bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
BIOEQUIVALENCE STUDY OF AZELNIDIPINE 16 MG TABLET TO EVALUATE PHARMACOKINETIC PROFILE OF SINGLE DOSE IN HEALTHY, ADULT, HUMAN VOLUNTEERS UNDER FASTING CONDITION
Authors: DAS DIBYA , HALDER DHIMAN , BOSE ANIRBANDEEP , SAHA CHIRANJIT , SEKHAR MAJI HIMANGSHU , KUMAR PAL TAPAN
Published: July 2021

Objective: The present study's objective is to conduct a comparative bioavailability study with a special emphasis on the test product's bioequivalence using a standard reference product as a comparator.

Methods: Before initiating the bioequivalent study, the plasma sample analysis method was developed and validated by using LC-MS/MS method. The entire study was conducted as a single-dose crossover randomized bioequivalence study with open-label, two treatment, two-period, and two sequences on 24 healthy volunteers under fasting condition. With proper informed consent process the oral dose of the Reference product (R) or Test product (T) was administered on healthy volunteers at 0 h during each period of the study. After the drug's oral administration, a certain quantity of blood sample was collected, and the plasma sample was separated using a cold centrifuge. The plasma samples were analysed by using the validated LC-MS/MS method. The pharmacokinetic parameters, statistical data and ANOVA of the test and reference product were evaluated.

Results: The Cmax, Auc0-t, AUC0-∞ and tmax of the test product were found to be 6.29 ng/ml, 117.0 ng. h/ml, 161.67 ng. h/ml and 3.33 h. respectively. And the Cmax, Auc0-t, AUC0-∞ and tmax of reference product were found 6.59 ng/ml, 123.21 ng. h./ml, 172.20 ng. h/ml and 3.38 h respectively. Relative bioavailability was found 94.96%. The overall results show that the 90% confidence intervals (Log-Transformed and Untransformed) for Cmax, AUC0-t and AUC0-∞ for Azelnidipine were within the acceptable limit of 80%-125%.

Conclusion: The entire study's conclusion can be drawn as the test product was bioequivalent with the reference product's comparator.
FEATURES OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF A LYOPHILIZED INJECTABLE DOSAGE FORM OF THE ORIGINAL ANTICANCER DRUG LCS-1208
Authors: GULYAKIN ILYA , LANTSOVA ANNA , NIKOLAEVA LYUDMILA , DMITRIEVA MARIA , OBOROTOVA NATALIYA , ORLOVA OLGA , ZHURAVLEVA NATALIA
Published: July 2021

Objective: Development of a lyophilized injectable dosage form LCS-1208, an original antitumor drug based on an indolocarbazole derivative.

Methods: The prepared solution of the injectable dosage form LCS-1208 is transferred to sterilizing filtration, which is carried out under vacuum on a «Stericup» filter unit with a filter pore size of 0.22 μm. The sterile solution of the injectable dosage form LCS-1208 is poured into sterile vials using a dispenser and lyophilized in a freeze-drying chamber. At the end of drying, the preparation is corked in the chamber of a sublimation unit using a hydraulic device and transferred to crimping with aluminum caps using a seaming machine. Quantitative determination of the drug content was determined by spectrophotometry using a standard sample at λ = 320±2 nm. The pH was determined by potentiometry.

Results: A freeze-drying regimen for the injectable dosage form LCS-1208 has been developed. The required solution freezing temperature was established taking into account the presence of 2 eutectic zones: a solution of LCS-1208 in DMSO (-35 ÷-32) °С, an aqueous solution of Kollidon 17PF (-10 ÷-8) °С. As a result of a series of experiments, the optimal lyophilization regime was chosen that does not require preliminary freezing in a low-temperature chamber, with freezing on the shelves of freeze-drying at a temperature of-47 °C without their preliminary cooling. The most acceptable vial filling volume was determined, amounting to 3 ml, and the rate of temperature rise during secondary drying of the preparation was justified. When using the developed regime of lyophilization of the LCS-1208 solution, it was shown that it can be sublimated while preserving the initial qualitative and quantitative characteristics.

Conclusion: In this article, using the example of creating a lyophilized injectable dosage form LCS-1208 (the original antitumor drug from the indolocarbazole group), the main problems that arose during the lyophilization of the selected composition of the model solution, as well as ways to improve the process.
PHARMACOTECHNICAL DEVELOPMENT AND OPTIMIZATION OF MULTILAYERED TABLETS: AN UPDATED INDUSTRIAL REVIEW WITH EMPHASIS ON BILAYER TABLETS
Authors: AGIBA AHMED M. , ABUL-ELLA SOHA SAYED , EL-MONEM REHAB A. ABD
Published: July 2021

Fixed-dose combination formulations are multilayered platforms designed for solving complex medication regimens and overcoming polypharmacy problems especially in chronic diseases with geriatric patients. Multilayered tablets are considered promising avenues to combine different active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) for a synergic therapeutic effect, or different formulations of the same API in order to achieve a specific drug release profile. Besides, multilayered tablets can extensively help in avoiding possible interactions between different drugs, as well as optimizing each formulation individually in terms of pharmacokinetics and manufacturability. This review article discusses the most suitable materials used in the manufacturing of multilayered tablets, describes novel approaches to manufacturing improvement and process parameters, the influence of process parameters on layer adhesion, and the characterization tests of multilayered tablets.
DESIGN OF CONTROLLED RELEASE MUCOADHESIVE BUCCAL TABLETS OF IVABRADINE HCL USING SINTERING TECHNIQUE
Authors: MOHANTY CHANDAN , SUBRAHMANYAM K. V.
Published: July 2021

Objective: The objective of the present work was to study the use of the sintering technique, a relatively new concept in pharmaceutical sciences, in the development of mucoadhesive buccal tablets for ivabradine Hydrochloride.

