bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Condiciones de trabajo, salud y estilo de vida en los trabajadores que laboran en tres empresas de transportes, Ñaña, Lurigancho-Chosica, 2018
Authors: Capcha Díaz Keyla Elizabeth , Solórzano Aparicio Mary Luz
Published: February 2020

Objetivo: Determinar la relación entre las condiciones de trabajo, salud y el estilo de vida de los trabajadores que laboran en tres empresas de transporte, Ñaña, Lurigancho-Chosica. Metodología: Enfoque cuantitativo, diseño no experimental, corte transversal, y de tipo correlacional. La muestra comprendió 192 trabajadores, seleccionados mediante el muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia, incluyendo criterios de inclusión y exclusión. Los instrumentos de recolección de datos fueron el cuestionario “Condiciones de trabajo y salud”, elaborado por Benites et al. (2017) y adaptado y validado por Capcha (2018), con un coeficiente de 0,72 con KR – 20, y el cuestionario “Estilo de vida”, elaborado por Pender (1996), utilizado por Mucha (2014) con V de Aiken de 1,0 y confiabilidad con Alfa de Cronbach de 0,93. Resultados: Existe relación entre las variables, condiciones de trabajo, salud y el estilo de vida, con un p – valor de 0,004, según el estadístico Chi – cuadrado. Del mismo modo, se encontró relación entre las dimensiones del estilo de vida y las condiciones de trabajo y salud, con un p – valor < 0,05, excepto en la dimensión manejo de estrés. Conclusión: Existe relación entre las variables de estudio.
Salud y gastronomía peruana bajo una perspectiva social, económica y competitiva
Authors: Mauro Martin Ismael San , Garicano Vilar Elena , Bravo Manrique Roxana , Elortegui Pascual Paloma
Published: February 2020

Objetivo: En el Perú, los sectores de salud y alimentación están relacionados económica y socialmente. El objetivo de la investigación es demostrar cuáles son las oportunidades y desafíos del sector alimentario peruano en relación con el sector salud humana, desde donde se tomarán decisiones futuras; y promover la tecnología y la innovación tecnológica con rigor científico en ese sector. Metodología: Reconocer y analizar holísticamente los sectores de la salud y la alimentación. Resultados: Se ha demostrado su relación, así como las brechas en la competitividad y la ciencia, la tecnología y la innovación tecnológica. Conclusión: Es necesaria la innovación en el sector alimentario peruano, con un rigor científico en pro de la salud de la población. Proponemos la implementación de una plataforma de innovación científica y tecnológica con el objetivo de estandarizar la calidad de la cocina tradicional y desarrollar la gastronomía en el Perú.
Efectos de la dependencia al celular en las habilidades sociales de los estudiantes universitarios
Authors: De la Cruz Sandoval Diana , Torres Zárate Luz , Yánac Cierto Elí
Published: February 2020

Objetivo: Determinar la relación entre dependencia al celular y habilidades sociales de los estudiantesde una universidad privada de Lima Este. Metodología: Se utilizó el diseño no experimental de cortetransversal y de tipo correlacional. Asimismo, se empleó un muestreo no probabilístico intencional,incluyendo alumnos de ambos sexos con edades entre 17 a 28 años. Resultados: El 52.1% de losuniversitarios se encuentran en riesgo de presentar dependencia al celular, mientras el 22.8% ya lopresenta frente a un 25.1% que no. Asimismo, el 56.1% de los estudiantes evidencian bajo nivel dehabilidades sociales, el 29.9% están en proceso de desarrollarlos y solo el 14% han desarrolladolas habilidades sociales. Además, se encontró relación negativa y altamente significativa entre lasvariables de estudio (Rho=-,645**; p<0.01), de igual manera se encontró relación negativa y altamentesignificativa en las dimensiones de dependencia al celular con el total de habilidades sociales:“abstinencia” (Rho=-,624**;p<0.01), “abuso y dificultad de controlar el impulso” (Rho=-,526**;p<0.01),“problemas ocasionados por el uso excesivo” (Rho=-,595**; p<0.01) y “tolerancia” (Rho=-,569**;p<0.01) Conclusión: La dependencia al celular si se relaciona altamente significativa y de manerainversa con las habilidades sociales. Es decir, a mayor dependencia del celular se asocia un nivelmenor de habilidades sociales y viceversa.
Impact of a pre-feeding oral stimulation program on first feed attempt in preterm infants: double-blind controlled clinical trial v1
Authors: Da Rosa Pereira Karine , Salle Levy Deborah , S. Procianoy Renato , de Cássia Silveira Rita
Published: February 2020

