bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Parenting Teens With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Authors: Modesto-Lowe Vania , Chaplin Margaret , Godsay Viraj , Soovajian Victoria
Published: July 2014

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) presents in childhood with inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity and is associated with functional impairments. These children tend to display a variety of disruptive behaviors, which may worsen in adolescence. Teens with ADHD may show high levels of defiance, posing significant challenges for parents. Early efforts to understand parenting in the context of teen ADHD reveal high levels of parental stress and reactivity in response to the teen’s ADHD symptoms. Subsequent research recognized that some of these parents have ADHD or other psychopathology that may contribute to maladaptive parenting. However, some parents adjust and demonstrate optimism and resilience in the face of their teens’ ADHD. Recent research has identified parental factors (eg, emotional intelligence) and interventions (eg, mindfulness training) that may improve parenting/teen relationships and the developmental outcomes of teens. This article explores parenting teens with ADHD with a focus on these novel interventions.
Longitudinal sex differences of externalising and internalising depression symptom trajectories: Implications for assessment of depression in men from an online study
Authors: Rice Simon M , Fallon Barry J , Aucote Helen M , Möller-Leimkühler AnneMaria , Treeby Matt S , Amminger G Paul
Published: July 2014

Background:

Clinical reports indicate that men tend to engage in a range of externalising behaviours in response to negative emotional states. Such externalising behaviours have been theorised to reflect a male sub-type of depression that is inconsistent with current diagnostic criteria, resulting in impeded detection and treatment rates of depressed men.

Aims:

In addressing previous study design limitations, this article presents self-report longitudinal data for the multidimensional Male Depression Risk Scale (MDRS-22) against ratings of diagnostic criteria for major depressive disorder as assessed by the Patient Health Questionnaire–Depression Module (PHQ-9). Longitudinal psychometric properties of the MDRS-22 are reported and symptom trajectories described.

Method:

A sample of 233 adults (males = 125; 54%) completed measures of externalising and prototypic depression symptoms at Time 1, and again at Time 2 (15 weeks later). Psychometric properties were examined and within-subjects analyses undertaken.

Results:

The MDRS-22 demonstrated stable internal consistency and test–retest correlations equivalent to those observed for the PHQ-9. Both prototypic and externalising depression symptoms increased with experiences of recent negative life events. Marked gender differences were observed. Males experiencing ≥ 2 stressful negative life events reported significantly higher MDRS-22 scores at both Time 1 and Time 2 relative to comparable females.

Conclusion:

Findings contribute to the validity of the MDRS-22 as a measure of externalising depression symptoms. Results suggest that while both males and females experience externalising depression symptoms, these symptoms may be particularly elevated for men following experiences of negative life events. Findings suggest that externalising symptoms may be a special feature of depression for men. Given the problematic nature of such externalising symptoms (e.g. excessive substance use, aggression, risk-taking), their clinical assessment appears warranted.
The making of a civil society politics in social work: Myth and misrepresentation with the Global Agenda
Authors: Gray Mel , Webb Stephen A
Published: July 2014

This article addresses ‘the making’ of the Global Agenda in social work by situating the process of agenda-setting itself as an object of critical reflection. It discusses the way in which the agenda positions social work as part of a global civil society network somewhat removed from grassroots social work and raises concerns about its failure to address the causes of or possible solutions to social and economic inequality. The authors deploy recent empirical research relating to object-oriented politics, particularly the ‘no issue, no public’ debate on political mobilization as a more viable alternative in contributing to structural change.
Promoting environmental justice through green social work practice: A key challenge for practitioners and educators
Authors: Dominelli Lena
Published: July 2014

Environmental crises associated with disasters exacerbate existing socio-economic and cultural inequalities. This article argues for the inclusion of environmental justice in contemporary social work practice as one way of promoting inclusionary social work that meets some of the challenges of the 21st century. It does so by exploring the implications of environmental degradation and its reinforcement of structural inequalities in Sri Lanka following the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami and draws on a three-year research project funded by the Economic and Social Sciences Research Council in the UK that led to the development of a multidisciplinary approach to disasters that is described in the author’s recent book Green Social Work.
‘Stop: Now we are speaking!’ A creative and dissident approach of empowering disadvantaged young people
Authors: Wrentschur Michael , Moser Michaela
Published: July 2014

This article presents the aims, process and achievements of the project ‘Stop: Now We are Speaking!’ Taking a creative and dissident approach the project set out to improve the situation of disadvantaged young people by strengthening their capabilities to manage their own lives and raise awareness for the necessary policy changes. Applying extended participatory theatre methods and a collective process of developing policy recommendations, the project succeeded in improving the participants’ lives, bridging the policy gap between decision-makers and the concrete realities of disadvantaged young people and highlighting the key systemic and concrete policy changes that are needed.
Social policy education for change: South African student perspectives on the Global Agenda for Social Work and Social Development
Authors: Raniga Tanusha , Zelnick Jennifer
Published: July 2014

