bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Proof of Concept of a Digital Forensic Readiness Cybercrime Language as a Service
Authors: Mohamad Al Mahdi Maryam , Baror Stacey
Published: March 2024

Welcome to the 21st century, where more devices are connected to the Internet than people on this earth. Each device will be or has been a target of cybercrime. The popularity of text-based cybercrimes has become prevalent with the advancement of the Internet. The number of cybercrimes increases yearly, unlike the reports of such crimes. The major problem is the lack of awareness and protection from cybercrimes. These issues cascade into greater consequences, such as a shortfall of reports, deficiency of cybercrime data, etc. The DFClaaS system is proposed as a solution; it allows users to report text-based cybercrimes anonymously. Next, several NLP techniques are applied to such reports to comprehend text-based cybercrimes as a language, and once the usage of the language is detected, an investigation proceeds. Subscribed users are individuals or businesses that are in some regard connected to the Internet. The DFClaaS system aims to protect its users from text-based cybercrimes and provide digital forensic investigators resources to conduct a successful investigation, enriching digital forensics research. The system is a feature-rich digital forensics readiness tool that will track the aggressive advancements of text-based cybercrimes, thus serving and protecting its users.
Options for Signalling Cyber Deterrence Using Cyber Capabilities
Authors: Keinonen Maria , Halunen Kimmo
Published: March 2024

The possibility of demonstrating power in cyberspace to create deterrence is a controversial topic. The desire of states to hide their true cyber capabilities leads to a reluctance to reveal their existing cyber power. However, the core idea of deterrence involves demonstrating power and signalling the will to use it so that the potential aggressor would find it less tempting to carry out aggression. Several studies attempt to solve the challenges related to cyber deterrence with a holistic approach, where deterrence in cyberspace is produced as part of a comprehensive deterrence using all instruments of state power, such as diplomatic, information, military, economic and legal capabilities. In turn, some studies argue that for credibility, cyber deterrence must include measures implemented specifically in cyberspace because cyberattacks can only be responded to in real-time with cyber capabilities. This paper argues that demonstrating cyber power is both necessary and profitable for the credibility of deterrence, although the nature of cyberspace and related technologies pose some limitations. This study examines the possibilities of demonstrating cyber power in concrete ways and aims to add a new perspective to academic debate. Cyber deterrence is investigated from the perspective of classical deterrence theory, including deterrence by denial and deterrence by punishment. By examining cyber deterrence literature using content analysis, deterrents that can be produced with cyber capabilities are defined, and examples of means to produce these effects are presented. According to the central observation of the study, a state can choose whether to demonstrate cyber power by revealing the victories achieved in real-life cyber battles, by demonstrating force in another state's cyberterritory or by disclosing selected capabilities in separate simulations without a real-life connection.
Art Crime Does not pay: Multiplexed Social Network Analysis in Cultural Heritage Trafficking Forensics
Authors: Salonen Jarno , Guarino Alessandro
Published: March 2024

Nowadays, crimes connected to cultural heritage can feature as a staple for organised crime networks and act as financial enablers for international conflicts, including terrorism organisations and even inter-state conflicts, in several ways. Goods of cultural significance include a range of valuable objects related to human cultures, like works of art, historical artefacts, and other antiques, but also forgeries based on such objects. These crimes are almost always transnational, for instance, involving theft or looting in one country and goods moved across borders to be sold. This article presents an intelligence methodology based on Social Network Analysis (SNA) techniques that can support law enforcement agencies (LEAs) in their daily struggle against criminals that also pose a threat to national security. The methodology proposed is based on the building of a blended, multiplexed social network graph, deriving from the fusion of a diverse set of data sources, both in the open-source domain (OSINT) and in the classified domain. We will present data collection methods, correlation between sources, possible ways to generate blended links between individuals that retain information from different sources, and SNA techniques applied to intelligence and investigations. The article provides an answer to the following research questions: how we can detect and identify criminal activities and networks related to cultural goods crimes, how we can assist LEAs in countering illicit trafficking, and how we can ensure that art crime does not pay.
Cyber Operations in Peace and War: A Framework for Persistent Engagement
Authors: Van Niekerk Brett
Published: March 2024

During 1990s, the concept of information warfare (IW) and information operations (including cyber operations, psychological operations, and electronic warfare) could be conducted with varying intensity across all stages of peace and conflict. At that time, many of the concepts related to cyber operations were still hypothetical. Subsequently, conflicts and competition between states have demonstrated the capabilities and limitations of cyber operations. Research emerging in 2022 by multiple authors demonstrate the limitations and usage of offensive cyber operations and maintaining a sustainable military cyber capability, as well as proposing alternative models for conflict in cyberspace. Alongside this, there has been increased attention on the impact of ICTs on international security and the responsible behaviour of nation-states in cyberspace. There is still ambiguity and different perspectives on the application of international law in cyberspace. This uncertainty disrupts the original models of IW and warfare, which assumed clear distinctions amongst the conflict stages. Both the discourse of ICTs in international security and recent conflict necessitate a reconsideration of the decades-old view of IW in times of peace, war and the grey zone in between. This paper proposes a framework for the roles of cyber operations across the stages of conflict based on contemporary perspectives on the utility of cyber operations as well as practical examples. In rethinking the IW model, a multidisciplinary view is required, considering the technical, legal, social and international security perspectives.
Enhancing Privacy and Security in Large-Language Models: A Zero-Knowledge Proof Approach
Authors: Singh Shridhar
Published: March 2024

