bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
New triazolothiadiazole and triazolothiadiazine derivatives as kinesin Eg5 and HIV inhibitors: synthesis, QSAR and modeling studies
Authors: Khan Imtiaz , Hameed Shahid , Al-Masoudi Najim A. , Abdul-Reda Nabeel A. , Simpson Jim
Published: August 2018

A new series of fused 1,2,4-triazoles, namely 6-aryl-3-(furan-2-yl)-[1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4]thiadiazoles 3a–h and 4a–f as well as 6-aryl-3-(furan-2-yl)-7H-[1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4]thiadiazines 5a–h, were synthesized by the condensation of 4-amino-5-(furan-2-yl)-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol (2) with substituted aromatic acids and phenacyl bromides, respectively. The structures of the newly synthesized compounds were established using spectroscopic analysis, while that of 3e was confirmed independently by a single-crystal X-ray structure determination. The compounds were evaluated for their antiviral activity against the replication of HIV-1 and HIV-2 in MT-4 cells using an MTT assay. In a docking study, 4b interacted with several amino acids in the reverse transcriptase (RT) binding site of HIV-1. Some new analogues were selected for evaluation of their Eg5 inhibitory activity using an in vitro malachite green ATPase assay. The QSAR of these new analogues was studied as well.
Synthesis of ferrocenyl aryl ethers via Cu(I)/phosphine catalyst systems
Authors: Frey Guido D. , Hoffmann Stephan D.
Published: August 2018

Ferrocenyl aryl ethers can be synthesized in good yields by Cu(I)/phosphine-catalyzed coupling reactions from iodoferrocene or 1,1′-dibromoferrocene and various phenols in toluene, using Cs2CO3 or K3PO4 as a base. For the first time a solid-state structure of a ferrocenyl-1,1′-diaryl ether [1,1′-di(4-tert-butylphenoxy)ferrocene] has been determined from single-crystal X-ray data. The mixed ferrocenyl aryl ether 1-(4-tert-butylphenoxy)-1′-(2,4-dimethylphenoxy)ferrocene was prepared in a two-step synthetic protocol.
Surface Properties of Plastocyanin at an Air-water Interface
Authors: Brody S. S.
Published: August 2018

The area/molecule, A, and surface potential, ⊿V , of plastocyanin (pcyan) at an air-water inter­ face varies with pH. At a pH of about 8.6 a maximum value is obtained for A and ⊿V. At a surface pressure of 3 dyn/cm A and ⊿V are 375 Å2 and 325 mV, respectively. The dipole moment is 2050 milliDebyes.

Pcyan and chlorophyll α (chl) form a mixed film (free energy of mixing and interaction is negative). At a concentration of [pcyan] / [chl] ≈ 1 a maximum interaction is observed both for ⊿V and A (at pH 7.8). Irradiation of the mixed film, in a nitrogen atmosphere, results in an increase in A and ⊿V.
β-Indolylessigsäure-(IES)-abhängiger K+-H +-Austauschmechanismus und Streckungswachstum bei Avena-Koleoptilen / A β-Indole Acetic Acid (IAA) Dependent K+-H+-Exchange Mechanism as Related to Growth of Avena Coleoptiles
Authors: Haschke H.-P. , Lüttge U.
Published: August 2018

β-Indole acetic acid (IAA) (10-7 - 10-5
M) enhanced elongation of Avena coleoptiles is shown to be correlated with increased K+ net influx and H+ net efflux. The data suggest a 1:1 exchange of K+ and H+. It is suggested that an IAA controlled K+-H+-exchange pump is involved in IAA regula­tion of elongation.
Kinetic Study of the Formation of the Radiolysis Products of Cytosine Resulting from the Deamination Pathway
Authors: Polverelli M. , Teoule R.
Published: August 2018

After gamma irradiation of cytosine in aerated aqueous solution, yields of chemical radiation products belonging to the deamination pathway were measured. Primary stable radiolysis products, such as 5,6-dihydroxy-5,6-dihydro-uracil cis and trans forms, were present with G values lower than those obtained in the radiolysis of uracil irradiated under the same conditions. Cytosine had the same radiosensitivity as uracil (G= -2.49).
Notizen: Pilzpigmente, XXII Grevillin D, der Hauptfarbstoff von Suillus granulatus, S.luteus und S.placidus (Boletales)/ Pigments of Fungi, XXII Grevillin D, the Main Pigment of Suillus granulatus, S. luteus and S. placidus (Boletales)
Authors: Besl Helmut , Michler Ilona , Preuß Regina , Steglich Wolfgang
Published: August 2018

The new pyrone derivative grevillin D (3) has been iso­lated from several Suillus species. Its structure has been established by spectral data, taking advantage of large pyri­dine solvent shifts in the 1H-N M R spectrum . 3 may be derived biogenetically from grevillin B (1) via an oxidative rearrangement.
Infrared and Raman Spectroscopic Study of Isocytosine
Authors: Delabar Jean-Maurice
Published: August 2018

Isocytosine and isocytosine-d3 crystals have been investigated at 300 K, 90 K, and 10 K by infrared spectroscopy; the Raman spectra of crystals and solutions in H2O , D2O have also been studied. Using these data and the frequency group approximation we propose assignments of the fundamental molecular frequencies. Eleven lattice vibration frequencies have been observed in absorption and nine in diffusion.
Isolierung und Identifizierung der Flavon(ol)glykoside der Endivien (Cichorium endivia L.) und des Kopfsalates (Lactuca sativa L.) / Isolation and Identification of the Flavon(ol) glycosides of the Endive (Cichorium endivia L.) and the Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L .)
Authors: Wöldecke M. , Herrmann K .
Published: August 2018