Objective: To evaluate the effect of an oral stimulation program in preterm on the performance in the first oral feeding, oral feeding skills and transition time from tube to total oral intake. Study Designer: Double-blind randomized clinical trial including very preterm newborns. Congenital malformations, intracranial hemorrhage grade III or IV, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and necrotizing enterocolitis were excluded. Intervention group (GI) received an oral stimulation program of tactile extra-, peri-, and intraoral tactile manipulation once a day for 15 minutes, during a 10-day period. Control group (GII) received sham procedure with same duration of time. Feeding ability was assessed by a speech-language pathologist blinded to group assignment. The classification of infants’ oral performance was determined by Oral Feeding Skills (OFS). Neonates were monitored until hospital discharge. Results: Seventy-four (37 in each group) were randomized. Mean gestational ages and birth weights were 30±1.4 and 30±1.5 weeks, and 1,452±330g and 1,457±353g for intervention and control groups, respectively. Mean proficiency (PRO), transfer rate (RT), and overall transfer (OT) were 41.5%±18.3 and 19.9%±11.6 (p<0.001), 2.3 mL/min and 1.1 mL/min (p<0.001), 57.2%±19.7 and 35.0%±15.7 (p<0.001) in intervention and control groups, respectively. Median transition time from tube to oral feeding was 4 and 8 days in intervention and control groups, respectively (p=0.003). Intake of breast milk was found to reduce transition time from tube feeds to exclusive oral feeding (p<0.001, HR 1.01, 95%CI 1.005-1.019), but the impact of the study intervention remained significant (p=0.007, HR 1.97, 95%CI 1.2-3.2). Conclusion: Breast milk intake and an oral stimulation program proved beneficial in reducing transition time from tube feeding to oral feeding. ClinicalTrials.gov number NCT03025815
Human colon tissue clearing and Immunohistochemistry v1
Authors: Heuckeroth Robert , Huerta Lopez Silvia , Graham Kahleb , Sengupta Rajarshi
Published: February 2020

INTRODUCTION: Bowel pathology is routinely evaluated by sectioning tissue, staining, and light microscopy. Tissue sectioning does not provide robust information about three-dimensional structures. Defining bowel anatomy in three dimensions is especially valuable for understanding human bowel motility disorders. Intrinsic mechanisms controlling bowel motility include the enteric nervous system (ENS), pacemaker cells called interstitial cells of Cajal, smooth muscle cells and PDGFRalpha+ cells. One problem is that the cells that control motility are distributed throughout the bowel wall and the bowel wall is too thick and opaque to permit direct visualization without sectioning. OBJECTIVES: To develop an efficient and reproducible method to make human colon translucent, stain with antibodies, and visualize cells that control bowel motility in three dimensions. METHODS: Tissue is cleaned, trimmed to remove fat, pinned flat, gently stretched and then fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde before storage. To begin clearing tissue is treated with 100% methanol, then permeabilized with Dent's bleach (Methanol, DMSO and hydrogen peroxide) and rinsed with PBS. Blocking is performed for 3 days at room temperature. Incubation with primary antibodies occurs for 14 days at 37 oC. Unbound primary antibody is washed out over the course of one day. Secondary antibody staining is performed for three days at 37 oC. After washing in PBS, tissue is dehydrated using a graded methanol series and then cleared using Murray's Clear (Benzyl Benzoate: Benzyl Alcohol). For confocal imaging, tissue is mounted in Murray's Clear. RESULTS: This approach provides efficient tissue clearing and reproducible staining with a subset of tested antibodies. We routinely obtain images using two or three antibodies and can visualize stained cells all the way through the bowel wall thickness. Confocal imaging permits excellent visualization and three dimensional reconstruction. We routinely stain 1 cm x 1 cm human colon pieces, but the same methods can be used to stain and image colon tissue many centimeters in length. CONCLUSION: We established an efficient and reproducible method for clearing, staining with antibodies and imaging colon tissue. This approach works well to generate three dimensional images of stained cells. We can visualize many cell types that control bowel motility, but the approach will also probably work to see other cell types with appropriate antibodies. Only a subset of antibodies work with this organic solvent based fixation and clearing method.
Love in the coordines of desire and pleasure: philosophical-cultural sight
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, Turenko V.E.
Published: February 2020

In the article, on the basis of theoretical developments of contemporary foreign philosophers, illumination of love discourse in the coordinates of desire and pleasure is carried out. The author proves that love desire has not only a purely physical boundary; it includes not just sexual, but also purely spiritual and soul aspects (caring, support, forgiveness, etc.). The author substantiates the opinion that pleasure in love is also multifaceted; it does not concern only the physiological, instinctive needs of human nature. Based on the opinions of Western researchers, one can talk about the great significance of the phenomenon of pleasure in the discourse of love, because it is also connected with such aspects as overcoming the shortcoming, liberation from pressure, personally significant self-realization and self-affirmation. The author analyzes theoretical works by foreign researchers R. Apresyan, R. Barthes, J. Baudrillard, G. Bataille, P. Yevdokimova, G.-G. Gadamer, H. Yannaras, on the basis of which comes to the conclusion that satisfaction with the experience of personally meaningful self-realization and self-affirmation is an inevitable sign of love. The author investigates such aspects of love as "miraculous" (in the context of the application to Plato's “Symposium”), as well as "childhood" within the ideas of S. Freud and J. Baudrillard. Thus, the purpose of the article is to carry out a comprehensive analysis of the phenomenon of love, through the riot of historical-philosophical and cultural studies.
Study of effect of glycemic control on haemoglobin levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: G. Aishhwarrya Umeshchandara , K. Ravi
Published: February 2020

Background: Anemia is more frequent and severe in diabetics compared to non-diabetic patients. Chronic anemia results in tissue hypoxia, which is known to play a key role in diabetes-associated organ damage. Hence it is important to diagnose and correct anemia in diabetic patients. This study was done to elucidate the effect of glycemic control on haemoglobin levels in patients with type 2 Diabetes mellitus.Methods: The present study is an observational, cross sectional study conducted between November 2017 to May 2019 carried out in hospitals attached to Bangalore Medical college and Research Institute. A sample of 60 patients with Diabetes mellitus were included, out of which 28 were female and 32 were male patients.Results: Study was conducted on 60 patients, the age distribution was between 29yrs to 88yrs with mean age was 56±11yrs. Out of 60 patients 23 patients had anemia. There was slight positive correlation between haemoglobin percentage and HbA1c. But this was not statistically significant.Conclusions: The study concludes that Glycemic control was not found to influence the Haemoglobin levels in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus in a significant manner. In subjects with anemia, multiple other issues need to be addressed for improvement in haematocrit value and prevention of complications of diabetes apart from glycemic control.
Análise econômica dos contratos bancários: reflexos das ações revisionais no comportamento do mercado e na instabilidade do capital financeiro
Authors: Hommerding Adalberto Narciso , Neu Jardim Tiago
Published: February 2020

