bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of Manganese and Heat Treatment on Mechanical Properties in Spheroidal Graphite Cast Iron
Authors: Nobuki Tohru , Aoki Takanori , Hatate Minoru
Published: June 2024

It is well known that the mechanical properties of spheroidal graphite cast iron deeply depend on the volume of pearlite matrix microstructures. Therefore, the theoretical criterion of pearlite matrix nucleation is considered important in this graphite cast iron that to obtain the higher mechanical properties of graphite cast iron, the pearlite stabilizing element such as Mn or Cu is very important. The present work aims to study the influence of manganese (Mn) content and heat treatment on the mechanical properties of 3% or 4% (Solution Strengthened Ferritic Ductile Iron-SSFDI) of silicon (Si) containing spheroidal graphite cast irons. The six 3.6%C–3%Si melts with different chemical compositions from 0.2 to 1.7 mass% of Mn content were produced using a high-frequency induction furnace. The melt was poured into a Y-block CO2 sand mold of 25 or 40 mm in thickness. The microstructure analysis and mechanical testing were performed for as-cast and some heat treatment conditions, such as annealing or air cooling. As a result, the tensile strength had a good relationship with the area fraction of pearlite, over 600 MPa in UTS, and high proof stress for some 3 or 4%Si–Mn series samples in the as-cast condition. By the heat treatment from the unique (α + γ) region, the 3% Si sample showed over 800 MPa and over 10% in elongation. And 4%Si–1.5%Mn (SSFDI) series sample showed over 600 MPa in UTS and over 15% in elongation which was prepared by annealing heat treatment to reduce to less than 5% of the area fraction of pearlite. This study suggests that it can be understood of the correlation between optimizing the heat treatment condition and mechanical properties of SSFDI cast irons.
Fracture mechanisms of selective laser sintered parts manufactured in build direction
Authors: Cronau J. , Krönert M. , Engstler F.
Published: June 2024

Selective laser sintering (SLS) is an additive manufacturing process that, in addition to rapid prototyping, is becoming increasingly popular to produce end-use parts. Predictable mechanical properties of the produced parts through this process is a desired primary goal. It has long been known that the mechanical properties especially the elongation at break of SLS components decrease in the build direction. In various test series with tensile specimen fabricated in build direction by SLS, it was found that, on the one hand, these have a very large scatter of the elongation at break, and, on the other hand, it was noticed that these frequently break outside the test range in the upskin radius. The upskin area describes regions that point in a positive build direction relative to the building plate. The fracture occurs at a point where, due to the specimen cross-section, a lower fracture stress occurs than in the test area of the specimen. This fracture leads to a much lower elongation at break than in the case of specimens that fracture in the test area. This study investigates which mechanism triggers this behavior. It turns out that different roughnesses can be determined in the upskin and downskin radius and different defects can be seen in the fracture surfaces, especially in the edge areas. It cannot be predicted based on surface roughness measurements or surface profiling exactly where, or in which layer the fracture occurs. However, the defects lead to a local stress spike, at which the failure of the specimen begins.
Global Justice Index Report 2023
Authors: Gu Yanfeng , Guo Sujian , Gan Yiqing , Qin Xuan , Qu Wen , Wang Zhongyuan , Zhang Tiantian
Published: June 2024

The Global Justice Index is a multiyear research project based at Fudan Institute for Advanced Study in Social Sciences that assesses the contributions made by each country to achieving greater global justice. We have published results for yeas from 2010 to 2020 in Global Justice Index Report from 2019 to 2022, and are now presenting our fifth year of results, covering data from 2021 in Global Justice Index Report 2023, which is an updated version of previous years’ reports. But, we have been improving our index year by year to with changes that have taken place globally. We have also refined our imputation methodology to better address the challenge of missing data. The report consists of four sections: introduction, findings, main results, and conclusion. In the introduction, we discuss the development of the conceptual framework and evaluative principles to justify our selection of the dimensions and indicators for measurement. Next, in the findings section, we report the data, indicators, and our results for each country for each of the 10 issues we identify, and provide regional comparisons for Asia, Europe, North America, Latin America, Africa, and Oceania. In the following section, we present the main results for the global justice indices, and report the ranking of each country’s contribution to achieving greater global justice. In the final section, we discuss the applications and limitations of the index and potential further research trajectories.
Triple Mixed Integral Transformation and Applications for Initial-Boundary Value Problems
Authors: Wang Chun , Xu Tian-Zhou
Published: June 2024

In this paper, we establish a new integral transformation method for solving the initial-boundary value problems of the partial differential equations. The method is a combined expression mainly based on the triple integral transformation of Laplace and Sumudu. We study the basic properties of the triple Laplace-Sumudu transform, and give the triple Laplace-Sumudu transforms of some basic functions. And as applications, we solve some heat flow equations and wave equations with initial-boundary value conditions by using the method. The results show that the triple Laplace-Sumudu transform is more efficient and useful to deal with these problems.
More than a Third of Coastal Alaska Structures May Be at Risk of Flooding by 2100
Authors: van Deelen Grace
Published: June 2024

