bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Contributing to an autism biobank: Diverse perspectives from autistic participants, family members and researchers
Authors: Lilley Rozanna , Rapaport Hannah , Poulsen Rebecca , Yudell Michael , Pellicano Elizabeth
Published: October 2023

There has been intense debate within the autistic and autism communities about the use of autism biobanks – repositories containing biological and phenotypic materials – and of genomic autism research more broadly. Here, we sought to understand the views and experiences of those contributing to one specific biobank, the Australian Autism Biobank. We adopted a multi-informant approach, conducting semi-structured interviews with 77 people, including 18 autistic probands, 46 parents and seven siblings, all of whom donated material to the Biobank, as well as six researchers employed on the project. Specifically, we asked: what motivated participants and researchers to contribute to the Australian Autism Biobank? And how did they feel about their involvement in that process? We analysed the data using reflexive thematic analysis, adopting an inductive approach within an essentialist framework. We identified three themes, which revealed a wide diversity of viewpoints, including positive conceptualisations of autism linked to neurodiversity and more negative conceptualisations linked to hopes for the development of genetic screening and reproductive choice. These findings have implications for the meaning, value and future directions of autism science. This research has been conducted using the Australian Autism Biobank resource.

Lay abstract

A lot of autism research has focused on finding genes that might cause autism. To conduct these genetic studies, researchers have created ‘biobanks’ – collections of biological samples (such as blood, saliva, urine, stool and hair) and other health information (such as cognitive assessments and medical histories). Our study focused on the Australian Autism Biobank, which collected biological and health information from almost 1000 Australian autistic children and their families. We wanted to know what people thought about giving their information to the Biobank and why they chose to do so. We spoke to 71 people who gave to the Biobank, including 18 autistic adolescents and young adults, 46 of their parents and seven of their siblings. We also spoke to six researchers who worked on the Biobank project. We found that people were interested in giving their information to the Biobank so they could understand why some people were autistic. Some people felt knowing why could help them make choices about having children in the future. People also wanted to be involved in the Biobank because they believed it could be a resource that could help others in the future. They also trusted that scientists would keep their information safe and were keen to know how that information might be used in the future. Our findings show that people have lots of different views about autism biobanks. We suggest researchers should listen to these different views as they develop their work.
Discrimination and normalization as an effortful social practice: An analysis of LGBTQ+ families in Germany
Authors: Teschlade Julia , Motakef Mona , Wimbauer Christine
Published: October 2023

While legal recognition of same-sex relationships and families has increased in many democratic countries, discrimination on the grounds of sexual orientation, both open and subtle, still exists. Drawing on qualitative interviews from Germany, this study uses the grounded theory methodology to analyse LGBTQ+ families’ normalization practices in response to experienced and anticipated discrimination. We show that normalization practices are not merely an assimilation to a neoliberal heteronormative family ideal, as criticised in debates on homonormativity, but require arduous efforts within heteronormative societies. Furthermore, normalization practices simultaneously challenge (traditional) family norms, through both overt political struggles and sub-politically within everyday practices.
Indoor air quality in Saudi residential homes
Authors: ElSharkawy Mahmoud Fathy
Published: October 2023

This study aimed to assess the level of IAQ (indoor air quality) through monitoring of several air pollutants inside selected homes in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia, and to study the most affecting factors on IAQ. Continuous 8-hour monitoring at each home during six months of 2019–2020 was conducted for six air pollutants inside and outside 200 homes, representing three main Saudi cities (Dammam, Al-Hofuf and Qatif). Measurements of six air pollutants were conducted in the kitchen, the living room and the bedroom inside each home and simultaneously outside these homes in their immediate vicinity. The highest mean levels of PM10 (50.3 ± 20.0 µg/m3), CO2 (822.9 ± 195.1 ppm) and NO2 (0.044 ± 0.009 ppm) were found in kitchens, while the highest mean level of CO (1.27 ± 0.25 ppm) was found in living rooms. As for total volatile organic compounds (TVOC) and SO2, their levels were nearly the same at three sites (0.21 ± 0.04 ppm and 0.018 ± 0.002 ppm, respectively). Levels of PM10 exceeded their air quality guidelines (AQGs) in homes that are located near industrial and agricultural areas, while levels of other air pollutants were lower than their AQGs in all regions. The increase in concentrations of air pollutants outdoors was accompanied by an increase in concentrations indoors.
Research on the influential factors related to the fuel leakage rate in the plunger-sleeve clearance of high pressure common rail system
Authors: Lu Xiangdong , Zhao Jianhui , Grekhov Leonid
Published: October 2023

