bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Paid Support Workers for Adults with Intellectual Disabilities; Their Current Knowledge of Hearing Loss and Future Training Needs
Authors: McShea Lynzee , Fulton John , Hayes Catherine
Published: June 2015

Background

People with intellectual disabilities are more likely to have hearing loss than the general population. For those unable to self‐advocate, the responsibility of detection and management falls to their caregivers.

Methods

This is the first cycle of a project using action research methodology to improve services. Twenty care workers were interviewed to understand their knowledge of hearing loss and hearing aids. Themes were generated using thematic analysis.

Findings

This group was better qualified than their peers but received minimal training in hearing loss. They were unable to accurately estimate expected prevalence and had a negative perception of hearing aids. Only 7% of service users were known to have hearing loss.

Conclusions

Current training is not sufficient to provide the skills for detection and management of hearing problems. This group had clear ideas on methods of learning. Working in collaboration is necessary to achieve long‐term change to practice.
Elevating perceived predation risk modifies the relationship between parental effort and song complexity in the song sparrow Melospiza melodia
Authors: Grunst Melissa L. , Rotenberry John T. , Grunst Andrea S.
Published: June 2015

Adult‐directed predation risk elevates costs of parental care, and may modify relationships between sexually selected ornaments and parental effort by accentuating the tradeoff between survival and parental investment. We assessed multiple hypotheses regarding the relationship between maternal effort, paternal effort, and the sexually selected trait of male song complexity in the song sparrow Melospiza melodia. Further, we explored whether experimentally elevating perceived adult‐directed predation risk near nests affected these relationships. We quantified two dimensions of song complexity: song repertoire size and residual syllable number (the relative number of syllables for a given song repertoire size). Under elevated perceived predation risk, but not in the absence of the predator stimuli, females mated to males with higher residual syllable number displayed higher nestling provisioning rates and performed a greater proportion of nestling provisioning trips. In other words, elevating perceived predation risk induced a pattern of maternal investment consistent with differential allocation. In contrast, under elevated perceived predation risk, only, females performed a lesser proportion of provisioning trips when mated to males with large song repertoire sizes. Further, consistent with the good parent hypothesis, males with large song repertoire sizes displayed lower latencies to return to the nest, independent of the predator stimuli. Results suggest that residual syllable number may reflect some aspect of male genetic quality, such that females are more willing to maintain maternal effort while facing heightened predation risk. On the other hand, females may gain paternal benefits when mated to males with large song repertoires. Our study supports the hypothesis that increased costs of parental care associated with predation risk may induce relationships between sexually selected traits and parental behavior, which may increase the strength of sexual selection. Additionally, results suggest that different aspects of song complexity may fulfill non‐equivalent signaling roles.
Lifting Industrial Ecology Modeling to a New Level of Quality and Transparency: A Call for More Transparent Publications and a Collaborative Open Source Software Framework
Authors: Pauliuk Stefan , Majeau‐Bettez Guillaume , Mutel Christopher L. , Steubing Bernhard , Stadler Konstantin
Published: June 2015

Industrial ecology (IE) is a maturing scientific discipline. The field is becoming more data and computation intensive, which requires IE researchers to develop scientific software to tackle novel research questions. We review the current state of software programming and use in our field and find challenges regarding transparency, reproducibility, reusability, and ease of collaboration. Our response to that problem is fourfold: First, we propose how existing general principles for the development of good scientific software could be implemented in IE and related fields. Second, we argue that collaborating on open source software could make IE research more productive and increase its quality, and we present guidelines for the development and distribution of such software. Third, we call for stricter requirements regarding general access to the source code used to produce research results and scientific claims published in the IE literature. Fourth, we describe a set of open source modules for standard IE modeling tasks that represent our first attempt at turning our recommendations into practice. We introduce a Python toolbox for IE that includes the life cycle assessment (LCA) framework Brightway2, the ecospold2matrix module that parses unallocated data in ecospold format, the pySUT and pymrio modules for building and analyzing multiregion input‐output models and supply and use tables, and the dynamic_stock_model class for dynamic stock modeling. Widespread use of open access software can, at the same time, increase quality, transparency, and reproducibility of IE research.
THE IMPACT OF SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS ON QUALITY OF LIFE OF PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE IN GREECE
Authors: Ikonomou Margarita , Skapinakis Petros , Balafa Olga , Eleftheroudi Marianna , Damigos Dimitrios , Siamopoulos Kostas C.
Published: June 2015

Background

Quality of Life (QoL) is often poor in people undergoing dialysis and this sometimes contributes to the high rate of morbidity and mortality. The aim of our study is to assess the QoL of patients on haemodialysis in Greece and discuss the socio‐demographic factors that affect QoL in this period of financial crisis.

Design/Patients

Patients with CKD not on dialysis, plus those undergoing Haemodialysis (HD) and Peritoneal Dialysis (PD) were invited to complete the SF‐36 questionnaire electronically, supervised by a trained nurse. Patients were asked about their marital status, education level and monthly household income. Additionally, patients were requested to comment on their subjective financial difficulties.

