bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sentimentos de profissionais dos serviços de pronto-socorro pediátrico: reflexões sobre o burnout
Authors: Feliciano Katia Virginia de Oliveira , Kovacs Maria Helena , Sarinho Sílvia Wanick
Published: January 2006

OBJETIVOS: conhecer os sentimentos de profissionais dos serviços de pronto-socorro infantil diante das situações de trabalho, focalizando os componentes do burnout: exaustão emocional, falta de envolvimento pessoal e despersonalização. MÉTODOS: pesquisa qualitativa realizada, na cidade do Recife, de março a julho de 2003, em cinco unidades públicas de referência, utilizando análise de conteúdo para compreender os "núcleos de sentido" das mensagens de 40 entrevistas semi-estruturadas com pediatras e sete enfermeiras da urgência/emergência. RESULTADOS: nesses relatos convivem sentimentos díspares: cansaço, esgotamento, angústia e revolta pela sobrecarga e limitações dos recursos frente às situações que envolvem risco de vida, permeados pela satisfação de gostar do que fazem e reconhecimento da própria utilidade; temor de cometer enganos fatais; desqualificação profissional quando comparam remuneração com responsabilidade e esforço empregado; exposição ao risco de agressão e indiciamento judicial alimentando desesperança e vulnerabilidade; e vínculo afetivo com trabalho. Esboçam-se, sobretudo entre médicos com menor tempo de formados, o descrédito nas possibilidades de mudanças e a vontade de desistir. CONCLUSÕES: apesar do estresse laboral crônico, os profissionais entrevistados mantêm o compromisso de contribuir na solução dos problemas cotidianos. Existe tendência para exaustão emocional, desânimo e sentimentos de inadequação e fracasso, reforçando a importância da promoção e prevenção em saúde no ambiente de trabalho.
Associação glicemia de jejum e fatores de risco como teste para rastreamento do diabete gestacional
Authors: Ayach Wilson , Calderon Iracema de Mattos Paranhos , Rudge Marilza Vieira Cunha , Costa Roberto Antonio Araújo
Published: January 2006

OBJETIVOS: comparar dois testes de rastreamento do diabete gestacional. MÉTODOS: estudo prospectivo no qual foram avaliadas 356 gestantes, sem diagnóstico prévio do diabete melito, submetidas, de modo independente, a dois testes de rastreamento: associação glicemia de jejum e fator de risco (GJ+FR) e teste oral simplificado de tolerância à glicose (TTG50g). A comparação entre os métodos foi realizada pelos índices de sensibilidade (S), especificidade (E) e valores preditivos positivo (VPP) e negativo (VPN), resultados falsos, positivos (FP) e negativos (FN) e pela diferença dos resultados observados e esperados, avaliada pelo teste do Qui-quadrado (p<0,05). RESULTADOS: a associação GJ+FR determinou a confirmação diagnóstica em maior número de gestantes (187; 52,5%) que o TTG50g (49; 13,8%). Esta diferença foi significativa (p<0,05). A associação GJ+FR apresentou sensibilidade de 83,7% e valor preditivo negativo (VPN) de 95,3% em relação ao TTG50g. CONCLUSÕES: os índices elevados de sensibilidade e VPN da associação GJ+FR em relação ao TTG50g, sua simplicidade, praticidade, baixo custo e fácil replicação permitem sua indicação no rastreamento do diabete gestacional.
Uso de suplementos vitamínicos e/ou minerais por crianças menores de seis meses no interior do estado de Pernambuco
Authors: Melo Maria de Fátima Gallindo de , Santos Leonor Maria Pacheco , Lira Pedro Israel Cabral de
Published: January 2006

OBJETIVOS: descrever o uso de suplementos vitamínicos e/ou minerais em crianças, do nascimento até o sexto mês de vida, bem como avaliar a associação entre o uso dos suplementos e características socioeconômicas, biológicas, padrões alimentares e de assistência à saúde. MÉTODOS: o estudo compreendeu uma sub-amostra de 399 crianças que pertenciam a um estudo coorte, realizado no interior de Pernambuco. RESULTADOS: a proporção de crianças que recebeu vitaminas e/ou minerais foi de 18,8%. O uso desses suplementos aumentava com a idade da criança, OR=4,38 com 17 semanas e OR=9,82 com 26 semanas de vida, quando comparadas com as crianças na idade de quatro semanas. O maior uso de suplementos foi observado naquelas crianças de melhor renda e entre aquelas que não compartilhavam o domicílio com outras menores de cinco anos. As mães com idade igual ou superior a 25 anos recorreram mais à suplementação para seus filhos do que aquelas mais jovens. A duração mediana do aleitamento materno esteve associada à suplementação de vitaminas e/ou minerais, sendo menor entre as crianças que utilizaram esses medicamentos. CONCLUSÕES: verificou-se a utilização do recurso medicamentoso como via de ingestão de vitaminas e/ou minerais em lactentes cujas necessidades nutricionais poderiam ser atendidas através do aleitamento materno exclusivo.
Influence of saccharose on the development of cercariae from Schistosoma mansoni strains BH and SJ
Authors: Bruno T. I. B , Zanotti-Magalhães E. M , Magalhães L. A. , Carvalho J. F.
Published: January 2006

