bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of single-Doppler and multiple-Doppler wind retrievals in Hurricane Matthew (2016)
Authors: Cha Ting-Yu , Bell Michael M.
Published: May 2021

Abstract. Hurricane Matthew (2016) was observed by the ground-based polarimetric Next Generation Weather Radar (NEXRAD) in Miami (KAMX) and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration WP-3D (NOAA P-3) airborne tail Doppler radar near the coast of the southeastern United States for several hours, providing a novel opportunity to evaluate and compare single- and multiple-Doppler wind retrieval techniques for tropical cyclone flows. The generalized velocity track display (GVTD) technique can retrieve a subset of the wind field from a single ground-based Doppler radar under the assumption of nearly axisymmetric rotational wind, but it has been shown to have errors from the aliasing of unresolved wind components. An improved technique that mitigates errors due to storm motion is derived in this study, although some spatial aliasing remains due to limited information content from the single-Doppler measurements. A spline-based variational wind retrieval technique called SAMURAI can retrieve the full three-dimensional wind field from airborne radar fore–aft pseudo-dual-Doppler scanning, but it has been shown to have errors due to temporal aliasing from the nonsimultaneous Doppler measurements. A comparison between the two techniques shows that the axisymmetric tangential winds are generally comparable between the two techniques, and the improved GVTD technique improves the accuracy of the retrieval. Fourier decomposition of asymmetric kinematic and convective structure shows more discrepancies due to spatial and temporal aliasing in the retrievals. The strengths and weaknesses of each technique for studying tropical cyclone structure are discussed and suggest that complementary information can be retrieved from both single- and dual-Doppler retrievals. Future improvements to the asymmetric flow assumptions in single-Doppler analysis and steady-state assumptions in pseudo-dual-Doppler analysis are required to reconcile differences in retrieved tropical cyclone structure.
Attenuation of plasmaspheric hiss associated with the enhanced magnetospheric electric field
Authors: Li Haimeng , Li Wen , Ma Qianli , Nishimura Yukitoshi , Yuan Zhigang , Boyd Alex J. , Shen Xiaochen , Tang Rongxin , Deng Xiaohua
Published: May 2021

Abstract. We report an attenuation of hiss wave intensity in the
duskside of the outer plasmasphere in response to enhanced convection and
a substorm based on Van Allen Probe observations. Using test particle codes,
we simulate the dynamics of energetic electron fluxes based on a realistic
magnetospheric electric field model driven by solar wind and subauroral
polarization stream. We suggest that the enhanced magnetospheric electric
field causes the outward and sunward motion of energetic electrons,
corresponding to the decrease of energetic electron fluxes on the duskside,
leading to the subsequent attenuation of hiss wave intensity. The results
indicate that the enhanced electric field can significantly change the
energetic electron distributions, which provide free energy for hiss wave
amplification. This new finding is critical for understanding the generation
of plasmaspheric hiss and its response to solar wind and substorm activity.
The winter 2019 air pollution (PM2.5) measurement campaign in Christchurch, New Zealand
Authors: Dale Ethan R. , Kremser Stefanie , Tradowsky Jordis S. , Bodeker Greg E. , Bird Leroy J. , Olivares Gustavo , Coulson Guy , Somervell Elizabeth , Pattinson Woodrow , Barte Jonathan , Schmidt Jan-Niklas , Abrahim Nariefa , McDonald Adrian J. , Kuma Peter
Published: May 2021

Abstract. MAPM (Mapping Air Pollution eMissions) is a project whose goal is to develop a method to infer airborne particulate matter (PM) emissions maps from in situ PM concentration measurements. In support of MAPM, a winter field campaign was conducted in New Zealand in 2019 (June to September) to obtain the measurements required to test and validate the MAPM methodology. Two different types of instruments measuring PM were deployed: ES-642 remote dust monitors (17 instruments) and Outdoor Dust Information Nodes (ODINs; 50 instruments). The measurement campaign was bracketed by two intercomparisons where all instruments were co-located, with a permanently installed tapered element oscillating membrane (TEOM) instrument, to determine any instrument biases. Changes in biases between the pre- and post-campaign intercomparisons were used to determine instrument drift over the campaign period. Once deployed, each ES-642 was co-located with an ODIN. In addition to the PM measurements, meteorological variables (temperature, pressure, wind speed, and wind direction) were measured at three automatic weather station (AWS) sites established as part of the campaign, with additional data being sourced from 27 further AWSs operated by other agencies. Vertical profile measurements were made with 12 radiosondes during two 24 h periods and complimented measurements made with a mini micropulse lidar and ceilometer. Here we present the data collected during the campaign and discuss the correction of the measurements made by various PM instruments. We find that when compared to measurements made with a simple linear correction, a correction based on environmental conditions improves the quality of measurements retrieved from ODINs but results in over-fitting and increases the uncertainties when applied to the more sophisticated ES-642 instruments. We also compare PM2.5 and PM10 measured by ODINs which, in some cases, allows us to identify PM from natural and anthropogenic sources. The PM data collected during the campaign are publicly available from https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4542559 (Dale et al., 2020b), and the data from other instruments are available from https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4536640 (Dale et al., 2020a).
A new global gridded sea surface temperature data product based on multisource data
Authors: Cao Mengmeng , Mao Kebiao , Yan Yibo , Shi Jiancheng , Wang Han , Xu Tongren , Fang Shu , Yuan Zijin
Published: May 2021

