bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ASSESSING SUSTAINABILITY OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT IN BANGKOK, THAILAND
Authors:   , Chanhthamixay Bokham
Published: November 2023

The significant increase of waste volume causes numerous impacts on several aspects of sustainable development including social, economy, and environment. This research aimed at investigating the effectiveness of municipal solid waste management in Bangkok by applying Wasteaware indicators. Structured questionnaires were used for in-depth interviews with key stakeholders. The data was analyzed using Wasteaware datasheet under Microsoft Excel with score coding. In parallel, this research investigated factors that influence public participation intention in terms of waste separation at source, using random sampling method among Bangkok population (n=1,076) and logistic regression for data analysis. The overall assessment demonstrated the appropriate management on waste treatment and disposal of Bangkok which are found to be positive points. However, the lack of effective regulation enforcement related MSW management, the efficiency of waste collection services, and the insufficient promotion of resource management are identified as key weak points. In terms of financing sustainability, some improvements are needed to reduce disposal costs particularly on the promotion of 3Rs. Apart from waste management issues, the analysis result on households survey showed that the current behavior at home or at workplace, knowledge on how to separate waste, available space, subjective norm, mistrust in the MSW service, and general knowledge about waste are the key factors influencing waste separation intention among Bangkok population.
Prediction of Alum Dosage in Coagulation Process by Weka Program: A Case Study in Vientiane Capital, Lao PDR
Authors:   , Ladsavong Khoumkham
Published: November 2023

This research topic entitled of "Prediction of Alum Dosage in the Coagulation Process using Weka Program". The data resources collected from 2 water treatment plants i.e. Chinaimo Water Treatment Plant (CWTP) and Dongmarkkaiy Water Treatment Plant in Vientiane Capital, Lao PDR. Those data resources were collected from the previous Jar-Test experimental. For the CWTP, the data resources collected from 2009 to 2016, we selected 2,038 records. For the DWTP, the data resources collected from 2008 to 2016, we selected 2,802 records. The model building for alum dosage prediction, we used 4 methods i.e. Multilayer Perceptron (MLP), M5Rules, M5P, and REPTree with 2 data groups i.e. the first data group, we substituted all missing values of each parameter by the average values of that parameter. For the second data group, we have cut off the missing values to reduce bias. The results indicated that the model building for alum dosage prediction by M5Rules method from the model group 1 of the CWTP realizes the less RMSE of 4.043 than another method when we have used this method to predict the alum dosage in the real applications. Thus, the M5Rules method realizes higher precision and credibility than other methods. On the other hand, in the DWTP, we found that the model building for alum dosage prediction by using MLP method from model group 1 realizes the less RMSE of 1.849 when we used it to predict the alum dosage in the real applications. Therefore, the MLP method yields the higher accuracy and dependability than other methods of the DWTP. Finally, the model had the highest precision in the drying season than raining season.
Profenofos removal by pseudomonas plecoglossicida PF1 and acinetobacter baylyi GFJ2 in free and immobilized cell forms and their motility
Authors:   , Ploychankul Chutima
Published: November 2023

Profenofos, a widely used pesticide, has been reported contamination in environment. This study investigated profenofos removal using the immobilized bacterial cells. Cell movement ability related to biodegradation performance was emphasized. Two profenofos-degrading strains, Pseudomonas plecoglossicida PF1 (PF1) and Acinetobacter baylyi GFJ2 (GFJ2) which were motile and non-motile bacteria, respectively were applied. The study divided into 2 parts. For the first part, characterization of profenofos biodegradation by PF1 and GFJ2 influencing by environmental conditions (effects of pH, temperature, and profenofos concentration) was performed. For the second part, the applications of the immobilized cells in batch (effects of the immobilized cell sizes and inorganic salts) and column (effect of profenofos concentrations) tests were examined to accomplish on the gap knowledge between the removal efficiency and behavior of the microorganisms after being immobilized in the matrices comparing to the free cell. The well-known cell entrapment matrix, calcium alginate (CA), was selected. The result showed that both PF1 and GFJ2 were the potential profenofos-degrading microorganisms with a high profenofos removal percentage (60-90%). Optimal conditions for profenofos biodegradation were at pHs of 5.30-7.87, temperatures of 20-40 °C, and profenofos concentrations of 10-200 mg/L. For the batch experiment, the bead size obviously affected the profenofos removal performance. The suitable bead size in this study was 4 mm-diameter. PF1 was positive in motility assays. PF1 got attraction by profenofos resulting in high removal efficiency. For the column experiment, the immobilization technique well retained both motile and non-motile cells. It was also found natural cell colonization on sand in the free cell columns led to similar profenofos removal performance by the free and immobilized cells (60-90%). For the long term, motile bacterium (PF1) either in free or immobilized cell forms performed better than GFJ2.
Ammonia oxidation process of entrapped and suspended cell inhibited by silver nanoparticles
Authors:   , Giao Nguyen
Published: November 2023

