bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigation of the relationship between wear resistance in dry friction and mechanical properties of sintered composites of the Al-Sn system
Authors:   Institute of strength physics and materials science of Siberian branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Rusin N.M. , Skorentsev A.L. ,   Institute of strength physics and materials science of Siberian branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Krinitsyn M.G. ,   Institute of strength physics and materials science of Siberian branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: February 2021

Effect of tin-insoluble alloying elements (Zn, Si) on the mechanical and tribological properties of the Al-40Sn sintered composite has been studied. Powder mixtures with alloying additions were sintered at a temperature above the melting point of tin (232°C). Sintered specimens had residual porosity, which negatively affected the strength, ductility, and wear resistance of the composite under dry friction. Compression in a closed die and equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) at a temperature of 250°C reduced the porosity of the material and significantly increased its strength and ductility. Regardless of the pressure treatment method, the compacted specimens showed good wear resistance. The main mechanism of composite wear is the exfoliation of matrix grains in the surface layer due to their shift along the tin interlayers in the direction of friction. The shear and peeling of grains were preceded by a strong deformation of the surface layer, in which the grain boundaries with tin interlayers were stretched in the direction of friction, that is, a layered structure was formed. Composites in which most of the grain boundaries of the aluminum matrix are oriented perpendicular to the sliding direction have the maximum wear resistance. A similar structure is formed in the plane of the material flow during ECAP processing. It was found that the wear resistance of a composite with a zinc-doped matrix is higher than with a silicon-doped matrix.
Investigation of the interphase interaction at the interface in the Ti-C system with domestic titanium alloys of the a + β and pseudo a classes
Authors:   All-Russian scientific research institute of aviation materials (VIAM), Sidorov D.V. , Serpova V.M. ,   All-Russian scientific research institute of aviation materials (VIAM), Zavodov A.V. ,   All-Russian scientific research institute of aviation materials (VIAM), Shavnev A.A. ,   All-Russian scientific research institute of aviation materials (VIAM)
Published: February 2021

Interaction of the Ti-C with titanium alloys of a + β and pseudo a classes and formation of the reaction layer at the interface have been investigated. We used titanium a + b alloys VT6 (Ti-Al-V) and VT8 (Ti-Al-Mo-Si) as well as pseudo a alloy VT20 (Ti-Al-Zr-Mo-V). The structure and composition of the interfaces were investigated by means of TEM in the scanning beam mode and energy dispersive spectroscopy. It is ascertained that already at the stage of production of the samples by thermal diffusion joining, interphase chemical interaction and formation of the reaction layers occurred. The reaction layer consists of distinct regions of small crystals (nanocrystals TiC of 10-50 nm in size) and large grains of Ti8C5 of 100-500 nm in size. Most of the reaction layer consists of large grains ofTi8C5. It was found that the average thickness of the reaction layer varies depending on the Ti alloy type and is ~0.89 μm (VT6 alloy), ~0.97 μm (VT8 alloy), and ~0.51 μm (VT20 alloy). Additional heat treatment of the samples leads to increasing the thickness of the reaction layer in all Ti-C/Ti alloy systems due to the growth of large grains of titanium carbide.
Gamma-activation analysis of selenium at the electron accelerator “Mikrotron-ST”
Authors:   aikov Institute of metallurgy and materials science of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tovtin V.I. , Kolokoltsev V.N. ,   aikov Institute of metallurgy and materials science of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Dogadkin N.N. ,   V.I. Vernadsky Institute of geochemistry and analytical chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Starostin E.E. ,   aikov Institute of metallurgy and materials science of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: February 2021

In this work, an activation analysis of selenium under its irradiation with bremsstrahlung gamma radiation on a cyclic electron accelerator “Microtron-sT” with an energy of 21 MeV is carried out irradiation was performed at room temperature for 1 h, the gamma-ray intensity was ~ 5·1013 γ/s. Irradiation was carried out on two types of state of the samples (Se) in the form of granules of the (osch), weight 5-10 mg, and microparticles (powder) obtained by mechanical dispersion. Samples in the state of microparticles were suspended in distilled water, in separate polyethylene capsule. On each sample, after irradiation with bremsstrahlung gamma radiation, the spectra of quantum radiation of radionuclides were measured. The measurements were carried out repeatedly in order to observe a decrease in the activity of the samples and their energy gamma spectrum. From the results obtained, it can be seen that all radionuclides are formed on selenium nuclei with different mass numbers by reactions: (γ, n), (γ, p), (γ, 2n), (γ, p + n). The half-life of (T1/2) in identified radionuclides is within 3.9 minutes — 119.8 days. The energy of emitted quanta by radionuclides is equal to from 121.1 to 657 keV. The radiation intensity of radionuclide gamma rays is in the range: 0.25-99.0%.
Оценка адаптивности исходного материала озимой пшеницы на фонах искусственно создаваемых абиотических стрессов на ранних этапах онтогенеза
Authors: Марченкова Людмила Александровна , Лапочкина Инна Федоровна , Павлова Ольга Викторовна , Гайнуллин Наиль Рифкатович , Чавдарь Раиса Федоровна , Орлова Татьяна Григорьевна
Published: February 2021

Оценены адаптивные свойства новых селекционных линий озимой мягкой пшеницы, созданных в ФИЦ «Немчиновка» (Московская область) с использованием донорских линий и сортообразцов, устойчивых к стеблевой ржавчине и имеющих в родословной генетический материал видов Aegilops speltoides, Ae. triuncialis, Triticum kiharae, Secale cereale и T. migushovae. Протестировано 14 линий с комплексом хозяйственно полезных признаков: урожайностью на уровне стандартного сорта Московская 39, ранним выколашиванием, коротким стеблем, крупным зерном и массой зерна с колоса. Работа проведена в лабораторных условиях в фазе проростков на фонах искусственно моделируемых абиотических стрессов — затопления семян, засоления хлоридом натрия, закисления сульфатом алюминия с целью отбора форм с высокой защитно-приспособительной реакцией на действие токсичности. В качестве диагностического признака применяли интенсивность ростовых процессов проростков и зародышевых корней. Определяли адаптивность по индексу устойчивости, который дает комплексную оценку общей устойчивости к стрессам. Установлено, что самое вредоносное воздействие на линии мягкой пшеницы оказывает анаэробный стресс, а наименьшее — кислотный. Выделены линии с наиболее высоким уровнем устойчивости: к хлориду натрия — 9-19w, 20-19w, 37-19w, к сульфату алюминия — 36-19w, 35-19w, 2-19w, к затоплению — 37-19w, 32-19w и 16-19w. Отобраны 3 генотипа с высокой комплексной адаптивностью ко всем стресс-факторам — 9-19w, 37-19w и 32-19w.
Значимость проведения агрохимического обследования земель сельскохозяйственного назначения в Краснодарском крае
Authors: Науменко Надежда Олеговна , Пощенко Дмитрий Андреевич , Перов Александр Юрьевич
Published: February 2021