The explosive growth of Large-Language Models (LLMs), particularly Generative Pre-trained Transformer (GPT) models, has revolutionised fields ranging from natural language processing to creative writing. Yet, their reliance on vast, often unverified data sources introduces a critical vulnerability: unreliability and security concerns. Traditional GPT models, while impressive in their capabilities, struggle with limited factual accuracy and susceptibility to manipulation by biased or malicious data. This poses a significant risk in professional and personal environments where sensitive or mission-critical data is paramount. This work tackles this challenge head-on by proposing a novel approach to enhance GPT security and reliability: leveraging Zero-Knowledge Proofs (ZKPs). Unlike traditional cryptographic methods that require sensitive data exchange, ZKPs allow one party to convincingly prove the truth of a statement, without revealing the underlying information. In the context of GPTs, ZKPs can validate the legitimacy and quality of data sources used in GPT computations, combating data manipulation and misinformation. This ensures trustworthy outputs, even when incorporating third-party data (TPD). ZKPs can securely verify user identities and access privileges, preventing unauthorised access to sensitive data and functionality. This protects critical information and promotes responsible LLM usage. ZKPs can identify and filter out manipulative prompts designed to elicit harmful or biased responses from GPTs. This safeguards against malicious actors and promotes ethical LLM development. ZKPs facilitate training specialised GPT models on targeted datasets, resulting in deeper understanding and more accurate outputs within specific domains. This allows the creation of ‘expert-GPT’ applications in specialised fields like healthcare, finance, and legal services. The integration of ZKPs into GPT models represents a crucial step towards overcoming trust and security barriers. Our research demonstrates the viability and efficacy of this approach, with our ZKP-based authentication system achieving promising results in data verification, user control, and malicious prompt detection. These findings lay the groundwork for a future where GPTs, empowered by ZKPs, operate with unwavering integrity, fostering trust and accelerating ethical AI development across diverse domains.
Deepfakes: The Legal Implications
Authors: Ramluckan Trishana
Published: March 2024

The development of deepfakes began in 2017, when a software developer on the Reddit online platform began posting his creations in which he swapped the faces of Hollywood celebrities onto the faces of adult film artists, while in 2018, the comedic actor Jordan Peele posted a deepfake video of former U.S. President Obama insulting former U.S. President Trump and warning of the dangers of deepfake media. With the viral use of deepfakes by 2019, the U.S. House Intelligence Committee began hearings on the potential threats to U.S. security posed by deepfakes. Unfortunately, deepfakes have become even more sophisticated and difficult to detect. With easy accessibility to the applications of deepfakes, its usage has increased drastically over the last five years. Deepfakes are now designed to harass, intimidate, degrade, and threaten people and often leads to the creation and dissemination of misinformation as well as creating confusion about important state and non-state issues. A deepfake may also breach IP rights e.g., by unlawfully exploiting a specific line, trademark or label. Furthermore, deepfakes may cause more severe problems such as violation of the human rights, right of privacy, personal data protection rights apart from the copyright infringements. While just a few governments have approved AI regulations, the majority have not due to concerns around the freedom of speech. And while most online platforms such as YouTube have implemented a number of legal mechanisms to control the content posted on their platforms, it remains a time consuming and costly affair. A major challenge is that deep fakes often remain indetectable by the unaided human eye, which lead to the development by governments and private platform to develop deep-fake detecting technologies and regulations around their usage. This paper seeks to discuss the legal and ethical implications and responsibilities of the use of  deepfake technologies as well as to highlight the various social and legal challenges which both regulators and the society face while considering the potential role of online content dissemination platforms and governments in addressing deep fakes.
Securi-Chain: Enhancing Smart Contract Security in Blockchain Systems Through Optimized Access Control
Authors: Swart Keanu , Omeleze Baror Stacey , Venter Hein
Published: March 2024

With the increase in usage of blockchain technology across domains, there is a high demand for the need of secure access control and a high level of security for smart contracts within blockchain to accommodate the domains that already implement blockchain and become accessible to other domains that require a high level of security in its transactions. This paper aims to evaluate the relationship between the best practices of access control and security of smart contracts in blockchain to optimise the usage of both technologies for blockchain usage across domains into a generalized blockchain model named the Securi-Chain Model. A literature review compares the relationship between access control and the security of smart contracts across three domains: Healthcare, IoT, and e-voting. Based on the findings of the literature review, Securi-Chain is proposed to implement the best practices displayed in these three domains and combine them in a way that ensures secure transactions across blockchain as a generalized approach that can be used throughout various domains. This model will also implement methods that enhance the security of transaction processes within the system. A Case Scenario is used to implement the Securi-Chain Model for the Healthcare and e-voting domains to display how this proposed model is used for domains that have been researched. The research that is conducted found that blockchain networks can support not only high-level access control across transactions in a network but also the security of smart contracts that comply to safeguard confidentiality, integrity, and data accessibility. Secrui-Chain, as well as the findings of the literature review, seem to benefit the domains that have been researched, as well as domains that require a high level of security regarding transactions across a network. These domains can benefit from using blockchain technology as well as the level of security that comes with the access control and security of smart contracts that have been implemented in Securi-Chain.
Active Gait System for Real-Time Surveillance Against Cyber-Physical Attacks
Authors: Moepi Glen , Mathonsi Topside Ehleketani
Published: March 2024

