bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Wateshed Condition Change To River Discharge - Case Study Jatigede Reservoir Catchtment Area
Authors: Kodoatie Robert Johannes
Published: August 2020

Changes in land use in the upstream of Jatigede watershed cause discharge and sedimentation problems in the Jatigede Reservoir. The objective of this study is to analyse the affect of land use changes in the Jatigede Reservoir watershed to the inflow and sediment to the reservoir. SCS Curve Number method and HEC-HMS modeling system are used to discharge analysis. Flood discharges in the reach of Cimanuk River close to the reservoir using data of 2009 are Q2=1,751.5 m3/sec, Q5=2,280 m3/sec, Q25=3,064.5 m3/sec, Q50=3,589 m3/sec. Flood discharges in the reach of Cimanuk River close to the reservoir using data of 2018 are Q2=2,053.8 m3/sec, Q5= 2,616.7 m3/sec, Q25 = 3,439.2 m3/sec, Q50=3,984.9 m3/sec. Discharges increase in 10 years (based on 2009 data and 2018 data). For example discharge increment for Q25 is 375 m3/sec. The increment is due to the increment of CN number as the consequences of land use changes. In other words along with the time, flood discharge in the rainy season increases, however discharge in the drought season decreases.
Propiedades psicométricas de una escala de resiliencia en cuidadores familiares de adultos mayores
Authors: Mandujano Jaquez María Fernanda , Domínguez Guedea Miriam Teresa , Gaxiola Romero José Concepción
Published: August 2020

El cuidado de un adulto mayor se ha estudiado no solo como una circunstancia generadora de estrés y deterioro del bienestar para el cuidador, sino también, desde la perspectiva de la psicología positiva, como la disposición de los cuidadores para reaccionar de manera resiliente ante las dificultades experimentadas. El objetivo del presente estudio fue realizar la validación de constructo del Inventario de Resiliencia (IRES) mediante algunos procedimientos exploratorios y confirmatorios. Para ello, se colectaron datos de dos muestras independientes de cuidadores familiares de adultos mayores en la ciudad de Hermosillo, México: la primera con 125 cuidadores de 19 a 73 años (Medad = 47.8, DE = 12) para los análisis factoriales exploratorios; y la segunda con 160 cuidadores de 19 a 82 años (Medad = 48.7, DE = 13) para los análisis factoriales confirmatorios. Los análisis revelaron dos dimensiones claras y robustas estadísticamente en el IRES con 12 ítems: la resiliencia instrumental y la resiliencia emocional. En conclusión, la presente investigación muestra que el IRES es un instrumento válido para la medición de la resiliencia en una población mexicana de cuidadores familiares de adultos mayores.
Three thousand years of farming strategies in central Thailand
Authors: d'Alpoim Guedes Jade , Hanson Sydney , Lertcharnrit Thanik , Weiss Andrew D. , Pigott Vincent C. , Higham Charles F.W. , Higham Thomas F.G. , Weber Steven A.
Published: August 2020

In prehistoric coastal and western-central Thailand, rice was the dominant cultivar. In eastern-central Thailand, however, the first known farmers cultivated millet. Using one of the largest collections of archaeobotanical material in Southeast Asia, this article examines how cropping systems were adapted as domesticates were introduced into eastern-central Thailand. The authors argue that millet reached the region first, to be progressively replaced by rice, possibly due to climatic pressures. But despite the increasing importance of rice, dryland, rain-fed cultivation persisted throughout ancient central Thailand, a result that contributes to refining understanding of the development of farming in Southeast Asia.
Effects of 4 Weeks of Active Exergames Training on Muscular Fitness in Elderly Women
Authors: Gallardo-Meza Cristian , Simon Kristel , Bustamante-Ara Natalia , Ramirez-Campillo Rodrigo , García-Pinillos Felipe , Keogh Justin W.L. , Izquierdo Mikel
Published: August 2020

Gallardo-Meza, C, Simon, K, Bustamante-Ara, N, Ramirez-Campillo, R, García-Pinillos, F, Keogh, JWL, and Izquierdo, M. Effects of 4 weeks of active exergames training on muscular fitness in elderly women. J Strength Cond Res 36(2): 427–432, 2022—To analyze the effects of 4 weeks of an active exergames training program on muscular fitness in older women, 2 groups of community dwelling physically active subjects were formed by block-design randomization. One was deemed the control group (CG, n = 37; age 68.1 ± 3.3 years), and a second group completed 4 weeks of an active exergames training program (ExG, n = 35; age, 69.2 ± 3.7 years). Training included active exergames (Wii Fit Plus) performed on the Wii Balanceboard, 2 sessions per week. The exergames required mainly balance-related movements, such as leaning forward, leftward, and rightward, also requiring isometric squat positions and explosive leg extension. A supervisor-to-subject ratio method of 2:1 was used. An intensity-based individual progressive overload was applied. There were no significant (all p > 0.05, d = 0.01–0.07) baseline differences between-groups for all dependent variables. For the ExG, significant improvements were observed in static balance right leg test (Δ75.5%, d = 0.89), static balance left leg (Δ33.7%, d = 0.57), timed up-and-go test (Δ14.8%, d = 0.85) and sit-to-stand velocity test (Δ83.8%, d = 1.62). For the control group, trivial to small decrements in performance were observed across all tests (Δ −2.1 to −8.4%, d = −0.08 to 0.32). Group × time interactions were observed for the static balance right and left leg, timed up-and-go test, and the mean velocity achieved in the 5-repetition sit-to-stand test (all p < 0.001; d = 0.33–0.60). In conclusion, exergames training improves muscular fitness in older women. These results should be considered when designing appropriate and better exercise training programs for older women.
Resistance Training Volume Enhances Muscle Hypertrophy, but Not Strength in Postmenopausal Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Nascimento de Oliveira-Júnior Gersiel , de Sousa Jairo de Freitas Rodrigues , Carneiro Marcelo Augusto da Silva , Martins Fernanda Maria , Santagnello Samarita Beraldo , Souza Markus Vinicius Campos , Orsatti Fábio Lera
Published: August 2020

