bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Very Low Density Lipoprotein Metabolism in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Wang Xuewen , Belani Sharina , Coyne Daniel W. , Fabbrini Elisa , Reeds Dominic N. , Patterson Bruce W. , Mittendorfer Bettina , Klein Samuel
Published: January 2012

Background: Hypertriglyceridemia is a common metabolic complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and an important risk factor for coronary heart disease in this patient population. The mechanisms responsible for the development of hypertriglyceridemia in subjects with CKD are not clear. Methods: We studied very low density lipoprotein triglyceride (VLDL-TG) and VLDL-apolipoprotein B-100 (VLDL-apoB-100) kinetics in vivo in 6 subjects with non-dialysis-dependent CKD (CKD-ND), 6 subjects with CKD treated with peritoneal dialysis (CKD-PD) and 24 sex-, age- and body mass index-matched control subjects with normal renal function (12 control subjects each matched with the CKD-ND and CKD-PD group, respectively). Results: The secretion rates of VLDL-TG and VLDL-apoB-100 into plasma were not different between CKD-ND or CKD-PD and their respective control groups. The mean residence times of VLDL-TG and VLDL-apoB-100 in plasma, which represents the time VLDL-TG and VLDL-apoB-100 spend in the circulation after secretion by the liver, tended to be greater in subjects with CKD-ND than in control subjects (222 ± 38 vs. 143 ± 21 min, p = 0.07, and 352 ± 102 vs. 200 ± 20 min, p = 0.06, respectively) and were about two-fold greater in subjects with CKD-PD compared with their control group (248 ± 51 vs. 143 ± 21 min and 526 ± 116 vs. 182 ± 16 min, respectively; both p ≤ 0.01). Conclusion: Impaired plasma clearance of VLDL-TG and VLDL-apoB-100 is the major abnormality associated with hypertriglyceridemia in patients with either CKD-ND or CKD-PD.
Reduction of Tinnitus Severity by the Centrally Acting Muscle Relaxant Cyclobenzaprine: An Open-Label Pilot Study
Authors: Coelho Claudia , Figueiredo Ricardo , Frank Elmar , Burger Julia , Schecklmann Martin , Landgrebe Michael , Langguth Berthold , Elgoyhen Ana Belen
Published: January 2012

Tinnitus, the phantom perception of sounds, is a highly prevalent disorder. Although a wide variety of drugs have been investigated off label for the treatment of tinnitus, there is no approved pharmacotherapy. We report an open-label exploratory pilot study to assess the effect of muscle relaxants acting on the central nervous system on tinnitus patients. Cyclobenzaprine at high (30 mg) and low doses (10 mg), orphenadrine (100 mg), tizanidine (24 mg) and eperisone (50 mg) were administered to a maximum of 20 patients per group over a 12-week period. High-dose cyclobenzaprine resulted in a significant reduction in the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI) score between baseline and week 12 in the intention-to-treat sample. On the other hand, other treatments were not effective. These results were confirmed in an explorative analysis where baseline corrected THI and Clinical Global Impression scores at week 12 were compared between groups. The present open trial presents a new promising pharmacotherapy for tinnitus that should be validated in placebo-controlled double-blind trials.
A Case of Carcinoid Tumor-Associated Hypercalcemia
Authors: Siyam Fadi , Abdullah Obai , Gardner Michael , Brietzke Stephen , Sowers James
Published: January 2012

Hypercalcemia as a complication of carcinoid tumors is extremely rare. Accordingly, we report the case of a 55-year-old male with metastatic carcinoid tumor and hypercalcemia, which corrected when the patient was treated with octreotide for symptomatic relief of watery diarrhea. The etiology of the hypercalcemia is presumed to be a neoplastic expression of fibroblast growth factor-23, which was found to be inappropriately high-to-normal when other factors such as parathyroid hormone, calcitonin and vitamin D were appropriately low or low-to-normal.
ACE Inhibition in Anti-Thy1 Glomerulonephritis Limits Proteinuria but Does Not Improve Renal Function and Structural Remodeling
Authors: Westerweel Peter E. , Joles Jaap A. , den Ouden Krista , Goldschmeding Roel , Rookmaaker Maarten B. , Verhaar Marianne C.
Published: January 2012

