bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estimation of genetic parameters and season effects for semen traits in three pig breeds of South China
Authors: Li Xiujin , Jiang Bo , Wang Xibin , Liu Xiaohong , Zhang Qin , Chen Yaosheng
Published: March 2019

The economic profitability of a boar station largely depends on semen quantity and quality traits. However, genetic analysis of semen traits has not yet been done in the boar population in China. In this study, we aimed to estimate genetic parameters for semen traits and the influence of seasons on these traits by using data of Duroc, Landrace and Yorkshire boars in South China. The following four semen traits were analysed: semen volume (ml; VOL), sperm concentration (106/ml; DEN), sperm motility (MOT) and percentage of abnormal sperm (ABN). Genetic parameters and season effects were estimated simultaneously for each breed by using a multiple‐trait (4 × 4) repeatability animal model. The four traits had a moderate heritability with average estimates of 0.23, 0.28, 0.26 and 0.17 across the three breeds, respectively. The estimates of genetic correlations among four traits differed in the three breeds. In particular, in Yorkshire, the four traits were nearly genetically independent. The season of collecting semen had a significant impact on these four semen traits except ABN in Duroc (Bonferroni adjusted p < 0.05/6). The moderate heritabilities indicate the possibility of effective selection of boars for semen traits. Different genetic correlations for the three breeds suggest that the selection strategy for the four traits should be investigated separately for each breed. Some necessary actions should be taken to reduce the influence of seasons on semen traits.
Pregnancy outcome of Japanese patients with glucokinase–maturity‐onset diabetes of the young
Authors: Hosokawa Yuki , Higuchi Shinji , Kawakita Rie , Hata Ikue , Urakami Tatsuhiko , Isojima Tsuyoshi , Takasawa Kei , Matsubara Yohei , Mizuno Haruo , Maruo Yoshihiro , Matsui Katsuyuki , Aizu Katsuya , Jinno Kazuhiko , Araki Shunsuke , Fujisawa Yasuko , Osugi Koji , Tono Chikako , Takeshima Yasuhiro , Yorifuji Tohru
Published: March 2019

Aims/Introduction

Glucokinase–maturity‐onset diabetes of the young (GCK‐MODY; also known as MODY2) is a benign hyperglycemic condition, which generally does not require medical interventions. The only known exception is increased birthweight and related perinatal complications in unaffected offspring of affected women. As previous data were obtained mostly from white Europeans, the present study analyzed the pregnancy outcomes of Japanese women with GCK‐MODY to better formulate the management plan for this population.

Materials and Methods

The study participants were 34 GCK‐MODY families whose members were diagnosed at Osaka City General Hospital during 2010–2017. A total of 53 pregnancies (40 from 23 affected women, 13 from 11 unaffected women) were retrospectively analyzed by chart review.

Results

Birthweights of unaffected offspring born to affected women were significantly greater as compared with those of affected offspring (P = 0.003). The risk of >4,000 g birthweight (16%), however, was lower as compared with that previously reported for white Europeans, and none of the offspring had complications related to large birthweight. Insulin treatment of the affected women resulted in a significant reduction in the birthweights of unaffected offspring. Perinatal complications including small‐for‐gestational age birthweight were found only in affected offspring born to insulin‐treated women.

Conclusions

In Japanese GCK‐MODY families, unaffected offspring born to affected women were heavier than affected offspring. However, insulin treatment of affected women might not be advisable because of the lower risk of macrosomic birth injury, and an increased risk of perinatal complications in affected offspring.
Molecular suitability of the chacma baboon in human‐targeted Von Willebrand factor directed studies
Authors: Janse van Rensburg Walter J.
Published: March 2019

Background

Von Willebrand factor (VWF) has a central role in primary haemostasis and is a popular pharmaceutical target in the prevention and treatment of disorders such as acute coronary syndrome and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. We have evaluated numerous possible treatments targeting VWF in the chacma baboon. Unfortunately, no data exist regarding the molecular similarity of the chacma baboon and human VWF protein, resulting in limited translatability of results.

Methods

Sanger sequencing was performed of the functionally vital VWF exon 28. The sequences were then compared to the human reference sequence.

Results

The baboon and human VWF amino acid sequences were 99.1% similar, with only 4 radical amino acid changes found. No radical amino acid changes were found within the functionally vital areas of the amino acid sequence.

Conclusion

The chacma baboon VWF is similar enough to the human to produce reliable and translatable pre‐clinical results with human‐targeted anti‐VWF agents.
The effect of platelet‐rich plasma injection in the treatment of androgenetic alopecia
Authors: Bayat Mousa , Yazdanpanah Mohammad Javad , Hamidi Alamdari Daryoush , Banihashemi Mahnaz , Salehi Maryam
Published: March 2019

Background

Androgenetic alopecia is the most common type of hair loss in men, which is manifested by a progressive terminal hair loss in specific areas of scalp. Platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) is among treatment options for androgenetic alopecia. PRP is a human platelet concentrate in a small volume of plasma containing certain cytokines.

Aim

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of autologous PRP in treatment of male androgenetic alopecia.

