bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The First Decade of Web-Based Sports Injury Surveillance: Descriptive Epidemiology of Injuries in US High School Boys' Ice Hockey (2008–2009 Through 2013–2014) and National Collegiate Athletic Association Men's and Women's Ice Hockey (2004–2005 Through 2013–2014)
Authors: Lynall Robert C. , Mihalik Jason P. , Pierpoint Lauren A. , Currie Dustin W. , Knowles Sarah B. , Wasserman Erin B. , Dompier Thomas P. , Comstock R. Dawn , Marshall Stephen W. , Kerr Zachary Y.
Published: February 2019

Context

Web-based sports injury surveillance via programs such as the High School Reporting Information Online system and the National Collegiate Athletic Association Injury Surveillance Program has aided efforts to collect data on ice hockey injuries.

Objective

To describe the epidemiology of injuries sustained in high school boy's ice hockey in the 2008–2009 through 2013–2014 academic years and collegiate men's and women's ice hockey in the 2004–2005 through 2013–2014 academic years using Web-based surveillance.

Design

Descriptive epidemiology study.

Setting

Online injury surveillance of ice hockey teams of high school boys (annual average = 34), collegiate men (annual average = 20), and collegiate women (annual average = 11).

Patients or Other Participants

Boys', men's, and women's ice hockey players who participated in practices and competitions during the 2008–2009 through 2013–2014 high school academic years or the 2004–2005 through 2013–2014 collegiate academic years.

Main Outcome Measure(s)

Athletic trainers collected time-loss (≥24 hours) injury and exposure data. We calculated injury rates per 1000 athlete-exposures (AEs), injury rate ratios (IRRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), and injury proportions by body site and diagnosis.

Results

The High School Reporting Information Online system documented 831 boys' ice hockey time-loss injuries during 356 997 AEs; the National Collegiate Athletic Association Injury Surveillance Program documented 2611 men's ice hockey time-loss injuries during 552 642 AEs and 752 women's ice hockey injuries during 232 051 AEs. Injury rates were higher in collegiate men than in high school boys during 2008–2009 through 2013–2014 (4.38 versus 2.33/1000 AEs; IRR = 1.88; 95% CI = 1.73, 2.05) and collegiate women during 2004–2005 through 2013–2014 (IRR = 1.46; 95% CI = 1.34, 1.58). Most injuries occurred during competitions (boys = 80.0%, men = 66.9%, women = 55.3%); injury rates were higher in competitions than in practices for boys (IRR = 8.14; 95% CI = 6.87, 9.65), men (IRR = 6.58; 95% CI = 6.06, 7.13), and women (IRR = 3.63; 95% CI = 3.14, 4.19). At all levels, most injuries occurred to the head/face and shoulder/clavicle and resulted in concussions, contusions, or ligament sprains.

Conclusions

Injury rates varied across sports but were consistently higher in competitions than in practices. In competitions, concussions were common injuries, highlighting the need for continued development of injury-prevention strategies.
Impairment-Based Rehabilitation With Patterned Electrical Neuromuscular Stimulation and Lower Extremity Function in Individuals With Patellofemoral Pain: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Glaviano Neal R. , Marshall Ashley N. , Mangum L. Colby , Hart Joseph M. , Hertel Jay , Russell Shawn , Saliba Susan A.
Published: February 2019

Context

Patellofemoral pain (PFP) is a chronic condition that presents with lower extremity muscle weakness, decreased flexibility, subjective functional limitations, pain, and decreased physical activity. Patterned electrical neuromuscular stimulation (PENS) has been shown to affect muscle activation and pain after a single treatment, but its use has not been studied in a rehabilitation trial.

Objective

To determine the effects of a 4-week impairment-based rehabilitation program using PENS on subjective function, pain, strength, range of motion, and physical activity in individuals with PFP.

Design

Randomized controlled trial.

Setting

Laboratory.

Patients or Other Participants

A total of 21 patients with PFP (5 males, 16 females; age = 23.4 ± 7.6 years, height = 168.0 ± 7.5 cm, mass = 69.0 ± 19.5 kg).

Intervention(s)

Participants completed a 4-week supervised rehabilitation program in conjunction with random assignment to receive PENS or sham treatments.

Main Outcome Measure(s)

Subjective function, pain, strength, range of motion, and physical activity levels were assessed prerehabilitation and postrehabilitation. Subjective function and pain were also assessed at 6 and 12 months postrehabilitation. Repeated-measures analyses of variance and Tukey post hoc testing were conducted with α ≤ .05. We calculated Cohen d effect sizes with 95% confidence intervals.

Results

Both groups had statistically and clinically meaningful differences in subjective function, pain, strength, range of motion, and activity level after 4 weeks of impairment-based rehabilitation. Improved subjective function was observed in both groups at 6 and 12 months after the interventions. The PENS group had improvements in current pain for all 3 postrehabilitation times compared with baseline measures.

