bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Letramento Infantil na Biblioteca Escolar: desenvolvendo habilidades básicas para futuros leitores competentes
Authors: Hommerding Nádia Maria dos Santos
Published: April 2016

Este artigo busca relatar parte da experiência e aprendizado da autora atuando como bibliotecária no Sistema de Biblioteca Publicas de Miami Dade (MDPLS) em Miami, Estados Unidos. Apresenta o conceito de Letramento Infantil (Early Literacy) e as seis competências básicas para seu desenvolvimento em bebês e crianças de zero mês a seis anos de idade em relação aos hábitos de leitura e interação com os livros e biblioteca. Aponta para o importante e estratégico papel da biblioteca escolar e da integração de práticas profissionais entre bibliotecários e professores escolares quanto ao desenvolvimento de habilidades de leitura e escrita, considerando os conceitos de letramento e alfabetização, em leitores na primeira infância. Reconhece na biblioteca escolar, importante aliada no processo de criação e apropriação de hábitos de leitura, alem do desenvolvimento de opinião crítica nos pequenos cidadãos, quando apropriadamente incluída nos projetos pedagógicos da instituição de ensino
Intentional Fracture of Maximally Dilated Balloon-Expandable Pulmonary Artery Stents Using Ultra–High-Pressure Balloon Angioplasty
Authors: Morray Brian H. , McElhinney Doff B. , Marshall Audrey C. , Porras Diego
Published: April 2016

Background—

Treatment with endovascular stents has become increasingly common for the management of vascular stenosis in congenital heart disease. The use of stents in smaller patients has been tempered by concerns about the potential for stent expansion to accommodate somatic growth. One solution to limited stent diameter is the intentional fracture of maximally dilated stents, which can be accomplished using ultra–high-pressure (UHP) balloons.

Methods and Results—

This retrospective cohort study compared procedural characteristics and adverse events between a cohort of patients with branch pulmonary artery (PA) stents who underwent stent fracture using UHP balloons and control patients who underwent UHP redilation of previously placed PA stents without stent fracture between 2004 and 2014. Two control patients were selected for every case. Thirty-three PA stents were fractured in 31 patients with a median of 10 years after initial stent placement. The median balloon:waist ratio was 1.17 (1–1.71), and the median inflation pressure was 20 (8–30) atm. There were significant reductions in pressure gradient after angioplasty, with no difference in postangioplasty gradients between cases and controls. There were no major PA complications in the stent fracture group and no difference in the number of adverse events between the 2 groups.

Conclusions—

In this small series, PA stent fracture using UHP balloon angioplasty was feasible and did not result in major complications although predictors of successful fracture were not identified. Intentional fracture with UHP balloon angioplasty may be considered when treating stents that have become restrictive despite maximal dilation.
The Pain of Complexity
Authors: Zinoviev Dmitry
Published: April 2016

In the scholarly community, the concept of complexity is typically associated with science. However, the consumer view on complexity is different. To understand the conceptual structure of complexity, the author analyzed self-declared interests harvested from complexity-related blogs in LiveJournal. The author arranged the interests into a semantic network, based on their similarity of use. The network has a modular structure and consists of four clusters linked with four aspects of complexity: Science, Philosophy, Art and Soul. Apparently laypersons perceive complexity not only as a scientific phenomenon but also as an intricacy associated with creativity, search for wisdom, and a potentially painful soul search.
Plasticity in food intake, thermogenesis and body mass in the tree shrew (Tupaia belangeri) is affected by food restriction and refeeding
Authors: Gao Wen-rong , Zhu Wan-long , Ye Fang-yan , Zuo Mu-lin , Wang Zheng-kun
Published: April 2016

Physiological adjustments are important strategies for small mammals in response to variation in food availability. To determine the physiological mechanisms affected by food restriction and refeeding, tree shrews were restricted to 85% of initial food intake for 4 weeks and refedad libitumfor another 4 weeks. Changes in food intake, body mass, thermogenesis, body composition, mitochondrial cytochromecoxidase activity, uncoupling protein-1 content in brown adipose tissue and serum leptin levels were measured. The results showed that body mass, body fat mass and serum leptin levels significantly decreased in food restricted tree shrews, and increased when the restriction ended, showing a short “compensatory growth” rather than over-weight or obesity compared withad libitumcontrols. Resting metabolic rate, non-shivering thermogenesis, brown adipose tissue mass (mg), and uncoupling protein-1 content decreased significantly in response to food restriction, and returned to the control levels after the animals were refedad libitum, while the brown adipose tissue mass (%) and cytochromecoxidase activity remained stable during food restriction and refeeding. Food intake increased shortly after refeeding, which perhaps contributed to the rapid regaining of body mass. These results suggest thatTupaia belangerican adjust the status of its physiology integratively to cope with the lack of food by means of decreasing body mass, thermogenesis and serum leptin levels. Leptin may act as a starvation signal to predominantly mediate the reduction in body mass and energy expenditure.
Jesus and the Continuing Exile of Israel in the Writings of N.T. Wright
Authors: Bird Michael F.
Published: April 2016

N.T. Wright’s thesis that the historical Jesus conducted his prophetic career in the context of a widespread belief that Israel was in a protracted state of exile has courted much controversy. This study sketches Wright’s articulation of the return-from-exile theme in Jewish literature, describes some of the scholarly criticisms to this view, and defends a chastened view of Wright’s thesis that return-from-exile remains a useful category for understanding Judaism and Jesus even if it does not necessarily carry the meta-narratival freight that Wright attributes to it.
Jesus and the Law
Authors: Crossley James G.
Published: April 2016

