bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analytical Study of Ajna Kalpana from Charaka Samhita w.s.r to Swasthya Chatuska
Authors: T.Sangeetha  , K. Geetha  , K. Anasuya
Published: March 2024

Ayurveda Acharyas has come after a specific strategy in writing a treatise with respect to grammar and composition. Tantrayuktis, Nyayas, Arthashraya, Tachilya and Kalpanas are the tools that help to realize the complicated Sutras which have been explained in Samhita. Saptakalpanas expounded by Acharya Arunadatta in his Sarvanga Sundara commentary of Astangahrudayam. Saptakalpanas are having specific definitions and roles in understanding and analysing the different situations. The Saptakalpanas elucidate by Acharya Arunadatta are Pradhanasya Kalpana, Pradanena Kalpana, Guna Kalpana, Leshakalpana, Vidyakalpana, Bakshyakalpana and Ajna Kalpana. Ajna Kalpana is nothing but is the command or recommendation of a learned person regarding the code of conduct to which with or without specific reasoning is required. Not only Sadvrutta but in other instances also Acharyas recommended or advised the principles to be followed. In this article the role of Ajna Kalpana in understanding and analyzing the principles is noticed. Likewise many more references to find out in other Samhitas for further research to justify the Ajna kalpana.
Comparative Evaluation of Virechana Karma and Lekhana Basti in the Management of Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Priyanka Sharma  , Alok Kumar Srivastava  , Shashi Kant Tiwari
Published: March 2024

Metabolic Syndrome is a complex metabolic condition which is a rising therapeutic problem in modern society. Additionally, it has been linked to the emergence of CVD, Type 2 DM and other grave health issues. It primarily develops as a result of a diet high in fat, a sedentary lifestyle, stress, insomnia, drinking too much alcohol, being overweight, and other factors. When three out of the five biochemical and physiological abnormalities such as visceral obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension, increased blood sugar, insulin resistance, etc. are present in the body, it is considered clinically diagnosed. Acharya Charaka has mentioned a group of diseases namely Santarpana Nimittaj Vikara (diseases caused due to over eating) which can be symptomatically co-related with metabolic syndrome, especially Medaavrit (covered by fatty tissues) Vata (one of the three bodily humors representing air in the body). Aims & Objectives: Comparative evaluation of Virechana Karma (therapeutic purgation) and Lekhana Basti (a type of therapeutic enema) in the management of metabolic syndrome. Material & Methods: 43 patients were selected on the basis of classical symptomatology of metabolic syndrome from OPD and IPD of Dept. of Panchakarma, Hospital of Rishikul Campus and randomly divided into two groups - Virechana group and Lekhana Basti group on the basis of inclusion - exclusion criteria. There after the patients were subjected for detailed clinical history and physical examination. Statistical analysis used: Since objective criteria were selected so for intragroup comparison Paired- t- test was applied and for intergroup comparison Unpaired- t- test (t-test) was applied. Conclusion: Virechana Karma is better than Lekhana Basti in the management of metabolic syndrome.
Influence of Transformational Leadership and Teacher Collaboration on Teachers’ Ability in Implementing Interdisciplinary Learning
Authors: Gaspersz Eibel John
Published: March 2024

In today’s world, it is not enough for students to just learn from a single-track learning. Moreover, it is even more important for students as well as teachers to tackle issue they learn in the classroom from various points of views, one way is through an interdisciplinary learning approach. In order for teachers to be competent in applying interdisciplinary learning, the right type of leadership needs to guide these teachers. Besides the right type of leadership, teachers cannot tackle a particular issue on their own, there needs to be a collaboration among the teachers. The purpose of this quantitative study is to analyse the influence of transformational leadership and teacher collaboration on teachers’ ability in implementing interdisciplinary learning at XYZ Schools. Forty-seven teachers at XYZ Schools completed the online questionnaires. The path analysis through PLS SEM method was employed to test the proposed hypothesis. The results showed that transformational leadership has a positive influence on teachers’ ability in implementing interdisciplinary learning. Added to that, teacher collaboration has a positive influence on teachers’ ability in implementing interdisciplinary learning. Also, transformational leadership has a positive influence on teacher collaboration.
Analisis peran Guru PPKn dalam menanamkan sikap Bela Negara pada Siswa Kelas X (Fase E) di SMA Negeri 4 Kota Jambi
Authors: Sianturi Candro Genaro , Salam M. , Sariani Dona
Published: March 2024

