bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Le Vieillissement cérébral
Authors: Delaère Pia , Duyckaerts Charles , Hauw Jean-Jacques
Published: December 2021

Résumé Une des méthodes de choix pour comprendre le vieillissement du cerveau, c’est l’analyse des lésions cérébrales. Ces lésions (perte cellulaire, accumulation de protéines anormales) sont observées chez le sujet âgé et aussi, avec une densité beaucoup plus élevée chez les sujets souffrant d’une maladie d’Alzheimer. Ces observations posent le problème des relations entre vieillissement et maladie d’Alzheimer. L’analyse des mécanismes d’accumulation de ces lésions devrait permettre de mieux comprendre le processus du vieillissement cérébral.
Le Vieillissement cérébral
Authors: Luxenberg Jay S. , Rapoport Stanley I.
Published: December 2021

Résumé Les modifications du métabolisme cérébral liées au vieillissement constituent une voie de recherche nouvelle chez l’homme, grâce à la mise au point de la caméra à positron (PET-scan). Il semble bien que chez le sujet normal le métabolisme de base varie peu avec l’âge, mais qu’en revanche les relations fonctionnelles entre zones cérébrales puissent être altérées.
Mise en ordre socio-morale et qualification pénale
Authors: Vanhamme Françoise
Published: December 2021

Cette contribution vise à reconstituer la chaîne du traitement de l’information qui mène le juge correctionnel à qualifier l’événement dont il est saisi, dans une approche sociocognitive. Elle se fonde sur un an d’observation des pratiques judiciaires dans deux tribunaux belges. Selon notre perspective processuelle, la sélection d’un article du code pénal par le juge se base sur deux normes de surface caractérisées en contexte ; la première, à caractère socio-moral, se traduit en une seconde, à usage pénal. Or ces normes se particularisent au cours d’une catégorisation de la « gravité sociale de la cause ». Nous explorons dès lors les procédés interprétatifs qui participent principalement à cette catégorisation. Ils témoignent d’une variété d’inférences qui tentent de cerner, in fine, la dangerosité potentielle du justiciable. La contribution souligne le caractère dynamique et révisable de ces catégorisations. Elle pointe ensuite leur nécessaire intégration à la finalité de l’institution de la justice telle que conçue par les juges, soit la défense de l’ordre social, une mission éminemment socio-morale ; le processus de qualification et la catégorie juridique pénale retenue sont donc enracinés dans cette finalité.
Erratum and addendum to "A forward Ergodic Closing Lemma and the Entropy Conjecture for nonsingular endomorphisms away from tangencies" (Volume 40, Number 4, 2020, 2285-2313)
Authors: Hayashi Shuhei
Published: December 2021

We add a lemma implicitly used in the proof of the forward Ergodic Closing Lemma in the paper "A forward Ergodic Closing Lemma and the Entropy Conjecture for nonsingular endomorphisms away from tangencies" [Discrete Contin. Dyn. Syst., 40 (2020), 2285-2313].
Positive stability analysis of pseudo almost periodic solutions for HDCNNs accompanying $ D $ operator
Authors: Zhang Lilun , Li Le , Huang Chuangxia
Published: December 2021

In this study, the stable dynamics of a kind of high-order cellular neural networks accompanying \begin{document}$ D $\end{document} operators and mixed delays are analyzed. The global existence of bounded positive solutions is substantiated by applying some novel differential inequality analyses. Meanwhile, by exploiting Lyapunov function method, some sufficient criteria are gained to validate the positiveness and globally exponential stability of pseudo almost periodic solutions on the addressed networks. In addition, computer simulations are produced to test the derived analytical findings.
Discrete-time COVID-19 epidemic model with bifurcation and control
Authors: Khan A. Q. ,   Department of Mathematics, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad 13100, Pakistan, Tasneem M. , Almatrafi M. B. ,   Department of Mathematics, College of Science, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah, Saudi Arabia
Published: December 2021

The local dynamics with different topological classifications, bifurcation analysis and chaos control in a discrete-time COVID-19 epidemic model are investigated in the interior of $ \mathbb{R}_+^3 $. It is proved that discrete-time COVID-19 epidemic model has boundary equilibrium solution for all involved parameters, but it has an interior equilibrium solution under definite parametric condition. Then by linear stability theory, local dynamics with different topological classifications are investigated about boundary and interior equilibrium solutions of the discrete-time COVID-19 epidemic model. Further for the discrete-time COVID-19 epidemic model, existence of periodic points and convergence rate are also investigated. It is also investigated the existence of possible bifurcations about boundary and interior equilibrium solutions, and proved that there exists no flip bifurcation about boundary equilibrium solution. Moreover, it is proved that about interior equilibrium solution there exists hopf and flip bifurcations, and we have studied these bifurcations by utilizing explicit criterion. Next by feedback control strategy, chaos in the discrete COVID-19 epidemic model is also explored. Finally numerically verified theoretical results.
Efficacy of Visual Encounter Surveys for Coastal Tailed Frog Detection
Authors: Millard-Martin Ben , Todd Melissa , Johnson Chris J. , McEwan Alexandria L.
Published: December 2021