Краснодарский край является лидером среди субъектов страны по использованию земель сельскохозяйственного назначения, поэтому для региона вопрос сохранения плодородия земель имеет особое значение. Оптимальным решением этого вопроса является периодически повторяемое комплексное почвенно-агрохимическое обследование на всей площади сельскохозяйственных земель. Проанализирована количественная динамика площади сельскохозяйственных земель Краснодарского края за период с 2015 по 2020 г. Рассмотрены цели и задачи мониторинга плодородия почв, описаны основные элементы питания в почве и представлен образец агрохимической картограммы.
SOME PHONETIC AND MORPHOLOGICAL PECULIARITIES OF THE DIALECTS OF THE AVAR LANGUAGE
Authors: Ataev Boris Makhachevich
Published: February 2021

The article deals with the main phonetic and morphological features of the Avar dialects. An attempt is made to identify some material generalities and innovative processes that took place in dialects. There are indicated general trends in changing their phonetic and morphological structure. In some cases, the innovative nature of affixes is noted.
KNOWLEDGE OF THE WORLD AND HIMSELF: THE CREATIVITY OF EMIR-MAKHDY (EMIR MEKHTIEV)
Authors: Magomedova Zuleikhat Kadievna
Published: February 2021

The article examines the creativity of the modern Russian-speaking Dagestan poet Emir-Makhdy, identifies the main features of his poetics, which are characterized by a high degree of associativity, the use of mythopoetic codes of various cultures. Allusions and reminiscences from the poetry of classics, enriching the system of his poetic images, are revealed.
Prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in postmenopausal woman: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Xiao Xiong , Liu Yang , Wei Yan , He Li
Published: February 2021

Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has long been considered to be most prevalent chronic hepatic disease. However, the overall prevalence of NAFLD in postmenopausal women was largely unknown. Objectives: In the current study, we aimed to investigate the overall prevalence of NAFLD in postmenopausal women in order to provide more information for clinical work. Methods: A systematic search was conducted in Medline, Embase, web of science and Cochrane for articles in the English language from inception until May 2020. Wilson score method was used to calculate the 95% confidence interval (95% CI) and DerSimonian-Laird random-effects model with Freeman-Tukey double arcsine transformation was used for estimating pooled overall prevalence. Results: Our search returned 4465 records. After removed duplicates and screened titles, abstract and full content of articles, 25 studies were retrieved. Overall, the NAFLD prevalence was 30.81% (95% CI 24.75-37.22). The prevalence of NAFLD in postmenopausal women was 31.64% (95% CI 25.82-37.77) in Asia countries compared to 27.99% (95% CI 11.21-48.72) in Non-Asia countries. Ultrasound was the most commonly used diagnostic technique in diagnosing NAFLD in postmenopausal women, lead a higher prevalence of NAFLD (32.77%, 95% CI 27.43-38.35) than computed tomography (CT, 5.64%, 95% CI 4.82-6.52) or fatty live index (FLI, 17.33%, 95% CI 11.72-23.78, P < 0.01). Conclusion: Approximately one third of postmenopausal women presented with NAFLD indicated a rather high prevalence which call for the attention of primary care physicians, specialists, and health policy makers.
To operate or to wait? Doppler indices as predictors for medical termination for first trimester missed abortion
Authors: Nori Wassan , Abdulghani Muna , Roomi Ali B , Akram Wisam
Published: February 2021

Purpose: Missed abortion is a common obstetrical problem with a high incidence. Evidence supports a change in approach from the traditional dilatation and curettage to medical; however, few studies have investigated the prediction success of the medical approach. This study investigates whether first trimester missed abortion can be successfully terminated using Doppler indices, such as resistance index (RI) and pulsatility index (PI), as predictors. Material and Method: In this prospective study, the sample is made up of 78 patients, with a first trimester missed abortion range of 6-13 weeks of pregnancy who meets the maternal parameters as well as transvaginal Doppler indices, RI and PI. The participants were subdivided into 3 groups based on their response to sublingual misoprostol and weeks needed to terminate as Groups I (43/78), II (26/78), and III (9/78) aborted in the first, second, and third weeks, respectively. Results: Age, BMI, and gestational age of dead fetus were not significant for Groups I, II, and III with P = 0.13, P = 0.13, and P = 0.35, respectively. Parity and delivery mode showed significant differences (P < 0.0001) between group means of PI and RI. PI for Group I plus II and Group III are 1.53 (0.75-2.70) and 1.58 (1.10-2.10), respectively. RI for Group I plus II and Group III are 0.71 (0.50-1.00) and 0.80 (0.69-0.92), respectively. The coefficient of correlation proves that RI is the primary predictor of successful termination of a first trimester missed abortion with a cut-off value of 0.74 with associated sensitivity and specificity of 68.7% and 56.7%, respectively. Conclusions: Increased parity and a history of vaginal delivery, in addition to measured RI, were predictors of successful termination of a first trimester missed abortion. These results may be used in counseling patients to decide safest and most suitable option to terminate a first trimester missed abortion, depending on their demographic criteria and ultrasound scores.
Choice and Social Stability: The Morphogenesis of a Sociodynamic Constant
Authors: Graham Andrew
Published: February 2021

This essay uses an example of Margaret Archer’s
morphogenetic approach to sociodynamics to explore the explanatory gap
indicated in the following propositions:

1. Individuals
act and interact in variable ways from constantly shifting states-of-affairs in
pursuit of variable and inconsistent interests;

