bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The K2-138 System: A Near-resonant Chain of Five Sub-Neptune Planets Discovered by Citizen Scientists
Authors: Christiansen Jessie L. , Crossfield Ian J. M. , Barentsen Geert , Lintott Chris J. , Barclay Thomas , Simmons Brooke . D. , Petigura Erik , Schlieder Joshua E. , Dressing Courtney D. , Vanderburg Andrew , Allen Campbell , McMaster Adam , Miller Grant , Veldthuis Martin , Allen Sarah , Wolfenbarger Zach , Cox Brian , Zemiro Julia , Howard Andrew W. , Livingston John , Sinukoff Evan , Catron Timothy , Grey Andrew , Kusch Joshua J. E. , Terentev Ivan , Vales Martin , Kristiansen Martti H.
Published: January 2018

K2-138 is a moderately bright (V = 12.2, K = 10.3) main-sequence K star observed in Campaign 12 of the NASA K2 mission. It hosts five small (1.6–3.3

) transiting planets in a compact architecture. The periods of the five planets are 2.35, 3.56, 5.40, 8.26, and 12.76 days, forming an unbroken chain of near 3:2 resonances. Although we do not detect the predicted 2–5 minute transit timing variations (TTVs) with the K2 timing precision, they may be observable by higher-cadence observations with, for example, Spitzer or CHEOPS. The planets are amenable to mass measurement by precision radial velocity measurements, and therefore K2-138 could represent a new benchmark system for comparing radial velocity and TTV masses. K2-138 is the first exoplanet discovery by citizen scientists participating in the Exoplanet Explorers project on the Zooniverse platform.
Magnetic Reconnection in Strongly Magnetized Regions of the Low Solar Chromosphere
Authors: Ni Lei , Lukin Vyacheslav S. , Murphy Nicholas A. , Lin Jun
Published: January 2018

Magnetic reconnection in strongly magnetized regions around the temperature minimum region of the low solar atmosphere is studied by employing MHD-based simulations of a partially ionized plasma within a reactive 2.5D multi-fluid model. It is shown that in the absence of magnetic nulls in a low β plasma, the ionized and neutral fluid flows are well-coupled throughout the reconnection region. However, non-equilibrium ionization–recombination dynamics play a critical role in determining the structure of the reconnection region, leading to much lower temperature increases and a faster magnetic reconnection rate as compared to simulations that assume plasma to be in ionization–recombination equilibrium. The rate of ionization of the neutral component of the plasma is always faster than recombination within the current sheet region even when the initial plasma β is as high as

. When the reconnecting magnetic field is in excess of a kilogauss and the plasma β is lower than 0.0145, the initially weakly ionized plasmas can become fully ionized within the reconnection region and the current sheet can be strongly heated to above

K, even as most of the collisionally dissipated magnetic energy is radiated away. The Hall effect increases the reconnection rate slightly, but in the absence of magnetic nulls it does not result in significant asymmetries or change the characteristics of the reconnection current sheet down to meter scales.
Measurements of the Temperature and E-mode Polarization of the CMB from 500 Square Degrees of SPTpol Data
Authors: Henning J. W. , Sayre J. T. , Reichardt C. L. , Ade P. A. R. , Anderson A. J. , Austermann J. E. , Beall J. A. , Bender A. N. , Benson B. A. , Bleem L. E. , Carlstrom J. E. , Chang C. L. , Chiang H. C. , Cho H-M. , Citron R. , Moran C. Corbett , Crawford T. M. , Crites A. T. , Haan T. de , Dobbs M. A. , Everett W. , Gallicchio J. , George E. M. , Gilbert A. , Halverson N. W. , Harrington N. , Hilton G. C. , Holder G. P. , Holzapfel W. L. , Hoover S. , Hou Z. , Hrubes J. D. , Huang N. , Hubmayr J. , Irwin K. D. , Keisler R. , Knox L. , Lee A. T. , Leitch E. M. , Li D. , Lowitz A. , Manzotti A. , McMahon J. J. , Meyer S. S. , Mocanu L. , Montgomery J. , Nadolski A. , Natoli T. , Nibarger J. P. , Novosad V. , Padin S. , Pryke C. , Ruhl J. E. , Saliwanchik B. R. , Schaffer K. K. , Sievers C. , Smecher G. , Stark A. A. , Story K. T. , Tucker C. , Vanderlinde K. , Veach T. , Vieira J. D. , Wang G. , Whitehorn N. , Wu W. L. K. , Yefremenko V.
Published: January 2018

We present measurements of the E-mode polarization angular auto-power spectrum (EE) and temperature–E-mode cross-power spectrum (TE) of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) using 150 GHz data from three seasons of SPTpol observations. We report the power spectra over the spherical harmonic multipole range

and detect nine acoustic peaks in the EE spectrum with high signal-to-noise ratio. These measurements are the most sensitive to date of the EE and TE power spectra at

and

, respectively. The observations cover 500

, a fivefold increase in area compared to previous SPTpol analyses, which increases our sensitivity to the photon diffusion damping tail of the CMB power spectra enabling tighter constraints on ΛCDM model extensions. After masking all sources with unpolarized flux

mJy, we place a 95% confidence upper limit on residual polarized point-source power of

at

, suggesting that the EE damping tail dominates foregrounds to at least

with modest source masking. We find that the SPTpol data set is in mild tension with the ΛCDM model (

