bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chondroitinase ABC Administration in Locomotion Recovery After Spinal Cord Injury: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors:   Department of Physiology, Researcher at Physiology Research Center, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Yousefifard Mahmoud , Janzadeh Atousa ,   Radiation Biology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Mohamed Ali Kosar ,   Department of Respiratory Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimani, Iraq., Vazirizadeh-Mahabadi Mohammad Hossein ,   Researcher at Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Sarveazad Arash ,   Colorectal Research Center, Researcher at Nursing Care Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Madani Neishaboori Arian ,   Researcher at Physiology Research Centre, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Hosseini Mostafa ,   Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Published: July 2021

Introduction: The present systematic review and meta-analysis aims to conduct a comprehensive and complete search of electronic resources to investigate the role of administrating Chondroitinase ABC (ChABC) in improving complications following Spinal Cord Injuries (SCI). Methods: MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Sciences databases were searched until the end of 2019. Two independent reviewers assessed the studies conducted on rats and mice and summarized the data. Using the STATA 14.0 software, the findings were reported as pooled standardized mean differences (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results: A total of 34 preclinical studies were included. ChABC administration improves locomotion recovery after SCI (SMD=0.90; 95% CI: 0.61 to 1.20; P<0.001). The subgroup analysis showed that the differences in the SCI model (P=0.732), the severity of the injury (P=0.821), the number of ChABC administrations (P=0.092), the blinding status (P=0.294), the use of different locomotor score (P=0.567), and the follow-up duration (P=0.750) have no effect on the efficacy of ChABC treatment. Conclusion: The findings of the present study showed that prescribing ChABC has a moderate effect in improving locomotion after SCI in mice and rats. However, this moderate effect introduces ChABC as adjuvant therapy and not as primary therapy.
Quantitative Comparison of Analytical Solution and Finite Element Method for Investigation of Near-infrared Light Propagation in Brain Tissue Model
Authors:   Control and Intelligent Processing Center of Excellence, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran., Borjkhani Hadi , Setarehdan Seyed Kamaledin ,   Control and Intelligent Processing Center of Excellence, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is an imaging method in which a light source and detector are installed on the head; consequently, the re-emission of light from human skin contains information about cerebral hemodynamic alteration. The spatial probability distribution profile of photons penetrating tissue at a source spot, scattering into the tissue, and being released at an appropriate detector position, represents the spatial sensitivity. Methods: Modeling light propagation in a human head is essential for quantitative near-infrared spectroscopy and optical imaging. The specific form of the distribution of light is obtained using the theory of perturbation. An analytical solution of the perturbative diffusion equation (DE) and finite element method (FEM) in a Slab media (similar to the human head) makes it possible to study light propagation due to absorption and scattering of brain tissue. Results: The simulation result indicates that sensitivity is slowly decreasing in the deep area, and the sensitivity below the source and detector is the highest. The depth sensitivity and computation time of both analytical and FEM methods are compared. The simulation time of the analytical approach is four times larger than the FEM. Conclusion: In this paper, an analytical solution and the performance of FEM methods when applied to the diffusion equation for heterogeneous media with a single spherical defect are compared. The depth sensitivity along with the computation time of simulation has been investigated for both methods. For simple and Slab modes of the human brain, the analytical solution is the right candidate. Whenever the brain model is sophisticated, it is possible to use FEM methods, but it costs a higher computation time.
Retinal Ganglion Cell Complex in Alzheimer Disease: Comparing Ganglion Cell Complex and Central Macular Thickness in Alzheimer Disease and Healthy Subjects Using Spectral Domain-Optical Coherence Tomography
Authors:   Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran., Farzinvash Zahra , Abutorabi-Zarchi Marzie ,   Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran., Manaviat Masoudreza ,   Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran., Zare Mehrjerdi Habib ,   Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Alzheimer disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia worldwide. The modalities to diagnose AD are generally expensive and limited. Both the central nervous system (CNS) and the retina are derived from the cranial neural crest; therefore, changes in retinal layers may reflect changes in the CNS tissue. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) machine can show delicate retinal layers and is widely used for retinal disorders. This study aims to find a new biomarker to help clinicians diagnose AD via retinal OCT examination. Methods: After considering the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 25 patients with mild and moderate AD and 25 healthy subjects were enrolled in the study. OCT was done for all eyes. The central macular thickness (CMT) and the ganglion cell complex (GCC) thickness were calculated. The groups were compared using the SPSS software, v. 22. Results: Both GCC thickness and CMT were significantly decreased in patients with AD when compared to healthy age- and sex-matched individuals. Conclusion: Retinal changes, specifically CMT and GCC thickness, may reflect the AD process in the brain. OCT can be considered a non-invasive and inexpensive method to help diagnose AD.
QT Interval Changes in Children With Febrile Convulsion Compared With Healthy
Authors:   Children and Adolescent Health Research Center, Research Institute of Cellular and Molecular Science in Infectious Diseases, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Zahedan, Iran., Noori Noor Mohammad , Khajeh Ali ,   Children and Adolescent Health Research Center, Research Institute of Cellular and Molecular Science in Infectious Diseases, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Zahedan, Iran., Teimouri Alireza ,   Children and Adolescent Health Research Center, Research Institute of Cellular and Molecular Science in Infectious Diseases, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Zahedan, Iran.
