bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
WASTE MANAGEMENT ON BOARD SEAGOING SHIPS
Authors: POPA LILIANA VIORICA
Published: September 2021

"The reality remains uncomfortable, the climate crisis is coming with extreme phenomena more and more devastating around the globe and more and more people and more and more parts of ecosystems are suffering from the greed of large companies and lack of constructive action and coherent decision-makers.
There are various types of waste generated during operation, and to be able to implement a waste management system, it is necessary to identify and quantify the different types of waste on board.
The purpose of this paper is to examine the responsibilities, management, handling and disposal of ship-generated waste and the requirements for the preparation of an on-board waste management plan.
"
ANALYSIS OF THE ENGINE STRUCTURAL AND THERMAL STRESS
Authors: STAN LIVIU CONSTANTIN
Published: September 2021

The paper aims to analyse the demands of four-stroke naval pistons. To begin with, a brief analysis of the evolution of shipbuilding was made. Mechanical requests are produced by the gas pressure force and inertial force of the alternate moving masses. Under its action the piston suffers an axial deformation. The thermal demands appearing in the engine are all the more important as the engine power is higher. The possibility of calculating them is more difficult due to the complexity of the thermogazodynamic phenomena in the engine cylinder. Thus, in the piston head, which comes in contact with both the hot gases and the fresh (much cooler) load, a non-stationary heat flow is installed which leads to a certain thermal regime of the engine. Considering the demands outlined in the last chapter, they lead to the final conclusion that although the most unfavourable loading situation was considered as the maximum pressure during the processes and even exaggerated in establishing the working conditions, the piston is still close to the elastic limit. This demonstrates that the way of calculating the dimensions of the piston is correct and safe, as long as its constructive dimensions are not oversized.
Aspek Teknis Transfusi Darah
Authors:   Udayana University, Mulyantari Ni Kadek , Suega Ketut ,   Udayana University
Published: September 2021

Keberhasilan transfusi darah ditentukan oleh banyak faktor antara lain faktor pasien, faktor produk darah dan faktor teknis dalam memberikan transfusi darah. Ketiga faktor tersebut harus disiapkan dan dilaksanakan dengan baik sehingga transfusi darah dapat memberikan manfaat yang maksimal dengan risiko seminimal mungkin. Berkaitan dengan risiko pemberian transfusi darah yang kita kenal dengan reaksi transfusi, ada banyak jenis reaksi transfusi baik yang bersifat akut maupun lambat mulai dari reaksi transfusi ringan sampai reaksi transfusi yang mengancam nyama dan menyebabkan kematian pada pasien. Salah satu faktor teknis yang terkadang terabaikan namun berisiko menyebabkan reaksi transfusi dan mengurangi keberhasilan transfusi adalah aspek teknis dalam pemberian transfusi darah. Aspek teknis tersebut meliputi cakupan yang cukup luas mulai dari evaluasi dan penyiapan pasien, order produk darah, identifikasi pasien, pengambilan contoh darah, uji pratransfusi, distribusi dan transportasi produk darah, proses menginfuskan produk darah, monitoring dan penanganan pasien apabila terjadi reaksi transfusi. Dalam buku ini akan diuraikan secara lebih rinci semua aspek teknis dalam memberikan transfusi produk darah.
Formation of physical readiness in students for survival in extreme situations
Authors: Stoycheva Vesela
Published: September 2021

The problem of student survival in extreme situations is very relevant. The future professional activities of students are connected with actions in various potential extreme situations. It is necessary in the process of training at the university in students to form sufficient readiness for adequate actions in diverse extreme scenarios. On the basis of theoretical analysis of various concepts of extreme situations, it is defined as “a complex of environmental conditions requiring certain actions for a certain period of time”. The main factors of the situation are danger and difficulty, and their integral functions are risk and effort, respectively. Situations are external and internal. Physical preparedness is made up of general and special physical qualities determining certain actions in accordance with the demands of extreme situations. The aim of the study is to form physical readiness in students for survival in extreme situations by applying a specialized impact methodology. The formation of physical readiness in students takes place in the process of regular classes in physical education and sport. Certain exercises are included in the individual classes, which have a positive influence on the formation of physical readiness for actions in extreme situations. In summarizing the variational and comparative analysis of the results of the study, it was found that the applied methods of influence in the process of conducting regular classes of students of physical education and sports has positively affected the physical readiness of young people in the experimental group.
Investigation of the physical suitability of employees of the ministry of interior
Authors: Petrovska Yoni
Published: September 2021

The professional activity of the employees in the Special Home for Temporary Accommodation of Foreigners at the Migration Directorate is closely related to their physical, combat, applied preparation, etc. Priority among specialized knowledge and skills is given to physical fitness. The characteristics of the activity show that the successful completion of the various tasks requires the performers to have appropriate motor skills. They are demonstrated as a system of meaningful and purposeful simple or complex movements, which are evaluated based on specific actions. Due to the specifics of the tasks to be solved, professional preparation is necessary. The purpose of the study is to establish the physical fitness of employees in junior executive positions. To assess and establish the level of physical fitness, a sports pedagogical test was conducted with 90 employees with an average age of 42.8 years. The attached test battery includes four tests approved by the Ministry of Interior. Analysis of motor test results in terms of speed, coordination, and endurance are lower in the assessment. This fact gives us reason to believe that in practice not enough purposeful work is done to develop the strength of the lower limbs and endurance.
Extracurricular activities in physical education and sports at school in the Covid-19 conditions
Authors: Borukova Mariana , Kuleva Milena
Published: September 2021