), and different data splits prefer parameter values that differ at the

level. When fitting SPTpol data at

, we find cosmological parameter constraints consistent with those for Planck temperature. Including SPTpol data at

results in a preference for a higher value of the expansion rate (

) and a lower value for present-day density fluctuations (

).
Chemical Abundance Analysis of Three α-poor, Metal-poor Stars in the Ultrafaint Dwarf Galaxy Horologium I*
Authors: Nagasawa D. Q. , Marshall J. L. , Li T. S. , Hansen T. T. , Simon J. D. , Bernstein R. A. , Balbinot E. , Drlica-Wagner A. , Pace A. B. , Strigari L. E. , Pellegrino C. M. , DePoy D. L. , Suntzeff N. B. , Bechtol K. , Walker A. R. , Abbott T. M. C. , Abdalla F. B. , Allam S. , Annis J. , Benoit-Lévy A. , Bertin E. , Brooks D. , Rosell A. Carnero , Kind M. Carrasco , Carretero J. , Cunha C. E. , D’Andrea C. B. , da Costa L. N. , Davis C. , Desai S. , Doel P. , Eifler T. F. , Flaugher B. , Fosalba P. , Frieman J. , García-Bellido J. , Gaztanaga E. , Gerdes D. W. , Gruen D. , Gruendl R. A. , Gschwend J. , Gutierrez G. , Hartley W. G. , Honscheid K. , James D. J. , Jeltema T. , Krause E. , Kuehn K. , Kuhlmann S. , Kuropatkin N. , March M. , Miquel R. , Nord B. , Roodman A. , Sanchez E. , Santiago B. , Scarpine V. , Schindler R. , Schubnell M. , Sevilla-Noarbe I. , Smith M. , Smith R. C. , Soares-Santos M. , Sobreira F. , Suchyta E. , Tarle G. , Thomas D. , Tucker D. L. , Wechsler R. H. , Wolf R. C. , Yanny B.
Published: January 2018

We present chemical abundance measurements of three stars in the ultrafaint dwarf galaxy Horologium I, a Milky Way satellite discovered by the Dark Energy Survey. Using high-resolution spectroscopic observations, we measure the metallicity of the three stars, as well as abundance ratios of several α-elements, iron-peak elements, and neutron-capture elements. The abundance pattern is relatively consistent among all three stars, which have a low average metallicity of [Fe/H] ∼ −2.6 and are not α-enhanced ([α/Fe] ∼ 0.0). This result is unexpected when compared to other low-metallicity stars in the Galactic halo and other ultrafaint dwarfs and suggests the possibility of a different mechanism for the enrichment of Hor I compared to other satellites. We discuss possible scenarios that could lead to this observed nucleosynthetic signature, including extended star formation, enrichment by a Population III supernova, and or an association with the Large Magellanic Cloud.
Constraining the Final Fates of Massive Stars by Oxygen and Iron Enrichment History in the Galaxy
Authors: Suzuki Akihiro , Maeda Keiichi
Published: January 2018

Recent observational studies of core-collapse supernovae suggest that only stars with zero-age main-sequence masses smaller than 16–

explode when they are red supergiants, producing Type IIP supernovae. This may imply that more massive stars produce other types of supernovae or they simply collapse to black holes without giving rise to bright supernovae. This failed supernova hypothesis can lead to significantly inefficient oxygen production because oxygen abundantly produced in inner layers of massive stars with zero-age main-sequence masses around 20–

might not be ejected into the surrounding interstellar space. We first assume an unspecified population of oxygen injection events related to massive stars and obtain a model-independent constraint on how much oxygen should be released in a single event and how frequently such events should happen. We further carry out one-box galactic chemical enrichment calculations with different mass ranges of massive stars exploding as core-collapse supernovae. Our results suggest that the model assuming that all massive stars with 9–

explode as core-collapse supernovae is still most appropriate in explaining the solar abundances of oxygen and iron and their enrichment history in the Galaxy. The oxygen mass in the Galaxy is not explained when assuming that only massive stars with zero-age main-sequence masses in the range of 9–17

contribute to the galactic oxygen enrichment. This finding implies that a good fraction of stars more massive than

should eject their oxygen layers in either supernova explosions or some other mass-loss processes.
Non-negative Matrix Factorization: Robust Extraction of Extended Structures
Authors: Ren 任 Bin 彬 , Pueyo Laurent , Zhu Guangtun Ben , Debes John , Duchêne Gaspard
Published: January 2018

We apply the vectorized non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) method to the post-processing of the direct imaging data of exoplanetary systems such as circumstellar disks. NMF is an iterative approach, which first creates a nonorthogonal and non-negative basis of components using the given reference images and then models a target with the components. The constructed model is then rescaled with a factor to compensate for the contribution from the disks. We compare NMF with existing methods (classical reference differential imaging method, and the Karhunen–Loève image projection algorithm) using synthetic circumstellar disks and demonstrate the superiority of NMF: with no need of prior selection of references, NMF not only can detect fainter circumstellar disks but also better preserves their morphology and does not require forward modeling. As an application to a well-known disk example, we process the archival Hubble Space Telescope STIS coronagraphic observations of HD 181327 with different methods and compare them, and NMF is able to extract some circumstellar materials inside the primary ring for the first time. In an appendix, we mathematically investigate the stability of NMF components during the iteration and the linearity of NMF modeling.
Mise à jour du modèle de fluidité fonctionnelle en éducation
Authors: Temple Susannah , Blondel Agnès , Cionca Valérie
Published: January 2018

Le prix Eric Berne 2014 a été attribué à Susannah Temple, PTTA-E (retraitée), pour son développement d’un modèle original du comportement social humain. Nous avons choisi de vous présenter ce modèle par l’intermédiaire d’un texte paru dans le vol 34 n°3 juillet 2004 du TAJ. Cette version de l’article remplace celle parue dans les AAT 148, car il a été nécessaire de clarifier la théorie du modèle de fluidité fonctionnelle en rendant la terminologie plus précise dans les graphiques ainsi que dans certaines parties essentielles du texte. Vous trouverez une présentation plus complète du travail de Susannah Temple en accès libre sur le site de l’ITAA dans le script, volume 44 n°5, mai 2014 –  https://www.itaaworld.org/current-back-issues-script . Ce nouveau modèle de fluidité fonctionnelle est accompagné d’un bref compte rendu des recherches qui ont mené à son développement. On explique les liens et les différences qu’il présente avec les modèles d’états du moi. On souligne aussi l’importance des concepts de fluidité fonctionnelle en éducation, ainsi que la possibilité d’utiliser ce modèle pour le développement tant personnel que professionnel des éducateurs.
Paroles d’intervenants
Authors: Fouache Gilles , Bustros Thierry , Chevetzoff Philippe
Published: January 2018

