bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mucormycosis with Ca Breast Cancer
Authors: Dethe Shivani R. , Telang Priyanka , Thorat Rupali
Published: January 2022

Mucormycosis is an extraordinary fungal contamination because organisms of Mucorales frequently happening in immunologically or diabetics compromised patients. Best case of number one Mucormycosis of breast is mentioned withinside in the English literature. We can explain another patient of Mucormycosis which is located in breast of patient with no fundamental disease and is well treated with intravenous antifungal therapy & mastectomy. Today, Breast cancer is usually diagnosed life-frightening cancer in women and can cause cancer death in women. Since past two decades, breast cancer research had led to remarkable advances in consideration of the disease, arising in less toxic as well as most effective diagnosis. Improved public understanding and better protection had show to early diagnoses at phases likely to complete surgical incision and healing therapy. As a result, cancer of breast survival rates has increased dramatically ,especially among young women. This article discusses the causes, types, clinical symptoms, and various non-pharmacological (such as radiation therapy and surgery) and pharmacological (including gene therapy, chemotherapy, etc.) approaches to breast cancer.
Thermal Performance Assessment of a Box-type Solar Cooker with an Inclined Collecting Surface and Kapok Wool Insulation
Authors: Nébié Jacques , Zongo Sidiki , S. Zongo Augustin , Tubreoumya Guy C. , S. Kam Zacharie , W. Igo Serge , Daho Tizane , Konkobo Ilyassé , Béré Antoine , Zeghmati Belkacem
Published: January 2022

The present work reports the thermal performance of a box-type solar cooker insulated with kapok wool, a local plant with a low thermal conductivity. The experimental results obtained indicate that the absorber plate reached a maximum temperature of 155.2 °C. Moreover, the maximum power of the cooker was 87.5 W with an efficiency of 35.45 %. The first and second figure of merit parameters performed are 0.15 and 0.298 respectively. The cooking test carried out on eggs and rice was conclusive. And it appears that this solar cooker can cook an average of 464 meals per year thanks to the solar energy available in Burkina Faso corresponding to a reduction of 67.62 % in household fuel wood consumption.
Improved synthesis of an ergothioneine PET radioligand for imaging oxidative stress in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Behof William J. , Whitmore Clayton A. , Haynes Justin R. , Rosenberg Adam J. , Tantawy Mohammed N. , Peterson Todd E. , Harrison Fiona E. , Beelman Robert B. , Wijesinghe Printha , Matsubara Joanne A. , Pham Wellington
Published: January 2022

L‐ergothioneine (ERGO) is a potent antioxidant with cytoprotective effects. To study ERGO biodistribution and detect oxidative stress in vivo, we report an efficient and reproducible preparation of [11C]‐labeled ERGO PET radioligand based on protecting the histidine carboxylic group with a methyl ester. Overall, this new protection approach using methyl ester improved the chemical yield of a 4‐step reaction from 14% to 24% compared to the previous report using t‐butyl ester. The [11C]CH3 methylation of the precursor provided the desired product with 55 ± 10% radiochemical purity and a molar activity of 450 ± 200 TBq·mmol−1. The [11C]ERGO radioligand was able to detect threshold levels of oxidative stress in a preclinical animal model of Alzheimer’s disease.
Liquid Crystal‐Based Water Treatment Membranes
Authors: Devadiga Deepak , T.N. Ahipa
Published: January 2022

Water pollution is on the rise across the world and must be tackled since it leads to water shortage and poor water quality in the near future. Water has been cleaned and renewed using a variety of processes, but each has its own set of limitations. In this context, the membrane technology‐based strategy is one among the various available strategies and, moreover, it has the potentiality to tackle these problems in a more effective way. Furthermore, one of the ongoing challenges in this area of research is to identify the new and cost‐effective membranes for water treatment. Among the newly available various materials, certain materials such as carbon nanotubes and polymerized liquid crystals have attracted a great deal of interest and the pore alignments in these materials is generally a vital factor for the high water permeability, thus the pore alignment can be easily achieved for polymerized liquid crystals than for carbon nanotubes. Therefore, a critical and complete review of emerging trends in liquid crystal‐based polymer membranes for wastewater treatment is presented in this paper. Further, the different types of membranes based on the type of liquid crystal, properties, water treatment performances, advantages, and limitations have been discussed.
Nanoindentation Mapping and Bond Strength Study of Adhesive–Dentin Interfaces
Authors: Yao Chenmin , Wang Zhengzhi , Yu Jian , Liu Pan , Wang Yake , Ahmed Mohammed H. , Van Meerbeek Bart , Huang Cui
Published: January 2022

A scanning probe microscopy (SPM) nanoindentation technique is employed in this work to relate structure of adhesive–dentin interfacial regions with in situ mechanical properties. Noncarious human third molars are sectioned to obtain superficial, middle, and deep dentin disks. Each dentin disk is divided into two parts for bonding with All‐Bond Universal in etch‐and‐rinse (E&R) and self‐etch (SE) modes. Nanoindentation arrays of a small‐scale region of 40 × 40 µm2 are configured, which include the whole adhesive interface area from the restorative composite across the adhesive interface to unaffected dentin. Micro‐shear bond strength (μSBS) is measured to evaluate the mechanical capability. By virtue of high‐resolution quantitative mapping of nano‐elastic modulus and nanohardness, the continuous hierarchical substructures of adhesive–dentin interfaces are visualized, including the composite, adhesive layer, hybrid layer, and unaffected dentin. A noticeable finding is the existence of a transition zone between the hybrid layer and unaffected dentin. The μSBS result indicates that mechanical interlocking between intertubular dentin and adhesives dominates the bond strength. SPM nanoindentation mapping can correlate surface structure with mechanical properties across adhesive interfaces. Even more, the present findings demonstrate that SPM‐mapping of combined structural and mechanical property data of adhesive interfaces can potentially be used to evaluate bonding performance.
Giant Photoresponse Enhancement in Mixed‐Dimensional Van der Waals Heterostructure through Dielectric Engineering
Authors: Narayanan P. Vrinda , M. A. Gokul , Chowdhury Tamaghna , Singh Chandan K. , Chaubey Shailendra Kumar , Taniguchi Takashi , Watanabe Kenji , Kabir Mukul , Kumar G. V. Pavan , Rahman Atikur
Published: January 2022

