bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Determination of oil and moisture distribution in fried potatoes using magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Isik Betul , Sahin Serpil , Oztop Mecit Halil
Published: August 2018

The objective of this study was to examine oil and moisture distribution in fried potatoes using Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) as nondestructive technique and to establish a correlation between moisture content and oil content of fried potatoes with MRI results. In addition, it was aimed to evaluate the effects of frying time, predrying and precoating by hydroxyprophylmethylcellulose (HPMC) on moisture loss and oil uptake of the samples. Coating with HPMC was the best pretreatment to reduce oil uptake. Spin echo (SE) and multislice–multi‐echo (MSME) pulse sequences were used to obtain longitudinal relaxation time (T1) weighted and water suppression images and also spin–spin relaxation time (T2) maps of the samples. Results confirmed that by using different MR imaging sequences, prediction of oil and moisture contents (r > 0.70) and exploring the distribution of oil and moisture within the fried pototaes was possible.

Practical applications

MRI, as being a nondestructive technique offers advantages compared to conventional methods of moisture and oil content measurements. Moreover, use of spin–spin relaxation time (T2) maps provided further information for moisture and oil distribution on the samples. MR images could also be used to extract information about the microstructure of the sample.
Higher Quality, Lower Cost with an Innovative Geriatrics Consultation Service
Authors: Bernstein Juliana M. , Graven Peter , Drago Kathleen , Dobbertin Konrad , Eckstrom Elizabeth
Published: August 2018

Objectives

To design a value‐driven, interprofessional inpatient geriatric consultation program coordinated with systems‐level changes and studied outcomes and costs.

Design

Propensity‐matched case–control study of older adults hospitalized at an academic medical center (AMC) who did or did not receive geriatric consultation.

Setting

Single tertiary‐care AMC in Portland, Oregon.

Participants

Adults aged 70 and older who received an inpatient geriatric consultation (n=464) and propensity‐matched controls admitted before development of the consultation program (n=2,381). Pre‐ and postintervention controls were also incorporated into cost difference‐in‐difference analyses.

Measurements

Daily charges, total charges, length of stay (LOS), 30‐day readmission, intensive care unit (ICU) days, Foley catheter days, total medication doses per day, high‐risk medication doses per day, advance directive and Physician Orders for Life Sustaining Treatment (POLST) documentation, restraint orders, discharge to home, and mortality.

Results

On average, individuals who received a geriatric consultation had $611 lower charges per day than those without a consultation (p=.02). They spent on average 0.36 fewer days in the ICU (p<.001). They were less likely to have restraint orders (20.0% vs 27.9%, p<0.001), more likely to have a POLST (58.2% vs 44.6%, p<.001), and more likely to be discharged to home (33.4% vs 28.2%, p=.03). They received fewer doses of antipsychotics, benzodiazepines, and antiemetics (10, 5, and 7 fewer doses per 100 patient‐days, respectively) and had lower in‐hospital mortality (2.4% vs 4%, p=.01). There was no difference in hospital LOS or 30‐day readmission.

Conclusion

Our consultation program resulted in significant reductions in daily charges, ICU days, potentially inappropriate medication use, and use of physical restraints and increased end‐of‐life planning. This model has potential for dissemination to other institutions operating in resource‐scarce, value‐driven settings.
Do Rare Events Explain CDX Tranche Spreads?
Authors: SEO SANG BYUNG , WACHTER JESSICA A.
Published: August 2018

We investigate whether a model with time‐varying probability of economic disaster can explain prices of collateralized debt obligations. We focus on senior tranches of the CDX, an index of credit default swaps on investment grade firms. These assets do not incur losses until a large fraction of previously stable firms default, and thus are deep out‐of‐the money put options on the overall economy. When calibrated to consumption data and to the equity premium, the model explains the spreads on CDX tranches prior to and during the 2008 to 2009 crisis.
p16/Ki67 dual staining improves the detection specificity of high‐grade cervical lesions
Authors: Zhang Ruiyi , Ge Xuefei , You Ke , Guo Yanli , Guo Hongyan , Wang Yanjie , Geng Li
Published: August 2018

Aim

The goal of this study was to analyze the specificity of p16/Ki67 dual staining in the detection of high‐grade cervical lesions.

Methods

A total of 223 patients with an average age of 39 years old were enrolled in this study. All samples were analyzed by p16/Ki67 immunocytochemical dual staining, liquid‐based cytology and high‐risk human papillomavirus (HR‐HPV) test. Diagnosis of each patient was verified by histopathological test.

Results

The specificity of p16/Ki67 dual staining was 68.33%, which was significantly higher than that of cytology (38.33%) and HR‐HPV test (21.67%) (P < 0.05) for CIN2+ detection. p16/Ki67 dual staining had similar sensitivity with HR‐HPV test for CIN2+ detection (90.18% vs 93.87%, P = 0.286). In atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC‐US) and low‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) cases, the specificity of p16/Ki67 dual staining was significantly higher than that of HPV test (66.67% vs 3.70%, P < 0.05) and its sensitivity was similar to that of HPV test for CIN2+ detection. The sensitivity and specificity of dual staining for CIN2+ detection in HR‐HPV positive women were 90.85% and 70.21%, respectively, which were higher than those of cytology (83.01% and 42.55%) and HPV16/18 test (70.59% and 44.68%).