In the educational system of Bulgaria, extracurricular activities are provided and organized in all schools. There are also schools in the education system of Bulgaria that are neither private nor attached to the Ministry of Education. They are foreign schools in Bulgaria that are under the auspices of their embassies and their education system (e.g. French Lyceum, Anglo-American School, Russian School, American College and others). Sports activities are widespread, as it is well known that most European countries, and especially the United States, believe that competitive spirit is crucial in many professional fields, as well as teamwork, which is imperceptibly developing in most sports. The aim of the present study is to examine the opinion of parents of children from the secondary education level regarding extracurricular activities in physical education and sports in the context of COVID-19. Various research methods were used, like review study of specialized literature and normative documents and survey method. As a result, it was concluded that when students are placed in new and different conditions for sports, their desire and interest to play and to be active is not reduced. The created and well-organized safe environment during the classes gives confidence and peace of mind to the parents that their children are safe.
Recognition of fake news in sports
Authors: Dimov Petko
Published: September 2021

This report examines the phenomenon of “fake news” and the influence which disinformation has in the contemporary sports information space. The problem, regarding their wide spread in the contemporary information space and their gradual transition from political life to the world of sports, leads to the necessity of defining and classifying fake news in the sports information space in order to offer a mechanism for their recognition and a practical tool supporting this activity. In the age of fake news, sports stars need security and real connections with the media to improve their performance. With the help of the literary analysis of the specialized sources, examples of disinformation in sports stories have been found, and consequently definitions of fake news, propaganda and disinformation have been proposed. After a review of specialized sources, a classification of ten types of fake news in sports has been made, giving real examples from the lives of Bulgarian athletes. Hence, a simplified seven-step algorithm has been developed to support users' critical thinking and decision-making when evaluating news in the media space. As a result of the proposed classification of “fake news” in sports and the created algorithm, a practical online tool has been created which would help the analysis of given information and the recognition of signs of fake news in online sports media. The tool has been created with the help of the HTML programming language HTML in the form of a webpage which is accessible from anywhere in the world. It is a set of applications that identify all types of fake content in the contemporary information space. This tool can be used to improve the security of athletes and even their game performance.
A memória da Força Expedicionária Brasileira no tempo presente
Authors: Da Silva Pereira Fabio , Alencar Moreira Florence
Published: September 2021

O presente estudo visa analisar a problemática política das práticas educacionais voltadas ao processo histórico da Força Expedicionária Brasileira (FEB), sobretudo no que diz respeito aos currículos. Nesse estudo verificou-se a pouca importância que se dá o estudo da FEB no tempo presente. De caráter descritivo, o objetivo em descrição geral foi de analisar em que medida a FEB consta nos livros escolares da atualidade e nas aulas de História, com abordagem qualitativa. A presente pesquisa registra fatos que repercutem no apagamento da memória do veterano brasileiro na história do tempo presente. O trabalho contou com um referencial bibliográfico de autores sobre a temática, bem como uma breve análise de documentos em sala de aula em pesquisa de campo.
TECNOLOGIAS ASSISTIVAS DIGITAIS COMO FERRAMENTAS PARA A EDUCAÇÃO DE CRIANÇAS COM TRANSTORNO DO ESPECTRO AUTISTA
Authors: VALERIO ADRIANA
Published: September 2021

Aprender a se comunicar é parte essencial do desenvolvimento pleno de todo ser humano, pois é na fala e na linguagem que encontramos mecanismos para desenvolver habilidades capazes de nos inserir em um corpo social. Lamentavelmente, este não é um processo fácil para crianças que apresentam caraterísticas do Transtorno do Espectro Autista, uma vez que, uma das principais particularidades desse distúrbio, é justamente prejudicar o desabrochar da fala e da comunicação em todos os seus aspectos. Contudo, já existem inúmeras ferramentas que se prestam a amenizar os impactos negativos disso, dentre elas se encontram as Tecnologias Assistivas (TAs). Nesse sentido, o presente estudo vem com o objetivo principal de abordar a importância das TAs como facilitadoras do processo educacional de crianças autistas. Para isso, foi utilizada uma pesquisa com abordagem qualitativa, cujo procedimento de coleta de dados pautou-se em estudos bibliográficos e documentais de diversos autores, tais como Couto (2004), Fernandes (2006), Proença, et al. (2019), dentre outros. Ao fim, constatou-se que existem inúmeras Tecnologias Assistivas capazes não só de melhorar o progresso educacional, mas também a qualidade de vida de crianças autistas.
ANÁLISE A PARTIR DO FILME “COMO ESTRELAS NA TERRA” DO ALUNO DISLÉXICO
Authors: BRONZERI ALEXANDRA
Published: September 2021