For the first time, quercetin-3-β-ᴅ-glucuronide, quercetin-3-β-ᴅ-glucoside, quercetin-3-(O-malonyl) -β-ᴅ-glucoside and luteolin-7-/9-ᴅ-glucuronide were isolated from lettuce and kaempferol-3-β-D-glucuronide and kaempferol-3-β-ᴅ-glucoside from endives as crystals. The flavonol glucuronides are the main glycosides. Moreover a glycoside was found in endives which is very probably identical with kaempferol-3-(O-malonyl) -β-ᴅ-glucoside.
Control by Phytochrome of the Level of Nicotinamide Nucleotides in the Cotyledons of the Mustard Seedling
Authors: Frosch S. , Wagner E. , Mohr H.
Published: August 2018

Long-term and short-term effects of phytochrome on the levels ("tissue contents") of NAD, NADH2 , NADP and NADPH2 were measured in the cotyledons of the mustard (Sinapis alba L.) seedling. It was found that long-term far-red light (which is considered to operate exclusively via active phytochrome, Pfr) strongly increases the levels of NADP and NADPH2 , whereas this light treatment suppresses the levels of NAD and NADH2 below the levels present in the cotyledons of the dark grown seedling. The high levels of NADP and NADPH2 as well as the low levels of NADP2 (and probably also NAD) are actively being maintaned by the far-red light. In experiments with light pulses it was found that a red light pulse causes a rapid but transient rise in the level of NADPH2 under all circumstances (dark-grown seedlings and seedlings pretreated with long-term far-red lig h t). The operational criteria for the involvement of phytochrome (Pfr) are fulfilled. In the case of NADP a significant rise of the level following a red light pulse could only be observed if the seedlings were pretreated with long-term far-red light. Dark-grown seedlings do not significantly respond. In the case of NAD and NADP2 no significant changes could be induced by light pulses either in dark-grown seedlings or in seedlings pretreated with long-term far-red light. It is concluded that NADPH2 does neither originate from NADP2 nor from NADP. It is further concluded that it is unlikely that nicotinamide nucleotides are links in any causal chain originating from Pfr and leading to phenomena of photomorphogenesis. We favour the con­cept that the phytochrome-mediated changes caused by light pulses occur in the plastids.
Erläuterungen zum Resonanzmodell der Karzinogenese * / Some Remarks on a Resonance Hypothesis of Carcinogenesis
Authors: Popp F.A.
Published: August 2018

Resonance Hypothesis, Carcinogenesis, Polycyclic Hydrocarbons Three criteria for carcinogenic polycyclic hydrocarbons, which are to be satisfied, are discussed in regard to a resonance-hypothesis of carcinogenesis. According to this hypo­ thesis, the carcinogenic effect is caused by a Fermi-resonance between α-states and p-states which possibly leads to the breakage of pairing theorem by an asymmetric potential, in certain cases caused by vibronic coupling.
13C-Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Investigations of Xanthine and Some of its N-Methylated Derivatives
Authors: Nicolau Claude , Hildenbrand Knut
Published: August 2018

The 13C-Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectra of xanthine, 1,3-dimethyl-xanthine (theophylline), 3,7-dimethyl xanthine (theobromine) and 1,3,7-trimethylxanthine (caffeine) were obtained and the lines assigned. Protonation-and N-Methylation parameters are derived by comparison of the 13C-chemical shifts of the protonated cations with those of the neutral molecules and also with those of the xanthine cation. The shifts are discussed in terms of variations in the shielding at the different C-atoms induced by N-methylation and protonation. Approximate correlations are found between the 13C-chemical shifts and the π-electron densities at the C-atoms
On the Mechanism of Photosynthetic Oxygen Reduction by Isolated Chloroplast Lamellae
Authors: Elstner Erich F. , Heupel Adelheid
Published: August 2018

Ferredoxin-stimulated photosynthetic oxygen reduction and concommitant decarboxylation of glyoxylate by chloroplast lamellar systems is inhibited by ascorbate but ferredoxin dependent NADP+-reduction is not. In the presence of low potential electron acceptors (AQ or MV) this influence of ascorbate on glyoxylate decarboxylation by chloroplast lamellar systems is no longer observed.

Using the diaphorase activity of NADP-ferredoxin reductase either bound to the chloroplast lamellar system or as an isolated enzyme fraction glyoxylate decarboxylation in the dark can be observed in the presence of NADPH + H+ and autooxidizable electron acceptors (AQ, MY, fer­ redoxin). The influence of ascorbate on this dark reaction, depends on whether the activity of the isolated or the lamellae-bound enzyme is measured:

1. With the isolated enzyme no influence of ascorbate on AQ-, MV-or ferredoxin-stimulated glyoxylate decarboxylation is observed.

2. The dark-reaction with NADPH + H+ as electron donor, catalyzed by the bound enzyme however is inhibited by ascorbate both in the presence of either ferredoxin or AQ. This and other observations support the view that the site of inhibition by ascorbate of oxygen reduction by chloroplast lamellar systems in the presence of ferredoxin is not identical with either the reducing side of photosystem I, ferredoxin or NADP-ferredoxin reductase. The site of inhibition by ascor­ bate is more likely connected with an additional pathway involved in photosynthetic oxygen re­ duction by chloroplast lamellar systems, which is located at the reducing side of photosystem I, i. e. in the vicinity of the NADP-ferredoxin reductase. By heat treatment of isolated chloroplast lamellar systems a factor is released showing the activity of an ascorbate-sensitive oxygen reductant upon illumination in the presence of chloroplast lamellar systems. A model for photosynthetic oxygen reduction is proposed which includes ferredoxin and a membrane-bound oxygen reductant in series. Oxygen reduction by this pathway is only operating when the available NADP is fully reduced
Über das Vorkommen von Muscaflavin bei Hygroeyben (Agaricales) und seine Dihydro- azepin-Struktur 1,2 / Isolation of Muscaflavin from Hygrocybe Species (Agaricales) and Its Dihydroazepine Structure
Authors: Ardenne R. von , Döpp H. , Musso H. , Steglich W.
Published: August 2018

Sporophores of Hygrocybe species (Agaricales) contain muscaflavin, a pigment recently isolated from Amanita muscaria. Spectroscopic and chemical evidence for its dihydroazepine structure 5a is presented, indicating a close biogenetic relationship to betalamic acid 6a. The chemical nature of the water soluble pigments of Hygrocybe is dis­ cussed
The tympanal trachea as an integral part of the ear in acripeza reticulata guerin (orthoptera, tettigonioidea)
Authors: Nocke Harald
Published: August 2018