Mais do que um simples negócio jurídico, o contrato possibilita a instrumentalização das trocas de forma eficiente, reduzindo as incertezas decorrentes da assimetria de informação entre as partes. Em outras palavras, o contrato otimiza a alocação de recursos de forma lógica e racional, evitando as falhas de mercado. A relativização do princípio pacta sunt servanda por meio da interferência do Judiciário nos acordos privados repercute no comportamento dos agentes econômicos, aumentando a instabilidade do capital financeiro e gerando externalidades negativas, fazendo com que o custo social de uma inadimplência legitimada seja superior aos eventuais benefícios privados esperados pelo demandante. As ações revisionais potencializam a incerteza e socializam o custo da inadimplência gerando para os consumidores um prejuízo coletivo. Nesse sentido, a Análise Econômica do Direito demonstra que a pretensão de fazer justiça no caso concreto, mediante a revisão de cláusulas contratuais supostamente abusivas, acaba reforçando a expectativa dos agentes de que, no Brasil, descumprir acordos efetivamente compensa. O resultado é o aumento dos índices de inadimplência e, por decorrência lógica, das taxas de juros, levando à instabilidade do mercado monetário e do capital financeiro, um dos principais responsáveis pelo equilíbrio entre a poupança e o investimento do país. A conclusão, portanto, é a de que as decisões judiciais não devem se substituir à vontade das partes, mormente quando aquelas decorrerem de escolhas deliberadas e previsíveis, sob pena de desestabilizar o sistema econômico e afetar a racionalidade alocativa dos recursos.
Globalização, direito constitucional comparado e constitucionalismo liberal contemporâneo: visões sobre os impactos da mundialização das relações sociais e econômicas no constitucionalismo
Authors: Pansieri Flávio , Robl Filho Ilton Norberto
Published: February 2020

A globalização é um fenômeno originalmente econômico com fortes impactos sociais e jurídicos. Importante literatura social e jurídica com ênfase no direito constitucional e público brasileiro aponta o caráter neoliberal da globalização, a qual viola o Estado Social de Direito, os direitos fundamentais sociais e a igualdade material, afrontando a soberania nacional. Este artigo concorda coma afirmação acerca dos impactos negativos da globalização, mas aponta que essa visão é parcialmente insuficiente no campo do direito constitucional por duas principais razões: a) desconsidera o efeito da globalização no campo do direito constitucional comparado e b) crítica o liberalismo de forma exacerbada, o qual é elemento central do constitucionalismo contemporâneo. Dessa forma, o trabalho reflete sobre o direito constitucional comparado e sua construção a partir da globalização, desenvolvendo o tema das afrontas ao constitucionalismo contemporâneo e liberal.
Wybory do sejmiku województwa zachodniopomorskiego
Authors: Tomczak Łukasz
Published: February 2020

Artykuł prezentuje wyniki badań dotyczących rywalizacji w wyborach samorządowych na poziomie regionu. Analiza odnosi się do wyników głosowania i wyborów do sejmiku województwa zachodniopomorskiego w sześciu kolejnych elekcjach. Badaniami objęto między innymi frekwencję, zmiany poparcia dla komitetów wyborczych i podział mandatów. Skupiono się na partiach, które albo samodzielnie, albo w koalicjach uzyskiwały mandaty w sejmiku. W badanym okresie najwyższe poparcie wyborcze osiągał do roku 2006 Sojusz Lewicy Demokratycznej,a w kolejnych wyborach Platforma Obywatelska RP. Województwo charakteryzowało się niższą frekwencją od średniej krajowej. W wyborach większe poparcie niż średnie w kraju uzyskiwały ugrupowania lewicy oraz Platforma Obywatelska RP.
Eficacia y seguridad del Misoprostol frente a Metotrexato más Misoprostol para el manejo médico del aborto en Bogotá (Colombia): estudio clínico aleatorizado
Authors: Arreaza-Graterol Mortimer , Rodríguez-O Jorge A.
Published: February 2020

Objetivo: evaluar la eficacia y seguridad del misoprostol frente al metotrexato más misoprostol para el manejo médico de pacientes con aborto retenido o embarazo anembrionado.

Materiales y métodos: se realizó un estudio clínico aleatorizado en el que se incluyeron pacientes con embarazo anembrionado o aborto retenido de hasta 63 días y diagnosticado por ecografía. Estas fueron aleatorizadas a metotrexato 50 mg intramuscular más misoprostol 800 mcg intravaginal (grupo 1) u 800 mcg de misoprostol intravaginal (grupo 2). A continuación se evaluó la tasa de aborto completo, incluyendo las pacientes que requirieron un segundo ciclo de rescate con sus respectivas complicaciones.

