bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Something old and something new. Techniques to improve the lexical inventory of EST students : a proposal
Authors: Miranda García Antonio , Calle Martín Javier , Moreno Olallas David
Published: April 2016

One of the main difficulties encountered by Spanish students of Engineering when they are confronted with a technical text in English lies more often than not in their poor command of the lexicon, both general and subtechnical. It seems obvious that the learning of lengthy wordlists by rote must be discarded as idle, since the students can usually only recall a few items once a few days have passed. This particular tedious learning task can be eased by favouring a set of associations within the learners’ mental lexicon so as to relate a certain word with its designatum, or else to link mentally the word in English with its homologue (or near homologue) in the mother tongue. These associations share the common objective of adding to the learners’ vocabulary through the creation of word-links, both syntagmatically and paradigmatically. In this paper we present some techniques that have proved helpful to our students in building up both their active and passive vocabulary in quantitative and qualitative terms. On the one hand, procedural, word-formation and warm-up activities have been employed so far in the field of EST; etymology, on the other, is more innovative in foreign language teaching.
Consciousness as creative force and prison cell in Nabokov's "Mademoiselle O"
Authors: Neumann Claus-Peter
Published: April 2016

Published in five essentially different versions, on some occasions as short story, on others as part of his autobiography, Nabokov’s “Mademoiselle O” challenges the boundaries between the two genres. An analysis of how plot, titular character and narrative voice relate to each other in the 1947 version, published in identical form both as independent short story and as chapter of the memoir Conclusive Evidence, yields insights into Nabokov’s conception of the interrelation between memory and imagination. In this conception human consciousness reveals itself as a conditioning force acting on memory, suggesting the ontological impossibility of all autobiography. However, tensions created by textual passages that provide a contrast to the narrator’s version of events insinuate that consciousness has its limits, thus showing a way of saving memory from fiction, albeit on a subliminal level that undermines the narrative voice itself.
Allusion and ambiguity in Seamus Heaney's "Blackberry-Picking"
Authors: Sell Jonathan P.A.
Published: April 2016

This paper subjects the function of allusion first to a stylistic and then to a more pragmatic analysis. It is argued that allusion is interactive and enables the construction of a community or culture in which the sender invites the receiver to share. In the case of Heaney’s short lyric, it is shown how allusions to Keats at first sight persuade readers of the existence of a shared community with the poet that is founded on shared cultural experiences. However, this sense of community is problematised by the experiential disjunction between the allusively competent “you” to whom the poem is addressed and the “you” inscribed into the poem itself. This disjunction entails the alienation of the explicit addressee from the recollected experiences of the poetic persona as narrated within the poem, an alienation which mirrors that persona’s forlorn incapacity to map onto the Ulster of his childhood the allusive pre-texts of English culture. Thus allusion throws into relief both what sender and receiver may have in common and what keeps them apart, while also offering the poet refuge in the ambiguity inherent in the twin possibilities of referential or associative readings.
Sites of memory, sites of mourning and history : Danticat's insights into the past
Authors: Vega González Susana
Published: April 2016

Memory has undoubtedly played a crucial role in the postmodern literary discourse. The dismantling of a monolithic, static and unquestioned history has given place to the predominance of a revisionary narrative impulse to “historicize the event of the dehistoricized” in Homi Bhabha’s terms. Haitian-American writer Edwidge Danticat joins the number of contemporary authors who are determined to uncover and recover the forgotten and manipulated histories of the dead. Taking the Massacre River dividing Haiti and the Dominican Republic as a site of memory as well as a site of mourning, Danticat writes The Farming of Bones (1998) as a tribute to those nameless and faceless who died victims of the abuses of power and racial persecution, providing them with names and voices against silence and oblivion. It is my aim to analyze the dimension of the use of memory in Danticat’s novel, especially in relation to the workings of history. Issues of power and racial oppression will be especially relevant in this analysis.
An annotated bibliography on Katherine Mansfield
Authors: Rodríguez Salas Gerardo
Published: April 2016

The present study complements Brownlee Jean Kirkpatrick’s bibliography on the New Zealand writer Katherine Mansfield, published in 1989. More than a decade has passed since its publication and criticism on Mansfield has increased substantially, creating the need to update Kirkpatrick’s material. This survey offers a careful selection of articles, book chapters, and monographic studies, also considering those published within the Spanish academic system. It starts by providing a list of the books and journals that include article collections on the writer, to make easier subsequent allusions.
The manipulative power of word-formation devices in Margaret Atwood's Oryx and Crake
Authors: López Rúa Paula
Published: April 2016

