bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cidadania nas políticas de currículo da educação em ciências: conduta padrão, diferença e hospitalidade incondicional
Authors: Pimentel Júnior Clívio
Published: October 2024

O propósito deste artigo é problematizar as configurações discursivas que entrelaçam as significações de participação social, de conhecimento científico e de exercício da cidadania na política padrão da Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BNCC), focalizando a área de Ciências da Natureza e suas Tecnologias voltada ao Ensino Médio. Partindo de uma implicação epistemológica pós-estrutural discursiva, lança mão das meditações desconstrutivas de Derrida, sobretudo da noção filosófica de hospitalidade incondicional e seu comprometimento com a alteridade radical, para pensar as implicações curriculares do que pode significar a instituição de padrões de aprendizagem para o uso social do conhecimento científico na política da BNCC voltada à educação em ciências. Nesse itinerário, ao aprofundar a discussão sobre a diferença na teorização curricular, desenvolve o argumento de que a fixação pragmática da relação entre o conhecimento científico, a participação social, o exercício da cidadania e a consequente projeção de padrões comportamentais aos sujeitos conduz a pensar no gesto universalista em instituir conduta padrão por meio da aprendizagem escolar de ciências. Defende-se que a noção de hospitalidade incondicional, ao colocar a relação infinita com a alteridade inesperada e a abertura do currículo à diferença no centro do debate, possibilita, ao mesmo tempo, problematizar os limites da representação universalista da identidade cidadã na política de currículo da BNCC, como também pensar em uma política não determinista de currículo, de conhecimento e de participação social, provocando rachaduras nas operações discursivas que circunscrevem padrões sobre o que significa ser cidadão na educação em ciências.
Educação Ambiental na Formação de Professores de Química: o que dizem as Produções Nacionais
Authors: Ponzoni Aline Sobierai , Slaviero André , Passos Camila Greff , Moço Maria Cecilia de Chiara , Pazinato Maurícius Selvero , Cristine Ernst Frizzo Taís
Published: October 2024

A Educação Ambiental (EA) é uma dimensão educacional cuja presença é imprescindível em todas as etapas de ensino, incluindo os processos de formação docente. Os conhecimentos, valores e atitudes que essa perspectiva visa constituir permitem a formação de agentes transformadores para questionar os paradigmas sociais. Interligado a isso, na formação de professores, em específico de Química, é possível ressignificar as práticas de formação voltando-se a debates e problematizações sobre a temática socioambiental. Nesse contexto, esta pesquisa objetiva realizar uma investigação qualitativa, do tipo estado do conhecimento, em duas bases de dados, a saber: Portal de Periódicos da CAPES e SciELO, a fim de identificar as publicações ali presentes, e como estas apresentam o panorama da tríade Educação Ambiental, Formação Inicial de Professores e Química. Após a leitura e análise de seis artigos selecionados como corpus da pesquisa, as informações obtidas foram analisadas por intermédio da Análise de Conteúdo (AC). Com isso, pôde-se identificar duas categorias: Potencialidades formativas da Educação Ambiental na formação de educadores químicos e Ações isoladas/fragmentadas da Educação Ambiental. Os resultados apontam que a EA ainda carece de maiores abordagens na formação superior de professores de Química (transversais, integradas e mobilizadoras), possibilitando a estruturação de propostas de ações geradoras, no meio social de análises abrangentes da realidade, distanciadas de visões reducionistas ou pontuais e livres de vieses capitalistas de alienação.
Cost of Being Online for Brain: Changing Working Memory Attributes, Associated Metacognitive Knowledge and Long-Term Memory Processing
Authors: Yüce Alp Eren
Published: October 2024

Converging evidence from neuroscience and psychological sciences demonstrates that continuous sensory stimulation within the intensive internet use affects brain functioning on a broad scale. This includes essential memory, and metacognitive functions extend to the healthiness and disorders which are critical for the adaptive behavior and learning processes. This study aims to show the relation between intensive internet use and the responds of the brain in neural and behavioral levels through some working memory attributes and associated metacognitive functions and long-term memory processing. Accordingly, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies suggest that being online intensively has an impact on activation levels in Anterior Cingulate Cortex, Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex, Orbitofrontal Cortex, Medial and Medial frontal Gyrus, ventral striatum, and the dynamic connectivity pathways including frontal, medial and parietal networks such as Default Mode Network and Task Network which are important for memory and metacognitive functions. Moreover, intensive internet use habits affect some cognitive skills such as the selection of information cues, manipulation and retention of the information and attentional control; evaluation of one’s present knowledge, and regulation of the learning processes for; encoding, consolidation and retrieval of information for long-term memory processes are the effected features. As a conclusion, intensive internet use has a critical impact on neural processes in modular and whole brain level and could play a strong role for the alteration of memory and metacognitive processes.
The Impact of Capital Structure, Company Size, and Good Corporate Governance on Financial Performance and Company Value
Authors: Mayasari Fahmi , Budiyanto  , Asyik Nur Fadjrih
Published: October 2024

