bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mutable Observation Used by Television Drone Pilots: Efficiency of Aerial Filming Regarding the Quality of Completed Shots
Authors: Borowik Grzegorz , Kożdoń-Dębecka Monika , Strzelecki Sebastian
Published: November 2022

Drones, as mobile media of the present day, increase the operational and narrative capabilities of television and accelerate the logistics of shooting. Unmanned aerial vehicles with a camera properly steered by a pilot are able, to some extent, to replace a jimmy jib/crane and a dolly; basic technical devices, used in the studios, enabling the creation of narrative systems of pictures in film and television. Television is more and more often using drone footage to report events, broadcast live, as well as create coverage and television documentaries. In many productions the pilot of the drone simultaneously acts as the drone camera operator, which can improve the effectiveness of shooting, but also carries some risk related to flight safety. The article describes and presents in the form of processed footage the real conditional ties of a Visual Line of Sight (VLOS) flight faced by pilots filming with a drone. VLOS is a type of air operation, which requires maintaining eye contact with the drone. In many countries a drone visibility flight is legally sanctioned as VLOS Operation. An experiment was conducted to investigate the interactions between a human and a machine in airspace steered using a controller with a touchscreen. The drone pilot was considered an integral part of the drone’s flight system control Experimental data was collected with the use of a mobile eye-tracker, video cameras, surveys and pilot declarations. During the experiment, eight television drone pilot operators recaptured a model shot under the regime of VLOS flight at low altitude. They all show that both advanced and beginner pilots did not look at the UAV for over half the time of shot execution. The experiment allowed establishing two coefficients related to the effectiveness of a VLOS flight aiming at filming from the drone. The results point to clear differences in screen perception styles used by drone television pilots.. The coefficients were described in the form of mathematical formulas and their limit values were determined. The research also determines the limits of pilots’ perception, within which they are able to film with a drone. The outcomes may help to optimize the process of aerial filming with the use of a drone, carried out for television, film and other media, as well as in a simulation of such a flight for research and training. From the perspective of media science and social communication, the presented study included a technological component that can be accessed through information science, using statistical models and variable distributions. Media scholars can study the impact of the media without having to look into the metaphorical black box. Computer science opens up this possibility.
Combined Axillary Block with Spinal Block Anaesthesia
Authors: Radiansyah Arsil , Sitepu John Frans , Bisono Luwih
Published: November 2022

Background:  Patients undergoing upper limb trauma surgery have reported various benefits of regional anesthesia over general anesthesia, including better perioperative analgesia, less opiate use, less postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV), and a shorter post-anesthesia care period. ……………………………..
 Case Illustration: We reported an evaluation of 72 years old, 165 cm height and 60 kg weight male patient who was planned for open reduction and internal fixation surgery for neglected left radius ulna close fracture and left neglected tibia fibula close fracture that he was beneath follow-up for hypertension (HT), and was using antihypertensive drugs. Preoperative risk of the patient was assessed as with American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) with score 3.General anesthesia would be unsafe due to geriatric issue, cardiovascular problem and delayed surgery term, we chosed to utilize combine axillary block with spinal block. we utilized USG guided infusion procedure in arrange to diminish local anesthetic dosage, and minimize error. During surgical procedure there is no hypotension, bradycardia or decreased oxygen saturation. Surgical anesthesia occurred in left hand within 20 minutes after drug delivery and 10 minutes in lower extremity. Surgery complications was not reported particularly related to vascular punction or adjacent anesthetic and nerve block applications. No complaint was detailed from the patient who was watched for 12 hours after the surgery.

Conclusion: Peripheral nerve block and neuraxial block, when utilized appropriately in combination, appear be able to supplant common anesthesia within the larger part of case.
The Flow Cytometry Study of Cellular Immunity in Rhesus Monkeys after Experimental Infection with SARS CoV 2 Virus
Authors: Borisevich G. V. , Kirillova S. L. , Shatokhina I. V. , Lebedev V. N. , Solov’ev S. S. , Syromyatnikova S. I. , Shagarova N. V. , Boyarskaya N. V. , Levkovich N. G. , Solyanik D. A. , Andrus A. F. , Rubtsov V. V. , Krotkov V. T. , Kulish V. S. , Surovyatkina I. V. , Kirillov V. B. , Koval’chuk A. V. , Pantyukhov V. B. , Kutaev D. A. , Borisevich S. V.
Published: November 2022

Cellular immunity plays an important role in the pathogenesis and formation of protective immune defense against the SARS‑CoV‑2 virus.

The aim of the work was to study the cellular immunity of rhesus monkeys applying flow cytometry after experimental infection with the SARS‑CoV‑2 virus.

Materials and methods. Male rhesus monkeys were intranasally inoculated with the SARS‑CoV‑2 virus, Isolate B strain and hCoV-19/Russia/SP48-1226/2020 strain (abbreviated name U-2), at a dose of 5.0 lg PFU. Using flow cytometry, the levels of 21 populations/subpopulations of mononuclear cells in the peripheral blood of animals were determined before experimental infection with the pathogen and on day 14 after infection. SARS‑CoV‑2 coronavirus RNA was assessed using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Determination of the titer of virus-neutralizing antibodies to the SARS‑CoV‑2 virus in the blood sera of animals was conducted through neutralization test evaluating the ability to suppress negative colonies.