Coastal tailed frogs Ascaphus truei inhabit montane streams and forested habitats in the Coast and Cascade mountains from northern California to the Skeena River watershed in northwestern British Columbia. Terrestrial adults and juveniles of this cryptic biphasic species are difficult to survey as they are small, do not vocalize, and may be associated with woody ground structures or subsurface refugia at considerable distances from natal streams. We performed a comparative analysis of the detection rate of postmetamorphic coastal tailed frogs and ecological factors hypothesized to influence detection when conducting visual encounter and pitfall trap surveys. We conducted concurrent surveys in northwestern British Columbia at six sites over similar time periods using both techniques. The average detection rate of visual encounter surveys (mean = 0.249, SD = 0.702) was greater than that of pitfall sampling (mean = 0.138, SD = 0.773) when cool temperatures and high humidity favor aboveground movement during the daytime. Light-touch ground searches of refuge habitats likely enhanced detection during visual surveys. Although the average detection rate was less, pitfall traps provided 24-h sampling and were less affected by the experience of the surveyor and the occurrence of ground cover. In general, variation in seasonal behavior influenced detection regardless of method. The relatively higher cost and fixed nature of pitfall traps should be weighed against the ability to apply more cost-effective visual encounter surveys to a greater number of sites.
Censura ao cinema nas ditaduras ibéricas: introdução
Authors: Morais Ana Bela
Published: December 2021

Este texto introduz o dossier temático intitulado Censura ao cinema nas ditaduras ibéricas. Num primeiro momento é feito um estado da arte geral, no qual são comentadas algumas definições que caracterizam a censura ao cinema e às artes, abarcando outros países para além dos ibéricos, para em seguida ser feita a revisão da literatura especificamente para o tema do dossier. É apresentada e comentada a estrutura cronológica e temática dos artigos, mostrando como a investigação sobre a censura às imagens em movimento (cinema e notícias filmadas) em Portugal e Espanha, durante as ditaduras, revela que existem mais aspectos em comum do que divergências, permanecendo até ao fim de ambos os regimes o objectivo de controlar o que era visto e ouvido pelo público da época.
Censurar para evitar el peligro: las censuras cinematográficas durante el franquismo, 1939-1959
Authors: Gascón Fátima Gil
Published: December 2021

El cine no solo fue uno de los entretenimientos más populares durante el franquismo. También fue uno de los más importantes medios de adoctrinamiento moral del régimen gracias, principalmente, a una censura que definía lo que podían, o no, ver los españoles. Este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar, a través de esta censura, cuáles fueron los límites de lo aceptado y aceptable para la sociedad franquista y observar su posible evolución y relación con los cambios sociales acaecidos durante la dictadura. Para ello, se estudiará el papel de los distintos métodos coercitivos existentes. El ejercido por los organismos oficiales y el generado por el sector eclesiástico más reaccionario. Atender a lo que se prohíbe, lo que se consiente y lo que se potencia permitirá definir las fronteras de lo permisible y ahondar en la visión de la sociedad española sobre cuestiones como la moral o la libertad. Este artículo forma parte del dossier temático La censura en el cine en las dictaduras ibéricas, organizado por Ana Bela Morais.
A escolarização em Portugal no princípio dos anos 40: uma análise quantitativa
Authors: Gomes Pedro , Machado Matilde
Published: December 2021

Em 1940, o governo português aprovou um plano nacional de construção de escolas primárias denominado “Plano dos Centenários” que projectava um aumento de 60% do número de estabelecimentos de ensino primário. Através de uma análise estatística e após uma exaustiva recolha de dados, identificam-se vários factos relativos à escolarização em Portugal a nível geográfico, de género, e de tipo de escola à data do início do Plano dos Centenários e descreve-se a distribuição das novas escolas primárias por distritos, concelhos e freguesias prevista no plano. Em 1940, a distribuição de escolas e o aproveitamento dos recursos escolares era muito desigual a nível geográfico, e existiam grandes diferenças entre os géneros. O plano delineava uma maior expansão em termos relativos nas áreas mais desfavorecidas do Sul e interior do país. Finalmente, utiliza-se o caso do distrito de Évora para demostrar o atraso na execução do plano.
Il viaggio a Loreto: turismo religioso e turismo culturale
Authors: Santuccio Salvatore
Published: December 2021