Resultados: un total de 52 pacientes fueron aleatorizadas al grupo de terapia combinada y 66 al grupo de monoterapia. 92% de las pacientes en el grupo de misoprostol más metotrexato presentaron aborto completo por ecografía frente a 86% de las pacientes en el grupo de misoprostol (p=0,24). Por otro lado, dos de las pacientes del grupo de terapia combinada (6%) requirieron dosis de rescate en comparación con cinco en el grupo de misoprostol (11%), (p=0,348). De igual modo, tres pacientes requirieron legrado uterino obstétrico en el grupo de terapia combinada frente a cinco pacientes en el grupo de monoterapia con misoprostol (p=0,69). En definitiva, los dos esquemas resultaron seguros para las pacientes.

Conclusiones: los resultados permitieron concluir que, en el manejo médico del aborto retenido o embarazo anembrionado menor a 63 días, la monoterapia con una dosis de 800 mcg de misoprostol intravaginal no mostró diferencias significativas en comparación con un esquema de terapia combinada con metotrexato y misoprostol.
Genotipificación del Virus del Papiloma Humano(VPH) en muestras de cepillados cervicales de pacientes de diferentes hospitales de Bogotá y evaluación de la concordancia de dos métodos basados en PCR
Authors: García Dabeiba A. , Schmitt Markus , Cid-Arregui Ángel , Castillo Marcos , Briceño Ignacio , Aristizábal Fabio A.
Published: February 2020

Objetivo: genotipificar el VPH en muestras de pacientes con diferentes grados histopatológicos de lesión cervical.Materiales y métodos: estudio de corte transversal en muestras de cepillado cervical de mujeres con diferentes grados de lesiones cervicales histopatológicas en la ciudad de Bogotá en el año 2009. Se utilizó Luminex® xMAP® una técnica altamente sensible, reproducible y automatizada, y Reverse Line Blot (RLB).Resultados: las infecciones por los tipos de VPH de 16 y 18 fueron las más frecuentes en todos los tipos de patología del cérvix. Las infecciones mixtas predominaron con un 78,04% de los casos con patología negativa, 85,7% NIC I, 81,25% NIC II, 78,78% NIC III y 71,42% cáncer cervical. La concordancia entre los dos métodos fue del 67%.Conclusión: las infecciones por los tipos de VPH 16 y 18 predominan en la población estudiada.
Menopausia y etnias/razas: ¿hay diferencias en la presentación de los síntomas?
Authors: Romero-Pérez Ivette Marina , Monterrosa-Castro Álvaro , Paternina-Caicedo Ángel
Published: February 2020

Introducción: la mayoría de los estudios sobre la sintomatología de la menopausia se han realizado entre mujeres caucásicas de la cultura occidental, lo que lleva a la inquietud de si sus hallazgos son aplicables a mujeres de otros grupos étnicos/raciales. Hay un creciente interés en estudiar el papel de la etnia/raza en los síntomas de la menopausia.

Objetivo: revisar la literatura, identificando estudios que comparen los síntomas menopáusicos en diferentes etnias/razas.

Materiales y métodos: se realizó una búsqueda electrónica en PubMed, Cochrane y SciELO con las palabras clave "menopause", "ethnicity" y "race". Se incluyeron estudios que compararan la presentación de síntomas climatéricos en diferentes etnias. Debido a la dificultad para la comparación de los resultados, no se incluyeron estudios realizados en una sola población étnica.

Resultados: se identificaron 55 estudios, de los cuales 19 cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión. La prevalencia de los síntomas menopáusicos difirió entre los grupos étnicos y se observaron contrastes en la percepción y la experiencia de la menopausia entre las culturas.

Conclusión: los resultados de estos estudios no apoyan un único síndrome menopáusico. El entendimiento de las diferencias entre los grupos étnicos puede mejorar la calidad de la atención en salud que se le brinda a la mujer y promover estilos de vida que contribuyan a disminuir su incidencia y severidad y mejorar la calidad de vida de la mujer.
Embarazo de gemelo acárdico coexistente con gemelo anencefálico, asociado a exposición a varicela en el primer trimestre: reporte de caso y revisión de la literatura
Authors: Saldarriaga-Gil Wilmar , Nieto-Calvache Álbaro José , Pachajoa Harry , Tabares Katherine , Isaza Carolina
Published: February 2020

Introducción: el gemelo acárdico es una malformación congénita de muy baja prevalencia, 1 en 35.000 nacimientos, y se encuentra aproximadamente en 1 de cada 100 gemelos monocigóticos. La asociación de un gemelo acárdico con un segundo gemelo con malformaciones mayores ocurre aproximadamente en el 10% de los casos. El objetivo de este artículo es el reporte de un caso de muy baja prevalencia y la revisión de la literatura publicada sobre la etiología y fisiopatología asociada a la acardia, así como de las anomalías congénitas asociadas a esta y a la infección por virus de la varicela.Materiales y métodos: se presenta el caso de un embarazo gemelar monocoriónico biamniótico con un gemelo acardius mylacephalus y un segundo gemelo anencefálico, con exposición de la madre a varicela en el primer trimestre del embarazo. Se realizó cariotipo con bandas G, 46 XY sin anormalidades estructurales. Se hace una revisión de la literatura publicada en los últimos 10 años en las bases de datos PubMed, Ovid e HINARI.Conclusión: la importancia de este trabajo radica en que en la literatura revisada sólo se encontró un único reporte de la asociación de gemelo arcádico, coexistente con gemelo anencefálico. Además, sería el primer reporte de la relación entre esta combinación de malformaciones mayores en el embarazo gemelar y la exposición a varicela en el primer trimestre del embarazo.
Studying Canada in Cuba, Studying Cuba in Canada: A Roundtable Discussion
Authors: Kirk Emily , Rein Sandra , Wright Cynthia , Dubinsky Karen , Zarza Zaira
Published: February 2020

Canada and Cuba have a long historical relationship, in governmental and non-governmental realms alike. While hundreds of Canadian students take part in educational exchanges from a variety of Canadian universities, Canadian/Cuban scholarly ties are not as strong as they are in the US or even the UK.  There are a handful of internationally recognized Cuba scholars who have been working in Canada for some decades, among them John M. Kirk, Hal Klepak and Keith Ellis. Cuban scholarship in Canada is still notably scant and it cannot really be classified in generational terms. However it is clear that the work of these senior scholars is bearing fruit, as other scholars located in Canada are increasingly working in Cuban Studies, in both teaching and research.   