The functional role of the large trachea which runs from a spiracle in the thorax down the leg (tympanal trachea) was analysed in relation to the tympanal organ. The tympanal trachea not only tunes the tympanal organ to a certain frequency (Fig. 1) but is important for the directional sense of hearing in the whole animal. The directional sensitivity of the ear depends only on the relative positions of the spiracle of the tympanal trachea and the direction of sound (Fig. 2), irrespective of the foreleg walking position
Die Wirkung von Phytochrom auf die Bildung von Einzelcarotinoiden in etiolierten Horde um -Keimlingen / The Influence of Phytochrome on the Formation of Individual Carotenoids in Etiolated Hordeum Seedlings
Authors: Kleudgen Hans K. , Lichtenthaler Hartmut K.
Published: August 2018

Short time red pulses, given 6 times for 5 min within 36 h, induce in etiolated barley seedlings an enhanced synthesis of the main chloroplast carotenoids β-carotene, violaxanthine, lutein and neoxanthine. The level of antheraxanthine and zeaxanthine decreases by red light treatment. These red light effects are reverted by subsequent short time far-red pulses. The results show that the white light induced change in the accumulation rate of individual carotenoids is initiated and regulated by active phytochrome Pfr . In the case of neoxanthin and zeaxanthin the red light effects cannot be fully reverted by far-red; this points to very fast phytochrome reaction.
Phalloidin-Induced Proliferation of Actin Filaments within Rat Hepatocytes
Authors: Agostini B. , Govindan V. M. , Wieland Th.
Published: August 2018

Confirming our previous ultrastructural and biochemical studies, the combined electron microscopy and immunofluorescence investigations show that phalloidin causes a characteristically striking increase of actin filaments within rat hepatocytes. Filaments are localized mainly at the level of special junctional complexes between contiguous cells and around bile canaliculi.
Stickstoff-Ausscheidung durch N 2-fixierende Blaualgen, III / Nitrogen Excretion by Nitrogen Fixing Blue-green Algae, III
Authors: Pohl P. , Rath G.
Published: August 2018

The total combined nitrogen (850 //mol N/1) excreted by the nitrogen fixing blue-green alga, A nabaena cylin drica, during growth in an artificial nutrient medium, was subsequently utilized to a different degree by various green algae. Two species of filamentous green algae, Chlorhormidium spec, (strain I) and Chlorhorm idium spec, (strain II), proved to be most suitable: When grown in the above nitrogen-enriched medium after removal of A nabaena cylindrica, they lowered the nitrogen level in the medium from 850 to 460 - 600//mol N/1 within 29 days. When another nitrogen fixing blue-green alga, Anabaena solitaria, was grown under unsterile conditions in mixtures of freshwater and seawater with trace elements (Fe, Mn, and Mo) added, nitrogen levels of 1000 - 1060 //mol N/1 were obtained. These levels were subsequently lowered to 530 - 570 //mol N/1 by the two species of Chlorhorm idium . Under appropriate growth conditions, the combined nitrogen excreted by Anabaena solitaria can possibly be utilized as a nitrogen source for green algae
Testosterone Metabolism in Streptomyces hydrogenans
Authors: Markert Claus , Betz Brigitte , Träger Lothar
Published: August 2018

Testosterone, Androst-4-en-3,17-dione, Enzyme Induction, S trep to m yces hydrogenans After cultivation of S trep to m yces hydrogenan s in the presence of 3H-labelled testosterone, radio­ active steroids were extracted separately from the cytosolic, ribosomal and cell wall-membrane fraction of the cells and from the culture medium, respectively.. The separation of the steroids was performed by one-and two-dimensional thin layer chromatography (TLC). The identification of the main metabolites was achieved by crystallization to constant specific radioactivity, specific staining procedures and acetylation. The oxidation of testosterone to androst-4-en-3,17-dione is by far the predominating reaction, which is almost finished after 3 h cultivation. Androst-4-en-3,17-dione is mainly transferred into the culture medium and partly accumulated within the cell wall-membrane fraction. High polar steroid metabolites and androstane derivatives are present in very small amounts only.
Quercetin-3β-D-(6-0-galloyl-galactosid), ein Inhaltsstoff von Arctostaphylosuvaursi (L.) Spreng. (Ericaceae) / Quercetine-3β-D-(6-O-galloyl-galactoside), a Constituent of Arctostaphylosuvaursi (L.) Spreng. (Ericaceae)
Authors: Geiger Hans , Schücker Ursula , Waldrum Hugh , Velde George Vander , Mabry Tom J.
Published: August 2018

In addition to known constituents have been isolated from the leaves of Arctostaphylosuvaursi quercetine-β-D- (6-O-galloyl-galactoside), two isomeric quercetine-3-arabinosides and myricetine-β-ᴅ-galactoside
Respiratory Electron Flow and ATPase System in Photosynthetically Grown Rhodopseudomonas palustris
Authors: Knobloch Karl
Published: August 2018

Photosynthesis, Rhodopseudomonas palustris, Respiration Chain, Electron Retardation, ATPase Rhodopseudomonas palustris is grown photosynthetically on thiosulfate. As pointed out earlier, the chromatophore deficient cell-free fraction S-144,000 catalyzes the thiosulfate-linked ATP-dependent reversal of electron transfer in anaerobiosis, thus providing reducing equivalents in the form of NADH. Under aerobic conditions, this fraction also catalyzes the oxidation of NADH, ferro-cytochrome c, or ascorbate. ATP, ADP, and PPi are active in retarding the aerobic electron flow. The electron retardation is stimulated by the addition of Mg2+ due to a Mg2+-stimulated ATPase present. The ATPase system in S-144,000 hydrolyzes ATP, ADP, and P Pi. Similarly, ATP or ADP or even PPi can function as energy sources in order to achieve the reduction of pyridine nucleotide. The ATPase turnover is diminished by NADH or NAD+. Admixture of ascorbate results in an increased ATPase activity. Exactly the enhanced amount of adenine nucleotide hydrolysis caused by the addition of ascorbate is inhibited by cyanide.
Die Sulfitreduktase aus Spinacia oleracea — ein Ferredoxin- abhängiges Enzym / A Ferredoxin-linked Sulfite Reductase from Spinacia oleracea
Authors: Hennies H.-H.
Published: August 2018

