bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A nomogram for predicting low‐volume/low‐grade prostate cancer
Authors: Nakanishi Hiroyuki , Wang Xuemei , Ochiai Atsushi , Trpkov Kiril , Yilmaz Asli , Donnelly J. Bryan , Davis John W. , Troncoso Patricia , Babaian R. Joseph
Published: October 2007

BACKGROUND.

The authors reported previously that assessment of the number of positive biopsy cores, maximum tumor length in a core, Gleason score, and prostate volume in an extended biopsy enhanced the accuracy of predicting low‐volume/low‐grade prostate cancer. On the basis of those findings, they developed a nomogram to predict the probability of low‐volume/low‐grade prostate cancer specifically for men with a single positive biopsy core.

METHODS.

The study cohort comprised 258 men who underwent radical prostatectomy without neoadjuvant therapy. Prostate cancer was diagnosed in only 1 core of an extended biopsy scheme. Low‐volume/low‐grade cancer was defined as pathologic organ‐confined disease and a tumor volume < 0.5 cc with no Gleason grade 4 or 5 cancer. Patient age, prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) level, prostate volume, PSA density (PSAD), and tumor length in a biopsy core were examined as variables. A fitted multiple logistic regression model was used to establish the nomogram.

RESULTS.

One hundred thirty‐three patients (51.6%) had low‐volume/low‐grade cancer. To establish the nomogram, age, PSAD, and tumor length were adopted as variables. The fitted model suggested that older age, higher PSAD values, and greater tumor length would reduce the probability of low‐volume/low‐grade cancer. The nomogram predicted low‐volume/low‐grade cancer with good discrimination (an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.727). Calibration of this nomogram showed good predicted probability.

CONCLUSIONS.

The authors established a nomogram with which to predict low‐volume/low‐grade cancer in men with 1 positive biopsy core in an extended biopsy scheme, and they recommend this nomogram for use in selecting men for active surveillance. Cancer 2007. © 2007 American Cancer Society.
Medroxyprogesterone, interferon alfa‐2a, interleukin 2, or combination of both cytokines in patients with metastatic renal carcinoma of intermediate prognosis
Authors: Negrier Sylvie , Perol David , Ravaud Alain , Chevreau Christine , Bay Jacques‐Olivier , Delva Remy , Sevin Emmanuel , Caty Armelle , Escudier Bernard
Published: October 2007

BACKGROUND.

Few randomized trials have compared the survival benefit of interferon‐alfa over controls in metastatic renal cell carcinoma, and none has been performed using interleukin‐2. The Programme Etude Rein Cytokines (PERCY) Quattro trial was designed to evaluate both cytokines for their survival benefit to intermediate prognosis patients, who represent the majority of candidates for these treatments.

METHODS.

Patients were randomized in a 2‐by‐2 factorial design to medroxyprogesterone acetate 200 mg daily, interferon‐alfa 9 million IU 3 times a week, subcutaneous interleukin‐2 9 million IU daily, or a combination of both cytokines. Tumor response was evaluated at Week 12 and Month 6; progression‐free patients received further identical treatment for a maximum of 3 additional months. Primary endpoint was overall survival; secondary endpoints were disease‐free survival, response rate, toxicity, and quality of life. Survival was analyzed on an intent‐to‐treat basis.

RESULTS.

From January 2000 to July 2004, 492 patients were enrolled. Analysis was performed after a 29.2‐month median follow‐up (range, 0 months to 54.6 months). There were no significant survival differences between the 244 interferon‐alfa‐treated patients and 248 noninterferon‐alfa patients (hazard ratio, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.81–1.24) or between the 247 interleukin‐2 and 245 noninterleukin‐2‐treated patients (hazard ratio, 1.07; 95% CI, 0.87–1.33; log rank, 0.99 and 0.52, respectively). Grade 3–4 toxicities were significantly more frequent in cytokine‐treated patients than in medroxyprogesterone‐treated patients.

CONCLUSIONS.

Subcutaneous interleukin‐2 and/or interferon‐alfa provide no survival benefit in metastatic renal cancers of intermediate prognosis, and they induce a significant risk of toxicity. Newly available angiogenesis inhibitors should be preferred for these patients. Cancer 2007. © 2007 American Cancer Society.
Primary adenoid cystic carcinoma of the lung
Authors: Aubry Marie‐Christine , Heinrich Michael C. , Molina Julian , Lewis Jean E. , Yang Ping , Cassivi Stephen D. , Corless Christopher L.
Published: October 2007

BACKGROUND.

Primary pulmonary adenoid cystic carcinomas (ACCs) are rare lung neoplasms that are challenging to completely resect and can exhibit poor survival. Adjuvant therapy is often ineffective and identification of a targeted novel therapy would be useful. The objective of the current study was to evaluate KIT expression and KIT‐activating mutations.

METHODS.

Primary salivary gland‐type tumors of the lung diagnosed between 1972 and 2002 at the Mayo Clinic were identified and the subset of primary pulmonary ACCs were reviewed. Immunohistochemical study for KIT expression and KIT gene mutations in exons 9, 11, 13, and 17 were performed on paraffin‐embedded tissue.

RESULTS.

