bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Equine Review
Authors: Rendle David
Published: May 2014

Introduction: This edition of Equine Review considers papers on head shaking, equine grass sickness, and treatment of encysted cyathostomins.
Implementing health planning in beef suckler and sheep enterprises
Authors: Oliver Lee-Anne , Scott Roger , Eaglesham Linsay
Published: May 2014

In recent years herd and flock health plans have become an integral part of the farm quality assurance systems in the UK. This has helped to shift the focus from a reactive approach to animal health problems to a proactive approach that at its best utilises production data and risk management logic while making best use of the expertise of the veterinary practitioner. One common drawback is that the production of a health plan is seen as a one-off exercise. Another is that the plan does not adopt the basic management concept of plan/do/study/adjust, but is simply a tick box exercise in the quality assurance process. To overcome these drawbacks a more dynamic system is required to provide the framework for analysis of health and productivity as well as the delivery of advice and preventive medicine. Web-based software such as the Animal Health Planning System (AHPS) is specifically designed for beef suckler and sheep enterprises and is a practical aid in the documentation and administration of the health planning process.
Case report: a novel tetralogy of congenital cardiac deformities in a calf
Authors: Hopker Andy , Crilly James Patrick , Philbey Adrian W
Published: May 2014

Congenital cardiac abnormalities in cattle are encountered by veterinarians on an infrequent basis but remain an important differential diagnosis for weak neonatal calves. This report describes the presentation, clinical signs and post-mortem findings of a novel combination of cardiac abnormalities in an Aberdeen Angus cross heifer calf that developed cardiopulmonary signs immediately after birth. The heart defect was characterised by a hypoplastic left ventricle, dextroaorta, atrial septal defect and right ventricular hypertrophy, consistent with double outlet right ventricle (DORV), and represents a novel tetralogy of congenital cardiac deformities in cattle. Similar cardiac abnormalities in cattle and human beings are discussed.
Fluid therapy in calves
Authors: Arnold Charlie
Published: May 2014

Choice of fluid therapy in calves depends on acid–base status of the calf and the degree of dehydration. Evaluation of acid–base status involves measuring blood parameters, assessing the clinical state of the calf and assumptions based on age. Use of homemade fluids for intravenous fluid therapy is often recommended as they are more suitable than commercially available preparations and cost effective. Oral fluid therapy is essential and early instigation can avoid the need for parenteral fluids. Various products are available with more recent alternatives having benefits for gut health. Whichever solution is chosen it is important to re-start milk feeding as soon as possible.
Cattle Review
Authors: Barrett David C
Published: May 2014

Introduction

This Cattle Review focuses on three recent papers considering different aspects of cattle behaviour and welfare.
Feeding the ewe
Authors: Stubbings LA
Published: May 2014

The latest industry figures published by Eblex clearly illustrate that output (kg lamb reared per ewe) is the main difference between average and top third producers. The more profitable producers not only rear more lambs, but the lambs are heavier and grow faster and more efficiently. This is encouraging for those involved in health planning because it underlines the importance of output and therefore the need to control and minimise disease risks. However, it also points to the importance of nutrition as a key factor in the difference between these two cohorts of sheep farmers. The majority of problems veterinary surgeons see in late pregnancy are not simply the result of short-term mistakes or oversights; they are the culmination of a catalogue of missed opportunities to plan ahead. This paper explores the underlying principles and offers practical advice.
Mental health service users' views of nurse prescribing
Authors: Harrison Anthony
Published: May 2014

This study explored the views of mental health service users regarding the concept of nurse prescribing, an area that to date has not been examined in any significant way. A qualitative approach was used to gather data from a series of focus groups made up of service users within the Avon and Wiltshire Mental Health Partnership NHS Trust area. Content analysis was used to analyse data from each focus group and four major themes were identified from the relevant component categories. This study identifies that service users have a number of concerns regarding the adoption of nurse prescribing within the mental health context, in particular the need for nurses taking on a prescribing role to be adequately educated and supported in this function. Participants were concerned that in developing a prescribing role, nurses did not neglect other core nursing activities and that the issues of role profile, skill mix and collaborative working were not undermined. The study provides useful information regarding the development of this role within mental health nursing, and offers constructs that could be explored further among service user and patient groups using quantitative methodologies.
Nurse prescribing in the acute sector: one trust's experience
Authors: Green Helen
Published: May 2014

The extension of nurse prescribing to nurses in acute hospital trusts was welcomed with open arms by many specialist nurses who felt that their practice would become easier as a result. In some cases this is certainly the case. However, the extension has created to a number of problematic issues around the supply and prescription of drugs by nurses and midwives in acute care.
Improving communication between nurse prescribers and community pharmacists
Authors: Pleasance Geraldine , Brownsell Mike
Published: May 2014

