bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Combined Effects of Hillslope-Concentrated Flows and Riverine Stream Waves on Soil Erosion in the Reservoir Riparian Zone
Authors: Bao Yuhai , Yu Yantong , Tang Qiang , He Xiubin , Wei Jie , Hu Yunhua , Li Jinlin
Published: December 2021

During the exposed season, the water level fluctuation zone of the Three Gorges Reservoir has suffered from hillslope-concentrated flows and riverine stream waves, which considerably complicates the processes and magnifies the rate of bank erosion. This study depicts the forms and patterns of integrated bank erosion in this reservoir marginal landscape, decouples the evolutionary processes involved, explores the underlying mechanisms, and quantifies the magnitude through a case study on a fine-grained sandy bank. Hillslope-concentrated flows over rainfall storm events developed continuous gullies starting from uplands and extending throughout the entire slope of the reservoir bank, characterized by relatively larger depths and widths compared with discontinuous gullies on the lower slope developed by riverine stream waves.
A New Strategy for Sponge City Construction of Urban Roads: Combining the Traditional Functions with Landscape and Drainage
Authors: Wei Chengyao , Wang Jin , Li Peirong , Wu Bingdang , Liu Hanhan , Jiang Yongbo , Huang Tianyin
Published: December 2021

Urban roads play a key role in sponge city construction, especially because of their drainage functions. However, efficient methods to enhance their drainage performance are still lacking. Here, we propose a new strategy to combine roads, green spaces, and the drainage system. Generally, by considering the organization of the runoff and the construction of the drainage system (including sponge city facilities) as the core of the strategy, the drainage and traffic functions were combined. This new strategy was implemented in a pilot study of road reconstruction conducted in Zhangjiagang, Suzhou, China. Steel slag was used in the structural layers to enhance the water permeability of the pavement and the removal of runoff pollutants. The combined effects of this system and of the ribbon biological retention zone, allowed achieving an average removal rate of suspended solids, a chemical oxygen demand, a removal of total nitrogen and total phosphorus of 71.60%, 78.35%, 63.93%, and 49.47%; in contrast, a traditional road could not perform as well. Furthermore, the volume control rate of the annual runoff met the construction requirements (70%). The results of the present study indicate that, combining the traditional basic functions of roads with those of landscape and drainage might be a promising strategy for sponge city construction of urban road.
The Study of Drought in Future Climate Scenarios in the Huang-Huai-Hai Region
Authors: Jiang Gengmin , Gu Xiaobo , Zhao Dongsheng , Xu Jun , Yang Changkun , Wang Siyu , Li Yuying , Li Bai-Lian
Published: December 2021

In the context of global warming, agricultural production and social and economic development are significantly affected by drought. The future change of climate conditions is uncertain; thus, it is of great importance to clarify the aspects of drought in order to define local and regional drought adaptation strategies. In this study, the meteorological data from 1976 to 2005 was used as a historical reference, and nine Global Climate Models (GCMs), downscaling to meteorological stations from 2039 to 2089, were used as future climate data. Based on Penman–Monteith, the reference crop Evapotranspiration (ET0) and Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) of the reference crop in three emission scenarios of RCP2.6, RCP4.5, and RCP8.5, under future climate conditions, were calculated. A non-parameter Mann–Kendall trend test was performed on temperature, precipitation, ET0, and SPEI to analyze the drought spatiotemporal distribution traits under upcoming climate scenarios. The results showed that, under future climate conditions, SPEI values in most areas of the Huang-Huai-Hai region would continuously increase year by year, and drought would be alleviated to some extent at the same pace. However, with the increase of greenhouse gas concentration in the emission scenarios, SPEI values continued to decline. In the RCP8.5 scenario, the area of severe drought was large. To sum up, in the future climate scenario, the degree of drought in the Huang-Huai-Hai region will be alleviated to some extent with the increase of rainfall, but with the increase of greenhouse gas concentration, the degree of drought will be further intensified, posing a huge challenge to agricultural water use in the region. This study provides a theoretical foundation for alleviating drought in the Huang-Huai-Hai region in future climate scenarios.
The Current Oxygen and Hydrogen Isotopic Status of Lake Baikal
Authors: Fedotov Andrey , Gnatovsky Ruslan , Blinov Vadim , Sakirko Maria , Domysheva Valentina , Stepanova Olga
Published: December 2021

This study revises the δ18O and δ2H status of Lake Baikal. The mean values of δ18O and δ2H varied from −15.9 to −15.5‰ and from −123.2 to 122.2‰, respectively, for the past 30 yr. The isotopic composition of the lake remained more ‘‘light” compared to the regional precipitation and rivers inflows. The isotopic composition of the lake has begun to change since ca.1920 after the Little Ice Age; however, Lake Baikal still has not reached the isotopically steady state in the present. The calculated composition of the steady-state should be −12.3‰ for δ18O and −103.6‰ for δ2H. If regional climate parameters do not change dramatically, Lake Baikal will reach these values in ca. 226 yr. Based on isotopic fingerprints of the upper (0 to 150 m) and near-bottom layers (ca. 150 m from the bottom floor), the renewal in the southern and central basins of Lake Baikal has occurred recently compared to the northern Baikal basin, and the size of the mixing-cell of downwelling is close to 30 km.
Fault Diagnosis for PEMFC Water Management Subsystem Based on Learning Vector Quantization Neural Network and Kernel Principal Component Analysis
Authors: Jiang Shuna , Li Qi , Gan Rui , Chen Weirong
Published: December 2021

