bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The short test with hydrochlorothiazide in differential diagnosis between primary normocalcemic and secondary hyperparathyroidism for inpatient treatment
Authors: Eremkina A. K. , Elfimova A. R. , Aboisheva E. A. , Karaseva E. V. , Fadeeva M. I. , Maganeva I. S. , Kovaleva E. V. , Gorbacheva A. M. , Bibik E. E. , Mokrysheva N. G.
Published: September 2022

BACKGROUND: Differential diagnosis between the normocalcemic primary hyperparathyroidism (nPHPT) and secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) due to hypercalciuria remains a challenge.

AIM: The aim of this study was to investigate the capability of short test with hydrochlorothiazide for the differential diagnosis of nPHPT and SHPT.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted with the participation of 28 patients who underwent a functional test with thiazide diuretics during hospitalization in the Department of parathyroid glands pathology and mineral disorders of the Endocrinology Research Centre, Russia. Parameters of mineral metabolism were evaluated before and 3–5 days after taking hydrochlorothiazide 50 mg/day.

RESULTS: According to baseline and dynamic biochemical evaluation patients were divided into 3 groups. Group 1 (n=21) included patients with confirmed PHPT, who reached hypercalcemia accompanying with an elevated level of iPTH (n=19) or an increased level of iPTH accompanying with normocalcemia (n=2). In group 1, baseline Caadj. was 2.48 mmol/l [2.47; 2.52], iPTH 107.5 pg/ml [86.8; 133.0], after short test — 2.63 mmol/l [2.59; 2.66] and 102.1 pg/ml [95,7; 124,1]. Group 2 included only one who was diagnosed with SHPT, a normal value of iPTH with concomitant normocalcemia was achieved after 4 days of hydrochlorothiazide therapy (baseline Caadj. 2.35 mmol/l, iPTH 74.5 pg/ml vs at 2.27 mmol/l and 50.7 pg/ml respectively). Patients with doubtful results of the test entered in group 3 (n=6), they did not achieve significant changes in the calcium and iPTH levels, so it was recommended to continue the test on an outpatient basis (baseline Caadj. 2.39 mmol/l [2.33;2.45], iPTH 97.0 pg/ml [83.1;117.0]); after short test — 2.47 mmol/l [2.42; 2.48] and 91.3 pg/ml [86.9; 124.0] respectively). Groups with PHPT and SHPT and doubtful results significantly differed from each other in Caadj (р=0.003, U-test, Bonferroni correction Р0=0.006), but not in iPTH, daily calciuria, eGFR, and phosphorus. There were no significant differences in the incidence of classical complications of PHPT.

CONCLUSION: The diagnosis of PHPT was confirmed in 21/28 patients 3–5 days after taking hydrochlorothiazide 50 mg/day. The obtained results are significant for the differential diagnosis in hospitalized patients with an unspecified genesis of hyperparathyroidism.
Elimination of iodine deficiency is a concern for the health of the nation. An excursion into the history, scientific aspects and the current state of the legal regulation of the problem in Russia
Authors: Troshina E. A.
Published: September 2022

The article presents current data on the prevalence of thyroid diseases associated with iodine deficiency in Russia, focuses on the features of the comorbidity of iodine deficiency and autoimmune thyroid pathologies, methods for assessing the iodine supply of the population. Information about the study and prevention of iodine deficiency diseases (IDD) in the USSR and the Russian Federation is given. The history of legislative initiatives aimed at eliminating dietary iodine deficiency and preventing IDD is illustrated in detail. The ways of solving the problem of iodine deficiency at the present stage, both at the federal and regional levels, are proposed.
Adjetivos nas gramáticas do português
Authors: Carvalho Roberto Santos de , Kanthack Gessilene Silveira
Published: September 2022

Este artigo visa a apontar que mesmo depois de cinco décadas do advento da Nomenclatura Gramatical Brasileira (NGB), ainda seja possível perceber, nas gramáticas do português, uma variedade de códigos terminológicos para se referir ao mesmo tipo de adjetivo. Visamos, com isso, levantar alguns questionamentos acerca dos motivos pelos quais ainda persiste um conflito de termos em torno da classe dos adjetivos, além de sinalizar a possibilidade de simplificação e padronização dos conceitos e da nomenclatura conflitante.
Sociolinguística variacionista
Authors: Coan Márluce , Freitag Raquel Meister Ko.
Published: September 2022

Este artigo, de caráter teórico-aplicado, visa, inicialmente, à apresentação da proposta teórico-metodológica da Sociolinguística. Na sequência, os pressupostos sociolinguísticos são correlacionados ao ensino e, com o propósito de verificar a inclusão desses pressupostos em documento oficial que pauta os projetos político-pedagógicos das escolas, analisamos os Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais. Ao final do artigo, demonstramos a possibilidade de abordar, em sala de aula, habilidades sociolinguísticas.
Emetine reduces the effective dose of cisplatin or carboplatin required to inhibit bladder cancer cell proliferation
Authors: J. Davidson Valerie , Patel Deval , Flanigan Robert , N. Gupta Gopal , E. Foreman Kimberly
Published: September 2022

OBJECTIVE: We analyzed a novel therapeutic combination of emetine dihydrochloride added to standard of care chemotherapeutic agents (cisplatin, carboplatin, gemcitabine) in human muscle-invasive bladder cancer cell lines to determine if emetine enhanced their anti-tumor activity.
METHODS: Cells were treated with emetine, cisplatin (or carboplatin), and gemcitabine for 24–96 h in vitro. Cell proliferation, apoptosis, autophagy, cell cycle distribution and colony formation were analyzed.
 