An action research study was undertaken over a 4-week period in which 30 consecutive prescriptions written by a V300 nurse were followed through the system to dispensing. Over 30% of prescriptions (n=10) were challenged by the community pharmacist through misunderstanding of non-physician prescribing legislation. To facilitate smooth service provision, a collaborative response to new initiatives is necessary incorporating all stakeholders in the change process.
Pediculus capitis: the prevention and treatment of head lice
Authors: Ibarra Joanna
Published: May 2014

Constant outbreaks of head lice cause immense social disruption in school, and their management drains professional and parental resources. In this article, the two different types of treatment options that may be prescribed for head lice, insecticide medicine and the Bug Buster Kit, will be discussed. The importance of treating head lice within a strategy for prevention will also be explored.
Prescribing childhood immunizations: a complex issue?
Authors: Gray Jane
Published: May 2014

Supporting immunization is an important part of a primary care nurse’s role, and the extended nurse prescribing qualification is proving to be fundamental to this role. Nurses contribute to the protection of the community by promoting, prescribing and administering immunizations in a variety of settings, thereby influencing the uptake of vaccines in both individuals and communities. This article demonstrates how an extended formulary nurse prescriber, working in an outreach capacity with a socially excluded client group, recognized the benefits of being an extended nurse prescriber in the context of childhood immunization.
Action learning to provide continuing professional development
Authors: Jones Kathryn , Brown Wendy , Bunker Jill , Heywood Sally , Howard Diana , Van Tromp Jen
Published: May 2014

During 2003-2004, six nurses from a London-based acute care trust undertook supplementary and independent nurse prescribing courses. After completing the courses, an action learning set was created in order to address the nurses’ need for continuing professional development. Some of the benefits of this group included shared learning and group problem-solving of practice issues. In this article the authors describe the practical steps to implement an action learning set, the benefits to its members and its impact on clinical practice.
Substance misuse: an overview of assessment and treatment options
Authors: Harniman Beverley
Published: May 2014

Clients frequently present to primary and secondary services with drug and alcohol dependence problems, and it is important that clinicians can identify and accurately assess the problem and have an awareness of some of the pharmacological and psychosocial interventions available. This article focuses on three commonly misused substances: alcohol, opiates, and crack/cocaine, and considers the specific treatment options.
Diagnosis and management of burning mouth syndrome
Authors: Karim Kelvin
Published: May 2014

Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is characterized by a continuous painful burning sensation in an oral cavity that appears clinically normal. The burning sensation often persists for years and may affect more than one oral site, with the anterior two-thirds of the tongue, the hard palate and the lower lip mucosa being most frequently affected (Lavigne et al, 2005). Although this distressing condition has been recognized for some time, the aetiology remains unknown. It is clear that there is much to be learnt about BMS, and the key to successful management depends on early recognition and good symptom control. This article aims to provide an overview of this condition including diagnosis and options for the management of BMS.
A qualitative study on the impact of legislation on prescribing of controlled drugs by nurses
Authors: Stenner Karen , Courtenay Molly
Published: May 2014

This qualitative research explores the views of 26 qualified Nurse Independent and Nurse Supplementary Prescribers on the adoption of the role of prescribing for patients in pain, and how the legislation on prescribing controlled drugs has had an impact on practice. This level of prescribing, and the impact of legislation have varied according to the context in which the nurses worked. Practice was affected in the hospital setting where there was confusion over definitions of pain types. Nurses working with chronic pain patients in outpatient settings tended to make recommendations rather than prescribe medication. The findings of this study inevitably have implications for the Home Office consultation on the prescription of controlled drugs by Nurse Independent Prescribers.
Supporting and developing non-medical prescribing
Authors: McKay Cheryl
Published: May 2014

This article documents how non-medical prescribing was led, developed and implemented in Kent and Medway. It explores how and why aspects of the roject were delivered in light of the findings of the audits that were undertaken in 2004 and 2005. The article will provide recommendations on the strategic development of non-medical prescribing in NHS organizations and their clinical governance responsibilities. The article may also support independent health care providers to deliver the non-medical prescribing agenda.
Significant pharmacogenetic and molecular factors in prescribing
Authors: Novak Barbara
Published: May 2014

Critical observation, constructive discourse and discerning use of scientifi c evidence are invaluable in advancing patient care, prescribing practice and infl uencing a more successful therapeutic outcome. Although not all patients require pharmacotherapeutic care, in cases where such interventions are required prescribing practitioners must base their decisions to prescribe on the very best evidence that relates to their specifi c patient. Such professional judgements are inevitably based on prior knowledge of health problems, diagnostic evidence and, of course, the pharmacological profi le of the intended drug(s). As studies of the contributions of genetic factors to variations in drug response and toxicity bring new insights into the complex nature of prescribing, practitioners have no alternative but take into consideration the vast range of new clinically signifi cant evidence that pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics generate.
Proton pump inhibitors: use, action and prescribing rationale
Authors: Anwar Anila
Published: May 2014

Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are a group of drugs that work by inhibiting the K+/H+- adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) system, also known as the proton pump, in the gastric parietal cell wall. They therefore efficiently reduce hydrochloric (HCl) acid secretion in the stomach. PPIs are used as the treatment of choice for gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, peptic ulcer disease, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugassociated ulcers, Helicobacter pylori eradication and excess acid secretion in Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. They are also used as a short term therapy to treat intermittent gastric acid reflux when antacids and H2 receptor antagonists have proven to be ineffective. Their use, however, must be monitored to prevent secondary disease such as Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhoea and rebound excess gastric acid secretion (irritable bowel syndrome).
Physiology and effects of the menopause
Authors: Brockie Jan
Published: May 2014

The menopause, caused by ovarian failure, is natural part of female ageing. Most women will experience a spontaneous menopause around 52 years in the western world. Some women become menopausal because of surgical removal of their ovaries or as a result of treatment for other disease such as chemotherapy or radiotherapy. A menopause before the age of 45 years is considered premature and these women may need closer supervised care and support. Women often report changes in menstrual pattern and a woman is considered postmenopausal following 1 year of amenorrhoea. Checking follicle-stimulating hormone levels can sometimes be helpful to confirm diagnosis in women following hysterectomy or with unexplained amenorrhoea.

Each woman has a unique and individual menopause experience. Many women experience vasomotor symptoms and sometimes psychological symptoms in the perimenopause and in a minority of women, these can continue for many years. With the increase in female life expectancy over the past century, the long term consequences of the menopause, such as cardiovascular disease and osteoporosis, are significant because of the distress and dependence to ageing women and the resulting burden on the social and health services.
Completeness of prescriptions issued to dermatology patients
Authors: Courtenay Molly , Carey Nicola
Published: May 2014

The findings reported in this paper explore the prescriptions issued to dermatology patients by nurse prescribers. Thirty five prescriptions on which 79 items were prescribed were collected from 10 nurse prescribers and independently assessed. Each nurse formed the focus of a case study, which represented a setting within England in which nurses prescribed medicines for dermatology patients. Data were collected between June 2006 and September 2007. Specialist nurses were more likely than general practice nurses to provide clear instructions regarding the application of topical therapies (P=0.02), handwrite prescriptions, and prescribe by brand name. Nurses in general practice were more likely to computer generate prescriptions, prescribe generically (P=0.02), and provide information about treatment duration. Although omissions on prescriptions were minor, it is important that mechanisms are in place, such as access to electronic prescribing, monitoring and audit of prescribing, to ensure the quality of prescriptions written by nurses.
Monthly medical education for prescribing nurses
Authors: Johnston Adrian
Published: May 2014

Adrian Johnston, publisher of Nurse Prescribing, reviews how the UK's only monthly prescribing title for nurses has developed since its launch in 2002, and outlines a new free online continuing professional development service available for journal subscribers.
Management of functional constipation in childhood
Authors: Rogers June
Published: May 2014

Functional constipation is a common childhood condition. In the majority of cases the constipation develops as a result of a complex weave of factors including specifi c triggers, such the passage of large painful stools, which then perpetuates the problem when the child begins to associate pain with defecation.

The management of constipation can often be a challenge in children, who initially may be reluctant to sit on the toilet. This article will discuss the keys to successful treatment, including ensuring an holistic, child-focused approach with effective initial evacuation and appropriate maintenance therapy.
NSAIDs applied to the skin: a very topical subject
Authors: Greener Mark
Published: May 2014

Healers have used plants containing salicylates to alleviate pain, infl ammation and fever for millennia. The clinical and commercial success of acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) prompted the development of the plethora of non-steroidal anti-infl ammatory drugs (NSAIDs) available today. Although commonplace, there is a danger that therapeutic familiarity can breed toxicological contempt. NSAIDs can cause serious, even life-threatening gastrointestinal, cardiovascular and other side effects. The risk of adverse events prompted the search for better-tolerated alternatives, including topical preparations. Despite some initial scepticism, a growing body of clinical and pharmacological evidence suggests that topical NSAIDs offer an effective and well-tolerated treatment for several conditions that produce chronic or acute pain. This article briefl y describes the history of NSAIDs and how they work, before focusing on the use of topical NSAIDs as a therapeutic option.
The management of upper-extremity deep vein thrombosis
Authors: Meetoo Danny
Published: May 2014

Prevention and treatment of lower-extremity deep vein thrombosis (LEDVT) has been the subject of many in-depth studies. Much less is known, however, about upper-extremity DVT (UEDVT). Previously considered as uncommon and benign, recent studies have demonstrated an increased incidence of UEDVT, partly attributable to the more frequent use of central venous catheters. This syndrome has the potential for considerable morbidity, including pulmonary embolism and persistent upper-extremity pain and swelling. Diagnostic imaging does not always confirm the precise location of the condition. Therapeutic intervention is still controversial, and therefore not standardized. This article aims to provide an overview of the aetiology, pathogenesis, and clinical features of UEDVT. The potential complications are presented, and therapeutic interventions discussed. The contribution of the nurse in the overall management of patients, including the detection and prevention of UEDVT, is also described.
Prescribing for non-malignant disease at the end of life
Authors: S Nunn Claire
Published: May 2014