To solve the problem of water management subsystem fault diagnosis in a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) system, a novel approach based on learning vector quantization neural network (LVQNN) and kernel principal component analysis (KPCA) is proposed. In the proposed approach, the KPCA method is used for processing strongly coupled fault data with a high dimension to reduce the data dimension and to extract new low-dimensional fault feature data. The LVQNN method is used to carry out fault recognition using the fault feature data. The effectiveness of the proposed fault detection method is validated using the experimental data of the PEMFC power system. Results show that the proposed method can quickly and accurately diagnose the three health states: normal state, water flooding failure and membrane dry failure, and the recognition accuracy can reach 96.93%. Therefore, the method proposed in this paper is suitable for processing the fault data with a high dimension and abundant quantities, and provides a reference for the application of water management subsystem fault diagnosis of PEMFC.
How to properly conduct a medical examination
Authors: Zhizherina Yu.
Published: December 2021

The organization of medical examination of employees is a direct obligation of the employer. Since April 2021, the rules for undergoing medical examinations have been changed. What is included in the area of responsibility of the personnel officer, what medical examinations and examinations the employee must undergo, how the personnel service should correctly organize and arrange for preliminary and periodic medical examinations, read the material.
Perioperative considerations for acute appendicitis in patients with COVID-19 infection: two case reports
Authors: Kim In-Kyeong , Kwag Seung-jin , Kim Han-Gil , Ju Young-Tae , Lee Seung-Jun , Park Tae-Jin , Jeong Sang-Ho , Jung Eun-Jung , Lee Jin-Kwon
Published: December 2021

We report considerations related with surgery through 2 cases of acute apendicitis with COVID-19 infection. In November and December 2020, two patients infected with COVID-19 developed acute apendicitis and underwent emergency surgery. In case 1, an 84-year-old woman was asymptomatic and diagnosed with acute apendicitis on the 20th day of infection. She was discharged after surgery without complication. In contrast, case 2 was a 69-year-old male patient with pneumonia treated with antibiotics, steroids and remdesivir. After surgery, he was hospitalized for a long duration due to persistent pneumonia and wound complications. We should perform appendectomy in well-established negative pressure operating rooms, personal protective equipment, and protocols. Since the physical examination and blood tests were limited, image examination like computed tomography scan should be considered if acute apendicitis is suspected. If the patient has pneumonia before surgery, it can get worse after surgery, and complications such as wound infections can occur.
PRODUCTIVITY OF MICROALGAE CHLORELLA SOROKINIANA WHEN GROWING ON CHICKEN MANURE UNDER DIFFERENT LIGHTING CONDITIONS
Authors:   Federal Agricultural Kursk Research Center, Lukyanov V.A. , Gorbunova S.Yu. ,   Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas of RAS
Published: December 2021

The production of microalgae biomass on agricultural waste has a high potential, which is associated both with solving a number of environmental problems and also with obtaining a commercial effect. The purpose of the research is to determine the production characteristics of Chlorella sorokiniana microalgae when grown under different light conditions on a nutrient medium prepared on the basis of chicken manure. The research was carried out in the laboratories of the Federal Agricultural Kursk Research Center in 2020–2021. The object of the study is a culture of microalgae Chlorella sorokiniana (IPPAS C-1). Chicken manure in terms of dry weight contained 3.82 % of total nitrogen, 1.93 % – phosphorus, 55.26 % – organic matter. The toxic elements were within acceptable limits. A distinctive feature of the method of preparing a nutrient medium based on manure was its use without preliminary fermentation at a dose of 7 g/l. Photobioreactors with a volume of 5 liters of closed type with constant artificial lighting and 20 liters of open type with natural lighting were used for work. The culture layer for all variants of the experiment was 0.15 m. Artificial lighting was represented by HPS 150 W and energy-saving LED Aquael 10 W lamps. Illumination under artificial lighting was 20 and 40 klx, under natural lighting – 36 and 70 klx. When comparing different lighting sources, it was found that the use of a nutrient medium based on chicken manure made it possible to obtain a culture of Chlorella sorokiniana with a cell density from 38.67 to 62.66 million ml-1 under LED lighting, from 43.67 to 76.67 million ml-1 under HPS lighting and from 17.33 to 41.33 million ml-1 under natural lighting. Considering the three types of lighting, it should be noted that the most optimal way of Chlorella sorokiniana cultivation is on chicken manure under natural and LED lighting. Variants with a HPS lighting system were more energy-intensive even though they had a higher cell density.
PRODUCTIVITY AND PROTEIN-GLUTEN COMPLEX OF DIFFERENT VARIETIES OF WINTER BREAD WHEAT
Authors:   Agricultural research center «Donskoy», Nekrasov E.I. , Marchenko D.M. ,   Agricultural research center «Donskoy», Ivanisov M.M. ,   Agricultural research center «Donskoy», Romanyukina I.V. ,   Agricultural research center «Donskoy», Kirin A.V. ,   Agricultural research center «Donskoy», Kravchenko N.S. ,   Agricultural Research Center «Donskoy»
Published: December 2021

