bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of Blockchain and Smart Services, for Smart Governments: A systematic review of the literature
Authors: Mohamed Ahmed Alfatih D. , Alkhateeb Yazan M. , Agarwal Puneet , Abdelwahab Ahmed R. , Alrababah Osamah
Published: October 2022

The interest in blockchain technology has grown rapidly, day by day. This is simply because of the security and decentralization that it provides. Nevertheless, most government services around the world run on inefficient systems loaded with heavy bureaucracy. They lead to non-transparent systems and a loss of public confidence in government services. The present systematic review of the literature on this topic aims to highlight the characteristics of blockchain technology that demonstrate its uniqueness, together with the characteristics of the smart government services that are required for efficient service delivery. It was found that the dominant characteristics of blockchain technology that are expected to provide the highest value for customers are decentralization and the capacity to be shared and public, whereas the most desired characteristics for the efficient service delivery of smart government services are speed, trust and participation. The paper went on to examine how the use of blockchain technology in government services is impacting on their delivery to customers by using examples from all around the world and to conduct a SWOT analysis of the use of blockchain in the government sector. Its findings are expected to help governments to develop a blockchain strategy that helps smart government services to adopt blockchain successfully.
Aortitis Secondary to Cogan’s Syndrome: A Rare Cause of Fever of Unknown Origin
Authors: Rosado Maria Margarida , Queirós Cláudia , Conceição Vanda , Vieira Nuno Bernardino , Arez Luísa
Published: October 2022

Fever of unknown origin remains a diagnostic challenge. Aortitis, defined as inflammation of the aorta, has multiple infectious and non-infectious causes.
 We report the case of an elderly woman with vertigo and bilateral hearing loss, presenting with fever of unknown origin. Blood tests were remarkable for leucocytosis with neutrophilia, elevation of C-reactive protein and the erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and positive antinuclear antibodies and rheumatoid factor, and an unremarkable search for multiple infectious causes of fever. During admission the patient developed a bilateral red eye. Abdominal and chest computed tomography was performed and demonstrated signs of aortitis. Due to the coexistence of aortitis, ocular inflammation, vertigo and bilateral hearing loss in a patient with persistent fever and elevation of inflammatory parameters, a presumptive diagnosis of Cogan’s syndrome was made, with improvement after initiation of steroid therapy.
El jaguar en la Selva Maya ¿deidad o villano?
Authors: Méndez-Saint Martin Gabriela , Contreras-Moreno Fernando M. , Espinosa Daniel Jesús , Sánchez-Pinzón Khiavett Guadalupe
Published: October 2022

Es el cazador perfecto, camina sobre la hojarasca, pero sus pasos no se escuchan, con su pelaje amarillo como el sol y sus rosetas negras como estrellas, se pierden entre la selva, nosotros no lo vemos, pero él siempre nos observa.
Experiences of personal protective equipment and reasons for non-compliance
Authors: Millington Timothy Ian , Chilcott Robert P , Williams Julia
Published: October 2022

Background:

The COVID-19 pandemic created challenges in prehospital care. Paramedics have been required to adhere to strict protocols regarding infection control and the use of personal protective equipment (PPE). These protocols have evolved as the pandemic progressed. Understanding the experiences of paramedics in using PPE and their reasons behind not adhering to recommended guidelines should improve the limited evidence base and assist healthcare organisations to form tailored PPE guidance, enabling better protection of paramedics.

Aim:

This study aimed to analyse evidence on paramedics' experiences of using PPE and explore the reasons behind non-compliance to inform PPE policies.

Methods:

Searches of five key databases identified papers relating to frontline practitioners' experiences of using PPE; frontline was defined as working in patient-facing roles in prehospital, emergency department or critical care settings. Articles were then subject to thematic analysis as part of this narrative review.

Results:

Three themes emerged: physical and emotional wellbeing; impact on patient care and clinical effectiveness; and PPE fatigue. The evidence explores health professionals' experiences of working in this difficult environment but very little data exist regarding the impact of PPE, specifically on UK paramedics or their reasons for not adhering to PPE protocols.

Conclusion:

PPE affects wearers in a variety of ways. Factors behind non-adherence are multifactorial. A paucity of literature exists regarding paramedics' experiences of using PPE.
To what extent is end-tidal carbon dioxide a predictor of sepsis?
Authors: Long Joseph , Dippenaar Enrico
Published: October 2022

Background:

Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection. It is a major cause of death worldwide; 245 000 cases are reported in the UK annually with a mortality rate of 20.3%. Rapid diagnosis and rapid treatment of sepsis can significantly reduce mortality but sepsis can be difficult to diagnose. End-tidal carbon dioxide (EtCO2) is the measurement of expired CO2 using capnometry and waveform capnography. For CO2 to be exhaled, it must be metabolised and transported before being exhaled by effective ventilation; EtCO2 can therefore provide an indication of metabolism, circulation and ventilation. EtCO2 has already been shown to be an indicator of other metabolic acidosis conditions so this review aims to identify the usefulness of EtCO2 in identifying sepsis.

Methods:

A systematic literature search was conducted between March and April 2021 using the CINAHL Plus and MEDLINE databases. The results were screened and evaluated.

Results:

Of the 44 papers identified in the original search, seven were included in this review.

