bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Empowering Design in Revigrés: The Strategic Influence of the Chief Design Officer on an Organization's Future
Authors: Pinheiro Gisela , Franqueira Teresa
Published: May 2024

By leveraging the CDO's role, Revigrés can drive innovation, enhance competitiveness, and position itself as a leader in the design‐driven economy.

The presence of design leadership gives an organization an edge in driving innovation and strategic decision‐making in addition to enhancing its competitiveness.
Intellectual property protection, infringement disputes, and, corporate innovation investment persistence
Authors: Peng Hongxing , Mao Xinshu , Zhang Jun
Published: May 2024

To examine the important role of regional intellectual property (IP) protection, we empirically check the impact of infringement disputes on corporate innovation investment persistence. We document that IP protection enforcement can significantly and negatively mitigate the infringer's innovation investment persistence but positively enhance that of the infringed firm. This effect is more pronounced for non‐high‐tech or non‐state‐owned firms. Moreover, IP protection mainly reshapes a firm's perceptions of innovation investment persistence through the efficiency and fairness of law enforcement. Our findings provide insights into optimizing the IP protection environment, especially for emerging economies.
Accuracy assessment between computer‐guided surgery planning and actual tooth position during tooth autotransplantation
Authors: Zhang Jiaming , Han Yue , Zhong Haoyan
Published: May 2024

Background/Aim

This study aims to evaluate the precision and efficacy of utilizing computer‐aided design (CAD) in combination with three‐dimensional printing technology for tooth transplantation.

Material and Methods

This study analysed 50 transplanted teeth from 48 patients who underwent tooth transplantation surgery with the aid of CAD and positional guides. A consistent coordinate system was established using preoperative and postoperative cone‐beam computed tomography images. Linear displacements and angular deviations were calculated by identifying key regions in both virtual designs and actual transplanted teeth. Additionally, an analysis was conducted to explore potential factors influencing these deviations.

Results

The mean cervical deviation, apical deviation, and angular deviation among the 50 transplanted teeth were 1.16 ± 0.57 mm, 1.80 ± 0.94 mm, and 6.82 ± 3.14°, respectively. Cervical deviation was significantly smaller than apical deviation. No significant difference in deviation was observed among different recipient socket locations, holding true for both single‐root, and multi‐root teeth. However, a significant difference was noted in apical deviation between single‐root and multi‐root teeth. Our analysis identified a correlation between apical deviation and root length, leading to the development of a prediction model: Apical deviation = 0.1390 × (root length) + 0.2791.

Conclusions

The postoperative position of the donor teeth shows discrepancies compared to preoperative simulation when utilizing CAD and 3D printed templates during autotransplantation procedures. Continual refinement of preoperative design is a crucial endeavour.
Validating cognitive screening in young people with first‐episode psychosis: The CogScreen protocol
Authors: Stainton Alexandra , Bryce Shayden , Rattray Audrey , Pert Allie , Zbukvic Isabel , Fisher Evangeline , Anderson Debbie , Bowden Stephen C. , Chakma Symphony , Cheng Nicholas , Clark Scott , Crlenjak Caroline , Francey Shona , Gao Caroline , Gee Donna , Gelok Elle , Harris Anthony , Hatfield Lilianne , Hopkins Liza , Jensen Candice , Morell Rachel , O'Halloran Chris , Purdon Scot , Schubert K. Oliver , Scully Alana , Tang Hejun , Thomas Adrian , Thompson Andrew , Uren Jacqueline , Wood Stephen J. , Zhao Wendi , Allott Kelly
Published: May 2024

Aim

Cognitive impairments are a core feature of first‐episode psychosis (FEP) and one of the strongest predictors of long‐term psychosocial functioning. Cognition should be assessed and treated as part of routine clinical care for FEP. Cognitive screening offers the opportunity to rapidly identify and triage those in most need of cognitive support. However, there are currently no validated screening measures for young people with FEP. CogScreen is a hybrid effectiveness‐implementation study which aims to evaluate the classification accuracy (relative to a neuropsychological assessment as a reference standard), test–retest reliability and acceptability of two cognitive screening tools in young people with FEP.

Methods

Participants will be 350 young people (aged 12–25) attending primary and specialist FEP treatment centres in three large metropolitan cities (Adelaide, Sydney, and Melbourne) in Australia. All participants will complete a cross‐sectional assessment over two sessions including two cognitive screening tools (Screen for Cognitive Impairment in Psychiatry and Montreal Cognitive Assessment), a comprehensive neuropsychological assessment battery, psychiatric and neurodevelopmental assessments, and other supplementary clinical measures. To determine the test–retest reliability of the cognitive screening tools, a subset of 120 participants will repeat the screening measures two weeks later.

Results

The protocol, rationale, and hypotheses for CogScreen are presented.