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are widely used in commercial products because of their excellent antimicrobial activity. Entrance of AgNPs and its released Ag ions (Ag+) into wastewater treatment plants could harm ammonia oxidation (AO) process resulting in environmental problems. This study aimed to study inhibitory effect of AgNPs and Ag+ on AO process in suspended cells of ammonia oxidizing cultures enriched at initial ammonia concentrations of 0.5 and 30 mM (called NAS 0.5 mM and NAS 30 mM, respectively) and then mitigation measures using entrapment technique were tested. The results indicated that AgNPs and Ag+ were higher toxic to NAS 0.5 mM than NAS 30 mM due to different proportion of active ammonia oxidizers and communities. Silver nanoparticles of 1-100 mg/L inhibited AO activity by 90.6 ± 8.6% to 94.8 ± 4.3% and 44.9 ± 2.4% to 73.8 ± 1.5%, whereas Ag+ concentration of 0.05- 0.50 mg/L inhibited by 86.3 ± 0.8% to 93.4 ± 1.24% and 52.7 ± 2.14% to 93.9 ± 1.89% for NAS 0.5 mM and NAS 30 mM, respectively. The inhibition result suggested that the AgNP toxicity mainly derived from the liberated Ag+. The primary mechanism for toxicity of AgNPs and Ag+ caused microbial cell death. Cell entrapped in barium alginate (BA), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and the mixture of PVA-BA used to mitigate negative influence of AgNPs and Ag+. The results showed that BA, PVA, and PVA-BA- entrapped cells remained AO 81-100%, 57-97%, and 75-100% at AgNPs 1-100 mg/L whereas the entrapped cells remained AO 98-100%, 61-99%, and 79-100% under Ag+ 0.05-0.50 mg/L, respectively. Less damage of membrane integrity in the entrapped cells experiments with AgNPs and Ag+ indicated that the entrapped cells were less exposed to silver since the entrapment matrices could limit mass transfer of silver into the gel beads. BA and PVA-BA were highly recommended for further study in the mitigating toxicity of AgNPs and Ag+ since they remained high cell viability and more stable in synthetic wastewater.
MICROTENSILE BOND STRENGTH OF REPAIRED CERAMIC USING RESIN COMPOSITE WITH UNIVERSAL ADHESIVE SYSTEM COMPARED TO CONVENTIONAL BONDING SYSTEM IN VITRO
Authors:   , Lertthawinchira Chisanu
Published: November 2023

The purpose of this study was toThe effectiveness of two types of ceramic, repaired using a resin composite and a universal adhesive were compared to a conventional adhesive. The effectiveness of two types of ceramic, repaired using a resin composite and a universal adhesive were compared to a conventional adhesive. Leucite-reinforced glass ceramic ingots (IPS Empress® Esthetic; “EE”; Ivoclar Vivadent, Germany) and lithium-disilicate glass ceramic ingots (IPS e.max® Press; “EM”; Ivoclar Vivadent, Germany) were fabricated into a ceramic block size 8x8x4 mm. The ceramic surfaces were wet polished with silicon carbide paper and then treated with 9.5 % hydrofluoric acid (Ultradent® Porcelain Etch; Ultradent, USA). Resin composite (FiltekTM Z350 XT; 3M ESPE, USA), shade A4, was built up with two adhesive systems, one half (“U”) using universal dental adhesive (Single BondTM Universal; 3M ESPE, USA) and the other (“C”) using total etch dental adhesive (AdperTM ScotchbondTM Multipurpose Plus; 3M ESPE, USA) combined with ceramic primer (RelyxTM Ceramic Primer; 3M ESPE, USA). The specimens were stored in water at 37°C for 24 hours and then subjected to thermocycling for 10,000 cycles prior to a microtensile bond strength (µTBS) test. Modes of failure were analyzed using a stereomicroscope (ML 9300; MEIJI, Japan). Three-way ANOVA and a Bonferroni post-hoc test was used to analyze the data (n = 36, α = 0.05). There was no significant difference between the immediate and aging groups (p = 0.207). However, a Bonferroni post-hoc test revealed significant differences among all tested groups. The highest µTBS was recorded by the “EMC” group (36.3±13.1), while the lowest was found in the “EEU” group (22.0±7.9). The µTBS between the resin composite and ceramic repaired using a conventional adhesive system was higher compared with a universal adhesive system, especially in the lithium disilicate type.
A comparison of implant stability between implant placed without bone graft versus with bone graft using GBR technique : a resonance frequency analysis
Authors:   , Janyaphadungpong Ruengsiri
Published: November 2023

Objective : To compare the implant stability using the insertion torque (IT) and implant stability quotient (ISQ) values over the 12 weeks period between implant placement in bone without bone graft (control group) and with bone graft using the guided bone regeneration (GBR) technique (study group). The secondary objective was to assess the correlation between the IT and ISQ values of the two groups
Materials and Methods : In the control group, 20 implants were placed in bone without bone regeneration in 15 patients, whereas in the study group, 10 implants were placed in favorable bone defects at buccal aspect with simultaneous guided bone regeneration in 7 patients. IT (Ncm) of each implant was recorded when fully inserted. ISQ values were obtained from the Osstell® ISQ at the time of implant placement, and at 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks. The differences between two groups were analyzed by the t-test, the Mann-Whitney U test and the Repeated measures ANOVA. The Pearson and the Spearman correlation tests were used to analyze statistical correlations. All of the analyses were performed using a 95% confidence level.