A sulfite reductase from spinach has been purified 125 fold. Throughout all stages of purification the reduction of sulfite has been found dependent on ferredoxin. Reduced ferredoxin has been provided either by photosynthetic reduction in isolated, broken chloroplasts or by NADPH via the ferredoxin-NADP-oxidoreductase. During the purification procedure ferredoxin as electrondonor has been replaced by reduced methylviologen.
Charakterisierung von Messenger-Ribonukleoproteiden aus Hefezellen / Characterization of Messenger Ribonucleoproteins from Yeasts
Authors: Holz Hartmut , Scholing Lerke
Published: August 2018

A method to produce in 15 min stable sphaeroplasts from yeasts of the early log-phase is described. This method was used to isolate polysomes, after specific radioactive labelling of mRNA. The mRNP *-particles, isolated from polysomes, have sedimentation-coefficients from 10 to 80S and a density of 1.4 g/cm3, the polysomes a density of 1.58 g/cm3 and the ribosomes a density of 1.61 g/cm3.
The Com petition Dialysis Method. A Possible Application: The Determination of Association Constants for Complexes of Tightly Bound or Labile Apoproteins
Authors: Mermier Pierre
Published: August 2018

Association The competition dialysis is based on the competition for a ligand between a macromolecule and an excess of another molecule able to form a diffusible complex with this ligand. The procedure used the Colowick’s cell and is proposed for determining association constants of complexes which contain tightly bound or labile apoproteins.
Polymergebundenes Puromycin / Resin Linked Puromycin
Authors: Seela Frank
Published: August 2018

A biospecific resin for the retardation of ribosomal pep-tidyltransferase by affinity chromatography was prepared by condensing the α-amino group of puromycin with the N-hydroxysuccinimide ester of CH-Sepharose 4B to yield the resin-linked puromycin derivative 4.
Main Flavonoids from Pseudolarix am abilis Leaves
Authors: Niemann Gerard J.
Published: August 2018

Needles of Pseudolarix amabilis contain one principal flavonoid, which was identified as myricetin-3-rhamnoside. Myricetin-3-glucoside, quercetin-3-rhamnoside, kaempferol-3-glucoside, kaempferol-3-(ferulylglucoside) and kaempferol-3-(p-coumarylglucoside) were present in much lower concentration.
Molecular Arrangement of DNA in Nucleohistone
Authors: Basu S.
Published: August 2018

Several optical and hydrodynamic properties of purified nucleohistone have indicated that the secondary structure of DNA in nucleohistone is slightly different both from the structures of native and denatured DNA in solution. It has been suggested that while histones stabilize the overall DNA-structure they incorporate into the latter some denaturation defects.

Rotational diffusion studies of acridine-orange complexes of whole and dehistonized nucleohistones have indicated that nucleohistone should contain a single continuous DNA molecule. The contour length of the DNA molecule would be about 2 to 3 times the end-to-end distance of nucleohistone.

Polarized fluorescence microscopy and linear dichroism studies of whole nucleohistone have given an average estimate (about 30% of the total DNA) of oriented DNA in nucleohistone. The degree and the direction of maximum polarization of fluorescence from the dye complexes of whole and partial (i. e. partially dissociated) nucleohistones have been studied. From these studies, it is proposed that no single supercoiled arrangement of the DNA in nucleohistone is tenable.

The combined results of all these studies suggest that the basic nucleohistone molecule contains coiled and extended DNA regions. The proportion of the lengths of the DNA constrained in the coiled and the extended regions is about 7:3. Only two probable models or classes have this quantitative feature of the DNA-arrangement and have been discussed.
Electrophysiological Evidence for Different Colour Receptors in One Ommatidium of the Bee Eye
Authors: Menzel R.
Published: August 2018

Spectral and spatial sensitivity were determined in several retinula cells of the worker bee eye during one penetration with a microelectrode. Pairs of retinula cells were found, which differed in their spectral sensitivity, but had nearly identical fields of view. From this result it is concluded that ommatidia in the worker bee eye are not colour specific, but consist of different colour receptor typs. The consequences for the functional organisation of the fused rhabdom are shortly discussed.
Sehreckrufe von Rana r. ridibunda Pallas (Amphibia, Anura) / Distress Calls of Rana r. ridibunda Pallas (Amphibia, Anura)
Authors: Weber Ernst
Published: August 2018

The duration of the pulsed distress calls of Rana r. ridibunda ranges from 200 to 600 msec. Calls with regularily built pulses exhibit a mixed spectrum (up to 8 kHz) consisting of unharmonious and harmonious frequencies. The latter ones are frequency-modulated.
The Use of Lissamine Rhodamine B Conjugated Antibody for the Detection of Tobacco Mosaic Virus Antigen in Tomato Mesophyll Protoplasts
Authors: Cassells A. C. , Gatenby A. A.
Published: August 2018

A method is described for the preparation and use of Lissamine Rhodamine B conjugated antibody for the detection of Tobacco Mosaic Virus antigen in mesophyll protoplasts of tomato.
The Effect of Deoxycholate-Treatment to the Photoreactions of the Active Pigments in Photosynthesis
Authors: Döring Günter
Published: August 2018

In the heavy fraction of deoxycholate-treated spinach chloroplasts the chlorophyll an activity is high and the chlorophyll aI activity is low when no artificial electron donor is added. The addition of the photosystem I donor system N-methyl-phenazonium sulphate plus sodium ascorbate (PMS + Asc) leads to a complete reactivation of the chlorophyll aI reaction. The addition of the photo­system II donor system p-benzohydroquinone plus sodium ascorbate (HQ + Asc) leads to an inhibition of the chlorophyll aII activity.

