bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Trackoscope: A low-cost, open, autonomous tracking microscope for long-term observations of microscale organisms
Authors: Soneji Priya , Challita Elio J. , Bhamla Saad
Published: July 2024

Cells and microorganisms are motile, yet the stationary nature of conventional microscopes impedes comprehensive, long-term behavioral and biomechanical analysis. The limitations are twofold: a narrow focus permits high-resolution imaging but sacrifices the broader context of organism behavior, while a wider focus compromises microscopic detail. This trade-off is especially problematic when investigating rapidly motile ciliates, which often have to be confined to small volumes between coverslips affecting their natural behavior. To address this challenge, we introduce Trackoscope, a 2-axis autonomous tracking microscope designed to follow swimming organisms ranging from 10μm to 2mm across a 325cm2 area (equivalent to an A5 sheet) for extended durations—ranging from hours to days—at high resolution. Utilizing Trackoscope, we captured a diverse array of behaviors, from the air-water swimming locomotion of Amoeba to bacterial hunting dynamics in Actinosphaerium, walking gait in Tardigrada, and binary fission in motile Blepharisma. Trackoscope is a cost-effective solution well-suited for diverse settings, from high school labs to resource-constrained research environments. Its capability to capture diverse behaviors in larger, more realistic ecosystems extends our understanding of the physics of living systems. The low-cost, open architecture democratizes scientific discovery, offering a dynamic window into the lives of previously inaccessible small aquatic organisms.
Genome-wide RNA sequencing of ocular fibroblasts from glaucomatous and normal eyes: Implications for glaucoma management
Authors: Roodnat Anton W. , Callaghan Breedge , Doyle Chelsey , Vallabh Neeru A. , Atkinson Sarah D. , Willoughby Colin E.
Published: July 2024

Primary open angle glaucoma is a leading cause of visual impairment and blindness which is commonly treated with drugs or laser but may require surgery. Tenon’s ocular fibroblasts are involved in wound-healing after glaucoma filtration surgery and may compromise a favourable outcome of glaucoma surgery by contributing to fibrosis. To investigate changes in gene expression and key pathways contributing to the glaucomatous state we performed genome-wide RNA sequencing. Human Tenon’s ocular fibroblasts were cultured from normal and glaucomatous human donors undergoing eye surgery (n = 12). mRNA was extracted and RNA-Seq performed on the Illumina platform. Differentially expressed genes were identified using a bioinformatics pipeline consisting of FastQC, STAR, FeatureCounts and edgeR. Changes in biological functions and pathways were determined using Enrichr and clustered using Cytoscape. A total of 5817 genes were differentially expressed between Tenon’s ocular fibroblasts from normal versus glaucomatous eyes. Enrichment analysis showed 787 significantly different biological functions and pathways which were clustered into 176 clusters. Tenon’s ocular fibroblasts from glaucomatous eyes showed signs of fibrosis with fibroblast to myofibroblast transdifferentiation and associated changes in mitochondrial fission, remodeling of the extracellular matrix, proliferation, unfolded protein response, inflammation and apoptosis which may relate to the pathogenesis of glaucoma or the detrimental effects of topical glaucoma therapies. Altered gene expression in glaucomatous Tenon’s ocular fibroblasts may contribute to an unfavourable outcome of glaucoma filtration surgery. This work presents a genome-wide transcriptome of glaucomatous versus normal Tenon’s ocular fibroblasts which may identify genes or pathways of therapeutic value to improve surgical outcomes.
Tolerance to Haemophilus influenzae infection in human epithelial cells: Insights from a primary cell-based model
Authors: Kappler Ulrike , Henningham Anna , Nasreen Marufa , Yamamoto Ayaho , Buultjens Andrew H. , Stinear Timothy P. , Sly Peter , Fantino Emmanuelle
Published: July 2024

Haemophilus influenzae is a human respiratory pathogen and inhabits the human respiratory tract as its only niche. Despite this, the molecular mechanisms that allow H. influenzae to establish persistent infections of human epithelia are not well understood. Here, we have investigated how H. influenzae adapts to the host environment and triggers the host immune response using a human primary cell-based infection model that closely resembles human nasal epithelia (NHNE). Physiological assays combined with dualRNAseq revealed that NHNE from five healthy donors all responded to H. influenzae infection with an initial, ‘unproductive’ inflammatory response that included a strong hypoxia signature but did not produce pro-inflammatory cytokines. Subsequently, an apparent tolerance to large extracellular and intraepithelial burdens of H. influenzae developed, with NHNE transcriptional profiles resembling the pre-infection state. This occurred in parallel with the development of intraepithelial bacterial populations, and appears to involve interruption of NFκB signalling. This is the first time that large-scale, persistence-promoting immunomodulatory effects of H. influenzae during infection have been observed, and we were able to demonstrate that only infections with live, but not heat-killed H. influenzae led to immunomodulation and reduced expression of NFκB-controlled cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-36γ and TNFα. Interestingly, NHNE were able to re-activate pro-inflammatory responses towards the end of the 14-day infection, resulting in release of IL-8 and TNFα. In addition to providing first molecular insights into mechanisms enabling persistence of H. influenzae in the host, our data further indicate the presence of infection stage-specific gene expression modules, highlighting fundamental similarities between immune responses in NHNE and canonical immune cells, which merit further investigation.
Shrimp shapes a resistance trait against vibriosis by memorizing the colonization resistance of intestinal microbiota
Authors: Yuan Jianbo , Yu Yang , Li Shihao , Zhang Xiaojun , Zhang Chuntao , Li Roujing , Hu Jie , Si Shuqing , Zhang Chengyi , Xiang Jianhai , Li Fuhua
Published: July 2024