The author's role is one of a Nurse Independent Prescriber working as a Senior Sister in an acute medical and respiratory ward at the local district general hospital. This article offers an overview of pharmacotherapy at the end of life in non-malignant disease, with particular emphasis on morphine. Generic symptoms of nausea and vomiting, dyspnoea, respiratory secretions, agitation, distress, and restlessness, identified in the Liverpool Care Pathway, are also briefly considered.
COPD: pathophysiology and treatment
Authors: Higginson Ray
Published: May 2014

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an umbrella term used to describe respiratory diseases characterized by airway obstruction. COPD is now an established and signifi cant chronic disease, killing over 30 000 people in the UK every year. According to the World Health Organization, COPD will become the third biggest killer in the world by 2020. The financial and human cost of the disease is huge. To appreciate the pathophysiology of obstructive pulmonary diseases, it is first necessary to understand a number of important lung concepts. This article discusses the pathophysiology of three main obstructive airway diseases, providing an outline of the associated signs, symptoms and treatment of each.
Legal and ethical implications of non-medical prescribing
Authors: Lovatt Penny
Published: May 2014

The nurse independent prescriber (NIP) role has slowly evolved over 6 years, since its introduction in 2000 in line with the Government plans to modernize the NHS. The development of this role served to benefit the patients by improving access to medication, empowering them to have a degree of choice in their health care and the staff in extending their scope of practice and professional development. Accordingly there are numerous professional, ethical and legal implications associated with this extended nursing role. The article will consider both the professional accountability and the legal issues involved in NIP, before discussing how the ethical principles of beneficence, non-maleficence, autonomy and justice underpin safe, cost effective prescribing practice. In considering how ethically, legally and morally sound NIP fits into the clinical setting, application of the discussion in introducing this role into a minor Injuries unit is included.
Modified-release nitrofurantoin in uncomplicated urinary tract infection
Authors: Greener Mark
Published: May 2014

Uncomplicated urinary tract infection (UTI) is the most common bacterial infection presenting in the community ( Platt and Keating, 2007 ). UTIs can cause unpleasant and distressing symptoms and, occasionally, have serious consequences. Nevertheless, uncomplicated UTIs are eminently suitable for community management. Short courses of nitrofurantoin or trimethoprim—the firstline antibiotics—resolve more than 80% of UTIs ( Hummers-Pradier and Kochen, 2002 ). Modified-release nitrofurantoin should be associated with higher levels of compliance than conventional formulations of nitrofurantoin ( Claxton et al. 2001 ). Furthermore, despite entering the UTI armamentarium in 1953 ( Guay, 2001 ), nitrofurantoin resistance does not seem to have changed ( Kahlmeter, 2003 ; Nicolle et al, 2006 ). In contrast, resistance to trimethoprim may be rising to levels that may compromise the antibiotic's firstline position in UTI management ( Hummers-Pradier and Kochen, 2002 ). Against this background, modified-release nitrofurantoin is a suitable alternative—and is arguably preferable—to trimethoprim for the treatment of uncomplicated UTIs.
Oral anticoagulants in the management of thromboembolism
Authors: Woodrow Kate , Korn Nicola
Published: May 2014

Venous thromboembolism presents a major public health concern in the UK, and increases morbidity and mortality in hospitalized patients. With the development of two new classes of oral anticoagulants, direct thrombin inhibitors (dabigatran) and direct factor Xa inhibitors (rivaroxaban), there could be a paradigm shift in the management of acute venous thromboembolism.
Nurse independent prescribers' views on recent medicine switches
Authors: Rutter Paul M , Tsang Glen
Published: May 2014

Background:

Current UK health policy advocates the concept of self-care and encourages patients to take greater ownership of their own health. One enabler of self-care is to provide patients with more opportunities to treat and manage conditions without consultation with a prescriber. The continued movement of medicines to non-prescription status is one way in which this can be achieved. The principal research objective of this study was to ascertain how receptive nurse independent prescribers (NIPs) were to medicine deregulation.

Methods:

A self-administered survey, primarily consisting of 5-point Likert scales (strongly agree to strongly disagree) was distributed to all known NIPs currently working in the East and West Midlands Strategic Health Authorities.

Results:

Fifty replies were received, yielding a response rate of 39%. The vast majority of respondents agreed that deregulation of medicines would allow patients easier and quicker access to treatment, and help in reducing their own workloads. NIPs were supportive of recent and proposed medicine switches involving the management of acute problems (e.g. omeprazole, naproxen and trimethoprim), but much more reserved in seeing medicines for chronic conditions available over the counter. Reservations centred on pharmacists not having sufficient time or resource, for example an inability to provide appropriate monitoring. With increased deregulation, NIPs had concerns over medicines being inappropriately used, resulting in patient safety being compromised.

