bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spatial frequency adaptation modulates population receptive field sizes
Authors: Altan Ecem , Morgan Catherine , Dakin Steven , Schwarzkopf D Samuel
Published: November 2024

The spatial tuning of neuronal populations in the early visual cortical regions is related to the spatial frequency (SF) selectivity of neurons. However, there has been no direct investigation into how this relationship is reflected in population receptive field (pRF) sizes despite the common application of pRF mapping in visual neuroscience. We hypothesised that adaptation to high/low SF would decrease the sensitivity of neurons with respectively small/large receptive field sizes, resulting in a change in pRF sizes as measured by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). To test this hypothesis, we first quantified the SF aftereffect using a psychophysical paradigm where observers made SF judgments following adaptation to high/low SF noise patterns. We then incorporated the same adaptation technique into a standard pRF mapping procedure, to investigate the spatial tuning of the early visual cortex following SF adaptation. Results showed that adaptation to a low/high SF resulted in smaller/larger pRFs respectively, as hypothesised. Our results provide the most direct evidence to date that the spatial tuning of the visual cortex, as measured by pRF mapping, is related to the SF selectivity of visual neural populations. This has implications for various domains of visual processing, including size perception and visual acuity.
Dynamics of antimicrobial resistance and virulence of Salmonella enterica serovar Dublin
Authors: Sia Cheryll M , Ambrose Rebecca L , Valcanis Mary , Andersson Patiyan , Ballard Susan A , Howden Benjamin P , Williamson Deborah A , Pearson Jaclyn S , Ingle Danielle J
Published: November 2024

Salmonella
Dublin is a host-adapted, invasive non-typhoidal
Salmonella
(iNTS) serovar that causes bloodstream infections in humans and demonstrates increasing prevalence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Here, we characterised a global population of 1,303
S
. Dublin isolates for resistance and virulence mechanisms using a combined approach of
in silico
and
in vitro
analyses. We observed distinct populations of Vi antigen-negative
S.
Dublin circulating in different geographical regions, with the emergence of a North American cluster ∼60 years ago. Further, we identified two distinct lineages in Australia, within which we discovered a novel hybrid plasmid encoding both AMR and mercuric resistance, highlighting the potential for emerging virulent and resistant lineages. These differences, in addition to the lack of Vi flagella represent adaptation mechanisms that may enhance survival and pathogenicity, and in turn affect prevention and control strategies for future
S
. Dublin infections. Collectively, our study embodies one of the most comprehensive investigations of
S
. Dublin and highlights the potential impact of pathogen adaptation on global health and economic burdens experienced by different sectors including livestock and human health.
Impact of accelerated aging on seed quality, seed coat physical structure and antioxidant enzyme activity of Maize (Zea mays L.)
Authors: Satya Srii Vijayan , Nagarajappa Nethra
Published: November 2024

Aging induces many deteriorative changes to seeds during storage like protein degradation, enzyme inactivation and loss of membrane integrity. In this study, we investigate the impact of accelerated aging on seed quality, seed coat physical structure and antioxidant enzyme activity of maize. Three genotypes African Tall, MAH 14-5 and a local landrace were selected and artificially aged for 96 and 120 h. The aging process led to a decrease in germination, vigour, and total dehydrogenase in seeds, while the electrical conductivity of seed leachates increased, indicating a decline in seed quality. Additionally, there was a variation in the microsculpture pattern of seed coats between genotypes. There was an accumulation of damage on the seed coat surface as the seeds aged and higher damage occurred in African Tall followed by MAH 14-5 and local landrace. Higher catalase, superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase activity were reported in the seed coat of Local landrace and MAH 14-5 that resisted aging and deterioration while, lower catalase, superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase activity was reported in African Tall seed coat that deteriorated during aging. Decrease antioxidant activity in aged seeds might be a possible cause of seed deterioration due to the accumulation of free radicals. Thus, these results clearly show the influence of seed coat structure and antioxidant activity on seed quality during aging.
Bridging the Gap: Enhancing Career Readiness for Agricultural Graduates in India
Authors: Sebastian Shibi , A Anuratha , R Neelavathi , E Jamuna , S Thiruvarassan , K Senthamizh , V Vijayageetha , S Ganapathy
Published: November 2024

Agricultural Educational institutions are striving to enhance their methodologies to equip graduates with skills that meet diverse industry demands. While graduates are trained in foundational agricultural science, there is a growing recognition that securing suitable employment requires competencies beyond technical expertise.  The study identifies notable gaps in these skill sets among graduates, indicating that while educational programs assess technical abilities rigorously, there is room for improvement in developing broader employability skills. The research involved final-year undergraduate students, alumni, and employers from Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU). A 67-item questionnaire was administered to students, alumni and employers. The 67 items were grouped into 16 skill categories and percentage analysis was carried out for better understanding. The analysis revealed that a significant portion of students (67.12%) are female, reflecting a positive trend in gender participation in agricultural education. However, the preference for government jobs among 85% of students raises concerns about their willingness to explore opportunities in the private sector, which may limit their career options. The study’s findings also reveal discrepancies in perceptions of essential employability skills among students, alumni, and employers. Students and alumni rated "Listening" as the most critical skill, while employers prioritized "Problem Solving and Analytic" skills.  Furthermore, the study advocates for robust career guidance programs that encourage students to consider diverse career paths, including the private sector. Additionally, addressing gender disparities in the workforce is crucial to ensure equitable opportunities for all graduates.
Optimizing Vegetative Growth and Flowering in Fuchsia x hybrida: The Role of Media, Pinching, and Growth Regulators
Authors: Chandermohan Choudhary Nandini , Thakur Rajesh , Sharma Puja , Beese Shreedhar , Sharma Nitin , Bhatia Suman , Thakur Rupali , Kanwar Babita , Devi Sunita
Published: November 2024