RESULTS: Addition of low dose emetine enhanced the anti-proliferative activity of cisplatin-gemcitabine and carboplatin-gemcitabine against muscle-invasive bladder cancer, but not normal urothelial cells. Importantly, lower doses of cisplatin and carboplatin were required to achieve significant growth inhibition when emetine was included in the therapy. Treatment resulted in a combination of growth arrest, apoptosis and autophagy.
CONCLUSIONS: The inclusion of low dose emetine as part of multi-modal therapy for muscle-invasive bladder cancer could benefit patients by enhancing the anti-tumor activity of standard of care chemotherapy. It allowed for dose reduction of cisplatin and increased the efficacy of carboplatin. This may allow more patients currently unfit for cisplatin-based therapy to benefit from treatment.
Comparison of 2D and 3D ultrasound methods to measure serial bladder volumes during filling: Steps toward development of non-invasive ultrasound urodynamics
Authors: Nagle Anna S. , J. Bernardo Rachel , Varghese Jary , R. Carucci Laura , P. Klausner Adam , E. Speich John
Published: September 2022

Objectives: Non-invasive methods to objectively characterize overactive bladder (OAB) and other forms of voiding dysfunction using real-time ultrasound are currently under development but require accurate and precise serial measurements of bladder volumes during filling. This study’s objective was to determine the most accurate and precise ultrasound-based method of quantifying serial bladder volumes during urodynamics (UD).
Methods: Twelve female participants with OAB completed an extended UD procedure with the addition of serial bladder ultrasound images captured once per minute. Bladder volume was measured using three ultrasound methods: (1) Vspheroid: two-dimensional (2D) method calculated assuming spheroid geometry; (2) Vbih: 2D correction method obtained by multiplying Vspheroid by a previously derived correction factor of 1.375; and (3) V3D: three-dimensional (3D) method obtained by manually tracing the bladder outline in six planes automatically reconstructed into a solid rendered volume. These volumes were compared to a control (Vcontrol) obtained by adding UD infused volume and the volume of estimated urine production.
Results: Based on linear regression analysis, both Vbih and V3D were fairly accurate estimators of Vcontrol, but V3D was more precise. Vspheroid significantly underestimated Vcontrol.
Conclusions: Although the Vbih and V3D methods were more accurate than the more-commonly used Vspheroid method for measuring bladder volumes during UD, the V3D method was the most precise and could best account for non-uniform bladder geometries. Therefore, the V3D method may represent the best tool required for the continued development of non-invasive methods to diagnose OAB and other forms of voiding dysfunction.
Classification of the urinary metabolome using machine learning and potential applications to diagnosing interstitial cystitis
Authors: Tong Feng , Shahid Muhammad , Jin Peng , Jung Sungyong , Kim Won Hwa , Kim Jayoung
Published: September 2022

With the advent of artificial intelligence (AI) in biostatistical analysis and modeling, machine learning can potentially be applied into developing diagnostic models for interstitial cystitis (IC). In the current clinical setting, urologists are depen-dent on cystoscopy and questionnaire-based decisions to diagnose IC. This is a result of a lack of objective diagnostic molecular biomarkers. The purpose of this study was to develop a machine learning-based method for diagnosing IC and assess its performance using metabolomics profiles obtained from a prior study. To develop the machine learning algorithm, two classification methods, support vector machine (SVM) and logistic regression (LR), set at various pa-rameters, were applied to 43 IC patients and 16 healthy controls. There were 3 measures used in this study, accuracy, precision (positive predictive value), and recall (sensitivity). Individual precision and recall (PR) curves were drafted. Since the sample size was relatively small, complicated deep learning could not be done. We achieved a 76%–86% accuracy with leave-one-out cross validation depending on the method and parameters set. The highest accuracy achieved was 86.4% using SVM with a polynomial kernel degree set to 5, but a larger area under the curve (AUC) from the PR curve was achieved using LR with a l1-norm regularizer. The AUC was greater than 0.9 in its ability to discriminate IC patients from controls, suggesting that the algorithm works well in identifying IC, even when there is a class distribution imbal-ance between the IC and control samples. This finding provides further insight into utilizing previously identified urinary metabolic biomarkers in developing machine learning algorithms that can be applied in the clinical setting.
Biomechanics of urinary bladder: slow-filling and slow-emptying cystometry and accommodation
Authors: Duyl Wim A. van
Published: September 2022