Cyberterrorism, espionage, and warfare are serious threats to national security. These attacks can harm people or destroy critical infrastructures like the data centres, computer networks, and systems. Surveillance systems currently used in monitoring critical infrastructures, national key points, and military exclusion zones (MEZ) are ineffective in detecting unauthorised intrusions. These issues compromise the stability of the countries, and the safety of the citizens and result in the loss of important assets. This experimental research study developed a Cyber Physical Security (CPS) defense gait-recognition monitoring system. Autonomous Machine Learning (ML) technology was employed to enhance the precision and reliability of the system against CPA, in tracking access, managing security clearances, and triggering alerts in the event of unauthorized entries to restricted areas.
A Proposed High-Level Methodology on How OSINT is applied in Blockchain Investigations
Authors: Gertenbach Wian , Botha Johnny , Leenen Louise
Published: March 2024

The characteristics of blockchain established a desirable platform for entities to innovate and operate in a secure, transparent, and decentralised manner. However, cybercriminals have increasingly found refuge in the decentralised environment of blockchain technology. Cryptocurrencies are increasingly misused in malicious activities that encompass the trade of illicit goods, money laundering, various types of scams and ransomware attacks. The total cryptocurrency value received by illicit addresses reached an all-time high of $20.6 billion in 2022 according to Chainalysis. The inherent privacy and anonymity features of many blockchain networks make it challenging for law enforcement and regulatory agencies to track and apprehend wrongdoers. Consequently, a pressing need arises not only to initiate investigations on the blockchain to identify unlawful activities, but also to discover connections between these activities and the identities of the responsible individuals. Due to blockchain data being publicly available, the application of Open-Source Intelligence (OSINT) techniques is proposed to facilitate these types of investigations. In the context of blockchain, OSINT, together with investigation tools hold the promise of unearthing valuable information that could aid in attributing malicious activities to the individuals responsible for those actions. By analysing and synthesizing data from publicly accessible sources, such as data from blockchain explorers and link analysis tools such Chainalysis, Maltego or Spiderfoot, investigators could potentially unveil valuable clues that assist in building a comprehensive picture of blockchain-related criminal activities. Ultimately, with sufficient information and actionable intelligence collected, the main goal is to link it to Know Your Customer (KYC) data, that could be obtained from cryptocurrency exchanges via a subpoena from law enforcement agencies. This paper delves into the mechanisms of various OSINT tools and techniques, to determine their adaptability to the specific demands of blockchain investigations. This study provides a methodology and recommendations with insights into how these tools can be wielded to bridge the gap between blockchain's pseudonymity and real-world identities.
Learn, Unlearn and Relearn: Adaptive Cybersecurity Culture Model
Authors: Gundu Tapiwa
Published: March 2024

In the ever-evolving cyberspace landscape, organisations face persistent threats that continuously mutate and adapt. To effectively defend against these dynamic cyber threats, a fundamental shift in cybersecurity culture is imperative. This paper presents a novel Adaptive Cybersecurity Culture Model (ACCM) that encapsulates the principles of "Learn, Unlearn, and Relearn" as a strategic stance to foster resilience and adaptability in the face of evolving cyber threats. The ACCM emphasizes the importance of continuous learning as the cornerstone of cybersecurity culture. It advocates the adoption of a growth mindset within organisations, encouraging employees to stay updated with emerging threats, technologies, and best practices. However, the model goes beyond mere learning; it underscores the significance of unlearning outdated practices and misconceptions that may hinder effective cybersecurity. Furthermore, the ACC model introduces the concept of "Relearn," emphasizing the need to rapidly adapt and evolve strategies and tactics in response to ever-changing cyber threats. It promotes a culture of agility and adaptability, enabling organisations to respond effectively to both known and unforeseen cyber challenges. The model presented in this paper draws from case studies of various industries to illustrate the successful adoption and transformation of cybersecurity culture using the Learn, Unlearn, and Relearn principles. The ACCM represents a paradigm shift in cybersecurity culture, acknowledging that the ability to adapt is as critical as the ability to protect. By fostering a culture of continuous learning, unlearning, and relearning, organisations can proactively enhance their cyber resilience and effectively defend against the ever-evolving cyber threat landscape. This paper provides a roadmap for organisations to embark on this transformative journey toward a more adaptive and resilient cybersecurity culture.
Managing Cyber Security Debt: Strategies for Identification, Prioritisation, and Mitigation
Authors: Coetzer Christo , Leenen Louise
Published: March 2024

