bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Association and causal impact of TERT genetic variants on peripheral blood leukocyte telomere length and cerebral small vessel disease risk in a Chinese Han population: a mendelian randomization analysis
Authors: Song Ying , Xu Jialiang , Geng Wanru , Yin Long , Wang Jialu , Zhao JiuHan
Published: August 2024

Background

Previous observational studies have highlighted potential relationships between the telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) gene, short leukocyte telomere length (LTL), and cerebrovascular disease. However, it remains to be established as to whether TERT gene variants are associated with an elevated risk of cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD), and whether there is a causal relationship between LTL and CSVD.

Methods

Five TERT single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were analyzed in 307 CSVD patients and 320 healthy controls in whom LTL values were quantified. Allele models and four genetic models were used to explore the relationship between these SNP genotypes and CSVD risk. A Mendelian randomization analysis of CSVD risk was then performed using LTL-related SNPs and the polygenic risk score (PRS) constructed from these SNPs as genetic instrumental variables to predict the causal relationship between LTL and CSVD risk.

Results

Model association analyses identified two SNPs that were significantly associated with CSVD risk. LTL was significantly correlated with age (P < 0.001), and the MR analysis revealed an association between short LTL and an elevated risk of CSVD. PRS-based genetic prediction of short LTLs was also significantly related to an elevated CSVD risk.

Conclusion

Multiple genetic models and MR results indicate that TERT gene SNPs may be related to an elevated risk of CSVD, and that shorter LTL may be causally linked to such CSVD risk.
Patient and public involvement and engagement in the ASCEND PLUS trial: reflections from the design of a streamlined and decentralised clinical trial
Authors: El-Nayir Muram , Wijesurendra Rohan , Preiss David , Mafham Marion , Tsiotos Leandros , Islam Sadman , Whitehouse Anne , Wilkinson Sophia , Freeman Hannah , Lee Ryonfa , Brudlo Wojciech , Bobby Genna , Jenkins Bryony , Humphrey Robert , Mallorie Amy , Toal Andrew , Barker Elnora C. , Moylan Dianna , Thomson Graeme , Davies Firoza , Khan Hameed , Allotey Ian , Dickie Susan , Roberts John
Published: August 2024

Introduction

ASCEND PLUS is a randomised controlled trial assessing the effects of oral semaglutide on the primary prevention of cardiovascular events in around 20,000 individuals with type 2 diabetes in the UK. The trial’s innovative design includes a decentralised direct-to-participant invitation, recruitment, and follow-up model, relying on self-completion of online forms or telephone or video calls with research nurses, with no physical sites. Extensive patient and public involvement and engagement (PPIE) was essential to the design and conduct of ASCEND PLUS.

Aim

To report the process and conduct of PPIE activity in ASCEND PLUS, evaluate effects on trial design, reflect critically on successes and aspects that could have been improved, and identify themes and learning relevant to implementation of PPIE in future trials.

Methods

PPIE activity was coordinated centrally and included six PPIE focus groups and creation of an ASCEND PLUS public advisory group (PAG) during the design phase. Recruitment to these groups was carefully considered to ensure diversity and inclusion, largely consisting of adults living with type 2 diabetes from across the UK. Two members of the PAG also joined the trial Steering Committee. Steering Committee meetings, focus groups, and PAG meetings were conducted online, with two hybrid workshops to discuss PPIE activity and aspects of the trial.

Results

PPIE activity was critical to shaping the design and conduct of ASCEND PLUS. Key examples included supporting choice for participants to either complete the screening/consent process independently online, or during a telephone or video call interview with a research nurse. A concise ‘initial information leaflet’ was developed to be sent with the initial invitations, with the ‘full’ information leaflet sent later to those interested in joining the trial. The PAG reviewed the content and format of participant- and public-facing materials, including written documents, online screening forms, animated videos, and the trial website, to aid clarity and accessibility, and provided input into the choice of instruments to assess quality of life.

Conclusions

PPIE is integral in ASCEND PLUS and will continue throughout the trial. This involvement has been critical to optimising the trial design, successfully obtaining regulatory and ethical approval, and conducting the trial.
Efficacy of denervation for osteoarthritis in the proximal interphalangeal joint (DOP): protocol of a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Swärd Elin M. , Beckman Jonas , Tabaroj Farnoush , Wilcke Maria K.
Published: August 2024

Background

Osteoarthritis (OA) contributes increasingly to disability worldwide. There is ample high-quality research on the treatment of knee and hip OA, whereas research on surgical and non-surgical treatment in hand OA is sparse. Limited evidence suggests that education and exercise may improve pain, function, stiffness, and grip strength in hand OA. The established surgical options in hand OA have disadvantages. Prostheses preserve motion but have a high complication rate, whereas fusions decrease function due to limited movement. There is an unmet need for high-quality research on treatment options for hand OA and a need for the development of effective and safe movement-sparing therapies.

This study aims to compare the effects of a motion-preserving surgical treatment (denervation of the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint) with a patient education and exercise program on patient-reported outcomes and objective function in painful PIP OA.

