bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Channeling identification: How perceived regulatory focus moderates the influence of organizational and professional identification on professional employees’ diagnosis and treatment behaviors
Authors: Hekman David R , van Knippenberg Daan , Pratt Michael G
Published: November 2015

We suggest that organizational and professional identification are two sources of motivation that can be channeled in similar or different directions based on perceived organizational and professional regulatory focus. Specifically, we hypothesize and find that both types of identification-based motivation are channeled toward diagnosis behaviors when professionals think their coworkers and colleagues value a promotion focus, and they are channeled toward treatment behaviors when professionals think their coworkers and colleagues value a prevention focus. Our results advance research on social identification by helping to explain how and when organizational and professional identification influence work performance, and also advance the organizational literature on professions by introducing diagnosis and treatment as two theory-derived types of in-role performance for professional employees.
When performativity fails: Implications for Critical Management Studies
Authors: Fleming Peter , Banerjee Subhabrata Bobby
Published: November 2015

This article argues that recent calls in this journal and elsewhere for Critical Management Studies scholars to embrace rather than reject performativity presents an overly optimistic view of (a) the power of language to achieve emancipatory organizational change and (b) the capability of lone Critical Management Studies researchers to resignify management discourses. We introduce the notion of failed performatives to extend this argument and discuss its implications for critical inquiry. If Critical Management Studies seeks to make a practical difference in business and society, and realize its ideals of emancipation, we suggest alternative methods of impact must be explored.
Liminal roles as a source of creative agency in management: The case of knowledge-sharing communities
Authors: Swan Jacky , Scarbrough Harry , Ziebro Monique
Published: November 2015

Studies suggest that the experience of liminality – of being in an ambiguous, ‘betwixt and between’ position – has creative potential for organizations. We contribute to theory on the link between liminality and creative agency through a study of the coordinators of ‘knowledge-sharing communities’; one of the latest examples of a ‘neo-bureaucratic’ practice that seeks to elicit innovative responses from employees while intensifying control by the organization. Through a role-centred perspective, our study found that both the structural and interpretive aspects of coordinators’ role enactments promoted a degree of creative agency. ‘Front-stage’ and ‘back-stage’ activities were developed to meet the divergent expectations posed by senior management and community members, and the ambiguity of their roles prompted an array of different role interpretations. Our findings contribute to theory by showing how the link between liminality and creative agency is not confined to roles and spaces (consultancy work, professional expertise) that are positioned across organizational boundaries, or free from norms and expectations, but may also apply to roles that are ambiguously situated within organizational contexts and that are subject to divergent expectations. This shows how neo-bureaucratic forms may be both reproduced and renewed through the creative responses of individual managers.
International development and the private sector: The ambiguities of “partnership”
Authors: Black David , O’Bright Ben
Published: November 2015

Historically, the relationship between the private sector and international development has been deeply ambivalent. For many, a vibrant private sector and competitive markets are the essential prerequisites of development. For many others, development is principally concerned with ameliorating the dislocation associated with capitalist profit seeking. In the last generation, this ambivalence has given way to an emphasis on the complementarities between the private sector and development. Yet skeptics have continued to criticize the form of development this trend has promoted. We review the historical conditions behind this trend; the controversies concerning transnational corporations and foreign direct investment; the rise of corporate social responsibility; the parallel rise of philanthrocapitalism; and the growth of micro-credit as a market-oriented vehicle for poverty alleviation and empowerment. When taken together, it is clear that private sector actors have become increasingly influential in the new landscape of development, yet their effects remain ambiguous.
Does standing up for sovereignty pay off politically? Arctic military announcements and governing party support in Canada from 2006 to 2014
Authors: Landriault Mathieu , Minard Paul
Published: November 2015

The defence of Arctic sovereignty has gathered high levels of support from the Canadian population in the past 40 years. However, the relationship between public opinion and decision makers is more ambiguous, in particular that between decisions taken by the governing party and an effect in the general population. This is especially true for foreign policy issues. Hence, this article offers a test to assess whether standing up for Arctic sovereignty translates into concrete political gains for the governing party. We gathered federal party support levels reported in 859 opinion polls conducted from 2006 to 2014 in Canada. By focusing on sovereignty operations held by National Defence Operations NUNALIVUT and NANOOK and aggregating poll results into a “poll of polls,” we found that standing up for Arctic sovereignty is politically profitable in certain circumstances.
Democracy and the making of contentious policy: The role of democracy in the abolition of the death penalty, 1950–2010
Authors: Suh Chan S
Published: November 2015

