bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Relating the Diverse Merger Histories and Satellite Populations of Nearby Galaxies
Authors: Smercina Adam , Bell Eric F. , Samuel Jenna , D’Souza Richard
Published: May 2022

We investigate whether the considerable diversity in the satellite populations of nearby Milky Way (MW)-mass galaxies is connected with the diversity in their host’s merger histories. Analyzing eight nearby galaxies with extensive observations of their satellite populations and stellar halos, we characterize each galaxy’s merger history using the metric of its most dominant merger, M
⋆,Dom, defined as the greater of either its total accreted stellar mass or most massive current satellite. We find an unexpectedly tight relationship between these galaxies’ number of M

V
< − 9 satellites within 150 kpc (N
Sat) and M
⋆,Dom. This relationship remains even after accounting for differences in galaxy mass. Using the star formation and orbital histories of satellites around the MW and M81, we demonstrate that both likely evolved along the M
⋆,Dom–N
Sat relation during their current dominant mergers with the Large Magellanic Cloud and M82, respectively. We investigate the presence of this relation in galaxy formation models, including using the Feedback In Realistic Environments (FIRE) simulations to directly compare to the observations. We find no relation between M
⋆,Dom and N
Sat in FIRE, and a universally large scatter in N
Sat with M
⋆,Dom across simulations—in direct contrast with the tightness of the empirical relation. This acute difference in the observed and predicted scaling relation between two fundamental galaxy properties signals that current simulations do not sufficiently reproduce diverse merger histories and their effects on satellite populations. Explaining the emergence of this relation is therefore essential for obtaining a complete understanding of galaxy formation.
Seven Years of SN 2014C: A Multiwavelength Synthesis of an Extraordinary Supernova
Authors: Thomas Benjamin P. , Wheeler J. Craig , Dwarkadas Vikram V. , Stockdale Christopher , Vinkó Jozsef , Pooley David , Xu Yerong , Zeimann Greg , MacQueen Phillip
Published: May 2022

SN 2014C was originally classified as a Type Ib supernova, but at phase ϕ = 127 days, post-explosion strong Hα emission was observed. SN 2014C has since been observed in radio, infrared, optical and X-ray bands. Here we present new optical spectroscopic and photometric data spanning ϕ = 947–2494 days post-explosion. We address the evolution of the broadened Hα emission line, as well as broad [O iii] emission and other lines. We also conduct a parallel analysis of all publicly available multiwavelength data. From our spectra, we find a nearly constant Hα FWHM velocity width of ∼2000 km s−1 that is significantly lower than that of other broadened atomic transitions (∼3000–7000 km s−1) present in our spectra ([O i] λ6300; [O iii] λ
λ4959, 5007; He i
λ7065; [Ca ii] λ
λ7291, 7324). The late radio data demand a fast forward shock (∼10,000 km s−1 at ϕ = 1700 days) in rarified matter that contrasts with the modest velocity of the Hα. We propose that the infrared flux originates from a toroidal-like structure of hydrogen surrounding the progenitor system, while later emission at other wavelengths (radio, X-ray) likely originates predominantly from the reverse shock in the ejecta and the forward shock in the quasi-spherical progenitor He-wind. We propose that the Hα emission arises in the boundary layer between the ejecta and torus. We also consider the possible roles of a pulsar and a binary companion.
The Prospects for Hurricane-like Vortices in Protoplanetary Disks
Authors: Gerbig Konstantin , Laughlin Gregory
Published: May 2022

When ice on the surface of dust grains in protoplanetary disk sublimates, it adds its latent heat of water sublimation to the surrounding flow. Drawing on the analogy provided by tropical cyclones on Earth, we investigate whether this energy source is sufficient to sustain or magnify anticyclonic disk vortices that would otherwise fall victim to viscous dissipation. An analytical treatment, supported by exploratory two-dimensional simulations, suggests that even modestly undersaturated flows can extend the lifetime of vortices, potentially to a degree sufficient to aid particle trapping and planetesimal formation. We expect the best conditions for this mechanism to occur will be found near the disk’s water ice line if turbulent motions displace gas parcels out of thermodynamic equilibrium with the dust midplane.
Kinematics of Parsec-scale Jets of Gamma-Ray Blazars at 43 GHz during 10 yr of the VLBA-BU-BLAZAR Program
Authors: Weaver Zachary R. , Jorstad Svetlana G. , Marscher Alan P. , Morozova Daria A. , Troitsky Ivan S. , Agudo Iván , Gómez José L. , Lähteenmäki Anne , Tammi Joni , Tornikoski Merja
Published: May 2022

We analyze the parsec-scale jet kinematics from 2007 June to 2018 December of a sample of γ-ray bright blazars monitored roughly monthly with the Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA) at 43 GHz under the VLBA-BU-BLAZAR program. We implement a novel piecewise linear fitting method to derive the kinematics of 521 distinct emission knots from a total of 3705 total intensity images in 22 quasars, 13 BL Lacertae objects, and 3 radio galaxies. Apparent speeds of these components range from 0.01c to 78c, and 18.6% of knots (other than the “core”) are quasi-stationary. One-fifth of moving knots exhibit nonballistic motion, with acceleration along the jet within 5 pc of the core (projected) and deceleration farther out. These accelerations occur mainly at locations coincident with quasi-stationary features. We calculate the physical parameters of 273 knots with statistically significant motion, including their Doppler factors, Lorentz factors, and viewing angles. We determine the typical values of these parameters for each jet and the average for each subclass of active galactic nuclei. We investigate the variability of the position angle of each jet over the 10 yr of monitoring. The fluctuations in position of the quasi-stationary components in radio galaxies tend to be parallel to the jet, while no directional preference is seen in the components of quasars and BL Lacertae objects. We find a connection between γ-ray states of blazars and their parsec-scale jet properties, with blazars with brighter 43 GHz cores typically reaching higher γ-ray maxima during flares.
Decreasing False-alarm Rates in CNN-based Solar Flare Prediction Using SDO/HMI Data
Authors: Deshmukh Varad , Flyer Natasha , van der Sande Kiera , Berger Thomas
Published: May 2022