A few of these scholars came together recently to discuss their experiences. This isn’t an exhaustive or representative group. The participants in this roundtable conversation include those trained as Cubanists, trained in other fields but with more recent research and/or teaching ties to Cuba, and a Cuban educated in Canada.  We came together to discuss what we see as the state of the field in Cuban/Canadian studies today and in the future.
Leishmania Proteomics: An in Silico Perspective
Authors: Padilla Carlos A. , Álvarez María J. , Combariza Aldo F.
Published: February 2020

We report on the state of the art of scientific literature about proteins recognized as potential targets for the development of Leishmania treatments through the search of biologically active chemical species, either from experimental in vitro, in vivo, or in silico sources. We classify the gathered information, in several ways: vector taxonomy and geographical distribution, parasite taxonomic and geographical distribution and enzymatic function (oxidoreductases, transferases, hydrolases, lyases, isomerases, ligases and cytokines). Our aim is to provide a much needed reference layout for research efforts aimed to understand the underpinning physical interactions in ligand-protein activation/inactivation processes. In the specific case of Leishmania, we focus on enzymes known to be part of the biochemical molecular processes initiated following a Leishmania infectious episode.
Single Molecule Protein Sequencing Based on the Superspecificity of tRNA Synthetases
Authors: Sampath G
Published: February 2020

Single molecule de novo protein sequencing based on the 'superspecificity' of amino-acyl tRNA synthetases (aaRS) is proposed. An unfolded protein molecule is threaded through a nanopore in an electrolytic cell (e-cell) to expose the terminal residue in the e-cell's trans chamber. After the residue is cleaved with an exopeptidase, a set of tRNAs, their aaRSs, and ATP are added to trans. An aaRS charges a cognate tRNA molecule with the residue. The charged tRNA (along with the other reactants) is transferred to an extended e-cell with N (20 ≤ N ≤ 61) pores in N individual cis chambers and a single trans chamber. Each pore holds an RNA molecule ending in a unique codon that is exposed in trans. The charged tRNA's anticodon base-pairs with the terminal codon of an RNA. If tRNAs and residues are fluorescently tagged with two different colors, the residue can be identified from the observed position of the resulting color pair. As charging is 'superspecific' identification is unambiguous. The protein molecule in the first e-cell is advanced by one residue and the process repeated. In this approach there is no need for precise pore current or optical intensity measurements. Potential implementation issues are discussed. Other possibilities, including one in which the terminal residue is cleaved after charging, are also examined.
SNV Reoccurrence in Multiple Regions in the Genome of 2019-nCoV
Authors: He Xinjun , Yue Wei , Yan Jun
Published: February 2020

The rapid development of 2019-2020 Wuhan seafood market pneumonia currently posed a major public health concern in China. Genome sequencing identified a novel beta-coronavirus closely related to SARS-CoV, named 2019-nCoV by WHO, as the cause of this pandemic disease. Viruses with single stranded RNA genome are prone to evolve quickly by accumulation of mutations, such as SNV, INDEL and cross viral recombination, aiding fast transmission among hosts and cross species. Here we collected related genome sequences and investigated variations shared by different strains of 2019-nCoV, identified reoccurrence of SNV mutations in clusters of patients, an indication of rapid evolution of 2019-nCoV at the transmission from animal host to human. The information collected herein would help to understand the dynamics of current pandemic.
Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles – Prospects and Applications in Medicine
Authors: Ziental Daniel , Czarczynska-Goslinska Beata , Mlynarczyk Dariusz T. , Glowacka-Sobotta Arleta , Stanisz Beata , Goslinski Tomasz , Sobotta Lukasz
Published: February 2020

Metallic nanoparticles (NPs), among polymeric NPs, liposomes, micelles, quantum dots, dendrimers, or fullerenes, are becoming more and more important due to their potential use in the novel medical therapies. Titanium dioxide (titanium(IV) oxide, titania, TiO2) is an inorganic compound that owes its recent rise in scientific interest to photoactivity. After the illumination in aqueous media with UV light, TiO2 produces an array of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The capability to produce ROS and thus induce cell death has found application in the photodynamic therapy (PDT) for the treatment of a wide range of maladies, from psoriasis to cancer. Titanium dioxide NPs were studied as photosensitizing agents in the treatment of malignant tumors as well as in photodynamic inactivation of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Both TiO2 NPs themselves, as well as their composites with other molecules, can be successfully used as photosensitizers in PDT. Moreover, various organic compounds can be grafted on TiO2 NPs, leading to hybrid materials. These nanostructures can reveal increased light absorption allowing their further use in targeted therapy in medicine. In order to improve efficient anticancer therapy, many approaches utilizing titanium dioxide were tested. The most significant studies are discussed in this review.
Monitoring Forests in Space and Time Using Close-Range Sensing
Authors: Vastaranta Mikko , Saarinen Ninni , Yrttimaa Tuomas , Kankare Ville , Junttila Samuli
Published: February 2020

