bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Attitudes toward mental disorder among medical students
Authors: Vaupotič Klara , Uplaznik Špela , Gregorič Kumperščak Hojka , Plemenitaš Ilješ Anja
Published: June 2022

Background: People with mental disorders are among the most stigmatized and vulnerable members of society. Our research study intended to determine the medical students’ attitude toward mental disorders, the presence of stigma, and whether either changed throughout their six-year medical education.

Methods: The sample included 200 medical students of the University of Maribor. Empirical data were collected using the CAMI scale (Community Attitudes Towards the Mentally Ill), the Comparison of Attitudes of Patients and Students in Slovenia questionnaire, and additional questions regarding specific mental disorders. The results were processed using the SPSS 25 program. Descriptive statistics methods were applied, including the ANOVA test. Statistically, significant correlations and differences were checked at a 5% risk level.

Results: The students strongly agreed with the positive statements and disagreed with the negative statements on the CAMI scale (MV=3.93; SD=0.34; p=0.046). No significant discrepancies between individual undergraduate years were observed; the sixth-year students expressed the most positive attitude among all students. The mean value of all statements was 3.9 (Y1-Y6 SD=0.5), indicating a low presence of stigma.

Conclusion: The students expressed a positive attitude toward mental disorders. In sixth-year students, the least stigma, and better knowledge and attitude towards mental disorders were observed. Education, clerkship, and hearing personal confessions about experiencing a mental disorder are needed as they improve attitudes toward them.
La anticipación en la búsqueda de una innovación responsable: gradientes de radicalidad ético-política
Authors: Urueña Sergio
Published: June 2022