Conclusion:

This review suggests an EtCO2 of ≤25 mmHg (3.3 kPa) in patients with a suspected infection is diagnostic of sepsis and therefore could be used to increase the speed and accuracy of diagnosis and potentially reduce sepsis mortality. It also identifies gaps in research around UK practice and in comparing EtCO2 against UK sepsis guidelines and diagnostic tools such as the UK Sepsis Trust guidelines.
The Care Quality Commission's new assessment framework
Authors: Halliwell Amanda
Published: October 2022

The Care Quality Commission is introducing a new assessment framework and compulsory use of its upgraded portal. Amanda Halliwell considers what is known so far, and how it will impact care home owners and managers
Consequências das intervenções antrópicas na nascente da Muritiba em Lençóis, Bahia
Authors: Silva Milena Medrado , Oliveira Alane Kelly Nunes , Almeida Caio Reniere Sant'Ana , Rodrigues Joelma Santos , Oliveira Ina Mariani , Lima Carlos César Uchôa , Chaves Joselisa Maria
Published: October 2022

Este trabalho teve como objetivo estabelecer uma relação entre a situação da nascente da Muritiba, localizada na cidade de Lençóis, Bahia e as intervenções humanas por ela sofrida ao longo dos anos. A pesquisa buscou demonstrar como as intervenções se estabeleceram e foram determinantes para a ocorrência das alterações ecológicas. Após uma visita de campo e observações do local, foram levantadas diversas hipóteses, sob olhares de profissionais de diversas áreas, sobre as possíveis causas da nascente, antes permanente, ter se tornado temporária. Historicamente, a facilidade de acesso e a qualidade da água, fez com que a população buscasse a nascente, principalmente nos períodos de seca. Entretanto, a captação de águas subterrâneas no entorno da nascente, inviabilizou a disponibilidade de água, gerando questões socioambientais relevantes. Dessa forma, o estudo apontou a necessidade de atividades do Poder Público local e de Educação Ambiental com vista a proteção ambiental da área.
Antibiofilm agents with therapeutic potential against enteroaggregative Escherichia coli
Authors: Kwasi David A. , Babalola Chinedum P. , Olubiyi Olujide O. , Hoffmann Jennifer , Uzochukwu Ikemefuna C. , Okeke Iruka N.
Published: October 2022

Background

EnteroaggregativeEscherichia coli(EAEC) is a predominant but neglected enteric pathogen implicated in infantile diarrhoea and nutrient malabsorption. There are no non-antibiotic approaches to dealing with persistent infection by these exceptional colonizers, which form copious biofilms. We screened the Medicines for Malaria Venture Pathogen Box for chemical entities that inhibit EAEC biofilm formation.

Methodology

We used EAEC strains, 042 and MND005E in a medium-throughput crystal violet-based antibiofilm screen. Hits were confirmed in concentration-dependence, growth kinetic and time course assays and activity spectra were determined against a panel of 25 other EAEC strains. Antibiofilm activity against isogenic EAEC mutants, molecular docking simulations and comparative genomic analysis were used to identify the mechanism of action of one hit.

Principal findings

In all, five compounds (1.25%) reproducibly inhibited biofilm accumulation by at least one strain by 30–85% while inhibiting growth by under 10%. Hits exhibited potent antibiofilm activity at concentrations at least 10-fold lower than those reported for nitazoxanide, the only known EAEC biofilm inhibitor. Reflective of known EAEC heterogeneity, only one hit was active against both screen isolates, but three hits showed broad antibiofilm activity against a larger panel of strains. Mechanism of action studies point to the EAEC anti-aggregation protein (Aap), dispersin, as the target of compound MMV687800.

Conclusions

This study identified five compounds, not previously described as anti-adhesins or Gram-negative antibacterials, with significant EAEC antibiofilm activity. Molecule, MMV687800 targets the EAEC Aap.In vitrosmall-molecule inhibition of EAEC colonization opens a way to new therapeutic approaches against EAEC infection.
Transfusion-transmitted arboviruses: Update and systematic review
Authors: Giménez-Richarte Ángel , Ortiz de Salazar María Isabel , Giménez-Richarte María-Paz , Collado Miriam , Fernández Pedro Luís , Clavijo Carlos , Navarro Laura , Arbona Cristina , Marco Pascual , Ramos-Rincon Jose-Manuel
Published: October 2022

Background

The detection of the first cases of transfusion-transmitted West Nile virus in 2002 posed a new challenge for transfusion safety. Institutions like the World Health Organization have stated that blood transfusion centers need to know the epidemiology of the different emerging infectious agents and their impact on blood transfusion. The aim of the study is to review the published cases of arbovirus transmission through transfusion of blood or blood components and to analyze their main clinical and epidemiological characteristics.

Material and methods

Systematic literature searches were conducted in MEDLINE, Embase and Scopus. Pairs of review authors selected a variety of scientific publications reporting cases of transfusion-transmitted arboviruses. Main clinical and epidemiological characteristics were reviewed of the cases described. The study protocol was registered in PROSPERO CRD42021270355.

Results

A total of 74 cases of transfusion-transmitted infections were identified from 10 arboviruses: West Nile virus (n = 42), dengue virus (n = 18), Zika virus (n = 3), yellow fever vaccine virus (n = 3), tick-borne encephalitis virus (n = 2), Japanese encephalitis virus (n = 2), Powassan virus (n = 1), St. Louis encephalitis virus (n = 1), Ross River virus (n = 1) and Colorado tick fever virus (n = 1). The blood component most commonly involved was red blood cells (N = 35, 47.3%; 95% confidence interval [CI] 35.9% to 58.7%). In 54.1% (N = 40; 95% CI: 42.7%-65.47%) of the cases, the recipient was immunosuppressed. Transmission resulted in death in 18.9% (N = 14; 95% CI: 10.0%-27.8%) of the recipients. In addition, 18 additional arboviruses were identified with a potential threat to transfusion safety.