Methods

In this parallel-group, two-armed, randomized, controlled superiority trial (RCT), 90 participants are assigned to surgical PIP joint denervation or education and exercise. Pain on load 1 year after intervention is the primary outcome measure. Secondary outcome measures include pain at rest, Patient-Rated Wrist and Hand Evaluation (PRWHE), HQ8 score, EQ5D-5L, objective physical function, complications, two-point discrimination, Mini Sollerman, consumption of analgesics, and the need for further surgery. Assessments are performed at baseline, 3 and 6 months, and 1 year after intervention.

Discussion

There are no previous RCTs comparing surgical and non-surgical treatment in PIP OA. If patient education plus exercise or PIP denervation improve function, these treatments could be implemented as first-line treatment options in PIP OA. However, if denervation does not achieve better results than non-surgical treatment, it is not justified to use in PIP OA.

Trial registration

Prospectively registered in ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05980793) on 8 August 2023. URL https://classic.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05980793.
Sand fly blood meal volumes and their relation to female body weight under experimental conditions
Authors: Volfová Věra , Jančářová Magdalena , Volf Petr
Published: August 2024

﻿Abstract

Background

Sand fly females require a blood meal to develop eggs. The size of the blood meal is crucial for fecundity and affects the dose of pathogens acquired by females when feeding on infected hosts or during experimental membrane-feeding.

Methods

Under standard laboratory conditions, we compared blood meal volumes taken by females of ten sand fly species from four genera: Phlebotomus, Lutzomyia, Migonomyia, and Sergentomyia. The amount of ingested blood was determined using a haemoglobin assay. Additionally, we weighed unfed sand flies to calculate the ratio between body weight and blood meal weight.

Results

The mean blood meal volume ingested by sand fly females ranged from 0.47 to 1.01 µl. Five species, Phlebotomus papatasi, P. duboscqi, Lutzomyia longipalpis, Sergentomyia minuta, and S. schwetzi, consumed about double the blood meal size compared to Migonomyia migonei. The mean body weight of females ranged from 0.183 mg in S. minuta to 0.369 mg in P. duboscqi. In males, the mean body weight ranged from 0.106 mg in M. migonei to 0.242 mg in P. duboscqi. Males were always lighter than females, with the male-to-female weight ratio ranging from 75% (in Phlebotomus argentipes) to 52% (in Phlebotomus tobbi).

Conclusions

Females of most species took a blood meal 2.25–3.05 times their body weight. Notably, the relatively tiny females of P. argentipes consumed blood meals 3.34 times their body weight. The highest (Mbl/Mf) ratios were found in both Sergentomyia species studied; females of S. minuta and S. schwetzi took blood meals 4.5–5 times their body weight. This parameter is substantially higher than that reported for mosquitoes and biting midges.

Graphical Abstract
Climate influences the gut eukaryome of wild rodents in the Great Rift Valley of Jordan
Authors: Khadem Sanaz , Berry David , Al-khlifeh Enas
Published: August 2024

Background

The mammalian gut microbiome includes a community of eukaryotes with significant taxonomic and functional diversity termed the eukaryome. The molecular analysis of eukaryotic diversity in microbiomes of wild mammals is still in its early stages due to the recent emergence of interest in this field. This study aimed to fill this knowledge gap by collecting data on eukaryotic species found in the intestines of wild rodents. Because little is known about the influence of climate on the gut eukaryome, we compared the composition of the gut eukaryotes in two rodent species, Mus musculus domesticus and Acomys cahirinus, which inhabit a transect crossing a temperate and tropical zone on the Jordanian side of the Great Rift Valley (GRV).

Methods

We used high-throughput amplicon sequencing targeting the 18S rRNA gene in fecal samples from rodents to identify eukaryotic organisms, their relative abundance, and their potential for pathogenicity.

Results

Nematodes and protozoa were the most prevalent species in the eukaryome communities, whereas fungi made up 6.5% of the total. Sixty percent of the eukaryotic ASVs belonged to taxa that included known pathogens. Eighty percent of the rodents were infected with pinworms, specifically Syphacia obvelata. Eukaryotic species diversity differed significantly between bioclimatic zones (p = 0.001). Nippostrongylus brasiliensis and Aspiculuris tetraptera were found to be present exclusively in the Sudanian zone rodents. This area has not reported any cases of Trichuris infections. Yet, Capillaria infestations were unique to the Mediterranean region, while Trichuris vulpis infestations were also prevalent in the Mediterranean and Irano-Turanian regions.

Conclusions

This study highlights the importance of considering host species diversity and environmental factors when studying eukaryome composition in wild mammals. These data will be valuable as a reference to eukaryome study.

Graphical Abstract
Gut microbiome structure and function in asymptomatic diverticulosis
Authors: Hua Xinwei , McGoldrick Jessica , Nakrour Nour , Staller Kyle , Chung Daniel Chulyong , Xavier Ramnik Joseph , Khalili Hamed
Published: August 2024

Background

Colonic diverticulosis, the most common lesion found in routine colonoscopy, affects more than 50% of individuals aged ≥ 60 years. Emerging evidence suggest that dysbiosis of gut microbiota may play an important role in the pathophysiology of diverticular disease. However, specific changes in microbial species and metabolic functions in asymptomatic diverticulosis remain unknown.

