bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENGARUH KINERJA PETUGAS PASASI DALAM SWEEPING BAGASI TERHADAP KEPUASAN PENUMPANG PADA PT GAPURA ANGKASA DI BANDAR UDARA INTERNASIONAL SUPADIO PONTIANAK
Authors: Frisnawati Elnia , Rani Syafira Nandita
Published: January 2024

Dalam sebuah Industri penerbangan terkenal dengan istilah “sweeping bagasi” dimana hal tersebut merupakan hal penting dan dilakukan dengan tujuan mengurangi kelebihan bagasi. Sweeping bagasi dilakukan oleh petugas yang nantinya penumpang bisa merasa puas akan pelayanan yang diberikan oleh petugas tersebut. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui ppengaruh kinerja petugas pasasi saat sweeping bagasi terhadap kepuasan penumpang PT Gapura di Bandar Udara Internasional Supadio Pontianak. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan pengumpulan data beruapa penyebaran kuesioner dan studi Pustaka. Data primer berupa hasil dari penyebaran kuesioner dan data sekunder berupa survey dan catatan historis. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah uji validitas, relibilitas, uji regresi sederhana, uji hipotesis dan uji determinasi.Hasil penelitian ini ditemukan bahwa terdapat pengaruh signifikan antara variabel kinerja petugas terhadap variabel kepuasan penumpang. Selain itu, kinerja petugas pasasi dalam sweeping bagasi berpengaruh terhadap kepuasan penumpang dibuktikan dengan hasil koefisien determinasi (R2) sebesar 0,632. Hal tersebut berarti bahwa pengaruh kinerja petugas pasasi dalam sweeping bagasi berpengaruh sebesar 63,2% terhadap kepuasan penumpang PT Gapura Angkasa di Bandar Udara Internasional Supadio Pontianal.
KEPUTUSAN MANAJEMEN KEUANGAN TERHADAP PROFITABILITAS PERUSAHAAN MANUFAKTUR SELAMA MASA PANDEMI COVID-19
Authors: Nurmalasari Made Ratih , Diah Kumalasari Putu , Putri Prawitasari Putu , Indira Dewiningrat Ayu , Ari Krismajayanti Ni Putu
Published: January 2024

Masuknya virus COVID-19 ke Indonesia dan menjadi pandemi menyebabkan gejolak perekonomian negara. Dalam keadaan seperti ini, menjaga kemampuan perusahaan untuk terus menghasilkan keuntungan sangat penting bagi kelangsungan usaha (profitabilitas), sehingga perusahaan harus mengambil keputusan yang optimal dalam mengelola keuangannya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji dampak tiga keputusan manajemen keuangan terhadap profitabilitas perusahaan manufaktur selama pandemi COVID-19. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keputusan investasi dan kebijakan dividen mempunyai pengaruh positif signifikan terhadap profitabilitas perusahaan, hal ini sesuai dengan teori yang ada. Sementara kebijakan utang juga ternyata mempunyai pengaruh positif signifikan terhadap profitabilitas perusahaan, di mana besar kemungkinan ketika pandemi COVID-19, kas perusahaan manufaktur bisa dimanfaatkan dengan maksimal untuk melunasi kewajiban yang bersifat jangka pendek, sehingga begitu aktiva lancar naik makan profitabilitas juga akan naik.

Kata kunci: Profitabilitas, Keputusan Investasi, Kebijakan Utang, Kebijakan Dividen
ANALISIS KINERJA PERSONEL FLIGHT OPERATIONS OFFICER (FOO) PT. GAPURA ANGKASA TERHADAP KESELAMATAN PENERBANGAN DI BANDAR UDARA INTERNASIONAL YOGYA KARTA
Authors: M. Ryan Prawira Negara  , Awan
Published: January 2024

Keselamatan penerbangan merupakan  suatu  hal  yang  sangat  penting dalam sebuah penerbangan, ataubisa dikatakan bahwa keselamatan penerbangan adalah kondisi  suatu  penerbangan yang berjalan dengan lancar dan aman dari stasiun keberangkatan hingga tiba di stasiun tujuan. Termasuk personel Flight Operations Officer yang dalam hal ini harus memperhatikan aspek keselamatan dan keamanan dalam suatu penerbangan, sehingga personel FOO dituntut untuk memiliki ketelitian dan kedisiplinan  dalam  melakukan  tugas  dan  tanggung jawabnya agar suatupenerbangan dapat berjalan dengan selamat dan aman. Metode penelitian kualitatif digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Wawancara dan observasi partisipan digunakan sebagai data primer, dan data yang didapat dari kantor operations PT Gapura Angkasa Yogyakarta beserta dokumentasi digunakan sebagai data sekunder dalam penelitian ini, selain itu informasi dari publikasi ilmiah, artikel atau penelitian terdahulu yang berkaitan dengan penelitian yang dilakukan oleh peneliti digunakan sebagai data sekunder dalam penelitian ini. Teknik analisis data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan reduksi data, penyajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan. Berdasarkan data yang didapat dari penelitian ini yang berjudul Kinerja personel Flight Operations Officer (FOO) terhadap keselamatan penerbangan di Bandar Udara Internasional Yogyakarta bahwasannya personel FOO di lapangan sudah melakukan pekerjaanya dengan baik dalam memberikan pelayanankepada suatu penerbangan yang  ditanganinya, baik berupa pemberian informasi  data flight plan,  information weather,  notam-notam  dan  briefing  sudah  dilakukan dengan  baik  ,  namun juga  dalam  penelitian  ini  ditemukan  adanya  beberapa kendala  yang  personel  temui  di  lapangan  yaitu  keterbatasan  SDM  dan juga keterbatasan  sarana  dan pra-sarana  lainnya,  seperti  Jaringan  internet,  supplai kertas, tinta, printer dan komputer yang kerap menjadi hambatan bagi personel FOO yang akan bekerja di lapangan.
Assessment of Food Security Status and its Coping Mechanism in Selected Districts of Gamo Gofa Zone, Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Abebe Agidew , Dereje Desta
Published: January 2024

