bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Compound optimal control of harmonic drive considering hysteresis characteristic
Authors: Lu Quan , Gang Tieqiang , Hao Guangbo , Chen Lijie
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Hysteresis behavior widely exists in the transmission process of harmonic drives. Eliminating the hysteresis effect is highly desired in the high-precision mechanical transmission, which results in challenges in the control design. This paper aims to improve the tracking accuracy of the motor-harmonic drive serial system. Firstly, a modified Bouc-Wen model based on uniform smooth approximating function is applied to describe the hysteresis behavior of the harmonic drive. By using coordinate transformation and accurate state feedback linearization, we then obtain the mathematical model of the serial system of the motor-harmonic drive. Finally, the reference trajectory is tracked by a compound optimal controller that is based on a linear quadratic regulator. Simulation results show that compared with the disturbance observer-based control (DOBC) using a linear observer, the new compound optimal controller in this paper presents a smoother control signal with the elimination of large amount of high-frequency oscillations. Furthermore, the relative error in the steady state tracking tends to approach to zero and no cyclic fluctuations appears. With the employing of optimal control, the output of the harmonic drive can trace more complex trajectory.
Geografia da saúde: ambientes e sujeitos sociais no mundo globalizado
Authors: Aquino Rafael Lemes de , Lopes Anaísa Filmiano Andrade , Silva Suzana Ferreira de Paula , Marra Meirielen Danubia , Xavier Douglas Ataniel Alves
Published: July 2019

Focaliza-se no livro Geografia da Saúde: ambientes e sujeitos sociais no mundo globalizado, de José Aldemir de Oliveira e Geraldo Alves de Souza, publicado em 2016 pela editora da Universidade Federal do Amazonas – EDUA, a temática da geografia médica.
Violência contra a mulher
Authors: Viana Aline Lopes , Lira Margaret Olinda de Souza Carvalho e , Vieira Michelle Christini Araújo , Sarmento Sued Sheila , Souza Anna Paula Lima de
Published: July 2019

RESUMOObjetivo: analisar notificações de violência contra a mulher. Método: estudo quantitativo, descritivo, desenvolvido a partir de dados secundários provenientes do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação. Resultados: das 401 notificações de violência à mulher, 61% foram contra mulheres entre 25 e 59 anos, pardas ou pretas (63%), solteiras (29%), com menos de nove anos de escolaridade (39%) e que dependiam financeiramente de outra pessoa; 46% das agressões ocorreram na residência, sendo 99% por violência física e 69% por força corporal/espancamento, e os autores foram homens. Conclusão: constatou-se a ampliação do número de notificações, contudo, ainda insuficiente para superar as subnotificações de ocorrências de violência contra a mulher, motivo principal da invisibilidade desse fenômeno. Descritores: Violência Contra a Mulher; Violência por Parceiro Íntimo; Violência Sexual; Violência Doméstica; Notificação; Violência.ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze reports of violence against women. Method: quantitative, descriptive study, developed from secondary data from the Information System of Notifiable Diseases. Results: of the 401 reports of violence against women, 61% were against women between 25 and 59 years old, black or white (63%), single (29%), with less than nine years of schooling (39%) and who were financially dependent on another person; 46% of the aggressions occurred in the residence, being 99% for physical violence and 69% for body strength / beating, and the authors were men. Conclusion: there was an increase in the number of notifications, however, still insufficient to overcome the underreporting of occurrences of violence against women, the main reason for the invisibility of this phenomenon. Descritores: Violence Against Women; Intimate Partner Violence; Sexual Violence; Domestic Violence; Notice; Violence. RESUMEN Objetivo: analizar las notificaciones de violencia contra la mujer. Método: estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo, desarrollado a partir de datos secundarios provenientes del Sistema de Información de Agravios de Notificación. Resultados: de las 401 notificaciones de violencia a la mujer, 61% fueron contra mujeres entre 25 y 59 años, pardas o negras (63%), solteras (29%), con menos de nueve años de escolaridad (39%) y que dependían financieramente de otra persona, el 46% de las agresiones ocurrieron en la residencia, y el 99% por violencia física y el 69% por fuerza corporal / paliza, y los autores fueron hombres. Conclusión: se constató la ampliación del número de notificaciones, sin embargo, todavía insuficiente para superar las sub notificaciones de ocurrencias de violencia contra la mujer, motivo principal de la invisibilidad de este fenómeno. Descritores: Violencia Contra la Mujer; Violencia de Pareja; Violencia Sexual; Violencia Doméstica; Notificación, Violencia.
Indicadores de assistência às vias de parto
Authors: Aguiar Juliana de Cássia , Versiani Clara de Cássia , Oliveira Dias Cristiano Leonardo de , Moreira Daniele Cristina , Silva Andrade Débora Cristina da , Xavier Greice Carvalho
Published: July 2019

