bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kilohertz Transcranial Magnetic Perturbation (kTMP): A New Non-invasive Method to Modulate Cortical Excitability
Authors: Labruna Ludovica , Merrick Christina , Peterchev Angel V , Inglis Ben , Ivry Richard B , Sheltraw Daniel
Published: March 2024

Non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) provides a method for safely perturbing brain activity, and has been employed in basic research to test hypotheses concerning brainbehavior relationships with increasing translational applications. We introduce and evaluate a novel subthreshold NIBS method: kilohertz transcranial magnetic perturbation (kTMP). kTMP is a magnetic induction method that delivers continuous kHz-frequency cortical electric fields (E-fields) which may be amplitude-modulated to potentially mimic electrical activity at endogenous frequencies. We used TMS to compare the amplitude of motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) in a hand muscle before and after kTMP. In Experiment 1, we applied kTMP for 10 min over motor cortex to induce an E-field amplitude of approximately 2.0 V/m, comparing the effects of waveforms at frequencies of 2.0, 3.5, or 5.0 kHz. In Experiments 2 and 3 we used two forms of amplitude-modulated kTMP with a carrier frequency at 3.5 kHz and modulation frequencies of either 20 or 140 Hz. The only percept associated with kTMP was an auditory tone, making kTMP amenable for doubleblind experimentation. Relative to sham stimulation, non-modulated kTMP at 2.0 and 3.5 kHz resulted in an increase in cortical excitability, with Experiments 2 and 3 providing a replication of this effect for the 3.5 kHz condition. Although amplitude-modulated kTMP increased MEP amplitude compared to sham, no enhancement was found compared to non-modulated kTMP. kTMP opens a new experimental NIBS space inducing relatively large amplitude subthreshold E-fields able to increase cortical excitability with minimal sensation.
Causal evidence for a domain-specific role of left superior frontal sulcus in human perceptual decision making
Authors: Barretto García Miguel , Grueschow Marcus , Moisa Marius , Polania Rafael , Ruff Christian C.
Published: March 2024

Humans and animals can flexibly choose their actions based on different information, ranging from objective states of the environment (e.g., apples are bigger than cherries) to subjective preferences (e.g., cherries are tastier than apples). Whether the brain instantiates these different choices by recruiting either specialised or shared neural circuitry remains debated. Specifically, domain-general accounts of prefrontal cortex (PFC) function propose that prefrontal areas flexibly process either perceptual or value-based evidence depending on what is required for the present choice, whereas domain-specific theories posit that PFC sub-areas, such as the left superior frontal sulcus (SFS), selectively integrate evidence relevant for perceptual decisions. Here we comprehensively test the functional role of the left SFS for choices based on perceptual and value-based evidence, by combining fMRI with a behavioural paradigm, computational modelling, and transcranial magnetic stimulation. Confirming predictions by a sequential sampling model, we show that TMS-induced excitability reduction of the left SFS selectively changes the processing of decision-relevant perceptual information and associated neural processes. In contrast, value-based decision making and associated neural processes remain unaffected. This specificity of SFS function is evident at all levels of analysis (behavioural, computational, and neural, including functional connectivity), demonstrating that the left SFS causally contributes to evidence integration for perceptual but not value-based decisions.
Nicotine enhances the stemness and tumorigenicity in intestinal stem cells via Hippo-YAP/TAZ and Notch signal pathway
Authors: Isotani Ryosuke , Igarashi Masaki , Miura Masaomi , Naruse Kyoko , Kuranami Satoshi , Yamauchi Toshimasa
Published: March 2024

Cigarette smoking is a well-known risk factor inducing the development and progression of various diseases. Nicotine (NIC) is the major constituent of cigarette smoke. However, knowledge of the mechanism underlying the NIC-regulated stem cell functions is limited. In this study, we demonstrate that NIC increases the abundance and proliferative activity of intestinal stem cells (ISCs) in vivo and ex vivo. Moreover, NIC induces Yes-associated protein (YAP)/Transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) and Notch signaling in ISCs via α7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAchR) and protein kinase C (PKC) activation; this effect was not detected in Paneth cells. The inhibition of Notch signaling by dibenzazepine (DBZ) nullified the effects of NIC on ISCs. NIC enhances in vivo tumor formation from ISCs after loss of the tumor suppressor gene Apc, DBZ inhibited NIC-induced tumor growth. Hence, this study identifies a NIC-triggered pathway regulating the stemness and tumorigenicity of ISCs and suggests the use of DBZ as a potential therapeutic strategy for treating intestinal tumors.
Distinct effects of phyllosphere and rhizosphere microbes on invader Ageratina adenophora during its early life stages
Authors: Zeng Zhao-Ying , Huang Jun-Rong , Liu Zi-Qing , Yang Ai-Ling , Li Yu-Xuan , Wang Yong-Lan , Zhang Han-Bo
Published: March 2024

