bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genome-wide association study identifies genetic risk loci for adiposity in a Taiwanese population
Authors: Wong Henry Sung-Ching , Tsai Szu-Yi , Chu Hou-Wei , Lin Min-Rou , Lin Gan-Hong , Tai Yu-Ting , Shen Chen-Yang , Chang Wei-Chiao
Published: January 2022

Overweight and obese are risk factors for various diseases. In Taiwan, the combined prevalence of overweight and obesity has increased dramatically. Here, we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) on four adiposity traits, including body-mass index (BMI), body fat percentage (BF%), waist circumference (WC), and waist-hip ratio (WHR), using the data for more than 21,000 subjects in Taiwan Biobank. Associations were evaluated between 6,546,460 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and adiposity traits, yielding 13 genome-wide significant (GWS) adiposity-associated trait-loci pairs. A known gene,FTO, as well as two BF%-associated loci (GNPDA2-GABRG1[4p12] andRNU6-2-PIAS1[15q23]) were identified as pleiotropic effects. Moreover,RALGAPA1was found as a specific genetic predisposing factor to high BMI in a Taiwanese population. Compared to other populations, a slightly lower heritability of the four adiposity traits was found in our cohort. Surprisingly, we uncovered the importance of neural pathways that might influence BF%, WC and WHR in the Taiwanese (East Asian) population. Additionally, a moderate genetic correlation between the WHR and BMI (γg= 0.52;p= 2.37×10−9) was detected, suggesting different genetic determinants exist for abdominal adiposity and overall adiposity. In conclusion, the obesity-related genetic loci identified here provide new insights into the genetic underpinnings of adiposity in the Taiwanese population.
Variational quantum classifiers through the lens of the Hessian
Authors: Sen Pinaki , Bhatia Amandeep Singh , Bhangu Kamalpreet Singh , Elbeltagi Ahmed
Published: January 2022

In quantum computing, the variational quantum algorithms (VQAs) are well suited for finding optimal combinations of things in specific applications ranging from chemistry all the way to finance. The training of VQAs with gradient descent optimization algorithm has shown a good convergence. At an early stage, the simulation of variational quantum circuits on noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices suffers from noisy outputs. Just like classical deep learning, it also suffers from vanishing gradient problems. It is a realistic goal to study the topology of loss landscape, to visualize the curvature information and trainability of these circuits in the existence of vanishing gradients. In this paper, we calculate the Hessian and visualize the loss landscape of variational quantum classifiers at different points in parameter space. The curvature information of variational quantum classifiers (VQC) is interpreted and the loss function’s convergence is shown. It helps us better understand the behavior of variational quantum circuits to tackle optimization problems efficiently. We investigated the variational quantum classifiers via Hessian on quantum computers, starting with a simple 4-bit parity problem to gain insight into the practical behavior of Hessian, then thoroughly analyzed the behavior of Hessian’s eigenvalues on training the variational quantum classifier for the Diabetes dataset. Finally, we show how the adaptive Hessian learning rate can influence the convergence while training the variational circuits.
Field evaluation of the impact of cocoa swollen shoot virus disease infection on yield traits of different cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) clones in Ghana
Authors: Ofori Atta , Padi Francis K. , Ameyaw George A. , Dadzie Abu M. , Opoku-Agyeman Michael , Domfeh Owusu , Ansah Frank O.
Published: January 2022

Cocoa swollen shoot virus disease (CSSVD) is a major disease of cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) in Ghana and other West African countries that grow the crop. Attempts to develop resistant varieties since the discovery of the disease in 1936 have yielded little success. Recently, planting materials that are tolerant to the disease have been recommended for planting in areas with high CSSVD prevalence. However, the effect of CSSVD on yield component traits of most cacao clones including the tolerant varieties has not been well studied. To investigate the impact of CSSVD on these traits, reduction in bean weight (BW), number of beans per pod (NoBP) and dry bean yield (DBY) between symptomless and symptomatic trees, and disease incidence (DI) among 210 different cacao clones were evaluated. The clones were transplanted in June 2010 following a randomised complete block design with four replications consisting of three trees per clone per block. Response of the clones to CSSVD incidence had 180 of the genotypes having < 50% symptoms. Clones of Contanama, Iquitos, Marañon, Nanay and unknown derived from Upper Amazon parentage had less DI at the end of the study. The CSSVD effect (symptomless vs. symptomatic) was significant (p < 0.05) for DBY and NoBP, and the symptomless trees surpassed on average their symptomatic trees by 21.17% for DBY. Some of the best-performing clones identified under natural CSSVD infection were; COCA 3348/52 and GU 219/V among the underrepresented clones, B 36, ICS 40, NA 33 x IMC 67, T30/628, T60/887, T63/971, T 81/1879 and T 82/503 among those that combine high DBY with low yield reduction, and NA 124, T17/358, T35/78, T57/305, T63/971 x SCA 6, T65/239, T76/1835 and T82/2294 among those that combine high DBY with no disease incidence. Their inclusion in breeding programs that seek to develop resistant CSSVD varieties or deployment as planting materials in endemic areas to improve yield production in Ghana is recommended on the basis of the present observations.
New classification of superior semicircular canal dehiscence in HRCT
Authors: Waldeck Stephan , Lanfermann Heinrich , von Falck Christian , Froelich Matthias F. , Chapot René , Brockmann Marc , Overhoff Daniel
Published: January 2022