The reduced dielectric screening in the out of plane direction, makes 2D materials sensitive to the surrounding environment, offering a unique platform with greatly tunable optoelectronic properties. Large exciton binding energy in 2D materials limits their photogeneration efficiency. The strong electric field generated at a p–n junction will help in separating these strongly bound electron hole pairs. Here, the present study demonstrates how engineering the surrounding dielectric environment would facilitate a mixed dimensional van der Waals p–n junction to improve the photoresponse to a great extent. A 3D silicon‐2D monolayer MoS2 heterostructure is fabricated as a model system. Nearly three orders of magnitude enhancement in photoresponse is observed by modulating the surrounding dielectric environment. This huge enhancement is attributed to the easy separation of photogenerated carriers due to the screening of Coulomb interaction. The dielectric also screens the impurity potential, reducing the charge carrier scattering. In addition, there is a change in the overall bandgap of the heterostructure producing a lower energy barrier for the charge carriers. The findings lay a general pathway for improving the efficiency of 2D material based photodetectors through dielectric engineering.
Sub‐10‐nm Ag/AgX (X = Br,Cl) Nanoparticles: Superior Visible‐Light‐Driven Plasmonic Photocatalysts
Authors: Xu Guojing , Li Peng , Wang Nannan , Qin Xujin , Wang Zhenpeng , Guan Bo , Chen Penglei , Liu Minghua
Published: January 2022

While the past decade has witnessed great successes in silver/silver halide‐based (Ag/AgX, X = Cl,Br) plasmonic photocatalysts, a facile fabrication of ultrafine Ag/AgX nanoparticles (NPs), which is recognized to be an efficient avenue for boosted catalytic performances, still remains a formidable challenge. Ultrasmall sub‐10‐nm Ag/AgX, which are discretely distributed on graphene oxide (GO, sub10‐Ag/AgX/GO), can be easily fabricated by an oxidation–halogenation treatment of Ag/GO precursors of sub‐10‐nm AgNPs (sub10‐Ag/GO). Significantly, compared to Ag/AgCl/GO and Ag/AgBr/GO of hundred‐nanometer‐sized Ag/AgX, the sub10‐Ag/AgCl/GO and sub10‐Ag/AgBr/GO display substantially enhanced photocatalytic activity by a factor of ≈16.4 and 38.2 times, respectively, despite their inconspicuous visible‐light absorptions. The ultrafine size of the sub10‐Ag/AgX and their grafting on but not being enwrapped by GO, which cooperatively facilitate a superior spatial separation capability of photogenerated electrons and holes, a satisfactory accessibility/availability of the abundantly exposed active sites, and consequently promote a more efficient utilization of photogenerated charge carriers, play important roles in their superior catalytic activities. The investigation initiates a new way for ultrafine Ag‐based nanocomposites, and by a simple treatment of chemically modifiable ultrasmall‐sized precursors, it provides new clues for other desired ultrafine‐sized advanced nanomaterials that are difficult to synthesize via conventional protocols.
Encapsulation of Commensal Skin Bacteria within Membrane‐in‐Gel Patches
Authors: Xu Wanlin , Nouri Peyman Malek Mohammadi , Demoustier‐Champagne Sophie , Glinel Karine , Jonas Alain M.
Published: January 2022

The commensal skin bacterium Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis) provides a range of benefits to human hosts, contributing to skin equilibrium and good health, even though specific strains also act as pathogens if entering the host body. Therefore, skin‐applicable devices allowing to benefit from some factors secreted by S. epidermidis while keeping the bacteria at a desired location are important for the development of bacteriotherapeutical applications. Here, a membrane‐based gel patch is fabricated to trap S. epidermidis while keeping its metabolic activity. The pores of a track‐etched membrane are modified with layer‐by‐layer (LbL) multilayers to anchor bacteria, followed by coating the membrane with a thick layer of agarose gel, leading to a membrane‐in‐gel soft patch. LbL multilayers comprising antibacterial polycations are then deposited over the patch. By varying the multilayer composition, thickness and nature of the last layer, both probability of escape and metabolic activity of entrapped bacteria can be tuned. Poly(ethyleneimine)‐comprising multilayers prove to be particularly well‐suited for the fine control of bacterial escape and activity. These bacterial patches are thus complex living materials in which the living component is controlled by a careful combination of soft macromolecular components.
Near‐Infrared Reflection Modulation Through Electrical Tuning of Hybrid Graphene Metasurfaces
Authors: Cai Ziqiang , Liu Yongmin
Published: January 2022

