bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A comparative study of demographical and clinical characteristics on the level of pain severity
Authors: Sekeon Sekplin A. S. , Mawuntu Arthur H. P.
Published: October 2020

Background: Pain is one of the global public health challenges. Pain is not only contributing to physical complaint but also mental and personality dimension as well as productivity issues. Severity of pain is affected by multiple factors, including biological, psychological, and social factors. The objective of the study was to analyse whether there is difference of severity level of pain among several demographical and clinical characteristics of patients with pain.Methods: A hospital-based observational study was conducted with cross-sectional design for six months period. Population of research were patients with pain as the chief complaint treated at the neurology outpatient clinic. Eligible sample were obtained through consecutive total sampling technique. The difference of severity of pain (mild/moderate/severe) and 6 characteristics of patients (age group, sex, number of morbidities, body area of pain, onset and working diagnosis) were analysed. Chi square statistical analysis with SPSS version 17.0 was employed with p value <0,05 were regarded as significant level.Results: Majority of patients were female (58.8%), in the 51-60 age group, at senior high school level and living in urban area. Almost half of the patients with pain have no history of comorbidity (45.9%), which relatively almost equal with patients with single comorbidity. Three mostly affected body areas were shoulder, wrist, and lower back. Majority of patients admitted with moderate level of pain. The onset of pain was mostly above 6 months before visiting the clinic. During the study period, the most frequently working diagnosis were carpal tunnel syndrome and osteoarthritis knee. In bivariate analysis, we found that among 6 demographical and clinical characteristics, body area of pain and working diagnosis have significant difference associated with severity of pain (p value<0.05).Conclusions: There is significant difference of severity of pain based on body area of pain and working diagnosis. We could not detect significant difference of severity of pain based on age group, sex, number of comorbidity and onset of pain.
Diversity of regulatory T cells in various immuno-physiological conditions
Authors: M. Ganapathi Bhat , Shahapurkar Pooja , Lele R. D. , Ahuja Harish
Published: October 2020

Background: Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play an active role in abrogating immune responses during microbial infections and are thus essential to maintain immune homeostasis and self-tolerance. Aberrant expression of Tregs can lead to spectrum of manifestations from allergy, chronic infections to immunopathological conditions such as autoimmunity and cancer. It is critical to have a clear understanding about the Tregs biology before attempting any possible interventions in humans. This study was undertaken to analyze the differential expression of Tregs in various physiological conditions.Methods: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were extracted from normal human subjects (n=30), pregnant females (n=10), cord blood (n=10) and patients with various immunopathological conditions such as cancer (newly diagnosed non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, n=10), autoimmune conditions such as (type 1 diabetes mellitus-T1DM, Hashimoto’s disorder, and other autoimmune disorders, n=10 each) and in donor grafts (n=10) following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant. Flow cytometry was performed to detect CD4+CD25+FOXP3+Tregs and CD4+CD25+CD127dim/-Tregs.Results: The levels of Tregs was found to be were significantly higher in cord blood from newborn infants, patients with T1DM and Hashimoto’s disorder. In addition, the difference in Tregs level in pregnant females, patients with stem cell transplants, non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma and other autoimmune disorders were not significant.Conclusions: Till date, no comparative study was available about the status of Tregs population in normal and different physiological conditions from India. This is the first preliminary quantitative analysis of association of Tregs with different disorders. A clear cognizance of Tregs biology among various physiological conditions will be vital for targeting of these cells for any possible therapeutic modalities.
MRI brain findings of cerebral malaria in children with acute encephalitis syndrome: a prospective study in 60 patients
Authors: Yadav Vibha , Thora Sharad , Choudhary Prachi
Published: October 2020

Background: Acute encephalitis syndrome (AES) is defined as a person of any age group, at any time of the year with the acute onset of fever and change in mental sensorium (including confusion, disorientation, coma or inability to talk) and/or new onset of convulsions (excluding febrile seizures). Encephalitis is a inflammation of brain tissue which presents as a diffuse and/or a focal neuropsychological dysfunction and inflammation of adjacent meningitis. Objectives were to determine clinicoepidemiological profile in AES with special to reference cerebral malaria and to study various MRI findings in patients of AES especially in cerebral malaria.Methods: A prospective study of all cases of fever with unconsciousness or altered sensorium with or without convulsions admitted in PICU of MYH and CNBC Indore. Inclusion criteria was all those children who were previously neurologically normal, of age 1-14 years, patients with fever (<15days) with altered sensorium, with or without seizures and who stay in hospital long enough to complete essential diagnostic work up which includes (CBC with peripheral smear, RFT, LFT, MP, S. electrolytes, CSF, MRI brain).Results: The final study group comprised of 60 patients with age group 1-14 yrs and male to female ratio was 1.07:1. Patients with diagnosis of cerebral malaria were 17. High grade fever, headache, altered sensorium, generalized seizures In general examination pallor was present in 52.9%, icterus in 35.29% cases of cerebral malaria. Splenomegaly (70.5%) was more common finding than hepatomegaly (58.8%) in cerebral malaria. GCS was>6 in most cases, fundus abnormality and meningeal irritation was absent in all cases of cerebral malaria. MRI of brain in cerebral malaria was mostly normal, in (47.05%), second most common we get hyperintensity in periventricular and corpus callosum areas (23.52%), hyperintensity in basal ganglia and thalamus was found in17.64% cases and white matter changes in 2 cases. The final outcome of all cerebral cases was good, all were discharged, and there was no mortality.Conclusions: Our result demonstrate that cerebral malaria is a common cause of acute febrile encephalopathy in children. Presence of plasmodium falciparum is essential for diagnosis of cerebral malaria. No specific lesions have been identified in MRI brain.
Comparison between intrathecal bupivacaine and combination of bupivacaine and midazolam for postoperative pain relief after infraumbilical elective surgeries
Authors: Sharma Neha , Shukla Chetan
Published: October 2020