Nascimento de Oliveira Júnior, G, de Freitas Rodrigues de Sousa, J, Augusto da Silva Carneiro, M, Martins, FM, Santagnello, SB, Campos Souza, MV, and Orsatti, FL. Resistance training volume enhances muscle hypertrophy, but not strength in postmenopausal women: a randomized controlled trial. J Strength Cond Res 36(5): 1216–1221, 2022—Among several possible resistance training (RT) variables to be manipulated, the training volume has been considered as a critical variable to maximize RT-induced hypertrophy. Many of the studies that compared one set of RT with 3 sets have failed to show a difference in muscle hypertrophy in older adults. However, it is not clear whether further increases in RT volume (i.e., 6 sets) would result in even greater RT-related hypertrophy than 3 sets in older adults. This study aimed to investigate whether higher-volume RT (HV-RT) maximizes gains in lean body mass and muscle strength (MS) when compared with lower-volume RT (LV-RT) in postmenopausal women (PW). Fifty-eight PW were randomized into 1 of the 3 groups: control group (CT, no exercise), HV-RT (6 sets per exercise), and LV-RT (3 sets per exercise). Volunteers took part in a supervised training program (leg press 45°, leg extension, leg curl and standing calf raises) and were assessed for leg lean mass (LLM; dual X-ray absorptiometry) and lower limb MS (leg press and leg extension; 1 repetition maximum [1RM]) before and after 12 weeks of RT. Both HV-RT and LV-RT groups increased (p < 0.05) LLM and MS when compared with the CT group. Higher increases in LLM gains were observed for the HV-RT group when compared with the LV-RT group (6.1 and 2.3%, p < 0.001). Both HV-RT and LV-RT groups similarly increased 1RM in the leg press and leg extension. Thus, there seems to be a dose-response relationship between RT volume and muscle hypertrophy, but not for MS gains in PW.
Volume Load Rather Than Resting Interval Influences Muscle Hypertrophy During High-Intensity Resistance Training
Authors: Longo Ariel Roberth , Silva-Batista Carla , Pedroso Kelly , de Salles Painelli Vitor , Lasevicius Thiago , Schoenfeld Brad Jon , Aihara André Yui , de Almeida Peres Bergson , Tricoli Valmor , Teixeira Emerson Luiz
Published: August 2020

Longo, AR, Silva-Batista, C, Pedroso, K, de Salles Painelli, V, Lasevicius, T, Schoenfeld, BJ, Aihara, AY, de Almeida Peres, B, Tricoli, V, and Teixeira, EL. Volume load rather than resting interval influences muscle hypertrophy during high-intensity resistance training. J Strength Cond Res 36(6): 1554–1559, 2022—Interset rest interval has been proposed as an important variable for inducing muscle mass and strength increases during resistance training. However, its influence remains unclear, especially when protocols with differing intervals have equalized volume. We aimed to compare the effects of long (LI) vs. short rest interval (SI) on muscle strength (one repetition maximum [1RM]) and quadriceps cross-sectional area (QCSA), with or without equalized volume load (VL). Twenty-eight subjects trained twice a week for 10 weeks. Each subject's leg was allocated to 1 of 4 unilateral knee extension protocols: LI, SI, SI with VL -matched by LI (VLI-SI), and LI with VL-matched by SI (VSI-LI). A 3-minute rest interval was afforded in LI and VSI-LI protocols, while SI and VLI-SI employed a 1-minute interval. All subjects trained with a load corresponding to 80% 1RM. One repetition maximum and QCSA were measured before and after training. All protocols significantly increased 1RM values in post-training (p < 0.0001; LI: 27.6%, effect size [ES] = 0.90; VLI-SI: 31.1%, ES = 1.00; SI: 26.5%, ES = 1.11; and VSI-LI: 31.2%, ES = 1.28), with no significant differences between protocols. Quadriceps cross-sectional area increased significantly for all protocols in post-training (p < 0.0001). However, absolute changes in QCSA were significantly greater in LI and VLI-SI (13.1%, ES: 0.66 and 12.9%, ES: 0.63) than SI and VSI-LI (6.8%, ES: 0.38 and 6.6%, ES: 0.37) (both comparisons, p < 0.05). These data suggest that maintenance of high loads is more important for strength increases, while a greater VL plays a primary role for hypertrophy, regardless of interset rest interval.
Examining the Influence of Attentional Focus on the Effects of a Neuromuscular Training Program in Male Athletes
Authors: Ghanati Hadi Abbaszadeh , Letafatkar Amir , Almonroeder Thomas G. , Rabiei Pouya
Published: August 2020