The development of cercariae from Schistosoma mansoni strains BH and SJ in Biomphalaria glabrata and Biomphalaria tenagophila treated with saccharose was studied. The molluscs were maintained in dechlorinated tap water containing 0.01% saccharose. After one week of treatment with saccharose, B. glabrata and B. tenagophila were exposed to ten S. mansoni miracidia, from BH and SJ strains respectively. Control snails of both species were maintained in dechlorinated tap water without saccharose and exposed to the same number of miracidia. There was no significant difference between the infection rates of snails treated or not with saccharose. However, the two groups of B. glabrata had significantly greater infection rates than the corresponding B. tenagophila groups. Molluscs treated with saccharose had a lower survival rate, with the greatest mortality occurring immediately before and at the beginning of cercariae release. Treatment with saccharose did not result in the release of more cercariae, but larvae from molluscs so treated showed a greater capacity to penetrate mouse skin, which was attributed to the greater energy supply during larval development in the mollusc.
Growth of the tambaqui Colossoma macropomum (Cuvier) (Characiformes: Characidae): which is the best model?
Authors: Penna M. A. H , Villacorta-Corrêa M. A , Walter T. , Petrere-JR M.
Published: January 2006

In order to decide which is the best growth model for the tambaqui Colossoma macropomum Cuvier, 1818, we utilized 249 and 256 length-at-age ring readings in otholiths and scales respectively, for the same sample of individuals. The Schnute model was utilized and it is concluded that the Von Bertalanffy model is the most adequate for these data, because it proved highly stable for the data set, and only slightly sensitive to the initial values of the estimated parameters. The phi' values estimated from five different data sources presented a CV = 4.78%. The numerical discrepancies between these values are of not much concern due to the high negative correlation between k and L¥ viz, so that when one of them increases, the other decreases and the final result in phi' remains nearly unchanged.
Diurnal and spatial (vertical) dynamics of nutrients (N, P, Si) in four sampling days (summer, fall, winter, and spring) in a tropical shallow reservoir and their relationships with the phytoplankton community
Authors: Ramírez J. J. , Bicudo C. E. M.
Published: January 2006

The vertical and diurnal variation of nitrogen and phosphorus forms, as well as that of soluble reactive silica (SRS), were studied in four sampling days at Garças reservoir, a shallow tropical one located in the city of São Paulo, in southeastern Brazil. Except for N-NH4, all other inorganic forms of nitrogen (N-NO2, N-NO3, and total N) demonstrated decreased concentrations toward the bottom of reservoir. Similarly, all showed significant diurnal differences on every sampling day, with increased values during the night due to absence of photosynthetic assimilation during that period. In the sampling days, these forms decreased on the spring sampling day due to the bloom of Microcystis registered during this period of the year. All three forms of phosphorus (SRP, particulate P, and total P) showed significant vertical variation, except on the fall sampling day. On the summer sampling day there was an increase of both total P and particulate P, the latter because it constitutes more than 70% of the total P during all sampling days. Hourly phosphorus variation was significant during all sampling days, except for the summer one. The SRS vertical variation was significant during all sampling days, except for that in the spring. It was also different hourly on sampling days.
Hystological analysis of ovarian development of the characiform Oligosarcus hepsetus (Cuvier, 1829) in a Brazilizn Reservoir
Authors: Santos R. N , Andrade C. C , Santos A. F. G. N , Santos L. N. , Araújo F. G.
Published: January 2006

A histological analysis was performed of the ovarian development of Oligosarcus hepsetus (Cuvier, 1829), a medium-sized carnivorous Characiform species in the Lajes reservoir, Brazil. A total of 125 fishes, collected monthly between April 2001 and June 2002 were examined by routine macroscopic and histological techniques. Eight phases of the oocyte development were described, and 4 stages and 4 sub-stages of gonadal development were proposed. Spawning in reservoirs, similarly to that in rivers, is in batches, which favors juvenile survival and suggests that the impoundment of this area did not influence the reproductive strategy of this very successful species in a dammed environment.
Diet and feeding of fish from Grande River, located below the Volta Grande Reservoir, MG-SP
Authors: Andrade P. M. , Braga F. M. S.
Published: January 2006

We compare the classic model of feeding of tropical fish by means of six bimonthly samplings using gillnets of varying mesh sizes that were inspected every twelve hours throughout a forty-eight hour period. The stomachs of the fish caught were classified in three categories according to quantity of food found. The amount of fat in the visceral cavity with respect to the energetic reserve deposition was also studied. The relative frequencies of the different categories of stomach repletion and fat deposition were examined for patterns of feeding seasonality. The stomachs considered full were examined to record diet composition. To assess the relative importance of the different food resources, we applied Feeding Importance Degree (FID), which is a useful index when difficulties exist in determining a common basis for volume, number, or weight of a given food item in different species, a common problem when dealing with fish species having different feeding habits. The fish species whose stomach contents were analyzed using the FID index were Serrasalmus spilopleura (Characidae), L. prolixa (Loricaridae), Schizodon nasutus (Anostomidae), and Pimelodus maculatus (Pimelodidae). Our findings indicate some contrasting elements , in dietary composition in relation to the classic model for tropical rivers. These factors include the importance of aquatic macrophytes, the lack of piscivorous species, and a lesser presence of allochthonous vegetation in the diet of the species studied.
Reproductive seasonality of fishes from a lotic stretch of the Grande River, high Paraná river basin, Brazil
Authors: Andrade P. M. , Braga F. M. S.
Published: January 2006

We searched for correlations between water level, rainfall, temperature, and reproductive activity of fishes in a lotic stretch of the Grande River below the Volta Grande Dam. Gillnets were used to catch the fish on six field journeys made bimonthly between April 1998 and February 1999. Fish gonads were classified according to maturation grade and the amount of mature or spent gonads was correlated with rainfall and air temperature. Most fish species showed seasonal reproduction (between October and February). The relative frequency of fully mature and spent gonads significantly correlated with rainfall (Spearman r = 0.94, p = 0.005) and air temperature (r = 0.84, p = 0.036), showing the importance of these factors in regulating the reproductive cycle of fishes in this location. Nevertheless, dam operation resulted in minimal water level variation that did not significantly correlate with reproductive activity (r = -0.43, p = 0.396).
Flood pulse influence and anthropic impact on the chemical composition and energy content of Oryza glumaepatula in an Amazonian lake
Authors: Enrich-Prast A. , Esteves F. A.
Published: January 2006