A hybrid two-stage machine-learning architecture that addresses the problem of excessive false positives (false alarms) in solar flare prediction systems is investigated. The first stage is a convolutional neural network (CNN) model based on the VGG-16 architecture that extracts features from a temporal stack of consecutive Solar Dynamics Observatory Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager magnetogram images to produce a flaring probability. The probability of flaring is added to a feature vector derived from the magnetograms to train an extremely randomized trees (ERT) model in the second stage to produce a binary deterministic prediction (flare/no-flare) in a 12 hr forecast window. To tune the hyperparameters of the architecture, a new evaluation metric is introduced: the “scaled True Skill Statistic.” It specifically addresses the large discrepancy between the true positive rate and the false positive rate in the highly unbalanced solar flare event training data sets. Through hyperparameter tuning to maximize this new metric, our two-stage architecture drastically reduces false positives by ≈48% without significantly affecting the true positives (reduction by ≈12%), when compared with predictions from the first-stage CNN alone. This, in turn, improves various traditional binary classification metrics sensitive to false positives, such as the precision, F1, and the Heidke Skill Score. The end result is a more robust 12 hr flare prediction system that could be combined with current operational flare-forecasting methods. Additionally, using the ERT-based feature-ranking mechanism, we show that the CNN output probability is highly ranked in terms of flare prediction relevance.
Three-dimensional Magnetic and Thermodynamic Structures of Solar Microflares
Authors: Li Z. F. , Cheng X. , Chen F. , Chen J. , Ding M. D.
Published: May 2022

Microflares, one of the small-scale solar activities, are believed to be caused by magnetic reconnection. Nevertheless, their three-dimensional (3D) magnetic structures, thermodynamic structures, and physical links to reconnection are unclear. In this Letter, based on a high-resolution 3D radiative magnetohydrodynamic simulation of the quiet Sun spanning from the upper convection zone to the corona, we investigate the 3D magnetic and thermodynamic structures of three homologous microflares. It is found that they originate from localized hot plasma embedded in the chromospheric environment at the height of 2–10 Mm above the photosphere and last for 3–10 minutes with released magnetic energy in the range of 1027–1028 erg. The heated plasma is almost cospatial with the regions where the heating rate per particle is maximal. The 3D velocity field reveals a pair of converging flows with velocities of tens of km s−1 moving toward and outflows with velocities of about 100 km s−1 moving away from the hot plasma. These features support magnetic reconnection playing a critical role in heating the localized chromospheric plasma to coronal temperature, giving rise to the observed microflares. The magnetic topology analysis further discloses that the reconnection region is located near quasi-separators where both current density and squashing factors are maximal although the specific topology may vary from a tether-cutting to fan-spine-like structure.
Multipoint Analysis of the Interaction between a Shock and an ICME-like Structure around 2011 March 22
Authors: Xu Mengjiao , Shen Chenglong , Wang Can , Chi Yutian , Zhong Zhihui , Wang Yuming
Published: May 2022

This work reports on the interaction between a fast forward shock and an interplanetary coronal-mass-ejection-like structure (ICMELS) as observed by in situ observations of radially aligned spacecraft. Around 2011 March 22, the Venus EXpress (VEX) and Solar TErrestrial RElations Observatory-A (STEREO-A) were nearly at the same longitude, providing us with an excellent opportunity to study the formation and evolution of the complex structures. The shock and ICMELS investigated in this paper are isolated near Venus, but when they approach STEREO-A, the shock nearly approaches the front edge of the ICMELS and forms a shock–ICMELS complex structure. The maximal magnetic field in the ICMELS increased 2.3 times due to shock compression, according to the observation. The recovery model, which restores the shocked portion of the shock–ICMELS to its uncompressed condition, likewise confirms this improvement. The interaction with the ICMELS, on the other hand, weakens shock 2. The magnetic compression ratio falls from 2.4 at Venus to 2.0 at STEREO-A. This research enables us to have a better physical knowledge of the impacts of the interaction between a shock and an ICME (or ICMELS), which will aid future space weather predictions.
Thailandorchestia rhizophila sp. nov., a new genus and species of driftwood hopper (Crustacea, Amphipoda, Protorchestiidae) from Thailand
Authors: Wongkamhaeng Koraon , Dumrongrojwattana Pongrat , Sumitrakij Ratchaneewarn , Keetapithchayakul Tosaphol Saetung
Published: May 2022