Forty‐nine patients were diagnosed with primary pulmonary ACC. The majority of ACC cases were predominantly the cribriform type (74.4%). KIT immunoreactivity was evaluated in 34 cases and was found to be present in all but 1 case (97%). No mutations were detected in KIT gene exons 9, 11, 13, and 17 in a subset of 12 cases.

CONCLUSIONS.

Although KIT expression was found frequently in primary pulmonary ACC, a correlation with KIT‐activating mutations was not observed. Cancer 2007. Published 2007 by the American Cancer Society
Study of radiolabeled indium‐111 and yttrium‐90 ibritumomab tiuxetan in primary central nervous system lymphoma
Authors: Iwamoto Fabio M. , Schwartz Jazmin , Pandit‐Taskar Neeta , Peak Scott , Divgi Chaitanya R. , Zelenetz Andrew D. , Humm John , Abrey Lauren E.
Published: October 2007

BACKGROUND.

Therapeutic options for refractory or recurrent primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) are limited. The blood–brain barrier makes many agents used in systemic lymphomas ineffective in CNS lymphomas. The objective of this study was to determine whether intravenous radioimmunotherapy using anti‐CD20 antibody can be delivered to PCNSL.

METHODS.

This was a single‐institution prospective study. Indium‐111 ibritumomab tiuxetan was used for imaging and dosimetry. Yttrium‐90 ibritumomab tiuxetan at doses of 0.3 to 0.4 mCi/kg were subsequently given for the treatment of recurrent or refractory PCNSL. 111In data were used to estimate radiation doses to lesions delivered by 90Y ibritumomab tiuxetan therapy.

RESULTS.

Six patients (4 men, 2 women) with a median age of 60 years and median Karnofsky performance status of 70 received both indium‐111 and yttrium‐90 ibritumomab tiuxetan. The median absorbed dose delivered to the CNS lymphoma was 701 cGy compared with 70 cGy to normal brain. The median progression‐free and overall survival times were 6.8 weeks and 14.3 weeks, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS.

The results from this study suggest that it may be feasible to deliver radiolabeled monoclonal anti‐CD20 antibodies as a component of therapy for PCNSL. Cancer 2007. © 2007 American Cancer Society.
Boundary contour method fracture analysis of bimaterial interface cracks
Authors: Phan A.‐V. , Mukherjee S.
Published: October 2007

A variant of the boundary element method, called the boundary contour method (BCM), offers a further reduction in dimensionality. Consequently, boundary contour analysis of two‐dimensional (2‐D) problems does not require any numerical integration at all. The method is thus very computationally effective and accurate as shown in previous related studies. This paper presents a further development of the BCM for multi‐region problems in 2‐D elasticity, and an application of this development, coupled with the displacement correlation technique, to evaluating the stress intensity factors K1 and K2 for bimaterial interface cracks. Some preliminary tests conducted within this work suggest that the proposed technique is robust and able to provide highly accurate results of both K1 and K2 for this challenging class of fracture problems. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Semantic knowledge facilities for a web‐based recipe database system supporting personalization
Authors: Wang Liping , Li Qing , Dong Guozhu , Li Yu
Published: October 2007

The recent explosive proliferation of interesting and useful data over the Web such as various recipes, while providing people with readily available information, brings out a challenging issue on how to manage such non‐conventional data effectively. To respond to the challenge, we have been developing a Web‐based recipe database system calledDish_Masterto manage recipes in a novel way, which not only covers the static recipe attributes but also elucidates the dynamic cooking behaviors. In this paper, we present several semantic knowledge facilities devised inDish_Master, including a set of semantic modeling and knowledge constructs to effectively represent recipe data, rules and constraints, and user profile aspects. With such a rich set of semantic knowledge facilities,Dish_Masterlays down a solid foundation of providing users with personalized services such as adaptation and recommendation. Users can benefit from the system's real‐time consultation and automatic summarization of cuisine knowledge. The usefulness and elegance ofDish_Masterare demonstrated through an experimental prototype system. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Oriented Bicrystalline GaN Nanowire Arrays suitable for Field Emission Applications
Authors: Chen Z. , Cao C. B. , Zhu H. S.
Published: October 2007

Oriented bicrystalline GaN nanowire arrays are synthesized by a catalytic carbon thermal reduction process. The bicrystalline structure is composed of (001) planes and the twin angle is 124°. Field‐emission measurements show that the oriented bicrystalline GaN nanowire arrays produce a current density of 10 μA/cm2 at a lower turn‐on fields of 8 V/μm. It suggests that the oriented bicrystalline GaN nanowire capped with catalyst particle arrays can serve as a promising candidate for field emission emitters.
Large Area Growth of Aligned CNT Arrays on Spheres: Towards Large Scale and Continuous Production
Authors: Xiang R. , Luo G. H. , Qian W. Z. , Wang Y. , Wei F. , Li Q.
Published: October 2007

A novel strategy for the large scale, continuous production of aligned carbon nanotube arrays using millimeter‐diameter spheres as growth substrates is reported (see figure and cover). The present technique is more productive than the conventional process on flat wafers because of the higher available growth surface and the good fluidity of the spherical substrates. It can be adapted for the industrial production and application of aligned carbon nanotube arrays with lengths of up to one millimeter.
Influence of Growth Temperature and Carrier Flux on the Structure and Transport Properties of Highly Oriented CrO2 on Al2O3 (0001)
Authors: Sousa P. M. , Dias S. A. , Conde O. , Silvestre A. J. , Branford W. R. , Morris B. , Yates K. A. , Cohen L. F.
Published: October 2007