Ghanati, HA, Letafatkar, A, Almonroeder, TG, and Rabiei, P. Examining the influence of attentional focus on the effects of a neuromuscular training program in male athletes. J Strength Cond Res 36(6): 1568–1575, 2022—Neuromuscular training programs that incorporate lower extremity strengthening, plyometric exercises, balance training, and movement retraining are recommended for anterior cruciate ligament injury prevention; however, there is a need to improve their effectiveness. The purpose of this study was to examine how athletes' attentional focus during training influences the effects of an 8-week neuromuscular training program on hip strength, single-leg landing mechanics, and hop performance. Sixty-six male athletes were randomly allocated to a group that trained with an internal focus, a group that trained with an external focus, or a control group. All athletes completed testing before (baseline) and after (posttesting) the 8-week period. Isokinetic hip strength, hip and knee kinematics and ground reaction forces during landing, and hop distance were examined as part of this study. Analysis of covariance was used to compare posttesting outcomes among the groups while accounting for group differences in baseline performance. The neuromuscular training program resulted in improved hip abduction strength, reduced hip adduction and internal rotation motion during landing, and increased hop distance for athletes who trained with an external focus. However, the program did not seem to influence hip strength, landing kinematics, or hop performance for athletes who trained with an internal focus. Our findings indicate that male athletes may benefit from completing a neuromuscular training program with an external focus vs. an internal focus. Trainers, coaches, and clinicians should consider using instructions that promote an external focus when implementing neuromuscular training programs with male athletes.
Low-Load Resistance Training to Volitional Failure Induces Muscle Hypertrophy Similar to Volume-Matched, Velocity Fatigue
Authors: Terada Kentaro , Kikuchi Naoki , Burt Dean , Voisin Sarah , Nakazato Koichi
Published: August 2020

Terada, K, Kikuchi, N, Burt, D, Voisin, S, and Nakazato, K. Full title: Low-load resistance training to volitional failure induces muscle hypertrophy similar to volume-matched, velocity fatigue. J Strength Cond Res 36(6): 1576–1581, 2022—We investigated how resistance training (RT) to failure at low load affects acute responses and chronic muscle adaptations compared with low-load RT to velocity fatigue at equal work volume. Twenty-seven subjects performed 8 weeks of bench press twice weekly. Subjects were randomly assigned to one of 3 groups: low-load volitional failure (LVoF, n = 9), low-load velocity fatigue (LVeF, n = 8), and high-load (HL, n = 10). Resistance training comprised 3 sets to failure at 40% one repetition maximum (1RM) in the LVoF group, 3 sets to velocity fatigue (20% lifting velocity loss) at 40% 1RM in the LVeF group, and 3 sets of 8 repetitions at 80% 1RM in the HL group. We measured muscle strength, hypertrophy, endurance, and power at baseline and after the RT program. We also measured muscle swelling and blood lactate after each RT bout to investigate the acute response. There were no differences in total work volume between the LVoF and LVeF groups. Responses to RT were similar between LVoF and LVeF, whether looking at acute muscle swelling, increase in blood lactate, chronic hypertrophy, and strength gain. However, LVoF and LVeF RT triggered different responses to muscle function in comparison with HL training: LVoF and LVeF showed enhanced acute responses and greater chronic endurance gains, but lower chronic strength gains than HL. In conclusion, low-load RT to volitional failure induces muscle hypertrophy similar to volume-matched velocity fatigue.
A Novel Strategy to Determine the 1-Repetition Maximum in the Jump Squat Exercise
Authors: Loturco Irineu , McGuigan Michael R. , Rodríguez-Rosell David , Pereira Lucas A. , Pareja-Blanco Fernando
Published: August 2020

Loturco, I, McGuigan, MR, Rodríguez-Rosell, D, Pereira, LA, and Pareja-Blanco, F. A novel strategy to determine the 1-repetition maximum in the jump squat exercise. J Strength Cond Res 36(8): 2330–2334, 2022—This study aimed to determine the maximum relative load of the half-squat (HS; i.e., % HS 1-repetition maximum [1RM]) that can be used in its ballistic variation, namely, the jump squat (JS) exercise, and to examine whether this reference value varies in subjects with different strength levels. In total, 186 elite athletes from 10 distinct sport disciplines participated in this study. A progressive loading test up to HS 1RM was performed during the competitive phase of the season for all athletes. Mean propulsive velocity and propulsive phase duration were also assessed during the 1RM test. Athletes were divided into 3 distinct subgroups: “low,” “middle,” and “high” strength levels, based on their relative HS 1RM values (kg·kg−1). A 1-way analysis of variance was used to compare the variables assessed between the groups. Significance level was set at p < 0.05. The high group demonstrated the highest relative HS 1RM values, followed by the middle and low groups (all p < 0.05). No significant differences were observed between the groups for the remaining variables (p > 0.05). It was observed that at 86.0 ± 5.4% 1RM, the full concentric action can already be considered as entirely propulsive in the HS exercise for all subjects, independent of their strength levels. Therefore, this relative strength value may be used as a reference for the 1RM in the JS exercise.
Acceleration Profile of High-Intensity Movements in Basketball Games
Authors: Koyama Takeshi , Rikukawa Akira , Nagano Yasuharu , Sasaki Shogo , Ichikawa Hiroshi , Hirose Norikazu
Published: August 2020

