bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Recent Developments in International Arbitration in Australia 2017/2018
Authors: Morrison James
Published: March 2022

This article summarizes recent developments in international arbitration in Australia over 2017 and 2018. After briefly canvassing the major international arbitration-related conferences held Australia and statistics from Australian and international arbitral institutions, the author explains the new amendments to the International Arbitration Act (IAA) 1974 (Cth) and the entry into force of the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership, then provides case notes on recent cases before the Australian courts dealing with (1) an application to remove an arbitrator and set aside his awards for breach of natural justice and prejudgment; (2) an ambiguous dispute resolution clause providing for mediation under institutional arbitration rules; and (3) an anti-arbitration injunction and the basis of the power the Federal Court of Australia to issue it.
American and European Perspectives on Arbitration Agreements in Online Consumer Contracts
Authors: Mania Karolina
Published: March 2022

This article offers a discussion of systemic differences between the American and European approach to the application of arbitration clauses in contracts between consumers and enterprises (businesses) included in the digital environment.

 

The first section features a summary of the relevant US regulations and jurisprudence, with special emphasis on judgments of the Supreme Court concerning arbitration as used in online consumer contracts. An analogous analysis is then offered, as part of a legal comparative study, of solutions applied in the European Union. The discussion is accompanied by the author’s suggested reasons for the differences found, while pointing to some of the most recent proposals of legislative changes from the European Commission.
Re-examining the Legal Basis for the Co-existence of Federal and State Arbitration Laws in Nigeria
Authors: Ikeyi Nduka , Onovo Gabriel
Published: March 2022

The National Committee on the Reform and Harmonisation of Arbitration and ADR Laws in Nigeria recommended the co-existence of a federal arbitration law (dealing with arbitration arising from international and inter-state transactions) and state arbitration laws (dealing with arbitration arising from intra-state transactions). In arriving at its conclusion, the committee relied on the ‘trade and commerce’ argument as well as the ‘pith and substance argument’. But disagreement exists regarding the scope or application of state arbitration laws vis-à-vis the federal arbitration law. Whilst anchoring our foundational argument on the constitution, we will in this article contend that a conflict of laws approach would provide a valid conceptual framework and the mechanics for the co-existence of a federal arbitration law with state arbitration laws in Nigeria.
A Challenger Approaches: An Assessment of the Prague Rules on the Efficient Conduct of Proceedings in International Arbitration
Authors: Duggal Kabir A.N. , Rangachari Rekha
Published: March 2022

It is no secret that some lawyers, and perhaps civil law lawyers in particular, have felt frustration with the status quo of the evidentiary processes of international arbitration, premised primarily on the International Bar Association (IBA) Rules on Taking of Evidence in International Arbitration (‘IBA Rules’). This outcry was vocalized at the Russian Arbitration Association’s Conference held in Moscow in April 2017, which ultimately contributed to the formation of a Working Group that developed the Rules on the Efficient Conduct of Proceedings in International Arbitration (‘Prague Rules’). This article strives to elucidate the mechanics of the Prague Rules. An understanding of these new provisions, however, cannot be achieved in a vacuum; as such, much of the analysis will touch upon the IBA Rules and their relationship to the Prague Rules. This article provides a critical, comparative analysis of the Prague Rules.

Evidence, International Arbitration, Prague Rules, IBA Rules, Witness Testimony, Cross Examination, Adverse inferences, Document Production, Civil Law, Common Law
Technology and the Changing Face of Justice
Authors: Menon Sundaresh
Published: March 2022

The problem of unequal access to justice, also known as the justice gap, has been worsened by rising levels of inequality over the past half-century. The denial of due compensation and the inability to enforce rights in turn perpetuates and widens the wealth gap, initiating an ever-deepening spiral of inequality that threatens social cohesion and erodes public confidence in the courts. By empowering individuals, organizations and governments, technology and peaceable methods of dispute settlement have the potential to close each dimension of the justice gap and address the large volume of unmet justice needs that do not surface before the justice system. These unmet needs are generally straightforward but require urgent resolution, and therefore require quick and affordable solutions that focus on amicable settlement. In thinking about how we can redesign our justice system to promote solutions of this nature, we need a broader vision of justice: one that seeks to produce just outcomes through practical and proportionate means, and that aspires not merely towards keeping the peace but also building lasting peace. In this manner, our justice system will better promote effective equal access to justice, restore and strengthen communities that are riven by conflict, and help to tilt an unequal society closer towards equilibrium.

Technology, Peacebuilding, Inequality, Access to justice, Proportionality, Online courts, Asynchronous hearings, Multi-door courthouse, Alternative dispute resolution (ADR), Mediation
Teamwork Approach in Arbitration: A New Perspective
Authors: Liebscher Christoph
Published: March 2022

Attempts to increase the efficiency of case management in arbitration have been around for some time. They were mainly focused on the design and use of certain procedural rules and tools. It is beneficial that this work was undertaken, but it seems to reach its limits to improve case management. More recently, the arbitration community has started to discover the wealth of psychological knowledge to better understand and manage certain aspects of the arbitration process. However, this curiosity was limited to specific issues, such as psychology of witness evidence or of decision taking. This article proposes to take a bird’s eye view based on organizational psychology and management science and asks the question: Can the established knowledge about successful teamwork be applied to arbitration? The article reviews, if such a holistic teamwork approach leads to avenues for improving the efficiency of case management in arbitration. The answer is clearly affirmative. To view the interactions between the arbitral tribunal, the parties and other participants in the arbitration as teamwork provides new perspectives and can lead to new attitudes as well as to new tools for managing cases. Arbitrations guided by a teamwork approach promise to be more efficient, to involve parties and arbitral tribunals more intensely – and to be more enriching for the participants.