From these results we conclude:

1. Besides an interruption of the linear electron flow between the two photosystems deoxycholate-treatment leads to a block of the electron flow from water to photosystem II.

2. In deoxycholate-treated chloroplasts the linear electron flow in photosystem II just like in Triswashed, heat-treated or aged chloroplasts, is replaced by a cyclic one.
Fractionated Precipitation of Acid Macropolyanions by Dialysis, a Simple Method for the Estimation of DNA in Complex Biological Samples
Authors: Seibert Gerhard , Zahn Rudolf K.
Published: August 2018

After efficient extraction by para-aminosalicylate, (hopping, grinding and eventual sonication, the macropolyanions are transformed into their cetyltrimethylammonium salts. These have differing solubilities, strongly depending on ionic strength. The cationic detergent-macropolyanionic salts are solubilized by high salt concentration. Salt is then dialysed out, rendering the polyanions highly insoluble in a sequential fashion. The insolubilized components are determined quantitatively by monitoring turbidity, which in case of DNA is strictly proportionate to its concentration. This relation is not affected by other components. This makes DNA determination possible even in crude aqueous extracts.

The method has been applied to different objects, such as bacteria, plants, animals, soil and activated sludge. The method may prove to be especially useful in research of environmental poisons e. g. in rivers, lakes or clarifiers.
Characterization of Mitochondrial D N A from the Pika (Ochotona rufescens rufescens)
Authors: Lesca Claire , Moisand Andre , Puget Alain
Published: August 2018

Further to anatomical and physiological studies performed on the pika (Ochotona rufescens

rufescens), a new laboratory animal, the main characteristics of the mitochondrial DNA from its liver are defined. The buoyant density of this DNA is 1.695 g/cm3, its length 5.30 µm, i.e., 3.17 times that of the replicative form of ΦX 174. It could have approximatively 16 500 base pairs.

The DNA from the pika is very similar to that of the rat or the rabbit, although these animals show great physiological differences.
Reversible Transformation of Precipitated and Nonprecipitated Lipoproteins Recombined from Proteins and Lipids of Erythrocyte Membranes
Authors: Berger K. U. , Schubert D.
Published: August 2018

The sedimentation at low speed centrifugation of a lipoprotein recombined from the lipids, and the strongly bound proteins of the human erythrocyte membrane depends on pH : between 4.5 and 6.0, most of the liproprotein sediments, whereas at pH 7.0 - 8.5, up to 90% remains in the supernatant. Precipitation of the lipoprotein can be reversed by increasing the pH, followed by a brief sonication. The mobility of spin-labelled protein groups in the lipoprotein increases with increasing pH. This mobility increase is also reversible and is of equal magnitude in precipitated and nonprecipitated recombinates. It is concluded that, because of these reversibilities, determination of the yield of liproprotein formation in recombination experiments must include analysis of both precipitated and nonprecipitated lipoproteins.
Notizen: The Accessory Sex Glands as the Repository for Juvenile Hormone in Male Cecropia Moths
Authors: Shirk Paul , Dahm Karl , Roller Herbert
Published: August 2018

Gas chromatographic determinations, bioassays, and radio­ labelling experiments show that the juvenile hormone in adult male Hyalophora cecropia is accumulated exclusively in the accessory sex glands. Moths do not store measurable quantities of juvenile hormone if their accessory sex glands are removed shortly after adult eclosion.
Nutritional Requirement for 4-Aminobenzoate Caused by Mutation of Dihydropteroate Synthetase
Authors: Rappold Helmut , Bacher Adelbert
Published: August 2018

Aerobacter aerogenes mutant 62-1 AC requires high concentrations of 4-aminobenzoate for growth. The mutant accumulates N-glucosyl-4-aminobenzoate and has an intact 4-aminobenzoate synthetase (Bacher, Gilch, Rappold, and Lingens, Z. Naturforsch. 28c, 614 - 617 [1973]). On the other hand the ability of the mutant to synthesize dihydropteroate is markedly reduced. The dihydropteroate synthetase level of mutant 62-1 AC is 1% as compared to the parent strain. Spontaneous revertants of mutant 62-1 AC show wild type levels of dihydropteroate synthetase. We conclude that the requirement for 4-aminobenzoate in mutant 62-1 AC is due to poor utilization of 4-aminobenzoate as a consequence of the low level of dihydropteroate synthetase activity.
Zur Wirkung von N-Methyl-N-β-chloräthylhydrazin und seinem Benzaldehydhydrazon auf die RNA -und Proteinsynthese sowie Stoffwechsel von synchronisierten Hefezellen / Effect of N-Methyl-N-β-chloroethylhydrazine and Its Benzaldehydhydrazone on RNA- and Protein Synthesis as Soon as Metabolism of Synchronously Growing Yeast Cells ( Saccharomyces cerevisiae)
Authors: Braun R , Lange H. , Mangold U. , Mangold R.
Published: August 2018

N-methyl-N-β-chloroethylhydrazine and its benzaldehydhydrazone inhibit the influx of [6-3H]- uracil and ʟ- [U-14C] leucin in yeast cells as well as the incorporation in RNA and protein. Experi­ments with synchronously and asynchronously growing cells showed the N-methyl-N-β-chloroethyl- hydrazine essentially influences the dividing phase while the benzaldehydhydrazone is more ef­fective in the growthphase. The effect of these two substances on respiration, glycolysis and the concentration of fructose-1,6-diphosphate, triose phosphate, and adenosine triphosphate is small.
Kontakt von Agrobacterium mit Wundrandzellen als Vorbedingung für eine Tumorinduktion / Contact of Agrobacterium with Wound Cells as a Prerequisite of Tumor Induction
Authors: Beiderbeck Rolf
Published: August 2018