Apart from speculating about a series of issues open to debate, such as the dark side of progress and globalization or the conflict between science and morality, Margaret Atwood's Oryx and Crake (2003) offers a feasible insight into the state of the English language in the near future as far as the development of the lexicon is concerned. In the light of Foucault's theories on power, knowledge and discourse, this article approaches the novel from a linguistic perspective and undertakes an analysis of lexical innovation which comprises fields of interest, devices, motivations and users. The conclusions drawn from the analysis can be summarized as follows: in the first place, it is verified that the major fields of development for lexical creativity are science and technology, learning, consumerism, and media and entertainment, in other words, the fields through which number people (the group in control) exert power; secondly, from a strictly linguistic point of view, new vocabulary arises from the use of existing bases and productive word-formation devices like derivation, shortening and compounding; thirdly, the motivations behind the use of these mechanisms are critical, pragmatic, communicative and connotative, but new words are also created to ensure the perpetuation of the system; lastly, inasmuch as they form part of discourse, new items also contribute to the creation of individual and collective identities.
"What then?": poststructuralism, authorial intention and W. B. Yeats
Authors: McNamee Brendan
Published: April 2016

Using aspects Yeats' s life and work (poems, philosophy, publishing episodes) as a lens, and focusing on the question of authorial intention, this paper explores certain conflicts and interrelations between traditional and poststructuralist theories of both textual and literary criticism. It will seek to show how Yeats himself embodies and mirrors this conflict in his work, both textually and thematically, and how the most important aspect of this conflict, for Yeats and for literature in general, is that it remains unresolved. Contrasting the ideas of E.D. Hirsch with those of Jerome McGann on the textual side and with those of Stanley Pish on the theoretical side, the paper seeks to highlight some limitations of the poststructuralist position, and also to show how these two apparently disparate schools of thought, traditionalist and poststructuralist, can occasionally exhibit some surprising affinities. The paper is indebted to George Bornstein's textual work on Yeats in its argument.
Priority hierarchies in subject assignment in English: case of conflation
Authors: Rodríguez Juárez Carolina
Published: April 2016

The theoretical model of Functional (Discourse) Grammar initially developed by Simón C. Dik (1997a/b) stresses the relevance of implicational hierarchies in grammatical operations and claims that these hierarchies, although they present individual properties associated with intrinsic, functional and hierarchical constraints, may interact with each other to the extent that some of them could be grouped and reformulated as a single hierarchy gathering properties of different nature. In this paper, we will explore these cases of conflation within the domain of the grammatical operation of Subject assignment in one particular language, viz. English, and will suggest new cases of overlap between some of these priority features which might be appropriate in a descriptive approach to Subject selection in the English language.
Toni Morrison's "Love" and the trickster paradigm
Authors: Vega González Susana
Published: April 2016

The aim of this article is to propose a reading of Toni Morrison's Love (2003) as a trickster novel. The trickster paradigm, characterized by ambiguity, indeterminacy and transgression, pervades Morrison's fiction and dominates her latest novel in a clear continuation of her challenge to unquestioned univocal concepts and world views. Two of its female characters, Junior and Celestial, join the ranks of Morrisonian tricksters like Pilate or Sula. As a writer of trickster fiction, Toni Morrison turns into a figurative trickster herself, playing with language and words and welcoming paradoxes like those engendered by the multidimensional concept of love.
Discourse strategies for global topic construction in complex written texts: evidence from comment articles
Authors: Alonso Rodríguez Pilar
Published: April 2016

Based on research done on a small corpus of comment articles, this paper reconsiders the relation between topic entity, subject function and given status and explores their role in the construction and maintenance of the global discourse topic. It claims that even though it is pertinent to say that at sentence level much of the topical information is non-subject and/or frequently post-verbal with new informational status, at discourse level the progression established between non-subjects and subject elements ends up converting topical non-subjects into subjects. In the long term, this means that using subject position frequency as a primary variable in determining possible candidates to global discourse topic is significant and relevant. The article shows that the conversion of topical non-subjects into subjects is done not only by means of lexical recurrence and reference, as Givón (1990) claims; but also by other means such as extended reference, anticipatory it, general nouns or superordinates and complex clausal structures. This is illustrated with evidence from a selection of comment articles from The Observer, The Times and The Guardian.
Critical discourse analysis of the Iraq conflict in the British and German 'quality' press
Authors: Dirks Una
Published: April 2016

This paper focuses on how the British and German 'quality' press has dealt with the warfare interests of the US administration in Iraq. In this context, particularly the papers' presentation practices with regard to the ostensible existence of Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD) and the alleged terrorist connection of al Qaeda with Saddam Hussein will be closely investigated. In order to operationalise this research agenda, I follow a cultural heuristics of research that consists of a social studies approach and the application of pragmalinguistic methods (including the analysis of frames, conceptual metaphors, speech acts, schemata of communication etc.) from a genre-based perspective. By virtue of this framework, it becomes possible to determine press genres and their cultural impact as well as the borderlines of discourse cultures about the de-/construction of war. The findings comprise a wide variety of empirical evidence for the shaping of policy lines in the papers' front page articles from a comparative intra-European perspective.
Moving closer to the audience: watching football on television
Authors: Gerhardt Cornelia
Published: April 2016