This paper explores cyber security debt, a technical debt arising from unaddressed security vulnerabilities in an organisation's IT systems. These vulnerabilities accumulate due to resource limitations, time constraints, and expertise gaps, potentially leading to security breaches and data compromises. The paper outlines the cyber security debt management process involving identification, prioritisation, and mitigation strategies. Drawing parallels to financial debt, the authors emphasise the escalating risks of delaying cyber security debt repayment. The paper underscores the significance of diligent debt management in maintaining digital resilience and mitigating cyber threats. The increasing interconnectedness of systems and rapid software development has given rise to a hidden challenge known as cyber security debt. Cyber security debt is posed as a subset of technical debt, encompassing the accumulation of security vulnerabilities within an organisation's IT infrastructure and applications. Drawing a parallel between cyber security debt and its financial counterpart, the authors underscore the grave risks of deferring debt repayment. Just as financial debt accrues interest, unresolved security vulnerabilities compound over time, elevating the likelihood of breaches and data exposure. A poignant case study of the Equifax breach exemplifies the real-world consequences of neglecting security debt management. The failure to patch a well-known vulnerability led to a colossal data breach, highlighting the urgency of addressing security weaknesses promptly. Complex in nature, cyber security debt materialises when organisations fail to address vulnerabilities during various operational life cycles. These vulnerabilities might remain concealed within IT architecture, legacy code, or third-party libraries, posing a formidable challenge to detection and resolution. By understanding the parallels between financial and cyber security debt and proactively managing the latter, organisations can enhance their ability to safeguard against evolving cyber threats and maintain a robust security posture.
Strengthening Aviation Cybersecurity with Security Operations Centres
Authors: Murisa Wesley , Coetzee Marijke
Published: March 2024

Even though cybersecurity is a top priority for the aviation industry, research indicates that there are still many challenges to address. Modern aviation systems encompass cloud computing, OT, IoT, mobile devices, and traditional IT infrastructure. The network complexity has expanded the attack surface, leading to an increase in security incidents. Due to this complexity, detecting security incidents on time is challenging. Research indicates that it may take up to 196 days to detect an incident and another 56 days to address it, highlighting the urgency of improving security response. In this regard, establishing Security Operations Centres (SOCs) in the aviation sector must be addressed. SOCs can be instrumental in reducing the time it takes to detect and respond to security incidents. They provide visibility into threats, aid investigations, and enhance forensic efforts, enabling proactive threat mitigation. Research has been carried out on SOC implementations for specific domains like IoT, mobile devices, and higher education, neglecting aviation systems. Aviation systems such as Air Traffic Management (ATM) face unique security vulnerabilities, including signal modification, jamming, flooding, data and command injection, GPS spoofing, and blocking attacks, primarily due to their reliance on wireless technology. Most of these wireless technologies do not use encryption or authentication because they were designed to maximise performance. Insufficient funding also negatively affects ATM systems, resulting in the wide use of legacy ATM systems and a shortage of skilled personnel. ATM systems are considered critical infrastructure frequently targeted by well-resourced threat actors, including terrorists and nation-state actors, necessitating higher protection levels. This paper motivates the development of a customised SOC implementation framework for ATM systems to enhance aviation security by increasing visibility into threats and facilitating timely remediation.
Cyber Resilience, Dependability and Security
Authors: Davies Gareth , Mison Angela , Eden Peter
Published: March 2024

There is a continuing skills shortage associated with digital security and DevSecOps (World Economic Forum, 2023), but this paper argues that is due to non-recognition that it is time for cyber security and/or digital security to be defined, and a further separation of specialisms in computing to be made apparent. This has become increasingly important when considering Artificial Intelligence. The problem is not new. This paper presents a refinement of the principles suggested by Milner (2007) of using a model to describe behaviour and organise software, grappling with seemingly intractable and complex problems which cross boundaries between different systems: engineering, technological, social, economic, legal, and political, each with a distinct perspective and goal. It emphasises Hoare’s (1996) assertion that system failures are largely due to failed analysis impacting development of resilient systems.  It argues that there are dichotomies between resilience – a system security/safety perspective, dependability – a user/consumer perspective, and security – a technology perspective.  Many proposed systems to date have conflated these perspectives in the secure by design paradigm which requires a depth of knowledge and expertise.  Unicorns are rare.  This paper suggests how to overcome the skills shortage utilising the skill sets that are available in a manner that maximises the contribution to digital security. Recognising that not everyone and everything needs to communicate with the world reduces complexity and can increase trust.  Concentration on the operational purpose of a system, resulting in an Operational Design Domain (ODD) reduces complexity further.  Additional reduction in complexity is achieved by placing resilience in an engineering and programming development context, grounded in acceptable behaviours, while accepting dependability as a user expectation of system behaviour, and cyber security as a separate specialism addressing access to systems and infrastructure. Much of this paper is a reversion to defensive programming through the ODD. There is a need for any solution to the skills shortage be scalable and economic, and this paper suggests how that can be achieved using existing skill sets targeted at their specialisms.
Integrating Enterprise Architecture into Cybersecurity Risk Management in Higher Education
Authors: Nkambule Mafika , Jansen van Vuuren Joey
Published: March 2024

