bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparing acceptance of smoking cessation and smoke-free home intervention offers and associated factors among people with low income in the USA: baseline results of a randomised controlled trial
Authors: McQueen Amy , Wolff Jennifer , Grimes Lauren , Teshome Enguday , Garg Rachel , Thompson Tess , Carpenter Kelly , Kegler Michelle C , Kreuter Matthew W
Published: June 2024

Introduction

State tobacco quitlines are the most commonly available smoking cessation programmes; however, they have low reach and typically only enrol people who are ready to quit in the next 30 days. Expanding quitline services may increase the total number of people engaged in tobacco control efforts and the number who eventually quit. In this randomised controlled trial, we offered both arms a tobacco quitline intervention. In arm 2, if they declined the quitline, we then offered a smoke-free home (SFH) intervention. We examined the number of participants who accepted each intervention offer at baseline and whether acceptance varied by participant characteristics.

Methods

We recruited 1982 people who called 211, a social services helpline for social needs; mean age=50, 68% female; 45% white, 41% black and 14% other race/ethnicity; 68% reported an annual household income <US$20 000.

Results

In each arm, 59.7% of participants accepted the quitline offer. In arm 2, among those who declined the quitline offer, 53.1% accepted the SFH intervention offer. Thus, an additional 212 (21.4% of all arm 2 participants) people who smoke engaged in tobacco control programmes than would have with standard practice alone (quitline only). Acceptance differed by participant characteristics: males were less likely than females to accept either offer. Whites were less likely, and older adults and those with greater nicotine dependence were more likely, to accept the quitline offer.

Conclusions

Proactive approaches identified many low-income people who smoke and offering an SFH intervention retained many more of them in tobacco control efforts. Future trial results will assess intervention engagement and effects on cessation.

Trial registration number

ClinicalTrials.gov identifierNCT04311983.
Risk of colorectal neoplasia after removal of conventional adenomas and serrated polyps: a comprehensive evaluation of risk factors and surveillance use
Authors: Polychronidis Georgios , He Ming-Ming , Vithayathil Mathew , Knudsen Markus D , Wang Kai , Song Mingyang
Published: June 2024

Background

Surveillance colonoscopy after polyp removal is recommended to prevent subsequent colorectal cancer (CRC). It is known that advanced adenomas have a substantially higher risk than non-advanced ones, but optimal intervals for surveillance remain unclear.

Design

We prospectively followed 156 699 participants who had undergone a colonoscopy from 2007 to 2017 in a large integrated healthcare system. Using multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression we estimated the subsequent risk of CRC and high-risk polyps, respectively, according to index colonoscopy polyps, colonoscopy quality measures, patient characteristics and the use of surveillance colonoscopy.

Results

After a median follow-up of 5.3 years, we documented 309 CRC and 3053 high-risk polyp cases. Compared with participants with no polyps at index colonoscopy, those with high-risk adenomas and high-risk serrated polyps had a consistently higher risk of CRC during follow-up, with the highest risk observed at 3 years after polypectomy (multivariable HR 5.44 (95% CI 3.56 to 8.29) and 8.35 (95% CI 4.20 to 16.59), respectively). Recurrence of high-risk polyps showed a similar risk distribution. The use of surveillance colonoscopy was associated with lower risk of CRC, with an HR of 0.61 (95% CI 0.39 to 0.98) among patients with high-risk polyps and 0.57 (95% CI 0.35 to 0.92) among low-risk polyps. Among 1548 patients who had high-risk polyps at both index and surveillance colonoscopies, 65% had their index polyps in the proximal colon and 30% had index and interval polyps in the same segments.

Conclusion

Patients with high-risk polyp findings were at higher risk of subsequent CRC and high-risk polyps and may benefit from early surveillance within 3 years. The subsite distribution of the index and recurrent high-risk polyps suggests the contribution of incomplete resection and missed lesions to the development of interval neoplasia.
Targeting the oncogenic m6A demethylase FTO suppresses tumourigenesis and potentiates immune response in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Chen Ao , Zhang Vanilla Xin , Zhang Qingyang , Sze Karen Man-Fong , Tian Lu , Huang Hongyang , Wang Xia , Lee Eva , Lu Jingyi , Lyu Xueying , Lee Man-Fong Joyce , Wong Chun Ming , Ho Daniel Wai-Hung , Ng Irene Oi-Lin
Published: June 2024

Objective

Fat mass and obesity-associated protein (FTO), an eraser ofN6-methyadenosine (m6A), plays oncogenic roles in various cancers. However, its role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is unclear. Furthermore, small extracellular vesicles (sEVs, or exosomes) are critical mediators of tumourigenesis and metastasis, but the relationship between FTO-mediated m6A modification and sEVs in HCC is unknown.

Design

The functions and mechanisms of FTO and glycoprotein non-metastatic melanoma protein B (GPNMB) in HCC progression were investigated in vitro and in vivo. Neutralising antibody of syndecan-4 (SDC4) was used to assess the significance of sEV-GPNMB. FTO inhibitor CS2 was used to examine the effects on anti-PD-1 and sorafenib treatment.

