bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Outcomes After Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion Using Bioactive Glass–Ceramic Spacer‐7 (NOVOMAX‐FUSION) and an Allograft Spacer: A Retrospective, Case‐Matched, Multicenter Study
Authors: Jang Gi‐Wuk , Kim Kyung‐Hyun , Shin Dong‐Ah , Jang Hyun‐Joon , Lee Chang‐Kyu , Chin Dong‐Kyu , Park Jeong‐Yoon , Koo Seong‐Wook , Moon Bong‐Ju
Published: December 2024

The bioactive glass–ceramic spacer (BGS)‐7, a biosynthetic intervertebral fusion material introduced in 2014, has not been the subject of comparative clinical studies on anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) surgery. This study, for the first time, aims to compare the radiological and clinical outcomes of the renewed BGS‐7, released in 2019, with those of an allograft spacer. The comparison includes a finite element analysis of the biomechanical properties of each implant, adding a novel dimension to the research. We prospectively followed up on 29 patients who underwent ACDF using BGS‐7 as the experimental group. To select a control group for comparison, 253 patients with level 1 ACDF with an allograft spacer between 2012 and 2022 were selected from our hospital. Using propensity score matching, 27 and 54 patients in the BGS‐7 and allograft groups, respectively, were selected. The average subsidence length was 1.02 ± 1.44 mm per level in the BGS‐7 group and 2.27 ± 2.25 mm per level in the allograft group. Subsidence was observed in 14 of 54 patients (25.9%) in the allograft group and one of 27 patients (3.7%) in the BGS‐7 group (p = 0.016). In the allograft group, 16 of the 54 patients (29.6%) monitored for 6 months achieved satisfactory fusion outcomes with grades 4 and 5. Thirty‐eight of 54 patients (70.4%) followed up for > 1 year in the allograft group achieved adequate fusion outcomes with grades 4 and 5. In the BGS‐7 group, 17 of the 27 patients (63.0%) monitored for 6 months achieved satisfactory fusion results with grades 4 and 5. Twenty‐three of the 27 patients (85.2%) followed up for > 1 year obtained adequate fusion outcomes with grades 4 and 5. There was a significant difference in the fusion rates between the two groups at 6 months (p = 0.008). BGS‐7 is a reliable instrument for ACDF with no instances of instrumental failure. The BGS‐7 group had positive clinical outcomes after surgery without any untoward events, and an early fusion rate with the creation of a bone bridge was noted during the 6‐month follow‐up period. Our findings not only indicate the safety of BGS‐7 but also its practicality as a substitute for allografts in ACDF, instilling confidence in its application.
Bone Tissue Engineering With Chitosan, Carbon Nanotubes, and Hydroxyapatite Biomaterials Enriched With Mesenchymal Stem Cells: A Radiographic and Histological Evaluation in a Sheep Model Undergoing Ostectomy (Bone Tissue Engineering in a Sheep Model)
Authors: de Moraes Marcondes Geissiane , Paretsis Nicole Fidalgo , da Silva Danielle Cristinne Baccarelli , de Souza Anderson Fernando , Rego Mario Antônio Ferraro , da Silva Grazieli Cristina Monteiro , Fülber Joice , Corrêa Luciana , Friedrichsdorf Simone Peixe , de Guzzi Plepis Ana Maria , da Conceição Amaro Martins Virginia , Cortopassi Silvia Renata Gaido , do Valle De Zoppa André Luis
Published: December 2024

Comminuted fractures associated with tissue loss can adversely affect bone regeneration. Biomaterials enriched with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) employed for supporting osteosynthesis and potentiating osteoconduction are necessary to fill these bone defects. Natural compound biomaterials, similar to bone tissue, have been extensively tested in animal models for clinical use. Bone tissue engineering studies have used critical‐size defects in ovine tibia monitored by imaging and histological examinations to evaluate the regenerative process. This study aimed to monitor the regenerative process in ovine tibial defects with or without chitosan, carbon nanotubes, or hydroxyapatite biomaterials, enriched or not enriched with MSCs. A 3‐cm ostectomy was performed in 18 female Suffolk sheep. A 10‐hole 4.5 mm narrow locking compression plate was used for osteosynthesis. The animals were randomly divided into three groups (n = 6): control (CON); defects filled with chitosan, carbon nanotubes, and hydroxyapatite biomaterial (BIO); and the same biomaterial enriched with bone marrow MSCs (BIO + CELL). The animals were evaluated monthly using radiographic examinations until 90 postoperative days, when they were euthanized. The limbs were subjected to micro‐computed tomography (micro‐CT), and bone specimens were subjected to histological evaluations. The radiographic examinations revealed construction stability without plate deviation, fracture, or bone lysis. Micro‐CT evaluation demonstrated a difference in bone microarchitecture between the CON and biomaterial treatment groups (BIO and BIO + CELL). In the histological evaluations, the CON group did not demonstrate bone formation, and in the treatment groups (BIO and BIO + CELL), biocompatibility with sheep tissue was noted, and bone formation with trabeculae interspersed with remnants of the biomaterial was observed, with no differences between the groups. In conclusion, biomaterials present osteoconduction with beneficial characteristics for filling bone‐lost fractures, and MSCs did not interfere with bone formation.
Enhanced biobutanol production from rice straw with a two‐stage packed‐bed fermenter coupled with in‐line gas stripping
Authors: Silvestre Carlos , Niedermeier Lukas , Capilla Miguel , Gabaldón Carmen , Álvarez‐Hornos Javier
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND

This study describes the operation of continuous packed‐bed reactors containing Clostridium beijerinckii DSM 6422 attached to granular activated carbon to improve butanol productivity and sugar consumption from rice straw hydrolysate.