Vibriosis is one of the most serious diseases that commonly occurs in aquatic animals, thus, shaping a steady inherited resistance trait in organisms has received the highest priority in aquaculture. Whereas, the mechanisms underlying the development of such a resistance trait are mostly elusive. In this study, we constructed vibriosis-resistant and susceptible families of the Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei after four generations of artificial selection. Microbiome sequencing indicated that shrimp can successfully develop a colonization resistance trait against Vibrio infections. This trait was characterized by a microbial community structure with specific enrichment of a single probiotic species (namely Shewanella algae), and notably, its formation was inheritable and might be memorized by host epigenetic remodeling. Regardless of the infection status, a group of genes was specifically activated in the resistant family through disruption of complete methylation. Specifically, hypo-methylation and hyper-expression of genes related to lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and iron homeostasis might provide rich sources of specific carbon (lactate) and ions for the colonization of S. algae, which directly results in the reduction of Vibrio load in shrimp. Lactate feeding increased the survival of shrimp, while knockdown of LDH gene decreased the survival when shrimp was infected by Vibrio pathogens. In addition, treatment of shrimp with the methyltransferase inhibitor 5-azacytidine resulted in upregulations of LDH and some protein processing genes, significant enrichment of S. algae, and simultaneous reduction of Vibrio in shrimp. Our results suggest that the colonization resistance can be memorized as epigenetic information by the host, which has played a pivotal role in vibriosis resistance. The findings of this study will aid in disease control and the selection of superior lines of shrimp with high disease resistance.
Sterol 14-alpha demethylase (CYP51) activity in Leishmania donovani is likely dependent upon cytochrome P450 reductase 1
Authors: Tulloch Lindsay B. , Tinti Michele , Wall Richard J. , Weidt Stefan K. , Corpas- Lopez Victoriano , Dey Gourav , Smith Terry K. , Fairlamb Alan H. , Barrett Michael P. , Wyllie Susan
Published: July 2024

Liposomal amphotericin B is an important frontline drug for the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis, a neglected disease of poverty. The mechanism of action of amphotericin B (AmB) is thought to involve interaction with ergosterol and other ergostane sterols, resulting in disruption of the integrity and key functions of the plasma membrane. Emergence of clinically refractory isolates of Leishmania donovani and L. infantum is an ongoing issue and knowledge of potential resistance mechanisms can help to alleviate this problem. Here we report the characterisation of four independently selected L. donovani clones that are resistant to AmB. Whole genome sequencing revealed that in three of the moderately resistant clones, resistance was due solely to the deletion of a gene encoding C24-sterol methyltransferase (SMT1). The fourth, hyper-resistant resistant clone (>60-fold) was found to have a 24 bp deletion in both alleles of a gene encoding a putative cytochrome P450 reductase (P450R1). Metabolic profiling indicated these parasites were virtually devoid of ergosterol (0.2% versus 18% of total sterols in wild-type) and had a marked accumulation of 14-methylfecosterol (75% versus 0.1% of total sterols in wild-type) and other 14-alpha methylcholestanes. These are substrates for sterol 14-alpha demethylase (CYP51) suggesting that this enzyme may be a bona fide P450R specifically involved in electron transfer from NADPH to CYP51 during catalysis. Deletion of P450R1 in wild-type cells phenocopied the metabolic changes observed in our AmB hyper-resistant clone as well as in CYP51 nulls. Likewise, addition of a wild type P450R1 gene restored sterol profiles to wild type. Our studies indicate that P450R1 is essential for L. donovani amastigote viability, thus loss of this gene is unlikely to be a driver of clinical resistance. Nevertheless, investigating the mechanisms underpinning AmB resistance in these cells provided insights that refine our understanding of the L. donovani sterol biosynthetic pathway.
La Plata en el discurso de la política peruana: un estudio de casos
Authors: Alarcón-Llontop Luis-Rolando , Clavijo Correa Jorge Eder , Gonzales Moreno Carlos Martín
Published: July 2024

Como incidente, anécdota o exabrupto, la alusión al dinero ha estado presente siempre en las alocuciones de los políticos del Perú, en un contexto de desconfianza generalizada en la política y donde ciertos de esos términos y frases engrosarán el léxico popular. En este estudio se escudriñaron, por un lado, tres expresiones emblemáticas sobre el dinero espetadas por tres políticos desde seis perspectivas de análisis discursivo: formalista, enunciativa, materialista, ideológica, social y retórica; y, por otro, desde el diseño de codificación axial, bajo cinco subcategorias: relaciones, condicionamientos, nexos contextuales, mediaciones y prospectivas, vía entrevistas a expertos. El análisis del discurso arrojó que las frases “Por Dios, por la plata”, “Plata como cancha” y “La plata llega sola”, con el dinero al centro de sus mensajes, no sólo delinearon el proceder de sus autores; sino reflejan a la clase política general peruana en un marco en que la ciudadanía enjuicia las relaciones político –dinero pero las acaban por aceptar y normalizar. De las entrevistas a los expertos, más de que con su análisis sobre cada frase-político se hayan delineado casos específicos, las tres expresiones perviven en la memoria colectiva peruana sojuzgando una relación compleja y oscura entre política y dinero. Eso exige tanto para la política como para otros actores sociales impulsar estrategias que apoyen la mejora de la citada relación en bien de la gobernabilidad democrática.
Oralización del discurso en mensajería instantánea: Variación situacional e idiolectal
Authors: Cabanillas García David
Published: July 2024

