bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Contribution to the study of the reproductive cycle of the wide-eyed flounder Bothus podas podas in the Gulf of Gabès (Tunisia)
Authors: Abid S. , Ouannes-Ghorbel A. , Jarboui O. , Bouain A.
Published: April 2010

The wide-eyed flounder Bothus podas podas is a small fish that belongs to the Bothidae family. This species is a demersal fish inhabiting sandy and muddy bottoms where it lives buried in the sand. In the Gulf of Gabès (Tunisia), B. podas podas is an uncommon fish caught in small quantities by trawlers, between depths of 20 and 50 m. There are very few complete studies of the biology of this fish in the Mediterranean Sea. Even in Tunisia, the biology of B. podas podas is unknown. In addition, it has been noticed that during the last few years, despite having weak commercial value, this fish has attracted the fishermen's attention of the region after the observed reduction in the flat fish stocks, particularly the Egyptian sole Solea aegyptiaca. The aim of this work was to study the reproduction of B. podas podas and determine the sex-ratio, the sexual cycle, the spawning period and the first sexual maturity. The data for this work was collected during the period of May 2004 until September 2005. In general, this study shows that the proportion of sexes is in favour of females and permits us to analyse the sex-ratio variations according to the size and age of the fish. It also seems that males grow faster than females. The monthly following of the gonad somatic index (GSI), the liver somatic index (LSI) and the condition factor (K) enabled us to determine that the period of maturation occurs from May to August, to define the spawning period from August to November and to deduce that B. podas podas uses the lipid reserves accumulated in the liver to develop its gonads. Concerning the first sexual maturity it was noted that the main size related to 25%, 50% and 75% of matured individuals were respectively for males: 19.68 cm, 21 cm and 22.34 cm and for females: 18.87 cm, 20.4 cm and 21.93 cm. The coefficients of the logistic function were for males: a = 0.827, b = 17.38 and for females: a = 0.718, b = 14.65.
SOONER SPEAKING THAN SILENT, SOONER SILENT THAN MUTE: SOVIET DEAF THEATRE AND PANTOMIME AFTER STALIN
Authors: Kayiatos Anastasia
Published: April 2010

A television documentary on speech therapy is visible on the screen. A logopedist (speech-defect expert) coaches a young man to overcome his stutter through hypnosis. “You will speak loudly and clearly, freely and easily, unafraid of your voice and your speech,” she instructs. The boy hesitates but finally musters the words: “I can speak.” Thus Andrei Tarkovsky beginsZerkalo[Mirror], his poetic film about personal memory and cultural trauma (conceived in 1964 and completed in 1974).3The symbolism of this scene was impossible for Tarkovsky's Soviet intelligentsia audience to miss. The stutterer coming to speech allegorized the artist coming to free expression in Russia after Stalin, struggling to adapt to alternating intervals of liberating “thaw” and oppressive “freeze,” fluency and silence, in the period of de-Stalinization that Nikita Khrushchev's secret speech at the 20th Party Congress of 1956 set into motion. The crisis of the solo stutterer's speech in the film stood in for the larger emerging crisis of how to represent socialist reality, a world that once had been captured solely by socialist realism—that is, until Khrushchev deprived Stalinism of its status as real socialism and thus invalidated the basis of socialist realism.
WATCHING WOMAN AND WATER
Authors: Foster Susan Leigh
Published: April 2010

I am being haunted by a dance I saw more than a year ago. Ever since it was performed as part of the Actions of Transfer: Women's Performance in the Americas conference at UCLA in November 2008, I have been reviewing it in my mind every few weeks. I am unsettled by its seeming simplicity and by the integrity and power that this simplicity conveys. Therefore I am writing not about a work I have just seen, but rather one I have been rewatching for several months. The dance, titled Woman and Water, was created and performed by Alutiiq artist Tanya Lukin Linklater. It premiered on 22 May at Visualeyez 2006, Canada's seventh annual festival of performance art, produced by Latitude 53 Contemporary Visual Culture; the festival's theme was “Domesticity,” and it was curated by founder Todd Janes in Edmonton, Alberta. When she was invited to UCLA, Lukin Linklater inquired about the availability of water near the conference where the piece might be performed, and, upon seeing the site, determined to stage the work in the plaza in front of Royce Hall, which is adjacent to a large fountain. This is what I remember watching:
Social Determinants of Health for Older Women in Canada: Does Rural–Urban Residency Matter?
Authors: Wanless Deanna , Mitchell Barbara A. , Wister Andrew V.
Published: April 2010

Cette étude a fourni une analyse exploratoire des principaux déterminants sociaux de la santé des femmes âgées canadiennes, en se concentrant sur les différences entre la résidence dans régions rurals et urbaines, étant donné que le statut socio-économique (SES) et le capital social ont été démontrés diffèrent selon la résidence rurale-urbaine. Une analyse secondaire a été effectuée en utilisant l’Enquête de la santé communautaire canadienne, 2000/2001. Une analyse comparative de régression logistique a inopinément révélé que les variables de statut socio-économique et capital social étaient plus fortement associés à la santé des femmes plus âgées urbaines qu’avec leurs homologues rurales. Les associations entre les mesures de revenu de ménage et l’état de santé, de l’insécurité alimentaire et d’appartenance au communauté n’ont pas été pris en charge, pour la plupart, parmi les femmes rurales, mais ont été pris en charge pour leurs homologues urbains. Les conclusions concernant les applications du modèle social-déterminants-de-santé sont discutées pour expliquer les motifs de santé parmi les femmes âgées urbaines et rurales.
Confirmatory Analysis of the Bradburn Affect Balance Scale and its Relationship with Morale in Older Canadian Adults
Authors: Helmes Edward , Goffin Richard D. , Chrisjohn Roland D.
Published: April 2010