Methods: The method consisted of blending drug, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC K100M), carnauba wax, and other excipients followed by direct compression into tablets. The compressed fluffy matrices were sintered at two different constant temperatures like 50 °C and 60 °C for two different periods like 1.5 h and 3 h in a hot air oven. The effect of sintering on tensile strength, dissolution profile, and other parameters were studied. The drug-polymer-excipient compatibility was evaluated by Fourier transform Infrared (FTIR) and differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) studies.

Results: The sintering condition markedly affected the drug release properties, hardness, and friability of the tablets. Based on the f2 similarity factor value, Ex-vivo mucoadhesive strength, Ex-vivo residence time, and in vitro dissolution studies, formulation F3SD was selected as an optimized formulation. Drug release followed a non-Fickian diffusion mechanism with the Higuchi model release kinetics. Stability studies of mucoadhesive buccal tablets in normal human saliva indicated the stability of the drug and buccal tablet in the oral cavity. Stability studies as per ICH guidelines revealed that optimized formulation was stable on storage conditions.

Conclusion: The sintering technique provides a significant and convenient method for the development of a controlled release dosage form that can be used in the design of mucoadhesive buccal tablets of Ivabradine HCL.
Narrative and Number in Busby Berkeley’s Footlight Parade
Authors: Anderson Natasha
Published: July 2021

The backstage film musical was a successful genre of the brief ‘Pre-Code’ era of American film history (1929-1934), in which audiences witnessed the inner workings of a theatre studio and watched the creation and performance of a musical production unfold. This essay focusses on one of these film musicals, Footlight Parade, and examines its key musical numbers: ‘Honeymoon Hotel’, ‘By a Waterfall’ and ‘Shanghai Lil’. Using these examples, the article analyses the relationship between musical number and film narrative, while relating the film to wider issues surrounding musicals in the ‘Pre-Code’ era and beyond.
Originality or Familiarity?
Authors: Behrens David
Published: July 2021

This article explores the dramaturgical strategies used to present chosen recital repertoire, initially outlining what lead to the formation of the programme, before discussing elements of musical narrativity and how that can aid in conveying meaning on a deeper level. In addition, the article investigates the importance of utilising novelty in balance with familiarity to entice an audience, whilst keeping an awareness of the drawbacks that each can impose. Finally, the presence of a unifying theme will be discussed with regards to how it can potentially add originality, resulting in a programme that can be simultaneously engaging and informative.
Non-contact induction heating and SAAP-148 eliminate persisters within MRSA biofilms mimicking a metal implant infection
Authors: Verheul M , Drijfhout JW , Pijls BG , Nibbering PH
Published: July 2021

Implant-associated infections are the primary cause of complications following orthopaedic surgery. Due to biofilm and persister formation, current treatments, i.e. surgical debridement followed by antibiotics, often fail. There is an urgent need for alternative strategies to combat such infections. Therefore, the present study investigated the effects of non-contact induction heating (NCIH), the antimicrobial peptide SAAP-148 and combinations thereof on bacterial counts in 7 d mature biofilms and in persister-enriched biofilms of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) on titanium-aluminium-niobium (TAN) discs. Enrichment of persisters was achieved by daily exposure of mature biofilms to high doses of rifampicin and ciprofloxacin for 3 consecutive days. To heat up the TAN discs, a miniaturised induction heater was built and successfully validated. Using this apparatus, NCIH resulting in surface temperatures up to 85 °C eradicated all the bacteria in immature biofilms but not in mature biofilms, whereas persisters were already eliminated at surface temperatures ≥ 70 °C. SAAP-148 at concentrations > 25.6 µmol/L reduced the persister counts in antibiotics-exposed, mature biofilms. As surface temperatures > 60 °C can have detrimental effects on the surrounding tissues, the maximum temperature of NCIH used in combination with SAAP-148 on persisters was set to 60 °C. Results revealed that this combination was slightly more effective than the peptide or NCIH alone in eliminating biofilm-embedded persisters. NCIH and SAAP-148 can be applied both invasively and non-invasively in various treatment scenarios. Together, combinations of NCIH and SAAP-148 might be a promising treatment strategy to combat metal-implant-associated infections.
Understanding Load Balancing Algorithms and Their Need in Cloud Computing
Authors: Sadhu Mridul
Published: July 2021