During a scientific survey, a new genus of driftwood hopper was found in mangrove roots in Ko Kut District, Trat Province, Thailand. We placed this new genus, Thailandorchestiagen. nov., within the family Protorchestiidae. The new genus can be distinguished from the remaining genera by uropod 1 outer ramus with robust setae, uropod 2 outer ramus without robust setae, and pereopod 7 basis without a posterodistal lobe. The type species of Thailandorchestiagen. nov., Thailandorchestia rhizophilasp. nov., is described herein, and an updated key to the genera of the family Protorchestiidae is provided.
Interdisciplinarity of scientific production on hate speech and social media: A bibliometric analysis
Authors: Ramírez-García Antonia , González-Molina Antonio , Gutiérrez-Arenas María-del-Pilar , Moyano-Pacheco Manuel
Published: May 2022

The impact of hate speech, both on a personal and social level, has increased due to social media. This has made it the focus of interest of numerous scientific journals, which increases the visibility of this global problem. The aim of this research is to analyse the basic descriptive metrics of the scientific production on hate speech and social media, as well as to explore the interdisciplinarity of these approaches. A bibliometric study has been carried out on the basis of the works indexed in the Scopus database related to the binomial ‘hate speech’ and ‘social media’ over a period of 20 years (2001 to 2020). The metrics used show that it is from 2017 onwards when this topic begins to arouse greater interest among researchers and that they constitute a sufficient indicator to consider the topic as one of interest to the scientific community. The joint research between both concepts raises its quality levels from a strictly metric point of view. ‘Computer Science’ and ‘Social Sciences’ are the two areas that clearly define the scientific production on this subject. The inversion of percentages in terms of the areas of origin of the works and citations in these two areas, is evidence of this interdisciplinarity. The indicators obtained show the relevance and transcendence of a social problem in the face of which proactive measures must be implemented.

Las repercusiones que tiene el discurso del odio, tanto a nivel personal como social, se han intensificado con las redes sociales. Esto lo ha convertido en centro de interés de numerosas revistas científicas, lo que incrementa la visibilización de esta problemática global. El objetivo de esta investigación es analizar las métricas básicas descriptivas de la producción científica sobre el discurso del odio y redes sociales, así como explorar la interdisciplinariedad de estos enfoques. Se ha llevado a cabo un estudio bibliométrico a partir de trabajos indexados en la base de datos Scopus relacionados con el binomio «discurso de odio» y «redes sociales», en un período temporal de 20 años (2001 a 2020). Las métricas utilizadas demuestran que, a partir del año 2017, esta temática comienza a despertar mayor interés entre los investigadores, constituyéndose un indicador suficiente para considerar el tema como de interés por parte de la comunidad científica. La investigación conjunta entre ambos conceptos eleva sus niveles de calidad desde un punto de vista estrictamente métrico. Las áreas «Computer Science» y «Social Sciences» son las dos que definen claramente la producción científica sobre este tema. La inversión de porcentajes en cuanto a áreas de procedencia de los trabajos y citas en estas dos áreas evidencian esta interdisciplinariedad. Los indicadores obtenidos muestran la relevancia y trascendencia de un problema social ante el que se deben implementar medidas proactivas.
Estimation of Utility Weights for Prostate-related Health States in Korea
Authors: Kim Seon-Ha , Ock Minsu , Jo Min-Woo , Park Sungchan
Published: May 2022

Objectives: Very limited previous research has investigated the utility weights of prostate-related diseases in the general population in Korea. The purpose of this study was to calculate the utility of prostate-related health states in the Korean general public using the standard gamble (SG) method.Methods: Seven health states for hypothetical prostate cancers, 1 for benign prostate hyperplasia, and 1 for erectile dysfunction were developed based on patient education material and previous publications. In total, 460 responses from the Korean general population were used to analyze the utility of prostate-related health states. Computer-assisted personal interviews were conducted, and utility values were measured using a visual analogue scale (VAS) and SG. Mean utility values were calculated for each prostate-related health state.Results: The mean utility values of prostate cancer derived from SG ranged from 0.281 (metastatic castration-refractory prostate cancer) to 0.779 (localized prostate cancer requiring prostatectomy). The utility value of benign prostate hyperplasia was 0.871, and that of erectile dysfunction was 0.812. The utility values obtained using the SG method in all conditions were higher than the values obtained by VAS. There were no significant demographic variables affecting utility values in multivariate analysis.Conclusions: Our findings might be useful for economic evaluation and utility calculation of screening and interventions for prostate-related conditions in the general population.
Assessing Conservation Potential of Streams for Spikedace and Loach Minnow Using Species Distribution Modeling
Authors: Hickerson Brian T. , Booher Evan C.J. , Grube Elizabeth R. , Robinson Anthony T.
Published: May 2022

Identifying, evaluating, and prioritizing freshwater systems for conservation is a persistent challenge for managers tasked with conservation and recovery of native fishes. We used historical records from the Gila River basin, the national hydrography data set, and Random Forest modeling to predict probability of Spikedace Meda fulgida and Loach Minnow Rhinichthys cobitis occurrence throughout their range in the Gila River basin. Models for both species performed moderately well, with relatively high predicted probability of occurrence at streams with historical records. Predicted probability of occurrence was also relatively high in several streams without historical records of focal species, suggesting that there are unoccupied reaches throughout the Gila River basin with similar environmental conditions to historically occupied reaches for both species. Unoccupied reaches with the highest predicted probability of occurrence may have a greater chance of supporting translocated populations of focal species. Our results can be used as a first step for locating reaches most likely to support translocated populations of Spikedace and Loach Minnow within their respective historical ranges. Our approach may be applicable to other species of conservation concern with available historic records in need of population restoration.
Could Fleabag be a Parisienne? Camille Cottin’s Star Image and a New French Femininity
Authors: Kelly Mimi , Souliman Victoria
Published: May 2022