Cybercriminals constantly seek new methods to infiltrate a company's defences, making cybersecurity investments essential. Enterprise architecture (EA) provides a systematic risk detection and mitigation process by emphasising the interdependencies between systems, data, processes, people, and other factors. This paper provides a comprehensive approach, also referred to as a process, based on EA to assist African universities in developing a comprehensive cybersecurity plan. The EA process comprises four pillars: business architecture, data architecture, application architecture, and technology architecture. African universities can develop a comprehensive cybersecurity strategy using an EA approach in cybersecurity to achieve institutional goals and objectives. The potential attack surface comprises isolated EA components and their interconnections.This article comprehensively examines various EA processes such as business, information, application, and technology architecture. These processes are carefully analysed to evaluate the organisational structures and uncover opportunities to enhance security protocols. Additionally, we delve deep into abstract security patterns, seeking to cultivate an environment of trustworthiness within complex systems. Our research findings underscore the significant potential within African higher education institutions. By embracing a model-based approach to risk analysis and mitigation, these institutions can fortify their cybersecurity defences to ensure uninterrupted business operations and enhance overall resilience in the face of evolving security challenges.When we combine EA and information security (ICS), we uncover many vulnerabilities malicious actors might exploit. By embracing a holistic EA-based methodology, institutions can craft and implement robust security protocols to safeguard their components and connections. Leveraging EA, our proposed integrated approach aims to forge a comprehensive cybersecurity risk management strategy tailored to the African higher education sector. This strategy seeks to facilitate the identification of critical elements and their intricate interrelationships, thus formulating an effective defence strategy against potential cyber threats. The synergy promises to elevate cybersecurity practices, ensure uninterrupted business operations, and fortify the continent's resilience.
Trends in the livestock and pork market in Poland with regard to the environmental impact of this production direction
Authors: Olszańska Anna , Kowalska Anna Sylwia , Szymańska Joanna , Paskudzka Klaudia , Soukal Ivan
Published: March 2024

After joining the European Union, the market economy continued to drive structural changes in meat production and processing. Unfortunately, the functioning of meat markets was impacted by several threats with significant adverse influence. Phenomena such as the spread of ASF disease, the United Kingdom's exit from the European Union or the Covid-19 epidemic added instability to the already cyclical pork market. The study aims to evaluate the functioning of Poland’s pork market and to identify the main trend in this market. Livestock and pork meat production in Poland form a significant economic sector; however, it creates considerable environmental challenges. The study focuses on key aspects such as greenhouse gas emissions, water usage, feed consumption, and waste management. The study covers the years 2004-2021, i.e., the period of seventeen years after Poland's accession to the European Union. The statistical data analysis methods showed four to three-year cycles in pork live stock with a decreasing amplitude over time and high and relatively stable domestic demand for pork. This provides a favourable foundation for future production direction. However, the systematic changes in the structure of meat consumption and price development led to a steady increase in the share of poultry meat at the expense of pork and bovine during the observed year span.
Penentuan Faktor Berpengaruh dalam Pemilihan Moda Transportasi Perkotaan Berbasis Layanan Online dan Konvensional di Kota Kendari
Authors: Prianto Andis , Azis Rudi , Alkadri  , Hasddin  , Sambari Villa Evadelvia Ginal , Maladeni Eva Safitri , Haydir
Published: March 2024

Kehadiran transportasi online tentunya berdampak pada sikap Masyarakat terhadap penggunaan moda transportasi konvensional. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengamati perilaku perjalanan pengguna transportasi darat antara pengguna transportasi online dengan transportasi konvensional di Kota Kendari. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif, data diperoleh dengan survei langsung dengan bantuan kuesioer yang melibatkan sebanyak 85 orang responden. Hasil penyebaran kuesioner pada penumpang diperoleh sebagian besar (68%) pengguna memilih transportasi online dan 32% memilih Angkutan konvensional sebagai moda yang di pilih. Berdasarkan uji korelasi faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh adalah tarif, waktu, kenyamanan, dan keamanan dengan nilai R square = 0,598% dan menghasilkan persamaan regresi Y = 0.359 + 0.025.X1 + 0.056.X2 + 0.093.X3 + 0.270.X4 . Variabel yang paling banyak berpengaruh pada model pemilihan moda ini adalah kemanan (safety). Secara teortis dapat dinyatakan bahwa waktu pejalan (trevel time), pelayanan (service), dan keamanan (safety) menjadi tiga faktor penting yang paling kuat dalam menentukan sikap Masyarakat dalam memilih moda transportasi, terutama pada layanan transportasi online. Konsekuensi logis dan praktis bahwa bagi penyedia layanan transportasi konvensional untuk dapat survive dalam persaingan layanan transportasi dalam mengintegrasikan tiga hal tersebut agar bisa menjadi pilihan pengguna transportasi.
Financial statement analysis was conducted to assess the financial performance of PT Unilever Indonesia Tbk in the 2018-2022 period using the Current Ratio, Debt Equity Ratio, and Return on Asset
Authors: Ina Ina , Octavia Afini Dhea , Fauziah Tika , Haryadi Didit
Published: March 2024

Financial performance is a formal effort to evaluate the efficiency and effectiveness ofa company in generating profits. The method used is a qualitative method using a descriptive approach; the subject in this study is PT Unilever Indonesia Tbk and the object in this study is the financial statement data of PT Unilever Indonesia Tbk. The data source used in this study is secondary data taken from the official website of PT Unilever Indonesia Tbk. This study aims to determinethe financial performance of PT Unilever Indonesia Tbk using the CurrentRatio, debt-to-equityRatio, and return on assets. It is expected to provide helpful information for companies and investors in making investment decisions. Based on the attached data, it shows that during the 2018-2022 period, the average Ratio of each Ratio in PT Unilever Indonesia Tbk is as follows: at the liquidity ratio of current assets of 8,178,740 and current liabilities of 12,488,997. At the Ratio of total debt solvency of 14,415,546 and total equity of 5,223,178. Theprofitability ratio of total assets amounted to 56,794,724, and net profit amounted to 6,955,753. From the results of this study, the Company's financial performance shows a low level of liquidity, a higher level of risk due to the use of more considerable debt, and suboptimal operational performance. Therefore, companies must pay attention to cost management, debt management, and sales activities to improve financial performance. TheCompanyCompany should increase sales toenhance efficient financial performance. This research is expected to make theoretical contributions to the literature in this context, including in the context of economic and banking management.
Capital structure moderation on the effect of net profit margin on company value in the manufacturing company sector for the 2015-2019 period
Authors: Nurlelah Nurlelah , Suheti Suheti , Sumarni Meli , Haryadi Didit
Published: March 2024