Social work students deal with complex social problems such as poverty, unemployment and the devastating effects of HIV and AIDS in their practice, education and training and it is important to acknowledge that these developmental challenges have global dimensions. The four foundational pillars in the Global Agenda on Social Work and Social Development provide a framework for social work policy education. A project using this framework was implemented in South Africa and the United States. This article discusses the findings of an exploratory qualitative research project based on 58 student final papers from South Africa.
Useful and Beautiful: A Reading of Gregory of Nyssa’s On Virginity and a Proposal for Understanding Early Christian Literature
Authors: Ludlow Morwenna
Published: July 2014

The idea that Gregory of Nyssa’s work On Virginity was a piece of advocacy for Basil the Great’s ascetic programme has recently been challenged from various perspectives. Here I examine Gregory’s creation of a particular authorial voice through his manipulation of certain stock themes from classical literature on marriage; I show that De virginitate employs a range of reference hitherto unrecognized by scholars and is not just artful but poetic. By challenging boundaries between rhetoric, philosophy, and poetry, and the useful and beautiful in the arts (boundaries which modern readers impose on ancient texts), I suggest that Gregory explicitly defends both virginity and marriage; he also implicitly gives a theological defence of his use of artful rhetoric. On Virginity is thus as much about theological poetics as it is about marriage or celibacy.
A damage model for the prediction of static and fatigue-driven delamination in composite laminates
Authors: Donadon Maurício V , Lauda Diogo P
Published: July 2014

This paper presents a continuum damage mechanics failure model to predict mixed-mode delamination growth in composite laminates subjected to static and high-cycle fatigue loading. The proposed formulation has been developed for robust nonlinear finite element formulations based on explicit direct time integration schemes, particularly the central difference method. The failure model has been implemented as a user-defined material model into ABAQUS/Explicit finite element code within C3D8 hexahedron solid elements. Numerical simulations were performed at coupon level for double cantilever beam, end-notched-flexure, mixed-mode bending and mixed-mode flexure specimens. Predictions obtained using the proposed failure model were compared with experimental results available in the open literature. Good agreement between numerical and experimental results was found.
Effects of polyethylene and polyurethane Teflon-fillers on the energy absorption behavior of composite tubes during the flattening tests
Authors: Tavassolimanesh Ahmad , Niknejad Abbas , Assaee Hassan
Published: July 2014

This article performs an experimental analysis on the E-glass/polyester and vinylester composite tubes with circular cross-section subjected to the lateral compression loading during the flattening process in three different filling conditions: empty, polyethylene, and polyurethane Teflon-filled. Energy absorption behavior and failure response of the composite tubes during the lateral compression tests in the quasi-static condition are studied. The effects of Teflon-type, Teflon-filling, Teflon wall thickness and length, tube inner diameter, fiber fabric layer, and tube length are investigated on the crashworthiness parameters of lateral load, total absorbed energy, and specific absorbed energy (SAE) of the circular composite tubes. The experiments introduce the cylindrical polyethylene Teflon with the large wall thickness as the appropriate filler into the composite tubes, but the experimental measurements show that filling the tubes by the polyurethane Teflon-filler has undesirable effects on the mechanical behavior of the flattened specimens. Also, according to the flattening tests, it is found that in the polyethylene Teflon-filled specimens, the tubes with the vinylester resin have the higher SAE, compared with the corresponding specimens with the polyester resin.
Bone Marrow–derived Cell Therapy for Oral Mucosal Repair after Irradiation
Authors: I T. , Sumita Y. , Minamizato T. , Umebayashi M. , Liu Y. , Tran S.D. , Asahina I.
Published: July 2014

Oral mucositis (ulcer) is a serious and painful side effect for patients with head and neck cancer following radiation therapy. However, current clinical strategies cannot efficiently prevent the occurrence of oral mucositis. In this study, we investigated whether bone marrow–derived cells (BMDCs) prevented the occurrence and/or decreased the severity of radiation-induced oral mucositis. Fresh concentrated BMDCs from male C3H mice were transplanted intravenously into female mice after tongue irradiation. For 14 days postirradiation, the changes of body weight and the time courses of ulceration were observed. Until the ulcer reached maximum size (7 days postirradiation), macroscopic and histologic analyses of harvested tongues were performed to detect the behavior of donor BMDCs. Between 2 and 5 days postirradiation, BMDCs-transplanted mice showed more expression of stem cell markers (c-Kit, Sca-1) and EGFR and fewer apoptotic cells when compared with nontransplanted control mice (irradiation group). On day 7, there were fewer and smaller ulcers observed in the BMDCs-transplanted group. Tongues of these mice had preserved their epithelial thickness, and regenerative activities (blood vessels formation, cell proliferation) were higher than they were in the irradiation group. Fluorescently labeled BMDCs were not detected in tongue epithelium but rather in connective tissue (dermis) just below the basal cell layer. These findings suggest that exogenous BMDCs behave to reduce radiogenic oral mucositis in a paracrine manner.
Bourdieu, Social Capital and Online Interaction
Authors: Julien Chris
Published: July 2014

