bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
GrowliFlower: An image time‐series dataset for GROWth analysis of cauLIFLOWER
Authors: Kierdorf Jana , Junker‐Frohn Laura Verena , Delaney Mike , Olave Mariele Donoso , Burkart Andreas , Jaenicke Hannah , Muller Onno , Rascher Uwe , Roscher Ribana
Published: October 2022

In this paper, we present GrowliFlower, a georeferenced, image‐based unmanned aerial vehicle time‐series dataset of two monitored cauliflower fields (0.39 and 0.60 ha) acquired in 2 years, 2020 and 2021. The proposed dataset contains RGB and multispectral orthophotos with coordinates of approximately 14,000 individual cauliflower plants. The coordinates enable the extraction of complete and incomplete time‐series of image patches showing individual plants. The dataset contains the collected phenotypic traits of 740 plants, including the developmental stage and plant and cauliflower size. The harvestable product is completely covered by leaves, thus, plant IDs and coordinates are provided to extract image pairs of plants pre‐ and post‐defoliation. In addition, to facilitate classification, detection, segmentation, instance segmentation, and other similar computer vision tasks, the proposed dataset contains pixel‐accurate leaf and plant instance segmentations, as well as stem annotations. The proposed dataset was created to facilitate the development and evaluation of various machine‐learning approaches. It focuses on the analysis of growth and development of cauliflower and the derivation of phenotypic traits to advance automation in agriculture. Two baseline results of instance segmentation tasks at the plant and leaf level based on labeled instance segmentation data are presented. The complete GrowliFlower dataset is publicly available (http://rs.ipb.uni-bonn.de/data/growliflower/).
Distance to semi‐natural habitats matters for arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in wheat roots and wheat performance in a temperate agricultural landscape
Authors: Pirhofer Walzl Karin , Ryo Masahiro , Raatz Larissa , Petermann Jana S. , Gessler Arthur , Joshi Jasmin , Rillig Matthias C.
Published: October 2022

Introduction

The proximity of semi‐natural habitats and agricultural fields in an agricultural landscape leads to unavoidable biological, chemical, and physical interactions. Fungi can negatively influence, but also support crop growth in agricultural fields. Therefore, in this field study we investigated the colonisation of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and non‐AM fungi in winter‐wheat roots as well as winter‐wheat performance in distance to semi‐natural habitats.

Materials and Methods

We sampled in an intensively managed agricultural landscape in North‐east Germany along agricultural transition zones, that is, along 50 m‐transects from semi‐natural habitats like hedgerows and glacially created in‐field ponds—so‐called kettle holes—into agricultural fields.

Results

To our knowledge, we show for the first time that AM fungal colonisation in winter‐wheat roots decreased linearly with increasing distance to semi‐natural habitats while non‐AM fungal root colonisation did not change. Winter‐wheat grain yield and biomass slightly increased with increasing distance to hedgerows but not to kettle holes. This clearly shows that there is a difference between different crop performance parameters. Random forest machine learning algorithms confirmed the particular importance of distance to semi‐natural habitats for AM fungal root colonisation and for winter‐wheat grain yield. Less intensive agricultural management close to semi‐natural habitats, for example, no herbicide and pesticide applications as a result of nature protection regulations, may partly explain this pattern. However, spatial response patterns of AM but not of non‐AM fungi in wheat roots also point to changed ecological interactions close to semi‐natural habitats.

Conclusion

Semi‐natural and natural habitats in agricultural landscapes are slowly recognised not only to be important for biodiversity conservation, but also for sustainable crop production. Additionally, they may also be a tool for farmers and policy makers to improve sustainable landscape management. And agricultural transition zones are spatially and temporally complex dynamic ecosystems that should be the focus of further investigations.
1: A Miniaturized Polarization‐multiplexed Dual‐plane Head‐mounted Display System for Augmented Reality
Authors: Yan Zekun , Li Yan , Wang Lin , Wang Bo
Published: October 2022

A dual‐plane head‐mounted display system based on polarization‐multiplexing is proposed. A metal wire grid polarizer is employed to separate the two orthogonal polarizations to different optical paths due to its excellent polarization‐selective characteristics within large angle and spectrum ranges. System parameters including the curvatures of the reflective mirrors and the aspheric lens have been optimized to achieve good image quality within a field of view of ~50 degrees at different focal depths. Our system could provide correct depths for full‐color 3D images, so that the vergence‐accommodation conflict and visual fatigue problems could be
solved.
2.1: Near‐eye light field displays with computational vision correction by manipulating vector sampling rays
Authors: Qiu Yuqing , Wan Quanzhen , Wu Ziyi , Yang Wenchao , Yang Bo-Ru , Qin Zong
Published: October 2022

This study proposes a vision‐correcting near‐eye light field display, which computationally manipulates sampling rays according to an eye's refractive error. Besides myopia and hyperopia, the proposed method can correct astigmatism and high‐order aberrations without any hardware modification. Implementation and experimental verification are provided by taking a severely astigmatic eye as an example.
3.1: Force‐induced Tunable Lens for Dark‐zone Compensation in Stretchable Display
Authors: Wu Ziyi , Chen Junwei , Zhang Gaofan , Ma Xiaowei , Qin Zong , Yang Bo-Ru
Published: October 2022