El discurso digital ―máxime en mensajería instantánea (MI) y otros medios digitales cuasisincrónicos― abunda en un conjunto de rasgos lingüísticos distintivos resultantes de la emulación de la interacción oral cara a cara, a los que denominamos oralizaciones. Al margen de condicionantes sociodemográficos, estos recursos se advierten ampliamente supeditados a factores contextuales e idiolectales. A fin de constatar empíricamente las causas de su variación en el plano diafásico (considerando, asimismo, la idiosincrasia discursiva de los hablantes), se emprende un análisis textual de interacciones mediante MI basado en una propuesta tipológica de oralizaciones. El corpus de trabajo se compila a partir de una serie de entrevistas realizadas a través de la aplicación de MI WhatsApp. Los resultados revelan importantes restricciones situacionales, principalmente asociadas a condiciones comunicativas coloquiales, así como una notable variación idiolectal en el uso de (los distintos tipos de) oralizaciones.
Theobroma cacao L., land use conflict on the Ecuadorian coast
Authors: Reyes-Yunga Diego F. , Viera-Torres Mauricio , Pérez Gandhy , Galeas Mónica
Published: July 2024

Cocoa cultivation is one of the sectors that most contributes to Ecuador’s GDP. The aim of this study is to determine the Land-Use Conflict (UC) for cocoa in 71 cities on the coast of Ecuador. Photointerpretation has been applied to locate the crop and geospatial modeling has been used to analyze Land Use Capacity (LUC) criteria, agroecological requirements and LUC at 1:5,000. Of the total study surface area, 4.65% is occupied by cocoa crops and of this value 66.03% is in adequate use (AU) and 33.97% in LUC, and the category of UC over lightly used is the most frequent with 17.25% of the total surface in LUC. In the coastal region, the province of Guayas has the lowest LUC in contrast to Los Rios; the predominant LUC for the crop is Class III 34.32%. The findings show that the LUC of cocoa has a low concordance with the national Agroecological Zoning (AZ), since this model considers the crop in natural conditions, the main limiting factor is the vegetative wet period and does not take into account whether the crop is present in the territory. The use of national AZ information to establish crops could limit their production, since it has been demonstrated that there are cultivated areas that are not in conflict and that are exploited by farmers. This study is replicable to other crops and scalable to any area.
Enoturismo como elemento de promoción y venta en las Rutas del Vino de España en Castilla-La Mancha
Authors: Jorge-Martín Rogelio , Fernández Portela Julio
Published: July 2024

El turismo y la exportación son actividades cada vez más importantes para la economía de un territorio. Dentro de la exportación, la supervivencia exportadora, entendida como la continuidad en la exportación sin interrupciones ni abandonos, depende en gran medida del valor añadido del producto. En Castilla-La Mancha, la ausencia de valor agregado en el sector vitivinícola es la principal razón de los bajos precios de exportación e imagen negativa. Sin embargo, el enoturismo ofrece una solución a partir de la creación de experiencias singulares originadas en los elementos territoriales, como la historia, la geografía y el modo de producción, cuyos valores intangibles se transmiten a través de la visita a las bodegas. Además, la venta directa al visitante se convierte en una oportunidad de generar ingresos. Este estudio, basado en el análisis de fuentes principalmente económicas, combinando enfoques cualitativos y cuantitativos de alcance exploratorio; establece que el valor añadido del vino favorece el enoturismo que, a su vez, tiene un impacto directo en la promoción del vino y repercute en la demanda y los precios, lo que influye en las posibilidades de supervivencia exportadora de las bodegas en regiones que necesitan elementos de promoción y venta como Castilla-La Mancha. El estudio sienta las bases para futuras investigaciones en otras regiones y/o productos.
Seismic vulnerability, municipality of Toluca: a holistic analysis of the structural, social and economic aspects
Authors: Sánchez Carmona Fernando , Ordaz Hernández Alexis , Espinosa Rodríguez Luis Miguel , Salcedo Hurtado Elkin de Jesús
Published: July 2024

This research integrates physical, social, and economic aspects to address seismic vulnerability in the municipality of Toluca, Mexico. The objective is to design and implement a procedure that estimates seismic vulnerability at the urban block scale. The developed method combines physical and socio-economic dimensions to assess seismic vulnerability. The physical dimension includes susceptibility to seismic resonance, as well as the age and type of constructions, while the socio-economic dimension is based on the marginalization index. Mapping covers 7,807 urban blocks where five levels of vulnerability are identified, with 46.6% exhibiting severe and very severe levels. The resulting zoning is a robust tool for risk reduction, particularly for justifying the implementation of actions aimed at reducing vulnerability.
Tumor de células granulares en cuerda vocal a propósito de un caso
Authors: San Millán-González María , Santos-Pérez Jaime , Duque-Holguera Victoria , Martín-Pascual María Consolación , Viveros-Díez Patricia , Saboya-Romero Diana Milena
Published: July 2024

Introducción y objetivo:
El tumor de células granulares, es una neoplasia poco común que plantea desafíos en su diagnóstico y tratamiento debido a su potencial de malignización y su variedad clínica. Este artículo revisa un caso clínico de dicho tumor en la cuerda vocal derecha tratado en nuestro servicio y busca resumir la evidencia científica actual sobre esta patología.

