bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of Regional Hourly Extreme Precipitation With Different Durations Over the Northeast Plain, China During Summer
Authors: Yu Yaxin , Xu Xiaoke , Yan Qi , Lu Jinglong , Yu Yue
Published: February 2025

Regional extreme precipitation events (REPEs) are the focus of current research with a large coverage long‐term duration. The characteristics of REPE in the summer remain unclear over the Northeast Plain of China (NPC), one of the only four major black soil distribution areas in the world. This study investigates the spatial, diurnal, sub‐seasonal and long‐term trend characteristics of REPE over NPC in the summer of 2000–2020 based on the Multi‐satellite Retrievals precipitation data GPM‐IMERG. The results show that the amount and intensity of total REPE increase from north to south of NPC in the summer of 2000–2020 and the frequency of total REPE mainly concentrates in the middle of NPC. The primary peak of the total REPE amount is at 18:00 (BJT) with a large centre cross the middle of NPC. The secondary peak is between 2:00 (BJT) and 5:00 (BJT) with the large centre located in the southern NPC. The REPE mainly happens in the summer months of July‐August during 2000–2020 over NPC, and the large centre of amount and intensity locates in the southern NPC. The intensity of total REPE exhibits a significantly increase during the summer of 2000–2020. The amount, frequency, and intensity of REPE with a duration of more than 19 hr show the significant enhancement. The findings of this study provide the basic features of REPE over NPC in summer on an hourly scale.
Geospatial Analysis of Food Insecurity and Adverse Human Health Outcomes in the United States
Authors: Joseph Naveen
Published: February 2025

Previous studies have reported that around 33 million people in the United States are food insecure, potentially leading to several health outcomes. This study aimed to evaluate the geospatial variation of food insecurity and its association with adverse human health outcomes at the state resolution in the United States. The adverse human health outcomes include diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Data sets on diabetes and cardiovascular diseases were compiled from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Wonder database on chronic conditions. The food insecurity data was accessed from the USDA, which compiles the responses to household surveys from the Census Bureau. Mixed‐effects regression models were used in this study to analyze the relationships between food insecurity and diabetes, and food insecurity and cardiovascular diseases. The incidence rate ratio was also estimated with 95% confidence intervals for both diabetes and cardiovascular diseases, comparing high food insecurity profiles to low food insecurity profiles. Food insecurity, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases showed significantly higher rates in the southern part of the United States relative to other regions. Food insecurity showed significant associations with diabetes and cardiovascular diseases at a p‐value < 0.001. The 95% confidence interval of the incidence rate ratio was estimated as [1.198 1.234] for diabetes incidence and [1.033 1.091] for cardiovascular diseases, indicating a significant increase in both health outcomes while moving from a low food insecurity to a high food insecurity profile.
Development of Permeability Heterogeneity During Compaction of Porous Sandstone
Authors: Brantut Nicolas , Baud Patrick
Published: February 2025

We aimed to establish how permeability heterogeneities develop in relation to compaction deformation in sandstone. Three sandstones were tested in the compactant regime: Locharbriggs sandstone, which is initially heterogeneous with beds of lower initial permeability; a low porosity (22%) Bleurswiller sandstone, which is initially homogeneous and produces localized compaction bands; a high porosity (24%) Bleurswiller sandstone, also homogeneous but producing compaction in a more diffused pattern. We monitored acoustic emission locations and elastic wave speed variations throughout deformation. In addition, at regular stages during each test, a constant pore pressure difference was imposed at the boundaries of the samples, and steady‐state flow was established. Internal pore pressure measurements at four locations allowed us to derive local permeability estimates. In all samples, progressive compaction produced overall reductions in permeability. In addition, localized compaction also produced internal reorganization of the permeability structure. Strong permeability reductions in the direction perpendicular to flow, by up to two orders of magnitude, are only observed when fully connected compaction bands grow across samples. Compaction and permeability reduction preferentially impacted the more porous and permeable regions of the samples, which lead to an overall homogenization of the transport properties of the samples during deformation. Compaction results from grain crushing, and is directly linked to progressive reductions in elastic wave speed. However, the impact of compaction on permeability depends strongly on the spatial connectivity of the compacted regions.
Crop Residue Burning in North‐Western India: Emission Estimation and Uncertainty Quantification
Authors: Ambulkar Rupal , Govardhan Gaurav , Gavhale Srujan , Kalita Gayatry , Pande Chaitanya , Jat Rajmal , Kulkarni Santosh , Khare Manoj , Attri S. D. , Ghude Sachin D.
Published: February 2025