Background: Objective of the study was to identify the efficacy of midazolam as an adjuvant to intrathecal hyperbaric bupivacaine 0.5%, a prospective, randomized, double blind study was conducted to compare the onset, duration of sensory and motor block, postoperative analgesia, hemodynamic changes and complications.Methods: Sixty patients, ASA I/II, Age 18-60 year, scheduled for infraumbilical surgeries, were randomly allocated to group BNS(n=30) to receive intrathecally 2.5 ml of 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine with 0.4 ml normal saline; and group BM (n=30) to receive 2.5 ml of 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine +2 mg preservative free midazolam 0.4 ml (5mg/ml). We observed onset, duration and regression of sensory and motor block, degree of sedation and pain scores, hemodynamic changes and adverse effects. (PS) version 3.0.0.34 was used for power and sample size calculation. Statistical analysis was performed using Microsoft (MS) office excel software with the student’s t-test and chi-square test (P=0.05)Results: Highest level of sensory blockade (p<.05), motor block duration (179.67±14.94 vs 151.83±10.96 min), sensory block duration (222±16.5 vs 174±12.53 min) and time to first requirement of i.v. analgesia were significantly higher in group BM. Postoperative VAS score was significantly less in group BM. Both groups were comparable in demographic data and hemodynamic changes.Conclusions: Intrathecal 2 mg midazolam found as an attractive adjuvant to 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine in spinal anesthesia in infraumbilical surgeries by producing significantly longer duration of motor and sensory block, good quality of intraoperative and postoperative analgesia with less incidence of nausea vomiting as compared to bupivacaine alone.
Comparison between prolotherapy using 25% dextrose versus extracorporeal shock wave therapy in the management of pain and improvement of functional outcome in patients suffering from chronic lateral epicondylitis: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Deb Debasish , Singh Akoijam Joy , Singh Naorem Bimol , Singh Yumnam Nandabir , Das Rakesh , Meethal Sahanavas Anoth , Deb Suman
Published: October 2020

Background: Lateral epicondylitis is a tendinopathy characterized by pain around the lateral aspect of the elbow occuring more frequently in nonathletes than athletes significantly affecting the patient’s life in terms of the quantity and quality of work done. In resistant cases of tennis elbow, a number of treatment options have been tried including extracorporeal shockwave therapy, autologous blood injections and surgery as last resort but none of them has proved to be superior over another. Recent studies show that 25% dextrose prolotherapy which induces an inflammatory reaction at site of administration would be a better treatment option in resistant cases.Methods: A prospective randomized controlled trial was done in Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Regional Institute of Medical Sciences, Imphal to compare the effectiveness of 25% dextrose prolotherapy injection and extracorporeal shockwave therapy in management of pain and improvement of functional outcome in patients suffering from chronic lateral epicondylitis.Results: The outcome variables VAS for pain and Grip strength for function were measured at baseline, 1 month, 3 months and 6months. Data collected were analysed using SPSS version 21. For analytical purpose, description statistics like mean and standard deviation were used. Statistical tests like t-test, Chi square test, Fisher’s exact test were used for intra group and inter group analysis. P-value <0.05 was taken as significant. In study group 2ml of 25% dextrose mixed with 2% lignocaine (0.5ml) was given to the affected lateral epicondyle. In control group, weekly sessions of single sitting ESWT was given to the lateral epicondyle for 3 consecutive weeks. In the follow up assessment at 1 month, 3 months and 6 months, there was significant improvement in mean score of VAS and Grip Strength scores in both the groups (p<0.05). When both the groups were compared with each other, study group showed a better improvement and was found to be significantly more effective than shockwave therapy group in reducing pain and improvement of functional outcome in chronic lateral epicondylitis (p = 0.001).Conclusions: Prolotherapy may be considered as a novel alternative conservative management before opting for surgery in resistant cases of lateral epicondylitis.
Pulmonary pleomorphic carcinoma masquerading as pulmonary tuberculosis: incidental autopsy finding
Authors: Srinivas Teerthanath , Goel Shreya , Bhat Shubha P. , Asnani Ritu
Published: October 2020

Pleomorphic carcinoma is a very rare subtype of pulmonary sarcomatoid carcinoma. It is an aggressive primary lung carcinoma that accounts for about <0.4% of lung tumors. The tumor usually recurs, resulting in a poor prognosis even after complete resection. Herein, we report an extremely rare case of an advanced pleomorphic carcinoma of the lung which was incidentally detected on autopsy as pulmonary tuberculosis. This patient did not have any clinical manifestations of either malignancy or tuberculosis when he was alive. This is extremely rare, being it an aggressive carcinoma that presents without any apparent symptoms.
COVID-19 an atypical presentation
Authors: Baby Unni R. , Adiody Supriya , George Sachin , Thomas Ronnie , Valsan Chithra
Published: October 2020