Graphene, a 2D material with tunable optical properties, has recently attracted intense interest for reconfigurable metasurfaces. So far, the working wavelength of graphene‐based or hybrid graphene metasurfaces has been limited in the mid‐infrared and terahertz spectra. In this paper, by combining graphene with Au nanostructures, the authors demonstrate a near‐infrared tunable metasurface with decent modulation efficiency, weak dependence on graphene's carrier mobility, and small gate voltages, attributing to the unique interband transition of graphene. The experimental results agree well with numerical simulations. It is also shown that by properly designing the structural parameters of Au nanostructures, the hybrid graphene metasurface can be tunable in both near‐infrared and mid‐infrared regions.
Self‐Starting Switchable Multifunctional Solitons Fiber Laser
Authors: Zhou Renlai , Hu Hui , Guo Bo , Li Qian , Fu Hong Yan , Nakkeeran K.
Published: January 2022

Modern solitons fiber lasers systems sought for imaging, micromachining, metrology, spectroscopy, and sensing applications, require multifunctional light sources with fully controlled switching features to avail the necessary optical signal. Existing single cavity fiber laser systems have limitations on the generation of multistate solitons due to the intrinsic dispersion, nonlinearity, filtering, gain, and loss. Herein, for the very first time, a compact multifunctional solitons fiber laser controlled by the 3D maneuvering of the polarization beam splitter (PBS) to select the appropriate polarization state for various mode‐locked operations is demonstrated. For single soliton state operation, conventional solitons (CSs), quasi‐coherent noise‐like pulses (QC‐NLPs) and harmonic mode‐locking (HML) are achieved independently, and these different states can be easily and efficiently switched by steering the PBS position. Versatile hybrid dual‐wavelength mode‐locked operations (2‐CSs states, 1‐CS state and 1‐QC‐NLP state, and 2‐QC‐NLPs states) are additional functionalities achievable when the PBS position is steered to suitable positions. The hybrid dual‐wavelength mode‐locked operation has excellent long‐term stability even functioning at maximum output power. It is envisaged that the proposed work provides a compact switchable multifunctional solitons fiber laser system that can be potentially applied in optics signal processing, micromachining, spectroscopy, and optical sensing, etc.
Establishing the Principal Descriptor for Electrochemical Urea Production via the Dispersed Dual‐Metals Anchored on the N‐Decorated Graphene
Authors: Zhu Changyan , Wang Miao , Wen Chaoxia , Zhang Min , Geng Yun , Zhu Guangshan , Su Zhongmin
Published: January 2022

Urea electrosynthesis under mild conditions starting from the adsorption of inert N2 molecules has brought out a promising alternative experimentally to conquer its huge energy consumption in industrial Haber‐Bosch process. The most crucial and inevitable reaction is the formation of urea precursor *NCON from *N2 and CO based on the pre‐selected reaction pathway, together with the following protonated processes. It is significant to comprehend their intrinsic intercorrelation and explore the principal descriptor from massive reaction data. Hereby, the authors study the dispersed dual‐metals (homonuclear MN3–MN3 moiety and heteronuclear MN3–M'N3 moiety) anchored on N‐doped graphene as electrocatalysts to synthesize urea. Based on the screened out 72 stable systems by ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations as the database, six significant linear correlations between the computed Gibbs free energy and other important factors are achieved. Most encouragingly, the principal descriptor (ΔE(*NCONH)) is established because 72% low‐performance systems can be filtered out and its effective range (−1.0 eV < ΔEE(*NCONH) < 0.5 eV) is identified by eight optimal systems. This study not only suggests that dispersed dual‐metals via MN3 moiety can serve as promising active sites for urea production, but also identifies the principal descriptor and its effective range in high‐throughput methods.
Response of maize hybrids under limited irrigation capacities: Crop water use
Authors: Schwartz Robert C. , Bell Jourdan M. , Colaizzi Paul D. , Baumhardt R. Louis , Hiltbrunner Bridgette A.
Published: January 2022

Maize (Zea mays L.) production in the semiarid Texas High Plains (THP) often suffers exceptional yield reductions when irrigation cannot meet seasonal and peak water requirements. Drought‐tolerant hybrids may reduce yield losses resulting from water stress by altering seasonal soil water use patterns to permit greater uptake during yield‐sensitive growth stages. We examined the effect of irrigation capacity (8.47 and 4.23 mm d−1) and planting rates (74,000 and 95,000 seeds ha−1) during three growing seasons (2016–2018) on water use of three maize hybrids, two of which were considered drought tolerant. Changes in stored soil water were examined for the entire profile and for segregated depth increments (0–0.4, 0.4–0.8, and 0.8–1.4 m). Seasonal crop evapotranspiration averaged 754 and 592 mm across years for the high and low irrigation capacities, respectively. Irrigation level significantly affected seasonal change in stored soil water in 1 yr (2018) with greater depletion at harvest under the low irrigation capacity. Soil water use at 0.8–1.4 m comprised <4% of seasonal water use. Hybrids did not differ with respect to growing season crop water use. Stored soil water throughout the growing season within the examined depth increments were similar among hybrids and plant densities, with significant differences occurring infrequently and being inconsistent across years. Drought‐tolerant traits may have a diminished effect on transpiration in this study because of the dense soil‐limiting root proliferation or the high atmospheric demand at the study location.
Bundling food labels: What role could the labels “Organic,” “Local” and “Low Fat” play in fostering the demand for animal‐friendly meat
Authors: Akaichi Faical , Glenk Klaus , Revoredo‐Giha Cesar
Published: January 2022