Previous scholarship discussed the pivotal role of democracy in promoting human rights policies. However, prior work did not examine the distinct process of how democratic regimes adopt contentious policies with low public support. In focusing on the distinct policy-making process of contentious policy, this study examines how democracy can lead to a policy change with one contentious policy in particular: the abolition of the death penalty. The research compares dissimilar dynamics within gradual and immediate abolition processes with data from 164 countries between 1950 and 2010. The results of a competing risks event history model suggest that a country’s overall level of democracy, a specific democratic component such as the institutional separation of powers, democratic transition, and the presence of democratic legacy increase the likelihood of gradual abolition. However, democracy does not lead to immediate death abolition, except in cases where there is a sudden transition to democracy. The results have important implications for understanding the role of democracy in promoting contentious and unpopular policies.
Addressing poverty and child welfare: The integrated Community Development and Child Welfare Model of practice
Authors: Butterfield Alice K , Scherrer James L , Olcon Katarzyna
Published: November 2015

The Integrated Community Development and Child Welfare Model (CD-CW) engages workers with families and communities to reduce poverty, and at the same time, improve the well-being of children. Skill building in asset-based development, family enterprise, and child trauma is delivered through a three-stage, applied training model. CD-CW was pilot tested and implemented with 100 livelihood and child welfare workers in Ethiopia. Data from Learning Portfolios, team consultations, and a 2-day evaluation retreat are reported. Findings include the importance of using asset-based assessments, applied assignments, and integrated training to address poverty directly as a root cause of child maltreatment.
Differentiating perceptions of intimate partner violence in Nepal
Authors: Bender Annah K , Chalise Nishesh
Published: November 2015

Perception of domestic violence is a frequently used indicator of women’s empowerment. It is, however, thought to be a binary variable, where women either justify wife beating or they do not. In the Nepal Demographic Health Survey, empowerment is ‘high’ if the woman answers no to one of five circumstances of wife beating. This study develops a Latent Class Analysis model to determine whether there are categories of women who endorsed some type of violence but not others. A more nuanced measure of perception of domestic violence would improve our understanding on women’s empowerment.
Estonian child protection workers’ assessment perspectives: The need for competence and confidence
Authors: Toros Karmen , LaSala Michael C
Published: November 2015

After years of Soviet occupation, the country of Estonia is in transition, as are their newly developed child protection services. This quantitative study examines Estonian child protection workers’ perspectives about child welfare work and assessment in the context of children in need. These findings indicate that workers seem to overly rely on a deficit-based, as opposed to a strengths-based approach and lack skills for understanding their role, conducting assessments and engaging in trusting relationships with children and families. These findings suggest a possible holdover from Soviet philosophies, but definitely indicate the need for further training.
Disrupting, destabilising and declassifying: Jacques Rancière’s potential contribution to social work
Authors: Garrett Paul Michael
Published: November 2015

Jacques Rancière’s main philosophical thematic preoccupations stem from an understanding that human beings are equal in all respects. This article is a short introduction to key conceptual formulations central within his diverse body of work. Rancière prompts us to think more critically about how people are apt to be fixed in particular political and cultural locations. His philosophical perspective on ‘police’ and ‘politics’ pivots on a subversive endeavour to dis-order dominant ways of perceiving the world and the roles which groups and individuals are expected to fulfil. Rancière also furnishes a range of concepts which can be fruitfully disruptive of particular fields and the more encompassing economic and political frameworks in which they are located. On account of his engagement with these themes, it is argued that Rancière’s work may aid social workers’ critical reflection.
Factors contributing to social support among female marriage migrants in Hong Kong: A longitudinal study
Authors: Wong Winky KF , Ng Isabella FS , Chou Kee-Lee
Published: November 2015

This study investigates the determinants of social support. We used a random sample of 211 female Chinese marriage migrants from a 2-year longitudinal secondary data set and conducted bivariate and multivariate multiple regressions to examine the associations of social support with acculturation stress, persistent acculturation stress, psychological wellbeing, perceived neighborhood disorder, and optimism. Results showed that marriage migrants have difficulties rebuilding their social network outside their own communities. Acculturation stress and psychological wellbeing were the two significant factors affecting social support. Findings suggest that social support interventions should focus on alleviating acculturation stress, expanding social networking opportunities, and enhancing psychological wellbeing.
Beyond a Bachelor’s
Authors: Peteet Bridgette J. , Lige Quiera
Published: November 2015

Advancing the education of Blacks is of paramount importance. Black students are underrepresented in graduate degrees in Science Technology, Engineering, and Math (STEM) fields. Much attention has been paid to undergraduate retention but very little to graduate degree preparation, a requirement in many professional fields. Given the popularity of the field of psychology, the most popular undergraduate major, and the underrepresentation of people of color in graduate programs, we present a case study of a university-sponsored graduate bridge program, EMERGE. We highlight essential program components including university buy-in, economic considerations, program leadership, mentorship, cultural engagement, and academic preparedness. The implementation of these elements in to the EMERGE program are discussed as well as its demonstrated effectiveness in increasing application competitiveness and doctoral admissions. The program can serve as a model bridge program for all fields of post-baccalaureate education.
Implementing Bilingual Pattern Practice
Authors: Scheffler Paweł
Published: November 2015

