bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Heart Disease Diagnosis and Diet Recommendation System Using Ayurvedic Dosha Analysis
Authors: Vayadande Kuldeep , Sukte Chudaman D. , Bodhe Yogesh , Jagtap Tanishka , Joshi Atharv , Joshi Palash , Kadam Arushi , Kadam Sai
Published: November 2024

The current healthcare system often fails to account for individual health needs, leading to ineffective preventive measures and dietary guidance. Ayurvedic principles, which focus on the Dosha, offer a profound understanding of an individual's constitution, influencing their health, vulnerability to specific diseases, and ideal dietary choices. This paper explores the evolving intersection of ancient Ayurvedic wisdom and modern technology in the realm of disease diagnosis. Ayurveda, with its emphasis on personalized well-being, has long been a source of holistic health practices. In this context, the study delves into the intricate system of Ayurvedic Dosha analysis and its potential applications in contemporary healthcare. The research introduces an innovative way that seamlessly integrates traditional Ayurvedic pulse examination with state-of-the-art technology. By employing pulse sensors and advanced algorithms, the system not only identifies specific ailments but also classifies patients into Ayurvedic Prakriti types. Going beyond conventional diagnosis, this holistic approach extends to personalized recommendations, encompassing diet, lifestyle, Ayurvedic treatments, exercise, and daily routines. While addressing the challenges of harmonizing ancient principles with modern technology, the paper also presents the performance metrics of the model. The accuracy rates are as follows: Logistic Regression (LR) - 85.94%, Random Forest - 89.21%, Decision Tree - 99.70%, and k-Nearest Neighbors (KNN) - 86.43%. These metrics underscore the robustness of the system. In addition to outlining core concepts, methodologies, and model accuracies, the study explores current trends and recent developments in the field, offering readers a comprehensive understanding of Ayurvedic Dosha-based disease diagnosis. The research contributes to the broader discourse on healthcare by paving the way for early detection and individualized, holistic well-being for patients.
Evaluation of CO2 storage potential of Carboniferous sandstones in the Maritime Provinces of Canada
Authors: Carey John S. , Durling Paul
Published: November 2024

The suitability of Carboniferous sandstones in three regions of the Maritime Provinces of Canada for geological carbon storage was evaluated: the Horton Bluff Formation in the Windsor Sub-basin, the lower Cumberland Group sandstones in the Cumberland–Sackville Sub-basin, and the Pennsylvanian sandstones of Prince Edward Island. the properties of potential reservoirs and characteristics of vertical seals and barriers to lateral migration were evaluated using previously collected well logs, sample descriptions, core analyzes and seismic interpretations. Reservoir quality was found to be the limiting factor in all three regions. Sandstones in the upper Hurd Creek Member of the Horton Bluff Formation locally have porosities up to 15% and permeabilities up to 25 milliDarcies at depths up to 1200 m. their aggregate thickness may be suitable for GCS, but individual sandstones are thin and likely of limited lateral extent. the lower Cumberland Group contains sand-dominated successions up to 1 km thick with low porosity (5–7%) where known in the subsurface. Sandstone bodies in the Bradelle, Green Gables, and Cable Head formations beneath Prince Edward Island exceed tens of meters in thickness with porosities averaging up to 10–12% and permeabilities up to 10 milliDarcies. Evaporites in the overlying Windsor Group would provide a suitable seal for the Horton Bluff Formation; in other areas the top seal would be provided by mud-prone heterolithic intervals. the evaluated areas may provide opportunities for small onshore storage projects. Further work is warranted to delineate reservoir trends and verify the integrity of potential top seals and traps.
A quantified local-to-global principle for Morse quasigeodesics
Authors: Riestenberg J. Maxwell
Published: November 2024

Kapovich, Leeb and Porti (2014) gave several new characterizations of Anosov representations

\Gamma \to G

, including one where geodesics in the word hyperbolic group 

\Gamma

map to “Morse quasigeodesics” in the associated symmetric space

G/K

. In analogy with the negative curvature setting, they prove a local-to-global principle for Morse quasigeodesics and describe an algorithm which can verify the Anosov property of a given representation in finite time. However, some parts of their proof involve non-constructive compactness and limiting arguments, so their theorem does not explicitly quantify the size of the local neighborhoods one needs to examine to guarantee global Morse behavior. In this paper, we supplement their work with estimates in the symmetric space to obtain the first explicit criteria for their local-to-global principle. This makes their algorithm for verifying the Anosov property effective. As an application, we demonstrate how to compute explicit perturbation neighborhoods of Anosov representations with two examples.
Iteration theory of noncommutative maps
Authors: Belinschi Serban T. , Shamovich Eli
Published: November 2024

This note aims to study the iteration theory of noncommutative self-maps of bounded matrix convex domains. We prove a version of the Denjoy–Wolff theorem for the row ball and the maximal quantization of the unit ball of

\mathbb{C}^{d}

. For more general bounded matrix convex sets, we prove a version of Wolff’s theorem inspired by the results of Abate. Lastly, we use iteration and fixed point theory to generalize the commutative results of Davidson, Ramsey, and Shalit to quotients of the free semigroup algebra by WOT closed ideals.
Temozolomide and capecitabine regimen as first-line treatment in advanced gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors at a Latin American reference center
Authors: Cruz-Diaz Wagner Eduardo , Paitan Victor , Medina Jersinho , Flores Raymundo , Haro-Varas Juan , Mantilla Raul , Castro-Oliden Victor
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND

Numerous studies have indicated that the temozolomide and capecitabine regimen (TEMCAP) exhibits a certain level of efficacy in treating advanced, well-differentiated gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NET). However, published data from Peru are limited. We hypothesize that this regimen could be a viable therapeutic option for advanced GEP-NET in the Peruvian population.