2. Groups
are made-up of individuals and their actions/interactions;

3. The vast
majority of groups, current and historic, are stable.

It contends that individuals’ choices resolve the problem:
the analytical centrality of (neo-Bayesian) predictability to every choice no
matter the context bridges the explanatory gap between individual actions and
the large-scale sociological phenomena of social stability; in the same way,
the analytical centrality of stability to groups and group structures allows us
to identify the predictable paths of agency. This analytical dualism is used to
identify the mutual morphogenesis of both sociodynamic ‘poles’ in the
example...individual and collective, ‘micro’ and ‘macro’, agent and
structure-culture, in a way applicable to a wide range of rigorous sociological
inquiry.
Numerical simulation and experimental investigation: Metal spinning process of stepped thin-walled cylindrical workpiece
Authors: SEYEDZAVVAR Mirsadegh , SEYEDZAVVAR Mirali , OLIAEI Samad Nadimi Bavil , ABBASİ Hossein
Published: February 2021

Many equipment and devices utilized in the aerospace industry are formed as symmetric parts through high plastic deformation of high strength sheet metal alloys with low thickness. Considering the inherent advantages of the spinning process of simple tooling and concentrated deformation loading, this process can be considered as one of the main options in producing these thin-sectioned lightweight parts. In this study, a Finite Element (FE) model has been developed to simulate the formation of a stepped thin-walled cylindrical workpiece of AISI 316 stainless steel alloy by spinning process. The FE simulation results were employed to investigate the effects of process parameters, including feed rate of the roller and rotational velocity of the mandrel on the distribution of stress and strain in the sheet metal, wrinkling failure, and thinning of the sheet metal during deformation. Experiments were carried out using selective input parameters based on the results of FE simulations. The comparison between FE simulations and experiments revealed that the developed model could predict the thinning of the sheet metals with over 93 % accuracy. Additionally, a good agreement between the experimentally deformed sheet configurations with those resulting from finite element simulations has been observed.
NEGARA HUKUM INDONESIA
Authors: ramadhan wira
Published: February 2021

NEGARA HUKUM INDOENSIA
Renungan Harian
Authors: Pasaribu Ferdinan
Published: February 2021

Salah satu topik perdebatan seputar doktrin keselamatan (soteriologi) adalah partisipasi manusia dalam keselamatan. Teologi Reformed mengajarkan bahwa keselamatan adalah murni anugerah Allah (Ef 2:8-9). Tidak ada andil manusia sama sekali. Jika demikian, bagaimana kita menafsirkan nasihat Paulus kepada jemaat Filipi agar mereka “mengerjakan keselamatan” (2:12)? Apakah kita boleh hidup sembarangan sesudah diselamatkan? One of the news topics surrounding the news of salvation (soteriology) is Human participation in salvation. Reformed theology teaches that salvation is a pure gift of God (Eph. 2: 8-9). There is no human contribution at all. If so, how do we interpret Paul's admonition to the Philippians for them to “do salvation” (2:12)? Can we live carelessly after being saved?
Mục lục Tạp chí Cộng sản số 795 (1-2009)
Authors: Pape Helpe
Published: February 2021

Xã luận - Năm thứ tư thực hiện Nghị quyết Đại hội XNăm 2009 đã đến. Đây là năm thứ tư thực hiện Nghị quyết Đại hội X của Đảng, cũng là năm thứ tư của kế hoạch 5 năm 2006 - 2010. Đây còn là năm thứ chín thực hiện Chiến lược phát triển kinh tế - xã hội mười năm đầu thế kỷ mới, 2001 - 2010. Các Nghị quyết, Chiến lược và Kế hoạch ấy của Đảng đều nhằm vào một mục tiêu nhất quán là phấn đấu đến năm 2010 đưa nước ta ra khỏi tình trạng kém phát triển và đến năm 2020, cơ bản trở thành một nước công nghiệp theo hướng hiện đại.
The Impact of COVID-19 on the Mental Health of Autistic Adults in the UK: A Mixed-Methods Study
Authors: Bundy Rebecca , Mandy William , Crane Laura , Belcher Hannah , Bourne Laura , Brede Janina , Hull Laura , cook Julia
Published: February 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has been associated with mental health declines in the general population. Those with pre-existing vulnerabilities are known to be at particular risk. This may include autistic people, who have high levels of mental and physical health problems. Yet little is currently known about the impact of the pandemic on autistic people. Using an online survey, this mixed-methods study gathered data from 133 autistic adults in the United Kingdom (UK), about their experiences of the pandemic in relation to their mental health. Results indicated that the mental health impact of the pandemic on autistic adults was variable. A sizeable minority reported improvements in their mental health associated with COVID-19 restrictions. By contrast, most participants described an overall negative impact their levels of depression, anxiety and stress. Analysis of qualitative data using thematic analysis highlighted four themes that contributed to mental health changes in autistic adults: (i) adjusting to changes to the social world, (ii) living with uncertainty, (iii) disruptions to self-regulation, and (iv) barriers to fulfilling basic needs. Based on these findings, we discuss recommendations about how to support autistic people; both as the pandemic persists and once normality ensues.
SISTEM PEMILIHAN UMUM DI INDONESIA
Authors: Rianda Gova Gusva
Published: February 2021

Pemilihan umum telah di anggap menjadi ukuran demokrasi karena rakyat dapat berpartisipasi dalam pemilihan umum di indonesia.
POT1 is a differentially expressed gene in brain metastatic human breast cancer.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: February 2021

Metastasis to the brain is a clinical problem in patients with breast cancer (1-3). We mined published microarray data (4, 5) to compare primary and metastatic tumor transcriptomes for the discovery of genes associated with brain metastasis in humans with metastatic breast cancer. We found that protection of telomeres 1, encoded by POT1, was among the genes whose expression was most quantitatively different in the brain metastases of patients with metastatic breast cancer. An antisense non-coding RNA transcribed at the POT1 locus was also found to be differentially expressed in brain metastatic tissues of patients with metastatic breast cancer. POT1 mRNA was present at decreased quantities in brain metastatic tissues as compared to primary tumors of the breast. Importantly, expression of POT1 in primary tumors was significantly correlated with patient overall survival in patients with breast cancer. Modulation of POT1 expression may be relevant to the biology by which tumor cells metastasize from the breast to the brain.
MAKALAH UJIAN MAHASISWA,FUNGSI NEGARA
Authors: Rigoasmarputra
Published: February 2021

