bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Probabilistic acoustic predictions leveraging NESBA and ARGO measurements
Authors: Stevens Bill , Siderius Martin
Published: July 2024

Ocean acoustic propagation models used for sonar performance prediction often rely on global or regional ocean modeling and data assimilation, or monthly climatologic averages, for estimating the 4D ocean temperature and salinity (T/S) field. Ocean models rely heavily on satellite-based ocean surface measurements, e.g., sea surface temperature (SST) and height (SSH), plus typically vastly less resolved in space and time vertical water column measurements derived using ship-based and/or ARGO float instruments. Systems also exist that create 3D synthetic T/S fields from satellite SST/SSH measurements, e.g., the Modular Ocean Data Assimilation System (MODAS) and the more recent Improved Synthetic Ocean Profile (ISOP) system. It is unclear, however, how well these synthetic T/S fields capture significant ocean ducting conditions. Similarly, climatologic averages combine historical vertical T/S profile data in spatial cells by month; but the averaging process tends to blur out important features. This talk will address the use of 2021 New England Shelf Break Acoustics (NESBA) experiment and ARGO vertical profile data for: (1) testing the degree to which ocean models or climatology capture important acoustic features under a range of conditions; and (2) providing more realistic sonar performance prediction means and uncertainties. [Work supported by the Office of Naval Research].
Localized compaction of collagen hydrogels using acoustic droplet vaporization promotes osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Maji Somnath , Aliabouzar Mitra , Quesada Carole , Macpherson Aidan , Zhang Man , Baker Brendon M. , Franceschi Renny , Fabiilli Mario L.
Published: July 2024

The lineage specification of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is dependent on matrix stiffness, with osteogenesis promoted on or within stiff microenvironments. Unlike native extracellular matrix, conventional hydrogels have relatively static and uniform mechanical properties, thereby limiting the study of how spatiotemporally controlled mechanical cues impact MSC behavior. Here, we spatiotemporally control MSC differentiation in 3D hydrogels by actively modulating matrix stiffness using acoustic droplet vaporization (ADV). An acoustically responsive scaffold (ARS) was generated by co-encapsulating MSCs and perfluorohexane-based emulsion (13 μm) within type I collagen. ADV was used to generate bubbles within the ARS. Bubble diameter and the width of the compacted matrix region increased over time following ADV. Atomic force microscopy measurements demonstrated that the hydrogel region proximal to the bubble was significantly stiffer than the distal regions. Significantly greater levels of Runx2 and osteocalcin expression were observed in MSCs proximal to bubbles compared to distal on days 7 and 14. Higher alkaline phosphatase activity also validated the above findings. The significant upregulation of these osteogenic biomarkers suggests ADV-induced, mechanical changes in ARSs were sufficient to enhance osteogenic differentiation of MSCs. This approach is a significant step towards controlling the 3D differentiation of MSCs in a spatially localized, non-invasive, and on-demand manner.
Acoustoelastic characterization of aluminum plates using zero group velocity Lamb modes
Authors: Morales Rosa E. , Pathak Niket , Lum Jordan , Kube Christopher M. , Murray Todd , Stobbe David M.
Published: July 2024

Acoustoelasticity, a characteristic of material anharmonicity, gives rise to a link between wave propagation velocity and the stress state in materials. Ultrasonic techniques to monitor this coupling, particularly with high sensitivity and in a noncontact manner, can have widespread application both in the quantification of applied and residual stress and in the characterization of nonlinear material behavior through measurement of higher order elastic constants. Here, we use a laser ultrasonic technique to excite and detect zero group velocity (ZGV) Lamb wave resonances in aluminum plates under uniaxial loading. A laser line source is used to excite these resonances at different orientations with respect to the applied load and the signals are detected using an interferometer. The effects of stress and source orientation on ZGV resonance frequencies are validated using the theory of acoustoelastic Lamb wave propagation. In addition, a model-based inversion technique is used to extract Murnaghan’s third-order elastic constants from measurements of the stress dependence of the first two ZGV modes generated parallel and perpendicular to the applied load. Laser generation and detection of ZGV resonances is shown to be an effective and powerful approach for the noncontact and nondestructive acoustoelastic characterization of elastic waveguides.
Long-term acoustic emission monitoring of a new alkali-activated material for sealing structures in nuclear waste repositories
Authors: Sklodowska Anna M. , Lay Vera , Baensch Franziska , Niederleithinger Ernst , Kühne Hans-Carsten
Published: July 2024

The crucial part of nuclear waste storage is the construction of sealing structures made of reliable, well-understood, and safe materials. Within the SealWasteSafe project, we compared the performance of an innovative alkali-activated material (AAM) and standard salt concrete (SC), as potential materials for sealing structures for nuclear waste repositories. Two 340-liter-cubic specimens were studied for up to ∼250 days by a multisensory monitoring setup. Specifically, the long-term acoustic emission monitoring aimed to analyze the development of microstructural changes within materials. The monitoring analysis showed fewer acoustic emission events in AAM compared to SC in the first 61 days. After approximately two months of monitoring, the number of AE events in AAM significantly exceeded the number of events in SC. The analysis showed, however, that the increased AE activity was mainly caused by the surface effects of the AAM material and not by the formation of cracks within the material. This contribution presents the use of acoustic emission analysis, both in the time and frequency domains, for monitoring and characterization of materials with potential use as engineering barriers for nuclear waste repositories.
Cochlear hair bundle dynamics: modeling calcium effects and row-wise interactions
Authors: Goyal Varun , Grosh Karl
Published: July 2024