Método:
Se presenta el caso de un varón de 33 años con síntomas de disfonía, odinofagia y hemoptisis, tras la toma de una biopsia fue diagnosticado de tumor de células granulares en la cuerda vocal derecha. Se le realizó una microcirugía endolaríngea y una cordectomía derecha transoral subligamentosa para extirpar el tumor. Se realizaron biopsias y análisis histopatológicos.

Resultados:
El paciente experimentó una recuperación satisfactoria, sin recidiva del tumor, y una mejora notable en la calidad de su voz después del tratamiento.

Discusión:
El tumor de células granulares es una neoplasia inusual con preferencia por la región de cabeza y cuello. Puede manifestarse con síntomas como disfonía, estridor y disnea. Se caracteriza por su apariencia macroscópica bien delimitada y por un crecimiento lento. El diagnóstico diferencial es esencial, y los estudios inmunohistoquímicos son útiles para confirmar la presencia de este tumor.

Conclusiones:
El tratamiento principal de esta neoplasia en las cuerdas vocales consiste en su extirpación quirúrgica, y el seguimiento regular postoperatorio es esencial para evaluar la evolución sintomática y detectar complicaciones. Es importante tener en cuenta la capacidad potencialmente maligna de estos tumores y su variabilidad clínica, lo que enfatiza la necesidad de una atención cuidadosa y continua en el manejo de esta patología.
Standardizing Immunophenotyping Research Tools to Improve MDS and the Immune System
Authors: Beretta Leonardo ,   Beckman Coulter Life Sciences
Published: July 2024

Global life expectancy continues to rise, and now stands at an average of 73 years. It is in these later years that poor blood cell formation can result in myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), one of the most common blood cancers. It is characterized by a vast range of symptoms, from fatigue and paleness to more severe complications, such as anemia and thrombocytopenia. More disconcertingly, MDS patients show a propensity for leukemic evolution. Despite ongoing efforts, the underlying causes of MDS onset have not been fully uncovered.
Effects of Retrograde Colonic Enema-Based Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in the Treatment of Childhood Constipation: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Controlled Trial
Authors: Gu Xu , Yang Zhonghua , Kou Youwei , Yang Fan , Wang Yang , Chen Ying , Wang Enhui , Jiang Xuzheng , Bai Yuzuo , Zhang Zhibo , Zhang Shucheng
Published: July 2024

INTRODUCTION:

Management of intractable childhood constipation is still challenging. The efficacy of retrograde colonic enema (RCE) with fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) in intractable childhood constipation has not been established, although both have demonstrated potential in gastrointestinal diseases. The aim of this study was to determine the safety and efficacy of RCE-based FMT in the treatment of intractable constipation in children.

METHODS:

A randomized, double-blind, controlled trial with 110 children was conducted. The patients were randomly assigned to the FMT with RCE group or the placebo with RCE group. All participants received a daily RCE, followed by a 4-week FMT treatment (twice a week) and a 12-week follow-up period. Spontaneous bowel movements ≥ 3 per week were the main outcomes, and the risk ratio with 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated. Changes in intestinal bacterial profile were analyzed by BOX-PCR-based DNA fingerprinting and sequencing. The adverse effects were assessed based on symptoms.

RESULTS:

At the end of the follow-up period, 22 patients (40.0%) in the FMT with RCE group and 10 patients (18.2%) in the placebo with RCE group had ≥ 3 spontaneous bowel movements per week (net difference = 21.8%, 95% CI: 13.2%–30.4%; risk ratio: 1.364, 95% CI: 1.063–1.749; P < 0.05). Both RCE and FMT enriched the intestinal bacterial diversity of patients with constipation. The adverse events were all mild self-limiting gastrointestinal symptoms.

DISCUSSION:

FMT enhances the efficacy of RCE, and the use of RCE-based FMT is a safe and effective method in the treatment of intractable constipation in children.
Prolonged Asymptomatic Tracheal Aspiration of a Small Bowel Capsule Endoscope
Authors: Travers Jared , Isenberg Gerard
Published: July 2024

Aspiration into the respiratory tract is a rare complication of capsule endoscopy. We describe a patient whose small bowel capsule endoscopy was complicated by aspiration into the proximal trachea without apparent respiratory symptoms. Spontaneous expulsion of the capsule device through coughing occurred approximately 10 hours later.
Tunisian engineers: protagonists of Tunisia’s modernisation. Two key moments: 1956 and 1987
Authors: Mansouri Amani , Rodríguez Ortiz Jorge Alonso
Published: July 2024

Engineers have played a key role in Tunisia’s modernisation process during and after its independence. They were crucial in almost all aspects of life. From the beginning of the reformist project, they were close to power and even made demands according to their interests. However, they did not know how to generate such cohesion within their group that would allow them to consolidate and have political influence. Two fundamental moments in the process of modernisation showing the evolution of a profession that went from the height of its splendour to its decline, with all that this meant and implied for all aspects of Tunisian life.
The annual G20 scorecard – research and innovation performance 2024
Authors: Rogers Gordon
Published: July 2024

The 2024 G20 scorecard, compiled by expert analysts and data scientists at the Institute for Scientific Information (ISI)™, examines the research and innovation capabilities of each G20 member through dynamic, interactive data visualizations. This year, for the first time, it includes additional data to demonstrate the impact of research and innovation on society in the form of patent activity. It contains expanded analyses of data on the research focused on the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), examining the collaborative and accessible nature of this research. The scorecard also includes data for the European Union and the G20’s new permanent member, the African Union.
Æsthesis, Tecnologias Digitais e Educação: a formação dos sentidos humanos na era do virtual
Authors: Alves Antônio José Lopes , Silva Sabina Maura
Published: July 2024