RESUMOObjetivo: descrever as vias de parto a partir dos indicadores de assistência. Método: estudo quantitativo, epidemiológico descritivo, documental, desenvolvido a partir dos indicadores obstétricos neonatais das parturientes atendidas em uma maternidade. O instrumento de coleta de dados foi por meio de consulta aos dados disponíveis por cópias das planilhas do aplicativo Microsoft Excel® 2010. Os dados foram apresentados em tabelas. Resultados: a taxa de parto normal prevaleceu, enquanto a via cesariana foi acima do preconizado pela Organização Mundial de Saúde. Conclusão: achados não diferem de dados encontrados na literatura e evidenciam a necessidade de transformação do modelo de atenção ao pré-natal e ao parto. Descritores: Epidemiologia; Atenção ao Parto; Maternidade; Enfermagem; Parto Normal; Cesárea.ABSTRACT Objective: to describe the delivery routes from the care indicators. Method: quantitative, epidemiological descriptive and documentary study developed from the neonatal obstetric indicators of the parturient women attended in a maternity hospital. Data collection occurred by consulting data available in spreadsheets of the Microsoft Excel® 2010 application. Data were presented in tables. Results: the normal delivery rate prevailed, while the cesarean section rate was higher than that recommended by the World Health Organization. Conclusion: findings do not differ from data found in the literature and show the need to transform the prenatal and delivery care model. Descriptors: Epidemiology; Childbirth Care; Maternity; Nursing; Natural Childbirth; Cesarean Section. RESUMEN Objetivo: describir las vías de parto a partir de los indicadores de asistencia. Método: estudio cuantitativo, epidemiológico descriptivo, documental, desarrollado a partir de los indicadores obstétricos neonatales de las parturientes atendidas en una maternidad. El instrumento de recolección de datos fue por medio de consulta a los datos disponibles por copias de las planillas del aplicativo Microsoft Excel® 2010. Los datos fueron presentados en tablas. Resultados: la tasa de parto normal prevaleció, mientras la vía de cesárea fue más de lo recomendado por la Organización Mundial de Salud. Conclusión: hallados no difieren de datos encontrados en la literatura y evidencian la necesidad de transformación del modelo de atención al prenatal y al parto. Descriptores: Epidemiología; Atención al Parto; Maternidades; Enfermería; Parto Normal; Cesárea.
Cost-minimization of allogeneic transplantation of stem cells by the implementation of a systematization of nursing assistance
Authors: Marques Lucilia Feliciano , Schutz Vivian , Barbosa Solange Dos Santos Moragas , Lyra da Silva Roberto Carlos
Published: July 2019

RESUMOObjetivo: analisar o custo-minimização do TCTH Alogênico antes e após a implementação da SAE. Método: estudo quantitativo, avaliativo e retrospectivo, utilizando o modelo da árvore de decisão para análise do custo-minimização, sendo utilizadas variáveis relacionadas às complicações infecciosas em transplante e os seus respectivos custos. Resultados: comprovou-se um custo mais elevado no ano de 2006 quando a Sistematização da Assistência de Enfermagem (SAE) não havia sido implantada se comparado ao ano de 2012. Conclusão: a análise de custo-minimização mostrou um custo menor para o TCTH alogênico aparentado em 2012 (R$ 431.482,71), se comparado aos realizados em 2006 (R$574.688,22) sugerindo que a SAE tenha colaborado na redução dos custos do procedimento, com custo incremental de R$143.205,51 para 2006. Descritores: Transplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoiéticas; Custos e Análise de Custo; Diagnóstico de Enfermagem; Enfermagem; Cuidados de Enfermagem; Saúde. ABSTRACT Objective: to analyse the cost-minimization of the Allogeneic HSCT before and after the implementation of the SAE. Method: quantitative, evaluative and retrospective study, utilizing the tree of decision model to analyse the cost-minimization, being utilized variables related to the infectious during transplant and its respective costs. Results: it proved to be a higher cost in the year of 2006 - when the Systematization of Nursing Assistance (SAE) had not been established yet - if compared to the year of 2012. Conclusion: the analysis of cost-minimization appeared to be a lower cost for the allogeneic HSCT presented in 2012 (R$ 431.482,71), if compared to the ones accomplished in 2006 (R$574.688,22) suggesting that the SAE had cooperated on the cost reduction of the procedure, with an increasing cost of R$143.205,51 for the year of 2006. Descriptors: Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation; Costs and Cost Analysis; Nursing Diagnosis; Nursing; Nursing Care; Health.RESUMENObjetivo: analizar el costo-minimización del TCTH Alogénico antes y tras la implementación de la SAE. Método: estudio cuantitativo, evaluativo y retrospectivo, empleando el modelo del árbol de decisión para análisis del costo-minimización, habiéndose utilizado variables relacionadas con las complicaciones infecciosas en trasplantes y sus respectivos costos. Resultados: se comprobó un costo más elevado en 2006 cuando la Sistematización de la Asistencia de Enfermería (SAE) no había sido implantada, en relación a 2012. Conclusión: el análisis del costo-minimización demostró un costo menor para el TCTH alogénico aparentado en 2012 (R$ 431.482,71) en comparación a la reducción de costos del procedimiento, con costo incremental de R$143.205,51 para 2006. Descritores: Trasplante de progenitores hematopoyéticos. Costos y Análisis de Costo. Diagnóstico de Enfermería; Enfermería; Atención de Enfermería; Salud.
Violência contra a pessoa idosa
Authors: Lopes Laryssa Grazielle Feitosa , Leal Marcia Carrera Campos , Souza Edilson Fernandes de , Silva Sarah Zayanne Rafael da , Guimarães Nadja Nayara Albuquerque , Silva Liniker Scolfild Rodrigues da
Published: July 2019