La mesure des constructions psychologiques dépend des définitions objectives et des relations démontrées entre les items, les échelles et les théories pertinentes. Dans cette étude nous avons examiné ces relations pour la mesure de l’émotion telle que reflétée par l’«Affect Balance Scale» de Bradburn . Les résultats des analyses confirmatoires des données de 187 adultes canadiens âgés (âge moyen: 69.7) montrent qu’une structure bidimensionnelle rend mieux compte des données que le modèle unidimensionnel bipolaire suggéré par la clé de correction originale. Les deux dimensions, cependant, ont montré des modèles parallèles de corrélations avec deux mesures du« morale » et une mesure de la désirabilité sociale, mais ces modèles différaient du score d’ABS unidimensionnel classique. Les résultats suggèrent que l’«Affect Balance Scale» de Bradburn devrait être utilisée prudemment et qu’il faut rendre le score de deux dimensions faciles à distinguer.
Investigating novelty–outcome relationships in engineering design
Authors: Srinivasan V. , Chakrabarti Amaresh
Published: April 2010

Design creativity involves developing novel and useful solutions to design problems. The research in this article is an attempt to understand how novelty of a design resulting from a design process is related to the kind of outcomes, described here as constructs, involved in the design process. A model of causality, the SAPPhIRE model, is used as the basis of the analysis. The analysis is based on previous research that shows that designing involves development and exploration of the seven basic constructs of the SAPPhIRE model that constitute the causal connection between the various levels of abstraction at which a design can be described. The constructs are state change, action, parts, phenomenon, input, organs, and effect. The following two questions are asked. Is there a relationship between novelty and the constructs? If there is a relationship, what is the degree of this relationship? A hypothesis is developed to answer the questions: an increase in the number and variety of ideas explored while designing should enhance the variety of concept space, leading to an increase in the novelty of the concept space. Eight existing observational studies of designing sessions are used to empirically validate the hypothesis. Each designing session involves an individual designer, experienced or novice, solving a design problem by producing concepts and following a think-aloud protocol. The results indicate dependence of novelty of concept space on variety of concept space and dependence of variety of concept space on variety of idea space, thereby validating the hypothesis. The results also reveal a strong correlation between novelty and the constructs; correlation value decreases as the abstraction level of the constructs reduces, signifying the importance of using constructs at higher abstraction levels for enhancing novelty.
Creative patterns and stimulation in conceptual design
Authors: Jin Yan , Benami Oren
Published: April 2010

Conceptual design is a creative process. Designers create functions to satisfy customer needs and behaviors and forms to fulfill their functions. Although cognitive processes are at the center in developing new ideas, they are rarely taken into account in research and development of design support methods and systems. It is conceivable that if one understands how cognitive processes are stimulated to generate design ideas, then more effective methods and tools can be developed to support conceptual design. In this article, a cognitive model of conceptual design is developed to capture the relationships among design entities, design operations, and cognitive processes. A protocol analysis is performed to evaluate the model, and a cognitive experiment carried out to study the creative patterns and stimulating relationships. The results show that designers exhibit patterns of creative design behavior, and that these patterns can be captured and instilled into the design process to promote creativity.
Miscellaneous new names and combinations in Scrophulariaceae - Manuleae
Authors: Hilliard O.M.
Published: April 2010

Manulea derustiana is newly described, and a ditypic genus, Reyemia, is described with a new species, R. chasmanthiflora, as its type, and Zaluzianskya nemesioides is transferred to it.
Lectotypes for Himalayan Sorbus taxa (Rosaceae)
Authors: Rushforth Keith
Published: April 2010

Lectotypes are provided for Sorbus microphylla Wenzig, S. ursina (G.Don) Schauer var. wenzigiana Schneider, S. arachnoidea Koehne and S. rufopilosa Schneider. Var. wenzigiana is transferred to S. foliolosa (Wallich) Spach var. wenzigiana (Schneider) Rushforth., comb. nov. A description of S. microphylla Wenzig. emend, is provided.
Wild and cultivated Dracaena fragrans
Authors: Bos J. J. , Graven P. , Hetterscheid W. L. A. , Van de Wege J. J.
Published: April 2010

Dracaena fragrans (L.) Ker Gawler is revised, similar species are critically compared and several of them, notably D. deremensis Engl. and D. deisteliana Engl. are reduced into synonymy. A formal classification with standard specimens for cultivated material currently in commerce is proposed.
Taxonomy and nomenclature of Bromus sect. Genea
Authors: Sales Fatima
Published: April 2010

A modem re-assessment is given of the taxonomy and nomenclature of the 8(-9) annual taxa within the mainly Mediterranean/SW Asiatic Bromus L. sect. Genea Dum. (Poaceae): B. diandrus Roth var. diandrus, B. diandrus var. rigidus Roth, B. fasciculatus Presl, B. madritensis L., B. rubens L., B. sterilis L., B. tectorum L. subsp. tectorum and B. tectorum subsp. lucidus Sales; less emphasis is given to B. madritensis and B. rubens. None of these taxa has previously been investigated throughout their total areas and the taxonomic conclusions expressed here are a result of a multidisciplinary approach. For reasons of convenience the species are considered in three informal groups based on overall similarities: i, B. sterilis, B. diandrus and B. rigidus, so often recognized as independent species in recent Floras but here regarded as varieties of one species; ii, B. madritensis, B. rubens and B. fasciculatus, with particular attention given to B. fasciculatus; and iii, B. tectorum subsp. tectorum and subsp. lucidus, previously regarded as independent species.
Notes relating to the Flora of Bhutan: XIX. Kobresia (Cyperaceae)
Authors: Noltie H.J.
Published: April 2010