Background and purpose

The complex anatomy of the temporal bone is difficult to understand and constitutes a challenge in the daily diagnostic routine even for experienced neuroradiologists. In the context of otoneurological (oVEMP) and preoperative diagnostics, the diagnosis of superior semicircular canal dehiscence (SSCD) is of great importance for Ear, Nose, and Throat (ENT) specialists. The gold standard for this diagnosis is a high-resolution CT (HRCT) of the temporal bone. In order to correctly diagnose SSCD, special oblique reconstructions are necessary in addition to standard (axial, coronal, sagittal) reconstructions. We evaluated the frequency of diagnosis and its location in HRCT in correlation with otoneurological examination. From this analysis, we present a new SSCD classification. This classification yields the potential of a differentiated analysis of the patient’s clinical symptoms with correlation to the cross-sectional anatomy and may lead to a differentiated therapy approach.

Study design and setting

We evaluated 1370 temporal bone scans of patients with residual hearing and verified 343 superior semicircular canal dehiscence (SSCD). We conducted a subgroup analysis of these 343 HRCT scans displaying a SSCD and used them as a basis to create a classification.

Results

Three location types of SSCD were identified. These were anterior type 1, superior type 2 and posterior type 3. Type 2 were significantly more frequent in both sexes. SSCD at this location can be overlooked if diagnosis is performed only in the standard axial plane, since it can only be visualized by means of double oblique reconstruction. We present a standardized reconstruction algorithm.

Conclusion

In total, three types of SSCD with differing incidences can be extrapolated from the locations. Superior type 2 is the most frequent one. Both sexes are affected with roughly equal incidence. The use of standardized double oblique reconstruction algorithm ensures that all three types are diagnosed in the HRCT.
Influenza-induced Tpl2 expression within alveolar epithelial cells is dispensable for host viral control and anti-viral immunity
Authors: Wyatt Kara D. , Sarr Demba , Sakamoto Kaori , Watford Wendy T.
Published: January 2022

Tumor progression locus 2 (Tpl2) is a serine/threonine kinase that regulates the expression of inflammatory mediators in response to Toll-like receptors (TLR) and cytokine receptors. Global ablation of Tpl2 leads to severe disease in response to influenza A virus (IAV) infection, characterized by respiratory distress, and studies in bone marrow chimeric mice implicated Tpl2 in non-hematopoietic cells. Lung epithelial cells are primary targets and replicative niches of influenza viruses; however, the specific regulation of antiviral responses by Tpl2 within lung epithelial cells has not been investigated. Herein, we show that Tpl2 is basally expressed in primary airway epithelial cells and that its expression increases in both type I and type II airway epithelial cells (AECI and AECII) in response to influenza infection. We used Nkx2.1-cre to drive Tpl2 deletion within pulmonary epithelial cells to delineate epithelial cell-specific functions of Tpl2 during influenza infection in mice. Although modest increases in morbidity and mortality were attributed to cre-dependent deletion in lung epithelial cells, no alterations in host cytokine production or lung pathology were observed. In vitro, Tpl2 inhibition within the type I airway epithelial cell line, LET1, as well as genetic ablation in primary airway epithelial cells did not alter cytokine production. Overall, these findings establish that Tpl2-dependent defects in cells other than AECs are primarily responsible for the morbidity and mortality seen in influenza-infected mice with global Tpl2 ablation.
Comunicação acessível: democratizar o acesso à informação
Authors: Ribeiro Sofia
Published: January 2022

A comunicação é um elemento essencial nas relações entre as pessoas e as organizações, quer sejam privadas ou públicas, desempenhando um papel de facilitador para a democratização do acesso à informação.É comum referir-se à acessibilidade como “aquilo que pode ser alcançado”. Contudo, o presente artigo visa a reflexão sobre a comunicação acessível também como “aquilo que é fácil de entender”. Com efeito, para que a comunicação seja eficaz, é essencial que consiga derrubar as barreiras que impeçam as pessoas de perceber e lembrar uma mensagem.Como abordagem metodológica, apoiámo-nos no caso de estudo do programa Edifícios + Sustentáveis, recorrendo à análise qualitativa e quantitativa da acessibilidade do website, redes sociais e materiais digitais de apoio.
Amerindian Music
Authors: Weltak Marcel
Published: January 2022

The colonization of Suriname brought precious little benefit to the original inhabitants of the Surinamese jungle, the Amerindians. Of the original inhabitants there are now only 20,000 left living in Suriname divided among the members of the Trio, Wayana, Akurio, Kalina, and Arawak (Lokono) tribes. The first four groups are regarded as Carib Indians who inhabited northern South America. The 15,000 Kalina make up three quarters of Amerindian people living in Suriname, who live predominately along the coastal area. The Trio and Wayana live in the southern Sipaliwini district, along the border with Brazil and French Guiana. The Arawaks, the only non-Carib Indians, inhabit the central savannas of Suriname.
It discusses the music of religious feasts, devotional songs, and laments. The Kalini tribe’s instruments of the sambura drum and krawasie rattle are featured as is the role played by the pyjaiman (shaman).
Classifying Whiteness as “Contained Agency”
Authors: Anderson Wendy K. Z.
Published: January 2022