Results

FTO expression was upregulated in patient HCC tumours. Functionally, FTO promoted HCC cell proliferation, migration and invasion in vitro, and tumour growth and metastasis in vivo. FTO knockdown enhanced the activation and recruitment of tumour-infiltrating CD8+T cells. Furthermore, we identified GPNMB to be a downstream target of FTO, which reduced the m6A abundance of GPNMB, hence, stabilising it from degradation by YTHN6-methyladenosine RNA binding protein F2. Of note, GPNMB was packaged into sEVs derived from HCC cells and bound to the surface receptor SDC4 of CD8+T cells, resulting in the inhibition of CD8+T cell activation. A potential FTO inhibitor, CS2, suppresses the oncogenic functions of HCC cells and enhances the sensitivity of anti-PD-1 and sorafenib treatment.

Conclusion

Targeting the FTO/m6A/GPNMB axis could significantly suppress tumour growth and metastasis, and enhance immune activation, highlighting the potential of targeting FTO signalling with effective inhibitors for HCC therapy.
ALK-rearranged mesenchymal neoplasms: a clinicopathological and molecular study of eight additional cases of an emerging group of tyrosine kinase fusion mesenchymal tumours
Authors: Zhao Ming , Song Jing , Yin Xiaona , Xu Jiayun , Teng Xiaodong , Wang Jian
Published: June 2024

Aims

Mesenchymal neoplasms characterised byALKfusions mainly include inflammatory myofibroblastic tumour (IMT) and epithelioid fibrous histiocytoma (EFH). Most recently,ALK-rearranged mesenchymal tumours that are not IMT or EFH have been reported. Our aim is to further characterise eight such neoplasms, with a detailed clinicopathological, immunohistochemical and molecular analysis.

Methods

Clinicopathological features were assessed and partner agnostic targeted RNA-sequencing on clinically validated platforms was performed.

Results

The patients consisted of seven males and one female with a median age of 47 years (28 –59 years). The tumours ranged in size from 2.0 to 10.0 cm (mean=3.0 cm) and involved superficial and deep soft tissue (n=6) and visceral locations (n=2). Of the seven patients with follow-up (9–130 months), two developed distant metastases and five had no disease recurrence or metastasis. The tumours demonstrated diverse architectures and variable cellularity and cellular morphologies. The main constitutive cells appeared in elongated spindled in three, primitive to ovoid in two and round to epithelioid in three cases. We expanded the histopathological spectrum to include mildly to moderately cellular spindled to stellate cells in a multinodular growth in a prominent myxoid and vascularised stroma (n=2). All tumours expressed ALK(D5F3); seven were positive for S100 protein and six were positive for CD34. By fluorescence in situ hybridisation,ALKrearrangement was identified in all eight tumours.ALKfusion partners were identified by RNA-sequencing in all cases, including previously reported:EML4(n=3), DCTN(n=1), CLIP1(n=1) andPLEKHH2(n=1), and also two novel fusion partners:TKT(n=1) andMMP2(n=1).

Conclusions

Our study expands the clinicopathological and molecular spectrum ofALK-rearranged mesenchymal neoplasms.
Clinical and safety outcomes of acute stenting plus thrombectomy for carotid tandem lesions with large ischemic core
Authors: Deliktas Yakub , Derraz Imad , Finitsis Stephanos , Caroff Jildaz , Bourcier Romain , Soize Sébastien , Moulin Solène , Richard Sébastien , Marnat Gaultier , Hoferica Matúš , Cognard Christophe , Desilles Jean-Philippe , Anadani Mohammad , Olivot Jean-Marc , Casolla Barbara , Consoli Arturo , Lapergue Bertrand , Gory Benjamin
Published: June 2024

Background

We evaluated the clinical and safety outcomes of emergent carotid artery stenting (eCAS) plus endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) among patients with anterior tandem lesion (TL) and large ischemic core (LIC).

Methods

This retrospective study included consecutive stroke patients enrolled in the Endovascular Treatment in Ischemic Stroke Registry in France between January 2015 and June 2023. We compared the outcomes of carotid stenting vs no stenting in tandem lesion with pre-treatment LIC (Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (ASPECTS) 3–5) and stenting in tandem lesion vs thrombectomy alone for isolated intracranial occlusions with pre-treatment LIC. Primary outcome was a score of 0 to 3 on the modified Rankin scale (mRS) at 90 days. Multivariable mixed-effects logistic regression was performed.

Results

Among 218 tandem patients with LIC, 55 were treated with eCAS plus EVT. The eCAS group had higher odds of 90-day mRS 0–3 (adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR) 2.40, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.10 to 5.21; p=0.027). There were no differences in the risk of any intracerebral hemorrhage (OR 1.41, 95% CI 0.69 to 2.86; p=0.346), parenchymal hematoma (aOR 1.216, 95% CI 0.49 to 3.02; p=0.675), symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (aOR 1.45, 95% CI 0.60 to 3.48; p=0.409), or 90-day mortality (aOR 0.74, 95% CI 0.33 to 1.68; p=0.472). eCAS was associated with a higher rate of carotid patency at day 1 (aOR 3.54, 95% CI 1.14 to 11.01; p=0.028). Safety outcomes were similar between EVT+eCAS group in TL-LIC and EVT alone group in isolated intracranial occlusions with LIC.