OBJECTIVE: In a concept of accommodation of detrusor pressure to volume as an autonomous potency of the bladder, a crucial physiological biomechanical role has been attributed to spontaneous contraction activity. This concept is experimentally investigated on pig bladder in vitro.METHODS: Slowly emptying of not-stimulated pig bladders via a flow resistor has been recorded and the effect of spontaneous contractions on the tonic pressure during emptying by expulsion has been studied.RESULTS: The expulsed volume can be separated in a reduction of elastic volume and of rest volume. Tonic pressure is determined by the elastic volume in combination with elastic compliance. In an accommodated state completely transient superimposed pressure waves affect rest volume not elastic volume. Accommodation of tonic detrusor pressure to bladder volume is based on equilibration between passive elongations and active transient contractions distributed in bladder wall.CONCLUSION: Maintenance of a tonic accommodated detrusor pressure to a constant or slowly varying volume, obtained by a process of equilibration between passive elongations and active contractions, can be understood as an autonomous potency of a bladder. The earlier presented concept of active accommodation has been validated by the experiments. The pressure-volume relation of the bladder is fundamentally revised. Total volume V can be virtually separated in an elastic volume VE and a plastic or rest volume VR. Both parts change with V and in changing ratio. Tonic pressure marks a border between VE and VR.
Disturbance in Serum Levels of IL-17 and TGF-β1 and in Gene Expression of ROR-γt and FOX-P3 Is Associated with Pathogenicity of Systematic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Ali Hanaa N. , Alubaidi Ghassaq T. , Gorial Faiq I. , Jasim Ilham A.
Published: September 2022

To investigate the disturbance in serum levels of interleukin-17 (IL-17) and transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-β1) and gene expression of retinoic acid-related orphan receptor-gamma t (ROR-γt) and forkhead box-P3 (FOX-P3) in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and to study their association with disease pathogenicity and activity. Newly diagnosed active patients with SLE (n=88) and healthy volunteers (n=70) were included. Serum IL-17 and TGF-β1 were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Gene-expression profiles of ROR-γt and FOX-P3 were screened using real-time polymerase chain reaction. The IL-17/TGF-β1 and ROR-γt/FOX-P3 levels were also calculated. The mean age of the patients was 30.96±8.25 years; they were 82 women and 6 men. Of the patients, 11.4% manifested mild disease while 88.6% had severe disease. The serum level of TGF-β1 was significantly lower (70.2±34.9 vs. 200.23±124.77 pg/ml), while both IL-17 (614.7±317.5 vs. 279.76±110.65 pg/ml) and IL-17/TGF-β1 (18.5±30.1 vs. 1.66±0.9) levels were significantly higher, in patients than in controls (p<0.0001). The gene-expression level of FOX-P3 (0.6±0.8 vs. 13.68±39.35) was reported to be lower, while ROR-γt (3.9±3.5 vs. 1.99±2.09) and ROR-γt/FOX-P3 (18.6±21.1 vs. 7.63±17.19) levels were significantly higher, in patients than in controls (p<0.0001). Disturbance in serum levels of IL-17 and TGF-β1 in T helper-17 and T-regulatory cells proliferation was highlighted through an imbalance in the gene expression of FOX-P3 and ROR-γt, as both are signature genes for the two cell types, respectively. These findings underscore the critical role of IL-17 and TGF-β1 in SLE development, rendering them potential targets for developing novel immunotherapeutic strategies.
Rare Location of a Dermoid Cyst in the Parotid Gland: A Case Report
Authors: Vavro Michal , Horák Samuel , Dvoranová Bronislava , Čierna Zuzana , Babál Pavel , Kobzová Daniela , Hirjak Dušan , Czakó Ladislav
Published: September 2022

Dermoid cyst of the parotid gland is a lesion composed of benign tissues of ectodermal and mesodermal origin. Although a dermoid cyst can be encountered across nearly all sites of the body, its location in the head and neck area is quite uncommon and even more unusual inside the parotid gland. We present a case of a patient with gradually enlarging tumour in her right parotid gland who underwent surgical removal of the tumour histologically corresponding to a dermoid cyst.
Síťování škol: Případová studie Anglie
Authors: Pražák Daniel , Dvořák Dominik
Published: September 2022

Síťování škol se v posledních letech stalo novým nástrojem správy a rozvoje vzdělávacího systému vedle dvou již zavedených forem řízení – hierarchického a tržního modelu. Zejména v Anglii zaujímá spolupráce škol centrální místo v současné vzdělávací politice. Tato single country případová studie popisuje dva hlavní typy vznikajících anglických sítí škol: sítě pro interorganizační učení mezi více a méně úspěšnými školami a sítě škol se společnými řídicímin strukturami. Typologie je doplněna ilustrativními příklady tří konkrétních sítí. V závěru článku poukazujeme na shody a rozdíly v kontextech síťování v Česku a Anglii a uvádíme poznatky o fungování sítí v době pandemie.
Preparation and evaluation of high-performance modified alkyd resins based on 1,3,5-tris-(2-hydroxyethyl)cyanuric acid and study of their anticorrosive properties for surface coating applications
Authors: Al-Zahrani Fatimah Ali M. , Lin Long , Abd El-Wahab Hamada
Published: September 2022

By partially substituting 1,3,5-tris-(2-hydroxyethyl) cyanuric acid for glycerol as the polyol, new modified alkyd resins having a wide range of oil length and hydroxyl content were produced. FT-IR, 1H NMR, acid and iodine values, and other characterization techniques were used to confirm the chemical compositions of the modified alkyd resins. The drying qualities of the alkyd resins synthesized were significantly enhanced by adding a greater quantity of freshly prepared polyol and excess –OH, along with improvements in flexibility, gloss measurement, gloss measurement, and scratch hardness, in comparison to unaltered alkyd resin (blank). The corrosion resistance of dried coated steel panels was examined using a salt spray test. By using a specifically designed modified alkyd resin as a binder, the corrosion resistance of painted steel panels was improved. The addition of the new polyol, which contains nitrogen components, as well as the alkyd resins that provide strong adherence to the steel surface, may be responsible for such an improvement.
Management challenges of Rabson Mendenhall syndrome in a resource limited country: a case report
Authors: Aftab Sommayya , Shaheen Tahir , Asif Rameen , Anjum Muhammad Nadeem , Saeed Anjum , Manzoor Jaida , Cheema Huma Arshad
Published: September 2022

Objectives

Rabson Mendenhall syndrome  (RMS) is a rare form of insulin resistance syndrome caused by insulin receptor mutation. In term of severity, it lies at an intermediate point on spectrum of insulin resistance with Donohue syndrome flanking the severe and Type A insulin resistance at the mild end. We are reporting a 3.5-month-old boy with RMS along with its management challenges in a resource limited country.