The aim of this research was to study the flood pulse influence and the anthropic impact caused by bauxite tailings on the chemical composition of O. glumaepatula in Batata lake (PA, Brazil). Sampling was carried out in stands of O. glumaepatula in the low-water, filling, high-water, and drawdown periods in impacted and natural areas of Batata lake. During the low-water and drawdown periods the stands of O. glumaepatula were exposed, and in the filling and high-water periods the water depth was respectively 1.4 and 3.8 m. The collected material was dried at 70ºC, ground, and concentrations of total phosphorus, total nitrogen, organic carbon, and energy content were determined. The results indicate that the biomass increase, caused by the rise in water level, has a dilution effect on nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations in O. glumaepatula. The energy contents did not present significant differences in any of the studied periods. The results suggest that from the low water to filling period, nitrogen becomes more limiting to O. glumaepatula in the impacted area, whereas phosphorus becomes more limiting in the natural area. The population of O. glumaepatula contributes to the recovery of the impacted area of Batata lake as the detritus from this species accumulates over the sediment. This accumulation impedes future re-suspension of the bauxite tailings and increases the organic matter and nutrient concentrations in the impacted sediment.
Genetics of Euglossini bees (Hymenoptera) in fragments of the Atlantic Forest in the region of Viçosa, MG
Authors: Waldschmidt A. M. , Lopes L. A. , Marco Jr. P. , Campos L. A. O.
Published: January 2006

With uncontrolled deforestation, forest fragments remain, which in most cases are in different stages of regeneration and present isolated populations. In the present study we analyzed the genetic patterns of Eulaema nigrita populations in seven Atlantic Forest fragments of different sizes and successional stages in the region of Viçosa, MG. This was done by RAPD molecular markers. We observed that the area of the fragments had no effect on the genetic variability of E. nigrita in the direction predicted by meta-population models. Medium-sized well-preserved woods presented the lowest variability, whereas large and small woods were statistically identical. The evidence supports the notion that rural areas present greater dispersal among fragments, implying greater similarity between the populations of fragments located in rural areas when compared to fragments in urban areas.
The influence of water management and environmental conditions on the chemical composition and beverage quality of coffee beans
Authors: Silva Emerson A. da , Mazzafera Paulo , Brunini Orivaldo , Sakai Emílio , Arruda Flávio B. , Mattoso Luiz Henrique C. , Carvalho Cássia R. L. , Pires Regina Célia M.
Published: January 2006

The influence of environmental conditions and irrigation on the chemical composition of green coffee beans and the relationship of these parameters to the quality of the beverage were investigated in coffee plantations in the regions of Adamantina, Mococa and Campinas, in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. The chemical composition and physical aspects of green coffee beans produced in the three regions were related through Principal Component Analyses (PCA) to the quality of beverage, as determined by sensorial and electronic analyses. The chemical composition was affected by the environmental conditions. Some differences in cup quality were detected by the electronic method but not by cup tasting. Irrigation was not a major factor affecting chemical composition, since there were few differences in relation to non-irrigated coffee plants. The production site appeared to be the main influencing factor on biochemical composition. A pronounced difference was observed in Adamantina, where annual average air temperature was 1.6-2.4ºC warmer than in the other two areas and about 3.5ºC above to the optimal limit for coffee cultivation.
Induction and differentiation of reproductive buds in Coffea arabica L.
Authors: Majerowicz Nidia , Söndahl Maro R.
Published: January 2006

The induction and differentiation phases of reproductive buds of Coffea arabica L. have not received much attention. In the present paper, axillary buds from five plagiotropic branches that developed in the same growing season without fruits (1st crop branches), and from green segments of five recently grown plagiotropic branches with fruits (2nd crop branches), were collected every two weeks during successive inductive months of the year. This study was carried out with adult arabica trees, Catuaí Vermelho cv. IAC 81, cultivated under normal farming conditions in the region of Campinas, SP, Brazil (22º54' Lat. S). Slides of longitudinal-axial sections of 10-12 mum thickness were mounted for the characterization and quantification of histological stages of bud differentiation. The results indicate that the regulatory signals controlling the phases of induction and differentiation of floral buds are distinct, and that there are differences in the response between branches with and without fruits. In the case of 1st crop branches (no fruits present), induction of floral buds took place in January and February, whereas floral bud differentiation was observed during the months of March and April. In 2nd crop branches (fruits present), the induction of floral buds was observed during any month of the year provided that they had already overcome their juvenile state (October-July, in this study). In these 2nd crop branches, the flower bud differentiation was only observed after harvesting all pre-existing fruits of each branch (after May, in this study), which suggests that floral bud differentiation in Arabica coffee is influenced by the source-sink relationship, i.e. by the presence of developing fruits within each plagiotropic branch.
Response of Crotalaria juncea to nickel exposure
Authors: Cardoso Patrícia Felippe , Gratão Priscila Lupino , Gomes-Junior Rui Alberto , Medici Leonardo Oliveira , Azevedo Ricardo Antunes
Published: January 2006

