bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Factores predictivos de la no adherencia al tratamiento de la tuberculosis en municipios del Área Metropolitana de Buenos Aires, Argentina
Authors: Arrossi Silvina , Herrero María Belén , Greco Adriana , Ramos Silvina
Published: April 2021

El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar las características sociodemográficas de los pacientes y las características del tratamiento que influyen en la no-adherencia al tratamiento antituberculoso. Se realizó un estudio de corte transversal, en el Área Metropolitana de Buenos Aires. Se encuestaron 38 pacientes que no adhirieron al tratamiento y 85 pacientes que adhirieron al tratamiento, diagnosticados durante el año 2007, residentes y atendidos en hospitales de municipios seleccionados. El análisis de los factores se llevó a cabo mediante regresión logística. Los resultados indican que los pacientes con viviendas sin agua, tuvieron 3 veces más probabilidad de no adherencia (OR=2,8; IC95% 1,1-6,9). Asimismo, los pacientes que realizaban los controles en un hospital tuvieron 3 veces más riesgo de no adherir que los que los realizaban en centros de atención primaria (OR=3,2; IC95% 1,1-8,9). Estos resultados permiten delinear un perfil de paciente en riesgo de no-adherencia, caracterizado por estar en condiciones de pobreza, y con dificultades de acceso a la atención de su salud
Rola plastyczności komórkowej w procesie powstawania przerzutów nowotworowych.
Authors: Bajdak-Rusinek Karolina
Published: April 2021

Przerzuty nowotworowe stanowią ogromne wyzwanie kliniczne, ponieważ odpowiedzialne są za 90% wszystkich zgonów spowodowanych rakiem. Stąd też istnieje silna potrzeba zapobiegania tworzenia się przerzutów albo celowanego niszczenia już istniejących. Obecnie przyjmuje się, że zainicjowanie procesu przejścia epitelialno - mezenchymalnego (EMT) w zróżnicowanych nowotworach, może silnie zwiększać  potencjał migracyjny                  i inwazyjność komórek nowotworowych. Molekularnym zmianom zachodzącym podczas EMT towarzyszą zmiany morfologiczne, których efektem jest zmiana fenotypu epitelialnego na mezenchymalny oraz nabycie przez komórki nowotworowe wzmożonej ruchliwości              i zdolności do inwazji. Po utworzeniu przerzutu w miejscu odległym od ogniska pierwotnego, komórki nowotworowe ulegają procesowi odwrotnemu, przejściu mezenchymalno - epitalialnemu  (MET), zyskując z powrotem fenotyp epitelialny.  To właśnie zdolność komórki nowotworowej do przechodzenia z jednego stanu do drugiego, pozwala na jej trwałe przystosowanie się do wymagających warunków zmieniającego się środowiska i sprzyja powstawaniu przerzutów.

W niniejszym artykule przeglądowym omówię dwa zasadnicze typy progresji przerzutów: typ plastyczny obejmujący przejściowy proces EMT-MET i typ genetyczny obejmujący wewnętrzne zmiany genetyczne utrzymujące komórki w ciągłym stanie EMT.

Ta uproszczona klasyfikacja łączy ze sobą klinicznie istotne aspekty spoczynku komórkowego, tropizmu tkankowego i oporności na terapię, a także wskazuje perspektywy strategii leczenia przerzutów.
A Comparative Study of Manual Liquid-Based Cytology with the Conventional Pap Smear for Cervical Cancer Screening in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Mandya, Karnataka
Authors: M.R Manjunath , Sheetal Sheetal
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUND A long pathological process for investigation of precursor lesion squamous intraepithelial lesion (SIL) leads to invasive cervical cancer. This SIL can be detected much earlier before the lesion progresses to invasive cancer. For greater than fifty years, screening for cancer cervix was done by conventional scrape smears and stained by Papanicolaou [Pap] stain but conventional Pap smears (CPAP) have been reported to have low sensitivity. To overcome these drawbacks manual liquid-based cytology [MLBC] was introduced. The objective of this study was to screen females for cervical cancer using CPAP and MLBC techniques and compare the results of these techniques. METHODS Cervical cytology samples were obtained from 120 non-pregnant females through specialised Uprep cytobrush with a detachable head. Thus, obtained samples were first smeared onto a clean glass slide for CPAP smear, and the whole head to cytobrush was dropped into the specialised Uprep liquid preservative medium and processed by using Uprep Cytospin machine to obtain MLBC smears. Both the smears were stained by conventional Pap stain and reported according to 2014 Bethesda system. RESULTS In this study, the CPAP method had a greater number of unsatisfactory smears than that of MLBC method which was statistically significant. MLBC identified more number of intraepithelial lesions when compared to CPAP and MLBC had an increased detection rate [IDR] of 73.68 % over CPAP. CONCLUSIONS Analysis of our results showed that MLBC had more advantages over CPAP. Since the cost effective MLBC has an improved rate of detection of abnormal lesions, MLBC can be used as a routine technique for screening of cancer cervix in India. Also, MLBC offers an important advantage of performing both human papillomaviruses deoxyribonucleic acid (HPV DNA) test and cytological analysis on a single sample. KEYWORDS Cervical Cancer, Conventional Pap Smear, Manual Liquid Based Cytology, Human Papilloma Virus (HPV DNA), Bethesda System
Extramedullary Haematopoiesis Presenting with Backache and Paraparesis - A Case Report
Authors: Borpatragohain Dhruba , Laskar Jahangir Kabir , Kashyap Arnav , Das Boby
Published: April 2021