Results : The mean IT values of the control group was 27.75 ± 8.96 Ncm and the study groups was 30.5 ± 8.96 Ncm. No difference in IT was found between the two groups (P = 0.502). The mean ISQ values at baseline and at 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks of the control group were 74.30 ± 6.01, 69.58 ± 5.30, 71.10 ± 5.80, 75.08 ± 3.93 and 77.85 ± 3.18, respectively, and the mean ISQ values of the control group were 69.85 ± 7.00, 63.40 ± 8.47, 59.90 ± 10.23, 72.55 ± 3.10 and 76.20 ± 2.68. Statistically significant differences in the mean ISQ values between the control and study groups were found at 2 weeks (P = 0.021) and at 4 weeks (P = 0.007). There was no significant correlation between the IT and ISQ values of the control and study groups.
Conclusions: There was no difference in IT between the control and study groups, while the difference in the changes of ISQ values during the 12 weeks healing period between implant placement without bone graft and with bone graft using the guided bone regeneration (GBR) technique were found. There was no correlation between the IT and ISQ values.
Investor types and trading of the environment, social and governance stocks in the Stock Exchange of Thailand
Authors:   , Taechaubol Kittikhun
Published: November 2023

This study involves finding how the Environmental Social and Governance (ESG) or the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) affects investors’ attention in the Stock Exchange of Thailand. The goal is to examine whether there is any interest in investing on the companies with good ESG or CSR practice in the Stock Exchange of Thailand (SET) represented by those in the Environment Social and Governance 100 (ESG100) list by Thaipat Institution or in the Thailand Sustainability Investment (TSI) list by SET, announced during 2014-2015. Conducting an event study, upon examination of these events, the result shows that there are significantly negative abnormal returns of the TSI list. On the other hand, there are less significantly negative for the abnormal returns after announcement for the ESG100 list. As the result of CAAR is very economically small for daily and yearly returns, investors are unlikely to be able to exploit the abnormal returns for trading strategy. In addition, this research study further examines which types of investors are more concerned about the companies advocating for CSR and finds that foreign investors concern more CSR stocks than institutional investors and institutional investors concern CSR stocks less than individual investors but there are no significant comparing foreign investors with individual investors for the method that uses percentage of buy and sell to compute trade imbalance, while there is no significant difference across investor types for trade imbalance calculated using levels of buy and sell method.
Effect of Ramadan Fasting on Circulating Leptin and Adiponectin Levels and Metabolic Profiles in Healthy Men Thai Muslim Population
Authors:   , Prasetya Guntari
Published: November 2023

Ramadan fasting, the 9th month of Islamic lunar calendar is one of the religious worship among Muslims. All healthy adult Muslims must refrain from eating, drinking, smoking, and sexual relationship from dawn to dusk. Ramadan fasting, a unique model of intermittent fasting has been investigated since the last 5 decades and the heterogeneous findings regarding to the impact of this Islamic fasting in health and certain diseases gain more investigations. Aim of this study is to determine the effect of Ramadan fasting on circulating leptin and adiponectin levels and metabolic profiles in healthy men. One month (29 days) of Ramadan fasting in a year of 2015 was conducted (before and after three weeks of Ramadan fasting). Twenty seven healthy men (19-31 years) were eligible and completed study. The outcomes measured in comparison at before and after three weeks of Ramadan fasting were including biochemical parameters (circulating serum leptin and adiponectin and metabolic profiles: fasting plasma glucose, insulin, and lipid profile); anthropometry, body composition, dietary intake and physical activity. Ramadan fasting did not pose significant changes on circulating leptin and adiponectin levels. Serum total cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) were decreased significantly, while fasting plasma glucose, serum insulin, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), triglycerides, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index were remained unchanged. A significant reduction in body weight, BMI, fat mass, fat free mass, muscle mass, and waist and hip circumferences were noted after three weeks of Ramadan fasting. Energy, carbohydrate, and fat intake were decreased significantly, whereas physical activity was remained unchanged. In conclusion, despite of modulation in metabolic profiles and improvement in body composition, Ramadan fasting did not significantly alter circulating leptin and adiponectin levels. Further extensive studies is needed to validate and determine the clinically effect of Ramadan fasting in healthy men.
Development of ice cream fortified with calcium and vitamin D3 emulsion
Authors:   , Tipchuwong Nardauma
Published: November 2023

This study aimed to develop ice cream fortified with calcium and emulsified vitamin D3 using milk proteins as an emulsifier. Physicochemical stability of vitamin D3 emulsion using different milk protein emulsifiers including nonfat dry milk (NFDM), sodium caseinate (NaCN), and whey protein isolate (WPI) was investigated. Emulsion using NaCN had the smallest oil droplet size and the lowest creaming index throughout the storage time (P < 0.05). Then, vitamin D3 emulsified by NaCN was selected to fortify in regular fat (RF, > 10% fat), light fat (LF, < 5% fat) and fat free (FF, < 0.625% fat) ice creams at 250 IU per serving. Retention of vitamin D3 in each ice cream formulation was determined compared to control (non-emulsified vitamin D3) at day 0, 7, 14, 28 and 56 of storage at -20 °C. The results indicated that emulsified form of vitamin D3 remarkably improved vitamin D3 stability in all ice cream formulations. The ice creams were further fortified with 200 mg elemental calcium. Calcium content and vitamin D retention were investigated through 28-day storage. The results showed that both nutrients were preserved in the ice creams throughout the storage time. Physical characteristics and microbial properties of the ice creams were also determined. Overrun and viscosity of all ice cream formulations were not significantly different. Hardness and melting behavior increased with decreasing fat content. Aerobic bacteria were < 1,000 CFU/mL and no Escherichia coli and coliform were detected through 28 days. Our findings could be useful for the ice cream industries that seek to add vitamin D and calcium to their products.
Petrogenesis of plutonic complex in Wang Nam Khiao area, Changwat nakhon Ratchasima
Authors:   , Fanka Alongkot
Published: November 2023