This study investigates the interaction between capital structure, net profit margin, and company value in the manufacturing sector in Indonesia. The goal is to gain insight into how these factors interact and affect the overall value of a company in a particular region and industry. This analysis uses quantitative methods based on financial data and relevant metrics for a sample of 30 manufacturing companies operating in Indonesia. This study examines the relationship between capital structure, net profit margin, and company value through statistical analysis and linear regression modeling techniques with SPSS version 26. The results showed that capital structure net profit margin significantly affected the company's value in the manufacturing industry. The capital structure reinforces the effect of the net profit margin on the company's value. The findings contribute to the existing literature on company valuations by providing empirical evidence specific to the manufacturing sector in West Java. The research has implications for policymakers, investors, and managers, as it offers valuable insights into the factors that drive corporate value in the industry, helping stakeholders make decisions and strategies to improve performance and competitiveness. Provide benefits in the context of financial management.
Networks in implementing policies. case study: Implementation of the Child Friendly Regency policy in East Luwu Regency
Authors: Al Jamily Ismail , Haning Moch.Thahir , Nur Indar Nur Indrayati
Published: March 2024

This research aims to determine and analyze networks in policy implementation in a case study of child-friendly district policies in East Luwu. This type of research uses a descriptive qualitative approach. Data collection in this research was through observation and literature study. Data analysis includes data reduction, data presentation, and data interpretation, data conclusion and verification. The research results show that the implementation of child-friendly district policies was carried out with various efforts, including the issuance of regent regulations, the formation of a task force, and the formation of the Association of Indonesian Children's Friends Companies (APSAI). However, in its implementation, various problems and cases of violence against children were found to increase, so in-depth cooperation was needed.
Implementasi Kebijakan Penerapan Aplikasi Sistem Keuangan Desa (Siskeudes) Dalam Pengelolaan Dana Alokasi Desa
Authors: Fauzy Mohamad Fadli , Adiarsa Sopyan Resmana
Published: March 2024

Penelitian ini merupakan studi mengenai penerapan electronic government (e-Government). Fokus penelitian diarahkan pada implementasi kebijakan penerapan aplikasi sistem keuangan desa (Siskeudes) dalam pengelolaan Dana Alokasi Desa (ADD). Jenis penelitian menggunakan penelitian kualitatif dengan desain penelitian studi kasus. Pada penelitian ini, model implementasi kebijakan menurut George Edward III digunakan sebagai alat analisa. Pengumpulan data menggunakan wawancara, observasi dan studi dokumentasi. Penentuan partisipan penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode purposive sampling. Data yang terkumpul kemudian dianalisis dengan menggunakan model analisis data yang dikemukakan oleh Miles dan Huberman (1992) yang terdiri dari beberapa tahapan yaitu Reduksi Data, Penyajian Data, dan Penarikan Kesimpulan/ Verifikasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa implementasi kebijakan penerapan aplikasi sistem keuangan desa di Desa Tanjung Baru Kecamatan Cikarang Timur Kabupaten Bekasi dinilai dari aspek komunikasi, sumber daya, disposisi dan struktur birokrasi telah berjalan dengan baik. Meskipun dalam proses pelaksanaan ditemui beberapa permasalahan berupa adanya mis komunikasi dan tumpang tindih perintah yang menyebabkan human eror berupa salah input data pada aplikasi, kurang baiknya jaringan internet, dan adanya perubahan mekanisme pada sistem keuangan desa telah membuat para pelaksana merasakan kerumitan. Pemerintah Desa telah melakukan upaya untuk mengatasi kendala yang muncul diantaranya dengan mengadakan pelatihan dan pemberian arahan kepada para pelaksana teknis kebijakan.
Pemberdayaan Perempuan Melalui Program Sekolah Perempuan Capai Impian dan Cita-cita (Sekoper Cinta) di Kota Tasikmalaya
Authors: Sri Wahyuni Santi , Supriatna Popon , Andriani Dian
Published: March 2024