In this work we report on the structure and magnetic and electrical transport properties of CrO2 films deposited onto (0001) sapphire by atmospheric pressure (AP)CVD from a CrO3 precursor. Films are grown within a broad range of deposition temperatures, from 320 to 410 °C, and oxygen carrier gas flow rates of 50–500 sccm, showing that it is viable to grow highly oriented a‐axis CrO2 films at temperatures as low as 330 °C i.e., 60–70 °C lower than is reported in published data for the same chemical system. Depending on the experimental conditions, growth kinetic regimes dominated either by surface reaction or by mass‐transport mechanisms are identified. The growth of a Cr2O3 interfacial layer as an intrinsic feature of the deposition process is studied and discussed. Films synthesized at 330 °C keep the same high quality magnetic and transport properties as those deposited at higher temperatures.
Atmospheric Pressure MOCVD of Thin Fe Films on Carbon Fibers
Authors: Luo J.‐H. , Luo R.‐Y. , Zhang W.‐G.
Published: October 2007

Thin iron films grown on carbon fibers were prepared by atmospheric pressure (AP), metal‐organic (MO) CVD, which was conducted under pure hydrogen/argon atmospheres. Their crystalline structures and morphologies were characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. The film growth and structure, as a function of the deposition temperature, hydrogen gas flow rate, and precursor sublimation rate, were investigated. It was concluded that the optimum control of the three above mentioned process parameters was important and essential for obtaining high‐quality iron film. Based on these analyses and results, a possible deposition mechanism was proposed.
Low‐Temperature PECVD of Nanodevice‐Grade nc‐3C‐SiC
Authors: Cheng Q. J. , Xu S. Y. , Long J. D. , Ostrikov K.
Published: October 2007

In this work, we report a plasma‐based synthesis of nanodevice‐grade nc‐3C‐SiC films, with very high growth rates (7–9 nm min–1) at low and ULSI technology‐compatible process temperatures (400–550 °C), featuring: (i) high nanocrystalline fraction (67 % at 550 °C); (ii) good chemical purity; (iii) excellent stoichiometry throughout the entire film; (iv) wide optical band gap (3.22–3.71 eV); (v) refractive index close to that of single‐crystalline 3C‐SiC; and (vi) clear, uniform, and defect‐free Si‐SiC interface. The counter‐intuitive low SiC hydrogenation in a H2‐rich plasma process is explained by hydrogen atom desorption‐mediated crystallization.
Genistein and daidzein prevent diabetes onset by elevating insulin level and altering hepatic gluconeogenic and lipogenic enzyme activities in non‐obese diabetic (NOD) mice
Authors: Choi M. S. , Jung U. J. , Yeo J. , Kim M. J. , Lee M. K.
Published: October 2007

Background

Non‐obese diabetic (NOD) mice are regarded as being excellent animal models of human type 1 diabetes or insulin dependent diabetes (IDDM). This study investigated the beneficial effects of genistein and daidzein on IDDM, an autoimmune disease.

Methods

Female NOD mice were divided into control, genistein (0.02%, w/w) and daidzein (0.02%, w/w) groups. Blood glucose level, plasma biomarkers, hepatic glucose and lipid regulating enzyme activities and pancreas immunohistochemistry analysis were examined after a 9‐week experimental period.

Results

Blood glucose levels of genistein and daidzein groups were 40 and 36% of control value at the end of study (9th week). The genistein and daidzein supplements increased insulin/glucagon ratio and C‐peptide level with preservation of insulin staining β‐cell of pancreas in the NOD mice. In the liver, genistein and daidzein supplements resulted in lowering glucose‐6‐phosphatase (G6Pase) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) activities, while increasing two lipogenic enzymes activities, malic enzyme and glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), compared to the control group. Significantly, genistein and daidzein supplementation lowered the activities of fatty acid β‐oxidation and carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT) in these mice. Genistein and daidzein also improved plasma triglyceride and free fatty acid (FFA) concentrations compared to the control group.

Conclusions

These results suggest that genistein and daidzein play important roles in regulation of glucose homeostasis in type 1 diabetic mice by down‐regulating G6Pase, PEPCK, fatty acid β‐oxidation and CPT activities, while up‐regulating malic enzyme and G6PD activities in liver with preservation of pancreatic β‐cells. The supplementation of genistein and daidzein are seemingly helpful for preventing IDDM onset. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
One‐Pot Synthesis of an Enantiopure N,N,O Scorpionate Ligand Derived from (+)‐Camphor
Authors: Elflein Johannes , Platzmann Florian , Burzlaff Nicolai
Published: October 2007

A one‐pot synthesis of the new enantiopure heteroscorpionate ligand HOPhbpm3cam (3) was described. Ligand 3 was obtained in a pyridine‐catalysed Peterson rearrangement starting from camphorpyrazole, thionyl chloride, and salicylaldehyde. κ2‐ and κ3‐coordination of the ligand was observed, and the ligand was shown to form a tetrahedral zinc complex [Zn‐κ3‐(OPhbpm3cam)CH3] (4) as well as an octahedral rhenium complex [Re‐κ3‐(OPhbpm3cam)(CO)3] (6). (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Synthesis and Rearrangement of 1,2,3‐Triheteroaryl(aryl)‐Substituted Aziridines
Authors: Pindinelli Emanuela , Pilati Tullio , Troisi Luigino
Published: October 2007

