bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Harninkontinenz bei geriatrischen Patienten: Hilfsmittel, qualifizierte Pflegekraft und Harnblasenlangzeitdrainage
Authors: Wiedemann Andreas , Becher Klaus , Bojack Barbara , Ege Sigrid , von der Heide Silke , Kirschner-Hermanns Ruth
Published: November 2019

Einleitung 1/2019 wurde ein update der seit 2005 in AWMF eingestellten und fortlaufend aktualisierten Leitlinie „Harninkontinenz bei geriatrischen Patienten – Diagnostik und Therapie“ durch die interdisziplinäre Arbeitsgruppe „Harninkontinenz“ der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Geriatrie (DGG) publiziert. Aus dieser Leitlinie, die als offizielle Leitlinie DGG akkreditiert ist, stellt der vorliegende Artikel das Kapitel „Hilfsmittel, qualifizierte Pflegekraft, Harnblasenlangzeitdrainage“ dar.

Methodik In einem strukturierten Bewertungsprozess identifizierte eine Literaturrecherche zunächst die vorhandene Literatur im Kontext des „geriatrischen Patienten“, wie er als zumeist über 70jährig und multimorbid oder über 80jährig durch die Fachgesellschaften definiert ist. Primäre Berücksichtigung fanden randomisierte, doppelblinde, plazebokontrollierte Studien sowie bereits vorhandene Leitlinien zum Thema. Wo keine solchen Untersuchungen vorlagen oder aus methodischen Gründen prinzipiell nicht durchführbar sind, wurden auch Publikationen anderen Designs (nicht randomisierte Untersuchungen, Fallkontrollstudien) zur Leitlinienerstellung herangezogen. Die daraus resultierenden Leitlinienempfehlungen wurden in einem strukturierten Abstimmungsprozess unterzogen; das Ergebnis ist in Prozent der zustimmenden Gruppenmitgliedern angegeben.

Ergebnisse Eine Hilfsmittelversorgung oder Harnblasenlangzeitdrainage per Kondomurinal, transurethralem oder suprapubischen Katheter kommt passager oder als Definitiv-Maßnahme dann in Frage, wenn andere Therapieformen nicht anwendbar sind oder nicht gewünscht werden. Der Einsatz einer qualifizierten Pflegekraft ist mit nicht-pharmakologischen Interventionen wirksam und ist bei beratungsintensiven Therapieformen wie dem Toilettentraining oder einer Hilfsmittelanpassung oder der Restharnbestimmung sinnvoll.

Schlussfolgerungen Besonders in Einrichtungen, die eine Vielzahl von inkontinenten geriatrischen Patienten betreuen, ist der abgestimmte Einsatz von spezialisierten Pflegekräften sinnvoll. Unter bestimmten Bedingungen stellt auch eine Palliativversorgung einer Harninkontinenz eine Therapiemaßnahme im Kontext der geriatrischen Inkontinenzbehandlung dar.
Sich selbst und andere schätzen
Authors: Brand-Hörsting Birgit
Published: November 2019

Wie verständigen Sie sich mit Ihrem inneren Kritiker, wie mit dem inneren Entscheider und wodurch unterscheiden sich eigentlich Wertschätzung und Anerkennung? Hier finden Sie die Antworten – mit vielen praktischen Beispielen.
„Da muss sich jemand anders kümmern“ – Die medizinische Versorgung von Asylsuchenden als Herausforderung für eine bio-psycho-soziale Medizin
Authors: Führer Amand
Published: November 2019

Ziel der Studie Die Medizin wird verschiedentlich dafür kritisiert, die biologischen Facetten von Gesundheit und Krankheit gegenüber gesellschaftlichen Einflüssen zu privilegieren. Gegen diesen Vorwurf hat sich in den letzten Jahrzehnten ein medizintheoretischer Ansatz etabliert, der ein bio-psycho-soziales Krankheitskonzept vertritt. Dieser Artikel nutzt ethnografische Perspektiven auf die medizinische Versorgung von Asylsuchenden, um zu untersuchen, inwiefern die Prinzipien der bio-psycho-sozialen Medizin in Bezug auf die wissenschaftlich fundierte Berücksichtigung gesellschaftlicher Einflüsse auf die Gesundheit und Krankheit dieser Patientengruppe verwirklicht werden.

Methoden Dabei findet ein ethnografisches Methodenrepertoire mit narrativen Interviews, Leitfadeninterviews und teilnehmender Beobachtung Anwendung.

Ergebnisse Anhand des Umgangs mit den rechtlichen Rahmenbedingungen der medizinischen Versorgung von Asylsuchenden und mit Sprachinkongruenz wird gezeigt, dass es Ärzt/-innen regelmäßig nicht gelingt, die gesundheitsbezogene Lebenswelt dieser Patientengruppe adäquat und wissenschaftlichen Standards entsprechend in Diagnostik und Therapie zu berücksichtigen. Stattdessen rekurrieren sie im klinischen Alltag häufig auf improvisierte Lösungsansätze oder verschieben die Verantwortung auf andere, oft unbenannte Akteure.