Conclusion

eCAS appears to be a safe and effective strategy in patients with TL and LIC volume.
Long-term risk of hemorrhage and mortality after treatment of high-grade intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulas
Authors: Rossmann Tobias , Veldeman Michael , Oulasvirta Elias , Nurminen Ville , Rauch Philip , Gruber Andreas , Lehecka Martin , Niemelä Mika , Numminen Jussi , Raj Rahul
Published: June 2024

Background

Despite recent multi-institutional efforts, long-term data on clinical and radiological outcomes after treatment of high-grade dural arteriovenous fistulas (dAVFs) remain scarce. This study aimed to evaluate the long-term risk of hemorrhage and fistula-related mortality after treatment.

Methods

Retrospective analysis of all consecutive patients primarily diagnosed with a high-grade dAVF (Cognard grade 2b, 2a+b, 3, 4) between January 2012 and September 2022 at a large neurovascular center. Primary endpoints were intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) and all-cause mortality after treatment; secondary endpoints were angiographic occlusion, complication rate and neurological deficits.

Results

A total of 121 patients underwent 141 treatments (122 endovascular therapy (EVT), 5 radiotherapy, 14 surgery) of which 12 patients (10%) underwent retreatment. Follow-up was available in all patients for a median of 4.2 (IQR 2.5 to 6.6) years. Eleven patients (9%) died during the follow-up period, of which three deaths (2%) occurred after hemorrhagic presentation, one of them attributable to treatment. One death (0.8%) was due to delayed hemorrhage after partial occlusion from EVT. No other post-treatment bleedings occurred. Angiographic follow-up after multimodality treatment was available in 93% of patients after a median of 6 months; the overall occlusion rate was 90%. The overall rate of complications was 25% after EVT and 14% after surgery. The rates of new transient and permanent neurological deficits after EVT were 9% and 3%, respectively.

Conclusions

The long-term rate of re-bleeding or dAVF-related mortality was low when high rates of angiographic occlusion were achieved. The risk for treatment-related complications leading to neurological sequela was low.
Tonian rift successions in Newfoundland, Canada: a window to late tectonic events in the Mesoproterozoic Laurentian margin
Authors: Strowbridge Susan , Dunning Greg , Indares Aphrodite , Jenner George
Published: June 2024

Basement rocks in the Humber terrane of the Appalachian Orogen record the last stages in the history of the Mesoproterozoic Laurentian margin in Canada. These stages were revealed by recent work in the East Pond Metamorphic Suite on the western Baie Verte Peninsula, Newfoundland, where two Tonian bimodal volcaniclastic-sedimentary successions were recognized (Pine Pond successions). The older, ca. 980 Ma succession, contains detrital igneous zircon and titanite (ca. 1160–1057 Ma) presumably derived from the Mesoproterozoic Laurentian margin, while the younger, ca. 950 Ma succession, contains 980 Ma detrital igneous zircon and titanite. Although metamorphosed to eclogite facies during the assembly of the Appalachian Orogen, the successions preserve protolith features and geochemical data that indicate melt likely originated in an extensional setting. The new ages integrated with geochemical and Sm–Nd isotopic data suggest that the felsic volcaniclastic units of the Pine Pond successions are related to 975–950 Ma granitic plutons in the Pinware terrane of the eastern Grenville Province in southeastern Labrador. These new data solidify a previous interpretation that the Pine Pond successions were deposited at the continental apex of the Asgard Sea and that the Pinware terrane intrusions are a part of this event. Furthermore, these new Tonian ages for rift-related strata call into question the interpretation of Ediacaran depositional ages for clastic sequences in the northern Appalachian Orogen, with youngest detrital zircons that are Tonian, and show that the tectonic evolution of the Mesoproterozoic Laurentian margin in Canada is more complex than previously known.
Strong gravitational lensing by $$Sgr A^*$$ and $$M87^*$$ black holes embedded in dark matter halo exhibiting string cloud and quintessential field
Authors: Molla Niyaz Uddin , Chaudhary Himanshu , Mustafa G. , Atamurotov Farruh , Debnath Ujjal , Arora Dhruv
Published: June 2024

We investigate the strong gravitational lensing phenomena caused by a black hole with a dark matter halo in the presence of cloud string and quintessence. This study examines strong gravitational lensing with two significant dark matter models: the universal rotation curve model and the cold dark matter model. To do this, we first numerically estimate the strong lensing coefficients and strong deflection angles for both the universal rotation curve and cold dark matter models. It is observed that the deflection angle, denoted as $$\alpha _D$$

α
D

, increases with the parameter $$\alpha $$
α
while holding the value of $$2M \gamma $$

2
M
γ

constant. Additionally, it increases with the parameter $$2M \gamma $$

2
M
γ

while keeping the value of $$\alpha $$
α
constant. The strong deflection angle $$\alpha _D$$

α
D

, for the black hole with a dark matter halo, with parameters $$\alpha $$
α
and $$2\,M \gamma $$

2

M
γ

, greatly enhances the gravitational bending effect and surpasses the corresponding case of the standard Schwarzschild black hole ($$A=B=0=\alpha =2M\gamma $$

A
=
B
=
0
=
α
=
2
M
γ

). Furthermore, we investigate the astrophysical consequences through strong gravitational lensing observations, using examples of two supermassive black holes, namely $$M87^{*}$$

M

87

∗

and $$Sgr A^{*}$$

S
g
r

A

∗

, located at the center of nearby galaxies. It is observed that black holes with dark matter halos in the presence of cloud string and quintessence can be quantitatively distinguished and characterized from the standard Schwarzschild black hole ($$A=B=0=\alpha =2M\gamma $$

