bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Monitoring and conservation of soils as a component of a sustainable management for agroecosystems at the local level
Authors:   Yuriy Fedkovych Chernivtsi National University, Chernivtsi, Ukraine, Dmytruk Yu. M. , Semenchuk V. G. ,   Bukovyna State Agricultural Experimental Station of the Institute of Agriculture of the Carpathian Region NAAS, Chernivtsi, Ukraine
Published: February 2022

The article assesses the prospects of local and regional agroecosystems to provide modern measures to improve the quality of land and soils. The authors applied the analysis (induction and deduction) of guiding and normative documents and current publications of both Ukrainian and European on the organization of sustainable use of soils and the priority of their protection. It is important to remember, that the United Nations (U.N.) sustainable development goals (SDGs, indicator 15.3.1) have land degradation neutrality by 2030. A serious aspect of the article is the assessment of the possibilities of Ukrainian agriculture to implement a system of sustainable soil management at the local level in the near future. It is determined that drivers for soil management of agroecosystems, which determine the agenda for all land users and landowners are follows: (1) global processes and geopolitical significance of agriculture; (2) characteristics of soils as a natural object, in particular, their irreplaceability, non-renewability and performance of global biosphere functions; (3) national features, including the lack of real monitoring, gaps in legislation and non-compliance with existing regulations and acts and the land market. Therefore, there is a need for precise legislation to protect and preserve soils, as well as the implementation of agricultural technologies that will ensure a land degradation neutrality and soil sequestration of carbon. Given the uncertainty about the functioning of real soil monitoring at the state level, we consider it promising to organize soil monitoring as a local network. This means that the creation of a components of a specific soil management system should be provided by land users. The authors are convinced that experimental stations in the structure of NAAS should maintain / create their own database. Based on such a database it will be possible to effectively ensure sustainable soil management, namely: to assess soils current state at the moment, ecosystem services from soils, to predict the dynamics of soil indicators, to simulate different variants of their changes and so on. The costs of such a local GIS are offset by gains, including profits from business activities for many years to come. Due to the increased attention to soil organic carbon reserves (introduction of carbon taxes, restrictions on greenhouse gas emissions), it is urgent to assess and forecast the processes of carbon emission-sequestration and appropriate soil capabilities for a particular type of land use. Soil scientists are ready to develop a method of data collection and local GIS, taking into account the specifics of the type of agriculture.
Accumulation of 137Cs by meadow grasses on peat-bog soils of the Polissia zone in the Rivne region
Authors:   Rivne branch of the state institution ", Dmitrievtseva N. V. ,   Institute of Soil Protection of Ukraine",   , Shubkov, Rivne region, Ukraine, Shepelyuk L. N. ,   Rivne branch of the state institution "Institute of Soil Protection of Ukraine", Shubkov, Rivne region, Ukraine, Pilipaka S. M. ,   Rivne branch of the state institution "Institute of Soil Protection of Ukraine", Shubkov, Rivne region, Ukraine
Published: February 2022

The role and effectiveness of the combined action of various types of mineral fertilizers on the productivity of the agrocenosis and the accumulation of radionuclides by the phytomass of perennial grasses on peat-bog soil (Histic Gleysols) have been investigated. The research was carried out during 2011-2013. In a temporary field experiment with seeded perennial grasses (Dáctylis glomeráta, Bromopsis inermis, Phleum pratense) used for livestock feed. The aim of the research is to identify the features of the effect of radiological load on the quality of agricultural products in fertilized and non-fertilized areas by measuring the specific activity of radioactive 137Cs in the dry phytomass of collected herbs, the density of soil contamination and calculating the coefficients of the transfer of radionuclides from soil to pasture fodder. The activity of 137Cs in plants was determined by gamma spectrometer. The introduction of increased doses of potash (K120) and phosphorus fertilizers together with potash (P60 K120) was effective in reducing the activity of radiocaesium in the dry mass of feed. Over the three years of research on the variant with potash fertilizers, a decrease in 137Cs activity in the feed by an average of 2.9 times was recorded, and at the site of the combined application of potash and phosphate fertilizers – by 2.7 times compared with the control variant of the experiment (without fertilizers).
Arap Edebiyatinda Sîret Türünün Oluşum Geleneği
Authors: BAYRAMOVA Lalə
Published: February 2022

Koca Doğu'ya açılan kapı sayılan Arap dünyasının her taşı ve duvarı bir kültür mer-kezi ve edebiyat yuvasıdır. Siret türünün Arap edebiyatı tarihinde çok özel bir yeri vardır. Ede-biyat temelini folklordan almıştır. Sözlü edebiyat Arap edebiyatının gelişimine büyük katkı sağlamıştır. Her milletin geçmişi eski folklor örneklerine dayandığı gibi, Arap halkının geçmişi, gelenekleri ve millî düşüncesi de folklorun temellerine dayanmaktadır. Arap edebî mirasının derin köklerine sahip folklor örnekleri, Arap dünyasını, Arap zekasını dünyaya haykıran "Binbir Gece" masalları, "Arapların Günleri", "Antara", "Az-Zir Selim", "Ebu Saif bin Ziyezen", "Ali Zibek", "Hamza el-Pehlivan", "Banu Hilal", "Az-Zahir Beybars" gibi edebî eserlerin vatanıdır. Siret, herhangi bir efsanevi kahraman ve cengâver hakkında, Arap destan mirasının kahramanca eylemleriyle yüceltilmiş halk masallarıdır. Destan, folklor türlerinin en büyüğüdür. Hal-kın tarihi, kültürel değerleri, gelecekle ilgili ümitleri, arzu ve duygularından bahseden Arap halk destanları, halk edebiyatı içinde büyük öneme sahiptir. Bu özellik halk içinde tanınmış gerçek kahramanların destansı görüntülerinin ortaya çıkması nedeniyledir. Dünya halkları arasında en fazla popüler olan Arap halk siretleri araştırmamızın esas konusudur. Temel amacımız, Arap edebiyatındaki siret türünün oluşma geleneğini üç dönem hâlinde incelemektir. Halkın medeni ve tarihî olaylarında önemli yer alan ünlü kahramanlarının bir kısmı yücel-tilerek ön plana çıkarılır ve bunun sonucunda halk siretleri doğar. Arap edebiyatında siret türünün oluşum geleneğini ortaya çıkarmak için onun hakkında temel bilgi verilmektedir. İkinci dönemde siretlere yeni kahramanlar ve olaylar eklenerek, böl-geden bölgeye, kuşaktan kuşağa geçerek ait olduğu halk arasında hangi koşullar altında yayıldı-ğından bahsedilmektedir. Bu amaca ulaşmak için edebî pazarların ve meşhur antolojilerin siretlerin yayılmasındaki rolü anlatılmaktadır. Üçüncü dönemde sözlü geleneği bilenler tarafından nesre ve nazma çevrilerek yazıya geçişi, suretlerin yazılı olarak oluşumu konusuna değinilmektedir. Bu amaçla Araplar tarafından şekillenen ve geliştirilen siretlerin, Arap edebiyatının tarihsel dönemleri ve edebî ortamı incelenmektedir. Bu çalışma, Arap edebiyatında önemli bir yer tutan siret türünün araştırılmasının halka yansıma biçimlerinden örnekler vererek farklı bir bakış açısı getirmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Kısacası, hem tipolojik hem de kronolojik ve renkli sanatsal malzeme içeren, karmaşık bir yapıya ve kompozisyona sahip olan siret türünün anlamı, kökeni ve oluşumu, evrimi ve günümüzdeki geçerliliğini gerektiren ana nedenler araştırılmaktadır.
الامارة التركمانية في جبل لبنان 1516-1590 دراسة تاريخية
Authors: حمدان ماجد
Published: February 2022