This article discusses Camille Cottin’s star image, considering more specifically what was at stake in her 2019 performance in Mouche, the French remake of British tragicomedy TV series Fleabag created by Phoebe Waller-Bridge. The framework of this remake and the transposition of Cottin in the character played by Waller-Bridge offers a discussion on the representation of female sexuality and gender through the main character of Mouche and Fleabag. It argues that the nexus of Cottin’s gendered stardom both meets and transgresses the ideals of the cinematic type of the Parisienne, which may lead to think that Cottin was the perfect fit to be the French version of Fleabag. However, as Mouche, her persona gestures toward the projection of a female subjectivity that escapes inscription into the French cultural imagination and social practices. Drawing from theories of the abject and the female grotesque as a subversive strategy to challenge gendered expectations in Fleabag, this article sheds light on how effectively this is transposed to Cottin’s version of the character. It also considers how the strategy of breaking the fourth wall, which creates a personalised connection with the character of Fleabag, mimics the personalised and intimate connection to celebrities that social media now offers. The article suggests that Cottin’s on-screen persona competes with her star image, threatening to eradicate the space of spectatorial jouissance necessary for the processes of cinematic identification and intimate connection.
Nudge
Authors: Pujara Vikas , Joshi Bhavesh Prakash , Virmani Charu
Published: May 2022

The "Real" decision often varies from the "Rational" decision. The Real or the actual behaviour of people is quite often biased and differs from the rational decision framework which has been put in place by classical economics. The irrational or undesired behaviour displayed by the people even in an informed public policy is a classic example of this. The purpose of this paper is to try and explain the classical nudge theory which ‘nudge’ the people towards a desirable behaviour. We need to contemplate if we could use it as a method to awaken the motivate us Indians to invest or if it could help us to devise policy or the marketing campaigns in such an effective manner that it could help us bridge the gap of non-investment behaviour. Researcher has considered the 6 Nudge principles to prepare a questionnaire which has been duly filled online by 135 respondents. It has been shown that there is an impact of Nidge as a decision making tool for policy formation.
Study of the Impact of the Rise and Fall of the Coal Industry on the Regional Economy
Authors: Wang Wensheng , Wen Fei , Yang Yejun , Jia Yuting
Published: May 2022

Coal has always been an important foundation for China’s economy. The booming and declining of the coal industry can directly impact the regional economy. This study researches the impact of the rise and fall of the coal industry on the regional economy, finance, and employment by establishing a panel data model. The results show that the economic growth rate of coal-producing areas is vulnerable to the rise and fall of the coal industry, and the impact is uneven. That is, the prosperity of the coal industry has a slightly greater impact on regional economic growth than that of a recession. The fiscal revenue and expenditure of coal-producing areas has been substantially affected during the coal industry recession, and the fiscal deficit has risen remarkably. The employment situation of urban workers in coal-producing areas is almost unaffected by the rise and fall of the coal industry.
ORGANIZAÇÃO DE ESPÉCIMES DE ANGIOSPERMAS DO HERBÁRIO HNUP (NUPELIA/UEM)
Authors: Kawakita Kazue , Cristina Felix Melhado Daiane , Vitoria Nunes da Silva Jéssica , Beatriz Miranda de Assis Juliane , Cristina Silva Albuquerque Kemily , Eduarda Tenório Calvi Maria , Santos Pereira Milena , Ulian Moya Carine , Eduardo Bento Fernandes Carlos , Magon Garcia Jéssica
Published: May 2022

Visando a disseminação do conhecimento e a formação de jovens pesquisadores, por meio do desenvolvimento de habilidades necessárias à pesquisa científica, foi desenvolvido um projeto de iniciação científica para alunos do ensino médio, em conjunto com o Programa Institucional de Bolsas de Iniciação Científica para o ensino médio da Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM) e com o Colégio de Aplicação Pedagógica (CAP/UEM). Foram realizadas diversas atividades relacionadas à coleta, herborização, organização de exsicatas e identificação de materiais botânicos. Foi organizada cerca de 1.000 espécimes de Angiospermas, sendo que as famílias mais representativas foram Fabaceae, Poaceae e Rubiaceae. Fomentou-se trabalhos de extensão e contribuiu-se para a formação de recursos humanos. Colaborou-se também com o reconhecimento da flora local e a importância de manter material testemunho em coleções para a conservação da biodiversidade vegetal.
A ACUPUNTURA COMO TERAPIA COMPLEMENTAR NO TRATAMENTO DA FIBROMIALGIA: UMA REVISÃO NARRATIVA
Authors: Sampaio dos Santos Mylena
Published: May 2022

