bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Importance and Challenges of School Feeding: Literature Review
Authors: Souza Mayra Telles , Teixeira Paula Raimunda Araújo , Sanches Jamilly Monteiro , Carneiro Salatiel da Conceição Luz , Cunha Samantha Cecília Vera Cruz da , Costa Madson Matheus Garcia , Martins Luís Henriques , oliveira Gabrielle Silva de , Ribeiro Adadely Françoise Maria Moura , Ohaze Kaory Brito , Alves Layla Sandia Cezário , Pereira Izabella Syane Oliveira , da Silva Luísa Margareth Carneiro , Silva Vânia Maria Barboza da
Published: June 2022

To select in the literature the importance and challenges of food for the development and potential of the individual related to growth, promotion, and health. Method: This is an Integrative Literature Review and 188 articles were selected for analysis. After applying the defined inclusion and exclusion criteria, 15 studies were included in the research. The studies showed that dealing with the subject is essential, allowing children and adolescents access to healthy and quality food, guaranteeing their right to food as provided for in the Statute of Children and Adolescents. Most studies concluded that several schools do not offer adequate food to their users, despite the importance of this practice being evidenced by the works. Therefore, implementing and implementing the guidelines that the National School Feeding Program legislation offers is essential to change this scenario in the school context.
Cost of Climate change Hazards on Livelihood Capitals of Farmers in Coastal Communities of Delta State of Nigeria
Authors: Paul Adjekota Owhofasa , Okoh Rosemary Ngozi
Published: June 2022

Climate change comes with hazards that impose cost on livelihood capitals that are very important to agriculture in particular and the economy in general. This study was aimed at eliciting evidence of Climate change and it’s associated hazards and estimating monetary cost of the hazards on livelihood capitals with a view to making recommendations that will minimise the cost on livelihood capitals of farmers in coastal communities of Delta State of Nigeria. The study area which is found within the Niger Delta region of Nigeria that is ecologically characterised by rivers, tributries, wet lands, mangrove swamps and a rich collection of aquatic and terrestrial floral and fauna, is also the concentration of petroleum exploration and production in Nigeria. Random sampling procedure was used to select 240 respondents from 8 communities that were purposely selected for the study.Cost was estimated by Willingness to Pay (WTP) and it's determinants analysed with regression model. Findings revealed that the people perceive climate change in terms of unusual changes in frequency and intensity of climate variables and the hazards associated with these changes are coastal erosion, flood, extreme heat and “wind and rain storm”. Climate change through the hazards was estimated to cost the average respondent 49,440 Nigerian naira or 123.60 US dollars (in livelihood capitals all of which are important to agriculture and the economy. Coastal erosion, flood, wind/rain storm and extreme heat were positively related to cost while literacy level, adaptation and number of income generating activities were negatively related to cost. Capacity building for improving existing adaptation strategies, literacy improvement, direct intervention projects and insurance were recommended as measures for minimising the cost of climate change on livelihood capitals of farmers in Coastal communities of Delta State of Nigeria.
Liberal Humanism in Galsworthy’s Plays the silver Box, Strife, The Skin Game and Justice
Authors: Dr. A. Arun Daves Dr. A. Arun Daves
Published: June 2022

John Galsworthy is a British writer focused on composition with reformist enthusiasm. His plays are known as 'Tragi-Comedy' examining his contemporary social issues and expecting potential arrangements from his crowd. His social cognizance and fighting demeanour towards the wrongs winning in his time has made him a craftsman with significant mankind and his basic disposition towards bigotry, obliviousness, deception, oppression, strange notion, and the remainder of the social variations in his plays affirm his stand as an ethical craftsman with humanistic worries.Hence, this paper endeavours to follow the humanistic worries in Galsworthy's emotional works. His assault is coordinated on the visual deficiency of the legal framework, racial bias and prideful bias, hallucination and various indecencies that plague the indispensable of our life. His objective viewpoint and unprejudiced treatment of the issue provide us with the undistorted standpoint of the basic shortcoming imbued in the general set of laws. The plays TheSilver Box, Strife, The Skin Game and Justice are analysed based on humanism to bring Galsworthy’s concern towards humanism. This paper centres around his humanistic conviction that man is intrinsically great yet the social foundations have frequently exploited man and prevented his endurance and progress.
Automatic Speed Breaker
Authors: Yadav Poonam , Kamble Akshay , Yadav Prashant
Published: June 2022

Abstract: Safety is a necessary part of man’s life. Due to the accident cases reported daily on the major roads in all parts of the developed and developing countries, more attention is needed for research in the designing an efficient car driving aiding system. It is expected that if such a device is designed and incorporated into our cars as a road safety device, it will reduce the incidence of accidents on our roads and various premises, with subsction in loss of life and property. When itequent redu comes to the use of a motor vehicle, accidents that have occurred over the years tell us that something needs to be done about them from an engineering point of view. Now it is suffice to say that the implementation of certain highway safety means such as speed restrictions, among others, alone has done a lot in reducing the rates of these accidents. Many motorists have had to travel through areas with little light under much fatigue, yet compelled to undertake the journey out of necessity. It is therefore imperative to consider the advantages of an early warning system where the driver is alerted of a possible collision with some considerable amount of time before it occurs. Key Words: Smart Speed Breaker, R. Keywords: Smart Speed Breaker, IR Sensor, Servo Motor, AVR ATmega328, Arduino.
Self-Healing Concrete Test Method and Experimental Procedure Conducted on Grout Specimens
Authors: Prince Mizumi Lwala , Zhuye Huang , Yong Feng
Published: June 2022

