bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Heat transfer modeling within the microclimate between 3D human body and clothing: effects of ventilation openings and fire intensity
Authors: Tian Miao , Li Jun
Published: November 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of ventilation openings and fire intensity on heat transfer and fluid flow within the microclimate between 3D human body and clothing.

Design/methodology/approach

On account of interaction effects of fire and ventilation openings on heat transfer process, a 3D transient computational fluid dynamics model considering the real shape of human body and clothing was developed. The model was validated by comparing heat flux history and distribution with experimental results. Heat transfer modes and fluid flow were investigated under three levels of fire intensity for the microclimate with ventilation openings and closures.

Findings

Temperature distribution on skin surface with open microclimate was heavily depended on the heat transfer through ventilation openings. Higher temperature for the clothing with confined microclimate was affected by the position and direction of flames injection. The presence of openings contributed to the greater velocity at forearms, shanks and around neck, which enhanced the convective heat transfer within microclimate. Thermal radiation was the dominant heat transfer mode within the microclimate for garment with closures. On the contrary, convective heat transfer within microclimate for clothing with openings cannot be neglected.

Practical implications

The findings provided fundamental supports for the ease and pattern design of the improved thermal protective systems, so as to realize the optimal thermal insulation of the microclimate on the garment level in the future.

Originality/value

The outcomes broaden the insights of results obtained from the mesoscale models. Different high skin temperature distribution and heat transfer modes caused by thermal environment and clothing structure provide basis for advanced thermal protective clothing design.
Improving peer-to-peer accommodation service based on text analytics
Authors: Lee Carmen Kar Hang , Tse Ying Kei
Published: November 2020

Purpose

This paper aims to identify key service attributes in peer-to-peer (P2P) accommodation from online reviews and formulate service improvement strategies based on the unsatisfactory service encounters mined from the reviews.

Design/methodology/approach

The methodology involves topic modelling using latent Dirichlet allocation, sentiment analysis and process analysis based on process chain network (PCN).

Findings

The text analytics results showed that negative P2P accommodation experiences are caused by the lack of hot water for shower, poor sleep quality and unpleasant check-in.

Research limitations/implications

The PCN analysis shows that the surrogate interactions of the P2P accommodation platform with both the guest and the host impact consumer experiences. This highlights that the key to managing consumer experiences lies in the non-human resources such as information, rather than direct interactions between process entities.

Practical implications

The information on the P2P accommodation platform should be in a more interactive format such as video and 360 degrees camera. Hosts should ensure a good condition of the physical products such as water heaters and beds before guests' arrival. Professional videography and handyperson services should be provided by the platform to help hosts deliver a preferred consumer experience. Flexible and strict check-in polices should also be introduced to smoothen the check-in process.

Originality/value

This study is built on multi-attribute utility theory. It is also one of the first to study P2P accommodation services from an operations management perspective. It demonstrates how text analytics serves as an additional supplement for service improvement.
The country context in Triple-A supply chains: an advanced PLS–SEM research study in emerging vs developed countries
Authors: Machuca José A.D. , Marin-Garcia Juan A. , Alfalla-Luque Rafaela
Published: November 2020

Purpose

This paper analyzes whether the Triple-A supply chain (SC)–competitive advantage (CA) relationship is influenced by the country context and considers the case of emerging vs developed countries. Any differences in the importance of the three Triple-A SC dimensions (agility, adaptability and alignment) and a potential synergy effect among them when pursuing CA are also analyzed.

Design/methodology/approach

Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) method is applied to an international multiple informant sample of 304 manufacturing plants in nine developed and five emerging countries.

Findings

A significant positive relationship is found between the Triple-A SC and CA in the full sample and in the two separate samples of emerging and developed countries, which is more intense in the emerging countries. For the same samples, it is also concluded that (1) there are no significant differences in the importance of SC adaptability (SC-Ad), SC agility (SC-Ag) and SC alignment (SC-Al) as levers in the Triple-A SC–CA relationship and (2) a synergy effect among the Triple-A SC dimensions when pursuing CA is not supported.

Research limitations/implications

The present study brings new evidence to the previous research on Triple-A SC and its relationship with CA in different country contexts. For managers, this work (1) shows that Triple A should be considered in the design of global SCs irrespective of the country context and (2) offers a first approach for determining the Triple-A SC levers that must be taken into consideration when pursuing a CA.

Originality/value

This paper contributes to Triple-A SC theory development. It is the first research study that analyzes the effect of the country context on the Triple-A SC–CA relationship and the importance of each of the Triple-A SC dimensions and their possible synergy effect when pursuing CA using a multiinformant international sample taken from different country contexts.
Differentiation strategies for defence supply chain design
Authors: Ekström Thomas , Hilletofth Per , Skoglund Per
Published: November 2020

Purpose

Defence supply chains (SCs) aim at operational outcomes, and armed forces depend on them to provide availability and preparedness in peace and sustainability in war. Previous research has focussed on strategies for SCs aiming at financial outcomes. This raises the question of how suitable commercial supply chain strategies (SCSs) are for supply chain design (SCD) in defence. The purpose of this paper is to explain the constructs of SCSs that satisfy military operational requirements and to propose SCSs that are appropriate in defence.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper reports on a Delphi study with 20 experts from Swedish defence authorities. Through three Delphi rounds, two workshops and a validation round, these experts contributed to the reported findings.