Abstract. Sea surface temperature (SST) is an important geophysical
parameter that is essential for studying global climate change. Although sea
surface temperature can currently be obtained through a variety of sensors
(MODIS, AVHRR, AMSR-E, AMSR2, WindSat, in situ sensors), the temperature
values obtained by different sensors come from different ocean depths and
different observation times, so different temperature products lack
consistency. In addition, different thermal infrared temperature products
have many invalid values due to the influence of clouds, and passive
microwave temperature products have very low resolutions. These factors
greatly limit the applications of ocean temperature products in practice. To
overcome these shortcomings, this paper first took MODIS SST products as a
reference benchmark and constructed a temperature depth and observation time
correction model to correct the influences of the different sampling depths
and observation times obtained by different sensors. Then, we built a
reconstructed spatial model to overcome the effects of clouds, rainfall, and
land interference that makes full use of the complementarities and
advantages of SST data from different sensors. We applied these two models
to generate a unique global 0.041∘ gridded monthly SST product
covering the years 2002–2019. In this dataset, approximately 25 % of the
invalid pixels in the original MODIS monthly images were effectively
removed, and the accuracies of these reconstructed pixels were improved by
more than 0.65 ∘C compared to the accuracies of the original
pixels. The accuracy assessments indicate that the reconstructed dataset
exhibits significant improvements and can be used for mesoscale ocean
phenomenon analyses. The product will be of great use in research related to
global change, disaster prevention, and mitigation and is available at
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4419804 (Cao et al., 2021a).
Iron and sulfur cycling in the cGENIE.muffin Earth system model (v0.9.21)
Authors: van de Velde Sebastiaan J. , Hülse Dominik , Reinhard Christopher T. , Ridgwell Andy
Published: May 2021

Abstract. The coupled biogeochemical cycles of iron and sulfur are central to the long-term biogeochemical evolution of Earth's oceans. For instance, before the development of a persistently oxygenated deep ocean, the ocean interior likely alternated between states buffered by reduced sulfur (“euxinic”) and buffered by reduced iron (“ferruginous”), with important implications for the cycles and hence bioavailability of dissolved iron (and phosphate). Even after atmospheric oxygen concentrations rose to modern-like
values, the ocean episodically continued to develop regions of euxinic or ferruginous conditions, such as those associated with past key intervals of organic carbon deposition (e.g. during the Cretaceous) and extinction events (e.g. at the Permian–Triassic boundary). A better understanding of the cycling of iron and sulfur in an anoxic ocean, how geochemical patterns in the ocean relate to the available spatially heterogeneous
geological observations, and quantification of the feedback strengths between nutrient cycling, biological productivity, and ocean redox requires a spatially resolved representation of ocean circulation together with
an extended set of (bio)geochemical reactions. Here, we extend the “muffin” release of the intermediate-complexity Earth
system model cGENIE to now include an anoxic iron and sulfur cycle (expanding the existing oxic iron and sulfur cycles), enabling the model to simulate ferruginous and euxinic redox states as well as the precipitation of reduced iron and sulfur minerals (pyrite, siderite, greenalite) and
attendant iron and sulfur isotope signatures, which we describe in full.
Because tests against present-day (oxic) ocean iron cycling exercises only a small part of the new code, we use an idealized ocean configuration to explore model sensitivity across a selection of key parameters. We also present the spatial patterns of concentrations and δ56Fe and
δ34S isotope signatures of both dissolved and solid-phase Fe and S species in an anoxic ocean as an example application. Our sensitivity analyses show that the first-order results of the model are relatively robust against the choice of kinetic parameter values within the Fe–S system and that simulated concentrations and reaction rates are comparable to those observed in process analogues for ancient oceans (i.e. anoxic lakes). Future model developments will address sedimentary recycling and benthic iron fluxes back to the water column, together with the coupling of nutrient (in particular phosphate) cycling to the iron cycle.
Sequential Data Assimilation for Real-Time Probabilistic Flood Inundation Mapping
Authors: Jafarzadegan Keighobad , Abbaszadeh Peyman , Moradkhani Hamid
Published: May 2021

Abstract. Real-time probabilistic flood inundation mapping is crucial for flood risk warning and decision making during the emergency of an upcoming flood event. Considering high uncertainties involved in the modeling of a nonlinear and complex flood event, providing a deterministic flood inundation map can be erroneous and misleading for reliable and timely decision making. The conventional flood hazard maps provided for different return periods cannot also represent the actual dynamics of flooding rivers. Therefore, a real-time modeling framework that forecasts the inundation areas before the onset of an upcoming flood is of paramount importance. Sequential Data Assimilation (DA) techniques are well-known for real-time operation of physical models while accounting for existing uncertainties. In this study, we present a Data Assimilation (DA)-hydrodynamic modeling framework where multiple gauge observations are integrated into the LISFLOOD-FP model to improve its performance. This study utilizes the Ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF) in a multivariate fashion for dual estimation of model state variables and parameters where the correlations among point source observations are taken into account. First, a synthetic experiment is designed to assess the performance of the proposed approach, then the method is used to simulate the Hurricane Harvey flood in 2017. Our results indicate that the multivariate assimilation of point-source observations into hydrodynamic models can improve the accuracy and reliability of probabilistic flood inundation mapping by 5–7% while it also provides the basis for sequential updating and real-time flood inundation mapping.
Assessing hydrological sensitivity of grassland basins in the Canadian Prairies to climate using a basin classification–based virtual modelling approach
Authors: Spence Christopher , He Zhihua , Shook Kevin R. , Mekonnen Balew A. , Pomeroy John W. , Whitfield Colin J. , Wolfe Jared D.
Published: May 2021