Abstract: The concept of self-healing concrete emanated from one of the most prestigious biological properties which is to naturally proceed healing performance when any damage appears and regenerating the functions. Thus, by relating that mechanism in engineering with the common phenomenon of crack formation, this concept has been studied and evaluated over the past years where Self-healing concrete was defined as the ability of cementitious composites to reduce or completely heal a crack width autogenously or autonomously upon damage. Therefore, test method and experimental procedure are conducted to ensure the efficiency of the mechanical properties and performances of the concrete, and also to help in a case of a research work or project; gathering some necessary information or data to apply adequately on a proposed hypothesis or work because the success of experimental research usually confirms that the change observed in the variable under study is solely based on the manipulation of the independent variable. In this paper, the emphasis is highlighted on test method and experimental procedure of self-healing concrete conducted on grout (W), commercial grout with 10% expansion agent (CCSA) and research grout with addition of expansion agent (WCSA) to evaluate its mechanical properties and performances. Keywords: Self-healing, autogenous, autonomous, grout test method.
Galvanized Tank Protecting Insulator
Authors: Shelke K. S. , Bidkar Rhytham S. , Bhongade Milind A. , Agrawal Sahil P. , Tumane Aman S. , Ghode Madhusudan M.
Published: June 2022

Abstract: We have experimentally studied the conditions required for stripping Zn in a sulfuric acid solution from industrial galvanized steel products, removing impurities from this solution, and recovering Zn. The results show that sulfuric acid up to pH 0.2 can be used to completely remove Zn from used galvanized steel products. Repeated stripping produces a solution containing more than 8085 g / l of Zn and 0.2 g / l of Fe, and ZnSO4 can be recovered from the solution by adding a volatile liquid (ethyl alcohol). The precipitated Zn compound is ZnSO4.H2O. This compound contains 36.4% Zn and 0.002% and is a raw material of sufficient purity for commercial use. The ethyl alcohol used to recover ZnSO4.H2O from the concentrated strip solution is recovered with 90% efficiency by distillation at 78 ° C for 20 minutes. Optimized through experimentation, this process enables the production of products for sale and does not cause environmental problems
Comparison of Different Cloud Providers
Authors: Bhatte Nishant , Prajapati Vivek , Varia Shreekunj , More Jyotsna
Published: June 2022

Abstract: It is a better alternative for enterprises and ordinary people to use cloud service providers' services (IaaS, PaaS, SaaS, DaaS, and so on) and pay as you go. There are already a huge number of service providers on the market, and finding a good supplier for long-term needs is tough owing to the range of features and services. Amazon, Microsoft, and Google are the top three providers in terms of market share. The goal of this article is to introduce cloud consumers to the most prominent Cloud Service Providers (CSPs). We also compare and contrast these CSPs based on a variety of parameters linked to the services they supply. Before moving their business to the cloud, the analysis described in this article can assist people and companies in making key judgments on the benefits and costs of cloud technology. Keywords: Amazon, AWS, Google Cloud Platform, Microsoft Azure, GCP, CSP’s, Cloud Service Providers.
Comparative Study of Al 7075 Sic 5%, 10% Metal Matrix in WEDM
Authors: Khan M A Salman
Published: June 2022

Abstract: Aluminium matrix composites have a huge demand in automobile and aerospace industries due to their exceptional properties like specific strength, stiffness and good hardness. Silicon carbide has high strength , high density which is used in ceramics, MMC. Aluminium 7075 alloy with silicon carbide metal matrix is formed which is used because it has high wear resistance and creep resistance property. In this project the strength of metal matrix with compositions of 5% and 10% of silicon carbide is studied. Using WEDM the machinability of Al SiC is studied and the process parameters of WEDM is optimized. Keywords: Aluminium 7075, Silicon Carbide, WEDM, Optimization
Biosynthesis, Characterisation and Thermal study of Graphine Oxide-TiO2 nanocomposite using Ocimum tenuflorum leaf extract
Authors: Patil Manjunath , Lagashetty Arunkumar
Published: June 2022

Abstract: Blend of nanomaterials and its composite utilizing plant based item incorporates the manufactured innovation and subsequently different properties and applications. The principal a piece of the work is to combine naomaterials utilizing ocimum tenuflorum plant extricate for organic decrease response in ecofriendly framework. At first graphine oxide (GO) is arranged chemicaly and TiO2 adjusted GO nanocomposite (TiO2-GO NC) was ready by bioreduction utilizing ocimum tenuflorum plant remove. The construction of as pre-arranged examples very much was portrayed utilizing X-beam diffraction (XRD) apparatus. Examining Electron Micrograph (SEM) apparatus is utilized to concentrate on the morphology of the example. Metallic perception in the example was researched by EDAX design. Shifted holding nature of the bioderived nanocomposite is concentrated on by Fourier change infrared (FT-IR) instrumentation. Warm and electrical investigations of the examples are likewise under taken to know the warm electrical way of behaving. UV absorbance investigation of the said test is additionally attempted. Keywords: Graphine Oxide, Ocimum Tenuflorum, XRD, SEM, FTIR, UV-Vis.
Design of Solar Panel as Wind Turbine Blades
Authors: Kamble Saurabh J. , Tale Prof. Dr. V. T.
Published: June 2022

