bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
48-72 aylık okul öncesi dönem çocuklarının öz düzenleme becerileri ile istendik ve istenmedik anne tutumları arasındaki ilişkilerin incelenmesi
Authors: GÜMRÜKÇÜ BİLGİCİ Bahar
Published: May 2022

Bu çalışmanın amacı 48-72 aylık çocukların annelerinin algıladıkları istendik ve istenmedik anne tutumları ile çocukların öz düzenleme becerilerini ve bu değişkenler arasındaki ilişkileri incelemektir. Araştırma ilişkisel tarama modelindedir. Çalışma grubunu 208 okul öncesi dönem çocuğu ve bu çocukların anneleri oluşturmaktadır. Veri toplama aracı olarak “Demografik Bilgi Formu”, “4-6 Yaş Çocuklarına Yönelik Öz Düzenleme Ölçeği (Anne Formu)” ve “İstendik/İstenmedik Anne Tutum Ölçekleri” kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre, kız çocukların öz düzenleme becerileri erkek çocuklara göre daha yüksek olup, istendik ve istenmedik anne tutumları çocuğun cinsiyetine göre değişmemektedir. Çalışmayan annelerin çocuklarının öz düzenleme becerileri, çalışan annelerin çocuklarının öz düzenleme becerilerine göre çalışma belleği ve engelleyici kontrol-davranış alt boyutlarında daha yüksek iken diğer öz düzenleme alt boyutlarında annelerin çalışma durumu anlamlı bir fark yaratmamaktadır. Çalışan annelerin istendik anne tutumları çalışmayan annelere göre daha düşüktür ve istenmedik anne tutumları annelerin çalışma durumuna göre değişmemektedir. Çocukların okul öncesi eğitime devam süresi öz düzenleme alt boyutlarından sadece dikkat alt boyutunda bir artışa neden olmuştur. İstendik anne tutumları çocukların okul öncesi eğitime devam süresine göre değişmezken, okul öncesi eğitime hiç devam etmemiş çocukların annelerinin istenmedik anne tutumları okul öncesi eğitim almış çocukların annelerine göre daha yüksektir. İstendik anne tutumları ile çocukların öz düzenleme becerileri arasında pozitif, istenmedik anne tutumları ile çocukların öz düzenleme becerilerinden dikkat ve engelleyici kontrol-davranış alt boyutları arasında negatif yönlü korelasyon bulunmaktadır. Çocukların öz düzenleme becerilerini yordayan değişkenin istendik anne tutumları olduğu belirlenmiştir.
Examination of changes in interaction of pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) components for socioscientific argumentation: The effect of experiences
Authors: KUTLUCA Ali Yiğit
Published: May 2022

The purpose of this research is to examine how elementary teachers' learning and teaching experiences and seniority change pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) integrations for socioscientific argumentation. PCK Mapping, which is a pictorial methodology approach, was used to achieve these aims. This research is a multiple case study, which is one of the qualitative research patterns. In this study, which lasted for a total of 10 weeks, five elementary teachers were included in the learning and teaching process related to socioscientific argumentation and PCK. The data were collected from all participants through the lesson plan and PCK interview protocol at the beginning and end of the course. Data from these applications have been appropriately integrated and subcategorized according to PCK components. These data were analysed through in-depth analysis of explicit PCK, inductive method, enumerative approach, PCK mapping and the constant comparative method. The results revealed that experiences contributed in different ways to the integration of PCK for socioscientific argumentation. Experiences increased the importance of the knowledge of students’ understanding. Furthermore, it was determined that while this course less affected the elementary teachers with little professional experience, it more affected the elementary teachers with more professional experience. In view of socioscientific argumentation processes, seniority threshold can be mentioned in the change of the integration of PCK which has an idiosyncratic nature. The educational implications of these results, which have been discussed in the light of the existing literature, have been also mentioned.
Individualized workup - a new approach to the biochemical diagnosis of acute attacks of neuroporphyria
Authors: Schoenfeld N , Mamet R
Published: May 2022