Tumor induction by Agrobacterium tumefaciens on Kalanchoe leaves is suppressed by charcoal mixed with the inoculum. The inhibition works best with a certain mass relation between bacteria and charcoal. The bacteria become adsorbed to the charcoal particles and in this state they are unable to induce tumors. If charcoal is added to bacteria-infected wounds only 15 min after infection it is not interfering with tumor formation. These results are supporting the hypothesis of sites in the wound to which Agrobacterium has to be attached to incite tumors.
Notizen: Über das Vorkom men von Acetylcholinesterase (E.C. 3.1.1.7) in der H äm olym phe der Miesmuschel Mytilus edulis / Occurrence of an Acetylcholinesterase (E.C. 3.1.1.7) in the Haemolymph of the Mussel Mytilus edulis
Authors: Wachtendonk Dettmar von
Published: August 2018

A Cholinesterase deriving from the hemolymph of the mussel Mytilus edulis was partially purified by use of gel-permeation and ion-exchange chromatography; the specifity to different substrates or inhibitors indicates clearly the occurrence of a “true” acetylcholinesterase.
Absorption and Transport of Pb2+ in Young Pea Seedlings
Authors: Kannan Seshadri , Keppel Hans
Published: August 2018

Pb2+ Uptake Short-term experiments were carried out to understand the mechanism of absorption and transport of Pb2+ in young pea seedlings. It was found that considerable fraction of Pb2+ absorbed could be exchanged with Ca2+ in the medium. Furthermore, increasing concentrations of Ca2+, Mg2+, or K+ in the absorption medium significantly reduced the absorption of Pb2+. Uptake of Pb2+ was largely non-metabolic, as shown by its insensitivity to temperature changes and the presence of a metabolic inhibitor.

Presence of Pb2+ in the medium was highly inihibitory to the absorption of micronutrients, viz., Fe2+, Mn2+, and Zn2+. The inhibition appeared to be of a physical nature, like blocking the entry or binding of the ions to the ion-carrier.
Ein neues cyanogenes Glykosid aus der Rosacee Sorbaria arborea / A New Cyanogenic Glycoside from Sorbaria arborea (Rosaceae)
Authors: Nahrstedt Adolf
Published: August 2018

A new cyanogenic glycoside was isolated from Sorbaria arborea L. (Rosaceae) and identified as 2-β-ᴅ-glucopyranosyloxy-4-p-hydroxybenzoyloxy-3-methylenbutyronitrile (cardiospermin-p-hydroxybenzoate) mainly by 1H-NMR-spectroscopy. The new glycoside is atypical for this family known for its mandelonitrileglycosides.
Sex Pheromone of Eupoecilia ambiguella: cis-9-Dodecenyl Acetate as a Major Component
Authors: Am Heinrich , Rauscher Stefan , Buser Hans-Rudolf , Roelofs Wendell L.
Published: August 2018

The electroantennogram-active compound in abdominal tip extracts of E. ambiguella females was identified as cis-9-dodecenyl actetate. The compound was present at a level of 25 ng per female and absent in a male extract. The synthetic chemical shows prominent electroantennogram activity, elicits a mating dance response in the males, and is attractive in the field. The results indicate that cis-9-dodecenyl acetate is a major component of the E. ambiguella sex pheromone.
Conformation-Controlled Trans-Effect of the Proximal Histidine in Haemoglobins. An Electron Spin Resonance Study of Monomeric Nitrosyl-57Fe-Haemoglobins
Authors: Overkamp Matthias , Twilfer Hans , Gersonde Klaus
Published: August 2018

A monomeric allosteric haemoglobin from Chironomus thummi thummi was reconstituted with 57Fe-haem. This reconstituted haemoglobin was found to be identical to the non-reconstituted material with regard to the O2-binding properties and the visible spectra. The 270 MHz proton magnetic resonance of the bis(cyano)-57Fe-haemin shows that the reconstituted haem is identical with the non-reconstituted haem. Furthermore it has been proved by proton magnetic resonance that in Chironomus haemoglobins the prosthetic group is proto-haem IX.

The ESR spectrum of the native nitrosyl haemoglobin demonstrates rhombic symmetry of the haem iron (gxx = 2.086, gyy=1.981, gzz=2.005) and hyperfine structures at gyy (aNε = 1.35 mT) and at gzz (a15NO = 3.05 mT, a14NO = 2.19 mT, aNε=0.715mT, a57Fe = 0.38 mT). The spectrum is independent of pH and can be classified as a type II spectrum following the classification of ref. 2. NO-binding obviously stabilizes the tertiary structure of this haemoglobin in a “tense” conformation with a relatively strong o bond of the 5th ligand (Nε of imidazole) and a relatively weak o bond of the 6th ligand (NO).

Reaction of this haemoglobin with anionic, cationic and non-ionic detergents, respectively, leads to a transformation of the NO-ligated form into a “relaxed” conformation with a stretched or broken a bond of the 5th ligand (Nε of imidazole) and a strong σ bond of the 6th ligand (NO). The ESR spectrum of this modified NO-haemoglobin shows again a rhombic symmetry of the haem iron (gxx = 2.10, gyy = 2.06, gzz=2.010), but dramatically changes in the g tensors (low field shift), hyperfine structures and hyperfine splitting constants (a15NO=2.32 mT, a14 NO = 1.66 mT, a57Fe = 0.48 mT). The hyperfine splitting is isotropic.

