bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessing the variability of Aerosol Optical Depth over India in response to future scenarios: Implications for carbonaceous aerosols
Authors: Anchan Nidhi L , Swain Basudev , Sharma Amit , Singh Aishwarya , Malasani Chakradhar Reddy , Chandrasekharan Arundathi , Kumar Utkarsh , Ojha Narendra , Liu Pengfei , Vountas Marco , Gunthe Sachin S
Published: February 2024

Air pollution caused by various anthropogenic activities and biomass
burning continues to be a major problem in India. To assess the
effectiveness of current air pollution mitigation measures, we used a 3D
global chemical transport model to analyze the projected optical depth
of carbonaceous aerosol (AOD) in India under representative
concentration pathways (RCP) 4.5 and 8.5 over the period 2000-2100. Our
results show a decrease in future emissions, leading to a decrease in
modeled AOD under both RCPs after 2030. The RCP4.5 scenario shows a
48-65% decrease in AOD by the end of the century, with the
Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP) experiencing a maximum change of
~25% by 2030 compared to 2010. Conversely, RCP8.5
showed an increase in AOD of ~29% by 2050 and did not
indicate a significant decrease by the end of the century. Our study
also highlights that it is likely to take three decades for current
policies to be effective for regions heavily polluted by exposure to
carbonaceous aerosols, such as the IGP and eastern India. We emphasize
the importance of assessing the effectiveness of current policies and
highlight the need for continued efforts to address the problem of air
pollution from carbonaceous aerosols, both from anthropogenic sources
and biomass burning, in India.
Production and technological characteristics of the minor grapevine variety Sremska Zelenika
Authors: Ivanovic Jelena , Rankovic-Vasic Zorica , Jaksic Darko , Sotonica Dunja , Utvic Stefana , Kalajdzic Mladen , Nikolic Dragan
Published: February 2024

Minor grapevine varieties represent enormous value in terms of cul?tural
heritage, diversification of products with higher economic value and
adaptation to environmental conditions. This paper presents the results of
research on certain production and technological characteristics (mechanical
composition of clusters and berries, as well as chemical composition of
grape must) of a local, i.e. minor white wine variety Sremska Zelenika
examined in the agro-ecological conditions of the Fruska Gora wine-growing
sub-region (Srem wine-growing region) in the locality of Sremski Karlovci.
In the two-year research (2020 and 2021), without any yield reduction, it
was determined that the average mass of the cluster was 266.5 g. The average
sugar content in the grape must of the tested variety was 19.8%, the average
content of total acids was 6.75 g/l and the average pH of the grape must was
3.27. Comparing the results of previous researches conducted in the same
locality, it is concluded that in this research the minor variety of Sremska
Zelenika has some better production and technological characteristics.
Household chemicals as possible causes of poisoning and environmental pollution
Authors: Cupic Vitomir , Bartula Mirjana , Ivanovic Sasa , Borozan Suncica , Mujezinovic Indira , Cupic-Miladinovic Dejana
Published: February 2024

Nowadays, in order to maintain cleanliness in our houses, as well as to
maintain personal hygiene, numerous chemical agents are used every day.
Dishwashing detergents are used the most, followed by laundry detergents,
various soaps and hair sham?poos, and not infrequently descaling agents, for
cleaning ovens, unclogging drainage and sewage pipes, neutralizing
unpleasant odours, etc. Although their number is growing day by day, most
people do not realize the consequences, or at least not enough, and
especially not about their potentially toxic effects. In fact, a great deal
of the population do not consider household chemicals a particular problem,
which is true, if they are used in the pre?scribed manner. However, the fact
that these agents can cause harmful effects in humans and animals, and even
participate in environmental pollution, is more than a sufficient reason to
pay more attention to these agents, that is, to talk about them more and
obtain more information for that matter. Particularly since there are
authors who believe that some of the mentioned agents can even cause cancer,
asthma or birth defects, i.e. infertility. Household chemicals can be
divided in several ways, and one of the classifications is the one made
according to the place of use. According to this division, the products we
use every day at home can be roughly divided into those used for cleaning
and maintaining hygiene in kitch?ens, used for the same purposes in
bathrooms (including those used for personal hygiene ), and the products
used in rooms and on terraces (flower protection).
Macrophage SHP2 Deficiency Alleviates Diabetic Nephropathy via Suppression of MAPK/NF-κB-Dependent Inflammation
Authors: Han Xue , Wei Jiajia , Zheng Ruyi , Tu Yu , Wang Mengyang , Chen Lingfeng , Xu Zheng , Zheng Lei , Zheng Chao , Shi Qiaojuan , Ying Huazhong , Liang Guang
Published: February 2024