A
=
B
=
0
=
α
=
2
M
γ

). The findings in our analysis suggest that observational tests for black holes influenced by dark matter halos, cloud string and quintessence are indeed feasible and viable.
Detecting coordinated and bot-like behavior in Twitter: the Jürgen Conings case
Authors: De Clerck Bart , Fernandez Toledano Juan Carlos , Van Utterbeeck Filip , Rocha Luis E. C.
Published: June 2024

Social media platforms can play a pivotal role in shaping public opinion during times of crisis and controversy. The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in a large amount of dubious information being shared online. In Belgium, a crisis emerged during the pandemic when a soldier (Jürgen Conings) went missing with stolen weaponry after threatening politicians and virologists. This case created further division and polarization in online discussions. In this paper, we develop a methodology to study the potential of coordinated spread of incorrect information online. We combine network science and content analysis to infer and study the social network of users discussing the case, the news websites shared by those users, and their narratives. Additionally, we examined indications of bots or coordinated behavior among the users. Our findings reveal the presence of distinct communities within the discourse. Major news outlets, conspiracy theory websites, and anti-vax platforms were identified as the primary sources of (dis)information sharing. We also detected potential coordinated behavior and bot activity, indicating possible attempts to manipulate the discourse. We used the rapid semantic similarity network for the analysis of text, but our approach can be extended to the analysis of images, videos, and other types of content. These results provide insights into the role of social media in shaping public opinion during times of crisis and underscore the need for improved strategies to detect and mitigate disinformation campaigns and online discourse manipulation. Our research can aid intelligence community members in identifying and disrupting networks that spread extremist ideologies and false information, thereby promoting a more informed and resilient society.
Quantifying polarization in online political discourse
Authors: Muñoz Pau , Bellogín Alejandro , Barba-Rojas Raúl , Díez Fernando
Published: June 2024

In an era of increasing political polarization, its analysis becomes crucial for the understanding of democratic dynamics. This paper presents a comprehensive research on measuring political polarization on X (Twitter) during election cycles in Spain, from 2011 to 2019. A wide comparative analysis is performed on algorithms used to identify and measure polarization or controversy on microblogging platforms. This analysis is specifically tailored towards publications made by official political party accounts during pre-campaign, campaign, election day, and the week post-election. Guided by the findings of this comparative evaluation, we propose a novel algorithm better suited to capture polarization in the context of political events, which is validated with real data. As a consequence, our research contributes a significant advancement in the field of political science, social network analysis, and overall computational social science, by providing a realistic method to capture polarization from online political discourse.
Dynamic and static dipole polarizability of an Aharonov–Bohm ring
Authors: Pedersen Thomas Garm
Published: June 2024

The properties of nanoscale rings are sensitive to Aharonov–Bohm fluxes threading the ring. In particular, neighboring angular momentum eigenstates become degenerate in cases of half-integer flux. Such degeneracies have a profound effect on the dipole polarizability leading to a divergent response. We analyze circular finite-width nanorings and derive a simple and compact expression for the polarizability valid for arbitrary ring geometry, frequency and magnetic flux. The dipole response is significantly reduced by finite-width effects, yet divergencies at half-integer flux are predicted irrespective of width. Finally, a non-divergent (but large) response is restored through a non-perturbative treatment of both magnetic and electric fields.
Extended state space for describing renormalized Fock spaces in QFT
Authors: Lill Sascha
Published: June 2024

We revisit the non-perturbative renormalization of a class of simple polaron models with resting fermions. The considered dispersion relations and form factors are allowed to be highly singular, such that infinite self-energies and wave function renormalizations may occur and the diagonalizing dressing transformations might not be implementable on Fock space. Instead of taking cutoffs, we rigorously interpret the self-energies and wave function renormalizations as elements of suitable vector spaces, as well as a field extension of the complex numbers. Moreover, we define two extended state vector spaces (ESSs) over this field extension, which contain a dense subspace of Fock space, but also incorporate non-square-integrable wave functions. Elements of these ESSs can be seen as states of virtual particles, described in a mathematically rigorous way. The Hamiltonian without cutoffs, formally infinite counterterms, and the dressing transformation can then be defined as linear operators between certain subspaces of the two Fock space extensions. This way, we obtain a renormalized Hamiltonian which can be realized as a densely defined self-adjoint operator on Fock space.
On CR maps between hyperquadrics and Winkelmann hypersurfaces
Authors: Reiter Michael , Son Duong Ngoc
Published: June 2024

In this paper, we study CR maps between hyperquadrics and Winkelmann hypersurfaces. Based on a previous study on the CR Ahlfors derivative of Lamel–Son and a recent result of Huang–Lu–Tang–Xiao on CR maps between hyperquadrics, we prove that a transversal CR map from a hyperquadric into a hyperquadric or a Winkelmann hypersurface extends to a local holomorphic isometric embedding with respect to certain Kähler metrics if and only if the Hermitian part of its CR Ahlfors derivative vanishes on an open set of the source. Our proof is based on relating the geometric rank of a CR map into a hyperquadric and its CR Ahlfors derivative.
A dynamic coupling scheme for fluid system by combining lattice Boltzmann method and molecular dynamics
Authors: Wang Yuqing , Zhou Wenning
Published: June 2024

