bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cell Proliferation, Viability, Differentiation, and Apoptosis of Iron Oxide Labeled Stem Cells Transfected with Lipofectamine Assessed by MRI
Authors: Jalli Reza , Mehrabani Davood , Zare Shahrokh , Saeedi Moghadam Mahdi , Jamhiri Iman , Manafi Navid , Mehrabani Golshid , Ghabanchi Janan , Razeghian Jahromi Iman , Rasouli-Nia Aghdass , Karimi-Busheri Feridoun
Published: March 2023

To assess in vitro and in vivo tracking of iron oxide labeled stem cells transfected by lipofectamine using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), rat dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) were characterized, labeled with iron oxide nanoparticles, and then transfected with lipofectamine to facilitate the internalization of these nanoparticles. Cell proliferation, viability, differentiation, and apoptosis were investigated. Prussian blue staining and MRI were used to trace transfected labeled cells. DPSCs were a morphologically spindle shape, adherent to culture plates, and positive for adipogenic and osteogenic inductions. They expressed CD73 and CD90 markers and lacked CD34 and CD45. Iron oxide labeling and transfection with lipofectamine in DPSCs had no toxic impact on viability, proliferation, and differentiation, and did not induce any apoptosis. In vitro and in vivo internalization of iron oxide nanoparticles within DPSCs were confirmed by Prussian blue staining and MRI tracking. Prussian blue staining and MRI tracking in the absence of any toxic effects on cell viability, proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis were safe and accurate to track DPSCs labeled with iron oxide and transfected with lipofectamine. MRI can be a useful imaging modality when treatment outcome is targeted.
Pelvic Pain, Mental Health and Quality of Life in Adolescents with Endometriosis after Surgery and Dienogest Treatment
Authors: Khashchenko Elena P. , Uvarova Elena V. , Chuprynin Vladimir D. , Pustynnikova Margarita Yu. , Fatkhudinov Timur Kh. , Elchaninov Andrey V. , Gardanova Zhanna R. , Ivanets Tatyana Yu. , Vysokikh Mikhail Yu. , Sukhikh Gennady T.
Published: March 2023

Background: Diagnostic and treatment delays have caused significant impacts on the physical and emotional well-being of adolescents with endometriosis, though such research is limited. This study aimed to assess the effects of one-year dienogest therapy on the clinical picture, pain patterns, psycho-emotional status, and quality-of-life indicators in adolescents with endometriosis after surgical treatment. Methods: The study enrolled 32 girls aged 13–17 with peritoneal endometriosis to analyze one-year dynamics of the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), McGill Pain Questionnaire, Beck Depression Scale (BDI), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and SF-36 quality-of-life survey scores along with clinical and laboratory indicators before surgery and after one-year dienogest therapy. Results. The therapy provided a significant alleviation of endometriosis-associated clinical symptoms, including dysmenorrhea, pelvic pain, gastrointestinal/dysuria symptoms, decreased everyday activity (<0.001), a decrease in anxiety/depression scores (BDI, HADS, STAI), and quality-of-life improvement (<0.001). These effects were accompanied by beneficial dynamics in hormone and inflammatory markers (prolactin, cortisol, testosterone, estradiol, CA-125, neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio; <0.005) within reference ranges. A low body mass index and high C-reactive protein levels were associated with higher VAS scores; a high estradiol level was a factor for anxiety/depression aggravation (<0.05). Conclusions: Dienogest, after surgical treatment, significantly improved quality of life and reduced pain symptoms while showing good tolerability and compliance, and reasoning with timely hormonal therapy in adolescents with endometriosis.
The SALINE Technique for the Treatment of the No-Reflow Phenomenon during Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in STEMI
Authors: Grancini Luca , Diana Davide , Centola Alice , Monizzi Giovanni , Mastrangelo Angelo , Olivares Paolo , Montorsi Piero , Alushi Brunilda , Bartorelli Antonio L. , Galassi Alfredo R.
Published: March 2023

Background: Primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI) performed for STEMI may be complicated by the “no-reflow” phenomenon. Aims: A super-selective intracoronary injection of saline solution through a thrombus aspiration catheter (SALINE technique), was investigated for the treatment of no-reflow as compared with the standard care of therapy (SCT). Methods: Among the 1471 patients with STEMI undergoing pPCI between May 2015 and June 2020, 168 patients developed no-reflow. Primary endpoints were the incidence of ST-segment resolution (STR) ≥ 70% at 90 min after PCI and the rate of flow restoration (TIMI flow grade 3 with an MBG > 1). The secondary endpoint was the incidence of major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events at 3 years follow-up. Results: After propensity score matching analysis, patients treated with SALINE showed STR ≥ 70% in twelve out of the sixteen patients (75.0%), compared to only three patients out of the sixteen in the SCT control group (19.0%), (p < 0.004). SALINE was associated with a higher probability of final TIMI flow grade 3 with an MBG > 1, as shown in fourteen out of sixteen patients (87.5%), as compared to only seven out of sixteen patients in the SCT group (43.8%), (p < 0.03). MACCE at 3 years follow-up occurred in only one patient (6.3%) in the SALINE group, as compared to eight patients (50%) in the SCT group (p = 0.047). Conclusions: The SALINE technique showed to be a safe and effective strategy to reduce “no-reflow” in STEMI patients as assessed by significant STR, improvement of TIMI flow grade, and better 3-year outcomes.
Retinal Ischaemia in Diabetic Retinopathy: Understanding and Overcoming a Therapeutic Challenge
Authors: Mohite Ajay A. , Perais Jennifer A. , McCullough Philip , Lois Noemi
Published: March 2023