Conclusions

p16/Ki67 dual staining could improve the specificity of high‐grade cervical lesions detection and have similar sensitivity to HPV test for CIN2+ detection. When triaging women with ASC‐US or LSIL liquid‐based cytology, compared with positive HR‐HPV, the specificity of CIN2+ lesion detection was increased by p16/Ki67 dual staining. p16/Ki67 dual staining could reduce colposcopy referrals and avoid excessive diagnosis and treatment.
Effect of vaginal washing before intravaginal dinoprostone insertion for labor induction: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Yayla Abide Çigdem , Kurek Eken Meryem , Ozkaya Enis , Yenidede Ilter , Bostanci Ergen Evrim , Kilicci Cetin , Sanverdi Ilhan , Eroğlu Mustafa
Published: August 2018

Aim

Prostaglandins have a dual action of cervical ripening and induction of uterine contraction. This study was designed to compare the effectiveness of vaginal washing just before insertion of intravaginal dinoprostone.

Methods

A randomized controlled trial was conducted at the Zeynep Kamil Women and Children's Health Training and Research Hospital. One hundred and ninety‐one women with singleton, term pregnancy who underwent labor induction were randomly assigned to two groups: Group 1 consisted of 95 pregnant women with vaginal washing before intravaginal dinoprostone (Propess system for slow release system of 10 mg of dinoprostone) insertion (study group), and 96 pregnant women constituted the control group who did not undergo vaginal washing before intravaginal dinoprostone insertion. A parallel randomized controlled trial was conducted with an allocation ratio of 1:1 to compare the effectiveness of vaginal washing before intravaginal dinoprostone insertion.

Results

The groups had similar mean age, body mass index, gestational age, gravidity, parity and Bishop score before agent insertion (P > 0.05). Duration of dinoprostone kept intravaginally, duration from the beginning of dinoprostone insert vaginally to the active phase of labor and duration from the time of intravaginal dinoprostone insertion to delivery were significantly longer in the control group (P < 0.05). Uterine hyperstimulation rate was significantly higher in study group compared to control group (P < 0.05). Meconium passage, fetal infection and neonatal intensive care unit admission were significantly higher in the control group (P < 0.05).

Conclusion

Vaginal washing before intravaginal dinoprostone insertion may increase Prostaglandin E2 bioavailability as we found shorter duration and better outcome of labor induction in the present study.
‘I think we've had a health screen’: New offshore screening, new refugee health guidelines, new Syrian and Iraqi cohorts: Recommendations, reality, results and review
Authors: Heenan Rachel C , Volkman Thomas , Stokes Simon , Tosif Shidan , Graham Hamish , Smith Andrea , Tran David , Paxton Georgia
Published: August 2018

Aim

To examine refugee health assessments in Syrian and Iraqi children in the context of changes to offshore immigration screening, updated Australian refugee health guidelines and the primary care refugee health model in Victoria.

Methods

This is a retrospective audit of Syrian and Iraqi children aged 0–17 years attending a specialist immigrant health service from January 2015 to September 2017.

Results

We saw 128 children (7 months–16 years, 64.8% male). Prior to arrival, 58.9% of children had experienced trauma, and 67.9% had missed at least 1 year of school. Almost all children (93.3%) were linked with a regular general practitioner in Australia, and 23.6% children were linked with a refugee health nurse; offshore health records were infrequently available. Of school‐aged children, 25% were not enrolled in school 3 months after arrival. Only 2 of 113 (1.8%) children had completed a recommended refugee health assessment, and 55.1% had commenced appropriate catch‐up vaccination in primary care. After screening completion, the most prevalent conditions were low vitamin D (63.6%); growth/nutrition (24.2%), neurological/metabolic (16.4%), learning/behaviour (15.6%) and mental health (12.5%) concerns; latent tuberculosis infection (11.8%); and developmental delay (10.2%). Sixteen children required surgery after arrival, and six children had life‐threatening medical conditions on arrival – only one had an offshore critical alert; care for the other five children resulted in 133 unanticipated hospital admission days.

Conclusions

There are substantial challenges with the current primary care screening model in Victoria. Disability, developmental and mental health concerns were prominent in this cohort, and many children had delays in education access, compounding prior disadvantage.
Children bouncing to the emergency department: Changes in trampoline injury patterns
Authors: Chen Monica , Cundy Peter , Antoniou Georgia , Williams Nicole
Published: August 2018

Aim

To compare trampoline injuries and injury costs sustained at a commercial trampoline park versus private homes presenting to a major Australian children's hospital over a 12‐month period.

Methods

Children presenting with a trampoline injury to the paediatric emergency department in 2015 were identified using a keyword search of triage information. A comparison of injuries sustained at a commercial trampoline park and private homes was performed.