This essay takes an appreciative look at the influence of E. P. Sanders’s work on Jesus, Judaism and the Law and attempts to develop some of Sanders-style critique of scholarship to his ongoing influence. Particular attention is paid to Mt. 8.21–22/Lk. 9.59–60, Mk 2.23-28, and Mk 7.1-23. This article analyzes N. T. Wright’s domestication of Sanders’ criticism of anti-Jewish tendencies in scholarship, particularly where Wright uses Sanders to perpetuate the old myth of superiority over Judaism. This article also looks at how the influence of Hengel and Bultmann could continue through the credible endorsement of Sanders. Further consideration is given to the problematic notion of ‘conflict’ in the Gospel tradition.
And then came molecular phylogenetics—Reactions to a monographic study of Hypericum (Hypericaceae)
Authors: ROBSON NORMAN K.B.
Published: April 2016

Completion of a detailed monograph of Hypericum using traditional methods has stimulated the publication of phylogenetic treatments of the genus using molecular methods. The relationships thereby revealed differ from those of the traditional account in several ways that are discussed here.       A key point of conflict concerns taxa that share a specific set of morphological characters, i.e. the ‘Elodes’ syndrome (pseudotubular corolla, sterile stamen fascicles, stamen filaments ± united in the fascicle and sometimes petal appendages), which was found to be paraphyletic in each molecular study. The various groups with this syndrome were shown to have arisen from various parts of Hypericum, apparently suddenly, probably as the result of a genetic switch, the action of which can also be reversed. The formerly segregated genera with this floral syndrome should therefore all be re-incorporated in Hypericum. This necessitates the re-establishment of one section, namely Hypericum sect. Elodea, and recognition of two new sections within Hypericum, namely Hypericum sect. Lianthus and Hypericum sect. Thornea, which are proposed here.       The remaining species have resolved in various places in recent molecular phylogenetic trees that differ from each other and from the classification adopted in the monograph. In particular, in molecular results the herbaceous species with ‘3’ (i.e. 2+2+1) stamen fascicles all form a single clade; whereas, in the traditional treatment adopted in the monograph, they form three distinct, distantly related groups.            In light of recent molecular studies, Hypericum is now interpreted to comprise two distinct groups (respectively mainly Old World and mainly New World) that differ in the presence or absence of dark (hypericin-containing) glands and in the arrangement of the stamen fascicles. These two clades are described as subgenera, with the New World clade named Hypericum subgenus Brathys. By drawing attention to this grouping, the molecular work has improved on the monograph.
Sedum pyriseminum (Crassulaceae), a morphologically remarkable new annual species from the state of Durango, Mexico
Authors: PÉREZ-CALIX EMMANUEL
Published: April 2016

Mexico is a proven centre of diversity and endemism for Sedum L. (Crassulaceae) and species new to science are continually being discovered. Sedum pyriseminum E. Pérez-Calix is described and illustrated based on specimens originating from the Mexiquillo region, Durango, Mexico. Sedum pyriseminum E. Pérez-Calix is a small annual plant, 2 cm or less in height. Although other Sedum species with this habit are known, S. pyriseminum does not closely resemble any of them. It is most similar to S. vinicolor S. Watson (= S. forreri E. L. Greene), with which it could be confused as a consequence of their similar size and sympatric distribution. The conservation status of Sedum pyriseminum is assessed as Vulnerable (VU).
A synopsis of Salvia sect. Gardoquiiflorae (Lamiaceae), with a note on the origins of Caribbean Salvia species
Authors: ZONA SCOTT , FINCH KRISTEN , CLASE TEODORO , JESTROW BRETT
Published: April 2016

Salvia subg. Calosphace sect. Gardoquiiflorae is re-examined, and three species, all endemic to Hispaniola (Greater Antilles), are recognized. The names S. brachyloba, S. buchii and S. selleana are here lectotypified. Detailed morphological descriptions, distribution maps, information about habitat, and an identification key to the species are provided. In addition, preliminary results of a phylogeographical study of West Indian endemic species identified two colonization events. A group of high-elevation Hispaniolian endemic species is closely related to species of Salvia from the Andes.
Four new species of the fern genus Goniopteris C. Presl (Thelypteridaceae) from Brazilian Atlantic Forest
Authors: SALINO ALEXANDRE , LEROY CAROLINA JESUS , MOURA LUIZA COSTA , MOURA INGRIDY OLIVEIRA
Published: April 2016

Four new species of Goniopteris from Brazil are described and illustrated: Goniopteris smithii and G. windischii are narrowly endemic to southern Bahia, G. seidleri is restricted to the mountains of Espírito Santo and Rio de Janeiro states, and G. subdimorpha is endemic to semideciduous forests of Minas Gerais state.
Trend Analysis and Forecast of Precipitation, Reference Evapotranspiration, and Rainfall Deficit in the Blackland Prairie of Eastern Mississippi
Authors: Feng Gary , Cobb Stacy , Abdo Zaid , Fisher Daniel K. , Ouyang Ying , Adeli Ardeshir , Jenkins Johnie N.
Published: April 2016