Results and discussion. Infection with Isolate B strain culture has led to an increase in the relative content of total T-lymphocytes (p˂0.2), cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (p˂0.1), as well as monocytes expressing the early activation marker CD25 (p˂0.2). The decrease in levels has been observed for total B-lymphocytes (p˂0.2) and T-helper cells (p˂0.1). Infection with the U-2 strain culture revealed an increase in the relative content of monocytes expressing the early activation marker CD25 (p˂0.2). Thus, for the first time in the Russian Federation, flow cytometry was used to study the cellular immunity of rhesus monkeys before and after experimental infection with the SARS‑CoV‑2 virus. The obtained information can be used for studying the pathogenesis of SARS‑CoV‑2 infection, course, and outcome of the disease, and developing strategies for vaccination and treatment.
In silico Research at the Stages of Designing Modern Means for Prevention of Plague (by the Example of Subunit Vaccines)
Authors: Budanova A. A. , Shchukovskaya T. N.
Published: November 2022

The purpose of this review was to analyze the findings of domestic and foreign researchers on the development of modern drugs for the specific prevention of plague and to illustrate the possibilities of using bioinformatics analysis at the design stages to create an effective and safe vaccine. Work on the creation of an effective new-generation plague vaccine is hampered by several factors associated primarily with the presence of mechanisms of evasion from the immune system of the macroorganism, as well as a large number of pathogenicity determinants in the plague agent. Due to the development of approaches that are based on in silico studies, there is a progressive development of vaccine technologies oriented primarily to the use of the most important immunogens of the plague microbe (F1 and V antigen). Studies aimed at improving the antigenic properties of F1 and LcrV, as well as work on bioinformatic search and analysis of additional promising components to be included in the composition of subunit vaccines are considered as topical applications of bioinformatics data analysis in developing the tools for enhancing the effectiveness of protection through vaccination with subunit preparations.
Investigating demotivation factors of esp learners during covid-19 pandemic: A mixed-method study
Authors: Adara Reza Anggriyashati
Published: November 2022

Demotivation factors of ESP students need to be analyzed so that teachers and researchers can provide better approaches to teach them, especially during trying times such as Covid-19 pandemic. Thus, the present study aims to analyze demotivation factors of a group of ESP learners during Covid-19 pandemic. In order to obtain its data, the present study applies a sequential explanatory method. A set of questionnaires were distributed to 48 respondents and semi-structured interviews were conducted to five respondents. The results show that the most salient factors which demotivate the respondents are teachers’ competence and teaching styles as well as inadequate school facilities. On the other hand, lack of intrinsic motivation is shown to be the least salient demotivation factor. The results of present study suggest that the respondents seemed to be demotivated because teaching styles and learning materials are perceived as unsuitable for their needs to improve their English skills and future careers as engineers. In addition, online learning was perceived by the respondents as less ideals to teach English despite their intrinsic motivation to learn English for their personal as well as career gains in the future. Possible solutions are also discussed in the present study.
Kelayakan Finansial dan Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Pendapatan Petani Jagung Hibrida di Nusa Tenggara Barat dan Sumatera Utara
Authors: Ramadhan Rizky Prayogo , Purwanto Oky Dwi , Wardana I Putu , Adnyana Made Oka
Published: November 2022

Kebutuhan jagung di dalam negeri meningkat setiap tahun seiring dengan bertambahnya jumlah penduduk serta berkembangnya industri pangan dan pakan. Salah satu upaya untuk memenuhi kebutuhan jagung adalah meningkatkan produksi nasional melalui penggunaan varietas unggul jagung hibrida. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kelayakan finansial dan tingkat pendapatan usaha tani jagung hibrida serta faktor yang mempengaruhi sehingga dapat mendorong minat para petani menggunakan varietas unggul jagung hibrida. Penelitian dilakukan pada tahun 2019 di Nusa Tenggara Barat dan Sumatera Utara dengan melibatkan 115 responden. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan usaha tani jagung hibrida layak secara finansial. Tingkat R/C ratio petani kooperator adalah 1,48 dan B/C ratio 0,48, sedangkan petani nonkooperator memiliki tingkat R/C ratio 1,34 dengan B/C ratio 0,34. Pendapatan usaha tani petani kooperator mencapai Rp23.699.300/ha, lebih besar 3,8% dibandingkan dengan petani nonkooperator Rp22.810.400/ha. Tingkat keuntungan usaha tani petani kooperator adalah Rp7.735.700,00/ha, lebih besar 33,1% dibandingkan dengan petani nonkooperator Rp5.814.200,00/ha. Model regresi menunjukkan variabel produktivitas, harga jual, dan biaya pascapanen jagung berpengaruh positif terhadap peningkatan pendapatan usaha tani. Sebaliknya, pendapatan usaha tani akan menurun sejalan dengan biaya yang dikeluarkan untuk pembelian pupuk urea. Upaya yang` perlu dilakukan ke depan sebagai implikasi kebijakan diantaranya 1) subsidi input produksi; 2) pendampingan secara intensif bagi para petani, terutama pada tahap pascapanen dengan memanfaatkan penyuluh pertanian; dan 3) peningkatan penggunaan varietas unggul hibrida untuk meningkatkan produktivitas usaha tani jagung.
Life-Cycle Production Optimization of the CO2-Water-Alternating-Gas Injection Process Using Least-Squares Support-Vector Regression Proxy
Authors: Almasov Azad , Onur Mustafa
Published: November 2022