Background/Aims: ACE inhibitor (ACE-I) treatment effectively inhibits proteinuria and ameliorates the course of various renal diseases. In experimental glomerulonephritis, however, angiotensin II (AngII) infusion has also been shown to be renoprotective. We evaluated the long-term (28 days) course of anti-Thy1 glomerulonephritis in animals with suppressed AngII formation by ACE-I treatment. Methods: Brown Norway rats received perindopril (2.8 mg/kg/day, n = 12), dihydropyridine calcium-antagonist amlodipine (Ca-A; 13 mg/kg/day, n = 6) or were left untreated (n = 14). All animals were monitored for blood pressure, proteinuria, and creatinine clearance after anti-Thy1 injection. Renal histology was assessed at day 7 and 28. Results: Systolic blood pressure was equally reduced by ACE-I and Ca-A treatment. AngII suppression prevented development of proteinuria, but did not protect against glomerular microaneurysm formation or reduction in creatinine clearance. After resolution of the microaneurysms, animals with suppressed AngII production showed a modest increase in glomerulosclerosis and vasculopathic thickening of intrarenal vessels. Conclusions: In anti-Thy1 glomerulonephritis, suppression of AngII formation does not protect against the induction of glomerular damage and is associated with mild aggravation of adverse renal fibrotic remodeling. Proteinuria, however, is effectively prevented by ACE-I treatment. Ca-A treatment did not affect the course of glomerulonephritis, indicating that ACE-I effects are blood pressure independent.
Healthy Lifestyle Through Young Adulthood and the Presence of Low Cardiovascular Disease Risk Profile in Middle Age
Authors: Liu Kiang , Daviglus Martha L. , Loria Catherine M. , Colangelo Laura A. , Spring Bonnie , Moller Arlen C. , Lloyd-Jones Donald M.
Published: January 2012

Background—

A low cardiovascular disease risk profile (untreated cholesterol <200 mg/dL, untreated blood pressure <120/<80 mm Hg, never smoking, and no history of diabetes mellitus or myocardial infarction) in middle age is associated with markedly better health outcomes in older age, but few middle-aged adults have this low risk profile. We examined whether adopting a healthy lifestyle throughout young adulthood is associated with the presence of the low cardiovascular disease risk profile in middle age.

Methods and Results—

The Coronary Artery Risk Development in (Young) Adults (CARDIA) study sample consisted of 3154 black and white participants 18 to 30 years of age at year 0 (1985–1986) who attended the year 0, 7, and 20 examinations. Healthy lifestyle factors defined at years 0, 7, and 20 included average body mass index <25 kg/m
2
, no or moderate alcohol intake, higher healthy diet score, higher physical activity score, and never smoking. Mean age (25 years) and percentage of women (56%) were comparable across groups defined by number of healthy lifestyle factors. The age-, sex-, and race-adjusted prevalences of low cardiovascular disease risk profile at year 20 were 3.0%, 14.6%, 29.5%, 39.2%, and 60.7% for people with 0 or 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 healthy lifestyle factors, respectively (
P
for trend <0.0001). Similar graded relationships were observed for each sex-race group (all
P
for trend <0.0001).

Conclusions—

Maintaining a healthy lifestyle throughout young adulthood is strongly associated with a low cardiovascular disease risk profile in middle age. Public health and individual efforts are needed to improve the adoption and maintenance of healthy lifestyles in young adults.
Sex Differences in the Contributions of Visceral and Total Body Fat to Blood Pressure in Adolescence
Authors: Pausova Zdenka , Mahboubi Amel , Abrahamowicz Michal , Leonard Gabriel T. , Perron Michel , Richer Louis , Veillette Suzanne , Gaudet Daniel , Paus Tomas
Published: January 2012

Excess body fat deposited viscerally rather than elsewhere in the body is associated with higher risk for hypertension; this relationship is stronger in men than in women. Here we investigated whether similar sex dimorphism exists already in adolescence. A population-based sample of adolescent boys (n=237) and girls (n=262), age 12 to 18 years, was studied. Total body fat (TBF) was assessed with multifrequency bioelectrical impedance, and visceral fat (VF) was quantified with MRI. Blood pressure (BP) was measured beat by beat during an hour-long protocol, including supine, standing, sitting, mental stress, and poststress sections. Multivariate mixed-model analysis was used to assess the relative contributions of TBF and VF to BP during these sections. In boys, BP was strongly positively associated with VF (
P
<0.0001), whereas it was less strongly and negatively associated with TBF (
P
=0.004); these relationships did not substantially vary during the protocol. In contrast, in girls, BP was strongly positively associated with TBF (
P
=0.0006), whereas it was not associated with VF (
P
=0.08); the relationship with TBF varied during the protocol and was most apparent during mental stress (TBF*section interaction:
P
=0.002). Furthermore, when waist circumference was included in multivariate models instead of VF, it was not associated with BP in either sex; this indicates that waist circumference may not be an appropriate surrogate for VF. Thus, in adolescence, adiposity-related BP elevation is driven mainly by visceral fat in males and by fat deposited elsewhere in females. This dimorphism suggests sex-specific mechanisms of obesity-induced hypertension and the need for sex-specific criteria of its prevention.
Data Assimilation within the Advanced Circulation (ADCIRC) Modeling Framework for Hurricane Storm Surge Forecasting
Authors: Butler T. , Altaf M. U. , Dawson C. , Hoteit I. , Luo X. , Mayo T.
Published: January 2012

