bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tratamiento actual de la hepatitis C en Colombia
Authors: Marín-Zuluaga Juan Ignacio , Díaz-Ramírez Gabriel Sebastián
Published: May 2021

La infección por el virus de hepatitis C (VHC) es una epidemia global que afecta a 71 millones de personas. El diagnóstico inicial se hace mediante la detección de anticuerpos contra el VHC, que luego requiere una prueba confirmatoria molecular, debido a que la determinación de anticuerpos no diferencia los individuos que tienen una infección activa, de aquellos con una infección resuelta y sin viremia. El objetivo del tratamiento de la infección crónica por VHC es curar la enfermedad, lo que se determina cuando se logra una respuesta viral sostenida; es decir, cuando no se detecta carga viral 12 semanas o más después de terminada la terapia. Para un tratamiento óptimo de la infección y alcanzar la curación, se recomienda evaluar previamente de manera no invasiva el estadio de fibrosis, y garantizar la adherencia durante todo el tiempo de tratamiento. En la presente revisión se incluyen las recomendaciones para el tratamiento de la infección crónica por VHC, según el genotipo viral, basadas en los medicamentos disponibles en nuestro medio y en los que próximamente estarán llegando al país.
Caracterización, manejo y pronóstico de una cohorte de pacientes cirróticos con carcinoma hepatocelular. Hospital Pablo Tobón Uribe 2012-2018
Authors: Marín-Zuluaga Juan Ignacio , Vergara-Cadavid Juliana , Cajiao-Castro Liliana , Arroyave-Zuluaga Danny , Castro-Sánchez Susana , Ceballos-Ramírez Laura , Muñoz-Maya Octavio , Díaz-Ramírez Gabriel Sebastián
Published: May 2021

Introducción. El carcinoma hepatocelular (CHC) en los pacientes con cirrosis hepática es una indicación frecuente de trasplante de hígado y una causa de muerte por diagnóstico tardío. El objetivo de este estudio fue describir las características demográficas, clínicas y de laboratorio de pacientes con CHC sobre hígado cirrótico, así como el estadio al momento del diagnóstico, el manejo ofrecido y la supervivencia en función del estadio, según la clasificación BCLC. Metodología. Estudio observacional de cohorte retrospectiva que incluyó pacientes atendidos en un centro en Colombia entre el 1 de enero de 2012 y el 31 de diciembre de 2018, mayores de 18 años con hepatocarcinoma. La recolección de la información se realizó a partir de la revisión de historias clínicas. Para el análisis estadístico se utilizó SPSS versión 23.0. Resultados. En el estudio se incluyeron 219 pacientes con CHC y cirrosis hepática de base. El 58,9% fueron de sexo masculino y la mediana de edad fue de 65 años. La distribución etiológica de la cirrosis para alcohol, esteatohepatitis no alcohólica (NASH), criptogénica, infección por virus de la hepatitis B y C fue de 30,6%, 21,4%, 19,1%, 12,2% y 7,7%, respectivamente. El 49,3% tenían clasificación Child-Pugh A, el 37% B y el 13,7% C, al momento del diagnóstico. La clasificación del estadio BCLC se distribuyó así: 0=4 (1,8%), A=94 (42,9%), B=26 (11,9%), C=39 (17,8%) y D=56 (25,6%). La supervivencia, de acuerdo con la clasificación BCLC, fue para BCLC 0=60 meses, A=84,6 meses, B=28,7 meses, C=10,7 meses y para BCLC D=7 meses. Conclusión. A pesar de encontrarse una mejor supervivencia en esta serie, en comparación con la hallada en otra serie realizada en nuestro centro en 2009, y similar a lo reportado en el mundo, el diagnóstico tardío continúa siendo la principal causa de mortalidad en los pacientes con CHC.
Aspectos relevantes en hemocromatosis hereditaria
Authors: Regino-Agamez Carlos Andrés , Pacheco-Paternina Javier Enrique , Navarro-Beleño Kevin , Luján-Ramos Marco Antonio
Published: May 2021

La hemocromatosis hereditaria es una enfermedad que se caracteriza por la sobrecarga sistémica de hierro y se asocia a múltiples mutaciones genéticas que conducen a una producción inadecuadamente baja de la hormona hepcidina o a una alteración en la unión de la hepcidina a la ferroportina. Esto tiene como resultado un aumento de la absorción intestinal y el depósito de cantidades excesivas de hierro en las células, lo cual, a su vez, si no se corrige, genera daño tisular. La expresión clínica puede variar desde individuos completamente asintomáticos, hasta pacientes con cirrosis hepática a temprana edad, y eventualmente carcinoma hepatocelular. Habitualmente, el diagnóstico no es invasivo e incluye el examen clínico, la evaluación de los parámetros de hierro plasmático, imágenes y pruebas genéticas. El principal tratamiento es la flebotomía, pero terapias alternativas como la suplementación con hepcidina son un tema de investigación actual.
Tamización para el virus de la hepatitis C en tres hospitales de Cundinamarca, Colombia
Authors: Garzón-Olarte Martín , Martínez-Marín Julián David , Rey-Tovar Mario Humberto , Cabra-Ballesteros Angela L.
Published: May 2021