RESULTS

A single‐stage fermenter, which was evaluated at dilution rates ranging from 0.3 to 1.8 h−1, achieved a maximum butanol productivity of 4.44 g L−1 h−1 at a dilution rate of 1.2 h−1, corresponding to a sugar consumption of 40%. The performance of the two‐stage fermentation plant with in‐line gas stripping and effluent recycling was studied at a dilution rate of 1.2 h−1 for each bioreactor, resulting in a butanol productivity of 4.16 g L−1 h−1 in the first stage and 0.98 g L−1 h−1 in the second. Nutrient supplementation was identified as an effective method of enhancing butanol productivity by up to 50% in the second stage. The overall sugar consumption of the two‐stage packed‐bed reactor with in‐line gas stripping was 69%.

CONCLUSION

These findings show considerable promise for the future development of lignocellulosic biorefineries, as they demonstrate a potential to achieve economically profitable butanol production. © 2024 The Author(s). Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
An epidemiological study on the factors including genetic polymorphism influencing ALT >30 U/L and liver fibrosis progression in metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease among the general population
Authors: Sato Satoshi , Iino Chikara , Sasada Takafumi , Soma Go , Furusawa Keisuke , Yoshida Kenta , Sawada Kaori , Mikami Tatsuya , Fukuda Shinsaku , Nakaji Shigeyuki , Sakuraba Hirotake
Published: December 2024

Background and Aim

Identifying the factors contributing to the progression of metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), a lifestyle‐related disease, is crucial for preventing future liver‐related deaths. This study aimed to epidemiologically investigate factors, including single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels >30 U/L and potential risk factors for liver fibrosis, in a general population cohort of patients with MASLD.

Methods

Among 1059 participants in the health checkup project, 228 who were diagnosed with MASLD were analyzed. Liver fat content and stiffness were measured using FibroScan, and 13 SNPs associated with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) were measured in addition to other clinical parameters.

Results

In the multivariate analysis, male sex, younger age, and high triglyceride levels were significant risk factors for ALT levels >30 U/L (P‐value < 0.05). Furthermore, among the 13 SNPs measured, only the GG genotypes of patatin‐like phospholipase domain‐containing 3 gene (PNPLA3) rs738409 and rs2896019 were significant risk factors for ALT levels >30 U/L (P‐value 0.004 and 0.007). The GG genotypes of PNPLA3 rs738409 and rs2896019 had higher FibroScan‐aspartate aminotransferase (FAST) and APRI scores than the CC + CG and TT + TG genotypes (P‐value < 0.05). In addition, multivariate analysis revealed that the GG genotypes of rs738409 and rs2896019 were significant risk factors independent of cardiovascular metabolic risk for patients with MASLD (P‐value 0.038 and 0.021).

Conclusion

An individualized treatment approach is warranted for patients with MASLD due to the influence of various factors on its progression, including genetic factors and lifestyle diseases.
Effect of the COVID‐19 pandemic on unmet healthcare needs after hospital discharge in acute respiratory failure survivors: A multicenter prospective cohort study
Authors: Carmichael Harris L. , Groat Danielle , Dinglas Victor D. , Bose Somnath , Kasimov Mustafa Mir , Jackson James C. , Kadiri Naga Preethi , Trejo‐Zambrano Maria Isabel , Sevin Carla M. , Green Tom , Needham Dale M. , Brown Samuel M. ,   for the APICS‐COVID Study Team
Published: December 2024

Survivors of acute respiratory failure (ARF) have complex healthcare needs postdischarge, frequently resulting in unmet needs. This prospective multicenter study explores the association between COVID‐19 status and unmet healthcare needs in survivors of ARF following hospital discharge. We analyzed patient characteristics and unmet healthcare needs by COVID‐19 status using a multivariable regression model with propensity weights. Among 195 patients in the final analysis, 54% were COVID‐19+, 53% were female, 42% were non‐White, and the median (interquartile range [IQR]) age was 54 (42–63). The median (IQR) percentage of unmet healthcare needs was 26% (17%–36%), with follow‐up appointments accounting for most unmet needs. Unmet medication needs were found to be very low at 6%. Despite the challenges in healthcare delivery during the COVID‐19 pandemic, our data suggest COVID status had no observable effect on unmet healthcare needs for ARF survivors, after controlling for patient baseline and clinical status.
One‐Pot Assay Based on CRISPR/Cas13a Technology for HEV RNA Point‐of‐Care Testing
Authors: Fan Zihao , Xu Ling , Cao Yaling , Liu Tianxu , Tian Yuan , Pan Zhenzhen , Mo Yinkang , Wang Xinyu , Zhu Xianru , Gao Yao , Zhang Xiangying , Pan Calvin Q. , Wang Lin , Ren Feng
Published: December 2024

