bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mucosal‐associated invariant T cells in digestive tract: Local guardians or destroyers?
Authors: Wang Xingzhou , Liang Mengjie , Song Peng , Guan Wenxian , Shen Xiaofei
Published: May 2023

Mucosa‐associated invariant T cells (MAIT) are a class of innate‐like T lymphocytes mainly presenting CD8+ phenotype with a semi‐invariant αβ T‐cell receptor, which specifically recognises MR1‐presented biosynthetic derivatives of riboflavin synthesis produced by various types of microbiomes. As innate‐like T lymphocytes, MAIT can be activated by a variety of cytokines, leading to immediate immune responses to infection and tumour cues. As an organ that communicates with the external environment, the digestive tract, especially the gastrointestinal tract, contains abundant microbial populations. Communication between MAIT and local microbiomes is important for the homeostasis of mucosal immunity. In addition, accumulating evidence suggests changes in the abundance and structure of the microbial community during inflammation and tumorigenesis plays a critical role in disease progress partly through their impact on MAIT development and function. Therefore, it is essential for the understanding of MAIT response and their interaction with microbiomes in the digestive tract. Here, we summarised MAIT characteristics in the digestive tract and its alteration facing inflammation and tumour, raising that targeting MAIT can be a candidate for treatment of gastrointestinal diseases.
Ring finger protein 12 activates AKT signalling to promote the progression of liver cancer by interacting with EGFR
Authors: Yu Chengpeng , Rao Dean , Wang Tiantian , Sheng Jiaqi , Lv Enjun , Zhang Long , Lu Xun , Yu Jingjing , Liang Huifang , Song Jia , Huang Wenjie
Published: May 2023

Liver cancer is one of the most common solid tumours, and ranks as the third leading cause of cancer‐associated mortality around the world. This study has linked RNF12 to the pathogenesis of liver cancer. Based on the analysis of patient samples and database data, high RNF12 expression was found in liver cancer, in correlation with worse clinicopathological features and a poor prognosis. Meantime, RNF12 could promote the progression of liver cancer in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, RNF12 could interact with EGFR and decrease the internalization of EGFR to activate EGF/EGFR signalling. In addition, PI3K‐AKT signalling takes part in the regulation of liver cancer cell proliferation and migration of RNF12. And AKT inhibitor MK2206 could reverse RNF12‐mediated cellular proliferation and migration in liver cancer. The possibility of the physical interaction between RNF12 and EGFR might lay a foundation to develop intervention strategies for liver cancer prevention and therapy.
Predictive values of metabolic score for insulin resistance on risk of major adverse cardiovascular events and comparison with other insulin resistance indices among Chinese with and without diabetes mellitus: Results from the 4C cohort study
Authors: Pan Limeng , Zou Huajie , Meng Xiaoyu , Li Danpei , Li Wenjun , Chen Xi , Yang Yan , Yu Xuefeng
Published: May 2023

Aims/Introduction

To investigate the relationship between the metabolic score for insulin resistance (METS‐IR) index and major adverse cardiac events (MACEs) and to compare its ability to predict MACEs with other IR indices including homeostatic model assessment for IR (HOMA‐IR) and triglyceride glucose (TyG) index‐related parameters.

Materials and Methods

We conducted a cohort study enrolling 7,291 participants aged ≥40 years. Binary logistic regression and restricted cubic splines were performed to determine the association between METS‐IR and MACEs, and the receiver operating curve (ROC) was utilized to compare the predictive abilities of IR indices and to determine the optimal cut‐off points.

Results

There were 348 (4.8%) cases of MACEs during a median follow‐up of 3.8 years. Compared with participants with a METS‐IR in the lowest quartile, the multivariate‐adjusted RRs and 95% CIs for participants with a METS‐IR in the highest quartile were 1.47 (1.05–2.77) in all participants, 1.42 (1.18–2.54) for individuals without diabetes, and 1.75 (1.11–6.46) for individuals with diabetes. Significant interactions were found between the METS‐IR and the risk of MACEs by sex in all participants and by age and sex in individuals without diabetes (all P values for interaction < 0.05). In the ROC analysis, the METS‐IR had a higher AUC value than other indices for predicting MACEs in individuals with diabetes and had a comparable or higher AUC than other indices for individuals without diabetes.

Conclusions

The METS‐IR can be an effective clinical indicator for identifying MACEs, as it had superior predictive power when compared with other IR indices in individuals with diabetes.
Internet usage and the prospective risk of dementia: A population‐based cohort study
Authors: Cho Gawon , Betensky Rebecca A. , Chang Virginia W.
Published: May 2023

Background

Little is known about the long‐term cognitive impact of internet usage among older adults. This research characterized the association between various measures of internet usage and dementia.

Methods

We followed dementia‐free adults aged 50–64.9 for a maximum of 17.1 (median = 7.9) years using the Health and Retirement Study. The association between time‐to‐dementia and baseline internet usage was examined using cause‐specific Cox models, adjusting for delayed entry and covariates. We also examined the interaction between internet usage and education, race‐ethnicity, sex, and generation. Furthermore, we examined whether the risk of dementia varies by the cumulative period of regular internet usage to see if starting or continuing usage in old age modulates subsequent risk. Finally, we examined the association between the risk of dementia and daily hours of usage. Analyses were conducted from September 2021 to November 2022.

