bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
que há de especial na proteção dos mananciais? Um estudo sobre as Áreas de Proteção Especial – APEs – do Eixo Sul da Região Metropolitana de Belo Horizonte
Authors: Euclydes Ana Carolina Pinheiro
Published: December 2022

Pouco mencionada nos estudos sobre as unidades de conservação, a Área de Proteção Especial – APE – pode ser considerada uma tipologia de áreas protegidas oriunda da Lei Federal nº 6.766, de 1979, referente ao Parcelamento do Solo Urbano, que permanece à margem da política ambiental mineira. Para compreender as dinâmicas social, política e administrativa envolvidas na história dessa tipologia, este estudo se debruça sobre as APEs instituídas, na década de 1980, na porção sul da Região Metropolitana de Belo Horizonte – RMBH. A partir de revisão bibliográfica e consultas a agentes envolvidos na criação e na gestão das áreas, desvendam-se algumas das relações que Estado e empresa de saneamento estabelecem com as referidas áreas. Nessa porção da metrópole, marcada pela grande concentração fundiária por parte das empresas mineradoras, pela intensa atividade imobiliária e pelas características de elitização e segregação espacial, as APEs possuem limites imprecisos, tanto em campo quanto nas normas que as criaram, o que permitiu que uma série de atividades impactantes ali tomassem lugar. A particular trajetória da tipologia aponta para a vulnerabilidade de nossas áreas protegidas como um todo.
Delimitação, caracterização e tipologia das veredas do Parque Estadual Veredas do Peruaçu
Authors: Alencar-Silva Thiago , Maillard Philippe
Published: December 2022

A presença das veredas justificou a criação do Parque Estadual Veredas do Peruaçu – PEVP na região norte de Minas Gerais. Neste trabalho, uma metodologia é apresentada para delimitação do ambiente de vereda e classificação dos seus estratos fitofisionômicos. Uma nova chave de classificação dos diferentes tipos de veredas é também proposta, uma vez que as veredas do PEVP não são homogêneas. A abordagem metodológica baseia-se em técnicas de processamento digital de imagem de satélite (segmentação e classificação de imagem) e coleta de dados de campo. Os resultados obtidos nesta pesquisa apontam para a delimitação de 58,8% das veredas da região do PEVP e para um sucesso de classificação de seus estratos fitofisionômicos de 73,5%.
discussão do antiurbanismo no Brasil colonial
Authors: Matos Ralfo
Published: December 2022

Esse ensaio discute o antiurbanismo no Brasil colonial com base em opiniões, nem sempre convergentes, de clássicos da literatura como Sérgio Buarque de Holanda, Celso Furtado, Goulart Reis Filho e Gilbert Freyre contrapostas a novas ideias sobre o significado de assentamentos densos no passado pré-industrial. Para tanto, valoriza-se o poder colonial, a atividade comercial e a população moradora em núcleos de povoamento precários, mas que articulavam territorialmente a rede urbana que se esboçava.
Análise espacial do sistema de tráfego no Campus Pampulha da UFMG
Authors: Franco Valéria Soares de Melo , Saadi Allaoua , Machado Maria Márcia Magela
Published: December 2022

Este artigo aborda a aplicação de métodos de análise espacial como subsídio à avaliação do sistema de tráfego no Campus Pampulha da UFMG. Para o desenvolvimento da metodologia foi montada uma base de dados georreferenciados composta por imagens e bases cartográficas, dados populacionais, dados sobre estocagem de veículos, dados de contagem volumétrica de veículos e de origem/destino (O/D). Os dados foram tratados para a aplicação de um modelo para o cálculo de viagens geradas relativas a cada um dos prédios do Campus. Os resultados associados a um sistema estruturado em uma rede de interações espaciais – uma geo-rede - possibilitaram análises baseadas na geração de áreas de influência, utilizando algoritmos de rede e de matriz de adjacência. Para as análises foram utilizados o método de Polígonos de Voronoi e recursos disponíveis em modelos de análise de rede com a finalidade de estabelecer a relação entre oferta e demanda nos estacionamentos, localizar e distribuir o tráfego nas vias. Os resultados das análises permitiram identificar pólos de conflitos e suas interferências no sistema; regiões de disputa por estacionamento; locais onde há ociosidade de vagas e outros onde a demanda é maior que a oferta; vias e trechos de vias com os respectivos volumes de tráfego e a classificação em relação à intensidade de tráfego; e a determinação de áreas de sobrecarga do sistema viário.
Seca no nordeste e a transposição do rio São Francisco
Authors: Soares Edmilson
Published: December 2022

A seca no Nordeste brasileiro se concentra em uma área conhecida como Polígono das Secas, caracterizada pelo clima semiárido, chuva irregular e por um amplo quadro de subdesenvolvimento socioeconômico. Uma das soluções apontadas para a superação dessa problemática é a da transposição do rio São Francisco, que levaria água à população carecida, promovendo o desenvolvimento regional. O assunto é cercado de polêmicas, sobretudo de natureza política-ambiental, e divide opiniões. É sentida também a necessidade de uma gestão integrada e sustentável de recursos hídricos.
Comunidades Rurais (mas nem tanto)
Authors: Gomes Ivair , Cândido Ferreira Arlon , Corrêa Silveira Anna Cristina , Cristina Resende Fernanda
Published: December 2022