Methods

In a cohort of US adults undergoing screening colonoscopy, we analyzed the gut microbiota using shotgun metagenomic sequencing. Demographic factors, lifestyle, and medication use were assessed using a baseline questionnaire administered prior to colonoscopy. Taxonomic structures and metabolic pathway abundances were determined using MetaPhlAn3 and HUMAnN3. We used multivariate association with linear models to identify microbial species and metabolic pathways that were significantly different between asymptomatic diverticulosis and controls, while adjusting for confounders selected a priori including age at colonoscopy, sex, body mass index (BMI), and dietary pattern.

Results

Among 684 individuals undergoing a screening colonoscopy, 284 (42%) had diverticulosis. Gut microbiome composition explained 1.9% variation in the disease status of asymptomatic diverticulosis. We observed no significant differences in the overall diversity of gut microbiome between asymptomatic diverticulosis and controls. However, microbial species Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum and Prevotella copri were significantly enriched in controls (q value = 0.19 and 0.14, respectively), whereas Roseburia intestinalis, Dorea sp. CAG:317, and Clostridium sp. CAG: 299 were more abundant in those with diverticulosis (q values = 0.17, 0.24, and 0.10, respectively). We observed that the relationship between BMI and diverticulosis appeared to be limited to carriers of Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum and Roseburia intestinalis (Pinteraction = 0.09).

Conclusions

Our study provides the first large-scale evidence supporting taxonomic and functional shifts of the gut microbiome in individuals with asymptomatic diverticulosis. The suggestive interaction between gut microbiota and BMI on prevalent diverticulosis deserves future investigations.
Assessing Scotland’s self-sufficiency of major food commodities
Authors: Rathnayaka Shashika D. , Revoredo-Giha Cesar , de Roos Baukje
Published: August 2024

Background

Analysis of food self-sufficiency at the regional level helps to better understand its dependency on, and vulnerability to, the food system. Moreover, achieving food self-sufficiency has gained prominence in the present policy agenda to increase resilience to adverse events and lower food resource footprint. Using a novel method, we estimated the food balance sheets of Scotland, the second-largest region in the United Kingdom, and assessed the self-sufficiency of major food commodities for the first time.

Methods

Data from 2003 to 2019 were obtained from Economic Reports on Scottish Agriculture and the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA)’s family food statistics. Food import and export data are not readily available for Scotland. Therefore, we developed a consumption-based approach to estimate the net trade values of each commodity. We also assessed the contribution of domestic production toward nutrient security.

Results

According to our estimates, Scotland is a net exporter of beef, exporting an average of 51.3 thousand tons per year. It is also a net exporter of cereal (wheat, barley, oats) and potatoes, although this was not always the case between 2003 and 2019. Scotland has a strong level of self-sufficiency in cereals, potatoes, lamb, beef, dairy, and eggs. However, there is room for improvement in achieving self-sufficiency in poultry and pork, where the self-sufficiency ratio is relatively low. Our analysis of nutrient security indicates that wheat and dairy sourced from Scotland play crucial roles in the food supply chain, markedly influencing total energy, dietary protein, and primary dietary fat sources.

Conclusions

Our assessment can serve as a foundation for evidence-based decision-making in Scotland's agricultural and food policy. It offers insights into where investments and support may be needed to enhance domestic production and promote a resilient and sustainable food system. Estimated self-sufficiency ratios provide a more accurate assessment of the extent of food localization in Scotland. The method we developed in this study has the potential to be a valuable tool for future research studies, allowing for the estimation of regional-level food self-sufficiency even when trade data and food balance sheets are unavailable.
Attributional style in Borderline personality disorder is associated with self-esteem and loneliness
Authors: Schulze Anna , Rommelfanger Berit , Schendel Elisabeth , Schott Hannah , Lerchl Aimée , Vonderlin Ruben , Lis Stefanie
Published: August 2024

Background

Attributions are the processes by which individuals explain the causes of positive and negative events. A maladaptive attributional style has been associated with reduced self-esteem, psychosocial functioning, and mental health. Although many psychosocial interventions target an individual’s attributional style in mental disorders, studies of its alterations in Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) are sparse. This study aimed to investigate the attributional style in patients with BPD in comparison to healthy control individuals (HC) and its association with self-esteem and psychosocial functioning.

Methods

The participants (32 patients with a diagnosis of BPD, 32 HC, groups were balanced for sex, age and education) assessed their attributional style in regard to locus of control, stability and globality for positive and negative scenarios. Attributional style was compared between groups and linked to self-reports of self-esteem, loneliness and psychosocial functioning in different social domains while controlling for BPD and depressive symptom severity.

Results

Individuals diagnosed with BPD reported a maladaptive attributional style for both positive and negative events. This was found to be strongly related with lower self-esteem and higher levels of loneliness, but not with psychosocial dysfunctions assessed in different social domains. The severity of BPD and depressive symptoms did not fully explain the association of attributional style with self-esteem and loneliness. In contrast, correcting for acute psychopathology actually strengthened the relationship between self-esteem and maladaptive inferring causality for positive events.

