bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring the Interplay Between Energy Policies and Sustainable Development Goals Within Lithuania’s Energy Sector: A Critical Review
Authors: Alonso Soto Alexandra , Stasiškienė Žaneta
Published: November 2024

This paper presents a critical review of Lithuania’s climate change mitigation policies within the energy sector, focusing on their alignment with Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This study highlights the significance of energy efficiency, renewable energy, and energy security in Lithuania’s efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and transition to a sustainable energy system. The review analyzes the selected research literature that studies Lithuania’s efforts to adapt and fulfill EU energy directives and national goals, emphasizing the impacts of these policies on various sectors, including residential, transport, and industry. The methodology includes a comprehensive analysis of the existing literature and semi-structured interviews with stakeholders regarding their perceptions of the current state and future directions of Lithuania’s energy policies. Findings indicate substantial progress in renewable energy adoption and energy efficiency improvements, contributing to SDG 7 (Affordable and Clean Energy) and SDG 13 (Climate Action). However, challenges such as high costs, underdeveloped financing mechanisms, and limited public awareness hinder further advancements. This paper suggests that future policies should focus on overcoming these barriers, enhancing public engagement, and integrating technological innovations to achieve more significant energy savings and GHG reductions. Recommendations for policy improvements and further research directions are also discussed.
Exploring High-Performance Work Systems and Sustainable Development in the Hospitality Industry
Authors: Wang Chung-Jen , Jiang Zih-Rong
Published: November 2024

This study examines the impacts of high-performance work systems (HPWS) on employee career decision-making self-efficacy (CDMSE) and service performance with regard to the theory of reasoned action in the hospitality industry. Recognizing the critical influence of human interaction and service quality on customer satisfaction, this study demonstrates that HPWS can lead to a motivated and skilled workforce, enhancing CDMSE and service excellence. Employing a quantitative research design, this study analyzes data collected from hospitality employees to assess the relationship between HPWS, CDMSE, and service performance. The findings reveal that HPWS significantly enhance employee service performance by boosting CDMSE, which in turn leads to proactive service behaviors. Furthermore, this study highlights the moderating role played by service climate, showing that a supportive environment amplifies the positive effects of HPWS on employee service outcomes. These insights contribute to an improved theoretical understanding of HR practices in the hospitality sector and offer practical implications for organizations aiming to improve service quality while supporting sustainable hospitality development.
Sustainable Solutions to Safety Risks on Frozen Lakes Through Effective Risk Mitigation Using Crisis Management Logistics
Authors: Végsöová Oľga Glova , Čerevková Katarína
Published: November 2024

This article addresses the critical safety risks posed by the use of frozen lakes, risks which are increasingly exacerbated by the impacts of climate change. In Slovakia, where numerous water reservoirs are legally designated for year-round recreational and sporting activities, safeguarding public health and safety necessitates innovative and sustainable approaches to risk mitigation in emergency management. Using the Jazero water reservoir as a case study, this paper demonstrates that the integration of comprehensive risk assessment, the strategic selection of rescue methods, and the deployment of advanced technical equipment for rescue teams are fundamental to ensuring a robust and efficient crisis management response. Through a comparative analysis of nine access routes, validated by tactical exercises and a detailed evaluation of three distinct rescue methods combined with different equipment types, this study reveals the critical role of optimized rescue strategies in reducing response times. Rescue operations were accelerated by at least 4.5 s, a significant reduction that could be the deciding factor between life and death in real-world scenarios. The proposed sustainable strategies for the Jazero reservoir are applicable to similar natural water bodies, underscoring the vital importance of proactive, data-driven, and adaptive crisis management systems in enhancing both immediate and long-term public safety.
Bayesian Network Analysis: Assessing and Restoring Ecological Vulnerability in the Shaanxi Section of the Qinling-Daba Mountains Under Global Warming Influences
Authors: Hu Zezhou , Li Nan , Zhang Miao , Miao Miao
Published: November 2024

Human activities, especially industrial production and urbanization, have significantly affected vegetation cover, water resource cycles, climate change, and biodiversity in the Qinling-Daba Mountain region and its surrounding areas. These activities contribute to complex and lasting impacts on ecological vulnerability. The Qinling Mountain region exhibits a complex interaction with human activities. The current research on the ecological vulnerability of the Qinling Mountain region primarily focuses on spatial distribution and the driving factors. This study innovatively applies the VSD assessment and Bayesian networks to systematically evaluate and simulate the ecological vulnerability of the study area over the past 20 years, which indicates that the integration of the VSD model with the Bayesian network model enables the simulation of dynamic relationships and interactions among various factors within the study areas, providing a more accurate assessment and prediction of ecosystem responses to diverse changes from a dynamic perspective. The key findings are as follows. (1) Areas of potential and slight vulnerability are concentrated in the Qinling-Daba mountainous regions. Over the past 20 years, areas of extreme and high vulnerability have significantly decreased, while areas of potential vulnerability and slight vulnerability have increased. (2) The key factors impacting ecological vulnerability during this period included industrial water use, SO2 emissions, industrial wastewater, and ecological water use. (3) Areas primarily hindering the transition to potential vulnerability are concentrated in well-developed small urban regions within basins. Furthermore, natural factors like altitude and temperature, which cannot be artificially regulated, are the major impediments to future ecological restoration. Therefore, this paper recommends natural restoration strategies based on environmental protection and governance strategies that prioritize green development as complementary measures. The discoveries of the paper provide a novel analytical method for the study of ecological vulnerability in mountainous areas, offering valuable insights for enhancing the accuracy of ecological risk prediction, fostering the integration of interdisciplinary research, and optimizing environmental governance and protection strategies.
Promoting the Economic Sustainability of Small-Scale Farmers Through Versatile Machinery in the Republic of Korea
Authors: Kang Seokho , Jung Haesung , Kwon Seunggwi , Jang Youngyoon , Woo Seungmin , Ha Yushin
Published: November 2024