La pratique de l’intervention dans la perspective de Transition comporte trois étapes incontournables : l’analyse de la demande, la conception d’un dispositif d’intervention et la conduite des groupes au sein de ce dispositif. La conception du dispositif doit prendre en compte, certes, les problèmes à traiter mais aussi le fonctionnement de la structure concernée. Dans l’exemple développé ici, le dispositif est complexe parce que le fonctionnement organisationnel l’est aussi et que l’existence de groupes distincts est une nécessité ; tout comme la mise en place de liens entre ces groupes. L’analyse de la demande ne se limite pas à une compréhension de ce qui est demandé mais consiste en une analyse du contexte, des problèmes explicites et sous-jacents tout en prenant en compte la place de celui qui exprime une commande et ses enjeux. La conduite de groupe est la manière dont l’intervenant va gérer ce qui se joue dans les espaces de travail du dispositif. Cette conduite va être déterminée par l’analyse de ce qui est à l’œuvre. Elle vise à une élaboration partagée en groupe permettant une véritable évolution des pratiques.
Le transgénérationnel dans le groupe : illustration clinique
Authors: Cohou Dominique
Published: January 2018

Une vignette clinique illustre dans une séquence groupale, le processus d’élaboration d’objets transgénérationnels. Un incorporat se mobilise dans le groupe pour un sujet. Le jeu des identifications primaires qui se nouent dans l’espace du groupe de thérapie, dans le réseau transsubjectif et intersubjectif, permet l’initiation d’un processus d’élaboration. Par la suite, pour ce sujet, le groupe devient une scène où se diffracte dans l’espace et le temps, le trauma familial et infantile qui le hante. Les autres sont attendus dans des rôles complémentaires pour rejouer les scènes traumatiques du passé. Le repérage du transfert diffracté et celui du contre-transfert sont essentiels pour sortir de la confusion des imaginaires un temps à l’œuvre et ainsi permettre l’élaboration du traumatisme transgénérationnel.
L’associatif, l’inter-associatif, le trans-associatif. Réflexion sur leurs fondements psychiques ; à propos de deux fédérations
Authors: Lecourt Édith
Published: January 2018

La comparaison des fonctionnements de deux fédérations ayant pour objectif la formation de professionnels amène des interrogations sur leurs fondations, les cadres institués, les processus impliqués. Il y est notamment question des freins/re-freins et rituels ou codes mis en place pour accéder à l’alliance et de leur interprétation. Les difficultés du passage de l’inter-associatif au trans-associatif sont soulignées. L’article se présente comme un questionnement à partir d’observations sur ces fonctionnements.
Quand deux familles arrêtent brutalement et ne reviendront pas
Authors: Husser Anne
Published: January 2018

Cet article tente d’approcher l’échec et le sentiment d’échec qui peuvent étreindre un praticien lorsqu’un processus thérapeutique bien engagé vient à s’interrompre brutalement et définitivement. À partir d’une métaphore permettant de souligner divers enjeux métapsychologiques à l’œuvre, l’auteur centre sa réflexion théorico-clinique sur la notion psychanalytique de tache aveugle illustrée à travers deux situations familiales. Elle conclut au risque réel d’échec et de sentiment avéré de ratage, à travers la motion organisatrice de la tache aveugle d’un cadre préformé, mais non contenant.
De la grande difficulté à mettre en place un traitement dans les problématiques narcissiques identitaires
Authors: de Barbanson Élisabeth
Published: January 2018

Cette réflexion vise à ouvrir une possible réponse à l’interrogation : « Limite ou échec thérapeutique ? ». À travers la vignette clinique d’un patient reçu deux fois en consultation, cet article se propose d’interroger les éprouvés contretransférentiels d’effroi et de sidération en regard avec son histoire. Des traces internes traumatiques de son histoire familiale entraveraient la subjectivation, amoindriraient son insight . Comment, dans de telles conditions psychiques, un travail d’élaboration serait-il envisageable si le sujet n’a pas une reconnaissance, une acceptation, même partielle, de sa propre souffrance ?
Filiation traumatique et amorce du travail du lien chez un enfant placé en Protection de l’enfance
Authors: Derivois Daniel , Charpillat-Richard Émilie
Published: January 2018

L’élaboration de la filiation traumatique vers une filiation affective nécessite la mise en place de dispositifs adaptés permettant le travail de retissage des liens intrapsychiques et intersubjectifs chez l’enfant et sa famille. L’étude rapportée par cet article est réalisée en mecs (maison d’enfants à caractère social) à partir du cas d’un enfant issu d’un viol. Trois entretiens mère-enfant répartis en trois temps ont été mis en place pour permettre à la mère, victime de violences conjugales, de renouer le contact avec son fils en perte de repères. Les résultats montrent que l’enfant a beaucoup investi le dispositif en faisant appel à son imaginaire de la scène originaire et en mobilisant les professionnels dans les mouvements contretransférentiels. La souplesse du dispositif et la capacité des professionnels à se laisser utiliser ont servi de garant à la reconstruction de l’origine.
Premature Thelarche
Authors: Khokhar Aditi , Mojica Angela
Published: January 2018

Premature thelarche is a benign condition that affects young girls and may be interpreted as a sign of central precocious puberty (CPP). Parental concern is common when breast development is noted in a young girl. It is important to differentiate premature thelarche from CPP, as the latter is a more serious disorder that may affect final adult height and menarcheal age, and may have psychological implications as well. Distinguishing between the two conditions clinically may help the patients avoid unnecessary testing. Pediatricians can play a pivotal role by providing reassurance to families and helping alleviate parental anxiety. This article reviews the clinical presentation of premature thelarche, its usual course, and implications.