Increasing evidence implicates chronic inflammation as the main pathological cause of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Exploration of key targets in the inflammatory pathway may provide new treatment options for DN. Here, we aim to investigate the role of Src Homology 2 Containing Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 2 (SHP2) in macrophages and its association with DN. The upregulated phosphorylation of SHP2 was detected in macrophages of both diabetic patients and mouse model. Using the macrophage-specific SHP2 knockout mice (SHP2-MKO) and SHP2fl/fl mice injected with streptozotocin (STZ), we showed that SHP2-MKO significantly attenuated renal dysfunction, collagen deposition, fibrosis, and inflammatory response in STZ-induced diabetic mice. RNA-sequencing analysis using primary mouse peritoneal macrophages (MPMs) showed that SHP2 deletion mainly affects mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway and MAPKs/NF-κB-dependent inflammatory cytokine release in MPMs. Further study indicated that SHP2-deficient macrophages failed to release cytokines that induce phenotype transition and fibrosis in renal cells. Administration with a pharmacological SHP2 inhibitor, SHP099, remarkably protected kidneys in both type 1 and type 2 diabetic mice. In conclusion, these results identify macrophage SHP2 as a new accelerator of DN and suggest that SHP2 inhibition may be a therapeutic option for DN patients.
Coagulation factor FVII fine-tunes hepatic steatosis by blocking AKT-CD36-mediated fatty acid uptake
Authors: Zhang Yao , Jiang Quanxin , Liang Xingxing , Qian Qiqi , Xiong Jie , Liu Chuchu , Xu Junting , Wang Ning , Xu Ying , Zhou Peihui , Lu Sijia , Zhou Qian , Yuan Yanmei , Fan Xuemei , Liu Junli , Chen Suzhen
Published: February 2024

NAFLD is considered as a risk factor for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease owing to its close association with coagulant disturbances. However, the precise biological functions and mechanisms that connect coagulation factors to NAFLD pathology remain inadequately understood. Herein, with unbiased bioinformatic analyses followed by functional test, we demonstrate that hepatic expression of coagulation factor FVII decreases in patients and mice with NAFLD/NASH. By employing adenovirus-mediated F7-knockdown and hepatocyte-specific F7-knockout mouse models, our mechanistic investigations unveil a non-coagulant function of hepatic FVII in mitigating lipid accumulation and lipotoxicity. This protective effect is achieved through the suppression of fatty acid (FA) uptake, orchestrated via the AKT-CD36 pathway. Interestingly, we observed that intracellular FVII directly interacts with AKT and PP2A, thereby promoting their association and triggering the dephosphorylation of AKT. Therapeutic intervention through adenovirus-mediated liver-specific overexpression of FVII has resulted in noteworthy improvements in liver steatosis, inflammation, injury and fibrosis in severely afflicted NAFLD mice. In conclusion, our findings highlight coagulation factor FVII as a critical regulator of hepatic steatosis and a potential target for the treatment of NAFLD and NASH.
Geogrid donatılı istinat duvarı yapımında kullanılan dolgu malzemesinin mühendislik özelliklerinin güvenlik katsayıları üzerindeki etkisi
Authors: Özer Mustafa , Çelebi Burak
Published: February 2024

Bu çalışmada, geogridle güçlendirilmiş istinat duvarı yapımında kullanılan dolgu malzemesinin içsel sürtünme açısının ve birim hacim ağırlığının geogridin kopmaya ve sıyrılmaya karşı güvenlik katsayıları üzerindeki etkileri incelenmiştir. Bu amaçla, yapımı tamamlanmış ve hizmete açılmış bir karayolu güzergâhında bulunan ve geogridle güçlendirilmiş bir istinat duvarına ait tasarım parametreleri kullanılmıştır. Yapılan analizler sonucunda, dolgu malzemesinin içsel sürtünme açısı arttığında geogridin kopmaya ve sıyrılmaya karşı güvenlik katsayılarında artış meydana geldiği ve sıyrılmaya karşı güvenlik katsayılarının kopmaya karşı güvenlik katsayılarından daha yüksek olduğu görülmüştür. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre, geogridin kopmaya karşı güvenlik katsayısının tasarımda daha kritik olduğu ve tasarımı kontrol eden asıl faktörün kopmaya karşı güvenlik katsayısı olduğu belirlenmiştir. Dolgu malzemesinin içsel sürtünme açısındaki değişim oranıyla geogridin kopmaya karşı güvenlik katsayısındaki değişim oranı arasında hemen hemen doğrusal bir ilişki bulunduğu ve aralarında yaklaşık 2 kat fark olduğu görülmüştür. Örneğin, dolgu malzemesinin içsel sürtünme açısı %10 oranında arttığında geogridin kopmaya karşı güvenlik katsayısı yaklaşık %20 oranında artmakadır. Bununla birlikte, dolgu malzemesinin içsel sürtünme açısının geogridin sıyrılmaya karşı güvenlik katsayısı üzerindeki etkisinin kopmaya karşı güvenlik katsayısı üzerindeki etkisine kıyasla daha fazla olduğu görülmüştür. Örneğin, dolgu malzemesinin içsel sürtünme açısında %15’lik bir artış, geogridin kopmaya karşı güvenlik katsayısında yaklaşık %30 oranında bir artış meydana getirirken, sıyrılmaya karşı güvenlik katsayısında ise hesap yapılan derinliğe bağlı olarak %300 ile %60 arasında değişen oranda bir artış meydana getirmiştir. Dolgu malzemesinin birim hacim ağırlığı arttıkça geogridin kopmaya karşı güvenlik katsayısının azaldığı (yaklaşık %3), sıyrılmaya karşı güvenlik katsayısının ise arttığı (yaklaşık %10) görülmüştür
«Quis saber quem sou»: lógicas discursivas dominantes na narrativa identitária do Portugal democrático
Authors: Margato Gonçalo
Published: February 2024