Methods

This was a clinical trial in 19 patients with grade III vertex to grade V androgenetic alopecia referring to the Clinic of Ghaem Hospital between March 2015 and March 2016. All obtained liquid PRP (5 cc) was injected at around 125 points (equals to 125 cm2) into the scalp, and operation was repeated in three sessions at 0, 4, and 8 weeks. We took macroscopic and dermoscopic pictures of each patient in 0, 4, and 8 weeks and 3 months after the last injection session. A dermatologist evaluated the treatment response using dermoscopy photos.

Result

Our results showed that the trend of hair thickness and number variations during study period was significant (P < 0.001). However, there was no significant change in the hair thickness from the second injection forward. Our findings indicate the number of hair follicles during follow‐up in pairwise comparison was significantly more than baseline.

Conclusion

Findings of our study were in line with other studies in this field and showed that the use of PRP as a new and safe treatment can be effective in androgenetic alopecia.
The clinical effect of glutathione on skin color and other related skin conditions: A systematic review
Authors: Dilokthornsakul Witoo , Dhippayom Teerapon , Dilokthornsakul Piyameth
Published: March 2019

Background

Glutathione is one of agents which is commonly used to lighten skin color in Asia as a dietary supplement. Previous studies suggest its potential effect of glutathione on skin color. However, the clinical efficacy of glutathione in oral form is still questionable due to its limited absorption and bioavailability.

Aim

To determine the clinical effects of glutathione on skin color and related skin conditions.

Patients/Methods

A systematic review was conducted using PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, EMBASE and Cochrane library were searched from inceptions to October 2017. All clinical studies evaluating the effect of glutathione on any skin effects in healthy volunteer were included.

Results

A total of four studies were included. Three studies were RCTs with placebo control, while one was a single‐arm trial. One study used topical form, while others used oral form of glutathione with 250 to 500 mg/day. We found that both oral glutathione with the dosage of 500 mg/day and topical 2.0% oxidized glutathione could brighten skin color in sun‐exposed area measured by skin melanin index. No significant differences in the reduction in skin melanin index were observed in sun‐protected area for any products. In addition, glutathione also has a trend to improve skin wrinkle, skin elasticity, and UV spots. Some adverse events but nonserious were reported.

Conclusions

Current evidence of the skin whitening effect of glutathione is still inconclusive due to the quality of included studies and inconsistent findings. However, there is a trend that glutathione might brighten skin color at skin‐exposed area.
Determinants of infant nutrition status in rural farming households before and after harvest
Authors: Muhimbula Happiness , Kinabo Joyce , O'Sullivan Aifric
Published: March 2019

Infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices determine infant growth, development and health. Despite global recommendations for exclusive breastfeeding until 6 months, adherence rates are low worldwide for different reasons, largely dependent on environment. In low‐income countries, inappropriate IYCF leads to poor nutrition status. This study examined IYCF practices and nutrition outcomes in rural farming households in Tanzania before and after harvest. Mothers and their infants were recruited from two regions in Tanzania. Demographics, health status, IYCF practices, anthropometrics and haemoglobin were measured; preharvest and postharvest. Regression analysis modelled the relationship between IYCF and nutrition outcomes. Despite high rates of breastfeeding a large proportion did not meet early initiation of breastfeeding and minimum acceptable diet standards. Undernutrition was high with 30–40% of infants classified as stunted depending on season, and the majority (81%) were anaemic. Early initiation of breastfeeding was associated with higher Length‐for‐agez‐score and weight‐for‐agez‐score and lower risk of stunting and underweight (p < 0.05). The introduction of fluids other than breast milk in the first 3 days after birth was associated with lower weight‐for‐age z‐score and increased underweight (p < 0.05). Maternal age and height were strongly and positively associated with child anthropometrics. Findings confirm the importance of early infant feeding practices for growth and development and emphasize the significance of mother's nutrition status in relation to infant health. Future interventions should focus on improving maternal nutrition status before, during and after pregnancy as well as educating and supporting mothers to adopt appropriate infant feeding including breastfeeding practices for the prevention of undernutrition.
The Relation of Revelation and Tradition in the Theology of John Henry Newman and Joseph Ratzinger
Authors: Bonagura David G.
Published: March 2019

Joseph Ratzinger/Pope Benedict XVI called Blessed John Henry Newman “an important influence in my own life and thought.” In his memoirs, Ratzinger describes the energy with which Newman's work on conscience, history, and on the development of doctrine was read and discussed in his seminary days. Yet, in terms of Ratzinger's own work on history, tradition, and revelation, he makes almost no direct mention of Newman in his writings over his long theological career. This paper, by comparing the two theologians’ writings on the subject, seeks to ascertain whether and to what extent Newman's theology of tradition and revelation had an impact on Ratzinger's theology.
Parent and child perspectives on perceived barriers to child sun protection and their association with sun protection strategies among children of melanoma survivors
Authors: Wu Yelena P. , Parsons Bridget G. , Aspinwall Lisa G. , Hay Jennifer L. , Boucher Kenneth M. , Caputo Heloisa , Mooney Ryan , Grossman Douglas , Leachman Sancy A.
Published: March 2019

Background/Objectives

Children with an elevated familial risk for melanoma inconsistently implement sun protection behaviors that could mitigate their melanoma risk. Little is known about perceived barriers to child sun protection among this at‐risk group and their parents, and the extent to which perceived barriers are associated with child sun protection. The goal of this study was to examine, among children with a family history of melanoma, the frequency with which children and their parents reported barriers to child sun protection and the extent to which barriers were associated with reported use of sun protection among children.