Discussion

In the last 20 years, the number of published cases of transfusion-transmitted arboviruses increased notably, implicating new arboviruses. In addition, a significant number of arboviruses that may pose a threat to transfusion safety were detected. In the coming years, it is expected that transmission of arboviruses will continue to expand globally. It is therefore essential that all responsible agencies prepare for this potential threat to transfusion safety.
The magnitude and associated factors of immune hemolytic anemia among human immuno deficiency virus infected adults attending University of Gondar comprehensive specialized hospital north west Ethiopia 2021 GC, cross sectional study design
Authors: Kebede Samuel Sahile , Yalew Aregaw , Yesuf Tesfaye , Melku Mullugeta , Bambo Getachew Mesfin , Woldu Berhanu
Published: October 2022

Background

Immune hemolytic anemia commonly affects human immune deficiency infected individuals. Among anemic HIV patients in Africa, the burden of IHA due to autoantibody was ranged from 2.34 to 3.06 due to drug was 43.4%. IHA due to autoimmune is potentially a fatal complication of HIV which accompanies the greatest percent from acquired hemolytic anemia.

Objective

The main aim of this study was to determine the magnitude and associated factors of immune hemolytic anemia among human immuno deficiency virus infected adults at university of Gondar comprehensive specialized hospital north west Ethiopia from March to April 2021.

Methods

An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 358 human immunodeficiency virus-infected adults selected by systematic random sampling at the University of Gondar comprehensive specialized hospital from March to April 2021. Data for socio-demography, dietary and clinical data were collected by structured pretested questionnaire. Five ml of venous blood was drawn from each participant and analyzed by Unicel DHX 800 hematology analyzer, blood film examination and antihuman globulin test were performed to diagnosis of immune hemolytic anemia. Data was entered into Epidata version 4.6 and analyzed by STATA version 14. Descriptive statistics were computed and firth penalized logistic regression was used to identify predictors. P value less than 0.005 interpreted as significant.

Result

The overall prevalence of immune hemolytic anemia was 2.8% (10 of 358 participants). Of these 5 were males and 7 were in the 31 to 50 year age group. Among individuals with immune hemolytic anemia, 40% mild and 60% moderate anemia. The factors that showed association were family history of anemia (AOR 8.30 at 95% CI 1.56, 44.12), not eating meat (AOR 7.39 at 95% CI 1.25, 45.0), and high viral load 6.94 at 95% CI (1.13, 42.6).

Conclusion and recommendation

Immune hemolytic anemia is less frequent condition in human immunodeficiency virus infected adults, and moderate anemia was common in this population. The prevalence was increased with a high viral load, a family history of anemia, and not eating meat. In these patients, early detection and treatment of immune hemolytic anemia is necessary.
Utilization of 18s ribosomal RNA LAMP for detecting Plasmodium falciparum in microscopy and rapid diagnostic test negative patients
Authors: Aninagyei Enoch , Boakye Adjoa Agyemang , Tettey Clement Okraku , Ntiri Kofi Adjei , Ofori Samuel Ohene , Tetteh Comfort Dede , Aphour Thelma Teley , Rufai Tanko
Published: October 2022

In this study, Plasmodium falciparum was detected in patients that were declared negative for malaria microscopy and rapid diagnostic test kit (mRDT), using Plasmodium 18s rRNA loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) technique. The main aim of this study was to assess the usefulness of LAMP assay for detecting pre-clinical malaria, when microscopy and mRDT were less sensitive. DNA was obtained from 100 μL of whole blood using the boil and spin method. Subsequently, the Plasmodium 18s rRNA LAMP assay was performed to amplify the specific Plasmodium 18s rRNA gene. Microscopy and mRDT negative samples [697/2223 (31.2%)] were used for this study. Compared to frequencies obtained for the other demographic variables, most of the patients were < 6 years (37.7%), females (59.0%), peri-urban dwellers (39.0%) and patients that sought outpatient department services (39.3%). Overall, the prevalence of Plasmodium 18s rRNA was 17.5%. when stratified by study variables, Plasmodium 18s rRNA LAMP positivity was higher in patients over 30 years [58/122 (54.2%)], males [69/122 (56.5%)], rural dwellers [69/122 (56.5%)] and patients that sought OPD services [68/122 (55.7%)]. The risk of being infected with Plasmodium when routine tests were negative was higher in 15–30-year group (OR = 3.03, 95% CI: 1.6–5.8, p = 0.0007), patients > 30 years (OR = 15.2, 95% CI: 8.3–27.7, p<0.001), males (OR = 2.1, 95% CI: 1.4–3.2, p = 0.0002) and rural dwellers (OR = 2.2, 95% CI:1.4–3.6, p = 0.0009). However, risk was lower in post-natal children (OR = 0.3, 95% CI: 0.18–0.51, p<0.001). Majority (81.5%) of the infected patients presented with headache, herpes labialis, diarrhea and vomiting. We demonstrated the lack of sensitivities of microscopy and mRDT for one-time diagnosis of malaria. Therefore, it is essential to utilize a sensitive technique such as Plasmodium 18s rRNA LAMP to increase the detection rate of Plasmodium infection.
Preceptors training need assessment for medical laboratory professional clinical education programs in Ethiopia
Authors: Negesso Abebe Edao , Rikitu Gizachew Kedida , Sime Gelila Biresaw , Gebregzabher Endale H. , Tekele Saba Gebremichael , Misganaw Abay Sisay
Published: October 2022

Background

Health Workforce Improvement Program and professional associations recognized the need for a formalized method of providing academic education that would improve how preceptors teach and assess student. Thus, this study aimed to assess training needs of preceptors for Medical Laboratory Science clinical practicum education programs in Ethiopia.