Aos 48 anos, qual é a relação entre a democracia portuguesa e a metanarrativa identitária nacional? O presente ensaio procura, a partir da análise de discursos e de uma ampla revisão bibliográfica, perceber quais as lógicas discursivas que dominam a narrativa identitária tal como ela é postulada pelas elites políticas democráticas. Neste sentido, identificamos três expedientes predominantes na forma como a identidade nacional tem sido pensada em democracia: reconstrução, oclusão e inserção.
Representações da solidariedade infantil em Guimarães Rosa e Mia Couto
Authors: Oliveira Neto Francisco Barbosa de , Pereira Filha Francisca do Nascimento
Published: February 2024

Este trabalho objetiva discutir as representações da solidariedade infantil nos contos A menina de lá, de Guimarães Rosa (2011), e A menina sem palavra, de Mia Couto (2018). Para tanto, fundamenta-se na pesquisa bibliográfica, Literatura Comparada, Teoria do conto e História da infância. Os resultados da análise demonstram a dificuldade de fala e interação das personagens infantis com/na família. A conclusão do artigo é a de que as narrativas dos autores representam vozes, corpos e performances de crianças outrora silenciadas, configurando, assim, possibilidades de leitura comparada das literaturas brasileira e moçambicana.
Cultura digital
Authors: Santos Thiago , Lacerda Naziozênio Antonio
Published: February 2024

Esta pesquisa enquadra-se no campo da Linguística Aplicada e tem como objetivo investigar os novos letramentos em textos remixados de narrativa transmídia no ensino de Língua Portuguesa em uma visão transgressiva no contexto da cultura digital. A pesquisa tem embasamento teórico em Jenkins (2006), Jenks (2003), Lankshear e Knobel (2011), Pennycook (2006), Rojo e Moura (2019) e Tavares e Cruz (2016). Na metodologia, adota-se uma abordagem qualitativa, caracterizando-se como descritiva, documental e aplicada, para estudo de um corpus constituído por três mídias: álbum musical, filme documentário e postagens em rede social do universo transmídia “AmarElo”, de autoria do cantor e compositor Emicida.  Os resultados da análise da narrativa transmídia mostram as seguintes operações de remixagem: remix, sampling, video mashup e motion graphics. Conclui-se que os novos letramentos em textos remixados da narrativa transmídia podem ser trabalhados no ensino transgressivo de Língua Portuguesa, contribuindo para a participação dos alunos em uma nova mentalidade na cultura digital.
Letramento digital e Webcurrículo na formação de professores durante a pandemia do COVID-19
Authors: Melo Francisca de Magalhães , Cruz Maria Aurinete Silva da , Antunes Paula Tatiane da Silva
Published: February 2024

O presente artigo busca discutir os benefícios e os desafios enfrentados durante uma formação de professores ocorrida na pandemia de Covid-19.  Como caminho teórico tece discussões em torno de Webcurrículo, formação de professores e letramento digital. A metodologia é de cunho qualitativo-interpretativista (Bortoni-Ricardo, 2008; Paiva, 2019), e utiliza como dados de análise o relato de experiência de formadoras educacionais e materiais preparados para oficinas. Os resultados evidenciaram uma maior compreensão das tecnologias digitais para a educação, todavia, faz-se necessário enfrentar os problemas de infraestrutura, acesso e formação docente.
Assessment of Laser in Situ Keratomileusis Flap Predictability by Laser and Moria Microkeratome
Authors: Baasanjav Tsetsegjargal , Davaatseren Uranchimeg , Dambadarjaa Davaalkham , Jamyanjav Baasankhuu , Davaatseren Uranchimeg
Published: February 2024

Objective: In the present study, we compared LASIK flap thickness predictability created by a FS laser versus a Moria microkeratome in Mongolian patients. Methods: A total of ninety-six candidates for the LASIK procedure were stratified into two groups: FS laser-assisted and MK flap creation. Flap thickness was determined at five points. The side-cut angle was measured in three directions at the margin interface. LASIK flap assessment was performed one month postoperatively by Spectralis anterior segment optical coherence tomography. Results: Ninety-five participants (190 eyes) were recruited; 190 eyes were stratified to the FS group and 78 eyes to the MK group. The FS group had relatively even flap configurations, and the MK group had meniscus-shaped flaps. Regarding CR-sphere and cylinder, there was significant difference between 2 groups. The mean cylinder was -1.216 ± 0.924 in FS group while it was -0.730 ± 0.738 in MK group. Similarly, the mean sphere was -3.635 ± 2.031 in FS-LASIK group and -2.984 ± 1.502 in MK-LASIK group. The side-cut architecture varied among the two groups. OCT-C and OCT1Temporal values were significantly different between two groups. Conclusion: Improving the predictability of LASIK flap thickness and morphology is significantly important.
Effect of Panzeria Alaschanica Kupr. on Carrageenan-Induced Acute Inflammation in Rats
Authors: Ha La Tu Hu Bi Si , Tumurbaatar Khaliunaa , Chimedtseren Chimedragchaa , Damba Tsend-Ayush , Bukhbayar Tsogt , Damba Tsend-Ayush
Published: February 2024