Findings

The findings demonstrate that commercial SC constructs are acceptable and applicable in defence but not sufficient. An additional strategy is required to satisfy requirements on availability, preparedness and sustainability. The paper shows that different requirements in peace and war make it challenging to design suitable defence SCs and proposes eight SCSs that satisfy these requirements.

Research limitations/implications

The results emanate from the Swedish defence context and further research is required for generalisation.

Originality/value

This paper extends theory by investigating SCs aiming at operational outcomes. For managers in companies and defence authorities, it explicates how the unique issues in defence must influence SCD to satisfy operational requirements.
Industrial growth in sub-Saharan Africa: evidence from machine learning with insights from nightlight satellite images
Authors: Otchia Christian , Asongu Simplice
Published: November 2020

Purpose

This study uses machine machine learning techniques to assess industrial development in Africa.

Design/methodology/approach

This study uses nightlight time data and machine learning techniques to assess industrial development in Africa.

Findings

This study provides evidence on how machine learning techniques and nightlight data can be used to assess economic development in places where subnational data are missing or not precise. Taken together, the research confirms four groups of important determinants of industrial growth: natural resources, agriculture growth, institutions and manufacturing imports. Our findings indicate that Africa should follow a more multisector approach for development, putting natural resources and agriculture productivity growth at the forefront.

Originality/value

Studies on the use of machine learning (with insights from nightlight satellite images) to assess industrial development in Africa are sparse.
Financial statement comparability and corporate investment efficiency
Authors: Alhadi Ahmed , Habib Ahsan , Taylor Grantley , Hasan Mostafa , Al-Yahyaee Khamis
Published: November 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine the relation between financial statement comparability and corporate investment efficiency of a large sample of US firms.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors use a large sample of US-listed firms from 1981 to 2013. The authors use several econometric methods including ordinary least square, firms fixed effects and mediation effects regression. Sensitivity tests that include the use of alternative measures of both the dependent and independent variables provide results that are consistent with the authors’ baseline model results.

Findings

The authors find that financial statement comparability mitigates risks associated with both under-investment and over-investment. They also find that product market competition mediates the relation between financial statement comparability and investment efficiency. The authors consider this to be a function of a competitive environment, whereby firms normally disclose less private information. This in turn reduces the effect of financial statement comparability on investment efficiency. Conversely, where there are higher levels of product market competition, it is less likely that firms will under-invest. Their results are consistent with these predictions.

Originality/value

The authors contribute to this growing field of research by providing evidence that financial statement comparability does in fact improve firms’ investment efficiency. Findings enhance our understanding of the relation between investment efficiency and financial statement comparability which is likely to have flow-on effects in terms of financial reporting quality and firm value. This study also contributes to research that links agency theory to financial statement comparability through an analysis of moral hazard and adverse selection tenets, and how it leads to reduced levels of investment inefficiency in a firm.
Remarkable lives: Stacey Withington in conversation with Jerome Carson
Authors: Withington Stacey , Carson Jerome
Published: November 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to provide a profile of Stacey Withington.

Design/methodology/approach

In this case study, Stacey provides a short account of her life and is then interviewed by Jerome.

Findings

Stacey details how she was able to transform her life, despite the traumas experienced in her life.

Research limitations/implications

Although many of us will not have experienced the difficulties that Stacey has, we are all able to empathise with her story. We now have the gift of her story, to borrow the phrase from Dr Julie Leibrich (Leibrich, 1999).

Practical implications

How many times must people complain about the delay in accessing counselling and mental health services before something is done to tackle the problem?

Social implications

A mother, a partner and a son, backed up by wonderful tutors and friends, helped Stacey find the strength and talent that she possessed within.

Originality/value

Stacey is the first person featured in this series to be called a SHEro. In truth and as Patricia Deegan has stated, “try and see the person with mental health problems that you are working with as a hero” (Deegan, 1996). As Pat also says, “Could you have survived what that person has survived?” Stacey has not just survived, she is now flourishing!
Enhancing student understanding of networks using experiential learning
Authors: Paros Amy , Taylor Michael , Yawson Robert M.
Published: November 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to provide an experiential learning exercise that develops student understanding of social networks within organizations. Understanding these networks can foster complete access to information and inclusive decision-making that translates into career success.

Design/methodology/approach

This experiential learning classroom exercise supports all student learning styles using a puzzle to teach students to apply social network theory toward real-world decision-making. This exercise is best used in small and medium-sized classrooms with ideally 15–40 students. This simulation could be used during 50 up through 120-min class sessions.