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia usually presents as an unilateral or bilateral lower zone opacities. We wish to highlight a case of COVID 19 presenting as upper lobe consolidation with pre-existing co morbidities and unknown primary source of infection.
Medial swivel type dislocation of the talonavicular joint with associated cuboid fracture: a case report
Authors: Astawa Ni Made Puspa Dewi , Aryana I. Gusti Ngurah Wien , Maharjana Made Agus , Simanjuntak Herryanto Agustriadi , Stanu Gusti Ngurah Putra , Purvance Ivander , Putra I. Gede Mahardika
Published: October 2020

Medial Swivel-type dislocation are dislocation of talonavicular joint (TNJ) medially and the calcaneus swivels under the talus, with the calcaneocuboid joint intact. This is a rare injury due to the strong network of ligament and tendinous structures. An 11-year-old girl presented after 1 week of injury to the left foot. She had pain, swelling on the mid-foot and inability to weight bearing. X-ray and computerized tomography (CT) scan showed medial dislocation of TNJ, with fracture of cuboid body. A closed reduction was attempted but it failed. Patient then underwent open reduction with K-wire fixation and immobilization by below knee cast for 3 weeks. After K-wire removal, the foot was stable with near normal ankle and sub-talar joint range of motion and patient started to partial weight bearing Midtarsal dislocations of the foot are rare injuries. In this case dislocation is resulted from high-energy medial forces to the forefoot. The associated cuboid fracture possibly as a result of tensile forces through the lateral structure of midfoot with adduction. ‘Swivel dislocation’ in which the TNJ dislocates, usually medially, and the calcaneus swivels under the talus, with the calcaneocuboid joint intact. A careful assessment of initial radiograph and CT scan should be done to determine type of dislocation and associated fracture. An open reduction K-wire fixation bring a stable reduction. Talonavicular dislocations are rare injuries, occur as a result of high-energy trauma. A stable reduction and good outcome are anticipated.
Phishing Website Detection Using Machine Learning Classifiers Optimized by Feature Selection
Authors: Mehanović Dželila , Kevrić Jasmin
Published: October 2020

Security is one of the most actual topics in the online world. Lists of security threats are constantly updated. One of those threats are phishing websites. In this work, we address the problem of phishing websites classification. Three classifiers were used: K-Nearest Neighbor, Decision Tree and Random Forest with the feature selection methods from Weka. Achieved accuracy was 100% and number of features was decreased to seven. Moreover, when we decreased the number of features, we decreased time to build models too. Time for Random Forest was decreased from the initial 2.88s and 3.05s for percentage split and 10-fold cross validation to 0.02s and 0.16s respectively.
Ensayo sobre la pandemencia: cuando los personajes y microbios de la ciencia ficción salen de la película
Authors: Castiel Luis David
Published: October 2020

Este ensayo crítico acerca de las declaraciones sobre la técnica y la vida en el planeta COVID-19 propone una reflexión ético-filosófica de los efectos de la pandemia. Trata de entender, atribuir significados y criticar las referencias a la pandemia, especialmente en Brasil, en momentos especialmente dramáticos, debido a la sinergia entre la grave enfermedad que afecta al país y al planeta, y un gobierno que se destaca por su gigantesca incapacidad para hacer frente a la calamidad. Este texto fue escrito en el periodo de “cuarentena” brasileña, desde mediados de marzo hasta fines de abril de 2020. Es un momento en el que los hechos nos golpean y no dejan de atormentarnos, y se vive a diario bajo el terrible dominio de esta pandemia. Así, este texto se caracteriza por estar elaborado en medio de un contexto social marcado por los esfuerzos de control y atención de la salud de los afectados, a pesar del complejo marco político actual y de las profundas dificultades económicas del país.
Rola cytokinin w modulacji oddziaływań symbiotycznych roślin bobowatych i bakterii wiążących azot atmosferyczny
Authors: Jarzyniak Karolina
Published: October 2020

Wyróżniającą cechą roślin bobowatych jest ich zdolność do nawiązywania oddziaływań symbiotycznych z bakteriami, wiążącymi azot atmosferyczny, tzw. rizobiami. Wymiana specyficznych molekuł sygnałowych pomiędzy rośliną gospodarzem a mikrosymbiontem stanowi pierwszy etap wymagany zarówno do infekcji bakteryjnej jak i formowania nowego organu symbiotycznego jakim jest brodawka korzeniowa. Biorąc pod uwagę fakt, iż wspomniane dwa procesy zachodzą w różnych tkankach korzenia, tj. w ryzodermie oraz komórkach kory pierwotnej, ścisła ich regulacja i koordynacja jest oczekiwana. W modulacji interakcji symbiotycznych kluczową rolę odgrywają hormony roślinne, w szczególności cytokininy. Aktywacja ścieżki sygnałowej cytokinin w korze pierwotnej stanowi kluczowy element procesu symbiozy. W jej konsekwencji aktywne biologicznie cytokininy są biosyntetyzowane i akumulowane w strefie korzenia podatnej na brodawkowanie. Zapoczątkowuje to podziały mitotyczne komórek kory pierwotnej i rozwój brodawki korzeniowej. Zrozumienie genetycznych mechanizmów regulacji, leżących u postaw zdarzeń, zachodzących w wewnętrznych warstwach korzenia, stanowi jedno z kluczowych wyzwań, pojawiających się w badaniach procesów symbiotycznych.
PLASTOGLOBULE – NIEDOCENIONE SKŁADNIKI KOMÓRKI ROŚLINNEJ
Authors: Wójtowicz Joanna , Gieczewska Katarzyna
Published: October 2020