A 49-year-old female patient was admitted in the medicine department of Assam Medical College with complaints of paraparesis of 15 days duration and backache of 3 months’ duration. She had history of dizziness and low blood pressure. On general examination, she had tachycardia (heart rate of 126 beats / min), tachypnoea (respiratory rate 24 / min), severe pallor and bilateral non-pitting pedal oedema. The patient had low haemoglobin (6.6 gm / dl) with red blood cell (RBC) count of 2.5 million / mm3 . She was sent to the radio-diagnosis department for non-contrast computed tomography (CT) scan of thorax and contrast enhanced magnetic resonance (CEMR) of dorsolumbar region. On CT scan, soft tissue density lesions were noted in paraspinal region extending from lower thoracic, lumbar region without destruction of vertebral bodies. Additional findings include hepato-splenomegaly and left sided pleural effusion. On CEMR, there was T1 hypo and T2 / T2FSisointense soft tissue lesion in paraspinal region extending from lower thoracic, lumbar and sacral vertebrae. The lesions were showing diffusion restriction, diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) with low apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value and mild enhancement on post contrast scan. The soft tissue component was noted to extend into the epidural space in multiple vertebral levels in thoracic, lumbar and sacral regions causing spinal canal stenosis, maximum (7.0 mm) at L4 vertebral level. Based on the imaging findings, a diagnosis of extramedullary haematopoiesis in paraspinal region with extension of the soft tissue in the epidural space leading to compression of spinal cord at multiple levels was made.
Preparation and characterization of Co doped TiO2 for efficient photocatalytic degradation of Ibuprofen
Authors: ÇAĞLAR YILMAZ Hatice , İLHAN Ceren , AKGEYİK Emrah , ERDEMOĞLU Sema
Published: April 2021

Photocatalytic degradation of Ibuprofen (IBU) which is an anti-inflammatory drug was investigated in aqueous solution by Co-doped TiO2 and bare TiO2 synthesized by reflux route. The prepared catalyst powders were fully characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), FT-IR spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), BET surface areas, X-ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy (XRF), dynamic light scattering (DLS). Efficiency of photocatalytic activity for synthesized Co-doped and bare TiO2 was evaluated for the degradation of IBU under UV-C and visible irradiation by investigating the effects of cobalt doping percentage, amount of catalyst, irradiation time, initial IBU concentration, pH and also the effect of organic and inorganic matrix. At optimum degradation conditions under UV-C light and visible light, photocatalytic degradation rates were monitored using UV/Vis spectrophotometer, HPLC and Total Organic Carbon (TOC) analysis. The results showed up the degradation of IBU was improved upon Co doping. It was detected that complete removal was achieved within 240 min of irradiation under UV-C and 98% of IBU was decomposed under visible light in 300 min.
Condiciones de vida y factores socioculturales detrás del riesgo de exposición a metales pesados e hidrocarburos en población indígena amazónica
Authors: Portocarrero Julio
Published: April 2021

La presente revisión descriptiva busca identificar las condiciones de vida y los factores socioculturales detrás de los riesgos de exposición a metales pesados y metaloides en el contexto indígena amazónico, principalmente en Perú y Ecuador. Los resultados encontrados sugieren que la exposición a metales pesados y metaloides en población indígena es multifactorial, combinando aspectos como: la presencia de actividad extractiva asociada a los lugares de residencia, pesca y caza de la población; antecedentes históricos de fuentes antropogénicas o naturales de metales pesados o metaloides; estructura alimentaria y patrones de preparación, almacenaje y consumo de alimentos; fuentes y procesamiento de agua; patrones de almacenaje de alimentos y material potencialmente contaminante así como material industrial; actividades de reutilización de material industrial; acceso y uso de material industrial; división del trabajo (casa, pesca, horticultura).
Longevidad y pobreza extrema en Huancavelica, Perú
Authors: Sandoval Úrsula , Sandoval Tatiana
Published: April 2021

El presente artículo examina el interesante caso de pobladores andinos longevos que se sitúan en los estratos de pobreza extrema en el Perú. Se usa el término “longevidad” para referirse a cualquier individuo que tiene más de noventa años y que es activamente funcional. Existen escasas referencias antropológicas sobre la longevidad en los andes peruanos. Aquí nos enfocamos en las personas que alcanzan los cien años o más en condiciones de extrema pobreza y a quienes pudimos visitar en el campo, en donde nos contaron sus modos de vida y lo que significa para ellos llegar a tan avanzada edad y cómo perciben su propia longevidad. Para ello, se tomaron en cuenta diversos factores como la alimentación, las relaciones sociales y las creencias de estas personas.
La nación en tiempos neoliberales: la Marca España como brazo ideológico del gobierno
Authors: Boyco Orams Alejandro
Published: April 2021

La marca país ha sido abordada por la academia como un fenómeno donde la construcción de la identidad nacional y la imagen externa de cada país responde a cánones y técnicas neoliberales. A raíz de la necesidad de explotar las ventajas comparativas de los países, surgen especialistas vinculados a la publicidad y al marketing, expertos en convertir la imagen nacional en una marca exportable y comercializable, asegurando el éxito en ránkings internacionales. El caso de la Marca España demuestra que el gobierno mantiene una influencia activa en la campaña publicitaria y en la construcción neoliberal de la identidad nacional. Un análisis discursivo de la campaña audiovisual en el canal oficial de YouTube de la Marca España demuestra que el mensaje transmitido responde a los objetivos e ideología del gobierno de turno y cambia en el tiempo, mientras diversos procesos políticos redefinen los fines de la política gubernamental. Estos incluyen la superación de la crisis económica, el posicionamiento de España a nivel internacional, la influencia del Estado en el Consejo de Seguridad de las Naciones Unidas y la búsqueda de unidad interna frente a movimientos separatistas catalanes. La poca autonomía dela institución administrativa encargada de la Marca España, frente al partido de gobierno, explica la alta influencia estatal en la campaña publicitaria. La MarcaEspaña no es un proceso neutral: es utilizada como un brazo político e ideológico del gobierno para alcanzar sus fines.
¿Equidad o tradición?: La participación política de mujeres comuneras en procesos de consulta previa
Authors: Potesta Cortez Alexia
Published: April 2021