This article aims to describe specific practices of television spectators based on recordings of English families and friends while watching football on television. Their conversations and the talk and events on television are transcribed and analysed with interactional sociolinguistic and conversation analytical methodologies. By doing 'watching football on television', the spectators constitute themselves as a community of practice. Their strategies include direct address of the television (i.e. the commentator or one of the protagonists of the game) and signalling of independent knowledge and emotions to construct their identities of football fan and expert. Conflict between these two identities may become instantiated in the talk. At times, the spectators mutually negotiate the participant role 'party to the talk at home' for the television. This is done by furnishing second pair parts to the commentators' adjacency pairs. Also, it includes respecting the commentators' turns. Having spent countless hours watching football on television, the spectators manage to carefully construct their talk around the commentators' so that one single, coherent conversation emerges. The practices show how the participants as watchers strive to become part of the spectacle using the television as a bridge to the game itself.
Evaluation and engagement in journalistic commentary and news reportage
Authors: Marín Arrese Juana Isabel , Núñez Perucha Begoña
Published: April 2016

This paper explores the expression of evaluation and the treatment of 'the same event' in news reportage and journalistic commentary in two languages (English, Spanish). In our analysis of the evaluative dimension, we draw on the framework of Appraisal Theory (Martin 2000; Martin and White 2005; White 2003, White 2004, inter alia), and elaborate on the analysis of the categories of evaluation, subsumed under the notion of Engagement, in relation to writer stance and to the dimension of subjectivity and intersubjectivity. The paper reveals the presence and patterning of the various linguistic resources for the expression of evaluation in these subgenres of journalistic discourse, and establishes comparisons across languages.
The hidden dimension of the language of corporations in America and Spain: perspectives for inter-legal communications
Authors: Orts Llopis María Ángeles
Published: April 2016

Starting from Edward T. Hall's assumptions regarding the cultural dimension as the 'hidden dimension' of communication, this study tries to highlight the fact that legal culture vastly influences legal interaction and, hence, varies from system to system. The translation of Company Law from American Legal English into Spanish consists of an exercise in inter-legal communication, as the translator must be aware of the culturally different way s in which the corporate world is contemplated, from the point of view of both the Common Law and the Spanish Continental systems. Through a detailed analysis of the peculiarities of corporate legislation in these different systems that takes into consideration cultural variance, a discussion on the possibility of inter-legal communication is established. In addition, an account of the mercantile terminology belonging to each peculiar legal country is supplied, aimed at explaining how the two different legal systems envision different ways to establish business relationships and identify their constituents linguistically.
Direct discourse in the Greek press: from evidentiality to subjectivity
Authors: Politis Periklis , Kakavoulia Maria
Published: April 2016

Among the ways of discourse representation, direct quotation is the most explicit form of inclusion of a speech event in a discourse. Many researchers have reached the conclusion that Direct Discourse (DD) is the mode par excellence in news reports, and that its function is to ensure faithfulness to an original discourse. This article explores the validity of these claims by comparing the forms and functions of DD in two Greek newspapers, namely I Kathimerini and Ta Nea. Our account relies upon a corpus-based approach to the study of DD forms and a qualitative analysis of a) the speech reporting verbs and b) the functions of DD in the news reports. Statistical information from the corpus provided that the most of the DD forms appeared in very divergent frequencies in the two newspapers. Concerning the functions of DD, we distinguished argumentation, dialogue that sets the scene of a conflict, interview reconstruction, evidence presentation, and legitimization. Moreover, reporting verb selection and source indication brought out the reporter's manipulation of discourse representation. Depth analysis proved that DD's functions are not simply restricted to faithfulness but are further related to the reporter's personal involvement in selecting and processing what to report.
Towards an analysis of academic weblogs
Authors: Stuart Keith
Published: April 2016

This paper analyses both the communicative purposes and formal linguistic features of academic weblogs. An initial analysis of 496 weblogs in use within tertiary level institutions was reduced to an in-depth analysis of 39 academic weblogs (a corpus of 16 million words). The objective was to see how much variation there might be between traditional academic genres and academic weblogs. The initial hypothesis is that academic weblogs are far less formal and would favour greater use of lexico-grammatical realisations belonging to the interpersonal function of language. In order to quantify this possible variation between traditional academic genres and academic weblogs, some well-known linguistic features which have been considered to be typical of academic discourse such as the agentless passive and nominalisations were investigated.
The relationship between the typical errors in the translation of business idioms and their lexicographical treatment
Authors: Fraile Vicente Esther
Published: April 2016