This research departs from initial observations made by researchers at SMA Negeri 4 Jambi City, that class X (Phase E) students did not show an attitude of defending the country. This research aims to describe the role of PPKn teachers in instilling an attitude of defending the country in class . The approach to this research uses a qualitative approach and uses a qualitative descriptive research type. The data collection techniques used in this research are observation, interviews and documentation techniques.The results of this research show that PPKn teachers have carried out their role in instilling an attitude of defending the country, but there are several roles of PPKn teachers that have not been implemented by PPKn teachers, so the researcher concludes that PPKn teachers have not fully carried out their role well in accordance with the theory of the role of PPKn teachers put forward by Marzuki and Feriandi (2016:195), namely 1) Motivating Students, 2) Directing Students, 3) Initiator, 4) Informator, 5) Evaluator, 6) Facilitator. Then, the obstacles for PPKn teachers in instilling an attitude of defending the country in class X (Phase E) students at SMA Negeri 4 Jambi City are divided into 2 factors, namely internal and external factors. Internal factors are factors that come from within the student, such as a lack of student awareness. Then external factors are factors that are caused from outside the student, such as the student's background, the influence of social media and the student's environment.
Protection and Welfare of Orphans: "Relating the 1945 Constitution Article 34 Paragraph 1 with the Scope of Regional Government Based on the Theory of the Koran"
Authors: Maulana Yofi Raja , Siregar Muhammad Nuh
Published: March 2024

This research discusses the implementation of the 1945 Constitution Article 34 Paragraph 1 in the policy of protecting orphans using a theoretical approach to the Koran. The research focus includes aspects of justice, compassion, social responsibility, social empowerment and the rights of orphans. Al-Qur'an theory is integrated to provide an ethical and moral basis for policy formation. Research findings show that holistic integration between the legal basis and the values of the Koran can optimize the protection of orphans. Alignment, empowerment and community participation are the keys to creating effective and meaningful policies. It is hoped that the results of this research can provide guidance for the development of policies for the protection of orphans that are better, fairer and based on Islamic values.
INOVASI HIDROPONIK BAMBU SEBAGAI PENINGKATAN KREATIVITAS PEMANFAATAN POTENSI ALAM DI DESA TANETE, KECAMATAN SIMBANG, KABUPATEN MAROS
Authors: Rahmawati
Published: March 2024

Tujuan melakukan kegiatan pengabdian adalah untuk mengembangkan potensi alam dan sumber daya manusia dari masyarakat desa Tanete melalui pemanfaatan pohon bambu yang melimpah dengan dibuatnya hidroponik bambu sebagai inovasi baru menanam sayuran dan meningkatkan perekonomian masyarakat sehari-hari. Perkembangan teknologi dalam bidang pertanian semakin tahun semakin pesat, sehingga masyarakat khususnya petani tertinggal dalam memanfaatkan kemajuan teknologi tidak akan memperoleh keuntungan yang maksimal dari kegiatan usaha yang dilakukannya, perlu adanya kreativitas untuk meningkatkan pemanfaatan potensi alam. Dengan metode pelaksaaan yang dilakukan oleh para mahasiswa KKN Muhammadiyah Aisyiyah yaitu memberikan contoh pembuatan hidroponik dari bambu kemudian melakukan sosialisasi pada masyarakat khususnya para petani di desa Tanete. Hasil yang dicapai adalah memberikan alternatif bertanam dengan media selain tanah, meningkatkan pengetahuan bertanam sayuran dengan teknik hidroponik dengan media air, pahamnya manajemen pemasaran dengan nilai jual yang tinggi, dan meningkatnya kesejahteraan ekonomi masyarakat.
Mobile learning technology in the educational process of a technical university
Authors:   Non-profit JSC West Kazakhstan Agrarian and Technical University named after Zhangir Khan, Zhahiena А. , Mizamova G. ,   Non-profit JSC West Kazakhstan Agrarian and Technical University named after Zhangir Khan, Vakhitova А. ,   Non-profit JSC West Kazakhstan Agrarian and Technical University named after Zhangir Khan, Nass O. ,   Baltic State Technical University VOENMEH named after D.F. Ustinov, Utesheva G. ,   West Kazakhstan University of Innovation and Technology
Published: March 2024

This article discusses the importance of mobile learning compared to traditional teaching methods. Mobile technologies provide effective interaction for all participants of the educational process, allow organizing collaborative work, effectively distribute resources and provide the necessary tools for solving educational tasks. The authors of this article present their views on the organization of the learning process in a technical university. They found that the use of mobile technologies in the learning process allows focusing on the formation of an educational virtual environment, in which students develop and learn under the guidance of a teacher. The article considers mobile learning as a promising direction for the development of digital education. It describes the advantages and disadvantages of mobile learning in the organization of the educational process, and also reveals the content of mobile applications in the educational process. Examples of mobile learning in modern education are also given. Despite the fact that cell phones are widespread and accessible to students, mobile learning is used less frequently in domestic universities. The article explains the term “mobile learning” and touches on the problems of its use and research in education. To analyze the readiness of learners to use mobile technology in education, a survey of students in the “information technology” program of Zhangir Khan Agrarian and Technical University was conducted. The results of the survey were analyzed. As a result of the survey, it was concluded that the technical and psychological readiness of students to use mobile technology in the educational process of the university requires further study of new opportunities for more effective use of mobile learning technologies.
Technology of using deep learning algorithms
Authors:   Khoja Akhmet Yassawi International Kazakh-Turkish University, Baimakhanova A.S. , Berkimbayev K.M. ,   Khoja Akhmet Yassawi International Kazakh-Turkish University, Zhumadillayeva A.K. ,   L.N Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Abdrashova E.T. ,   South Kazakhstan University named after Mukhtar Auezov
Published: March 2024