Trend analysis and estimation of monthly and annual precipitation, reference evapotranspiration ETo, and rainfall deficit are essential for water-resources management and cropping-system design. Rainfall, ETo, and water-deficit patterns and trends at Macon in eastern Mississippi for a 120-yr period (1894–2014) were analyzed for annual, seasonal, and monthly periods. The analysis showed historical average annual rainfall, ETo, and dryness index (DI) in the location to be 1307 mm, 1210 mm, and 0.97, respectively. Monthly rainfall and ETo ranged from 72 to 118 mm and from 94 to 146 mm, respectively, between May and October, resulting in a monthly rain deficit from 22 to 62 mm. Annual rainfall showed an increasing trend of 1.17 mm yr−1 while annual ETo exhibited a decreasing trend of −0.51 mm yr−1, resulting in an annual DI reduction of 0.001 per year. Seasonal trends were found for rainfall in autumn (1.06 mm yr−1), ETo in summer (−0.29 mm yr−1) and autumn (−0.18 mm yr−1), and DI in autumn (−0.006). An autoregressive, integrated, and moving-average (ARIMA) approach was used to model monthly and annual rainfall, ETo, and DI and to predict those values in the future. Low values of the root-mean-square error (RMSE) and mean absolute error (with both statistics being normalized to the mean of the observed values), low values of average percent bias, and low values of the ratio of the RMSE to the standard deviation of observed data, along with values of 1.0 for Nash–Sutcliffe modeling efficiency and the index of agreement, all suggest that the performance of the models is acceptable. The ARIMA models forecast 1319 mm of mean annual rainfall, 1203 mm of mean annual ETo, and 0.82 of mean annual DI from 2015 to 2024. The results obtained from this research can guide development of water-management practices and cropping systems in the area that rely on this weather station. The approaches used and the models fitted in this study can serve as a demonstration of how a time series trend can be analyzed and a model fitted at other locations.
The influence of carbon nanotubes and shape memory alloy wires to controlled impact resistance of polymer composites
Authors: Sofocleous Katerina , Drakonakis Vasileios M , Ogin Stephen L , Doumanidis Charalabos
Published: April 2016

Matrix as well as interlayer regions of laminated polymer composites have been reinforced with carbon nanotubes, additionally to shape memory alloy wires, in order to further enhance the overall material toughness and introduce the improved impact resistance mechanisms through micro- and nano-engineering. In this work, we examine carbon fiber reinforced polymer composites with constant carbon fiber volume fraction, further reinforced with carbon nanotube and shape memory alloy wires, under controlled impact. Single-type as well as multiple-type impact tests have been carried out, demonstrating that the energy absorption and damage development are similar in both impact tests for the same material. When the carbon nanotube and shape memory alloy wires reinforcements are compared separately, shape memory alloy-reinforced carbon fiber reinforced polymers present higher energy absorption than the carbon nanotube-reinforced carbon fiber reinforced polymers. When they are combined, although the carbon nanotube + shape memory alloy-reinforced carbon fiber reinforced polymers present similar energy absorption improvement to shape memory alloy-only carbon fiber reinforced polymers, the carbon nanotube addition increases toughness, resulting in damage initiation at higher depths of impact penetration.
The CT Scan: Pitfalls and Posterior Fossa Cisternography
Authors: Luetje Charles M.
Published: April 2016

A case of an inadequately enhanced 4‐cm acoustic tumor missed by initial CT scan and diagnosed six months later on a second, different CT scanner is reported. The most common pitfall in acoustic tumor diagnosis by CT scan is the inability to resolve tumors less than 1.5 cm. This necessitates a posterior fossa cisternogram. A method of tumor size classification based on CT scan and cisternography is proposed.
A Longitudinal Study of Cellular Changes in Experimental Otitis Media
Authors: Goycoolea Marcos V. , Paparella Michael M. , Carpenter Anna Mary , Juhn S. K.
Published: April 2016

A longitudinal sequential study of otitis media in an experimental animal (cat) using eustachian tube obstruction was done. Fifty animals were used.

The continuum of mucoperiosteal changes from one day to six months after obstruction revealed gradual changes that were similar for each animal. Stages were defined, and by using different staining techniques, including immunocytochemistry, an overall middle ear defense system was postulated and documented. Nonspecific as well as specific defense systems, including localized immunity, were described.

Effusions were studied in a continuum, and their pathogenesis was discussed.
Unilateral Tonsillar Enlargement
Authors: Cortez Edwin A. , Mattox Douglas E. , Holt G. Richard , Gates George A.
Published: April 2016

Unilateral tonsillar enlargement may result from infection, chronic inflammatory response, or neoplasm. Neoplasms that commonly produce a unilaterally enlarged tonsil include lymphomas (lymphocytic and histiocytic types) and squamous cell carcinomas. Rarer tumors include extramedullary plasmacytomas, Hodgkin's disease, leukemia, and metastatic neoplasms.