This essay is based on the complexity involved in the translation of English business idioms into Spanish, due to the fact that these linguistic constructions are created with metaphors and based on associations of meaning that have not yet been studied sufficiently. By performing a translation experiment with my students, some conclusions are drawn regarding the difficulties inexperienced translators face and how dictionaries should cope with them. It is suggested that, most general and specialized dictionaries do not offer exact translation equivalents for idioms, but present versions that either belong to a different language level, show a lost of semantic content, have a different frequency, are archaic or erroneous. To solve these limitations, the lexicographical resources should not only include idioms as lemmas, but also offer more syntactic-semantic information with them and to structure it more systematically.
Genre and ideology in Woody Allen's Another Woman (1988)
Authors: Oria Gómez Beatriz
Published: April 2016

This paper analyses Another Woman, one of Allen’s serious films of the eighties, in the light of two genres traditionally associated with the expression of female subjectivity: melodrama and the woman’s film. Taking into account these genres’ conventions, I explore the issues of identity crisis and female repression under patriarchy through an analysis of the film’s protagonist. With this purpose in mind, Another Woman is read in connection with contemporary debates about feminism. More specifically, my analysis reveals the film’s duplicitous ideology: while apparently endorsing female liberation, the text in fact supports a much more conservative standpoint, directly related to the eighties backlash reaction to the achievements of feminism.
A cross-cultural analysis of heart metaphors
Authors: Gutiérrez Pérez Regina
Published: April 2016

In this article we propose a cognitive model which results of metaphorical expressions gathered from dictionaries and thesauri and their later examination and classification. We begin with basic conceptual operations, such as reification and personification, to arrive at more complex metaphors which constitute the “Idealized Cognitive Model”.
Towards a rhetoric of cross-cultural identity
Authors: Sell Jonathan P.A.
Published: April 2016

This paper explores the involvement of metaphor and allusion in the discursive construction of cross-cultural identity. Cross-cultural identity is regarded as a narrative; as such it is liable to rhetorical analysis and dependent on rhetorical processes for its construction and assimilation. Metaphor is claimed to serve both as an analogy for the act of cross-cultural communication and cognition and as a fundamental enabling means of that communication and cognition. Allusion is, likewise, claimed to serve as another analogy on the semiotic and mimetic levels, this time for the experiential condition of the cross-cultural subject, while more pragmatically, it acts as a means for negotiating a palatable identity in a given host community. In conclusion, it is suggested that rhetorical analysis may provide a fruitful tool for affirming the possibility of cross-cultural communication and for understanding how it may actually work.
Going against the grain in literary studies: an analysis of boosters, hedges and other rhetorical strategies in The Pilgrimage of Dorothy Richardson by Joanne Winning
Authors: Llantada Díaz María Francisca
Published: April 2016

In The Pilgrimage of Dorothy Richardson (2000), Joanne Winning negotiates her claim to credibility in the world of Richardson’s studies when introducing a theory that goes against the grain. The study of boosters, hedges and other rhetorical strategies in its introduction and afterword will be of key importance to show how Winning conciliates her self-assurance about her proposal with her deference to other researchers. Researchers are able to convince their colleagues if they have full command of rhetorical strategies to present their findings in an acceptable way. Thus, this article will analyse how boosters, hedges and the coexistence of self-mention with impersonalization strategies help Winning create an adequate scholarly identity for herself that guarantees her inclusion in the literary critical scene.
Exploring new forms of gender violence: women as objects in plastic surgery’s leaflets
Authors: Martínez Lirola María
Published: April 2016

There are many texts in which images of women are used for different purposes in our society. This research explores the main strategies used to create meaning in two multimodal texts used by leaflets advertising cosmetic surgery in Alicante (Spain). The study aims to point out that women are treated as objects in these leaflets. To demonstrate this argument the main visual and linguistic characteristics will be analysed in both multimodal texts in which people are persuaded of the benefits of such surgery. Special attention will be paid to the influence that the different linguistic and visual choices may have on society. This study reveals that the image of women that appears in some leaflets of this type is so aggressive that it could be understood as a new form of gender violence.
The colour of rhetoric in the contemporary agora
Authors: Waddell Neal , McKenna Bernard
Published: April 2016

Rhetoric has three colours: white, black, and grey. White rhetoric is the Grecian Agoric ideal and black rhetoric is its mockery in the form of cheap point-scoring and open deceitfulness. Both are commonly used and obvious. A third, grey, rhetoric, however, is the most pervasive and devious kind of rhetoric in contemporary political discourse, which has developed in response to changing patterns of journalistic inquisition in the 24/7 news and public affairs era. This paper describes the three types of rhetoric, and argues that the Fourth Estate has an important democratic role in counteracting black and grey rhetoric.
Taking scripts as a model of lesson organisation for the integration of culture and language in ELT
Authors: Criado Sánchez Raquel
Published: April 2016