Conclusion

The differential association of attributional style for positive and negative events with self-esteem and psychosocial functioning highlights the importance of considering the different facets of inferring causality during psychosocial interventions. Our findings suggest that the significance of cognitive alterations may change with remission of acute BPD and depressive psychopathology, depending on the valence of an event.
Association between dichotomized VASARI feature and overall survival in glioblastoma patients: a single-institution propensity score matching analysis
Authors: Han Yu , Wang Yu-yao , Yang Yang , Qiao Shu-qi , Liu Zhi-cheng , Cui Guang-bin , Yan Lin-feng
Published: August 2024

Objectives

This study aimed to investigate the intra- and inter-observer consistency of the Visually Accessible Rembrandt Images (VASARI) feature set before and after dichotomization, and the association between dichotomous VASARI features and the overall survival (OS) in glioblastoma (GBM) patients.

Methods

This retrospective study included 351 patients with pathologically confirmed IDH1 wild-type GBM between January 2016 and June 2022. Firstly, VASARI features were assessed by four radiologists with varying levels of experience before and after dichotomization. Cohen’s kappa coefficient (κ) was calculated to measure the intra- and inter-observer consistency. Then, after adjustment for confounders using propensity score matching, Kaplan-Meier curves were used to compare OS differences for each dichotomous VASARI feature. Next, patients were randomly stratified into a training set (n = 211) and a test set (n = 140) in a 3:2 ratio. Based on the training set, Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was adopted to develop combined and clinical models to predict OS, and the performance of the models was evaluated with the test set.

Results

Eleven VASARI features with κ value of 0.61–0.8 demonstrated almost perfect agreement after dichotomization, with the range of κ values across all readers being 0.874–1.000. Seven VASARI features were correlated with GBM patient OS. For OS prediction, the combined model outperformed the clinical model in both training set (C-index, 0.762 vs. 0.723) and test set (C-index, 0.812 vs. 0.702).

Conclusion

The dichotomous VASARI features exhibited excellent inter- and intra-observer consistency. The combined model outperformed the clinical model for OS prediction.
HyEpiSeiD: a hybrid convolutional neural network and gated recurrent unit model for epileptic seizure detection from electroencephalogram signals
Authors: Bhadra Rajdeep , Singh Pawan Kumar , Mahmud Mufti
Published: August 2024

Epileptic seizure (ES) detection is an active research area, that aims at patient-specific ES detection with high accuracy from electroencephalogram (EEG) signals. The early detection of seizure is crucial for timely medical intervention and prevention of further injuries of the patients. This work proposes a robust deep learning framework called HyEpiSeiD that extracts self-trained features from the pre-processed EEG signals using a hybrid combination of convolutional neural network followed by two gated recurrent unit layers and performs prediction based on those extracted features. The proposed HyEpiSeiD framework is evaluated on two public datasets, the UCI Epilepsy and Mendeley datasets. The proposed HyEpiSeiD model achieved 99.01% and 97.50% classification accuracy, respectively, outperforming most of the state-of-the-art methods in epilepsy detection domain.
Assessment of ganglion cell complex thickness and its correlation with retinal sensitivity using microperimetry 6 months after epiretinal membrane surgery
Authors: Cunha Leonardo Provetti , Matos Aline Mota Freitas , Defina Raphael Lucas Sampaio , Costa-Cunha Luciana Virgínia Ferreira , Zacharias Leandro Cabral , Preti Rony Carlos , Monteiro Mário Luiz Ribeiro
Published: August 2024

Purpose

To verify the correlation between the full-macular and the ganglion cell complex (GCC) thickness measurements and retinal sensitivity (RS) assessed by microperimetry (MP) 6 months after surgical peeling for idiopathic epiretinal membrane (ERM).

Methods

Forty-three were submitted to pars-plana posterior vitrectomy (PPV) with concomitant peeling of internal limiting membrane (ILM) for idiopathic ERM treatment. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and 3D volumetric high-definition optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging were preoperatively acquired. Six months after the surgery, BCVA, OCT imaging, and RS measured by MP were assessed. For the OCT parameters, we analyzed both the full-macular and the ganglion cell layer complex (GCC) thicknesses. The MP parameters tested were 44 points covering 20 central degrees (6 mm), with direct correspondence with the nine sectors of the OCT-ETDRS map. This approach enables the direct topographic correlation between the structure and functional measurements. The OCT and MP exam measurements were also performed in 43 eyes of age-matched healthy controls. Correlations between BCVA, RS, and OCT parameters were examined.

Results

 All patients exhibited a substantial improvement in visual acuity following surgery. The RS parameters were significantly lower in patients compared to the controls. The full-macular thickness measurements were thicker than controls preoperatively and significantly reduced postoperatively; however, remaining significantly higher than controls, in the 4 inner sectors, at the fovea and for the average macular thickness. Preoperative GCC measurements were higher than those in controls. There was a significant reduction in GCC thickness in all sectors postoperatively, especially in the outer sectors, as well as in the average macular thickness. A positive correlation was found between full-macular and GCC thickness and RS postoperatively in several sectors.