Background: Retinal ischaemia is present to a greater or lesser extent in all eyes with diabetic retinopathy (DR). Nonetheless, our understanding of its pathogenic mechanisms, risk factors, as well as other characteristics of retinal ischaemia in DR is very limited. To date, there is no treatment to revascularise ischaemic retina. Methods: Review of the literature highlighting the current knowledge on the topic of retinal ischaemia in DR, important observations made, and underlying gaps for which research is needed. Results: A very scarce number of clinical studies, mostly cross-sectional, have evaluated specifically retinal ischaemia in DR. Interindividual variability on its natural course and consequences, including the development of its major complications, namely diabetic macular ischaemia and proliferative diabetic retinopathy, have not been investigated. The in situ, surrounding, and distance effect of retinal ischaemia on retinal function and structure and its change over time remains also to be elucidated. Treatments to prevent the development of retinal ischaemia and, importantly, to achieve retinal reperfusion once capillary drop out has ensued, are very much needed and remain to be developed. Conclusion: Research into retinal ischaemia in diabetes should be a priority to save sight.
Simultaneous Integrated Boost (SIB) vs. Sequential Boost in Head and Neck Cancer (HNC) Radiotherapy: A Radiomics-Based Decision Proof of Concept
Authors: Mireștean Camil Ciprian , Iancu Roxana Irina , Iancu Dragoș Petru Teodor
Published: March 2023

Artificial intelligence (AI) and in particular radiomics has opened new horizons by extracting data from medical imaging that could be used not only to improve diagnostic accuracy, but also to be included in predictive models contributing to treatment stratification of cancer. Head and neck cancers (HNC) are associated with higher recurrence rates, especially in advanced stages of disease. It is considered that approximately 50% of cases will evolve with loco-regional recurrence, even if they will benefit from a current standard treatment consisting of definitive chemo-radiotherapy. Radiotherapy, the cornerstone treatment in locally advanced HNC, could be delivered either by the simultaneous integrated boost (SIB) technique or by the sequential boost technique, the decision often being a subjective one. The principles of radiobiology could be the basis of an optimal decision between the two methods of radiation dose delivery, but the heterogeneity of HNC radio-sensitivity makes this approach difficult. Radiomics has demonstrated the ability to non-invasively predict radio-sensitivity and the risk of relapse in HNC. Tumor heterogeneity evaluated with radiomics, the inclusion of coarseness, entropy and other first order features extracted from gross tumor volume (GTV) in multivariate models could identify pre-treatment cases that will benefit from one of the approaches (SIB or sequential boost radio-chemotherapy) considered the current standard of care for locally advanced HNC. Computer tomography (CT) simulation and daily cone beam CT (CBCT) could be chosen as imaging source for radiomic analysis.
Prognostic Value of Absolute Lymphocyte Count in Patients with Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma Treated with Nivolumab Plus Ipilimumab
Authors: Ueda Kosuke , Ogasawara Naoyuki , Ito Naoki , Ohnishi Satoshi , Suekane Hiroki , Kurose Hirofumi , Hiroshige Tasuku , Chikui Katsuaki , Uemura Keiichiro , Nishihara Kiyoaki , Nakiri Makoto , Suekane Shigetaka , Igawa Tsukasa
Published: March 2023

Nivolumab and ipilimumab (NIVO + IPI) is standard therapy for patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) is a valuable prognostic factor in patients with various cancers treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors. Herein, we determined the prognostic value of pretreatment ALC in advanced RCC patients treated with NIVO + IPI as first-line therapy. Data from 46 advanced RCC patients treated with NIVO + IPI between September 2018 and August 2022 were retrospectively reviewed and analyzed. Median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were significantly shorter in patients with low than high ALC (PFS: p = 0.0095; OS: p = 0.0182). Multivariate analysis suggested that prior nephrectomy [hazard ratio (HR) = 3.854, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.433–10.359, p = 0.0075] and pretreatment ALC (HR = 2.513, 95% CI = 1.119–5.648, p = 0.0257) were independent factors for PFS. Our new prognostic ALNx model based on ALC and prior nephrectomy suggested that the poor-risk group was a predictor of significantly worse PFS (p < 0.0001) and OS (p = 0.0016). Collectively, the developed ALNx model may be a novel predictor of response in advanced RCC patients treated with NIVO + IPI.
Features of Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Children with and without Comorbidities
Authors: Chiner Eusebi , Sancho-Chust Jose N. , Pastor Esther , Esteban Violeta , Boira Ignacio , Castelló Carmen , Celis Carly , Vañes Sandra , Torba Anastasiya
Published: March 2023