Case presentation

An infant presented at 3.5-month of an age with failure to thrive and fluctuating blood glucose level (hyperglycaemia and hypoglycaemia) along with clinical features of insulin resistance. He was found to have raised HbA1C, high insulin and C peptide level and a homozygous mutation in INSR gene c.1049C>T, (p.Ser350 Leu) confirming the diagnosis of RMS. He was managed with long-acting insulin (Detemir) along with frequent feeding.

Conclusions

RMS in resource limited countries could be managed with frequent feeding along with insulin. Early diagnosis and management can improve long term outcome.
Digital Platform as an Object Modern Educational Space
Authors:   Xi’an University of Petroleum, Hude Lo , Ruliene Lyubov N. ,   Buryat State University named after Dorji Banzarov
Published: September 2022

The article discusses the scientific and practical problem of improving the practice of online learning using digital educational platforms – objects of educational space that fully provide educational and administrative processes. At the same time, commercial activities for the development of digital platforms require a scientific and pedagogical analysis of innovations in this area. The purpose of the article is to consider the potential of digital educational platforms to improve the quality of teachers’ educational activities, not only for the efficiency and automation of the educational process, but also to increase the productivity of students’ educational activities, for the implementation of deep learning. Methodology and research methods: the research was carried out in the context of a cognitive approach that considers global digitalization not only as a means of solving a variety of practical problems, but also a threat to human existence, focusing on the humanization of digital/information technologies; taking into account the concept of educational space, representing educational space as an object world and the subject of subjective activity. To prepare this article, we used methods of establishing causal relationships, which allowed us to identify an objective relationship between the key concepts of the problem under consideration; a web analytics tool (Google Trends); methods of analyzing and processing bibliographic sources. In conclusion, the directions of effective use of the digital platform in the educational space are proposed: the creation of a special management system, the organization of scientific and pedagogical support for the development and implementation of digital platforms, advanced training of teachers and students in the field of digital technologies and digital hygiene. The prospects of using digital educational platforms in higher education are outlined: educational analytics and forecasting of educational programs, the functioning of a flexible educational and administrative infrastructure in online offices, the integration of information, informal and formal strategies for self-education of students, teachers and staff.
Methodological and Theoretical Foundations of Educating a Cadet’s Readiness to Evaluate Information in the Process of Professional Training
Authors:   Novosibirsk Military Institute named after Army General I.K. Yakovlev, Kostylev Nikolay Vladimirovich , Shabanov Anatoly G. ,   Novosibirsk Military Institute named after Army General I.K. Yakovlev, Berezinsky Sergey G. ,   Novosibirsk Military Institute named after Army General I.K. Yakovlev
Published: September 2022

Problems and purpose. At present, the readiness of a cadet to assess information in the process of professional training is based on the knowledge and experience that is gained in the process of professional training, is guided by the independent participation of the individual in the educational and cognitive process and is aimed at the productive inclusion of the individual in professional activities. But as practice shows, the educational process of a military institute is not aimed at educating a cadet’s readiness to evaluate information in the process of professional training. The purpose of the article is to consider the principles of functioning, as well as the methodological and theoretical foundations for educating a cadet’s readiness to assess information in the process of professional training in the conditions of training in military higher educational institutions of the National Guard. Methodology. The theoretical foundations of the work were studies of the problems of educating a cadet’s readiness to evaluate information (S. Yu. Manukhina, Z. Sprinskaya), aspects of assessing the quality of information obtained by investigative means (O. I. Dolgacheva, N. N. Potapova), psychological foundations of professional adaptation and choice of profession (V. V. Kirichenko). Psychology in the operational activities of law enforcement agencies (Yu. V. Chufarovsky). Results of the study. The article describes the features of educating a cadet’s readiness to perceive information. The term “readiness” itself and its correlation with the education of cadets are considered. In addition, approaches to the issue of perception of information are analyzed. In conclusion, the tentative structure of measures for developing the readiness of cadets to evaluate information is revealed. The author considered the basics and possibilities of applying various methods of the problems of educating the readiness of a cadet to evaluate information on the basis of various methodological approaches that can be actively used in the conditions of vocational training. In conclusion, an indicative structure for constructing an educational process for developing the readiness of cadets to assess information based on the phased development of individual competencies is proposed.
Hypertriglyceridemia as a main feature associated with 17q12 deletion syndrome-related hepatocyte nuclear factor 1β-maturity-onset diabetes of the young
Authors: Thewjitcharoen Yotsapon , Nakasatien Soontaree , Tsoi Tsz Fung , Lim Cadmon K P , Himathongkam Thep , Chan Juliana C N
Published: September 2022