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Febrile seizure is a temperature-related seizure that affects the QT interval. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the changes in the QT interval caused by febrile convulsion (FC) compared with healthy children. Methods: This case-control study examined 180 children equally distributed between patients and controls. The study was conducted at the Ali Ebne Abi Talib Hospital in Zahedan City, Iran. The disease was diagnosed and confirmed based on standard definitions of FC. QT interval was measured by ECG and interpreted by a pediatric cardiologist, and collected data were analyzed using SPSS software, version 19 with a 0.05 significant level. Results: Among the ECG parameters, HR, R in aVL, S in V3, LVM, QTd, QTc, and QTcd were significantly different in children with FCs compared to their peers. From those who had abnormal QTd, FC children were more frequent which was not significant (χ2=1.053, P=0.248), while children with FC had significantly more abnormality regarding QTc (χ2=13.032, P<0.001) and QTcd (χ2=21.6, P<0.001). In children with FC, those who were less than 12 months had the highest level of HR which was not significant (χ2=4.59, P=0.101). Similar trends occurred for R in aVL and S in V3 that were higher in the age group >24 months (P>0.05). Children in the age group of >24 months had significantly had the highest LVM (χ2=52.674, P<0.001) and the other QT parameters were the same in FC children with different age groups (P>0.05). Conclusion: It is concluded that dispersion corrected QT, corrected QT, and dispersion QT changed significantly in children with FC in comparison with the healthy children with constant values in children with FC in different age groups.
Cannabidiol Modulating the Expression of Neurotrophin Signaling Pathways in Chronic Exposure to Methamphetamine in Rats During Abstinence Period
Authors:   Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Razavi Yasaman , Najafi Mohammad ,   Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Haghparast Abbas ,   Neuroscience Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Keyhanfar Fariborz ,   Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Shabani Ronak ,   Reproductive Sciences and Technology Research Center, Department of Anatomy, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Mehdizadeh Mehdi ,   Reproductive Sciences and Technology Research Center, Department of Anatomy, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Several neuropsychiatric disorders, such as addiction, have indicated variations in the levels of neurotrophic factors. As an extremely addictive stimulant, methamphetamine (METH) is associated with rising levels of abuse worldwide. We have recently demonstrated that repeated intracerebroventricular (ICV) of cannabidiol (CBD), the most important non-psychotomimetic compound, can lead to diminished impairing memory and hippocampal damage caused by chronic exposure to METH (CEM) in rats over the abstinence period. Furthermore, the results indicated a possible contribution of the neurotrophin signaling pathway (NSP) in regulating neurogenesis and survival. This study intends to evaluate whether these effects remained as measured in molecular pathways after the abstinence period. Methods: The animals were given 2mg/kg METH twice a day for 10 days. Then, we adopted real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) throughout the 10-day abstinence period to assess the CBD’s effect (10 and 50μg/5μL) on the levels of the mRNA expression of the NSP. Results: The findings suggested that CEM, when compared to the control group in the hippocampus, downregulated mRNA expression of NSP. Moreover, a dosage of 50 μg/5μL CBD may possibly enhance the mRNA expression level of BDNF/TrkB and NGF/TrkA in the hippocampus. Besides, the expression of RAF-1 mRNA level could be reversed significantly by both doses of CBD. Conclusion: According to our results, CBD may partly bring about neuroprotective effects by modulating the NSP. These findings set forth solid evidence demonstrating that CBD is a protective factor attributed to neuropsychiatric disorders, such as METH addiction.
Pattern of Compliance and Efficacy of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Protocol for Treating Major Depressive Disorder Among Treatment Participants and Completers: A Report From Iran
Authors:   Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Alaghband-rad Javad , Motamed Mahtab ,   Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Khazaeipour Zahra ,   Cord Injury Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Farhadbeigi Parvaneh ,   Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research, Alborz Branches, Karaj, Iran.
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Since the introduction of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) intervention in 2008, a breakthrough has been made in treating major depressive disorder (MDD). However, many sessions of treatment and its cost make it inconvenient for those who seek treatment, especially in large cities as well as in developing countries. Methods: A total of 22 patients (out of initial 24 referrals) who met diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 4th edition (DSM IV) criteria for MDD were enrolled in the study. All subjects had to fail at least one prior treatment for depression. The patients received the FDA-approved protocol of high-frequency (10 Hz) rTMS over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Results: Seventeen out of twenty-two cases showed significant improvements after two weeks of treatment. Only six patients continued their treatments for the next two to four weeks. Conclusion: We have replicated other studies showing that the use of rTMS is effective for many patients with MDD without major side effects and their improvements are measurable mostly after two weeks. Our data highlight the importance of the application of more convenient protocols that require fewer sessions on fewer days to help with compliance and outcome, particularly in large populated cities and countries, such as Iran going through economic hardship.
Problematic Smartphone Use and Aggressive Behavior Among University Students: The Mediating Role of Sleep Disturbance
Authors:   Department of Psychology, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran., Zarei Salman
Published: July 2021