Deep learning is a branch of machine learning (machine learning-ML). Deep learning methods utilize high-level model abstraction of nonlinear transformations in large databases. In other areas, the implementation of deep learning architectures has contributed significantly to the development of artificial intelligence. This paper presents recent research on newly applied deep learning algorithms. Convolutional Neural Networks are used in deep learning. Database Management System PostgreSQL object-relational database. The implementation resulted in achieving the set goals and objectives. The method of analyzing the input data is described, the differences between machine learning and deep learning are explained, and an example of classifying an image representing a sign language image using logistic regression, one of the deep learning algorithms, is presented. Deep neural networks can work with the full set of available data better than alternative approaches. During the learning process, the neural network itself determines which features in the data are important and which are not. Artificial neural networks can predict symptoms that humans cannot. Thus, with the help of deep neural networks, we can solve problems that traditional machine learning algorithms cannot perform.
Modeling of the minimum number of nodes of a private university cloud virtualization cluster
Authors:   Abai Kazakh National Pedagogical University, Akhmetov B. S. , Lakhno V. A. ,   National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Oshanova N. T. ,   Abai Kazakh National Pedagogical University, Zhilkishbayev A. A. ,   Caspian University of Technology and Engineering named after Sh.Yessenov, Bereke М. B. ,   Abai Kazakh National Pedagogical University, Izbasova N. B. ,   Caspian University of Technology and Engineering named after Sh.Yessenov
Published: March 2024

Cloud technologies and computing have long been part of the practice of leading universities. However, we note that the problem of estimating the optimal number of necessary nodes of a virtualization cluster still remains relevant. When designing the virtual desktop infrastructure (or VDI) of a university private cloud, developers face many technical challenges. One of them is to estimate the minimum required number of virtualization cluster nodes on which users’ virtual machines (VMs) are hosted. These VMs, for example, are used by students and teachers to complete training tasks. Another task that arises in the development of the VDI configuration is the task of algorithmizing the placement of the VM in the computer network (СN) of the university. In this case, the optimal placement of the VM allows you to mini- mize the number of nodes of the aircraft. And this does not affect the functionality of VDI in the sun. This approach will help reduce the cost of a solution for using the infrastructure of a private university cloud. And the latter is important for universities. The article offers a model for estimating the required number of virtualization cluster nodes. The proposed model is based on a combined approach, which involves jointly solving the problem of optimal packaging and finding the configuration of server platforms of a private university cloud using a genetic algorithm.
Computer simulation of swarming with aggregation of particles in dispersive systems
Authors:   South Kazakhstan University named after M. Auezov, Zhaksylyk Zh. , Musabekova L. ,   South Kazakhstan Medical Academy, Arystanbayev K. ,   South Kazakhstan Medical Academy, Amandikov M. ,   Peoples' Friendship University named after Academician A.Kuatbekov, Kobeyeva Z. ,   Shymkent University
Published: March 2024

In the previous works a systematic analysis of swarming processes, accompanied by particles aggregation with the formation of high-order clusters in dispersed flows, has been carried out. As a result of the analysis, it was proposed to consider three main swarming mechanisms. However, only the inertial mechanism was previously considered in detail. In the submitted work, this approach has been firstly adapted to simulating swarming according to the attractive mechanism in a dispersed system with allowance for the aggregation process. The research novelty, peculiarity, and originality of this development lie in that the phenomenon of swarming, accompanied by aggregation, arising under the influence of attraction centers, is modeled using a special probabilistic calculation scheme that is allowing to offer a universal approach to modeling attractive swarming under different physical nature of the interaction. The paper presents the algorithm, results of numerical experiments and gives their brief interpretation.
Interpretation of georadar data to search for hidden isolated objects
Authors:   Abai Kazakh National Pedagogical University, Sholpanbaev B.B. , Oralbekova Zh.O. ,   L. N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Karchevsky l. ,   Novosibirsk State University, Aziyeva N.T. ,   L. N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University
Published: March 2024