RESUMO Objetivo: avaliar a ocorrência da violência sofrida pela pessoa idosa. Método: trata-se de estudo quantitativo, epidemiológico, de corte transversal, descritivo. A população do estudo consistiu na totalidade dos dados obtidos/notificados de casos suspeitos ou confirmados, a partir do Sistema de Informação de Agravos Notificáveis (SINAN), por meio do consolidado das fichas de notificação dos indivíduos com idade de 60 anos ou mais, que sofreram violência no período de 2009 a 2015. Resultados: os casos de violência, em sua totalidade (231), no que se refere ao local da ocorrência, foram prevalentes: a residência (80,5%), com vítimas de lesões não autoprovocadas (83,1%) e a violência física predominou (93,5%). O meio de agressão mais comum foi o espancamento (44,1%) com dois ou mais envolvidos (68,8%). O agressor, em sua maioria, era o filho (47,6%); o sexo ignorado/em branco prevaleceu (79,7%) seguido do masculino (17,3%) e, como evolução, a maioria (89,6%) dos internos recebeu alta. Conclusão: por ser um estudo inédito na cidade de Caruaru, os dados apresentados poderão servir de base para a realização de intervenções necessárias em nível de promoção e prevenção da saúde desse segmento populacional que está em crescimento e necessita de ações que lhe garantam mais qualidade de vida. Descritores: Idoso; Notificação Compulsória; Violência; Sistema de Informação em Saúde; Saúde Pública; Saúde do Idoso.ABSTRACTObjective: to evaluate the occurrence of violence suffered by the elderly person. Method: a quantitative, epidemiological, cross-sectional, descriptive study. The study population consisted in the totality of the data obtained/reported of cases suspected or confirmed, from the Information System for Notifiable Diseases (SINAN), by means of the confirmed in the forms of notification of individuals aged 60 or older, who suffered violence in the period from 2009 to 2015. Results: the cases of violence, in its entirety (231), which refers to the location of occurrence, there were prevalent: the residence (80.5%), with victims of not self-inflicted injuries (83.1%) and physical violence predominated (93.5%). The most common means of aggression was the beating (44.1%) with two or more involved (68.8%). The aggressor, in his majority, was the son (47.6%); the gender ignored/in blank prevailed (79.7%) followed by the male (17.3%), and as evolution, the majority (89.6%) of the patients was discharged. Conclusion: to be an unpublished study in the city of Caruaru, the data presented may serve as a basis for the implementation of interventions required in the level of health promotion and prevention of this segment of the population that is growing and requires actions that will ensure a better quality of life. Descriptors: Aged; Mandatory Reporting; Violence; Health Information Systems; Public Health; Health of the Elderly.
Apocalypses and the Sage. Different Endings of the World in SenecaApocalypses and the Sage. Different Endings of the World in Seneca
Authors: Romana Berno Francesca
Published: July 2019

This paper deals with apocalypse, intended as a revelation or prediction related to the end of the world, in Seneca’s prose work. The descriptions and readings of this event appear to be quite different from each other. My analysis will follow two main directions. Firstly, I will show the human side of the question, focussing on the condition of the sage facing the universal ruin in the context of the macroscopic narrative structure of most passages, and on the differences between the Epicurean and the Stoic view on this point. Secondly, I will turn to the descriptions of the end of the world which we can find in the Naturales Quaestiones. I will argue that Seneca’s choice of flood or conflagration as representations for the apocalypse are not haphazard, but may be motivated by a subtle political narrative, and thus linked to the Stoic struggle for taking part in the governing of the state. In particular, the end of book three represents a flood which probably alludes to Tiber’s floods.
Effect of somatic cell counts occurred in milk on quality of Slovak traditional cheese - Parenica
Authors: Ducková Viera , Čanigová Margita , Zajác Peter , Remeňová Zuzana , Kročko Miroslav , Nagyová Ľudmila
Published: July 2019

The aim of this work was to compare somatic cell count in milk used for making steamed cheese Parenica in Slovak industrial dairies and small farm dairies and to find out whether somatic cell counts in milk affect the dry matter content of Parenica cheese. The samples of raw milk were taken from 3 industrial dairies (A, B, C) and from 3 farm dairies (E, F, G), produced traditional Slovak cheese Parenica in period from January untill December 2018. The somatic cell count in milk was determined by FossomaticTM 5000 (Foss, Denmark) and dry matter of cheese by oven drying method to constant weight. There were no statistically significant differences (p >0.05) for somatic cell counts in milk processed in industrial and farm dairies. Lower somatic cell counts were determined in milk amples from industrial dairies (mean value 326.55 thousand in 1 mL) in comparison to milk samples from farm dairies (mean value 507.67 thousand in 1 mL). Statistically lower dry matter content (p <0.01) in the samples of Parenica cheese was found out in farm dairy E in comparison to other dairies. The relationship between somatic cell count in milk and dry matter in cheese was confirmed by the relatively low correlation coefficients in dairies, A = 0.22; C = 0.15 and F = -0.12 and higher correlation coefficients in dairies, B = -0.32; D = 0.45 and E = -0.48. Obtaining a more accurate effect of somatic cell count on cheese quality requires the continuation of the research on a larger number of samples and consideration of other factors.
The concentrations of phthalic acid esters in a water bath at sous-vide heat treatment
Authors: Jandlová Marcela , Jarošová Alžbeta , Kamení­k Jozef , Kumbár Vojtech , Nedomová Šárka
Published: July 2019