Introducción. La infección por el virus de la hepatitis C (VHC) es un problema de salud pública en el mundo. La Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) calcula en más de 70 a 100 millones las personas infectadas. La mayoría de ellas, a lo largo del mundo entero, no han sido diagnosticadas y permanecen sin tratamiento. Objetivo. Determinar la prevalencia de anticuerpos contra el VHC en pacientes con factores de riesgo para la infección, en tres hospitales del departamento de Cundinamarca, Colombia, mediante la prueba rápida SD Bioline en sangre capilar, y la confirmación de la infección por la prueba de ARN-PCR en tiempo real (PCR-RT). Metodología. Estudio de tipo observacional descriptivo donde se incluyeron pacientes adultos atendidos en los servicios de consulta externa de los hospitales de La Mesa, Ubaté y Zipaquirá. Se definieron como factores de riesgo para hepatitis C: antecedente transfusional antes de 1996, cirugías mayores (tórax, abdomen, ortopédicas), tatuajes, piercing. Se empleó como prueba rápida el kit comercial SD Bioline HCV (Standard Diagnostics, INC. Corea). Esta prueba contiene una membrana recubierta con antígenos recombinantes del VHC (core, NS3, NS4, NS5). Resultados. Entre enero y octubre de 2018 se tamizaron 1.856 pacientes, 1.531 mujeres (82%) y 325 (18%) hombres, con edad promedio de 45 años y rango de edad de 18 a 89 años. Los principales factores de riesgo identificados fueron los antecedentes de cirugía y las transfusiones antes de 1996. Se detectaron 2 pacientes mujeres positivas, mayores de 50 años, y como factor de riesgo el haber sido sometidas a cirugía mayor y el antecedente transfusional antes de 1996, confirmadas por la técnica de PCR-RT, lo que da una prevalencia global de la infección del 0,1%, pero del 0,05% en las personas con antecedente quirúrgico, 0,25% entre los mayores de 50 años, y 0,6% en los pacientes con antecedente transfusional antes de 1996. Conclusiones. Este estudio realizado en una población seleccionada por factores de riesgo asociados, mostró una prevalencia global de infección por VHC de 0,1%. Nuestros resultados de tamización con prueba rápida en una población seleccionada con factores de riesgo, sugieren que la estrategia de tamización se debe dirigir a personas mayores de 50 años con antecedente transfusional y cirugía mayor.
On Lexical Phonology of Zubairi Arabic
Authors: Al-Basri Majid Abdulatif
Published: May 2021

As its name implies, Lexical Phonology (LP) is a two-sided discipline which is very much pervasive and of a priority for particular interest. It is basically a matter of the systematic correlation of both morphology and phonology as a preliminary to screening endless items and senses. Once postulated and covered with its linguistically theoretical frames, LP has proved attractive, useful and handful in that it turns up so often in such topics as lexical items with their phonological configurations and words with their stratum-based designs. The present paper is a painstaking scrutiny of how LP is thoroughly worked out to demarcate the lexical and phonological boundaries of Zubairi Arabic lexical items with a special reference to the linguistic behavior of affix attachments. It is no doubt a massive task – it is armed with such and such amount of systematization and provided with certain 'harmless looking terms and expressions that are frequently used. In attempt to focus on this point of interaction between phonology and morphology, the paper adopts the line of reasoning that is primarily based on a tabulated description and analysis of examples so as to serve the purposes of setting some comparisons, showing certain contrasts or governing particular rules of applications as far as Zubairi words and expressions are concerned. Among many results the paper has reached is evidently the one that the structure of Zubairi Arabic lexical items is the empirical "container" in which both phonological and morphological lines of representation are sometimes crossed very sharply or sometimes paralleled very endlessly whereby their blurriness may be relative and variable.
Toy Gods
Authors: Hellman Jesse M.
Published: May 2021

The feminist concerns of the group of artists and socialists in which Shaw was an active voice were expressed in numerous ways. Wilhelmina Stirling in 1904 published a novel, Toy Gods, virtually unknown today, which has plot elements similar to those of Pygmalion. As she and her family, which included Pre-Raphaelite artists and writers, were themselves in society and experienced its constraints, her observations are particularly relevant. Her novel illuminates the social and feminist concerns so important to Shaw, in particular those expressed by Eliza when she told Higgins, “I only want to be natural.” Written by Mary De Morgan (Stirling's sister Evelyn's sister-in-law), the fairy tale “A Toy Princess” further expresses these concerns. The romanticization of Shaw's play is discussed in the context of these issues.
Female Faust in Pygmalion
Authors: Jung Hyun-Kyu
Published: May 2021

Of the various motifs that have influenced Bernard Shaw's Pygmalion, the myth of Pygmalion, the fairytale Cinderella, and Mary Shelley's Frankenstein are frequently mentioned, while Goethe's Faust also crops up sporadically. This study seeks to verify that the correlation between Pygmalion and Faust is not simply compositional and confirm that Shaw not only was influenced by various favorite operas (which use Part 1 of Faust as a major plot) but also had Faust in mind (including Part 2) in the overall structure, as evidenced in this study through an analysis of specific scenes.
Utopia as a Cosmopolitan Method in Alfonso Cuarón's Children of Men
Authors: Martín Mónica
Published: May 2021

This article analyzes Alfonso Cuarón's Children of Men as an illustrative contemporary example of cinematic cosmopolitan utopianism. Departing from the anti-utopian bias that pervaded modes of being, cultural texts and sociology in the late twentieth century, the film rearticulates utopia as a cosmopolitan method necessary to transform nonsustainable paradigms of progress and individualist worldviews. Against an apocalyptic eco-social backdrop, the evolution of the narrative and the protagonists conveys a stressed sense of directionality forward and elsewhere in search of hope. The film's use of spaces and formal choices argues against social exclusion and bigotry, prompting viewers to expand their utopian horizons outside the borders of the national. Daring to envision the end of dystopia, the film ultimately hopes for a cosmopolitan remapping of the global beyond the frameworks provided by anti-utopia, nation, risk and neoliberalism.
What Determines Student Satisfaction in an E-learning Environment? A Comprehensive Literature Review of Key Success Factors
Authors: James Phillip C.
Published: May 2021