This article describes how semi-communicative bilingual drills were implemented in a four-month course in pedagogical English for a group of ten Polish adult learners. When the course was over, the learners were asked to evaluate the procedure by filling in a questionnaire. The learners expressed overwhelming approval for bilingual drills in terms of their usefulness. Some of the students indicated that the drills prepared them for communication in English.
Between real and virtual communities: Sufism in Western societies and the Naqshbandi Haqqani case
Authors: Piraino Francesco
Published: November 2015

Sufism, the mystical/esoteric Islamic path of soul purification, is spreading extensively throughout Western societies. The internet is one of the most important vehicles of this diffusion. This article first describes the use of the internet in four European Sufi orders, underlining how the internet: (1) is an instrument of promotion, information and knowledge about Islam and Sufism; (2) reduces the distance between disciples and Masters; (3) is a digital space where religious experiences are reaffirmed, not lived. The second section of the article concerns the Naqshbandi Haqqani case, which is completely different from the other orders studied. For some Naqshbandi disciples, the internet is also a place in which to practise religion through rituals, prayer requests, initiation and religious experiences. Through an analysis of this particular use of the internet, the author explores the transformation of European Sufism both in the frame of post-modern religiosity and in the frame of transnationalism.
Social Networks and Minority Male College Access: The “Tip of the Iceberg” Phenomena
Authors: Elliott Diane Cárdenas , Brenneman Meghan W. , Carney Lauren , Robbins Steve
Published: November 2015

Using a qualitative approach, we sought to understand the social networks and decision-making strategies of minority males as they choose to attend a postsecondary institution. Data were obtained from interviews where students self-report perceptions of their college transition process. Our findings suggest that students’ social networks are inefficient, disrupted, and fractured resulting in prominent informational gaps that impacted matriculation decisions. We liken students’ knowledge about the transition to college to a tip of an iceberg; that is, participants only developed a surface-level understanding of the college process. We conclude with implications for policy and practice.
Blacks in Research
Authors: Fenwick Leslie T.
Published: November 2015

A version of this article, “Blacks in Research? How Shall We Be Portrayed?”, was delivered by the author as the 2013 W. E. B. Du Bois Distinguished Lecture to the annual conference of the American Educational Research Association (AERA) Blacks in Education Special Interest Group (Black SIG). This article examines the portrayal of Blacks in research and urges a renaissance among Black intellectuals, specifically calling for Black and progressive other scholars to lead a national movement to present rarely highlighted positive data and research findings about the Black condition—especially those which challenge persistent negative reports and racist notions about Black people.
A Gendered Perspective on Local Economic Development: Differences in the Perceived Importance of Public Services in the Business Recruitment Process
Authors: Read Dustin , Leland Suzanne Marie
Published: November 2015

This study uses data from a national survey of economic developers working in local government to explore gender differences in the perceived importance of public services in the business recruitment process. The results of a series of ordinal logistic regression models suggest women are more likely than men to believe public service quality and availability are important concerns for companies considering their region. These findings are consistent with the body of work examining gender gaps in the perceptions of both policymakers and the general public that may have important implications for local governments interested in promoting economic growth.
The Influence of Administrative Culture on Sustainability Transparency in European Local Governments
Authors: Ortiz-Rodríguez David , Navarro-Galera Andrés , Alcaraz-Quiles Francisco J.
Published: November 2015

Although the transparency and sustainability of governments are currently of great interest to researchers, few studies have specifically addressed these issues. Nevertheless, previous research has found sustainability transparency as a key issue in government–citizen relations, especially for local governments (LGs). The aim of this article is to identify factors that promote online transparency regarding the sustainability of public policies, by means of an empirical study of 62 LGs in the United Kingdom, Ireland, and Southern Europe. Our results show that the prevailing administrative tradition may influence the degree of transparency of LGs, with population, socioeconomic, and financial factors being relevant.
Experimental Validation of ARFI Surveillance of Subcutaneous Hemorrhage (ASSH) Using Calibrated Infusions in a Tissue-Mimicking Model and Dogs
Authors: Geist Rebecca E. , DuBois Chase H. , Nichols Timothy C. , Caughey Melissa C. , Merricks Elizabeth P. , Raymer Robin , Gallippi Caterina M.
Published: November 2015

Acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) Surveillance of Subcutaneous Hemorrhage (ASSH) has been previously demonstrated to differentiate bleeding phenotype and responses to therapy in dogs and humans, but to date, the method has lacked experimental validation. This work explores experimental validation of ASSH in a poroelastic tissue-mimic and in vivo in dogs. The experimental design exploits calibrated flow rates and infusion durations of evaporated milk in tofu or heparinized autologous blood in dogs. The validation approach enables controlled comparisons of ASSH-derived bleeding rate (BR) and time to hemostasis (TTH) metrics. In tissue-mimicking experiments, halving the calibrated flow rate yielded ASSH-derived BRs that decreased by 44% to 48%. Furthermore, for calibrated flow durations of 5.0 minutes and 7.0 minutes, average ASSH-derived TTH was 5.2 minutes and 7.0 minutes, respectively, with ASSH predicting the correct TTH in 78% of trials. In dogs undergoing calibrated autologous blood infusion, ASSH measured a 3-minute increase in TTH, corresponding to the same increase in the calibrated flow duration. For a measured 5% decrease in autologous infusion flow rate, ASSH detected a 7% decrease in BR. These tissue-mimicking and in vivo preclinical experimental validation studies suggest the ASSH BR and TTH measures reflect bleeding dynamics.
Agency and attitude
Authors: MacInnis Luke
Published: November 2015

Critics charge that Kantian conceptions of human dignity and normative agency, which some suggest underwrite the modern doctrine of human rights, are parochial, unable to account for the dynamism and context-dependence of human rights, aloof from human rights practice, and incapable of distinguishing human rights from the vast array of other political rights constitutional democracies generally recognize as demands of justice. I argue here that whatever force these charges might have against human rights theories inspired by Kant’s work, they do not impugn Kant’s own conception of human rights. By tying human rights to official attitudes toward justice rather than, as familiar approaches do, to concrete conformity with ‘minimum prerequisites’ of justice, Kant’s approach fits core features of human rights practice while providing a dynamic, context-sensitive guideline for auditing the conduct of states and public officials. Just as Kant’s critical writings argue that agents must be able to assume that the natural world of efficient causes is purposive for morality’s ultimate ends, we can profitably understand Kant’s political philosophy as claiming, analogously, that agents must also be able to assume that the juridical world of state action is purposive for justice. Kant’s conception of human rights, I suggest, identifies the conditions under which that assumption is warranted.
The role of transitional instability, psychological distress, and dysfunctional drinking in emerging adults’ involvement in risky sex
Authors: Bowers Jill R. , Segrin Chris , Joyce Nicholas
Published: November 2015

The consequences of risky sexual behaviors are a serious health concern. We hypothesized that the transitional instability that occurs as a part of typical developmental changes in emerging adulthood would be positively associated with sexual risk taking. A survey of emerging adults showed that the instability–sexual risk-taking association was positive and significant as predicted. Moreover, psychological distress (depression and loneliness) and dysfunctional drinking motivations (drinking to ease emotional pain or to gain peer acceptance) moderated and intensified the association between instability and sexual risk taking. Implications for future research with instability and risk-taking behaviors in emerging adulthood are discussed.
Extending the scope of speaking assessment criteria in a specific-purpose language test: Operationalizing a health professional perspective
Authors: O’Hagan Sally , Pill John , Zhang Ying
Published: November 2015

Criticism of specific-purpose language (LSP) tests is often directed at their limited ability to represent fully the demands of the target language use situation. Such criticisms extend to the criteria used to assess test performance, which may fail to capture what matters to participants in the domain of interest. This paper reports on the outcomes of an attempt to expand the construct of a specific-purpose test through the inclusion of two new professionally relevant criteria designed to reflect the values of domain experts. The test in question was the speaking component of the Occupational English Test (OET), designed to assess the language proficiency of overseas-trained health professionals applying to practise their profession in Australia.

The criteria were developed from analysis of health professionals’ feedback to trainees, a source that reflected what the professionals value, that is, their indigenous assessment criteria. The criteria considered amenable to inclusion in the OET were as follows: (1) Clinician Engagement with the patient and (2) Management of Interaction in the consultation. Seven OET assessors were trained to apply these professionally relevant criteria at a workshop that introduced a checklist derived from the original data analysis as a tool to aid understanding of the new criteria. Following the workshop, assessors rated a total of 300 pre-recorded OET speaking test performances using both new and existing criteria. Statistical analyses of the ratings indicate the extent to which a) the judgements of the language-trained assessors using the new criteria were consistent and b) the new and existing criteria aligned in terms of the construct(s) they represent. Furthermore, feedback from the assessors in the process shows how comfortable and confident they are to represent a health professional perspective.
Growth in first- and second-generation immigrant firms in Sweden
Authors: Efendic Nedim , Andersson Fredrik W , Wennberg Karl
Published: November 2015