Porphyria experts concur that acute attacks of AIP, VP and HCP, are invariably associated with increases in urinary PBG. Reports differ, however, as to the amount of increase indicative of an acute attack. Some authors consider excretion of at least 25-fold the upper level of normal, as indicative, whereas others regard a 10-fold or even a 2-fold increase, as sufficient indication. An additional diagnostic difficulty arises from the fact that in many individuals known to have inherited one of the acute porphyrias, PBG is persistently raised also during remission. It may be markedly elevated even in asymptomatic carriers. In the absence of a universally accepted standard for interpreting PBG results, attribution of neurovisceral or neuropsychiatric symptoms in porphyrics to an acute attack of porphyria rather than to other causes, depends largely on clinical assessment. The aim of this work was to identify reliable criteria, which will enable establishing or excluding an acute attack, on a biochemical basis. The study summarizes and interprets data obtained during classical neurovisceral acute attacks and latent phases in 20 patients (10 with AIP, 6 with VP, and 4 with HCP). Calculated increases in urinary PBG, with the upper limit of normal excretion, (8.8 micromol/24 h), defined as 100 %, revealed an overlap between values in the acute and latent phases, (1 to 18.5-fold and 2.3 to 51-fold, respectively). This overlap indicates that the workup in each case needs to be individualized. We achieved this goal, by using another method of calculation, in which the PBG value measured during an acute attack in a particular patient was divided by the PBG value measured in that patient's latent phase. Increases of 2.3 to 50.5-fold were obtained, leading to the conclusion that any increase, calculated as above, of 2.3-fold and higher, may be taken as indicative of an acute attack. An additional finding, demonstrated in the study, which might be useful for supporting the diagnosis of an acute attack, is the distinct emission peak observed at 404/621 nm, in the plasma fluorometric scan of AIP and HCP patients, during an acute attack. We conclude that comparison of the urinary PBG level and plasma fluorometric scan in the acute phase to those of the latent phase in the individual patient is the key to correct, accurate and reliable biochemical diagnosis of an acute attack in a patient previously diagnosed as a porphyric. The additional tests required for confirming a patient's first acute attack, having no data to compare with, are discussed.
Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation and Dynamic Neuromuscular Stabilization are Equally Effective in Patients of Different Ages with Spinal Degeneration
Authors: Danytė Skirmantė , Dudonienė Vilma
Published: May 2022

Background. Back pain is the most common symptom caused by intervertebral disc degeneration, thus various interventions are used to relieve it, including transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation and dynamic neuromuscular stabilization.

The aim. To determine the effect of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation and dynamic neuromuscular stabilization on the static endurance of trunk muscles, back pain and functional disability in individuals of different ages with intervertebral disc degeneration.

Methods. The study included 40 individuals diagnosed with lumbar disc degeneration. According to age, the subjects were divided into two groups: the first (n = 22), with a mean age of 34.27 ± 7.81 yrs. and the second (n = 18) with a mean age of 55.28 ± 5.86 yrs. Both groups underwent transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation and dynamic neuromuscular stabilization to relieve back pain. The duration of the study was 8 weeks. Before the intervention, after 4 weeks and after 8 weeks of the intervention, the static endurance of the trunk muscles and the pain intensity were assessed according to the numerical analog pain scale and the functional disability according to the Roland-Morris questionnaire.

Results. Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation and dynamic neuromuscular stabilization of eight-week duration significantly increased static endurance of trunk muscles, reduced pain intensity, and functional disability in different age groups. No significant differences were found between groups after either 4 or 8 weeks of intervention.

Conclusion. The use of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation and dynamic neuromuscular stabilization may reduce back pain and functional impairment in patients with intervertebral disc degeneration, regardless the age of patients.

Keywords: transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, dynamic neuromuscular stabilization, back pain, disc degeneration.
THE INFLUENCE OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA ON THE MILITARY-POLITICAL SITUATION IN EAST ASIA IN THE SECOND HALF OF 1941: HISTORICAL AND POLITICAL ANALYSIS
Authors:   Institute of the Far East of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation, ERMAKOV DMITRY , POPOV GRIGORY , KAZENKOV OLEG ,   M.F. Stelmakh Polyus Research Institute,   Engineering Academy of the Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia,   Institute of Social Sciences of the Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA) under the President of the Russian Federation
Published: May 2022

The authors, relying on previously unexplored and little-studied materials, analyze the reasons for the refusal of the top leadership of Japan from armed aggression against the USSR and the turn of the expansion of militaristic Japan into the zone of the South Seas. The authors conclude that the famous decision to abandon the attack on Soviet territories was dictated by the entire course of the Sino-Japanese war, which took a lot of resources from Japan and, moreover, required the seizure of possessions in Southeast Asia. It was precisely because of the occupation of Southern Indochina that relations between Japan and the United States became sharply complicated in the second half of the summer of 1941, which led to an embargo by the Allies against Japan and the latter’s attack on Pearl Harbor.
INFORMATION - A NEW WEAPON OF MASS DESTRUCTION
Authors:   The Newspaper “Trud”, Moscow, Russian Federation, SELIN IVAN ,   “Southern Alliance Corporation”, Republic of Adygea, Russian Federation, FENTISOV DMITRIY
Published: May 2022

This article examines the importance of information and informatization processes in the modern world, considers the possibility of influencing the population with its help, and also presents the advantages and disadvantages of such influence. One of the main identified disadvantages of using information in relation to large masses of people is the use of information as a new weapon of mass destruction, as it can be recognized on the basis of the legislation of the Russian Federation. In this regard, the article presents the signs of information weapons, its distinctive features, on the basis of which it is possible to judge its difference from other types of weapons. The factors and conditions of using information as a weapon are also considered. In addition, the classification of the use of information as a new weapon is presented, arguments are given in favor of this on the basis of Russian legislation. The relevance of the research according to the presented topic is due to the emergence in the modern world of a new type of weapons of mass destruction in the form of information and information technologies that can be used by any person or authority with access to a large number of people to achieve certain goals. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to study the facts and conditions of attribution of information to a new weapon of mass destruction, to consider specific examples of the use of information in a negative way. During the research, the study of relevant materials, documentation, as well as the presentation of illustrative examples, the following result was obtained: based on specific facts and examples, it was proved that information and information technology can be attributed to a new weapon of mass destruction.
ADMIRATION (ADMIRATIO) AS A CRITERION FOR THE AUTOPOIESIS OF ART (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE DISTINCTIONS OF ANCIENT THINKERS)
Authors:   Vladimir State University, Vladimdir, Russian Federation, LIUTAEVA MARIA
Published: May 2022