Conclusions

Our results demonstrate that ERM peeling can improve visual acuity in the postoperative period. However, RS may not fully restore, remaining significantly lower when compared to the controls. Both full-macular and GCC thickness measurements were reduced 6 months after surgery. However, significant thinning of the GCC thickness was observed when compared to the normal control eyes, indicating the occurrence of some degree of ganglion cell layer atrophy. We have demonstrated significant correlations among various OCT thickness parameters, particularly for GCC measurements. We believe that GCC integrity may play an important role in visual function after ERM surgery, and that MP may help better understand the correlations between structural and functional findings following ERM surgery.
A female advantage in asylum application decisions? A gendered analysis of decisions on asylum applications in Italy from 2008 to 2022
Authors: Ortensi Livia Elisa , Piccitto Giorgio , Morlotti Sara
Published: August 2024

Women constitute over half of the global refugee population, yet they are underrepresented among asylum-seeker applicants in Europe. In this study, we analyse asylum application decisions in Italy between 2008 and 2022 using Eurostat data and a comprehensive set of indicators to assess political conditions and gender discrimination in the applicants’ countries of origin. Our analysis unveils a limited ‘female advantage’ in asylum applications, revealing a complex relationship between gender, country of origin characteristics, and the asylum decision process. Interestingly, the observed advantage for women is contingent on the applicant's country of origin. In countries marked by war, autocracy, or severe discrimination towards women, the gender of the applicants does not significantly correlate with asylum decisions, as recognition rates are high for both men and women. Conversely, women from countries with moderate political and discrimination issues have higher chances of success than men in their asylum applications. The understanding of how gender intersects with other factors in asylum decisions is imperative for developing more equitable asylum policies and practices.
In vitro molluscicidal activity and biochemical impacts of some thiophene derivatives against the glassy clover snail, Monacha obstructa (Pfeiffer)
Authors: Emara Esam M. , Batt Mohammed A. , El-Sawaf Maher A.
Published: August 2024

Background

The glassy clover snail, Monacha obstructa (Pfeiffer), is considered one of the major agricultural pests that ruin many field crops, vegetables, orchards of fruits, plants of ornament as well as many other plantations. Synthesis of the Schiff base ligand, namely bis-[4-benzylidene-thiophene-2′-yl] methane (L), produced from the reaction between thiophene-2-carboxaldehyde and diaminodiphenylmethane (MDA), alongside its copper complex were conducted. The output chemical compounds were evaluated in vitro for their molluscicidal activity against the glassy clover snail, M. obstructa by performing the contact technique. Stock solutions were prepared via using (distilled water + DMF) mixture. Furthermore, the impact of these compounds on some critical biochemical indicators: cholesterol, total protein, and acetylcholinesterase (AChE), was evaluated.

Results

The outcome results demonstrated the significantly higher molluscicidal activity of the Cu(II) chelate compared to its free ligand (L), which in turn reveals the importance of metal chelation in enhancing toxicity against the target species. Particularly, the LC25 and LC50 values are (27.25, 34.65) and (17.88, 25.31) ppm for the ligand (L) and its copper construction, respectively. Additionally, the data confirmed the significant effectiveness of the tested compounds on the assessed biochemical indicators of treated snails. Total protein and cholesterol levels were elevated after treatment with both the ligand (L) and its copper complex while AChE activity increased after treatment with the ligand (L) and reduced upon the exposure to the Cu(II) chelate.

Conclusions

The findings established that the copper complex exhibited a markedly higher molluscicidal activity compared to the free ligand (L). Also, the results confirmed the significant effects of the investigated compounds on the assessed biochemical indicators of treated M. obstructa snails.
Coronary artery size based on intravascular ultrasound in Southeast Asia population
Authors: Saboe Aninka , Sari Minsy Titi , Yahya Achmad Fauzi , Akbar Muhammad Rizki
Published: August 2024

Background

One of the downsides of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is stent failure which could be related to stent underexpansion. Hence, PCI based on an accurate coronary artery size obtained from intracoronary imaging is tremendously important. Until now, there is no data about all coronary artery dimensions in the Southeast Asian population performed by intravascular ultrasound (IVUS). The coronary artery size of 153 patients with chronic coronary syndrome (CCS) in acute or chronic settings who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with IVUS was examined. The mean artery size and its predictors were analyzed.

Results

There were 153 patients with 633 coronary artery segments: the mean left main (LM) external elastic membrane (EEM) diameter and cross-sectional area (CSA) were 5.02 ± 0.43 mm and 19.93 ± 3.48 mm2, proximal left anterior descending artery (LAD) 4.25 ± 0.42 mm and 14.34 ± 2.85 mm2, the mid-LAD 3.86 ± 0.39 mm and 11.70 ± 2.24 mm2, the distal LAD 3.32 (2.83–4.30) mm and 8.77(6.23–14.99) mm2, the proximal left circumflex artery (LCX) 3.91 ± 0.42 mm and 12.07 ± 2.53 mm2, the distal LCX 3.51 ± 0.47 mm and 9.90 (5.09–14.20) mm2, the proximal right coronary artery (RCA) 4.50 ± 0.48 mm and 16.14 ± 3.43 mm2, the mid-RCA 4.16 ± 0.420 mm and 13.74 ± 2.72 mm2, the distal RCA 3.81 ± 0.41 mm and 11.59 ± 2.46 mm2, respectively. Body surface area (BSA) is an independent predictor for the majority of epicardial coronary arteries with a positive linear relationship.