This article contributes to the research exploring the social and economic factors shaping the performance of immigrant-run firms. Drawing upon human and social capital theory and assimilation theory, we investigate differences in performance measured as revenue growth in a comparative study of native and immigrant CEOs. Following 50,002 small firms in Sweden over 4 years, we find distinct patterns in both firm size and revenue growth between firms managed by immigrants and by natives. While firms run by second-generation immigrants from the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries exhibit higher growth rates than natives, the reverse is true for second-generation immigrants from non-OECD countries, suggesting that economic integration in terms of small business growth immigrants in Sweden is characterized by segmented rather than universal assimilation.
Chronometric and pupil-size measurements illuminate the relationship between motor execution and motor imagery in expert pianists
Authors: O’Shea Helen , Moran Aidan
Published: November 2015

Recent years have witnessed an upsurge of research interest in motor imagery (MI; sometimes known as mental practice) or the mental simulation of actions without any concomitant bodily movement. While numerous experimental studies have demonstrated the efficacy of MI in improving skilled performance in fields such as music, sport and medical surgery, few to date have investigated the extent to which MI and motor execution share similar cognitive mechanisms. Therefore, to address this gap, the present studies explored the relationship between the executed and imagined movements of expert pianists. Study 1 explored the effects of movement complexity and force on the time required for nine pianists to actually perform and imagine performing a musical composition. Results revealed that although the durations of participants’ imagined performances were longer than those of executed ones, stage-duration variations during execution were mirrored in the stage-duration variations during MI. In Study 2, seven pianists’ pupil-size measurements (obtained using Tobii eye-tracking glasses) were used to explore changes in cognitive effort between executed and imagined piano performance. Results showed that pupil-size measurements during executed and imagined piano playing were similar. The significance of the findings is discussed and some potential new directions for research are identified.
Structure from motion photogrammetry in physical geography
Authors: Smith M.W. , Carrivick J.L. , Quincey D.J.
Published: November 2015

Accurate, precise and rapid acquisition of topographic data is fundamental to many sub-disciplines of physical geography. Technological developments over the past few decades have made fully distributed data sets of centimetric resolution and accuracy commonplace, yet the emergence of Structure from Motion (SfM) with Multi-View Stereo (MVS) in recent years has revolutionised three-dimensional topographic surveys in physical geography by democratising data collection and processing. SfM-MVS originates from the fields of computer vision and photogrammetry, requires minimal expensive equipment or specialist expertise and, under certain conditions, can produce point clouds of comparable quality to existing survey methods (e.g. Terrestrial Laser Scanning). Consequently, applications of SfM-MVS in physical geography have multiplied rapidly. There are many practical options available to physical geographers when planning a SfM-MVS survey (e.g. platforms, cameras, software), yet, many SfM-MVS end-users are uncertain as to the errors associated with each choice and, perhaps most fundamentally, the processes actually taking place as part of the SfM-MVS workflow. This paper details the typical workflow applied by SfM-MVS software packages, reviews practical details of implementing SfM-MVS, combines existing validation studies to assess practically achievable data quality and reviews the range of applications of SfM-MVS in physical geography. The flexibility of the SfM-MVS approach complicates attempts to validate SfM-MVS robustly as each individual validation study will use a different approach (e.g. platform, camera, georeferencing method, etc.). We highlight the need for greater transparency in SfM-MVS processing and enhanced ability to adjust parameters that determine survey quality. Looking forwards, future prospects of SfM-MVS in physical geography are identified through discussion of more recent developments in the fields of image analysis and computer vision.
The role of person–organization fit and perceived organizational support in the relationship between workplace ostracism and behavioral outcomes
Authors: Chung Yang Woon
Published: November 2015

With the escalating influence of workplace environment on organizational behavior, this study examined the relationships between workplace ostracism, person–organization fit, perceived organizational support, organizational citizenship behavior, and deviant behavior. Although prior studies have found that workplace ostracism led to negative outcomes, research to date has not been extensive in studying the underlying mechanisms which associate workplace ostracism and its behavioral outcomes. This study investigated the mediating effects of person–organization fit and the moderating effects of perceived organizational support between person–organization fit with organizational citizenship behavior and deviant behavior. Using a sample consisting of 249 employees in various organizations in South Korea, this study found person–organization fit to mediate the relationships between workplace ostracism and both organizational citizenship behavior and deviant behavior, while perceived organizational support moderated the link between person–organization fit and both organizational citizenship behavior and deviant behavior.
The Contrasting Philosophies of Martin Buber and Frantz Fanon: The political in Education as dialogue or as defiance
Authors: Morgan W. John , Guilherme Alex
Published: November 2015