This study investigates whether and how the demand for animal‐friendly pork can benefit from the individual and joint use of the label “Animal Friendly,” “Organic,” “Local,” and “Low Fat.” A choice experiment was conducted to collect the data. The data were analyzed using the random parameter logit and the latent class models. Three consumer segments were identified. Consumers in Segment 1 (pro‐welfare consumers—39% of all respondents) were found to highly value the four labels. The results showed that their price premium for animal‐friendly pork could be increased significantly if the product is also labeled as “Local” or “Low Fat.” The members of Segment 2 (Welfare‐reluctant consumers—41% of all respondents) were found to negatively value the use of the label “Animal Friendly.” For “welfare‐reluctant” consumers, label bundling is of marginal effect. The rem1aining 20% of respondents (“Indifferent” “consumers”) were found to be indifferent to whether the labels “Animal Friendly,” “Organic,” and “Local” are used or not. However, their demand for animal‐friendly pork could significantly increase if the pork is also labeled as “Organic.” [EconLit Citations: C35, C83, D12, Q13, Q18].
Modular Robots for Enabling Operations in Unstructured Extreme Environments
Authors: Sayed Mohammed E. , Roberts Jamie O. , Donaldson Karen , Mahon Stephen T. , Iqbal Faiz , Li Boyang , Franco Aixela Santiago , Mastorakis Georgios , Jonasson Emil T. , Nemitz Markus P. , Bernardini Sara , Stokes Adam A.
Published: January 2022

Operations in extreme and hostile environments, such as offshore oil and gas production, nuclear decommissioning, nuclear facility maintenance, deep mining, space exploration, and subsea applications, require the execution of sophisticated tasks. In nuclear environments, robotic systems have advanced significantly over the past years but still suffer from task failures caused by informational and physical uncertainty of the highly unstructured nature of the environment and exasperated by the time constraints imposed by high radiation levels. Herein, a survey is presented of current robotic systems that can operate in such extreme environments and offer a novel approach to solving the challenges they impose, encapsulated by the mission statement ofproviding structure in unstructured environmentsand exemplified by a new self‐assembling modular robotic system, the Connect‐R.
Long‐term follow‐up findings in a Turkish girl with osteogenesis imperfecta type XX caused by a homozygous MESD variant
Authors: Uludağ Alkaya Dilek , Uyguner Zehra Oya , Güneş Nilay , Tüysüz Beyhan
Published: January 2022

Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a heterogeneous group of disorders with bone fragility. In 2019, homozygous pathogenic variants in MESD were described for the first time in five patients with severe form of OI. To date, 12 patients have been reported. The aim of this study is to report long‐term follow‐up findings of a girl with MESD variant. She had triangular face, sparse hair, wide fontanelle, blue sclera, softening of the occipital bone, congenital torticollis, and long fingers. Wormian bones, multiple rib and long bone fractures, and platyspondyly were detected in her skeletal radiographs. During the 21‐years follow‐up, intellectual disability, oligodontia, recurrent fractures, bowing of humerus, hip and knee contractures leading to crossing of the legs, swelling of the interphalangeal joints, and kyphoscoliosis were observed. Although the bisphosphonate treatment was started at 2.5 years of age, recurrent fractures continued to occur until 13 years of age. She lost her walking ability at 4.5 years of age. The final adult height was 128 cm (−6.0 SD). Homozygous c.631_632delAA (p.Lys211Glufs*19) variant in MESD was detected at 19 years of age. In conclusion, this study provides long‐term clinical and radiological findings in a patient with a very rare type of OI.
Ruthenium(II)‐Catalyzed C−H Alkenylation of 1,8‐Naphthalimide with Cyclic Imide as a Weakly Coordinating Directing Group
Authors: Thakur Rekha , Singh Iqubal , Paul Kamaldeep
Published: January 2022

Ruthenium‐catalyzed direct C−H alkenylation of 1,8‐naphthalimide has been explored using cyclic imide as a weak directing group and successfully introduce alkenyl group(s) into 1,8‐naphthalimide skeleton at the inactive C2 and/or C7 position(s). The aromatic ring of 1,8‐naphthalimide is substituted with electron‐withdrawing and ‐donating groups, and N‐alkyl/aryl groups on cyclic imide are compatible in these coupling reactions.
Habitat use by the island lemurs of Nosy Be, Madagascar
Authors: Tinsman Jen , Volampeno Sylviane , Ganas‐Swaray Jessica , Gann Daniel , Andrianirina Natacha , Chamizo Madison , Ralazampirenena Claude , Ranaivoarisoa Jean F. , Ravaoarisoa Hasina , Rivero Josie , Zamora Andrew , Gomes Cristina M.
Published: January 2022

Madagascar's lemurs are threatened by forest loss, fragmentation, and degradation. Many species use flexible behaviors to survive in degraded habitat, but their ability to persist in very small areas may be limited. Insular lemurs, like those found on Nosy Be, an island off the northwestern coast of Madagascar, are at heightened risk of sudden population declines and extirpation. Nosy Be is home to two Critically Endangered species—the endemic Nosy Be sportive lemur (Lepilemur tymerlachsoni) and Claire's mouse lemur (Microcebus mamiratra)—as well as the Endangered black lemur (Eulemur macaco). Most of the remaining forest on Nosy Be is protected by the 862‐ha Lokobe National Park. To document how Nosy Be lemurs use their restricted habitat, we conducted vegetation and reconnaissance surveys on 53 transects in and around Lokobe. We collected data on tree size, canopy cover, understory visibility, and elevation for 248 lemur sightings. We used a spatially explicit, multi‐species occupancy model to investigate which forest‐structure variables are important to lemurs. Our results represent some of the first data on habitat use by insular lemurs. Black lemurs preferred significantly larger trees and areas with less dense understory. They also occurred significantly less outside of Lokobe National Park, even when accounting for sampling effort and geography. The distributions of the sportive and mouse lemurs were not related to the forest structure variables we documented, but they did negatively predict each other—perhaps because their habitat requirements differ. These results also underscore the importance of the national park to protecting the black lemur population on Nosy Be and raise questions about what factors do influence the distribution of Nosy Be's smaller lemurs. Close monitoring is needed to prevent these populations and the ecosystem services they provide from disappearing, as have other island lemurs.
Yawn contagion in bonobos: Another group, another story
Authors: Norscia Ivan , Caselli Marta , De Meo Gabriele , Cordoni Giada , Guéry Jean‐Pascal , Demuru Elisa
Published: January 2022