Background: Despite several benefits, research has found that problematic smartphone use is positively associated with behavioral problems. However, the internal mechanisms underlying this relationship need further investigation. So, the current study aimed to investigate the mediating role of sleep disturbance in the relationship between problematic smartphone use and aggression. Methods: The research design was descriptive-correlational. Also, the study population included the male university students of the Islamic Azad University of South Tehran Branch in the academic year of 2019-2020. Using the convenience sampling method, a total number of 213 participants from two faculties (Faculty of Human Sciences and Faculty of Law and Political Sciences) were selected and tested by Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire, Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version, and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Then, the Pearson correlation and path analysis were conducted to analyze the data. Results: The results revealed the significant and direct effects of problematic smartphone use on aggression (β=0.12, P<0.05), sleep quality on aggression (β=0.37, P<0.001), and problematic smartphone use on sleep disturbance (β=0.42, P<0.001). Also, sleep quality significantly mediated in the relationship between problematic smartphone use and aggression (β=0.15, P<0.01). Conclusion: According to the present findings, problematic smartphone use and sleep disturbance are two important factors affecting aggressive behavior among university students. These findings highlight the critical role of early intervention for aggression with a focus on those with problematic smartphone use and more specifically those with sleep disturbance.
Effects of Social Marketing Intervention on Physical Activity promotion Among the Elderly
Authors:   Department of sport management, Faculty on Sciences Sport, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, Iran., Rohani Zahra , Andam Reza ,   Department of sport management, Faculty on Sciences Sport, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, Iran., Bahrololoum Hasan ,   Department of sport management, Faculty on Sciences Sport, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, Iran., Memari Zhaleh ,   Department of Sport Management, Faculty on Sciences Sport, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran.
Published: July 2021

Background: Social marketing emphasizes the use of commercial marketing concepts and their application for social purposes and also the change of voluntary behavior in a nonprofit manner. This study mainly aimed to examine the effectiveness of social marketing in changing the physical activity of the elderly. Besides, this study sought to determine the extent to which the Andreason social marketing criteria have been targeted in social marketing interventions. Methods: This was a narrative review study that investigated social marketing interventions to promote elderly physical activity, during 2000-2019. The scientific databases (Elmnet, SID, Irandoc, Civilica, Medline, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, Web of Science, ProQuest, and Emerald) were searched between February and March 2019. The searched keywords included physical activity, social marketing, the elderly, social marketing mix, improving physical activity level, social marketing intervention, social marketing campaigns, and the Andreasen criteria. Finally, nine articles entered the study. Then, the mixed marketing components were extracted from the interventions, and six benchmarks of the Andrasen social marketing interventions were analyzed. Results: Most articles employed four components of the marketing mix. No intervention had applied the six measures of the Andrasen social marketing criteria. Also, five studies reported positive behavioral changes. However, other studies have reported no change in negative behavior. According to the evidence gathered in our study, social marketing offers an effective behavioral change approach to increase physical activity in the elderly. Conclusion: The present findings provide the basis for comprehensive and effective social marketing interventions.
Shoulder Disorders: The Challenging Issue Among Orthopedic Surgeons
Authors:   Orthopaedic Research Center, Department of Orthopaedic, Poursina Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran., Mardani-Kivi Mohsen , Shirangi Ardeshir ,   Department of Orthopedic, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran., Mardani-Kivi Aryan ,   Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Tehran Medical Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran., Haghparast Ghadim-Limudahi Zahra ,   Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran., Izadi Amin ,   Department of Orthopedic, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
Published: July 2021