With each passing day, the number of users on the internet increases and thus does the data associated with them. This implies an exponential increase in the data storage and data processing units of practically all the servers on the net. Considering that the underlying idea and original purpose of the internet was to share data and resources, it becomes an increasingly difficult task to manage gigantic amounts of data associated with the ever-increasing number of users. This is why Cloud Computing has been able to bring a revolution in the world of technology and become the indispensable part of the internet that it is today. In this paper, we review the topic of load balancing and the various load balancing algorithms upon different measures. We also try to understand the most challenging problems that the cloud faces and some new load balancing techniques inspired from the natural world.
Three-Phase Fault Analysis on Transmission Line in Matlab Simulink
Authors: Patil Harshal Vilas
Published: July 2021

Now-a-days the demand of electricity or power areincreases day by day this results to transmits more power byIncreasing the transmission line capacity from one place to theother place. But during the transmission some faults areoccurred in the system, such as L-L fault (line to line), 1L-Gfault (single line to ground) and 2L-G fault (double line toground). These faults affect the power system equipmentswhich are connected to it. The main aim of this paper is tostudy or analysis of faults and also identifies the effect of thefault in transmission line along with bus system which isconnected to transmission line. Mainly the major faults in longtransmission lines is (L-G) single line to ground fault which areharmful to the electrical equipment. A proposed model intransmission line is simulated in MATLAB software to analysisand identified the faults. Fault block was taken from the sim-power system block library. The whole modeling andsimulation of different operating and different conditions offault on transmission line, their faults are L-G fault, 2L-Gfault, 3L-G fault and three line short circuit of the proposedwork is presented in this paper.
Image Detection System Using Image Processing
Authors: Gawande Mohini
Published: July 2021

The increasing popularity of Social Networks makes change the way people interact. These interactions produce a huge amount of data and it opens the door to new strategies and marketing analysis. According to Instagram and Tumblr, an average of 80 and 59 million photos respectively are published every day, and those pictures contain several implicit or explicit brand logos. Image recognition is one of the most important fields of image processing and computer vision. The CNNs are a very effective class of neural networks that is highly effective at the task of image classifying, object detection and other computer vision problems.in recent years, several scale- invariant features have been proposed in literature, this paper analyzes the usage of Speeded Up Robust Features (SURF) as local descriptors, and as we will see, they are not only scale-invariant features, but they also offer the advantage of being computed very efﬁciently. Furthermore, a fundamental matrix estimation method based on the RANSAC is applied.
Employee Attendance Management System using Face Recognition
Authors: Vyshnavi P.
Published: July 2021

Automatic Facial Recognition Attendance System is a type of automated identification system that can recognize any person whose facial features have been saved in the database. This technology could be used by all corporations in the coming years, offices to keep track of who comes and goes. The attendance method is based on facial recognition technology. A real-time, contactless attendance tracking system that is extremely useful in today's world circumstances of a pandemic. After COVID, the work environment will not be the same. Despite the fact that the virus is still spreading, firms are attempting to restore on-premise operations in order to assure business continuity. Employees' health and safety are of utmost importance in such situations. Organizations are looking for methods to provide employees with a COVID-free workspace, and a touchless check-in is the first step. The attendance system uses a set of techniques like Haarcascade classifier and Local Binary Pattern Histogram(LBPH) Face Recognizer in deep learning to detect people in front of the camera and then changes their attendance in the attendance sheet automatically.
Verification of Open Core Protocol using System Verilog and UVM
Authors: . Darshan
Published: July 2021

The ever-increasing complexity of the integrated circuits design and the scale of the projects are making verification more challenging and time-consuming. As a result, the rapidly expanding VLSI industry necessitates a highly reliable and robust verification mechanism. In this paper, System Verilog Verification and Universal Verification Methodologies were adopted to verify the Accellera Open Core Protocol 3.0 as per specifications. According to the verification plan, the environment was developed under a dynamic approach, and the passive aspects included scoreboard, functional coverage, and system verilog assertions. The presented frameworks had verified OCP achieving successful dataflow signals extensions as per results.
Comparison of Feature Extraction Techniques for Pattern Classification
Authors: Chacko Binu P
Published: July 2021

Pattern recognition is a challenging task in research field for the last few decades. Many researchers have worked on areas such as computer vision, speech recognition, document classification, and computational biology to tackle complex research problems. In this article, a pattern recognition problem for handwritten Malayalam character is presented. This system goes through two different stages of HCR namely, feature extraction and classification. Three feature extraction techniques – wavelet transform, zoning, division point – are used in this study. Among these, division is point is able to show best discriminative power using SVM classifier. All the experiments are conducted on size normalized and binarized images of isolated Malayalam characters.
Acocoré: um projeto de resistência à pandemia ou arte em tempos telepresença.
Authors: Medeiros Maria Beatriz de
Published: July 2021

RESUMO: O presente texto apresenta o projeto Acocoré (Arte, Coletivos, Conexões e Redes) realizado em telepresença desde julho de 2020, isto é, durante uma pandemia. Acocoré foi uma ideia, um movimento, e, de repente, (e)vento: site, performances, entrevistas, vídeos, isto é, movimento diruptivo fazendo História.