Conclusions:

NIPs were positive toward greater medicine availability to treat acute self-limiting conditions, but were more circumspect when considering the management of chronic conditions via over-the-counter medicine supply.
Making the case for ethical decision-making models
Authors: Cooper Richard Jason
Published: May 2014

Ethical decision making is an important aspect of nurse prescribing and, although the literature has provided ample guidance of the role of ethical theories, much less attention has been given to more practical guidance, such as ethical decisionmaking models. This article argues that such models are helpful resources and despite their considerable diversity, they may be summarized into key aspects relating to: identifying the problem and gathering facts, considering others in terms of their values and opinions, finding options and justifying one choice, and then implementing it. The article also provides a further resource relating to avoiding common mistakes in reasoning when making an ethical decision in prescribing.
Attitudes of postoperative patients towards hospital nurse prescribing
Authors: Banicek Jasmina
Published: May 2014

The aim of this study was to examine the attitudes of postoperative patients towards nurse prescribing in the hospital setting. Specifically, their level of confidence in a nurse as opposed to a doctor prescribing, effects on likely adherence, and their concerns were examined. New data to expand on the existing knowledge base were sought. Nurse prescribing has changed dramatically since it was first recommended in 1986. To date, most studies have been confined to prescribing by district nurses and health visitors and the views of patients who have experienced prescribing. There is also some evidence available on the views of members of the general public on nurse prescribing. However, there has been no research conducted concerning the attitudes of patients towards nurse prescribing in the hospital setting. The study included 60 postoperative patients who were asked to complete a questionnaire during their stay in the hospital. The findings show that hospital patients view nurse prescribing positively and have a great deal of confidence in nurse prescribing. The majority of participants had no preference about who they would prefer to prescribe their medication and stated that they would be equally happy to take medicine prescribed by a nurse and that by a doctor. However, there were some concerns about the qualification and training of nurse prescribers. Owing to lack of research exploring nurse prescribing from the perspectives of inpatients, it is necessary to undertake further research investigating the attitudes of secondary care patients towards nurse prescribing.
Non-pharmacological treatment of anxiety and depression in COPD
Authors: Heslop Karen
Published: May 2014

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is common in the United Kingdom with approximately 835 000 people currently diagnosed. Symptoms of COPD lead to a gradual progression of disability over many years. It is argued that two of the most common and least-treated comorbidities of COPD are anxiety and depression. Guidelines for the management of anxiety and depression recommend psychological treatment, pharmacological treatment or both in combination. The focus of this article is non-pharmacological treatment. Patients need education to allow the maximization of self-management and choice. Exercise and pulmonary rehabilitation are very important non-pharmacological interventions that can improve physical and psychological wellbeing in patients with COPD. Counselling and cognitive behavioural therapy are also options for treatment.
Treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis and impact on the adolescent
Authors: Batt Rebecca
Published: May 2014

Seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR) is a common disorder affecting up to 20% of the population ( Scadding et al, 2008 ). Symptoms include nasal irritation, sneezing, itching, rhinorrhoea and nasal blockage, which may be intermittent or persistent. These symptoms may lead to sleep disturbance, adversely affecting quality of life (QoL) and learning ability, and can contribute to a drop in grades in examinations taken in the summer months. An accurate diagnosis and optimal management of SAR is essential to minimise the effects of this common allergic disease on the individual. This clinical case will focus on a teenager with SAR. The immunological implications and therapeutic management of this disease will be discussed and the effect SAR has had on his QoL and education will be considered.
Lifestyle recommendations for people at increased risk of type 2 diabetes
Authors: Clark Jade
Published: May 2014

The incidence of type 2 diabetes is increasing in the UK. People over the age of 40, and people over the age of 25 and of South Asian, Chinese, African-Caribbean and black African descent are all at increased risk of type 2 diabetes. Central obesity, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and low levels of physical activity are all associated with increased risk. CVD is also one of many multiple complications of diabetes, including blindness, circulatory problems and lower limb amputation, all of which impose a great cost to the individual and the NHS. This article discusses the identification and lifestyle management recommendations for people who are at high risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
How to… Apply steroids
Authors: Bennett Andrew G
Published: May 2014

Topical steroid preparations are found in every setting in hospitals, the community and nursing and residential care homes. There has been an increasing use of topical corticosteroids as the incidence of skin disorders has risen (Bowman, 1994).
Infection control: risks in nursing and residential care homes
Authors: Piper Camilla
Published: May 2014

Camilla Piper looks at the specific risks of infection that are found in nursing and residential care homes and outlines some infections which are commonly found and can be prevented.
Nursing or residential care?
Authors: Ashurst Adrian
Published: May 2014

Adrian Ashurst offers a personal perspective of the provision of services currently available for both nursing and residential care, and highlights some of the guidelines issued from social services.
Pressure sore treatment: more than applying a dressing
Authors: Arblaster Gillian M , Burton Fiona
Published: May 2014