Lens array is an important component for optimizing display performances. In this paper, we further explore the lens array structure for future stretchable displays. This work proposed the force‐induced tunable lens with an adjustable diopter triggered by applied strain. Furthermore, we introduced an optical compensation method to solve the dark zone problem with this tunable lens. The optical simulation result shows the feasibility of this method used in a display array.
3.4: A Stretchable Electrophoretic Display Device with Microcavities Based on Carbon Nanotube Doped Hydrogel Electrode
Authors: Zhu Simu , Qiu Zhiguang , Zhong Min , Lu Hao , Yang Bo-ru
Published: October 2022

The electrophoretic displays (EPDs) have many advantages such as wide viewing angle, low power consumption, paper‐like reading experience, and so on. Making EPDs stretchable will lead to realize wearable displays for future IoT environment, therefore, we explored a stretchable EPD prototype based on carbon nanotube (CNT) doped hydrogel electrode with micro‐cavities.
2.2: Invited Paper: The Effect of Tablet's Color Temperature on Ocular Health in Children
Authors: Xu Jingjing
Published: October 2022

This study aims to evaluate the impact of the tablet's screen color temperature on children's eye health.

A low color temperature (2800K) tablet and a high color temperature (8500K) tablet were used for 24 children to watch cartoon video. Before and after keeping watching video for 30 minutes, the children were evaluated in some ocular parameters, such as near‐work induced transient myopia (NITM), accommodative lag, near point of convergence, accommodative amplitude et al., and an asthenopia questionnaire. Repeated analysis of variance was used to compare differences between two color temperature settings, before and after watching video, as well as to analyze the interaction.

The mean NITM of children increased after using the high color temperature tablet, while the NITM change little after using the low color temperature tablet. After using the tablet for half an hour, the tear film break‐up time was significantly shorter, but there was no significant difference between two color temperature settings. There was no difference in the total score of the visual fatigue questionnaire between the color temperatures settings after watching video. The item of burning sensation tended to score higher after watching the high color temperature tablet.

The unusually high color temperature setting in tablet induced greater NITM and higher possibilities of ocular burning sensation in children even they only watched tablet screen for 30 minutes. Color temperature is a sensitive parameter for children's ocular health.
3.4: Key factors governing the external quantum efficiency of TADF OLEDs: evidence from machine learning
Authors: Shi Haochen , Jing Wenzhu , Liu Wu , Li Yaoyao , Li Zhaojun , Qiao Bo , Zhao Suling , Xu Zheng , Song Dandan
Published: October 2022

Thermal activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) materials enable the organic light emitting devices (OLEDs) exhibiting high external quantum efficiency (EQE), as they can fully utilize singlets and triplets. Despite of the high level of the theoretical limit in EQE of TADF OLEDs, the reported values of EQE in the literature vary a lot. Hence, it is critical to quantify the effects of the factors on device EQE based on data‐driven approaches. Herein, we use the machine learning (ML) algorithms to map the relation between the material/device structural factors and the EQE. We established the dataset from a variety of experimental reports. Four algorithms are employed, among which the neural network performs best in predicting the EQE. The root mean square error is 1.96% and 3.39% for train and test sets, respectively. Based on the correlation and the feature importance studies, key factors governing the device EQE are screened out. These results provide an essential guidance for material screen and experimental device optimization of TADF OLEDs.
6.2: Visual perception based non‐reference binocular tone mapping algorithm
Authors: Song Yu , Lin Lixing , Xu Hao , Zhang Yueyuan , Xia Zhenping
Published: October 2022

Binocular tone mapping aims to improve the overall quality of the image erceived by the human eye, and has been continuously optimized since it was proposed. Based on visual perception experiment, a series of visual perception experiments are designed for the binocular perception ability of human eyes. On this basis, a visual perception based non‐reference binocular tone mapping algorithm is proposed. The algorithm has a more streamlined and closer to the human visual perception framework, and is more adaptive in practice.
9.4: Plasmonic Nanostructure‐Loaded filtering film for Color Blindness Management
Authors: Chen Wen , Zhang Xiao-Yang , Su Dan , Gao Zi-Jian , Zhang Tong
Published: October 2022

Optimization of filters for color blindness management was investigated to improve color vision on display devices. A model for simulation of CVD was built based on display primaries, twostage theory of human color vision and spectral filtration of filters. Spectral filtration of filters made of dye, nanostructures and multi‐layer dielectric filters was surveyed with varying primaries. Quantitative evaluation system of color contrast and naturalness were introduced into filter studies to optimize perceptual experience in both personal and public display products.
10.2: 31‐inch AMOLED Display with T/G IGZO Oxide Backplane produced in the Gen.11 line
Authors: Sun Qianhui , Liu Zhaosong , Chen Yuanpeng , Liu Yunxi , Hsu YuanJun , Cao Weiran , Wu Yuan-chun , Zhang Xin
Published: October 2022

A top gate IGZO TFT back panel for AMOLED display was fabricated on the G11 substrate, which exhibits excellent electrical properties and uniformity, the performance can meet the electrical requirements for large‐size display devices. The 108 points measurement was carried out to evaluate the Vth distribution on the G11 substrate, which shows the Vth range is ‐0.5V~0.5V, also the ΔVth under PBTS and NBTiS for 1 hour on the G11 substrate are less than +0.59 V and −0.22 V, respectively. Finally, we have successfully demonstrated a 31‐inch OLED display driven by the backplane produced in the G11 facility.
10.4: A 2.3‐inch Automotive AMOLED Display with Small Bending Radius
Authors: He Xueying , Mou Xin , Li Shanghong , Yu Zhengmao , Du Yongqiang , Feng Youxiong
Published: October 2022