The research is devoted to the phenomenon of admiratio (admiration, wonder, marvelous) as a criterion of art. The methodological basis of the study is the system theory of Niklas Luhmann. Admiration is presented as a factor in the activation of social autopoiesis, the media of successful communication. The German sociologist refers it to the “traditional” theories of art, the origins of which are found in philosophical and literary reflection starting from ancient Greece. In the sphere of describing art, admiration (wonder) appears in Homer’s poems, marking the sphere of skillful activity (techne) and its works, which are considered as one of the ways of achieving fame for the author. In the philosophical thought of the classical period of Ancient Greece (in the works of Plato, Aristotle), further in the treatises of Cicero and the letters of Horace, admiration is revealed in many ways: the key aspect of the epistemological program; a source of pleasure, in connection with which it receives a controversial assessment; a phenomenon that has a strong and unpredictable effect on the audience. The initial orientation of this concept to observation and the figure of the observer is noted, allowing art to be conceptualized in terms of communicative theory, taking into account the expectations of the audience, directing attention to the reflection of what is perceived.
FEATURES OF LEGAL REGULATION OF THE NAMES OF BIOMEDICAL CELL PRODUCTS
Authors:   Educational Institution of the Trade Unions of Higher Professional Education “Academy of Labor and Social Relations” (OUP VO “ATiSO”), Moscow, Russian Federation, DAVIDENKO ANASTASIA
Published: May 2022

Today, the rapid development of science and technology has led to the development of new, completely different technologies, different from traditional ones. First, it affected the sphere of biotechnology. A lot of research is being done to create biomedical cell products. However, the introduction of such products into production and their practical application involves a number of legal issues, including the naming of biomedical cell products. The relevance of the topic of this study is because in the Russian Federation, the legal regulation of BMCP is at an early stage, but this issue is of great importance for the introduction of such products and their certification on the market. The purpose of the study is to consider the features of the legal regulation of the names of biomedical cell products. Research methodology: analysis of the legal regulation of the names of biomedical cell products. The novelty of the study lies in the consideration of the features of the legal regulation of the names of biomedical cell products
ESG: RESEARCH PROGRESS AND FUTURE PROSPECTS
Authors:   Financial University, Moscow, Russian Federation, RAZOV PAVEL
Published: May 2022

The sustainable development of the global economy and society calls for the practice of the environmental, social and governance (ESG) principle. The ESG principle has been developed for 17 years following its formal proposal in 2004. Countries around the world continue to promote the coordinated development of the environment, society, and governance in accordance with the ESG principle. In order to review and summarize ESG research, this study takes the literature related to ESG research as the research object and presents the cooperation status, hot spots, and trends of ESG research. This study presents an examination and comprehensive summary of progress in the research into ESG combined with a systematic literature review. This includes the theoretical basis of ESG research, the interaction between the dimensions of ESG, the impact of ESG on the economic consequences, the risk prevention role of ESG, and ESG measurement. Based on the systematic summary of research progress, this paper further refines the characteristics of ESG research, reveals the shortcomings of ESG research, and propose a focus for ESG research in the future in order to provide a reference for academic research and the practice of ESG.
A DIACHRONIC STUDY OF THE CONSTRUCTION OF CIVIC ETHICS IN CHINA
Authors:   Shanghai University of Political Science and Law, Shanghai, China, DEFENG CHU
Published: May 2022

Civic ethics, as a special ideology, is ultimately determined by the economic foundation and is always the product of concrete, realistic and specific industrial relations and social relations. Among the various social forms, the main content of civic ethics and the way of its construction vary greatly. Conduct a diachronic study of civic ethics, explore the main content of civic ethics and the ways of its construction in various social forms and make up the inevitable logic, academic orientation and basic theoretical field of research in the field of building civic ethics.
IMPROVING THE CRIMINAL LAW COUNTERACTION TO THE FINANCING OF TERRORISM IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION BASED ON THE ANALYSIS OF THE JUDICIAL PRACTICE OF THE CENTRAL DISTRICT MILITARY COURT, THE VOLGA MILITARY DISTRICT COURT
Authors:   Information Center of the Investigative Committee of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia Federation, ANASTASIA ANDRIANOVA
Published: May 2022