Aziridines carrying three (or two) heteroaryl groups with electron‐withdrawing effects were synthesised with sufficient diastereoselectivity. The cis aziridines are susceptible to ring opening and rearrangement when the formation of secondary enamines in stable hexacyclic structures with a N–H···N hydrogen bond is possible. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
A Temporary Stereocentre Approach for the Stereodivergent Synthesis of Either Enantiomer of α‐Methyloctanal
Authors: Niyadurupola D. Gangani , Davies Iwan R. , Wisedale Richard , Bull Steven D.
Published: October 2007

The aldol reaction of a chiral N‐(acyl)oxazolidin‐2‐one with 2‐methyleneoctanal or (E)‐2‐methyloct‐2‐enal affords chiral aldol products whose alkene functionalities were hydrogenated using Brown's or Wilkinson's catalyst to afford syn‐ or anti‐selective products with excellent levels of diastereocontrol. Subsequent retro‐aldol cleavage of these syn‐ or anti‐adducts resulted in the formation of either (R)‐ or (S)‐enantiomer of α‐methyloctanal with no racemisation occurring, which could be derivatised in‐situ to afford chiral dithiane, alcohol or α,β‐unsaturated ester products in enantiopure form.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Simultaneous determination of different classes of antibiotics in fish and livestock by CE‐MS
Authors: Juan‐García Ana , Font Guillermina , Picó Yolanda
Published: October 2007

A specific CE‐MS method was developed for the simultaneous determination of 12 antibacterial residues (four sulfonamides: sulfamethazine, sulfathiazole, sulfadiazine, and sulfachlorpyridazine; four β‐lactams: amoxicillin, ampicillin, oxacillin, and penicillin V, and four quinolones: danofloxacin, enrofloxacin, ofloxacin, and flumequine) in fish and livestock. Separation conditions, sheath liquid composition and electrospray parameters were optimized to obtain adequate CE separation and a high sensitivity. CE employed a 75 cm long fused‐silica capillary (50 cm thermostated plus 25 cm at room temperature) 75 μm id and a 60 mM ammonium acetate separation buffer at pH 8 with 10% of methanol. The minimum number of identification points, according to the 2002/657/EC European Decision, was achieved using an IT in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. For quantification in meat and fish samples, a two‐step procedure was developed using ACN to extract the antibacterials and to precipitate the proteins and dispersive SPE, with C18 to clean up the extract. External matrix matched calibration curves were used to achieve accurate quantitative results. The LODs and LOQs (below 18 and 50 ng/kg, respectively) were in all cases lower than the maximum residue limits for these compounds in meat and fish. The recoveries ranged from 78 to 97% and the precision with RSDs lower than 18% indicate the potential of CE‐MS for the analysis of multiclass antibacterial residues in food. The method was applied to meat and fish samples taken from markets, slaughterhouses, and fish farms.
Estimating the number of ozone peaks in Mexico City using a non‐homogeneous Poisson model
Authors: Achcar Jorge A. , Fernández‐Bremauntz Adrián A. , Rodrigues Eliane R. , Tzintzun Guadalupe
Published: October 2007

In this paper, we consider the problem of estimating the number of times an air quality standard is exceeded in a given period of time. A non‐homogeneous Poisson model is proposed to analyse this issue. The rate at which the Poisson events occur is given by a rate function λ(t),t ≥ 0. This rate function also depends on some parameters that need to be estimated. Two forms of λ(t),t ≥ 0 are considered. One of them is of the Weibull form and the other is of the exponentiated‐Weibull form. The parameters estimation is made using a Bayesian formulation based on the Gibbs sampling algorithm. The assignation of the prior distributions for the parameters is made in two stages. In the first stage, non‐informative prior distributions are considered. Using the information provided by the first stage, more informative prior distributions are used in the second one. The theoretical development is applied to data provided by the monitoring network of Mexico City. The rate function that best fit the data varies according to the region of the city and/or threshold that is considered. In some cases the best fit is the Weibull form and in other cases the best option is the exponentiated‐Weibull. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The characteristic‐based split (CBS) scheme for viscoelastic flow past a circular cylinder
Authors: Liu Chun‐Bin , Nithiarasu P.
Published: October 2007

A fully explicit, characteristic‐based split (CBS) method for viscoelastic flow past a circular cylinder, placed in a rectangular channel, is presented. The pressure equation in its explicit form is employed via an artificial compressibility parameter. The constitutive equations used here are based on the Oldroyd‐B model. No loss of convergence to steady state was observed in any of the results presented in this paper. Comparison of the present results with other available numerical data shows that the CBS algorithm is in excellent agreement with them at lower Deborah numbers. However, at higher Deborah numbers, the present results differ from other numerical solutions. This is due to the fact that the positive definitiveness of the conformation matrix is lost between a Deborah number of 0.6 and 0.7. However, the positive definitiveness is retained when an artificial diffusion is added to the discrete constitutive equations at higher Deborah numbers. It appears that the fractional solution stages used in the CBS scheme and the higher‐order time step‐based convection stabilization clearly reduce the instability at higher Deborah numbers. The Deborah number limit reached in the present work is three without artificial dissipation and two with artificial dissipation. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Numerical dissipation of upwind schemes in low Mach flow
Authors: Thornber B. J. R. , Drikakis D.
Published: October 2007