Conclusions

An impairment-based intervention effectively improved subjective function, pain, strength, range of motion, and physical activity levels in individuals with PFP. Participants who received PENS in addition to the rehabilitation program had improved current pain at 6 and 12 months postrehabilitation compared with baseline scores.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02441712
On teaching Christian history in the postmodern world
Authors: Denis Philippe
Published: February 2019

Is there truth in history? Historians are commonly expected to produce ‘facts’ and to be ‘objective’. If they teach the history of Christianity, their audience sees in them the depositors of the ‘truth’ on the history of church. Showing the contradictions of the church’s discourse in the past and highlighting the essentially transient nature of church doctrine are perceived as a threat. Yet, our knowledge of the Christian past is provisional and limited. It depends on the quality of the historical sources at our disposal. Consciously or not, it is always the result of a process of knowledge construction. The aim of this article is to explore the triple challenge – pedagogical, pastoral and intellectual – that researchers in history of Christianity face in the exercise of their profession. Historians trained in the tradition of historical criticism consider that an historical narrative can claim a certain degree of approximation of the truth if the documents on which it is based pass the test of authenticity, reliability and validity. Without necessarily denying that truth exists somehow and somewhere, postmodern historians – and this also applies to Christian history – insist that any form of historical knowledge is constructed and that all approaches to truth are situated in terms of period, geographical location, social environment, class, gender, age and race. The study of history of Christianity brings discomfort. But in the end, one gains from confronting the critical challenges of the discipline. Faith will come out stronger if it faces the reality of the human condition.
Padlocked to an export exemption? The OEM-related trade mark dispute in China
Authors: Wei Lizhou
Published: February 2019

Should a trade mark owner have the right to prevent third parties from affixing a trade mark to products intended for export? This problem has attracted less attention in the EU and US than it deserves. In comparison, Chinese courts have had to stand on this issue in the last decades when adjudicating on the cross-border OEM cases. Since the judicial opinion of the Chinese Supreme People's Court has always been in flux with the change of the presiding judge of the IP tribunal, this remains an open question in China. In practice, most Chinese courts are inclined to accept the export exemption rule and deny that OEM activities constitute trade mark infringement. This article questions the export exemption rule and calls for a return to the strong-protection approach. It is proposed that affixing a trade mark to products per se constitutes trade mark infringement irrespective of where the products are to be sold, which is more dogmatically coherent with the legal materials and also in line with the existing policy objectives in China.
Mixed Ownership of employee inventions in China's universities: progress, issues and suggestions
Authors: Xin Liu , Huilei Ge , Guang Chen
Published: February 2019

As the most innovative and important institutes for the development of science and technology in China, due to various reasons, universities have not effectively achieved the commercialization of employee inventions. As a result, some universities have decided to conduct pilot projects with Mixed Ownership concerning patent rights for employee inventions under the framework of the Law of the People's Republic of China on Promoting the Transformation of Scientific and Technological Achievements (PTSTA) and Patent Law, namely transferring a portion of the rights to the employed inventors before the inventions are commercialized. The pilot reform has been backed by some local governments in China. This article systematically introduces and analyses this experimental system's theoretical and practical background, legal theory and policy logic. Southwest Jiaotong University (SWJTU) was selected as the subject of a case study to analyse its related progress and issues. This article also puts forward countermeasures and suggestions, such as establishing the comprehensive scientific research work orientation of the researchers in universities, preventing the legal risks of the transformation of employee inventions in universities, improving the capabilities of China's technology transfer institutions, and carrying out legislative practices, thereby providing references for the effective management of universities’ intellectual property and the reengineering of the employee invention system in China.
Care Transition Processes to Achieve a Successful Community Discharge After Postacute Care: A Scoping Review
Authors: Leland Natalie E. , Roberts Pamela , De Souza Roxanne , Hwa Chang Sun , Shah Kruti , Robinson Marla
Published: February 2019

Readmissions to health care facilities are undesirable outcomes that indicate the quality of the care transitions. Although there is a growing evidence-base for preventing readmissions, the focus has been on acute care. Postacute care (PAC) patients are often excluded from these studies, and thus there is limited evidence guiding practitioners’ efforts to facilitate an effective community transition after PAC rehabilitation. To provide direction for PAC research and clinical practice, this scoping review summarizes current community transition interventions and identifies practices that facilitate successful community discharge. Thirteen care processes emerged from 35 studies, of which 5 were included in at least 60% of the studies, including coaching on the care transition process, medical self-management, medication self-management, scheduling follow-up medical services, and telephone follow-up. These findings can inform the development, evaluation, and implementation of PAC community transition interventions.
Long-term outcomes of percutaneous coronary interventions within coronary artery bypass grafts
Authors: Januszek Rafał , Siudak Zbigniew , Dziewierz Artur , Rakowski Tomasz , Dudek Dariusz , Bartuś Stanisław
Published: February 2019

Introduction

The long-term outcomes of percutaneous coronary interventions (PCIs) within coronary artery bypasses are still poor as compared to those within native coronary arteries. Thus, we aimed to assess predictors of long-term clinical outcomes after PCIs of coronary bypasses.

Material and methods

We enrolled 194 patients after PCIs of coronary artery bypasses at the mean age of 69.5 ±8.3 years (73.2% male). The primary study endpoint was a combination of target-vessel revascularization (TVR), target-lesion revascularization (TLR), myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and death. The mean follow-up was 964 ±799.1 days and was completed among 156 patients. Multivariate analysis was used to assess determinants of study endpoints during follow-up. Moreover, we compared survival curves according to the type of PCI and presence of anti-embolic protection.