Objectives: In the present study, we aimed to investigate the effect of Panzeria alaschanica Kupr. (P. alaschanica) on carrageenan-induced acute inflammation in rats. Method: Carrageenan-induced rat paw edema was used to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity. P. alaschanica extract (32, 64, and 160 mg/kg/ BW) or vehicle was given orally 60 minutes before the subplantar injection of carrageenan. Ibuprofen (100 mg/kg) was used as a standard drug. The carrageenan-injected paw was measured 30, 60, 120, 180, and 240 minutes after the carrageenan injection. The levels of serum tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-ELISA measured 1β, and IL-6. Results: The P. alaschanica at all given doses significantly (p˂0.01) inhibited carrageenan-induced rat paw edema. Moreover, it significantly reduced TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 serum levels at different doses (p˂0.01). The anti-inflammatory effect of P. alaschanica was comparable to ibuprofen. Conclusion: P. alaschanica has an anti-inflammatory impact on carrageenan-induced paw edema in rats. The mechanism of action may partly be via reducing the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6.
KIMURA’S DISEASE: Presenting as unilateral parotid mass
Authors: Erdenebat Khaliun , Purevjav Gantuya , Dagvadorj Nyamdulam , Enkhjargal Enkhjin , Zolboot Gantsetseg , Munkhsonguuli Uugantamir , Jamts Odkhuu , Badamkhatan Khaliun , Enkhbold Erdenepurev , Zayabat Enkhzul , Bayarmagnai Uranchimeg , Dagvabazar Norovbanzad , Lkhagvadorj Sayamaa
Published: February 2024

Objectives: Kimura’s disease (KD), or eosinophilic lymphogranuloma, is a rare chronic inflammatory condition with unclear etiology. We aim to present our experience with this condition and review the available literature. Methods: This report depicts a pathologically proven case of KD in a 44-year-old man with gradually increased swelling in his left parotid region for the past year, which was painless, and pruritus. Results: This report depicts a pathologically proven case of KD in a 44-year-old man with gradually increased swelling in his left parotid region for the past year, which was painless, and pruritus. Conclusion: This report depicts a pathologically proven case of KD in a 44-year-old man with gradually increased swelling in his left parotid region for the past year, which was painless, and pruritus.
Performance Management in Healthcare: From Key Performance Indicators to Balanced Scorecard
Authors: Baasandorj Lkhagvasuren , Sukhbaatar Altantuya
Published: February 2024

No abstract in English
Constitutional and legal principles of ensuring the independence of judges of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine
Authors: Berch V. V. , Byelov D. M. , Bysaga Yu. M.
Published: February 2024

The independence of judges constitutes one of the fundamental components of the legal system in any democratic country. Within the legal framework of Ukraine, the constitutional and legal principles guaranteeing the independence of judges, specifically those of the Constitutional Court, represent a key element of the legal structure ensuring the stability of the rule of law, the protection of human rights, and the development of the rule-of-law state.

It is emphasized that the guarantees of the independence of courts of general jurisdiction and bodies of constitutional justice play a critical role in ensuring legal stability and protecting judges from political or external influences. The independence of judges in performing their functions is crucial in upholding the principles of the rule of law and justice. Therefore, it is vital to ensure an effective mechanism to safeguard this independence from any external pressure or influence, regardless of the sphere of jurisdiction.

It has been identified that one potential drawback associated with expressing a separate opinion of a judge of the Constitutional Court could be the blurring of the clarity of the adopted decision. Separate opinions generate significant interest among scholars and practicing lawyers, with the texts of such opinions often utilized in the educational process of legal institutions and drawing attention from judges of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine during the consideration of similar cases. As these documents contain doctrinal views on various aspects of cases reviewed by the Constitutional Court of Ukraine, they become the subject of additional analysis and consideration.

It is noted that ensuring the independence of judges of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine is based on a comprehensive system of constitutional and legal guarantees aimed at ensuring their independence in resolving important constitutional issues and preserving the principles of the rule-of-law state in Ukraine.

Moreover, Ukraine, as a participant in international treaties and organizations, is obliged to adhere to international standards in the field of justice and guaranteeing judicial independence. Consequently, means of protecting the rights of judges of the Constitutional Court are developed and adapted to international normative documents.
The concept and classification of principles of constitutional-legal responsibility of subjects of the electoral process
Authors: Vyshnevska M. M.
Published: February 2024

In this scientific article, the concept and classification of the principles of constitutional-legal responsibility of subjects of the electoral process are examined and analyzed. It is established that elections are a phenomenon guided by central principles of democracy. They provide citizens with the opportunity to choose their representatives and determine the future of the country. However, to ensure the fairness and legality of the electoral process, it is essential to have an effective system of constitutional-legal responsibility for the subjects of the electoral process.

