bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Digitization in Austrian small-town regions: opportunities and risks for spatial planning and development
Authors: Stroissnig Ulrike
Published: August 2022

The digitization of our society continues to progress, which comes with implications for cities and regions. This paper reviews the existing literature on digitization and spatial development. It then identifies the potentially concerned sectors of spatial development through re-interpreting the basic ‘functions of existence’ in the light of digitization. Expert interviews in three selected Austrian small-town regions inform the outcome of the paper: an extensive list of opportunities and risks through digitization in the fields of mobility, economy, tourism, environment, social infrastructure, local governance and planning.
Zmiany zaludnienia obszarów wiejskich w Polsce a ich poziom rozwoju społeczno-gospodarczego = Changes in population in rural areas of Poland as set against their levels of socio-economic development
Authors: Rosner Andrzej , Wesołowska Monika
Published: August 2022

Recently in Poland there has been an intensive process of transforming the economic structure of rural areas, which manifests itself, inter alia, in changing the occupational structure of its inhabitants. Development of non-agricultural ways of farming in rural areas leads to creation of rural areas of multifunctional character, with population growth, where the role of agriculture as a source of income of inhabitants is decreasing. On the other hand, in the marginal areas, with still dominant agricultural function, there is a significant population loss. One of the effects of the observed process are changes in rural settlements. The aim of the presented research is to deepen the existing knowledge on the evolution of spatial distribution of rural population depending on the level of socio-economic development of the region and structural features of the level achieved. The authors used research conducted within the framework of monitoring rural development in Poland. They compared them with the statistical database of the Central Statistical Office, which made it possible to distinguish growing and depopulating villages. The results of the study confirmed that the spatial differentiation of population in rural areas undergoes constant evolution and its effect is a decrease of population in areas located far from larger cities and an increase in suburban areas.
History Teaching, Sensitive Issues and Identity Building in France
Authors: Zadora Anna
Published: August 2022

The teaching of history is connected to sensitive issues, which provoke social divisions and debates and which do not have scientific consensus. Sensitivity is explained by the social missions of history teaching: to catalyse the construction of identity, to build a border between “us”
and “the other - the stranger”. The questions addressed during history classes are “time bombs”. Teaching history implies the transposition of social debate into the classroom and drawing attention to the political dimension of the subject. The article is focused on
sensitive issues in history teaching in France. In 2019, we conducted a study to assess which issues were experienced by teachers as sensitive in class, what are the reasons for the sensitivity, and what personal and institutional conditions might help teachers in overcoming such situations.
The article analyses the practices of the main actors of education - teachers confronted with official instructions, with the pressure of curricula, and with the reaction of pupils and their parents in France. The questionnaire collected 188 responses of French history secondary school teachers
from all regions, from different social contexts, teaching pupils of different ages (from 11 to 18 years old). The aim of the article is not to conduct a banal review of the superabundant literature on the issue, but to bring a fresh and value-added look at empirical results in a specific
context.
Embedding the value of coastal ecosystem services into climate change adaptation planning
Authors: Wedding Lisa M. , Reiter Sarah , Moritsch Monica , Hartge Eric , Reiblich Jesse , Gourlie Don , Guerry Anne
Published: August 2022

Coastal habitats, such as salt marshes and dune systems, can protect communities from hazards by reducing coastline exposure. However, these critical habitats and their diverse ecosystem services are threatened by coastal development and the impacts from a changing climate. Ever increasing pressure on coastal habitats calls for coastal climate adaptation efforts that mitigate or adapt to these pressures in ways that maintain the integrity of coastal landscapes. An important challenge for decisionmakers is determining the best mitigation and adaptation strategies that not only protect human lives and property, but also safeguard the ability of coastal habitats to provide a broad suite of benefits. Here, we present a potential pathway for local-scale climate change adaptation planning through the identification and mapping of natural habitats that provide the greatest benefits to coastal communities. The methodology coupled a coastal vulnerability model with a climate adaptation policy assessment in an effort to identify priority locations for nature-based solutions that reduce vulnerability of critical assets using feasible land-use policy methods. Our results demonstrate the critical role of natural habitats in providing the ecosystem service of coastal protection in California. We found that specific dune habitats play a key role in reducing erosion and inundation of the coastline and that several wetland areas help to absorb energy from storms and provide a protective service for the coast of Marin county, California, USA. Climate change and adaptation planning are globally relevant issues in which the scalability and transferability of solutions must be considered. This work outlines an iterative approach for climate adaptation planning at a local-scale, with opportunity to consider the scalability of an iterative science-policy engagement approach to regional, national, and international levels.
Body mass index and attention bias of food cues in women: a mediation model of body weight dissatisfaction
Authors: Zhou Aibao , Xie Pei , Ahmed Md Zahir , Jobe Mary C. , Ahmed Oli
Published: August 2022

Food attention bias could be used to indicate diet-related diseases in individuals with obesity. The purpose of this study is to explore the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and food attention bias, and the mediating role of body weight dissatisfaction (BWD) on this relationship in women. Seventy-five participants were recruited to complete a visual dot task with eye tracking. The results showed that BMI would positively predict response latency and duration bias on high-calorie foods; the relationship between BMI and response latency of high-calorie food was a complete mediation of BWD; the relationship between BMI and duration bias of high-calorie food was a complete mediation of BWD; and BWD positively predicts response latency and duration bias on high-calorie foods. These findings suggest a positive relationship between BMI and food attention bias, and the effect of a complete mediation of BWD in women.
Long non-coding RNA BZRAP1-AS1 functions in malignancy and prognosis for non-small-cell lung cancer
Authors: Hao Xuefeng , Zhang Minghang , Gu Meng , Wang Ziyu , Zhou Shijie , Li Weiying , Xu Shaofa
Published: August 2022

Purpose

The function of BZRAP1-AS1 is unknown in lung cancer. We evaluated the clinicopathologic significance of BZRAP1-AS1, and its role in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) progression.