Microbes strongly affect invasive plant growth. However, how phyllosphere and rhizosphere soil microbes distinctively affect seedling mortality and growth of invaders across ontogeny under varying soil nutrient levels remains unclear. In this study, we used the invader Ageratina adenophora to evaluate these effects. We found that higher proportions of potential pathogens were detected in core microbial taxa in leaf litter than rhizosphere soil and thus leaf inoculation had more adverse effects on seed germination and seedling survival than soil inoculation. Microbial inoculation at different growth stages altered the microbial community and functions of seedlings, and earlier inoculation had a more adverse effect on seedling survival and growth. The soil nutrient level did not affect microbe-mediated seedling growth and the relative abundance of the microbial community and functions involved in seedling growth. The effects of some microbial genera on seedling survival are distinct from those on growth. Moreover, the A. adenophora seedling-killing effects of fungal strains isolated from dead seedlings by non-sterile leaf inoculation exhibited significant phylogenetic signals, by which strains of Allophoma and Alternaria generally caused high seedling mortality. Our study stresses the essential role of A. adenophora litter microbes in population establishment by regulating seedling density and growth.
Distinct effects of phyllosphere and rhizosphere microbes on invader Ageratina adenophora during its early life stages
Authors: Zeng Zhao-Ying , Huang Jun-Rong , Liu Zi-Qing , Yang Ai-Ling , Li Yu-Xuan , Wang Yong-Lan , Zhang Han-Bo
Published: March 2024

Microbes strongly affect invasive plant growth. Interactions between soil microbes and invasive plants have received widespread attention; however, it remains to be determined how phyllosphere and rhizosphere soil microbes affect seedling mortality and the growth of invasive plants across ontogeny under varying soil nutrition levels. In this study, we used the invader
Ageratina adenophora
to evaluate these effects in plant growth chambers. We found that leaf litter harboured more potential pathogens and thus had more adverse effects on seed germination and seedling survival than soil inoculation. Microbial inoculation at different growth stages altered the microbial community and functions enriched in seedlings, and earlier inoculation had a more adverse effect on seedling survival and growth. In most cases, the soil nutrient level did not affect microbe-mediated seedling growth and the relative abundance of the microbial community and functions involved in seedling growth. Some microbial genera have distinct effects on seedling survival from those on growth. Moreover, fungal strains isolated from dead seedlings inoculated with litter exhibited significant phylogenetic signals to seedling mortality, in which strains of
Allophoma
and
Alternaria
caused high seedling mortality. Our study stresses the essential role of
A. adenophora
litter microbes in population establishment by regulating seedling density and growth.
Deciphering the genomes of motility-deficient mutants of Vibrio alginolyticus 138-2
Authors: Uesaka Kazuma , Inaba Keita , Nishioka Noriko , Kojima Seiji , Homma Michio , Ihara Kunio
Published: March 2024

The motility of Vibrio species plays a pivotal role in their survival and adaptation to diverse environments and is intricately associated with pathogenicity in both humans and aquatic animals. Numerous mutant strains of Vibrio alginolyticus have been generated using UV or EMS mutagenesis to probe flagellar motility using molecular genetic approaches. Identifying these mutations promises to yield valuable insights into motility at the protein structural physiology level. In this study, we determined the complete genomic structure of 4 reference specimens of laboratory V. alginolyticus strains: a precursor strain, V. alginolyticus 138-2, two strains showing defects in the lateral flagellum (VIO5 and YM4), and one strain showing defects in the polar flagellum (YM19). Subsequently, we meticulously ascertained the specific mutation sites within the 18 motility-deficient strains related to the polar flagellum (they fall into three categories: flagellar-deficient, multi-flagellar, and chemotaxis-deficient strains) by whole genome sequencing and mapping to the complete genome of parental strains VIO5 or YM4. The mutant strains had an average of 20.6 (±12.7) mutations, most of which were randomly distributed throughout the genome. However, at least two or more different mutations in six flagellar-related genes were detected in 18 mutants specifically selected as chemotaxis-deficient mutants. Genomic analysis using a large number of mutant strains is a very effective tool to comprehensively identify genes associated with specific phenotypes using forward genetics.
Assessment on the Utilization of Completed Basic Education Research Fund in SOCSARGEN: Basis for Policy Enhancement
Authors: Libdan Ildefonso , Robles Ava Clare Marie , Rollo Cornelio
Published: March 2024

An assessment of the utilization of the Completed Basic Education Research Fund (BERF) in the divisions of South Cotabato, Sarangani, and General Santos City, Philippines, was conducted using a descriptive-correlational research design on the 40 BERF-recipient, teacher-researchers from School Year 2019-2021. It looked into whether the utilization had a significant influence on the proficiency of learners. The quantitative results revealed that completed BERF research was moderately utilized. Likewise, learners' proficiency in the recipient school during the first quarter of School Year 2022-23 was very satisfactory. Furthermore, using a Spearman Rank correlation, the variables in utilizing completed BERF did not significantly influence learners' proficiency in the recipient school. It can be seen that the research findings may not have reached the intended audience in a way that is accessible, understandable, and relevant to their needs. Accordingly, the learners had a very satisfactory performance. This can be attributed to their improved digital skills during the pandemic may have contributed to their face-to-face classes’ performance. The translation of research findings into actionable strategies and interventions was likely affected by other concerns in school management. Therefore, it is imperative to guarantee that the research supported by BERF closely corresponds with the unique requirements and difficulties students face in the school system.
School, Family, and Community Dynamics: Challenges and Opportunities from Pandemic to Post-Pandemic
Authors: Sereño Ana Rubi
Published: March 2024