Plastoglobule, istotne składniki plastydów, są zaangażowane w wiele etapów ich rozwoju: od biogenezy chloroplastów przez transformacje chloroplast-chromoplast, aż do powstawania gerontoplastów. Unikatowy skład białkowy i lipidowy tych struktur zależny od ich lokalizacji, sugeruje, iż plastoglobule są zarówno rezerwuarem materiałów zapasowych jak i stanowią ośrodek zachodzenia wielu reakcji metabolicznych. Plastoglobule aktywnie uczestniczą w metabolizmie prenylochinonów, karotenoidów, kwasu jasmonowego i odpowiadają za recykling produktów powstałych podczas dezintegracji błon tylakoidów. Bezpośrednie połączenie plastoglobul z tylakoidami pozwala na redystrybuowanie związków między obiema strukturami, co przyczynia się do ich roli w odpowiedzi na warunki stresowe. Silnie hydrofobowy charakter plastoglobul, ich specyficzny proteom i dostatecznie prosta procedura izolacji stwarza niezwykłe możliwości wykorzystania plastoglobul w biotechnologii roślin.
Методологические подходы к формированию комплексной инвестиционно-инновационной системы региона
Authors: Дорошенко Юрий Анатольевич , Бережная Анна Вячеславовна
Published: October 2020

Актуальность исследования региональных экономических систем обусловлена низкой конкурентоспособностью отечественной продукции на международных рынках, отрицательным сальдо торгового баланса и преобладанием импортной продукции на внутреннем высокотехнологичном рынке. Поэтапное развитие российских регионов призвано обеспечить развитие науки и техники, промышленности, сферы услуг и туризма, базируясь на уникальных природно-климатических условиях и природных богатствах. В статье представлены основные методологическиеподходы к формированию сложной инвестиционно-инновационной системы региона, призванной аккумулировать существующие ресурсы инвестиционно-инновационного потенциала для дальнейшего их вовлечения в инновационный процесс.
Монетизация больших данных: технико-экономический анализ драйверов роста и издержек
Authors: Шальнова Юлия Павловна
Published: October 2020

В статье на примерах банковской деятельности показано, что внедрение инновационной технологии больших данных является одним из IT-трендов развития мировой и отечественной экономик. Акцентировано внимание на монетизации технологии как необходимом условии внедрения. Предложен не требующий количественных оценок подход повышения инвестиционных результатов, основанный на качественной постановке задач обработки больших данных и формировании множества релевантных им данных. Исследованы основные характеристики больших данных, влияющие на издержки внедрения технологии. Сделан вывод о необходимости приоритетной разработки методик инвестиционного анализа технологии больших данных. Отмечен пилотный характер исследования.
Динамика развития авиаотрасли: тренды и пандемийные вызовы
Authors: Климова Татьяна Брониславовна
Published: October 2020

В статье рассмотрена динамика развития авиаотрасли в «допандемийную эпоху» и сложившаяся ситуация в отрасли, связанная c распространением COVID-19 и его последствиями. Международная ассоциация воздушного транспорта (IATA) отметила, что никогда в истории авиационная отрасль не сталкивалась с подобной ситуацией. Для решения таких срочных проблем во всем мире принимаются скоординированные меры авиационных властей и бизнеса. В статье автор концентрирует внимание на том, что сгладить последствия нынешней экономической нестабильности без эффективной государственной поддержки не удастся. Менеджменту авиакомпаний, со своей стороны, также необходимо разрабатывать новые стратегии, научиться использовать новые инструменты и стандарты, перспективные технологии, мобилизовать все возможности для дальнейшего развития, которые непременно откроются, так какпоследствия кризиса приводят к необходимым для дальнейшего роста позитивным изменениям. Отмечено, что для достижения сбалансированного и эффективного перезапуска отрасли необходим глобальный подход, основанный на оценке мер по снижению рисков восстановления отрасли с необходимостью разблокировать экономику и обеспечить возможности пассажирских авиаперелетов.
Оценка значимости угроз экономической безопасности для ведущих отечественных предприятий черной металлургии
Authors: Рябков Илья Леонидович , Яшалова Наталья Николаевна
Published: October 2020

В статье представлено теоретическое и практическое обоснование системного подхода для оценки значимости угроз экономической безопасности, характерных для предприятий черной металлургии. Обоснована необходимость проведения постоянного мониторинга внешних и внутренних факторов, влияющих на эту оценку. В результате моделирования значимости различных групп угроз экономической безопасности авторы пришли к выводу, что для металлургических предприятий наиболее важными эндогенными угрозами являются финансово-экономические, технико-технологические и маркетинговые, среди экзогенных – внутри- и внешнерыночные угрозы.
EXAMINING THE ADEQUACY OF AN EXIT EXAM TO MEASURE DIPLOMA STUDENTS' ACHIEVEMENT: RASCH ANALYSIS
Authors: S. Abulibdeh Enas , J I Badrasawi Kamal , Abu Kassim Noor Lide
Published: October 2020

Purpose of the study: This paper examines the adequacy of an exit exam using the Rasch Model. It also addresses the students' achievement on the exam items according to Learning Outcomes (LOs) i.e. what LOs have been achieved and have not been achieved.