Sixteen cases of unilateral tonsillar enlargement owing to causes other than squamous cell carcinoma are reviewed. When examining a patient with unilateral tonsillar enlargement, diagnosis of a neoplastic disease must be considered.
Fibromatosis Colli: A Case Report
Authors: McQueen William J. , Johnson Jonas T. , Edwards Paul A.
Published: April 2016

Fibromatosis colli is a distinctive form of fibromatosis that develops in the sternocleidomastoid muscle of the newborn. When the diagnosis is certain, the treatment of choice is frequent passive stretching of the sternocleidomastoid muscle. Open tenotomy or excision of the mass may be needed if the problem persists beyond the age of 6 months. A case report is presented, and the literature is reviewed.
Immunoglobulin a Antibody to Epstein‐Barr Viral Antigens and Prognosis in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Authors: Mathew Gregory D. , Qualtiere Louis F. , Neel H. Bryan , Pearson Gary R.
Published: April 2016

IgA immunoglobulin fractions containing antibodies to Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV)‐induced membrane antigens were isolated from the sera of two patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), from one non‐NPC patient, and from three persons with sera negative for IgA antibodies. IgA antibodies were not cytotoxic against cells expressing EBV‐induced membrane antigens in the antibody‐dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) assay. However, IgA antibodies blocked IgG‐mediated ADCC, which indicated that these antibodies could serve as a blocking “factor” in patients with disease and, therefore, were potentially detrimental to the host.
Laryngofissure and Cordectomy for Early Cordal Carcinoma: Outcome in 182 Patients
Authors: Neel H. Bryan , Devine Kenneth D. , Desanto Lawrence W.
Published: April 2016

At the Mayo Clinic from 1962 to 1974, 182 patients with early squamous cell cancer of the true vocal cord were treated by laryngofissure and cordectomy. Seven patients (4%) had recurrences: four in the larynx and three in the neck (although the larynx was free of disease). The case histories of these patients are reported. Only three (2%) of the patients died as a consequence of their laryngeal cancer. The data substantiate our belief that the laryngofissure and cordectomy operation, and its minor variations, is an expeditious and highly successful means of eradicating glottic cancers.
Prolapse of the Laryngeal Ventricle
Authors: Barnes David R. , Holinger Lauren D. , Pellettiere Edmund V.
Published: April 2016

Many varied lesions may protrude into the laryngeal lumen from between the true and false vocal cords. These protrusions can be precisely diagnosed only by biopsy. Prolapse of the laryngeal ventricle is one of these lesions; it is a distinct clinicopathologic entity, a primary lesion unrelated to other laryngeal or systemic disease. Eversion of the ventricle (or saccule) is a similar protrusion that is secondary to pulsion or traction by an associated laryngeal lesion. Other lesions that may produce similar clinical findings and gross appearance include benign tumors, cysts, and, rarely, squamous cell carcinoma. Biopsy is therefore mandatory to plan rational treatment.

A review of 26 patients who had been diagnosed as having prolapse resulted in the reclassification of 20 cases of prolapse and six cases of eversion. Prolapse is possibly unrelated etiologically to cough, or chronic laryngeal or respiratory tract infection. The histopathologic data suggest further that prolapse is a result of fatty infiltration, edema, and inflammation of the periventricular tissue above the ventricle, which cause the tissue to enlarge and protrude into the laryngeal lumen from between the true and false vocal cords.
Aneurysm of the Internal Carotid Artery at the Base of the Skull: An Unusual Cause of Cranial Neuropathies
Authors: Lane Richard J. , Weisman Robert A. , Savino Peter J. , Schatz Norman J.
Published: April 2016

Aneurysms of the cervical portion of the internal carotid artery are relatively rare and can present difficult diagnostic problems. Signs and symptoms of cerebral ischemia are common, but isolated cranial neuropathies are unusual. A patient with hypoglossal and glossopharyngeal cranial nerve palsies secondary to an extracranial internal carotid artery aneurysm is the subject of this case report and discussion.
An in Vitro Technique for Testing Nasal Vasodilating Agents
Authors: Jackson Richard T.
Published: April 2016

An in vitro method for testing vasoactive drugs on nasal blood vessels is described. Isolated dog nasal mucosa contracts when treated with nasal decongestant or stimulated electrically. Vasodilating drugs inhibit this contraction. Atropine blocks the effects of acetylcholine on this tissue.
Postoperative Cholesteatoma: Are Claims for the Canal Wall Down Technique Justified?
Authors: Smyth Gordon D. L. , Singh R. , Hassard Thomas H.
Published: April 2016

To discover whether removal of the canal wall would reduce the incidence of postoperative cholesteatoma in tympanoplasty, the findings in staged, intact canal wall tympanoplasties were compared with those in staged, modified radical mastoidectomies with cavity obliteration and tympanoplasty. In all, cholesteatoma was considered totally removed at the first operation. The incidence of residual cholesteatoma was not significantly different in either group. It is concluded that staging in tympanoplasty for cholesteatoma is mandatory.
Hearing Loss following Potassium Bromate: Two Case Reports
Authors: Matsumoto Ichiro , Morizono Tetsuo , Paparella Michael M.
Published: April 2016

Bromate has not been regarded as an ototoxic drug. Potassium bromate, marketed as a neutralizer in home permanent cold wave hair kits, has caused several cases of accidental poisoning in children, resulting from the ingestion of this solution. Two cases of hearing loss following ingestion of this solution for the purpose of suicide have been reported here and in the literature review.
Subcochlear Approach for Cholesterol Granulomas of the Inferior Petrous Apex
Authors: Ghorayeb Bechara Y. , Jahrsdoerfer Robert A.
Published: April 2016

