bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Healthy beverage index could decrease odds of metabolic syndrome: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Nouri Mehran , Shateri Zainab , Rezaei Mahshid , Zangene Ali , Homayounfar Reza , Keshani Parisa
Published: June 2023

Some studies indicated that sugar‐sweetened beverages (SSBs) were related to MetS risk, and others found no relationship between MetS and SSBs. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the relationship between healthy beverage index (HBI) and MetS in Iranian adults. This cross‐sectional study was performed on baseline data FASA cohort. Out of 10,127 participants in the FASA cohort study, 8838 participants were included in this study. The National Cholesterol Education Program's Adult Treatment Panel (ATP) III was used for MetS definition. The HBI was calculated by a 125‐item food frequency questionnaire with standard criteria. The association between HBI and MetS and its components was evaluated by univariate regression. Multivariate regression with the backward method was used for adjusting confounders. p < .05 was considered as statistically significant. Compared to the first quartile, it was observed that HBI in the last quartile was significantly related to lower odds of MetS in the multivariate analysis (odds ratio [OR] = 0.72; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.60–0.87, p < .001). Also, we observed a significant association between the last quartile of HBI with lower odds of high waist circumference (WC) (OR = 0.55; 95% CI: 0.45–0.67, p < .002). Our findings showed that the higher HBI score reduced MetS odds and WC. Therefore, to reduce the odds of MetS, a healthy pattern of beverage consumption, including drinking water, low‐fat milk, unsweetened tea, and coffee, and reducing the consumption of SSB are recommended. More studies are needed to confirm the findings.
Potential utility of urinary chemokine CCL2 to creatinine ratio in prognosis of 5‐year graft failure and mortality post 1‐year protocol biopsy in kidney transplant recipients
Authors: Gniewkiewicz Michal , Gozdowska Jolanta , Deborska‐Materkowska Dominika , Czerwinska Katarzyna , Perkowska‐Ptasinska Agnieszka , Burban Anna , Cieslik Aleksandra , Kosieradzki Maciej , Durlik Magdalena
Published: June 2023

Background

Chemokines (chemotactic cytokines) are small proteins which are engaged in many pathophysiological processes, including inflammation and homeostasis. In recent years, application of chemokines in transplant medicine was intensively studied. The aim of this study was to determine the utility of urinary chemokines CCL2 (C‐C motif ligand 2) and CXCL10 (C‐X‐C motif chemokine ligand 10) in prognosis of 5‐year graft failure and mortality post 1‐year protocol biopsy in renal transplant recipients.

Methods

Forty patients who had a protocol biopsy 1 year after renal transplantation were included. Concentrations of CCL2 and CXCL10 in urine with reference to urine creatinine were measured. All patients were under the supervision of one transplant center. Long‐term outcomes within 5 years after 1‐year posttransplant biopsy were analyzed.

Results

Urinary CCL2:Cr at the time of biopsy was significantly increased in patients who died or had graft failure. CCL2:Cr was proven to be a significant predictor of 5‐year graft failure and mortality (odds ratio [OR]: 1.09, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02–1.19, p = .02; OR: 1.08, 95% CI: 1.02–1.16, p = .04; respectively).

Conclusion

Chemokines are easily detected by current methods. In the era of personalized medicine, urinary CCL2:Cr can be considered as a factor providing complementary information regarding risk of graft failure or increased mortality.
Anomalies in agricultural trade: A Bayesian classifier approach
Authors: Khadka Savin , Gopinath Munisamy , Batarseh Feras A.
Published: June 2023

This study examines the uncertainty‐agricultural trade nexus. Uncertainty effects on macroeconomic indicators such as consumption and investment have been well studied. However, less is known about the relationship between uncertainty and international trade, particularly the heterogeneity of that linkage across sectors. Application of a novel data‐driven methodology—anomaly detection and classification via a Naïve Bayesian Classifier—to monthly data at the HS‐4 level finds that agricultural imports are reduced when economic policy uncertainty is high. The effects of policy‐related uncertainty are more persistent than that of supply‐side fluctuations. Anticipatory stock‐piling occurred when uncertainty is specific to trade policy.
DFT study on the catalytic decomposition of hydrogen peroxide by iron complexes of nitrilotriacetate
Authors: Chen Hsing‐Yin , Lin Yu‐Fen
Published: June 2023

The Fenton system in the presence of nitrilotriacetate (NTA) ligand is studied by DFT approach. The calculations show that complexation of Fe(II) with NTA significantly facilitates the H2O2 activation. The ferric‐hydroperoxo intermediate NTAFe(III)OOH predominantly decays via the disproportionation into NTAFe(II)OH2 and NTAFe(IV)O involving the formation of a μ‐1,2‐hydroperoxo‐bridged biferric intermediate. In this mechanism, the bridged hydroperoxo is reduced by hydroperoxo ligand rather than by Fe(III). On the one hand, the NTAFe(III)OOH is sluggish to undergo hydrogen abstraction; on the other hand, it is a good nucleophile that may perform aldehyde deformylation. The present calculations suggest that both ˙OH and Fe(IV)O are generated in the NTA‐assisted Fenton system. However, the polycarboxylate ligand provides a favorable environment for H2O2 to accumulate around iron ion through hydrogen bonding. This promotes the quenching of Fe(IV)O by H2O2, rationalizing why the Fe(IV)O species is hardly detected in the NTA‐assisted Fenton system.
The new advance of SALL4 in cancer: Function, regulation, and implication
Authors: Abouelnazar Fatma A. , Zhang Xiaoxin , Wang Maoye , Zhang Jiahui , Yu Dan , Zang Xueyan , Zhang Jiayin , Li Yixin , Xu Jing , Yang Qiurong , Zhou Yue , Tang Haozhou , Wang Yanzheng , Gu Jianmei , Zhang Xu
Published: June 2023