AIM

To evaluate overall survival (OS) in patients diagnosed with advanced GEP-NET treated with TEMCAP at the Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas (INEN) in Lima-Perú.

METHODS

A retrospective review was conducted to identify patients with GEP-NEN treated with the TEMCAP regimen between 2011 and 2021 at the INEN. A total of thirty-eight patients were included in the final analysis: Thirty-five received TEMCAP as a first-line treatment, and three as a second-line treatment. The primary objective was to evaluate OS. The efficacy and safety of TEMCAP were assessed until the occurrence of unacceptable toxicity or disease progression. Survival outcomes were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method.

RESULTS

The median age of the patients was 52 years (range 24-77 years), and 53.3% were female. The most common symptoms at diagnosis were abdominal pain in 31 patients (81.6%). Primary tumors included 12 in the rectum (31.6%), 11 in the pancreas (28.9%), 3 in the ileum (7.9%), 2 in the mesentery (5.3%), 2 in the small intestine (5.3%), 1 in the appendix (2.6%), 1 in the stomach (2.6%) and 6 cases of liver metastasis of unknown primary (15.8%). Five were neuroendocrine tumors (NET) G1 (13.2%), 33 were NET G2 (86.8%), five had Ki67 < 3% (13.2%), and 33 had Ki67 between 3% and 20% (86.8%). TEMCAP was administered to 35 (92.1%) patients as first-line treatment. OS at 12, 36, and 60 months was estimated in 80%, 66%, and 42%, respectively, with a median OS of 49 months.

CONCLUSION

TEMCAP therapy is a viable first-line option regarding efficacy and tolerability in areas where standard therapy is inaccessible.
Use of traditional Chinese medicine bezoars and bezoar-containing preparations in hepatocarcinoma
Authors: Li De-Hui , Wen Qian-Er , Feng Rui-Qi , Qiao Chang , Tian Xiao-Tong
Published: November 2024

This manuscript used network pharmacology and experimental verification to analyze the anti-hepatocarcinoma mechanism of action of bezoars in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), discovering that it can affect the immune cells within the tumor microenvironment and related pathways to produce inhibitory effects in liver cancer. In TCM, bezoars have a unique therapeutic advantage in the prevention and treatment of tumors. They play an anti-tumorigenic role by regulating the immune microenvironment through multi-component, multi-target and multi-pathway mechanisms. With the application of nanotechnology, bezoars and their compound preparations have been developed into anti-cancer drugs with unique therapeutic advantages, providing novel treatment options for tumor patients.
Mobile Application for Digital Health Coaching in the Self-Management of Older Adults with Multiple Chronic Conditions: A Development and Usability Study
Authors: Park Ga Eun , Park Yeon-Hwan , Kim Kwang Gi , Park Jeong Yun , Hwang Minhwa , Lee Seonghyeon
Published: November 2024

Objectives: This study was conducted to develop a mobile application for digital health coaching to support self-management in older adults with multiple chronic conditions. Additionally, the usability of this application was evaluated.Methods: The HAHA2022 mobile application was developed through a multidisciplinary team approach, incorporating digital health coaching strategies targeting community-dwelling older adults with multiple chronic conditions. Usability was assessed with the Korean version of the Mobile Application Rating Scale. The usability tests involved eight expert panel members and 10 older adults (mean age, 74 ± 3 years; 90% women) from one senior welfare center.Results: HAHA2022 is an Android-based mobile application that is also integrated into wearable devices to track physical activity. It features an age-friendly design and includes five main menus: Home, Action Plan, Education, Health Log, and Community. The average overall usability test scores—covering engagement, functionality, aesthetics, and information—were 4.27 of 5 for the expert panel and 4.53 of 5 for the older adults.Conclusions: The HAHA2022 application was developed to improve self-management among communitydwelling older adults with multiple chronic conditions. Usability tests indicate that the application is highly acceptable and feasible for use by this population. Consequently, HAHA2022 is anticipated to be widely implemented. Nonetheless, further research is required to confirm its effectiveness through digital health intervention.
Nursing Records Regarding Decision-Making in Cancer Supportive Care: A Retrospective Study in Japan
Authors: Kawasaki Yuko , Nii Manab , Nishioka Eina
Published: November 2024