A acupuntura é um método terapêutico de origem chinesa, reconhecida como uma prática integrativa e complementar em saúde. Caracteriza-se pela inserção de agulhas na superfície corporal afim de tratar doenças e promover o bem-estar físico e mental. Nesse contexto de cuidado e atenção à saúde, o presente artigo foca sua atenção na fibromialgia: uma síndrome não inflamatória, crônica, de origem desconhecida, que causa dor musculoesquelética, com caráter difuso, em múltiplos pontos, fenômeno conhecido como tender point. Afeta aproximadamente de 2-4 % da população mundial e 2,5% da população brasileira e pode, inclusive, acometer outros sistemas corporais, além do musculoesquelético. Foi realizada uma pesquisa descritiva, de abordagem qualitativa, do tipo revisão bibliográfica narrativa utilizando artigos científicos, publicados no período de 2005 até 2020, indexados nos bancos de dados Scielo, PubMed e Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS). Os resultados apontam que a acupuntura traz benefícios para uma proporção substancial de pacientes com dor crônica e pode promover benefícios para além da analgesia, como a melhora na qualidade de vida, no humor e no sono. Conclui-se que a acupuntura é eficaz em tratamento para fibromialgia, amenizando dores crônicas, melhorando a qualidade de vida, diminuindo os distúrbios de sono e os riscos de doença cardíaca coronária em pacientes fibromiálgicos. Com a utilização da acupuntura os custos com a saúde são reduzidos pois se associam à redução no consumo de fármacos, como os analgésicos, melhorando a qualidade de vida dos pacientes portadores de fibromialgia.
ANÁLISE DO PENSAMENTO ALGÉBRICO EM LIVROS DIDÁTICOS DO ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL
Authors: Debastiani Neto João
Published: May 2022

Professores das escolas públicas brasileiras utilizam em geral como parâmetro, a Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BNCC) e os materiais disponibilizados pela própria escola para construção do processo de ensino e da aprendizagem dos alunos. Desta maneira, um dos meios para o Ensino Algébrico ser elaborado é considerando os livros didáticos (LD). No entanto, como são apresentados os conteúdos de Álgebra nos livros didáticos para os alunos do Ensino Fundamental? O processo de construção do pensamento algébrico é considerado por estes materiais? Com tais inquietações, este trabalho tem por objetivo analisar se e como é realizada a construção do pensamento algébrico em livros didáticos de Matemática do Ensino Fundamental do sexto ao nono ano, ofertados aos alunos de escolas públicas de um município do interior do estado de São Paulo. Para atingir o objetivo supracitado, foram consideradas diversas literaturas, dentre as quais destacamos a construção do pensamento algébrico, o uso de livros didáticos nas aulas de Matemática e a Análise de Conteúdo de Bardin para categorização dos dados observados em nosso corpus de pesquisa. Considerando duas coleções de LD, pudemos observar que, embora ambas abordem questões de ensino algébrico, existem lacunas no processo de construção do mesmo, em particular na apresentação dos conceitos iniciais da Álgebra para institucionalização deste saber matemático. Em particular, noções de variável e incógnita possuem distinções em sua construção inicial, acarretando em possíveis obstáculos no desenvolvimento do processo de ensino e de aprendizagem do pensamento algébrico.
ESTRATÉGIAS PARA A OTIMIZAÇÃO DO USO DA VANCOMICINA NA TERAPIA DE INFECÇÕES CAUSADAS POR Staphylococcus aureus RESISTENTES À METICILINA
Authors: Casagrande Lucas , Oliveira Bernardo Carla Cristina de , Pastre Maria José , Caparroz Assef Silvana Martins
Published: May 2022

Infecções por Staphylococcus aureus resistentes a meticilina (MRSA) são frequentes e possuem elevados níveis de mortalidade, principalmente em pacientes hospitalizados. A vancomicina está entre as drogas de escolha para o tratamento de tais infecções. Tendo em vista as limitações terapêuticas e o surgimento de resistência faz-se necessário estratégias para otimizar a farmacocinética e a farmacodinâmica da vancomicina. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar estratégias terapêuticas para otimizar o tratamento com vancomicina. A AUC/MIC>400 é uma medida proposta para otimizar a efetividade do tratamento do MRSA, no entanto esta estratégia não é rotina na prática clínica em virtude das limitações técnicas. A concentração mínima entre 16-20 mg/L e a máxima de 80 mg/L é geralmente padronizada para garantir a eficácia do tratamento e minimizar os efeitos adversos. Além disso, a fim de reduzir a nefrotoxicidade causada pela vancomicina propõem-se o regime de infusão continua que favorece a eficácia do tratamento.
DESAFIOS ENFRENTADOS NO ENSINO EMERGENCIAL REMOTO DE QUÍMICA: UMA PERSPECTIVA DO ALUNO
Authors: Bulhões Felina Kelly Marques , Santana Mayana Valentin , Lira Francielle Milton , Rego Enoc Lima do
Published: May 2022

A pandemia do SARs-CoV-2 e o distanciamento social trouxe muitos impactos à formação dos estudantes de graduação afetando, principalmente, os ingressantes na universidade. Desta forma, essa pesquisa teve como objetivo identificar os fatores que dificultam a aprendizagem na disciplina de Química pelos estudantes dos cursos de graduação em Licenciatura em Ciências Biológicas e Engenharia Agronômica da Universidade do Estado da Bahia, campus IX, durante o ensino remoto emergencial causado pela COVID-19. Esse estudo foi conduzido através da estratégia Websurvey, com a participação de 29 estudantes selecionados aleatoriamente. O questionário foi estruturado com perguntas fechadas e abertas divididas em duas seções, onde a primeira referente às características sóciodemográficas dos participantes e a segunda seção com questões relacionadas às dificuldades vivenciadas em decorrência do ensino remoto emergencial. Os resultados apontaram que a maioria dos estudantes, provenientes de escolas públicas, apresentaram dificuldades na disciplina de Química na graduação. Essas dificuldades, que em parte, está relacionada a ausência de aprendizagem significativa na educação básica, foi agravada pelos desafios enfrentados pelos discentes durante o Ensino Remoto Emergencial. Elencando os fatores que dificultam a aprendizagem na disciplina de Química durante o ensino remoto emergencial, pode-se citar internet de péssima qualidade, equipamentos precários, ambiente familiar inadequado e poucas familiaridades com as tecnologias.
RELAÇÕES ENTRE ESTILO DE VIDA E PADRÃO DE SONO DURANTE A PANDEMIA DA COVID-19
Authors: Bomfim Gomes Bernardi Abikeilla Ariane , Belenello Jéssica Regina , Trannin de Mello Sônia
Published: May 2022