External vibrations cause the eardrum to oscillate, resulting in the excitation of the sensory structures of the cochlea. In this talk, we focus on the hair bundles (HBs) of the outer hair cells situated inside the cochlea. These bundles, protruding from the cells, convert mechanical motion into electrical currents. Experimental observations reveal that the calcium concentration inside the stereocilia (hair-like structures that comprise the HB) influences current adaptation. This regulation impacts shifts of the curve, sensitivity, and active range of bundles. We aim to mechanistically understand the intracellular calcium effects by adjusting the adaptation complex in our HB model. We modified model parameters to match experimental data on current, bundle displacement, and shift trends at different calcium concentrations. This involved increasing the adaptation stiffness, stall force, stereocilia pivot, and gating stiffness. A stiffer adaptation spring reduces ion-channel reclosure, affecting the steady-state response. A higher stall force lessens the effective force on the adaptation complex, replicating experimental observations. Unlike the other properties, pivot, and gating stiffness likely do not depend on calcium concentration. Therefore, we will conduct error minimization analyses to identify adaptation complex properties while maintaining constant pivot and gating stiffness across calcium concentrations. Work supported by NIH grant NIH-NIDCD-R01 04084.
Optimization of classifying accurate and misarticulated speech sounds for use in a gamified real-time ultrasound biofeedback system
Authors: Biehl Sarah C. , Dugan Sarah , Li Sarah R. , Knapp Alex , Seward Renee , Riley Michael A. , Boyce Suzanne , Mast T. Douglas
Published: July 2024

Integrating ultrasound biofeedback therapy (UBT) into a real-time, gamified interface to provide articulatory feedback for speech remediation promotes an external focus of attention, thereby reducing the complex cognitive demands required for standard UBT. Previous studies have shown that accuracy of American English rhotic /r/ can be predicted by a single parameter, the difference between tongue dorsum and blade displacements measured by ultrasound imaging during speech production. This parameter has classified speech productions of rhotic syllables as correct versus misarticulated with a classification accuracy up to 85%. However, implementation of this classification approach into real-time gamified UBT, including both measurement timing and establishment of difficulty levels for progressive therapy, would benefit from optimization using a larger dataset. 2,450 productions of 10 distinct rhotic syllables (including prevocalic and postvocalic contexts) from 50 children, with and without misarticulations, were analyzed. For each production, ultrasound image sequences were processed by TonguePART software to acquire tongue displacement trajectories, and accuracy was judged by trained listeners using a visual analog scale. Analyses were conducted to optimize selection of the image frame for classification, determine parameter thresholds appropriate for real-time prediction of /r/ production accuracy, and integrate these thresholds into a difficulty level design for gamified UBT.
Clinical applications for automatic detection of creaky voice
Authors: Bellavance Sarah R. , Johnson Aaron
Published: July 2024

Creaky voice is a voice quality in which a low amount of subglottal air pressure, a condensed vocal fold structure, and a high closed quotient of vibration combine to create the auditory percept of a series of pulses at a low pitch. While this voice quality is often nonpathological, it can also co-occur with vocal pathologies. Identification of creak in the speech signal is most often done manually. Automatic creak detection algorithms have been created to streamline and produce replicable workflows. These algorithms have steadily increased in reliability, with COVAREP (Degottex et al., 2014) as the newest state-of-the-art. While preliminary studies have demonstrated promising findings using artificial neural networks with clinical data, artificial neural networks typically improve with diverse data testing. The current study implements COVAREP on a novel dataset, both in terms of speakers and speech types. Deidentified patient diagnoses were matched to audio recordings collected from January 2021 through September 2023. Relevant portions of audio recordings were extracted using a Praat script, and COVAREP was implemented on the extracted audio files in MATLAB. Ongoing analyses correlating percentage of creak detected and vocal pathology diagnoses will be discussed. Finally, the results will be compared to those of previous work.
Exploring facial gestures and visual speech articulation cues during the production of Canadian English voiced stops
Authors: Rabideau Theresa , Ahn Suzy
Published: July 2024

Decades of research on visual information for speech has demonstrated the informativeness of visual cues to enhance (Cho et al., 2020; Kawase et al., 2014) and influence (MacDonald and McGurk, 1978) speech perception. However, it is unclear which specific visual cues are spatially and temporally correlated to certain features of speech segments. This study explored visual cues of voicing during the production of Canadian English stops using facial recognition technology (Baltrušaitis et al., 2018) and manual coding (using ELAN 2022). We recorded the audio along with two videos, capturing both front and side views simultaneously, from six native Canadian English speakers. We paid special attention to the throat (larynx), chin, and neck areas which have been understudied by the previous literature. Preliminary data shows expanding movement in the submental triangle and throat during the production of voiced stops compared to voiceless stops. This finding supports tongue body lowering and larynx lowering found in the production of English voiced stops (Westbury, 1983). The comparison between utterance initial stops with post-vocalic stops shows that certain visual cues may be related to phonological voicing categorization irrespective of actual voicing during closure, while others reflect phonetic voicing reality.
The Carceral Logic of Female Eligibility Policies: Gender as a Civilizing Narrative, the Science of Sex Testing, and Anti-Trans Legislation1
Authors: Travers
Published: July 2024

