bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of negative self-rated health in university students and its relationship with the co-occurrence of risk behaviors
Authors: Ferreira Mariana , Nunes Sandra Adriana Neves , Papini Camila Bosquiero , Sousa Thiago Ferreira de
Published: May 2022

The present study estimate the prevalence of negative self-rated health and to analyze its association with simultaneous risk behaviors (insufficient levels of physical activity, greater exposure to sedentary time and inappropriate sleep time) in students at a public university in the state from Minas Gerais, Brazil. It consists of cross-sectional study, with data collected through a questionnaire. The outcome variable was negative self-rated health. The independent variables were estimated by the questions related to the time spent on physical activity, sitting and sleep time, and these three behaviors were considered according to the risk criteria (none, one, two and three risk behaviors). The association was estimated by the Prevalence Ratios (PR), via Poisson regression. 1,110 students participated in the study. The prevalence of negative self-rated health among university students was 47.3%, and the prevalence of two risk behaviors and three risk behaviors were 41.3% and 11.3%, respectively. The simultaneous occurrence of three risk behaviors was associated with negative self-rated health in university students. The information in this study makes it possible to characterize the need for actions to promote health in the university environment.
Do fundamental movement skills, physical activity and enjoyment among inactive student during the COVID-19 Era improve after exergame?
Authors: Juliantine Tite , Setiawan Edi , Jumareng Hasanuddin , Gani Ruslan Abdul , Asnaldi Arie
Published: May 2022

The low fundamental movement skills, physical activity and enjoyment students in the COVID-19 era are gaps in this study. This study aims to examine the effects of exergame on fundamental movement skills, physical activity and enjoyment in among inactive students during the COVID-19 era. Quantitative research with experimental methods was used in this study. There were 26 children allocated to the exergame group (n=13; age: 7.20±1.30 years; height: 1.38±2.38 cm; weight: 31.60±4.50 kg and a control group n=13; age: 7.40±1.14 years; height: 1.36±3.08 cm; weight: 28.40±3.43 kg). The intervention program was conducted for nine weeks. Fundamental movement skills children were assessed using the TGMD-3 and physical activity was measured using the ActiGraph GT9X Link accelerometer, while enjoyment was assessed using the physical education curriculum enjoyment scale.  The results showed that the implementation of exergame was proven to improve fundamental movement skills, physical activity and enjoyment significantly. However, there was no increase in fundamental movement skills, physical activity and enjoyment in the control group. This research is evidence that exergame is an effective tool to improve fundamental movement skills, physical activity and enjoyment in among inactive students during the COVID-19 era.
Determination of the Matrix-Fiber Cohesive Material Law of FRCM-Concrete Joints
Authors: Focacci Francesco , D'Antino Tommaso , Carloni Christian
Published: May 2022

Fiber-reinforced cementitious matrix (FRCM) composites have been increasingly used to strengthen existing concrete and masonry structures in the last decade. Two guidelines are available for the design and construction of FRCM strengthened members: ACI 549.4R (2013) and CNR-DT 215 (2018). Both these guidelines employ the effective strain, i.e. the strain at which the composite action is lost, as key parameter for the evaluation of the capacity of FRCM strengthened members. The American guideline ACI 549.4R (2013) employs the results of clevis-grip tensile tests on FRCM coupons to determine the composite effective strain. Such strain is determined by the Italian guideline CNR-DT 215 (2018) combining the results of direct shear tests on FRCM-substrate joints and of tensile test of bare fiber textile. The effective strain is strictly related to the matrix-fiber bond behavior, which can be expressed by the interface shear stress-slip relationship, i.e. the cohesive material law (CML). The effective strain is not sufficient for a full understanding of the structural response of strengthened members, since the knowledge of the CML is needed to predict important parameters such as the crack pattern or the location where debonding occurs in beams strengthened in flexure. This paper provides a simple procedure to obtain the CML from the load response obtained by direct shear tests of FRCM-substrate joints. The procedure is discussed and applied to the case of poliparaphenilene benzobisoxazole (PBO) FRCM-concrete joints previously tested by the authors.
Stainless Steels as Sustainable Solution for Concrete Reinforcement - From Laboratory to Practice
Authors: Elsener Bernhard , Fantauzzi Marzia , Rossi Antonella
Published: May 2022

Stainless steel reinforcing bars show excellent corrosion resistance in concrete exposed to harsh environments. In this combined electrochemical and surface analytical work, an explanation for this behavior is proposed. XPS surface analytical results (thickness, composition of the passive film and of the interface beneath the film) obtained on black steel, FeCr alloys, and a series of stainless steels after exposure to alkaline solutions simulating concrete are reported. Pitting potentials were determined in the same solutions with electrochemical experiments. It is shown that the pitting potentials of the steels can be related to the Cr (III) oxy-hydroxide and Mo (VI) content in the passive film. It is proposed to calculate a Cr and Mo oxide equivalent similar to the well-known pitting resistance equivalent number (PREN). A correlation between the critical chloride content in concrete (reported in literature for CEM II A/LL and CEM I) and the pitting potential for carbon steel, Fe12%Cr alloy, DIN 1.4301 and DIN 1.4571 stainless steels is proposed to link results of solution analysis and performance in concrete.
Triaxial Tests on Hempcrete for Prefabricated Blocks Production
Authors: Caruso Marco , Cefis Nicola , Dotelli Giovanni , Moletti Chiara , Sabbadini Sergio
Published: May 2022