La Basilica di Loreto è un polo di attrazione per pellegrinaggi e viaggi di devozione sin dalla sua nascita. Questo polo religioso è divenuto anche, nel corso della sua storia, un monumento di arte e architettura del Rinascimento Italiano: qui hanno lavorato architetti come, Giuliano da Maiano, Giuliano da Sangallo, Francesco di Giorgio Martini, Donato Bramante, Antonio da Sangallo il giovane e Vanvitelli, pittori come Melozzo da Forlì, Luca Signorelli e Pomarancio, scultori come Andrea Sansovino. Nella sua storia, quindi, la Basilica ha attratto pellegrini e devoti per il valore simbolico dei resti della Santa casa di Maria in essa contenuta, ma anche visitatori interessanti al suo grande patrimonio artistico e architettonico. Pian piano il pellegrinaggio a Loreto è diventato una tappa importante nell’itinerario di viaggio in Italia, raggiungibile da Roma verso Venezia e viceversa, e così la cosiddetta via Lauretana ha acquistato grande fascino da parte dei viaggiatori, poiché toccava luoghi di grande interesse storico some Spoleto o Macerata, ma anche di forte impatto paesaggistico, come i rilievi montani dell’Appennino umbro marchigiano e i monti Sibillini.In questo saggio si racconta dei viaggi disegnati e narrati in forma scritta dal 1600 in poi, lungo l’itinerario Lauretano di intellettuali e uomini di cultura come Velasquez, Maximilien Misson; Madame Pompadour con l’abate Jean-Bernard le Blanc e l’architetto Germain Soufflot, e con il grande disegnatore Charles-Nicholas Cochin; i due raffinati pittori anglosassoni J. Forrester e P. Stephens ed infine il grande Joseph Mallord William Turner.
Routes patrimoniales et narrations plurielles : le Chemin de l’Inca (Qhapaq Ñan, Camino principal andino / Andean road system) le cas particulier d’une route patrimoniale non touristique ?
Authors: Salin Elodie
Published: December 2021

Cet article propose d’interroger la fabrique patrimoniale des routes transnationales culturelles à l’aune des narrations patrimoniales mises en place à différentes échelles par les acteurs de la patrimonialisation. L’article s’accompagne d’une réflexion heuristique de la notion de patrimonialisation et sur la quête du label UNESCO à travers les catégories des paysages culturel et des routes patrimoniales. L’étude du Qhapaq Ñan (Camino principal andino / Andean road system), route de plus de 4000 kms du Nord (Colombie) au Sud (Argentine et Chili) regroupant six pays andins, inscrit sur la liste du patrimoine mondial de l’UNESCO en 2014 permettra une lecture géopolitique d’un projet culturel transnational ambitieux. La question du partage des valeurs de la route patrimoniale sera interrogée à travers les narrations plurielles, glorifiant une mémoire partagée qui ne fait pas encore consensus. La mise en tourisme (écotourisme) du Qhapaq Ñan se révèle être à la fois attendue, rejetée et conflictuelle à l’image des narrations plurielles qui ponctuent le Chemin de l’Inca et des difficiles appropriations de cette route patrimoniale morcelée.
Itinerarios culturales: el Camino Inca (Qhapaq Ñan, Camino principal Andino / Sistema vial Andino) ¿el caso especial de una ruta patrimonial no turística?
Authors: Salin Elodie
Published: December 2021

Este artículo pretende investigar el tejido patrimonial de las rutas culturales transnacionales a la luz de los relatos patrimoniales establecidos a diferentes escalas por los actores de la cultura. El artículo va acompañado de una reflexión heurística sobre la noción de “patrimonialización” y sobre la obtención de la marca de calidad UNESCO a través de las categorías de paisajes culturales y rutas patrimoniales. El estudio del Qhapaq Ñan (Camino principal Andino / sistema vial andino), una carretera de más de 4000 km de norte (Colombia) a sur (Argentina y Chile) que reúne a seis países andinos, inscritos en la Lista del Patrimonio Mundial de la UNESCO en 2014 permitirá una lectura geopolítica de un ambicioso proyecto cultural transnacional. La cuestión de la puesta en común de los valores de la ruta patrimonial se analizará a través de múltiples relatos, alabando una memoria compartida que aún no es forma parte de un consenso. La introducción del turismo (ecoturismo) del Qhapaq Ñan está a la espera, es rechazada y resulta conflictiva, a la vez, la imagen de los diferentes relatos que jalonan el Camino Inca y las complicadas “apropiaciones” por esos relatos de esta fragmentada ruta patrimonial.
The baptistery of St Lydia in northern Greece
Authors: Seraïdari Katerina
Published: December 2021

Constructed in 1974, the baptistery of St Lydia commemorates a founding event in Christian history: Lydia’s baptism by Paul in 49 or 50 AD in the river at Philippi. This article examines how this iconic baptism (considered to be the first on the European continent) was initially commemorated in the nineteenth century by Georgios Lampakis, a Greek scholar, who transformed water from Philippi into an artefact which was exhibited in an Athens museum. The construction of a church meant that something which could hitherto be moved between locations was monumentalized and embedded spatially; as a result of the international mobility generated by this baptistery, the area itself has been reclassified. This case study therefore provides a clearer understanding of interactions between the four principal parameters of religious tourism: the religious site, people, objects, and events.
O Baptistério de Lídia no Norte da Grécia
Authors: Seraïdari Katerina
Published: December 2021

Construído em 1974, o Baptistério de Lídia comemora um acontecimento fundador na história do Cristianismo: foi aqui, no rio Filipos, que se diz que Paulo baptizou Lídia, entre 49 e 50 EC. O artigo examina como este icônico batismo (supostamente o primeiro no continente europeu) foi comemorado pela primeira vez no século XIX pelo estudioso grego Lampakis, que transformou a água do rio Filipos em uma exposição museológica em Atenas. Com a construção de uma igreja, o que antes era relocalizável é monumentalizado e ancorado no chão; graças à mobilidade internacional que este batistério gera, até mesmo o território é requalificado. Este caso permite-nos assim compreender melhor as interações entre os quatro principais parâmetros do turismo religioso: o local religioso, as pessoas, os objetos e os eventos.
Tourisme, patrimoine et islam : Fès, pôle touristique et pôle tijane
Authors: Anne Ouallet
Published: December 2021