In this study, we present a framework for efficient estimation of the optimal carbon dioxide (CO2)-water-alternating-gas (WAG) parameters for robust production-optimization problems by replacing a high-fidelity model with a least-squares support-vector regression (LS-SVR) model. We provide insight and information on the proper selection of feature space and training samples of the LS-SVR proxy model for the CO2-WAG life cycle production optimization problem. Given a set of training points generated from high-fidelity model-based simulation results, an LS-SVR-based proxy model is built to approximate a reservoir-simulation model. The estimated optimal design parameters are then found by maximizing net present value (NPV) using the LS-SVR proxy as the forward model within an iterative-sampling-refinement (ISR) optimization algorithm that is designed specifically to promote the accuracy of the proxy model for robust production optimization. As an optimization tool, the sequential quadratic programming (SQP) method is used. CO2-WAG design variables are CO2 injection and water injection rates for each injection well at each cycle, production bottomhole pressure (BHP) for each production well at each WAG half-cycle, and inflow control valve (ICV) for each well at each WAG half-cycle and at each valve. We study different scenarios where we fix some of the design variables to investigate the importance of design variables on the life cycle production optimization of the CO2-WAG problem. We compare the performance of the proposed method using the LS-SVR runs with the popular stochastic simplex approximate gradient (StoSAG) and reservoir simulation runs for a synthetic example considering a three-layer, channelized reservoir with four injectors and nine producers. Results show that with the properly selected feature space and training points, the proposed LS-SVR-based ISR optimization framework is at least 1.5–8 times computationally more efficient, depending on the cases considered, than the StoSAG using a high-fidelity numerical simulator. However, we observe that the size and sampling of the training data, as well as the selection of well controls and their bound constraints for the well controls, seem to be influential on the performance of the LS-SVR-based optimization method. This is the first LS-SVR application to the CO2-WAG optimal well-control problem. The proposed LS-SVR-based ISR optimization framework has the potential to be used as an efficient tool for the CO2-WAG optimization problem.
Middle East Capital Projects Struggle with Schedule Performance
Authors: Kiomjian Daoud , Gachter Rolando
Published: November 2022

Schedule predictability has always been a problematic aspect of capital projects. This is particularly true for the GCC region, as IPA's data indicate that execution durations are typically longer than planned in the quickly developing region. Longer execution durations become particularly problematic for oil and gas projects, a predominant industry for projects in the GCC. The number of oil and gas projects in the GCC will likely grow due to the current boom in oil prices. Hydrocarbon projects will also have higher global visibility as some National Oil Companies are becoming public entities and planning such projects will put them under more scrutiny. In this work, we will explore scheduling practices driving oil and gas projects in the GCC region. We will particularly focus on the factors falling within the control of organizations and project teams.
Central-line associated bloodstream infections in intensive care units before and after implementation of daily antiseptic bathing with chlorhexidine or octenidine - A post-hoc analysis of a cluster-randomised controlled trial
Authors: Denkel Luisa Anna , Schwab Frank , Clausmeyer Jörg , Behnke Michael , Golembus Jennifer , Wolke Solvy , Gastmeier Petra , Geffers Christine
Published: November 2022

Backgrounds: Antiseptic bathing did not reduce central-line (CL) associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) rates in intensive care units (ICU) according to a recent cluster randomised controlled trial (cRCT). However, this analysis did not consider baseline infection rates. Our post-hoc analysis of this cRCT aimed to use a before-after comparison to examine the effect of daily bathing with chlorhexidine, octenidine or water and soap (control) on ICU-attributable CLABSI rates.
Methods: A post-hoc analysis of a multi-center cRCT was done. ICUs that did not yet perform routine antiseptic bathing were randomly assigned to one of three study groups applying daily bathing with 2% chlorhexidine-impregnated cloths, 0.08% octenidine wash mitts or water and soap (control) for 12 months. Baseline data was assessed 12 months before the intervention started when all ICUs routinely used water and soap. Poisson regression and generalised estimating equation (GEE) models were applied to identify changes of CLABSI rates per 1000 CL days between intervention and baseline periods in each study group.
Results: The cRCT was conducted in 72 ICUs (24 per study group) including 76,139 patients in baseline and 76,815 patients in intervention period. In the chlorhexidine group, incidence density of CLABSI was reduced from 1.48 to 0.90 CLABSI per 1000 CL days comparing baseline versus intervention period (p = 0.0085). No reduction was observed in the octenidine group (1.26 versus 1.47 CLABSI per 1000 CL days, p = 0.8735) and the control group (1.20 versus 1.17, p = 0.3298). Adjusted incidence rate ratios (intervention versus baseline) were 0.63 (95%CI 0.46 – 0.87, p=0.0172) in the chlorhexidine, 1.17 (95%CI 0.79 – 1.72, p=0.5111) in the octenidine and 0.98 (95%CI 0.60 – 1.58, p=0.9190) in the control group. The preventive effect of chlorhexidine was particularly found in ICUs with ≥0.8 CLABSI per 1000 CL days at baseline.
Conclusions: This post hoc before-after analysis of a cluster-randomised decolonisation trial suggests that especially ICUs with CLABSI rates ≥0.8 but not < 0.8 CLABSI per 1000 CL might benefit from application of 2% chlorhexidine-impregnated cloths. Antiseptic bathing with 0.08% octenidine wash mitts did not reduce ICU-attributable CLABSI.
Trial registration: Registration number DRKS00010475, registration date August 18, 2016
Chronic hypoxia leads to cognitive impairment by promoting HIF-2α-mediated ceramide catabolism and alpha-synuclein hyperphosphorylation
Authors: Ji Xunming , Li Gaifen , Liu Jia , Guo Mengyuan , Gu Yakun , Guan Yuying , Shao Qianqian , Ma Wei
Published: November 2022