Plutonic complex with a variety of rock has been discovered in Wang Nam Khiao Area, Changwat Nakhon Ratchasima. These rocks can be classified, based on petrographic features as mafic-ultramafic rocks (i.e., hornblendite, hornblende gabbro, and hornblende microgabbro) and granitic rocks (i.e., biotite granite, hornblende granite, and biotite-hornblende granite). Mineral chemistry and whole-rock geochemistry indicate that these mafic-ultramafic rocks and granitic rocks, significantly I-type granite, appear to have been formed by crystallization from the hydrous calc-alkaline magma. Both of the mafic-ultramafic and granitic rocks show similar enrichment of LILE (e.g. Ba, K, Sr) and depletion of HFSE (e.g. Nb, Ta, Zr). Moreover, mineral chemistries of particular minerals (e.g., clinopyroxene, hornblende and biotite) indicate arc-related subduction forming the continental arc. Amphibole-plagioclase thermometry and Al in hornblende barometry are selected appropriately to estimate PT conditions of crystallization. The mafic-ultramafic rocks yield 5.3-9.8 kbar and 670-1,000 oC whereas the granitic rocks are estimated at 2.0-5.8 kbar and 600 - 820 oC. Therefore, the mafic-ultramafic rocks appear to be stored and crystallized at 28-31 km depth of the lower crust while the granitic rocks may have intruded into the middle to upper crust at about 10-15 km depth. Zircon U-Pb age dating yields 257 Ma of mafic-ultramafic rocks, 314.6 Ma and 284.9 Ma of Carboniferous biotite granite, 253.4 Ma of Late Permian hornblende granite, and 237.8 Ma of Triassic biotite-hornblende granite. These data introduce the genetic model of multiple arc-related magmatism in association with Palaeo-Tethys subduction beneath the Indochina Terrane during Late Carboniferous/Early Permian, Late Permian, and Middle Triassic.
Mineralogical and geochemical characteristics of waste rocks and tailings from a gold mine in northeastern Thailand: application for environmental impact protection
Authors:   , Assawincharoenkij Thitiphan
Published: November 2023

Gold mining activities have raised seriously concern on environment and health in the local communities, particularly in the northeastern Thailand. Although, gold mines in Thailand have been operated longer than decade, potentials of acid mine drainage (AMD) generation and toxic element releasing have not been investigated in detail. Various mining wastes may contain hazardous elements such as arsenic, lead, zinc, cadmium and cyanide. These elements may be released under AMD environment. Therefore, AMD is a severe environmental impact which often occurs in metal sulfide mines including gold mine. Mine wastes (i.e. tailings and waste rocks) from the study area in the northeastern Thailand are collected and investigated. Mineralogical and geochemical characteristics of these mine wastes were carried out using microscope, XRD, Raman, FTIR, EPMA, XRF and ICP-MS. The tailing samples can be divided into upper gray tailings and lower ocher tailings. The upper gray tailings mainly contain sulfide minerals (pyrrhotite, pyrite ± chalcopyrite) and silicate minerals; consequently, they are defined as potential acid forming (PAF). On the other hand, the lower ocher tailings mainly contain goethite, quartz, chlorite, muscovite, calcite and hematite with minor pyrrhotite which they are classified as non-acid forming (NAF). However, the lower ocher tailings contain high contents of As (238–2870 mg kg-1), Cu (750–2608 mg kg-1) and Pb (10–1506 mg kg-1). Regarding to the waste rocks, they are characterized by sandstone, siltstone, gossan, skarn, skarn-sulfide, massive sulfide, diorite and limestone/marble. Among these rocks, the massive sulfide and skarn-sulfide rocks mainly consist of pyrrhotite, pyrite, arsenopyrite and chalcopyrite that are actual source of AMD. Moreover, the gossan rocks are composed of As (334–810 mg kg-1), Cu (500–7500 mg kg-1) and Zn (45–350 mg kg-1), which they can be used as a natural adsorbent (under controlled oxidizing condition and pH > 2) with high potential for remediation of As and Cu contamination within the surrounding areas. In conclusions, the upper tailings and the massive sulfide/skarn-sulfide rocks have potential of AMD generation whereas the lower tailings and gossan waste rock contain high contents of toxic elements. These toxic elements are unstable under acid drainage and they may be released into the environment. Therefore, the tailing storage is recommended to be covered to prevent the oxidizing processes of the upper tailings. For the waste rock dumping sites, particularly sulfide and transition dumps containing massive sulfide and skarn-sulfide rocks, they should also be cover by layer of compacted clay after the mine closure.
Geology and mineralization characteristics of Khamkeut Saen Oudom gold deposit, Bolikhamxai, Lao PDR
Authors:   , Tanutkit Kamonluk
Published: November 2023