The study was conducted in selected Districts of Gamo Gofa Zone with the main objectives to identify the determinants of food security status and its coping mechanisms. Result was reported by percentage, frequency and average, Chi-square, t-test and binary logit model. Household calorie acquisition in food consumption was used to evaluate the status of household food security. The totals of 196 respondents were used. Among them, 39.8 % were food secure and 60.2% were not secure. The average Kcal consumed by food secure and insecure households was 2756.3 and 1506.2 respectively. There was a statistical significance average variation of kcal consumption per day per AE (p<1%). The binary logistic model result shows that five were found to be a significant effect on the household food security status out of 11 variables included in the model. These were: farm size, TLU, Market, Food aid, and Annual food expenditure were significantly affecting household food security status (p<10%, 5%, and 1%). Rural households have practiced different coping mechanisms at different stages of food deficit including: Sale of livestock, reduce the size and the number of meals, receive food aid, involve in off-farm activities, daily labor, borrow cash/ kind from others were the dominant coping mechanisms. According to this finding recommended that technologies that improves the productivity of farm and livestock should be given more attention. Some of the coping mechanisms practiced by farmers were more harmful than others.  Practices: like rent out farm, livestock sale, and charcoal making have negative effect on subsequent period production and productivity of the farmers as well as negative environmental effect. Therefore, understanding the coping mechanisms performed by the household provides a clue for the determination and promotion of sustainable development strategies.
A Study on the Adopt of Undercover Investigation targeting Drug Crimes
Authors:   The Korean Society of Private Security, Hwang Jong Yong
Published: January 2024

In recent years, Korea has become not just a transit point for drugs, but a supply source that presupposes the consumption of drugs, and the number of drug users has also increased rapidly as the use of virtual assets on SNS and non-face-to-face methods of delivery have become routine. In order to eradicate drug crimes, it is necessary to conduct undercover investigations rather than traditional investigations.
While undercover investigations are already allowed by the law for digital sex crimes against children and juveniles, we examined how to institutionalize undercover investigations for drug crimes in Korea by referring to foreign countries such as the United Kingdom and Germany, where undercover investigations are widely recognized for organized crime, bribery, and other crimes.
First of all, it is desirable to stipulate the undercover investigation of drug crimes in the law, but in the medium to long term, it is desirable to expand the target crimes and stipulate the requirements uniformly in the Criminal Procedure Act. In addition, immunity should be stipulated and practically applied for identity disguise acts in the course of undercover investigations to support investigators' aggressive investigation activities. On the other hand, considering the fact that information and communication networks are being utilized as a playground for drug crimes, it is necessary to separately define the area of concealed identity investigation, including searches of information and communication networks. However, considering the possibility of human rights violations, the scope of application should be prioritized to organized drug distribution, and appropriate control measures should be put in place, such as specifying the time limit for investigation and the approval of the head of the senior investigation department.
The Introduction and Efficient Operation Method of Drone Detectives in Detective Work
Authors:   The Korean Society of Private Security, Kim Young Gyu , Kang Dong Wook
Published: January 2024

As a drone is a representative cyber system of leading the 4th Industrial Revolution, the drone is being used even in areas that are difficult for humans to carry out. Accordingly, the application of drone to the detective field will bring about the large contribution to solving the problems such as the investigation into the public interest infringement related to social safety and public safety, as the search for a missing child, a missing person, a runaway, etc. and as the enterprise security management. Hence, The purpose of this study was to suggest ways to introduce and operate drones in detective activities.
Unlike helicopter, the drone is low in maintenance expenses and can be operated freely even at night when it's hard to get a view, and can do its function not only as one living observer but also as an investigator in detective activities. Also, drones can be said to have high proof value by vividly filming the scene.
In order for this drone to be introduced in a detective field, it is urgent to enact a detective law, first of all. And there is a need to prepare for a legal measure in which the state can manage and supervise detective services. In addition, the detective work should be determined the scope of work to the extent that it clarifies its limits and responsibilities. Thus, the negative perception of detective services must be dispelled. The authorized qualification of detective is needed to systematically perform the detective's work. On top of this, to be operated the drone detective, a legislative discussion needs to be made constantly in order to prevent and respond to the drone crime, the invasion of privacy, and the safety accident.
This study can be said to be meaningful as a cornerstone data for the development of the drone industry as well as the development of detective and private security work at a time when there is constant discussion about the enactment of the detective law.
Research on improvement measures in the event of an accident involving self-driving cars in the private sector
Authors:   The Korean Society of Private Security, Park Woong Shin , Shin Joo Hyun
Published: January 2024