Purpose of the research. The article discusses some of the problems associated with the criminal law counteraction to the financing of terrorism in the Russian Federation. In the course of the work, criminal cases on the financing of terrorism based on the materials of the Central District Court, the Volga Military District, as well as the scientific results of other research data. The aim of the research is to develop and improve the effectiveness of criminal law countering the financing of terrorism in the Russian Federation. The subject of the research was articles that are materials of judicial practice in the case of financing terrorism, thanks to which it was possible to obtain information about the defendants and the crime committed: socio-demographic characteristics, the presence of a criminal record, the committed act, the totality of crimes, the type and size of the discovered forensic evidence, and others. Some cases of detention and dependence on crimes and committed crimes have been identified and analyzed. Results. The research of materials of criminal cases, the discovery of some problems in the investigation and search for financing of terrorism. The paper proposes some ways to investigate the criminal law financing of counter-terrorism in the Russian Federation.
UNLAWFUL MEDICAL INTERRUPTION OF PREGNANCY IN THE SYSTEM OF CRIMES AGAINST LIFE AND HEALTH
Authors:   Derzhavin Tambov State University, Tambov, Russian Federation, NIKOLAI OGNERUBOV
Published: May 2022

In this article, the author aimed to analyse the question of the place of illegal abortion in the system of crimes against life and health. In order to achieve this goal, a layer of tasks was accomplished: consideration has been given to the present stage of the development of the legal regulation of illegal abortion and the doctrinal approaches available regarding the legal regulation of this procedure and its legal consequences, as well as the criminal law analysis of this offence. Separately, in order to achieve the above objectives of the study, the author highlights the aspects of proper qualification of illegal abortion, as well as the analysis of features (criteria) differentiating between illegal abortion procedure, murder and murder of a newborn baby by the mother. Ultimately, the author, using general scientific methods of research, as well as private scientific methods, among which are comparative-legal and system-structural methods, concludes that the problem of distinguishing related crimes against life and health is relevant, both for Russia and for other countries of the world. The correct location and proportion of illegal abortions, which may be differently labelled in other countries' legislation, is essential for the case-by-case management, correct sentencing and the prevention of similar crimes in the future.
Manifesting Symbolic Representation through Collaborative Policymaking
Authors: Mewhirter Jack , McLaughlin Danielle , Calfano Brian
Published: May 2022

Collaboration is a widely employed strategy for addressing complex policy problems that impact the interests of a diverse set of stakeholders. Whereas scholars have long recognized that including civil-society groups in collaborative policymaking processes leads to the generation of more impactful policy outputs, little known as to whether such inclusion impacts the belief systems of non-participating individuals who are represented by participating groups. In this article, we bridge and extend concepts from collaborative governance and representative bureaucracy literatures to argue that the representation of civil-society groups in collaborative policymaking-forums can have a transformative impact on the way non-participating community members perceive, and subsequently, interact with participating organizations. Empirically, we assess whether the inclusive representation of civil-society groups within a specific collaborative policing forum impacts citizens’ perceptions towards the main participating agency—the police department—finding that collaborative processes do have positive spillover effects.
A Formação dos preços administrados no Brasil
Authors: Campedelli André Luis
Published: May 2022

Os preços administrados correspondem por parte significativa da formação inflacionária brasileira, sendo que estes possuem características peculiares aos daqueles livremente definidos. Além de serem reajustados via regras estipuladas em contrato, sua variação acontece periodicamente, e muitas vezes é baseada em índices de inflação passada. O objetivo deste artigo é analisar a forma que os preços administrados se formam e observar possíveis características próprias que influenciam a formação inflacionária brasileira. Na primeira seção, os preços administrados serão definidos, enquanto na segunda seção a formação destes será observada. Na terceira seção, uma breve análise sobre suas peculiaridades será realizada. O artigo é finalizado com suas considerações finais.
Eosinophils, Hypoxia-Inducible Factors, and Barrier Dysfunction in Functional Dyspepsia
Authors: Hari Suraj , Burns Grace L. , Hoedt Emily C. , Keely Simon , Talley Nicholas J.
Published: May 2022

Functional dyspepsia (FD) is a highly prevalent disorder of gut-brain interaction (DGBI), previously known as a functional gastrointestinal disorder. Characterized by early satiety, postprandial fullness, and/or epigastric pain or burning, diagnosis depends on positive symptomatology and exclusion of obvious structural diseases. A subtle inflammatory phenotype has been identified in FD patients, involving an increase in duodenal mucosal eosinophils, and imbalances in the duodenal gut microbiota. A dysregulated epithelial barrier has also been well described in FD and is thought to be a contributing factor to the low-grade duodenal inflammation observed, however the mechanisms underpinning this are poorly understood. One possible explanation is that alterations in the microbiota and increased immune cells can result in the activation of cellular stress response pathways to perpetuate epithelial barrier dysregulation. One such cellular response pathway involves the stabilization of hypoxia-inducible factors (HIF). HIF, a transcriptional protein involved in the cellular recognition and adaptation to hypoxia, has been identified as a critical component of various pathologies, from cancer to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). While the contribution of HIF to subtle inflammation, such as that seen in FD, is unknown, HIF has been shown to have roles in regulating the inflammatory response, particularly the recruitment of eosinophils, as well as maintaining epithelial barrier structure and function. As such, we aim to review our present understanding of the involvement of eosinophils, barrier dysfunction, and the changes to the gut microbiota including the potential pathways and mechanisms of HIF in FD. A combination of PubMed searches using the Mesh terms functional dyspepsia, functional gastrointestinal disorders, disorders of gut-brain interaction, duodenal eosinophilia, barrier dysfunction, gut microbiota, gut dysbiosis, low-grade duodenal inflammation, hypoxia-inducible factors (or HIF), and/or intestinal inflammation were undertaken in the writing of this narrative review to ensure relevant literature was included. Given the findings from various sources of literature, we propose a novel hypothesis involving a potential role for HIF in the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying FD.
A Modified Hyaluronic Acid–Based Dissolving Microneedle Loaded With Daphnetin Improved the Treatment of Psoriasis
Authors: Peng Shiya , Cheng Liuhanghang , Wu Qian , Li Yuanchao , Ran Lei , Wang Wei , Huang Ke , Zhu Rong , Xue Sihong , Zhou Chunli , Zhu Weidong , Cheng Biao , Fu Xiaobing , Wang Rupeng
Published: May 2022

