bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cohesivity Fisheries Community in the Face of Climate Change on the Coast of Western Java
Authors: Adriana Galuh , K. Pandjaitan Nurmala , Hadi Dharmawan Arya
Published: May 2017

ABTRACT
The conditions of fishermen is very dependent with nature. Climate change that happening makes nature more difficult to predict. That can make the living of fishermen more vulnerabel. Communities that have a strong cohesiveness will have a collective action to deal with climate change. The purpose of this study is to see the level of cohesiveness fisherman in the face of climate change. The method used is mix method using questionnaire, observation and in-depth interviews. The number of respondents was 100 people. The selection of respondents was done by simple random sampling technique, where the study population are members of “raskin” program from government. The results are fisheries community have a strong social capital, sense of community and community collective efficacy, which is produced strong cohesiveness. However, in reality what is perceived is not necessarily reflected in everyday life. Collective action found only in activities that support public facilities. However, collective action for the economic interests only occurs in certain interest groups. According the results can be argued that the level of fishing community cohesiveness is high, but only produce preparadness for climate change.
Keywords: social cohesion, collective action, fisheries community

ABSTRAK
Kehidupan nelayan sangat bergantung dengan alam. Perubahan iklim yang terjadi membuat alam semakin sulit untuk diprediksi. Kondisi tersebut membuat kehidupan nelayan semakin vulnerabel. Komunitas yang memiliki kohesivitas yang kuat akan memiliki aksi kolektif untuk menghadapi perubahan iklim. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat derajat kohesivitas komuitas nelayan dalam mengahadapi perubahan iklim. Metode yang digunakan adalah mix method dengan menggunakan kuesioner, observasi dan wawancara mendalam. Jumlah responden adalah 100 orang. Pemilihan responden dilakukan dengan teknik simple random sampling, dimana populasi penelitian adalah anggota komunitas penerima program beras raskin dari pemerintah. Hasil penelitian adalah komunitas nelayan memiliki modal sosial, sense of community dan community collective efficacy yang kuat, yang akan menghasilkan kohesivitas yang kuat. Akan tetapi, apa yang dirasakan belum tentu tercerimin pada kehidupan sehari-hari. Aksi kolektif hanya terdapat pada kegiatan yang mendukung fasilitas umum. Akan tetapi aksi kolektif untuk kepentingan ekonomi hanya terjadi pada kelompok-kelompok kepentingan tertentu. Berdasarkan hasil dapat dikatakan bahwa tingkat kohesivitas komunitas nelayan tinggi, tetapi hanya menghasilkan kesiapan untuk menghadapi perubahan iklim.
Kata kunci: kohesivitas, aksi kolektif, komunitas pesisir
PENAPISAN DAN KARAKTERISASI PARSIAL SENYAWA ANTIMIKROBA DARI SIPUT BAKAU DAN PROFIL KROMATOGRAFI LAPIS TIPIS FRAKSI AKTIF
Authors: Ali Alimuddin , Hala Yusminah , Darminto Darminto
Published: April 2017

Mangrove snail is one of the animal medicines used againts bacterial infection, however, the scientific basic of the activity still void. The aim of this research were to investigate the antimicrobial effect of mangrove snail as the primary step to identify an antimicrobial activity and find out substances responsible to this activity. The study was conducted by collecting 4 snail samples. Extract were made be maceration of methanol and followed by chloroform and n-butanol partision, respectively. Antimicrobial activity has been done using Salmonella typhii, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and fungi Candida albicans. The result showed that these mangrove snail capable inhibit bacterial growth either Gram positive or negative, but can not inhibition fungi. Methanol extract of Terebralia sulcata showed inhibition zone has the Rf 0.27, whereas chloroform fractions of Charonia sp. has 6 spots by bioautographic. Two out of six spots showed inhibition zone with Rf 0.16 and Rf 0.4. Methanol extract of N. birmanica has inhibit with Rf 0.56. One spots with Rf 0.42 unclear as inhibition zone suggested negative. Then the methanol extract of Telescopium telescopium with Rf 0.34 showing inhibition zone.
Long-Term Optimal Generation Expansion Planing considering CO2 Reduction Policies and Mechanisms
Authors: Yuqian Song  , Jin Zhong  , Math H. J. Bollen
Published: May 2017

In a deregulated power system, a well-designed market mechanism could promote the optimal distribution of resources within the system. As one of the major sources of CO2 emissions, power industry can be seriously impacted by carbon emission related policies and regulations. This paper considers three widely promoted emission policies, using a long-term power system planning model to obtain the optimal generation expansion plan for twenty years. By analysing and comparing system investment schemes under different emission-related mechanisms, the processes of how these policies influence generation investment are revealed. The effectiveness of these policies is compared to determine the optimal carbon emission mechanism.
The Use of Power Gyrator Structures as Energy Processing Cells in Photovoltaic Solar Facilities
Authors: Herminio Martínez-García
Published: May 2017

This paper will provide a classification of high efficiency switching power-gyrator structures and their use as cells for energy processing in photovoltaic solar facilities. Having into account the properties of these topologies presented in the article, their inclusion in solar facilities allows increasing the performance of the whole installation. Thus, the design, simulation and implementation of a G-type power gyrator are carried out throughout the text. In addition, in order to obtain the maximum power from the photovoltaic solar panel, a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is mandatory in the energy processing path. Therefore, the practical implementation carried out includes a control loop of the power gyrator in order to track the aforementioned maximum power point of the photovoltaic solar panel.
Online Determination of Grid Impedance Spectrum through Pseudo-Random Excitation of a Pulse Width Modulator
Authors: Surena Neshvad  , Symeon Chatzinotas  , Jürgen Sachau
Published: May 2017