Dans un contexte de revivification des réseaux de la Tijaniyya, confrérie musulmane très vivace dans toute l’Afrique saharo-sahélienne, le tourisme religieux lié aux mouvements pèlerins vers Fès, « pôle » de la confrérie, imprime des marquages particuliers dans l’espace fassi et fortifie parallèlement d’autres topographies sacrées. L’essor du tourisme religieux est remarquable sur les hauts-lieux de la Tijaniyya de l’Afrique subsaharienne au Maghreb. Ce tourisme s’inscrit dans le cadre des pratiques vivantes de l’islam. Il croise aussi d’autres pratiques touristiques, profanes celles-là, dont l’essor a directement suivi la distinction de Fès au label UNESCO du Patrimoine mondial de l’Humanité. Touristes religieux et touristes profanes cheminent en quête du sacré ou en quête du patrimoine institutionnel sur des itinéraires balisés, mais ils ne se rencontrent guère. En effet, à Fès, la gestion touristique des lieux saints se fait sur la base d’une ségrégation par l’interdiction d’entrée dans les mosquées aux touristes profanes qui sont d’ailleurs les seuls à être désignés comme « touristes ».
Tourism, heritage and Islam: Fes, a tourism centre and a Tijani centre
Authors: Ouallet Anne
Published: December 2021

Against the backdrop of the revival of networks of the Tijaniyya, a Muslim brotherhood flourishing right across Saharo-Sahelian Africa, religious tourism associated with pilgrim travel to Fes, the brotherhood’s “pole” (centre), sets down particular markers in the Fassi space and simultaneously reinforces other sacred topographies. The rise in religious tourism is particularly noteworthy in major Tijaniyya centres from sub-Saharan Africa to the Maghreb. This tourism is part of the living practice of Islam. It intersects with secular tourist practices directly boosted by the award of UNESCO World Heritage Site status to Fes. Religious tourists and secular tourists seek sacred or institutional heritage on designated routes, but their paths rarely cross. In Fes, tourism management of holy sites is based on segregation as secular tourists, the only group actually referred to as “tourists”, are banned from entering mosques.
Turismo, patrimonio e islam: Fez, polo turístico y polo tijaní
Authors: Ouallet Anne
Published: December 2021

En un contexto de revitalización de las redes de la Tijaniyya, hermandad musulmana que pervive en toda la región saharo-saheliana, el turismo religioso vinculado a los desplazamientos de peregrinos hacia Fez, “polo” de la hermandad, imprime marcas particulares en el espacio fassi y fortalece al mismo tiempo otras topografías sagradas. El auge del turismo religioso resulta destacable en las capitales de la Tijaniyya del África subsahariana en el Magreb. Este turismo se inscribe en el marco de las prácticas vigentes del islam. También se cruza con otras prácticas turísticas, profanas, cuyo auge ha sido consecuencia directa de la distinción de Fez como Patrimonio mundial de la Humanidad por la UNESCO. Turistas religiosos y turistas profanos van en busca de lo sagrado o en busca del patrimonio institucional a través de itinerarios señalizados, pero casi nunca se encuentran. De hecho, en Fez, la gestión turística de los lugares santos se lleva a cabo basándose en una segregación que prohíbe la entrada a los turistas profanos. Estos, además, son los únicos considerados como “turistas”.
Tourisme religieux : pour en finir avec l’oxymore ?
Authors: Chevrier Marie-Hélène
Published: December 2021

L’expression « tourisme religieux » est employée majoritairement dans les recherches anglo-saxonnes mais ne fait pas consensus au sein des études touristiques francophones. Une certaine indétermination subsiste quant à sa conception, sa définition et son usage dans le champ scientifique. Dans une démarche épistémologique, sans prétendre trancher le nœud gordien de l’articulation entre tourisme et fait religieux, cet article vise à éclairer et discuter le concept de tourisme religieux et les concepts adjacents, afin de tenter d’aider à lever le malentendu qui persiste autour des pratiques articulant tourisme et religieux. Il revient sur la distinction de moins en moins effective entre tourisme et pèlerinage et propose d’examiner et d’approfondir l’idée d’un continuum de pratiques, représentations et valeurs pour appréhender plus finement les évolutions contemporaines de la dialectique tourisme/fait religieux.
Religiöser Tourismus: Ein Ende für das Oxymoron?
Authors: Chevrier Marie-Hélène
Published: December 2021