Methods

Children with a family history of melanoma and their parents completed questionnaires assessing perceived barriers and reported child use of sun protection.

Results

Common barriers to child sun protection included being bothered by implementing the behavior or forgetting. A greater number of perceived barriers were associated with less frequent child use of sunscreen, long‐sleeved shirts, long pants, and shade.

Conclusions

Children at elevated risk for melanoma due to a family history of the disease and their parents perceive multiple barriers to sun protection that are associated with children's use of these melanoma preventive behaviors. Sun protection interventions for this at‐risk population could provide families with specific strategies to address common barriers to implementing child sun protection.
Care coordination to target patient complexity and reduce disparities in primary care
Authors: Miller Arlene M. , Swartwout Kathryn D. , Schoeny Michael E. , Vail Matthew , McClenton Regina
Published: March 2019

Objective

The purpose of this study was to describe our Activation and Coordination Team (ACT) model for interprofessional care coordination in primary care and examine feasibility of using ACT medical and social complexity criteria to categorize patients into Quadrants that determine resource utilization. Research questions were: (a) Are there significant differences in demographic, medical, and social characteristics by Quadrant; (b) Do patients with combined high medical and social complexity differ from those with either high medical or social complexity; and (c) Is there an association between initial screening risk level and ACT Complexity Quadrant placement?

Design

Cross‐sectional, descriptive.

Sample

Patients (N = 167) aged 18–65 enrolled in an urban Medicaid managed care network.

Measurements

Screening and comprehensive health risk assessment questionnaires and clinical data collection from electronic health records.

Results

Patient characteristics differed significantly by Quadrant. Combined medical and social complexity produced greater impact than additive effects. Patients who initially screened low risk nevertheless met ACT criteria for medical and/or social complexity.

Conclusions

Greater effects for individuals with medical and social issues are due to interactions among factors. Traditional screening may miss patients with complex needs who need care coordination. Care coordination skills should be incorporated into population health curricula.
Influence of Local Political Institutions on Policy Punctuation in Three Policy Areas
Authors: Kwon Sung‐Wook , Gonzalez‐Gorman Sylvia
Published: March 2019

Political institutions have been considered important factors that influence local policy processes. This study investigates if different county political institutions, including the form of government and home rule charter, influence the processes among three policy arenas: allocational, development, and redistributive. We analyze the annual expenditure change in Florida counties from 1995 to 2008. Results show that both modernized and nonmodernized counties show similar levels of policy changes in allocational, developmental as well as redistributive policy arenas, while counties with modernized political institutions tend to experience a slightly higher, although minimal, level of policy change in each of the three policy arenas.

Related Articles

Aguado, Alexander. 2018. “Mayor‐Council Form of Government and Policy Responses in Times of Economic Travail.”Politics&Policy46 (5): 714‐730.https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12273

French, P. Edward. 2008. “Municipal Government: Does Structure Make a Difference in Small Cities and Towns.”Politics & Policy31 (4): 694‐725.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-1346.2003.tb00168.x

Modlin, Steve. 2008. “Defining Involvement of County Commissioners in the Budget Formulation Process.”Politics&Policy36 (6): 1044‐1065.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-1346.2008.00149.x

Related Media

Florida Association of Counties. n.d. “FAC All about Florida.”http://www.fl-counties.com/videos-psas

National Association of Counties. n.d. “National Association of Counties.”https://www.naco.org/
Collective Narcissism: Political Consequences of Investing Self‐Worth in the Ingroup’s Image
Authors: Golec de Zavala Agnieszka , Dyduch‐Hazar Karolina , Lantos Dorottya
Published: March 2019

This article proposes a new theoretical framework for the reviewed state‐of‐the‐art research on collective narcissism—the belief that the ingroup’s exceptionality is not sufficiently appreciated by others. Collective narcissism is motivated by the investment of an undermined sense of self‐esteem into the belief in the ingroup’s entitlement to privilege. Collective narcissism lies in the heart of populist rhetoric. The belief in ingroup’s exceptionality compensates the undermined sense of self‐worth, leaving collective narcissists hypervigilant to signs of threat to the ingroup’s position. People endorsing the collective narcissistic belief are prone to biased perceptions of intergroup situations and to conspiratorial thinking. They retaliate to imagined provocations against the ingroup but sometimes overlook real threats. They are prejudiced and hostile. Deficits in emotional regulation, hostile attribution bias, and vindictiveness lie behind the robust link between collective narcissism and intergroup hostility. Interventions that support the regulation of negative emotions, such as experiencing self‐transcendent emotions, decrease the link between collective narcissism and intergroup hostility and offer further insights into the nature of collective narcissism.
The Application of Social Role Theory to the Study of Gender in Politics
Authors: Schneider Monica C. , Bos Angela L.
Published: March 2019

Social role theory provides a framework to help understand the complexity of gender in the political sphere. We demonstrate how SRT both helps to explain extant research findings and to generate future research that will help explain the complicated ways in which gender shapes U.S. politics. This article considers two broad categories of behavior: the gendered opinions and engagement of the citizenry and the gendered evaluations of political actors by elites and voters. Within each category, we propose moving beyond the male‐female binary and consider the effects of gender in conjunction with other key political identities, such as race, ethnicity, age, as well as examining the effects of (dis)ability, and class. As well, our work demonstrates how masculinity encompasses the U.S. political system and serves as a backdrop in front of which gender roles shape political behavior, and role incongruity can lead to prejudice. This project lays the groundwork for future work to apply theories from psychology to a gendered analysis of U.S. politics. Through a better understanding of sex, gender, and their combined effects with race and other intersectional identities, we contribute to a broader goal of creating a more inclusive U.S. politics.
Reactions to Terror Attacks: A Heuristic Model
Authors: Sniderman Paul M. , Petersen Michael Bang , Slothuus Rune , Stubager Rune , Petrov Philip
Published: March 2019