Under the current law, the legal system for self-driving cars of level 4 or higher still has some shortcomings, so it needs to be supplemented in both civil and criminal areas. Even if you don't necessarily think of Moore's Law, considering the rapid development of technology, the commercialization of level 4 or higher self-driving cars will come sooner than we think. Considering this, rapid preparation is needed for autonomous vehicles of level 4 or higher, and this will not discriminate between civil and criminal areas.
Accordingly, in terms of criminal law, the scope for human drivers of self-driving cars to dominate the operation of autonomous vehicles is reduced, and the recognition of driver negligence is greatly reduced, lowering the possibility of recognition of driving responsibility, which is the direction of criminal liability for vehicle manufacturers. It was confirmed that this should be taken into consideration, and the limitations on the possibility of exemption under the Product Liability Act as well as product liability in civil law were reviewed. However, considering the direction of placing responsibility for accidents on the manufacturers, it cannot be denied that the self-driving car industry may inevitably shrink. However, this is not only a matter of fact, but also a distribution of risk between users and manufacturers. If this is not achieved, it will be necessary to consider that not only will the market for self-driving cars shrink, but the spread of self-driving cars themselves may be met with skepticism.
Are ECG findings overlooked in Lyme disease, which is the cause of AV complete block?
Authors: Bektaş Osman , Akkaya Fatih
Published: January 2024

Objective: Lyme disease-associated carditis and conduction disturbances are well known, but there is insufficient data in the literature on the effects of Lyme disease on global electrocardiography (ECG) morphology. This study aims to evaluate the effects of Lyme disease on ECG morphology.
Method: The study included 48 consecutive patients who were hospitalised in our centre with a diagnosis of AV complete block between 01 January 2020 and 01 August 2023. Patients were divided into two groups as Lyme positive (Group 1) and negative (Group 2). Afterwards, demographic and laboratory data of the patients were recorded. All ECG data including ventricular rate, atrial rate, QRS duration, P wave dispersion (Pd), QTc dispersion (QTcd), and fragmented QRS were analysed from routine electrocardiograms obtained using standard extremity and chest leads at 25 mm/s and 10 mm/mV. The data obtained were compared between the groups.
Results: The mean age was 72.5(51.7-82.2) in group 1 and 74(68-79.7) in group 2, respectively. There was no significant difference between them (P= 0.593). In the study population, the ratio of males and females was similar between the groups. In ECG evaluation of the study population, no significant difference was found between atrial rate, ventricular rate, QRS duration, QTc duration and frequency of fragmented QRS (p
Peramalan Inflasi Kota Pontianak dengan Metode Double Exponential Smoothing
Authors: Dhandio David Jordy , Simanjuntak Muthiara Anantha , Martha Shantika , Supandi Supandi
Published: January 2024

Stabilitas ekonomi merupakan harapan bagi setiap negara untuk menciptakan masyarakat yang sejahtera. Stabilitas ekonomi dapat diukur salah satunya dengan menggunakan indikator inflasi. Inflasi terjadi jika terdapat kenaikan secara terus menerus pada harga barang dan jasa serta nilai mata uang mengalami pelemahan, sehingga menyebabkan laju pertumbuhan ekonomi menjadi lambat. Untuk mengantisipasi kondisi ini, diperlukan pengambilan keputusan yang tepat dalam pengendalian inflasi, salah satunya dengan menggunakan peramalan. Metode peramalan inflasi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Double Exponential Smoothing, meliputi metode Brown Exponential Smoothing dan Holt Exponential Smoothing. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan metode peramalan terbaik dalam mengukur inflasi Kota Pontianak selama bulan November 2023 hingga Desember 2024. Metode terbaik ditentukan dari uji akurasi dengan nilai MAPE, Hasil penelitian ini diperoleh bahwa metode Holt Exponential Smoothing dengan parameter = 0.9999 dan = 0.0001 merupakan metode terbaik untuk melakukan peramalan inflasi Kota Pontianak dengan nilai MAPE sebesar 0.53%.
An Overview of the Beneficial and Detrimental Consequences of Codes of Ethics in A Practical Environment
Authors: Ghafar Zanyar Nathir
Published: January 2024

The piece of writing aims to contemplate the possibility of a scenario where codes of ethics are unnecessary or unsuitably used. The potential benefits of codes of ethics are well recognized, and there is much research available on this topic. There is a significant amount of literature available on the factors that influence the acceptance of ethical norms. There is a much less number of publications discussing the ineffectiveness of ethical norms within a specific framework of reality. Insufficient attention is given to the adverse effects that arise from the incomplete use of codes of ethics. The study findings demonstrate the circumstances in which a code of ethics may be ineffective and lacking in actual impact. The study highlights how certain components of a code of ethics might result in harmful outcomes when they are embraced and put into practice.
CONSUMO DE VITAMINA D DURANTE A PANDEMIA DE COVID – 19 E IMPACTOS NA SAÚDE: UMA REVISÃO SISTEMÁTICA
Authors: Mello Paola Micaely Pivetta de , Ortega Luis do Nascimento
Published: January 2024