Wheat yield increase and grain quality indicators improvement is one of the primary tasks for the agro-industrial complex. The purpose of the current study was twofold: estimate the productivity and grain quality indicators of winter bread wheat varieties; identify the most valuable ones for further use in breeding programs. The surveys were carried out on the experimental field of SSE “Agricultural Research Center «Donskoy»” in 2018-2020. In the study area, the average annual precipitation was 582.4 mm, the average annual temperature – 9.7 °C. The object of the study – 23 winter bread wheat varieties of semi-intensive type developed in the ARC “Donskoy”. Variety ‘Don 107’ was used as a standard one. Forecrop – maize for grain. Winter wheat was planted at the optimum planting dates; seed placement depth – 4-6 cm. The experiment was replicated six times; The plot area – 10 m2. Varieties ‘Lilit’ (6.8 t/ha), ‘Polina’ (6.8 t/ha), ‘Zolotoy Kolos’ (6.8 t/ha), ‘Lidiya’ (6.9 t/ha), ‘Premyera’ (6.9 t/ha), ‘Volnitsa’ (7.0 t/ha), ‘Volny Don’ (7.0 t/ha), ‘Ayuta’ (7.2 t/ha) exceeded standard variety ‘Don 107’ by 0.4–0.8 t/ha. All varieties studied in the trial corresponded to the standards of the 1st class in terms of hectolitre weight (not less than 750 g/l) and vitreousness (not less than 60.0 %). The largest grain was formed by varieties ‘Zhavoronok’ (43.4 g), ‘Donskoy surpriz’ (43.6 g), ‘Ayuta’ (44.6 g), ‘Volnitsa’ (44.9 g), ‘Premyera’ (48.2 g). The largest values of protein in grain (13.1–13.4 %) were identified in varieties ‘Lidiya’, ‘Stanichnaya’ and ‘Podarok Krymu’. Varieties ‘Asket’ and ‘Podarok Krymu’ produced grain with the largest gluten content (28.6 % and 28.9 %, respectively). The results of two-way analysis of variance have proved the greater influence of the factor “year” on productivity (64.0 %), protein (72.0 %) and gluten (70.0 %) content in grain of winter bread wheat than that of the factor “genotype” and their correlation.
VARIETY-SPECIFIC FEATURES OF BARLEY AT DIFFERENT STAGES OF ONTOGENESIS
Authors:   D. N. Pryanishnikov Research Institute of Agrochemistry, Osipova L.V. , Kurnosova T.L. ,   D. N. Pryanishnikov Research Institute of Agrochemistry, Bykovskaya I.A. ,   D. N. Pryanishnikov Research Institute of Agrochemistry
Published: December 2021

In modern technologies of growing grain crops, high priority is given to the choice of varieties with significant adaptive potential and the development of ways to increase the resistance of plants to the action of various stresses. The purpose of our research was to identify the specific features of different varieties of barley during critical periods of growth. The studies were carried out in 2020–2021. The objects of research were varieties of spring barley created in the Moscow Research Institute of Agriculture. A series of laboratory and vegetative experiments were conducted, in the course of which we studied the indicators of the physiological status and varietal specificity of the resistance of spring barley to oxidative stress induced by an osmotically active sucrose solution during de-etiolation (laboratory experiments) and caused by soil drought at the VI stage of organogenesis (vegetative experiment, varieties ‘Vladimir’ and ‘Raushan’). The biometric indicators of sprouts and indicators of water status were evaluated. In all experiments, the varieties responded to stress by increasing the content of the oxidative stress marker malondialdehyde (MDA). Weak resistance of vegetative organs was noted in 1) roots – variety ‘Raushan’ (3.8 under stress conditions vs. 0.92 μM/g of raw mass under optimal conditions). ‘Moskovsky 2’ (8.1 vs.2.0), ‘Elf’ (4.5 vs. 1.38); 2) sprouts – ‘Raushan’ (4.6 vs.1.54), ‘Elf’ (5.0 vs. 1.37), ‘Nur’ (6.0 vs. 2.4). Varieties ‘Moskovsky 86’ and ‘Vladimir’ were the most resistant to stress since the accumulation of MDA increased to a lesser extent compared to its base content (‘Moskovsky 86’ – sprouts: 5.5 vs. 2.8; roots: 3.0 vs. 2.2 μM/g of raw mass; ‘Vladimir’ – sprouts: 3.4 vs. 2.9; roots: 3.9 vs.3.2 μM/g). Moreover, the content of chlorophylls a, b and carotenoids in varieties ‘Moskovsky 86’ and ‘Vladimir’ decreased respectively by 5.1; 5,9; 6.7 % and 8.0; 17,4; 6.9 % compared to the control options. Thus, variety ‘Vladimir’ is more stress-resistant than the other ones.
Fertility of irrigated lands in the south forest-steppe of the Omsk region
Authors:   Omsk Agrarian Scientific Center, Boiko V.S. , Timokhin A.Yu. ,   Omsk Agrarian Scientific Center, Mikhailov V.V. ,   Omsk Agrarian Scientific Center
Published: December 2021