In primates, yawn contagion (the yawning response elicited by others' yawn) is variably influenced by individual (e.g., sex, age) and social factors (e.g., familiarity) and possibly linked to interindividual synchronization, coordination, and emotional contagion. Two out of three studies on yawn contagion in bonobos (Pan paniscus), found the presence of the phenomenon with mixed results concerning the effect of familiarity and no replication on its modulating factors. To address this puzzling issue, we recorded all occurrences data on yawn contagion in a captive bonobo group (March–June 2021; 18 individuals; La Vallée des Singes, France). Contrary to chimpanzees and humans, the number of triggering yawns increased contagion, possibly owing to a higher stimulus threshold. This aspect may explain the interindividual variability observed in yawn contagion rates. In subjects under weaning, we did not detect yawn contagion and, as it occurs in certain human cohorts, yawn contagion declined with age, possibly due to reduced sensitivity to others. Females responded more than males and elicited more responses from females when showing sexual swelling. As reproductive females are central in bonobo society, our results support the hypothesis that—as in other Hominini—the most influential sex can influence yawn contagion. The relationship quality (measured via grooming/play) did not affect yawn contagion, possibly due to bonobos' xenophilic nature. Overall, this study confirms the presence of yawn contagion in bonobos and introduces new elements on its modulating factors, pointing toward the necessity of cross‐group studies.
Structure Elucidation and Computationally Guided Synthesis of SSZ‐43: A One‐Dimensional 12‐Ring Zeolite with Unique Sinusoidal Channels
Authors: Roslova Maria , Cybulskis Viktor J. , Davis Mark E. , Zones Stacey I. , Zou Xiaodong , Xie Dan
Published: January 2022

The structure of zeolite SSZ‐43 was determined by 3D electron diffraction, synchrotron X‐ray powder diffraction, and high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy. The SSZ‐43 framework forms one‐dimensional, sinusoidal 12‐ring channels from 5461 butterfly units commonly found in other zeolites, but with unique 6.5×6.5 Å apertures and 12‐ring 6.5×8.9 Å windows perpendicular to the channels. SSZ‐43 crystals are intergrowths of two polytypes: ≈90 % orthorhombic polytype A with ABAB stacking of the 12‐rings, and ≈10 % monoclinic polytype B with ABCABC stacking. Molecular modeling performed on the idealized Si‐SSZ‐43 structure along with empirical relationships for zeolite selectivity in boron‐ and aluminum‐containing synthesis gels were used in a combined approach to design new di‐quaternary ammonium organic structure‐directing agents (OSDAs). Experimental trials demonstrated that the new OSDAs produced SSZ‐43 over a broader range of compositions than previous mono‐quaternary OSDAs.
Simultaneous Control of Pore‐Space Partition and Charge Distribution in Multi‐Modular Metal–Organic Frameworks
Authors: Hong Anh N. , Kusumoputro Emily , Wang Yanxiang , Yang Huajun , Chen Yichong , Bu Xianhui , Feng Pingyun
Published: January 2022

We report here a strategy for making anionic pacs type porous materials by combining pore space partition with charge reallocation. The method uses the first negatively charged pore partition ligand (2,5,8‐tri‐(4‐pyridyl)‐1,3,4,6,7,9‐hexaazaphenalene, H‐tph) that simultaneously enables pore partition and charge reallocation. Over two dozen anionic pacs materials have been made to demonstrate their excellent chemical stability and a high degree of tunability. Notably, Ni3‐bdt‐tph (bdt=1,4‐benzeneditetrazolate) exhibits month‐long water stability, while CoV‐bdt‐tph sets a new benchmark for C2H2 storage capacity under ambient conditions for ionic MOFs. In addition to tunable in‐framework modules, we show feasibility to tune the type and concentration of extra‐framework counter cations and their influence on both stability and capability to separate industrial C3H8/C3H6 and C6H6/C6H12 mixtures.
Finite Assembly of Three‐Dimensional DNA Hierarchical Nanoarchitectures through Orthogonal and Directional Bonding
Authors: Zhou Yihao , Dong Jinyi , Zhou Chao , Wang Qiangbin
Published: January 2022

Reliable orthogonal bonding with precise and flexible orientation control would be ideal for building finite complex nanostructures via self‐assembly. Employing a three‐dimensional (3D) DNA origami, hexagonal prism DNA origami (HDO), as building block, we demonstrate it is practical to construct finite hierarchical nanoarchitectures with complicated conformations through orthogonal and directional bonding. The as‐designed HDO building block has twelve prescribed directional valences in 3D space and each of them supports two opposite orientations, yielding the capability to generate abundant directional bonding. Meanwhile, we minimize the thorny non‐specific interactions among HDOs and enable the orthogonal bonding between any two valences based on self‐similar designing. Consequently, various hierarchical nanostructures are prepared at will simply by the combination of HDOs with appropriate valences. We believe this route towards hierarchically assembly is inspiring and hope it will facilitate the fabrication of functional superstructures.
One‐Step Synthesis of Degradable Vinylic Polymer‐Based Latexes via Aqueous Radical Emulsion Polymerization
Authors: Galanopoulo Paul , Gil Noémie , Gigmes Didier , Lefay Catherine , Guillaneuf Yohann , Lages Maëlle , Nicolas Julien , Lansalot Muriel , D'Agosto Franck
Published: January 2022