Two consecutive years have passed since educational institutions globally were closed due to the Covid-19 pandemic. In the first quarter of 2020, classes at all levels in the Philippines were suspended, and alternative means of completing the respective school year have been very challenging. Implementing Modular Distance Learning (MDL) was the best option for the Department of Education to continue learning. This phenomenological research described the school, family, and community dynamics, the challenges experienced, and the opportunities encountered in transitioning to face-to-face classes in Bislig City Division. The researcher used an interview guide to gather the responses from individual interviews and focus group discussions. Word cloud applications for the categorization of themes were also used. Findings showed that the COVID-19 pandemic has snatched the students' significant mental, emotional, and physical health; challenges of infection, adjustment to the new normal, and learning gaps brought about by the distance learning modality were related. However, assurance of students’ holistic preparedness and support to school were the major themes that emerged. Thus, the role of family, school, and community were interconnected and deemed essential in promoting better learning outcomes. Opportunities were also evident amidst the educational crisis. Its advantages were strong collaboration among stakeholders, promotion of economic activities, and a safe learning environment.
Estimación de contenido de carbono y evaluación de las propiedades del suelo en praderas destinadas a la producción de bovinos bajo manejo regenerativo del sur de Chile
Authors:   , Victorero Arias Constanza
Published: March 2024

The livestock sector represents 14.5% of global anthropogenic emissions, which has led to the degradation of natural soil resources for years. However, the implementation of practices associated with regenerative agriculture, such as rotational grazing planning, use of technologies, could mitigate the negative impacts generated by management, through an increase in the concentrations of soil organic carbon, improvements in properties soil physic and chemistry. This study evaluated the effect on soil physicochemical properties, soil organic carbon (SOC) and Stock SOC in nine fields intended for cattle production under regenerative management versus conventional management in southern Chile. The results indicate that the physical properties are those that present the most significant differences in the different fields, but no the SOC, which only presented a significant difference. The technology implemented in some fields, long- term carbon monitoring, land use and the history of management in conventional fields were proposed as relevant aspects to explain the non-significant changes in the evaluation period of this study. For future studies, the implementation of long-term monitoring of soil properties is recommended, in addition to including biological properties such as microorganism activity when monitoring, to evaluate more effective strategies for the conservation and sustainable management of natural resources.
Caracterización de dormancia y estrategias para promover germinación en especies del género Schizanthus
Authors:   , Moreno Osorio Joaquín Alberto
Published: March 2024

The genus Schizanthus (Solanaceae) includes 14 annual and biennial species, mostly endemic to Chile, commonly known as “maripositas”. This genus exhibits a variety of colorful flowers, giving it great ornamental potential for cultivation. However, the seeds of this genus show low germination rates, indicating a possible dormancy that hinders their commercial production. The objective of this study was to determine the dormancy mechanisms and implement strategies for efficient seed propagation in Schizanthus porrigens, S. carlomunozii, and S. hookeri. Morpho-anatomical analysis indicated the presence of a thin seed coat, oily endosperm, and a curved embryo for all three species. Imbibition with gibberellic acid (GA3, 200 ppm) proved to be the most effective treatment in promoting germination, both in laboratory and nursery conditions. Imbibition in potassium nitrate (KNO3 at 0.3%) increased germination only in S. hookeri and, to a lesser extent, in S. porrigens. The seeds of S. hookeri show an increased response to GA3 as the storage time increases; however, they do not germinate in the absence of GA3. Seeds treated for 24 hours in solutions of GA3, KNO3, and distilled water showed similar seedling heights at transplanting. Nevertheless, soaking the seeds for 48 hours in GA3 resulted in more etiolated seedlings. The seeds of the three studied Schizanthus species exhibit an intermediate physiological dormancy that can be broken by GA3 without negatively affecting their quality at the time of transplanting under nursery conditions.
Tensiones entre la evaluación formativa y la certificación de estudios en un programa de Modalidad Flexible de Educación Para Jóvenes y Adultos
Authors:   , Toloza Vásquez Tamara Belén
Published: March 2024

El presente trabajo corresponde a un estudio de caso sobre los procesos evaluativos que se desarrollan en un programa de nivelación de estudios de Modalidad Flexible ejecutado en una Institución Educativa de la Región Metropolitana de Santiago. El programa de Modalidad Flexible es una de las alternativas de nivelación de estudios que dispone el Ministerio de Educación y habilita a los(as) estudiantes inscritos(as) a rendir exámenes de certificación y promoción a cargo de la Coordinación Nacional de Educación Para Jóvenes y Adultos (EPJA). Dado los bajos resultados en estas examinaciones los últimos años, a nivel institucional y nacional, es que se vuelve de interés indagar en los procesos evaluativos que se desarrollan en este tipo de programas. El objetivo es analizar la relación entre la evaluación formativa que se implementa al interior del programa con la evaluación certificadora que elabora EPJA-MINEDUC. Para ello, se configura un caso, levantándose información a partir de documentos ministeriales, institucionales, entrevistas individuales y un focus group. Tras el análisis de contenido de las distintas fuentes y triangulación de los datos, se analizó la evidencia a la luz de la literatura vigente. Entre los resultados se destaca que la evaluación formativa que se implementa desde la Entidad Ejecutora con la evaluación certificadora que aplica EPJA-MINEDUC es desarticulada y desconectada en su diseño e implementación, predominando un “modelo invertido” de evaluación, donde los procesos, estrategias, materiales e instrumentos se diseñan a partir del producto final que son los exámenes de certificación. Esto permite visualizar una mayor preocupación en los resultados por sobre los aprendizajes a desarrollar en los(as) estudiantes.
Towards the generation of spin defects in hBN monolayer by ion implantation
Authors:   , Zelada Concha Hugo Ignacio
Published: March 2024