Unsustainable irrigation of chernozems can lead to secondary salinization and other negative consequences. The purpose of the research was to assess the fertility and hydrochemical composition of meadow-chernozem soil of the forest-steppe of Western Siberia under conditions of prolonged irrigation. The surveys were carried out in the fields of the agricultural production cooperative (APC) “Pushkinsky” and Federal State Unitary Enterprise (FSUE) “Omskoye”; cultivation technology – adaptive system of irrigated agriculture. The studies were conducted in 2015–2020 on the Pushkin irrigation system. The object of the research – irrigated meadow-chernozem heavy loamy soil. The methods of route field research and laboratory analyzes were used. The results obtained were compared with the baseline values (1978). With long-term irrigation and intensive agricultural use, the fertility indicators of meadow-chernozem soil did not significantly deteriorate. The arable horizons have a neutral and close to neutral reaction (pH 5.8–6.2), average humus content (5.9–7.2%). The supply of nitrate nitrogen, as a rule, remained at a low and medium level (6.0–14.7 mg/kg) due to the high removal by vegetative crops and the absence of fallow fields in the structure of irrigated arable land. Long-term systematic application of phosphorus-containing fertilizers and creation of a positive P balance led to the improvement of soil phosphate status (99–177 mg/kg). The content of exchangeable potassium remains high (144–353 mg/kg) and is stable over time, which is a feature of chernozems with a heavy particle size distribution. The content of mobile forms of lead, zinc and cadmium does not exceed approximate permissible concentrations in the soil. When analyzing the cation-anionic composition of the water extract of the soil profile of FSUE “Omskoe”, a weak salinity of the chloride type was revealed in the 0.6-1.4 m layer; of the sulfate-chloride type – in the 1.4-1.8 m layer. In the future, it may lead to secondary salinization and serve as a limiting factor for high yields. The absorbing complex of meadow-chernozem soil in the southern forest-steppe is highly saturated with bases. Sodium concentration is minimal; calcium and magnesium cations prevail. The groundwater samples are moderately fresh and of good quality. Among the anions, HCО3- prevails, among the cations – Mg2+ and Ca2+, which indicates the need to control the groundwater level to maintain a favorable ecological state of meadow-chernozem soil.
EFFECT OF TIMING AND DOSAGE OF “KAS 28” APPLICATION ON OAT PLANTS DEVELOPMENT
Authors:   Federal Agricultural Research Center of the North-East named after N. V. Rudnitsky, Batalova G.A. , Lisitsyn E.M. ,   Federal Agricultural Research Center of the North-East named after N. V. Rudnitsky, Vologzhanina E.N. ,   Federal Agricultural Research Center of the North-East named after N. V. Rudnitsky, Zhuravleva G.P. ,   Federal Agricultural Research Center of the North-East named after N. V. Rudnitsky
Published: December 2021

To determine the optimal options for using fertilizer “KAS 28” when growing hulled (covered) oat cv. ‘Kirovsky 2’, the following options were investigated: 1 – control (no fertilizer); 2 – “KAS 28” in the recommended dose (35 l/ha) at the tillering stage; 3 – crops treatment with “KAS 28” – 60 % of the recommended dose (21 l/ha) at the tillering stage; 4 – “KAS 28” in the recommended dose at the beginning of stem elongation stage; 5 – crops treatment with “KAS 28” – 60% of the recommended dose at the beginning of stem elongation stage. The studies were carried out in 2019-2020. Over the year of research, the average yield varied from 5.52 t/ha in option 3 (at control level) to 6.59 t/ha in option 5 (16.0 % over control). Variants 2 and 4 exceeded control by 0.49 and 0.50 t/ha (8.8 %), respectively. Treatment with a reduced dose of fertilizer in the tillering stage reduced yield by 0.65 t/ha (10.6 %), at the beginning of stem elongation stage, on the contrary, increased it by 0.41 t/ha (6.6 %). “KAS 28” application led to an increase in the panicle length by 3.5–5.3 % compared to control (16.9 cm), the number of grains per panicle by 5.3-12.0 % (48 pcs in the control variant), the grain weight per panicle by 5.6-23.4 % (control – 1.78 g). Generally, the application of a reduced dose of fertilizer was less efficient. However, fertilizer dose decrease led to a statistically significant increase in 1000-grain weight indicator (by 0.55–1.61 g or 1.4–4.1 %). To increase the yield of oat cv. ‘Kirovsky 2’ and reduce the anthropogenic load on the agroecosystem, we offer to carry out topdressing at the stem elongation stage with the fertilizer “KAS 28” at a dose of 21 l/ha.
Degradation of All-Solid-State Lithium-Sulfur Batteries with PEO-Based Composite Electrolyte
Authors: Lee Jongkwan , Heo Kookjin , Song Young-Woong , Hwang Dahee , Kim Min-Young , Jeong Hyejeong , Shin Dong-Chan , Lim Jinsub
Published: December 2021

Lithium-sulfur batteries (LSBs) have emerged as a promising alternative to lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) owing to their high energy density and economic viability. In addition, all-solid-state LSBs, which use solid-state electrolytes, have been proposed to overcome the polysulfide shuttle effect while improving safety. However, the high interfacial resistance and poor ionic conductivity exhibited by the electrode and solid-state electrolytes, respectively, are significant challenges in the development of these LSBs. Herein, we apply a poly (ethylene oxide) (PEO)-based composite solid-state electrolyte with oxide Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZO) solid-state electrolyte in an all-solid-state LSB to overcome these challenges. We use an electrochemical method to evaluate the degradation of the all-solid-state LSB in accordance with the carbon content and loading weight within the cathode. The all-solid-state LSB, with sulfur-carbon content in a ratio of 3:3, exhibited a high initial discharge capacity (1386 mAh g−1), poor C-rate performance, and capacity retention of less than 50%. The all-solid-state LSB with a high loading weight exhibited a poor overall electrochemical performance. The factors influencing the electrochemical performance degradation were revealed through systematic analysis.
Canada’s Right-Wing Extremists: Mapping their Ties, Location, and Ideas
Authors: Momani Bessma , Deschamps Ryan
Published: December 2021