Results

In 18,154 adults, regular internet usage was associated with approximately half the risk of dementia compared to non‐regular usage, CHR (cause‐specific hazard ratio) = 0.57, 95% CI = 0.46–0.71. The association was maintained after adjustments for self‐selection into baseline usage (CHR = 0.54, 95% CI = 0.41–0.72) and signs of cognitive decline at the baseline (CHR = 0.62, 95% CI = 0.46–0.85). The difference in risk between regular and non‐regular users did not vary by educational attainment, race‐ethnicity, sex, and generation. In addition, additional periods of regular usage were associated with significantly reduced dementia risk, CHR = 0.80, 95% CI = 0.68–0.95. However, estimates for daily hours of usage suggested a U‐shaped relationship with dementia incidence. The lowest risk was observed among adults with 0.1–2 h of usage, though estimates were non‐significant due to small sample sizes.

Conclusions

Regular internet users experienced approximately half the risk of dementia than non‐regular users. Being a regular internet user for longer periods in late adulthood was associated with delayed cognitive impairment, although further evidence is needed on potential adverse effects of excessive usage.
The (Ir)Relevance of Rule‐of‐Thumb Consumers for U.S. Business Cycle Fluctuations
Authors: ALBONICO ALICE , ASCARI GUIDO , HAQUE QAZI
Published: May 2023

We estimate a medium‐scale model with and without rule‐of‐thumb consumers over the pre‐Volcker and the Great Moderation periods, allowing for indeterminacy. Passive monetary policy and sunspot fluctuations characterize the pre‐Volcker period for both models. In both subsamples, the estimated fraction of rule‐of‐thumb consumers is low, such that the two models are empirically almost equivalent; they yield very similar impulse response functions, variance, and historical decompositions. We conclude that rule‐of‐thumb consumers are irrelevant to explain aggregate U.S. business cycle fluctuations.
Low‐carbohydrate diets, low‐fat diets, and mortality in middle‐aged and older people: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Zhao Yimin , Li Yueying , Wang Wenxiu , Song Zimin , Zhuang Zhenhuang , Li Duo , Qi Lu , Huang Tao
Published: May 2023

Background

Short‐term clinical trials have shown the effectiveness of low‐carbohydrate diets (LCDs) and low‐fat diets (LFDs) for weight loss and cardiovascular benefits. We aimed to study the long‐term associations among LCDs, LFDs, and mortality among middle‐aged and older people.

Methods

This study included 371,159 eligible participants aged 50–71 years. Overall, healthy and unhealthy LCD and LFD scores, as indicators of adherence to each dietary pattern, were calculated based on the energy intake of carbohydrates, fat, and protein and their subtypes.

Results

During a median follow‐up of 23.5 years, 165,698 deaths were recorded. Participants in the highest quintiles of overall LCD scores and unhealthy LCD scores had significantly higher risks of total and cause‐specific mortality (hazard ratios [HRs]: 1.12–1.18). Conversely, a healthy LCD was associated with marginally lower total mortality (HR: 0.95; 95% confidence interval: 0.94, 0.97). Moreover, the highest quintile of a healthy LFD was associated with significantly lower total mortality by 18%, cardiovascular mortality by 16%, and cancer mortality by 18%, respectively, versus the lowest. Notably, isocaloric replacement of 3% energy from saturated fat with other macronutrient subtypes was associated with significantly lower total and cause‐specific mortality. For low‐quality carbohydrates, mortality was significantly reduced after replacement with plant protein and unsaturated fat.

Conclusions

Higher mortality was observed for overall LCD and unhealthy LCD, but slightly lower risks for healthy LCD. Our results support the importance of maintaining a healthy LFD with less saturated fat in preventing all‐cause and cause‐specific mortality among middle‐aged and older people.
Catch Up with the Good and Stay Away from the Bad: CEO Decisions on the Appointment of Chief Sustainability Officers
Authors: Wang Taiyuan , Fu Yingzhu , Rui Oliver , De Castro Julio
Published: May 2023

Why do some chief executive officers (CEOs) appoint chief sustainability officers (CSOs) for their firms while others do not? We answer this question by examining CEOs' attention allocation to competition for stakeholders' approval, which can be triggered by both industry peers' corporate social responsibility (CSR) and corporate social irresponsibility (CSiR). An increase in peers' CSR triggers CEOs' attention allocation by observing that peers have improved and thus pose a competitive threat to their own firms. An increase in peers' CSiR triggers CEOs' attention allocation by perceiving that stakeholders will demand more for sustainability and thus place higher sanctions on their own firms in the future. CEOs' attention allocated to industry peers' CSR and CSiR, in turn, can increase their perceived importance and urgency of appointing CSOs for their firms to ‘catch up with the good’ (responsible peers) and to ‘stay away from the bad’ (irresponsible peers). We also theorize the moderating roles of CEOs' motivational attributes, such that predominantly prevention‐focused CEOs are more (less) likely to appoint CSOs as peers increase CSR (CSiR), and future‐oriented CEOs are more (less) likely to appoint CSOs as peers increase CSiR (CSR).
Effectiveness of In‐Person Versus Online Negotiation Teaching for Practitioners
Authors: Oehlschläger Patricia , Merz Michael A.
Published: May 2023