الملخص:

      الامارة التركمانية من الامارات التي نشأت على الاراضي اللبنانية وبالتحديد منذ بداية القرن الرابع عشر الميلادي بفعل مباشر من المماليك حكام مصر وبلاد الشام (1250- 1517), وسكانها من التركمان الذين سكنوا شمال لبنان ايام حكم السلاجقة وامرائها من التركمان من عائلة تدعى آل عساف, استمرت الامارة التركمانية في حكم مقاطعات شمال لبنان طيلة فترة حكم المماليك, وبعد حدوث الحرب العثمانية المملوكية عام 1516 وقف آل عساف مع العثمانيين مما جعل السلطان العثماني سليم الاول يكافئ آل عساف بأن ثبتهم على امارتهم, واستمروا في حكم امارتهم التي شملت مقاطعات شمال لبنان وهي كسروان والبترون والكورة حتى سقوطها على يد والي طرابلس يوسف آل سيفا عام 1590. وقد اصبح الامير عساف التركماني اول امير للإمارة التركمانية (1516-1518) في ظل الدولة العثمانية الذي اتخذ من بلدة غزير شمال كسروان مركزاً. لإمارته.ومقراً له, وبعد وفاته تولى ابنه الامير حسن حكم الامارة الا انه واجه تمرداً من قبل اخيه قيقباي الذي استطاع من السيطرة على الحكم بعد قتل اخيه في عام 1518 ليحكم حتى وفاته عام 1523 كما تعد فترة سنوات حكمه من الفترات المظلمة التي مرت بها الامارة . وقد تسلم حكم الامارة بعده ابن اخيه الامير منصور الذي حكم حتى عام 1580 وخلال سنوات حكمه توسعت وازدهرت الامارة العسافية, وكان اخر امير لتلك الامارة هو الامير محمد بن الامير منصور الذي حكم بين 1580 – 1590 والذي قتل على يد منافسه الامير يوسف باشا السيفا الكردي الاصل وحاكم طرابلس وبموت الامير محمد انتهت اسرة آل عساف لينتهي حكمها الذي دام حتى 1590.
القيادة الخادمة لدى عمداء كليات جامعة سومر وعلاقتها بالتمييز الوظيفي من وجهة نظر الموظفين
Authors: ناهي عباس
Published: February 2022

للقيادة دور اجتماعي  رئيسي يقوم به القائد اثناء عمله مع غيره وتفاعله معهم من افراد الجماعة ، ويبلور هذا الدور بأن من يقوم به يكون له القوة و القدرة بتأثيره على الاخرين داخل الجامعة ، ولما للقيادة الخادمة من وقع بالغ وأثر في تفعيل دور التمييز الوظيفي داخل هذه المؤسسة التعليمية، لكن انبثقت فكرة مغايرة للباحث من خلال ما لاحظه على القيادات الادارية المتمثلة بعمداء الكليات باعتباره تدريسي داخل الجامعة وجدة بأن هناك ضعف وإشكالية تتمثل بعدم تفعيل دور القائد الخادم من قبل عمداء الكليات  بجوانب  معينة تخص دفع وتحفيز موظفي الجامعة بأخذ دورهم الحقيقي  بإنجاز اعمالهم داخل كلياتهم هذا من جهة ، كذلك لوحظ بتلكؤ وضعف واضح في مجال التمييز الوظيفي بعدم وجود دور واضح للتمييز داخل الكليات يذكر للموظفين بإكمال وظائفهم بطريقة تبين لنا وجود دلالات للتميز تبرز من خلال عملهم يبين ان هناك نتاج واضح لهم  .وعليه اتضحت اشكالية الدراسة بالاتي: ماهي الدرجة التي استطاعت ان تمارس من قبل القيادات الادارية بتفعيل هذا النمط وماهي العلاقة بين المتغيرين حسب رؤية موظفي  جامعة سومر– اما بالنسبة للجانب العملي اعتمد في بحثه جانبا وصفيا ، حيث لجأ الى البرنامج الاحصائي بأستخدام الحزمة الاحصائية (spss ) (مقاييس التشتت، معاملات الارتباط ،معامل الثبات ) حيث كانت نتائج البحث ميول عمداء الكليات في جامعة سومر على تبني نمط القيادة الخادمة كما ظهر بأجوبة الموظفين لكن ليس بمستوى الطموح.
ديوان الإنشاء في الهند في عصري المماليك والخلجيين (602-720هـ/1206-1321م)
Authors: خليل لقاء
Published: February 2022

الملخص:

يهدف البحث لإلقاء الضوء على ديوان الإنشاء في الهند في عصري المماليك والخلجيين (602-720هـ/1206-1321م)، يعد من الدواوين المهمة لأية دولة أو إمارة لماله من دور مهم وفاعل في ترتيب الأمور السياسية والإدارية في الدولة، إذا شكل مظهراً من مظاهر الاستقرار في الدولة، وأهميته في تطور الأساليب الكتابية ونهضة النصوص النثرية التي حبرها الكتاب آنذاك، وكما مثل ديوان الإنشاء مدرسة أدبية يتأهل فيها كل من وجد في نفسه الرغبة والقدرة على تعلم الكتابة.