Air quality in India faces significant risk from agricultural residue burning, especially in Punjab and Haryana, which are pivotal to the world's second‐largest agrarian economy. This study quantifies emissions from post‐monsoon biomass burning (10 October–30 November 2022) in these states using VIIRS fire detection data and Sentinel‐2‐derived burnt areas. Ground validation via district‐level surveys aligns with the findings of our study. Results show 51% of the total crop area was burned (14,700 km2 in Punjab; 8,300 km2 in Haryana), leading to substantial emissions of PM2.5 (54.28 Gg; 7.94 Gg), CH4 (25.63 Gg; 3.75 Gg), CO2 (1,100.3 Gg; 195.7 Gg), NH3 (0.83 Gg; 0.15 Gg), SO2 (0.68 Gg; 0.12 Gg), and CO (62.1 Gg; 11.04 Gg). Emissions in Punjab are about 6.5 times higher than in Haryana attributable to greater burnt area (∼14,700 km2), higher crop yield, and elevated residue‐to‐crop ratios. Compared to VIIRS, Sentinel‐2 data provides approximately 3.6 times higher emission estimates, reflecting improved burnt area detection. District‐level emission variations underscore the influence of diverse farming practices, weather, and residue management. An uncertainty analysis, derived from multiple emissions estimates and methodologies, highlights regional disparities: SO2 exhibits the highest uncertainty in both states with PM2.5 and CO, respectively, showing the least. Understanding these emissions and uncertainties is vital for forecasting air pollution in downwind cities such as New Delhi and for formulating targeted mitigation strategies.
Combining Local Head Differences and Topography‐Driven Groundwater Flow Reveals Gaining and Losing Patterns in Stream Networks
Authors: Huang Xiaohua , Ebeling Pia , Liu Guodong , Fleckenstein Jan H. , Schmidt Christian
Published: February 2025

The exchange between surface water (SW) and groundwater (GW) influences water availability and ecosystems in stream networks. Assessing GW‐SW interactions can be based on various methods at different scales, such as point scale (e.g., local head differences, temperature profiles), reach scale (e.g., environmental tracers, water mass balance), and catchment scale (topographical‐driven groundwater flow), which all have distinct advantages and limitations. In this study, we combined the analysis of local hydraulic head differences with regional topographical‐driven groundwater flow to robustly reveal gaining and losing stream patterns in two study regions in Central Germany (Bode catchment and Free State of Thuringia). To evaluate local hydraulic gradients, we developed a method for estimating surface water levels across stream networks by modifying surface elevations from a coarse digital elevation model (25 m) and compared these to measured groundwater levels. Our results reveal prevalent occurrences of losing streams. Numerous stream locations are characterized by mismatching classifications from the two methods providing additional insights for understanding water cycles. The most notable discrepancy is the classification as losing based on head differences and gaining from topographic analyses accounting for 37% and 47% of the stream locations in Thuringia and in Bode catchment. This mismatch indicates anthropogenically lowered groundwater levels, typically occurring in urban and mining areas in the study areas. Our approach, combining local hydraulic head analysis and topographical‐driven groundwater flow enhances the understanding of gaining and losing stream patterns at catchment scale, revealing widespread occurrences of losing streams and highlighting the significance of anthropogenic influences on water cycles.
Unregulated Industrial Contaminants Detected in Some U.S. Drinking Water
Authors: Chakravorty Adityarup
Published: February 2025

Communities of color are more likely to have higher levels of these contaminants in their drinking water.
The 14-year cumulative genetic high blood pressure and risk of type 2 diabetes in Korean: observational and Mendelian randomization evidence
Authors: Jeon Jooeun , Jung Keum Ji , Kimm Heejin , Lee Ji-young , Nam Chung-Mo , Jee Sun Ha
Published: February 2025

This study aims to evaluate the causal association of blood pressure (BP) with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and assess the cumulative effect of genetic predisposition of high BP or glycemic for future clinical in Korea. To assess the bidirectional causal association between fasting blood sugar (FBS) and systolic blood pressure (SBP) in the large biobank, five MR methods (a 2-stage least squares (2SLS) regression, inverse-variance weighted (IVW), 2 median-based (simple and weighted) and MR-Egger) were applied using the weighted genetic risk score (wGRS). A bidirectional causality was found in all five methods, and there was no horizontal pleiotropy. Using the 2SLS regression method, genetically determined 10 mm/Hg elevation of SBP caused an increased 0.63 mmol/L FBS (p < 0.0001). Men had a particularly strong bidirectional causal relationship. Distinct predicted trajectories based on genetically determined SBP and FBS levels were identified using group-based trajectory modeling (GBTM). To assess the risk of subsequent hypertension or T2D in each trajectory, the Cox proportional hazard model, and adjusted covariates (including wGRS) were conducted. An uncontrol predicted SBP pattern (fluctuated plot) had a higher risk of subsequence T2D than a control-predicted pattern (HR: 1.25, 95% CI: 1.00–1.58). In the Korean middle-aged, it was significantly demonstrated that there is a bidirectional causality between high BP and T2D, which is different from previous studies in Europe. Specially, cumulative high blood pressure predisposition by the genetic variants may affect to risk of T2D incidence. Prevention of high BP must be followed in lifespan.
Converging mechanism of UM171 and KBTBD4 neomorphic cancer mutations
Authors: Xie Xiaowen , Zhang Olivia , Yeo Megan J. R. , Lee Ceejay , Tao Ran , Harry Stefan A. , Payne N. Connor , Nam Eunju , Paul Leena , Li Yiran , Kwok Hui Si , Jiang Hanjie , Mao Haibin , Hadley Jennifer L. , Lin Hong , Batts Melissa , Gosavi Pallavi M. , D’Angiolella Vincenzo , Cole Philip A. , Mazitschek Ralph , Northcott Paul A. , Zheng Ning , Liau Brian B.
Published: February 2025