The last decade has seen a dramatic rise in renewable energy converters connected to the grid, consisting mostly of intermittent distributed generators on the medium or low voltage grid. Due to this evolution in energy transmission, improved monitoring and control of the distribution grid is becoming mandatory in order to efficiently integrate the new power sources and guarantee power quality, efficiency and reliability. Our paper describes a reliable and precise power grid impedance estimation method using an innovative scheme to control the Pulse Width Modulator’s pulse pattern on the inverters, in order to inject broad spectrum identification patterns. The generated harmonics and inter-harmonics will allow the online computation of the complete spectrum of the grid impedance at the Point of Common Coupling during normal operation. Simulations in typical grid situations verify that the proposed algorithm is robust to a realistic environment and can be used for automated feedback control.
Application of computational fluid dynamics models to aerodynamic design and optimization of wind turbine airfoils
Authors: E. Castiñeira-Martínez  , I. Solís-Gallego  , J. González  , J. Fernández Oro  , K. Argüelles Díaz  , S. Velarde-Suárez
Published: May 2017

In this work, the capability of simple numerical models with coarse grids to predict performance coefficients in wind turbine airfoils is explored. A wide range of simulations were performed for a typical wind turbine profile, under the main criteria of design simplicity and low calculation time. The solutions were computed over different mesh sizes using a two-dimensional Reynolds-Average Navier-Stockes (2D RANS) approach. Spalart-Allmaras, k-ε and k- turbulence models were run in the simulations. Lift, drag and momentum coefficients were computed for four incident angles, ranging from -2.5 to 12.5, for each mesh size and turbulence model, comparing them later with experimental data. Results show a useful model which gives a good agreement between numerical and experimental results and can indeed be used as a first approximation previous to a more detailed and expensive study.
Blade shape influence on aerodynamic efficiency of a Magnus wind turbine using particle image velocimetry
Authors: A. Massaguer  , E. Massaguer  , T. Pujol  , M. Comamala  , J. Velayos
Published: May 2017

Magnus wind turbine uses rotating cylinders instead of conventional horizontal axis blades. These cylinders rotate around their own axes and create a rotational force according to Magnus effect. Although this kind of wind turbines have many benefits over conventional axis blades and can exhibit different blade characteristics, it is not clearly demonstrated which the most efficient blade geometry is. This paper focuses on assess the influence of the blade shape on the Mangus force, using particle image velocimetry.
Zero–HyTechPark Project: Reducing CO2 Emissions with H2 RES Applications
Authors: A.M. Ferriz  , J. Simon
Published: May 2017

The Zero-HyTechPark project aims to put measures in place to achieve more sustainable technology parks via optimum energy management by means of systems based on hydrogen technologies and renewable energies. Thus, the objectives of the project focus on three areas: sustainable mobility promotion, dissemination of hydrogen technologies to the industrial and public sectors and achieve a zero emissions building. To complete these objectives, prototypes integrated with renewable energies such as a connected grid fuel cell, a fuel cell based cogeneration system, a fuel cell powered forklift balance of plant performing or the conversion of a battery electric vehicle to a fuel cell electric vehicle, among others have been developed. As a result, the CO2 emissions in the building under study have been reduced over 8 Tn of carbon dioxide.
Renewable energy production over the Iberian Peninsula: Optimizing power plants location and energy reservoirs.
Authors: J.P. Montávez  , S. Jerez  , R. Lorente-Plazas  , J. Ruiz  , A. Sarsa
Published: May 2017

In this paper we present a methodology for obtaining a energy production system based on renewable energy able to generate the energy demand supported by hydro electric pumped storage. This model is based on the minimization of the variance of the differences between energy demand and production. The minimization procedure uses the simulated annealing, and looks for the complementarity (spatial and temporal) of solar and wind resources. The minimized variance is controlled by the use of pumped-storage hydroelectricity. The renewable energy time series are obtained by using pseudo-real climatological series coming from a Regional Climate hindcast (10km spatial resolution, 1 hour temporal resolution) for the period 1959-2007 over the Iberian Peninsula. Once the optimal series are obtained, it is analysed the requirements that the hydro-electrical system must have. The exercise here presented gives an idea of the relationships between the renewable energy production, hydro-electrical power (pumping) and energy storage needed to guarantee the energy demand at long-term under the consideration of no loss of energy.
Ripple analyze and design considerations for an interleaved boost converter (IBC) for a PV source
Authors: R. Buerger  , A. Péres  , R. Hausmann  , R. A. Reiter  , A. L. Stankiewicz
Published: May 2017

This paper approaches the interleaved boost converter (IBC) for photovoltaic systems (PVS) with efficiency control. The purpose of this converter is to transfer the low DC PV voltage to a high DC voltage at its output. The low output voltage ripple and especially the low input current ripple (for MPPT) are analyzed, verified and compared to N cell IBCs. To improve the efficiency of the IBC, the control decides how many commutation cells are used, in relation to the actual power. This paper also shows to determine the critical PV current needed to work in continuous conduction mode. Finally, a dual IBC is experimental tested to verify the theoretically approaches.
Effects of the maximum flow ramping rates on the long-term operation decisions of a hydropower plant
Authors: I. Guisández  , J.I. Pérez-Díaz  , J.R. Wilhelmi
Published: May 2017