Objectives: This study was performed to examine the content of decision-making support and patient responses, as documented in the nursing records of individuals with cancer. These patients had received outpatient treatment at hospitals that met government requirements for providing specialized cancer care.Methods: Nursing records from the electronic medical record system (in the subjective, objective, assessment, and plan [SOAP] format), along with data from interviews, were extracted for patients receiving outpatient care at the Department of Internal Medicine and Palliative Care and the Department of Breast Oncology. Data analysis involved simple tabulation and text mining, utilizing KH Coder version 3.beta.07d.Results: The study included 42 patients from palliative care internal medicine and 60 from breast oncology, with mean ages of 70.5 ± 12.2 and 55.8 ± 12.2 years, respectively. Decisions most frequently regarded palliative care unit admission (25 cases) and genetic testing (24 cases). The assessment category covered keywords including (1) “pain,” “treatment,” “future,” “recuperation,” and “home,” as terms related to palliative care and internal medicine, as well as (2) “treatment,” “relief,” and “genetics” as terms related to breast oncology. The plan category incorporated keywords such as (1) “treatment,” “relaxation,” and “visit” and (2) “explanation,” “confirmation,” and “conveyance.”Conclusions: Nurses appear crucial in evaluating patients’ symptoms and treatment paths during the decision-making support process, helping them make informed choices about future treatments, care settings, and genetic testing. However, when patients cannot make a decision solely based on the information provided, clinicians must address complex psychological concepts such as disease progression and the potential genetic impact on their children. Further detailed observational studies of nurses’ responses to patients’ psychological reactions are warranted.
Implementation of the Digital Health Approach to Support Learning for Health Students Based on Bloom’s Taxonomy: A Systematic Review
Authors: Budi Savitri Citra , Putri Divi Galih Prasertyo , Puspitasari Kintan , Sena Al Razi
Published: November 2024

Objectives: Health students’ ability to utilize technology effectively is vital for improving the quality of future healthcare services. Relevant digital health education must be comprehensively integrated into training programs, continuing professional development activities, and school curricula to keep them current. This study investigated the most effective digital health approaches to enhance health students’ cognitive, affective, and psychomotor skills, thereby preparing them for the workforce.Methods: A literature review was conducted by searching for articles from 2013 to 2023 in PubMed, Science Direct, ERIC, and Scopus. The search used the PICO model, focusing on experimental studies and digital learning.Results: The review identified 26 studies, categorizing digital education methods into platform-based (46.2%), tools-based (30.7%), and training-based approaches (23.1%). Participants included health students (57.7%), healthcare professionals (34.6%), and a combination of both (7.7%). The content materials primarily targeted curriculum objectives (65.4%) and clinical applications (34.6%). The outcomes, classified according to Bloom’s taxonomy, were divided into cognitive (84.6%), affective (76.9%), and psychomotor (46.1%) domains.Conclusions: Digital health education benefits from a variety of approaches. A platformbased approach is recommended for delivering theoretical and methodological materials, a tools-based approach for simulations, and a training-based approach for practical skills to enhance the cognitive domain. Both platform-based and trainingbased approaches are advised to improve the affective and psychomotor dimensions of learning. This study underscores the importance of an integrated digital learning system in health educational institutions to prepare students for evolving health systems and to improve learning outcomes and skill transfer.
Titanium Alloy Sheet, Strip, and Plate, 6Al - 6V - 2Sn, Solution Heat Treated and Aged
Authors:   AMS G Titanium and Refractory Metals Committee
Published: November 2024

This specification covers a titanium alloy in the form of sheet, strip, and plate up through 4 inches (101.6 mm) (see 8.5).
Steel, Corrosion-Resistant, Bars, Forgings and Forging Stock 10Cr - 5.5Ni - 14Co - 2Mo - 1W (0.19-0.23C), Premium Aircraft Quality, Vacuum Induction Melted, Vacuum Arc Remelted, Normalized and Annealed
Authors:   AMS F Corrosion and Heat Resistant Alloys Committee
Published: November 2024

This specification covers a corrosion-resistant, premium aircraft-quality alloy steel in the form of bars, forgings, and stock for forging.
Steel, Corrosion Resistant Bars and Forgings 12.5Cr - 1.0Ni - 15.5Co - 2.0Mo Vacuum Induction Plus Vacuum Consumable Electrode Remelted
Authors:   AMS F Corrosion and Heat Resistant Alloys Committee
Published: November 2024

This specification covers a premium aircraft-quality corrosion-resistant steel in the form of bars, forgings, and forging stock.
Titanium Alloy, Sheet and Strip, 4Al - 2.5V - 1.5Fe, Electron Beam Single Melted. Annealed
Authors:   AMS G Titanium and Refractory Metals Committee
Published: November 2024

This specification covers a titanium alloy in the form of sheet and strip up to 0.143 inch (3.63 mm), inclusive, in nominal thickness (see 8.6).
Surrogate Basic Safety Messages for Testing and Evaluation Purposes Only
Authors:   V2X Vehicular Applications Technical Committee
Published: November 2024

This document includes the initial recommendations for a V2X-equipped host vehicle (eHV) or Roadside Equipment (RSE) that can broadcast a surrogate basic safety message (SBSM) on behalf of an unequipped remote vehicle (uRV). This document is published for testing only, using a Test PSID (e.g., 0x7f) and not the PSID used by SAE J2945/1 and SAE J3161/1 for standard basic safety message (BSM) transmission (0x20).

The basic principle is that the host system of the V2X capable device, whether on a host vehicle or an RSE, can determine whether detected vehicles are V2X enabled or not, and if not, formulate and broadcast messages on their behalf that describe their status to other V2X enabled devices. This document is based extensively on the V2V safety communication requirements in SAE J2945/1 and SAE J3161/1 and the supporting message set details in SAE J2735.

