bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparing basal area growth models for Norway spruce and Scots pine dominated stands
Authors: Goude Martin , Nilsson Urban , Mason Euan , Vico Giulia
Published: July 2022

Models that predict forest development are essential for sustainable forest management. Constructing growth models via regression analysis or fitting a family of sigmoid equations to construct compatible growth and yield models are two ways these models can be developed. In this study, four species-specific models were developed and compared. A compatible growth and yield stand basal area model and a five-year stand basal area growth model were developed for Scots pine ( L.) and Norway spruce ( (L.) Karst.). The models were developed using data from permanent inventory plots from the Swedish national forest inventory and long-term experiments. The species-specific models were compared, using independent data from long-term experiments, with a stand basal area growth model currently used in the Swedish forest planning system Heureka (Elfving model). All new models had a good, relatively unbiased fit. There were no apparent differences between the models in their ability to predict basal area development, except for the slightly worse predictions for the Norway spruce growth model. The lack of difference in the model comparison showed that despite the simplicity of the compatible growth and yield models, these models could be recommended, especially when data availability is limited. Also, despite using more and newer data for model development in this study, the currently used Elfving model was equally good at predicting basal area. The lack of model difference indicate that future studies should instead focus on model development for heterogeneous forests which are common but lack in growth and yield modelling research.Pinus sylvestrisPicea abies
Limit cycles of planar piecewise linear Hamiltonian differential systems with two or three zones
Authors: Pessoa Claudio , Ribeiro Ronisio
Published: July 2022

In this paper, we study the existence of limit cycles in continuous and discontinuous planar piecewise linear Hamiltonian differential system with two or three zones separated by straight lines and such that the linear systems that define the piecewise one have isolated singular points, i.e. centers or saddles. In this case, we show that if the planar piecewise linear Hamiltonian differential system is either continuous or discontinuous with two zones, then it has no limit cycles. Now, if the planar piecewise linear Hamiltonian differential system is discontinuous with three zones, then it has at most one limit cycle, and there are examples with one limit cycle. More precisely, without taking into account the position of the singular points in the zones, we present examples with the unique limit cycle for all possible combinations of saddles and centers.
Fixed-time and state-dependent time discontinuities in the theory of Stieltjes differential equations
Authors: Satco Bianca
Published: July 2022

In the present paper, we are concerned with a very general problem, namely the Stieltjes differential Cauchy problem involving state-dependent discontinuities. Given that the theory of Stieltjes differential equations covers the framework of impulsive problems with fixed-time impulses, in the present work we generalize this setting by allowing the occurrence of fixed-time impulses, as well as the occurrence of state-dependent impulses. Along with an existence result obtained under an overarching set of assumptions involving Stieltjes integrals, it is showed that a least and a greatest solution can be found.
C

1
,
γ

regularity for fully nonlinear elliptic equations on a convex polyhedron
Authors: Wu Duan , Niu Pengcheng
Published: July 2022

In this note, we prove the boundary and global

C

1
,
γ

regularity for viscosity solutions of fully nonlinear uniformly elliptic equations on a convex polyhedron by perturbation and iteration techniques.
The Initial Stages of Studying the Archaeological Monuments of the Pazyryk Culture in Altai
Authors: Novozhilova E.N.
Published: July 2022

The results of the history of the study of archaeological monuments of the Pazyryk culture at the initial stages of research in Altai are presented. It is noted the importance of the tasks set in the generalization of the obtained experience in the analysis of the scientific research of predecessors studying the Pazyryk culture. The professional activity of archaeologists S.I. Rudenko, M.P. Gryaznov, S.V. Kiselev and others had a special importance in this period. In the absence of written sources, archaeological artifacts are the basis for historical reconstructions of ancient societies, which is why archaeological excavations to obtain mass material were necessary to solve a number of problems. Researches of the First Pazyryk barrow became a real sensation in the world scientific community and opened a page of studying of ancient monuments of Altai for many years. The historical achievements in the discovery of the Pazyryk group of barrows and other archaeological objects of this culture, which still have a significant scientific and informative potential, are highlighted.
Collection of Ceramics from the Excavations of V.A. Mogilnikov in the Krasnogorsk District of the Altai Territory (Based on the Materials of the Altai State Museum of Local Lore)
Authors: Radovsky S.S. , Narudtseva E.A.
Published: July 2022

The article deals with ceramic collections from the Altai State Museum of Local Lore (ASMLL), obtained during the research of Vladislav A. Mogilnikov in Krasnogorsk district of the Altai Region. To date the museum collection holds from three sites related to the field work of the archaeologist: Gornal (Gernal) [ASMLL MC (Main Collection) 13187/1-2], Surtayka [ASMLL MC 13187/3-25] and Pilno [ASMLL MC 14788/1-27]. Judging by the decoration and ornamentation of tableware, the materials of the first monument are associated with the Irmenian culture (12th-8th cc. BC). The other two sites relate to the Bystryan culture of the northern foothills of the Altai Scythian-Saka period (6th-3rd (2nd) centuries BC). The collections presented in the article expand the range of sources on the history of the region in the Late Bronze Age and Early Iron Age. The results of V.A. Mogilnikov's little-studied fieldwork in Altai are one of the results of this work. In this regard, the continuation of research to introduce into scientific circulation of new materials related to the activities of the archaeologist in the territory under study has certain prospects.
Early Medieval Burial of a Horse from Western Tuva (Based on Excavations by M.Kh. Mannai-ool)
Authors: Seregin N.N. , Mongush K.M.
Published: July 2022