Methods

A cross-sectional survey design was implemented in targeted health facility throughout the country to assess academic educational needs of preceptors for Medical Laboratory clinical practicum education programs. The study participants were conveniently selected practicing health professionals who formally or informally nominated as a clinical trainer or acts as clinical trainer giving practical training to the student in the targeted practice setting. An adapted structured questionnaire modified to local context was used to conduct the survey and the perceived competency assessment used five scale of measurement (Not capable, Beginner, Advanced beginner, Competent, Proficient). The frequency was presented using tables and figures.

Results

A total of 304 laboratory professionals participated in this study. More than half (52.6%) of the study participants were in the age group of 21 to 30 years and 264/304 (86.8%) were male. The majority (43.0%) of study participants had 6 to 10 years of experience and 212 (68.8%) did not receive clinical teaching skills training in the past two years. Regarding applying different hands-on teaching methods, the majority 38/304(12.5%) were not capable for role play and community based training, 49/304(16.1%) reported being Beginners, 85/304 (28%) said that they are advanced beginners in the competency. In this study, most study participants 98/304(32.2%) and 130/304(42.8%) perceived that they are competent and proficient in applying laboratory practice teaching methods respectively.

Conclusion

The average cumulative level of competency from level 1 (not capable) to level 3 (advanced beginner), we found: learning in the practical teaching area 45.4%, clinical practicum teaching quality improvement and advocacy 42.9%, student assessment methods 42.7%, communication, collaboration and partnership 40.9%. Overall competence of preceptors (proportion of preceptors reported competent) was 57%. We recommend designing the performance interventions in the form of training by including communication skills for effective preceptor ship, students assessment and feedback, teaching and instruction strategies, planning for clinical practicum learning and principles of learning and teaching in practical areas.
Low relative hand grip strength is associated with a higher risk for diabetes and impaired fasting glucose among the Korean population
Authors: Lee Min Jin , Khang Ah Reum , Yi Dongwon , Kang Yang Ho
Published: October 2022

Objective

This study investigated the association between relative hand grip strength (HGS) and glycemic status, such as impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and diabetes, using data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES).

Methods

We performed a cross-sectional study using the data from the KNHANES of 27,894 individuals from 2014 to 2019. Relative HGS was defined as the absolute HGS divided by body mass index and divided into quartiles in men and women. Odds ratios (OR) for diabetes and IFG were calculated using multivariate logistic regression analysis. All analyses were stratified by sex, and subgroup analysis was age-stratified.

Results

The lowest relative HGS quartile had a significant increase in the risk for diabetes (men: OR 2.72, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.12–3.50; women: OR 3.38, 95% CI 2.70–4.24) and IFG (men: OR 1.35, 95% CI 1.15–1.59; women: OR 1.60, 95% CI 1.40–1.84). The ORs for diabetes and IFG according to the decreasing quartiles of relative HGS gradually increased in both sexes (P for trend <0.001). ORs and 95% CI of the lowest relative HGS quartile for diabetes were higher in the younger age group than that of the older age group (men: 4.47 and 2.80–7.14 for young adults; 2.41 and 1.37–4.25 for older adults; women: 5.91 and 3.06–9.38 for young adults; 1.47 and 0.92–2.33 for older adults). ORs and 95% CI for IFG was similar with the trend of ORs for diabetes (men: 1.80 and 1.43–2.26 for young adults; 1.17 and 0.75–1.84 for older adults; women: 2.20 and 1.77–2.72 for young adults; 1.33 and 0.86–2.07 for older adults).

Conclusion

Lower relative HGS was associated with a higher risk of not only diabetes but also IFG in both sexes. These trends were stronger in younger adults than in older adults.
Limit cycles in mass-conserving deficiency-one mass-action systems
Authors: Boros Balázs , Hofbauer Josef
Published: October 2022

We present some simple mass-action systems with limit cycles that fall under the scope of the Deficiency-One Theorem. All the constructed examples are mass-conserving and their stoichiometric subspace is two-dimensional. Using the continuation software MATCONT, we depict the limit cycles in all stoichiometric classes at once. The networks are trimolecular and tetramolecular, and some exhibit two or even three limit cycles. Finally, we show that the associated mass-action system of a bimolecular reaction network with two-dimensional stoichiometric subspace does not admit a limit cycle.
Bifurcation for a class of piecewise cubic systems with two centers
Authors: Ji Guilin , Sun Yangjian
Published: October 2022

In this paper, a class of symmetric cubic planar piecewise
polynomial systems are presented, which have two symmetric centers
corresponding to two period annuli. By perturbation and considering
piecewise first order Melnikov function, we show the existence of 18 limit
cycles (not small-amplitude limit cycles) with the configuration
(
9
,
9
)

bifurcating from the two period annuli and 22 small-amplitude limit cycles
with the configuration
(
11
,
11
)
, respectively.
On the localization and numerical computation of positive radial
solutions for
ϕ

-Laplace equations in the annulus
Authors: Rodríguez-López Jorge , Precup Radu , Gheorghiu Calin-Ioan
Published: October 2022

The paper deals with the existence and localization of positive
radial solutions for stationary partial differential equations involving a
general
ϕ