The controlled creation of single-photon emitters in two-dimensional materials has gained significant attention due to its potential applications in quantum technologies and optoelectronic devices. Hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) is an insulator with exceptional mechanical and electrical properties. It has emerged as a promising material for next-generation electronic devices. However, the controlled introduction of defects into hBN monolayers remains a challenge. This work aims to address this challenge by utilizing ion implantation as a technique (maximum energy of 5 keV ) to generate defects in hBN monolayers on Si/SiO2. Argon ions were accelerated and directed onto the hBN surface in a high vacuum environment (10−8 mbar), and to characterize the possible defects and their potential as single emitters, we employed confocal microscopy and photoluminescence spectroscopy. The confocal microscopy technique allows for precise spatial mapping of the defects, while the spectroscopy provides insights into their optical properties, such as emission wavelength and intensity. The ion dose has not been successfully characterized but, under certain approximations, it has been estimated of the order of 1015 ions/cm2 . Bright spots were observed in implanted areas with energies between 0.5 keV and 1.0 keV and implantation times of less than 30 s. Due to the low photostability, it was decided to coat the monolayer with PMMA, which in some cases reduced the effects of photobleaching, in addition to observing new behaviors of the bright spots, such as blinking. The measured spectra present two peaks, which would represent the PSB and the ZPL, and are separated by approximately 0.15 eV . According to the literature, they would correspond to carbon defects, which would present a spin of 1/2. To corroborate if the observed are SPEs, it is necessary to measure the autocorrelation function g(2), as well as, if it is desired to analyze if they have a non-zero spin, it will be necessary to perform measurements with ODMR.
Rol y necesidades de cuidado percibidas por cuidadores formales e informales del Programa de Atención de Personas Mayores con Dependencia Moderada y Severa del Centro de Salud Familiar Las Torres (Santiago, Chile)
Authors:   , Valencia Guevara Angélica María
Published: March 2024

Objetivo: Explorar las necesidades de cuidado percibidas por cuidadores formales (CF) e informales (CI) de personas mayores (PM) con dependencia moderada y severa, barreras y facilitadores para el cuidado y recomendaciones sobre estrategias e intervenciones que faciliten el cuidado futuro. Diseño: Investigación cualitativa de carácter descriptivo. Emplazamiento: Centro de Salud Familiar ubicado en Santiago, Chile. Participantes: CI de PM (n=12) y CF (n=3) pertenecientes al programa de atención de personas con dependencia severa (PADDS) del Centro de Salud Familiar. Método: Se realizaron entrevistas semi-estructuradas con los CI y un grupo focal con CF. Se utilizó un análisis de contenido convencional para identificar y definir los temas principales. Resultados: De las 15 entrevistas realizadas emergieron diversas categorías y subcategorías. En los CI: 4 categorías principales, 20 sub-categorías primarias y secundarias, algunas de las identificadas incluyen: 1) Facilitadores del cuidado: redes de apoyo, compartir experiencia y mecanismos de afrontamiento, 2) Barreras del cuidado: Atención del Sistema de Salud, falta de apoyo de las redes y mayor grado de dependencia, 3) Recomendaciones para fortalecer el apoyo a la PM dependiente y al CI: apoyo en salud mental y económico, y optimización de los recursos para la atención médica. En los CF: 5 categorías principales y 17 sub-categorías, algunas son: 1) Facilitadores en el funcionamiento del PADDS: contar con estructura consolidada y trabajo en red, 2) Debilidades del PADDS: falta de formación y experiencia del personal de salud, falta de cuidado centrado en la persona, falta de apoyo emocional y terapéutico, 3) Recomendaciones para el PADDS: reconocer la importancia del rol como CI. Conclusiones: Abordar las necesidades de cuidado de PM con dependencia moderada y severa requiere un enfoque holístico y compasivo que reconozca y apoye la dedicación incansable de quienes desempeñan un papel crucial en su bienestar.
CERAMIC ART-INSPIRED LIGHTINING DESIGN: SCULPTURES OF LIGHT
Authors: Genc Melda
Published: March 2024

Although lighting elements emerged due to the need for light, they have become tools that add meaning to our lives over time. Today, different designs for a wide range of users provide the perception of spaces while at the same time creating an aesthetic perception. The use of ceramics in lighting elements, which are diversified day by day with the possibilities of the age and the demands of the users, has also started to attract attention. When we look at the historical process, the use of ceramics in lighting is seen. However, it has been replaced by different materials over time. In this study, it is aimed to increase the use of ceramics in the design of lighting elements. In this context, the place of ceramics in the history of lighting has been investigated. It was aimed to investigate how ceramics, which is the material of many products that meet our daily usage needs, will affect the design of lighting elements. Studies were carried out by questioning the relationship between clay, which is the material of ceramics, light and space. While the effect of lighting elements on the space during the day is limited in the artistic sense, it is desired to turn into light sculptures that affect the whole space at night. The interaction of light with the ceramic form, its reflection in the space as a result of its interaction with the form of this form and changing our perception in the space aimed to give a new dimension.
Estimation of Microalbuminuria in Children with Beta Thalassaemia Major: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Arun YB , Aruna G , Rajashekaramurthy GR , Sanjay KS
Published: March 2024