A qualidade do sono é considerada um importante indicador de saúde. Verificamos a influência do sono e do estado de ansiedade em 93 mulheres (>30 anos), entre julho e agosto de 2020. Analisamos os inventários Sociocultural, Cronotipos, PSQI, IDATE-T/E, BDI e BHS respondidos corretamente. Observou-se uma queda na quantidade e qualidade de sono. No BDI (n=75), 69% apresentaram escore mínimo para depressão, 12% moderado e 3%, grave. Cruzando esses dados com a faixa etária, 76% das mulheres com escore mínimo estão acima de 60 anos e 7% com escore grave, entre 50 e 59 anos. Cruzando BDI e Cronotipo: 78% das matutinas tiveram classificação mínima para depressão. 17% das moderadamente vespertinas e 5% das intermediárias, apontaram tendência grave para depressão. No BHS (n=83), 76%, 18%, 4% e 2% expressam, respectivamente, expectativa negativa mínima, leve, moderada e grave a respeito do futuro imediato e remoto. Cruzando IDATE com PSQI, 78% com distúrbio do sono se encontram em uma condição média de ansiedade, enquanto estado e traço. 22% apresentam alto estado de ansiedade, enquanto estado e 11% traço. Pode-se correlacionar fatores externos como causas das diferenças dos padrões de sono. Ações que levem ao autoconhecimento e autocuidado podem contribuir para o reconhecimento dos primeiros sinais de alterações do sono e do humor, permitindo melhor controle e acompanhamento das situações reais de conflito externo.
POTENCIAL ALELOPÁTICO E ANÁLISE FITOQUÍMICA DE Diatenopteryx sorbifolia Radlk.
Authors: Martins da Silva Tatiane , Rezende Ximenez Gabriel , Hernandez Pastorini Lindamir
Published: May 2022

A alelopatia é definida como qualquer efeito prejudicial ou benéfico entre plantas ou microrganismos através de compostos químicos liberados ao ambiente (compostos secundários). O trabalho teve por objetivo investigar o efeito alelopático de extratos aquosos das folhas secas de Diatenopteryx sorbifolia Radlk, em diferentes concentrações, sobre a germinação e crescimento inicial de espécie cultivada e duas plantas invasoras, utilizando-se como espécies-alvo Lactuca sativa L. e Ipomoea triloba L. e Solanum americanum Mill. Para os bioensaios de germinação, 25 cipselas de L. sativa foram distribuídas em placas de Petri, contendo 6 mL de extrato aquoso. As placas foram mantidas em câmara de germinação a 25°C e fotoperíodo de 12 horas. O mesmo procedimento foi realizado para as sementes de I. triloba. Após 48 horas calculou-se a porcentagem de germinação (%G), tempo médio de germinação (TMG) e índice de velocidade de germinação (IVG). Para a análise de crescimento inicial, cipselas de L. sativa e sementes de I. triloba e S. americanum, germinadas em água destilada, foram colocadas em placas de Petri, contendo dois discos de papel filtro e 6 mL de extrato aquoso de D. sorbifolia. Após 48 horas foi obtido o comprimento do hipocótilo e da raiz das plântulas. Como controle, utilizou-se água destilada. Também foi realizada análise fitoquímica de folhas de D. sorbifolia, onde obteve-se resultados positivos para saponinas, fenóis, e taninos hidrolisáveis, esteroides e triterpenoides, depsídeos e depsidonas. Observou-se que o extrato de maior concentração de D. sorbifolia reduziu a %G e o IVG de cipselas de alface e provocou atraso na germinação de I. triloba. Os extratos de maior concentração de D. sorbifolia também reduziram o crescimento da raiz das espécies estudadas. Os resultados obtidos indicam o potencial alelopático das folhas de D. sorbifolia.
Innovative Performances of Agricultural Research Institutes in Sri Lanka: The Relevance of Knowledge Sourcing and Absorptive Capacity for Innovation Performances
Authors: Silva K. N. N.
Published: May 2022

This paper explores the relationship between external knowledge sources and absorptive capacity on the one hand and the innovative performance of agricultural research and development institutes in Sri Lanka. Following the literature, we first identify the different types of knowledge sources available to research and development institutions and analyse the ease with which they can access them. The institutions also acquire external knowledge from publications and by attending conferences. Secondly, we test and see whether external knowledge sources lead to higher innovation performance. Based on survey data, our empirical results show that institutes with fewer departments are more innovative and that higher organizational absorptive capacities result in a higher level of innovative output. Interestingly, formal and reliable knowledge sources contribute to higher innovative performance. Anyhow, higher absorptive capacity without engagement in external interaction reduces the innovative performance of research and development institutes. Moreover, this empowers agricultural research and development institutes to engage in more collaborative research approaches to achieve higher levels of innovation performance.
Level of Technology Adoption in Groundnut (Arachis hypogeae L.) Production: A Case Study in Batticaloa District
Authors: Ramachandran R. , De Silva L. H. N. , Udayanga N. W. B. A. L.
Published: May 2022