The initial version of this document is an information report. If feedback from implementations, testing, and simulation becomes available, this report may be updated to a recommended practice or standard. The performance, data quality, and corresponding population of message data fields need more consideration.
Effect of Meloidogyne incognita on the growth and yield of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) in JOS North Local Government Area, Plateau State, Nigeria
Authors: Lawal I.H. , Ibrahim I.I. , Dogun O. , Ubong I.H. , Dinchi P.T. , Aminu A.A. , Hassan I.A.
Published: November 2024

Meloidogyne incognita, commonly known as root-knot nematode, is a microscopic pest that inflicts substantial damage to various crops, including okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.). Understanding the impact of M. incognita on the growth and yield of okra is crucial for devising effective management strategies against the pest. This research work was conducted to determine the effect of M. incognita on the growth and yield of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.). The experimental design used was Complete Randomised Design comprising of four treatments; control (I0), Inoculum (I10), Inoculum (I20), and Inoculum (I30). Data were collected on the number of galls, plant height, number of branches, number of flowers, and yield of okra. The data was analyzed using ANOVA with the aid of Mini-Tab 17 statistical package and where significance was declared on the result, Duncan Multiple Range Test was used to separate the means. The result shows that no significant difference in inoculum level was recorded on plant height, number of branches, and number of flowers, However, a significant difference was recorded on number of galls, and yield with I10 significantly gave the highest (P ≤ 0.01) number of galls of (6.50) followed by I20 with (6.25) while I0 recorded no galls. Similarly, I0 significantly (P ≤ 0.05) recorded the highest yield of (okra) 1314.64 kg ha–1 followed by I20 with 538.16 kg ha-1. From this study, it can be concluded that larger variations in growth and yield variables of okra were found in response to M. incognita infection. Based on the result of the study, it is recommended that proactive and integrated management approaches are essential to sustainably address this nematode infestation and ensure the continued success of okra cultivation in affected regions.
CodeELECTRA: An ELECTRA-based approach for improved vulnerability detection in blockchain smart contracts
Authors: Usman Usman Bukar , Umar Kabir , Agaie Aliyu Isah
Published: November 2024

Blockchain technology has gained significant traction due to its core features of immutability, transparency, and decentralization. Smart contracts, self-executing programs stored on blockchains, play a vital role in enabling secure and automated transactions. Secure and automated transactions are made possible by self-executing programs and smart contracts that are kept on blockchains. The rapid progress of blockchain technology has been linked to an increase in security concerns targeting smart contracts. In comparison to traditional approaches, deep learning and transformer-based approaches have recently demonstrated a number of advantages, such as the capacity to learn from enormous datasets of known vulnerabilities and adjust to novel attack patterns. But Masked token training is the source of inefficiency for transformer-based approaches like CodeBert, resulting in low accuracy and restricted vulnerability coverage. Furthermore, we propose a novel approach, CodeELECTRA, by utilizing the Electra approach and context-aware masking to discover vulnerabilities, The model first step involves compiling and labeling the dataset of Solidity code that is vulnerable, and this is known as preprocessed Solidity code. Next, the logic decides which tokens to mask, the contest-aware masking step which employs a technique known as context-aware masking to strategically mask specific portions of the code during training. In the third step, model will use the pre-trained ELECTRA model to learn contextual representations of the masked code. The masked code is fed into the ELECTRA encoder to generate contextual embedding, and the fully connected layer is employed in the final step to compare and adjust the ELECTRA models' output in order to classify vulnerabilities. The effectiveness of the chosen model in identifying vulnerabilities will evaluate using the Sodifi benchmark dataset. CodeELECTRA approach will improve vulnerability detection in blockchain smart contracts.
Integrating GIS and AHP for a multi-criteria flood vulnerability assessment in the Benue River Basin, Nigeria
Authors: Adzandeh Ayila E. , Hamid-Mosaku Isa. A. , Ayodele Emmanuel. G, , Olayinka-Dosunmu, Dupe N. , Badejo Olusegun. T. , Okolie Chukwuma. J.
Published: November 2024

Life and infrastructure are becoming increasingly vulnerable to flooding and flood-related risks along the Benue River, particularly in Adamawa catchment, with inadequate knowledge about physical factors affecting vulnerability and flood-prone zones. Controlling flood vulnerability involves addressing vulnerabilities to communities and infrastructure whilst reducing flood risks and enhancing resilience. This study employed geospatial analysis and the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method to model and analyse seven flood vulnerability factors: elevation, drainage, soil type, precipitation, bedrock, slope of the surface, and land use/cover. Remote sensing data was utilised to create thematic map layers for the factor criterion. A pairwise comparison matrix was created and normalised to ensure uniformity. Weights were derived by averaging all of the row’s components and calculating the percentage weight. The estimated weights were applied to the theme layers in a weighted sum analysis with the highest weight (33.66%) assigned to drainage density while the least (2.68%) was assigned to land cover. The aggregation of information from the layers in ArcGIS software using the weighted sum analysis method produced a flood vulnerability map depicting the following vulnerability levels - low (19.89%), moderate (31.44%), high (31.80%), and extremely high (16.85%). Field investigation showed that the majority of the indicated flood-prone zones corresponded to field-based studies. The technique and findings were validated using a consistency ratio of 0.0944, which was discovered to be within the permissible range for satisfactory consistency of the criteria applied. A coherence value of 7.748 was obtained signifying severe rainfall causes floods in the area, with the River Benue and its tributaries being particularly prone to flooding occurrences. This result presents a platform for policy formulation by the relevant agencies to ensure resilience to flooding and vulnerability in the study area.
Assessment of growth and nutrient utilization in Clarias gariepinus x Heterobranchus bidorsalis hybrid (Heteroclarias) fingerlings- fed Leuceana leucocephala(Lam. de Wit) seed meal
Authors: Akpotor D. A. , Adagha O. , Aliu B. S.
Published: November 2024