This work reports a 12.3 inch flexible AMOLED display with small bending radius. Based on its flexible substrate and thin film encapsulation (TFE) advantages, S‐shaped demo and smart cockpit were developed by cold bending technology with minimum bending radius of 100 mm. Moreover, by hot bending forming technique, R245 and R500 demo were obtained.
12.1: Invited Paper: Comprehensive solution for high image quality in medium and large‐size AMOLED displays throughout display usage cycle
Authors: Striakhilev Denis , Tang Shuenn-Jiun , Nathan Arokia
Published: October 2022

AMOLED display system based on external compensation and image data correction allows for accurate compensation for initial non‐uniformity, TFT instability and OLED aging and thereby maintaining high image quality throughout display usage cycle. We discuss implementation of key components of the system including pixel circuit, sensing scheme and compensation algorithm along with application examples and evaluation results.
12.2: High Performance AMOLED Pixel Circuit Using Interleaved Emit Signals Based on Low‐Temperature Poly‐Si and Oxide (LTPO) TFTs
Authors: Fu Jia , Peng Zhichao , Liao Congwei , Zheng Xin , An Junjun , Liang Jian , Dai Chao , Zhang Xin , Zhang Shengdong
Published: October 2022

A concise pixel circuit with interleaved Emit signals is proposed for active matrix organic light‐emitting diode (AMOLED) displays, on the basis of low‐temperature polycrystalline silicon oxide (LTPO) TFTs. The oxide TFT can be re‐used for both initialization and threshold voltage extraction periods, using interleaved Emit signals of adjacent lines with overlapped waveforms. The proposed pixel circuit consists of 1 oxide TFT and 5 p‐type LTPS TFTs, while only 2~3 types of line‐by‐line scanning driving signals, i.e. the Emit signal and the Scan signal, are required. Implementation of the proposed pixel circuit shows that the occupation can be reduced to 40 μm × 56.7 μm. Furthermore, optimization of the pixel circuit shows the emission current error is less than 2.3% with threshold voltage variation of ± 0.5 V, while refresh rate from 1 to 120 Hz can achieved.
15.3: Two‐Dimensional Exit‐pupil Expansion in Augmented Reality (AR)
Authors: Gu Zhiyuan , Kang Xuexue , Zhao Xin , Zheng Yu
Published: October 2022

The key requirements of Augmented Reality (AR) optical modules are wearability and image quality. However, the two aspects are like two facets in the same dice, often contradicting each other due to the restriction of physics. The emergence of optical waveguide technology is expected to solve the above‐mentioned problems. Among them, the reflective waveguide has attracted much attention due to its excellent image quality and high efficiency. Especially, the two‐dimensional exit‐pupil expansion technology can further alleviate the conflict between wearability and image quality. In this work, we first introduced the principle of two‐dimensional exit‐pupil expansion. Then, we proposed a butterfly‐shaped two‐dimensional reflective waveguide, which can achieve a larger field of view and eye box in a smaller volume compared to the traditional two‐dimensional reflective waveguide. Finally, we exhibit the experimental data of the butterfly‐shaped two‐dimensional reflective waveguide and the traditional two‐dimensional reflective waveguide to show the improvement.
15.4: Holographic Waveguide Display with Large Field of View Based on Volume Holographic Grating
Authors: Wang Chuang , Zhang Yuning , Shen Zhongwen , Weng Yishi
Published: October 2022

The field of view of waveguide display systems based on volume holographic gratings is often limited by the grating diffraction response bandwidth, which still cannot meet people's needs for large field of view displays. In order to expand the viewing angle of the waveguide display, the influencing factors of the viewing angle of the waveguide display are analyzed based on the strictly coupled wave theory model, and a double‐layer volume grating waveguide structure that can effectively expand the diffraction response bandwidth is proposed. The grating is prepared by the variable‐angle fractional exposure method, and the holographic waveguide display system is built. The results show that the horizontal and vertical viewing angles of the display system can be expanded to 33° and 22°, respectively, and the diagonal viewing angle is 40°.
16.2: Invited Paper: Rapid Measurement and Quality Control Solutions for Low Luminance Performance of OLED Display
Authors: Song Li , Li Qian , Xu Songjie , Pan Jiangen
Published: October 2022

Organic light‐emitting diodes (OLED) have been widely used in mobile terminals. At the same time, the measurement and quality control solutions for low luminance performance of OLED display has become an important issue to be solved. This paper will use the objective method and the subjective method to evaluate the uniformity of different mobile phone screens of the same model, and compare the difference between subjective and objective evaluation. Based on the outcomes, this article will propose the most suitable solution for low‐luminance uniformity evaluation, as well as a quick quality control solution for full inspection of the production line.
16.5: Key Technologies and Algorithm of Measurement for Mini‐LED‐backlit LCDs
Authors: Tang Xian , Song Li , Pan Minmin , Pan Jiangen
Published: October 2022