O presente artigo teve como objetivo a análise sobre a aprendizagem de alunos com distúrbios e/ou transtornos de aprendizagem no âmbito da educação inclusiva. A investigação foi feita a partir do filme “Como estrelas na Terra” (2007) de Aamir Khan, onde é apresentada a realidade de uma criança com alta dificuldade para se concentrar nos estudos, e até em escrever o alfabeto, sendo apenas com a entrada de um professor substituto a busca pela inclusão do aluno começa mesmo contrariado pelos outros professores pela sua metodologia. Como justificava para a análise temos as seguintes questões: Como identificar distúrbios e/ou transtornos de aprendizagem? Qual a melhor forma de inclusão respeitando as diferenças de cada aluno? E como implementar isso na realidade de salas de aula superlotadas? Ademais, temos como resposta o sistema educacional que em muitas vezes se baseia em modelos antigos de ensino, não se abrindo para novas possibilidades de aprendizagem, e consequentemente à exclusão de qualquer outra abordagem que não se enquadra nesses termos.
A PSICOPEDAGOGIA E A CRIANÇA COM TDAH: RELATO DE UM CASO
Authors: MAYER CRISTINA
Published: September 2021

O presente artigo tem como objetivo principal apresentar e discutir o Transtorno de Déficit de Aprendizagem e Hiperatividade (TDAH) sob o olhar da psicopedagogia e como o psicopedagogo pode auxiliar para o desenvolvimento de habilidades e competências importantes à aprendizagem dos conteúdos escolares e para formação integral do aluno portador de TDAH, trabalhando conjuntamente o cognitivo e o emocional. Nesta perspectiva, oferece ao leitor informações sobre o referido transtorno, suas causas e consequências, seus sintomas e como o mesmo pode interferir na aprendizagem escolar. Outra contribuição da monografia está em proporcionar ao leitor algumas possibilidades de intervenções psicopedagógicas voltadas à superação ou minimização das dificuldades vividas pelo portador de TDAH.
ANÁLISE DA PERSONAGEM PATO DONALD E VARIAÇÃO LINGUÍSTICA
Authors: BARRA LAÍS
Published: September 2021

Este trabalho tem como intuito o estudo das variações linguísticas na personagem do Pato Donald. Quando completou 70 anos já era considerado uma celebridade em nosso país, desde sua participação nos três filmes em que contracenou com Zé Carioca. Em todas essas décadas de existência, ele só tem acumulado sucesso. Foram quase 200 filmes (entre curtas e longas-metragens, tendo ganhado um Oscar por A Face do Führer e sido indicado para outros 11), tiras diárias em centenas de jornais pelo mundo afora, revistas em quadrinhos em vários países, e sua imagem estampada nos mais incontáveis produtos licenciados. Vamos perceber neste trabalho a variação linguística de Pato Donald em cinco décadas e as razões pelas quais elas ocorreram.
AÇÕES PEDAGÓGICAS COM EDUCANDOS QUE APRESENTAM TEA
Authors: QUIRINO LILIAN
Published: September 2021

O tema abordado pretende contribuir para uma reflexão acerca dos distúrbios de aprendizagem no ambiente escolar analisando as relações entre escola, pais e alunos e suas intervenções na aprendizagem desses alunos, destacando também os problemas que envolvem os métodos de ensino e como os pais e a escola podem colaborar com o ensino dos alunos que portam algum tipo de distúrbio de aprendizagem, procurando desenvolver a criança nas áreas que ela tem maior dificuldade. Para os autores citados, aparentemente os defensores da abordagem comportamental preferem a utilização do termo distúrbio, enquanto os construtivistas parecem ser adeptos do termo dificuldade. Ainda de acordo com os autores, aparentemente a distinção feita entre os termos dificuldades e distúrbios de aprendizagem esteja baseada na concepção de que o termo “dificuldade” está mais relacionado à problemas de ordem psicopedagógica e/ou sócio - culturais, ou seja, o problema não está centrado apenas no aluno, sendo que essa visão é mais frequentemente utilizada em uma perspectiva preventiva; por outro lado, o termo “distúrbio” está mais vinculado ao aluno, na medida em que sugere a existência de comprometimento neurológicos em funções corticais específicas, sendo mais utilizado pela perspectiva clínica ou remediativa.
A IMPORTÂNCIA DO TRABALHO PEDAGÓGICO ENVOLVENDO BRINCADEIRAS
Authors: JANSON MARCIA
Published: September 2021

O referido artigo visa no âmbito social do contexto educacional, proporcionar um conhecimento maior sobre o assunto, esclarecendo que a brincadeira não é apenas divertimento, mas aprendizagem. Por meio deste artigo, pais, educadores e todos aqueles interessados no desenvolvimento e educação de crianças, terão em mãos um instrumento com o qual poderão desfrutar de informações capazes de esclarecer dúvidas e favorecer um processo de aprendizagem mais prazeroso. A discussão sobre as brincadeiras no âmbito escolar se faz com base na perspectiva de estabelecer subsídios que permitam saber de que forma as brincadeiras realizadas na Educação Infantil podem contribuir para o desenvolvimento cognitivo das crianças.
A IMPORTÂNCIA DAS CORES NA EDUCAÇÃO INFANTIL
Authors: COUTO MÔNICA
Published: September 2021