Pengkajian tentang hakikat dan fungsi Negara sangatlah menarik untuk diuraikan dalam berbagai dimensi sudut pandang.Negara sebagai organisasi sosial yang tertinggi dalam sebuah komunitas manusia, maka persolan-persolan kebangsaan pun datang silih berganti.Sehingga Negara pun mau tidakmau, suka atau tidak suka harus segera memberikan fungsinya untuk senantisa bisa meredam gejolak-gejolak persoalan yang timbul dalam tatanan masyarakat.Negara dalam konteks ini adalah pemerintah, atau pemangku wewenang yang diamanatkan oleh rakayat untukmengurusi komplesitas segala dimensi persoalan yang ada dalam tatanan keberlangsungan hidup masyarakat.
Distorsi Keberagamaan Masyarakat 2016
Authors: Ulum Raudatul
Published: February 2021

merupakan sekumpulan artikel hasil fact finding terhadap berbagai kasus keberagamaan di Indonesia tahun 2016 yang sempat dilakukan oleh Puslitbang Bimas Agama dan Layanan Keagamaan, Badan Litbang dan Diklat Kementerian Agama, baik yang berkaitan dengan konflik dan kerukunan, polemik aliran dan faham keagamaan, ataupun kasus aktual keberagamaan lainnya.
Dinamika Syiah di Indonesia
Authors: Ulum Raudatul
Published: February 2021

bunga rampai dari tulisan hasil penelitian keberadaan dan kehidupan pemeluk mazhab Syiah di beberapa kota dan kabupaten di Indonesia, mulai dari Medan sampai dengan di Kota Palu. umumnya pemeluk Syiah yang berkembang di Indonesia adalah itsna asyariyah, meskipun kelompok Ismailiyah juga hidup berkembang di beberapa kota, sebagian besar menjadi pedagang. dinamika dalam kehidupan keagamaan mereka cukup unik, ada yang mengalami ketegangan ada juga yang mampu berintegrasi dalam kehidupan sosial, bahkan dalam ikatan perkawinan.
Pilot survey
Authors: Khuc Quy Van , Tran Phuong-Mai , Nguyen Thuy , Tran Duc-Trung
Published: February 2021

The questionnaire, focus group, validity, reliability
Rapat Permusyawaratan, Pemeriksaan Persiapan Di Pengadilan Tata Usaha Negara
Authors: Jefri
Published: February 2021

Rapat Permusyawaratan merupakan prosedur pendahuluan dalam Peradilan Tata Usaha Negara yang memberikan kewenangan kepada Ketua Pengadilan untuk menyatakan gugatan ditolak atau tidak berdasar dengan suatu penetapan yang ketentuannya dapat dilihat dalam pasal 56 Undang-undang Nomor 5 Tahun 1986. Penetapan Rapat Permusyawaratan dikeluarkan oleh Ketua Pengadilan Tata Usaha Negara. Penetapan tersebut dapat dilakukan perlawanan dalam tenggang waktu 14 hari sejak penetapan tersebut diucapkan , yang kemudian akan diperiksa dengan acara cepat.Pemeriksaan Persiapan merupakan prosedur pendahuluan dalam Peradilan Tata Usaha Negara yang memberikan kewenangan kepada Majelis Hakim yang telah ditetapkan oleh Ketua Pengadilan, agar wajib mengadakan pemeriksaan persiapan untuk melengkapi gugatan yang kurang jelas atau untuk mematangkan perkara sebelum pemeriksaan pokok sengketa di muka umum dimulai.Pemeriksaan Persiapan ini dapat pula dilakukan oleh Hakim Anggota yang ditunjuk oleh Ketua Majelis sesuai dengan kebijaksanaan yang ditetapkan oleh Ketua Majelis. Dalam melakukan pemeriksaan setempat tidak perlu dilaksanakan oleh Majelis Hakim yang lengkap, cukup oleh seorang Hakim Anggota yang khusus ditugaskan untuk melakukan pemeriksaan setempat yang dituangkan dalam bentuk penetapan.
Locked In - Locked Out: Inflexibility in UK Training
Authors: Roche Christopher David
Published: February 2021

Trainee doctors and surgeons involved in UK trauma teams work within inflexible training systems. Examples include prohibitively strict regional transfer rules which lock trainees in and rigid recruitment pathways by a National Selection process which can lock them out of training. The 2020 coronavirus pandemic required systems to adapt, exposing inflexibilities in training frameworks. Training inflexibility is identified as a major but addressable problem – the pressing question is which actions to take to give trainees the autonomy to excel.
Faktor Risiko Hipertensi Di kalangan Mahasiswa Diera Pandemi
Authors: PAMUJI LULUS IN
Published: February 2021

Hipertensi atau tekanan darah tinggi adalah kondisi ketika tekanan darah di 130/80 mmHg atau lebih. Jika tidak segera ditangani, hipertensi bisa menyebabkan munculnya penyakit-penyakit serius yang mengancam nyawa, seperti gagal jantung, penyakit ginjal, dan stroke. faktor risiko ketiga terbesar yang menyebabkan kematian dini, terjadinya gagal jantung serta penyakit gangguan otak. Hipertensi dikenal sebagai the killer disease dan the heteregeneous group of disease. Penyakit ini telah menjadi masalah utama dalam kesehatan masyarakat di Indonesia dan beberapa negara di dunia. Diperkirakan ± 80% kenaikan kasus hipertensi dari 639 juta pada tahun 2000 akan terjadi di negara berkembang pada tahun 2025.Hipertensi dapat menyerang siapa saja dari berbagai kelompok umur,sosial dan ekonomi. Dengan bertambahnya umur, risiko terkena hipertensi menjadi lebih besar, hal tersebut disebabkan oleh perubahan struktur pada pembuluh darah besar, sehingga lumen menjadi lebih sempit dan dinding pembuluh darah menjadi lebih kaku, sebagai akibatnya tekanan darah sistolik meningkat. Beberapa anjuran dalam upaya penurunan tekanan darah melalui modifikasi gaya hidup yaitu dengan penurunan berat badan,penerapan perencanaan makan dengan dietaryapproaches to stop hypertension (DASH), pembatasan asupan garam NaCl, membatasi asupan alcohol dan olah raga teratur mencakup berjalan, jogging, bersepeda, dan berenang setidaknya 30 menit per hari. Tidak hanya itu, upaya pencegahan hipertensi dapat dilakukan dengan pemberian ASI oleh ibu kepada anaknya, pemberian antihipertensi untuk mencegah prehipertensi menjadi hipertensi, dan pemberian imunosupresif kepada para penderita autoimunitas.Bentuk-bentuk pencegahan tersebut masih ada yang pro dan kontra sehingga diperlukan penelitian lebih lanjut mengenai pencegahannya. Faktor risiko paling dominan adalahriwayat keturunan, obesitas dan aktivitas fisik. Kesimpulandari hasil penelitian adalah riwayatketurunan, obesitas dan aktivitas fisik menunjukkan adanya hubungan yang bermakna.Disarankan kepada petugas puskesmas agar dapat meningkatkan penyuluhan kepada masyarakatkhususnya pada remaja tentang risiko hipertensi, terutama risiko riwayat keturunan, perilakumerokok, obesitas, aktivitas fisik dan asupan natrium sebagai penyebab hipertensi sertamelakukan pencegahan penyakit hipertensi sedini mungkinbagi remaja.Kesimpulan dari hasilpenelitian adalah riwayat keturunan,obesitas dan aktivitas fisik menunjukan adanya hubunganyang bermakna,sebagai penyebab hipertensi serta melakukan pencegahan penyakit hipertensisedini mungkin bagi mahasiswa
Bahaya dan Dampak Merokok Bagi Remaja
Authors: Winelis Galuh Ajeng
Published: February 2021