The article presents the materials of horse burial, excavated as part of the Chazy complex. The study of this site, located in Western Tuva, was carried out by the expedition of the Tuva Research Institute of Language, Literature and History under the leadership of M.Kh. Mannai-ool in 1969. The authors concern a detailed description of the published object attributed to the archaeological culture of the early medieval Turks. Peculiar features of the horse burial are the absence of a skull, as well as a position of animal on the back. The dating of the complex, based on the time of existence of the discovered iron stirrups, is determined within the second half of the 7th-8th centuries AD. It has been established that this object remains the only under-kurgan horse burial of the Early Middle Ages excavated on the territory of Tuva. It has been suggested that the appearance of such a tradition in the designated region is associated with the influence of the Altai Turks. Such sites are quite widespread there.
Practice in the Pedagogical Class of the Barnaul First Women's Gymnasium in the Beginning of the 20th Century
Authors: Bogdanov E.D. , Churkin M.K.
Published: July 2022

Modernization, which consisted in the transition from feudalism to capitalism in post-reform Russia, had a significant impact on education. Due to the fact that the Russian Empire was a classic world economy with a large city at its center, it varied in the development of different territories. In the Tomsk Province, as well as in the center of the country, there was a large city — Tomsk, and smaller cities in the same way included the surrounding territories in their sphere of economic and socio-cultural influence. In order to replenish the staff, pedagogical classes were organized in gymnasiums. They were of particular relevance for Siberia, where there was only one university at the beginning of the 20th century. Detailed sources remained on the pedagogical class of the Barnaul First Women's Gymnasium. In this regard, it is relevant to study this topic on the materials of this gymnasium. The preserved protocols of the trial lessons contain information about the requirements for teachers and students in pedagogical class. The experience of prerevolutionary gymnasiums can be useful in our time.
Состояние врачебной части медико-санитарной службы в сельских районах Акмолинской и Семипалатинской областей Степного края (1890-е — 1917 г.)
Authors: Vlasova A.I.
Published: July 2022

Based on published and unpublished sources the article analyzes the state of the health care system in the rural areas of Akmola and Semipalatinsk Regions of the Steppe Governor-General's Office at the turn of the 19th-20th centuries. After the activation of the resettlement movement the peasants settled the rural areas in the steppe actively, which led to the division of areas into medical districts and the creation of a system of rural-medical care. Doctors, medical assistants, and midwives began to provide medical care in county towns. In the course of their work, they encountered a number of problems, among which was the question of the discrepancy between the salary and the duties performed. These difficulties affected the quality and quantity of medical personnel in the rural areas of the Steppe Territory, where the staffing issue was acute. In addition, the situation related to the material and technical equipment of medical institutions remained difficult, since the lack of the necessary number of hospitals had a negative impact on the quality of medical care received by the residents.
The Importance of the Position of an Exhibition Organizer at the Association of Artists-Peredvizhniki (on the Example of A.D. Chirkin's Activities in 1872-1881)
Authors: Kolokolceva N.Yu. , Valkova K.V. , Pyanzina I.V.
Published: July 2022

The article is devoted to the consideration of organizational issues related to the implementation of the mobile form of exhibition activity of the Society for Travelling Art Exhibitions in the first decade of its existence. The special role of the Commissioner for the organization of exhibitions or the organizer of exhibitions in the coordination of these issues is noted. The experience of organizing the First Traveling Exhibition in 1871-1872 showed the need to attract to the Society a person who understands art and is ready to assume the responsibilities associated with exhibiting in the province for a nominal fee. The article presents a description of the main tasks that fell within the scope of activity of the first manager Alexander Dmitrievich Chirkin. The tasks went far beyond the mere support of exhibitions and expanded over time. A.D. Chirkin was an intermediary between the artists of the Society and the public, the success of the Peredvizhniki (The Wanderers) directly depended on his organizational talent and boundless love for art. The conclusion is made that the significance of the personality of the steward in the business of the Society is not appreciated, since it was with the accompanying person in power and the public in the province that the Peredvizhniki were associated.
The Vendee Rebellion and Its Place in the History of European Regional Antirevolutionary and Counterrevolutionary Movements
Authors: Rocchi T.
Published: July 2022

The western French department of the Vendee occupies a special place among the regional counterrevolutionary and antirevolutionary movements in the history of European revolutions. The Vendee peasant royalist rebellion, between 1793-1796, under the leadership of the nobility and Catholic clergy, has made the region a synonym for mass lower-class counterrevolutions. This article examines several aspects of the Vendee rebellion in the history of the French Revolution. The accusations of certain scholars about a policy of genocide by the Jacobin government of the region’s population arouses heated debates among contemporary historians. Many historians do recognize the massiveness of the repressions but they object to use of the term genocide. The Vendee rebellion has elements of similarity with many other regional counterrevolutionary and anti-revolutionary movements emerging already in the first months after the taking of the Bastille on July 14, 1789 and with the many revolutionary «federalist» movements of the departments in 1793 against Parisian and local Jacobins. All these movements contained elements of civil war between different groupings of the population, especially between opponents and supporters of the revolution. A deeper study of the Vendee rebellion helps us more objectively understand the questions of regional identities, the consolidation of the French political nation, civil wars within revolutions, the dynamics of antirevolutionary and counterrevolutionary movements, and the diversities of mass violence.
Participation of the Organization of the Islamic Conference in the Settlement of the Bosnian Crisis of 1992-1995
Authors: Savoskin A.M. , Kurnykin O.Yu.
Published: July 2022