Findings

The game-like environment created by this exercise helps extend real-world understanding that may traditionally be lost with a lecture. Components within this simulation provide balanced consideration for many different learning styles. This exercise has been used successfully within a graduate-level leadership and decision-making course in at least ten sessions over 5 years.

Practical implications

This is a real-time theory to practice application exercise where an experiential activity is deployed for students to understand the practical implications and application of a theoretical concept.

Social implications

Organizations have internal social networks connecting employees. These connections are how information is dispersed and knowledge is shared. When these networks are understood and effectively used, it can result in more comprehensive problem-solving, valuable collaboration and the maximization of subject matter expertise within the organization.

Originality/value

This is a “how-to” teaching and pedagogical exercise. It is original with the benefit of its flexibility and adaptability in the classroom.
Improved controlled source audio‐frequency magnetotelluric method apparent resistivity pseudo‐sections based on the frequency and frequency–spatial gradients of electromagnetic fields
Authors: Zhang Ming , Farquharson Colin G. , Liu Changsheng
Published: November 2020

Although most electromagnetic data can be inverted to actual resistivity, ways of quickly getting a real‐time interpretation of a data set are still valuable. Such methods are useful when we are testing instrumentation or assessing data quality during a survey, or when we need to get a general understanding of the geological structure during a field survey. Apparent resistivity is a good way to satisfy these desires. However, one of the disadvantages of apparent resistivities is that the traditional apparent resistivity formulations are poor at recognizing boundaries, mainly because abnormal responses get stretched into deeper parts of the image (a shadow effect). In order to improve the recognition ability of boundaries, we propose improved apparent resistivity pseudo‐sections based on the formulae for the frequency and frequency–spatial gradients of the fields in the far‐field region of frequency‐domain controlled‐source audio‐frequency magnetotelluric surveys. The new pseudo‐sections are found to be better than those produced from a traditional method when applied to a number of 3‐D examples. The performance of this apparent resistivity method is closely related to using an appropriate transmitter–receiver distance: when a proper value is used, good results can be obtained in which the horizontal locations of vertical boundaries and the positions of top and bottom boundaries can be identified clearly. Finally, the usefulness of the proposed method for practical applications is evaluated with a field‐data example, for which the results of the proposed apparent resistivity imaging method are compared with traditional apparent resistivities, as well as with the results from a 2‐D inversion of DC resistivity data from the same survey line and with what is known about the geology of the area. This comparison demonstrates the improved capabilities of the new apparent resistivities over traditional approaches, including an improved capability to accurately reveal the bottoms of targets.
Relative humidity predominantly determines long‐term biocrust‐forming lichen cover in drylands under climate change
Authors: Baldauf Selina , Porada Philipp , Raggio José , Maestre Fernando T. , Tietjen Britta
Published: November 2020

Manipulative experiments typically show a decrease in dryland biocrust cover and altered species composition under climate change. Biocrust‐forming lichens, such as the globally distributed Diploschistes diacapsis, are particularly affected and show a decrease in cover with simulated climate change. However, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood, and long‐term interacting effects of different drivers are largely unknown due to the short‐term nature of the experimental studies conducted so far.

We addressed this gap and successfully parameterised a process‐based model for D. diacapsis to quantify how changing atmospheric CO2, temperature, rainfall amount and relative humidity affect its photosynthetic activity and cover. We also mimicked a long‐term manipulative climate change experiment to understand the mechanisms underlying observed patterns in the field.

The model reproduced observed experimental findings: warming reduced lichen cover, whereas less rainfall had no effect on lichen performance. This warming effect was caused by the associated decrease in relative humidity and non‐rainfall water inputs, which are major water sources for biocrust‐forming lichens. Warming alone, however, increased cover because higher temperatures promoted photosynthesis during early morning hours with high lichen activity. When combined, climate variables showed non‐additive effects on lichen cover, and effects of increased CO2 levelled off with decreasing levels of relative humidity.

Synthesis. Our results show that a decrease in relative humidity, rather than an increase in temperature, may be the key factor for the survival of the lichen D. diacapsis under climate change and that effects of increased CO2 levels might be offset by a reduction in non‐rainfall water inputs in the future. Because of a global trend towards warmer and drier air and the widespread global distribution of D. diacapsis, this will affect lichen‐dominated dryland biocrust communities and their role in regulating ecosystem functions worldwide.
Does innovation stimulate performance? The case of small and medium enterprises in regional Australia
Authors: Alam Khorshed , Adeyinka Adewuyi A.
Published: November 2020