The increasing use of tractors and implements is replacing manual labor, but adds financial burdens on small-scale farmers due to rising costs. Many farmers have turned to leasing and renting machinery to mitigate these expenses, while repair and maintenance costs remain significant. Government interventions aim to alleviate these burdens, but income disparities between urban and rural areas persist, and the impact of machinery use on climate change and the environment poses further challenges. Strategies like omitting some operation steps and adopting versatile machinery are proposed to cut costs and promote economic sustainability for small-scale farmers. Therefore, this study assessed the economic benefits of using versatile machinery in farming, especially for small-scale rural farmers. Farming processes were divided into field preparation and crop season activities. Field preparation included rotary tillage, ridge formation, and mulching, whereas crop season activities included harvesting and transportation. Annual usage and production cost analyses per hectare, including labor, fuel, and interest, alongside purchasing cost surveys, were conducted. Versatile machinery reduced annual usage costs for field preparation and crop season activities by 63.54% and 71.71%, respectively. This effect was more pronounced for farms under 2 ha, especially those employing manual harvest and transportation. Small-scale farmers, such as those cultivating hot pepper farms, are strongly encouraged to adopt versatile machinery to mitigate expenses and labor costs. The significance of adopting studied methodology will be amplified with the rising cost of labor. Consequently, utilization of versatile machinery in field farming for small-scale farms is projected to increase incomes not through enhanced production, but by significantly reducing the annual usage costs associated with agricultural machinery. This approach not only alleviates financial burdens but also enhances the sustainability of farm management, ensuring long-term viability and environmental stewardship.
Connecting the Computer Skills with General Performance of Companies—An Eastern European Study
Authors: Stoenoiu Carmen Elena , Jäntschi Lorentz
Published: November 2024

In the current era, the economic model that measures the dependence of the training offered by companies to their employees on certain variables allows for identifying the steps taken on account of digital transformations, given the fact that companies want to be competitive, to develop sustainably and the positive effect to it spreads globally. However, how digital transformation contributes remains unclear in both the literature and practice. Five descriptors of information on the economy in relation to the digital economy were extracted from the Eurostat database, and data on eight Eastern European countries in the period 2012–2020 served as primary data in the analysis. A generalized linear model was used as a statistical tool to infer the data series. Following the statistical regression analysis, it was found that the variable measuring the share of companies that offered training for the development/improvement of information and communication technology (ICT) skills is influenced by the combined effect of several other variables: ‘country’, ‘country × year’, ‘country × share of ICT personnel in total employees’, year × “share of ICT sector in GDP”. Based on the results, we noticed that the studied countries are included in two groups with distinct features, which influence the obtained GLZ model, showing the increase in the dependency effect or, on the contrary, the decrease in this effect.
An Investigation of University Students’ Perceptions of Learning Management Systems: Insights for Enhancing Usability and Engagement
Authors: Almusharraf Ahlam I.
Published: November 2024

Learning management systems (LMS) have become central to modern education, enabling accessible, personalized, and engaging learning experiences. This study aims to investigate Saudi university students’ perception of LMS in order to explore the critical factors that shape their engagement, satisfaction, and acceptance of these platforms. Drawing from the existing literature that points out the usability challenges of LMS, this study hopes to derive actionable insights to optimize e-learning outcomes. Using Kelly’s repertory grid analysis technique, this study systematically captured and analyzed the personal constructs students associate with LMS, focusing on ease of use, interactivity, and content alignment with educational needs. A sample of 20 university students provided insights on their experiences with LMS features related to usability, functionality, and interactivity, which are critical to engagement. Findings indicate that ease of use is a major determinant of acceptance, along with interactivity and relevant content delivery that supports diverse learning preferences. The study identifies key elements to improve LMS platforms, fostering a more engaging digital learning environment and supporting students’ learning needs. The findings highlight the key aspects: usability of LMS and students’ satisfaction through user-friendly interfaces and interactive features. Institutions that incorporate student feedback into LMS development will likely see improved e-learning outcomes. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of LMS user perceptions and implies refinements that can align platforms with pedagogical demands in higher education.
Optimizing Perceived Jogging Supportiveness for Enhanced Sustainable Greenway Design Based on Computer Vision: Implications of the Nonlinear Influence of Perceptual and Physical Characteristics
Authors: Liu Yuhan , Xu Nuo , Liu Chang , Zhao Jiayi , Zheng Yongrong
Published: November 2024