What are the signature features of the reactions of mass publics to terrorist attacks? We argue that the available empirical evidence suggests a general pattern of reactions: The peaks of mass reactions to terrorist attacks are limited in size and duration and their end states marked by a return to baselines values of tolerance. We label this perturbation effects. In this article, we review the available evidence for perturbation effects, build a heuristic model of such effects and provide an explanation of their characteristic pattern, combing theories of emotional arousal and opinion leadership. Finally, we relate the overlooked existence of perturbation effects to widespread fears about the frailty of democratic norms in the face of mass terrorism.
Obesity and the lungs: Not just a crush
Authors: King Gregory G. , Thamrin Cindy
Published: March 2019

See related Article
Risk stratification for short‐term mortality at hospital admission for acute exacerbations of COPD
Authors: Sprooten Roy T.M. , Rohde Gernot G.U. , Lawyer Glenn , Leijte Wouter T. , Wouters Emiel F.M. , Franssen Frits M.E.
Published: March 2019

Background and objective

Exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (ECOPD) are associated with increased in‐hospital and short‐term mortality. Developing an easy‐to‐use model to predict adverse outcomes will be useful in daily clinical practice and will facilitate management decisions. We aimed to assess mortality rates and potential predictors for short‐term mortality after severe ECOPD. Classification and Regression Tree (CART) model was used to identify predictors of adverse outcome.

Methods

A retrospective observational cohort study, including all patients admitted to Maastricht University Medical Center with ECOPD between June 2011 and December 2014 was performed. The last admission was taken into account, and its demographic, clinical and biochemical data were recorded.

Results

A total of 364 hospitalized patients were enrolled. Mean (SD) age was 70.5 (10.2) years, 54.4% were male and mean FEV1 45.2% (17.7) of predicted. The in‐hospital and 90‐day mortality were, respectively, 8.5 and 16.2%. Independent risk factors for 90‐day mortality were: PaC02 (odds ratio (OR): 1.31; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.00–0.35), age (OR: 1.09; CI: 0.06–0.11), body mass index (BMI) < 18.5 kg/m2 (OR: 2.72; 95% CI: 0.53–1.47) and previous admission for ECOPD in last 2 years (OR: 1.29; 95% CI: −0.14, −0.65). The CART model selected PaCO2 ≥ 9.1 kPa, age > 80 years, BMI < 18.5 kg/m2 and previous admission for ECOPD as the most discriminatory factors.

Conclusion

According CART analysis, high PaCO2 and age, low BMI and previous admission for ECOPD in last 2 years were the strongest predictors of 90‐day mortality in patients with severe ECOPD. In absence of any of these factors, no patients died, suggesting that this model indeed enables risk stratification.
Stratigraphic evolution of the nearshore to fluvial plain of the Upper Cuyo Group, Neuquén, Argentina
Authors: Kern Henrique P. , Lavina Ernesto L. C. , Paim Paulo S. G. , Leanza HÉctor A.
Published: March 2019

The upper portion of the Cuyo Group in the Zapala region, south‐eastern Neuquén Basin (Western Argentina), encompasses marine and transitional deposits (Lajas Formation) overlain by alluvial rocks (Challacó Formation). The Challacó Formation is covered by the Mendoza Group above a second‐order sequence boundary. The present study presents the stratigraphic framework and palaeophysiographic evolution of this Bajocian to Eo‐Calovian interval. The studied succession comprises the following genetic facies associations: (i) offshore and lower shoreface–offshore transition; (ii) lower shoreface; (iii) upper shoreface; iv) intertidal–subtidal; (v) supratidal–intertidal; (vi) braided fluvial to delta plain; (vii) meandering river; and (viii) braided river. The stratigraphic framework embraces four third‐order depositional sequences (C1 to C4) whose boundaries are characterized by the abrupt superposition of proximal over distal facies associations. Sequences C1 to C3 comprise mostly littoral deposits and display well‐defined, small‐scale transgressive–regressive cycles associated with fourth‐order depositional sequences. Such high‐frequency cycles are usually bounded by ravinement surfaces associated with transgressive lags. At last, the depositional sequence C4 delineates an important tectonic reorganization probably associated with an uplift of the Huincul Ridge. This is suggested by an inversion of the transport trend, north‐westward during the deposition of C1 to C3 depositional sequences (Lajas Formation) to a south‐west trend during the deposition of the braided fluvial strata related to the C4 depositional sequence (Challacó Formation).
Mental health and the media: From illness to wellbeing
Authors: Atanasova Dimitrinka , Koteyko Nelya , Brown Brian , Crawford Paul
Published: March 2019