Der Ausdruck „religiöser Tourismus“ wird vor allem in der angelsächsischen Forschung verwendet. In der französischsprachigen Tourismusforschung hingegen gibt es keine Einigkeit hinsichtlich der Konzeption, Definition und Verwendung des Begriffs. Mit seinem epistemologischen Ansatz zielt dieser Beitrag darauf ab, das Konzept des religiösen Tourismus sowie benachbarte Konzepte zu beleuchten und zu diskutieren. Dabei wird nicht der Anspruch erhoben, die Verbindungen von Tourismus und Religion gänzlich zu ergründen. Dennoch soll diese Auseinandersetzung dazu beitragen, jene Missverständnisse zu beseitigen, die im Zusammenhang mit touristischen und religiösen Praktiken auftreten. Schließlich geht der Artikel auf die immer weniger zutreffende Unterscheidung von Tourismus und Religion ein und schlägt vor, religiösen Tourismus als ein Kontinuum von Praktiken, Vorstellungen und Werten zu begreifen und zu untersuchen, um die zeitgenössischen Entwicklungen der dialektischen Beziehung von Tourismus und Religion besser zu verstehen.
Tourisme religieux en Amazonie brésilienne
Authors: S. B. Teixeira Maria Adriana , Barbosa Santos Lúcia Cláudia , Ramos Iwata Maria Jacqueline , Peixoto de Oliveira Anny Gabrielly
Published: December 2021

Cette étude porte sur les principaux aspects religieux de trois événements majeurs propagateurs du tourisme religieux dans l'État d'Amazonas. Le tourisme religieux est motivé par les particularités religieuses de chaque touriste, qui recherche des lieux considérés comme sacrés et reconnus par des actes de foi, ainsi que par les grâces obtenues. L'objectif général de l'étude est d'analyser les principales caractéristiques du tourisme religieux à Nossa Senhora do Carmo (Parintins), la fête de Santo Antônio de Borba (Borba) et celle de Nossa Rainha do Rosário (Itapiranga). Les résultats ont montré que les principales caractéristiques des événements étudiés sont de maintenir les traditions religieuses transmises de génération en génération, de renforcer la dévotion au saint patron local et de promouvoir les diverses relations entre les personnes qui participent à ces fêtes. On espère que les résultats de cette étude contribueront à l'introduction de nouvelles recherches liées à ce thème et ainsi à sauver les importantes valeurs culturelles et spirituelles de ces lieux.
Cultural Routes and religious heritage: The multiple dynamics of a crossed category in a tourism context
Authors: Brianso Isabelle
Published: December 2021

Since 1987, geographical traces (route, trail, via/way) of the Middle Ages have been transformed into Cultural Routes certified by the Council of Europe. These routes were once frequented by European travellers and pilgrims, but now attract a variety of walkers with diverse profiles (local inhabitants, pilgrim-walkers, tourist-ramblers) forming multiple communities with social, religious and heritage values. These communities of stakeholders operate in a tourism context via network-based dynamics, using participatory, socio-technical and digital tools to build their cultural, visual and European identity. They therefore play a central role in the recognition of this cultural object as a recent heritage category at the disciplinary crossroads of cultural geography, landscape and communication processes. This article examines a corpus of certified Cultural Routes with religious values using a qualitative methodology to classify them (typological approach) and analyse them (systemic approach).
Percorsi culturali e patrimonio religioso: Multi-dinamica di una categoria trasversale in un contesto turistico
Authors: Brianso Isabelle
Published: December 2021

Dal 1987, le tracce geografiche (strada, sentiero, percorso) del Medioevo sono state trasformate in itinerari culturali certificati dal Consiglio d'Europa. Questi percorsi erano un tempo frequentati da viaggiatori e pellegrini provenienti dall'Europa, ma ora attraggono una varietà di camminatori con profili eterogenei (residente, camminatore-pellegrino, turista-escursionista) formando multi-comunità con valori sociali, religiosi e legati al patrimonio. Queste comunità di attori operano in un contesto turistico attraverso dinamiche di rete grazie a strumenti partecipativi, socio-tecnologici e digitali con lo scopo di costruire la loro identità culturale, visiva ed europea. Giocano quindi un ruolo centrale nel riconoscimento di questo oggetto culturale come categoria di patrimonio recente che si pone all'incrocio disciplinare tra geografia culturale, del paesaggio e dei processi comunicativi. Questo articolo studia un corpus di percorsi culturali certificati con valori religiosi secondo una metodologia qualitativa che li classifica (approccio tipologico) e poi li analizza (approccio sistemico).
Lourdes, haut-lieu du tourisme religieux, entre crise et transition ?
Authors: Jarraud Nathalie , Clarimont Sylvie
Published: December 2021

L’obsolescence de certains lieux touristiques a été modélisée par les géographes R.W. Butler et M. Chadefaud par transposition du concept de cycle de vie d’un produit. Cette approche de la trajectoire des destinations a été appliquée à Lourdes, haut-lieu du tourisme religieux. La crise de la COVID‑19, en ébranlant le système lourdais, pourrait accélérer le changement de la destination et favoriser la transition. Inscrit dans une perspective à la fois diachronique et synchronique, cet article remet en perspective la crise actuelle. Même si le Sanctuaire propose certaines innovations, elles s’inscrivent plus dans une logique « d’adaptation-résilience » que dans une logique de transformation. Ces innovations ne font pas l’unanimité chez les professionnels du tourisme lourdais qui envisagent difficilement un repositionnement de la destination. Pour l’instant, la crise semble avoir plutôt exacerbé les tensions parmi les acteurs que suscité une fédération des énergies autour d’un projet commun de transition vers un tourisme plus durable.
Quand le pèlerin chrétien est-il devenu touriste ?
Authors: Michel Bonneau
Published: December 2021