Active transportation and lifestyles are important components of a sustainable city. Greenways play a crucial role in providing conducive environments for jogging. To investigate the influence of micro-scale characteristics on perceived jogging supportiveness (PJS), 230 video clips of greenways within Fuzhou City were collected as samples. PJS was evaluated using a Likert scale, perceptual characteristics were assessed through a semantic difference scale, and physical characteristics were computed via semantic segmentation. By employing SHAP values and dependence plots within an XGBoost framework, the findings reveal the following: (1) Regarding perceptual characteristics, continuity, culture, and facility affordance exhibit the highest relative importance to PJS (|SHAP| ≥ 0.1). Continuity, naturalness, and vitality generally have positive impacts on PJS, while disturbance is negative. Facility affordance, scale, culture, openness, and brightness demonstrate more complex nonlinear influences that suggest optimal value ranges. (2) Concerning physical characteristics, fences, motor vehicles, and surface material are deemed most influential (|SHAP| ≥ 0.1). The presence of fences, walls, and construction generally negatively affect PJS, while excessive openness is also unfavorable. Comfortable road surfaces are associated with higher levels of PJS. Natural elements and the presence of people and vehicles have promoting effects up to certain thresholds, but beyond that point, they exert opposite influences. Finally, suggestions for designing greenways that encourage jogging are proposed. This study provides practical references for optimizing greenway design to promote active transportation and lifestyles, reinforcing the contribution of green infrastructure to public health in sustainable cities.
Tourist eXperience Considering Cultural Factors: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Ortiz Oriella , Rusu Cristian , Rusu Virginica , Matus Nicolás , Ito Ayaka
Published: November 2024

This article examines Tourist eXperience (TX) and cultural factors from the perspective of Customer eXperience (CX). TX is understood to be the interactions with and responses of tourists to the products, systems, and services provided by organizations they engage with before, during, and after their trip, which significantly impact their experience and thus their satisfaction and loyalty. Considering cultural factors allows us to understand how the values and beliefs of tourists and their destinations relate to and affect TX. Based on this understanding, this research conducted an exhaustive review of the literature in the databases of Scopus, Web of Science, and Science Direct from 2012 to 2024, identifying 45 publications directly related to the following research questions: (1) What is TX? (2) What dimensions/attributes/factors influence TX? (3) What methods are used to evaluate TX? (4) How is culture analyzed in TX? We found a holistic definition of TX that corresponds to a subjective perception developed before, during, and after the trip, influenced by both the tourist’s culture and the destination. The most used evaluation methods for data collection were questionnaires/surveys and interviews. Additionally, it is important to understand the significance of culture in TX, as cultural clashes can generate both positive and negative perceptions in tourists.
The Mediating Impact of Organizational Innovation on the Relationship Between Fintech Innovations and Sustainability Performance
Authors: Almasria Nashat Ali , Alhatabat Zaidoon , Ershaid Diala , Ibrahim Abdulhadi , Ahmed Sajeel
Published: November 2024

The paper explores the impact of digital payment systems, blockchain technology, and AI/machine learning on innovation and sustainability in financial organizations. As part of the analysis, the study has adopted an explanatory research design and has used SmartPLS in order to analyze the data collected from 230 professionals of different fields through a structured questionnaire. The results show positive effects of digital payment systems and blockchain technology on organizations’ innovations with the impact of digital payments being the most pronounced. Empirical results suggest that these technologies are important to improve sustainability performance, depending on measures of internal consistency and discriminant validity among the proposed constructs. Al, also machine learning, has the highest relevance with environmental sustainability, thereby underlining the importance and work of such measures. Based on the Resource-Based View (RBV) theory, the study also explains the need for the organization to assimilate these innovations to enhance the organizational operations, customer satisfaction, and compliance with the laws. The study highlights fintech’s potential to address environmental issues and enhance societal goals, but geographical limitations may obstruct its transportability.
Lake Shore Restoration with Vallisneria spiralis in Lake Como (Northern Italy) to Improve Sustainability
Authors: Castelnuovo Nicola , Villa Benedetta , Boldrocchi Ginevra , Iotti Paola , Bettinetti Roberta
Published: November 2024

In the Anthropocene era, lake ecosystems are increasingly subjected to significant human-induced pressures, leading to declines in both biodiversity and habitat quality. However, restoration initiatives offer promising avenues for enhancing the resilience of freshwater environments. This research investigated a range of established and novel methods aimed at promoting the growth of the macrophyte Vallisneria spiralis in the littoral zone of Lake Como, a southern alpine lake in Italy. To conduct this study, samples of Vallisneria spiralis were collected and placed in tanks containing four different types of 3D-printed biodegradable substrates. The optimal conditions for the growth of this species were identified as follows: a temperature range of 25 to 27 °C, the continuous operation of a circulation pump equipped with a filter, the presence of a fertile substrate, and light cycles comprising 6 h of peak illumination followed by 6 h of darkness. Remarkably, the plants exhibited a growth rate of 4 mm per day, increasing from an initial count of 12 specimens to 400 within four months, with a total of over 700 plants by the end of the study. Among the substrates tested, the patch substrate was found to be the most effective. After their introduction into the natural environment, the survival rate of plants established on stable substrates in contact with the lakebed reached an impressive 85.7%. This research represents a pioneering step in demonstrating that Vallisneria spiralis may serve as a viable option for restoration projects in coastal lake habitats, particularly when employing biodegradable substrates.
Evaluating Growth and Crisis Risk Dynamics of Sustainable Climate Exchange-Traded Funds
Authors: Ullah Atta , Liu Xiyu , Zeeshan Muhammad , Shah Waheed Ullah
Published: November 2024