This chapter offers clarification as to how white nationalist women code whiteness into the epistemological foundations of digitally mediated communication protocols and communities which reify oppression through digital systems. Through an intersectional analysis of white nationalist women’s webspaces, this chapter elucidates as to how white nationalist women perpetuate “contained agency” through white feminism within white nationalist digital design (classifications and architecture) to clarify the architecture of gated digital communities. In response to concerns by scholars like Anna Zacejik, this chapter engages critical race theory to challenge how neoliberal, class-situated, white feminism reifies rather than engages multidimensional systems of oppression. Due to a lack of intersectional engagement, white women contain their empowerment through a narrow conception of “antagonists,” limiting political and structural implications for revolutionary change.
Introduction
Authors: Johnson Mark A.
Published: January 2022

IN 1902, BLACK BANDLEADER WILLIAM CHRISTOPHER HANDY, WHO HAD NOT yet achieved fame as the Father of the Blues, settled in Clarksdale, Mississippi. Before he became a famous musician and music producer, he took whatever work he could find to make ends meet, which sometimes resulted in seemingly unlikely alliances with white supremacists. “We were frequently hired … to furnish music for political rallies,” recalled Handy. At these rallies, Handy and his band of Black musicians had to “absorb a ‘passel’ of oratory of the brand served by some Southern politicians.” At this time, Mississippi’s race relations had grown especially violent as vigilante groups, like the Whitecaps, terrorized and murdered Black farmers. During Handy’s brief stay in Mississippi, white terrorists lynched hundreds of African Americans, seventeen of them within a small radius around Clarksdale. In this climate, Mississippians propelled politician and notorious white supremacist James K. Vardaman to prominence and the governorship....
“A Contest In Music”
Authors: Johnson Mark A.
Published: January 2022

African Americans used public spectacle and voting rights to express their politics on the prohibition issue in central Georgia. In 1885 and 1887, African Americans voted on the issue in Atlanta but they also hit the streets and turned out for the election day spectacle. By 1898, when Macon decided the issue for themselves, white southerners had become increasingly hostile to black voting rights, especially after the success of the People’s Party, the Wilmington Riots, and military mobilization for the Spanish-American War. These events heightened racial tensions. In the 1898 campaign, a spectacle-based political culture thrived, and African Americans continued to vote and participate in the spectacle. They even confronted and harassed white female prohibitionists on the streets, which would have been dangerous in the racial climate of the moment.
Introduction
Authors: Sepinwall Alyssa Goldstein
Published: January 2022

This chapter introduces the Haitian Revolution, the most important uprising by enslaved people in modern history. It surveys existing films on this event, and asks why there are not more. The chapter introduces the Revolution’s most famous icons, such as Toussaint Louverture, Boukman, Jean-Jacques Dessalines, Henri Christophe, and revolutionary precursor Makandal. It raises questions about inequities in film funding and how they prevent certain storylines about Black History from appearing on screen; it ties this to the problems that former slaveholding countries such as the U.S. and France have had in grappling with the subject of slavery. The chapter also notes the growing importance of historical video games in shaping popular memory about the past and highlights the existence of games about slave revolt in Saint-Domingue (the French colonial name for Haiti). Indeed, the chapter argues, video-game depictions of slave revolt are just as important to study as cinematic ones.
Black Lives Mattered in the Haitian Revolution
Authors: Sepinwall Alyssa Goldstein
Published: January 2022

This chapter examines the 2014 comedy Top Five, starring writer-director Chris Rock. Top Five centers on Rock’s character André Allen, a Black comedian and movie star promoting his new film Uprize!, an epic about the Haitian Revolution. The chapter analyzes Top Five alongside Rock’s interviews, tweets, and standup routines, to illustrate his using the Revolution as a symbol of whites’ ignorance regarding the history of slavery, as well as their discomfort with violence by Blacks (even when the latter were enslaved people yearning for freedom). The chapter argues that Rock, exemplifying the African American trickster tradition, appears to be joking when he is actually making a searing critique of Hollywood disinterest in making serious films about slavery and other painful chapters in Black History.
North American and European Games
Authors: Sepinwall Alyssa Goldstein
Published: January 2022

This chapter introduces the field of Historical Game Studies, and analyzes representations of the Haitian Revolution in video games. It treats historical video games as a site of popular historical memory, and argues that historians need to analyze them. The chapter also presents debates about gamifying slavery. It then scrutinizes games on Atlantic slavery (including MECC’s Freedom!, Mission US: Flight to Freedom, and Playing History 2 — Slave Trade), before turning to those specifically invoking slave revolt in Saint-Domingue (especially Ubisoft’s Assassin’s Creed: Liberation and Assassin’s Creed: Freedom Cry). The chapter considers Freedom Cry to be the best among this group, and it analyzes how it depicts colonial Saint-Domingue (Haiti) from the perspective of enslaved people. In addition, the chapter describes the creation of Freedom Cry (including interviews with individuals involved) and its reception among gamers (particularly Haitian Americans and African Americans).
Conclusion
Authors: Sepinwall Alyssa Goldstein
Published: January 2022