[
Pediatr Ann.
2018;47(1):e12–e15.]
Premature Adrenarche
Authors: Novello Laura , Speiser Phyllis W.
Published: January 2018

Adrenarche is when a child's adrenal cortex starts to secrete adrenal androgen precursors. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) is the most abundant product of the adrenal cortex, and is a weak androgen agonist thought to be responsible for the clinical signs of pubarche by conversion to more potent androgens, testosterone, and dihydrotestosterone. DHEA's extra-adrenal sulfation product, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, is a stable marker for adrenal androgenic activity. Pubarche is the physical manifestation of androgenic hormone production, and includes the development of pubic and axillary hair, adult body odor, and acne. This stage is usually considered premature if it commences before age 8 years in girls or age 9 years in boys. Premature adrenarche is a diagnosis of exclusion, as true centrally mediated precocious puberty, congenital adrenal hyperplasia, exogenous androgen exposure, and androgen-secreting tumors must be ruled out. Premature adrenarche may be associated with a history of an infant who was small for gestational age at birth who then gained weight rapidly thereafter or became obese. In some instances, premature adrenarche may predict functional ovarian hyperandrogenism in adolescence. Management of premature adrenarche is largely aimed at observation, lifestyle adjustments for weight concerns, and monitoring for future possible persistent androgen excess and insulin resistance.

[
Pediatr Ann.
2018;47(1):e7–e11.]
Menstrual Irregularities
Authors: Foster Christy , Al-Zubeidi Hiba
Published: January 2018

Irregular menstrual cycles are a common complaint among adolescents. There are multiple etiologies for menstrual irregularities. It is important to have a stepwise approach, including obtaining a thorough medical history and performing a physical examination, when patients present. Understanding the characteristics of the menstrual cycle helps determine the etiology. This article discusses the differential diagnosis of irregular menstrual cycles, as well as the approach to evaluation and management. The common conditions and defining characteristics are also discussed.

[
Pediatr Ann.
2018;47(1):e23–e28.]
Karst and Caves in Salt Diapirs, SE Zagros Mts. (Iran)
Authors: Bosák Pavel , Bruthans Jiří , Filippi Michal , Svoboda Tomáš , Šmíd Jakub
Published: January 2018

Na področju Perzijskega zaliva je znanih okoli 200 solnih diapirjev, med njimi mnogo aktivnih. Kraške kamnine predstavljajo največ kamena sol in redkeje sadra ter anhidrid. Kraške oblike, popolnoma primerljive z oblikami v “klasičnih” karbonatnih kamninah, so najbolje razvite v ostankih uravnanih površij. Tako so škraplje, “solution pipes”, vrtače, udorne vrtače, depresije podobne uvalam in poljem, slepe doline, soteske, ponori, izviri in jame. Tod sta bili odkriti in raziskani dve izmed najdaljših jam v soli na svetu. Daljše jame so nastale predvsem v piezometrični gladini, večje pa v diapirjih ob morski obali. Jame pogosto predstavljajo odtok iz depresij, podobnih poljem. V dnu udornih vrtač in v ponorih so tudi strme, skoraj navpične jame. Kraški procesi so omejeni predvsem na sol, redkeje na sadro. Predvsem gre za raztapljanje in odnašanje soli izpod neprepustnega pokrova (gypcrete). V nekaterih diapirjih je dokazano globoko kroženje padavinske vode.About 200 salt diapirs (plugs) have been known in the region of the Persian Gulf. numerous are still active. Karst rocks are represented by a rock salt, less frequently by gypsum and anhydrite. Karst developed especially in relics of planated surfaces. Karst forms are completely comparable with karsts in classical carbonate rocks. Different forms can be distinguished: karren, solution pipes, solution dolines, solution-collapse dolines, uvalalike to polje-like depressions, blind valleys, canyon-like forms, ponors, springs and caves. Two World longest caves in salt were discovered and explored here. Long caves are developed especially in a watertable, large ones in plugs near the seacoast. Caves are often outlets of closed depressions (polje-like). Some caves at bottoms of collapse-solution dolines or swallow holes are subvertical. Karst processes are caused dominantly by dissolution of salt, less frequently of gypsum. The process of subrosion of halite under gypcretes plays the main role. Deep circulation of meteoric waters was proved in some plugs.
Vertical Zonation of the Speleogenetic Space
Authors: Šušteršič France
Published: January 2018