Background: To compare the clinical and polysomnographic features of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in children with adenotonsillar hypertrophy (Group A) and comorbidities (Group B). Methods: A five-year prospective study using nocturnal polysomnography before and after treatment. Results: We included 168 patients: 121 in Group A and 47 in Group B, with differences in age (6.5 ± 3 vs. 8.6 ± 4 years; p < 0.001), body mass index (BMI) (18 ± 4 vs. 20 ± 7 kg/m2; p < 0.05), neck circumference (28 ± 4 vs. 30 ± 5 cm; p < 0.05), and obesity (17% vs. 30%; p < 0.05). Group B patients were more likely to have facial anomalies (p < 0.001), macroglossia (p < 0.01), dolichocephaly (p < 0.01), micrognathia (p < 0.001), and prognathism (p < 0.05). Adenotonsillectomy was performed in 103 Group A patients (85%) and 28 Group B patients (60%) (p < 0.001). In B, 13 children (28%) received treatment with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and 2 (4%) with bilevel positive airway pressure (BiPAP), compared with 7 in Group A (6%) (p < 0.001). Maxillofacial surgery was more common in Group B (p < 0.01). Clinical and polysomnography parameters improved significantly in both groups after therapeutic intervention, though Group A showed better results. Conclusions: Obesity and facial anomalies are more frequent in childhood OSA patients with comorbidities, who often require combination therapy, such as ventilation and surgery.
Functionalized Halloysite Nanotubes as Potential Drug Carriers
Authors: Stodolak-Zych Ewa , Rapacz-Kmita Alicja , Gajek Marcin , Różycka Agnieszka , Dudek Magdalena , Kluska Stanisława
Published: March 2023

The aim of the work was to examine the possibility of using modified halloysite nanotubes as a gentamicin carrier and to determine the usefulness of the modification in terms of the effect on the amount of the drug attached, its release time, but also on the biocidal properties of the carriers. In order to fully examine the halloysite in terms of the possibility of gentamicin incorporating, a number of modifications of the native halloysite were carried out prior to gentamicin intercalation with the use of sodium alkali, sulfuric and phosphoric acids, curcumin and the process of delamination of nanotubes (expanded halloysite) with ammonium persulfate in sulfuric acid. Gentamicin was added to unmodified and modified halloysite in an amount corresponding to the cation exchange capacity of pure halloysite from the Polish Dunino deposit, which was the reference sample for all modified carriers. The obtained materials were tested to determine the effect of surface modification and their interaction with the introduced antibiotic on the biological activity of the carrier, kinetics of drug release, as well as on the antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli Gram-negative bacteria (reference strain). For all materials, structural changes were examined using infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD); thermal differential scanning calorimetry with thermogravimetric analysis (DSC/TG) was performed as well. The samples were also observed for morphological changes after modification and drug activation by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The conducted tests clearly show that all samples of halloysite intercalated with gentamicin showed high antibacterial activity, with the highest antibacterial activity for the sample modified with sodium hydroxide and intercalated with the drug. It was found that the type of halloysite surface modification has a significant effect on the amount of gentamicin intercalated and then released into the surrounding environment but does not significantly affect its ability to further influence drug release over time. The highest amount of drug released among all intercalated samples was recorded for halloysite modified with ammonium persulfate (real loading efficiency above 11%), for which high antibacterial activity was found after surface modification, before drug intercalation. It is also worth noting that intrinsic antibacterial activity was found for non-drug-intercalated materials after surface functionalization with phosphoric acid (V) and ammonium persulfate in the presence of sulfuric acid (V).
ARAM: A Technology Acceptance Model to Ascertain the Behavioural Intention to Use Augmented Reality
Authors: Marto Anabela , Gonçalves Alexandrino , Melo Miguel , Bessa Maximino , Silva Rui
Published: March 2023

The expansion of augmented reality across society, its availability in mobile platforms and the novelty character it embodies by appearing in a growing number of areas, have raised new questions related to people’s predisposition to use this technology in their daily life. Acceptance models, which have been updated following technological breakthroughs and society changes, are known to be great tools for predicting the intention to use a new technological system. This paper proposes a new acceptance model aiming to ascertain the intention to use augmented reality technology in heritage sites—the Augmented Reality Acceptance Model (ARAM). ARAM relies on the use of the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology model (UTAUT) model’s constructs, namely performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, and facilitating conditions, to which the new and adapted constructs of trust expectancy, technological innovation, computer anxiety and hedonic motivation are added. This model was validated with data gathered from 528 participants. Results confirm ARAM as a reliable tool to determine the acceptance of augmented reality technology for usage in cultural heritage sites. The direct impact of performance expectancy, facilitating conditions and hedonic motivation is validated as having a positive influence on behavioural intention. Trust expectancy and technological innovation are demonstrated to have a positive influence on performance expectancy whereas hedonic motivation is negatively influenced by effort expectancy and by computer anxiety. The research, thus, supports ARAM as a suitable model to ascertain the behavioural intention to use augmented reality in new areas of activity.
The Impact of Return Shipping Insurance on a Retailer Based on Restricting Rights
Authors: Yang Xingyi , Dai Xiaopei , Liu Zhenyu
Published: March 2023