Psoriasis is a common chronic immune-inflammatory disease. Challenges exist in the present treatment of psoriasis, such as difficulties in transdermal drug administration and severe side effects. We hope to achieve a better therapeutic outcome for psoriasis treatment. By using modified soluble microneedles (MNs) loaded with daphnetin, the psoriasis symptoms of mice, the abnormal proliferation of keratinocytes, and the secretion of inflammatory factors were significantly reduced. In vitro, daphnetin is proven to inhibit the NF-κB signaling pathway and to inhibit the proliferation of HaCaT cells and the release of inflammatory factors, especially CCL20. This research showed that the modified microneedle loaded with daphnetin optimized transdermal drug delivery and relieved the symptoms of psoriasis more effectively. The novel route of Daph administration provides a future research direction for the treatment of psoriasis.
Role of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Bone Regeneration and Osteoporosis
Authors: Peng Zhicai , Xu Ronghua , You Qinjian
Published: May 2022

According to World Health Organization (WHO), osteoporosis is a systematic bone disability marked by reduced bone mass and microarchitectural degeneration of osseous cells, which leads to increased bones feebleness and fractures vulnerability. It is a polygenetic, physiological bone deformity that frequently leads to osteoporotic fractures and raises the risk of fractures in minimal trauma. Additionally, the molecular changes that cause osteoporosis are linked to decreased fracture repair and delayed bone regeneration. Bones have the ability to regenerate as part of the healing mechanism after an accident or trauma, including musculoskeletal growth and ongoing remodeling throughout adulthood. The principal treatment approaches for bone loss illnesses, such as osteoporosis, are hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and bisphosphonates. In this review, we searched literature regarding the Traditional Chinese medicines (TCM) in osteoporosis and bone regeneration. The literature results are summarized in this review for osteoporosis and bone regeneration. Traditional Chinese medicines (TCM) have grown in popularity as a result of its success in curing ailments while causing minimal adverse effects. Natural Chinese medicine has already been utilized to cure various types of orthopedic illnesses, notably osteoporosis, bone fractures and rheumatism with great success. TCM is a discipline of conventional remedy that encompasses herbal medication, massage (tui na), acupuncture, food, and exercise (qigong) therapy. It is based on more than 2,500 years of Chinese healthcare profession. This article serves as a comprehensive review summarizing the osteoporosis, bone regeneration and the traditional Chinese medicines used since ancient times for the management of osteoporosis and bone regeneration.
Influence of Colonies’ Morphological Cues on Cellular Uptake Capacity of Nanoparticles
Authors: Huang Siyuan , Su Qi , Hou Xiaoqiang , Han Kuankuan , Ma Shufang , Xu Bingshe , Yang Yingjun
Published: May 2022

High transmembrane delivery efficiency of nanoparticles has attracted substantial interest for biomedical applications. It has been proved that the desired physicochemical properties of nanoparticles were efficient for obtaining a high cellular uptake capacity. On the other hand, biophysical stimuli from in situ microenvironment were also indicated as another essential factor in the regulation of cellular uptake capacity. Unfortunately, the influence of colony morphology on cellular uptake capacity was rarely analyzed. In this study, micropatterned PDMS stencils containing circular holes of 800/1,200 μm in diameter were applied to control colonies’ size. The amino-modified nanoparticles were cocultured with micropatterned colonies to analyze the influence of colonies’ morphology on the cellular uptake capacity of nanoparticles. Consequently, more endocytosed nanoparticles in larger colonies were related with a bigger dose of nanoparticles within a larger area. Additionally, the high cell density decreased the membrane–nanoparticles’ contacting probability but enhanced clathrin-mediated endocytosis. With these contrary effects, the cells with medium cell density or located in the peripheral region of the micropatterned colonies showed a higher cellular uptake capacity of nanoparticles.
Molecular Structure, Expression and Role of TAFA4 and its Receptor FPR1 in the Spinal Cord
Authors: Zhu Sipin , Hu Xiaoyong , Bennett Samuel , Mai Yuliang , Xu Jiake
Published: May 2022