Results

A total of 172 patients were enrolled in the study, 39 of them were undergoing PD, 90 on HD and 43 had CKD. Among those with CKD, on HD and PD, 9.3%, 17.8% and 23.1%, respectively, had ‘some/a lot’ difficulties in copying with financial problems. The physical component summary score was significant lower in HD, while the summary score of the mental component showed no differences between the groups. In multiple linear regression analysis, age and dialysis had significantly negative correlations with physical functioning scores. Those who were divorced or widowed tended to perform worse in physical scores compared with those who were married. Mental scores were affected only by coping with financial difficulties.

Conclusions

In general terms, people with CKD patients present with a poor QoL. Apart from the burden of the renal disease per se, social and economic factors (divorce, financial difficulties) seem to aggravate their status, especially in this period of financial crisis.
The stigma of mental illness in Arab families: a concept analysis
Authors: Dardas L. A. , Simmons L. A.
Published: June 2015

Accessible summary

The stigma of mental illness varies significantly from culture to culture and from person to person. To date, little is known about how mental illness stigma manifests within the Arab community.

This study aimed at bringing clarity to the concept of ‘mental illness stigma’ as it applies to Arab families.

Nursing's holistic and patient‐centered approach is integral to helping Arab patients and their families appropriately incorporate individual values, beliefs, and cultural perspectives into treatment plans.

This study establishes a scientific alert for professionals at all levels to avoid making false generalizations about a specific culture that are not based on specific research findings from that culture.

Accessing mental health services is a critical step towards reducing the burden of mental illness. The stigma of mental illness is one of the most common reasons for not seeking mental health care leading to negative health consequences and undue suffering for many individuals and their families. Stigma is embedded in its social context. What may be considered acceptable in one society may be considered unacceptable and open to stigmatization in other societies. Arabs have a shared set of values, beliefs, and traditions that are substantially different from those of Westerners. Further, in most Arab countries, formal mental health resources are scarce and people with mental illness experience the compounded disadvantages of poverty and illness stigma. To date, little is known about how mental illness stigma manifests within the Arab community making it difficult to design and test interventions that support Arab individuals with mental illness and their families in treatment seeking and adherence. Using Rodger's concept analysis method, we examined how ‘mental illness stigma’ operates within an Arab context as a first step towards elucidating culturally competent approaches to treatment. This analysis provides a foundation for future work in the areas of mental illness diagnosis, education, and treatment that reflect the unique characteristics of Arab culture.
The impact of assertive outreach teams on hospital admissions for psychosis: a time series analysis
Authors: Hamilton I. , Lloyd C. , Bland J. M. , Savage Grainge A.
Published: June 2015

Accessible summary

Although the assertive outreach model was developed in the United States and imported to the United Kingdom to date, there is only limited evidence to support its wide‐scale implementation within the United Kingdom.

This is the first study to have combined a large dataset with this type of research method to explore the impact of assertive outreach teams on hospital admissions.

The introduction and expansion of assertive outreach teams was associated with reducing hospital admissions for people with psychosis.

This study found a consistent summer peak in hospital admissions which community and in‐patient mental health nurses should take account of and plan for.

Ever since the Mental Health Policy Implementation Policy Guide paved the way for the introduction of the Assertive Outreach Treatment (AOT) model in England, the impact of this approach has been the subject of considerable debate but limited evaluation. To date, most of the evidence supporting this model has originated from outside the United Kingdom. A central aim of the AOT was to reduce the need for in‐patient treatment. We aimed to assess the impact of the AOT model on hospital admissions for people with psychosis in England. Interrupted time series analysis was used in this study to evaluate the impact of the policy change. Following the introduction of the AOT model, a statistically significant reduction in hospital admissions for psychosis was found. In addition, we observed a repeated, annual summer peak in admissions. This study adds to the international evidence which supports the effectiveness of the AOT model in reducing hospital admissions for people with severe mental health problems. We offer five suggested implications for mental health nurses and clients based on our findings.
Population genetic dynamics of an invasion reconstructed from the sediment egg bank
Authors: Möst Markus , Oexle Sarah , Marková Silvia , Aidukaite Dalia , Baumgartner Livia , Stich Hans‐Bernd , Wessels Martin , Martin‐Creuzburg Dominik , Spaak Piet
Published: June 2015

Biological invasions are a global issue with far‐reaching consequences for single species, communities and whole ecosystems. Our understanding of modes and mechanisms of biological invasions requires knowledge of the genetic processes associated with successful invasions. In many instances, this information is particularly difficult to obtain as the initial phases of the invasion process often pass unnoticed and we rely on inferences from contemporary population genetic data. Here, we combined historic information with the genetic analysis of resting eggs to reconstruct the invasion of Daphnia pulicaria into Lower Lake Constance (LLC) in the 1970s from the resting egg bank in the sediments. We identified the invader as ‘European D. pulicaria’ originating from meso‐ and eutrophic lowland lakes and ponds in Central Europe. The founding population was characterized by extremely low genetic variation in the resting egg bank that increased considerably over time. Furthermore, strong evidence for selfing and/or biparental inbreeding was found during the initial phase of the invasion, followed by a drop of selfing rate to low levels in subsequent decades. Moreover, the increase in genetic variation was most pronounced during early stages of the invasion, suggesting additional introductions during this period. Our study highlights that genetic data covering the entire invasion process from its beginning can be crucial to accurately reconstruct the invasion history of a species. We show that propagule banks can preserve such information enabling the study of population genetic dynamics and sources of genetic variation in successful invasive populations.
Disability and Resurrection Identity
Authors: Ehrman Terrence
Published: June 2015

