bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EVOLUTION OF THE IDEA OF HYBRID WAR AND THE TERM IN WESTERN POLITICAL AND MILITARY THOUGHT
Authors: Yavor Raychev
Published: February 2025

The article describe main characteristics of hybrid societies and war is accepted as normal in most hybrid societies, unlike in the West. The author give his own view to the practice forms of pre-state warfare which recognizes few of the modern limitations of war there is often no distinction between combatants and non-combatants, kidnapping takes place, massacres occur.
        The article describes various definitions of the problems of a hybrid society and how they resort to international laws of war, completely rejecting them either to justify their actions or because they do not apply to them because they are Christian or Western. Examples are also given of how these societies decide the connections necessary to communicate with other modern states. It also talks about decentralized and clan hybrid societies, the hybrid power generated by hybrid societies.        The article describes how a hybrid war arises, guerrilla actions, tools of psychological influence on the mood of people and decision makers and their goals that change public attitudes, causing distrust in their own government, and so on.
        Examples are also given of how the "hybrid war" is aimed not only at replacing the "chips of the Bulgarians", but also at creating a new political discourse.
ЭТНОСАРАЛЫҚ ҚАТЫНАСТАРҒА БАҚ-ТЫҢ ӘСЕР ЕТУІНІҢ КЕЙБІР АСТАРЛАРЫ
Authors: Бюжеева Б.З. , Әліпбаев А.Р. , Әбдінағи Ж.С.
Published: February 2025

Мақала бұқаралық ақпарат құралдарының қоғамдағы этносаралық қатынастарға әсер ету мәселелерін қарастыруға арналған. Ақпараттық кеңістіктің кеңеюі және ақпараттық қоғамды қалыптастыру шеңберінде цифрлық және спутниктік байланыстардың дамуы, интернет пен компьютерлік технологиялардың енгізілуі, БАҚ қызметінің трансшекаралық сипатқа ие болуына әсер етті. БАҚ әлемдік саяси өзара әрекеттесудің ерекше бір бөлігі болып табылады. Соған байланысты ол халықаралық және ұлттық деңгейлерде халықтар мен елдердің дамуына айтарлықтай әсер ететін этносаяси үрдістің жүру бағытына ықпал ете алады.
Бүгінгі таңда БАҚ этносаяси өзара әрекеттесудің ықтимал нәтижелерін айқындайтын саяси құралға айналуда. Айқындалатын нәтижелер ұлтаралық тепе-теңдікті қамтамасыз етуден, шағын этникалық қауымдастықтардың құқықтарын қолдаудан, ұлттық және жалпымемлекеттік мүдделерді үйлестіруден бастап, шовинизмді, экстремизмді, жергілікті ұлтшылдықты және этносаяси қақтығыстарды қоздыруға дейін өзгере алады.
БАҚ-тың этномәдени өзара іс-қимылдың маңызды мәселелерін жариялау кезінде әлеуметтік жауапкершілігінің болмауы қақтығыс әлеуетінің артуына және тіпті қақтығыстардың одан әрі өршуіне әкеледі. Соған байланысты қазір БАҚ әсіресе этникалық мәселелерде жоғары қақтығыстық әлеуетімен сипатталатын ерекше әлеуметтік сала ретінде танылып отыр. 
Бұқаралық ақпарат құралдары этникалық топтарды қате сипаттауы арқылы, теріс  «этникалық бейнелерді» құру арқылы этносаралық қарама-қайшылықты тереңдете алады. Ұлтшылдық, ксенофобия, кемсітушілік, этникалық көші-қон, этносаралық қайшылықтар, этносаралық қақтығыстар, сондай-ақ лаңкестік, діни экстремизм сияқты этносаяси қатынастардың өткір мәселелеріне БАҚ-тың реакциясы ерекше маңызға ие.
Public Health Critical Race Praxis in Maternal Health Occupational Therapy: A Framework for Race-Conscious Research and Intervention
Authors: Major Jordan C. W. , Jewell Vanessa , Bodison Stefanie C.
Published: February 2025

This column explores the integration of the Public Health Critical Race Praxis (PHCRP) framework into maternal health occupational therapy to address racial disparities and enhance health care outcomes. The PHCRP framework provides a race-conscious methodology for examining the intersection of race, health, and systemic inequities, making its application in occupational therapy research and practice essential amid the U.S. maternal health crisis, which disproportionately affects Black birthing individuals. We highlight occupational therapy practitioners’ responsibilities, emphasizing race-conscious research, culturally informed and responsive interventions, and advocacy for equitable maternal health care policies. By leveraging the PHCRP framework, occupational therapy can take a transformative approach to address the root causes of maternal health disparities, dismantle systemic health care barriers, and improve Black maternal health outcomes. This column intentionally adopts inclusive language to recognize the diverse identities of those who give birth. We use terms such as birthing individuals and mothering to acknowledge the diverse identities, pregnancy, and childbirth experiences of all birthing individuals. Research indicates that these individuals navigate distinct experiences and may prefer gender-affirming terminology, such as transman, nonbinary, or parent, to mitigate gender dysphoria (Kukura, 2022). This inclusive approach is essential for promoting equitable, culturally affirming care because it acknowledges the additional layers of bias, discrimination, and racial inequity often experienced by non-female–identified birthing individuals. Through this lens, we aim to center diverse experiences and advocate for an occupational therapy practice that actively challenges systemic inequities and fosters equitable maternal health care.