Esters of phthalic acid are common contaminants of the environment because of their large application in plastics. Phthalic acid esters are used as plasticizers in plastics, and they are also used in plastic intended for contact with food. In our research, we investigated the influence of heating on the migration of phthalic acid esters into the water used as a water bath. The water bath was used to heat the vacuum-wrapped meat, this heating is called the sous-vide method. The plastic thermostable bags containing phthalates were used on the meat packaging. Two esters of phthalic acid dibutyl phthalate (DBP) and di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) have been determined. Three packaged meat samples were heated in a water bath for one hour either at 50 °C or at 60 °C. The water was analyzed always before the heating and after the heating. Average DEHP concentrations in the water dropped after heating at 50 °C in two cases and average DBP concentrations rose in one case and declined in one case. Average DBP concentrations in water declined after heating at 60 °C, while average DEHP concentrations after heating at 60 °C in water increased. The concentrations of phthalic acid esters in the water ranged from 15.2311 μg.L-1 to 34.5645 μg.L-1 for DEHP and from 0.0433 μg.L-1 to 2.6529 μg.L-1 for DBP. The heating of vacuum-packed food in plastic phthalate bags in a water bath does not pose a great risk of contamination of water with phthalic acid esters.
Análisis de la cosificación de la mujer desde una perspectiva de género
Authors: López Claudia Isbela
Published: July 2019

Cada año durante las celebraciones de las fiestas patrias, los medios de comunicación enfocan sus lentes hacia las presentaciones artísticas realizadas por las diferentes instituciones educativas, en las cuales sobresalen los grupos de palillonas con sus trajes coloridos y sus movimientos al ritmo de las “bandas de guerra.” Pero más allá de exaltar sus habilidades artísticas, los medios se centran en los atributos físicos de ellas, violentando claramente sus derechos al convertirlas en objetos sexuales; por lo que lejos de ser un tributo a la patria, estos desfiles evidencian la cosificación de la mujer, que es vista y tratada como un objeto. Desde la perspectiva de género, debemos considerar que esta situación está íntimamente relacionada con la influencia de los roles tradicionales atribuidos a las mujeres en nuestra sociedad, en los cuales lo más importante es la apariencia física, enmarcada en estereotipos que no considera un proceso de formación integral y de inclusión social. De igual forma, observamos cómo a lo largo del territorio nacional se realizan elecciones de reinas infantiles, en las cuales las niñas son vestidas con atuendos que no son acordes a su edad, lo que vulnera sus derechos pues son expuestas a estereotipos.
Transdisciplinariedad pedagógica de los imaginarios sonoros. El coro polifónico de san pedro sula como laboratorio de expresión vocal
Authors: Rodríguez Oswaldo
Published: July 2019

A partir del estatus epistemológico de la educación bajo el paradigma de las llamadas ciencias sociales, el enfoque socio-crítico impulsa la necesidad de transformación de la realidad que se observa desde el lugar de enunciación del sujeto participante. Los propósitos investigativos han conducido al replanteamiento y transformación de la realidad educativa en la música, específicamente en lo vocal sonoro en pos de un constructo epistemológico en torno a la didáctica desde la transdisciplinariedad y la fenomenología. La relación de enseñanza-aprendizaje para el canto en colectivo se traza desde la idea del laboratorio como espacio reflexivo y crítico generador de un aprendizaje por medio de la recursividad constante entre práctica y teoría. El laboratorio de expresión vocal representa una propuesta alternativa ante la tradicional visión de la enseñanza del canto en el ámbito académico y en espacios formales de la educación musical. El núcleo fundamental de esta didáctica se centra en propiciar la experiencia vocal sonora de los sujetos participantes, entendiendo esta como el acercamiento, reconocimiento y aceptación de la sonoridad vocal que nos es propia tanto como instrumento como instrumentista.
Diseño de una formulación de jarabe de acetaminofeno para uso pediátrico
Authors: Nuñez Guevara Clara Celenia , Pérez Sanchez Irela , Zelaya María Victoria
Published: July 2019

En el presente trabajo se desarrolló una formulación de jarabe de acetaminofeno, con una dosis de 160 mg / 5 ml, dirigida a formar parte del cuadro básico de medicamentos del Hospital Escuela Universitario de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras. Realizándose un diseño estadístico experimental de mezcla D-optimal para determinar la combinación de cosolventes que permite solubilizar la dosis de acetaminofeno. Las variables independientes fueron el contenido de: agua, etanol, glicerina, sorbitol 70% y propilenglicol; mientras las respuestas fueron pH y contenido de fármaco disuelto. Todas las variables influyeron en la disolución del ingrediente farmacéuticamente activo (IFA); con una mayor incidencia del etanol y el propilenglicol. Las mezclas óptimas lograron disolver inicialmente la dosis del IFA, pero luego de quince días ocurrió la recristalización del fármaco. Dada esta situación, se incorporó 7% de polivinilpirrolidona (K-30), ello garantizó la solubilidad del acetaminofeno, logrando una apariencia adecuada. Posteriormente se realizaron pruebas sensoriales evaluadas por jueces 60 no entrenados que permitieron seleccionar al sabor fresa (0,2%) y el color rojo FD&C 40 (0,4%) como los correctores de sabor y color, respectivamente. Además se realizó la validación del método analítico por Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Resolución establecido en la USP 35. El método resultó ser lineal, preciso y selectivo para el análisis del acetaminofeno en la formulación propuesta, pero no cumplió con el parámetro de exactitud. Finalmente se efectuó el control de calidad químico y tecnológico de las preparaciones elaboradas, a los 0 y 90 días y el análisis microbiológico preliminar cumpliendo con las especificaciones establecidas.
Microzonificación sísmica en las aldeas: Jacaleapa, El Tablón y La Cañada, Tegucigalpa D.C., Honduras (2017-2018)
Authors: Pineda Gerardo , Cáceres José David
Published: July 2019