Hepatocyte nuclear factor 1β (HNF1B) gene is located on chromosome 17q12. It is a transcription factor implicated in the early embryonic development of multiple organs. HNF1B-associated disease is a multi-system disorder with variable clinical phenotypes. There are increasing reports suggesting that the 17q12 deletion syndrome should be suspected in patients with maturity-onset diabetes of the young type 5 (MODY5) due to the deletion of HNF1B gene. In contrast to classical 17q12 syndrome in childhood with neurological disorders and autism, patients with HNF1B-MODY deletion rarely had neuropsychological disorders or learning disabilities. The diagnosis of 17q12 deletion syndrome highlighted the phenotypic heterogeneity of HNF1B-MODY patients. In this study, we report the clinical course of a Thai woman with young-onset diabetes mellitus and hypertriglyceridemia as a predominant feature due to HNF1B deletion as part of the 17q12 deletion syndrome. Our findings and others suggest that hypertriglyceridemia should be considered a syndromic feature of HNF1B-MODY. Our case also highlights the need to use sequencing with dosage analyses to detect point mutations and copy number variations to avoid missing a whole deletion of HNF1B.

Learning points

Maturity-onset diabetes of the young type 5 (MODY5) may be caused by heterozygous point mutations or whole gene deletion of HNF1B. Recent studies revealed that complete deletion of the HNF1B gene may be part of the 17q12 deletion syndrome with multi-system involvement.

The length of the deletion can contribute to the phenotypic variability in patients with HNF1B-MODY due to whole gene deletion.

Using next-generation sequencing alone to diagnose MODY could miss a whole gene deletion or copy number variations. Specialized detection methods such as microarray analysis or low-pass whole genome sequencing are required to accurately diagnose HNF1B-MODY as a component of the 17q12 deletion syndrome.

Molecular diagnosis is necessary to distinguish other acquired cystic kidney diseases in patients with type 2 diabetes which could phenocopy HNF1B-MODY.

Hypertriglyceridemia is a possible metabolic feature in patients with HNF1B-MODY due to 17q12 deletion syndrome.
Activity prediction of Schiff base compounds using improved QSAR models of cinnamaldehyde analogues and derivatives
Authors: Wang Hui , Yuan Haijian , Li Shujun , Li Zhuo , Jiang Mingyue , Tang Jiafa
Published: September 2022

In past work, QSAR (quantitative structure-activity relationship) models of cinnamaldehyde analogues and derivatives (CADs) have been used to predict the activities of new chemicals based on their mass concentrations, but these approaches are not without shortcomings. Therefore, molar concentrations were used instead of mass concentrations to determine antifungal activity. New QSAR models of CADs against Aspergillus niger and Penicillium citrinum were established, and the molecular design of new CADs was performed. The antifungal properties of the designed CADs were tested, and the experimental Log AR values were in agreement with the predicted Log AR values. The results indicate that the improved QSAR models are more reliable and can be effectively used for CADs molecular design and prediction of the activity of CADs. These findings provide new insight into the development and utilization of cinnamaldehyde compounds.
Phenols production from online catalytic conversion of corn stalk pyrolysis vapors using char in-situ
Authors: Li Yunchao , Wang Xianhua , Song Huawei , Shao Jingai , Ma Hongtao , Chen Hanping
Published: September 2022

Char in-situ (char[is]) obtained from corn stalk pyrolysis was evaluated as a catalyst to upgrade corn stalk pyrolysis vapors. A catalyst evaluation device was introduced to conduct the experiments. The effects of reaction temperature and char[is] dose on catalytic performances in biomass pyrolysis were evaluated. The results showed that the char in-situ had a remarkable effect on the pyrolysis products. Under the action of char[is], the primary compounds of pyrolysis vapors were catalytically converted into phenolic products, such as phenol and 4-ethyl-phenol, while the acetic acid content was evidently reduced. The product selectivity was not dependent on the polar functional groups on the char[is]’s surface according to the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) results, but might have been dependent on the mesoporous structure and the basicity sites of the charis as well as the metallic species in the char[is]. A possible reaction mechanism for phenols production and acetic acid inhibition was proposed.
Comparative evaluation of enzymatic hydrolysis potential of Eichhornia crassipes and sugarcane bagasse for fermentable sugar production
Authors: Xiao Kai , Zhou Wenbing , Geng Mingjian , Feng Wei , Wang Yanyan , Xiao Naidong , Zhu Duanwei , Zhu Feng , Liu Guanglong
Published: September 2022

In the production of biofuel from biomass, the enzymatic hydrolysis potential (EHP) of feedstock plays a critical role in determining the process’s saccharification efficiency (SE) and economic feasibility. In this study, the artificial biomass of Eichhornia crassipes (EC) and sugarcane bagasse (SB), as well as the actual biomass of EC and SB pretreated by four different chemical methods, were subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis. A binary linear-regression equation (BLE), y=β1χ1+β2χ2, was derived to illustrate the relationship between the sugar yield (y) and the proportions of key components (cellulose and hemicellulose) (χ1, χ2) with different compositional contributions (β1 and β2) to y. The EC cellulose was found to make a greater contribution than SB cellulose, resulting in higher SE of EC. Furthermore, the SE of pretreated actual biomasses exhibited similar trends and positive correlation with the predictions, indicating good applicability of the BLE model and highlighting the superior EHP of EC. This study advances the understanding of roles played by key biomass components in the enzymatic hydrolysis process, which informs decisions on the EHP of different types of biomass, facilitating the screening of suitable biomass for enhanced SE and cost-effective biomass-to-energy conversion.
Synthesis and characterization of maleic anhydride-grafted orange waste for potential use in biocomposites
Authors: Bátori Veronika , Jabbari Mostafa , Srivastava Rajiv K. , Åkesson Dan , Lennartsson Patrik R. , Zamani Akram , Taherzadeh Mohammad J.
Published: September 2022