Koyama, T, Rikukawa, A, Nagano, Y, Sasaki, S, Ichikawa, H, and Hirose, N. Acceleration profile of high-intensity movements in basketball games. J Strength Cond Res 36(6): 1715–1719, 2022—This study aimed to elucidate movements that require greater acceleration during basketball games, their occurrence frequency, and compare acceleration components. Eighteen male collegiate basketball players (age: 19.5 ± 0.8 years) were enrolled. Triaxial accelerometer was used to measure acceleration and a synchronized video was recorded. Moments that generated resultant accelerations >4, 6, and 8 G, and their coincided movements were identified. Ratios and frequencies of the extracted movements were calculated and Jonckheere-Terpstra trend test was used to examine which movement rate increased when acceleration threshold increased. In addition, the top 7 movements that generated a resultant acceleration >6 G among the combination of basketball-specific movements were extracted. Their resultant, mediolateral, vertical, and anteroposterior accelerations were identified and compared using one-way analysis of variance. Cohen's d was used to calculate effect sizes. All p < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. The extracted frequencies were 33.6, 9.1, and 2.3 cases per minute for >4 G, >6 G, and >8 G, respectively. As the threshold increased, the rate of deceleration, landing, and physical contact increased. The mediolateral acceleration of physical contact was significantly greater than other movements, whereas the vertical acceleration of landing and deceleration was significantly greater than other movements. Thus, acceleration component analysis was performed to classify movement types. Greater acceleration appeared frequently in movement during defense. It is suggested that many defense movements involve a reaction to the ball and opponent. There are many passive movements during defense and speed changes rapidly. If many passive movements occur when defending, larger physical load is applied, and may lead to fatigue.
Effect of the Menstrual Cycle When Estimating 1 Repetition Maximum From the Load-Velocity Relationship During the Bench Press Exercise
Authors: García-Pinillos Felipe , Lago-Fuentes Carlos , Bujalance-Moreno Pascual , Pérez-Castilla Alejandro
Published: August 2020

García-Pinillos, F, Lago-Fuentes, C, Bujalance-Moreno, P, and Pérez-Castilla, A. Effect of the menstrual cycle when estimating 1 repetition maximum from the load-velocity relationship during the bench press exercise. J Strength Cond Res 36(3): e55–e58, 2022—This study aimed to examine the effect of the ovulatory menstrual cycle (MC) when estimating the 1 repetition maximum (1RM) from the individual load-velocity relationship during the bench press (BP) exercise. Nine resistance-trained eumenorrheic women (age: 28.7 ± 3.6 years) were tested in 3 different phases across the MC: menstrual or early follicular phase (i.e., testing between days 1–3), follicular or late follicular phase (i.e., testing between days 7–10), and luteal or mid-luteal phase (i.e., testing between days 19–21). Each testing trial consisted of an incremental loading protocol against 4 loading conditions (≈50-70-80-90% 1RM) in the concentric-only BP exercise. A smartphone application (MyLift) was used to collect the mean velocity (MV) of all repetitions. The 1RM was estimated from the individual load-velocity relationship by applying a linear regression model as the load associated with an MV of 0.17 m·s−1. In addition, the MV obtained at each %1RM (i.e., from 20% 1RM to 80% 1RM in 20% increments), the load-velocity slope (i.e., the decrease in MV per each 1% of increment in the %1RM), and the y-intercept (i.e., the estimate of MV at 0% 1RM) were computed from the individual load-velocity relationships. No significant differences were observed between the 3 phases of the MC for any of the measured load-velocity relationship parameters (corrected p-value ≥0.495; effect size ≤0.24). The results suggest that the estimation of the BP 1RM from the load-velocity relationship seems not to vary over the 3 different phases of the MC (i.e., menstrual, follicular, and luteal phases).
Comparison of a Sucrose-Based and Rice-Based Sports Beverage on Hydration Status During a 19.3-km Foot March in ROTC Cadets
Authors: Heileson Jeffery L. , Peterson Matthew , Adair Kathleen E. , Funderburk LesLee K.
Published: August 2020

Heileson, JL, Peterson, M, Adair, KE, and Funderburk, LK. Comparison of a sucrose-based and rice-based sports beverage on hydration status during a 19.3-km foot march in ROTC cadets. J Strength Cond Res 36(4): 1105–1110, 2022—The purpose of this field study was to determine whether a rice-based sport beverage (RB) maintains hydration status compared to a sucrose-based sports beverage (SB) during a load-bearing 19.3-km foot march. Eighteen Reserve Officer Training Corps (ROTC) cadets (male, n = 11; female, n = 7) were randomly assigned to consume either 2.84 L of an RB (carbohydrate, 114 g; sodium, 1306 mg) or SB (carbohydrate, 170 g; sodium, 1136 mg) throughout the duration of the foot march (temperature 14.44° C, humidity 50%). The sports beverages were distributed once before the event and then every 3.2 km for a total of 6 servings (0.47 L each). Pre- and post-urine specific gravity (USG) and body mass were used to assess hydration status. A survey was used to determine subjective ratings of perceived exertion and gastrointestinal (GI) discomfort. The level of significance was set at p < 0.05 for all analyses. Sixteen cadets completed the study. Based on USG, both beverages significantly improved hydration status (USG = 1.017 ± 0.010 pre-march vs. 1.011 ± 0.008 post-march, p = 0.04); however, there was no difference between groups (change in USG = −0.009 ± 0.012 for RB group vs. −0.003 ± 0.008 for SB group, p = 0.92). Ratings for perceived exertion and GI discomfort scores were similar between groups. In conclusion, the RB was as effective as the SB at maintaining hydration status and could potentially reduce GI discomfort. Athletes and military personnel concerned with ensuring appropriate hydration during moderate-intensity endurance events can achieve similar fluid balance from a rice-based sports beverage that is lower in calories, carbohydrate, and sugar.
Different Cluster-Loading Protocols Have No Effect on Intraset and Interset Power Expression
Authors: Dudley Charles E.P. , Drinkwater Eric J. , Feros Simon A.
Published: August 2020