La anticipación ha emergido en las dos últimas décadas como una herramienta fundamental para una diversidad de marcos normativos que pretenden promover una gobernanza de la ciencia, la tecnología y la innovación más socio-políticamente responsable. Sin embargo, la teorización y la reflexión sobre el significado y alcance de la anticipación ha tenido una cobertura mucho menor que su invocación. El presente artículo tiene como principal objetivo avanzar en el tratamiento teórico-conceptual de la anticipación. Por un lado, se fundamenta la existencia de una correlación entre las formas de pensar/utilizar el futuro y los ámbitos de la ciencia, la tecnología y la innovación que son considerados objeto de problematización ético-política. Por otro lado, el artículo evalúa cada una de estas formas de articular anticipatoriamente la responsabilidad en virtud de su respectiva radicalidad ético-política.
Qualitative Assessment of Cerebral Perfusion in Post Stroke Seizure Patients using Arterial Spin Labeling: A Case-control Study
Authors: Susan Anjali B , George Uttam B , Pandian Jeyaraj D
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Arterial Spin Labeling-Perfusion Weighted Imaging (ASL-PWI) assesses cerebral blood flow using magnetically labeled inflowing arterial blood water protons as freely diffusible tracer without exogenous contrast agent. Seizures are one of the sequelae of stroke with its mechanism not well studied. Aim: Qualitative assessment of cerebral perfusion in post stroke seizure patients using ASL-PWI and comparison of perfusion patterns in post stroke seizure patients and stroke patients. Materials and Methods: This was a case-control study among 100 stroke patients who underwent Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of brain in Department of Radiodiagnosis, from Outpatient and Inpatient Department of Neurology, Christian Medical College, Ludhiana, Punjab, India, from 1st January 2018 till 1st January 2020. Total 50 post stroke seizure patients included as cases and 50 age matched post stroke patients without seizure included as controls. Perfusion pattern was compared qualitatively using ASL-PWI. Qualitative variables were associated using Chi-square test/Fisher’s-exact test. Results: The mean age of the study subjects were 56.38±16.98 years (age range from 19-87 years) and that of controls were 59.66±11.86 years (age range from 19-89 years) (p-value=0.265). Cerebral hypoperfusion was noted in 39 (78%) of total 50 post stroke seizure patients irrespective of type of stroke. Cortical and subcortical area of frontal and parietal lobes was predominantly involved in post stroke seizure patients. Out of 39, 23 (71.88%) early onset seizure and 16 (88.89%) late onset seizure patients had hypoperfusion. There was no significant association of perfusion abnormality with onset of seizure (p-value=0.241). Hypoperfusion was noted in cases and controls without any statistical difference. Conclusion: Cortical and subcortical area of involvement was noted in post stroke seizure patients. Post stroke seizure patients showed hypoperfusion irrespective of stroke type and onset of seizure. There was no difference seen in perfusion abnormality between post stroke seizure patients and stroke patients without seizure.
Assessment of Ease of Insertion of Laryngeal Mask Airway comparing Different Doses of Suxamethonium with EtomidateA Randomised Clinical Study
Authors: Rajmohan Tumulu Rao , Swaroop Shakti , Damarla Raja , Pranay Tumulu Kumar , Tanisha Garg , Amermohiuddin Mohammed
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Laryngeal mask airway (LMA) is used more often in today’s anaesthesia practice. Smooth and successful insertion needs proper mouth opening and minimal or no airway reflexes such as gagging, coughing, or laryngospasm. Induction agents like propofol and etomidate are known to blunt the laryngeal reflexes but often patient movement, coughing, and gagging create an unpleasant situation. Aim: To assess the effects of Suxamethonium 0.25 mg/kg, and 0.5 mg/kg, and placebo (normal saline) on the facilitation of laryngeal mask airway insertion along with Etomidate as an induction agent in order to achieve hemodynamic stability and fewer complications. Materials and Methods: A total of 90 adult patients, American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA) class I-II, scheduled for minor surgery under general anaesthesia were included in double-blind randomised controlled study, conducted from December 2021 to February 2022. The total participants were randomly allocated into three groups (Normal Saline (NS), S1 and S2). The group NS (placebo) received normal saline, and Group S1 and S2 received injections of Suxamethonium 0.25 mg/kg, or 0.5 mg/kg, respectively. Induction of anaesthesia was performed with a bolus dose of etomidate 0.3 mg/kg. Study drugs were administered when the patient had lost consciousness. Laryngeal mask airway size 3 or 4 (as appropriate) was inserted. Relaxation of the jaw, coughing, gagging, laryngospasm, and any patient movements was observed during the insertion of LMA. The overall insertion conditions were graded according to modified scheme of Lund and Stovner. The statistical analysis was carried out by using chi-square test, Fisher's exact test and Bonferroni’s t-test. Results: A total of 89 patients were analysed (Group NS: n=29, group S1: n=30, Group S2: n=30). Good jaw relaxation (absolutely relaxed with no muscle tone) was noted in 16 patients of Group S2, 12 in Group S1, and 2 in Group NS (p<0.001). There was significant difference in coughing and gagging among the three groups (p=0.041). However, in the group NS, eight patients had mild movement and six had moderate movement during the insertion of LMA (p=0.002). Overall insertion conditions were better in suxamethonium groups (p=0.0001). Conclusion: Etomidate as the sole induction agent for LMA insertion is not ideal. Concurrent use of a low dose of suxamethonium (0.5 mg/kg) might significantly obtund the airway reflexes in response to LMA insertion.
Comparative Assessment of Disk Diffusion, E-test and Broth Dilution Methods for Determining Colistin Susceptibility in Acinetobacter Species
Authors: Jeram Hishmi , Mahajan Rakesh Kumar , Chauhan Ankit Kumar
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Colistin is the ultimate reserve drug for gram- negative bacilli especially non fermenting bacilli like Acinetobacter species and only therapeutic option available against carbapenem resistant bacteria. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) recommended broth dilution method for colistin susceptibility testing but this method require expertise and very time consuming and is also not feasible to routinely perform in clinical laboratories. In the background of ever expanding problems of drug resistance coupled with increasing use of colistin, it becomes essential to find a testing method which is faster, accurate and can be used as an alternative to broth dilution method. Aim: To assess disk diffusion, E-test and broth dilution method to determine colistin susceptibility in Acinetobacter species. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was done in the Department of Microbiology, ABVIMS and Dr RML Hospital, New Delhi, India, from November 2016 to March 2018. Various clinical specimens were received from wards and Intensive Care Unit (ICU) and Acinetobacter species were isolated and identified following standard protocol. All strains were screened by disc diffusion test for various antibacterial drugs and among them 50 MDR strains were selected. Colistin susceptibility by disc diffusion and Epsilometer test (E-test) were done and compared against the reference broth dilution method following. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of colistin for the isolates were determined using macro broth dilution method using colistin sulphate. Chi-square test was used to investigate distributions of categorical variables. Results: All 50 strains were tested for colistin susceptibility by disc diffusion method. Among the 50 isolates, 10 isolates (20%) showed resistance to colistin by disc diffusion method while none of the isolate was found resistant by E-test or broth dilution method. High error rate and poor concordance of disc diffusion with reference to broth dilution method rules out the utility of disk diffusion method in clinical laboratories. Conclusion: A complete agreement between the results of E-test and broth dilution method makes E-test a suitable alternative to broth dilution test in clinical laboratories.
Role of Sepsis-3 Criteria and C-Reactive Protein in the Diagnosis of Sepsis in Critically ill Patients
Authors: Harshidha E , Deepika K , Kalaiselvi G , Jayarajan Jayalakshmi
Published: June 2022

Introduction: In the recent days, large proportion of the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) admissions ending in poor outcomes is impacted by pathological conditions like sepsis and septic shock. Hence, early diagnosis and appropriate therapy within the first hours of hospital admission plays a major role. Simple markers like C-Reactive Protein (CRP), Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR), blood counts are still relied upon for suspected sepsis cases. Aim: To study the prevalence of sepsis and to evaluate the utility of the simple ideal markers like CRP, ESR, and blood counts for early diagnosis of sepsis in critically ill patients. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective observational study performed in the ICU of KMCH Institute of Allied Health Sciences, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India, using 112 blood samples collected from patients admitted with clinical suspicion of sepsis. The samples were subjected to CRP estimation using turbidimetric immunoassay and blood culture. The data obtained were analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 21.0. The sensitivity, specificity, negative and positive predictive values were calculated. Results: Among a total of 112, the number of patients who abided the sepsis-3 definitions with positive qSOFA (quick Sepsis related Organ Failure Assessment) score was 50%. The most common co- morbid condition among the sepsis patients were diabetes mellitus (39.2%). The most frequent site of infection was respiratory tract (37.5%). Majority of infections were by gram-negative organisms (82%), the commonly isolated gram negative organisms were Klebsiella pneumoniae (25.9%) and Escherichia coli (25.9%). The sensitivity of CRP was 81% and specificity was 49% while the Positive Predictive Value (PPV) and Negative Predictive Value (NPV) was 60% and 56%, respectively. The prevalence of sepsis in present study was 50%. Conclusion: The study highlights the usefulness of CRP in identifying patients with sepsis in those who present with positive qSOFA score. Also, CRP could be very useful in resource-limited places, where newer biomarkers and guidance of an intensivist or sepsis expert are not available.
Optimization of Profit and Land Resources for Marginal/Small Farmers - A Linear Programming Approach
Authors: Poonia Hemant , Tonk Manju S. , Bhatia Jitender Kumar , Rekha .
Published: June 2022