This study aims to resolve the inconsistencies in prior research regarding the effects of capital structure, firm size, and good corporate governance (GCG) on company value. Additionally, it investigates the moderating role of corporate social responsibility (CSR) in the relationship between financial performance and company value, offering new insights into this dynamic interaction. This study utilizes a saturated sample or census approach, including all population members, due to the small population size and the researcher's ability to access the required data. Data from 71 manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) between 2018 and 2022 were obtained from their financial statements and annual reports. A quantitative analysis was conducted using Partial Least Square (PLS) regression with the SmartPLS 4.0 software. The results indicate that capital structure, company size, and GCG significantly impact financial performance. Additionally, capital structure was found to significantly affect company value, while company size and GCG did not. Financial performance significantly influenced company value, but CSR did not directly affect company value and did not moderate the relationship between financial performance and company value.
Analysis of the Determinants for the Islamic Social Responsibility
Authors: Olimsar Fredy , Putra Wirmie Eka , Tialonawarmi Feny , Attahira Melinda Sania
Published: October 2024

This research aims to determine the influence of firm size, profitability, leverage, and board size on Islamic social responsibility. The population in this research are companies listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange in 2020–2022. In this research, we will see the simultaneous and partial influence and the dominant variables using data analysis tools in the form of multiple linear regression, coefficient of determination, hypothesis testing using the F test and t-test, and the classical assumption test. Based on the research results, it can be concluded as follows: Simultaneously, firm size, profitability, leverage, and board size influence Islamic social responsibility. Partially, it can be seen that not all variables have a significant effect on Islamic social responsibility. Firm size and leverage influence Islamic social responsibility, while profitability and board size have no influence.
Prise en compte des réseaux écologiques par les entreprises grâce à la modélisation de la connectivité avec Graphab
Authors: THIERRY Chloé , SANTONI Laure
Published: October 2024

La fragmentation et la destruction des habitats naturels résultant des activités humaines jouent un rôle majeur dans le déclin de la biodiversité. Restaurer les continuités écologiques est un bon moyen d’action pour limiter ces impacts, et les entreprises, gestionnaires de foncier, sont concernées par ces enjeux. Cet article expose les choix méthodologiques à effectuer lors des différentes étapes de la modélisation de la connectivité par la théorie des graphes (avec le logiciel Graphab) ainsi que différents contextes d’utilisations de celle-ci pour des sites d’entreprises. La modélisation de la connectivité, bien que présentant quelques limites, peut ainsi être très utile à une entreprise en tant qu’outil d’aide à la décision pour déterminer des objectifs d’aménagement, de conservation ou de gestion sur leurs sites, dans l’objectif d’une meilleure prise en compte des réseaux écologiques.
Analysis of Thermal Comfort as an Influencing Factor on Academic Performance of University Students
Authors: Romero Pilar , Valero-Amaro Víctor , Rubio Sergio , Miranda María Teresa
Published: October 2024

Academic performance is the level of achievement that students reach in their educational activities. It is influenced by several factors that should be analysed and prioritised, especially in engineering courses, characterised by their difficulty and low success rates compared to other careers. This paper analyses the impact of these factors on academic performance during exams in a technical college in southwestern Spain, with a particular focus on environmental conditions, identified as a relevant and independent variable. The results show a significant connection with thermal comfort and academic performance. Temperatures within the comfort range (23-26°C) improved students' satisfaction with exams. In contrast, those who experienced thermal discomfort pointed to environmental conditions as the main obstacle to their performance, overcoming factors such as prior preparation and coincidence of exams. These findings underline the importance of optimising the classroom's thermal environment through strategies that promote a more favourable learning space, improving both students' well-being and their academic performance.
Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery: Anatomy and Molecular Insight into the Self-Assembly of Peptide-based Hydrogels
Authors: Mashweu Adelaide R , Azov Vladimir A
Published: October 2024

Bioavailability, release and stability of pharmaceuticals under physicochemical conditions is the major cause of drug candidates failing during their clinical trials. Therefore, extensive efforts have been invested in the development of novel drug delivery systems able to transport drugs to a desired site and to improve the bioavailability. Hydrogels, and peptide hydrogels in particular, have been extensively investigated due to their excellent biocompatibility and biodegradability properties. However, peptide hydrogels often have weak mechanical strength, which limits their therapeutic efficacy. Therefore, a number of methods in improving their rheological properties have been established. This review will cover the broad area of drug delivery focusing on the recent developments in this research field. We will discuss the variety of different types of nanocarrier drug delivery systems, and then, more specifically, the significance and perspectives of peptide-based hydrogels. In particular, the interplay of intermolecular forces that govern the self-assembly of peptide hydrogels, progress made in understanding the distinct morphologies of hydrogels, and applications of non-canonical amino acids in hydrogel design will be discussed in more detail.
Novel Peptide-Drug Conjugates with Dual Anticancer Activity
Authors: O’Flaherty Siobhán , Luzina Olga A , Dyrkheeva Nadezhda S , Krier Ysaline , Leprince Jérôme , Zakharenko Alexandra L , Pokrovsky Mikhail A , Pokrovsky Andrey G , Lavrik Olga I , Salakhutdinov Nariman F , Varbanov Mihayl , Devocelle Marc , Volcho Konstantin P
Published: October 2024