Arbitration, Efficiency, Time, Costs, Teamwork, Case management, Due process paranoia
The ‘Composite Transaction’ and Extension of Arbitration Agreements in India
Authors: Kumar Manasi
Published: March 2022

In 2013, the Indian Supreme Court penned an innovative judgment in Chloro Controls v. Severn Trent Water Purification, where it appeared to fashion a new basis for extending arbitration agreements to non-signatories – a ‘composite transaction’ doctrine. This article argues that the ‘composite transaction’ is in fact a two-tiered analysis. The first part addresses whether the arbitration agreement may be extended to a non-signatory that is an affiliate company of one of the signatories, using the somewhat controversial ‘group of companies’ doctrine. Meanwhile, the second part addresses whether the arbitration agreement that is invoked may be extended to disputes arising within a group of contracts. This article demonstrates that while the Indian Supreme Court is developing a consent-based ‘group of companies’ doctrine, its ‘group of contracts’ jurisprudence is losing sight of parties’ intent due to a misreading of the ‘composite transaction’ test. This article concludes that in order to develop a modern and versatile, consentbased analysis into extension of arbitration agreements, the Indian Supreme Court must recast the ‘composite transaction’ test as the two-tiered analysis it represents.

Portfolio Investment, ICSID Convention, Article 25, Jurisdiction, Economic Development
Remote Hearings in International Arbitration: An Analytical Framework
Authors: Scherer Maxi
Published: March 2022

Remote hearings are nothing new, but the Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) crisis has forced international arbitration out of its comfort zone. Parties, counsel, and arbitrators must adapt to the new reality of conducting arbitrations in the face of travel restrictions and social distancing measures. One particularly thorny question is whether and to what extent physical hearings that cannot be held due to the above-mentioned restrictions should be postponed, or be held remotely, using modern communication technologies. The present article takes a step back from the immediate crisis and proposes an analytical framework for remote hearings in international arbitration. In the context of the current pandemic and beyond, it provides parties, counsel, and arbitrators with the relevant guidance on assessing whether to hold a hearing remotely, and if so, how to best plan for and organize it. The article also tests the risk of potential challenges to awards based on remote hearings, looking in particular at alleged breaches of the parties’ right to be heard and treated equally.

international, arbitration, hearing, virtual, remote, online, COVID-19, due process, right to be heard, witness evidence, enforcement, award
Execution Immunities and the Effect of the Arbitration Agreement
Authors: Gélinas Fabien , Brenninkmeijer Mees
Published: March 2022

The prevailing view in international legal practice is that a state does not waive its immunity from execution by merely consenting to arbitration. Yet, in the context of arbitration between states and private parties, execution immunities have emerged as a very significant obstacle to the effective implementation of arbitral awards. When immunity from execution allows states to escape obligations they have freely undertaken, and when it withholds from claimants the fruits of a favourable award, the benefits of arbitration become illusory. This article contends that the prevailing view is no longer compelling because, in the context of arbitration, deference to state immunity is misplaced and imposes an unjustified limit on the rule of law. It is suggested that an agreement to arbitrate should ultimately have the presumptive effect of waiving immunity from execution. The proposed waiver may be viewed as following from the obligation that the sovereign voluntarily undertakes when submitting to arbitration, and tracks the normative evolution of the relation between the doctrine of sovereign immunity and arbitration law.

State Immunity, Immunity from Execution, Implied Waiver, Arbitration Agreement, Subjective Arbitrability, Santiago Resolution, Rule of Law, International Public Policy.
Provisional Measures Under ICSID Rules: The Power of Tribunals to Interfere with Domestic Criminal Proceedings
Authors: Obersteiner Thomas
Published: March 2022

In several recent International International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID) cases, investors accused the respondent state of unfairly using its criminal law enforcement powers to advance its position in the arbitration. If the investor turns to the tribunal to intervene by ordering provisional measures, the tribunal finds itself in the most uncomfortable position: at the heavily contested border between state sovereignty and the tribunal’s duty to safeguard the arbitration process. The latest decisions indicate that tribunals are prepared to step in and order the suspension of domestic criminal proceedings when presented with specific evidence of harassment or intimidation of claimants or witnesses. This article reviews these controversial cases, describes the situations in which a request for provisional measures can be successful, what exactly the investor is required to show, and how far tribunals have been willing to go.