Accurate, real-time forecasting of coastal inundation due to hurricanes and tropical storms is a challenging computational problem requiring high-fidelity forward models of currents and water levels driven by hurricane-force winds. Despite best efforts in computational modeling there will always be uncertainty in storm surge forecasts. In recent years, there has been significant instrumentation located along the coastal United States for the purpose of collecting data—specifically wind, water levels, and wave heights—during these extreme events. This type of data, if available in real time, could be used in a data assimilation framework to improve hurricane storm surge forecasts. In this paper a data assimilation methodology for storm surge forecasting based on the use of ensemble Kalman filters and the advanced circulation (ADCIRC) storm surge model is described. The singular evolutive interpolated Kalman (SEIK) filter has been shown to be effective at producing accurate results for ocean models using small ensemble sizes initialized by an empirical orthogonal function analysis. The SEIK filter is applied to the ADCIRC model to improve storm surge forecasting, particularly in capturing maximum water levels (high water marks) and the timing of the surge. Two test cases of data obtained from hindcast studies of Hurricanes Ike and Katrina are presented. It is shown that a modified SEIK filter with an inflation factor improves the accuracy of coarse-resolution forecasts of storm surge resulting from hurricanes. Furthermore, the SEIK filter requires only modest computational resources to obtain more accurate forecasts of storm surge in a constrained time window where forecasters must interact with emergency responders.
Transcending Socialization
Authors: Michel Alexandra
Published: January 2012

A nine-year ethnography is used to show how two investment banks’ controls, including socialization, targeted bankers’ bodies, how the bankers’ relations to their bodies evolved, and what the organizational consequences were. The banks’ espoused and therefore visible values emphasized autonomy and work-life balance; their less visible embodied controls caused habitual overwork that bankers experienced as self-chosen. This paradoxical control caused conflict between bankers and their bodies, which bankers treated as unproblematic objects. The conflict generated dialectic change that cognitive control theories overlook because they neglect the body. Cognitive control theories predict outcomes only in bankers’ first three years, when the banks benefited from bankers’ hard work. Starting in year four, body breakdowns thwarted organizational control. Despite bankers’ increased attempts to control their bodies, performance declined. Starting in year six, intensified breakdowns forced some bankers to treat their bodies as knowledgeable subjects. Because the body cannot be socialized completely, it helped numerous bankers transcend the banks’ socialization and modify their behaviors. Surprisingly, the banks benefited from this loss of control because the bankers’ ethics, judgment, and creativity increased.
Hot Spots and Hot Moments in Scientific Collaborations and Social Movements
Authors: Parker John N. , Hackett Edward J.
Published: January 2012

Emotions are essential but little understood components of research; they catalyze and sustain creative scientific work and fuel the scientific and intellectual social movements (SIMs) that propel scientific change. Adopting a micro-sociological focus, we examine how emotions shape two intellectual processes central to all scientific work: conceiving creative ideas and managing skepticism. We illustrate these processes through a longitudinal study of the Resilience Alliance, a tightly networked coherent group collaborating at the center of a burgeoning scientific social movement in the environmental sciences. We show how emotions structured and were structured by the group’s growth and development, and how socio-emotive processes facilitated the rapid production of highly creative science and helped overcome skepticism by outsiders. Hot spots and hot moments—that is, brief but intense periods of collaboration undertaken in remote and isolated settings—fueled the group’s scientific performance and drove the SIM. Paradoxically, however, the same socio-emotive processes that ignited and sustained creative scientific research also made skepticism more likely to occur and more difficult to manage. Similarly, emotions and social bonding were essential for the group’s growth and development, but increased size and diversity have the potential to erode the affective culture that generated initial successes.
The Resident Decision-Making Process in Global Health Education
Authors: Castillo Jonathan , Castillo Heidi , Ayoub-Rodriguez Lisa , Jennings Jeanine E. , Jones Kareen , Oliver Sara , Schubert Charles J. , DeWitt Thomas
Published: January 2012

The globalization of pediatric graduate medical education is ongoing; thus, this study was conducted to begin to explore the nature of resident interest in global health (GH) training and to further identify potentially modifiable factors influencing participation in away rotations. The authors surveyed all residents at Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center to identify factors influencing participation in education efforts and away rotations. With a participation rate of 79.4% (n = 143), 5 key factors emerged as most significant in the decision-making process amid all participants. Among residents who had previous experience, 82.1% were interested in participating in an away elective compared with 58.3% of those without experience ( P = .002). Residents with previous experience abroad were also more likely to plan to integrate GH into their careers (61.7% vs 26.7%, P < .0001). This article describes specific obstacles to resident participation in GH education and documents the association between previous experience and significant interest in long-term involvement.
Presidents, Parties, and Referenda in Latin America
Authors: Durán-Martínez Angélica
Published: January 2012

Over the past two decades the use of referenda has spread throughout Latin America, and 39 referenda have taken place since 1990. For some observers, referenda can improve accountability, promote participation, and reduce corruption. For others, given the strong tradition of Latin American presidentialism, referenda can be manipulated by populist presidents attempting to bypass unpopular representative institutions such as congresses or to bolster their popularity. This article provides a more nuanced view of referenda, arguing that presidents cannot always manipulate referenda to increase their power. The effect of referenda on executive power varies depending on the scope of the referenda, that is, whether they aim at institutional change or, alternatively, at policy change. Moreover, the agenda-setting process and the role of political parties in referenda campaigns also mediate the effect of referenda on executive power. Although referenda do not necessarily enhance executive power, the risks of presidential manipulation are strong, and thus referenda should be carried out taking sufficient precautions.
Determination of true stress–true strain curves of polymers at various strain rates using force equilibrium grid method
Authors: Park Chunghee , Huh Hoon , Kim Jinsung , Ahn Changnam
Published: January 2012