Female eligibility policies punish people for gender nonconformity and normalize patriarchal rule. These policies were used first to exclude women deemed “too masculine” from competing against women who more closely conform to gender stereotypes. In recent years, this form of discipline has dovetailed with efforts to determine the circumstances, if any, under which transgender women may compete against cisgender women. Modern sport, as a set of institutions, does not stand apart from capitalism, colonialism, white supremacy, and heteropatriarchy. In this article, I use a prison abolitionist lens to connect anti-trans campaigns and female eligibility policies that police sporting identity to the carceral logics of racial capitalism to make the argument that sex surveillance is related to race, social control, and capital accumulation.
Phospholipase C beta 1 in the dentate gyrus gates fear memory formation through regulation of neuronal excitability
Authors: Lee Jinsu , Jeong Yeonji , Park Seahyung , Kim Sungsoo , Oh Hyunsik , Jin Ju-Ae , Sohn Jong-Woo , Kim Daesoo , Shin Hee-Sup , Do Heo Won
Published: July 2024

Memory processes rely on a molecular signaling system that balances the interplay between positive and negative modulators. Recent research has focused on identifying memory-regulating genes and their mechanisms. Phospholipase C beta 1 (PLCβ1), highly expressed in the hippocampus, reportedly serves as a convergence point for signal transduction through G protein-coupled receptors. However, the detailed role of PLCβ1 in memory function has not been elucidated. Here, we demonstrate that PLCβ1 in the dentate gyrus functions as a memory suppressor. We reveal that mice lacking PLCβ1 in the dentate gyrus exhibit a heightened fear response and impaired memory extinction, and this excessive fear response is repressed by upregulation of PLCβ1 through its overexpression or activation using a newly developed optogenetic system. Last, our results demonstrate that PLCβ1 overexpression partially inhibits exaggerated fear response caused by traumatic experience. Together, PLCβ1 is crucial in regulating contextual fear memory formation and potentially enhancing the resilience to trauma-related conditions.
A large-scale surveillance revealed that KPC variants mediated ceftazidime-avibactam resistance in clinically isolated
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Authors: Qiao Sai , Xin Shaojun , Zhu Yufeng , Zhao Feng , Wu Heng , Zhang Jingjing , Yao Bingyan , Yu Yunsong , Fu Ying , Jiang Yan , Xie Xinyou , Zhang Jun
Published: July 2024

To monitor the resistance rate and gain a deeper understanding of the resistance mechanisms, we conducted over a 2-year surveillance focusing on the
Klebsiella pneumoniae
associated with the clinical usage of ceftazidime-avibactam (CZA) in a teaching hospital. A total of 4,641
K
.
pneumoniae
isolates were screened to identify the CZA resistance through antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Comprehensive analyses, including homology analysis, conjugation experiments, clone assays, and whole genome sequencing, were furtherly performed on the CZA-resistant strains. In total, four CZA-resistant
K. pneumoniae
(CZA-R-Kp) strains were separated from four patients, in which three of them received CZA treatment during the hospitalization, accounting for a 4% (3/75) resistance development rate of
K. pneumoniae
under CZA stress. All CZA-R-Kp isolates were found to possess variants of
bla
KPC-2
. The identified mutations included
bla
KPC-33
,
bla
KPC-86
, and a novel variant designated as
bla
KPC-129
, all of which were located in the Ω loop of the KPC enzyme. These mutations were found to impact the amino acid sequence and spatial structure of the enzyme’s active center, consequently affecting KPC carbapenemase activity. This study underscores the importance of active surveillance to monitor the emergence of resistance to CZA, highlighting the need for ongoing research to develop effective strategies for combating antimicrobial resistance. Understanding the mechanisms behind resistance is crucial in maintaining the efficacy of CZA, a vital tool in the battle against multidrug-resistant infections.