COVID-19 has significantly changed the teaching-learning process and it may indeed be a permanent change. Schools, colleges and universities have had to switch to remote/e-learning in an attempt to continue their operations during the pandemic. Institutions have struggled to identify the key success factors necessary for effective e-learning. While there have been some studies that have identified a few key factors, there has not been a comprehensive review of the key success factors for effective e-learning. This paper fills that gap by presenting a detailed examination of the critical success factors required for effective e-learning. The results show that success in e-learning is a complex combination of key factors such as institutional/administrative support, systems configuration and technical design, the level of computer skills among learners, learners’ interpersonal behavior, e-learning readiness, learner motivation, computer anxiety, self-efficacy, instructors’ characteristics, environmental factors and the demand it imposes on learners of varying age and cognitive maturity.
QUATERNION HOMOLOGY OF BANACH SPACE
Authors: GOUDA Y. GH. , ALAA H. N.
Published: May 2021

In this article we are concerned with the quaternion Banach spaces and their homology. We obtain the relation between the quaternion and the dihedral homology for a unital involutive Banach algebra.
Personnel Factors of Corporate Internal Auditing on the Contemporary Microeconomics Environment in the United States
Authors: Gaines Victor W , Kasztelnik Karina
Published: May 2021

The purpose of this quantitative, correlational research was to examine to what extent the personnel factors of internal auditing departments predict the control environment within the public sector. Using the 2013 COSO Internal Control-Integrated Framework as the theoretical framework, we addressed the extent to which the internal audit staffing size per engagement, professional development, and auditing experience of auditors predict the overall control environment and each of the five components of COSO. The results of six multiple linear regression models showed no statistically significant with the exception between professional development and Principle 4 - Recruitment. A nonparametric Kendall’s tau-b correlation analysis revealed a significant relationship between professional development and Principle 4 Recruitment, τb = 0.388, p = 0.030. The results of this study may contribute to the positive global economy change by bringing into focus the role of auditing and its positive impact on the worldwide public auditing policy.
Examination of the Relationship between Derivative Financial Instruments and the Economic Development of Lithuania
Authors: Garskaite-Milvydiene Kristina , Martinkute-Kauliene Raimonda
Published: May 2021

Derivative financial instruments play a major role in financial markets. However, there are rather contradictory views regarding this issue. Their impact on the financial markets, their stability and the economy have not been thoroughly examined. The aim of this paper is to analyse derivatives and the economic situation in the country and to investigate the relationship between the derivatives and the macroeconomic factors which have the greatest impact on the volume of the derivatives. The paper analyses derivatives statistics and macroeconomic indicators in Lithuania. As a result, the relationship between the derivatives and the country’s macroeconomic indicators is examined by identifying the most significant factors, as the structure and volume of derivatives in different markets may be determined by different macroeconomic factors. The performed analysis and estimation have shown that foreign direct investment has the largest impact on the derivatives, their volume and structure, and average earnings have the least impact.
RevEngE: Extensões de Engenharia Reversa para o GDB
Authors: Botacin Marcus , Galante Lucas , De Geus Paulo , Grégio André
Published: May 2021

A engenharia reversa de binários é uma tarefa essencial no campo da segurança, tanto para a validação de aplicações legítimas quanto para a análise de códigos maliciosos. Ainda que o GDB seja uma solução poderosa para a análise de aplicações benignas, este apresenta limitações para lidar com aplicações maliciosas especialmente desenvolvidas para impedir a engenharia reversa. Para superar estas limitações, propomos RevEngE, um motor de engenharia reversa que adiciona capacidades de análise de malware ao GDB.
Lince: Uma Ferramenta para Ofuscação Automática de Textos em Português
Authors: Franco Antônio , Oliveira Leonardo
Published: May 2021

Atualmente existem diversas abordagens que fornecem anonimato na Internet. No entanto, usuários anônimos ainda podem ser identiﬁcados pelo seu estilo de escrita. Com o avanço das pesquisas em redes neurais e processamento de linguagem natural, a chance de sucesso de um classiﬁcador identiﬁcar corretamente o autor de um texto tem crescido cada vez mais. Por outro lado, novas abordagens que utilizam redes neurais para geração automática de textos ofuscados também têm surgido para combater os adversários do anonimato na Internet. Neste trabalho, nós apresentamos Lince, uma ferramenta que implementa duas abordagens do estado da arte baseadas em aprendizado de máquina para ofuscação de textos.
Uma Avaliação das plataformas de denúncia de Phishing: uma análise da plataforma PhishTank
Authors: Teixeira Lucas , Da Silva Carlo
Published: May 2021

This article addresses some of the bottlenecks in major phishing reporting platforms. The purpose of the proposal is to evaluate behaviors present in the repositories of these platforms that may justify obstacles such as the plataform incident response and blacklist maintenance. As a result, in addition to the quantitative data, the study also performed a qualitative analysis of the behaviors. Given this, it is expected that the results obtained will reﬂect on this anti-phishing approach.
PhishKiller: Uma Ferramenta para Detecção e Mitigação de Ataques de Phishing Através de Técnicas de Deep Learning
Authors: Souza Cristian , Lemos Marcilio , Silva Felipe , Alves Robinson
Published: May 2021