In this study, a numerical model of the fuel leakage rate in the plunger-sleeve clearance of high-pressure common rail system was established based on graph theory. The transient clearance changes caused by the elastic deformation and the physical properties of the fuel along the flow direction within the plunger-sleeve were considered. This model realized the fluid–structure–thermal transient coupling during the leakage, and the accuracy was verified by comparing the calculated fuel leakage rate with the experimental data. Based on the main structural parameters of the plunger-sleeve, a three-level five-factor experimental calculation matrix was proposed using the D-optimal design method. The fuel leakage rates of all groups in the calculation matrix were obtained based on the fuel leakage rate numerical model, and the significant influencing parameters of the fuel leakage rate were determined using analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results indicate that the plunger diameter, sleeve external diameter, plunger-sleeve initial clearance and sealing length are significant parameters that affect the fuel leakage rate. In case of interaction between parameters, the interaction between the plunger diameter and sleeve external diameter, plunger diameter and plunger-sleeve initial clearance, and plunger diameter and plunger-sleeve sealing length contributed to a significant change in the fuel leakage rate. The influencing behavior of significant single parameters and significant interactions between parameters on the fuel leakage rate were revealed. The research outcomes can provide theoretical support for the optimization of the design of plunger-sleeve.
Speak truth! The role of Black women's dialogue in the production of scholarship
Authors: Cook Daniella Ann , Bryan Michelle L.
Published: October 2023

In this article, we offer insights derived from an analysis of a structured dialogue on methodological decision making. Our analysis highlights the ways in which our dialogic process for revising a manuscript reflected key onto-epistemic qualities of Black women's ways of knowing. Drawing from an Afrocentric feminist epistemological standpoint, we tease apart how shared ways of knowing can facilitate heightened clarity about one's engagement in the research process. By positioning structured dialogues as a methodological tool, we offer several insights regarding their generative nature in facilitating researcher clarity on methodological decision making and in elucidating key shifts in the evolution of a researcher's methodological self. Indeed, as a form of facilitated reflexive praxis, engaging in structure dialogues about one's methodological choices is requisite for defining and understanding oneself as a researcher, scholar, and intellectual.
‘Taking knowledge on a journey’: Creating conditions for epistemic justice
Authors: Skelton Diana , Coyne Brendan , Monje Barón Beatriz , Blunschi Ackermann Marie-Rose
Published: October 2023

When stakeholders in participatory action research [PAR] projects live in poverty, practices sometimes fail to recognize and draw on their capacity for critical reflection. This constitutes epistemic (knowledge-based) injustice. It is problematic for approaches rooted in covenantal ethics and beliefs that PAR should empower participants as ‘actors of knowledge.’ This paper reflects on a research project carried out by All Together in Dignity Fourth World [ATD]. To ensure co-production of knowledge, ATD made unconventional decisions about methodology, allocating resources, and interacting with academics. In many ways, these choices created conditions for epistemic justice. However ATD faced important challenges around North-South power dynamics, engagement with academia, and the comprehensibility of deeply personal conclusions reached by project participants. More positively, a dogged effort to invent conditions for epistemic justice transformed ATD’s governance, the ways some institutions address poverty, and the way participants addressed inter-generational traumas.
Input, Outcome, and Impact: A Program-Informed Model to Improve the Effectiveness of Corporate Social Marketing
Authors: Campbell Alexander , Deshpande Sameer , Kumar Sunil , Rundle-Thiele Sharyn , West Tracey
Published: October 2023

Background

The purpose of this research is to extend Corporate Social Marketing (CSM) literature and provide practitioners with a framework that can be used in different contexts, as the existing literature lacks an understanding of what factors determine the success of a CSM program and understand the interplay between cross-sector partnerships, CSM, and societal outcomes and impact delivery. Companies are taking a greater interest in addressing social issues, utilizing innovative CSR approaches such as CSM to promote behavior change among their audience while matching their core strengths and attributes ( Kotler et al., 2012 ).

Focus of the Article

The article evaluates how the CSM program Mein Pragati developed lasting behavior change and seeks to develop a conceptual model around its success.

Research Question

How can the CSM contribute to behavior change programs?

Program Design/Approach Importance to the Social Marketing Field

The proposed model (Input, Outcome, and Impact Model of Program Development) provides a structured approach to building a CSM program that changes behavior and develops mutual benefit between corporations, government, and nonprofits.

Methods

Using a case study approach, this paper analyzes a successful financial inclusion program, Mein Pragati of a global analytics company, CRISIL, and its CSR arm. The three studies (in-depth interviews with eight management members, in-depth interviews with 82 Sakhis (peer educators) and their spouses, and 248 survey interviews with beneficiaries reveal the connection between program development, social outcomes, and societal impact.

Results

Based on the findings of the three studies, the cross-sector Input, Output, and Outcome Model of the Program Development proposes ways to build effective CSR interventions. Individually, the findings from the in-depth interviews provide a thematic overview of CSM’s success, peer educator interviews identify the impact and outcomes of Mein Pragati, and beneficiary interviews demonstrate program success.