Main Findings: The Rasch analyses showed‎ that there were issues related to the adequacy of the exit exam in terms of the items' validity and items' distribution along the interval scale. The items' qualitative investigation revealed that the stems and options of some items have problems. Overall, the exam was easy for the students, and students scored different achievement according to Learning Outcomes (LOs). These findings highlight the importance of using measurement ‎models to validate exams as well as to provide a more accurate interpretation of ‎students' achievement; Rasch Model is an example.

Methodology: The descriptive quantitative research design was utilized to achieve the research objectives. An exam comprises 100 Multiple choice items/questions administered to 322 students taking Professional Diploma in Teaching at a College of Education. The items cover eight 8 Learning Outcomes that students were expected to achieve when completed all the Professional Diploma courses. The collected data were analyzed using the Rasch Model for dichotomous data, and Winsteps software 4.1.0 (2018).

Applications of this study: The study provides insightful information to higher institutions in general and to colleges of education to revamp the implementation of diploma teaching programs, mainly the assessment methods.

Novelty/Originality of this study: This paper extends the evidence of providing academic staff at higher institutions with necessary information and training on measurement to come out with more informed decisions.
ВЛИЯНИЕ СИЛ СОПРОТИВЛЕНИЯ НА ГЛУБИНУ РЕЗАНИЯ–СКАЛЫВАНИЯ ГОРНОЙ ПОРОДЫ АЛМАЗНЫМ РЕЗЦОМ
Authors: Нескоромных Вячеслав Васильевич , Попова Марина Сергеевна , Харитонов Антон Юрьевич
Published: October 2020

Актуальность. Разработка бурового породоразрушающего инструмента всегда нацелена на повышение эффективности и ресурса его работы, а также на расширение области его применения. Важной составляющей данного процесса является изучение механизма разрушения горной породы рабочей частью разрабатываемого инструмента. Самым сложным, но важным является исследование глубины резания–скалывания горной породы резцом. Несмотря на мелкие габариты рассматриваемой системы, для более достоверного результата необходимо учитывать все факторы, влияющие на процесс разрушения горной породы резцом. Если говорить о наиболее весомых факторах, которые оказывают влияние на эффективность разрушения горной породы, необходимо отметить силы сопротивления, возникающие на забое скважины. Самым мелким резцом обладает алмазный породоразрушающий инструмент. Алмазный тип бурового инструмента является довольно востребованным в производстве. В связи с этим актуальным является развитие теории и возможностей исследования механизма разрушения горной породы алмазным резцом с учетом возникающих на забое процессов и явлений, в том числе и препятствующих внедрению его в породу. Цель: выявление возможных источников сил сопротивления внедрению алмазного резца в горную породу; определение степени влияния сил сопротивления и других факторов на величину глубины резания–скалывания породы алмазным резцом. Объекты: механизм разрушения горной породы единичным алмазным резцом. Методы: экспериментальные, аналитические исследования, анализ, метод компьютерного моделирования. Результаты. Разработан программный продукт, позволяющий детально исследовать механизм разрушения горной породы единичным алмазным резцом. Определено, что сопротивление со стороны среды, возникшей на забое скважины, оказывает влияние на результирующую величину глубины резания–скалывания горной породы алмазным резцом. Величина результирующей силы сопротивления резцу зависит от вида промывочной жидкости и типа разрушаемой горной породы. Выяснено, что по мере роста линейной скорости перемещения резца наблюдается рост сопротивления горной породы и снижение глубины внедрения резца в горную породу.
МЕТОДИКА АНАЛИЗА ЭКОСИСТЕМНОГО РАЗНООБРАЗИЯ ЛАНДШАФТОВ РЕГИОНА ПО МАТЕРИАЛАМ ДИСТАНЦИОННОГО ЗОНДИРОВАНИЯ
Authors: Осипов Алексей Георгиевич , Дмитриев Василий Васильевич , Ковязин Василий Федорович
Published: October 2020