A new analysis of flood exposure shows many residential buildings at risk as sea levels rise.
Reinterpretation of Marine Magnetic Anomalies in the Bay of Bengal: Implications for Plate Tectonics During the Mid‐Cretaceous
Authors: Desa Maria Ana , Jacob Jensen , Khan Saif Ali , Carlier Brandis
Published: June 2024

The breakup of India from Antarctica in the Early Cretaceous and subsequent seafloor spreading in the NW‐SE direction initiated the formation of the Bay of Bengal and its conjugate Enderby Basin. Two hypotheses are proposed to explain the evolutionary tectonics between India and Antarctica. One involves a single breakup, while the second invokes another breakup episode. Further, a major reorganization of the plate boundaries in the mid‐Cretaceous caused the spreading center to align E‐W by Late Cretaceous. The tectonics involved in this spreading direction change is unknown and difficult to understand as it occurred in the mid‐Cretaceous, coincident with the Cretaceous Normal Superchron. In the present study, we have generated a revised magnetic isochron map of the Bay of Bengal and used the modulus of its analytic signal to understand the evolutionary tectonics between the two plates, India and Antarctica. Mesozoic magnetic anomalies M12n to M0, and mid‐Cretaceous incursion Q2 (108 Ma) are identified in the western basin of the Bay of Bengal, while Q2, Q1 (92 Ma) and Late Cretaceous isochron A34 are inferred in its eastern basin. Gravity grid reconstructions demonstrate asymmetrical crustal accretion in the conjugate corridors. Fan‐shaped spreading and a southward ridge jump between 108 and 92 Ma in the eastern basin, aided the ∼40° clockwise rotation of the spreading center. The presence of volcanic basement beneath the additional crust suggests on‐axis mode of formation for the Ninetyeast Ridge by 100 Ma. The present study favors the two‐phase breakup model for the evolution of these plates.
Drop impact onto immiscible liquid films floating on pools
Authors: Fudge Ben D. , Cimpeanu Radu , Castrejón-Pita Alfonso A.
Published: June 2024

The interface dynamics of a droplet impacting onto a liquid pool has been well studied, and the common interfacial velocity quantified for the cases when the pool is both the same and a different fluid to the impacting droplet. In this work we investigate, experimentally and computationally, the scenario of a droplet impacting onto a pool of the same fluid coated by a layer of another fluid with various thicknesses. The effect of the film thickness on the penetration velocity of the upper droplet-film interface is measured for experiments and simulations, and carefully compared to theoretical predictions for early-to-moderate timescales in the limiting cases of: (i) zero film thickness, in which the film has no effect and thus behaves like a fluid on same fluid impact, and (ii) infinite film thickness, in which the underlying pool has no effect. For finite layer thickness cases we carefully quantify the transition between the two limiting scenarios, and provide insight into the interfacial and flow quantities of interest, with a robust transitional behaviour observed over a rich parametric landscape. This exploration provides new quantitative insight into the nonlinear behaviour of the multi-fluid systems in newly explored finite thickness regimes, as well as a clear delineation of their effect in the context of the noted distinguished limits, with films of up to one impacting drop diameter in thickness shown to induce meaningful interpretable changes in the resulting post-impact dynamics. We also explore longer timescale features of the lower interface dynamics, revealing comparatively lower velocities and larger film thicknesses as the liquid film viscosity is increased.
Poor self-care practices and contributing factors among adults with type 2 diabetes in Adama, Ethiopia
Authors: Bekele Nardos Tilahun , Habtewold Ephrem Mannekulih , Deybasso Haji Aman , Mekuria Negussie Yohannes
Published: June 2024

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a prominent global health challenge, characterized by a rising prevalence and substantial morbidity and mortality, especially evident in developing nations. Although DM can be managed with self-care practices despite its complexity and chronic nature, the persistence of poor self-care exacerbates the disease burden. There is a dearth of evidence on the level of poor self-care practices and contributing factors among patients with DM in the study area. Thus, this study assessed the proportion of poor self-care practices and contributing factors among adults with type 2 DM in Adama, Ethiopia. An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 404 patients. Self-care practice was assessed by the summary of diabetes self-care activities questionnaires. Binary logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with poor self-care practices. An adjusted odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval was used to assess the strength of associations. The statistical significance was declared for a p-value < 0.05. The proportion of poor self-care practices was 54% [95% CI 49.1, 58.6]. Being divorced (AOR = 3.5; 95% CI 1.0, 12.2), having a lower level of knowledge (AOR = 1.70; 95% CI 1.0, 2.8), being on insulin (AOR = 6.3; 95% CI 1.9, 20.6), taking oral medication (AOR = 8.6; 95% CI 3.0, 24.5), being unaware of fasting blood sugar (AOR = 2.9; 95% CI 1.6, 5.2), not a member of a diabetic association (AOR = 3.6; 95% CI 1.7, 7.5), a lack of social support (AOR = 2.9; 95% CI 1.7, 4.9), and having a poor perceived benefit of self-care practices (AOR = 1.84; 95% CI 1.0, 3.2) were associated with poor self-care practices. Overall, this finding demonstrated that a significant percentage of participants (54%) had poor self-care practices. Being divorced, having a low level of knowledge about diabetes and fasting blood sugar, lacking social support, relying on oral medication, perceiving limited benefits from self-care practices, and not being a member of diabetic associations were identified as independent factors of poor self-care.
Unlocking sustainable livestock production potential in the Colombian Amazon through paddock division and gender inclusivity
Authors: Castro-Nunez Augusto , Buritica Alexander , Holmann Federico , Ngaiwi Mary , Quintero Marcela , Solarte Antonio , Gonzalez Carolina
Published: June 2024