The Bosnian Crisis became a milestone in the process of disintegration of Yugoslavia. An important role in the development and settlement of the conflict was played by external actors, represented both by the countries of the West, as well as NATO and the EU, and by the Muslim community, which actively supported their co-religionists in Bosnia. On behalf of the latter, the Organization of the Islamic Conference (OIC, since 2011 — the Organization of Islamic Cooperation), which is the most authoritative and representative Muslim international organization, spoke. The position of the OIC, its interaction with the Bosnian leadership and other parties to the conflict significantly influenced the outcome of the Bosnian Crisis, despite the fact that most researchers tend to classify the OIC as a secondary participant in the process. The topic of the Bosnian conflict became one of the key ones at several conferences of foreign ministers of the OIC member countries, and the consolidated position of Muslim states developed at them in support of the Bosnians, according to the authors, prompted other stakeholders in the issue of resolving the conflict to more decisive action. The organization itself pursued the goal of including Bosnia and Herzegovina in its sphere of influence, but in the future this Balkan state will never become a member of the OIC, being content with observer status to this day. Nevertheless, the impact of international Islamic structures and, above all, the OIC on the course of hostilities and the political settlement in Bosnia and Herzegovina was a significant factor that retained its significance in the post-war period. Thus, the study of the history of interaction between the OIC and the Bosnian side seems relevant in order to identify the role and influence of the Islamic world on political processes in the Western Balkans and, above all, in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Jewelry in Kazakh Culture: Transformation of Traditions in Modern Conditions
Authors: Shalginbaeva S.H. , Boyarintseva X.E.
Published: July 2022

Jewelry for many centuries to the present is a valuable material for the study of the history of the people, they are not only aesthetically, but also spiritually filled with sacred semantic meaning, identification of elements of art with the surrounding world, representing one of the forms of language in which communication takes place with the help of signs and symbols, enclosed not only in the decor and ornamentation, but also the material itself.

The role and place of national jewelry in modernity is considered according to the results of a sociological survey conducted by means of a questionnaire, by means of personal transmission and filling out questionnaires, as well as the Internet, an online survey system among the Kazakh population.

The purpose of the survey was to study the degree of use of national ornaments in modern times, as well as the respondents' understanding of the sacred and symbolic meanings contained in them. As a result of the analysis of the materials, the authors came to the conclusion that national jewelry is worn more often by middle-aged women, silver is preferred among metals. Of the stones, precious ones dominate, ornaments and sacred-symbolic meaning in jewelry are not given due attention by the respondents. Currently, middle-aged women prefer Kazakh jewelry, purchasing silver jewelry with precious stones, without paying attention to the sacred and symbolic meaning in jewelry.
Problems of Studying the Purpose of Disks with Concentric Ornament in Russian Archaeology
Authors: Ekkerdt A.A.
Published: July 2022

The article is devoted to a historiographical review of scientific works, which provides an analysis and purpose of disks with concentric ornament, common in the Urals and Siberia in the first half of the 1st millennium AD. The stages of the history of the study of bronze disks with concentric ornament with the definition of their purpose in a particular complex are distinguished and characterized. When describing each of the stages, the most significant works of the authors who worked during this period are given within the framework of the designated topic, the main ideas and concepts are highlighted. The author provides several points of view of researchers on the purpose of disks with concentric ornament. The first considers disks as elements of armor or armor. The second defines them as objects of ritual and religious practices. The third notes the purely aesthetic function of the discs as costume decorations. The fourth combines several interpretations about the place and role of these products in the life of the ancient population of Siberia, as well as the reflection of the idea of the calendar. As a result, it is concluded that currently there is no consensus about the purpose of disks with concentric ornament, and different researchers agree only that the local population of Siberia and the Urals used these imports differently.
THE EFFECT OF EXTRUSION PROCESSING ON THE PROTEIN COMPLEX OF FLAXSEED CAKE
Authors: Yanova Marina Anatolʹyevna , Snegireva Natalʹya Vladimirovna , Khizhnyak Sergey Vitalʹyevich
Published: July 2022

As objects of research, we used the products of processing of oil flax seeds of the varieties August, Isilkulsky, Legur, Sokol and LM-98, grown on the experimental field of the State Agrarian University of the Northern Trans-Urals, Tyumen (2020). Flaxseed cake is obtained by "cold" pressing of oil by pressing, extruded flaxseed cake by passing the previously obtained cake through the extruder. The amino acid composition was determined by capillary electrophoresis on an automatic amino acid analyzer of the KAREL brand.