-Laplace operator in the annulus. Three sets of boundary
conditions are considered: Dirichlet–Neumann, Neumann–Dirichlet and
Dirichlet–Dirichlet. The results are based on the homotopy version of
Krasnosel'skii's fixed point theorem and Harnack type inequalities, first
established for each one of the boundary conditions. As a consequence, the
problem of multiple solutions is solved in a natural way. Numerical
experiments confirming the theory, one for each of the three sets of
boundary conditions, are performed by using the MATLAB object-oriented
package Chebfun.
Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Gastrojejunostomy for Superior Mesenteric Artery Syndrome Secondary to Rapid Weight Loss
Authors: Storm Andrew C. , Mahmoud Tala , Akiki Karl , Law Ryan J.
Published: October 2022

A 19-year-old man diagnosed with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma undergoing chemotherapy presented for recurrent emesis and weight loss. Imaging studies of the abdomen demonstrated features of superior mesenteric artery syndrome. The patient deferred conservative treatment options and was deemed not to be a surgical candidate. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided gastroenterostomy using a lumen-apposing metal stent was performed to bypass the obstruction. Subsequently, the patient's oral intake and weight significantly improved. The stent was removed 6 months after placement with resolution of superior mesenteric artery syndrome symptoms.
O CRAS como espaço de luta
Authors: Furlan Susana , Camargo Maria Rosa Martins de
Published: October 2022

Assistência Social e dialoga com a autora Carolina Maria de Jesus, que, em seu livro “Quarto de despejo”, relata as mazelas que sofreu num tempo-espaço social. Tem por objetivo mostrar o papel do CRAS e de suas atividades como um importante espaço de luta e conquistaPALAVRAS-CHAVE: Assistência Social. Cras. Literatura.
Pelas veredas da memória
Authors: Pimentel Alline Jesus , Sacchet Teresa
Published: October 2022

Este artigo objetivou investigar a trajetória política de Iracy Picanço da sua entrada no movimento estudantil (1959) ao exílio (1966). Partindo do uso das memórias da própria Iracy que aparecem sob o formato de história oral, a análise se volta para o ingresso da militante revolucionária na política e para como a vida de Picanço foi afetada durante o golpe e o início do regime empresarial-militar brasileiro. A história é marcada pelo apagamento das experiências das mulheres e suas contribuições em momentos políticos importantes. O resgate da memória da militante baiana contribui, nesse caso, para o avanço do conhecimento a respeito da vida e da participação das mulheres na história e política brasileira.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Iracy Picanço. Memória. Ditadura. PCB.
A formação de uma nação branca
Authors: Edwards Erika Denise , Júnior Florisvaldo Paulo Ribeiro , Carneiro Maria Elizabeth Ribeiro
Published: October 2022

Ao visitar aquele que é considerado o mais europeu e mais branco país da América Latina, eu frequentemente perguntava aos argentinos, “o que aconteceu com a população negra? ” A resposta mais comum que eu ouvia nas ruas do país “não existem negros, eles desapareceram”. Como pode uma população “desaparecer” e como isto é constitutivo de uma nação que se orgulha de ser europeia. Desde a década de 1960 pesquisadores tem debatido os significados do desaparecimento e as consequências do mito do desaparecimento negro. Este ensaio delineia suas observações e conclusões recolocando a cor ao embranquecido passado da Argentina.
Mulher e Educação
Authors: Monteiro Alinne Felipe da Silva , Santos Cleide Furtado dos
Published: October 2022

ALMEIDA, Jane Soares de. Mulher e Educação: a Paixão pelo Possível. São Paulo: Editora UNESP, 1998.
European Union Litigation
Authors: Esposito Fabrizio , de Almeida Lucila
Published: October 2022

This article provides an overview of the most relevant cases decided by the Court of Justice of the European Union concerning contract law. The present issue covers the period between the beginning of January 2022 and the end of June 2022. Out of a total of 270 judgments decided in this period, 52 had a contract law dimension.
Reptile search algorithm and kriging surrogate model for structural design optimization with natural frequency constraints
Authors: Yildiz Betül Sultan , Bureerat Sujin , Panagant Natee , Mehta Pranav , Yildiz Ali Riza
Published: October 2022

This study explores the use of a recent metaheuristic algorithm called a reptile search algorithm (RSA) to handle engineering design optimization problems. It is the first application of the RSA to engineering design problems in literature. The RSA optimizer is first applied to the design of a bolted rim, which is constrained optimization. The developed algorithm is then used to solve the optimization problem of a vehicle suspension arm, which aims to solve the weight reduction under natural frequency constraints. As function evaluations are achieved by finite element analysis, the Kriging surrogate model is integrated into the RSA algorithm. It is revealed that the optimum result gives a 13% weight reduction compared to the original structure. This study shows that RSA is an efficient metaheuristic as other metaheuristics such as the mayfly optimization algorithm, battle royale optimization algorithm, multi-level cross-entropy optimizer, and red fox optimization algorithm.
Mechanical properties of a 7075-T6 aluminum alloy at elevated temperatures
Authors: Ekşi Seçil , Pehlivan Hüseyin
Published: October 2022

In this study, the mechanical properties of a 7075-T6 aluminum alloy were investigated experimentally and numerically. Tensile tests were carried out at various temperatures (25–400 °C) and cross-head speeds (1–200 mm min−1). The results showed that the tensile strength of the aluminum alloy decreased with increasing deformation temperature. Also, the temperature had more effect on the mechanical properties than on the strain rate. The fracture morphology of test specimens was investigated using a scanning electron microscope. The bending behavior of aluminum alloy at elevated temperatures was investigated with finite element simulations. It obtained a good correlation with the validation study, and it can be predicted as the high-temperature behavior of aluminum alloy with finite element simulations. The analysis results show that the temperature dramatically affects the load-carrying capacity of aluminum. The load-carrying capacity and the absorbed energy values of aluminum alloy decreased with the increasing temperature on bending behavior.
Perspectives on business ethics in South African small and medium enterprises
Authors: van Wyk Ireze , Venter Peet
Published: October 2022