A falta de uma metodologia clara para definir o que é urbano e o que é rural faz com que algumas comunidades no entorno da cidade de São João DelRei-MG sofram consequências negativas, visto que as políticas públicas nem sempre são direcionadas de acordo com a característica de cada uma delas. Para saber se essas comunidades são realmente rurais ou urbanas foi proposta uma metodologia para definir critérios de diferenciação. Critérios são regras que permitem dar fundamentação necessária para alcançar os resultados dessa pesquisa. O melhor critério encontrado foram às atividades ocupacionais desenvolvidas por seus moradores, já que são eles que definem o grupo social. Entende-se que o espaço geográfico é um espaço social. Sendo assim, as atividades desenvolvidas por seus moradores caracterizarão seus grupos sociais e poderão ser caracterizadoras de seus espaços. Como conclusão apreendeu-se que apenas três, das sete comunidades pesquisadas, mantém características de espaços rurais, enquanto as outras possuem majoritariamente características urbanas, mesmo todas elas estando equidistantes da sede municipal. Ou seja, neste caso, à distância, o tamanho, os aspectos morfológicos e a densidade demográfica não foram critérios adequados para distinguir comunidades rurais de comunidades urbanas. O melhor critério de distinção encontrado para essa área foi o levantamento das atividades ocupacionais de seus moradores.
Perspectivas para o reaproveitamento de rejeitos da mineração de ferro como materiais de construção
Authors: Andrade Luana Caetano Rocha de , Marques Eduardo Antonio Gomes , Peixoto Ricardo André Fiorotti
Published: December 2022

Fatores como aumento da demanda mundial por minério de ferro, decréscimo da qualidade do minério extraído e uma maior consideração sobre os impactos associados à disposição final de rejeitos têm motivado estudos que visam o reaproveitamento dos materiais contidos em barragens de rejeito da mineração de ferro. Neste cenário, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar as perspectivas para o reaproveitamento de rejeitos da mineração de ferro como materiais de construção alternativos. Para tanto, apresenta-se a caracterização granulométrica e química de rejeitos da mineração de ferro do Quadrilátero Ferrífero, coletadas em três barragens, estabelecendo-se um paralelo com as características normalmente exigidas para alguns materiais na construção civil. Os resultados apontam que os rejeitos exibem características e propriedades semelhantes às requeridas para diferentes materiais de construção no Brasil. Os principais usos avaliados foram a incorporação no cimento, fabricação de concretos, argamassas e cerâmicas e utilização em obras de pavimentação, tendo sido constatado um cenário bastante propício para aplicação dos rejeitos da mineração de ferro como materiais da construção civil.
Uso de imagens Rapideye e análise multicritério na construção de traçados para o contorno sul do rodoanel de Belo Horizonte
Authors: Miranda Giovanni Candido , Ramos Julio Ramissés Ladeia , Pena Marcilla Silva , Elmiro Marcos Antônio Timbó
Published: December 2022

O presente artigo busca demonstrar a importância do uso de imagens orbitais de média resolução aliadas a análise multicritério (AMC) no auxílio à tomada de decisão e análises de impactos decorrentes de projetos de infraestrutura viária. A utilização de imagens RapidEye na construção de mapas de cobertura do solo com um maior nível de detalhamento se justifica pela sua resolução espacial de 6,5 metros (nadir) e pixel de 5 metros (ortorretificado), o que se mostrou fundamental na construção de um modelo voltado à avaliação de possíveis traçados para o Rodoanel Sul de Belo Horizonte. Foi testado no modelo o método de classificação de imagem supervisionada MaxVer, aliado à classificação por árvore de decisão, além de um mapa de declividade gerado a partir de um modelo digital de elevação (SRTM 30 metros). Foi construído, ao final, um modelo baseado em análise multicritério que recebe a atribuição de diferentes pesos para as classes de uso do solo e declividade, gerando assim diferentes traçados para o Rodoanel Sul de Belo Horizonte.
“Guerra Acadêmica no Campo da Geografia”
Authors: Smith Neil , Coscioni Fernando José
Published: December 2022

Depois de modesta, porém, otimista expansão nos anos 1940, o programa de geografia na Universidade de Harvard foi, repentinamente, finalizado em 1948, desencadeando uma “guerra acadêmica no campo da geografia” amplamente publicizada. Foi um baque severo para a disciplina, não apenas por causa da posição de Harvard na educação superior, mas também porque, no decorrer da finalização, o Presidente da Universidade de Harvard sugeriu que a geografia não era um tema universitário apropriado. A história disciplinar do episódio de Harvard é dominada por apreciações orais e discussões de personalidades, entretanto, uma reconstrução arquivística mais distanciada dos eventos é necessária hoje, para recuperar o que claramente ocorreu e, dessa forma, possibilitar que nós o entendamos menos defensivamente. Por qualquer que seja o papel de personalidades específicas, e Isaiah Bowman parece ter sido mais decisivo do que geralmente é reconhecido, há uma questão mais ampla referente à vulnerabilidade da geografia, em Harvard e em todo lugar. No decorrer do término e da reconsideração da geografia em Harvard, várias questões chave emergiram a respeito da efetividade da disciplina, e elas ainda são relevantes hoje. Esta é, principalmente, uma reconstrução histórica e, consequentemente, também aborda temas de relevância contemporânea. Pois pode ser que hoje, assim como em Harvard em 1948, a própria disciplina carregue alguma responsabilidade pelos fracassos que sucedem.
Overestimation of vocal characters in Suboscine taxonomy (Aves: Passeriformes: Tyranni): causes and implications
Authors: Raposo Marcos A. , Höfling Elizabeth
Published: December 2022