Patient and methods

Sixty-three NSCLC patients from Beijing Chest Hospital were included. The expression of BZRAP1-AS1 was detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) in tumor tissues and adjacent normal tissues. Then, the clinicopathological significance and prognostic value of BZRAP1-AS1 were analyzed by using our cohort and TCGA cohort. Finally, the effect of BZRAP1-AS1 on proliferation and motility of NSCLC cell lines were evaluated by cell growth assay, colony formation assay, xenograft tumorigenesis experiment in nude mice and transwell assays respectively.

Results

Compared with adjacent normal tissues, BZRAP1-AS1 showed lower expression in NSCLC tumor tissues. As for the relationship between BZRAP1-AS1 and clinical characteristics, our results were consistent with those of TCGA data. BZRAP1-AS1 was lower in T1 than T2–T4 patients, N1-N3 than N0 patients. Low level BZRAP1-AS1 was related to shorter overall survival time (OS) in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), and poor first progression time (FP) in LUAD and lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) patients. BZRAP1-AS1 was significantly associated with the prognosis of NSCLC patients. Overexpression of BZRAP1-AS1 inhibited proliferation and migration of H1299 and HCC827 cells.

Conclusion

BZRAP1-AS1 expression decreases in tumor tissues with the increase of malignancy grades in NSCLC. BZRAP1-AS1 plays an anticancer role by inhibiting cell proliferation, invasion, and metastasis, and has a potential prognostic value in NSCLC. BZRAP1-AS1 may serve as a diagnostic marker and therapeutic target for NSCLC.
Estimating uncertainty in density surface models
Authors: Miller David L. , Becker Elizabeth A. , Forney Karin A. , Roberts Jason J. , Cañadas Ana , Schick Robert S.
Published: August 2022

Providing uncertainty estimates for predictions derived from species distribution models is essential for management but there is little guidance on potential sources of uncertainty in predictions and how best to combine these. Here we show where uncertainty can arise in density surface models (a multi-stage spatial modelling approach for distance sampling data), focussing on cetacean density modelling. We propose an extensible, modular, hybrid analytical-simulation approach to encapsulate these sources. We provide example analyses of fin whalesBalaenoptera physalusin the California Current Ecosystem.
Up-regulated IL-17 and Tnf signaling in bone marrow cells of young male osteogenesis imperfecta mice
Authors: Shao Chenyi , Liu Yi , Li Jiaci , Liu Ziyun , Zhao Yuxia , Jing Yaqing , Lv Zhe , Fu Ting , Wang Zihan , Li Guang
Published: August 2022

Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a congenital bone dysplasia mainly caused by either defective production or assembly of type I collagen. The skeletal phenotypes especially fractures are often seen in OI adolescents. Studies have found that an increased number of osteoclasts and excessive bone resorption existed in collagen-related OI, which has not been well understood. Emerging evidence has suggested that inflammation may be associated with OI. We speculated that the bone marrow (BM) niche had similar inflammatory changes and performed RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) in BM cells derived from young male mice to analyze the related differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and pathways. Data showed that there were 117 shared DEGs (Q ≤ 0.05, |log2FC| ≥ 1) in BM cells isolated from two types of OI murine models that respectively simulate different OI types. Gene Ontology (GO) (Q ≤ 0.05) analysis, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) (Q ≤ 0.05) analysis and real-time PCR validation indicated the dysregulated biology process of cellular response to interferon (Ifn) together with upregulated IL-17 signaling, tumor necrosis factor (Tnf) signaling and osteoclast differentiation in OI BM niche. Either defective collagen production or abnormal collagen assembly shared similar alterations in gene profiles and pathways involving inflammation and osteoclast activation. Data presented here not only contributed to understanding of the mechanism of the enhanced bone absorption in the bones of OI, but also provided more evidence to develop potential anti-inflammation therapies.
Karyotypic Analysis of Synchronous Breast Cancer and Thyroid Diseases: A Pilot Study at a Tertiary Care Centre
Authors: Choudhary Devendra , Rai Arvind , Pal Sudhir , Vaidya Kunal
Published: August 2022

Introduction: The coincidence of thyroid disease and breast cancer is in controversy since long time. Current scientific evidence supports a strong association between the hormone oestrogen and breast cancer and also with thyroid diseases. Aim: To study the karyotypic association between breast cancer and thyroid diseases. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional pilot study was conducted from October 2018 to August 2020 in Department of Surgery, Hamidia hospital, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh India. A total of 50 patients were included in the study with a division into two respective arms of patients with Carcinoma breast (Ca breast) and thyroid diseases. Each arm included 25 patients. All patients were subjected to detailed history and complete physical examination. Karyotyping of all patients was carried out by using fasting blood samples and standard staining techniques were applied to detect any chromosomal aberration. Statistical analysis done on the collected data, by chi-square test and t-test by Statistical Analysis of the Social Sciences (SPSS) v23 (IBM Corp.). Results: In a total of 50 patients with breast cancer (25) and thyroid disorders (25),most of these patients 24 (48%) were in the age group of 40-49 years. Amongst the 25 patients with breast cancer, thyroid diseases were present in 10 (40%), while no case of carcinoma breast was seen in patients with thyroid disorders. In seven patients, we observed karyotype abnormality was observed in the form of co-existing deletions and micro deletions, and all of them had synchronous carcinoma breast and thyroid diseases, which is significant (p-value=0.0085), showing some definite association at the genetic level. Conclusion: To summarise, the present study study clearly shows that patients with breast cancer tend to have co-existing thyroid diseases, which can either be benign or malignant thus these individuals should be appropriately investigated to exclude the possibility of an underlying undiagnosed thyroid disease, which would also help in early diagnosis and treatment.
Qualitative Assessment of Different Face Masks using Povidone-Iodine in Comparison to Standard Saccharin Method
Authors: Ratnaparkhi Amogh , Malik Sapna
Published: August 2022