Namen članka je pokazati, da ne obstoji samo prostorska domena, kjer podzemske kraške oblike sistematično prehajajo v nekaj drugega in izginjajo, ampak tudi, da lahko na osnovi tega znanja kraške votline trdneje vpnemo v logični okvir geospeleološkega prostora/časa. Prava kraška jama je vsaka podzemska kraška oblika, ki je nastala kot posledica odnašanja mase v raztopini, ob pogoju, da je trajekrotorija vodnega toka, ki jo je izoblikoval, tekla skozi (jamo), ne glede na njene izmere. Speleogenetski prostor definiramo v tem kontekstu kot tisti del Zemljine skorje, v katerem lahko nastajajo kraške jame. Tedaj je zakrasela kamninska masa aktiviran speleogenetski prostor. Zaradi denudacije in zniževanja gladine podtalnice se zdi, da posamezna jama po speleogentskem prostoru potuje navzgor, dokler ne doseže površja. Kraška denudacija deluje navpično in prizadeva matično kamnino znotraj cele vrhnje plasti, isto pa seveda velja za vse oblike znotraj kamnine. Zato lahko uvedemo pojem speleotanske cone. Znotraj nje je napadena vsa kamnina, na vsaki možni površini in končna posledica je njeno popolno izničenje. Slično razgradnjo bodo v stiku z agresivno vodo doživele vse strukture v kamnini, ne glede na izvor. Glede na značilno oblikovanje/razgrajevanje kraških votlin lahko znotraj spelogenetskega prostora definiramo tri speleoformativne/de-formativne cone.The point of this paper is to demonstrate that not only the spatial domain where underground karst phenomena are being systematically transformed exist but also that this knowledge makes the role of caves within the geospeleological space/time more consistent. A true cave is any underground karst feature resulting from mass removal, regardless of its dimensions provided that the trajectory of the formative water passes through the cave and that the mass is removed in liquid phase (solution). Speleogenetic space is defined as that portion of the Earth’s crust within which karst caverns may be formed. Thus, a karstified rock mass is defined as activated speleogenetic space. Due to the effects of denudation and watertable lowering, as the time passes a single cave seems to move upwards through speleogentic space, until it reaches the surface. The denudational logic of the karst surface is vertical, and the rock suffers disintegration throughout the thickness of its outermost layers. The same argument applies also to in-rock features. Consequently, the idea of the speleothanatic zone is introduced. Within it all of the rock is attacked, on any possible surface, and the final result is its complete annihilation. It may be expected that all structures, of any origin, that expose the rock surface to contact with aggressive water, will evolve via some “speleothanatic” progression. It is demonstrated that three vertical zones of specific formative/de-formative processes exist within speleogenetic space.
Karst Terraines in Iran - Examples from Lorestan
Authors: Ahmadipour Mohammad Reza
Published: January 2018

Kraški svet predstavlja 13 % ozemlja Irana. Karbonatne kamnine so eocenske, oligo-miocenske, miocenske, jurske in kredne starosti. Večina jih je razvitih v bazenih Mazindarana in Zagrosa. Zaradi prevladujočih tektonskih aktivnosti so kamnine zagroške cone bolj zakrasele. 56 % vseh izvirov je prav v tej coni. Lorestansko in zagroško cono sestavljajo vzporedne antiklinale v katerih so, zaradi tektonskih premikov, kamnine nagubane in razpokane. Nagubanost in prepokanost je osnova vodonosnikov. V Karbonatnih kamninah Lorestana so razvite vse kraške oblike, kot škraplje, vrtače in jame. Njabolje razvite kraške oblike je videti v skupini Bangeston. Večina izvirov je vzdolž tektonskih linij ali na križišču teh linij. Kemične analize kažejo, da so vode bikarbonatnega tipa. Prestolnica Lorestana, Khorramabad, se oskrbuje z vodo iz kraških izvirov. Prispevek podrobneje obravnava kraško hidrologijo dveh pomembnejših regij v Lorestanu.In Iran karst terrain covers about 13% of the total area. The carbonate rocks belong to the Eocene, Oligocene- Miocene, Miocene, Jurassic and Cretaceous. Most of the carbonate rocks are developed in the basins of Mazindaran and Zagros. The carbonate rocks in the Zone of Zagros, due to the prevailing tectonic activities, have undergone more processes of karstification. About 56 % of all the springs originated from this zone. In Lorestan the Zagros zone consists of a series of parallel anticlines in which, due to the tectonic movements, the rocks have undergone folding and fracturing. The folding and fracturing have created rich ground water reservoirs. The carbonate rocks of Lorestan show all types of karst features such as karren, dolines and caves. The most developed karstic features are seen in the Bangeston group. Most of the springs are discharged either along the lineaments or at the intersection of the lineaments. The chemical analyses of the samples show that they are of bicarbonate type. The drinking water of the city of Khorramabad (capital of Lorestan) is supplied from the karstic springs. In this paper, the karst hydrology of two important regions of Lorestan are considered.
Age and Magnetism of Cave Sediments from Postojnska jama Cave System and Planinska jama Cave, Slovenia
Authors: Šebela Stanka , Sasowsky Ira D.
Published: January 2018

Iz 3-eh različnih lokacij v Postojnskem jamskem sistemu in iz ene lokacije v Planinski jami smo analizirali 28 vzorcev za paleomagnetizem. To so prvi objavljeni rezultati o paleomagnetizmu jamskih sedimentov iz teh dveh jam. Sedimenti kažejo normalni magnetni obrat saj so bili odločeni v Brunhes normalnem obdobju (mlajše od 0,73 Ma). V zgornjem nivoju sistema Postojnskih jam pa sedimenti kažejo magnetni obrat, ki ga uvrščamo med 0,73-0,90 MaWe completed paleomagnetic analyses of 28 samples of cave sediments from 3 different locations in Postojnska jama cave system and one location in Planinska jama cave. These are the first published paleomagnetic studies of cave sediments from these caves. These sediments showed normal polarity, and were deposited during the Brunhes Normal Epoch (younger than 0,73 Ma). However, an additional more complex sediment deposit in an upper section of the Postojnska jama cave system, showed reverse polarity, probably indicating an age between 0,73 and 0,90 Ma.
Gypsum-Karst Collapse in the Black Hills, South Dakota-Wyoming, USA
Authors: Epstein Jack B.
Published: January 2018