Researchers have mostly estimated the performance–innovation nexus as a one‐way relationship at macro levels. However, the possibility of reverse causality has not yet been given the attention it deserves. In this study, we consider the adoption of information and communication technology (ICT) to innovate processes, products, marketing and organisations among small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in the Western Downs region of Queensland, Australia. We employed a simultaneous equation model to capture the joint determination. The results indicate the existence of a feedback effect on the performance–innovation relationship. Specifically, the effect of innovation can be attributed to marketing and organisational innovation. The use of ICT strategies and the Internet for business purposes have a significant effect on the performance of SMEs. A change mindset is also strongly related to using the Internet to search for business opportunities, while mindset and usage have some effect on innovation, particularly when the performance is not endogenous. Finally, the agricultural sector is found to lag in performance and innovation relative to the non‐agricultural sector. Previous models might have misspecified the performance–innovation relationship because the simultaneity bias was not accounted for; a situation that could mislead policy decisions. This study provides new empirical evidence on location‐specific research for strategic interventions.
Therapeutic exercises and rehabilitation in axial spondyloarthropathy: Balancing benefits with unique challenges in the Asia‐Pacific countries
Authors: Das Parthajit , Haldar Rathindranath , Santhanam Sham , Ravindran Vinod
Published: November 2020

The burden of axial spondyloarthropathy (axSpA) in the Asia‐Pacific region is substantial. The management of axSpA has been revolutionized with the advent of biological therapy where the disease activity, functional disability and negative psychological affect can be mitigated to a great extent. On the other hand, exercise remains an essential component of the treatment of axSpA at all stages, which is often discounted or underused. This is compounded by a gap in demand and supply between increasing number patients with axSpA and paucity of trained specialists and rehabilitation personnel in the Asia‐Pacific countries. The acceptability and uptake of therapeutic exercise is strikingly poor in this region because of multiple factors such as lack of awareness among health professionals and the general population, poor healthcare infrastructure, lack of resources and limited accessibility to rehabilitation services. Health authorities and professional bodies in these countries need to work in tandem to expand healthcare facilities, encourage training opportunities and promote safe and effective exercise interventions which is accessible to the general population and individuals with axSpA. Adequate patient education, optimum control of disease activity and strict adherence to therapeutic exercise is essential to predict the best clinical outcome. In this narrative review we have appraised the impact of therapeutic exercise in this era of biological therapies in axSpA and have explored the challenges of rehabilitation services in the Asia‐Pacific countries. Overall, the available quality of evidence is mixed, acknowledging the beneficial role of exercise and optimum usage and protocols pertaining to axSpA specific exercises and therefore further research is warranted.
Outcomes of catheter‐directed interventions in high‐risk pulmonary embolism‐a retrospective analysis
Authors: Einarsson Freyr , Sandström Charlotte , Svennerholm Kristina , Oras Jonatan , Rylander Christian
Published: November 2020

Background

First‐line treatment of high‐risk pulmonary embolism with persistent hypotension and/or signs of shock is intravenous thrombolysis. However, if thrombolysis is contraindicated due to risk of serious bleeding, or if it yields insufficient effect, surgical thrombectomy or catheter‐directed intervention (CDI) plus anticoagulation is recommended. The aim of this study was to assess the outcomes of the CDI modality introduced in a tertiary referral centre in 2013.

Methods

Retrospective comparison between patients treated with CDI plus anticoagulation (n = 22) and patients treated with anticoagulation only (n = 23) as used before the CDI technique was available. The main outcomes of interest were 90‐day survival and reduction of right to left ventricle diameter (RV/LV) ratio, using the Fischer's exact test and a mixed model, respectively, for statistical analysis.

Results

Ninety‐day survival was 59% after CDI and 61% after anticoagulation only; P = .903. The rate of RV/LV ratio reduction was 0.4 units higher per 24 hours in the CDI group (median 2.1 pre‐treatment), than in the anticoagulation only group (median 1.3 pre‐treatment); P = .007.

Conclusion

In patients with high‐risk pulmonary embolism, 90‐day survival was similar after treatment with CDI plus anticoagulation compared to anticoagulation only. The mean reduction in RV/LV ratio was larger in the CDI group. Our results support the use of CDI in selected patients, respecting the limitations and potential side effects of each technical device used.
Prevalence and patterns of hospital use for people with frequent alcohol‐related hospital admissions, compared to non‐alcohol and non‐frequent admissions: a cohort study using routine administrative hospital data
Authors: Blackwood Rosalind , Lynskey Michael , Drummond Colin
Published: November 2020

Aims

This study compared prevalence and hospital use among individuals frequently admitted to hospital in England with wholly attributable alcohol‐related diagnoses (WAAD), known as alcohol‐related frequent attenders (ARFAs), with those of non‐alcohol frequent attenders (NAFAs), non‐frequent alcohol attenders (ARNFAs) and non‐alcohol non‐frequent attenders (NANFAs).

Design

Cross‐sectional and longitudinal analyses of 5 years of England's Hospital Episode Statistics (HES).

Setting

Hospital inpatients in England, UK, 2011–16.

Participants

Two cohorts (2011/12 = 489 580/7 654 944 patients and 2015/16 = 490 384/7 660 108 patients) were selected from all adult patients aged ≥ 18 years, treated in English hospitals between 1 April 2011 and 31 March 2016. Patients were categorized as having alcohol‐related admissions if diagnoses included a WAAD (ICD‐10 classification, WHO, 2016) and frequent admissions if they had more than three hospital admissions during a single HES year.