Resumo: O artigo examina os desdobramentos dos atuais procedimentos de virtualização dos processos produtivos e interativos no que estes representam, e podem representar, para a constituição de um novo universo de experiência da realidade e das atividades cotidianas dos indivíduos. Reformulação que enquadra de novo modo a própria æsthesis, o conjunto das potências de percepção e apropriação objetiva e subjetiva de mundo. A partir da inquirição desses aspectos, ensaia-se, ao fim, uma prospecção das implicações práticas e teóricas de tais desenvolvimentos para a atividade educativa.
Palavras-chave: Sensibilidade; Virtualidade; Marx; Educação; Individualidade
Æsthesis, Digital Technologies and Education: the formation of human senses in the virtual’s era
Abstract: The article examines the current processes of virtualization of productive and interactive processes in what these represent, and can represent, for the constitution of a new universe of experience of reality and the daily activities of individuals. A reformulation framing in the new way the aesthesis itself, the set of all the powers of perception and objective and subjective appropriation of the world. From the examination of these aspects, a prospective study of the practical and theoretical implications of such developments for the educational activity.
Keywords: Sensitivity; Virtuality; Marx; Education; Individuality
Æsthesis, Technologies Numériques et Éducation : la formation des sens humains à l’ère du virtuelle
Résumé : L’article examine les développements des procédures actuelles pour la virtualisation des processus productifs et interactifs dans ce qu’ils représentent, et peuvent représenter, pour la constitution d’un nouvel univers d’expérience de la réalité et des activités quotidiennes des individus. Reformulation qui encadre l’ésthèse elle-même, l’ensemble des pouvoirs de perception et d’appropriation objective et subjective du monde. De l’étude de ces aspects, il est testé, à la fin, une prospection des implications pratiques et théoriques de tels développements pour l’activité éducative.
Mots-clés : Sensibilité ; Virtualité ; Marx ; Éducation ; Individualité
Data de registro: 23/09/2022
Data de aceite: 23/08/2022
Diário de 07 de agosto de 1931 até o dia de minha morte
Authors: Nunes Gabriel Galbiatti
Published: July 2024

Resumo: No final do ano de 1930, Benjamin muda-se para um pequeno apartamento em Wilmersdorf, em Berlim. Rodeado pelos seus cerca de dois mil livros e podendo, pela primeira vez, realizar plenamente a sua vocação de escritor, como crítico literário, ele vive o ponto alto de sua vida profissional. Contudo, em 1931, após Anton Kippenberg negar o pedido de Benjamin de publicação de um livro seu sobre o centenário de Goethe, o filósofo cai em profunda depressão. Ele escreve, então, o texto “Diário de 7 de agosto de 1931 até o dia de minha morte”, que começa com uma sentença já não muito encorajadora: “Não prometo que este diário será muito longo. Hoje, recebi a resposta negativa de Kippenberg e, por isso, meu plano ganha a total atualidade que somente um impasse é capaz de oferecer”. Seu plano? O suicídio. Benjamin planejava reunir, neste escrito, uma síntese dos pontos centrais de seu pensamento, antes de tirar sua própria vida. O diário, de fato, não se estendeu longamente: ele segue apenas até o dia 16 de agosto, quando Benjamin desiste de dar continuidade ao texto e ao suicídio. Entretanto, seu anseio de sintetizar ao menos algumas de suas ideias mais originais consta nas poucas páginas, que ele se dedicou a produzir. No Diário, encontrar-se-ão iluminações ao conceito de história proposto pelo autor – em especial, pela atenção a partir de nova ótica que o filósofo, aqui, oferece ao conceito de origem (Ursprung) –, informações a respeito do debate entre Benjamin e Kraus, assim como uma discussão a respeito do papel do romance, no contexto da modernidade.
Data de registro: 01/08/2023
Data de aceite: 24/01/2024
Autoria original: Walter Benjamim *
* Nascido em 15 de julho de 1892, em Berlim, Walter Benedix Schönflies Benjamin foi um filósofo, crítico literário e tradutor alemão. Com um pensamento que amalgama de um modo original o materialismo histórico, a teologia judaico-cristã, o romantismo alemão, assim como um conjunto de outras fontes difusas, Benjamin fez importantes contribuições não só à crítica ao pensamento burguês em decadência durante o período entre a Primeira e a Segunda Guerra Mundial, mas também à concepção de história, à estética e à filosofia da linguagem.
Tradução: Gabriel Galbiatti Nunes **
** Mestre em Filosofia na Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU). Doutorando em Filosofia na Universidade Federal de Uberlândia; bolsista da FAPEMIG. E-mail: gabriel.galbiatti.nunes@hotmail.com; LATTES: http://lattes.cnpq.br/0820496417282003; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5763-7171
Ethnomathematics in Traditional Food: Enhancing Mathematical Literacy in Early Childhood
Authors: Jasmani Jasmani , Suryana Dadan , Yaswinda Yaswinda , Mahyuddin Nenny
Published: July 2024