While there has been much discussion in recent decades on the nature of social capital and its importance in online interactions, it is my contention that these discussions have been dominated by the American Communitarian tradition. In this article, I begin with an overview of American Communitarianism to identify the key elements therein that are found in contemporary theories of social capital. Following this, I expose some of the weaknesses of this tradition and apply Bourdieu’s distinctive theoretical framework to online interactions to demonstrate the fecundity of Bourdieu’s sociological perspective when applied to contemporary online interactions. To do this, I examine interactions online that involve ‘internet memes’, as digital inhabitants themselves colloquially define them. It is my contention that an agonistic model, rather than a communitarian one, best describes the online interactions of digital inhabitants.
Individual and class room predictors of same-cultural friendship preferences in multicultural schools
Authors: Stefanek Elisabeth , Strohmeier Dagmar , van de Schoot Rens
Published: July 2014

This study was an investigation of individual and contextual predictors for same-cultural friendship preferences among non-immigrant ( N = 125), Turkish ( N = 196) and former Yugoslavian ( N = 256) immigrant youths ( M age = 14.39 years) in 36 multicultural classes. At the individual level age, gender, cultural group, number of friends, and acculturation variables, such as immigrant status, cultural pride and racist victimization were investigated. At the class level, predictors drawn from contact theory such as cultural diversity and multicultural education were analyzed. Multilevel analyses have revealed that being a former Yugoslavian first and second generation immigrant, being a Turkish first generation immigrant, having fewer friends, a high level of cultural pride and a high level of cultural diversity in classes are related to more same-cultural friendship preferences. The present findings highlight the importance of acculturation-related and contextual factors for same-cultural friendship preferences.
Competitive authoritarianism and popular protest: Evidence from Serbia under Milošević
Authors: Vladisavljević Nebojša
Published: July 2014

This article explores the relationship between competitive authoritarianism and popular protest. Building upon comparative regime analysis and social movement research, it argues that this hybrid regime type facilitates popular protest by providing opposition forces with considerable institutional resources to organize themselves and confront regime elites, along with grievances that provide strong incentives for popular challenges. In turn, popular protest may trigger regime crisis and extract important concessions from regime incumbents. In the long run, popular politics strongly shapes the interests, identities and capacities of regime elites and opposition forces, as well as the regime’s formal and/or informal institutions, and may lead to government change and/or regime change. Evidence is provided from Serbia under Milošević, which experienced massive opposition protest campaigns in 1991, 1992, 1996-1997, 1999 and 2000, which resulted in regime change.
Social Science and Neuroscience beyond Interdisciplinarity: Experimental Entanglements
Authors: Fitzgerald Des , Callard Felicity
Published: July 2014

This article is an account of the dynamics of interaction across the social sciences and neurosciences. Against an arid rhetoric of ‘interdisciplinarity’, it calls for a more expansive imaginary of what experiment – as practice and ethos – might offer in this space. Arguing that opportunities for collaboration between social scientists and neuroscientists need to be taken seriously, the article situates itself against existing conceptualizations of these dynamics, grouping them under three rubrics: ‘critique’, ‘ebullience’ and ‘interaction’. Despite their differences, each insists on a distinction between sociocultural and neurobiological knowledge, or does not show how a more entangled field might be realized. The article links this absence to the ‘regime of the inter-’, an ethic of interdisciplinarity that guides interaction between disciplines on the understanding of their pre-existing separateness. The argument of the paper is thus twofold: (1) that, contra the ‘regime of the inter-’, it is no longer practicable to maintain a hygienic separation between sociocultural webs and neurobiological architecture; (2) that the cognitive neuroscientific experiment, as a space of epistemological and ontological excess, offers an opportunity to researchers, from all disciplines, to explore and register this realization.
Together We Innovate
Authors: Duus Rikke , Cooray Muditha
Published: July 2014

In a global business environment, marketing education must support students to develop cross-cultural agility and adeptness with an aim to enhance their employability. This article contributes with an experiential cross-cultural exercise that enables students to develop new enterprises in collaboration with other students in a different country through virtual teamwork. The exercise exposes students to practical cross-cultural learning, enterprise development, and virtual team management. Results from students’ reflection journals indicate that the exercise is enjoyable, builds confidence in a range of skills, and prepares students for future employment. We offer guidance and direction on how to design and execute this experiential cross-cultural exercise and also highlight the challenges faced and strategies for success.
The business of child detention: charitable co-option, migrant advocacy and activist outrage
Authors: Tyler Imogen , Gill Nick , Conlon Deirdre , Oeppen Ceri
Published: July 2014