The coupling of numerical methods in different scales is of great significance in the investigation of intricate multiscale phenomena. This work develops a dynamic coupling approach based on domain decomposition by combining the mesoscale lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) and microscale molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. In the proposed scheme, a two-way concurrent exchange of information between different scales has been achieved. At the atomistic scale, the fluid dynamics are modeled through the particle-based MD method on the framework of the open large-scale atomic/molecular massively parallel simulator (LAMMPS). While at the coarse scale, the fluid system is simulated utilizing the LBM approach, which relies on the collision and streaming of the particles constrained in discretized lattices, adhering to the conservation laws of mass and momentum. The exchange of velocity distributions between the two scales was handled. The accuracy and efficiency of the proposed coupling scheme were validated through simulations of the classic Poiseuille and Couette flows. The obtained results show that satisfactory agreement against pure MD results has been achieved. Moreover, a notable improved efficiency as high as 92.8% has been observed for the coupling scheme in comparison to MD simulations. Due to the inherent parallelism of LBM and MD, the proposed coupling scheme exhibits great potential for extended application in studying complex multiscale phenomena with dynamic coupling between different scales.
Public opinion propagation model based on DI-SCIR in two-layer coupled social networks
Authors: Wang Yunming , Dong Haoyi , Chu Xianwu , Guo Tianyi , Chen Bo
Published: June 2024

Network public opinion is the reflection of social public opinion on the internet and an important part of social public opinion. There are various forms of network public opinion, including WeChat, Weibo, Twitter, etc., and the comments and interactions on these multiple platforms constitute the rich content of network public opinion. Real-time understanding of network public opinion propagation helps to grasp public feedback and emotions. When a public opinion crisis occurs, adopting effective control methods can quickly respond to and handle social hot events, avoid misunderstandings and the expansion of contradictions, and help maintain social harmony and stability. To address this problem, we propose a public opinion propagation model based on DI-SCIR for two-layer coupled social network. A strong coupled inter-layer connection method based on LBRank is proposed to establish a practical two-layer coupled social network. Theoretical analysis is conducted on the impact of different factors in the model on public opinion dissemination of coupled social network. A control method of direct immune SCIR is designed, which intervenes with real-time online users during the spreading of public opinion. This can guide public opinion to spread in a favorable direction. The simulation results show that the constructed public opinion propagation model for two-layer social network can better reflect the spreading of public opinion in real life. The public opinion control method can quickly guide and intervene in the spread of public opinion and reduce the impact of negative public opinion.
Analysis of financial markets by coupled criticality approach
Authors: Adeli Soheil , Namaki Ali , Shirkavand Saeed , Tehrani Reza , Koohi-Lai Zahra
Published: June 2024

Analysis of the criticality in finance and economics is an important topic for scholars. The crises are conditions in which unpredictable behavior have been emerged. On the other hand, the contagion from one market to another one due to the complex nature of them is a crucial concept. Therefore, we should consider economies and financial markets as entangled systems that interact with each other, and studying one’s behavior without considering its interacting structures will not provide us with adequate information. In this paper, we have considered the critical states of some emerging and mature markets’ indices. S&P500 and Nikkei 225 as representatives of mature markets, and SSE Composite and TEDPIX as representatives of emerging markets have been analyzed. Coupled criticality emerges when two interacting systems reach their critical state due to their interactions. One of the efficient methods to study the coupled criticality is the bi-variate multifractal random walk model. This method is useful to assess the correlation of rare events and coupled criticality in entangled systems such as financial markets. The observations in this paper show that TEDPIX and S&P500 have higher critical states among others in most time lags by assessing criticality parameter explained in the model, and in longer time lags criticality parameter decreases in all indices. Coupled criticality parameter explained in the model is assessed between each index mentioned and TEDPIX. Results show that TEDPIX and S&P500 have the highest level of coupled criticality. To figure out how long-range time correlation between rare events in each index affect its critical behavior, the data of each index are shuffled, and the criticality parameter is calculated for the shuffled data. From the observations, it can be concluded that this matter has more substantial effect on mature markets. As it is known, shuffling removes the effect of the long-range time correlations. Therefore, the coupled criticality parameter is calculated for the shuffled S&P500 data and TEDPIX. Results show that the long-range correlation of S&P500 data has a significant effect on the coupled criticality behavior of S&P500 and TEDPIX.
STUDY ON QUANTIFICATION OF ROCK FRACTURE NETWORK TO PROMOTE SHALE GAS DEVELOPMENT
Authors: SUI LILI , MA XINYU , CHEN JIAMIN , NIU FANGPING , TAO JIAQI
Published: June 2024

Shale gas is produced by fracturing the reservoir to increase production. Quantifying the complex structure of the rock fracture network has a very important role in shale gas development. In order to quantify the complex structure of rock fracture network, in this paper, combined with the hierarchical structure of fractal figure, long tail distribution and fractal self-similarity, the current calculation method of fractal dimension is improved, and the basic fractal dimension calculation method is proposed based on the principle. By removing the limit calculation method which causes the deviation of numerical results, a reasonable and convenient calculation model for engineering application is proposed. A set of two-dimensional fracture pictures are used to test the model. In the 10 pictures, the more complex the figure is, the larger the new fractal dimension value is, which is in line with the characteristics of fractal dimension describing the complexity of graphics. Furthermore, lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) is used to simulate the velocity field, and the permeability of the fracture network is calculated according to Darcy’s law. The permeability and fractal dimension of the fracture network are compared and analyzed. The conclusion that the permeability is positively related to the fractal dimension of the fracture network is obtained, which provides theoretical support for the further study of shale mining problems such as hydraulic fracturing.
Dynamic Response Analysis of Moving Trains Passing Through the Stationary Thunderstorm Downburst Wind
Authors: Zhang Fei , Hu Peng , Han Yan , Cai C. S. , He Dan , Chen Fei
Published: June 2024