Background: Choose a proper therapeutic approach for various shoulder joint involvements is still a significant challenge. Objectives: The study aimed to assess the knowledge and attitude of orthopedic surgeons in managing patients with shoulder problems. Methods: In a cross-sectional survey, a questionnaire consisted of 2 different parts was directly presented to orthopedic surgeons. Part 1 investigated the experience of shoulder surgeries, and part 2 evaluated their knowledge and attitude toward 4 patients with different scenarios. Results: The surgeons were divided into 2 groups: shoulder surgeons (n=17) and general orthopedic surgeons (n=192). The first scenario is about a 21-year-old male with first anterior shoulder dislocation. In this scenario, shoulder surgeons chose surgical intervention more than general surgeons (88.21% vs 33.54%, P<0.05). The second scenario presents a 55-year-old male with shoulder osteoarthritis and complete and repairable rupture of supraspinatus and rupture of the long head of the biceps tendon. Shoulder surgeons chose total shoulder arthroplasty (43.8%) and arthroscopic rotator cuff repair (37.5%). But, only 21.87% of general orthopedic surgeons choose these two items together. The third scenario is a 65-year-old male with supraspinatus and infraspinatus tendon rupture. Sixteen of 17 shoulder surgeons answered this case, and 100% chose surgical interventions (62.5% arthroscopic and 37.5% open repair). On the other hand, 180 general surgeons of 192 answered this case scenario, and only 41.11% chose surgical treatment. The fourth scenario presents a 52-year-old female with refractor adhesive capsulitis. Arthroscopic capsular release and manipulation was the most frequent answer among shoulder surgeons compared to general surgeons (64.71% vs 31.38%). Conclusion: It seems that an advanced course of shoulder surgeries is necessary to improve the knowledge of general orthopedic surgeons about shoulder diseases and treatment choices
Treatment of cattle pyroplasmidosis in the conditions of Dagestan Republic
Authors: Abdulmagomedov S. Sh. , Aliev A. Yu. , Bakrieva R. M. , Belkin E. A.
Published: July 2021

Relevance. Dagestan Republic in terms of natural and climatic characteristics is the most favorable for the of ixodid ticks - carriers of pathogens of blood-parasitic diseases of farm animals. In this regard, further improvement of the set of scientifically grounded control measures and the search for new promising chemotherapeutic drugs of the prevention and treatment of pyroplasmidosis of cattle are major problem of great national economic importance.

Materials and methods. The studies were carried out in farms, unfavorable on pyroplasmidosis, in the conditions of Dagestan Republic. The object of the study was cattle, spontaneously invaded by various types of blood parasites. Experеmental and control groups in production experiments were selected according to the principle of analogues. In the first control group (n = 10) the drug was not used. The second (n = 10) was injected with the drug DAC 5% at a dose of 1 ml/20 kg (DV 2.5 mg/kg), intramuscularly, at the rate 5 ml per 100 kg of live weight. The animals of the third (n = 10) were injected with the injectable preparation forticarb 10% at a dose of 4 ml/100 kg (DV 4 mg/kg) of live weight, intramuscularly, once.

Results. It was found that with a single intramuscular injection of forticarb at the rate 2 ml/50 kg of live weight, the temperature and parasitic reaction in the body of sick animals decreased in a very short time. Therapeutic efficacy in pyroplasmidosis of cattle was 90%.
Kritik Interpretasi Otoritatif: Studi Hermeneutika Khaled M. Abou El-Fadl
Authors: Rosyida Hanik
Published: July 2021

Interpretation on the Qur’an has faced stagnation for using textual paradigm in exploring the meaning of the Qur’an. Since then, the developing social problems can’t find the solutions from the Qur’an, even those are forced to apply the meaning of the Qur’an interpreted in classical context. In contemporary era, there is shifting paradigm in interpretation, which is not merely focused on textual meaning, but has started to seek for textual meaning of the Qur’an by using hermeneutics. However, a number of theories on hermeneutics show their subjectivism in relation with the ideas developed by contemporary Muslim scholars. This comes from their distinguished social and intellectual conditions, especially their concern in looking at their surrounding condition. Most of scholars in hermeneutics offered new theories focused on method of interpretation. Here, Khaled M. Abou El Fadl, an exponent on hermeneutics, offered his hermeneutical thought in criticizing the concept of authority in interpreting the Qur’an. This study aims to explain the ideas of Khaled M. Abou El Fadl in Hermeneutics and Islamic Law, his social and intellectual context as the background of his idea.
Al-Qur’an dalam Pemahaman Muslim Kontemporer
Authors: Kaukab M. Elfan
Published: July 2021