The Conclusion looks at Hollywood studios’ changing attitudes towards issues of race, from films like Lydia Bailey to Planet of the Apes, Nate Parker’s The Birth of a Nation and Black Panther. It also highlights the enduring inequities that give descendants of slaveowners and of enslaved peoples asymmetrical access to defining slavery in public culture. Nevertheless, given Black Panther’s success (and the addition of Haitian characters to bestselling video games such as Red Dead Redemption 2), the chapter argues that there is a greater market for content featuring Black heroes than studios once thought. It also suggests some promising concepts for Haitian Revolution films if funding were made available.
What Nice Hair!?: Contentious Privilege and the Embodiment of Dougla Mixedness
Authors: Barratt Sue Ann , Ranjitsingh Aleah N.
Published: January 2022

This chapter explains how hair texture, as the ultimate marker of Douglaness, can be a very contentious issue. It presents Dougla explanations of the effects of limiting stereotypical beliefs about “Dougla hair”, as mixed hair that is “good” or, in terms of texture and length, “easy to manage”. It evaluates how some Douglas feel beliefs about hair complicate, especially for women, how they are perceived in terms of value/prestige, beauty, prototypical mixedness and class.
Conclusion: Dougla in the Twenty-First Century and Beyond
Authors: Barratt Sue Ann , Ranjitsingh Aleah N.
Published: January 2022

This chapter concludes the interdisciplinary theoretical and empirical project that structures the text. It makes a final statement about contemporary Dougla lives and speaks of the future from their perspective. The expanded definitions of Dougla are reasserted, and the final evaluative statement of who lives as Dougla and how that experience is framed within their narratives and the discourses they invoke are summarized. Recommendations for further explorations and evaluations are offered.
Competing Masculinities in the Work of R. Crumb
Authors: Blechschmidt Ian
Published: January 2022

Using critical tools drawn from visual rhetoric, gender studies, and comics studies, chapter contributor Ian Blechschmidt examines how Robert Crumb’s comics during the underground comix boom constructed a normative ideal of masculine agency through their images, narratives, and gags. The chapter argues that the comics’ appeals to “authenticity” were shaped by broadly shared anxieties about disappearing opportunities for performing “manly,” individual agency. Unlike much previous scholarship on Crumb’s work, this chapter seeks to take a more critical approach to the way that Crumb’s work imagines the performance and stakes of authenticity by underscoring how that imagining is rooted in deep, very old, and in many ways very current understandings of what it means to perform masculinity in the United States. Though it does not attempt to “debunk” claims to Crumb’s subversiveness, this paper takes seriously Stuart Hall’s reminder that no text is wholly, inherently, or permanently subversive. And while Crumb’s underground comix may have spoken back against some aspects of mainstream American masculinity, one ought not forget the ways in which they thoroughly reinscribed others.
Asian Masculinity, Eurasian Identity, and Whiteness in Cassandra Clare’s Infernal Devices Trilogy1
Authors: Ho Elizabeth
Published: January 2022

In this chapter, Elizabeth Ho considers how whiteness, masculinity, and Eurasian identity inform each other in Cassandra Clare’s Infernal Devices trilogy. The essay argues that, because it does not provide a thoughtful “ethics of appropriation” of past and present systems of oppression, the series ultimately reinscribes Victorian racist structures within the text and beyond.
Black Girl Magic
Authors: Jones Esther L.
Published: January 2022

In this chapter, Esther L. Jones analyzes texts by Nnedi Okorafor and Tomi Adeyemi, arguing that these authors challenge and rewrite social scripts of mental health and disability, particularly as they relate to young black women. Through examining these issues, readers are encouraged to interrogate our own complicity within these cultural narratives.
How Pooh Sticks … and Comes Unstuck
Authors: Rudd David
Published: January 2022

In this chapter, David Rudd examines Milne’s use of language in the Winnie-the-Pooh stories. It applies Derrida’s concept of “différance,” in particular, to explore the language slippages that characterize the verbal play in the stories. The chapter places particular emphasis on the difficulty of naming in the stories.
Green Ecology and Healing
Authors: Wardi Anissa Janine
Published: January 2022

This chapter considers green as the preeminent color of ecological thought, environmental discourse and conservation movements. Most importantly, green is the color of chlorophyll, which produces the oxygen necessary to sustain life on earth. Attention will be paid to those characters in Morrison’s fiction who find respite, that is, breathing space, in the green world. What emerges in Morrison’s fiction are moments of enchantment with the plant world that provide a contrast to the unrelenting and ubiquitous social networks of racism in which the community is enmeshed. Even in Beloved, Morrison’s treatise on the brutality of chattel slavery, characters experience notable moments of enchantment with the vegetal world. Likewise, in Song of Solomon and Home, characters achieve a measure of health and healing through interactions with botanicals: forest trees, backyard flora, and plant seeds.
Orange Ecology, Death, and Renewal
Authors: Wardi Anissa Janine
Published: January 2022