The safety of the high-speed train traveling through the stationary thunderstorm downburst wind was studied. First, a thunderstorm wind test device was used to simulate the stationary thunderstorm downburst wind. Based on the rigid model pressure measurement tests, the aerodynamic forces of the train traveling along different paths through the stationary thunderstorm downburst wind were measured. The influence of the radial distance of the crossing path on the aerodynamic force coefficients of the train was investigated. On this basis, an unsteady aerodynamic model of the high-speed train crossing through the stationary thunderstorm downburst wind was established, and dynamic response analysis was carried out using the SIMPACK multibody dynamics simulation software to explore further the safety of the high-speed train crossing through the stationary thunderstorm downburst wind. The research showed that the stationary thunderstorm downburst wind field has significant spatial variation characteristics compared with the atmospheric boundary layer wind field. When the train passes through the thunderstorm downburst wind, the radial wind speed and wind yaw angle experienced by the train constantly change, and the change curve shows a symmetrical distribution. The aerodynamic force of the train will undergo sudden loading and unloading processes, and the lateral force coefficient of the train on different paths shows a “pulse-type” variation. Moreover, the lateral force coefficient increases with the increase of wind yaw angle. Under the influence of the thunderstorm downburst wind, the variation trend of the aerodynamic force coefficients of the train is consistent with that under crosswind. However, there are significant differences in the numerical values. Therefore, it is impossible to simply use the formula for calculating the aerodynamic force coefficients of the train under crosswinds to predict the aerodynamic force coefficients of the train under the thunderstorm downburst wind. While passing through the thunderstorm downburst wind, the overturning coefficient index plays a decisive role in the safety of train operations. Train rollover is the main form of train safety accidents, while derailment accidents are not easy. The numerical results obtained in this study are significant for evaluating the operational safety while moving trains traversing the stationary thunderstorm downburst wind.
Products and powers of principal symmetric ideals
Authors: Dannetun Eric , Fang Bruce , Formenti Riccardo , Gao Bo Y. , Geraci Juliann , Kogel Ross , Li Yuelin , Mandal Shreya , Rupasinghe Vinuge , Seceleanu Alexandra , Tran Duc Van Khanh , Walker Noah
Published: June 2024

Principal symmetric ideals were recently introduced by Harada et al. in [The minimal free resolution of a general principal symmetric ideal, preprint (2023), arXiv:2308.03141], where their homological properties are elucidated. They are ideals generated by the orbit of a single polynomial under permutations of variables in a polynomial ring. In this paper, we determine when a product of two principal symmetric ideals is principal symmetric and when the powers of a principal symmetric ideal are again principal symmetric ideals. We characterize the ideals that have the latter property as being generated by polynomials invariant up to a scalar multiple under permutation of variables. Recognizing principal symmetric ideals is an open question for the purpose of which we produce certain obstructions. We also demonstrate that the Hilbert functions of symmetric monomial ideals are not all given by symmetric monomial ideals, in contrast to the non-symmetric case.
Rings additively generated by periodic elements
Authors: Bien M. H. , Danchev P. V. , Ramezan-Nassab M.
Published: June 2024

In the this paper, as a generalization of the classical periodic rings, we explore those rings whose elements are additively generated by two (or more) periodic elements by calling them additively periodic. We prove that, in some major cases, additively periodic rings remain periodic too. This includes, for instance, algebraic algebras, group rings, and matrix rings over commutative rings. Moreover, we also obtain some independent results for the new class of rings. For example, the triangular matrix rings retain that property.
General fractional calculus with respect to exponential function used in fundamental viscoelastic models
Authors: Feng Yi-Ying , Wang Yi-Ming , Xu Xiu-Rong , Li Yao-Hong , Wei Zhang-Zhi , Jin Shou-Bo
Published: June 2024

A type of general fractional calculus with respect to another function is introduced in this paper. The kernel function within the fractional derivative and integral is specified as the Exponential function in a typical way. Based on the excellent property of the newly defined general fractional calculus, we proposed two viscoelastic models in the fractional manner compared with the classical calculus.
Quasinormal modes, Hawking radiation and absorption of the massless scalar field for Reissner–Nordström black hole surrounded by a cloud of strings in Rastall gravity
Authors: Sun Qi , Li Qian , Zhang Yu , Li Qi-Quan , Xie Chen-Hao
Published: June 2024