Recommendations for Research and Practice

Future research can empirically test the Input, Outcome, and Impact Model of Program Development, as further exploration of CSM is needed to understand how the concepts of people, planet, and profits can mutually benefit and provide both behavioral and societal change within program development.
Guideline Compliance and Indications for Inferior Vena Cava Filter Placement at a Quaternary Care Medical Center
Authors: Choe June , Liang Richard , Weinberg Aaron S. , Tapson Victor F.
Published: October 2023

Purpose:

This study investigated physician compliance with indications for inferior vena cava (IVC) filter placement according to the 2012 American College of Chest Physicians (ACCP) and the 2011 Society of Interventional Radiology (SIR) guidelines.

Materials and Methods:

A retrospective medical record review of 231 retrievable IVC filters placed between August 15, 2016, and December 28, 2017, at a large urban academic medical center. Guideline compliance to the 2012 ACCP and the 2011 SIR guidelines, and indications for IVC filter placements were assessed through an adjudication protocol. Filter retrieval and complication rates were also examined.

Results:

Compliance to guidelines was low (60.2% for ACCP; 74.0% for SIR), especially for non-intensive care unit (ICU) patients (ICU 74.6% vs non-ICU 54.8%, p=0.007 for ACCP; ICU 82.5% vs non-ICU 70.8%, p=0.092 for SIR). After adjudication, 8.2% (19/231) of filters were considered non-indicated but reasonable, 17.7% (41/231) non-indicated and unreasonable, and 13.9% (32/231) SIR-indicated but not ACCP-indicated. The most common indication was venous thromboembolism with contraindication to anticoagulation. The most common reasons for non-compliance were distal deep venous thrombosis with contraindication to anticoagulation (19/60, 31.6%) and clot burden (19/60, 31.6%). One-year filter retrieval and 90-day complication rates were 32.0% (74/231) and 6.1% (14/231), respectively.

Conclusion:

Compliance to established guidelines was low. Reasons for non-compliance included limitations or discrepancies in guidelines, as well as non–evidence-based filter placements.

Clinical Impact

Despite increasing utilization of inferior vena cava (IVC) filters, guideline compliance for IVC filter placement among providers is unclear. The results of this study indicate that physician compliance to established guidelines is poor, especially in non-intensive-care-unit patients. Noncompliance stems from non-evidence-based filter placement as well as differences and limitations in guidelines. Avoiding non-indicated IVC filter placement and consolidation of guidelines may significantly improve guideline compliance. The critical insights gained from this study can help promote judicious use of IVC filters and highlight the role of venous thromboembolism experts in navigating complex cases and nuances of guidelines.
Oxygen Saturation or Tissue Oxygen Determinations on Skin Whose Viability is at Risk
Authors: Richardson Mark , Mani Raj
Published: October 2023

The triad of ischaemia, neuropathy, and infection are among the principal causes of lower extremity wounds that are commonly prevalent in patients with diabetic foot (DF) a condition in which peripheral arterial disease commonly co-exists. The prevalence of this condition is increasing globally and with it, the mounting costs of its management. One aspect of management is saving limbs and or digits, a crucial part of this process is assessing tissue viability of skin which is a focus of this review: there are other aspects which are well described in the literature. Amputations are offered to limit the damage resulting from acute/chronic ischaemia. Holstein measured skin perfusion pressure using a radioisotope clearance technique to describe critically ischaemic skin; he found 30 mm Hg as the threshold above which healing may reliably be expected. Recent advances in vascular surgery and related technology have informed evidence-based advice to revascularize and save limbs; in practice, this may leave a wound in the distal skin unhealed; managing these raises questions of tissue viability. Much effort has been made to manage, prevent and to better understand these lower extremity wounds using measurements of tissue oxygen, oxygen saturation and skin imaging. The measurement techniques and their relevant merits are examined in this article. Advances in wound management systems and protocols can also facilitate the repair processes, and those which can have a particular impact on restoring or maintaining tissue perfusion are also discussed in the article.
Sedentary Behavior, Physical Activity Patterns, and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in South African Office-Based Workers
Authors: Phaswana Merling , Gordon Neil F. , Gradidge Philippe Jean-Luc
Published: October 2023

Office-based workers typically have a sedentary lifestyle and spend the majority of their working hours sitting, which can lead to an increased risk of cardiometabolic diseases. This cross-sectional study aimed to quantify sedentary behavior and overall physical activity, and to determine their association with cardiometabolic risk factors in a cohort of 122 office workers. Sedentary behavior and physical activity were assessed using questionnaires and wrist-worn Axivity accelerometers. Weight, height, body mass index, waist circumference, waist-to-height ratio, blood pressure, and point-of-care blood variables (namely, lipids and lipoproteins, glucose, and glycated hemoglobin) were also measured. Most (68.0%) of the study participants were women, with a mean age of 40.2 ± 9.3 years. The self-reported total daily sedentary time for this cohort was 595.5 min/day (IQR: 413.5-863.4 min/day). Accelerometry-measured sedentary behavior was positively associated with light physical activity (β: .98, P = .001) and inversely associated with moderate-to-vigorous activity (β: −.08, P = .01). Both systolic (β: −.234, P = .037) and diastolic blood pressure (β: −.250, P < .001) were inversely associated with accelerometry-measured light physical activity. However, there was no association between sedentary behavior and cardiometabolic risk factors. Our findings show that South African office workers spend a substantial amount of time sitting during work hours and while commuting, and support the need for public health workplace interventions to mitigate the potential health risks of sedentary behavior.
Is Simulation as an Investigative Method as Good as Reality?
Authors: Vemuri Sidharth , O’Neill Jenny , Hynson Jenny , Williams Katrina , Gillam Lynn
Published: October 2023