Dudley, CE, Drinkwater, EJ, and Feros, SA. Different cluster-loading protocols have no effect on intraset and interset power expression. J Strength Cond Res 36(7): 1763–1769, 2022—This study investigated the effect of cluster-loading protocols on changes in hang power clean (HPC) power characteristics. Ten trained weightlifters (7 male, 3 female, HPC 1.28 [M]; 1.03 [F] × body mass) completed 4 experimental protocols in a randomized repeated-measures design. Protocols were traditional, a basic cluster, and 2 undulating clusters. Each protocol comprised 3 sets of 5 HPC repetitions at an average of 70% 1 repetition maximum (RM). The load for undulating cluster protocols ranged between 60 and 80% 1RM. Countermovement jumps (CMJs) were performed before and after each protocol to gauge effect on neuromuscular status. Statistical analysis comprised a one-way repeated measures analysis of variance. Peak power was significantly greater in the fifth repetition of the basic cluster set protocol compared with the traditional set protocol (mean ± SD: 6.6 ± 2.8%, p = 0.043, g = 0.25). Neither undulating load protocol significantly altered set power characteristics compared with basic cluster sets; however, when analyzing repetition data, peak power increased as load increased (and vice versa), indicating the prescribed loads were suboptimal for power expression in this sample. There was no change in CMJ height between protocols. Coaches should prescribe inter-repetition rest to maintain peak power across multiple repetitions and sets. Basic cluster protocols seem to be the most practical choice over undulating cluster protocols because there is no need to adjust load between repetitions.
Fatigue Behavior of Thick-Walled Nodular Cast Iron Containing Dross
Authors: Bleicher Christoph
Published: August 2020

In large castings made of nodular cast iron, dross is not easy to detect with nondestructive testing (NDT) methods and reduces the static and cyclic fatigue strength of the material significantly, as shown in the example in figure 1. This causes a significant amount of work in foundries in removing dross or rejecting the complete component if a secure assessment of the component’s lifetime cannot be given. The aim of the reported work was thus to find appropriate methods to determine the characteristics of dross, such as its stiffness and density, in thick-walled nodular cast iron and to set up an assessment concept for the lifetime determination of components affected by dross. For the investigations, large cast blocks of EN-GJS-400-15 were cast with fields of dross in the upper side of the blocks. These blocks were investigated with different NDT methods, such as mechanized ultrasonic testing and magnetic particle inspection, to obtain information on the position and the characteristics of the dross. Subsequently, fatigue specimens and tensile specimens were removed from the cast blocks from the dross regions and from the baseline material without dross and were tested under strain control to determine the cyclic strain-based material behavior of the different specimens, with varying forms of dross. Additionally, all fatigue specimens were investigated with regard to their dross distribution using X-ray computer tomography, sulfur tests, and magnetic particle inspection. During the investigations, special attention was paid to the material stiffness, because this is significantly influenced by dross. Also, previous results on shrinkages in nodular cast iron showed good correlation between the material stiffness and the density measured in the specimen’s test volume. This correlation offers a link to NDT and a possibility to assess the influence of dross on the local fatigue strength.
Sing Me Back Home
Authors: Montgomery Jesse
Published: August 2020

This paper examines the role of country music in the political life of the Young Patriots, a radical leftist group composed of white southern migrants to Chicago that allied with the Black Panther Party during the 1960s and 1970s. It begins by taking up scholarly accounts of the Republican Party's strategic embrace of country music during the era before examining the ways in which the Young Patriots used country music as a tool to organize in their local community. It argues that by grounding their analysis of country in the political economy of their neighborhood of Uptown Chicago, and institutions particular to migrant enclaves—especially the urban “hillbilly bar”—the Young Patriots offered an interpretation of country's politics that runs counter to the racialized business logic that governed Music Row and White House as well as more contemporary narratives about country music's essential political intransigence. Finally, it offers provisional thoughts on how this case study illustrates a fundamental challenge for political progressives invested in country music: how to organize the complexity of a genre whose politics were—like the politics of the working-class—often divided against itself and expressed in deeply contradictory ways with regards to central political issues like race, gender, and the nation, and what it means to put those organized politics to work.
Outdoor Localisation for Navigation Tracking using Differential Global Positioning System Estimation (DGPS) : Positioning Errors Analysis
Authors: Chew Wi Kang , Zakaria Muhammad Aizzat
Published: August 2020

Global Positioning System (GPS) is a very popular outdoor positioning system. Due to the satellites’ errors signal, the Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers determine the accuracy of a current location with about 100 meters in latitude and 156 meters in longitude. In this few years, the technology on autonomous vehicles is rising. Autonomous vehicles need to navigate with high positioning accuracy for preventing any potential danger to road user. So in this paper, Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS) experiment will be introduced for improve the positioning accuracy. Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS) operations compose of Reference Station and Rover Station. Both of the station will use the GPS receiver for receiving the positioning data from GPS satellites and the positioning data collected from Reference Station will be used to calculate the positioning errors and the errors correction will then be transferred to Rover Station to improve the positioning accuracy. The results obtained will be discussed based on the average and range of errors in both latitude and longitude, number of satellites detected, Horizontal Dilution of Precision (HDOP), Vertical Dilution of Precision (VDOP) and the improvement on Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS) at the same time in different day. In four days’ results, it can be seen that the number of satellites detected will be affected by the Horizontal Dilution of Precision (HDOP) and Vertical Dilution of Precision (VDOP) which cause the positioning errors in latitude and longtitude. The average of positioning errors range between -4.165m and 2.925m in latitude and -0.618m and 1.998m in longitude.
TLR4 signals through islet macrophages to alter cytokine secretion during diabetes
Authors: Chittezhath Manesh , Wai Cho M M , Tay Vanessa S Y , Chua Minni , Langley Sarah R , Ali Yusuf
Published: August 2020