Measurements

Prevalence of ARFA, number of admissions (spells), occupied bed‐days (OBDs), average length of stay (ALOS) and total admission costs over 5 years were compared among ARFAs, ARNFAs, NAFAs and NANFAs.

Findings

On average, 0.7% of people admitted to hospital per annum in England 2011–15 were ARFAs and more than a quarter of all frequent attenders (for all causes) to hospitals had a wholly attributable alcohol diagnosis on admission. ARFAs had longer ALOS than the other patient groups [5.55 days versus ARNFA 4.7, NAFA 3.39 and NANFA 2.57 days, F = 1088.37 (3, 488 570, P < 0.001)] in the 2015/16 index year; but fewer spells than NAFAs [5.38 ARFAs versus 5.98 NAFAs, F = 20 536.25 (3, 490 380) P < 0.001]. The ARFA cohort reduced in size (from 51 934 ARFAs to 20 548) in the course of 5 years. ARFAs had the highest average total cost of admissions per person over 5 years at £38 189.

Conclusions

People with repeated admissions for alcohol‐related problems in England appear to be a high‐cost, high‐need, complex group of patients that makes up more than a quarter of the country's alcohol admissions.
A cluster randomized controlled trial evaluating the effectiveness of the school‐based drug prevention program #Tamojunto2.0
Authors: Sanchez Zila M. , Valente Juliana Y. , Galvão Patricia P. , Gubert Fabiane A. , Melo Márcia H. S. , Caetano Sheila C. , Mari Jair J. , Cogo‐Moreira Hugo
Published: November 2020

Aims

The study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the government school‐based program #Tamojunto2.0, the third Brazilian version of the European drug prevention program, Unplugged, in preventing the use of alcohol and other drugs.

Design

A parallel, two‐arm cluster randomized controlled trial was conducted in 205 classes in 73 public schools (37 intervention and 36 control) with a baseline assessment and follow‐up after 9 months.

Setting

Schools in the cities of São Paulo, Fortaleza and Eusebio in Brazil.

Participants

A total of 5208 students in the 8th grade with a mean age of 13.2 years (standard deviation = 0.8 years) and an equal gender ratio.

Intervention

In 2019, the intervention group attended 12 classes of the program #Tamojunto2.0, under the supervision of a team from the Ministry of Health. The control group did not receive any intervention to prevent alcohol and drug use.

Measurements

The primary outcome measured was prevalence of binge drinking (five or more doses of alcohol in an occasion) within the past month. Secondary outcomes were prevalence of initiation and use of alcohol, tobacco, inhalants, marijuana and cocaine within the past month.

Findings

A statistically significant difference was not found in the prevalence of binge drinking within the past month between intervention and control groups [odds ratio (OR) = 0.934; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.761–1.146]. However, students who were exposed to the program were less likely to initiate alcohol use than those in the control group (OR = 0.782; 95% CI = 0.636–0.961). The Bayes factor for reduction in binge drinking was 0.01, providing evidence in favor of the null hypothesis for this variable.

Conclusions

The drug prevention program #Tamojunto 2.0 reduced alcohol initiation, but appeared not to reduce past‐month binge drinking among 8th grade students in Brazil.
Mercurial Hearts: A Dyadic Perspective on the Role of Affect Spin in Work‐Family Conflict and Marital Satisfaction
Authors: Yang Tao , Dahm Patricia C.
Published: November 2020

Affect spin, or the dispositional maladaptive tendency to experience qualitatively shifting affective states over time, has attracted growing interest in organizational scholarship. We take a first step to extend affect spin research to the work‐family interface. Drawing on the theoretical framework of personality in the stress process and family systems theory, we examine affect spin as a novel predictor of marital satisfaction and as a boundary condition for the interpersonal crossover of work‐family conflict (WFC) to marital satisfaction. A sample of 201 dual‐earner couples (402 participants) provided 7,533 experience sampling responses of affective states at home over 7 days, based on which we compute affect spin. Results from dyadic multilevel modeling suggest that individuals’ own affect spin not only takes a toll on their marital satisfaction but also exacerbates the negative crossover of spouses’ WFC to individuals’ marital satisfaction. In contrast, spouses’ affect spin does not predict individuals’ marital satisfaction nor does it impact the crossover effect of spouses’ WFC, suggesting individuals’ own affect spin, compared to spouses’ affect spin, is more consequential for marital well‐being. These findings underscore the challenge that affect spin presents for employees to tackle work‐family stressors and secure marital well‐being.
Determinants of Corporate Bankruptcy: Evidence from Chaebol and Non‐Chaebol Firms in Korea
Authors: Kim Jounghyeon
Published: November 2020