During the COVID-19 pandemic, vitamin D consumption was highly indicated by the actions on the immune system. This study describes vitamin D intake during the COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on health through systematic review, following the Prisma method. Five databases were used (PubMed, BVS, Scopus, CAPES and Embase). Of the 163 articles found, 11 were selected after eligibility criteria. Nine associated vitamin D deficiency with COVID-19, one assessed vitamin D administration in survivor rate and one analyzed the amount and values of vitamin D acquisition. Vitamin D levels in the pandemic are lower, as is exposure to the sun, the main form of vitamin synthesis. Studies have shown lower levels in more severe cases and greater need for non-invasive ventilation. Further studies of high levels of evidence are recommended.
TEMPO DE USO DIÁRIO DE REDES SOCIAIS E RISCO DE TRANSTORNOS ALIMENTARES E DE INSATISFAÇÃO CORPORAL EM UNIVERSITÁRIAS
Authors: Dias Claysikelle Ruiz Vieira , Lenquiste Sabrina Alves , Rocha Liane Murari , Gonzaga Luana Almeida , Gomes Rayana Loch
Published: January 2024

The aim was to evaluate the influence of time of use of social networks on the risk of eating disorders(ED) and body dissatisfaction(BD). Young female university students(n=74) answered a questionnaire consisting of body image assessment instruments, eating attitudes and questions about the use of social networks.Most students were not at risk for ED (75.7%), but were dissatisfied with their image(79.7%). Social networks were used for more than 3hours/day by 39.2% of the women. Of the total number of students at risk for ED(24.3%), the majority(13.5%) used social networks for <2h/day, while the rest (10.8%) used them for >2h/day. However, the total number of students with BD(79.7%), the majority (62.2%) used social networks for >2h/day.The risk of ED does not seem to be associated with longer use of social networks in this sample, however, most students with BD used social networks for longer.This information may guide preventive measures at universities.
Memórias e legado digital para além da vida: reflexões de jovens sobre manutenção de dados de usuários falecidos em redes sociais
Authors: Trevisan Daniele , Monteiro Luis Flávio Ferreira , Maciel Cristiano
Published: January 2024

A partir das novas formas de tecer a vida, em rede, as próximas gerações poderão constituir diferentes formas de lidar com as memórias de falecidos a partir do legado digital. Neste viés, propomos como objetivo geral compreender a percepção de jovens sobre a manutenção de dados de usuários falecidos em redes sociais. A pesquisa qualitativa foi realizada por meio da metodologia de pesquisa participante com jovens, estudantes do ensino médio, de uma escola pública. Os dados revelam que os jovens perceberam as novas formas de nos relacionarmos com as lembranças de pessoas falecidas suscitando novas reflexões sobre memórias e legados para além da vida.
Pessoas com Deficiência como Protagonistas na Construção de Software Acessível
Authors: Rocha Thayssa A. da , Rodrigues Gustavo C. , Menezes Nicoly da S. , Teran Luciano A. , Marques Ronald P. , Mota Marcelle P.
Published: January 2024

Including people with disabilities (PwD) in society involves educational, social, economic and political aspects. In the economic aspect, it is important to guarantee dignified and equal employment conditions. The software development market has been seen as an alternative for this public, however, it is necessary to better understand the challenges and realities of the effective inclusion of PwD in these environments, in order to provide an opportunity for participatory and proactive engagement. Therefore, this paper aims to bring up discussions about the importance of the PwD’s involvement in development teams to build a more diverse reality, both in software products and teams.
Pensamento Computacional Crítico como Ferramenta de Mudança Social
Authors: Falcão Taciana Pontual , Peres Flávia , Morais Dyego , França Rozelma
Published: January 2024

O pensamento computacional crítico, no bojo da educação crítica em computação, permite ampliar o enfoque cognitivo em habilidades técnicas, direcionando o desenvolvimento de tecnologias à superação de opressões. O projeto DEMULTS busca a democratização do acesso aos meios de desenvolvimento de tecnologias em contextos não hegemônicos, através do design participativo em comunidades de prática, visando facilitar o acesso de grupos marginalizados a espaços de poder tecnológico, de onde possam combater efetivamente as injustiças sociais.
A corporeidade no desenvolvimento do pensamento computacional
Authors: Santos Lara Morgado da Silva , Hoger Mayara Dal Vesco , Oliveira Murilo Paulo de , Machado Fabio Prado Galvão , Amaral Marília Abrahão
Published: January 2024

O pensamento computacional é uma habilidade ou conjunto de conhecimentos que pode ser desenvolvido ou aprendido por estudantes do ensino fundamental. Alguns trabalhos levantados mostram que o ensino do pensamento computacional através de atividades desplugadas promovem inclusão e desmistificam estereótipos Este trabalho propõe uma atividade corporal com estudantes do ensino fundamental para ensinar conceitos de pensamento computacional, utilizando apenas o corpo e alguns materiais auxiliares. O resultado desta atividade mostrou que as(os) estudantes desenvolveram algumas habilidades computacionais durante a prática e também se sentiram mais confortáveis a “programar” depois de realizarem a prática corporal.
Mulheres, Tecnologias e Design Participativo
Authors: Jesus Andreia de , Rios Fernanda , Melezinski Helen , Costa Maíra Fernandes
Published: January 2024