This paper presents a study on the influence of maximum ramping rates (MRR) on the annual operation of a real hydropower plant. For this purpose, an annual optimization model based on incremental dynamic programming (IDP) with weekly steps is used, each step being evaluated by mixed integer linear programming (MILP) on an hourly basis. The model considers hourly water inflows and energy prices, limits on reservoir level and water discharge, power generation dependence on the available head, wear and tear costs of hydro units caused by power variations, start-up and shut-down costs of hydro units, and minimum environmental flows and maximum ramping rates. The main contribution of the proposed model is the consideration of the released flow as a second state variable to define the state diagram of the problem, with the aim of guaranteeing the continuity of flow between consecutive weeks and thus the fulfilment of MRR. The results obtained in a case study with a real plant are discussed. The inclusion of the released flow as state variable does not show a significant impact in the estimated annual revenue, but certain differences observed in some periods of the year might justify its consideration in shorter time horizons.
Stability Analysis of Wind Energy Generation in the Electrical System of Puerto Rico
Authors: R. Darbali Zamora  , J. M. Arias Rosado  , A. J. Díaz Castillo
Published: May 2017

The Puerto Rico Electric Power Authority has proposed increasing the renewable energy generation of the island to an estimated 1,600MW. This will be accomplished by adding alternative energy sources (e.g. wind, solar, land fill gas, and waste) distributed throughout the island. Environmental benefits and increased energy independence should be weighed against the potential impact that increased generation of renewable energy will have on the electrical grid. Renewable energy sources are a variable source of energy due to their dependency on natural resources, creating a strain on the electric grid. In this study, a stability analysis of the electrical power system of Puerto Rico is conducted by observing the impact of the proposed increase in wind power generation.
Livro das Meditações (cód. alc. CCLXXIV/212): edição
Authors: Cambraia César Nardelli , Mordente Leonardo
Published: April 2017

O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar uma edição da tradução medieval portuguesa do Livro das Meditações, que circulou originalmente em latim na Idade Média sob a autoria de Santo Agostinho, mas constitui uma obra apócrifa construída a partir de diversas fontes, dentre elas um dos textos do próprio religioso. As principais fontes da obra foram Anselmo de Cantuária (ca. 1033-1109), Liber de Speculo, Alcuíno de York (735-804) e Agostinho (354-430), embora constem também João de Fécamp (1028-1078), Gregório Magno (ca. 540-604) e Pedro Damião (ca. 1007-ca. 1072). O texto português apresenta 38 capítulos, faltando provavelmente um por mutilação do códice. A linguagem do texto sugere que sua tradição compreende a realização de uma tradução no séc. XIV e a produção de cópia(s) no primeiro quarto do séc. XV e depois, novamente, outra(s) cópia(s) no segundo quarto do séc. XV, ou, mais precisamente, entre 1435 e 1468 (neste último caso, tratar-se ia do testemunho alcobacense).
Sobre a Noticia Geral de toda esta Capitania da Bahia, apenas uma crônica de José Antônio Caldas?
Authors: Lose Alícia Duhá , Telles Célia Marques
Published: April 2017

Recentemente reeditada pela quarta vez, a memória de José Antônio Caldas preparada para seu ingresso na Academia Brasílica dos Renascidos e dedicada ao 7º Conde dos Arcos, a Notícia Geral de toda esta Capitania da Bahia desde o seu descobrimento até o prezente anno de 1759, apresenta mais do que uma compilação de documentos históricos produzidos até aquele momento. A maior parte da obra apresenta, com riqueza de detalhes, a “Bahia dividida em tres Governos, Ecleziastico, Civil ou Secular, Militar”, o que, por si só, já demonstraria o valor ímpar da obra, não fosse ela, ainda, acompanhada por plantas, fachadas e mapas também produzidos pelo autor. O presente artigo faz uma descrição detalhada do manuscrito, além de apresentar o histórico das edições (diplomática, facsimilar e semidiplomática) preparadas a partir dele.
Las bibliotecas públicas híbridas en el contexto brasileño
Authors: Da Silva Rafaela Carolina , Caldas Rosângela Formentini
Published: May 2017

Las transformaciones sociales derivadas del uso de las Tecnologías de la Información y las Comunicaciones en los ambientes institucionales, en los cuales existe una actuación del profesional de la información, reflejan las diferentes perspectivas evidenciadas de las comunidades con las que trabajan. Se debe tener en cuenta que en el escenario brasileño existen pocos estudios acerca de las bibliotecas híbridas, lo que refleja la práctica de lo cotidiano en estas instituciones; si estas prácticas fuesen una constante se podrían constar beneficios ideales para las bibliotecas públicas.  El objetivo de esta investigación es realizar una comparación de las actuaciones de las bibliotecas híbridas existentes en el contexto brasileño y, de ese modo, destacar la diferencia de grupos culturales híbridos en las localidades brasileñas. Se utilizó el método de estudio de casos múltiples en las bibliotecas: BSP/São Paulo, BNB/Brasilia y BHEGS/Bahía. Las bibliotecas públicas híbridas brasileñas tienen un elevado potencial para articular propuestas defendiendo nuevas posturas y concepciones de diseminación de información. Por tanto, las estrategias de desarrollo de comunidades que desean adoptar el modelo híbrido para sus bibliotecas deben orientarse hacia el acceso a la información, por medio de políticas públicas, tecnologías y estructuras organizacionales como aporte para la ciudadanía de los individuos que interactúan socialmente en sus localidades.
Diagnóstico de los sistemas de información en las empresas priorizadas según los requerimientos actuales
Authors: Castillo Almeida Grisel , Pérez Rodríguez Elio Moisés
Published: May 2017