In this work, we investigate the quasinormal modes (QNMs), shadow radius, gray-body factor, Hawking radiation and absorption cross-section of the Reissner–Nordström black hole surrounded by a cloud of strings in Rastall gravity for a massless scalar field. We use the sixth-order Wenzel, Kramers and Brillouin (WKB) and unstable circular null geodesic methods to calculate QNMs. Moreover, the values obtained by the two methods are in very good agreement. The real part and absolute value of imaginary part of quasinormal frequencies decrease with the increase of [Formula: see text]. As [Formula: see text] increases, the real part of quasinormal frequencies increases while the absolute value of imaginary part first increases and then decreases. For [Formula: see text], they decrease with the increase of [Formula: see text]. While they first increase and then decrease with [Formula: see text] increasing at small value of [Formula: see text] when [Formula: see text]. Then using the unstable circular null geodesic method, we obtain the shadow radius of black hole. We find that shadow radius decreases first and then increases as the negative parameter [Formula: see text] increases. We also calculate the gray-body factor. According to it, Hawking radiation and absorption cross-section are calculated. We explore the influence of [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] on the energy emission rate. When other parameters are fixed, the black hole lives longer as [Formula: see text], positive parameter [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] increase. To obtain absorption cross-section, we adopt the partial wave method and sinc approximation method, and the results obtained by two methods have excellent consistency at mid-high frequency region. Further, we assess the effect of [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] on the absorption cross-section.
A Multi-Criteria Framework for Assessing the Sustainable E-Waste Management Methods with Complex Fuzzy Environment
Authors: Rajareega S.
Published: June 2024

Due to the substantial economic and environmental repercussions of improper E-waste management and treatment, the issue has gained indispensable attention. In recent years, the research has been done about the selection of proper E-waste management methods like site selection, disposal method selection, etc. with fuzzy environments. But in real situations, the major reasons for improper e-waste management are lack of awareness and improper disposal with sustainability. In finding a sustainable awareness-creating program and disposal method for E-waste, the uncertainty and its sustainability of the information make challenges to decision makers, so the problem becomes a two-dimensional problem with uncertainty. This paper uses complex fuzzy terms to illustrate this two-dimensional uncertain information, in which amplitude term represents the uncertainty about alternative and phase term represents the uncertainty about the sustainability of an alternative. First, we present a new framework MULTIMOORA under complex fuzzy structure. Then, in order to solve two-dimensional uncertain information about E-waste, the proposed complex fuzzy-MULTIMOORA method is applied, in which E-waste awareness-creating program and treatment technology selection are done. The sensitivity and comparative analysis are further delivered to validate the effectiveness of the proposed technique.
Effect of different rare-earth dopings of KNN-based transparent energy storage ceramics
Authors: Duan Lusheng , Wei Yanliang , Xu Tao , Zhang Anqi , Zhang Yanjie , Xu Zhijun , Chu Ruiqing
Published: June 2024

Rare-earth elements [Formula: see text]-, [Formula: see text]-, [Formula: see text]- and [Formula: see text]-doped ([Formula: see text][Formula: see text])[Formula: see text][Formula: see text][Formula: see text][Formula: see text]O3 ceramics (abbreviated as KNLNB-0.1%RE) were prepared by conventional solid-phase sintering method. The structure, transparency, energy storage and photoluminescence properties of the samples are investigated. All ceramics have the pseudo-cubic phase structure without the impurity phase at room temperature. KNLNB-0.1%RE ceramics exhibit excellent optical transmittance, with KNLNB-0.1%Ho achieving 71.8% transmittance in the visible wavelength range (780[Formula: see text]nm) and largest effective energy storage density of 1.45[Formula: see text]J/cm3. In our experiments, rare-earth-doped KNLNB ceramics exhibit photoluminescence effects. This work facilitates the development of transparent energy storage ceramics with fluorescent effects.
Ranking the Transferability of Adversarial Examples
Authors: Levy Moshe , Amit Guy , Elovici Yuval , Mirsky Yisroel
Published: June 2024

Adversarial transferability in blackbox scenarios presents a unique challenge: while attackers can employ surrogate models to craft adversarial examples, they lack assurance on whether these examples will successfully compromise the target model. Until now, the prevalent method to ascertain success has been trial and error—testing crafted samples directly on the victim model. This approach, however, risks detection with every attempt, forcing attackers to either perfect their first try or face exposure.

Our article introduces a ranking strategy that refines the transfer attack process, enabling the attacker to estimate the likelihood of success without repeated trials on the victim’s system. By leveraging a set of diverse surrogate models, our method can predict transferability of adversarial examples. This strategy can be used to either select the best sample to use in an attack or the best perturbation to apply to a specific sample.

Using our strategy, we were able to raise the transferability of adversarial examples from a mere 20%—akin to random selection—up to near upper-bound levels, with some scenarios even witnessing a 100% success rate. This substantial improvement not only sheds light on the shared susceptibilities across diverse architectures but also demonstrates that attackers can forego the detectable trial-and-error tactics raising increasing the threat of surrogate-based attacks.
CoSense: Deep Learning Augmented Sensing for Coexistence with Networking in Millimeter-Wave Picocells
Authors: Regmi Hem , Sur Sanjib
Published: June 2024