Clinical simulation offers an alternative to naturalistic inquiry of phenomena in health care that are ethically and logistically difficult for researchers to access firsthand. However, whether it is a similar experience, and the extent simulation elicits data that is meaningful for the real-world phenomenon under investigation is unknown. To address this gap, we explored the experience of 18 paediatricians who were participants in our wider phenomenological simulation-based study of communication practices related to paediatric advance care planning. We identified that: (1) the simulation felt real despite differences to reality, and (2) the paediatricians’ consciousness of their involvement in research condensed the pace of the advance care planning communication process but did not change their overall approach. In summary, simulation as an investigative method can enrich the understanding of the phenomenon of interest. These findings should encourage researchers to consider simulation for future qualitative inquiry.
Rotating blade vibration parameter identification based on genetic algorithm
Authors: Xiangxiang Shen , Guo Chen , Fuhai Liu
Published: October 2023

In this paper, aiming at the identification of blade vibration parameters such as constant speed synchronization, constant speed asynchronous, and variable speed synchronization, the simulation platform Simulink is used to model the blade vibration system, and the blade tip timing vibration measurement system model is constructed. A method of blade vibration parameter identification based on genetic algorithm is proposed, and numerical simulation and experimental verification are carried out. The results show that the parameter identification of blade vibration by genetic algorithm has high accuracy and strong anti-noise interference ability. The influence of key parameters on the identification of blade vibration parameters is studied. For the constant speed synchronous and constant speed asynchronous vibration of the blade, the angle between the sensors should not be an integral multiple of 2π as far as possible, and the larger DR (Distribution Range) value should be guaranteed. The higher the frequency doubling of blade vibration, the more sensors are needed. For the variable speed synchronous vibration of the blade, the frequency doubling is greater than the influence of the sensor layout on the parameter identification results, but the number of sensors is too small, which will seriously affect the identification accuracy of the frequency doubling. Aiming at the blade vibration test, a blade vibration tester is designed. The blade variable speed synchronous vibration test is carried out by using the strain gauge method and the tip timing method. The measurement results of the strain gauge method are basically consistent with the measurement results based on the genetic algorithm and the tip timing.
Wrist arthrodesis and soft tissue rebalancing in the spastic hand
Authors: Nixon Matthew , Zreik Nasri , Bakhit Hany
Published: October 2023

The aim of the present study was to investigate the outcomes of wrist arthrodesis with simultaneous soft tissue rebalancing of the digits in the spastic wrist. In 43 wrists (40 patients) the surgical goals, patient selection, procedures and outcomes were assessed. Preoperatively, mean passive extension was to 44° below neutral and only two patients had volitional control. Postoperatively, 33 and 10 cases reported excellent and good outcomes, respectively. A mean Goal Attainment Score of 62.4 indicated better than expected outcomes. In total, 37 hands required simultaneous finger rebalancing: 24 underwent tendon transfers and 13 surgical releases. A total of 12 thumbs required tendon transfers, three soft tissue releases and five metacarpophalangeal joint stabilization. Ten patients experienced complications, most commonly wound problems and implant failure, predominantly observed in patients with severe wrist and elbow contractures. In conclusion, wrist arthrodesis with simultaneous soft tissue rebalancing of the digits offers a viable approach in patients with severe spasticity. Cautious patient selection and consideration of potential complications are crucial for good outcomes.

Level of evidence: IV
Aging in cyberspace: Exploring health information acquisition among older WeChat users
Authors: Li Wenshu , Chang Leanne
Published: October 2023

A growing number of older adults are using social media to acquire health information through active information search (i.e., information seeking) and routine exposure to media sources (i.e., information scanning). In China, as in other societies, social media platforms have become a mixed source of credible and unreliable health information that could impact older adults’ health self-management. Understanding factors associated with their use of social media to acquire health information is crucial for promoting smart online information practices among older adults. Against this backdrop, this study explored the association between two cognitive factors (outcome expectancy and efficacy) and two relational factors (social support and health opinion leadership) with older WeChat users’ health information seeking and scanning behaviors. We conducted a paper-and-pencil survey with 407 older adults aged 60 and above ( M = 68.54, SD = 6.21) in an eastern city in China. The results indicated that older WeChat users’ health information scanning was associated with their health status, efficacy, social support, and health opinion leadership. Additionally, their health information seeking was associated with their education, efficacy, health opinion leadership, and frequency of health information scanning. This paper concludes with discussions on the theoretical and practical implications of the findings.
Literature Review on Emerging Educational Practices Mediated by Digital Technologies in Higher Education, Based on Academic Papers
Authors: Lindín Carles , Engel Anna , Gràcia Marta , Rivera-Vargas Pablo , Rubio María José
Published: October 2023