Introduction: The World Health Organisation (WHO) recommends that N95 masks should be used by healthcare workers and patients. Given the shortage, extended use and reuse of masks, it becomes imperative to test the filtration efficacy. Surgical masks and cloth covers should also be assessed for their protection factor, since their use is more prevalent among the general population, and these masks are not certified by National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) is the authority for the standard testing and certification of Filtering Face Pieces (FFPs) in the USA; its equivalent in India is the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS). The BIS recently relaxed the certification guidelines for both N95 and Surgical Masks; thus, even certified masks may prove to be inefficient. Aim: To have an economical method for testing of masks in a hospital setting. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in a tertiary care hospital in western India, a novel, qualitative (and semiquantitative) function test using an aerosol of iodine solution and detector strips of starch-iodide paper was studied to prove for efficacy of masks by 15 volunteers and various masks of different types (surgical, N95, cloth) over three months. This method provides a rapid, simple and costeffective assessment of respirator efficacy. The test showed 100% sensitivity and 88% specificity. Results: Thirty five masks (N95, Surgical, Cloth and Silver nanoparticle) were tested, N95 – 90% pass the test. Conclusion: Povidone-iodine method is a qualitative assessment which is a crude indicator of mask function as the masks that fail both tests will provide some degree of protection from airborne particles, and concentrations of many respiratory organisms. The N95 masks along with the double masks (surgical and cloth) passed the tests proving their efficacy
A Study on Farmers’ Attitude towards Soil Health Card in Rangareddy District, Telangana State, India
Authors: Rani Akula Latha , Ganesamoorthi S. , Shivalinge Gowda N. S. , Sathish A. , Kumar T. L. Mohan
Published: August 2022

The Soil Health Card flagship programme has been implemented to address the national soil issues due to indiscriminate usage of synthetic fertilizers. An ex-post-facto-research design was employed in the study. The present study was conducted in Shabad and Kothur blocks of Rangareddy District of Telangana State during the year 2019-2020. Data were collected using standardized, pre-tested interviews and scored, tabulated and statistically analyse. Our investigation in Rangareddy District disclosed that the majority of respondents possessed a favourable attitude towards soil health cards and realized the importance of soil health and soil conservation management practices. The present work serves as a complementary contribution to the comprehensive study of the Farmers’ Attitude on Soil Health Card to maintain healthy soils to ensure the nation’s food and nutrition security. It was reported that the more than half of the interviewed farmers (52.50 %) were having more favourable attitude towards Soil Health Card, whereas 30.00 % and 17.50 % of them had favourable attitude and less favourable attitude towards Soil Health Card, respectively. The scale contained 16 statements each measured on a three-point continuum namely less favourable, favourable and more favourable. The possible score for farmers’ attitude towards soil health card ranged from the minimum of 16 to the maximum of 48. All the profile characteristics of farmers had significant influences on their attitudes.

Indian Agriculture has been transformed from green revolution to evergreen revolution on a sustainable basis. By understanding farmers’ attitude towards Soil Health Card and the associated personal profile characteristics, the scheme could be further implemented with installing proper soil testing laboratories in consideration of farmers’ need and interest to double their income through distribution of soil health cards, reduced pest and disease incidences and improved soil health management practices.
YENİ ÇAĞ OSMANLI DİPLOMASİSİNDE FEVKALADE (AD HOC) MİSYONLAR: XVII. YÜZYILDA İSVEÇ ELÇİLERİ ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: Cevrioğlu Mahmut Halef
Published: August 2022

Yeni Çağ Avrupa’sının diplomatik merkezlerinden biri olan İstanbul, gerek mukim (daimi) gerekse fevkalade (ad hoc) misyonlara ev sahipliği etmekteydi. Gelen elçilere uygulanan Osmanlı diplomatik muamelatı, tayinat sistemi, huzura kabul törenleri veya elçilik yerleşimleri gibi ölçekler üzerinden literatürde yerli ve yabancı araştırmacılarca incelenmiştir. Mevcut çalışma ise, mukim elçilik bulunduran ve bulundurmayan devletlerin gönderdiği fevkalade elçilikler arasında fark olup olmadığı sorusuna cevap aramaktadır. Bu meyanda vaka analizi için seçilen örnek, on yedinci yüzyılda İsveç Krallığı’nın İstanbul’a gönderdiği iki fevkalade misyondur (Paul Strassburg, 1632-3 ve Claes Rålamb, 1657-8). Hem Osmanlı maliye kayıtları hem de İsveç elçilerinin yazmış olduğu rapor başlıca kaynakları teşkil etmektedir. Yapılan tetkikte Osmanlıların izlediği karşılama töreni, huzura kabul seremonisi, hilat takdimi ve tayinat gibi teşrifat süreçlerinde mukim elçilik bulunduran ve bulundurmayan devletlerin fevkalade elçileri arasında büyük ayrım gözetmediği ve teşrifatın tarafsız bir kurallar bütünü izlediği ortaya çıkmıştır. Ayrıca, bu iki elçilik üzerinden, mukim elçilik bulundurmayan devletlerin Osmanlı diplomatik ve siyasi atmosferine dair bilgi ve tecrübe eksikliği yaşadığı gösterilmektedir. Bu handikabı aşmak için İsveç elçilerinin İstanbul’daki mezhepteşleri Protestan devletlerinin mukim elçilerine başvurduğuna dikkat çekilmiştir.
BALKAN SAVAŞLARI NDA EDİRNE DE GÖREV YAPAN TÜRK SAVAŞ MUHABİRLERİ
Authors: Şallı Hakan
Published: August 2022