The response of Crotalaria juncea seedlings to nickel (Ni) was investigated. Ni was shown to accumulate mainly in the root system, with little being translocated to the shoots. Catalase (CAT) and glutathione reductase (GR) responses to Ni were also analyzed. CAT activity did not exhibit a clear trend in response to Ni exposure, whereas GR activity appeared to respond to the stress induced by Ni. The results suggest that in C. juncea GR participates in the detoxification of Ni-induced reactive oxygen species via the glutathione-ascorbate cycle.
Characterizing ceramics and the interfacial adhesion to resin: I - The relationship of microstructure, composition, properties and fractography
Authors: Della Bona Alvaro
Published: January 2006

The appeal of ceramics as structural dental materials is based on their light weight, high hardness values, chemical inertness, and anticipated unique tribological characteristics. A major goal of current ceramic research and development is to produce tough, strong ceramics that can provide reliable performance in dental applications. Quantifying microstructural parameters is important to develop structure/property relationships. Quantitative microstructural analysis provides an association among the constitution, physical properties, and structural characteristics of materials. Structural reliability of dental ceramics is a major factor in the clinical success of ceramic restorations. Complex stress distributions are present in most practical conditions and strength data alone cannot be directly extrapolated to predict structural performance.
Comparative analysis of the visualization of small files using digital and conventional radiography
Authors: Pace Sandra Regina Boarin , Habitante Sandra Márcia
Published: January 2006

The present work was designed to carry out a comparative analysis of the visualization of small files using digital and conventional radiographs. Forty maxillary molars inserted in human skulls were used; Maillefer K-files #06, #08, #10 and #15 were inserted in the mesiobuccal canals and measured at 0.5mm beyond and 1.5mm before the tip with 0.5-mm intervals, in order to allow five professionals to observe whether the files were at the limit, before or beyond the foramen when visualized on conventional radiographs taken on Insight Kodak film (Eastman Kodak, Rochester, NY, USA) and with the RVG digital system (Trophy). Based on the results obtained, the conclusions were: with the two systems it was possible to visualize #06 K-files in nearly 60% of the evaluated cases; for the others, #08, #10 and #15 K-files, visualization was higher with both radiographic systems, achieving 82% of correct visualization for #15 K-files with the conventional system. The differences between the results of the two systems studied - conventional (Insight film, Kodak F-speed) and last generation digital (RVG - Trophy) radiographs - were not statistically significant according to the Student's t test.
Comparison of different methods for the occlusal dentine caries diagnosis
Authors: Mestriner Soraya Fernandes , Vinha Dionísio , Mestriner Junior Wilson
Published: January 2006

The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of in-vitro methods for the occlusal dentine caries diagnosis. Thirty-eight sites were evaluated on third molars without macroscopic carious cavitation in adult individuals from the city of Barretos (SP), Brazil. Visual inspection (VI), endoscopic evaluation (AcuCam), visual inspection and blunt-tipped exploratory probes (Tactile), conventional bite-wing radiographs (CR), direct bite-wing digital radiograph (DR), and direct digital radiograph with contrast and brightness controled (DRbc) were used by five observers. In order to validate the data, the teeth were sectioned and histologically evaluated. The average sensitivity and specificity values of the methods were respectively:0,25 , 0,96 (VI); 0,15 , 0,92 (AcuCam); 0,17 , 0,95 (Tactile); 0,45 , 0,73 (CR); 0,33 , 0,80 (DR) and 0,35 , 0,84 (DRbc) , the effectiveness of clinical methods (VI, AcuCam and Tactile) as well as that of radiographic methods (CR, DR and DRbc) were comparatively similar. The clinical methods presented a smaller number of false-positive diagnosis than the radiographic methods. It was concluded that visual inspection is an important diagnostic method; conventional bite-wing and digital radiography aid the diagnosis and are equally efficient to diagnose carious lesions in the dentine of teeth without visible cavitation.
Evaluation of weight loss and surface roughness of compomers after simulated toothbrushing abrasion test
Authors: Mondelli Rafael Francisco Lia , Wang Linda , Garcia Fernanda Cristina Pimentel , Prakki Anuradha , Mondelli José , Franco Eduardo Batista , Ishikiriama Aquira
Published: January 2006

This study aimed at analyzing the compomers wear by an "in vitro" toothbrushing abrasion test. The null hypotheses tested were that there would be no differences in weight loss and no significant changes in surface roughness of the compomers after this test. The utilized commercial brands were Dyract (Dentsply), Dyract AP (Dentsply), Compoglass F (Vivadent), Freedom (SDI), F2000 (3M ESPE), which were compared to the two resin composites Z100 (3M ESPE) and Silux Plus (3M ESPE). Ten cylindrical specimens for each commercial brand were prepared with 5mm diameter and 3mm thickness. An appropriate machine with soft bristle tips containing dentifrice solution and deionized water was used. A total of 100,000 brushing cycles were performed. The amount of weight loss was measured by the percentage alteration between the initial (before toothbrushing) and final weight (after toothbrushing), measured by a Sartorius analytical balance. The surface roughness change was determined by the percentage difference between initial and final means after 5 tracings by a T 1000 Hommel Tester roughness meter on the specimen's surfaces before and after toothbrushing abrasion test. The statistical analysis (Students paired t-test, ANOVA and Tukey, á=0.05) showed that all materials presented statistically significant weight loss and roughness increase after abrasion test. All compomers presented higher weight loss than resin composites. Freedom and Dyract AP presented the lowest weight loss among compomers. F2000 presented the worst abrasion resistance, without statistical differences with Dyract. For roughness changes, Dyract, Dyract AP, Z100, Compoglass F and Silux Plus showed the lowest surface roughness alteration, in increasing order, without statistical differences between them. Freedom was the statistically roughest material of the study.
Physicochemical characterization of six commercial hydroxyapatites for medical-dental applicatons as bone graft
Authors: Conz Marcio Baltazar , Granjeiro José Mauro , Soares Gloria de Almeida
Published: January 2006