The difference in treatment of vocal features in Oscines and Suboscines passerine birds characterizes a large portion of the current studies on their taxonomy. In the former taxon, vocalization is supposed to be molded by learning, and consequently is not regarded as taxonomically informative. In the latter, a strong emphasis is given to vocalization because it supposedly reflects the genetic structure of populations. This paper reviews the various assumptions related to this difference in treatment, including the overestimation of the vocal characters in suboscine alpha taxonomy due to the alleged importance of vocalization under the framework of the species mate recognition system. The innate origin of suboscine vocalizations remains to be rigorously demonstrated and the use of vocalization as “super-characters” is prejudicial to bird taxonomy. Despite the possibility of being learned, vocalization should also be used in the taxonomic studies of oscine passerines.
Levantamento florístico das plantas empregadas na arborização do campus da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte-MG
Authors: Lombardi Julio Antonio , Morais Patrícia Oliveira
Published: December 2022

A floristic survey of tree species cultivated in the Campus of the Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG) found 187 species, belonging to 52 families. Among the species found, 47% are representatives of the Minas Gerais native flora (88 species). The results show great diversification of the trees planted in the campus streets, with the majority not being found in other urban metropolitan areas of Belo Horizonte.
Thelypteris subg. Amauropelta (Kunze) A.R. Sm. (Thelypteridaceae – Pterophyta) in the state of São Paulo, Brazil
Authors: Salino Alexandre , Semir João
Published: December 2022

This is a floristic survey of Thelypteris subg. Amauropelta (Thelypteridaceae) in the state of São Paulo. Twenty two species are recognized. Descriptions for the subgenus and species, an identification key, as well as geographical distributions, illustrations and comments are provided.
Caruya Linnavuori & DeLong, 1978 (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae): primeiro registro no Brasil e descrição de uma nova espécie.
Authors: Zanol Keti M. R.
Published: December 2022

Caruya aculeata sp. n. is described and this genus is reported for the first time in Brazil.
Synonymic note on Epicharis (Triepicharis) Moure 1945 (Hymenoptera: Apidae)
Authors: Vélez Danny , Silveira Fernando A.
Published: December 2022

The characters distinguishing the two species currently recognized in the subgenus Triepicharis Moure, 1945 are re-evaluated on specimens collected across their ranges. As a result, Epicharis (Triepicharis) schrottkyi Friese, 1900 is proposed to be a junior synonym of E. (T.) analis Lepeletier, 1841, making the subgenus monospecific.

Key words: Centridini, Neotropics, Oil bee, Specific variation, Taxonomy, Wild bee.
Massive Online Open Courses: Features for Understanding and Learning
Authors: Lachaud Léa , Tijus Charles
Published: December 2022

Massive Online Open Courses (MOOCs) are based on digital cognitive technologies that serve the education of the greatest number by promoting understanding and learning. Combined with appropriate functionalities, methods, and procedures, MOOCs may become Smart Things with intelligent devices at the service of learners. This article aims to introduce to the education community a method for defining and evaluating the exemplary nature of MOOCs as Smart Things that have a user-centric design based on utility, acceptability, accessibility, usability, and ergonomic criteria. The procedure implemented in the following three-phase study is a Human Centered Design based co-construction of an exemplary MOOC for user-learners and designers. In the first phase, a brainstorming study is carried out to define the exemplary MOOC as a Smart Thing by collecting and establishing indicators according to their contribution to the exemplary MOOC. In the second phase, the construction of evaluation tools is studied to assess the exemplary nature of the MOOC by testing 29 indicators and their weights. The third phase is for a focus group study about the evaluation of the learnability of MOOCs produced by learners and designers’ cooperation. The results of the study lead to a series of recommendations aimed at promoting the design of exemplary MOOCs.
EFEKTIFITAS CHIN TUCK EXERCISE TERHADAP PENINGKATAN AKTIFITAS FUNGSIONAL CERVICAL PADA PEMBATIK
Authors: Hasmar Wanti , Sari Indah Permata
Published: December 2022

Nyeri leher merupakan masalah yang umum ditemukan dua dari tiga orang akan mengalaminya selama hidup, 10% dari semua orang akan mengalami nyeri leher dalam satu bulan. Cedera/proses penyakit pada struktur leher akan menghasilkan spasme otot dan hilangnya fungsi gerak. Chin tuck exercise merupakan salah satu bentuk latihan penguatan yang digunakan untuk otot deep flexor cervical yang terdiri dari otot longus capitis, longus coli. Latihan strengthening berguna untuk meningkatkan fungsi dan kenerja otot. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui efektivitas pemberian chin tuck exercise terhadap nyeri dan peningkatan aktifitas fungsional cervical pada pembatik di seberang Kota Jambi. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah eksperimental dengan rancangan pre test dan post test group design. Alat ukur yang digunakan adalah VAS (Visual Analogue Scale) dan Neck Disability Index Qustionnare (NDI). Hasil penelitian terapi Chin Tuck Exercise mempunyai nilai p=0,038 (p<0,05) artinya ada pengaruh yang bermakna terapi Chin Tuck Exercise terhadap peningkatan aktifitas fungsional pada pembatik. Kesimpulan: chin tuck exercise efektif terhadap peningkatan peningkatan aktifitas fungsional pada pembatik.
An Immersive Virtual Reality Platform Integrating Human ECOG & sEEG: Implementation & Noise Analysis
Authors: Paschall Courtnie , Rao Rajesh P.N. , Hauptman Jason , G. Ojemann Jeffrey , Herron Jeffrey
Published: December 2022