Cholesterol granulomas of the petrous apex are drained through two major extra‐labyrinthine routes: One, along the posterosuperior chain of air cells, and two, along the anteroinferior chain. Procedures that use the posterosuperior chain approach the apex from the sinodural angle, the base of the zygomatic arch, the attic, or through the arch of the superior semicircular canal. Operations that use the anteroinferior chain reach the apex along the internal carotid canal (Ramadler's operation) or by a posterior infralabyrinthine approach between the descending facial nerve and jugular bulb. Inferior petrous apex cholesterol granulomas may be unreachable by any of these routes, and hence the subcochlear route is proposed as an alternative. The subcochlear approach starts in a triangle bounded superiorly by the cochlea, anteriorly by the internal carotid canal and posteriorly by the deep jugular vein. This operation requires lowering the inferior bony canal wall to the level of the “crutch.” It provides access to an inferiorly situated cholesterol granuloma, yet preserves hearing. It allows enough room for the placement of a tube drain from the petrous apex to the mastoid. It is particularly useful when a high jugular bulb precludes the use of the posterior infralabyrinthine route.
Nasal Schwannoma
Authors: Pasic Thomas R. , Makielski Kathleen
Published: April 2016

A 36‐year‐old man with a nasal septal mass is presented. The diagnosis of a benign neoplasm arising from peripheral nerve Schwann cells was made by excisional biopsy. A benign nerve sheath tumor may be either a schwannoma or neurofibroma. Schwannomas may be distinguished from neurofibroma by clinical and histologic criteria. Malignant degeneration and intracranial extension may complicate the course of a nasal schwannoma. Complete excision is the preferred therapy.
Meningiomas of the lateral skull base: Neurotologic manifestations and patterns of recurrence
Authors: Leonetti John P. , Reichman O. Howard , Smith Peter G. , Grubb Robert L. , Kaiser Peter
Published: April 2016

The eradication of basicranial meningiomas by traditional surgical techniques is often hindered by neoplastic entanglement with critical neurovascular structures. Apparent, complete tumor resection is frequently followed by extensive, yet clinically silent, recurrent disease with local infiltration of bone, cranial nerves, and brain. Fifty‐five cases of sphenoid wing or parasellar meningioma were analyzed to identify clinical manifestations suggestive of early tumor recurrence. Regrowth patterns were then defined according to preoperative radiographic and intraoperative surgical findings. Medial tumor regrowth, involving the cavernous sinus, caused neurapraxia of cranial nerves III, IV, or VI, with associated diplopia or ophthalmoplegia. Inferior (caudal) regrowth of disease involved the infratemporal fossa, pterygomaxillary space, or paranasal sinuses by bony erosion of the middle cranial fossa floor or through natural anatomic foramina and fissures. Such inferior extension was manifested clinically by facial hypesthesia, trismus, and referred otalgia caused by trigeminal nerve involvement and by autophony or serous otitis media related to eustachian tube obstruction. Posterior tumor regrowth occurred along the petrous bone and horizontal carotid canal, resulting in internal auditory meatus erosion and cerebellopontine angle extension with associated tinnitus, hearing loss, unsteadiness, and occasional facial twitching. While the clinical and radiographic evaluations of any patient with a suspected recurrent basicranial meningioma are critical in planning the method and magnitude of reoperation, an understanding of potential recurrence patterns can be used in devising more extensive, combined approaches that may allow complete tumor extirpation at the initial surgical intervention.
The sinusitis cycle
Authors: Reilly James S.
Published: April 2016

Recent discoveries make it necessary to reevaluate many of the traditional assumptions concerning sinusitis. Within the past 10 years, investigators have detailed the pathophysiology of sinusitis. Occlusion of the sinus ostia initiates the sinusitis cycle; untreated, this leads to chronic sinusitis. Anatomic abnormalities also predispose the patient to chronic sinusitis because of ostial blockage. Investigators have identified and detailed the prevalence of both aerobic and anaerobic environments within the sinuses, demonstrating that ostial blockage creates an ideal culture medium within the sinus. Keeping the ostial passageways open is essential to allow reversal of the sinusitis cycle, especially in the presence of predisposing factors.
Paranasal sinus imaging
Authors: Zinreich S. James
Published: April 2016

The inability of plain radiographs to yield conclusive information about the ostiomeatal complex in sinusitis is no longer a significant problem. Computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and improved endoscopic technology now enable almost complete exploration of the sinus anatomy and the pathophysiology of sinus disease. Nasal endoscopy provides a clear view of the anterior nasal cavity—including the middle meatus—in patients with symptoms of sinusitis. However, the maxillary ostia are still difficult to visualize directly. CT is required for noninvasive evaluation of deep ostiomeatal air passages and posterior ethmoid and sphenoid sinuses. MRI of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses, although of limited use for displaying nasal morphology, is even more sensitive than CT in identifying fungal concretions and neoplasms.
Featuring the e-service quality of online website from a varied perspective
Authors: Chuang Huan-Ming , Chen You-Shyang , Lin Chyuan-Yuh , Yu Pei-Chih
Published: April 2016

The websites vigorously grow and inevitably need to provide consumers high-quality service to create excellent experience and win the customers’ heart to establish mutually beneficial and long-term relationship. Consequently, the e-service quality attracts priority-concerns. The research purpose differentiates three service quality models that make the effects on consumer loyalty-related behavior under e-service environment. Data were surveyed from online consumers to test the research model. Conclusively, the empirical results indicate: (1) service quality (SERVQUAL) model appears superior to quality of electronic service (QES) model and website performance index (WPI) model in explaining e-service quality; (2) service quality has significant positive effects on affective, continuance, and normative commitment; (3) affective commitment has significant positive effects on loyalty and advocacy intention; (4) normative commitment has significant effects on loyalty, advocacy intentions, and willingness to pay more; while continuance commitment does not have the same effects.
Toward a New, Musical Paradigm of Place: The Port River Symphonic of Chester Schultz
Authors: Ryan Robin
Published: April 2016