 

PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Acocoré, Arte, Coletivos, Conexões, Redes.
Bicicruze Mil Grau
Authors: Boel Andressa
Published: July 2021

Bicicruze foi um experimento artístico que aconteceu entre março e setembro, 2019, junto à comunidade residente no Distrito Cruzeiro dos Peixotos, Uberlândia-MG. Nesse contexto foram construídas, de maneira partilhada e colaborativa com um grupo de crianças, oito bicicletas não tradicionais. Apresento nesse ensaio visual parte do processo construtivo de três delas, as Bicis de Éric, Talison e Rick.
Mulher Cientista e a Mulher Alienígena
Authors: De Oliveira Silva Carolina
Published: July 2021

Partindo do filme Os Cosmonautas (1962) de Victor Lima, uma FC nacional que conta a história de uma missão espacial brasileira bastante confusa, a análise destaca duas personagens femininas relevantes – a cientista Alice (Telma Elita) e a alienígena Krina Iris (Neide Aparecida). Ao abordar o filme a partir das problemáticas de gênero, a hipótese é de que a produção explora de forma cômica a construção de suas personagens, prevendo outras possibilidades de existência aos estudos feministas no cinema brasileiro em meio a um gênero cinematográfico tão híbrido e, quiçá para alguns, inexistente. Assim, apontamos o deboche e o tratamento cômico como um meio de análise válido, levando em consideração prerrogativas que privilegiam o tratamento do corpo como uma forma de autonomia para as personagens femininas.
Entrevista com Rodrigo Braga
Authors: Tavares Claudia
Published: July 2021

Entrevista com o artista Rodrigo Braga partindo de seu trabalho em vídeo intitulado Tônus. Para embasar a conversa, o trabalho Grande Budha de Nelson Félix e a ideia central do livro O Contrato Natural, de Michel Serres.
Quando piso em folhas secas...
Authors: Nascimento Ana Carolina Prudente , Brandão Augusto Melo
Published: July 2021

Sem resumo.
Rare Morphology of The Third Maxillary Molar and Potential Complications in its Extraction
Authors: Ismail Siti Mazlipah , Hariri Firdaus
Published: July 2021

There is a wide variation in the morphology of third maxillary molar which can be difficult to be identified radiographically. We present a case of a 26 year-old Yemeni female patient presented with difficult extraction of her left maxillary third molar. The extracted tooth showed a rare variation of root morphology, having four roots with three roots curving palatally at the apices. This report emphasized the potential complex morphological variation of maxillary third molar which may lead to the difficulty of a routine straight forward procedure thus needing careful extraction maneuvering to prevent any complications.
Buying Perfume in the Digital Age: A Study on E-Shoppers’ Perceptions and Typologies
Authors: Barbosa Belem , Mahdavi Mehdi , Oliveira ZaÃ­la , Chkoniya Valentina
Published: July 2021

Manuscript type: Research paper Research aims: This study aims to shed light on the factors that facilitate online purchase of perfume. It specifically: 1) explores the antecedents of online purchase behaviour in the case of experience goods; 2) analyses the motivations, perceived benefits and perceived risks associated with online purchase of perfume; and 3) identifies perfume e-shoppers’ profiles. Design/Methodology/Approach: A qualitative research approach involving interviewing 27 perfume e-shoppers from Brazil, Iran and Portugal was adopted. Research findings: The findings of this study reveal that there are three types of perfume e-shoppers: 1) experienced e-shoppers, 2) bargain e-seekers, and 3) expert e-shoppers. Competitive prices, enjoyable online experiences and greater varieties of perfumes are among the perceived benefits that motivate the online shoppers. The inability to test the perfumes, particularly those that are never tried before, appears to be the major drawback. Theoretical contribution/Originality: This study provides interesting cues on a topic that has so far been disregarded by the literature despite its growing importance as a business sector—online purchase of perfumes. It offers the categorisation of three e-shopper profiles, based on consumers’ narratives, and highlighted the importance of further addressing the dynamic nature of consumer behaviours, particularly in the online context. Practitioner/Policy implications: The findings show that the main trigger of buying perfume online is the price discounts, which is particularly important to less experienced Web shoppers. This indicates that experience goods such as perfume should, at the initial stage, be sold in stores that offer an assortment of products. Online perfume stores should consider alternatives to provide perfume testing. Research limitation/Implications: Purposive sampling does not allow results’ generalisation; hence future research is needed to further validate the findings.
‘This Isn’t My Expectation’: Excel in Auditing
Authors: Tien Irafahmi Diana , Williams P John
Published: July 2021

Manuscript type: Research paper Research aims: This study examines the perceptions of undergraduate accounting students about the use of Excel in an auditing course. Design/Methodology/Approach: A qualitative interview design is employed in this study. A total of 20 participants shared their perceptions in three group interviews. Their statements were analysed using thematic analysis. Research findings: Themes of agility and undesirability appeared central to the experience of Excel usage in auditing. The agility theme refers to students’ rapid adaptation to the use of Excel for auditing purposes. The undesirability theme deals with students’ expectations of using software beyond Excel. Theoretical contribution/Originality: This study generated an understanding of expectations around technology from the perspective of accounting students, which is rarely examined. For students, the future of the accounting and auditing profession relies on up-to-date technologies, and universities should provide experiences in accessing and learning to use such technologies in accounting education. Practitioner/Policy implications: The findings of this study provide an understanding for accounting educators and higher education institutions about the expectations of students related to the type of technology that must be covered in accounting curricula. Research limitations: This study collected data from only one public university in Indonesia. Students’ perceptions in this institution may not be the same as those in other institutions. Caution must be taken when generalising and interpreting the findings to other institutions.
On Mikhail Muravyov’s Poem The Painter (Based on Materials of Russian State Library and Institute of Russian Literature)
Authors: Ivinskiy Aleksandr D.
Published: July 2021