SALL4 (split‐like protein 4) is a member of the mammalian homologs of the Drosophila homoeotic gene spalt (sal) and acts as a zinc finger transcription factor to govern the self‐renewal and pluripotency of embryonic stem cells. SALL4 expression gradually decreases during development and is even absent in most adult tissues. However, increasing evidence suggests that SALL4 expression is restored in human cancers and its aberrant expression is associated with the progression of many hematopoietic malignancies and solid tumors. The potent roles of SALL4 in regulating cancer cell proliferation, apoptosis, metastasis, and drug resistance have been reported. SALL4 plays a dual role in epigenetic modulation by acting as either an activator or a repressor of its target genes. Furthermore, SALL4 interacts with other partners to control the expression of many downstream genes and the activation of various key signaling transduction pathways. SALL4 is considered as a promising diagnostic and prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for cancer. In this review, we highlighted the major advances in the roles and mechanisms of SALL4 in cancer and the therapeutic strategies for targeting SALL4 to treat cancer.
Ion‐beam deposited platinum as electrical contacting material in operando electron microscopy experiments at elevated temperatures
Authors: Simonsen Søren Bredmose , Ma Zhongtao , Mariegaard Elisabeth , De Angelis Salvatore , Dacayan Waynah Lou , Mølhave Kristian Speranza , Chatzichristodoulou Christodoulos
Published: June 2023

Establishing a stable and well conducting contacting material is critical for operando electron microscopy experiments of electrical and electrochemical devices at elevated temperatures. In this contribution, the nanostructure and electrical conductivity of ion beam deposited Pt are investigated both in vacuum and in oxygen as a function of temperature. Its microstructure is relatively stable up to a temperature of approx. 800°C and up to an applied current density of approx. 100 kA/cm2. Its conductivity increases with temperature, attributed to densification, with changes in the hydrocarbon matrix being less important. Recommendations are provided with respect to the Pt deposition parameters in terms of maximizing stability and minimizing electrical resistance.

Research Highlights

It is feasible to use ion beam deposited Pt as electrical contacting material in operando electron microscopy.

The deposited Pt is relatively stable up to 800°C and approx. 100 kA/cm2.

The resistivity can be reduced by increasing the applied ion current during deposition and by thermal annealing at a temperature of 500°C in a few mbar of oxygen.
Morphology of migrating telocytes and their potential role in stem cell differentiation during cartilage development in catfish (Clarias gariepinus)
Authors: Abd‐Elhafeez Hanan H. , Rutland Catrin Sian , Soliman Soha A.
Published: June 2023

Telocytes (TCs) are present in a broad range of species and regulate processes including homeostasis, tissue regeneration and immunosurveillance. This novel study describes the morphological features of migrating TCs and their role during cartilage development within the air‐breathing organ in Clarias gariepinus, the African sharptooth catfish. Light microscopy (LM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were used to examine the TCs. TCs had a cell body and telopodes which formed 3D networks in the cartilage canals and extended their telopodes to become the foremost cellular elements penetrating the cartilage matrix. The TCs were also rich in lysosomes that secreted products to the extracellular matrix (ECM). In addition, TCs formed a homocellular synaptic‐like structure that had a synaptic cleft, and the presynaptic portion consisted of a slightly expanded terminal of the telopodes which contained intermediate filaments and secretory vesicles. Gap junctions were also identified between TCs, which also connected to mesenchymal stem cells, differentiating chondrogenic cells, macrophages, apoptotic cells, and endothelial cells. In addition to describing the basic morphology of TCs, the current study also investigated migrating TCs. The TC telopodes acquired an irregular contour when migrating rather than exhibiting an extended profile. Migrating TCs additionally had ill‐defined cell bodies, condensed chromatin, thickened telopodes, and podoms which were closely attached to the cell body. The TCs also expressed markers for MMP‐9, CD117, CD34 and RhoA. In conclusion, TCs may play multiple roles during development and maturation, including promoting angiogenesis, cell migration, and regulating stem cell differentiation.

Research Highlights

Clarias gariepinus telocytes form 3D networks, extend their telopodes and contain lysosomes.

Telocytes form a homocellular synaptic‐like structure including clefts and a slightly expanded terminal of the telopodes which contains intermediate filaments and secretory vesicles.

Gap junctions form between telocytes, which also connect to mesenchymal stem cells, differentiating chondrogenic cells, macrophages, apoptotic cells, and endothelial cells.

Migrating telocytes were discovered which had ill‐defined cell bodies, condensed chromatin, thickened telopodes exhibiting irregular contours, and podoms which were closely attached to the cell body.
B4GALNT1 promotes carcinogenesis by regulating epithelial–mesenchymal transition in hepatocellular carcinoma based on pan‐cancer analysis
Authors: Liu Wenli , Chen Yutong , Yang Jinqiang , Guo Mingliang , Wang Li
Published: June 2023

Background

β‐1,4‐N‐Acetyl galactosaminyltransferase1 (B4GALNT1) has been reported to play important roles in tumor progression and metastasis. Herein, we investigate the oncogenic roles of B4GALNT1 for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) based on immune microenvironment.