The aim of this work was to characterize six hydroxyapatites in granular form for applications in medicine and dentistry as bone graft and to compare with manufacturers' specification. These samples were produced by four different manufacturers, and all of them are easily available in the Brazilian market. Physicochemical characterization was carried out by using electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and surface area (BET) measurements. The results show that just one hydroxyapatite sample exhibited characterisitics in perfect agreement with the manufacturers' specifications. The studied parameters, namely crystallinity, surface area and composition may be used to estimate hydroxyapatite's biodegradability and as a criterion for quality control.
Influence of gutta-percha points on the filling of simulated lateral canals
Authors: Barroso Juliana Machado , Carrasco Laise Daniela , Capelli Alexandre , Guerisoli Danilo Mathias Zanello , Saquy Paulo César , Pécora Jesus Djalma
Published: January 2006

The aim of this study was to investigate, in vitro, the percentage of filling of simulated lateral canals in teeth obturated with TP medium and standardized gutta-percha points. Twenty human mandibular canines were prepared with LA Axxess (SybronEndo) and K³ Endo rotary system (SybronEndo) up to a #50 file, according to the Free Tip Preparation Technique. During instrumentation, the root canals were alternately irrigated with 1% sodium hypochlorite and 17% EDTA. Six artificial lateral canals were prepared at the apical third of each tooth. Then, the teeth were assigned to two groups (n=10): Group 1 - filled with TP medium master gutta-percha points (Dentsply, Mailleffer); Group 2 - filled with standardized master gutta-percha points (Dentsply, Mailleffer). Root canal filling was complemented with AH Plus sealer (Dentsply, Mailleffer) and accessory gutta-percha points (Dentsply, Mailleffer), according to the classic technique. The teeth were radiographed and the images obtained were digitized. Linear measurements of the percentage of filling of the artificial lateral canals in each group were accomplished on the Image Tool 2.02 software. Statistical analysis of the data using Mann-Whitney U non-parametric test evidenced significant difference (p<0.01) between the experimental groups. The group obturated with TP medium points yielded higher percentage of filling of the lateral canals. It may be concluded that the use of master gutta-percha points with larger taper resulted in better filling of the simulated lateral canals, as compared to the use of standardized master gutta-percha points.
Evaluation of cytotoxicity of two endodontic cements in a macrophage culture
Authors: Queiroz Celso Emanoel de Souza , Soares Janir Alves , Leonardo Renato de Toledo , Carlos Iracilda Zeponi , Dinelli Welington
Published: January 2006

Compared to gutta-percha, the endodontic cements are used in small quantity to seal root canals, but are indispensable to achieve hermetically sealed margins, where its biocompatibility depends on the sum of responses of each cell present in the periapical region. The object of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxicity of two endodontic cements, one based on epoxy resin (Sealer 26) and the other containing zinc oxide eugenol (Endofill) by using cultured peritoneal macrophages from Swiss mice to measure the induced production of nitric oxide. After solidification and pulverization, aliquots of 100mul of suspension containing 18mg/mL of the respective cements were added to 96-well tissue culture plates containing the tissue culture of macrophages at a concentration of 5.0X10(6) cells/ml. In the positive control group the cell culture was treated with 10mg/mL of lipopolyssaccharide from Escherichia coli 026:B6 and the cell culture alone represented the negative control. After 48 hours of incubation, at 37ºC, in 5% CO2, the cultures were placed in an ELISA automatic reader to evaluate the release of nitric oxide. The production of nitric oxide for cement Sealer 26 was between 36.1 and 313.0 mumols, with a mean of 143.82±111.03mumols, while for the Endofill these values were significantly less (p=0.01), varying from 50.8 to 125.7mumols, with a mean of 80.33±28.42 mumols. In the positive and negative control groups the mean release of nitric oxide was of 162.75mumols and 4.42mumols, respectively. There was no significant difference between the positive control group and cement Sealer 26 (p>0.05). Therefore, the cement Sealer 26 caused significantly greater toxicity to the macrophages, possibly due to the components from the epoxy resin and formaldehyde release during polymerization.
Volumes, capacidades pulmonares e força muscular respiratória no pós-operatório de gastroplastia
Authors: Paisani Denise de Moraes , Chiavegato Luciana Dias , Faresin Sonia Maria
Published: January 2006

INTRODUÇÃO: A gastroplastia tem sido cada vez mais indicada no tratamento de obesos mórbidos, pacientes nos quais podemos identificar alteração pronunciada de volumes e capacidades pulmonares. OBJETIVO: Avaliar o comportamento dos volumes e capacidades pulmonares, força muscular respiratória, padrão respiratório e as possíveis complicações pulmonares pós-operatórias. MÉTODO: Vinte e um pacientes (três homens) com média de idade de 39 ± 9,7 anos, média de índice de massa corpórea de 50,4 Kg/m², candidatos à gastroplastia, foram avaliados no pré-operatório, primeiro, terceiro e quinto dias de pós-operatório e submetidos a mensuração de volume corrente, capacidade vital, volume minuto, pressões máximas expiratória e inspiratória, e circunferências abdominal e torácica. Observou-se a ocorrência de complicações pulmonares pós-operatórias e mortalidade. RESULTADOS: No primeiro e terceiro dias de pós-operatório houve queda de 47% e 30,5% na capacidade vital, 18% e 12,5% no volume minuto, 28% e 21% no volume corrente, 47% e 32% no índice diafragmático, 51% e 26% na pressão inspiratória máxima, e 39,5% e 26% na pressão expiratória máxima, respectivamente (p < 0,05). No quinto dia de pós-operatório, todos os valores das variáveis analisadas apresentaram-se maiores que os do primeiro pós-operatório, evidenciando um crescimento linear, com retorno total aos seus valores pré-operatórios apenas de volume corrente, volume minuto e índice diafragmático. Houve uma incidência de complicações pulmonares pós-operatórias de 4,7% e não houve óbitos. CONCLUSÃO: Pacientes submetidos a gastroplastia apresentam redução da função pulmonar, evidenciando um comportamento bastante semelhante ao já observado no pós-operatório de outras cirurgias do andar superior do abdome.
Coexistência de colonização fúngica intracavitária (bola fúngica) e tuberculose ativa
Authors: Unis Gisela , Picon Pedro Dornelles , Severo Luiz Carlos
Published: January 2006