Cationic Antimicrobial Peptides (AMPs), also called Host Defence Peptides have established antimicrobial and anticancer activities. Conjugation of an AMP to a bioactive molecule with complementary activity can address some of the clinical limitations of the peptide candidate. This approach has been particularly applied in antimicrobial applications of AMPs, but remains relatively less explored in the generation of anticancer candidates. Herein, two usnic acid derivatives, based on hydrazinothiazole and benzylidenefuranone pharmacophore moieties, respectively, have been conjugated to L-K6, a lysine/leucine rich AMP, through a new pyrazole ligation intrinsically driven by the cargo molecule. Both components, the usnic acid derivative and the peptide, are selectively active against cancer cells, by targeting the human DNA repair enzyme tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase 1 (TDP1) and through DNA damage, respectively. The two conjugates, based on a hydrazone linkage, exhibited pleiotropic effects, ranging from, overall, reduction of the activity from the parent drugs to their conservation or even enhancement. Notably, the conjugates retain some anti-TDP1 activity and display intermediate, or even higher, cytotoxicities against glioblastoma cells, compared to their individual components.
Prospects of Halide Perovskites for Solar-to-Hydrogen Production
Authors: Liu Huilong , Korukonda Tulja Bhavani , Bansal Shubhra
Published: October 2024

Solar driven hydrogen generation is one of the promising technologies to a address the world’s growing energy demand in an sustainable way. While, for hydrogen generation (otherwise water splitting), photocatalytic, photoelectrochemical and PV-integrated water splitting systems employing conventional semiconductor oxides materials and their electrodes are under investigation over a decade, lead (Pb)- halide perovskites (HPs) made their debut in 2016. Since then, the exceptional characteristics of these materials, such as their tunable optoelectronic properties, ease of processing, high absorption coefficients, and long diffusion lengths, have positioned them as a highly promising material for solar-driven water splitting. Like in solar photovoltaics, in solar driven water splitting field is also dominated by Pb-HPs with on-going efforts to improve the material stability and improving the hydrogen evolution/generation rate (HER). Despite this, with the unveiling potential of various Pb-free HP compositions in the photovoltaics and optoelectronics inspired researchers to explore the potential of these materials in water splitting. In this current review, we outlined the fundamentals of the water splitting, summary of Pb HPs in this field and the associated issues are presented. Subsequently, Pb-free HPs compositions and strategies employed for improving the photocatalytic and/or electrochemical activity of the material are discussed in detail. Finally, this review presents existing issues and future potential of lead-free HPs, which show potential for enhancing productivity of solar-to-hydrogen conversion technologies.
Pre-service Teachers’ Changing Beliefs in a Digital Humanity Course: Three Cases of ELT Teachers
Authors: Zhou Jing , Huang Ting , Chen Si
Published: October 2024

While a number of studies focused on pre-service teachers’ belief change in teacher education programs, the process of English Language Teaching (ELT) pre-service teachers’ belief change on technology integration remains underexplored. Adopting Cabaroglu and Roberts (2000)’s framework, this study investigated the process of belief change among three ELT pre-service teachers in a digital humanity course in a teacher education program in the US. The data were collected from interviews, the “story of self” of the participants, bi-weekly reflective journals, end-of-the semester reflection papers, and lesson plans. The study revealed that student teachers’ beliefs experienced different processes of change during the course, including awareness and realization, confirmation and consolidation, elaboration and polishing, addition, disagreement, and reversal. The paper provides a new understanding of the benefit of a digital humanity course with a technology integration focus in a teacher education program, which could exert a significant effect on affecting pre-service teachers’ beliefs on technology integration.
Photon Interactions with External Gravitational Fields: True Cause of Gravitational Lensing
Authors: Thakur Soumendra Nath
Published: October 2024

This study investigates the fundamental equations governing photon behaviour in external gravitational fields due to electromagnetic-gravitational interaction, emphasizing their energy, momentum, and wavelength relationships. Building upon the pioneering contributions of Max Planck and Louis de Broglie, the analysis highlights key equations such as E = hf, ρ = h/λ, and ℓp/tp = c, which elucidate the wave-particle duality and energy conservation principles applicable to photons. The conservation of photon energy in gravitational fields, expressed by Eg = E, underscores the symmetrical nature of photon interactions as they traverse strong gravitational environments. The observed phenomena of redshift and blueshift are interpreted within this framework, alongside a reinterpretation of gravitational lensing as a consequence of the momentum exchange between photons and the curvature of external gravitational fields. This perspective challenges conventional understandings and suggests that established theories may require refinement. The study advocates for the integration of alternative frameworks, such as quantum gravity and flat spacetime models, to address discrepancies between observed photon behaviour and current gravitational theories. By exploring these interactions, this research aims to enhance our understanding of the fundamental laws governing the universe, contributing to ongoing efforts toward a unified theory that reconciles quantum mechanics and gravity.
The Two Sexually Compatible Monokaryons from a Heterokaryotic Lentinula edodes Strain Respond Differently to Heat Stress
Authors: Guo Yuan , Jiao Wenyu , Zhang Yajie , Tan Meiting , Gao Qi , Liu Yu , Wang Shouxian
Published: October 2024

A comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms underlying how Lentinula edodes handles heat stress (HS) is crucial for the development of superior HS-resistant strains. However, the mechanism by which the two sexually compatible haploid nuclei respond to heat stress remains largely unknown. Here, we examined the nuclei-specific (SP3 and SP30) HS-resistant mechanisms using integrated metabolomic and transcriptomic analysis. Results showed HS elicited the boost of ROS and hampered the mycelium growth for both monokaryons. Metabolome and transcriptome data demonstrated that the two sexually compatible monokaryons responded differently to HS. For SP3, the differentially expressed genes were significantly enriched in MAPK signaling, cell cycle and sugar metabolism, whereas those for SP30 were enriched in glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism, and protein processing. The differentially accumulated metabolites of both strains were enriched in the glycerophospholipid metabolism, alpha-linolenic acid metabolism, biosynthesis of cofactors, etc, but with different regulatory modes. The enriched KEGG pathways for SP3 mostly tend to be down-regulated, whereas those in SP30 showed a contrary trend. The genes in MAPK signaling pathway might be associated with the glycerophospholipid metabolism in SP3, but not in SP30. Omics-integration analysis depicted distinguishable regulatory networks and discovered totally different hub genes of the two strains. Our findings revealed for the first time that the two sexually compatible nuclei responded to HS with different mechanisms and provided candidate metabolites, responsive genes and regulatory pathways for further experimental validation.
Role of Fatty Acids β-Oxidation in the Metabolic Interactions Between Organs
Authors: Panov Alexander V. , Mayorov Vladimir I. , Dikalov Sergey I.
Published: October 2024

In recent decades, several discoveries have been made that force us to reconsider old ideas about mitochondria and energy metabolism in the light of these discoveries. In this review, we discuss metabolic interaction between various organs, metabolic significance of the primary substrates and their metabolic pathways, namely aerobic glycolysis, lactate shuttling, and fatty acids β-oxidation. We rely on the new ideas about the supramolecular structure of the mitochondrial respiratory chain (respirasome), the necessity of supporting substrates for fatty acids β-oxidation, and the reverse electron transfer via succinate dehydrogenase during β-oxidation. We conclude that ATP production during fatty acid β-oxidation has its upper limits and thus cannot support high energy demands alone. Meanwhile, β-oxidation creates conditions that significantly accelerate the cycle: glucose-aerobic glycolysis-lactate-gluconeogenesis-glucose. Therefore, glycolytic ATP production becomes an important energy source in high energy demand. In addition, lactate serves as a mitochondrial substrate after converting to pyruvate + H+ by the mitochondrial lactate dehydrogenase. All coupled metabolic pathways are irreversible, and the enzymes are organized into multienzyme structures.
Evaluation of the Effects of Age, Gender and Dexpanthenol Containing Skincare on the Facial and Body Skin Microbiome
Authors: Qaizar Zainab , Salvo Raffaella de , Bieri Gregor , Unbereit Katrin , Montgomery Shannon , Peltier Erwan
Published: October 2024

Given the pivotal role played by the microbiome in skin health it is important to understand how its composition varies with age, gender and body site, and regular use of topical products. Four studies have been carried out to determine the effects of long term (4 week) use of different dexpanthenol containing topical products on the skin microbiome of a varied population with cosmetically dry skin. Skin microbiome composition was assessed before and after product usage. No significant changes in microbiome richness or diversity were found for the individual test products, however meta-analysis of the combined dataset did show changes in microbiome composition as a function of subject sex, age and body site. The work presented here demonstrates how the use of carefully formulated topical products on skin, when used in a way which is representative of real life usage conditions, can respect the microbial diversity present on skin across a widely varied study population.
A Human-Centered Framework for Examining Macro Level Organizational Phenomena: Development and Application to University Technology Transfer
Authors: Townes Malcolm
Published: October 2024

The theoretical and conceptual frameworks commonly used to study university-to-industry technology transfer (i.e., university technology transfer) are potentially distorting our understanding of the phenomenon and impeding knowledge creation about it. Reification is a particularly chronic pathology in university technology transfer research. Additionally, studies are predominantly from the perspective of universities. Examination of university technology transfer from the perspective of private sector firms (i.e., the demand side perspective), particularly small and medium-sized enterprises, seems to be lacking. Moreover, the quantitative correlational methodologies which are predominantly used to research university technology transfer cannot adequately capture the casual complexity to which the phenomenon is likely subject. This myopia in university technology transfer research is likely driven in part by the theories and conceptual frameworks that scholars have chosen to apply in their studies. This paper presents a human-centered framework for examining macro level organization phenomena that mitigates the problem of reification in technology transfer studies and enables better examinations of the phenomena from the perspective of demand side actors and well as supply side participants. Its usefulness is demonstrated using a mini case study that applies the framework to critique a previously published paper.
Bacteria Resistances in Positive Urine Cultures from a Tertiary Care Hospital in Western Part of Romania – a Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Olariu Nicu , Chisavu Lazar , Chisavu Flavia , Schiller Adalbert , Marc Luciana , Licker Monica , Albai Oana , Paunescu Andrei , Tucicovschi Vlad , Mihaescu Adelina , Apostol Adrian
Published: October 2024