Low-emissions livestock production can be achieved through scaling production systems integrating trees, forages, and livestock within the same area. Such systems are known as silvopastoral production systems (SPS). However, despite SPS reported benefits, adoption rates globally remain low. This paper, therefore, aims to inform land use policy oriented towards increasing SPS adoption. This study intends to capture this by assessing SPS adoption benefits, identifying determinants of SPS adoption, and thus to contribute to policy for scaling low-emissions livestock production. Data was collected on socioeconomic status, livestock farming technical and economic indicators, and farm and paddock practices through farm-level surveys in four municipalities in the Amazon Piedmont of Colombia. Unlike previous studies that assume homogeneous farm management, when in fact, it is heterogeneous, this study assessed SPS adoption determinants using the paddock (n = 2819) as the unit of analysis. This methodological approach is consistent with paddock-level land use decisions taken by farmers based on socioeconomic and biophysical factors such as soil financial resources, type, and topography. The methodological approach allows us to provide new insights into the determinant of adopting SPS and an understanding of intra-farm level land use decisions. The results show that the adoption of SPS at both paddocks and farm levels in Caquetá is low. The main factors associated with higher SPS adoption levels at the paddock level are framed in gender, resources, and knowledge. We observe that women are more motivated to conserve the environment. Cattle paddocks managed by women, smaller in size, and those with more SPS-related projects show a tendency for medium or high SPS adoption. Furthermore, the positive relationship between access to credit and SPS adoption emphasizes the importance of financial resources tailored to SPS projects. Enhancing gender roles, improving access to finance in land use, and providing training programs on SPS systems can contribute to low-emission livestock production in Colombia. This research paper highlights the significance of implementing diverse management strategies and reaching out to farmers not involved in SPS projects. It emphasizes investments in low-emission livestock production, especially for female heads of households. This approach recognizes the broader benefits of SPS, beyond production and financial gains, promoting the division of paddocks and the adoption of SPS.
Full phonon dispersion along the stacking direction in nanoscale van der Waals materials by picosecond acoustics
Authors: Lee Seong-Yeon , Bae Soungmin , Kim Seonyeong , Jung Suyong , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Raebiger Hannes , Yee Ki-Ju
Published: June 2024

Phonon dispersion in crystals determines many important material properties, but its measurement usually requires large-scale facilities and is limited to bulk samples. Here, we demonstrate the measurement of full phonon dispersion along the stacking direction in nanoscale systems by using picosecond acoustics. A heterostructure sample was prepared consisting of layers of hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) sandwiching a thin layer of black phosphorus (BP), within which a strain pulse was generated by photoexcitation and observed with an optical probe in the BP layer. The strain pulse traverses to the few nanometer thick hBN layers, where it propagates to the edge and echoes back, like acoustic waves in Newton’s cradle. The echoes returning to the BP layer provide information on the frequency-dependent time-of-flight and group velocity dispersion of the sample system. The microscopic origin of the photoinduced strain pulse generation and its propagation is revealed from first principles. Phonon frequency combs observed in the Fourier transform spectrum confirm the strain wave round trips and demonstrate the feasibility of determining group velocity dispersion through photoacoustics.
A generalized vector-field framework for mobility
Authors: Liu Erjian , Mazzoli Mattia , Yan Xiao-Yong , Ramasco José J.
Published: June 2024

Given the identification with travel demand and its relevance for transportation and urban planning, the estimation of trip flows between areas is a fundamental metric for human mobility. Previous models focus on flow intensity, disregarding the information provided by the local mobility orientation. A field-theoretic approach can overcome this issue and handle both intensity and direction at once. Here we propose a general vector-field representation starting from individuals’ trajectories valid for any type of mobility. We also show with simplified models how individuals’ choices determine the mesoscopic properties of the mobility field. Distance optimization in long displacements and random-like local exploration are necessary to reproduce empirical field features observed in Chinese logistic data and in New York City Foursquare check-ins. Our framework is able to capture hidden symmetries in mesoscopic urban mobility and opens the doors to the use of field theory in a wide spectrum of applications.
Engineered plants provide a photosynthetic platform for the production of diverse human milk oligosaccharides
Authors: Barnum Collin R. , Paviani Bruna , Couture Garret , Masarweh Chad , Chen Ye , Huang Yu-Ping , Markel Kasey , Mills David A. , Lebrilla Carlito B. , Barile Daniela , Yang Minliang , Shih Patrick M.
Published: June 2024

Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are a diverse class of carbohydrates which support the health and development of infants. The vast health benefits of HMOs have made them a commercial target for microbial production; however, producing the approximately 200 structurally diverse HMOs at scale has proved difficult. Here we produce a diversity of HMOs by leveraging the robust carbohydrate anabolism of plants. This diversity includes high-value and complex HMOs, such as lacto-N-fucopentaose I. HMOs produced in transgenic plants provided strong bifidogenic properties, indicating their ability to serve as a prebiotic supplement with potential applications in adult and infant health. Technoeconomic analyses demonstrate that producing HMOs in plants provides a path to the large-scale production of specific HMOs at lower prices than microbial production platforms. Our work demonstrates the promise in leveraging plants for the low-cost and sustainable production of HMOs.
ADAMTS2 promotes radial migration by activating TGF-β signaling in the developing neocortex
Authors: Kaneko Noe , Hirai Kumiko , Oshima Minori , Yura Kei , Hattori Mitsuharu , Maeda Nobuaki , Ohtaka-Maruyama Chiaki
Published: June 2024

The mammalian neocortex is formed by sequential radial migration of newborn excitatory neurons. Migrating neurons undergo a multipolar-to-bipolar transition at the subplate (SP) layer, where extracellular matrix (ECM) components are abundantly expressed. Here, we investigate the role of the ECM at the SP layer. We show that TGF-β signaling-related ECM proteins, and their downstream effector, p-smad2/3, are selectively expressed in the SP layer. We also find that migrating neurons express a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motif 2 (ADAMTS2), an ECM metalloproteinase, just below the SP layer. Knockdown and knockout of Adamts2 suppresses the multipolar-to-bipolar transition of migrating neurons and disturbs radial migration. Time-lapse luminescence imaging of TGF-β signaling indicates that ADAMTS2 activates this signaling pathway in migrating neurons during the multipolar-to-bipolar transition at the SP layer. Overexpression of TGF-β2 in migrating neurons partially rescues migration defects in ADAMTS2 knockout mice. Our data suggest that ADAMTS2 secreted by the migrating multipolar neurons activates TGF-β signaling by ECM remodeling of the SP layer, which might drive the multipolar to bipolar transition.
Multi-day photochemical evolution of organic aerosol from biomass burning emissions
Authors: Dearden Abraham , He Yicong , Akherati Ali , Lim Christopher Y. , Coggon Matthew M. , Koss Abigail R. , de Gouw Joost , Warneke Carsten , Yee Lindsay D. , Seinfeld John H. , Cappa Christopher D. , Kroll Jesse H. , Pierce Jeffrey R. , Jathar Shantanu H.
Published: June 2024

Our work highlights how organic compounds in smoke particles will undergo physical and chemical transformations in the presence of sunlight as the smoke is transported over long distances.
Highly selective and additive-free Pd(OAc)2/CPP catalyzed hydroaminocarbonylation of alkynes
Authors: Dai Chenghui , Chen Yan , Xu Jiaqi , Zheng Xueli , Chen Hua , Fu Haiyan , Li Ruixiang
Published: June 2024

A completely new cooperative Pd(OAc)2/CPP catalytic system catalyzed the aminocarbonylation of terminal alkynes and various amines to synthesize branched α,β-unsaturated amides in high yields and selectivity without any additives.
Purinyl N-directed aroylation of 6-arylpurine ribo- and 2′-deoxyribonucleosides, and mechanistic insights
Authors: Lakshman Mahesh K. , Malinchak Casina T. , Shank Nathaniel , Neary Michelle C. , Stahl Lothar
Published: June 2024

The purinyl nitrogen atom is an effective metalation director, which in the presence of Pd(OAc)2, t-BuOOH, and aryl aldehydes, leads to acylation of the aryl ring at the C6 position of the purine.
Retinex decomposition based low‐light image enhancement by integrating Swin transformer and U‐Net‐like architecture
Authors: Wang Zexin , Qingge Letu , Pan Qingyi , Yang Pei
Published: June 2024

Low‐light images are captured in environments with minimal lighting, such as nighttime or underwater conditions. These images often suffer from issues like low brightness, poor contrast, lack of detail, and overall darkness, significantly impairing human visual perception and subsequent high‐level visual tasks. Enhancing low‐light images holds great practical significance. Among the various existing methods for Low‐Light Image Enhancement (LLIE), those based on the Retinex theory have gained significant attention. However, despite considerable efforts in prior research, the challenge of Retinex decomposition remains unresolved. In this study, an LLIE network based on the Retinex theory is proposed, which addresses these challenges by integrating attention mechanisms and a U‐Net‐like architecture. The proposed model comprises three modules: the Decomposition module (DECM), the Reflectance Recovery module (REFM), and the Illumination Enhancement module (ILEM). Its objective is to decompose low‐light images based on the Retinex theory and enhance the decomposed reflectance and illumination maps using attention mechanisms and a U‐Net‐like architecture. We conducted extensive experiments on several widely used public datasets. The qualitative results demonstrate that the approach produces enhanced images with superior visual quality compared to the existing methods on all test datasets, especially for some extremely dark images. Furthermore, the quantitative evaluation results based on metrics PSNR, SSIM, LPIPS, BRISQUE, and MUSIQ show the proposed model achieves superior performance, with PSNR and BRISQUE significantly outperforming the baseline approaches, where (PSNR, mean BRISQUE) values of the proposed method and the second best results are (17.14, 17.72) and (16.44, 19.65). Additionally, further experimental results such as ablation studies indicate the effectiveness of the proposed model.
Binary asteroid candidates in Gaia DR3 astrometry
Authors: Liberato L. , Tanga P. , Mary D. , Minker K. , Carry B. , Spoto F. , Bartczak P. , Sicardy B. , Oszkiewicz D. , Desmars J.
Published: June 2024