Nature-based solutions are sustainable building materials produced recovering and enhancing agricultural biomasses which are by-products or waste of crops as, for example, rice, flax or hemp. Specifically, this research investigates the properties of hempcrete which is produced mixing lime, which acts as binder, and hemp shives, as vegetal aggregate. Hempcrete is characterized by breathability and excellent insulating properties, moreover it is a sustainable material due to the introduction of vegetal material and due to the carbonation of lime which gives further carbon dioxide sequestration. The mechanical properties of the material are largely variable and, in this research, triaxial tests have been performed to evaluate this experimental methodology as a technique applicable to evaluate the mechanical behavior of this material. The tests have been performed on samples produced with the same mix design developed by an Italian manufacturer for the production of prefabricated hempcrete blocks. These building components are used as non-loadbearing blocks, they are introduced in building envelopes or in indoor partition walls as insulating elements.
Mechanical Properties of Concrete Incorporating Calcined Ebonyi Shale (CES) at Elevated Temperature
Authors: Ibeabuchi Victor Tochukwu , Nwoji Clifford Ugochukwu , Esonye Chizoo
Published: May 2022

The increasing rate of fire disaster especially in the developing countries has renewed the demand for utilization of more economically sustainable materials for built environment. In this paper, the effect of calcined Ebonyi shale (CES) incorporated as partial replacement (15%) of cement on the thermo-mechanical properties of high strength concrete were investigated. The preparation of the CES was carried out by calcining the Ebonyi shale at a temperature of 900 °C. Both raw Ebonyi shale (RES) and calcined Ebonyi shale (CES) were analyzed using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF). After curing time of 28days, several samples were exposed to varying temperatures. A comparison of the results showed that incorporation of CES enhanced high strength properties of concrete at elevated temperature. Consequently, economical and eco-friendly mixes that reduces CO2 emissions of the overall cement production of clinker were achieved.
Advanced Composites with Alkali-Activated Matrices for Strengthening of Concrete Structures: Review Study
Authors: Skyrianou Ioanna , Papakonstantinou Christos G. , Koutas Lampros N.
Published: May 2022

Old and seismically prone buildings are in need of strengthening in order to comply with the latest building codes and to prolong their service life. For over two decades fiber-reinforced polymers (FRP) have been successfully used for this purpose. However, the poor performance in high temperatures of organic matrices has led researchers to investigate the use of inorganic matrices. Consequently, textile-reinforced mortars (TRM) have been opted for strengthening, since they incorporate textiles impregnated in inorganic cementitious matrices. Lately, in order to promote sustainability and lower the high carbon emissions of cement, alkali-activated mortars, also called geopolymers, have been investigated as an alternative. Their high performance and fireproof properties have made them excellent candidates as matrices in advanced composites for strengthening. This study aims to provide an overview of research in the field of advanced composites with alkali-activated matrices used for strengthening of concrete members. Systems implementing either fiber sheets or meshes have been used so far to strengthen reinforced concrete members, indicating promising results of the new advanced composite.
Real-life comparison of three intravitreal antibiotic drug regimens in endophthalmitis
Authors: Bari Aafreen , Chawla Rohan , Mishra Deepanshi , Das Ujjwalkumar , Hasan Nasiq , Satpathy Gita , Velpandian T , Azad Shorya V , Venkatesh Pradeep , Vohra Rajpal , Kumar Atul
Published: May 2022

Purpose:

Real-life comparison of three intravitreal drug regimens used in cases of endophthalmitis at a tertiary care center in India.

Methods:

In this prospective, comparative study, patients of bacterial endophthalmitis were grouped according to intravitreal antibiotic drug regimens into Group 1 (ceftazidime and vancomycin), Group 2 (piperacillin + tazobactam and vancomycin), and Group 3 (imipenem and vancomycin). Forty-eight hours after injection nonresponding/worsening patients underwent vitrectomy. Vitreous samples were subjected to microbiological and pharmacokinetic tests.

Results:

A total of 64 patients were included and divided into Group 1: 29, Group 2: 20, and Group 3: 15 cases. Also, 75% of patients were post-surgical endophthalmitis, whereas 25% were post-traumatic. Improvement in vision (V90-0) and vision at 3 months (V90) were comparable between the three groups. Visual recovery was poorer in post-traumatic cases. In post-surgical cases, visual recovery was poorer in those presenting beyond 72 h of onset of symptoms (P = 0.0002). Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) positivity (66%) was higher than BACTEC™ (33%) and culture (14%). Antibiotic resistance was comparable amongst the three groups. Most patients (62/64) further underwent vitrectomy. Ceftazidime and vancomycin achieved vitreous concentrations more than the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) at 48 h after the first injection.