Background/Objectives: Urinary tract infections represent a global problem with implications on mortality and morbidity. Published data present different bacterial incidence and different antibiotics resistances. With this study, we aimed to evaluate bacteria distribution and antibiotic resistance in a tertiary care hospital from the Western part of Romania.
Methods: we evaluated all the positive urine culture from the year 2021 from the Emergency County Hospital “Pius Brinzeu” from Timisoara, Romania. We evaluated 1264 urine cultures and identified the following bacteria: Escherichia Coli, Klebsiella spp, Proteus spp., Pseudomonas auruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Enteroccocus spp., Enterobacter spp., Acinetobacter baumanii, Providencia spp., Corynebacterium spp.
Results: Median age was 67 with 65.6% females. Diabetes mellitus incidence was 12%. Most common bacteria was E. coli – 44.1%, followed by Enterococcus spp. – 17.1%, Klebsiella spp. -15.7% and Proteus spp. – 5.4% E. coli presented the highest resistance rate to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (50%), Enterococcus spp. to ciprofloxacin (71.3%), Klebsiella spp. to piperacillin-tazobactam (43.3%) and Proteus spp. to trimetroprime-sulfometoxazole (33%). The highest incidence of MDR bacteria was among Acinetobacter baumanii (40%), followed by MRSA (31.8%) and Klebsiella spp. (25.3%).
Conclusions: Bacteria distribution is similar in all the Romanian regions among the positive urine cultures. Antibiotics resistance differ among regions and the MDR bacteria incidence is rising.
Early-Stage Femoral Head Hypoperfusion Correlates with Femoral Head Deformity at Intermediate Follow-up in Legg-Calvé-Perthes Disease
Authors: Kang Michael Seungcheol , Zimmerhanzel David , Haider Shamrez , Kwang-Woo Kim Harry
Published: October 2024

Background:

Perfusion MRI (pMRI) can quantify femoral head hypoperfusion in early-stage Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease. We investigated whether the severity of hypoperfusion measured at the early stage correlates with femoral head deformity at intermediate-term follow-up.

Methods:

Sixty-three patients who were 5 to 11 years of age at the diagnosis of Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease and who had pMRI performed at an early stage (Waldenström Stage 1 to 2a) were retrospectively reviewed. Twenty-eight patients were treated nonoperatively and 35 were treated with proximal femoral varus osteotomy (PFVO). The sphericity deviation score (SDS) was used as the primary outcome. Femoral head perfusion and SDS were measured by 2 observers. Models assessing the relationship between hypoperfusion and SDS were fitted without and with stratifications by age at diagnosis and treatment method.

Results:

All 63 patients had a minimum of 4 years of follow-up (mean follow-up, 7.5 ± 2.6 years). All had reached the healed stage (Stage 4), and their mean age was 15.6 ± 2.8 years. The SDS outcome showed a significant positive correlation with the hypoperfusion % (p < 0.001). In the <50% hypoperfusion range, the SDS indicated no-to-low deformity, with narrow variability of outcome. However, the SDS became exponentially worse and had a wider variability of outcome at the ≥50% hypoperfusion range. Multivariable analyses revealed age at diagnosis, hypoperfusion %, and treatment method as significant prognostic factors for SDS (p = 0.007, <0.001, and 0.042, respectively). When treatment outcomes were stratified by age at diagnosis and hypoperfusion %, PFVO showed significantly better SDS outcome than nonoperative treatment in patients with an age at diagnosis of ≥8 years and low (<50%) and intermediate (50% to 80%) hypoperfusion ranges (p = 0.036 and 0.021, respectively).

Conclusions:

Our study found a significant relationship between femoral head hypoperfusion measured in early-stage Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease and femoral head deformity at intermediate-term follow-up. This study provides new insight into the relationship between early-stage femoral head hypoperfusion and deformity.

Level of Evidence:

Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Muscle Compensation Strategies to Maintain Glenohumeral Joint Stability in Rotator Cuff Tears
Authors: Hoshikawa Kyosuke , Dominguez Manuela , Lawrence Rebekah L. , Jacobs Philip M. , Yuri Takuma , Mura Nariyuki , Giambini Hugo
Published: October 2024

Background:

Superior translation of the humeral head is often identified in large and massive rotator cuff (RC) tears. However, the ability of the remaining RC muscles to compensate for the forces causing such superior translation in RC tears remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of compensatory forces exerted by the remaining RC muscles on humeral head translation using a progressive RC tear model.