Medplastno raztapljanje sadre in anhidrita v štirih stratigrafskih enotah starosti od karbona do jure na področju Black Hills, South Dakota in Wyoming, je povzročilo mnogo udorov, ki so se prvotno razvili v zgornjih netopnih kamninah. Udori so prizadeli več naseljenih območij. Podzemeljsko medplastno raztapljanje anhidrita Minnelusa formacije je povzročilo regionalno podorno brečo, velike prekinitve plastnatosti, mnogo vrtač ter brečaste kope, izmed katerih se nekatere razprostirajo 300 m v zgoraj ležeče plasti. Recentni udori so povzročili strme vrtače globje od 20 m, udore v vodnjakih in izvirih, ki so posledica prekinitve sedimentov in onesnaženja ter sveže morfološke stopnje, ki obkrožajo plitve depresije. Veliko plasti sadre je deformiranih zaradi ekspanzije, kar je posledica njene hidracije iz anhidrita. Mnogo sadrinih žilic najdemo vzdolž naključnih razpok v matičnih plasteh sadre. Ob izvirih se pojavlja več vrtač. Ker čelno raztapljanje anhidrita v podzemlju Minnelusa formacije napreduje vzdolž vpada in radialno izven centra dviganja področja Black Hills, bodo ti izviri presahnili, pojavili pa se bodo novi skladni z geomorfološkim razvojem področja Black Hills. Stare brečaste kope, ki so ohranjene v prečnih profilih sten soteske, kaæejo na nekdanji položaj čelnega raztapljanja. Mirror Lake, ki se razprostira proti SZ vzdolž smeri vpada, je lokalna primerjava napredujočega čela raztapljanja.Intrastratal dissolution of gypsum and anhydrite in four stratigraphic units of Pennsylvanian to Jurassic age in the Black Hills of South Dakota and Wyoming has resulted in many collapse features that have developed primarily in the non-soluble overlying rocks. Subsidence has affected several areas that are undergoing urban development. Subsurface intrastratal dissolution of anhydrite in the Minnelusa Formation has produced a regional collapse breccia, extensive disruption of bedding, many dolines, and breccia pipes and pinnacles, some of which extend upwards more than 300 m into overlying strata. Recent collapse is evidenced by steepwalled dolines more than 20 m deep, collapse in water wells and natural springs resulting in sediment disruption and contamination, and fresh circular scarps surrounding shallow depressions. Many beds of gypsum are contorted because of expansion due to its hydration from anhydrite, and many gypsum veinlets extend downward along random fractures from parent gypsum beds. Several dolines are sites of resurgent springs. As the anhydrite dissolution front in the subsurface Minnelusa moves downdip and radially away from the center of the Black Hills uplift, these resurgent springs will dry up and new ones will form as the geomorphology of the Black Hills evolves. Old dolines and breccia pipes, preserved in cross section on canyon walls, attest to the former position of the dissolution front. Mirror Lake, which is expanding northwestward in a downdip direction, is a local analog of a migrating dissolution front.
Patterns of Collapse Chambers in the Endokarsts of Mallorca (Balearic Islands, Spain)
Authors: Ginés Àngel
Published: January 2018

Prispevek podaja pregled razporeditve podornih dvoran na krasu Mallorce. Na načrtih mnogih jam je mogoče razločiti enostavne podorne dvorane in vrste velikih jamskih prostorov, eno glavnih sestavin tamkajšnjih jam, kar kaže na velik pomen teh dveh elementov. Za opis in boljše razumevanje razporeditve udorov so lahko zelo koristni podatki, pridobljeni s pomočjo podrobnega kartiranja različnih podornih struktur, kot so podorni stožci, nagnjena podorna pobočja, prerezi v obliki obokov, »stičišča«, podorni zamaški in kupolaste strukture.A general overview on the patterns of collapse chambers in the karsts of Mallorca is presented. The great significance of single breakdown chambers and strings of large rooms as one of the major constituents of cave patterns is easy to recognize in the cave surveys of many Majorcan caves. Detailed mapping of several collapse features such as breakdown piles, sloped boulder floors, vault profiles, coalescence areas, boulder chokes and dome structures can yield useful information regarding description and better understanding of cave collapse patterns.
Upper Miocene Karst Collapse Structures of the East Coast, Mallorca, Spain
Authors: Ardila Pedro Robledo , Pomar Luis
Published: January 2018

V obalnih stenah na Mallorci (Zahodno Sredozemlje) so obsežni izdanki zgornjemiocenskih karbonatnih kamnin. Na vzhodni obali otoka prekrivajo grebenski sklop mesinijski plitvovodni karbonati. Tod so v zgornjemiocenskih kamninah številne paleokraške podorne strukture. V apnence Santanyí so vrezane strukture v obliki črke V, kar kaže na udiranje stropov jam, nastalih v spodaj ležečih grebenskih sklopih. Glede na model je mogoče nastanek nekaterih izmed teh kraških podornih struktur povezati z zgodnjimi diagenetskimi procesi, na katere so vplivale pogoste spremembe nivoja morske gladine. V času nizkega nivoja morske gladine je sladkovodni tok izdolbel jamski sistem v bližini vodne gladine na tak način, da je raztapljal aragonit v frontalnem faciesu in skupke koral v obstoječih lagunskih plasteh. Ta jamski sistem se je razvijal v bližini površinske erozijske baze. Med kasnejšim dvigom morske gladine so plasti notranjega dela šelfa prekrile predhodno zakraselo jedro grebena in izvenlagunske plasti. Vrezane »V« strukture je lahko povzročila povečana teža odloženih plitvovodnih karbonatov, zaradi česar je prihajalo do gravitacijskih udiranj jamskih stropov v času, ko te plasti še niso bile popolnoma strjene.In the sea cliffs on the Mallorca Island, Western Mediterranean there are extensive outcrops of Upper Miocene carbonate rocks. On the Eastern coast of Mallorca, the reefal complex is overlain by a Messinian shallowwater carbonate complex. There are abundant Paleokarst collapse structures. The Santanyí Limestone beds are affected by V-incasion structures produced by roof collapse of caverns developed in the underlying reefal complex. According to the model, the origin of some of these karst-collapse structures may be related to early diagenetic processes controlled by high-frequency sea-level fluctuations. During lowstands of sea level, freshwater flow might have create a cave system near the water table by dissolution of aragonite in the reef front facies and coral patches existing in the lagoonal beds. This cave system developed near the subaerial erosion surface. During subsequent rise of sea level inner-shelf beds overlaid the previously karstified reef-core and outer-lagoonal beds. Increase of loading by subsequent accretion of the shallow-water carbonates might have produced V-incasion structures by gravitational collapse of cave roofs when these beds were still not completely consolidated.
Morphogenetical Aspects of Collapse Dolines and Open Pits in the Karst of the Venetian Fore-Alps
Authors: Sauro Ugo
Published: January 2018