Groundnut is a major commercial crop cultivated in Sri Lanka, especially in the dry zone depending on the monsoon seasons. However, groundnut cultivation has been significantly affected by contemporary challenges, such as irrigation, climate change, methods of land preparation and selection of good seeds, which require adoption of new technologies. Especially, seed production aspects for groundnut cultivation requires a higher attention to maintain the sustainability and cost-efficiency of the process. Nevertheless, farmers are reluctant in utilizing new technology, considering their dependency on traditional methods passed through previous generations. Therefore, the current study was conducted to determine the knowledge level of farmers on technology adoption in groundnut production. A total of one hundred farmers from Eravur Pattu DS division in Batticaloa district were recruited for the current study, based on the stratified random sampling technique. An interviewer administrated pre-tested structured questionnaire was used for data collection. Descriptive analysis techniques were used to summarize the socio-demographic data and the cultivation practices among the farmers. The Chi-square test of association was used identify the significant driving factors on the level of technology adoption by farmers for groundnut seed production. It was noted that around 52% of the farmers were characterized with a moderate level of technology adoption, followed by 37% of farmers denoting a higher technology adoption level in groundnut production. According to the Chi-square statistics, the technology adoption level in groundnut seed production among the studied farmers denoted significant associations with age (p=0.049), education level (p=0.015), monthly income (p=0.047), farming experience (p=0.005), and farming extent (p=0.006). Provision of more training programmes on technology adoption for groundnut farming, extension services and insurance schemes are important to promote the technology adoption among farmers for groundnut seed production.
Comparison of efficacy of bedaquiline and moxifloxacin in drug resistant pulmonary tuberculosis. A prospective observational study
Authors: Desai Govind , Purohit Gopal , Borana Hemant , Deokar Kunal , Yogi Suresh
Published: May 2022

Drug-resistant tuberculosis remains a major public health concern in many countries. We compared the efficacy and safety of bedaquiline plus optimized background regimen (Bdq+OBR) with high dose moxifloxacin and optimized background regimen (Mfx(h)+OBR) for the treatment of patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis with additional resistance to fluoroquinolones. In this prospective observational study, newly diagnosed cases of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis with additional resistance to fluoroquinolone were enrolled. They received either Bdq+OBR or Mfx(h)+OBR and were followed up for six months. The sputum culture conversion rate at the end of six months and the time to culture conversion in each group were studied. The safety profile of both regimens was also studied. The sputum culture conversion was achieved in 41 patients (100%) in the Bdq+OBR group and 36 patients (87.8%) in the Mfx(h)+OBR group at the end of 6 months. The mean time to culture conversion was found to be 3.10±0.8 months in the Bdq+OBR group and 3.32±0.9 months in the Mfx(h)+OBR group. Mortality was 6.8% in the Bdq+OBR group and 10.8 % in the Mfx(h)+OBR group at 6 months. Raised serum lipase and dark discolouration of skin were significantly more common in the Bdq+OBR group while vomiting and ototoxicity were more common in the Mfx(h)+OBR group. Bdq+OBR was associated with higher success of sputum culture conversion at 6 months and faster sputum culture conversion rate as compared to the Mfx(h)+OBR.
A Pilot Study Regarding The Consequences of The COVID-19 Pandemic on Healthcare Education in India and the Implications
Authors: Sharma Paras , Chowdhury Kona , Kumar Santosh , Bhatt Rohan , Hirani Tanvi , Duseja Shilpa , Haque Mainul , Lutfor Afzalunnessa Binte , Etando Ayukafangha , Škrbić Ranko , Shahwan Moyad , Jairoun Ammar Abdulrahman , Godman Brian
Published: May 2022

Introduction:

The early approaches to prevent the spread of COVID-19 included lockdown and social distancing measures, leading to university closures. These measures forced unparalleled changes to the delivery of healthcare education. Concerns included the preparedness of faculty and students to e-learning as well as the routine availability and funding of equipment and internet bundles. This needed addressing with fully trained healthcare professionals required given rising inappropriate use of antibiotics in India, growing prevalence of non-communicable diseases as well as an increasing number of patients with joint comorbidities. Consequently, there is a need to ascertain the current impact of the pandemic on healthcare student education across India.

Materials and Methods:

This was a pilot study among 10 purposely selected healthcare educators in both private and public universities. The questionnaire built on published studies.

Results:

Identified challenges included a lack of familiarity with online education, no bedside teaching, lack of equipment and affordability of internet bundles, poor internet connectivity and postponed examinations. Ways forward included training faculty on e-learning, providing students with loans and other financial support to purchase equipment and internet bundles, establishing COVID-19 prevention protocols and protective equipment, recording lectures and tutorials to make up for lost time and simulated methods to teach clinical aspects.

Conclusion:

Despite challenges, there was a rapid move to online learning among surveyed universities. Alongside this, courses to address lack of familiarity with e-learning approaches with hybrid teaching approaches here to stay. The next step will be to undertake a wider study and to use the combined findings to provide future guidance.
Volume Index is a Risk Factor for Recurrence Even in Patients with Clinical Stage IA Endometrial Cancer Undergoing either Laparotomy or Laparoscopy
Authors: Chikazawa Kenro , Netsu Sachiho , Imai Ken , Kimura Azusa , Kuwata Tomoyuki , Konno Ryo
Published: May 2022

Objectives:

The objective of the study was to investigate the long-term outcomes, in particular, recurrence risk, especially tumor volume, for Stage IA endometrial cancer and to identify the risk factors for recurrence.