Les écrits sur les pèlerinages médiévaux sont nombreux et anciens, surtout ceux qui se rapportent à la Terre Sainte, donnant lieu à des analyses variées L’auteur aborde un thème rarement analysé, celui du comportement pèlerin vis-à-vis du monde profane, à travers les récits des pèlerins. Les récits dont on dispose à partir du IVe siècle montrent que le pèlerin n’accordait aucune place au monde profane qui l’entourait, entièrement tourné qu’il était vers le lieu sacré à atteindre. Les comportements vont progressivement évoluer à partir du XIIIe siècle et au XIVe siècle, les pèlerins s’intéressant de plus en plus au monde réel qui les entoure. L’évolution sera presque achevée au XVe siècle au point que, lors de leurs déplacements vers la Terre Sainte, les pèlerins auront à cœur de visiter des sites naturels, de beaux paysages, des monuments et des ruines, les marchés ou des hauts lieux emblématiques reconnus comme merveilles, comme les Pyramides. La recherche de ces « singularités » devient même l’élément moteur du déplacement qui n’est plus fait uniquement pour le seul souci du pèlerinage et de leur salut. Le tourisme avait pris naissance.
Emotional Labor in the Tourism Industry
Authors: Gera Rajat , Arora Shilpa , Malik Sahil
Published: December 2021

The chapter reviews the key concepts, definitions, individual and organizational antecedents, and individual and organizational outcomes of emotional labour (EL) in the tourism industry. The application of the concept in research and practice is discussed along with the implications. The theoretical domains of convergence and divergence are identified. key challenges and applications of EL with airlines cabin crew, restaurant service staff, and hotel industry frontline staff are identified and discussed. A systematic review of literature on EL in tourism is undertaken followed by critical appraisal of the implications of EL for HR practices in the tourism and hospitality industry.
Human Resource Management in Indian Microfinance Institutions
Authors: Das Richa
Published: December 2021

Over the years, microfinance has assumed a great importance all over the world. The reason behind the increasing importance of microfinance in poverty alleviation is considered a prime objective in all developing and underdeveloped countries. Traditionally, MFIs did not have a defined HR policy or structure, since the size of the organization was always very small. The last few years have seen an upswing in the size of the organizations and also in the margins generated by MFIs. The purpose of this chapter is to analyze the human resource management issues and challenges faced in microfinance industry in India.
The Role of E-HRM Practices on Digital Era
Authors: Dede Nurten Polat
Published: December 2021

The changes brought about by trends such as globalization, technological developments, and knowledge-based economy, and the speed of these changes are forcing the enterprises to create more innovative ways of doing business and business processes. This rapid change has also affected and altered human resources departments' way of business. In this chapter, the changes in human resources management functions and applications with the effect of technology during this time have been explained. In addition, the electronic human resources management process and its applications, which have been more important as a result of developed human resources technology, are examined and presented in this chapter.
Human Resource Management in Agile Scrum Processes
Authors: Zingoni Matthew
Published: December 2021

The value agile scrum process can generate is not guaranteed simply by mere adoption. Rather the process creates an opportunity for improvement in the development process. Mismanagement of the approach by an organization can reduce the potential added value or in extreme situations have a negative impact. Therefore, appropriate management procedures are necessary to realize the full potential of the agile scrum approach. This chapter focuses on the human resource challenges the agile scrum approach creates for an organization. The dynamic pace, cross-functional composition, and self-directed team approach requires special consideration in the development of most human resource functions. In particular, the authors will review changes to the employee selection, performance management, and learning and career development processes. These changes will better align these functions with the values and principals of the agile scrum approach and help organizations manage this sometimes chaotic approach to innovation without constraining it.
The Role of Awareness in Designing Human Resources Management Practices in Family Firms
Authors: Flamini Giulia , Gnan Luca
Published: December 2021

The chapter aims to develop a theoretical configurational model of HRM practices for family firms based on the construct of awareness. The typology of ideal HRM practices configurations the authors developed grounds on are 1) two organizational factors (awareness of the internal and external environment and organizational awareness) and 2) two dimensions of organizational awareness (the need for explicit and implicit coordination mechanisms). The first dimension refers to the need for mechanisms explicitly adopted by a family firm to manage task or communication interdependencies. The second one relates to those requirements for mechanisms that are available to family firms from shared cognition, which enable them to explain and anticipate task statuses and individuals' collaborative behaviors, thus helping them in managing task interdependencies. The authors combined these results in four configurations of HRM practices (administrative, shared, professional, and integrated configurations) and developed seven propositions.
A Critical Assessment and Enhancement of Metrics for the Management of Scarce Human Resources
Authors: Radant Olaf , Stantchev Vladimir
Published: December 2021

The effect of digitalization and its transformative power in all aspects of corporate strategies and organizations are visible everywhere. As leaders try to make sense of the “digital tornado” and prepare, try out, and set courses in new business directions, the authors propose to take a step back and focus on what is still at the core of corporate change – the people of your organization. In this chapter, the authors reflect on the forces and challenges that employees are facing in times of rapid and digitally driven change. They also mirror this, considering structural, sociological, and demographic change in the workforce, especially with regards to younger employees. They provide a set of fundamental metrics that can quantify the human resource strategy of an organization to derive measures which can be controlled via a DMAIC cycle. This contribution is an extended version of and includes an enhanced set of metrics to address challenges of digitalization and agile work environments. Further, approaches to possible solutions and first steps for an implementation in companies are presented.
Research on Human Resource Allocation Model Based on SOM Neural Network
Authors: Xu Jing , Wang Bo , Min Gihong
Published: December 2021