Toll-like receptors (TLRs), particularly TLR4, may act as immune sensors for metabolic stress signals such as lipids and link tissue metabolic changes to innate immunity. TLR signalling is not only tissue-dependent but also cell-type dependent and recent studies suggest that TLRs are not restricted to innate immune cells alone. Pancreatic islets, a hub of metabolic hormones and cytokines, respond to TLR signalling. However, the source of TLR signalling within the islet remain poorly understood. Uncovering the specific cell source and its role in mediating TLR signalling, especially within type 2 diabetes (T2D) islet will yield new targets to tackle islet inflammation, hormone secretion dysregulation and ultimately diabetes. In the present study, we immuno-characterised TLRs linked to pancreatic islets in both healthy and obese diabetic mice. We found that while TLRs1–4 and TLR9 were expressed in mouse islets, these TLRs did not co-localise with insulin-producing β-cells. β-Cells from obese diabetic mice were also devoid of these TLRs. While TLR immunoreactivity in obese mice islets increased, this was driven mostly by increased islet endothelial cell and islet macrophage presence. Analysis of human islet single-cell RNA-seq databases revealed that macrophages were an important source of islet TLRs. However, only TLR4 and TLR8 showed variation and cell-type specificity in their expression patterns. Cell depletion experiments in isolated mouse islets showed that TLR4 signalled through macrophages to alter islet cytokine secretome. Together, these studies suggest that islet macrophages are a dominant source of TLR4-mediated signalling in both healthy and diabetic islets.
The Effect of Atrial Septal Defect in the Treatment of ARDS with Left Ventricular Dysfunction Simulating Severe COVID-19
Authors: Diao Liwei , Yang Yingjie , Zhang Baoquan , Shi Qizhong , Fan Hongzhe , Liu Jie , Li Yangyang , Wu Benqing , Wu Yibin , Qiu Haiyi , Li Wenbin
Published: August 2020

Objective: To explore the effect of atrial septal defect (ASD) and venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) in the treatment of ARDS combined with left ventricular dysfunction (LVD) to find a new effective method for treating severe COVID-19 patients.
Materials and methods: Five large animal ARDS models of sheep were established by intravenous injection of Lipopolysaccharide. ASD was made under general anesthesia and VA-ECMO was simulated by extracorporeal circulation machine. The oxygenation of peripheral blood, systemic circulation, and cardiac function were observed under conditions of closed and opened ASD, and the significance of ASD shunt in improving cardiopulmonary function was evaluated.
Results: With ASD closed, the atrial shunts disappeared, the peripheral artery pressure of oxygen(PaO2): 141.2±21.4mmHg, the oxygenation index (PaO2/FiO2): 353.0±53.5, the mean blood pressure (MAP): 49.3±13.5 mmHg, the heart was full; with ASD opened, the left-to-right shunt was observed, PaO2: 169.3±18.9mmHg, PaO2/FiO2: 423.3±47.3, MAP: 68.2±16.1 mmHg, the range of cardiac motion significantly increased, heart beat was powerful, and systemic circulation significantly improved. Statistical analysis showed that there were significant differences between opened and closed ASD (P < .01).
Conclusion: ASD plus VA-ECMO is an effective method for the treatment of ARDS combined with LVD, which is the main cause of death in severe COVID-19 patients. However, further clinical validation is needed.
Prótesis total de fémur en un paciente con quiste óseo hidatídico complicado. Reporte de un caso
Authors: Isobe Federico Minoru , Caviglia Horacio Alberto , Eljatib Alexis , Vargas Gonzales Jorge , Lovera Juan Manuel
Published: August 2020

Se presenta un caso de un hombre de 31 años con fractura de fémur. Los estudios complementarios mostraron una imagen compatible con lesión quística. El primer estudio por biopsia de dicho quiste informó erróneamente un quiste simple. Se realizó una osteosíntesis con enclavado endomedular. El paciente tuvo una evolución tórpida asociada a imágenes líticas diafisarias y pérdida de la reducción de la fractura. Se retiró el material y se tomaron muestras del canal endomedular, cuyo cultivo reveló Pseudomonas aeruginosa y restos de quistes hidatídicos en la anatomía patológica. En nuestro centro, fue tratado por una seudoartrosis infectada secundaria a un quiste óseo hidatídico complicado. Se le colocó un megaespaciador de cemento con antibiótico y, luego, una prótesis total de fémur como tratamiento definitivo. El compromiso óseo es muy raro y de difícil diagnóstico, y puede llevar a una diseminación severa. Si bien no hay consenso ni tratamiento de elección para los casos graves, el reemplazo femoral total en dos tiempos representa una opción alentadora para conservar el miembro, con resultados satisfactorios a corto y mediano plazo.