This study evaluates the dynamic risk spillovers and interconnectedness of environmental, social, and governance exchange-traded funds (ESG-ETFs) markets during two significant geopolitical conflicts, the Israel–Palestine and the Russia–Ukraine conflicts, alongside an extended analysis of the full period from July 2020 to October 2024. We investigate how crises transmit risks to the market by using the Total Connectedness Index (TCI) and net spillover measures. Our findings reveal a consistently high level of market interdependence. TCI values rose from 65.71% during the Israel–Palestine conflict to 67.28% in the full sample, indicating intensified risk sharing among markets as crises evolve. The markets “Deka MSCI World Climate Change ESG UCITS ETF (D6RP)” and “Amundi MSCI World SRI Climate Net Zero Ambition PAB UCITS ETF EUR Acc (XAMB)” emerge as prominent risk transmitters across all periods, actively spreading volatility throughout the system in both the crisis. In contrast, the markets “Amundi MSCI World Climate Transition CTB—UCITS ETF DR—EUR-C (LWCR)” and “Franklin STOXX Europe 600 Paris Aligned Climate UCITS ETF (PARI)” are primary risk receivers, absorbing a substantial portion of the instability in the Israel–Palestine and Russia–Ukraine conflicts. These dynamics underscore the shifting roles of financial markets during prolonged geopolitical tensions. These findings highlight the necessity of monitoring global markets, particularly during geopolitical shocks, to mitigate systemic risk and effectively navigate financial instability.
A New Approach to Rural Classification Based on the Filter-Method System: An Empirical Study in Nanning, South China
Authors: Zhou You , Yao Yuxin , Chu Zhen , Lei Zheng , Zheng Yun
Published: November 2024

Rural revitalization is a strategic plan to address sustainable rural development in China and is an important revitalization task for Chinese villages. Rural classification is a key strategy for clarifying the direction and positioning of rural development and providing scientific policy decision-making Based on the findings of previous research on rural classification, we propose a new method for rural classification—the filter-method classification system. The operational steps of the classification are as follows: determining the type of villages, implementing the qualitative filter-method, implementing the quantitative filter-method, testing and feedback, and formulating the development guidelines. A total of 1425 villages in Nanning, the capital city of Guangxi, were classified. The classification results show that villages in Nanning city can be divided into four primary categories and eight secondary categories. The accuracy of the primary categories in the classification results was tested to verify the scientific objectivity and applicability of the classification idea and mode. Finally, development suggestions are presented based on the results of the classification of villages. The study results provide a reference for further rural classification work to help rural revitalization and improve the rural classification methodology and the scientific objectivity of classification. It also provides the basis for sustainable monitoring of rural development.
Microbial Indoor Air Quality Within Greenhouses and Polytunnels Is Crucial for Sustainable Horticulture (Malopolska Province, Poland Conditions)
Authors: Kozdrój Jacek , Ropek Dariusz Roman , Frączek Krzysztof , Bulski Karol , Breza-Boruta Barbara
Published: November 2024

Sustainable horticulture is crucially based on the greenhouse production of vegetables under controlled conditions. In this study, we wanted to learn how cultivated plants may impact indoor air quality and whether the workers can be exposed to bioaerosols in a similar way in these settings. The study objective was to test the hypothesis that the microbial concentrations, distribution of bioaerosol particle sizes, and composition of the airborne microbiome are specific to greenhouses, polytunnels, and open-air sites. The air samples were collected to assess the concentration of total culturable bacteria (TCB), fungi, actinomycetes, and β-haemolytic bacteria and for the identification of bacterial and fungal strains. Higher concentrations of TCB and fungi were found in the greenhouse (log 3.71 and 3.49 cfu m−3, respectively) than in polytunnels (log 2.60–2.48 and 2.51–2.31 cfu m−3, respectively) during the vegetation of cucumbers. These airborne microbes were represented by a significant contribution of the respirable fraction with a distinct contribution of fine particles in size below 4.7 µm. Cultivation of cucumbers resulted in the higher emission of airborne microorganisms in contrast with growing herbs such as oregano and basil. In total, 35 different bacteria and 12 fungal species, including pathogenic or allergenic agents, were identified within the studied sites. The workers can be exposed to increased concentrations of TCB and fungi in the greenhouse during the plant vegetation. It might be recommended to properly manage greenhouses and polytunnels, dispose of dust sources, and maintain appropriate ventilation to sustain relevant air quality.
Brand Trust in the Mongolian Cashmere Industry
Authors: Batsukh Baigalzaya , Chen Fei
Published: November 2024