Program Sekoper Cinta merupakan program unggulan Pemerintah Jawa Barat yang dilaksanakan oleh Pemerintah Kota Tasikmalaya yaitu DPPKBP3A Kota Tasikmalaya. Program ini berdasarkan Keputusan Gubernur Jawa Barat Nomor:420.05/Kep.1224/Yanbangsos/2018 tentang Tim Penyelenggara Sekolah Perempuan Capai Impian dan Cita-cita. Penelitian yang berjudul Pemberdayaan Perempuan Melalui Program Sekolah Perempuan Capai Impian dan Cita-cita (Sekoper Cinta) Di Kota Tasikmalaya ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa pemberdayaan perempuan yang dilakukan DPKBP3A Kota Tasikmalaya, dalam menangani masalah ini melalui teori Adisasmita yang difokuskan terhadap aspek input, aspek proses dan aspek output. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah Deskriptif dengan pendekatan Kualitatif atau Deskriptif Kualitatif. Dengan menggunakan teknik snowball sampling, data yang berhasil diperoleh dari hasil observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Pemberdayaan Perempuan Melalui Program Sekoper Cinta Di Kota Tasikmalaya sudah dijalankan namun belum optimal, karena sarana dan prasarana yang sangat minim, kurangnya pengawasan pemerintah setelah pelaksanaan program Sekoper Cinta, belum adanya tindak lanjut setelah pelaksanaan program.

 

Kata kunci: Pemberdayaan Perempuan, Sekoper Cinta
ANALISIS NARASI ANIES BASWEDAN PADA KAMPANYE PILKADA DKI JAKARTA 2017 DALAM PERSPEKTIF NORMAN FAIRCLOUGH
Authors: Ghaisani Jihan , Husin Luthfi Hamzah
Published: March 2024

Pemilihan umum menjadi ajang kontestasi bagi aktor politik untuk berlaga meraih simpatisan masyarakat. Terdapat berbagai macam fenomena sosial yang dapat dianalisis secara lebih dalam kampanye menjelang pemilihan umum berlangsung. Pemilihan umum kepala daerah (Pilkada) di DKI Jakarta tahun 2017 telah menjadi ajang kontestasi politik yang menarik untuk dibahas secara lebih lanjut. Anies Rasyid Baswedan yang umumnya dikenal memenangkan Pilkada DKI Jakarta 2017 dengan menggunakan suara gerakan Islam, namun kemenangannya di satu sisi tidak terlepas dari gerakan non-Islam seperti halnya warga Jakarta yang bermukim di sepanjang bantaran Sungai Ciliwung. Penulis di sini akan membedah narasi Anies Baswedan pada debat terbuka menjelang Pilkada DKI Jakarta tahun 2017 melalui pendekatan dari perspektif analisis wacana Norman Fairclough
Gerakan Lingkungan Masyarakat Terhadap Pembangunan Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Sampah (PLTSa) di Kecamatan Gedebage
Authors: Ghaisani Jihan Auliana
Published: March 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kajian terkait dinamika Gerakan Sosial dalam proses Penolakan Pembangunan PLTSa Gedebage. Penelitian ini menggunakan teori Gerakan Sosial yang dikemukakan oleh Sydney Tarrow dengan fokus gerakan lingkungan. Penelitian ini menganalisis bagaimana suatu kebijakan menjadi perhatian masyarakat hingga kemudian terjadi interaksi yang dilakukan berupa gerakan sosial dikarenakan adanya ketidaksesuaian jalannya pemerintahan yang dijalankan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian kualitatif. Dalam hal memperoleh sumber penelitian, peneliti memperoleh data primer yang berasal dari wawancara langsung salah satu tokoh masyarakat di Kecamatan Gedebage, setelahnya untuk data sekunder sendiri,  berasal dari beragam aneka studi kepustakaan serta juga media massa. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat polemik antara pemangku kebijakan yakni Pemerintah Kota Jawa Barat dengan masyarakat. Hal ini  dikarenakan masyarakat merasa tidak adanya sistem yang berjalan dengan baik, sehingga terjadi maladministrasi dalam pembangunan PLTSa Gedebage. Maka dari itu masyarakat Gedebage melakukan suatu gerakan sosial agar pemerintah lebih memperhatikan jalannya roda pemerintahan berdasarkan demokrasi partisipatif.
Application of Waterfall Model in Web-Based Social Assistance Application Development
Authors: Sari Ratna , Zulkifli Zulkifli
Published: March 2024

Kemiskinan di Indonesia menjadi masalah yang sangat penting saat ini, sehingga menjadi perhatian fokus bagi pemerintah dan menjadi isu pembangunan di Indonesia. Strategi utama dalam menurunkan kemiskinan di Indonesia merupakan salah satu langkah yang banyak ditemput untuk menekan pertumbuhan dan memutuskan rantai kemiskinan. Berbagai upaya dan kebijakan pemerintah telah dilakukan untuk mengatasi permasalahan ini, salah satunya adalah dengan memberikan bantuan sosial untuk masyarakat yang memiliki ekonomi lemah. Bantuan sosial tersebut diantaranya adalah Program Keluarga Harapan, Bantuan Pangan Non Tunai, Bantuan Kelompok Usaha Bersama, Bantuan Rumah Tidak Layak Huni, Bantuan Langsung Tunai, Bantuan Lansia terlantar dan Disabilitas, Akses Layanan Publik, dan Layanan Sosial Lainnya. Kebijakan yang baik harus dikawal sehingga bantuan tersebut dapat tersalurkan sesuai sasaran. Aspek pemerataan bantuan juga menjadi penting sehingga tidak ada yang merasa dirugikan dari masyarakat yang membutuhkan. Dalam menyukseskan upaya ini dibutuhkan Penerapan Model Waterfall Pada Pengembangan Aplikasi Pengajuan Bantuan Sosial Berbasis Web untuk mengetahui masyarakat mana yang lebih membutuhkan sehingga bantuan ini dapat tersalurkan tepat sasaran
Alat Pendeteksi Asap Rokok pada Ruangan Menggunakan Sensor MQ-2 dan Microcontroller Arduino Uno
Authors: Aditya Agil
Published: March 2024