Results

The primary endpoint of the study occurred in 59.7% of patients after the mean time of 669.6 ±598.7 days. The TVR occurred in 37.9% of individuals, TLR in 24.2%, MI in 26.3%, stroke in 4.2%, CABG in 2.1% and death in 30.5% of patients. In Cox multivariate analysis, PCI of two or more bypasses (p < 0.01), post-dilatation (p < 0.05) and no-reflow (p < 0.05) were the independent determinants of the primary study endpoint. No significant impact of anti-embolic protection devices on long-term outcomes was observed.

Conclusions

Percutaneous coronary interventions of two or more bypasses, post-dilatation and no-reflow are predictors of worse outcome in patients undergoing PCI within coronary artery bypass grafts.
Overall survival of patients with EGFR mutation-positive non-small-cell lung cancer treated with erlotinib, gefitinib or afatinib under drug programmes in Poland – Real-World Data
Authors: Brzozowska Melania , Wierzba Waldemar , Szafraniec-Buryło Sylwia , Czech Marcin , Majkut Gabriela , Połowinczak-Przybyłek Joanna , Potemski Piotr , Śliwczyński Andrzej
Published: February 2019

Introduction

The aim of the study was to estimate the overall survival of patients with EGFR mutation-positive non-small-cell lung cancer treated with erlotinib, gefitinib or afatinib.

Material and methods

Real-world patients who received afatinib, erlotinib or gefitinib between 1 July 2012 and 30 October 2017 were analysed in five subgroups.

Results

Among 267 patients treated with afatinib financed as the first line of treatment, 76 (28.46%) deaths occurred. Median observation time was 12.8 months (95% CI: 11.2–13.9). Median OS was 22.8 months (95% CI: 19.2–27.1). Among 83 patients who received erlotinib financed exclusively as the second line of treatment the number of deaths was 74 (89.16%). Median observation time was 64.3 months (95% CI: 60.4–64.6). Median OS was 16 months (95% CI: 13.2–22.9). Among 622 patients who received erlotinib financed both as first and second line treatment, there were 400 (64.3%) deaths. Median observation time was 33.3 months (95% CI: 31.2–37.6). Median OS was 17.8 months (95% CI: 16.4–19.7). Among 137 patients who received gefitinib financed only as the first line of treatment, there were 128 (93.4%) deaths. Median observation time was 58.3 months (95% CI: 49.4–62.5). Median OS was 16 months (95% CI: 13.8–19.7). Among 348 patients who received gefitinib financed both as the first and second line of treatment the number of deaths was 208 (59.8%). Median observation time was 23.7 months (95% CI: 20.7–28.7). Median OS was 15.5 months (95% CI: 12.9–17.5).

Conclusions

Our real-world data regarding OS confirm the benefits found in clinical trials from the use of afatinib, erlotinib or gefitinib. However, the lower overall survival rate of Polish patients compared to similar studies from other research centres suggests the need for deeper investigation of this issue.
The role of vitamin D in perinatology. An up-to-date
review
Authors: Ciebiera Michał , Wojtyła Cezary , Łukaszuk Krzysztof , Zgliczyńska Magdalena , Zaręba Kornelia , Rawski Wojciech , Jakiel Grzegorz
Published: February 2019

The role of vitamin D in perinatology is a subject of major interest in current medicine. There is growing evidence about the role of maternal vitamin D levels in pregnancy outcomes. The aim of this review is to summarize the current literature about the role of vitamin D in perinatology. Evidence from this review suggests associations between low levels of maternal vitamin D and higher risk of certain obstetrical complications. Vitamin D has been found to be related to preeclampsia, gestational diabetes mellitus, low birth weight, and preterm birth. The current literature supports vitamin D supplementation in pregnant women, but more high-quality data are necessary. The problem that remains is how to achieve an optimal 25-hydroxyvitamin D level. To determine the real benefits of vitamin D supplementation in pregnancy, we need high-quality trials in larger groups.
Vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms and uterine fibroid incidence in Caucasian women
Authors: Ciebiera Michał , Wrzosek Małgorzata , Wojtyła Cezary , Zaręba Kornelia , Nowicka Grażyna , Jakiel Grzegorz , Włodarczyk Marta
Published: February 2019

Introduction

Uterine fibroids (UFs) are benign tumors which are derived from the smooth muscle cells of the uterus. Recent studies have demonstrated that the development of UFs can be particularly related to vitamin D and its receptor. Vitamin D comprises a group of fat-soluble steroid compounds which exert powerful, pleiotropic effects all over the human body. These actions are mediated by a specific type of receptor – vitamin D receptor (VDR). Recent findings have focused on the possible role of VDR genetic variations in the development of several types of diseases, e.g. autoimmune system diseases, various cancers and infections.

Material and methods

The aim of the study was to evaluate the association between rs731236, rs1544410, and rs2228570 polymorphisms in the VDR (vitamin D receptor) gene and the incidence of UFs in Caucasian women. A total of 197 patients (114 fibroid-positive and 83 controls) were included in this retrospective cohort study. VDR gene polymorphisms rs731236 (TaqI), rs1544410 (BsmI) and rs2228570 (FokI) were determined using TaqMan and Simple Probes.

Results

No statistically significant differences in the occurrence of selected VDR polymorphisms were observed between UF-positive women and healthy controls.