This paper presents a modified Roe scheme for the simulation of multicomponent compressible flows with low Mach features. This modification reduces the excess dissipation of kinetic energy in Godunov‐type methods at low Mach. The modification is shown to work effectively to Ma=0.0002 using a single‐mode Kelvin–Helmholtz instability as a test case, and reproduces the correct Ma2 incompressible pressure scaling. Computational expense is negligible. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Neonatal and adult microglia cross‐present exogenous antigens
Authors: Beauvillain Celine , Donnou Sabrina , Jarry Ulrich , Scotet Mari , Gascan Hugues , Delneste Yves , Guermonprez Pierre , Jeannin Pascale , Couez Dominique
Published: October 2007

Some observations have suggested that cells from the central nervous system (CNS) could present exogenous antigens on major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules to CD8+ T cells (a process called cross‐presentation). Microglia are the major myeloid immunocompetent cells of the CNS. When activated, following the injury of the nervous parenchyma, they become fully competent antigen‐presenting cells (APC) that prime CD4+ T lymphocytes. We therefore tested the cross‐presentation capacity of murine microglia. We report that a microglial cell line (C8‐B4), neonatal microglia, and interestingly adult microglia cross‐present soluble exogenous antigen (ovalbumin) to a OVA‐specific CD8+ T‐cell hybridoma and cross‐prime OVA‐specific naive OT‐1 CD8+ T cells. In both these cases, C8‐B4 and neonatal microglia cross‐present OVA as well as peritoneal macrophages. Although cross‐presentation by adult microglia is less efficient, it is increased by GM‐CSF and CpG oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) stimulation. Using microglial cells either exposed to an inhibitor of proteasome, lactacystin, or purified from TAP−/− mice, we demonstrate that the microglia cross‐present antigen in proteasome‐ and TAP‐dependant pathways, respectively. Last, microglia purified from adult mice injected intracerebrally with OVA efficiently stimulate OVA‐specific CD8+ T cells, thereby showing that microglia take up and process exogenous antigen into MHC class I in vivo. This first demonstration of the cross‐presentation property of microglia offers novel therapeutic approaches to modulate CD8 T‐cell responses in the brain. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A study of creative tension of engineering students in Korea
Authors: Chang Yoon , Kantola Jussi , Vanharanta Hannu
Published: October 2007

The aim of this research was to study the nature of creative tension of engineering students in South Korea. The creative tension was analyzed according to relevant competences in project managers' work role. Most of the subjects who participated in this study were part‐time students who worked as managers in manufacturing and industrial companies. The application used for collecting and analyzing data was the project managers' work‐role–based competence application, Cycloid. Data were collected on the Internet by self‐evaluation. The constructed competence model of the Cycloid application was added into the Evolute self‐evaluation system utilizing fuzzy logic. The application was able to identify students' current state and personal aims and the creative tension essential for their personal development. The Cycloid application can be utilized in developing the professional competencies of individuals, teams, and organizations. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Hum Factors Man 17: 511–520, 2007.
Toward the measure of organizational virtuality
Authors: Trzcieliński Stefan , Wojtkowski Wita
Published: October 2007

In this article we propose that organizational virtuality can be considered as a set of external as well as internal attributes. We focus on the attributes of internal virtuality, identify their possible dimensions, and refer to those as degrees of freedom. First we consider, in general terms, external and internal aspects of virtuality. Next we discuss organizational structures and introduce possible dimensions of virtuality that include the typology of the professional competencies. The dimensions of virtuality we introduce allow us to construct a multidimensional space of organizational virtuality. By means of this space we are able to convey the different degrees of organizational virtuality and offer some examples. In the final section of the article we test our constructs on real organizations and show a number of results concerning our measures of organizational virtuality. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Hum Factors Man 17: 575–586, 2007.
Non‐suicidal self‐injury: An introduction
Authors: Klonsky E. David
Published: October 2007

This issue of Journal of Clinical Psychology: In Session is devoted to the assessment and treatment of non‐suicidal self‐injury (henceforth self‐injury). In this introductory article, the author describes the scope of behaviors referenced by the term self‐injury, establishes the historical and current relevance of self‐injury for clinical practice, and summarizes the articles that appear in this issue. Self‐injury is the intentional destruction of body tissue without suicidal intent and for purposes not socially sanctioned. This issue addresses many aspects of self‐injury, including its prevalence, functions, assessment, and treatment. The articles feature case illustrations and treatment recommendations, and all have direct implications for clinical practice. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol: In Session 63: 1039–1043, 2007.
Targeting emotion dysregulation in the treatment of self‐injury
Authors: Gratz Kim L.
Published: October 2007