A expansão da Internet expandiu as possibilidades de ações fraudulentas. Entre essas ações, destaca-se a atividade de phishing, criada com o objetivo de capturar as credenciais do usuário através de uma página falsa similar à do serviço original. Diante disso, este trabalho propõe o PhishKiller, uma ferramenta capaz de detectar e mitigar ataques de phishing, utilizando um proxy para interceptação dos endereços acessados pelo usuário e técnicas de deep learning não baseadas em parâmetros para classiﬁcação dos URLs. As avaliações demonstraram a viabilidade do PhishKiller, que teve uma acurácia de 98.3% na detecção de endereços maliciosos e tempo de processamento médio de 81.68ms por requisição.
Autenticação baseada em ondas eletromagnéticas
Authors: Carlson Ivo , Gonzaga Max , Oliveira Leonardo , Ramos Heitor
Published: May 2021

O crescente uso de dispositivos inteligentes traz preocupações quanto a segurança das informações trocadas. Métodos de Autenticação nos permitem veriﬁcar a procedência de uma mensagem. Um método utilizado para autenticar uma mensagem é utilizar a assinatura digital do dispositivo. Da mesma forma que os seres humanos possuem características que permitem distinguir uma pessoa de outra, dispositivos eletrônicos possuem diferenças provindas do processo de manufatura. Quando um dispositivo eletrônico é utilizado para gerar algum tipo de mídia, as diferenças podem ser vistas no resultado. Essas características vistas no sinal gerado podem ser utilizadas para extrair uma assinatura digital. Nesse trabalho Arduinos, dispositivos típicos de IoT, foram utilizados para gerar um sinal que foi observado por um rádio e estudado com o intuito de encontrar diferenças que poderiam levar à criação de uma assinatura para cada dispositivo e assim, desenvolver um método de autenticação entre dispositivos IoT e um servidor.
Uma Arquitetura para Comunicação Espontânea e Segura para Internet das Coisas Móveis em Cidades Inteligentes
Authors: Leopoldino Gabriel , Da Rocha Ricardo
Published: May 2021

Uma Cidade Inteligente compreende soluções que integram Internet das Coisas e serviços de software para permitir a construção de aplicações que explorem a disseminação de informações para melhorar a qualidade de vida da população. Neste cenário, arquiteturas de software devem permitir que dispositivos de IoT se conectem à infraestrutura de software que permeia uma Cidade Inteligente de maneira espontânea e mediada por dispositivos de maior poder computacional, como smartphones. Em contrapartida, tais arquiteturas devem prover serviços de segurança para impedir de agentes maliciosos explorem a infraestrutura e afetem o correto funcionamento das suas aplicações. Este trabalho apresenta uma arquitetura de comunicação segura para Internet das Coisas Móveis em cidades inteligentes baseada em uma infraestrutura de chaves públicas, que provê serviços de autenticação, conﬁdencialidade e integridade das informações consumidas e publicadas por dispositivos e que são adequadas a diversos cenários de conectividade.
Tocker: framework para a segurança de containers Docker
Authors: Balabanian Felipe , Henriques Marco
Published: May 2021

Tocker é um framework que restringe a comunicação entre containers Docker ao mínimo necessário e bloqueia as portas não necessárias dos containers com a introdução de firewalls, de acordo com as configurações de serviços e seus relacionamentos feitas pelo usuário em um arquivo texto ou interface gráfica. O framework também adiciona, de forma automática, containers contendo serviços de monitoramento de segurança (Snort) entre as conexões, baseando-se em regras pré-estabelecidas. Mais ainda, ele realiza análise de segurança estática das imagens utilizadas nos containers graças a uma integração com o scanner Snyk que busca em bases de dados externas quais dependências (e vulneráveis) e alerta o administrador do sistema. imagem estão desatualizadas (softwares) da
Capture The Flag: Método de Aprendizado para a Disciplina de Forense Computacional em uma Universidade Pública
Authors: Santos Júnior Carlos Eduardo , Mendes Ana Clara , Cabral Jhonattan , Dos Santos Juliana , Silva Erick , Emerick Pedro
Published: May 2021

Effectively evaluating the assimilation of content passed in the classroom is not always a trivial task. Therefore, new strategies are explored to ensure a better teaching experience. One of them may be the Capture The Flag (CTF), is a competition focused on solving information security challenges and that can approach issues related to computer forensics. This study aims to use the competition to measure the knowledge acquired through the discipline of Computational Forensics offered by a public university.
Certiﬁcado Digital Acadêmico na Nuvem
Authors: Martina Jean , Pereira Fernando , Pieri Giovani , Bezerra Roque , Cordeiro Luis , Meurer Leonardo , Gerônimo Guilherme , Custodio Ricardo , Martins Douglas , Macelai Vinicius
Published: May 2021

O objetivo desta apresentação é descrever um sistema que está sendo atualmente implementado na Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina para a criação de documentos eletrônicos assinados digitalmente utilizando a Infraestrutura de Chaves Públicas para Ensino e Pesquisa (ICPEDU). Neste sistema adotamos uma estrutura similar à utilizada na infraestrutura de Chaves Públicas Brasileira (ICP-Brasil) a qual faz uso de uma nuvem para armazenamento de certiﬁcados e chaves privadas. Nossa solução conta com uma integração junto aos sistemas da UFSC para o armazenamento das chaves em um diretório e a sua consequente disponibilização por um serviço de autenticação LDAP. O uso da chave privada, para ﬁns de assinatura, é feito por uma ferramenta chamada Assinador. Essa ferramenta aceita tanto certiﬁcados ICP-Brasil quanto ICPEDU. Os sistemas ainda estão em desenvolvimento e o objetivo desta apresentação é trazer à tona uma discussão sobre documento eletrônico no ambiente educacional e sua viabilidade por meio de sistemas em nuvem.
eduID – Certificados Pessoais para a Comunidade
Authors: Gomes Christian , Rocha Luciano , Robertson Alex
Published: May 2021