Abstract: The purpose of this system is to generate the green energy by using wind and solar technology. In conventional wind turbines friction losses due to bearings are more which affect the performance of the turbine. To reduce this friction loss we implement the concept of magnetic levitation in our project. We fabricate Hybrid wind Turbine which produces electricity on the principle of faradays law produced can be Stored of electromagnetic induction as well as solar technology. The electricity can be stored continuously for whole day. Keywords: Hybridized Power Generation, PV cells, Renewable energy systems.
Financial Management of Microfinance Companies in India
Authors: Kauser Zeenat , Zubairi Dr. M. N.
Published: June 2022

Abstract: History of microfinance can be traced back to the middle of 1800s when the theorist Lysander Spooner was writing of about benefits of small credits to entrepreneurs. It is the source of financial services to small scale business lacking access to banking and related services. Microfinance refers to a variety of financial services that target low-income clients particularly women since the clients of microfinance companies (MFCs) have lower incomes and often have limited access to other financial services, microfinance products tend to be for smaller monetary amount than traditional financial services. These services include loans, savings, insurance and remittance. Microfinance loans are given for variety of purposes frequently for microenterprise development. This also reflects in diversity of products and services offered. Because of varied needs and because of the industry’s focus on the poor, microfinance often use nontraditional methodologies such as group lending or other forms of collateral securities not employed by the formal financial sector. Keywords: Microfinance, Financial Management, JLG, SHGs.
A Survey on Generating Load Balancing Algorithm for Cloud Computing
Authors: Kaur Gagandeep
Published: June 2022

Abstract: The elaboration of IT led Cloud calculating technology crop as a new prototype in furnishing the services to its druggies on rented base at any time or place. Considering the inflexibility of cloud services, innumerous associations switched their businesses to the cloud technology by setting up more data centers. Nonetheless, it has come obligatory to give profitable prosecution of tasks and applicable resource application. A many approaches were outlined in literature to enhance performance, job scheduling, storehouse coffers, QoS and cargo distribution. Cargo balancing conception permits data centers to fore stall over-loading or under- lading in virtual machines that as similar is an issue in cloud computing sphere. Accordingly, it bear the experimenters to layout and apply a proper cargo balancer for cloud terrain. The separate study represents a view of problems and pitfalls faced by the current cargo balancing ways and make the experimenters find more effective algorithms. cargo unbalancing problem is a multi-variant, multi-constraint problem that degrades performance and effectiveness of computing coffers. cargo balancing ways feed the result for cargo unbalancing situation for two undesirable angles- overfilling and under- lading. In disdain of the significance of cargo balancing ways to the stylish of our knowledge, there's no comprehensive, expansive, methodical and hierarchical bracket about the being cargo balancing ways. Further, the factors that beget cargo unbalancing problem are neither studied nor considered in the literature. Keywords: Cloud computing, Taxonomy, Classification, Cloud service consumer, Cloud service provider, Quality of Service, Load unbalancing, Load balancing.
Corrosion Inhibition of 70-30 Brass Corrosion by Benzotriazole in Nitric Acid Solution
Authors: Singh Dr. Abhay
Published: June 2022

Abstract: Benzotriazole has been investigated to control the corrosion of 70/30 brass in 3.0 N nitric acid solution using weight loss measurement and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) analysis. The measurements showed increase in inhibition efficiency with increase in the concentration of the Inhibitor but decreases with the increase in temperature. Scanning Electron Micrographs reveal the changes in the metal surface morphology in the presence of benzotriazole. Micrographs indicated that the metal surface was in a better condition in the presence of the inhibitor than the specimen exposed in the absence of the inhibitor. Keywords: Benzotriazole, 70/30 Brass, SEM, Corrosion, Inhibitor
Quality Inspection of Dengue kits using YOLOv4 architecture
Authors: Sharma Akshat , Sharma Kaushik , Shetty Ashita , Shinde Shubham
Published: June 2022

Abstract: With the increasing advancements in Artificial Intelligence and its varied applications across multiple domains, the manufacturing industry is not left behind. Manufacturing and Production require a lot of labour force to ensure good quality end results. While this may be a necessity in the rudimentary stages of development, there is a way to cut down on this while checking the quality of the end product. This project aims at using the power of Artificial Intelligence, specifically Computer vision to create a quality inspecting tool that entails localizing and predicting the required objects in the image of the Dengue kit. This project highlights the entire process including simulation, design of conveyor belt and displays the final process of how both combined can help catalyse quality inspection by subtracting the manual crunch. Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, Inspection, Computer vision, Industry 4.0 Revolution, Object Detection, Yolov4
Analysis of Prudential Life Insurance Customer Evaluator
Authors: Mitra Soham , Banerjee Soumya
Published: June 2022