The purpose of the study was to develop a less hydrophilic, and therefore more useful, material from orange waste produced in large quantities by the food industry. A new derivative of industrial orange waste was synthesized via esterification with maleic anhydride. The reaction was confirmed via Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and the degree of substitution of the hydroxyl groups was 0.39 ± 0.01, as determined by a back-titration method. A major change in physical structure was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The flake-like structure of orange waste changed to a sponge-like structure after the reaction, which involved an increased volume and a reduced density by approximately 40%. The sponge-like structure was represented as an agglomeration of particles with a low specific surface area of 2.18 m2/g and a mean pore diameter of 10.7 nm. Interestingly, the grafted orange waste seemed to become more hydrophobic, which was confirmed by a contact angle test; however, the material absorbed more water vapor. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) confirmed a thermally more uniform, though, less heat-resistant material. This work suggests a possible way of utilizing orange waste via synthesizing a renewable material with possible applications as a filler in biocomposites.
Thrombospondin 1 and Nuclear Factor Kappa B Signaling Pathways in Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Authors: Ekinci Iskender , Dumur Seyma , Uzun Hafize , Anataca Gulden , Yalcinkaya Isa , Buyukkaba Mitat , Cinar Ahmet , Ozkan Hanise , Utku Irem Kirac , Akarsu Murat , Tabak Omur
Published: September 2022

Aim: We aimed to evaluate the circulating thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in order to integrate these signaling pathways in the inflammatory and fibrogenic processes of this liver disorder.

Methods: Ninety-five NAFLD patients were recruited in the study. The study also included 83 age-sex matched healthy controls.

Results: The number of patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS) criteria was 57 (60%). TSP-1 level was found to be statistically significantly lower in the NAFLD group compared to the control group (p=0.037). However, NF-κB level was found to be significantly higher in the NAFLD group compared to the control group (p=0.004). There was a significant negative correlation between plasma TSP-1 levels with glucose (r=-0.235, p=0.022), alanine aminotransferase (r=-0.261, p=0.011) and aspartate transaminase (r=-0.328, p=0.001) levels. In addition, a significant negative correlation was found between plasma TSP-1 and NF-κB levels (r=-0.729, p<0.001).

Conclusions: Our results suggest a close relationship between increased NF-κB and reduced TSP-1 in NAFLD. TSP-1 and NF-κB signaling pathways might have a role in the inflammatory and fibrogenic processes. Furthermore, they may be used as a noninvasive marker and could assist as a therapeutic target for NAFLD.
Comparison of sorption properties towards toxic metal ions of organomineral composites based on vermiculite with in situ immobilized and adsorbed poly [8-oxyquinoline methacrylate]
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University Ukraine, Yanovska E. S. , Savchenko I. O. ,   Taras Shevchenko National University Ukraine, Kychkyruk O. Yu. ,   Zhytomyr Ivan Franko State University Ukraine
Published: September 2022

The purpose of the work is synthesis of new organomineral composites by in situ immobilization and adsorption of poly[8-methacroyloxy-quinoline] on the surface of vermiculite and study of sorption properties of cations Cu(II), Pb(II) and Fe(III). In situ immobilization of poly [8-oxyquinolinemethacrylate] on the surface of vermiculite was carried out by initiated radical polymerization of 8 oxyquinoline methacrylate using 2,2′-azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as a dinitrile initiator in the presence of vermiculite. To obtain the composite by adsorption of poly[8-oxyquinolinemethacrylate] on the surface of vermiculite, the polymer was synthesized in advance, then dissolved in tetrahydrofuran and adsorbed on vermiculite. The fact of immobilization of poly[8-oxyquinolinemethacrylate] on the surface of vermiculite was confirmed by comparative analysis of the IR spectra of the source mineral and relative composites. The regularities of thermal decomposition of immobilized polymer were studied by thermogravimetric analysis combined with mass spectrometry. Using the results of low-temperature adsorption-desorption of nitrogen and scanning electron microscopy, changes in the morphology of the vermiculite surface after immobilization of poly[8-oxyquinolinemethacrylate] by the selected methods are shown. The sorption characteristics of the synthesized composites with respect to Cu(II), Pb(II) and Fe(III) ions were examined in static mode. The polymer with oxyquinoline groups immobilized on the surface of vermiculite showed sorption activity against those metal ions with which 8-oxyquinoline forms stable complexes, the sorption capacity relative to cations Cu(II) is doubled after in situ immobilization of poly [8-oxyquinoline methacrylate] on the surface of vermiculite and increases almost 3 times after adsorption of this polymer. For Pb(ІІ) ions this effect is lower: after in situ immobilization of [8-methacroyloxy-quinoline] sorption capacity increases by one-third and as the result, the increasing of adsorption of this polymer is insignificant and is within the experimental accuracy.
Disparities in Pediatric Mental and Behavioral Health Conditions
Authors: Hoffmann Jennifer A. , Alegría Margarita , Alvarez Kiara , Anosike Amara , Shah Priya P. , Simon Kevin M. , Lee Lois K.
Published: September 2022