Positionality Statement (Jordan C. W. Major): As a biracial Black–White, English-speaking, cisgender, heterosexual female with an invisible disability who was born and raised in the United States, my intersectional identity profoundly shapes my perspective, allowing me to uniquely address the nuances of racial, health, and maternal issues in health care. I am an occupational therapy practitioner currently pursuing a PhD in rehabilitation science, studying the impact of type 1 diabetes on Black maternal health. My lived experiences and academic background afford me the opportunity to center the experiences of Black mothers and birthing people through a race-conscious lens and call on my occupational therapy colleagues to do the same.
Molecular bases of collagen-based compounds’ action mechanisms
Authors: Perra Allessandro
Published: February 2025

In the field of functional tissue engineering collagen represents an interesting option when site-specifically injected since it acts as a bio-scaffold replacing, supporting, reinforcing, protecting connective tissues but also stimulating the neo-synthesis of collagen.

Given these characteristics, the use of injectable collagen for the clinical management of musculo-skeletal disorders due to overuse, aging, injuries can be recommended to:

• speed up of functional recovery timing,

• induction of repair, remodelling, and regeneration processes,

• secondary pain control.

The main action mechanism of injectable collagen is related to mechanotrasduction properties: Injections of tropocollagen improve tensile characteristics of the extracellular matrix which surround fibroblasts and improves fibroblasts’ mechanical response speeding up the neosynthesis of collagen and inducing the proliferation of fibroblasts themselves. This mechanism of action has been studied and verified through studies, on ex vivo cellular models which provided data on the ability of swine type 1 tropocollagen to control tissue degeneration and improve the structural characteristics of the tissue.
Muscular dysfunctions of the masticatory system – tropocollagen and muscle tension
Authors: Nitecka-Buchta Aleksandra , Baron Stefan
Published: February 2025

Masticatory muscle injections of liquid collagen solution is an alternative therapy for myofascial pain, often the first aid in pain ailments. Muscles of mastication: masseter muscle, temporal muscle and lateral pterygoid muscle are often painful in temporomandibular disorders (TMD) patients, especially bruxers. As the effect of muscle effort a PEMS (post effort muscle soreness) develops and if left untreated chronic myofascial pain may develop, with severe consequences for the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and the whole stomatognathic system.

Injection therapy is, together with counseling and self-management, the first aid in muscle pain. It complements other therapeutic methods that should not be abandoned in TMD therapy. Intramuscular administration of collagen solution into the muscle trigger points reduces superficial electromyographic activity EMG, as well as subjective pain (Visual Analogue Scale – VAS) felt by the patient. After initial palpation of muscles and TMD examination, the injection should be performed by a specialist, paying special attention to anatomical structures and their mutual topography. Intramuscular injections, as well as perifascial and intraarticular administration of collagen solution are used to diminish pain in stomatognathic system.

Alternative therapy with collagen injections using new, innovative solutions seems to be a new trend in the development of medicine around the world. No side effects, easy availability of the preparation and fully reversible action are the great advantages of intramuscular collagen injections.
Injection collagen therapy in tension headaches
Authors: Bednarczyk-Kocwa Dorota
Published: February 2025

The masticatory muscles form a functional and developmental group innervated by the third branch of the trigeminal nerve, making their contraction influenced by emotions. Pain sensations transmitted within the trigeminal nerve’s innervation area can lead to diagnostic errors in differentiating headaches. Psychological tension is the main cause of bruxism, and increased muscle tension results from stress.

The masticatory muscles include the masseter, temporal, and upper lateral pterygoid muscles. The sternocleidomastoid muscle also plays a significant role in headaches associated with masticatory system dysfunctions.

Collagen injections serve as a biologically active scaffold, inducing repair and promoting new tissue formation. Tropocollagen supports and protects tissues. Accurate diagnosis is crucial because tropocollagen injections work locally. Myofascial pain from overload or injury responds to these injections. For referred pain, identifying its source is necessary, as injecting the perceived pain site may not be effective.

Tropocollagen injections balance degradation and regeneration, restoring structural integrity, elasticity, and tissue strength. They stimulate fibroblast migration and proliferation, increasing type I collagen synthesis and other connective tissue factors.

Studies show that intramuscular collagen injections reduce myofascial pain in the masseter muscles more effectively than lidocaine, decreasing muscle activity and pain intensity. Collagen supports regeneration, reduces cell death, increases cell proliferation, and aids in nerve myelination. After muscle injuries, increased collagen production confirms its role in regeneration.

Tropocollagen injections appear to be a promising support in treating tension headaches of masticatory origin. Headaches require meticulous diagnosis, but for tension headaches, tropocollagen may prove to be an effective solution.
The use of tropocollagen in aesthetic medicine
Authors: Bednarczyk-Kocwa Dorota
Published: February 2025

The modern conception of the aging process is that it occurs in all tissues of the face, neck, and décolleté, and is connected with the gradual loss of collagen and reduced regenerative capacity. Changes in the innermost facial muscles include an increase in muscle tone, muscle mass, functional tension leading to wrinkle lines and dermo-muscular folds. Elongation of the muscle bellies leads to a lowering of the brow line or the occurrence of loose skin folds in the jawline and neck area. There is also a functional predominance of lowering muscles with age, making the face look sad and tired. Changes in the skin mainly affect collagen – reduction of synthesis, increased degradation processes, and a slowdown in fibroblast cell division.