Results

A total of 392 children presented with injuries, and the majority of injuries (68.9%) occurred at a private home; 19.4% were from a commercial trampoline park. Significant differences were seen between patients from a private home and commercial park for median age (5.6 vs. 12.8 years; P < 0.001), gender (48.2 vs. 61.8% female; P = 0.03) and season of injury. Of the injuries, 27.3% occurred when children fell off the trampoline, and fractures (39.5%) were the most common injury; 17.4% required hospital admission, and 12.8% required surgical intervention. Commercial park injuries had a significantly longer median length of stay (37.4 vs. 22.8 h; P = 0.03). The estimated total acute cost for these trampoline injuries in 1 year was $546 786. Commercial trampoline park injuries accounted for 21.7% of the estimated cost and private homes for 68.2%.

Conclusions

Paediatric trampoline injuries remain a common source of hospital presentation and admission, despite the introduction of a Voluntary Australian Standard. Paediatric trampoline injuries usually occur in private homes; however, the increasing popularity of commercial trampoline parks contributes to a change in the profile of trampoline injuries. Commercial park injuries were more expensive to treat.
When arrhythmia is in the air
Authors: Tiberi Eloisa , Serrao Francesca , Bottoni Anthea , Pianini Teresa , Vento Giovanni
Published: August 2018

See Answer
Does Funding Impact Our Research? Causality, Normativity, and Diversity in 40 Years of U.S. Sociology of Religion
Authors: May Matthew , Smilde David
Published: August 2018

In this article we use a sample of 40 years of sociology journal articles (N = 1,024) on religion to ask what role funding plays in some of the leading trends in the subdiscipline. Our analysis reveals a considerable increase in the number of published articles on religion with funding over the past 40 years as well as a shift away from public funding as the primary source of funding. Engaging our findings in previous analyses of this database, we surprisingly find a positive correlation between public funding and positive socio‐evaluative findings in articles on religion, but not between private funding and positive socio‐evaluative findings. We also find a positive correlation between funding from religious organizations and research on religion in the United States and a weak, but negative, correlation between funding from religious organizations and research on non‐Christian religious traditions. We do not find a relationship between funding and causal order.
Geographies of everyday nationhood: experiencing multiculturalism in Melbourne
Authors: Edensor Tim , Sumartojo Shanti
Published: August 2018

In this article, we explore the geographies of nationhood manifest in everyday life, arguing that our quotidian surroundings continually reproduce the nation as we engage with them. We show that nationhood is obvious and ubiquitous in the lives of people when they are asked to attune to it, and that even when not in the forefront of attention, it partly informs how we make sense of our daily experiences. This is not to claim that nationhood is fully formed or coherent, a separate substratum waiting to be tapped into or closely defined by an identifiable symbolic repertoire, if only we pay attention. Instead, we demonstrate that nationhood is emergent in everyday life, is reproduced continuously and intimately entangled with the sensations, routines, material environments, public encounters, everyday competencies, memories, aspirations and a range of other affective and embodied qualities that comprise how we understand and inhabit our worlds. This mundane experience involves shifting between reflexive and unreflexive states, and the method we deploy ‐ photo‐elicitation ‐ is devised to draw out these oscillations and heighten the attunement of participants to the usually unreflexively apprehended taken‐for‐granted national qualities of everyday space. Here, we aim to empirically foreground the neglected spatial dimensions that characterize the experience of banal nationalism.
ToyBox Study Malaysia: Improving healthy energy balance and obesity‐related behaviours among pre‐schoolers in Malaysia
Authors: Reeves S. , Poh B. K. , Essau C. , Summerbell C. , Cheah W. L. , Koh D. , Lee J. A. C. , Ruzita A. T. , Gibson E. L.
Published: August 2018

The prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity is increasing in Malaysia and currently nearly 10% of children aged between 6 months and 12 years are overweight and almost 12% are obese. Early interventions to prevent excess weight gain are needed. ToyBox Study Malaysia is a feasibility project, funded by the Medical Research Council Newton‐Ungku Omar Fund, to assess the practicalities of adapting the existing European ToyBox Study intervention programme to the Malaysian kindergarten setting. The main aims of all ToyBox programmes are related to improving four key energy balance‐related behaviours, namely drinking water, eating healthy snacks and meals, reducing sedentary behaviour and increasing physical activity. Using stratified sampling, the ToyBox Study Malaysia intervention will be delivered and compared to usual practice by assessing behaviour, physical activity and health‐related outcomes as measured by questionnaires, accelerometry and anthropometry. It is hoped that the evidence‐based ToyBox Study Malaysia will help to achieve healthier energy balance‐related behaviours in the children and their families and provide lifelong benefits to health. This article provides information on the dietary patterns, physical activity levels and prevalence of overweight and obesity in Malaysian children, and the approach of the ToyBox Study Malaysia.
Public health strategies to reduce sugar intake in the UK: An exploration of public perceptions using digital spaces
Authors: Swift J. A. , Strathearn L. , Morris A. , Chi Y. , Townsend T. , Pearce J.
Published: August 2018

Objective

To explore UK public perceptions of children's sugar consumption, Public Health England's Change4Life Sugar Smart app and the Soft Drinks Industry Levy, using solicited and unsolicited digital data.

Methods

Data from three digital spaces were used as follows: (1) an online questionnaire advertised on parenting forums; (2) posts to UK online parenting forums; and (3) English language Tweets from Twitter. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics and qualitative data using content and inductive thematic analysis.