Avtor ugotavlja 6 vzrokov nastajanja udornic in odpiranja novih brezen v Beneških Predalpah: udor stropa, obglavljenje podzemeljske jame, povezava speleogenetskih procesov z dinamiko v epikrasu, polzenje polnila v jame, polzenje pokrova iz nevezane kamnine, odpiranje zaradi potresov. Tip krasa na obravnavanem ozemlju je površinski odraz razvoja odtočnih struktur v epikrasu.The author found 6 reasons related to formation of collapse dolines and openings of karst shafts in Venetian Fore-Alps: a) collapse of the roof, decapping of hypogean cavity, speleogenesis and dynamics of the epikarst, swallowing of filling materials inside hypogean voids, swallowing cover of loose materials, opening by seismic shocks.
Are “Collapse Dolines” Formed Only by Collapse?
Authors: Šušteršič France
Published: January 2018

Razprava teče o udornicah, enem na videz najbolje definiranih površinskih kraških pojavov. Kljub temu je v literaturi zaslediti zelo različne poglede, nekateri vidiki njihove geomorfogeneze pa so bili doslej prezrti. Predvsem gre za za nadalnji razvoj globeli v kraškem površju, potem ko so prepadne stene udornice že uničene, pobočja oblikuje samo še žepasto preperevanje, denudacija pa se je zajedla že globoko pod dno nekdanjega jamskega rova. Take globeli imenuje avtor fantomske udornice. V nadalnjem obravnava pet v Sloveniji najbolj običajnih tipov udornic in jih klasificira s pomočjo terminologije splošne teorije sistemov. Zaključuje, da sam udor stropa ostaja bistven del celotnega procesa, je pa volumsko lahko zelo podrejen. The paper concerns collapse dolines, which appear to be one of the best-defined surface karst phenomena. Despite this appearance, one may find quite different views in the literature, and some the aspects of their morphogenesis have been overlooked completely. Among these aspects the most obvious is the question of the ongoing development of the closed depression. After the perpendicular walls have disappeared, the slopes are reshaped only by pocket weathering, and denudation penetrates deep below the former level of the preexisting cave floor. Dolines at this stage of development have been termed phantom collapse dolines. Five of the most common collapse doline types found in Slovenia are considered in terms of general systems theory, leading to a conclusion that cave roof collapse remains the crucial event in a collapse doline’s development. However, the collapse event itself may be relatively subdued in terms of the volume of free fallen mass involved.
Evaluation of Potential Overwinter Mortality of Age-0 Walleye and Appropriate Age-1 Sampling Gear
Authors: Grote Jeffrey D. , Wuellner Melissa R. , Blackwell Brian G. , Lucchesi David O.
Published: January 2018

Potential recruitment of age-0 Walleye Sander vitreus to adults is often indexed by the relative abundance of age-0 individuals during their first summer or fall. However, relationships between age-0 and adult Walleye abundance are often weak or nonsignificant in many waters. Overwinter mortality during the first year of life has been hypothesized as an important limitation to Walleye recruitment in lakes, but limited evidence of such mortality exists, likely due to difficulties in sampling age-1 Walleye during spring. The objectives of this study were to: 1) compare results from nighttime electrofishing to index relative abundance of age-1 Walleyes with relative abundance indices of minifyke nets in four eastern South Dakota lakes; 2) determine whether size-selective mortality was occurring in those four lakes; and 3) if size-selective mortality was occurring in these lakes, determine whether that mortality was attributed to body condition. We sampled four natural lakes in eastern South Dakota 2 wk after ice-off in 2013 and 2014. Precision of nighttime electrofishing (coefficient of variation = 216.6) was greater than that estimated for minifyke nets (coefficient of variation = 338.5) across both years. We detected no differences in length-frequency distributions of collected spring age-1 Walleye between the two gears. Age-0 fall relative abundance indices from electrofishing were significantly greater (P < 0.01) than spring age-1 nighttime electrofishing indices of relative abundance at three of the four study lakes, indicating that overwinter mortality may occur at a substantial rate during the first year of life for Walleye in these systems. Quantile–quantile regression plots showed evidence of size-selective mortality in three of four lakes sampled. However, body condition of age-0 Walleye appeared to have little to no influence on overwinter mortality. Instead, we suggest that smaller-sized walleye may be more vulnerable to overwinter predation. Collectively, these results provide evidence of previously hypothesized overwinter mortality within the first year for Walleye and indicate possibilities for indexing potential adult recruitment of Walleye just after this critical period.
La vallée engloutie (Volume 2 : catalogue des sites)
Authors: Gaborit Justine
Published: January 2018