IMPORTANCE

As an effective drug for the treatment of carbapenem-resistant
Klebsiella pneumoniae
, ceftazidime-avibactam (CZA) began to develop resistance in recent years and showed an increasing trend. In order to effectively monitor the resistance rate of CZA and understand its resistance mechanism, we monitored
K. pneumoniae
for more than 2 years to find CZA-resistant strains. Through comprehensive analysis of the selected CZA-resistant strains, it was found that all the CZA-resistant strains had mutation, which could affect the activity of KPC carbapenemase. This study highlights the importance of proactive surveillance to monitor the emergence of CZA resistance, which highlights the need for ongoing research to develop effective strategies to combat antimicrobial resistance. Understanding the mechanisms behind resistance is critical to maintaining the effectiveness of CZA, an important tool in the fight against multidrug-resistant infections.
Treatment drop-in in a contemporary cohort used to derive cardiovascular risk prediction equations
Authors: Liang Jingyuan , Jackson Rodney T , Pylypchuk Romana , Choi Yeunhyang , Chung Claris , Crengle Sue , Gao Pei , Grey Corina , Harwood Matire , Holt Anders , Kerr Andrew , Mehta Suneela , Wells Susan , Poppe Katrina
Published: July 2024

Background

No routinely recommended cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk prediction equations have adjusted for CVD preventive medications initiated during follow-up (treatment drop-in) in their derivation cohorts. This will lead to underestimation of risk when equations are applied in clinical practice if treatment drop-in is common. We aimed to quantify the treatment drop-in in a large contemporary national cohort to determine whether equations are likely to require adjustment.

Methods

Eight de-identified individual-level national health administrative datasets in Aotearoa New Zealand were linked to establish a cohort of almost all New Zealanders without CVD and aged 30–74 years in 2006. Individuals dispensing blood-pressure-lowering and/or lipid-lowering medications between 1 July 2006 and 31 December 2006 (baseline dispensing), and in each 6-month period during 12 years’ follow-up to 31 December 2018 (follow-up dispensing), were identified. Person-years of treatment drop-in were determined.

Results

A total of 1 399 348 (80%) out of the 1 746 695 individuals in the cohort were not dispensed CVD medications at baseline. Blood-pressure-lowering and/or lipid-lowering treatment drop-in accounted for 14% of follow-up time in the group untreated at baseline and increased significantly with increasing predicted baseline 5-year CVD risk (12%, 31%, 34% and 37% in <5%, 5–9%, 10–14% and ≥15% risk groups, respectively) and with increasing age (8% in 30–44 year-olds to 30% in 60–74 year-olds).

Conclusions

CVD preventive treatment drop-in accounted for approximately one-third of follow-up time among participants typically eligible for preventive treatment (≥5% 5-year predicted risk). Equations derived from cohorts with long-term follow-up that do not adjust for treatment drop-in effect will underestimate CVD risk in higher risk individuals and lead to undertreatment. Future CVD risk prediction studies need to address this potential flaw.
Fault Location in Distribution Network Based on RNN and Transfer Learning
Authors: Li Kewen , Yu Xiaoyong , Ou Shifeng , Pan Jueming
Published: June 2024

Fault location in distribution networks is a major challenge that needs to be addressed in power distribution systems. Currently, fault location methods based on matrix algorithms, genetic algorithms, deep learning, and other algorithms have received wide attention from the industry. However, such methods have some drawbacks: (1) they require high accuracy in fault information uploads, which can lead to low fault tolerance; (2) they tend to converge early and get stuck in local optimal solutions; (3) they involve high computational complexity, leading to location delays. In this study, we propose a fault location framework based on recurrent neural network (RNN) and transfer learning. In this method, we first encode the information data collected from distribution terminals, and then use RNN to establish a nonlinear mapping relationship between fault features and fault location intervals, which effectively improves fault tolerance and reduces misjudgment issues. We then use transfer learning to load the pre-trained model onto the target task to address the problem of insufficient data for fault location in distribution networks. Experimental results show that after 15 rounds of training, our T-RNN model has achieved over 80% accuracy. Benefiting from Glorot weight initialization adopted after transfer learning, the model achieves good performance early on compared to the BP model, converges faster, and ultimately achieves a prediction accuracy of 96.5%.
Generalized Bio-Plausible Neuron Model with Refractoriness, Frequency Adaptation and Dynamic Threshold
Authors: Sheriff I. Munavar , Sakthivel R.
Published: June 2024

Real biological neurons are dynamical systems that can process a nonlinear, arbitrary input signal with a dynamic threshold voltage, exhibit refractory time, and have a smooth [Formula: see text]–[Formula: see text] curve. This paper presents a generalized bio-plausible neuron model with refractoriness, frequency adaptation, and dynamic threshold. The spiking characteristics of the generalized neuron are enhanced with less circuitry and fewer parameters compared to older circuits. The proposed silicon neuron can generate all known spiking behaviors, just like a biological neuron. The circuit is designed using a 180 nm standard CMOS process. The entire design uses 22 transistors with a total power consumption of only 2 nW for a 1 nA step current at a spike frequency of 122 Hz. The power consumption and spike frequency rate depend on the input current. The proposed neuron is also capable of displaying both Type I and Type II frequency response characteristics. In addition, our neuron model underwent Monte Carlo simulation with 1000 sample runs to assess its robustness and stability against process variations and uncertainties. The results indicate that the average energy consumption of the proposed neuron model falls within the range of 16 pJ to 68 pJ.
Bifurcations of a Laminated Circular Cylindrical Shell
Authors: Zhang D. M. , Li F.
Published: June 2024