Chronic hypoxia leads to irreversible cognitive impairment, primarily due to hippocampal neurodegeneration, for which the underlying mechanism remains poorly understood. We administered hypoxia (13%) to C57BL mice for 1–14 days in this study. Chronic hypoxia for 7 or 14d, but not 1 or 3d, resulted in alpha-synuclein hyperphosphorylation at serine129 (α-Syn p-S129) and protein aggregation, hippocampal neurodegeneration, and cognitive deficits, whereas the latter could be prevented by alpha-synuclein knockdown or an administered short peptide competing at α-Syn S129. These results suggest that α-Syn p-S129 mediates hippocampal degeneration and cognitive impairment following chronic hypoxia. Furthermore, we found that chronic hypoxia enhanced ceramide catabolism by inducing hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-2α and HIF-2α-dependent transcriptional activation of alkaline ceramidase 2 (Acer2). Thus, the enzymatic activity of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), a specific phosphatase for α-syn, is inhibited, leading to the sustained induction of α-Syn p-S129. Finally, we found that intermittent hypoxic preconditioning protected against subsequent chronic hypoxia-induced hippocampal neurodegeneration and cognitive impairment by preventing α-Syn p-S129. These results proved the critical role of α-syn pathology in chronic hypoxia-afforded cognitive impairment and revealed a novel mechanism underlying α-syn hyperphosphorylation during chronic hypoxia. The findings bear implications in developing novel therapeutic interventions for chronic hypoxia-related brain disorders.
Genetic inhibition of CARD9 accelerates the development of experimental atherosclerosis through CD36 dependent-defective autophagy
Authors: ZHANG Yujiao , Vandestienne Marie , Lavillegrand Jean-Rémi , Joffre Jeremie , Santos-Zas Icia , Lavelle Aonghus , Zhong Xiadan , Goff Wilfried Le , Guerin Maryse , Lenoir Olivia , Laurans Ludivine , Bruneval Patrick , Guérin Coralie , Diedisheim Marc , Migaud Melanie , Puel Anne , Lanternier Fanny , Casanova Jean-Laurent , Cochain Clement , Zernecke Alma , Saliba Antoine-Emmanuel , Silvestre Jean-sébastien , Tedgui Alain , Mallat Ziad , Taleb Soraya , Vindis Cecile , Camus Stephane , Sokol Harry , Ait-Oufella Hafid
Published: November 2022

Macrophage-mediated innate immune responses contribute to the initiation, progression and complications of atherosclerosis. However, the underlying pathways linking activation of macrophages to atherosclerotic plaque develoment are still poorly understood. We hypothesized that activation of caspase recruitment-domain containing protein 9 (CARD9) plays a determinant role in pro-atherogenic responses in macrophages. We showed that global deletion of Card9 in male Apoe−/− mice as well as hematopoietic deletion of Card9 in female Ldlr−/− mice increased atherosclerosis. Card9−/− chimeric animals displayed more inflammatory atherosclerotic plaques and decreased systemic Th17 responses when compared to Card9+/+ chimeric mice. The acceleration of atherosclerosis was also observed in Apoe−/−Rag2−/−Card9−/− mice lacking T, B, and NKT cells, ruling out a role for the adaptive immune system in the pro-atherogenic effect of Card9 deficiency. Card9 deficiency altered macrophage phenotype with increased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, improved lipid uptake, higher cell death susceptibility and defective autophagy. Rapamycin or metformin, two autophagy inducers, abolished intracellular lipid overload, restored macrophage survival and autophagy flux in vitro and finally abolished the pro-atherogenic effects of Card9 deficiency in vivo. Card9 deficiency up-regulated Cd36 expression in macrophages, which blocked AMPK phosphorylation, a key inducer of autophagy. In the absence of Cd36, the pro-atherogenic effects of Card9 deficiency were blunted both in vitro and in vivo. Transcriptomic analysis of human monocytes isolated from CARD9-deficient patients confirmed the pathogenic signature identified in murine models. In summary, we identified CARD9 signaling as a key protective pathway in atherosclerosis, modulating macrophage CD36-dependent inflammatory responses, lipid uptake and autophagy.
Detecting Schizophrenia With 3D Structural Brain MRI Using Deep Learning
Authors: Zhang Junhao , Rao Vishwanatha , Tian Ye , Yang Yanting , Acosta Nicolas , Wan Zihan , Lee Pin-Yu , Zhang Chloe , Kegeles Lawrence , Small Scott A. , Guo Jia
Published: November 2022