Using a panel dataset for the period of 1991–2001, the present paper explores the significant determinants that indicate the likelihood of bankruptcy for chaebol and non‐chaebol firms in Korea, and identifies the differences in the determinants between the two types of firms, with an emphasis on their ownership and financial structures. Logit bankruptcy regressions show that largest shareholder ownership (i.e. ownership concentration) is likely to act as a corporate governance mechanism in reducing bankruptcy risk and that financial stability, operating experience and firm size are also important. In separate regressions for chaebol and non‐chaebol firms, foreign ownership for chaebol firms and ownership concentration for non‐chaebol firms emerge as significantly positive and negative bankruptcy determinants, respectively. In particular, bank ownership is identified as a positive factor for chaebol firms and a negative factor for non‐chaebol firms. These outcomes suggest that ownership concentration and bank ownership are likely to play a monitoring role in lowering bankruptcy risk for non‐chaebol firms. Outcomes from more elaborate estimations also suggest that overall, bank ownership enhances the monitoring role as a substitute for low foreign ownership.
Medication‐related osteonecrosis of the jaw: Analysing the range of implicated drugs from the Australian database of adverse event notifications
Authors: Teoh Leanne , Moses Geraldine , Nguyen Amanda P. , McCullough Michael J.
Published: November 2020

Aims

Medication‐related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) is an uncommon but potentially debilitating condition, characterised by nonhealing jawbone, with or without mucosal exposure, in the presence of certain drugs. Those already strongly associated with MRONJ include antiresorptives denosumab and bisphosphonates; however, a growing range of other non‐antiresorptive drugs is implicated. The aim of this study was to analyse all case reports of MRONJ submitted to the publicly available Database of Adverse Event Notification from the Therapeutic Goods Administration in Australia.

Methods

The Therapeutic Goods Administration was contacted on 6 January 2020 and asked for all reports containing the words “osteonecrosis of the jaw”. This was provided in a spreadsheet of de‐identified reports received from commencement of the database in 1971 until 1 October 2019.

Results

The drugs implicated in the 419 cases were divided by established drugs with MRONJ and secondary drugs that possibly contribute to MRONJ development. While the majority of cases were associated with denosumab or bisphosphonates (n = 405), there were 14 reports where secondary agents that directly or indirectly affect bone turnover, were also implicated. Some of these secondary drugs, including adalimumab, etanercept, methotrexate and rituximab have previously been associated with MRONJ in published case reports.

Conclusions

This study contributes to the sparse but growing literature associating an increasing number of drugs with MRONJ, and underscores the importance of considering all possible drugs that elevate a patient's MRONJ risk.
A novel G protein‐biased agonist at the μ opioid receptor induces substantial receptor desensitisation through G protein‐coupled receptor kinase
Authors: Groom Sam , Blum Nina K. , Conibear Alexandra E. , Disney Alexander , Hill Rob , Husbands Stephen M. , Li Yangmei , Toll Lawrence , Kliewer Andrea , Schulz Stefan , Henderson Graeme , Kelly Eamonn , Bailey Chris P.
Published: November 2020

Background and Purpose

G protein‐biased μ opioid receptor agonists have the potential to induce less receptor desensitisation and tolerance than balanced opioids. Here, we investigated if the cyclic endomorphin analogue Tyr‐c[D‐Lys‐Phe‐Tyr‐Gly] (Compound 1) is a G protein‐biased μ agonist and characterised its ability to induce rapid receptor desensitisation in mammalian neurones.

Experimental Approach

The signalling and trafficking properties of opioids were characterised using bioluminescence resonance energy transfer assays, enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay and phosphosite‐specific immunoblotting in human embryonic kidney 293 cells. Desensitisation of opioid‐induced currents were studied in rat locus coeruleus neurones using whole‐cell patch‐clamp electrophysiology. The mechanism of Compound 1‐induced μ receptor desensitisation was probed using kinase inhibitors.

Key Results

Compound 1 has similar intrinsic activity for G protein signalling as morphine. As predicted for a G protein‐biased μ agonist, Compound 1 induced minimal agonist‐induced internalisation and phosphorylation at intracellular μ receptor serine/threonine residues known to be involved in G protein‐coupled receptor kinase (GRK)‐mediated desensitisation. However, Compound 1 induced robust rapid μ receptor desensitisation in locus coeruleus neurons, to a greater degree than morphine. The extent of Compound 1‐induced desensitisation was unaffected by activation or inhibition of protein kinase C (PKC) but was significantly reduced by inhibition of GRK.

Conclusion and Implications

Compound 1 is a novel G protein‐biased μ agonist that induces substantial rapid receptor desensitisation in mammalian neurons. Surprisingly, Compound 1‐induced desensitisation was demonstrated to be GRK dependent despite its G protein bias. Our findings refute the assumption that G protein‐biased agonists will evade receptor desensitisation and tolerance.