اعتمد البحث على عدد من المصادر والمراجع ذات الصلة بتاريخ الهند الإسلامية
حبيب أبو شهلا دراسة في مواقفه السياسية في لبنان1937-1957
Authors: عبد الحسين عباس حسين
Published: February 2022

الملخص

تعد دراسة الشخصيات من الموضوعات البالغة الاهمية في التاريخ؛ بوصفها انعكاسات متضاربة من التيارات داخل كل شخصية، الى ان تتبلور افعال تلك الشخصية في النهاية على المرتكزات الاساسية للافكار او التوجهات التي تحملها، لاسيما تلك الشخصيات التي مارست ادوارا عدة في التاريخ السياسي لهذا البلد او ذاك ؛ لذا فان موضوع "حبيب ابو شهلا دراسة في مواقفه السياسية في لبنان1937-1957 "من الموضوعات التي تلتقي مع تلك التوجهات المذكورة .

على الرغم من كثرة الدراسات الاكاديمية الرصينة الا ان البحث في هكذا شخصية لم ترَ النور لحد الآن وهو ما يضفي أهمية كبيرة على الموضوع ؛ اذ ان حبيب ابو شهلا قد توفي في عام 1957 تاركا وراءه الكثير من الاعمال السياسية وفي مختلف المجلات الوطنية والقومية والدولية، الا اننا ركزنا في بحثنا على مواقفه من التطورات السياسية التي تميزت بكثرتها وتنوعها.
ذي قار في العصر الجاهلي ومرحلة صدر الاسلام دراسة في تاريخها وطبيعتها الجغرافية
Authors: رحيم افراح
Published: February 2022

الملخص:

      تعد منطقة ذي قار من أهم المناطق التي تركت أثراً في التاريخ، فهي مهد الحضارة السومرية التي عرفت بإنجازاتها في المجالات المختلفة السياسية والاقتصادية والثقافية. وسميت ذي قار لأنها تحتوي في أرضها مادة القار، فضلاً عن كثرة استعمال القار في أبنيتها، وليس كما يذكر نسبة إلى معركة ذي قار، فالمعركة أخذت اسمها من المنطقة وليس العكس.

        وقد ارتبط اسم ذي قار بمعركة الجمل لا سيما بعد أن اتخذها الإمام علي عليه السلام مقراً له وقاعدة لجيشه قبل الانطلاق للقضاء على تمرد اصحاب الجمل على الخلافة الشرعية في البصرة، و مما لاشك فيه إن معركة الجمل من المعارك المهمة في التاريخ الإسلامي والتي كان لذي قار دورا مساهما فيها لأنها معركة بين فئتين مسلمتين , حيث خرجت مجموعة معلنة نكثها لبيعة الخليفة الشرعي , عندما وجدوا أن خلافته عليه السلام تتناقض مع مصالحهم وتجردهم من مكاسبهم وامتيازاتهم, وقد سلط البحث الضوء على الأسباب التي دفعت الامام عليه السلام لإختيار منطقة ذي قار مقرا لجنده , ومكاناً للبيعة , وقد أخذ البحث بنظر الاعتبار جملة من الأمور منها التسلسل التاريخي للرسل الذين ارسلهم الامام ع من ذي قار , فضلا عن دراسته لأعداد الجيش المتجمع في ذي قار ومقارنته الروايات التاريخية حيث توصلنا الى نتيجة نهائية لعدد الجيش وهي عشرون الف رجل , واظهر البحث حقيقة بعض الولاة لاسيما ابي موسى الاشعري , وغيرها من الامور.
درجة القابلية للاستهواء لدى طلبة معاهد الفنون الجميلة في واسط
Authors: ياسر خير الله نزار
Published: February 2022

ملخص البحث

    يهدف البحث الحالي للتعرف على مستوى درجة القابلية للاستهواء لدى طلبة معاهد الفنون الجميلة وايجاد الفرق بين الذكور والاناث، ولغرض تحقيق هدفي البحث قام الباحث بالإجراءات الاتية:

     اختيار عينة طبقية عشوائية ذات توزيع متساوي من طلبة معاهد الفنون الجميلة للمراحل الثانية والثالثة والرابعة بلغ عددها (100) طالباً وطالبة من قسم التصميم، وتبنى مقياس القابلية للاستهواء  لأبو رياح (2006) والبالغة عدد فقراته (28) فقرة وتم استخراج صدق المقياس الظاهري وصدق البناء والثبات بطريقتي اعادة الاختبار والفا كرونباخ، وبعد تفريغ البيانات اتضح من النتائج ان القابلية للاستهواء منتشرة بين الطلبة وهناك فروق في القابلية للاستهواء بين الذكور والاناث ولصالح الاناث , وفي ضوء نتائج البحث توصل الباحث إلى مجموعة من التوصيات والمقترحات.
The Role of Picture Books in Raising Children's Understanding of English Literature and Life Science Concepts: Selected Stories by Eric Carle
Authors: Zuhair Mayada , Abdulsahib Noor , Yaroub Ansam
Published: February 2022