Most negotiation courses have been taught in person. However, online education has become more prevalent over the past decade due to its flexibility, cost and time efficiency, and new digital technologies designed to compensate for the lack of personal contact. The global pandemic has accelerated this trend, raising the question of whether negotiation courses taught online are as effective as those taught in person. The few studies that have examined the effect of teaching modality on student performance were limited to undergraduate and graduate student samples and the results have been mixed. To contribute to this discussion, we conducted two studies with practitioners to examine whether online or in‐person instruction is more effective for teaching negotiation skills to experienced negotiators.
Dyadic processes of relational turbulence theory
Authors: Goodboy Alan K. , Dillow Megan R. , Knoster Kevin C. , Howard Heath A.
Published: May 2023

This study tested dyadic processes of relational turbulence theory (RTT) in heterosexual marriages. We tested propositions 1, 2, and 5 of RTT, which propose that uncertainty about the marriage biases cognitive appraisals, and that interference from a partner heightens negative emotions, both of which culminate in relational turbulence for spouses. Guided by these propositions, husbands' and wives' (N = 510; 255 marital dyads) dyadic cognitive and emotional processes were estimated using the actor‐partner interdependence mediation model. Consistent with theoretical propositions, we found evidence for actor‐actor indirect effects; for both husbands and wives (a) the effect of spouses' relationship uncertainty on their own relational turbulence was mediated by their own biased cognitive appraisals, and (b) the effect of spouses' experienced interference on their own relational turbulence was mediated by their own anger from communicating in the marriage. However, controlling for actor‐actor indirect effects, partner‐defined processes (i.e., actor‐partner and partner‐actor indirect effects) uniquely explained husbands' and wives' relational turbulence.
Economics of treatment with GnRH agonist 7–14 days after artificial insemination in repeat breeder lactating dairy cows
Authors: Borş Silviu‐Ionuț , Borş Alina , Abdoon Ahmed Sabry S.
Published: May 2023

This study looked at the effectiveness and financial benefits of treating repeat breeder (RB) dairy cows with the GnRH agonist gonadorelin 7–14 days after artificial insemination (AI). A total of 188 healthy dairy cows (2.4 ± 1.3 lactations) with an average milk yield of 42.1 ± 6.8 kg milk/day, at 179 ± 38.4 days in milk with 3.8 ± 1 AIs were divided into two groups, experimental (E group, n = 98) and control (C group, n = 90). The GnRH agonist gonadorelin was given 7–14 days after AI to the E group to evaluate the embryo survival in RB cows. The control group did not receive any treatment. Recorded pregnancy rates and cumulative pregnancy rates were superior in the E group (49% and 64.3%) compared with the C group (37.8% and 55.5%). The interaction between therapy and RB had a significant impact on the pregnancy rate and accessory corpus luteum (CL), according to a binary logistic regression study. The UW‐DairyRepro$ decision support tool utilized in this experiment demonstrated that by implementing this approach, the net present value can be increased by US dollars (US$)30.2/RB cow/year. Thus, the single therapy with GnRH agonist gonadorelin between 7 and 14 days after AI enhanced the potential for a second CL in repeat‐breeder pregnant cows, presumably favouring embryo survival.
Luminex Crossmatch in kidney transplantation
Authors: Ameur Radouan Fadi , Berkani Lilya Meriem , Belaid Brahim , Habchi Khadidja , Saidani Messaoud , Djidjik Reda
Published: May 2023

The introduction of the Luminex Crossmatch assay (LumXm) which uses Luminex bead technology, consists of extracting the donor's Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) molecules from their lymphocytes, and binding them to fluorescent beads that are put in contact with recipient's serum. HLA donor‐specific antibodies (DSA) are detected using a fluorescent conjugate. The goal of our study is to determine the benefits of using LumXm in a renal transplantation algorithm. We tested 78 recipients' sera using the LumXm, and the results were compared with the Luminex single antigen bead assay (SAB) for all sera, as well as the Flow Cytometry Crossmatch (FCXM) for 46 sera. We compared our results with those of SAB using 3 cutoffs, the first being the manufacturer's criteria where sensitivity and specificity were at 62.5% and 91.3% respectively for HLA class 1, and 88.5% and 50.0% respectively for HLA class 2. When using the third cutoff criteria (≥2 Adjusted values + MFI [Mean fluorescence intensity] >500 + Neg MFI < 500), the sensitivity increased to 69.0% for HLA class 1 and decreased to 84.0% for HLA class 2, while the specificity increased for HLA class 1 and 2. When comparing with FCXM, the 3 assays agreed in 55.8% of results for class 1 and 2 alike. However, major discrepancies were found for two groups in HLA class 1 and one in HLA class 2. The LumXm when used with other techniques to overcome its' weak points, can provide an interesting insight into the patient's HLA–DSA profile.
Is the majority always right? Young children's normative interpretations of majority and dissenting peer behavior
Authors: Hardecker Susanne , Vreden Carlo , Alcan Ena
Published: May 2023

The present study investigates the social‐cognitive underpinnings of young children's bias to follow the majority. More specifically, we focus on the question of whether children not only copy the behavior of a majority of peers, but whether they also understand this majority behavior as a social norm that everyone needs to follow. Additionally, we investigated whether seeing a unanimous majority or a majority and dissenting peer makes a difference for children's normative understanding. Participants included 180 preschool‐age children (4‐to‐5 years old) who engaged in a conformity paradigm, where they either saw the behavior of a unanimous majority of peers, or additionally the behavior of a single dissenting peer, or only the behavior of two individual peers behaving differently (Control). Afterward, children mostly copied the unanimous majority and protested against others, when they deviated from this majority, thus indeed interpreting the behavior of a unanimous majority as a norm that others need to follow. However, when they had seen a majority as well as a dissenter, children's protest and copying in favor of the majority dropped. Overall, our findings show that preschool children interpret the behavior of a unanimous majority as normative. However, when children additionally see a dissenter's behavior, this normative interpretation is weakened.
Characterization of the novel HLA‐A*03:444 detected in a potential hematopoietic stem cell donor
Authors: Andryushkina Anna V. , Ziyatdinova Elvira , Ananeva Anastasiia , Shagimardanova Elena I.
Published: May 2023