El presente ensayo tiene como finalidad revisar las referencias normativas del proceso de consulta previa, subrayar los vacíos legales presentes en la aplicación del enfoque de género y analizar los factores que debilitan la participación de mujeres comuneras peruanas en dicho proceso. A través de la revisión de referencias legales y investigaciones académicas, se abordará de manera cualitativa la situación política de las mujeres comuneras y se describirán las trabas para su participación en la esfera pública. Estas nociones nos aproximan a reflexionar sobre necesidad de renovación de estatutos y normativas gubernamentales, y del diseño de metodologías interculturales que garanticen la paridad en los procesos. Finalmente, el artículo propone cuestionarnos si la consulta previa, en la práctica, contribuye a reforzar las estructuras de poder y de género consuetudinarias y en qué medida sus referencias legales desalientan la participación de mujeres comuneras.
Las propuestas del “giro ontológico” para la Antropología: Antropología latinoamericana y comunidades indígenas
Authors: Soto Arias Guillermo
Published: April 2021

En la actualidad, las políticas interculturales, las recientes protestas en Latinoamérica que cuestionaron el modelo económico vigente y la crisis medioambiental han brindado el escenario propicio para una mayor visibilización de las voces indígenas y campesinas. Estas se han posicionado visiblemente como unos los principales críticos del modelo neoliberal, el cual suele impactar negativamente en sus modos de vida. Ante ello, disciplinas como la Antropología han ido, progresivamente, cuestionando su rol histórico y relacional que han desempeñado con estos actores, fomentando, así, el desarrollo de diferentes propuestas y enfoques teóricos. Una de estas se conoce como el “giro ontológico”, el cual a lo largo de los años se ha constituido como un conjunto de estudios diversos y muy polémicos dentro la discusión antropológica. Parte de este grupo académico ha elaborado diferentes investigaciones que tratan de poner en cuestión el conjunto racionalidades modernas y quitar de su lugar subordinado otro tipo de racionalidades y ontologías. El presente texto explora las más resaltantes propuestas teóricas y políticas del “giro ontológico” que fueron realizadas en el entorno latinoamericano para ir analizar, posteriormente, en qué medida puede dialogar con las actuales luchas de las comunidades indígenas y campesinas desde la propia producción antropológica.
Relación entre el estilo de liderazgo del director escolar y la motivación de los maestros y maestras de la generación millennials
Authors: Hernández Colón Melissa
Published: April 2021

El propósito de esta investigación cuantitativa correlacional fue determinar cómo se relaciona el estilo de liderazgo del director escolar con la motivación laboral de los empleados de la Generación Millennials. El marco teórico que fundamentó el problema de investigación fue la teoría existencialista humanista de Ortega. La muestra la conformaron 176 participantes de la región de Ponce del Departamento de Educación de Puerto Rico. Para recopilar los datos, se utilizó el instrumento de motivación extrínseca e intrínseca, y el Análisis del comportamiento del líder II (LBAII, por sus siglas en inglés). De los datos, se estableció un perfil de los participantes del estudio. El resultado principal arrojó que existe una relación significativa entre el estilo de liderazgo del director con la motivación de los maestros y maestras de la generación Millennials.
Interdisciplinariedad en la formación universitaria del diseño gráfico: entre la teoría y la práctica
Authors: Morales Holguín Arodi , González Bello Edgar
Published: April 2021

Las tendencias en la formación universitaria del diseño destacan el aporte de otras disciplinas como promotores de conocimientos indispensables para el ejercicio profesional. Específicamente, el diseño gráfico se ubica como un campo que demanda una base formativa interdisciplinar acorde con su dinámica de acción. Mediante la aplicación de un cuestionario a 126 profesores universitarios de México, se analiza la pertinencia del diseño gráfico para vincularse con otras disciplinas, en correspondencia con acciones docentes que se llevan a cabo. Los resultados advierten una disyuntiva entre la trascendencia concedida a la interdisciplinariedad frente al escaso compromiso que se manifiesta en la formación, diferenciada por tipos de universidad. Se concluye la pertinencia de replantear las propuestas de formación y esencialmente promover una enseñanza que trascienda los confines de la misma disciplina.
La disciplina violenta, y el desarrollo cognitivo y socioemocional en el infante de preescolar
Authors: Pazos Polo Daniela , Sánchez Trujillo María
Published: April 2021

El objetivo general del estudio fue describir la relación entre el estilo de disciplina ejercido por la docente del aula de 4 años de una institución educativa privada de Lima, y el desarrollo cognitivo y socioemocional de los estudiantes. En esta investigación, de naturaleza cualitativa descriptiva, se hizo uso de un cuaderno de campo y una entrevista semiestructurada dirigida a la docente. Entre los hallazgos más relevantes, resalta que las prácticas pedagógicas aplicadas en el aula vulneran y perjudican principalmente el desarrollo socioemocional de sus estudiantes, lo cual genera distracción y desinterés en clase. Ello, a su vez, podría estar asociado con el bajo desempeño académico de los estudiantes. Se concluyó que la docente necesita aplicar estrategias pedagógicas pertinentes y adecuadas según las necesidades del grupo de infantes.
PROFIL PERILAKU PENGELOLAAN OBAT PADA LANSIA
Authors: Assalwa Ubaida , Ningrum Galuh P. , Tindawati Terid M. , Zahro Sa’adatuz , Trisfalia Rizqa R. , Yuliani Agnes P. , Syarifudin Firman , Najah Adinda L.N , Devi Adelia S. , Irmatiara Feriska , Priyandani Yuni
Published: April 2021