With the fierce competition of the enterprise market, the human resource allocation of enterprises will face multiple risks. This article takes the connotation of human resource configuration management as the research object and establishes the human resource configuration model through SOM neural network. And the model is trained, learned, and tested. What's more, it is applied to human resources management to adjust the allocation of human resources for the enterprise in a timely manner. It provides a detailed basis for proposing coping strategies and has a great application value.
Instructional Design in Human Resource Development Academic Programs in the USA
Authors: Park Sunyoung , Lim Doo Hun , Kim Minkyoung
Published: December 2021

The purpose of this chapter is to identify the current status of instructional design courses in human resource development (HRD) graduate programs. The authors examined the curricular content of HRD academic programs in the USA and suggested critical considerations to improve instructional design practices in higher education settings. By reviewing information about 124 institutions with graduate HRD programs, they found that 27 of the institutions (21.8%) offer required and/or elective instructional design courses. In addition, the authors conducted an in-depth review of those 27 institutions to identify the affiliations and features of their HRD programs (college, school, department, program names, degrees, and the existence of online programs). To better understand the instructional design practices in higher education settings, they also discuss three instructional approaches for instructional design, consideration for using technology-mediated instructional design, and instructional design models for learning transfer. Finally, the authors present conclusions and recommendations for future research.
High-Performance Work Systems in a Cross-Cultural Context
Authors: Baniski Gislaine Martinelli , Reis Rosana Silveira , Rocha Fernandes Bruno Henrique , Pupo Fabricio Palermo
Published: December 2021

The strategic human resource management field has increased the contributions, comparing cross-cultural aspects, mainly involving the East and West cultures, but there is a gap regarding on knowing how the implementation practices impacts and how they are impacted by cultural differences. Through a qualitative contribution, this research was developed in a multinational company in Sweden with a subsidiary in Brazil. The focus is to answer the questions: How high-performance work systems are applied in different cultural contexts? How do cultural dimensions affect high-performance work systems' adaptation? The findings have shown that strong organizational cultures could overlap country differences, but adaptations could allow innovative exchanges and raise employee commitment and participation. High-performance work systems are practices that could be used in cross-cultural territories, but not without considering cultural and local adaptations. After institutionalized, the local adaptation could be able to enlarge organizational performance.
Application of Statistics in Human Resource Management
Authors: Puri Roma , Sengupta Pooja
Published: December 2021

The chapter gives an outline of the shift in HRM from being intuitive to quantitative in its decision making and overall functioning. The role of HRM is transforming with application of statistical techniques that make HR more evidence based and accountable. The chapter will discuss some successful applications of statistical techniques, basic and, in HRM by renowned organizations worldwide as well as elucidate upon some of the most applied statistical techniques. After reading this chapter learner will appreciate the need for applying Statistics in HRM, have an understanding of the avenues for application of statistical tools and get an outline of the various statistical techniques that are appropriate for different HR functions.
HRM Practices in Human Capital-Intensive Firms
Authors: Loufrani-Fedida Sabrina
Published: December 2021

This chapter focuses on examining the human resource management (HRM) practices that are used in human capital-intensive firms (HCIFs). In the specialized literature on HCIFs, human resources (HR) are recognized as constituting an infinite value potential. Nevertheless, we know little in the literature about “how to manage” these HR in the specific context of HCIFs. First of all, in this chapter, a literature review provides a clarification of the HR's key concepts (human capital, competence, and talent) on the one hand and introduces the relevance to study HRM practices underlying human capital management on the other hand. Then, based on the case study of IBM Corporation, a synthesis of the wide variety of HRM practices is proposed into three processes: identifying, assessing and developing, and finally, motivating and retaining human capital. The IBM case is representative of the HCIFs insofar as the company puts its human capital at the heart of its overall strategy and, in order to do this, provides a sophisticated HRM policy and, in addition, has implemented formalized HRM practices. For IBM, the aim is to improve resource assets of its employees necessary to generate innovation, value, and performance.
The Role of Human Resource Management in Agriculture Sector Enterprises
Authors: Berber Nemanja , Slavić Agneš
Published: December 2021

Agribusiness firms are faced with several challenges like globalization, internationalization of business, the introduction of new technologies, especially the digitalization process, higher competitiveness of foreign agribusiness firms, etc. One of the very important challenges is the effective management of human capital. Although it is one of the most important management activities in each firm, human resource management (HRM) in the agribusiness sector is still unexplored in terms of scientific research and practical implementation. This chapter explores the nature and specifics of human resources management in agribusiness enterprises, and presents the practice of the basic and most important HRM activities in agribusiness firms in Serbia, on the example of 12 organizations that were investigated. The methodology used in the research is based on a theoretical investigation of available literature and data from worldwide databases but also from Cranet project, one of the largest and well-known, world-wide HRM projects.
Examination of Vocational Schools as Sustainable Human Resources in Supply Chain Management
Authors: Olgun Bülent Özgür , Koç Aytekin Güner
Published: December 2021