In 2010 the British government announced that the outrage of child detention for immigration purposes was to end. Simultaneously, however, it commissioned the opening of a new family detention centre called CEDARS. An acronym for Compassion, Empathy, Dignity, Approachability, Respect and Support, CEDARS is run under novel governance arrangements by the Home Office, private security company G4S and the children’s charity Barnardo’s. This article draws on focus group research with migrant advocacy groups, to examine the ways in which Barnardo’s’ role within CEDARS is variously imagined as mitigating and/or legitimating the use of detention as a border control mechanism. In particular we ask: what are the consequences of the co-option of charities and voluntary organisations within the immigration detention market? Has the neoliberal trend towards the ‘professionalisation of dissent’ diminished political opposition to immigration detention in Britain and the wider world? 1 Has humanitarian activism on behalf of migrants (unintentionally) contributed to the exponential growth of for-profit migrant detention markets?
Labour militancy deferred: racial state interventions and the California farm worker struggle
Authors: Cruz Adrian
Published: July 2014

This article explains how the US’s employment of racial state projects directly affected efforts to unionise farm workers in California – the 1942 Bracero Program which imported Mexican agricultural workers into the US Southwest, and Japanese internment, which forcibly moved Japanese people from their homes in US Pacific coast states to internment camps situated throughout the country. Both projects decimated the momentum and militancy of the farm worker movement. Thus, the projects created a period of suspended social movement activity in which farm labour organisers directed their energies away from confrontation with growers and towards confrontations with the state. The state’s emergence as a central actor in the farm labour struggle managed to exploit the differences in terms of land-ownership/class and citizenship rights between groups of workers: ‘white’ Americans, Mexican Americans, Japanese, Filipino and Braceros – non-citizen Mexican workers brought in on a temporary basis. All of which weakened the capacity for joint action – until the mid-1960s.
Rufus E. Fennell: a literary Pan-Africanist in Britain
Authors: Høgsbjerg Christian
Published: July 2014

Rufus E. Fennell (1887–1974) was a remarkable black intellectual and activist, born in America, but possibly of Caribbean descent. Now almost completely forgotten, he made an important contribution to Pan-Africanism and the struggle for racial justice in Britain, where he spent much of his life. He also worked in the theatre and appeared alongside Paul Robeson in the 1937 film Jericho. And, most interestingly, he wrote a hitherto completely unknown screenplay for Robeson on Haiti, The Black Prophet, on the themes of race, empire and revolution. This article attempts to explore Fennell’s life and work more fully, in particular The Black Prophet.
Swiss referendum: flying the flag for nativism
Authors: Abu-Hayyeh Reem , Murray Graham , Fekete Liz
Published: July 2014

The passing of a recent referendum in Switzerland, proposed by the Swiss People’s Party (SVP) in order to halt ‘mass immigration’, is being lauded by Europe’s far Right as a victory for ‘direct democracy’. Here the authors argue that the form of participatory democracy that allowed the referendum to take place has brought about the institutionalisation of xeno-racism, rolling back over forty years of anti-racist reform and leaving migrant workers from other EU countries in the same vulnerable conditions that workers from southern Europe and the Balkans endured in Switzerland in the years following the second world war: with no rights to settlement, they were open to exploitation. The authors warn that the SVP’s victory is a sign of the growing tendency across Europe of populist politicians to push centre parties further rightwards.
Capacity and production planning for a hybrid system with manufacturing and remanufacturing facilities
Authors: Lee Chul-Won , Doh Hyoung-Ho , Lee Dong-Ho
Published: July 2014

This study proposes an integrated model for capacity and production planning in a hybrid production system with manufacturing and remanufacturing facilities. The manufacturing facility produces new products from raw materials, while the remanufacturing facility produces remanufactured products by disassembling, reprocessing and reassembling end-of-use/life products. The problem is to determine capacity requirements and production quantities at manufacturing and remanufacturing facilities, together with subcontracting quantities, to satisfy the demands over a given planning horizon. The objective is to minimize the sum of shutdown, production, inventory holding and subcontracting costs. In particular, this study considers the budget constraint that restricts the cost required to change manufacturing and remanufacturing capacities. An integer programming model is developed to represent the integrated problem mathematically, and then, due to the problem complexity, two linear programming relaxation–based heuristics, each of which fixes the binary variables using a systematic method, are suggested. Computational experiments were done on a number of test instances, and the test results show that the heuristics give near-optimal solutions.
Service, sex, and security: Gendered peacekeeping economies in Liberia and the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Authors: Jennings Kathleen M.
Published: July 2014