The following new taxa, combinations and synonymy in the genus Kobresia from E Himalaya and SW China are proposed: K. pseuduncinoides Noltie sp. nov.; K. woodii Noltie sp. nov.; K. esenbeckii (Kunth) Noltie comb. nov. of which K. seticulmis Boeckeler, K. hookeri Boeckeler, K. angusta C.B. Clarke and the illegitimate K. trinervis Boeckeler become synonyms; K. esenbeckii var. fissiglumis (C.B. Clarke) Noltie comb. nov.; K. prattii C.B. Clarke and K. harrysmithü Kük. are reduced to synonymy of K. vidua (Boott ex C.B. Clarke) Kük.; K. williamsii is reduced to synonymy of K. gammiei; K. curvata is reduced to synonymy of K. fragilis; K. stiebrilziana is reported new to Bhutan and Sikkim and K. curticeps and K. gammiei new to Bhutan. Notes on K. nepalensis, K. vaginosa, K. vidua, K. gammiei and K. cercostachys are given. Observations on apparent dioecy and distribution of sex within the species K. esenbeckii, K. vidua, K. vaginosa and K. curticeps are reported.
A new species of Heterosmilax from China
Authors: Guan K. Y. , Noltie H. J.
Published: April 2010

The new species Heterosmilax longiflora (Smilacaceae) belonging to section Polyandrae and known only from the male plant from Yunnan, China, is described and illustrated.
A new species of Flueggea (Euphorbiaceae) from Anatolia
Authors: Gemici Yusuf
Published: April 2010

Flueggea anatolica Gemici (Euphorbiaceae) is illustrated and described from S Anatolia. It is a deciduous unarmed shrub, related to F. virosa (Roxb. ex Willd.) Voigt, but has an undivided pistillode, up to 13 staminate flowers per glomerule, and pistillate flowers in groups of (1−)2–3. This is the first record of the genus Flueggea from Anatolia. F. anatolica has an isolated position within the genus and is considered to be a Tertiary relict.
Notes on Lathyrus hirticarpus from Syria
Authors: Maxted Nigel
Published: April 2010

Populations of a rare species of Lalhyrus (Vicieae, Leguminosae), Lathyrus hirticarpus Mattatia & Heyn were located in Tartous province, Western Syria. A description and discussion of the relationship between this and allied species from Lathyrus L. sect. Lathyrus are provided.
Notes relating to the Flora of Bhutan: XXVIII. Eriocaulaceae (Eriocaulon), Musaceae (Musa), Cyperaceae (Actinoscirpus)
Authors: Noltie H. J.
Published: April 2010

The following new taxa and combinations of plants from India and Bhutan are made: Eriocaulon bhutanicum Noltie sp. nov.; Musa griersonii Noltie sp. nov.; Actinoscirpus grossus (L.f.) Goetghebeur & D.A. Simpson var. kysoor (Roxb.) Noltie,comb. nov.
Notes relating to the Flora of Bhutan: XXIX. Acanthaceae, with special reference to Strobilanthes
Authors: Wood J. R. I.
Published: April 2010

Various problems and issues in the Acanthaceae of Bhutan and the Himalaya are considered. The typification of Thunbergia grandiflora is discussed, and T. lacei and T. clarkei are reduced to synonomy. A new species of Eranthemum, E. erylhrochilum, is described, and the characters which separate it from its allies are listed. A new combination, P. gomezii, is made in Phlogacanthus. The genus Echinacanthus is reviewed and redefined. One group of species placed in it is moved to a new genus, Clarkeasia. which contains one species with two recognized varieties. The Chinese species, Strobilanthes lofuensis, is moved to Echinacanthus pending a thorough review of the three Chinese species in the genus. A wide-ranging discussion of Strobilanthes is presented, and Bremekamp's division of the genus into some fifty segregate genera is criticized and rejected. Various characters used in dividing the genus including life form (with particular attention to the gregarious flowering of the many plietesial species), anisophylly, inflorescence type, calyx development, corolla shape, pollen and seeds are discussed and reassessed. Although pollen is of minor value in subdividing the genus in the Himalayan region, it is possible to recognize 17 distinct groups of species at infrageneric level. These groups are described and discussed with the hope that they will help towards the reclassification of the Strobilanthes group as a whole. Keys are provided for most groups covering species from outside the Himalayan region as well. Thirty-five individual species of Strobilanthes are discussed, of which 17 are described as new. SEM photographs and line drawings illustrate the new species and various aspects of the genus discussed in the paper.
Umbelliferae (Apiaceae) of India. P. K. Mukherjee and L. Constance.
Authors: Lamond J. M. , Watson M. F.
Published: April 2010

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EJB volume 52 issue 2 Cover and Front matter
Authors: Editor Journal
Published: April 2010

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Old World Gesneriaceae. IV. Notes on Didymocarpus and Lysionotus
Authors: Hilliard O. M. , Burtt B. L.
Published: April 2010

Didymocarpus rodgeri (incl. var. siamensis) is reduced to a synonym of D. aureoglandulosus (SE India, Burma and Thailand); D. subalternans var. curvicapsa (Nepal–Sikkim) is raised to specific rank, and a new species, D. triplotrichus (Darjeeling distr. and Sikkim), is described. Lysionotus himalayensis is redetermined and reduced to synonymy under L. serratus; as a result L. atropurpureus, which name it had recently superseded, is reinstated. Aeschynanthus kingii and A. levipes are both transferred to Lysionotus, while L. wardii and L. gracilipes are reduced to synonymy under L. pubescens. Notes and new records are provided for L. confertus and L. serratus var. pterocaulis.
The taxonomic status of Tilia dasystyla in Crimea, Ukraine
Authors: Pigott C. D. , Francis B.
Published: April 2010