La necesidad de mantener sistemas de información eficientes en las empresas priorizadas del territorio de Pinar del Río (Cuba), nos llevó a realizar un diagnóstico para determinar el estado actual de los mismos y proponer acciones de conjunto que faciliten la toma de decisiones y la identificación de los flujos de información útiles, para favorecer el desempeño organizacional. Los resultados del estudio arrojaron, entre otros datos, que solo el 12% tiene un sistema de información organizado e implementado según los requerimientos actuales, lo que indica que el 88% desaprovecha las oportunidades que brindan los sistemas de información. Se destaca, además, la necesidad de implementar buenas prácticas para asegurar la seguridad de la información según las normas vigentes. Se aprobó la ejecución de un grupo de actividades para elevar en primer término la eficiencia del sistema informativo de la muestra de estudio, con vistas a continuar profundizando hacia la inteligencia empresarial
Bioma Caatinga sob a perspectiva de estudantes residentes em áreas rurais
Authors: Silva Marleide Gomes da , Bilar Alexsandro Bezerra Correia , Pimentel Rejane Magalhães de Mendonça
Published: May 2017

A Caatinga possui rica biodiversidade e grande relevância para a qualidade ambiental e o equilíbrio ecológico do Brasil, porém vem sofrendo considerável degradação através de ações antrópicas; a educação ambiental é um importante instrumento de preservação desse bioma. Foi realizada uma pesquisa exploratório-descritiva com estudantes do ensino médio residentes em áreas rurais visando: i- identificar as principais atividades realizadas por eles mesmos ou por seus familiares, na região onde vivem, que são consideradas prejudiciais à vegetação de Caatinga; e ii- averiguar de que forma esses discentes avaliam a sua relação de coexistência com esse bioma. A análise qualitativa dos dados demonstrou que os alunos entendem sua relação com a Caatinga como pouco harmoniosa, inclusive reconheceram que queimadas e desmatamentos foram praticados por eles ou seus parentes. Além disso, constatou-se a deficiência de práticas de ensino-aprendizagem de educação ambiental na escola estudada, dificultando a conscientização ambiental de seus frequentadores.Palavras-Chave: Conservação da biodiversidade, educação ambiental, sustentabilidade.
Uso da água e destinação de resíduos sólidos domiciliares no meio rural
Authors: Nunes Aline Cristina Ferreira , Bilar Alexsandro Bezerra Correia , Pimentel Rejane Magalhães de Mendonça
Published: May 2017

O uso racional da água e a correta destinação de resíduos sólidos domiciliares são ações sustentáveis, benéficas ao meio ambiente. No meio rural do semiárido nordestino, a pouca água existente deve ser tratada com enorme zelo e consciência; a educação ambiental possui um papel importante nesse processo. Realizou-se uma pesquisa exploratório-descritiva com estudantes rurais do ensino fundamental com o intuito de averiguar como suas famílias utilizam a água e que destino é dado aos resíduos sólidos gerados diariamente. Verificou-se que a água consumida pelos estudantes e seus familiares é armazenada em poços e cisternas, e parte é utilizada na agricultura e pecuária. Constatou-se desperdício no uso dessa água e que os resíduos sólidos domiciliares dos moradores de sítios são queimados ou enterrados. Existe deficiência nas práticas pedagógicas de educação ambiental adotadas pela escola estudada.
RUANG JELAJAH HOABINHIAN DI PULAU SUMATRA
Authors: Wiradnyana Ketut
Published: May 2017

Thir article intends to interpret the Hoabinh Culture Dispersal from the Hoabinh culture presence on the western part of Sumatra island, with different activities period. It can be achieved by recognizing archaeological material and carbon analysis results, and is part to surveys dan excavation results. The results is Hoabinh occupation range at coastal and highlands. Carbon analysis explains that, Hoabinh migrationfrom the coast to the higlands. Menginterpretasikan alur sebaran atas keberadaan situs budaya Hoabinh di Pulau Sumatra bagian utara,dengan berbagai perbedaan masa aktivitasnya, merupakan tujuan dari uraian artikel ini. Hal tersebut dapat dicapai dengan mengenali sisa tinggalan arkeologisnya dan juga hasil analisa karbon yang merupakan bagian dari hasil kegiatan survei dan ekskavasi. Adapun hasilnya menyangkut ruang jelajah pendukung budaya Hoabinh di pesisir dan dataran tinggi. Dari data analisa karbon diketahui bahwa sebaran pendukung budaya Hoabinh itu berlangsung dari pesisir Pulau Sumatra ke wilayah dataran tinggi.
PRODUKSI DAN DISTRIBUSI GERABAH DI SITUS GUNUNG WINGKO: KAJIAN ARKEOLOGI EKONOMI
Authors: Alifah Alifah
Published: May 2017

Mount Wingko site is one of the sites which is rich in artifacts and ecofacts findings. This research aims to understand how production and distribution activities occur in the community at Gunung Wingko site. This research applied economic archaeology approach with tray pottery artifacts as primary data supported by other findings. Based on the analysis, it is found that there are two activities at Mount Wingko site that is salt production and cattle raising. Formerly, distribution activity was done by exchange, then it was developed into trading. Situs Gunung Wingko merupakan salah satu situs yang kaya akan temuan artefak dan ekofak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memahami bagaimana kegiatan produksi dan distribusi yang terjadi pada masyarakat di situs Gunug Wingko. Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah arkeologi ekonomi dengan data utama yang dipakai dalah artefak gerabah tampah dan didukung oleh temuan lain. Berdasarkan analisis yang dilakukan diketahui bahwa, di situs Gunung Wingko terdapat dua aktivitas produksi yaitu pembuatan garam dan pemeliharaan binatang. Aktivitas distribusi pada awalnya dilakukan secara pertukaran, kemudian berkembang menjadi perdagangan.
SITUS-SITUS ARKEOLOGI SEBAGAI MOTIVASI PENARIK (PULL FACTORS) WISATAWAN LANJUT USIA (SILVER TOURISM) BERKUNJUNG KE PROVINSI BALI
Authors: Astiti Ni Komang Ayu
Published: May 2017