Education has two distinct but interconnected layers. There is an outer layer concerned with knowledge transfer and skills and an inner layer concerned with the development of character and relationships with others, both individually and socially. This inner layer provides the individual with the capacity to influence and to change society. In that sense, such an inner layer is ‘political’. In this article we argue that the ‘political’ in education can take two distinct forms: either that of dialogue or of defiance. We claim that the former is epitomised by the philosophy of Martin Buber and the latter by the philosophy of Frantz Fanon. Our analysis contrasting these two philosophies clarifies the implications for education, and thereby for the individual and for society.
Unions and Job Quality in the UK
Authors: Simms Melanie
Published: November 2015

This article presents a counterpoint to a structuralist view of job quality and argues that it can be understood as an outcome of contested power dynamics of interest representation within institutions of labor market regulation. The article presents studies of unions in two sectors in the UK (health care and industrial cleaning) where bad jobs are common. It examines how unions have sought to regulate job quality through representing new interests within existing institutions and by extending institutional regulation to new groups. The evidence highlights the contested nature of these decisions and the importance of collective actors in exercising agency in seeking to improve job quality. The evidence shows how new interests can be promoted within institutions to (seek to) improve job quality, despite internal resistance.
What explains ethnic organizational violence? Evidence from Eastern Europe and Russia
Authors: Asal Victor , Phillips Brian J.
Published: November 2015

Why do some ethnopolitical organizations use violence? Research on substate violence often uses the state level of analysis, or only analyzes groups that are already violent. Using a resource mobilization framework drawn from a broad literature, we test hypotheses with new data on hundreds of violent and non-violent ethnopolitical organizations in Eastern Europe and Russia. Our study finds interorganizational competition, state repression and strong group leadership associated with organizational violence. Lack of popularity and holding territory are also associated with violence. We do not find social service provision positively related to violence, which contrasts with research on the Middle East.
Motherhood as the Vehicle for Change in Australian Adolescent Women of Preterm and Full-Term Infants
Authors: Sheeran Nicola , Jones Liz , Rowe Jennifer
Published: November 2015

Preterm birth represents an interruption to the normal development of maternal identity and is considered a highly stressful event for adult mothers. However, no research has investigated whether or how preterm birth affects the adolescent mother’s transition to motherhood. The current study aimed to explicate the experience of being a mother for adolescent women who experienced a preterm or term birth in Australia. This Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis Study analyzed interviews with 14 primiparous, English-speaking adolescent mothers (15-19 years; 10 preterm and 4 full term) who participated in three interviews over a 12-month period. Findings suggested few differences in the experience of being a mother due to infant birth status. Instead, the experience of being a mother was fundamentally about transformations to the self. The young women constructed themselves differently as a result of being mothers. Changes included moving away from delinquent behaviors, development of internal resources, growth of a positive view of self, gaining meaning in their lives, and reconciling idealized and actual notions of self and other. This research adds to our understanding of how motherhood shapes the adolescent women’s lives, while also challenging our assumptions about the impact of preterm and full-term birth for adolescent mothers.
Creating Inclusive School Environments
Authors: MacKinnon Cheryl , Roberts Jillian , Wylie Jaimie
Published: November 2015

The neurobehavioural comorbidities associated with childhood epilepsy present significant physical challenges (i.e., excessive fatigue, memory impairment, headaches, visual impairments), emotional challenges (i.e., depression, anxiety), behavioural challenges (i.e., inattentiveness, distractibility, aggression), and social challenges (i.e., peer rejection, bullying, stigma) to children. Poor functioning within these domains can negatively affect academic success and school adjustment. As schools play a significant role in a child’s development, understanding how to support the social, psychological, and physical needs of these children is important. This article reviews literature examining the neurobehavioural comorbidities associated with childhood epilepsy and the barriers these conditions create to academic success and school adjustment. The article also provides recommendations based on the authors’ qualitative research about how best to support these children. Findings suggest that educating school communities about epilepsy and the challenges associated with it might promote inclusive school environments and mitigate negative school experiences. Findings also emphasize the need for an allied approach to the provision of support to ensure the needs of both students and faculty are met.
Organizational Hierarchy, Deprived Masculinity, and Confrontational Practices: Men Doing Women’s Jobs in a Global Factory
Authors: Tian Xiaoli , Deng Yunxue
Published: November 2015