Christian hope of resurrection requires that the one raised be the same person who died. Philosophers and theologians alike seek to understand the coherence of bodily resurrection and what accounts for numerical identity between the earthly and risen person. I address this question from the perspective of disability. Is a person with a disability raised in the age to come with that disability? Many theologians argue that disability is essential to one's identity such that it could not be eliminated in the resurrection. What anthropology undergirds these claims is not often explicated. I argue that Thomistic hylemorphic anthropology provides the best context to understand the human person such that disability is not essential to identity. In the resurrection, we shall become truly ourselves. The marks of disability may remain, but Thomistic anthropology expresses the coherence of bodily resurrection in which one may hope for healing which eliminates the disability but not numerical identity.
Are sexes equally parasitized in damselflies and dragonflies?
Authors: Ilvonen Jaakko J. , Kaunisto Kari M. , Suhonen Jukka
Published: June 2015

Parasitism plays an essential part in ecology and evolution of host species and understanding the reasons for differential parasitism within and among hosts species is therefore important. Among the very important factors potentially affecting parasitism is the gender of the host. Here, we studied whether either females or males are more likely to harbour parasites among Odonatan insects, by relying on an extensive literature review and new field data. We collected data on numerous dragonfly and damselfly species and their ectoparasites (water mites) and endoparasites (gregarines) to examine the generality of similarities and differences in prevalence, intensity and maximum number of parasites of male and female hosts. We found three main results. Firstly, most of the odonate host species showed no differences between sexes in either gregarine or water mite prevalence and intensity. The only exception was female damselflies’ higher gregarine prevalence and intensity compared to conspecific males. These inequalities in gregarine parasitism may be due to behavioral and physiological differences between conspecific males and females. In comparison, there were no differences in dragonflies between sexes in water mite or gregarine prevalence and intensity. Secondly, damselflies had higher prevalence and intensity levels of both gregarine and water mite parasites compared to dragonflies. Finally, we found a strong species level pattern between female and male parasitism: a certain level of gregarine or water mite parasitism in one sex was matched with a similar parasitism level for the other. This indicates similar exposure and susceptibility to parasites on both sexes. Even though significant differences of parasite levels between the sexes were observed within certain host species, our results strongly suggest that on a general level a more parasitized sex does not exist in the order, Odonata.
Quality of life in old age – a concept analysis
Authors: Boggatz Thomas
Published: June 2015

Aim

To identify existing definitions of quality of life in old age and to determine the most suitable for evaluating outcomes of nursing care for older adults.

Background

Promoting quality of life is a central concern of nursing care for older persons. There is, however, a lack of clarity about the meaning of this concept. Attributes of quality of life are often confused with those factors influencing them.

Design

Concept analysis according to Walker and Avant.

Method

A search was carried out in the databases MEDLINE, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, PsycINFO® and Gerolit for the years 1992–2013. Excerpts dealing with definitions, antecedents, consequences and empirical referents of the concept were compiled.

Results

Three basic concepts for quality of life were identified: satisfying life conditions, subjective general well‐being and subjective fulfilment of dimensions of human life.

Discussion

Satisfying life conditions are antecedent to the other concepts. It is not suitable to view such conditions as an outcome of nursing care for older adults because an outcome has to be a consequence. General well‐being is likely to remain stable over time and changing conditions due to adaptation taking place. Fulfilment of dimensions of human life as a multidimensional inner state may be more sensitive to changing conditions.

Conclusion

Fulfilment of dimensions of human life is the most suitable definition of quality of life in old age as an outcome of nursing care. Studies are needed to decide whether it is responsive to changing circumstances.

Implications for practice

Fulfilment of dimensions of human life should be assessed to provide care that meets the needs of clients.
Identification of QTL controlling high levels of partial resistance to Fusarium solani f. sp. pisi in pea
Authors: Coyne Clarice J. , Pilet‐Nayel Marie‐Laure , McGee Rebecca J. , Porter Lyndon D. , Smýkal Petr , Grünwald Niklaus J.
Published: June 2015