Abstract

The current study is a theoretical study that aims to underline the role of picture books as a serious genre of children's literature in raising children's understanding of English literature and life concepts; especially for non-English speakers. Unfortunately, most Iraqi people have developed a social phobia of learning English since childhood. This phobia is resulted from the heavy traditional reading and writing assignments as well as hard exams. Therefore, this study suggests incorporating more interesting literary material like picture books that would bring pleasure and help in raising children's love and cognition of English Language. More significantly, it calls to replace the old curriculum with a more vital one where children can interact with all their senses; visual, auditory, and kinesthetic (VAK). To make this possible, two of Eric Carle's books The Very Hungry Caterpillar and The Tiny Seed have been carefully selected according to the American and English elementary school teachers' standards for children aged 3-6 years old. Each story element was submitted to a literary analysis, including pictures, life concepts, and language that enhance children's understanding of literature. Based on Piaget's view about the importance of involving sensorimotor actions in learning to help in children's cognition development, some VAK lesson plans and activities were designed using the concept development model and Synectics strategy. The study has concluded that incorporating picture books into the school curriculum and sensorimotor activities like coloring, cutting paper, games, sounds, and music would help in raising children's understanding of English literature and life science more interactively.
موقـف نـوري الســعيد مـن نظام حسـني الزعيم في سـورية عـام 1949
Authors: جودي رحيم
Published: February 2022

الملخص:

يعد نوري السعيد أحد أبرز السياسيين العراقيين في العهد الملكي، يرتبط تاريخه السياسي بذلك العهد ارتباطاً وثيقاً الى حين سقوط النظام الملكي في 14 تموز 1958. وفي الواقع يعد نوري السعيد واحداً من أفضل النماذج في تاريخ العراق المعاصر لتحديد دور الفرد في التاريخ، فغالباً ما ارتبطت أحداث معينة بشخصه او بدوره في تسييرها، ولم يكن موقفه من التطورات السياسية التي شهدتها سورية بعد قيام حسني الزعيم بإنقلابه العسكري في الثلاثين من آذار عام 1949 خارجاً عن هذا السياق.

تكشف لنا الوثائق التاريخية وتسلط الضوء ساطعاً على دوره في إسقاط حسني الزعيم في سورية، الموضوع الذي دارت حوله شكوك كثيرة وتباينت فيه الآراء حتى كشفت الوثائق دوره في هذه المسألة بشكل أزال الغموض والشك، فإثر قيام حسني الزعيم بانقلابه ضد الرئيس شكري القوتلي، دخلت سورية مرحلة جديدة من حياتها السياسية تميزت بتدخل العسكر في شؤون الحكم وتراجع دور المؤسسات الدستورية فيها.
Motivating English Grammar Learning For Iraqi High Schools
Authors: Hazim  Mohammed Doaa , Ghonsooly Behzad
Published: February 2022

The present study intended to investigate developing and validating a motivation to learn English grammar scale and examining its relation to Iraqi high school EFL learners' grammatical ability. 100 EFL female learners participated to respond the questionnaire in this study. They were around 18-19 years old and were selected randomly from Wasit high school in Kut. To ensure the validity and reliability of the questionnaire, factor analysis was run and Chronbach alpha test was used regarding the reliability. A Pearson Moment Correlation formula was used to see if there was any relationship between the students' motivation and their grammar knowledge in English language. This study confirmed the validity of the questionnaire structure; a confirmatory factor analysis method was used based on the structural equation modeling with Liserel software. The value of t in all cases was greater than 1.96 or less than 1.96 that showed the model was verified and acceptable. The Cronbach's alpha for the questionnaire was more than 0.7. Therefore, the reliability of the questionnaire could be confirmed. The study showed there was a positive and significant relationship between motivation and learners' grammatical ability.
الحجاج في شعر حسين القاصد
Authors: كاظم سلمان العتاب أحمد
Published: February 2022

إنَّ اللغة ذات بنية حجاجية، ويتمثل الحجاج في الخطاب الادبي والبلاغي، وقد ولد هذا المصطلح نتيجة التحول المنهجي العميق الذي طرأ على مقاربات الدرس البلاغي الحديث، وتعود أهميته إلى العودة إلى البلاغة الجديدة التي ركزت على جانبيين، هما: البيان، والحجاج، بوصفهما وسيلة أساسية من وسائل الإقناع.

إنّ الخصوصية الجوهرية (الاستمالة والتأثير والإقناع) التي توفر عليها النص الأدبي جعلت منه خطاباً حجاجياً متميزاً بالدرجة الأولى، ومما لاشك فيه أن لمظاهر الاستمالة والتأثير والإقناع حضوراً في خطاب الشاعر حسين القاصد الذي يصور جراح العراق، ومعاناة وطنه، فضلاً عن معاناته الوجدانية.
قراءة في المشكلة اللغويّة عند المحدثين
Authors: عباس كاظم المياحي أسعد
Published: February 2022

لم تسلم اللغة العربيّة منذ نزول القرآن ودخول غير العرب إلى الإسلام من الانحرافات التي غيّرت مسارها، حتى باتت اليوم تعاني - هي وأبناؤها- من صعوبة التّحدث بصورتها اللغويّة الفصيحة، وقد كتب العديد من أبناء العربيّة مؤلفاتهم في المشكلات التي أصابت اللغة العربيّة، غير أننا لم نجد في ما كتبوا تحديدا دقيقاً للمشكلات فضلاً عن عدم وجود تعريف دقيق لها.

    وهذا البحث يبين - بمنهج وصفي- ماهيّة المشكلة اللغويّة ومفهومها, وأنواعها في الدراسات اللغويّة التي تناولت هذه القضيّة, وأنواعها بحسب ما نراه نحن؛ إذ حددنا بضع مشكلات أساسية تمثلت باللحن الذي أصاب اللسان العربي، الذي تطور فيما بعد إلى العاميّات والازدواجيّة اللغويّة، وصعوبة القواعد النحويّة والصرفيّة والبلاغيّة والكتابيّة، وضعف التدريس، وعدم تيسير تلك القواعد، فضلاً عن التأثير الكبير للعولمة، وانعدام الحسّ  الوطني، وغياب السياسة اللغويّة والتخطيط اللغوي، وغير ذلك.
معنى البيان في حروف الجر في الدرّ المصون للسمين الحلبي دراسة نحوية
Authors: محمد أحمد محمد سعد
Published: February 2022