 Virtual reality (VR) offers a robust platform for  human behavioral neuroscience, granting unprecedented  experimental control over every aspect of an immersive and  interactive visual environment. VR experiments have already  integrated non-invasive neural recording modalities such as  EEG and functional MRI to explore the neural correlates of  human behavior and cognition. Integration with implanted  electrodes would enable significant increase in spatial and  temporal resolution of recorded neural signals and the option of  direct brain stimulation for neurofeedback. In this paper, we  discuss the first such implementation of a VR platform with  implanted electrocorticography (ECoG) and stereo?electroencephalography (sEEG) electrodes in human, in-patient  subjects. Noise analyses were performed to evaluate the effect of  the VR headset on neural data collected in two VR-naïve  subjects, one child and one adult, including both ECOG and  sEEG electrodes. Results demonstrate an increase in line noise  power (57-63Hz) while wearing the VR headset that is mitigated  effectively by common average referencing (CAR), and no  significant change in the noise floor bandpower (125-240Hz). To  our knowledge, this study represents first demonstrations of VR  immersion during invasive neural recording with in-patient  human subjects. 
Demonstration of LED distortion mitigation for Vehicular VLC Systems using DNNs
Authors: K S Abhaynarasimha , Vakamulla Venkata Mani
Published: December 2022

In this paper, we present a hardware implementation of a Deep Neural Network (DNN) based receiver for Vehicular Visible Light Communication (VVLC) application. The presented system can combat the effects such as non-linear behavior, attenuation at higher frequencies, ambient noise, and property differences observed in high-power Commercial-off-the-shelf Light Emitting Diodes (LED).
Understanding Foundation of Neural Network: Reasoning-based Approach
Authors: Yoon Jihyeon
Published: December 2022

Background: Currently, Neural network model needs understanding on what derives conclusion by execution. Neural network model imitates human intelligence but it has a limitation of cannot explaining what it is to construct the knowledge which it derives.

Object: By deducing universal framework from existing neural network models, common reasoning that regulates the intelligence that derives from the models would be introduced.

Method: Starting from minimizing model's bias, integrative method of understanding how neural network takes place in numerical ordinals and cardinals would be introduced. After that, explanation of intelligence by neural network would be described.

Result: Foundation of artificial neural network intelligence is an optimization with a grid of minimized error from ground truth.
A Fiber-Optic Array Spectrometer with Parallel Multichannel Optical Lock-in Detection and its Application to In Situ Lighting Measurements
Authors: Martinsons Christophe , Picard Nicolas , Carrell Samuel
Published: December 2022

This paper describes a new optical spectroscopy instrument achieving lock-in detection in all its spectral output channels in a parallel and simultaneous fashion.  It is based on two identical compact array spectrometers working in phase quadrature thanks to optical modulators synchronized with an external reference signal.

In the application example, the optical lock-in spectrometer was used to perform spectral irradiance measurements with commercial LED lamps exhibiting temporal light modulation at different frequencies. A remote sensing optical device was designed to measure from a distance the temporal luminous waveform of a specific LED lamp and send it to the reference input of the optical lock-in spectrometer. When the lamps were operating together on top of a large continuous luminous background, the optical lock-in spectrometer successfully retrieved the respective spectral irradiance distributions and color parameters of each lamp, allowing their characterization to be performed independently of the other light sources illuminating the sensor during the measurements.

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A fiber optic array spectrometer with parallel multichannel optical lock-in detection and its application to in situ lighting measurements
Authors: Martinsons Christophe , Picard Nicolas , Carrell Samuel
Published: December 2022

Lock-in detection is a well-established technique to measure a modulated electrical signal in the presence of noise and large background signals. Commercially available lock-in amplifiers are not adapted to detector arrays such as used in modern compact optical spectrometers. In this case, performing lock-in detection requires a parallel multichannel processing of all spectral channels simultaneously.

This paper describes an optical lock-in spectrometer featuring parallel and multichannel lock-in detection. It is based on two compact array spectrometers working in phase quadrature thanks to a wideband optical modulator assembled using standard optical components.

In the application example, irradiance and illuminance lock-in measurements were performed on commercial LED lamps exhibiting temporal light modulation at different frequencies. A remote sensing optical device was designed to measure from a distance the temporal luminous waveform of a specific LED lamp and send it to the reference input of the optical lock-in spectrometer. When these lamps were operating together on top of a large continuous luminous background up to 30 times more intense, the optical lock-in spectrometer successfully retrieved the respective spectral irradiance distributions and color parameters of each lamp, allowing their characterization to be performed independently of the other light sources illuminating the sensor during the measurements.
Estimation of the effective irradiance and bifacial gain for PV arrays using the maximum power current
Authors: Abe Caio Felippe , Dias João Batista , Notton Gilles , Faggianelli Ghjuvan Antone , Pigelet Guillaume , Ouvrard David
Published: December 2022

Manuscript Version 3 - accepted by the IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics. 