Cancer mutations can create neomorphic protein–protein interactions to drive aberrant function1,2. As a substrate receptor of the CULLIN3-RING E3 ubiquitin ligase complex, KBTBD4 is recurrently mutated in medulloblastoma3, the most common embryonal brain tumour in children4. These mutations impart gain-of-function to KBTBD4 to induce aberrant degradation of the transcriptional corepressor CoREST5. However, their mechanism remains unresolved. Here we establish that KBTBD4 mutations promote CoREST degradation through engaging HDAC1/2 as the direct target of the mutant substrate receptor. Using deep mutational scanning, we chart the mutational landscape of the KBTBD4 cancer hotspot, revealing distinct preferences by which insertions and substitutions can promote gain-of-function and the critical residues involved in the hotspot interaction. Cryo-electron microscopy analysis of two distinct KBTBD4 cancer mutants bound to LSD1–HDAC1–CoREST reveals that a KBTBD4 homodimer asymmetrically engages HDAC1 with two KELCH-repeat β-propeller domains. The interface between HDAC1 and one of the KBTBD4 β-propellers is stabilized by the medulloblastoma mutations, which insert a bulky side chain into the HDAC1 active site pocket. Our structural and mutational analyses inform how this hotspot E3–neosubstrate interface can be chemically modulated. First, we unveil a converging shape-complementarity-based mechanism between gain-of-function E3 mutations and a molecular glue degrader, UM171. Second, we demonstrate that HDAC1/2 inhibitors can block the mutant KBTBD4–HDAC1 interface and proliferation of KBTBD4-mutant medulloblastoma cells. Altogether, our work reveals the structural and mechanistic basis of cancer mutation-driven neomorphic protein–protein interactions.
Transcriptional adaptation upregulates utrophin in Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Authors: Falcucci Lara , Dooley Christopher M. , Adamoski Douglas , Juan Thomas , Martinez Justin , Georgieva Angelina M. , Mamchaoui Kamel , Cirzi Cansu , Stainier Didier Y. R.
Published: February 2025

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a muscle-degenerating disease caused by mutations in the DMD gene, which encodes the dystrophin protein1,2. Utrophin (UTRN), the genetic and functional paralogue of DMD, is upregulated in some DMD patients3–5. To further investigate this UTRN upregulation, we first developed an inducible messenger RNA (mRNA) degradation system for DMD by introducing a premature termination codon (PTC) in one of its alternatively spliced exons. Inclusion of the PTC-containing exon triggers DMD mutant mRNA decay and UTRN upregulation. Notably, blocking nonsense-mediated mRNA decay results in the reversal of UTRN upregulation, whereas overexpressing DMD does not. Furthermore, overexpressing DMD

PTC
minigenes in wild-type cells causes UTRN upregulation, as does a wild-type DMD minigene containing a self-cleaving ribozyme. To place these findings in a therapeutic context, we used splice-switching antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) to induce the skipping of out-of-frame exons of DMD, aiming to introduce PTCs. We found that these ASOs cause UTRN upregulation. In addition, when using an ASO to restore the DMD reading frame in myotubes derived from a DMD
patient, an actual DMD treatment, UTRN upregulation was reduced. Altogether, these results indicate that an mRNA decay-based mechanism called transcriptional adaptation6–8 plays a key role in UTRN upregulation in DMD
patients, and they highlight an unexplored therapeutic application of ASOs, as well as ribozymes, in inducing genetic compensation via transcriptional adaptation.
Multimodal dataset for indoor 3D drone tracking
Authors: Rosner Jakub , Krzeszowski Tomasz , Świtoński Adam , Josiński Henryk , Lindenheim-Locher Wojciech , Zieliński Michał , Paleta Grzegorz , Paszkuta Marcin , Wojciechowski Konrad
Published: February 2025

The subject of the paper is a multimodal dataset (DPJAIT) containing drone flights prepared in two variants – simulation-based and with real measurements captured by the gold standard Vicon system. It contains video sequences registered by the synchronized and calibrated multicamera set as well as reference 3D drone positions in successive time instants obtained from simulation procedure or using the motion capture technique. Moreover, there are scenarios with ArUco markers in the scene with known 3D positions and RGB cameras mounted on drones for which internal parameters are given. Three applications of 3D tracking are demonstrated. They are based on the overdetermined set of linear equations describing camera projection, particle swarm optimization, and the determination of the extrinsic matrix of the camera attached to the drone utilizing recognized ArUco markers.
Optimization design of cross border intelligent marketing management model based on multi layer perceptron-grey wolf optimization convolutional neural network
Authors: Lin Zongping , Yang Jing , Lian Yabin , Chen Yanhong , Huang Zhonghui , Ning Kexin
Published: February 2025

The cross-border intelligent marketing algorithm based on traditional linear models is relatively single in information feature extraction, making it difficult to effectively handle complex scenarios containing a large amount of implicit information in users and markets, resulting in poor personalized marketing effectiveness. To address this issue, this article proposes a cross-border intelligent marketing model that integrates rating information and user labels using a multi-layer perceptron grey wolf optimization and convolutional neural network (MLP-GWO-CNN). This model extracts implicit high-order information through nonlinear methods and can handle complex and sparse marketing data. Firstly, a dual path deep network structure was designed, in which one path was modeled using a multi-layer perceptron (MLP) to extract user interest features based on historical interaction ratings; Another path utilizes Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) to extract semantic features from user label information and construct item feature representations. In response to the sensitivity of MLP algorithm to initial values and its tendency to fall into local optima, this paper uses GWO algorithm to optimize MLP. Next, the latent feature vectors generated by MLP and CNN are fused in the output layer to generate the final predictive marketing strategy last. Experiments were conducted using a real cross-border e-commerce dataset, and the results showed that compared with traditional recommendation algorithms, the MLP-GWO-CNN model proposed in this paper performs better in utilizing user tag information, effectively improving the accuracy and personalization of marketing recommendations. The accuracy of the model is over 89%, and the recall rate is over 90%.
Multidecadal hydroclimate responses to volcanic forcing in the Mid-Holocene
Authors: Azharuddin Syed , Omine Kanako , Masaka Kosuke , Asami Ryuji , Lone Mahjoor Ahmad , Chou Yu-Chen , Shen Chuan-Chou , Uemura Ryu
Published: February 2025