The article is devoted to the textual reconstruction of the poem The Painter by M. N. Muravyov. It was published in “Academic News” in 1779. In the Manuscripts Department of the Russian State Library (Moscow), we have found the earliest manuscript of this work, which we date 1775. This variant differs greatly from the final one – both in terms of volume and style. In the Manuscript Department of the Institute of Russian Literature (St. Petersburg), we found the second version of The Painter, written, as we claim, in 1778. It was stored with Muravyov’s letters to Dmitry Khvostov. Such close attention of the author to this poem could be explained by the fact that he expressed in it some crucial ideas about the nature of creativity and about the principles of interaction with the authorities. From our point of view, The Painter is one of Muravyov’s key texts, in which he acclaimed his loyalty to the cultural policy of Catherine II.
Unknown Drawing by Nikolay Gogol
Authors: Seryagin Sergey. N.
Published: July 2021

The author presents an unknown drawing by N. V. Gogol, and offers a brief description of it. The honor of discovering the drawing belongs to the researcher of the Ulyanovsk Regional Museum of Local Lore Tatiana Alekseevna Gromova. Gogol's drawing was found in the handwritten memoirs of the Siberian landowner A. P. Rodionov, which do not have any artistic value, but contain a representation of some historical events. Based on the facts of Gogol's life, described by researchers, the author of the article determines the approximate date of the drawing, and also conveys its content. Gogol was returning from Germany to Russia, in Berlin he moved in with the Rodionov family, then part of the way they rode together, and the published drawing was made by the writer for A.P. Rodionov, who at that time was six years old. Due to the fact that the figure shows a building that combines architectural elements of different styles, special attention is paid to Gogol's understanding of architecture, and references are made to his article “On the Architecture of the Present Time”.
Symbols of Time and Eternity in F. I. Tyutchev’s Nature Lyrics
Authors: Shakirova Ludmila G.
Published: July 2021

The article examines the poorly studied material concerning Tyutchev, dedicated to the interconnection of symbolism in the poet's works. Based on the analysis of poems, the article proves that the relationship between time and eternity (dating back to antiquity) is the main meaning-forming and connecting principle of Tyutchev’s symbolic system. The author pays special attention to the poem Day and Night, the quintessence of the poet's worldview. The analysis of the poems The Feast is Over, The Swan, The Soul Would Like to Be a Star given in the article makes it possible to understand that time in the lyrics of Tyutchev's nature is constantly associated with the change and movement that are characteristic of the bottom (“dolny world”, the world of “day”); eternity — with a state of immobility and immutability, characteristic of the upper, remote from the “dolny smoke” — infinite space. It is proved that due to the main philosophical opposition between time and eternity, the poet introduces new examples of oppositions, and strengthens the antithetical nature of his entire system. Tyutchev’s symbolic system splits into two hierarchical levels, opposite and at the same time interconnected with each other, each of which is represented by the corresponding links of oppositions, which, in turn, are assigned to a certain scale of values that determine the semantics of time and eternity.
Livestock grazing-induced large-scale biotic homogenization in arid Mediterranean steppe rangelands
Authors: Saifi Merdas , Kouba Yacine , Mostephaoui Tewfik , Farhi Yassine , Chenchouni Haroun
Published: July 2021

Despite many studies explored the effect of livestock grazing on plant
communities, the response of species composition and diversity to
livestock grazing in arid rangelands remain ambiguous. This study
examined the effects of livestock grazing on plant communities in arid
steppe rangelands of North Africa. Plant diversity of annual species,
perennial species and all species combined was measured and compared
between grazed and grazing-excluded areas. We also examined the relative
importance of species turnover and community nestedness. Moreover, the
effects of livestock grazing on beta diversity at local among transects
and landscape among sites scales were examined using the multiplicative
diversity partitioning. Results revealed that livestock grazing
significantly decreased the alpha diversity of all species combined and
the diversity of annual plants. Livestock grazing induced a shift in
plant community composition where most of species composition variation
(~74%) was due to infrequent species replacement
‘turnover’ between the two management types rather than nestedness
(~26%). Results revealed also that among transects,
beta diversity was higher in grazed steppes than in grazing-excluded
steppes. Whereas, among sites, beta diversity was lower in grazed
steppes compared to grazing-excluded steppes. These findings suggest
that livestock grazing in arid steppe rangelands increases the variation
in plant species composition at a local spatial scale and engenders
vegetation homogeneity at landscape spatial scale. Therefore, the
implementation of appropriate management practices such as short-term
grazing exclusion is mandatory to prevent these ecosystems from large
scale biotic homogenization.
An introduction to analysis of R\’enyi complexity ratio of quantum states for central potential
Authors: Nath D
Published: July 2021