Results

Data were (study 1) 184 questionnaire participants; (study 2) 412 forum posts; and (study 3) 618 Tweets. In study 1, 94.0% (n = 173) agreed that children in the UK consumed too much sugar and this had a negative health effect (98.4%, n = 181). Environments (n = 135, 73.4%), media/advertising (n = 112, 60.9%) and parents (n = 107, 58.2%) were all reported as barriers to changing children's sugar intake. In study 2, more posts were negative towards the Soft Drinks Industry Levy (n = 189, 45.9%) than positive (n = 145, 35.2%), and themes about the inability of the Levy to affect sugar consumption in children and childhood obesity emerged. Other themes related to distrust of the government, food industry and retailers. In study 3, the Sugar Smart app was viewed positively (n = 474, 76.7%) with its function associated solely with identification of sugar content.

Conclusions

Participants accepted the necessity of sugar reduction in children, but recognised the complexity of behaviour change. Public health activities were not always perceived as effective strategies for health promotion. There was some distrust in government, public health officials and the food industry. A less simplistic approach to sugar reduction and more credible sources of information may, therefore, be welcomed by the public.
Reproductive success of soybean (Glycine max L. Merril) cultivars and exotic lines under high daytime temperature
Authors: Djanaguiraman Maduraimuthu , Schapaugh William , Fritschi Felix , Nguyen Henry , Prasad P.V. Vara
Published: August 2018

The objectives were to (a) quantify the effects of high daytime temperature (HDT) from gametogenesis to full bloom on photosynthesis and pod set in soybean (Glycine max L. Merril) genotypes and (b) assess the relationships among photosynthesis, cardinal temperatures for pollen germination, in vitro pollen germination percentage, canopy reflectance, and pod‐set percentage. Three field experiments were conducted, and Experiment I had HDT between gametogenesis and full bloom (36.5°C to 38.6°C) compared with Experiments II and III (29.5°C to 31.6°C; optimum temperature). HDT decreased photosynthesis (22%) and pod‐set percent (11%) compared with Experiment III. Cultivars had higher photosynthesis and pod‐set percent than plant introduction (PI) lines. The cultivars (i.e., IA3023 and KS4694) and PI lines (i.e., PI393540 and PI588026A) were HDT tolerant and susceptible, respectively. The decreased pod‐set percentage in susceptible genotypes (PI lines) was associated with pollen characteristics. Significant positive (r2 ≥ 0.67) association between photosynthesis, cardinal temperatures for pollen germination (Topt and Tmax) with pod‐set percentage was observed. However, a negative (r2 ≥ −0.43) association between photosynthesis and pod set with canopy reflectance at visible spectrum was observed. In vitro pollen germination and canopy reflectance at visible spectrum can be used as a high‐throughput phenotypic tool for breeding HDT‐tolerant genotypes.
Plagiodinium ballux sp. nov. (Dinophyceae), a deep (36 m) sand dwelling dinoflagellate from subtropical Japan
Authors: Yamada Norico , Dawut Mahmutjan , Terada Ryuta , Horiguchi Takeo
Published: August 2018

A new species of marine sand‐dwelling dinoflagellate, Plagiodinium ballux N. Yamada, Dawut, R. Terada & T. Horiguchi is described from a deep (36 m) seafloor off Takeshima Island, Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan in the subtropical region of the northwest Pacific. The species is thecate and superficially resembles species of Prorocentrum, but possesses an extremely small epitheca. The cell varies from ovoid to a rounded square, and is small (15.0–22.5 μm in length) and laterally compressed. The thecal plates are smooth and the thecal plate arrangement (Po, 1′, 0a, 5″, 5C, 2S, 5‴, 0p, 1″″) is similar to that of Plagiodinium belizeanum, the type species of the genus. Molecular phylogenetic analyses based on SSU rDNA and partial LSU rDNA reveal that the dinoflagellate is closely related to P. belizeanum, but it can be clearly distinguished by its size and cell shape. This suite of morphological and molecular differences leads to the conclusion that this deep benthic dinoflagellate represents a new species of the genus Plagiodinium.
N2pc reflects two modes for coding the number of visual targets
Authors: Benavides‐Varela S. , Basso Moro S. , Brigadoi S. , Meconi F. , Doro M. , Simion F. , Sessa P. , Cutini S. , Dell’Acqua R.
Published: August 2018

Humans share with a variety of animal species the spontaneous ability to detect the numerical correspondence between limited quantities of visual objects and discrete auditory events. Here, we explored how such mental representation is generated in the visual modality by monitoring a parieto‐occipital ERP component, N2pc, whose amplitude covaries with the number of visual targets in explicit enumeration. Participants listened to an auditory sequence of one to three tones followed by a visual search display containing one to three targets. In Experiment 1, participants were asked to respond based on the numerical correspondence between tones and visual targets. In Experiment 2, participants were asked to ignore the tones and detect a target presence in the search display. The results of Experiment 1 showed an N2pc amplitude increase determined by the number of visual targets followed by a centroparietal ERP component modulated by the numerical correspondence between tones and visual targets. The results of Experiment 2 did not show an N2pc amplitude increase as a function of the number of visual targets. However, the numerical correspondence between tones and visual targets influenced N2pc amplitude. By comparing a subset of amplitude/latency parameters between Experiment 1 and 2, the present results suggest N2pc reflects two modes for representing the number of visual targets. One mode, susceptible to subjective control, relies on visual target segregation for exact target individuation, whereas a different mode, likely enabling spontaneous cross‐modal matching, relies on the extraction of rough information about number of targets from visual input.
A Probabilistic Transmission Model for the Spread of Extended‐Spectrum‐β‐Lactamase and AmpC‐β‐Lactamase‐Producing Escherichia Coli in the Broiler Production Chain
Authors: Plaza Rodríguez Carolina , Correia Carreira Guido , Käsbohrer Annemarie
Published: August 2018