This article is concerned with the tensile characteristics of polymers at various strain rates. Tensile characteristics at the high strain rate are important in the prediction of deformation modes of polymeric components which undergo high-speed deformation during car crashes. Uniaxial tensile tests at strain rates ranging from 0.001 to 100 s−1 were conducted using a tensile testing machine (INSTRON 5583) and developed high-speed material testing machine. Since the deformation of polymers is accompanied by localized deformation and a conventional extensometry method is no longer valid for strain measurement, a force equilibrium grid method (FEGM) is newly proposed to acquire accurate true stress–true strain curves of polymers. FEGM is utilized with images of the non-uniform distribution of deformation at each elongation stage captured by a high-speed camera in combination with a grid method. The relation between true stress and true strain at the desired strain rate and increment was determined by collecting the load data from the equilibrium and deformation images.
Dynamic modeling for rate-dependent and mode-dependent cohesive interface failure analysis
Authors: Karkkainen Ryan L , Yen Chian-Fong
Published: January 2012

Accurate modeling of interface failure represents an important consideration for analysis cases such as adhesive bonds or phase interface failure of inhomogeneous materials. In the current work, a cohesive element based model for interface failure has been developed in the context of a butterfly-type Hopkinson Bar interface specimen. Simulation has enabled insight into the dynamic in-situ stress state and crack growth under impact for property determination and test specimen evaluation. A failure criterion has been successfully employed and agrees closely with experimental results at multiple strain rates. Strain rate effects and fracture mode effects are implemented to modify the allowable strain to failure at the interface. Calculated fracture toughness values and crack propagation rates have compared closely to published experimental results at multiple strain rates. An analytical parametric evaluation of the interface failure model has been performed to illustrate the relative importance of material properties and failure behavior.
Studies on woven century fiber polyester composites
Authors: Reddy K Raja Narender , Rao DKN , Rao K Gopala Kishan , Kar Kamal K
Published: January 2012

Treated and untreated woven century fiber (CF) composites are investigated for evaluating their flexural, tensile, and impact strengths, Barcol hardness, glass transition temperature, thermal resistance, and water absorption properties. Scanning electron microscopy study revealed a brittle fracture for treated fiber composite, while significant fiber pull-out is observed for the untreated fiber composite. Higher tensile and hardness properties, higher glass transition and thermal decomposition temperatures, and low water absorption properties are obtained for alkaline-treated composites. Enhanced interface bonding due to improved adhesion has helped in the formation of covalent bonds at the fiber–matrix interface, resulting in superior tensile, thermal, and water absorption properties of the treated fiber composite. Flexural and impact properties are higher for untreated fiber composite. This is due to the weak fiber–matrix interface and a differential strain in fiber and matrix. The weak interface has provided an energy absorbing mechanism and enhanced the impact energy absorption capacity. The tensile strength of CF composite is very much comparable with that of sisal fiber composite. The tensile and flexural properties are higher for the woven CF composites than those of short CF composites. But the impact properties are superior for short fiber composites compared to the woven fiber composites. Increased number of interfaces for the short fiber composites has contributed for the cushioning effect and an enhanced energy absorbing mechanism. Water absorption properties have improved for the treated fiber composites due to formation of a strong interface.
Percolation threshold study of a plastic–elastomeric matrix based composite material for bipolar plates in proton exchange membrane fuel cells
Authors: Petrach Elaine , Abu-Isa Ismat , Wang Xia
Published: January 2012

Bipolar plate materials play an important role in designing a cost-effective fuel cell. This research aims to develop a polymer matrix based composite bipolar plate material for proton exchange membrane fuel cells. The polymers investigated are a vinyl ester resin (VER) and two elastomers including polyurethane (PU) and ethylene–propylene–diene monomer (EPDM). The VER alone and the blend of VER with either PU or EPDM makes the one-phase, one-phase blend, or two-phase blend matrices. These matrices will be incorporated within the conductive fillers including Cytec DKD carbon fiber (DKD), Asbury synthetic graphite grade 4012 flake (4012), and grade TC 307 high-surface flake (307). A percolation threshold study was conducted and two-phase blend matrix can achieve lower percolation thresholds. The composite material with 65 vol.% of two-phase bend matrix (60 vol.% VER and 40 vol.% EPDM), and 35 vol.% of conductive fillers (21 vol.% DKD, 5 vol.% 4012 and 9 vol.% 307) is found to have low electrical properties with improved mechanical properties.
Application of the laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy method in the analysis of carbon and titanium in textile structures
Authors: Prusova Maria , Wiener Jakub
Published: January 2012

Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a serious method for the chemical analysis of solids. Utilizing the LIBS method we can estimate more than 60 chemical elements.This study presents the measuring accuracy technique in analysis of real textile structure. Concentrations of carbon and titanium in textile fibres were observed at polyester fibres in woven structure. The influence of textile structure and quantity of pulses is observed and discussed.
Internet surfing for kindergarten children
Authors: Loo Alfred
Published: January 2012