Conclusions

CogScreen will provide empirical evidence for the validity and reliability of two cognitive screening tools when compared to a comprehensive neuropsychological assessment. The screening measures may later be incorporated into clinical practice to assist with rapid identification and treatment of cognitive deficits commonly experienced by young people with FEP.
Assessment of the knowledge, emotions and behaviours of secondary school students towards the environment and recycling in Southeastern Türkiye
Authors: Polat Meryem Betül , Karaçizmeli İzzettin Hakan , Atasoy Ayşe Dilek , Yeşilnacar Mehmet İrfan
Published: May 2024

Improving the scope of environmental education given in schools and establishing environmental awareness among students are the most important steps to be taken to transfer this awareness to the next generations. The aim of this study is to examine the knowledge, emotions and behaviours of secondary school students ranging from 11 to 13 for environmental health and environmental protection. The study was carried out in the district of Karaköprü, a metropolitan settlement in Şanlıurfa for the 2020–2021 academic year, regarding environmental health and environmental protection, which has decreased with the effect of the pandemic. In this study, a questionnaire was applied to students and their attitudes were evaluated according to a 5‐point Likert scale. The attitudes of the students were detailed on the basis of ‘gender’ and ‘mother education level’ factors. It was found that the male students in the study group had more knowledge about environmental health and protection compared to the female students. However, no relationship was detected between students' environmental awareness and their mothers' educational levels.
Nerve cross‐sectional area from childhood to old age: A high‐resolution nerve ultrasound study
Authors: Philipps Jörg , Denz Robin , Tahmaz Melis , Yusuf Ifirae , Mork Hannah , Schellinger Peter Dieter , Fisse Anna Lena
Published: May 2024

Background and purpose

Nerve cross‐sectional area (CSA) is not constant over the human lifespan. The relationship between an increasing CSA and age has been described as a linear positive correlation, but few studies have found a linear decrease in nerve size with older age. The aim of the present study was to analyze the development of nerve CSA in a healthy population from early childhood to old age using high‐resolution ultrasound.

Methods

The median, ulnar, radial and sural nerves were examined bilaterally at 18 nerve sites in 110 healthy children, adolescents and adults aged between 2 and 98 years. The CSA of every nerve site was evaluated separately and in different age groups. The correlation of CSA with age, height and weight was analyzed in a linear, logarithmic and quadratic model and correlation coefficients were compared in a goodness‐of‐fit analysis. Models were then adjusted for weight and height.

Results

Linear CSA–age correlations showed the lowest correlation coefficients for all nerve sites. An inverted parabolic curve suggesting a quadratic correlation of CSA and age was the best‐fitting model. Weight and height had a higher predictive value than age in adjusted models.

Conclusions

There is an increase in nerve size during childhood and adolescence and a trend towards a decrease in old age, suggesting an inverted parabolic curve partly explained by age‐related changes in weight and height. Enlarged nerves in elderly individuals should not be attributed to age alone.
Hypogammaglobulinaemia during rituximab treatment in multiple sclerosis: A Swedish cohort study
Authors: Hallberg Susanna , Evertsson Björn , Lillvall Ellen , Boremalm Malin , de Flon Pierre , Wang Yunzhang , Salzer Jonatan , Lycke Jan , Fink Katharina , Frisell Thomas , Al Nimer Faiez , Svenningsson Anders
Published: May 2024

Background and purpose

Mechanisms behind hypogammaglobulinaemia during rituximab treatment are poorly understood.

Methods

In this register‐based multi‐centre retrospective cohort study of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients in Sweden, 2745 patients from six participating Swedish MS centres were identified via the Swedish MS registry and included between 14 March 2008 and 25 January 2021. The exposure was treatment with at least one dose of rituximab for MS or clinically isolated syndrome, including data on treatment duration and doses. The degree of yearly decrease in immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin M (IgM) levels was evaluated.

Results

The mean decrease in IgG was 0.27 (95% confidence interval 0.17–0.36) g/L per year on rituximab treatment, slightly less in older patients, and without significant difference between sexes. IgG or IgM below the lower limit of normal (<6.7 or <0.27 g/L) was observed in 8.8% and 8.3% of patients, respectively, as nadir measurements. Six out of 2745 patients (0.2%) developed severe hypogammaglobulinaemia (IgG below 4.0 g/L) during the study period. Time on rituximab and accumulated dose were the main predictors for IgG decrease. Previous treatment with fingolimod and natalizumab, but not teriflunomide, dimethyl fumarate, interferons or glatiramer acetate, were significantly associated with lower baseline IgG levels by 0.80–1.03 g/L, compared with treatment‐naïve patients. Switching from dimethyl fumarate or interferons was associated with an additional IgG decline of 0.14–0.19 g/L per year, compared to untreated.

Conclusions

Accumulated dose and time on rituximab treatment are associated with a modest but significant decline in immunoglobulin levels. Previous MS therapies may influence additional IgG decline.
The Mediterranean diet is not associated with neuroimaging or cognition in middle‐aged adults: a cross‐sectional analysis of the PREVENT dementia programme
Authors: Gregory Sarah , Buller‐Peralta Ingrid , Bridgeman Katie , Góngora Vanessa De La Cruz , Dounavi Maria‐Eleni , Low Audrey , Ntailianis Georgios , O'Brien John , Parra Mario A. , Ritchie Craig W. , Ritchie Karen , Shannon Oliver M. , Stevenson Emma J. , Muniz‐Terrera Graciela
Published: May 2024

Background and purpose

The Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) has been associated with reduced dementia incidence in several studies. It is important to understand if diet is associated with brain health in midlife, when Alzheimer's disease and related dementias are known to begin.