Canada has often been seen as a progressive country that is welcoming to immigrants, promotes multiculturalism, and generally as a kind and tolerant society. This study used a two-month close examination of Canada’s RWE online presence surrounding the 2019 federal election. Using social network analysis, this study fills a needed empirical gap in current understanding of this network that are known to produce and sustain domestic terrorism and extremist hate crimes in Canada. Then using both discourse and correspondence analysis, we find that Canada’s Right-Wing Extremists (RWEs) galvanize around the following key ideas: leftist-propensities towards violence, projecting especially views against the Antifa, anti-immigration, media corruption and dishonesty, anti-elite and anti-establishment values, anti-liberalism, populism, anti-LGBT, anti-environmentalism, biological determinism, white victimization, and anti-consumerism. By determining Canadian RWE’s ties, location and ideas our findings reveal that many RWE leaders are seen as authoritative for their views in the network and create content and community, potentially inciting active participation. As social contagion theory reminds us, these authorities in the RWE network may inspire others into concrete violent action and are of great concern to public safety.
Sciences humaines de la santé et santé publique. Aperçu critique de recherches récentes
Authors: Branciard Anne , Mossé Philippe
Published: December 2021

Les sciences humaines de la santé sont aujourd'hui soumises à des forces centrifuges qui les éloignent de leurs bases disciplinaires. Cette évolution, dont l'article évoque les causes et les caractéristiques, se traduit par une domination de la perspective rationalisatrice et par une dérive vers l'épidémiologie.

Une analyse critique des recherches sur l'hôpital montre que, dans ce domaine s'opère une bipolarisation : recherches à visée gestionnaire / recherches sur des populations cibles. La santé publique exerce ainsi une attraction qui tend à réduire le domaine de validité des sciences humaines de la santé. Peu à peu, ces sciences ne sont plus mobilisées que dans la limite de leur faculté à répondre à la demande d'évaluation.
Mode des concepts, mode sans concepts. Vers une rationalisation par l'idéologique
Authors: Chaskiel Patrick
Published: December 2021

Loin d'être une simple série de représentations éphémères, la mode des concepts appliqués à l'entreprise participe de la construction d'un nouvel ordre social structurel. Combinant reproduction de formes idéologiques traditionnelles et discours innovateurs, les modes intellectuelles récentes constituent un facteur de rationalisation par l'idéologique, qui s'ajoute aux modalités antérieures de rationalisation par l'organisation technico-économique du travail.
Les zéros du management
Authors: Bautier Roger , Nicolas Yves
Published: December 2021

The failures of management.

The eighties have been marked by a great increase in the number of publications about management. This literature is studied here from three points of view : the pseudo-newness of the theories ; the rhetoric used in an attempt to assure their success ; the relations they have tended to create between the social scientists and the advocates of management.
La pensée managériale française. Première partie : les précurseurs (1675-1914)
Authors: Marco Luc
Published: December 2021

D'où vient la pensée sur le management ? Cette création du capitalisme industriel s'est développée des deux côtés de la Manche, mais l'apport français a été sous-estimé par la littérature historiographique récente. Cette chronique remet les contributions respectives dans leur réel équilibre. La pensée managériale est apparue par synthèses successives de deux sources (économie et industrie), en trois étapes : I -Les précurseurs ; II -Les fondateurs ; III -Les continuateurs.
Les télescopages Art/Science. Réflexions sur le réseau toulousain
Authors: Laurens Jean-Paul
Published: December 2021

Toulouse is the recognized site of an impact (or telescopage) between technological innovation and artistic creation. The field of action of this intermingling — illustrated by the existence of the two-yearly exhibition F.A.U.S.T. — intergrates with equal success music ; dance and choreography ; the plastic and visual arts ; literature ; the theatre arts and museology. The efficacy of this Art/Science interface, built on a model of interpersonal relations rather than that of the structured organigramme, is however limited by the relatively weak commitment of the actors in the networks thus set up.
Les interrogations de l'ergonome sur le management
Authors: Christol Jacques , Mazeau Michel
Published: December 2021

Tired of its interventions in the firm, ergonomy is often called in about management questions. It can refuse to reply, considering these questions as outside the limits of its competence. It can also make some observations, justifiable as stemming from the twin bases of its foundations : the human sciences and the rigorous methodology of work analysis.
Le profil du "qualiticien" : technicien ou animateur ?
Authors: Domenc Michel , Pierre Jacques
Published: December 2021

Les politiques qualité mises en œuvre dans les entreprises nécessitent le recrutement de personnels pour assurer des fonctions nouvelles et très diversifiées. Après une première enquête auprès de directeurs «qualité » et GRH, les auteurs se sont efforcés de cerner l'interface Qualité-Ressources Humaines auprès d'une population d'une trentaine de qualiticiens ayant suivi une formation identique à l'Université. Les questionnaires ont été soumis à un traitement statistique classique mais aussi, pour quelques questions ouvertes, à une analyse semi-automatique du contenu (logiciel Alceste). Il ressort de cette enquête que le qualiticien est à la fois un technicien (ingénieur ?) s 'insérant avec ses outils spécifiques dans le processus industriel mais aussi un «négociateur » devant gérer les incidences humaines et organisationnelles du «changement qualité ». D'autre part, les résultats confirment les hypothèses que les démarches qualité présentent des articulations multiples avec le management des ressources humaines mais pourtant les deux fonctions (qualité et GRH) se rencontrent peu, sauf à travers la formation.
Frontières, système monde , télédétection recherches et enjeux
Authors: Duthel Dominique , Puel Gilles
Published: December 2021