Abstract: Life Insurance is one the most important part in today’s world. And with many varieties of insurance policies, the objective is to provide the most suitable policy which is beneficial to both the customer and the insurance company. This is generally done by the insurance agents based on their domain knowledge. But our goal here is to do it using a statistical solution. One method is to use Customer Scoring based on information provided by them when filling their insurance application form. Based on this score they are provided a set of insurance policies to select from. For this we tried building regression models (Linear and Multinomial Logistic) based on the customer information and scores we already have. These scores were provided based on the policy they already have. Different models based on different variable combinations were compared using Stepwise AIC Method for both regression models. The final model has an accuracy of 44% which can of course further be improved. This kind of statistical modelling will be useful in filtering the large number of policies to select from. After which the customer or agent may select from the smaller number of choices suitable for them. This will make the job of the agents as well as the customer much easier. Keywords: Life Insurance, Customer Scoring, Statistical Solution, Logistic Regression, Multinomial Logistic Regression, Stepwise AIC Method
Skin Cancer Detection with the Aid of Deep Learning
Authors: H R Badarinath , G Darshan , K L Pramod , R Prasanna , Manjesh Prof.
Published: June 2022

Abstract: Skin cancer is now regarded as one of the most dangerous types of cancer seen in humans. Clinical screening is followed by dermoscopic analysis and histological testing in the diagnosis of melanoma. Melanoma is a type of skin cancer that is highly treatable if caught early. Effective segmentation of skin lesions in dermoscopy pictures can increase skin disease categorization accuracy, giving dermatologists a powerful tool for studying pigmented skin lesions. The goal of the research is to create an automated classification system for skin cancer utilising photos of skin lesions that is based on image processing techniques. Deep Learning models embed different neural networks, such as Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), which are well-known for capturing spatial and temporal correlations. with the use of appropriate filters in an image Individual transformational aspects that are limited by the data augmentation procedure derive useful and particular data for training the algorithm to make attractive predictions. Index Terms: Convolution Neural Network(CNN), Melanoma, Feature Extraction, ABCD of Skin Cancer
Determining the COVID19 Live Stats using an Android Application
Authors: Pradeep Bhuvanagiri V K Sai
Published: June 2022

Abstract: As we know that coronavirus has caused a catastrophe around the world. This epidemic has already afflicted over 200 countries, and people have no clue about the end of this tragic situation. Although vaccines and other medications are available, yet everyone must be more conscious about their health and must follow the government instructions in order to stay safe. Moreover, there is a necessity for people to know the live stats about the spread of COVID19. Thus, we created an Android application in Android Studio IDE where we the concept of RESTAPI and Retrofit library to display all the COVID19 data across the globe fetched through Worldometer, by which every user will be able to know the information regarding the COVID19 stats and stay updated and safe. The application always require Internet Permission since it fetches from the server which is enabled through AndroidManifest. Keywords: Android Studio IDE, RESTAPI, Retrofit Library, Worldometer, AndroidManifest
Utilization of Waste Plastic in Flexible Pavement
Authors: Barmade Prof. S. S. , Jarman Mustafa , Raut R. L. , Sonawane S. N.
Published: June 2022

Abstract: There are many changes taking place in this new century, yet new materials and processes are not being developed as quickly. Some people utilise a partial replacement of bitumen and tar, which produces acceptable results. However, subsequent research reveal that none of those materials possess all of the needed qualities. During this time, investigators focus on recycling materials such as rubber and plastic. They discovered that both materials produce acceptable outcomes. On the other hand, the use of plastic (polyethylene bags, pet bottles, polystyrene, and other plastic products) is increasing every day, resulting in a significant amount of pollution from plastic trash. In the soil, this plastic material takes hundreds of years to disintegrate. Keywords: plastic, bitumen, Road
KEPASTIAN HUKUM PENGHAPUSAN OBJEK JAMINAN FIDUSIA SECARA ELEKTRONIK
Authors: PARIS ALFITRA DIVA
Published: June 2022

Tujuan pendaftaran fidusia secara onlline adalah untuk memberikan hak mendahului (preferen) kepada kreditur terhadap pihak lain. Setiap pendaftaran jaminan fidusia harus diakhiri dengan penghapusan jaminan fidusia.Penghapusan sertifikat sangat penting untuk mengembalikan hak debitur sepenuhnya terhadap objek jaminan dan bisa mengajukanfidusia  ulang objek jaminannya. Penghapusan sertifikat jika tidak diajukan oleh penerima fidusia, maka menimbulkan persoalan dan tidak memberikan kepastian hukum buat pemberi fiduasia. Akibat hukum tidak dihapusnya sertifikat atas objek jaminan dari daftar tentang Tata Cara Pendaftaran Jaminan Fidusia dan Biaya Pembuatan Akta Jaminan Fidusia, jaminan fidusia yang bersangkutan tidak dapat didaftarkan kembali, ini kerugian buat pemberi fiduasia.UUJF dan peraturan pelaksana lainya tidak menjelaskan sanksi kepada penerima fidusia, kuasa atau wakilnya jika tidak memenuhi kewajiban memberitahu penghapusan jaminan fidusia tersebut. Metodologi penelitian yang digunakan adalah yuridis dengan jenis penelitian normatif. Pendekatan yang digunakan untuk menganalisa permasalahan dalam penelitian ini meliputi pendekatan undang- undang (statute approach) dan pendekatan konseptual (conceptual approach).
 