Fusarium root rot is a common biotic restraint on pea yields, and genetic resistance is the most feasible method for improving pea production. This study was conducted to discover quantitative trait loci (QTL) controlling genetic partial resistance to Fusarium root rot caused by Fusarium solani (Mart.) Sacc. f.sp. pisi (F.R. Jones) W.C. Snyder & H.N. Hans (Fsp). A RIL population was screened in a Fusarium root rot field disease nursery for 3 years. Composite interval mapping was employed for QTL detection using the means of disease severity from three growing seasons. Five QTL were identified, including one QTL identified in all three years. The multiyear QTL Fsp‐Ps2.1 contributed to a significant portion of the phenotypic variance (22.1–72.2%), while a second QTL, Fsp‐Ps6.1, contributed 17.3% of the phenotypic variance. The other single growing season QTL are of additional interest as they colocate with previously reported pea–Fusarium root rot resistance QTL. QTL Fsp‐Ps2.1, Fsp‐Ps3.1, Fsp‐4.1 and Fsp‐Ps7.1 are flanked by codominant SSRs and may be useful in marker‐assisted breeding of pea for high levels of partial resistance to Fsp.
Generalized social anxiety disorder: A still‐neglected anxiety disorder 3 decades since Liebowitz's review
Authors: Nagata Toshihiko , Suzuki Futoshi , Teo Alan R.
Published: June 2015

In the 3 decades since Liebowitz's review of ‘a neglected anxiety disorder,’ controversy and challenges have remained in the study of social anxiety disorder (SAD). This review examines evidence around the classification and subtyping of SAD, focusing on generalized SAD. Substantial discrepancies and variation in definition, epidemiology, assessment, and treatment of generalized SAD exist as the international literature on it has grown. In East Asian cultures in particular, study of taijin kyofusho has been important to a broadened conceptualization of SAD into generalized SAD. Despite important progress with biological and other studies, many challenges in the understanding of generalized SAD will remain in the years to come.
Infantile Bullous Pemphigoid Treated Using Intravenous Immunoglobulin: Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Tekin Burak , Yücelten Ayşe Deniz
Published: June 2015

We report a 5‐month‐old girl diagnosed with bullous pemphigoid who initially did not respond to systemic corticosteroids and dapsone but rapidly improved after the addition of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) infusions. A literature search revealed anecdotal cases of infantile bullous pemphigoid treated with IVIG, although variable treatment regimens were used, and some resistant cases required additional medications such as rituximab for clinical remission.
A central approach to splenorenal shunt in pediatric living donor liver transplantation
Authors: Uchida Hajime , Fukuda Akinari , Masatoshi Matsunami , Sasaki Kengo , Shigeta Takanobu , Kanazawa Hiroyuki , Nakazawa Atsuko , Miyazaki Osamu , Nosaka Shunsuke , Sakamoto Seisuke , Kasahara Mureo
Published: June 2015

The management of LSRS is a crucial problem to ensure a sufficient PV flow during pediatric LT. Although several techniques have been indicated to solve this problem, a more appropriate approach to LSRS is still needed in pediatric LT. We herein present a modified surgical approach to the ligation of LSRS via the left side of the IVC for a nine‐month‐old boy with severe portal hypertension and a history of Kasai portoenterostomy. LSRS was identified and exposed through the left side of the IVC and the dorsal surface of the pancreas from the superior side of the body of the pancreas. The post‐operative course was uneventful with an excellent PV flow. The central approach for the ligation of LSRS is worth considering as an alternative procedure for a patient with collateral vessels and a history of multiple laparotomies.
Does EBV alter the pathogenesis of malaria?
Authors: Matar C. G. , Jacobs N. T. , Speck S. H. , Lamb T. J. , Moormann A. M.
Published: June 2015

Plasmodium falciparum infections have been implicated in immune deficiencies resulting in ineffective control of Epstein–Barr virus, thereby increasing the risk of endemic Burkitt lymphoma in children. However, the impact of Epstein–Barr virus infections on the development of immunity to P. falciparum has not been studied in depth. In this review, we examine novel findings from animal co‐infection models and human immuno‐epidemiologic studies to speculate on the impact of acute gammaherpesvirus co‐infection on malarial disease severity. Children are often concurrently or sequentially infected with multiple pathogens, and this has implications for understanding the development of protective immunity as well as in the evaluation of vaccine efficacy.
Joint Initial Stocking and Transshipment—Asymptotics and Bounds
Authors: Yao David D. , Zhou Sean X. , Zhuang Weifen
Published: June 2015

A common problem faced by many firms in their supply chains can be abstracted as follows. Periodically, or at the beginning of some selling season, the firm needs to distribute finished goods to a set of stocking locations, which, in turn, supply customer demands. Over the selling season, if and when there is a supply‐demand mismatch somewhere, a re‐distribution or transshipment will be needed. Hence, there are two decisions involved: the one‐time stocking decision at the beginning of the season and the supply/transshipment decision throughout the season. Applying a stochastic dynamic programming formulation to a two‐location model with compound Poisson demand processes, we identify the optimal supply/transshipment policy and show that the optimal initial stocking quantities can be obtained via maximizing a concave function whereas the contribution of transshipment is of order square‐root‐of T. Hence, in the context of high‐volume, fast‐moving products, the initial stocking quantity decision is a much more important contributor to the overall profit. The bounds also lead to a heuristic policy, which exhibits excellent performance in our numerical study; and we further prove both the bounds and the heuristic policy are asymptotically optimal when T approaches infinity. Extension to multiple locations is also discussed.
Uncovering category specificity of genital sexual arousal in women: The critical role of analytic technique
Authors: Pulverman Carey S. , Hixon J. Gregory , Meston Cindy M.
Published: June 2015