This study explores the integration of ethnomathematical concepts found in traditional West Sumatran food and their influence on the mathematical literacy skills of children aged 5-6 years. Employing a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest control group design, the research aimed to compare mathematical literacy outcomes before and after ethnomathematics-based learning interventions. A purposive sample of 12 kindergarten students from Koto Besar was assessed using structured observation sheets, and data were analyzed with SPSS 22.0. Results showed significant improvements in mathematical literacy, with pretest scores ranging from 11 to 16 and posttest scores from 20 to 30, indicating a score increase of 7 to 14 points. Normality and homogeneity tests confirmed the data's validity. The findings emphasize the effectiveness of using traditional food in teaching mathematical concepts, making them more relatable and engaging for young children while preserving cultural heritage. The study also highlights active participation and enhanced comprehension among children through culturally contextualized learning. Limitations include the small sample size and short intervention period, which may affect generalizability. Future research should involve larger samples and longer durations to confirm these findings and explore broader educational implications. Integrating ethnomathematics through traditional foods presents a promising strategy for improving mathematical literacy and cultural awareness in early childhood education.
Life Cycle Assessment of Jeans Production Using Organic and Conventional Cotton
Authors: Khatun Murshida
Published: July 2024

Because of concerns about environmental impacts and the growing demand for denim jeans, the textile sector must implement innovative strategies to improve sustainability. The present study investigated the advantages of using organic cotton rather than conventional cotton. A life cycle assessment approach was used to investigate the environmental effects of a pair of jeans in four distinct scenarios due to the excessive use of natural resources in the manufacturing of cotton, which is a necessary raw material for textiles. The other possibilities were selected based on a product's type of cotton, manufacturing technique and geographical location. The ReCiPe midpoint (H) approach was used to analyse the environmental impact categories of fossil resource scarcity (FRS), terrestrial ecotoxicity (TE), terrestrial acidification (TA) and global warming (GW). Considering only raw materials, organic cotton has achieved remarkable improvements in four impact categories –FRS (-24.34%), GW (-19.83%), TA (-11.31%) and TE (-36.45%) – relative to conventional cotton. When considering the entire life cycle of denim jeans, life cycle assessment results indicated that Scenario 2 had the lowest environmental impacts.
Compared to conventional cotton, however, organic cotton has less of an environmental impact throughout the cotton-growing phase. Moreover, the use of an air-jet loom and ring spinning uses in Scenarios 3 and 4 results in the consumption of more energy. Thus, the best result for reducing environmental impacts derives from the use of organic cotton with conventional weaving and open-end spinning. Using organic cotton as a raw material during the production process greatly improves the life cycle of a pair of jeans.
Disrupting comfort: From low-carbon to low-impact cities
Authors: De Castro Mazarro Alejandro , Joshi Neelakshi , Samartzidis Lasare
Published: July 2024

In this commentary, we argue for the low-impact city as an alternative to the dominant urban imaginary of the low-carbon city. We adopt an ecological economics lens to expose the limitations of the urban resource efficiency paradigm when tackling environmental degradation beyond city boundaries. Based on the interpretation of urbanisation as a material practice, we urge for a fundamental recalibration of sustainability paradigms in urban planning. To integrate the impacts of urbanisation on non-urban landscapes within the framework of urban sustainability science, we furthermore stress the urgent need for frugality, resource reduction, and inclusiveness in urban planning practice.
Cover Jurnal Fitopatologi Vol. 20 No. 3, Mei 2024
Authors: Editors Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia
Published: July 2024

This editorial contains the front cover, editorial page, and back cover of the Jurnal Fitopatologi Vol. 20 No. 3, May 2024.
THE INFLUENCE OF VEGETABLE FARMERS' PERCEPTIONS AND INTERESTS ON THE DECISION TO USE FINANCIAL TECHNOLOGY IN PASIRWANGI SUBDISTRICT, GARUT DISTRICT
Authors: Salsabila Ega Putri , Karyani Tuti
Published: July 2024

Vegetable commodities have the potential and play an active role in contributing to GDP (Gross Domestic Product). West Java, Garut Regency is a district that is dominant in producing vegetable commodities where one of its central sub-districts is Pasirwangi. The basic problem that is often faced by the agricultural sector is capital, farmers in Pasirwangi Subdistrict also face the same thing. The presence of financial technology as a technology is expected to facilitate farmer capital and encourage the advancement of modern agricultural financing technology. This study aims to describe the perceptions and interests of vegetable farmers towards financial technology and to analyze the influence of these variables on the decision to use. The research was conducted in Pasirwangi Subdistrict with 60 respondents. The research design uses a quantitative research design and survey methods. The data analysis used is descriptive analysis and multiple linear regression. The results of the study show that farmers have a fairly good perception and interest in financial technology, this is assessed from the answers to each indicator. Farmers' perceptions and interests are classified as significant so that they have an influence on the decision to use financial technology.
Dostęp do oddłużenia w obliczu konstytucyjnej zasady równości wobec prawa. Ewolucja polskich uregulowań prawnych
Authors: Mrówczyński Marek
Published: July 2024