In privileging music as a focus for applied ecology, the goal of this essay is to deepen perspectives on the musical representation of land in an age of complex environmental challenge. As the metaphor driving public narration of environmental crises, the notion of Earth as our home—signified by the prefix “eco”—brings with it a critical expectation for the musical academy to retreat from bland talk about a “sense of place.” Based on the premise that damaged ecologies are a matter of concern to many people, Indigenous and Settler; and building on the late Val Plumwood's theory of “shadow” or “denied” places (Plumwood, 2008), the author introduces Within Our Reach: A Symphony of the Port River Soundscapes by anti-elitist South Australian composer Chester Schultz (b. 1945). Inspired by the tradition of R. Murray Schafer's performances for outdoor sites, Schultz predicated this niche symphony on the noise-polluting defoliation of Adelaide's “wetland wonder,” the Old Port Reach. Presented as a series of narrative soundscapes, the symphony harnesses the power of music, including popular genres, to engender a sense of local “belonging” to the Port. In an ecological subtext an Indigenous Elder sings in the re-awakening language of the Kaurna people who, in 1890, were evicted from their “nourishing terrain” (terminology after Rose, 1996) by the CSR Sugar Refinery. Schultz's ethical musical representation of local oral, natural and industrial history generates a benchmark opus for what shadow place composition might sound like in the modern global city.
A Space for Justice: Messianic Time in the Graphs of Climate Change
Authors: Callaway Elizabeth
Published: April 2016

This article turns toward scientific literature to consider the basic strategies used in presenting the temporality of climate change. While the majority of literary criticism argues that the experience of climate change is either apocalyptic or banal, the scientific graphs of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change organize time in a way aligned with Giorgio Agamben's concept of messianic time. Like Agamben's messianic time, the figures of the IPCC depict a disjointed present. Every figure is either a reconstruction of past climate or a projection of future climate—never a reconstruction the past that moves through the present and projects the future. Crucially, it is this disjuncture at the present moment that perhaps leaves a space open for justice—a justice that reveals itself in a series of figures that exhibit an underlying ethical relationship to the past and future. As a literary analysis, this paper brings out new aspects of scientific figures. Instead of focusing on the data these graphs communicate, it reveals how formal choices in presentation affect meaning and how scientific figures structure, articulate, and inform our experience of time.
Uncharismatic Invasives
Authors: Clark Jonathan L.
Published: April 2016

Although philosophers have examined the ethics of invasive species management, there has been little research approaching this topic from a descriptive, ethnographic perspective. In this article I examine how invasive species managers think about the moral status of the animals they seek to manage. I do so through a case study of Oregon's efforts to manage the invasive species that are rafting across the Pacific attached to tsunami debris in the wake of the Japanese tsunami of 2011. Focusing on the state's response to a dock that washed ashore on Agate Beach with various marine invertebrates attached to it, I argue that these animals' position on two intersecting scales of moral worth—the sociozoologic scale and the phylogenetic scale—rendered them unworthy of moral consideration.
Certification as a Way to Assess Teachers’ Qualification: Legal Regulation Issues
Authors: Egoshina Lyubov
Published: April 2016

This article investigates legal acts, both federal and bylaws (regional, municipal, local) that regulate teachers’ certification. The author points out a number of problems in legal regulation of certification of these employees. One of the problems concerning teachers’ qualification is the way how to carry it out. The current legislation does not provide clear definition for that. The article analyzes the draft federal law “On Amendments to the Labor Code of the Russian Federation”, which proposes to include a new chapter on the evaluation of employees’ skills. The draft law is aimed at forming a mechanism for evaluating employees’ professional skills that is carried out in two forms: certification (held by employers) and certification of employees’ skills (held by other organizations granted with the relevant authority in the prescribed manner). The author proposes solutions to address the gaps in the draft law.
Spillovers from Wiring Schools with Broadband: The Critical Role of Children
Authors: Belo Rodrigo , Ferreira Pedro , Telang Rahul
Published: April 2016

Providing broadband to schools can be an effective way to foster household Internet adoption in neighboring areas. On the one hand, the infrastructure put into place to meet schools’ needs can also serve households. On the other hand, students get acquainted with the Internet at school and signal its usefulness to adults at home who, consequently, can be more likely to adopt it. In this paper, we model the roles that broadband use at school and Internet adoption in neighboring households play in the decision to adopt the Internet at home and measure their effects empirically. We use data from Portugal between 2006 and 2009 on household Internet penetration and on how much schools use broadband. We use two different sets of instruments for the schools’ broadband use to alleviate endogeneity concerns. Both approaches yield similar results. We find that broadband use at school leads to higher levels of Internet penetration in neighboring households. Broadband use in schools was responsible for a year-over-year increase of 3.5 percentage points on Internet penetration in households with children. Across our data set this effect accounts for about 17% of the increase in home Internet adoption. We also find evidence of regional spillovers in Internet adoption across households. These were roughly responsible for an increase of 2.1 percentage points in Internet penetration or 38% of the total increase in household Internet penetration between 2006 and 2009. These results show that wiring schools with broadband is an effective policy to lower the barriers for Internet adoption at home and as such contributes to accelerating the pace of broadband diffusion.