Conclusions

We found no association between rs731236, rs1544410, and rs2228570 VDR polymorphisms and UF incidence in Caucasian women. Larger sample size and multi-ethnic studies are necessary to investigate the matter further.
A new uncertainty estimation technique for multiple datasets and its
application to various precipitation products
Authors: Zhou Xudong , Polcher Jan , Yang Tao , Huang Ching-Sheng
Published: February 2019

Abstract. The uncertainty among climatological datasets can be characterized as the variance in space and time between various estimates of the same quantity. However, some of the current uncertainty estimates only evaluate variations in one single dimension (time or space) due to the limitation of estimation methodology as averaging variation is necessary for the other dimension. The influence on the uncertainty assessment of the ignorance of variations in one dimension is not well studied. This study introduces a new three-dimensional variance partitioning approach which avoids the averaging and provides an new uncertainty estimation (Ue) technique with consideration of both temporal and spatial variations. Comparisons of Ue to classic uncertainty estimations show that the classic metrics underestimate the uncertainty because of the averaging of variation in the time or space dimension, and Ue is around 20 % higher than classic estimations. The deviation between the new and classic metrics is higher for regions with strong spatial heterogeneity and where the spatial and temporal variations significantly differ. Decomposing of the new metric demonstrates that Ue is a comprehensive assessment of model uncertainty which has been included the model variations identified by the classic metrics. Multiple precipitation products of different types (gauge-based, merged products and GCMs) are used to better explain and understand the peculiarity of the new methodology. The new uncertainty estimation technique is flexible in its structure and particularly suitable for a comprehensive assessment of multiple datasets over a large regions within any given period.
Interval Hysterectomy for Placenta Percreta – a Case Report
Authors: Huque Mohammad Sazzadul , Ravi Mini
Published: February 2019

Introduction: Placenta percreta is an abnormality of placentation where it invades the serosa and can go beyond it. Complications include massive hemorrhage, bladder dysfunction, and severe infections during delivery.  The aim of this study is to report a complex case of placenta percreta managed by interval hysterectomy.Case presentation: Pre-operative: 34 years old patient with previous three cesarean sections was followed in antenatal clinic. She came with repeated bouts of vaginal bleeding at 30-31 weeks. At 32 weeks and 4 days classical cesarean section was done with placenta left in situ. Prophylactic bilateral internal iliac artery balloon was inserted. Post cesarean section, uterine artery embolization was performed. Post-operative: Clinical features of pulmonary embolism (PE) developed about 4 hours later. Post-Operative Day 13: Total abdominal hysterectomy was done. After few days of discharge, the patient presented to the emergency department with shortness of breath. She was consequently diagnosed with chronic pulmonary embolism and treated with warfarin.Conclusion: This is a case of placenta percreta managed by interval hysterectomy. However, the most widely accepted method of management is cesarean hysterectomy. In this case, interval hysterectomy was done due to the possibility of bladder invasion by placenta, to decrease the amount of blood loss and to reduce the number of days stayed in hospital. Appropriate management for the patient must be personalized, whether it is by cesarean hysterectomy or interval hysterectomy,  as each has risks and benefits.
Locke on Active Power, Freedom, and Moral Agency
Authors: Rickless Samuel C.
Published: February 2019

There is little agreement among scholars about how best to understand Locke's theory of moral agency, and his account of freedom in particular. Although some (e.g., Rickless and Garrett) think that Locke adopts a Hobbesian theory of freedom of action, as the ability to do or not do as one wills, while jettisoning the Hobbesian conception of the will as the faculty of desire, a growing number of commentators (e.g., Chappell, LoLordo, Lowe, Stuart, and Yaffe) believe that Locke departs more radically from Hobbes by supplementing a Hobbesian (or quasi-Hobbesian) conception of free action with an account of "full-fledged" free agency grounded in the very particular ability to suspend the prosecution of our desires. The most recent sustained effort in this direction has been very ably defended by Antonia LoLordo, and my aim in this paper is to examine and criticize her case for the "supplementarian" conception of free agency in Locke's Moral Man.
Introduction to a Review Symposium on Jayeel S. Cornelio’s Being Catholic in the Contemporary Philippines (2016)
Authors: Hermann Adrian
Published: February 2019

This article introduces a review symposium on Jayeel Serrano Cornelio’s 2016 book Being Catholic in the Contemporary Philippines: Young People Reinterpreting Religion. It presents the four contributions to the review symposium as well as Cornelio’s response and relates the discussion of the book to the broader necessity of developing new perspectives on religion in the Philippines.
Global Entanglements, Essentialist Understandings of Religion, and Agency in the Study of Contemporary Catholicism
Authors: Maltese Giovanni
Published: February 2019

The article discusses theoretical and methodological problems in the study of contemporary Catholicism. In critical engagement with Jayeel S. Cornelio’s book Being Catholic in the Contemporary Philippines on young people reinterpreting religion in the Philippines, I discuss shortcomings related to questions of power, agency, and essentialist understandings of the subject matter. I argue that a global history and cultural studies–informed approach, which draws on poststructuralist theory and takes hegemonic struggles seriously, is best equipped to investigate religion and identity-making among Catholic youths in the Philippines and beyond.
Laparoscopy in iatrogenic colonoscopic perforation: A case report and literature review
Authors: Tanveer Amin , Ali Andrab Sayed , Sundaramurthy Senthikumar
Published: February 2019