In this paper, the stability and local bifurcations of a composite laminated circular cylindrical shell with radially pre-stretched membranes are explored by using analytical and numerical methods. On the basis of the four-dimensional averaged equation in the case of 1:1 internal resonance, three types of critical points are studied in detail. They are characterized as (1) one pair of purely imaginary eigenvalues and two negative eigenvalues; (2) a simple zero and one pair of purely imaginary eigenvalues; (3) two pairs of purely imaginary eigenvalues in nonresonant case. With the aid of normal form theory and Maple software, the steady-state solutions and the stability regions of the initial equilibrium solutions are obtained. The explicit expressions for the critical bifurcation curves leading to static bifurcation and Hopf bifurcation are also presented. The presence of Hopf bifurcation indicates that the circular cylindrical shell will flutter. The results contribute to the design of reasonable structure parameters to avoid flutter. Finally, numerical simulations are also presented to demonstrate the good agreement with the analytical predictions.
Clasp pass moves and arrow polynomials of virtual knots
Authors: Sakurai Migiwa
Published: June 2024

For classical knots, clasp pass moves are closely related to Vassiliev invariants of degree [Formula: see text]. Tsukamoto showed that the values of the Vassiliev invariant of degree [Formula: see text] induced from the Jones polynomial for two knots differ by [Formula: see text] or [Formula: see text], if they are related by a single clasp pass move. For virtual knots, the arrow polynomial is a generalization of the Jones polynomial and induces a Vassiliev invariant of degree [Formula: see text]. We show that the values of the Vassiliev invariant of degree [Formula: see text] induced from the arrow polynomial of two virtual knots differ by [Formula: see text] or [Formula: see text], if they are related by a single clasp pass move. We also obtain a lower bound of the distance between virtual knots by clasp pass moves.
On the geometry and bounded cohomology of racks and quandles
Authors: Kędra Jarek
Published: June 2024

In this paper, we introduce and investigate a natural family of metrics on connected components of a rack. The metrics are closely related to certain bi-invariant metrics on the group of inner automorphisms of the rack. We also introduce a bounded cohomology of racks and quandles, relate them to the above metrics and prove a vanishing result for racks and quandles with amenable group of inner automorphisms.
STUDY ON THE FRICTION AND WEAR PROPERTIES AND SURFACE INTEGRITY OF GCr15 BEARING STEEL UNDER DIFFERENT GRINDING METHODS
Authors: HELONG TAN , YONGXIANG SU , GUANG CHEN , CHENGZU REN
Published: June 2024

In the field of precision machining, there are two widely used grinding methods for the same type of abrasive, namely, fixed abrasive grinding, and free abrasive grinding. In this paper, we utilized a self-developed rolling-sliding ratio controllable friction and wear testing machine to investigate the friction and wear properties of GCr15 bearing steel ground by fixed/free abrasive grinding under rolling and sliding motion, with varying abrasive particle sizes. The surface morphology and roughness of the ground bearing steel were observed and measured using a laser confocal microscope and white light interferometer. Results showed that under rolling and sliding conditions, the coefficient of friction for fixed abrasive grinding was higher than for free abrasive grinding. Under sliding conditions, the grinding efficiency of the fixed abrasive wheel is higher. However, in the case of wheel blockage, the grinding efficiency would significantly decrease. Conversely, the grinding efficiency of free abrasive grinding was observed to be stable throughout the grinding process. Under the same conditions of abrasive particle size in the sliding state, free abrasive grinding showed better surface integrity of bearing steel compared to fixed abrasive grinding.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY AND OPTIMIZATION OF SUBMERGED ARC WELDING PARAMETERS FOR AISI 1055 STEEL USING RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY
Authors: KODAVATY ISAAC SPURGEON , KOMMINENI RAVINDRA
Published: June 2024

In order to forecast and regulate the quality of the weld with improved mechanical qualities while automating the welding process for an increased production rate, a relationship between the process parameters must be developed. The relationship between the welding parameters and the mechanical properties can be easily tracked using the response surface methodology. The aim of this study is to optimize the parameters in the submerged arc welding of AISI 1055 steel using Box–Behnken design in response surface methodology. The metal deposition rate is more influenced by the current, which simultaneously improves the mechanical properties of the weld. The optimized process parameters are 349.94[Formula: see text]A for current, 52.90[Formula: see text]V for voltage, and 0.6[Formula: see text]m/min for carrier speed. These optimized performance parameters are 461.72[Formula: see text]N/mm2 for ultimate tensile strength, 35.26[Formula: see text]J for impact strength, and 41.95[Formula: see text]HRC for hardness. The desirability of 0.718 is obtained for the developed optimization model, which proves the reliability of the model in the actual experimentation.
Irreducible modules for map Heisenberg–Virasoro Lie algebras
Authors: Chakraborty Priyanshu
Published: June 2024

We study irreducible modules for map Heisenberg–Virasoro algebras. In particular, we give a complete classification of irreducible Harish–Chandra modules for map Heisenberg–Virasoro algebras. We will also classify non-weight irreducible modules for map Heisenberg–Virasoro algebras whose restriction on the degree zero part of the universal enveloping algebra of Witt algebra is free of rank 1.
The regularity and unimodality of h-polynomial of corona graphs
Authors: Hoang Do Trong , Pham My Hanh , Trung Tran Nam
Published: June 2024