Abstract. Significant challenges from changes in climate and land-use face sustainable water use in the Canadian Prairies ecozone. The region has experienced significant warming since the mid 20th Century, and continued warming of an additional 2 °C by 2050 is expected. This paper aims to enhance understanding of climate controls on Prairie basin hydrology through numerical model experiments. It approaches this by developing a basin classification–based virtual modeling framework for a portion of the Prairie region, and applying the modelling framework to investigate the hydrological sensitivity of one Prairie basin class (High Elevation Grasslands) to changes in climate. High Elevation Grasslands dominate much of central and southern Alberta and parts of southwestern Saskatchewan with outliers in eastern Saskatchewan and western Manitoba. The experiments revealed that High Elevation Grasslands snowpacks are highly sensitive to changes in climate, but that this varies geographically. Spring maximum snow water equivalent in grasslands decreases 8% per degree °C of warming. Climate scenario simulations indicated a 2 °C increase in temperature requires at least an increase of 20% in mean annual precipitation for there to be enough additional snowfall to compensate for enhanced melt losses. The sensitivity in runoff is less linear and varies substantially across the study domain; simulations using 6 °C of warming and a 30% increase in mean annual precipitation yields simulated decreases in annual runoff of 40% in climates of the western Prairie but 55% increases in climates of eastern portions. These results can be used to identify those areas of the region that are most sensitive to climate change, and highlight focus areas for monitoring and adaptation. The results also demonstrate how a basin classification–based virtual modeling framework can be applied to evaluate regional scale impacts of climate change with relatively high spatial resolution, in a robust, effective and efficient manner.
Spatio-temporal controls of C–N–P dynamics across headwater catchments of a temperate agricultural region from public data analysis
Authors: Guillemot Stella , Fovet Ophelie , Gascuel-Odoux Chantal , Gruau Gérard , Casquin Antoine , Curie Florence , Minaudo Camille , Strohmenger Laurent , Moatar Florentina
Published: May 2021

Abstract. Characterizing and understanding spatial variability in
water quality for a variety of chemical elements is an issue for present and
future water resource management. However, most studies of spatial
variability in water quality focus on a single element and rarely consider
headwater catchments. Moreover, they assess few catchments and focus on
annual means without considering seasonal variations. To overcome these
limitations, we studied spatial variability and seasonal variation in
dissolved C, N, and P concentrations at the scale of an intensively farmed
region of France (Brittany). We analysed 185 headwater catchments (from
5–179 km2) for which 10-year time series of monthly
concentrations and daily stream flow were available from public databases.
We calculated interannual loads, concentration percentiles, and seasonal
metrics for each element to assess their spatial patterns and correlations.
We then performed rank correlation analyses between water quality, human
pressures, and soil and climate features. Results show that nitrate
(NO3) concentrations increased with increasing agricultural pressures
and base flow contribution; dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations
decreased with increasing rainfall, base flow contribution, and topography;
and soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) concentrations showed weaker positive
correlations with diffuse and point sources, rainfall and topography. An
opposite pattern was found between DOC and NO3: spatially, between
their median concentrations, and temporally, according to their seasonal
cycles. In addition, the quality of annual maximum NO3 concentration
was in phase with maximum flow when the base flow index was low, but this
synchrony disappeared when flow flashiness was lower. These DOC–NO3
seasonal cycle types were related to the mixing of flow paths combined with
the spatial variability of their respective sources and to local
biogeochemical processes. The annual maximum SRP concentration occurred
during the low-flow period in nearly all catchments. This likely resulted
from the dominance of P point sources. The approach shows that despite the
relatively low frequency of public water quality data, such databases can
provide consistent pictures of the spatio-temporal variability of water
quality and of its drivers as soon as they contain a large number of
catchments to compare and a sufficient length of concentration time series.
Resampling and ensemble techniques for improving ANN-based high-flow forecast accuracy
Authors: Snieder Everett , Abogadil Karen , Khan Usman T.
Published: May 2021

Abstract. Data-driven flow-forecasting models, such as artificial neural networks (ANNs), are increasingly featured in research for their potential use in operational riverine flood warning systems. However, the distributions of observed flow data are imbalanced, resulting in poor prediction accuracy on high flows in terms of both amplitude and timing error. Resampling and ensemble techniques have been shown to improve model performance on imbalanced datasets. However, the efficacy of these methods (individually or combined) has not been explicitly evaluated for improving high-flow forecasts. In this research, we systematically evaluate and compare three resampling methods, random undersampling (RUS), random oversampling (ROS), and the synthetic minority oversampling technique for regression (SMOTER), and four ensemble techniques, randomised weights and biases, bagging, adaptive boosting (AdaBoost), and least-squares boosting (LSBoost), on their ability to improve high stage prediction accuracy using ANNs. These methods are implemented both independently and in combined hybrid techniques, where the resampling methods are embedded within the ensemble methods. This systematic approach for embedding resampling methods is a novel contribution. This research presents the first analysis of the effects of combining these methods on high stage prediction accuracy. Data from two Canadian watersheds (the Bow River in Alberta and the Don River in Ontario), representing distinct hydrological systems, are used as the basis for the comparison of the methods. The models are evaluated on overall performance and on typical and high stage subsets. The results of this research indicate that resampling produces marginal improvements to high stage prediction accuracy, whereas ensemble methods produce more substantial improvements, with or without resampling. Many of the techniques used produced an asymmetric trade-off between typical and high stage performance; reduction of high stage error resulted in disproportionately larger error on a typical stage. The methods proposed in this study highlight the diversity-in-learning concept and help support future studies on adapting ensemble algorithms for resampling. This research contains many of the first instances of such methods for flow forecasting and, moreover, their efficacy in addressing the imbalance problem and heteroscedasticity, which are commonly observed in high-flow and flood-forecasting models.
Effects of environmental factors and soil properties on soil organic carbon stock in a natural dry tropical area of Cameroon
Authors: Tsozué Désiré , Noubissie Nérine Mabelle Moudjie , Mamdem Estelle Lionelle Tamto , Basga Simon Djakba , Oyono Dieudonne Lucien Bitom
Published: May 2021