The final version is available at https://doi.org/10.1109/JPHOTOV.2023.3242117

Abstract: Bifacial photovoltaic modules are able to convert the solar radiation reaching their front and rear-sides, which means that more electricity can be produced using the same array area as monofacial modules with similar ratings. In some locations, the cost per power unit for such a technology has already become cost-competitive with conventional monofacial modules. The so-called effective irradiance and the bifacial gain are useful metrics, respectively, to assess the solar resource and the performance of bifacial arrays. To calculate the effective irradiance, studies previously published employ rear-side irradiance measurements, whereas to compute the bifacial gain, other works make use of monofacial modules with rating similar to those of the bifacial modules under analysis. In this paper, a straightforward method is presented, allowing to calculate the effective irradiance from the maximum power current, and to calculate the bifacial gain using a power scaling relation. The proposed method was experimentally tested using an outdoor platform with a dual-axis tracking system with bifacial modules. The effective irradiance calculated using the novel method presented nRMSE of 2.88 %, relative to the results obtained using the consolidated method. The bifacial gains obtained were 6.24 % and 6.69 %, respectively, using the proposed and traditional calculation methods. The procedure presented in this study might be useful for the quantification of the effective irradiance and the bifacial gain for PV installations which do not have extensive monitoring hardware. 
PENGEMBANGAN BAHAN AJAR DENGAN METODE PQ4R UNTUK MENANAMKAN KEMAMPUAN PEMAHAMAN KONSEP MATEMATIS
Authors: Asyhara Suryatul Aini , Yuniarti Tina , Asmiati Asmiati
Published: December 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan bahan ajar matematika denganmetode PQ4R untuk menanamkan kemampuan pemahaman konsep matematis siswa. PQ4R adalah metode pembelajaran yang dilakukan dengan kegiatan membaca. Kegiatan dalam proses pembelajarannya yaitu preview, question, read, reflect, recite dan review. Kemampuan pemahaman konsep matematis kemampuan siswa dalam menerjemahkan, menafsirkan, dan menyimpulkan suatu konsep matematika.Sabjek dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas VIII B SMP Daarul Ma’arif tahun pelajaran 2016/2017 yang memiliki karakter berpikir menengah ke bawah. Data penelitian diperoleh melalui lembar observasi, dan wawancara. Hasil penelitian menunjuka bahwa pengembangan bahan ajara matematika dengan metode PQ4R efektif jika bahasa yang digunakan jelas, dibuat keterangan penjelas pada langkah-langkah penyelesaian pada contoh soal, latihan yang dibuat jangan terlalu banyak dan sebaiknya berbentuk soal cerita. Sebagian besar siswa menyukai bahan ajar matematika ini dan bahan ajar ini dapat menanamkan kemampuan pemahaman konsep matematis siswa.
BERPIKIR KRITIS MATEMATIS DENGAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN PENEMUAN
Authors: Efendi Deni , Caswita Caswita
Published: December 2022

Studi ini merupakan kajian teoritis untuk menganalisis peran model penemuan dalam mengembangkan keterampilan berpikir kritis matematis. Terdapat duabuah bahan analisis dalam studi ini, yaitu enam tahap aktivitas dalam model pembelajaran penemuan yang meliputi stimulation, problem statement, data collection, data processing, verification, generalization dan enam buah indikator berpikir kritis matematis yang meliputi menginterpretasi, menganalisis, mengevaluasi, menarik kesimpulan, penjelasan, kemandirian. Melalui langkah langkah yang dilakukan dalam model pembelajaran penemuan, siswa melakukan aktivitas aktivitas yang menunjang keterampilan berpikir kritis, sehingga model pembelajaran penemuan mempunyai peran yang sangat baik dalam mengembangkan keterampilan berpikir kritis siswa.
EFEKTIVITAS SOAL-SOAL KONTEKSTUAL DALAM MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR MATEMATIKA SISWA
Authors: Purwantoro Agung , Rahmawati Ajeng
Published: December 2022