Conclusion:

The choice of antibiotics did not affect the rate of vitrectomy and final vision in a real-life scenario. Ceftazidime and vancomycin can still be used as first-line intravitreal antibiotics owing to their comparable microbial sensitivity profile and adequate ocular bioavailability.
Production, Characterization, and Molecular Phylogenetic Analysis of Phytase from Aspergillus niger Isolates of an Indonesia Origin
Authors: Mkumbe Baraka Stewart , Sajidan Sajidan , Pangastuti Artini , Susilowati Ari , Greiner Ralf
Published: May 2022

This research aimed at analyzing the phytase from fungal isolates SB1, SB2, BS, and WF produced in cornstarch with glucose medium (CS+Glu) as carbon sources and Potatoes dextrose broth (PDB). The activity of phytase from isolates SB1, SB2, BS, and WF produced in CS+Glu medium was 2.97 UmL-1, 2.87 UmL-1, 3.18 UmL-1, and 4.37 UmL-1, respectively, while the activity of phytases was 2.07 UmL-1, 2.17 UmL-1, 2.22 UmL-1, and 2.78 UmL-1 respectively in PDB medium. The optimal temperature of SB1 and WF phytase was 40°C, while SB2 and BS were 50°C and 60°C, respectively. The optimal pH of SB1 and WF phytase was 5.0, while SB2 and BS phytase were 6.0, and 4.0 respectively. 18S rRNA gene analysis revealed that SB1 was 99% identical to Aspergillus niger ANTS (KY825168.1), SB2, BS, and WF were 99% identical to A. niger Moriga leaf (MG889596.1). Multiple sequences and phylogenetic analysis of phytase gene showed that phyA_SB1 and phyA_SB2 were 98% homology with A. ficuum (AAB26466), 97% with A. niger (ADP05107) while phyA_WF was 99% with A. ochraceoroseus (PLB29348), 98% with A. niger (ADP05105). The deduced proteins contain conserved motifs RHGARYPTD at N-terminal while lacking HD motif at C-terminal. These phytases were in the same cluster with Aspergillus sp. phytase A indicating that they belong to Histidine Acid Phosphatases (HAP) family.
Morphology and Anatomy of Endemic Fish Leptobarbus melanopterus (Cyprinidae) in Danau Sentarum National Park Kapuas Hulu Regency
Authors: Yanti Ari Hepi , Setyawati Tri Rima , Barrata Barrata
Published: May 2022

One of the endemic freshwater fishes in Danau Sentarum National Park (DSNP) is Leptobarbus melanopterus which has high economic value for both commercial and collection purpose. However, the overfishing of L. melanopterus running over decades with harmful catch tools is worried could contribute to the population decline in the future. At the same time, this species has never been cultured and fishermen catch directly in the habitat on a daily basis. This research was aimed to identify the morphological and anatomical characters of L. melanopterus. All samples were collected from three different sites in DSNP and measured its morphological and anatomical sizes manually. The results showed that the length of mandibula barbel was the distinguishing character between females and males, with loading score of 0.81. Most meristic variables showed no difference between two sexes. In terms of anatomical measurements, L. melanopterus females had larger gill sizes than males, including gill raker, gill arch and fill filament. Our findings signify the thorough morphological and anatomical sizes of L. melanopterus which are important in identifying fish stock, growth pattern and sexual dimorphism for future culture management.
Overexpression of Heat Shock Cognate Protein 71 kDa and Pyruvate Dehydrogenase in the Brain Tissue at the Early Stage of High Fat Diet Consumption
Authors: Lee Yan-Fen , Sim Xuan-Yi , Ismail Mohd Nazri , Gam Lay-Harn
Published: May 2022

High-fat diet (HFD) increases the risk of obese, while obesity increases the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and non-communicable diseases. Therefore, it will be interesting to evaluate the changes in metabolic parameters and brain profile upon the early consumption of HFD. In this study, a total of 12 Sprague-Dawley male rats were divided into two groups (n = 6), each group was fed with normal diet and HFD (39% of total calories from fats), respectively, for 6 weeks consecutively. The body weight, blood glucose, cholesterol and triglyceride values were measured.  Furthermore, the brain and visceral adipose tissues were harvested at the end of the experiment. Protein was extracted from the brain tissue, and the protein extracts were separated by using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and analyzed by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometric analysis (LC/MS/MS). In terms of food calorie, the rats fed with HFD consumed more energy than the rats fed with normal diet. Nevertheless, the blood triglyceride and cholesterol, and the visceral adipose tissue of both the HFD and normal diet fed rats were indifferent. At the molecular level, overexpression of stress proteins, namely heat shock cognate protein 71 kDa (Hsc70)  and pyruvate dehydrogenase were detected in brain tissue of HFD group. These results suggest that HFD intake causing significant change in brain proteins profile at the early phase of its consumption when no clear metabolic changes were observed. This showed that the brain was affected by HFD.
Genetic Background of β-Lactamase Genes in Extraintestinal Pathogenic Escherichia coli ST131 in Indonesia Based on Whole-Genome Sequencing (WGS) Sequences
Authors: Ilsan Noor Andryan , Sipriyadi Sipriyadi , Yunita Melda , Nurfajriah Siti , Inggraini Maulin
Published: May 2022

Extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) is a group of pathogens that can colonize the outside of the intestine, such as the kidney, urinary tract, or bloodstream. This study analyzed more about the genetic background of β-lactamase genes among Indonesian ExPEC ST131. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) sequences from the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) of Indonesian ExPEC ST131 were taken, then analyzed. Circular genomic mapping and genomic comparison of surrounding genes of β-lactamase in these isolates were generated. blaOXA-1 and blaDHA-1 were analyzed deeply due to their presence in a relatively long contig, making them available for analysis. Indonesian ExPEC ST131 isolates had blaOXA-1 with an identical genetic background of E. coli originating from China and Austria with aac (6’)-1b-cr5 in the downstream and cab83 in the upstream. The blaOXA-1 was also detected in other species, including Klebsiella pneumoniae INF142 originating from Australia and Salmonella enterica S146 from China. While, blaDHA-1 in EC_0406 had an identical genetic background to E. coli 142 and other species such as Shigella sonei FC1428 from India and S. flexneri M2901 from Australia, with Globulin-encoded gene in the upstream and lysR in the downstream. Our findings demonstrate the global spread of β-lactamase genes detected in Indonesian ExPEC ST131. These genes were identical to those isolated from some countries around the world.
Biosafety evaluation of Carica papaya aqueous leaf extract on haematological parameters and organ/body weight ratio in Wistar rats.
Authors: Timothy O. , Okpakpor E.E. , Iniaghe L.O.
Published: May 2022

Carica papaya L. (Caricaceae) is an herbaceous perennial tree crop commonly cultivated for its ripe edible fruit. Locally, the leaf decoction is used for treatment of malaria. This study investigated acute toxicity and sub-acute biosafety of C. papaya aqueous leaf extract on haematological and organ/body weight indices. Matured fresh C. papaya leaves were collected, dried and pulverized before extraction using aqueous decoction technique. The liquid extract was further concentrated to dryness and kept in an air tight bottle until further use. Acute toxicity in mice was appraised according to the method of Lorke, while sub-acute toxicity was determined by assessing haematological and organ/body weight parameters in four groups of Wistar rats pre-treated as follows: Group I (control) received distilled water (ml/kg body weight), while groups II, III and IV were administered single daily doses of 200 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg and 800 mg/kg of the extract for 28 consecutive days. The result from the acute toxicity studies was assessed to be above 5000 mg/kg, while the 28 days sub-acute test revealed that there was no significant difference, P> 0.05, in all haematological parameters and organ/body weight ratios evaluated when compared with the control. This study revealed that orally administered C. papaya aqueous leaf extract was tolerated at a single high dose, LD50 above 5000 mg/kg. Also, repeated administration of the test doses did not adversely interfere with any haematological parameter as well as organ/body weight profiles evaluated. The data obtained tend to support the biosafety of the plant extract as reportedly used in herbal home remedies.
Assessment of biogas production from mixtures of poultry waste and cow dung
Authors: Dankawu U.M. , Usman F.M. , Musa I.M. , Safana A.A. , Ndikilar Chifu E. , Shuaibu H.Y. , Yakubu A. , Uzair M. , Lariski F.M. , Silikwa N.W. , Ahmadu M.
Published: May 2022

The increase price of cooking gas and high rate of deforestation (firewood) has led to search for an alternative source for cooking. This study was carried out to produce biogas from cow dung and poultry waste as well as the respective co-digestion of cow dung and poultry dung as alternative fuel for cooking. Four-liters digester and gas collection system were designed and fabricated using locally available materials. The digesters were used to digest cow dung and poultry dung respectively as a single substrate as well as to digest cow dung and poultry dung respectively. The respective materials were collected locally. They were fermented, digested and analyzed in accordance with standard methods for the single substrate. The total volume of gas produced was recorded for different mixtures of cow and poultry waste. The total volume of gas produced ranged from 222 cm3 (20g cow dung plus 60g poultry waste) to 258cm3 (80g cow dung plus 0g poultry). The result shows that cow dung produces more gas than the poultry waste. Therefore, it is recommended that biogas factories or industries should be established that make use of the abundant animal waste. This will reduce the over-dependence on other forms of energy.
Synthesis and characterization of a tetranuclear Cu(II) coordination polymer containing pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid and 4-amidinopyridine co-ligand
Authors: Owalude Samson O. , Adeyoju Oyeyemi A. , Adegbola Damilola Y. , Shittu Muhammed O. , James Olusola O. , Tella Adedibu C.
Published: May 2022

This research demonstrates the preparation of a new coordination polymer, {[Cu4(H2pydc)2(H1apy)(H2O)2DMF].DMF}n, (H2pydc = pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid, H1apy = 4-amidinopyridine) under solvothermal condition by the self-assembly of pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid, 4-midinopyridene and copper(II) acetate. The compound was characterized by elemental analysis and infrared spectroscopic technique. The analysis indicated that the 4-amidinopyridine coordinated to the copper ions through the terminal nitrogen in a monodentate fashion while the pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acids coordinated through the carboxylate oxygens in monodentate mode. Both the elemental analysis and the infrared spectroscopic data agreed with the proposed stoichiometry. This result represent the first report of a tetranuclear Cu(II) coordination polymer having coordinated 4-amidinopyridine as the nitrogen donor moiety in its structure.
Effect of exogenous protease on growth performance and meat quality in broilers reared on fishmeal-based diets
Authors: Sahar Najam-Us- , Mirza Muhammad Aslam , Bhatti Shaukat Ali , Ur Rehman Muhammad Saif
Published: May 2022