The novel HLA‐A*03:444 allele was characterized using next generation sequencing technology.
Pressured cytotoxic T cell epitope strength among SARS‐CoV‐2 variants correlates with COVID‐19 severity
Authors: Rao Vishal , Banerjee Ushashi , Sambaturu Narmada , Chunchanur Sneha , Ambica R. , Chandra Nagasuma
Published: May 2023

Heterogeneity in susceptibility among individuals to COVID‐19 has been evident through the pandemic worldwide. Cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses generated against pathogens in certain individuals are known to impose selection pressure on the pathogen, thus driving emergence of new variants. In this study, we probe the role played by host genetic heterogeneity in terms of HLA‐genotypes in determining differential COVID‐19 severity in patients. We use bioinformatic tools for CTL epitope prediction to identify epitopes under immune pressure. Using HLA‐genotype data of COVID‐19 patients from a local cohort, we observe that the recognition of pressured epitopes from the parent strain Wuhan‐Hu‐1 correlates with COVID‐19 severity. We also identify and rank list HLA‐alleles and epitopes that offer protectivity against severe disease in infected individuals. Finally, we shortlist a set of 6 pressured and protective epitopes that represent regions in the viral proteome that are under high immune pressure across SARS‐CoV‐2 variants. Identification of such epitopes, defined by the distribution of HLA‐genotypes among members of a population, could potentially aid in prediction of indigenous variants of SARS‐CoV‐2 and other pathogens.
Natural variation of OsML1, a mitochondrial transcription termination factor, contributes to mesocotyl length variation in rice
Authors: Meng Yun , Zhan Junhui , Liu Hongyan , Liu Jindong , Wang Yamei , Guo Zhan , He Sang , Nie Lixiao , Kohli Ajay , Ye Guoyou
Published: May 2023

Mesocotyl length (ML) is a crucial factor in determining the establishment and yield of rice planted through dry direct seeding, a practice that is increasingly popular in rice production worldwide. ML is determined by the endogenous and external environments, and inherits as a complex trait. To date, only a few genes have been cloned, and the mechanisms underlying mesocotyl elongation remain largely unknown. Here, through a genome‐wide association study using sequenced germplasm, we reveal that natural allelic variations in a mitochondrial transcription termination factor, OsML1, predominantly determined the natural variation of ML in rice. Natural variants in the coding regions of OsML1 resulted in five major haplotypes with a clear differentiation between subspecies and subpopulations in cultivated rice. The much‐reduced genetic diversity of cultivated rice compared to the common wild rice suggested that OsML1 underwent selection during domestication. Transgenic experiments and molecular analysis demonstrated that OsML1 contributes to ML by influencing cell elongation primarily determined by H2O2 homeostasis. Overexpression of OsML1 promoted mesocotyl elongation and thus improved the emergence rate under deep direct seeding. Taken together, our results suggested that OsML1 is a key positive regulator of ML, and is useful in developing varieties for deep direct seeding by conventional and transgenic approaches.
Ecological kin‐making in the multispecies muddle: An analytical framework for understanding embodied environmental citizen science experiences
Authors: Dunkley Ria
Published: May 2023

Despite the current proliferation of citizen science projects, the affordances of ecological citizen science to generate transformational thinking amongst project participants are seldom considered. This study investigated citizen science as an experiential ecopedagogic praxis that may provide a context for developing relational perspectives and sensorial engagements between human and non‐human participants. A new humanist, phenomenological standpoint and narrative analysis framework were adopted. The narratives of five river monitoring citizen science participants are presented herein to illustrate an emergent Ecological kin‐making through citizen science framework. Participants’ narratives demonstrate how individuals engaged in caring practices through six embodied stages of ecological kin‐making through citizen science: encountering the river (1); recognising the non‐human world (2); river‐bank identification (3); developing a sense of response‐ability (4); enacting responsibility (5); and enhanced ecological kinship (6). As characterised by the infinity‐loop framework, citizen science emerges from this study as an attuned, ongoing, and caring praxis of ecological kin‐making. New co‐species kinship relationships are formed, maintained, and strengthened through participation. The study highlights that where citizen science projects are designed with a participant community focus, they can create the conditions for self‐directed and lifelong ecopedagogy that could be transformational for humans and non‐humans in times of ecological and climate crisis. The study implies the catalytic validity of citizen science to provide a space‐time context for participants to enact a ‘response‐ability’ toward local environments and human and non‐human dwellers, vital to enabling participants to experience a sense of agency and to take local action on environmental issues.
Machine learning predicts histologic type and grade of canine gliomas based on MRI texture analysis
Authors: Barge Pablo , Oevermann Anna , Maiolini Arianna , Durand Alexane
Published: May 2023