The media are a main source of information about mental health for many people, and an ever‐growing body of literature is evaluating their coverage of the topic. To help keep track of such research, several comprehensive but now dated literature reviews have been published. We assess more recent studies (2007–2017) and suggest future directions by integrating (a) the “circuit of mass communication” model from media and communication studies which posits that production, content, and reception need to be analysed for an in‐depth understanding of the media, (b) the holistic view of mental health as comprising both illness and wellbeing, and (3) the critical psychiatry literature questioning the assumptions underlying psychiatric knowledge and practice. We find that recent studies have focused on content and “the illness side” of mental health by examining the representation of particular mental disorders and events involving individuals with specific diagnoses. We identify as a promising development the growing interest in “the wellbeing side” of mental health whereby authors have started to analyse recovery messages. We invite more production and reception research and more critical content studies which use diagnostic labels cautiously and analyse the representation of people with mental health problems as the victims of violence.
An analysis of the amount and characteristics of writing prompts in Grade 3 mathematics student books
Authors: Casa Tutita M. , MacSwan Juliana R. , LaMonica Kara E. , Colonnese Madelyn W. , Firmender Janine M.
Published: March 2019

Curriculum guidelines and professional organizations’ recommendations lack details about how often and how much students should write in mathematics and what characteristics should define their writing. This study presents an analytic framework that addresses how often students are prompted in student mathematics books to write, how much they may be encouraged to write, and the characteristics of the writing prompts. Consequently, 2,095 writing prompts in student books across 10 comprehensive Grade 3 resources were analyzed. Findings indicate a marked variation in how often and how much students are positioned to write. Most prompts have students explain what they did to solve a problem and why about number concepts, with most pressing for procedures. The greatest percentage of prompts had students write about their own solutions and do not urge them to include specific writing features.
Biofilm production of Pseudomonas spp. isolates from canine otitis in three different enrichment broths
Authors: Robinson Victoria H. , Paterson Sue , Bennett Cheryl , Steen Stephen I.
Published: March 2019

Background

Pseudomonas spp. are commonly isolated from dogs with clinical otitis and have been shown to produce biofilm. There is a paucity of studies demonstrating biofilm growth in veterinary medicine.

Hypothesis/objectives

To compare biofilm production of Pseudomonas spp. isolated from dogs with otitis using three different enrichment broths at two different time points. Speciation was performed.

Animals

One hundred isolates from 98 dogs with clinical otitis were assessed for biofilm production.

Methods and materials

One hundred isolates were assessed for biofilm production using a microtitre plate assay. Biofilm production in Luria–Bertani Broth (LBB), Mueller–Hinton Broth (MHB) and Tryptic Soy Broth (TSB) were assessed after 18 and 24 h of incubation.

Results

At 18 h, biofilm production was demonstrated in 87% of LBB, 91% of TSB and 93% of MHB grown isolates. By 24 h, this was 92% of LBB, 96% of TSB and 99% of MHB isolates. Biofilm production was significantly increased after 24 h incubation compared to 18 h. A significant difference was noted in biofilm production between LBB and MHB (P = 0.0349), but not between LBB and TSB (P = 0.3727) or MHB and TSB (P = 0.3687) at 24 h incubation. Two isolates were speciated as P. fluorescens and 98 as P. aeruginosa.

Conclusion and clinical importance

Not all enrichment broths were equivalent to one another and 24 h incubation was superior to 18 h. Biofilm production was high in this population of Pseudomonas spp. isolates.
Clinical efficacy of orally administered fluralaner for treatment of scabies in six free‐ranging raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides)
Authors: Hyun Jae‐Eun , Jang Hyun‐Kyu , Hwang Cheol‐Yong , Yeon Seong‐Chan
Published: March 2019

Background

Sarcoptic mange in free‐ranging raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides) caused by Sarcoptes scabiei is a widespread zoonotic disease that causes severe skin lesions with significant morbidity and mortality. Fluralaner is a member of the isoxazoline chemical class and is an acaricide and insecticide widely used in flea, tick and mite infections of dogs (Canis lupus familiaris).

Objective

To evaluate the clinical efficacy of orally administered fluralaner in free‐ranging raccoon dogs naturally infected with sarcoptic mange.

Animals

Six raccoon dogs rescued at the Seoul Wildlife Center between November 2017 and April 2018.

Methods and materials

Raccoon dogs were treated with a single dose of a chewable fluralaner tablet. Clinical lesion scoring and superficial skin scraping were performed weekly for three weeks to assess treatment efficacy; the general health was assessed daily to monitor response and observe any adverse drug reactions.

Results

Within seven days of treatment, a marked reduction in skin lesions was observed and mites were no longer present in skin scrapings. There was no evidence of re‐infestation and no additional drug administration was required.

Conclusions and clinical importance

Although this was a nonrandomized, uncontrolled study of a small number of animals, it demonstrated that fluralaner may be suitable for treating sarcoptic mange in raccoon dogs.
Histomorphometric evaluation of the Göttingen minipig eye
Authors: Shrader Stephanie M. , Mowry Richard N.
Published: March 2019

Objective

The Göttingen minipig is becoming a popular nonrodent animal model in ocular research; however, there is a paucity of literature regarding normative ocular reference data in this breed. We, therefore, investigated the characteristics of the cornea, retina, and sclera in order to establish baseline histomorphometric data in male and female Göttingen minipigs.

Procedures

This study utilized paraffin‐embedded, Davidson's‐fixed, control Göttingen minipig eyes (six males and eight females). Hematoxylin and eosin stained slides of the eyes were scanned via an Aperio slide scanner and analyzed using Aperio ImageScope™. Linear measurements were made of the cornea, retina, and sclera.