The study was aimed to optimize the profit and land resources for marginal and small farmers of four different villages of Karnal zone, Haryana, for both seasons, i.e., Kharif and Rabi using a linear programming approach. The crops sown by the farmers in the Kharif season were rice and Jowar, whereas, in the Rabi season, wheat, mustard, and barseem crops were taken. Data regarding total land holding, season-wise land allocated to crops, man-days, operating capital, and net returns of the farmer enterprise was collected through a pre-structured schedule. Linear programming models were developed separately for marginal and small farmers. In the Kharif season, marginal farmers took the same net returns through both farmer's plans and LP model, i.e LP suggested that the farmer's plan was optimum, but net returns can be increased slightly (up to 3.25%) by using remaining resources. In Rabi season, marginal farmers can raise net returns to 2.61%, but they can get more profit up to 8.08% by using left over resources. Net returns of small farmers can be increased to 8.88% and 5.11% in both Kharif and Rabi seasons, respectively, without imposing any restriction on minimum land allocation to particular crops. If maximum/minimum requirement constraint on land allocation to crops is imposed, the cropping pattern suggests that the returns can be raised up to 12.20% and 1.45 % in both Kharif and Rabi seasons, respectively.
Knowledge, Attitude and Practices (KAP) of General Population towards COVID-19 in India
Authors: Gupta Ritu Mittal , Mann Sukhdeep Kaur , Negi Anjali
Published: June 2022

COVID-19 was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) in January 2020. Considering its unprecedented mortality and morbidity, a global lockdown was imposed worldwide which resulted in the halt of all economic and social activity. Most countries including India applied strict prevention and control measures to control the spread of COVID-19, which include general lockdown, obligatory home quarantine, a ban on public gatherings, international flight restrictions, etc. In this regard a KAP analysis was conducted to understand the public knowledge, reactions, adherence to, and acceptance of measures for protection against COVID-19 during first and second wave of COVID-19. Individuals above the age of 15 years were selected as the sample. The data were collected during both waves of the COVID-19 pan India from 500 respondents using a self-administered questionnaire in Google form. The results revealed that the majority of the respondents were knowledgeable regarding the spread, prevention and control of the COVID virus. Most of the respondents had positive attitude regarding control measures imposed by the government which was consistent with their attitude and practices during first wave. A negative change in the attitude of the respondents and practices was seen despite rise in knowledge due to compelling variables like economic crisis, emotional crisis and individual’s reduced functioning.
Effect of Various Presowing Seed Treatments on Growth and Yield Parameters of Yellow Mustard (Sinapis alba.L) Variety (ISP -186)
Authors: Sree Bestha Kavya , Bara Bineeta M. , Pal Abhishek Kumar
Published: June 2022

The present investigation was conducted during Rabi season in the year (2021-2022) at post graduate Central Research Farm, Department of Genetics and plant Breeding , Naini Agriculture Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture Technology And Sciences, PRAYAGRAJ-211007 (U.P) with a goal to evaluate the influence of different seed priming treatments on growth and yield attributes of yellow mustard (Sinapis alba) Variety (ISP-186) and to find out suitable seed priming method for mustard under Randomized Block Design with 13 priming treatments which are replicated thrice. The seed priming materials are rhizobium, vermiwash, neem leaf extract and tulsi leaf extract. The results revealed that treatment T3 rhizobium (10%) recorded maximum Field emergence (97.17), plant height (90.26cm) ,Number of Branches (15.07),Days to 50% flowering (71), Days to Maturity (117days), Number of siliqua\plant (289.33), Number of seeds\siliqua (16.40), seed yield /plant (7.35gm)seed yield \plot(28.7gm) Biological yield (131.54),Harvest index (17.94).significance mean sum of squares due to seed priming treatments were observed for all the characters under study viz., Field emergence percentage, Plant height (30, 60, 90, 120 DAS and at harvest), Number of branches/plant, Days to maturity, Number of silique/plant, Number of seeds/plant, seed yield/plant (gm), Seed yield/plot (gm), Biological yield (gm), Harvest index (%) which were highly significant at 1% level of significance indicating presence of good amount of variability among the treatments for these characters.
Association of Hematological Parameters with Nottingham Histologic Grades of Breast Carcinoma in South Indian Population
Authors: Chander U. Sunderesh Kamal , Vanishree M. , Sulochana Sonti , Rowland Marlina
Published: June 2022

Aim: To determine the most reliable hematological markers for the prognosis of breast cancer. To evaluate the correlation between hematological parameters and histopathological grading.

Study Design: A retrospective study

Place of Study: This study was carried out in Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Tamil Nadu, India.

Methodology: Study was started after obtaining the approval from the ethics committee. Histopathological grades 1, 2 and 3 of breast cancer patients were correlated with their hematological parameters.