UMathematics is a science that explains concepts ranging from abstract ones to clearly defined ones. This is because mathematics is not derived from observation, but from ideas, processes, and deductive proofs. Therefore, many thinking abilities can be developed while learning mathematics. There are two levels of ability to think mathematics, namely low-level mathematical thinking skills (low-level mathematics thinking skills) and high-level mathematics (high-level mathematical thinking skills). Low-level mathematical thinking skills are more oriented to routine questions, there is no further development for students' self-exploration. Meanwhile, on the students' higher order thinking skills to develop and explore knowledge. There are various kinds of high-level mathematical thinking skills, including analytical skills, problem solving, understanding mathematical concepts, rational thinking, creative thinking, critical thinking, and mathematical connections. These abilities are no longer only oriented to the results and values achieved by students, but how these students construct their knowledge, understand concepts, and even solve problems. High-level mathematical thinking skills have not been widely developed in schools, so students have not been able to think creatively to solve the math problems they face. Efforts to raise the motivation of class XI students at SMA Negeri 1 Natar South Lampung in learning mathematics have been carried out by teachers in their field of study with various kinds ways, such as providing opportunities for students to ask questions, and designing learning in the form of group discussions. The core objectives of learning mathematics in schools are: (1) students are able to use the mathematics they learn in everyday life and in learning other subjects, (2) students form a coherent, critical, logical, creative and attitude mindset. consistent, honest, objective, careful, disciplined. To test the hypothesis proposed in this study, the author uses the t-count formula between tt < t with a significant level of 5%, the value of t = 0.98 < t = 1.76 so that Ho 2 is accepted , then the study shows that the average ability of students in the initial test of mathematical ability before applying contextual practice questions is 61.51, this ability is classified as moderate. After practicing contextual questions, the ability of students' mathematics learning outcomes increased to 65.15, this ability was still classified as moderate, but there was an increase of 65.15 - 61-51 = 3.64. Although this increase is still relatively moderate, from the difference in the numbers it is shown that there is a clear and effective increase.
ANALISIS KEMAMPUAN SISWA DALAM MENYELESAIKAN SOAL-SOAL SISTEM PERSAMAAN LINIER
Authors: Gunarwan Yohanes , Rembulan F
Published: December 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk : (1) mengetahui persentase  siswa kelas VIII yang mengalami kesulitan, (2) mengetahui penyebab kesulitan siswa dalam menyelesaikan soal-soal persamaan linier, (3) mengetahui cara mengatasi kesulitan siswa dalam menyelesaikan soal-soal sistem persamaan linier. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif kualitatif. Populasi penelitian adalah siswa kelas VIII SMP PGRI 1 Pagelaran Pringsewu dengan jumlah 72 siswa dan mengambil 30 siswa sebagai sampel penelitiannya. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, maka dapat disimpulkan : (1) siswa yang mampu menyelesaikan soal system persamaan linier sebanyak 62,99% dan yang mengalami kesulitan sebesar 37,01%, (2) penyebab siswa mengalami kesulitan menyelesaikan soal-soal sistem persamaan linier yaitu diakibatkan : siswa tidak memahami konsep sistem persamaan linier dan menerapkan kedalam sebuah soal, siswa tidak teliti dalam mengerjakan setiap soal yang ada, (3) cara mengatasi kesulitan siswa yaitu : meningkatkan kemampuan siswa dalam memahami konsep sistem persamaan linier dengan memberikan penekanan pada saat menyampaikan materi, lebih banyak melakukan evaluasi berupa latihan-latihan pada setiap akhir kegiatan pembelajaran, dan memberikan tugas rumah untuk mematangkan materi yang telah disampaikan.
PENGEMBANGAN LEMBAR KERJA PESERTA DIDIK BERBASIS ETNOMATEMATIKA BANJAR MATERI SEGIEMPAT DAN SEGITIGA
Authors: Norhaliza Norhaliza , Nurmeidina Rahmatya , Djamilah Soraya
Published: December 2022

This research aims to explain the development process, validity, and practicality of student worksheets containing Banjar ethnomathematics on quadrilateral and triangle material. This type of research is development research, using the Plomp model, which consists of five phases: the initial investigation phase, the design phase, the realization/construction phase, the test phase, the evaluation, and the revision phase, and implementation phase. However, this development only reached the test, evaluation, and revision phases. The research instrument is a validation sheet and a practicality sheet. Three validators assessed aspects of validity 1 lecturer who is experienced in research linking culture and mathematics learning tools, 1 lecturer in geometry courses, and 1 mathematics teacher. The practical element was evaluated by 26 students and one teacher studying this material. The validation results from the validator obtained an index value of 0.77, which is included in the "medium validity" criteria. The results of the practicality test by teachers and students obtained an achievement rate of 92% and were included in the "efficient" measures. Thus, a learning tool is produced as student worksheets containing Banjar culture on quadrilateral and triangle material with proper and practical steps.
PENINGKATAN MINAT BELAJAR DAN KREATIVITAS MELALUI PROJECT BASED LEARNING PADA SISWA KELAS V SDN SARIHARJO
Authors: Yuniharto Bonifatius Sigit , Rochmiyati Siti
Published: December 2022

Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan guna melihat apakah model Pembelajaran Berbasis Proyek dapat digunakan oleh siswa kelas V di SDN Sariharjo untuk meningkatkan minat belajar dan kreativitasnya. Bagian penting dari Penelitian Tindakan Kelas ini adalah perencanaan dan pelaksanaan penelitian itu sendiri. Penelitian ini melibatkan enam belas orang. Metode seperti observasi langsung, kuesioner, dan dokumentasi digunakan untuk mengumpulkan data. Penelitian ini memakai metode analisis data kuantitatif serta kualitatif. Dalam model Pembelajaran Berbasis Proyek, sintaks (1) mendefinisikan pertanyaan/masalah dasar; (2) merancang rencana proyek; (3) mengatur jadwal; (4) memantau kemajuan siswa serta proyek; (5) menilai hasil; (6) mengevaluasi pengalaman dan refleksi dapat meningkatkan minat belajar dan kreativitas siswa. Model Project Based Learning memiliki pengaruh positif pada minat dan kreativitas 10 siswa (62,50 persen) dan 8 siswa (50,00 persen) pada tahap awal pelaksanaan. Lebih dari separuh siswa mempunyai minat belajar yang tinggi, serta tujuh siswa memiliki disposisi kreatif setelah tindakan siklus pertama Empat belas siswa (87,5 persen) pada siklus kedua menunjukkan tingkat minat dan dorongan yang tinggi dalam belajar mereka, dan delapan dari siswa siswa tersebut (50,00 persen) termasuk dalam kategori kreatif.
Developing an Analytical Framework to Evaluate the Implementation of Affirmative Action: A Case of the State of Florida
Authors:   The Korean Association Of Personnel Administration, Kim Sang-Joon , Kim Jung-Jin
Published: December 2022