Merokok merupakan sebuah aktivitas yang kini banyak di gandrungi oleh para remaja kita. Dahulu kala merokok hanyalah menjadi bagian dari kehidupan orang -orang tua. Tapi kini merokok sudah merambah ke dalam kehidupan anak-anak sekolah mulai dari SMA-SMP dan yang paling parahnya lagi sudah ada sebagian anak SD yang sudah pandai Merokok. Orang-orang yang menjadi perokok aktif mengatakan bahwa merokok itu mengasyikkan dan menyenangkan karena dapat menghilangkan stress. Tetapi dibalik kenikmatan yang dirasakan oleh para perokok tersebut terdapat bahaya yang sangat mematikan bagi dirinya dan kehidupan masa depannya. Apabila Merokok telah menjadi sebuah kebiasaan yang dilakukan oleh masyarakat pada umumnya, maka bahaya merokok juga akan mengintai masa depannya. Masa depan perokok akan menjadi suram, lihatlah ketika mereka ketagihan untuk mengkonsumsi sebatang rokok, Jika sudah fatal, maka mereka akan melakukan segala cara untuk dapat menikmati sebatang rokok. Penyakit yang timbul akan tergantung dari kadar zat berbahaya yang terkandung, kurun waktu kebiasaan merokok, dan cara menghisap rokok. Semakin muda seseorang mulai merokok, makin besar risiko orang tersebut mendapat penyakit  saat tua.
Uniformly distributed random numbers with a sample size 278
Authors: YANG Zheng-Ling
Published: February 2021

我们用数字计算机程序生成了278个均分布的伪随机数。请用各种方法检验它们对真随机数的差别。We generated uniformly distributed PSEUDO-random numbers with a sample size 278 by a digital computer program. Please use various methods to test the differences between them and true random numbers.
Arniati Mori Uma.2021B0002
Authors: Uma Arniati Mori
Published: February 2021

Pengetahuan tentang kesehatan sangat penting dalam kehidupan masyarakat. Terutamanya adalah tentang aktivitas merokok yang sudah sangat dikenal mulai dari kalangan bawah sampai dengan kalangan atas. Ada dua kategori dalam merokok; perokok pasif dan perokok aktif. Masyarakat, terutama kaum laki-laki di Indonesia, sebagian besar adalah perokok aktif. Mereka tidak menghiraukan bahaya dari merokok yang akan berdampak pada kesehatan tubuh mereka mulai jangka pendek maupun jangka panjang. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Metode Studi Pustaka. Dengan mengumpulkan contoh masalah, penulis menggunakan Adobe flash CS3 untuk mengaplikasikannya yang erat dengan kaitannya objek permasalahan. Hasil dari penelitan ini adalah penulis Pembelajaran Bahaya Merokok Berbasis Multimedia. Pembelajaran animasi yang akan dibuat oleh penulis adalah gambaran tentang bahaya dan dampak dari rokok yang masuk ke dalam tubuh manusia, dengan menggunakan tokoh seorang anak yang masih bersekolah.
Makalah Ujian Mahasiswa ,Fungsi Negara
Authors: Rigoasmarputra
Published: February 2021

Pengkajian tentang hakikat dan fungsi Negara sangatlah menarik untuk diuraikan dalam berbagai dimensi sudut pandang.Negara sebagai organisasi sosial yang tertinggi dalam sebuah komunitas manusia, maka persolan-persolan kebangsaan pun datang silih berganti.Sehingga Negara pun mau tidakmau, suka atau tidak suka harus segera memberikan fungsinya untuk senantisa bisa meredam gejolak-gejolak persoalan yang timbul dalam tatanan masyarakat.Negara dalam konteks ini adalah pemerintah, atau pemangku wewenang yang diamanatkan oleh rakayat untukmengurusi komplesitas segala dimensi persoalan yang ada dalam tatanan keberlangsungan hidup masyarakat.
Pencegahan Aborsi dan Resiko Bahaya Kesehatan di Kalangan Remaja
Authors: pajailug Elvis Umbu Leap
Published: February 2021

Aborsi sesuatu yang dianggap sebagai sebuah tindakan kriminal dimana terjadinya pembunuhan,tetapi walaupun demikian pada perkembangannya dari waktu ke waktu aktifitas aborsi semakinmengalami peningkatan yang sangat tinggi khususnya dikalangan para remaja. Bagi pararemaja yang terdapat di kota-kota besar, aborsi merupakan sesuatu hal yang dianggap biasakarena hampir setiap harinya berita tentang aborsi muncul di media elektronik maupun di mediacetak. Sedangkan para remaja yang berada di desa atau yang tinggal di desa maupun juga dikota-kota kecil belum tentu tidak melakukan aborsi walaupun persentasenya sedikit. Saat iniaborsi tidak aman (unsafe abortion) akibat kehamilan yang tidak diinginkan masih merupakan salahsatu penyebab tingginya Angka Kematian Ibu (AKI). aborsi hanya dapat dilakukan dalamkondisi tertentu, yaitu berdasarkan indikasi kedaruratan medis atau kehamilan akibat pemerkosaan.Mengingat tindakan aborsi di Indonesia dilarang, kecuali dalam kondisi tertentu, maka upaya yangdapat dilakukan adalah yang bersifat preventif.
Dynamical Modularity of the Genotype-Phenotype Map
Authors: Jaeger Johannes , Monk Nick
Published: February 2021