Culture and language are two intertwined constructs essential to understand the interpretation of reality by different communities. Apprehending the foreign language culture is thus vital to attain genuine and fully communicative competence in the L2. This article specifically focuses on the teaching of scripts in ELT. Scripts (Shank and Abelson, 1977) are defined as proceduralised sequences of events of a temporal, cause-and-effect nature which underlie daily stereotyped situations. In this work, scripts are also regarded as cognitive sequences of events for culturally idiosyncratic situations pertaining to a certain linguistic population. The objective of this article is to propose the integration of culture and language teaching in ELT by means of the pedagogical adaptation of scripts for cultural situations made up of an ordered sequence of events. This will be accomplished through the “Communicative Processes-based model of activity sequencing” (CPM). The present proposal attempts at compensating the shortage of traditional culture teaching, which has been almost exclusively restricted to lexis or Elementary Meaning Units (Lado, 1957). The CPM adaptation will be illustrated with a complete ELT lesson created by the author for the script of the Cheese-Rolling festival in the English region of Cotswolds. This lesson will be critically analysed from cultural, pedagogical and cognitive perspectives.
Interlanguage studies in a cross cultural context: the interlanguage of Spanish speakers (L1) in an approach English (L2), German (L3)
Authors: Grümpel Claudia
Published: April 2016

This paper focuses on the acquisition of word order in German by adult native speakers of Spanish in an institutional context (longitudinal study) and a contrastive study on children and adolescent acquisition using transversal tests. The theoretical framework is based on generative grammar analysis proposed for verb placement in German and a review of recent acquisition studies. Analyses of verb movement account for an underlying subject-verb-object order for all languages proposed by Zwart (1993, 1997) based on parallel works by Kayne (1993, 1994) and Chomsky (1993, 1995).
Exploring the Canarian contribution to the Hispanicism in English
Authors: González Cruz María Isabel
Published: April 2016

The Canary Islands (Spain) have always been in close contact with the Anglo-Saxon world, which has had important consequences for the economy but has also meant a significant influence at the socio-cultural, linguistic and literary levels. A review of the English bibliography on the Canaries reveals, among other aspects, a tendency in most authors to use Hispanicisms and Canarianisms in their texts. This article offers a record of the Spanish and Canarian words which appear in a corpus of fourteen works taken from an extensive bibliography, namely twelve travel books and two tourist guides published between 1851 and 1917. Besides providing an overview of the studies on Hispanicisms in English, this paper’s main aim is to highlight the contribution of Canarian Spanish to the enrichment of the vocabulary of the English language by checking which of the Hispanicisms in our corpus which are actually Canarianisms have been included in the lexical repertoire of the Shorter Oxford English Dictionary on Historical Principles (2007).
Some thoughts on slang
Authors: Green Jonathon
Published: April 2016

Slang is a self-sufficient, subversive, oppositional subset of the English language. It has given a tongue, by no means inarticulate, to the marginal, the criminal and the dispossessed for at least half a millennium. But it is hard to pin down: even the etymology of the word ‘slang’ remains unsubstantiated. Perhaps inevitably it challenges concrete linguistic definition, remaining a source of argument: is it a full scale language or simply a lexis of synonymy. And what exactly constitutes a ‘slang’ word, what qualifies it for inclusion in that lexis? Whatever the ‘truth’ it remains a flourishing and endlessly self-inventive channel of communication. As a slang lexicographer of thirty years’ experience, I have come to ask another question: to what extent does any of this matter? Slang is important, slang dictionaries are important, even slang lexicographers are important. But this need to pin down, to categorise, to set in place: is it vital? Does it not run almost perversely in the face of slang’s own imperatives: to represent without compromise – through its obsessions and its relentlessly negative, cynical take on the world – a side of humanity that some, including myself, see as our most human.
Routes for development in the pragmaticalization of sorry as a formulaic marker
Authors: Molina Clara
Published: April 2016

This paper explores the diachronic transition of the adjective sorry from lexical towards grammatical status which resulted in its entrenchment as a formulaic pragmatic marker. As attested by Helsinki Corpus data, the gradual emergence of a number of context-bound complementation patterns (each one linked to distinct semantic nuances of the term) was matched by an increasing detachment of sorry from the domain of sadness, within which the adjective had been central since the earliest times. After the developments had been completed in Early Modern English, the increasingly frequent use of sorry in everyday discourse made for the entrenchment of the novel pragmaticalized instances, which have only gained salience in the language ever since. The processes presented in this paper provide insights into the factors involved in diachronic change and contribute to the ongoing discussion of pragmatic markers.
Expressive devices in the language of English- and Spanish-speaking youth
Authors: Rodríguez González Félix , Stenström Anna-Brita
Published: April 2016

The aim of this paper is threefold: first, to introduce the topic of youth slang by giving an overview of its main characteristics; second, to show the different word-formation processes that slang has to make the speaker’s message more expressive; and third, to study the extent to which these two aspects are reflected in two corpora representing London and Madrid youth language. The present study is based, primarily, on an inventory of the top ten ‘proper’ and ‘dirty’ slang words in each language variety with particular emphasis on the speakers’ age and gender, and, secondarily, on the entire corpus data, which showed great agreement with the features outlined in the overview of the main characteristics of youth slang, while the most obvious word-formation mechanisms turned out to be related to change of form and change of meaning.
Agency as Irony: Akrasia and (In)Action in Antony and Cleopatra and Othello
Authors: Carvalho Homem Rui
Published: April 2016