Compared to the abundant generic research on technologies and education, few studies focus on the scope of whether the technologies used meet the expectations set forth in international reports and to what extent technology contributes to transforming educational practice. Our objective was to identify and analyze the characteristics of educational practices that are being developed in higher education and to assess the value that technology brings to educational practice. We conducted a systematic review of academic papers published in scientific journals: a corpus of 1,207 articles from six journals included in indexed databases (JCR and SJR), selected using Google Scholar Metrics. According to the various records screened, the study we present is based on 49 articles, published between 2018 and 2019. We conclude that beyond their reproducible, enriching, or transformative nature, most of the articles analyzed address the improvement of students’ performance, engagement, or self-perception, in which they positively value the experience of learning mediated by digital technology, although they do not have an impact on the transformative value.
Is There a Possibility to Characterize an Organizational Culture by Its Selected Cultural Dimensions?
Authors: Copuš Lukáš , Madzík Peter , Šajgalíková Helena , Čarnogurský Karol
Published: October 2023

Many dimensional models of organizational cultures were developed decades ago, thus, in very different contexts. The world has become more complex, and such complexity can be identified in many aspects of everyday life, including working spheres. The objective of the study is to identify the changes in the perception of the complexity of characteristics of organizational cultures. Research is based on the Nine Factors Methodology aimed at the analysis of the motivational potential of organizational cultures and, based on the results, the analysis of the differences between/among selected subcultures. In the study, bivariant correlation analysis and factorial analysis with PCA extraction are used. The results show that the number of factors (dimensions) has lowered through the decades. While in 1999, nine factors of organizational culture were used to characterize it, in 2007, there were seven factors, and in 2017, only four factors which assumably led to the increase in their complexity. Even though the importance of existing dimensional models cannot be underestimated at present, the study indicates that the complexity of organizations and their organizational cultures results in more complex and interconnected individual dimensions than suggested initially. According to the study, when analyzing organizational cultures, a wider context must be considered, including relations between and among their dimensions because atomizing culture into individual dimensions provides an incomplete picture of the culture in question. At the same time, it is necessary to look at the organizations as heterogeneous units, which include several possible subcultures.
The Intersection of Racism and Neuroscience Technology: A Cautionary Tale for the Criminal Legal System
Authors: Perkins Emily R. , Bradford Daniel E. , Verona Edelyn , Hamilton Roy H. , Joyner Keanan J.
Published: October 2023

Neuroscience evidence is appealing as a means to increase “objectivity” and reduce racial disparities in the criminal legal system. However, increasing reliance on defendants’ brain data may instead maintain racial disparities while rendering biases invisible. First, neurobiological data are not any more objective than traditional psychological measures. Second, the complexity and inaccessibility of neuroscience undermines public understanding of what such data can actually say. Third, existing methodologies have limitations when working with hair types and skin colors that are socially coded as Black; these phenotypic biases reduce both the reliability of individual data and the representativeness of comparison groups, skewing interpretations of defendants’ brain data. More research is needed before neuroscience evidence can be considered more probative than prejudicial.
Using XR (Extended Reality) for Behavioral, Clinical, and Learning Sciences Requires Updates in Infrastructure and Funding
Authors: Draschkow Dejan , Anderson Nicola C. , David Erwan , Gauge Nathan , Kingstone Alan , Kumle Levi , Laurent Xavier , Nobre Anna C. , Shiels Sally , Võ Melissa L.-H.
Published: October 2023

Extended reality (XR, including augmented and virtual reality) creates a powerful intersection between information technology and cognitive, clinical, and education sciences. XR technology has long captured the public imagination, and its development is the focus of major technology companies. This article demonstrates the potential of XR to (1) deliver behavioral insights, (2) transform clinical treatments, and (3) improve learning and education. However, without appropriate policy, funding, and infrastructural investment, many research institutions will struggle to keep pace with the advances and opportunities of XR. To realize the full potential of XR for basic and translational research, funding should incentivize (1) appropriate training, (2) open software solutions, and (3) collaborations between complementary academic and industry partners. Bolstering the XR research infrastructure with the right investments and incentives is vital for delivering on the potential for transformative discoveries, innovations, and applications.
Promoting Gender-Affirming Care: Challenging Conflation and Embracing Complexity
Authors: Rouse Melvin L.
Published: October 2023