Provisional Measures, ICSID, Procedural Integrity, Equality of Arms, Criminal Proceedings, Criminal Investigation, Parallel Proceedings, Article 47, Sovereignty
Procedural Formalities in Arbitration: Towards a Technologically Neutral Legal Framework
Authors: Piers Maud , Ongenae Kevin
Published: March 2022

This article addresses the ongoing process of digitalization in arbitration proceedings, particularly in light of the recent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. It focuses on the different communications that occur throughout arbitration proceedings, i.e. written communication at the start and during the proceedings, oral communication at hearings, and the rendering of the arbitral award. The authors assess the past, present and future use of digital means of communication in relation to each of these instances, and analyse the extent to which the applicable legal framework (institutional rules, national laws, and the New York Convention) is actually an obstacle to digitalization. They find that the evolution towards more technologically oriented proceedings had already started, but that the COVID-19 pandemic will likely be a decisive step towards fully digital arbitration proceedings. The authors welcome that evolution, and argue that there are no overriding legal or policy arguments to hold back this trend.

Arbitration, Digitalization, COVID-19, Procedure, Formalities, Technology, Institutional Rules, Communication, Request for Arbitration, Remote Hearings, Electronic Awards
Enforceability of Awards Vitiated by Illegality and Fair Hearing: A Review from a Nigerian Law Perspective of PID v. FRN
Authors: Sodipo Bankole
Published: March 2022

This article reviews, from a Nigerian law perspective, the judgment of the English court and the majority arbitral award in Process & Industrial Developments Ltd. (PID) v. The Federal Republic of Nigeria (FRN). The arbitral tribunal awarded record-breaking damages, totalling over USD 9 billion, inclusive of interest. The award relates to an alleged breach by the FRN of a Gas Supply and Processing Agreement (GSPA) to a facility that was never constructed by PID. The signatory of the GSPA, PID, was a British Virgin Island corporation. Although PID had incorporated a local PID Corporation in Nigeria (PIDNigeria), it never executed the GSPA. This article is divided into three sections. Section 1 features the introduction and a general commentary. Section 2 focuses on the second leg of the FRN’s objection: ‘Whether or not the Claimant failed to comply with the provisions of section 54 of the Company and Allied Matters Act (CAMA) 1990 as alleged, and if so whether the GSPA is void, and/or affected by illegality, as a result’. This article does not discuss the first leg of the FRN’s objection, namely, the capacity of theMinistry of Petroleum Resources to contract on behalf of the FRN. Section 3 examines the consequences of the order issued by the Federal High Court of Nigeria (FHC) on FRN’s application, restraining the parties from proceeding with the arbitral hearing, which the tribunal ignored. It considers whether the order can bind members of the tribunal who were not parties to the FHCaction; if it was proper for the tribunal to ignore the order; and the consequences of the order on the FRN. It analyses whether the principle of fair hearing was breached when the tribunal reached a determination on the issue of the seat of arbitration without taking further submissions from the parties.

Fair Hearing, Arbitral Award, Tribunal, Arbitration, Expert Opinion, Foreign Companies, Illegality, Employment, Jurisdiction, Enforcement
Originalism Meets International Arbitration: The US Supreme Court’s Interpretation of the New York Convention
Authors: Wagner Gerhard , Koester Jan Philipp
Published: March 2022

The subjection of non-signatories to arbitration agreements under the New York Convention is one of the fundamental issues of international arbitration, raising questions that touch upon the very concept of an arbitration agreement laid down in Article II. In the case of GE Energy Power Conversion v. Outokumpu, the US Supreme Court took a stand on that matter. It held that the New York Convention does not conflict with domestic law doctrines such as equitable estoppel which may bind third parties to arbitration agreements signed by others. Engaging only in an originalist interpretation of the Convention, the judgment fails to explore the normative depth of the problem.

GE Energy Power Conversion v. Outokumpu, US Supreme Court, New York Convention, Non-signatory, Third Party, Arbitration Agreement, Party Autonomy, Form or Writing Requirement, Equitable Estoppel
The Test for Apparent Bias and Arbitrators’ Duties of Disclosure Following Halliburton v. Chubb: Welcome Clarification, but Questions Remain
Authors: Rawding Nigel , Kimmins Charles , Pearce Luke , Valner Olivia
Published: March 2022

UK The Supreme Court handed down its judgment in Halliburton v. Chubb in November 2020. The case addressed the test for apparent bias and the issue of arbitrators’ duties of disclosure in English-seated arbitrations. The authors of this article represented the London Court of International Arbitration (LCIA) as interveners in the Supreme Court appeal.

This article explores the key points arising out of the judgment and takes stock of the current position under English law. The authors discuss certain issues that remain open following the judgment, including the relationship between the duties of disclosure and confidentiality. They explore the extent to which parties’ adoption of institutional rules can modify the English law position, and comment on the extent to which English law is now in line with that of other jurisdictions.

The article notes that Halliburton v. Chubb is one of a number of recent cases globally concerning the scope of arbitrators’ duties. It concludes that while the decision of the Supreme Court provides a welcome degree of clarity as to the English law position, and a necessary confirmation that the English courts take a robust approach to such issues, the judgment itself was necessarily confined to relatively narrow facts. As such, questions relating to arbitrators’ duties are likely to return to the spotlight in future cases, and English law is likely to continue to develop as the relevant principles are applied to different fact patterns and as new norms emerge amongst arbitrators.