Let [Formula: see text] be a family of nonempty graphs indexed by the vertex set of a graph [Formula: see text]. The corona graph [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] is the disjoint union of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], with additional edges joining each vertex [Formula: see text] to all the vertices of [Formula: see text]. In this paper, we are deeply concerned in investigating the (induced) matching number of the graph [Formula: see text]. It consequently gives an explicit formula to compute the Castelnuovo–Mumford regularity of edge ideal of this graph. Moreover, we propose a close relationship between independence polynomial of corona graph and [Formula: see text]-polynomial of its independence simplicial complexes. Thereby, the formula of [Formula: see text]-polynomial is established and some results related to the unimodality and real-rootedness are presented.
Maximum Profit Chinese Postman Problems Using Fuzzy Weighted Edge Length
Authors: Samanifar Samira , Nehi Hassan Mishmast , Ahmadzade Hamed
Published: June 2024

The problem of the Chinese postman is one of the types of the problem of the Chinese postman, which includes 4 models in this paper. In the first case, the postman moves from the origin, he must go through each edge at least once and then move to the destination, which in the first case, the destination is the same as the original origin. That is, the postman returns to the original origin. In the second case, the postman moves from the origin. We determine the destination so that the postman does not have to go back to the original source to incur a fee. In the third case, the postman moves from the origin to the destination that the computer program determines for him, in this way, he incurs a lower cost than in the second case because the GAMS programming determines a destination for us that costs less than all destinations. In the fourth case, both the origin and the destination are determined by programming so that all the edges are covered, which is less expensive than all the origins and destinations. The weight of edges is not constant due to different factors. Triangular fuzzy numbers are used in this study, which is included in the coefficients of the objective function of these fuzzy numbers. Two different ranking methods are used for fuzzification and the obtained results are compared with each other. The solution is done using GAMS software. Mathematical models cannot find solutions in large sizes and for this reason, the Lagrangian algorithm is used to solve these problems. After the problems are solved using the Lagrangian algorithm, the results of different fuzzy ranking methods are compared
Insights into the Significance of Ternary Hybrid Nanofluid Flow Between Two Rotating Disks in the Presence of Gyrotactic Microorganisms
Authors: Khan Humera , Yaseen Moh , Rawat Sawan Kumar , Khan Arshad
Published: June 2024

The ecology of marine life and other biotic processes, such as septicity, are influenced by the drive of microorganism cells in the fluid. Considering the transference mechanism in nanofluids including a microbial suspension is imperative for several chemical and medical applications. This study examines the bioconvection of an Al2O3-Graphene-CNT/water ternary hybrid nanofluid between two infinitely parallel spinning disks in a porous media under the influence of heat source/sink and radiation. The Cattaneo–Christov model has been employed to inspect the transference mechanism of mass and heat. The MATLAB function “bvp4c” is used to numerically tackle the governing equations. The relationship between the most relevant variables and the motile microorganism’s density, velocity, temperature, concentration of nanoparticles and other characteristics is graphically represented. Last, figures are provided to illustrate how several important elements relate to the Nusselt and Sherwood number, and local motile microbe density number. The heat transfer rate is seen to be higher at the upper disk than at the lower disk. A rise in the volume fraction of nanoparticles causes the heat transfer rate at both disks to increase. The outcomes of this study will be useful for a wide range of architectural designs, transportation systems, oil recovery systems with microbes, medical sectors and other industries that utilize nanofluids.
Spatial Variation of Earthquake Hazard for Amaravati City of Peninsular India: A Probabilistic Approach
Authors: Satyannarayana Rambha , Rajesh Bande Giridhar
Published: June 2024

Earthquakes begin with abrupt shifts along the faults. These movements release seismic waves that propagate through the Earth, shaking the ground as a result of the stored “elastic strain” energy being released. Property loss and human deaths occur due to improper design of structures under the earthquake loading conditions. It is observed that Peninsular India witnessed steady-to-serious earthquakes in the last 50 years. Amaravati is the prospective capital city of Andhra Pradesh State, which is situated on the Coromandel Coast of Peninsular India. The upcoming capital city, Amaravati, requires an earthquake hazard analysis because important engineering structures and infrastructure systems will be constructed in the near future. In this study, a probabilistic approach is used to assess the earthquake hazard for Amaravati City (latitudes: 16∘24[Formula: see text]36[Formula: see text]–16∘35[Formula: see text]24[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]N and longitudes: 80∘24[Formula: see text]25[Formula: see text]–80∘36[Formula: see text]18[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]E), India. The seismic risks of Amaravati City presented in terms of the configuration of ground motion parameters, peak ground acceleration (PGA), and spectral response acceleration ([Formula: see text]) at 0.05[Formula: see text]s and 1[Formula: see text]s for 2% and 10% Risks of Exceedance in 50 years, are produced. The uncertainties involved in seismic risk prediction are accounted for by selecting different attenuation relations developed for globally shallow crustal intraplate earthquakes with a logic tree approach. Additionally, the seismic risk values are disaggregated for Amaravati City (16∘31[Formula: see text]37[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]N and 80∘29[Formula: see text]46[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]E) to understand the individual contributions of seismic sources in terms of earthquake magnitude and site distance. The uniform hazard spectra are developed for the important places of the Amaravati Capital City and are compared with the Indian seismic code [IS 1893 (Part 1): Criteria for earthquake-resistant design of structures — Part 1: General provisions and buildings] for the rocky site. It is found that the estimated PGA values for Amaravati City are higher than the values recommended by IS 1893 (Part 1) for the rocky site. The results of this study will be very helpful for the composition of earthquake-resistant infrastructures in Amaravati City.
On unstable twisted rational cohomology groups of the automorphism groups of free groups
Authors: Satoh Takao
Published: June 2024