The potential and readiness of archaeological sites as good tourist destination from attraction, accessibility, amenity and community acceptability become important as one of the elderly tourists motivation to visit Bali. This research aims to explore the strategy management of archaeological sites as comfortable and secure cultural tourism attraction by conserving so that it becomes the pull factor of elderly tourist visit. The research was conducted by survey method and using combined analytical technique of quantitative and qualitative. From the data analysis, it is known that elderly tourists in Bali gives a positive value on diversity of cultural tourism attractions with activity visiting archaeological sites (17.89 %), visiting museum (9.47 %), religious or spiritual activity (18.95 %), enjoying Balinese people tradition (27.37 %), and attending cultural events of Bali (24.21 %). Management through zoning system formulation is quietly efective. Besides accessibility, Various facilities can be provided at the development zone which can motivate elderly tourists to visit. Today, the management of archaeological site in Bali has not given much attention to the facilities of elderly tourists and people with disabilities. Potensi dan kesiapan situs-situs arkeologi sebagai destinasi wisata baik dari atraksi, aksesbilitas, amenitas dan penerimaan masyarakat menjadi penting sebagai salah satu motivasi wisatawan lanjut usia untuk berkunjung. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mencari strategi pengelolaan situs-situs arkeologi sebagai atraksi wisata budaya yang nyaman dan aman dengan menjaga pelestarian sehingga menjadi motivasi penarik (pull factor) wisatawan lanjut usia berkunjung ke Bali. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode survei dan menggunakan teknik analisis gabungan antara kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Dari analisis data diketahui bahwa wisatawan lanjut usia di Bali memberikan nilai positif pada keragaman atraksi wisata budaya dengan aktivitas berkunjung ke situs-situs arkeologi (17,89 %), ke museum (9,47 %), aktivitas religi/spritual (18,95 %), tradisi masyarakat Bali (27,37 %), dan event-event budaya Bali ( 24,21%). Pengelolaan dengan melakukan penataan sistem zoning sangat efektif, pada zona pengembangan dapat disediakan berbagai fasilitas yang dapat menjadi motivasi wisatawan lanjut usia berkunjung selain aksesbilitas. Pengelolaan situs-situs arkeologi di Bali saat ini belum banyak memberikan fasilitas khusus untuk kebutuhan wisatawan lanjut usia dan penyandang disabilitas.
MAKAM KUNO SUTAN NASINOK HARAHAP, POLA PENGUBURAN ETNIS BATAK ANGKOLA-MANDAILING DI PADANG LAWAS UTARA
Authors: Nasoichah Churmatin
Published: May 2017

The purpose of this paper is to understand of the Ancient Tomb Complex of Sutan Nasinok Harahap and its relation to the tombs of ancient Batak in the territory of North Padang Lawas. In writing this paper uses inductive deductive reasoning which moved from the main data in the form of the Ancient Tomb of Sutan Nasinok Harahap associated pattern that is then analyzed by comparing burial tombs of other ancient Batak is also located in the region of North Padang Lawas. The Ancient tomb complex Sutan Nasinok Harahap an ancient Batak tomb and a burial place formed in a mound that is prepared and bounded by some flat stones. Burial patterns as it is also seen in the tombs of ancient Batak else in North Padang Lawas District, such as the ancient tomb of Raja Soritaon, Tuat Sohatembalon Siregar ancient tombs, and ancient tombs Lobu Dolok. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui gambaran mengenai Kompleks Makam Kuno Sutan Nasinok Harahap dan kaitannya dengan makam-makam Batak Kuno lainnya di wilayah Padang Lawas Utara. Penelitian ini menggunakan penalaran induktif yang beranjak dari data utama yang berupa Makam Kuno Sutan Nasinok Harahap, dianalisis terkait pola penguburan dengan membandingkannya dengan makam-makam Batak kuno lainnya yang juga berlokasi di wilayah Padang Lawas Utara. Kompleks makam kuno Sutan Nasinok Harahap merupakan makam Batak Kuno dan sebuah tempat penguburan, dibentuk dalam sebuah gundukan yang disusun, dibatasi oleh beberapa batu pipih. Pola penguburan seperti itu juga terlihat pada makam-makam Batak kuno lain yang ada di Kabupaten Padang Lawas Utara, seperti makam kuno Raja Soritaon, makam kuno Tuat Sohatembalon Siregar, dan makam kuno Lobu Dolok.
Analisis Pengaruh Efisiensi dan Kecukupan Modal terhadap Kinerja Keuangan pada Bank Pembangunan Daerah di Indonesia
Authors: Sparta Sparta
Published: May 2017

This study aims to investigate the efficiency of Indonesian regional development banks (BPD) and the effects of efficiency, capital adequacy, bank size, and macroeconomic indicators on the performance of BPDs in 2008-2012. Our variables of interests are BOPO, CAR, LNSIZE, PDRB, GCRED and INF. We analyze these variables on 130 firm-year observations using the OLS with panel data. Our findings show that on average the BOPO of our BPD sample is 72.45%. During that period, BPD Sulawesi Selatan (BPD Aceh) is the most (least) efficient BPD as indicated by its BOPO of 54.03% (92.98%). Next, our year-to-year analysis reveals that the most (least) efficient BPDs for the year 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, and 2012 are BDKI, BSTR,BACH, BSUA, and BSSN (BSST, BSTA, BKTm, BSTA, and BSTA), respectively. Our study also indicates that none of BPD in Java have assets higher than their counterparts outside Java that are the most efficient BPDs for the whole Indonesia. Finally, we find that BOPO, CAR, LNSIZE, and GCREDR negatively affect BPDs’ financial performance while INFR is positively associated with financial performance. However, GPDRBT has no significant effect on BPDs’ financial performance.