O eduUD é o serviço de certificados digitais para pessoas da RNP, associado à federação de identidade CAFe (Comunidade Acadêmica Federada). Este artigo descreve o trabalho em andamento para a implementação do serviço, bem como a infraestrutura necessária para suportá-lo.
Metodologia de Avaliação de Riscos e Medidas de Segurança na Proteção de Dados Pessoais
Authors: Nakamura Emilio , Formigoni Filho José Reynaldo , Ide Marcos Cesar
Published: May 2021

Este artigo trata de aspectos relacionados com a proteção de dados pessoais, da criação das leis gerais de proteção de dados, assim como quais são as alternativas que as empresas estão buscando para atender aos requisitos de segurança demandados por tais leis. Além disso, é apresentada uma metodologia de avaliação de risco e segurança para suportar as empresas no atendimento dos requisitos de segurança demandados pela Lei Geral de Proteção de Dados do Brasil (LGPD).
Requisitos Mínimos de Segurança para CPEs: a Experiência de Construir uma Recomendação Global
Authors: Desiderá Lucimara , Steding-Jessen Klaus , Hoepers Cristine
Published: May 2021

Devido a vulnerabilidades no software embarcado e nas conﬁgurações padrão, CPEs (Computer Premises Equipments) têm sido alvo de uma variedade de abusos. Este cenário, que traz prejuízos diversos aos provedores de acesso, motivou diversos grupos de trabalho anti-abuso e de operações de rede a reunir-se e deﬁnir um conjunto de requisitos mínimos de segurança para estes dispositivos. Este artigo é um estudo de caso, que descreve o processo de construção destes requisitos em um grupo de trabalho multissetorial e com participação de proﬁssionais de diversos países e especialidades. Também são apresentados os principais pontos que foram consenso e que fazem parte da recomendação ﬁnal deste grupo de trabalho.
Análise de criptograﬁa no contexto da avaliação da conformidade
Authors: Bento Lucila Maria , Machado Raphael Carlos
Published: May 2021

Para proteger informações sensíveis processadas por sistemas embarcados, os desenvolvedores precisam conﬁar na criptograﬁa. Embora os mecanismos criptográﬁcos estejam cada vez mais avançados, muitas violações de segurança ocorrem porque os desenvolvedores usam a criptograﬁa incorretamente. Este artigo apresenta uma lista (não exaustiva) de uso incorreto de criptograﬁa em sistemas embarcados para incrementar as análises realizadas num processo de avaliação da conformidade destes sistemas.
Desenvolvimento de uma aplicação segura de sensoriamento através de redes oportunísticas
Authors: Dos Santos Lucas , Nascimento Paulo Roberto , Machado Raphael , Amorim Claudio
Published: May 2021

Internet das Coisas vem tornando a Internet cada vez mais presente no cotidiano das pessoas ao permitir a integração de uma variedade de objetos físicos e dispositivos na rede. Este novo paradigma apresenta novos desaﬁos relacionados ao projeto da arquitetura do sistema e riscos inerentes à segurança da informação. Diante disso, apresentamos uma aplicação de Internet das Coisas baseada em uma rede oportunística de comunicação, assim como os requisitos de segurança a serem avaliados1.
Protegendo o sistema operacional e chaves criptográﬁcas numa urna eletrônica do tipo T-DRE
Authors: Monteiro José , Lima Saulo , Rodrigues Robson , Alvarez Paulo , Meneses Marciano , Mendonça Fernando , Coimbra Rodrigo
Published: May 2021

Este documento mostra a nova conﬁguração de chaves da Urna Eletrônica (UE), que agora está assentada em uma segurança computacional dentro do modelo ROM (Random Oracle Model), o que permitirá a abertura livre do código-fonte para a sociedade. Os modelos anteriores, baseados em guarda de chaves no código-fonte ou a sua derivação em tempo de execução, foram substituídos pelo uso de um módulo de segurança embarcado, que caracteriza as urnas brasileiras como do tipo T-DRE.
Ultrasonographic Evaluation of the Pyramidal Lobe of the Thyroid Gland in Infants and Children in Western Turkey Between 2018 and 2020
Authors: Çolak Edis
Published: May 2021

Background: The pyramidal lobe (PL) is a common anatomic variation of the thyroid gland with a reported prevalence of over 50% in adult series, but to the best of our knowledge, there are no data in the literature regarding its characteristics in the pediatric population. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence, anatomic, and morphological features of the PL in pediatric participants on thyroid ultrasonography (US). Methods: The descriptive cross-sectional study design was used. Between November 2018 and January 2020, the US images obtained from 325 participants with normal thyroid glands were retrospectively evaluated. The presence, location, size, volume, the morphology of the base, and continuity or separation from the thyroid gland were noted for each PL. Results: The PL was present in 34.1% (110/325) of the pediatric participants. It was more frequent in girls than in boys. In all, 56.4% were found to originate from the left of the midline of the isthmus. One patient had double PL. The mean anteroposterior, transverse, and longitudinal diameters were 2.5 ± 1.4, 2.7 ± 1.3, and 5.6 ± 2.5 mm, respectively. The median volume of the PL was 15.11 mm3. PL was longer in girls compared to boys; however, these changes were not significant (5.8 vs. 5.1, P = 0.406, respectively). A total of 63.6% of the PLs were with a wide base and narrow apex, and 36.4% were with a thin base size the same as the apex size. A separation of the PL from the thyroid was not observed. Conclusion: The present study showed, for the first time, that the age of the children is positively correlated with the size and volume of the PL. The prevalence and location of the PL were consistent with those reported in the adult population.
Sinetectula gen. nov., a new genus of Pisaniidae (Gastropoda: Buccinoidea) from the tropical Indian and Pacific Oceans
Authors: Fraussen Koen , Vermeij Geerat J.
Published: May 2021