The impact of volcanic and solar forcings on multi-decadal climate change during the Holocene remains unclear. Here, we analysed the stable isotopes of fluid inclusions in a stalagmite to investigate hydroclimate responses to the forcings in the Northwest Pacific region. Our stalagmite data, covering the active volcanism period in the mid-Holocene, showed that the start of large volcanic eruption clusters tends to coincide with an onset or an ongoing cooling phase. The impact of one of the largest volcanic eruptions during the Holocene, likely at Kikai caldera, is recorded as an amplified multi-decadal scale variation, including a noticeable cold-wet climate anomaly. Excluding this anomalous period, the solar forcing record negatively correlated with stalagmite-derived precipitation but not with stalagmite-derived temperature. Our data suggest that clusters of volcanic activity during the mid-Holocene likely contribute to climate change at multi-decadal scale via a teleconnection between the Northwest Pacific and the North Atlantic regions.
Leveraging prior knowledge to infer gene regulatory networks from single-cell RNA-sequencing data
Authors: Stock Marco , Losert Corinna , Zambon Matteo , Popp Niclas , Lubatti Gabriele , Hörmanseder Eva , Heinig Matthias , Scialdone Antonio
Published: February 2025

Many studies have used single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to infer gene regulatory networks (GRNs), which are crucial for understanding complex cellular regulation. However, the inherent noise and sparsity of scRNA-seq data present significant challenges to accurate GRN inference. This review explores one promising approach that has been proposed to address these challenges: integrating prior knowledge into the inference process to enhance the reliability of the inferred networks. We categorize common types of prior knowledge, such as experimental data and curated databases, and discuss methods for representing priors, particularly through graph structures. In addition, we classify recent GRN inference algorithms based on their ability to incorporate these priors and assess their performance in different contexts. Finally, we propose a standardized benchmarking framework to evaluate algorithms more fairly, ensuring biologically meaningful comparisons. This review provides guidance for researchers selecting GRN inference methods and offers insights for developers looking to improve current approaches and foster innovation in the field.
Human perception and response to sound from unmanned aircraft systems within ambient acoustic environments
Authors: Lotinga Michael J. B. , Green Marc C. , Torija Antonio J.
Published: February 2025

Potential opportunities for unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) to offer societal benefits are accompanied by noise impact risks. Accordingly, it is important to develop greater understanding of perception and response to UAS sound. A laboratory listening experiment was undertaken to address this aim by investigating psychoacoustics of UAS sound exposure. The experiment incorporated contextual auditory and soundscape factors by embedding spatially-rendered UAS sounds within urban acoustic environments. The UAS covered varying aircraft designs, operating modes and numbers of flights. The experiment was focussed on determining noticeability and noise annoyance. The results indicate that annoyance responses were influenced by UAS type, operational mode, sound characteristics, quantities of flights, and the ambient acoustic environments in which UAS events occurred. Annoyance also appeared to have associations with personal attitude towards advanced air mobility technology, and with classification of residence area. Noticeability appeared to be influenced by UAS type, operating mode, loudness and ambient environment.
Recyclable construction of multi-layer films with an impedance gradient design for high-efficiency electromagnetic absorption performance
Authors: Chen Yu , Quan Bin , Lin Litao , Xie Linyu , Jiao Haoyu , Min Xinyi , Yu Gaoyuan , He Binglin , Lu Xiaochi , Liu Jiajia , Chen Yan , Huang Xiaogu
Published: February 2025

This work presents the first recyclable multi-layer films with an impedance optimization design, created via simulation screening, that consists of films ordered and arranged to enhance the absorption bandwidth from 0 GHz to 2.17 GHz.
Transition of the coordination modes in sodiated uridine radicals revealed by infrared multiphoton dissociation spectroscopy and theoretical calculations
Authors: Yang Kairui , Kou Min , Zhao Zicheng , Li Jinyang , Kong Xianglei
Published: February 2025

The generation of free radicals of metal cationized nucleic acids by UVPD is found to be accompanied by both transfers of radical sites and coordination modes, which is revealed by IRMPD spectroscopy and calculations.
One-dimensional molecular nanostructures interacting with two-dimensional metals
Authors: Kocán Pavel , Pieczyrak Barbara , Umachi Soshiro , Cigánek Martin , Sobotík Pavel , Ošťádal Ivan , Jurczyszyn Leszek , Krajčovič Jozef , Sakamoto Kazuyuki
Published: February 2025