Abstract. Researches carried out on soil organic carbon stock (SOCS) in the Sudano-Sahelian part of Cameroon are very rare. The few existing ones are mostly available in reports and concern in most cases carbon stocks in plant biomass. In order to contribute to the documentation on soils in this part of the country, the present work was designed to evaluate the SOCS in the main soil types and the influence of environmental factors and soil properties on these stocks under the natural dry tropical area of the Sudano-Sahelian zone of Cameroon. The study was undertaken in four sites, including three natural forest reserves (Laf, Zamai, Kosohon) and one national park (Mozogo), located at different latitudes. Two replications were thereafter made, thus, giving rise to three sampling points chosen per site, from 0 to 75 cm depth, for the determination of the SOCS. At each sampling point, soils were sampled using depth increments of 25 cm from the surface. The studied area is covered by Haplic Vertisols, Dystric Arenosols, Dystric Leptosols and Dystric Planosols. T-SOCS content, which refers to a depth of 75 cm, decreases with increasing latitude, with 249±26.26 Mg.ha-1 in Vertisols at Laf forest reserve in the low latitude, 199±8.00 Mg.ha-1 in Arenosols at Zamai forest reserve, 166±16.63 Mg.ha-1 in Leptosols at Kosohon forest reserve and 161±8.88 Mg.ha-1 in Planosols at Mozogo national park in the high latitude, regardless of the altitude. No significant correlation was noted between T-SOCS and the altitude. A good correlation was noted between precipitation which decreases with increasing latitude and T-SOCS, indicating the importance of climate in the distribution of T-SOCS in the study area, which directly influence the productivity of the vegetation. More than 60% of the SOCS was stored below the first 25 cm from the soil surface, a peculiarity of SOCS in the drylands. The SOCS in the Sudano-Sahelian area of Cameroon is mainly influenced by climate and vegetation.
A probabilistic model for fracture events of Petermann ice islands under the influence of atmospheric and oceanic conditions
Authors: Zeinali-Torbati Reza , Turnbull Ian D. , Taylor Rocky S. , Mueller Derek
Published: May 2021

Abstract. Four calving events of Petermann Glacier happened in 2008, 2010, 2011, and 2012, which resulted in the drift and deterioration of numerous ice islands, some reaching as far as offshore Newfoundland. The presence of these ice islands in the eastern Canadian Arctic increases the risk of interaction with offshore operations and shipping activities. This study used the recently developed Canadian Ice Island Drift, Deterioration and Detection database to investigate the fracture events that these ice islands experienced, and presented a probabilistic model for the conditional occurrence of such events by analyzing the atmospheric and oceanic conditions that drive the causes behind the ice island fracture events. Variables representing the atmospheric and oceanic conditions that the ice islands were subjected to were extracted from reanalysis datasets and then interpolated to evaluate their distributions for both fracture and non-fracture events. The probability of fracture event occurrence for different combinations of input variable conditions were quantified using Bayes theorem. Out of the seven variables analyzed in this study, water temperature and ocean current speed were identified as the most and least important contributors, respectively, to the fracture events of the Petermann ice islands. It was also revealed that the ice island fracture probability increased to 75 % as the ice islands encountered extreme (very high) atmospheric and oceanic conditions. A validation scheme was presented using cross-validation approach and Pareto principle, and an average error of 13–39 % was reported in the fracture probability estimations. The presented probabilistic model has a predictive capability for future fracture events of ice islands and could be of particular interest to offshore and marine activities in the eastern Canadian Arctic. Future research, however, is necessary for model training and testing to further validate the presented ice island fracture model.
Supporting Postsecondary Faculty Transition to Rapid Online Teaching & Learning
Authors: Bartlett Michelle E. , Warren Carrol L. , Chapman Diane D.
Published: May 2021

North Carolina postsecondary faculty, similar to faculty around the world, who prepared their spring 2020 semester courses for face-to-face delivery, were required to quickly transition to Rapid Online Teaching and Learning (ROTL). This transition was expected within a short time frame, often one to two weeks, and for many faculty members, both time and resources to incorporate design practices found in high-quality online courses were limited. Faculty members demonstrated great determination and grit as they shifted to remote teaching and learning with a focus on the student success, even while feeling overwhelmed and disrupted themselves. Researchers examined two faculty-support programs designed to assist with the shift to online teaching during the COVID-19 crisis: one at a research-intensive, land-grant university and another for faculty at 58 community colleges, some of whom are enrolled in a CPED Ed.D. program. Lessons learned and thoughts on planning for future semesters are examined
THE WAYS OF INCREASING THE AMOUNT OF STUDENTS ‘ STUDY TIME FOR MASTERING A FOREIGN LANGUAGE IN A NON-LINGUISTIC UNIVERSITY
Authors: Ermakova Lyubov A.
Published: May 2021

The article attempts to analyse the most possible and effective options for increasing the amount of study time allocated to students and by the students themselves for mastering a foreign language in a non-linguistic university. To achieve this goal the author proposes to reconsider and reform the format of students’ independent work, making it a full-fledged component of a continuous interactive educational process. The practical value of the transition to teaching basic and specialized subjects in a foreign language is also emphasized through additional qualifications of the teaching staff, their active creative interaction, as well as high-quality training of students based on the school curriculum. The author calls the third way to expand the time frame for mastering a foreign language to actively introduce the formats of game and project activities into the educational process.
(Des)cortesía verbal y caracterización en el tercer Mimiambo de Herodas
Authors: Redondo Moyano María Elena
Published: May 2021

En este trabajo se identifican y describen los procedimientos de cortesía y descortesía verbal que se emplean en el tercer Mimiambo de Herodas y se estudia el papel que estos parámetros lingüísticos juegan como medios para la caracterización.
Revisión de un grafito ibérico sobre vaso de plata de Chiclana de Segura (Jaén)
Authors: Martínez Eugenio R. Luján , López Fernández Aránzazu
Published: May 2021

En este artículo se lleva a cabo la revisión de un grafito ibérico sobre un vaso de plata procedente de la Bética, al que no se había prestado demasiada atención en la bibliografía previa. Idéntica secuencia se encuentra en otro grafito sobre otro vaso de plata, igualmente de la Bética, y en algún grafito del sitio de Azaila (Teruel). En la misma base del vaso donde se grabó el grafito hay también dos letras latinas acompañadas de indicaciones numerales que no habían sido mencionadas en estudios anteriores.
La figura de Argos, el perro de Ulises, y su recepción en la poesía española reciente
Authors: Arcaz Pozo Juan Luis
Published: May 2021