TAFA chemokine like family member 4 (TAFA4, also named FAM19A4) is a member of the TAFA chemokine like ligand or FAM19A family, which includes TAFA1, TAFA2, TAFA3, TAFA4, and TAFA5 (or FAM19A1, FAM19A2, FAM19A3, FAM19A4, and FAM19A5). They are also referred to as neurokines and are involved in the regulation of a diverse range of cellular processes, including chemotaxis of macrophages, phagocytosis, and release of reactive oxygen species (ROS). TAFA4 is a marker of C-low-threshold mechanoreceptors and is expressed predominantly in nociceptors, such as dorsal root ganglia (DRG). TAFA4 has been implicated in the sensory perception of pain in the spinal cord. Mice with deficiency of TAFA4 demonstrate altered excitability in lamina IIi neurons in DRG in addition to increased mechanical and chemical nociception following inflammation or injury. As a secreted protein, TAFA4 binds to cell surface receptor formyl peptide receptor 1 (FPR1), a G protein-coupled receptor to mediate the chemoattraction of macrophages, phagocytosis, and the inflammatory profile of macrophages. It also interacts with cell surface neurexin to mediate signalling across the synapse. Further understanding the mechanisms by which this conserved protein family regulates diverse biological processes such as in neuronal functions, inflammation, and tissue fibrosis will help to design therapeutic targets for the treatment of TAFA related diseases such as spinal cord injury and neuro-inflammatory disorders.
Wavelength-Tuneable Near-Infrared Luminescence in Mixed Tin–Lead Halide Perovskites
Authors: Liu Meiyue , Zhao Ru , Sun Fuhao , Zhang Putao , Zhang Rui , Chen Zeng , Li Shengjun
Published: May 2022

Near-infrared light-emitting diodes (NIR-LEDs) are widely used in various applications such as night-vision devices, optical communication, biological imaging and optical diagnosis. The current solution-processed high-efficiency perovskite NIR-LEDs are typically based on CsPbI3 and FAPbI3 with emission peaks being limited in the range of 700–800 nm. NIR-LEDs with longer emission wavelengths near to 900 nm can be prepared by replacing Pb with Sn. However, Sn-based perovskite LEDs usually exhibit a low efficiency owing to the high concentration of Sn-related defects and the rapid oxidation of Sn2+ to Sn4+, which further induces the device degradation. These problems can be solved by rationally adjusting the ratio between Pb content with Sn. Mixed Sn-Pb halide perovskites with a smaller bandgap and superior stability than pure Sn-based perovskites are promising candidates for manufacturing next-generation NIR emitters. In this study, we systematically investigated the optical properties of a family of hybrid Sn and Pb iodide compounds. The emission spectra of the mixed Sn-Pb halide perovskites were tuned by changing the Sn:Pb ratio. Consequently, the peak emission wavelength red-shifted from 710 nm to longer than 950 nm. The absorption and photoluminescence emission properties associated with different compositions were compared, and the results demonstrated the potential of MA- and FA-based mixed Sn-Pb halide perovskites for preparing low-cost and efficient NIR-LEDs. In addition, we clarified the influence of cations on the bandgap bowing effect and electronic properties of mixed Sn-Pb halide perovskites.
Derivative Matrix-Isopotential Synchronous Spectrofluorimetry and Hantzsch Reaction: A Direct Route to Simultaneous Determination of Urinary δ-Aminolevulinic Acid and Porphobilinogen
Authors: Ajmal Muhammad , Wei Jia-Wen , Zhao Yan , Liu Yi-Hong , Wu Ping-Ping , Li Yao-Qun
Published: May 2022

Early and sensitive detection of δ-aminolevulinic acid (δ-ALA) and porphobilinogen (PBG) is the cornerstone of diagnosis and effective treatment for acute porphyria. However, at present, the quantifying strategies demand multiple solvent extraction steps or chromatographic approaches to separate δ-ALA and PBG prior to quantification. These methods are both time-consuming and laborious. Otherwise, in conventional spectrofluorimetry, the overlapping spectra of the two analytes cause false diagnosis. To overcome this challenge, we present a two-step approach based on derivative matrix-isopotential synchronous fluorescence spectrometry (DMISFS) and the Hantzsch reaction, realizing the simple and simultaneous detection of δ-ALA and PBG in urine samples. The first step is chemical derivatization of the analytes by Hantzsch reaction. The second step is the determination of the target analytes by combining MISFS and the first derivative technique. The proposed approach accomplishes following advantages: 1) The MISFS technique improves the spectral resolution and resolves severe spectral overlap of the analytes, alleviating tedious and complicated pre-separation processes; 2) First derivative technique removes the background interference of δ-ALA on PBG and vice versa, ensuring high sensitivity; 3) Both the analytes can be determined simultaneously via single scanning, enabling rapid detection. The obtained detection limits for δ-ALA and PBG were 0.04 μmol L−1 and 0.3 μmol L−1, respectively. Within-run precisions (intra and inter-day CVs) for both the analytes were <5%. Further, this study would serve to enhance the availability of early and reliable quantitative diagnosis for acute porphyria in both scientific and clinical laboratories.
Recognition of Cell Wall Mannosylated Components as a Conserved Feature for Fungal Entrance, Adaptation and Survival Within Trophozoites of Acanthamoeba castellanii and Murine Macrophages
Authors: Ferreira Marina da Silva , Mendoza Susana Ruiz , Gonçalves Diego de Souza , Rodríguez-de la Noval Claudia , Honorato Leandro , Nimrichter Leonardo , Ramos Luís Felipe Costa , Nogueira Fábio C. S. , Domont Gilberto B. , Peralta José Mauro , Guimarães Allan J.
Published: May 2022