Esta investigación muestra datos fundamentales para el diseño de estructuras ya que se obtuvieron puntos de frecuencia, amplitudes relativas, alturas definidas del basamento rocoso, tipo de suelos y rocas, velocidades de ondas que caracterizan los estratos, así como una cartografía temática por medio de mapas, que servirán como instrumento para realizar una buena planificación urbana y obtener el fin de ordenar el territorio. El objetivo de esta investigación es el de establecer una microzonificación sísmica, que consiste en identificar y caracterizar unidades litológicas, generalmente suelos cuya respuesta dinámica frente a terremotos son semejantes. Además de estas unidades se incluyen los efectos inducidos (fallas, licuefacción, etc.) y se valora su peligrosidad. Los mapas resultantes, o mapas de microzonación, se presentan en una base cartográfica útil para fines de edificación y planificación urbana. Para obtener Los ensayos o estudios realizados en esta investigación se recabo información nacional y se realizaron diferentes mapas temáticos con el propósito de conseguir una geología a detalle del tipo de suelo y roca que conforma el sitio, pruebas de Refracción Sísmica, Resistividad Eléctrica, y Períodos del suelo con el acelerógrafo, así como la topografía que ayudo a generar el Modelo Digital de Elevaciones (MDE), mismo que ayudo a identificar zonas de deslizamiento en la zona de estudio. Son dos microzonas que se establecieron en este estudio en base al período fundamental del suelo, la zona I que va desde 1.25 a 1.79 segundos y la zona II que va desde 0.43 a 0.80 segundos, para la zona I las edificaciones en riesgo son las que poseen una altura promedio correspondiente arriba de los diez pisos. En la zona dos las edificaciones de 3 a 4 pisos.
A peculiar uncommon cutaneous neoplasia: Angiosarcoma of the head and neck of the elderly (Wilson Jones Angiosarcoma)
Authors: D'Amuri Alessandro , Floccari Federica , Filotico Raffaele , Filotico Marcello
Published: July 2019

Cutaneous Angiosarcoma of the elderly's face is a rare and peculiar neoplasm with all its own clinical and morphological characteristics. The observation of a classic case in the clinical presentation and morphology has offered the opportunity to revisit this topic.
How Motivation as Quality Influence ESL Learners’ Attitudes toward English Pronunciation Learning
Authors: Zhou Yang
Published: July 2019

The current study attempted to examine ESL learners’ attitudes toward L2 pronunciation learning and meanwhile, toinvestigate how these learners’ qualitative motivation explain their attitudes toward pronunciation learning. A total of124 ESL learners participated in the survey in which several questionnaires were included regarding L2 selfrepresentations (Papi et al., 2018), chronic regulatory focus (Higgins et al., 2001) and L2 learners attitudes towardpronunciation learning (Elliot, 1995a; Gardner, 1985). An exploratory factor analysis was performed on allpronunciation items and the results revealed a threefold-factor solution: importance of pronunciation, learningpronunciation for communicative purpose and preference for native accent. The data analysis suggested thatpromotion-focused orientation, ideal L2 self own, ought-to L2 self own and ought-to L2 self other were respectivelycorrelated with ESL learners’ attitudes toward all three factors of pronunciation learning. Particularly, ideal L2 selfown was found to predict more positive attitude toward the importance of pronunciation learning and toward thepreference for native accent than ought-to L2 self own, while the former one also predicted more negative attitudetoward learning pronunciation for communicative purpose. The study has yielded significant implications forresearchers regarding the understanding of motivation from its qualitative perspective which delineates individual’sinclination to different goals and to specific strategies for attaining these goals (Papi, 2018), as well as for ESLinstructors concerning the improvement of L2 pronunciation pedagogy and the selection of motivational approachesfor L2 pronunciation instruction.
Performance of early masonry, cob and concrete buildings in the 14 November 2016 Kaikoura earthquake
Authors: Dizhur Dmytro , Giaretton Marta , Ingham Jason
Published: July 2019

The performance of historic buildings during the 14 November 2016 Mw7.8 Kaikoura, New Zealand earthquake is reported, focusing on early stone and clay brick masonry buildings, vintage concrete structures, cob cottages, and the non-structural masonry chimneys and veneers of buildings located in the upper part of the South Island (Marlborough and North Canterbury regions). To better document structural response, the intensity of horizontal and vertical ground motion from the nearest recording station is graphically placed alongside the assessed level of damage. In response to numerous strong earthquakes that have previously occurred in the area a large number of highly vulnerable buildings or non-structural building components were previously either seismically retrofitted or demolished, thereby reducing the level of damage and loss of life during the 2016 Kaikoura earthquake. Seismically retrofitted stone and clay brick masonry buildings and cob cottages exhibited good performance, while some vintage concrete structures and partially strengthened cob cottages suffered moderate to extensive levels of damage. A large stock of URM chimneys in Picton, Seddon and Rotherham were previously removed while in other locations chimneys presented a variety of responses. Rural masonry veneer dwellings located in Seddon and Waiau experienced high damage levels, typically resulting in out-of-plane collapse of the masonry veneer.
The Quality of Play Center Activities of Early Childhood Education in China
Authors: Liu Xiaolin , Hu Biying , Huang Jian-hao
Published: July 2019