Methods

This study used data from the PREVENT dementia programme. Three MedDiet scores were created (the Pyramid, Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener [MEDAS] and MEDAS continuous) from a self‐reported food frequency questionnaire. Primary outcomes were hippocampal volume and cube‐transformed white matter hyperintensity volume. Secondary outcomes included cornu ammonis 1 and subiculum hippocampal subfield volumes, cortical thickness and measures of cognition. Sex‐stratified analyses were run to explore differential associations between diet and brain health by sex. An exploratory path analysis was conducted to study if any associations between diet and brain health were mediated by cardiovascular risk factors for dementia.

Results

In all, 504 participants were included in this analysis, with a mean Pyramid score of 8.10 (SD 1.56). There were no significant associations between any MedDiet scoring method and any of the primary or secondary outcomes. There were no differences by sex in any analyses and no significant mediation between the Pyramid score and global cognition by cardiovascular risk factors.

Conclusions

Overall, this study did not find evidence for an association between the MedDiet and either neuroimaging or cognition in a midlife population study. Future work should investigate associations between the MedDiet and Alzheimer's disease and related dementias biomarkers as well as functional neuroimaging in a midlife population.
Population‐based study of rare epilepsy incidence in a US urban population
Authors: Barbour Kristen , Tian Niu , Yozawitz Elissa G. , Wolf Steven , McGoldrick Patricia E. , Sands Tristan T. , Nelson Aaron , Basma Natasha , Grinspan Zachary M.
Published: May 2024

Objective

This study was undertaken to estimate incidence of rare epilepsies and compare with literature.

Methods

We used electronic health record text search to identify children with 28 rare epilepsies in New York City (2010–2014). We estimated cumulative incidence and compared with literature.

Results

Eight of 28 rare epilepsies had five or more prior estimates, and our measurements were within the published range for all. The most common were infantile epileptic spasms syndrome (1 in 2920 live births), Lennox–Gastaut syndrome (1 in 9690), and seizures associated with tuberous sclerosis complex (1 in 14 300). Fifteen of 28 had fewer than five prior estimates, and of these, we provided additional estimates for early infantile developmental and epileptic encephalopathy (1 in 32 700), epilepsy with myoclonic–atonic seizures (1 in 34 100), Sturge–Weber syndrome plus seizures/epilepsy (1 in 40 900), epilepsy in infancy with migrating focal seizures (1 in 54 500), Aicardi syndrome plus seizures/epilepsy (1 in 71 600), hypothalamic hamartoma with seizures (1 in 225 000), and Rasmussen syndrome (1 in 450 000). Five of 28 rare epilepsies had no prior estimates, and of these, we provided a new estimate for developmental/epileptic encephalopathy with spike‐and‐wave activation in sleep and/or continuous spikes and waves during sleep (1 in 34 100). Data were limited for the remaining 12 rare epilepsies, which were all genetic epilepsies, including PCDH19, CDKL5, Alpers disease, SCN8A, KCNQ2, SCN2A, GLUT1 deficiency, Phelan‐McDermid syndrome, myoclonic epilepsy with ragged‐red fibers, dup15q syndrome, ring chromosome 14, and ring chromosome 20.

Significance

We estimated the incidence of rare epilepsies using population‐based electronic health record data and literature review. More research is needed to better estimate the incidence of genetic epilepsies with nonspecific clinical features. Electronic health records may be a valuable data source for studying rare epilepsies and other rare diseases, particularly as genetic testing becomes more widely adopted.
Modelling atopic dermatitis in healthy human skin for the characterization of topical compounds
Authors: Hacini‐Rachinel Feriel , Hauchard Alice , Bruno Sandro , Paulat Guido , Cojean Celine , Loesle Perrine , Schneider Martin Alexander , Bourne Marta , Elain Gaelle , Roth Lukas , Urban Beatrice , Viebrock Sabine , Leon Anette Orjuela , Röhn Till A. , Loesche Christian , Werfel Thomas , Thoma Gebhard , Zerwes Hans‐Günter
Published: May 2024

Suitable human models for the development and characterization of topical compounds for inflammatory skin diseases such as atopic dermatitis are not readily available to date. We describe here the development of a translational model involving healthy human skin mimicking major aspects of AD and its application for the characterization of topical Janus kinase inhibitors. Full thickness human abdominal skin obtained from plastic surgery stimulated in vitro with IL4 and IL13 shows molecular features of AD. This is evidenced by STAT6 phosphorylation assessed by immunohistochemistry and analysis of skin lysates. Broad transcriptome changes assessed by AmpliSeq followed by gene set variation analysis showed a consistent upregulation of gene signatures characterizing AD in this model. Topical application of experimental formulations of compounds targeting the JAK pathway to full thickness skin normalizes the molecular features of AD induced by IL4 and IL13 stimulation. The inhibitory effects of topical JAK inhibitors on molecular features of AD are supported by pharmacokinetic analysis. The model described here is suited for the characterization of topical compounds for AD and has the potential to be extended to other inflammatory skin diseases and pathophysiological pathways.
Exploration of circulating metabolic signature of erythrodermic psoriasis based on LC‐MS metabolomics
Authors: Guo Lan , Wu Chao , Song Biao , Jin Hong‐Zhong
Published: May 2024