Balkan Savaşları askeri, siyasi, toplumsal ve ideolojik
anlamda Türk tarihinin en önemli dönüm noktalarından biri
olduğu kadar Doğu Avrupa tarihi için de benzer bir öneme
sahiptir. Bununla birlikte Balkan Savaşları gerek Osmanlı
Devleti gerekse Bulgaristan, Yunanistan, Sırbistan ve
Karadağ’dan meydana gelen müttefik devletlerin ulusal tarih
yazımlarında farklı sebep ve dinamiklerle bir milat noktası
olarak da ön plana çıkmaktadır. Dolayısıyla başta Avrupa
olmak üzere dünya tarihçiliğinin meydana getirdiği oldukça
geniş kapsamlı bir literatüre sahip olan Balkan Savaşları, çok
yönlü ve disiplinler arası bir çalışma sahası haline gelmiştir.
Ancak söz konusu literatür içerisinde savaşın kamuoyu ve
basın boyutu görece arka planda yer alırken bu dönemde ilk
örnekleri görülen savaş muhabirlerinin ise neredeyse hiçbir
çalışmaya konu olmadığı anlaşılmaktadır. Bu çalışma, Balkan
Savaşları’nın Osmanlı basınında savaş muhabirliğinin ortaya
çıkışında önemli bir dönüm noktası olduğunu ileri sürerken
Tanin, İkdam, Sabah ve Tasvir-i Efkâr gibi dönemin önde
gelen gazeteleri tarafından Edirne’de görevlendirilen savaş
muhabirlerinin faaliyetlerini konu edinmekte ve böylece hem
Balkan Savaşları hem de Osmanlı basın ta
Do we still need selective ovarian venography in diagnosis of pelvic venous disease in 2021?
Authors: Arnoldussen Carsten , Wikkeling Marald , Doğancı Suat
Published: August 2022

Pelvic venous disease (PeVD) is an overlooked condition that can affect daily life of patients. Although medical history and physical examination may lead to suspicion of PeVD, accurate imaging is important for establishing the diagnosis with high certainty. Despite the increasing popularity of magnetic resonance imaging and Duplex ultrasound as non-invasive imaging methods, selective venography remains the gold-standard imaging method to establish the diagnosis of PeVD. In addition, venography provides an opportunity for treatment in a single procedure. In this chapter, we define the techniques for selective ovarian venography and discuss its clinical importance in diagnosis of PeVD.
Pelvic venous thrombosis
Authors: Gianesini Sergio , Menegatti Erica , Bottini Oscar , Chi Yung-Wei
Published: August 2022

While the thrombotic risk associated with lower limb venous reflux has been clearly reported in the literature, evidence is lacking on the potentially similar procoagulant effect generated by a venous incompetence in the pelvic region. A recent publication identified an incidental periuterine venous plexus thrombosis in 3% of the women undergoing a gynaecological consultation for whatever reason, suggesting a potentially underestimated condition worthy of further investigation. The present paper analyses the available literature on the topic, providing an insight covering both pathophysiological and clinical aspects.
POBREZA E EDUCAÇÃO NO BRASIL: o olhar empresarial e a responsabilidade social
Authors: Emerique Raquel Balmant
Published: August 2022

Este texto focaliza o que mudou na percepção dos empresários em relação à pobreza a partir da década de 1990 e a participação que se propõem a ter no seu enfrentamento. Analisamos como o discurso da responsabilidade social corporativa contribui para essa alteração e porque a educação foi tomada como um campo estratégico de investimento social. Concluímos que, apesar de algumas mudanças terem se esboçado nas representações desse grupo social, a explicação principal para a pobreza se mantém, que é a ausência de igualdade de oportunidades. Palavras-Chave: empresários, pobreza, educação, responsabilidade social corporativa, cidadania. POVERTY AND EDUCATION IN BRAZIL: entrepreneurs´ look and social responsibility     The author focuses on what changed in the perception of entrepreneurs in respect to poverty from the 1990’s on, and their proposal in confronting it. The author analyses how corporative discourse on social responsibility contributes to combat poverty and why education was taken as a strategic field of social investment. The conclusion is that, although some changes happened on the representation of this social group, the main factor for reproducing poverty still exists, which is opportunity inequality. Key Words: entrepeneurs, poverty, education, corporative social responsibility, citizenship. PAUVRETÉ ET ÉDUCATION AU BRÉSIL: l’optique des entreprises et la responsabilité sociale Ce texte focalise le changement opéré, à partir des années 1990, au niveau de la perception de la pauvreté par les hommes d’affaire et de la participation que ces derniers proposent d’avoir pour l’affronter. Nous analysons comment le discours sur la responsabilité sociale corporative contribue à ce changement et pour quelles raisons l’éducation est devenue un domaine stratégique d’investissement social. Nous en arrivons à la conclusion que même si certains changements s’annoncent dans les représentations de ce groupe social, la principale explication concernant la pauvreté se maintient, il s’agit de l’absence d’égalité concernant les opportunités. Mots-Clés: hommes d’affaire, pauvreté, éducation, responsabilité sociale corporative, citoyenneté. Publicação Online do Caderno CRH: http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br
ENTRE A DESIGUALDADE E A EXCLUSÃO SOCIAL: estudo de caso da grande Montevidéu
Authors: Veiga Danilo
Published: August 2022