Gillian M Arblaster and Fiona Burton outline methods of assessing and treating pressure sores of differing severity, and highlight the importance of the holistic treatment of pressure sores as a part of the patient's overall care.
Care Caseload
Authors: Rodway Simon
Published: May 2014

Simon Rodway looks at the social history behind the development of guidelines for helping children who have suffered abuse.
An inspector calls
Authors: Ashurst Adrian
Published: May 2014

Adrian Ashurst discusses the pharmacy visit, which forms an integral part of the nursing home inspection process.
Enhancing leisure through multisensory environments
Authors: Hong Chia Swee , Barber Brigid , Wyatt Linda
Published: May 2014

Chia Swee Hong, Brigid Barber and Linda Wyatt describe the benefits of using multisensory environments for people with learning disabilities, and provide some useful advice for care home staff who wish to set up a multisensory environment in their home.
Mobility equipment for walking and standing
Authors: Queally Mary
Published: May 2014

Loss of mobility can affect many aspects of daily life. Mary Queally discusses the types of mobility equipment available to help the disabled individual maintain their independence.
How to… Cope with computers
Authors: Ashurst Allan
Published: May 2014

Many people are afraid of computers. In the early days of home computers that was understandable, because one had to be a wizard to work one. However, these days they are so easy to use anyone who can use a typewriter tapping the keys with one finger of each hand can use a computer.
The pitfalls of stroke rehabilitation: access to care
Authors: Busse Monica , Geal Lesley
Published: May 2014

Monica Busse and Lesley Geal present a review of the management of a severely affected individual following a cerebrovascular accident, outlining the targets set and achieved during the course of his rehabilitation.
Religion matters
Authors: Ashurst Adrian
Published: May 2014

Adrian Ashurst discusses the importance of encouraging residents to participate in the religious practice of their choice within a residential or nursing home environment.
Fungal infections in the elderly: Candida albicans
Authors: Watkins Jean
Published: May 2014

Jean Watkins describes one of the commonest, as well as most unpleasant, fungal infections found among older patients. The various manifestations of thrush are outlined, along with suggestions for treatment.
Time for a care assistant register
Authors: Lloyd Nicola
Published: May 2014

As we move towards the new millenium, there still is no sign of a national carers register being introduced.
An introduction to aromatherapy
Authors: Hall Gillian
Published: May 2014

Gillian Hall describes the therapeutic potential and clinical application of aromatherapy and discusses the challenges of establishing this form of intervention within the current health-care system.
How to… Instil eye drops
Authors: Field Dorothy
Published: May 2014

Many older people need to use eyedrops regularly. This article explains why this is so, the importance of these treatments, and how dependant clients may be assisted to continue treatment.
Not all a bed of roses
Authors: Rodway Simon
Published: May 2014

Simon Rodway highlights the importance of considering the needs of individual children in residential care during the Christmas festivities.
Larval therapy in the management of wounds
Authors: Courtenay M
Published: May 2014

M Courtenay describes the increasing role of larval therapy in wound management, the method of application of larval therapy to wounds and the mechanism by which the treatment works.
Debriding sloughy or necrotic wounds
Authors: Hampton Sylvie
Published: May 2014

In this article, Sylvie Hampton reviews various methods of debridement and gives the rationale for the application of each technique.
To die or not to die?
Authors: Burt Jenni
Published: May 2014

Do not resuscitate orders, living wills and other end-of-life issues are very emotive areas and can provoke great passion and well-thought out and strongly held views on either side of the debate. Here, the Voluntary Euthanasia Society argues their side of the debate.
Future reminiscence with music: a personal opinion
Authors: Blatch Gary
Published: May 2014

Background music is a common feature in many care homes. This article looks at the importance of considering individual tastes and preferences when using music, both formally or informally.
SELF-DIRECTED Learning
Authors: Yonwin Helen
Published: May 2014

This article by Helen Yonwin relates to unit O1 of the NVQ syllabus: Foster people's equality, diversity and rights.
Catering in nursing and residential homes
Authors: Innes-Farquhar Alison
Published: May 2014

Alison Innes-Farquhar evaluates the implications of proposed standards for catering in nursing and residential homes and provides an overview of good practice in this area.
The role of the resident: a personal view
Authors: Fletcher John
Published: May 2014

John Fletcher, whose experience of being a nursing home resident is extensive, suggests some pointers for home staff as to how they might permit greater resident participation in the home and listen to their views more, especially when a home is in danger of being closed down.
SELF-DIRECTED Learning
Authors: Yonwin Helen
Published: May 2014

This article by Helen Yonwin relates to unit Z19 of the NVQ syllabus: enabling clients to achieve physical comfort. Read the article carefully and then see if you can answer the questions below.
Social care
Authors: Johnson Nick
Published: May 2014