Erythrodermic psoriasis (EP) is a rare and life‐threatening disease, the pathogenesis of which remains to be largely unknown. Metabolomics analysis can provide global information on disease pathophysiology, candidate biomarkers, and potential intervention strategies. To gain a better understanding of the mechanisms of EP and explore the serum metabolic signature of EP, we conducted an untargeted metabolomics analysis from 20 EP patients and 20 healthy controls. Furthermore, targeted metabolomics for focused metabolites were identified in the serum samples of 30 EP patients and 30 psoriasis vulgaris (PsV) patients. In the untargeted analysis, a total of 2992 molecular features were extracted from each sample, and the peak intensity of each feature was obtained. Principal component analysis (PCA), orthogonal partial least squares‐discriminant analysis (OPLS‐DA) revealed significant difference between groups. After screening, 98 metabolites were found to be significantly dysregulated in EP, including 67 down‐regulated and 31 up‐regulated. EP patients had lower levels of L‐tryptophan, L‐isoleucine, retinol, lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), and higher levels of betaine and uric acid. KEGG analysis showed differential metabolites were enriched in amino acid metabolism and glycerophospholipid metabolism. The targeted metabolomics showed lower L‐tryptophan in EP than PsV with significant difference and L‐tryptophan levels were negatively correlated with the PASI scores. The serum metabolic signature of EP was discovered. Amino acid and glycerophospholipid metabolism were dysregulated in EP. The metabolite differences provide clues for pathogenesis of EP and they may provide insights for therapeutic interventions.
Soutcom: Real‐time sentiment analysis of Arabic text for football fan satisfaction using a bidirectional LSTM
Authors: Alfarhood Sultan
Published: May 2024

In the last few years, various topics, including sports, have seen social media platforms emerge as significant sources of information and viewpoints. Football fans use social media to express their opinions and sentiments about their favourite teams and players. Analysing these opinions can provide valuable information on the satisfaction of football fans with their teams. In this article, we present Soutcom, a scalable real‐time system that estimates the satisfaction of football fans with their teams. Our approach leverages the power of social media platforms to gather real‐time opinions and emotions of football fans and applies state‐of‐the‐art machine learning‐based sentiment analysis techniques to accurately predict the sentiment of Arabic posts. Soutcom is designed as a cloud‐based scalable system integrated with the X (formerly known as Twitter) API and a football data service to retrieve live posts and match data. The Arabic posts are analysed using our proposed bidirectional LSTM (biLSTM) model, which we trained on a custom dataset specifically tailored for the sports domain. Our evaluation shows that the proposed model outperforms other machine learning models such as Random Forest, XGBoost and Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) in terms of accuracy and F1‐score with values of 0.83 and 0.82, respectively. Furthermore, we analyse the inference time of our proposed model and suggest that there is a trade‐off between performance and efficiency when selecting a model for sentiment analysis on Arabic posts.
Enhanced isradipine sensitivity in vascular smooth muscle cells due to hypoxia‐induced Cav1.2 splicing and RbFox1/Fox2 downregulation
Authors: Poore Charlene Priscilla , Yang Jialei , Wei Shunhui , Fhu Chee Kong , Bichler Zoë , Wang Juejin , Soong Tuck Wah , Liao Ping
Published: May 2024

Calcium influx via the L‐type voltage‐gated Cav1.2 calcium channel in smooth muscle cells regulates vascular contraction. Calcium channel blockers (CCBs) are widely used to treat hypertension by inhibiting Cav1.2 channels. Using the vascular smooth muscle cell line, A7r5 and primary culture of cerebral vascular smooth muscle cells, we found that the expression and function of Cav1.2 channels are downregulated during hypoxia. Furthermore, hypoxia induces structural changes in Cav1.2 channels via alternative splicing. The expression of exon 9* is upregulated, whereas exon 33 is downregulated. Such structural alterations of Cav1.2 channels are caused by the decreased expression of RNA‐binding proteins RNA‐binding protein fox‐1 homolog 1 and 2 (RbFox1 and RbFox2). Overexpression of RbFox1 and RbFox2 prevents hypoxia‐induced exon 9* inclusion and exon 33 exclusion. Importantly, such structural alterations of the Cav1.2 channel partly contribute to the enhanced sensitivity of Cav1.2 to isradipine (a CCB) under hypoxia. Overexpression of RbFox1 and RbFox2 successfully reduces isradipine sensitivity in hypoxic smooth muscle cells. Our results suggest a new strategy to manage ischemic diseases such as stroke and myocardial infarction.
Spatial and temporal variation of biomass density beneath drifting fish‐aggregating devices in the western and central Pacific Ocean
Authors: Zhang Tianjiao , Xin Jia , Song Liming , Yuan Hongchun
Published: May 2024

We analyzed three‐dimensional (3‐D) spatial and temporal variation of biomass density associated with drifting fish aggregating devices (dFADs) in the western and central Pacific Ocean. Detection depth of dFAD echosounder buoys was divided into three layers, for estimation of biomass density in each layer based on detected water volume. Temporal variation and spatial distribution of biomass density in each layer were compared. Similarity of biomass density gravity center shifts in each layer were assessed using the dynamic time warping (DTW) regularization algorithm. Biomass density varied regularly over ~1 month, with the 2nd and 3rd layers delayed ~14 days compared to the 1st layer. Biomass distribution range and density values were higher in the 1st layer than the 2nd and 3rd layers, but locations of maximum biomass density were close. The distribution of biomass density gravity centers between adjacent water layers were similar, with gravity centers of the 2nd and 3rd layers shifted over time in relationd to the 1st layer. Our study demonstrated that the aggregation behavior of species from different water layers attracted by dFADs were related, and emphasized the necessity for ecosystem‐based fisheries management.
Vonoprazan‐based therapies versus PPI‐based therapies in patients with H. pylori infection: Systematic review and meta‐analyses of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Liu Ligang , Shi Hekai , Shi Yufei , Wang Anlin , Guo Nuojin , Li Fang , Nahata Milap C.
Published: May 2024