Neste artigo, são analisadas as relações entre as desigualdades sociais e a segregação urbana, com base num estudo em andamento sobre a área metropolitana de Montevidéu. A análise é realizada a partir do estudo de uma cidade atípica no contexto latino-americano, que experimentou, durante os últimos anos, um aumento da exclusão social e da segregação urbana. Nesse sentido, surgem, na grande Montevidéu diversas formas de fragmentação e vulnerabilidade, que agravam, por conseguinte, a crise de 2001, a pobreza, a segregação residencial, educativa e laboral. Como resultado de diversas tendências, são ilustrados alguns temas estratégicos para aprofundar a agenda de investigação e de políticas sociais, de modo a contribuir para a melhoria da qualidade de vida da população e a promover a gestão territorial com maior equidade. Palavras-chave: desigualdade, segregação, exclusão, políticas sociais. BETWEEN INEQUALITY AND SOCIAL EXCLUSION: a case study in greater Montevideo Danilo Veiga This paper analyses the relationships between social inequalities and urban segregation, based on a study  in progress in  Montevideo’s metropolitan area.  The analysis is performed from the study of an atypical city within the Latin-American context, which has experienced an increase in social exclusion and urban segregation during the last years. In this sense, several forms of fragmentation and vulnerability arose in greater Montevideo, which led to the worsening of the 2001 crisis, namely poverty, housing, educational and labor segregation.  Some strategic topics are presented to illustrate the different trends, to deepen the investigation and social policies agenda, thus contributing to the improvement in the quality of life of the population and to the promotion of  a more equitable territorial management. Key words: inequality, segregation, exclusion, social policies. ENTRE L’INEGALITE ET L’EXCLUSION SOCIALE: étude de cas de la grande Montevideo Danilo Veiga Cet article traite des relations existantes entre les inégalités sociales et la ségrégation urbaine, analysées en se basant sur une étude en cours concernant la région métropolitaine de Montevideo. Cette analyse part de l’étude d’une ville atypique située dans le contexte latino-américain et qui, au cours des dernières années, a subi une augmentation de l’exclusion sociale et de la ségrégation urbaine. Dans ce sens, plusieurs formes de fragmentation et de vulnérabilité qui aggravent  par conséquent la crise de 2001, la pauvreté, la ségrégation résidentielle, éducative et du travail, surgissent dans la grande Montevideo. Afin de montrer les résultats de diverses tendances, quelques thèmes stratégiques sont illustrés pour approfondir les propositions d’investigations et de politiques sociales capables de contribuer à l’amélioration de la qualité de la vie de la population et promouvoir la gestion territoriale avec une plus grande équité. Mots-clés: inégalité, ségrégation, exclusion, politiques sociales. Publicação Online do Caderno CRH: http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.b
JÜRGEN HABERMAS, MODERNIDADE E DEMOCRACIA DELIBERATIVA
Authors: Vitale Denise
Published: August 2022

O objetivo deste artigo é explorar as possibilidades e os limites do modelo da democracia deliberativa, tendo por base a construção teórica de um de seus principais autores, Jürgen Habermas. Partindo da tese habermasiana de que a modernidade é um processo inacabado, o artigo analisa o paradigma da democracia deliberativa traçado pelo autor, buscando discutir em que medida ele contribui com o desenvolvimento do uso público da razão e com o fortalecimento da legitimidade nas sociedades políticas contemporâneas. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: democracia, deliberação, participação política, razão pública, legitimidade. JÜRGEN HABERMAS, MODERNITY AND DELIBERATIVE DEMOCRACY Denise Vitale The objective of this paper is to explore the possibilities and the limits of the deliberative democracy model, based on one of its main authors’, Jürgen Habermas, theoretical construct. Beginning with the habermasian theory that modernity is an unfinished process, this paper analyzes the paradigm of deliberative democracy drawn by the author, aiming to discuss in what measure he contributes to the development of the public use of reason and with the strengthening of legitimacy in contemporary political societies. KEYWORDS: democracy, deliberation, political participation, public reason, legitimacy. JÜRGEN HABERMAS, MODERNITÉ ET DÉMOCRATIE DÉLIBÉRATIVE Denise Vitale L’objectif de cet article est d’explorer les possibilités et les limites du modèle de la démocratie délibérative en se basant sur la construction théorique de l’un de ses principaux auteurs, Jürgen Habermas. Partant de la thèse habermasienne qui dit que la modernité est un processus inachevé, l’article analyse le paradigme de la démocratie délibérative tracé par l’auteur afin de discuter dans quelle mesure celui-ci a contribué au développement de l’usage public de la raison et au renforcement de la légitimité dans les sociétés politiques contemporaines. MOTS-CLÉS: démocratie, délibération, participation politique, raison publique, légitimité. Publicação Online do Caderno CRH: http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br
Entre as “ditaduras” do patriarcado e do feminismo:
Authors: Silva Diogo de Moraes
Published: August 2022