The Internet is an effective learning tool for gifted children because it allows them to independently select the areas in which they have talent. The Internet also enables children to discover and maximize their potential. However, younger children might not have a large enough vocabulary to surf the Internet, even if they are gifted. For example, children who are creatively gifted might not have exceptional reading ability. To solve this problem, a special web browser was used to generate human speech according to the words that appeared on the web pages displayed. Experiments involving about 100 kindergarteners were conducted to assess the effectiveness of our approach. This paper demonstrates the feasibility of this web browser in enabling kindergarten children aged 3–6 years old to surf the Internet.
Preparing Speech Language Pathology Students to Work in Early Childhood
Authors: Barton Erin E. , Moore Heather W. , Squires Jane K.
Published: January 2012

The shortage of highly qualified speech language pathologists (SLPs) with specialized training in early intervention and early childhood special education (EI/ECSE) is a pressing issue facing the field and dramatically impacts young children’s social and academic success. SLP personnel preparation programs focused on training specialists in EI/ECSE are crucial to building a highly qualified workforce to meet the needs of young children with disabilities and their families. The purpose of this manuscript is to describe the design and implementation of one such program. The guiding principles, competencies, and practica experiences of this federally funded program are illustrated. Outcomes are delineated in terms of student competencies, feasibility of implementing an early childhood specialization within an SLP graduate program, and the impact on the local community and EI/ECSE workforce.
From Ariṭh to Rādhākund
Authors: Habib Irfan
Published: January 2012

The collections of documents preserved by the temples of Vrindavan and Jaipur and by private individuals have been used to trace the history of a village in Mathura district from the earlier part of the sixteenth to the earlier part of the eighteenth century. The information gathered relates mainly to issues of land control and changes in composition of village population, as the village turned more and more into a holy place for Vaishnavites in Mughal times.
Abnormal Myelination in Ring Chromosome 18 Syndrome
Authors: Benini Ruba , Saint-Martin Christine , Shevell Michael I. , Bernard Genevieve
Published: January 2012

Partial deletion of genetic material from the long arm of chromosome 18 results in a syndrome with multisystemic involvement, including dysmorphic features, intellectual disability, cardiac malformations, endocrine abnormalities, immunodeficiency, musculoskeletal deformities, and variable neurologic manifestations. Hypomyelination has been reported in patients with chromosome 18q- and postulated to be secondary to deletion of the gene coding for myelin basic protein found at 18q23. Little however is reported on cerebral anomalies seen in patients with ring chromosome 18, an analogous syndrome but with expectedly more severe phenotype secondary to the combined deletions of genetic material from both the short (p-) and long arm (q-) of chromosome 18. We are reporting a case of a girl with ring chromosome 18 and deletions involving 18p11.32-18p11.21 and 18q21.31-18q23. The abnormalities observed on magnetic resonance imaging are discussed with a specific focus on the evolution and significance of associated white matter changes.
Computerized Neuropsychological Testing to Rapidly Evaluate Cognition in Pediatric Patients With Neurologic Disorders
Authors: Brooks Brian L. , Sherman Elisabeth M. S.
Published: January 2012

Computerized neuropsychological tests represent a viable method for rapidly screening cognition. The purpose of this study was to explore performance on the CNS Vital Signs in a large pediatric neurology sample. Participants included 166 neurology patients (mean age, 13.0 years; standard deviation, 3.2) and 281 controls (mean age, 13.2 years; standard deviation, 3.2) between 7 and 19 years. The neurology sample performed significantly worse on all domain scores and nearly all subtest scores. Cohen d effect sizes were small to medium for verbal memory ( d= 0.44), visual memory ( d= 0.40), and reaction time ( d= 0.48) and very large for psychomotor speed ( d= 1.19), complex attention ( d = 0.94), cognitive flexibility ( d = 0.94), and the overall composite score ( d = 1.08). Using the criterion for cognitive impairment of 2 or more scores ≤5th percentile, 36.6% of the neurology sample was identified as having an uncommon cognitive profile. This is the first study to demonstrate the performance of pediatric patients with neurologic disorders on CNS Vital Signs.
Reconciling Academic Objectivity and Subjective Trauma:The Double Consciousness of Sociologists who Experienced Hurricane Katrina
Authors: Haney Timothy J. , Barber Kristen
Published: January 2012

This paper utilizes Du Bois’ double consciousness, as well as insights from feminist theory and critical pedagogy, to examine the tensions involved in being both a professional sociologist and a New Orleanian affected by Hurricane Katrina. We argue that sociologists from New Orleans face barriers that prevent us from writing and teaching about Katrina ‘objectively’, as many in our discipline demand, while simultaneously discouraging us from engaging in research and teaching that draw on personal experiences with Katrina. We are told by reviewers, editors, and colleagues that our experiences, construed as biases, are inappropriate for our writing and our classrooms. We contend that much important knowledge about Hurricane Katrina will never be created, and the knowledge that is created will be largely written and taught by those who did not experience the storm first-hand. This paper reconciles two conflicted consciousnesses by deconstructing the situation encountered by sociologists from New Orleans.
Effect of base metal anisotropy on the spot weld characteristics of interstitial free steels
Authors: Hariharan Krishnaswamy , Balachandran Gnanaprakasam
Published: January 2012