Aqueous emulsion copolymerizations of dibenzo[c,e]oxepane‐5‐thione (DOT) were performed with n‐butyl acrylate (BA), styrene (S) and a combination of both. In all cases, stable latexes were obtained in less than two hours under conventional conditions; that is in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) used as surfactant and potassium persulfate (KPS) as initiator. A limited solubility of DOT in BA was observed compared to S, yielding to a more homogeneous integration of DOT units in the PS latex. In both cases, the copolymer could be easily degraded under basic conditions. Emulsion terpolymerization between DOT, BA and S allowed us to produce stable latexes not only composed of degradable chains but also featuring a broad range of glass transition temperatures.
Noninvasively ventilated and easily operated mouse model of myocardial infarction
Authors: He Yuan , Lu Xinlin , Liang Zheng , Chen Tao , Chen Can , Zhang Yuanqi , Lei Wei
Published: January 2022

The laboratory mouse is an animal model commonly used in cardiovascular research; however, it has technical challenges as a model for myocardial infarction (MI). In this study, a novel noninvasively ventilated and easily operated experimental mouse model of MI was established in Kunming mice based on a left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery rupture. Overall, 95% of sham mice and 84% of mice with a ruptured LAD survived the surgery. The results of 2,3,5‐triphenyl‐2H‐tetrazolium chloride and hematoxylin–eosin staining showed that obvious infarcts formed after LAD rupture. ST‐segment elevation or depression emerging in the electrocardiogram of the novel MI model indicated a myocardial ischemic injury. Reduced cardiac contractility and increased cardiac troponin I and creatine kinase‐MB after LAD‐rupture implied myocardial necrosis. Furthermore, the serum levels of IL‐1β and IL‐6 were significantly upregulated after LAD‐rupture. Overall, the LAD‐rupture method, utilizing noninvasive ventilation, was a reliable and easily‐performed model of MI in mice.
Absolute configuration of cytotoxic anthraquinones from a Brazilian cave soil‐derived fungus, Aspergillus sp. SDC28
Authors: Gubiani Juliana R. , Bernardi Darlon I. , De Paula Caio C. P. , Seleghim Mirna H. R. , Ferreira Antonio G. , Batista Andrea N. L. , Batista  João M. , Oliveira Lucianne F. P. , Lira Simone P. , Burdette Joanna E. , Berlinck Roberto G. S.
Published: January 2022

Microbial strains isolated from extreme and understudied environments, such as caves, are still poorly investigated for the production of bioactive secondary metabolites. Investigation of the ethyl acetate extract from the growth medium produced by the soil‐derived fungus Aspergillus sp. SDC28, isolated from a Brazilian cave, yielded two anthraquinones: versicolorin C (1) and versiconol (2). The complete assignment of nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectroscopic data of 1 and 2 was performed for the first time. Moreover, the yet unreported absolute configuration of both compounds was unambiguously established by analysis of experimental and theoretical electronic circular dichroism data. Vibrational circular dichroism was also applied to confirm the absolute stereochemistry of 2. Compounds 1 and 2 showed cytotoxic activity against human ovarian cancer cells (OVCAR3).
Medium optimization and subsequent fermentative regulation enabled the scaled‐up production of anti‐tuberculosis drug leads ilamycin‐E1/E2
Authors: Fan Zhiying , Tong Nian , Zhuang Zhoukang , Ma Cheng , Ma Junying , Ju Jianhua , Duan Yanwen , Zhu Xiangcheng
Published: January 2022

Background

Tuberculosis (TB) and its evolving drug resistance have exerted severe threats on the global health, hence it is still essential to develop novel anti‐TB antibiotics. Ilamycin‐E1/E2 is a pair of cycloheptapeptide enantiomers obtained from a marine Streptomyces atratus SCSIO ZH16‐ΔilaR mutant, and has presented significant anti‐TB activities as promising drug lead compounds, but their clinical development has been hampered by low fermentation titers.

Main methods and major results

By applying the statistical Plackett–Burman design (PBD) model, bacterial peptone was first screened out as the only significant but negative factor to affect the ilamycin‐E1/E2 production. Subsequent single factor optimization in shaking flasks revealed that the replacement of bacterial peptone with malt extract could not only eliminate the accumulation of porphyrin‐type competitive byproducts but also improve the titer of ilamycin‐E1/E2 from original 13.6 ± 0.8 to 142.7 ± 5.7 mg L−1, about 10.5‐fold increase. Next, a pH coordinated feeding strategy was adopted in 30 L fermentor and obtained 169.8 ± 2.5 mg L−1 ilamycin‐E1/E2, but further scaled‐up production in 300 L fermentor only gave a titer of 131.5 ± 7.5 mg L−1 due to the unsynchronization of feeding response and pH change. Consequently, a continuous pulse feeding strategy was utilized in 300 L fermentor to solve the above problem and finally achieved 415.7 ± 29.2 mg L−1 ilamycin‐E1/E2, representing a 30.5‐fold improvement.