The present investigation was carried out at the experimental farms of Horticultural Regional training station and Krishi Vigyan Kendra at Kandaghat (Solan) Himachal Pradesh, India under polyhouse conditions. It was laid out in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 24 combinations of growing media M1: Soil+ Sand+ FYM (1:1:1v/v), M2:Cocopeat+Soil+Sand+ Leafmould+FYM (2:1:1:1v/v), M3:Cocopeat+Perlite+Vermiculite+Vermicompost (2:1:1:1 v/v), M4:Cocopeat + Vermicompost + Leafmould (2:1:1 v/v), growth regulator [G1: Control (0 ppm), G2:Benzyl adenine (150 ppm),G3: CPPU (10 ppm)] and pinching methods [P1:Single pinch and P2:Double pinch] which were replicated thrice each having 10 pots accommodating one plant per pot. Plants were raised through terminal cutting and were planted in 6-inch size pots. Study revealed that maximum plant height (33.13 cm), plant spread (33.37 cm), length of side shoots (24.67 cm) and minimum number of days taken for visible bud formation (92.40 days), number of days taken for peak flowering (160.60 days) was recorded when the single pinched plants were grown in media consisting cocopeat + Vermicompost + Leafmould (2:1:1 v/v) and sprayed with 150 ppm of benzyl adenine. However, maximum number of side shoots (27.33), number of flowers per plant (55.67), number of flowers per plant open at a time (42.93), duration of flowering (24.67days) was recorded when double pinched plants were grown in growing media consisting of cocopeat + vermicompost + Leafmould (2:1:1 v/v) and were sprayed with 150 ppm of benzyl adenine. The maximum flower diameter (4.61 cm) was recorded when single pinched plants were grown in medium consisting cocopeat + vermicompost + leafmould (2:1:1 v/v) and sprayed with 10 ppm of CPPU. Based on the present investigation findings, double pinched plants of Fuchsia x hybrida grown in pots consisting of growing media i.e., cocopeat + vermicompost+ leafmould (2:1:1 v/v), sprayed with 150 ppm of benzyl adenine is recommended to obtain quantitative and attractive pot plants of Fuchsia x hybrida.
Impact of Nutrient Management Practices in Cassava on the Growth and Yield of Red Gram in an Additive Series Intercropping System in the Southern Laterites of Kerala
Authors: George Amala Mary , Isaac Sheeba Rebecca , P. Shalini Pillai , G. Rajasree
Published: November 2024

Cassava-legume intercropping is widely promoted by virtue of the ecological, nutritional and productive benefits and the choice of the intercrop is crucial in realizing the potentials envisaged. The performance of red gram (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.) as an intercrop in cassava was evaluated in randomized block design at College of Agriculture, Vellayani, Kerala Agricultural University in three replications with different nutrient management practices in the main crop as treatments. Potassium efficient cassava variety Sree Pavithra was tested with varying levels of N, P and K. The treatments included T1 (100 % recommended dose of fertilizers), T2 (100 % RD N and P + 50 % K), T3 (100 % RD N and P + 25 % K), T4 (100 % RD N and P + 0 % K), T5 (50 % RDF), T6 (50 % RDF + PGPR Mix 1), T7 (50 % RD N and P + 25 % K), T8 (50 % RD N and P + 25 % K + PGPR Mix 1), T9 (50 % RD N and P + 0 % K), T10 (50 % RD N and P + 0 % K + PGPR Mix 1) and control (no fertilizer application). Cassava growth and yield was found to be superior in the treatments involving the consortium biofertilizer PGPR Mix 1 and was the highest in 50 % RD N and P + 0 % K + PGPR Mix 1 liquid application. The performance of red gram as an intercrop was found to be influenced by the canopy growth in cassava and yields were 80-89 per cent less than in sole cropping. The land equivalent ratio was more than one in PGPR included treatments alone indicating that intercropping was not advantageous in other treatments.
Effect of Methods of Establishment and Zinc Management on Growth and Yield of Rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Bajpai Yash , Singh Sudhakar , Pandey Deepak , Chanda S. S. , Singh P. K. , Rawat Vijay Bhan , Shukla Vipul Kumar
Published: November 2024