Bowel cancer incidence has been increasing worldwide. It is the fourth most common cancer among men and the third most common among women. Screening test like Faecal Occult Blood Test (FOBT) and Colonoscopy are particularly important for early detection of asymptomatic bowel cancer. Although colonoscopy is almost always safe but complications may occur. Most complications are mild and self-resolving, such as abdominal and anal pain, flatulence, and diarrhoea. The most serious complication of colonoscopy is iatrogenic colonoscopic perforation. The overall reported incidence of perforation ranges from 0.1–0.3% for diagnostic colonoscopy and from 0.4–1.0% for therapeutic colonoscopy. Since its first introduction in 1969, colonoscopy is considered the gold standard method for the diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of colorectal cancer. Hereby, presenting a case study of an 83-year-old man, who had iatrogenic colonoscopic perforation post elective colonoscopy, which was successfully managed laparoscopically.

Laparoscopic treatment seems to reduce the invasiveness and morbidity of major surgery. At the same time, it is more definitive than conservative treatment. Therefore, use of laparoscopic techniques have become the preferred method to treat colonoscopy related colonic perforations. Since colonoscopic perforations are rare, the management of this complication by laparoscopic procedure is poorly defined. By presenting this case study and review of literatures we would like to demonstrate that laparoscopic approach is a safe option for treatment and diagnosis of selected colonoscopic perforations.
Mayer Rokitansky Küster Hauser Syndrome and Endometriosis (MRKH): A case report
Authors: Goulart Nogueira da Fernanda , Everton Araújo Bulcão Felipe , Goncalves Feitosa Isabela , Staevie dos Santos Evelise , Riselda Vinhote da S Maria , Faculty member Paula
Published: February 2019

Introduction: MRKH is a rare congenital malformation that affects about 1:4500 female newborns. Its cause is unknown, but the reproductive abnormalities are due to lack of development of the Müllerian ducts between the fifth and the sixth weeks of gestation. This syndrome is characterized by complete or partial vaginal agenesis, tubal, and uterine-cervical abnormalities. In clinical presentation, the disease typically presents itself as primary amenorrhea in an adolescent who has secondary sexual characteristics compatible with their age and may be accompanied by cyclic dysmenorrhea when a rudimentary uterus with functional endometrium is present.

Case Report: This case report describes follow-up appointments and outcomes of a young female patient who looked for gynecological care at The Getúlio Vargas University Hospital. She presented primary amenorrhea with normal development of secondary sexual characteristics. Within the diagnostic investigation it was demonstrated that there was MRKH and endometriosis occurrence. This specific patient had progressive cyclic pelvic pain that didn’t respond to conservator treatment. Therefore, laparoscopic hysterectomy was performed.

Conclusion: Diagnosis is most often based on a clinical suspicion associated with a detailed physical and gynecological examination. The anatomical treatment of the syndrome is surgical. The frequent association of this disease with somatic and psychosocial disorders requires a multidisciplinary therapeutic.
Ochrona młodzieży przed bezrobociem w kontekście krytycznej pracy socjalnej
Authors: Jusko Peter
Published: February 2019

Artykuł jest poświęcony wybranym zagadnieniom bezrobocia wśród osób młodych, charakterystycznym cechom ochrony młodych bezrobotnych oraz czynnikom zewnętrznym, które pozwalają chronić młodzież przed bezrobociem. Bezrobocie wśród młodzieży to złożony problem i należy go rozpatrywać w różnych kontekstach, dlatego też pracownicy socjalni powinni znać szersze społeczne powiązania problemu. Mimo tego nie można ignorować znaczenia zmian indywidualnych cech młodych bezrobotnych oraz młodzieży zagrożonej bezrobociem. Aby osiągnąć wymierny wynik, czyli zmniejszyć bezrobocie wśród młodzieży, a także chronić młodych ludzi przed bezrobociem, konieczne jest konsekwentne działanie wszystkich podmiotów zaangażowanych w walkę z tym problemem.
Przedsiębiorczość kobiet z niepełnosprawnościami fizycznymi (przykłady – bariery – wyzwania)
Authors: Pomarańska Renata
Published: February 2019

Głównym celem artykułu jest odpowiedź na pytanie: jakie bariery i wyzwania stoją przed kobietami z niepełnosprawnościami fizycznymi prowadzącymi własne firmy, a także jakie dobre praktyki mogą być przykładem dla innych kobiet niepełnosprawnych. Przedstawiono po krótce sytuację kobiet w Polsce ze względu na ich udział w życiu zawodowym. Wyjaśniono także ważne w analizie terminy przedsiębiorczość i niepełnosprawność.
W artykule przeprowadzono analizę i podjęto próbę systematyzacji barier, które mogą utrudniać rozpoczęcie i skuteczną realizację zadań przedsiębiorczości przez kobiety z niepełnosprawnościami. Zauważono, iż przeszkody te mają różnorodny charakter. Drugą rozważaną kwestią są wyzwania, z jakimi kobiety z niepełnosprawnościami muszą się zmagać zarówno podejmując decyzję o rozpoczęciu własnej działalności biznesowej, jak i w trakcie jej prowadzenia. W tej części artykułu zaproponowano też pewne rozwiązania, które mogą ułatwić sprostanie wielorakim zadaniom. Na koniec, opierając się na metodzie badawczej case study, zaprezentowano przykłady przedsiębiorczych kobiet z niepełnosprawnością, które odniosły sukces i mogą być wzorem oraz inspiracją dla innych kobiet borykających się z podobnymi problemami. W zakończeniu zaprezentowano wnioski i zaproponowano pogłębianie tematu zarówno w obszarze badawczym, jak i instytucjonalnym, gdyż na gruncie polskim tematyka ta jest mało znana. Brakuje zarówno prowadzonych badań, jak i opracowań tego zagadnienia.
Baseball Arbitration to Resolve International Law Disputes: Hit or Miss?
Authors: Pauwelyn Joost
Published: February 2019