Methods

The Cancer Genome Atlas database and Genotype‐Tissue Expression, cBioportal, ImmuCellAI, TIMER2 and other databases were searched to analyze the expression and clinical applications of B4GALNT1 in liver cancer patients. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis, Cox regression analysis, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes and Gene Ontology enrichment analysis were utilized. Moreover, western blot assay, immune histochemistry staining, Cell Counting Kit‐8 (CCK‐8) assay, invasion and migration assay were performed to evaluate the function of B4GALNT1 in HCC.

Results

B4GALNT1 is overexpressed in 14 tumors, and the mRNA expression levels of B4GALNT1 were remarkably elevated in most tumor types, including HCC. In addition, B4GALNT1 expression was an independent prognostic factor, and a low expression of B4GALNT1 showed a better overall survival and disease‐specific recurrence‐free survival in patients with HCC. Gene set variation analysis indicated that B4GALNT1 presented a positive correlation with the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) pathway in HCC. B4GALNT1 expression was closely associated with immune activation genes in the HCC microenvironment. Moreover, B4GALNT1 expression was higher in HCC tissue than that in surrounding tissues. B4GALNT1 promoted the expression of apoptosis‐related or EMT‐related proteins and then decreased the expression of Bcl‐2 and Bcl‐xl in HCC cells, suggesting that B4GALNT1 knockdown significantly inhibited the proliferation and invasion of HCC cells.

Conclusions

B4GALNT1 may promote HCC development through regulating the EMT pathway, which suggests that B4GALNT1 may serve as a promising predictive biomarker and a potential therapeutic target for HCC.
The characteristic of the key aroma‐active components in white tea using GC‐TOF‐MS and GC‐olfactometry combined with sensory‐directed flavor analysis
Authors: Ma Lijuan , Sun Yangyang , Wang Xuejiao , Zhang Heyun , Zhang Linqi , Yin Yage , Wu Yumeng , Du Liping , Du Ziping
Published: June 2023

Background

White tea has become more and more popular with consumers due to its health benefits and unique flavor. However, the key aroma‐active compounds of white tea during the aging process are still unclear. Thus, the key aroma‐active compounds of white tea during the aging process were investigated using gas chromatography‐time‐of‐flight‐mass spectrometry (GC‐TOF‐MS) and gas chromatography‐olfactometry (GC‐O) combined with sensory‐directed flavor analysis.

Results

A total of 127 volatile compounds were identified from white tea samples with different aging years by GC‐TOF‐MS. Fifty‐eight aroma‐active compounds were then determined by GC‐O, and 19 of them were further selected as the key aroma‐active compounds based on modified frequency (MF) and odor activity value (OAV).

Conclusion

Aroma recombination and omission testing confirmed that 1‐octen‐3‐ol, linalool, phenethyl alcohol, geraniol, (E)‐β‐ionone, α‐ionone, hexanal, phenylacetaldehyde, nonanal, (E, Z)‐(2,6)‐nonadienal, safranal, γ‐nonalactone and 2‐amylfuran were the common key aroma‐active compounds to all samples. Cedrol, linalool oxide II and methyl salicylate were confirmed peculiar in new white tea, while β‐damascenone and jasmone were peculiar in aged white tea. This work will offer support for further studies on the material basis of flavor formation of white tea. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Effect of different oil extraction methods on bioactive compounds, antioxidant capacity and phytochemical profiles of raw flaxseeds (Linum usitatissimum) and after roasting at different temperatures
Authors: Mohamed Ahmed Isam A , Değerli Zeliha , Özcan Mehmet Musa , Babiker Elfadil E
Published: June 2023

BACKGROUND

Factors such as variety, genetics, soil structure and plant diseases affect the oil amount and properties of flaxseed. By applying heat and various extraction treatments to flaxseed, the storage ability of the seed is increased by the removal of moisture, and the stability of phytochemicals in the seed against heat can be determined.

RESULTS

Total carotenoid and phenol of flaxseeds changed from 0.13 (control) and 0.61 mg g−1 (120 °C) to 202.64 (control and 90 °C) and 225.69 mg 100 g−1 (120 °C), respectively. While total flavonoid of flaxseed roasted at different temperatures varied between 636.0 (90 °C) and 786.00 mg 100 g−1 (120 °C), antioxidant activity values for raw and roasted flaxseeds between 59.32% (control) and 68.64% (120 °C) were recorded. Oil content of seeds changed between 34.07 and 42.57% (P < 0.05). Viscosity of flaxseed oil extracted using different systems was between 31.95 (cold‐pressed; control) and 36.00 mPa s (ultrasonic; 120 °C). The dominant phenolics of flaxseeds were identified as isorhamnetin, resveratrol, quercetin, catechin, apigenin‐7‐glucoside and campherol. The oils of flaxseeds contained 55.27–58.23 linolenic, 17.40–18.91 oleic, 14.03–14.84 linoleic and 4.97–5.37 palmitic acids, depending on extraction method and roasting temperature.