Direct contact between humans and live broilers, as well as the consumption of chicken meat, have been suggested as pathways for transmission of extended‐spectrum‐β‐lactamase (ESBL) and AmpC‐β‐lactamase (AmpC)‐producing Escherichia coli. One approach to design intervention strategies to control the transmission of such bacteria between animals and humans is to study the transmission pathways of such bacteria between the animals themselves. The rationale is that controlling the process of the underlying source, here transmission between animals, can provide hints on how to control a higher‐level process, here the transmission between animals and humans. The focus of this article is the transmission of the above‐mentioned bacteria between broilers and broiler flocks in meat production with regards to the establishment of possible intervention strategies to reduce the transfer of these bacteria between animals. The objective of this work is to design a mathematical transmission model describing the effects of vertical and horizontal bacterial transmission in the broiler production chain, from the parent generation to the slaughterhouse level. To achieve this objective, an existing transmission model for Campylobacter was adapted for the case of E. coli. The model keeps track of prevalence among flocks (flock prevalence) and of prevalence among animals within one flock (animal prevalence). Flock and animal prevalences show different dynamics in the model. While flock prevalence increases mainly through horizontal transmission in hatcheries, animal prevalence increases mainly at the broiler‐fattening farm. Transports have rather small effects just as the vertical transmission from parents to chicks.
Microloans, education and growth
Authors: M. Emerson Patrick , McGough Bruce
Published: August 2018

This paper constructs a two‐period overlapping generations model of human capital investment decisions where a microloan program designed to finance entrepreneurial activities is active. It is shown that, in the presence of human capital externalities, microloans that are small and have immediate repayment can be growth depressing, and welfare decreasing, through their effect on the opportunity cost of schooling. By increasing the opportunity cost of schooling, such microloans divert investment away from human capital: by failing to internalize the social returns to education, households’ individually optimal investment decisions in the face of microcredit availability act to depress the growth of the economy and result in suboptimal welfare outcomes. Conditions under which these negative effects can occur are identified and potential solutions are suggested.
Impact of trade imbalances on domestic trade policy: Does multilateral trade policy matter?
Authors: Gnangnon Sèna Kimm
Published: August 2018

It has been well demonstrated in the empirical literature that trade policy liberalization influences trade performance. However, little is known about how trade policy reacts to trade imbalances. This article aims to address this question by investigating the impact of trade imbalances on domestic trade policy liberalization, including in the context of multilateral trade policy liberalization. This analysis is particularly relevant because countries are currently having appetite for trade protectionist measures, which could ultimately undermine multilateral trade liberalization, and hurt domestic economies and the world economy. The analysis has been conducted on a panel dataset of 166 countries over the period 1998 to 2015. The take home message of the analysis is twofold: first, an improvement in trade balance induces greater domestic trade policy liberalization. However, this impact depends on countries’ development level, as the magnitude of this positive impact is higher, the higher the countries’ level of development. Second, an improvement in trade balance leads to greater domestic trade policy liberalization only if multilateral trade policy liberalization reaches a certain level.
Reversible deficits in apical transporter trafficking associated with deficiency in diacylglycerol acyltransferase
Authors: Schlegel Cameron , Lapierre Lynne A. , Weis Victoria G. , Williams Janice A. , Kaji Izumi , Pinzon‐Guzman Carolina , Prasad Nripesh , Boone Braden , Jones Angela , Correa Hernan , Levy Shawn E. , Han Xianlin , Wang Miao , Thomsen Kelly , Acra Sari , Goldenring James R.
Published: August 2018

Deficiency in diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT1) is a rare cause of neonatal diarrhea, without a known mechanism or in vitro model. A patient presenting at our institution at 7 weeks of life with failure to thrive and diarrhea was found by whole‐exome sequencing to have a homozygous DGAT1 truncation mutation. Duodenal biopsies showed loss of DGAT1 and deficits in apical membrane transporters and junctional proteins in enterocytes. When placed on a very low‐fat diet, the patient's diarrhea resolved with normalization of brush border transporter localization in endoscopic biopsies. DGAT1 knockdown in Caco2‐BBe cells modeled the deficits in apical trafficking, with loss of apical DPPIV and junctional occludin. Elevation in cellular lipid levels, including diacylglycerol (DAG) and phospholipid metabolites of DAG, was documented by lipid analysis in DGAT1 knockdown cells. Culture of the DGAT1 knockdown cells in lipid‐depleted media led to re‐establishment of occludin and return of apical DPPIV. DGAT1 loss appears to elicit global changes in enterocyte polarized trafficking that could account for deficits in absorption seen in the patient. The in vitro modeling of this disease should allow for investigation of possible therapeutic targets.
Results and complications after removal of tibial tuberosity advancement cage for treatment of surgical site infections: A retrospective study
Authors: Serratore Vanessa R. , Barnhart Matthew D.
Published: August 2018

Objective

To describe the surgical technique and report the short‐term results after removal of tibial tuberosity advancement (TTA) cages in dogs with surgical site infections (SSI).