This paper was accepted by Lorin Hitt, information systems.
Crowd Wisdom Relies on Agents’ Ability in Small Groups with a Voting Aggregation Rule
Authors: Keuschnigg Marc , Ganser Christian
Published: April 2016

In the last decade, interest in the “wisdom of crowds” effect has gained momentum in both organizational research and corporate practice. Crowd wisdom relies on the aggregation of independent judgments. The accuracy of a group’s aggregate prediction rises with the number, ability, and diversity of its members. We investigate these variables’ relative importance for collective prediction using agent-based simulation. We replicate the “diversity trumps ability” proposition for large groups, showing that samples of heterogeneous agents outperform same-sized homogeneous teams of high ability. In groups smaller than approximately 16 members, however, the effects of group composition depend on the social decision function employed: diversity is key only in continuous estimation tasks (averaging) and much less important in discrete choice tasks (voting), in which agents’ individual abilities remain crucial. Thus, strategies to improve collective decision making must adapt to the predictive situation at hand.

This paper was accepted by Yuval Rottenstreich, judgment and decision making.
Supuestos y marcos conceptuales de Formación Ciudadana que subyacen en el Currículum Ministerial de Historia, Geografía y Cs. Sociales en la enseñanza básica Chilena
Authors: Vallejos Silva Natalia F.
Published: April 2016

El presente artículo exhibe los resultados investigativos sobre los marcos conceptuales presentes en el currículum escolar prescrito sobre Formación Ciudadana, a partir de un análisis de contenido documental de las Bases Curriculares y Programas Ministeriales de Historia y Ciencias Sociales 2012, 1° a 6 básico, junto con el Programa de Historia y Ciencias Sociales 2011 de 6° básico. Los análisis permitieron estructurar nudos libres y árboles categoriales que levantan tres grandes matrices: Lineamientos Curriculares, Contenidos de Formación Ciudadana, y Deficiencias y Omisiones. Ellas dan cuenta de un discurso curricular que combina una amplia presencia de conceptos sobre la sociedad civil y la convivencia, junto con falta de precisión, contradicciones, ausencia de contenidos y hebras discursivas en las que la dimensión social aparece supeditada al desarrollo individual del sujeto.
A Cognitive-Behavioral Perspective on Robert Cohen's Case of "Daniel"
Authors: Holland Stephen J.F.
Published: April 2016

Robert Cohen
Medium-engineering: a useful tool for modulating lipase activity and selectivity
Authors: Castillo Edmundo , Casas-Godoy Leticia , Sandoval Georgina
Published: April 2016

The design of a specific reaction medium capable to enhance activity, stability, and productivity of biocatalysts has been a recurring topic of study during the last three decades. The remarkable properties and valuable applications of enzymes, especially lipases, have inspiried different strategies for improving their performance in near-anhydrous media. As lipases are the most frequently used enzymes in organic synthesis, understanding the influence of reaction media on their activity and selectivity is crucial. In this paper, we review the key features of lipases and demonstrate how medium-engineering is a useful tool to modulate the activity and selectivity of lipase-catalyzed reactions.
Cyberbullying in a population of Slovak teenagers (quantitative research)
Authors: Kopecký Kamil
Published: April 2016

This paper looks at the research results of research into the risky behaviour of Slovak children on the Internet, implemented in late 2013 and 2014 by a research team at the Centre for the Prevention of Risky Virtual Communication, Palacký University in Olomouc. In this article we focus on a key part of the research—cyberbullying from the perspective of victims and attackers. The paper describes the most common forms of attacks Slovak children are exposed to and also focuses on role-switching from victim to attacker which occurs fairly frequently among the Slovak population. The article also looks at the most common Internet services and communication platforms which are exploited in attacks.
Evaluation of the compatibility of Phoenix 100 and Microflex LT MALDI-TOF MS systems in the identification of routinely isolated microorganisms in the clinic microbiology laboratory
Authors: Celik Cem , Uysal Elif Bilge , Tutar Uğur , Erturk Rahsan , Bakici Mustafa Zahir , Gozel Mustafa Gokhan
Published: April 2016

Background: Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) is a quick, reliable, and efficient system for identifying microorganisms. Many centers that use the Phoenix 100 system today may adopt a MALDI-TOF MS system in the future. Our laboratory recently undertook this pivot. The present study evaluates the reproducibility of species identifications made by the Phoenix 100 and MALDI-TOF MS systems, during a period of transitioning laboratory instrumentation.

Methods: Eight hundred and twelve microbial isolates, from aerobic cultures of different clinical samples, were identified simultaneously with Phoenix 100 (Becton Dickinson, Sparks, MD, USA) and a Microflex LT MALDI-TOF MS (Bruker Daltonics, Bremen, Germany) devices.

Results: Both systems made identical species assignments for 98.9%, 92.1%, 95.1%, and 93.1% of Gram-negative isolates, catalase-positive Gram-positive cocci isolates, catalase-negative Gram-positive cocci isolates, and Candida isolates, respectively.