Nick Johnson suggests some steps which the care industry should take in order to ensure progress in the wake of the Waterhouse Report.
Occupational therapy activity as a treatment medium
Authors: Powlett Ylva
Published: May 2014

In this article, Ylva Powlett explores the theory and practice of occupational therapy and highlights how and why it uses activity and the role it plays in the rehabilitative process in an acquired brain injury unit.
Update on bathing solutions
Authors: Fitzgerald Julia
Published: May 2014

Julia Fitzgerald outlines recent work by the Medical Devices Agency looking at the ever increasing range of products available for bathing elderly and disabled people.
Rubella aftershock: the importance of immunisation
Authors: Brown Norman
Published: May 2014

Many parents are only too aware that children affected by congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) can develop problems as they get older. Norman Brown of deafblind charity Sense examines the research in this area.
Care Standards Act: the health-care perspective
Authors: Fermoy Peter
Published: May 2014

Without question, among the huge (both in terms of volume and the weight of significance) issues confronting providers of nursing and residential care, one looms largest.
Wound care: prevention is better than cure
Authors: Hampton Sylvie
Published: May 2014

Sylvie Hampton looks at the methods which can be used to prevent the development of pressure ulcers and looks at factors which affect their development.
Soul works: the relevance of spirituality to the workplace
Authors: Wright SG
Published: May 2014

Steve Wright looks at the importance of spirituality in daily life, and how this can be related to working practice and our relationships with our colleagues.
Self-Directed Learning
Authors: Yonwin Helen
Published: May 2014

This article by Helen Yonwin relates to unit Z1 of the NVQ syllabus: contribute to the protection of individuals from abuse.
Positive customer care
Authors: Ashurst Adrian
Published: May 2014

Adrian Ashurst describes the effect of good ‘customer care’ practices on customers and suggests that staff should be recognized whenever they exceed customer's expectations.
Book Reviews
Authors: Bennett Gerry
Published: May 2014

A problem with review sections is that they can tend to be vehicles for academics to write about each others work.
Malodorous and infected wounds: a patient-centred approach
Authors: Collier Mark
Published: May 2014

Mark Collier discusses the pathophysiology of malodorous and infected wounds and discusses a patient-centred approach to their treatment and management.
Acupuncture: what matters is that it works
Authors: Halvorsen Richard
Published: May 2014

Dr Richard Halvorsen introduces the history of acupuncture, evaluates its different types and forms and discusses its practical application in the treatment of a variety of injuries and illnesses.
Sexuality in care homes: expression or oppression?
Authors: Aylott Jill
Published: May 2014

Jill Aylott outlines some of the issues surrounding sexuality and its expression in care homes, and looks at the implications of the new Human Rights Act on care home practice.
The history of NVQ training
Authors: Barham Bob
Published: May 2014

In the first of this series, Bob Barham discusses the development of the NVQ system over the years and looks at how the changes in regulations and quality standards will affect NVQ training in the future.
Effective communication
Authors: Ashurst Adrian
Published: May 2014

Adrian Ashurst describes the importance of effective communications between care staff, residents and relatives, and suggests that accurate record keeping is vital in order to meet customer needs in a health-care setting.
Tackling elder abuse
Authors: Penhale Bridget , Manthorpe Jill
Published: May 2014

Bridget Penhale and Jill Manthorpe discuss the problem of elder abuse, how it has gradually become an issue of public concern and what is being done to combat it.
Caring for a resident who is deaf and blind
Authors: Todd Fiona
Published: May 2014

Fiona Todd discusses care for deafblind people and focuses specifically on the topic of communication and how carers can help and support deafblind people in this respect.
Simple back pain: is it so simple?
Authors: Jackson Val
Published: May 2014

Val Jackson highlights problems associated with back pain and considers actions to be taken in the event of an episode of back pain.
Personal development planning
Authors: Makinson Geoff
Published: May 2014

Learning and development and the perceived need for enhanced skills take differing forms. While it is helpful to produce personal development plans to express these needs, some organizations, despite ongoing recruitment and retention problems, can be reluctant to make a learning commitment.
An overview of the new regulatory framework
Authors: Cooper Jeremy
Published: May 2014

In the first article of a series on care home regulations, Professor Jeremy Cooper provides an overview of the components of the new regulatory framework that will come into effect from 1 April 2002 and how they will impact on the care home sector.
Constructive dismissal: pursuing a claim for unfair dismissal
Authors: Richardson Barbara
Published: May 2014

Barbara Richardson outlines the circumstances in which a claim for unfair dismissal can be pursued on the grounds of constructive dismissal.
Catering for residents with special dietary needs
Authors: Innes-Farquhar Alison
Published: May 2014

Alison Innes-Farquhar discusses catering for people with dementia, modifying and fortifying diets and how presentation and theme days can influence whether food is eaten and enjoyed.
Overcoming prejudice
Authors: Ashurst Adrian
Published: May 2014