There is a high demand for the plant protein source, soybean, for direct human consumption and industrial uses. A feeding trial was carried out to assess the growth and nutrient utilization of Clarias gariepinus x Heterobranchus bidorsalis hybrid (heteroclarias) fingerlings fed toasted Leuceana leucoceplala (Leuceana) seed meal in replacement for soybean meal. One hundred and five Heteroclarias fingerlings of average weight 3 ± 0.14g were fed five isonitrogenous (40% crude protein) diets in which toasted Leucaena seed meal replaced soybean meal at 0% (g.100g-1), 20%, 40%, 60%, and 80% respectively as diets I – V for 8 weeks. Proximate analysis of the diets was done before the experiment. Cleaning of experimental units was carried out by siphoning solid waste in each unit and water reduced by half and replaced before feeding. Fishes were fed in triplicates twice daily to satiation. Data obtained were subjected to ANOVA and means were deemed significant at 5% probability level. There was no significant difference (p>0.05) in mean weight gain (MWG), daily weight gain (DWG), and specific growth rate (SGR), as well as nutrient utilization indices – feed intake (FI), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) between the control diet and 20% inclusion. A further increase in Leuceana inclusion resulted in a progressive decline in growth and nutrient utilization and were significantly different from the control and 20% inclusion. Findings from this study suggest that soybean meal could be substituted with 20% Leuceana seed meal in the diet for heteroclarias fingerlings.
Comparative analysis between Genexpert and AAFB smear technique in Mycobacterium tuberculosis detection in sputum samples from HIV-negative patients
Authors: Moses-Otutu I. M. , Musa H. , Aichinede E. J.
Published: November 2024

The conventional method for Mycobacterium tuberculosis diagnosis has been the AAFB smear microscopy, which is cost-effective but has limited sensitivity and specificity. On the other hand, molecular diagnostic techniques like GeneXpert have emerged, offering higher sensitivity and the additional capability to detect rifampicin resistance. This study aimed to conduct a comparative analysis between GeneXpert assay and AAFB smear microscopy in Mycobacterium tuberculosis detection in sputum specimens from HIV-negative patients. Sputum samples were collected into a sterile container and AFB microscopy was carried out through conventional stained-slide microscopy. Assays by GeneXpert were performed using the manufacturer’s guidelines. Data obtained from this research was analyzed using GraphPad Prism version 9.0. Of the 133 samples tested, the number of positives for the AAFB system was 11 (36.7%) while the number of positives for GeneXpert was 19 (63.3%). The males in this study had a higher positive rate than their female counterparts (57.9% for GeneXpert and 63.6% for AAFB). Patients who fell into the 18-27-year age group had the highest positive rate compared to other age groups (52.6% for GeneXpert and 54.5% for AAFB). This study demonstrated the superior sensitivity of the GeneXpert system over AAFB smear microscopy in detecting Mycobacterium tuberculosis among HIV-negative patients. It is recommended that the GeneXpert system be prioritized where possible in tuberculosis diagnostic protocols to improve detection rates.
Cretaceous Patti Shales of southern Mid-Niger Basin as an insight to provenance, paleoenvironment, and paleoclimate: a comprehensive study
Authors: Aigbadon G.O. , Igbinigie N.S.
Published: November 2024

This study focuses on the geochemical, mineralogical, and palynological analyses of Cretaceous Shales of the Patti Formation within the Ahoko section of the southern Mid-Niger Basin, Nigeria. The aim of this research is to understand the provenance, paleoenvironment, and paleoclimate of the Mid-Niger Basin, Nigeria. The samples were analyzed using X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and palynomorph analysis techniques. The results of the geochemical study (XRF) showed that the sediments were mature and recycled because of the high quantities of SiO2 (28.759% - 62.107%), Fe2O3 (3.493% - 46.079%), Al2O3 (9.832% - 24.422%), and K2O (1.378% - 2.449%), respectively. The results of a mineralogical investigation showed that garnet, muscovite, orthoclase, illite, and osumilite were the least common minerals, with quartz being the most common mineral (33% - 51%) and followed by kaolinite (28% - 47%). Based on geochemical data, the provenance indicates that the sediments originated from felsic igneous provenance. Palynomorph revealed diverse assemblages of terrestrial paleoenvironments from the Campanian to Paleocene ages, including open forest vegetation. Cingulatisporites ornatus, Monocolpites sp., Longapertites sp., Cyathidites minor, Foveotriletes margaritae, Distaverrusporites simplex, Psilatricolporites crassus, Echitriporites trianguliformis, Rugulatisporites caperatus, Verrutricolporites irregularis, Diatom frustules, Tubistephanocolpites cylindricus, Laevigatosporites sp., Monoporites annulatus, Inaperturopollenites sp., and Tricolporopollenites sp. are among the palynomorphs identified in the samples. Additionally, arid to semi-arid climatic conditions at the source area are indicated by the SiO2/(Al2O3 + K2O + Na2O) ratios, which have an impact on sediment maturity. The integration of the lithological, geochemical and palynological data has provided insight into the provenance, depositional setting, and paleoclimate of the Cretaceous Patti Shale in the southern Mid-Niger Basin.
Numerical solution of fractional order model of measles disease with double dose vaccination
Authors: Agbata B.C. , Obeng-Denteh W. , Amoah-Mensah J. , Kwabi P. A. , Shior M.M. , Asante Mensa F. , Abraham S.
Published: November 2024