La construction sur l’Euphrate des barrages turcs et syriens a entraîné la disparition d’un tiers des sites hellénistiques, romains et byzantins de la vallée ; elle a modifié le rôle que le Moyen-Euphrate jouait depuis des millénaires comme axe principal de circulation et d’échanges entre la Méditerranée et la Mésopotamie. Cet essai de géographie historique se propose de poursuivre la synthèse que René Dussaud avait consacrée aux rives de l’Euphrate dans la Topographie historique de la Syrie antique et médiévale, publiée en 1927. En croisant différentes sources textuelles et documentaires, des écrits des géographes antiques aux images satellitaires, cette étude, accompagnée de nombreuses illustrations, met en valeur les dynamiques géographiques et historiques qui ont marqué l’occupation de la vallée depuis la fin du IVe s. av. J.-C. jusqu’au VIIe s. (volume 1).Complément indispensable de l’étude d’ensemble, le catalogue (volume 2) présente 212 notices, accompagnées d’une très riche documentation graphique et photographique sur les sites archéologiques de la vallée : centres urbains, villages, forteresses, églises, monastères, nécropoles du Moyen-Euphrate durant les périodes hellénistique, romaine et byzantine. Il permet de parcourir les deux rives du fleuve, de Zeugma à Doura-Europos : ainsi se trouve rassemblée la somme des données archéologiques représentatives des profondes mutations intervenues entre la colonisation séleucide et le siècle de Justinien.
Let's Go Green
Authors: Banerjee Snehasish , Sing Tan Yu , Chowdhury Anisur Reza , Anwar Haris
Published: January 2018

To shed light on how green computing can assist organizations in achieving improved competitive advantage and business sustainability, this chapter has two objectives. First, it aims to develop a theoretically informed taxonomy of enablers that have the potential to incentivize organizations to go green. Second, with the taxonomy as the lens of analysis, it seeks to study the adoption of green computing by two well-known technology giants, namely, Hewlett-Packard and Microsoft Corporation. The taxonomy, which was informed by the theoretical perspectives of short-termism and impression management, identifies three enablers. These include the financial enabler, the technical enabler, and the marketing enabler. Moreover, a case study method was adopted to trace the greenification journey of Hewlett-Packard and Microsoft Corporation. Contributions and implications of the study are discussed both from a theoretical point of view as well as a practical point of view.
Evaluation of the Relationship Between Nutritional Status and Quality of Life Among Nursing Home Residents With Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Keser Alev , Yildirim Filiz
Published: January 2018

The purpose of this study was to determine nutritional status and its influence on their quality of life in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients with Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) and anthropometric measurements. This study was conducted with 57 Alzheimer type dementia patients between the ages of 52 and 89 who live in nursing homes in Ankara/Turkey. In this study, it was found that the 57.9% of the AD patients were at risk of malnutrition, and that 19.3% were malnourished. Malnutrition risk rises as the length of stay increases (p< .05). A significant correlation between body weight and quality of life as well as one between calf circumference and quality of life was detected (p< .05). In this study, nutrient intake among aged individuals with AD was found unbalanced; a statistically significant correlation between energy / nutrient intake and quality of life also was not detected.
Technologies for Food, Health, Livelihood, and Nutrition Security
Authors: Khader Vijaya
Published: January 2018

Intervention of various technologies to improve the food and nutritional status of the population proved the following facts: Promotion of malt based small scale food industry not only provides opportunity for rural women to develop entrepreneurship and employment, but also provides food and nutritional security through income generation. Several technologies were developed under NATP like value addition to fish and prawn products, artificial pearl culture, processing of salted fish, which helped the self help group women of Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu to improve their economic status. Received two patents and licensed the technology which helped the women to reduce their drudgery and also preserve the fresh fish for a longer time without getting spoiled. Product development can be taken as income generating activity in the rural areas by the illiterate women. Products can be included in supplementary feeding programs in order to improve the nutritional status of the vulnerable groups of the population. The horse gram which is commonly used for cattle feed can be diversified for human consumption with less investment. Mothers as well as Anganwadi workers preferred amylase rich supplementary foods which reduced Grade 3 and grade 4 malnutrition in Preschool children significantly. The studies revealed that spawn multiplication can be done by women as a co-operative venture and mushroom cultivation can be undertaken at household level as an income-generating activity. Introducing red palm oil is beneficial to overcome vitamin A deficiency. Impact of women's supplementary income on family's nutritional status showed that the supplementary income of women has a positive impact on the socioeconomic status of the family. This impact is particularly felt on the food and nutrient intake of the family contributing towards food and nutrition security.
Health Promoting Effects of Kimchi
Authors: Ju Kim Hyun , Eung-Soo Han
Published: January 2018

Kimchi is a traditional Korean food manufactured by fermenting vegetables with probiotic Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB). Many bacteria are involved in the fermentation of kimchi, but LAB become dominant while the putrefactive bacteria are suppressed during salting of baechu cabbage and the fermentation. The addition of other subingredients and formation of fermentation byproducts of LAB promote the fermentation process of LAB to eventually lead to eradication of putrefactive and pathogenic bacteria, and also increase the functionalities of kimchi. Accordingly, kimchi can be considered a vegetable probiotic food that contributes health benefits in a similar manner as yogurt as a dairy probiotic food. Further, the major ingredients of kimchi are cruciferous vegetables; and other healthy functional foods such as garlic, ginger, red pepper powder, and so on are added to kimchi as subingredients. As all of these ingredients undergo fermentation by LAB, kimchi is regarded as a source of LAB; and the fermentative byproducts from the functional ingredients significantly boost its functionality. Because kimchi is both tasty and highly functional, it is typically served with steamed rice at every Korean meal. Health functionality of kimchi, based upon our research and that of other, includes anticancer, antiobesity, anticonstipation, colorectal health promotion, probiotic properties, cholesterol reduction, fibrolytic effect, antioxidative and antiaging properties, brain health promotion, immune promotion, and skin health promotion. In this review we describe the health functionalities of kimchi and the probiotic properties of its LAB.