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) poses a serious threat to both public health and animal food safety, thereby highlighting the demands for rapid, sensitive, and easy‐to‐use detection. This study aimed to develop a One‐Pot assay using CRISPR/Cas13a for detecting HEV RNA, suitable for point‐of‐care testing (POCT) in resource‐limited settings. CRISPR/Cas13a combined with reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) and reverse transcription recombinase‐aided amplification (RT‐RAA) was applied to a One‐Pot assay device. Additionally, a large cohort of HEV‐infected patient (154) and animal (104) specimens was utilized for validation. The RT‐PCR/RT‐RAA + CRISPR/Cas13a assays for HEV RNA detection (genotypes: HEV‐1, HEV‐3, and HEV‐4) were established, optimized, and validated, achieving a limit of detection (LoD) of 1 copy/μL and 100% specificity. In the application validation for HEV infection, the positive rates of the RT‐PCR + CRISPR and RT‐RAA + CRISPR assays were 98.6% and 89.6% for patients, and 96.6% and 88.8% for animals, respectively, which were superior to those of RT‐qPCR. Furthermore, sample rapid lysis, reagent lyophilization, and the One‐Pot device were integrated to construct a One‐Pot assay with an LoD of 102 copies/μL. Despite slight decreases in sensitivity, the One‐Pot assay significantly reduces the assay time to 35 min, making it easy to perform, minimizing contamination, and meeting the requirements for screening. We developed a One‐Pot assay of HEV RNA using the CRISPR/Cas13a which effectively realizes a POCT test and maximizes the impetus for POCT implementation and shows potential as a valuable tool for detecting and monitoring HEV infection.
Long Noncoding RNA LINC02453 Inhibits HIV‐1 Replication by Binding With SEC13 to Regulate the Viral Productive Cycle
Authors: Chen Xiu , Chen Rongfeng , Wen Liufang , Qin Tongxue , Liao Yinlu , Tao Xing , Yuan Zongxiang , Wei Wudi , Li Jinmiao , Huang Youjin , Wei Wenfei , Liu Jie , Su Jinming , Ye Li , Liang Hao , Jiang Junjun
Published: December 2024

Emerging evidence underscores the pivotal role of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) as crucial regulators within the HIV life cycle. However, the precise functions and detailed mechanisms by which lncRNAs operate in HIV‐1 highly exposed but persistently seronegative (HESN) individuals remain currently unknown. Through RNA sequencing analysis of the HESN individual and the matched control, we identified potential lncRNAs. Then, we conducted validation experiments at the population level, while cellular models of HIV‐1 infection were constructed for functional experimental investigations in vitro. Subcellular localization of the identified lncRNA was determined, followed by an exploration of the specific regulatory mechanism underlying HIV resistance through some experiments, such as RNA pull‐down, western blot and Hirt assays. LncRNA LINC02453 is highly expressed in HESN. Moreover, LINC02453 is identified as a novel lncRNA associated with heightened resistance to HIV‐1. LINC02453 is predominantly localized in the nucleus and binds to SEC13, a component of the nuclear pore complex, leading to the inhibition of HIV‐1 replication by regulating key processes such as late reverse transcription, nuclear import, and DNA integration. Our findings suggest that LINC02453 may serve as a prospective target for the development of innovative anti‐HIV therapeutics.
Preprocedural imaging guiding ventricular tachycardia ablation in structural heart disease
Authors: Nunes‐Ferreira Afonso , Brito Joana , Cortez‐Dias Nuno , da Lima da Silva Gustavo , Pinto Fausto J. , de Sousa João
Published: December 2024

Background

Integration of preprocedural imaging techniques in ventricular tachycardia (VT) ablation may improve the identification of arrhythmogenic substrates, particularly relevant for patients with nonischemic cardiomyopathy (NICM) with sub‐optimal outcomes. We assessed the impact of advanced preprocedural imaging on the safety and long‐term efficacy of radiofrequency catheter ablation (RCA) for VT, comparing patients with NICM and ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM).

Methods

In this prospective, single‐center study, consecutive patients referred for scar‐related VT ablation underwent multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) and late gadolinium enhancement cardiac magnetic resonance (LGE‐CMR). Images were segmented with ADAS 3D software and integrated into mapping systems. Substrate map collection targeted the imaging‐predicted area of interest and the ablation aimed at eliminating all local abnormal ventricular activities. Procedural safety was evaluated with 30‐day mortality. Long‐term efficacy was assessed by survival free from appropriate ICD shocks at 36 months.

Results

102 patients were included (67 ± 11 years, 94% male; 75 ICM, 27 NICM). All patients underwent MDCT and 35% also underwent LGE‐CMR. Procedural safety (4% 30‐day mortality, p = .95) and 36‐month efficacy were similar in both groups (88.0% vs. 74.1%, HR 2.09; p = .13 in ICM and NICM). Efficacy was higher in patients when VT activation mapping with VT isthmus ablation complemented substrate ablation compared to substrate‐based ablation alone (94.5% vs. 80.6%, HR 4.00; p < .05).

Conclusion

A preprocedural imaging protocol integrated into the invasive mapping system may improve safety and long‐term efficacy, with NICM patients exhibiting outcomes comparable to those with ICM. Activation mapping of the VT on top of substrate ablation may improve prognosis.
Malevolent Creativity Graffiti Test—A New Measurement Method for Malevolent Creative Behavior
Authors: Tang Ruiyi , Li Qiangang , Gong Zhe
Published: December 2024

This study introduces the malevolent creativity Graffiti test (MCGT), based on the Experimental Graffiti paradigm, as a measure of malevolent creative (MC) behavior. The malevolent creativity test (MCT) and the Malevolent Creativity Behavior Scale (MCBS) were used in two separate studies to assess the validity of the MCGT. Study 1 examined graffiti with a target of MC under two conditions: an imagined (MCGT1) and a recall (MCGT2) condition, involving 111 valid participants. Results revealed a significant positive correlation between MCGT1 and MCT, but no significant correlation with MCBS. MCGT2 showed no significant correlation with either MCT or MCBS. Study 2 explored graffiti without an MC target in a real competitive context (MCGT3) and graffiti with an MC target in a real provocative context (MCGT4), involving 126 valid participants. Both MCGT3 and MCGT4 demonstrated a significant positive correlation with MCBS. The associations between different types of MCGTs and established MC measures (i.e., MCT and MCBS) suggest that the MCGT holds promise as an effective tool for assessing MC behavior. This development of the MCGT addresses some limitations of current MC measurement methods and opens new avenues for research in malevolent creativity.
Successful use of transcutaneous parasacral stimulation in a patient with myelomeningocele and fecal incontinence: A case report
Authors: Bigliardi Roman , Riera‐Canales Claudia , Oviedo Adriana , Ortiz Gonzalo , Fernández Julian , Meduri Santiago , Birsa Patricio , Messere Gabriela , Saps Miguel
Published: December 2024