The field experiment was conducted at Shradhay Bhagwati Singh Agriculture Research Farm (Hajipur), Chandra Bhanu Gupta Krishi Snatkottar Mahavidyalaya, B.K.T., Lucknow (Uttar Pradesh) during Kharif (rainy) season in 2023-24. The treatment consisted of three methods of establishment (M1 – Direct seeding in lines after pre-irrigation, M2 -Broadcast of sprouted seed on puddled soil , M3 – System of Rice intensification (SRI) of (25 x 25cm) 12 days old seedling.) and five Zinc management practices (Zn0- Without zinc (control), Zn1- Zinc Sulphate ZnSo4@20kg ha-1 (Basal), Zn2- Foliar spray of Zn@0.5% at tillering and panicle initiation stage, Zn3- Seedling dipping in 2% ZnSO4+ 2 Foliar of Zn@0.5% at tillering and Panicle stage, Zn4- Seedling dipping in 2 % ZnSO4 solution+ Foliar spray of Zn@0.2% at tillering and panicle initiation stage) were tested in split-plot design with 3 replications. The Experimental site was silty loam having medium organic carbon (0.70%) and available nitrogen (270 kg ha-1), phosphorous (27 kg ha-1) and Potassium (262 kg ha1). All the growth parameters, yield attributes, yield, Zinc content and uptake of Zn into grains and straw, were increased significantly with SRI method (M3) followed by direct seeding in Lines after pre-irrigation (M2). Amongst zinc management, all the growth parameters and yield attributes of rice were maximum under Seedling dipping in 2% ZnSO4+ 2 Foliar of Zn@0.5% at tillering and panicle initiation stage, followed by Seedling dipping in 2 % ZnSO4 solution+ Foliar spray of Zn@0.2% at tillering and panicle initiation stage the maximum gross income of Rs 158938.18 ha-1 was accrued with (SRI method + T4) treatment combination. However, a combination of SRI method along with T3 treatment accrued the maximum net profit of Rs 107981.21 ha-1 and benefit: cost ratio of 2.08 which was followed by a combination of SRI method along with T4 with net income of Rs 107234.99 ha-1 and benefit cost ratio of 2.07.
Recent Advances in Mycotoxin Detection: A Review
Authors: N.B. Jesna , Thara Susha S. , Nair Chithra B.
Published: November 2024

Mycotoxins, toxic compounds produced by fungi like Aspergillus and Penicillium, pose significant health risks even at low concentrations. Detecting these contaminants in food requires intricate methods due to their low levels and complex sample matrices. Historically, toxic fungi research began with mushrooms but expanded in the mid-1800s to include other fungi, such as Claviceps purpurea, which caused ergotism through contaminated rye. Mycotoxins severely impact both human and animal health, causing issues like cancer, immune suppression, and nervous system damage, while also disrupting global food trade, affecting around 25% of crops worldwide. Traditional detection methods include chromatography (TLC, LC, GC, HPLC) and immunological assays like ELISA and LFI, though these methods have limitations. Recent advances in mycotoxin detection feature innovations like biosensors, fluorescence-based techniques, phage display technology, and smartphone-enabled systems, which offer enhanced sensitivity, specificity, and rapid detection capabilities. These methods represent a promising shift towards more efficient and precise mycotoxin analysis in food safety.
Navigating Pesticide Residue Accumulation in Arable Soils: Insights for Sustainable Agriculture
Authors: Pririti  , Sharma Tamanna , Kaushal Shilpa , Shubham
Published: November 2024

Adoption and application of wide range chemicals as pesticides for shielding crop against undesirable weeds, insects and pests has increased the overall agricultural productivity in recent decades. According to reports, pesticides which are exposed to a variety of environmental circumstances over an extended period of time cause many of their derivatives to survive in the environment. Accumulation of these chemicals in ecosystems lead their absorption in non-target creatures, planted crops and arable soils, and therefore, causing serious detrimental environmental hazards and many concerns have been brought to light on a worldwide scale. In fact, there may still be health hazards for people associated with the food chain transportation of these pesticide residual compounds. Pesticide residues absorption, on the other hand, is more difficult to understand. Characteristics of the planted crops, the physicochemical qualities of the pesticides and the ambient factors can all have a significant impact on the pesticide residue uptake process and bioavailable concentrations. In the meanwhile, this article will emphasize on overview of these pesticide residue forms and their fate in agricultural soils, mechanisms and factors hindering plant uptake for essential nutrients. To make reasonable risk forecasts for human health, future research must conduct field-based investigations in natural settings.
Factors Influencing Parental Practices Regarding Childhood Immunization in Lahore, Pakistan
Authors: Shahid Sara , Shakir Hamda , Ayesha Maryam , Kainat Areej , Qurat-ul-Ain  , Ijaz Ansa , Tahir Muhammad Ali , Fahad Muhammad , Mughal Maryam , Fatima Minahil , Amjad Umair , Iqbal Muhammad Zahid
Published: November 2024

Background: Childhood immunization is a key strategy of the World Health Organization (WHO) to reduce child mortality. The vaccine is intended to protect about 2 million and 3 million survivors per year. Despite this, Pakistan continues to struggle with vaccine-preventable diseases due to a significant number of unvaccinated children and is one of two states where the prevalence of poliovirus persists. This study aims to investigate the factors influencing parents’ decisions regarding childhood immunization in Pakistan, with a focus on understanding parental practices and perceptions surrounding vaccination
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess parent’s practices toward vaccination of their children in Lahore, Pakistan. Validated questionnaires was used to evaluate parent’s practices of childhood vaccination. The research population was 353 parents living in urban and rural areas of Lahore with children of different ages. The data collected through a questionnaire entered and analyzed by using SPSS program v21, IBM. P-values less than 0.05 were considered as statistically significant values.
Results: Out of 353 parents surveyed, majority of the study subject were mothers (56.1%) with age 25-29 years with percentage 30.0%, stating that majority of the parents have poor practice (75.4%) and a few presented good practices i.e., 24.6%. Variables like occupation, number of children, residency, living class and health care providers in respondent family shows highly significant statistical association (p<0.001) with patient’s practice regarding their child immunization.
Conclusion: The poor practice towards child immunization indicates a concerning gap in immunization adherence. The study revealed that a significant majority of parents demonstrated poor practices highlighting critical public health issues despite awareness campaigns. Factors such as limited access to healthcare facilities, socioeconomics challenges and cultural beliefs contribute to poor practice. The findings emphasize the need for improved support system and educational initiatives to bridge the gap between knowledge and practice, to enhance vaccination rates and improving public health outcomes.
Acculturation
Authors: Menéndez Francisco Gimeno-
Published: November 2024