INTRODUÇÃO: Embora a tuberculose pulmonar seja o principal fator predisponente para o surgimento de colonização fúngica em cavidade saneada, a coexistência das duas doenças é rara. A simultaneidade de colonização fúngica e micobacteriose ativa na mesma cavidade (bacilos álcool-ácido resistentes entre as massas de hifas) é excepcional. OBJETIVO: Descrever achados clínicos, diagnósticos, radiológicos, condições associadas e evolução em pacientes com tuberculose e colonização fúngica intracavitária pulmonar. MÉTODO: Foram avaliadas, retrospectivamente, fichas clínicas de 625 pacientes, entre os anos de 1974 e 2002, com bola fúngica diagnosticada por imunodifusão e/ou estudo micológico. O critério de inclusão foi baciloscopia positiva no escarro ou em histopatologia. RESULTADOS: Foram selecionados catorze pacientes. Todos apresentaram hemoptise, seguida de tosse com expectoração, dispnéia, emagrecimento, febre, astenia e dor torácica. Em dois casos, um colonizado por Aspergillus niger e outro por Scedosporium apiospermum (Teleomorfo, Pseudallescheria boydii), houve concomitância lesional da tuberculose ativa e bola fúngica. Nos demais, a micobactéria foi encontrada em parênquima circunjacente ou em pulmão contralateral. CONCLUSÃO: Este estudo corrobora o antagonismo entre A. fumigatus e Mycobacterium tuberculosis. A possibilidade de concomitância de colonização fúngica e micobacteriose é demonstrada em outros agentes fúngicos, particularmente S. apiospermum (P. boydii) e A. niger.
Hipertensão portopulmonar
Authors: Garcia Eduardo , Moreira José Silva , Brandão Ajácio Bandeira de Melo , Zille Alessandra Isabel , Fernandes Juliana Cardozo
Published: January 2006

Hipertensão portal e cirrose podem causar complexas alterações do leito vascular pulmonar, dentre elas a síndrome hepatopulmonar e a hipertensão portopulmonar. A associação de hipertensão pulmonar com cirrose e hipertensão portal é pouco diagnosticada, sendo sua prevalência estimada por volta de 1% a 2% dos pacientes com hipertensão portal ou cirrose, sem preferência por sexo, e com predomínio na faixa dos 40 anos. Fatores etiológicos não foram bem definidos para explicar o aumento da pressão da artéria pulmonar e da resistência vascular pulmonar. A maioria dos pacientes é assintomática até que desenvolva dispnéia aos esforços, o que geralmente ocorre quando a pressão média na artéria pulmonar ultrapassa o valor de 40 mmHg. A mortalidade é elevada pela associação de doença hepática e hipoxemia progressiva ou falência ventricular direita. Novos estudos são necessários para se estabelecer os benefícios do uso dos vasodilatadores orais, inalatórios ou endovenosos e os resultados do transplante hepático, talvez a única possibilidade terapêutica definitiva.
Perfil radiológico do candidato ideal à cirurgia redutora de volume pulmonar no enfisema: uma revisão sistemática
Authors: Figueroa Paula Antonia Ugalde , Martinez-Silveira Martha Silvia , Ponte Eduardo , Camelier Aquiles , Pereira-Silva Jorge L.
Published: January 2006

INTRODUÇÃO: A cirurgia redutora de volume pulmonar é uma alternativa terapêutica para o enfisema pulmonar avançado. A avaliação radiológica do tipo e distribuição do enfisema parece ser o principal critério de indicação cirúrgica, além da função pulmonar. OBJETIVO: Determinar o nível de evidência científica referente ao padrão radiológico do candidato ideal à cirurgia redutora de volume pulmonar. MÉTODO: Revisão sistemática da literatura entre janeiro de 1994 e janeiro de 2004, utilizando as bases de dados: MEDLINE, EMbase, LILACS, The Cochrane Library e EBM Reviews. RESULTADOS: Foram identificados 208 artigos e 16 deles preenchiam os critérios do estudo. Destes, dois eram randomizados (um multicêntrico, denominado National Emphysema Treatment Trial, envolvendo 1.218 pacientes; e outro que, embora randomizado, com apenas 30 pacientes). Os 14 remanescentes eram estudos observacionais. O National Emphysema Treatment Trial identificou um subgrupo de pacientes de prognóstico favorável, quando submetidos à cirurgia redutora de volume pulmonar, formado por portadores de enfisema pulmonar avançado e heterogêneo, com predomínio nos lobos superiores, na presença de hiperdistensão pulmonar difusa e baixa capacidade para exercícios físicos. O padrão dos resultados dos demais estudos foi consistente na análise individual, apesar de sua heterogeneidade. Benefício cirúrgico, taxas de mortalidade e qualidade de vida também foram mensurados nos estudos observacionais. CONCLUSÃO: O perfil radiológico caracterizado pelo tipo de enfisema, sua heterogeneidade, distribuição e presença de hiperdistensão difusa, ao lado do nível de gravidade, representa o principal fator preditor de bom resultado cirúrgico. Esta recomendação tem o nível de evidência B, pela escassez de trabalhos na literatura.
Avaliação de um programa de treinamento físico por quatro meses para crianças asmáticas
Authors: Silva Cristiane Soncino , Torres Lídia Alice Gomes Monteiro Marins , Rahal Abel , Terra Filho João , Vianna Elcio Oliveira
Published: January 2006