Fundamental (basic) principles of constitutional-legal responsibility of subjects of the electoral process include legitimacy and legality, honesty and transparency, justice, accountability and punishment, independence of the electoral commission, freedom of speech and media independence, international observation, as well as the principle of popular sovereignty.

It is emphasized that the principle of justice is fundamental to ensuring the democracy and legitimacy of the electoral process. It helps ensure that all participants have equal conditions for expressing their political preferences and freely expressing the will of the citizens through voting. Constitutional-legal responsibility also includes a prohibition of discrimination and ensuring equal opportunities for all subjects of the electoral process.

Highlighting the principle of independence of the electoral commission, it is crucial for ensuring fairness and trust in the electoral process. The electoral administration should be entirely apolitical, meaning that electoral bodies and commissions should not be influenced by any political party or candidate. They should operate independently of political ambitions and interests, strictly adhering to the laws and constitutional norms of the country. Their actions and decisions should be based on the law rather than political or personal beliefs.

In summary, the principles of constitutional-legal responsibility of subjects of the electoral process are guiding ideas and fundamental principles enshrined in the Constitution and laws of Ukraine, defining the content and essence of the constitutional-legal responsibility of participants in the electoral process, the peculiarities of the development of its normative-legal regulation, and the specifics of its application.
The formation of women`s suffrage in the USA in the XIX-XX centuries
Authors: Petrechenko S. A.
Published: February 2024

In the scientific article, the author analyzed the issue of the formation of women’s suffrage in the United States of America. The meaning of the “conference to discuss the social, civil and religious condition and rights of women” held in Seneca Falls in 1848 is revealed. The role of suffragettes, their complex international connections and strategies for the development of women’s rights are outlined. The achievements of Mary Wollstonecraft, Maria Stuart, Francisca Anneke, Sarah Parker Remond, Stanton, Anthony, Ida Wells, Frances Harper, Churchy Terrell, Alice Paul and the social movement of abolitionists in the process of securing women’s rights, including women’s suffrage, are revealed. The importance of the founding of the International Woman Suffrage Alliance, the International Women’s League, the World Women’s Christian Temperance Union, the International Council of Women, the National Association of Colored Women, the Congressional Union for Woman Suffrage, and the Inter-American Commission on Women is characterized. The emergence of the internationalism of women’s suffrage, the spread of feminism is analyzed. The events and consequences of the struggle for women’s suffrage in the USA are summarized. In particular, it notes that the transnational legacy of the suffrage movement is evident in the ongoing aspirations of US women for full citizenship today. Then, as now, the struggle for women’s rights is linked to global movements for human rights – for immigrant, racial, labor and feminist justice. The internationalism of the women’s suffrage movement shows us that activists and movements outside the USA, as well as a wide range of diverse international causes, were crucial to the organization of what was considered such a quintessentially American right to vote. The emergence of women’s suffrage reminds us how much we have to learn from feminist struggles around the world. We see the prospects for further scientific research in the study of women’s suffrage in the states of the EU and other countries of the world and in their comparison. A scientific article can be useful for experts, historians and students.
Dimensions of the constitution
Authors: Pustovalova I. S.
Published: February 2024

The article is devoted to the conceptualization of the dimensions of the constitution as an important direction of modern political and legal research. It was noted that the category “dimension” combines the objective determination of the influence of the constitution on the course of social relations with its utilitarian value.

Given the complexity and multidimensionality of society, it can be argued that there can be many dimensions of the constitution. However, it is known that the constitution to one degree or another regulates (consolidates) all four subsystems of the social system: political, economic, social, and spiritual and cultural. Therefore, the most general, system-creating dimensions of the constitution can be only four - according to the number of subsystems of the social system. All of them can be covered by the term “general or general social dimensions”.

The author claims that from a legal point of view, we should be primarily interested in those “internal” dimensions of the constitution that characterize the significance of the constitution for the state mechanism and the national legal system. They, again conditionally, can be called “special” or “legal”. The relevant criteria should be sufficiently universal and significant, capable of being applied to states of different levels of development and different historical eras. At the same time, it should be understood that the constitution is only a legal instrument, so it can neither be blamed for a bad political choice nor praised for a good one.

In the broadest plan, five main legal criteria for the success of the constitution are proposed – these are its endurance (permanence), legitimacy, the ability to resolve political conflicts in a legal way, the ability to limit agency costs, as well as to promote the production of public goods.