The chapter examines orange’s manifestation in fire, which, from an anthropocentric perspective, is regarded as dangerous and deadly, a punishing element, uncontainable and random. Fire is also evocative of post-Reconstruction torture that white supremacists unleashed against newly freed African Americans in the form of the Ku Klux Klan’s burning crosses, or race riot conflagrations. Fire is a material and symbolic element of violence, yet from an ecological prism, it is more complicated. While it is an act of destruction, forest fires, in particular, are necessary for healthy ecosystems. In fact, fire is an essential contributor to habitat vitality and replenishment, a catalyst for healthy change known as succession. In Sula and God Help the Child Morrison renders the complexity of fire as each novel pivots on the axis of destruction, violence, and renewal.
Great Superheroic Powers and Great Presidential Responsibilities
Authors: Knopf Christina M.
Published: January 2022

This chapter begins with President John Kennedy’s 1963 team-up with Superman for the promotion of the President’s Council on Physical Fitness to explore the superheroic presidency as an American monomyth. With an analysis that expands from comics to also include superhero animation and live-action television series, the chapter indicates that the political spectacle with its cycle of enemies and leaders, threats and reassurances, is similar to the structure of the superhero serial, in which protagonists are locked into a pattern of saving society from a never-ending rotation of villains. But whereas superheroes are celebrated for their ability to work beyond the confines of the system, politicians who so publicly exceed their offices or break the laws are typically less ideal.
My Melancholy Baby
Authors: Garber Michael G.
Published: January 2022

This book offers a detailed biography of ten influential American popular love ballads, from “Bill Bailey, Won’t You Please Come Home” (1902) to “You Made Me Love You” (1913). These became models for over forty years of great songs. In an innovative combination, they fused jazziness with intimate, personal qualities that were further revealed in the late 1920s with the advent of the torch song genre—and microphone crooning techniques, which linked them to the lullaby. They were a product of collective innovation by both famous figures like Irving Berlin and forgotten songwriters, including women and those from minority groups. Further, the performers, arrangers, and publishers changed the original songs, in a process similar to the oral folk music tradition. All these songs were fit into narratives—movies, plays, histories, scholarly works, and literature—which continually redefined them. The book analyzes the songs and how they were interpreted, featuring full music scores, musical excerpts, and forty illustrations. This study strips away the myths behind the creation of these ten core songs, revealing the even more colorful true stories. The discussion proposes a fresh definition for the torch song, as one making the listener aware of the flame of love within their heart. It includes an introduction to the New York music publishing industry, Tin Pan Alley, and operates as a listening guide and viewing companion for the Great American Songbook. Through the stories of individual songs, this history supplies a panoramic collage of the golden age of American classic pop.
“Kiss Me Again” and the Wisdom of Witmark
Authors: Garber Michael G.
Published: January 2022

This is the second of six chapters tracing how waltzes often became performed as duple-meter tunes, inflected with jazz style, via the collective innovation of performance tradition. The operetta composer Victor Herbert, with lyricist Henry Blossom, wrote “Kiss Me Again” as the “sensuous waltz” to climax multiple refrains within “If I Were on the Stage” (from Mlle. Modiste, 1905). Herbert takes his initial motif from “Córdoba” (1898) by Isaac Albéniz—another example of collective innovation. The tune is a harbinger of many later arching melodies; and the lyric, of other, later, importunate romantic pleas. The song became widely popular once the publisher (another collaborative force) made its writers create a verse about lost love. The number is primarily done by operatic singers, but also by crooners, commented on here, including Frank Sinatra. The chapter analyzes the four uses of the song in the 1931 movie musical Kiss Me Again.
“I Wonder Who’s Kissing Her Now” and Work-for-Hire
Authors: Garber Michael G.
Published: January 2022

This is the third of six chapters tracing how waltzes often became performed as duple-meter tunes, inflected with jazz style, via the collective innovation of performance tradition. This chapter focuses on “I Wonder Who’s Kissing Her Now” (1909), written in Chicago by lyricists Will M. Hough and Frank R. Adams, and Harold Orlob—who composed the music, as a work-for-hire for composer-performer Joe E. Howard, and sued for credit decades later. The discussion details the song’s revivals in the swing and rock and roll eras. Analysis of the piece focuses on the emotions of the lyric and the fit between words and melody. Gender politics are explored; this distinctively male torch song became occasionally adapted by women. Its use in stage and movie musicals is analyzed in this light. The lyric helped innovate the pondering of a landscape of introspection, foreshadowing later lyrics wondering about the lost beloved’s fate.
“You Made Me Love You”
Authors: Garber Michael G.
Published: January 2022