Transition from the “tense” conformation to the “relaxed” conformation corresponds with an increase of the spin density at the iron atom by 26% and a decrease of the spin density at the NO ligand by 25%. The spin density at the Nε of imidazole strongly decreases in the “relaxed” conformation, so that a hyperfine splitting of this ligand is not any more resolved. These results demonstrate the trans-effect of the proximal imidazole which in haemoglobins controls the binding properties of the external ligand in trans-position.
Regulation of Intracellular Pyrophosphatase-Activity and Conservation of the Phosphoanhydride-Energy of Inorganic Pyrophosphate in Microbial Metabolism
Authors: Klemme Jobst-Heinrich
Published: August 2018

The Conservation of the phosphoanhydride-energy of inorganic pyrophosphate (PP) in micro­bial metabolism requires a stringent metabolic control of the intracellular pyrophosphatases (PPases, EC 3.6.1.1). In this article, the rate of intracellular PP-liberation during biosynthesis of cellular constituents is calculated from the specific growth rate and the macromolecular composition of the respective microorganism. This rate is compared with the maximal specific activity of PPase in cell free extracts or purified enzyme preparations in order to investigate the possibility of the limitation of biosynthesis through PPase-activity. The catalytic and regulatory properties of microbial PPases are discussed in respect to the occurrence of PP-dependent transphosphorylases. The evidence showing that certain anaerobic microorganisms including photosynthetic bacteria, can use PP instead of ATP as phosphate donor for transphosphorylation reactions will be discussed.
The Determination of the DNA Base Composition in 19 Species of Adriatic Sponges with High-Pressure Liquid Cation-Exchange Chromatography
Authors: Breter Hans-Joachim , Hundt Ferdinand , Zahn Rudolf K.
Published: August 2018

The (adenine + thymine)/(guanine + cytosine) base ratios of 19 species of adriatic sponges have been determined by high-pressure liquid cation-exchange chromatography. The base ratios vary from 1.49 (Mycale massa) to 0.63 (Hippospongia communis) according to an (A+T) content of 59.7 and 38.6 mol%, respectively.

The DNAs of sponges of the order Keratosa showed marked differences in their (A +T) contents (39.5 to 58.8 mol%) whereas those of Tetractinellida and Halichondrina were nearly identical (39.3 to 40.8 and 49.5 to 49.8 mol%, respectively).

The 5-methylcytosine (5MC) content was determined in 8 sponge DNAs by a semiquantitative method. The values differed from 0.8 to 2.2 mol% of 5MC.
Incorporation of T4 Phage DNA into a Specific DNA Fraction from the Higher Plant Matthiola incana
Authors: Gradmann-Rebel Waltraud , Hemleben Vera
Published: August 2018

Isolated T4 phage DNA (ϱ = 1.694 g/ml) is applied to seedlings of the crucifer Maltliiola incana (DNA density ϱ = 1.698 g/ml). The phage DNA can partly be reextracted from the plants in a specific DNA fraction, which is predominantly characterized by its unusual high density (high density complex = HDC; ϱ = 1.724 g/ml).

DNA: DNA hybridization studies show that phage specific DNA sequences are preserved in the HDC. Results of BrdUrd labeling of the plant DNA before and during incubation with T4 DNA suggest that the HDC is composed of T4 DNA and a plant DNA component of high density. The analysis of ultrasonicated HDC confirms this suggestion.

The ability of plant cells to recognize and handle T4 DNA specifically is discussed.
On the Cross-Section Structure of the Mitochondrial Cristae-Membrane as Revealed by X-Ray Diffraction
Authors: Müller-Klieser W , Kreutz W
Published: August 2018

Mitochondria were isolated using sorbitol and high buffer concentration in the medium. X-ray diffraction patterns arising from the mitochondrial cristae-membrane were recorded in the fully dried state and in two different states in humidity. The Q-function evaluation of these X-ray dif­fraction diagrams resulted in electron density cross-section profiles, which consist of two main peaks of opposite sign and one, respectively two, smaller peaks. The total thickness of the membrane amounts to 120 Å in the dry and 140 Å to 160 Å in the wet state.An interpretation of the cross-section profile is tentatively proposed.
The Structure of Lipids and Proteins Studied by Attenuated Total Reflection (ATR) Infrared Spectroscopy II. Oriented Layers of a Homologous Series: Phosphatidylethanolamine to Phosphatidylcholine
Authors: Fringeli U. P.
Published: August 2018

Polarized infrared ATR spectra of dry oriented multilayers of dipalmitoylphosphatidylethanol- amine, sheep brain phosphatidylethanolamine, dipalmitoylphosphatidyl-N-methylethanolamine, dipalmitoylphosphatidyl-N-N-dimethylethanolamine, dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine and egg phos­phatidylcholine are reported. Structural features of hydrocarbon chains and polar headgroups are discussed. The average deviation of hydrocarbon chains from the normal to the plane of the bi­layer was found to be 20-30°. However it was not possible to decide whether the chains are oriented parallel to each other. The fatty acid ester groups in β- and γ-position have different conformations. The phosphate group of dipalmitoylphosphatidylethanolamine exists probably in the I protonated

and not in the ionized (>PO2
- ) state. However, the latter state is ex­pected for all other phospholipids of this series. The deviation of the bisector of ∢ (OPO) of the >PO2
- group from the normal to the bilayer is less than 45° and the mean orientation of all polar head groups is rather parallel than perpendicular to the plane of the bilayer. The polar headgroup of phosphatidylcholine assumes at least two different conformations of the O - C - C - N moiety, i. e. gauche and trans. A variety of conformers has to be expected also for the polar head groups of most of the other phospholipids investigated in this work.
Pilzpigmente, 29. 2.5-Diary ley clopentan-1.3-dione aus Chamonixia caespitosa (Basidiomycetes)/Pigments of Fungi, 29.2,5-Diarylcyclopentane-1,3-diones from Chamonixia caespitosa (Basidiomycetes)
Authors: Steglich W. , Thilmann A. , Besl H. , Bresinsky A.
Published: August 2018

From sporophores of Chamonixia caespitosa the 2,5-diarylcyclopentane-1,3-diones gyrocyanin (1), chamonixin (2) and gyroporin (5) have been isolated, the first two being responsible for the blueing of the fruiting bodies. This result suggests a close relation of Chamonixia to the order Boletales.
Isolation and Some Molecular Properties of Plastidic Algal Cytochrome b-559
Authors: Lach Hans-Joachim , Böger Peter
Published: August 2018