The opinion that according to the vast majority of the dimensions listed above, the current Constitution of Ukraine of 1996 demonstrates quite high results, being an example of a modern and effective Basic Law, is justified. The main problem facing the national Constitution in this regard is the problem of limiting the so-called “agency costs”, especially in the area of corruption prevention.
Biomedical and ethical principles of transplantation in the context of the protection of human rights and the application of the EEC Convention
Authors: Chornenka D. S.
Published: February 2024

The article examines the biomedical and ethical principles of transplantation in the context of the protection of human rights and the application of the Oviedo Convention. The Convention on Human Rights and Biomedicine established the basic principles of protection of living donors (Article 19 and Article 20), in particular directed against any financial or comparable benefit resulting from the use of the human body or body parts (Article 21). The additional protocol to the Convention extended their effect to all aspects of the transplantation process, in particular the procurement and distribution of organs and tissues and the technical and medical techniques used in this process. It is noted that the requirement for the transplantation system is to ensure the safety of potential recipients by guaranteed tracking of the origin of all organs, tissues or cells intended for transplantation. This requirement should not conflict with the need to protect the privacy and personal data of donors and recipients. Its ultimate goal, together with the requirement to comply with ethical standards, is to optimally use the available organs while simultaneously reducing the possibility of their unfair distribution and preventing the risk of trafficking in them. It was emphasized that the Additional Protocol establishes important requirements of transparency and fairness: the transplantation system created in the states must be well structured, take into account all available organs and follow the official sequence of their distribution (Article 3). The nature or organization of the transplantation system is not defined in the Additional Protocol itself, so whether to involve local, regional, national or international organizations in order to guarantee the functioning of such a system is up to each state to decide at its own discretion. Transplant candidates should be prioritized on a medical basis, and the persons or bodies responsible for deciding on the allocation of places in the queue should adhere to this framework. The transparency of the distribution system of donor materials is important in this aspect. This is stated, in particular, in Art. 3 of the Protocol, according to which the transplantation system itself exists to ensure fair access of patients to transplantation services. At the same time, organs and tissues «are distributed only among patients from the official waiting list according to transparent, objective and duly confirmed rules and medical indications», and the transplantation system «provides for the collection and recording of information that is necessary to ensure the tracking of organs and tissues» .
The prosecutor’s influence on compliance with the principle of equality of parties in civil proceedings
Authors: Hlushkov V. O.
Published: February 2024

Despite the reform of the prosecutor’s office carried out in the period from 2014 to 2016, one of the main ideas of which was the maximum concentration of the prosecutor’s office on activities within the criminal process excluding the so-called “general supervision”, every year, the courts of Ukraine consider more and more civil cases cases initiated by the prosecutor acting in accordance with Art. 23 of the Law of Ukraine “On the Prosecutor’s Office” No. 1697-VII dated October 14, 2014.

This circumstance definitely calls into question the effectiveness of the reform and creates the need to analyze its results. Also, it is considered appropriate to check whether the current legislation of Ukraine defines the range of interests of the state that the prosecutor’s office has the right to defend in court, whether there is no place for the prosecutor to abuse his right to represent the interests of the state in civil proceedings, as well as whether the participation of the prosecutor affects compliance with the principle equality of all participants in the civil process before the law and the court, which is one of the basic principles of civil justice, defined as part 3 of Article 2 of the Civil Procedure Code of Ukraine and Article 129 of the Basic Law of Ukraine.

This article also publicizes the author’s position regarding the existence of a problem in the fact that the prosecutor’s office is empowered to initiate legal proceedings on virtually any issue that, to one degree or another, is of importance to the state.In addition, the main ideas and goals that were pursued and declared by the legislator during the reform of the prosecutor’s office were highlighted, judicial practice and conclusions of domestic courts, made after the reform, were analyzed, and attention was also paid to the conclusions of the European Court of Human Rights, in the context of: the expediency of empowering the prosecutor’s office powers to represent the interests of the state in civil proceedings; prevention of duplication by the prosecutor of the functions of bodies authorized to perform state functions; the need to observe the principle of equality of participants in the legal process before the law and the court, as well as paragraph 1 of Article 6 of the Convention “On the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms”.
History of appeal of notarial deeds or refusal to perform them in court in Ukraine (late 18th - early 20th centuries)
Authors: Dzhuga M. V.
Published: February 2024

The article is devoted to judicial control over notarial activities during the times of Austrian and Russian rule on Ukrainian lands (end of the 18th - beginning of the 20th century).

It is noted that the 19th century is a significant period for the domestic notary, since it is at this time that it is formed as an independent institution in the system of law enforcement agencies. Two types of notaries were built on Ukrainian lands as part of the Austrian and Russian empires: Latin and state. As a result, the author conducts a comparative legal study of the mechanism of challenging notarial actions or refusal to perform them in court in different types of notary offices that were built in Ukraine at that time.

It is claimed that the Russian notarial legislation was based on the Austrian one, in particular the Austrian Notarial Order of 1855 was laid as the basis of the Russian Regulation on the Notarial Part of 1866.

It is concluded that it was not possible to build a Latin-type notary in Russia due to the lack of civil society and the prerequisites for its formation, as well as the desire of the state to put notary bodies under its control.