Organic molecules self-organize into long-range ordered 1D structures. Electrons confined within the supporting metal layer as a 2D electron gas further interact with the molecular structures, which allows 1D patterning of the 2D electronic states.
Ultra-confined plasmons reveal moiré patterns in twisted bilayer graphene–talc heterostructure
Authors: Barbosa Tiago C , Chaves André J. , de Oliveira Freitas Raul , Campos Leonardo Cristiano , Barcelos Ingrid David
Published: February 2025

This work investigates the plasmonic properties of twisted bilayer graphene (TBG) and talc heterostructure. Talc, a naturally occurring phyllosilicate, promotes a p-type charging of graphene, supporting high charge mobility and...
Base-free Multicomponent Polymerization of Elemental Sulfur, Difluoromethylene Phosphobetaine and Amines Toward Electron-Deficient Aromatic Polythioureas
Authors: Yu Yongjiang , Chen Wang , Hu Rongrong , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: February 2025

Polythioureas are emerging materials with fascinating properties such as self-healing and adhesion, high light refractive index, high dielectric constant, heavy metal ion adsorption, and so on. With the increasing requirements...
IoT-based triboelectric nanogenerator for wrist pulse acquisition and analysis
Authors: V. Karthikeyan , S. Vivekanandan
Published: February 2025

Wrist pulse plays a critical role in prediction and diagnosis of blood pressure (BP)-related illnesses.
Controlling electrocatalytic nitrate reduction efficiency by utilizing dπ–pπ interactions in parallel stacking molecular systems
Authors: Bhowmick Sourav , Adalder Ashadul , Maiti Abhishek , Kapse Samadhan , Thapa Ranjit , Mondal Supriya , Ghorai Uttam Kumar
Published: February 2025

The orientation of β-CuPc favours the overlap of central Cu with the N of parallel molecules, which is the reason behind high electrical conductivity and selectivity in NH3 production via nitrate reduction, which is impossible in other polymorphs.
Spaced functionalization of poly(ionic liquid)s for boosting the catalytic conversion of CO2 into cyclic carbonates
Authors: Zhao Qianmeng , Liu Shaifei , Liu Wen , Fu Mengqian , Xu Zhenyang , Su Qian , Cheng Weiguo
Published: February 2025

Introducing long alkyl chains segregates the hydrogen donor groups, thereby increasing the catalyst activity, and the underlying mechanism has been studied.
Recycling and direct regeneration of valuable cathode materials from spent Li-ion batteries: a comprehensive review
Authors: Liu Yuping , Liu Tao , Zhao Jie , Shao Yaxin , Li Xu , Li Zhenhu , Zhang Yulin , Liu Shuangyi , Lin Zhihua , Bettels Frederik , Zhang Chaofeng , Ding Fei , Zhang Lin
Published: February 2025

This review analyzes key recycling and regeneration methods for spent cathodes, emphasizing scientific advances and their significance. It discusses challenges, future directions, and scalable solutions for industrial implementation.
Dual proximity ligation mediated chain extension and displacement assisted signal cycles for sensitive and accurate methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) detection
Authors: Xu Huali , Yang Xiangke , Wang Wen , Yuan Xiaomin
Published: February 2025

Infectious diseases have emerged as a significant global concern, posing a substantial burden in terms of high morbidity and mortality and presenting considerable challenges in clinical diagnosis and treatment.
Heavier alkaline earth and heterobimetallic s-block “ate” complexes of a di(amido)siloxane ligand: solid-state structure and dynamic solution-phase behaviour
Authors: Haynes Matthew D. , O'Reilly Andrea , Poole Alice J. M. , Roper Aisling F. , Thum Stefan , Morris Louis J. , Coles Martyn P. , Fulton J. Robin , Harder Sjoerd , Turner Zoë R. , O'Hare Dermot
Published: February 2025

Heavy alkaline earth and heterobimetallic s-block “ate” complexes.
Synthesis of selected plant metabolites of icafolin–methyl via the formation of a spirocyclic nitronate
Authors: Schulz Göran , Maletz Julia , Janisch Pascal , Moczarski Stefan , Ostrovskyi Dmytro
Published: February 2025

A scalable and diastereoselective synthesis of four icafolin–methyl plant metabolites bearing a 4-hydroxy-2-isoxazoline scaffold is described.
Self-assembly of size-controlled perovskite crystallite arrays on modulated substrates for laser applications
Authors: Liu Bin , Guo Junhan , Zhang Hanying , Tang Yang , Qin Liang , Lou Zhidong , Hu Yufeng , Teng Feng , Hou Yanbing
Published: February 2025

A MAPbBr3 crystallite array was obtained using a poly-TPD film. The perovskite crystals exhibit exceptional laser performance with low laser threshold, narrow FWHM and high Q factor. The impact of grain size on the laser threshold is investigated.
Small‐Signal Synchronization Stability Enhancement of GFL‐Based Renewable Energy Generation Using the Koopman Operator
Authors: Zheng Le , Zheng Jiajie , Liu Xin , Li Gengyin , Xu Yanhui
Published: February 2025