Based on an interactionist approach, this article examines how men workers negotiate the doing of factory jobs conventionally considered as those suited for young women and defend their masculinity in harsh and contested organizational environments. Data collected during a 15-month-long ethnography of a large global factory in South China reveal that in an oppressive institutional setting that involves coercive management, devaluation of men labor, and the lack of a family wage, men workers defend their masculinity through offensive language, flirting and sexual harassment, as well as physical violence. In doing so, they develop a rebellious identity, diaomao, both to address themselves and to curse others, as a way to resist their low status, reconstruct their own understanding of the power hierarchy, and consequently, defend their deprived masculinities. This article asserts the critical role of daily interpersonal interaction in gender practices as well as in labor process.
Poly(methyl methacrylate) denture base composites enhancement by various combinations of nitrile butadiene rubber/treated ceramic fillers
Authors: Alhareb AO , Akil HBM , Ahmad ZAB
Published: November 2015

Nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) particles as impact modifier mixed with treated ceramic fillers (aluminum oxide, yttria-stabilized zirconia, and silicon dioxide) were used to reinforce poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) denture base material. The powder components are PMMA, benzoyl peroxide, NBR (5, 7.5, and 10 wt%), and ceramic fillers (5 wt%) treated with silane. The liquid components are 90% methyl methacrylate and 10% ethylene glycol dimethacryate. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analyses confirmed that the ceramic fillers were successful. The morphology of fracture surfaces of specimens was characterized using field emission scanning electron microscopy. The impact strength (IS) and fracture toughness ( KIC) improved significantly. IS increased to 56% (8.26 kJ m−2) and 73% (2.77 MPa m1/2) for KIC when compared with unreinforced PMMA matrix. Statistical analyses of data results were significantly improved ( p < 0.005). PMMA denture base reinforced by NBR particles mixed with treated ceramic fillers are ideally suited for dentistry applications with the ability to withstand high mastication forces.
A study on the fracture, mechanical and thermal properties of chain extended recycled poly(ethylene terephthalate)
Authors: Karsli Nevin Gamze
Published: November 2015

The aim of this study is to simultaneously improve the mechanical strength and fracture toughness properties of recycled poly(ethylene terephthalate) (r-PET). For this purpose, Joncryl® was used as chain extender and Lotader® was used as impact modifier. The combined effect of chain extender and impact modifier on the chemical, fractural, mechanical, and thermal properties of r-PET was investigated. Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis, EWF analysis, tensile test, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis were performed. FTIR analysis revealed that all the epoxy groups in the Joncryl® were consumed during the compounding. EWF results showed that while toughness of r-PET decreased with the addition of Joncryl®, toughness was increased with addition of impact modifier Lotader®. It was found that 2.5% Lotader® usage at the same time with Joncryl® increased the tensile strength of r-PET as well as toughness. It was observed from DSC analysis that chain extender and impact modifier addition did not change the thermal transition temperatures of r-PET.
An Update on the Management of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension and the Pharmacist’s Role
Authors: Macaulay Tracy E. , Covell Mary B. , Pogue Kristen T.
Published: November 2015

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare medical condition that significantly shortens life expectancy. The lack of understanding and complexity of treatments frequently lead to delays in diagnosis and treatment of patients. This is worsened by the gap in medical education related to the rarity of disease and the subspecialty nature of management. Advancements in diagnostics and treatment in recent years makes a review of this nature important and timely. Understanding the specialty nature of drug therapy, the complexities of managing prostacyclin analogs, and treatment algorithms are essential for pharmacists caring for these patients in both acute and ambulatory settings. This review article will provide an overview of published guidelines as well as discuss new therapies, clinical controversies, and the pharmacist’s role in the management of these patients.
The Association Between Transportation and Life-Space Mobility in Community-Dwelling Older People With or Without Walking Difficulties
Authors: Viljanen Anne , Mikkola Tuija M. , Rantakokko Merja , Portegijs Erja , Rantanen Taina
Published: November 2015

Objective: The aim of this study is to examine whether a persons’ most frequently used mode of transportation is associated with life-space mobility and whether the association differs between persons with or without walking difficulties. Method: Life-space mobility was measured with the Life-Space Assessment in 848 community-dwelling men and women aged 75 to 90 years. Six separate mobility groups were formed according to the most frequently used mode of transportation (car driver, car passenger, public transportation) combined with the presence or absence of difficulties walking 2 km. Results: Car drivers without walking difficulties had the highest life-space mobility scores, and car passengers with walking difficulties had the lowest scores. Mode of transportation influenced the odds for restricted life space differently depending on whether or not the person had walking difficulties. Discussion: To support community mobility among older persons, it would be important to improve different transportation options to meet older persons’ individual wishes, needs, and resources.
The effect of physicians’ financial incentives on the diagnosis related group-based prospective reimbursement scheme in Taiwan
Authors: Chiang Chia-Yu , Chu Hsuan-Lien , Romeis James C
Published: November 2015