This paper discusses the matter of agency and intention in Shakespearean tragedy from a perspective defined by akrasia, or the perplexity which is posed by a character who wilfully makes a decision (either for action or passivity) the effect of which is contrary to his/her interests —even when everything (in this case, the dramatic situation) indicates s/he should be aware of its consequences. This discussion explores and questions notions of irony as they have traditionally emerged in tragic theory, and will give particular attention to the imbrications between akrasia, irony and gender typecasting in Othello and Antony and Cleopatra. Indeed, the paper will examine the extent to which akratic traits come to prevail in Shakespeare’s delineation of the tragic in these plays, and how such traits also become integral to the playwright’s ambivalent positing of gender profiles. These are represented at their clearest through (in)action and its results, as the tragic plot progresses to its outcome.
Tsubouchi, Dryden and Global Shakespeare
Authors: Gallimore Daniel
Published: April 2016

What does it mean for Shakespeare’s plays to be recognized as both ‘universal’ and ‘foreign’ in a recipient culture? In the case of Japan, where Shakespeare was initially received in the late nineteenth century, one answer might be that Japanese Shakespeareans have adopted a kind of ‘soft humanism’; in other words one not specifically situated against the horizon of the English Renaissance, but instead fulfilling a range of purposes within the local culture, not least the touting of ‘universal’ values. Universals appeal to societies perceived to lack a strong awareness of the individuated self, such as in late nineteenth century Japan, where the pioneering Shakespeare translator Tsubouchi Shōyō was among the first to encounter Shakespeare’s works. One influence on Tsubouchi’s translating style that is often overlooked is that of John Dryden, who becomes a central figure in the history of English literature which Tsubouchi published in 1901. Like Dryden, Tsubouchi finds in Shakespeare a forum for philosophical and ideological exchange; Dryden may well have provided Tsubouchi with a critical perspective on their predecessor. This article discusses their relationship with regard to Dryden’s influential adaptation of Antony and Cleopatra, All for Love (1678), and Tsubouchi’s 1915 translation of the same play.
Looking for Mr GoodWill in “Rancho Grande” and Beyond: The ‘Ghostly’ Presence of Shakespeare in Mexican Cinema
Authors: Michel Modenessi Alfredo
Published: April 2016

The Perhaps as an outcome of the “globalization” of Shakespeare studies, the film Huapango (dir. Iván Lipkies, 2003), avowedly based on Othello, seems to be drawing attention from scholars world-wide far more quickly and productively than the only other movie unabashedly adapted from a Shakespeare play in Mexican cinema: Cantinflas’s Romeo y Julieta (dir. Miguel M. Delgado, 1943). Although in Mexico these two pictures still stand alone in deriving integrally from a Shakespeare play, they are not, of course, the sole cases in Spanish-speaking cinema, where over the years a handful of films have been made with similar premises. All of them share a simple but potentially revealing feature, however: so far, no Spanish-speaking film made from Shakespeare can be deemed a “straightforward” performance/translation of its source. Nonetheless, films that ‘reset’, ‘cite’, or somehow ‘ex/ap-propriate’ Shakespeare are not wanting in Mexico. After briefly revisiting points I have made elsewhere on the two aforementioned pictures, this mostly descriptive paper* will aim to identify the “actual” or “ghostly” “presence” of Shakespeare in three films made at diverse stages in the history of Mexican cinema: Enamorada (dir. Emilio Fernández, 1946), El charro y la dama (dir. Fernando Cortés, 1949), and Amar te duele (dir. Fernando Sariñana, 2002).
“Enfranchised” Language in Mulcaster’s Elementarie and Shakespeare’s Henry V
Authors: Leonard Alice
Published: April 2016

This article is a study of early literary theory and practice in Renaissance England, which focuses specifically on Shakespeare’s language use. The end of the sixteenth century in England experienced a linguistic revolution as Latin was gradually replaced by vernacular English. Renaissance rhetoricians such as George Puttenham and Thomas Wilson patriotically argued that English was capable of employing figures of speech to express complex ideas. Yet in this period the vernacular was in a process of formation, demonstrated by Richard Mulcaster’s Elementarie (1582). He argued for the expansion of the lexicon according to “enfranchisement”: the welcoming and naturalizing of foreign words from Latin, Greek, Spanish, French and Italian into English (1582: 172). The Elementarie reveals how language was being shaped in a period of massive linguistic change. This is especially visible in the dynamic creativity of Shakespeare’s linguistically-inventive drama, made possible by the transition from Latin to a protean vernacular. He staged the difference within English itself and its mixing with foreign languages. This is particularly prevalent in Henry V (1599) with the representation of French and regional dialects, where linguistic exchange and semantic negotiation bring linguistic difference to the fore and the lexical parts become all the more plastic. This article seeks to examine what happens when English is set alongside foreign tongues: why they are used, how they are represented, and how they interact. It will argue that this attention to foreign language demonstrates English inviting rather than excluding strange tongues for the health of the linguistic body and the enhancement of expression.
Staging Plays at Shakespeare’s Globe: Then and Now
Authors: Thompson Ann
Published: April 2016