Halliburton v. Chubb, Arbitrators’ duties, Duty of disclosure, Apparent bias, Conflicts of interest, Impartiality, Challenges to arbitrators, Arbitration Act 1996, Confidentiality, Supreme Court
Relationships of Social Media Addiction and Student Engagement
Authors: Ahmad Irfan , Zulfiqar Mudssar
Published: March 2022

This research is designed to check the relationship of Social Media Addiction and Student Engagement. Media Addiction is dealt as independent variable Student Engagement as dependent variable. This is quantitative research. Data is collected 600 respondents with the help of structured questionnaire. Multistage sampling techniques i.e. simple random sampling and Judgment sampling are used for selection of respondents. Results indicate that Social Media Addiction is good predictor of Student Engagement. In future, these kinds of researches may also conduct on different sectors like textile sector, telecommunication sector, and health sector. In future, more universities of heterogonous cities will also include for generalization of results.
Estimating The Resultant of Office Design of Employee Performance: Evidence from Employees From NADRA
Authors: Sultan Muhammad Faisal , Jabeen Mehwish , Qureshi Ali Raza
Published: March 2022

Office ergonomics is treated as one of the two most important factors along with work environment. Although there are several studies on both factors but most of the studies are found to be focusing on elements from both factors simultaneously. Therefore, there is a requirement of research work which might focus on these two elements separately. Hence this is the study which is intensively focusing on impact of office design elements on employee performance with reference to NADRA, Karachi. The reason behind selection of NADRA as the point of reference for data collection is the study of as study of Jaffri (2015), indicated the severe lacking office design elements in NADRA, Pakistan. Although prior study was not done on extensively upon managerial level employees, neither it has detailed inventory of variables. Therefore, legitimate to declare the current study is one of the pervasive one and use of SMART PLS is also making the study unique in comparison to any other done in this domain. Results of the study are significantly different from the study conducted in 2015 and thus it is legitimate to induce post-positivism as the philosophical stance with this study.
Self-healing concrete using bacillus subtilis natto immobilized in lightweight aggregate
Authors: Nguyen Ngoc Tri Huynh , Imamoto Kei-ichi , Kiyohara Chizuru
Published: March 2022

Concrete is probably the most important and commonly used construction material. However, concrete still faces quality degradation problems caused by cracks. Concrete is probably the most important and commonly used construction material. However, concrete still faces quality degradation problems caused by cracks. In leading to sustainable development, management methods will be better than repairing the cracks in concrete. With high ability to be cultured and CaCO3 precipitation, the potential to use Bacillus subtilis natto in full-scale application is promising. Although the bacteria were transformed into spores before mixing to concrete, their survival is still minimal. In this study, the high survival rate of bacteria immobilized in lightweight aggregate reflected through later-age-crack strength restoration rate contributes essential information for maintaining self-healing for a long time. Experiements also clarifies the bio-mineralization of Bacillus subtilis natto with the effects of nutrient-low medium to find a suitable way to protect and maintain the self-healing abilities in a long time. The effect of cracking age on the self-healing capacity associated with the compressive strength improvement was clarified.
Experimental studies on hydraulic conductivity of different straw fiber cement treated mud
Authors: Phan Thanh Chien
Published: March 2022

Hydraulic conductivity characteristics of mud treated by rice straw fiber and cement were investigated by falling head permeability tests. The experimental results indicated that the water conductivity significantly decreased by the inserting of either cement or rice straw fiber. Comparing with cement-treated mud, the addition of rice straw fiber considerably reduced the water conductivity of the mud composite. Moreover, empirical equations were revealed to predict the value of hydraulic conductivity for the modified-mud.
Experimental study on flexural behavior of GFRP reinforced concrete beams
Authors: Pham Thi Loan , Trinh Duy Thanh , Hoang Hieu Nghia , Bui Truong Giang
Published: March 2022

Glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) has been investigated and popularly used as internal reinforcement in the construction field worldwide. Although GFRP is not easy to be corroded, employing it requires an avoidance of the brittle failure mode in order to replace traditional reinforced concrete in designing flexural elements. Therefore, this study brings an incisive view to flexural behavior of concrete beams with GFRP as reinforcements in contribution to apply GFRP to coastal and island construction in Vietnam. This study is based on the tested beams under 3-point bending test and theoretical analysis. The moment resistance of GFRP reinforced concrete beams was designed according to ACI 440-1R code. Materials including GFRP bars and concrete to fabricate tested beams were produced in Vietnam. The investigation reached a conclusion that GFRP is eligible for manufacturing flexural components, which is a potential alternative for traditional concrete in the construction industry.
Energy consumption and CO2 emission changes of building material industries in 1996-2018: Input-Output analysis
Authors: Cao Thi Mai , Nguyen Thi Anh Tuyet
Published: March 2022

In the industrial sector, burning of fossil fuels results in the emission of greenhouse gases, which is considered as one of the majorcauses of climate change and global warming. The purpose of this study is to determine trends in energy consumption and CO2 emission from the building materials industry (cement, glass, products from baked clay) in the period of 1996 to 2018. Input-output tables of Vietnam was used to calculate total energy consumption and CO2 emission for each sector. The results show that in 2018, total energy consumption was about 18223.612ktoe, total CO2 emission was about 73917.608ktCO2-e. The cement industry contributes 70% of both total energy consumption and CO2 emission in 2018. In order to decrease the CO2 emission from cement industry in the future, several solutions such as co-processing of wastes in cement kiln, recovery of waste heat generation, and use of alternative materials are proposed.
Experimental study on semi-assembled floating foundation using sewer pipes for low-rise buildings on weak soil with filling sand layer
Authors: Nguyen Sy Hung
Published: March 2022