In this study, we explore the ways to capture the extent to which a given locale embodies the values of affirmative action, i.e. equal employment. In particular this study employs the concept of employment availability to figure out whether firms in a certain locale tend to comply with the affirmative-action guidelines. Given this concept, we define disparity as the proportion of female employees in the total locale population employed, deviated from the availability level. Along with this, we consider a measure of concentration, which refers to the extent to which the employment in a locale is occupied by a certain gender. By combining these two indices, we develop an analytical framework to evaluate the implementation of affirmative action. As an illustration of the analytical framework, we employ the database from the U.S Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC). Specifically, by using the data of the state of Florida, the availability is measured based on demographic statistics; the indices of dispatiy and concentration are calculated; then how the locales of Florida show their implementation of affirmative action is analyzed with these two combined indices. Based on the analyses and from the implications from them, we contend that the analytical framework for measuring the affirmative-action implementation can be used to evaluate how equal employment is achieved; particually, we suggest that this analytical framework is applicable to the Korean context.
Muzealne wystawy narracyjne między pamięcią, historią i polityką
Authors: Ziębińska-Witek Anna
Published: December 2022

Museum narrative exhibitions between memory, history, and politics

The article outlines the state of history museums after the so-called “museum revolution”
in the end of the 20th century. The consequences of changes in exhibiting reach much farther than to only improve the attractiveness of exhibitions with modern means. History museums exist on the border of the official version of history created by professional researchers and the public history being the effect of the workings of non-academic entities. The latter are usually motivated by other purposes (not only wanting to find the truth or popularize): they shape the present using their knowledge about the past, fulfil the current “reason of the state”, execute the historical policy of a given country. As a result, current narrative exhibitions, because of the formal means or expression and the identity model, are often used to manipulate the group awareness and control the auto-image of the community.
Treści ideowe barwy czerwonej w przekazie Jana Długosza o infamii przypisywanej Nałęczom i Zarębom
Authors: Michalski Wojciech
Published: December 2022

Ideological meanings of the colour red in Jan Długosz’s account concerning the infamy attributed to the families of Nałęcz and Zaręba

The article discusses Jan Długosz’s account of the penalties imposed on the members of the Polish families of Nałęcz and Zaręba for their alleged role in the murder of king Przemysł II in 1296 which is found in Annales seu Cronicae Incliti Regni Poloniae. According to the historian’s statement, there existed “fama” which attested that the aforesaid crime had been stigmatized and punished in this a way that the members of both houses neither entered the battle arrays, nor they dared to use red clothes.
The author argues that the question of social exclusion is here expressed by the means
of strict “vestimentary code” which refers to the ideological meanings of the colour red. The analysis of the account begins with the discussion of the sources which mention the involvement of knights from the families of Nałęcz and Zaręba in assassination of the king. Analysed as a group, they testify to the existence of a well-developed tradition, historiographical and probably oral one. This feature, taken into the account together with some internal evidence which Długosz’s account reveals, as well as with the other cases of his denouncing of the unfaithfulness of Polish knights leads the author to conclude that the motif of social exclusion expressed by the means of language of colour was well understood and probably came from the realm of social imagination.
This point is taken further in the analysis of the significance of the colour red in the chivalric culture and in particular among the Polish knighthood. To acknowledge the latter the author discusses the heraldic materials (Klejnoty, Armorial Gelre, Codex Bergshammar, Armorial Lyncenich), Polish late medieval paintings as well as Janko of Czarnków’s account of Casimir the Great’s funeral. It is also argued that the popularity of red in knightly culture is well grounded on much older, Indo-European belief about the colour of warriors. Długosz’s account reflects the long tradition of this idea in Polish knightly culture. It also testifies to the significance of “plays of colours” by means of which the important socio-ideological messages were articulated in the traditional societies.
Plotka i pomówienie jako oręż w walce opozycji z francuskim II Cesarstwem (1852-1870)
Authors: Dobek Rafał
Published: December 2022

Rumour and slander as weapon against the French opposition in the Second Empire (1852–1870)

During the Second Empire, rumour and slander were often used in the political fight.
Obviously, it was more often used by the opposition, especially republican. At the same
time, rumour and slander spread in the country, particularly among peasants, differed much from those spread in the power circles in Paris. The former were thoroughly researched by French historian François Ploux, who identified typical models of rumours appearing in various regions of France. These concerned alleged revolutions in Paris or attempts at the emperor’s life, treasons of nobles and the Church. Ploux thus describes the functioningof both the republican opposition in various departments, and the peculiar bonapartism, related actually to the republicans through their anti-Church or anti-aristocratic beliefs.