Brand trust holds significant importance in the Mongolian cashmere industry. This study examines the primary predictors of customer brand trust among Mongolian cashmere users. Our research includes a survey with 815 participants, both Mongolian cashmere users and non-users. We utilized an online platform to reach the participants, employing convenience sampling. The study investigates the relationship between various factors and brand trust within the context of Mongolian cashmere brands. Our analysis confirmed that brand quality and commitment to environmental responsibility significantly increase consumer trust. These results offer valuable implications for cashmere brands aiming to bolster consumer trust and foster loyalty.
A Three-Party Dynamic Pricing Mechanism for Customized Data Products Based on the Stackelberg Game and Bargaining Model
Authors: Chen Yanfeng , Liu Minchao , Zhang Jiayi , Tan Aiping , Wang Yan
Published: November 2024

In the era of big data, breaking down data silos to enable efficient data transactions has become essential, with the fairness and transparency of pricing mechanisms being paramount. This study addresses these challenges by introducing a novel tripartite pricing model for customized data products that integrates the Stackelberg and bargaining game frameworks. By designing distinct utility functions for buyers, sellers, and the platform, the model effectively aligns the varying objectives of each participant. A dynamic adjustment mechanism further enhances this model by adaptively recalibrating the guidance price and pricing range based on real-time updates to buyer budgets and seller offers, thus ensuring fairness and responsiveness throughout the negotiation process. Experimental simulations comprising 100 transaction rounds across diverse buyer–seller profiles validate the model’s effectiveness, achieving a transaction success rate of 92.70% with an average of 6.86 bargaining rounds. These findings underscore the model’s capacity to optimize transaction outcomes, promote pricing equity, and enhance bargaining efficiency. The proposed model has broad applications in sectors such as finance, healthcare, and e-commerce, where precise data pricing mechanisms are essential to maximize transactional value.
The Test–Retest Reliability of a Belt-Fixated Dynamometer for Assessing Maximal Knee Strength, Inter-Limb Asymmetries, and Hamstring–Quadriceps Ratios
Authors: Nedović Nenad , Jovanović Stevan , Vujičić Danilo , Bishop Chris , Kozinc Žiga
Published: November 2024

Evaluating maximal strength, inter-limb asymmetries, and the hamstring-to-quadriceps (HQ) ratio is essential for identifying strength deficits in athletes. This cross-sectional study assessed the test–retest (inter-visit) reliability of the EasyForce dynamometer for knee extension and flexion strength in 21 young healthy participants (11 women and 10 men; age = 19.4 ± 0.7 years). The dynamometer demonstrated excellent relative reliability, with ICC values of 0.99 for knee extension and 0.95–0.98 for knee flexion. Absolute reliability was also acceptable (typical error = 5.63–16.44 N; coefficient of variation = 3.94–6.80%). Reliability for inter-limb asymmetries (ICC = 0.90) and HQ ratios (ICC = 0.91–0.92) was good to excellent. Agreement for inter-limb asymmetry direction between visits was excellent for knee extension (κ = 0.90) and substantial for knee flexion (κ = 0.71). These findings suggest that EasyForce is reliable for assessing muscle strength, inter-limb asymmetries, and HQ ratios in physically active adults. Future research should explore the broader applicability of EasyForce in muscle strength assessment, particularly for professional athletes and during rehabilitation.
Surveillance of Emerging Rodent-Borne Pathogens in Wastewater in Taiwan: A One Health Approach
Authors: Tsai Kun-Hsien , Yen Tsai-Ying , Tung Hsin-Hsin , Ho Amy , Chien Yang-Ta , Wang Chung-Yu , Kang Shu-Wei , Juan Ning-Ning , Lin Fang-Ling
Published: November 2024

Leptospirosis and hantavirus syndrome are two major rodent-borne diseases in Taiwan. Rocahepevirus ratii (RHEV), a virus closely related to hepatitis E virus (HEV, Paslahepevirus balayani), is emerging and has been reported to cause hepatitis in humans. We employed wastewater-based epidemiology to actively monitor rodent-borne pathogens, and the correlations with human cases were evaluated. Wastewater was collected using grab sampling at 11 sites along a sewer system including influents and effluents at a wastewater treatment plant in Tamsui, New Taipei City, Taiwan, monthly during June 2023 to May 2024. The presence of pathogens was examined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The result showed an overall positivity rate of 38.2% (50/131). Leptospira was detected most often (48/131, 36.6%), and RHEV and hantaviruses were found once each during the study period. Sequencing identified Leptospira interrogans close to isolates from rodents and human cases, while sequences of hantavirus and RHEV were most similar to isolates from rodents. No significant correlation was found with human cases or positive samples for rodent DNA. Here, we present an example of a One Health approach applying wastewater to environmental surveillance for the early detection and prevention of emerging diseases.
IPEC-J2 Autophagy Induced by TLR4 and NSP6 Interactions Facilitate Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Replication
Authors: Zhao Haiyuan , Zheng Dianzhong , Chang Qinyuan , Zhang Hailin , Shao Yilan , Li Jiaxuan , Cui Wen , Jiang Yanping , Tang Lijie , Li Yijing , Wang Xiaona
Published: November 2024