Este texto se propõem acompanhar, descrever e analisar as controvérsias culturais pautadas por integrantes do Instituto Plinio Corrêa de Oliveira frente ao projeto artístico Espacio para abortar (2014), do coletivo boliviano Mujeres Creando, integrante da 31ª Bienal de São Paulo. Para isso, se vale do conceito de “guerras culturais”, oriundo dos estudos do sociólogo James Hunter, mobilizando-o como instrumento propício a uma abordagem de natureza compreensiva do fenômeno enfocado – que tem na formação educacional e moral das novas gerações um aspecto-chave. Descritivo-analítico, o presente exercício se vale de um arco de registros produzidos e veiculados pelos atores em desacordo, buscando detalhar suas visões de mundo, assim como as estratégias de atuação que desenvolvem para intervir no debate público sobre a problemática do aborto.
Kulturkämpfe neoconservadora
Authors: Hartman Andrew , Honorato Cayo
Published: August 2022

Apresentação do texto
Andrew Hartman é professor de história na Illinois State University, onde ministra cursos de história intelectual, cultural e política dos Estados Unidos. O texto aqui traduzido integra o seu livro A War for the Soul of America – A History of the Culture Wars, na condição de segundo capítulo. Como indicado pelo título, seu estudo se debruça sobre a história das “guerras culturais” nos Estados Unidos, tendo nas décadas de 1950 e 60 períodos-chave para a compreensão do advento do fenômeno. Se os anos cinquenta podem ser tidos como majoritariamente conservadores nos EUA, o mesmo não pode ser dito dos sessenta, quando a contracultura deflagra transformações liberalizantes e emancipatórias, com segmentos sociais minorizados (negros, femininos e gays) desempenhando papel decisivo nas mudanças nas formas de sociabilidade. Aglutinados pelo emblema da Nova Esquerda, esses movimentos geram sentimentos de ameaça e perigo para aqueles que viam as ideias de “América” e “americanismo” sendo desmanteladas. As “guerras culturais” corresponderiam, em uma de suas faces, à aliança entre intelectuais neoconservadores e a direita cristã que, sensíveis à necessidade de se organizarem politicamente para combater os avanços progressistas, se insurgem como “contrarrevolucionários culturais”.
Resumo do texto
Se os Novos Esquerdistas deram forma a um lado das guerras culturais, aqueles que passaram a ser chamados de neoconservadores foram extremamente influentes na formação do outro. O neoconservadorismo – um rótulo aplicado a um grupo de intelectuais liberais proeminentes que se moveram para a direita do espectro político estadunidense durante os anos 60 – tomou forma precisamente em oposição à Nova Esquerda. Em sua reação à Nova Esquerda, em sua defesa vigorosa das instituições estadunidenses tradicionais e ataque total aos intelectuais que, nas palavras de Lionel Trilling, compunham uma "cultura adversária", os neoconservadores ajudaram a redigir os próprios termos das guerras culturais.
A direita nas ruas em 2019
Authors: Marcondes Ribeiro Barbosa Caio
Published: August 2022

O trabalho apresenta os achados de um estudo etnográfico dos principais protestos realizados na cidade de São Paulo por grupos de direita ao longo de 2019, o primeiro ano de governo de Jair Bolsonaro. Foram acompanhados os atos dos dias 07 de abril, 26 de maio, 30 de junho, 25 de agosto, 09 de novembro, 17 de novembro e 08 de dezembro. A hipótese era de que a direita nas ruas, embora unida em torno de Bolsonaro na eleição, era múltipla e com interesses, muitas vezes, divergentes. Com a pesquisa, ficou cada vez mais clara a divisão entre os diferentes grupos nas ruas em torno de duas correntes: uma bolsonarista, mais conservadora e cujo apoio ao governo era mais irrestrito; e uma lavajatista, com apoio significativo ao governo, mas com foco maior em medidas de combate à corrupção e cujo ícone maior seria Sergio Moro.
Incubation Period of COVID-19 Caused by Unique SARS-CoV-2 Strains
Authors: Wu Yu , Kang Liangyu , Guo Zirui , Liu Jue , Liu Min , Liang Wannian
Published: August 2022

Importance

Several studies were conducted to estimate the average incubation period of COVID-19; however, the incubation period of COVID-19 caused by different SARS-CoV-2 variants is not well described.

Objective

To systematically assess the incubation period of COVID-19 and the incubation periods of COVID-19 caused by different SARS-CoV-2 variants in published studies.

Data Sources

PubMed, EMBASE, and ScienceDirect were searched between December 1, 2019, and February 10, 2022.

Study Selection

Original studies of the incubation period of COVID-19, defined as the time from infection to the onset of signs and symptoms.

Data Extraction and Synthesis

Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) reporting guideline, 3 reviewers independently extracted the data from the eligible studies in March 2022. The parameters, or sufficient information to facilitate calculation of those values, were derived from random-effects meta-analysis.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The mean estimate of the incubation period and different SARS-CoV-2 strains.