14 amino acids have been identified, of which 8 are irreplaceable. The total amount of essential amino acids is higher in the Sokol and August varieties (linseed cake – 18.19 and 10.48%, extruded linseed cake – 9.92 and 7.29%, respectively). Of the essential amino acids found in flaxseed cake, the highest content differs: lysine (from 2.86 to 1.08%), phenylalanine (from 3.82 to 1.22%), leucine and isoleucine (3.88–1.49%) , valine (4.00–1.13%), threonine (2.30–1.52%) and, accordingly, in extruded flaxseed cake: lysine (from 1.60 to 0.72 %), phenylalanine (from 1.98 up to 1.06 %), leucine and isoleucine (1.96–1.08%), valine (1.93–0.912%), threonine (1.77–0.81%). The results obtained allow us to recommend extruded flaxseed cake for expanding the range of bakery and flour confectionery products.
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND ANTIOXIDANT POTENTIAL OF GRADE PO-TATO TUBERS
Authors: Аleksashina Sofʹya Anatolʹyevna , Makarova Nadezhda Viktorovna
Published: July 2022

One of the problems of modern society is the increasing detrimental effect of reactive oxygen species (ROS) on the cellular structure of the human body - the so-called oxidative stress. Potatoes are eaten almost everywhere and can become a stable and cheap source of natural antioxidants in the human body, thereby providing a preventive effect against chronic non-infectious diseases (oncology, diabetes mellitus, diseases of the cardiovascular system). To reduce the technological cycle of production at public catering enterprises, peeled potatoes are used. Of significant interest is the change in the antioxidant activity and chemical composition of such semi-finished potatoes, depending on the packaging option and storage time. It was found that the analyzed potato samples grown on the territory of the Samara region of the Volzhsky district really have antioxidant activity. The concept of the grade of the analyzed raw material affects such indicators as the content of phenols, acidity and mass fraction of reducing sugars. The highest accumulation of phenol content (up to 15 mg (GAE) / 100 g IP) was observed in the potato varieties Zekura and Red Lady. The last sample also showed a high level of flavonoid content (23 mg K / 100 g IP). A high value of the restoring force was shown by the variety Zekura (1.40 mM Fe2+ / 1 kg IS). Of all the analyzed objects, it was possible to determine the antiradical activity only for potatoes of the Leoni variety. Average batches of peeled potatoes were stored in several versions – with and without packaging.

Control points were set according to the terms and types of storage of potatoes. There was a sharp decline in vitamin C starting from the second storage options checkpoints. This can be explained by its instability under the influence of environmental factors (air oxygen, light, temperature, long storage time).
ELEMENTAL COMPOSITION OF THE PINUS SYLVESTRYS L., P. SIBIRICA DU TOUR AND P. PUMILA (PALL.) RE-GEL POLLEN
Authors: Shiretorova Valentina Germanovna , Erdyneeva Svetlana Arkadʹyevna , Radnaeva Larisa Dorzhiyevna
Published: July 2022

This paper presents a study of macro- (potassium, sodium, calcium, magnesium), microelements (copper, zinc, manganese, iron, nickel) and heavy metals (lead, cadmium, mercury) in the pollen of Scots pine, Siberian pine and dwarf pine, growing within the territory of the Republic of Buryatia. The quantitative content of elements in the studied in 2017-2020 samples was determined by the atomic absorption method using a SOLAAR M6 spectrophotometer after acid mineralization in the MARS 6 microwave system. The study of the elemental composition of Siberian pine and dwarf pine pollen is carried out for the first time. It has been shown that pollen, in comparison with needles, contains higher contents of potassium, copper, zinc and lower contents of calcium, which is probably due to the plant organism's need for these elements for normal growth and fertilization. The paper presents a biplot of PCA-analysis, reflecting the effect of atmospheric pollution on the accumulation of heavy metals in Scots pine pollen, which is expressed in an increased content of iron, lead, cadmium, mercury, and a reduced manganese in comparison with the background territories. Biplot also shows the dependence of the studied elements content on the species origin of pine pollen. In general, the content of toxic elements does not exceed the maximum permissible values, and the concentrations of macro- and microelements in pine pollen are within the sufficient or normal limits for the plants vital function. The data obtained can be considered as one of the plant raw materials ecological and sanitary-hygienic safety indicators for indicated plant species of the flora of Buryatia (Russia).
COMPARATIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF SOME PLANTS FAMILY HEATHER EXTRACTS AND THE EFFECTIVENESS OF METHODS FOR THEIR PRODUCTION
Authors: Matveeva Valeriya Igorevna , Ruchkina Anna Gennadʹyevna , Kobrakov Konstantin Ivanovich , Shpigun Liliya Konstantinovna , Shmakova Nataliya Sergeyevna
Published: July 2022