LINKED ARTICLES

This article is part of a themed issue on Advances in Opioid Pharmacology at the Time of the Opioid Epidemic. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v180.7/issuetoc
Psychological drivers of risk‐reducing behaviors to limit human–wildlife conflict
Authors: Lischka Stacy A. , Teel Tara L. , Johnson Heather E. , Larson Courtney , Breck Stewart , Crooks Kevin
Published: November 2020

Conflicts between people and wild animals are increasing globally, often with serious consequences for both. Local regulations or ordinances are frequently used to promote human behaviors that minimize these conflicts (risk‐reducing behaviors), but compliance with ordinances can be highly variable. While efforts to increase compliance could be improved through applications of conservation psychology, little is known about the relative influence of different factors motivating compliance. Using concepts from psychology and risk theory, we conducted a longitudinal study pairing data from mail surveys with direct observations of compliance with a wildlife ordinance requiring residents to secure residential garbage from black bears (Ursus americanus). We assessed the relative influence of beliefs and attitudes toward bears and bear proofing, perceived behavioral control, perceived risks and benefits assigned to bears, norms, trust in management, previous experience with conflicts, and demographics on compliance behavior (i.e., bear proofing). Data on previous experience were obtained through direct observation and survey reports. We found that higher compliance rates were associated with more observed conflicts on a respondent's block. Counter to expectations, however, residents were less compliant when they were more trusting of the management agency and perceived more benefits from bears. We suggest that messages have the potential to increase compliance when they empower residents by linking successful management of conflicts to individual actions and emphasize how reducing conflicts could maintain benefits provided by wildlife. Modifying existing educational materials to account for these psychological considerations and evaluating their impact on compliance behavior over time are important next steps in changing human behaviors relevant to the globally important problem of human‐wildlife conflict.
Effect of decision rules in choice experiments on hunting and bushmeat trade
Authors: Nielsen Martin Reinhardt , Jacobsen Jette Bredahl
Published: November 2020

Providing insight on decisions to hunt and trade bushmeat can facilitate improved management interventions that typically include enforcement, alternative employment, and donation of livestock. Conservation interventions to regulate bushmeat hunting and trade have hitherto been based on assumptions of utility‐ (i.e., personal benefits) maximizing behavior, which influences the types of incentives designed. However, if individuals instead strive to minimize regret, interventions may be misguided. We tested support for 3 hypotheses regarding decision rules through a choice experiment in Tanzania. We estimated models based on the assumptions of random utility maximization (RUM) and pure random regret maximization (P‐RRM) and combinations thereof. One of these models had an attribute‐specific decision rule and another had a class‐specific decision rule. The RUM model outperformed the P‐RRM model, but the attribute‐specific model performed better. Allowing respondents with different decision rules and preference heterogeneity within each decision rule in a class‐specific model performed best, revealing that 55% of the sample used a P‐RRM decision rule. Individuals using a P‐RRM decision rule responded less to enforcement, salary, and livestock donation than did individuals using the RUM decision rule. Hence, 3 common strategies, enforcement, alternative income‐generating activities, and providing livestock as a substitute protein, are likely less effective in changing the behavior of more than half of respondents. Only salary elicited a large (i.e. elastic) response, and only for one RUM class. Policies to regulate the bushmeat trade based solely on the assumption of individuals maximizing utility, may fail for a significant proportion of the sample. Despite the superior performance of models that allow both RUM and P‐RRM decision rules there are drawbacks that must be considered before use in the Global South, where very little is known about the social–psychology of decision making.
An agenda for research and action toward diverse and just futures for life on Earth
Authors: Wyborn C. , Montana J. , Kalas N. , Clement S. , Davila F. , Knowles N. , Louder E. , Balan M. , Chambers J. , Christel L. , Forsyth T. , Henderson G. , Izquierdo Tort S. , Lim M. , Martinez‐Harms M. J. , Merçon J. , Nuesiri E. , Pereira L. , Pilbeam V. , Turnhout E. , Wood S. , Ryan M.
Published: November 2020

Decades of research and policy interventions on biodiversity have insufficiently addressed the dual issues of biodiversity degradation and social justice. New approaches are therefore needed. We devised a research and action agenda that calls for a collective task of revisiting biodiversity toward the goal of sustaining diverse and just futures for life on Earth. Revisiting biodiversity involves critically reflecting on past and present research, policy, and practice concerning biodiversity to inspire creative thinking about the future. The agenda was developed through a 2‐year dialogue process that involved close to 300 experts from diverse disciplines and locations. This process was informed by social science insights that show biodiversity research and action is underpinned by choices about how problems are conceptualized. Recognizing knowledge, action, and ethics as inseparable, we synthesized a set of principles that help navigate the task of revisiting biodiversity. The agenda articulates 4 thematic areas for future research. First, researchers need to revisit biodiversity narratives by challenging conceptualizations that exclude diversity and entrench the separation of humans, cultures, economies, and societies from nature. Second, researchers should focus on the relationships between the Anthropocene, biodiversity, and culture by considering humanity and biodiversity as tied together in specific contexts. Third, researchers should focus on nature and economies by better accounting for the interacting structures of economic and financial systems as core drivers of biodiversity loss. Finally, researchers should enable transformative biodiversity research and action by reconfiguring relationships between human and nonhuman communities in and through science, policy, and practice. Revisiting biodiversity necessitates a renewed focus on dialogue among biodiversity communities and beyond that critically reflects on the past to channel research and action toward fostering just and diverse futures for human and nonhuman life on Earth.
MicroRNA‐223 in gastrointestinal cancers: A systematic review and diagnostic meta‐analysis
Authors: Aalami Amir Hossein , Abdeahad Hossein , Mesgari Mohammad , Sahebkar Amirhossein
Published: November 2020