Al Qur`an dan umat Islam adalah dua hal yang tidak bisa dipisahkan. Bagi umat Islam, ajaran etis Al Qur`an bersifat mutlak dan bisa diaplikasikan di segala ruang dan waktu (shâlih li kull zamân wa makân) Tapi fenomena dewasa ini telah menunjukkan sebaliknya, relevansi Al Qur`an mulai digugat dan dipertanyakan. Bahkan dalam beberapa kasus, ajaran etis Al Qur`an dijadikan sebagai justifikasi terhadap tindakan yang bersifat destruktif. Polemik ini kemudian menggugah para intelektualis muslim untuk lebih intens pada pengkajian Al Qur`an. Penyimpangan, dalam arti perbedaan, sebenarnya tidak dapat dihindarkan, tetapi mengikuti secara mutlak otoritas pendapat tradisionalis yang sangat tekstualis dalam memahami suatu teks juga tidak akan menjawab persoalan. Bagaimana Al Qur`an dipahami saat ini untuk memenuhi kebutuhan masyarakat? Abdullah Saeed, seorang cendekiawan Muslim terkemuka, mengeksplorasi penafsiran isi etika-hukum Al Qur`an, sambil mempertimbangkan sifat perubahan dunia modern. Saeed mengeksplorasi perdebatan terkini seputar interpretasi Al Qur`an dan dampaknya terhadap pemahaman kontemporer tentang teks suci ini. Membahas relevansi teks dengan isu-isu modern tanpa mengkompromikan keseluruhan kerangka Al-Qur'an serta keyakinan dan praktik intinya, ia mengusulkan pendekatan baru, yang mempertimbangkan konteks penafsiran historis dan kontemporer. Menginspirasi debat yang sehat, buku ini adalah bacaan penting bagi siswa dan cendekiawan yang mencari pendekatan kontemporer untuk penafsiran teks Al Qur`an.
Reflexão Sobre A Constituição Do Pensamento Algébrico
Authors: Xavier Márcio Pizzete , Schwantes Vilson , Kracke Elisa , Graunke Carla Kuhn , Gonçalves Junior Affonso Celso , Schwantes Eloísa Bernardete Finkler
Published: July 2021

O ensino da álgebra, na maioria das vezes restringe-se a questões técnicas e operacionais, deixando de lado o desenvolvimento de conceitos e o pensamento algébrico. Os alunos geralmente apresentam dificuldades na aprendizagem da álgebra por terem dificuldades de significar sua linguagem, além de nem sempre perceberem que ela está presente na resolução de diversas situações-problemas do nosso cotidiano. Este artigo, resultado de reflexões teóricas que procuram entender a relação que existe entre pensamento e linguagem para a constituição do pensamento algébrico, traz uma reflexão que pretende minimizar tais dificuldades. A fundamentação pedagógica encontra motivação nos escritos de Lins (1994) e Vygotsky (2001). O estudo objetiva compreender o que permite um ser humano pensar algebricamente, procura clarificar a relação que existe entre pensamento e linguagem para uma efetiva organização, desenvolvimento e constituição deste pensamento. A partir do referencial teórico adotado acredita-se que sua constituição é possível, pela posse da linguagem significada, internalização dos significados produzidos na interlocução através da observação e comunicação das ideias matemáticas presentes em situações-problema.
Papel Da Biossegurança Em Laboratórios De Análises Clínicas No Cenário Da Pandemia Do Novo Coronavírus (SARS-CoV-2)
Authors: Samuel Wilson , Manganhel Rafael Vasco , Mainala Violeta , Monjane Nércia Eugénio
Published: July 2021

O aparecimento do SARS-CoV-2, levou os laboratórios de análises clínicas a se adequar na mesma aceleração da pandemia para responder com segurança à crescente demanda pela comprovação etiológica e produzir resultados de testes que são cruciais para o diagnóstico de pacientes. As boas práticas de biossegurança nunca foram mundialmente tão centralizadas como nos cenários atuais da pandemia. Este trabalho tem como objetivo demonstrar o papel da biossegurança em laboratórios de análises clínicas no cenário da pandemia do novo coronavírus (SARS-CoV-2), além disso também busca descrever as medidas para prevenção de transmissão pelo COVID-19 nos laboratórios de análises clínicas. Foi realizada um estudo de revisão, utilizando como referência a busca de artigos de revisão, originais publicados nas bases de dados: PUBMED, SciELO e Google Acadêmico e documentos com diretrizes técnicas de autoridades sanitárias publicados, e científicas, fazendo uso dos descritores: Biossegurança, Laboratório, Análises Clínicas, SARS-CoV-2 e COVID-19. Através desta revisão foi possível verificar que a biossegurança desempenha um papel crucial na segurança dos profissionais, segurança no transporte de amostras biológicas e segurança no processo de diagnóstico laboratorial no enfrentamento à pandemia de COVID-19, concomitantemente, as boas práticas de biossegurança são indispensáveis em todos os níveis do laboratório. Os laboratórios com poucos recursos, soluções improvisadas devem ser adaptadas para oferecer a proteção para equipa de laboratório e deve ser tomadas as medidas de segurança para garantir um diagnóstico de qualidade prestada aos pacientes.
International standards for use of force (special means)
Authors:   Academy of the State penitentiary service, Chernihiv, Ukraine, O.L. Samofalov , N. M. Kaplan ,   Academy of the State penitentiary service, Chernihiv, Ukraine
Published: July 2021