Mental and behavioral health conditions are common among children and adolescents in the United States. The purpose of this state-of the-art review article is to describe inequities in mental and behavioral health care access and outcomes for children and adolescents, characterize mechanisms behind the inequities, and discuss strategies to decrease them. Understanding the mechanisms underlying these inequities is essential to inform strategies to mitigate these health disparities. Half of United States children with a treatable mental health disorder do not receive treatment from a mental health professional. Children and adolescents in racial, ethnic, sexual, sex, and other minority groups experience inequities in access to care and disparities in outcomes for mental and behavioral health conditions. Suicide rates are nearly twice as high in Black compared to White boys 5 to 11 years old and have been increasing disproportionately among adolescent Black girls 12 to 17 years old. Children identifying as a sexual minority have >3 times increased odds of attempting suicide compared to heterosexual peers. Adverse experiences of children living as part of a minority group, including racism and discrimination, have immediate and lasting effects on mental health. Poverty and an uneven geographic distribution of resources also contribute to inequities in access and disparities in outcomes for mental and behavioral health conditions. Strategies to address inequities in mental and behavioral health among United States children include investing in a diverse workforce of mental health professionals, improving access to school-based services, ensuring equitable access to telehealth, and conducting quality improvement with rigorous attention to equity.
Cursos de preparto: ¿socialización para la obediencia o empoderamiento para la autonomía reproductiva?
Authors: Castrillo Belén
Published: September 2022

El objetivo del artículo es analizar los imaginarios que se (re) producen en los cursos de preparto de distintas instituciones de la ciudad de La Plata (provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina), para el periodo comprendido entre el 2013 y el 2019. Siguiendo el esquema de una sociología de la atención médica de embarazos y partos que se basa en la (re) construcción de dos modelos analíticos de atención obstétrica (intervencionista y respetado), se analiza si dichos imaginarios que los cursos producen, abonan a uno u otro modelo o construyen zonas grises. El material empírico se compone de diarios de campo de observaciones con distintos grados de participación en treinta encuentros de seis cursos de preparto distintos; y de registros de entrevistas a mujeres-madres, varones-padres y profesionales de la salud obstétrica. Se analizan los discursos de estos cursos para conocer de qué modos promueven —si lo hacen— el acceso a derechos sexuales y reproductivos y a una atención respetuosa del proceso perinatal o, en otro extremo, si funcionan como dispositivo de transmisión e internalización de normas institucionales y biomédicas. Los cursos de preparto emergen como espacios de encuentro, de intercambio de saberes y experiencias y de (re) producción de imaginarios alrededor de lo normal y lo patológico, lo deseable y lo indeseable, para el tránsito del periodo perinatal, desde la gestación hasta la crianza y el maternaje. Se trata de espacios asistenciales-pedagógicos que adquieren rasgos peculiares según los grupos e instituciones coordinadoras. El desarrollo descriptivo y analítico realizado permitió concluir que en estos espacios se advierten zonas grises, tensiones, expectativas, metodologías y discursos diversos, pero que sigue primando una brecha entre lo que se dice en los cursos y lo que pasa en sala de partos, por la ausencia de líneas de trabajo generales que promuevan la atención obstétrica respetuosa de derechos humanos de las mujeres.
La idealización de los espacios rurales en Educación Secundaria y bachillerato. Un estudio de representaciones sociales
Authors: García-Monteagudo Diego
Published: September 2022

La teoría de las representaciones sociales contribuye a conocer los discursos que influyen en la vida de las personas y cómo los sujetos reproducen esos conocimientos para interpretar el mundo. El conocimiento que nos interesa en esta investigación es la cosmovisión que los estudiantes de 3.º de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria (ESO) y de 2.º de bachillerato de la provincia de Valencia (España) tienen acerca de los espacios rurales. Dicha cosmovisión proviene de diferentes fuentes y contextos de información, por lo que la aplicación de las representaciones sociales al campo de la didáctica de la geografía es pertinente en este estudio. En concreto, el enfoque fenomenológico de la Geografía de la Percepción y del Comportamiento se une a las representaciones sociales del espacio geográfico en su vertiente Subjetiva y tripartita (espacio vivido, espacio percibido y espacio concebido). Así, se pretende comprender los elementos que influyen en la explicación escolar de los espacios rurales y su presencia en la geografía escolar para conseguir dos objetivos: primero, conocer la estructura y el significado de la representación escolar del alumnado de diez centros escolares de la provincia de Valencia; segundo, comprobar cómo se ha plasmado la representación de la figura humana en los libros de texto en los niveles educativos analizados entre 1959 y 2016, y en las representaciones pictóricas del alumnado, para evidenciar tendencias convergentes en los elementos de una representación social de los espacios en cuestión. Para ello 581 estudiantes de centros escolares de la provincia de Valencia respondieron un cuestionario mixto, con un test de asociación de palabras analizado mediante el software Evocation 2005. La aplicación del índice jicuadrado al análisis de las fotografías de los libros de texto y los dibujos del alumnado acerca de los espacios rurales revela que existe una representación idealizada de dichos espacios que dificulta la comprensión de sus problemáticas sociales y ambientales.
Efficacy and safety of combined aspirin and warfarin therapy after heart valve replacement: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials
Authors: Golukhova E. Z. , Berdibekov B. Sh. , Ruzina E. V.
Published: September 2022

Aim. To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of the efficacy and safety of combined oral anticoagulant therapy with vitamin K antagonists (VKA) and antiplatelet therapy with aspirin compared with VKA monotherapy in patients after mechanical valve replacement.