The paper presents new data related to the comparative study of water-alcohol leaf extracts of the heather plants family (highbush blueberry, lingonberry, heather). Leaf extracts were obtained by three methods, two of which were using ultrasonic emitters (an ultrasound bath and a submersible ultrasonic probe), the third method, thermal (traditional), was chosen as a comparison. The extracts are characterized by parameters as the total content of extractive substances, the sum of phenolic compounds, flavonoids, the dispersed phase size particles distribution determined by the method of dynamic light scattering, and a quantitative assessment of the integral antioxidant activity is given. It has been established that ultrasonic probing has a highest activity in extracting phenolic compounds and flavonoids from lingonberry leaves and heather grass, and at the same time the level of their antioxidant activity is inferior to the extracts obtained by the traditional method at which the plant raw materials is boiled with the extractant. The traditional thermal method is characterized by the highest values of the sum of extractives for all types of raw materials and average values for the sum of phenolic compounds and flavonoids. There are observed a significant increase in the content of particles with the size <1000 nm for "ultrasonic" lingonberry leaf extracts is compared to the traditional method, however this pattern is not fulfilled for other types of raw materials. All heather herb extracts have a high polydispersity and the greatest tendency to sediment formation during the storage.
SUBCRITICAL WATER AS A TOOL FOR OBTAINING PRODUCTS WITH HIGH ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY FROM PRODUCTION WASTE ON THE EXAMPLE OF OLIVE LEAVES (OLEA EUROPAEA L.)
Authors: Khizrieva Salima Salimovna , Borisenko Sergey Nikolaevich , Maksimenko Elena Vladimirovna , Zharkova Galina Vladimirovna , Borisenko Nikolay Ivanovich
Published: July 2022

Recently, “green chemistry” methods have been increasingly used to process agricultural waste in order to obtain products with high added value. In the presented work, the medium of subcritical water (SBW) was used to obtain (in the temperature range from 100 to 220 °C) extracts from the leaves of the olive (LO) of Olea europaea L. enriched with polyphenols and to assess their antioxidant activity (AOA). The use of medium of SBW for extraction processes allows not only to increase the extraction of secondary plant metabolites (SPM) from the plant matrix, but also to achieve a change in the phytochemical profile of extracts obtained in SBW. The dependence of the content of secondary plant metabolites (the sum of polyphenolic compounds and flavonoids) and AOA of extracts obtained at different temperatures in SBW and traditional aqueous-alcoholic extraction from olive leaves was studied. It was shown that the content of polyphenolic compounds and the AOA activity of the extracts depend on the extraction conditions. It has been demonstrated that the obtained extract from LO in medium of SBW at 220 °C contains the maximum amount of polyphenolic compounds and demonstrates the maximum AOA (EC50=26.9 μg/ml). The presented results demonstrate the promise of using SBW for obtaining extracts from LO with a high content of polyphenols for the development of pharmaceuticals and food additives with high AOA.
FLAVONOIDS AND LIGNANS FROM THE LEAVES OF NEPETA MULTIFIDA (LAMIACEAE) AND THEIR BIOAC-TIVITY
Authors: Kashchenko Nina Igorevna , Olennikov Daniil Nikolayevich
Published: July 2022

A perennial plant Nepeta multifida L. (syn. Schizonepeta multifida (L.) Briq.) is one of the most common species of the Lamiaceae family growing in Eastern Siberia and used in traditional oriental medicine. The chemical composition of N. multifida has not been sufficiently studied. Chromatographic separation of phenolic compounds of N. multifida leaves using column chromatography and preparative HPLC resulted in the isolation of sixteen compounds, including a new flavonoid identified as luteolin-7-O-(3′′,6′′-di-O-acetyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside. Known compounds were O-glycosides of luteolin and apigenin, rosmarinic acid, salvianolic acids A and B, and schizotenuin A. Quantitative analysis of N. multifida leaves by HPLC-UV assay showed the high content of rosmarinic acid (8.36–35.71 mg/g), luteolin-7-O-glucuronide (2.03–14.18 mg/g) and schizotenuin A (5.29–9.56 mg/g). The highest level of phenolic compounds was found in the flowering and fruiting phases. Using Ellman’s spectrophotometric method, it was found that N. multifida leaf extract and some compounds had antiacetylcholinesterase activity, and luteolin glycosides being the most active showed the level of concentration of half-maximal enzyme inhibition (IC50) 29.03–58.36 μg/mL. Thus, as a result of the present study, it was found that the leaves of N. multifida contain various groups of phenolic compounds capable of inhibiting the activity of acetylcholinesterase.
COMPONENT COMPOSITION AND ANTIRADICAL ACTIVITY OF INDIVIDUAL FRACTIONS OF THYMUS JENIS-SEENSIS ILJIN. ESSENTIAL OIL GROWING IN THE KRASNOYARSK TERRITORY
Authors: Efremov Aleksandr Alekseyevich , Zykova Ирина Дементьевна , Slashchinin Dmitriy Gennadʹyevich
Published: July 2022

By the method of exhaustive hydroparodistillation, essential oil was isolated from the aboveground part of Thymus jenisseensis Ilji), which grows on the territory of the Krasnoyarsk Territory. Separate fractions of essential oil were obtained depending on the duration of isolation. The composition of whole essential oil was established, the main components of which are borneol (17.9%), camphor (10.6%) and α-terpineol (10.8%), and the maximum content of borneol (30.5%) and α-terpineol (19.9%) was noted in the fourth fraction. For the first time, the antiradical properties of T.jenisseensis essential oil have been studied in a model reaction with a free stable 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical. It is shown that all the studied samples of essential oil exhibit antiradical activity (ARA), the value of which increases from 14.6% (first fraction) to 41.1% (fourth fraction). ARA of the fifth fraction was 35.4%, whole oil – 26.4%. An increase in antiradical activity was noted with a decrease in the number of monoterpenes and an increase in the content of oxygen-containing compounds in the composition of essential oil. The correlation coefficient (r) of APA on the content of oxygen-containing compounds was 0.99, for sesquiterpenes r=0.84, for monoterpenes r=-0.94.
HELIANTHUS ANNUUS L. APPLICATION AND PERSPECTIVES (REVIEW)
Authors: D'yakova Nina Alekseyevna , Dronova Anastasiya Vladimirovna
Published: July 2022