تناول البحث دراسة معنى البيان في حروف الجر في كتاب الدر المصون في علوم الكتاب المكنون للسمين الحلبي، وتظهر أهمية البحث في الدر المصون أن السمين عالم جمّاعة للمسائل النحوية، فكان يناقش ويرد ويرجح في كثير من المسائل النحوية، وكان لمعنى البيان (التبيين) في حروف الجر عنده اهتمام واضح، وله رأي خاص انفرد به في هذه المسألة؛ مما جعله موضع اهتمام لديَّ لكتابة بحث في هذا الموضوع، واقتضت الدراسة تقسيم البحث إلى مقدمة ومبحثين وخاتمة، تناول المبحث الأول معنى البيان (التبيين) في النحو العربي، وتناول المبحث الثاني معنى البيان (التبيين) في الدر المصون، وأخذت نماذج للتحليل على ذلك؛ لئلا يطول البحث ويتسع، ثم وضعت جدولاً يضم الآيات ثم ختم بخاتمة وأردف بثبت المصادر والمراجع.
احتفاء القبيلة بالشاعر بين الحقيقة والوضع
Authors: قاسم عبدالله سندس
Published: February 2022

تختصُّ هذه الدّراسة بالبحث في قضية مهمة ، طالما شغلت دارسي الأدب الجاهلي، هي قضية (احتفاء القبيلة بولادة الشاعر) ، وما نُسج حولها من قصص؛ غير أنَّ جميع  المصادر التي أوردتها كانت قد  استندت إلى رواية  تفرّد بها ابن رشيق القيرواني ، وقد حاول هذا البحث استقصاء  الموضوع من جوانبه المختلفة  لتقصي حقيقة الرواية  ، فلم يعثر على ما استند إليه ابن رشيق في إيرادها عند من سبقه من العلماء ، وقد حاول هذا البحث المرور بالمصادر الجاهلية التي وُجدت قبل ابن رشيق للنظر في صحّة هذه القصة  من عدمه ، فكانَ لزاماً أنْ يتطرق إلى البنية الاجتماعية في العصر الجاهلي ، وما كان ينفرد ويتميّز فيه العرب آنذاك من أمور بين الأمم، وقد خرجت في ختام المطاف بقناعة مفادها : عدم ورود هذه الرواية  عند العلماء قبل ابن رشيق ، وأنَّ كلَّ من ذكرها فيما بعد استند فيها إلى رواية ابن رشيق فحسب ، دون أنْ يتصمَّد صحتها ، ومن هنا جاء هذا البحث ليكون فاتحة لبحوث أخرى لمن شاء أنْ يبحث في هذه القضية لقطع الشك باليقين.
Existence and stability results for a nonlinear implicit fractional differential equation with a discrete delay
Authors: ATMANİA Rahima
Published: February 2022

In this paper, we are concerned with a class of nonlinear implicit fractional di?erential equation with adiscrete delay. By means of the contraction mapping principle, we prove the existence of a unique solution.Then, we investigate the continuous dependence of the solution upon the initial delay data and the Ulamstability.
Local Fractional Aboodh Transform and its Applications to Solve Linear Local Fractional Differential Equations
Authors: ZİANE Djelloul , BELGACEM Rachid , BOKHARİ Ahmed
Published: February 2022

In this work we focus on presenting a method for solving local fractional
differential equations. This method based on the combination of the Aboodh
transform with the local fractional derivative (we can call it local
fractional Aboodh transform), where we have provided some important results
and properties. We concluded this work by providing illustrative examples,
through which we focused on solving some linear local fractional
differential equations in order to obtain nondifferential analytical
solutions.
Economic and biophysical limits to seaweed-based climate solutions
Authors: DeAngelo Julianne , Saenz Benjamin , Arzeno-Soltero Isabella , Frieder Christina , Long Matthew , Hamman Joseph , Davis Kristen , Davis Steven
Published: February 2022

Net-zero greenhouse gas emissions targets are driving interest in opportunities for biomass-based negative emissions and bioenergy, including from marine sources such as seaweed. Yet the biophysical and economic limits to farming seaweed at scales relevant to the global carbon budget have not been assessed in detail. We use coupled seaweed growth and technoeconomic models to estimate the costs of global seaweed production and related climate benefits, systematically testing the relative importance of model parameters. Under our most optimistic assumptions, sinking farmed seaweed to the deep sea to sequester a gigaton of CO2 per year costs as little as $560/tCO2 on average, while using farmed seaweed for products that avoid a gigaton of CO2-equivalent greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions annually could return a profit of $30/tCO2-eq. However, these costs depend on low farming costs, high seaweed yields, and assumptions that almost all carbon in seaweed is removed from the atmosphere and seaweed products can displace products with substantial embodied non-CO2 GHG emissions. Moreover, the gigaton-scale climate benefits we model would require farming vary large areas (>100,000 km2)—a >40-fold increase in the area currently farmed. Our results therefore suggest that seaweed-based climate benefits may be feasible, but targeted research and demonstrations are needed to further reduce economic and biophysical uncertainties.
Diffusion coefficient and solvation free energy of sucrose in water: a molecular dynamics study
Authors: Sapkota D. , Adhikari N.P.
Published: February 2022

In this work, we have carried out Molecular Dynamics Simulation technique to study the diffusion coefficients, radial distribution functions and solvation free energy of sucrose (C12H22O11) at different temperatures ranging from 298.15 K to 318.15 K. We have taken 2 molecules of sucrose in 1343 molecules of extended simple point charge (SPC/E) water model. The self-diffusion coefficients are obtained by applying linear best fit to the mean squaredisplacement (MSD) plot and binary diffusion coefficients are obtained by using Darken’s relation. Arrhenius equation has been used to show a linear relationship between natural logarithm of binary diffusion coefficient and reciprocal of temperature. The structural analysis of the solution has been carried out with the help of radial distribution functions (RDFs) of its constituents. The solvation free energy of sucrose is studied at 300 K by using free energy perturbation method like Bennett Acceptance Ratio (BAR). The results of binary diffusion coefficients obtained from this simulation work agree very well with the previously reported experimental data.
Estimation of Time Evolution of Muon Spin Polarization in 14N and 15N Systems
Authors: Pant A.D.
Published: February 2022