Results

There were no statistically significant differences between males and females in corneal or scleral measurements or total retinal thickness. There were, however, statistically significant differences between the sexes in the thickness of the ventral peripheral ganglion cell layer [13.15 µm (±3.65) in males; 10.68 µm (±3.37) in females; P = 0.03], ventral peripheral inner plexiform layer [23.47 µm (±2.85) in males; 21.16 µm (±3.62) in females; P = 0.03], ventral central outer plexiform layer [7.97 µm (±2.43) in males; 6.63 µm (±1.73) in females; P = 0.02], and ventral peripheral outer plexiform layer [8.79 µm (±1.82) in males; 11.23 µm (±3.11) in females; P = 0.01].

Conclusions

This study provides normative histomorphometric reference data for the Göttingen minipig eye. These data will aid researchers in study design and interpretation of findings in Göttingen minipig ocular studies.
La sucesión de la empresa familiar; una aproximación teórica
Authors: Soto Maciel Argentina , De la Garza Ramos María Isabel , Esparza Aguilar José Luis , San Martín Reyna Juan Manuel
Published: March 2019

La sucesión en la empresa familiar es considerada como una etapa decisiva para su continuidad. Aunque es uno de los tópicos más estudiados, solo una pequeña proporción de ellas sobrevive a cada transferencia generacional. En las economías en desarrollo como las latinoamericanas, la generación de conocimiento sobre el tema es significativa dada la importante proporción de empresas familiares en cada país, y en consecuencia su contribución económica y social. El presente trabajo es una revisión bibliográfica sobre el proceso de sucesión de la empresa familiar. Tiene por objetivo la reconstrucción de su campo de estudio para propiciar el desarrollo de nuevos trabajos. Entre los principales resultados destaca la relación entre la sucesión y la planeación estratégica, la influencia familiar y la gestión integral.
Numerical Modeling of Thermo-Mechanically Induced Stress in Substrates for Droplet-Based Additive Manufacturing Processes
Authors: Park Chang Yoon , Zohdi Tarek I.
Published: March 2019

Within the scope of additive manufacturing (AM) methods, a large number of popular fabrication techniques involve high-temperature droplets being targeted to a substrate for deposition. In such methods, an “ink” to be deposited is tailor-made to fit the desired application. Concentrated stresses are induced on the substrate in such procedures. A numerical simulation framework that can return quantitative and qualitative insights regarding the mechanical response of the substrate is proposed in this paper. A combined smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH)-finite element (FE) model is developed to solve the governing coupled thermo-mechanical equations, for the case of Newtonian inks. We also highlight the usage of consistent SPH formulations in order to recover first-order accuracy for the gradient and Laplacian operators. This allows one to solve the heat-equation more accurately in the presence of free-surfaces. The proposed framework is then utilized to simulate a hot droplet impacting a flat substrate.
Social genes are selection hotspots in kin groups of a soil microbe
Authors: Wielgoss Sébastien , Wolfensberger Rebekka , Sun Lei , Fiegna Francesca , Velicer Gregory J.
Published: March 2019

Swarming in parallel toward sociality

The evolution of social behavior, and specifically of multicellularity, is poorly understood. An experimental model for multicellularity is the myxobacteria, which swarm and cooperate to form fruiting bodies in soil. Wielgoss
et al.
studied lineages of wild-caught myxobacteria. They found diversity, but also surprising genetic similarity, within fruiting bodies that was unlikely to be based on shared ancestry between them. Instead, reoccurrence of the same mutations seems to have occurred independently. These mutations have then been selected to confer similar phenotypes that converge on social behavior.

Science
, this issue p.
1342
Damage on plants activates Ca
2+
-dependent metacaspases for release of immunomodulatory peptides
Authors: Hander Tim , Fernández-Fernández Álvaro D. , Kumpf Robert P. , Willems Patrick , Schatowitz Hendrik , Rombaut Debbie , Staes An , Nolf Jonah , Pottie Robin , Yao Panfeng , Gonçalves Amanda , Pavie Benjamin , Boller Thomas , Gevaert Kris , Van Breusegem Frank , Bartels Sebastian , Stael Simon
Published: March 2019

Rapid response to tissue damage

Damaged plants are susceptible to microbial attack. In response to physical damage, plants proactively generate signal peptides to activate their immune systems. Hander
et al.
examined wound responses in the model plant
Arabidopsis thaliana
. They identified a metacaspase that releases an immunomodulatory signal peptide from its precursor form within 30 seconds of the damage. The metacaspase itself was activated by a burst of calcium released by tissue damage.

Science
, this issue p.
eaar7486
Machine learning for data-driven discovery in solid Earth geoscience
Authors: Bergen Karianne J. , Johnson Paul A. , de Hoop Maarten V. , Beroza Gregory C.
Published: March 2019

Automating geoscience analysis

Solid Earth geoscience is a field that has very large set of observations, which are ideal for analysis with machine-learning methods. Bergenet al.review how these methods can be applied to solid Earth datasets. Adopting machine-learning techniques is important for extracting information and for understanding the increasing amount of complex data collected in the geosciences.