The facial ligaments play a very important role in the aging process, which supports the three-dimensional structure of the soft tissues and skin of the face and maintains tension between the skin and the tissues lying deeper, thus firming and stabilizing the entire complex. The answer to progressive age-related changes is collagen injections, dedicated to specific tissues of the face, neck, and décolleté area, administered at the appropriate depth. The MD-MUSCLE administered to all mimic muscles regenerates the muscle structure and relaxes it, providing the basis for treatments for the skin. In skin treatments, MD-TISSUE injections are used, in intradermal punctures, to improve tissue density and thus improve firmness and appearance. Additionally, in areas of the true and pseudo facial ligaments, MD-TISSUE injections are deepened to support their structure and elasticity.
Tropocollagen in the regeneration of oral soft tissues – the latest reports
Authors: Kryczka Marta
Published: February 2025

The aim of this study is the clinical observation of gingival tissue condition after tropocollagen injections in orthodontic patients treated with clear aligners (Invisalign). The porcine origin collagen type I (MD-TISSUE, 2 ml amp; Guna Medical Device) was injected into keratinized gingivae four times at 7–14 days intervals for mild gingival papillary recession, thin biotype of gingivae and teeth hypersensitivity associated with gingival recession. The purpose of the treatment was to prevent detrimental effect on the periodontium, especially on the patients with thin biotype and to cure periodontal complications induced by orthodontic treatment.

Teeth hypersensitivity decreased from 7 to 2 on the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). After four sessions with tropocollagen, significant improvement was observed in gum recession, the number of gingival papilla defects and gingival thickness.

It is reasonable to conclude that tropocollagen increases the safety of oral connective tissues during the treatment of patients with clear aligners and significantly reduces teeth hypersensitivity. The injectable form of tropocollagen is a promising material for gingival soft tissue regeneration and periodontal tissue biotype, including the thickness of gingivae and gingival papillae regeneration.

Future research on tropocollagen will focus on improving the technology of its use and understanding the interaction with other factors influencing the process of soft tissue reconstruction, e.g. with platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) for I-PRF injection.
Sacred Vows and Broken Bonds: The Effects of Divorce on Catholic Families in Mutare Diocese
Authors: Wasosa Henry
Published: February 2025

This study aims to examine how divorce impacts the relationships between divorced individuals and their families. A descriptive research design was used, targeting divorced individuals, their children, and their parents within the Catholic community. The study employed purposive sampling, which included six divorced individuals (coded D01 to D06), twelve children of divorced individuals (coded C01 to C12), and twelve parents of divorced individuals (coded P01 to P12). Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and analyzed thematically. The findings revealed that many divorced individuals reported stronger emotional bonds with their children after divorce, although communication challenges were common. Support from the church varied—some participants felt supported, while others felt judged. Children expressed initial confusion and sadness but gradually adapted to the changes. Both parents and children used coping mechanisms such as seeking social support and focusing on personal resilience. Some participants found comfort in their faith, while others distanced themselves from the church. The study concludes that divorce affects individuals and families in complex ways, emphasizing the need for greater emotional and spiritual support from the church and the community. Such support could help divorced individuals and their children cope with the emotional and relational challenges of divorce.
PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN PROBLEM BASED INSTRUCTION (PBI) UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PEMECAHAN MASALAH PADA MATA PELAJARAN IPAS TOPIK A AKU DAN KEBUTUHANKU KELAS IV SD INPRES OEBA 2 KOTA KUPANG TAHUN AJARAN 2023/2024
Authors: Moruk Yosina Aurelia , Hasyda Suryadin , Ahmad Rizqy Amelia R.
Published: February 2025

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi masih rendahnya Pemecahan Masalah  peserta didik kelas IV SD Inpres Oeba 2 pada mata pelajaran IPAS, dari hasil obervasi pra siklus guru sejauh ini sudah berupaya untuk menggunakan model dan strategi untuk melaksanakan capaian pembelajaran tetapi masih banyak yang belum mencapai KKM 70 dikarenakan peserta didik didalam kelas memiliki tingkat pemahaman yang bervariasi dalam memahami IPAS. Untuk mengatasi permaslahan tersebut dilakukan Penelitian Tindakan Kelas yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan Pemecahan Masalah peserta didik pada mata pelajaran IPAS, Topik A aku dan kebutuhanku di kelas IV melalui penerapan model pembelajaran Problem Based Instruction. Dalam penelitian, peneliti menggunakan teknik pengumpulan data dan teknik analisis data menggunakan lembar observasi, postest dan angket. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa pada hasil tes siklus satu rata-rata perolehan nilai peserta didik ialah 55,66%. Pada siklus dua nilai rata-rata 87,91%. Hal ini kriterianya mencapai ketuntasan yang sangat baik yang sudah mencapai indikator keberhasilan nilai rata-rata diatas KKM 70 > 85% dari jumlah 24 peserta didik. Dapat ditarik simpulan bahwa penerapan model pembelajaran Problem Based Instruction dapat meningkatkan pemecahan masalah peserta didik pada Topik A Aku dan kebutuhanku kelas IV SD Inpres Oeba 2 Tahun ajaran 2023/2024.
"INFORMATIONAL SUPPORT FOR RULEMAKING: ANALYSIS OF LEGAL RELATIONS AND MEANS "
Authors:   Tashkent State University of Law, Sodikov Akmal
Published: February 2025