En el presente trabajo se estudia la repercusión que la figura de Argos, el perro de Ulises, y la escena de la anagnórisis relatada en Odisea XVII 291-327, ha tenido en algunos textos y autores representativos de la literatura española desde mediados del siglo XX a la actualidad, especialmente en poetas de distintas tendencias y generaciones.
The Legacy of Bla ma dkar po: An Unsettled Dispute between Chone and Labrang on the Inner Asian Frontier
Authors: Gyatso Marnyi
Published: May 2021

From the 1860s to the 1890s, Bla ma dkar po, a Chone Tibetan lama rose to power in Xinjiang and became a major participant in the late Qing Inner Asian politics. With the support of Beijing, Lhasa, Mongol patrons and local tsho ba, the lama established a university monastery in his hometown, where was caught between Chone and Labrang in eastern Mdo smad. After he died of illness, the Qing court recognized him as a reincarnated ho thog thuin Dzungaria. Chone and Labrang contested for his spiritual and material legacies, competed for controlling his hometown, turned the reincarnation lineage into a local institution, and left the dispute unsettled up to the present. This article uses this case to examine the complex relations between Tibetan regional powers and local societiesin Mdo smad. It elaborates how the “long-term unsettling” became a solution for such a covert dispute.

བླ་མ་དཀར་པོའི་གནའ་རྫས།ཡ་གླིང་ནང་མའི་མཐའ་མཚམས་ཁྲོད་ཀྱི་ཅོ་ནེ་དང་བླ་བྲང་བར་གྱི་ཡུན་རིང་ཐག་གཅོད་མ་བྱས་པའི་རྩོད་གཞི།

སྤྱི་ལོ༡༨༦༠-༡༨༩༠ལོའི་བར།བླ་མ་དཀར་པོ་ནི་ཅོ་ནེའི་བོད་རིགས་ཀྱི་བླ་མ་ཤིན་ཅང་ས་ཆ་ནས་དབང་ཐང་རྒྱས་པར་མ་ཟད།ཆིང་རྒྱལ་རབས་ཀྱི་དུས་མཇུག་དུ་ཡ་གླིང་ནང་ཁུལ་གྱི་ཆབ་སྲིད་དུ་ཞུགས་མཁན་གཙོ་བོ་ཞིག་ཡིན།པེ་ཅིན།ལྷ་ས།སོག་པོ་བཅས་ཀྱི་སྤྱིན་བདག་དང་ས་གནས་དེའི་ཚོ་བའི་རྒྱབ་སྐྱོར་ལ་བརྟེན་ནས།བླ་མ་འདིའི་ཕ་ཡུལ།ཨ་མདོའི་ཤར་ཕྱོགས།ཅོ་ནེ་དང་བླ་བྲང་ས་ཆའི་བར་ནས་དགོན་པ་ཆེན་པོ་ཞིག་འཛུགས་བསྐྲུན་མཛད།ཁོང་རང་སྐུ་མྱངས་ནས་མྱ་ངན་ལས་འདས་བའི་རྗེས་སུ།ཆིང་སྲིད་གཞུང་གིས་ཁོ་རང་ཇིང་གུར་གྱི་ཡང་སྲིད་ཧོ་ཐོག་ཐུའི་ཆོ་ལོ་སྩལ།ཅོ་ནེ་དང་བླ་བྲང་བར་ཁོང་རང་གི་ཐུགས་དགོངས་དང་དངོས་པོའི་ཤུལ་བཞག་འགྲན་རྩོད་བྱུང་ནས།ཁོང་རང་གི་ཕ་ཡུལ་གྱིས་བརྩོན་ལེན་བྱེད་པར་ཚོད་འཛིན་བྱས།དེ་ནས་གདུང་རྒྱུད་འཛིན་པའི་གདུང་རབས་ཏེ་ས་གནས་ཀྱི་ལམ་ལུགས་སུ་འགྱུར།དེར་མ་ཟད་རྩོད་གཞི་འདི་ད་ལྟའི་བར་དུ་ཤུལ་ལུས་ཐག་གཅོད་མ་བྱས།རྩོམ་ཡིག་འདིར་ཨ་མདོའི་བོད་རིགས་ཀྱི་ས་ཁོངས་དབང་ཆ་དང་ས་གནས་སྤྱི་ཚོགས་བར་གྱི་རྙོག་འཛིང་གི་འབྲེལ་བ་དཔེ་མཚོན་དུ་བཟུང་ནས་བརྟག་ཞིབ་བྱས་ཡོད།ཁོ་བོས་“ཡུན་རིང་ཐག་གཅོད་མ་བྱས་པ”ཅི་ལྟར་འདི་འདྲའི་སྦས་བའི་རང་བཞིན་གྱི་རྩོད་གཞི་ཅག་གཅོད་བྱེད་ཐབས་ཞིབ་བརྗོད་བྱས་ཡོད།

བརྡ་ཆད་གཙོ་བོ།  བླ་མ་དཀར་པོ། ཅོ་ནེ། བླ་བྲང་། ཚོ་བ། གདུང་རྒྱུད་ལམ་ལུགས། ཡ་གླིང་ནང་མ།
THE COLLIDING PARTICLES MASS RATIO INFLUENCE ON PECULIARITIES OF LOW-ENERGY ION NEAR-SURFACE IMPLANTATION AT CHANNELING CONDITIONS
Authors: Umarov F.F. , Rasulov A.M. , Dzhurakhalov A.A.
Published: May 2021