Myelomeningocele is a complex congenital defect that affects the spinal cord and structures associated with it. These patients often have neurogenic bowel and bladder dysfunction with constipation, fecal and urinary incontinence. In addition to dietary modifications, laxatives, and enemas, therapies such as biofeedback and neurostimulation (invasive and noninvasive) are sometimes used. These techniques are rarely available, may require surgical procedures, and are not devoid of complications. We present the case of a 13‐year‐old boy with myelomeningocele at the L4 level, with constipation, dyssynergic defecation, and fecal incontinence (FI). He was treated with biofeedback achieving partial improvement of FI, and then with transcutaneous electrical neurostimulation (TENS) with subsequent resolution of constipation and FI. To our knowledge, this is the first case report using neurostimulation with TENS applied to the S2–S4 dermatomes in a patient with myelomeningocele. This represents a safe, noninvasive, and low‐cost treatment for these patients.
Polymeric Microneedles for Transdermal Delivery of Human Placental Tissue for the Treatment of Osteoarthritis
Authors: James Jithu Jerin , Pahal Suman , Jayaraman Anbu , Nayak A Damodar , Koteshwar Narasimhachar Sridhar , Sundarrajan Sudarson , Basappa Veerabhadraiah Basavaraj , Srinivasan Bharath , Vemula Praveen Kumar , Nguyen Thanh Duc , Kadamboor Veethil Sandhya
Published: December 2024

Biologics targeting matrix‐degrading proteases, cartilage repair, and inflammation are emerging as promising approaches for osteoarthritis (OA) treatment. Recent research highlights biologic‐human placental tissue (HPT) as a potential OA therapy due to its biocompatibility, abundant protein biofactors, and ability to reduce cartilage degradation by suppressing protease expression. Microneedles (MNs) are receiving growing attention for enhancing transdermal delivery of biologics as an alternative to conventional subcutaneous injections. The lyophilized human placental extract (LHP) loaded polymeric MNs are fabricated using a micromolding technique for transdermal delivery. Ex vivo release studies reveal that MNs exhibit a gradual and consistent release of LHP, indicating a sustained delivery profile. LHP‐MNs are nontoxic and anti‐inflammatory in nature against human skin cells and interleukin (IL‐1β) induced synovial cells. Furthermore, the in vivo study shows that LHP‐MNs substantially improve behavioral parameters in OA rat models and lower serum concentrations of tumor necrosis factor‐ α (TNF‐α) and cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) biomarkers, thereby alleviating knee and ankle joint injuries. Histopathological analysis indicates that LHP‐MNs significantly preserve cartilage integrity. The study results suggest that employing polymeric MNs for transdermal delivery of LHP can be a promising treatment approach for OA, with the added benefit of excellent patient compliance.
An asymptotic mean value property for joint eigenfunctions of G$G$‐invariant differential operators
Authors: Naik Muna , Sarkar Rudra P.
Published: December 2024

Let be a symmetric space of the noncompact type. In this paper, we characterize joint eigenfunctions of ‐invariant differential operators on through an asymptotic version of the generalized mean value property.
Two‐parameter B‐valued martingale Hardy–Lorentz–Karamata spaces: Inequalities and dualities
Authors: Hao Zhiwei , Wang Lin , Weisz Ferenc
Published: December 2024

In this paper, we introduce five two‐parameter ‐valued martingale Hardy–Lorentz–Karamata spaces and establish some atomic decomposition theorems via atomic martingales as well as atomic functions. With the aid of atomic decompositions, we obtain some martingale inequalities and characterize the duals of these spaces. Our conclusions strongly depend on the geometric properties of the underlying Banach spaces and remove the restrictive condition that the slowly varying function is nondecreasing as in the previous literature.
Modeling of arcs with binary gas mixtures in a multi‐arc plasma generator
Authors: Bobzin K. , Heinemann H. , Erck M. , Warkentin S. , Mokrov O. , Sharma R. , Reisgen U. , Jasutyn K.
Published: December 2024

Using plasma as an energy source in thermal spraying allows the processing of feedstock materials with high melting temperatures. In plasma spraying, hydrogen or nitrogen is commonly injected into the argon plasma, which increases the specific enthalpy and thermal conductivity. The objective of this study is to improve the understanding of this process through numerical simulation and to investigate the impact on the plasma properties. A comprehensive modelling approach for the electrodes in the three‐cathode plasma generator is built upon the previous work of the authors. The plasma is described as an electromagnetically reactive fluid in local thermodynamic equilibrium using temperature‐dependent thermodynamic and transport properties. The increase of flow temperature and velocity as well as the temperature distribution at the electrodes can be successfully simulated. The simulation model could accelerate parameter development for new coating systems in the future. This study completes the simulation model for multi‐arc plasma spraying using binary gas mixtures.
Optimization of vacuum isothermal quenching process and microstructure analysis of die steel Cr12MoV
Authors: Hu S. D. , Meng Y. K. , Tang X. F. , Shao G. B.
Published: December 2024

This study first employed a vacuum isothermal gas quenching process to heat‐treat Cr12MoV in an attempt to achieve a mixed structure of martensite and lower bainite. Based on an analysis of the impact of different isothermal gas quenching process parameters on the properties and microstructure of Cr12MoV steel, with a focus on material impact toughness and Rockwell hardness, the particle swarm optimization method was used to optimize the vacuum gas quenching process parameters for Cr12MoV steel. Using the optimized process parameters, Cr12MoV steel was subjected to vacuum isothermal gas quenching treatment. Microstructure observations and phase analysis revealed that the post‐quenching structure consisted of an excellent combination of martensite and lower bainite dual‐phase structures, with reduced carbide content and even distribution. After two tempering processes, it was observed that the residual austenite content significantly decreased. The vacuum isothermal gas quenching‐tempering process effectively reduced material anisotropy and tool deformation.
Unlocking the Chemical Diversity of Plant Catharanthus roseus: Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Approach
Authors: Gupta Upasna , Kavya M. P. , Jayalakshmi K. , Sinha Neeraj
Published: December 2024