An organism’s phenotype can be thought of as consisting of a set of discrete traits, able to evolve relatively independently of each other. This implies that the developmental processes generating these traits—the underlying genotype-phenotype map—must also be functionally organised in a modular manner. The genotype-phenotype map lies at the heart of evolutionary systems biology. Recently, it has become popular to define developmental modules in terms of the structure of gene regulatory networks. This approach is inherently limited: gene networks often do not have structural modularity. More generally, the connection between structure and function is quite loose. In this chapter, we discuss an alternative approach based on the concept of dynamical modularity, which overcomes many of the limitations of structural modules. A dynamical module consists of the activities of a set of genes and their interactions that generate a specific dynamic behaviour. These modules can be identified and characterised by phase-space analysis of data-driven models. We showcase the power and the promise of this new approach using several case studies. Dynamical modularity forms an important component of a general theory of the evolution of regulatory systems and the genotype-phenotype map they define.
Renungan Dalam Ulangan 18
Authors: Pasaribu Ferdinan
Published: February 2021

Tema kita pada minggu ini ialah “Saksi Itu Mempertaruhkan Hidup”. Sehingga jika berangkat dalam logika tema ini, kemungkinan besar bahwa ada seorang jemaat Kristus pada akhir-akhir ini yang tidak lagi setia menjadi seorang saksi Kristus. Mungkin saja oleh karena beratnya tekanan hidup, mengalami banyak tantangan atau lebih tertarik pada perkara dunia. Seperti halnya dalam cerita (2 Timotius. 4: 10) mengisahkan seorang pelayan Kristus yang meninggalkan pelayanannya oleh karena ia (Demas) lebih mencintai dunia dibanding Kristus. Secara sederhana “Seorang Saksi Kristus” haruslah (Mengikuti jejak-Nya) setiap waktu dan sampai selamanya. Setiap orang yang telah ditebuh oleh Kristus secara langsung telah terlibat dalam Panggilan Gereja yaitu menjadi saksi (1 Pet. 2: 9). Kehadiran saksi-saksi Kristus ditengah dunia akan menjadi terang. Terang yang mengubah setiap manusia.Salah satu “Panggilan Gereja” ialah menjadi SAKSI dan BERSINAR bagi dunia. Dan hal itu haruslah dimulai dari keluarga kita. GEREJA yang kuat dan dewasa adanya kehidupan jemaat yang (1) Hanya suka memberi (2) Rajin pelayanan (3) Rajin ibadah, Dll. Tapi GEREJA yang kuat dan dewasa juga haruslah RAJIN BERSAKSI. Karena Fondasi gereja yang kuat terletak pada (Iman, Persekutuan, Pelayanan, Kesaksian Hidup).Our theme for this week is "Witnesses Risking Life". So if we go into the logic of this theme, it is very likely that there is a church of Christ recently who is no longer a faithful witness of Christ. Maybe because of the heavy pressure of life, experiencing many challenges or being more interested in world affairs. As in the story (2 Timothy 4:10) tells of a servant of Christ who leaves his ministry because he (Demas) loves the world more than Christ.In simple terms "A Witness of Christ" must (Follow in His footsteps) every time and forever. Everyone who has been formed by Christ is directly involved in the Call of the Church who is a witness (1 Pet. 2: 9). The presence of Christ's witnesses in the middle of the world will be a light. The light that changes every human being.One of the “Church Vocations” is to be WITNESSES and SHINE to the world. And it must start with our families. A strong and mature church has a church life that (1) only gives (2) is diligent in serving (3) diligent in worship, etc. But a strong and mature CHURCH must also TESTION. Because the foundation of a strong church lies in (Faith, Fellowship, Service, Life Testimony)
EMIT Parchment Paper
Authors: Yourdon Edward
Published: February 2021

A t the beginning of this paper, the decentralized world (DW) and decentralized world economy (DeWe) were defined. And the blockchain industry was pointed out to be at the initial stage of the decentralized world parallel to the real world. Then a set of systematicsolutions, named Electronical Material Information Technology (EMIT), was proposed, after which the development direction and path of the decentralized world economy was put forward, from its limitations, by arguing how to provide sufficient and necessary basic conditions for the decentralized world development. In the end, the EMIT was proved to be an effective reference for building the decentralized world from the basic level to the application level and enabling its sustainable development.
The myth of visual “depth cues” II. “Occlusion”
Authors: Maniatis Lydia
Published: February 2021

It is standard textbook practice to refer to “occlusion” as one of the so-called a depth-cues. However, perceived occluding relationships are a consequence of the perceptual organization of the retinal point stimulation – which contains no occluded surfaces. The perception of “occlusion” always involves amodal completion of areas perceived as partially occluded. Shapes, occlusions, and relative depth relationships are all descriptions of the percept. To treat one aspect of this percept as prior to other aspects is a logical fallacy linked to a failure to distinguish between the percept and the real world, and to a preference for adopting simple, pseudo-explanations of perceptual phenomena instead of tackling the difficult problems entailed in explaining perceptual organization.
The rapid synthesis of integral stimuli
Authors: Wills Andy , Edmunds Charlotte E R , Milton Fraser
Published: February 2021

Integral stimuli (e.g. colours varying in saturation and brightness) are classically considered to be processed holistically (i.e. as undifferentiated stimulus wholes); people analyze such stimuli into their consistent dimensions only with substantial time, effort, training, or instruction (Foard & Kemler Nelson, 1984). In contrast, Combination Theory (Wills et al., 2015) argues that the dimensions of integral stimuli are quickly combined. Through an investigation of the effects of time pressure, we support Combination Theory over the classical holistic-to-analytic account. Specifically, using colored squares varying in saturation and brightness, we demonstrate that the prevalence of single-dimension classification increases as stimulus presentation time is reduced. We conclude that integral stimuli are not slowly analyzed, they are quickly synthesized.
Revealing the impact of expertise on human planning with a two-player board game
Authors: van Opheusden Bas , Galbiati Gianni , Kuperwajs Ionatan , Bnaya Zahy , li Yunqi , Ma Wei Ji
Published: February 2021