OBJETIVO: Avaliar condicionamento físico e força muscular de crianças asmáticas antes e depois de quatro meses de participação num programa de exercícios físicos. MÉTODOS: Dois grupos de crianças com asma moderada e idade entre oito e onze anos foram formados. Ambos realizaram testes pré e pós-treinamento físico, duas vezes por semana, por quatro meses, em sessões de 90 minutos, com exercícios em solo e em água. Orientações sobre asma, seu controle e tratamento foram fornecidos a ambos os grupos. RESULTADOS: Na avaliação final, observou-se aumento das variáveis antropométricas em ambos os grupos. O grupo exercício apresentou melhora significativa na distância percorrida em nove minutos (inicial 1,333 + 0,03 km e final 1,440 + 0,03 km; p < 0,05), número de flexões abdominais (inicial 24,3 + 1,4 abdominais e final 33,2 + 1,1 abdominais; p < 0,05), pressão inspiratória máxima (inicial 73 + 5 cmH2O e final 103 + 5 cmH2O; p < 0,05), pressão expiratória máxima (inicial 75 + 4 cmH2O e final 102 + 4 cmH2O; p < 0,05) e na freqüência cardíaca de repouso (inicial 84,3 + 1,6 bpm e final 77,1 + 2,7 bpm; p < 0,05). O grupo controle não mostrou variação significativa em nenhum desses parâmetros. CONCLUSÃO: Um programa de treinamento físico com menor freqüência e maior duração de cada sessão, para facilitar a participação das crianças, propicia melhora do condicionamento físico e aumento de força muscular em crianças asmáticas.
Soroprevalência da infecção pelo vírus da imunodeficiência humana em pacientes com tuberculose, em Londrina, Paraná
Authors: Morimoto Arilson Akira , Bonametti Ana Maria , Morimoto Helena Kaminami , Matsuo Tiemi
Published: January 2006

OBJETIVO: Estimar a prevalência da soropositividade da infecção pelo vírus da imunodeficiência humana em pacientes com tuberculose ativa, atendidos no serviço de Pneumologia Sanitária da 17ª Regional de Saúde do Estado do Paraná, em Londrina, e comparar os pacientes co-infectados com aqueles que apresentavam somente tuberculose, em relação à baciloscopia de escarro, exame radiológico de tórax, e forma clínica e esquema terapêutico para tratamento da tuberculose. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal com 188 pacientes com tuberculose ativa. Os diagnósticos de tuberculose e de infecção pelo vírus da imunodeficiência humana foram realizados de acordo com os critérios adotados pelo Ministério da Saúde. Para a obtenção de informações clínicas e epidemiológicas, aplicou-se um questionário, além dos dados das fichas individuais de investigação de tuberculose. RESULTADOS: A prevalência de soropositividade da infecção pelo vírus da imunodeficiência humana nos pacientes com tuberculose foi de 14,9%. O índice de positividade da baciloscopia de escarro foi maior no grupo sem a co-infecção (p = 0,0275) e a proporção de pacientes tratados com esquema alternativo foi significativamente maior no grupo com co-infecção (p = 0042). Em 32,1% dos pacientes co-infectados, realizou-se teste sorológico para diagnóstico de infecção pelo vírus da imunodeficiência humana simultaneamente ou depois do diagnóstico de tuberculose. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados ressaltam a importância da realização rotineira do teste para detecção de anticorpos contra o vírus da imunodeficiência humana em todos os pacientes com tuberculose.
Vasculites pulmonares: novas visões de uma velha conhecida
Authors: Queluz Thais Thomaz , Yoo Hugo Hyung Bok
Published: January 2006

A vasculite necrosante foi descrita em 1866 e seu espectro é muito amplo, uma vez que acomete vasos arteriais e venosos de todos os calibres e de vários órgãos, apresenta diversos tipos de infiltrados inflamatórios, tem um significante número de manifestações clínicas e pode ter ou não fatores desencadeantes identificáveis. A sempre controversa classificação das vasculites mudou radicalmente com a descoberta dos anticorpos anticitoplasma de neutrófilos em 1982, contemplando atualmente a doença de Goodpasture, as vasculites associadas aos anticorpos anticitoplasma de neutrófilos, as vasculites por imunocomplexos e outros tipos de vasculites. As evidências de que os anticorpos anticitoplasma de neutrófilos estão envolvidos na patogênese destas lesões trouxeram avanços consideráveis para o seu diagnóstico e tratamento. Granulomatose de Wegener, doença de Churg-Strauss e poliangeíte microscópica, todas vasculites associadas aos anticorpos anticitoplasma de neutrófilos, são as vasculites sistêmicas que mais acometem os pulmões. Suas manifestações clínicas comuns são tosse, hemorragia alveolar difusa ou asma de difícil controle. Na arterite de Takayasu, na doença de Behçet, na púrpura de Henoch-Schönlein e nas vasculites associadas às doenças do colágeno o acometimento pulmonar é mais raro. Em todos os casos há evidências de serem processos de origem imunológica e com base neste princípio são propostas as abordagens terapêuticas.
Signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders in adolescents
Authors: Bonjardim Leonardo Rigoldi , Gavião Maria Beatriz Duarte , Pereira Luciano José , Castelo Paula Midori , Garcia Renata Cunha Matheus Rodrigues
Published: January 2006