In e-commerce, retailers often use return shipping insurance (RSI) to solve consumer returns, leading to a high return rate. To reduce this negative effect, we consider restricting rights to restrict consumers from obtaining RSI or buying products. We examine the effect of RSI on retail pricing strategies and profits under restricting rights. We formulate a game-theoretical model which consists of one insurer, a retailer and two types of consumers (informed consumers and uninformed consumers). By solving the model, we find that even though the insurer has restricted uninformed consumers from obtaining RSI, the retailer further restricts them from buying the product when the salvage value is low. Second, when the retailer and insurer have no right to restrict uninformed consumers, purchasing RSI may hurt the retailer. Third, when the insurer restricts uninformed consumers and the product salvage is low, the retailer adopts the high-price strategy; otherwise, the retailer adopts the low-price strategy. Finally, when the product salvage is low, the retailer will prevent uninformed consumers from buying the product by adopting the high-price strategy or using the restricting right. In this case, the insurer will set a higher premium.
Soil-to-Atmosphere GHG Fluxes in Hemiboreal Deciduous Tree and Willow Coppice Based Agroforestry Systems with Mineral Soil
Authors: Bārdulis Andis , Purviņa Dana , Makovskis Kristaps , Bārdule Arta , Lazdiņa Dagnija
Published: March 2023

In this study, we estimated the magnitude of soil-to-atmosphere carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O) fluxes in deciduous tree and willow coppice based agroforestry systems in hemiboreal Latvia. We studied systems combining hybrid alder, hybrid aspen, silver birch, black alder, and willow clones with perennial reed canary grass (RCG), which were established in the spring of 2011 in former cropland with mineral soil. Three different soil fertilisation practices were initially applied (control without fertilisation, fertilisation with wood ash, and sewage sludge). Measurements of fluxes of greenhouse gases were taken in both deciduous tree, willow coppice and RCG plots using a closed opaque manual chamber method, from June 2020 to October 2021. Soil CO2 fluxes (the sum of autotrophic and heterotrophic respiration) were increased in RCG plots compared to plots under willow and deciduous tree canopies, while the highest mean CH4 fluxes were found in willow coppice plots. No impact of dominant vegetation type on instantaneous soil N2O fluxes was found. Temperature was the key determinant of the magnitude of CO2 and N2O fluxes. The highest soil CO2 and N2O fluxes were detected during the summer and decreased in the following order: summer, autumn, spring, winter. There were no pronounced relationships between soil CH4 fluxes and temperature.
Dating Agricultural Terraces in the Mediterranean Using Luminescence: Recent Progress and Challenges
Authors: Srivastava Aayush , Kinnaird Tim , Sevara Christopher , Holcomb Justin Allen , Turner Sam
Published: March 2023

Agricultural terraces provide farmers in hilly landscapes with effective ways to increase the area available for crops. They mitigate the risks of soil erosion and promote crop productivity by slowing surface water runoff and retaining moisture. As in other parts of the world, terraces have been constructed and used in the Mediterranean for millennia. The availability of terraced agriculture had important socio-economic, ecological, and environmental implications for past societies. However, the chronology of construction, use, and abandonment of terraces in different regions remains uncertain. A more robust set of chronological data will allow better assessment of whether terrace agriculture was a resilient strategy in the face of past economic or ecological instability and, in turn, inform how terraces could be used to address future agricultural and environmental challenges. In this paper, we review the application of luminescence dating to terrace sediments, the key challenges involved, and the currently published data which include over 250 luminescence ages. We also discuss the use of a multidisciplinary approach involving other geoarchaeological tools (e.g., use of GIS analyses, field-based luminescence readers, and micromorphology) to enhance the ways that past terrace systems can be understood. Terrace systems are inextricably linked to sustainable land use across the Mediterranean. Luminescence dating methods, therefore, have a crucial role to play in understanding the complexities of past and future landscape change.
Identifying Park Spatial Characteristics That Encourage Moderate-to-Vigorous Physical Activity among Park Visitors
Authors: Liu Mingxin , Chen Chenxi , Yan Jiaqi
Published: March 2023

The general consensus is that physical activity can prevent and manage lifestyle-induced chronic diseases, and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) has been included in several guidelines of WHO as an indicative intensity standard. Numerous studies have confirmed that improving the spatial quality of urban parks can be very helpful in supporting physical activities, and that the quality of parks is significantly related to the intensity of physical activities. However, few studies have explored the spatial characteristics of activating physical activities. Using a modified System for Observing Play and Recreation in Communities (SOPARC), this study examines the relationship between spatial characteristics and MVPA through a binary logistic regression model. The results reveal that: firstly, inconsistent with other similar studies, the most observed group in the park is the adults rather than the seniors, and the proportion of the females (51%) is higher; secondly, the distribution of MVPA in different groups shows that the seniors have less interaction with other groups, and they have a significant spatial attachment. Thirdly, in functionality, large lawn and jogging trails have been proved to be the most effective features to promote the occurrence of MVPA; among the activity, except for the significant correlation between equipped and MVPA, other attributes can be proved to encourage MVPA as well as those in comfort. In conclusion, our results can contribute to the planning and design of the urban park as well as the further management and allocation of the space and facilities under the vision of promoting public health.
Progressive Biocatalysts for the Treatment of Aqueous Systems Containing Pharmaceutical Pollutants
Authors: Efremenko Elena , Stepanov Nikolay , Senko Olga , Maslova Olga , Lyagin Ilya , Aslanli Aysel
Published: March 2023