In recent years, artificial intelligence has made great progress in improving machine performance in tasks that require planning many steps ahead. By comparison, cognitive science has lagged behind in understanding human planning in complex tasks. One question of long-standing interest in this domain is whether skilled decision-makers plan further into the future than novices. Traditionally, the study of expertise in planning has focused on board games like chess, but the complexity of these games poses a barrier to detailed behavioral modeling. Conversely, common planning tasks in cognitive science are often lower-complexity and impose a ceiling for the depth to which any player can plan. Here, we investigate expertise in a complex board game that offers ample opportunity for skilled players to plan deeply. Despite this complexity, we show that human behavior can be captured using a computational cognitive model based on heuristic search. To validate this model, we predict human choices, response times, eye movements and perform a Turing test. Using the model, we find robust evidence for increased planning depth with expertise in both laboratory and large-scale mobile data. Our results highlight the promise of investigating human planning in complex tasks with precise behavioral modeling.
Komunikasi antar Pribadi Manusia. Suatu Tinjauan Filosofis
Authors: Tumanggor Raja Oloan
Published: February 2021

Tulisan ini berusaha merefleksikan secara filosofis komunikasi antar pribadi manusia dan aspek-aspeknya. Dalam proses komunikasi antar pribadi, setiap pelaku berupaya menafsirkan dan memahami informasi yang diterima agar dapat memberi reaksi yang baik dan tepat kepada orang lain. Komunikasi yang memperhatikan dimensi subjektivitas adalah komunikasi yang melahirkan komunikasi yang otentik. Maka, bila ingin mencapai komunikasi antar pribadi yang otentik, berarti harus menempatkan orang lain bukan sebagai objek, melainkan sebagai subjek dalam komunikasi tersebut. Pada sisi inilah komunikasi antar pribadi manusia dapat ditinjau secara humanis dan filosofis dalam kajian filsafat manusia.
Longitudinal bending stiffness does not affect running economy in Nike Vaporfly shoes
Authors: Healey Laura , Hoogkamer Wouter
Published: February 2021

Objectives: To determine the independent effect of the curved carbon-fiber plate in the Nike Vaporfly 4% shoe on running economy and running biomechanics.Methods: Fifteen healthy male runners completed a metabolic protocol and a biomechanics protocol. In both protocols participants wore two different shoe conditions, an intact Nike Vaporfly 4% (VFintact), and a cut Nike Vaporfly 4% (VFcut). The VFcut had 6 medio-lateral cuts through the carbon-fiber plate in the forefoot to reduce the effectiveness of the plate. In the metabolic protocol participants ran at 14 km/h for 5-minutes, twice with each shoe, on a force-measuring treadmill while breathing into an expired gas system. In the biomechanics protocol participants ran across a runway with embedded force plates at 14 km/h. We calculated running economy, kinetics, and joint mechanics of the lower limb.Results: Running economy did not significantly differ between shoe conditions (0.5% higher in the VFcut compared to the VFintact). Biomechanical differences were only found in the metatarsophalangeal joint (MTP) with increased MTP dorsiflexion angle, angular velocity, and negative power in the VFcut. Contact time was 1% longer in the VFcut.Conclusion: Cutting the carbon-fiber plate and reducing the longitudinal bending stiffness did not have a significant effect on the energy savings in the Nike Vaporfly 4%. This suggests that the plate alone plays a limited role in the 4% energy savings, and instead those likely result from a combination and interaction of the foam, geometry, and plate.
Impact of Interest Rate Spread on Profitability in Nepalese Commercial Banks
Authors: Karki Chitra Bahadur
Published: February 2021

The paper aims to examine the relationship between interest rate spread (IRS) and profitability and the impact of IRS on profitability of commercial banks in Nepal. Secondary data have been collected from the annual reports of Nepal investment bank ltd. from fiscal year 2066/67 to 2075/76. A regression technique has been used considering statistical package Minitab 16 version to analyze the data. The study reveals the positive impact of IRS upon the profitability of Nepal investment bank ltd. This study provides sufficient evidences to Nepalese commercial banks about the impact of their IRS on their profitability. The result of this study motivates to Nepalese commercial banks to understand the importance of IRS to raise profitability. Based on the findings, the study is useful to Nepalese commercial banks for making balance between deposit rate and lending rate and maintaining optimum level of interest rate spread to attract both depositors and debtors. This study is also useful to new researchers as a reference for conducting study on similar topic.
Women and Nature in BP Koirala's Sumnima: An Ecofeminist Study
Authors: Mishra Indira Acharya
Published: February 2021

The article aims to analyze the connections between women and nature in Bisheshwar Parsad Koirala's novel Sumnima. To examine the relation between women and nature in the novel, the theory of eco feminism has been used. Eco feminism deals with the relationships between women and nature that particularly deals with the domination of women and exploitation of nature in a patriarchal social order. Eco feminist critics believe that issues of women and ecology are interrelated. They critique that the domination of nature by human beings is guided by the patriarchal world view, the same world view that justifies the domination of women. Thus, they resist the exploitation of women and nature. Koirala's Sumnima underscores the patriarchal structure based on dualisms like men/woman, masculine/ feminine, culture/nature, and spiritual/material, which destabilizes the system based on the hierarchy of the traditional gender roles. Thus, the article argues that the novel is written from the perspective of eco feminism. The analysis of the study centers on the depiction of women and nature in the novel. The finding of the article shows that, in patriarchy, women and nature are treated as feminine and they are dominated and exploited. The analysis is significant as it helps to understand the importance of feminine to maintain harmonious relation between men, women and nature.
बेकर स्ट्रिटका "दुई आंखा" कथामा डायस्पोरिक चेतना Bekar Streetka Dui Aankha Kathama Dayasporik Chetana
Authors: ओझा Ojha बाबुराम Baburam
Published: February 2021