Schlussfolgerung Sozialwissenschaftliche Ansätze, v. a. aus der Medizinanthropologie, könnten diese zu Versorgungsdefiziten führenden Schwierigkeiten beheben und sollten daher vermehrt in die ärztliche Aus- und Weiterbildung integriert werden. Dadurch könnten zudem theoretische und methodische Lücken geschlossen werden, die möglicherweise auch in der Versorgung anderer Patientengruppen bedeutsam sind.
Entwicklung der selbstberichteten Gesundheit über die Sekundarstufe: Ergebnisse des Nationalen Bildungspanels
Authors: Herke Max , Rathmann Katharina , Richter Matthias
Published: November 2019

Ziel der Studie Die selbstberichtete Gesundheit ist ein wichtiger Indikator für die aktuelle und zukünftige Gesundheit, doch fehlen auf Paneldaten basierende Befunde, die nach Hintergrundmerkmalen differenzierte Entwicklungen selbstberichteter Gesundheit Jugendlicher betrachten. Diese Arbeit untersucht die Entwicklung der selbstberichteten Gesundheit über die Sekundarstufe von der 5. bis 12. Klasse in Deutschland, und analysiert Unterschiede nach Indikatoren der sozio-ökonomischen Position und weiteren Hintergrundmerkmalen wie Geschlecht und Familienstruktur.

Methodik Daten der 5. bis 10. Klasse aus der Kohorte „Klasse 5“ sowie Daten der 9. bis 12. Klasse aus der Kohorte „Klasse 9“ des Nationalen Bildungspanels werden kombiniert. Wachstumskurvenmodelle auf Basis der Mehrebenenanalyse wurden verwendet, um das Niveau und den Verlauf der subjektiven Gesundheit zu untersuchen sowie Unterschiede nach Schultyp, Bildung der Eltern, Haushaltseinkommen, Geschlecht und Familienstruktur zu untersuchen. Das finale Modell enthält 28 987 Beobachtungen von 11 290 Individuen, verteilt auf 8 Messzeitpunkte.

Ergebnisse Die selbstberichtete Gesundheit nimmt von der 5. bis zur 12. Klasse leicht ab. Heranwachsende, die ein Gymnasium besuchen, in Haushalten mit höherem Einkommen oder bei Eltern mit höherem Bildungsstatus leben, berichten über eine bessere Gesundheit. Jungen sowie Heranwachsende, die in Kernfamilien aufwachsen, zeigen einen günstigeren Verlauf der selbstberichteten Gesundheit über die Sekundarstufe.

Schlussfolgerung Diese Studie bietet einen umfassenden Überblick über Veränderung/Verläufe der selbstberichteten Gesundheit von Jugendlichen in der Sekundarstufe. Neben den statischen Unterschieden nach Hintergrundmerkmalen haben zusätzlich Mädchen und Jugendliche die nicht in Kernfamilien leben auch eine schlechtere Prognose für die Entwicklung ihrer selbstberichteten Gesundheit über die Schullaufbahn.
Palladium-Catalyzed Hydroarylation of Diazocarboxylates and Diazophosphonates
Authors: Golitsin Sergey M. , Beletskaya Irina P. , Titanyuk Igor D.
Published: November 2019

A simple synthetic procedure for the Pd-catalyzed hydro­arylation of diazoacetic ester has been previously developed in our laboratory. Now we have applied this methodology for hydroarylation of α-diazocarboxylates/α-diazophosphonates. Diazo compounds reacted with aryl iodides and formic acid to afford diarylated esters or phosphonates in yields up to 71%.
Palladium-Catalyzed Oxidative Annulation of Pyrrolylalkyl-1H-azoles: Towards the Synthesis of Polyheterocyclic Arenes
Authors: Tripathi Krishna N. , Bansode Avinash H. , Singh Ravi P.
Published: November 2019

A highly efficient and regioselective palladium-catalyzed annulation protocol for a series of linear and terminally substituted 1,2- and 1,3-di(heteroaryl)alkanes to the corresponding polyheterocyclic arenes is reported. Herein, intramolecular oxidative coupling involving double C(sp2)–H bond functionalization provides a feasible access to biheteroaryl systems annulated to a six-membered ring. The methodology is not restricted to six-membered annulations and was extended to the synthesis of compounds with a seven-membered ring and biheteroaryl core.
Extreme Neonatal Hypernatremia and Acute Kidney Injury Associated with Failure of Lactation
Authors: Tomarelli Gianfranco , Arriagada Daniela , Donoso Alejandro , Diaz Franco
Published: November 2019

Hypoalimentation is an important cause of hypernatremic dehydration in neonates; however, extreme values of plasma sodium make it necessary to investigate the differential diagnosis. We report the case of a 20-day-old newborn who was admitted with severe hypernatremic dehydration, with plasma sodium of 213 mEq/L and oliguric acute renal failure. The patient was treated with intravenous fluids for correction of dehydration and peritoneal dialysis for adequate sodium correction. During the etiological study, a 10-fold increase in the concentration of sodium in breast milk was detected. Peritoneal dialysis was an effective therapy in the management of the extreme hypernatremia with sodium correction within the recommended rate. At the 1-year follow-up appointment, the child had normal renal function, normal for age psychomotor development, and neurological physical was unremarkable. In conclusion, we report a case of an unusual extreme hypernatremia with discussion of the underlying pathophysiology and, more importantly, the effective treatment with a mixed approach with intravenous fluids and peritoneal dialysis.
One-step solution synthesis of white-light-emitting films via dimensionality control of the Cs–Cu–I system
Authors: Jun Taehwan , Handa Taketo , Sim Kihyung , Iimura Soshi , Sasase Masato , Kim Junghwan , Kanemitsu Yoshihiko , Hosono Hideo
Published: November 2019