Nivel de Evidencia: IV
El problema teleológico en la raíz del pensamiento económico
Authors: Laera Rodrigo
Published: August 2020

El objetivo del artículo consiste en indagar acerca de dos características fundamentales de la racionalidad del sistema económico: la coherencia de los fines hacia los que se dirige la teoría económica y la conducta de los sujetos a la racionalidad del sistema. Para esto, se expone la idea de que el trasfondo teleológico de la teoría económica no puede decir nada acerca de la jerarquía de fines. Esta idea se deja ver sobre todo en el concepto de utilidad y en la hipótesis de la nueva economía clásica de expectativas racionales.
Cambio climático: ¿la humanidad culpable?
Authors: Maya Muñoz Guillermo
Published: August 2020

El planeta tierra se está calentando a una velocidad que los modelos matemáticos del premio nobel de economía William Nordhaus subestiman, y que han servido para retrasar la puesta en marcha de políticas radicales que frenen el calentamiento global (Keen, 2019). La temperatura promedio del planeta en la época preindustrial está siendo superada en 1.2 ºC, pero es necesario que no pase el umbral de los 1.5 o 2 ºC; para ello, es necesario reducir las emisiones de CO2 en 45 por ciento para el 2030 y llegar a cero emisiones en el 2050. Sin embargo, los 1.5 ºC se alcanzarán en 2030. Es decir, los efectos del calentamiento global como tormentas, sequías, incendios forestales, olas de calor e inundaciones costeras serán de dimensiones catastróficas. Por ejemplo, las inundaciones causadas por el aumento del nivel del mar podrían costar US$ 14 billones —12 ceros—, en todo el mundo, anualmente en 2100 si se alcanzan los 2 ºC (Hemer et al., 2019). El calentamiento del planeta proviene de las actividades económicas de producir, comerciar y consumir que están movidas por los combustibles fósiles, petróleo y carbón, que generan altas emisiones de CO2 y otros gases que calientan el clima.
Entre la nuclearización y la diversidad de las organizaciones familiares
Authors: Palacio Valencia María Cristina
Published: August 2020

El presente artículo se orienta a la construcción de un argumento crítico respecto de la naturalización de la denominada familia nuclear. Bajo un enfoque sociológico se ponen bajo sospecha los argumentos naturalizados por el modelo hegemónico de la familia nuclear para, correlativamente, reconocer la diversidad de organizaciones familiares. El profundo arraigo de la representación de la familia individual y socialmente hace emerger —desde un entramado de escuchas, conversaciones y escrituras— ambigüedades y expectativas derivadas de sentimientos personales, así como de concepciones y representaciones sobre la vida, de los que derivan fragilidades que detonan profundas tensiones culturales y políticas.
El modelo particular de Estado de Bienestar en España, y las nuevas necesidades que hoy lo demandan
Authors: Gallardo Fernández María Del Castillo
Published: August 2020

La atención a las familias se relaciona principalmente con la atención a la infancia y a las personas mayores, como consecuencia del envejecimiento de la población y la incorporación de la mujer al mercado de trabajo. Desde la perspectiva de la integración de los cuidados en la agenda social, se exponen las políticas sociales y las líneas de acción relacionadas con las familias, los menores y las personas mayores en España, así como los retos y posibles líneas de acción sobre el apoyo a familias desde los servicios sociales comunitarios.
La intersexualidad de un hijo o una hija: un entramado de significados
Authors: Avella Mariño Nidya Ivett
Published: August 2020

El artículo aborda los resultados de una investigación, cuyo propósito fue reconocer, desde la perspectiva del interaccionismo simbólico, los significados que los padres y madres de hijos o hijas intersexuales construyen sobre esta condición. El análisis se centró en la interacción social y del self para comprender los significados que otorgan a las etapas de las trayectorias vitales de sus hijos o hijas. Para tal fin, se realizaron en 2015 y 2018, entrevistas semiestructuradas a cuatro madres y tres padres residentes en Bogotá, Colombia. Se encontró que los progenitores identifican en el nacimiento y la adolescencia etapas “criticas” en la condición intersexual de sus hijos o hijas.
Promoción de estrategias de aprendizaje desde el accionar docente: percepciones a nivel universitario
Authors: Henríquez Ritchie Patricio , Álvarez Mariscal Miriam
Published: August 2020

En este artículo se exponen los resultados de una investigación cuyo objetivo general fue explorar las estrategias educativas utilizadas por docentes universitarios, las formas de evaluación del aprendizaje y las estrategias de aprendizaje que promueven en sus estudiantes. Se eligieron dos contextos relacionados con la formación de agentes educativos: la licenciatura en Ciencias de la Educación de la Universidad Autónoma de Baja California (UABC) y la Facultad de Educación de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM). Se seleccionó una muestra intencional no representativa de 24 docentes (19 docentes de UCM y 5 docentes de UABC), a quienes se les aplicó una entrevista en profundidad semi-estructurada. En el presente artículo se exponen los resultados relacionados con la dimensión de estrategias de aprendizaje; al respecto, se identificó una subdimensión relacionada con la promoción/fomento de estrategias de aprendizaje, tres categorías (aprendizaje centrado en el estudiante, aprendizaje centrado en los contenidos y aprendizaje centrado en el docente) y cuatro sub-categorías de análisis. A partir de los resultados de la investigación, se sugiere profundizar la comprensión de las estrategias de aprendizaje centradas en los estudiantes, las cuales se identifican con las teorías constructivistas de generación del conocimiento. A su vez, se espera que estos resultados aporten elementos teóricos y metodológicos para mejorar la comprensión en torno a las estrategias de aprendizaje que utilizan actualmente los estudiantes universitarios en contextos de formación de agentes educativos y sus procesos metacognitivos
Syntax of direct speech particle -wa(r) in Hittite
Authors: Sideltsev Andrei V.
Published: August 2020

This paper deals with the syntax of the direct speech particle in Hittite, particularly its inconsistent use within direct speech. It is suggested that a syntactic account of what appears at first sight as an entirely chaotic distribution is possible.
Polish Slaves and Captives in the Crimea in the Seventeenth Century
Authors: Kizilov Mikhail
Published: August 2020