This study determined the effect of protease supplementation in fishmeal-based diets on growth performance and meat quality of commercial broiler birds. Four hundred and thirty-two (432) day-old broiler chicks were divided into 36 experimental units of 12 chicks each. Nine experimental diets were formulated using three levels (0%, 25%, and 50%) of the fishmeal as protein source, on protein equivalent basis, with or without alkaline protease (CIBENZA® DP100), and with overestimation of nutritional value based on the enhanced digestibility coefficient (EDC) concept because of the use of alkaline protease. Feed consumption and bodyweight were measured weekly. On the last day of the trial, two birds from each pen were picked and processed for carcass and meat quality parameters. Data were analysed by analysis of variance in a 3 x 3 factorial arrangement of completely randomized design. Weight gain and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were improved in the birds with 25% fishmeal as a replacement for soybean meal (SBM) and enzyme supplementation. Similarly, higher protein digestibility, dressing percentage and thigh meat yield were observed in birds fed diets with 25% fishmeal with added enzyme. In the blood biochemical profile, uric acid levels were lower, and cholesterol and triglyceride were higher in the group fed diets with 25% fishmeal with EDC and enzyme. The addition of protease enzyme to the diet with 25% fishmeal improved growth performance, crude protein digestibility and carcass characteristics.
Effects of dietary trace element supplementation on performance of laying hens and mineral content of egg yolk
Authors: Aghdashi M.N. , Nobakht A. , Mehmannavaz Y.
Published: May 2022

In this experiment, 320 laying hens of Hy-Line W-36 strain were used in a 2 x 2 x 2 factorial design (eight treatments and eight birds in each pen). The treatments were 0 and 400 mg/kg iron salt, 0 and 450 mg/kg iodide, and 0 and 0.1 mg/kg vitamin B12. There were five replicates of each treatment combination and the birds were from 26 to 39 weeks old. The interaction of iron salt and iodide, the use of 450 mg/kg iodide and 0 levels of iron salt increased the iodide content of yolks. In the treatments with 400 mg/kg of iron salt combined with iodide and with 400 mg/kg of iron salt with 0 levels of iodine salt this caused a sharp decrease in the iodide content of the yolk. In the interaction of treatments containing iron salt and vitamin B12, the lowest amount of cobalt and the highest level of Iodide were observed at the 0 levels of both supplements, whereas the combined use of iron salt and vitamin B12 increased the level of cobalt and decreased the yolk iodine content. In the three-way effects between these salts, yolk iron and cobalt content increased, and the highest amount of Iodine was observed in the third treatment (without vitamin B12 and iron). Overall the use of iron salt, iodine, and vitamin B12 could improve the performance of hens and the composition of egg yolk.
Sprinkler flow rate affects physiological, behavioural and production responses of Holstein cows during heat stress
Authors: Bah M. , Javed K. , Pasha T.N. , Shahid M.Q.
Published: May 2022

Holstein Friesian cows are known for their high milk yield. They are popular in the commercial dairy  sector of Pakistan. Heat stress is a major challenge for these animals owing to the longer summer season with high ambient temperatures (35 - 40 °C) and relative humidity (30 - 50%) in the area (Butt et al., 2020). Mitigating the effects of heat stress requires substantial investments in energy and water. Spraying dairy  cows with water in the holding pen or at the feed bunk is common practice as it lowers  body  temperature and respiration rate (Kendall et al., 2007; Chen et al., 2013; 2016), and improves feed  intake  and milk yield (Keister et al., 2002). Owing to the recent decrease in global groundwater, studies have  focused on strategies to reduce the use of water to cool dairy cows (Chen et al., 2016). Sprinkler flow  rates  of 1.3 and 4.9 L/min had similar effects on physiological responses of cows to heat load but  produced a 73%  difference in water use (Chen et al., 2016). Similarly, Tresoldi et al. (2019) concluded that  a sprinkler flow rate of 4.9 L/min had poor efficiency compared with 3.3 L/min, as the additional water did not result in increased biologically relevant cooling. These studies were conducted in Mediterranean climates with an average temperature humidity index in the range of 76 to 78. A recent study with Nili Ravi buffaloes revealed a sprinkler flow rate 1.25 L/min was more efficient than one of 2.0 L/min during subtropical summers (Bah et al., 2021). Because water is projected to be scarce in Pakistan by 2030 (Mustafa et al., 2013), holistic strategies for water conservation in the dairy sector are important nationally. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of various sprinkler flow rates on the performance of lactating Holstein Friesian cows in a typical corporate dairy farm setting during the subtropical summer. Performance of these cows was assumed to be similar, irrespective of the sprinkler flow rates.
Kadın, Doğa, Sanat Bağlamında Çevreci Mücadelenin Sanatla Buluşması: Ekofeminist Sanat
Authors: ERTUĞRUL TOMSUK Esra
Published: May 2022