Anti-LGBTQ legislation and policies that restrict access to gender-affirming care for gender-diverse youth have been on the rise. These policies, particularly policies that restrict gender-affirming care for trans and gender-diverse youth, are often based on a narrow interpretation of data and oversimplification of the concepts of sex and gender. Quantitative and qualitative public health data show that queer and gender-diverse youth face significant mental health risks, so they need care and treatment options that address their distinct needs. Recognizing the complexities of sex and gender, inclusive policies should support gender-affirming care for gender-diverse youth. Restrictive legislation and policies based on oversimplified understandings of sex and gender perpetuate discrimination and harm. Policy recommendations include ensuring access to gender-affirming care, providing comprehensive LGBTQ-inclusive education and training for healthcare providers, and ensuring protection against discrimination.
Healthy by Nature: Policy Practices Aimed at Maximizing the Human Behavioral Health Benefits of Nature Contact
Authors: LoTemplio Sara , McDonnell Amy S. , Nadkarni Nalini , Walker Sarah , Gallegos-Riofrío Carlos Andres , Scott Emily E. , Bettmann Joanna E. , Rojas-Rueda David , Dahl Jamie , Tomasso Linda Powers , Lawler Joshua J. , Davalos Deana , Strayer David L.
Published: October 2023

Research suggests that spending time in nature is associated with numerous human behavioral health benefits, including improved executive functioning abilities, enhanced recovery from stressful situations, better mental health, and better educational outcomes. Greener neighborhoods also tend to have positive population-level health outcomes. Although promising, much of this research has focused primarily on selective populations and fails to account for cultural differences in how “nature” is conceptualized. Therefore, challenges may arise as policymakers aim to implement nature-based policies in their communities, given the immense cultural diversity of the United States alone. Given this ever-present challenge in behavioral sciences, policy recommendations aim both to maximize benefits of nature contact and to employ a flexible equity lens that allow for differences according to community need.
Green Business and Performance of Green Stock Indices in COVID-19 Impacted Indian Stock Market: A Study with Reference to BSE S&P GREENEX and CARBONEX
Authors: Chowdhury Swagato Roy , Ghosh Arindam , Jafar Amir , Chakraborty Mainak
Published: October 2023

The Indian stock market and the investors’ confidence level was affected badly by COVID-19 crisis. World Business Council for Sustainable Development (2020) had stated that investor decision-making at the present time is influenced by the sustainability orientation of the companies. In the context of COVID-19 crisis, it is important to project investor behaviour in the post-lockdown phase to understand the stock market potential. This research has attempted to perceive the status of economic resurgence with respect to two Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) green indices, that is, CARBONEX and GREENEX. A comparative analysis of such indices has been performed over the lockdown and unlockdown phases until 20 July 2021. This research attempted to find if the indices were significantly different in lockdown and unlockdown phases. A significant mean variance would indicate development in sustainable business operations since lockdown period and an increment in such values would draw better investment in Indian stock market in future, even amid further mild COVID waves with partial lockdowns. One-way between-the-groups ANOVA has been performed to see if the means of CARBONEX and GREENEX indices are significantly varying in the aforementioned phases. A significant variance will help the Indian investors to look forward to the post-COVID economic reinstatement.
Studying the Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Buying Behaviour of Indians Through Literature Survey
Authors: Iyer Venkatesh B. , Verma Vibha
Published: October 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly affected the thought process of all consumers all over the world. Many consumers are preferring online shopping and digital payments over traditional methods. To remain competitive, businesses had to adapt to these changes and cater to the demands of consumers. This study investigates the impact of the pandemic on consumers and how firms in India have adjusted to the changes. The authors adopted the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) method to analyse the literature. The study was conducted using Google Scholar to find research works published from January 2020 to December 2022. The articles selected from PRISMA were analysed and peculiar observations have been reported. The consumers are shifting towards online shopping, but traditional methods of shopping have their own place. Therefore, the shift from online to offline is not permanent for all the consumers.
Leveraging a disulfidptosis-related signature to predict the prognosis and immunotherapy effectiveness of cutaneous melanoma based on machine learning
Authors: Zhao Yi , Wei Yanjun , Fan Lingjia , Nie Yuanliu , Li Jianan , Zeng Renya , Li Jixian , Zhan Xiang , Lei Lingli , Kang Zhichao , Li Jiaxin , Zhang Wentao , Yang Zhe
Published: October 2023

Background

Disulfidptosis is a recently discovered programmed cell death pathway. However, the exact molecular mechanism of disulfidptosis in cutaneous melanoma remains unclear.

Methods

In this study, clustering analysis was performed using data from public databases to construct a prognostic model, which was subsequently externally validated. The biological functions of the model genes were then investigated through various experimental techniques, including qRT-PCR, Western blotting, CCK-8 assay, wound healing assay, and Transwell assay.

Results

We constructed a signature using cutaneous melanoma (CM) data, which accurately predicts the overall survival (OS) of patients. The predictive value of this signature for prognosis and immune therapy response was validated using multiple external datasets. High-risk CM subgroups may exhibit decreased survival rates, alterations in the tumor microenvironment (TME), and increased tumor mutation burden. We initially verified the expression levels of five optimum disulfidptosis-related genes (ODRGs) in normal tissues and CM. The expression levels of these genes were further confirmed in HaCaT cells and three melanoma cell lines using qPCR and protein blotting analysis. HLA-DQA1 emerged as the gene with the highest regression coefficient in our risk model, highlighting its role in CM. Mechanistically, HLA-DQA1 demonstrated the ability to suppress CM cell growth, proliferation, and migration.