Study design

Retrospective clinical study.

Animals

Seventeen client‐owned dogs.

Methods

Medical records of dogs treated for SSI by removal of a TTA cage between November 2012 and May 2015 were reviewed. Information collected included signalment, physical examination findings, affected stifle, cage size, date of SSI onset, time elapsed to implant removal, duration of procedure, culture results, any complications encountered, timing of follow‐up recheck, and short‐term results.

Results

Seventeen dogs (20 stifles) were included. Clinical signs related to SSI started at a mean of 403 days after TTA, and implants were removed 474 days (mean) after TTA. No intraoperative complications were reported. Postoperative complications occurred in 40% of dogs. Three dogs developed major complications, including a tibial tuberosity fracture. Eighty‐five percent of owners reported complete resolution of clinical signs related to the SSI and were satisfied with the outcome.

Conclusion

Surgical site infections were short‐ and long‐term complications successfully treated by removal of the TTA cage in the majority of dogs in this study, although complications were common.

Clinical significance

Removal of the TTA cage can be considered as an adjunct to treat SSI but has the potential for postoperative complications.
Effectiveness of probiotics in the management of inflammatory arthritis: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Lowe Judith , Briggs Andrew , Whittle Samuel , Hoon Elizabeth , Stephenson Matthew
Published: August 2018

Review questions:

The questions of this systematic review are: i) What is the effectiveness of probiotics as a therapeutic intervention for individuals living with inflammatory arthritis? ii) What are the reported adverse effects of probiotics when used as a therapeutic intervention for individuals living with inflammatory arthritis?
Measurements of the reactivity of premixed, stagnation, methane-air flames at gas turbine relevant pressures
Authors: Versailles Philippe , Durocher Antoine , Bourque Gilles , Bergthorson Jeffrey M.
Published: August 2018

The adiabatic, unstrained, laminar flame speed, SL, is a fundamental combustion property, and a premier target for the development and validation of thermochemical mechanisms. It is one of the leading parameters determining the turbulent flame speed, the flame position in burners and combustors, and the occurrence of transient phenomena, such as flashback and blowout. At pressures relevant to gas turbine engines, SL is generally extracted from the continuous expansion of a spherical reaction front in a combustion bomb. However, independent measurements obtained in different types of apparatuses are required to fully constrain thermochemical mechanisms. Here, a jet-wall, stagnation burner designed for operation at gas turbine relevant conditions is presented, and used to assess the reactivity of premixed, lean-to-rich, methane–air flames at pressures up to 16 atm. One-dimensional (1D) profiles of axial velocity are obtained on the centerline axis of the burner using particle tracking velocimetry, and compared to quasi-1D flame simulations performed with a selection of thermochemical mechanisms available in the literature. Significant discrepancies are observed between the numerical and experimental data, and among the predictions of the mechanisms. This motivates further chemical modeling efforts, and implies that designers in industry must carefully select the mechanisms employed for the development of gas turbine combustors.
Tone language experience modulates the effect of long-term musical training on musical pitch perception
Authors: Tong Xiuli , Choi William , Man Yuen Ying
Published: August 2018

Long-term musical training is widely reported to enhance music pitch perception. However, it remains unclear whether tone language experience influences the effect of long-term musical training on musical pitch perception. The present study addressed this question by testing 30 Cantonese and 30 non-tonal language speakers, each divided equally into musician and non-musician groups, on pitch height and pitch interval discrimination. Musicians outperformed non-musicians among non-tonal language speakers, but not among Cantonese speakers on the pitch height discrimination task. However, musicians outperformed non-musicians among Cantonese speakers, but not among non-tonal language speakers on the pitch interval discrimination task. These results suggest that the effect of long-term musical training on musical pitch perception is shaped by tone language experience and varies across different pitch perception tasks.
The effect of polarity order and electrode-activation order on loudness in cochlear implant users
Authors: Todd Ann E. , Landsberger David M.
Published: August 2018

This study examined the interaction between polarity and electrode-activation order on loudness in cochlear implant users. Pulses were presented with the polarity of the leading phase alternating or constant across channels. Electrode-activation order was either consecutive or staggered. Staggered electrode-activation orders required less current for equal loudness than consecutive orders with constant polarity. Consecutive electrode-activation orders required less current than staggered orders with alternating polarity. The results support the hypothesis that crosstalk between channels can interfere with or facilitate neuronal activation depending on polarity.
Quantifying robustness of the /t/-/k/ contrast using a single, static spectral feature
Authors: Johnson Allison A. , Reidy Patrick F. , Edwards Jan R.
Published: August 2018