As one typical form of play, play center activities are commonly used in early childhood education programs in China. This study used the Activities Sub-scale of the Chinese Early Childhood Environment Rating Scale (CECERS) to measure the quality of the play center activities in K2 (4-5 years old) classroom, which based on a stratiﬁed random selection of 48 classrooms in Guangdong Province in China. Results found that the overall quality of play center activities was slightly below qualified (5 points), and there are significant differences between urban and rural, private and public, high and low level of kindergartens. Quality of three dimensions (material and space, opportunity and time, design and organization) also showed a medium level (above 4 points), and significant differences of three dimensions are found between urban and rural, private and public, high and low level of kindergartens. Findings and implications will help teachers to better support and enhance children’s play center activities and early learning.
Silver Nanoparticles Synthesis for Sensitive Spectrophotometric Determination of Sofosbuvir, Lamivudine, and Ritonavir in Pure Forms and Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms
Authors: Saraya Roshdy E , Elhenawee Magda , Saleh Hanaa
Published: July 2019

Background: Silver nanoparticles synthesis is now widely applicable as a method for sensitive spectrophotometric determination of many pharmaceuticals. Objective: A highly sensitive, cheap, green, nonextractive, and accurate spectrophotometric method was developed for the determination of three important antiviral drugs. Methods: The method depends on the formation of silver nanoparticles as a result of the redox reaction between antiviral drugs as a reducing agent and AgNO3 as an oxidizing agent in presence of polyvinyl pyrrolidone as a stabilizing agent. The UV absorbance of the resulted golden yellow silver nanoparticles can be easily measured at 421 nm for Sofosbuvir (SFS) and Ritonavir (RIT) and at 425 nm for Lamivudine (LAM). Results: The LODs were 23.5, 30, and 21.5 nm/mL for SFS, LAM, and RIT, respectively. The LOQs were 70.5, 90, and 64.6 nm/mL for SFS, LAM, and RIT, respectively. The method was validated according to International Conference on Harmonization guidelines, and it was successively applied for the determination of the studied drugs in their different pharmaceutical dosage forms and gave excellent percent of recovery. The results showed excellent agreement with the reported method with respect to precision and accuracy. Conclusions: Being simple, fast, robust, and economic, this method is eligible for use in the routine work in pharmaceutical quality control laboratories. Highlights: A sensitive and economic spectrophotometric method was developed and validated for quantitative determination of SFS, LAM, and RIT. The method was validated and applied for determination of the studied drugs in their different formulations. The method used water as the main solvent, so our proposed method is considered environmentally friendly.
Vielfaltsquartiere und Integration
Authors: Hummel Konrad
Published: July 2019

Die europäische Stadt ist die größte soziale Integrationsmaschine unserer ­Gesellschaft - so man sie lässt. Wenn aber die Rahmenbedingungen dieses »urbanen Typs« sich verändern und die »nationale« Integrationspolitik widersprüchlich bis unklar ist, versagt diese Maschine und führt zu Siedlungsformen mit neuen Verwerfungen.
Die Migrationsgesellschaft in pädagogischen Arbeitsfeldern anerkennen
Authors: Frank Claudia
Published: July 2019

Migration ist Normalität und gleichzeitig Bezugspunkt hitziger Debatten. Von dieser Widersprüchlichkeit sind pädagogische Arbeitsfelder nicht gänzlich frei. Dabei können von der Kinder- und Jugendhilfe, der Frühpädagogik, aber natürlich auch von der Schule wichtige Impulse zur Etablierung einer teilhabegerechten und anerkennungsorientierten Praxis in der Migrationsgesellschaft ausgehen.
O diagnóstico organizacional em agroindústrias familiares: um estudo em uma agrodindústria familiar rural
Authors: Zaluski Felipe Cavalheiro , Hedlund Patrique Rosa , Sausen Jorge Oneide , Oliveira Tarcisio Dorn de
Published: July 2019

Este estudo objetivou diagnosticar e analisar a dinâmica organizacional que se estabelece na interface das áreas funcionais de planejamento organizacional, marketing, produção e operações, gestão de pessoas e de finanças sob o impacto das variáveis do meio social e das dimensões indivíduo-grupo-sistema organizacional, além de descrever as interfaces, potencialidades e fragilidades que se estabelecem. Nesse contexto, procurou-se apresentar, em um âmbito mais completo e aprofundado, o diagnóstico organizacional da Agroindústria Sete Sabores, uma agroindústria familiar rural localizada no interior da cidade de Ijuí (RS), que atua no ramo de produção de produtos na linha de panificados e confeitaria. A coleta de dados se baseou em: pesquisa bibliográfica; pesquisa documental; e entrevista semiestruturada. Por fim, a análise e interpretação dos dados foi realizada com o auxílio do Software NVivo por meio da técnica de análise de conteúdo. Deste modo, a averiguação do diagnóstico organizacional proporcionou a organização uma apreciação crítica dos procedimentos utilizados pela gestão naquele determinado momento, além de descrever as variáveis que influenciam o negócio. É uma forma proativa de prevenção de problemas, correção de processos e implementação ou emprego de oportunidades. A interrelação existente entre as áreas funcionais é intangível e intrínseca a rotina organizacional, sendo que seu conhecimento e compreensão são vitais para o sucesso de uma organização.
The negligence and lazy of the Administration: the greatest danger to the conservation of the unique lagerstätte sites
Authors: Mayoral Eduardo J. , Lińan Eladio , Santos Ana
Published: July 2019

