutrient adequacy, foods and food groups, and dietary patterns. Out of 765 records, 14 studies met the eligibility criteria. These studies addressed a variety of research questions using a variety of modelling approaches and environmental indicators. Current evidence suggests encouraging consumption of nutrient-dense foods, especially those that enhance satiety, along with discouraging consumption of nutrient-poor processed foods that contribute little to satiety and can lead to excessive dietary energy intake. Limiting total intake or diversity of protein-rich foods can increase risks of inadequate intake of micronutrients. For lower environmental impact dietary patterns, intake of vitamins A, B6, and B12, and minerals Ca, Mg, Se, and Zn can be below estimated average requirements. The practical implication is that foods that are rich and bioavailable sources of these nutrients need to be prioritized in any strategy to reduce dietary environmental impacts.