The literary review is devoted to one-year-old sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) - an annual herbaceous plant of the genus Sunflower (Helianthus L.), widely cultivated in the USA, Argentina, Turkey, Romania, the Russian Federation, mainly with the aim of obtaining oil from seeds. Russia produces up to 20.3% of one-year-old sunflower, which is one of the country's main food and technical crops. It accounts for over 80% of the sown areas of oilseeds, which are concentrated mainly in the Altai Territory, the Volga Region, the North Caucasus and the Central Black Earth Region. The review summarizes the information of the scientific literature on the chemical composition, biological activity of biologically active substances contained in different parts of one-year sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). The data presented in the review show a wide range of pharmacological effects of the plant Helianthus annuus L., including anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antibacterial, antiplasmodium, anti-ulcer, antihistamine, antidiarrheic, hypolipidemic, litholytic, nephrolytic, anxiolytic, antioxidant, anticancerogenic, A wide range of pharmacological activity is due to the rich chemical composition of roots, flowers, leaves of Helianthus annuus L., which are currently used mainly in folk medicine and are cheap, available raw materials, which are the waste of processing this actively cultivated agricultural crop in the Russian Federation, which provides prospects for developing quality standards of various parts of the plant Helianthus annuus L. and medicines based on them for implementation in the medical and pharmaceutical practice of our country.
EFFECT OF PROCESSING METHODS AND STORAGE TIME ON THE CONTENT OF ASCORBIC ACID IN BERRIES
Authors: Anisimova Oksana Sergeyevna
Published: July 2022

The article presents the results of a study of the dynamics of the content of ascorbic acid in berries of black and red currants and raspberries during storage in a frozen form and during conservation of berries grated with sugar. As objects of research, we used two varieties of red currant, black currant and raspberry. The ascorbic acid content served as a marker of the berry quality during storage. The analysis of ascorbic acid was carried out by the iodometric method according to the standard method. It was found that immediately after freezing, the loss of ascorbic acid is from 6 to 20%, which is significantly less than when grinding with sugar (65–97%). The decrease in the content of ascorbic acid in berries during storage occurs unevenly and after 6 months the concentration stabilizes. When storing frozen berries, additional losses of vitamin C in red and black currants averaged 83%, and in raspberries – 66%. During storage of berry puree, additional losses were 32% for red and black currants, and 89% for raspberries. The best preservation of ascorbic acid was observed when stored frozen – in experiments with black currants, while storing berry puree – in experiments with red currants.
SURFACE MORPHOLOGY AND SORPTION PROPERTIES OF THE FUZZ PERFUME OF THE TYPHA BROAD-LEAF OF THE COBS (ТYPHA LATIFOLIA)
Authors: Gorovykh Olʹga Gennadʹyevna , Glevitskaya Tatʹyana Aleksandrovna , Tychinskaya Lyudmila Yulʹyevna , Lysenko Galina Nikolayevna
Published: July 2022

The higher aquatic plant cattails has a wide distribution area, grows almost all over the world and has a number of unique properties. One of these properties is the sorption properties of perianth the fuzz of cattail cobs. The high sorption capacity of the perianth the fuzz of the cattail cobs is difficult to explain from the standpoint of the small specific surface area of this material. The data obtained by the authors а presented on the characteristics of the perianth the fuzz of Typha latifolia cobs as a sorbent of oil and oil products. The oil capacity of VOPR reaches 35 g / g, the buoyancy in the unsaturated state exceeds 100 days, the sorption time is several seconds, the degree of oil recovery makes it possible to return at least 68% of the absorbed oil product. Investigations of the surface morphology of individual the fuzz of the perianth of the cobs of cattail, both native samples and samples after sorption of oil or hexane with subsequent removal of sorbates, а presented. The studies were carried out using the method of electron microscopy, which showed that when exposed to a solvent, the sorption surface increases due to the formation of additional surfaces that arise when the internal cavities are opened and individual the fuzz are separated into ribbons. The data obtained make it possible to explain the revealed possibility of multiple regeneration of this material used in emergency response.
EFFECT OF EXCESS IRON (II) IONS ON PHOTOSYNTHESIS PROCESSES IN BARLEY PLANTS
Authors: Simonova Olʹga Aleksandrovna , Simonov Maksim Vasilʹyevich , Tovstik Evgeniya Vladimirovna
Published: July 2022