Clinically useful definitions of emotion regulation with respect to deliberate self‐harm (referred to here as self‐injury) focus on adaptive ways of responding to emotional distress rather than on the control of emotions or dampening of emotional arousal. According to one such definition, emotion regulation is a multifaceted construct involving a) the awareness, understanding, and acceptance of emotions; b) ability to engage in goal‐directed behaviors, and inhibit impulsive behaviors, when experiencing negative emotions; c) the flexible use of situationally appropriate strategies to modulate the intensity and/or duration of emotional responses rather than to eliminate emotions entirely; and d) willingness to experience negative emotions as part of pursuing meaningful activities in life (Gratz & Roemer, 2004). This article addresses the role of emotion dysregulation in self‐injury and discusses two treatments for self‐injury that explicitly focus on increasing emotion regulation. These treatments are based on the premise that the reduction of emotion dysregulation will decrease the need for maladaptive behaviors that function to regulate emotions, such as self‐injury. A case illustration describing how one of these treatments (an acceptance‐based, emotion regulation group therapy) is used to treat self‐injury is provided. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol: In Session 63: 1091–1103, 2007.
Psychodynamic treatments of self‐injury
Authors: Levy Kenneth N. , Yeomans Frank E. , Diamond Diana
Published: October 2007

The authors address psychodynamic therapies, particularly transference‐focused psychotherapy (TFP), in the treatment of patients who present with non‐suicidal self‐injury. In doing so, they briefly discuss various psychodynamic approaches with empirical evidence for their effectiveness. They describe TFP, including its treatment rationale, putative change mechanisms, and outcome research. They then present a case illustration of a patient with borderline personality disorder who engages in non‐suicidal self‐injury to demonstrate how TFP can be applied to such cases. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol: In Session 63: 1105–1120, 2007.
The internet and self‐injury: What psychotherapists should know
Authors: Whitlock Janis , Lader Wendy , Conterio Karen
Published: October 2007

The Internet affords information gathering and sharing previously impossible. For individuals who practice self‐injury, this capacity allows rapid identification of others with shared history, experience, and practices. For many of those who self‐injure, the ability to find others like themselves reduces the isolation and loneliness that so often characterizes the behavior. For others, however, active participation in online communities may effectively substitute for the real work required to develop positive coping and healthy relationships. Our experience suggests that regular assessment of self‐injury Internet use is uncommon in therapeutic settings. Proliferation of self‐injury message boards, informational Web sites, blogs, and YouTube posts is a clinical challenge. In this article, we review the research on self‐injury and Internet use and then make a series of recommendations for clinicians. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol: In Session 63: 1135–1143, 2007.
The effect of the prevailing weather on the statistics of atmospheric temperature inversions
Authors: Milionis A. E. , Davies T. D.
Published: October 2007

The unanimously accepted dependence of the static stability of the lower troposphere on the prevailing weather has, so far, not been expressed quantitatively. This work is the first systematic attempt at expressing this dependence quantitatively. Two weather classifications, an index expressing the activity of the atmospheric temperature inversion layers, and various other inversion statistics are considered for this purpose. Radiosonde data from Hemsby (UK) are used. Lamb's weather classification, which is used initially, shows clear differences in the statistics of inversions for different weather classes. The anticyclonic class is associated with the maximum activity, and the cyclonic class with the minimum activity. The weather class is also shown to affect the vertical variation of the activity of inversions. Differences in the activity of inversions due to the weather class are maximized in the layer 900–800 mb. Given that it is within this layer where the top of the atmospheric boundary layer is usually found, this result is of particular importance for air pollution modelling. An alternative weather classification is also used with the objective of associating inversion statistics not just to a particular weather type, but also to the physical reasons that are responsible for their formation. This classification shows that, in the absence of an anticyclone, the activity of inversions is rather independent of the prevailing weather pattern. However, when the anticyclonic category is also included, the differences become significant. As the results of this work express quantitatively the strong dependence of inversion statistics on the prevailing weather, they can be used for the creation of correction factors for many characteristics related to an inversion climatology (e.g. for the annual cycle of the activity of inversions). Such corrections are necessary in cases where the weather types in the study period do not reflect their frequency in the average climate. Copyright © 2007 Royal Meteorological Society
Relict rock glaciers and protalus lobes in the British Isles: implications for Late Pleistocene mountain geomorphology and palaeoclimate
Authors: Harrison Stephan , Whalley Brian , Anderson Edward
Published: October 2007

Many relict rock glaciers and protalus lobes have been described in mountainous areas of the British Isles. This paper reviews their distribution, chronology, supposed origin and development, and places the research within current investigations and knowledge. Rock glaciers and protalus lobes are located in a number of different topographic locations and settings. They developed at the base of steep cliffs following the catastrophic failure of rock faces, at the base of scree slopes following the gradual accumulation of rock debris and in association with glaciers. Protalus lobes probably developed in response to the permafrost creep of talus material while rock glaciers formed through the deformation and sliding of large bodies of buried ice. Rock glaciers probably developed, or were last active, during the Younger Dryas, although the possibility exists that some of these landforms are Dimlington Stadial in age. The development of protalus lobes during the Younger Dryas suggests that precipitation levels were low and permafrost was widespread during this time. The lack of rock glaciers (sensu stricto) in the British Isles compared with other mountain areas is believed to be a consequence of the rock type and relative scarcity of weathered debris for their formation rather than a lack of suitable sites or appropriate environmental conditions. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quaternary deformations along the ‘Engadine–Gruf tectonic system’, Swiss–Italian Alps
Authors: Tibaldi Alessandro , Pasquarè Federico A.
Published: October 2007