CONCLUSION

Roasting and oil extraction methods did not have a significant effect on free acidity, but was found to affect peroxide value. The predominant phenolic constituents of flaxseed samples were isorhamnetin, resveratrol, quercetin, catechin, apigenin‐7‐glucoside and campherol, respectively. The major fatty acids of flaxseed oil were determined as linolenic, oleic, linoleic and palmitic. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Paraglacial transformation and ice‐dammed lake dynamics in a high Arctic glacier foreland, Gåsbreen, Svalbard
Authors: Dudek Justyna , Wieczorek Iwo , Suwiński Mateusz K. , Strzelecki Mateusz C.
Published: June 2023

The structural change of the Svalbard landscape from glacially dominated to paraglacial, that has taken place since the termination of the Little Ice Age (ca. 1900) is expressed by the widespread retreat of glaciers and progressive exposure of glacial landforms. This study provides insights into the rate of post‐LIA deglaciation and associated paraglacial transformation in the foreland of Gåsbreen, one of the first ever investigated glacier systems in the Arctic. Glacier is situated in Sørkapp Land (Southern Spitsbergen), a region characterized by one of the fastest deglaciation rates in the entire Svalbard Archipelago. During the investigated period, 1938–2020, the Gåsbreen was in a recession that accelerated after 1990, leading to its foreland increasing from 2.2 to 5.8 km2. The dynamics of landscape change in the glacier foreland, exposed since the end of LIA, manifested in i.e. the formation of ice‐dammed lakes, degradation in the surface of ice‐cored moraines and the landforms that are underlain by dead‐ice. Mass movements and debris flow on ice‐cored moraines and fluvioglacial processes had a great influence on this transformation. Enhanced proglacial runoff intensified denudation, transport and accumulation of sediments, which resulted, in: an increase in the extent of sandurs and proglacial riverbeds, an increase in the area of glacial lakes, extending and changing of the course of rivers in the glacier foreland. At the same time, the major lake system in the area—Goësvatnet underwent several cycles of filling and draining, often through glacial outburst flooding events.
Attenuation of amyloid‐β‐induced mitochondrial dysfunction by active components of anthocyanins in HT22 neuronal cells
Authors: Li Jing , Wang Pan , Hou Ming‐Jie , Zhu Bao Ting
Published: June 2023

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common form of neurodegenerative disease in the elderly. Amyloid‐β (Aβ)‐associated neurotoxicity is an important component of the neurodegenerative change in AD. Recent studies have revealed a beneficial effect of anthocyanins in improving learning and memory in AD animal models. Using cultured HT22 mouse hippocampal neuronal cells as an in vitro model, we examined in this study the protective effect of ten pure components of anthocyanins against Aβ42‐induced cytotoxicity and also investigated the mechanism of their protective effects. We found that treatment of HT22 cells with the pure components of anthocyanins dose‐dependently rescued Aβ42‐induced cytotoxicity, with slightly different potencies. Using petunidin as a representative compound, we found that it enhanced mitochondrial homeostasis and function in Aβ42‐treated HT22 cells. Mechanistically, petunidin facilitated β‐catenin nuclear translocation and enhanced the interaction between β‐catenin and TCF7, which subsequently upregulated mitochondrial homeostasis‐related protein Mfn2, thereby promoting restoration of mitochondrial homeostasis and function in Aβ42‐treated HT22 cells. Together, these results reveal that the pure components of anthocyanins have a strong protective effect in HT22 cells against Aβ42‐induced cytotoxicity by ameliorating mitochondrial homeostasis and function in a β‐catenin/TCF‐dependent manner.
Mutational spectrum in a Chinese cohort with congenital cataracts
Authors: Liu Hong‐Li , Zhang Dao‐Wei , Hu Fang‐Yuan , Xu Ping , Zhang Sheng‐Hai , Wu Ji‐Hong
Published: June 2023

Background

To identify the mutational spectrum in a Chinese cohort with congenital cataracts.

Methods

Probands (n = 164) with congenital cataracts and their affected or unaffected available family members were recruited for clinical examinations and panel‐based next‐generation sequencing, then classified into a cohort for further mutational analysis.

Results

After recruitment (n = 442; 228 males and 214 females), 49.32% (218/442) of subjects received a clinical diagnosis of congenital cataracts, and 56.88% (124/218) of patients received a molecular diagnosis. Eighty‐four distinct variants distributed among 43 different genes, including 42 previously reported variants and 42 novel variants, were detected, and 49 gene variants were causally associated with patient phenotypes; 27.37% of variants (23/84) were commonly detected in PAX6, GJA8 and CRYGD, and the three genes covered 33.06% of cases (41/124) with molecular diagnosis. The majority of genes were classified as genes involved in nonsyndromic congenital cataracts (19/43, 44.19%) and were responsible for 56.45% of cases (70/124). The majority of functional and nucleotide changes were missense variants (53/84, 63.10%) and substitution variants (74/84, 88.10%), respectively. Nine de novo variants were identified.