In the present work the peculiarities of ion implantation and colliding particles mass ratio influence on the ranges, energy loss and profiles of distribution for 1−5 keV P+ ions channelling in Si(110) and SiC(110) at normal incidence, and 1 keV Be+ and Se+ ions in GaAs(100), as well as 5 keV Ar+ and Kr+ on Cu(001) surface at glancing incidence are carried out by computer simulation in binary collision approximation. It is shown that for paraxial part of a beam the main contribution to the total energy loss comes from inelastic ones. It has been established that the energy loss of ions transmitted through thin crystal and depth profile distributions depend on width of the channel and mass ratio of colliding atoms. It was shown that at grazing surface channeling conditions the main peak of the implanted depth distributions is considerably shallow, the range for Se+ ions is shallower and the half-width of profile for these ions is narrow than that for Be+ ions. The results allow one to select the optimum for implanted depth distributions with demanded shape at narrow near-surface area of crystals obtaining.
PSEUDOMORPHIC GeSiSn LAYERS IN STRAINED HETEROSTRUCTURES
Authors: Nikiforov A.I. , Timofeev V.A. , Yakimov A.I. , Mashanov V.I. , Loshkarev I.D. , Gutakovskii A.K. , Pchelyakov O.P. , Ashurov Kh.B.
Published: May 2021

The formation of pseudomorphous GeSiSn layers directly on Si have been investigated. The transition from two-dimensional growth regime to three-dimensional of the GeSiSn film on Si(100) was studied for different mismatch with silicon and growth temperatures. A possibility of synthesis of multilayer structures by molecular beam epitaxy was shown. The crystal lattice constants were determined using the high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffractometry. The p-i-n-diodes based on multilayer GeSiSn/Si structures were created which demonstrated the photoresponse increasing by several orders of magnitude in comparison the Sn-free structures at an increase in the Sn content. Nanostructures based on GeSiSn layers have demonstrated the photoluminescence at 0.6−0.85 eV.
АНАЛИЗ ФОТОМЕТРИЧЕСКИХ СВОЙСТВ ИЗБРАННЫХ ГРАВИТАЦИОННО-ЛИНЗИРОВАННЫХ СИСТЕМ. II. В1422+237
Authors: Ахунов Т.А.
Published: May 2021

Анализируются полученные нами данные долголетнего непрерывного мониторинга гравитационно-линзированной системы (ГЛС) В1422+237. Дано краткое описание фотометрического метода обработки изображений ГЛС, анализируются кривые блеска, обнаружено сильное микролинзирование, определены вероятные значения времени задержки.
ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ И АЗИМУТАЛЬНЫЕ КОРРЕЛЯЦИИ КУМУЛЯТИВНЫХ ПРОТОНОВ И ПИОНОВ С ЧАСТИЦАМИ СОПРОВОЖДЕНИЯ В АДРОН- И ЯДРО-ЯДЕРНЫХ СОУДАРЕНИЯХ ПРИ ВЫСОКИХ ЭНЕРГИЯХ
Authors: Юлдашев Б.С. , Лутпуллаев С.Л. , Oлимов K. , Бозоров Э.Х. , Каршиев Д.А. , Бозорова З.Х. , Абдиев Б.Ш. , Дустмурадов Э.Э. , Абдувалиев А.А. , Турдиев Б.Р. , Садуллаев Ж.О.
Published: May 2021

В данной работе представлены результаты исследований азимутальных корреляций при образовании кумулятивных протонов и пионов с частицами сопровождения в адрон- и ядро-ядерных соударениях.
ПРОЦЕСС ТЕХНИЧЕСКОГО НАМАГНИЧИВАНИЯ РЕДКОЗЕМЕЛЬНЫХ ФЕРРИТОВ–ГРАНАТОВ ВБЛИЗИ ТЕМПЕРАТУРЫ ТОЧКИ МАГНИТНОЙ КОМПЕНСАЦИИ
Authors: Шарипов М.З. , Хайитов Д.Э. , Эргашева Н.М.
Published: May 2021

Проведены экспериментальные исследования магнитооптической восприимчивости и петель магнитного гистерезиса эффекта Фарадея, сопровождающих процесс технического намагничивания феррита-граната Tb3Fe5O12, в температурной области вблизи точки магнитной компенсации этого ферримагнетика Tс = 249 K. Обнаружено, что в процессе технического намагничивания при приближении температуры к Tc скорость движения доменных границ растет, а магнитооптическая восприимчивость имеет локальные максимумы справа и слева от Tc. Выявленные явления магнитооптических свойств Tb3Fe5O12 связываются с резонансом собственной частоты колебаний доменных границ кристалла с частотой знакопеременного магнитного поля. Показано, что используемая теоретическая модель магнитного резонанса доменных границ позволяет непротиворечиво описать (на качественном уровне) выявленные закономерности изменения эффекта Фарадея в Tb3Fe5O12 вблизи Tс.
О СПОСОБЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ КИНЕТИКИ ВЗАИМОДЕЙСТВИЯ АТОМОВ С ПОВЕРХНОСТЬЮ
Authors: Раджабов А.Ш. , Халматов А.С.
Published: May 2021

В данной работе приведены результаты математического моделирования гетерогенных процессов, указывающие на применимость метода термодесорбционной поверхностно-ионизационной спектрометрии для определения кинетических характеристик термодесорбции частиц с поверхности нагретых твердых тел, а также теплоты испарения веществ.
FOCAL SPOT STRUCTURE OF FRESNEL LENS AND ITS HOMOGENIZATION
Authors: Sherniyozov A. , Payziyev Sh.
Published: May 2021

Using statistical Monte-Carlo photon-tracing method, we numerically studied focal spot structure of flat Fresnel lens. It has been shown that due to dispersion effect, focal spot structure changes considerably. In addition, we demonstrated homogenization of strongly focused photons. Rectangular prism can be applied to achieve the homogenization.
ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНОЕ ИЗУЧЕНИЕ ПЕРЕМАГНИЧИВАНИЯ В МОНОКРИСТАЛЛАХ ВТСП
Authors: Хамдамов Б.И. , Тайланов Н.А. , Нуритдинов И.
Published: May 2021

В данной работе изучена визуализация картины магнитного потока на поверхности и вокруг ВТСП с помощью магнитооптической методики высокого разрешения. В малых полях поток легко проникает в межгранульную среду, но слабо захватывается в ней. Большие магнитные поля проникают в гранулы и там сильно захватываются.
Capítulo 1. El mapa de los cibermedios en España
Authors: Salaverría Ramón , Martínez-Costa María del Pilar , Breiner James G. , Negredo Bruna Samuel , Negreira Rey María Cruz , Jimeno Miguel Ángel
Published: May 2021

Cumplido el primer cuarto de siglo de los medios periodísticos digitales, o cibermedios, no es posible dar cuenta del periodismo español sin reconocer su consolidación. La exploración cuantitativa, como medios nativos digitales o como publicaciones derivadas de otros medios, permiten delimitar una cartografía geográficamente heterogénea, en la que predomina la distribución multiplataforma y los cibermedios locales, generalistas y privados, que buscan adaptarse a las condiciones de un nuevo mercado.