The paper presents experimental research on using a sewer pipe as a semi-assembled floating foundation for low-rise houses with softsoil having backfill sand above. Sewer pipes were placed in the backfill sand layer and sealed at the end with concrete slabs (foundation with closed-ended pipe). In addition, another sewer pipe, which was not bottom-sealed, but filled inside with compacted sand (foundation with open-ended pipe), was also studied for comparison. The results of static load tests on the natural soil and two types of foundations, including foundation with closed-ended pipe and foundation with open-ended pipe, showed positive settlement-decrease effects, especially for the first one — the floating foundation with closed-ended sewer pipe. Compared with the foundation having openended sewer pipe, the bearing capacity of floating foundation is 4 times higher and the settlement is 5 times lower. Semi-assembled foundations using closed-ended sewer pipe and open-ended sewer pipe can be put into practice. Depending on the workload, we can choose the appropriate foundation type.
Application of methods for evaluating aquifer-system parameters: case of soil in My Thuan bridge, Vinh Long province
Authors: Tran Van Tuan , Truong Quynh Nhu
Published: March 2022

Determining hydrogeological parameters is one of the important tasks of groundwater dynamics, in which the storage coefficient is anindispensable parameter to predict subsidence. Compaction and water-level data were assumed to collect data from a boreholeextensometer recorded and groundwater pumping test in My Thuan bridge, Vinh Long province to estimate elastic and inelasticspecific coefficient (S) in aquifer-system. The purpose of this study is to estimated and compared specific storage by three methodssuch as Theis’s method, Riley’s method and Galloway’s study in My Thuan bridge site, Vinh Long province. The final value of thestorage coefficient is 0.00052. The results of this study also are the basis for calculating settlement and the impact that mining mayhave on regional groundwater flow systems.
Tenant and resident militancy for housing justice: An exchange between Amanda Huron and Neil Gray
Authors: Huron Amanda , Gray Neil
Published: March 2022

In this conversation, RHJ editors have asked Amanda Huron and Neil Gray to reflect on their approach to strategies and histories of tenant and resident militancy and what lessons can be learnt from the past to shed light on contemporary housing struggles.
我国水库沉积物污染控制与修复技术探讨
Authors:   三川德青科技有限公司, 王 毅 , Alek Phanmaha , 王 璐 ,   36 Manor International Sport Hotel,   广州机施建设集团有限公司
Published: March 2022

我国的水库存在普遍的淤积现象，这些淤积的沉积物作为多种污染物的储存库可能形成难以忽视的内 源污染。为解决水库沉积物的内源污染问题，总结了水库沉积物的原位修复技术和异位修复技术，重点对比 分析了异位修复技术的清淤疏浚技术、无害化处理及资源化处理技术，并对水库沉积物污染控制与修复治理 的未来发展方向进行了展望，以期为水库沉积物的污染防治及行业发展提供科学依据和理论支持。
DETERMINATION OF GENDER PERCEPTIONS OF YOUTH AND AFFECTİNG FACTORS
Authors: ORHAN İlksen , DOĞAN YÜKSEKOL Özlem
Published: March 2022

The aim of this research is to determine the gender perceptions of young people and the affecting factors. This study has been carried out to total of 309 young people between the ages of 10-24 living in a city center in eastern Turkey. The data were collected using the ‘Descriptive İnformation Form’ and ‘Gender Perception Scale’. Evaluated data in SPSS package program; percentage, Standard deviation, frequency, mean minimum-maximum values were analyzed using Chi square, Mann Whitney-U, Kruskall Wallis tests. The mean gender perception score of the youth was 85.94±11.10, and it was found that women's gender perceptions were more positive than men. There was no statistically significant difference between gender, family type, place of residence, number of siblings, family income level, education level of parents and presence of partners and gender perception of the youth participating in there search (p>0.05). In the study, it was determined that the gender perception of young people with a relationship period of more than one year was more positive (p<0.005).
Preface to the proceedings of DHASA2021
Authors: van Zaanen Menno
Published: March 2022

This is the preface to the DHASA2021 proceedings (including Book of Abstracts and RAIL proceedings).
Educación ambiental para el manejo sustentable del agua en la comunidad toro muerto, río Caroní
Authors: Castro Omar Enrique , Moncada Rangel José Alí
Published: March 2022

Resumen en español El presente estudio se realizó en la comunidad de Toro Muerto, ubicada en la cuenca baja del río Caroní, estado Bolívar, donde diversas acciones antrópicas afectan a la cuenca y los beneficios ambientales que brinda. El objetivo de la investigación fue implementar un programa educativo ambiental para el manejo sustentable del agua en esta comunidad. Se utilizó el enfoque multimétodo, siguiendo la metodología de Investigación –Acción Participativa. En una primera etapa se entrevistó a líderes de la comunidad y se aplicó una encuesta a 310 habitantes de esta población para determinar los usos, prácticas y problemas ambientales asociados al uso del recurso hídrico. En la segunda fase se diseñó el programa educativo ambiental. En un tercer momento, se aplicó el programa y se evaluó su impacto. La escasez y deficiente calidad del agua es el principal problema ambiental manifestado por la comunidad de Toro muerto, indicando que los usos y prácticas cotidianas de la comunidad no son las adecuadas para garantizar un uso sostenible del recurso. El programa educativo diseñado se implementó con 18 líderes comunales, en los que se evidenciaron aprendizajes de contenidos conceptuales y actitudinales, pero no en los contenidos procedimentales. La investigación deja abierta la necesidad de evaluar los impactos generados a mediano y largo plazo.
The model of self-organization in digitally enhanced schools
Authors: Jeladze Eka , Pata Kai
Published: March 2022