R\’enyi complexity ratio of two density functions is
introduced for three and multidimensional quantum systems. Localization
property of several density functions are defined and five theorems
about near continuous property of R\’enyi complexity
ratio are proved by Lebesgue measure. Some properties of
R\’enyi complexity ratio are demonstrated and
investigated for different quantum systems. Exact analytical forms of
R\’enyi entropy, R\’enyi complexity ratio,
statistical complexities based on R\’enyi entropy for
integral order have been presented for solutions of pseudoharmonic and a
family of isospectral potentials. Some properties of
R\’enyi complexity ratio are verified for six diatomic
molecules (CO, NO, N$_2$, CH, H$_2$, and ScH) and for other
quantum systems.
Meta-analysis Derivation Concedes Clinical Significance in Democratisation of Healthcare
Authors: Bashir Mohamad , Idhrees Mohammed , Mousavizadeh Mostafa , Rezaei Yousef , Hosseini Saeid
Published: July 2021

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abstract
Giant dissected aortic aneurysm presenting as a superior vena cava syndrome
Authors: Antunes Andre , Antunes Manuel J. , Antunes Pedro , Prieto David
Published: July 2021

A 47-year-old man, with a history of aortic valve replacement 28 years
earlier, was admitted to the emergency department with a right cervical
mass and a superior vena cava syndrome. Thoracic angio-CT revealed a
giant ascending aorta aneurysm, with an intramural thrombus and
dissection flap, compressing the superior vena cava. Emergency surgery
was performed, confirming those findings. The dissection had ruptured
but was contained by surrounding structures, creating a false-aneurysm
that compressed the superior vena cava. The aneurysm was excluded and
the aorta was replaced by a Dacron conduit, thereby decompressing the
upper mediastinum. The patient made an uneventful recovery.
Surgical Management of Divided Atrial Chambers
Authors: Sankhyan Lakshmi , Anderson Robert , Chowdhury Ujjwal , George Niwin , Pradeep Doniparthi , Vaswani Prateek , Pandey Niraj , Arvind Balaji
Published: July 2021

The morphological variations when one, or both, of the atrial chambers
is subdivided, are many and varied. We present a synthesis of 198
published investigations of this “family” of uncommon lesions. Almost
three-quarters of patients with divided atrial chambers present during
infancy with severe pulmonary hypertension and cardiac failure.
Associated cardiac and extra-cardiac defects are present in between half
and nine-tenths of cases. Acquired division of the left atrium has been
reported after the Fontan operation, orthotopic cardiac transplantation,
and complicated aortic valvar infective endocarditis. Surgery under
cardiopulmonary bypass remains the definitive treatment. Balloon
dilation may be considered in anatomically compatible variants in the
setting of cardiac failure and pregnancy as a bridge to definitive
treatment. Overall, mortality has been cited between nil to 29%.
Presentation during infancy, associated congenital anomalies, pulmonary
hypertension, and surgery in the previous era, have been the reported
causes of death. The operative survivors have long-term favourable
outcomes, with near normal cardiac dimensions and low risk of
recurrence. While asymptomatic patients with division of the right
atrium do not need treatment, surgical resection of the dividing
partition under cardiopulmonary bypass is recommended in symptomatic
patients with complex anatomy, the spinnaker malformation, or associated
cardiac anomalies. Balloon dilation may be considered in uncomplicated
patients with less obstructive lesions. Hybrid intervention and
endoscopic robotic correction also have been performed. We submit that
an increased appreciation of the anatomic background to division of the
atrial chambers will contribute to improved surgical management.
Toxoplasmosis and liver disease: literature review and clinical observation
Authors: Greshnyakova V. A. , Gorjacheva L. G.
Published: July 2021

Toxoplasmosis is a widespread ubiquatorial disease. A distinctive feature of this parasitosis is the predominance of latent forms. As a rule, in people with intact immune systems, the disease is asymptomatic. Severe cases of toxoplasmosis are usually associated with immunodeficiencies. At the same time, in cases of a manifest course in immunocompetent persons, toxoplasmosis is characterized by a polymorphism of clinical manifestations with damage to almost all organs and systems. In addition to the widely reported lesions of the eyes, brain, and intrauterine infection (IUI) associated with T. gondii, there are reports of damage to the liver, heart, lungs, and even multisystem cases of visceral toxoplasmosis. The article describes a clinical observation of toxoplasma hepatitis in a child with chronic viral hepatitis C. This clinical observation demonstrates the possibility of liver damage in the structure of toxoplasmosis and confirms the significance of this parasitosis among the population of patients with liver diseases.
Pertussis in a child of the first month of life from family contact
Authors: Iozefovich O. V. , Kharit S. M. , Bobova E. I. , Budnikova E. A.
Published: July 2021

A case of whooping cough in a moderate form in a child of the first month of life is described in the presented clinical observation. The moderate form was manifested by the duration of the preconvulsive period up to 5 days, the appearance of cyanosis of the face when coughing in the early stages of the disease (1 week), an increase in the number of coughing attacks. The difficulties of treating pertussis in young children are demonstrated by our observation of the course of the disease. There is no vaccination against pertussis in children in the family due to the refusal of parents and children with prolonged coughing were not examined at the outpatient stage. As a result, chemoprophylaxis was not performed on time and the newborn was discharged from the hospital to the center of pertussis infection. The solution to the problem of reducing the incidence in children in the first months of life should be vaccination of pregnant women in the last stages, and vaccination of the environment, including agerelated revaccinations.
Chronic viral hepatitis B and D in pregnant women: course and outcomes (review)
Authors: Akhmedova M. D. , Tashpulatova Sh. A. , Ikhtiyarova G. A. , Karimova M. T.
Published: July 2021

Hepatitis B is most common among young people, which is explained by the ways of infection – parenteral, sexual and vertical. Mother-to-child transmission is the main route of infection for children in areas where the hepatitis B virus (HBV) is endemic.