The review focuses on the appearance of various pharmaceutical pollutants in various water sources, which dictates the need to use various methods for effective purification and biodegradation of the compounds. The use of various biological catalysts (enzymes and cells) is discussed as one of the progressive approaches to solving problems in this area. Antibiotics, hormones, pharmaceuticals containing halogen, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, analgesics and antiepileptic drugs are among the substrates for the biocatalysts in water purification processes that can be carried out. The use of enzymes in soluble and immobilized forms as effective biocatalysts for the biodegradation of various pharmaceutical compounds (PCPs) has been analyzed. Various living cells (bacteria, fungi, microalgae) taken as separate cultures or components of natural or artificial consortia can be involved in biocatalytic processes under aerobic or anaerobic conditions. Cells as biocatalysts introduced into water treatment systems in suspended or immobilized form are used for deep biodegradation of PCPs. The potential of combinations of biocatalysts with physical–chemical methods of wastewater treatment is evaluated in relation to the effective removing of PCPs. The review analyzes recent results and the main current trends in the development of biocatalytic approaches to biodegradation of PCPs, the pros and cons of the processes and the biocatalysts used.
Bladder Neck Obstruction: Experience and Management in a Sperm Bank
Authors: Hirsch Maria Neve , Pallotti Francesco , Faja Fabiana , Buonacquisto Alessandra , Cicolani Gaia , Conflitti Anna Chiara , Di Chiano Silvia , Lenzi Andrea , Lombardo Francesco , Paoli Donatella
Published: March 2023

Primary Bladder Neck Obstruction (PBNO) management provides medical and surgical treatment, such as transurethral incisions that can lead to retrograde ejaculation. The aim of this study was to investigate the maintenance of anterograde ejaculation and semen quality before and after this surgical procedure. A retrospective evaluation was carried out between 2011 and 2020. A total of 73 patients diagnosed with PBNO were recruited. Ejaculatory function, semen quality, and the fertility of recruited subjects were evaluated. Semen parameters—Baseline, 8.2% of patients were oligozoospermic and 12.3% had a semen volume below the WHO 2010 fifth percentile. Post-surgery, 20% of patients were oligozoospermic. We detected a significant decrease in total sperm number, a significant increase in the number of abnormal forms, and a reduction in the leukocyte concentration. Ejaculatory function—A total of 7.7% of patients reported anejaculation after transurethral incision of the bladder neck. Fertility—9.2% of the patients already had children before surgery; 13.8% had naturally conceived children in the years following surgery; 76.9% had no desire for paternity at the time. Our data have important implications for sperm bank management. The alterations in semen parameters and the risk of anejaculation suggest that the use of sperm cryopreservation before surgery for PBNO should be encouraged.
Application of Arthrospira platensis for Medicinal Purposes and the Food Industry: A Review of the Literature
Authors: Gentscheva Galia , Nikolova Krastena , Panayotova Veselina , Peycheva Katya , Makedonski Lubomir , Slavov Pavlo , Radusheva Poli , Petrova Petia , Yotkovska Ina
Published: March 2023

Arthrospira platensis is a filamentous cyanobacterium of the class Cyanophyceae and is the most cultivated photosynthetic prokaryote. It is used in the pharmaceutical sector, medicine and the food industry. It has a rich micro- and macro-element composition, containing proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, essential amino acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, minerals and raw fibers. It is a commonly used ingredient in food products and nutritional supplements. The wide range of biologically active components determines its diverse pharmacological properties (antioxidant, antidiabetic, antimicrobial, antineoplastic, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, photoprotective, antiviral, etc.). This review summarizes research related to the taxonomy, distribution and chemical composition of Arthrospira platensis as well as its potential application in the food and pharmaceutical industries. Attention is drawn to its various medical applications as an antidiabetic and antiobesity agent, with hepatoprotective, antitumor, antimicrobial and antiviral effects as well as regulatory effects on neurodegenerative diseases.
ZJUSAH Classification: A New Classification for Primary Brainstem Hemorrhage
Authors: Zhou Jingyi , Ping An , Mao Jizhong , Gu Yichen , Liu Fengqiang , Shao Anwen
Published: March 2023

To analyze and improve ZJUSAH classification for primary brainstem hematoma, we retrospectively reviewed 211 patients with primary brainstem hemorrhage who were admitted to our institution between January 2014 and October 2020. The primary clinical outcomes were the 30-day survival rate and 90-day consciousness recovery rate, which were evaluated using the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score. Univariate logistic regression and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed to evaluate the prognostic model. The overall 30-day survival rate of the 211 patients was 69.7%. The 30-day survival rate was 95% among Type 1 patients, 77.8% among Type 2 patients, and 63.2% among Type 3 patients. The 90-day consciousness recovery rate was 63.2% among Type 1 patients, 61.9% among Type 2 patients, and 30.2% among Type 3 patients. Our findings suggest that ZJUSAH classification can be optimized according to hematoma volume, with Type 3 patients with a hematoma larger than 12.4 mL tending to have a worse state of consciousness. Additionally, we discovered that ZJUSAH classification is valuable in predicting 30-day survival rates in conservative treatment patients. In conclusion, our study established and optimized a new CT-based hematoma classification system for primary brainstem hematoma, which facilitates treatment selection and prognostic prediction.
First Comparative Evaluation of Short-Chain Fatty Acids and Vitamin-K-Dependent Proteins Levels in Mother–Newborn Pairs at Birth
Authors: Ilyés Tamás , Pop Marius , Surcel Mihai , Pop Daria M. , Rusu Răzvan , Silaghi Ciprian N. , Zaharie Gabriela C. , Crăciun Alexandra M.
Published: March 2023