Catharanthus roseus, also known as Madagascar periwinkle, is a perennial plant renowned for its extensive pharmacological properties. It produces vital chemotherapeutic compounds, including vinblastine and vincristine, and exhibits anti‐inflammatory, antidiabetic, and antioxidant activities. In this study, we utilized a range of two‐dimensional (2D) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques, such as 1H–1H correlation spectroscopy (COSY), 1H–1H J‐resolved NMR, and 1H–13C heteronuclear single quantum coherence (HSQC) sensitivity‐enhanced NMR spectroscopy, to identify key metabolites in C. roseus leaf extracts. Given the presence of numerous metabolites with closely spaced multiplet resonances, the 1H NMR spectra often exhibit significant signal overlap, making metabolite identification difficult or even impossible. However, the use of 2D NMR techniques effectively overcame this challenge, allowing for the precise identification of important alkaloids, such as vindoline, vinblastine, serpentine, and ajmalicine, along with essential metabolites like organic acids, amino acids, and carbohydrates. The extract contained a variety of bioactive compounds, including organic acids crucial for the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, branched‐chain amino acids vital for metabolic functions, and alkaloids with substantial therapeutic potential. This comprehensive study underscores the continued significance of C. roseus in both traditional and modern medicine, emphasizing its intricate metabolic network and its potential in the development of novel therapeutics.
Deciphering Lobbying as a Public Affairs Strategy: Insights From Canadian Ministers and Political Advisors
Authors: Chan Ken
Published: December 2024

Lobbying is a core element of a firm's public affairs strategy and can help it gain strategic advantages and improve performance. This study examines political actors' perceptions of lobbying's role in shaping public policy and influencing government decisions. Through elite interviews with 30 former ministers and senior political staff, this study seeks to understand why political actors engage with corporate lobbyists. The interviewees observed that businesses can help governments strengthen policymaking and test the real‐world applicability of proposed initiatives. These findings offer insights into how companies can effectively deploy lobbying resources, while scientifically validating commonly known best practices.
Rhabdoid Tumor of the Kidney and Soft Tissues: Results from National Wilms Tumor Study‐5 and Children's Oncology Group Study AREN0321
Authors: Geller James I. , Renfro Lindsay A. , Grundy Paul E. , Perlman Elizabeth J. , Kalapurakal John A. , Ehrlich Peter F. , Biegel Jackie , Huff Vicki , Warwick Anne B. , Paulino Arnold , Mullen Elizabeth A. , Daw Najat C. , Hoffer Fredric A. , Tochner Zelig , Gow Kenneth , Gratias Eric , Ward Deborah A. , Anderson James R. , Fernandez Conrad V. , Dome Jeffrey S.
Published: December 2024

Purpose

National Wilms Tumor Study‐5 (NWTS‐5) and AREN0321 evaluated the outcomes of children with rhabdoid tumor of the kidney (RTK) and malignant rhabdoid tumor of soft tissues (MRT).

Patients and Methods

Eligible patients with RTK were enrolled prospectively on NWTS‐5 (1995–2002) and treated with carboplatin and etoposide alternating with cyclophosphamide (Regimen RTK). Patients with RTK or MRT were enrolled on AREN0321 (2005–2012) and received vincristine, doxorubicin, and cyclophosphamide alternating with carboplatin, cyclophosphamide, and etoposide (Regimens UH‐1 or dose‐reduced Revised UH‐1). We report event‐free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) from each study.

Results

Thirty patients received Regimen RTK on NWTS‐5; on AREN0321, 20 received UH‐1 and 19 received Revised UH‐1. Patient and disease characteristics were statistically similar between studies. Patients on AREN0321 had significantly improved EFS and OS compared to those on NWTS‐5 (4‐year EFS = 23.1% vs. 16.7%; p = 0.020; 4‐year OS = 30.6% vs. 20.0%; p = 0.014), mostly driven by patients with Stage I/II disease (p = 0.05). Median time to an event was 3.6 months on NWTS‐5 compared to 7.2 months on AREN0321. There were no differences in EFS or OS by revised versus original Regimen UH‐1 on AREN0321, or by renal versus extra‐renal primary disease when the studies were pooled.

Conclusions

The more intensive treatment regimen used on AREN0321 improved EFS and OS overall, a result driven by patients with Stage I/II disease. Despite this improvement, outcomes for patients with rhabdoid tumor remain unsatisfactory and there is a need for novel therapeutic strategies.
Modified G‐CSF/ATG‐Based Haploidentical Transplantation Protocol in Pediatric Primary Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis: A Long‐Term Follow‐Up Single‐Center Experience
Authors: Xiao Juan , Yang Xingcheng , Wu Nanhai , Fan Shifen , Liu Zhouyang , Jiang Fan , Chen Jiao , Wei Jia , Sun Yuan
Published: December 2024

Background

Primary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a hyperinflammatory syndrome caused by immune dysregulation. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) represents the only option for long‐term cure for primary HLH. However, only around 25% of patients have a fully HLA‐matched donor.