The article analyzes the content of the main international legal acts regulating the grounds, procedure and principles of using force (special means) to convicts in penitentiary institutions. An important factor in reforming and developing of criminal and executive legislation is Ukraine’s integration into the world community. Ukraine is a member of the United Nations, the Council of Europe and other international organizations. Partner states have made a legal commitment to bring national legislation into line with generally accepted principles and norms concerning the protection of human and civil rights and freedoms. In accordance with the Constitution of Ukraine, existing international treaties, the binding nature of which has been approved by the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine, are part of the national legislation of Ukraine. The development and adoption of new legislative acts is guided not only by the content of national legal norms, but also by international legal acts, in particular, by international standards. Dynamic approaches to security provision help to prevent situations in which prison staff will need to use special means, force or weapons. It is established that the International Standards regarding convicts’ trearment allow to use force in penitentiary institutions as a last mean to restrain prisoners, repel attacks on personnel and others, and to stop escapes if non-violent offenses cannot be stopped (general condition of use). International standards define the limits of the use of force as the minimum necessary and the duration of the use as the minimum time required to put an end to an unlawful act. Personnel working directly with prisoners should be trained in techniques that allow them to restrain aggressive prisoners with minimal use of force. Key words: international legal acts; use of force (special means); grounds for the use of force (special means); sentenced to imprisonment; personnel of penitentiary institutions
Legal status of child with disabilities as legal category of social security (part ІI)
Authors:   Academy of the State penitentiary service, Chernihiv, Ukraine, B.I. Stashkiv B.I. , K. V. Denysenko ,   Academy of the State penitentiary service, Chernihiv, Ukraine, Yu. О. Zinchuk ,   Academy of the State penitentiary service, Chernihiv, Ukraine
Published: July 2021

The article is devoted to the study of such a legal category as the legal status of a child with disabilities in the field of social security, its structural elements, the relationship with the status of other categories of material support recipients. The authors conclude that the elements of the legal status of a child with disabilities are only his/her rights and responsibilities, which are realized by him/her through a legal representative or with hi/her active assistance. Freedom is not the subject of a study of social security law and is not part of a child’s legal status. Legal capacity indicates that a child with disabilities is a subject of social security law and has the rights and responsibilities provided by this branch of law since birth until reaching adulthood. In most cases, children with disabilities are not aware of the importance of their actions and cannot be guided by them, that is, to dispose of rights and responsibilities, and therefore they cannot be full-fledged subjects of social security relations. In such legal relations, they are often replaced by legal representatives. The special rights of a child with disabilities in the field of social protection are the child`s legal possibilities with the assistance of his/her legal representative to receive additional types of compensatory social security, which are associated with disability due to persistent dysfunction. In social security law, ensuring the responsibilities and violating of them rely on the child`s legal representative. Some responsibilities may be imposed on a child with disabilities when he/she receives social services, but in most cases he/she will be morally responsible for the violation. In the article the authors conditionally divided three categories of children with special needs: 1) children with disabilities; 2) children with serious illnesses who have not been diagnosed with disabilities; 3) children with mental or physical disabilities who have no grounds for establishing disability. Key words: the concept of the category “child with disabilities”, the procedure for establishing disability in children, elements of the legal status of a child with disabilities, rights and responsibilities of children with disabilities in social protection, social benefits for children with disabilities, social services for children with disabilities.
Administrative and legal support of the educational process in the Academy of the State Penitentiary Service
Authors:   Academy of the State penitentiary service, Chernihiv, Ukraine, S. O. Nishchymna
Published: July 2021

The article addresses to the characteristics of the administrative and legal support of the the educational process organization in the Academy of the State Penitentiary Service. With the declaration of independence, Ukraine has paid attention to build a European state with appropriate standards in all spheres of state activity. One of the priority areas of this course is the development of a new functioning system of the structure of law enforcement agencies, including the penitentiary system. For the proper functioning of this institution, professional personnel is needed, who will be the main persons of the development of the new penitentiary system of Ukraine in compliance with the leading standards of the European community. The Academy of the State Penitentiary Service has been established and operates in accordance with the Law of Ukraine “On Higher Education”. The main purpose of the Academy is to train specialists in the field of knowledge “Law”, “Social and Behavioral Sciences” and other fields in order to meet the needs of the State Penitentiary Service of Ukraine, to provide society with qualified specialists with higher education, scientific, scientific and pedagogical staff according to the state order, contractual obligations and thus the new generations formation of national intelligentsia. The educational process in higher educational institutions with specific learning conditions, such as the Academy of the State Penitentiary Service, is carried out in accordance with the legislation on higher education, although general subordination is carried out by the relevant ministry – the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine. Having certain peculiarities in the cadets, students and associate professors’ training, the Academy also prepares students and graduate students at the expense of individuals and legal entities. The main participants in the educational process at the Academy, as well as in any higher educational institution with specific learning conditions, along with research and teaching staff, are cadets (students) (at the expense of legal entities), students (at the expense of individuals), associate professors (graduate students). All higher education obtainers, enrolled in the Academy receive higher education at the first (bachelor’s), second (master’s) and third (educational-scientific) levels. Key words: administrative and legal support, educational process, Ministry of Justice of Ukraine, Academy of the State Penitentiary Service, penitentiary system.
Correction and re-socialization of convicted members of the Armed Forces: current state and prospects of their implementation and improvement
Authors:   Academy of the State penitentiary service, Chernihiv, Ukraine, S.V. Tsariuk , V.V. Nesterenko ,   Academy of the State penitentiary service, Chernihiv, Ukraine
Published: July 2021