This article considered the possibilities of using a radar device in archeology. A geophysical method has been chosen that makes it possible to find underground archaeological sites without excavations. GPR signals are recorded as a radargram. Interpretation of radargrams makes it possible to make a predictive image of underground objects. However, the interpretation of radargrams is of a commercial nature. Therefore, the task of developing its own methods for interpreting radargrams is relevant. With the help of a geophysical GPR instrument, mounds, located far from settlements in the Kyzylorda region, were investigated. Three objects were chosen for the study: two barrows and a strip of land between the barrows. The latter has been investigated to determine if there is a connection between the two burial mounds. A marking scheme for the study area has been created. The problem under study requires the use of a non-destructive method. In order to significantly save time and money compared to existing methods of visual inspection of these objects with subsequent archaeological excavations, experimental studies were carried out with a step of 0.2 m using a geophysical instrument with 0.15 m antennas. Continuous areal surveys of three squares were made. Tests, monitoring, and scientific measurements were carried out. GPR data for predicting hidden isolated objects were processed using special built-in software. Recommendations to archaeologists are given.
Small ordered theories and quasi-successor properties on 1-type
Authors:   Іnstіtutе оf Mаthеmаtіcs аnd Mаthеmаtіcаl Mоdеlіng, Baizhanov B. S. ,   SDU University, Zambarnaya T. S. ,   Іnstіtutе оf Mаthеmаtіcs аnd Mаthеmаtіcаl Mоdеlіng, Umbetbayev O. A. ,   Іnstіtutе оf Mаthеmаtіcs аnd Mаthеmаtіcаl Mоdеlіng,   Kazakh-British Technical University
Published: March 2024

The article is dedicated to the properties of 1-types in small ordered theories, specifically focusing on a particular generalization of the concept of a successor function on integers known as a quasi-successor. The article includes examples of 1-types, present in both discrete and dense orders, on which the 2-formula φ(x, y) acts, which is a quasi-successor. For the first time, the concept of quasisuccessor was introduced by the authors in their previous works. The problems of properties and counting the number of countable models of theories with a definable linear order have been studied by many scientists, among them L. Mayer, S.V. Sudoplatov, B.Sh. Kulpeshov, B.S. Baizhanov, A. Alibek, T.S. Zambarnaya, S. Moconja and P. Tanovic. Formulas with properties of succession play an important role in the study of the case of maximal countable models. Using the compactness theorem for a non-isolated 1-type, it is possible to construct a model in which there is an infinite discrete order of the type ω* + ω. On this discrete order, a complete 1-type with the quasi-successor property can be distinguished. A complete description of the subclass of theories having the maximal countable spectrum opens p the possibility of describing a possible countable spectrum for theories with a definable linear order.
The rank of the numbers of the A-function
Authors:   National Physics and Mathematics School, Zharbolov A.
Published: March 2024

The famous Indian mathematician D. Kaprekar came up with a method for obtaining new numbers K(n) = n + S(n) where S(n) is the sum of the digits of a number n in decimal notation. Following D. Kaprekar, the paper presents a new way to obtain numbers It is proved that the function A(n) is non-decreasing. Similarly to the function K(n), the concepts of a-generated and a-self-generated numbers are defined. The rank of numbers is investigated and it is proved that the rank function is non-decreasing. The rank formula for the numbers n = 10S
Using ZnO/PMMA Nanocomposite Coating to Improve the Polycrystalline Solar Cell in Hot Weather Conditions
Authors: Al-Sailawi Ali , Qahtan A Abed
Published: March 2024

Solar energy is the most significant future energy source as the world keeps working to minimize emissions caused by the use of fossil fuels. The most popular method for transforming sunlight into electrical energy is the photovoltaic solar cell (PV). The main two problems with PV solar cells highlighted in this paper are the high solar cell surface temperature and the high reflection light of PV solar cells. Because each 1 °C increase in surface temperature reduces efficiency by 0.45%, and approximately 35% of total sunlight reflected in crystalline silicon solar cells. In this experimental work, the sol-gel process was used to prepare different concentrations of zinc oxide/polymethyl methacrylate (ZnO/PMMA) nanocomposite coatings and apply them to the top side of the polycrystalline solar cell in order to increase the solar cell efficiency. The results demonstrate a maximum temperature drop of 8.6 ºC and light reflection reduced up to 5.6%, so this led to an increase in solar cell efficiency from (11.33%) to (15.22%), where the results of the electrical properties after one hour (test time) showed that the uncoated cell was (ISC = 0.33 A, VOC = 0.38 V, and Pmax = 97 mW), while the results of the coated cell with the best concentration (3.875 wt%) were (ISC = 0.36 A, VOC = 0.43 V, and Pmax = 130 mW).
Implikasi Wanita Karier terhadap Pendidikan Anak
Authors: Erlidawati Erlidawati
Published: March 2024

This article discusses the involvement of career women in educating children which is reviewed from the literature. With the development of science and technology (IPTEK) which is increasingly advanced, it leads to the advancement of a broad mindset and knowledge for everyone. The aims of this article to is determine the involvement of career women or mothers in children's education. Career women or working women are women who have a high education to get an opportunity in working with various professions. Islam does not prohibit women from working outside the home to get workers the same rights as men. However, women must be accustomed to having dual roles as working women and mothers in educating their children because the main task of women is to educate and guide their children to become mature and useful human beings for them and others. Education that must be owned by a child is; physical and spiritual education, aqidah and moral education, worship education, intellectual and economic education.
INOVASI PRODUK OLAHAN SELAI LABU KUNING SEBAGAI BAHAN PANGAN SEHAT UNTUK MENINGKATKAN NILAI KOMODITAS
Authors: Sania Rizki
Published: March 2024