Results: Out of 104 cases of breast carcinoma, maximum of cases were seen in histopathological grade 2, followed by grade 3 and grade 1 respectively. On correlation with hematological parameters, Hb concentration, RBC count, PCV , MCV , TLC , DLC(neutrophil, lymphocytes) and Absolute lymphocyte count was decreased as the grade increase. RDW increased with higher the grade. Neutrophil lymphocytes ratio showed statistically increased increase in histopathological grade 3 when compared to grade 1.

Conclusion: Our study showed that the hematological parameters like hemoglobin, RBC count, PCV, WBC count, platelet count, absolute neutrophil count, absolute lymphocyte count, NLR in breast cancer can be a useful guide for disease progression.
Cone-Beam Computed Tomography versus Rendered Panoramic Images in Determination of Dens Invaginatus Characteristics: Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Al-Mutairi Leena Mekhled , Khan Asma Munir
Published: June 2022

Background: "Dens in Dente" is another name for Dens invaginatus. It's an uncommon developmental aberration that comes in a range of shapes and sizes. Invagination begins in the crown and may go to the root. The goal of this study was to use CBCT and panoramic pictures created from CBCT scans to evaluate the existence, kind, and features of DI in full-mouth surveys in Saudi patients presenting to Qassim dental college, and to compare the findings of the imaging modalities.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study was performed by using 302 previously obtained CBCT records of patients from the database of the oral and maxillofacial radiology department of Qassim University, Saudi Arabia from yer 2016 to 2021. The research was ethically approved by the ethical approval committee of Qassim university (Code #: F-2019-3005).

Results: In the present study, the age of the patients ranged from 9 to 80 years (mean age was 44 years). Out of 302 scans, 153 patients were female, and 149 were found to be male. According to the Cohen kappa test, the inter-examiner agreement was high between the 2 assessments of the observers: k = 0.795, P < .000 for CBCT and k = 0.915, P < .000 for panoramic images rendered from CBCT images. On the basis of the CBCT images, DI was observed in 98 of the 302 patients (frequency, 32.5%). Type I DI was the most commonly observed type of invaginatus (93.9%), followed by type II (6.1%). However, type III was not being observed.

Conclusion: We can deduce that there is no special relationship between gender and the presence of dens invagnatus. When it comes to diagnosing and classifying dens invaginatus, CBCT images outperform rendered panoramic images. Because it provides an accurate representation of the external and internal dental anatomy, as well as appropriate visualization of associated characteristics with such cases that would be absolutely necessary in their treatment phases, CBCT can be recommended as an effective diagnostic device for identifying DI.
The SKP2‐p27 axis defines susceptibility to cell death upon CHK1 inhibition
Authors: Lohmüller Michael , Roeck Bernhard F. , Szabo Tamas G. , Schapfl Marina A. , Pegka Fragka , Herzog Sebastian , Villunger Andreas , Schuler Fabian
Published: June 2022

Checkpoint kinase 1 (CHK1; encoded by CHEK1) is an essential gene that monitors DNA replication fidelity and prevents mitotic entry in the presence of under‐replicated DNA or exogenous DNA damage. Cancer cells deficient in p53 tumor suppressor function reportedly develop a strong dependency on CHK1 for proper cell cycle progression and maintenance of genome integrity, sparking interest in developing kinase inhibitors. Pharmacological inhibition of CHK1 triggers B‐Cell CLL/Lymphoma 2 (BCL2)‐regulated cell death in malignant cells largely independently of p53, and has been suggested to kill p53‐deficient cancer cells even more effectively. Next to p53 status, our knowledge about factors predicting cancer cell responsiveness to CHK1 inhibitors is limited. Here, we conducted a genome‐wide CRISPR/Cas9‐based loss‐of‐function screen to identify genes defining sensitivity to chemical CHK1 inhibitors. Next to the proapoptotic BCL2 family member, BCL2 Binding Component 3 (BBC3; also known as PUMA), the F‐box protein S‐phase Kinase‐Associated Protein 2 (SKP2) was validated to tune the cellular response to CHK1 inhibition. SKP2 is best known for degradation of the Cyclin‐dependent Kinase Inhibitor 1B (CDKN1B; also known as p27), thereby promoting G1‐S transition and cell cycle progression in response to mitogens. Loss of SKP2 resulted in the predicted increase in p27 protein levels, coinciding with reduced DNA damage upon CHK1‐inhibitor treatment and reduced cell death in S‐phase. Conversely, overexpression of SKP2, which consequently results in reduced p27 protein levels, enhanced cell death susceptibility to CHK1 inhibition. We propose that assessing SKP2 and p27 expression levels in human malignancies will help to predict the responsiveness to CHK1‐inhibitor treatment.
Targeting cellular senescence to combat cancer and ageing
Authors: Wang Chen , Hao Xue , Zhang Rugang
Published: June 2022

Senescence is a complex cellular process that is implicated in various physiological and pathological processes. It is characterized by a stable state of cell growth arrest and by a secretome of diverse pro‐inflammatory factors, chemokines and growth factors. In this review, we summarize the context‐dependent role of cellular senescence in ageing and in age‐related diseases, such as cancer. We discuss current approaches to targeting senescence to develop therapeutic strategies to combat cancer and to promote healthy ageing, and we outline our vision for future research directions for senescence‐based interventions in these fields.
Cellular senescence and the tumour microenvironment
Authors: Takasugi Masaki , Yoshida Yuya , Ohtani Naoko
Published: June 2022