“You Made Me Love You” (1913) became indelibly associated with three performers. Clarified is its chronology in Al Jolson’s repertoire and his influence on how it was performed and printed. In 1937, it launched Judy Garland’s fame, with an introduction addressed to “Dear Mr. Gable” that made the song about the relationship of performer and audience. This manifests in its use in films (Love Me or Leave Me; Xanadu) and the work of performance artist David Hoyle. In 1941, it boosted trumpeter Harry James to stardom. Through reception studies, the song’s place in individual lives is explored, illuminating a novel by Joanna Goodman and autobiography of Shirley Cunningham. The work’s elements are analyzed, emphasizing their ambiguous depiction of mixed emotions, sexual desire, and humor. Fleshed out is the song’s place in the careers of composer Jimmy Monaco and lyricist Joseph McCarthy – and in the development of chansons-realiste and torch songs.
Edward Mitchell Bannister (1828–1901)
Authors: Woods Naurice Frank , Dimock George
Published: January 2022

Edward Mitchell Bannister achieved national acclaim in painting at the Centennial International Exposition of 1876. As a result, he helped establish, once his race was known, that it was possible that African Americans could triumph at the highest levels of the fine arts. Thus, only four years after Robert S. Duncanson’s death, another Black landscape painter demonstrated that race held no natural barriers to artistic success. This chapter traces Bannister’s rise as an artist through his connections with the abolitionists of Boston, his competition from other Black artists for limited patronage in the region, his recognition as a leading proponent of the Barbizon style in America, and his “transcendence” over racial matters for many of his white peers.
Mary Edmonia Lewis (ca. 1844–1907)
Authors: Woods Naurice Frank , Dimock George
Published: January 2022

Afro-Indian sculptor, Edmonia Lewis, exhibited a startling marble sculpture entitled The Death of Cleopatra at the Philadelphia Centennial Exposition of 1876 to considerable attention from art critics and the public. The fact that Lewis enjoyed so lofty a position among the art makers of the nineteenth century was remarkable given the prejudices experienced by members of her race and gender at that time. Indeed, her path to the Centennial was the most improbable of all the exhibiting artists and her rise to prominence as an internationally celebrated sculptor stands as one of the most unique and intriguing stories in the annals of American art. Thus, this chapter examines closely a true pioneering feminist of the nineteenth century who leveraged her biracial identity and gender to achieve global interest, success, and reward.
Beyond the Door of the Big House: Slavery and Poor Whites in Faulkner and the Slave Narratives
Authors: Leiter Andrew B.
Published: January 2022

A comparative analysis of Faulkner’s fiction and African American slave narratives, this essay by Andrew B. Leiter addresses the relationships between slaves and lower-class whites. Faulkner frequently depicts antipathy between poor whites and African Americans as a product of poor white resentment specific to their economic and social displacement. Contextualizing this presentation within the historical record and the slave narratives, this essay reverses traditional critical considerations of poor whites and slavery in Faulkner’s fiction. Those traditional considerations address what the slave economy means for the condition of poor whites in the antebellum South. They do not, however, address how the poor white presence defines Faulkner’s construction of slavery. The overt political implications of the slave narratives not only reveal the limitations of Faulkner’s slave world but they also reveal how the poor white presence mitigates the conditions of slavery in Faulkner’s fiction by displacing the brutalities of slavery with poor white suffering.
The Expropriated Voice: Sonority, Intertextuality, Flesh
Authors: Napolin Julie Beth
Published: January 2022

In this essay, Julie Beth Napolin describes William Faulkner’s ways of listening to and writing about cries, moans, howls, and other extralinguistic sounds. From The Sound and the Fury to “That Evening Sun” and Absalom, Absalom!, the cry in Yoknapatawpha is an intertextual event that resonates between works and characters. Recurring throughout his fiction, the cry lingers long after the event that caused it, suggesting that Faulkner gleaned much from the sound recording technology he publicly claimed to resent. Separated from the body like sound recordings, the cries of Faulkner’s characters do not belong to any one person or individual life. Drawing from black feminist theory, the essay argues that extralinguistic sounds, as they resonate between bodies across time, space, gender, and race, are part of a shared “flesh.” They are one key to understanding Faulkner’s theory of the voice as central to his critique of the property relations foundational to slavery.
Change and Continuity
Authors: Willson Brian
Published: January 2022

This chapter suggests that Brazilian Egúngún is a reflection and continuation of African Egúngún. The aesthetic of the Brazilian aṣọ – the cloth assemblages—can be visually traced to Africa. The chapter argues that Egúngún does not have a “voice”, as such, but that the manner of communication is alike—the segi, varying infinitely between the gravelly sound of the colobus monkey and a high-pitched flute-like sound. The acrobatic physicality; the stunning ornate, dress; the sacred grove, igbale; and the name ara orun – visitors from heaven; – are alike on both continents. In Brazil the worship is localized to three areas, Rio, Bahia, and Recife and takes place within the microcosmic walled compound, whereas Egúngún is found throughout Yorùbáland and festivals take place in communities. Brazilian types are more limited in variation, this chapter describes multifarious types of Egúngún found in Yorùbáland. The overall comparison is further argued through eye-witness account.
Mother of Nine
Authors: Willson Brian
Published: January 2022