Methods:

Eight fresh-frozen cadaveric shoulders (mean donor age, 57 years) were tested using a custom shoulder testing system. In addition to an intact RC model, 3 RC tear models were created: a supraspinatus tear (Tear I); combined supraspinatus and infraspinatus tears (Tear II); and combined tears of the supraspinatus, infraspinatus, and superior one-third of the subscapularis (Tear III). Compensatory conditions were simulated by increasing the loading of the remaining RC muscles in each RC tear model. Humeral head translation was measured at different abduction and neutral rotation angles in each condition with normal and high deltoid muscle loading.

Results:

Significant superior translation of the humeral head was observed in Tears II and III (but not Tear I), compared with the intact state, under high loading of the deltoid during abduction and during rotation. In Tear II, compensatory conditions involving increased loading of the teres minor and subscapularis muscles effectively reduced superior translation, so that no significant differences were observed compared with the intact state, even under high deltoid muscle loading. However, in Tear III, significant superior translation was still observed, regardless of the compensatory conditions.

Conclusions:

Compensation by the remaining RC muscles, particularly the teres minor and subscapularis, effectively reduced superior translation of the humeral head in the posterosuperior RC tear model, whereas this compensatory strategy was insufficient if tears also involved the superior one-third of the subscapularis.

Clinical Relevance:

Patients with posterosuperior RC tears may find conservative treatment focusing on strengthening the remaining RC muscles, especially the subscapularis and teres minor, to be beneficial. Conversely, patients with repairable massive RC tears also involving the subscapularis tendon may benefit from surgical interventions aimed at primarily repairing the subscapularis tendon to restore the transverse force couple. Massive tears deemed not to be repairable should be evaluated for arthroplasty or other procedures.
HUBUNGAN WORK CAPASITY DAN TASK DEMAND DENGAN KELUHAN MUSKUSKLETAL DISORDER PEKERJA PT.XYZ
Authors: Alfayad Afan , Dwiyanti Endang , Sari Jayanti Dian Eka
Published: October 2024

Perkembangan revolusi industri 4.0 meningkatkan akumulasi persebaran perusahaan di Indonesia mencapai 300.099 perusahaan. Perusahaan tersebut salah satunya adalah manufaktur yang menyerap 5.902.367 tenaga kerja pada tahun 2020. Penyerapan tenaga kerja yang besar mengharuskan perusahaan menyediakan lingkungan kerja aman guna mencegah kecelakaan dan penyakit akibat kerja. Berdasarkan observasi awal menunjukkan adanya kegiatan manual handling yang memengaruhi penyakit akibat kerja yaitu muskuloskletal disorder. Tujuan penelitin ini adalah menganalisis aspek keseimbangan ergonomi berupa work capacity dan task demand dengan keluhan MSDs pada pekerja Departemen MPC (Material Preparation Colouring) PT. XYZ Surabaya. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan observasi. Responden pada penelitian ini adalah 30 pekerja Departemen MPC PT. XYZ Surabaya. Variabel yang diteliti adalah keluhan MSDs, status gizi, kebiasaan olahraga, postur kerja, dan lama kerja. Analisis hubungan dilakukan secara deskriptif dengan menggunakan chi-square dan nilai koefisien kontigensi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mayoritas pekerja Departemen MPC PT. XYZ Surabaya sebesar 53,3% mengalami keluhan muskuloskletal disorder. Hal ini menunjukkan adanya hubungan kuat antara postur kerja dengan keluhan MSDs (c=0,654), adanya hubungan sedang antara lama kerja dengan keluhan MSDs (c=0,407), adanya hubungan sedang antara kebiasaan olahraga dengan keluhan MSDs (c=0,441), dan adanya hubungan sedang antara status gizi dengan keluhan MSDs (c=0,484). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, maka rekomendasi yang dapat diselenggarakan diantaranya penyediaan stasiun dan alat kerja berupa conveyor, melakukan re-desain stasiun kerja sesuai dengan rata-rata antropometri pekerja Departemen MPC PT. XYZ Surabaya, pengadaan senam atau olahraga, dan sosialisasi aktivitas manual handling, gerakan repetitif, serta posisi statis dalam bekerja.
Change Point: Machine Assisted Tubing Leak Detection for Electrical Submersible Pumps
Authors: Swarbrick Thomas , Williams Alexander
Published: October 2024

This paper describes a data-driven methodology to identify tubing leaks in oil production wells installed with electrical submersible pumps. Tubing leaks result in fluid recirculation within the well and lead to numerous operational problems. Whilst it is possible for a technician to manually review wells for tubing leaks, this task becomes unmanageable for hundreds of wells. The methodology and workflow presented overcomes this problem by automatically identifying tubing leaks using commonly metered real-time parameters along with daily well test data. Data was collected from several onshore ESP production wells with confirmed tubing leaks. After preprocessing and feature engineering, four machine learning models were built and evaluated using the F1-score metric, as the problem was formulated as a supervised classification problem. In addition, SHAP scores were used to further investigate how classifications were made from the best performing model and ensure conformance with the physical understanding of well performance during a tubing leak. All the machine learning models evaluated performed well, with the best model providing an F1-score of 94.9% on the test data set. SHAP scores confirmed correct relative feature importance which increased confidence in the selected model's predictive ability. This workflow has been made available within ChampionX's suite of digital surveillance and optimization products.
ESP Predictive Analytic Using a Single Application with Machine Learning and Fault Tree Models
Authors: Lasrado V. K
Published: October 2024

Electrical submersible pumps or ESPs are one of the most important types of artificial lift methods used globally – more than 30% of oil is produced using ESP wells. Considering the importance of ESPs in the industry and the significant savings to operational expenditure from improved performance monitoring and run life maximization there has always been interest in improving surveillance, condition monitoring and failure prediction. Due to the growing number of wells and business need for one production / well surveillance engineer to monitor performance of hundreds of wells, it is important to streamline the process and provide effective tools for efficient analysis.