Palabras clave: Periodismo digital, ciberperiodismo, distribución de medios multiplataforma, mercado digital de medios
Capítulo 6. El «salto adelante» de las narrativas digitales en la segunda década del siglo XXI
Authors: López-García Xosé , Vázquez-Herrero Jorge , Pérez-Seijo Sara , Melle-Goyanes María
Published: May 2021

Las narrativas digitales han experimentado un gran cambio desde el inicio de la segunda década del siglo XXI. La exploración de renovados territorios de la mano de tecnologías actuales se ha convertido en algo habitual. En estos años han emergido renovadas modalidades de narrativas multimedia y se ha sedimentado una gran variedad de formatos.

Palabras clave: Periodismo digital, narrativas digitales, modalidades expresivas, nuevos formatos.
Capítulo 7. Periodismo transmedia e innovación. Propuestas narrativas de referencia
Authors: Costa-Sánchez Carmen , Silva-Rodríguez Alba , Vázquez-Herrero Jorge , Negreira-Rey María-Cruz
Published: May 2021

El periodismo transmedia es un paradigma amplio, en evolución y que permite fórmulas diversas de implementación. Las principales cabeceras periodísticas muestran diferentes grados de innovación transmedia. En este capítulo se recogen y analizan algunas de las principales apuestas por un nuevo periodismo.

Palabras clave: Periodismo digital, periodismo transmedia, innovación periodística, ciberperiodismo.
BIOBANKS. ASSOCIATED RISKS AND BENEFITS
Authors: Barcan Edmond , Artene Stefan-Alexandru , Dricu Anica
Published: May 2021

Biobanks are repositories of human organic material, that have an important role in the clinic. The World Health Organization (WHO) and the Global Health Ethics Unit have a great contribution considering the ideology of a well-functioning biobank. At the European Union, the functioning of biobanks is strictly regulated and research is being sustained by programs financed at a community level. The administration of biobanks brings both advantages and risks socially. To prevent these, international standards have been implemented for biobanks. In the research domain but also in the public health domain, an analysis in accordance with the legal framework must be considered in order to preserve the well-functioning of biobanks.
ORAL CANCER BIOCHEMICAL RESEARCH: CURRENT STATUS AND EMERGING FRONTIERS
Authors: Radulescu Radu , Totan Alexandra , Miricescu Daniela , Greabu Maria
Published: May 2021

Cancer represents one of the leading causes or mortality worldwide, oral cancer accounting for almost 9% of deaths, early diagnosis playing a crucial role. Salivary biomarkers analysis is proving to be an alternative diagnosis method. Oral cancer biomarkers can be compounds that play role in every aspect of malignancy from triggering factors to markers of progression, inflammation or invasiveness. There are numerous genomic markers, ranging from well known ones such as p16, p21, p27 and p53 genes, cyclin D1, EGFR gene (epidermal growth factor receptor), C-kit gene (KIT proto-oncogene, receptor tyrosine kinase), bcl-6(B-cell lymphoma 6 protein gene) to least studied ones such as OXSR1(oxidative stress-responsive kinase-1gene). Proteomic markers range from inflammatory factors such as interleukins IL-8 and Il-6, transcription factors such as FOXO3 (forkhead box O3) protein and S100B protein, matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) involved in extracellular matrix degradation and their inhibitors (TIMP - tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases), specific proliferation markers such as Ki-67 protein and many more. Developing saliva based oral cancer screening and prognosis tests may lead to better treatment options.
Effects of Oral Supplementation of TrichovitalsTM on Human Skin, Hair and Nail Physiology
Authors: Marimuthu Chandramohan , Murugan Jayaganesh , Ravichandran Srisunmathi , Sukumar Sruthi
Published: May 2021