Nine populations of Tilia dasystyla Steven (Tiliaceae) in the Crimean mountains (Krymskiye Gory), including the type locality at Kastel Dag, were studied in the field and sampled by collection of herbarium specimens. This material was compared with specimens referred to Tilia hegonifolia Steven collected in Crimea, the Caucasus and Iran. Measurements or scores of 21 morphological characters made on the dried material were analysed by principal components analysis and logistic regression. These analyses demonstrated that the majority of trees could be correctly allocated to either Crimea or the Caucasus and Iran on the basis of the shape of their leaves and the area of their bracts. In addition there are differences of leaf and bract texture and bract colour which can be observed in fresh material. Chromosome counts showed that Crimean trees and one Caucasian tree are tetraploid (2n = 164). It is proposed that the Crimean, Caucasian and Iranian trees be treated as a single species with at least two subspecies: Tilia dasystyla Steven subsp. dasystyla from Crimea and T. dasystyla Steven subsp. caucasica (V. Engl.) Pigott from the Caucasus and Iran.
Ekimia, a new genus of Umhelliferae, and two new taxa of Prangos Lindl. (Umbelliferae) from southern Turkey
Authors: Duman H. , Watson M. F.
Published: April 2010

Studies on recent collections of mature fruiting material of Prangos bornmuelleri Hub.-Mor. & Reese have resolved the taxonomic placement of this enigmatic species. The new monotypic genus Ekimia H. Duman & M.F. Watson is proposed to include this taxon: E. bornmuelleri (Hub.-Mor. & Reese) H. Duman & M.F. Watson comb. nov. Two new Prangos taxa, P. platychloenae Boiss. ex Tchih. subsp. engizekensis H. Duman & M.F. Watson subsp. nov., and P. heyniae H. Duman & M.F. Watson sp. nov., are also described.
Notes relating to the Flora of Bhutan: XXXVIII. Gramineae I. tribe Stipeae
Authors: Noltie H. J.
Published: April 2010

Three new species and one new subspecies of Stipa are described from the E Himalaya: S. jacquemontii subsp. chuzomica and S. bhutanica which appear to be endemic to Bhutan: S. milleri from Nepal, India (Sikkim) and Bhutan and S. rohmooiana from India (Sikkim).
A phytogeographic analysis of the woody elements of New World savannas
Authors: Lenthall J. C. , Bridgewater S. , Furley P. A.
Published: April 2010

An analysis was made of the floristic composition of 45 savanna sites located throughout the southern neoarctic and neotropics. A total of 533 woody species were recorded from published and reliable unpublished floristic lists; of these, 234 species (44%) were from 10 Brazilian cerrado sites, with 187 (80%) of them restricted to the cerrado biome. The cerrados were clearly shown to be the most diverse New World savanna system with a high degree of endemism. The data were analysed using two multivariate techniques: TWINSPAN and DCA. Four phytogeographic zones were identified: Central Brazil and Bolivia extending to Southern Amazonia; north of Amazonia extending across the isthmus of Central America and including the Caribbean; Belize, Guatemala and Southern Mexico; and north of the Mexican Plateau. The analyses revealed gradients of floristic variation associated with latitude and longitude, and showed the great heterogeneity of savanna vegetation.
Glossary of Plant Pathological Terms. M. C. Shurtleff and C. W. Avcrre III.
Authors: Helfer S.
Published: April 2010

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A revision of Geoffroea(Leguminoscw–Papilionoideae)
Authors: Ireland H. , Pennington R. T.
Published: April 2010

Geoffroea (Leguminosae–Papilionoideae) has traditionally comprised three species. In this revision the number of species is reduced to two because G. striata (Willd.) Morong is considered indistinct from G. spinosa Jacq. and is placed in synonymy. No significant morphological variation is found between the five isolated areas of distribution of G. spinosa, which occurs in the disjunct seasonally dry tropical forests of South America, and there is certainly no basis for recognizing separate taxa.
Notes relating to the flora of Bhutan: XXXIX. Gramineae II
Authors: Noltie H. J.
Published: April 2010

The following descriptions of new taxa, new combinations, lectotypifications, and nomenclatural notes are required for the forthcoming volume of the Flora of Bhutan (volume 3, part 2, Gramineae). New species: Agrostis ushae Noltie from India (Sikkim), Arundinella dagana Noltie and Cymbopogon bhutanicus Noltie from Bhutan. New subspecies: Deschampsia cespitosa subsp. sikkimensis Noltie from India (Sikkim) and China (Tibet). New combinations: Agrostis petelotii (Hitchc.) Noltie, Urochloa supervacua (C.B. Clarke) Noltie, Cymbopogon munroi (C.B. Clarke) Noltie, Urochloa villosa var. barbata (Bor) Noltie, Themeda triandra var. laxa (Andersson) Noltie. The following species are reported here for the first time from the following countries. Bhutan: Neyraudia curvipes Ohwi, Tripogon purpurascens Duthie, Elymus duthiei (Melderis) G. Singh, Urochloa panicoides P. Beauv., Spodiopogon lacei Hole, Microstegium falconeri (Hook.f.) Clayton. China (Yunnan): Agrostis zenkeri Trin. Bangladesh: Panicum laxum Sw.
Plant Portrait—Rhododendron polyanthemum
Authors: Argent G. C. G.
Published: April 2010

This attractive species was first found by Sheila Collenette in January 1961 on an Expedition to Gunong Trus Madi, the second highest peak in Sabah, on the crest of the main ridge near the summit between 2135–2285m. The original plant was described as a tree with a substantial trunk over 7m in height, and quite a spectacular sight covered in fully open bright orange flowers. Herbarium collections of this plant were sent to Professor Sleumer in Leiden who described the material as a new species of Rhododendron in series Javanica, No 208a (Sleumer, 1963). In his revision of the genus Rhododendron in Malaysia (Sleumer, 1960) he inserted this between Rhododendron englerianum Koord from New Guinea and R. rhodopus Sleumer from Sulawesi. This appears to be a very precise position but no reasons were given for this placement and there is no reason to suppose this species has a very close relationship with either of those between which it had been interposed. It might have been better placed with R. rugosum Low. ex Hook. f. with which it does have scale type and geographical location in common.
A new species of Ixora from Burma
Authors: Deb D. B. , Rout R. C.
Published: April 2010