Schizophrenia is a chronic neuropsychiatric disorder that causes distinct structural alterations within thebrain. We hypothesize that deep learning applied to a structural neuroimaging dataset could detectdisease-related alteration and improve classification and diagnostic accuracy. We tested this hypothesis usinga single, widely available, and conventional T1-weighted MRI scan, from which we extracted the 3Dwhole-brain structure using standard post-processing methods. A deep learning model was then developed,optimized, and evaluated on three open datasets with T1-weighted MRI scans of patients with schizophrenia.Our proposed model outperformed the benchmark model, which was also trained with structural MR imagesusing a 3D CNN architecture. Our model is capable of almost perfectly (area under the ROC curve = 0.987)distinguishing schizophrenia patients from healthy controls on unseen structural MRI scans. Regionalanalysis localized subcortical regions and ventricles as the most predictive brain regions. Subcorticalstructures serve a pivotal role in cognitive, affective, and social functions in humans, and structuralabnormalities of these regions have been associated with schizophrenia. Our finding corroborates thatschizophrenia is associated with widespread alterations in subcortical brain structure and the subcorticalstructural information provides prominent features in diagnostic classification. Together, these results furtherdemonstrate the potential of deep learning to improve schizophrenia diagnosis and identify its structuralneuroimaging signatures from a single, standard T1-weighted brain MRI.
Metachronous adenocarcinoma at stoma site 50 years after abdominoperineal resection for carcinoma rectum – A case report and review of literature
Authors: SL Harilal , Konan Bharat , Pottakkat Biju , Raja Kalayarasan , M Priyanka
Published: November 2022

Background
Stoma site carcinomas are rare tumors, most of which are metachronous cancers of the colon. Due to the rarity of the condition, evidence-based guidelines are yet to be formulated. The patient and the enterostomal therapist must be aware of stomal tumors to facilitate early intervention, as most tumors are diagnosed at an advanced stage. Therefore, here we describe a case of stomal carcinoma post abdominoperineal resection and its successful management. We also review similar cases reported in the literature.
Case
A 72-year-old male presented with a nodule over the stoma site of two months duration. He had undergone abdominoperineal resection with end descending colostomy in 1970 for rectal cancer. Examination revealed multiple nodular ulceroproliferative lesions from 9 o'clock to 3 o'clock position. Colonoscopy and staging with whole-body positron emission tomography combined with a contrast-enhanced computed tomography (PET-CT) ruled out other lesions and lymph nodal or distant metastases. Wide local excision and refashioning of stoma were performed. Histopathological examination revealed stage I metachronous descending colon cancer. His postoperative course was uneventful, and there is no evidence of tumor recurrence at three years of follow-up.
Conclusion
A primary adenocarcinoma originating from a colostomy site is rare but can occur many years after the end of the recommended postoperative follow-up period. It is essential to train ostomates to monitor the stoma for possible tumors to facilitate early diagnosis and to recognize the impact of such a recurrence on survival and quality of life.
Vertical distribution, environmental occurrence and risk assessment of organic pollutants in lacustrine sediments in southeast China
Authors: Lang Xiulu , Yu Kangkang , Zhao Zihan , Chen Yan , Tian Jiaming , Zhang Mingli , Wang Yanhua
Published: November 2022

To clarify environmental occurrence and ecological risks of Zhushan Bay in Taihu Lake, the characteristics of deposited organic materials (elements and 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (∑16PAHs) in a 93-cm sediment core from Taihu Lake were determined. The results showed that the values of nitrogen (N), carbon (C), hydrogen (H), and sulphur (S) ranged from 0.08%~0.3%, 0.83%~3.6%, 0.63%~1.12%, and 0.02%~0.24%, respectively. Significant changes in most elements at 50 cm depth due to changes in endogenous input, accompanied by algal blooms. The concentration of ∑16PAHs was in a range of 1807.48 ~ 4674.83 ng g− 1, showing a downward trend with the deepening of the depth, accompanied by fluctuations. The 3-ring PAHs had obvious advantages in surface sediment. Affected by various factors, the change of PAHs concentration also mainly appeared at 50cm depth and it was estimated to occur in the 1900s. The ratio of PAH monomer and PCA results showed that the combustion of fossil fuels was the main source of PAHs in the sediments. The results of the toxicity analysis indicated that most of the PAH monomers had little impact on the ecology, and a small number of monomers were increasing year by year and close to the ERM value, which should be controlled and paid attention to.
Breaking the trade-off between triplet up-conversion and singlet radiation in TADF emitters using multiresonance bridge
Authors: Meng Guoyun , Dai Hengyi , Wang Qi , Zhou Jianping , Fan Tianjiao , Zeng Xuan , Wang Xiang , Zhang Yuewei , Yang Dezhi , Ma Dongge , Zhang Dongdong , Duan Lian
Published: November 2022