Low-dimensional lead-free luminescent halides have emerged as highly promising phosphors for white-light emission. Recently, we reported a broadband blue-emitting copper(I) iodide-based material, Cs3Cu2I5, with a high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) (∼90%) and a zero-dimensional nature, providing significant dimensionality for the photoactive site. However, this material is insufficient as a white-light emitter owing to the deficient yellow emission. In this paper, we report a novel yellow luminescent phosphor, CsCu2I3, with a 1D structure for the photoactive site. This material exhibits a broadband emission centered at ∼560 nm with a PLQY of ∼8%. We demonstrate a thin film with white-light emission that can be fabricated using one-step spin-coating of a mixed precursor solution of 1D CsCu2I3 (yellow) and 0D Cs3Cu2I5 (blue).
Thermal analysis for hybrid nanofluid past a cylinder exposed to magnetic field
Authors: Alharbi Sayer Obaid , Nawaz M. , Nazir U.
Published: November 2019

This work has developed mathematical models for thermal transport by treating Al2O3 as nanoparticles of a single type and Al2O3 and Cu as hybrid nanoparticles in a hyperbolic tangent fluid. The solution for the developed mathematical models is computed by FEM in order to compare the thermal performances of the nanofluid and hybrid nanofluid. The convergence, error, and mesh-free analyses are carried out to get physically realistic solutions so that useful information about the underlying thermal physics is extracted. Numerical experiments revealed that the momentum of stretching of the cylinder diffuses faster in a nanofluid than in a hybrid nanofluid. The heat generation rate in the hybrid nanofluid is higher than that in a nanofluid. Simulated results have also revealed that the thermal performance of the hybrid nanofluid is better than that of the nanofluid. Therefore, dispersing hybrid nanoparticles (combination of Cu and Al2O3) in a hyperbolic tangent fluid is recommended for efficient working fluids. Surprisingly, the wall shear stress for the hybrid nanofluid is higher than that of the nanofluid. Numerical data extracted from numerical experiments revealed that the wall heat transfer rate for a hybrid nanofluid is higher than that of the nanofluid. It is also observed that the rate of generation of heat in the hybrid nanofluid is greater than the rate of generation of heat in a nanofluid, which is a drawback of the hybrid nanofluid when it is treated as a coolant. The diffusion of the wall momentum in hybrid nanofluids is less than that in nanofluids. The hybrid nanofluid is a more efficient working fluid because of its high thermal performance when compared with the nanofluid. The intensity of the magnetic field causes a significant reduction in the flow and has a remarkable impact on the momentum boundary layer thickness.
Temperature induced shift of electronic band structure in Fe(Se,Te)
Authors: Pustovit Yu. V. , Kordyuk A. A.
Published: November 2019

FeSe, the simplest iron-based superconductor, reveals a variety of puzzling properties and features that could hold a key for the pairing mechanism in this family of superconductors. In particular, it’s complex electronic band structure differs essentially from the DFT calculated one in a specially way called the “red-blue shift” and, in addition, drifts anomalously with temperature. Here we study this band structure evolution in Fe(Se,Te) crystals and reveal essential downdrift of all the hole-like bands with increasing temperature, which is opposite to the “red-blue shift” expectation. We show that this drift cannot be described by temperature-dependent contribution to quasiparticle self-energy within the Fermi-liquid concept but could result in charge redistribution between the bulk and topological surface states. If such a scenario is confirmed, one can tune the topologically non-trivial bands near the Fermi level with temperature, potentially allowing temperature-induced crossover between different Fermi surface topologies.
Diatom–water quality thresholds in South Australian streams indicate a need for more stringent water quality guidelines
Authors: Tibby J. , Richards J. , Tyler J. J. , Barr C. , Fluin J. , Goonan P.
Published: November 2019

Water quality guidelines are an important tool that guide stream protection. In South Australia, as in other Australian states, guidelines have been set using statistical properties of physical and chemical stressors in reference streams. Given that water quality guidelines are designed to protect ecosystems, biologically based guidelines are more desirable. In this context, we investigated diatom–water quality relationships in South Australian streams. Our analysis focused on electrical conductivity (EC) and total phosphorus (TP), which explained significant variance in diatom assemblages. Threshold indicator taxa analysis was conducted to determine thresholds of diatom community change along EC and TP gradients. There were significant declines in the relative abundance of sensitive species at an EC of ~280μScm–1 and a TP concentration of 30μgL–1. The TP threshold is considerably lower than the trigger value in South Australia’s guidelines (100μgTPL–1). The change in species composition in relation to EC is considerably lower than the upper limit of the water quality guidelines (which range from 100 to 5000μScm–1). Hence, particularly in the case of TP, but also for EC, the current water quality guideline trigger values are too high in South Australia, and indeed in other temperate Australian states.
In vitro production of horse embryos predisposes to micronucleus formation, whereas time to blastocyst formation affects likelihood of pregnancy
Authors: Ducheyne Kaatje D. , Rizzo Marilena , Cuervo-Arango Juan , Claes Anthony , Daels Peter F. , Stout Tom A. E. , de Ruijter-Villani Marta
Published: November 2019