Background: The interplay between vitamin K (vitK) (as carboxylation cofactor, partially produced by the gut microbiota) and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), the end-product of fiber fermentation in the gut, has never been assessed in mother–newborn pairs, although newborns are considered vitK deficient and with sterile gut. Methods: We collected venous blood from 45 healthy mothers with uncomplicated term pregnancies and umbilical cord blood from their newborns at birth. The concentrations of total SCFAs and hepatic/extra-hepatic vitK-dependent proteins (VKDPs), as proxies of vitK status were assayed: undercarboxylated and total matrix Gla protein (ucMGP and tMGP), undercarboxylated osteocalcin (ucOC), undercarboxylated Gla-rich protein (ucGRP), and protein induced by vitK absence II (PIVKA-II). Results: We found significantly higher ucOC (18.6-fold), ucMGP (9.2-fold), and PIVKA-II (5.6-fold) levels in newborns, while tMGP (5.1-fold) and SCFAs (2.4-fold) were higher in mothers, and ucGRP was insignificantly modified. In mother–newborn pairs, only ucGRP (r = 0.746, p < 0.01) and SCFAs (r = 0.428, p = 0.01) levels were correlated. Conclusions: We report for the first time the presence of SCFAs in humans at birth, probably transferred through the placenta to the fetus. The increased circulating undercarboxylated VKDPSs in newborns revealed a higher vitamin K deficiency at the extrahepatic level compared to liver VKDPs.
A Fundamental Non-Classical Logic
Authors: Holliday Wesley H.
Published: March 2023

We give a proof-theoretic as well as a semantic characterization of a logic in the signature with conjunction, disjunction, negation, and the universal and existential quantifiers that we suggest has a certain fundamental status. We present a Fitch-style natural deduction system for the logic that contains only the introduction and elimination rules for the logical constants. From this starting point, if one adds the rule that Fitch called Reiteration, one obtains a proof system for intuitionistic logic in the given signature; if instead of adding Reiteration, one adds the rule of Reductio ad Absurdum, one obtains a proof system for orthologic; by adding both Reiteration and Reductio, one obtains a proof system for classical logic. Arguably neither Reiteration nor Reductio is as intimately related to the meaning of the connectives as the introduction and elimination rules are, so the base logic we identify serves as a more fundamental starting point and common ground between proponents of intuitionistic logic, orthologic, and classical logic. The algebraic semantics for the logic we motivate proof-theoretically is based on bounded lattices equipped with what has been called a weak pseudocomplementation. We show that such lattice expansions are representable using a set together with a reflexive binary relation satisfying a simple first-order condition, which yields an elegant relational semantics for the logic. This builds on our previous study of representations of lattices with negations, which we extend and specialize for several types of negation in addition to weak pseudocomplementation. Finally, we discuss ways of extending these representations to lattices with a conditional or implication operation.
Probing the Interplay between Mo Back Contact Layer Deposition Condition and MoSe2 Layer Formation at the CIGSe/Mo Hetero-Interface
Authors: Za’abar Fazliyana ‘Izzati , Mahmood Zuhdi Ahmad Wafi , Doroody Camellia , Chelvanathan Puvaneswaran , Yusoff Yulisa , Abdullah Siti Fazlili , Bahrudin Mohd. Shaparuddin , Wan Adini Wan Sabeng , Ahmad Ibrahim , Wan Abdullah Wan Syakirah , Amin Nowshad
Published: March 2023

The effect of Mo thin film deposition power in DC sputtering on the formation of a MoSe2 interfacial layer grown via the annealing of CIGSe/Mo precursors in an Se-free atmosphere was investigated. A Mo layer was deposited on glass substrates using the DC magnetron sputtering method. Its electrical resistivity, as well as its morphological, structural, and adhesion characteristics, were analyzed regarding the deposition power. In the case of thinner films of about 300 nm deposited at 80 W, smaller grains and a lower volume percentage of grain boundaries were found, compared to 510 nm thick film with larger agglomerates obtained at 140 W DC power. By increasing the deposition power, in contrast, the conductivity of the Mo film significantly improved with lowest sheet resistance of 0.353 Ω/square for the sample deposited at 140 W. Both structural and Raman spectroscopy outputs confirmed the pronounced formation of MoSe2, resulting from Mo films with predominant (110) orientated planes. Sputtered Mo films deposited at 140 W power improved Mo crystals and the growth of MoSe2 layers with a preferential (103) orientation upon the Se-free annealing. With a more porous Mo surface structure for the sample deposited at higher power, a larger contact area developed between the Mo films and the Se compound was found from the CIGSe film deposited on top of the Mo, favoring the formation of MoSe2. The CIGSe/Mo hetero-contact, including the MoSe2 layer with controlled thickness, is not Schottky-type, but a favourable ohmic-type, as evaluated by the dark I-V measurement at room temperature (RT). These findings support the significance of regulating the thickness of the unintentional MoSe2 layer growth, which is attainable by controlling the Mo deposition power. Furthermore, while the adhesion between the CIGSe absorber layer and the Mo remains intact, the resistance of final devices with the Ni/CIGSe/Mo structure was found to be directly linked to the MoSe2 thickness. Consequently, it addresses the importance of MoSe2 structural properties for improved CIGSe solar cell performance and stability.
The Influence of Fibre Cross Section Shape and Fibre Surface Roughness on Composite Micromechanics
Authors: Thomason James
Published: March 2023