Kata Kunci: Jaminan Fidusia, Fidusia Elektronik, Penghapusan Fidusia.
Keabsahan Force Majeure Dalam Perjanjian Di Masa Era Pandemi Covid -19
Authors: Lina Habibah Irma
Published: June 2022

Perjanjian merupakan suatu kegiatan penyangga segala kegiatan bisnis, hal ini tidak bisa dipungkiri bahwa segala kegiatan manusia selalu berhubungan dengan kerjasama dan interaksi dengan manusia lainnya, sehingga perjanjian menjadi sangat penting perkembangannya serta menjadi tolak ukur dalam melakukan kegiatan perekonomin.  Pada umunya  ketentuan atau pengaturan  mengenai force majeure atau keadaan memaksa ada di dalam suatu perikatan atau perjanjian. Pengaturan mengenai force majeure terdapat di dalam Pasal 1244 KUHPerdata dan Pasal 1245 KUHPerdata, Pengaturan atas force majeure ini ada karena untuk melindungi debitur manakala dalam menjalankan kewajibannya kepada kreditur terjadi suatu kejadian yang berada di luar kuasa pihak yang bersangkutan. Keadaan memaksa atau force majeure dapat berupa gempa bumi, kebakaran, banjir, tanah longsor, perang, kudeta militer, embargo, epidemik, dan lain sebagainya. Di masa pandemi Covid-19 yang sedang melanda diseluruh dunia, tidak terkecuali di Indonesia berdampak bagi pelaku usaha atau kontrak bisnis. Penulisan ini membahas tentang keabsahan alasan force majeure di masa era Covid-19 yang menjadi berdebatan dikalangan pelaku usaha . Covid-19 dapat dijadikan alasan adanya force majeure untuk tidak terlaksananya suatu prestasi, namun apabila dalam perjanjian ditentukan lain bahwa pandemi tidak termasuk dalam keadaan kahar maka, pelaksanaan prestasi harus dilaksanakan meskipun sulit, dan juga harus tetap memperhatikan kebijakan yang berlaku.
Pelaksanaan Perjanjian Kredit Dengan Jaminan Fidusia Pada PT. Pegadaian (persero) Kantor Wilayah I Medan
Authors: Johannes M Simanjuntak Alexander
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The high demand of public for installment plans with fiduciary security has changed PT. Pegadaian (Persero), a state-owned enterprise which business was initially about auction launches a financing product i.e. KREASI (Installment Plans with Fiduciary System). However, in practice, the implementation of this product is different form Law No. 42/1999 on Fiduciary Security. This is the background of this research. This research is conducted to discover how the agreement of Installment Plans with Fiduciary System is implemented and executed in PT. Pegadaian (Persero) Regional Office 1 Medan and why it is implemented differently from what is regulated in Law on Fiduciary Security.This is a normative juridical research which uses secondary data consisting of primary, secondary and tertiary legal materials. This research is descriptive analytical. The instrument used to collect the data consist of library research and field research at the PT. Pegadaian (Persero), Regional Office 1 Medan.The research result demonstrate that fiduciary security in its execution is not registered in consensus way in which defaulted debtors are given an opportunity to sell their collateral by themselves (motorcycles or cars) and if they are not willing to have consensus, they can take legal way through a court. The implementation of Regulations of Directors of PT. Pegadaian Number 67/DIR.I/2016 dated September, 2016 on Technical Guidance to online KREASI contradicts the provisions stipulated in Law No. 42/1999 on Fiduciary Security because it differently implements Article 5 paragraph (1) and Article 11 paragraph (1), in which some installment plans which is implemented by using underhanded letter and by not registering it do not provide any legal certainty in its execution in case of debtors’ default (Article 15 and 29) and may harm state finance. It is suggested that regulation of Directors of PT. Pegadaian on Installment Plans with Fiduciary System be revised and fully adjusted to the Law No. 42/1999 on Fiduciary System and that small installment plans be implemented by using auction security.
 
Keywords: Credit Agreement, Fiduciary Security
Tanggung Jawab Pemegang Protokol Notaris Terhadap Akta Yang Batal Demi Hukum
Authors: Oktavia Dewi
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This study aims to, 1) find out and analyze the form of responsibility of the recipient of the Notary protocol to the deed declared null and void by law. 2) Legal protection for Notary protocol holders against deeds that are null and void by law. The formulation of the study's masalash are, 1) What is the form of the recipient of the Notary protocol's answer to the deed that was declared null and void. 2) Legal protection for Notary protocol holders against deeds that are null and void by law. This research is a normative legal research, which is conducted by examining legal materials, such as research on legal principles, as well as positive law in Indonesia. This study uses 3 (three) methods of approach in legal research, namely conceptual suppressors, legislative approaches and case approaches. The results of this study are the Notary who has accepted the protocol is responsible for maintaining the notary protocol that is transferred to him. and also authorized to issue Grosse Deed, Copy of Deed, or Deed Quotation, regarding the material on the deed made beforehand not the responsibility of Notary recipient of the protocol. Legal protection for the recipient of the protocol does not provide legal protection because in the Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 2 of 2014 concerning Amendments to Law Number 30 of 2004 concerning the Position of Notary Public has not been regulated.
 