In muon spin rotation and relaxation (SR) method, time evolution of muon spin polarization provides the information about local electronic and spin dynamic states of the material. Quantum simulation and estimated frequency of calculated the spectra help to interpret the observed polarization spectra. Based on spin dipole interaction between the muon and nearby nuclei (14N, 15N and proton) in zero field measurement case, muon spin polarization spectra and corresponding frequencies are estimated using the quantum simulation. The oscillation frequency increases with approaching the muon towards the nuclei. Variation of separation between frequency positions with changing distance between muon and nuclei indicates the distribution of the magnetic field at the muon site. This study will help to distinguish the origin of oscillation in zero field μSR spectra in the isolated system containing 14N and 15N nuclei (e.g., glycine with 14N, glycine with 15N).
First Principles Study of Structural, Electronic and Magnetic Properties of Defected (Monovacant) Hexagonal Boron Nitride Sheet
Authors: Karki R. , Khatri K. , Adhikari K. , Adhikari N.P. , Pantha N.
Published: February 2022

The structural, electronic, and magnetic properties of vacancy structures with triangular shape are related to the defect in single hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) sheet. It is investigated by using density functional theory calculations. The first-principles calculations based GGA functionals have been implemented to study the structural, electronic and magnetic properties of pure and defected hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) monolayer sheet using Quantum ESPRESSO (QE) package, 6.5 version. The calculated values of formation energy reveal the structural stability of the defected systems. The formation energies for B and N vacant system are found to be 16.45 eV and 12.87 eV respectively. This predicts that the N vacant system is more preferable with lower formation energy. The defect in h-BN seems to be changing its band gap and magnetic properties of h-BN system. The 6.25 % B-vacancy results h-BN to be half metallic ferromagnetic with total magnetization of 2.74µB/cell. Further, 6.25 % N-vacancy causes it to be magnetic semiconductor with total magnetization 1.00µB /cell.
A Detailed Morphological and Spectroscopic Study of Merging Dwarf Galaxy PGC 030133
Authors: Chhatkuli D.N. , Paudel S. , Aryal B.
Published: February 2022

We present a detailed morphology and spectroscopic study of a merging dwarf galaxy PGC 030133. Using the publicly available fiber spectroscopic data from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS), we analyzed nine-strong emission lines of wavelength range 4336 Å to 6739 Å. We find that the strongest emission line is OIII5007, with an intensity of 146.32 × 10-17 erg/s/cm2 /Å. The observed emission lines are well fitted with a Gaussian profile with a coefficient of regression greater than 96%, and the derived full-width half maximum (FWHM) is less than 4.2Å. The Balmer decrement, characterized by the line ratio between Hα and Hβ is 3.07, suggesting a presence of dust at the center of PGC 030133. We derived the star-formation rate and emission line metallicity of PGC 030133 using extinction corrected emission line fluxes. SFR derived from Hα emission line flux is 0.0033 Mʘyear-1 and emission line metallicity derived from flux ratio between NII and Hα is 8.13 dex. Using the SDSS, g, and z-band imaging data, we derived morphological parameters. PGC 030133 has a half-light radius of 3.38 arc second and 3.05 arc second in g-band and z-band respectively and observed one-dimensional light profile is well fitted with a Sersic function with near exponential Sersic index ~ 0.9.
Study of Alpha Particle Impact Double Ionization Cross Sections of Cu Atom
Authors: Gupta S. P. , Yadav K. , Ghimire R. , Khanal R. , Jha L. K.
Published: February 2022

Semi-classical binary encounter approximation has been used for the study of ionization cross sections of Cu atom at ground state. Projectile, alpha particle, with energy varying from threshold to 360 keV/amu are considered for direct double ionizations cross section. Out of the two path ways of ionization we have ruled out the indirect process (like excitation-auto ionization, Auger effect) of double ionization. We considered direct - ionization of outer shells of Cu atom. Vriens accurate expression of cross section for energy transfer ΔE(σΔE ) and Hertree-Fock velosity distribution function for the target electrons are used. The theoretical value of double ionization cross sections at impact energy 300 keV/amu is 0.98 x 10-16  cm2 which is same as experimental values at that impact energy. Above energy of 300 keV/amu, the calculated results underestimates the experimental data and at 360 keV/amu their magnitude are 0.77 x 10-16 and 1.0 x 10-16 respectively.  Above impact energy of 75keV/amu, all the theoretical results have ratio factor within 2. Out of the total number of theoretical data 75% are under valid range of ratio factor 2 and among the valid range 41% have   ratio factor below 1.325 and hence calculated   results of double ionization cross section lie in the acceptable range. The linear correlation coefficient (R square) and standard deviation (SD) of linear fit are 0.6984 and 0.7883 respectively. In low energy range the theoretical results are more apart from corresponding experimental values and possess relatively more error compared to intermediate and higher energy region. Calculated results are in satisfactory agreement with experiment in intermediate and high energy range.
Computational Study on Vibrational Properties of Thyroxine Molecule in Different Charge States
Authors: Dhital S. , Pudasainee K. , Lamichhane H. P.
Published: February 2022

The vibrational frequencies of thyroxine (T4) molecule are calculated through computational method and major modes of vibration are assigned to corresponding frequencies in this research work. First we took neutral isolated T4 molecule for our study, and then we extend our work to anion state. The shift produced in the frequency and IR intensities for different vibrational modes has been calculated for change in state from neutral to anion. In addition, the difference spectra for these two charge states has also been studied for the T4 molecule by adding the dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) solvent. Furthermore, the same calculations are performed for the isolated neutral T4 molecule with C13 labelling. All these calculations are carried out by density functional calculations with the B3LYP hybrid functional applying the SDD effective core potential basis set. The calculated geometrical parameters are in good agreement with the experimental results. Additionally, the calculated frequencies lies within the characteristic region belonging to the respective mode of vibrations.
Measurements of electron energy distribution on electron cyclotron resonance plasma operated with hydrogen gas
Authors: Mishra L.N. , Fredriksen Å.
Published: February 2022