SMEs are the driving force of economies. However, they face challenges that affect their long-term survival, such as developing ethical business environments. Business ethicsrelated research is underdeveloped in SMEs, thus limiting our understanding of business ethics in SMEs. The purpose of this qualitative study was to investigate how business ethics is conceptualised in SMEs, using the Delphi Technique. In SMEs, business ethics is viewed as doing the right thing, having integrity, being transparent, trustworthy, and behaving responsibly towards internal and external parties. The contribution of this article is that business ethics is perceived as upholding quality, being transparent and trustworthy.
Being ‘human’ under regimes of Human Resource Management: Using black theology to illuminate humanisation and dehumanisation in the workplace
Authors: Megoran Nick
Published: October 2022

Critical studies have rightly faulted mainstream HRM for its failure to account for the meaning of being human under regimes of HRM. This article advances the field in this regard by drawing on African and broader black theological reflection on the meaning of being human, and by using visual research methods to interrogate the extent to which workplaces respect human dignity. Fifty-five (55) visual timeline interviews were conducted in a range of workplaces in the north-east of England. Data showed that allowing autonomy and freedom, mediating audit regimes, contractual affirmation, and creating communities of care were the key factors whose presence created humanising workplaces and whose absence signalled dehumanising ones. This research allows a richer understanding of structures and processes that produce either humanising or dehumanising workplaces.
Raúl Prebisch and ECLAC in the institutionalization of Latin American social science
Authors: Scargiali Enzo Andrés
Published: October 2022

El artículo tiene por objetivo analizar las transformaciones impulsadas por Raúl Prebisch y la CEPAL en la institucionalización de las ciencias sociales latinoamericanas. Las preguntas que guían la investigación son: ¿Cuáles fueron las principales discusiones que atravesaron el campo de estudios de las ciencias sociales latinoamericanas durante las décadas de 1940 y 1950?, ¿Cuál fue el lugar de América Latina en la institucionalización de las ciencias sociales?En primer lugar, se reconstruye el proceso histórico de institucionalización de la CEPAL y de los diferentes espacios de discusión académica en la formación de Raúl Prebisch, economista argentino. Luego, se caracterizan las novedades teóricas y políticas que trajo aparejadas el estructuralismo latinoamericano en el marco de la CEPAL durante la década de 1950. También, se indaga en las críticas al desarrollismo cepalino por parte de las teorías de la dependencia durante la década de 1960. Por último, se realizan algunasconsideraciones acerca del rol de Raúl Prebisch en la CEPAL. El enfoque metodológico utilizado es la sociología histórica de América Latina. Es una disciplina que rescata de forma híbrida las teorías del cambio social, propias de la sociología, y la investigación apoyada en archivos, dela historia. Además, tiene la potencialidad de analizar los procesos sociohistóricos con el prisma de la larga, mediana y corta duración, posibilitando un entendimiento procesual y de largo aliento.
Un proyecto comprensivo para la investigación y conservación de perezosos en cacaotales de Costa Rica
Authors: Vaughan Christopher
Published: October 2022

The two-toed sloth (Choloepus hoffmanni) and the three-toed sloth (Bradypus variegatus), today considered Costa Rican national symbols, were studied for 13 years (2004-2016) in and around a cacao farm in the project “Theobroma cacao: Biodiversity in Total and Partial Forest Canopies”. This interinstitutional and interdisciplinary sloth research carried out by six departments in five institutions covered the following areas: a) spatial ecology, b) behavior, c) wildlife health, d) demography, e) genetics, and f) conservation. Twenty-six (26) scientific publications resulted, most with new information about sloths; some are summarized in this article. Sloth conservation depends on a variety of components, including: i) protection and regeneration of habitat where they live and transit, especially cacao plantations, riparian forests, live fences, and trees in pastures, ii) environmental education programs, iii) avoid extracting and selling sloths to rescue centers and private zoos, and iv) continue research and monitoring programs.
Procesos históricos de conformación del Calypso costarricense
Authors: Morales-Garro Ramón
Published: October 2022

Este artículo tiene como propósito describir los principales acontecimientos en la conformación del Calipso costarricense, desde la llegada de los primeros afroantillanos para construir el Ferrocarril a finales del siglo XIX hasta nuestros días, prestando atención a la identidad de los músicos de calypso y a las transformaciones que ha sufrido esta expresión cultural en su paso por diferentes periodos históricos a lo largo del siglo XX y en lo que va del XXI.
La utopía realista
Authors: Cordero-Arauz Roberto
Published: October 2022

El pensar es siempre una acción que compromete con la transformación, este es el hilo por el cual el pensamiento latinoamericano se ha ido planteando desde la toma de conciencia, la necesidad de establecer un pensamiento utópico que logre este cometido. Por ello, es necesario esbozar algunas ideas en torno a lo que implica esta categoría desde los aportes elaborados por el académico Horacio Cerutti Guldberg, con el propósito de permitir asumirlo como parte del bagaje del pensamiento latinoamericano: el plantear las alternativas a las realidades fragmentadas y deshumanizadas con las que vivimos en la cotidianidad.
El discurso antiderecho contra las políticas de género en Cuba durante el 2021
Authors: Vichot-Borrego Laura
Published: October 2022