In this review, we summarize the current state-of-the-art in the utilization of close-range sensing in forest monitoring. We include technologies, such as terrestrial and mobile laser scanning as well as unmanned aerial vehicles, which are mainly used for collecting detailed information from single trees, forest patches or small forested landscapes. Based on the current published scientific literature, the capacity to characterize changes in forest ecosystems using close-range sensing has clearly been recognized. Forest growth has been the most investigated cause for changes and terrestrial laser scanner the most applied sensor for capturing forest structural changes. Unmanned aerial vehicles, on the other hand, have been used to acquire aerial imagery for detecting tree height growth and monitoring forest health. Mobile laser scanning has not yet been used in forest change monitoring except for a few early investigations. Considering the length of the forest growth process, investigated time spans have been rather short, less than 10 years. In addition, data from only two time points have been used in many of the studies, which has further been limiting the capability of understanding dynamics related to forest growth. In general, method development and quantification of changes have been the main interests so far regardless of the driver of change. This shows that the close-range remote sensing community has just started to explore the time dimension and its possibilities for forest characterization.
Fixed Point Results for a New Class of Multi-Valued Mappings Under (θ; R)-Contractions With an Application
Authors: Hasanuzzaman MD Hasanuzzaman , Sessa Salvatore , Imdad Mohammad , Alfaqih W. M.
Published: February 2020

In this article, we introduce a relatively new concept of multi-valued (θ;R)-contractions and utilize the same to prove some xed point results for a new class of multi-valued mappings in metric spaces endowed with an amorphous binary relation. Illustrative examples are also provided to exhibit the utility of our results proved herein. Finally, we utilize some of our results to investigate the existence and uniqueness of a positive solution for the integral equation of Volterra type.
Students’ Mindset and Level of Anxiety for General Mathematics among Grade 11 Students: A Case of Jagobiao National High School, Philippines
Authors: Mabandos Sheena Marie Y. , Moneva Jerald C.
Published: February 2020

In today’s generation, mathematics will be very useful in our daily lives. Using mathematics is a tool when meeting life-related circumstances involving computation; hence mathematics is particularly important on a daily basis. This research study is entitled “Mindset and Level of Anxiety in General Mathematics among Grade 11 students”. The study focused on the association between the mindset of the students if it is fixed or growth and their anxiety levels in General Mathematics. This research study is quantitative research; it is using a descriptive-correlation design. This study was answered by all Grade 11 students who are taking General Mathematics in the first semester in Jagobiao National High School. In gathering the data, the checklist survey questionnaire was being used. The result found out that students of Jagobiao National High School are more on growth mindset. Students with a growth mindset lead to a moderate level of anxiety in General Mathematics. By using the chi-square, it tells that mindset and level of anxiety has a significant difference. School heads, faculties, and staff can also have monthly activities to diminish the anxiety level of the students. They could also motivate or cheer up students to become growth-minded.
A Ação dos EUA na Venezuela: ONGs, Sociedade Civil e Neoliberalismo
Authors: Salgado Tiago Santos
Published: February 2020

O presente artigo tem como objetivo demonstrar como se deu a ingerência dos EUA na Venezuela durante o governo de Hugo Chávez através da análise da documentação disponibilizada no site Wikileaks que tornou público o acesso a documentos secretos produzidos pelo Congresso dos EUA e pela embaixada estadunidense em Caracas. Tal análise permite perceber como o governo dos EUA atuou como organizador e financiador da oposição venezuelana ao governo democraticamente eleito de Chávez, em particular através da atuação de ONGs, que atuavam para defender os interesses dos EUA no país e como difusoras do discurso neoliberal dentro das bases chavistas.

Palavras-chave: Hugo Chávez; EUA; Neoliberalismo; Wikileaks
Em Busca de um Marxismo Revolucionário e Latino-Americano: uma análise de “Fernando Martínez Heredia: Pensar en tiempo de Revolución”.
Authors: Silva Marcos Antonio da
Published: February 2020

Trata-se de resenha da obra "Fernando Martínez Heredia: pensar en tiempo de Revolución", organizada por Rafael Magdiel Sánchez, Buenos Aires: CLACSO, 2018.
Twin Deliveries: The Prevalence and Perinatal Outcomes in Public Hospitals in Dar es Salaam City, Tanzania
Authors: Benela Zavery , Chibwae Alfred , Jahanpour Ola , Matovelo Dismas
Published: February 2020

Background

The perinatal mortality rates are five times higher in twin pregnancies than singleton pregnancies, therefore antenatal management and safe delivery of twin pregnancies are important issues in obstetrics. This study aimed at providing data on the proportion of twin deliveries in four public hospitals in Dar es Salaam and an insight on the fetal outcomes in relation to their modes of delivery.

Methods

This was a cross sectional study in which all women who delivered twin babies were interviewed and medical records on their delivery summary were obtained in the labour and post-natal wards in four public hospitals in Dar es Salaam between July and December 2011. Post-natal follow up was done on seventh day by contacting women by telephone to establish the neonatal status.