Keywords: Responsibility, Notary Protocol, Deed.
Peralihan Hak Atas Tanah Yang Menjadi Objek Sengketa Dalam Perspektif Penegakan Hukum
Authors: Andari Pernia Deka Adeka
Published: June 2022

Dispute land cases in Indonesia in 2019 reached 30,817 cases, which was dominated by the typology of registration of conveyance of land rights. This shows that the reconstruction of the transfer of rights is not being perfectly understood by society, authority and others. The essence of this particular problem is in physical and juridical data on land rights which frequently shifts due to unqualified of deep land subject obligations in maintaining physical and juridical data its self. The purpose of this research is to figure out the legal consequences of rights conveyance to dispute lands and what are the prospects of law enforcement on future transfer of land rights disputes. The type of this research is juridical normative research which uses the statutory and conceptual approach method by using the theory of authority and law enforcement. The results show that the legal consequences of the transfer of rights over land that becomes the object of dispute, namely freehold and deed of transfer of land rights could be cancelled and declared null and void. This is because it is not fulfilled the subjective and objective requirements of the validity of an agreement and obligations land subject to safeguard physical data and juridical data which are an important part of a proof of ownership of land rights. Law enforcement perspective on the transfer of land rights disputes based on Government Regulation 24 of 1997 relies on the subject of land rights and deeds of stipulation of transfer of rights and other parties which are the basis for this transfer of rights to the land.
Keabsahan Jual Beli Atas Rumah Dengan Perjanjian Di Bawah Tangan yang Hendak Di Buatkan Akta Jual Beli Tanpa Adanya Pihak Penjual
Authors: Lidiyana Monica , Ismelina Farma Rahayu Mella
Published: June 2022

The sale and purchase of house rights is based on the provisions of Article 37 Paragraph 1 of Government Regulation Number 24 of 1997, which in essence, the transfer of land rights must be proven by a deed made by Land Titles Registrar, but some people who are still lay people often think that the sale and purchase of land It is enough to do it by using receipts in full, so that when you want to reverse the name register, of course the effort is hampered, because there is no the sale and purchase of land deed made by Land Titles Registrar, the obstacles also increase, when one of the parties, especially the seller, is unknown, so that the sale and purchase of land deed cannot be made, because making the sale and purchase of land deed must involve the seller and the buyer. This research was conducted using the Normative Juridical Law Research method, this research was conducted using secondary data, which is divided into primary, secondary and tertiary legal materials. What will be examined in this research is related to the validity of the sale and purchase of land which is only proven by the receipt, the validity of the sale and purchase deed of land made by Land Titles Registrar without the seller, and the implementation of the sale and purchase deed by the Land Deed Making Official on land without a seller in Decision Number 256 / PDT. G / 2019 / PN Ckr.
Kepastian Hukum Pengambilalihan Saham (Akuisisi) Perseroan Terbatas Tertutup Dengan Akta Jual Beli Saham
Authors: Feby Wulandari Lifia
Published: June 2022

The practice in the world of notary that uses the Deed of Sale and Purchase of Shares in the event of a stock acquisition is a legal issue that underlies the occurrence of this research. The sale and purchase of shares and the acquisition of shares in notarial practice which are often equated cause problems in practice, in line with the duties of the notary office in making deeds, this will lead to multiple interpretations in making the Notary deed. There is no specific regulation that underlies this, so there needs to be a discussion about what the position of the legal issue is. The research method uses a normative juridical research type, with a statutory approach, a case approach, a historical approach, and a conceptual approach. The results of this research are: regarding the use of the Deed of Sale and Purchase of Shares, it can be done as long as there is no change in control, but if in practice the sale and purchase of shares results in a transfer of control, it should be carried out through procedures, terms and procedures for takeover of shares (acquisition). The legal position is closely related to the role of the notary in making deeds, which must always minimize the existence of the deed from any problems in the future. Legal certainty of share takeover (acquisition) of a Limited Liability Company with a Share Sale and Purchase Deed, where the sale and purchase of shares does not result in a change in controlling of shares, the use of the sale and purchase deed provides certainty for the parties therein, but if the sale and purchase of shares results in the occurrence of changes in share controllers, then the sale and purchase deed does not provide legal certainty for the parties in it, it should be done in accordance with the procedures and mechanisms governing share acquisition.
Analisis Yuridis Pembubaran Perseroan Terbatas (PT) Yang Tidak Beroperasi
Authors: Patricia Yosephin Priscila
Published: June 2022