Context. Asteroids with companions constitute an excellent sample for studying the collisional and dynamical evolution of minor planets. The currently known binary population were discovered by different complementary techniques that produce, for the moment, a strongly biased distribution, especially in a range of intermediate asteroid sizes (≈2–100 km) where both mutual photometric events and high-resolution adaptive optic imaging are poorly efficient.

Aims. A totally independent technique of binary asteroid discovery, based on astrometry, can help to reveal new binary systems and populate a range of sizes and separations that remain nearly unexplored.

Methods. In this work, we describe a dedicated period detection method and its results for the Gaia DR3 data set. This method looks for the presence of a periodic signature in the orbit post-fit residuals.

Results. After conservative filtering and validation based on statistical and physical criteria, we are able to present a first sample of astrometric binary candidates, to be confirmed by other observation techniques such as photometric light curves and stellar occultations.
Kinetic simulations of electron–positron induced streaming instability in the context of gamma-ray halos around pulsars
Authors: Plotnikov Illya , van Marle Allard Jan , Guépin Claire , Marcowith Alexandre , Martin Pierrick
Published: June 2024

Context. The possibility of slow diffusion regions as the origin for extended TeV emission halos around some pulsars (such as PSR J0633+1746 and PSR B0656+14) challenges the standard scaling of the electron diffusion coefficient in the interstellar medium.

Aims. Self-generated turbulence by electron–positron pairs streaming out of the pulsar wind nebula was proposed as a possible mechanism to produce the enhanced turbulence required to explain the morphology and brightness of these TeV halos.

Methods. We perform fully kinetic 1D3V particle-in-cell simulations of this instability, considering the case where streaming electrons and positrons have the same density. This implies purely resonant instability as the beam does not carry any current.

Results. We compare the linear phase of the instability with analytical theory and find very reasonable agreement. The non-linear phase of the instability is also studied, which reveals that the intensity of saturated waves is consistent with a momentum exchange criterion between a decelerating beam and growing magnetic waves. With the adopted parameters, the instability-driven wavemodes cover both the Alfvénic (fluid) and kinetic scales. The spectrum of the produced waves is non-symmetric, with left-handed circular polarisation waves being strongly damped when entering the ion-cyclotron branch, while right-handed waves are suppressed at smaller wavelength when entering the Whistler branch. The low-wavenumber part of the spectrum remains symmetric when in the Alfvénic branch. As a result, positrons behave dynamically differently compared to electrons. The final drift velocity of positrons can maintain a larger value than the ambient Alfvén speed VA while the drift of electrons can drop below VA. We also observed a second harmonic plasma emission in the wave spectrum. An MHD-PIC approach is warranted to probe hotter beams and investigate the Alfvén branch physics. We provide a few such test simulations to support this assertion.

Conclusions. This work confirms that the self-confinement scenario develops essentially according to analytical expectations, but some of the adopted approximations (like the distribution of non-thermal particles in the beam) need to be revised and other complementary numerical techniques should be used to get closer to more realistic configuration.
The open-source sunbather code: Modeling escaping planetary atmospheres and their transit spectra
Authors: Linssen Dion , Shih Jim , MacLeod Morgan , Oklopčić Antonija
Published: June 2024

Atmospheric escape is thought to significantly influence the evolution of exoplanets, especially sub-Jupiter planets on short orbital periods. Theoretical models predict that hydrodynamic escape could erode the atmospheres of such gaseous planets, leaving only a rocky core. Deriving atmospheric mass-loss rates from observations is necessary to check these predictions. One of the ways to obtain mass-loss-rate estimates is to fit transit spectra of the 10 830 Å helium or UV metal lines with Parker wind models. We aim to provide the community with a tool that enables this type of analysis, and present sunbather, an open-source Python code that can be used to model escaping exoplanet atmospheres and their transit spectra. sunbather incorporates the Parker wind code p-winds and the photoionization code Cloudy, with the ability to calculate any currently known spectral tracer, using an arbitrary atmospheric composition. With sunbather, we investigate how the atmospheric structure of a generic hot-Neptune planet depends on metallicity. We find that the mass-loss rate drops by roughly one order of magnitude as we increase the metallicity from solar to 50 times solar. Line cooling by metal species is already important for a solar composition, and is even more so at higher metallicity. We then demonstrate how sunbather can be used to interpret observations of spectral lines that form in the upper atmosphere. We fit the observed helium spectrum of the mini-Neptune TOI-2134 b and show how, even for helium data, the inferred mass-loss rate can change by a factor of up to three, depending on the assumed metallicity.
Apsidal precession in binary asteroids
Authors: Meyer A. J. , Scheeres D. J.
Published: June 2024