Oddłużenie zostało wprowadzone do polskiego systemu prawa ustawą Prawo upadłościowe i naprawcze z 2003 r. Rozwiązania ustawodawcze z tego zakresu poddano w artykule ocenie z punktu widzenia zasady równości wobec prawa, wykorzystując metodę dogmatycznoprawną. Dokonanie takiej oceny – jako cel opracowania – jest problemem o fundamentalnym znaczeniu, albowiem zasada równości wobec prawa ustanowiona jest nie tylko polską Konstytucją, lecz także aktami prawa międzynarodowego i unijnego. Początkowo oddłużenie przeznaczone było w zasadzie dla przedsiębiorców, z tym że będących osobami fizycznymi, gdyż bezprzedmiotowe jest stosowanie oddłużenia w upadłości osób prawnych. W każdym razie w punkcie wyjścia kształt regulacji nie realizował zasady równości między osobami fizycznymi. Początkiem zmian było uchwalenie w 2008 r. przepisów o upadłości konsumenckiej. W kolejnych latach zarówno przepisy o oddłużeniu przedsiębiorców, jak i przepisy o oddłużeniu konsumentów były kilkukrotnie w istotny sposób nowelizowane. Wśród wniosków płynących z przeanalizowania tej ewolucji najistotniejsze są te dotyczące porównania sytuacji prawnej w zakresie dostępu do oddłużenia obu tych kategorii osób fizycznych. Oddłużenie obecnie – tj. po zmianach ustawodawczych – może być traktowane wręcz jako prawo podmiotowe osoby fizycznej, i to niezależnie od tego, czy prowadzi ona działalność gospodarczą. Obecny stan prawny charakteryzuje się tym, że w znaczącym stopniu osiągnięto zrównanie sytuacji prawnej osób fizycznych, w szczególności w zakresie sposobów oddłużenia i w zakresie dyrektywy co do sposobu prowadzenia postępowania upadłościowego. Pozostaje zróżnicowanie w zakresie takim, że w wypadku upadłości konsumenckiej możliwość uwzględnienia przez sąd wniosku o ogłoszenie upadłości – a w konsekwencji o oddłużenie – nie jest powiązane z kwestią możliwości pokrycia przez dłużnika kosztów postępowania upadłościowego.
The Effects of AAC based Communication Program in School-Home Cooperation on Communication Skill of Students with Developmental Disabilities
Authors: Min Mi Young , Ji Kyoung Mi , Bae Soo Jin ,   Korean Society of Augmentative and Alternative Communication
Published: July 2024

Background and objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the educational effect on communication skill of students with developmental disabilities in a special school by daily experience communication program based on AAC in association with students’ home. This study intended to find improvements in the exact use of words, usability of vocabularies and speaking ability with complete sentences. Methods: This study involved two first-grade and two sixth-grade students, who were able to be intervened in association with students’ home. Also one adult student in vocational training participated in this study in order to explore the expandibility of this AAC program. During the six month long intervention period, daily experience communication program was conducted once a week in school schedule by using customized booklets prepared according to a student’s daily experience and communication skill level. By sharing the related program materials with a student’ family, this AAC based program was conducted consistently at school and at home. Results: Many meaningful results showed participants in various communication skills such as voluntary communication attempts, vocal communication skill and ability to utilize AAC. Conclusion: In Conclusion, this study indicated the potential for developing a school-wide AAC program and the efficacy of cooperation with students’ home. Also this study suggested the further research need for developing customized ACC programs for students of various ages and levels within a special school.
On the role of surface stress in environment-assisted fracture
Authors: Udupa Anirudh , Mohanty Debapriya P. , Mallick Shatabdi , Mann James B. , Latanision Ronald M. , Chandrasekar Srinivasan
Published: July 2024

Environment effects in plasticity and fracture of metals, well studied for several decades, still pose many unanswered questions. A micro-mechanics explanation of how dislocation activity is influenced by the material surface state, that can answer these questions, has been elusive. We build on a recently discovered effect in metal cutting – organic monolayer embrittlement (OME) – wherein metal surfaces are rendered brittle by long-chain organic adsorbates, to explore how material state variables influence surface plasticity and fracture. In particular, cutting experiments with Al containing Self Assembled Monolayers (SAMs), show that the OME is controlled by surface stress (f) induced by the adsorbates. This is contrary to many instances of environment-assisted fracture which are usually attributed to surface energy changes, and wherein f is largely ignored. Other contributions include (a) a cantilever technique to measure surface stress, (b) demonstration of strong effect of SAM molecule chain length on f, (c) characterization of how dislocation activity at crack-tips is affected by adsorbate-induced f, and (d) large improvements in machining processes enabled by controlled environment-assisted fracture. We make the case that surface stress, due to adsorbates, likely influences all environmentally assisted cracking (EAC) phenomena, warranting a revisit of extant models of EAC.
Terpene-based novel invasomes: pioneering cancer treatment strategies in traditional medicine
Authors: Dwivedi Renu , Bala Rajni , Madaan Reecha , Singh Sumitra , Sindhu Rakesh K.
Published: July 2024

Health care workers have faced a significant challenge because of the rise in cancer incidence around the world during the past 10 years. Among various forms of malignancy skin cancer is most common, so there is need for the creation of an efficient and safe skin cancer treatment that may offer targeted and site-specific tumor penetration, and reduce unintended systemic toxicity. Nanocarriers have thus been employed to get around the issues with traditional anti-cancer drug delivery methods. Invasomes are lipid-based nanovesicles having small amounts of terpenes and ethanol or a mixture of terpenes and penetrate the skin more effectively. Compared to other lipid nanocarriers, invasomes penetrate the skin at a substantially faster rate. Invasomes possess a number of advantages, including improved drug effectiveness, higher compliance, patient convenience, advanced design, multifunctionality, enhanced targeting capabilities, non-invasive delivery methods, potential for combination therapies, and ability to overcome biological barriers,. These attributes position invasomes as a promising and innovative platform for the future of cancer treatment. The current review provides insights into invasomes, with a fresh organizational scheme and incorporates the most recent cancer research, including their composition, historical development and methods of preparation, the penetration mechanism involving effect of various formulation variables and analysis of anticancer mechanism and the application of invasomes.
Oligohydramnios at term in the high-risk population – how severe is severe?
Authors: Pekar-Zlotin Marina , Hirsh Nimrod , Melcer Yaakov , Wiener Yifat , Kugler Nadav , Zilberman Sharon Nataly , Maymon Ron
Published: July 2024

Objectives

The term oligohydramnios is linked to pregnancy complications. We previously presented the outcome of the low-risk population (no pregnancy complications) with term oligohydramnios. This study aims to address the high-risk group (Any maternal complication during pregnancy, such as gestational diabetes, pre-gestational diabetes, chronic hypertension, preeclampsia, anemia, asthma, obesity, and multi parity.)