Background

This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of vonoprazan‐amoxicillin (VA), vonoprazan‐amoxicillin‐clarithromycin (VAC), vonoprazan‐based bismuth‐containing quadruple therapy (VBQT), and PPI‐based triple (PAC) or quadruple therapy (PBQT) for H. pylori infection with the consideration of duration of therapy and amoxicillin dose (H: high; L: low).

Materials and Methods

PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched for eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs) up to December 15, 2023. The efficacy outcome was eradication rate, and safety outcomes included the rates of adverse events and treatment discontinuation.

Results

Twenty‐seven RCTs were included. The pooled eradication rates were 82.8% for VA, 89.1% for VAC, and 91.8% for VBQT, which increased with the higher amoxicillin frequency of administration and extended duration of therapy within each regimen. There were no significant differences in eradication rate when comparing 7‐VA versus 7‐VAC and 14‐VA versus 14‐VAC. VA was at least comparable to PAC. The eradication rate did not differ significantly between 10‐H‐VA or 14‐H‐VA versus 14‐PBQT. 7‐L‐VAC demonstrated higher eradication rate versus 7‐PAC and comparable rate to 14‐PAC. 14‐VBQT showed higher eradication rates versus 14‐PBQT. The adverse events rate was 19.3% for VA, 30.6% for VAC, and 38.4% for VBQT. VA had similar risk of adverse events versus VAC and significantly fewer adverse events compared to PBQT. The treatment discontinuation rate did not differ significantly between treatments.

Conclusions

The eradication rate of VBQT was the highest at above 90% followed by VAC and VA. VA was as effective as VAC and superior to PPI‐based therapies with favorable safety, highlighting the potential of VA therapy as a promising alternative to traditional PPI‐based therapies. VPZ‐based triple or quadruple therapies was more effective than PPI‐based therapies. Further studies are needed to establish the optimal treatment regimen especially in the western countries.
Antifungal activity of Cinnamomum camphora essential oil against Fusarium oxysporum and its application on postharvest blueberry fruits preservation
Authors: Chen Kexin , Hu Zhenyang , Hu Jian , Tong Wenjun , Zhang Yushen , Du Lihui , Liu Fang
Published: May 2024

Postharvest decay of blueberry fruits caused by Fusarium oxysporum (F. oxysporum) results in significant losses during logistics. To avoid chemical residue issues associated with synthetic fungicides, present study investigated the antifungal activity of Cinnamomum camphora essential oil (CEO) against Fusarium oxysporum (F. oxysporum) in postharvest blueberry fruits. CEO effectively disrupted cell membrane integrity, impaired ergosterol structure, restricted ATPase activity and inhibits mycelial growth. Blueberries treated with a 0.2% CEO‐based coating demonstrated improved overall sensory acceptability, enhanced firmness, increased total soluble solids and titratable acidity, and reduced decay rate. CEO also decreased malondialdehyde contents while promoting ascorbic acid and glutathione levels and activating antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and peroxidase (POD), maintaining cell membrane structure and enhancing resistance against F. oxysporum infection. The findings suggest that CEO serves as an eco‐friendly agent for mitigating primary fungal invasion in blueberries during postharvest storage.
Comparing the nutritional composition and antioxidant properties of an Australian native grain variety with commonly consumed wheat
Authors: Williams Luke B. , Birch Jacob , Zakaria Rosita , Nguyen Hao , Itsiopoulos Catherine , Wright Paul F.A.
Published: May 2024

Climate change is threatening our current food systems and countries around the world are seeking alternative food sources to safeguard against potential food insecurity and nutrient deficiency concerns. Various traditional foods used by Aboriginal groups of Australia have previously been shown to be highly nutritious, contain beneficial functional properties and can thrive in the harsh climatic conditions found across Australia. As interest in these traditional foods grows, Aboriginal groups are looking at developing a range of foods for modern markets. However, for many of these foods, there is still little known about their nutritional and functional properties. In this study, we report the nutrition composition and antioxidant properties of a native Australian grain species that is currently being developed for commercial markets by a collective of Aboriginal Traditional Custodians and compare its properties to a commonly consumed wheat variety. Compared with wheat, the native grain species contained 2‐fold greater protein and total fats, and higher levels of essential minerals and trace elements, including 8‐fold iron levels and >2.5‐fold calcium, magnesium, zinc, copper and manganese levels. Functionally, the native grain contained 2.4‐fold greater polyphenol content and displayed greater antioxidant potential in exposed human monocyte cultures. Importantly, the native grain was also found to contain a very low gluten content. Altogether, this shows that the native grain is nutritionally and functionally superior to commonly consumed wheat for the measured parameters and could potentially serve as a grain alternative or be used to fortify current wheat‐based and gluten‐free products.
Combined effect of oligosaccharides combination on the growth of probiotics: synergistic or superposable?
Authors: Zhang Congchun , Kang Wenli , Han Yifeng , Li Yisi , Yang Renqin , Huang Yujun , Pan Lina , Yin Boxing , Wang Jiaqi , Li Wei , Gu Ruixia , Ma Wenlong
Published: May 2024