O presente estudo reflete sobre o Design Participativo a partir da presença das mulheres nas tecnologias. Diante do contexto brasileiro e dos debates sobre gênero, observa-se como as problemáticas culturais e sociais impactam no acesso e participação das mulheres ao mundo do trabalho, da computerização e ambientes acadêmicos dedicados a estudar as tecnologias. Deste modo, a partir de uma produção audiovisual, de curta duração e caráter educativo, busca-se apresentar, em tela, um panorama sobre as discussões de gênero nas tecnologias. Trata-se de ferramenta utilizada para questionar e propor mudanças, uma vez que o caminho para a igualdade de gênero e o empoderamento das mulheres também acontece em sala de aula.
Falha na conexão: o Ensino Remoto Emergencial (ERE) frente às Desigualdades de Acesso Digital
Authors: Costa Maíra Fernandes , Amaral Marília Abrahão , Amorim Mario Lopes
Published: January 2024

Este artigo analisa questões das entrevistas semi-estruturadas com 8 professores e professoras, sendo eles de dois colégios com características distintas: um em bairro periférico e outro central. A pesquisa propôs analisar o trabalho das professoras e professores de Ensino Médio da rede Estadual do Paraná durante a necessidade de Ensino Emergencial Remoto (ERE). As respostas fazem parte da categoria de análise “Interação com alunos e alunas no processo didático-pedagógico”, buscando entender quais foram as plataformas utilizadas (quando utilizadas), a frequência dos alunos nestes ambientes e as alternativas que foram criadas para manter o diálogo com os alunos durante este período frente a exclusão digital de muitos deles.
Uralte Gegenwart
Authors: Schwinge Ernst-Richard
Published: January 2024

Der Band vereinigt Arbeiten, die den Blick dafür schärfen wollen, daß Rezeption der Antike nicht, ohne bestimmte Probleme aufzuwerfen, vonstatten geht. Hauptparadigma ist die Deutsche Klassik, für deren Umgang mit der Antike das Gegeneinander von klassizistischer und historisierender Sicht grundlegend ist, was mitunter bei den Autoren bis zu spannungsvollen Aporien führen kann. Behandelt werden insbesondere Goethe, Herder, Schiller und – in einem bisher nicht veröffentlichten Beitrag – Nietzsche.
Performance Comparison between Naive Bayes and Machine Learning Algorithms for News Classification
Authors: Veziroğlu Merve , Veziroğlu Erkan , Bucak İhsan Ömür
Published: January 2024

The surge in digital content has fueled the need for automated text classification methods, particularly in news categorization using natural language processing (NLP). This work introduces a Python-based news classification system, focusing on Naive Bayes algorithms for sorting news headlines into predefined categories. Naive Bayes is favored for its simplicity and effectiveness in text classification. Our objective includes exploring the creation of a news classification system and evaluating various Naive Bayes algorithms. The dataset comprises BBC News headlines spanning technology, business, sports, entertainment, and politics. Analyzing category distribution and headline length provided dataset insights. Data preprocessing involved text cleaning, stop word removal, and feature extraction with Count Vectorization to convert text into machine-readable numerical data. Four Naive Bayes variants were evaluated: Gaussian, Multinomial, Complement, and Bernoulli. Performance metrics such as accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score were employed, and Naive Bayes algorithms were compared to other classifiers like Logistic Regression, Random Forest, Linear Support Vector Classification (SVC), Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) Classifier, Decision Trees, and K-Nearest Neighbors. The MLP Classifier achieved the highest accuracy, underscoring its effectiveness, while Multinomial and Complement Naive Bayes proved robust in news classification. Effective data preprocessing played a pivotal role in accurate categorization. This work contributes insights into Naive Bayes algorithm performance in news classification, benefiting NLP and news categorization systems.
Perspective Chapter: Including the Private Sector to Achieve Universal Health Coverage
Authors: Adyas Atikah , Jet Alamin Ahmad , Thabrany Hasbullah
Published: January 2024

In implementing Universal Health Coverage (UHC), public healthcare financing is the dependable mechanisms to ensure equity and to minimize catastrophic health spending. However, public financing often creates long queueing and low satisfaction of the community and is less responsive to the demand from the public. On the other hand, the private sector has advantages in responding to the demand of the patients, higher efficiencies, and having higher customer or patient satisfaction. The combination of the two sectors is the best in achieving UHC. The government must provide and regulate the room for the private sector. However, the private sector has limitations in developing services because of obstacles in providing appropriate healthcare for everyone without conflicting with the business goals. In general, there are three roles of the private sector to be adopted in the health system of countries to ensure equitable access to quality healthcare, provide options, facilitate higher satisfaction for patients, increase private sector opportunities to participate in providing health services, that potentially establish competition that will improve the quality of services.
Indigenous knowledge and participative cultural heritage mapping in the Ebo forest in Cameroon
Authors: Juscar Ndjounguep
Published: January 2024