Methods

This retrospective cohort study of 1,114 singleton term (≥37), oligohydramnios (AFI <50 mm) pregnancies from Shamir Medical Center between 2017 and 2021. Compering the low-risk to high-risk groups with subdivision by severity of oligohydramnios.

Results

A total of 211 subjects (19 %) were high-risk cases and 903 (81 %) low-risk cases. Comparing these two groups, subjects of the high-risk group were older (31.34 ± 5.85 vs. 29.51 vs. 4.96), had earlier gestational age at delivery 39.53 ± 1.18 vs. 40, had higher mean AFI (35 ± 12.7 vs. 33 ± 14.5), were subject to more labor inductions (81 vs. 69.7 %), and CS rate (19.9 vs. 12.4 %). Logistic regression revealed a need for more cesarean sections in the high-risk group. Additionally, more labor inductions and a higher risk of negative fetal outcomes.

Conclusions

This study highlights the importance of considering pregnancy risk factors when we are approaching oligohydramnios in high-risk pregnancies.
Writer and participant visibility in quantitative and qualitative research: a corpus-assisted study of human agent verbs in health science publications
Authors: Breeze Ruth
Published: July 2024

Quantitative and qualitative research writing is thought to differ in a number of ways, which include the visibility given to the human agents involved, that is, writers and participants in the study. However, most studies have so far centred on writer visibility alone, which has been measured principally through personal pronoun use. This paper approaches the issue of writer and participant visibility in one area of research where both quantitative and qualitative methods are frequent, namely health sciences. A new methodology is applied, based on the presence of verbs that imply a human agent and thus potentially offer an opportunity for writer or participant visibility. Two corpora are built to represent quantitative and qualitative research writing in health sciences, and quantitative data are obtained. Exploration of the most frequent human-agent verbs, their active uses and their subjects shows that both quantitative and qualitative researchers in health science maintain low writer visibility, but that both writers and participants are more visible in the case of studies using qualitative methodology. These findings are discussed in the light of the bibliography, and pointers are provided for future research. The contribution of the present paper to corpus-assisted research on academic writing is highlighted. Finally, some applications for teaching scientific writing at graduate level are proposed.
Giant second-harmonic generation in monolayer MoS2 boosted by dual bound states in the continuum
Authors: Wang Ji Tong , You Jian Wei , Panoiu Nicolae C.
Published: July 2024

Dielectric metasurfaces open new avenues in nonlinear optics through their remarkable capability of boosting frequency conversion efficiency of nonlinear optical interactions. Here, a metasurface consisting of a square array of cruciform-shaped silicon building blocks covered by a monolayer MoS2 is proposed. By designing the metasurface so that it supports optical bound states in the continuum (BICs) at the fundamental frequency and second harmonic, nearly 600× enhancement of the second-harmonic generation (SHG) in the MoS2 monolayer as compared to that of the same MoS2 monolayer suspended in air is achieved. To gain deeper insights into the physics of the metasurface-induced enhancement of nonlinear optical interactions, an eigenmode expansion method is employed to analytically investigate the main characteristics of SHG and the results show a good agreement with the results obtained via full-wave numerical simulations. In addition, a versatile nonlinear homogenization approach is used to highlight and understand the interplay between the BICs of the metasurface and the efficiency of the SHG process. This work suggests a promising method to enhance the nonlinear optical processes in two-dimensional materials, enabling the development of advanced photonic nanodevices.
Messunsicherheit einer Kalibriereinrichtung für Wärmestromsensoren – Unsicherheit der Temperaturdifferenz
Authors: Beerel Joseph , Bartz Frederik , Fröhlich Thomas
Published: July 2024

Wärmestromsensoren werden in den verschiedensten Applikationen eingesetzt. Dabei ist eine Kalibrierung der Sensoren unumgänglich. In diesem Beitrag wird die Bedeutung von Wärmestromsensoren und die Notwendigkeit einer Kalibrierung aufgezeigt. Zu diesem Zweck wurde am Institut für Prozessmess- und Sensortechnik der Technischen Universität Ilmenau ein Kalibrierstand entwickelt und aufgebaut, der die rückführbare Kalibrierung von Wärmestromsensoren ermöglicht. Mit dieser Einrichtung können Wärmestromsensoren durch einen Vergleich gegenüber einem Referenzwärmestromsensor, basierend auf Wärmeleitprozessen, kalibriert werden. Vor diesem Hintergrund wird der Aufbau der Kalibriereinrichtung sowie der enthaltenen Sensorik diskutiert und eine umfassende Unsicherheitsbetrachtung zum eingeprägten Wärmestrom angestellt. Der Schwerpunkt dieser Unsicherheitsbetrachtung liegt auf der Messung von Temperaturdifferenzen innerhalb der Einrichtung, die einen maßgeblichen Einfluss auf die Unsicherheit des rückführbaren Wärmestroms haben. Aus der umfassenden Unsicherheitsbetrachtung resultiert für den bereitgestellten Wärmestrom in der Kalibriereinrichtung eine um (k = 2) erweiterte relative Messunsicherheit von 2,9 %.