To explain how the innovative changes are maintained in digitally enhanced schools this paper proposes the model of self-organization. We examined the school as complex system focusing systemically at digital components in it. The data were collected from 447 schools in 13 European countries in 2017, using SELFIE instrument that measures schools’ digital maturity. Empirical data were used for assessing the goodness of the model and explaining self-organization patterns in different learning ecosystem types. K-Means cluster analysis identified 4 types of schools. In each cluster the regression analysis was conducted to develop the path model between digital components. The findings demonstrated that the proposed model could explain holistically the self-organization in learning ecosystems. The model identified different types of learning ecosystems based on how the innovative changes were maintained in schools: i) organizational learning-driven; ii) digital infrastructure-centered, iii) Mediating loop-centered schools, iv) digital teaching strategies-centered.
Turning zoos into smart learning ecosystems
Authors: Väljataga Terje , Mettis Kadri
Published: March 2022

Zoos as comprehensive systems for sustainable use of the cultural and nature heritage and for environmental education have the foundation of a smart entity and the great potential to be turned into smart learning ecosystems. What the zoos require is the leveraging of technological solutions to make them smart. The paper presents an attempt to design and develop a web-based application for the zoos in the Central Baltic region to support zoo visitors’ engagement in learning and to provide smart learning experiences through creating and playing games in the zoos with personal mobile devices. To understand the nature and level of “smartness” of the application, a study with students was carried out. In particular, the study aimed at exploring the students’ behavioral patterns with their mobile devices while interacting with the application. The results of the study demonstrated that aiming to transform the zoos into smart learning ecosystems through the technological solution requires re-conceptualization of “smart” and identification of the most adequate factors that determine the smartness of a zoo to avoid techno-deterministic learning experiences.
Perang Salib; Sebab dan Dampak Terjadinya Perang Salib
Authors: Yusuf Muhammad , Faridah
Published: March 2022

Artikel ini membahas Perang terlama dan terbesar di millennium pertama masehi, yaitu Perang Salib. Dalam pembahasannya, penulis memetakan periodisasi perang Salib serta latarbelakang munculnya perang tersebut. Selanjutnya. Artikel ini mengulas dampak kepada kedua belah peradaban yang bertikai, serta dampak secara global akibat perang ini.
Pendidikan Islam Pada Masa Penjajahan
Authors: Syakur Abdul , Yusuf Muhammad
Published: March 2022

Artikel ini membahas Pendidikan Islam sebelum era kemerdekaan Indonesia. Pada masa ini diketahui bangsa Indonesia mengalami kolonialisasi oleh Belanda dan dilanjutkan oleh Jepang. Oleh karena itu artikel ini membahas Pendidikan Islam di masa kolonial Belanda. Setelah itu, walaupun merupakan periode seingkat, artikel ini membahas Pendidikan Islam periode pendudukan Jepang.
Islamisasi Ilmu Pengetahuan; Pengertian, Tujuan, Langkah, dan Pengaruh
Authors: Haluddin  , Bahri Syamsul
Published: March 2022

Artikel ini mengulas Islamisasi Ilmu Pengetahuan. Dari makalah ini diuraikan pengertian, tujuan, langkah-langkah, dan pengaruh islamisasi ilmu pengetahuan.
Komunikasi Profetik Islam (Nilai dan Etika Komunikasi Persfektif Islam)
Authors: Herman Jamaluddin  , Aguswandi  , Syahrul
Published: March 2022

Sisi kehidupan manusia dengan manusia yang lain dihidupkan oleh interaksi melalui komunikasi. Tak sedikit dalam interkasi manusia tidak berada dalam etika komunikasi yang sesuai dengan persfektif agama Islam yang telah di contohkan oleh Nabi Muhammad saw. Sebagai seorang ummat Nabi Muhammad saw, tentu sudah sepantasnya seluruh sunnah-sunnahnya dilaksanakan pula sebagai wujud nyata keberummatan, termasuk Komunikasi-komunikasi Nabi Muhammad yang dengan makna dan etika.
Ragam Jenis Penelitian dan Perspektif
Authors: Arsyam Muhammad , M. Yusuf Tahir
Published: March 2022

Artikel ini mengulas ragam jenis penelitian yang ada. Jenis-jenis penelitian ini diurai berdasarkan tujuan, pendekatan, tempat, fungsi, dan metode.
NGHIÊN CỨU ĐÁNH GIÁ MỨC ĐỘ SUY THOÁI DIỆN TÍCH PHỦ CỦA CÁC HỆ SINH THÁI ĐIỂN HÌNH BIỂN PHÚ QUỐC THEO KỊCH BẢN BIẾN ĐỔI KHÍ HẬU, NƯỚC BIỂN DÂNG
Authors: Đào Hương Giang , Ngô Thị Bích Ngọc, Bạch Quang Dũng
Published: March 2022