Results

A total of 142 studies with 8112 patients were included. The pooled incubation period was 6.57 days (95% CI, 6.26-6.88) and ranged from 1.80 to 18.87 days. The incubation period of COVID-19 caused by the Alpha, Beta, Delta, and Omicron variants were reported in 1 study (with 6374 patients), 1 study (10 patients), 6 studies (2368 patients) and 5 studies (829 patients), respectively. The mean incubation period of COVID-19 was 5.00 days (95% CI, 4.94-5.06 days) for cases caused by the Alpha variant, 4.50 days (95% CI, 1.83-7.17 days) for the Beta variant, 4.41 days (95% CI, 3.76-5.05 days) for the Delta variant, and 3.42 days (95% CI, 2.88-3.96 days) for the Omicron variant. The mean incubation was 7.43 days (95% CI, 5.75-9.11 days) among older patients (ie, aged over 60 years old), 8.82 days (95% CI, 8.19-9.45 days) among infected children (ages 18 years or younger), 6.99 days (95% CI, 6.07-7.92 days) among patients with nonsevere illness, and 6.69 days (95% CI, 4.53-8.85 days) among patients with severe illness.

Conclusions and Relevance

The findings of this study suggest that SARS-CoV-2 has evolved and mutated continuously throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, producing variants with different enhanced transmission and virulence. Identifying the incubation period of different variants is a key factor in determining the isolation period.
Clinical Features and Burden of Postacute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Children and Adolescents
Authors: Rao Suchitra , Lee Grace M. , Razzaghi Hanieh , Lorman Vitaly , Mejias Asuncion , Pajor Nathan M. , Thacker Deepika , Webb Ryan , Dickinson Kimberley , Bailey L. Charles , Jhaveri Ravi , Christakis Dimitri A. , Bennett Tellen D. , Chen Yong , Forrest Christopher B.
Published: August 2022

Importance

The postacute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC) has emerged as a long-term complication in adults, but current understanding of the clinical presentation of PASC in children is limited.

Objective

To identify diagnosed symptoms, diagnosed health conditions, and medications associated with PASC in children.

Design, Setting and Participants

This retrospective cohort study used electronic health records from 9 US children’s hospitals for individuals younger than 21 years who underwent antigen or reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing for SARS-CoV-2 between March 1, 2020, and October 31, 2021, and had at least 1 encounter in the 3 years before testing.

Exposures

SARS-CoV-2 positivity by viral test (antigen or RT-PCR).

Main Outcomes and Measures

Syndromic (symptoms), systemic (conditions), and medication PASC features were identified in the 28 to 179 days following the initial test date. Adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) were obtained for 151 clinically predicted PASC features by contrasting viral test–positive groups with viral test–negative groups using proportional hazards models, adjusting for site, age, sex, testing location, race and ethnicity, and time period of cohort entrance. The incidence proportion for any syndromic, systemic, or medication PASC feature was estimated in the 2 groups to obtain a burden of PASC estimate.

Results

Among 659 286 children in the study sample, 348 091 (52.8%) were male, and the mean (SD) age was 8.1 (5.7) years. A total of 59 893 (9.1%) tested positive by viral test for SARS-CoV-2, and 599 393 (90.9%) tested negative. Most were tested in outpatient testing facility settings (322 813 [50.3%]) or office settings (162 138 [24.6%]). The most common syndromic, systemic, and medication features were loss of taste or smell (aHR, 1.96; 95% CI, 1.16-3.32), myocarditis (aHR, 3.10; 95% CI, 1.94-4.96), and cough and cold preparations (aHR, 1.52; 95% CI, 1.18-1.96), respectively. The incidence of at least 1 systemic, syndromic, or medication feature of PASC was 41.9% (95% CI, 41.4-42.4) among viral test–positive children vs 38.2% (95% CI, 38.1-38.4) among viral test–negative children, with an incidence proportion difference of 3.7% (95% CI, 3.2-4.2). A higher strength of association for PASC was identified in those cared for in the intensive care unit during the acute illness phase, children younger than 5 years, and individuals with complex chronic conditions.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this large-scale, exploratory study, the burden of pediatric PASC that presented to health systems was low. Myocarditis was the most commonly diagnosed PASC-associated condition. Acute illness severity, young age, and comorbid complex chronic disease increased the risk of PASC.
Analysis of genetic profiling, pathomics signature, and prognostic features of primary lymphoepithelioma‐like carcinoma of the renal pelvis
Authors: Fan Bo , Huang Yuanbin , Zhang Hongshuo , Chen Tingyu , Tao Shenghua , Wang Xiaogang , Wen Shuang , Wang Honglong , Lin Zhe , Liu Tianqing , Zhang Hongxian , He Tao , Li Xiancheng
Published: August 2022

The genetic features of primary lymphoepithelioma‐like carcinoma (LELC) of the upper urinary tract have not been systematically explored. In this study, tumor mutation profiling was performed using whole‐genome sequencing in two patients with LELC of the renal pelvis. Novel candidate variants relevant to known disease genes were selected using rare‐variant burden analysis. Subsequently, a population‐based study was performed using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER), PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, and Scopus databases to explore clinical features and prognostic risk factors. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed seven positive cytokeratin‐associated markers in tumor cells and five positive lymphocyte‐associated markers in and around the tumor area. Sub‐sequently, we identified KDM6A as the susceptibility gene and LEPR as the driver gene by Sanger sequencing in case 2 of LELC of the renal pelvis. Three mutation sites of the existing targeted drugs were screened: CA9, a therapeutic target for zonisamide; ARVCF, a therapeutic target for bupropion; and PLOD3, a therapeutic target for vitamin C. In a population‐based study, patients with primary LELC of the upper urinary tract had clinical outcomes similar to those of patients with primary upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma (UUT‐UC) before and after propensity score matching at 1 : 5. Focal subtype was an independent prognostic factor for the overall survival of patients with LELC of the upper urinary tract. The carcinogenesis of primary LELC may be due to different genetic variations, including single‐nucleotide variants, insertion and deletions, structural variations, and repeat regions, which may provide the basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment. The prognosis of LELC in the upper urinary tract is similar to that of UUT‐UC. We suggest that the focal subtype can serve as a prognostic factor for LELC of the upper urinary tract; however, further studies are required to confirm this.
Evaluation of Francisella orientalis ΔpdpA as a Live Attenuated Vaccine against Piscine Francisellosis in Nile Tilapia
Authors: Alexandre Sebastião Fernanda , Hansen John D. , Soto Esteban
Published: August 2022