The senescence‐associated secretory phenotype (SASP), where senescent cells produce a variety of secreted proteins including inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, matrix remodelling factors, growth factors and so on, plays pivotal but varying roles in the tumour microenvironment. The effects of SASP on the surrounding microenvironment depend on the cell type and process of cellular senescence induction, which is often associated with innate immunity. Via SASP‐mediated paracrine effects, senescent cells can remodel the surrounding tissues by modulating the character of adjacent cells, such as stromal, immune cells, as well as cancer cells. The SASP is associated with both tumour‐suppressive and tumour‐promoting effects, as observed in senescence surveillance effects (tumour‐suppressive) and suppression of anti‐tumour immunity in most senescent cancer‐associated fibroblasts and senescent T cells (tumour‐promoting). In this review, we discuss the features and roles of senescent cells in tumour microenvironment with emphasis on their context‐dependency that determines whether they promote or suppress cancer development. Potential usage of recently developed drugs that suppress the SASP (senomorphics) or selectively kill senescence cells (senolytics) in cancer therapy are also discussed.
Development of a fully human anti‐GITR antibody with potent antitumor activity using H2L2 mice
Authors: Tong Qiuli , Liu Hu , Qi Qianqian , Dai Chaohui , Yang Teddy , Qian Feng
Published: June 2022

Glucocorticoid‐induced TNF receptor‐related (GITR) can act as a co‐stimulatory receptor, representing a potential target for safely enhancing immunotherapy efficacy. GITR is triggered by a GITR ligand or an agonist antibody and activates CD8+ and CD4+ effector T cells, reducing tumor‐infiltrating Treg numbers and resulting in activation of immune responses and tumor cell destruction by effector T cells. GITR is an attractive target for immunotherapy, especially in combination therapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors, as is being explored in clinical trials. Using H2L2 transgenic mice encoding the human immunoglobulin variable region and hybridoma technology, we generated a panel of fully human antibodies that showed excellent specific affinity and strong activation of human T cells. After conversion to fully human antibodies and engineering modification, we obtained an anti‐GITR antibody hab019e2 with enhanced antitumor activity in a B‐hGITR MC38 mouse model compared to Tab9H6V3, an anti‐GITR antibody that activates T cells and inhibits Treg suppression from XenoMouse. As a fully human antibody with its posttranslational modification hot spot removed, the hab019e2 antibody exerted more potent therapeutic effects, and may have potential as a novel and developable antibody targeting GITR for follow‐up drug studies.
Injectable Reactive Oxygen Species‐Responsive Hydrogel Dressing with Sustained Nitric Oxide Release for Bacterial Ablation and Wound Healing
Authors: Yu Jie , Zhang Ruili , Chen Baihang , Liu Xuelan , Jia Qian , Wang Xiaofei , Yang Zuo , Ning Pengbo , Wang Zhongliang , Yang Yang
Published: June 2022

Skin wound healing strategies that promote sustainable healing, prevent bacterial infections, and cause only mild irritation are urgently needed for open wound therapy. In this study, a system that consists of a reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐degradable hydrogel dressing, with encapsulated biosafe nitric oxide (NO) donor L‐arginine (L‐Arg), and a low level (100 × 10−6 m) of the household disinfectant hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is established for sustainable wound therapy and disinfection. Under stimulation with a low level of H2O2, NO is sustainably generated from L‐Arg within the hydrogel dressing, which mediates macrophage and fibroblast chemotaxis to the wound site, as well as collagen synthesis, resulting in rapid wound healing and skin organ regeneration. The combination of H2O2 and NO also endows the system with a synergistic antibacterial ability to eliminate ampicillin‐resistant Escherichia coli. In addition, a full‐thickness skin wound model demonstrates that the ROS‐degradable hydrogel dressing, with a wound exudate adsorption ability, shows effective wound healing promotion and a good biocompatibility, without any hazardous residues and skin irritation. This ROS‐responsive, degradable, synergistic wound healing system provides an alternative strategy for sustainable wound treatment, both at home and in the clinic.
Remarkable Magnetic Exchange Coupling via Constructing Bi‐Magnetic Interface for Broadband Lower‐Frequency Microwave Absorption
Authors: Yuan Mingyue , Zhao Biao , Yang Chendi , Pei Ke , Wang Longyuan , Zhang Ruixuan , You Wenbin , Liu Xianhu , Zhang Xuefeng , Che Renchao
Published: June 2022