In this paper, we consider low-dimensional twisted rational cohomology groups of the automorphism groups of free groups. In particular, we study behaviors of Kawazumi’s cocycles by observing their restrictions to the IA-automorphism groups. We show the nontrivialities of certain unstable twisted cocycles constructed from Kawazumi’s cocycles, and compute the second and the third cohomology groups of the automorphism group of the free group of rank three with coefficients in the exterior powers of the abelianization of the free group.
Simple infinite presentations for the mapping class group of a compact non-orientable surface
Authors: Kobayashi Ryoma
Published: June 2024

Omori and the author [R. Kobayashi and G. Omori, An infinite presentation for the mapping class group of a non-orientable surface with boundary, Osaka J. Math. 59(2) (2022) 269–314] have given an infinite presentation for the mapping class group of a compact non-orientable surface. In this paper, we give more simple infinite presentations for this group.
Simplicial volume and 0-strata of separating filtrations
Authors: Alpert Hannah
Published: June 2024

We use Papasoglu’s method of area-minimizing separating sets to give an alternative proof, and explicit constants, for the following theorem of Guth and Braun–Sauer: If [Formula: see text] is a closed, oriented, connected [Formula: see text]-dimensional manifold, with a Riemannian metric such that every ball of radius [Formula: see text] in the universal cover of [Formula: see text] has volume at most [Formula: see text], then the simplicial volume of [Formula: see text] is at most the volume of [Formula: see text] times a constant depending on [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text].
Apartment classes of integral symplectic groups
Authors: Brück Benjamin , Sroka Robin J.
Published: June 2024

In this paper, we present an alternative proof of a theorem of Gunnells, which states that the Steinberg module of [Formula: see text] is a cyclic [Formula: see text]-module, generated by integral apartment classes.
Heterophase states in ferroelectric solid solutions of sodium, potassium and cadmium niobates
Authors: Moysa M. O. , Topolov V. Yu. , Shilkina L. A. , Andryushin K. P. , Reznichenko L. A.
Published: June 2024

An analysis of heterophase states was carried out for ferro-active solid solutions of the system ([Formula: see text])NaNbO[Formula: see text]KNbO[Formula: see text]CdNb2O6. A complete stress relief at interfaces between phases in solid solutions with [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], 0.40, and 0.45 is realized at the single-domain state of the tetragonal and orthorhombic phases. In solid solutions with [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] and 0.20, as well as with [Formula: see text] and 0.10, and [Formula: see text], the formation of a planar interphase boundary being parallel to a zero-net-strain plane occurs at the elastic matching of the single-domain tetragonal and polydomain orthorhombic phases. In contrast to this, at [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], 0.30, and 0.35, the complete stress relief is associated with a co-existence of the single-domain orthorhombic and polydomain tetragonal phases, however in some cases, the tetragonal phase aims at a monodomainization.
Dielectric percolation in ceramic matrix composites
Authors: Rybyanets A. N. , Shvetsova N. A. , Shvetsov I. A. , Kolpacheva N. A.
Published: June 2024

This paper presents the results of an experimental study of the percolation behavior of the complex dielectric constant of ceramic matrix composites (CMC). Samples of piezoactive CMC were obtained by joint sintering of synthesized PZT piezoceramic powder (matrix) and crushed particles of sintered PZT piezoceramics (filler) of different compositions. The experimental dependencies of real and imaginary parts of the complex dielectric constant of CMC on the porosity of piezoceramic matrix and volume content of ceramic filler particles were measured and analyzed. It was shown that the additional porosity of the ceramic matrix resulting from sintering of the CMC masks the dielectric percolation transition, that actually occurs at the volume concentration of ceramic filler close to percolation threshold (V ∼ 1/3).
Repeat, Reproduce, Replicate
Authors: Neville-Neil George V.
Published: June 2024

Unless a result relies on a specific hardware trick, such as a proprietary accelerator or modified instruction set, it is possible to reproduce the results of one group by a different one. Unlike the physicists we don't have to build a second Hadron Collider to verify the result of the first. We have millions of similar, and sometimes identical, devices, on which to reproduce our results. All that is required is the will to do so.
Resource Allocation in D2D‐Enabled 5G Networks Using Multiagent Reinforcement Learning
Authors: Obour Agyekum Kwame Opuni-Boachie , Boakye Alex Yaw , Appati Benedict , Opoku Jochebed Akoto , Agyemang Justice Owusu , Boateng Gordon Owusu , Gadze James Dzisi
Published: June 2024