"This article analyzes the issues of legal relations and means related to providing information to national rulemaking. The aim of the research is to develop relevant proposals, recommendations, and conclusions on improving the legislation and law enforcement practice of the Republic of Uzbekistan in this regard by studying the legal relations and means of rulemaking. The subject of the study is normative-legal documents related to rulemaking in the Republic of Uzbekistan, law enforcement practice, as well as scientific and theoretical conceptual approaches and legal categories. The research applied methods such as historical, systematic-structural, logical, induction, deduction, comparative-legal, comprehensive study of scientific sources, and analysis of statistical data. The scientific significance of the article is manifested in its scientific and theoretical conclusions, proposals, and recommendations. These conclusions serve to increase the effectiveness of information support for the rule-making process, interpret the relevant norms of regulatory legal acts, improve national legislation, provide education in the theory of state and law, rule-making, and legal technique, and enrich these areas from a scientific and theoretical point of view. The practical significance of the research results is determined by the possibility of their use in improving regulatory legal acts and law enforcement practice regulating the activities of providing information for rule-making.
"
"LEGAL LINGUISTICS AND LINGUISTIC EXPERTISE OF DRAFT NORMATIVE LEGAL DOCUMENTS: SOME THEORETICAL AND LEGAL ISSUES "
Authors:   Tashkent State University of Law, Akhmedshaeva Mavlyuda
Published: February 2025

"The article discusses the role and significance of language issues in ensuring the quality and effectiveness of legislative documents, as well as the importance of legal linguistics in ensuring that the language of normative legal documents complies with the rules and requirements of the state language. This field reflects the interconnection between law and language, and the article explores the development prospects of this discipline in our country’s scientific field. At the same time, the article analyzes the varying perspectives of scholars on the necessity of ensuring that the language of normative legal documents meets the requirements of legal technique. Among the tools ensuring compliance with the state language and its rules and requirements, linguistic expertise plays an important role. In this regard, the theoretical and legal issues of conducting linguistic expertise of normative legal documents are highlighted. Currently, the article also analyzes the organizational and legal mechanism for conducting linguistic expertise in the legislative process in our country, its development, the procedure for conducting this expertise, the object and subject of the expertise, its timeframes, goals, and tasks. In the conclusion, the author presents proposals and recommendations aimed at further improving the organizational and legal mechanism for conducting linguistic expertise and its legal foundations.
"
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE SYSTEMS AS A SOURCE OF EXCESSIVE RISK: FORCE MAJEURE
Authors:   Tashkent State Agrarian University, Isanov Kholmurod
Published: February 2025

"This article scientifically analyzes the civil law features of force majeure arising in artificial intelligence systems, which are a source of increased danger. The concept of force majeure, circumstances that do not depend on the will and actions of the participants in the legal relationship and lead to the breach of obligations and unlawful damage as a result of an extraordinary and inevitable event, the consequences of which cannot be prevented or eliminated under certain circumstances, is also discussed. In particular, the development of relations between artificial intelligence systems and humans has been analyzed; sometimes these systems cause harm to humans, and such losses occur due to various random events or technological failures, software errors that occur in artificial intelligence systems. At the same time, the opinions of legal scholars and practitioners on the legal status of artificial intelligence systems were analyzed. The non-absolute control over the processes of artificial intelligence systems and the civil-legal features of force majeure in determining responsibility for damage caused to people due to technological failures, software errors, or sudden accidents occurring in these systems are revealed. The article also developed proposals on the grounds for excluding liability for damage caused by artificial intelligence systems in the event of force majeure.
"
"ANALYSIS OF THE EXPERIENCE OF SOME FOREIGN COUNTRIES IN VICTIMOLOGICAL PREVENTION OF PREDMITTED KILLING "
Authors:   "Academic Affairs  at the Tashkent Academic Lyceum No. 2  under the MIA of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Independent researcher of the Academy of  the MIA of the Republic of Uzbekistan ", Kasimov Nodirjon
Published: February 2025

"The article examines the experience of some foreign countries in organizing the victimological prevention of intentional crimes related to murder. In many countries of the world, the protection of individuals from encroachments on their lives is the main area of prevention of premeditated murder. For this reason, it can be observed that victimological prevention, aimed at early identification of factors causing victims and their elimination, has become an urgent issue. The study used methods of analysis, logic, and comparative legal and statistical data analysis. The work carried out in a number of countries on the organization of victimological prevention of intentional homicide and the measures taken were studied and compared. In the conclusion, opinions were expressed on the advantages and prospects of implementing this experience in the conditions of Uzbekistan. The scope of work to be carried out to establish cooperation between law enforcement agencies and the population in organizing these preventive measures was also studied. A proposal was put forward to take into account the experience of such countries as the USA, Germany, Great Britain, Canada, and Russia in the organization of victimological prevention of premeditated murder, taking into account the aspects that correspond to the conditions of our country.
"
The Role of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Surgical Site Infections in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Kindiki Sarah Karauki , Nyongesa Peter Kuloba , Mogoi Nyabera Nicholas , Kiprono Sabella
Published: February 2025