Severe lower‐frequency (2–8 GHz) microwave pollution caused by the rapid development of 5th generation (5G) communication posts significance on cutting‐edge microwave absorbers. However, the intensely coupled wave‐impedance and microwave dissipating ability dramatically hinder their performance in the exact lower‐frequency range. The rationally designed heterostructure of hard/soft ferrite composite provides an efficient solution to address the issue. In this context, core‐shell structured hard/soft BaFe(12‐x)CoxO19@Fe3O4 with abundant heterointerface is created using facile spray‐drying and subsequent solvothermal approach, where hard magnetic BaFe(12‐x)CoxO19 serves as the core and soft magnetic Fe3O4 serves as the shell, respectively. The unique core‐shell integration contributes sufficient magnetic exchange coupling interaction for strong magnetic loss beyond Snoek's limitation, which considerably boosts a lower‐frequency microwave absorption. Accordingly, the minimum reflection loss (RLmin) of typical BaFe11.6Co0.4O19@Fe3O4 microcomposite reaches −48.9 dB at the thickness of 3.5 mm, its bandwidth of reflection loss < −10 dB can cover almost all the S and C bands (2.6–8 GHz). Generally, an easy and controllable pathway is conveyed in this work to encourage improved magnetic loss ability as well as decouple the wave‐impedance and microwave dissipating ability in magnetic composites, which widens the road to the development of advanced lower‐frequency magnetic absorbers.
Self‐Organized Small Molecules in Robust MOFs for High‐Performance Perovskite Solar Cells with Enhanced Degradation Activation Energy
Authors: Wang Jiaqi , Zhang Jian , Gai Shuang , Wang Wei , Dong Yayu , Hu Boyuan , Li Jiao , Lin Kaifeng , Xia Debin , Fan Ruiqing , Yang Yulin
Published: June 2022

A brand new strategy to improve the volatility and disordered arrangement of small organic molecule additives within doped perovskite solar cells through the construction of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) is proposed. The Zn‐TTB, self‐assembling from Zn2+ and 1‐(triazol‐1‐ly)‐4‐tetrazol‐5‐ylmethyl)benzene (TTB), inherits and arranges triazole and tetrazole groups and forms a long‐chain structure surrounding metal nodes. The perovskite precursors grow along with the skeleton of Zn‐TTB and produce a macromolecular intermediate phase via the MOFs‐perovskite interconnection, subsequently forming superior perovskite films with enhanced stability with respect to molecular additives, as evidenced by in situ thermogravimetry‐Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy measurements. Thermal analyses suggest MOF‐doping increases degradation activation energies by up to >174.01 kJ mol–1 compared to the reference sample (162.45 kJ mol–1). Zn‐TTB‐modified devices exhibit promising efficiencies (up to 23.14%) and operational stability in unencapsulated state, even under constant solar light illumination.
Photonic Barcodes Combining Branched Hybridization Chain Reaction for Multiplex Quantification of Bladder Cancer MicroRNAs
Authors: Wei Xiaowei , Cai Zehan , Cai Lijun , Wang Yu , Zhang Dagan , Zhu Yefei
Published: June 2022

Bladder cancer is the most common malignant tumor of the urinary system with substantial therapy cost and mortality. Recently, quantification and multiplex detection of circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) from human serum has opened a new avenue for efficient diagnosis of bladder cancer. Herein, a novel multiplex platform is designed toward bladder cancer‐related miRNAs detection by integrating photonic crystal (PhC) barcodes with the branched hybridization chain reaction (B‐HCR). PhC barcodes possess constant characteristic reflection peaks originating from the highly ordered microstructure and thus exhibit vivid structural colors as the encoding elements. B‐HCR is an isothermal enzyme‐free amplification strategy on the basis of hybridization chain reaction (HCR), which presents a higher amplification efficiency. By integrating the vivid structural colors of PhC barcodes with the isothermal amplification of B‐HCR, this platform shows an acceptable accuracy, reproducibility, and high sensitivity for multiplex detection of low‐abundance miRNAs. Moreover, the results are consistent with conventional qRT‐PCR in the serum specimens. Therefore, this platform may provide a new approach for the clinical diagnosis of bladder cancer.
Mixed Solvents Assisted Post‐Treatment Enables High‐Efficiency Single‐Junction Perovskite and 4T Perovskite/CIGS Tandem Solar Cells
Authors: Tang Liting , Wang Xiaomin , Liu Xinxing , Zhang Junjun , Wang Shaoying , Zhao Yuqi , Gong Junbo , Li Jianmin , Xiao Xudong
Published: June 2022

The interface between the perovskite layer and the hole transport layer (HTL) plays a vital role in hole extraction and electron blocking in perovskite solar cells (PSCs), and it is particularly susceptible to harmful defects. Surface passivation is an effective strategy for addressing the above concerns. However, because of its strong polarity, isopropyl alcohol (IPA) is used as a solvent in all of the surface treatment materials reported thus far, and it frequently damages the surface of perovskite. In this paper, a method is proposed for dissolving the passivation materials, for example, guanidine bromide (GABr), in mixed solvents (1:1) of IPA and toluene (TL), which can efficiently passivate interface and grain boundary defects by minimizing the IPA solubility of the perovskite surface. As a result, all the performance parameters Voc, Jsc, and FF are improved, and the power conversion efficiency (PCE) increased from 20.1 to 22.7%. Moreover, combining the PSCs with GABr post‐treatment in mixed solvents with copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) solar cells, a 4‐terminal (4T) perovskite/CIGS tandem device is realized and a PCE of 25.5% is achieved. The mixed solvent passivation strategy demonstrated here, hopefully, will open new avenues for improving PSCs’ efficiency and stability.
Transient, Biodegradable Energy Systems as a Promising Power Solution for Ecofriendly and Implantable Electronics
Authors: Rajaram Kaveti , Yang Seung Min , Hwang Suk-Won
Published: June 2022