In Paris, however, rumours concentrated more on Napoleon III himself, his background,
or private life. The common element was the health of the emperor, actually truly poor in 1865. It can also be clearly seen that these rumours on the declining health of the emperor, just like some others, although spread by the republicans, originated naturally from censorship and lack of reliable information. The same was true about state finances, although here we can see the malicious intent of the authors. The emperor in Paris was also victim to, sometimes justified, rumours used clearly as political means about his background, love affairs, spouse, or collaborators.. The republicans thus consciously created an image of a badly-led and immoral empire, as set against a pure and just future republic.
Wielki Książę Konstanty Pawłowicz – wyzwoliciel Polaków zesłanych w głąb Imperium Rosyjskiego po upadku powstania listopadowego. Zasięg oddziaływania plotki
Authors: Caban Wiesław , Mulina Swietłana
Published: December 2022

The Great Duke Konstantin Pavlovich – the saviour of Poles sent into Russian Empire after the November Uprising. The range of rumour

After the sudden death of Grand Duke Konstantin in June 1831, a new thread was added
to numerous rumours presenting him as the „saviour of the people”. Strange stories were
circulating among many Poles who, as punishment for their participation in the November
Uprising, were sent into exile to various regions of the Russian Empire, mainly to Siberia.
It was claimed that Grand Duke Konstantin did not die, but was preparing to enter the territory of Russia to depose Nicholas I and liberate Poles. He was to enter Russia as a commander of troops formed by the Poles living in exile in France. In addition, he was to receive support from Turkey, China or from the so-called but unidentified “White Arab”. These rumours were disseminated in the 1830s throughout the Russian Empire, but were most often repeated by Polish soldiers exiled to Siberia. The conviction among Poles exiled to Omsk (Western Siberia) that Grand Duke Konstantin was approaching the borders of Russia, assisted by troops from various countries, led to the formation of a conspiracy in 1833, which in consequence was to lead to an armed uprising. Polish conspirators wanted to involve Siberian peoples in this venture and jointly march to St. Petersburg. The conspiracy was suppressed in the bud.

Rumours of all kinds presenting Konstantin Pavlovich as Poles’ liberator, were mainly
spread by soldiers from the lowest layers. Very often those stories about his arrival were
popularized by Russians who also came from the lowest layers of the society. In their opinion, Duke Konstantin was coming to Russia, either by land or by sea, to do three things, namely to regain the throne, free Poles exiled deep into the Russian Empire, and finally to free Russian peasants from serfdom.
Wielkomiejska służba domowa jako siewca plotek oraz obiekt „pańskich pomówień" na ziemiach dawnej Rzeczypospolitej przełomu XIX i XX w.
Authors: Hummel Piotr
Published: December 2022

Urban domestic staff as a source of gossip and an object of slander in the lands of the former Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries

Gossiping, especially among female servants (who constituted more than 90% of the group’s representatives) became a common motif in 19th century literature. Servants kept in touch with their neighbours which allowed them to make friends and create support networks with other servants and tenants. In literature and memoirs, it is the servants who most often play the role of conveying information about life in the neighbourhood, during conversations around the stairwell, at the property gate or at the market. Employers did not always approve of such contacts, because the servants could be revealing their secrets. This would often contribute to a sense of suspicion and tension between servants and their employers. In addition, numerous guidebooks suggested that housewives should not be too intimate with their female employees. Gossiping about their lord or lady may have been the official reason for dismissing a maid. Such dismissals had severe consequences, especially when the employers opted to enter an unfavourable opinion about the maid in her work certificate, which could very much hinder her chances at reemployment.

Employers’ fears of the servants disseminating undesirable information were sometimes
justified. Press articles of the time often described cases of burglary committed by maids’
partners or acquaintances, who were made aware, intentionally or not, of valuables that could be found in a household. Court cases were also described, usually concerning payroll fraud and theft. The servant was the first person to be suspected when something in the house went missing. Often, the maid’s misconduct was obvious, but it was also not uncommon that they were wrongfully accused.

Author examines the role of gossip and slander in the relationship between the servants and their employers on the basis of various sources: literature, memoirs, household guidebooks, press, court records and work certificates, mainly concerning Warsaw, Cracow, and Łódź.
“Piglia il bastone e battila molto bene... allora battila, non con animo irato, ma per zelo e carità dell’anima sua.” La violenza domestica secondo alcune testimonianze medievali
Authors: Głusiuk Anna
Published: December 2022

Domestic violence in the Middle Ages was common and occurred both in families occupying a prominent position in society and those from lower strata. However, a lack of documents from the period prevents us from precisely determining its frequency as well as the number of women who had to suffer at the hands of brutal fathers, husbands or brothers. Taking into account the fact that women were to be totally subordinated to the will of men, any attempt to rebel on the part of the women was immediately nipped in the bud. The ideal wife praised by writers, preachers and moralists at the time was a woman who was humble, submissive and totally subordinated to her husband’s will. Speaking of domestic violence we should not think just about brutal beating of women, but also about psychological and economic violence as well as all kinds of sexual abuses. The present article discusses cases of girls who refused to marry men chosen for them and were often abused by their own parents. A lack of clearly defined limits meant that husbands often used fists or rods, wanting in this way to “teach” their wives appropriate behaviour or “punish” them for their guilt or negligence. Discussing cases where words did not bring about the desired result, preachers from the period, like Francesc Eiximenis or Fra Cherubino, allowed physical violence against women, but they also tried to define the boundaries which, in their opinion, should not be crossed.