Lansia (lanjut usia) adalah seseorang yang telah mencapai usia 60 tahun keatas. Pada usia ini terjadi penurunan fungsi organ (fisiologis), penurunan pengetahuan (kognitif), dan penurunan psikologis yang dapat menyebabkan komplikasi penyakit sehingga menyebabkan lansia menerima obat dalam jumlah yang banyak dan dapat mengakibatkan permasalahan dalam mengkonsumsi obat. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui profil perilaku pengelolaan obat pada lansia. Lokasi pengambilan data dilakukan di kelurahan Pucang Sewu pada tanggal 11-15 September 2019. Pemilihan sampel dilakukan secara purposive sampling. Data diambil dengan menggunakan kuesioner yang dibagikan kepada lansia. Variable penelitian ini meliputi cara mendapatkan, menggunakan, menyimpan, dan membuang obat yang digunakan oleh lansia. Dari 108 responden, sebanyak 51,85%  menjawab lansia menebus obat untuk dirinya sendiri, sebanyak 12,96% keluarga lansia membantu lansia untuk minum obat, sejumlah 21,30% menyimpan obat untuk lansia disembarang tempat, dan 60,19% obat langsung dibuang ke tempat sampah tanpa dihancurkan/dikeluarkan isinya terlebih dahulu.
SURVEI FAKTOR PENYEBAB PEROKOK REMAJA MEMPERTAHANKAN PERILAKU MEROKOK
Authors: Almaidah Fitri , Khairunnisa Saarah , Sari Intan Purnama , Chrisna Chaza Deidora , Firdaus Anisa , Kamiliya Zakiyatul Hurroh , Williantari Ni Putu , Akbar Achmad Naufal Maulana , Pratiwi Luh Putu Ariyani , Nurhasanah Kiki , Puspitasari Hanni Prihhastuti
Published: April 2021

Jawa Timur menempati peringkat ke-16 se-Indonesia dengan tingkat perokok usia remaja yang cukup tinggi. Penelitian dilakukan untuk mengidentifikasi alasan remaja di Surabaya berusia 15-19 tahun mempertahankan perilaku merokok. Metode yang digunakan adalah observasional cross sectional dengan accidental sampling dan dianalisis menggunakan program SPSS. Instrumen yang digunakan berupa kuesioner berisi tentang pengalaman perilaku merokok, pengetahuan bahaya merokok, sikap mempertahankan merokok dan perilaku setelah mengetahui bahaya merokok. Sejumlah 103 remaja berpartisipasi dalam penelitian ini yaitu remaja yang masih merokok sampai saat ini (80,6%) maupun yang pernah merokok (19,4%). Sumber pengaruh terbesar remaja mencoba merokok berasal dari teman (62,65%). Bahaya merokok yang paling banyak diketahui adalah kanker paru (87,4%). Informasi ini paling banyak diketahui dari bungkus rokok (60,2%). Sebagian besar responden telah mengetahui bahaya merokok, tetapi tetap mempertahankan sikap merokok (62,2%). Hal ini dipengaruhi oleh aspek psikologi seperti dapat melepaskan stress (69,9%) dan merasa tenang ketika merokok (69,0%). Perilaku merokok dipertahankan untuk memenuhi kepuasan pribadi.
HUBUNGAN PENGETAHUAN DAN SIKAP PASIEN HIPERTENSI TERHADAP KEPATUHAN PENGGUNAAN OBAT AMLODIPIN DI PUSKESMAS ARJUNO KOTA MALANG
Authors: Haldi Taufik , Pristianty Liza , Hidayati Ika Ratna
Published: April 2021

Hipertensi merupakan penyakit yang memiliki angka prevalensi yang tinggi. Hipertensi dapat distabilkan dengan melakukan pola hidup yang sehat dan menggunakan obat antihipertensi, salah satunya amlodipin. Penggunaan obat amlodipin diperlukan kepatuhan agar hipertensi dapat terkontrol. Kepatuhan pasien dalam melaksanakan pengobatan harus dipertahankan dalam jangka waktu yang lama, oleh sebab itu pasien harus memiliki pengetahuan yang baik dan sikap yang positif terhadap hipertensi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan pengetahuan dan sikap pasien hipertensi terhadap kepatuhan penggunaan obat amlodipin di Puskesmas Arjuno Kota Malang. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode observasional analitik dengan pendekatan cross-sectional. Data dikumpulkan dengan memberikan kuesioner yang terdiri dari 76 responden yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi pada bulan Agustus–September 2019 di Puskesmas Arjuno Kota Malang. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pasien memiliki pengetahuan yang baik (59%), cukup baik (18%), kurang baik (12%), dan tidak baik (11%). Pasien yang memiliki sikap positif (59%) dan sikap negatif (41%). Pasien yang patuh (74%) dan tidak patuh (26%). Hasil uji chi square antara pengetahuan terhadap kepatuhan (p-value = 0,031). Sikap terhadap kepatuhan (p-value = 0,002).  Pada uji regresi logistik pengetahuan dan sikap diuji secara bersamaan terhadap kepatuhan dan didapatkan masing-masing nilai p-value 0,026 (OR = 1,794) dan 0,005 (OR = 5,208). Pasien memiliki pengetahuan yang baik (59%), sikap positif (59%), dan patuh dalam menggunakan obat amlodipin (74%). Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara pengetahuan terhadap kepatuhan (p-value = 0,031). Terdapat hubungan antara Sikap terhadap kepatuhan (p-value 0,002). Secara bersamaan terdapat hubungan antara pengetahuan (p-value = 0,026) dan sikap (p-value = 0,005) dengan kepatuhan.
Assessment and Characterization of Reed Canary Grass Plantations for Energy
Authors: Mola-Yudego Blas , Xu Xiaoqian , Englund Oskar , Dimitriou Ioannis
Published: April 2021