Knowing well ahead of time when an asset is expected to fail leading to unplanned downtime and assets failing prematurely is extremely important and valuable. Some studies indicate that on average predictive maintenance increases productivity by 25%, reduces breakdowns by 70% and lowers maintenance costs by 25%. The study referenced in the whitepaper [1] provides a summary of condition-based maintenance and predictive maintenance. The goal of predictive maintenance is to run assets as long as possible without interruptions / unplanned downtime and maintain them before an unexpected failure occurs.

This paper uses a combination of analytical methods for ESP Surveillance, detect ESP fault conditions and ultimately improve ESP run life and reliability. The work done in this paper is categorized into Predictive Analytics using Machine Learning (ML) analytics and fault tree analysis techniques. The ML analytics workflow within the application is followed to load, process, and develop a training dataset for the in-built Machine Learning model. Once the trained model has been developed it is evaluated and tested before reviewing the results. The in-built Machine Learning model is called "Moving Mean Principal Component Analysis" and as indicated by the name is a variation of the well-known Principal Component Analysis (PCA) method that has been applied in previous work on ESP pumps and other industrial applications. The fault tree analysis technique applies rule-based logic for detecting ESP conditions e.g. Deadheading. The model processes real-time data and generates events / alerts based on the rule logic configured.
Advanced ESP Monitoring System for Performance and Production Optimization
Authors: Alkhawaher A. , Al Jishi H. , Al-Aseef S.
Published: October 2024

This paper outlines the design, development, and implementation of an upgraded Variable Speed Drive (VSD) system integrated with Artificial Intelligence (AI) for Electrical Submersible Pumps (ESP). The upgrade aims to enhance real-time monitoring of reservoir fluid properties, specifically Specific Gravity (SG), to optimize ESP performance and reduce operational costs. Importantly, this system is designed to ensure effective long-term well management, providing a sustainable solution for the industry. After evaluating various machine learning models, the integration of the Random Forest model into the VSD proved superior, signifying a significant shift away from traditional tools and leading to a demonstrated 10% increase in equipment lifespan, thus improving ESP operations and offering a sustainable future for the industry.
Investigation of Backpressure Wave Propagation Properties during Gas Kicks in Managed Pressure Drilling
Authors: Yuan Hongxing , Gao Yonghai , Yin Zhiming , Qi Yaqiang , Yu Xin , Wang Zhiyuan , Zhao Xinxin , Sun Baojiang
Published: October 2024

It is often essential to provide backpressure to the wellbore by changing the opening size of the choke valve when a gas kick is detected during managed pressure drilling (MPD), which maintains the pressure in the bottom of the hole. In this study, a mathematical model was developed to explain how backpressure waves spread and weaken in a wellbore during MPD when there is a gas-liquid two-phase flow. The model is founded on a two-phase flow model, which thoroughly accounts for the gravity, shear force, and interphase interactions between the gas and liquid phases. The small perturbation theory was used to compute the backpressure wave’s propagation speed and attenuation coefficient. The outcome showed satisfactory agreement with other scholars’ experimental results. The model was used to study the impacts of the following variables on the backpressure wave propagation properties: void fraction, temperature, pressure, interphase resistance, shear force, density, invading gas composition, displacement of the drilling fluid, rate of intrusion of gas, gas-liquid surface tension, and drilling fluid viscosity. By using an example well, the laws of pressure wave propagation speed, attenuation coefficient, and propagation time with well depth were analyzed. Through evaluative methods in the field of economic management, the principal control variables governing the propagation of backpressure waves were determined. The conclusion is that, in terms of operational feasibility, lower drilling fluid density and reduced drilling fluid displacement are advantageous for a faster propagation of backpressure waves to the bottom of the well.
Poroelastic Effects in Analysis of Pore Pressure and Strain Around a 3D Propagating Hydraulic Fracture
Authors: Gao Qian , Ghassemi Ahmad
Published: October 2024