Conclusions

The mean artery size of the Indonesian population was comparable with previous studies. The knowledge of coronary artery size will help the clinician to have a reference for intervention, especially when no intravascular imaging is available.
Perceived parenting styles and bonding among adolescents with mental illness: Okasha Institute of Psychiatry experience
Authors: Abou Taleb Mariam Yehia Mohamed , Sayed Maha , Gafaary Maha El , Ghamry Reem El , Hashem Reem , Awwad Yasmine , Serag Rehab
Published: August 2024

Background

Worldwide, at least 10% of adolescents have a documented mental illness, which is a leading source of morbidity, mortality, and functional impairment. Among individuals aged between 10 and 24 years, psychiatric disorders account for 45% of all years lived with disability. Parenting discipline styles are fundamental in shaping adolescents’ emotional integrity, cognitive capabilities, and behavioral patterns.

To compare parenting styles and parental bonding dimensions in adolescents with different psychiatric disorders versus a group of healthy adolescents matched for age and sex.

Patients and methods

A case–control study conducted at Okasha Institute of Psychiatry, Ain Shams University Hospitals, involved 50 participants of adolescents diagnosed with variable psychiatric disorders and 50 matched healthy controls.

Results

Authoritarian parenting style was evident in mentally ill adolescents, while authoritative parenting style was prevalent in healthy controls. In terms of parental bonding, mentally ill adolescents experienced a low level of care and a high level of overprotection from both parents.

Conclusion

The results of the study demonstrated that parenting styles may serve as predictors and predisposing factors for psychiatric disorders in adolescents. Adolescents with psychiatric disorders perceived both parents as more authoritarian, less authoritative. They also received a low level of care and a high level of overprotection from both parents.
Microbicidal Polymer Nanoparticles Containing Clotrimazole for Treatment of Vulvovaginal Candidiasis
Authors: del Rocío Lara-Sánchez María , Ganem-Rondero Adriana , Nava-Arzaluz María Guadalupe , Becerril-Osnaya Andrea Angela , Pérez-Carranza Laura Abril , Alcalá-Alcalá Sergio , Mendoza-Muñoz Néstor , Piñón-Segundo Elizabeth
Published: August 2024

Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) alters the innate cervicovaginal immunity, which provides an important barrier against viruses and other infections. The incidence of this disease has not decreased in the last 30 years, so effective treatments are still needed. Nanoparticles (NPs) of cellulose acetate phthalate (CAP) and clotrimazole (CLZ) were prepared by the emulsification-diffusion method. NPs were characterized using dynamic light scattering, atomic force microscopy and differential scanning calorimetry; their release profile was determined by the dialysis bag technique and mucoadhesion was evaluated with the mucin-particle method. The growth inhibition study of Candida albicans was carried out using the plate counting technique. Finally, accelerated physical stability tests of NPs were carried out, both in water and in SVF. The CAP-CLZ NPs had an average diameter of 273.4 nm, a PDI of 0.284, smooth surfaces and spherical shapes. In vitro release of CLZ from the CAP NPs was categorized with the Weibull model as a matrix system in which initial release was rapid and subsequently sustained. The inhibition of C. albicans growth by the CAP-CLZ NPs was greater than that of free CLZ, and the CAP-only NPs had a microbicidal effect on C. albicans. The NPs showed poor mucoadhesiveness, which could lead to studies of their mucopenetration capacities. An accelerated physical stability test revealed the erosion of CAP in aqueous media. A nanoparticulate system was developed and provided sustained release of CLZ, and it combined an antifungal agent with a microbial polymer that exhibited antifungal activity against C. albicans.

Graphical Abstract
Nahuas Stage Imperial Conquest: The Destruction of Jerusalem in New Spain
Authors: Schmidt Stephanie
Published: August 2024

The Roman destruction of Jerusalem—as portrayed in medieval Christian legend—was a common referent in Spanish colonial historiography. In this context, it served to convey a sense of the magnitude of conquest in Mexico-Tenochtitlan. Multiple colonial texts also apply the anti-Semitic message that fundamentally characterizes this legend to the context of New Spain, justifying wars of imperial conquest as divine justice for perceived offenses against God. An anonymous Nahua translator-playwright also accommodated a version of this legend for performance to Nahua audiences. As scholars note, this play is an abridged translation into Nahuatl of an Iberian source text. This article shows how this version modifies key passages, conveys polemical commentaries in an unmistakably Nahua voice, and undermines the common application of this medieval narrative in New Spain. Rather than blame the rigors of conquest on the victims of conquest, it instead highlights error on the part of Christian empire.
Confirmatory Factor Analysis and Propensity to Cheat Scale Validation in the Ethiopian Public Higher Education Institutions
Authors: Taye Dame , Semela Tesfaye , Assefa Samuel
Published: August 2024