The Khamkeut Saen Oudom (KSO) gold deposit is located at Bolikhamxai district, central Lao PDR. It lies within the Truong Son Fold Belt where there are several significant mineral deposits particularly gold and copper. At KSO deposit, the mineralization occurs as quartz-carbonate-sulfides veins, minor stockworks and breccias. Major veins are trending almost E-W where it forms as single ore zone in the west and splays to three narrow veins at the eastern part of area. Several ore lenses are present along this E-W structure (e.g. Houay Keh, Nam Pan-east, Nam Pan-west). The gold mineralized veins are mainly hosted by meta-sedimentary rocks (e.g. meta-sandstone, meta-siltstone and slate). At least three stages of mineralization have been identified namely; Stage 1, microcrystalline quartz - arsenopyrite - pyrite; Stage 2, quartz ± calcite - sulfides (arsenopyrite - pyrite - sphalerite - chalcopyrite - galena-pyrrhotite) - gold and Stage 3, quartz - chlorite - calcite. Gold is closely associated with sulfide minerals (e.g., pyrite, arsenopyrite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite and galena), quartz and calcite. Alteration associated with gold mineralization is less pervasive and extensive and mainly characterized by 1) quartz - calcite - sericite - chlorite and 2) chlorite - sericite - calcite assemblages. EPMA analyzes of gold reveals that at Nam Pan ore lens it occurs as electrum with gold fineness range from 637 to 715 whereas, at Houay Keh ore lens it occurs native gold with gold fineness ranges from 827 to 866. EPMA analyzes of light-color sphalerite from Nam Pan has FeS content of 5.00 to 8.05 mole %. In contrast, dark-color sphalerite from Houay Keh ore lens has values of 8.49 to 16.08 mole %. Using FeS content of sphalerite, T and P of gold mineralization at KSO were calculated to be 320 to 450°C and 7.17 to 15.08 kbar respectively. Based on the above evidences (e.g., metamorphic host rocks, weak alteration, mineral assemblages, gold fineness and FeS content of sphalerite), the KSO gold deposit is likely to be orogenic deposit.
Coal petrography and associated stratigraphy in central part of Mae Moh Basin, Changwat Lampang
Authors:   , Rittidate Kunwatoo
Published: November 2023

35 coal samples from 3 boreholes in the central part of Mae Moh basin have been investigated for stratigraphy, petrography, and geochemical analyses. Lithostratigraphic of studied boreholes is Na Khaem formation in Mae Moh group, characterized by fine grained sediments with thin to thick coals from bottom to top as Q-, K- and J seams. The Na Khaem formation has been formed by the sedimentation under the alternation of lacustrine and swamp. Na kheam formation is overlaid by Huai Luang formation mainly of fine to coarse grained sediments with thin coal as I seam interbedded, indicated fluviatile environment. Detailed petrographic of individual seam reveals the studied coals consist largely of macerals >70% with small amount of inorganic materials <30%. Huminite group (43-68%) is characterized by gelinite, densinite, and some texto-ulminite. Liptinite group (5-30%) is composed of liptodetrinite, sporinite, cutinite, alginite, and exsudatinite. Inertinite group (4-15%) is fusinite, semifusinite and sclerotinite. The inorganic material (8-30%) is characterized by diatomite, clay mineral, framboidal pyrite, silicate, carbonate, and some volcanic ash in place. Mae Moh coals were plotted in the Diessel's diagram (1986) with TPI (Tissue Preservation Index) and GI (Gelification Index) base on maceral assemblage. The results are low TPI values (0.11-0.52) and moderate to high GI value (3.67-13.50); suggesting coals have originated under limnic condition (lacustrine) of peat formation with vegetation characteristics of marsh and wet forest swamp. Based upon the geochemical analyses, the studied coals can be classified as low rank (lignite A to subbituminous B) and low quality due to high ash and sulphur contents.
ANALYSIS OF ANCIENT STORM DEPOSITS IN CHANGWAT PRACHUAP KHIRI KHAN
Authors:   , Kongsen Stapana
Published: November 2023

The analysis of ancient storm deposits in Changwat Prachuap Khiri Khan along the Gulf of Thailand is aimed to analyze the sedimentological characteristics and to define depositional age of ancient storm. Ancient storm sediments were found within a distance of 350 m landward from the present shoreline. Thickness of ancient storm deposits varies from 0.5 to 50 cm. The numbers of ancient storm layers possibly indicate the numbers of storm occurrences through time. In this research, ancient storm layers were found up to twenty-seven layers. Grain size of ancient storm sediments ranges from coarse- to very fine-grained sand. Sedimentary structures of ancient storm deposits contain sharp upper and lower contact, normal and reverse grading, parallel lamination and mud rip-up clasts. The thicknesses and grain size of deposit are thinner and finer landward. Furthermore, ancient storm layers contain several microfossils (foraminifera and ostracod) and macrofossils (gastropod and bivalve). The ancient storm sediments contain mostly quartz, heavy minerals and shell fragments. The results of Optically Stimulated Luminescence ages from beach ridges and the correlation of AMS radiocarbon age from a wood fragment from the adjacent area indicate that there are four ancient storm layers occurred in the late-Holocene to the mid-Holocene. There are twenty-three ancient storm layers older than the mid-Holocene. The variability in number of ancient storm deposit during two periods may due to several controlling factors including potential preservation of the area, storm characteristic, the intensity of storm, wind speed, surge height, and climatic condition in the past.
Evaluation of Double Displacement Process via Water and Gas Dumpflood
Authors:   , Tum Serey
Published: November 2023