In this study, Microcore’s oral supplements of TrichovitalsTM contains Collagen type (I,III,V,X), elastin, ellagic acid, Sabbery b glucogallin, Biotin, Curcumin C3 reduct ODN and Murraya koenigii. ESM ingestion is associated with significant impact on hair thickness, reduction in hair breakage and improvement in hair growth. This study leads to evaluate the impacts of a nutritional intervention as compared to control group (without oral supplements intake) on the appearances of hair, skin, and nails in healthy middle-aged adults. Two pilot studies were run to assess TrichovitalsTM on skin parameter. 1. Self-assessment questionnaire intended to perform an assessment on skin, hair, and nail health after 12 weeks of treatment for a group of 25 female volunteers 2. Evaluated the efficacy of TrichovitalsTM effect of 5-week treatment on hydration of skin by corneometry, on elasticity with the cutometer, and on pigmentation with themexameteron for a group of 7 female volunteers, Microscopic studies of hair strength and nail growth. In study 1-Participants were predominantly satisfied with the effects obtained on general face (100% volunteers satisfied) and (94% volunteers satisfied) body skin condition and skin properties (100% volunteers satisfied) with facial skin softness, 95% ith facial skin hydration, 63% of facial skin brightness and 89% with body skin hydration and significant effects on hair damages (100% volunteers satisfied), hair falls (95% volunteers satisfied) and hair growth (96% volunteers satisfied) and nail appearance (80% volunteers satisfied) and improvement in brittle nails. In this open-label 5 weeks study, Oral Microcore’s TrichovitalsTM ingestion was associated with a significant improvement in skin appearance such as increase skin hydration and skin elasticity, reduces skin pigmentation after 5 weeks treatment and facial skin tone, with significant impact on hair thickness, reduces split ends, hair loss, hair breakage and improvement in hair growth after 5 weeks treatment, increase of 80% nail growth rate and a decrease of 42% brittle nails after 6 weeks. Microcore’s TrichovitalsTM achieved significant change improvement in skin, hair and nail appearance (thickness/density) than control group (without oral supplements intake) by week 12 of the study. From the result analysis, Microcore’s TrichovitalsTM is deemed to be one of the most effective anti-aging products in cosmetic sector and overall physical appearance. Oral supplementation of 500mg/day of Microcore’s TrichovitalsTM for 12 weeks is associated with significant improvement in the appearance of facial skin, hair and nail. Increases in skin hydration and skin elasticity with reduced pigmentation on skin were observed after 5 weeks treatment, which is a very important marker for skin aging. Also significant impact on hair thickness reduces split ends, hair loss, hair breakage and improvement in hair growth and healthy development of nails after 5 weeks treatment.
“O poder supremo do Caboclo Cubatão:” cultura visual religiosa afrobrasileira e repressão policial no Rio de Janeiro em 1918
Authors:   Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Valle Arthur
Published: May 2021

Discutimos a cultura visual religiosa afrobrasileira no começo do séc XX a partir de evidências fornecidas por unia batida policial realizada em 1918 em um centro religioso localizado no bairro de Inhaúma, Rio de Janeiro. Essa batida foi registrada pelos jornais de época e em um processo criminal, hoje preservado no Arquivo Nacional do Rio de Janeiro. Analisando essas fontes, é possível conhecer melhor não só a visualidade ligada às religiões afrobrasileiras, mas também a violência que então sobre estas se abatia e que até hoje se perpetua no Brasil.
Study of Infectious Diarrheas in Transylvania-Romania
Authors: Deac Liana Monica
Published: May 2021

“Diarrhea” is an alteration in a normal bowel movement characterized by an increase in the water content, volume or frequency of stools. Acute diarrhea of infectious etiology often referred to as gastroenteritis and is typically associated with clinical signs and symptoms including nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and cramps, bloating, flatulence, fever, the passage of bloody stools, tenesmus, and fecal urgency. Infectious diarrheal diseases are the second leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. It is diarrhea we have also found out during a large 3 years study 2017-2020 in TransylvaniaRomania. 3577 number of cases were transmitted during this time by the 12 territory sanitary policies to the Epidemiology Department from the Public Health Center Cluj. Those were mostly diagnosed by the territorial family doctors in the region and more than 20%, needed hospitalization for several days because of the mentioned disease disorders 3 children died during this time because of severe complications. The detected infectious microbial etiology were determined in authorized laboratories in which it was identified as Shigella spp., Salmonella spp., Campylobacter spp. and Yersinia spp. or Rotavirus Giardia and Fungi species. Most numbers of cases appeared in children, followed by elderly or adult people, as quantified number of determination. In light of these data, acute diarrheal illness had to be considered a major public health issue against which control efforts are needed. Public health surveillance and response in the field of infectious acute diarrhea include obligatory strategies of infection control.
Simulasi Dampak Rencana Penerapan Skema Ganjil Genap di Kota Bekasi
Authors: Putri Ari Ananda , Tama Yuanda Patria , Suryandari Mega
Published: May 2021

Bermula dengan keberhasilan penerapan kebijakan sistem ganjil genap yang dilakukan oleh Dinas Perhubungan DKI Jakarta yang kemudian dilakukan perpanjangan waktu pelaksanaannya guna menyukseskan pelaksanaan Asian Games 2018. Tujuan Pemerintah saat itu guna mempersingkat waktu tempuh keberangkatan para atlet menuju lokasi pertandingan menjadi 30 menit sesuai dengan standar internasional. Ternyata pengaruh kebijakan tersebut juga dirasakan warga ibukota, dimana waktu perjalanan mereka menjadi relatif lebih singkat. Dampak positif dari sistem ini, membuat peneliti ingin melakukan uji coba di kota lain, yaitu Kota Bekasi, dikarenakan kemacetan di kota ini mengalami peningkatan yang signifikan setiap tahunnya. Metode analisis yang dilakukan menggunakan bantuan aplikasi Software Visum 15.0 untuk melihat perubahan kinerja lalu lintas jaringan jalan terkait kecepatan rata-rata, waktu tempuh rata-rata, volume lalu lintas, tingkat pelayanan jalan, dan emisi gas buang kendaraan di beberapa titik kemacetan di Kota Bekasi. Simulasi penerapan skema ganjil genap di Kota Bekasi terbukti mampu mengurangi jumlah volume lalu lintas pada ruas jalan uji coba, dimana rata-rata kecepatan mengalami peningkatan 2x lipat, dan rata-rata waktu tempuh perjalanan mengalami penurunan sekitar 55% dibandingkan dengan kondisi sebelum dilakukannya simulasi skema dimaksud. Namun disisi lain, ruas jalan lain pada saat kebijakan ini belum disimulasikan, menjadi lebih buruk dalam segi tingkat pelayanannya. Selain itu penurunan jumlah volume lalu lintas, secara tidak langsung juga mengurangi emisi gas buang kendaraan yang berdampak positif bagi kesehatan masyarakat. Emisi dari kendaraan mobil menurun sebanyak 5% namun disisi lain terjadi peningkatan emisi bagi kendaraan sepeda motor sebanyak 5%. Hal ini disebabkan para pengguna kendaraan mobil pribadi cenderung merubah moda transportasi mereka menjadi sepeda motor maupun transportasi online dan merubah rute perjalanan mereka sebagai dampak dari simulasi penerapan kebijakan tersebut.