Labu kuning atau waluh merupakan bahan pangan yang banyak mengandung nilai gizi. Tingkat konsumsi labu kuning di Indonesia masih sangat rendah. Oleh karena itu perlu dilakukan inovasi dalam pengolahan labu kuning untuk menarik minat konsumen. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu membahas potensi pemanfaatan labu kuning untuk dijadikan produk olahan selai sebagai bahan pangan sehat. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini merupakan penelitian studi literatur. Hasil dari penelitian yaitu jumlah gula, penambahan pektin, dan tingkat keasaman. Jumlah gula yang tepat berperan dalam pengawetan, meningkatkan rasa, memperbaiki tekstur, dan memberikan warna yang baik pada selai. Pektin juga penting untuk membentuk gel. Keasaman yang tepat, sekitar pH 3,10 hingga 3,46, diperlukan untuk mendukung pembentukan gel. Proses pemasakan dengan konsistensi yang tepat pada suhu 80°C. Pengemasan sebagai tahap terakhir berperan sebagai pelindung produk dan sarana promosi. Selai labu kuning memiliki keunggulan sebagai makanan ringan sehat dengan kandungan serat tinggi dan kalori rendah. Meskipun produksi labu kuning meningkat di Indonesia, konsumsi masih rendah. Pembuatan selai menjadi salah satu inovasi untuk meningkatkan nilai tambah dan konsumsi labu kuning di masyarakat.

Kata Kunci: Inovasi, selai, labu kuning
Factors Influencing Utilization of ICT Facilities in Teaching and Learning of Agricultural Sciences. (A Case Study of Sokoine University of Agriculture, Tanzania)
Authors: Makundi Zungu R. , Rutatora Prof. Deogratias F. , Kidudu Dr. Joshua S.
Published: March 2024

This study investigated the factors influencing utilization of ICT facilities in teaching and learning of agricultural sciences at Sokoine University of Agriculture (SUA), Tanzania. A descriptive survey design was adopted in this study; and a mixed research approach was employed whereby, a questionnaire with a reliability of 0.83 and interview schedule checklist were used for data collection. Data were collected from the College of Agriculture (CoA) at SUA involving a sample population of 65 instructors, 4 Heads of Department and the Head of ICT services who were all purposively selected. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, content analysis and binary logistic model. The findings revealed that institutional factors such as the availability and accessibility of ICT facilities, and technical support influence instructors toward using ICTs in teaching and learning processes. The findings also revealed that, personal factors such as instructors’ positive attitude, sex, age and teaching experience play significant roles in influencing ICT utilization at the university. The study findings also point out that inadequacy of ICT facilities, slow internet connectivity, unreliable power supply, inadequate ICT infrastructures, lack of in-service training, problems of handling large classes, inadequacy of ICT manpower/ technical support, and lack administrative support i.e. provision of funds as challenges that deter instructors from utilizing ICTs. Among other things, it was recommended that, the university should strive to address the existing challenges by at least ensuring alternative source of power is installed, ensuring regular training of instructors is organized and adequate ICT infrastructures are available at the university.
Unfolding the History of the Quadricentennial Roman Catholic Churches in the Province of Camarines Norte
Authors: Quinito Daryl I. , Tino Marilou D.
Published: March 2024

Faith and religion are inseparable elements that shape one’s being and personhood. The foundation of history in any place in the world and even in the remotest area of a small province has its roots in the early civilization of the local folks’ culture, traditions, beliefs, and ethnography. As a devoted Roman Catholic who was born and raised in the same faith by equally devoted parents, the researcher took a heartfelt fascination on how religion influenced, shaped, and reshaped the Province of Camarines Norte. As cited by Noel Alegre (2010) in his study of the Masonic symbols on the façade of Our Lady of the Candle Church in Paracale, Camarines Norte, “History of religions ceases to be on museum of fossils, ruins, and obsolete memorabilia and becomes what it should have been from the beginning for any investigator: a series of ‘messages’ waiting to be deciphered and understood” (Eliade in Comstock, 1971:57). Inspired by the study of Alegre, the researcher unearthed and unfolded the historical beginnings, developments, and contributions of the quadricentennial Roman Catholic Churches namely: St. John the Baptist Church in Daet, Nuestra Señora De la Candelaria (Our Lady of the Candle) in Paracale and Parroquia de San Pedro Apostol (St. Peter the Apostle) Church in Vinzons to provide and store verified information of the past, and how these catholic churches influenced and shaped the lives of the local folks in the Province of Camarines Norte. Tino (2023) also cited that “every society which honors basic human rights, has a role for the church and the state, the church has lived with under every form to men, nations, and governments come and go but the church endures; it is the oldest living institution known to man.” Being a devoted Roman Catholic, born and raised in the same faith by equally devoted parents, the researcher took a heartfelt fascination on how religion could influence, shape, and reshape his immediate society, the Province of Camarines Norte.
Women Participation in Conflict: The Case of the Biafran War
Authors: Anurioha Ihuoma Ogechi
Published: March 2024