The available current data on the course and outcomes of chronic viral hepatitis B are contradictory in pregnant women. Some authors argue that the exacerbation of chronic hepatitis B is more common in the first and third trimesters in pregnant women, and with an increase in gestation, there is a deterioration in liver function and an increased risk of fulminant liver failure. Other researchers note a more severe course in the second half of pregnancy or in the first months after delivery.

High replication of the virus increases the frequency of gestational diabetes mellitus, hemostatic disorders, the threat of termination of pregnancy, gestosis, fetoplacental insufficiency, risk of bleeding in childbirth, premature birth, untimely discharge of amniotic fluid, and the birth of premature babies.

Children become chronic carriers of HBsAd in neonatal hepatitis. These findings suggest that transplacental infection before birth may be a mechanism contributing to higher rates of failed prevention in newborns born to women with a high viral load.

We could not find data on the features of the course and outcomes of viral hepatitis D in pregnant women in the available sources,. At the same time, it is known that mixed infection is more severe.

Polymorphisms of genes associated with the regulation of the state of the vascular wall can have a significant impact on the course of infection.

The high prevalence of hepatitis D infection in different parts of the world indicates the need for a comprehensive study of this disease, followed by the development of special programs for the prevention, early diagnosis and treatment of hepatitis B and D in pregnant women.
Design of novel multiplexer circuits in QCA nanocomputing
Authors: Rashidi Hamid , Rezai Abdalhossein
Published: July 2021

Quantum-dot Cellular Automata (QCA) technology is a promising alternative
nano-scale technology for CMOS technology. In digital circuits, a
multiplexer is one of the most important components. In this study, an
efficient and single layer 2 to 1 QCA multiplexer circuit is proposed using
majority gate and inverter gate. In addition, efficient 4 to 1 and 8 to 1
QCA multiplexer circuits are implemented using this 2 to 1 multiplexer
circuit. The developed multiplexer circuits are implemented in QCADesigner
tool. According to the results, the developed 2 to 1, 4 to 1, and 8 to 1
multiplexer circuits utilize 16 (0.01?m2), 96 (0.11?m2), and 286 (0.43?m2)
QCA cell (area). The results demonstrate that the proposed 8 to 1
multiplexer circuit reduces the cost by about 25%- 99% compared to the
existing multiplexer circuits.
Mutations of NRG4 Contribute to the Pathogenesis of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Related Metabolic Disorders
Authors: Li Yangyang , Jin Li , Jiang Feng , Yan Jing , Lu Yan , Yang Qing , Zhang Yi , Zhang Hong , Yu Hairong , Zhang Yuemei , He Zhen , Zhang Rong , Yang Jianjun , Hu Cheng
Published: July 2021

Neuregulin 4 (Nrg4), an adipose tissue–enriched endocrine factor, participates in adipocyte-to-hepatocyte communication, eliciting beneficial metabolic effects in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We evaluate the physiological roles of NRG4 in humans and unravel the role of NRG4 variants in the pathogenesis of NAFLD and related metabolic disorders. We identified two rare missense mutations—p.R44H and p.E47Q—in the NRG4 EGF-like domain by whole-exome sequencing in 224 severely obese subjects and exome genotyping in 2,388 subjects from the Shanghai Obesity Study. The overexpression animal models showed that wild-type (WT) Nrg4 could attenuate high-fat diet–induced hepatic lipogenesis and improve energy metabolism. Nrg4 E47Q enhanced the protective effect, whereas Nrg4 R44H lost this function. Unlike Nrg4 R44H, Nrg4 E47Q activated the phosphorylation of ErbB4 and negatively regulated de novo lipogenesis through the ErbB4-STAT5-SREBP-1C pathway. The surface plasmon resonance experiments revealed a higher affinity of E47Q Nrg4 than WT to bind ErbB4, while R44H showed no binding. In conclusion, the study suggests that genetic variations in NRG4 could produce mutant proteins with aberrant functions and that impaired or enhanced Nrg4 function could be either a risk factor or a protective factor for NAFLD and associated metabolic disorders.
Inhibition of lncRNA TCONS_00077866 Ameliorates the High Stearic Acid Diet-Induced Mouse Pancreatic β-Cell Inflammatory Response by Increasing miR-297b-5p to Downregulate SAA3 Expression
Authors: Lu Huimin , Guo Rui , Zhang Yunjin , Su Shenghan , Zhao Qingrui , Yu Yue , Shi Hongbo , Sun Haoran , Zhang Yongjian , Li Shenglong , Shi Dan , Chu Xia , Sun Changhao
Published: July 2021