Background This study was primarily intended to develop and validate a comprehensive and psychometrically acceptable measure of students’ propensity to cheat (PTC) behavior among undergraduate students in Ethiopian universities by assessing their engagement in different types of cheating behavior. Methods The present study employed an explanatory research design using a questionnaire based on the Propensity to Cheat Scale (PCS). The questionnaire was administered to 500 university students (male = 367 [73.4%]; female = 133 [26.6%]) selected from three Ethiopian public universities between November and January 2022. In order to measure the underlying variables of propensity towards cheating, a factor model is developed using exploratory factor analysis, and confirmatory factor analysis was employed to validate the students’ perceived PTC. The internal consistency of the PTC scale was assessed using reliability analysis, and validity evaluations were conducted to confirm the scale’s discriminant and convergent validity. Results Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) results revealed a good fit to the data, and the internal consistency of the PCS was found to be strong, providing a reliable measure of students’ propensity for cheating. Validity evaluations, including discriminant validity and convergent validity, confirmed the validity of the scale. The average variance extracted (AVE) and composite reliability values also supported the scale’s convergent validity. The multidimensional concept of the PTC was supported by a four-factor solution consisting of 26 reliable and valid items. Conclusion The findings of the study demonstrate that the scale has also provided sufficient evidence of convergent and discriminant validity. By establishing discriminant and convergent validity, as well as reliability, through different validation procedures, the study has provided strong evidence for the effectiveness of the PCS as an instrument for determining whether university students are likely to engage in cheating behavior.
Assessing the severity of thermal discomfort in a building in the course of hot and humid climate
Authors: Matongo Thomas Janvier , Ngock Gilbert Roméo Hubert , Yamb Emmanuel , Mba Léopold , Diboma Benjamin Salomon , Tamba Jean Gaston
Published: August 2024

This work is an application of experimental temperature data previously collected in a residential building in Douala, Cameroon, in order to analyze thermal discomfort. The data was collected according to three occupancy scenarios over 12 month period using thermohygrometer sensors. The temperature data are analysed in comparison with the comfortable temperature range from 24°C to 28°C. The degree hour (DH) method was used to assess the severity of thermal discomfort in a hot and humid climate. The results reveal that the open C1, closed C2 and inhabited C3 rooms corresponding to scenarios C1, C2 and C3 respectively, have 7270.6°H, 9063.9°H and 10023°H. The inhabited room C3 has the largest DH and although the room C1 has the smallest DH, the latter largely exceeded the tolerable limit value of 1250°H set by the RE2020 Environmental Regulations. Results from this work can serve in building modelling for researchers and architects to act for the alleviation of thermal discomfort in regions with hot and humid climate.
Hybrid Quantum or Purely Classical? Assessing the Utility of Quantum Feature Embeddings
Authors: Richard J. Simon
Published: August 2024

Background As graph datasets—including social networks, supply chains, and bioinformatics data—grow in size and complexity, researchers are driven to search for solutions enhancing model efficiency and speed. One avenue that may provide a solution is Quantum Graph Learning (QGL), a subfield of Quantum Machine Learning (QML) that applies machine learning inspired or powered by quantum computing to graph learning tasks. Methods We reevaluate Quantum Feature Embeddings (QFE), a QGL methodology published by Xu et al. earlier this year. QFE uses Variational Quantum Circuits to preprocess node features and then sends them to a classical Graph Neural Network (GNN), with the goal of increasing performance and/or decreasing total model size. Xu et al. evaluated this methodology by comparing its performance with the performance of variously-sized classical models on the benchmark datasets PROTEINS and ENZYMES, and they report success. Our core methodology and learning task remain unchanged. However, we have made several changes to the experimental design that enhance the rigor of the study: 1) we include the testing of models with no embedder; 2) we conduct a thorough hyperparameter search using a state-of-the-art optimization algorithm; and 3) we conduct stratified five-fold cross-validation, which mitigates the bias produced by our small datasets and provides multiple test statistics from which we can calculate a confidence interval. Results We produce classical models that perform comparably to QFE and significantly outperform the small classical models used in Xu et al.’s comparison. Notably, many of our classical models achieve this using fewer parameters than the QFE models we trained. Xu et al. do not report their total model sizes. Conclusion Our study sheds doubt on the efficacy of QFE by demonstrating that small, well-tuned classical models can perform just as well as QFE, highlighting the importance of hyperparameter tuning and rigorous experimental design.
Methods of lowering the glycemic index of food and their underlying mechanisms - a review
Authors: Sornek Patrycja , Izdebska Wiktoria , Stanek Jakub , Perkowska Klaudia , Kaźmierczak Anna , Mich Anna , Pawlak Igor , Borkowska Agata , Ciesielski Radosław , Kiełb Anna
Published: August 2024