We present
CoSense
, a system that enables coexistence of networking and sensing on next-generation millimeter-wave (mmWave) picocells for traffic monitoring and pedestrian safety at intersections in all weather conditions. Although existing wireless signal-based object detection systems are available, they suffer from limited resolution and their outputs may not provide sufficient discriminatory information in complex scenes, such as traffic intersections.
CoSense
proposes using 5G picocells, which operate at mmWave frequency bands and provide higher data rates and higher sensing resolution than traditional wireless technology. However, it is difficult to run sensing applications and data transfer simultaneously on mmWave devices due to potential interference, and using special-purpose sensing hardware can prohibit deployment of sensing applications to a large number of existing and future inexpensive mmWave devices. Additionally, mmWave devices are vulnerable to weak reflectivity and specularity challenges, which may result in loss of information about objects and pedestrians. To overcome these challenges,
CoSense
design customized deep learning models that not only can recover missing information about the target scene but also enable coexistence of networking and sensing. We evaluate
CoSense
on diverse data samples captured at traffic intersections and demonstrate that it can detect and locate pedestrians and vehicles, both qualitatively and quantitatively, without significantly affecting the networking throughput.
Trace Semantics for C++11 Memory Model
Authors: Xiao Lili , Zhu Huibiao , Chen Sini , He Mengda , Qin Shengchao
Published: June 2024

The C and C++ languages introduced the relaxed-memory concurrency into the language specification for efficiency purposes in 2011. Trace semantics can provide the mathematical foundation for the proposed C++11 memory model, and there is a lack of investigation of trace semantics for C++11.

The Promising Semantics (PS) of Kang et al. provides the standard SC-style operational semantics for the C++11 concurrency model, where “SC” refers to “Sequential Consistency”. Inspired by PS, in this article we first investigate the trace semantics for the relaxed read and write accesses under C++11, acting in the denotational semantics style. In our semantic model, a trace is in the form of a sequence of snapshots, and the snapshots record the modification in the relevant global or local variables, and the thread view. Moreover, the trace semantics for the release/acquire accesses under C++11 is also explored, based on the separated thread views and newly added message views. When considering this trace model, different accesses bring in their unique snapshots, and make distinguished effects on the production of the sequences.

For any given program, the proposed trace semantics in this article produces all the valid traces directly. Furthermore, our trace semantics, together with that for TSO and MCA ARMv8, has the possibility to be the foundation of the meta model of the trace semantics for weak memory models.
Beadex, the Drosophila LIM only protein, is required for the growth of the larval neuromuscular junction
Authors: Chitre Kripa , Kairamkonda Subhash , Dwivedi Manish Kumar , Yadav Saumitra , Kumar Vimlesh , Sikdar Sujit K. , Nongthomba Upendra
Published: June 2024

A novel role for Beadex (Bx) regulates the larval neuromuscular junction (NMJ) structure and function in a tissue-specific manner. Bx is expressed in a subset of Toll-6-expressing neurons and is involved in regulating synaptic span and physiology, possibly through its negative interaction with Highwire (Hiw). The findings of this study provide insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying NMJ development and function and warrant further investigation to understand the role of Bx in these processes fully.
Evaluating the Base Excision Repair Inhibitor TRC102 and Temozolomide for Patients with Recurrent Glioblastoma in the Phase 2 Adult Brain Tumor Consortium Trial BERT
Authors: Ahluwalia Manmeet S. , Ozair Ahmad , Drappatz Jan , Ye Xiaobu , Peng Sen , Lee Matthew , Rath Sanhita , Dhruv Harshil , Hao Yue , Berens Michael E. , Walbert Tobias , Holdhoff Matthias , Lesser Glenn J. , Cloughesy Timothy F. , Sloan Andrew E. , Takebe Naoko , Couce Marta , Peereboom David M. , Nabors Burt , Wen Patrick Y. , Grossman Stuart A. , Rogers Lisa R.
Published: June 2024

Purpose:

Patients with glioblastoma (GBM) have a dismal prognosis. Although the DNA alkylating agent temozolomide (TMZ) is the mainstay of chemotherapy, therapeutic resistance rapidly develops in patients. Base excision repair inhibitor TRC102 (methoxyamine) reverses TMZ resistance in preclinical glioma models. We aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of oral TRC102+TMZ in recurrent GBM (rGBM).

Patients and Methods:

A preregistered (NCT02395692), nonrandomized, multicenter, phase 2 clinical trial (BERT) was planned and conducted through the Adult Brain Tumor Consortium (ABTC-1402). Arm 1 included patients with bevacizumab-naïve GBM at the first recurrence, with the primary endpoint of response rates. If sufficient activity was identified, a second arm was planned for the bevacizumab-refractory patients. The secondary endpoints were overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), PFS at 6 months (PFS6), and toxicity.

Results:

Arm 1 enrolled 19 patients with a median of two treatment cycles. Objective responses were not observed; hence, arm 2 did not open. The median OS was 11.1 months [95% confidence interval (CI), 8.2–17.9]. The median PFS was 1.9 months (95% CI, 1.8–3.7). The PFS6 was 10.5% (95% CI, 1.3%–33.1%). Most toxicities were grades 1 and 2, with two grade 3 lymphopenias and one grade 4 thrombocytopenia. Two patients with PFS ≥ 17 months and OS > 32 months were deemed “extended survivors.” RNA sequencing of tumor tissue, obtained at diagnosis, demonstrated significantly enriched signatures of DNA damage response (DDR), chromosomal instability (CIN70, CIN25), and cellular proliferation (PCNA25) in “extended survivors.”

Conclusions:

These findings confirm the safety and feasibility of TRC102+TMZ in patients with rGBM. They also warrant further evaluation of combination therapy in biomarker-enriched trials enrolling GBM patients with baseline hyperactivated DDR pathways.