Surgical Site Infections remain a significant burden in healthcare settings, contributing to prolonged hospital stays, increased healthcare costs, and increased morbidity and mortality rates. Among the various pathogens implicated in these infections, Pseudomonas aeruginosa remains a particularly formidable bacterium due to its intrinsic resistance to many antibiotics and its ability to acquire additional resistance mechanisms. Despite this incidence, there is a geographical limitation of surveillance programs on this pathogen continues to cripple infection control and prevention in sub-Saharan Africa, crippling surveillance data on the infection management. We aimed at understanding the role of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) on the seemingly growing and concerning infections of surgical site in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). This study adopted systematic review and meta-analysis design in line with PRISMA guidelines. For data collection, therefore, we systematically searched PubMed and other relevant databases for articles (2015-2023) relevant to antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and predominance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). We examined 26 relevant articles out of 225 that matched the initial search. A standardized data extraction form was developed to capture relevant information from the selected studies. Data collected from the studies included were synthesized narratively and reported through Systematic Reviews and Meta Analyses (PRISMA). Through an in-depth analysis of the relevant literature, the low number of studies in the region focused on PA and AMR. Nevertheless, the relatively few studies demonstrate the high rates of PA involvement in surgical site infections. The studies further show high levels of multi-drug resistance and points to subsequent nosocomial clinical outcomes. In conclusion, the study underscores the burden posed by PA in SSA, highlighting on the prevalence, multi-drug resistance and virulence. Clearly, its surveillance remains geographically limited especially in the regions that are underrepresented. The study recommends that infections prevention and control programs (IPCs) be strengthened, that antimicrobial stewardship be sensitised to regulate antibiotic use, and that surveillance and research on PA be expanded in SSA.
A GRAVIDEZ COMO ESTADO IMUNOSSUPRESSOR: A COVID-19 E A PRÉ- ECLÂMPSIA; UMA REVISÃO NARRATIVA
Authors: Barreira Ana Clara Cardozo , Silva Aline Campos dos Santos
Published: February 2025

Este artigo buscou abordar a correlação entre a COVID-19 e a pré-eclâmpsia, duas condições que tem alta probabilidade de complicação se não diagnosticadas adequadamente, e que podem se sobrepor durante a gestação. O objetivo dessa revisão foi estabelecer uma conexão entre as duas enfermidades, a fim de aprimorar o atendimento dessa gestante. A metodologia incluiu uma revisão narrativa de literatura, utilizando as bases de dados PubMed e BVS. Após aplicar os critérios de inclusão e exclusão, foram selecionados 18 artigos. O estudo evidenciou que gestantes que contraíram a COVID-19 durante a gravidez corriam maior risco de desenvolver pré-eclâmpsia, principalmente aquelas que apresentavam os fatores de risco compartilhados pelas duas enfermidades. Fomentou-se também a possibilidade de que uma síndrome que imita a pré-eclâmpsia seja a responsável pelo aumento dos casos nessa categoria de gestantes. As conclusões indicam a existência, mesmo que parcialmente elucidada, de uma relação entre a pré-eclâmpsia e a COVID-19, em virtude das suas fisiopatologias se equipararem e levarem a uma endotelite, que se acentua pelo estado imunossupressor da gravidez, elevando assim o risco da gestação. Nesse tocante, isso destaca a importância do acompanhamento rigoroso desse grupo, além da necessidade do rastreio precoce da pré-eclâmpsia nessas gestantes.
PESQUISA BRASILEIRA EM ENFERMAGEM ONCOLÓGICA: UMA REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA SOBRE CÂNCER DE PULMÃO E PÂNCREAS
Authors: Santos Márcia Cristina dos , Reis Leonia Lisboa de Souza , Carvalho Juliana Ribeiro de , Sant'anna Thainara de Lima , Genaio Vitoria Ribeiro Moutinho , Ribeiro Wanderson Alves
Published: February 2025