Conventional MRI features of canine gliomas subtypes and grades significantly overlap. Texture analysis (TA) quantifies image texture based on spatial arrangement of pixel intensities. Machine learning (ML) models based on MRI‐TA demonstrate high accuracy in predicting brain tumor types and grades in human medicine. The aim of this retrospective, diagnostic accuracy study was to investigate the accuracy of ML‐based MRI‐TA in predicting canine gliomas histologic types and grades. Dogs with histopathological diagnosis of intracranial glioma and available brain MRI were included. Tumors were manually segmented across their entire volume in enhancing part, non‐enhancing part, and peri‐tumoral vasogenic edema in T2‐weighted (T2w), T1‐weighted (T1w), FLAIR, and T1w postcontrast sequences. Texture features were extracted and fed into three ML classifiers. Classifiers’ performance was assessed using a leave‐one‐out cross‐validation approach. Multiclass and binary models were built to predict histologic types (oligodendroglioma vs. astrocytoma vs. oligoastrocytoma) and grades (high vs. low), respectively. Thirty‐eight dogs with a total of 40 masses were included. Machine learning classifiers had an average accuracy of 77% for discriminating tumor types and of 75.6% for predicting high‐grade gliomas. The support vector machine classifier had an accuracy of up to 94% for predicting tumor types and up to 87% for predicting high‐grade gliomas. The most discriminative texture features of tumor types and grades appeared related to the peri‐tumoral edema in T1w images and to the non‐enhancing part of the tumor in T2w images, respectively. In conclusion, ML‐based MRI‐TA has the potential to discriminate intracranial canine gliomas types and grades.
Maximal ergodic inequalities for some positive operators on noncommutative Lp$L_p$‐spaces
Authors: Hong Guixiang , Ray Samya Kumar , Wang Simeng
Published: May 2023

In this paper, we push forward the conjecture on a noncommutative version of the maximal ergodic theorem for positive contractions due to Ackoglu. That is, we establish the one‐sided maximal ergodic inequalities for a large subclass of positive operators on noncommutative ‐spaces for a fixed , which particularly applies to positive isometries, the convex hull of positive Lamperti contractions, and also the power‐bounded doubly Lamperti operators; moreover, it is known that this subclass recovers all positive contractions on the classical Lebesgue spaces . As an unexpected consequence, we deduce a completely bounded version of Ackoglu's theorem by making use of Ackoglu's original dilation. We also observe that the concrete examples of positive contractions without Akcoglu's dilation, which were constructed by Junge–Le Merdy [J. Funct. Anal. 249 (2007), no. 1, 220–252.], still satisfy the maximal ergodic inequalities. Together with the class of power‐bounded positive invertible operators considered by Hong–Liao–Wang [Duke Math. J. (2020). In press], we thereby verify the noncommutative Ackoglu ergodic theorem for all the positive operators that have naturally appeared in the literature up to the moment of writing. Based on the noncommutative Calderón transference principle established in [Duke Math. J. (2020). In press], the general pattern of the demonstration follows from the classical one due to Kan, but several new ideas are absolutely necessary in the noncommutative setting. Let us just mention three of them: the argument for the maximal ergodic theorem for positive isometries is highly nontrivial compared to the classical case; the novel simultaneous dilation property is indispensable to get the ergodic theorem for the convex hull of positive Lamperti contractions; numerous adjustments are truly needed in this new setting to conclude a desired structural theorem for positive doubly Lamperti operators since the orthogonal relations of operator algebras are completely different from those in classical measure theory.
Nursing interventions for pediatric patients with cancer and their families: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Rørbech Josefine Tang , Dreyer Pia , Enskär Karin , Haslund-Thomsen Helle , Jensen Claus Sixtus
Published: May 2023

Objective:

This scoping review will identify and map available nursing interventions provided by pediatric oncology hospital services to pediatric patients with cancer and/or their family members. The aim is to develop a comprehensive overview of the characteristics of nursing interventions and to identify potential knowledge gaps.

Introduction:

Clinical nursing care is an essential part of pediatric oncology. In pediatric oncology nursing research, a shift from explanatory studies to intervention studies is recommended. The body of research on interventions for pediatric oncology patients and their families has grown in recent years. However, there are no reviews on nursing interventions currently available for pediatric oncology.

Inclusion criteria:

Studies will be considered for inclusion if they refer to pediatric patients with cancer, and/or family members of a pediatric patient with cancer, who have received non-pharmacological and non-procedural nursing interventions provided by a pediatric oncology hospital service. Studies must also be peer-reviewed, published from the year 2000 onward, and written in English, Danish, Norwegian, or Swedish.

Methods:

The review will be conducted in accordance with the JBI guidelines for scoping reviews. A 3-step search strategy will be followed using the PCC mnemonic (Population, Concept, Context). The databases to be searched will include Scopus, PubMed, CINAHL, PsyclNFO, and Embase. The identified studies will be screened based on title and abstract, as well as full text, by 2 independent reviewers. Data will be extracted and managed in Covidence. A summary of the results will be presented as a narrative description, supported by tables.
GENETIC BARCODING FOR SURVEILLANCE OF VIRULENCE PLASMIDS IN METAGENOMIC SAMPLES OF MICE GUT MICROFLORA
Authors: Shilov S.V. , Korotetskiy I.S. , Reva O.N. , Kuznetsova T.V. , Zubenko N.V. , Ivanova L.N. , Parenova R.A. , Izmailov T.Kh.
Published: May 2023