Introduction and purpose of review: The term glycemic index (GI) is the measure of how much a specific substance increases the postprandial blood glucose level [1]. Substances with lower GI promote a lower glycemic response and are said to promote satiety, postprandial insulin secretion and maintain insulin sensitivity and therefore help to control blood glucose concentrations [2]. According to guidelines on the management of patients with diabetes, type 2 diabetes mellitus patients’ source of carbohydrates in diet should be whole grain cereal products especially with low GI [3]. 
Type 2 diabetes is a chronic, metabolic disease occurring mostly in adults. It leads to numerous chronic complications that include e.g. macroangiopathy, retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy and diabetic foot as well as vulnerability to infections [2]. These complications lower the quality of life, generate costs when treating them and eventually lead to death. 
Currently there are about 422 million people with diabetes worldwide and the number is expected to rise [3]. Therefore it is crucial for patients to maintain their blood glucose at stable levels to prevent progression of the disease and its complications. The glycemic response can be modified by implementing a low GI diet. The aim of this study is to provide an overview of selected strategies lowering the glycemic index and the probable mechanisms by which they work.  
Methods: For this review, articles in the Pubmed and Google Scholar databases were analyzed as well as the references of previously found articles.
Current state of knowledge: Existing studies show that some strategies alter the glycemic index and glycemic response that can help diabetic patients to better control their glucose blood level.
Summary: This review summarizes studies concerning methods of lowering the glycemic index and mechanisms of action of those specific methods.
Anti-inflammatory effects of selected dietary components on endometriosis - review
Authors: Pawłowska Agata , Zatyka Piotr , Słomczyński Adam , Opala Dominika , Rabenda Michal , Osuch Dobromiła , Janik Piotr
Published: August 2024

Background: Endometriosis is a chronic inflammatory disorder that is among the most common gynaecological problems in women of reproductive age. The disease involves the presence of endometrial tissue outside the uterus, which manifests as pelvic pain and infertility. The main theory for its development suggests that endometrial cells move into the abdominal cavity during menstruation and implant there. This process leads to an increase in inflammatory cells and increased concentrations of cytokines, chemokines and prostaglandins, resulting in chronic inflammation.

Objective: The aim of this work is to analyse in detail the available studies on the anti-inflammatory effects of selected dietary components such as polyphenols, vitamin D and omega-3 fatty acids. The work aims to evaluate their potential as future therapeutic options for the treatment of endometriosis, with a critical approach to their efficacy and possible application in the treatment of this disease.Materials and methods: A review of the literature available in the PubMed database was conducted using the following phrases in English: endometriosis, pain, diet, polyphenols, resveratrol, curcumin, vitamin D3, OMEGA-3 acids, polyunsaturated acidsState of knowledge: Changing dietary patterns in patients with endometriosis may result in a reduction in levels of inflammatory markers, which are typically elevated in this disease. Polyphenols, such as resveratrol and curcumin, show anti-inflammatory effects and inhibit endometrial cell proliferation. Vitamin D3 shows anti-inflammatory effects and influences angiogenesis. Omega-3 fatty acids may reduce inflammation and endometrial proliferation.Conclusions: The literature review indicates that polyphenols, vitamin D3 and omega-3 fatty acids offer promising therapeutic properties for the treatment of endometriosis, with anti-inflammatory and proliferative, pain-relieving effects. Despite these promising results, further clinical trials are needed.
A New Model for the Joint Valuation of S&P 500 and VIX Options: Specification Analysis
Authors: Yuan Peixuan
Published: August 2024

Analyzing the specifications of pricing models for the joint valuation of S&P 500 and VIX options, I find that the existing models cannot adequately represent the two options markets. I introduce a new factor that controls the higher-order moments of the risk-neutral return distribution. The model I propose significantly outperforms all other alternatives, and particularly improves on the benchmark two-variance-factor model with cojumps by 23.66% in-sample and 31.64% out-of-sample. The performance analysis shows that the better fit results from improvements in the modeling of both S&P 500 and VIX options, highlighting the model features that are critical for reconciling the two markets.

This paper was accepted by Kay Giesecke, finance.

Funding: This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grants 72233003 and 72303233].

Supplemental Material: The online appendices and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.00327 .
Gingival Crevicular Fluid Volume and Protein Concentration: A Biomarker Tool for Predicting Periodontal Diseases Progression and Severity
Authors:   Department of Basic Sciences, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq, Ali Mohammed Faisal , Taha Ghada Ibrahim ,   Department of Basic Sciences, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
Published: August 2024

Periodontitis represents a significant public health challenge due to its complex pathogenesis and prevalence. This inflammatory disorder, driven by an interplay between microbial agents and the host immune response, emphasizes the critical need for early and accurate diagnostics. This study aims to measure the volume of GCF using Periotron® and potential biomarkers (NETs and IL-23) to predict periodontal disease severity and progression. In this cross-sectional study, 90 subjects (30 controls, 30 with Stage 1 periodontitis, and 30 with Stage 3 periodontitis) were involved at the Periodontics Department of the Dental College Teaching Hospital at Baghdad University. Samples were collected from November 2023 to May 2024. Participants were assessed for periodontal parameters, including Clinical Attachment Loss (CAL), Bleeding on Probing (BOP), and Probing Depth (PD). Gingival Crevicular Fluid (GCF) samples were collected and analyzed to measure the levels of NETs and IL-23 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The GCF volumes were quantified using the Periotron® 8010 device. A significant increase significantly in levels of NETs and IL-23 were found in stage 3 periodontitis (73.90 ± 6.58), (5.018 ± 1.081) compared to those in stage 1 and healthy controls (43.17 ± 4.47), (3.083 ± 0.569), (19.43 ± 4.63), (1.431 ± 0.586). The increased biomarker levels correlated significantly with higher GCF volumes (P <0.05). The findings suggest that NETs and IL-23 are significantly elevated in severe cases of periodontitis and may serve as reliable biomarkers for assessing disease progression. Their quantification could support the development of tailored treatment strategies, potentially improving patient outcomes.