This article uses the concept of the peacekeeping economy to examine how peacekeepers – as individuals – and peacekeeping – as a complex of institutions, policy and practice – interact with, and inevitably shape, the societies in which they operate. It focuses on how peacekeeping economies are gendered, and the implications of this gendering. The article first examines three types of work characteristic of the peacekeeping economies in Liberia and the Democratic Republic of the Congo – namely domestic service, sex work, and private security. The United Nation’s (UN’s) institutional responses to these sectors demonstrates the persistence of ‘traditional’ gendered ideologies in peacekeeping, in which the ‘private’, feminized sphere of the home – encompassing peacekeepers’ domestic and sexual arrangements – is marginalized, while the masculinized realm of security is prioritized and closely regulated. Furthermore, factoring in peacekeepers’ individual responses to service, sex, and security reveals a counter-narrative of the peacekeeper-as-vulnerable. This counter-narrative helps obscure the potential for exploitation of locals by peacekeepers. Yet it also upsets the subject position of both the peacekeeper and ‘the local’ in an unexpected manner, ultimately undermining the notion of the (masculine) UN protector. Such an understanding complicates popular notions of how gender ‘works’ in peacekeeping sites, and enables insights into the ramifications of peacekeeping’s (often) self-imposed limitations.
A whole-population profile of HPV testing as a test of cure for high-grade cervical dysplasia in NSW, Australia
Authors: Morrell Stephen , Qian Liping
Published: July 2014

Introduction

Few population-based studies have been conducted on the efficacy of human papilloma virus (HPV) testing as a test of cure for high grade cervical dysplasia.

Methods

A cohort of women (n = 11,521) with high grade (CIN2+) cervical dysplasia diagnosed during 2006–2010, who also had accompanying HPV testing (n = 19,434 HPV tests), was analyzed with respect to National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) follow-up guidelines. Cure rates, and number of follow-up tests and times to reach a cure were estimated.

Results

In the ≥2-years following high grade dysplasia, 53% of women had a single follow-up HPV test, 33% had two, and 14% had three or more HPV follow-up tests. 75% of women with follow-up HPV and cytology testing according to NHMRC guidelines were cured (2,210 from 2,948). Cure rates were lowest in those aged <30 (71%) and highest in women aged 30–49 (80%). Of those cured, 68% attained cure by the second HPV test, 21% by the third, and 11% at the fourth or later HPV test. The median time to cure was 1,097 days. In non-cured women, 56% of test results originated from all-negative cytology with positive HPV, compared with 9% from all-negative HPV results.

Conclusions

Cure rates in women with follow-up testing according to NHMRC guidelines are high. Further studies are needed of the high proportion of women with negative cytology classed as not cured due to HPV positivity, and of the high proportion of women with high grade dysplasia who had one follow-up HPV test only.
Government Procurement Policy in Developing Countries: The Case of Petrobras
Authors: Ribeiro Cássio Garcia , Furtado André Tosi
Published: July 2014

The aim of this article is to discuss whether public procurement policy can promote innovation by firms located in developing countries. The literature on technological learning is used to create a typology for assessing the impact of public procurement in developing countries from the standpoint of innovation. Petrobras, a Brazilian state-owned enterprise, was chosen as a case study. Petrobras is a global leader in the field of deepwater oil production technology and so offers an interesting opportunity to investigate whether government procurement in developing countries is used to promote the capability of domestic firms to develop innovations. The article presents the findings of a field survey on P-51, a platform that was ordered by the Brazilian state-owned enterprise and began producing in 2009. The case study is based on information collected from interviews with managers of Petrobras, EPC contractors and some of the firms subcontracted to work on P-51.
Social Organisation of Knowledge Production in Software Work: A Qualitative Study of Two Different Firms in Chennai, India
Authors: Devaraj P. , Ilavarasan P. Vigneswara
Published: July 2014

Based on a qualitative study, the present article examines the social organisation of knowledge production in the software work in India. The two sample firms located in Chennai city, India representing contrasting images about nature of software work were studied: a branch of a large domestic software services company—low-end programming/Fordist production model; and an Indian subsidy of a multinational software product firm—high-end software product development/flexible production model. The social organisation of software production in the two software firms are hierarchically organised, but demonstrated differential flexibility to meet the emerging market or client demands, and exhibited autonomy at the employees’ level to use craft and technological knowledge through organisational procedures and routines, mediated through the project managers. It appears that prolonged engagement with the same technologies or projects works as impediment to the learning process or new knowledge production. The self-interest of the programmers motivates to engage in new knowledge production despite being directed by the organisations. The accumulated knowledge is kept within the organisations by retaining the employees through periodic pecuniary and non-pecuniary rewards, and possibilities of career leaps through technological breakthroughs. The external agents are brought in for new knowledge acquisition either through informal learning by doing or through upgradation of technological skills through training.
Effect of Tumor Necrosis Factor–α Inhibitors on Drug-Induced Pancreatitis in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Stobaugh Derrick J. , Deepak Parakkal
Published: July 2014