Methods

In this retrospective study, we analyzed 42 pediatric patients with primary HLH who underwent haplo‐SCT using the modified granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor (G‐CSF)/antithymocyte globulin (ATG)‐based protocol. The conditioning regimen included 300–600 mg/m2 etoposide (VP16), along with low doses of busulfan (Bu) (0.8–1.2 mg/kg every 6 hours on Days −8 to −6), cyclophosphamide (Cy) (10 mg/kg/day on Days −4 to −3), fludarabine (Flu) (30 mg/m2/day on Days −5 to −3), and ATG (8–9 mg/kg total dose on Days −5 to −2) to reduce complications.

Results

All 42 patients achieved successful engraftment. Following a median follow‐up period of 48.7 months, 32 of the 42 patients remained alive and disease free. The 2‐year overall survival (OS) rate was 78.4%, and the 5‐year OS rate was 73.7%. The 2‐year failure‐free survival (FFS) rate was 71.3%, and the 5‐year FFS rate was 66.5%. Patients who achieved complete remission at the time of HSCT showed better OS (p < 0.05). The incidence of Grade III–IV acute graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD) was 26.2%, and severe chronic GVHD was observed in 11.9% of patients. Thrombotic microangiopathy occurred in 13 patients, and veno‐occlusive disease in two patients.

Conclusions

This modified G‐CSF/ATG‐based haploidentical protocol demonstrates significant potential for pediatric patients with primary HLH, exhibiting commendable effectiveness and safety.
Multidimensional architecture of BaTiO3@Al2O3 nanofibers and BNNSs enables high energy storage performance of PVDF‐based composites
Authors: Deng Wei , Wang Zhao‐Pan , Xiong Heng , Hu Si‐Yuan , Cui Wei‐Wei
Published: December 2024

Polymer‐based composites with high energy storage density are essential for flexible dielectric capacitors. Herein, a series of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF)‐based nanocomposite films are prepared by incorporating multidimensional hybrid fillers composed of BaTiO3 nanoparticles (BT NPs), Al2O3 nanofibers (Al2O3 NFs) and hexagonal boron nitride nanosheets (BNNSs), where BT NPs are embedded and homogeneously dispersed in Al2O3 NFs using electrospinning technique. Benefiting from Al2O3 and BNNSs with wide‐band gap and high thermal conductivity as well as BT with high dielectric constant, a prominent enhancement of dielectric constant, breakdown strength and thermal conductivity are achieved in BT@Al2O3‐BNNSs/PVDF nanocomposite. As a consequence, the energy storage density of BT@Al2O3‐BNNSs/PVDF nanocomposite reaches 13.1 J/cm3 at 490.9 kV/mm, which is 3.2 times that of PVDF and approximately 2 times that of PVDF nanocomposites using only BT@Al2O3 or BNNSs as fillers. This work highlights the synergistic effects of nanofillers with different characteristics, and provides a promising strategy for flexible dielectric materials towards energy storage application.

Highlights

Designed multidimensional fillers containing BaTiO3 NPs, Al2O3 NFs, and BNNSs.

Co‐enhanced dielectric and thermal conductivity properties of PVDF composites.

Excellent energy storage density of 13.1 J/cm3.
Postnatal Outcome After Ultrasound Findings of an Abnormal Fetal Gallbladder: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Markova Desislava , Markova Tsvetomira , Pandya Pranav , David Anna L.
Published: December 2024

Objective

To describe postnatal outcome following the prenatal diagnosis of an abnormal fetal gallbladder.

Methods

We conducted a systematic review of studies from January 1980 to January 2023 that described FGB abnormalities, which included agenesis or non‐visualisation, abnormal content presence of sludge, abnormal shape or size and abnormal position, and postnatal outcome to determine the association with pathology.

Results

In 51 studies, 842 fetuses had abnormal FGB. Non‐visualisation of the FGB was the most common diagnosis (521 fetuses, mean gestational age 21.6 weeks, range 14–29). The FGB was subsequently visualised prenatally in 128 out of 521 cases (24.6%; 95% CI, 20.9%–28.3%). Of the 393 cases with persistent FGB non‐visualisation (75.4%; 95% CI, 71.7–79.1), 48 cases (12.2%; 95% CI, 9.0–15.5) underwent termination of pregnancy (TOP) with FGB agenesis confirmed in 16 out of 26 fetuses that had a postmortem examination (61.5%; 95% CI, 42.8–80.2). After excluding cases with missing outcomes (n = 121), postnatal ultrasound was performed in 82.4% of cases with persistent non‐visualised FGB (224/272; 95% CI, 77.8%–86.9%). The gallbladder was not visualised in 63.4% (142/224; 95% CI, 57.1–69.7), confirming GB agenesis. This was an isolated finding in 41.1% of cases (92/224; 95% CI, 34.6–47.5). Of 272 known outcomes, biliary atresia, cystic fibrosis, and structural or chromosomal abnormalities were diagnosed in 8.5% (n = 23), 12.5% (n = 34), 18.0% (n = 49) and 6.3% (n = 17) cases, respectively. The sensitivity (true positive rate) of ultrasound for GB agenesis in fetuses with persistently non‐visualised FGB was 58.1% (158/272; 95% CI, 52.2%–64.0%). Fetal gallbladder stones/sludge were described in 100 fetuses mainly in the third trimester of pregnancy (mean gestational age 33.8 weeks). Resolution of postnatally followed up cases occurred in around one‐third of the cases (37.3%) within 1 month after birth. There was a low reported association with severe conditions (2%).