The aim of this study was to verify the prevalence of signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) in adolescents and its relationship to gender. The sample comprised 217 subjects, aged 12 to 18. The subjective symptoms and clinical signs of TMD were evaluated, using, respectively, a self-report questionnaire and the Craniomandibular Index, which has 2 subscales; the Dysfunction Index and the Palpation Index. The results of muscle tenderness showed great variability (0.9-32.25%). In relation to the temporomandibular joint, tenderness of the superior, dorsal and lateral condyle regions occurred in 10.6%, 10.6% and 7.83%, respectively, of the sample. Joint sound during opening was present in 19.8% of the sample and during closing in 14.7%. The most prevalent symptoms were joint sounds (26.72%) and headache (21.65%). There was no statistical difference between genders (p > 0.05), except for the tenderness of the lateral pterygoid muscles, which presented more prevalence in girls. In conclusion, clinical signs and symptoms of TMD can occur in adolescents; however, gender influence was not perceived.
Influence of composite restorative materials and light-curing units on diametrical tensile strength
Authors: Tolosa Maria Cecília Caldas Giorgi , Paulillo Luís Alexandre Maffei Sartini , Giannini Marcelo , Santos Alex José Souza dos , Dias Carlos Tadeu dos Santos
Published: January 2006

The aim of this study was to evaluate the diametrical tensile strength (DTS) of three light-curing photo-activated composites with two different light curing units (LCU). Three types of dental restorative composites were used in this study: micro filled A110 (3M Espe); P60 (3M Espe) for posterior restorations, and micro-hybrid Charisma (Heraeus-Kulzer). The two LCUs were: halogen light (HAL) (Degulux, Degussa) and blue light emitting diode (LED) (Ultrablue, DMC). Resin composite specimens were inserted incrementally into a Teflon split mold meas-uring 3 mm in depth and 6 mm in internal diameter, and cured using either LCU (n = 10). Specimens were placed into a dark bottle containing distilled water at 37°C for 7 days. DTS tests were performed in a Universal Testing Machine (0.5 mm/min). Data were submitted to two-way ANOVA and Tukey's test. Results were (MPa): A110/HAL: 276.50 ± 62.94ª; A110/LED: 306.01 ± 65.16ª; P60/HAL: 568.29 ± 60.77b and P60/LED: 543.01 ± 83.65b; Charisma/HAL: 430.94 ± 67.28c; Charisma/LED: 435.52 ± 105.12c. Results suggested that no significant difference in DTS was obtained with LCUs for the same composite. However, resin composite restorative materials presented different DTS.
Effects of cleaning agents on bond strength to dentin
Authors: Rosin Celso , Arana-Chavez Victor Elias , Garone Netto Narciso , Luz Maria Aparecida Alves de Cerqueira
Published: January 2006

The cleaning of cavity walls aims to improve adhesive restorative procedures and longevity of restorations. This study has compared the effect of three cleaning agents - sodium bicarbonate jet (Profi II, Dabi Atlante, São Paulo, Brazil); pumice paste plus a biologic detergent (Tergestesim, Probem, São Paulo, Brazil); air water spray - on the bond strength between dentin and two different adhesive systems: Clearfil SE Bond (Kuraray, Kioto, Japan) and Scotchbond Multi-Purpose Plus (3M-ESPE, São Paulo, Brazil). Six groups (n:10) of dental fragments obtained from young adult extracted teeth were prepared, and each one received one of the listed surface cleaning techniques. After the adhesive application, a cone-shaped test body was built with AP-X (Kuraray, Kioto, Japan) or Z100 (3M-ESPE, São Paulo, Brazil) composite resins, using a Teflon matrix. The specimens were tested for tensile bond strength after one-week storage in distilled water at 37°C. Two pairs of fractured specimens of each group were randomly chosen and processed for scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. ANOVA test of the bond strength values showed no statistical differences among the cleaning agents and neither between their interactions with the bonding systems. Upon SEM analysis, most surfaces showed mixed fractures of adhesive and cohesive failures in bonding resin to dentin. Based on statistical and SEM analysis, it was concluded that the cleaning agents studied did not interfere with the bond strength of the adhesive systems used to dentin.
Prevalence and distribution of developmental enamel defects in the primary dentition of pre-school children
Authors: Lunardelli Sandra Espíndola , Peres Marco Aurélio
Published: January 2006

Developmental defects of the enamel (D.D.E.) are changes in the deciduous dentition that have been little studied in Brazil, although they lead to aesthetic problems, dental sensitivity and may be predictors of dental caries. The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence and distribution of D.D.E. in the deciduous dentition of pre-school children in the municipality of Itajaí, Santa Catarina, in 2003. A cross-sectional study was carried out with a sample of 431 children aged 3 to 5 enrolled in public day care centres. All of the teeth were examined and the enamel defects were assessed according to the Modified DDE Index (FDI, 1992). The prevalence of D.D.E. was 24.4% (CI 95% 20.3-28.5). Diffuse opacities were the most common defects found (17.9%), followed by hypoplasia (11.1%) and demarcated opacities (6.1%). The most affected teeth were the second molars (44.4%), followed by the first molars (23.5%). Defects were observed more frequently in the upper arch (58.2%). Assessing enamel hypoplasia separately, a prevalence of 15.1% (CI 95% 11.7-18.5) was observed, with the most affected teeth being the canines (33.6%) and second molars (33.6%). One quarter of the pre-school children presented enamel defects, with diffuse opacities being the most prevalent ones.