Invitro embryo production is an increasingly popular means of breeding horses. However, success is limited by a high incidence of early embryo loss. Although there are various possible causes of pregnancy failure, chromosomal abnormalities, including aneuploidy, are important potential contributors. This study evaluated the frequency of micronucleus formation as a proxy for aneuploidy in invitro-produced (IVP) and invivo-derived horse blastocysts. Associations between IVP embryo morphology, frequency of nuclear abnormalities and the likelihood of pregnancy were investigated. IVP blastocysts exhibited a higher frequency of cells with micronuclei than invivo-derived embryos (10% vs 1% respectively; P=0.05). This indication of chromosomal instability may explain the higher incidence of pregnancy failure after transfer of IVP embryos. However, the frequency of micronuclei was not correlated with brightfield microscopic morphological characteristics. Nevertheless, IVP embryos reaching the blastocyst stage after Day 9 of invitro culture were less likely to yield a pregnancy than embryos that developed to blastocysts before Day 9 (27% vs 69%), and embryos that had expanded before transfer were more likely to undergo embryonic death than those that had not expanded (44% vs 10%). These findings indicate that current embryo culture conditions are suboptimal and that the speed of embryo development is correlated with pregnancy survival.
Critical role for TRIM28 and HP1β/γ in the epigenetic control of T cell metabolic reprograming and effector differentiation
Authors: Gehrmann Ulf , Burbage Marianne , Zueva Elina , Goudot Christel , Esnault Cyril , Ye Mengliang , Carpier Jean-Marie , Burgdorf Nina , Hoyler Thomas , Suarez Guadalupe , Joannas Leonel , Heurtebise-Chrétien Sandrine , Durand Sylvère , Panes Rébecca , Bellemare-Pelletier Angélique , Sáez Pablo J. , Aprahamian Fanny , Lefevre Deborah , Adoue Veronique , Zine El Aabidine Amal , Muhammad Ahmad Maqbool , Hivroz Claire , Joffre Olivier , Cammas Florence , Kroemer Guido , Gagnon Etienne , Andrau Jean-Christophe , Amigorena Sebastian
Published: November 2019

Naive CD4
+
T lymphocytes differentiate into different effector types, including helper and regulatory cells (Th and Treg, respectively). Heritable gene expression programs that define these effector types are established during differentiation, but little is known about the epigenetic mechanisms that install and maintain these programs. Here, we use mice defective for different components of heterochromatin-dependent gene silencing to investigate the epigenetic control of CD4
+
T cell plasticity. We show that, upon T cell receptor (TCR) engagement, naive and regulatory T cells defective for TRIM28 (an epigenetic adaptor for histone binding modules) or for heterochromatin protein 1 β and γ isoforms (HP1β/γ, 2 histone-binding factors involved in gene silencing) fail to effectively signal through the PI3K–AKT–mTOR axis and switch to glycolysis. While differentiation of naive TRIM28
−/−
T cells into cytokine-producing effector T cells is impaired, resulting in reduced induction of autoimmune colitis, TRIM28
−/−
regulatory T cells also fail to expand in vivo and to suppress autoimmunity effectively. Using a combination of transcriptome and chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequencing (ChIP-seq) analyses for H3K9me3, H3K9Ac, and RNA polymerase II, we show that reduced effector differentiation correlates with impaired transcriptional silencing at distal regulatory regions of a defined set of Treg-associated genes, including, for example, NRP1 or Snai3. We conclude that TRIM28 and HP1β/γ control metabolic reprograming through epigenetic silencing of a defined set of Treg-characteristic genes, thus allowing effective T cell expansion and differentiation into helper and regulatory phenotypes.
β2* nAChRs on VTA dopamine and GABA neurons separately mediate nicotine aversion and reward
Authors: Grieder Taryn E. , Besson Morgane , Maal-Bared Geith , Pons Stéphanie , Maskos Uwe , van der Kooy Derek
Published: November 2019

Significance

Nicotine addiction that results from long-term smoking is a worldwide health epidemic. Here we show that nicotinic receptors containing specific subunits, located in the brain reward system, mediate the experience of both the acute rewarding and aversive effects of nicotine, depending on which neurons they are located. These results provide contradictory evidence to the popularly held belief that the brain dopaminergic system exclusively mediates the rewarding effects of abused drugs, instead providing evidence that the aversive motivational effects of nicotine are signaled through this system as well. Our results lead to a better understanding of the neurobiological substrates of nicotine reward and aversion and thus may lead to new possible targets for pharmacotherapeutic treatments of tobacco addiction.
BBX4, a phyB-interacting and modulated regulator, directly interacts with PIF3 to fine tune red light-mediated photomorphogenesis
Authors: Heng Yueqin , Jiang Yan , Zhao Xianhai , Zhou Hua , Wang Xuncheng , Deng Xing Wang , Xu Dongqing
Published: November 2019

Significance

Phytochrome B (phyB) is the predominant red light photoreceptor that transduces red light signals to downstream signaling. On red light exposure, photoactivated phyB interacts with a transcription factor termed PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR 3 (PIF3), a repressor of red light signaling, triggering its rapid phosphorylation and subsequent degradation. Thus, phyB-PIF3 defines a critical regulatory hub for red light-mediated seedling development. In this study, we show that B-BOX CONTAINING PROTEIN 4 (BBX4) is a key component involved in the phyB-PIF3 regulatory module. phyB directly interacts with BBX4 and positively controls the abundance of BBX4 in red light. Accumulated BBX4 directly interacts with PIF3 to inhibit its transcriptional activation activity toward target genes, thereby promoting photomorphogenesis.
Green areas as an element of sustainable development in urban settlements
Authors: Potapova E V , Sokolova O E , Barkhatova O A
Published: November 2019