This chapter discusses the Orisa Oya and her place in relation to Egúngún. She is shown to be the mother of Egúngún—as the bearer of nine anomalous children, the last of which was Egúngún. This chapter suggests she has a special role in the marketplace and a powerful position as the wife of Xango, but also suggests that she is a powerful entity in her own right. The chapter argues that there is much more in-depth information concerning Oya and Egúngún than is normally considered. She is shown to have five specific paths which have to do with the dead and Egúngún.
Body Posture Evaluation of Dental Specialty Groups and Risk of Developing Musculoskeletal Disorders
Authors:   Social Determinants on Oral Health Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran, fatemehjahani4@gmail.com, Jahanimoghada Fatemeh , Hasheminejad Naimeh ,   Oral and Dental Diseases Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran, hnaimeh@yahoo.com, Hashemi-Nejad Naser ,   Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran, naserhasheminejad@gmail.com
Published: January 2022

Objective: Adopting correct body postures is extremely essential in preventing future musculoskeletal disorders in Dentists. The aim of this study was to evaluate the body posture of general and specialist dentists to find awkward body postures, badly postured body parts and the risk of developing future MSDs. Methods: Stratified sampling method was used to recruit 224 dentists in Kerman and Mashhad. The most frequently adopted body posture was selected and based on Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) method, scores were given to the angulation of different body parts. T-test and ANOVA test were performed to analyze the data. Results: About 10% of dentists had a REBA score which showed a high or very high risk of developing MSDs. Specialists and general dentists were not different in terms of REBA score. Among different specialties, periodontists had the highest REBA score. Overall, forearms and neck had the highest REBA score. Conclusion: General dentists and all dental specialties (except operative dentists) were at moderate risk of developing MSDs. Periodontists were at higher risk of developing MSDs. Based on REBA, the forearm and the neck were the most badly postured body parts.
Nowe spojrzenie na koncepcję uniwersytetu Johna Henry’ego Newmana
Authors: Obirek Stanisław
Published: January 2022

The article presents the concept of the university developed in the mid-nineteenth century by Cardinal John Henry Newman. Newman believed that the university should provide pure and universal knowledge. He was against the professionalization of academic education. According to Newman, the task of universities was to “introduce to life in society” and to “adapt to the world.” This idea grew out of European optimism and a deep belief that teachers and students were part of the same intellectual community. Newman’s concept retains its value because it is rooted in the legacy of humanistic ideal of the education present in the university from very beginnings of this institution. As we know from history university was a place for gaining universal knowledge. However, disturbing cracks can be seen in this idea, which is related to the commercialization and parameterization of the education process. Both lead to deep pathologies of academic life. We see these changes not only in Poland, but also in Western Europe and the United States. After the change of the political system in 1989, Polish universities were significantly degraded and the status of an academic teacher decreased dramatically. The only remedy is to restore universities to the autonomy they deserve and to move away from attempts to politicize or ideologize them
A karsztoktól a környezetgazdálkodásig. Beszélgetés Fodor Istvánnal
Authors:   Gálosi Detti Fotó, Gálosi-Kovács Bernadett , Orsós György ,   Pécsi Tudományegyetem, Természettudományi Kar
Published: January 2022

István Fodor was born in Szeged in 1938, graduated from the University of Debrecen in 1961 with a degree in History and Geography. Since 1966 he has been a staff member of the Transdanubian Institute of Science of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences (HAS). The Institute had a decisive importance in his professional career. He became a Candidate of Geography in 1976 and a Doctor of the HAS in 2002. He was involved in higher education for most of his career. He was the Associate Professor and then Head of the Department of Environmental Geography and Meteorology at the Faculty of Sciences at Janus Pannonius University. In 1996, he was appointed a university professor. He was President of the Hungarian Karst and Cave Research Society, headed several committees of the Academic Committee of the HAS in Pécs. He was a member of the Board of the International Union of Speleology, just like the Board of the International Speleoterapic Committee. This semi-structured interview was conducted at his home in October 2021. The aim of the article is to present the most important stages of the professor’s career, his personal relationship with geography and the factors that shaped his professional development.
For Whom Is the Path the Goal? A Lifespan Perspective on the Development of Goal Focus
Authors: Moersdorf Lea , Daum Moritz M. , Freund Alexandra M.
Published: January 2022

Goals are an intensely studied concept in various research areas within psychology. They can be defined as cognitive representations of means-ends relations. The relative focus on the means or the ends (i.e., goal focus) can vary between persons and over time. Taking a lifespan perspective, we use the existing developmental, social-cognitive, and motivational literature to portray how goal focus might develop across the entire lifespan. For this purpose, we take findings on the perception of goal-directed behavior in infancy, the development of (self-)representations and goal pursuit in adolescence, and of goals across adulthood into account. We propose that goal focus changes across the lifespan due to age-related cognitive and motivational development, and that the relative impact of cognitive and motivational processes on goal focus varies across the lifespan. We conclude by integrating different approaches and findings from a lifespan perspective.
Gopchu: una aproximación al patrimonio arqueológico desconocido de Sihuas
Authors: Castillo Flores Giancarlos
Published: January 2022