The hypothesis of the history of humanity as a succession of acculturations was more appropriate to linguistic, social and cultural facts and to the continuity of history itself. One of the most assiduously upheld principles in historical linguistics was acculturation. There was no linguistic change without languages in contact, and both the history of languages in contact and linguistic change were part of acculturation, based on social and cultural diffusion, which implied the intrinsic relationship between linguistics, sociology and anthropology. From approximately 1970, the panorama of concern for space in the historiography relating to the Crown of Castile began to change. The entry of anthropology into history was one of the most significant historiographical data. The central idea of ecosystem and the key concept of acculturation were used by some Spanish historians, in order to offer a new interpretation of the behavior of Hispanic-Christian society. Our current working hypothesis has been an application of languages in contact, within a new project of anthropological history on the long process of formation of Hispanic Romance languages. In the history of humanity, the primary principle in the history of languages in contact and linguistic change was the acculturation of human groups.
“Human Rights And Social Justice In India: Challenges, Progress, And Pathways To Equity”
Authors: C Dr. Siddaraju
Published: November 2024

Human rights and social justice are foundational concepts for a just and equitable society, ensuring that all individuals receive fair treatment, dignity, and equality. In India, the principles of human rights and social justice are central to addressing widespread socio-economic inequalities, cultural diversity, and the challenges posed by a complex legal and social landscape. This article explores the evolution, implementation, and ongoing struggles of these concepts within the Indian context. It delves into key challenges such as poverty, caste discrimination, gender inequality, and access to resources, which continue to hinder the realization of equitable rights for all citizens. By examining legislative measures, policy reforms, and community-led initiatives, the article highlights India’s progress toward inclusive development while acknowledging persistent gaps. Through a comparative and analytical approach, the study proposes pathways for achieving greater equity and recommends actionable strategies for strengthening India’s commitment to human rights and social justice
Role Of Expanded Curb-65 Score In Predicting The Severity Of Community Acquired Pneumonia
Authors: S Indhu. , V Mohanabalamurugan. , A Nivetha.
Published: November 2024

Introduction: Assessment of severity and site of care decisions for community-acquired pneumonia patients (CAP) are very important for patients’ safety and optimal use of resources. Late admission to the intensive care unit (ICU) leads to increase the rate of mortality in CAP. We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the new expanded CURB-65 score in comparison with CURB-65 in predicting CAP patient outcomes. Materials and Methods: This was a cross sectional study which includes 90 patients presented with CAP in Government hospital for chest and communicable disease, AMC, Visakhapatnam Results: The study included 90 patients hospitalized with CAP of which mean (SD) age distribution is 51.49±16.63 years, with 64.4% being men and 83.3% of CAP patients had associated comorbidities. All patients (100%) had elevated serum LDH (> 230U/L), 87.8% had hypoalbuminemia, 8.9% had thrombocytopenia, and 4.44% had elevated BUN values within 24 hours of admission. Regarding outcomes, the ICU admission rate was 36.7%, the 30-day mortality rate was 14.4%, and 35.6% required mechanical ventilation. There was a significant association between tachypnea (respiratory rate >30/min), confusion, and thrombocytopenia (Platelet Count < 100×103/mm3) with 30-day mortality, according to univariate analysis. The current study found that as 30-day mortality for Expanded CURB score of (0-2), (3-4) and (5-8) is 0,4%and 9% respectively, requirement of mechanical ventilation and ICU admission rate were 2%,22%, 8% and2%,23%,8% respectively. Length of hospital stay increase as the score increase with median length of hospital stay being 7 days. Conclusion: Compared to CURB-65 and other assessment tools, the Expanded-CURB-65 score, which extends independent risk factors to 8 variables in assessing CAP severity, significantly improves identifying high-risk patients and thereby helps in early institution of appropriate therapy
Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio, Platelet- Lymphocyte Ratio And Mean Platelet Volume In Second Trimester Pregnancy For Prediction Of Preeclampsia
Authors: Nayak Dr. Vaibhav
Published: November 2024

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Orthodontic Camouflage For Class II Malocclusion: A Case Study Using Miniscrew Implants And Strategic Extractions
Authors: Basyouni Mohamed E , Ismail Libya Omar
Published: November 2024

This case report describes the orthodontic treatment of a 21-year-old Caucasian female patient with a Class III incisor relationship on a Class II skeletal base and increased vertical proportions. The patient presented with severe crowding in both upper and lower arches, gingivitis, molar incisors hypomineralization, and extensive caries in the LL6 tooth. She also exhibited decreased overjet, a complete overbite, and a significant shift in upper and lower dental midlines. The primary objective of treatment was to correct the malocclusion through orthodontic camouflage, which involved the extraction of upper and lower first premolars on the right side and first molars on the left. Miniscrew implants were utilized to enhance anchorage. Fixed appliances with a preadjusted MBT prescription were employed for alignment and leveling of both arches. The treatment resulted in improved occlusion, correction of midlines, and resolution of the patient’s aesthetic concerns. The case underscores the efficacy of orthodontic camouflage in managing complex malocclusion cases in adults while avoiding surgical intervention.
Relationship Between Early Childhood Caries And Iron Levels In Children: A Systematic Review
Authors: . .
Published: November 2024