The analysis of military crimes committed from 2014 till 2020, the process of the development of the Armed Forces of Ukraine and a range of issues related to the process of correction and re-socialization of convicted members of the armed forces are represented in the article. Studying and determining the patterns of crimes committed while performing active duty in Ukraine, as well as the educational impact of remedies and re-socialization applied to convicted members of the armed forces is studied insufficiently and needs more attention from scholars. One of the main problems that remains relevant among scholars to this day is the development and implementation of optimal ways to correct convicted members of the armed forces. The state of affairs studied during the Anti-Terrorist Operation on Protection the Independence, Sovereignty and Territorial Integrity of Ukraine in Donetsk and Luhansk Regions showed that the criminal-executive system was not ready for the growth of the number military criminals. Taking into account the specifics of these subjects of criminal offenses, and the rapid development of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, which are in a state of undeclared war with the Russian Federation, we have proposed the necessary measures to correct and re-socialize convicted members of the armed forces in order to meet their needs and protect their rights and interests and, what is most importantly, to develop law-abiding behavior of the personality of a convicted member of the armed forces. The criminological portrait of a military criminal was also considered in the article. The changes through the prism of reforms in the defense sector were analyzed. Moreover, the international experience of studying the problems related to military crimes was analyzed. On the basis of the conducted analysis, corrective measures were proposed. Today, under the influence of legislative changes caused by Ukraine’s movement towards NATO membership, the transformation of the personnel of the Armed Forces of Ukraine was studied, and the ways to address the emerging needs of the members of the armed forces were proposed. Key words: correction, Military law enforcement service, members of the armed forces, offense, punishment, crime.
Lactation curve, milk production of Pelibuey ewes and preweaning growth rate of the lambs
Authors: Rodríguez-Álvarez Hugo Andrés , Hinojosa-Cuéllar José Alfonso , González-Garduño Roberto , Gallegos-Sánchez Jaime , Rubio-Rubio Moisés , Aranda-Ibáñez Emilio Manuel , Oliva-Hernández Jorge , Torres-Hernández Glafiro
Published: July 2021

Objective: To estimate the lactation curve and milk production of Pelibuey ewes andthe relationship with preweaning growth rate of the lambs.Design/methodology/approach: Forty five Pelibuey ewes were milked during 70days in Montecillo, México, in 2018, to estimate daily and total milk production. Thelactation curve was fitted with the incomplete gamma function. In addition, the effectsof type of birth and ewe weight at milking on milk production were analyzed, andcorrelations were calculated between ewe milk production and growth rate of thelambs, per week and for the entire lactation
Results: A “typical” lactation curve was found, average ewe milk production for theentire lactation, weighted for the number of lambs suckling, was 131±8 L, with444±24 g d -1 . Ewe weight at milking had an effect (p<0.01) on milk production.Positive correlations were found (p<0.05) between ewe milk production andpreweaning growth rate of the lambs.Limitations on study/implications: There is a strong dependency of the lambs forthe milk production of the Pelibuey ewe, a factor of great relevance so that lambs cangain body weight and survive during lactation.Findings/conclusions: Pelibuey ewes produce less milk than dairy ewes. Therefore,lambs should be weaned at a maximum of 10 weeks of lactation.
Quality and Use of Mobile Applications for Transportation Service: Influence on Satisfaction
Authors: Preciado-Ortiz Claudia Leticia
Published: July 2021

The main objective of this research work was to analyze the factors that influence satisfaction and the intention to continue with the use of mobile transport applications in young university students from Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico. The approach was quantitative. 144 valid responses were used, and partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was used to test the model. The software employing was the SmartPLS 3. The results indicate that the quality of the design, the quality of the information and the quality of the system are predictors of influence on satisfaction. Companies that offer individual passenger transport through a mobile application have increased in recent years, generating strong competition both between existing brands and with established traditional taxis. This study provides new and recent information for marketing managers and academics on application user behavior in the transportation industry.
El Corno Emplumado y la vanguardia en el umbral de la nueva era.
Authors:   Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana- Azcapotzalco (MÉXICO)., Rodríguez González Alberto
Published: July 2021

This article analyzes the case of the Mexican magazine El Corno Emplumado and its role as an avant-garde publication based on Renato Poggioli's idea of avant-garde movement and the notions of epoch threshold and aesthetics of threshold formulated by Hans Robert Jauss and Luciana del Gizzo, respectively. The intention is to examine the way in which the magazine edited by Margaret Randall and Sergio Mondragón updates the utopian impulse of the avant-gardes based on their vision that social change at the beginning of the 60s of the 20th century would come thanks to renewal spirituality that only art and poetry could provide. Additionally, it investigates the way in which the magazine reconfigures the avantgarde myth of the new beginning from its postulate of the advent of a new era, the era of the man of air. All this in order to discuss the possibility of thinking about the presence of an avant-garde continuity in Mexican literature throughout the 20th century.
Decadencia, deconstrucción y revigorización de la fauna fantástica. Caracterización del monstruo mitológico en la narrativa mexicana reciente.
Authors:   Universidad de Guadalajara (MÉXICO)., Gallegos Rivera Juan Carlos
Published: July 2021