Research Highlights: (1) Reed canary grass (RCG) is analysed in Sweden compared to willow and poplar for 2001-2020 (2) Each crop presents a different land-use and climatic profile (3) Average yield records of reed canary grass are similar to willow and poplar (4) There are divergences between trial-based and commercial yields (5) Existing LUC patterns suggest meadow>RCG and RCG>cereal (6) RCG land area is very sensitive to policy incentives. Background and objectives: RCG is an alternative crop for biomass-to-energy due to high yield and frost tolerance. We assess the cultivation in Sweden by using an extensive compilation of data, with emphasis on the extension of the cultivation, areas planted, climatic profile, land use patterns and yield levels. Material and methods: All RCG plantations are analysed for 2001-2020. A geostatistical analysis is performed to characterize where is cultivated and the land uses associated. Climatic, productivity and yield profiles are compared to willow and poplar plantations, from experiments and from commercial plantations. Results: The results show that the cultivation of reed canary grass expanded after 2005, with a maximum of 800 ha in 2009 to then decrease to the current levels of about 550 ha. It is mainly grown in colder climatic areas, with lower agricultural productivity than willow and poplar. Mean yields from trials are 6 odt ha-1 yr-1; commercial yields are 3.5 odt ha-1 yr-1. RCG replace meadow land and is replaced by cereals, when abandoned. Conclusions: Reed canary grass is an interesting alternative, growing on colder areas but on similar yield levels than other energy crops. The cultivation is more sensitive to policy incentives
Elementary Charge and Electron: One Entity Two Identities
Authors: Kirimi Misheck
Published: April 2021

Our knowledge of electricity is based on two nearly parallel concepts – charge and electron. The charge concept is symmetrical: nature has equal numbers of positive and negative charges playing equivalent roles in atoms. The electron concept has two asymmetries. One, the observable universe has more positive than negative electrons. Two, atoms contain negative- but no positive electrons. Here I propose that charge is static electron and electron is moving charge. That is, resting (electrostatic) and moving (electrodynamic) behaviours exclusively make charge and electron different. The proposal reveals previously unnoticed symmetries in the electron concept and has experimental backing. Faraday, Stoney and Millikan observed charges in static conditions – electrolytes, oil drops, doorknobs etc. In contrast, Thomson and Anderson observed electrons at high speeds in cathode tubes and cloud chambers. Beta decays were initially interpreted to mean existence of electrons in atomic nuclei[i]. Equating ‘charge’ to ‘static electron’ reinstates and validates the interpretation. Brown, L. M. Nuclear structure and beta decay (1932–1933), American Journal of Physics 56, 982 (1988).
Characterization of Extreme Precipitation Events in the Pyrenees. From the Local to the Synoptic Scale.
Authors: Lemus-Canovas Marc , Lopez-Bustins Joan-A. , Martín-Vide Javier , Halifa-Marin Amar , Insua-Costa Damián , Martinez-Artigas Joan , Trapero Laura , Serrano-Notivoli Roberto , Cuadrat José María
Published: April 2021

Mountain systems within the Mediterranean region, e.g. the Pyrenees, are very sensitive to climate change. In the present study, we quantified the magnitude of extreme precipitation events and the number of days with torrential precipitation (daily precipitation ≥ 100 mm) in all the rain gauges available in the Pyrenees for the 1981-2015 period, analyzing the contribution of the synoptic scale in this type of events. The easternmost (under the Mediterranean influence) and north-westernmost (under Atlantic influence) areas of the Pyrenees registered the highest number of torrential events. The heaviest events are expected in the eastern part, i.e. 400 mm day-1 for a return period of 200 years. Northerly advections over the Iberian Peninsula, which present a low zonal index, i.e. im-plying a stronger meridional component, give rise to torrential events over the western Pyrenees; and easterly advections favour extreme precipitation over the eastern Pyrenees. The air mass travels a long way, from the east coast of North America, bringing heavy rainfall to the western Pyrenees. In the case of the torrential events over the eastern Pyrenees, the air mass causing the events in these areas is very short and originates in the Mediterranean Basin. The NAO index has no influence upon the occurrence of torrential events in the Pyrenees, but these events are closely related to certain Mediterranean teleconnections such as the WeMO
Financial Deepening and Economic Growth in Indonesia
Authors: - Wasiaturrahma , Ajija Shochrul Rohmatul , Rizal Ramses Muhammad
Published: April 2021

The purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of financial deepening on economic growth in Indonesia. The time period studied for this research is from 1975 until2016. This study uses a quantitative research approach in the form of statistics and econometrics regression data. The data used is based on the annual time series data from 1975 until 2016. In this research, two models of testing are used, namely ARDL (Autoregressive Distributed Lag) and ECM (Error Correction Model). The results of this study indicate that financial deepening has a significant negative impact on economic growth in Indonesia. The Broad Money, Government Expenditure and Trade Openness variables influenced the variables of economic growth simultaneously in the period 1975-2016, but only the GDP and Trade openness variables had a significant influence on the dependent variable of GDP during the researched period. Therefore, Bank Indonesia (BI) needs to conduct further research on Broad Money trading (M2) so that the function of economic depth can encourage the growth of GDP Indonesia. In addition, there is a need for policies that will stimulate and facilitate foreign and domestic companies to sell their shares on BEI (Indonesian stock exchange) so that they can be traded by people whose impact will increase Indonesia's economic growth.
IMPACTO DA ESCOLARIDADE NA VIOLÊNCIA INFANTOJUVENIL NA CIDADE DE JOÃO PESSOA – PB – BRASIL.
Authors: Andrade Feitoza Sarah , Cardoso Bento Maria Izabel , Chaves Cardoso Fernandes Larissa , Silva de Figueiredo Ludmila , Norões Viana Gadelha Maria Luiza , Gadelha Milena Norões Viana
Published: April 2021