60’lı yıllar birçok alanda hak arayışlarının en çarpıcı biçimiyle yaşandığı yıllardır. Yaşamla doğrudan bağlantılı olan sanat ortamı da bu bağlamda değişikliğe uğramış; alışılagelmiş sanat pratikleri yoğun bir şekilde tartışılırken bu hak arayışları sanat pratiklerine de yansımıştır. Geleneksel sanat tarihi anlatısında, modernizmin kahramansı yaratıları olan deha, ustalık, yetenek gibi kavramlar, erkeklere mal edilerek kadın sanatçılar dışlanmıştır. Feminist hareketten yola çıkan ve ataerkil toplum zihniyetine karşılık; çevreci mücadeleyi sanatla birleştiren ekofeminist anlayış da böyle bir ortamda ortaya çıkmıştır. Doğanın dişil çağrışımından da yola çıkarak sanatçılar, tahrip edilen doğaya dikkat çekmiş, kadınlar üzerindeki eril hakimiyet ile doğanın sömürülmesi arasında bir bağ olduğu düşüncesi üzerinde durmuşlardır. Ekofeminizm bu süreçte; odağına doğayı, çevre bilincini, hem kadın hem de doğa üzerinde kurulan tahakküme dair eleştiriyi koyan ve genellikle ortaklaşa çalışma, onarım, yenileme gibi kavramları içeren bir akım olarak karşımıza çıkmıştır. Literatür değerlendirmesine dayalı olan bu çalışmada bu alandaki yazın taranmış, insanın doğayla olan ilişkisine yeni bir bakış açısı sunan, sanat ve feminist hareketin kesiştiği noktada ortaya çıkan ekofeminist sanat anlayışının kavramsal boyutu ve tarihsel olarak gelişim süreçleri incelenmiştir. Sanatçılar üzerinden yapılan çözümlemeler neticesinde, sanatın çevresel farkındalık yaratmak amacıyla bir aracı olarak konumlandırılması, çalışmanın önemini vurgulamaktadır.
Case Study on the Class Content Composition and Practice of Academy Writing Utilizing Digital Media
Authors: Park HoGwan
Published: May 2022

Undergraduate students in the 21st century need to understand both the process of expressing their opinions and that of the critical acceptance of those opinions utilizing digital media. They also need to recognize the linguistic characteristics and linguistic expressions that are used in digital media in the language of their everyday lives. Since undergraduate students are both receivers of information utilizing digital media language and producers of new digital information, they should develop communication skills that better correspond to the language that they use in their offline lives. Hence, it is necessary to open liberal arts courses for the purpose of fostering more effective communication skills utilizing digital media. In keeping in line with the daily life and practical needs of undergraduate students living in the digital age, the writer developed a course (Digital Culture and Language) in the first semester of 2020, and has delivered lectures to the present date as part of a balanced (elective) liberal arts course (3/3). This thesis aims to suggest certain communication education content and to provide class cases utilizing the digital media that appeared in the Digital Culture and Language course, as taught in the second semester of 2021.
Study on the Operational Status and Development Direction of a University Writing Center －Focusing on the Differences in Satisfaction according to Student Majors and the Analysis of Student Needs for Writing Instructional Content
Authors: Lee Jiyoung
Published: May 2022

In this paper, the operating system and operation process of Youngsan University's writing center were reviewed, and the operation status and performance were analyzed. Based on the research results, the direction for the development of the university writing center, along with implications that can be helpful in composing the content and methods of university writing education, were suggested. First, in order to understand the operating status of the writing center, detailed information such as the organizational chart, the training programs operated for one year at the writing center, the business plan, the publicity poster, the training program application form, and the online homepage screen were presented. Next, the level of satisfaction of the students who participated in the writing center education program was analyzed. The satisfaction of the students who participated in the writing camp was generally high. However, 'enhancement of competency' and 'improvement of motivation' showed a somewhat low level of satisfaction. Also, this research confirmed that the satisfaction level of science and engineering students was slightly lower than that of humanities and social science students according to the students' majors. In order to solve this problem, various themes of the camp were organized, and writing educational content for science and engineering students was proposed. As a result of analyzing the students' online correction application types, this study confirmed that the students had a high demand for guidance regarding paragraph composition. Accordingly, this study argued that the direction of writing instruction should change from instruction that is centered on getting results to instruction that is centered on the writing process itself.
Analysis of the Effect of Learners’ Preference for Online Classes on Online Course Satisfaction －Focusing on the Case of a General English Course at K University
Authors: Chong Hyein , Woo Sujung
Published: May 2022