Double Displacement Process (DDP) is an improved oil recovery method which is very effective in dipping reservoirs. However, this process requires large investment on water and gas injection facilities as well as high operating cost. For a certain reservoir system, water and gas injection can be eliminated by allowing water to cross flow from the nearby aquifer into the reservoir during the waterflooding phase and neighbouring gas reservoir to cross flow during the gas flooding phase of DDP. To determine how much more oil recovery can be obtained using DDP via water and gas dumpflood for an offshore oil field in the Gulf of Thailand, a simplified numerical reservoir model was constructed. The model was used to investigate effects of gas reservoir volume and aquifer size due to uncertainty in the determination of the two parameters and effects of production schedule in order to maximize oil recovery. Simulation results indicate that oil recovered by the proposed DDP can be much higher than that from natural depletion, depending on gas reservoir volume and aquifer size. Regarding production schedule, it was found that alternating oil production period with shut-in period during gas dumpflood yields up to 14% increment in oil recovery factor when compared with continuous production. The increment level depends on the duration of no-production period which helps stabilize gas flood front through gravity segregation, avoiding early gas breakthrough at downdip wells and leading to higher oil recovery.
THE ALTERNATIVE APPROACHES FOR TAILINGS DISPOSAL OF THAILAND’S POTASH MINES
Authors:   , Ngo Thao
Published: November 2023

This study involves the two alternative approaches to dispose of solid and liquid brine wastes which is one of the biggest environmental challenge in potash industry. The first alternative approach is solidification method that can solidify the solid tailing into the concrete block by mixing with binder as cement, and additional fine and coarse aggregates. The design provides the optimizing mixing ratio for concrete block mixture materials in relation to the uniaxial compressive strength (UCS). The expected result is the optimal mixture that maximize the solid tailing concentration and archives the minimum UCS strength requirement of backfilling materials in Thailand Potash mine. The solidified concrete blocks are then used as backfill materials into the mine-out room of the underground potash mine to minimize significantly the environmental impact and stabilize excavations and minimize convergences and subsidence of the underground mine. The second alternative approach is deep well injection of liquid brine waste into the Khok Kruat Formation. The base case simulation was modeled with one injection well at rate of 165 m3/day. To annually dispose brine waste, the operational optimum conceptual model was designed of eight injection wells at different injection rates and time following the brine volume discharged. The results from the experimental work show that the UCS values of the concrete blocks are affected by the following factors; cement content, water to cement ratio, and curing time. The mixture ID 20/5/5/70T which made from 20% cement, 5% fine aggregate, 5% coarse aggregate and 70% solid tailing, is the optimum mixture that satisfy the maximum solid waste concentration of 70%. It generates the compressive strength of 6.17 MPa, which is greater than the requirement of 5 MPa. Approximately 54.5 million tons of solid tailing can be disposed into the mine-out panels for the entire mine life. The pillar strength increases about 1.49 times, and thus minimize the subsidence of the underground mine. According to the results of waste brine injection, the base case simulation model at maximum injection rate of 165 m3/day increases the bottom-hole pressure to 842 KPa, and not exceeding the formation fracture pressure during the 21-years injection period. The brine salinity moves downward from the injection point to the bottom of the sand layer, and the plume migration of covers the area of 0.142 km2 (radius of plume migration = 212.5 m) at the bottom layer. The operational conceptual model of eight wells was designed to accommodate the disposed brine volume from the plant. The cumulative injected brine volume of 2.8 million cubic meters is recorded through 21-years injection program. The two conjunctive potash mine waste disposal programs take care of both solid and liquid potash mine wastes. These approaches will achieve the close to zero waste potash mining operation, and consequentially provide the benefits of technical aspects and reduce the environmental impacts in Potash industry in Thailand.
Degradation of (E)- and (Z)-Endoxifen: Kinetics, By-products Identification and Toxicity Assessment.
Authors:   , Martin Marina
Published: November 2023

Endoxifen is an effective metabolite of a commonly used chemotherapy agent, tamoxifen. Endoxifen has been detected in the final effluent of wastewater treatment plants. The release of endoxifen into the water environment could bring negative effect to aquatic lives due to its antiestrogenic activity. This research investigated the uses of isolated bacteria strains and ultraviolet (UV) radiation (253.7 nm) to degrade endoxifen in water and wastewater, and the generations of degradation by-products and their toxicity. Biodegradation of endoxifen by isolated bacteria strains from wastewater resulted in inefficient degradation of (E)- and (Z)-endoxifen. However, photodegradation with UV light eliminated endoxifen from water by at least 99.1% after 35 seconds of irradiation with a light dose of 598.5 mJ cm-2. Light intensity and initial concentrations of (E)- and (Z)-endoxifen exhibited positive linear correlations with the photodegradation rates while pH had no effect. Photodegradation of (E)-and (Z)-endoxifen in water generated three photodegradation by-products (PBPs). Toxicity assessments through modeling of the identified PBPs suggest higher toxicity than the parent compounds. Photodegradation of (E)- and (Z)-endoxifen in wastewater at light doses used for disinfection in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) resulted in reduction of (E)- and (Z)-endoxifen by at least 30, 44, and 71% at the light doses of 16, 30, and 97 mJ cm-2, respectively. Two of the three PBPs observed in the experiments with water were detected in the experiments in wastewater. Therefore, highly toxic compounds are potentially generated at WWTPs during UV disinfection process if (E)- and (Z)-endoxifen are present in the treated wastewater.
Biodegradation of hydrocarbons in marine sediment from Bangkhuntien, Bangkok, Thailand
Authors:   , Tiralerdpanich Parichaya
Published: November 2023