Conclusion

This study provides a reference for individualized genetic counseling and further extends the mutational spectrum of congenital cataracts.
Delivering CAR‐T cells into solid tumors via hydrogels
Authors: Wu Shun‐Yu , Ji Feng , Xu Bin , Wu Fu‐Gen
Published: June 2023

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)‐T cell therapy is a promising form of cancer immunotherapy that genetically modifies a patient's own T cells to express CARs for the specific recognition and eradication of cancer cells. Unfortunately, unlike the impressive advancements it achieves in hematologic cancer treatment, CAR‐T cell therapy has encountered obstacles in treating solid tumors such as high cost, inadequate tumor infiltration, and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Recently, the regional administration of CAR‐T cells via hydrogel platforms has been investigated as a potential method to not only promote tumor infiltration, cell expansion, and anticancer efficacy of the CAR‐T cells but also provide a multifunctional platform to introduce additional therapeutic agents for achieving potentiated cancer therapy. In this perspective, different design strategies of CAR‐T cell delivery hydrogels are introduced. Besides, various types of therapeutic agents incorporated in the hydrogel platforms and diverse hydrogel formulations have been discussed. The current challenges and future research directions on CAR‐T cell delivery hydrogels are also proposed. It is hoped that this perspective can help future researchers develop new CAR‐T cell delivery hydrogels that can effectively fight against solid tumors.
Mammary‐analog secretory carcinoma in children: Surgery or TRK inhibitors first?
Authors: Moreddu Eric , André Nicolas , Appay Romain
Published: June 2023

We report two cases of pediatric mammary‐analog secretory carcinoma (MASC), a male operated on at age 8 and a female operated on at 12, who are in remission 2 years after surgery. The diagnosis of MASC was challenging and established by identifying theETV6::NTRK3fusion transcript in both cases. Given the excellent results of TRK inhibitor treatments in adult MASC and pediatric tumors expressing anETV6::NTRK3fusion, they should probably be prescribed as first‐line treatment in cases requiring surgery with foreseeable serious sequelae or metastatic disease.
Phase separation patterned films of natural materials: Preparation of mixed monolayers of nanocellulose integrates and organo‐modified nanoclays
Authors: Sugita Shogo , Nakada Ryoma , Fujimori Atsuhiro
Published: June 2023

Mixed monolayers of cellulose acetate and organo‐modified montmorillonite were prepared on a water surface, and their morphologies and structures were evaluated. Cellulose acetate exhibited an integrated morphology of cellulose nanofibers. A mixed monolayer of nanocellulose and organo‐modified montmorillonite was found to be a phase‐separated system in the surface pressure‐area isotherm analysis. The surface morphology of the mixed film formed a patterned surface in which clay nanoparticles and nanofibers coexisted. As the cellulose acetate ratio in the mixed film increased, the size of the clay nanoparticles decreased. The surface free energy of the mixed film was intermediate between those of the two components; however, it showed the most hydrophilic characteristic by being wettable by water. The layered structure of the mixed films showed a longer spacing value than that of the organo‐modified nanoclay film, indicating a change in orientation. In contrast, the in‐plane order was amorphous, and no improvement in periodicity or crystallinity was observed even after annealing. In addition, the clay part of the phase‐separated film exhibited selective molecular adsorption ability, and it was possible to form adsorbent patterns.
Functions of lysine 2‐hydroxyisobutyrylation and future perspectives on plants
Authors: Zhang Ning , Wang Sisheng , Tian Hongyan , Li Songgang , Liu Lulu , Li Jiaqi , Chen Daiying , Zhao Simin , Yan Xiangning , Niaz Mohsin , Zhao Lei , Ren Yan , Chen Feng
Published: June 2023

Lysine 2‐hydroxyisobutyrylation (Khib) is a novel protein post‐translational modifications (PTMs) observed in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes. Recent studies suggested that this novel PTM has the potential to regulate different proteins in various pathways. Khib is regulated by lysine acyltransferases and deacylases. This novel PTM reveals interesting connections between modifications and protein physiological functions, including gene transcription, glycolysis and cell growth, enzymic activity, sperm motility, and aging. Here, we review the discovery and the current understanding of this PTM. Then, we outline the networks of complexity of interactions among PTMs in plants, and raise possible directions of this novel PTM for future investigations in plants.
Clinical outcomes in patients with metastatic castrate‐resistant prostate cancer treated with abiraterone with or without ongoing androgen deprivation therapy: A retrospective case–control study
Authors: Arafa Ali T. , Blader Leah R. , Ramakrishna Karan , Engle Jeff , Ryan Charles J. , Zorko Nicholas A. , Jha Gautam , Antonarakis Emmanuel S.
Published: June 2023

Introduction

Abiraterone and concurrent androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) are used in the treatment of patients with metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer. Recently, it has been suggested that the use of abiraterone alone (without ADT) may have comparable efficacy to abiraterone with ongoing ADT. Here, we sought to assess the impact of ADT cessation in patients beginning abiraterone for castration‐resistant prostate cancer.

Methods

We identified 39 patients at our institution who received abiraterone alone (with discontinuation of ADT) between 2011 and 2022. We then procured a comparable group of 39 patients (matched by age, Gleason score, and prostate‐specific antigen [PSA] level) who received abiraterone with ongoing ADT during the same period. We assessed and compared clinical outcomes in the two groups (abiraterone‐alone vs. abiraterone‐ADT) with respect to PSA response rates, PSA progression‐free survival, and overall survival. Results were adjusted using Cox proportional‐hazards multivariable models.