Implication

Our work has provided a solid basis to acquire sufficient ilamycin‐E1/E2 lead compounds and then support their potential anti‐TB drug development.
Cell‐derived and enzyme‐based decellularized extracellular matrix exhibit compositional and structural differences that are relevant for its use as a biomaterial
Authors: Nellinger Svenja , Mrsic Ivana , Keller Silke , Heine Simon , Southan Alexander , Bach Monika , Volz Ann‐Cathrin , Chassé Thomas , Kluger Petra J.
Published: January 2022

Due to its availability and minimal invasive harvesting human adipose tissue‐derived extracellular matrix (dECM) is often used as a biomaterial in various tissue engineering and healthcare applications. Next to dECM, cell‐derived ECM (cdECM) can be generated by and isolated from in vitro cultured cells. So far both types of ECM were investigated extensively toward their application as (bio)material in tissue engineering and healthcare. However, a systematic characterization and comparison of soft tissue dECM and cdECM is still missing. In this study, we characterized dECM from human adipose tissue, as well as cdECM from human adipose‐derived stem cells, toward their molecular composition, structural characteristics, and biological purity. The dECM was found to exhibit higher levels of collagens and lower levels of sulfated glycosaminoglycans compared with cdECMs. Structural characteristics revealed an immature state of the fibrous part of cdECM samples. By the identified differences, we aim to support researchers in the selection of a suitable ECM‐based biomaterial for their specific application and the interpretation of obtained results.
Enhancing biosynthesis of 2'‐Fucosyllactose in Escherichia coli through engineering lactose operon for lactose transport and α ‐1,2‐Fucosyltransferase for solubility
Authors: Park Bum Seok , Choi Yun Hee , Kim Min Woo , Park Beom Gi , Kim Eun‐Jung , Kim Jin Young , Kim Jung Hwa , Kim Byung‐Gee
Published: January 2022

2'‐Fucosyllactose (2'‐FL) is the most abundant oligosaccharide in human milk and one of the most actively studied human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs). When 2'‐FL is produced through biological production using a microorganism, like Escherichia coli, d‐lactose is often externally fed as an acceptor substrate for fucosyltransferase (FT). When d‐glucose is used as a carbon source for the cell growth and d‐lactose is transported by lactose permease (LacY) in lac operon, d‐lactose transport is under the control of catabolite repression (CR), limiting the supply of d‐lactose for FT reaction in the cell, hence decreasing the production of 2'‐FL. In this study, a remarkable increase of 2'‐FL production was achieved by relieving the CR from the lac operon of the host E. coli BL21 and introducing adequate site‐specific mutations into α‐1,2‐FT (FutC) for enhancement of catalytic activity and solubility. For the host engineering, the native lac promoter (Plac) was substituted for tac promoter (Ptac), so that the lac operon could be turned on, but not subjected to CR by high d‐glucose concentration. Next, for protein engineering of FutC, family multiple sequence analysis for conserved amino acid sequences and protein–ligand substrate docking analysis led us to find several mutation sites, which could increase the solubility of FutC and its activity. As a result, a combination of four mutation sites (F40S/Q150H/C151R/Q239S) was identified as the best candidate, and the quadruple mutant of FutC enhanced 2'‐FL titer by 2.4‐fold. When the above‐mentioned E. coli mutant host transformed with the quadruple mutant of futC was subjected to fed‐batch culture, 40 g l−1 of 2'‐FL titer was achieved with the productivity of 0.55 g l−1 h−1 and the specific 2'‐FL yield of 1.0 g g−1 dry cell weight.
The collaborative and contested interplay between business and civil society in circular economy transitions
Authors: Ho Chia‐Hao , Böhm Steffen , Monciardini David
Published: January 2022

We know from the corporate social responsibility (CSR) literature that civil society organizations (CSOs) play a crucial role in helping businesses transition towards more responsible and sustainable business models. Yet, in the circular economy (CE) field, such understanding is still scarce. This article develops a theoretical framework for understanding the dynamic interplay between business and civil society in CE transitions, understanding their mechanisms and strategies for cooperation and contestation. We develop the concept of ‘CE boundary work’ to understand how CSOs interact with firms to bring about CE innovation, outlining three ideal types: campaign based, resource efficiency based and circular design based. This contributes to our understanding of how CE transitions can be brought about effectively through cross‐sectoral interplays between civil society and business.
Bi/Zn Dual Single‐Atom Catalysts for Electroreduction of CO2 to Syngas
Authors: Meng Lingzhe , Zhang Erhuan , Peng Haoyu , Wang Yu , Wang Dingsheng , Rong Hongpan , Zhang Jiatao
Published: January 2022

The electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction to produce CO is one of the most promising pathways to eliminate CO2 emissions and store intermittent energy sources. However, the most critical usage of CO is via mixing with H2 to form syngas, which is a crucial feedstock for many value‐added chemicals. Therefore, producing syngas with a suitable CO/H2 ratio in a one‐step reaction is desirable in the CO2RR process. To achieve this end, dual single‐atom sites supported by the nitrogen‐doped carbon show great potential. Herein, we show that a dual single‐atom catalyst with Bi−N4 and Zn−N4 units is efficient for generating syngas with tunable CO/H2 ratios (0.20 to 2.92), which is of great significance to downstream industrial production. Moreover, this work highlights the potential to control the CO/H2 ratios for efficient syngas production using the coexisting single‐atom sites.
Rh(II)‐catalyzed Intermolecular Benzylic C(sp3)−H Alkylation of Methyl‐substituted Arenes by N‐Aryl‐α‐diazo‐β‐amidoesters
Authors: Yuan Shaoren , McLaren Eric J. , France Stefan
Published: January 2022