This article addresses the various ways in which the figure of the mythological monster is constructed in the recent short narrative by three authors: René Avilés Fabila, Cecilia Eudave, Fernando de León. The above is based on the original representation of these creatures in ancient and medieval bestiaries, and focuses, above all, on the core change in their characterization in current texts, which leads to scenarios of decadence, deconstruction or reinvigoration of the imaginary fauna, explained this as a result of the exhaustion of magical thinking before the scientific one.
Sarcopenia in chronic kidney disease – A brief review
Authors:   Nephrology Department, Hospital Beatriz Ângelo, Loures, Portugal, Donato Beatriz , Teixeira Catarina ,   Nephrology Department, Hospital Beatriz Ângelo, Loures, Portugal, Velho Sónia ,   Nutricionist, Dietetics and Nutrition Department, Hospital Beatriz Ângelo, Loures, Portugal, Almeida Edgar ,   Nephrology Department, Hospital Beatriz Ângelo, Loures, Portugal
Published: July 2021

Sarcopenia is a progressive age -related loss of muscle mass associated with a decline in muscle function and physical performance. Patients with chronic kidney disease experience substantial loss of muscle mass, weakness, and poor physical performance. Indeed, with the progression of chronic kidney disease, skeletal muscle dysfunction contributes to mobility limitation, loss of functional independence, and vulnerability to disease complications. There is a lack of robust data on the negative effect of the impact of kidney disease on skeletal muscle dysfunction, as well as on screening and treatment strategies that can be used in clinical practice to prevent functional decline and disability. Therefore, sarcopenia may be an underestimated condition with major implications for people with chronic kidney disease, even before the start of dialysis, which makes research into this topic necessary. The purpose of this review is to expand on some fundamental topics of sarcopenia, with an emphasis on the setting of chronic kidney disease patients.
Mineral and bone disease in renal transplantation
Authors:   Nephrology Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Lisboa Central, Hospital Curry Cabral, Lisbon, Portugal, Ferreira Ana ,   Nova Medical School, Nova University, Lisbon, Portugal, Ferreira Aníbal ,   Nephrology Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Lisboa Central, Hospital Curry Cabral, Lisbon, Portugal,   Nova Medical School, Nova University, Lisbon, Portugal
Published: July 2021

Chronic kidney disease – mineral and bone disorders (CKD -MBD) tends to improve or to change phenotypically in the post -transplant period. Mineral and bone disorders post -transplantation (MBD -PT) seem to be associated with high fracture risk and cardiovascular morbidity, and so it is necessary to be aware of its presence to minimize the MBD -PT impact. In this article we summarize the features of MBD -PT.
Analisis Pengaruh Lama Perendaman dengan Menggunakan Larutan Daun Salam (Syzygium polyanthum) Terhadap Kualitas Fisik Daging Ikan Tongkol (Euthynnus affinis)
Authors: Rifvia Adelina  , Hasby Hasby
Published: July 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh lamanya waktu perendaman dengan menggunakan larutan daun salam (Syzygium polyanthum) sebagai pengawet terhadap kualitas fisik daging ikan tongkol (Euthynnus affinis). Daging ikan yang digunakan yaitu bagian dada sebanyak 4 buah dan daun salam yang digunakan sebagai larutan adalah daun salam yang sudah tua (berwarna hijau tua). Perlakuan yang diberikan pada penelitian ini yaitu P0: daging ikan tanpa direndam dengan menggunakan larutan daun salam, P1: daging ikan direndam menggunakan larutan daun salam selama 20 menit, P2: daging ikan direndam menggunakan larutan daun salam selama 40 menit, P3: daging ikan direndam menggunakan larutan daun salam selama 60 menit. Data yang diperoleh pada penelitian ini dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis of varian (ANOVA). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa lamanya waktu perendaman dengan menggunakan larutan daun salam (Syzygium polyanthum) tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap kualitas fisik (pH, Daya Ikat Air, Susut Masak) daging ikan.
Arquitectura tradicional y sostenibilidad. Arquitectura industrial e insostenibilidad
Authors: De Hoz Onrubia Jaime
Published: July 2021

Los problemas de la conservación del patrimonio arquitectónico, responsable de una construcción sostenible y ecológica, se han visto alterados desde las últimas seis décadas a causa de la imposición en la enseñanza de la Arquitectura y su docencia de unos principios industriales emanados de fuentes inapropiadas.