Results

The median PSA before treatment initiation was 12.7 (range: 0.2–199) ng/mL in the abiraterone‐alone group and 15.5 (range: 0.6–212) ng/mL in the abiraterone‐ADT group. Use of abiraterone alone adequately suppressed testosterone levels in 35/37 (94.6%) patients. Patients receiving abiraterone alone had a median PSA reduction of 80.2% versus 79.5% in patients receiving abiraterone plus ADT. The median PSA progression‐free survival in patients receiving abiraterone alone was 27.4 versus 25.8 months in patients receiving abiraterone plus ADT (hazard ratio [HR] 1.10; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.65–1.71; p = 0.82). In addition, abiraterone alone was associated with an overall survival of 3.6 versus 3.1 years in patients receiving abiraterone plus ADT (HR 0.90; 95% CI 0.50–1.62; p = 0.72). There were no differences in PFS or OS between groups after performing Cox multivariable regression analyses.

Conclusion

Use of abiraterone alone was associated with comparable clinical outcomes to patients who received abiraterone together with ADT. Further prospective studies are warranted to evaluate the impact of abiraterone alone on treatment outcomes and cost savings.
Patient perspectives on pulmonary hypertension in the United States: Burdens, expectations, and goals
Authors: Braley Kirsten , Richardson Kathleen , Whitley Lenise , Werner Katie , Appleby Linda
Published: June 2023

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a life‐threatening, debilitating disease caused by increased blood pressure in the pulmonary arteries. As patients living in the United States, we have unique insights into the journey from diagnosis and treatment within the US healthcare system and the significant impact that PH has on our quality of life. While there have recently been advances in PH management, there are several areas of PH care which we feel should be reassessed and improved. Commonly, diagnosis is lengthy and convoluted due to the rarity of the disease and limited knowledge of PH in primary care. There are also barriers to obtaining the right treatment and we feel that a more holistic approach to care is needed. Mental health is commonly overlooked and should be an integral part of patient care, as should elements such as nutritional advice, cardiopulmonary rehabilitation, and sexual health. PH patient associations play a key role in providing social, educational, and financial support to patients and caregivers alongside PH research and advocacy. As patients, we feel that we need to advocate for correct diagnosis, timely referral, and optimal treatment, in addition to overcoming the financial and/or administrative hurdles to obtain these. We propose several future goals to help empower patients to play an active, central role in their care and to improve all aspects of PH management. We advocate for further use of the patient voice in research and clinical development programs, including the use of patient‐reported outcomes that have been developed with patient input.
What do we know so far about the research‐teaching nexus in Initial Teacher Training? Findings from a systematic review
Authors: Wang Yuqian , Newton Douglas , Moger Pauline , Ion Georgeta , Arnau‐Sabates Laura
Published: June 2023

Initial Teacher Education (ITE) Programmes comprise campus‐based teaching sessions and school practice. This article carries out a systematic review from the context of Initial Teacher Education programmes in Higher Education, using the term ‘nexus’ to summarise the various ways research is integrated into campus‐based teaching, and the various forms of research‐informed teaching in school placement within ITE programmes. The review focused on empirical studies, written in either English or Spanish between 2015 to 2022, that report on this nexus—17 articles written in English met all the inclusion criteria, but none written in Spanish. The nexus is manifested on three levels: the intended level (related to courses), the implemented level (concerning campus‐based teaching), and the impact level (among pre‐service teachers). The nexus appears on the intended level through how courses and associated focal points for pedagogical practice are engineered and systematically designed to integrate research and teaching. On the implemented level, the nexus emerges in teacher educators' emphasis on epistemic connections between research and current school practice, and this highlights the identities of teacher educators and their professional development needs. On the impact level, the nexus means achieving harmony between, on the one hand, what pre‐service teachers have learnt from researching and, on the other, real social contexts—cognitively, affectively and self‐efficaciously. Discussion of these results provides a working definition of the research‐teaching nexus: for both teacher educators and pre‐service teachers to use the products and processes of research to enhance the effectiveness of teaching, either in campus‐teaching or school placement practice.
Learning from the Many, Teaching to the Many: Applying Ecojustice Principles to Undergraduate Pedagogy in Environmental Science, Ecology, and Sustainability Classrooms
Authors: Heskel Mary A. , Mergenthal Jennings G. A.
Published: June 2023

In this chapter, we introduce our perspectives and guidance for authentically integrating principles of EcoJustice – transparency of and access to information, diversity of cultural perspectives, and equity in decision-making - into undergraduate ecology and environmental science classrooms. As a professor of ecology and a recently graduated undergraduate student of biology and history, we found that EcoJustice can act as an inspiration and source of content and a framework to guide authentic, growth-focused pedagogy. Inclusion of diverse cultural perspectives on how science is performed may deepen connection to content in students representing marginalized communities and broaden discussions and understanding of what science is. We detail the benefits of broadening science pedagogy and pivoting from a practice where single actors and sources of knowledge are emphasized to one that emphasizes a more authentic, diverse, and democratic representation of science. We focus on the strengths of including multiple perspectives on pedagogy and sources of knowledge in the classroom. To promote inclusion, we suggest multiple assessments that emphasize individuality, creativity, application, and fun – often sorely missing from undergraduate classrooms. Finally, we offer guiding questions for faculty and student leaders to reflect on while developing courses and structuring learning environments that value and promote authenticity.
Panel Three: Environmental Justice, March 26, 2021
Authors: Cook Elizabeth M. , Karuka Manu , Simms Angela M. , Jurich Joscelyn , Dinoor Yuval , Elkis Rachel
Published: June 2023