It is known that all heavy metals (TM), including iron, affect the development of crops. At the same time TM affect both morphometric parameters of plants and physiological processes taking place in them. However, these processes and their changes as a result of adverse factors may differ not only in different plant species, but also in different varieties. This paper presents a study of changes in the content of chlorophylls a and b in leaves of different varieties of barley plants when excessive doses of iron (II) ions are added to the growing medium. As a result of the study, it was revealed that Fe2+ had a different effect on the content of green pigments and their ratio in the studied varieties of barley. At the same time, some varieties turned out to be more stable than others. In general, the content of chlorophyll a in the control version ranged from 17.45 (Belgorod 100) to 22.16 (29-11) mg/g; chlorophyll b - from 9.30 (Bionic) to 12.95 (29-11) mg/g. Photosynthesis processes are associated with the formation of proteins, fats and carbohydrates in plants. Therefore, this study will serve as a further basis for studying the relationship between disruptions in the processes of photosynthesis in crops and the formation of organic substances in them.
MINERAL COMPOSITION OF WILD BERRY FRUITS FROM THE FOREST ZONE OF THE CITY OF MAGADAN
Authors: Stepanova Evgeniya Mikhaylovna , Lugovaya Elena Aleksandrovna
Published: July 2022

In the study, the method of atomic emission and mass spectrometry with inductively coupled argon plasma was used to determine average concentrations of macronutrients (Ca, K, Mg, Na, P), essential trace elements (Cu, Fe, I, Mn, Se, Zn) and conditionally essential trace elements (B, Co, Cr, V, Si, Li, Ni), as well as toxic metals (Al, As, Cd, Hg, Pb, Sr, Sn) in wild berries most often included in diets of Magadan region residents: Blue honeysuckle (Lonicera caerulea L., Caprifoliaceae), Ash berry (Sorbus aucuparia L., Rosaceae), Black currant (Ribes nigrum L., Grossulariaceae), Lingonberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea L., Ericaceae).
The highest total amount of elements under study was found in samples of the Ash berry (36.8%), the lowest – in the Lingonberry (8.9%). Data obtained on quantitative mineral composition of berries exhibited different accumulation variables for each of studied elements and statistically significant differences in their concentrations. Amounts of calcium, potassium, magnesium, phosphorus, and silicon were found to be the highest. Toxic element analysis observed no excess of permissible levels. Thus, the woods of the northern region people’s traditional berry picking can be referred to an environmentally safe zone.
DIAGNOSTICS OF EARLY CHANGES IN THE PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF WOOD UNDER THE IN-FLUENCE OF FUNGAL INFECTIONS
Authors: Loskutov Sergey Redzhinalʹdovich , Shapchenkova Olʹga Aleksandrovna , Petrunina Elena Aleksandrovna , Plyashechnik Mariya Anatolʹyevna , Tyutkova Ekaterina Aleksandrovna , Pashenova Natalʹya Veniaminovna , Grodnitskaya Irina Dmitriyevna , Aniskina Antonina Aleksandrovna , Senashova Vera Aleksandrovna
Published: July 2022

The sound wood and damaged wood of Pinus sylvestris L. at an early stage of the development of a fungal infection were studied using scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetry and pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Scanning electron microscopy showed the presence of fungal hyphae in tracheids of damaged wood. The hyphae penetrated into the tracheids through the pores. The cell wall degradation was not found. The results of pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry revealed that lignin/carbohydrate ratio in damaged wood did not change markedly. It indicates the absence of pronounced degradation of polysaccharides or lignin at this stage of wood damage by Leptographium and Trichoderma fungi. However, a decrease in relative contents of some individual compounds in composition of flash pyrolysis products as well as the mass loss profile and the reduced activation energy of the thermal decomposition of damaged wood point to the beginning of carbohydrate complex transformation, mainly hemicelluloses. The proposed approach to the diagnosis of wood damage by fungi is highly effective, rapid and does not require complex sample preparation.
The Poets Laureate of the Long Eighteenth Century, 1668–1813: Courting the Public
Authors: Shipp Leo
Published: July 2022

The office of the poet laureate of Britain was a highly prominent, relevant and respectable institution throughout the long eighteenth century. First instituted for John Dryden in 1668, the laureateship developed from an honorific into a functionary office with a settled position in court (c.1689–1715), and was bestowed upon Robert Southey in 1813, whose tenure eventually transformed the office. Taking an interdisciplinary approach, this book examines the office’s institutional changes and public reception, the mechanics of each laureate’s appointment, and the works produced by the laureates before and after their appointments. It argues that the laureateship played a key part in some of the most vital trends in eighteenth-century culture. The conclusion is arrived at by employing a new research paradigm that it calls the conceptual geography of culture. It shows that Britons routinely used spatial concepts to understand culture throughout the period, which became increasingly abstract over time. As part of this, the court evolved from a concrete space in London to an abstract space capable of hosting the entire British public. The laureateship was a dynamic office positioned at the interface of court and public, evolving in line with its audiences. An important intervention in eighteenth-century historiography, this book presents a nuanced understanding of eighteenth-century culture and society, in which the laureateship exemplified the enduring centrality of the court to the British conceptual geography of culture.
Relación entre índice de masa corporal elevado y variables socioeconómicas en población chilena: Un estudio transversal
Authors: Palma Sofía , Cabezas José Miguel
Published: July 2022