Les images satellitales changent l'image des territoires et offrent des informations qui, organisées en connaissance, renforcent le pouvoir de l'oligopole sur le «territoire monde ». Ignorant la ligne-frontière, elles invitent à un retour épistémologique sur cette notion. La télédétection est un instrument lié dialectiquement aux conceptions contemporaines de la frontière comme rupture/interface dans le «système monde ». Elle s'intègre dans les systèmes d'information géographique, enjeu capital, politique et économique dans les années qui viennent.
Une méthodologie pour l'information stratégique industrielle
Authors: Dutheuil Christian
Published: December 2021

Data processing from crude to strategic information, links many methods and techniques for acquisition, management, sorting and selection of data and then the analysing and the graphic communication of results for decision making. It defines a global system for management of strategic information (MSI). The objective of the MSI is to manage technical assets, human interventions and controls on quality and performance. This paper presents the fonctionnai tools available for the building of an in¬ dustrial methodology.
Au nom de l'urbain
Authors: Sauvage André
Published: December 2021

Le texte constitue une présentation anthropologique de l'urbain, saisi comme un feuilletage triple et désigné comme ville, cité, commune. Ici, on s'arrête sur la dimension matérielle ; la ville se présente à la fois comme une écriture, une architecture et une torture. L'analyse historique et comparative permet d'apporter quelques éléments d'illustration.
De la Géographie urbaine à l'Urbanisme et à l'Aménagement
Authors: Jalabert Guy
Published: December 2021

Compared to environmental and regional studies, urban geography was for a long time a rather neglected discipline, but nowadays it has taken on a more important role. The positions that geographers have held in urban planning and regional development attest that research in this urban field is expanding. Since the analysis of urban/rural relationships or networks, the main thematic focus has been on city centres, suburbanization, transportation, housing, population and urban society, and economy/urbanization. Studies have been conducted in third-world as well as in industrialised countries. But in a world where interrelationships between general and local levels are narrowing, concepts and methods of analysis need to be renewed.
La ville comme métaphore. Les marques identitaires de l'image
Authors: Jeudy Henri-Pierre
Published: December 2021

La gestion, la mise en valeur et l'instrumentalisation des patrimoines urbains risquent de transformer le témoignage en artifice et de faire des monuments ainsi que du centre-ville un réseau de simulacres. La ville est un lieu de confrontation des cultures. La puissance de l'altérité entre en contradiction avec la défense des patrimoines quand cette dernière s'acharne à consacrer une identité culturelle trop rigide.
Crises de la ville et limites de la connaissance théorique . Pour une conceptualisation de la mise en œuvre
Authors: Ghorra-Gobin Cynthia
Published: December 2021

La crise de la ville qui a commencé à se manifester dès les années 1960 continue de faire l'objet de nombreux travaux de recherches entrepris par différentes disciplines. On peut cependant faire le constat du nombre restreint d'études portant sur la manière dont les sciences sociales imprègnent l'action initiée par les pouvoirs publics. L'objectif de ce texte s'inscrit dans cette vaste problématique tout en se limitant à la mise en œuvre de tout programme urbain. Il démontre la dichotomie dans le temps entre la conception et la mise en œuvre, ce qui appauvrit l'action. Il se veut un plaidoyer pour une réflexion théorique de la mise en œuvre en vue d'élaborer une méthodologie qui intégrerait la conception à l'action.
Stratégie politique, action culturelle et intégration socio-spatiale
Authors: Palard Jacques
Published: December 2021

The implementation of a new urban policy leads to a deep transformation of the concept of cultural policy. Recently, a local system of cultural action was laid down by a process of professionalization and institutionalization. This process was governed by joint action of State, local authorities and cultural actors. Today, it has to submit to new interventions founded less on a democratic and «legitimist » orientation than based on an anthropological and «relativist » approach which aims at social and territorial integration of urban marginal spaces.
Le royérisme ou la recherche de la cité radieuse
Authors: Lussault Michel
Published: December 2021

Jean Royer, maire de Tours, est un bel exemple d'élu local charismatique qui parvient à incarner, à lui seul, sa ville. La durée et la solidité du pouvoir royériste paraissent naître de l'efficacité du système de pensée politique et urbaine du maire, pérenne et à l'étonnante cohérence, et de son utilisation comme instrument d'institution d'une pratique urbanistique intense et ambitieuse, souhaitant régénérer la ville pour retrouver la cité. Au cœur de cette politique, se situe l'idéal intégrateur qui fonde tous les projets urbains, puisqu'il est le truchement permettant d'atteindre l'harmonie citadine sans cesse recherchée. C'est à l'analyse de ce caractère de l'idéologie spatiale royériste que s'attache cet article.
Marseille, ville-monde
Authors: Thomas Carole
Published: December 2021

Marseilles is France's oldest city. The analysis of this city-world is an interesting approach to communication problems. As a matter of fact, thanks to the rearrangement of its centre and the development of technopoles, the city is attempting to overcome its negative image, and to develop «public spaces ». This aims at revaluing social ties. But the new emerging identity is complicated. The endpoint problem of contemporary urbanization remains the current inability to think about and realise the city in its globality. When everything becomes the city, the city itself is invisible. Nevertheless with its neighbourhoods which act so as to reveal acculturation, Marseilles presents areas of extreme urbanization which have not get been stripped of their public spaces. Therefore Marseilles must remind its citizens that they all live in the same canton of the world, while also recounting the city's history (linking the past to the future as well as to an active present) and while encouraging them to participate in communal projects.
Les villes et la crise. Situation financière dans dix pays
Authors: Nevers Jean-Yves
Published: December 2021