Ixora keenanii Deb & Rout (Rubiaceae) is described as a new species from Kachin State, Burma.
The bamboos of Nepal and Bhutan. Part I: Bambusa, Dendrocalamus, Melocanna, Cephalostachyum, Teinostachyum, and Pseudostachyum (Gramineae: Poaceae, Bambusoideae)
Authors: Stapleton C. M. A.
Published: April 2010

Bamboos encountered during extensive fieldwork in Nepal and Bhutan are enumerated in three papers. Fifteen genera are recognized, including several genera recently described in China and one new genus. In Part I delimitation of the Himalayan bamboo subtribes and genera is discussed, and a key to the genera is given. The systematic treatment begins with six tropical and subtropical genera which all have iterauctant inflorescences and 6 stamens. Bambusa and Dendrocalamus are in the subtribe Bambusinae Agardh, having solid styles. Melocanna, Cephalostachyum, Teinostachyum, and Pseudostachyum have elongated hollow styles and are in the subtribe Melocanninae Reichenbach. Five new taxa are described: Bambusa nepalensis from central and eastern Nepal; Bambusa clavata from Bhutan; Bambusa alamii from Nepal, Bhutan, and Bangladesh; Bambusa nutans Wall, ex Munro subsp. cupulata from Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, and India; and Dendrocalamus hamiltonii Nees & Arn. ex Munro var. undulatus from Nepal.
Malus bhutanica — comb. nov.
Authors: Phipps J. B.
Published: April 2010

Malus toringoides (Rehd.) Hughes, 1920, is shown to be the same as Pyrus bhutanica W.W. Smith, 1911, therefore requiring a new name, Malus bhutanica, which is hereby provided.
Homoeosis, canalization, decanalization, ‘characters’ and angiosperm origins
Authors: Mabberley D. J. , Hay A.
Published: April 2010

Reproductive structure is considered in the context of process morphology: the significance of homoeotic transformations is commented on in Araceae and other modern angiosperms. Disruption leads to the rearrangement of processes and destabilization of process combinations, or decanalization. This is apparently more readily achieved in certain extant angiosperms than in others; both environmentally triggered decanalization, including galling, and genetically prompted decanalization are discussed and illustrated with examples including those leading to the expression of ‘lost’ features. This is extended to a consideration of ‘character’ comparisons in extant angiosperms and possible pitfalls there. Finally, this approach is applied to the relationship of certain extant groups of seed-plants and their fossil allies and it is concluded that modem ones are (distantly) interrelated relics of a complex of ‘hemiangiosperms’ of the Triassic.
EJB volume 51 issue 3 Cover and Front matter
Authors: Editor Journal
Published: April 2010

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The bamboos of Nepal and Bhutan. Part III: Drepanostachyum, Himalayacalamus, Ampelocalamus, Neomicrocalamus and Chimonobambusa (Gramineae: Poaceae, Bambusoideae)
Authors: Stapleton C. M. A.
Published: April 2010

This paper completes the systematic treatment of the bamboos of Nepal and Bhutan, covering five genera from subtropical to lower temperate zones. Three further genera from the subtribe Arundinariinae Bentham are included: Drepanostachyum Keng f., Himalayacalamus Keng f., and Ampelocalamus Chen, Wen & Sheng. They have semelauctant ebracteate inflorescences, pachymorph rhizomes, and 3 stamens. Neomicrocalamus Keng f. has semelauctant bracteate inflorescences and 6 stamens, and is in the new subtribe described here, Racemobambosinae. Chimonobambusa Makino has bracteate inflorescences and 3 stamens and is the only Himalayan genus in the subtribe Shibataeinae (Nakai) Soderstrom & Ellis. A new Drepanostachyum species from Bhutan is described as D. annulatum. Himalayacalamus, which was originally described as a monotypic genus, is enlarged by the description of five new species, H. asper, H. brevinodus, H. cupreus, H. fimbriatus, and H. porcatus, all from Nepal. A Himalayan representative of the genus Ampelocalamus, A. patellaris, is transferred from Dendrocalamus. Neomicrocalamus andropogonifolius from eastern Bhutan is transferred from Bambusa.
Comparison of the woody flora and soils of six areas of montane semideciduous forest in southern Minas Gerais, Brazil
Authors: Oliveira-Filho A. T. , Vilela E. A. , Gavilaness M. L. , Carvalho D. A.
Published: April 2010

Qualitative and quantitative descriptions of the woody flora and soil analyses are provided for six areas of montane semideciduous forest in the upper Rio Grande region, southern Minas Gerais, Brazil. Comparisons are made of the floristic composition of these six areas and 24 other forest areas of southeastern Brazil using ordination by detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) and hierarchical classifications, both agglomerative (upgma) and divisive (twinspan). The variation in community structure of five of the six forest areas was analysed using a two-way table yielded by twinspan. The floristic analyses indicated the strongest link between the forests of the upper Rio Grande region and other montane forest formations of southeastern Brazil as well as secondary links with the gallery forests that extend into the cerrado domain and the submontane semideciduous forests of the Rio Parana basin. Variations in community structure among the five forest areas were apparently associated mainly with riverside effects and soil fertility.Descrições qualitativas e quantitativas da flora lenhosa e análises de solos são apresentadas para seis áreas de floresta semidecídua montana na regiāo do alto rio Grande, sul de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Sāo feitas comparações florísticas das seis florestas e de outras 24 áreas de floresta do sudeste brasileiro usando ordenação por análise de correspondência (DCA) e classificações hierárquicas, tanto aglomerativa (upgma) como divisiva (twinspan). As variações em estrutura comunitária de cinco das seis florestas foram analisadas usando uma tabela bidirecional produzida por twinspan. As análises florísticas indicaram uma ligação mais forte entre as florestas do alto rio Grande e outras formações florestais montanas do sudeste do Brasil, bem como laços florísticos secundários com as florestas de galena que penetram o domínio dos cerrados e com as florestas semidecíduas submontanas do vale do rio Paraná. As variaç˜es em estrutura comunitária entre as cinco florestas mostraram-se aparentemente associadas principalmente com o efeito da margem dos rios e com a fertilidade dos solos.
Announcement
Authors: Editor Journal
Published: April 2010