Conclusions

This systematic review and meta‐analysis found that when the fetal gallbladder was absent in mid‐trimester, it was visualised in subsequent fetal ultrasound examinations in around 25% of cases. If persistently absent on prenatal ultrasound, the confirmed rate of GB agenesis was around 50%, with the neonates having biliary atresia, cystic fibrosis, or structural abnormalities. Because of the association with severe conditions, if persistent FGB agenesis is suspected, prenatal diagnosis should be offered. FGB abnormalities such as stones/sludge tended to resolve by 1 year of age with around half of all cases resolving by 1 month postnatal.
Protein stability models fail to capture epistatic interactions of double point mutations
Authors: Dieckhaus Henry , Kuhlman Brian
Published: December 2024

There is strong interest in accurate methods for predicting changes in protein stability resulting from amino acid mutations to the protein sequence. Recombinant proteins must often be stabilized to be used as therapeutics or reagents, and destabilizing mutations are implicated in a variety of diseases. Due to increased data availability and improved modeling techniques, recent studies have shown advancements in predicting changes in protein stability when a single‐point mutation is made. Less focus has been directed toward predicting changes in protein stability when there are two or more mutations. Here, we analyze the largest available dataset of double point mutation stability and benchmark several widely used protein stability models on this and other datasets. We find that additive models of protein stability perform surprisingly well on this task, achieving similar performance to comparable non‐additive predictors according to most metrics. Accordingly, we find that neither artificial intelligence‐based nor physics‐based protein stability models consistently capture epistatic interactions between single mutations. We observe one notable deviation from this trend, which is that epistasis‐aware models provide marginally better predictions than additive models on stabilizing double point mutations. We develop an extension of the ThermoMPNN framework for double mutant modeling, as well as a novel data augmentation scheme, which mitigates some of the limitations in currently available datasets. Collectively, our findings indicate that current protein stability models fail to capture the nuanced epistatic interactions between concurrent mutations due to several factors, including training dataset limitations and insufficient model sensitivity.
Metarhizium acridum transcription factor MaFTF1 negatively regulates virulence of the entomopathogenic fungus by controlling cuticle penetration of locusts
Authors: Hong Geng , Yang Man , Wang Shanjun , Xia Yuxian , Peng Guoxiong
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND

The entomopathogenic fungus (EPF) Metarhizium acridum, a typical filamentous fungus, has been utilized for the biological control of migratory locusts (Locusta migratoria manilensis). Fungal‐specific transcription factors (TFs) play a crucial role in governing various cellular processes in fungi, although TFs with only the Fungal_trans domain remain poorly understood.

RESULTS

In this study, we identified a unique fungal‐specific TF in M. acridum, named MaFTF1, which contains only a Fungal_trans domain and functions as a negative regulator of M. acridum virulence by influencing cuticle penetration. The virulence of the MaFTF1 knockout strain (ΔMaFTF1) against L. migratoria was increased, with a median lethal time (LT50) ~0.91 days shorter than that of the wild‐type (WT) strain when inoculated topically, mimicking natural infection conditions. Correspondingly, ΔMaFTF1 penetrated the cuticle earlier than did the WT strain. Our investigation revealed that the development of appressoria was accelerated in ΔMaFTF1 compared with the WT strain. Furthermore, the appressoria of the ΔMaFTF1 displayed higher turgor pressure and an upregulated expression of fungal hydrolases active toward the insect cuticle. RNA sequencing analysis indicated that the differences in appressorium behavior between the strains were due to MaFTF1 regulating a complex metabolism pathway.

CONCLUSION

This study revealed that MaFTF1 acts as a negative regulator of virulence, impacting the process of cuticle penetration by slowing the formation of appressoria, decreasing their turgor pressure, and reducing the expression of hydrolases in appressoria, revealing an unexpected strategy in the EPFs. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Echocardiographic Grading of Right Ventricular Afterload in Left Heart Disease: Relation to Right Ventricular Function, Pulsatile and Resistant Load, and Outcome
Authors: Bech‐Hanssen Odd , Lindow Thomas , Astengo Marco , Bollano Entela , Ricksten Sven‐Erik
Published: December 2024

The hemodynamic definitions of pulmonary hypertension consider resistive loading (pulmonary vascular resistance [PVR]), but there are increasing evidence that pulsatile loading (pulmonary artery compliance [PAC]) has functional and prognostic importance. The aims of the present study on patients with left heart disease, were to evaluate a novel echocardiographic right ventricular (RV) afterload score and to investigate its relation to risk of mortality or implantation of a left ventricular assist device. Patients (n = 220) with left ventricular ejection fraction < 50% consecutively referred for heart transplant or heart failure workup underwent echocardiography and right heart catheterization. Four metrics were included in the afterload score: the systolic pulmonary artery pressure (sPAPDoppler) and three variables related to pressure reflection in the pulmonary circulation. Two points were allocated for sPAPDoppler ≥ 60 mmHg and for each pressure reflection variable indicating PVR > 3 Wood units (WU). One point was allocated for sPAPDoppler 36–59 mmHg and for pressure reflection variables above the upper normal limit. Low afterload was defined as 0‐to‐1 points, intermediate as 2‐to‐4 points, and high as 5‐to‐8 points. There were in‐between the groups significant differences in PAC and PVR. A 5‐point RV dysfunction score showed with stepwise increased RV afterload more severe dysfunction. Unadjusted hazard ratio for endpoint was 3.34 (1.69–6.79) for intermediate score, and 5.11 (2.52–10.40) for patients with high score. In conclusion, in patients with severe heart failure, a novel echocardiographic RV afterload score is related to increased pulsatile and resistant load, more severe RV dysfunction, and increased risk of adverse outcome.
Analysis of Longitudinal Lupus Data Using Multivariate t‐Linear Models
Authors: Jang Eun Jin , Rhee Anbin , Cho Soo‐Kyung , Lee Keunbaik
Published: December 2024