While the secondary in a binary asteroid plays an important role in the precession of the mutual orbit, this role has not been thoroughly studied. Given the complex spin-orbit-coupled dynamics in binary asteroids, we used a numerical approach to study the relationship between the secondary’s shape and spin and the apsidal precession rate of the orbit. Using this approach in conjunction with observations of Didymos, we find it is likely that Dimorphos was significantly reshaped as a result of the DART impact, with its new shape more elongated than the pre-impact shape. Finally, we show that non-principal axis rotation of the secondary can lead to a chaotic evolution of the longitude of the periapsis.
Period-luminosity and period-luminosity-metallicity relations for Galactic RR Lyrae stars in the Sloan bands
Authors: Narloch W. , Hajdu G. , Pietrzyński G. , Gieren W. , Zgirski B. , Wielgórski P. , Karczmarek P. , Górski M. , Graczyk D.
Published: June 2024

Context. RR Lyrae stars are excellent tracers of the old population II due to their period-luminosity (PL) and period-luminosity-metallicity (PLZ) relations. While these relations have been investigated in detail in many photometric bands, there are few comprehensive studies about them in Sloan-like systems.

Aims. We present PL and PLZ relations (as well as their counterparts in Wesenheit magnitudes) in the Sloan–Pan-STARSS gP1rP1iP1 bands obtained for Galactic RR Lyrae stars in the vincinity of the Sun.

Methods. The data used in this paper were collected with the network of 40 cm telescopes of the Las Cumbres Observatory, and geometric parallaxes were adopted from Gaia Data Release 3.

Results. We derived PL and PLZ relations separately for RRab and RRc-type stars, as well as for the mixed population of RRab+RRc stars.

Conclusions. To our knowledge, these are the first PL and PLZ relations in the Sloan bands determined using RR Lyrae stars in the Galactic field.
First very long baseline interferometry detection of Fornax A
Authors: Paraschos G. F. , Wielgus M. , Benke P. , Mpisketzis V. , Rösch F. , Dasyra K. , Ros E. , Kadler M. , Ojha R. , Edwards P. G. , Hyland L. , Quick J. F. H. , Weston S.
Published: June 2024

Radio galaxies harbouring jetted active galactic nuclei are a frequent target of very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) because they play an essential role in our exploration of how jets form and propagate. Hence, only a few have not yet been detected with VLBI; Fornax A was one of the most famous examples. Here we present the first detection of the compact core region of Fornax A with VLBI. At 8.4 GHz the faint core is consistent with an unresolved point source. We constrained its flux density to be S0 = 47.5 − 62.3 mJy and its diameter to be D0min ≤ 70 μas. The high values of the measured brightness temperature (TB ≳ 1011 K) imply that the observed radiation is of non-thermal origin, likely associated with the synchrotron emission from the active galactic nucleus. We also investigated the possibility of a second radio source being present within the field of view. Adding a second Gaussian component to the geometrical model fit does not significantly improve the quality of the fit, and we therefore, conclude that our detection corresponds to the compact core of Fornax A. Analysis of the non-trivial closure phases provides evidence for the detection of a more extended flux density, on the angular scale of ∼4000 μas. Finally, the fractional circular polarisation of the core is consistent with zero, with a conservative upper limit being mcirc ≤ 4%.
Innovation in solar energy technologies: Reducing costs and improving efficiency
Authors: Golenishchev-Kutuzov Alexander , Baysaeva Malika , Aguzarova Fatima
Published: June 2024

The transition towards alternative energy sources, particularly solar and wind power, represents a pivotal shift in addressing environmental challenges and resource conservation. This paper explores innovations in the field of alternative energy, emphasizing the role of solar and wind installations as crucial resource-saving factors. By harnessing solar energy through photovoltaic systems and wind energy through turbines, these technologies offer sustainable solutions to meet growing energy demands while mitigating reliance on finite fossil fuel resources.The abstract highlights advancements in solar and wind technologies, including improvements in efficiency, cost reduction, and scalability. It discusses the environmental benefits of renewable energy, such as reduced greenhouse gas emissions and decreased reliance on nonrenewable resources. Additionally, the paper examines the economic implications of investing in solar and wind installations, including job creation, energy independence, and long-term cost savings.Furthermore, the abstract addresses challenges and opportunities associated with the widespread adoption of alternative energy sources. It discusses regulatory frameworks, technological barriers, and the need for continued research and development to maximize the potential of solar and wind power. Moreover, the abstract emphasizes the importance of integrated energy policies and international cooperation to accelerate the transition towards a sustainable energy future.
Rational consumption of resources as a factor in sustainable development of the service sector in modern realities
Authors: Karkh Dmitrii , Abbazova Venera
Published: June 2024