The article examines the history of the trade in Polish slaves and captives in the Tatar and Ottoman Crimea in the seventeenth century on the basis of hitherto unknown archival evidence and rare printed sources. After the capture an average Polish slave of simple origin was transported to the Crimea, where he had been sold on the local slave markets. Unless he had some special qualifications, a slave usually had to fulfil agricultural duties and do heavy manual work. The slaves usually had some limited free time and could attend Catholic services in the churches of the Crimea's large urban centres. Rich Polish captives were treated in accordance with their high social status and were ransomed for a considerable redemption fee. Important role in ransoming such rich captives was played by Jewish, Tatar and Armenian merchants.
The Method of Takhrīj Hadîts 'Lâwasiyyata liwâritsin' and Its Implications for the Understanding of the Takhshish al-Qur’an by the Hadīts in Inheritance law
Authors: Maryati Eti
Published: August 2020

The hadith prohibits the will is authentic as the Hadith because of the idhafah of the Prophet SAW, and the Hadith is revealed in thirteen books of the mashâdir al-ashliyyah, and fulfills the element of the Hadīts, an eternal consisting of 136 rawi sanad. Honesty of the Hadiths Prohibition of the Will to the Heirs in terms of the number of rawi including Muthat because narrated by many friends without seeing the quality of the material and raw so that it includes Qath'i al-wurûd and Qath'i dilâlah. Based on the rules of tashhih, if seen from a part of the rawi mate that collapsed, including da'eef and could not rise to hasan so mardud. For sanad who are ghair matruk, the term is hasan lighairihi which appears because there is mutabi and shaheed. Surat al-Baqarah verse 180 regarding the obligation to make a will can be compromised by inheritance verses by seeing it as a provision that each has a different target. The verses on inheritance specialize the provisions of a will that are general in nature and in the inheritance verses of Surah al-Nisa verses 11-12, show some of the afrad (material) testament obligations that are general to those who inherit only. Because there is a problem in understanding the will can be haram, makruh / mubah. In practice in daily life, the will is needed to bring good to the heirs who are likely to share the inheritance with other heirs. A will is an alms intended to draw closer to Allah SWT, it also becomes one of the ways to equalize inheritance for those who do not get inheritance rights while they are close relatives
Implementasi Program Inovasi 15 Menit Rindu Membaca Di Kabupaten Ciamis
Authors: Bahari Chandra , Lijayanto Leza , Fitriyani Suci , Arofiqi Ahmad , Rahmat Rida Nurfarida
Published: August 2020

In 2030-2040 Indonesia will face a demographic bonus so efforts to prepare for this mental revolution must be made to improve the quality of human resources. One way to do that is by increasing literacy culture among early childhood. This study aims to analyze the implementation of the 15-minute miss reading innovation program in Ciamis Regency and to find out the factors that hamper the implementation of the 15-minute miss reading innovation program. The method used is a descriptive analysis method with a qualitative approach. Where data collection through observation, interviews and documentation. The results of this study indicate that the 15-minute miss reading innovation program has the support of the local government with the issuance of the Regent's Decree as the basis for the running of this program, lack of coordination and human resources that have become a hindering factor for this program so that it has not run optimally, therefore the strategy undertaken is to carry out socialization about the importance of implementing an innovative 15-minute miss reading program for school children to create an independent, productive and quality young generation in facing the challenges of demographic bonus in Indonesia.
Surgical Outcome of Renal Cell Carcinoma with Tumor Thrombus Extension into Inferior Vena Cava and Right Atrium (Beating Heart Removal of Level 4 Thrombus): A Challenging Scenario
Authors: Khawaja Abdul Rouf , Sofi Khalid , Dar Yasir , Khateeb Muzaain , Magray Javeed , Waheed Abdul , Malik Sajad , Bhat Arif Hamid , Wani Mohd. Saleem , Bhat Akbar
Published: August 2020

Aim: “To evaluate oncological and surgical outcomes of different levels of tumor thrombus and tumor characteristics secondary to renal cell carcinoma (RCC)”.
Materials and Methods: Retrospective review from 2013 to 2020 of 34 patients who underwent radical nephrectomy with thrombectomy for RCC with tumor thrombus extending into the inferior vena cava (IVC) and right atrium (RA) at our center. Level I and most level II tumors were removed using straight forward occluding maneuvers with control of the contralateral renal vein. None of the patients had level III tumor extensions in our study group. For level IV thrombus, a beating heart surgery using a simplified cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) technique was used for retrieval of thrombus from the right atrium.
Results: “Of the 34 patients with thrombus”, 19 patients had level I, 12 patients had level II, none had level III, and three patients had level IV thrombus. Two patients required simplified CPB. Another patient with level IV thrombus CPB, was not attempted in view of refractory hypotension intraoperatively. Pathological evaluation showed clear-cell carcinoma in 67.64%, papillary carcinoma in 17.64%, chromophobe in 5.8%, and squamous cell carcinoma in 8.8% of cases. Left side thrombectomy was difficult surgically, whereas right side thrombectomy did not have any survival advantage. Mean blood loss during the procedure was 325 mL, ranging from 200 to 1000 mL, and mean operative time was 185 min, ranging from 215 to 345 min. The immediate postoperative mortality was 2.9%. Level I thrombus had better survival compared to level II thrombus.
Conclusion: Radical nephrectomy with tumor thrombectomy remains the mainstay of treatment in RCC with inferior venacaval extension. The surgical approach and outcome depends on primary tumor size, location, level of thrombus, local invasion of IVC, any hepato-renal dysfunction or any associated comorbidities. The higher the level of thrombus, the greater is the need for prior optimization and the adoption of a multidisciplinary approach for a successful surgical outcome.