Analysis of healthcare utilization, such as hospitalization duration and medical costs, is crucial for policymakers and doctors in experimental and epidemiological investigations. Herein, we examine the healthcare utilization data of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The characteristics of the SLE data were measured over a 10‐year period with outliers. Multivariate linear models with multivariate normal error distributions are commonly used to evaluate long series of multivariate longitudinal data. However, when there are outliers or heavy tails in the data, such as those based on healthcare utilization, the assumption of multivariate normality may be too strong, resulting in biased estimates. To address this, we propose multivariate t‐linear models (MTLMs) with an autoregressive moving‐average (ARMA) covariance matrix. Modeling the covariance matrix for multivariate longitudinal data is difficult since the covariance matrix is high dimensional and must be positive‐definite. To address these, we employ a modified ARMA Cholesky decomposition and hypersphere decomposition. Several simulation studies are conducted to demonstrate the performance, robustness, and flexibility of the proposed models. The proposed MTLMs with ARMA structured covariance matrix are applied to analyze the healthcare utilization data of patients with SLE.
Tellurium/Bismuth Selenide van der Waals Heterojunction for Self‐Driven, Broadband Photodetection and Polarization‐Sensitive Application
Authors: Yu Yiye , Zhao Tiange , Peng Meng , Xu Tengfei , Duan Shikun , She Yihong , Jian Pengcheng , Chen Maohua , Chen Yue , Wang Zhen , Wu Feng , Martyniuk Piotr , Tsang Yuen Hong , Yao Bimu , Zeng Longhui , Dai Jiangnan , Chen Changqing , Hu Weida
Published: December 2024

Broadband detection technology is crucial in the fields of astronomy and environmental surveying. Two dimensional (2D) materials have emerged as promising candidates for next‐generation broadband photodetectors with the characteristics of high integration, multi‐dimensional sensing, and low power consumption. Among these, 2D tellurium (Te) is particularly noteworthy due to its excellent mobility, tunable bandgap, and air stability. However, the performance of the Te‐based photodetector has been hindered by high dark current and cut‐off wavelength limitations associated with its intrinsic bandgap. Here, the Te / bismuth selenide (Bi2Se3) van der Waals (vdWs) p‐n heterojunction with a clean interface and type‐II band alignment, designed to address these challenges are presented. The Te/Bi2Se3 heterojunction photodetectors demonstrate an ultra‐broadband photodetection range from Ultraviolet (UV) to Mid‐infrared (MIR) (365 nm–4.3 µm) and a high responsivity up to 880 mA W−1 at 1550 nm under zero bias. Moreover, benefiting from the anisotropy crystal structure of Te, the photodetector shows an obvious polarization‐sensitive photoresponse and enormous potential in optical communication and polarization imaging. This work hereby provides significant insight into low‐powered, high‐performance, and broadband vdWs heterojunction photodetectors and their functional applications.
Synergic Cellulose Nanofiber/Tourmaline Nanoparticle–Assembled Layered Piezoelectric Cryogels for High‐Performance Airborne Particulate Filtration
Authors: Lyu Chao , Laitinen Ossi , Zhu Mian , Li Pengze , Shen Ruiqing , Suopajärvi Terhi , Zhou Xiaotong , Liu Chenming , Li Xiaoyu , Yang Faguang , Liu Jingxian , Liimatainen Henrikki
Published: December 2024

Here, hybrid stimuli‐responsive (exhibiting pyroelectricity and piezoelectricity) porous cryogels are engineered by embedding tourmaline nanoparticles (TNs) in a cellulose nanofiber (CNF) skeleton to generate high‐performance CNF–TN‐based airborne particulate matter (PM) filters. First, single‐layer hybrid cryogels with varying TN contents (0–5% w v−1) are assembled, and the design principles for multilayered filters are established based on a novel sequential pre‐freezing and freeze‐drying technique. As observed, the embedded TNs transformed the CNF network into a more homogeneous, isotropic, and firm structure, thus improving the structural integrity and thermal stability of the assembled cryogels while maintaining their ultrahigh porosity and low density. The TN induced piezoelectric voltage in the cryogels during filtration significantly enhanced the filtration performance. Furthermore, the patterned surface texture of the cryogels notably improved quality factor (Qf) and the reusability of the layered filters overall. The explored hybrid cryogels, particularly those exhibiting multilayered configurations, can be deployed for high‐performance airborne particulates filtration owing to the synergistic effect of their mechanical robustness, stability, and high filtration efficiency. As far as it is known that, the Qf values (>0.04) obtained by the three‐layered cryogels are similar to or even higher than those of the reported best aerosol filters.
Triacylphosphines as a Novel Class of Phosphorus Sources for the Synthesis of Transition Metal Phosphide Nanoparticles
Authors: Antanovich Artsiom , Iodchik Andrey , Li Jing , Khavlyuk Pavel , Shamraienko Volodymyr , Lesnyak Vladimir
Published: December 2024

Transition metal phosphide (TMP) nanoparticles (NPs) are versatile materials for energy conversion/storage applications due to their robustness and many possibilities to tailor NPs’ electronic, physical, and chemical properties. One of the hurdles toward their broader implementation is their challenging synthesis exacerbated by the limited choice of phosphorus precursors. On the one hand, the synthesis of TMP NPs can employ various alkyl‐ or arylphosphines requiring prolonged heating at high temperatures, while on the other hand, highly reactive P(SiMe3)3, white phosphorus, or PH3 pose additional obstacles associated with their hazardous nature, high cost, and limited availability. This work introduces the use of acylphosphines as a new class of phosphorus sources for synthesizing phosphide NPs. They are shown to react with respective metal chlorides at moderate temperatures as low as 250 °C yielding poorly crystalline NPs, which can later be crystallized at 305 °C. After ligand stripping with HPF6, NPs are found to be an effective electrocatalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction in the acidic medium exhibiting overpotentials as low as 50 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm−2, which is among the lowest overpotentials for these materials and is quite competitive to commercial platinum‐based catalysts.