Abstrak

 

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran efisiensi BPD di Indonesia dan  pengaruh efisiensi, kecukupan modal, ukuran bank dan indikator makro ekonomi terhadap kinerja BPD di Indonesia periode 2008-2012. Variabel-variabel yang dianalisis dalam riset ini adalah BOPO, CAR, LNSIZE, PDRB, GCRED dan INF. Alat analisis yang digunakan adalah OLS dengan data panel. Jumlah observasi dalam studi ini adalah sebanyak 130. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa efisiensi bank BPD di Indonesia selama periode 2008-2012, yang ditunjukkan oleh rata-rata BOPO, adalah 72,45 persen. Selama periode tersebut, BPD Aceh mendapat predikat bank paling tidak efisien dengan BOPO 92,98 persen dan BPD Sulawesi Selatan mendapat predikat bank BPD paling efisien dengan BOPO 54,03 persen. Bank BPD paling efisien untuk tahun 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011 dan 2012 berturut adalah BDKI, BSTR, BACH, BSUA dan BSSN. Sedangkan bank BPD paling tidak efisien untuk tahun 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, dan 2012 berturut-turut adalah BSST, BSTA, BKTm, BSTA dan BSTA. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada satupun bank BPD di pulau jawa yang  memiliki total aset lebih besar dibandingkan bank BPD di luar jawa yang mendapatkan predikat bank BPD paling efisien di Indonesia. Hasil penelitian ini juga menunjukkan bahwa BOPO, CAR, LNSIZE, dan GCREDR secara signifikan berpengaruh negatif pada kinerja keuangan bank BPD. INFR ditemukan berpengaruh secara signifkan dan positif terhadap kinerja keuangan BPD. Sementara itu, GPDRBT tidak memiliki pengaruh signifikan pada kinerja keuangan BPD.
Historiografias do Contemporâneo
Authors: Asbury Michael
Published: April 2017

Desde o advento da exposição Global Conceptualisms: points of origin 1950s-1980s’, realizada no Museu de Queens, Nova York, em 1999, o termo “conceitualismo” firmou-se como o principal meio para descrever “práticas artísticas globais” de 1950 até à presente data. O termo foi se consolidando e, em grande medida ultrapassou as intenções originais da exposição para tornar-se uma forma derivativa da arte conceitual norte-americana. Tenho como hipótese de que essa relação histórica com arte conceitual é metodologicamente problemática, já que ela foi um movimento amplamente descrito como tendo surgido a partir da rejeição do formalismo greenbergiano e sua crença na especificidade dos meios. Nesse sentido, é uma denominação que é cultural, geopolítica e historicamente situada. Minha palestra terá por objetivo discutir outras terminologias possíveis para essas práticas diversas, enfatizando genealogias em que propostas de caráter conceitual surgiram sem reação direta com essa genealogia específica com a arte conceitual canônica.
Da grade múltipla da montagem
Authors: Costa Luiz Cláudio da
Published: April 2017

O artigo investiga uma possível genealogia do uso do sistema gradeado de imagens feito por artistas desde os anos 1990. Desenvolvida pelo pensamento visual clássico, a grade de representação do visível sofre transformações até que artistas pós-cubistas desenvolvem um quadro modular abstrato, ao qual Mondrian renunciará, a partir de certo momento de sua trajetória, em favor do quadro-diagrama. Essa história linear é, contudo, ainda mais complexa, com outros desvios críticos Entre os artistas das vanguardas históricas – do construtivismo ao surrealismo –, surgem modalidades de quadros múltiplos realizados pela montagem de imagens fotográficas. Nos anos 1960/1970, o quadro múltiplo ressurge na Pop Art, sendo transformado pela Arte Conceitual e pela geração do final do século XX. Insisto no termo grade para não acolher ideias de rupturas históricas definitivas, mas tampouco defendo ideias de evolução.
PERAN KEPERAWATAN DALAM MENUNJANG PEMBANGUNAN KESEHATAN PARIWISATA BERBASIS MASYARAKAT DI BALI
Authors: Swedarma Kadek Eka
Published: May 2017