This Article assesses a concrete proposal that may address some of the current backlash against international courts and tribunals: baseball arbitration, also known as final offer arbitration (FOA), where disputing parties each offer an answer to the dispute (their “final offer”) and the adjudicator’s task is strictly limited to picking one or the other answer (“hit or miss”). FOA preserves a crucial role for neutral, third-party adjudication but puts more responsibility on states to work out positive solutions themselves. When carefully calibrated, FOA can, at least for some types of disputes (especially numerical ones between two parties), enhance both efficiency (speed, reduced cost, and complexity) and accuracy (reasonable party offers versus tribunals splitting the difference between extreme demands). In addition, FOA should facilitate, rather than chill, settlement and long-term cooperation, and it puts states rather than tribunals in the driver’s seat. FOA can also reduce certain sovereignty costs (no giving reasons or setting precedential value for awards) and may unlock state consent to arbitration where traditionally it is lacking or heavily contested. Although FOA would seem to be particularly suited to settling international law disputes (where sovereignty costs and suspicion toward tribunals run high), surprisingly, FOA is virtually unknown to international lawyers. Ironically, it is also exactly where FOA is now being confirmed in treaty practice—to settle international tax disputes—that FOA shows its limits. In other settings where FOA is not currently practiced, such as certain trade or investment disputes, FOA has great potential. Neither “hit” nor “miss,” the choice should, in most cases, not be between opting into either reasoned arbitration or baseball arbitration. An optimal dispute resolution mechanism is likely a combination of both reasoned arbitration (on threshold issues) and FOA (on numerical questions).
Rewarding Honest Taxpayers: An Experimental Assessment
Authors: Satterthwaite Emily A.
Published: February 2019

Shrinking budgetary allocations for tax enforcement at the U.S. federal level have placed an unprecedented premium on low cost policies that promote voluntary tax compliance. In other jurisdictions, tax administrators have experimented with rewarding taxpayers for voluntarily complying with tax laws, but there has been an absence of reward-focused policy experimentation in the United States. To explore the efficacy of rewards among U.S. taxpayer populations, a multi-period online tax reporting experiment was conducted featuring a simple reward intervention: a token monetary amount pre-announced and provided to participants who were audited and found to have fully complied. The reward failed to increase average post-audit compliance levels as compared to the no-reward control condition, regardless of whether random audits or non-random (i.e., conditional on past detected evasion) audits were used. However, the reward treatment condition in combination with random audits was strikingly effective with respect to an alternative measure of tax compliance: “consistent compliance,” or the outcome in which a participant voluntarily reports all of her income in each and every period of the experiment. When used in conjunction with random audits, the reward treatment caused consistent compliance to rise by 89% as compared to the no-reward control condition (statistically significant at the 5% level). These results suggest that pairing token monetary rewards with random audits may help maintain taxpayers’ commitments to voluntary compliance over time. Such findings may justify conducting field experiments to better understand the effects of reward programs on real-world taxpayer populations.
Endowment Taxation and Equality of Resources
Authors: Sam Erick J.
Published: February 2019

This Article has two primary aims. The first is to provide an in-depth survey of recent legal academic literature on endowment (or ability) taxation, which is a tax on a person’s maximum potential earnings over a given period. This scheme of taxation, which has for some time enjoyed favor as an ideal among economists, has recently gained significant support from tax law scholars as well. The second aim is to demonstrate that a seemingly elegant justification for the endowment tax, which attempts to reconcile the demands of equity and liberty within a certain luck egalitarian framework—Ronald Dworkin’s “equality of resources”—is not ultimately successful. Thus, the firmness of the endowment tax’s normative foundations remains far fromsettled.
Divergenz und Transformation
Authors: Hoffmann Rhea
Published: February 2019

Based on assumptions from constitutional theory, this book examines the effects of international investment law on domestic constitutions and finds that the democratic compromise on property protection and the protection of legal positions under international investment law are structured differently. Protection of property under international investment law is oriented towards a high standard of protection for investors, while the democratic compromise on property protection strikes a balance between property protection on the one hand and public welfare interests on the other. The constitutions of Germany, South Africa and Australia and investment disputes concerning these countries (including Philip Morris and Vattenfall) serve as case illustrations. In addition, the study shows that the divergence between these two legal principles can also lead to a transformation of the democratic property compromise.
Pulmonary Nodular Lymphoid Hyperplasia
Authors: Yell Maggie , Rosado Flavia G.
Published: February 2019