Background: Early childhood caries (ECC) is one of the most common diseases in early years of life. It is considered a serious public health problem. Though preventable, globally over 530 million children have decay in their primary teeth, and the condition is highly prevalent in both developed and developing countries. It has also been reported to have a close relationship with other systemic deficiencies. Materials and Methods: A systematic review on ECC and iron deficiency was done based on published articles in PubMed and Google scholar databases. The search profiles included ECC/risk factor, ECC/anemia, ECC/ferritin, and ECC/iron. Inclusion criteria comprised of all studies that focused on ECC and iron. Results: A significant relationship was observed between iron deficiency (ID) and occurrence of ECC. Several theories have been laid down in this regard. Our listed studies states that children with ECC appear to be at greater odds of having low iron and haemoglobin levels depicting iron deficiency anemia as compared to the control groups. Conclusions: Based on our findings, it is concluded that the incidence of ECC in young children appears to be associated with iron deficiency even in its mildest form. It is one of the risk factors for ID in children. More research needs to be done to examine lifestyle and socioeconomic risk factors that are associated with malnourishment.
Propriedade Intelectual E Transferência De Tecnologia: Uma Proposta Metodológica De Ensino Para Projetos Integradores Elaborados Na Educação Profissional
Authors: Silva Vanessa Coelho Da , Oliveira Fabiana Lucena De , Oliveira Raimundo Correa
Published: November 2024

Este estudo aborda o desenvolvimento e a integração de uma metodologia inovadora para o ensino de Propriedade Intelectual (PI) e Transferência de Tecnologia (TT) em Projetos Integradores no contexto da Educação Profissional Técnica no SENAC de Parintins, Amazonas. Visando aprimorar a formação técnica dos estudantes e promover a compreensão dos aspectos legais, econômicos e estratégicos da inovação e proteção intelectual, a pesquisa adota um enfoque qualitativo exploratório-descritivo, combinando análise bibliográfica e documental com entrevistas junto a docentes e gestores. O objetivo é realizar um estudo de caso sobre a inserção efetiva dos conteúdos de PI e TT na didática dos Projetos Integradores, avaliando a integração atual desses saberes no currículo e propondo estratégias para sua otimização. A relevância deste estudo reside na crescente importância da inovação e na necessidade de proteger o conhecimento no cenário global, onde a PI e TT são elementos chave para o avanço tecnológico e competitividade econômica. Ao término, o projeto pretende fomentar o engajamento dos alunos por meio de metodologias ativas e tecnologias educacionais, visando suprir deficiências formativas e fortalecer a consciência sobre a importância da PI e TT. Assim, a pesquisa contribui para uma formação mais robusta, preparando os alunos para os desafios atuais do mercado de trabalho.
Uso Dos Conceitos Do Lean Para A Melhoria De Serviços Educacionais: O Caso Das Escolas Públicas Do Estado Do Amazonas
Authors: Costa Lucas Lima Da , Junior Milton Vieira
Published: November 2024

Diante dos desafios enfrentados pelas instituições de ensino para atender às demandas crescentes por serviços educacionais de qualidade, surge a necessidade de abordagens inovadoras para melhorar a eficiência e a eficácia desses serviços. O conceito Lean, originário do setor industrial e focado na eliminação de desperdícios e na otimização de processos, apresenta-se como uma abordagem promissora para a melhoria dos serviços educacionais. Este artigo tem como objetivo propor a aplicação dos princípios e ferramentas do Lean na melhoria de serviços educacionais, visando aumentar a qualidade, reduzir custos e promover a satisfação das partes interessadas. O estudo analisa os princípios Lean e sua aplicabilidade no contexto educacional, com estudos de caso em instituições de ensino para análise prática da implementação desses conceitos. Os resultados indicam que essas práticas podem reduzir desperdícios, aumentar a eficiência operacional e melhorar a organização do ambiente escolar, contribuindo para uma gestão mais eficaz e sustentável dos recursos educacionais. A pesquisa destaca, ainda, os desafios e adaptações necessárias para a aplicação do Lean em contextos educacionais, enfatizando a importância de uma abordagem flexível que considere as especificidades das escolas públicas do Amazonas
Seizures, periodic and rhythmic patterns in primary intraventricular hemorrhage
Authors: Stretz Christoph , Sheikh Zubeda , Maciel Carolina B. , Hirsch Lawrence J. , Gilmore Emily J.
Published: August 2018

Objective

Primary intraventricular hemorrhage (pIVH) uncommonly presents with seizures. There are no prior data regarding the frequency of seizures, periodic and rhythmic patterns on continuous electroencephalography (EEG), (cEEG) in these patients.

Methods

We retrospectively assessed frequency of seizures, periodic discharges, and rhythmic patterns in pIVH patients undergoing cEEG monitoring. We reviewed indications for cEEG, demographics, GCS at presentation and during cEEG, modified Graeb score (mGS), presence of hydrocephalus, cEEG duration, findings and use of antiseizure medications (ASM). cEEG patterns were classified according to location and morphology. All patterns were considered “hyperexcitable” except GRDA. The ictal‐interictal continuum (IIC) was defined as LRDA, PDs, and/or SW >1 Hz but <2.5 Hz, not meeting criteria for definite electrographic seizures.