An isotropic weld nugget is generally assumed in modelling spot weld behaviour. The present investigation is aimed at understanding the influence of anisotropy of base metal in the characteristics of the spot weld. The spot welding experiments were carried out on specimens along three different orientations with respect to rolling direction. The spot weld section is analysed and the influence of the base metal anisotropy on the microstructure and hardness profile was established. Lap-shear tensile testing was carried out to establish the influence of anisotropy in the weld failure strength. It has been inferred that the base metal anisotropy has considerable influence on the width and hardness of the heat affected zone. The base metal anisotropy also influences the weld failure strength. The variation of weld strength with orientation correlates well with the base metal monotonic strength. An anisotropic constitutive equation is used to predict the variation of weld strength with orientation. The theoretical prediction correlates with the experimental data.
Application of different strategies of partitioned fluid–structure interaction simulation for a single-blade pump impeller
Authors: Pei J , Benra F-K , Dohmen HJ
Published: January 2012

In this article, the one-way and two-way coupling strategies are used, respectively, for partitioned fluid–structure interaction simulation to numerically investigate the hydrodynamic force and vibration of single-blade pump impeller at design and off-design conditions, and the effect of mesh resolution on the two-way coupling results is also considered. The comparison analysis of the calculated results with different strategies, involving aspects of amplitude and phase, has been carried out. In addition, the simulated impeller deflection results are also compared with experimental results by proximity sensors. The analysis of the results show that for different mesh resolutions, the amplitude of deflection with fine mesh is bigger than that with coarse mesh for almost all the operational conditions, and the phase differences can be clearly found for part-load conditions. The amplitude of hydrodynamic force calculated with coarse mesh is smaller than that is calculated with fine mesh in almost all quadrants for each flow rate, except the first quadrant for Q = 11 L/s. Furthermore, the amplitude of deflection calculated by two-way coupling strategy is bigger than that is calculated by one-way coupling strategy in certain quadrants for each flow rate, and the phase results have a good agreement for different coupling strategies. The amplitude of hydrodynamic force calculated by one-way coupling is just slightly smaller, and the phase difference can only be observed for Q = 42 L/s and Q = 11 L/s conditions.
Significance tests as sorcery: Science is empirical—significance tests are not
Authors: Lambdin Charles
Published: January 2012

Since the 1930s, many of our top methodologists have argued that significance tests are not conducive to science. Bakan (1966) believed that “everyone knows this” and that we slavishly lean on the crutch of significance testing because, if we didn’t, much of psychology would simply fall apart. If he was right, then significance testing is tantamount to psychology’s “dirty little secret.” This paper will revisit and summarize the arguments of those who have been trying to tell us—for more than 70 years—that p values are not empirical. If these arguments are sound, then the continuing popularity of significance tests in our peer-reviewed journals is at best embarrassing and at worst intellectually dishonest.
Risky Decisions
Authors: Huber Oswald
Published: January 2012

Decision behavior in realistic risky scenarios is quite different from that in gambles: Decision makers in the former are less interested in probability information than they are in the latter. Instead, they often attempt to actively manipulate the risk in an otherwise attractive alternative using a risk-defusing operator (RDO). An RDO is an action intended by the decision maker to be performed in addition to the risky but otherwise attractive alternative, and it is expected to decrease the risk (e.g., vaccination, insurance). The search for an RDO and the incorporation of a detected RDO into the alternative cannot be modeled with classical decision theories or heuristics. In this article I present risk-management-decision theory, which describes the decision process with and without RDOs, and give an overview about experimental research with RDOs. I discuss the consequences of the RDO concept for theories of decision behavior.
GLOMOsys
Authors: Förster Jens
Published: January 2012

GLOMOsys (the global vs. local processing model, a systems account) includes predictions about cognitive mechanisms (the how) and functionalities (the why) of two processing systems: one that processes information holistically and one that processes the parts. GLOMOsys suggests that global versus local perceptual processing carries over to other perceptual and conceptual tasks; it summarizes antecedents of global/local processing; and it proposes that global processing is functional for understanding the general meaning of novel events, whereas local processing supports encoding of details in familiar situations and when novel events are threatening.
Motivational Salience
Authors: Cunningham William A. , Brosch Tobias
Published: January 2012

Based on a basic emotions perspective, a dominant view in psychology is that the primary function of the amygdala is to govern the emotion of fear. In this view, the amygdala is necessary for a person to feel afraid, and when amygdala activity is detected, one can infer that a person is feeling afraid or threatened. In this paper, we review current research on amygdala function that calls into question this threat-specific view and propose a more general view of amygdala functioning based on appraisal theory and psychological constructivism. Specifically, we examine the hypothesis that the amygdala is involved in processing stimulus relevance for the goals and motivations of the perceiver. Thus, although threatening stimuli are almost always considered a relevant stimulus, novel, ambiguous, and extremely positive stimuli can also be relevant for different people in different situations. Once deemed relevant, the amygdala guides processing to orchestrate an appropriate response.
Protecting the NFL/ militarizing the homeland: Citizen soldiers and urban resilience in post-9/11 America
Authors: Schimmel Kimberly S
Published: January 2012