Along with the rapid growth in electronics technology, electrical power solutions are developed to provide high‐performance, reliable, and durable energy supplies to various electronic devices. However, conventional power systems are challenging owing to serious after‐use considerations, including environmental costs and biological hazards of eliminating heavy metals and other toxins. Here, this Perspective provides a comprehensive review of recent progress in techniques associated with transient, biodegradable, environment‐friendly energy solutions, including batteries, supercapacitors, energy harvesters utilizing various types of energy sources (e.g., biochemical, physical/mechanical, or thermal), and external energy transfer strategies (e.g., inductive coupling/radiofrequency, photovoltaic, or ultrasonic). Key features, practical examples, existing challenges, and finally possible future directions for transient, biodegradable energy solutions with unmet approaches yet are presented.
The role of agricultural insurance in boosting agricultural output: An aggregate analysis from Chinese provinces
Authors: Zou Baoling , Ren Zanjie , Mishra Ashok K. , Hirsch Stefan
Published: June 2022

Agricultural insurance is a significant driver of agricultural development worldwide. In this paper, a fixed‐effects panel approach and instrumental variable regressions are used to examine the impact of agricultural insurance on agricultural output in China. The study is based on panel data from 31 Chinese provinces over the period 2004 to 2018. Findings indicate that agricultural insurance led to a significant increase in aggregate agricultural output across provinces. The results remain robust when potential endogeneity in insurance uptake is considered. In addition, mechanism tests were performed to identify the channels through which insurance influences productivity. These show that agricultural insurance contributes to increasing labor productivity and the area of cultivated land per capita and encourages specialized planting, all of which promote growth in agricultural production. Finally, agricultural insurance plays a more important role in Eastern China and nonmajor crop‐producing areas [EconLit Citations: Q13, Q18].
The Microscopic Diamond Anvil Cell: Stabilization of Superhard, Superconducting Carbon Allotropes at Ambient Pressure
Authors: Wang Xiaoyu , Proserpio Davide M. , Oses Corey , Toher Cormac , Curtarolo Stefano , Zurek Eva
Published: June 2022

A metallic, covalently bonded carbon allotrope is predicted via first principles calculations. It is composed of an sp3 carbon framework that acts as a diamond anvil cell by constraining the distance between parallel cis‐polyacetylene chains. The distance between these sp2 carbon atoms renders the phase metallic, and yields two well‐nested nearly parallel bands that cross the Fermi level. Calculations show this phase is a conventional superconductor, with the motions of the sp2 carbons being key contributors to the electron–phonon coupling. The sp3 carbon atoms impart superior mechanical properties, with a predicted Vickers hardness of 48 GPa. This phase, metastable at ambient conditions, could be made by on‐surface polymerization of graphene nanoribbons, followed by pressurization of the resulting 2D sheets. A family of multifunctional materials with tunable superconducting and mechanical properties could be derived from this phase by varying the sp2 versus sp3 carbon content, and by doping.
Pore‐Structure Control in Metal–Organic Frameworks (MOFs) for Capture of the Greenhouse Gas SF6with Record Separation
Authors: Wang Shao‐Min , Mu Xuan‐Tong , Liu Hao‐Ran , Zheng Su‐Tao , Yang Qing‐Yuan
Published: June 2022

In the electronics industry, the efficient recovery and capture of sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) from SF6/N2mixtures is of great importance. Herein, three metal–organic frameworks with fine‐tuning pore structures,Cu(peba)2,Ni(pba)2, andNi(ina)2, were designed for SF6capture. Among them,Ni(ina)2has perfect pore sizes (6 Å) that are comparable to the kinetic diameter of sulfur hexafluoride (5.2 Å), affording the benchmark binding affinity for SF6gas.Ni(ina)2exhibits the highest SF6/N2selectivity (375.1 at 298 K and 1 bar) and ultra‐high SF6uptake capacity (53.5 cm3 g−1at 298 K and 0.1 bar) at ambient conditions. The remarkable separation performance ofNi(ina)2was verified by dynamic breakthrough experiments. Theoretical calculations and the SF6‐loaded single‐crystal structure provided critical insight into the adsorption/separation mechanism. This porous coordination network has the potential to be used in industrial applications.
Mediating CO2 Electroreduction Activity and Selectivity over Atomically Precise Copper Clusters
Authors: Liu Li‐Juan , Wang Zhi‐Yuan , Wang Zhao‐Yang , Wang Rui , Zang Shuang‐Quan , Mak Thomas C. W.
Published: June 2022

Atomically precise copper clusters are highly desirable catalysts for electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) and provide an ideal platform for elaborating structure–activity relationships. However, systematic comparative studies of Cu cluster isomers for electrocatalytic CO2RR are lacking because they are challenging to synthesize. A group of structurally precise Cu8 cluster isomers with different core structures (cube‐ and ditetrahedron‐shaped) were developed and investigated for highly active and selective CO2 reduction. Electrocatalytic measurements showed that the ditetrahedron‐shaped Cu8 cluster exhibited a higher FEHCOOH (≈92 %) at −1.0 V and higher selectivity than the cube‐shaped cluster. Theoretical investigations revealed different levels of competitiveness with the hydrogen evolution reaction on the respective core‐shaped Cu8 clusters and decreased free energies for the adsorbed HCOO* intermediates on the ditetrahedron‐shaped Cu8 clusters.
Association Between Walking for Exercise and Symptomatic and Structural Progression in Individuals With Knee Osteoarthritis: Data From the Osteoarthritis Initiative Cohort
Authors: Lo Grace H. , Vinod Surabhi , Richard Michael J. , Harkey Matthew S. , McAlindon Timothy E. , Kriska Andrea M. , Rockette‐Wagner Bonny , Eaton Charles B. , Hochberg Marc C. , Jackson Rebecca D. , Kwoh C. Kent , Nevitt Michael C. , Driban Jeffrey B.
Published: June 2022

Objective

To assess the relationship between walking for exercise and symptomatic and structural disease progression in individuals with knee osteoarthritis (OA).