In this article, Adrian Ashurst describes the impact that prejudice among staff can have on the delivery of customer care and suggests that formalized education programmes may help overcome this sensitive issue.
Parental leave: effects of the new regulations
Authors: Richardson Barbara
Published: May 2014

Barbara Richardson discusses the implications of the parental leave section of the new Maternity and Parental Leave Regulations for the reconciliation of parental and professional responsibilities for working families.
Management of lymphoedema in palliative care
Authors: McGovern Katie
Published: May 2014

In this article, Katie McGovern explains the causes of lymphoedema and looks at how the provision of treatment is organized. Interventions for lymphoedema in palliative care are described.
Therapeutic touch and the older person: healing and connecting
Authors: Wright Steve , Sayre-Adams Jean
Published: May 2014

Steve Wright and Jean Sayre-Adams discuss the place of touch and healing in the care of patients and outline the importance of incorporating this into a holistic care system.
How to… Set up an infection control policy in a care home
Authors: Merchant Roger
Published: May 2014

Residents in nursing and residential homes are particularly vulnerable to infection. It is therefore vital that a comprehensive infection policy is set up and followed within homes.
Responding to the continual changes in training delivery
Authors: Barham Bob
Published: May 2014

Bob Barham outlines some of the implications of the Key Skills Qualification for care and nursing training.
A close look at multisensory environments
Authors: Hong Chia Swee
Published: May 2014

Chia Swee Hong discusses multisensory environments and their effects on people with learning disabilities and reviews different perspectives on their usefulness.
A family focus: working with parents and family carers
Authors: Manthorpe Jill
Published: May 2014

In this article, Jill Manthorpe discusses how residential and nursing home staff should engage with the parents and family carers of people in their care who have learning disabilities.
Mental illness: an introduction
Authors: Montgomery Mark
Published: May 2014

The term mental illness is used to cover a range of different illnesses and disorders. This article gives an overview of the most common illness and disorders and of some of the ways in which they may manifest.
Management training for health-care professionals
Authors: Makinson Geoffrey
Published: May 2014

This article discusses the reasons behind the increasing popularity of management training for health-care managers and reviews two MBA and DMS programmes in health services management currently being offered.
Care homes regulations and the national minimum standards: 1
Authors: Cooper Jeremy
Published: May 2014

In the third article of this series on care home regulations, Professor Jeremy Cooper outlines some of the national minimum standards and regulations for care homes that will be in place from April 2002.
Employment tribunal reform
Authors: Richardson Barbara
Published: May 2014

Barbara Richardson outlines the new procedural provisions and flexible working mechanism contained in the Employment Act 2002.
Learning from a critical incident
Authors: Hong Chia Swee , Davies Charlotte
Published: May 2014

Chia Swee Hong and Charlotte Davies discuss the importance of critical reflection in care practice.
Respect patient confidentiality
Authors: Mangan Paul
Published: May 2014

I recently heard from a group of nursing home staff about the clients they had been caring for. At the end of their description of the individual medical conditions of the people involved, I was given a thoughtful insight into the way their relatives reacted during visits, which relatives visited less often and some thoughts about past family rifts that had given rise to hostilities between parents and children. I was then treated to evaluations of the rest of the home's staff, including toe-curling detail about one particular staff member's extra-marital relationships.
How to promote a healthy diet
Authors: Stanner Sara
Published: May 2014

Sara Stanner outlines the different dietary components and discusses the ways in which these can help promote a healthy lifestyle.
Care homes: complaints and appeals
Authors: Cooper Jeremy
Published: May 2014

Professor Jeremy Cooper surveys the various complaints and appeals procedures that are now available to residents and care home owners.
Insurance policies
Authors: Pearce Tony
Published: May 2014

Tony Pearce outlines what you should know about life assurance and critical illness insurance.
Assessing the needs of older people in care homes
Authors: Stewart Karen , Worden Angela , Challis David
Published: May 2014

The authors of this article describe how the Minimum Data Set/Resident Assessment Instrument provides a more standardized approach to care home assessment.
The art of reminiscence: working with life experiences
Authors: Brigham Lindsay
Published: May 2014

By focusing on the whole person, care home practice becomes more individualized, improving care relationships and quality of life. Lindsay Brigham looks at extracts from the Open University.
Management of arthritis in the care home
Authors: Smith Anabel B
Published: May 2014

Anabel B Smith gives an insight into osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis, and looks at a multidisciplinary approach to pain management, joint protection and mobility.
Exploring the benefits of aromatherapy: a case study
Authors: Ellwood Jane
Published: May 2014

Aromatherapist Jane Ellwood offers an holistic approach to caring for an elderly client with osteoporosis, explaining how different oils can give long-term benefits.
Pain in clients with dementia: advocacy, ethics and treatment
Authors: McClean William J
Published: May 2014

William J McClean considers how to advocate for clients with dementia during the treatment of pain, and suggests some of the ethical implications involved in such situations.