Introducción: El objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar la prevalencia de Índice de masa corporal (IMC) elevado en la población chilena y su relación con: sexo, edad, educación, hábito tabáquico y el ingreso económico.
Metodología: Se realizó un estudio observacional transversal, utilizando los resultados de las Encuestas de Protección Social de los años 2009 y 2015. La variable independiente fue el IMC, en tanto que las variables dependientes fueron: sexo, edad, educación, tabaquismo e ingresos económicos. Con una muestra de 21.392 encuestados, se procesaron los datos en el programa Stata, usando tres modelos de regresión para el análisis estadístico (Ordinary Least Squares, Logit y Odds Ratio).
Resultados: 40% de los encuestados presentó sobrepeso, y20% resultó ser obeso. La prevalencia de sobrepeso fue mayor en hombres, mientras que la de obesidad fue superior en mujeres.  El IMC elevado fue mayor en personas sobre 45 años. Por cada 5 años de aumento en la educación de un individuo, el IMC disminuyó en 1 punto. El tabaquismo mostró una relación inversa con IMC elevado. A medida que aumentaba el decil de ingreso, aumentó la prevalencia de sobrepeso y disminuyó la de obesidad. Conclusiones: La educación resulta relevante en la implementación de estrategias de prevención y control de IMC. El tabaquismo, en relación con el IMC elevado, demostró tener una relación inversa lo cual podría asociarse como u mecanismo de control de peso corporal, siendo necesario reenfocar desde el ámbito educativo. En relación con los ingresos económicos, los hallazgos son contradictorios, ya que se encontró que la probabilidad de un individuo de tener sobrepeso aumentó a medida que su ingreso era mayor, mientras que la probabilidad de ser obeso disminuyó a medida que aumentó su ingreso económico.
Eating Disorder Risk and Factors Associated with Obesity Prejudice Among University Students: A cross-sectional descriptive study
Authors: Erzurum Alim Nural , Yuksel Aysun , Tevfikoglu Pehlivan Leyla , Karakaya Rahime Evra , Besler Zehra Nur
Published: July 2022

Introduction: The aim of this study is to evaluate eating disorder risk and factors associated with obesity prejudice among university students.
Methodology: This cross-sectional descriptive study was consisted of 1449 university students in Turkey. Anthropometric measurements were self-reported and eating disorder and obesity prejudice symptoms were measured via validated scales.
Results: Prevalence of students at low risk for eating disorder was 88.2%, while 60.3% of them were prone to obesity prejudice and 27% of them were obesity prejudiced. The mean eating disorder scores of the underweight and the normal weight group were significantly lower than the overweight group (p = 0.003 and p = 0.019, respectively). The difference between the mean obesity prejudice scores of the normal weight group and the overweight group was found to be significant (p = 0.002).  Moreover, in the multiple linear regression analysis, the overweight group had a significant association with obesity prejudice (p<0.001).
Conclusion: The risk of eating disorder and obesity prejudice increases among overweight/obese university students. Early prediction of eating disorder and obesity prejudice is crucial to prevent health problems such as obesity and related diseases among university students.
Uso de marcadores de obesidad para el tamizaje de Diabetes Mellitus 2: Un estudio transversal en Perú
Authors: Chac-Camasca Jocelyn , Flores-Vargas Engell , Bernabé-Ortiz Antonio
Published: July 2022

Introducción: Existen diversos métodos para evaluar el exceso de grasa corporal, pero si alguno de ellos es mejor para detectar diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DMT2) no ha sido completamente evaluado en Perú. El objetivo de este estudio fue explorar el rendimiento diagnóstico de ciertos marcadores antropométricos de obesidad para detectar casos recientes de DMT2 a nivel poblacional y según el sexo.
Metodología: Se realizó un análisis secundario de un estudio transversal realizado en Tumbes; Perú, reclutando pacientes de 30 a 69 años. La variable desenlace fue el diagnóstico reciente de DMT2, determinado por la prueba de tolerancia oral a la glucosa. Las variables de exposición fueron los marcadores antropométricos: índice de masa corporal (IMC), circunferencia de cintura (CC), razón cintura-talla (RCT). Para la valoración diagnóstica de estos marcadores, se utilizaron curvas ROC (área bajo la curva: AUC), y se estimó la sensibilidad y especificidad en base al índice de Youden. 
Resultados: Se analizaron los datos de 1500 participantes, encontrándose una prevalencia de DMT2 recién diagnosticada del 4,7%. La edad promedio fue de 47,6 años (desviación estándar: 10,6) y el 50,1% fueron varones. El rendimiento diagnóstico de los marcadores para el tamizaje de DMT2 en la población general fueron: RCT (AUC: 0,67; IC 95%: 0,60-0,73), IMC (AUC: 0,65; IC 95%: 0,58-0,72) y CC (AUC: 0,65; IC 95%: 0,58-0,72). Cuando se estratificó por sexo los resultados fueron similares, excepto por el valor de CC en varones cuyo rendimiento diagnóstico fue aceptable (AUC: 0,70; IC 95%: 0,60–0,81).
Conclusiones: El rendimiento diagnóstico de los marcadores de obesidad incluidos en el presente trabajo (IMC, RCT y CC) para el tamizaje de DMT2 en la población general fue pobre.