Peran perawat dalam memberikan pelayanan keperawatan kepada wisatawan belum terlihat nyata. Salah satu kemungkinan yang terjadi karena belum jelasnya pemahaman, batasan dan kemampuan perawat dalam menunjang kesehatan pariwisata. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi peran perawat dalam memberikan pelayanan kesehatan pariwisata, serta memahami tentang faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kemampuan perawat dalam memberikan pelayanan keperawatan baik kepada wisatawan, pelaku wisata maupun masyarakat sebagai tujuan wisata.
Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian crossectional study. Pengambilan data dilaksanakan pada 4 Puskesmas wilayah tempat wisata baik di Gianyar, Denpasar, Badung dan Bangli terhadap 32 perawat yang bertugas di Puskesmas dengan teknik purposive sampling.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari 32 responden perawat di Puskesmas sebanyak 40% perawat melaksanakan tugas sebagai pemberi pelayanan keperawatan, 30% peran sebagai pendidik masyarakat, 20% sebagai advokat serta 10% sebagai konselor. Sebanyak 60% kemampuan perawat sudah baik, 25% cukup dan 15% kemampuan perawat masih kurang. Terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara umur (p: 0,002, OR:2,2),  pendidikan (p: 0,001, OR:2,3), serta kemampuan bahasa asing (p: 0,000, OR:3,4), dengan kemampuan perawat dalam memberikan pelayanan keperawatan baik kepada wisatawan, pelaku wisata maupun masyarakat.
Dari hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa sebagian besar perawat berperan sebagai pemberi pelayanan kesehatan dan kemampuannya sudah baik. Kemampuan berbahasa asing yang kurang berpotensi 3 kali menyebabkan pelayanan keperawatan yang diberikan juga kurang. Kondisi ini perlu mendapatkan perhatian baik dari dinas kesehatan, dinas pariwisata maupun pihak terkait lainnya membekali perawat dengan pendidikan serta pelatihan yang memadai mengenai perkembangan terkini tentang kesehatan wisata serta kemampuan berbahasa asing.Kata kunci : Peran Keperawatan, Kesehatan Pariwisata
COGNITIVE THERAPY: A REALITY ORIENTATION MODEL FOR MENTAL ILLNESS PATIENTS THAT EXPERIENCED AUDITORY HALLUCINATIONS
Authors: Pratiwi Arum , Dewi Enita
Published: May 2017

This research aim was to develop a model of reality orientation therapy on patients with schizophrenia who had auditory hallucinations. This design of the study was a sequential exploratory research which combines qualitative and quantitative approach. Respondents in this study were patients with schizophrenia who experience auditory hallucinations. Ten respondents who met the criteria were used as a population target in trials of therapeutic procedures. Five nurses who have experience treating patients in a mental hospital established as an expert on trial of instrument development.Initially, the contents of the hallucinations were identified using "Beliefs about the Voices Questionnaire (BaVQ)" through interviews, and then were analysed using thematic analysis. The results of the analysis were the themes that used to develop a reality orientation therapy procedure. The procedure was applied for one month, three times every week for the respondents. Evaluation of treatment programs to the target population was evaluated using an anxiety scale and evaluation of instrument therapy using a content validity test which includes the step of designing, testing, validation, verification, and final validation.The content validity test illustrated that application of reality orientation therapy had been developed from verification until final validation. The level of the patient's anxiety was statistically significant 1,078 (P 0.309). It can be concluded that there was no difference between the patient's anxiety before and after cognitive therapy reality orientation. Key words: Cognitive therapy orientation reality, nursing intervention, auditory hallucination.
Human newborn polymorphonuclear neutrophils exhibit decreased levels of MyD88 and attenuated p38 phosphorylation in response to lipopolysaccharide
Authors: Al-Hertani Walla , Yan Sen Rong , Byers David M. , Bortolussi Robert
Published: May 2017

Purpose: Human newborn infants have increased susceptibility to gram-negative bacterial infection. Since lipopolysaccharide (LPS) primes polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) to enhance host defense functions, we investigated its effect on adult and newborn PMN in vitro.

Methods: PMN were isolated from blood of healthy adults and umbilical cords of full term newborns using dextran and Ficoll-Paque gradient sedimentation. Gel electrophoresis and Western blotting of membranes were used to probe for Mitogen-Activated Protein (MAP) kinase p38 phosphorylation, Toll-like Receptor-4 (TLR-4) and Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88 (MyD88) on isolated PMN membranes using specific antibodies. LPS induced degranulation was assessed using CD66 expression on PMN measured by flow cytometry.

Results: We show that p38 phosphorylation in newborn PMN is attenuated in response to LPS stimulation even though adult and newborn PMN have similar amounts of p38 protein. The degree of attenuation in newborn PMN is dependent on the osmolarity of the medium. In addition, LPS-induced degranulation, a process that is p38 dependent, was also absent in newborn PMN. Although the LPS receptor TLR-4 is present at similar levels on newborn and adult PMN, its downstream adaptor protein MyD88 was significantly diminished in newborn PMN compared to adult cells.

Conclusions: Although the mechanism of PMN priming by LPS is not fully understood, our results suggest that MyD88 and p38 phosphorylation are important pathways in the process and contribute to attenuated response of newborn PMN to LPS in vitro.
Aerobic Capacity of Elderly People after a Short 6-week Intermittent Exercise Programme
Authors: Lonsdorfer-Wolf Evelyne , Doutreleau Stéphane , Richard Ruddy , Geny Bernard , Lonsdorfer Jean
Published: May 2017

Background: One of the most debilitating effects of advancing age is the progressive decline in aerobic exercise capacity. To prevent this decrease, exercise prescription has been proved to be effective in compensating for the age-associated decline in maximal oxygen capacity.

Methods: 27 healthy sedentary elderly men (10) and women (17) aged 67±7 yr, were involved in a tailored 6-week intermittent exercise programme, with 30 min cycling per session, 3 times a week. One session alternated 4 min at a workload corresponding to the ventilatory threshold (called “bases”) and 1 min to a charge corresponding to 90% of the maximum tolerated power of the subjects (called “peaks”). This was repeated 6 times during one session. To determine these charges, all subjects underwent a 1-minute-step maximal incremental exercise test to find out their maximal tolerated power, peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak), maximal heart rate, and maximal lactate. A second maximal incremental exercise test was performed after the programme, to compare the different parameters.