Dynamic spectral shape features accurately classify /t/ and /k/ productions across speakers and contexts. This paper shows that word-initial /t/ and /k/ tokens produced by 21 adults can be differentiated using a single, static spectral feature when spectral energy concentration is considered relative to expectations within a given speaker and vowel context. Centroid and peak frequency—calculated from both acoustic and psychoacoustic spectra—were compared to determine whether one feature could reliably differentiate /t/ and /k/, and, if so, which feature best differentiated them. Centroid frequency from both acoustic and psychoacoustic spectra accurately classified productions of /t/ and /k/.
The Legacy and Influence of Catherine D. Ennis’s Value Orientations Research
Authors: Curtner-Smith Matthew D. , Baxter Deborah. S. , May Leah K.
Published: August 2018

In this article, the authors examine work conducted on 6 value orientations in physical education pioneered by Dr. Catherine D. Ennis and her colleagues. After providing an overview they focus on areas and methods of VOI research, specifically descriptions and comparisons (gender, teachers’ experience, school level, nationality, location, level of training, race, and physical activity background), the influence of value orientations on pedagogy (content and instructional models), and interventions (curricula and physical education teacher education). They conclude with suggestions for further research.
Introduction to the Special Issue: The Legacy of Catherine D. Ennis
Authors: Solmon Melinda A. , Silverman Stephen
Published: August 2018

This paper introduces the special issue of Kinesiology Review addressing the legacy of Catherine D. Ennis. The introduction first provides a brief chronology of her life and discusses her career, focusing on her many professional activities and honors. It then provides a short review of her early scholarship as a basis for understanding how her scholarly career began. This is followed by an overview of this issue, which reviews the various phases of Ennis’s career with papers by scholars who have helped produce and use her research and ends with an epilogue of personal reflections by Ennis’s colleagues and friends.
Cyclic Nucleotide-Specific Phosphodiesterases as Potential Drug Targets for Anti-Leishmania Therapy
Authors: Sebastián-Pérez Victor , Hendrickx Sarah , Munday Jane C. , Kalejaiye Titilola , Martínez Ana , Campillo Nuria E. , de Koning Harry , Caljon Guy , Maes Louis , Gil Carmen
Published: August 2018

The available treatments for leishmaniasis are less than optimal due to inadequate efficacy, toxic side effects, and the emergence of resistant strains, clearly endorsing the urgent need for discovery and development of novel drug candidates. Ideally, these should act via an alternative mechanism of action to avoid cross-resistance with the current drugs.
Screening a Repurposing Library for Inhibitors of Multidrug-Resistant Candida auris Identifies Ebselen as a Repositionable Candidate for Antifungal Drug Development
Authors: Wall Gina , Chaturvedi Ashok K. , Wormley Floyd L. , Wiederhold Nathan P. , Patterson Hoja P. , Patterson Thomas F. , Lopez-Ribot José L.
Published: August 2018

Since its original isolation in 2009,
Candida auris
has spread across the globe as a causative agent of invasive candidiasis.
C. auris
is typically intrinsically resistant to fluconazole and can also be resistant to echinocandins and even amphotericin B.
Vesicular Delivery of the Antifungal Antibiotics of Lysobacter enzymogenes C3
Authors: Meers Paul R. , Liu Carol , Chen Rensa , Bartos William , Davis Julianne , Dziedzic Nicole , Orciuolo Jason , Kutyla Szymon , Pozo Maria Jose , Mithrananda Deepti , Panzera Dominick , Wang Shu
Published: August 2018

The data presented here suggest a newly discovered function of outer membrane vesicles (OMV) that are produced from the outer membrane of the bacterial species
Lysobacter enzymogenes
strain C3. We show that these OMV can be released from the surface of the cells to deliver antibiotics to target fungal organisms as a mechanism of killing or growth inhibition. Understanding the role of OMV in antibiotic delivery can generally lead to improved strategies for dealing with antibiotic-resistant organisms. These results also add to the evidence that some bacterially produced antibiotics can be discovered and purified using methods designed for isolation of nanoscale vesicles. Information on these systems can lead to better identification of active molecules or design of delivery vehicles for these molecules.
Exploring Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus-Induced Hepatic Injury Using Antibody-Mediated Type I Interferon Blockade in Mice
Authors: Lindquist Michael E. , Zeng Xiankun , Altamura Louis A. , Daye Sharon P. , Delp Korey L. , Blancett Candace , Coffin Kayla M. , Koehler Jeffrey W. , Coyne Susan , Shoemaker Charles J. , Garrison Aura R. , Golden Joseph W.
Published: August 2018

CCHFV is an important human pathogen that is both endemic and emerging throughout Asia, Africa, and Europe. A common feature of acute disease is liver injury ranging from mild to fulminant hepatic failure. The processes through which CCHFV induces severe liver injury are unclear, mostly due to the limitations of existing small-animal systems. The only small-animal model in which CCHFV consistently produces severe liver damage is mice lacking IFN-I signaling. In this study, we used antibody-mediated blockade of IFN-I signaling in mice to study CCHFV liver pathogenesis in various transgenic mouse systems. We found that liver injury did not depend on cytotoxic immune cells and observed extensive activation of death receptor signaling pathways in the liver during acute disease. Furthermore, acute CCHFV infection resulted in a nearly complete loss of Kupffer cells. Our model system provides insight into both the molecular and the cellular features of CCHFV hepatic injury.
Kangaroo mother care for the prevention of neonatal hypothermia: a randomised controlled trial in term neonates
Authors: Ramani Manimaran , Choe Eunjoo A , Major Meggin , Newton Rebecca , Mwenechanya Musaku , Travers Colm P , Chomba Elwyn , Ambalavanan Namasivayam , Carlo Waldemar A
Published: August 2018

Objective

To test the hypothesis that kangaroo mother care (KMC) initiated either at birth or at 1 hour after birth reduces moderate or severe hypothermia in term neonates at (A) 1 hour after birth and (B) at discharge when compared with standard thermoregulation care.