Le milieu des années 1970 a marqué un tournant dans l'évolution des politiques locales. La crise économique a provoqué une raréfaction des ressources et un accroissement des dépenses sociales, elle a obligé les municipalités à s'adapter et à innover. Une étude comparative de dix pays développés montre que le principal facteur expliquant la diversité des situations financières des gouvernements locaux urbains est la politique des gouvernements centraux notamment en matière de subventions aux collectivités locales.
Démocratie locale et pluralisme socioculturel
Authors: Koubi Geneviève
Published: December 2021

L'approfondissement de la démocratie locale ouvre le concept de «citoyenneté locale » dans le champ de la diversité culturelle et sociale. En France, la logique décentralisatrice est enserrée dans celle de l' État-Nation. La participation des habitants à la vie des communes par le jeu du référendum local souffre de l'absence de dissociation entre citoyenneté locale et citoyenneté politique. L'émergence d'une «citoyenneté associative » par le canal des comités consultatifs (représentant groupes et associations) auprès des autorités locales n'assure pas la promotion des identités culturelles minoritaires dans l'État. La décentralisation devrait-elle être complétée par la connaissance du pluralisme socioculturel pour que le concept de démocratie locale acquière sa plénitude ?
L'évaluation objet de savoir et enjeu de pouvoir. Le cas des politiques publiques locales
Authors: Faure Alain , Smith Andrew
Published: December 2021

The evaluation of local policies is an activity at a cross-roads where operational and scientific domains meet. In conciliating these two approaches, French politico-administrative elites and researchers from the social sciences today find themselves confronted with four trends which structure this article : relative decline in the importance of corporatist references in the French central administration, a context of local politics where the greater accent is on contractualisation, where evaluation as a discipline is in the process of evolving from a relatively formalized model of action (aid for decision-makers) towards a more participative yet fragile model (the role of intermediary or «companion »), a university milieu in search of new ways of involving itself in society. This text is an attempt to go beyond a straightforward inventory by outlining several ideas as to how one might better use evaluation as a means of bringing together actors, experts and decision-makers involved in the dynamics of local politics.
Questions pour un débat
Authors: Boure Robert , Chaskiel Patrick
Published: December 2021

Esta introducción al debate plantea una serie de preguntas -contenido y manera de procederacerca de algunos de los aspectos esenciales tratados por los ponentes. Mas precisamente, se definen en ella las dificultades que nacen de la pluralidad de definiciones -o de su ausencia -del término de «información ». Se perfilan, además, los obstáculos creados por una aproximación excesivamente monodisciplinar, en contraste con la polisemia de los términos de «información » y de «organización », que deberia conducir a una conception précisa y a la par amplia de dichas nociones.
L'information forme l'organisation qui la forme
Authors: Le Moigne Jean-Louis
Published: December 2021

En las antiguas manufacturas la calidad de la gestion se encontraba al mismo nivela que en las empresas actuates dotadas de sistemas de información (SI) modernos. Se estudia la relación información-organización fuera de todo apriorismo tecnologico e instrumental. De ahi que la definición dada del SI (finalización, simbolización, memorización y computación-co-municación) abra un camino para nuevas investigaciones (inteligencia artificial, procesos de memorización...).
D'une gestion substantive de l'information à une organisation procédurale de l'attention
Authors: Amabile Serge
Published: December 2021

Les moyens de perception et de traitement de l'information de l'organisation deviennent une ressource et un capital à mobiliser, à exploiter : son adaptation dépend de sa capacité à être attentive et à construire un sens aux sollicitations qu'elle perçoit. Pour ce projet, l'entreprise ne peut faire l'économie de la considération, de la mobilisation et de l'organisation des capacités de traitement de l'information de l'ensemble de ses acteurs. L'attention de l'organisation s'exprime par l'activité de son radar, mais un radar multicoupoles articulant de multiples dimensions : perception et organisation de signaux faibles (sélection et traitement), contextualisation de l'information, construction de passerelles sémantiques, procédures de reconnaissance.

Les expertises, en général monodimensionnelles, des acteurs et leur capacité à internaliser les projets qu'ils mettent en œuvre dans leurs actes de gestion peuvent-elles s'articuler dans l'explicitation des projets de l'organisation ? La recherche permanente et tâtonnante de réponses constitue sans doute le processus même de l'attention organisationnelle. En termes d'organisation, on est conduit à reconsidérer le paradigme de l'organisation sédentaire contrôlante au profit d'un paradigme de l'organisation nomade vigilante.
Les NTIC dans les politiques régionales d'aménagement
Authors: Bardou Sylvie , Bouquillion Philippe , Pailliart Isabelle
Published: December 2021

L'objectif de cet article est de cerner l'émergence du pouvoir régional dans le domaine de l'application des nouvelles technologies de l'information et de la communication à l'aménagement du territoire. S' appuyant sur une comparaison entre quatre régions d'Europe qui ont établi des accords de partenariat, l'analyse tend à dégager les facteurs politiques, économiques et culturels qui contribuent à la formation d'une politique régionale. Elle met aussi en évidence les principales caractéristiques des modalités d'intervention du pouvoir régional, son difficile positionnement, ses relations avec les autres acteurs régionaux, conduisant dans quelques cas à une forme d'instrumentalisation du gouvernement régional.
La région entre pratiques institutionnelles et productions idéologiques
Authors: Bartement Daniel , Bernié-Boissard Catherine
Published: December 2021