Methods

We assessed a nested cohort of participants age 50 years or older within the Osteoarthritis Initiative, a community‐based observational study in which subjects were enrolled between 2004 and 2006. We focused on 4 dichotomous outcomes from baseline to the 48‐month visit, involving determination of the frequency of knee pain and radiographic severity of knee OA on posteroanterior semiflexed knee radiographs. The outcomes assessed included 1) new frequent knee pain, 2) worsening of radiographic severity of knee OA based on the Kellgren/Lawrence grade, 3) progression of medial joint space narrowing, and 4) improved frequent knee pain. We used a modified version of the Historical Physical Activity Survey Instrument to ascertain those subjects who reported walking for exercise after age 50 years. The survey was administered at the 96‐month visit (2012–2014).

Results

Of 1,212 participants with knee OA, 45% were male and 73% reported walking for exercise. The mean ± SD age was 63.2 ± 7.9 years, and the mean ± SD body mass index was 29.4 ± 4.6 kg/m2. The likelihood of new frequent knee pain was reduced in participants with knee OA who walked for exercise as compared to those who were non‐walkers (odds ratio [OR] 0.6, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.4–0.8), and progression of medial joint space narrowing was less common in walkers compared to non‐walkers (OR 0.8, 95% CI 0.6–1.0).

Conclusion

In individuals with knee OA who were age 50 years or older, walking for exercise was associated with less frequent development of knee pain. These findings support the notion that walking for exercise should be encouraged for people with knee OA. Furthermore, we offer a proof of concept that walking for exercise could be disease modifying, which warrants further study.
Bifurcation anti‐control technique in a fractional‐order stable finance model
Authors: Xu Changjin , Mu Dan , Aouiti Chaouki , Liu Zixin , Qin Qiwen , Yao Lingyun , Hou Ming
Published: June 2022

Setting up differential models to give a description of the object economical phenomenon in the world today is very essential in economics and mathematics. In this current study, we are committed to the study on the anti‐control of Hopf bifurcation for a fractional‐order stable finance model. By virtue of a suitable washout filter controller involving time delay, we obtain a fractional‐order controlled finance model. Selecting the time delay as bifurcation parameter, we derive a new delay‐independent stability and bifurcation condition to assure that the involved fractional‐order controlled finance model is locally asymptotically stable and generates Hopf bifurcation around the equilibrium point. The investigation clearly manifests that the designed washout filter controller is a very effective means of bifurcation anti‐control. Ultimately, the obtained simulation figures and bifurcation diagrams are sufficiently presented to verify effectiveness for the proposed control technique. The established theoretical fruits have great significance in maintaining financial balance. Up to the present, the report on anti‐control technique of Hopf bifurcation for fractional‐order dynamical systems is quite rare. The research idea can also be applied to probe into the control issue of bifurcation and chaos for numerous other fractional‐order dynamical models in many areas.
(Nano)platforms in bladder cancer therapy: Challenges and opportunities
Authors: Ashrafizadeh Milad , Zarrabi Ali , Karimi‐Maleh Hassan , Taheriazam Afshin , Mirzaei Sepideh , Hashemi Mehrdad , Hushmandi Kiavash , Makvandi Pooyan , Nazarzadeh Zare Ehsan , Sharifi Esmaeel , Goel Arul , Wang Lingzhi , Ren Jun , Nuri Ertas Yavuz , Kumar Alan Prem , Wang Yuzhuo , Rabiee Navid , Sethi Gautam , Ma Zhaowu
Published: June 2022

Urological cancers are among the most common malignancies around the world. In particular, bladder cancer severely threatens human health due to its aggressive and heterogeneous nature. Various therapeutic modalities have been considered for the treatment of bladder cancer although its prognosis remains unfavorable. It is perceived that treatment of bladder cancer depends on an interdisciplinary approach combining biology and engineering. The nanotechnological approaches have been introduced in the treatment of various cancers, especially bladder cancer. The current review aims to emphasize and highlight possible applications of nanomedicine in eradication of bladder tumor. Nanoparticles can improve efficacy of drugs in bladder cancer therapy through elevating their bioavailability. The potential of genetic tools such as siRNA and miRNA in gene expression regulation can be boosted using nanostructures by facilitating their internalization and accumulation at tumor sites and cells. Nanoparticles can provide photodynamic and photothermal therapy for ROS overgeneration and hyperthermia, respectively, in the suppression of bladder cancer. Furthermore, remodeling of tumor microenvironment and infiltration of immune cells for the purpose of immunotherapy are achieved through cargo‐loaded nanocarriers. Nanocarriers are mainly internalized in bladder tumor cells by endocytosis, and proper design of smart nanoparticles such as pH‐, redox‐, and light‐responsive nanocarriers is of importance for targeted tumor therapy. Bladder cancer biomarkers can be detected using nanoparticles for timely diagnosis of patients. Based on their accumulation at the tumor site, they can be employed for tumor imaging. The clinical translation and challenges are also covered in current review.