Introdução: A violência contra crianças e adolescentes constitui problema de saúde pública. Objetivo: Avaliar o impacto da escolaridade em vítimas de violência infantojuvenil submetidas a exame traumatológico no Núcleo de Medicina e Odontologia Legal (NUMOL) da cidade de João Pessoa/PB – Brasil, em 2017. Material e Métodos: Estudo documental, transversal, analítico, com técnica de documentação indireta, a partir da análise dos laudos periciais produzidos em 2017. Variáveis analisadas: idade, ocupação da vítima (G1= não estudante e G2 = estudante), local da agressão, energia e instrumento lesivo, localização e natureza da lesão e relação vítima/agressor. A associação entre as variáveis qualitativas foi avaliada pelos testes de Qui-quadrado e Exato de Fischer (nível de significância de 5,0%). Resultados: Analisaram-se 384 laudos, com tempo médio entre agressão e denúncia de 8,95 dias e via pública (19,5%) como principal local de ataque. A energia mecânica (G1 = 99,0% e G2 = 99,5%) e o instrumento contundente (G1 = 90,5% e G2 = 88,1%) foram os mais utilizados; membros (G1 = 55,0% e G2 = 54,4%) e face (G1 = 34,6% e G2 = 41,5%) as regiões mais afetadas. Prevaleceram lesões leves (G1 = 94,7% e G2 = 90,0%) e agressões por pessoas estranhas à vítima (G1 = 65,4% e G2 = 41,4%). Conclusão: Ausência de diferença significativa entre os grupos (G1 = 49,7% e G2 = (50,3%), maioria com idades entre 13 a 18 anos (80,4%), o estranho o principal agressor e os instrumentos contundentes mais utilizados para provocar lesões leves em membros e face.
AVALIAÇÃO DO CONHECIMENTO DE DOCENTES DE ODONTOLOGIA DA UNIVERSIDADE DO ESTADO DO AMAZONAS SOBRE MAUS-TRATOS INFANTIS
Authors: De Lima Brendo Benzecry Silva , Pieri Alexandra
Published: April 2021

O cirurgião-dentista está em situação privilegiada na detecção precoce de maus-tratos infantis, devido ao maior acometimento das lesões na região de cabeça e pescoço, área onde atua. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o conhecimento dos docentes de Odontologia da UEA sobre o papel do cirurgião-dentista nos casos de maus-tratos infantis e seu interesse no assunto. Foram aplicados 45 questionários para um estudo descritivo de corte transversal. Resultados: a maioria possui uma especialidade (75,56%), tempo de atuação entre 16 e 20 anos (31,11%) e atua nos ambientes público e privado (71,11%). 53,33% definiram corretamente maus-tratos infantis. 75,56% citaram incompletamente os tipos de maus-tratos, sendo que físico (71,11%) e psicológico (57,78%) foram os mais citados. De 0 a 10, foi obtida a média 5,71 para a capacidade de identificar maus-tratos. Sinais físicos (84,44%) e comportamentais (77,78%) foram os mais citados. 24,44% já suspeitaram de violência durante atendimento odontológico, destes, 36,36% acionaram o Conselho Tutelar. 55,56% responderam que o Conselho Tutelar é o órgão a ser acionado. 80% não sabem se sofrerão consequências legais caso não notifiquem suspeitas de violência. De 0 a 10, foi obtida média 8,74 para a disposição em receber informações sobre o assunto. Conclusão: Os entrevistados manifestaram conhecimento básico, insuficiente para detecção e manejo das variadas situações de maus-tratos infantis, o que também pode influenciar inadequadamente na abordagem do assunto na graduação.  Por outro lado, demonstraram-se sensibilizados e com interesse em se aprimorar sobre o tema.
Label Noise Detection System Against Label Flipping Attack
Authors: Cheng Ning , Zhang Hongpo , Li Zhanbo
Published: April 2021

The label flipping attack is a special poisoning attack in the adversarial environment. By adding noise to the data, it destroys the learning process of the model and affects the decision-making performance of the model. Recent literature work uses semi-supervised learning techniques to defend against label flipping attacks. However, these methods require a clean dataset to achieve their goals. This study proposes a novel label noise processing framework to correct the labels of contaminated samples in the data preprocessing stage. Based on five real UCI datasets, we evaluated the effectiveness of the semi-supervised defensive label noise correction algorithm based on the AdaBoost algorithm(AdaSSL). With a noise ratio of 0~20%, we compared the classification performance of six classic machine learning algorithms (NB, LR, SVM, DT, KNN and MLP) under the AdaSSL defense algorithm. The results show that compared with the most advanced semi-supervised defense algorithms in the literature, our algorithm does not need to use an additional dataset. At a noise ratio of 10%, the AdaSSL algorithm is significantly better than state of the art label noise defense technology.
Cost Effective Design of RC Building Frame Employing Unified Particle Swarm Optimization
Authors: Chaudhuri Payel , Barman Swarup , Maity Damodar , Maiti Dipak Kumar
Published: April 2021

Present paper deals with the cost effective design of reinforced concrete building frame employing unified particle swarm optimization (UPSO). Two building frames with G + 8 stories and G + 10 stories have been adopted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the present algorithm. Effect of seismic loads and wind load have been considered as per Indian Standard (IS) 1893 (Part-I) and IS 875 (Part-III) respectively. Analysis of the frames has been carried out in STAAD Pro software. The design loads for all the beams and columns obtained from STAAD Pro have been given as input of the optimization algorithm. Next, cost optimization of all beams and columns have been carried out in MATLAB environment using UPSO, considering the safety and serviceability criteria mentioned in IS 456. Cost of formwork, concrete and reinforcement have been considered to calculate the total cost. Reinforcement of beams and columns has been calculated with consideration for curtailment and feasibility of laying the reinforcement bars during actual construction. The numerical analysis ensures the accuracy of the developed algorithm in providing the cost optimized design of RC building frames considering safety, serviceability and constructional feasibilities.Further, Monte Carlo simulations performed on the numerical results, proved the consistency and robustness of the developed algorithm. Thus, the present algorithm is capable of giving a cost effective design of RC building frame, which can be adopted directly in construction site without making any changes.
Hippocampal sharp wave-ripples and the associated sequence replay emerge from structured synaptic interactions in a network model of area CA3
Authors: Ecker András , Bagi Bence , Vértes Eszter , Steinbach-Németh Orsolya , Karlócai Mária , Papp Orsolya , István Miklós , Hájos Norbert , Freund Tamás , Gulyás Attila , Kali Szabolcs
Published: April 2021