Recent reports have highlighted small‐signal synchronous instability issues in grid‐following converter‐based renewable energy generation systems connected to weak power grids. This study introduces a Koopman operator‐based approach for system state prediction and small‐signal synchronization stability enhancement through a data‐driven strategy. Initially, system dynamics are identified and forecasted using measured data via delay embedding and the Koopman operator, effectively transforming the original nonlinear system dynamics into a more manageable linear framework in a higher‐dimensional space. Subsequently, a supplementary control loop is implemented, and control variables are calculated employing model predictive control within the elevated Koopman space. This proposed technique is independent of the ‘white box’ model structure and parameters, thereby offering adaptability to changes in operational conditions. The effectiveness of this method has been confirmed through case studies conducted on a modified IEEE 39‐bus system, demonstrating its viability.
Prospects for using rosehip powder in drinks
Authors: Volkov Vladimir , Frolova Yuliya , Perova Irina , Alekseenko Elena
Published: February 2025

This study aimed to investigate the biochemical composition of rosehip powder and to develop a recipe for a dry drink mix incorporating this ingredient. The research employed modern physicochemical and organoleptic methods of analysis. Ascorbic acid, carotenoids, and flavonoids were identified in the rosehip powder. Physicochemical parameters of the developed drink were analyzed. The primary calculated indicator, osmolarity index, was 420 mOsm/kg. A carbohydrate component consisting of maltodextrin, fructose, and dextrose was experimentally selected, resulting in a single serving of the drink providing 6-8% of the daily physiological requirement for carbohydrates, 15-30% for minerals (15% for Mg and K, 30% for Na and Zn), 11% for vitamin C, and 15-25% for B vitamins.
Meat productivity of cross-bred rams in comparison with pure-bred animals of the original breeds on the maternal line
Authors: Fedorov Vladimir , Gekhaev Rasul , Fedyuk Viktor , Gekhaev Badrudi
Published: February 2025

In this experiment, the meat productivity (morphological and varietal composition of carcasses, yield of anatomical cuts) of experimental rams of new genotypes was assessed: Texel x Soviet Merino and Texel x Ebilbaevskaya. Purebred animals of the Soviet Merino and Edilbaevskaya breeds were studied as control variants. As a result of the experiment, the pre-slaughter weight of crossbred animals was dominant relative to purebred animals, based on which the weight of the fresh carcass of crossbred animals naturally increased by 2.09 kg (P < 0.01) and 2.87 kg (P < 0.01), and the slaughter yield by 2.30% and 2.77% over purebred original breeds. It was found that the meat coefficient of F1 rams was higher due to the increase in the yield of pulp by 20.63% (P<0.01) and 16.63% (P<0.05) relative to purebreds. A stable change in fatty acids in the composition of lamb and subcutaneous fat towards optimizing the ratio of unsaturated to saturated was revealed. Hybridization, as a method of improving the meat productivity of sheep, using rams of meat breeds, has proven its effectiveness in our studies.
Monitoring of environmental studies during storage of drilling waste
Authors: Kustysheva I.N. , Kustysheva A.D.
Published: February 2025

Intensive exploitation of hydrocarbon resources and related processing products creates significant risks for vulnerable natural ecosystems, especially ecosystems of the Far North. This study is devoted to monitoring the environmental and radiation assessment of drilling waste, which is an important step towards their effective disposal. The article considers current problems arising during the disposal of drilling waste, as well as modern approaches to solving these issues. The main attention is paid to conducting a comprehensive assessment of the environmental and radiation state of drilling waste associated with the development of oil and gas fields. The purpose of this study is to formulate recommendations for the application of technological methods for processing drill cuttings for its subsequent use as an experimental building material for road surfaces.
Prospective directions of using flower pollen as a source of food protein
Authors: Prokhoda Irina , Slezko Elena , Gaponova Valentina , Kubyshkin Andrey , Bobkova Galina
Published: February 2025

The work studied the nutritional value of five samples of fresh and dried pollen from various species of plants: Rosales, Brassicaceae, Legumes, Asteraceae, Apiaceae. The results of the studies showed that all the studied pollen samples, collected at different periods of pollen-bearing plants flowering, contain a high amount of protein (19.63-21.09%) and practically correspond to the formula of ideal protein. It is more advisable to use pollen mixtures collected in the spring and summer and processed in a certain way, as an alternative source of food protein.
High Prevalence of Acquired Platelet Secretion Defects in Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Swieringa Frauke , Sang Yaqiu , Remijn Jasper A. , Fijnheer Rob , Korporaal Suzanne J. A. , Urbanus Rolf T. , Huskens Dana , Konings Joke , Li Li , de Laat Bas , Roest Mark
Published: February 2025

Thrombocytopenia at admission predicts mortality in multiple myeloma (MM) and might link to disease progression. Although thrombocytopenia is known to be associated with MM, a possible thrombopathy is clinically less known. We conducted a case–control study comparing platelet responses of MM patients to controls via flow cytometry, integrin αIIbβ3 activation and P-selectin exposure, and a bioluminescent assay, ATP release. No difference was found at baseline, but upon platelet stimulation, MM patients had decreased αIIbβ3 activation, partly impaired P-selectin exposure, and reduced δ-granule (ATP) secretion. Aspirin treatment in patients did not account for these diminished platelet responses. In total, 29% of patients had thrombocytopenia, while 60% had decreased αIIbβ3 activation and 67% had reduced platelet secretion capacity. Importantly, as secretion capacity was corrected for platelet count, granule release per platelet was reduced in patients versus controls. Of 6 patients with thrombocytopenia 4 displayed a thrombopathy, while for 15 patients with normal count, 64% had reduced αIIbβ3 activation and 73% had reduced platelet secretion capacity. Of all patients, 10% had thrombocytopenia combined with reduced αIIbβ3 activation plus low secretion capacity (one patient showed no qualitative or quantitative platelet defect). Our data suggest that beyond the known thrombocytopenia, MM patients also have reduced platelet function, which could reflect impaired platelet vitality. Combined measurement of platelet count and function, especially secretion capacity, gives a more comprehensive view of platelet phenotype than count alone. Large prospective follow-up studies are needed to confirm the importance of the acquired platelet secretion defect on the prognosis of MM patients.
Thymus – der Starter für das Immunsystem
Authors: Corts Magga
Published: February 2025