Outbreaks of nosocomial infections strike the public health system around the world. Current surveillance systems for infectious agents either take too long to identify pathogens or lack the necessary sensitivity to distinguish the virulent strains from the benign ones in the resident microflora. To address this problem, we propose a method for improving the sensitivity and specificity of detection of virulent clonal lines of bacteria or individual virulence plasmids in metagenomic samples. In this study, we used previously developed computational tools, Barcode Generator and Barcoding 2.0, to analyse gut microflora of laboratory mice infected with a pathogenic multidrug-resistant S. aureus and treated with cefazolin, an iodine-containing complex CC-195, and by a combinatorial treatment. We searched the metagenomic samples for representatives of pathogenic microflora using diagnostic genetic barcodes, which were designed based on the whole genome sequences of a collection of clinical isolates. Our results demonstrated a practical applicability of these diagnostic barcodes to monitor clonal lines of pathogens and even individual virulence plasmids in the environment. We also found that the novel drug CC-195 promotes a speedy restoration of the normal gut microflora disturbed by infection and administration of the antibiotic cefazolin.
Geometric Error Calibration of XYZ-3RPS Hybrid Kinematic Machine via Binocular Vision
Authors: Guo Xiangyu , Wang Rui , Zhong Shisheng , Ge Yuhao , Yue Lingyu
Published: May 2023

To improve the motion accuracy of an XYZ-3RPS hybrid kinematic machine (HKM), a geometric error calibration method via binocular vision measurement is studied. First, to separately calibrate the series kinematic mechanisms (SKMs) and parallel kinematic mechanisms (PKMs), the geometric error identification equations (GEIEs) of the XYZ SKM and 3RPS PKM are derived, respectively. By analyzing the different influence principles of the geometric errors on the position and attitude of the 3RPS PKM, a constraint function is added to the GEIE of the PKM to improve the calculation accuracy. Moreover, the geometric error compensation strategy is based on the structural characteristics of the XYZ-3RPS HKM. In addition, based on the principle of binocular vision measurement, two calibration plates, called dynamic and static calibration plates, are designed as markers to define the coordinate systems, enabling the acquisition of full positions and attitudes. Furthermore, a marker transformation method and an in-situ adjustment method are designed to determine the positions and attitudes of the HKM required for calibration such that the marker is always at the center of the field of view of the camera to improve measurement accuracy. Finally, the effectiveness of the calibration method is verified through prototype experiments.
Numerical modeling of Mach-stem formation in high-amplitude time-reversal focusing
Authors: Patchett Brian D. , Anderson Brian E. , Kingsley Adam D.
Published: May 2023

In acoustics, time-reversal processing is commonly used to exploit multiple scatterings in reverberant environments to focus sound to a specific location. Recently, the nonlinear characteristics of time-reversal focusing at amplitudes as high as 200 dB have been reported [Patchett and Anderson, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 151(6), 3603–3614 (2022)]. These studies were experimental in nature and suggested that converging waves nonlinearly interact in the focusing of waves, leading to nonlinear amplification. This study investigates the nonlinear interactions and subsequent characteristics from a model-based approach. Utilizing both finite difference and finite-element models, it is shown that nonlinear interactions between high-amplitude waves lead to free-space Mach-wave coalescence of the converging waves. The number of waves used in both models represents a small piece of the full aperture of converging waves experimentally. Limiting the number of waves limits the number of Mach-stem formations and reduces the nonlinear growth of the focus amplitudes when compared to experiment. However, limiting the number of waves allows the identification of individual Mach waves. Mach wave coalescence leading to Mach-stem formation appears to be the mechanism behind nonlinear amplification of peak focus amplitudes observed in high-amplitude time-reversal focusing.
Self-organized mud cracking amplifies the resilience of an iconic “Red Beach” salt marsh
Authors: Zhang Kang , Yan Jiaguo , He Qiang , Xu Chi , van de Koppel Johan , Wang Bo , Cui Baoshan , Liu Quan-Xing
Published: May 2023

Self-organized patterning, resulting from the interplay of biological and physical processes, is widespread in nature. Studies have suggested that biologically triggered self-organization can amplify ecosystem resilience. However, if purely physical forms of self-organization play a similar role remains unknown. Desiccation soil cracking is a typical physical form of self-organization in coastal salt marshes and other ecosystems. Here, we show that physically self-organized mud cracking was an important facilitating process for the establishment of seepweeds in a “Red Beach” salt marsh in China. Transient mud cracks can promote plant survivorship by trapping seeds, and enhance germination and growth by increasing water infiltration in the soil, thus facilitating the formation of a persistent salt marsh landscape. Cracks can help the salt marsh withstand more intense droughts, leading to postponed collapse and faster recovery. These are indications of enhanced resilience. Our work highlights that self-organized landscapes sculpted by physical agents can play a critical role in ecosystem dynamics and resilience to climate change.
When self-assembly meets interfacial polymerization
Authors: Shen Qin , Song Qiangqiang , Mai Zhaohuan , Lee Kueir-Rarn , Yoshioka Tomohisa , Guan Kecheng , Gonzales Ralph Rolly , Matsuyama Hideto
Published: May 2023