Este artigo buscou descrever a relação entre fatores de risco modificáveis e não modificáveis e a incidência de câncer de pulmão e pâncreas no Brasil. Para isso, foi realizada uma revisão bibliográfica de caráter descritivo e abordagem qualitativa, analisando literaturas científicas relacionadas ao tema. Os resultados destacam a importância da enfermagem na promoção da autogestão da saúde, capacitando os pacientes para monitorar regularmente indicadores importantes como pressão arterial, glicose e peso, a fim de reduzir a exposição a fatores de risco evitáveis. Conclui-se que, apesar dos avanços na compreensão dos fatores associados ao câncer, ainda há desafios importantes, especialmente no que se refere ao acesso desigual aos recursos de saúde. Recomenda-se que pesquisas futuras aprofundem essas questões, contribuindo para a melhoria das práticas de prevenção e tratamento oncológico.
Base synergy in freshly nucleated particles
Authors: Hasan Galib , Wu Haide , Knattrup Yosef , Elm Jonas
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Sulfuric acid (SA), ammonia (AM), and dimethylamine (DMA) are believed to be key contributors to new particle formation (NPF) in the atmosphere. NPF happens through gas-to-particle transformation via cluster formation. However, it is not obvious how small clusters grow to larger sizes and eventually form stable aerosol particles. Recent experimental measurements showed that the presence of mixtures of bases enhanced the nucleation rate by several orders of magnitude. Using quantum chemistry methods, this study explores this base synergy in the formation of large clusters from a mixture of SA, AM, and DMA. We calculated the binding free energies of the (SA)n(AM)x(DMA)n−x clusters, with n from 1 to 10, where x runs from 0 to n. The cluster structures were obtained using our recently developed comprehensive configurational sampling approach based on multiple ABCluster runs and meta-dynamic sampling via the Conformer–Rotamer Ensemble Sampling Tool (CREST). The structures and thermochemical parameters are calculated at the B97-3c level of theory. The final single point energy of the clusters is calculated at the ωB97X-D3BJ/6-311++G(3df,3pd) level of theory. Based on the calculated thermochemistry, we found that AM, despite being a weaker base, forms more intermolecular interactions than DMA and easily becomes embedded in the cluster core. This leads to the mixed SA–AM–DMA clusters being lower in free energy compared to the pure SA–AM and SA–DMA clusters. We find that the strong base DMA is important in the very first steps in cluster formation, but for larger clusters an increased ammonia content is found. We also observed that the cluster-to-particle transition point for the mixed SA–AM–DMA clusters occurs at a cluster size of 14 monomers, which is notably smaller than the transition points for the pure SA–AM (16 monomers) or pure SA–DMA (20 monomers) systems. This indicates a strong synergistic effect when both AM and DMA are present, leading to the formation of stable freshly nucleated particles (FNPs) at smaller cluster sizes. These findings emphasize the importance of considering several base molecules when studying the formation and growth of FNPs.
Radon-222 monitoring at German ICOS atmosphere stations
Authors: Gachkivskyi Maksym , Karstens Ute , Fischer Bernd , Kubistin Dagmar , Müller-Williams Jennifer , Lindauer Matthias , Levin Ingeborg
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Atmospheric measurements of the short-lived radioactive noble gas 222Radon (222Rn) have many applications. Its concentrations are driven by atmospheric mixing as well as seasonal variations, which follow the seasonality of 222Rn exhalation from continental soils with lower values during the wet winter and spring months compared to more dry summer conditions. Hence, it can be used as tracer to distinguish marine from continental air masses or for transport model validation. The Heidelberg Radon Monitor (HRM) is a static filter detector measuring atmospheric 214Polonium (214Po), which is a progeny of 222Rn. These measurements can be used to infer atmospheric 222Rn activity concentrations if the radioactive disequilibrium between 214Po and 222Rn at the measurement site is known. In this study, 214Po activity concentrations measured with the HRM at 8 stations in the ICOS Germany network are presented, along with guidelines for evaluating these data to estimate atmospheric 222Rn activity concentrations. In addition to the established line-loss and disequilibrium corrections applied when sampling through long tubing or from air intake heights close to the ground, respectively, an upper limit for relative humidity (RH) is suggested, where secular equilibrium can still be assumed. At higher RH, aerosol scavenging effects can cause disequilibrium between 214Po and 222Rn. Using comparison with the model this threshold is determined to be at about 98 % RH. A clear diurnal cycle of 222Rn is observed at all German tower stations during the summer and autumn months as well as seasonal cycle with maximum during summer and autumn months. Overall, our results demonstrate that the 214Po-based 222Rn measurements with the HRM are reliable if the equilibrium conditions between 214Po and 222Rn can be ensured, i.e. for air intake heights above 80–90 m a.g.l. at stations located in flat areas during conditions with RH < 98 %.
Monitoring and benchmarking Earth system model simulations with ESMValTool v2.12.0
Authors: Lauer Axel , Bock Lisa , Hassler Birgit , Jöckel Patrick , Ruhe Lukas , Schlund Manuel
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Earth system models (ESMs) are important tools to improve our understanding of present-day climate and to project climate change under different plausible future scenarios. Thus, ESMs are continuously improved and extended, resulting in more complex models. Particularly during the model development phase, it is important to continuously monitor how well the historical climate is reproduced and to systematically analyze, evaluate, understand, and document possible shortcomings. Hence, putting model biases relative to observations or, for example, a well-characterized pre-industrial control run, into the context of deviations shown by other state-of-the-art models greatly helps to assess which biases need to be addressed with higher priority. Here, we introduce the new capability of the open-source community-developed Earth System Model Evaluation Tool (ESMValTool) to monitor running simulations or benchmark existing simulations with observations in the context of results from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP). To benchmark model output, ESMValTool calculates metrics such as the root-mean-square error, the Pearson correlation coefficient, or the earth mover's distance relative to reference datasets. This is directly compared to the same metric calculated for an ensemble of models such as the one provided by Phase 6 of the CMIP (CMIP6), which provides a statistical measure for the range of values that can be considered typical of state-of-the-art ESMs. Results are displayed in different types of plots, such as map plots or time series, with different techniques such as stippling (maps) or shading (time series) used to visualize the typical range of values for a given metric from the model ensemble used for comparison. While the examples shown here focus on atmospheric variables, the new functionality can be applied to any other ESM component such as land, ocean, sea ice, or land ice. Automatic downloading of CMIP results from the Earth System Grid Federation (ESGF) makes application of ESMValTool for benchmarking of individual model simulations, for example, in preparation of Phase 7 of the CMIP (CMIP7), easy and very user-friendly.
Runoff component quantification and future streamflow projection in a large mountainous basin based on a multidata-constrained cryospheric–hydrological model
Authors: Zhang Mengjiao , Nan Yi , Tian Fuqiang
Published: February 2025