Der Thymus ist ein primäres lymphatisches Organ, das für die Proliferation und für das Heranreifen der T-Lymphozyten und somit die Ausbildung der spezifischen Abwehrkraft sorgt. Er liegt im oberen Brustraum (vorderes oberes Mediastinum) hinter dem Sternum, oberhalb des Herzbeutels.
Angriff auf sich selbst
Authors: Kämper Harald
Published: February 2025

Jedes Gefühl ist wichtig, auch Wut; sie kann uns jedoch schaden, wenn sie dysreguliert ist oder unterdrückt wird. Unterdrückte Wut kann in der TCM über ein Netzwerk Einfluss auf unsere Gesundheit haben; über dieses Netzwerk kann entsprechend behandelt werden. In der Homöopathie ist die Wut unterschiedlich ausgeprägt in verschiedenen Mittelbildern zu finden, die entsprechend bei der Mittelsuche herangezogen werden können.
Parotisbefund löst Rätsel um „Erkältung“
Authors: Jahn Claus
Published: February 2025

Eine typische „Erkältung“ mit Sinusitis, die später das Bild einer Allergie annahm, entpuppte sich im vorgestellten Fall schließlich als Sjögren-Syndrom – eine Autoimmunerkrankung, die vor allem die Speichel- und Tränendrüsen betrifft. Die betroffene Patientin zeigte neben der typischen Augen- und Mundtrockenheit entzündete Atemwegsschleimhäute, Müdigkeit und Gelenkschmerzen, worauf im Serum spezifische Antikörper sowie leicht erhöhte Entzündungsparameter gefunden wurden. Eine homöopathische und phytotherapeutische Therapie zur Immunmodulation und -suppression, Mund- und Augenbefeuchtung sowie eine antiinflammatorische Ernährung brachten eine deutliche Entlastung.
Qualitätsstandards der Infektiologie in der stationären Versorgung
Authors: Rieg Siegbert , Jung Norma , Tenenbaum Tobias , Kern Winfried V. , Fätkenheuer Gerd
Published: February 2025

Neben der seit längerem bestehenden einjährigen Zusatzweiterbildung für Infektiologie wurde vor kurzem in Deutschland die Facharztweiterbildung für Innere Medizin und Infektiologie eingeführt. Während für die Weiterbildung Curricula existieren, gibt es in Deutschland weder eine Beschreibung der genuin infektiologischen Tätigkeit, noch wurden bisher Standards hierfür definiert. Sowohl für die strukturelle Etablierung der Infektiologie in den Kliniken als auch für die Sicherung der Versorgungsqualität erscheint dies notwendig. Im vorliegenden Artikel werden deshalb Qualitätsanforderungen für infektiologische Kerntätigkeiten aufgeführt. Auch wenn kein eigener Schwerpunkt für Infektiologie in der Kinder- und Jugendmedizin deutschlandweit etabliert ist, sollten diese Prinzipien hier ebenfalls gelten.
Observations on the use of a bone chisel as a weapon using the
example of a Corded Ware double burial from Knittlingen,
Baden-Württemberg
Authors: Francken Michael , Kretschmer Inga
Published: February 2025

Skull injuries, especially those caused by interpersonal violence, are not
uncommon in archaeological contexts. However, depending on the state of
preservation of the skeletal material, it can be difficult to determine the
cause of the injury. In the present case of a Corded Ware double burial from
Knittlingen (Baden-Württemberg, Germany), the analysis of a healed trepanation
and an unhealed blunt force trauma is relatively conclusive. However, due to the
dimensions of the injury, none of the customary weapons appear to be a suitable
candidate. For this reason, the hitherto ignored object group of bone chisels
was taken into focus and examined for its suitability as weapons. As a result,
the polished cutting edge in combination with the average muscular strength of
an adult seems indeed to be sufficient to cause fractures to the skull.
Nevertheless, it would be premature to interpret bone chisels from the Corded
Ware culture as weapons in general, as only the present case is known so far. It
therefore seems much more likely at present that in the case of Knittlingen a
bone chisel was used as an accidental weapon-tool.
Exploring Alternative Flaps in Endoscopic Skull Base Repair: A Comparative Cadaveric Study between Inferior Turbinate and Nasoseptal Flaps
Authors: Lee Kue Tylor , Brieck Kathryn , Hunyh Victoria N. , Bigler Diana , Haroun Kareem , Gelves Camilo Reyes
Published: February 2025

Introduction Over the past several decades expanded endonasal approaches have advanced significantly, paralleling the increasing importance of skull base defect reconstruction. The nasoseptal flap (NSF) is first line for most skull base reconstruction but may fail for complex or recurrent cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks in central skull base. The inferior turbinate flap (ITF) presents an alternative due to proximity and robust vascular supply. This cadaveric study compares the NSF and ITF in central skull base repairs, detailing indications, limitations, and dimensions.