Kurangnya fasilitas ruangan untuk para perokok juga kurang memadai seperti tidak adanya pembersih udara pada ruangan khusus perokok sehingga menimbulkan asap yang mengendap pada ruangan. Oleh karena itu penulis telah merancang dan merealisasikan sebuah perangkat yang dapat mendeteksi asap rokok dan kemudian menetralisirkannya, alat ini nantinya berfungsi untuk mengeluarkan asap rokok yang terperangkap pada ruangan khusus merokok dan mengubahnya menjadi ruangan bebas asap rokok. Perangkat ini menggunakan mikrokontroler arduino uno dan modul sensor gas bertipe MQ-2 sebagai alat untuk mendeteksi kadar asap. Sensor MQ-2 akan memberikan informasi kadar asap pada ruangan dan kemudian mengirimkan informasi itu kepada mikrokontroler untuk di proses, Alat ini diprogram memiliki dua keadaan. Keadaan pertama jika sampai 60 ppm (kadar asap) atau lebih maka salah satu led akan menyala. Keadaan kedua jika sampai 80 ppm atau lebih maka kedua led, buzzer dan fan akan menyala. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian alat ini mampu mendeteksi kadar asap rokok yang terkumpul pada suatu ruangan dengan baik, dan membutuhkan waktu beberapa saat untuk menetralisirkan ruangan yang terkontaminasi asap rokok menjadi ruangan bebas asap rokok.
Sistem Konfirmasi Kesediaan Dosen Menguji Seminar dan Tugas Akhir di STMIK STIKOM Indonsia
Authors: Prami Swari Made Hanindia
Published: March 2024

Salah satu komponen penting dalam kegiatan akademik di sebuah perguruan tinggi adalah proses pelaksanaan tugas akhir. STMIK STIKOM Indonesia merupakan salah satu perguruan tinggi dengan jumlah pengajuan tugas akhir sebanyak hampir 400 judul setiap semesternya dengan jumlah dosen penguji sebanyak 30 orang. Permasalahan yang tejadi adalah setiap hari rata-rata satu orang dosen penguji harus menguji kurang lebih sebanyak 6 orang mahasiswa, namun kesibukan dosen menyebabkan dosen seringkali tidak berada di ruangan, sedangkan pembuatan jadwal ujian yang seringkali baru berhasil dibuat sehari sebelum pelaksanaan ujian membuat staf harus dengan segea mengkonfirmasi kesediaan menguji dari masing-masing dosen. Ketidakberadaan dosen setiap saat di ruangan masing-masing menyebabkan proses konfirmasi menjadi terhambat yang menyebabkan pengumuman jadwal ujian ke mahasiswa juga mengalami keterlambatan. Melalui sistem konfirmasi yang dibuat, maka dosen dapat memberikan konfirmasi melalui web yang dapat diakses dimanapun dan kapanpun, sehingga diharapkan mampu mempercepat proses konfirmasi terhadap jadwal yang ujian yang dibuat. Manfaat lain yang didapatkan adalah membantu pekerjaan staf untuk melakukan proses konfirmasi mengingat jumlah dosen yang harus dikonfirmasi cukup banyak dan dosen tersebar di 6 ruang dosen yang berbeda.
Pengamanan Pengelolaan Hak Akses Web Berbasis Yii Framework
Authors: Aini Qurotul , Rahardja Untung , Madiistriyatno Harries , Martianda Setiaji Yoke Dwi
Published: March 2024

Di era perkembangan teknologi seperti saat ini, sistem informasi berperan sangat penting. Banyak sekali yang mengandalkan sistem informasi untuk mendapatkan informasi yang akurat, menentukan keputusan, atau memecahkan permasalahan. Namun terkadang datang berbagai ancaman terhadap keamanan dari sistem tersebut terutama dalam akses data. Dalam penelitian ini akan dibahas salah satu solusi mencegah ancaman terhadap keamanan terutama pada sistem web berbasis Yii Framework. Dengan memanfaatkan fitur keamanan akses kontrol dari Yii Framework, pengembang dapat membuat sebuah web yang dapat membedakan akses terhadap user dalam satu web. Pengamanan akses berfungsi mengamankan data dari user tidak memiliki hak untuk mengaksesnya. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan 3 metode penelitian, yaitu metode tinjauan pustaka untuk mempelajari Yii Framework dan pengelolaan hak akses pada web, metode analisa untuk menganalisa penggunaan hak akses user pada sistem serta metode perancangan untuk merancang dan membangun sistem. Diimplementasikan pada sistem berbasis web VIKA (Viewboard Kepala Jurusan) dimana akan diterapkan akses yang berbeda untuk kepala jurusan dan pimpinan. Kesimpulan yang dihasilkan pada penelitian ini yaitu berhasil membuat sistem dengan keamanan hak akses dan mampu menjaga keamanan data dari user yang tidak memiliki hak. Dengan pengelolaan hak akses ini diharapkan dapat memberikan integritas dan keamanan terhadap sistem.