Interfacial polymerization (IP) and self-assembly are two thermodynamically different processes involving an interface in their systems. When the two systems are incorporated, the interface will exhibit extraordinary characteristics and generate structural and morphological transformation. In this work, an ultrapermeable polyamide (PA) reverse osmosis (RO) membrane with crumpled surface morphology and enlarged free volume was fabricated via IP reaction with the introduction of self-assembled surfactant micellar system. The mechanisms of the formation of crumpled nanostructures were elucidated via multiscale simulations. The electrostatic interactions among
m
-phenylenediamine (MPD) molecules, surfactant monolayer and micelles, lead to disruption of the monolayer at the interface, which in turn shapes the initial pattern formation of the PA layer. The interfacial instability brought about by these molecular interactions promotes the formation of crumpled PA layer with larger effective surface area, facilitating the enhanced water transport. This work provides valuable insights into the mechanisms of the IP process and is fundamental for exploring high-performance desalination membranes.
Multiplexed selectivity screening of anti-GPCR antibodies
Authors: Dahl Leo , Kotliar Ilana B. , Bendes Annika , Dodig-Crnković Tea , Fromm Samuel , Elofsson Arne , Uhlén Mathias , Sakmar Thomas P. , Schwenk Jochen M.
Published: May 2023

G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs) control critical cellular signaling pathways. Therapeutic agents including anti-GPCR antibodies (Abs) are being developed to modulate GPCR function. However, validating the selectivity of anti-GPCR Abs is challenging because of sequence similarities among individual receptors within GPCR subfamilies. To address this challenge, we developed a multiplexed immunoassay to test >400 anti-GPCR Abs from the Human Protein Atlas targeting a customized library of 215 expressed and solubilized GPCRs representing all GPCR subfamilies. We found that ~61% of Abs tested were selective for their intended target, ~11% bound off-target, and ~28% did not bind to any GPCR. Antigens of on-target Abs were, on average, significantly longer, more disordered, and less likely to be buried in the interior of the GPCR protein than the other Abs. These results provide important insights into the immunogenicity of GPCR epitopes and form a basis for designing therapeutic Abs and for detecting pathological auto-Abs against GPCRs.
Resurrection of plant disease resistance proteins via helper NLR bioengineering
Authors: Contreras Mauricio P. , Pai Hsuan , Selvaraj Muniyandi , Toghani AmirAli , Lawson David M. , Tumtas Yasin , Duggan Cian , Yuen Enoch Lok Him , Stevenson Clare E. M. , Harant Adeline , Maqbool Abbas , Wu Chih-Hang , Bozkurt Tolga O. , Kamoun Sophien , Derevnina Lida
Published: May 2023

Parasites counteract host immunity by suppressing helper nucleotide binding and leucine-rich repeat (NLR) proteins that function as central nodes in immune receptor networks. Understanding the mechanisms of immunosuppression can lead to strategies for bioengineering disease resistance. Here, we show that a cyst nematode virulence effector binds and inhibits oligomerization of the helper NLR protein NRC2 by physically preventing intramolecular rearrangements required for activation. An amino acid polymorphism at the binding interface between NRC2 and the inhibitor is sufficient for this helper NLR to evade immune suppression, thereby restoring the activity of multiple disease resistance genes. This points to a potential strategy for resurrecting disease resistance in crop genomes.
Skin-interfaced microfluidic systems with spatially engineered 3D fluidics for sweat capture and analysis
Authors: Wu Chung-Han , Ma Howin Jian Hing , Baessler Paul , Balanay Roxanne Kate , Ray Tyler R.
Published: May 2023

Skin-interfaced wearable systems with integrated microfluidic structures and sensing capabilities offer powerful platforms for monitoring the signals arising from natural physiological processes. This paper introduces a set of strategies, processing approaches, and microfluidic designs that harness recent advances in additive manufacturing [three-dimensional (3D) printing] to establish a unique class of epidermal microfluidic (“epifluidic”) devices. A 3D printed epifluidic platform, called a “sweatainer,” demonstrates the potential of a true 3D design space for microfluidics through the fabrication of fluidic components with previously inaccessible complex architectures. These concepts support integration of colorimetric assays to facilitate in situ biomarker analysis operating in a mode analogous to traditional epifluidic systems. The sweatainer system enables a new mode of sweat collection, termed multidraw, which facilitates the collection of multiple, independent sweat samples for either on-body or external analysis. Field studies of the sweatainer system demonstrate the practical potential of these concepts.
Photonic Floquet Landau-Zener tunneling and temporal beam splitters
Authors: Wang Shulin , Qin Chengzhi , Zhao Lange , Ye Han , Longhi Stefano , Lu Peixiang , Wang Bing
Published: May 2023

Landau-Zener tunneling (LZT), i.e., the nonadiabatic transition under strong parameter driving in multilevel systems, is ubiquitous in physics, providing a powerful tool for coherent wave control both in quantum and classical systems. While previous works mainly focus on LZT between two energy bands in time-invariant crystals, here, we construct synthetic time-periodic temporal lattices from two coupled fiber loops and demonstrate dc- and ac-driven LZTs between periodic Floquet bands. We show that dc- and ac-driven LZTs display distinctive tunneling and interference characteristics, which can be harnessed to realize fully reconfigurable LZT beam splitter arrangements. As a potential application to signal processing, we realize a 4-bit temporal beam encoder for classical light pulses using a reconfigurable LZT beam splitter network. Our work introduces and experimentally demonstrates a new class of reconfigurable linear optics circuits harnessing Floquet LZT, which may find versatile applications in temporal beam control, signal processing, quantum simulations, and information processing.
Sirtuin 6 is required for the integrated stress response and resistance to inhibition of transcriptional cyclin-dependent kinases
Authors: Kartha Nithya , Gianopulos Jessica E. , Schrank Zachary , Cavender Sarah M. , Dobersch Stephanie , Kynnap Bryan D. , Wallace-Povirk Adrianne , Wladyka Cynthia L. , Santana Juan F. , Kim Jaeseung C. , Yu Angela , Bridgwater Caroline M. , Fuchs Kathrin , Dysinger Sarah , Lampano Aaron E. , Notta Faiyaz , Price David H. , Hsieh Andrew C. , Hingorani Sunil R. , Kugel Sita
Published: May 2023