As cores desempenham um papel fundamental na aprendizagem e no desenvolvimento das crianças. Cada um deles nos transmite sensações e emoções. Quando uma criança pinta um quadro, o objetivo é despertar a criatividade, a imaginação e as sensações através da visão. As cores são um elemento significativo na aprendizagem; desde aprender as cores do semáforo, os sinais de alerta, até a localização de um mapa. Normalmente, os seres humanos lembram-se de uma imagem colorida com mais facilidade do que de uma imagem em preto e branco. Sem dúvida as cores sempre fizeram parte do nosso aprendizado, independentemente da idade, aprender com as cores é mais atraente.
REFLEXÕES TEÓRICAS SOBRE EDUCAÇÃO INCLUSIVA: MUDANÇAS DE PARADIGMAS E EXPECTATIVAS DE APRENDIZAGEM
Authors: HISTER VANESSA
Published: September 2021

Educação inclusiva é um tema amplo, relacionado à inclusão e permanência das pessoas com deficiência nos ambientes escolares, mas esse problema vai além desses alunos, uma vez que é um problema de todos que são de alguma forma excluída no processo de escolarização. O presente artigo de revisão bibliográfica busca identificar os meios para efetivar a educação inclusiva, com foco nos anos iniciais do ensino fundamental das escolas públicas, com base em Mantoan (2003) e Lino de Macedo (2005). Atender às necessidades da educação inclusiva tem sido um grande desafio, quais são as mudanças necessárias para ressignificar a práxis pedagógica e construir novos hábitos e padrões? As expectativas precisam ser ampliadas para uma formação mais cultural e de historicidade, com um currículo flexível, uma nova organização do tempo e dos componentes curriculares, mudanças coletivas e individuais, necessárias para ressignificar a educação escolar.
COLON TARGETING APPROACHES: PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE
Authors: Bisht S , Bajaj H ,   Shri Guru Ram Rai institute of Technology & Sciences, Patel Nagar, Dehradun-248001, Uttarakhand.
Published: September 2021

The colon specific drug delivery system is gaining importance not only for local drug delivery of drugs but also for the systemic delivery of protein & peptide drugs. Colon was considered as black-box as most of the drugs are absorbed from upper part of the GI tract. Colon targeting was aimed mainly because of less enzymatic activity and longer transit time. It also has drawbacks like less water content and presence of fecal content. To achieve successful colon targeted drug delivery, a drug needs to be protected from degradation, release and absorption in the upper portion of the GI tract and then to be ensured controlled release in the proximal colon. The various approaches that can be exploited to target the release of drug to the colon including formulation approaches through pH sensitive system are microbial triggered systems i.e., prodrugs and polysaccharide based system, timed release system, osmotically controlled drug system, pressure dependent release system, programmed pulsatile release system and others.
SYNTHESIS AND STRUCTURE-ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIP OF NEW BENZIMIDAZOLE DERIVATIVES AS ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS
Authors:   Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Indira Institute of Pharmacy, Sadavali, Devrukh, Tal: Sangeshwar, Dist: Ratnagiri-415804, M. S. India., Jadhav S. G , Pattan S. R.
Published: September 2021

A new series of substituted benzimidazole derivatives were synthesized and the structures of these compounds were established on the basis of spectral data. The title compounds were evaluated for antimicrobial activity. Some of these compounds have shown excellent antimicrobial activity.
WOUND HEALING ACTIVITY OF THE LEAVES OF WRIGHTIA TINCTORIA (ROXB) R. BR
Authors:   Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Sri Ramakrishna Institute of Paramedical Sciences, 395, Sarojini Naidu Road, New Siddhapudur, Coimbatore - 641 044, Tamil Nadu, India., Divakar M. C. , Lakshmi Devi S
Published: September 2021

The study was aimed to evaluate wound healing activity of 70% ethanolic and methanolic extracts of leaves of Wrightia tinctoria (Roxb) R. Br (Apocynaceae) using incision and excision wound models on Wistar rats. Wound contraction and period of epithelization were assessed in excision wound model whereas wound tensile strength was determined in case of incision wound model. 4% Wrightia tinctoria methanolic leaf extract phytosome exhibited significant wound healing potential when compared with standard 0.2% nitrofurazone ointment.
Focal Nodular Hyperplasia in a Young Male as an Incidental Finding Associated With Acute Lithiasic Chronic Cholecystitis. Case Report and Literature Review
Authors:   Department of Emergency Medicine, Hospital General de Zona No. 89 IMSS, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México, Gómez-Ramos José J. , Ascencio-Rodríguez María G. ,   Department of Pathology, Hospital General de Zona No. 89 IMSS, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México, Marín-Medina Alejandro ,   Department of Molecular Biology and Genomics, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (CUCS), Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México, Alatorre Jimenez Moises Alejandro ,   Department of Pediatrics, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA, Johal Vickramjeet ,   Department of Pediatrics, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA, Esteban-Zubero Eduardo ,   Department of Emergency Medicine, Hospital San Pedro, Logroño, Spain
Published: September 2021

Focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) is considered the second most frequent benign liver tumor with a low prevalence, with a broad predominance in the female population. Most cases are asymptomatic and are often discovered incidentally. Diagnostic imaging through MRI, CT, and ultrasound can be achieved in up to 80% of cases. In some cases, a histopathological study may be necessary, especially in view of the diagnostic uncertainty and suspicion of malignancy. To date, the management of these lesions remains controversial, conservative management is recommended for asymptomatic or small lesions, relegating surgical treatment only in cases of symptomatic lesions or uncertain behavior.
Popliteal artery thrombosis and compartment syndrome in a knee dislocation, a case report
Authors:   Department of Intensive Care Unit, Hospital San Pedro, Logroño, Spain, Vilella-Llop Lucía , Affinito Marianna ,   Department of Occupational Medicine, Hospital San Pedro, Logroño, Spain, Belarra-Gorrochategui José Eugenio ,   Department of Emergency Medicine, Hospital San Pedro, Logroño, Spain
Published: September 2021

Complete knee dislocation (CSF) is an uncommon lesion that should receive immediate attention due to the danger of secondary complications. Anterior dislocations are the most frequently observed, revealing usually concomitant complications of the stabilizing structure of the knee and is often accompanied by neurovascular lesions, including popliteal thrombosis and compartment syndrome. According to that, the literature reveals different approach in the diagnosis process to despite this complications attending to the physical exploration as well as the mechanism of the injury. According to that, closed reduction in the operation room to resolve the dislocation and confirm suspected complications are also suggested. A purpose of a case of a patient with a complete anterior dislocation of the left knee, we summarize a brief review of this pathology.
Antibiotic resistance pattern of Klebsiella pneumoniae in obtained samples from Ziaee Hospital of Ardakan, Yazd, Iran during 2016 to 2017
Authors:   Infectious Diseases Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi Hospital, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran, Ayatollahi Jamshid , Sharifyazdi Mohammad ,   Medical Student, Shahid Sadoughi Hospital, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran, Fadakarfard Razieh ,   Medical Student, Shahid Sadoughi Hospital, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran, Shahcheraghi Seyed Hossein ,   Infectious Diseases Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi Hospital, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
Published: September 2021

Background: In recent years, due to the inappropriate use of antibiotics, drug resistance has increased in gram negative bacilli, including Klebsiella pneumoniae. Drug resistance is associated with an increase in mortality and therapeutic costs. Therefore, determination of an antibiotic resistance pattern for choosing the appropriate treatment for infections caused by this bacterium seems necessary. This study was conducted to determine the antibiotic resistance pattern of Klebsiella pneumoniae species isolated from patients referring to Ziaee Hospital in Ardakan in 2016-2017. Materials and Methods: For this descriptive-analytic study, all positive cultures of Klebsiella pneumoniae in patients referred to Ziaee Hospital in Ardakan during 2016 to 2017, were evaluated. Antibiotic resistance patterns of the samples were determined by the standard method of propagation of the disk from 12 different antibiotics and data analyzed by SPSS 21 software. Results and discussions: The results of this study, which were performed on 75 samples, showed that 22 (29.3%) were male and 53 (70.7%) were female. Klebsiella's resistance to clarithromycin was 100%, but was 100% susceptible to amikacin. The percentage of Klebsiella's resistance to ampicillin was 78.3%, cefalotin 75%, cotrimoxazole 43.9%, ceftriaxone 32%, ciprofloxacin 30.9%, cefotaxime 24%, and ampicillin 20%. The highest sensitivity of Klebsiella pneumoniae for antibiotics was 100% for amikacin, 82.8% for meropenem and 82% for cefepime. Due to the high prevalence of resistance in Klebsiella samples, there is a need for strict measures in the administration of antibiotics. Antibiotic resistance can also be reduced by choosing the appropriate antibiotic for treatment and by taking antibiotic susceptibility tests.
Long-term monitoring of Cancer Mortality Rates in USA: A descriptive analysis using statistical process control tools
Authors:   National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Cairo, Egypt, Rashed Engy Refaat , Eissa Mostafa Essam ,   Independent PhD researcher and Candidate, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Egypt
Published: September 2021