Synbiotics confer benefits to our health. Study on the promotion effects of prebiotics combinations on probiotics growth is necessary for synbiotics preparation. However, there exists few reports on how to combine different prebiotics. The aim of the study was to explore combined effect of prebiotics combinations in modulating probiotics growth for rational synbiotics development. Four prebiotic oligosaccharides were screened for their promotion effects on the growth of four representative probiotics. Then, SynergyFinder 3.0 was used for the first time to rationally analyse interaction of various oligosaccharides combinations. Results showed that there was no synergism between any of two oligosaccharides under the conditions studied, but rather a superposition effect. Finally, the optimal oligosaccharides combinations based on the maximum specific growth rate and the maximum cell yield were selected. This study advanced our knowledge of oligosaccharides utilisation by probiotics and provided guidance on the rational selection of oligosaccharides combinations for specific probiotics, which was important for the design of synergistic synbiotics.
Screening for alkaliphilic microalgae for carbon capture from ambient air and food production
Authors: Villaró‐Cos Silvia , García‐González Jesús , Lafarga Tomás
Published: May 2024

The production of alkaliphilic microalgae can contribute to address the challenging cost of using pure carbon dioxide in large reactors. At high pH values, carbon dioxide is rapidly scavenged and the supply rates of dissolved inorganic carbon from the atmosphere to alkaline media are high. The present study aimed to identify microalgal strains that can cope with high alkalinity and aeration rates. Eight strains were studied and the microalgae Chlorella vulgaris, Scenedesmus almeriensis and Nannochloropsis gaditana were the only ones that were able to grow under these conditions. Their biomass productivities using laboratory‐scale bubble columns with no pH control and high aeration flow were 0.20 ± 0.03, 0.24 ± 0.03 and 0.08 ± 0.01 g·L−1·day−1, respectively. The production of the two former was scaled up to pilot‐scale bubble columns. Overall, the amount of atmospheric carbon dioxide that was transformed into biomass was in the range of 10%–30%, depending on the strain used and the photobioreactor setup. The biomass was rich in proteins and β‐carotene, both valuable products, highlighting the potential production of food ingredients while capturing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.
Freeze drying and spray drying for the retention of the active components, L‐theanine and caffeine, and antioxidant activity of tea‐based ingredients
Authors: Allameh Mina , Orsat Valérie
Published: May 2024

Preserving food products from oxidation improves their quality and stability. This study compares the effects of storage on L‐theanine, caffeine, moisture content and antioxidant activity of spray‐dried and freeze‐dried white tea infusions. The antioxidant activities of both dried infusions were restored over a 60‐day storage. On Day 60, the L‐theanine and caffeine levels of the freeze‐dried samples were respectively 1.45 ± 0.03 mg mL−1 and 2.23 ± 0.04 mg mL−1 compared with 1.16 ± 0.03 mg mL−1 and 1.97 ± 0.01 mg mL−1 on Day 0. In the spray‐dried samples, the L‐theanine was 0.32 ± 0.01 mg mL−1 on Day 60 and 0.36 ± 0.02 mg mL−1 on Day 0, while caffeine remained unchanged. Regarding undried/control samples, L‐theanine and caffeine declined from respectively 0.29 ± 0.0004 mg mL−1 and 0.33 ± 0.01 mg mL−1 on Day 0 to 0.2 ± 0.001 mg mL−1 and 0.26 ± 0.02 mg mL−1 on Day 60, associated with a decrease in DPPH activity from 75.87% (Day 0) to 15.34% (Day 60). Freeze‐drying and spray‐drying tea infusions yielded functional products with stable antioxidant activity and moisture. Both drying techniques are reliable for preserving tea preparations.
Noodles made from blends of rice flour and pineapple stem starch: physical properties, cooking qualities, in vitro starch digestibility and sensory properties
Authors: Pinyo Jukkrapong , Wongsagonsup Rungtiwa , Boonsanong Natt , Hongsanyatham Sornsawan , Somprasong Natdanai , Khunoad Phirata , Suphantharika Manop , Smith Siwaporn Meejoo , Amornsakchai Taweechai
Published: May 2024

Noodles are generally made from rice flour, wheat flour or mungbean starch. Interestingly, pineapple stem starch (PSS), an alternative starch derived from pineapple stems as agricultural waste, has not yet been investigated for noodle production. The noodles were then prepared in different ratios of commercial rice flour and PSS (100:0, 70:25, 50:50, 25:75 and 0:100) to investigate the effects of PSS on noodle qualities and properties including physical properties, cooking quality, in vitro starch digestibility and sensory attributes. The results showed that high PSS content had a positive effect on the structure and textural properties of noodles by increasing the network structure, hardness and chewiness, resulting in good sensory quality, which could be due to the high amylose content (30.56%) of PSS. However, the optimal cooking time and the cooking loss of the cooked noodles increased with an increasing proportion of PSS. In addition, noodles with a high PSS content had a higher content of slowly digestible starch and resistant starch, which can have a positive effect on our health. Our results suggest that PSS, an alternative starch from agricultural waste, can replace rice flour to develop better‐quality gluten‐free noodles. Similarly, PSS‐based noodles with a high resistant starch content could benefit human health by lowering the glycemic index and reducing the risk of non‐communicable diseases.
Et nous? Étude par vignettes expliquant les préférences en matière de formation par le type de contrat et la nature des compétences visées
Authors: KOSTER Ferry
Published: May 2024