Based on analytic techniques that collapse data into a single average value, it has been reported that women lack category specificity and show genital sexual arousal to a large range of sexual stimuli including those that both match and do not match their self‐reported sexual interests. These findings may be a methodological artifact of the way in which data are analyzed. This study examined whether using an analytic technique that models data over time would yield different results. Across two studies, heterosexual (N = 19) and lesbian (N = 14) women viewed erotic films featuring heterosexual, lesbian, and gay male couples, respectively, as their physiological sexual arousal was assessed with vaginal photoplethysmography. Data analysis with traditional methods comparing average genital arousal between films failed to detect specificity of genital arousal for either group. When data were analyzed with smoothing regression splines and a within‐subjects approach, both heterosexual and lesbian women demonstrated different patterns of genital sexual arousal to the different types of erotic films, suggesting that sophisticated statistical techniques may be necessary to more fully understand women's genital sexual arousal response. Heterosexual women showed category‐specific genital sexual arousal. Lesbian women showed higher arousal to the heterosexual film than the other films. However, within subjects, lesbian women showed significantly different arousal responses suggesting that lesbian women's genital arousal discriminates between different categories of stimuli at the individual level. Implications for the future use of vaginal photoplethysmography as a diagnostic tool of sexual preferences in clinical and forensic settings are discussed.
Dynamic capabilities for service innovation: conceptualization and measurement
Authors: Janssen Matthijs J. , Castaldi Carolina , Alexiev Alexander
Published: June 2015

Although the development of new services is becoming a major concern for firms throughout the entire economy, there is only little insight in the organizational antecedents of service innovation. It is widely acknowledged that engaging in R&D is relatively uncommon for service providers, but there are also indications that the R&D concept is poorly applicable to service innovation in the first place. Therefore, attention is shifting toward the actual capabilities that allow a firm to source ideas and convert them into marketable service propositions. This paper provides the operationalization of a set of dynamic service innovation capabilities (DSICs) that is general enough to be relevant across different sectoral contexts. While the selected framework is found to consolidate earlier works on the specificities of service innovation, it also captures broad insights on the evolutionary properties of the creation of novel solutions. Thereby, it exemplifies how DSICs can be conceptualized according to the so‐called synthesis approach to service innovation. We operationalize a refined version of such DSICs and develop a measurement scale, using two multi‐industry subsamples from a dataset of 391 Dutch firms. The measured capabilities are found to correlate to different extents with performance measures. Our main contribution, a validated scale for five complementary DSICs, opens the way to comparative analyses regarding firm abilities for creating innovative services.
Survey Instruments and the Reports of Consumption Expenditures: Evidence From the Consumer Expenditure Surveys
Authors: Battistin Erich , Padula Mario
Published: June 2015

The paper uses data from the consumer expenditure surveys to demonstrate that the mode of collection is important for the analysis of consumption data. We first show that population figures obtained with diaries markedly differ from figures obtained by using recall questions. We then exploit multiple measurements of food expenditure to identify the effects of the mode of collection on the distribution of reported consumption. Finally, we show how to combine information from multiple reports to obtain a single measure of total expenditure in consumer expenditure surveys. The paper concludes by offering guidelines for empirical analyses based on these data, and by providing an application of the methods proposed to the measurement of inequality and wellbeing.
Estimating Controlled Direct Effects of Restrictive Feeding Practices in the ‘Early Dieting in Girls’ Study
Authors: Zhu Yeying , Ghosh Debashis , Coffman Donna L. , Savage Jennifer S.
Published: June 2015

We examine the causal effect of parental restrictive feeding practices on children's weight status. An important mediator is children's self-regulation status. Recent approaches interpret mediation effects on the basis of the potential outcomes framework. Inverse probability weighting based on propensity scores are used to adjust for confounding and to reduce the dimensionality of confounders simultaneously. We show that combining machine learning algorithms and logistic regression to estimate the propensity scores can be more accurate and efficient in estimating the controlled direct effects than using logistic regression alone. A data application shows that the causal effect of mother's restrictive feeding differs according to whether the daughter eats in the absence of hunger.
EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF THE DYNAMICS OF TOURISTS USING A SIMPLE STOCHASTIC MODEL: CASE OF OKINAWA
Authors: Iwahashi Roki , Ito Tadashi
Published: June 2015