The populations in the EBO forest in Cameroon, mainly the Banen tribe with 4 clans in about 47 villages, had to leave their homes and communities behind in the years 1960s because of post-independence war. The identification and mapping of their cultural heritage is today a step to advocate for the government to facilitate their return in their customary land. Participatory mapping techniques use with their consent, of their cultural heritage, was done to understand their customary land in which they participated in the data collection and validation. The results show that the resettlement efforts, of the Banen people, often claimed since the 1970s is to prioritize immediate needs to return to their ancestral land. The Cameroon government, who had earlier proposed the area for conservation because of its biodiversity richness, has not seen the need to reinstall these people in an area of intact forest. These communities, through participatory mapping, have addressed the loss of their cultural heritage and need for careful planning and coordination. Since cultural heritage plays a vital role in defining the identity of displaced “Banen” communities, they look disconnected. It is crucial for the government to recognize and respect their cultural identity to ensure that their heritage is preserved.
Pain control
Authors: Elsagh Azamolmolouk , Jashni Motlagh Alireza
Published: January 2024

Some studies show that each newborn suffers daily from 16 to 35 painful procedures in their hospitalization. Some of these procedures are IV line access, heel stick, intubation, ET tube suctioning, NG lavage, diaper change, repositioning, and minor surgeries such as circumcision. As neonates cannot reflect their pain obviously, we should use attitude and physiologic responses to triggers for pain assessment. These physiologic responses consist of increasing heart rate and blood pressure, intensity of crying, gesture, desaturation, sweating, immune responses, flexion of extremities, change in ICP, increasing catecholamines. Attitude reflections consist of muscle spasms, insomnia, grimaces, change in circadian cycle. The goal of pain relief is to help the newborn adapt to the created circumstance and reduce stress during the procedure. Pain relief can be achieved by pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical methods (e.g., surgery) or a combination of these methods based on the specific needs and goals of each patient. Some of the non-pharmaceutical management are sucrose, swaddling, facilitated tucking, Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC), Non Nutritive Sucking, positioning, massage, breastfeeding. Pharmacologic management consists of non-opioid analgesia and opioid analgesia. All of these methods can reduce the pain of newborns and give them a higher quality of life.
Recent advances on Image edge detection
Authors: BenHajyoussef Anis , Saidani Asma
Published: January 2024

This chapter delves into the intricate field of image edge detection, a pivotal aspect of computer vision and image processing. It provides a comprehensive exploration of the underlying principles, methodologies, and algorithms employed in the identification and extraction of significant contours in digital images. Traditional edge detection techniques, as well as advanced approaches that are based deep learning, are thoroughly examined.
Seeds of Resilience: Physiology and Mechanisms of Hardseededness
Authors: Ermis Sıtkı , Özden Eren , Yıldırım Ertan
Published: January 2024

Physical dormancy, also known as hardseededness or seed coat impermeability, is a condition that occurs when a seed’s coat becomes impermeable, preventing the entry of water, gases, and other external factors. This impermeability serves as a protective mechanism, delaying germination until suitable conditions are met. Factors influencing hard seed formation fall into two categories: internal and external. Internal factors pertain to plant-specific traits, such as species and seed morphology. Genetic variations and seed coat characteristics play a role in shaping hard seed formation. External factors, based on environmental conditions, also influence seed development. Soil nutrient availability, water supply, humidity, temperature, and light conditions impact seed coat permeability and germination. Additionally, the timing of seed maturity, drying, and storage conditions can contribute to hard seed formation. The interplay of these factors determines a plant’s tendency to produce hard seeds. Overcoming dormancy caused by seed coat impermeability involves various methods, including physical, chemical, and mechanical approaches. These methods enhance water and gas permeability, facilitating germination. The choice of method depends on seed characteristics and desired outcomes in breaking dormancy. This section emphasizes the impact of hardseededness on seed quality and the application of methods to enhance germination, underscoring its significance in seed science.
Acid Mine Drainage Treatment and Control: Remediation Methodologies, Mineral Beneficiation and Water Reclamation Strategies
Authors: Mapukata Sivuyisiwe , Mudzanani Khuthadzo , Maurice Chauke Nyiko , Maiga Deogratius , Phadi Terence , Raphulu Mpfunzeni
Published: January 2024

Although mining plays a vital role in the economic development of many countries, devastating environmental repercussions are associated with it. The extraction of mineral resources inevitably results in the generation of acid mine drainage (AMD), which entails intricate oxidation interactions that occur under ambient conditions in abandoned and active mines. The arbitrary release of AMD can lead to a series of long-term environmental problems, degradation of aquatic habitats and health complications. Over the years, extensive progress has been made in the prevention and treatment of AMD, with some processes even progressing as far as the commercialisation level. This chapter therefore discusses the process of AMD formation, preventative and control measures and AMD treatment options applicable to both operating and developed mines, as well as to researchers interested in environmental remediation and rehabilitation. Advances in mineral beneficiation and water reclamation strategies employed in the AMD treatment processes are highlighted to shed light on strides being made towards promoting a circular economy in mining industries. The featured work therefore demonstrates the global progress towards environmental protection and water resource management. The challenges and loopholes associated with the current AMD treatment methods are deliberated and possible future prospects in the field are proposed.
Advancements and Operational Insights in the Bakken Shale: An Integrated Analysis of Drilling, Completion, and Artificial Lift Practices
Authors: Merzoug Ahmed , Laalam Aimen , Helms Lynn , Ouadi Habib , Harju John , Stanley Tomomewo Olusegun
Published: January 2024