Cytochrome b-559, Algae, Spinach Cytochrome b-559, an integral protein of diloroplast thylakoids, was prepared in a homogeneous form from the alga Bumilleriopsis filiformis. The protein is easily denatured and can be solubilized by treatment of isolated thylakoids with high concentrations of urea and detergents in addition to weak sonification. The reduced form exhibits absorption maxima at 559, 530 and 429 nm. By comparative determination, a molecular weight of 17 000 was found for the protein from Bumilleriopsis, whereas that for spinach has 37 000 daltons. Both proteins have a low, but variable lipid content which is not a necessary part of the enzymatically active cytochrome b-559. The purified cytochrome exhibits a low midpoint the preparation a transient “high-potential” form (reducible by hydroquinone) was also solubilized.
Notizen: Changes in the Iron and Phosphorus Content of Stroma Inclusions during Etioplast-Chloroplast Development in Nicotiana
Authors: Jülich B. , Gliem G. , Jánossy A. G. S
Published: August 2018

Conformational changes of the thylakoid arrangement during light-dependent etioplast-chloroplast development in cotyledons of Nicotiana clevelandii X N. glutinosa are correlated with a decrease of the iron and phosphorus content in electron-dense stroma inclusions. Parallel to the transformation of the prolamellar body and the stacking process of the thylakoids, both the iron and phosphorus content of the inclusions were found to be reduced. Their elemental composition was analysed by means of the energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis. Due to their high electron-density these stroma inclusions can be observed by conventional transmission electron microscopy in unstained thin-sections from exclusively glutaraldehyde-fixed material. They seem to be involved in membrane formation processes concomitant with the dispersal of the prolamellar bodies. Thus, the iron and phosphorus containing inclusions were found either closely surrounded by membranes or in the intralamellar space of plastids from plantlets illuminated for 1 - 8 hours. In chloroplasts (illumination period 12 -24 hours) no connections between these inclusions and the thylakoids were noticed.
Origins of the First Cell. A New Model for the Spontaneous Formation of the First Living Cell Based on a Novel Approach
Authors: Erhan Semih
Published: August 2018

Whether proteins or nucleic acids were responsible for the emergence of life has been debated for a long time. Taking the observation that families of proteins display a remarkable invariance of their amino acid sequence around critical regions, such as active/binding sites, even though these proteins may represent considerable evolutionary diversity, as the naturally provided evidence of evolutionary selection of a working system, the idea is developed that:

1. Proteins had to have been first informational macromolecules that were necessary and sufficient to lead to the emergence of life;

2. it is impossible for a nucleic acid molecules to have formed, by chance, whose base sequence could yield a biologically active protein.

A model is proposed to account for the emergence of the first sucessful cell according to this approach.
Correlation between Diagnostic 59Fe2+-Absorption and Serum Ferritin Concentration in Man
Authors: Heinrich H. C. , Brüggemann J. , Gabbe E. E. , Gläser M. , Icagic Fatima , Pape Ellen
Published: August 2018

A high correlation coefficient r = -0.832 (Pr≠0 <0.0001) was estimated in man for the inverse relationship between the diagnostic 59Fe2+-absorption and the serum ferritin concentration which is very close to the correlation r = - 0.88 as described for the relationship between the diagnostic 59Fe2+-absorption and the diffuse cytoplasmic storage iron in the bone marrow macrophages. The increase of the diagnostic 59Fe2+-absorption seems to be an earlier and more sensitive indicator of depleted iron stores whereas the serum ferritin decreases somewhat later during the development of iron deficiency.
Infectious Lymphocytes in Mice Persistently Infected with Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus
Authors: Popescu Mircea , Löhler Jürgen , Lehmann-Grube Fritz
Published: August 2018

During persistent infection of mice with the lymphocytic choriomeningitis (LCM) virus approximately 3% of leukocytes were found to contain viral antigen and to produce infectious virus. Morphologically, infected cells were shown not to be lymphoblasts and their numbers were not reduced by removal of mononuclear phagocytes. We conclude that in LCM virus carrier mice true lymphocytes participate in the infectious process.
Amine einzelliger Grünalgen, III 1 Nachweis von Homologen des Spermidins in der Grünalge Scenedesmus acutus 276-3a. / Amines of Unicellular Green Algae, III Identification of Homologues of Spermidine in the Green Alga Scenedesmus acutus 276-3a
Authors: Kneifei H. , Rolle I. , Paschold B.
Published: August 2018

Two homologues of spermidine, N-(3-aminopropyl)-1,3-diaminopropane (1) and N-(4-amino-butyl)-1,4-diaminobutane (2), were identified in Scenedesmus acutus 276-3a. For identification, extracts of algae were trifluoroacetylated and investigated by combined gas chromatography/mass spectrometry.
Gemeinsame Präparation von drei Dehydrogenasen und zwei Kinasen in einem Arbeitsgang aus Schweineherz / The Preparation of Three Dehydrogenases and Two Kinases from Pig Heart by a Single Procedure
Authors: Geller A. , Berghäuser J.
Published: August 2018

A single procedure for the preparation of lactate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.27), the mitochondrial and cytoplasmic forms of malate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.37), adenylate kinase (EC 2.7.4.3) and pyruvate kinase (EC 2.7.1.40) from pig heart is described. The five enzymes are obtained in preparative amounts in homogenous form with specific activities equal to or higher than those pre­ viously reported. Some molecular properties of pig heart pyruvate kinase are determined.
Photosynthetic Control in Chloroplasts Suspensions Frozen in Liquid Nitrogen in the Presence of Glycerol
Authors: Kaminski K.
Published: August 2018

Type A complete spinach chloroplasts (photosynthetic control ratio ≅ 5) were frozen in liquid nitrogen, in the presence or absence of 50 percent glycerol (v/v). By considering five parameters related to the non cyclic electron transfer in the light (oxidant : K-ferricyanide) it was shown that the uncoupling due to freezing and thawing was partially prevented by glycerol. However glycerol was responsible for a slight uncoupling in fresh chloroplasts. The clearest uncoupling effect of freezing, and chiefly of glycerol, concerned the inhibition of the electron flow which follows the stimulation caused by a limiting quantity of ADP (state 4).

The relative decrease of the photosynthetic control and of related parameters due to the use of this method of preservation, has to be balanced with the improved homogeneity and convenience resulting from it.