Autophagy is an important cellular response against intracellular pathogens. However, some viruses have evolved mechanisms to hijack this defensive process to provide favorable conditions for virus replication in host cells. The porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) has been shown to alter autophagy pathways; however, it is still unknown through which receptors PEDV induces autophagy in IPEC-J2 cells, whether autophagy facilitates PEDV replication, and which functional domains of PEDV proteins are primarily responsible for inducing autophagy. Here, we found that PEDV infection induces autophagy in host cells via distinct and uncoupled molecular pathways. RNA-seq technology was used to analyze the expression patterns of intracellular genes in PEDV-infected IPEC-J2 cells using transcriptomics. The results demonstrate that PEDV triggers autophagy via the cellular pathogen receptor TLR4 and the AKT-mTOR pathway. As evidenced by autophagosome detection, PEDV infection increases autophagosomes and light chain 3 (LC3)-II as well as downregulated AKT-mTOR phosphorylation. Our study revealed that the binding of the viral protein NSP61-2C (56-151aa) to TLR4 triggers autophagy and inactivates the AKT-mTOR pathway, both of which are critical for facilitating PEDV infection. Through screening and analysis, TLR4 was found to be a key gene involved in PEDV-induced autophagy. The screening of the key functional domains of NSP6 (56-151aa) for their ability to induce autophagy in IPEC-J2 cells provided a basis for the in-depth analysis of the pathogenic mechanism of PEDV infection-induced autophagy and promotion of self-replication and also provided an important target for the study of PEDV antiviral drugs. In conclusion, we elucidated that the PEDV infection of IPEC-J2 cells could induce autophagy and found that PEDV could use autophagy to promote its own replication.
Special Issue: Research on Herpes Virus Fusion and Entry
Authors: Atanasiu Doina , Cairns Tina M.
Published: November 2024

Herpesviridae comprise a large family of enveloped DNA viruses with a unifying ability to establish a latent infection in their host [...]
Interest and Expectations for a Herpes Vaccine Among People Diagnosed with Genital HSV 1-2 Infection: Results from an Italian Survey
Authors: Lisac Lovel , Raccagni Angelo Roberto , Lolatto Riccardo , Passini Flavia , Maci Chiara , Bruzzesi Elena , Moschetta Nicolò , Castagna Antonella , Nozza Silvia
Published: November 2024

Genital herpes simplex virus (HSV) is associated with a reduction in quality of life and adverse outcomes. The aim of this study is to assess the interest and expectations for a therapeutic HSV vaccine among individuals diagnosed with genital herpes in Italy. A retrospective survey was conducted at the Infectious Diseases Unit of the IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy. The study collected data on demographics, clinical history and interest in HSV vaccination. The results showed that 87.5% of participants were interested in a therapeutic vaccine, with interest higher among younger people and those with frequent genital herpes recurrences. Participants most expected the vaccine to reduce the pain associated with outbreaks, followed by a reduction in the frequency and duration of recurrences. These findings underscore the strong demand for a therapeutic HSV vaccine, especially among those who experience recurrent outbreaks, and highlight the importance of considering patient expectations when developing preventive and therapeutic strategies for genital herpes.
Newcastle Disease Virus Expressing Cap Gene of Porcine Circovirus Type 2 Confers Protection in Mice and Induced Long-Lasting Neutralizing Antibodies in Pigs
Authors: Dey Sohini , Murugasamy Rudhreswaran , Buragohain Lukumoni , D’silva Ajai Lawrence , Sarma Jayashree , Bharali Arpita , Ramakrishnan Saravanan , Saminathan Mani , Barman Nagendra Nath , Vakharia Vikram N. , Chellappa Madhan Mohan
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: Porcine Circovirus 2 (PCV2) infection poses significant health and economic challenges to the global swine industry. The disease in pigs leads to lymphoid depletion, resulting in immunosuppression and increased susceptibility to co-infections with other bacterial and viral pathogens. This study evaluated the efficacy of two novel recombinant Newcastle disease virus (NDV) strain R2B vectored vaccines that express the cap gene of PCV2 alone and along with the transmembrane and cytoplasmic tail (TMCT) domains of the NDV F gene. The efficacy of the vaccine candidates was studied in mouse and pig models. Methods: Six-week-old BALB/c mice were divided into five groups and immunized intramuscularly three times at 14-day intervals with various vaccine candidates, namely rNDV-R2B-PCVcap-TMCT, rNDV-R2B-PCVcap, and CircoFLEX commercial vaccine, along with controls. Following immunization and PCV2d virus challenge, multiple assays assessed the immune responses in animal trials. In the pig animal trial, pigs were divided into four groups: a control group (PBS), NDV-vectored PCVcap-TMCT group, NDV-vectored-PCVcap group, and CircoFLEX vaccine group. Pigs were immunized intramuscularly twice at 28-day intervals. Blood samples were collected at regular intervals over 70 days to evaluate the humoral and cell-mediated immune responses. Results: Both mice and pigs’ trials indicated that the NDV-vectored PCV2 cap-TMCT vaccine candidate elicited superior immune responses. In mice, the rNDV-R2B-PCVcap-TMCT group showed enhanced humoral and cellular immunity, increased PCV2-specific antibody levels, higher CD4+/CD8+ ratio, elevated IFN-γ and TNF-α levels, decreased IL-10 levels, reduced viral loads, and minimal histopathological changes. In pigs, the NDV-vectored PCVcap-TMCT group demonstrated better antibody responses, cytokine profiles (IFN-γ and IL-10), and higher levels of PCV2-specific neutralizing antibodies against the PCV2a, PCV2b and PCV2d genotypes when compared to other groups. Conclusions: These findings suggest NDV-vectored PCVcap-TMCT vaccine candidate, expressing the cap gene of PCV2 along with the TMCT domain, offers a promising alternative for protecting against PCV2 infection, potentially addressing the challenges posed by emerging PCV2 strains in the swine industry.
A Comprehensive Evaluation of the HPV Neutralizing Antibodies in Guangzhou, China: A Comparative Study on Various HPV Vaccines
Authors: Zha Renyun , Liao Conghui , Lin Daner , Zhao Lixuan , Chen Yanfang , Yao Lin , Li Xiaokang , Yi Boyang , Li Ting , Xiao Jianpeng , Hu Yan , Chen Zeliang , Guo Cheng , Lu Jianyun , Lu Jiahai
Published: November 2024