The genus Sinetectula gen. nov. is proposed to accommodate Triton egregius Reeve, 1844, Buccinum cinis Reeve, 1846, Buccinum nigricostatum Reeve, 1846, Buccinum (Pollia) farinosum Gould, 1850, Pisania naevosa Martens, 1880, Pollia shepstonensis Tomlin, 1926 and one still undescribed species. These species are discussed and compared, and remarks on their biogeography are provided. The occasional appearance of a labral denticle is recorded and the morphological variability of the group is discussed. The radula of S. egregius gen. et comb. nov. is described.
De la segregación racial al constitucionalismo neoliberal: hacia una historia conceptual de la discriminación
Authors: Muñoz León Fernando
Published: May 2021

Resumen: El presente artículo esboza los supuestos y estrategias de una historia conceptual de la discriminación, aproximación al estudio histórico de esta problemática que ilustra identificando usos discursivos de dicha palabra que muestran que el origen del concepto en cuestión se encuentra en el Estados Unidos de la posguerra civil, donde adquirió un renovado significado conceptual a partir de la experiencia de la segregación racial, para posteriormente abordar las circunstancias que permitieron la constitucionalización del concepto de discriminación en el Chile de Augusto Pinochet, donde fue empleado como medio para codificar una comprensión neoliberal de los derechos fundamentales.Absytract: This article contributes to the production of a genealogy of the concept of discrimination by reviewing some of the lineages that make up its biography. To that end it focuses on its absence from Chilean constitutional thought during most of its history, identifies the emergence of its two senses –“arbitrary” discrimination and “structural” discrimination– in 19th century United States, and examines the way that it was inscribed in the text of the 1980 Political Constitution of the Republic of Chile where it was employed as a means to codify the economic rationality of market decisions and to protect an understanding of human nature based on Catholic natural law.
De Cuzco a Berlín en el siglo XIX: el gabinete de curiosidades de María Ana Centeno
Authors: Ruiz Romero Zara
Published: May 2021

Resumen: María Ana Centeno desarrolló su gabinete de curiosidades y antigüedades precolombinas en el Perú del siglo XIX, en un momento en que la creación de acervos de este tipo resultaba común entre la élite cuzqueña, cada vez más consciente de la importancia de las culturas precolombinas. Gran parte de la colección fue vendida por sus herederos al Museo Etnológico de Berlín, en una transacción determinada por el valor en alza de las piezas precolombinas en el mercado, y por el creciente interés de viajeros, científicos y exploradores por lugares como Perú, con manifestaciones culturales dignas de estudiar y coleccionar. En la presente investigación tratamos la formación de la colección Centeno y su posterior viaje, desde Cuzco a Berlín, relacionando su casuística con el contexto y las circunstancias de la época. Asimismo, tomamos como ejemplo la referida colección para reflexionar sobre la pertenencia del patrimonio, y el lugar en que las piezas precolombinas peruanas deberían resguardarse.Abstract: María Ana Centeno created her cabinet of curiosities and pre-Columbian antiquities during the nineteenth century. In Peru, at that time, the creation of that kind of collection was common between the elite, who were conscious of the increasing value of the pre-Hispanic cultures and antiquities. Most of the pieces of the collection were sold by María Ana’s sons to the Ethnological Museum of Berlin. It was a transaction determined by the rising value of pre-Columbian pieces on the market, and also by the growing interest of travelers, scientists, and explorers in places like Peru. In that paper, it is addressed the formation of Centeno’s collection, and its move from Cuzco to Berlin; all that having into account the contexts and circumstances of the time. Besides, it is made a reflection on the cultural heritage’s owners, and the place where the Peruvian pre-Columbian pieces should be.
Effect of ER5356 Welding Wire on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of 5083 Aluminum Alloy GTAW Welded Joint
Authors: Zhao DongSheng , Zhang TianFei , Kong LeLe , Long DaiFa , Liu YuJun
Published: May 2021

Automatic gas tungsten arc welding experiments of 5083 aluminum alloy were completed, to analyze the weld microstructure and mechanical properties. The influences of welding current, travel speed, frequency, and arc length on weld forming and mechanical properties were studied. When the welding current was 160 A, the travel speed was 380 mm/min, the frequency was 100 Hz, the arc length was 4 mm, and the maximum tensile strength of the welded joint was 296.9 MPa, which was 86.8% of the base metal’s tensile strength. The fracture elongation was 7.8%. No porosity was formed in the weld, but there were poor fusion problems. ER5356 welding wire can improve the problem of poor weld fusion and accommodate Mg element vaporization losses. When the wire feeding speed was 1200 mm/min, the tensile strength of the welded joint can be improved to 315.2 MPa, which was 92.2% of the base material’s tensile strength, and the fracture elongation was 8.5%. The tensile specimens fractured in the heat-affected zone. The fracture surface was characterized as plastic fracture.