Science, this issue p.eaau0323
Paleomagnetism and tectonics from the late Pliocene to late Pleistocene in the Xalapa monogenetic volcanic field, Veracruz, Mexico
Authors: Alva-Valdivia L.M. , Agarwal A. , García-Amador B. , Morales-Barrera W. , Agarwal K.K. , Rodríguez S. , Gonzalez-Rangel J.A.
Published: March 2019

The Xalapa monogenetic volcanic field, Veracruz, Mexico is located at the eastern end of the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt. This study uses specimens from 0.8 ka to 5.96 ± 0.156 Ma Xalapa lava deposits and from 4.5 ± 0.028 Ma La Concha ignimbrite. The study identifies the magnetic mineralogy by reflected light microscopy, thermomagnetic curves, and coercivity estimates. It further defines the magnetic domain size distribution by hysteresis plots, Day diagrams, and first-order-reversal-curves. Characteristic remanent directions and virtual geomagnetic poles are also calculated. The characteristic remanent directions are used to establish the magnetostratigraphy and to identify the net rotation experienced, at each site, since the emplacement. The results allow the identification of the rotation domains, and R′-, P-, and Y-shears, active since the past ∼2.5 m.y. in the region and a better characterization of the displacement along the Río Actopan fault, active in the Xalapa monogenetic volcanic field.
Collision of the Caribbean Large Igneous Province with the Americas: Earliest evidence from the forearc of Costa Rica
Authors: Andjić Goran , Baumgartner Peter O. , Baumgartner-Mora Claudia
Published: March 2019

The Cretaceous period was marked by the most voluminous episodes of oceanic plateau volcanism in the Phanerozoic Eon. Primarily affecting the Pacific, mantle plumes generated oceanic plateaus during three main phases (ca. 145–140 Ma, ca. 122–115 Ma, and ca. 100–90 Ma). Central America is one of the very few circum-Pacific margins where remnants of these Cretaceous plateaus were accreted. The study of their onland exposures provides a highly valuable insight into the complexity and diversity of oceanic plateau histories, from their eruption to their accretion. Exposed in northern Costa Rica, the plateau remnants of the Nicoya Peninsula originated from a Jurassic oceanic crust over-thickened by Early and Late Cretaceous hotspots. These sheared-off pieces of the Farallon Plate testify to the early tectonic interaction of the Caribbean Large Igneous Province (CLIP, ca. 94–89 Ma) with North America, initiated <5 m.y. after the onset of CLIP eruption. By combining our results with previously published data, we propose an updated tectono-stratigraphic framework that divides the Nicoya Peninsula into two oceanic plateau terranes. (1) The accretion timing of the Aptian to Turonian Manzanillo Terrane is constrained by the Coniacian (ca. 89–86 Ma) base of the overlapping Loma Chumico Formation. The proximal tuffaceous forearc deposits of the Loma Chumico Formation are the oldest evidence of a volcanic arc in Costa Rica—called here the Berrugate Arc—as revealed by new biostratigraphic and geochemical data. (2) The Nicoya Complex s. str. is a composite plateau remnant containing rocks of Bajocian to earliest Campanian age. Its accretion occurred during the middle Campanian (ca. 79–76 Ma) and shut down the Berrugate Arc. In contrast to the collision of CLIP with North America, onset of the collision of CLIP with South America began much later, during the latest Campanian (ca. 75–73 Ma).
Congenital hepatoblastoma in a growing health economy
Authors: Ofoegbu Bibian Nwanyioma , Abdel Salam Seif El Eslam , Diehl Werner Gerhard , Ghosn Latifeh
Published: March 2019

A 43-year-old woman, whose pregnancy was complicated by the presence of a large single solid intra-abdominal fetal mass, was referred from the private sector into our fetal maternal unit at the Corniche Hospital, Abu Dhabi at 36 weeks postmenstrual age.

Investigations subsequently confirmed that this mass was a congenital hepatoblastoma, one of the very rare embryonic tumours. The baby had chemotherapy and surgical excision of the tumour. Fifteen months later, the alpha feto-protein levels remain normal and follow-on MRI scans do not show recurrence or any residual disease.

To our knowledge, this is the first case of congenital hepatoblastoma in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). In the UAE, the interphase between private health insurance schemes and medical (public and private) care within a growing health economy enhances access to unique services such as cancer treatments within specialised centres.
Osteomyelitis of the mandible secondary to malignant infantile osteopetrosis in an adult
Authors: Dunphy Louise , Warfield Adrian , Williams Rhodri
Published: March 2019

Malignant infantile osteopetrosis (MIOP), an autosomal-recessive disorder, is extremely rare, presenting early in life with extreme sclerosis of the skeleton and reduced activity of osteoclasts. It was first described by Albers Schonberg in 1904. Disease manifestations include compensatory extramedullary haematopoiesis at sites such as the liver and spleen, hepatosplenomegaly, anaemia and thrombocytopaenia. Neurological manifestations can also occur due to narrowing of osseous foramina resulting in visual impairment, hearing loss, facial palsy and hydrocephalus. In addition, growth retardation and recurrent infections requiring long-term antibiotic use are common. The incidence of MIOP is 1/2 000 000 and if untreated, then it has a fatal outcome, with the majority of cases occurring within the first 5 years of life. At present, the only potentially curative option is a haematopoietic stem cell transplant. We present a 21-year-old woman, diagnosed with malignant infantile osteopetrosis, due to a mutation in the T-cell immune regulator 1 gene when aged 6 weeks, presenting with chronic osteomyelitis of her left mandible. As malignant infantile osteopetrosis has a high mortality in infancy, we felt it prudent to report this rare case in a patient surviving to adulthood.
11-year old boy with facial hair, acne and deepened voice
Authors: Ahmed Fatimah , Zeve Daniel , Millington Kate , Rea Corinna
Published: March 2019