Unlike the conventional theoretical approach explaining tourism demand by various kinds of determinants, this paper proposes a model in which probabilistic behavior explains the dynamics of the number of tourists. More specifically, the model assumes two different probabilities: one for first‐time travelers and another for frequent travelers. This paper empirically examines the dynamics of tourists to Okinawa, Japan. While income and transport costs explain the probability of first‐time visitors, they do not explain the probability of returning visitors; however, congestion index, which reflects the busy lifestyle of larger cities, does. This suggests that tourism policy should differ depending on how mature or well established a location is as a tourist destination. Given that Okinawa is acknowledged as the foremost resort destination among Japanese, the priority for resource allocation of tourism promotion should focus on the preservation of the natural environment and original culture, thereby offering a unique experience to visitors.
Use of the Modified Emotional Stroop Task to Detect Suicidality in College Population
Authors: Chung Yeunjoo , Jeglic Elizabeth L.
Published: June 2015

This cross‐sectional study investigated the usefulness of the emotional Stroop task (EST) as a behavioral marker for suicidal behaviors in a college population. Eight hundred twenty college students were asked to perform on the EST and to respond to suicide‐related self‐report measures. The results indicated that past suicide attempters were slower in responding to the word “suicide” as compared to nonattempters, and female past attempters showed more delayed response when their most recent attempt was made in the past 12 months. We did not find evidence that the EST could outperform the traditional self‐report measures.
Suicide Disclosure in Suicide Attempt Survivors: Does Family Reaction Moderate or Mediate Disclosure's Effect on Depression?
Authors: Frey Laura M. , Hans Jason D. , Cerel Julie
Published: June 2015

Existing literature has found a link between disclosure of a stigmatized identity and improved mental health; however, research on the impact of suicide disclosure to family members is scarce. Suicide attempt survivors (n = 74) in the United States were examined to assess whether family reaction moderates or mediates the relationship between suicide disclosure and subsequent depression symptoms. Family reaction did not moderate but did mediate the relationship between disclosure and depression symptoms while controlling for time since most recent attempt. Higher rates of disclosure predicted more positive family reactions, which in turn predicted less severe depression symptoms. Findings indicate that family members can play an essential role in the recovery process after an attempt occurs, which has important implications for both researchers and clinicians who seek to decrease stigma for attempt survivors while simultaneously decreasing the likelihood of future attempts.
Exploring the potential of sequential simulation
Authors: Powell Polly , Sorefan Zinah , Hamilton Sara , Kneebone Roger , Bello Fernando
Published: June 2015

Context

Several recent papers have highlighted the need for better integrated care to improve health care for children and families. Our team spent a year exploring the potential of ‘Sequential Simulation’ (SqS) as a teaching tool to address this need with young people and multidisciplinary teams. SqS allows the simulation of a series of key events or ‘crunch points’ that come together to represent the patient journey, and highlights the impact of individuals on this journey. The pilot SqS was based on an adolescent with asthma – a common condition that requires excellent multidisciplinary care with the patient at the centre.

Innovation

The SqS was designed using transportable sets and audio‐visual equipment to create realism. Actors were employed to play the roles of the young person and mother and health professionals played themselves. The SqS was run at different events with varied audiences, including young people, health professionals and teachers. It was used to explore the difficulties that can arise during a patient journey, the importance of communication throughout, and to highlight the significance of each individual in the patient experience.

Results

The SqS was met with enthusiasm and felt to be an innovative and effective way of promoting better teamwork and communication. It was well received at a school asthma education event for pupils and community teams, demonstrating its varied potential. The year was the first step in the introduction of this exciting new concept that has the potential to help promote better integrated care for paediatric patients and their families.

Our team spent a year exploring the potential of ‘Sequential Simulation’ as a teaching tool [to provide better integrated care]
Road traffic injuries in northern Laos: trends and risk factors of an underreported public health problem
Authors: Slesak Günther , Inthalath Saythong , Wilder‐Smith Annelies , Barennes Hubert
Published: June 2015

Objectives

Road traffic injuries (RTI) have become a leading cause for admissions at Luang Namtha Provincial Hospital (LNPH) in rapidly developing northern Laos. Objectives were to investigate trends, risk factors and better estimates of RTI.

Methods

Repeated annual surveys were conducted with structured questionnaires among all RTI patients at LNPH from 2007 to 2011. Hospital and police data were combined by capture–recapture method.

Results

The majority of 1074 patients were young [median 22 years (1–88)], male (68%), motorcyclists (76%), drove without licence (85%) and without insurance (95%). Most accidents occurred during evenings and Lao New Year. Serious motorbike injuries were associated with young age (1–15 years), male sex (OR 2.2, 95% CI 1.1–4.6) and drivers (OR 2.1, 95% CI 1.1–4.3); more serious head injuries with alcohol consumption (OR 2.5, 95% CI 1.7–3.7), male sex (OR 2.3, 95% CI 1.4–3.7) and no helmet use (OR 2.0, 95% CI 1.2–3.4). No helmet use was associated with young age, time period, pillion passengers (OR 2.7, 95% CI 1.6–4.7), alcohol (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.2–2.8) and no driver license (OR 2.0; 95% CI 1.1–3.4). Main reasons not to wear helmets were not possessing one, and being pillion passenger. Capture–recapture analysis showed four times higher RTI estimates than officially reported. Mortality rate was 11.6/100.000 population (95% CI 5.1–18.1/100.000).