प्रस्तुत आलेख जया राईद्वारा लिखित बेकर स्ट्रिटका दुई आँखा कथामा रहेको डायस्पोरिक प्रवृत्तिको अध्ययनमाकेन्द्रित छ । डायस्पोरा सबै कारणले परदेश बसाइँ गएर छरिएर बसेका मानिसको पीडाको अनुभूति हो । साहित्यकोडायस्पोरिक अध्ययनले कृतिमा निहित त्यस्तो द्वैतसंस्कृतिले निर्मित मानसिकता र व्यवहारको अध्ययन गर्छ ।विवेच्य कथामा अभिव्यक्त जीवनको अवस्था र यसमा रहेका डायस्पोरिक पक्षको विश्लेषण गर्नु यस आलेखकोमुख्य उद्देश्य रहेको हुनाले विषयलाई त्यहीँ केन्द्रित गरिएको छ । यस लेखको तयारीका लागि सामग्री सङ्कलनकाक्रममा प्राथमिक सामग्रीका रूपमा जया राईलिखित कथालाई लिइएको छ र विषयको सैद्धान्तिक आधार निर्माणकालागि पुस्तकालयबाट द्वितीयक प्रकारका सामग्री लिइएको छ । कथाको डायस्पोरिक अध्ययन गर्दा डायस्पोराकोसामान्यीकृत सिद्धान्तमा आधारित भएको हुनाले सामग्रीको विश्लेषणका क्रममा निगमन विधिको प्रयोग गरिएकोछ । विवेच्य कथालाई डायस्पोराका मूलभूत मान्यताका आधारमा वर्णन र विश्लेषण गर्नु यस अध्ययनको उद्देश्यरहेकाले लेखका रूपमा प्रस्तुतीकरण गर्दा वर्णनात्मक विधि प्रयुक्त छ । डायस्पोरिक कृतिका अतीततर्फको यात्रा,ऐकान्तिकता, परिचयहीनता र यान्त्रिक जीवनको पीडा जस्ता पक्षका आधारमा यहाँ कथाबाट साक्ष्यहरू उद्यृत गरीविषयको तार्किक पुष्टि गरिएको छ । बेकर स्ट्रिटका दुई आँखाकथामा बेलायतको विरानो भूमिमा नेपालीहरूलेभोगेको अप्ठ्यारोको अभिव्यक्ति भएको पाइन्छ । यस कथाले प्रवासमा रहेका नेपालीको सङ्घर्ष, चिन्ता,परिचयहीनता, असन्तुष्टि, तथा द्वैतसांस्कृतिकताको चित्रण गरेको छ । निष्कर्षतः डायस्पोरिक चिन्तनका दृष्टिलेकथा अब्बल ठहरेको छ ।
नेपाली र आठपहरिया भाषाको सङ्गति व्यवस्थाको तुलनात्मक अध्ययन Nepali ra Aathpahariya Bhashako Sangatiko Tulanatmak Adhyayan
Authors: गुरागाईँ Guragain यज्ञप्रसाद  Yagyaprasad
Published: February 2021

यस लेखमा नेपालमा बोलिने नेपालको मुख्य भाषा नेपाली र धनकुटा जिल्लाको धनकुटा नगरपालिकामा बसोवासगर्दै आएका आठपहरिया जातिको आठपहरिया भाषाको सङ्गति व्यवस्थाको तुलनात्मक अध्ययन गरिएको छ ।सङ्गति व्यवस्था भन्नाले कर्ता र क्रियाबीचको, विशेषण र विशेष्यबीचको, नाम र सर्वनामबीचको, कोटिकर रअन्य शब्दका बिचको तथा क्रियोयोगी र क्रियाबीचको मेललाई बुझिन्छ । हरेक भाषाका आआफ्नै व्यवस्था हुनेभएकाले यी दुई भाषाका बीचमा के कस्तो सङ्गति व्यवस्था रहेको छ भन्ने प्रश्नको समाधान यहाँ खोजिएको छ ।तसर्थ यहाँ उक्त भाषाहरूका बीचमा भएको सङ्गति व्यवस्थाको तुलनात्मक अध्ययन गरी निचोड प्रस्तुत गर्नु यसलेखको उद्देश्य रहेको छ । यस अध्ययनबाट नेपाली भाषा र आठपहरिया भाषाको तुलनात्मक स्थिति बुझ्न चाहने रनेपाली भाषालाई दोस्रो भाषाका रूपमा सिक्ने विद्यार्थी तथा तिनका शिक्षकहरूलाई लाभ पुग्न सक्छ । यस लेखमाधनकुटा जिल्लालाई अध्ययनको क्षेत्र बनाइएको छ । प्रश्नावली तथा अन्तर्वार्ताका माध्यमबाट सङ्कलन गरिएकासामग्रीहरूलाई प्राथमिक सामग्री र व्याकरणका पुस्तक, शब्दकोश, पत्रपत्रिका आदिबाट सङ्कलन गरिएकासामग्रीहरूलाई द्वितीय सामग्री मानी तुलनात्मक विधिबाट तिनको प्रस्तुतीकरण गरिएको छ । तथ्याङ्ककोविश्लेषणबाट यी दुवै भाषाबीच केही समानता र केही भिन्नताहरू पाइएका छन् । खासगरी दुवै भाषामा वचनगतसमानतामा साथै समयवाचक क्रियायोगी र क्रियाबीच तथा कोटिकर र अन्य शब्दका बीचको समानताको अवस्थाफेला पार्न सकिन्छ । आठपहरिया भाषामा नेपाली भाषामा जस्तो विशेषण र क्रियापदका लिङ्गभेदक रूपहरू छैनन्अनि नाम, सर्वनाम, विशेषण र क्रियापदका आदरभेदक रूपहरू पनि पाइँदैनन् । तसर्थ लिङ्ग तथा आदरकाआधारमा आठपहरिया भाषामा नेपाली भाषामा जस्तो सङ्गति व्यवस्था पाउन सकिँदैन । फेरि आठपहरिया भाषामाद्विवचनको व्यवस्था भएकोले द्विवचन कर्ता अनुसार क्रिया निर्धारण हुनुका साथै कर्म तथा स्थानवाचक क्रियायोगीलेक्रिया निर्धारण गरी विशेष सङ्गति व्यवस्था कायम गरेको छ । यस्तो व्यवस्था नेपाली भाषामा पाइँदैन ।