Measles remains a significant public health concern globally, despite the availability of effective vaccines. In this study, we develop a mathematical model of measles disease that integrates the impact of double dose vaccination and utilize the Laplace Adomian Decomposition Method (LADM) as a numerical approach to obtain solutions for the fractional order differential equations governing the model. The model accounts for the dynamics of susceptible, infected, and vaccinated individuals, considering the transmission dynamics of measles in a population with varying vaccination coverage. LADM, combining the Laplace transform and Adomian decomposition, provides a systematic method to solve the nonlinear fractional differential equations derived from the model, offering insights into the effectiveness of double dose vaccination strategies in controlling measles outbreaks.
Antibacterial and antifungal analysis of methanol extract of Calotropis Procera root
Authors: Abdullahi Abdullahi, M. , Odih C. , Akabuogu O. W. , Nkemakonam Olime M. , Ferdinand C.
Published: November 2024

The majority of recorded deaths in tropical nations are attributed to infectious diseases, which are becoming more common as germs become more resistant to antibiotics. Therefore, the development of more practical and potent therapeutic antibacterial agents as well as other active natural compounds from medicinal plants like Calotropis procera is necessary. The aim of this study is to test for antimicrobial properties of Calotropis Procera root. Calotropis Procera root was cold macerated for 48 hours using (1.5L) of methanol. The extracts (filtrate) were concentrated using a rotary evaporator. The antimicrobial effect of methanol extract of Calotropis procera on two bacteria: E. coli, H. pyroli and two fungi: Aspergillus niger, yeast Candida albicans were determined using disk diffusion. The results revealed that methanol extract of Calotropis procera showed antimicrobial properties. The growth of four bacterial and fungal isolates was inhibited by methanol extract of Calotropis Procera root. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for the methanol extract was between 200 and 400 μg/mL, the minimum bactericidal concentration was between 300 and 400 μg/mL for fungal and bacterial isolates. This study revealed that the C. procera root demonstrated strong inhibitory effect on the test organisms. The results therefore established a good support for the use of C. procera in traditional medicine.
Proximate and mineral composition of the fruits of Ziziphus mauritiana Lam. (Rhamnaceae) and Hypaena thebaica L. (Arecaceae)
Authors: Abubakar U. S. , Bashir M. , Aisha S. S. , Bashir L. U. , Abdullahi M. S. , Danmari Y. Y. , Habiba G. U. , Jamila G. A. , Abdullahi S.
Published: November 2024

The fruits of Ziziphus mauritiana and Hypaena thebaica are consumed by the people of Kano State, Nigeria for many centuries, however, the nutritional composition and medicinal values of the species growing in Kano State are not widely investigated. Thus, the present study was aimed at evaluating the proximate and mineral composition of their fruits using standard laboratory procedures. The results showed that the fruits of H. thebaica had the highest crude protein (9.03±0.21 %), moisture (7.28±0.01 %), crude lipid (0.62±0.01 %) and carbohydrate (72±0.06 %) contents, while the fruits of Z. mauritiana had the highest crude fibre (15.26±0.42 %) and ash (5.53±1.62 %) contents. Also, the mineral analysis showed that the fruits of H. thebaica had the highest potassium (350.52±0.50 mg/kg), magnesium (44.72±0.23 mg/kg), sodium (24.26±0.53 mg/kg), phosphorus (9.92±0.02 mg/kg), iron (12.65±0.51 mg/kg), selenium (9.81±0.29 mg/kg), copper (0.95±0.10 mg/kg), nickel (0.31±0.04 mg/kg), manganese (0.89±0.01 mg/kg) contents, while the fruits of Z. mauritiana had the highest calcium (190.95±0.15 mg/kg) content. The findings in this study showed that the fruits of H. thebaica and Z. mauritiana contain appreciable amounts of proximate, macro and microelements. Therefore, the fruits of these trees could be utilized as raw materials in food and pharmaceutical industries.
An overview of the risk factors and socio-economic impact of end-stage renal disease management
Authors: Zubairu Zahrau , Badar Safiyyah Muhammad , Ibrahim Usman Muhammad
Published: November 2024