The pursuit of ideal thermally activated delayed fluorescent (TADF) emitters is hampered by the mutual exclusion of a small singlet-triplet energy gap (ΔEST) and a large oscillator strength (f). Here, we report a novel donor-multiresonance bridge-acceptor (D-MR-A) molecular design strategy to break this trade-off. The incorporation of a MR-bridged acceptor onto a sterically-uncrowded donor creates a hybrid orbital distribution combining a short-range MR charge transfer (CT) on the bridge and a long-range donor-to-acceptor CT, thus leading to a small ΔESTand a largefsimultaneously. Moreover, incorporating dual MR-A groups is found to double thefvalue without affecting ΔEST. A large radiative decay rate over an order of magnitude higher than the intersystem crossing (ISC) rate, and a decent reverse ISC rate of > 106s− 1are thereafter obtained in a proof-of-concept emitter, leading to a short-delayed lifetime(τD) of only 0.88 µs. The corresponding organic light-emitting diode exhibits a record high maximum external quantum efficiency of 41.2% with alleviated efficiency roll-off and extended lifetime.
Effect of socioeconomic status on survival in osteoporotic women: Findings from a Taiwan nationwide cohort
Authors: Chuang Wan Chi , Chu Chih Hsun , Hsu Ying Hsin , Yao Cai Sin
Published: November 2022

Background
Osteoporosis is a recognized major threat to public health. Socioeconomic status (SES) is an important factors affecting health, and a confirmed predictor of various diseases and death. This study aimed to determine the relationship between survival and SES among osteoporotic women in Taiwan.
Methods
A cohort population-based study was conducted using the National Health Insurance Research Database of Taiwan from 2008 to 2013. The study subjects were women aged ≥ 50 years with osteoporosis identified from either a previously-documented diagnosis or osteoporosis-related fractures according to diagnostic codes. We designated individual SES and neighborhood SES by each patient’s job category and household income, characterizing each as advantaged or disadvantaged. Then, we compared the survival rates by SES group using Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for risk factors.
Results
This study included 21,546 women aged ≥ 50 years with osteoporosis. In terms of 5-year overall survival, osteoporotic patients with low individual SES living in disadvantaged neighborhoods were riskier of mortality than those with high SES living in disadvantaged neighborhoods, after adjustment for age and comorbidity. Osteoporotic women with low individual SES living in disadvantaged neighborhoods had no significant difference of mortality as those with low individual SES living in advantaged neighborhoods.
Conclusions
In this study, we found that individual SES, but not neighborhood SES, had worst survival rate and was associated with an increased mortality rate in osteoporotic women.
Improving Wikipedia Verifiability with AI
Authors: Petroni Fabio , Broscheit Samuel , Piktus Aleksandra , Lewis Patrick , Izacard Gautier , Hosseini Lucas , Dwivedi-Yu Jane , Lomeli Maria , Schick Timo , Mazaré Pierre-Emmanuel , Joulin Armand , Grave Edouard , Riedel Sebastian
Published: November 2022

Verifiability is a core content policy of Wikipedia: claims that are likely to be challenged need to be backed by citations. There are millions of articles available online and thousands of new articles are released each month. For this reason, finding relevant sources is a difficult task: many claims do not have any references that support them. Furthermore, even existing citations might not support a given claim or become obsolete once the original source is updated or deleted. Hence, maintaining and improving the quality of Wikipedia references is an important challenge and there is a pressing need for better tools to assist humans in this effort. Here, we show that the process of improving references can be tackled with the help of artificial intelligence (AI). We develop a neural network based system, called Side, to identify Wikipedia citations that are unlikely to support their claims, and subsequently recommend better ones from the web.
We train this model on existing Wikipedia references, therefore learning from the contributions and combined wisdom of thousands of Wikipedia editors. Using crowd-sourcing, we observe that for the top 10% most likely citations to be tagged as unverifiable by our system, humans prefer our system's suggested alternatives compared to the originally cited reference 70% of the time. To validate the applicability of our system, we built a demo to engage with the English-speaking Wikipedia community and find that Side's first citation recommendation collects double the preferences of the existing Wikipedia citation for the same top 10% most likely unverifiable claims according to Side. Our results indicate that an AI-based system could be used, in tandem with humans, to improve the verifiability of Wikipedia. More generally, we hope that our work can be used to assist fact checking efforts and increase the general trustworthiness of information online. All our code, data, indexes and models are publicly available at https://github.com/facebookresearch/side.
Design and development of an affordable and washable multilayered mask with a recycled hydrophobic layer for preventive health care
Authors: Sekhar Sugali Chandra , Pabba Manideep , Tallam Aarti , Fatima Saeed , Butti Sai Kishore , Vani Bukke , Sahu Nivedita , Sundergopal Sridhar
Published: November 2022

The sudden onset of Covid-19 pandemic has led to the implementation of various health-care measures, among which the facemask has become the primary line of defense. Several masks available in the market are single-use that would choke the environment through plastic pollution, or too expensive for the commoner to afford. As the pandemic affected population of all races, religions and communities across the globe, there was a need to design a low-cost mask that could be washed and reused multiple times without loss in barrier properties. The present work relates to the design of a facemask that incorporates a waste derived warp knit polyethylene terephthalate (PET) permeate spacer extricated from used reverse osmosis (RO) and other membrane modules. A non-woven polypropylene (PP) layer was incorporated immediately after the PET layer to provide high hydrophobicity and increase the threshold pressure for the respiratory droplets to penetrate. These two active layers were sandwiched between two tightly woven cotton layers as the first and fourth layers. The cotton fabric of the developed mask provides comfort, good appearance, biodegradable nature and tightly woven that reject larger particulate matter including dust. The unique PET layer has high mechanical strength and 3D shape holding capability that extended from the nose bridge to the chin, leaving an air gap between the mouth and the inner layer of the facemask, enabling smooth facial movement, hindrance-free speaking and prevents spectacle fogging. The PP layer is also known to exhibit electrostatic repulsion towards pathogens present in the air and prevents the chances of infections. Compared to commercial N95 mask, the developed mask exhibits high breathability, reusable up to 30 washes and is produced at an affordable cost of Rs.17 (0.22 USD) including labor charges and sold at 100% profit margin @ Rs.35 (0.45 USD) per unit. The developed mask has high bacterial filtration efficiency and prevents respiratory droplets containing infection causing organisms, dust allergies, and those arising from environmental pollution. Moreover, the mask was certified by neutral testing agencies and sold to a population of more than 6 lakhs thus playing a major role in mitigation of Covid-19.
The green synthesis of environmentally friendly magnetic silver complex stabilized on MnFe2O4@sodium alginate nanoparticles (MCF@S-ALG/Ag) and evaluation of their antibacterial activity
Authors: Mohammadizadeh Zahra Najahi , Ahadifar Mitra , Mobinikhaledi Mahta , Ahadi Najmieh
Published: November 2022