Introduction: Improvement in the standard of care of Thalassaemia by regular blood transfusion increases life expectancy. Multiple transfusions with concurrent iron overload and chronic anaemia, leading to tissue-level hypoxemia, cause significant renal dysfunction. Microalbuminuria is a sensitive marker of glomerular damage, and studies in thalassemic children have demonstrated variable prevalence rates of microalbuminuria. Aim: To study the prevalence of microalbuminuria and its association with clinical and laboratory parameters in children with Beta Thalassaemia Major (BTM). Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2018 to June 2019 at Indira Gandhi Institute of Child Health, Bangaluru, Karnataka,India. A total of 155 children with Beta Thalassaemia Major (BTM) aged 2-18 years, attending the Thalassaemia Day Care Centre, were included in the study. Their demographic details such as age, gender, clinical parameters like frequency of transfusions, type of chelation therapy, height, weight, Body Mass Index (BMI), organomegaly, and laboratory parameters like serum creatinine, ferritin, pretransfusion Hb%, and Urinary Microalbumin Creatinine Ratio (UMCR) were studied as per a predesigned proforma. The association between microalbuminuria with clinical and laboratory parameters was evaluated using the independent sample T-test or Mann-Whitney U test and Chi-square/Fischer’s-exact test. Results: A total of 155 children with BTM were studied. In the present study, out of a total of 155 patients, microalbuminuria was found in 66 (42.6%). A significant increase in the prevalence of microalbuminuria was observed as the age advanced, as the frequency of blood transfusions increased, with low pretranfusion haemoglobin (g%), and with elevated serum ferritin. Conclusion: In the present study, the prevalence of microalbuminuria was found to be 42.6%. Screening for microalbuminuria is recommended in all children with beta thalassaemia major for the early detection of renal dysfunction, prevention of disease progression, and improvement in the quality of their lives.
Wastewater Phytopurification Monitoring with Congolese Planted Filters, Republic of Congo
Authors: Mouko Gavin-Rolin Diele , Mbemba Kiele Molingo , Mabika Aimé Bertrand Madiele , Ouamba Jean Maurille
Published: March 2024

The present study aimed to evaluate the purifying power of two Congolese plant filters or emerging macrophytes EP-F (Echinochloa pyramidalis (Lam) Hutch) and CA-F (Cyperus alternifolius L.) on wastewater coming from the Total market, the largest national market of Brazzaville in Congo. To do this, we set up an experimental device composed of gravel, fine sand and two plants. These plants were cultivated in an experimental pilot consisting of 8 tanks of 42,000 cm3 of wastewater at treat each one, in addition to 2 tanks used as controls. The purifying performance study of the system after 90 days of treatment showed a significant reduction in physical, organic and mineral pollution. Using the planted filter EP-F (Echinochloa pyramidalis (Lam)Hutch), we obtain reduction rates of almost 100% for turbidity and for suspended matter (SM), 75.42% for COD, 76.5% for NH4+ ions, 99.5% for NO3- ions and 99.73% for PO43- ions. In the case of the CA-F (Cyperus alternifolius L) planted filter, we obtain reduction rates of almost 100% for turbidity and SM, 80.94% for COD, 93% for ions. NH4+, 89.11% for NO3- ions and 98.93% for PO43- ions. Furthermore, we also noted an increase in organic and mineral pollutants concentrations in the two plants compared to the raw plants before wastewater passage. This study showed that Echinochloa pyramidalis (Lam) Hutch and Cyperus alternifolius L. are effective macrophyte filters to eliminate physical, organic and mineral pollution.
Mineral and Labile Organic Nitrogen Fractions in Soil Profile and Their Response to FYM and Inorganic Fertilization in Different Growth Stages of Rice Crop
Authors: Tamuli Babita , Bhattacharrya Devajit , Das K. N. , Ghose Tapan Jyoti
Published: March 2024

Nitrogen is the key element among the major nutrients in crop production. The mineralizable soil organic nitrogen is the main contributors of soil N supply. A better understanding of soil organic nitrogen dynamics in agro-ecosystems is needed to improve N management. The present investigation was conducted in Regional Agricultural Research Station (RARS), Assam Agricultural University, Titabar, Jorhat during 2017-18. In this study, the impact of Farmyard Manure (FYM) and inorganic fertilization on soil mineral nitrogen (NO3−-N and NH4+-N) dynamics and labile organic nitrogen fractions viz. microbial biomass N (MBN), particulate organic N (PON) and water-extractable organic N (WEON) at three growth stages of rice viz. active tillering, flowering and physiological maturity stages and nitrogen stock were assessed. Six treatments viz. control (no fertilization), 100% NPK, 100% NPK + FYM 5 t ha-1, 50% NPK, 50% NPK + 50% N through FYM and FYM 10 t ha-1 were tested in randomized block design with four replications. The results showed that NO3−-N and NH4+-N were found to be significantly higher in 100% NPK+FYM 5 t ha-1 at the three growth stages of rice. The labile organic nitrogen fractions were significantly higher in FYM 10 t ha-1. All these variables were decreased with increase in crop growth stages. Integrated use of inorganic fertilizer and FYM recorded the highest nitrogen stock. Stepwise regression analysis indicated that NH4+-N was the main contributor to nitrogen stocks at the three growth stages of rice of the studied soils.
PCCP Mortar Protection Layer Research Progress
Authors: Huang Junyu
Published: March 2024