Biological method is an important alternative for solving petroleum hydrocarbon contamination issue because it is environmental friendly, low cost and has a potential to effectively remediate the oil. The objectives of this study were; 1) to estimate the biodegradation rate of diesel, hexadecane, and phenanthrene in marine sediment by using Gas Chromatography with Flame Ionization Detector (GC-FID) to monitor the remaining amount of hydrocarbons and constructing the degradation plot of each hydrocarbon per time for calculation of the degradation rate, 2) to investigate the hydrocarbon-degrading bacterial community in marine sediment by Polymerase Chain Reaction-Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) technique and 3) to isolate diesel-, hexadecane- and phenanthrene-degrading bacteria using media with each hydrocarbon as a sole carbon source. In this study, there were 3 interesting hydrocarbons including diesel, hexadecane and phenanthrene. The marine sediments were collected from Bangkhuntien, Thailand to use as a surrogate of a chronically hydrocarbon contaminated bay marine ecosystem. The results from hydrocarbon-contaminated microcosms showed that the removal percentage and the degradation rates for 500 mg kg sediment-1 diesel were 84% and 81.96 mg kg sediment-1 day-1, for 250 mg kg sediment-1 hexadecane were 99% and 86.43 mg kg sediment -1 day-1 and for 125 mg kg sediment-1 phenanthrene were 96% and 9.03 mg kg sediment-1 day-1, respectively. The dominant bacterial populations analyzed by PCR-DGGE technique were mostly recognized as halophilic- hydrocarbon degrading bacteria. The isolated strains from enrichment technique were belonged to Acinobacter sp., Bacillus sp. and Staphylococcus sp. from hexadecane supplemented broth. We also isolated Pseudomonas sp. from phenanthrene supplemented broth and Bacillus sp. and Pseudomonas sp. from diesel supplemented broth. Although, the species of isolated bacteria were different from those detected by PCR-DGGE technique. The overall results suggested that bioremediation and indigenous bacteria in marine sediments could be applied to treat the contaminated hydrocarbons.
Cost effectiveness analysis of total laparoscopic hysterectomy compare with total abdominal hysterectomy in uterine myomas at Rajavithi Hospital
Authors:   , Thuamklad Wilai
Published: November 2023

The purpose of this study is to calculate the treatment cost on the perceptive of provider, to access short outcome of the patients with no complication as well as the cost- effectiveness of the surgical treatments for uterine myomas. This study aims to compare the 93 patients of total laparoscopic hysterectomy with 231 patients of total abdominal hysterectomy in Rajavithi Hospital during 2013-2015. The data source was from the medical records and hospital accounting bills. This result showed that the total direct cost per unit of total laparoscopic hysterectomy is 35,019.47 THB, the number no complication patients were 85 case (92.47 % ) patients. Therefore, the average cost of the operation that patients have no complication is 45,081.10 THB. Moreover the cost of total direct of Total abdominal hysterectomy is 34,739.5 THB, the number no complication patients were 178 cases. Hence, the average cost of the operation that patients have no complications 54,587.52 THB. The conclusion, from the provider perspective and based on the limited available database, the effectiveness of total laparoscopic hysterectomy seems to be more effective than the total abdominal hysterectomy. However, the interpretation of the study results should be with caution regarding the implementation of a surgical procedure to treat this disease further since this study employed only one hospital data base and compare only short-term outcome.
An open letter to PLoS ONE — a pox on your numbered references!
Authors: Taylor Mike
Published: November 2023

In most journals, in-line citations are by author and year.  So, for example, if someone writes “  Haplocanthosaurus  has been recovered as a non-diplodocimorph diplodocoid (Wilson 2002)”, you know that the paper that recovered Haplo in that position was, well, Wilson 2002.  And everyone who works on sauropods is familiar with Wilson 2002.
Tutorial 11: Graphic Double Integration, or, Weighing dinosaurs on the cheap
Authors: Wedel Matt
Published: November 2023

 Why we do mass estimates  Mass estimates are a big deal in paleobiology. If you want to know how much an animal needed in terms of food, water, and oxygen, or how fast it could move, or how many offspring it could produce in a season, or something about its heat balance, or its population density, or the size of its brain relative to its body, then at some point you are going to need a mass estimate.
Pimp my ‘pod 2: haids
Authors: Wedel Matt
Published: November 2023

Here’s another dual-purpose post (part 1 is here), wherein I use some of Brian Engh’s cool art to riff on a related topic (with kind permission–thanks, Brian!). Back when he was first planning his awesome  Sauroposeidon  life restoration, Brian sent these head studies: (Note that Brian’s ideas were still evolving at this point, and he roofed the nasal chamber with a keratinous resonating chamber instead of the inflatable sac seen in
“Amphicoelias brontodiplodocus”: further thoughts
Authors: Wedel Matt
Published: November 2023

I wasn’t going to write about this, partly because it’s so darn depressing, but mostly because in the wake of this comment it seemed like the “Amphicoelias brontodiplodocus” paper was being withdrawn, and to quote something Mike said off-list, I was happier about the retraction than I was sad about the implied revisionism.
Friday follies: Raiders of the lost scap
Authors: Wedel Matt
Published: November 2023