The end-stage renal disease (ESRD) is an emerging public health problem associated with morbidity and mortality. This paper is a narrative review (qualitative and quantitative) of studies on the socio-economic impact of ESRD management to bring to the attention of relevant stakeholders the risk factors, various consequences of the disease, and the need to provide sustainable, cost-effective interventions for prevention, early diagnosis of cases and timely commencement of management. The development of ESRD and the impact of management of patients with ESRD depends on the interrelated factors and influence of the healthcare system, the lifestyle, biological factors, genetic factors, and the physical and social environment. The major risk factors for developing ESRD are hypertension and diabetes mellitus which are known to have familial linkage and exposure to modifiable risk factors like sedentary lifestyle, smoking, and alcohol ingestion. The diagnosis of the disease is based on laboratory parameters and the availability of trained healthcare workers capable of detecting signs, and symptoms and interpreting the laboratory results. Timely referral of cases is critical in salvaging the kidney’s functions. Hemodialysis or renal transplant are the management options for ESRD. The cost is unacceptably high, the number of facilities providing these services is currently unable to meet the demand of many patients, and there is a general lack of trained personnel capable of providing the needed services. The government and relevant stakeholders should ensure free or subsidized, services, an increased number of centers providing quality services, community and facility-based screening, and preventive intervention strategies.
The role of adipose tissue in the regulation and dysregulation of blood pressure: a conceptual narrative review
Authors: Bashir M.A.
Published: November 2024

Adipose tissue is a metabolically active tissue with its amount and functionality known to affect cardiometabolic status of individuals including blood pressure. The aim of this review is to summarize the interactions of adipose with skeletal muscle and liver in the regulation and dysregulation of blood pressure. Online searches of Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scopus were conducted. Increased metabolic demands from tissues such as adipose tissue, skeletal muscle and gut causes local vasodilation and simultaneous widespread sympathetic activation to prevent fall in cardiac output and divert blood away from metabolically less active tissue at the moment. Both local vasodilatation and the systemic vasoconstriction are triggered by the same local factors such as ATP, ADP and bradykinin with the vasoconstriction effects mediated through afferent reflexes. This can cause blood pressure to either rise or fall depending on the balance between the local vasodilatory and systemic vasoconstrictor effects essentially making local metabolic activity a central factor in determining systemic blood pressure. Increased metabolic activity of skeletal muscle is synonymous with increased physical activity whereas increased metabolic activity of the gut is synonymous with feeding. In both cases, there is increased adipose tissue metabolic activity for opposing reasons; lipolysis in the former and fat storage in the latter. Increased lean body mass inevitably happens in the context of increased physical activity and skeletal muscle mass and with reduction of both fat mass and adipose tissue afferent reflex, hence reduction in blood pressure. Obesity happens under exactly opposite context; decreased physical activity and an increase in both fat mass and adipose tissue afferent reflex and thus high blood pressure.
Jamming and anti-jamming solutions for 5G and IoT
Authors: Aghware F.O , Ogala J.O
Published: November 2024

Wireless networks, especially 5G and IoT networks, are vulnerable to intentional interference or jamming. Jamming attacks can cause severe disruption to network operations and compromise the confidentiality and integrity of transmitted data. Therefore, effective anti-jamming techniques are essential for ensuring the reliability and security of these networks. This paper presents a comprehensive survey of state-of-the-art anti-jamming solutions for 5G and IoT networks. The paper covers the different types of jamming attacks, their impact on network performance, and the various anti-jamming techniques such as frequency hopping, spread spectrum techniques, beamforming, multi-antenna systems, and physical layer security. The paper also includes an experimental evaluation of anti-jamming techniques and provides practical implications and recommendations. The findings of this study can help network engineers and researchers to design more secure and resilient wireless networks in the 5G and IoT era.
Interaction of edible vegetable oils with visible light: implications for food quality
Authors: Oyem Hector Henry , Oyem Ifeanyi Mirian
Published: November 2024

The practice of exposing edible vegetable oils to light and the effect on food quality was the focus of this study. Palm and groundnut oil were studied under the influence of different wavelengths of light corresponding to red, blue, and green light for about a period of one month during which the acid values, free fatty acid values, peroxide values, and iodine values were monitored. Results indicated that both acid values and free fatty acid values of the two oil types increased directly with light in the order of red > blue > green light respectively. Second, light had barely little effect on the peroxide values of the two oils during the storage period. Third, the light had a weak effect on the iodine values of the two oil types studied. Fourth, groundnut oil was safer for consumption than palm oil after a long period of exposure to light. It was concluded that indiscriminately exposing these oils to light affected their quality as it led to increased hydrolysis of triglycerides. It was recommended that oils should be packaged in amber containers to limit the absorption of incident light.
Evaluation of the antibacterial potentials of phytosomal gel of Cassia alata leaf extract
Authors: Alalor C.A. , Okafo S.E. , Agbamu E. , Ayewunmi E.
Published: November 2024