Abstract. The Yarlung Tsangpo River (YTR) is one of several major rivers originating on the Tibetan Plateau (TP). Large uncertainties exist in studies related to streamflow variations in this basin, and such investigations are difficult due to the widely distributed snowpack, glaciers, and permafrost, as well as their complex effects on hydrological processes. In this study, we conducted a systematic analysis of the streamflow variations and runoff components in the YTR basin, using a physically based hydrological model validated by streamflow and multiple datasets related to cryospheric processes. The main findings of this work are as follows: The contributions of both snowmelt and glacier melt runoff to streamflow are limited (about 5 %–6 % for the whole basin), and these contributions might have been overestimated in previous studies. Annual runoff will evidently increase in the future. The relative change in annual streamflow could exceed 90 mm (∼38 %) at the outlet station in the far-future period, compared with the historical period, under the high-emission scenario. Adopting more observational data to calibrate the hydrological model played a critical role in reducing the uncertainty in the hydrological simulation. The biases in the snow and glacier simulation for unconstrained data led to a marked overestimation of the contributions of snowmelt and glacier melt runoff to streamflow and, further, introduced an underestimation of the increasing trends of annual runoff by approximately 5 %–10 % in the future projection. These results provide a relatively reliable reference for the streamflow change and runoff components in both the historical and future periods in the YTR basin, as more datasets were used to constrain the model uncertainty compared with previous studies.
Mind the gap: misalignment between drought monitoring and community realities
Authors: Kchouk Sarra , Cavalcante Louise , Melsen Lieke A. , Walker David W. , Ribeiro Neto Germano , Gondim Rubens , Smolenaars Wouter J. , van Oel Pieter R.
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Despite recent studies emphasising the dual human and physical nature of droughts, there is a lag in advancing this insight in drought monitoring and early warning systems (DEWSs). These systems mainly depend on hydro-climatic indices and often overlook the experiences of affected communities, resulting in a drought monitoring gap. This study introduces the monitoring efficacy matrix (MEM) to assess the alignment between officially monitored data, relevant to drought impacts, and the actual experiences of a rural community in northeastern Brazil, which we investigated through interviews. The MEM revealed “drought monitoring challenges”, composed of mismatches and blind spots between the official data and local experiences. Mismatches stem from varying spatial and temporal levels; blind spots arise from the diversity of local resilience strategies, or vulnerabilities, influencing drought impacts. What we define as a “drought monitoring gap” results from the tendency to prioritise specific indices and pragmatic spatial and temporal levels over a comprehensive drought monitoring approach. We posit that a first step to bridging this gap can draw inspiration from recent drought-impact-monitoring initiatives, which are focused on the continuous monitoring of non-extreme events by municipal technical extension officers. However, ultimately bridging the drought monitoring gap remains conditional on the adaptation of DEWS frameworks to accommodate the integration of qualitative and local data representing the relevant drought-related local context.
Assessing Lagrangian coherence in atmospheric blocking
Authors: Schoeller Henry , Chemnitz Robin , Koltai Péter , Engel Maximilian , Pfahl Stephan
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Atmospheric blocking exerts a major influence on mid-latitude atmospheric circulation and is known to be associated with extreme weather events. Previous work has highlighted the importance of the origin of air parcels that define the blocking region, especially with respect to non-adiabatic processes such as latent heating. So far, an objective method of clustering the individual Lagrangian trajectories passing through a blocking into larger and, more importantly, spatially coherent air streams has not been established. This is the focus of our study. To this end, we determine coherent sets of trajectories, which are regions in the phase space of dynamical systems that keep their geometric integrity in time and can be characterized by robustness under small random perturbations. We approximate a dynamic diffusion operator on the available Lagrangian data and use it to cluster the trajectories into coherent sets. Our implementation adapts the existing methodology to the non-Euclidean geometry of Earth's atmosphere and its challenging scaling properties. The framework also allows for statements about the spatial behavior of the trajectories as a whole. We discuss two case studies differing with respect to season and geographic location. The results confirm the existence of spatially coherent feeder air streams differing with respect to their dynamical properties and, more specifically, their latent heating contribution. Air streams experiencing a considerable amount of latent heating (warm conveyor belts) occur mainly during the maturing phase of the blocking and contribute to its stability. In our example cases, trajectories also exhibit an altered evolution of general coherence when passing through the blocking region, which is in line with the common understanding of blocking as a region of low dispersion.
"Tres fantásticas semanas de provocación". Las referencias de Jrushchov a España en la asamblea de la ONU (1960)
Authors: Quintana Moraira Juan Luis
Published: February 2025