Hippocampal place cells are activated sequentially as an animal explores its environment. These activity sequences are internally recreated (``replayed'), either in the same or reversed order, during bursts of activity (sharp wave-ripples; SWRs) that occur in sleep and awake rest. SWR-associated replay is thought to be critical for the creation and maintenance of long-term memory. In order to identify the cellular and network mechanisms of SWRs and replay, we constructed and simulated a data-driven model of area CA3 of the hippocampus. Our results show that the chain-like structure of recurrent excitatory interactions established during learning not only determines the content of replay, but is essential for the generation of the SWRs as well. We find that bidirectional replay requires the interplay of the experimentally confirmed, temporally symmetric plasticity rule, and cellular adaptation. Our model provides a unifying framework for diverse phenomena involving hippocampal plasticity, representations, and dynamics, and suggests that the structured neural codes induced by learning may have greater influence over cortical network states than previously appreciated.
Study on Hole Making Process of Thick-section Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastics
Authors: Li Jianping , Jiao Anyuan , Chen Xiaomei
Published: April 2021

In this paper, the mechanism of helical milling was analyzed at first. Then, the orthogonal experiments on the 24mm thick carbon fiber reinforced composite material (CFRP) that affect the quality of hole making, such as spindle speed, feed per tooth, and number of tool’s blades were conducted. The influence of process parameters on the quality of hole making was analyzed. Finally, the range analysis method was used to obtain the best hole-making parameters: spindle speed is 4500rpm, feed per tooth is 0.02mm/z, the number of tool’s blades is 2. Based on the obtained optimal parameters, the step-by-step hole making of thick-section CFRP with variable parameters was studied, and two sets of parameters were designed. Through the measurement of the hole morphology, roughness, axial force and aperture deviation after the experiment, it is concluded that hole making process with variable parameters can meet the technical requirements of thick-section CFRP.
Biostimulation-phytoremediation of petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated soil: Response surface methodology (RSM)
Authors: Li Jing , Ma Nian , Hao Boyu , Qin Feifei , Zhang Xiuxia
Published: April 2021

In view of the analysis and remediation of petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated soil, the study on ecological technology of oilfield well site was carried out. The response surface was used to optimize the single-factor biological stimulation experiment of moisture content, the leavening agent content and the compound fertilizer content, and get the best experimental plan of biological stimulation. The artificial stimulation-plant combined remediation experiment was designed. Through screening 20 kinds of plant seeds suitable for growth, selected 5 plants with high tolerance to petroleum hydrocarbons. The artificial biostimulation-phytoremediation combined degradation experiment of petroleum hydrocarbons in contaminated soil was designed, and the degradation rate of petroleum hydrocarbons in soil under the optimal ecological remediation scheme was obtained. It was found that petroleum hydrocarbons degradation rate in soil after 70 days artificial stimulation experiment was 28.6%. Through the screening of 20 plants, peanut had the highest tolerance to petroleum hydrocarbons in soil, and the degradation rate in 70 days soil reached 31.1%. After 70 days of biostimulation-phytoremediation, the degradation rate in soil reached 38.9%.
Induction of the ALT pathway requires loss of ATRX-DAXX in concert with genotoxic lesions at telomeres
Authors: Clynes David , Goncalves Tomas , Kent Thomas , Shepherd Sam , Cunniffe Siobhan , Kim Sangwoo , Humphrey Tim , GIbbons Richard
Published: April 2021

A key requisite for indefinite growth of cancer cells is the ability to continuously elongate telomeres to circumvent the onset of senescence or apoptosis. In approximately 10 – 15% of cancers this is achieved through the Alternative Lengthening of Telomeres (ALT) pathway, a Break Induced Replication (BIR) mediated mechanism of telomere copying. ATRX has emerged as the key tumour suppressor in ALT cancers but its loss is insufficient to drive induction of the pathway. Here, we report that depletion of ATRX and/or DAXX in the presence of various genotoxic agents is sufficient to induce ALT. Moreover, co-deletion of ATRX and SETD2, commonly mutated in high grade gliomas (HGGs), elicits induction of ALT. Mechanistically, SETD2 restricts the accumulation of telomeric R-loops, which, in the absence of ATRX, leads to fork collapse and the loss of telomere sister chromatid cohesion. Cumulatively this provides a substrate for out of register BIR and telomere lengthening.
Active control of boundary lubrication of ceramic tribo-pairs in sodium dodecyl sulfate aqueous solutions
Authors: Meng Yonggang , Liu Chenxu , Fang Jingbo , Wen Xiangli , Tian Yu
Published: April 2021