L'auteur présente une expérimentation par vignettes sur les préférences des travailleurs en matière de formation aux Pays‐Bas. S'appuyant sur la théorie du capital humain, la théorie du signal et la thèse de la «nouvelle relation d'emploi», il postule que ces préférences dépendent du type de compétences ciblées par la formation et du type de contrat de travail. Ses résultats confirment cette hypothèse et indiquent que les salariés permanents ont certes une préférence relative plus forte pour l'acquisition de compétences spécifiques à une organisation que les travailleurs temporaires ‐ qui privilégient l'enrichissement de leurs compétences générales ‐, mais que les travailleurs dans leur ensemble préfèrent la formation ciblant les compétences générales. L'article révèle aussi que les travailleurs temporaires se forment moins qu'ils le souhaiteraient.
¿Y nosotros qué? Estudio de viñetas sobre preferencias de formación por tipo de contrato y especificidad de competencias
Authors: KOSTER Ferry
Published: May 2024

Se presenta un estudio de viñetas sobre las preferencias de formación de los trabajadores en los Países Bajos. La teoría del capital humano, la teoría de la señalización y la «nueva relación de trabajo» fundamentan la hipótesis de que las preferencias dependen de la especificidad de las competencias objetivo y de la modalidad contractual. Los resultados así lo confirman e indican que, aunque los trabajadores con contrato indefinido muestran una mayor predilección relativa por las competencias específicas de la organización que los trabajadores temporales —que se inclinan por las competencias generales—, todos prefieren ampliar las competencias generales antes que las específicas. Además, los trabajadores temporales reciben menos formación de la que desearían.
Circular horizons: Pioneering sustainable paths in the oil and gas Industry's journey to net‐zero resilience
Authors: Dua Shikhar
Published: May 2024

In this study, we explore the adoption of circular economy within the oil and gas sector, particularly focusing on the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) and Middle East/North Africa (MENA) regions. Through semi‐structured interviews with senior managers from various backgrounds, we gain insights into the skills and challenges of the larger industry and explore the managerial ramifications. Broadly, our findings underscore the importance and criticality of circular economic capabilities (i.e. transparency reporting and resource efficiency, among others) in realizing ‘net‐zero’ goals and for building climate‐resilient businesses. We also emphasize the challenging trajectory towards sustainability and advocate for greater innovation, stakeholder engagement and strategic foresight. Based on the same, we develop conceptual frameworks that offer tangible representations of the evolving industrial landscape. Future research directions that have been suggested include stakeholder dynamics, technology integrations, policy implications and worldwide comparisons. Comprehensive case studies, longitudinal evaluations and multidisciplinary partnerships are required to further our understanding of the subtleties of circularity.
An ultralight all‐fiber‐structure sponge with thermal and electromagnetic integrated insulation property
Authors: Su Liang , Lu Jiaxiang , Zhang Huan , Li Xilin , Wang Jinbo , Wang Haolun , Lin Sen
Published: May 2024

The integration of thermal and electromagnetic interference (EMI) insulation is of great significance for fields such as aerospace that face extreme environments. The challenge lies in ensuring that the protective layer is lightweight while simultaneously possessing the ability to suppress heat conduction, heat convection, thermal radiation, and electromagnetic radiation. To address these challenges, we propose a novel ultralight all‐fiber‐structure composite sponge, yttria‐stabilized zirconia/polyvinyl butyral‐supported silver (YAP) nanofiber sponge, with ultralight mass (∼65 mg/cm3), exceptionally low thermal conductivity (21 mW/m K at 25°C, and 329 mW/m K at 500°C), and remarkable EMI shielding effectiveness (∼62.6 dB). Moreover, benefiting from its all‐fiber‐structure, the YAP nanofiber sponge can endure 100 cycles of compression up to 50% of its original volume while retaining its mechanical properties with minimal degradation. These characteristics render YAP nanofiber sponge an ideal material for integrated thermal and EMI insulation, offering a promising solution to the rigorous demands of extreme environment protection such as space exploration.
Who Counts in Official Statistics? Ethical‐Epistemic Issues in German Migration and the Collection of Racial or Ethnic Data
Authors: James Daniel , Thompson Morgan , Hendl Tereza
Published: May 2024

In European countries (excluding the UK and Ireland), official statistics do not use racial or ethnic categories, but instead rely on proxies to collect data about discrimination. In the German microcensus, the proxy category adopted is ‘migration background’ (Migrationshintergrund): an individual has a ‘migration background’ when one or more of their parents does not have German citizenship by birth. We apply a coupled ethical‐epistemic analysis to the ‘migration background’ category to illuminate how the epistemic issues contribute to ethical ones. Our central claim is that these ethical‐epistemic issues with the ‘migration background’ category are best analysed in terms of Charles Mills's ‘white ignorance’. Appealing to Annette Martín's structural account of white ignorance, we highlight the cyclical reinforcement of ignorance and racial injustice in the use of the ‘migration background’ variable. Colourblind eliminativism about race perpetuates the use of ‘migration background’, which sustains and intensifies racial injustices.
Minimally invasive prosthodontics using the concept of prosthetically guided orthodontics
Authors: Kuliš Andreja , Kuliš Rader Katarina , Kopač Igor
Published: May 2024