Mini‐LED‐backlit LCD display has extremely high dynamic range and contrast ratio, but also brings halo effect. The halo phenomenon will make the original high‐definition, high‐contrast picture seems to be covered with a veil, which reduces the visibility and quality of the picture, and cannot reflect the superiority of HDR display. Based on the measurement and evaluation requirements of Mini‐LED‐backlit LCD displays, this paper proposes a test and evaluation scheme for halo phenomenon, and analyzes the key factors affecting the measurement, including the V(λ) mismatch, measurement lower limit and dynamic range, imaging quality of imaging luminance meter and halo evaluation algorithm based on Mura analysis, etc. .
18.4: AR Glasses Using Angular Color MicroLED and Waveguide
Authors: Wang Yong-Jing , Zhang Xiyu , Jiang Weiming , Wang Yuhua , Miller John , Zheng Gang , Nong Qingyou
Published: October 2022

A novel light engine structure for AR glasses based on Angular Color MicroLED and waveguide is proposed. This system uses three monochrome RGB MicroLED panels or sub panels to display information in spatially separated color zones. Patented optics utilizing the color cube or diffraction grating is used to merge the RGB zones into a full color picture. Preliminary design and evaluation show that a compact, high‐resolution, low‐cost and highly efficient AR glasses can be achieved by eliminating the transfer of mass amounts of color pixels, which is needed in conventional MicroLED displays. Diffraction gratings are integrated with the waveguide of AR glasses to merge the RGB colors. The brightness, efficiency, and compactness of AR glasses are improved. It enables MicroLED AR glasses for applications in industry and consumers market.
26.1: Invited Paper: Organic TFTs for Biaxially formed Active Surfaces
Authors: Banach Michael , Wheeler May , Russell Andrew , James Ashley
Published: October 2022

The most common transistor technologies for making active matrix displays and sensors use hard ceramic materials for the semiconducting active layer [1]. To enable flexible displays and electronics, FlexEnable has pioneered an alternative manufacturing approach which uses soft, flexible organic materials as the active layers [2–4]. Organic thin film transistor (OTFT) backplanes using FlexiOMTM materials can be fabricated in standard flat panel display factories which are repurposed for the novel material set. A primary benefit for using OTFT is the inherent durability that comes from removing the brittle ceramic layers. This feature can be further exploited by proactively stretching the devices to conform to more attractive form factor products. This paper will discuss the electrical performance of a state‐of‐the‐art OTFT device and impact of a thermoforming process on switching characteristics.
26.4: Force‐induced Tunable Lens for Dark‐zone Compensation in Stretchable Display
Authors: Wu Ziyi , Chen Junwei , Zhang Gaofan , Ma Xiaowei , Qin Zong , Yang Bo-Ru
Published: October 2022

Lens array is an important component for optimizing display performances. In this paper, we further explore the lens array structure for future stretchable displays. This work proposed the force‐induced tunable lens with an adjustable diopter triggered by applied strain. Furthermore, we introduced an optical compensation method to solve the dark zone problem with this tunable lens. The optical simulation result shows the feasibility of this method used in a display array.
27.3: A Novel Hybrid Driving Method for Mini/Micro LED Display
Authors: Wang Limin , Liu Anyu , Zhang Yinfeng , Zhang Mengmeng , Liu Linfeng , Zhang Xin , Hwang Jason , Yao Jiangbo , Wang Zhenling
Published: October 2022

In this paper, we present a novel hybrid driving method to improve pitting issue caused by inhomogeneous efficiency of LED device in low luminous situation. By applying PWM (Pulse‐Width‐Modulation) in low gray scale region and PAM (Pulse‐Amplitude‐Modulation) in middle and high gray scale region, we achieved verifying the novel PHM (Pulse‐Hybrid‐Modulation) method in mini LED display platform.
29.3: Perovskite‐Oxide Heteronanocrystals for Light Emitting Application
Authors: Geng Chong , Zhang Lulu , Shi Shuangshang , Lv Hao , Xu Shu
Published: October 2022

Colloidal lead halide Perovskite nanocrystals (PNCs) have excellent optical properties that endow the PNCs with great application advantages in the display field. However, the ionic surface structure makes PNCs easy to degrade in light, heat, and air, which restricts their application. Here we report ligand‐induced growth of crystalline ZnO on CsPbX3 (X = Br, I) PNCs for LED application based on the design of PNCs with carboxylate ligand capping. ZnO was grown on the surface of PNCs through in situ organometallic reactions, and a series of Type‐II PNC/ZnO heteronanocrystals (PZNCs) were prepared. Crystalline ZnO effectively passivates the surface of colloidal PNCs and significantly improves their stability under various environmental conditions. White light‐emitting diodes were fabricated with green‐ and red‐emission PZNCs that achieved no obvious decay for long‐time operation in air.
30.1: Invited Paper: Device Physics and Compact Modeling of Metal Oxide Thin‐Film Transistors
Authors: Deng Wanling , Ye Weijie , Huang Junkai
Published: October 2022

In this paper, we have proposed a direct current model and noise model, which are physically based on the metal oxide thin‐film transistors (TFTs) operation mechanisms. Based on the calculated surface potential and the Pao‐Sah double integral formula, the direct current characteristics of metal oxide TFTs are predicted. According to low‐frequency noise (LFN) models, the mechanism affecting the noise properties of metal oxide TFTs is analyzed, and the density of trap states near the device interface is extracted by the LFN method. Through comparisons between model results and numerical iteration or experimental data, the validity of the proposed models is strongly supported. Due to the simplicity of algorithm and clear physical conception, it is easy to implement these models into circuit simulators.
32.3: Invited Paper: Advanced Merck OLED materials: latest innovation
Authors: Wang Xin-Yang , Engelhart Jens , Stolz Sebastian , Ganss Stephanie , Kim You-Hyun , Grossmann Tobias , Kaiser Joachim , Anémian Rémi
Published: October 2022

Organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) have opened whole new dimensions in the display and lighting industries. They are extremely thin and lightweight, and, especially in OLED displays, provide perfect images from every viewing angle – with extraordinary color brilliance and very high contrast.
34.2: Invited Paper: High Image Quality ADS PRO TV Comparable to OLED
Authors: Chen Dongchuan , Huang Jianhua , Qu Yingying , Guo Lei , Guo Yuanhui , Tian Xiaohan , Lin Lifeng , Liao Yanping , Lee Seungmin , Wang Zhangtao , Shao Xibin
Published: October 2022

ADS display mode has many advantages, especially wide viewing angle, and has been widely used in various LCD products. In this paper, based on the upgraded ADS PRO technology, we adopt high CR negative liquid crystal, low reflection surface materials and process, oblique angle light leakage compensation film, spectrum matching optimize of BLU and RGB resin, and combined with mini LED backlight. Based on these methods, we achieve the native CR >3000:1, extreme black state with reflectivity < 1.5%, high ambient color contrast, no color shift angle of > ±60 °, and DCI P3 99% high color gamut. Its ultimate picture quality can be equivalent to OLED.
34.5: Study on different matching of sealant, liquid crystal and lamp for LCD
Authors: Wang Xintong , Zha Wenying , Bai Bai , Song Yanjun , Li Ji , Hsieh Chung-Ching , Xiao Juncheng
Published: October 2022

Mura often occurs in the liquid crystal display (LCD) production process[1–3]. One of the Gap Mura factors is pollution of sealant to liquid crystal. In order to further explore the pollution mechanism and clarify the improvement direction, the matching of different sealant (Sl) materials and liquid crystals (LC) in combination with lamps (lp) is summarized. In‐depth analysis of high‐risk combinations is carried out using pre‐tilt angle of liquid crystal, absorption spectrum of the sealant and voltage holding ratio data, so as to dig out the common laws. In particular, the mechanism of different performance caused by the combination of various sealant, liquid crystals and lamps is discussed.
35.3: Study on Technology to Enhance the Strength of Display Module for Vehicle
Authors: Huang Liang , Zhou Jiubin , Liu JINe , Zhou Sen , Qin Feng
Published: October 2022

This paper studies a scheme to enhance the strength of display module, which can solve the problem of fragile cover plate of vehicle display and other display module products. The principle of strength reduction of glass after processing is analyzed from the perspectives of internal stress, microcrack and molecular bond. The technical scheme of using CeO2 aqueous adhesive solution to remove the longitudinal microcracks of glass reduce the deep expansion of crack source in the stress layer, so as to increase the strength is described. Based on the experimental results, the overall strength of the product can be increased by 23–34%.
36.2: A New Driving Method for Improving the Image Quality of Viewing Angle Controllable Display
Authors: Wei Ya , Jiang Limei , Liu Xianhe , Jiang Jun , Zheng Huilong , Liao Peter , Chung Smart
Published: October 2022

This paper proposed an intelligent viewing angle control (VAC) display with terminal electrodes and positive dielectric constant liquid crystal, which performs a pretty sharing mode and peeping protecting performance. By improving the driving method, we solved grainy sensed image issue and obtained distinguished picture quality in privacy mode.
36.4: A Comprehensive Quality Assessment of Video Super‐Resolution for Ultra High‐Resolution Application
Authors: Deng Danni , Tang Yongming
Published: October 2022

As the performance of video super‐resolution (SR) algorithms continues to improve, traditional video quality assessment such as peak signal‐to‐noise ratio (PSNR) and structural similarity (SSIM), which are widely used for natural images, are gradually failing to meet the evaluation requirements as they do not effectively take all the characteristics of super‐resolved images into account. In addition, the newly emerged SR algorithms based on generative adversarial networks (GAN) bring a whole new challenge to quality assessment while improving SR performance. Therefore, this paper will introduce the shortcomings of existing video quality assessment methods and propose a comprehensive SR video quality assessment method including visual saliency, structural fidelity, texture information and temporal metrics.
45.2: The Architecture of Hyper‐fluorescent Emitter via Proper Management of Molecular Aggregation
Authors: Ravindran Ezhakudiyan , Park Eun Young , Park Ji Hyun , Kim Yun-Hi , Suh Min Chul
Published: October 2022

We designed and synthesized a tricoordinate borane oxygen atom and carbazole embedded (Ph‐OBNA) moiety. Ph‐OBNA exhibited a narrowband MR‐TADF and their aggregated properties were comparatively studied with a well‐known TADF (DMAC‐DPS) emitter. Interestingly, DMAC‐DPS exhibited a reduced exciton concentration quenching owing to its AIE behavior, unlike Ph‐OBNA. Finally, we applied those materials to harvest the highly efficient organic light‐emitting diode via hyper fluorescence device strategy, resulting in an efficient narrow‐band deep blue emission compared with that of conventional fluorescence emitters.
47.1: A 15.6 FHD LTPS Product Display With Wide Refresh Rate from 5Hz to 480Hz
Authors: Tao Jian , Li Yafeng , Wang Yong , Wang Kun , Jiang Xuegong , Zhang Lin , Yang Junlei , Shi Yanchang , Peng Zhong , Guan Yanqing , He Jian
Published: October 2022