In order to investigate the type and scope of Biafran women’s involvement in the Nigerian Civil War from 1967 to 1970, this case study looks into their various responsibilities by using academic research on women’s participation in the conflict as a lens. Through historical narratives, archive materials, and empirically documented interview of a government official who is Biafran, results show that, in contrast to stereotypes of women as passive during conflict, Biafran women had essential and active roles. They served even when deliberate malnutrition (“weapons of war”) was applied against them, severely impairing their capacity to provide for their families. Some women ventured into hostile terrain on perilous missions to procure provisions and sustenance. Furthermore, Biafran women fought alongside men on the front lines, a novel finding that refutes the belief that they only play supportive, non-combat roles. The research also reveals a rise in political involvement due to community organizing activities spearheaded by women such as Madam Agafa. Nevertheless, there are gaps in our understanding of the unique contributions made by Biafran women to conflict resolution and peace-building. This case study highlights the gendered stereotypes that emphasize women’s passivity during the war. It draws attention to Biafran women’s profound and significant role during this independence movement in various military, political, social, and economic spheres. They made significant sacrifices like males and participated voluntarily and forcefully. The research aims to encourage more women to participate in Nigerian decision-making and post-conflict reconciliation socially, economically and politically.
Child Labor: The Human Trafficking Exploitation in Nigeria.
Authors: Anurioha Ihuoma Ogechi
Published: March 2024

This paper examines the issue of child labor and human trafficking exploitation in Nigeria. These practices deprive children of educational opportunities and normal childhood development, propagating cycles of poverty. Various cultural, socioeconomic, and religious drivers enable the persistence of child labor despite legislative interventions. This study utilizes mixed-methods data involving qualitative and quantitative approaches to explore the nature, contributors, and impacts of child labor in Nigeria by reviewing scholarly journals, reports, statistical data, and policy documents. Factors analyzed include cultural attitudes, poverty, porous borders, gender norms, and the breakdown of Islamic educational apprenticeships. Consequences across health, psychology, education, and national growth are scrutinized. Governmental efforts and remaining gaps are assessed. Results revealed that cultural acceptance of child economic roles, especially for girls, and endemic poverty drive families to perpetuate child labor traditions. Economic integration policies enable trafficking across West African borders. Nigeria’s Almajiri Qur’anic education system has deteriorated, with many boys now begging or working for survival rather than studying. The result is vulnerability to further exploitation. A novel finding from this study revealed that about 80.5% of participants responded that their child labor experiences did not affect their education, contrasting existing research that found child labor to limit schooling in Nigeria. Few victims develop lifelong health issues and trauma. In some cases, erratic education also propagates intergenerational poverty. Although Nigeria has implemented institutional interventions, enforcement gaps allow child labor to persist. Extended research into policy efficacy and poverty reduction initiatives are warranted to alleviate cultural and economic strains compelling child labor to neglect human rights.
Barriers, Accommodations, and Outcomes: Supporting a Neurodiverse Student in Japanese Higher Education
Authors: Yphantides Jennifer
Published: March 2024

This chapter is a case study of a special needs student enrolled in an inclusion program built into a first-year intensive English language course at a medium-sized private Japanese university in Tokyo. The university is unique in that it has established a vibrant learning support center for students whose staff worked closely with teachers in the English language program. Despite this support, as the case study shows, the student faces many barriers. The barriers to full inclusion included societal stigma and a lack of awareness of developmental disabilities. The chapter concludes with potential ways of overcoming these barriers, including further training for teachers, developing the knowledge, skills, and attitudes necessary to approach reluctant students to register with the learning support center, and the creation of peer support programs to facilitate greater social and academic inclusion of special needs students.
Dyslexia in Japanese Schooling: An Interview With Eiko Todo
Authors: Todo Eiko , Young Davey
Published: March 2024

Young learners with dyslexia encounter a number of barriers to learning in Japanese education. Issues related to diagnosis, assessment, and even access to educational opportunities are further complicated by language learning, which raises a number of concerns for bilingual children and children from international families. In this chapter, Eiko Todo, chair of the nonprofit organization EDGE (Japan Dyslexia Society) elaborates on a number of these concerns and how educators and parents can help alleviate them. Additional points of discussion include online learning, orthography and phonology of Japanese versus English, and relevant policy developments pertaining to young learners with dyslexia.
A Father's Journey: Teaching Canadian Inclusive Education in a Japanese Elementary School Special Support Education Classroom
Authors: Bonnah Theodore
Published: March 2024