This study aims to investigate learners’ perception of online learning for a general English course in Covid 19 situation, explore how online class preference affects degree of satisfaction of general English online class and examine whether the influence varies depending on the controlling variables such as age, instructor, English level, and English preference. The subjects of this study were 870 undergraduate students from K University who took the same compulsive general English course, and the survey was conducted through the Google Forms questionnaire. This study processed an independent sample-t test, response sample-t test, and Pearson correlation analysis to discover the effect of bichronous online learning(blending of both asynchronous and synchronous online learning) preference on English class satisfaction, and hierarchical multiple regression to observe the effect of online class preference. The results showed that students' preference to online learning was lower than that of online learning, but in the case of their satisfaction of general English online course, satisfaction with the synchronous online class was higher than that of the online class. In addition, There was a high positive correlation between synchronous online learning preference and general English class satisfaction. It was also found that the hierarchy of factors influencing English class satisfaction was in the order of synchronous online learning preference, English preference, online class preference, and English proficiency level.
A Study on the Concept and Validity of 'Competency-Based Education' in University Liberal Arts Education
Authors: Cho Nam Min , Shon Dal Lim , Hwang Mi Kyeung
Published: May 2022

This study will discuss three topics. First, whether competency-based education as a national educational policy has validity, second, if competency-based education is applicable to liberal arts education at universities, and third, how members in charge of liberal arts education perceive competency-based education. First, this paper revealed that the definition of 'competency' originated from evaluating the specific job performance ability of individuals belonging to an organization. In this way, the concept of “competency” considered in the strategic aspect of the organization has expanded to be essential to a person’s “success in life” according to the OECD's “DeCo Project,” the EU's “Key Components” agreement, and the US P21 Committee's proposal for the 21st century. Based on the concept of core competencies, the Korean government implemented competency-based curriculum reorganization in public education, and accordingly aimed at the input and output of elementary, middle, high school, and university education, that is, it quantified educational effects and employment rates. Second, this fact was supported through examples of competency-based curriculums at domestic and foreign universities. In foreign countries, competency-based curriculum is selectively applied to practical and professional fields rather than pure learning and liberal arts. Even if it is conducted by the government, it is given considerable autonomy within universities and plays a role in providing necessary support, which is different from the examples found in Korea. Third, in this study a survey was conducted on the perception of 'competency-based education' for university instructors. As a result of the survey, respondents of this survey recognized that it was difficult to apply competency to the teaching-learning process or achievement evaluation process because each university did not sufficiently collect opinions from instructors when setting core competencies and mapping core competencies for their subjects. In addition, competency-based education contributes to enhancing the competencies required by the current society, and it is expected to be effective when applied to specific subjects with instrumental, practical, and professional characteristics. However, it is expecting too much for it to be applied to the entire liberal arts area. In conclusion, this study revealed that competency-based education can be effective only in certain fields, but it cannot be an educational method encompassing liberal arts education, including the humanities, society, and the arts. In addition, this study also revealed that competency-based education is not appropriate as a government’s policy for public education and university education based on various perspectives, such as the theoretical approach, case studies, and perception surveys.
A Case Study of the Liberal Arts Curriculum at a College of Lifelong Education for Adult Learners
Authors: Sim Mikyung
Published: May 2022

This study aimed to explore the operation case of the liberal arts curriculum found at ‘A’ university, a long term participating university of the ‘Lifelong Education at Universities for the Future Education Project.’ For this study, qualitative research methodology was used and the data collection for this study was conducted for five months. As a result of the study, we found that ‘A’ university, like other universities involved in this project, has been trying to establish a flexible academic system, such as a RPL (Recognition of Prior Learning Experience), on-line education, night and weekend classes, and blended education. Moreover, ‘A’ university recently made a progress in preparing a liberal arts curriculum, tailored to adult learners as it took into account the age of adult learners and the level of their basic academic ability. However, several problems were also found in the process of introducing this type of liberal arts curriculum. The first problem was the university’s top down operation with administrative practices. And The second problem involved issues pertaining to quality in the management of the liberal arts curriculum. These findings were consistent with the recent concerns raised in previous studies. The results of this study suggest that universities participating in the ‘Lifelong Education at Universities for the Future Education Project’ need to consider the gap between the ideal goals found in the project and the realistic needs of adult learners enrolled in a liberal arts curriculum.
Current Status and Development Plan in the Area of Character Education at Universities
Authors: Lee Yeonjoo , Jeon Jonghee
Published: May 2022

In this study, character education, which has a deep origin in the educational history of both the East and West, began to be newly illuminated in the 4th Industrial Revolution and AI era. In line with the trend of the times, this study was conducted as a basic study to review the role and meaning of university character education and to redefine its status. The demand for character education is on the rise, with several universities in Korea already opening and operating subjects related to character education as essential subjects. The Center for Liberal Arts Education has established a literacy education area and has presented it as a standard model for basic liberal arts education. But there is a sense that both the concept and meaning in the education area have not yet been sufficiently disseminated. In light of this problem, this study explored the direction that the newly established status in the character education field is taking. To this end, the research trend of university character education was analyzed, and a survey was conducted on those in charge of liberal arts education in the university’s education field. In addition, a focus group interview (FGI) was conducted for nine liberal arts education policy experts. As a result of examining the research trend of literacy education, universities perceived that character education is mainly related to cultivating basic or practical skills in the chosen fields or majors of the students. Thus, it proved to be different from the area of character education that aims for personality education. However, as a result of a survey conducted by a person in charge of liberal arts education at domestic universities, 31.4% were already applying to the area of character education, and this number increased by 7% from the previous survey. In addition, 34.3% of the respondents said that the basic framework of the liberal arts curriculum of the “Standards Plan” was already accepted and had entered the settlement stage at many universities. As a result of the FGI, a liberal arts education policy expert sympathized with the importance of character education, but there were divided opinions for and against classifying it into character education areas. Based on the results of this study, it is suggested that both the details of the current status and a subject analysis in the area of character education being conducted at domestic universities need to be conducted as a follow-up study.
GMM Approach to Residential Electricity Consumption in Indonesia
Authors: Basconcillo Julie Ann , Rimkute Aurelija
Published: May 2022