Prestressed steel cylinder concrete pipe (PCCP) has the characteristics of high strength, excellent impermeability, strong sealing and easy installation, and has become an irreplaceable first choice pipe in China's long-distance water diversion project. However, in the process of using PCCP, there will be pipe bursts and other phenomena, most of which are caused by the broken wire of the prestressed steel wire, and the most important function of the protective layer of PCCP mortar is to protect the prestressed steel wire. In this paper, the research progress of PCCP by scholars at home and abroad is reviewed from five aspects: PCCP working environment, mortar mechanical properties, mortar durability, mortar thickness and mortar curing. as well as testing the durability of the mortar through different solution environments; The research prospect of the production of PCCP mortar protective layer, the detection of PCCP mortar protective layer, and the monitoring of PCCP mortar protective layer were carried out, which provided reference enlightenment for the development of PCCP mortar protective layer.
Identidades não binárias
Authors: De Castro Midlej Mariana , Fontes Passos Guimarães Anderson
Published: March 2024

Entende-se por binarismo a forma dicotômica de perceber a realidade, que se mostra cada vez mais inflexível, auxiliando no surgimento dos binarismos que constituem as estruturas sociais. Diante disso, este estudo pretende abordar as concepções binárias de gênero que permeiam a atual sociedade brasileira. Além de pessoas cisgêneras, existem também as pessoas de identidades de gênero dissidentes e, dentro desse grupo, as pessoas não binárias. Gradualmente essa comunidade tem conquistado espaços, pautando que há possibilidades de identificação além da dicotomia mulher/homem e seus respectivos papéis de gênero. Esta pesquisa almeja compreender como a escuta psicanalítica pode ser uma ferramenta para o fortalecimento de pessoas não binárias diante de um mundo imerso na cisnormatividade e no binarismo, de modo a colaborar para a subversão. Assim, a psicanálise não pode se abster dos diálogos que emergem no meio social e político, bem como as outras vertentes da psicologia. É necessário que esteja sensível diante das formas não cisgêneras de vivenciar as identidades de gênero. Com isso, foi realizada uma revisão narrativa da literatura com os bancos de dados da SciELO e dos Repositórios Institucionais da UFJF, UFBA e UFRGS; além de livros e outras referências, como materiais audiovisuais exibidos no YouTube. Por fim, é esperado que sejam favorecidas reflexões sobre a escuta ética na psicanálise e sobre a naturalização da cisgeneridade. A população não binária ainda é excluída dos espaços, além de ainda ser patologizada no campo da saúde. Apesar disso, é possível exercer uma escuta que não violente essas existências.
Não binariedade emergente ou binariedade projetiva – reflexões exploratórias transdisciplinares
Authors: Martins Gabrielle , Nascimento Silvana
Published: March 2024

Neste artigo, exploramos uma aliança transdisciplinar de um ponto de vista teórico para estudar a dinâmica entre sexualidade e gênero no contexto das interações sociais. Através de um modelo matemático, inspirado pela formulação da mecânica quântica, estabelecemos o papel não trivial que a cis-heteronorma tem na estabilização das identidades e experiências não binárias. Em outras palavras, na tentativa de normatizar apenas as relações heterossexuais, emergem necessariamente identidades que escapam e, consequentemente, destroem o binário de gênero. Trata-se de um primeiro exercício reflexivo na tentativa de estabelecer diálogos entre estudos de gênero e de sexualidade, matemática e antropologia.
Gênero, não binariedade e colonialidade
Authors: Kravutschke Bogdanovicz Fabiane , Dos Santos Kátia Alexsandra
Published: March 2024

Este trabalho parte de uma pesquisa de mestrado que objetiva analisar gênero, masculinidades e dispositivos legais brasileiros destinados a homens autores de violência doméstica, em uma leitura decolonial. Aqui são expostos entendimentos sobre gênero construídos a partir da revisão bibliográfica, com ênfase na não binariedade, embasando-se nas perspectivas decoloniais, com o conceito da colonialidade de gênero. Compreendem-se as categorias de raça e gênero como construções de dominação coloniais, colocadas sobre diferenças físicas aparentes, pois os corpos humanos são plurais e diversos. Ainda que a diversidade de gênero seja amplamente constatada anteriormente à colonização, o projeto colonial, ao falhar na aniquilação dessa pluralidade, produz também categorias para dar conta dessas existências que lhes fogem do controle. Esses constructos objetivam reproduzir um modo de ser europeu, transformando a vida dos povos colonizados com opressão racial e de gênero, que se mantém até hoje.
Projetos de lei brasileiros sobre linguagem não-binária
Authors: Ferreira de Melo Iran , Paraiso Gustavo José Barbosa
Published: March 2024

Este artigo é parte das práticas de socialização da pesquisa Linguagem não-binária no Brasil: disputas e tensões em discursos legislativos, que tem como objetivo identificar a construção de sentido sobre a linguagem não-binária de gênero em textos legislativos brasileiros (projetos de lei federais e estaduais) proibicionistas sobre esse uso linguístico. Em princípio, fizemos leitura bibliográfica das referências e realizamos a coleta do corpus. Identificamos as informações referentes à produção e circulação dos dados coletados e analisamos dados contextuais demonstrando que atualmente tramitam quinze projetos de lei na câmara federal e quarenta e oito projetos nas assembleias legislativas de todos os estados e do Distrito Federal. Em suas ementas observamos o predomínio de justificativas que impedem a linguagem não-binária argumentando que ela prejudica o ensino do português brasileiro, bem como ameaça o uso de nosso idioma.
“Pane no cistema”
Authors: Morais HBlynda
Published: March 2024