Results

Eleven patients had pIVH with median age of 81 (46–87) years and median mGS of 15 (9–23). Hydrocephalus was present in 7 (63.6%) and all underwent external ventricular drain (EVD) placement. Median cEEG recording was 19 (12–156) hours. Periodic or rhythmic EEG patterns were seen in 7 of 11 (64%), 5 of which were “hyperexcitable”. For the 5 patients with pIVH, EVDs, and hyperexcitable patterns, 4 (80%) were lateralized contralateral to the EVD and 1 (20%) was generalized to the EVD. The only significant difference between the hyperexcitable and non‐hyperexcitable group was duration of cEEG monitoring (P = 0.007).

Interpretation

Hyperexcitable patterns were common in our cases. Further research is warranted to assess prevalence of hyperexcitable patterns, their risk factors, underlying pathophysiology, and association with neuronal injury in pIVH.
Direct Synthesis of 2‐Acyl Acridines Using Aldimines and Anthranils: Evaluation of Cytotoxicity and Anti‐Inflammatory Activity
Authors: Kim Saegun , Kundu Amit , Chun Rina , Han Sang Hoon , Pandey Ashok Kumar , Yoo Sungin , Park Junghyun , Kim Hyung Sik , Ku Jin‐Mo , Kim In Su
Published: August 2018

Rhodium (III)‐catalyzed C−H aminations of aldimines with anthranils followed by intramolecular cyclization are described. These transformations facilitate the efficient generation of 2‐acyl acridines, which are important motifs found in bioactive natural products and pharmaceuticals. All synthesized 2‐acyl acridines were first screened for cytotoxic activity against human renal carcinoma cells (CAKI‐1 and 786‐O) and human breast carcinoma cells (MCF‐7). Compound 3 z showed the most potent cytotoxic activity, which is stronger than that of doxorubicin against CAKI‐1 and 786‐O cells. In addition, compounds that exhibited potent cytotoxicities were selected for further in vitro anti‐inflammatory activity testing using interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) with lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced RAW264.7 cells. Notably, compounds (3 k, 3 n, 3 s and 3 x–3 z) were found to exhibit inhibitory activities that are about two‐ to three‐times more potent than that of the anti‐inflammatory drug dexamethasone.
Hippocampal amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methyl‐4‐isoxazolepropionic acid GluA1 (AMPAGluA1) receptor subunit involves in learning and memory improvement following treatment withCentella asiaticaextract in adolescent rats
Authors: Binti Mohd Yusuf Yeo Nor Aqilah , Muthuraju Sangu , Wong Jia Hui , Mohammed Faruque Reza , Senik Mohd Harizal , Zhang Jingli , Yusof Siti Rafidah , Jaafar Hasnan , Adenan Mohd llham , Mohamad Habsah , Tengku Muhammad Tengku Sifzizul , Abdullah Jafri Malin
Published: August 2018

Introduction

Centella asiaticais an herbal plant that contains phytochemicals that are widely believed to have positive effects on cognitive function. The adolescent stage is a critical development period for the maturation of brain processes that encompass changes in physical and psychological systems. However, the effect ofC. asiaticahas not been extensively studied in adolescents. The aim of this study was therefore to investigate the effects of aC. asiaticaextract on the enhancement of learning and memory in adolescent rats.

Methods

The locomotor activity, learning, and memory were assessed by using open field test and water T‐maze test. This study also examined changes in neuronal cell morphology using cresyl violet and apoptosis staining. We also performed immunohistochemical study to analyse the expression of the glutamateAMPAreceptor (α‐amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methyl‐4‐isoxazolepropionic acid) GluA1 subunit and theGABAreceptor (γ‐Aminobutyric Acid) subtypeGABAAα1 subunit in the hippocampus of the same animals.

Results

We found no significant changes in locomotor activity (p > 0.05). The water T‐maze data showed that 30 mg/kg dose significantly (p < 0.05) improved learning, memory, and the memory consolidation phase but had no effect on reversal learning (p > 0.05). Histological data revealed no neuronal morphological changes. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed increased expression of theAMPAGluA1 receptor subunit but there was no effect onGABAAreceptor α1 subunit expression in theCA1 andCA2 subregions of the hippocampus.

Conclusions

TheC. asiaticaextract therefore improved hippocampus‐dependent spatial learning and memory in a dose‐dependent manner in rats through the GluA1‐containingAMPAreceptor in theCA1 andCA2 sub regions of the hippocampus.
Vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia treated with a combination of surgical excision and laser ablation during pregnancy
Authors: Wang Liangcheng , Kawabe Ayaka , Kikugawa Atsuko , Takagi Akiyoshi , Kuromaki Kenichi
Published: August 2018

Key Clinical Message

Most vulvar intraepithelial neoplasias are associated with human papillomavirus. However, detailed surgical plans during pregnancy are rarely discussed. We suggest that the treatment policy should focus on performing surgical excision on multifocal lesions, combined surgical excision/laser ablation on single lesions, and preserving unaffected perineal skin, if possible.
The Parsortix™ Cell Separation System—A versatile liquid biopsy platform
Authors: Miller M. Craig , Robinson Peggy S. , Wagner Christopher , O'Shannessy Daniel J.
Published: August 2018