The growing scale of business of Russia’s largest retailers leads to an increase in the need for energy and natural resources. Companies strive to create an optimized management structure to increase competitiveness in the market and ensure the sustainability of the company in the future. The authors analyzed the domestic experience in introducing and implementing programs aimed at rational consumption of resources by service sector enterprises.
Analysis of methods for economic assessment of forest ecosystems
Authors: Starikov Evgeniy , Mekhrentsev Andrey
Published: June 2024

The article provides a detailed analysis of methods for economic assessment of forest ecosystems, starting with the concept of free and inexhaustible forest benefits, widely used in economic practice in the 30s -50s. last century, and ending with a detailed overview of the valuation methods used within the market approach. Based on the analysis and comparison of the content and essence of various approaches and methods for economic assessment of forest ecosystems, it was concluded that the most effective method is the approach of assessing the total economic value. In this connection, it is proposed to use the total economic value of the ecosystem as the main criterion for assessing the value of forest ecosystems of all types.
Social, Labor, and Economic Behavior of Young People in the Context of the Emergence of a Digital Society
Authors: Turekulova Assiya , Mukhambetova Lyazzat , Chimgentbayeva Gulbakyt , Doshan Almagul
Published: June 2024

This scientific article examines the transformative impact of digital society on the social, labour, and economic behaviour of young people. The advent of the digital age has ushered in profound changes in how younger generations interact, work, and engage with the economy. In social behaviour, online social networks have become pivotal, enabling virtual communities and reshaping norms of interpersonal communication. Simultaneously, digital activism has empowered young individuals to advocate for social and environmental causes on a global scale. However, the digital landscape has introduced mental health and well-being challenges, calling for a nuanced approach to its influence. In the labour sector, the rise of remote work and the gig economy has redefined traditional employment models, offering flexibility but posing job security concerns. The necessity for continuous upskilling has emerged as a response to rapid technological advancements. In the economic sphere, young people have embraced online shopping, digital payments, and diverse investment opportunities, marking a shift in consumer and financial behaviours. As the digital society evolves, young individuals must navigate the associated challenges while harnessing opportunities. Equipping them with digital literacy and critical thinking skills is essential to ensuring their successful integration into this dynamic and ever-changing landscape.
Study of the physical and chemical characteristics of soils in Karakalpakstan
Authors: Abdikamalova Aziza , Tanatarov Otkirbay , Seitnazarova Oksana , Allamuratova Anargul , Shamuratova Makhinbanu
Published: June 2024

This study presents a comparative analysis of the chemical and mineralogical properties of soils from two different regions: Amudarya and Karauzyak regions. The article is based on a detailed study and comparison of the main constituent elements such as carbonates, chlorides, sulfates, metal ions and organic components in different soil layers. It was found that the soils of both regions show signs of increasing salinity and acidity with depth, with more pronounced indicators in the Karauzyak region. The influence of these factors on soil agrochemical properties and fertility potential is discussed in relation to cation exchange capacity measurements.The results highlight the need for careful planning of management and agricultural strategies, tailored to the specific conditions of each area, to maintain and improve soil health. Recommendations for the treatment and use of these lands can help improve their productivity and resistance to degradation.
The development of ecological accounting as an informational foundation for environmental management and auditing in the implementation of green technologies
Authors: Popov Alexey
Published: June 2024

The article is dedicated to the analysis of approaches to the establishment and implementation of ecological accounting, providing necessary information for environmental management and auditing during the adoption of green technologies. Contemporary environmental issues shape the trend of green economy development, for which ecological accounting data serves as the information source. Based on the analysis of perspectives from various Russian and international researchers, the definition of ecological accounting is refined and approaches to its establishment and maintenance are scrutinized. The examined approaches, including production-based, regional, strategic, and life cycle analysis based, delineate strengths and weaknesses, necessitating the formation of an integrated methodology of ecological accounting that consolidates financial and non-financial information regarding environmental activities. The proposed methodology of ecological accounting involves six stages, each involving the compilation and synthesis of necessary data on environmental activities for environmental management, facilitating the development of measures to enhance environmental responsibility and fortify environmental sustainability of companies, industries, and regions. The formulated methodology should possess adaptability to changing environmental conditions to ensure timely response and reflection of environmental threats.
The frequency of inspections of economic facilities to reduce risks
Authors: Melyakova O.A. , Kuchumova G.V.
Published: June 2024

Changes in regulatory documents aimed at reducing the burden on employers often lead to quite unpredictable and harmful consequences. Experts note that one of the reasons for the occurrence of emergencies at economic facilities may be weak control (supervision) or its complete absence by state inspections. When working on the array of information, additional risk factors were identified related to the poor quality of training of employees and specialists, violation of deadlines and necessary amounts of work on repair and maintenance of technological equipment, long periods of its depreciation. This set of factors can play a decisive role in initiating the risks of emergency situations and affect the stability of facilities and territories as a whole. In accordance with the regulatory documents, five risk categories are identified: high, significant, medium, moderate, low risk for which the frequency of inspections by state inspections is indicated. The key indicators for the implementation of supervision and control functions are highlighted. The article provides a calculation of the potential risk for agricultural enterprises.
Distribution and quantitative indicators of the brown rat (Rattus norvegicus) in the southern region of Kyrgyzstan
Authors: Atabekov Usan , Abzhamilov Saparbay , Sarymsakova Aichurok , Kudaiberdi K. Zeynegul , Iliyazov Zhoodarbek
Published: June 2024