Dissolution of a limited liability company consists of some methods pursuant to Article 142 of Law No. 40/2007 On Limited Liability Companies, one of which is by a court ruling. According to explanation of Article 146 of the Law on Limited Liability Companies, dissolution of a limited liability company with an excuse that it no longer operates has to be proved with a letter submitted to tax agency. However, the law does not mention who is authorized to submit the letter to tax agency. This research analyses the position of directors and stockholders in the process of dissolution of a limited liability company that no longer operates, the consideration and ruling handed down by the judge in the Verdict of the Supreme Court Number 1618 K/PDT/2016 and the Verdict of the Constitutional Court No. 63/PUU-XVI/2018 concerning legal certainty of position of director and stockholders related to the process of dissolution of a limited liability company that no longer operates, and the legal protection for stockholders in case the director fail to perform their duties and report to related institutions in the process of dissolution of a limited liability company.
This research employs normative juridical method and is juridical analytical. The data are collected through library research conducted by document study. The data analysed qualitatively and the conclusion is drawn deductively.
The juridical analysis demonstrate that concerning the dissolution of a limited liability company that no longer operates in the Verdict Number 1618 K/PDT/2016, the Panel of Judges state that the director is rightful to submit a letter related tax agency regarding that the limited liability company no longer operates. In relation with the explanation of article 146 paragraph 1 letter C o the Law on Limited Liability Companies in the Verdict No. 63/PUU-XVI/2018, the Panel of Judges state that the explanation is not unconstitutional an has provuded adequate explanation that although director is not mentioned as the organ of a limited liability company that shall submit the letter to tax agency concerning its non-operating company, it has to be clearly understood that the Law on Limited Liability Companies delegate the responsibility of organization of the company only to the director. With this anlysis, it is suggested that more assertive and clear regulations be made in order to prevent various interpretations patricularly in understanding the explanation of the Law No. 40/2007 on Limited Liability Companies.
Analisis Yuridis Terhadap Perbuatan Notaris Yang Tidak Membacakan Akta (Studi Kasus Putusan Mpwn Sumatera Utara Nomor 7 /MPWN.Provinsi Sumatera Utara/X/2016)
Authors: Syamsi Notarianul
Published: June 2022

This is a descriptive research employed normative jurisdiction research type using primary and secondary data obtained from field research. The results of this research demonstrated that the impact of Notary who did not read out the deed created a gradated deed into Privately Made Deed and caused detriments to the parties. Notary had violated article 16. paragraph 1 letter MUUJN (Rules of Notary Profession). It was responsibility of a Notary that a non-read out deed causing compensation that can be requested by the appearer to the Notary in accordance with article 44. paragraph 5 UUJN (Rules of Notary Profession). Protection against violation of reading out this deed has been stated in the Decree of MPWN (Region Supervisory Council of Notary) North Sumatera Number 7 / MPWN Provinsi Sumatera Utara / X / 2016. The conclusion demonstrated that the Notary caused detriments to the appearers due to a non-read out deed to the appearers. What Notary did by not reading out deed violated the obligation. What the Notary did not do violated the article 16, paragraph 1 letter M. It was recommended that a Notary should be more thorough in carrying out the obligations and authorities given to them.
Abstrak
Hasil dari penelitian diperoleh bahwa dampak dari notaris tidak membacakan akta mengakibatkan akta terdegradasi menjadi akta dibawah tangan sehingga merugikan para pihak. Notaris telah melanggar pasal 16 ayat 1 huruf M UUJN yang merupakan tanggung jawab notaris terhadap akta yang tidak dibacakan menimbulkan suatu ganti kerugian yang dapat diminta oleh penghadap kepada notaris sesuai pasal 44 ayat 5 UUJN . Perlindungan terhadap pelanggaran pembacaan akta ini telah diberikan dalam Putusan MPWN Sumatera Utara Nomor 7/MPWN Provinsi Sumatera Utara/X/2016.Kesimpulan yang diperoleh notaris membuat kerugian kepada para penghadap karena tidak dibacakan kepada para penghadap. hal yang dilakukan notaris dengan tidak membacakan akta melanggar kewajiban yang tidak dilakukan oleh notaris yang melanggar pasal 16 ayat 1 huruf m.disarankan agar notaris lebih teliti dalam melakukan kewajiban dan kewenangan yang diberikan kepadanya.
Pertanggungjawaban Jabatan Notaris Setelah Berakhir Masa Jabatan Terhadap Akta Yang Dibuatnya
Authors: Alnila Sinaga Ruth , Raffles Raffles , Suryahartati Dwi
Published: June 2022

The purpose of this study is to analyze and criticize the arrangement of the Notary's responsibility after his term of office ends and the legal consequences of the Notary's liability after the end of his term of office. This research is a normative legal research and uses a conceptual approach and a statutory approach. The results of the research are that the responsibility of the Notary's position on the deed made by or before him is until the Notary dies because the authentic deed made by the Notary has perfect evidentiary power where the Notary knows for sure the legal actions outlined in the deed are desired and agreed upon by the parties. The legal consequences for a Notary if a legal problem arises criminally, namely if it is indicated in Article 263 of the Criminal Code to falsify a letter, criminal sanctions can be given, if there is a civil error, namely a formal error which results in the deed being an underhand deed and causing a loss, it can be requested for compensation. the loss to the deed is because it should be an authentic deed that has legal force as perfect evidence in the trial, instead it becomes an underhand deed.
 