Background: Cancer is one of the most devastating diseases that influence humanity in the modern era. The effect is not confined to morbidity and mortality, but it is also extended to social and economic consequences despite the advancements made in the medical and healthcare fields. The present case overview will focus on the overall long-term assessment of death rates from malignancy from 1960 to 2017 as part of a global study of the mortality trend of this disease. Methods: Statistical analysis and process control methodologies were used to study the death rate trend over this recorded period using statistical programs platform. A combination of techniques that could be used sequentially after database processing and stratification were used including distribution fitting, descriptive statistics, data fitting mathematical pattern, Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) box plot and Individual-Moving Range (I-MR) trending chart. Results: Two-parameter Weibull distribution (or Weibull 2) was the most appropriate that has fitted the distribution pattern of data and used for the construction of the process-behavior chart. The last two decades of the dataset showed a progressive decline in the mortality rates, which were almost linear with a higher magnitude of a negative slope than that of the initial rising pattern from 1960 until the 1990s. The hump-shaped trend showed underlying two distribution clusters: An initial distribution (I) of 81% of data of higher average mortality rates and minor one (II) that covers the last decade of monitoring record. Discussion: A significant improvement in cancer healthcare was witnessed with a noticeable breakthrough in the last decade in the USA.
Therapeutic Efficacy of Functional Task with Unilateral AFO and Knee Gaiter versus Bobath Intervention on Patients Gait Dysfunction in Stroke Population - A Comparative Study
Authors:   Physiotherapist, Physiotherapy center, NIMHANS, Bangalore-29, India, Karthikeyan Thangavelu
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Stroke is defined as sudden onset of focal neurological deficit lasting more than 24 hours duration. There are several complications derived from these illness, including neurological disorders like gait dysfunction. Attending to this problem, some treatments have been developed, including ankle foot orthosis (AFO), knee gaiter and bobath intervention. The aim of this study is to compare the efficacy of functional task in patients affected by stroke. Material and Methods: Timed up and go (TUG) was the measurement evaluated. A total of 10 stroke patient were recruited for the study. 5 (Group A) received treatment with Functional Task Intervention with AFO knee gaiter). Group B (n=5) were treated with Bobath Intervention. The inclusion criteria were unilateral stroke with 3-6 months duration after onset, age limit 45-65 years and ability to comprehend the instructions for testing procedures. The exclusion criteria were bilateral stroke, mental dysfunction, non cooperative patients, cognitive and perceptual dysfunction, visual and auditory impairment and orthopedic disorders that impair ambulation. Results: The pretest mean score of Group A was 30.18 and the post-test mean score was 13.08. On the other hand, group B patients obtained a pre-test mean score of 31.48 and the post-test mean score was 18.04. Conclusion: The result of the present comparative study concluded that the functional task intervention with unilateral AFO and knee gaiter was more effective than Bobath intervention on stroke population.
Study of eosinophil cationic protein serum levels in patients with toxocariasis
Authors:   Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, National Centre of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Sofia, Bulgaria, Kaneva Eleonara Marinova , Harizanov Rumen Nenkov ,   Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, National Centre of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Sofia, Bulgaria, Rainova Iskra Georgieva ,   Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, National Centre of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Sofia, Bulgaria, Kaftandjiev Iskren Tsvetkov ,   Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, National Centre of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Sofia, Bulgaria, Tsvetkova Nina Dimitrova ,   Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, National Centre of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Sofia, Bulgaria
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Toxocariasis is a zoonotic helminth infection with difficult diagnosis. Determination of specific IgG antibodies alone does not allow to establish the disease stage and to evaluate the treatment efficacy. Therefore it is necessary to identify additional markers that will assist the diagnosis. The purpose of our study was to identify and monitor eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) levels in patients with toxocariasis confirmed by serology and to compare our data with the literature to determine the relevance of this protein as an indicator for recent infection and the effectiveness of the therapy. Material and methods: ELISA (CUSABIO) commercial kit was used for determination of ECP concentration. Sixty serum samples were studied from individuals previously tested and confirmed for toxocariasis by the presence of specific anti-Toxocara IgG antibodies in ELISA (Toxocara IgG Rbiopharm) and the presence of specific bands in Western blot as confirmatory test (LD BIO). Twenty serum samples from clinically healthy blood donors were used as a control group. Results: The mean concentration of serum ECP in the patients with toxocariasis was significantly higher than in clinically healthy subjects. Seventy-two percent of patients affected by toxicariasis showed increased serum concentration of ECP. However, no statistically significant differences were observed in terms of age (p = 0.451) and sex (p = 0.682) of the patients or clinical form of the disease. ECP levels among patients with visceral toxocariasis were relatively higher (mean 22.99 ng / ml ± 13.16 SD) in comparison to those with ocular involvement (15.60 ng/ml ± 9.92 SD). Correlation between the presence of peripheral eosinophilia and the concentration of serum ECP was not also established. Conclusion: Data from our study give us reason to believe that serum levels of ECP could serve as an additional marker indicating recent infection, especially in patients without marked increase in the blood eosinophils.
The dark side of Paediatric dentistry: Child abuse
Authors:   Faculty of Health and Sports Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Huesca, Spain, de la Parte-Serna Alejandro Carlos , Oliván-Gonzalvo Gonzalo ,   Social Services Institute of Aragón, Government of Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain, Raluca Fratila Cosmina ,   Faculty of Health and Sports Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Huesca, Spain, Hermoso-Vallespí Mariona ,   Faculty of Health and Sports Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Huesca, Spain, Peiró-Aubalat Andrea ,   Faculty of Health and Sports Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Huesca, Spain, Ortega-Soria Ricardo ,   Pediatrics Emergency Service, HLA Montpellier Hospital, Zaragoza, Spain
Published: September 2021