Phú Quốc là một đảo lớn nằm ở biển Tây Nam Bộ. Vùng biển đảo Phú Quốc nhạy cảm về an ninh quốc phòng và giàu tiềm năng phát triển kinh tế. Những năm gần đây, dưới tác động của biến đổi khí hậu, nước biển dâng (BĐKH, NBD) làm các hệ sinh thái (HST) như rạn san hô (RSH), thảm cỏ biển (TCB), rừng ngập mặn (RNM) bị suy thoái nghiêm trọng. Trong nghiên cứu này, chúng tôi sử dụng phương pháp trọng số để định lượng hóa tác động của các nguyên nhân gây suy thoái các HST như các hoạt động phát triển kinh tế - xã hội và BĐKH, NBD. Phương pháp được thực hiện gồm 3 bước sau: (1) Xác định nguyên nhân gây suy thoái; (2) Xác định trọng số cho các nguyên nhân và mức độ suy thoái ứng với 1 trọng số; và (3) Tính mức độ suy thoái HST theo trọng số và thời gian dự báo. Việc dự báo mức độ suy thoái HST tiêu biểu của Phú Quốc được thực hiện theo kịch bản BĐKH RCP 4.5 (kịch bản nồng độ khí nhà kính trung bình thấp) và RCP 8.5 (kịch bản nồng độ khí nhà kính cao) cho năm 2050. Kết quả như sau: RNM suy thoái 19,2% theo kịch bản RCP4.5 và 22,4% theo kịch bản RCP8.5, TCB suy thoái 16,8% theo kịch bản RCP4.5 và 21,6% theo kịch bản RCP8.5, RSH suy thoái 21,12%  theo kịch bản RCP4.5 và 24,96% theo kịch bản RCP8.5. Kết quả nghiên cứu có ý nghĩa to lớn trong nghiên cứu khoa học, phục vụ cho việc tính toán thiệt hại kinh tế do suy thoái HST dưới tác động của BĐKH, NBD và đề xuất các giải pháp bảo tồn và quản lý các HST hiệu quả trong bối cảnh BĐKH.
ĐÁNH GIÁ ĐẶC TRƯNG NẮNG NÓNG Ở NAM BỘ THỜI KỲ 1991-2020 VÀ BIẾN ĐỘNG TRONG CÁC PHA ENSO
Authors: Lê Anh Hải, Mai Văn Khiêm, Vũ Ngọc Linh, Chu Thị Thu Hường
Published: March 2022

Nghiên cứu được thực hiện dựa trên chuỗi số liệu nhiệt độ tối cao trung bình ngày (Tx) thời kỳ 1991-2020 được thu thập tại 17 trạm khí tượng ở khu vực Nam Bộ. Kết quả tính toán cho thấy, Tx không đạt ngưỡng nắng nóng tại trạm Bà Rịa Vũng Tàu trong 30 năm gần đây. Mặc dù có sự đồng nhất rất rõ về mặt địa hình và khí hậu, nhưng có sự phân hóa rất rõ nét các đặc trưng nắng nóng giữa các trạm ở khu vực Nam Bộ. Mùa nắng nóng thường đến sớm hơn và kết thúc muộn hơn ở các trạm thuộc Đông Nam Bộ; đến muộn và kết thúc sớm hơn ở Tây Nam Bộ. Ở Đông nam Bộ, nắng nóng thường tập trung trong tháng 2-tháng 4; và khoảng tháng 4-tháng 5 ở Tây Nam Bộ. Tần suất xuất hiện nắng nóng và số ngày nắng nóng gay gắt nhiều hơn ở Đông Nam Bộ so với Tây Nam Bộ. Trong năm El Nino, nắng nóng thường đến muộn hơn và kết thúc muộn hơn và độ dài mùa trong năm El Nino thường dài hơn trong năm La Nina. Trong năm El Nino, nắng nóng gay gắt và xả ra trên diện rộng hơn trong năm La Nina.
Generalization of Vaidya’s Metric for A Radiating Star to Rotating Star
Authors:   The Indian Planetary Society, Rawal Jitendra Jatashankar
Published: March 2022

Schwarzschild's external solution of Einstein’s gravitational field equations in the general theory of relativity for a static star has been generalized by Vaidya [1], taking into account the radiation of the star. Here, we generalize Vaidya’s metric to a star that is rotating and radiating. Although, there is a famous Kerr solution [2] for a rotating star, but here is a simple solution for a rotating star which may be termed as a zero approximate version of the Kerr solution. Results are discussed.
Investigation of Novel, Internally Hollowed Structured Stainless Steel to Reduce Stress Shielding
Authors:   School of Mechanical Automotive Aerospace, Coventry University, UK, Yazdifar Mohammadreza
Published: March 2022