In this panel discussion, Elizabeth M. Cook (Environmental Science), Manu Karuka (American Studies), and Angela M. Simms (Sociology and Urban Studies) discuss environmental justice, urban ecology, racism, the politics of race, and stewardship and how they teach about these ideas in courses in their respective disciplines.
Panel Four: Design Decarbonization, March 30, 2021
Authors: Baxi Kadambari , Goldmark Sandra , Stute Martin , Jurich Joscelyn , Chen Linda , Wang Olivia
Published: June 2023

In this panel discussion, Kadambari Baxi (Architecture), Sandra Goldmark (Theatre), and Martin Stute (Environmental Science) discuss what it means to design for decarbonization from the perspective of their fields of expertise. They explore how they structure their courses to investigate and problematize design and decarbonization issues and how their courses have evolved to address issues of sustainability.
Pathways to Sustainability: Examples from Science Teacher Education
Authors: Rivera Maulucci María S.
Published: June 2023

Why do we need education for sustainability? What is education for sustainability? What are some of the challenges and opportunities a sustainability approach affords? How might a sustainability approach inform science teacher education? This chapter will provide a brief review of the literature on sustainability, environmental education, and education for sustainability, provide a brief history of the concept, and explore how it has been applied in two science teacher education contexts. In addition, by investigating the theoretical and practical challenges of integrating sustainability with the science curriculum in particular, the chapter will provide a basis for understanding the varied approaches taken by other authors in this volume.
When a Titan Arum Blooms During Quarantine
Authors: Gershberg Nicholas
Published: June 2023

It is rare and marvelous when a botanical conservatory acquires a horticultural specimen of the endangered Titan Arum, the euphemism for the corpse flower, Amorphophallus titanum, native to the rainforests of Sumatra, Indonesia. After years of anticipation and optimism, the first blooming of the specimen in Barnard College’s Arthur Ross Greenhouse occurred in April through June 2020, during a lock-down of the campus not only to the public, but to all students and almost all staff. While attending to the rest of the conservatory, Greenhouse Administrator Nick Gershberg pivoted from the facility’s usual in-person neighborly outreach programming to an on-line presence typical of more public facing botanical institutions. Thanks to a popular @barnardgreenhouse Instagram previously created by student workers, an existing audience benefited from live-streaming and time-lapse videos, an interdisciplinary mix of photography, fashion, poetry, music, history, and languages, and a plant naming contest. All aimed to maximize inclusion. Amidst multiple crises in New York City, Minneapolis, and around the nation and globe, the “charismatic mega flora” went far beyond serving as a symbol against deforestation, climate alteration, and overharvesting. It inspired contemplation of the most basic aspect of biodiversity, a non-human organism living its astonishing life.
What Does Cell Biology Have to Do with Saving Pollinators?
Authors: Snow Jonathan
Published: June 2023

As a cell and molecular biologist trained in biomedical sciences, my early research focused on human disease etiology. I was fortunate to be able to realign my research and personal interests in sustainability when I began working on honey bee health as I transitioned to faculty positions at liberal arts colleges. As an Associate Professor of Biology at Barnard College, my teaching focuses on biology at the cell and molecular level, which is strongly associated with problems of human health. A major challenge I have faced centers around connecting the techniques and ways of thinking used in the study of cell biology with the broader environmental issues of honey bee disease and the growing pollinator crisis. In this chapter, I describe how I have worked to incorporate sustainability in a broad sense and justice in a somewhat narrow ecological sense into my lab and my teaching, with a specific focus on my course, Laboratory in Cell Biology. The lab class structure pursued here, which shares many aspects with the course-based undergraduate research experiences (CURE) model, seeks to create an authentic and inclusive environment to increase laboratory science involvement and enthusiasm in students from diverse backgrounds.
Feed-Back About the Collaboration Process from a Group Awareness Tool. Potential Boundary Conditions for Effective Regulation
Authors: Strauß Sebastian , Rummel Nikol
Published: June 2023

During collaborative learning the learners of a group need to monitor and regulate their interaction processes which requires collecting feed-back about past interaction and using it to adapt the collaboration. In this chapter, we argue that group awareness tools achieve this by visualizing information about the group’s interaction. However, the boundary conditions under which groups benefit from these tools still lack a systemic investigation. Based on prior research on group awareness tools and two small-scale field experiments we propose potential boundary conditions that affect whether groups take up the information from a group awareness tool, process this information, and eventually translate it into actions that adapt the current ways of interaction in the group. The resulting overview points out potential starting points for future research on the design of group awareness tools, on processes that are necessary to leverage group-level feedback, and on effective regulation of collaboration.
On the Alesker-Verbitsky Conjecture on HyperKähler Manifolds
Authors: Dinew Sławomir , Sroka Marcin
Published: June 2023

We solve the quaternionic Monge–Ampère equation on hyperKähler manifolds. In this way we prove the ansatz for the conjecture raised by Alesker and Verbitsky claiming that this equation should be solvable on any hyperKähler with torsion manifold, at least when the canonical bundle is trivial holomorphically. The novelty in our approach is that we do not assume any flatness of the underlying hypercomplex structure which was the case in all the approaches for the higher order a priori estimates so far. The resulting Calabi–Yau type theorem for HKT metrics is discussed.
Superior capsular reconstruction using the long head of the biceps to treat massive rotator cuff tears improves patients shoulder pain, mobility and function
Authors: Gao Qiuming , Qiao Yue , Guan Yonghao , Zhang Yiwei , Xu Tianyang , Duan Zhengwei , Fan Lin , Li Zihua , Li Guodong , Sun Jian
Published: June 2023

Purpose

Arthroscopic superior capsule reconstruction (SCR) with the long head of the biceps (LHBT) was performed to restore structural stability, force couple balance, and shoulder joint function. This study aimed to evaluate the functional outcomes of SCR using the LHBT over at least 24 months of follow‐up.