The authors propose a number of indicators of green areas and objects of gardening as proxies for sustainable development: closeness of crowns, soil sodification, a protective cover of herbaceous plants, and a one-time recreational load. The article provides a brief explanation on the inability to use some classical indicators, such as species diversity, biomass, etc. on the territories of some settlements.
Accounting for the fertility of land resources as a factor in the sustainable development of the Kursk region
Authors: Bobovnikova T , Vorozheykina T
Published: November 2019

The article deals with the problems of accounting for the fertility of land resources. The analysis shows that the most fertile soils (black soils) are under the threat of degradation. In the Kursk region, a negative balance of nutrient removal is observed annually. Growth in crop production is due to a decrease in soil fertility, as a result of an irrational farming system. Therefore, technologies that contribute to the preservation and improvement of land fertility should be used for the effective use of land resources in the Kursk region. The results of our study confirm the need to make adjustments to the current system of organization of agricultural production by improving the accounting system.
Analysis of the world lettuce market
Authors: Shatilov M V , Razin A F , Ivanova M I
Published: November 2019

The article presents an analysis of the lettuce market (Lactucasativa L.) as one of the most economically important leafy vegetable crops in the world and the Russian Federation. In human nutrition, the value of lettuce is determined by those properties that are recognized as health-improving due to the high content of vitamin C, polyphenols, and fiber. The paper roves the effect of lettuce in the prevention of cardiovascular disease. It also shows the production performance of world lettuce production, including information about countries that have a significant share in global production. The authors consider the interstate exchange of lettuce products, indicating the volume of exports and imports in value and volume terms. The leading countries with the maximum indicators of import and export in value terms are identified, and the maximum and minimum prices of purchase and sale among them for the period under review are indicated. Separately, imports and exports of lettuce in the Eurasian Economic Union are analyzed, indicating the States to which the countries of the Union export, as well as the share of each member country in exports and imports. A detailed analysis of Russia’s imports and exports, with allocation of the Federal districts having the greatest share, is carried out, and also the main directions with indication of the region of the country are discusses.
Effect of superabsorbing polymers on potato yield
Authors: Starovoitova O A , Manokhina A A , Pekhal’skij M I
Published: November 2019

Climate change is leading to an increase in drought, which is the largest abiotic stress factor leading to a decrease in crop yields. One of the methods in solving this problem is the use of superabsorbing polymers (SAPs) (China, USA, Canada, India, Italy, Iran, Poland, Turkey, and others). The aim of the research is to study the effect of using the superabsorbing polymers (cross-linked copolymer of potassium and ammonium salts of acrylic acid in the form of loose white granules) on the background of fractional-local application of mineral fertilizer to the crop formation. Field experience, accounting and observations were carried out in accordance with general requirements were used in our research. The studies were carried out in 2015-2017 on sod-podzolic sandy soil in the Lyubertsy district (Moscow region, Russia). When using superabsorbing polymers in an average of three years, the yield increased by 1.6…3.4 t/ha (5.5…Of 10.0%) for the studied cultivars; especially helpful was an early sortMeteorand a medium early varietyIrbitskiy. It is possible to recommend the use of superabsorbing polymers at a dose of 200 kg/ha when growing potatoes in conditions of moisture deficiency.
Enrichment of food products with local berry raw materials for the residents of border areas
Authors: Rybakova G , Gulenkova G , Chepeleva G
Published: November 2019

The article deals with topical issues of forming a range of functional foods with useful properties in the border areas. Also, the article considers the technological possibilities of introducing berry raw materials into traditional food products.
Vertical vegetable growing: creating tomato varieties for multi-tiered hydroponic installations
Authors: Balashova I , Sirota S , Pinchuk Ye
Published: November 2019

The relevance of vertical vegetable growing is due to the need to ensure an uninterrupted supply of food and reduce the cost of food production in terms of moving the majority of the population of the Earth into urban space. The market of vertical vegetable growing can be characterized as capacious and fast-growing. In the Russian Federation, this market is still developing. The main vegetable crops are not represented in it. The purpose of the study was to create tomato varieties for the vertical vegetable growing (multi-tiered hydroponic plants). For this purpose, a new approach to the breeding process was necessary, in which the variety would be considered as an element of the technological chain. A collection of 692 tomato samples served as our research material. Research methods included the following: creating a model of a new form of tomato for multi-tiered hydroponic structures; analyzing the genetic basis of the characteristic “short stature” in Solanum lycopersicum L.; conducting an individual selection from sporophyte variety populations; testing selected samples in a multi-tiered narrow-rack hydroponics installation; selecting the most large-fruited and productive samples; transferring new varieties to the State Variety Testing (GSI), and analyzing the economic efficiency of cultivating new varieties on multi-tiered hydroponic installation. As a result, in the Federal Scientific Center for Vegetable Growing, the first varieties of tomato vertical vegetables such as “Natasha” (Patent of the Russian Federation No. 9060) and “Timosha” (Patent of the Russian Federation No. 9059) were obtained. Our analysis of the economic efficiency of tomato cultivation on multi-tiered narrow-rack hydroponics demonstrated the convincing advantages of such a method of tomato cultivation as compared to the traditional cultivation method.
Development of the region’s pig production market based on the cluster approach
Authors: Mamaeva A , Vinokurov G
Published: November 2019