Conclusion

In this study, a novel signature related to disulfidptosis was constructed, which accurately predicts the survival rate and treatment sensitivity of CM patients. Additionally, HLA-DQA1 is expected to be a feasible therapeutic target for effective clinical treatment of CM.
Determinants of caregiving grandparents’ physical activity and sedentary behavior: a qualitative study using focus group discussions
Authors: Vermote Marie , Deliens Tom , Deforche Benedicte , D’Hondt Eva
Published: October 2023

Background

Evidence on the factors influencing physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) in middle-aged and older adults taking care of their grandchild(ren) is limited, even though this knowledge seems imperative when considering the unique relationship between grandparents and their grandchild(ren) as well as the rising popularity of intergenerational interventions targeting these energy-expenditure related behaviors. Therefore, this explorative qualitative study aimed to identify the determinants of PA and SB levels among Flemish caregiving grandparents in the presence of their grandchild(ren) aged between 0–5 years.

Methods

Six online focus group discussions were conducted via Microsoft Teams, all of which were audio- and videotaped with permission granted by the participating grandparents. In total, nine caregiving grandfathers and 28 caregiving grandmothers (overall mean age = 60.9 ± 4.1y) participated in this study. An inductive content analysis approach was used to derive subcategories, categories and themes from the verbatim transcribed data using NVivo R1.

Results

Caregiving grandparents’ levels of PA and SB were both influenced by personal determinants (e.g., physical health, grandparental perceptions and responsibilities), interpersonal determinants (e.g., characteristics of the grandchild(ren), such as age-related physical/motor development and family interaction), and environmental determinants (e.g., weather and seasonal circumstances). PA levels of caregiving grandparents were further affected by additional personal determinants (e.g., age of the grandparent, planning and location) and interpersonal determinants (e.g., characteristics of the grandchild(ren), such as new experiences of the grandchild(ren)). Additionally, some personal determinants (e.g., perception of educational value) and interpersonal determinants (e.g., characteristics of the grandchild(ren), such as age-related cognitive development and health of the grandchild(ren)) were strictly mentioned to influence caregiving grandparents’ SB.

Conclusions

Acknowledging the unique relationship between grandparents and their grandchild(ren), the current study identified specific factors determining grandparents’ PA and SB levels during the provision of grandchild care. Besides, it turned out of importance to take the interplay between the different determinants into account. Especially, for those grandparents with older grandchild(ren), within the studied 0–5 years age range, more attention should be paid to grandchild characteristics as part of the interpersonal determinants when setting up interventions to improve levels of PA and SB in caregiving grandparents.
Gene expression in notochord and nuclei pulposi: a study of gene families across the chordate phylum
Authors: Raghavan Rahul , Coppola Ugo , Wu Yushi , Ihewulezi Chibuike , Negrón-Piñeiro Lenny J. , Maguire Julie E. , Hong Justin , Cunningham Matthew , Kim Han Jo , Albert Todd J. , Ali Abdullah M. , Saint-Jeannet Jean-Pierre , Ristoratore Filomena , Dahia Chitra L. , Di Gregorio Anna
Published: October 2023

The transition from notochord to vertebral column is a crucial milestone in chordate evolution and in prenatal development of all vertebrates. As ossification of the vertebral bodies proceeds, involutions of residual notochord cells into the intervertebral discs form the nuclei pulposi, shock-absorbing structures that confer flexibility to the spine. Numerous studies have outlined the developmental and evolutionary relationship between notochord and nuclei pulposi. However, the knowledge of the similarities and differences in the genetic repertoires of these two structures remains limited, also because comparative studies of notochord and nuclei pulposi across chordates are complicated by the gene/genome duplication events that led to extant vertebrates. Here we show the results of a pilot study aimed at bridging the information on these two structures. We have followed in different vertebrates the evolutionary trajectory of notochord genes identified in the invertebrate chordate Ciona, and we have evaluated the extent of conservation of their expression in notochord cells. Our results have uncovered evolutionarily conserved markers of both notochord development and aging/degeneration of the nuclei pulposi.
Genetic polymorphism of Y-chromosome in Kazakh populations from Southern Kazakhstan
Authors: Ashirbekov Yeldar , Seidualy Madina , Abaildayev Arman , Maxutova Albina , Zhunussova Aigul , Akilzhanova Ainur , Sharipov Kamalidin , Sabitov Zhaxylyk , Zhabagin Maxat
Published: October 2023

Background

The Kazakhs are one of the biggest Turkic-speaking ethnic groups, controlling vast swaths of land from the Altai to the Caspian Sea. In terms of area, Kazakhstan is ranked ninth in the world. Northern, Eastern, and Western Kazakhstan have already been studied in relation to genetic polymorphism 27 Y-STR. However, current information on the genetic polymorphism of the Y-chromosome of Southern Kazakhstan is limited only by 17 Y-STR and no geographical study of other regions has been studied at this variation.