Although Japanese Special Support Education (特別支援教育 tokubetsu shien kyouiku or SSE) classes have become a part of the contemporary education landscape, their implementation evidences cultural and systemic barriers to student learning and inclusion in school life. As a certified primary-secondary school teacher with special education training and experience in Canada, these barriers stood out to the author when he began voluntarily teaching at his son’s classroom. In this chapter, the author analyzes the struggles and successes he witnessed while implementing Canadian style special education in Japan, where Japanese Educational Discourses (JED) and their attendant practices do not always support barrier-free learning. Specifically, the author examines Repetition as Primary Pedagogic Practice, Lack of Materials Adaptation & Accommodation for Individuals, and Inappropriate Interaction Technique and Behavioural Issues as obstacles to providing inclusive education. The author cites lack of specialized training and manpower shortages as contributing factors for these gaps in teaching practice, and notes how they could only be filled by additional investments of time and expertise from outside the school system, such as his own volunteer teaching. The author concludes that Japanese SSE teachers will readily change their practices to accommodate individual student needs better if they can be shown that this benefits students, and that implementing such techniques is feasible and effective.
Inclusive Approaches at an After-School Day Service
Authors: Polim Hidayat , Eckstein Johnathan
Published: March 2024

Despite the increasing number of students with special educational needs (SEN) in Japan (MEXT, n.d.a), little is known about the informal after-school programs that support such students. Through a reflective exploration of the authors’ personal experiences, this chapter highlights such efforts in supporting students with special needs within an after-school day service in Japan called STEAM+. Additionally, the authors provide background information on the day service alongside the overall goals and objectives and how this relates to providing care for the various kinds of characteristics of their students. Furthermore, they discuss their experiences and the benefits of integrating inclusive approaches including interest-based learning and game-based learning into the classroom. Finally, the authors conclude by emphasizing the role of an after-school day service in supporting students with special needs.
Conclusion: Takeaways for All Teachers
Authors: Cook Melodie Lorie
Published: March 2024

Although I am not an expert in SpLD students, I have been finding over the years, as have other teachers, that the number of students with SpLDs entering my university has been increasing. Although experts have sometimes come to my campus to give information about different SpLDs, they have not offered concrete strategies for teachers. This is why I brought Alex Burke and Davey Young on board as co-editors to help me find teachers who have experience and were willing to share it with educators at all levels of schooling in Japan. In this chapter, I share, from the layperson’s perspective, what lessons I have taken away from this volume and those things I can imagine myself doing in future classes to ensure that all students feel included.
Conceptualizing Inclusive Practices for English Language Teachers
Authors: Young Davey , Burke Alexandra
Published: March 2024

Chapter 3 builds on the previous two chapters by outlining a general set of guidelines for inclusive practices. Inclusive practices, as opposed to inclusive education, are the specific teaching principles that help ensure instruction is accessible to all.
Empowering and Enabling Tertiary English Language Learners Towards Equity and Justice for All: A Case Study
Authors: Ooiwa Ayako , Yap Michael Y.
Published: March 2024

College freshmen face the challenge of adjusting to a new environment where they are expected to be more autonomous and independent. These expectations are more challenging for students with specific difficulties and “gray-zone” students - learners who present tendencies of specific difficulties but remain undiagnosed. This chapter reports a case study where support systems are introduced through the orientation period of university core-curriculum English courses. The materials and tools developed and designed for this purpose have helped all learners, especially those who require some form of support, identify which people to reach out to for help and ask for assistance in managing tasks, keeping deadlines, and navigating university life. These initiated practices aim to help empower learners toward equitable learning opportunities and justice for their rights to education.
Supporting EFL Learners With Learning Differences
Authors: Kennedy ​Olivia
Published: March 2024

Increasing awareness and acceptance of diversity has brought new educational opportunities for neurodiverse people and those with learning differences. Universities must find ways to support these learners, however, if they are to succeed in higher education. In this chapter, Olivia Kennedy describes the systems in place to do so at a small university in Western Japan: an adaptive and integrative intake process, a cohesive and mutually beneficial student peer support system, and a culture of reflective practice for teachers. The ways that she works within these systems to ensure that the teachers in her care are supported in their teaching of neurodiverse students are described in detail so that learnings can be applied in other contexts.
A Student With Visual Impairment in an EFL Reading Classroom: The Teacher and the Student’s Experience
Authors: Tsukamoto Mizuka
Published: March 2024

Drawing from the author’s reflective notes and student feedback, this chapter considers the challenges and successes of the author’s first experience with a visually impaired student in a university EFL reading class. The author’s teaching strategies and classroom adjustments are discussed, as well as what support was available or lacking from the English language programme and university student support centre. The chapter concludes by emphasising the importance of communication and cooperation between the university’s various administrative divisions to achieve better results and experiences for both students and instructors.
Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease presenting as unilateral cerebral cortical encephalitis: a case report
Authors: An Ji-Yoon , Jang Soo-Im , Choi Seul-Gi , Lee Sae-Nal , Lee Eun-Ja , Kim Kwang-Ki , Kim Hang-Rai
Published: March 2024

Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) is an autoimmune disorder with diverse clinical manifestations including myelitis, meningitis, encephalitis, and optic neuritis. MOGAD rarely presents with unilateral cerebral cortical encephalitis (CCE), rendering the diagnosis difficult in these cases. Furthermore, MOGAD is frequently accompanied by other autoimmune diseases such as thyroid disease or inflammatory bowel disease. Herein, we report a case of unilateral CCE with positive anti-myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibodies. In addition, our patient presented with systemic symptoms as well as neurologic symptoms and was finally diagnosed with ulcerative colitis (UC). A 60-year-old female was admitted to the hospital with an acute onset of headache and fever. Neurological examination revealed left-sided homonymous hemianopsia with intermittent visual hallucinations as flickering red-circular spots in the left visual field. Brain magnetic resonance imaging showed focal hyperintensities and enhancement in the right temporo-parieto-occipital cortex. Electroencephalography indicated a focal seizure in the right occipital cortex. After the administration of an antiepileptic drug, the patient showed clinical and radiological improvements. She tested positive for serum anti-MOG antibodies and was diagnosed with anti-MOG-associated unilateral CCE. However, the gastrointestinal symptoms persisted, thus, a sigmoidoscopy was performed. The patient was diagnosed with comorbid UC. Steroids were administered to treat the UC and the gastrointestinal symptoms improved. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of MOGAD presenting as a unilateral CCE in Korea. This case highlights the clinical phenotypes of MOGAD and the need to assess comorbid autoimmune diseases in patients with MOGAD.
Odontología Pediátrica en Latinoamérica: Celebrando Logros y Desafiando Estereotipos
Authors: Montenegro Urbina Uriel
Published: March 2024

The following text recognizes the importance of our specialty, and raises concern about the risk of infantilizing our practice when working with children: we are a scientific profession that must be practiced based on high standards of professionalism, avoiding acting like children just because they are our material subject study. This, without forgetting that we must adapt to the process of growth and bio-psycho-social development of our patients.
Prevalência de papiloma oral em crianças brasileiras: um estudoretrospectivo de lesões biopsiadas
Authors: Rezende Karla Mayra , Gentile Ana Carolina Cheron , Marinho Giovanna Bueno , Haddad Ana Estela , Bönecker Marcelo
Published: March 2024

Introduction: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is an etiologic factor for several diseases of the oralmucosa and skin that can undergo a malignant process. Vaccination is the most important form of prevention, with girls being vaccinated between the ages of 9 and 13 and boys between the ages of 11 and 13. There is still no consensus on the prevalence of the HPV virus in children. Aim: To review the prevalence of HPV in children aged 1 to 13 years based on a database of reports of biopsied lesions diagnosed with papilloma analyzed in a national reference laboratory. Material and methods: Anatomic-pathologic reports of biopsies received at the Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology Laboratory of the Faculty of Dentistry of the College of São Paulo were analyzed over a 20-year period, between 2002 and 2022. Information on gender, lesion location and diagnostic hypotheses was also collected. Results: In a database of 93,950 reports, the age group analyzed accounted for 4,203 and 99 (2.3%) were diagnosed with papilloma. The proportion of male and female reports was similar at 50.5% and 49.5% respectively. The most common location of the lesion found was the lip region (48%). The most frequently cited diagnostic hypotheses were epulis and verruca vulgaris. Conclusion: The prevalence of papillomas in Brazilian children aged 1 to 13 years was 2.3%. Early diagnosis and advice on HPV vaccination can prevent and avoid exacerbation of the disease. Recognizing the clinical features of lesions is essential for correct diagnosis and early intervention and counseling.
Intrusive luxation in primary dentition: clinical report
Authors: Padovese Mariella , Singi Paola , Mota Bárbara Maria Morais da , Oliveira Tomáz Ferraresso Lucas Fernando , Nagata Mariana Emi , Garbelini Cássia Cilene Dezan , Boer Farli Aparecida Carrilho , Paiva Mayra Frasson
Published: March 2024

Intrusive dislocation is the most frequent type of traumatic injury in the primary dentition, characterized by displacement of the tooth into the alveolus. Intrusions require a thorough physical examination, radiographs of diagnostic value, and follow-up of the case, since the prognosis is unfavorable, mainly due to the probability of damage to the permanent tooth germ. This work aims to report a clinical case of intrusive dislocation in the primary dentition, from diagnosis to follow-up. This is a male patient, 3 years old, who attended the Emergency of the Children’s Specialty Clinic – State University of Londrina (UEL) due to dento-alveolar trauma in the antero-superior region that occurred three days ago. On clinical examination, tooth 61 had grade II intrusion (one-third of the crown visible), and tooth 62 had grade I intrusion, with more than one-third of the crown visible. Radiographically, a buccal inclination was observed, with no fracture of the bone plate. Thus, we opted for conservative treatment, waiting for the spontaneous re-eruption of the teeth involved. Furthermore, parents were informed about the possible consequences of this type of trauma and the need for clinical and radiographic follow-up consultations. After eight months of follow-up, the teeth erupted satisfactorily. It is extremely important to establish a protocol for observation and control of the traumatized tooth, observing signs and symptoms of the tissues involved in the trauma to reduce sequelae in both dentitions.