Pulmonary nodular lymphoid hyperplasia is an uncommon reactive lymphoproliferative disorder that presents as an asymptomatic lung mass. The histopathologic diagnosis of pulmonary nodular lymphoid hyperplasia may be challenging because of its morphologic overlap with other diseases, such as extranodal marginal zone lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue and immunoglobulin G4–related sclerosing disease. Despite the similarities, there are distinctive morphologic and phenotypic features that allow for the correct diagnosis in the majority of cases. This review aims to discuss the clinicopathologic features of pulmonary nodular lymphoid hyperplasia and contrast them with its histopathologic mimickers.
Ship Roll Damping Coefficient Prediction Using CFD
Authors: Kianejad Seyed Sadra , Enshaei Hossein , Duffy Jonathan , Ansarifard Nazanin , Ranmuthugala Dev
Published: February 2019

For a ship undergoing roll motion at a resonance frequency, the roll restoring moment and virtual moment of inertia counteract each other and only the damping moment resists the roll exciting moments. Hence, accurate computation of the roll damping moment improves the roll motion prediction. There are several methods to calculate the damping moment; however, most of them fail to consider the viscous effects, such as the potential theory-based method. The experimental measurements take into account the viscous effect; however, they are expensive. The Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) method is an alternative to accurately consider the viscous effect. In this study, a CFD approach based on harmonic exciting roll motion technique is adopted to compute the roll motion characteristics and damping coefficients at different conditions. The impact of appendages, Froude number, and degrees of freedom on roll motion characteristics and damping coefficients are investigated for the model scale and full scale to study the scale effects. The results at the model scale are compared against experimental measurements and good correlation was found.

1. Introduction

Controlling the roll motion of a ship in a seaway is essential for the safety and habitability. The roll motion of a ship is nonlinear, and the nonlinearity increases at the resonance as the ship experiences larger roll motion. Accurately computing the roll damping at the resonance frequency is important because the moment of inertia and restoring moment counteract each other and the damping moment opposes the roll motion. The total roll damping consists of friction damping, body eddy shedding damping, surface wave damping, lift force damping, and appendages damping. The wave and lift force damping can be calculated by potential flow theory based methods, whereas others are influenced by viscosity.

In general, most roll damping calculation methods are based on empirical models, and Ikeda's method (Ikeda et al. 1978) is most common one. Although this method works quite well for conventional ships, the predicted results are sometimes conservative or underestimated for unconventional ships (Gu et al. 2013). Large roll damping is strongly nonlinear and is influenced by fluid viscosity and flow characteristics such as flow separation and vortex shedding. Empirical or semi-empirical methods cannot account the flow characteristics of such a complex flow. Roll damping calculation for conventional ships by Ikeda's simplified method can fit experimental data quite well at small roll angles. However, when the roll angle is large, it is out of the acceptable range of Ikeda's method, and the accuracy of the computed damping coefficient is low (Kawahara et al. 2012).
De la quête de soi à la présence du monde dans l'œuvre poétique d'Henry Bauchau
Authors: Mayaux Catherine
Published: February 2019

L'écriture poétique d'Henry Bauchau l'a porté tout au long de sa vie à l'exploration et construction de soi, mais aussi vers l'ouverture au monde et à sa présence dans un détachement progressif du souci de soi, qui devient de plus
en plus manifeste dans les oeuvres de la grande maturité. Ce recentrement de l'œuvre sur l'essentiel, cet apurement de l'écriture ramenée à l'existence dans son battement de présence se sont faits lentement, au fil d'aléas qui ont conduit à
des renoncements, à l'apprentissage de la simplicité et du goût du bonheur. C'est cette évolution sur le long temps de l'œuvre que tente d'examiner cette étude.
La Part d'humanité du poème aujourd'hui
Authors: Lloze Évelyne
Published: February 2019

À travers une lecture centrée essentiellement sur des textes de James Sacré, nous tenterons d'explorer l'imaginaire et les modes d'écriture d'un certain ethos de poète contemporain, dont il nous semble que son œuvre est révélatrice.
Comment le texte poétique permet-il d'établir des rapports aux autres, au monde et au réel particuliers, comment, dans l'émotion et la proximité, s'ouvre-t-il et nous ouvre-t-il aux altérités, voilà entre autres, ce que nous voudrions
ici évoquer, au travers d'un parcours qui essaiera d'associer l'étude de détail à un regard plus théoricien.
Mosaïque de présents
Authors: Deguy Michel
Published: February 2019

Michel Deguy, poète et philosophe, a publié une cinquantaine de livres (1970–2018) chez Gallimard, Seuil, Galilée et différents éditeurs. Professeur émérite à l'Université de Paris 8, il a dirigé le Collège
international de philosophie de 1989 à 1992, puis présidé son Conseil d'administration de longues années. Il est le rédacteur en chef de la revue Po&sie, qu'il a fondée en 1977 aux éditions Belin. Il a reçu en 1989 le Grand
Prix national de poésie, et en 2004 le Grand Prix de poésie de l'Académie française. Les titres les plus récents sont des poèmes — Poèmes et tombeau pour Yves Bonnefoy (La Robe noire, 2018); Divan amoureux (APIC, 2018); Prose
du suaire, poème en vingt langues (Al Manar, 2015) — et des textes de poétique: Noir, impair et manque, dialogue avec Bénédicte Gorrillot (Argol, 2016); L'Envergure des comparses. Écologie et poétique (Hermann, 2017).
À supposer la poésie et la présence
Authors: Jouet Jacques
Published: February 2019