This chapter provides an in-depth analysis of the Bakken Petroleum System (BPS) in the Williston Basin, focusing on Improved Oil Recovery (IOR) techniques. It explores the significant advancements in drilling, completion designs, and artificial lift methods that have markedly boosted oil recovery in this prime unconventional resource basin. The chapter traces the history of oil production in the Williston Basin, highlighting the transformative impact of horizontal drilling and multistage fracturing. It delves into advanced drilling operations, emphasizing the role of high-performance motors, geosteering, and real-time downhole data in enhancing drilling efficiency. Additionally, the chapter examines the evolution of well-completion strategies, from traditional to innovative horizontal completions, and assesses their effectiveness through data analytics, numerical modeling, and field studies. The vital role of artificial lift systems in combating rapid production decline in shale formations is analyzed, comparing the efficacy of ESPs, Sucker Rod Pumps, and Gas Lifts. The interconnectivity between operational aspects is discussed, providing a unified view of how integrated strategies and technological advancements drive optimized oil recovery in the Bakken formation. This study aims to offer insights and strategic guidance for industry stakeholders, particularly concerning IOR in unconventional oil resources.
Perspective Chapter: Role of Anti-TPO Association with the Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases
Authors: Neupane Nurakant
Published: January 2024

An organization of cells and molecules with specific functions for protection against infection is known as the immune system. When immune system reacts against its own cells known as an autoimmune disease. Autoimmune thyroid diseases are grouped under endocrinal diseases in which the immune system attacks the body’s own thyroid gland. In autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD), an immunological alteration occurs in the follicular cells of the thyroid gland. In this case, certain enzymes, surface proteins, and receptors such as thyroperoxidase, thyroglobulin, and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptors start acting as antigens; against these antigens, relevant antibodies are produced by the body, and cell-mediated cytotoxicity gets induced. These autoimmune endocrinal diseases are characterized by the presence of high titers of antibodies like thyroperoxidase antibodies (TPO-Abs) and thyroglobulin antibodies, produced by our own body system. In conclusion, anti-TPO can play a crucial role in the diagnosis of autoimmune thyroiditis. Anti-TPO is the prognosis marker for the child and adult who have normal thyroid function tests in euthyroidism, subclinical thyroidism. Thus, anti-TPO along with thyroid function tests play a substantial role in the clinical management of autoimmune thyroiditis.
The Pathophysiology of Hepatic Encephalopathy at the Level of Gut-Liver-Brain Axis: The Role of Resident Innate Immune Cells
Authors: Sepehrinezhad Ali , Shahbazi Ali
Published: January 2024

Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) reflects a wide spectrum of frequent and complex neurological complications that are associated with advanced liver diseases. It significantly impacts the quality of life and daily activities of those affected. Despite many investigations, the precise pathophysiology of HE is still under discussion. One contributing factor believed to be responsible for HE is the accumulation of neurotoxic substances in the brain such as ammonia, mercaptans, short-chain fatty acids, and lipopolysaccharides, originating from the dysfunctional liver. Strong data, however, suggests that HE is a complex symptom, and inflammation interacts synergistically with ammonia to worsen gliopathy and neuronal destruction. Recent data suggests that HE might come from the intestines. Increased activity of gut innate immune cells, especially macrophages and dendritic cells, can initiate inflammatory signals from the gut to systemic circulation, liver tissue, and finally the central nervous system. In this chapter, all inflammatory mechanisms at the levels of the gut-liver-brain axis following cirrhosis and HE are presented in detail. The chapter highlights the role of intestinal innate immune cells, liver Kupffer cells, and brain microglia in cirrhosis and the progression of HE.
Food Safety
Authors: Dugassa Fufa Desta
Published: January 2024

Food safety is a worldwide topic that affects a wide range of aspects of daily living. For consumers’ health, identifying sources of pollutants in food production and processing, as well as establishing proper production practices, is critical. The factors that produce food contamination may threaten its safety for consumption, making foods potentially hazardous to human health. As a result, a range of resources must be used to prevent food contamination at every level of the food chain, from harvest to consumption. Despite the fact that the factors endangering food safety appear to be straightforward to control in theory, studies and current practices reveal that there is still a long way to go in practice. The purpose of this chapter is to identify the factors that influence food safety and provide effective intervention approaches for food-borne illness and additionally utilized for food industry regulation, consumer health protection, and consumer safety. Despite the importance of educating customers about food safety, more consumers are likely to desire safer food in the first place. Setting food safety regulations and standards will include increased input from the whole food industry.
Review on Development and Application of Eco-Benign Surfactants
Authors: Obi Chidi , N. Mgbemena Mary-Ann
Published: January 2024

The development of eco-benign surfactants is the foundation of ingredients utilized in the pharmaceutical, laundry, household, and personal-care cleaning products. The types of surfactants, such as anionic, cationic, nonionic, zwitterionic, properties, toxicity, and thermodynamic feasibilities, are reviewed. The properties, such as critical micelle concentration (CMC), Kraft temperature, critical packing parameter (CPP), and foaming form the basis of solubility of these surfactants in reaction mixtures. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) is the fundamental concentration at which micelle formation is observed or noticed. It helps in the thermodynamic evaluation of surfactant activities in reaction mixtures. However, the Kraft temperature, which is also referred to as the melting point of micelles, is the foundation of the solubility of surfactants. The Kraft temperature is the point of intersection between the critical micelle concentration and solubility curves. The application of eco-benign surfactants is a developing trend in pharmaceutical, laundry, households, personal care, and remediation processes.
Local Frequencies in Superoscillatory Phenomena
Authors: Vampa Victoria , Videla Fabian
Published: January 2024