Background: Mesalamine and thiopurines (6-mercaptopurine and azathioprine) have been shown to increase the risk of developing acute pancreatitis in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) inhibitors have been shown to protect against pancreatitis in animal models. Objective: To determine the risk of pancreatitis when comparing thiopurine monotherapy, mesalamine monotherapy, and thiopurine and mesalamine dual therapy to identical treatments but with the addition of a TNF-α inhibitor. Methods: Using a case-control design, the Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System was queried for cases of pancreatitis and control reactions in IBD patients on a thiopurine or mesalamine. The proportional reporting ratio method was used to compare the different therapy regimens with the same regimen combined with a TNF-α inhibitor. Results: In all, 549 cases and controls were identified. When comparing thiopurine monotherapy with thiopurines combined with a TNF-α inhibitor, the odds of pancreatitis were lower in those on combination therapy (odds ratio [OR] = 0.04; 95% CI = 0.01-0.12). A similar trend was seen when comparing mesalamine monotherapy to mesalamine combined with a TNF-α inhibitor (OR = 0.08; 95% CI = 0.04-0.14) and when comparing those on both a thiopurine and mesalamine with those on all 3 therapies (OR = 0.04; 95% CI = 0.01-0.16). Conclusions: Combination therapy with TNF-α inhibitors appears to be associated with a lower risk of pancreatitis in IBD patients on mesalamine, thiopurines, or a combination of both. Physicians should consider using TNF-α inhibitors in those with the greatest risk of pancreatitis, although prospective studies are needed.
Completely, partially centralized and fully decentralized control schemes of large adaptive mirrors
Authors: Manetti Mauro , Morandini Marco , Mantegazza Paolo
Published: July 2014

Adaptive optics are an increasingly important feature of large ground-based telescopes. Large homogeneous deformable secondary mirrors controlled by voice-coil motors, co-located to capacitive position sensors, are a proven working design. Their shape control is mainly based on a completely decentralized high-frequency feedback, combined with a low-frequency centralized feedforward. This paper investigates the possible improvements achievable through the adoption of partially centralized feedback solutions, comparing their performances with those of fully centralized optimal solutions. The controllers design is based on well-known techniques, such as full state linear quadratic regulator, mini-max feedback and independent modal space control.
Multi-objective optimization of actively controlled structures with topological considerations
Authors: Ali Arjumand , Dhingra Anoop K
Published: July 2014

This paper presents a novel approach for the optimum design of actively controlled structures using both cooperative and Stackelberg game theoretic formulations wherein the structural topology is also optimized. Most of the available literature for design of actively controlled structures deals with structures of a predetermined topology. It is recognized that the structural performance can be improved significantly by the optimization of topology. The optimum topology is created herein by minimizing the strain energy. Once the optimum topology is obtained, a simultaneous sizing and control system optimization of the optimum topology is performed which (i) maximizes the energy dissipated by the controller, (ii) minimizes the structural weight, and (iii) minimizes the controller performance index. The design variables include actuator locations, member cross-sectional areas and entries of state and control weighting matrices. The multi-objective design problem is solved as a bi-level Stackelberg game. A computational procedure based on variable updating using response surface methods is developed for exchanging information between the levels. Two numerical examples illustrating the proposed approach are presented wherein topological, structural and control system aspects of the problem are addressed comprehensively.
Unsteady aeroelastic behaviors of rigid airfoils with preset angles of attack
Authors: Bichiou Y , Nuhait AO , Abdelkefi A , Hajj MR
Published: July 2014

The effects of varying the angle of attack on the flutter speed and limit cycle oscillations of an aeroelastic system are investigated. This system consists of a plunging and pitching rigid airfoil supported by linear springs. The unsteady vortex lattice method is used to model the unsteady flow. The objective is to determine how the flutter boundary is affected by changing the angle of attack. To solve simultaneously and interactively the governing equations, an iterative scheme based on Hamming’s fourth order predictor–corrector model is employed. Several numerical simulations are conducted for various angles of attack to determine their effects on the dynamic behavior of the aeroelastic system and particularly on the dynamic stability or flutter speed and the nonlinear response of the system. The results show that the flutter speed increases as the angle of attack is increased. It is also determined that increasing the preset angle of attack results in a decrease in the dynamic amplitudes of the nonlinear response. In other words, increasing the angle of attack offers a way to control the system in terms of delaying flutter and reducing the limit-cycle oscillations amplitudes.
Free vibration analysis of a beam with an intermediate sliding connection joined by a mass-spring system
Authors: Hozhabrossadati Seyed Mojtaba , Aftabi Sani Ahmad , Mofid Masood
Published: July 2014