Jacques Jouet est né en 1947 dans la banlieue de Paris. Il se veut écrivain tout-terrain: poésie, nouvelle, roman, théâtre, essai. Depuis 1983, il est membre de l'Oulipo (Ouvroir de Littérature Potentielle). Il est engagé dans
plusieurs chantiers d'envergure: La République de Mek-Ouyes, un roman-feuilleton en 2000 épisodes toujours à suivre; Le Poème du jour, poème quotidien depuis le 1er avril 1992, devenu depuis 2013 le PPP Projet poétique planétaire,
désormais collectif, consistant à adresser quotidiennement un poème par voie postale à la terre entière. Ses dernières publications sont: Du jour, poésie (P.O.L, 2013); Le Cocommuniste, roman (P.O.L, 2014); La Scène
est sur la scène. 'Théêtre' complet (site www.pol-editeur.com); Ruminations du potentiel, essais (Nous, 2016); La Dernière France, roman (P.O.L, 2018).
Poetic (Re)Turn in Dany Laferrière's L'Énigme du retour
Authors: Gallagher Mary
Published: February 2019

Dany Laferrière's 2009 novel, L'Énigme du retour, enacts a poetic turn that is also, however, a return (both to the genre of poetry and to a 'temps perdu', which is superimposed on the emigrant writer's 'pays perdu'). As such, this work inflects a personal
narrative with collective, political resonance and with added literary and aesthetic value. Formally, structurally and discursively, it mediates a historically resonant, proto-bardic ethos, connecting across time with a universal tradition of poetically addressing politically and culturally
significant questions, including those related to human engagement with place and displacement.
A community perspective on the concept of marine holobionts: state-of-the-art, challenges, and future directions
Authors: Dittami Simon M , Arboleda Enrique , Auguet Jean-Christophe , Bigalke Arite , Briand Enora , Cárdenas Paco , Cardini Ulisse , Decelle Johan , Engelen Aschwin , Eveillard Damien , Gachon Claire M.M. , Griffiths Sarah , Harder Tilmann , Kayal Ehsan , Kazamia Elena , Lallier François H , Media Mónica , Marzinelli Ezequiel M. , Morganti Teresa , Núñez Pons Laura , Prado Soizic , Pintado José , Saha Mahasweta , Selosse Marc-André , Skillings Derek , Stock Willem , Sunagawa Shinichi , Toulza Eve , Vorobev Alexey , Leblanc Catherine , Not Fabrice
Published: February 2019

Host-microbe interactions play crucial roles in marine ecosystems, but we still have very little understanding of the mechanisms that govern these relationships, the evolutionary processes that shape them, and their ecological consequences. The holobiont concept is a renewed paradigm in biology that can help describe and understand these complex systems. It posits that a host and its associated microbiota, living together in a long-lasting relationship, form the holobiont, and have to be studied together, as a coherent biological and functional unit, in order to understand the biology, ecology and evolution of the organisms. Here we discuss critical concepts and opportunities in marine holobiont research and identify key challenges in the field. We highlight the potential economic, sociological, and environmental impacts of the holobiont concept in marine biological, evolutionary, and environmental sciences with comparisons to terrestrial science whenever appropriate. A deeper understanding of such complex systems, however, will require further technological and conceptual advances. The most significant challenge will be to bridge functional research on simple and tractable model systems and global approaches. This will require scientists to work together as an (inter)active community in order to address, for instance, ecological and evolutionary questions and the roles of holobionts in biogeochemical cycles.
A high-throughput neurohistological pipeline for brain-wide mesoscale connectivity mapping of the common marmoset
Authors: Lin Meng Kuan , Takahashi Yeonsook Shin , Huo Bing-Xing , Hanada Mitsutoshi , Nagashima Jaimi , Hata Junichi , Tolpygo Alexander S , Ram Keerthi , Lee Brian C , Miller Michael I , Rosa Marcello GP , Sasaki Erika , Iriki Atsushi , Okano Hideyuki , Mitra Partha
Published: February 2019

Understanding the connectivity architecture of entire vertebrate brains is a fundamental but difficult task. Here we present an integrated neuro-histological pipeline as well as a grid-based tracer injection strategy for systematic mesoscale connectivity mapping in the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus). Individual brains are sectioned into ~1700 20 µm sections using the tape transfer technique, permitting high quality 3D reconstruction of a series of histochemical stains (Nissl, myelin) interleaved with tracer labeled sections. Systematic in-vivo MRI of the individual animals facilitates injection placement into reference-atlas defined anatomical compartments. Further, by combining the resulting 3D volumes, containing informative cytoarchitectonic markers, with in-vivo and ex-vivo MRI, and using an integrated computational pipeline, we are able to accurately map individual brains into a common reference atlas despite the significant individual variation. This approach will facilitate the systematic assembly of a mesoscale connectivity matrix together with unprecedented 3D reconstructions of brain-wide projection patterns in a primate brain.