O presente artigo tem por objetivo analisar cinco perfis da rede social Instagram com produção de conteúdos acerca da comunidade não binária. Os perfis utilizados foram: Coletivo Trans Não-Binárie (@coletivotransnaobinarie), Rexistência Não-Binária (@rexistencianaobinaria), Ser Não-Binário (@sernaobinario), Nick Nagari (@nicknagari) e Mar Facciolla (@mardemar.nb); todos eles analisados entre 2021-2022. Essa investigação permite entender como a articulação deste movimento tem criado suas rotas de fuga, subvertendo as armadilhas do CIStema, com o qual rompem, colaborando com o protagonismo trans nas redes. Aqui, debato até que ponto conseguimos cruzar a História com a não binariedade, compreendendo as disputas que há nas narrativas e nos discursos para que construamos histórias não binárias ou uma História da não binariedade no Brasil. Utilizo como aporte teórico: Cristiane Dias (2018), Maria Lugones (2014), Guacira Lopes Louro (2004), Megg Rayara Gomes de Oliveira (2020), Jota Mombaça (2021), Letícia Nascimento (2021), Fernando Seffner (2021), atrelada à Autobixografia (Thallys Mann, 2020) como ferramenta metodológica e minha escrevivência enquanto pessoa não binária para construção das narrativas. Assim, pretendo contribuir ao campo historiográfico dos estudos trans no nosso país.
“Mona, eu não tenho que te dar aula”
Authors: Padilha da Silva Ana Carolina
Published: March 2024

Apesar das recentes mudanças e avanços sociais e políticos que as pessoas não binárias vêm conquistando nos últimos anos, adotar essa identidade de gênero no Brasil ainda representa enfrentar grandes desafios, tão presentes nas populações trans: a falta de reconhecimento social (inclusive dentro da comunidade LGBTQIAP+), a invisibilização das demandas específicas em cuidado de saúde (física, mental e social), as diferentes formas de transfobia e o isolamento social e afetivo. Na primeira parte deste artigo, a partir do relato de minha experiência no mestrado em Psicologia Social na Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, discutiremos acerca da importância de uma formação qualificada e atualizada nas questões de gênero e sexualidade nas graduações e pós-graduações de psicologia. Na segunda parte, a partir da narrativa da história de Mab (pessoa não binária que participou da fase de campo da pesquisa), observaremos os dilemas da fluidez e das interpelações sociais na construção da identidade não binária.
Ética sapatão
Authors: Motter Julianna Paz Japiassu
Published: March 2024

Este artigo apresenta uma articulação teórica com o objetivo de construir uma noção do que pode vir a ser uma Ética Sapatão apta a desafiar as normas historicamente estabelecidas em torno de quem pode vir a ser a lésbica e/ou a sapatona, buscando reconhecer a pluralidade de experiências, vivências e (des)identificações dentro das lesbianidades e sapatonices. A partir de uma perspectiva crítica, o estudo destaca a importância de romper com a cisgeneridade como base para a definição dessas (des)identidades. Através do estabelecimento dessa Ética Sapatão, o artigo pretende tensionar o lugar das lesbianidades e sapatonices na construção de outros mundos (im)possíveis. Através de discussões teóricas que abranjam as éticas, em suas dimensões epistemológicas e ontológicas, o artigo tem como intenção, também, trazer à superfície as armadilhas identitárias e, simultaneamente, (re)localizar o lugar des sujeites nos desafios das atualidades.
Titelbild: Supramolekulare Aggregate auf Basis dendritischer Multischalenarchitekturen als universelle Nanotransporter (Angew. Chem. 8/2007)
Authors: Radowski Michał R. , Shukla Anuj , von Berlepsch Hans , Böttcher Christoph , Pickaert Guillaume , Rehage Heinz , Haag Rainer
Published: February 2007

Chemische Chamäleons sind eine neue Klasse dendritischer Multischalenarchitekturen, die universelle Transportfähigkeiten für unterschiedlichste Gastmoleküle in einer Bandbreite von Lösungsmittelumgebungen aufweisen. In ihrer Zuschrift auf S. 1287 ff. beschreiben R. Haag et al. ein supramolekulares Aggregationsphänomen, das für das einzigartige Vermögen dieser dendritischen Multischalenarchitekturen zum Transport von polaren wie unpolaren Gastmolekülen ausschlaggebend ist.
Innentitelbild: Structural and Compositional Control in {M12} Cobalt and Nickel Coordination Clusters Detected Magnetochemically and with Cryospray Mass Spectrometry (Angew. Chem. 8/2007)
Authors: Cooper Geoffrey J. T. , Newton Graham N. , Kögerler Paul , Long De‐Liang , Engelhardt Larry , Luban Marshall , Cronin Leroy
Published: February 2007