Long-term consumption of a high-fat diet increases the circulating concentration
of stearic acid (SA), which has a potent toxic effect on β-cells, but the underlying
molecular mechanisms of this action have not been fully elucidated. Here, we evaluated
the role of lncRNA TCONS_00077866
(lnc866) in SA-induced β-cell inflammation. lnc866 was selected for
study because lncRNA high-throughput
sequencing analysis demonstrated it to have the largest fold-difference in expression of five lncRNAs that were affected by SA treatment.
Knockdown of lnc866 by virus-mediated shRNA expression in mice or by Smart
Silencer in mouse pancreatic β-TC6 cells significantly inhibited
the SA-induced reduction in insulin secretion and β-cell inflammation. According to lncRNA-microRNA (miRNAs)-mRNA
co-expression network analysis and luciferase reporter assays, lnc866 directly
bound to miR-297b-5p, thereby preventing it from reducing the expression of its
target serum amyloid A3 (SAA3). Furthermore, overexpression of miR-297b-5p or
inhibition of SAA3 also had marked protective effects against the deleterious effects
of SA in β-TC6 cells and mouse islets. In conclusion, lnc866 silencing ameliorates
SA-induced β-cell inflammation
by targeting the miR-297b-5p/SAA3 axis. lnc866 inhibition may represent a new
strategy to protect β-cells against the effects of SA during the development of
type 2 diabetes.
Collective Responses to Covid-19 and Climate Change
Authors: Asker Andrea S. , Stefánsson H. Orri
Published: July 2021

Both individuals and governments around the world have willingly sacrificed a great deal to meet the collective action problem posed by Covid-19. This has provided some commentators with newfound hope about the possibility that we will be able to solve what is arguably the greatest collective action problem of all time: global climate change. In this paper we argue that this is overly optimistic. We defend two main claims. First, these two collective action problems are so different that the actions that individuals have taken to try to solve the problem posed by Covid-19 unfortunately provide little indication that we will be able to solve the problem posed by climate change. Second, the actions that states have taken in response to Covid-19 might—if anything—even be evidence that they will continue to fail to cooperate towards a solution to the climate crisis.
Strategic assessment of the ecological condition of the regions in the context of innovative development
Authors: Tulchynska Svitlana , Popelo Olha , Dergaliuk Bogdan , Khanin Semen , Shevchuk Nataliia
Published: July 2021

Within the article, it is examined the dynamics of the integrated index of innovative development of the regions of Ukraine. It is proved that during the studied period there is no region that would have a constant positive trend for eight years. The authors argue that the main conditions for sustainable development of the regions are environmental protection, rational use of natural resources and environmental safety of human life. The integrated index of ecological development of the regions of Ukraine is calculated. Visualization of the dynamics of the values of the index of ecological development of the regions of Ukraine makes it possible to visually assess the asymmetry of ecological development of the regions. This strategic study can serve as a basis for further research to predict dynamic changes in the environment.
Comparison of factors influencing liquidity of European Islamic and conventional banks
Authors: Musa Hussam , Musova Zdenka , Natorin Viacheslav , Lazaroiu George , Martin Boda Martin
Published: July 2021

Research background: The innovation in Shar??ah-compliant banking products has resulted in the rapidly increasing size of assets in Islamic banks worldwide. The assets of such banks have been growing twice as fast as those of conventional banks. Islamic banks do not depend on conventional interest, speculation, or complex derivatives stemming from banking operations. Instead, their actions in respect of profit/risk sharing, and the clarity of the contract are consistent with Islamic Shar??ah principles, which seek to promote a more equal society.

Purpose of the article: This research aims to identify and compare factors influencing the liquidity of Islamic and conventional banks in Europe. Candidate factors are sought amongst profitability, credit quality, credit expansion and capital adequacy indicators.

Methodology: First, relevant financial ratios for 249 observations on Islamic banks and 2,306 observations on conventional banks are selected and compared for the period 2013?2017. Second, liquidity is explained separately for each type of banks by panel data regression to identify its determinants in a comparative context.

Findings & value added: The results indicate that the impact of the net interest margin on the liquidity ratio of Islamic banks is insignificant, which is obviously due to the prohibition of the use of interest (riba). To the contrary, in conventional banking a higher net interest margin results in a reduction in liquidity. Capital adequacy has a positive influence upon liquidity in both types of banks, but in Islamic banking, the influence is 5.4 times greater. The findings strongly suggest that the liquidity of Islamic and conventional banks is affected by different factors.
TREATMENT OF TRADITIONAL ETHANOL FERMENTATION WASTE WITH ELECTROLYSIS METHOD FOR DECREASING COD AND SULFIDE
Authors: Saputro Dimas Eko , Fatimah Siti
Published: July 2021

Ethanol is produced from molasses by a fermentation process. In Bekonang, ethanol manufacturingby a home-scale industry so the waste just thrown away in free water then pollution occurs both in rivers and in paddy fields. Ethanol waste has very high chemical oxygen demand (COD) and contain high sulfide. Electrolysis that use for reduce leves COD dan Sulfide with electricity as main source for direct current flowing  electricity (dc) to the anode and cathode. Electrolysis time 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 minutes and voltage variation 5, 10 and 15 volt. Based on data obtained in the test COD obtained optimum levels of  284.5 mg/L from the initial content of  586 mg/L , at a time variation of 30 minutes and voltage 15 volt. The sulfide test obtained optimum levels of 0.0661 mg/L from the initial content of 0.305 mg/L, at time variation of 25 minutes and a voltage of 15 volt.