The pork production market is part of the food market, and increasing its competitiveness is a priority both in managing the agro-industrial complex in general and in the region in particular. Cluster interaction in the regional market of pig production is an important direction of its development, ensuring a full exchange of goods of appropriate quality between producers and consumers of pork production. In the proposed study, based on the analysis of statistical information, as well as surveys of consumers of pig production in the Irkutsk region (conducted in 2016), recommendations aimed at developing a regional production base for pig breeding were proposed. The development of a regional production base is proposed by expanding the existing industries, as well as by improving the breeding base of pig production in the region, creating a new model of cluster interaction between producers and consumers in the market under study. The formation of a regional pig cluster will increase the production of pork, open new channels for the sale of manufactured products, as well as start exporting to other regions.
Prospects for sustainable development of Russia: the case of eco-innovations
Authors: Imekova M , Boltanova E
Published: November 2019

The article discusses current global trends of sustainable development. Our research clearly demonstrates that environmental innovation is one of the main tools for such development. However, this tool is not widely spread in Russia, including among cross-border regions. The article identifies the causes and possible solutions to the current problem.
Indicators of the “green economy” as a tool for monitoring the regional economy
Authors: Adarina R , Gazukina Yu , Yankovskaya K
Published: November 2019

The paper draws attention to the need to measure a level of “green economy” for monitoring, which is part of the state regulation of the regional economy. The authors note the difficulties and problems in the formation of indicators, indices used for assessing a level of the “green economy” development. The paper proposes an approach for calculating the integral indicator, which can become an indicator of the regional economy, taking into account the contribution of economic, social, and environmental factors to achieving sustainable development.
Prospects for the socio-economic development of rural areas of the Altai territory
Authors: Vorobyova V , Vorobyov S , Sorokina A.
Published: November 2019

The paper substantiates the need for differentiation of regional policy measures regarding the directions of development of rural areas of different specialization. On the example of rural areas of the Altai region, the paper discusses the key issues of agricultural specialization, the main development directions of agriculture, social, and market infrastructure.
The impact of modernization on the formation of the poultry meat market in the Russian Federation
Authors: Barcho M Kh
Published: November 2019

Food production and meeting the needs of the population in high-quality food products are among the most important practical tasks of state importance. A significant contribution to the development of domestic agriculture makes poultry. For a short period of time (2001-2018), there was an increase in poultry meat production by 5.5 times and eggs by 27% in Russia. The main factor in increasing production in the poultry industry was the implementation of innovative processes and integrated technical and technological modernization. In order to maintain the momentum and continue the progressive development of poultry production, it is necessary to ensure that its competitiveness is increased, taking into account the existing and forecasted future challenges. In order to determine the impact of modernization processes on the formation of the poultry meat market, the article analyzed the dynamics of the number of new, modernized and reconstructed poultry facilities and estimated the volume of increase in poultry production for slaughter at these enterprises. The proposed measures of state support in terms of modernization of the industry, the implementation of which, in the author’s opinion, would contribute to the achievement of full provision of the domestic market for poultry products and the transformation of the sub-sector into an export-oriented business.
Effect of Micro SiC Addition on the Microstructure and Thermal Shock Resistance of 3D Printed Mullite Contained Ceramics
Authors: Man Yiran , Peng Zijun , Luo Xudong , Xie Zhipeng , Qu Dianli , Hu Xitong
Published: November 2019

Currently, mullite contained ceramics printed by DIW 3D printing cannot be used in a high temperature environment for multicycle. In the fields of environmental protection and filtration of high-temperature flue gas, 3D printed mullite contained ceramics is in widely demanded owing to the variety of structures. Thus, application of these products have been limited due to their low thermal shock resistance. In order to improve the thermal shock resistance of 3D printed mullite contained ceramics for high-temperature flue gas filter, in this work, the effect of SiC micron particles addition on the thermal shock resistance was investigated. The thermal shock behavior of 3D printed mullite ceramics was explored using a conventional water quenching technique. Furthermore, XRD and SEM were used for determining phase composition and microstructure evaluation, respectively.
Bending Strength of 3D-Printed Zirconia Ceramic Cellular Structures
Authors: Zhao Weiming , Wang Cao , Zhao Zhe
Published: November 2019

Cellular structure has been applied in lightweight engineering application because of its high specific strength, high modulus and low relative density. Here we used 3Y-TZP ceramic to realize two typical cellular structures, Kelvin and Octet-truss, through a novel digital light processing (DLP) 3D printing method. The strut size was changed systematically to generate structures with porosities in the range of 10% ∼ 80% and the bending strength of these structures were investigated and analyzed by three-point bending test.
Additive Manufacturing of Ceramic Products Based on Millimeter-Wave Heating
Authors: Egorov SV , Eremeev AG , Kholoptsev VV , Plotnikov IV , Rybakov KI , Sorokin AA , Bykov Yu V
Published: November 2019

Additive manufacturing of ceramic articles making use of concentrated energy flows attracts the research interest worldwide. While the application of laser beams faces serious problems associated with high temperature of sintering and low thermal conductivity of ceramics, layer-by-layer sintering by focused millimeter-wave radiation appears to be a promising method of additive manufacturing. This paper describes the studies of fast millimeter-wave sintering of yttria-stabilized zirconia and hydroxyapatite ceramics. Coefficients of the millimeter-wave absorption have been determined in broad frequency and temperature ranges. Rapid sintering of compacted ceramics samples was accomplished using volumetric microwave heating in a work chamber of a 24 GHz / 5 kW gyrotron system. In addition, using a 263 GHz / 1 kW cwgyrotron millimeter-wave source and a purposely designed electrodynamic focusing structure, radiation intensities of up to 20 kW/cm2could be achieved, which was sufficient for fast localized heating of ceramic layers to the solidification temperature. The results of a study of the microstructure and mechanical properties of the sintered ceramics are presented.
Design and Verification of Hot Pressing Die for Ceramic Matrix Composite Preform
Authors: Yu Jiang Zhuo , Hua Yang Jin , Lin Zhao Chun , Gao Ye , Xu Lv Xiao , Qi Zhe , Jiao Jian
Published: November 2019