Background

Several studies have been conducted on the diagnostic role of miR‐223 in cancers related to the digestive system. However, the diagnostic role of this microRNA in gastrointestinal (GI) cancers has not been fully elucidated. This meta‐analysis aimed to accurately assess the diagnostic role of circulating miR‐223 in GI cancers.

Methods

A literature search was performed in PubMed/Medline, Science Direct, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Embase and Scopus, up to 1st May 2020 databases. Twelve studies were eligible and included in the analysis. Meta‐Disc software was used to calculate the pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio, diagnostic odds ratio, area under the curve (AUC) and the summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) based on true positive, true negative, false negative and false positive for each gastrointestinal cancer separately and in total.

Results

Twelve case‐control studies were included with 1859 participants (1080 cases and 779 controls). Pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio and diagnostic odds ratio were 0.77 (95% CI: 0.74‐0.79), 0.75 (95% CI: 0.72‐0.78), 3.04 (95% CI: 2.20‐4.18), 0.31 (95% CI: 0.22‐0.42) and 10.77 (95% CI: 5.96‐19.47), respectively. AUC was 0.83, suggesting a high‐grade diagnostic precision of miR‐223 in gastrointestinal cancers. Besides, subgroup analyses were performed to assess the diagnostic power of miR‐223 based on the type of gastrointestinal cancer, sample type and country via calculating pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio and diagnostic odds ratio.

Conclusion

Our meta‐analysis showed the value of circulating miR‐223 levels in the early diagnosis of diverse digestive system carcinomas.
Horizontal and vertical dispersal capacity and effects of fluorescent marking on Lycorma delicatula nymphs and adults
Authors: Nixon Laura J. , Ludwick Dalton C. , Leskey Tracy C.
Published: November 2020

The invasive spotted lanternfly, Lycorma delicatula White (Hemiptera: Fulgoridae), is a destructive phloem feeder with a broad host range that appears to narrow as they reach the adult stage. Little is known about how this invasive insect disperses among host plants or how far they may move to reach them. Here, we measured vertical climbing and horizontal jumping capacity and evaluated the effect of fluorescent marking powders on mobility and survivorship of L. delicatula nymphs and adults. All nymphal instars climbed significantly longer vertical distances compared with adults, whereas early adults (pre‐oviposition period) jumped longer horizontal distances compared with nymphs or late adults (oviposition period) based on single jump measurements. Marking nymphs and adults with fluorescent powder had no significant effect on vertical or horizontal movement and did not affect the survivorship of nymphs or adults. Our results indicate that L. delicatula nymphs can easily move among host plants, and that marking L. delicatula nymphs and adults with florescent powder serves as an acceptable means to measure their dispersal in the environment.
Schizotypy and help‐seeking for anxiety
Authors: Blanch Sheree , Barkus Emma
Published: November 2020

Background

Delays in help‐seeking for anxiety are common; however, earlier interventions improve long‐term outcomes. This holds importance for high schizotypes since anxiety relates to psychotic symptom development. The study investigated whether schizotypal traits and anxiety itself influence help‐seeking behaviour.

Methods

A non‐clinical student sample (N = 800) completed the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire, Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale and General Help‐Seeking Questionnaire, vignette version online.

Results

Recognizing another's help need was associated with lower anxiety scores. A trend was observed between lower schizotypy scores and better recognition of self‐need for help. Actual help‐seekers (N = 163) had significantly higher schizotypy and anxiety scores than non‐help‐seekers.

Conclusion

Schizotypal traits independently contribute to delays in help‐seeking for anxiety. Approaching informal help sources whom also have anxiety symptoms can delay formal help‐seeking, unless they have sought help themselves.
Better law‐making and the interinstitutional (dis)agreements: Some comments
Authors: Martínez Iglesias María José
Published: November 2020

This work argues that there is no univocal interpretation of what regulatory policy is and pursues. Taking the strategy of the European Commission as a starting point only, it addresses more specifically the Union legislature's perspective, which, in a democratic decision‐making process, cannot compromise its autonomy. In the unique constitutional universe of the European Union, the “Better Law‐Making” agenda pursues an important additional objective: facilitating the very process of adopting legislation by means of interinstitutional conflict prevention mechanisms and through a common approach to interpretation and implementation of primary law. That is the main purpose of the Interinstitutional Agreements on the quality of legislation, which place them in the position of a sort of soft constitutional law.