La región norte del callejón de Conchucos, no ha gozado de la atención debida en términos investigativos desde hace muchos años, en comparación con la parte sur del mismo u otras zonas de la región Áncash. El área comprendida por la provincia de Sihuas se ha caracterizado por la escasez de estudios arqueológicos, así como por los contados esfuerzos por demarcar, catastrar y proteger los sitios arqueológicos, como bien puede uno comprobar al conversar con los pobladores locales, quienes expresan su preocupación ante la falta de interés por su patrimonio arqueológico.
Endpoints in Heart Failure Drug Development
Authors: Hussain Aliza , Misra Arunima , Bozkurt Biykem
Published: January 2022

Heart failure (HF) is a major health problem worldwide. The development of effective drug and/or device therapy is crucial to mitigate the significant morbidity, mortality and healthcare costs associated with HF. The choice of endpoint in clinical trials has important practical and clinical implications. Outcomes of interest including mortality and HF hospitalisations provide robust evidence for regulatory approval granted there is sufficiency of safety data. At the same time, it is important to recognise that HF patients experience significant impairments in functional capacity and quality of life, underscoring the need to incorporate parameters of symptoms and patient-reported outcomes in clinical trials. In this review, the authors summarise the evolution and definition of cardiovascular endpoints used in clinical trials, discuss approaches to study design to allow the incorporation of mortality, morbidity and functional endpoints and, finally, examine the current challenges and suggest steps for the development of cardiovascular endpoints that are effective, meaningful and meet the needs of all relevant stakeholders, including patients, physicians regulators and sponsors.
Projekcja miękkiej siły Estonii jako konsekwencja udanej transformacji
Authors:   Uniwersytet Kazimierza Wielkiego w Bydgoszczy, Polska, Sierzputowska Kamila
Published: January 2022

After regaining independence in 1991, Estonia began rebuilding the country after decades of the control of the Soviet Empire. The assumptions of the systemic transformation were crucial to the reborn state. In addition to the fundamental political, economic, and social changes that have been carried out, they allowed, above all, a geopolitical reconfiguration of the country, enabling a steady rise in the republic’s importance in contemporary international relations. The decisions adopted in the 1990s by Estonian governments led to a complete modernization of state management. Aware of their own abilities, the Estonian authorities were on the look-out for optimal ways to create an effective administrative apparatus and to facilitate a rapid economic growth of the state, and to this end they implemented digital solutions. As it was not possible to base one's "strength" on traditional hard power indicators: military, economic or geostrategic potential, it was decided to use soft sources of political influence. Moreover, the necessity to create a new administrative system contributed to the digital development of the state. Contemporary Estonia – equipped with a portfolio of unique soft power resources, is a modern digital state. Dictated by limited human and financial resources, Estonia adopted digitization as the optimal development opportunity, and its success in building an advanced digital society meant that the soft power projection not only strengthened its credibility, but also influenced the preferences of countries (local, regional, state governments) with digital ambitions and those who still want to benefit from the experience of the Estonian e-government.
Kultura prawna a prawo do dobrej administracji – etyczna analiza problemu
Authors: Stachurski Michał
Published: January 2022

The definition of public administration has evolved due to political and geopolitical changes. In the contemporary literature on the subject, emphasis is placed on the objective and subjective dimension of administration. The perspective of the subjectivity points to such formal and legal concerns as the legal basis of decisions issued or the very process of issuing administrative decisions. The topic of subjectivity, on the other hand, focuses on the relationship between the citizen and the office, as well as between the citizen and the official. This approach also allowed for a permanent introduction of the notions of public good and public interest. Both notions, axiologically, indicate that the main goal of public administration should be to provide efficient and legal service to citizens. The area of administration is not only about the interpretation of dry acts of law, but it also deals with the relationship between the citizen and the official, as well as between the officials themselves, and between the official and the superior under the employment relationship. Good administration consists of all these relationships. The aim of the article is to reflect on the possibilities of developing good administration in terms of ethics as well as to attempt to answer the question about the conditions that should exist for good administration to be not only a theoretical term, but also a daily implemented practice.
Instytucje państwa polskiego oraz krajowe organizacje zaangażowane w ochronę i promocję Polaków na świecie na tle ich odpowiedników w innych państwach – analiza porównawcza
Authors:   Uniwersytet Jagielloński, Kraków, Polska, Kuśmierczyk Małgorzata
Published: January 2022

The author of the research paper focuses on modern forms and directions of public diplomacy, analyzing select activities of Polish diplomatic establishments in Israel, Switzerland, and Great Britain against the background of their foreign counterparts. The issue of the protection of Poles is considered with regard to repute, to counteracting national stereotypes, and to promotion (popularization / dissemination) of Polish culture. The main source of the practices mentioned and discussed on the following pages is a result of direct contact with representatives of the above-mentioned embassies. The analysis conducted makes it possible to outline the contemporary directions of Polish public diplomacy and compare them with the priorities of other countries. The article shows the variety of activities undertaken by individual institutions and the extent of their adaptation to the specificity of a particular country.