Material and methods. We searched the PubMed, Google Scholar databases for studies comparing the risk of thromboembolic events, major bleeding, and mortality in VKA monotherapy versus combined aspirin and VKA therapy in patients with mechanical valve replacement.

Results. Eight randomized clinical trials were selected for this systematic review and meta-analysis. In total, 4082 patients were included in the analysis (mean age, 50,8 years, men — 2484 (60,9%)). A meta-analysis showed that the addition of aspirin to VKA, compared with VKA monotherapy, significantly reduced the incidence of thromboembolic events (odds ratio (OR) 0,47; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0,33-0,67; p<0,0001) and mortality (OR 0,58; 95% CI: 0,38-0,88; p=0,01). The risk of major bleeding in the aspirin plus VKA group compared with VKA monotherapy tended to increase, without reaching a significant difference (OR 1,41; 95% CI: 0,99-2,01; p=0,06).

Conclusion. The addition of aspirin to VKA, compared with VKA monotherapy, reduces the risk of systemic embolism and death in patients after mechanical valve replacement. At the same time, the risk of major bleeding did not differ between the groups.
Spontaneous left coronary artery dissection in the postpartum period: a case report
Authors: Kuznetsov A. A. , Namitokov A. M. , Sazhneva A. V. , Nekrasov A. S. , Kosmacheva E. D.
Published: September 2022

Spontaneous coronary artery dissection is a rare disease that threatens the patient life. Often this pathology complicates the course of pregnancy or the postpartum period. The rare occurrence and difficulties in diagnosis are the reason for the lack of data and the impossibility of developing a single algorithm for diagnosing and treating spontaneous coronary artery dissection.

The article provides a brief literature review and a case report of spontaneous coronary artery dissection in the postpartum period, and discusses a number of aspects of treatment tactics.
Comparing Cardiopulmonary Functions of National Race Walkers by Walking and Running during Graded Exercise Testing
Authors: Sung Bong-Ju , Lee Min-Ho , Lee Kwang-Kyu
Published: September 2022

PURPOSE: This study aimed to identify a sport-specific assessment for elite race-walking athletes by comparing physiological responses between walking and running graded exercise test (GXT) protocols.METHODS: Six elite race-walking athletes completed both walking and running protocols in a randomized crossover design with 1 week interval between trials. Maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max), ventilation (VE), and heart rate (HR) were measured throughout and after each trial, and blood lactate levels were collected during the recovery period.RESULTS: There were significant differences in VO2max, VE, and HR values between the walking and running protocols (p<.001). During the recovery period, VO2max, VE, HR, and blood lactate levels were significantly different in each measurement (p<.001); however, there was no difference between the walking and running protocols.CONCLUSIONS: Based on these results, both the walking and running GXT protocols were inappropriate for assessing elite racewalking athletes. This study suggests that a supplement GXT protocol is required to specifically assess elite race-walking athletes.
Implantation of Decellularized Extracellular Matrix with Resistance Training Effectively Repairs a Volumetric Muscle Loss
Authors: Lee Kwangjun , Hong Kwang-Seok , Park Wonil
Published: September 2022

PURPOSE: Skeletal muscle has remarkable regenerative capacity in most minor injuries induced by mechanical laceration, overstretching, and toxins. However, volumetric muscle loss (VML) injury, a large volume of muscle loss beyond the self-repair capacity, causes functional disability and morphological deformities. This study investigated the effects of myofiber injection into a decellularized extracellular matrix (ECM) and resistance training (RT) on skeletal muscle regeneration following VML injury.METHODS: 6-months-old male Fischer CDF rats and 2-months-old F344-Tg (UBC-EGFP) rats (myofiber donors) were used in this study. Approximately 20% of the mass of the lateral gastrocnemius (LGAS) was excised and replaced by ECM of similar dimensions. Thirty myofibers were injected into the injured region seven days post-injury. Ladder climbing (RT) was allowed 10 days post-defect surgery, and the rats were subjected to ladder climbing with a weight every third day for 6 weeks.RESULTS: After 56 days of recovery and exercise training, the cross-sectional area (CSA) of intact muscle in the EXE group (5,104±92 μm2) increased significantly compared to that in the ECM (4,657±79 μm2) group. The number of blood vessels larger than 20 μm in diameter, capillaries excluded, showed a significant difference between the ECM+EXE (34.25±4.2) and ECM (21.75±3.89) groups. A significant reduction of fibrosis in the ECM+EXE (44.50±1.6%) group was observed compared to the ECM (69.25±1.9%) and ECM+FIB+EXE (63.00±1.7%) groups. Moreover, the small muscle fiber area within the transplanted ECM was significantly larger in the ECM+EXE (1.37±0.03 mm2) than in both the ECM (0.49±0.01 mm2) and ECM+FIB (0.62±0.01 mm2) groups.CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that ECM transplantation with RT effectively repairs VML by enhancing hypertrophy, angiogenesis, and myofiber infiltration throughout the entire ECM.