The reconstruction of the Globe Theatre on London’s Bankside had historical accuracy as one of its aims, both in terms of the design and construction of the building itself and, more controversially, in terms of issues to do with performance. Scholars hoped the theatre would become a kind of laboratory in which they could test theories about how the plays might have been staged in Shakespeare’s time, and terms like ‘authenticity’ and ‘original practices’ were used. This essay discusses the sometimes patchy and unreliable evidence we have about ‘original practices’ from stage directions, dialogue and accounts of props and costumes; it also explores how the companies using Shakespeare’s Globe have used aspects of the building such as the yard, the space under the stage, the trapdoor and so on. And it provides examples of experiments with lighting and sound effects, and more radical ones with casting (gender, race and age) and original pronunciation. Finally, it argues that the theatre is not just a museum but a space for theatrical innovation, now as well as then.
From ‘Imitation’ to ‘Indigenization’: A Study of Shakespeare Performances in Colonial Calcutta
Authors: Thakur Vikram Singh
Published: April 2016

The plays of William Shakespeare have been performed all over the globe. This is particularly true of the erstwhile colonies of Britain and India is no exception. Along with other English playwrights, Shakespeare’s plays began to be performed in India during the eighteenth century by British officials for their entertainment. Educated Indians took these performances as a model to develop ‘modern’ Indian theatre. The present essay engages with Shakespeare production in colonial Calcutta, starting with Shakespeare performances in English before moving on to consider the later process of ‘indigenizing’ Shakespeare. The essay also proposes that Shakespeare production in Calcutta after the 1850s when Shakespeare’s plays moved out of the confines of schools and colleges has been governed by its own aesthetics.
“The drops which fell from Shakespear’s Pen”: Hamlet in Contemporary Fiction
Authors: Gill Patrick
Published: April 2016

Questions of gender, ethnicity and sexuality have all been raised by novelists intent on rewriting Shakespeare from the position of what have been seen as cultural margins. While discussions of such rewritings are ongoing, few concerted efforts have been made to trace a pattern in the treatment of Shakespearean allusion and adaptation at the hands of British and American writers of the literary mainstream. The present essay sets out to investigate the way in which three such writers —Ian McEwan, Graham Swift, and John Updike— employ allusion to/adaptations of Hamlet in their novels and what their respective stances reveal about their understanding of their role as canonical writers.
Building Partnerships and Fostering Activities to Promote English Outside the Classroom
Authors: Raluy Alonso Ángel
Published: April 2016

Becoming proficient in at least one foreign language is a target for educational authorities throughout Europe. The question is how we can improve our students’ command of English without increasing the workload on teachers and without much funding. In El Prat de Llobregat, a city located in the vicinity of Barcelona, we have addressed that issue by creating a group of teachers, educational advisors and city council administrators, who have been acting in a coordinated way to enhance English language exposure beyond the classroom. Our interest in promoting English stems from our location: our municipality is situated next to an international airport where finding a job is bound to be dependent on English fluency. We aim to show that, through a network of members at school and administrative levels, an array of meaningful and empowering initiatives can be implemented in a city where resources are scarce and cultural backgrounds diverse.
“The Answer a Philosopher Gives Determines the Entire Shape of his Metaphysics”: The Influence of Plato and Descartes on Rebecca Goldstein’s The Mind-Body Problem
Authors: Sánchez Canales Gustavo
Published: April 2016

To date, Rebecca Goldstein’s The Mind-Body Problem (1983) has been mostly analysed from two points of view. On the one hand, the significance of Renee Feuer’s Orthodox Jewish background in addressing the/her mind-body problem; on the other, the implications of the Holocaust for Noam’s life and, therefore, for the Noam-Renee relationship. Surprisingly, this novel has not been studied from a purely philosophical perspective. For this reason, the present article attempts to shed some light on the protagonist’s mind-body problem by focusing on the references to René Descartes’ Meditations on First Philosophy (1641) and Plato’s Republic, Book VII.
Aspects of Arbitration Discourse: an Insight into China’s Arbitration Law
Authors: Gotti Maurizio
Published: April 2016