This study reinvestigates the effects of socioeconomic factors on residential electricity consumption in 33 provinces of Indonesia during 2014–2020. We estimate two dynamic panel models of electricity demand at two levels, namely, the household and aggregate residential sectors. The gross regional domestic product per capita, unlike tariffs, significantly impacts consumption. The population size and electrification ratio also positively impact aggregate demand, suggesting the effectiveness of policy related to electricity access.
Leveraging Blockchain Technology and Tokenizing Green Assets to Fill the Green Finance Gap
Authors: Naderi Niki , Tian Yifeng
Published: May 2022

Clean energy projects have difficulties accessing finance. The transition to clean energy and accelerating investments in green projects require a game-changing approach, groundbreaking infrastructure, and pioneering green financing strategies. This article discusses the potential of blockchain technology in filling the green investment gap. Use cases related to the application of blockchain in green projects are analyzed. Blockchain technology can provide security, transparency, auditability, and traceability and help fill the green finance gap.
Real Time Monitoring Based Smart Farming
Authors: khan Riva , khan Anas , Murshad Iram , Shaikh Affan , Dahatonde Nayna
Published: May 2022

Agriculture has long played a key role in countries like India, and agricultural challenges are becoming increasingly widespread these days Internet of Things (IoT) is a network of devices that are self-configured. Intelligent Smart Farming IoT-based gadgets are slowly but steadily creating enhancement in agro production, and improving it but also by lowering costs and reducing waste. Real-time Monitoring based Smart farming has the potential to be a pillar in the country's development. The Internet of Things (IoT) revolutionized every aspect of the Common man's life by making everything intelligent, fast and smart. By doing everything smarter and smarter, Internet of Things (IoT) transformed everything for common man's existence. The objective of our project is to demonstrate IoT-based Smart Farming System to assist farmers in obtaining real-time moisture and temperature data, as well as soil moisture (Sparkfun soil moisture sensors) efficiency ecological surveillance, allowing them to improve overall yield and harvest quality. The Internet of Things-based Realtime Monitoring Based Smart Farming System combines Arduino Technology (Node MCU) with a wifi Microcontroller unit to generate a Real time data feed that can be viewed via Thingsspeak.com.
The Frequency and Causes of Benign Leukopenia in Patients Admitted to the Pediatric Hematology Clinic: A Three-Year Study
Authors: Babacan Altay , Şenol Feray Ferda , Bahçeci İlkay
Published: May 2022

Özet

Lökosit sayısının 3500/μL seviyesinin altında olması lökopeni olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Çoğunlukla sekonder sebeplerle ilişkili olan ve immün sistem görevlerini etkileyebilmesi nedeniyle klinik önem taşıyan lökopeni çocuklarda farklı etiyolojik sebeplere bağlı olarak gelişebilmektedir. Çalışmamızın amacı çocuk hematoloji polikliniğine başvuran hastalarda benign lökopeni sıklığını ve etiyolojik sebeplerini belirlemektir. Bu retrospektif çalışmada 2019-2021 yılları arasında Elazığ Fethi Sekin Şehir Hastanesi Çocuk Hematoloji polikliniğine başvuran ve lökosit sayıları 3500/μL'nin altında olan hastalara ait veriler incelendi. Otoimmün hastalık, malignite, aplastik anemi ve kronik nötropenisi olan hastalar çalışmaya dahil edilmedi. Polikliniğimize başvuran 2500 hasta incelendi ve lökopeni insidansı %3.32 olarak bulundu. Lökopeni tespit edilen 83 hastanın 44'ü erkek (%53) ve 39'u kız (%47) hastalar olup, hastaların ortalama yaşı 8.5±4.5 yıl idi. Hastaların ortalama lökosit sayısı 2950±450/μL, ortalama lökopeni süresi 7.5±2.5 gün, ortalama takip süreleri 14±5 gün olarak tespit edildi ve tüm hastalarda lökopeninin düzeldiği gözlemlendi. Lökopeninin en sık nedenleri sırasıyla enfeksiyonlar %68.7 (57/83), vitamin B12 eksikliği %14.5 (12/83) ve ilaç kullanımı %10.8 (9/83) olarak tespit edildi. Çalışmamızda çocukluk çağında akut geçici lökopeni nedenleri arasında en sık sebebin enfeksiyon kaynaklı olduğu tespit edilirken, vitamin B12 eksikliğinin de lökopeniye sebep olabileceği gözlemlenmiş olup, bu olgularda lökopeninin tedavi ile düzeldiği saptanmıştır.