11-year old twin boy found to have idiopathic precocious puberty after routine well-child examination revealed discordant pubertal growth between the two brothers.
Donepezil: an unusual therapy for acute diphenhydramine overdose
Authors: Ahmad Jamia , Hasan Md Jahidul , Anam Ahmad Mursel , Barua Dipesh Kumar
Published: March 2019

An elderly man presented with the history of diphenhydramine hydrochloride overdose as a suicidal attempt. At presentation, he was in an acute confusional state with several anticholinergic features and had to be managed in intensive care unit. As an antidote for diphenhydramine hydrochloride, donepezil was used instead of physostigmine due to the unavailability of physostigmine in Bangladesh. The patient improved within the next 24 hours; his level of consciousness improved and the anticholinergic features regressed.
Treatment of aStaphylococcus lugdunensiscervical epidural abscess
Authors: Noh Thomas , Zervos Thomas Marcus , Chen Anne , Chedid Mokbel
Published: March 2019

First reported in 1988,Staphylococcus lugdunensisis a virulent coagulase-negativeStaphylococcusspecies often associated with endocarditis. This is the first case report describing this infection in the cervical spine. A 58-year-old, left-handed Caucasian woman with no significant medical history presented with neck and left arm pain. Neurological examination revealed mild left deltoid 4/5 weakness and myelopathy. She was found to have an epidural cervical spinal cord mass that was causing severe cord compression and underwent partial anterior cervical decompression of the mass. On entering what was believed to be the mass, yellow-tinged fluid was encountered. An abscess was immediately suspected, so the dura was not entered. The specimen sent for culture was identified a day later asS. lugdunensis. A two-dimensional echocardiogram was negative for vegetations. A peripherally inserted central catheter line was placed and the patient discharged on 6 weeks of physical therapy and 6–8 weeks of intravenous cefazolin.
Abdominal pain and vomiting during pregnancy due to cholesterolosis
Authors: van Limburg Stirum Emilie VJ , van Pampus Maria G , Jansen Jeroen M , Janszen Erica WM
Published: March 2019

We present a 22-year-old pregnant woman at 15 weeks of gestation, with abdominal pain and vomiting. We demonstrate that diagnosis and treatment of vomiting and abdominal pain in pregnancy can be difficult. Therefore, involvement of other medical specialists is important when common treatments fail. Cholesterolosis can cause symptoms similar to those caused by cholelithiasis. Controversial to gallstones, identification of cholesterolosis by ultrasound is hard. Cholecystectomy is the only effective treatment option for cholesterolosis and can be performed safely during pregnancy. Cholecystectomy in pregnancy should be considered if, despite atypical symptoms, gallbladder disease is suspected and other diagnoses are ruled out. This may reduce recurrent symptoms, hospital admissions, exposure to harmful drugs and obstetric complications.
Late-onset Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy: the role of environmental factors in hereditary diseases
Authors: Moura-Coelho Nuno , Pinto Proença Rita , Tavares Ferreira Joana , Cunha João Paulo
Published: March 2019

Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) is an optic neuropathy of mitochondrial inheritance, characterised by incomplete penetrance and variable expressivity. Typically, young male patients present with sequential, severe, rapidly progressive loss of central vision, with characteristic funduscopic findings. However, LHON may present at any age, in both genders, and fundus examination may be normal. Evidence has emerged to support the role of environmental factors in triggering LHON, by disrupting the normal mechanisms of mitochondrial function. We present two clinical cases of LHON of late onset, and provide a literature review on atypical cases of LHON and the role of environmental triggers.
Disseminated pulmonary histoplasmosis in immunocompetent patients: a common epidemiological exposure
Authors: Klein Michael , Khan Mirza , Salinas Jorge L , Sanchez Rolando
Published: March 2019

We describe the initial presentation, diagnostic work-up and treatment of three adult immunocompetent men who presented within a short time frame of each other to an academic medical centre with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Their presentation was found to be secondary to a large inoculum of histoplasmosis from remodelling a building with bat droppings infestation. We discuss the pathophysiology of histoplasmosis and highlight the importance of exposure history in patients with acute respiratory failure and why patients with the occupational risk of exposure to fungal inoculum should wear protective respirator gear.
Four-extremity amputation following disseminated intravascular coagulation and purpura fulminans
Authors: Bhatti Umar F , Williams Aaron M , Raghavendran Krishnan , Georgoff Patrick E
Published: March 2019

Purpura fulminans (PF) is a rare but serious complication of septic shock in adults. The complex disease course makes it challenging to manage the condition. Here, we present the case of a healthy young woman who presented with sepsis and new-onset erythematous lesions 4 days after the vaginal delivery of a healthy baby. The infectious source could not be identified, and the patient was started on antibiotics and resuscitated. However, her condition worsened, and she developed disseminated intravascular coagulation and PF. The septic episode slowly decreased in severity, but she sustained extensive ischaemic injuries to her extremities, for which she underwent four-limb amputation.