Durante los últimos tres años, tomó auge en Cuba el discurso antiderecho contra las políticas públicas con enfoque de género. El carácter contestatario del fundamentalismo se hizo evidente durante el 2021, año en que se aprobó, por decreto presidencial, la Resolución 198/2021 (Programa de Adelanto a la Mujer); se avaló, como disposición del Ministerio de Educación, la 16/21 (Programa de Educación Integral de la Sexualidad); y se dieran conocer las versiones 22 y 23 del nuevo Código de las Familias. Entre mayo y julio de 2021, 25 denominaciones cristianas se pronunciaron contra dichas políticas. Las representaciones de ideas fundamentales en cinco de esas declaraciones fueron: la interpretación de la teoría de género como una ideología, la referencia constante a minorías sexuales para representar a los grupos favorecidos y la patologización de las sexualidades e identidades sexuales diversas.
Mapeo del movimiento social “Ni una Menos” en Latinoamérica: ciberactivismo político e incidencia en el abordaje de los feminicidios.
Authors: Mendiola-Vásquez Melissa
Published: October 2022

Entendemos el feminicidio desde la perspectiva de Marcela Lagarde, partiendo de elementos conceptuales de misoginia -odio hacia las mujeres- e impunidad estatal -necropolítica de género-, que responde a la realidad latinoamericana. Por otro lado, las Tecnologías de la Información y Comunicación han servido como herramientas de visibilización de feminicidios, lo cual ha generado toda una forma de ciberactivismo político, el cual lo entenderemos como el uso de las TIC’s como estrategia para la organización política de la acción colectiva.  El ensayo analiza el movimiento social “Ni una menos” en Argentina, Bolivia, Perú, El Salvador y México. Dicha selección de países se realizó, en primer lugar, con base en los altos índices de feminicidios según el Observatorio de Igualdad de Género de la CEPAL; en segundo lugar, por la información bibliográfica de fuentes primarias y secundarias de la labor realizada desde el movimiento en cada uno de los países y, en tercer lugar, por la incidencia de la conformación del colectivo en redes sociales como un medio táctico para la convocatoria a la movilización.
¿Cómo fortalecer la comunidad en la vialidad rural? Necesidades de formación y capacitación a partir de las voces comunitarias. Experiencias con comunidades del cantón de Naranjo, Costa Rica
Authors: Pérez-Carrillo Yolanda
Published: October 2022

El artículo tiene como eje central establecer la relación entre la educación permanente  y los procesos de formación y capacitación recibidos por las comunidades del cantón de Naranjo, desde una mirada de líderes comunitarios que forman parte de las Asociaciones de Desarrollo Integral y de los Comité de caminos. Dichas comunidades forman parte de un proyecto de investigación –extensión de la Escuela de Sociología de la Universidad Nacional. La metodología fue de tipo cualitativo, mediante técnicas participativas como talleres comunales, además del uso de fuentes orales. Es a partir de sus experiencias y vivencias que dan significados a las necesidades de formación requeridas por las comunidades. Con estos procesos de formación mediante la educación permanente se logra potenciar las capacidades de conocimiento de los integrantes de las organizaciones locales, permitiendo con ello la apertura y fortalecimiento de los espacios de participación comunitaria, no solo en su accionar, sino en la toma de decisiones.
Espiritualidad garífuna: una fuente de bienestar
Authors: Quevedo Tesla
Published: October 2022

El propósito de este ensayo es presentar la espiritualidad del pueblo garífuna; una fuente de bienestar, para informar sobre las prácticas culturales ancestrales que fortalecen la identidad y generan un impacto positivo sobre el estado físico y emocional de los individuos y la comunidad. Para el desarrollo de este documento se realizaron entrevistas, revisión bibliográfica y observación del tema en el contexto natural. La espiritualidad del pueblo garífuna es una forma ancestral autentica de cultivar la unidad, buscar la sanación física, emocional ycelebrar la vida desde una perspectiva de responsabilidad sobre el bien común. Este documento es una aproximación que invita a seguir profundizando el estudio del tema para visibilizar la esencia cultural del pueblo garífuna, reconocer y fortalecer sus buenas prácticas.
Raúl Prebisch y la CEPAL en la institucionalización de las ciencias sociales latinoamericanas
Authors: Scargiali Enzo Andrés
Published: October 2022

El artículo tiene por objetivo analizar las transformaciones impulsadas por Raúl Prebisch y la CEPAL en la institucionalización de las ciencias sociales latinoamericanas. Las preguntas que guían la investigación son: ¿Cuáles fueron lasprincipales discusiones que atravesaron el campo de estudios de las ciencias sociales latinoamericanas durante las décadas de 1940 y 1950? ¿Cuál fue ellugar de América Latina en la institucionalización de las ciencias sociales? En primer lugar, se reconstruye el proceso histórico de institucionalización de la CEPAL y de los diferentes espacios de discusión académica en la formación de Raúl Prebisch, economista argentino. Luego, se caracterizan las novedades teóricas y políticas que trajo aparejadas el estructuralismo latinoamericano en el marco de la CEPAL durante la década de 1950. También, se indaga en las críticas al desarrollismo cepalino por parte de las teorías de la dependencia durante la década de 1960. Por último, se realizan algunas consideraciones acerca del rol de Raúl Prebisch en la CEPAL. El enfoque metodológico utilizado es la sociología histórica de América Latina. Es una disciplina que rescata de forma híbrida las teorías del cambio social, propias de la sociología, y la investigación apoyada en archivos, de la historia. Además, tiene la potencialidad de analizar los procesos sociohistóricos con el prisma de la larga, mediana y corta duración, lo cual posibilita un entendimiento procesual y de largo aliento.
La revista Renovación, 1911-1914: de la política a la literatura
Authors: Oliva-Medina Mario
Published: October 2022