Methods We analyzed five cadaveric head specimens provided by the Medical College of Georgia Department of Anatomy. The NSF and ITF were raised bilaterally on each head, yielding 20 flaps in total. Length and width of each flap were measured, and total coverage area was calculated. SPSS (ver.20.0) was used for statistical analysis. Differences in mean width, length, and coverage area between the NSF and ITF were analyzed using Student's two-independent sample t-test, with p-values <0.05 considered statistically significant.

Results The NSF was significantly longer (64.6 mm) than ITF (42.8 mm), but the ITF was wider (46.6 mm) than NSF (36.5 mm). NSF had a larger mean coverage area (23.6 cm2) than ITF (19.9 cm2) (p = 0.053).

Conclusion While the NSF provides superior coverage, the ITF is a viable option in the reconstruction ladder for central skull base defects when NSF fails, offering advantages in terms of proximity, vascular supply, and lower morbidity over other rescue flaps. Surgical technique in harvesting this flap should be known to any skull base surgeon over other more complex reconstruction flaps.
Computed Tomographic Characteristics of Greyhound Central Tarsal Bone Fractures
Authors: Procter Rachel , Pearson Tim
Published: February 2025

Objective To characterize central tarsal bone fractures and associated tarsal fractures in a cohort of racing and ex-racing greyhounds using computed tomography (CT).

Study Design Retrospective observational study including 66 client-owned greyhounds (67 limbs) presented for central tarsal bone fracture between 2017 and 2024. Collected data included signalment, racing history, and laterality of tarsal injury. Central tarsal bone fractures were characterized using a previously described grading system, and concomitant tarsal injuries were recorded.

Results Of 67 central tarsal bone fractures, 59 showed moderate to severe comminution. Six fractures were dorsal slab fractures, one was a combined dorsal and medial slab fracture, and one was a luxation. Consistent with the findings of prior studies, the majority of central tarsal bone fractures affected the right limb (58/67 limbs). The most common concomitant tarsal injuries were fractures of the fourth tarsal bone (30/67 limbs), fractures of the calcaneus (25/67 limbs), and proximal intertarsal instability or luxation (6/67 limbs).

Conclusion CT reveals a substantially higher number of highly comminuted fractures than have been reported in prior studies that characterized central tarsal bone fractures using orthogonal radiography. Concurrent injury to other tarsal structures is a common finding and is an accurate predictor of severe comminution of the central tarsal bone.
Real-World Data to Document the Use of Herbal Medicinal Products in Children – Report of a Workshop in Krakow
Authors: Symma Nico , Hensel Andreas , Roether Bernd , Steinhoff Barbara , Bauer Rudolf
Published: February 2025

The workshop “Real-world data to document the use of phytopharmaceuticals in children” was organized by the GA Foundation Plants for Health in collaboration with multiple international scientific societies on July 14, 2024, during the International Congress on Natural Products Research in Kraków, Poland. The event focused on leveraging real-world data and real-world evidence to support the use of herbal medicinal products (syn. phytopharmaceuticals) in pediatric care. The workshop aimed to discuss the current state and future approaches for utilizing real-world data/real-world evidence in expanding the use of herbal medicinal products in children and adolescents. Therefore, the workshop highlighted the unmet needs and challenges in documenting the effectiveness and safety of herbal medicinal products in children and emphasized the coordinated exchange and collaboration among academia, industry, and regulatory authorities. After an e-symposium in May 2022 with more than 300
participants and an in-person workshop on this topic in Bonn in June 2023, this workshop in Krakow was the third event of its kind hosted by the Foundation Plants for Health. Participants concluded that interdisciplinary collaboration is highly needed to establish qualified methods of data collection and assessment of real-world data, e.g., establishing requirements to incorporate nonprescription herbal medicinal products into electronic patient records and registries that can be accessed by all stakeholders.
Lipedema: Clinical Features, Diagnosis, and Management
Authors: Mortada Hatan Hisham , Alhithlool Abdulmalek W. , AlBattal Nouf Z. , Shetty Rashika K. , AL-Mekhlafi Ghaleb A. , Hong Joon Pio , Alshomer Feras
Published: February 2025

Lipedema is an adipose tissue disorder that principally affects women and is frequently misidentified as obesity or lymphedema. There have been relatively few studies that have precisely defined the pathogenesis, epidemiology, and treatment approaches for lipedema. However, successfully recognizing lipedema as a distinct condition is important for proper management. This review aimed to examine the existing literature on the epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, differential diagnosis, and treatments for lipedema. The current research indicates that lipedema appears to be a clinical entity related to genetic factors and fat distribution, although distinct from lymphedema and obesity. Some available treatments include complex decongestive physiotherapy, liposuction, and laser-assisted lipolysis. The management of lipedema is complex and differs from that of lymphedema. Further high-quality randomized controlled trials are urgently needed to continue advancing our understanding of this often neglected disease and exploring optimal medical and surgical treatment regimens tailored specifically for lipedema patients. In summary, despite frequent misdiagnosis, enhanced recognition, and research into customized therapeutic strategies for this poorly characterized but likely underdiagnosed disorder represent promising steps forward.