Phytosomes are vesicular drug delivery systems which are complexes between herbal material and natural phospholipids proven to be beneficial in providing good absorption and better bioavailability over herbal conventional extracts. This study was carried out to evaluate the antibacterial activity of phytosomal gels formulated with aqueous extract of cassia alata leaf. The crude drug was extracted using cold maceration and concentrated. The crude extract was evaluated for its antibacterial activity using antibacterial sensitivity test against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, by measuring the inhibitory zone diameter (IZD). The phytosomal herbal gel was evaluated for viscosity, pH, extrudability and spreadability. The pH values of the formulated gels were in the range of 5.46-7.53, the viscosity ranged between 11,567 to 70,333 mPa s. The 200 mg and 400 mg samples of the crude extract gave IZD values of 10.5 mm and 15 mm for S. aureus and 15mm and 17 mm for E. coli. Corresponding concentrations of phytosomal gels of Cassia alata (PG1-PG3 containing 200mg Cassia alata) and (PG4-PG6 containing 400 mg Cassia alata) gave higher IZD of 21.5-27 mm for S. aureus and 19-24.5 mm for E. coli. Phytosomes of Cassia alata was successfully formulated. The in vitro antibacterial activity of Cassia alata was improved with the incorporation of phytosomes giving better profile than the crude extract and the plain gel against S. aureus and E. coli. This enhanced activity can possibly be harnessed for the treatment of skin condition in which these pathogens are implicated in the aetiology.
Sciatic nerve variations around the piriformis muscle and bifurcation level: An anatomical study
Authors: Habumuremyi S. , Kubwimana O. , Archibong V. , Gashegu J.
Published: November 2024

Background: The ventral rami from the fourth lumbar to the third sacral spinal nerves form the Sciatic Nerve (SN). SN exits the pelvis  through the greater sciatic foramen at the inferior border of the Piriformis Muscle (PM), and then it bifurcates into the common fibular  and tibial nerves in the popliteal fossa, however it may present different patterns.
Objectives: To identify the SN relation to the PM and  the level of bifurcation.
Method: Twenty-two lower limbs were dissected to expose the SNs, then the SN position to the PM were studied,  and then the levels of the SN bifurcation from the inferior border of the PM were measured and compared to the thigh lengths.
Results:  SN patterns to PM were as follows: 4% were type B in which one component of the SN passed under the PM, while the other component  passed through the piriformis muscle. Twenty three percent were type G in which the divided SN components pass under the PM, and  73% were type A in which the undivided SN passed under the PM. SN bifurcated at the following levels: 18% in pelvic region, 14% in the  upper 1/3 of the thigh, and 4% in the middle 1/3 of the thigh. Two SN (9%) showed different patterns where one bifurcated in the pelvis,  reunited in mid-thigh, and bifurcated again in the inferior 1/3 of the thigh. Another one bifurcated in the gluteal region at the inferior  edge of the piriformis muscle, reunited in upper one third of the thigh, and then bifurcated again in popliteal fossae. The remaining 12  (55%) SN bifurcated in the popliteal fossae.
Conclusion: Knowledge of the variants of the SN is needed for the accuracy and the safety of  the procedures in this area.
Factors associated with favourable short-term non-operative treatment outcomes among patients with degenerative cervical spine disease at Muhimbili Orthopaedic Institute
Authors: Mutagwaba M.C. , Itaru F.F. , Assey A.B.
Published: November 2024

Background: Non-operative treatment of cervical degenerative spine disease involves pharmacotherapy and physical therapy. Favorable  Short-term treatment outcomes include pain reduction and sensory-motor recovery, with an eventual return to normal daily activities as  a longterm outcome. Several factors have been attributed to early pain relief and sensorimotor recovery; these include early diagnosis  and combined therapy.
Objective: This prospective study was carried out from June to December 2022 and was carried out to determine factors associated with  favourable short-term treatment outcomes among patients with degenerative cervical spine disease treated non-operatively at Muhimbili  Orthopaedics Institute (MOI).
Methods: This prospective study involved 78 individuals diagnosed with chronic degenerative cervical spine disease, undergoing six weeks of non-operative treatment. Patient data, including gender, age, occupation, and symptoms,  were collected via a questionnaire. Disease severity and treatment outcome were assessed using the Copenhagen Neck  Functional Disability Scale (CNFDS) and the modified Japanese Orthopaedic Association scale (mJOA).
Results: Out of 78 patients, most  were female (71.79%) and over 60 years old. Axial neck pain and radiculopathy were common clinical presentations, with moderate  severity at presentation predominating. Combined therapy was frequently used and showed better pain reduction than pharmacotherapy alone (p = 0.002) also initial disease severity significantly influenced pain reduction (p = 0.02).
Conclusion: The study  findings indicate that non-surgical treatments at MOI can notably alleviate initial pain in degenerative cervical spine disease patients, with  initial severity significantly influencing short-term outcomes. However, sensorimotor improvements from non-operative methods  were insufficient, warranting additional research for validation.
Closed reduction of a hip dislocation following total femoral replacement using a traction table: A case report
Authors: Ekwe K. , Ogedegbe F. , Akinola B. , Abudu A.
Published: November 2024

Hip dislocations are relatively common complications following arthroplasties. In majority of cases closed reduction is the first option for  treating this significant complication. Regular reduction techniques place a great strain on the surgeon physically and also significant  strain on the implants. We present an easier option for closed reduction with traction table under image guidance that may be useful in  difficult cases. A 72 year old, obese lady presented with an infected distal femoral replacement and had a total femoral replacement. This  was done in two stages 12 weeks apart. An unconstrained liner was used. She suffered recurrent hip dislocations (4 episodes) afterwards  within 5 months of the surgery. Each episode was reduced successfully by closed reduction using a traction table under C arm guidance. With physiotherapy and better patient education she is currently community ambulant with a walking stick and has not dislocated in the  last 27 months. Reduction of hip dislocation especially following an arthroplasty or femoral replacement can be effected successfully  using a traction table. This can be one of the options for closed reduction of dislocation following arthroplasty.