The Engadine Line (EL) is a seismically active fault in southeastern Switzerland. In the field we studied its western segment, presently not affected by seismicity but characterised by features suggesting neotectonic motions, and the coterminous Gruf Line. Uphill‐ and downhill‐facing scarps, offset rivers, non‐equilibrium hydrological conditions and aligned deep‐seated gravitational slope deformations are dominant in the western sector of the EL in the Inn Valley. Landform offsets and the most recent fault striations point to oblique left‐lateral strike‐slip. Close to the EL, at the Maloja Pass, a huge collapse beheaded the Inn Valley. Trench excavation with palaeoseismic analysis, stratigraphic correlations of Quaternary deposits and optically stimulated luminescence dating indicate that the collapse and faulting mostly occurred in the Late Pleistocene. In the Bregaglia Valley, the Gruf Line stretches along the southwestern extension of the EL. Six deep‐seated gravitational slope deformations developed along the Gruf Line and were dated to pre‐ and post‐Last Glacial Maximum times. We suggest that the western sector of the EL moved also in a Pleistocene time interval during which tectonic forces in the area were probably larger than at present, favouring local uplift, widespread gravity deformation, and retrogressive slope failure at the Inn Valley head. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dissipative parabolic equations in locally uniform spaces
Authors: Arrieta J. M. , Cholewa J. W. , Dlotko Tomasz , Rodríguez–Bernal A.
Published: October 2007

The Cauchy problem for a semilinear second order parabolic equation ut = Δu + f (x, u,∇u), (t, x) ∈ ℝ+ × ℝN , is considered within the semigroup approach in locally uniform spaces $ {\dot W}^{s,p}_U $ (ℝN ). Global solvability, dissipativeness and the existence of an attractor are established under the same assumptions as for problems in bounded domains. In particular, the condition sf (s, 0) < 0, |s | > s0 > 0, together with gradient's “subquadratic” growth restriction, are shown to guarantee the existence of an attractor for the above mentioned equation. This result cannot be located in the previous references devoted to reaction‐diffusion equations in the whole of ℝN . (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A limit theorem for randomly stopped independent increment processes on separable metrizable groups
Authors: Becker–Kern Peter , Pap Gyula
Published: October 2007

In the spirit of the classical random central limit theorem a general limit theorem for random stopping in the scheme of infinitesimal triangular arrays on a separable metrizable group is presented. The approach incorporates and generalizes earlier results for normalized sequences of independent random variables on both separable Banach spaces and simply connected nilpotent Lie groups originated by Siegel and Hazod, respectively. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
On certain character sums over p ‐adic rings and their L ‐functions
Authors: Blache Régis
Published: October 2007

In this paper we present a new method for evaluating exponential sums associated to a restricted power series in one variable modulo pl , a power of a prime. We show that for sufficiently large l, these sums can be expressed in terms of Gauss sums. Moreover, we study the associated L ‐functions; we show that they are rational, then we determine their degrees and the weights as Weil numbers of their reciprocal roots and poles. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A Sturm–Liouville problem depending rationally on the eigenvalue parameter
Authors: Jonas Peter , Trunk Carsten
Published: October 2007

We consider the Sturm–Liouville problem (1.1) and (1.2) with a potential depending rationally on the eigenvalue parameter. With these equations a λ ‐linear eigenvalue problem is associated in such a way that L2‐solutions of (1.1), (1.2) correspond to eigenvectors of a linear operator. If the functions q and u are real and satisfy some additional conditions, the corresponding linear operator is a definitizable self‐adjoint operator in some Krein space. Moreover we consider the problem (1.1) and (1.3) on the positive half‐axis. Here we use results on the absense of positive eigenvalues for Sturm–Liouville operators to exclude critical points of the associated definitizable operator. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Global convoluted semigroups
Authors: Kostić M. , Pilipović S.
Published: October 2007

Global exponentially bounded convoluted semigroups in Banach spaces are systematically treated with the help of Laplace transform. A perturbation theorem in this context is proved and some characterizations of the introduced class of analytic convoluted semigroups are obtained. Illustrative examples of generators of convoluted semigroups, including differential operators, are presented. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
p107 acts as a tumor suppressor in pRb‐deficient epidermis
Authors: Lara M. Fernanda , Santos Mirentxu , Ruiz Sergio , Segrelles Carmen , Moral Marta , Martínez‐Cruz Ana Belén , Hernández Pilar , Martínez‐Palacio Jesús , Lorz Corina , García‐Escudero Ramón , Paramio Jesús M.
Published: October 2007

The specific deletion of Rb gene in epidermis leads to altered proliferation and differentiation, but not to the development of spontaneous tumors. Our previous data have demonstrated the existence of a functional compensation of Rb loss by Rbl1 (p107) in as the phenotypic differences with respect to controls are intensified. However, the possible evolution of this aggravated phenotype, in particular in relationship with tumorigenesis, has not been evaluated due to the premature death of the double deficient mice. We have now investigated whether p107 can also act as a tumor suppressor in pRb‐deficient epidermis using different experimental approaches. We found spontaneous tumor development in doubly‐deficient skin grafts. Moreover, Rb‐deficient keratinocytes are susceptible to Ha‐ras‐induced transformation, and this susceptibility is enhanced by p107 loss. Further functional analyses, including microarray gene expression profiling, indicated that the loss of p107, in the absence of pRb, produces the reduction of p53‐dependent pro‐apoptotic signals. Overall, our data demonstrate that p107 behaves as a tumor suppressor in epidermis in the absence of pRb and suggest novel tumor‐suppressive roles for p107 in the context of functional p53 and activated Ras. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Erratum: Deficiency in recapitulation of stage‐specific embryonic gene transcription in two‐cell stage cloned mouse embryos
Authors: Vassena Rita , Han Zhiming , Gao Shaorong , Latham Keith E.
Published: October 2007

Due to a mathematical error, the cpm bound values for Figure 2 were calculated incorrectly. The correct figure is presented here.