Abstrak:
Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis dan mengkritisi tentang Tanggung jawab Notaris terhadap akta yang dibuat oleh atau dihadapannya. Notaris sebagai pejabat umum memiliki tanggung jawab pada Pasal 65 UUJN, Tanggung jawab Notaris terhadap Protokolnya, termasuk akta yang dibuatnya adalah bersifat personal, yang mengetahui secara pasti perbuatan hukum yang dituangkan dalam aktanya yang dikehendaki dan disepakati oleh para pihak. Sedangkan Notaris penyimpan Protokol hanya mempunyai tanggung jawab untuk menyimpan dan memelihara akta yang disimpanya, hal ini berbeda dengan pasal 65 UUJN mengenai Notaris bertanggungjawab atas setiap akta yang dibuatnya meskipun Protokol Notaris telah diserahkan dan dipindahkan kepada pihak penyimpan Protokol Notaris. Oleh karena itu werda notaris masih dapat dimintai pertanggungjawabannya atas setiap akta yang dibuatnya pada waktu menjabat menjadi notaris. Kedua mengenai Akibat dan perlindungan hukum terhadap Notaris yang telah berakhir masa jabatannya apabila permasalahan hukum yang muncul secara pidana maka dapat diberi sanksi pidana, apabila ada kesalahan perdata yaitu terhadap kesalahan pada akta tidak memenuhi Pasal 38 UUJN maka mengakibatkan akta tersebut menjadi akta dibawah tangan dan menimbulkan kerugian yang dapat di mintai ganti kerugian. Perlindungan hukum terhadap Notaris yang berakhir masa jabatannya tidak dilindungi pada UUJN, bahwa UUJN melindungi notaris yang masih aktif berdasarkan Majelis Kehormatan Notaris yang bersifat independen, jika tidak aktif atau sudah berakhir masa jabtannya, maka Notaris yang tidak aktif tersebut hanya dilindungi secara moral oleh Organisasi INI saja, hal ini dilakukan secara represif.
Polemik Penerapan Tanda Tangan Elektronik Dalam Pembuatan Akta Otentik
Authors: Anshori Iqbal , Rahmi Elita , Syamsir Syamsir
Published: June 2022

The purpose of this study is to find out and analyze about electronic signatures application in manufacture of authentic deeds reviewed from Indonesia legislation perspective and the validity of authentic deed that signed electronically. The legal issue that will be examined in this paper is existance of law conflict between Article 15 paragraph (3) Law Number 2 of 2014 concerning amendment to Law Number 30 of 2004 concerning Notary Position with Article 5 Juncto Article 6 Juncto Article 11 of Law Number 19 of 2016 concerning amendment to Law Number 11 of 2008 concerning electronic information and electronic regarding the use of electronic signatures in authentic deeds. The type of research in this research is normative juridical law research. The approach used in this research is the law approach, phylosophical law approach, and conceptual approach. The results of this research show if there is no explicit explanation about notary authority to make deeds electronically. That makes electronic deeds including electronic signatures on it based on the concept of cyber notary didn’t have perfect evidentiary power. The application of electronic signatures is very closely related to electronic deeds. However, the deeds manufacture must be conducted in front of authorized official. Thus, the deeds were manufacture and signed electronically are not considered authentic deeds but  privately made deed.
Abstrak                                                   
 
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis mengenai penerapan tanda tangan elektronik dalam pembuatan akta otentik dri perspektif peraturan perundang-undangan di Indonesia dan keabsahan akta otentik yang ditanda tangani secara elektronik. Isu hukum yang akan diteliti dalam penelitian ini adalah adanya konflik hukum antara Pasal 15 ayat (3) Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2014 tentang perubahan Undang-Undang Nomor 30 Tahun 2004 tentang Jabatan Notaris dengan Pasal 5 Juncto Pasal 6 Juncto Pasal 11 Undang-Undang 19 Tahun 2016 tentang Perubahan atas Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2008 tentang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik mengenai penggunaan tanda tangan elektronik dalam akta otentik. Tipe penelitian dalam penelitian ini adalah yuridis normatif. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Pendekatan Undang-Undang (Statute Approach), Pendekatan Filosofis (philosophical approach), Pendekatan Konseptual (Conseptual Approach). Adapun hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa tidak ada penjelasan secara tegas tentang kewenangan notaris membuat akta secara elektronik. Hal itu mengakibatkan akta elektronik termasuk tanda tangan elektronik didalamnya berdasarkan konsep cyber notary tidak memiliki kekuatan pembuktian yang sempurna. Penerapan tanda tangan elektronik sangat erat hubungannya dengan akta elektronik. Akan tetapi pembuatan akta harus dilakukan dihadapan pejabat yang berwenang. Sehingga, akta yang dibuat dan ditandatangani secara elektronik tidak dianggap sebagai akta otentik melainkan akta dibawah tangan.