In the free vibration analysis of beams, the inclusion of an intermediate sliding connection with an attached mass-spring system has not been yet treated. The present paper studies the free vibrations of uniform Euler-Bernoulli beams with an intermediate sliding connection and joined by a mass-spring system. Two different types of beams are considered. The Type 1 is attached with a single-degree-of-freedom mass-spring system and the Type 2 is attached with a two-degree-of-freedom mass-spring system. The ends of both beams are elastically restrained against rotation and translation. First, the eigenvalue problems including differential equations and boundary conditions are introduced. Then, the frequency equation of beam could be found. The roots of this frequency equation, i.e., frequency parameters, for several cases along with mode shapes are presented. Some special cases for the sake of verification are thoroughly investigated.
Finite strain analysis of nonlinear vibrations of symmetric laminated composite Timoshenko beams using generalized differential quadrature method
Authors: Mohandes Masood , Ghasemi Ahmad Reza
Published: July 2014

In this study, free vibrations of laminated composite Timoshenko beams undergoing finite strain have been studied. The Green-Lagrange strain tensor according to finite strain assumption has been used to obtain governing equations and boundary conditions of the beam. The generalized differential quadrature method has been employed for solving the governing equations and boundary conditions. Frequencies of the beam have been calculated for carbon/epoxy material subjected to different boundary conditions. The dimensionless frequencies of the beam for different lay-ups based on finite strain and von Karman assumptions have been obtained and compared to each other. Also, the effects of fiber orientation change and lay-ups sequence of angle-ply composite beams have been investigated on the lateral frequency of the beam.
A new double-face online dynamic balance device and its control system for high speed machine tool spindle
Authors: Shihai Zhang , Yujun Cai
Published: July 2014

Dynamic balance technology is one of the basic questions that must be considered during the high speed, high-precision machine tool’s design and production course, and its function has a great impact on the working performance, efficiency and life of the machine tool. A new double-face online dynamic balance device with a pneumatic driving system is designed in the paper. Compared with similar balance devices, the dynamic balance device has many advantages: the mechanism structure is simple, the body dimension (the axial dimension in particular) is small, the practical application in the machine tool is easy to realize etc. In order to accurately separate the unbalance vibration component from the vibration measuring signal, the least square algorithm is adopted to fit the fundamental frequency signal. The method has a theoretical advantage compared with the traditional fast Fourier transform algorithm. Based on the influence coefficient principle, the implementation steps of the double-face online dynamic balance are designed. Based on these steps, the location experiments are done to test the position correcting error of the balance discs, the test weight experiments are done to estimate the influence coefficient, and the balance correction experiments are done to examine the online dynamic balance effect. The experimental results indicate that the online dynamic balance device and its control system have the advantage that the system is stable and reliable, the location of the balance disc is accurate and the dynamic balance precision is high.
Dynamics and vibration of a 3-

P

SP parallel robot with flexible moving platform
Authors: Sharifnia Mahdi , Akbarzadeh Alireza
Published: July 2014

In this research, first an analytical model is presented for dynamic and vibration analysis of a 3-PSP parallel robot with a flexible moving platform. Next, the presented analytical model is solved using an approximate analytical method. The moving platform is assumed to be made of three Euler-Bernoulli beams joined together to form a star. Each of the three beams of the star slides through a passive prismatic joint. Then, three-dimensional vibration analysis of the flexible moving platform, star, with three passive prismatic joints is the main subject of the present research. Only vibration during free motion is considered. Therefore, it is assumed that only inertia forces of the star are the main source of its vibration. First, direct kinematics is used for acceleration analysis of the rigid robot and inertia forces are obtained. For dynamic modeling, the passive prismatic joints and junction point of the three beams are modeled using a new set of geometric constraints. Additionally, a previously developed constrained motion equation for a planar Euler-Bernoulli beam having a prismatic joint is further developed for the three beams of the star. Next, an approximate analytical solution method, called the “constrained assumed modes method”, is used for inverse dynamics and vibration analysis of the robot. Furthermore, the developed model can be used for direct dynamics analysis of the robot. Finally, several input trajectories and two different groups of mode shapes are considered to investigate the model efficiency. The results of the presented model are compared with the results of a commercial finite element method software.
Non-probabilistic robust reliability method and reliability-based performance optimization for active vibration control of structures and dynamic systems with bounded uncertain parameters
Authors: Guo Shu-Xiang
Published: July 2014