Device‐to‐device (D2D) communication is a promising technology in fifth‐generation (5G) wireless networks, offering enhanced system capacity, spectrum performance, and energy efficiency. However, D2D links can introduce interference with cellular links, posing challenges in spectrum allocation and network quality assurance. This paper presents a novel approach using multiagent reinforcement learning with a proximal policy optimization algorithm to address the resource allocation problem in D2D networks. The proposed algorithm aims to optimize overall throughput and maximize the signal‐to‐interference noise ratio (SINR) while ensuring low computational complexity. The study introduces the following two key techniques: staggered training and decentralized execution. Staggered training improves agent performance and minimizes computational complexity by training agents one at a time in a sequential manner. This allows agents to learn from each other’s mistakes and avoid local minima. Decentralized execution enhances scalability and system robustness by enabling agents to learn and act independently without relying on communication with other agents. In the event of agent failure, the remaining agents can continue operating. The findings of this work demonstrate a significant improvement in energy efficiency (EE) and an enhancement in the quality of service (QoS) of the network. Overall, the algorithm proves to be a promising solution for resource allocation in multiagent D2D networks, offering notable improvements in EE and QoS while maintaining scalability for large networks.
Nuclear Waste Management: A Mini Review on Waste Package Characterization Approaches
Authors: Abdel Rahman R. O. , Ojovan M. I.
Published: June 2024

The characterization of nuclear wastes is the first step toward their efficient management, as the efficient identification of the chemical, physical, biological, mechanical, and/or radiological properties of these materials is crucial to optimize their management scheme. In particular, the radiological characterization of the nuclear waste packages is challenged by many factors that require the identification of integrated characterization schemes that rely on the use of both conventional and innovative techniques. In this work, the strategies and approaches adopted for nuclear waste characterization are discussed with special reference to innovative characterization techniques with respect to waste packages. In this regard, both nondestructive and destructive techniques that are conventionally used to analyze raw and processed nuclear waste packages are overviewed. The separation methods that are implemented to identify most of the radionuclides of concern are given, where the radiometric methods are outlined for those radionuclides. The implementation of scaling factor methodology to ensure reliable characterization will be highlighted.
IMA‐LSTM: An Interaction‐Based Model Combining Multihead Attention with LSTM for Trajectory Prediction in Multivehicle Interaction Scenario
Authors: Yin Xiaohong , Wen Jingpeng , Lei Tian , Xiao Gaoyao , Zhan Qihua
Published: June 2024

The rapid development of vehicle‐to‐vehicle (V2V) communication technology provides more opportunities to improve traffic safety and efficiency, which facilitates the exchange of multivehicle information to mine potential patterns and hidden associations in vehicle trajectory prediction. To address the importance of fine‐grained vehicle interaction modelling in vehicle trajectory prediction, the present work proposes an integrated vehicle trajectory prediction model that combines the multihead attention mechanism with long short‐term memory (IMA‐LSTM) in multivehicle interaction scenarios. Compared to existing studies, a dedicated feature extraction module including both individual features and interactive features is designed and sophisticated multihead attention mechanism is applied with LSTM framework to capture the variation of spatial‐temporal interactions between vehicles. The performance of the proposed model in different scenarios is examined using both the high‐D and the NGSIM dataset through comprehensive comparison experiments. The results indicate that the proposed IMA‐LSTM model presents great improvement in vehicle trajectory prediction performance in different scenarios compared to the model that does not consider multivehicle interaction features. Moreover, it outperforms other existing models in 3–5s prediction horizons and such superiority is more evident in left lane‐changing (LLC) scenarios than lane‐keeping (LK) and right lane‐changing (RLC) scenarios. The outcomes fully address the importance of fine‐grained interactive feature modelling in improving vehicle trajectory performance in complex multivehicle interaction scenarios and could further contribute to more refined traffic safety and traffic efficiency management.
Evaluation of Improved Contribution Function Method in the Compression of CINDER90 Depletion Library
Authors: Zhang Yunfei , Zhang Qian , Zhao Qiang , Zou Yang , Guo Jian , Yan Rui , Zhu Guifeng
Published: June 2024

The improved contribution function (ICF) method based on generalized perturbation theory (GPT) is applied to the compression of CINDER90 depletion library. A series of representative problems for PWR are defined with different fuel materials and operation conditions. According to the characteristics that the reactivity indicator is only meaningful in the neutron radiation calculation while the decay heat indicator is affected by both radiation and decay stage, the ICF method is adopted in the selection of candidate nuclides, then actinides and fission product nuclides of compressed system are obtained. In addition, the absorber nuclides of the compressed system are identified by analyzing the depletion process of the poison with a large absorption cross section separately. Finally, a compressed depletion library consisting of 489 nuclides is generated. The numerical results show that the compressed library maintains high precision in the calculation of k‐inf, nuclide concentration, decay heat power, and pin power. Meanwhile, the use of compressed depletion library leads to a significant reduction of computing resources.