An example is given of one of the most important sites in the Spanish fossil record, such as the almost a hundred moulds of ancient jellyfish of hydrozoan Medusozoa, Cnidaria, exceptionally preserved in an arkosic greywacke bedding plane of the Corduban/Terreneuvian Epoch (lowermost Cambrian) in the municipal district of Constantina (Seville). In spite of its scientific-patrimonial importance and the fact that it has been brought to the attention of the Andalusian autonomous administration for more than twenty-five years, it has still not been the object of an adequate legal protection figure. This lack of interest or bureaucratic slowness is causing an irreparable loss in many of its elements affected by erosion and the passage of time. A series of urgent actions are also proposed to mitigate the current deterioration of the site and favour its conservation.
SLCV–a supervised learning—computer vision combined strategy for automated muscle fibre detection in cross-sectional images
Authors: Rettig Anika , Haase Tobias , Pletnyov Alexandr , Kohl Benjamin , Ertel Wolfgang , von Kleist Max , Sunkara Vikram
Published: July 2019

Muscle fibre cross-sectional area (CSA) is an important biomedical measure used to determine the structural composition of skeletal muscle, and it is relevant for tackling research questions in many different fields of research. To date, time consuming and tedious manual delineation of muscle fibres is often used to determine the CSA. Few methods are able to automatically detect muscle fibres in muscle fibre cross-sections to quantify CSA due to challenges posed by variation of brightness and noise in the staining images. In this paper, we introduce the supervised learning-computer vision combined pipeline (SLCV), a robust semi-automatic pipeline for muscle fibre detection, which combines supervised learning (SL) with computer vision (CV). SLCV is adaptable to different staining methods and is quickly and intuitively tunable by the user. We are the first to perform an error analysis with respect to cell count and area, based on which we compare SLCV to the best purely CV-based pipeline in order to identify the contribution of SL and CV steps to muscle fibre detection. Our results obtained on 27 fluorescence-stained cross-sectional images of varying staining quality suggest that combining SL and CV performs significantly better than both SL-based and CV-based methods with regards to both the cell separation- and the area reconstruction error. Furthermore, applying SLCV to our test set images yielded fibre detection results of very high quality, with average sensitivity values of 0.93 or higher on different cluster sizes and an average Dice similarity coefficient of 0.9778.
Maximising the potential for citizen science in New South Wales
Authors: Roger Erin , Tegart Patrick , Dowsett Rebekah , Kinsela Michael A. , Harley Mitchell D. , Ortac Geetha
Published: July 2019

Citizen science is growing rapidly in Australia and globally, and presents valuable opportunities to engage with the community and amplify scientific research. The recent growth in citizen science is largely attributed to technology and has resulted in citizen science now recognised as having the potential to augment and enhance traditional scientific research and monitoring. Citizen science can deliver a level of spatial granularity often not possible with conventional research. This, coupled with its potential to engage the public meaningfully in science, uniquely positions citizen science to monitor and thereby effect genuine scientific outcomes. However, the rapid growth in citizen science has also resulted in some data and information challenges that need to be overcome. Here we present a general overview of citizen science and some of the opportunities and challenges associated with its rapid growth, with a focus on Australia. We use case studies of successful citizen science projects in New South Wales to demonstrate its potential across areas such as cost efficiency and scalability. Overall, these examples show how citizen science has the potential to provide a monumental shift in our ability to monitor the environment while simultaneously increasing understanding and trust in science within the broader community.
Urban Agriculture among Households of Makurdi Metropolis of Benue State, Nigeria: Key Challenges
Authors: Mbah E. N. , Attah A. J. , Jiriko R.
Published: July 2019

The survey was conducted to identify key challenges encountered by households in Makurdi metropolis of Benue state, Nigeria who are engaged in urban agriculture. A well structured questionnaire was used to collect data from a sample of 100 respondents used for the study. Data were analyzed using frequency, percentage and mean score. Results show that a greater percentage (46.0%) of the respondents engaged in cultivation of leafy vegetable, 22.0% cultivated cassava, 21.0% planted sweet potato, 18.0% cultivated tomato while 56.0% reared poultry, 23.0% kept goat, among others. Sources of agricultural information indicated by the respondents were family members/relations (85.0%), friends/neighbors (73.0%), radio (68.0%), extension agents (57.0%), etc. Major challenges encountered by the respondents in urban agriculture include inadequate size of farm land (M= 2.72), lack of access to credit facilities (M= 2.63), lack of funds (M= 2.50), high cost of labor (M= 2.49), insecurity of lands (M= 2.46), theft of crops at maturity (M= 2.38), lack of farm inputs such as improved varieties of seeds, fertilizer (M= 2.23), destruction of crops by stray farm animals (M= 1.96), among others. The study recommends that there is need for adequate provision of farm inputs by government at all levels at subsidized rate in order to reduce the cost of production and enhance optimum productivity.
The Impact of Agricultural Practices on Soil Organisms: Lessons Learnt from Market-gardens
Authors: Moulin Coraline , Vaillant Victor , Diman Jean-Louis , Angeon Valérie , Burner Fred , Loranger-Merciris Gladys
Published: July 2019