On the other hand, the mechanism of judicial control over the activities of notaries in the two empires was similar. A notary public could be subject to civil, criminal and disciplinary liability for failure to fulfill his duties. It was within the framework of the latter that the institution of judicial appeal of notarial acts or refusal to perform them developed. Disciplinary proceedings carried out by the courts (in Austria also by the notary chamber as a notary self-governing body) regarding the consideration of such complaints were carried out outside the civil process, but it was possible to file claims to challenge the legal force of notarial acts under the rules of civil procedure. This was allowed by both the Russian Statute of Civil Procedure of 1864 and the Austrian Civil Procedure Code of 1895.
Problems of registration of acts of civil status of Ukrainians abroad who left during martial law in Ukraine
Authors: Egorov V. O.
Published: February 2024

Acts of civil status are actions and events that occur and initiate, change, supplement or terminate inextricably linked to an individual and the possibility of being a subject of civil rights and obligations.

The State Register of Civil Status Acts must include the following information: birth; adoption; deprivation and restoration of parental rights; marriage registration; divorce; change of name; and death of an individual. The authorized bodies empowered to carry out state civil registration are the state civil registration authorities (central executive body in the field of state civil registration, state civil registration departments of the Main Department of Justice of the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine in the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, main departments of justice in regions, cities of Kyiv and Sevastopol, district, district in cities, city (cities of regional significance), city and district departments of justice).

A vital record is a state document issued by an authorized body to carry out state registration of civil status acts, which contains personal information about a person and confirms the fact of such an action or event.

Over the past two years, the state has significantly simplified the state registration of civil status acts. In particular, it is now possible to submit an application for marriage registration through the Unified State Web Portal of Electronic Services (Diia Portal), and if one of the spouses is a military officer, state registration of marriage can be conducted by the civil registry offices without the personal participation of such a bride or groom, and state registration of civil status acts can be conducted in diplomatic missions.

The full-scale invasion of Ukraine by the Russian Federation has provoked an unprecedented flow of Ukrainians who were forced to flee Ukraine abroad as a result of the fighting. According to the Ombudsman of Ukraine, as of 2022, 14.5 million Ukrainians have left the country. The exact figures are being investigated.

However, many citizens abroad face problems with state registration of civil status acts in diplomatic missions, which makes it impossible for them to fully exercise their right.
Subcontract under the legislation of Ukraine and the legislation of the EU
Authors: Kovalenko I. A.
Published: February 2024

The object of this article is social relations that arise in the process of researching civil-law relations in the field of providing services under a contract and a subcontract. And the subject of the study is the comparative characteristics of the contract under the legislation of Ukraine and the legislation of the EU countries.

In the 60s of the last century, contracts for the provision of services and contracts for the performance of works began to be distinguished in domestic construction and in the construction of foreign countries. The basis for distinguishing between these contracts is that the obligation to perform work and the obligation to provide services mediates economic relations regarding the provision of services, but the services have a dual nature (material and immaterial), which led to the difference in their legal regulation.

The contract for the provision of services is one of the oldest institutions of private law, the origins of which can be found in Roman law. In classical Roman law, there are detailed contractual structures that mediate the process of providing services. At the same time, it should be noted that there was no detailed definition of their concept in Roman law.

In Roman law, a contract for the provision of services is understood as a group of contracts under which one party undertakes to provide certain services for the benefit of another party (the lessor), and the lessor – to pay a set fee for these services.

Probably, initially, the contract for the provision of services was not a special type of contract, and therefore did not have an established contractual structure. Only with the development of trade and civilized thinking, the contract for the provision of services is brought under one of the established structures.

Consideration of the peculiarities of the legal regulation of subcontracting and subcontracting under the civil legislation of Ukraine and foreign countries is not only interesting, but also relevant. The relevance of this topic lies in the fact that one of the main trends in the development of the modern economy is the rapid growth of the service sector, which covers a wide range of activities aimed at meeting the personal needs of the population and the needs of production, as well as the needs of society as a whole: from trade, transport and financing to insurance, mediation and consulting. The methodological basis consists of the general scientific method of learning legal reality, as well as the following methods: comparative-legal, structural- functional; methods of document analysis, synthesis.

A subcontract is a civil law contract under which one party (the contractor) undertakes at its own risk to perform certain work on behalf of the other party (the customer), and the customer undertakes to accept and pay for the work performed.
Peace agreement (reconciliation) in civil and administrative jurisdiction: a comparative aspect of the study
Authors: Lazur Ya. V. , Zaborovskyy V. V. , Cherevko P. P.
Published: February 2024

The article is devoted to a comparative legal study of the institution of settlement agreement (conciliation) in the fields of civil procedural and administrative procedural law.

The main purpose of the article is to highlight the significance of the settlement agreement in civil and administrative processes. Attention is drawn to the fact that when a settlement agreement is concluded and approved by the court, the parties have the right to independently choose a way out of the conflict situation, while the court is released from the obligation to review the merits of the case for which proceedings have already been opened. The value of the settlement agreement is to encourage the parties to voluntarily fulfill their obligations, thereby reducing the burden on enforcement agencies. Therefore, the right to conclude a settlement agreement in administrative and civil processes is an important procedural tool that contributes to the successful protection of the rights and interests of the participants in the process and the parties to the case, as well as relieves the court’s activity in considering court cases.