Francisella orientalis is an important bacterial pathogen of marine and freshwater fish with worldwide distribution. Fish francisellosis is a severe subacute to chronic granulomatous disease, with high mortalities and high infectivity rates in cultured and wild fish. To date, there is no approved vaccine for this disease. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of a defined F. orientalis pathogenicity determinant protein A (pdpA) mutant (ΔpdpA) as a live attenuated immersion vaccine against subsequent immersion challenge with the wild-type organism. Immunized Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus were protected (45% relative percent survival) from the lethal challenges and presented significantly lower mortality than nonvaccinated and challenged treatments. Although serum IgM was significantly higher in immunized fish, similar bacterial loads were detected in vaccinated and nonvaccinated survivors. In conclusion, although the F. orientalis ΔpdpA is attenuated and effectively stimulated an adaptive immune response, the low relative percent survival and high bacterial persistence in survivors of immunized and challenged treatments indicates low suitability of ΔpdpA as a mucosal vaccine for tilapia under conditions used in this study.
Contrasting effects of agroecosystem biocrusts on seedling growth and nitrogen accumulation in a greenhouse environment
Authors: Nevins Clayton , Strauss Sarah L. , Inglett Patrick
Published: August 2022

Biological soil crust (biocrust) communities of bacteria, fungi, lichen, algae, and bryophytes were recently shown to release nitrogen (N) to the crop root zone in agroecosystems. While biocrusts in semi‐arid and dryland ecosystems have neutral, negative, and facilitative effects on plants, it is not known how agroecosystem biocrusts affect crop N accumulation and growth. Like biocrusts, legume cover crop associations with N‐fixing bacteria can increase soil N after termination, potentially supporting primary crops. This research compared the effects of biocrust application to a legume cover crop (cowpea; Vigna unguiculata) on citrus (Citrus sinensis) rootstock seedling growth, root system, and N accumulation. Seedling biomass, N accumulation, and stable N isotopic ratios (δ15N) were quantified after 29 and 120 d. Sampling date and amendment type had significant effects on seedling biomass, N content, root biomass distributions, and δ15N (p < .05). Seedlings with cowpea had less biomass than seedlings with biocrust or no amendment after 29 d. After 120 d, seedlings with biocrusts had significantly less biomass than seedlings with cowpea or no amendment (p < .05). Furthermore, seedlings without an amendment had significantly greater total root length than seedlings with an amendment (p < .05). Seedlings with biocrust had significantly less total N than seedlings with cowpea or no amendment despite having significantly lower plant δ15N (p < .05). These δ15N values indicated biocrust and cowpea were potentially N sources for seedlings. Overall, cowpea initially inhibited seedling growth, and biocrust had neutral and negative effects on seedling growth after 120 d.
A 2D metal–organic framework with dual‐acidic sites for the valorization of saccharides to 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural
Authors: Zhong Yao , Huang Cuiying , Cai Jianxin , Wang Jun , Zeng Zheling , Deng Qiang
Published: August 2022

The conversion of macromolecular saccharides (fructose, glucose, sucrose, and inulin) to 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) is often limited by the mass transfer resistance of existing catalysts. Herein, a two‐dimensional metal–organic framework (NUS‐8‐PhSO3H) containing high densities of dual acidic sites (Lewis and Brønsted acid sites) was developed for the first time by diazo grafting. Characterization results and reaction kinetics showed that the rapid molecular diffusion leads to an unusual pseudozeroth reaction order and a considerably lower apparent activation energy for the fructose reaction over NUS‐8‐PhSO3H in contrast to the first order and higher activation energy over three‐dimensional counterpart (NUS‐16‐PhSO3H) and reported catalysts. In addition, NUS‐8‐PhSO3H can also produce substantially high HMF yields and has a low activation energy for other saccharides (glucose, sucrose, and inulin) by powerful tandem steps, including polysaccharide hydrolysis, glucose isomerization, and fructose dehydration. The preparation of hydrophobic acidic NUS‐8‐PhSO3H provides an efficient means of synthesizing HMF from various saccharides.
Phen‐DC3 Induces Refolding of Human Telomeric DNA into a Chair‐Type Antiparallel G‐Quadruplex through Ligand Intercalation
Authors: Ghosh Anirban , Trajkovski Marko , Teulade‐Fichou Marie‐Paule , Gabelica Valérie , Plavec Janez
Published: August 2022

Human telomeric G‐quadruplex DNA structures are attractive anticancer drug targets, but the target's polymorphism complicates the drug design: different ligands prefer different folds, and very few complexes have been solved at high resolution. Here we report that Phen‐DC3, one of the most prominent G‐quadruplex ligands in terms of high binding affinity and selectivity, causes dTAGGG(TTAGGG)3 to completely change its fold in KCl solution from a hybrid‐1 to an antiparallel chair‐type structure, wherein the ligand intercalates between a two‐quartet unit and a pseudo‐quartet, thereby ejecting one potassium ion. This unprecedented high‐resolution NMR structure shows for the first time a true ligand intercalation into an intramolecular G‐quadruplex.