Introduction

Specific strength of aluminum alloy is high, so aluminum alloys reduce the weight of the structure compared with steel structures. Aluminum alloys have a broad application prospect in aerospace, automotive, and marine industries based on their good corrosion resistance, low temperature resistance, good processability, and rich alloy system (Kuk et al. 2004; Wang & Zhang 2015; Canepa et al. 2018; Gaur et al. 2018; Qiang & Wang 2019). In recent years, to reduce the weight of the structure such as trimaran hull and improve speed, aluminum alloys have been more and more applied in shipbuilding. But there are many problems in the welding of aluminum alloy.
Prejudice in disguise: Which features determine the subtlety of ethnically prejudicial statements?
Authors: Fetz Karolina , Kroh Martin
Published: May 2021

In current immigration debates ethnic prejudice is often expressed in a subtle manner, which conceals its xenophobic content. However, previous research has only insufficiently examined the specific features that make certain ethnically prejudicial statements subtler, i.e., less readily identifiable as xenophobic, than others. The current study employs an experimental factorial survey design and assesses the subtlety of systematically manipulated prejudicial statements. Our data from a German random population sample (N = 895) indicate that the subtlety of ethnically prejudicial statements is manipulable along the dimensions of topic, linguistic (essentialist) phrasing, and target group: Prejudicial statements that refer to culture, that are phrased weakly essentialistically, and that target Muslims were subtlest, in being evaluated as least xenophobic by the respondents. Moreover, with an increasing internal and a decreasing external motivation to respond without prejudice, individuals reacted more strongly to the variation of the statements’ topic and linguistic phrasing and were thus more sensitive to features determining subtler and more blatant ways of ethnic prejudice expression. These findings contribute to a better understanding of current migration discourses, in demonstrating that the specific manner in which ethnic prejudice is communicated can camouflage the xenophobic nature of a statement, so that it is less readily recognized as prejudicial.
Unforeseen consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic: Increased frequency of kite-string injuries in magnificent frigatebirds (Fregata magnificens) in Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil
Authors: Goldberg DW , Vanstreels RET , Alcala MM , Hurtado R , Mantovani PF , Cunha LST , Serafini PP , Barbosa AF
Published: May 2021

Kite flying is a popular hobby and sport for children and adults. Despite being illegal in Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil, the use of abrasive threads remains widespread and poses a health risk to both humans and animals. In this study, we analysed the records of 462 magnificent frigatebirds (Fregata magnificens) submitted to rehabilitation centres or found dead along the southern coast of Rio de Janeiro state from October 2016 to August 2020. Of these, 244 individuals (52.8%) presented wing lesions consistent with kite-string injury, which can have a critical impact on the ability of frigatebirds to fly and will ultimately cause their death. Even when veterinary care is provided, only a small proportion of the individuals (2%) will fully recover the ability to fly in order to be released back to the wild. In 2020, an atypical increase in the number of individuals with kite-string injuries (~1,200% increase compared to other years) was noted in the weeks following the suspension of school activities and commerce in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The number of frigatebirds with kitestring injuries recorded in a given week was positively correlated with internet searches for kite-related terms, which also peaked during the quarantine period of the COVID-19 pandemic. This illustrates how pandemic events may aggravate existing human-wildlife conflicts, and how preparedness plans need to incorporate measures to help communities cope with boredom and isolation during quarantine in ways that do not negatively impact the welfare and conservation of wildlife.
Caring practices of pet cat and dog owners in Northern Ireland vs potential implications for animals’ health and welfare
Authors: Naughton V , Grzelak T , Mulhern MS , Moffett RC , Naughton PJ
Published: May 2021

This prospective, descriptive study assessed caring practices of pet cat and dog owners in Northern Ireland with a survey questionnaire, focusing primarily on feeding and exercising. Owners of both pet cats and dogs reported that they fed their pets either twice or three times a day (53 and 78% for cats and dogs, respectively). However, in the case of nearly 40% of pet cat owners it transpired that they fed their cat(s) as often as the animal demanded (18.8%) or that food was available all the time (20.7%). Cat owners reported that their pets had access to outdoors (84%) and were not provided with any play time (53.1%). The highest number of pet dogs (46.1%) were reported as being walked daily for less than 1 h, and the highest number (38.4%) were played with daily for less than 1 h. Both cat (60%) and dog (61%) owners perceived the body condition of their animal ‘as it should be’ for animal age/sex. However, both pet cat (76%) and dog (63%) owners reported that neither their pet's bodyweight nor its body condition was monitored. Our results suggest not all pet cat and dog owners are aware of the fundamentals of their animals’ feeding requirements as regards health and many provide insufficient physical activity required for their animals’ health and welfare. The major strengths of the study include the size and geographic distribution of the study population allowing the generalisation of the results to other locations.
Do you see the same cat that I see? Relationships between Qualitative Behaviour Assessment and indicators traditionally used to assess temperament in domestic cats
Authors: Travnik IC , Sant’Anna AC
Published: May 2021