The original article to which this erratum refers was published in Molecular Reproduction and Development 2007;74(12):1548–1556.
Complete fatty degeneration of lumbar erector spinae muscles caused by a primary dysferlinopathy
Authors: Seror P. , Krahn M. , Laforet P. , Leturcq F. , Maisonobe T.
Published: October 2007

Magnetic resonance imaging of the thoracolumbar spine showed complete fatty degeneration of the lumbar erector spinae muscles in a woman who had complained of chronic lower back pain for 5 years and of progressive weakness of the lower limbs for 1 year. Neuromuscular examination of the lower limbs showed no obvious anomaly, and there was no camptocormia. Serum creatine kinase levels were increased (six‐ to ninefold); electrodiagnostic examination revealed no activity at rest or during effort in the erector spinae muscles and was normal in proximal and distal muscles of the limbs. Muscle computed tomography revealed mild fatty degeneration of thigh and gastrocnemius muscles, and histopathology of the deltoid muscle showed dystrophic features and complete lack of dysferlin. Molecular analysis identified a homozygous disease‐causing mutation in the gene encoding dysferlin. Because there were no similar cases in the family, the final diagnosis was sporadic limb‐girdle muscular dystrophy type 2B. Overall, this case report shows that the lumbar and lower thoracic of erector spinae muscles may display complete fatty degeneration without the occurrence of camptocormia, with primary dysferlin deficiency as a possible cause. Muscle Nerve, 2007
On stabilized finite element methods for the Reissner–Mindlin plate model
Authors: Kouhia Reijo
Published: October 2007

Stabilized finite element formulation for the Reissner–Mindlin plate model is considered. Physical interpretation for the stabilization procedure for low‐order elements is established. Explicit interpolation functions for linear and bilinear stabilized MITC elements are derived. Some numerical examples including buckling and frequency analyses are presented. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nursing staff attitudes towards patients with personality disorder
Authors: Webb Daniel , McMurran Mary
Published: October 2007

Background The Gwylfa Therapy Service is a specialist outpatient personality disorder (PD) service within Gwent Healthcare NHS trust. Among its key functions, the service is required to develop training procedures that improve the attitudes and capabilities of mental health staff working with patients with PD.

Aim The aim was to assess Community Mental Health Team (CMHT) nurses' attitudes to patients with PD, using the Attitude to Personality Disorder Questionnaire (APDQ), and to compare their scores with published APDQ data for nurses and prison officers working with patients with PDs.

Method Participants were nurses recruited from CMHTs (n = 88) and those who volunteered to attend a PD awareness workshop (n = 29). They completed the APDQ.

Results CMHT nurses reported lower feelings of security, acceptance and purpose compared with all other groups, although at the same time they also reported higher levels of enjoyment in working with PD patients. CMHT nurses who volunteered to participate in an awareness workshop reported higher levels of enjoyment, security, acceptance and purpose when working with patients with PD compared to those who did not volunteer.

Discussion CMHT nursing staff require help to feel safer, more accepting and more purposeful when working with patients with PD. Some of these issues may be addressed through the formulation of policies and good practice procedures, but staff also need to be trained for working with people with PD. The next step is to design suitable training and evaluate its effectiveness with respect to how it changes knowledge, attitudes and skills, and, eventually, how this benefits patients. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Protein–protein binding is often associated with changes in protonation state
Authors: Mason Aaron C. , Jensen Jan H.
Published: October 2007

pKa values of ionizable residues have been calculated using the PROPKA method and structures of 75 protein–protein complexes and their corresponding free forms. These pKa values were used to compute changes in protonation state of individual residues, net changes in protonation state of the complex relative to the uncomplexed proteins, and the correction to a binding energy calculated assuming standard protonation states at pH 7. For each complex, two different structures for the uncomplexed form of the proteins were used: the X‐ray structures determined for the proteins in the absence of the other protein and the individual protein structures taken from the structure of the complex (referred to as unbound and bound structures, respectively). In 28 and 77% of the cases considered here, protein–protein binding is accompanied by a complete (>95%) or significant (>50%) change in protonation state of at least one residue using unbound structures. Furthermore, in 36 and 61% of the cases, protein–protein binding is accompanied by a complete or significant net change in protonation state of the complex relative to the separated monomers. Using bound structures, the corresponding values are 12, 51, 20, and 48%. Comparison to experimental data suggest that using unbound and bound structures lead to over‐ and underestimation of binding‐induced protonation state changes, respectively. Thus, we conclude that protein–protein binding is often associated with changes in protonation state of amino acid residues and with changes in the net protonation state of the proteins. The pH‐dependent correction to the binding energy contributes at least one order of magnitude to the binding constant in 45 and 23%, using unbound and bound structures, respectively. Proteins 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.