Cancer cells from solid tumors can enter the circulatory system and survive to subsequently form distant metastases. The CellSearch® system (Menarini‐Silicon Biosystems, Huntingdon Valley, PA) was the first, FDA‐cleared system that provided a reliable tool for the investigation of circulating tumor cells (CTCs), which have been shown to be strongly associated with poor survival and therapy failure. Since that time, a number of new technologies have been introduced to improve CTC detection and/or isolation for further characterization. The continued and growing interest in the “liquid biopsy” field has spurred the development of numerous different CTC technologies. However, selecting the most appropriate CTC platform for individual applications can be challenging. No consensus has yet been reached in the community regarding which liquid biopsy technology is optimal. Here, we introduce the Parsortix™ Cell Separation System (ANGLE North America, Inc., King of Prussia, PA), a microfluidic based technology that captures rare cells based on size and deformability, offers reproducibly high capture efficiency, and produces highly enriched, viable (viability dependent on preservative used) CTCs that are amenable to a multitude of downstream analyses, including the isolation and interrogation of single cells. © 2018 The Authors. Cytometry Part A published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.
Assessment of the results of a three‐year program for National Standardization and Quality Improvement of Medical Laboratories on Drug of Abuse Testing by the Ministry of Health in Turkey
Authors: Küme Tuncay , Mercan Ferzane , Topsakal Hatice , Karakukcu Cigdem , Şeneş Mehmet , Pınar Aslı , Gürler Mukaddes , Kalafat Hakan , Ünal Belgin , Verstraete Alain G. , Hamurtekin Yeşim , Aydınlı Ahmet , Şenol Yasemin , Eğin Muhammed Ertuğrul , Cihan Alper , Kazancı Elif Güler , Gümüş Eyüp
Published: August 2018

The aim of this study is to assess the results of inspections in the last three years of drug abuse testing in medical laboratories according to the latest regulations in Turkey. The on‐site inspections of medical laboratories for drugs abuse testing performed in Alcohol and Drug Addiction Treatment Centers during 2014–2016 are described, and laboratory processes and performance evaluated. The performance of 35 laboratories in 2014, 62 laboratories in 2015, and 94 laboratories in 2016 were scored as the sum of the scores for all answers on the inspection form. An inspected laboratory was considered to have an unconformity if the total score was less than 2/3 of maximum score. The total scores of inspections and the number of laboratories with between years were compared using one‐way analysis of variance and slope Chi‐square for trend test, respectively. Total scores increased statistically significantly from 35.9 ± 16.2 in 2014, to 43.5 ± 16.3 in 2015 and 49.1 ± 1.3 in 2016 (p < 0.001). The laboratories with unconformities decreased statistically significantly from 57% in 2014 to 37% in 2015 and 22% in 2016 (p < 0.001). The published legislation and the inspections contributed to national standardization and improved quality of service in medical laboratories for drug abuse testing.
Evaluation of the Stoichiometry between PtCl62− and TOA+ Ions during the Liquid/Liquid Extraction
Authors: Wu Shu , Nguyen Linh , Dang Jenny , Liang Kevin , Dail Christopher , Henriquez Brenda , Huynh Quyen T. , Dinh Uyen N. , Liang Yuhao , Anz Samir , Sun Peng
Published: August 2018

The transfer of PtCl62− ions into the organic phase facilitated by TOA+ is the very first step in the Brust‐Schiffrin (BS) two‐phase synthesis of monolayer protected Pt nanoparticles. However, the stoichiometry between TOA+ and PtCl62− during the facilitated transfer process is still unknown. In this paper, a hemispherical micro‐liquid/liquid interface, which is formed between a PtCl62− aqueous filled micropipette and an organic phase, has been employed to study the stoichiometry of TOA+ facilitated transfer of PtCl62−. Due to the even diffusion field at the hemispherical micro‐liquid/liquid interface, the theoretical i‐V curve for TOA+ facilitated transfer of PtCl62− can be derived in a simple way. By simulating the theoretical i‐V curve to the experimental voltammogram, the stoichiometry of TOA+ facilitated transfer of PtCl62− was evaluated to be 8.
Effect of dietary supplement from mono‐culture fermentation of Moringa oleifera seeds by Rhizopus stolonifer on hematology and markers linked to hypercholesterolemia in rat model
Authors: Adedayo Majekodunmi R. , Akintunde Jacob K. , Sani Alhassan , Boligon Aline A.
Published: August 2018

Mono‐culture fermentation by Rhizopus stolonifer could promote the healthiness of immune systems and cholesterol levels. Hence, we examined the effect of diet from mono‐culture fermentation of Moringa oleifera seeds by R. stolonifer (MCF‐MORS) on hematological parameters and fundamental indicators of hypercholesterolemia in rat. The animals were divided into six groups (n = 6). Group 1 was placed on basal diet. Group II, III, IV and V were placed on a basal diets supplemented with 7.5%, 15%, 22.5% and 30%, respectively, of MCF‐MORS. Group VI was placed on basal diet fed with unfermented M. oleifera seeds (UF‐MOS). The experiment lasted for eight weeks. The results revealed 7.5% MCF‐MORS as better biological method to augment PCV, RBC and Hb count in animal model. Also, 7.5% and/or 15% MCF‐MORS demonstrated highest levels in centrophils, neutrophils and eosinophils, whereas the levels of lymphocytes, basophils and monocytes showed no significant difference. Similarly, 7.5% and 15% MCF‐MORS modulated LDL and HDL, respectively, better than UF‐MOS; but showing no difference in cholesterol level. MCF‐MORS also maintained architectural integrity of villi and splenocytes better than UF‐MOS. We therefore concluded that diet from MCF‐MORS at 7.5% and 15% modulates HDL, LDL, cholesterol and immune system‐related disorders better than UF‐MOS in rat model.
JAGN1 is required for fungal killing in neutrophil extracellular traps: Implications for severe congenital neutropenia
Authors: Khandagale Avinash , Lazzaretto Beatrice , Carlsson Göran , Sundin Mikael , Shafeeq Sulman , Römling Ute , Fadeel Bengt
Published: August 2018