Pore pressure and strain monitoring around a hydraulic fracture are used to monitor its size and propagation behavior, such as length and height growth, for assessing the hydraulic connectivity between injection and production wellbores in unconventional and geothermal reservoirs. Pore pressure monitoring and fiber-optic distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) usually have used an elastic fracture model without considering coupled poroelastic processes. In this study, a 3D hydromechanical model is developed to study poroelastic phenomena in relation to pore pressure and stress distribution caused by hydraulic fracturing. Fractures and the surrounding poroelastic rock are discretized explicitly, and nonlinear mechanical behaviors of hydraulic fractures are determined through a cohesive law. Fluid pressurization of a fracture reveals that the induced total stresses in the surrounding rock remain approximately constant; however, the induced pore pressure gradually increases due to fluid leakoff and the mean stress increase via the Skempton’s pore pressure coefficient. Strain analysis at locations close to the fracture propagation path demonstrates that the diffusion can lead to the generation of tensile strain, in contrast to an elastic model which predicts a compressive strain in the direction perpendicular to the fracture surface. Importantly, we show that at a monitoring point, the strain variation from tension to compression can also occur due to poroelastic coupling rather than the fracture arrival and departure. Tensile strain is distributed around the fracture edge and ahead of it, and in the close vicinity of the fracture surfaces. The pattern of tensile strain distribution is generally consistent with the pore pressure distribution. In addition, numerical results suggest hydraulic fractures tend to propagate toward regions with relatively lower pore pressure, promoting asymmetric growth, which can lead to the well-known fracture-driven interactions.
Comparative Analysis of Single and Multiagent Large Language Model Architectures for Domain-Specific Tasks in Well Construction
Authors: Sabbagh V. B. , Lima C. B. C. , Xexéo G.
Published: October 2024

This paper explores the application of large language models (LLMs) in the oil and gas (O&G) sector, specifically within well construction and maintenance tasks. The study evaluates the performances of a single agent and a multiagent LLM-based architecture in processing different tasks, offering a comparative perspective on their accuracy and the cost implications of their implementation. The results indicate that multiagent systems offer improved performance in question and answer (Q&A) tasks, with a truthfulness measure 28% higher than single-agent systems but at a higher financial cost. Specifically, the multiagent architecture incurs costs that are, on average, 3.7 times higher than those of the single-agent setup due to the increased number of tokens processed. Conversely, single-agent systems excel in Text-to-SQL (structured query language) tasks, particularly when using the Generative Pre-Trained Transformer 4 (GPT-4), achieving a 15% higher score compared to multiagent configurations, suggesting that simpler architectures can sometimes outpace complexity. The novelty of this work lies in its original examination of the specific challenges presented by the complex, technical, unstructured data inherent in well construction operations, contributing to strategic planning for adopting generative artificial intelligence (AI) (Gen-AI) applications and providing a basis for optimizing solutions against economic and technological parameters.
Impact of treatment discontinuation definitions on comparative retention studies: a simulation-based case study in spondyloarthritis
Authors: Polysopoulos Christos , Kissling Seraphina , Tamasi Balint , Ciurea Adrian , Rasmussen Simon Horskjær , Ørnbjerg Lykke Midtbøll , Østergaard Mikkel , Hetland Merete Lund , Georgiadis Stylianos , Heberg Jette , Codreanu Catalin , Castrejon Isabel , Bernardes Miguel , Ávila-Ribeiro Pedro , Möller Burkhard , Nissen Michael J. , Macfarlane Gary J. , Jones Gareth T. , Rotar Ziga , Pirkmajer Katja Perdan , Michelsen Brigitte , Bakland Gunnstein , Laas Karin , Vorobjov Sigrid , Gudbjornsson Bjorn , Glintborg Bente , Giuseppe Daniela Di , Riek Myriam
Published: October 2024

Background:
In comparative effectiveness research, treatment retention - i.e., the time from treatment start to treatment discontinuation - is an important indicator of treatment effectiveness for chronic illnesses. There is no agreement on the event that defines discontinuation. Commonly used are “last dose received”, “decision to discontinue”, or “first dose missed”, as well as mixtures of these in multi-source studies. For drugs administered less frequently than once daily as is the case for many disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) used for the treatment of spondyloarthritis, retention as determined by these events can vary considerably. Our goal was to quantify the impact of the different definitions of discontinuation on conclusions drawn from treatment comparisons and to recommend a standardised definition.
Methods:
We utilised model-based simulations and real-world data from spondyloarthritis patients treated with tumour necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors, DMARDs with a wide range of dosing intervals, in Europe. We compared the estimation of the hazard ratio of discontinuation between treatments with varying differences in dosing intervals for the different definitions of discontinuation. To accommodate interval-censored events we used linear transformation models.
Results:
The simulation revealed increasing differences in the estimated treatment hazard ratio based on time to “last dose received” or “first dose missed” compared to “decision to discontinue” with increasing differences in the dosing interval (up to 55 days). These differences were, however, small and further diminished with mixed events. No bias was observed when the time to “decision to discontinue” was analysed as interval-censored between the times to “last dose received” and “first dose missed” instead of as exactly observed. No clinically meaningful differences in estimated hazard ratios between TNF inhibitors with different dosing intervals (56 versus 7 days) were observed in the real-world data.
Conclusions:
The impact of the different treatment discontinuation definitions on comparative retention were found to be negligible. Nonetheless, we recommend to define retention as the time from treatment start to the decision to discontinue treatment. Is the timing of the decision unknown, retention can be analysed as interval-censored between the last dose received and the first dose missed using transformation models.
Trial registration:
Not applicable.