Objective

This case report aims to present how digital technology can be employed to plan the orthodontic movement of teeth into their final positions for prosthodontic rehabilitation. An interdisciplinary approach to treatment planning and the result of prosthodontic treatment involves the cooperation of an orthodontist and a prosthodontist. When planned to achieve optimal results for a minimally invasive and functional prosthodontic treatment, orthodontic pretreatment provides superior esthetic results and favorable long‐term success.

Clinical Considerations

The orthodontic movements of the teeth were planned so that the prosthodontist could reconstruct an optimally functional and esthetic occlusion while preserving the hard dental tissues. The orthodontic pretreatment minimized the need to prepare the teeth, avoiding any mucogingival surgery to improve the gingival architecture.

Conclusions

In complex clinical cases, it is essential to evaluate the advantages of an orthodontic pretreatment before starting a prosthodontic treatment. This pretreatment can help preserve dental tissues, reduce or eliminate the need for surgical intervention, and achieve long‐term stability and esthetic results.

Clinical Significance

This case clearly shows the benefits of orthodontic pretreatment for prosthodontic outcomes. With modern digital tools, such an orthodontic pretreatment should become standard clinical practice when planning a complex clinical case.
Role of Obstetric Violence and Patient Choice: Factors Associated With Episiotomy
Authors: Polavarapu Mounika , Odems Dorian S. , Banks Sativa , Singh Shipra
Published: May 2024

Introduction

In the United States, 1 in 6 women reports obstetric violence in the form of physical and verbal abuse, coercion, and lack of informed consent. Despite recommendations against routine episiotomy, its use in the United States remains notable and varies considerably. This study aimed to analyze the various forms of obstetric violence associated with undergoing an episiotomy and having a choice in undergoing an episiotomy.

Methods

Data from the cross‐sectional Listening to Mothers in California survey were analyzed using weighted sample. Logistic regression models were conducted to compute adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% CIs for undergoing episiotomy and having a choice in it.

Results

Overall, 21% of the respondents reported undergoing an episiotomy, and 75% of them reported not having a choice in undergoing this procedure. After adjusting for covariates, feeling pressured to induce labor (aOR, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.28‐1.35) and to use an epidural analgesia (aOR, 1.82; 95% CI, 1.77‐1.88) increased the odds of undergoing an episiotomy. Having a midwife during childbirth significantly reduced the odds of an episiotomy. Respondents who indicated being handled roughly by health care providers were 95% less likely to have a choice in receiving an episiotomy (aOR, 0.05; 95% CI, 0.04‐0.06).

Discussion

This is the first study to examine other forms of obstetric violence as correlates of episiotomy and having a choice in it. Standardized institutional measures against obstetric violence, patients’ ability to make autonomous decisions through informed consent, and engaging midwives could decrease medically unnecessary labor procedures and associated complications.
The synergistic effects of Guaiacum officinale and Rhodomyrtus tomentosa extracts in the treatment of acne vulgaris on sensitive skin
Authors: Zhang Jianhua , Liu Shichao , Guo Wenjiao , Li Na
Published: May 2024

Background

Acne vulgaris, a common chronic dermatological condition worldwide, is associated with inflammatory response and Cutibacterium acnes. Individuals with acne vulgaris and sensitive skin have limited suitable treatments due to the skin irritation and side effects exhibited by current hydroxy acidic medications.

Aims

This study aimed to evaluate the synergistic effects of Guaiacum officinale (GO) and Rhodomyrtus Tomentosa (RT) extracts for treating acne vulgaris on sensitive skin by inhibiting inflammation.

Methods

The phytochemical constituents and antioxidant activity of GO and RT extracts were determined in vitro. The anti‐inflammatory effects were investigated in peptidoglycan (PGN)‐induced HaCaT cells. Further, a 28‐day clinical trial was conducted involving 30 subjects with both sensitive skin and acne to evaluate the efficacy and subjects' satisfaction.

Results

Total phenolics and flavonoids were detected in GO and RT extracts, the IC50 values for DPPH radical scavenging were 6.15 wt% and 0.76 wt%, respectively. The combination of GO and RT extracts at a 1:1 (v/v) ratio significantly decreased the expression of TLR‐2 and TLR‐4, as well as the secretion of IL‐1α, IL‐8, and TNF‐α in PGN‐induced HaCaT cells, by 2.30–7.93 times compared to GO extract alone (p < 0.05). Moreover, the cream containing 5 wt% the combination significantly improved facial acne and redness (p < 0.05). The number of comedones decreased by 50.00% and papules by 30.65% after 28 days of application. No adverse events were reported and 96.67% of the subjects were satisfied with the treatment.

Conclusion

The efficacy of the GO and RT extracts in synergistically suppressing inflammation, improving acne vulgaris, and reducing redness. The study offers an effective and non‐irritant treatment for acne vulgaris in individuals with sensitive skin.