Background: The evaluation of HPV vaccine effectiveness is essential for informing public health strategies, yet there remains a gap in understanding humoral immune responses generated by different HPV vaccine formulations in regional populations. This study addresses this gap by evaluating the immunogenicity of the newly developed HPV vaccine Cecolin (Wantai), alongside various imported vaccines, including bivalent, quadrivalent, and nonavalent options available in China. Methods: From March 2023 to June 2024, a total of 352 participants were enrolled, including 87 females aged 9–14 years who received two doses of the bivalent HPV vaccine (Cecolin), 215 females aged 15–45 years who were fully vaccinated with various HPV vaccines, and 50 non-recipients. Follow-up assessments were conducted at six timepoints during the administration of Cecolin. Serum was collected at enrollment and at each follow-up visit for antibody assessments using a pseudovirion-based neutralization assay (PBNA). Findings: The longitudinal follow-up of females aged 9–14 years revealed a 100% conversion rate for neutralizing antibodies against HPV types 16 and 18 after the second dose, compared to 94.3% and 97.1% conversion rates six months after the first dose. Compared to participants who received full doses of quadrivalent and nonavalent vaccines, females who received two or three doses of Cecolin exhibited higher neutralizing antibody geometric mean titers (GMTs) and non-vaccine-type (HPV31 and HPV33) antibody seroconversion rates. Interpretation: The domestically produced HPV vaccine Cecolin in China demonstrates strong immunogenicity and holds promise for the large-scale vaccination of females in developing countries to prevent cervical cancer.
First-in-Human Phase I Trial to Assess the Safety and Immunogenicity of an Orf Virus-Based COVID-19 Vaccine Booster
Authors: Esen Meral , Fischer-Herr Johanna , Gabor Julian Justin , Gaile Johanna Marika , Fleischmann Wim Alexander , Smeenk Geerten Willem , de Moraes Roberta Allgayer , Bélard Sabine , Calle Carlos Lamsfus , Woldearegai Tamirat Gebru , Egger-Adam Diane , Haug Verena , Metz Carina , Reguzova Alena , Löffler Markus W. , Balode Baiba , Matthies Lars C. , Ramharter Michael , Amann Ralf , Kremsner Peter G.
Published: November 2024

The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 has necessitated the development of versatile vaccines capable of addressing evolving variants. Prime-2-CoV_Beta, a novel Orf virus-based COVID-19 vaccine, was developed to express the SARS-CoV-2 spike and nucleocapsid antigens. This first-in-human, phase I, dose-finding clinical trial was conducted to assess the safety, reactogenicity, and immunogenicity of Prime-2-CoV_Beta as a booster in healthy adults. From June 2022 to June 2023, 60 participants in Germany received varying doses of Prime-2-CoV_Beta. The study demonstrated a favorable safety profile, with no serious adverse events (AEs) reported. All AEs were mild (107) or moderate (10), with the most common symptoms being pain at the injection site, fatigue, and headache. Immunogenicity assessments revealed robust vaccine-induced antigen-specific immune responses. High doses notably elicited significant increases in antibodies against the spike and nucleocapsid proteins as well as neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 and its variants. Additionally, the vaccine did not induce ORFV-neutralizing antibodies, indicating the potential for repeated administration. In conclusion, Prime-2-CoV_Beta was safe, well tolerated, and immunogenic, demonstrating potential as a broadly protective vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 and its variants. These promising results support further evaluation of higher doses and additional studies to confirm efficacy and long-term protection. This trial was registered at ClinicalTrials, NCT05389319.
Origin of Intercrystalline Brine Formation in the Balun Mahai Basin, Qaidam: Constraints from Geochemistry and H-O-Sr Isotopes
Authors: Feng Ning , Qin Xiwei , Ma Yuliang , Pan Tong , Chen Jianzhou , Ding Chengwang , Jiang Ziwen , Zhang Dong , Liu Chenglin , Li Qingkuan , Ren Erfeng , Zhang Fan
Published: November 2024