Results

There were 33,638 total deliveries of which 672 were twin deliveries making the prevalence of 2.0% (20 per 1,000 births). Of all twin deliveries analyzed (666 pairs), 373(56.0%) had the diagnosis of twin pregnancy made antenatally. Vaginal delivery was the major mode of delivery (77.3%). whereas combined delivery in which the first twin was delivered vaginally and the second twin by caesarian section accounted for only 2.6%. At birth 1252(94%) of twins were alive, 60(4.5%), were fresh stillbirths and 20(1.5%) were macerated stillbirths. Low Apgar score was more to first twins delivered vaginally compared to first twins (p-value=0.003). Low Apgar score (AS <7) was more amongst second twins delivered vaginally at 30 minutes or longer 27(48.2%) compared to twins delivered in less than 30 minutes 72(15.4%), (p-value=0.001).

Conclusion

There was a significant association between vaginal delivery and low Apgar score at one minute. Long duration of twin to twin delivery interval was associated with low Apgar score of the second twins delivered vaginally. Perinatal mortality rate was also higher in the second twins compared to the first twins. The time delivery interval of the second twin should be made as short as possible by active management of all second twins. Neonatal facilities are required in all hospitals conducting twin deliveries to care for premature babies.
Mining of Subtype Markers for the Prognosis of Ovarian Cancer based on Methylation Data
Authors: Yin Lili , Zhang Ningning , Yang Qing
Published: February 2020

Aims: Ovarian cancer is one of three major malignancies involving the female reproductive system, and its morbidity and mortality are ranked number 3 and number 1 among gynecological tumors, respectively. DNA methylation (MET), as one of the main epigenetic modes, is closely related to the occurrence and development of ovarian cancer. To guide individualized treatment and improve the prognosis in ovarian cancer patients, it is of great significance to elucidate effective MET subtype markers. Methods: A total of 571 ovarian cancer MET samples were downloaded from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), and a COX proportional hazards model was established using the MET spectrum and clinically pathological parameters. Subsequently, the consensus clustering of CpG loci with a significant difference in both univariate and multivariate analyses was performed to screen the molecular subtypes, and these CpG loci were subjected to gene function annotation. Finally, CpG MET loci associated with poor prognosis in ovarian cancer patients were further screened by constructing a weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). Results: A total of 250 prognosis-related MET loci were obtained by COX regression and 6 molecular subtypes were screened by clustering. There was a remarkable MET difference between most subtypes, of which Cluster 2 had the highest MET level and demonstrated the best prognosis in patients, while Cluster 4 and Cluster 5 had a MET level significantly lower than that of the other subtypes and demonstrated a very poor prognosis. All Cluster 5 samples were at a high grade, while the percentage of Stage IV samples in Cluster 4 was evidently greater than that in the other subtypes. Using the co-expression network, 5 CpG loci were eventually obtained: cg27625732, cg00431050, cg22197830, cg03152385, and cg22809047. The clustering analysis shows that the prognosis in patients with hypomethylation was significantly worse than that in patients with hypermethylation. Conclusions: These MET molecular subtypes can be used not only to evaluate the prognosis in ovarian cancer patients but also to fully distinguish the tumor stage and histological grade in these patients. Prognosis-related CpG loci can be applied as biomarkers for individualized treatment in ovarian cancer patients.
Two-week global trends on 2019-nCoV fatality and virulence rates: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Arroz Jorge
Published: February 2020

BackgroundThe recent Public Health Emergency of International Concern, caused by a novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) is fast spreading, and contribution for the increase of knowledge about this outbreak is desired. The aim of this study is to analyse the global trend of 2019-nCoV fatality and virulence rates from 24 January to 06 February 2020.MethodsA cross-sectional study was carried out. Data from 2019-nCoV, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (MERS CoV) were obtained from World Health Organization. Only confirmed cases and deaths directly attributed to these viruses were considered. For 2019-nCoV, severe illness was also considered. Two endpoints of interest were analysed: trends in fatality rate (death among confirmed cases x 100) and virulence rate (severe illness among confirmed cases x 100).ResultsThe 2019-nCoV fatality and virulence rate decreased 1.0 and 7.3 percent points during the analysed time-frame, respectively. The SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV fatality rate are five and 17 times higher than the current 2019-nCoV fatality rate. The current cumulative 2019-nCoV confirmed cases exceeded 3.5 and 11.3 times the SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV confirmed cases, respectivelly.ConclusionsA reduction in fatality and virulence rate associated with the novel coronavirus was observed in the analyzed time-frame. The novel coronavirus is spreading at higher rates than SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, although with comparative lower fatality rates. Continuous surveillance using additional indicators such as virulence rate (in addition to the fatality rate) may contribute to broaden and deepen the knowledge about the novel coronavirus.
Bench investigation of the accuracy of the dynamic approach in respiratory mechanics during noninvasive ventilation with different pressure support levels
Authors: Chen Yuqing , Yuan Yueyang , Zhang Hai , Li Feng , Zhou Xin
Published: February 2020