Magnetic nanoparticles with green cover sodium alginate and Ag, MnCoFe2O4@Sodium alginate/Ag (MCF@S-ALG/Ag) MNPs, were prepared by a simple and clean method from Sargassum Vulgare brown algae. The structure of these nanoparticles was characterized by the Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), field emission-scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). Furthermore, the antibacterial activity of MCF@S-ALG/Ag MNPs was tested for two bacterial of gram-negative (Escherichia coli (E. coli)) bacteria and gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus)) bacteria. The MCF@S-ALG/Ag MNPs showed the inhibition zone 16.32 mm for S. aureus and 12.84 mm for E. coli bacteria. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) of MCF@S-ALG/Ag MNPs for S. aureus bacteria were found 20 µg/mL and 40µg/mL, respectively.
Can outward foreign direct investment improve China's green economic efficiency?
Authors: Wang Chong , Wang Lei
Published: November 2022

Will OFDI help promote the green transition of China's economy? Our study adopts the inter-provincial panel data of China from 2011 to 2019 to explore the influence of OFDI on green economic efficiency (GEE). We find that OFDI significantly improve China's GEE, robustness tests still support this conclusion. We also find that the reverse technology spillover obtained from developed countries through OFDI promotes the growth of GEE. Heterogeneity analysis shows that, OFDI significantly promotes GEE in eastern China, however, this promotion effect is not significant in midwestern China. Besides, the promoting effect of OFDI on GEE has been further improved after 2016. This paper further finds that there exists a threshold effect of OFDI on GEE, when the financial development and human capital exceeds 2.0954 and 0.0290, respectively, the promoting effects of OFDI on GEE are greatly enhanced.
Two gates mediate NMDA receptor activity and are under subunit-specific regulation
Authors: Wollmuth Lonnie P , Amin Johansen , He Miaomiao , Prasad Ramesh , Leng Xialing , Zhou Huan-Xiang
Published: November 2022

The opening and closing kinetics of NMDA receptors (NMDARs) contribute to their unique role in synaptic computation. NMDARs are heterotetramers composed of the obligate GluN1 and typically some combination of GluN2 subunits. The initial step in ion channel opening is agonist binding, which generates free energy that propagates to the ion channel to open a canonical gate at the M3 helix bundle crossing. A conserved glycine in the outer most transmembrane helices, the M4 helix, regulates NMDAR function. Here we find that the GluN1 glycine mainly regulates single channel events within a cluster or bursts of activity, whereas the GluN2A glycine mainly regulates entry and exit from clusters. Molecular dynamic simulations suggest that, whereas the GluN2 M4 (along with GluN2 pre-M1) regulates the gate at the M3 helix bundle crossing, the GluN1 glycine regulates a ‘gate’ at the M2 loop. Subsequent functional experiments support this interpretation. Thus, the distinct kinetics of NMDARs are mediated by two gates that are under subunit-specific regulation.
Novel surface nanoengineering technology for the removal of sulfur compounds associated with negative attributes in wines
Authors: Mierczynska-Vasilev Agnieszka , Kulcsar Allie , Dabare Panthihage , Vasilev Krasimir , Bekker Marlize
Published: November 2022

Volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs), such as hydrogen sulfide, methanethiol, and ethanethiol, are associated with ‘reductive’ aromas in wine and contribute to approximately 30% of all wine faults. These compounds can have a significant impact on wine aroma and perceived quality, and subsequently, consumer preference. In this communication, we report a novel method for the generation of smart surfaces that incorporate immobilized gold nanoparticles to remove VSCs compounds.
Novel insights into the diagnostic and prognostic function of copeptin in cardio-metabolic disorders
Authors: Wu Penglong , Wang Lilan , Cheng Ye , Wang Bin , Su Xin
Published: November 2022