Materials and Methods:

This single-center retrospective study analyzed women who underwent primary surgical treatment for the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics Stage IA (Grade 1 or 2) endometrioid carcinoma at our institute between January 2010 and July 2018. Patients' demographic characteristics, including age, operative time, number of lymph nodes, final stage, volume index as tumor volume, and final histological type, were reviewed. A total of 168 patients were enrolled, with 95 and 73 patients in the laparotomy and laparoscopy groups, respectively. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to adjust for prognostic factors in the analysis including upstaged patients, tumor histology, lymphovascular invasion, and volume index.

Results:

There was no difference in the recurrence rate between laparoscopic and open surgeries for Stage IA endometrial cancer. The operative time was longer, and the amount of blood loss was lesser in the laparoscopy group than in the laparotomy group. For all patients undergoing either laparoscopy or open surgery, upstaged ≥IB, nonendometrioid Grade 1 or 2, lymphovascular invasion, and volume index ≥36 were significant independent recurrence risk factors.

Conclusion:

Laparoscopic surgery for Stage IA endometrial cancer is technically and oncologically safe. Patients with a high-volume index have a higher recurrence risk. Furthermore, the volume index can be a recurrence predictor in low-risk endometrial cancer patients.
Hysteroscopy-Guided Natural Orifice Repair of Isthmocele
Authors: Kaya Cihan , Aslan Özgür , Tetik Mülayim
Published: May 2022

Isthmocele can be defined as a hypoechoic field within the lower uterine segment, indicating a discontinuation of the myometrium at the uterine scar of a previous cesarean section. Postmenstrual spotting, pelvic pain, dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, uterine rupture, cesarean scar pregnancy, and secondary infertility could be seen as the complications of existing isthmocele. Such defects are prevalent with the increasing number of cesarean deliveries. A 39-year-old woman who had three prior cesarean sections complaining irregular uterine bleeding for 2 years was examined. A uterine scar defect was observed. A hysteroscopy-guided natural orifice approach was planned to repair the defect. The patient was discharged without any complication in her postoperative 6th h. She had no pain or irregular bleeding in her 2-week postoperative visit.
Effect of customized vibratory device on orthodontic tooth movement
Authors: Khera Amit K. , Raghav Pradeep , Mehra Varun , Wadhawan Ashutosh , Gupta Navna , Phull Tarun S.
Published: May 2022

AIMS:

The primary purpose of the present trial was to evaluate the effect of low-frequency (30Hz) vibrations on the rate of canine retraction.

SETTING AND DESIGN:

Single-center, split mouth prospective randomized controlled clinical trial

METHODS AND MATERIAL:

100 screened subjects (aged18–25 years) were selected; out of which 30 subjects having Class I bimaxillary protrusion or Class II div 1 malocclusion, requiring upper 1st premolar therapeutic extractions, were selected for the study. A split-mouth study design was prepared for the maxillary arch of each selected individual and was randomly allocated into vibration and nonvibration side (control) groups. A customized vibratory device was fabricated for each subject to deliver low-frequency vibrations (30 Hz). Scanned 3D models were prepared sequentially to assess the amount of tooth movement from baseline (T0),(T1), (T2), (T3), and (T4)-4th month of canine retraction.

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED:

Independent “t” test.

RESULTS:

There was no statistically significant differencein the rate of individual canine retraction among the experimental and control groups when the intergroup comparison was done using independent “t” test at T1-T0, (P = 0.954), T2-T1 (P = 0.244), T3-T2 (P = 0.357), and T4-T3 (P = 0.189).

CONCLUSION:

The low-frequency vibratory stimulation of 30 Hz using a customized vibratory device did not significantly accelerate the rate of orthodontic tooth movement.

TRIAL REGISTRATION:

Registered at ctri.nic.in (CTRI/2019/05/019043).
Effects of Injectable platelet rich fibrin (i-PRF) on reduction of relapse after orthodontic tooth movement
Authors: Al-Fakhry Hakam H. , Al-Sayagh Nada M.
Published: May 2022

OBJECTIVES:

The objective of this study is to determine whether submucosal local injection of i-PRF may affect orthodontic relapse by increasing bone density, which further leads to reducing orthodontic relapse.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

Forty-five adult male albino rabbits were randomly divided into three groups: group I (control) with 15 rabbits injected with 200 μl of phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), group II with 15 rabbits injected with 200 μl of i-PRF, and group III of 15 rabbits inject with 400 μl of i-PRF. The lower incisors of rabbits moved distally by a modified orthodontic appliance for 2 weeks; then, the appliance was maintained in position to retain the gaining space for 2 weeks. During the retention period, each group was injected with the specific drug every 7 days. After the retention period, teeth were allowed to relapse by removal of the orthodontic appliance. The results were evaluated by measuring the amount of orthodontic relapse and bone density. The statistical analysis performed by ANOVA and Duncan (P < 0.05 was considered significant).

RESULTS:

I-PRF groups showed a significant reduction in the amount of relapse at 10, 13, 17, and 20 days compared to the control group, indicated by the highest percentage of relapse for the control group at the end of the study (20 days); it was (90.4%) in compared to lowest percentage of relapse for i-PRF groups—they were 61.2% and 59.9%, respectively.

CONCLUSION:

Results indicated that i-PRF has the potential to enhance the stability of teeth after orthodontic tooth movement and could have the ability to reduce relapse, probably by increasing the alveolar bone density.