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A revision of Rhododendron VI. Subgenus Pentanthera (Sections Sciadorhodion, Rhodora and Viscidula)
Authors: Judd W. S. , Kron K. A.
Published: April 2010

A revision of the seven species of Rhododendron sections Sciadorhodion, Viscidula and Rhodora (of subgenus Pentanthera; Ericaceae) is presented. A cladistic analysis of Rhododendron subgenus Pentanthera is provided, and results in the recognition of four sections: Sciadorhodion, Viscidula, Rhodora and Pentanthera. The species are delimited and compared, their distributions are mapped, and descriptions and practical keys are developed.
The Common Ground of Wild and Cultivated Plants: Introductions, invasions, control and conservation. Botanical Society of the British Isles Conference Report No. 22. Edited by A. R. Perry and R. G. Ellis. Cardiff: National
Authors: Cronk Q. C. B.
Published: April 2010

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The Genera of the Umbelliferae: A nomenclator. M. G. Pimenov and M. V. Leonov.
Authors: Watson M. F.
Published: April 2010

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EJB volume 52 issue 3 Cover and Front matter
Authors: Editor Journal
Published: April 2010

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A new Anchusa from Israel
Authors: Danin A.
Published: April 2010

A new Anchusa (A. negevensis) (Boraginaceae) from the Negev of Israel is described. It is referred to subgen. Hormuzakia (Guşul.) D. F. Chamb. on account of its helmet shaped nutlets with a hollow base and with a basal dentate ring around the ventral side. Although the only other species in this subgenus (A. aggregata Lehm.) is annual, nutlet morphology is strikingly similar between these two taxa. The new species is a perennial, herbaceous plant with succulent roots and reproduces vegetatively by adventitious shoots from its roots. It is known only from a 0.2 hectare area of weathered, Neogene sandstone outcrop, situated with a sloping aspect and subject to high wind erosion, located 10km SE of Dimona, Israel.
Inocybe in Peninsular Malaysia
Authors: Turnbull E.
Published: April 2010

Nine species of Inocybe (Basidiomycotina, Cortinariaceae) are described from Malaysia. Inocybe aurantiocystidiata is described as a new species and I. palaeotropica is proposed as a new name. Astrosporina aequalis is combined in Inocybe.
A new species of Sinojackia Hu (Styracaceae) from Hunan, South Central China
Authors: Tao Chen , Tie-Ru Cao
Published: April 2010

The new species Sinojackia oblongicarpa C.T. Chen & T.R. Cao (Styracaceae) is described and illustrated.
Vegetation of inselbergs in Zimbabwe
Authors: Seine R. , Becker U. , Porembski S. , Follmann G. , Barthlott W.
Published: April 2010

Inselbergs are rounded rock outcrops, usually of Precambrian age, with sparse vegetation cover. The vegetation of inselbergs in Zimbabwe is described for the first time, based upon data sampled from 53 localities. Inselbergs support a range of habitats whose vegetation is described. Data on species richness and floristic composition of the inselberg flora (549 vascular plant, 25 bryophyte and 136 lichen species) are presented. Phytogeography and diversity of inselberg vegetation are discussed. First records for Zimbabwe are reported in lichens and vascular plants.
Forests of the ultramafic mount Giting-Giting, Sibuyan Island, the Philippines
Authors: Proctor J. , Argent G. C. , Madulid D. A.
Published: April 2010

Mount Giting-Giting is an ultramafic mountain on Sibuyan Island, Romblon Province, Republic of the Philippines. It was studied along the Mayo's Peak Ridge which had rainforest from about 200m up to c. 1550m. The grassland and scrub vegetation from 1550m to the summit (2050m) of Giting-Giting was not explored. The mean annual rainfall at the base of the mountain was c.2100mm which included a dry season around February and March. There was a notable increase in wind speed with altitude and there was about one hurricane (called a cyclone in the Philippines) per year. Analyses showed that the soils are acid ( 4.4–5.5), and have relatively low concentrations of Olsen extractable phosphorus (0.22–2.07μg g−1), low exchangeable potassium (0.04–0.41mEq 100g−1), and relatively low (for ultramafic soils) Mg/Ca quotients (0.31–2.87) and exchangeable nickel (1.0-23.8μg g−1). Coupled plots (of 0.25 or 0.04ha) were studied at altitudes from 325m to 1540m. All trees ≥ 10cm dbh were enumerated and structural features of the trees and smaller plants were quantified. The forests were all of fairly small stature (maximum tree height 24m) but dense (up to 2180 trees ha−1 in Lower Montane Forest (LMF) and up to 880 ha−1 in Upper Montane Forest (UMF)). While different taxa could be readily recognized, specific determinations were often impossible from the mainly sterile specimens. The LMF was species rich with up to at least 111 species of tree (≥ 10cm dbh) per 0.25-ha plot. There was no family clearly dominant in the two lower plots at 325m and 385m (where the Dipterocarpaceae were probably reduced by logging). At 770m and 860m the Dipterocarpaceae accounted for 12.9% and 14.7% of the basal area respectively. There was a surprisingly high representation of the Sapotaceae (25.9% of the basal area) at 1240m. At 1540m, the Araucariaceae (Agathis sp.) dominated one plot (37.1% of the basal area) and the Myrtaceae the other (72.4%).
Flora of the Venezuelan Guayana. Volume 2. Pteridophytes, Spermatophytes; Acanthaceae-Araceae. Volume Editors: Paul E. Berry, Bruce K. Hoist & Kay Yatskievych. General Editors: Julian A. Steyermark, Paul E. Berry & Bruc
Authors: Atkinson R.
Published: April 2010