Background: Under the dynamic conditions of non-invasive mechanical ventilation, respiratory system mechanics parameters, including compliance (Crs) and airway resistance (Rrs), are affected by systemic and ventilator parameters. We evaluated the accuracy of respiratory mechanics in the dynamic approach in different lung disease models during pressure support ventilation (PSV).Methods: A Respironics V60 ventilator was connected to an active lung simulator for modeling four profiles of respiratory mechanics: normal, restrictive, obstructive and mixed obstructive/restrictive. PSV and positive end-expiration pressure (PEEP) were 2-25 cmH2O and 5 cmH2O, respectively. Measurements were performed with an air leak of 25-28 L/min. Ventilator performance and patient-ventilator asynchrony were evaluated by measuring flow, airway pressure, and volume. Crs and inspiratory/expiratory resistance (Rinsp/Rexp) were calculated by dynamic approach. Results: Crs was overestimated with pressure support (PS) at 5 cmH2O. Peak inspiratory/expiratory flow (PIF/PEF) and tidal volume (VT) was increased with PS level, while calculated Crs was decreased. At PS 10-15 cmH2O, the difference between calculated and preset Crs was ≤20% in higher resistance models (obstructive and mixed). In normal resistance conditions (restrictive and normal), the calculated Crs was always larger than the preset value significantly regardless of PS. Underestimations of Rinsp and Rexp were observed at PS 5-10 cmH2O. The calculation error might be controlled within 10% when PS above 15 cmH2O in higher resistance models. Conclusion: Higher gas flow is beneficial for Rrs estimation by using dynamic approach, whereas the calculation of Crs is always overestimated in normal resistance conditions.
Medical Chest Drain Insertion – Considerations for a Pleural Service
Authors: Liu Ying-Tung , Goh Zi Wei , Beckert Lutz
Published: February 2020

Aim:
To review local chest drain insertions, the indications, use of fibrinolytics, and the success rate of talc pleurodesis in a tertiary hospital in New Zealand.

Methods:
This is an observational study of all patients requiring chest drain insertion in the respiratory unit in Christchurch Hospital from January 2015 to December 2016. We analysed patient characteristics, type of drain inserted, and the nature of pleural fluid. We report the success of fibrinolytic therapy for empyema and pleurodesis for malignant pleural effusions.

Results:
A total of 486 chest drains were inserted for 333 patients, with a median age of 69 years. The majority of patients were male (60%) and 259 drains (53.3%) were inserted on the right. The main indications for chest drain insertion were malignant pleural effusions (50.5%), non-malignant pleural fluid (33.6%) and pneumothorax (17.7%). Most drains inserted were of small caliber; they were 12 French (Fr) (62.4%), central venous catheters to drain the pleural space (14.2%), and indwelling pleural catheters (10.9%). Talc slurry pleurodesis for malignant pleural effusions was used in 40 cases with a success rate of 75%.
In the 41 cases of empyema and complicated parapneumonic effusions (CPE), 29 organisms were cultured. The majority of organisms identified were Streptococcus and Staphylococcus species. Fibrinolytics were used in 26 cases (52%) of empyema and CPE. Of the 22 patients who required surgical intervention, only two had prior fibrinolytic therapy for empyema / CPE.

Conclusion:
Small bore catheters were used in Christchurch in keeping with international guidelines. The success rate of talc slurry pleurodesis and fibrinolytic therapy was in keeping with international experience.
miR-367-3p enhanced gastric cancer progression by targeting Smad7 to regulate the transforming growth factor-1/Smad3 pathway
Authors: Jing Yuan-ming , Zhang Lin , Zhang Yu , Wei guo Jian , Yang hui Jian , Huang liang Zong
Published: February 2020

Several studies have shown that miR-367-3p can function so as to promote or suppress the development of many forms of cancer, but its specific role in gastric cancer (GC) is not fully characterized. In this study, we found that patient GC samples exhibited significantly elevated miR-367-3p expression relative to healthy para-cancerous tissues, and the expression of this miRNA was positively correlated with features of more aggressive disease lymph node metastasis (p=0.025) and depth of invasion (p = 0.047). When miR-367-3p was overexpressed, this led to increased growth, migration, and epithelial-mesenchymal transformation of GC cells, whereas inhibiting this miRNA resulted in the opposite phenotype. Luciferase reporter assays further confirmed the ability of miR-367-3p to target Smad7 and to inhibit its expression. As Smad7 functions to suppress TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling, this miRNA is thus able to enhance TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling, which in turn drives GC progression and feed forward enhancement of this signaling pathway. Together these findings thus offer valuable new insight into the role of miR-367-3p in GC.
The fate of ARCO stage-II femur head necrosis with ring-shaped hardening zone: forty-one hips followed for average of nine years
Authors: Wu Zhong-Shu , Yang Peng , Yang Fan , Chen Xiao-Jun , Chen Zhen-Qiu , He Wei , Wei Qiu-Shi
Published: February 2020

Purpose The goal of this retrospective study is to report the lower collapse risk and good prognosis of the ARCO stage-II femur head necrosis with ring-shaped hardening zone. Methods We retrospectively recruited 30 patients (41 hips) with ring-shaped hardening zone from the ARCO stage II femur head necrosis. In these 41 hips with ring-shaped hardened bands, we found two subtypes which named type A and type B by us respectively. These hips were followed for a minimum of 5 years after the diagnosis. (average 9 years). Results 20 (48.8%) of the 41 hips suffered from hip pain, 18 (43.9%) of the them were painlessness, and 3 (7.3%) of the them were discomfort. Without special treatment, 9 (22.0%) of the 41 hips collapsed, 8 of them were type B and one was type A. At the last follow-up, the collapse of the nine hips were without apparent progress. At the most recent follow-up, the thirty patients had good daily hip function, 39 (95.1%) of the 41 hips were asymptomatic and only 2 (4.9%) of them were discomfort. ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that the ARCO stage II femur head necrosis with ring-shaped hardening zone at the middle of femoral head (stay away from the weight-bearing area) which called type A by our team have a low frequency of collapse. Surprisingly, we found that regardless of type A or type B, whether or not collapse occurred, the stage-II femur head necrosis with ring-shaped hardening zone has a good prognosis without special treatment.