El 20 de septiembre de 1960, Nikita Jrushchov realizó su segundo viaje a Estados Unidos encabezando la delegación de la URSS en la XV Asamblea de la ONU. Allí, revolucionó sus sesiones con una actitud beligerante,y protagonizó varios incidentes, aún recordados hoy en día. Sus críticas también alcanzaron a España. Este artículo pretende exponer convenientemente estos hechos y contextualizarlos para ayudar a entender las causas que los motivaron. Mediante el análisis de fuentes archivísticas y periodísticas de la época, se reconstruirá la cadena de acontecimientos, y se confrontarán puntos de vista. Posteriormente se procederá dar respuesta a las preguntas planteadas de inicio.
Compañeras del hombre y creadoras de la familia. La imagen de las mujeres guineanas a través de Hermic Films (1944-1946)
Authors: Quintanar Cabello Vanessa , Domínguez Burrieza Francisco Javier
Published: February 2025

Los incipientes medios de comunicación de masas, nacidos a finales del siglo XIX, fueron uno de los principales instrumentos empleados por las metrópolis europeas para dar a conocer los territorios recién incorporados en África. España no fue una excepción y, especialmente a través del cine, fue conformando para el gran público una imagen de aquellos lejanos territorios y sus pobladores. Un buen ejemplo lo constituye la serie de Guinea de Hermic Films (1944-1946), analizada en este artículo con el fin de reflexionar sobre la imagen que los medios de masas españoles dieron de las mujeres guineanas, en qué contextos las insertaron, qué modelos estéticos asentaron y cómo pudieron influir en la percepción que los españoles tuvieron sobre las desconocidas habitantes de las colonias africanas.
Marcin Majewski, Paweł Biedziak, Tora. Rozmowa o pierwszych pięciu księgach Biblii, Wydawnictwo Vocatio, Warszawa 2022, ss. 165.
Authors: Ćwikła Jarosław
Published: February 2025

W 2022 r. w Warszawie nakładem Wydawnictwa Vocatio, ukazała się książka dra hab. Marcina Majewskiego oraz Pawła Biedziaka: Tora. Rozmowa o pierwszych pięciu księgach Biblii. Trzon publikacji stanowi sześć części: Wstęp do pięciu ksiąg Tory (s. 15–26), Bereszit – Księga Rodzaju (s. 27–54), Szemot – Księga Wyjścia (s. 55–78), Wajikra – Księga Kapłańska (s. 79–110), Bemindbar – Księga Liczb (s. 111–138) oraz Dewarim – Księga Powtórzonego Prawa (s. 139–165). Warto jeszcze wspomnieć, że otwiera ją Chronologia biblijna (s. 7–12), zawierająca najbardziej kluczowe daty z historii biblijnej i krótkie Wprowadzenie (s. 13–14).
Religia w służbie wojny, wojna w służbie religii
Authors: Stępień Jakub
Published: February 2025

Belief systems and armed conflicts can be included in the catalog of factors influencing the creation and strengthening of social structures. Although it would seem that the above aspects of human activity are completely opposite, it is possible to notice a certain kind of relationship between them. Despite the connection with completely different spheres of human life, war and religion have intertwined with each other throughout history, shaped and influenced each other. The article below is intended to demonstrate the above-mentioned relationship by discussing the mechanisms of creating mutual dependencies between war and religion; provide examples of the use of the above-mentioned mechanisms; and to be an attempt to answer the question of how religions were able to contribute to wars and whether at the turn of history the opposite could have happened, in which the armed conflict served specific purposes of belief systems.
Dyskryminacja ze względu na wyznanie w Polsce i w Republice Czeskiej
Authors: Ziółkowska Krystyna
Published: February 2025

The subject of this study is a comparative legal analysis of the issue of the prohibition of discrimination on the basis of religion in the Polish and Czech legal systems. Aspects related to discrimination are not an easy topic, especially since they concern delicate and difficult aspects also related to human personal dignity. The first part will present general issues, primarily relating to international and European regulations prohibiting discrimination on the basis of religion. The rest of the article will raise the issue of anti-discrimination provisions under Polish and Czech law and present legal solutions in this matter.
„Budowani jako duchowa świątynia” (1 P 2, 5), czyli o alegorycznej interpretacji Absalona ze Sprinckirsbach w jego czterech kazaniach na poświęcenie kościoła
Authors: Włosiński Ks. Mateusz
Published: February 2025

The article shows the role of the Scripture in the way Christology is pursued by the prominent Polish theologian Fr. Jacek Salij. Biblical books of the Old and New Testament are at the heart of his theological thought. Through the commentaries of the Latin and Greek Fathers of the Church, he strives to uncover the depth of the Scripture. As he reads the Bible, he does not stop at the text itself, but aims at the encounter with Jesus Christ as the person. He confronts the Holy Scripture with the questions of today’s readers and the contemporary culture. In the way, he practises Christology, you can see the influence of the theological ressourcement movement. He strongly opposes a nominalistic lecture of the Bible.
Reakcje użytkowników Facebooka na przekaz medialny aktorów na gali Oscarów w kontekście akcji czerwonej wstążki w 1991 r. i ruchu Time’s Up w 2018 r. Wybrane refleksje medioznawcze
Authors: Kuligowska Aleksandra
Published: February 2025

The aim of the article is to analyze the reactions of Facebook users to the actors’ media messages in reference to the red ribbon campaign in 1991 and the Time’s up movement at the Oscars in 2018. In the research, the author used qualitative methods, as well as content analysis and discourse analysis. The publication increases the cognitive value in the area of research on the consequences of mediatization and celebritization processes.