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is classified into two key subtypes, classical and basal, with basal PDAC predicting worse survival. Using in vitro drug assays, genetic manipulation experiments, and in vivo drug studies in human patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) of PDAC, we found that basal PDACs were uniquely sensitive to transcriptional inhibition by targeting cyclin-dependent kinase 7 (CDK7) and CDK9, and this sensitivity was recapitulated in the basal subtype of breast cancer. We showed in cell lines, PDXs, and publicly available patient datasets that basal PDAC was characterized by inactivation of the integrated stress response (ISR), which leads to a higher rate of global mRNA translation. Moreover, we identified the histone deacetylase sirtuin 6 (SIRT6) as a critical regulator of a constitutively active ISR. Using expression analysis, polysome sequencing, immunofluorescence, and cycloheximide chase experiments, we found that SIRT6 regulated protein stability by binding activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) in nuclear speckles and protecting it from proteasomal degradation. In human PDAC cell lines and organoids as well as in murine PDAC genetically engineered mouse models where SIRT6 was deleted or down-regulated, we demonstrated that SIRT6 loss both defined the basal PDAC subtype and led to reduced ATF4 protein stability and a nonfunctional ISR, causing a marked vulnerability to CDK7 and CDK9 inhibitors. Thus, we have uncovered an important mechanism regulating a stress-induced transcriptional program that may be exploited with targeted therapies in particularly aggressive PDAC.
A Scaffolded Module to Improve Scientific Literacy by Engaging Students with Primary Literature Using the Instructor’s Research Experience
Authors: van Breukelen Natalie April
Published: May 2023

To improve students’ scientific literacy, I designed a learning module that built upon my personal research experience and interest to actively engage students in reading primary literature. Here, I describe the scaffolded procedure in six steps, each linked to a learning outcome and assessment using Bloom’s taxonomy as a framework of increasing from lower-order to higher-order cognition: (i) storytelling and discussion, i.e., remember; (ii) guided reading, i.e., understand; (iii) group reading, i.e., apply; (iv) shared reading, i.e., analyze; (v) self-selected reading, i.e., evaluate; and (vi) research proposal, i.e., create.
The Efficiency of p27 Cleavage during
In Vitro
Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Infection Is Cell Line and RSV Subtype Dependent
Authors: Rezende Wanderson , Ye Xunyan , Angelo Laura S. , Carisey Alexandre F. , Avadhanula Vasanthi , Piedra Pedro A.
Published: May 2023

RSV fusion protein (F) plays an important role in entry and viral fusion to the host cell. The F undergoes proteolytic cleavages releasing a 27-amino-acid peptide (p27) to become fully functional.
Single-Virus Fusion Measurements Reveal Multiple Mechanistically Equivalent Pathways for SARS-CoV-2 Entry
Authors: Sengar Anjali , Cervantes Marcos , Bondalapati Sai T. , Hess Tobin , Kasson Peter M.
Published: May 2023

SARS-CoV-2 can use multiple pathways to infect cells, as demonstrated recently when new viral variants switched dominant infection pathways. Here, we used single-virus fusion experiments together with biochemical reconstitution to show that these multiple pathways coexist simultaneously and specifically that the virus can be activated by different proteases in different cellular compartments with mechanistically identical effects.
Genome Characterization of Enterococcus faecalis Bacteriophage EFKL
Authors: Michelle JiaMin Loh , Mutusamy Prasanna , Karthikeyan Priyadarshini , Kumaresan Ramesh , Millard Andrew , Parimannan Sivachandran , Rajandas Heera
Published: May 2023

We characterized the complete genome of the lytic
Enterococcus faecalis
phage EFKL, which was isolated from a sewage treatment plant in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The phage, which was classified in the genus
Saphexavirus
, has a 58,343-bp double-stranded DNA genome containing 97 protein-encoding genes and shares 80.60% nucleotide similarity with
Enterococcus
phage EF653P5 and
Enterococcus
phage EF653P3.
Draft Genome Sequence for the Symbiotic Pine Mushroom Tricholoma matsutake
Authors: Kang Min-Jeong , Bae Eun-Kyung , Park Eung-Jun , Ka Kang-Hyeon , Son Mi-Ra , Kim Ki-Tae , Lee Jei-Wan
Published: May 2023

We report the high-quality genome sequence of
Tricholoma matsutake
strain 2001, which was isolated from a mushroom fruiting body in South Korea. The genome has 80 contigs, a size of 162.6 Mb, and an
N
50
value of 5,103,859 bp and will provide insight into the symbiotic association between
T. matsutake
and
Pinus densiflora
.
Supplemental Material: Petrology and geochronology of Cretaceous–Eocene plutonic rocks in northeastern Washington, USA: Crustal thickening, slab rollback, and origin of the Challis episode
Authors: Tepper Jeffrey H. , et al.
Published: May 2023

Supplemental File S1: Sample locations and elemental and isotopic data. Supplemental File S2: U-Pb ranked age plots and concordia diagrams. Supplemental File S3: U-Pb method details and all individual point analyses. 