A comparison of the normative and legal regulation of the settlement agreement by the norms of the Civil Procedure Code of Ukraine and the Code of Administrative Procedure of Ukraine is carried out. The commonality of legislative approaches in solving such issues as who can conclude a peace agreement (reconciliation) is noted; the possibility of the parties to go beyond the scope of the dispute when concluding a settlement agreement (conciliation statements); availability of a written settlement agreement (reconciliation) of the parties; the court’s duty to explain to the parties the procedural consequences of approving a settlement agreement (reconciliation); the court’s obligation to check the terms of the settlement agreement (reconciliation) before approving them; fixing the terms of the settlement agreement (reconciliation) in the court decision, which simultaneously closes the proceedings in the case; the presence in most cases of identical reservations regarding the impossibility of approving a settlement agreement (reconciliation) of the parties, etc. On the other hand, distinctive features of the normative regulation of the settlement agreement and the reconciliation of the parties in civil and administrative proceedings, respectively, are noted. Based on this, it is proposed to improve domestic legislation in the field of civil and administrative jurisdiction.
The role of Magdeburg law for the political, economic and cultural formation of Ostroh in the XVI-XVII centuries
Authors: Humeniuk S. M. , Kyrychuk B. S.
Published: February 2024

The article examines the impact of the concept of Magdeburglawontheeconomic, political and cultural development of Ostrohin the 16th-17th centuries. The author establishes that today there are many issues which require through research and resolution, inparticular, the introduction of a clear division of administrative functions between state authorities and local self-government bodies, improvement of the system and structure of local self-government bodies, and creation of an appropriate legislative framework. It is believed that it is impossible to solve these problems without a clear and systematic analysis of the mainstages of formation of local self-government in the contex to historical data on Magdeburg law.

The author establishes that Magdeburg law is a medieval type of law under which cities were partially exempted from the power of the central royal administration or the power of a feudal lord and, as a result, were able to self-governon a corporate basis. Thanks to the privileges of Magdeburg law, cities for the first time received self-government, their own mayor, mayor, councilors, shopkeepers, their own courts, and the right to create their own craftsmen’s shops.

The article confirms the idea that Magdeburg law is perhaps the clearest evidence that Ukrainian cities form any centuries were in a single political, cultural and economic space on a par with the leading cities of Europe. This thesis is confirmed by the history of the Magdeburg in many centers of our country, including the largest educational center of sixteenth-century Volhynia, the legendary city of Ostroh. Despite the outstanding importance of Ostroh in the socio-political and cultural life of Ukraine at the turn of the Middle Agesand the Modernera, the formation of the Magdeburg in this city has long been misinterpreted due to the lack of historical sources. The adoption of the concept of Magdeburg law provided Ostroh with a unique opportunity to develop local trade and, most importantly, the educational sphere. A characteristic feature of Magdeburg law in Ukrainian cities at the end of the sixteenth century was the transformation of its norms due to the influence of current factors of socio-economic development, as well as ancient Russian traditions of urban organization and law. Thus, the Magdeburg law did not initiate a new process of establishing local government in Ukraine, but only modified to a certain extent the existing norms of life and management of local affairs.
Some aspects of legal regulation of cryptocurrency circulation in Ukraine
Authors: Marchenko V. , Dombrovska A.
Published: February 2024

The impact of modern information technology has led to the emergence of a new form of currency – cryptocurrency, based on blockchain technology. This study aims to analyze the existing legal framework and delve into potential ways of legal regulation of activities related to the circulation of cryptocurrencies, in particular bitcoin. To achieve this goal, the study used a comprehensive set of both general scientific and specialized cognitive methods, including the comparative legal method, the systemic and structural method, methods of generalization, analysis and synthesis.

The study clarifies the essence of blockchain-based cryptocurrencies as an alternative to traditional fiat currencies based on the fundamental principle of decentralization. It is noteworthy that among the many cryptocurrencies, bitcoin stands out with a distinctive feature called “hardness,” which gives it the properties of “digital gold.” This quality makes bitcoin a powerful means of preserving value, like precious metals, strengthening its status in global finance.

In addition, the study outlines the current state of legal regulation of relations related to the circulation of virtual assets. A thorough analysis of the existing legal framework and its effectiveness in addressing the unique challenges posed by decentralized currencies has also been conducted.

The study pays considerable attention to the prospects for the development of legal regulation of cryptocurrencies, which will consider the dynamic nature of virtual assets.

To summarize, this study contributes to the understanding of the economic intricacies inherent in blockchain-based cryptocurrencies, with a special emphasis on the “hardness” of bitcoin as a distinguishing factor. In addition, the study sheds light on the current state of legal regulation of virtual assets, paving the way for insightful predictions of the future regulatory landscape. This work not only adds to the academic discourse around cryptocurrencies, but also serves as a valuable resource for policymakers, practitioners and academics grappling with the challenges and opportunities presented by this new financial paradigm.