As is shown in previous reports, arginine vasopressin, as one of the most important hormones within circulation in human beings, is of great clinically significance given that it could maintain the body fluid balance and vascular tone. However, the laboratory measurements arginine of vasopressin in daily clinical practice are shown to be difficult and with low accuracy. Concerning on this notion, it is unpractical to use the serum levels of arginine vasopressin in diagnosing multiple diseases. On the other hand, another key serum biomarker, copeptin, is confirmed as the C-terminal of the arginine vasopressin precursor which could be released in equal amounts with arginine vasopressin, resultantly making it as a sensitive marker of arginine vasopressin release. Notably, emerging recent evidence has demonstrated the critical function of copeptin as a clinical indicator, especially in the diagnosis and prognosis of several diseases in diverse organs, such as cardiovascular disease, kidney disease, and pulmonary disease. In addition, copeptin was recently verified to play an important role in diagnosing multiple acute diseases when combined it with other gold standard serum biomarkers, indicating that copeptin could be recognized as a vital disease marker. Herein, in the current review, the functions of copeptin as a new predictive diagnostic and prognostic biomarker of various diseases, according to the most recent studies, are well summarized. Furthermore, the importance of using copeptin as a serum bio-marker in diverse medical departments and the impact of this on improving healthcare service is also summarized in the current review.
Limiting factors for charge generation in low-offset fullerene-based organic solar cells
Authors: Jungbluth Anna , Cho Eunkyung , Privitera Alberto , Kaienburg Pascal , Lauritzen Andreas , Derrien Thomas , Kesava Sameer , Habib Irfan , Coropceanu Veaceslav , Bredas Jean-Luc , Riede Moritz
Published: November 2022

Free charge generation in organic solar cells generally proceeds via (1) the formation of charge transfer (CT) excitons after photoexcitation of donor or acceptor molecules, and (2) CT dissociation into the charge separated (CS) state. While the efficiency of CT formation depends on the energetic difference between local excitation (LE) singlet and CT states, the CT dissociation efficiency is determined by the energetic barrier between the CT and CS states. For a long time, research either studied the combined effect of CT formation and dissociation on photocurrents without distinguishing the individual processes, or primarily focused on understanding and improving CT formation to increase photocurrents, neglecting the efficiency of CT dissociation all-together. In this work, we provide evidence that CT dissociation rather than CT formation presents a major bottleneck for free charge generation in fullerene-based blends with low energetic offsets between LE and CT states. We fabricate devices based on dilute donor content blends of ZnPc or its fluorinated derivatives and C60. Fluorination of ZnPc simultaneously shifts the molecular orbitals away from the vacuum level, increasing the CT state energy at the donor-acceptor interface with C60. Through experimental device characterization, density functional theory (DFT) calculations, and time-resolved electron paramagnetic resonance (trEPR) measurements, we draw a comprehensive picture of how LE, CT, and CS state energies and the transitions among states change upon fluorination of ZnPc. We find that, upon fluorination of ZnPc, primarily CT dissociation decreases, resulting in a significant decrease in the photocurrents of the blends.
Ovine PAPPA2 gene coding variants are linked to decreased fecal egg shedding in native Turkish sheep naturally infected with gastrointestinal nematodes.
Authors: YAMAN Yalçın , Bay Veysel , SEVİM Semih , AYMAZ Ramazan , KELEŞ Murat , Önaldı Abdullah Taner , ÖZÜİÇLİ Mehmet , ŞENLİK Bayram , KONCAGÜL Seyrani , YILMAZ Onur , ÜN Cemal
Published: November 2022

In this study, the association between PAPPA2 coding variants and gastrointestinal (GI) nematode fecal egg count (FEC) score in adult Turkish sheep was investigated. For this purpose, the FEC score was determined in adult sheep from six breeds. Sheep were classified as shedders or non-shedders within breeds and flocks. The first group was the fecal egg shedders (> 50 per gram of feces), and the second group was the no fecal egg shedders (≤ 50 per gram of feces). The exon 1, exon 2, exon 5, exon 7, and a part of 5’UTR of the ovine PAPPA2 gene were genotyped by Sanger sequencing of these two groups). Fourteen synonymous and three non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were found. The non-synonymous SNPs; D109N, D391H, and L409R variants, are reported for the first time. Two haplotype blocks were constructed on exon 2 and exon 7. The specific haplotype, C391G424G449T473C515A542 on the exon 2 that carries the 391H variant, was tested against four other common haplotypes. Our results indicate that C391G424G449T473C515A542 haplotype was significantly associated with fecal egg shedding status in adult Turkish sheep (p-value, 0.044).
Resolving Atomic-Scale Structure and Chemical Coordination in High Entropy Alloy Electrocatalysts for Structure-Function Relationship Elucidation
Authors: Subhash Bijil , Unocic Raymond , Gallington Leighanne , Wright Joshua , Cheong Soshan , Tilley Richard , Bedford Nicholas
Published: November 2022

The wide range of potential surface configurations in high entropy alloy nanocatalysts (HEAs) offer substantial degrees of freedom to tune their catalytic properties. This complexity in possible atomic arrangements, however, presents a significant challenge in resolving active structural motifs, preventing the establishment of structure-function relationships for rational catalyst optimization. Herein, we present a methodology for creating sub 5 nm HEAs using an aqueous-based peptide-directed route. Using a combination of synchrotron scattering and spectroscopy techniques, HEA structure models are constructed from stochastic modelling of experimental datasets and showcase a clear peptide-induced influence on atomic-structure and chemical miscibility. Analysis of our models allow for the construction of structure-function correlations applied to electrochemical methanol oxidation reactions, revealing the complex interactions between multiple metals that lead to improved catalytic properties. Our results showcase a viable strategy for elucidating structure-function relationship in HEAs, prospectively providing a pathway for future materials design.