Intensive agriculture practices have an important impact on soil biota, which can affect dramatically soil quality. In order to limit this impact, alternative agricultural practices are more and more applied. However, these practices are still in progress and thus, it is necessary to investigate their impact on soil activity. In this context, we studied the impact of agricultural practices (intensive and agroecological) in vegetable cropping systems in Guadeloupe. The first aim of this study was to identify practices developed in vegetable cropping systems and explain their level of eco-agriculture. We conducted a survey on the whole territory which gave us a better understanding of vegetable cropping systems in Guadeloupe. We selected a representative subset of 18 farms located on vertisols. The second aim of the study was to establish a typology of cropping practices in these vegetable cropping systems in vertisol. We performed a PCA and a HCA on the 18 farms. These methods allowed us to build a typology in which farms were distributed between two types. In type A, farmers are using intensive agricultural practices while in type B, farmers are using alternative agroecological farming practices. Then, we collected soil fauna, during the rainy season in type A and type B farms in order to demonstrate the relationship between cropping systems and the quality of soils proxied by biological indicators. We hypothesized that the use of synthetic fertilizers and herbicides in intensive agriculture affected soil fauna activity. The results showed no significant difference between soil fauna abundance in both types. However, the taxonomic richness and the abundance of litter transformers were higher in type B. Taxonomic richness and soil fauna functional diversity thus strongly depend on agricultural practices in vegetables cropping systems in Guadeloupe.
Phytochemical Screening and Antimicrobial Activity of Kenyan Mushroom Ganoderma lucidum
Authors: Sande Ebrahim , Baraza Danstone Lilechi , Ooko Selline , Kuloba Nyongesa Peter , Shiyenzi Lilian
Published: July 2019

Aim: To screen the Kenyan Ganoderma lucidum for phytochemicals and to investigate it's potential in the management of some disease-causing microbes.

Study Design: Hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol extraction; phytochemical study and anti-microbial activities were analysed on Kenyan G. lucidum mushroom.

Place and Duration of Study: Masinde Muliro University Science laboratories from January 2019 and March 2019.

Methodology: Sequential extraction of dried samples was done using hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol. The crude extracts were assayed against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Pseudomonas aeroginosa, and Creptococcus neoformans using agar well diffusion method. Ampicillin and nystatin were respectively used as controls for bacteria and fungi. Zones of inhibition measured signified the antimicrobial activity.

Results: The following group of compounds were present in the mushroom; terpenoids, carbohydrates, phenolic compounds, glycosides and polyoses. Hexane and methanol extracts showed significant activity at (P= 0.022) against MRSA while ethyl acetate extract was active against Streptococcus pyogenes (P=0.05).

Conclusion: Kenyan Ganoderma lucidum contains terpenoids, carbohydrates, phenolic compounds, glycosides, flavonoids and phytosterols. Crude extracts (hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol) were active against MRSA and Streptococcus pyogenes.
Economic Analysis of Grasscutter Production (Thryonomys swinderianus) in Osun State, Nigeria: A Case of Data Envelopment Approach
Authors: Olatidoye M. S. , Adisa O. D. , Akinola A. A. , Awoyelu F. E. D.
Published: July 2019

Aim: The study estimated the technical, allocative and economic efficiency indices and further examined the factors influencing technical efficiency for the sampled Grasscutter farms in Osun State.

Study Design: The study made use of only primary data obtained from sampled Grasscutter farmers in the three agricultural zones of the State.

Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out in Osun State, Nigeria during 2017/2018 farming season.

Methodology: Twenty four respondents, each, were randomly selected from the list of Grasscutter farmers obtained from Osun State Agricultural Development Project (ADP). Data collected was analyzed using the stochastic frontier model and Tobit regression model. The overall technical efficiency was estimated with no effort of decomposing it into pure and scale efficiencies.

Results: The results showed that the range of efficiency indices varies greatly with minimum of 0.742, 0.263 and 0.168 and maximum of 1.0 for technical, allocative and economic efficiencies, respectively. The mean efficiencies which indicate the average potential therein in Grasscutter production in the study area were 0.96, 0.63 and 0.83 for technical, allocative and economic efficiency, respectively. Only one, out of the seventy two grasscutter farmers involved in the analysis was found to be technically, allocatively and economically efficient. Many sampled grasscutter farmers employed the ‘wrong’ input mix, given input prices, so that, on average, costs were (37%) higher than the cost minimizing level. However, farms have the potential to reduce their physical input, on average, by (4%) and still produce the same level of output.

Conclusion: There was a great potential to improve the output of grasscutter farms and save cost, if variable inputs were adjusted to the optimal level along the short-run isoquant. Education and farming experience significantly influenced technical, allocative and economic efficiencies, respectively, while inefficiency results, in large part, from allocative rather than technical inefficiency.
Quantitative Determination of Heavy Metal Concentrations in Herbal Teas Marketed in Various Countries Including Libya
Authors: A. Elbagermi M. , I. Alajtal A. , G. M. Edwards H.
Published: July 2019

This study presents the determination of the amount of some heavy metals (Cu, Cr, Ni, Cd, Mn, Fe, Mg and Pb) present in commercial brand herbal tea samples purchased from local markets in Misurata, Libya, by atomic absorption spectroscopy. The validity of the analytical procedure was monitored by analysing certified reference materials obtained from the Food and Drugs Control Centre, Libya. The concentration of Cu, Cr, Ni, Cd, Mn, Fe, Mg and Pb in all the tea leaf samples ranged from 5.141 to 17.1, 0.890 to 3.4, 0.0833 to 2.349, 0.035 to 0.38, 32.01to 89.46, 79.01-167, 91.98 to 213.83 and 0.463 to 0.901 µg g-1, respectively. The concentration of heavy metals in the tea leaves can be arranged in the following order, Mg> Fe> Mn>Cu >Cr> Ni> Pb> Cd. Moreover, it is observed that the concentrations of all the toxic elements tested in the investigated herbal plants are found below the permitted levels specified by the international regulatory standards for the medicinal plants.