Koordinationscluster aus drei verknüpften M4 O4 ‐Cubanen wurden synthetisiert. Die gebildeten isostrukturellen {Ni12 }‐(siehe Bild)und {Co12}‐Kationen sowie die gemischten Cluster wurden anhand der ferro‐und antiferromagnetischen Kopplung charakterisiert. Die Zusammensetzung der Clusterkomplexe wurde durch Tieftemperatur‐Elektrospray‐Massenspektrometrie bestätigt. Mehr über diese Verbindungen ist in der Zuschrift von P. Kögerler, L. Cronin et al. auf S. 1362ff. zu finden.
Magnetic Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Protection, Functionalization, and Application
Authors: Lu An‐Hui , Salabas E. L. , Schüth Ferdi
Published: February 2007

This review focuses on the synthesis, protection, functionalization, and application of magnetic nanoparticles, as well as the magnetic properties of nanostructured systems. Substantial progress in the size and shape control of magnetic nanoparticles has been made by developing methods such as co‐precipitation, thermal decomposition and/or reduction, micelle synthesis, and hydrothermal synthesis. A major challenge still is protection against corrosion, and therefore suitable protection strategies will be emphasized, for example, surfactant/polymer coating, silica coating and carbon coating of magnetic nanoparticles or embedding them in a matrix/support. Properly protected magnetic nanoparticles can be used as building blocks for the fabrication of various functional systems, and their application in catalysis and biotechnology will be briefly reviewed. Finally, some future trends and perspectives in these research areas will be outlined.
Cover Picture: Supramolecular Aggregates of Dendritic Multishell Architectures as Universal Nanocarriers (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 8/2007)
Authors: Radowski Michał R. , Shukla Anuj , von Berlepsch Hans , Böttcher Christoph , Pickaert Guillaume , Rehage Heinz , Haag Rainer
Published: February 2007

Chemical chameleons is an apt description for a new class of dendritic multishell architectures that exhibit universal transport properties for a variety of guest molecules in a broad range of solvent environments. In their Communication on page 1265 ff., R. Haag and co‐workers describe a supramolecular aggregation phenomenon that is responsible for the unique ability of these dendritic multishell architectures to encapsulate polar and nonpolar guests.
Inside Cover Picture: Structural and Compositional Control in {M12} Cobalt and Nickel Coordination Clusters Detected Magnetochemically and with Cryospray Mass Spectrometry (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 8/2007)
Authors: Cooper Geoffrey J. T. , Newton Graham N. , Kögerler Paul , Long De‐Liang , Engelhardt Larry , Luban Marshall , Cronin Leroy
Published: February 2007

Coordination clusters comprising three linked M4 O4 cubanes are prepared. The resulting isostructural {Ni12 } (see picture) and {Co12} cations, as well as mixed‐metal structures, are characterized by ferro‐and antiferromagnetic coupling. The composition of the cluster complexes was confirmed by low‐temperature electrospray mass spectrometry. For more information on these species, see the Communication by P. Kögerler, L. Cronin, and co‐workers on page 1340ff.
Effect of diacid stabilizers on kinetics of hydrolytic polymerization of ϵ‐caprolactam in industrial reactors
Authors: Agrawal Ashwini K. , Gupta Deepak K. , Devika Kotilingam , Manabe Tomonobu
Published: February 2007

The rate constants in hydrolytic polymerization of ε‐caprolactam are dependent on the concentration of carboxylic acid groups in the reaction medium. Therefore, the use of diacid stabilizers for regulating molecular weight are likely to have favorable effect on the kinetics of polymerization compared to monoacid stabilizers, which are traditionally used in such polymerizations. To understand the kinetics of polymerization in the presence of diacid stabilizer compared to monoacid stabilizer, mathematical kinetic models were developed using the end group approach. These models were used to quantify the effect of both stabilizers on nylon‐6 synthesis in a closed isothermal batch reactor at different temperatures in the range of 245–265°C. The kinetic model for the diacid‐stabilized system was then extended to an industrial VK tube reactor using the process model developed earlier for the monoacid stabilized system. Both the mathematical modeling and experimental results showed that the presence of diacid stabilizer could significantly enhance the overall kinetics of the reaction compared to the monoacid stabilized system and in turn, resulted in reduction of the polymerization time by about 20–25%. The study suggests that diacid stabilizers may be used preferably over monoacid stabilizers in synthesis of nylon‐6 to reduce the cost of polymerization. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007
Thermodynamic studies related to emulsion polymerization
Authors: Balashova Ida M. , Galdámez J. Román , Danner Ronald P. , Duda J. Larry
Published: February 2007

Liquid–liquid and vapor–liquid phase equilibria for the binary, ternary, and quaternary systems of vinyl acetate, surfactant, water, and poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc) were obtained using liquid–liquid equilibria, inverse gas chromatography, and the headspace methods. The Flory–Huggins interaction parameters for the different species in the emulsion polymerization of PVAc latices are reported. These parameters could not be used to predict the phase equilibria because of their strong dependence on concentration. The UNIFAC‐vdW‐FV model was applied to predict the vapor–liquid equilibria in the binary and ternary systems containing vinyl acetate, 4‐nonylphenol polyethoxilate surfactant, and PVAc. The predicted results compare favorably with the experimental data for all systems. Diffusion coefficients were also measured for the solvents in the PVAc. Analysis confirmed that the diffusion in the latex particles was so fast compared to the reaction that the assumption of uniform monomer composition through the particles was valid. On the other hand, the results indicate that the complex thermodynamic interactions will lead to changes with time in the monomer concentration in the reacting polymer phase. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007