This article deals with the production of electron cyclotron resonance hydrogen plasma in a closed gas chamber called Menja device. For this purpose, 2.45 GHz frequency and various power i.e. 0 - 500 W are employed. The flow of hydrogen gas is controlled manually with the range 1.5 – 10 sccm maintaining pressure range 10-5 – 10-4 mbar. The Langmuir probe technique is used to drag the electrons and ions by biasing the probe positively and negatively to study the key parameters such as ion saturation current, floating potential, plasma potential, electron temperature and plasma density. Besides these, to obtain information on electron energies and their interaction with plasma, the electron energy distribution function (EEDF) has been studied with the help of 2nd derivative of current obtained from the differentiator. For this purpose, an analogue differentiation circuit was built and tested.
Dust Properties of Super-Nova Remnant (Crab Nebula) Using AKARI Survey
Authors: Jha A.K. , Yadav A. , Upadhyay D.R. , Aryal B.
Published: February 2022

We present the distribution of dust color temperature, Planck's function, dust mass, and visual extinction in the far-infrared (140 μm and 90 μm) AKARI surveys of the Crab Nebula using Sky View Virtual Observatory. With a systematic search of a supernova remnants, we found Crab Nebula at R. A. (J2000) / Decl. (J2000) = 05h 34' 31.94"/+22° 00' 52.20". The maximum flux is found to be 145.94 MJysr-1 at 140 μm and 177.01 MJysr-1 at 90 μm wavelength. The total dust mass of the Supernova remnant is estimated to be 6.11×1039 kg (3.07×109 Mʘ) and the dust color temperature is found in the range between 31.16 K to 47.11 K with mean value of temperature of 38.07 K. Similarly we obtained the value of Planck’s function in the range of 3.96 × 10-15 Wm-2sr-1Hz-1 to 1.96 × 10-14 Wm-2sr-1Hz-1 with average value 9.59 × 10-15 Wm-2sr-1Hz-1. The value of visual extinction ranges from 9.21 × 10-14 mag to 2.70 × 10-13 mag with mean value of 1.57 × 10-13 mag. The distribution trend of flux, dust color temperature, and Planck’s function are nearly similar, whereas dust mass and visual extinction follow an inverse relationship with the previous three parameters.
Trend Analysis of Rainfall, Temperature and Relative Humidity over Kathmandu, Nepal
Authors: Regmi A. , Sah H.K. , Adhikari B. , Pandit D.
Published: February 2022

Five years (2012-2016) data of Rainfall, Relative Humidity and Temperature from Tribhuvan International Airport Kathmandu, Nepal (TIA) station were analyzed. Nepal lies in the subtropical region in which experience four seasons in a year i.e., winter, spring, summer and autumn. The Mean, Correlation(r), And P-value were calculated to study the correlation between Rainfall, Relative Humidity and Temperature. Assuming the type I error alpha (α) as 5% the p-value was compared to it. T test was used to calculate the p-value. Assuming null Hypothesis (H0) to show insignificant relation between two variable and alternative hypotheses (H1) to show significant relation between two variables. The monthly analysis also shows the period of Highest Rainfall, Temperature and Relative Humidity Between June or July or August for the location of TIA Kathmandu, Nepal. The relation between Rainfall vs Relative Humidity and Relative Humidity vs temperature was found to be insignificant respectively throughout all five years. The relation between Rainfall and Temperature was found to be significant throughout all five years.
Editorial Vol.7(4)
Authors: Adhikari Binod
Published: February 2022

No abstract available.
Fade In: Spiral biting a pinkie cuticle and Other Poems
Authors: Johnson Francesca
Published: February 2022

The following corpus of four poems indicates a knowledge and engagement with the retelling of antiquated myths in art and fiction. Chew and Swallow was informed by Francisco Goya’s Saturno devorando a su hijo (Saturn Devouring his Son), painted between 1820 and 1823. The poem investigates acts of masochism in terms of male-centric violence. It was a pity about her eyes is directly inspired from readings of John Polidori’s The Vampyre: A Tale (1819) and Angela Carter’s The Bloody Chamber (1979). Like Chew and Swallow, this poem explores acts of cannibalism, masochism and violence. However, It was a pity about her eyes is an exploration into the traumatic effect of sexual violence caused by men. I wrote Fade In: Spiral biting a pinkie cuticle in the form of a free verse poem that is aesthetically structured in the format of a script/screenplay. The truest moment of reflection is a palindrome; therefore, lines are repeated in descending order towards the end to demonstrate a reflective conversation between the speakers.
The selected poems focus on intricate themes of the self, horror and violence and the speakers go through a psychological process related to their mythological intertexts as each poem goes on. I close many of the poems with affirmed definitive statements reflective of newfound ideas.
Crosses to Cullens
Authors: Fewings Alex
Published: February 2022

Although the figure of the vampire in Western culture has undergone significant alterations from the nineteenth century to the modern day in terms of presentation, there has always existed a strain of latent sexual concern in their depictions. In earlier works, this sexuality was couched in a negative light, often incorporating themes of sexual assault, the violation of private spaces and dangerous, ‘tempting’ aspects of sexuality. This article will argue that, although there is continuity between early Gothic vampire fiction and modern vampiric paranormal romance in terms of their connection to sexuality, there has nevertheless been significant evolution in the manner in which that sexuality is approached, as it transforms from sexualised assault to a dangerous romance.
A Creature Without a Cave
Authors: Johnson Francesca
Published: February 2022

This article analyses prominent examples of the Wendigo myth in modern North American horror media and the implications of misappropriation by non-Indigenous creators for non-Indigenous audiences. This article’s cross-media analysis covers television, film and game media; Teen Wolf (2011–17), Supernatural (2005–20), Bruce Wemple’s The Retreat (2020) and SuperMassive Games’ Until Dawn (2015). This analysis will trace the process of these media, made by non-Indigenous white creators, removing the Wendigo’s indigeneity and placing it within fictional settings as an antagonist. I have named this observation of the Wendigo the ‘Caveless Creature’ phenomenon. The paper concludes that employing the Wendigo as a caveless creature is a common practice within horror as it easily creates a villain for white protagonists to defeat repeatedly. This construction is problematic in the horror genre as it presents an Indigenous antagonist that poses a threat to white culture for its otherness and indigeneity – while at the same time, misappropriating, discarding and demonising the Indigenous culture the myth comes from, at whim. Although this article is specifically observing the Wendigo, I argue that it is one of many caveless creatures, and the treatment of them by creators of non-Indigenous horror genre should be analysed in the future.
Eve and Other Poems
Authors: Thwaites Lily
Published: February 2022