The objective of the study is to actively control friction between engineering ceramics in underwater applications. By designing a proper electrode system and applying an external electric field, the active control of friction between Al2O3 plate and ZrO2 ball in sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) aqueous solutions has been realized, which is different from the previous studies of potential controlled boundary lubrication where at least one part of tribo-pairs is a conductor. Reversible change of friction coefficient has been observed in the range from 0.12 to 0.35. An indirect electric field-assisted adsorption model has been proposed to explain the observed phenomena. The addition of inorganic salts containing counterions to the SDS solution or increasing the concentration of SDS can shorten the response time of friction to the variation of the applied electric field by facilitating the formation of SDS micelles. This opens a new way to realize the active control of friction for insulative tribo-pairs without corrosion.
Changes in Physico-Chemical Composition of Wastewater by Growing Phragmites ausrtalis and Typha in an Arid Environment in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alquwaizany Abdulaziz , Hussain Ghulam , Al-Zarah Abdullah I.
Published: April 2021

Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is facing an acute shortage of good quality of water which is further aggravated due to inadequate and non-renewable groundwater resources. Hence, it is very important to explore other alternatives such as natural wastewater treatment (phytoremediation) for water supplies that can both lower the dependent on groundwater resources and overcome the challenges and limitations associated with conventional wastewater treatment technologies. Therefore, the main objective of this research was to study the performance and efficiency of green plants such as Typha and Phragmites australis for wastewater treatment in eastern Saudi Arabia. The experiment was carried out in fiberglass tanks (each with a capacity of 4.0 x 7.0 x 0.5 m3) in the field. There was a total of 4 fiberglass tanks with 2-replications. A percent decrease of 72.86 and 49.74%, 39.30 and 18.07%, 39.84 and 52.87%, 38.73 and 40.86%, 74.49 and 57.82%, and 66.82 and 63.14% was observed for turbidity, TSS, nitrate, ammonia, BOD, and COD by growing Phragmites australis and Typha, respectively. The heavy metals such as aluminum, zinc, and arsenic showed considerable reduction of pollutants in treated water compared to raw wastewater under both plants. Overall, it seems that the improvement in wastewater quality was better by growing phragmites australis than Typha, however, there were no statistically significant differences between the two plants means in their performance of raw wastewater treatment. The study results indicate that green plants could be used in a phytoremediation system to treat wastewater in rural and small communities.
Spinning Rigid Bodies Driven by Orbital Forcing: The Role of Dry Friction
Authors: de Castro Pablo , Lima Tiago Araújo , Parisio Fernando
Published: April 2021

A ``circular orbital forcing'' makes a chosen point on a rigid body follow a circular motion while the body spins freely around that point. We investigate this problem for the planar motion of a body subject to dry friction. We focus on the effect called \emph{reverse rotation} (RR), where spinning and orbital rotations are antiparallel. Similar reverse dynamics include the rotations of Venus and Uranus, journal machinery bearings, tissue production reactors, and chiral active particles. Due to dissipation, RRs are possible only as a transient. Here the transient or \emph{flip} time $t_\textrm{f}$ depends on the circular driving frequency $\omega$, unlike the viscous case previously studied. We find $t_\textrm{f}\sim\omega^{\gamma-1}\mu^{-\gamma/2}$, where $\mu$ is the friction coefficient and $\gamma=0$ ($\gamma=2$) for low (high) $\omega$.
Whether RRs really occur depends on the initial conditions as well as on $\mu$ and $H$, a geometrical parameter. The critical $H_\textrm{c}(\mu)$ where RRs become possible follows a $q$-exponential with $q\simeq1.9$, a more restrictive RR scenario than in the wet case. We use animations to visualize the different dynamical regimes that emerge from the highly nonlinear dissipation mechanism of dry friction. Our results are valid across multiple investigated rigid body shapes.
Cancer patients’ preferences for psychotherapy: a conjoint analysis
Authors: Ichikura Kanako , Shimizu Sayuri , Oshima Noriko , Ariizumi Yosuke , Fujie Toshihide , Yamauchi Shin-ichi , Ishikawa Toshiaki , Nakajima Yasuaki , Fukase Yuko , Murayama Norio , Murase Hanako , Tagaya Hirokumi , Takeuchi Takashi , Miyake Satoshi , Matsushima Eisuke
Published: April 2021

Aim: Psychotherapy is an effective intervention for depressive cancer patients. However, there are barriers to applying psychotherapy in clinical settings. This study assessed cancer patients’ preferences for psychotherapy using a conjoint analysis.Methods: We conducted a single-center, cross-sectional study using a self-reported questionnaire between March 2018 and March 2020. The questionnaire asked for patients’ preferences for 48 psychotherapy scenarios according to a combination of type, length, price, and frequency. We conducted a conjoint analysis, calculating the relative importance and part worth value of each factor.Results: Cancer patients consider type as the most important factor when deciding whether to undergo psychotherapy (relative importance: 37.5%), followed by frequency (23.4%), price (19.6%), and length (19.5%). Cancer patients value life reviews highly among the four psychotherapy types. Conclusion: Cancer patients consider the type of psychotherapy to be the most important factors when choosing it, although their preferences do depend on their individual characteristics.
Long-Term Efficacy of Dexamethasone Intravitreal Implant in the Treatment of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) Disease Relapsing Posterior Uveitis
Authors: Elhamaky Tarek Roshdy
Published: April 2021

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Cysticercal Brain Abscess: A Distinct Entity Mimicking Pyogenic Brain Abscess.
Authors: Mhatre Radhika , Konar Subhas , S. Nishanth , Mahadevan Anita , Devi B. Indira
Published: April 2021

Cysticercal brain abscess is a rare entity with the clinical presentation and radiological findings closely mimicking a pyogenic abscess. We report three cases of cysticercal abscess presenting as solitary lesion in the brain with radiological appearance like an abscess. All the patients underwent excision of the lesion with histopathological diagnosis of cysticercal brain abscess. The clinical outcome was satisfactory after surgical excision. Cysticercal abscess, though rare, should be considered as a differential diagnosis of a solitary rim-enhancing lesion, mainly if the patients belong to the endemic zone of neurocysticercosis. Surgical excision with or without a short course of the anti-parasitic agent is the treatment of choice.