Ultra low refresh rate is a great challenge for LTPS products due to the unhomogeneity of the polycrystalline silicon film. Through process refinement and design optimization, we have achieved a 15.6FHD LTPS product with 5Hz, and its flicker meet both Intel and VESA standards, in addition this product can also reach 480Hz We also have measured the power consumption and luminance in different refresh rates which will be showed detail later. And we have also confirmed the image quality and executed reliability tests, all of which indicate that our wide refresh rate technology is ready for mass production.
47.3: Ultra Wide Color Gamut and High Luminous Efficiency LCD by Environment‐friendly Organic Material without Cadmium
Authors: Yang Weifan , Zhang Qian , Liu Lei , Shao Xibin
Published: October 2022

In this paper, the FWHM and quantum efficiency of organic light‐emitting materials are analyzed, and the feasibility analysis of organic light‐emitting materials adopted in LCD module for the widest color gamut are researched and developed. By matching the color filter design, Adobe RGB coverage 99.5% and DCI‐P3 coverage 99.5% is achieved. And by adjusting the red material emitting wavelength, bt2020 coverage 91% is achieved. In terms of environmental protection and non‐toxic, organic light‐emitting materials without heavy metal components are significantly more environmental friendly than CdSe QD. In terms of energy efficiency, the LCM with organic light‐emitting film has better performance than that with InP QD film.
48.1: Inline Low Temperature Polycrystalline Silicon Roughness and Grain Size Metrology Enabled by Electron Beam Review for a Better Process Control of Excimer Laser Annealing
Authors: Meng Lin , Li Lingjia , Knaub Nikolai , Li Xiao , Li Ji , Trauner Robert , Schueler Bernhard , Huang Shiwen , Mueller Bernhard , Daiker Volker
Published: October 2022

In this paper, we present a brand new inline metrology solution for LTPS roughness enabled by EBR system. It was the first time that LTPS roughness inline measurement was made possible in display manufacturing industry. Moreover, a broader perspective for process monitoring was added to the existing grain size measurement function. The metrology showed the advantages of faster cycle time, non‐destructive, and extremely higher sampling rate. Several experiments were performed to show good sensitivity between roughness, grain size and ELA energy density, a‐Si thickness. The correlations between LTPS roughness, grain size and Vth shift were also demonstrated, which is very valuable for the research of PMOS hysteresis effect.
48.2: Formation of potential barriers at grain boundaries in multicomponent ZnO‐based transparent thin films
Authors: Abduev Aslan , Asvarov Abil , Akhmedov Akhmed , Belyaev Victor
Published: October 2022

The article discusses the reasons for the deterioration of the electrical characteristics of ZnO‐based thin films in conditions of both high humidity and high ambient temperatures. Based on the standard damp heat test, in which thin samples subjected to temperature 85�C and relative humidity 85 % for 1000 h, it is shown that the stability of electrical performances of the transparent ZnO‐based films may be increased with an increase in the temperature of their deposition, which, in turn, leads to the formation of denser compact films. It is shown that the porous structure formed in ZnO‐based films, which leads to poor thermal stability, is due to the relatively low mobility of adatoms on the growing surface during film deposition at relatively low substrate temperatures. The analysis of the obtained data shows that the key factor determining both the composition and state of grain boundaries (GBs) in nanocrystalline ZnO‐based films, as well as the formation of potential barriers at the GBs is the possible segregation of impurity materials at the GBs, which depends on the arrangement of impurity atoms with respect to Zn in the series of metal activity. The conditions for the amorphization of complex composite oxide structures are considered.
53.4: Quantum Dot Micro‐LED Display Research
Authors: Chen Jing , Liu Hua-Qing , Zhu Wei , Pan Fei , Liu Cheng-Ming , Yen Chia-Huang
Published: October 2022

In this paper, the principle of quantum dot micro‐LED display is d emonstrated. It use blue light in all pixels and stimulate quantum dots material to convert green and red color respectively (Quantu m Dot Color Conversion Technology) to achieve full color display. This technology only need blue light‐emitting diode integrating on Active‐Matrix array substrate, which can simplify the mass‐transf er process to obtain higher yield and higher transfer efficiency. M eanwhile, it solves some problems that existing in Native RGB disp lay such as low efficiency of red light LED, RGB color deviation m ismatch at high temperature, backplane drive current difference a nd so on. Furthermore, we optimized the visual quality and reliabil ity of quantum dot Micro‐LED display in this study.
53.5: Low IR Drop 480×540RGB Mini‐LED Display Based on High Mobility Ln‐IZO TFT
Authors: Zhou Lei , Xu Miao
Published: October 2022