Herein, a general approach to intermolecular benzylic C(sp3)−H alkylation of methyl‐substituted arenes is reported using metal carbenes derived from N‐aryl‐α‐diazo‐β‐amidoesters and dirhodium catalysts. Alkylated products were formed in up to 81 % yield with demonstrated functional group tolerance, outpacing previous literature. The unique amide‐ester scaffolding can be exploited through various derivatizations for broad synthetic utility and provides a starting point for the development of selectivity rules and reactivity profiles for these intermolecular C(sp3)−H functionalizations.
Influence of the MgO grade in MgO‐C refractory material and steel melt temperature on the inclusion population in Al‐treated steel
Authors: Kerber Florian , Malczyk Piotr , Stein Volker , Schemmel Thomas , Jansen Helge , Aneziris Christos G.
Published: January 2022

The influence of two industrially fabricated MgO‐C specimens differing in the MgO grade of the used MgO raw material on the population of nonmetallic inclusions via immersion tests was investigated. The immersion tests were performed in molten, Al‐treated 42CrMo4 steel at 1600°C and 1680°C in a steel casting simulator for 30 min. The inclusion population remaining within the solidified steel was characterized by the help of an EDS‐aided automated scanning electron microscope using an automated feature analysis. Several thousands of inclusions were detected and fully classified considering both their size and their elemental composition.

The presented work reveals the impact of the MgO grade of the immersed MgO‐C specimens on the characteristics of the remaining nonmetallic inclusion population in dependency on the temperature of the molten steel. Significant differences in the total number of remaining inclusions and in regards to their size and species were exhibited and in‐depth analyzed.

The paper contributes to the understanding of inclusion evolution mechanisms and propose potentially occurring phenomena based on the gained results.
The Decisive Role of Spin States and Spin Coupling in Dictating Selective O2 Adsorption in Chromium(II) Metal–Organic Frameworks**
Authors: Jose Reshma , Kancharlapalli Srinivasu , Ghanty Tapan K. , Pal Sourav , Rajaraman Gopalan
Published: January 2022

The coordinatively unsaturated chromium(II)‐based Cr3[(Cr4Cl)3(BTT)8]2 (Cr−BTT; BTT3−=1,3,5‐benzenetristetrazolate) metal–organic framework (MOF) has been shown to exhibit exceptional selectivity towards adsorption of O2 over N2/H2. Using periodic density functional theory (DFT) calculations, we attempted to decipher the origin of this puzzling selectivity. By computing and analyzing the magnetic exchange coupling, binding energies, the partial density of states (pDOS), and adsorption isotherms for the pristine and gas‐bound MOFs [(Cr4(X)4Cl)3(BTT)8]3− (X=O2, N2, and H2), we unequivocally established the role of spin states and spin coupling in controlling the gas selectivity. The computed geometries and gas adsorption isotherms are consistent with the earlier experiments. The binding of O2 to the MOF follows an electron‐transfer mechanism resulting in a CrIII superoxo species (O2.−) with a very strong antiferromagnetic coupling between the two centers, whereas N2/H2 are found to weakly interact with the metal center and hence only slightly perturb the associated coupling constants. Although the gas‐bound and unbound MOFs have an S=0 ground state (GS), the nature of spin the configurations and the associated magnetic exchanges are dramatically different. The binding energy and the number of oxygen molecules that can favorably bind to the Cr center were found to vary with respect to the spin state, with a significant energy margin (47.6 kJ mol−1). This study offers a hitherto unknown strategy of using spin state/spin couplings to control gas adsorption selectivity in MOFs.
Highly Selective Lysine Acylation in Proteins Using a Lys‐His Tag Sequence
Authors: Kofoed Christian , Wu Shunliang , Sørensen Kasper K. , Treiberg Tuule , Arnsdorf Johnny , Bjørn Sara P. , Jensen Tanja L. , Voldborg Bjørn G. , Thygesen Mikkel B. , Jensen Knud J. , Schoffelen Sanne
Published: January 2022

Chemical modification of proteins has numerous applications, but it has been challenging to achieve the required high degree of selectivity on lysine amino groups. Recently, we described the highly selective acylation of proteins with an N‐terminal Gly‐His6 segment. This tag promoted acylation of the N‐terminal Nα‐amine resulting in stable conjugates. Herein, we report the peptide sequences Hisn‐Lys‐Hism, which we term Lys‐His tags. In combination with simple acylating agents, they facilitate the acylation of the designated Lys Nϵ‐amine under mild conditions and with high selectivity over native Lys residues. We show that the Lys‐His tags, which are 7 to 10 amino acids in length and still act as conventional His tags, can be inserted in proteins at the C‐terminus or in loops, thus providing high flexibility regarding the site of modification. Finally, the selective and efficient acylation of the therapeutic antibody Rituximab, pure or mixed with other proteins, demonstrates the scope of the Lys‐His tag acylation method.
Influence of Substituents in the Benzene Ring on the Halogen Bond of Iodobenzene with Ammonia
Authors: Scheiner Steve , Hunter Sarah
Published: January 2022

The effects on the C−I⋅⋅N halogen bond between iodobenzene and NH3 of placing various substituents on the phenyl ring are monitored by quantum calculations. Substituents R=N(CH3)2, NH2, CH3, OCH3, COCH3, Cl, F, COH, CN, and NO2 were each placed ortho, meta, and para to the I. The depth of the σ‐hole on I is deepened as R becomes more electron‐withdrawing which is reflected in a strengthening of the halogen bond, which varied between 3.3 and 5.5 kcal mol−1. In most cases, the ortho placement yields the largest perturbation, followed by meta and then para, but this trend is not universal. Parallel to these substituent effects is a progressive lengthening of the covalent C−I bond. Formation of the halogen bond reduces the NMR chemical shielding of all three nuclei directly involved in the C−I⋅⋅N interaction. The deshielding of the electron donor N is most closely correlated with the strength of the bond, as is the coupling constant between I and N, so both have potential use as spectroscopic measures of halogen bond strength.