In today's business world, having talented, educated, and qualified employees who can use technological developments has become an important advantage. Maintaining this superiority can be done with employees who are technically business-oriented. Economic uncertainty in the global markets enables countries to attach importance to vocational education, which will make their youth a part of the current economic process. The aim of this study is to reveal the necessity of vocational education in vocational high schools and vocational schools of higher education in our country to sustainably meet the global workforce needs of supply chain management. In this context, South Korea has been selected on global scale, which is thought to play an important role in the vocational education policies implemented in her development, and the general and vocational education system examined has been compared with the situation in Turkey.
A Real-World Exploration of Green Human Resources and Sustainability Education in Hyper-Connected and Technology-Driven Organizations
Authors: Burrell Darrell Norman , French Roderick , Lindsay Preston Vernard Leicester , Ayodeji-Ogundiran Amina I. , Hobbs Harry L.
Published: December 2021

The early concept of corporate social responsibility (CSR), also frequently described as corporate citizenship or sustainability, grew from the seminal 1987 Brundtland Report, commissioned by the United Nations. CSR has progressed to the standpoint that in organizations necessitates the synchronized fulfillment of the firm's economic, legal, ethical, and philanthropic responsibilities in ways that focus strategy, operations, and behaviors towards the promotion of sustainability from a construct where organizational strategy is concerned with the care of the planet, people, and profit. This paper explores the role of green human resources interventions focused on creating organizational cultures that support sustainability in technical and hyper-connected organizations. The paper is not intended to reconstitute theory. The paper is highly theoretical and practical with the intention of influencing the world practice from practical real-world problem approaches and theories from the literature.
Strategic Human Resources Management
Authors: Salih Ahmad Ali
Published: December 2021

The chapter aims to identify the level of human resources management strategies in the Arab business organizations in Iraq and Jordan as a model in an attempt to bridge the shortage of descriptive and comparative Arabic studies. In order to achieve the goal of this chapter, it is structured to cover the following sections: 1) introduction and intellectual background to subject, 2) literature review, 3) the human and organizational characteristics of the Arab business organizations in Iraq and Jordan, and 4) The reality of human resource management strategies in the Arab organizations in Iraq and Jordan and their future directions.
Human Capital in Business
Authors: Stefanova Marina
Published: December 2021

Employees are rated as the most valuable asset of an organization. Therefore, the care, development, and maintenance of strong staff motivation are essential to achieve the core business goals. In the early 90s human capital had completely different value in the post-socialist countries. Unlike East Germany, in Bulgaria private property and entrepreneurship did not exist during the Soviet period. The education of an entrepreneurship spirit in free people had to start from scratch. The first part of the chapter examines the most important theoretical contributions and basis of the human capital and human capital resource theories. The second part is dedicated to the practical implications of these concepts in a newborn Bulgarian company which has a vision to transform the society it operates in. In addition, the chapter analyzes how these concepts reflect on a broader business audience, thus becoming a role model for multiplication of other companies from the responsible business circle in Bulgaria.
Enhancing Employee Innovative Work Behavior Through Human Resource Management Practices
Authors: Dede Nurten Polat
Published: December 2021

Innovation capacity is one of the essential elements that ensure sustainability of the organizations. Organizations need to be creative and innovative so as to put products and services to market by forecasting customer needs to get competitive advantage in a rapidly changing business environment. Businesses that are more pioneering in innovation will be more successful if they can respond to changing environmental conditions and develop new capabilities that will allow them to deliver better performance. Innovation helps businesses to reduce costs, improve performance, and create new products and services to increase their competitiveness. Scholars contend that the development and implementation of human resource management is critical to benefit such essential employee contributions.
Green Human Resource Management Practices and Organisational Sustainability
Authors: Genty Kabiru Ishola
Published: December 2021

Researchers and practitioners have argued that human resource management practices have a positive impact on environmental outcomes. This is because green human resource management practices enhance a firm's environmental performance. Although studies do not explain how green initiatives can enable organisational sustainability, this chapter examines the influence of green human resource management practices on organisational sustainability in the context of Nigeria. The chapter adopted a discourse content analysis as a method of data collection. The chapter holds that organisational sustainability relies on green training intervention as the means of understanding and redressing the human environment with a view to achieving and sustaining a better quality of life. Conclusively, green human resource management practices target protecting the ecosystem, among others. The chapter recommended that sustainability could be achieved through employee green behaviour and eco-innovation at the industrial level.
Caring for the Caregivers Through Healthy Human Resource Practices
Authors: Kalambi Mihir Dilip
Published: December 2021

India has a colossal shortage of human resources for health. The management of human resources in a healthcare institution is vital to enable the delivery of efficient and effective medical services and to achieve patient satisfaction. Everyone proclaims that the human asset is the most important asset. On the other side, health is declared to be one of the most important wealth. Hospitals and pharmaceutical companies constitute two arms of the “health management/ maintenance” effort of humanity. Human resource professionals face many hurdles in their attempt to deliver high-quality health care to citizens. Some of these constraints include budgets, lack of congruence between different stakeholders' values, absenteeism rates, high rates of turnover, and low morale of health personnel.