Mutations in the gene JAGN1 were recently discovered in patients with severe congenital neutropenia (SCN). Neutrophils release neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) consisting of decondensed chromatin decorated with various granular proteins such as neutrophil elastase and myeloperoxidase (MPO) to combat microbial infections. However, whether JAGN1 is required for the formation or function of NETs is not known. Here, we analyzed primary neutrophils from a patient with homozygous JAGN1 mutations with respect to phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)-induced NET formation. NET release was observed, but there appeared to be a reduced level of expression of MPO in the NETs. To study this further, we differentiated HL-60 cells into neutrophil-like cells and silenced JAGN1 expression by transfection with siRNA. These cells remained capable of producing NETs, but MPO expression was severely affected, and NETs released by JAGN1-silenced cells were ineffective in killing Candida albicans. The candidacidal function was restored upon treatment with GM-CSF or addition of MPO. GM-CSF also up-regulated the expression of calprotectin in NETs. Notably, JAGN1 did not impact on N-glycosylation of MPO in neutrophil-like HL-60 cells. These studies shed light on the susceptibility of SCN patients to fungal infections and the role of JAGN1 for the antimicrobial function of neutrophils exerted by NETs.

The present study explores the role of JAGN1 for the candidacidal function of neutrophil extracellular traps, with implications for severe congenital neutropenia.
Dosimetric comparison of surface mould HDR brachytherapy with VMAT
Authors: Boman Eeva L. , Paterson Dean B. , Pearson Shelley , Naidoo Nichola , Johnson Carol
Published: August 2018

Introduction

The aim of this study was to investigate the dosimetric differences between surface mould high‐dose‐rate (HDR) brachytherapy and external beam volumetric‐modulated arc therapy (VMAT) for two treatment sites.

Methods

Previously treated HDR brachytherapy surface mould scalp (n = 4) and lower leg (n = 3) treatments were retrospectively analysed. The VMAT plans were optimised using an additional 3‐mm setup margin on the clinical target volume (CTV) of the previously treated HDR plans. The HDR plans were calculated and normalised using the TG‐43 formalism and recalculated with Acuros BV (AC).

Results

On average, the mean brain and normal tissue doses were reduced by 44.8% and 27.4% for scalp and lower leg VMAT cases, respectively, when compared to AC calculated HDR plans. For VMAT plans, the average dose to a 1‐mm thick skin structure deep to the target volume was not any lower than that in AC HDR plans. On average, the CTV coverage was 13.8% and 9.6% lower for scalp cases with AC dose calculation than with TG‐43 and 8.3% and 5.3% lower for lower leg cases if 0‐ or 1‐cm backscatter material was applied above the catheters, respectively.

Conclusions

VMAT is a feasible treatment option in the case of extensive skin malignancies of the scalp and lower leg. Uncertainties related to delivered dose with HDR brachytherapy when using the TG‐43 dose calculation model or possible air gaps between the mould and skin favour the use of VMAT. The potential soft tissue deformation needs to be considered if VMAT is used.
Properties of Polydimethylsiloxane and Magnetoactive Polymers with Electroconductive Particles
Authors: Prem Nina , Vega Jhohan Chavez , Böhm Valter , Sindersberger Dirk , Monkman Gareth J. , Zimmermann Klaus
Published: August 2018

Magnetoactive polymers are intelligent materials whose mechanical and electrical characteristics are reversibly influenced by external magnetic stimuli. They consist of a highly elastic polymer matrix in which magnetically soft and/or hard particles are distributed by means of special fabrication processes. In addition to ferromagnetic particles such as carbonyl iron powder, electrically conductive particles may also be embedded into the polymer matrix. After characterizing a range of compounds, this work focuses on a comparison of the electrical properties and the suitability of various materials for applications, with particular emphasis on integration into 3D and 6D printing processes. 6D printing is based on the selective positioning of particles in a 3D polymer matrix with a further three degrees of freedom for a graduated dispersion of the particles at certain points and in desired directions. The aim is therefore to ensure that the polymers containing electroconductive tracks have the best possible electrical properties, that is, low resistivity but are still capable of being printed. A comparison between the traditionally used compounds containing graphite and carbon black is made for the first time. This latter is found to be greatly superior both in terms of electrical conductivity and applicability to 3D printing and 6D printing.
Advances in Passive Remote Sensing of the Ocean
Authors: ABBOTT MARK R. , CHELTON DUDLEY B.
Published: August 2018

Remote sensing of ocean processes using infrared, visible, and passive microwave data has advanced considerably over the last eight years. Although the basic sensors remained the same, techniques for processing and deriving geophysical and biological data have improved substantially. Infrared data are used routinely to derive high quality sea surface temperature estimates, and visible data are used to produce estimates of near‐surface phytoplankton pigment concentrations. Passive microwave data are used to estimate sea surface temperature, water vapor, wind speed, and rain rate. These basic data sets are then in turn used in estimating upper ocean velocities, water column primary production, and air/sea fluxes of latent heat and freshwater. Challenges remain in the area of algorithm development, but improvements in data processing and access has expanded the volume and range of oceanographic applications of these satellite data sets.