L'affirmation d'une Europe des régions ouvre une série de questions que l'on tente de cerner à partir de l'exemple du Languedoc-Roussillon. On remarque qu'ici il y a institutionnalisation de la région, des années 1960 jusqu'aux années 1990, selon une périodisation en trois temps, où se succèdent trois figures discursives : la région-revendication, ensuite au cours des années 1970 la région intégrée, et désormais une identité excentrée dans l'Europe.
Politique régionale et régionalisme au Royaume-Uni
Authors: Edye David , Lintner Valerio
Published: December 2021

El debate actual, en el Reino Unido, sobre regiones, polftica regional, regionalismo y nacionalismo periférico. El anâlisis se lleva a cabo desde la perspectiva histôrica, a partir de la formaciôn histôrica del Estado britânico. El neoliberalismo del gobierno actual, que esta en el poder desde 1979, se considéra bajo los efectos producidos por las estructuras polîticas y econômicas : se redujo la democracia local y se sacrificô la planificaciôn econômica en bene-ficio de las necesidades del mercado.
Communication, territoire et identité : un ancien regard sur de nouvelles technologies ?
Authors: Laramée Alain
Published: December 2021

Communication, territory and identity : looking at new technologies in the old way ?

In Canada, the research on new information and communication technologies is characterized by the prevalence of instrumental and functional approaches rather than socio-critical ones. In fact, the socio-spatial problems have been highly neglected. Fruitful interdisciplinary research is however feasible, based on the key concepts of Identity, Communication and Territory. This type of research should bring to light the excessive significance of the universalist notions built around these new technologies, favorable to the great economic actors but detrimental to individuals and groups who wish to defend the specificities of their socio-spatial identities.
Le communicateur personnel universel : entre utopie et territoire
Authors: Mœglin Pierre , Brulois Vincent , Carré Dominique
Published: December 2021

Prenant argument de la fonction d'entraînement que les systèmes mobiles exercent sur les télécommunications en général, leurs promoteurs placent le communicateur personnel universel à la pointe d'une évolution technologique appelée, avec l'idéal du réseau-monde, à déboucher sur un processus de déterritorialisation/reterritorialisation. Associée à la mobilité, l'universalité de ce communicateur est cependant problématique. Du terminal à l'usager en passant par le réseau, le service et la norme, elle désigne en effet plus une exigence industrielle qu'un fait observable, davantage une injonction organisationnelle que la marque d'une transformation des logiques sociales. L'on propose donc de voir dans cet exemple de polysémie l'origine de certains obstacles que rencontre la pratique interdisciplinaire.
Un conflit de représentations. Le cas de la frontière Oder-Neisse
Authors: Bafoil François
Published: December 2021

A conflict of representations. The case of the Oder-Neisse border

The Oder-Neisse border plays a prominent part in the restructuring process of Germany, Poland and the Czech Republic. The participants in this process work with cognitive frameworks and expectations coloured by violent historical experiments, fears and mutual hatreds. The purpose of this article is to render an account of these political border exchanges with regard to these cognitive frameworks relating to the border, and to describe the positions taken by the administrative actors. These cognitive frameworks explain the strategies of the different local and central actors and define the conflictual stakes in their border attitudes.
Régions frontalières, télévision et communication électronique
Authors: Boure Robert
Published: December 2021

Border regions, television and electronic communication

Having recalled the reader's attention to several significant elements in the scientific literature which deals with the frontier (and the boundary) and the rapport between the frontier and the regional territory, this article evaluates the quality of French frontier practices principally in the realms of electronic communication, television and the new technologies of information and communication. It concludes that there is a quasi absence of any real public policy, of any vigorous contractual actions and of any models, and thus that no "social uses" have ever been set up. However, it shows the existence of formulas for co-operation, allying the formal and the informal, capable of leading, finally and in another context, to the form of more ambitious structural apparatuses.
Pour une histoire économique des sciences et techniques (1) Origines et conséquences de la première Révolution industrielle
Authors: Szmrecsányi Tamás
Published: December 2021

Para una historia económica de las ciencias y de las técnicas. (1) Origenes y consecuencias de la primera Revolución industrial

Este primer estudio trata de mostrar la importancia de la primera Revolución industrial para el nacimiento de las ciencias y de la tecnologia. El enfoque es abiertamente externalista y privilégia la historia económica. En la intensidad y la continuidad del progreso técnico y del desarrollo económico de la primera Revolución industrial se origina el gran auge, a principios del siglo XIX, del progreso cientifico y del desarrollo tecnológico. A partir de esta época, y aunque no inicialmente relacionado en las ciencias y su progreso, el desarrollo tecnológico se puede considerar como "auto-sostenido" (self-sustained ).
Le pouvoir et le marché
Authors: Dupuy Yves , Maris Bernard
Published: December 2021

Cet article montre comment la nouvelle microéconomie et l'économie de l'incertain ne saisissent, à travers les notions de contrats et marchés incomplets, d'autorité et de hiérarchie, qu'une petite partie des phénomènes de pouvoir. On leur oppose les notions de conflit, de violence, et d'inégalité exprimées, notamment, par François Perroux. On démontre enfin que le pouvoir apparaît avec de l'incertain radical, auquel on associe des phénomènes d'asymétrie, les notions de loi et de collectif irréductible.