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Gardens of Empire: Botanical Institutions of the Victorian British Empire. Donal P. McCracken.
Authors: Noltie H. J.
Published: April 2010

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Medicinal Plants: Can utilization and conservation coexist? Jennie Wood Shelton, Michael J. Balick & Sarah A. Laird.
Authors: Milliken W.
Published: April 2010

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The genus Colchicum in Turkey: I. New species
Authors: Persson K.
Published: April 2010

Six new species of Colchicum (Colchicaceae) are described (C. munzurense, C. minutum, C. sanguicolle, C. micaceum, C. heldreichii, C. inundatum). The first two flower in early spring with synanthous leaves, the rest are autumn-flowering. All are endemic to Turkey, and confined to small geographical areas. Chromosome numbers and notes on phenology, vegetative reproduction, phytogeography and ecology are provided for all the species.
The genus Colchicum in Turkey. II. Revision of the large-leaved autumnal species
Authors: Persson K.
Published: April 2010

Turkish autumn-flowering species of Colchicum (Colchicaceae) with large, broad hysteranthous leaves are taxonomically and morphologically revised, with comments on conditions in other areas covered by the distributions. Three new species are described (C. paschei, C. dolichantherum, C. imperatoris-friderici), all endemic to Turkey. Synonym lists, typifications, chromosome numbers, and notes on phenology, vegetative reproduction, phytogeography and ecology are provided for the whole group, and relationships to other species are discussed.
Bromus L. sect. Bromus: taxonomy and relationship of some species with small spikelets
Authors: Smith P.M. , Sales F.
Published: April 2010

An artificial group of twelve brome-grasses with small-spikelets is reviewed. Descriptions, comments on their distinctive features, keys, diagnosis, citations and illustrations are provided. Form/function and evolutionary relationships are discussed and four affinity groups are recognized. The possible origin of B. lepidus and B. brachystachys is discussed.
New species in Petalacte (Compositae) and Struthiola (Thymelaeaceae)
Authors: Hilliard O. M.
Published: April 2010

Two species, Petalacte vlokii (Compositae) from the southern Cape fold mountains, and Struthiola anomala (Thymelaeaceae) from southernmost Natal, are newly described.
Taxonomy and biogeography of Gymnocarpos (Caryophyllaceae)
Authors: Petrusson L. , Thulin M.
Published: April 2010

The circumscription of Gymnocarpos (Caryophyllaceae) is extended to include the genus Lochia. Eight species are recognized: G. decandrus in the Canary Islands, northern Africa and southwestern Asia, G. parvibractus in Somalia, G. argenteus and G. mahranus in the mainland of Yemen, G. dhofarensis in Yemen and Oman, G. rotundifolius in Oman, G. kuriensis on Abd al-Kuri and Socotra, and G. bracteatus on Socotra. A phylogenetic analysis of Gymnocarpos is presented and the biogeography of the genus is discussed. The analysis suggests that G. mahranus and G. parvibractus, and G. kuriensis and G. rotundifolius, are pairs of vicarious sister species. G. argenteus, G. dhofarensis, G. mahranus and G. rotundifolius are species new to science. New combinations are G. bracteatus, G. kuriensis and G. parvibractus. G. decandrus is lectotypified. G. przewalskii, a species from China and Mongolia, is excluded from Gymnocarpos and would probably best be treated as a genus of its own.
Notes relating to the Flora of Bhutan: XXXII. Boraginaceae, II. New taxa, combinations and lectotypifications in subfamily Boraginoideae
Authors: Mill R. R.
Published: April 2010

One new genus (Setulocarya R.R. Mill & D.G. Long, belonging to tribe Eritrichieae and allied to Microcaryum I.M. Johnst.: Himachal Pradesh, Nepal, Sikkim) and four new species (Hackelia bhutanica R.R. Mill and H. obtusifolia R.R. Mill, both from Bhutan and Sikkim, Lasiocaryum ludiowii R.R. Mill from Bhutan, Nepal and Tibet, and Trigonotis clarkei R.R. Mill from Darjeeling) are described. The new combinations Setulocarya diffusa (Brand) R.R. Mill & D.G. Long and Onosma emodi Wall. var. stelligera (I.M. Johnst.) R.R. Mill are made. Tournefortia hookeri C.B. Clarke is lectotypified and the typification of Microula pustulosa (C.B. Clarke) Duthie is clarified.
Umbelliferae of Southern Africa: an introduction and annotated check-list
Authors: Burtt B.L.
Published: April 2010

Nullam profecto plantarum familiam quam Umbelliferas, majoribus premi aut pluribus difficultatibus, nullam ad nostra usque tempora magis esse desertam atque confusam, ecquis negabit, qui vel nuperrimos plantarum indices cum rerum natura ipsa comparaverit?

K. J. P. Sprengel (1813a).

Truly, no family of plants is weighed down with greater or more numerous difficulties, none up to this time is so neglected and confused, as the Umbelliferae. Is there anyone, even one who has compared the very latest indexes of the plants with nature itself, who will deny this?