Superoscillations correspond to a non-linear phenomenon theoretically addressed by Aharonov in 1991. The resulting waves or functions have the particularity of being of limited bandwidth and contain faster amplitude variations than that corresponding to the fastest components obtained applying the Fourier transform. Also, the amplitude developed in the region where it occurs is small, since it decreases exponentially. These characteristics prevent its determination using the Fourier transform since it is not a stationary phenomenon. With this perspective, we have tested other methods for determining these features, such as wavelet transforms and Hilbert-Huang transform. Wavelet transforms can capture both low- and high-frequency components of the signal. The Hilbert-Huang transform allows the decomposing of a signal into the so-called intrinsic mode functions (IMF) together with a trend, and obtaining instantaneous frequencies. We also proposed a methodology using Gabor-adaptive windows to perform detection. Finally, filtering results were added using a multiresolution analysis decomposition that allows separating the super-oscillatory part of one and therefore localizes the oscillations in time, that is, local frequencies.
Emerging and Neglected Viral Zoonoses in Europe
Authors: Vilibić-Čavlek Tatjana , Savić Vladimir , Židovec-Lepej Snježana , Bogdanić Maja , Stevanović Vladimir , Barbić Ljubo
Published: January 2024

Zoonotic diseases are an important public health problem worldwide. Two large groups of zoonotic viruses include arboviruses and rodent-borne viruses. Avian influenza, SARS-CoV-2, hepatitis E, and recently re-emerged monkeypox are also medically important viral zoonoses. Tick-borne encephalitis is the most important tick-borne disease in Europe with a growing incidence. West Nile infections are continuously reported as small or large outbreaks. Although the number of Usutu virus infections showed an increasing trend, this arbovirus is still neglected as well as Toscana, Tahyna, and Bhanja viruses. The number of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever cases is increasing in the recent years. Hantaviruses are the most important rodent-borne viruses. Orthohantavirus Puumala is responsible for more than 90% of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome cases in Europe; however, Dobrava orthohantavirus is also recorded. Lymphocytic choriomeningitis is a neglected viral zoonosis with unknown prevalence. Avian influenza outbreaks in poultry are on the rise over the past two decades, with a consequent increase in human infections. The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has highlighted the importance of coronaviruses in human diseases. Hepatitis E virus is an emerging virus with zoonotic genotype 3 the most frequently detected in Europe. The epidemiology of monkeypox has changed with considerable human-to-human transmission, predominantly among men who have sex with men.
Development of Drug-Delivery Textiles Using Different Electrospinning Techniques: A Review
Authors: C. Gouveia Isabel , Mouro Cláudia
Published: January 2024

Electrospinning, a remarkable and versatile technique has been related to medical textiles, aiming to produce nanomaterials for drug delivery and tissue regeneration applications. Furthermore, electrospun nanofibrous materials with unique properties as favorable pore size distribution, porosity, surface area, and wettability, along with effective mechanical properties, are the frontrunner solutions. Also, the features of the nanofibrous structures can be designed and optimized by controlling electrospinning parameters related to the solution properties, the setup parameters, and the environmental conditions to design nanofibrous textile materials for the desired applications. Further, to accomplish the required functionality of the drug-delivery systems, a rather broad range of drugs have been loaded into the nanofibers using different electrospinning techniques, namely the blending, side-by-side, coaxial, tri-axial, emulsion, and multi-needle electrospinning, in order to accomplish specific drug-release profiles of the designed nanofibrous textiles. Thus, this chapter describes the different electrospinning techniques that have been utilized in the production of the textile nanofibrous materials as the application of these materials in bone, nerve, periodontal, and vascular regeneration, as well as in wound dressings, personal-protective-equipment (PPE), and cancer treatment, providing an overview of the recent studies and highlighting the current challenges and future perspectives for their medical applications.
Theoretical Analysis of the Solid State and Optical Characteristics of Calcium Sulphide [CaS] Thin Film
Authors: Ifeanyi Ugwu Emmanuel
Published: January 2024

The analysis of the calcium sulphide thin film material which is one of the families of chalcogenide groups of thin film materials was carried out in this work using a theoretical approach for which the propagated wave through the medium of the thin film that is deposited on a glass substrate is considered to be a scalar wave in nature. The thin film material is sectioned into twos, first section is termed homogeneous reference dielectric constant, εref where no thin film is deposited on the substrate and the second part is termed perturbed dielectric function, Δεpz containing the deposited thin film on the glass substrate. These two terms were substituted on the defined scalar wave equation that was subsequently solved using the method of separation of variable which invariably utilized in the transformation of the equation into the second type of Volterra equation. On the other hand, Green’s function approach was also introduced in order to arrive at the model equation that culminates in an expression showcasing the wave propagated through the thin film material medium. This was subsequently applied in the computation of waves, ψz that is propagating through the material medium for various wavelengths within the ultraviolet, visible, and near-infrared region of the electromagnetic wave spectrum for which the influence of the aforementioned dielectric constant and function were invoked. The computed values from this mechanism were in turn utilized in the analysis of the band gap, optical, and solid-state properties of the calcium sulphide (CaS) thin film materials.