The formulation of legal norms is greatly conditioned not only by different juridical systems and drafting traditions, but also by specific linguistic features and socio-cultural aspects. The paper investigates this issue by taking into consideration provisions concerning commercial arbitration in an Asian country. The text selected for our analysis is The People’s Republic of China Arbitration Law 1994 (PRCAL, for short). This law can be considered a highly important step in the development of Chinese legislation in this field as it has had a great impact on international arbitration carried out by Chinese companies. International business exchanges with China have increased enormously over the last few years and even the recent economic recession has not slowed down this growth, making China the biggest Asian market in terms of import-export trade. As a natural consequence, this increase in business deals and contracts has brought about a rise in the number of trade disputes, with a consequent increase in arbitration proceedings. The aim of this paper is to examine the English version of PRCAL in order to highlight some of the linguistic and legal features present that betray specific cultural values. In some cases, the PRCAL text is compared to the United Nations Model Law on International Commercial Arbitration, with the aim of offering a more detailed understanding of textual phenomena closely linked to differing legal and cultural traditions.
Shakespeare’s Legal Wit: Evolution of the Translation of Shakespeare’s Legal Puns into Spanish from the 20th to the 21st Century
Authors: Rodríguez Herrera José Manuel
Published: April 2016

Shakespeare was law-obsessed and used a considerable amount of law terminology in his plays and sonnets. Though the use of legal terminology was frequent and extended in Elizabethan drama, Shakespeare’s handling of such technical language was particularly accurate and imaginative. It being a highly litigious age, Tudor audiences were well acquainted with a wide assortment of legal terms and concepts, and therefore in a position to enjoy the clownish characters’ (Launcelot, Gobbo, Pompey, etc.) malapropisms and legal puns. However, what applies to the Tudor audience of those days does not necessarily apply to audiences from other cultures and across different ages of Shakespearean reception. In this study, we look at the question of whether the reception of Shakespeare in the Spanish-speaking world coincides with the established image of the Poet as a playwright and poet who knew how to handle the many subtleties of the legal terminology with ease and grace. Much of this image has been diluted as a consequence of ‘loose’ renderings in Spanish translations. With reference to legal imagery, malapropisms, or legal ‘puns’ in particular, many a translation fails to adequately render the corresponding legal overtones in the target text. After a brief overview of Shakespearean translations into Spanish over the centuries, this study focuses on the evolution of the translation of Shakespeare’s legal puns into Spanish through the works of three translators starting with Leandro Fernandez de Moratín’s early 20th century renderings, Manuel Ángel Conejero’s version in 1995, and finally Ángel Luis Pujante’s recent edition of Shakespeare’s comedies and tragicomedies. The paper concludes by problematizing such strategies in the context of “law-worthy” translations as opposed to “stage-worthy” ones.
En els marges de la poesia fontanellana: els textos d’atribució dubtosa o falsa (una aproximació)
Authors: Valsalobre Pep
Published: April 2016

Una de les facetes imprescindibles quan afrontem l’edició crítica de l’obra completa d’un autor literari és la de fixar el corpus textual d’autoria segura i, per tant, eliminar les falses atribucions i reflexionar sobre les dubtoses. En el cas de la poesia de Fontanella, aquest és un afer que no havia estat afrontat de manera global. En aquest treball, a partir dels textos compilats o no al testimoni principal de la tradició fontanellana, es discuteixen tots aquells punts problemàtics pel que fa a l’autoria. Com a resultat de la recerca, una bona colla de textos fins ara atribuïts a l’autor han estat definitivament descartats mentre que alguns altres se situen en la perspectiva de l’atribució dubtosa.
Repercusión de la autopercepción corporal en las relaciones de pareja en mujeres mastectomizadas
Authors: Casillas Jiménez María Ángeles , Cervero Ferragut Salvador
Published: April 2016

Introducción. El cáncer de mama constituye la primera causa de muerte por cáncer en mujeres en los países desarrollados, representando un 13.04/100.000 mujeres, un riesgo de 1 a 8. El objeto del presente estudio ese relacionar la autopercepción corporal de las pacientes mastectomizadas según la técnica quirúrgica y conocer su repercusión en las relaciones sociales y de pareja. Pacientes y métodos. Se trata de un estudio transversal, con metodología cualitativa realizado en una muestra de 22 mujeres (68.75%) del total de las 32 seleccionadas con edades comprendidas entre 35 y 76 años, mediante entrevista personal de 30´. Las mujeres estaban mastectomizadas, con el tratamiento de radioterapia/ quimioterapia finalizado con más de 6 meses desde la intervención. Características de las pacientes. A 12 mujeres del total (54,54%) se les ofreció reconstrucción mamaria, las 10 restantes (45,45%) no tuvieron esa opción. Resultados. 12 mujeres valoran la relación de ayuda de los profesionales muy buena (54,54%), pero en 10 casos expresan muy buena la atención de enfermería y regular la atención médica. Conclusiones. Parece que el cambio en la imagen corporal de la mujer mastectomizada influye en sus relaciones de pareja, dependiendo de la técnica quirúrgica a la que haya sido sometida.