There are many aspects that have direct effects on total hip replacement performance (THR), such as material properties, applied loads, surgical approach, femur size and quality, prosthesis design, bone-implant interface etc. One of the purposes to study different structures in THR is reducing the stress shielding. For the current study, an innovative hollow spherical structure is developed for femoral hip stems. The aim is to extract volume in the spherical shape from the stainless-steel hip implant stems, in order to focus solely on correlating with titanium behavior. Internal geometry for the femoral stem is optimized in order to transfer more stress onto the bone. Moreover, the approach involves extracting volume in the spherical shape from the internal structure to reduce stress shielding. A new novel implant is proposed that demonstrated a reduction in stress shielding. The sphered models have a smaller young’s modulus and strength than the solid stainless-steel sample. The spheres in hollowed structures reduce the stress shielding and they transfer more stress onto the bone when compared to the solid stainless-steel models. This approach also involves restructuring a hard material, such as stainless steel, to enhance osseointegration. The reduction of the young’s modulus and stress directly depends on the volume of the hollow spheres in the models; however, there is a certain volume that can be extracted from solid
The Prediction of Three Undetected Planets in Kepler-186: Reinvestigated 2021
Authors:   Department of Physics, Islamic Azad University (IAU),Varamin, Pishva Branch, Iran, Nikouravan Bijan
Published: March 2022

In 2015, after the discovery of Kepler-186f, the fifth exoplanet in orbit of its star, Kepler-186, we investigated for three new undetected planets in the Kepler-186 system [1]. Of the planets which are owned by the Kepler-186, the first Earth-like planet and far from its star is Kepler-186f. Considering the order of these five discovered planets, there is a strong possibility for the existence of three new and undetected planets. Theoretically, we have recognized these three new planets locating before and after Kepler-186f. The first two new planets, orbit in the gap between Kepler-186e and Kepler-186f, and are called Kepler-186e(X1) and Kepler-186e(X2) respectively. The third planet also orbits in the exterior region of Kepler-186f is called Kepler-186f(X1). Now, after 6 years, we have reinvestigated these findings using the new information and data available.
Everything you have always wanted to know about documentary collection
Authors: Gaćeša Radmila
Published: March 2022

Collection is an instrument of foreign payment transactions intended for legal entities and entrepreneurs. Globally observed, after the bank remittances, collection is the most frequently used payment instrument based on foreign trade transactions. Utilization of this instrument is regulated by the Uniform Rules of the International Chamber of Commerce - ICC for collection - hereinafter the Text Uniform Rules, the first version of which was published in 1956, to be followed by some revisions. The advantages of collection are reflected in the fact that this instrument enables a simple and relatively fast collection proceedings, which is not accompanied by significant costs. The risk of providing a service based on collection transactions for the bank is exclusively reputational, since it arises in the event of a lack of response or untimely response of the bank to the instructions of the principal.
Phylogeography of oat cyst nematode: Heterodera avenae
Authors: Oro Violeta
Published: March 2022

Cereals, especially wheat, have been staple food in Serbia and on the Balkan Peninsula since the Neolithic age. Heterodera avenae is one of three main species of the Cereal Cyst Nematode complex. In our country, the oat cyst nematode dates back from the '60s of the XX century. The nematode has been molecularly characterized and so far, it is the only representative from the Balkans in the NCBI GenBank. This paper describes phylogenetic relationships between our population of H. avenae and other similar foreign populations. On the basis of phylogeography of host-parasite interaction, in the light of molecular data, the possible centers of origin of oats, i.e., oat domestication are also discussed.
Regulatory framework in the field of environmental protection
Authors: Matijašević Martin , Kostić Dejan
Published: March 2022

Regardless of the existence of significant differences at the national and regional level, plans, programs, actions and improvements in environmental protection are a global problem, which requires global solutions. Modern society must faster and better understand the warning of scientists and experts about the state of the environment, ie. the fact that there are fewer and fewer free, original and unpolluted environments, with a staggering tendency to further decline. On the other hand, the endangered, degraded and devastated ones are more and more, with a tendency to grow and much faster than it seems at first glance, faster than the science from the end of our century could have imagined. At the same time, it is important to point out that by disturbing the ecological balance and ecosystem, the future of man and his survival is endangered. The subject of the analysis is the legal regulation of environmental protection in the Republic of Serbia and the European Union, both in the theoretical and practical domain of its application, and therefore special attention will be paid to regulations in the field of environmental protection.
Numerical analysis of lightweight concrete wall panels having a variation of dimensions and openings that were subjected to static lateral loads
Authors: Aisyah Nurjannah , Saloma S , Hanafiah H , Darin Putri , Satria Albimanzura
Published: March 2022

Wall panels are non-structural parts of buildings that are considered dead loads. The mass of wall panels must be reduced to minimize earthquake risk and enhance structural resistance to lighter dead loads. This study used wall panel models that consisted of lightweight foamed concrete materials containing expanded polystyrene. The wall panels used in this study also had a variety of dimensions and reinforcements. The effect of openings on wall panel model performance was also investigated. This study aimed to analyze the performance of lightweight concrete wall panel models under static lateral loads applied until the ultimate condition. It was found that the load-deformation relation performs varying values of stiffness, strength, and ductility depended on the wall panel dimensions, reinforcements, and openings. A wall panel model with a height of 1000 mm that had length of 1500 mm and thickness of 60 mm with wire mesh and without openings achieved the highest ultimate stiffness and strength. The highest ductility was achieved by a wall panel model with openings, without wire mesh, with height, length, and thickness of 1500 mm, 1500 mm, and 40 mm, respectively. Diagrams of the deformations in this paper reflect the compressed and tensioned areas. The lefthand parts of all wall panel models without wire mesh were tensioned and had concentrations of deformation in those areas. The existence of openings also caused increased deformation due to less stiffness in the wall panel models.