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Mario Oliva, navegante americano
Authors: Mellado-Gómez Diego
Published: October 2022

5.800 kilómetros separan Puerto Montt de San José. Pasando por las ciudades de Temuco y Santiago, cruzando el ecuador, desde las gélidas aguas puertomontinas hasta el tibio Mar Caribe, el viaje de Mario Oliva fue sin duda una odisea climática. Su arribo fue parte de un oleaje migratorio que, como nos enseña en Exiliados, expatriados e integrados: chilenos en Costa Rica 1973-2018 (2021), habría considerado alrededor de 3.000 chilenos entre 1973 y parte de la década de 1980, de los cuales algunos siguieron su ruta hacia otras latitudes, otros instalaron, pero luego retornaron y otros se integraron a la sociedad costarricense, aportando y colaborando en el desarrollo social, cultural y científico del país.

 

Presentado en el encuentro “In memoriam. Mario Oliva Medina: claves de su pensamiento”, organizado por laVicerrectoría de Investigación de la Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica, lunes 31 de mayo de 2021.
Réquiem por Mario Oliva
Authors: Núñez-Rodriguez Mauricio
Published: October 2022

Mario Oliva se despide con una amplia bibliografía sobre diversos asuntos relacionados con la historia y la literatura centroamericana y latinoamericana. Chileno de nacimiento; vocación deja un ejemplo impecable como profesor e investigador para sus colegas del Instituto de Investigaciones Latinoamericanas (IDELA) de la Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica y para los colegas de muchas regiones que tuvimos el privilegio de conocerlo y compartir quimeras académicas.

 

Publicado originalmente en:  http://www.josemarti.cu/requiem-por-mario-oliva/
Un encuentro con José Martí en las letras de Mario Oliva Medina
Authors: Vargas-Ramos Daliana
Published: October 2022

Mario Oliva Medina es profesor universitario, y prolífico escritor chileno que reside en Costa Rica desde 1976 cuya pasión ha sido los estudios sobre AméricaLatina. De espíritu martiano, se destaca dentro de su producción gran cantidad de artículos tales como La Musa Proletaria en Costa Rica 1900-1948, Revista Repertorio Americano: algunos alcances sobre su trayectoria 1919-1958, Las ideas socialistas 1880-1930, La Revista Renovación 1911-1914: de la política a la literatura y Gabriela Mistral en Costa Rica, publicados en diversas revistas especializadas nacionales e internacionales. También ha dedicado tiempo importante a la escritura de libros sobre nuestras realidades entre ellos: Artesanos y obreros costarricenses 1880-1914, Como alas de mariposa, Cien años de poesía popular en Costa Rica 1850-1950, Los intelectuales y las letras centroamericanas sobre la Guerra Civil Española, (editado también como España desde lejos) y José Martí en la historia y la cultura costarricenses.

 

Publicado originalmente en: Vargas, D. (2012). Un encuentrocon José Martí en las letras de Mario Oliva Medina. Temas De Nuestra América Revista De Estudios Latinoaméricanos, 28 (51-52), 27-35
Seguimos trabajando: el oficio y sus herramientas, legado de Mario Oliva Medina
Authors: Valverde-Morales Marcelo
Published: October 2022

Este primer acercamiento el profesor me mostró desde un inicio la condición con la cual vivía la investigación, elemento fundamental que determina su intencionalidad pedagógica. Con esto me refiero a la pasión, piedra angular de don Mario en su trabajo intelectual y su compromiso con la academia. Una pasión propia de quienes a partir de una entrega consciente y diligente llegan a disfrutar a plenitud de una disciplina, al punto de levitar y fluir en ello, en una entera relación con la noción personal de plenitud.
Mechanical properties of wood-plastic composites produced with recycled polyethylene, used Tetra Pak® boxes, and wood flour
Authors: Bal Bekir Cihad
Published: October 2022

The recycling industry has developed rapidly in recent years. Paper, plastic, glass, and metals are the most recycled materials. In this study, composite boards were produced using recycled polyethylene (R-PE) mixed with used Tetra Pak® boxes (TPBs) and pine wood flour (PWF) as fillers. The ratios of TPB to wood flour used in study were 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40%. Six test groups of composites were prepared. For each group, four composite boards of dimensions 4 × 180 × 220 mm3 were produced. Some of the mechanical properties of the produced boards, such as the flexural strength, flexural modulus, tensile strength, tensile modulus, elongation at break, and Shore D hardness, were determined. The data obtained showed that the flexural modulus, tensile modulus, and density increased with the wood flour content. However, the flexural strength, tensile strength, and elongation at break decreased as the wood flour content was increased. As a result, it can be said that TPBs could be used as a filler instead of wood flour in the production of wood-plastic composites.
“Es grande el poder de la poesía”. El Libro segundo de la Relación historiada de las solemnes fiestas que se hicieron en la muy noble y leal Ciudad de México al glorioso padre y esclarecido patriarca san Pedro Nolasco (1633). Edición crítica y estudio pre
Authors: Cortés Ortiz Cecilia A.
Published: October 2022

En 1628 el papa Urbano VIII canonizó al fundador de la orden de los mercedarios san Pedro Nolasco. Sin embargo, en la capital de la Nueva España no pudieron llevarse a cabo los festejos ese año ni los cuatro siguientes debido a las fuertes inundaciones que padeció la ciudad. A finales de 1631 los mercedarios novohispanos, un tanto cansados por la espera, decidieron que ya no podían postergar más la celebración y que las fiestas se celebrarían, ocurriera lo que ocurriera, en 1633.