To further explore the patriarchal adaptations made to female biblical characters, I have experimented in creating poetry from the female perspective of Eve in the creation story (Genesis). Like Mary Magdalene, Eve has been aligned with original sin and it is this story that was frequently used to justify the treatment of women by the church. Instead of focusing specifically on sin, I wanted to create a poem that explored what it may have been like to exist before the concept of ‘the past’ and ‘time’, as well as suggest what it may have been like for Eve to experience the world after she had eaten from the Tree of Knowledge. If our understanding of good and bad is a result of their contrast, then surely, without ever having experienced evil before she bit the apple, how could Eve (and Adam) ever have truly appreciated or understood ‘paradise’ or the parameters of the Garden of Eden? There are more interesting philosophical discussions to be had about the creation story aside from simply that women are the cause of original sin. ‘Mother Nature’ encompasses both the labours of women and the present-day ecological issues that connect with the original creation story. Likewise, on the theme of feminist mythological retellings, the tale Pygmalion inspired the poem ‘not my bed’, which is a modern-day take on the blurred lines of consent, focusing solely on the female experience, in the wake of the #MeToo Movement and the Warwick Rape Chat Scandal.
The Lord’s Goodbye / Bertilak’s Ghazal and Antigone Regina
Authors: Wallis Estelle
Published: February 2022

With The Lord’s Goodbye / Bertilak’s Ghazal, I wanted to give myself the challenge of incorporating the Arthurian legend into the Medieval Persian ghazal form. The ghazal’s stylistic characteristics are incredibly fascinating and unique compared to traditional Western forms, especially the rhyming patterns. I realised I also found this stylistic distinctiveness in Medieval poems, notably ‘Sir Gawain and the Green Knight’, with its unique alliterative form. This poem draws similarities between the themes generally explored in a ghazal (abandonment, love, and religious imagery) and the story of Sir Gawain. I created a deliberate ambiguity between the two female characters, respectively described as her and Her (the capitalisation reinforcing the religious aspects of the Virgin Mary, who has a major role in the poem). The erotic connotations of Gawain’s relationship with Bertilak also helped with adapting the ghazal to the Arthurian genre. Through this poem, I hope to illustrate the malleability of the myth; a modern Arthurian retelling could deal with queer themes and interpretations, for example, or explore its influence outside of the Western psyche from a non-European perspective.
I wrote Antigone Regina to experiment with the triolet form and to expand on the father-daughter relationship in Sophocles’ Oedipus at Colonus. My favourite aspect of this form is the opportunity to make the same line take different meanings through the poem. The line ‘Oedipus’ grave and weeping blood’ plays on the word ‘grave’, hence the comma that appears in the last line. I also wanted to draw on the relationship that various retellings of the myth placed between humans and gods, as well as the role of ancestry and inheritance – not as a curse, but a fundamental part of human experience on both the individual and the societal level. Although this poem does not explicitly deal with the Arthurian story, it therefore still speaks of the role of poems as important reinterpretations of a myth.
Mal De Ojo and Other Poems
Authors: Alonso Palombi Alba
Published: February 2022

Female sexuality makes people uncomfortable, and, from this fact, rises the Madonna and whore dichotomy, as it allows for the division and neat categorisation of chaste and promiscuous women that keeps female sexuality in check. In both the Madonna and the whore, the sexual facet is outside of the woman’s control, and both are objects of desire for the heterosexual male – very much like the femme fatale. I have here three poems that reflect on female figures and how they have been viewed through their sexual acts, and their vilification or idolisation.
Deterministic Finite State Automatic Smartphone Sales at Handphone Store Using Vending Machine
Authors: Ismaya Fikri , Kurniawan Oky , Novitasari Hafifah Bella , Putra Jordy Lasmana , Gata Windu
Published: February 2022

Mobile phones are getting more sophisticated from year to year, and there are many features that have the latest in these cellphones. Mobile phones have the fastest network today with fourth generation technology so it's not slow to watch videos, play games, study online, and so on. Mobile phones sold have variations of Android and Iphone Operating System. The sale of the cellphones is through mall counters, roadside counters, and street vendor counters. Cellphone sales counters still use tables, cell phone holders, brochures to promote cellphones, and others seem boring, there must be something unique to attract customers' attention. This study aims to develop innovation in selling cellphones that are unique and different from other cellphone stores. The research method uses Deterministic Finite State Automata on the Vending Machine. State Diagram design to define features, main view design, and purchase flow. The results of the study using Deterministic Finite State Automata in the Vending Machine design make it easier for buyers to make purchases of cellphones independently and have their own uniqueness to attract customers' attention
Microstip Antenna Reflection Coefficient with X Slot Addition Method for 5G Connection
Authors: Gultom Yessi Kartini , Alam Syah , Surjati Indra
Published: February 2022

The development of cellular technology has now entered the 5th generation (5G), this 5th generation provides 3 types of services, eMBB (enhanced Mobile BroadBand), URLLC (Ultra-Reliable and Low-Latency Communications) and mMTC (massive Machine Type of Communications).Â  One of the important devices in 5G technology is an antenna device which is able to support these 3 services. 5G technology requires an antenna that has high performance. There are various types of antennas, one of which is a microstrip antenna. Microstrip antenna is one of the most widely used antennas in telecommunications because of its light mass, small dimensions and easy fabrication. There are various ways or methods that can be done to overcome the narrow bandwidth of microstrip antennas, by increasing the thickness of the substrate, using parasitic elements, reducing the value of the dielectric constant, adding inserts to the feeder, or by modifying the patch by adding slots on the patch antenna. In this study to improve the performance value of the microstrip antenna, the researchers discussed increasing the reflection coefficient by adding X Slots to a microstrip antenna with a working frequency of 3.5 GHz for 5G communication. The results of this study showed an increase in the reflection coefficient of 67%, and an increase in bandwidth of 5%.