In this paper, we presented a glass Mini‐LED display based on high mobility Ln‐IZO thin film transistor (TFT) panel. The single Mini‐LED display panel has a 240×180RGB pixel array with a pixel pitch of 0.6mm. A new power line structure is adopted to minimize the IR drop of power line to achieve a uniform display. In this Mini‐LED display panel, a high mobility Ln‐IZO TFT is used, which helps to reduce the power of Mini‐LED panel. Both gate IC, source IC and fanout lines are placed at the top of the display, and a three‐sided borderless Mini‐LED display can be realized after border laser cutting. Then 480×540RGB spliced display is achieved by 2×3 three‐sided borderless single panel. At last, a new PWM driving method is introduced, which can simplify drive scheme and achieve a better display image.
54.3: Invited Paper: Surface Control of LC Alignment for Creation of Liquid Crystal Lenses Arrays
Authors: Muravsky Alexander , Bezruchenko Veronika , Murauski Anatoli , Mahilny Uladzimir
Published: October 2022

New photosensitive alignment materials, capable to obtain pretilt angle from 90 to 0 degree in single technological process of UV exposure, are developed. The novel technological method for fabrication LC lens and LC lenses arrays has been developed based on new pretilt angle gradient alignment materials. Laboratory samples of voltage tunable LC lens and LC lenses arrays are obtained and characterized. The developed low cost fabrication technology of tunable micro‐lenses arrays based on photosensitive alignment materials has low complexity and is perspective for light field technology applications.
56.1: Invited Paper: The challenge of mini LED backlit application in automotive display
Authors: Li Ronghua , Zhou Kexiong , Liu Chunfeng , Yang Xiao , Ren Fengbin , Li Lingyan , Zong Junjie , Li Xiongping
Published: October 2022

The display with mini LED backlight has been known for the superior property of high contrast ratio and low power consumption. And it is also known for the field of display that high brightness and high reliability is requested for the automotive display. In order to achieve mini LED backlight application in automotive display, achieve the high reliability demand under high brightness situation is needed. Herein the application in automotive mini LED backlight materials, such as white ink, color conversion film & 3D reflector etc. were tested and discussed. For the challenge of power and thermal issue, Comparison with the difference between conventional backlight and mini LED backlight were also mentioned. Area scan is a special visual performance SPEC for automotive display and herein the difficulty and improvement concept were also studied.
P‐1.10: The Effects of Annealing Atmosphere on Dual Gate Dielectric ITO TFTs
Authors: Zhang Guangchen , Yu Zhinong , Dong Junchen , Li Qi , Wang Yi , Han Dedong
Published: October 2022

The effects of annealing atmosphere (Vacuum, Air, N2, and O2) on performance of dual high‐k gate dielectrics ITO TFTs are studied. The ITO TFTs annealed in N2 show excellent electrical properties, including a saturation mobility of 18.0 cm2V–1s–1, a subthreshold swing of 215.4 mV/decade, and an on‐to‐off state current ratio of 1.79 × 109. This work drives the application of ITO TFTs in the field of electronics devices.
P‐1.12: Vacuum Annealing Treatment on High‐Performance AlZnO Thin Film Transistors
Authors: Xu Dengqin , Dong Junchen , Wang Jingyi , Li Qi , Wang Yi , Han Dedong
Published: October 2022

We explore the effects of vacuum annealing temperature (100, 200, and 300 °C) on device performance of AlZnO thin film transistors (AZO TFTs). The AZO TFTs show excellent electrical properties at annealing temperature of 100 °C, including a saturation mobility of 12.2 cm2V−1s−1, a sub‐threshold swing of 186 mV/decade, and an on/off ratio state current ratio over 108. Our findings promote practical application of the AZO TFTs to advanced displays.
P‐2.5: Overview and Prospect of the Application of Immersive VR in Simulating Emergency Response
Authors: Wang Hao , Song Jianwen , Wang Lijun
Published: October 2022

This article briefly describes the concepts of immersive virtual reality (immersive VR) and non‐immersive virtual reality (non‐immersive VR), and outlines the characteristics of immersive VR and its application status in emergency rescue training. The advantages and characteristics of VR and its application in the field of simulating and responding to emergencies of violent terrorist attacks, in the rescue work and medical security work of rescue personnel at the scene of violent terrorist attacks, discussed how immersive VR can simulate and respond to emergencies The advantages and disadvantages and their application prospects are of great significance to the study of simulation training for emergency rescue in the VR environment.
P‐3.2: Research on the Structure and Optical Performance of Reflective Liquid Crystal Display
Authors: Ma Kun , Ma Rong , He Rui , Cheng Wei , Wang Chao , Liu Guanghui
Published: October 2022

In this article, we designed two different Reflective liquid‐crystal displays (RLCD) structures using PDLC with high haze and high transparency, and discussed the influence of dye of liquid crystal and reflective particles in different structures on the display effect. Dye liquid crystals have a bright future in reflective display, but the influence of dye concentration on color gamut still needs further verification. When the TiO2 reflective particles are added to the color film (CF) to increase the reflectivity, because the reflection occurs on the surface of the film, adding higher concentration of TiO2 in a thin film shows the best display effect.
P‐3.8: Research on Improving Blueness Around QD + Edge‐in Blue LED Architecture Modules
Authors: Jia Yuan , Ren Jingrui , Feng Tianyi , Wang Hetao , Bu Zhanchang , Cai Site
Published: October 2022

In this paper, a high efficient computing method which could solve Blueness around QD + edge‐in blue LED architecture modules was proposed. The yellow phosphor was excited by blue light to compensate for the color temperature difference caused by the low efficiency of the edge QD excitation. The visually intuitive result was that the blue shadow of the surrounding area was improved, and the naked eye distinguishes the center and the surrounding color temperature basically the same. And two factors of yellow ink which have impact on blueness around the MDL were experimentally studied in this paper, then found out and summarized the most optimum conditions.
P‐3.11: An Improved Compression Method of HDR Image Dynamic Range
Authors: Qinyi Yang , Limin Yan
Published: October 2022