Conclusions

RTI were substantially underestimated. Combining hospital with police data can provide better estimates in resource‐limited settings. Preventive programmes and law enforcement have to target male drivers, alcohol, licensing and helmet use, especially among children and pillion passengers. Increased efforts are needed during evening time and special festivals.
The deubiquitinating enzyme AMSH1 is required for rhizobial infection and nodule organogenesis in Lotus japonicus
Authors: Małolepszy Anna , Urbański Dorian Fabian , James Euan K. , Sandal Niels , Isono Erika , Stougaard Jens , Andersen Stig Uggerhøj
Published: June 2015

Legume–rhizobium symbiosis contributes large quantities of fixed nitrogen to both agricultural and natural ecosystems. This global impact and the selective interaction between rhizobia and legumes culminating in development of functional root nodules have prompted detailed studies of the underlying mechanisms. We performed a screen for aberrant nodulation phenotypes using the Lotus japonicus LORE1 insertion mutant collection. Here, we describe the identification of amsh1 mutants that only develop small nodule primordia and display stunted shoot growth, and show that the aberrant nodulation phenotype caused by LORE1 insertions in the Amsh1 gene may be separated from the shoot phenotype. In amsh1 mutants, rhizobia initially became entrapped in infection threads with thickened cells walls. Some rhizobia were released into plant cells much later than observed for the wild‐type; however, no typical symbiosome structures were formed. Furthermore, cytokinin treatment only very weakly induced nodule organogenesis in amsh1 mutants, suggesting that AMSH1 function is required downstream of cytokinin signaling. Biochemical analysis showed that AMSH1 is an active deubiquitinating enzyme, and that AMSH1 specifically cleaves K63‐linked ubiquitin chains. Post‐translational ubiquitination and deubiquitination processes involving the AMSH1 deubiquitinating enzyme are thus involved in both infection and organogenesis in Lotus japonicus.
OsARID3, an AT‐rich Interaction Domain‐containing protein, is required for shoot meristem development in rice
Authors: Xu Yan , Zong Wei , Hou Xin , Yao Jialing , Liu Hongbo , Li Xianghua , Zhao Yunde , Xiong Lizhong
Published: June 2015

The shoot apical meristem (SAM) produces all of the plant's aerial organs. The SAM is established either during embryogenesis or experimentally in in vitro tissue culture. Although several factors including the Class I KNOTTED1‐LIKE HOMEOBOX (KNOXI) proteins, auxin, and cytokinin are known to play essential roles in SAM development, the underlying mechanisms of SAM formation and maintenance are still largely not understood. Herein we demonstrate that OsARID3, a member of the rice (Oryza sativa) AT‐rich Interaction Domain (ARID) family, is required for SAM development. Disruption of OsARID3 leads to a defective SAM, early seedling lethality, and impaired capacity of in vitro shoot regeneration. We show that the expression levels of several KNOXI genes and the biosynthetic genes for auxin and cytokinin are significantly altered in the Osarid3 mutant calli. Moreover, we determine that auxin concentrations are increased, whereas cytokinin levels are decreased, in Osarid3 calli. Furthermore, chromatin immunoprecipitation results demonstrate that OsARID3 binds directly to the KNOXI gene OSH71, the auxin biosynthetic genes OsYUC1 and OsYUC6, and the cytokinin biosynthetic genes OsIPT2 and OsIPT7. We also show through electrophoretic mobility shift assays that OsARID3 specifically binds to the AT‐rich DNA sequences of the identified target genes. We conclude that OsARID3 is an AT‐rich specific DNA‐binding protein and that it plays a major role in SAM development in rice.
Optimizing Eating Performance for Older Adults With Dementia Living in Long‐term Care: A Systematic Review
Authors: Liu Wen , Galik Elizabeth , Boltz Marie , Nahm Eun‐Shim , Resnick Barbara
Published: June 2015

Background

Review of research to date has been focusing on maintaining weight and nutrition with little attention on optimizing eating performance.

Objective

To evaluate the effectiveness of interventions on eating performance for older adults with dementia in long‐term care (LTC).

Methods

A systematic review was performed. Five databases including Pubmed, Medline (OVID), EBM Reviews (OVID), PsychINFO (OVID), and CINAHL (EBSCOHost) were searched between January 1980 and June 2014. Keywords included dementia, Alzheimer, feed(ing), eat(ing), mealtime(s), oral intake, autonomy, and intervention. Intervention studies that optimize eating performance and evaluate change of self‐feeding or eating performance among older adults (≥65 years) with dementia in LTC were eligible. Studies were screened by title and abstract, and full texts were reviewed for eligibility. Eligible studies were classified by intervention type. Study quality was accessed using the Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies, and level of evidence using the 2011 Oxford Centre for Evidence‐Based Medicine (OCEBM) Levels of Evidence.