Актуальность исследования обусловлена необходимостью сохранения ресурсо- и средовоспроизводящих функций ландшафтов при их антропогенном освоении. Одним из факторов, способствующих устойчивости ландшафтов к антропогенным нагрузкам, является их экосистемное разнообразие. В настоящее время на практике для определения экосистемного разнообразия широко используются методы картографического моделирования, однако они недостаточно эффективны из-за отсутствия актуализированной крупномасштабной картографической информации об экосистемном строении изучаемых ландшафтов. Цель: разработать методику анализа экосистемного разнообразия ландшафтов региона с использованием материалов дистанционного зондирования и апробировать ее на территории Ленинградской области. Объекты: экосистемное разнообразие ландшафтов. Методы: дистанционное зондирование ландшафтов; построение цифровых моделей рельефа в среде ГИС; автоматизированное дешифрирование почвенно-растительного покрова; статистическая обработка данных аэросъемки; картографические обобщения; региональный ландшафтно-экологический анализ с использованием ГИС. Результаты. Обоснована целесообразность использования материалов дистанционного зондирования для оценки экосистемного разнообразия ландшафтов региона. Разработана модель автоматизированного дешифрирования основных типов лесного растительного покрова по его вегетационным индексам; предложен подход к определению экосистемного разнообразия по материалам автоматизированного дешифрирования основных типов лесного растительного покрова. С использованием беспилотного летательного аппарата выполнена аэрофотосъемка четырнадцати ключевых участков, выбранных в Ленинградской области. С использованием цифровой фотограмметрической системы PHOTOMOD выполнено трансформирование аэрофотоснимков. Разработан классификатор основных типов лесных растительных сообществ, характерных для изучаемой территории. Для каждого из них определены вегетационные индексы (нормализованный разностный вегетационный индекс и вегетационный индекс, скорректированный на подстилающую поверхность); выполнено автоматизированное дешифрирование основных типов лесного растительного покрова ключевых участков, и по его результатам рассчитано экосистемное разнообразие каждого из них. В среде ГИС составлена картограмма экосистемного разнообразия ландшафтов Ленинградской области. Выводы. Разработанная авторами методика может успешно применяться при проектировании природно-антропогенных систем в различных регионах с учетом специфики их физико-географических условий.
ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКОЕ СОСТОЯНИЕ ПОЧВ ПРОМЫШЛЕННЫХ ТЕРРИТОРИЙ (НА ПРИМЕРЕ Г. БЕРЕЗНИКИ, ПЕРМСКИЙ КРАЙ): СРАВНЕНИЕ ОТЕЧЕСТВЕННЫХ И ЗАРУБЕЖНЫХ МЕТОДОВ ОЦЕНКИ
Authors: Ушакова Евгения Сергеевна , Караваева Татьяна Ивановна , Белкин Павел Андреевич
Published: October 2020

Актуальность. Интенсивное антропогенное воздействие на окружающую среду, особенно в пределах промышленных территорий, способствует деградации почвенного профиля и аккумуляции технофильных химических элементов в почвенном покрове. Увеличение загрязнения городских почв тяжелыми металлами в связи с интенсивной промышленной нагрузкой является серьезной экологической проблемой. Несмотря на повышенный интерес к экологическому состоянию почв промышленных территорий, существующая в настоящее время в Российской Федерации система нормирования недостаточно разработана и не позволяет дать точную характеристику загрязнения. Цель: определение уровня загрязнения тяжелыми металлами почв в пределах промышленной зоны урбанизированной территории; сравнение отечественных и зарубежных методов оценки загрязненности почв и обоснование необходимости актуализации нормативно-технической документации. Методы. Содержание тяжелых металлов в почвах определено масс-спектральным методом на базе сектора наноминералогии «Центра коллективного пользования Пермского государственного национального исследовательского университета». Результаты и выводы. Рассмотрены отечественные и зарубежные методы оценки экологического состояния почв. Проведена оценка уровня загрязнения почв тяжелыми металлами и металлоидами в пределах промышленных территорий крупных химических предприятий Пермского края с использованием отечественных и зарубежных нормативов качества почв, суммарных показателей загрязнения и индекса потенциального экологического риска. Показана необходимость учета функционального назначения территорий при оценке загрязнения с помощью индивидуальных показателей. Получены аналогичные результаты оценки степени загрязнения почв при использовании отечественных, не регламентированных нормативно-технической документацией, и зарубежных суммарных показателей. Сделан вывод о необходимости актуализации нормативных требований Российской Федерации с учетом отечественного и зарубежного опыта оценки загрязненности почв.
The effect of primary years program (PYP) on children’s science process skills (SPS) in early childhood education
Authors: Tuğluk Mehmet Nur
Published: October 2020

The aim of the current study was to investigate the effect of the Primary Years Program (PYP) on the science process skills (SPSs) of children in early childhood education. The study design was quasi-experimental and focused on children attending private schools in Istanbul. In this study, the Science Process Scale developed by Ozkan (2015) was used. Herein, approval for this study was granted by the Ministry of National Education, and consent was given by parents, to determine differences between their preschoolers who were attending an International Baccalaureate (IB) and Ministry of National Education school. Before implementing the PYP, a pretest was applied to the children in the experimental and control groups. After that, the children in the experimental group attended the PYP for 12 weeks. Conversely, the children in the control group attended the program of the Ministry of National Education. Following this 12-week period, the children were given a posttest. When the pretest results were compared after completing the IB program, there were no significant differences between the experimental and control groups. After the 12 weeks, a significant difference was found between the two groups with regards to their SPSs. When analyzed according to the factors, there seemed to be no differences between the two groups. However, at the end of the research, an interesting difference was found between the post and follow-up test results in the experimental group.