Results: For the whole group, maximal tolerated power increased from 113±8 watts to 13±9 watts (P < 0.001), VO2 peak increased from 19.8±0.9 ml·kg-1·min-1 to 22.2 ±0.9 ml·kg-1·min-1 (P=0.002), maximal heart rate (143±4 vs 144±4 beats·min-1) and maximal lactate (5.4±0.3 vs 5.7±0.3 mmol·L-1) did not change. VO2 at ventilatory threshold increased from 950±57 ml·min-1 to 1095±69 ml·min-1 (P=0.007), and the corresponding power increased from 65±5 watts to 82±6 watts (P < 0.001).

Conclusions: Even after a short time training programme (6 weeks), we observed a significant improvement in aerobic capacity, and especially in sub-maximal workloads, which represented, for these subjects, their daily-life capacity.
Susceptibility to Muscle Fatigue and Lung Mechanics in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Pepin Véronique , Saey Didier , Côté Claude H. , LeBlanc Pierre , Maltais François
Published: May 2017

Background: Contractile fatigue of the quadriceps occurs in a significant proportion of patients with COPD after constant-load cycling exercise. Dynamic hyperinflation, by altering cardiac output during exercise, could contribute to fatigue susceptibility in this population. The purpose of this study was to compare operational lung volumes during constant workrate exercise between COPD patients who do and those who do not develop contractile fatigue of the quadriceps (fatiguers vs non-fatiguers).

Methods: Sixty-two patients with COPD (FEV1: 46±16%) completed a constant-load cycling test at 80% of the peak workrate achieved during progressive cycle ergometry. Ventilatory parameters were monitored breath-by-breath, while inspiratory capacity maneuvers were obtained every other minute during constant-load cycling. Quadriceps twitch force was measured with magnetic stimulation of the femoral nerve before and after the test. Muscle fatigue was defined as a post-exercise reduction in quadriceps twitch force of more than 15% of the resting value.

Results: Forty patients (65%) developed muscle fatigue after constant-load cycling. No significant differences were found between fatiguers and non-fatiguers with respect to age, body mass index, resting lung function, peak oxygen consumption, and endurance time to constant-load exercise. Change in inspiratory capacity from rest to end-exercise (DIC) was similar between both subgroups (DIC: 0.56±0.32L vs 0.56±0.47L for fatiguers and non-fatiguers respectively, P=0.99).

Conclusion: Susceptibility to muscle fatigue could not be predicted by exercise duration or by the degree of dynamic hyperinflation in patients with COPD.
Predictive Value of the Transtheoretical Model to Smoking Cessation in Hospitalized Patients with Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Chouinard Maud-Christine , Robichaud-Ekstrand Sylvie
Published: May 2017

Background: Several authors have questioned the Transtheoretical Model (TTM). Determining the predictive value of each cognitive-behavioural element within this model could explain the successes reported in smoking cessation programs. The purpose of this study was to predict point-prevalent smoking abstinence and progression through stages of change at 2 and 6 months, using the constructs of the TTM, when applied to a pooled sample of individuals who were hospitalized for a cardiovascular event.

Methods: In a predictive correlation design, recently hospitalized patients (N = 168) with cardiovascular disease (CVD) were pooled from a randomized controlled trial. Independent variables of the predictive TTM comprise stages and processes of change, pros and cons to quit smoking (decisional balance), self-efficacy, and social support. These were evaluated at baseline, 2 and 6 months.

Results: Compared with smokers, individuals who abstained from smoking at 2 and 6 months were more confident at baseline to remain non-smokers, perceived less pros and cons to continue smoking, utilized less consciousness raising and self-reevaluation experiential processes of change, and received more positive reinforcement from their social network with regard to their smoke-free behaviour. Self-efficacy at baseline was the only element which predicted that patients would progress through the stages of change between hospital discharge and 6 months.

Conclusions: Self-efficacy was the only element which predicted smoking abstinence and progression through stages of change. Observations about the other elements are congruent with the TTM. This study provides important information regarding the application of the TTM to smoking cessation in CVD patients.
Systemic Changes in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): Two Years of Follow-up
Authors: Galesanu Roxana G. , Bernard Sarah , Bourbeau Jean , Michaud Annie , Maltais François
Published: May 2017

Background: There is a lack of information concerning the natural evolution of the systemic manifestations related to COPD. The aim of this study was to observe the evolution of the systemic manifestations (muscle wasting, inflammation) related to COPD over a two-year period and to assess their relationships with clinical outcomes (exacerbations and worsening in quality of life) in a longitudinal prospective cohort.

Methods: Forty-eight patients with COPD (FEV1: 42 ± 14 % predicted, lean mass: 49 ± 10 kg, 6-min walking distance: 422 ± 112 m, total SGRQ score: 45 ± 17) were included. Baseline and annual follow-up for body composition by DEXA scan, blood cytokines (CRP, IL-6), arterial blood gases, pulmonary function tests and quality of life were obtained. The number of acute exacerbations was recorded.

Results: Overall, FEV1, lean body mass, 6-min walking distance and blood inflammatory markers did not change over the two years. During this time, the SGRQ scores decreased by 4 ± 11 points (P=0.021) and 2.7 ± 2.4 exacerbations per patient were observed. There was no relationship between the changes in physiological measures and the fall in SGRQ or the exacerbation rate. A loss in lean body mass > 3% was observed in 11 (23%) patients but this was not associated with any adverse clinical outcomes nor with further loss in FEV1, walking distance and inflammatory status.

Conclusion: This cohort of patients remained remarkably stable over a 2-year follow-up period. A small loss in lean body mass was observed in some patients but this could not be associated with adverse clinical outcomes during this period.