Acanthamoeba castellanii (Ac) is a species of free-living amoebae (FLAs) that has been widely applied as a model for the study of host-parasite interactions and characterization of environmental symbionts. The sharing of niches between Ac and potential pathogens, such as fungi, favors associations between these organisms. Through predatory behavior, Ac enhances fungal survival, dissemination, and virulence in their intracellular milieu, training these pathogens and granting subsequent success in events of infections to more evolved hosts. In recent studies, our group characterized the amoeboid mannose binding proteins (MBPs) as one of the main fungal recognition pathways. Similarly, mannose-binding lectins play a key role in activating antifungal responses by immune cells. Even in the face of similarities, the distinct impacts and degrees of affinity of fungal recognition for mannose receptors in amoeboid and animal hosts are poorly understood. In this work, we have identified high-affinity ligands for mannosylated fungal cell wall residues expressed on the surface of amoebas and macrophages and determined the relative importance of these pathways in the antifungal responses comparing both phagocytic models. Mannose-purified surface proteins (MPPs) from both phagocytes showed binding to isolated mannose/mannans and mannosylated fungal cell wall targets. Although macrophage MPPs had more intense binding when compared to the amoeba receptors, the inhibition of this pathway affects fungal internalization and survival in both phagocytes. Mass spectrometry identified several MPPs in both models, and in silico alignment showed highly conserved regions between spotted amoeboid receptors (MBP and MBP1) and immune receptors (Mrc1 and Mrc2) and potential molecular mimicry, pointing to a possible convergent evolution of pathogen recognition mechanisms.
CO2 Utilization and Market Size Projection for CO2-treated Construction Materials
Authors: Sick Volker , Stokes Gerald , Mason Fred C.
Published: May 2022

Achieving a net climate benefit requires that captured CO2 (from stack emissions, directly from air or any other source) does not return to the atmosphere. There are several negative-emissions technologies that will meet this criterion. First, underground storage, possibly coupled with mineralization underground, creates essentially permanent removal. Second, CO2 can be mineralized above ground into benign solid materials that can be left in the environment. Third, construction materials such as concrete, aggregates, and wall boards can be made with the use of CO2. From a climate point of view the lifetime of those materials can be considered permanent. While structures (buildings, roads, etc.) will not last permanently, the mineralized CO2 in the underlying raw materials will. The latter negative emissions technology category has the added benefit of creating revenue from the sale of the products and thus providing financial incentives for deployment. The potential CO2 utilization amount and market size for mineral-based construction materials is projected from today to 2050 and is discussed in context of the total addressable market for respective products. A range of scenarios for growth are considered and discussed. CO2 utilization between 1.0 and 10.8 gigatons per year is projected with a market valuation reaching 0.8–1 trillion USD/year by 2050.
Surgical Techniques and Outcomes in Patients With Intra-Cardiac Abscesses Complicating Infective Endocarditis
Authors: Straw Sam , Baig M. Wazir , Mishra Vishal , Gillott Richard , Witte Klaus K. , Van Doorn Carin , Ferrara Antonella , Javangula Kalyana , Sandoe Jonathan A. T.
Published: May 2022

Background

An intra-cardiac abscess is a serious complication of both native (NV-IE) and prosthetic valve infective endocarditis (PV-IE). Despite being an accepted indication for surgery, controversies remain regarding the optimal timing and type of operation. We aimed to report the outcomes of patients managed for intra-cardiac abscesses over more than a decade.

Methods

Patients aged ≥18 years managed for intra-cardiac abscess between 1 January 2005 and 31 December 2017 were identified from a prospectively collected IE database. The primary outcome was 30-day mortality in operated patients and secondary outcomes were freedom from re-infection, re-operation and long-term mortality comparing those patients with aortic root abscess who underwent aortic valve replacement (AVR) and those who received aortic root replacement (ARR).

Results

Fifty-nine patients developed an intra-cardiac abscess, and their median age was 55 (43–71) years; among them, 44 (75%) were men, and 10 (17%) were persons who injected drugs. Infection with beta-haemolytic streptococci was associated with NV-IE (p= 0.009) and coagulase-negative staphylococci with PV-IE (p= 0.005). Forty-four (75%) underwent an operation, and among those with aortic root abscess, 27 underwent AVR and 12 ARR. Thirty-day mortality was associated with infection withS. aureus(p= 0.006) but not the type or timing of the operation. Survival in operated patients was 66% at 1 year and 59% at 5 years. In operated patients, none had a relapse, although six developed late recurrence. Freedom from infection, re-operation and long-term mortality were similar in patients undergoing AVR compared to ARR.

Conclusion

Patients diagnosed with intra-cardiac abscess who were not operated on had very poor survival. In those who underwent an operation, either by AVR or ARR based upon patient factors, imaging and intra-operative findings outcomes were similar.
Comparing Clinical Outcomes on Oncology Patients With Severe Aortic Stenosis Undergoing Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Song Yumeng , Wang Yutong , Wang Zuoxiang , Xu Chang , Dou Jingshen , Jiang Tingbo
Published: May 2022

Objective

To compare the clinical outcomes of cancer and non-cancer patients with severe aortic stenosis (AS) after transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI).