This study into the behaviour of domestic cats (Felis catus) aimed to assess the relationship between behavioural expressions obtained via the Qualitative Behaviour Assessment (QBA) and quantitative outcomes of temperament tests. Four behavioural tests were used: Unfamiliar person (UP); Novel object (NO); Conspecific reaction (CR); and Food offering (FO) tests. Tests were filmed and assessed using an ethogram that included 25 discrete behavioural categories, generating quantitative information (coding method) on the existing temperament dimensions. Videos were also assessed by another observer using the QBA method, based on a list of 20 adjectives rated in visual analogue scales (rating method). Data were analysed using Principal Component Analysis. Spearman's rank correlation coefficients were used to relate the principal components (PC) of QBA to the temperament dimensions obtained with the coding method. The QBA allowed us to identify three PC, explaining 76.63% of the total variance. PC1 ranged from ‘calm/relaxed/friendly’ to ‘tense/fearful/alert’, reflecting the valence of cats’ behavioural and emotional expressions towards the stimuli tested. PC2 ranged from ‘indifferent’ to ‘agitated/active’, indicating the level of emotional arousal, and PC3 ranged from ‘aggressive’ to ‘suspicious’ and could be interpreted as an axis of ‘aggressiveness — caution’ in response to the stimuli. The first PC obtained for each test by using the coding method was significantly correlated with the PC1 of QBA, suggesting that the variations in cats’ behavioural and emotional expressions identified by QBA were correlated with the main quantitative outcomes of temperament tests traditionally applied for domestic cats. QBA could be a promising tool for identifying and differentiating cat temperament profiles. Further research is required to assess the potential use of QBA as a feasible and practical method for use in shelters.
Genes: fatos e fantasias
Authors: Garcia Eloi S.
Published: May 2021

O livro traz uma análise sobre a fronteira entre ciência e tecnologia, focalizando as novas idéias da era pós-genômica. Com uma linguagem clara e compreensível, o autor analisa os avanços científicos e suas conseqüências para a humanidade, com foco no desenvolvimento da biologia molecular e da genética.
Left Eye Conjunctivitis: An Isolated Presentation of COVID-19 Infection: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Kumawat D. C. , Mathur Navgeet , Saxena Rachit , Upadhyaya Taniya , Mathur Medha
Published: May 2021

The world is having COVID 19 pandemic currently. Early diagnosis is a challenge as the COVID 19 illness has variety of presentations. In this regard knowledge about spectrum of clinical presentation may be very helpful. This case report was about presentation of COVID 19 illness as isolated left eye conjunctivitis in a 58 years old male patient. By early diagnosis and appropriate treatment, the patient was recovered completely as well as his positive contacts were also isolated immediately. The study also highlighted the need of awareness among clinicians about isolated left eye conjunctivitis presentation of COVID 19.
The Successful Resuscitation in a Neonate with Down Syndrome after 45 minutes: A Case Report
Authors: Seyedhejazi Mahin , Haghighat Azari Maryam , Taghizadieh Nasrin , Farzin Haleh
Published: May 2021

Introduction: Patients with Down syndrome (DS due to relative macroglossia and dynamic airway collapse) are vulnerable to significant upper airway complications. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common condition and noted in about 79% of these children . Children with OSA, with or without DS, are sensitive to respiratory depression by drugs such as sedatives, opioids and hypnotics. Abnormalities of the cardiovascular system are also common in Down syndrome. Case Report: A nine_ day old male preterm newborn with DS (e.g. gestational age of 35 weeks) was brought to operation room (OR) for insertion of central venous line and surgery of duodenal atresia. During transportation to NICU, in OR he arrested and then after 45 minutes resuscitation, he returned to life. Conclusion: The placement of CVL could precipitate triggers of cardiac arrest, particularly in preterm newborn.
Patient characteristics and cardiac surgical outcomes at a tertiary care hospital in Kenya, 2008–2017: a retrospective study
Authors: Chavez-Lindell Tamara , Kikwe Bob , Gikonyo Anthony , Odoi Agricola
Published: May 2021

Background

Cardiac surgeries are high risk procedures that require specialized care and access to these procedures is often limited in resource-poor countries. Although fatalities for surgical patients across Africa are twice that of the global rate, cardiac surgical mortality continent-wide is only slightly higher than all-surgical mortality. Understanding demographic and health characteristics of patients and the associations of these characteristics with morbidity and mortality events is important in guiding care decisions. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to: (a) describe the characteristics of cardiac surgical patients; (b) identify the associations between these characteristics and morbidity and mortality events following cardiac surgery.

Methods

Patient characteristics and post-surgical complications were abstracted for all cardiac surgical patients treated at a tertiary care hospital in Kenya from 2008 to 2017. Descriptive analyses of demographic factors, co-morbidities, peri-operative conditions, and post-surgical complications were conducted for adult and pediatric patients. Cochran-Armitage trend test was used to assess temporal trends in risk of death. Multivariable ordinary logistic and Firth logistic models were used to investigate predictors of surgical outcomes.

Results

The study included a total of 181 patients (150 adult and 31 pediatric patients). Most (91.3%) adult patients had acquired conditions while 45.2% of the pediatric patients had congenital defects. Adult patients tended to have co-morbid conditions including hypertension (16.7%), diabetes mellitus (7.3%), and nephropathy (6.7%). Most patients (76.0% adults and 96.8% pediatric patients) underwent ≤ 2 surgical procedures during their hospital stay. Seventy percent of adult and 54.8% of the pediatric patients experienced at least one post-surgical complication including mediastinal hemorrhage, acute kidney injury and death. Patient characteristics played the greatest roles in predicting post-surgical complications. For adult patients, significant predictors of acute kidney injury included atrial fibrillation (OR = 18.25; p = .001), mitral valve replacement (OR = 0.14; p = .019), and use of cardiopulmonary bypass (OR = 0.06; p = .002). Significant predictors of 30-day mortality were age (OR = 1.05; p = .015) and atrial fibrillation (OR = 4.12, p = .018). Although the number of surgeries increased over the decade-long study period, there were no significant (p = .467) temporal trends in the risk of death.

Conclusions

Awareness of demographic and peri-surgical factors that are predictors of complications is useful in guiding clinical decisions to reduce morbidity and mortality. Identification of co-morbidities as the most useful predictors of post-surgical complications suggests that patient characteristics may be a larger contributor to the incidence of complications than surgical practices.