Results

The Kazakhstan Y-chromosome Haplotype Reference Database was expanded with 468 Kazakh males from the Zhambyl and Turkestan regions of South Kazakhstan by having their 27 Y-STR loci and 23 Y-SNP markers analyzed. Discrimination capacity (DC = 91.23%), haplotype match probability (HPM = 0.0029) and haplotype diversity (HD = 0.9992) are defined. Most of this Y-chromosome variability is attributed to haplogroups C2a1a1b1-F1756 (2.1%), C2a1a2-M48 (7.3%), C2a1a3-F1918 (33.3%) and C2b1a1a1a-M407 (6%). Median-joining network analysis was applied to understand the relationship between the haplotypes of the three regions. In three genetic layer can be described the position of the populations of the Southern region of Kazakhstan—the geographic Kazakh populations of Kazakhstan, the Kazakh tribal groups, and the people of bordering Asia.

Conclusion

The Kazakhstan Y-chromosome Haplotype Reference Database was formed for 27 Y-STR loci with a total sample of 1796 samples of Kazakhs from 16 regions of Kazakhstan. The variability of the Y-chromosome of the Kazakhs in a geographical context can be divided into four main clusters—south, north, east, west. At the same time, in the genetic space of tribal groups, the population of southern Kazakhs clusters with tribes from the same region, and genetic proximity is determined with the populations of the Hazaras of Afghanistan and the Mongols of China.
Enhanced CT combined with texture analysis for differential diagnosis of pleomorphic adenoma and adenolymphoma
Authors: Xia Feifei , Guo Foqing , Liu Zhe , Zeng Jie , Ma Xuehua , Yu Chongqing , Li Changxue
Published: October 2023

Objective

This study sought to evaluate the worth of the general characteristics of enhanced CT images and the histogram parameters of each stage in distinguishing pleomorphic adenoma (PA) and adenolymphoma (AL).

Methods

The imaging features and histogram parameters of preoperative enhanced CT images in 20 patients with PA and 29 patients with AL were analyzed. Tumor morphology and histogram parameters of PA and AL were compared. Area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity, and subject operational feature specificity (ROC) analysis were used to determine the differential diagnostic effect of single-stage or multi-stage parameter combinations.

Results

The difference in CT value and net enhancement value of arterial phase (AP) were significant (p < 0.05); Flat sweep phase (FSP), AP mean, percentiles, 10th, 50th, 90th, 99th and arterial period variance and venous phase (VP) kurtosis in the nine histogram parameters of each period (p < 0.05). An analysis of the ROC curve revealed a maximum area beneath the curve (AUC) in the 90th percentile of FSP for a single-parameter differential diagnosis to be 0.870. The diagnostic efficacy of the mean value of FSP + The 90th percentile of AP + Kurtosis of VP was the best in multi-parameter combination diagnosis, with an AUC of 0.925, and the sensitivity and specificity of 0.900 and 0.850, respectively.

Conclusion

The histogram analysis of enhanced CT images is valuable for the differentiation of PA and AL. Moreover, the combination of single-stage parameters or multi-stage parameters can improve the differential diagnosis efficiency.
Comparison of respiratory pathogens in children with community-acquired pneumonia before and during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Tang Mingyu , Dong Wenfang , Yuan Shuhua , Chen Jiande , Lin Jie , Wu Jinhong , Zhang Jing , Yin Yong , Zhang Lei
Published: October 2023

Background

Multifaceted non-pharmaceutical interventions during the COVID-19 pandemic have not only reduced the transmission of SARS-CoV2, but have had an effect on the prevalence of other pathogens. This retrospective study aimed to compare and analyze the changes of respiratory pathogens in hospitalized children with community-acquired pneumonia.

Methods

From January 2019 to December 2020, children with community-acquired pneumonia were selected from the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center. On the first day of hospitalization, sputum, throat swabs, venous blood samples from them were collected for detection of pathogens.

Results

A total of 2596 children with community-acquired pneumonia were enrolled, including 1871 patients in 2019 and 725 in 2020. The detection rate in 2020 was lower than in 2019, whether single or multiple pathogens. Compared with 2019, the detection rate of virus, especially parainfluenza virus, influenza virus and respiratory syncytial virus, all decreased in 2020. On the contrary, the prevalence of human rhinovirus was much higher than that in 2019. In addition, the positivity rate for bacteria did not change much over the two years, which seemed to be less affected by COVID-19. And Mycoplasma pneumoniae which broke out in 2019 has been in low prevalence since March 2020 even following the reopening of school.

Conclusions

Strict public health interventions for COVID-19 in China have effectively suppressed the spread of not only SARS-CoV2 but parainfluenza virus, influenza virus and Mycoplasma pneumonia as well. However, it had a much more limited effect on bacteria and rhinovirus. Therefore, more epidemiological surveillance of respiratory pathogens will help improve early preventive measures.