The Balun Mahai Basin (BLMH), located in the northern Qaidam Basin (QB), is endowed with substantial brine resources; however, the genetic mechanisms and potential of these brine resources remain inadequately understood. This study investigated the intercrystalline brine (inter-brine) in BLMH, performing a comprehensive geochemical analysis of elemental compositions and H-O-Sr isotopes. It evaluated the water source, solute origin, evolutionary process, and genetic model associated with this brine. Moreover, a mass balance equation based on the 87Sr/86Sr isotopic ratio was developed to quantitatively evaluate the contributions of Ca-Cl water and river water to the inter-brine in the study area. The results suggest that the hydrochemical type of inter-brine in the north part of BLMH is Cl-SO4-type and in the south part is Ca-Cl-type. The solutes in brine are mainly derived from the dissolution of minerals such as halite, sylvite, and gypsum. The hydrochemical process of brine is controlled by evaporation concentration, water–rock interaction, and ion exchange interaction. Hydrogen and oxygen isotopes suggest that the inter-brine originates from atmospheric precipitation or ice melt water and has experienced intense evaporation concentration and water–rock interaction. The strontium isotopes suggest that the inter-brine was affected by the recharge and mixing of Ca-Cl water and river water, which controlled the spatial distribution and formation of brine hydrochemical types. The analysis of ionic ratios suggest that the inter-brine is derived from salt dissolution and filtration, characterized by poor sealing and short sealing time in the salt-bearing formation. The differences in hydrochemical types and spatial distribution between the north and the south are fundamentally related to the replenishment and mixing of these two sources, which can be summarized as mixed origin model of “dissolution and filtration replenishment + deep replenishment” in BLMH.
Epiplastic Algal Communities on Different Types of Polymers in Freshwater Bodies: A Short-Term Experiment in Karst Lakes
Authors: Vodeneeva Ekaterina , Pichugina Yulia , Zhurova Darja , Sharagina Ekaterina , Kulizin Pavel , Zhikharev Vyacheslav , Okhapkin Alexander , Ermakov Stanislav
Published: November 2024

The increasing amount of plastic debris in water ecosystems provides a new substrate (epiplastic microhabitats) for aquatic organisms. The majority of research about epiplastic communities has focused on seawater environments, while research is still quite limited and scattered concerning freshwater systems. In this study, we analyze the first stages of colonization on different types of plastic by a periphytic algae community (its composition and dominant species complex) in freshwater bodies located in a nature reserve (within the Middle Volga Basin). A four-week-long incubation experiment on common plastic polymers (PET, LDPE, PP, and PS), both floating and dipped (~1 m), was conducted in two hydrologically connected karst water bodies in July 2023. The composition of periphytic algae was more diverse (due to the presence of planktonic, benthic, and periphytic species) than the phytoplankton composition found in the water column, being weakly similar to it (less than 30%). Significant taxonomic diversity and the dominant role of periphytic algae were noted for diatoms (up to 60% of the total composition), cyanobacteria (up to 35%), and green (including Charophyta) algae (up to 25%). The composition and structure of periphytic algae communities were distinct between habitats (biotope specificity) but not between the types of plastic, determined primarily by a local combination of factors. Statistically significant higher values of abundance and biomass were demonstrated for some species, particularly for Oedogonium on PP and Nitzschia on LDPE (p-value ≤ 0.05). As colonization progressed, the number of species, abundance, and dominance of individual taxa increased. In hydrologically connected habitats, different starts of colonization are possible, as well as different types of primary succession (initiated by potentially toxic planktonic cyanobacteria or benthic cyanobacteria and mobile raphid diatoms). Within the transparency zone, colonization was more active on the surface (for example, in relation to green algae on PP (p-value ≤ 0.05)). These results indicate a tendency for microalgae communities to colonize actively submerged plastic materials in freshwater, and they may be useful in assessing the ecological status of these aquatic ecosystems.
An Assessment of Drinking Water Quality in the Chief Albert Luthuli Local Municipality, South Africa: A Case Study of the Elukwatini Water Supply Scheme
Authors: Sigudu Themba Titus , Mundackal Antony Jino , Makhubedu Mankopodi Mahlako
Published: November 2024

This study analysed the water quality of 156 samples collected from 13 different points within the Chief Albert Luthuli Local Municipality between January and December 2021, focusing on compliance with the South African National Standard 241 (SANS 241). Microbiological assessments revealed widespread contamination, with heterotrophic plate counts (HPCs) exceeding the recommended range in nearly all samples. The median HPC levels were particularly concerning, with the untreated source (RE000) exhibiting a median of 2555 CFU/mL. Total coliforms and Escherichia coli were present at alarming levels, indicating significant faecal contamination; the highest total coliform count, 2420 CFU/100 mL, was recorded at RE000. Physically, while all samples complied with electrical conductivity standards (0–70 µS/cm), turbidity levels showed variability, with nine samples exceeding the acceptable threshold of 1 NTU. The highest turbidity, 7.55 NTU, was recorded at the untreated source (RE000). Chemically, pH levels fell within safe ranges (6.0–9.0), with all samples being compliant with standards. However, only one sample (E001) met the free chlorine standard of 0.3–0.6 mg/L, suggesting inadequate disinfection practices. The untreated source was classified as ‘Unsuitable for drinking’ (WQI = 207.27). These findings highlight the critical need for enhanced monitoring and remediation strategies to improve drinking water safety in the region.