Method

This retrospective study included 89 patients with massive rotator cuff tears who underwent SCR using the LHBT, met the inclusion criteria and underwent follow up for at least 24 months. The preoperative and postoperative shoulder range of motion (forward flexion, external rotation, and abduction), acromiohumeral interval (AHI), visual analog scale (VAS) score, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score and Constant–Murley score were obtained, and the tear size, and Goutallier and Hamada grades were also investigated.

Results

Compared with those measured preoperatively, the range of motion, AHI, and VAS, Constant–Murley, and ASES scores were significantly improved immediately postoperatively (P < 0.001) and at the 6‐month, 12‐month, and final follow‐ups (P < 0.001). At the last follow‐up, the postoperative ASES score and Constant‐Murley score increased from 42.8 ± 7.6 to 87.4 ± 6.1, and 42.3 ± 8.9 to 84.9 ± 10.7, respectively; with improvements of 51 ± 21.7 in forward flexion, 21.0 ± 8.1 in external rotation, and 58.5 ± 22.5 in abduction. The AHI increased 2.1 ± 0.8 mm and the VAS score significantly changed from 6.0 (5.0, 7.0) to 1.0 (0.0, 1.0), at the final follow‐up. Eleven of the 89 patients experienced retears, and one patient needed reoperation.

Conclusion

In this study with at least 24‐months of follow‐up, SCR using the LHBT for massive rotator cuff tears could effectively relieve shoulder pain, restore shoulder function and increase shoulder mobility to some extent.

Level of evidence

IV.
Characterization of human Fc alpha receptor transgenic mice: comparison of CD89 expression and antibody-dependent tumor killing between mouse strains
Authors: Stip Marjolein C. , Jansen J. H. Marco , Nederend Maaike , Tsioumpekou Maria , Evers Mitchell , Olofsen Patricia A. , Meyer-Wentrup Friederike , Leusen Jeanette H. W.
Published: June 2023

Since mice do not express a homologue of the human Fc alpha receptor (FcαRI or CD89), a transgenic mouse model was generated in four different backgrounds (C57BL/6, BALB/c, SCID and NXG) expressing the FcαRI under the endogenous human promoter. In this study, we describe previously unknown characteristics of this model, such as the integration site of the FCAR gene, the CD89 expression pattern in healthy male and female mice and in tumor-bearing mice, expression of myeloid activation markers and FcγRs and IgA/CD89-mediated tumor killing capacity. In all mouse strains, CD89 expression is highest in neutrophils, intermediate on other myeloid cells such as eosinophils and DC subsets and inducible on, among others, monocytes, macrophages and Kupffer cells. CD89 expression levels are highest in BALB/c and SCID, lower in C57BL/6 and lowest in NXG mice. Additionally, CD89 expression on myeloid cells is increased in tumor-bearing mice across all mouse strains. Using Targeted Locus Amplification, we determined that the hCD89 transgene has integrated in chromosome 4. Furthermore, we established that wildtype and hCD89 transgenic mice have a similar composition and phenotype of immune cells. Finally, IgA-mediated killing of tumor cells is most potent with neutrophils from BALB/c and C57BL/6 and less with neutrophils from SCID and NXG mice. However, when effector cells from whole blood are used, SCID and BALB/c are most efficient, since these strains have a much higher number of neutrophils. Overall, hCD89 transgenic mice provide a very powerful model to test the efficacy of IgA immunotherapy against infectious diseases and cancer.
Efficacy and Safety of Gastrointestinal Tumour Site Marking with da Vinci‐Compatible Near‐Infrared Fluorescent Clips: A Case Series
Authors: Takahashi Junji , Yoshida Masashi , Ohdaira Hironori , Nakaseko Yuichi , Nakashima Keigo , Kamada Teppei , Suzuki Norihiko , Sato Takayuki , Suzuki Yutaka
Published: June 2023

Background

The conventional near‐infrared fluorescent clip (NIRFC) ZEOCLIP FS® has been used successfully in marking tumour sites during laparoscopic surgeries. However, this clip is difficult to observe with the Firefly imaging system equipped with the da Vinci® surgical system. We have been involved in the modification of ZEOCLIP FS® and development of da Vinci‐compatible NIRFC. This is the first prospective single‐centre case series study verifying the usefulness and safety of the da Vinci‐compatible NIRFC.

Methods

Twenty‐eight consecutive patients undergoing da Vinci®‐assisted surgery for gastrointestinal cancer (16 gastric, 4 oesophageal, and 8 rectal cases) between May 2021 and May 2022 were enrolled.

Results

Tumour location was identified by the da Vinci‐compatible NIRFCs in 21 of 28 (75%) patients, which involved 12 gastric (75%), 4 oesophageal (100%), and 5 rectal (62%) cancer cases. No adverse events were observed.

Conclusion

Tumour site marking with da Vinci‐compatible NIRFC was feasible in 28 patients enrolled in this study. Further studies are warranted to substantiate the safety and improve the recognition rate.