In this article I focus on intersections between the National Football League’s (NFL) security practices and the US Department of Homeland Security’s (DHS) counter-terrorism agenda, including new policies and legal structures that support pre-emption, protection, and preparation activities that manage and mitigate the effects of terrorist attacks. As I will argue, the intensifying and mutually supportive relationship between the NFL and the various forces employed to keep it safe is both unique in US sports and implies the militarization of football fans in somewhat unexpected ways. I will argue that the security strategies of the US government and those of the NFL are mutually beneficial in ways that help secure the NFL’s position and profitability and, more importantly, help implement and secure consensus for the US Department of Homeland Security’s continued ‘war on terror’. Coaffee’s recent work on urban resilience in the UK (Coaffee, 2009; Coaffee and Wood, 2006) contends that in the present historical moment, ‘security is becoming more civic, urban, domestic, and personal’ (Coaffee, 2009: 9). How, if at all, does resilience play out in the context of anti-terrorism policy in post-9/11 America? How, if at all, does US professional football articulate with that policy? These are two key questions I intend to address during the course of this article.
A New Method for Selecting the Best Design
Authors: Benden Mark E. , Miller Kristen , Wilke Eric , Ibarra Eduardo
Published: January 2012

In this article the authors illustrate how individual expert ratings can be employed to prioritize specifications for use in forced rankings. Those rankings are then used to select a design with the best overall usability. The authors provide an example of this approach in the selection of a medical transport vehicle seat to produce a more ergonomic product that could improve patient outcomes and driver safety.
Listen to Your Heart? Calling and Receptivity to Career Advice
Authors: Dobrow Shoshana R. , Tosti-Kharas Jennifer
Published: January 2012

This study explores calling in the context of career decision making. Specifically, the authors examine receptivity to advice that discourages individuals from pursuing a professional path in their calling’s domain. The authors hypothesize that people with a strong calling will be more likely to ignore negative career advice. In Study 1, a four-wave, 7-year longitudinal study following 450 amateur musicians across career stages, the regression analyses showed that those with a stronger calling toward music reported being more willing to ignore the discouraging career-related advice of a trusted mentor. These results held over time, such that an early calling predicted the degree to which young people were willing to ignore career advice equally strongly 6 weeks, 3½ years, and 7 years later. In Study 2, the authors replicated these findings in a cross-sectional study of 131 business students. The authors discuss the implications for research on calling, as well as for counseling strong-calling individuals.
From One Summit to Another
Authors: Alonso Angela , Favareto Arilson
Published: January 2012

This article approaches the changes in the Brazilian political and social landscape from Rio-92 to Rio-2012, focusing in how the Brazilian environmental movement went through a process of professionalization and specialization around forest issues, in disregard of urban and social issues. Because of that its capacity of promoting huge public demonstration in alliance with other social movements during Rio-2012 declined. Besides, the article wonders if the Rio 2012 will find room to push the public debate for green policies in a context of international economical crisis.
Segmenting indigenous tourists from a serious leisure perspective
Authors: Tsung-Chiung Wu , Chyong-Ru Liu , Wan-chen Yu
Published: January 2012

Cultural resources are the essence of indigenous tourism. Tourist’s sincere attitudes toward indigenous culture are critical to successfully manage and develop indigenous tourism. This study proposes examining the seriousness of tourists toward indigenous tourism to better explore the distinguishing and meaningful subgroups of indigenous tourists. Based on the ‘serious leisure perspectives’ (SLPs), this study first developed a measurement of seriousness toward indigenous tourism and applied it to further segmentation analysis. Study results indicate that indigenous tourists can be divided into three segments: ‘expert’, who are driven by a serious leisure interest (indigenous culture); ‘interested’, who are curious about indigenous appeals; and ‘apathetic’ type, who are not interested in aboriginal culture at all. These three segments differ significantly in terms of marital status, travel motives, and preferences for culture-based tourism product. Managerial implications are drawn based on the nature of SIT and their differences among segments. Finally, this study discusses the application of SLP to indigenous tourism.
Experience economy constructs as a framework for understanding wine tourism
Authors: Quadri-Felitti Donna , Fiore Ann Marie
Published: January 2012

Global growth in wine tourism mirrors that of wine consumption and rural tourism. Existing research reveals that wine tourists look for dining, shopping, and cultural and recreational activities along with authentic (e.g. reflecting local elements, unique events) products and experiences. This suggests the importance of hedonic and experiential consumption theories, which have been recently referenced in wine tourism literature. The present study proposes utilization of pertinent constructs of the experience economy model to explain the experiential nature of wine tourism. Evidence from wine tourism literature in support of this proposition is presented. This proposed framework advances the emergent theory in experiential consumption and wine tourism with a comprehensive approach that may be applied to wine tourism geographies in varying stages of development. Consequently, this examination of these associations promises new theoretical directions for wine tourism and contemporary applications for managers.
The queer fool
Authors: Head Al
Published: January 2012