Many of the carbon and natural fibres used in composite reinforcement have a non-circular cross section. Recently non-circular, or flat, cross section glass fibre products have become commercially available. This paper explores the potential effects that such non-circular fibre cross section shapes may have on the micromechanics of stress transfer at the composite fibre–matrix interface and the resulting changes in composite strength performance. Analytical modelling is used to show how the critical fibre length in composites with non-circular fibres is always less when compared to circular fibres with an equal cross-sectional area. This can result in significant changes to the strength performance of discontinuous fibre reinforced composites. Additionally, it is shown that the surface roughness found on natural and carbon fibres, many of which are also non-circular in cross section, can decrease the critical fibre length still further. These effects have important consequences for the use of single fibre micromechanical tests used for the characterisation of interfacial strength.
Magnesite as a Sorbent in Fluid Combustion Conditions—Role of Magnesium in SO2 Sorption Process
Authors: Hycnar Elżbieta , Sęk Magdalena , Ratajczak Tadeusz
Published: March 2023

This article presents the results of research on magnesites from the Polish deposits of Szklary, Wiry and Braszowice as SO2 sorbents under the conditions of fluidized bed combustion technology. In practice, magnesites are not used as SO2 sorbents, and the role of magnesium in the desulfurization process under the conditions of fluidized bed combustion technology is evaluated differently among researchers. The literature data question the participation of magnesium in the process of SO2 capture from flue gas and prove its high reactivity. Similarly, previous studies referred to the problem of the stability of magnesium-containing desulfurization products under high temperature conditions. This paper analyzes the SO2 binding process and determines the parameters of the sorbent responsible for the efficiency of magnesite sorption. It was shown that MgO, formed as a result of thermal dissociation of magnesite, actively participates in the SO2 binding reaction to form magnesium sulfate phases (MgSO4 and CaMg2(SO4)3) stable in the temperature conditions of fluidized bed boilers. The problem of differentiated reactivity of magnesium-containing sorbents should be associated with the porosity of the sorbents. If the secondary surface of the sorbent is developed based on micropores and smaller mesopores (below 0.1 µm), the sorbent will be characterized by low sorption activity. It was shown that the SO2 binding process is then limited only to the outer part of the sorbent grains. This results in the formation of a massive, SO2-impermeable desulfurization-product layer on the sorbent grain surface. In real conditions, where the reactions of CaCO3 thermal dissociation and SO2 sorption occur almost simultaneously, the inside of the sorbent grains may remain undissociated. The results of experimental research allowed us to trace the dynamics of the SO2 binding process in relation to real conditions prevailing in fluidized bed boilers.
Citrous Lime—A Functional Reductive Booster for Oil-Mediated Green Synthesis of Bioactive Silver Nanospheres for Healthcare Clothing Applications and Their Eco-Mapping with SDGs
Authors: Sarwar Nasir , Zafar Muhammad Shahzad , Humayoun Usama Bin , Kim Suhyeon , Ahmad Syed Waqas , Kim Yong Ho , Yoon Dae Ho
Published: March 2023

Silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) are most effective against pathogens and have widely been studied as antibacterial agents in commodity clothing, medical textile, and other hygiene products. However, prolonged utilization of silver and rapid mutation in bacterium stains has made them resistant to conventional silver agents. On the other hand, strict compliance against excessive utilization of toxic reagents and the current sustainability drive is forcing material synthesis toward green routes with extended functionality. In this study, we proposed an unprecedented chemical-free green synthesis of bioactive Ag-NPs without the incorporation of any chemicals. Cinnamon essential oil (ECO) was used as a bio-reducing agent with and without the mediation of lime extract. A rapid reaction completion with better shape and size control was observed in the vicinity of lime extract when incorporated into the reaction medium. The interaction of natural metabolites and citrus compounds with nanoparticles was established using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopy. The application of as-prepared nanoparticles on textiles encompasses extended bioactivity to treated fabric with infused easy-care performance. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported instance of utilizing bioactive silver nanoparticles as a functional finish, both as an antimicrobial and as for easy care in the absolute absence of toxic chemicals. The easy-care performance of fabric treated with lime-mediated nanoparticles was found to be 141O, which is around 26% better than bare cotton without any significant loss in fabric strength. Furthermore, to enlighten the sustainability of the process, the development traits were mapped with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), which show significant influence on SDGs 3, 8, 9, and 14. With the effective suspension of microorganisms, added functionality, and eco-mapping with SDGs with the chemical-free synthesis of nanoparticles, widespread utilization can be found in various healthcare and hygiene products along with the fulfillment of sustainability needs.
Protected Geographical Indication Discrimination of Zhejiang and Non-Zhejiang Ophiopogonis japonicus by Near-Infrared (NIR) Spectroscopy Combined with Chemometrics: The Influence of Different Stoichiometric and Spectrogram Pretreatment Methods
Authors: Ji Qingge , Li Chaofeng , Fu Xianshu , Liao Jinyan , Hong Xuezhen , Yu Xiaoping , Ye Zihong , Zhang Mingzhou , Qiu Yulou
Published: March 2023