Results

Eleven intervention studies (five randomized controlled trials [RCTs]) were identified, and classified into four types: training program, mealtime assistance, environmental modification, and multicomponent intervention. The quality of the 11 studies was generally moderate (four studies were rated as strong, four moderate, and three weak in quality), with the main threats as weak designs, lack of blinding and control for confounders, and inadequate psychometric evidence for measures. Training programs targeting older adults (Montessori methods and spaced retrieval) demonstrated good evidence in decreasing feeding difficulty. Mealtime assistance offered by nursing staff (e.g., verbal prompts and cues, positive reinforcement, appropriate praise and encouragement) also showed effectiveness in improving eating performance.

Linking evidence to action

This review provided preliminary support for using training and mealtime assistance to optimize eating performance for older adults with dementia in LTC. Future effectiveness studies may focus on training nursing caregivers as interventionists, lengthening intervention duration, and including residents with varying levels of cognitive impairment in diverse cultures. The effectiveness of training combined with mealtime assistance may also be tested to achieve better resident outcomes in eating performance.
Optimizing Jets for Active Control of Wake Refinement for Ground Vehicles
Authors: Barsotti Domenic L. , Divo Eduardo A. , Boetcher Sandra K. S.
Published: June 2015

The present study investigates active drag reduction of an Ahmed body with a rear slant angle of 25 deg. The drag is reduced by implementing slot jets on the rear slant and rear surface of the Ahmed body. Transient numerical experiments were conducted using the improved delayed detached eddy simulation (IDDES) turbulence model. Jet velocity, position, size, and angle were parametrically varied, and time-averaged drag coefficients for various jet configurations were calculated. Reynolds numbers based on the length of the Ahmed body were varied, but special focus was given to the high-drag case when Re = 1.4 × 106. It was found that by using slot jets at the rear and rear slant, the drag coefficient was reduced by 22%. In order to investigate the physical mechanisms for the reduction in drag, proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) was used to visualize the turbulent coherent structures in the near wake of the Ahmed body.
Numerical and Experimental Investigation of Tip Leakage Vortex Cavitation Patterns and Mechanisms in an Axial Flow Pump
Authors: Zhang Desheng , Shi Weidong , Pan Dazhi , Dubuisson Michel
Published: June 2015

The tip leakage vortex (TLV) cavitating flow in an axial flow pump was simulated based on an improved shear stress transport (SST) k-ω turbulence model and the homogeneous cavitation model. The generation and dynamics of the TLV cavitation throughout the blade cascades at different cavitation numbers were investigated by the numerical and experimental visualizations. The investigation results show that the corner vortex cavitation in the tip clearance is correlated with the reversed flow at the pressure side (PS) corner of blade, and TLV shear layer cavitation is caused by the interaction between the wall jet flow in the tip and the main flow in the impeller. The TLV cavitation patterns including TLV cavitation, tip corner vortex cavitation, shear layer cavitation, and blowing cavitation are merged into the unstable large-scale TLV cloud cavitation at critical cavitation conditions, which grows and collapses periodically near trailing edge (TE).
Experimental Study of Shape Transition in an Acoustically Levitated and Externally Heated Droplet
Authors: Pathak Binita , Sanyal Apratim , Basu Saptarshi
Published: June 2015

Experimental analyses of surface oscillations are reported in acoustically levitated, radiatively heated bicomponent droplets with one volatile and other being nonvolatile. Two instability pathways are observed: one being acoustically driven observed in low-vapor pressure fluid droplets and other being boiling driven observed in high-vapor pressure fluid droplets. The first pathway shows extreme droplets deformation and subsequent breakup by acoustic pressure and externally supplied heat. Also transition of instabilities from acoustically activated shape distortion regime to thermally induced boiling regime is observed with increasing concentration of volatile component in bicomponent droplets. Precursor phases of instabilities are investigated using Legendre’s polynomial.
Effect of Initial Imperfections on the Strength of Restrained Plates
Authors: Gordo José Manuel
Published: June 2015

Most common studies on the strength of plates under compressive longitudinal loading are related to plates having unrestrained edges which lead to a zero net load in the transverse direction. In ships, the framing system and the continuity of the plating in the transverse direction tend to induce rather different boundary conditions on the “unloaded” edges, which results in a completely different state of stresses when the external loads are applied. This is due to the surge of a significant level of induced membrane stresses in the direction perpendicular to loading. In this work, the behavior of long restrained plates under compressive axial loading is analyzed and compared with the one of plates having other boundary conditions. The finite element method is applied for the nonlinear analysis of the plates using a commercial package. Fifty-six cases are considered corresponding to different levels of plate slenderness which ranges between 0.35 and 3.46 covering the practical range of structural plates used in the shipbuilding industry. Various shapes of initial imperfections are considered in order to establish the minimum level of resistance. Also, the influence of the magnitude of the distortions associated to each mode is discussed. The study conducted to the establishment of the minimum compressive strength of restrained plates and it defines the expected range of strength's variation due to the magnitude level of distortions. The biaxial state of stresses resulting from these boundary conditions is characterized and its dependence from the plate's slenderness is quantified for the most common type of the hull plating.