 

Key Words: International Baccalaureate, Primary Years Program, Science Process Skills, Preschool Education.
Academic career awareness and academic career interest among Turkish undergraduate students
Authors: Dağyar Miray , Gamze Kasalak , Nermin Uğurlu
Published: October 2020

This study aimed to determine to what extent undergraduate students’ level of academic career awareness and demographic variables predicted their level of academic career interest. The sample consisted of 3,696 students studying at 16 faculties, who were 3rd- and 4th-year undergraduate students from Akdeniz University in the fall semester of 2019–2020, and where the necessary permissions could be obtained from the faculty deanships for the application of the scales. The Academic Career Awareness Scale and Academic Career Interest Scale were used as data collection tools. The results obtained from the study were as follows: the level of undergraduate students’ academic career awareness was low and their level of academic career interest was above average. It was determined that the level of academic career interest of the undergraduate students changed according to their gender, grade level and their level of academic career awareness. When the demographic variables were measured, the level of academic career awareness explained the level of academic career interest. According to this result, it could be said that undergraduate students should have knowledge about academic career in order to be interested in an academic career.

Keywords: Academic career, academic career interest, academic career knowledge, academic career awareness, postgraduate education
Exploring the relationship between 8th graders' assertiveness levels and family functions
Authors: Küçükkaragöz Hadiye , Karakayoun Kemal
Published: October 2020

This research has been conducted to examine the relationship between primary school 8th grade students’ levels of assertiveness and a) family function b) socio-demographic variables.  In the research with the family assessment scale, rathus assertiveness and socio-demographic properties inventory has been used. The personal information form has been used for socio-demographic variables according to family assessment functions and social demographic properties, the students’ levels of assertiveness have been studied whether significantly differentiate (p<.05/p<.01) or not. Socio-demographic properties are gender, number of siblings, birth order, self-confidence and lack of self-confıdence, parents’ education level, and family income level. In the sample group there are 195 girl students and 236 boy students classes of the society totally 431 students form the sample group. As a result, the level of assertiveness doesn’t change according to the gender. Terms of roles, affective involvement and behaviour control, male students have higher average scores than female students. Generally the students who have got two siblings, have lower scores than the other number of siblings group (1,3,4,6); in terms of the relationship between the family function and assertiveness, the overall high scores have been found to cause a decrease in the communication, roles and general functions (sub-family functıons) of the 8th grade students’ levels of assertiveness.

 

Key Words: Assertiveness; Family Functions; Elementary Students; Socio-demographic; Family C ounselling
E-learning development in improving students' critical thinking ability
Authors: Supriyatno Triyo , Susilawati Samsul , Ahdi Hassan
Published: October 2020

The research paper presented to explore valid, practical, and effective e-learning media. Reflectig the purpose of paper, this study is  to improve critical thinking skills, to obtain an overview  at high levels and  increasing students' critical thinking skills including ability. The hypothesis is as a rational decision-making process on what believed is, through the aspect of providing basic explanations, building basic skills, concluding, making further explanations, and strategies and tactics in the lesson planning course, at the Faculty of Tarbiyah and Teacher Training at UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang. The paper explained ADDIE development model which included the design, development, analysis, implementation and evaluation stages which reffered research and development (R & D). The data for testing e-learning media in learning and tests of critical thinking skills carried out from fourth-semester students . The study used the One Group Pretest-Posttest Design for trial design. The results concluded the average percentage of feasibility value of the e-learning media from the three validators was 86.6% with very feasible criteria, the critical thinking ability instrument was 79.9% through feasible criteria. E-learning media used in a limited trial that obtained an average score of 82.4% for lecturers and students with  practical criteria. E-learning media is improving critical thinking skills  effectively which indicated  changes in students and critical thinking test presented the results from 56.7 to 81.3. The findings showed that the  e-learning media is valid, practical, and an effective criteria to improve students' critical thinking skills.

Keywords: E-learning,  learning strategies, critical thinking skills, tactics;
Institutional facilitation for learning improvement with consideration of students’ voices
Authors: Rakhshanda Naeem , Shahid Kazi Asma , Shabana Manzoor , Uzma Quraishi
Published: October 2020

This study investigates the students’ perceptions regarding their voices towards improvement in learning at public and private sector universities in Pakistan. These voices are collected by the Quality Enhancement Cells of the varsities through either technological tools or other ways. To understand how this data is utilized, a self-constructed and validated tool was utilized to get information about four categories; understanding of the term student voices, inquiry of learning process; university facilitation for best learning and implementation of student voices. Using purposive sampling technique, a survey of 112 under graduate students from four fields of studies (social sciences, natural sciences, business administrations and languages) from a Public and Private Sector University each from District Lahore was conducted. Data was analyzed by using SPSS version 22, and t-test and chi-square was performed to measure the difference in institutional facilitation of public and private sector universities. One-way ANOVA was applied to check the effects of student’s status in the class on the inquiry of learning process. The study indicated statistically significant effect of public and private sector on students’ perceptions regarding institutional facilitations for learning improvement. The study also reported the significant effects of student’s status on the inquiry of learning process. It is suggested that further studies need to explore how and where the students’ voices are being used for planning, assessment and course development.