This is my vision of Queer, and it connects very closely with my vision of The Fool.
Notes on a proto-queer Rachilde: Decadence, deviance and (reverse) discourse in La Marquise de Sade
Authors: Downing Lisa
Published: January 2012

This article explores new ways in which the French female Decadent writer Rachilde (Marguerite Eymery Vallette, 1860–1953) may be profitably viewed as a ‘proto-queer’ writer. While previous published works argue for Rachilde as ‘proto-queer’ primarily by analysing her games with gendered language and gender inversion, this article contends that Rachilde's deployment of discourses of sexual perversion against the ideological grain places her writing into a queer genealogy. The argument is developed via a close reading of Rachilde's novel of 1887, La Marquise de Sade. Her use of female death-driven perversion as a strategy of anti-social critique in this novel can be productively read alongside recent queer criticisms of reproductive futurism such as those by Lee Edelman.
Friend, not foe: Mill’s liberal multiculturalism
Authors: Misra Shefali
Published: January 2012

Mill is commonly dismissed as being hostile to multiculturalism. A review of some existing interpretations and an exploration of some overlooked aspects of his thought shows this to be a mistake. He is alleged to devalue lives not dedicated to the pursuit of individual autonomy: in fact he is a liberal communitarian. Other, legitimate, critiques point to his cultural imperialism. Many allege, mistakenly, that he is a proponent of national homogeneity. Yet Mill remains largely misunderstood with regard to multiculturalism. His focus on individual self-perfection is a strong aid, not impediment, to a distinctly liberal multiculturalism, because inherently value pluralist. His scepticism about the power of human cognition precludes dogmatism about primary personal values. His alleged support of national homogeneity demonstrates an acknowledgement of individuals’ particularistic attachments without supporting nationalist parochialism. By doing justice both to individuals’ instinct of particularity and their potential for cosmopolitanism, it fosters rather than undermines liberal multiculturalism.
Guns, Butter, and Human Rights—The Congressional Politics of U.S. Aid to Egypt
Authors: Berger Lars
Published: January 2012

In February 2011, the dramatic ouster of Hosni Mubarak threw into the spotlight the U.S. policy of granting generous and unconditional aid to the Egyptian regime at a time when the strategic rationale for such aid had become less obvious and calls for inserting human rights considerations into foreign aid allocations more prominent. Focusing on an unprecedented set of roll call votes taken in the U.S. House of Representatives during the years 2004 to 2007, this article offers the first quantitative assessment of the determinants of Congressional support for U.S. economic and military aid for Egypt. It challenges conventional wisdom on the limited role of campaign contributions in Congressional decision making by highlighting the central role of defense lobby contributions in maintaining the Congressional coalition that shielded Egypt’s prerevolutionary regime from increased U.S. pressure in the years leading up to its eventual demise.
Does It Cost More to Be a Female Offender? A Life-Course Study of Childhood Circumstances, Crime, Drug Abuse, and Living Conditions
Authors: Estrada Felipe , Nilsson Anders
Published: January 2012

In this article, we use a new and rich longitudinal data set, the Stockholm Birth Cohort Study, which allows us to follow a cohort of girls and boys until they reach 48 years of age. We study differences in the social background and adult living conditions among men and women with different experiences of involvement in crime. It is clear that the female cohort members who have been registered for crime have experienced more disadvantaged childhoods than the males registered for offending. The results also indicate that involvement in crime seems to cost more for females, in terms of social exclusion.
Early results of a new implant: 3.0 mm headless compression screw for scaphoid fracture fixation
Authors: Singisetti K. , Aldlyami E. , Middleton A.
Published: January 2012

There has been a considerable evolution of screws used for internal fixation of scaphoid fractures. We discuss here, early results of a recently introduced implant Synthes 3.0 mm headless compression screw used for scaphoid fracture fixation. Twenty eight patients with scaphoid fractures (five acute and 23 nonunions) were treated with internal fixation by this non-variable pitch screw over a period of 18 months. All nonunions had pedicle vascularized bone grafting. All five patients with acute scaphoid fracture fixation had radiological healing at a mean of 8 weeks. Fifteen of 23 scaphoid fracture nonunions showed definite signs and a further seven showed probable signs of radiological healing at a mean of 8 months. One nonunion has failed to unite after surgery.
Dead and Alive
Authors: Wood Michael J. , Douglas Karen M. , Sutton Robbie M.
Published: January 2012

Conspiracy theories can form a monological belief system: A self-sustaining worldview comprised of a network of mutually supportive beliefs. The present research shows that even mutually incompatible conspiracy theories are positively correlated in endorsement. In Study 1 ( n = 137), the more participants believed that Princess Diana faked her own death, the more they believed that she was murdered. In Study 2 ( n = 102), the more participants believed that Osama Bin Laden was already dead when U.S. special forces raided his compound in Pakistan, the more they believed he is still alive. Hierarchical regression models showed that mutually incompatible conspiracy theories are positively associated because both are associated with the view that the authorities are engaged in a cover-up (Study 2). The monological nature of conspiracy belief appears to be driven not by conspiracy theories directly supporting one another but by broader beliefs supporting conspiracy theories in general.