This paper presents a method for the protected geographical indication discrimination of Ophiopogon japonicus from Zhejiang and elsewhere using near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy combined with chemometrics. A total of 3657 Ophiopogon japonicus samples from five major production areas in China were analyzed by NIR spectroscopy, and divided into 2127 from Zhejiang and 1530 from other areas (‘non-Zhejiang’). Principal component analysis (PCA) was selected to screen outliers and eliminate them. Monte Carlo cross validation (MCCV) was introduced to divide the training set and test set according to a ratio of 3:7. The raw spectra were preprocessed by nine single and partial combination methods such as the standard normal variable (SNV) and derivative, and then modeled by partial least squares regression (PLSR), a support vector machine (SVM), and soft independent modeling of class analogies (SIMCA). The effects of different pretreatment and chemometrics methods on the model are discussed. The results showed that the three pattern recognition methods were effective in geographical origin tracing, and selecting the appropriate preprocessing method could improve the traceability accuracy. The accuracy of PLSR after the standard normal variable was better, with R2 reaching 0.9979, while that of the second derivative was the lowest with an R2 of 0.9656. After the SNV pretreatment, the accuracy of the training set and test set of SVM reached the highest values, which were 99.73% and 98.40%, respectively. The accuracy of SIMCA pretreated with SNV and MSC was the highest for the origin traceability of Ophiopogon japonicus, which could reach 100%. The distance between the two classification models of SIMCA-SNV and SIMCA-MSC is greater than 3, indicating that the SIMCA model has good performance.
Ethanol Extract of Rosa laevigata Michx. Fruit Inhibits Inflammatory Responses through NF-κB/MAPK Signaling Pathways via AMPK Activation in RAW 264.7 Macrophages
Authors: Wu Hongtan , Lin Tingting , Chen Yupei , Chen Fangfang , Zhang Shudi , Pang Haiyue , Huang Lisen , Yu Chihli , Wang Gueyhorng , Wu Chun
Published: March 2023

The fruit of Rosa laevigata Michx. (FR), a traditional Chinese herb utilized for the treatment of a variety diseases, has notably diverse pharmacological activities including hepatoprotective, anti-oxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects. Despite ongoing research on illustrating the underlying anti-inflammatory mechanism of FR, the principal mechanism remained inadequately understood. In this study, we investigated in depth the molecular mechanism of the anti-inflammatory actions of the ethanol extract of FR (EFR) and its potential targets using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages in vitro. We showed that EFR effectively ameliorated the overproduction of inflammatory mediators and cytokines, as well as the expression of related genes. It was further demonstrated that LPS-induced activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) were significantly inhibited by pretreatment with EFR, accompanied by a concomitant decrease in the nuclear translocation of the p65 subunit of NF-κB and activator protein 1 (AP-1). In addition, EFR pretreatment potently prevented LPS-induced decreased phosphorylation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Our data also revealed that the activation of AMPK and subsequent inhibition of the mammalian target of the rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway was probably responsible for the inhibitory effect of EFR on LPS-induced inflammatory responses, evidenced by reverse changes observed under the condition of AMPK inactivation following co-treatment with the AMPK-specific inhibitor Compound C. Finally, the main components with an anti-inflammatory effect in EFR were identified as madecassic acid, ellagic acid, quinic acid, and procyanidin C1 by LC–MS and testified based on the inhibition of NO production and inflammatory mediator expression. Taken together, our results indicated that EFR was able to ameliorate inflammatory responses via the suppression of MAPKs/NF-κB signaling pathways following AMPK activation, suggesting the therapeutic potential of EFR for inflammatory diseases.
Highly Stretchable, Self-Adhesive, Antidrying Ionic Conductive Organohydrogels for Strain Sensors
Authors: Huang Xinmin , Wang Chengwei , Yang Lianhe , Ao Xiang
Published: March 2023

As flexible wearable devices, hydrogel sensors have attracted extensive attention in the field of soft electronics. However, the application or long-term stability of conventional hydrogels at extreme temperatures remains a challenge due to the presence of water. Antifreezing and antidrying ionic conductive organohydrogels were prepared using cellulose nanocrystals and gelatin as raw materials, and the hydrogels were prepared in a water/glycerol binary solvent by a one-pot method. The prepared hydrogels were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The mechanical properties, electrical conductivity, and sensing properties of the hydrogels were studied by means of a universal material testing machine and LCR digital bridge. The results show that the ionic conductive hydrogel exhibits high stretchability (elongation at break, 584.35%) and firmness (up to 0.16 MPa). As the binary solvent easily forms strong hydrogen bonds with water molecules, experiments show that the organohydrogels exhibit excellent freezing and drying (7 days). The organohydrogels maintain conductivity and stable sensitivity at a temperature range (−50 °C–50 °C) and after long-term storage (7 days). Moreover, the organohydrogel-based wearable sensors with a gauge factor of 6.47 (strain, 0−400%) could detect human motions. Therefore, multifunctional organohydrogel wearable sensors with antifreezing and antidrying properties have promising potential for human body monitoring under a broad range of environmental conditions.