Conclusions: Identifications made by two instruments commonly used in microbiology laboratories, the Phoenix 100 and the Microflex LT MALDI-TOF MS, are highly consistent.
Effect of sucralose and biostimulant on pre-and postharvest of blueberries (Vaccinium corymbosum L. cv. Elliot ) under organic and conventional production systems
Authors: Loyola lópez Nelson Eduardo , Aguirre Poblete Flavio , Godoy Astudillo Oscar
Published: April 2016

Blueberries (Vaccinium corymbosum L. cv. Elliot) from organic and conventional sources were subjected to either a pre-harvest application with an organic biostimulant or a post-harvest coverage with sucralose. Fruits were assessed in terms of firmness, dry matter, ascorbic acid, soluble solids, sensory attributes and color, during storage at 0 °C and RH of 90%, for a period of 21 days. Each trial with three treatments: T0correspondingto the control, T1to an application of biostimulant, 22 days before harvest, and T2 to a post-harvest coverage with sucralose. Fruits were evaluated in sensory aspect, with the participation of thirteen panelists, on day fifteen after being harvested and stored. Evaluations of both maturity and quality parameters were performed on days 1,7, 14and 21post-harvest.Pre-harvest treatment with the organic biostimulant showed a higher variation in dry matter and soluble solids, but these variations are not significant. The group with a coverage of Sucralose showed a significant increase in fruit firmness. The best sensory evaluation, was given by the panelists to the organic farming. Fruit measurements, such as color, ascorbic acid and colorimetry showed no significant differences in the results

 
Multiplicación clonal in vivo e in vitro de la especie forestal nativa Aniba perutilis Hemsl.
Authors: Delgado-García Lina Marcela , Hoyos-Sánchez Rodrigo Alberto
Published: April 2016

Se desarrolló una metodología para el establecimiento in vitro e in vivo de Aniba perutilis Hemsl. (comino crespo), árbol colombiano en peligro crítico de extinción. En la primera etapa, se sometieron semillas de este árbol a la acción de los desinfectantes NaOCl, HgCl2 y AgNO3 para su germinación aséptica. Para inducir la formación de brotes se empleó el medio WPM y se evaluó la acción de las fitohormonas BAP, KIN, AIA, ANA y AG3 en diferentes concentraciones. Para la etapa de enraizamiento se emplearon ANA, AIB, y los medios de cultivo MS y WPM, ambos con sales reducidas a la mitad y combinados con diferentes concentraciones de AIA y ANA. En la etapa de multiplicación in vivo se emplearon plántulas establecidas en vivero para evaluar tres tamaños de explantes, categorizados según la distancia desde la base de la planta hasta el ápice: distal (11-14 cm), medio (7 - 8 cm) y basal (3 - 4 cm), con el fin de obtener plantas madres donantes de yemas axilares y mini esquejes para enraizar. En este trabajo se consolida el uso de NaOCl por 15 min como tratamiento óptimo de desinfección, produciendo un porcentaje de supervivencia superior a 60%. El medio WPM suplementado con BAP 3 mg/lt y 1.5 mg/lt de AG3 generó la producción de un promedio de 0.6 brotes/explante con longitud media de 0.82 cm; no obstante, su baja capacidad de enraizamiento permite catalogar esta especie como recalcitrante al cultivo in vitro. En condiciones in vivo, cortes a la altura media de las plantas (7 - 8 cm) promovieron la formación de 1.33 brotes/explante y 75% de enraizamiento en los mini-esquejes, constituyendo una herramienta clave en la propagación de la especie

 
The battle against rural poverty and other challenges of development: Empirical analysis of women empowerment programme of Justice, Development and Peace Movement (JDPM) in Osun State, Nigeria
Authors: Faborode Helen , Alao Titus Olugbenga
Published: April 2016

El rol vital ejercido por la mujer en la agricultura y en actividades no agrícolas para el establecimiento de la seguridad alimentaria y el crecimiento económico, ha llevado al reconocimiento de la mujer como un instrumento vital tanto para el gobierno como para organizaciones no gubernamentales en la batalla en contra de la pobreza rural y otros retos de procesos de desarrollo. Por lo tanto, esta investigación analizó el programa de justicia y empoderamiento femenino, el movimiento de paz y desarrollo (JDPM) de la diócesis católica de Osogbo en el Estado de Osun, Nigeria con el fin de mejorar su eficacia. El impacto del programa sobre los beneficiarios fue evaluado en cuatro comunidades seleccionadas aleatoriamente de cada una de las tres zonas administrativas de Osogbo, Ila e Ilesa. El 25% de los participantes fueron proporcionalmente muestreados de cada una de las comunidades seleccionadas obteniendo 104 encuestados. La entrevista estructurada fue presentada para cada colecta de datos a partir del programa de beneficiarios, mientras que siete informantes clave eran entrevistados entre los trabajadores de la diócesis. La estadística descriptiva (frecuencia, promedio, porcentajes y desviación estándar), así como la correlación Pearson fueron utilizados para realizar inferencias. Algunos de estos resultados revelaron que los miembros de todas las regiones practicaban en el área beneficiada del programa. Los resultados también revelaron que la edad (r= -0.514), el tamaño del grupo (r= -0.448), los años de escolaridad (r=0.407) estaban significativamente relacionados con el establecimiento de los objetivos del programa con un nivel de significancia del 0.0, mientras que el número de asociaciones comunitarias (r=0.201), el tamaño de la empresa rural (r=0.448), y los ingresos (r=0.205) presentaron una relación significativa con un nivel del 0.05 de significancia. El estudio también reveló que el programa ha hecho independientes a los beneficiarios gracias a la adquisición de herramientas pero también al enfrentarse con restricciones financieras para iniciar o expandir su negocio. Se recomendó que los beneficiarios deberían estar vinculados con instituciones financieras o bancos donde podían acceder a préstamos con facilidad.

 