This study examines whether the implementation of a Physician Compensation Program (PCP) improved departmental performance in a large private not-for-profit hospital’s performance after it implemented the Taiwan Diagnosis Related Group-based (Tw-DRG) prospective reimbursement scheme. Because hospitals in Taiwan are structurally similar to staff-model HMOs, the effects of PCPs on hospital performance under the Tw-DRG scheme in Taiwan may have implications for staff-model HMOs. The data sample contains 624 monthly observations of the 26 departments in the case hospital for the period 2009–2010. Of the 26 departments, 18 have implemented the Tw-DRG scheme and are classified as the Tw-DRG group; and the other eight departments are classified as the non-Tw-DRG group. Since the introduction of the scheme, the physicians in both groups have been paid under the PCP. Overall, the results show that the case hospital’s performance deteriorated after the scheme was implemented. The findings imply that conflicts arise in hospitals where some departments have implemented the Tw-DRG scheme that encourages hospitals to reduce the utilization of medical resources, while physicians in those departments are still paid under the PCP and are, therefore, motivated to expand medical services without trying to reduce costs. As a result, the Tw-DRG scheme may fail or only have a limited effect. This study also provides evidence that physicians’ behavior affects their clinical performance, especially under a strict cost containment payment policy. Taiwan’s experience provides a good opportunity to evaluate, simultaneously, the effects of cost containment mechanisms and physicians’ incentive plans within a staff-model context.
Synthesis, characterization, and shape-memory performances of monoamine-toughened epoxy resin
Authors: Jing Xiang-Hai , Liu Yu-Xi , Liao Rong , Kang Hong-Jun , Tan Hui-Feng , Liu Yu-Yan
Published: November 2015

Epoxy resins were toughened by octylamine, dodecylamine, and hexadecylamine, respectively. The curing temperature and the curing kinetics were studied by non-isothermal differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) to optimize the cure conditions. The mass ratios of the monoamine to the total mass of triethylenetetramine and monoamine were varied to obtain polymers with different compositions. The cured polymers were analyzed by DSC, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and mechanical analyses. Shape-memory performance was evaluated by fold-deploy tests. The glass transition temperature ( Tg) decreased with increasing carbon numbers of monoamine, and the decrease in Tg scaled with the content of monoamines added in the system. The elongation increased with an increase in monoamine content and alkyl chain length. The better toughness of the monoamine-rich system was further confirmed by the results of SEM. The strain fixity ratio increased with a decrease in monoamine content. The strain recovery ratios of all systems were greater than 98%.
Numerical study of the effects of wind shear coefficients on the flow characteristics of the near wake of a wind turbine blade
Authors: Wang Haipeng , Zhang Bo , Qiu Qinggang
Published: November 2015

This study investigates the effects of wind shear and wind shear coefficients on the near wake of a wind turbine. A wind turbine is subjected to the effects of wind shear, which leads to unsteady performance of the blade and characteristics of the blade near the wake. Wind shear coefficients of 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 are used. The results are obtained using the three-dimensional incompressible Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes equations, and the turbulence, are simulated via the shear-stress transport k–ω turbulence model. The flow of the air and, in particular, the axial velocity and tangential velocity are strongly affected by the rotation in the region of the blade near wake. There is an obvious velocity deficit at the near wake when the air flows over the blade, and this velocity deficit gradually decreases as the air flows downstream. The torque of the blade and the characteristics of the blade near wake periodically change with the effect of wind shear. The axial, tangential, and radial velocities and the turbulence intensity are strongly affected by wind shear at the region of the blade near wake, with the radial velocity particularly affected. The influence is more obvious as the shear coefficient increases. The effects of wind shear on the axial, tangential, and radial velocities and the turbulence intensity increase as the air flows downstream.
Standardized likelihood ratio test for comparing several log-normal means and confidence interval for the common mean
Authors: Krishnamoorthy K , Oral Evrim
Published: November 2015

Standardized likelihood ratio test (SLRT) for testing the equality of means of several log-normal distributions is proposed. The properties of the SLRT and an available modified likelihood ratio test (MLRT) and a generalized variable (GV) test are evaluated by Monte Carlo simulation and compared. Evaluation studies indicate that the SLRT is accurate even for small samples, whereas the MLRT could be quite liberal for some parameter values, and the GV test is in general conservative and less powerful than the SLRT. Furthermore, a closed-form approximate confidence interval for the common mean of several log-normal distributions is developed using the method of variance estimate recovery, and compared with the generalized confidence interval with respect to coverage probabilities and precision. Simulation studies indicate that the proposed confidence interval is accurate and better than the generalized confidence interval in terms of coverage probabilities. The methods are illustrated using two examples.