Keywords: Institutional facilitation, students’ voice, Higher Education, Pakistan
Demographic factors associated with young children’s motor creativity
Authors: Karaca Nezahat Hamiden , Uzun Halil , Metin Şermin , Aral Neriman
Published: October 2020

This study investigated factors that are associated with the creative motor skills of young children. We recruited through random sampling 233 typically developing children attending preschool or kindergarten in Afyonkarahisar, Turkey. We administered a “General Information Form” to gather the children’s demographic characteristics and the “Thinking Creatively in Action and Movement Test” to evaluate the children’s creative motor skills level. We analyzed the children and familys’ demographic characteristics with frequency and percentage values, and we analyzed the TCAM with multiple linear regression analysis to determine whether independent variables predicted creativity on the TCAM. Our results showed that, among the sub-dimensions of the TCAM, the mother’s age and profession best predicted the sub-dimension of fluency and the mother’s profession best predicted the sub-dimension of novelty. Regarding, the sub-dimension of children's creative motor-imagination, neither the children’s gender or age, the parents’ age, education or occupation were significant predictors.

Keywords: Creativity;  creative thinking; motor creativity
programa Projovem Urbano
Authors: Cordoval Jean Carlos Almeida , Lancillotti Samira Saad Pulchério
Published: October 2020

O presente estudo tem por objeto o Programa Projovem Urbano, que se insere no bojo das políticas de governo implementadas no Brasil, durante décadas, para a Educação de Jovens e Adultos. Pretende-se evidenciar que o referido Programa promove ações antagônicas à emancipação, restringindo-se a certificações aligeiradas e precárias que nada modificam a condição de subalternidade e expropriação da juventude trabalhadora. As fontes da análise são documentos e produções bibliográficas que abordam a Educação de Jovens e Adultos, bem como o Projeto Pedagógico Integrado do Projovem Urbano. São tomados por referência trabalhos que se assentam na teorização marxista acerca do trabalho. Verificou-se que o Programa se inclui no emaranhado de políticas neoliberais que visam à regulação da educação pelo mercado como prática socialmente estabelecida pelo capital, principalmente no que tange a reprodução da força de trabalho e o disciplinamento para o exercício de atividades laborais simplificadas por meio do conhecimento fragmentado e de certificação precária.
Supply Chain Strategies in Virtually Distributed Supply Chain Project Teams During and Post-COVID-19
Authors:   Academia Worldwide, Goldston Justin L.
Published: October 2020

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, a number of employees transitioned into virtually distributed supply chain project team environments for the first time in their careers due to shelter-in-place and social distancing mandates that impacted industries around the world. With project managers implementing processes and procedures remotely to employees fielding calls from home while caring for children, the world entered into an unprecedented time and an unknown unknown. As the pandemic required organizations to implement agile practices, project managers within various industries had to adjust operational processes, while at the same time had to ensure project team needs were addressed. In an effort to mitigate the risk of transitioning back to conventional management approaches, a qualitative survey method was performed in this study to understand the supply chain project team member experiences during this transition period. The results of the survey uncovered that the creation of a supply chain uncertainty management plan, demonstrating the benefits of virtual supply chain project teams, and the continuous integration of collaborative technology tools may contribute positive outcomes from the COVID-19 pandemic.
Effects of alcohol consumption in general, and wine in particular, on the risk of cancer development: a review
Authors: Teissedre Pierre-Louis , Rasines-Perea Zurine , Ruf Jean-Claude , Stockley Creina , Antoce Arina Oana , Romano Raquel , Fradera Ursula , Kosti Rena I.
Published: October 2020

Since 1988, alcohol has been classified as a Group 1 carcinogen, the highest level of risk, by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). In fact, alcohol consumption is the third leading risk factor for disease and mortality in Europe. It accounts for 4.65 % of the global burden of both injury and disease, making it one of the most preventable causes of injury and death. Tissues in closest contact with alcohol when it is ingested, such as those of the oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus and larynx, have at greater risk of becoming cancerous than other body tissues. The consumption of alcohol is also associated with an increased risk of stomach, colon, rectum, liver, female breast and ovarian cancers. Conversely, recent studies suggest that red wine components inhibit colony formation of human breast cancer and esophageal carcinoma cells, suggesting that wine-derived phenolic compounds may be inhibitory, in contrast to the alcohol component of wine. Because of a lack of systematic studies dealing with the different types of cancer and alcoholic beverages and wine in particular, in this narrative review we summarize the general risk of cancer linked to the consumption of alcoholic beverages, including wine, according to type of cancer, with 140 extracted relevant references from 1966 to 2020. Mostly epidemiological studies concerning large cohorts have been selected. For the cancers of the upper aerodigestive tract, liver, colorectum, breast cancer, pancreatic, prostate, an excessive consumption and/or misuse of alcoholic beverages is correlated with increased risk. Conversely a probable decreased risk has been found for renal/kidney cancers, as well as for Non-Hodgkin lymphomas, such as thyroid lymphomas, associated with the moderate consumption of alcoholic beverages. There is no evidence of ovarian, gastric, head and neck, and lung cancer being linked to the moderate consumption of alcoholic beverages. Cancer is a multifactorial disease, and many factors contribute to effects on health status, usually being both genetic and environmental. Habits (smoking, dietary/lifestyle pattern/ habits, physical activity), should also be taken into account when defining appropriate consumption frequencies for different types of alcoholic drink (wine, beer, spirits). Further research is needed related to wine consumption in the context of a healthy dietary and lifestyle pattern given health-promoting constituents of wine and its effects on cancer incidence.