Finite element analysis method, combined with experiments, has been employed to optimize the structure of die, which would be used to fabricate the ceramic matrix composite (CMC) preform. The contact property between bodies in dies (i.e., structure I and II designed in this paper) and analysis step were firstly defined based on the characteristics of force and heat transfer in the die. Hereafter, the stress distributions in dies and stress, pressure and temperature distributions in preforms were achieved, respectively. The outcomes demonstrate that the pressure transmission of the structure II was more efficient than that of the structure I, resulting in more even pressure on the preforms. Thus, the die II (i.e., the structure II) was utilized to fabricate the ceramic matrix composite preform. In addition, the performance of the preform II fabricated by the die II was detected through X-ray computed tomography, which indicates that the preform II has a compact and uniform internal structure. Therefore, the finite element analysis method should be regarded as a potential option for design and optimization of die.
Preparation and Characterization of Nanoporous Alumina as Ceramic Membrane Materials
Authors: Li Zongyuan , Pan Wei
Published: November 2019

To meet growing electricity demand and greenhouse gas emission limitation in the future, it is urgency to improve existing power plant more efficientand less CO2 emission. Oxygen combustion instead of air combustion is quite good to raise up the fossil fuels efficiency. And separation oxygen from the air by ionic conductance at high temperatures is promising in large fuel power plants. Ionic separation processes by ceramic dense membrane need a good support porous membranes with good mechanical and permeable property. Present research reports the porous alumina with nanoporous structure was prepared by vacuum filtration and rapid sintering as a kind of porous support layer in the oxygen ceramic separation membrane. The microstructure of nanoporous alumina was analysed, the mechanical properties and gas permeability were tested and compared with some conventional pore-former method made porous ceramics. The uniform nanopores alumina ceramics with both high strength and high permeability achieved by a vacuum filtrate and rapid sintering method is a candidate as the porous support application in fuel cell and gas separation field.
Sintering Behavior of Si3N4 Ceramics at Low Temperature in Air Atmosphere Furnace
Authors: Zhao Shixian , Wang Zhanmin , Li Lingfeng , Guo Ang , Wang Gang , Li Hongxia
Published: November 2019

Si3N4 ceramics have been densified in air atmosphere furnace at low temperatures of 1600∼1650°C with Li2O-Al2O3sintering additives. Molar ratio of 0.4∼1.6:1 of Li2O and Al2O3 were used to study the effects of additives on sintering behavior of Si3N4 materials. It is found that the densities of sintered samples increased and then decreased with the increase of molar ratio accordingly. Highest densities in excess of 95%oftheoretical are obtained with the ratio of 0.7:1. Densification process is accompanied by phase transformation. Therefore, the primarily phases in sintered specimens areβ-Si3N4and α-Si3N4, with a small amount of Si2N2O existed because of minor oxidation of the specimens during sintering. However, relatively low α- to βSi3N4 transformation (∼63%β-Si3N4) took place in the present densification conditions. The microstructures of the sintered samples exhibited typical β-Si3N4 elongated grain morphologies with small amount of homogeneously distributed residual pores. The sintered Si3N4 materials have the hardness of 14GPa and fracture toughness of 5.08MPa·m1/2, indicating a potential method for low-cost processing of Si3N4-basedceramics.
Electromagnetic Wave Absorption Properties of Cobalt-Containing Polymer-Derived SiCN Ceramics
Authors: Wang Shan , Mao Junjie , Liu Yu , Lin Xiao , Sheng Mingming , Zhao Cuncai , Zeeshan Shaan , Gong Hongyu , Zhang Yujun
Published: November 2019

PDCs-SiCN(Co) were composed by polymer-derived technique from polysilazane and Co nano-powder. XRD, SEM and hysteresis loops patterns show that there are magnetic Co nanoparticles and newly formed magnetic Co3C particles in the compound, which makes the composite possess the required impedance matching due to the combination of dielectric and magnetic properties, thus having certain microwave absorption properties. Electromagnetic wave absorbing performance of the PDCs-SiCN (Co) ceramics was discussed when the frequency range is 2-18GHz. PDCs-SiCN (Co) ceramics mixed with 5wt% of Co nanoparticles provides best electromagnetic wave absorption performance compared with other Co contained samples when the thickness is 2mm. The minimum RL is -8.3 dB at 16.7 GHz, this means that 85% of the incident electromagnetic waves enter the material at this frequency and are further depleted. The minimum reflection loss (RL) of all samples was decreased and its corresponding frequency was also changed with the increase of sample thickness. Bandwidth of microwave absorptivity exceeding 88% (RL< -9 dB) of sample which doped with 5wt% cobalt reaches 0.35 GHz when the thickness is 7mm. The results indicated that the prepared materials have certain microwave absorption properties and have potential application prospects in the field of microwave absorbing materials.
Microstructure and Failure Behavior of Double Anti-Oxidation Coating on SiCf/SiC-CMC
Authors: Huo Yanli , Liu Hailin , Yang Taisheng , Hu Chuanqi , Huang Xiaoting
Published: November 2019