Active vibration control of uncertain structures is an attractive issue and essentially a complicated multidisciplinary problem. In this research, the author focuses on dealing with parametric uncertainties of actively controlled structures and dynamic systems from the viewpoint of reliability. An efficient non-probabilistic robust reliability methodology for mixed H2/H∞ robust vibration control of uncertain structures and dynamic systems is presented systematically by describing the uncertain parameters as interval variables. The static output robust controller design is carried out by solving a reliability-based multiobjective optimization problem, by which the H2 and H∞ performances and robustness against uncertainties of the closed-loop system can be taken into account simultaneously in an integrated framework. By this method, a non-probabilistic robust reliability measure of an uncertain controlled dynamic system satisfying required H2/H∞ performance and desired decay rate can be obtained, and the robustness bounds of uncertain parameters such that the H2 and H∞ performances of the closed-loop system are guaranteed can be provided. The controller obtained may possess an optimal performance satisfying the condition that the system is robustly reliable to all admissible uncertainties. The non-probabilistic reliability model constructed in this paper is an integrated one and can be used directly for vibration control design of parametric uncertain structures and dynamic systems. Three numerical examples are investigated to demonstrate the effectiveness and feasibility of the presented method.
Transient dynamic analysis of high power density gear transmission
Authors: Feng Haisheng , Wang Liqin , Zheng Dezhi , Zhao Xiaoli , Dai Guanghao
Published: July 2014

In this paper, the dynamic problem of high power density gear transmission in transient state is studied based on flexible multi-body model. First, the flexible gear transmission multi-body model is built with the detailed formula of contact force and component modes synthesis method. Second, the transient time as dynamic external excitation is undertaken for high power density gear transmission, which has larger flexibility than others. Numerical and theoretical results confirm a significant influence of transient state on the dynamic force and deformation. Furthermore, the reasonable time of gear transmission transient state can be avoided the great impact force, reduce vibration and noise in gear system. Consequently, the transient time of gear transmission is an innegligible excitation factor for gear transmission.
Global mental health and its discontents: An inquiry into the making of global and local scale
Authors: Bemme Doerte , D’souza Nicole A.
Published: July 2014

Global Mental Health’s (GMH) proposition to “scale up” evidence-based mental health care worldwide has sparked a heated debate among transcultural psychiatrists, anthropologists, and GMH proponents; a debate characterized by the polarization of “global” and “local” approaches to the treatment of mental health problems. This article highlights the institutional infrastructures and underlying conceptual assumptions that are invested in the production of the “global” and the “local” as distinct, and seemingly incommensurable, scales. It traces how the conception of mental health as a “global” problem became possible through the emergence of Global Health, the population health metric DALY, and the rise of evidence-based medicine. GMH also advanced a moral argument to act globally emphasizing the notion of humanity grounded in a shared biology and the universality of human rights. However, despite the frequent criticism of GMH promoting the “bio”-medical model, we argue that novel logics have emerged which may be more important for establishing global applicability than arguments made in the name of “nature”: the procedural standardization of evidence and the simplification of psychiatric expertise. Critical scholars, on the other hand, argue against GMH in the name of the “local”; a trope that underlines specificity, alterity, and resistance against global claims. These critics draw on the notions of “culture,” “colonialism,” the “social,” and “community” to argue that mental health knowledge is locally contingent. Yet, paying attention to the divergent ways in which both sides conceptualize the “social” and “community” may point to productive spaces for an analysis of GMH beyond the “global/local” divide.
The acoustic characteristics of the Çarşı Mosque in Trabzon, Turkey
Authors: Kavraz Mustafa
Published: July 2014

This study aimed to investigate the objective parameters of sound in relation to the types of materials on wall surfaces and the density of people attending the main prayer hall of the Çarşı Mosque that was built in 19th century in the city of Trabzon (Turkey). The numerical values of objective parameters of sound in the prayer hall were simulated using Odeon version 10 computer software. The prayer hall was modelled for two different scenarios. In the first scenario, the materials on all surfaces of the prayer hall were assigned as in their current state. In the second scenario, wood was used as the simulation material on the surfaces of the side wall and rear wall facing qiblahh. In addition, the numerical values of the objective parameters of sound were estimated for three different scenarios: a full, semi-full and empty prayer hall. The results showed that the fullness of the prayer hall in the mosque and types of materials on surfaces could affect the objective parameter values of sound especially at low frequencies. The finding of this study would provide useful objective parameters of sound for different types of materials for construction of wall and ceiling surfaces of prayer halls in mosques.
Begging the question: Performativity and studio-based research
Authors: Petelin George
Published: July 2014

The requirement that candidates in studio-based or practice-led higher degrees by research should formulate a research question has been found to be problematic by some writers. The present article argues that this stance, particularly as it is articulated by proponents of the influential category of ‘performative research’ (Haseman, 2006, 2007), is ill-founded and that formulating a research question correctly can instead assist the creative project and prevent it separating into two separate enterprises: one practical and the other theoretical. Drawing on the principles of General Semantics as formulated by Alfred Korzybski, it suggests ways in which the relation of the question to ontological considerations can affect its usefulness for studio-based research.