The range of the new species, the brown rat, is most common in anthropogenic-residential landscapes among the landscapes of the foothill zone of southern Kyrgyzstan, accounting for 46.9±2.07%, with a quantitative indicator of 0.80±0.04 units per trap per day. It has been
proven that in anthropogenic-residential landscapes of the mid-mountain altitude zone, the share is 25.9±1.80%, with a quantitative indicator of 1.04±0.09units per trap per day, and in nut-fruit forest landscapes with an expansion of the range - 15.3±1.54% and 0.13±0.03 units per trap per day.The brown rat (Rattus norvegicus) was first captured in 2000 and identified as a new mammal species in southern Kyrgyzstan.
Oxidation of cubic complex carbides (Ti xVyMoz)C synthesis by electrospark dispersion method with atmospheric oxygen
Authors: Abdulazizov Tilebaldy Adilovich , Satyvaldiev Abduraim Satyvaldievich , Imatali kyzy Kalyskan
Published: June 2024

During the joint electrospark dispersion of titanium with VyMoz alloys in hexane, complex carbides (TixVyMoz)C with a cubic lattice are formed. Assuming that complex carbides (TixVyMoz)C as quasi-binary systems, where complex carbide (VyMoz)C with a cubic structure is dissolved in cubic titanium monocarbide, the composition of complex carbides (Ti0,75V0,05Mo0,20)C and (Ti0,65V0,31Mo0,04)C, formed by electrospark dispersion of Ti-V0,2Mo0,8 and Ti-V0,2Mo0,8 pairs. Using the method of differential thermal analysis, it was shown that the thermal stability against oxidation of complex carbides (TixVyMoz)C, synthesized by joint electrospark dispersion of titanium and the VyMoz alloy, depends on the ratio of metals. Thermal stability against oxidation increases with an increase in the content of titanium and molybdenum in the composition of complex carbides; their resistance to oxidation increases. It has been established that intensive oxidation of complex carbide (Ti0,75V0,05Mo0,20)C occurs at 595oC, and complex carbide (Ti0,65V0,31Mo0,04)C oxidizes at the maximum rate at 520oC.
Innovative Biomaterials in Green Construction: Economic Benefits and Challenges
Authors: Kozlova Elena , Demidova Alena , Edilsultanova Lyalya
Published: June 2024

The integration of biotechnology in green building represents a cutting-edge approach that harnesses biological processes to enhance sustainability and efficiency in construction practices. This abstract explores modern strategies and provides examples of how biotechnology is revolutionizing green building. Biotechnology offers innovative solutions to traditional challenges in green building, leveraging biological systems to optimize resource utilization, energy efficiency, and waste reduction. By integrating living organisms, biomaterials, and biological processes into building design and construction, biotechnology enables the development of structures that are not only environmentally friendly but also adaptive and resilient.One modern approach involves incorporating living organisms such as algae, bacteria, and fungi into building materials to enhance their performance. For example, algae can be used in bio-facades to capture carbon dioxide and produce oxygen, contributing to improved indoor air quality and reducing the building's carbon footprint. Similarly, bacteria can be embedded in concrete to repair cracks autonomously, increasing the durability and lifespan of structures while minimizing maintenance needs.
Catalytic Conversion of Biomass to Biofuels using Green Nanocatalysts
Authors: Usanova Kseniia Iurevna , Dhall Himanshu , Chandna Manisha , Pandey Noopur , Mouli K.Chandra , Vyas Anjali
Published: June 2024

This research examines the process of converting biomass into biofuels using environmentally friendly nanocatalysts. The aim is to meet the growing need for renewable energy sources and reduce the negative effects on the environment. Various biomass samples were exposed to
catalytic conversion, which revealed notable disparities in the cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin constituents. The efficacy of catalytic conversion was evaluated utilizing several nanocatalyst compositions, with Catalyst D exhibiting the greatest conversion efficiency of 80%. The biofuel output exhibited variation across different biomass samples, with Biomass 4 demonstrating the maximum biofuel generation at a rate of 120 g/L. The environmental impact study identified Catalyst D as having the highest level of sustainability, with the lowest energy usage of 1.8 kWh/kg, the least trash creation of 0.05 kg/kg, and the lowest CO2 emissions of 0.15 kg/kg compared to other formulations. The examination of percentage change further highlighted the substantial improvements in both catalytic performance and environmental sustainability indicators of Catalyst D. The results emphasize the capability of green nanocatalysts to enhance the efficiency and eco-friendliness of biomass conversion processes. This contributes to the progress of sustainable biofuel production technologies and the shift towards a more sustainable energy future.