In this paper, BN interfacial phase was prepared on SiC fiber surface and CVD SiC gradient coating was prepared on the surface of SiCf/SiC-CMCs composite. CVD SiC coatings were fabricated by the pyrolysis of methyltrichlorosilane (MTS) in hydrogen at a low pressure of 5-10kPa. The ratio of MTS to hydrogen is 1 to 12.Oxidation behaviour is examined by placing the material with coats in air. The oxidizing temperatures were varied from 100°C to 1200°C. Optical microscope and SEM were used to observe the surface morphology and microstructure of coatings. XRD was used to characterize the phase composition. The results indicated that the Oxidation of SiC/SiC-CMC is the most serious at 800°C. Tensile strength test shows that the fracture strength of the material is the lowest and with the increase of temperature to 1200°C, the tensile strength of the material increases. Tensile strength test shows that the fracture strength of the material is the lowest and with the increase of temperature to 1200°C, the tensile strength of the material increases.
Effect of Intrinsic Structure on Stability of Domestic SiC Fiber
Authors: Chen Mingwei , Qiu Haipeng , Xie Weijie
Published: November 2019

The morphology, structure and composition of three different SiC fibers were studied by SEM, XRD and elemental analysis techniques in this paper. The high temperature stability of SiC fiber bundles was also characterized. The results show that the intrinsic structure of domestic first, second, and third generation silicon carbide fibers possesses large differences. The above three fibers can be classified into high oxygen high carbon, low oxygen high carbon and near stoichiometric ratio according to the composition, and classified into amorphous, low crystallinity and high crystallinity according to the structure. The difference in composition and structural characteristics of the above fibers has a great influence on the comprehensive properties of SiC fibers, especially the oxidation resistance. The high temperature oxidation resistance of the first, second and third generation SiC fibers increases gradually, which provides material basis and technical support for the preparation of ceramic matrix composites suitable for hot end components of aero-engines with different thrust-weight ratios.
Effect of Particle Size Distribution on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of TiB2-SiC-Si Composites
Authors: Zhang Cuiping , You Tian , Zhao Ling , Xia Qian , Qin Zhaobo , Liu Yongyang , Ru Hongqiang , Wang Wei , Yue Xinyan
Published: November 2019

TiB2-SiC-Si ceramic composites were fabricated based on molten silicon infiltration method. The influence of particle size distribution of TiB2 on the microstructure and mechanical properties of TiB2-SiC-Si ceramic composites was studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electron universal testing machines, etc. The results showed that the composite consisted of TiB2, SiC and Si phases. The microstructure analysis showed that: the content of residual Si could be controlled less than 16 vol.% in the composite by particle size distribution. When the particle size distribution of TiB2 was 42:32:26, the TiB2-SiC-Si composite showed the optimum properties. The open porosity, volume density, Vickers-hardness, flexural strength and fracture toughness were 0.51%, 3.63 g/cm3, 17 GPa, 275 MPa and 5.7 MPa·m1/2, respectively.
Preparation and Properties of MgO-C Refractories Using Sucrose as Binder
Authors: Shi Tengteng , Zhu Ling , Yin Zhaoyu , Shen Xiulin , Lv Zhenfei , Wu Xiaowen , Min Xin , Liu Yan-gai , Fang Minghao , Huang Zhaohui
Published: November 2019

MgO-C refractories were prepared by using fused magnesia and flake graphite as main raw materials, adding metal aluminium powder as antioxidant, and using sucrose solution instead of phenolic resin as binder. The mechanical properties of MgO-C refractories obtained under different temperature conditions were studied and compared with those of phenolic resin bonded MgO-C refractories. The results show that CO2 and water vapor were mainly released from the solidified sucrose solution during the heating process, which can effectively solve the problem of harmful gases such as formaldehyde and phenol when the phenolic resin is heated. The MgO-C refractory material prepared by the sucrose solution as a binder has a good bonding strength after curing at 180 °C. The flexural strength and compressive strength of MgO-C refractories obtained by adding 6wt% sucrose solution are 4.90 MPa and 41 MPa. At high temperature, sucrose carbonization forms a strong carbon bonding, and the flexural strength of MgO-C refractories is 5.16 MPa and the compressive strength is 34 MPa, which is similar to the performance of the phenolic resin bonded MgO-C refractories.
In Situ Catalytic Synthesis of Si3N4 Nanowhiskers Reinforced SiC Refractories and Their High-Temperature Properties
Authors: Wang Sen , Zhang Haijun , Gu Yajun , Zhang Jun , Tian Liang , Liang Feng
Published: November 2019

Silicon nitride (Si3N4)–bonded silicon carbide (SiC) refractory (Si3N4-SiC) is one of the most important nonoxide refractories, but its mechanical properties still suffer from the residual Si. Herein, we report that the nitridation of Si and properties of Si3N4-SiC refractories can be improved by in-situ formed CoOx catalysts. The room-temperature modulus of rupture (MOR), high-temperature MOR, thermal shock resistance, and oxidation resistance of as-prepared Si3N4(w)-SiC refractories with catalysts were investigated. The results showed that CoOx catalysts enhanced the nitridation of Si powders and promoted the formation of Si3N4 whiskers. The high-temperature MOR at 1573 K of as-prepared refractories was improved by 30%, compared with samples without catalysts. Moreover, the thermal shock resistance and oxidation resistance of the former was remarkably higher than that of the latter. The improvement was attributed to in-situ formation of Si3N4 whiskers network structure in the samples due to the catalytic effects of CoOx catalysts.