People have higher and higher requirements for image quality at present. High dynamic range (HDR) images are widely used in film, television, medical and other fields, and have become an important research direction in the field of image processing. Aiming at the problem of information loss in the dark and bright areas of the image caused by the existing dynamic range compression method, this paper improves the traditional logarithmic domain dynamic range compression method, and realizes the overall image adjustment according to the adaptability of the human eye to the brightness. While the dynamic range is compressed, more information about the darker and brighter areas is preserved.
P‐3.16: A Novel Lens with Hybrid Structure for Ultra‐thin Backlight Units
Authors: Sun Qi yu , Li Kejing , Wang Zi , Lv Guoqiang , Feng Qibin
Published: October 2022

The significance of an ultra‐thin unit (BLU) for a current liquid crystal display (LCD) is increasing. Freeform lenses are commonly used in a direct‐lit BLUs to reduce the thickness and increase distance�height ratio (DHR). However, it is difficult for the existing refractive lenses to achieve larger DHR under smaller optical distance (OD). To solve this issue, a new hybrid lens containing multiple refraction surfaces and total reflection surfaces is designed in this paper for ultra‐thin backlight. Combined with a micron‐scale surface microstructure, it can achieve satisfactory uniformity with small OD and large pitch distanced. The simulation results shows that the emergent light spot is uniform under the illumination of extend light source when OD=3mm. The spot diameter can reach 20mm with DHR = 6.67. It proves that the designed lens with hybrid structures for ultra‐thin backlight units in this paper has the advantages of small size, large DHR, high uniformity and great practical application value.
P‐3.22: One‐way Observable Aero Signage Display Using Optical Prisms Doped with Dye and Pigments Which Enable to Make Transparent from Back Side
Authors: Sakamoto Kunio , Iwai Akihiro , Takashima Sousuke
Published: October 2022

Suppose that you look Arabic numerals on transparent glass windows or in the air. Which does it mean ‘85’ or ‘28’? You end up watching the mirrored images when you view from back side. So let us make the mirrored image invisible. This paper shows a one‐way observable display for aero signage whose images are floating in the air. To solve mirrored image problems of an aero signage, our research group has utilized dye‐doped prisms and total internal reflection in optics. You know that water is generally colorless and transparent but the water in a bath tub is little blue. The color changes depending on the depth of water. The deeper, the darker water becomes blue. This is the reason why some color is generated in the dye‐doped material. In 2021, we presented a one‐way observable display using letterings made by intaglio printings for arranging dye‐doped tiny prisms on a glass window. You can watch these colored letterforms from front and transparent pixels from back. But this 2021 model has a little defect that colors are less vivid because of color generating mechanism using transparent materials for one‐way observing. In this paper, the authors show special designed optical prisms which are doped with dye and pigments to avoid the semitransparent problem that means colors are not vivid.
P‐3.23: Multiple Regional‐Iteration Algorithm for Holographic Projection with Suppressed Speckle Noise
Authors: Guo Min , Cai Jiahao , Feng Qibin , Wang Zi , Lv Guoqiang
Published: October 2022

The spatial resolution of the holographic projection image is limited by the size of the spatial light modulator (SLM). Speckles noise always appear in the reconstructed image, which degrades the image quality. In this paper, a multiple regional iteration algorithm is proposed based on the GS algorithm to generate the hologram for holographic projection. More non‐sampling points can be controlled effectively. The spatial resolution of the reconstruction image can reach 8 times of the traditional one, and the speckle noise is suppressed at the same time. Compared with the traditional GS algorithm, the simulation results show that the root mean square error of the proposed algorithm reduces from 0.695 to 0.184, and the structural similarity index measure increases from 0.214 to 0.893.
P‐3.25: Synergistic effects between Optical Proximity Correction (OPC) and lithography process simulation in display backplane
Authors: Chen Shantao , Zhao Meng , Meng Qiuhua , Liu Ming , Li Lianjian , Liu Zheng , Kao Brian , Wang Dawei
Published: October 2022

In this paper, lithographic simulation tools, including Optical Proximity Correction (OPC), have been applied in designing backplane layout of displays. That will lead to better resolution of lower feature size of the lithography process in display manufacturing with wider process window.
P‐4.6: High‐efficiency and high‐power 660 nm laser diode
Authors: Xie Yehua , Hu Martin , Ho James , Wang Weimin , Kuang Langxing , Liu Wenbin , Cheng Zhumin
Published: October 2022

A highly reliable and high‐power laser diode with 110 um stripe width is designed and fabricated. At 25 °C, the lasing wavelength is 660.2 nm at 1.5 A and low threshold current of 506.4 mA can be obtained. At the output power of 2.5 W, the wall‐plug efficiency (WPE) can achieve 48.7%. In addition, it can produce as high as 5.1 W at 25 °C and the maximum power can still reach over 4.2 W at 40 °C under CW. Attributed to the non‐absorbing mirror, the catastrophic optical degradation (COD) power of this device can reach 6.5 W at 20°C. Till now, the laser diodes have stably operated for 510 hours at the operation current of 2.0 A and heatsink temperature of 40 °C.