Native genera of Umbelliferae recorded for southern Africa total 38, and 19 are endemic. Of these, 17 lack close allies either within the area or outside it, suggesting that southern Africa once had a much richer Umbelliferan flora than at present, and emphasizing the importance of the area in the history of the family. The native species number about 195. All names that have been used for southern African species are listed and cross-referenced to the recommended name, which is set out with full synonymy. Difficult problems are discussed in a series of Notes. There is a list of 20 new names (6 new species, 11 transfers and 3 replacement names). The introductory sections include notes on family classification and the phytogeography of the genera; there is a survey of characters useful in classification and particular attention is paid to studies carried out on the family in other areas. All work quoted is fully referenced. A key to the genera is provided.
EJB volume 48 issue 3 Cover and Front matter
Authors: Editor Journal
Published: April 2010

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Taxonomic studies in the Gaultheria group of genera of the Tribe Andromedeae (Ericaceae)
Authors: Middleton David J.
Published: April 2010

The taxonomic status of each of the genera within the ‘Gaultheria group of genera’ of the tribe Andromedeae (Ericaceae) has been investigated. These genera are Gaultheria L. (including Pernettya Gaud. and Chiogenes Salisb.), Leucothoë Don, Zenobia Don, Diplycosia Bl., Pernettyopsis King & Gamble and Tepuia Camp. The morphological characters have been discussed.
A comparative study of five cerrado areas in southern Mato Grosso, Brazil
Authors: Oliveira-Filho A. T. , Martins F. R.
Published: April 2010

Quantitative descriptions of the woody flora and soil analyses are given for five areas of cerrado (savanna woodland) near Cuiabá, Mato Grosso state, Brazil. Comparisons are made of the floristic composition and community structure of these areas using polar ordination and hierarchical classification techniques.Descrições quantitativas da flora lenhosa e anâlises de solos são apresentadas para cinco áreas de cerrado nas proximidades de Cuiabá, Mato Grosso. São realizadas comparações entre estas areas em composição florística e estrutura comunitária utilizando técnicas de ordenação polar e classifiçãcao hierárquica.
EJB volume 47 issue 1 Cover and Back matter
Authors: Editor Journal
Published: April 2010

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Alpinia (Zingiberaceae): A Proposed New Infrageneric Classification
Authors: Smith R. M.
Published: April 2010

K. Schumann's classification of Alpinia (Zingiberaceae), which subdivided the genus into five subgenera and 27 sections, was based, in the main, on the character of the secondary bracts (bracteoles). It is here proposed that the subgenera be reduced to two—Alpinia (7 sections and 10 subsections) and Dieramalpinia (4 sections and 2 subsections), and that the character of the labellum (petaloid or non-petaloid) be used as the main differentiating criterion. Such a classification shows the centre of distribution of subgen. Alpinia, in which the labellum is petaloid, to lie north of the equator; subgen. Dieramalpinia, in which the labellum is non-petaloid, or rarely so at the apex only, is now excluded from continental Asia and has its main concentration east of Wallace's line with its greatest number of species in New Guinea. Stigma types have been examined when possible and, so far, they substantiate the proposed classification.Keys to the subgenera, sections and subsections, together with distribution maps are provided. In Appendix 1 all published names in Alpinia are listed and annotated. Appendix 2 gives a key to the terminally-flowered genera of subfamily Alpineae; this is followed by five new names and six new combinations in Alpinia while A.cordylinoides is transferred to Riedelia.
A revision of Rhododendron. IV Subgenus Tsutsusi
Authors: Chamberlain D. F. , Rae S. J.
Published: April 2010

A revision of Rhododendron subgenus Tsutsusi is presented: section Tsutsusi with 66 species is equivalent to series Azalea subser. Obtusum; and section Brachycalyx with 15 species includes some species previously placed in subser Schlippenbachii. One new species in section Tsutsusi, R. arunachalense Chamberlain & Rae, sp. nov., is described. Distribution maps are provided for most of the species.
EJB volume 55 issue 3 Cover and Back matter
Authors: Editor Journal
Published: April 2010

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Genetic variation in Fitzroya cupressoides cultivated in the British Isles, assessed using RAPDs
Authors: Allnutt T. R. , Thomas P. , Newton A. C. , Gardner M. F.
Published: April 2010

Fitzroya cupressoides (Molina) Johnston (Cupressaceae), a threatened conifer native to southern South America, has been cultivated in a number of gardens and arboreta in the British Isles since its introduction in 1849. In order to assess the importance of these cultivated trees for ex situ conservation, foliar samples were collected from 48 trees from throughout the British Isles, including five of known wild origin (Chile). DNA was extracted from these samples and assessed using the RAPD technique, in order to examine the extent of genetic variation. All samples from the cultivated trees of unknown origin, with one exception, were found to be genetically identical. In contrast, the five samples of known wild origin revealed pronounced polymorphism, varying from 5.3% to 49.1% between individuals. These results suggest that virtually all of the F. cupressoides trees currently cultivated in the British Isles have been derived from a single individual by vegetative propagation. Their value for ex situ conservation is therefore likely to be extremely limited. The implications of these results for the genetic conservation of other taxa in gardens and arboreta is discussed.
Hagenia abyssinica and its fungal decayers in natural stands
Authors: Niemelä T. , Renvall P. , Hjortstam K.
Published: April 2010

Hagenia abyssinica J.F. Gmel. (Rosaceae) is an Afromontane endemic, whose range extends from Ethiopia in the north to Zimbabwe and Mozambique in the south. This thick-stemmed but low-growing tree is restricted to East African high mountains, and is one of the dominants of upper montane forests, often making up the timberline. In this paper 17 aphyllophoroid basidiomycetes are reported on Hagenia from Tanzania. Trees which have been partly debarked by elephants are often troubled by Hymenochaete ochromarginata Talbot. A new species, Hyphodontia submucronata Hjortstam & Renvall is described. Dendrothele griseocana (Bres.) Bourdot & Galzin is reported for the first time from Africa.
EJB volume 47 issue 3 Cover and Front matter
Authors: Editor Journal
Published: April 2010

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