Back in 2005, I made this drawing of the scapula of what would become  Brontomerus  . By the time we actually got the manuscript together to submit, I completely forgot that it existed! Which is just as well–I like the color photos of the bones in the PDF better than line drawings.
Pimp my ‘pod
Authors: Wedel Matt
Published: November 2023

These are happy times for me. Dinosaur rap god and burgeoning paleoartist Brian Engh, AKA The Historian Himself, has finished a new life restoration of  Sauroposeidon  . Here’s a smallish view, just to give you a taste; for the high resolution awesomeness, check out Brian’s post here.
Data for the next pandemic
Authors: von Csefalvay Chris
Published: November 2023

My recent post on the Starschema blog discusses the need for better data products to tackle future pandemic challenges: Three years into the COVID-19 pandemic, the medical, public health and disaster preparedness communities are trying to isolate lessons learned from the harrowing experience of a global outbreak that resulted in little shy of seven million deaths.
Guest post: “What should everyone know about paleontology?”, by Tom Holtz
Authors: Taylor Mike
Published: November 2023

We’ve been running SV-POW! for three and half years now; in all that time we’ve never featured a guest post, because we think it’s better to keep a blog tight and focussed.  In general, that remains our policy. But today, first the first and maybe only time, we present a guest post.
Accelerated multiphase water transformation in global mountain regions since 1990
Authors: Li Zongxing , Feng Qi , Wang Xufeng , Li Zongjie , Wang Q J , Chen Deliang , Zhang Baijuan , Gui Juan
Published: November 2023

Mountains are sensitive to climate change, and while amplified warming at high elevations is widely observed and fairly well understood, changes in the water cycles of mountain regions remain poorly quantified. Due to low temperatures at higher elevations, these changes involve multiphase water transformation (MWT). Through analyzing extensive data from global mountain regions, we determined that under the accelerating warming and lengthening ablation period since the 1990s, the strengthening solid�Cliquid transformation can be confirmed for 45 glacier basins or single glaciers. This is marked by an increase of 21.5 km2/10a in glacier area retreat rate, 387.65 mm for average negative glacier mass balance, and 60 m/10a for average glacier length retreat rate (of 414 glaciers) from the study period before the 1990s until the period after the 1990s. The accelerating liquid�Csolid transformation was indicated by an increase of 31.2 d/10a for the delaying trend of complete freeze time, an increase of 4.3 d/10a for the advancing trend of complete melting time, and an increase of 3.9 d/10a for the decreasing trend of ice cover duration for 22 lakes from the period before the 1990s until the period after the 1990s. The accelerating liquid�Cgas transformation can be confirmed by an increase of 1 and 0.69 mm/d/10a in the variation trend of actual evaporation and bare-soil evaporation from 1980�C1990 to 1990�C2017, respectively. Snow sublimation decreased by 0.69 mm/d/10a during 1980�C1990, followed by a statistically significant increase of 1.66 mm/d/10a during 1990�C2017, further confirming the accelerating solid�Cgas transformation. The accelerating gas�Csolid transformation can be reflected by an increase of 0.3 d/10a for the decreasing trend of frost days from 1960�C1990 to 1990�C2017. The moisture recycling ratio decreased by �C0.042 %/10a during 1980�C1990 and then increased by 0.443 %/10a during 1990�C2017, with the corresponding average values of 12.3% and 13.6%, respectively, which indicates an accelerating gas�Cliquid transformation. Approximately 59 rivers displayed an increase of 108.60 m3/s/10a for the runoff variation trend from the period before the 1990s until the period after the 1990s. In addition, the trends for lake number and lake area in the Tibetan Plateau increased 3.86 and 5.75 times, respectively, from 1976�C1995 to 1995�C2019. This acceleration can significantly change the spatiotemporal pattern of water resources and increase the frequency and intensity of disaster events, such as glacial lake outbursts, flooding, and waterlogging. Consequently, most mountain regions will require strong adaptation efforts to sustain water, food, and ecological security.
La expulsión del Grupo Parlamentario
Authors: Aguiló i Lúcia Lluís
Published: November 2023

Sumario: I. INTRODUCCIÓN.II. LA EXPULSIÓN DE UN PARLAMENTARIO DE SU GRUPO.III. LA REGULACIÓN DEL GRUPO MIXTO.
Una asignatura pendiente: el procedimiento de nombramiento de Letrados Mayores
Authors: Arias Díaz Ignacio
Published: November 2023

Reflexión sobre una asignatura pendiente: el procedimiento de nombramiento de Letrados Mayores.
La actividad Parlamentaria del segundo año de la V Legislatura de la Asamblea de Madrid
Authors: De Alba Bastarrechea Esther
Published: November 2023

Sumario: I. INTRODUCCIÓN.—II. COMPOSICIÓN DE LA CÁMARA.—III. EL FUNCIONAMIENTO DE LOS ÓRGANOS DE LA CÁMARA.—1. El Pleno de la Asamblea de Madrid.—2. Las Comisiones de la Asamblea de Madrid.—3. La Diputación Permanente de la Asamblea de Madrid.—4. La Mesa de la Asamblea de Madrid.—5. La Junta de Portavoces de la Asamblea de Madrid.—IV. LA ACTIVIDAD LEGISLATIVA DE LA CÁMARA.—1. Relación de leyes aprobadas durante el tercer período de sesiones de la V Legislatura (septiembre a diciembre de 2000).—2. Relación de leyes aprobadas durante el cuarto período de sesiones de la V Legislatura (febrero a junio de 2001).