Methods

Term neonates born at a tertiary delivery centre in Zambia were randomised in two phases (phase 1: birth to 1 hour, phase 2: 1 hour to discharge) to either as much KMC as possible in combination with standard thermoregulation care (KMC group) or to standard thermoregulation care (control group). The primary outcomes were moderate or severe hypothermia (axillary temperature <36.0°C) at (A) 1 hour after birth and (B) at discharge.

Results

The proportion of neonates with moderate or severe hypothermia did not differ between the KMC and control groups at 1 hour after birth (25% vs 27%, relative risk (RR)=0.93, 95% CI 0.59 to 1.4, P=0.78) or at discharge (7% vs 2%, RR=2.8, 95% CI 0.6 to 13.9, P=0.16). Hypothermia was not found among the infants who had KMC for at least 9 hours or 80% of the hospital stay.

Conclusions

KMC practised as much as possible in combination with standard thermoregulation care initiated either at birth or at 1 hour after birth did not reduce moderate or severe hypothermia in term infants compared with standard thermoregulation care. The current study also shows that duration of KMC either for at least 80% of the time or at least 9 hours during the day of birth was effective in preventing hypothermia in term infants.

Clinical trial registration

NCT02189759.
Recreational soccer as sport medicine for middle-aged and older adults: a systematic review
Authors: Luo Hao , Newton Robert U , Ma’ayah Fadi , Galvão Daniel A , Taaffe Dennis R
Published: August 2018

Background

Strategies to prevent or attenuate the age-related decline in physical and physiological function and reduce chronic disease risk factors are of clinical importance.

Objective

To examine the health benefits of recreational soccer in middle-aged and older adults.

Design

Systematic review in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines.

Data sources

All available records up until 9 June 2017 in PubMed, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL Plus, PsycINFO and Cochrane Library databases.

Eligibility criteria for selecting studies

All randomised trials with or without a control group (randomised controlled trials or randomised uncontrolled trials) and non-randomised controlled trials that used recreational soccer, which includes small-sided soccer games, as the sole or principal intervention, and reported relevant effects in untrained/sedentary, healthy or unhealthy adults aged 40 years and above were included.

Results

Five trials described in 13 articles were included, which scored 6–9 out of 12 points on the modified Delphi quality rating scale. The duration was from 12 to 52 weeks, with various frequencies, volumes and game formats performed both outdoors and indoors with men and women. The trials indicate that recreational soccer may result in improvement in cardiovascular function, body composition and functional ability, although no significant changes were observed in postural balance.

Conclusion

Recreational soccer should be considered an alternative exercise modality for untrained, healthy or unhealthy middle-aged and older adults of both sexes to maintain an active lifestyle and mitigate a wide array of physical and physiological age-related changes.
Structures, Functions, and Dynamics of ESCRT-III/Vps4 Membrane Remodeling and Fission Complexes
Authors: McCullough John , Frost Adam , Sundquist Wesley I.
Published: August 2018

The endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRT) pathway mediates cellular membrane remodeling and fission reactions. The pathway comprises five core complexes: ALIX, ESCRT-I, ESCRT-II, ESCRT-III, and Vps4. These soluble complexes are typically recruited to target membranes by site-specific adaptors that bind one or both of the early-acting ESCRT factors: ALIX and ESCRT-I/ESCRT-II. These factors, in turn, nucleate assembly of ESCRT-III subunits into membrane-bound filaments that recruit the AAA ATPase Vps4. Together, ESCRT-III filaments and Vps4 remodel and sever membranes. Here, we review recent advances in our understanding of the structures, activities, and mechanisms of the ESCRT-III and Vps4 machinery, including the first high-resolution structures of ESCRT-III filaments, the assembled Vps4 enzyme in complex with an ESCRT-III substrate, the discovery that ESCRT-III/Vps4 complexes can promote both inside-out and outside-in membrane fission reactions, and emerging mechanistic models for ESCRT-mediated membrane fission.
Symmetry Breaking in the Mammalian Embryo
Authors: Zhang Hui Ting , Hiiragi Takashi
Published: August 2018

We present an overview of symmetry breaking in early mammalian development as a continuous process from compaction to specification of the body axes. While earlier studies have focused on individual symmetry-breaking events, recent advances enable us to explore progressive symmetry breaking during early mammalian development. Although we primarily discuss embryonic development of the mouse, as it is the best-studied mammalian model system to date, we also highlight the shared and distinct aspects between different mammalian species. Finally, we discuss how insights gained from studying mammalian development can be generalized in light of self-organization principles. With this review, we hope to highlight new perspectives in studying symmetry breaking and self-organization in multicellular systems.