Methods

A computer-based search in PubMed, EMbase, The Cochrane Library, CBM, CNKI, and Wanfang databases from their date of inception to October 2021, together with reference screening, was performed to identify eligible clinical trials. Two reviewers independently screened the articles, extracted data, and evaluated their quality. Review Manger 5.3 and Stata 12.0 software were used for meta-analysis.

Results

The selected 11 cohort studies contained 182,645 patients, including 36,283 patients with cancer and 146,362 patients without cancer. The results of the meta-analysis showed that the 30-day mortality [OR = 0.68, 95%CI (0.63,0.74), I2= 0, P < 0.00001] of patients with cancer in the AS group was lower than those in the non-cancer group; 1-year mortality [OR = 1.49, 95%CI(1.19,1.88), I2= 58%, P = 0.0006] and late mortality [OR = 1.52, 95%CI(1.26,1.84), I2= 55%, P < 0.0001] of patients with cancer in the AS group was higher than those in the non-cancer group. The results of the meta-analysis showed that the stroke [OR = 0.77, 95%CI (0.72, 0.82), I2= 0, P < 0.00001] and the acute kidney injury [OR = 0.78, 95%CI (0.68, 0.90), I2= 77%, P = 0.0005] of patients with cancer in the AS group was lower than those in the non-cancer group. The results of the meta-analysis showed no statistical difference in cardiovascular mortality, bleeding events, myocardial infarction, vascular complication, and device success rate.

Conclusion

It is more effective and safer in patients with cancer with severe AS who were undergoing TAVI. However, compared with patients with no cancer, this is still high in terms of long-term mortality, and further study of the role of TAVI in patients with cancer with AS is necessary.

Systematic Review Registration

Identifier [INPLASY CRD: 202220009].
Predictors of Recurrence and Survival in Cancer Patients With Pericardial Effusion Requiring Pericardiocentesis
Authors: Ahmed Talha , Mouhayar Elie , Song Juhee , Koutroumpakis Efstratios , Palaskas Nicolas L. , Yusuf Syed Wamique , Lopez-Mattei Juan , Hassan Saamir A. , Kim Peter , Cilingiroglu Mehmet , Marmagkiolis Konstantinos , Vaporciyan Ara A. , Swisher Stephen , Deswal Anita , Iliescu Cezar
Published: May 2022

Aim

This study investigated the factors predicting survival and the recurrence of pericardial effusion (PE) requiring pericardiocentesis (PCC) in patients with cancer.

Materials and Methods

We analyzed the data of patients who underwent PCC for large PEs from 2010 to 2020 at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center. The time to the first recurrent PE requiring PCC was the interval from the index PCC with pericardial drain placement to first recurrent PE requiring drainage (either repeated PCC or a pericardial window). Univariate and multivariate Fine-Gray models accounting for the competing risk of death were used to identify predictors of recurrent PE requiring drainage. Cox regression models were used to identify predictors of death.

Results

The study cohort included 418 patients with index PCC and pericardial drain placement, of whom 65 (16%) had recurrent PEs requiring drainage. The cumulative incidences of recurrent PE requiring drainage at 12 and 60 months were 15.0% and 15.6%, respectively. Younger age, anti-inflammatory medication use, and solid tumors were associated with an increased risk of recurrence of PE requiring drainage, and that echocardiographic evidence of tamponade at presentation and receipt of immunotherapy were associated with a decreased risk of recurrence. Factors predicting poor survival included older age, malignant effusion on cytology, non-use of anti-inflammatory agents, non-lymphoma cancers and primary lung cancer.

Conclusion

Among cancer patients with large PEs requiring drainage, young patients with solid tumors were more likely to experience recurrence, while elderly patients and those with lung cancer, malignant PE cytology, and non-use of anti-inflammatory agents showed worse survival.
Applications of Extracellular Vesicles in Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm
Authors: Lu Shan , Wang Ruihan , Fu Weiguo , Si Yi
Published: May 2022

Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a localized expansion of the abdominal aorta which can lead to lethal complication as the rupture of aortic wall. Currently there is still neither competent method to predict the impending rupture of aneurysm, nor effective treatment to arrest the progression of small and asymptomatic aneurysms. Accumulating evidence has confirmed the crucial role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in the pathological course of AAA, acting as important mediators of intercellular communication. Given the advantages of intrinsic targeting properties, lower toxicity and fair stability, EVs show great potential to serve as biomarkers, therapeutic agents and drug delivery carriers. However, EV therapies still face several major challenges before they can be applied clinically, including off-target effect, low accumulation rate and rapid clearance by mononuclear phagocyte system. In this review, we first illustrate the roles of EV in the pathological process of AAA and evaluate its possible clinical applications. We also identify present challenges for EV applications, highlight different strategies of EV engineering and constructions of EV-like nanoparticles, including EV display technology and membrane hybrid technology. These leading-edge techniques have been recently employed in multiple cardiovascular diseases and their promising application in the field of AAA is discussed.