Background: Children who have been abused could exhibit lesions and diseases in their oral cavity and develop psychological consequences towards the dentist-patient relationship. Objectives: Analyse the oral lesions and diseases, the psychological consequences and understand the role of the dentist in the detection and notification of child abuse. Methods: Systematic review, according to PRISMA statement, with two search strategies in the MEDLINE/PubMed database. 19 publications were included after the application of selection and eligibility criteria. Results: Physical-abuse-related lesions and Münchausen syndrome are not pathognomonic; this requires the detection of indicators of suspicion. Physical-neglect diseases usually have associated other chronic health problems. Specifically, diseases related to sexual abuse are the oral infection caused by Treponema pallidum and Neisseria gonorrhoeae; while other lesions and diseases might only suggest abuse. The most frequent psychological sign of child abuse in the dentist-patient relationship is dental phobia. Typically, when detecting and notifying, dentist face the following barriers: insufficient information; fear of wrong suspicion; impact in the professional practice; fear of consequences on the minor; fear of violence against the dentist; lack of knowledge of necessary documents/procedures; fear of judicial statement. Conclusions: Child-abuse-related lesions and diseases often appear in the oral region. Dentists play a fundamental role in the detection and notification of those. It is essential to establish training and action protocols as well as reliance strategies in the patient-dentist relationship.
How to Use Moulage as a Simulation Tool in Medical Education?
Authors:   Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, College of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia City, Egypt, Elshama Said Said ,   College of Medicine, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
Published: September 2021

The promotion of student engagement in simulation-based learning depends on authenticity, fidelity, and realism. Moulage is a simulation of illnesses or physical signs onto standardized patient or manikin via using makeup techniques or other elements acting as visual and tactile cues to promote learner engagement through more real-world experience. Therefore, moulage may be used broadly in medical education wherein its authenticity helps to improve the learning outcomes and performance of students in different medical branches such as dermatology, surgery, emergency medicine, anatomy, and forensic medicine. Nowadays, Moulage is already used in the assessment of a medical student as well as in the learning process in many medical schools. However, although the use of moulage as a creative simulation tool in medical education has a positive impact on the educational process, it faces many obstacles and challenges at the same time along with its tangible benefits. Therefore, moulage is not magic as well as it is not fantasy or mock, but it is a fantastic vehicle for representing and simulating the real event promoting realism and motivating students' engagement and immersion.
The case of missing punctum
Authors:   Department of Ophthalmology, Shri Lal Bahadur Shastri Government Medical College and Hospital, Nerchowk, Distt. Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, India, Chauhan Anubhav , Wapa Anchit ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Shri Lal Bahadur Shastri Government Medical College and Hospital, Nerchowk, Distt. Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, India, Sharma Deepak ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Shri Lal Bahadur Shastri Government Medical College and Hospital, Nerchowk, Distt. Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, India, Thakur Pankaj ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Shri Lal Bahadur Shastri Government Medical College and Hospital, Nerchowk, Distt. Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, India
Published: September 2021

We report a case of a 25-year-old male with a long history of watering from both the eyes. Complete ocular examination of the patient was carried out under slit lamp. Out of four, three punctums were found absent in our patient. Our case highlights a rare case of epiphora from both the eyes.
NQO1 Enzyme and its Role in Cellular Protection; an Insight
Authors:   Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medical Technology, Tripoli University, Tripoli, Lybia, Atia Ahmed , Abdullah Azman ,   Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre (UKMMC), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Published: September 2021

NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) is considered as one of the most significant enzyme in cellular defense due to its ability to detoxify reactive quinones and quinone imines to their less toxic hydroquinones forms. NQO1 is a xenobiotic metabolizing cytosolic enzyme that catalyzes the reduction of two- or four-electron of numerous exogenous and endogenous quinones by utilizing flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) as a cofactor. NQO1 enzyme exists as a homodimer enzyme and is biochemically identified by its noticeable ability to utilize either NADH or NADPH as reducing cofactors and by its inhibition by anticoagulant agents such as dicumarol. NQO1 is a distinctly inducible enzyme and known to be controlled by the Nrf2-Keap1 pathway. The importance of the antioxidant activities exhibited by NQO1 enzyme in suppressing the oxidative stress status is provided by demonstration that induction or reduction of NQO1 levels are linked with increased and reduced susceptibilities to oxidative stress, respectively. The gene coding for NQO1 has two well-recognized polymorphisms at nucleotide site 609(C-T) and 465 (C-T) of the human cDNA. C609T causes complete loss of enzymatic activity due to protein instability, whereas the C465T results in reduction of the enzyme activity. In this Review, we deliberate the protecting activates of NQO1 and discussing its possible transcriptional pathways regulating its induction by Nrf2-Keap1/ARE system.
Exploring essential oils as prospective therapy against the ravaging Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2)
Authors:   Medicinal Chemistry Research Group, Organic Chemistry Unit, Department of Chemistry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria, Ojah Emmanuel Onah
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Aromatic plants produce diverse chemical constituents with potential to inhibit viral infections. These plants have been utilized for the prevention and treatment of a range of infectious and non-infectious diseases. Essential oils are among the plant-derived antiviral agents that are being employed in phytomedicine, and are considered as prospective drug candidate against the ravaging Coronavirus. Methods: Relevant articles relating to the concept were identified using a combination of manual library search as well as journal publication on the subject and critically reviewed. Results: Essential oils in medicinal plants have extensive applications in medicinal chemistry, aromatherapy and pharmaceuticals. Essential oils have several biological properties such as antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, wound-healing and anti-cancer effects in vitro and in vivo. Several reports have analyzed and described essential oils as good antiviral agents against Respiratory tract viral infections hence are excellent prospective candidate against Corona virus. Conclusions: It is hoped that efficient and effective exploration and optimization of essential oils from medicinal plants would improve the drug discovery process against the ravaging Coronavirus.
The Novel Aspirin as Breakthrough Drug for COVID-19: A Narrative Review
Authors:   Department of Surgery, St Elizabeth Catholic General Hospital, Shisong, Northwestern Region, Cameroon, Alegbeleye Bamidele Johnson , Akpoveso Oke-Oghene Philomena ,   Department of Pharmacology, American International University West Africa, Kainifing, Gambia, Alegbeleye Adewale James ,   Department of Geriantology, Basildon & Thurrock University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Nethermayne-Basildon, United Kingdom, Mohammed Rana Kadhim ,   Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, University of Baghdad, Iraq, Esteban-Zubero Eduardo ,   Emergency Department, Hospital San Pedro, Logroño, Spain
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Aspirin has justifiably been called the first miracle drug. In this article, we highlight the history of Aspirin, a novel mechanism of action, and its use in cardiovascular and other diseases. Also included is a brief statement of emerging new applications. Objective: We highlight principal mechanisms by which Aspirin inhibits acute inflammation and alters platelet-biology; therefore, hypothesized that Aspirin might prove highly beneficial as a novel therapeutic drug for combating severe acute inflammation and thrombosis associated with the cytokine storm in COVID -19 patients. The communiqué also suggests possible strategies for maximizing the gain of Aspirin as a wonder-drug of the future. Discussion: Interestingly, some fascinating studies demonstrated Aspirin's superior benefits with dangerous side effects. Aspirin inhibits COX-1 (cyclooxygenase-1). Its impact on COX-2 is more delicate because it “turns off” COX-2's production of prostaglandins but “switches on” the enzymatic ability to produce novel protective lipid mediators. The established mechanism of action of Aspirin is the inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis. However, further evidence showed that aspirin-elicited nitric oxide exerts anti-inflammatory effects in the microcirculation by inhibiting leukocyte– endothelium interactions. Interestingly, aspirin-triggered lipoxin formation may provide a novel mechanism underlying Aspirin's clinical benefits. Interestingly, Aspirin reduces the risk of a cardiovascular event by about 30 percent. Also, Aspirin has been associated with a reduced risk of colorectal cancer, and possibly a few other digestive tract cancers. Conclusion: The current emerging interest is to conduct further study to provide evidence for Aspirin as the novel therapeutic drug for combating severe acute inflammation and thrombosis associated with the cytokine storm in COVID-19 patients. Besides, the most wanted is The RECOVERY II (Randomized Evaluation of COVID-19 Therapy II) trial to be established as a randomized clinical trial to test the effectiveness of low-dose Aspirin as an anti-inflammatory and antithrombotic treatment in COVID-19 patients.
The ongoing battle against COVID-19
Authors:   Gastroenterology Clinic, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, G-8/3, Islamabad, Pakistan, Hyder Qurratulain , Haider Khawaja Husnain ,   Department of Basic Sciences, SRU, AlQassim, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Published: September 2021

After spillover from Wuhan (China) in December, 2019, SARS-CoV-2 related respiratory disease (COVID-19) has rapidly affected all countries. The pandemic has posed a serious threat to world health resources. At present, there is no recommended treatment or vaccine for SARS-CoV-2. However, various drug combinations are under trial. Reversion to general principles of prevention is the preferred strategy under such circumstances. We discuss the importance of wearing a face mask and present a cost-effective approach for long-term management of COVID-19.
Incidence of Bacterial Skin Infections in Libya: A Retrospective Population-Based Study
Authors:   Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medical Technology, University of Tripoli, Tripoli, Libya, Atia Ahmed , Ashour Abdulsalam ,   Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medical Technology, University of Tripoli, Tripoli, Libya, Shaban Nosaiba ,   Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medical Technology, University of Tripoli, Tripoli, Libya, Omar Fatima ,   Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medical Technology, University of Tripoli, Tripoli, Libya
Published: September 2021

Introduction: The global burden of bacterial skin infection is substantial. We aimed to determine the common pathogens causes skin infections and their antimicrobial resistance pattern. Methods: A retrospective record review of data claimed from the microbiology department at Ber-Ustta Milad skin hospital between Jan 2009 to December 2018 was conducted. The consequence of interest was the antimicrobial sensitivity of bacterial isolates. Chi square was used for statistical analysis. Results: Out of 1,141 collected samples, a total of 455 isolates of different medically-significant bacteria were analyzed. The most common pathogen was S. aureus (97.14%), followed by E. coli (93.71%), and the least common was Shigella (0.57%). From the various inoculated samples, S. aureus and proteus were highly resistant to penicillin (34.3%, 75% respectively) and ampicillin (28.6%, 62.5% respectively). E. coli was highly resistant to ampicillin (45.12%) and penicillin (35.96%), whereas the lowest resistant was against imipenem (3.05%). While, Pseudomonas was highly resistant to ampicillin and augmentin (62.5%), whereas the lowest resistance rate was marked to erythromycin, sulfamethoxazole and imipenem (25%). Ciprofloxacin, gentamicin and nalidixic acid were the only sensitive agents. Conclusions: There is a high burden of bacterial resistance to common antibiotics in our population samples. Recognition of the potential resistant strains of pathogen causing skin infection can help in guiding proper choice of antibiotic therapy.