bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bayesian Belief Network untuk Menghasilkan Fuzzy Association Rules
Authors: Intan Rolly , Yuliana Oviliani Yenty , Kristanto Dwi
Published: November 2023

Bayesian Belief Network (BBN), one of the data mining classification methods, is used in this research for mining and analyzing medical track record from a relational data table. In this paper, a mutual information concept is extended using fuzzy labels for determining the relation between two fuzzy nodes. The highest fuzzy information gain is used for mining fuzzy association rules in order to extend a BBN. Meaningful fuzzy labels can be defined for each domain data. For example, fuzzy labels of secondary disease and complication disease are defined for a disease classification. The implemented of the extended BBN in a application program gives a contribution for analyzing medical track record based on BBN graph and conditional probability tables.
PENERAPAN JARINGAN SARAF TIRUAN UNTUK PERAMALAN
Authors: Halim Siana , Wibisono Adrian Michael
Published: November 2023

Many methods have been developed to get the optimal result in forecasting. One of them that will be used in this paper is using Neural Network for forecasting. The result will be compared with GARCH(1,1) in the terms of Means Absolute Deviation (MAD) and Means Square Error (MSE). Besides that the accuracy and the power to damp the jump will be observed. The data is currency rate from 4 countries in Asia taken during the Asian Monetary Crisis from 1997 up to 1999 since the jump was happened in that series.

Abstract in Bahasa Indonesia :

Ada banyak metode yang telah dikembangkan untuk mencapai hasil yang optimal dari suatu peramalan. Salah satu yang akan diulas pada makalah ini adalah penggunaan Neural Network atau jaringan saraf untuk mendapatkan hasil peramalan yang diharapkan dapat meningkatkan optimasi dan akurasinya. Hasil dari metode ini akan dibandingkan dengan metode GARCH(1,1) dalam bentuk Means Absolute Deviation (MAD) dan Means Square Error (MSE). Selain itu dilakukan pula pengamatan terhadap peredaman jump (perubahan mendadak). Data yang digunakan adalah nilai tukar mata uang dari empat negara di Asia yang diambil selama krisis moneter di Asia.

Kata Kunci: Backpropagation, MAD, MSE, GARCH(1,1), jump.
BARRIERS IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT IN INDONESIAN MANUFACTURING ORGANIZATIONS
Authors: Amar Kifayah , Zain Zuraidah Mohd
Published: November 2023

This study examines the barriers faced by Indonesian manufacturing organizations in the implementation of TQM. Out of a total sample size of 364 selected organizations identified for a multi-response survey, 78 organizations responded. The analysis identified 11 pertinent factors acting as barriers that are most frequently faced by the local organizations. These are issues related to human resource, management, attitude towards quality, organizational culture, interdepartmental relation, material, machine and equipment, information, method and training.
MANAGING PRODUCT RELIABILITY IMPROVEMENT PROJECTS
Authors: Baskoro Gembong
Published: November 2023

Product reliability improvement projects have shown promising results for industries to preserve customer satisfaction. Therefore, best practices on reliability improvement in industries that operate in high volume consumer product can be used as a reference toward managing product reliability improvement. In reliability improvement the method should not only focus on how to achieve the expected deliverable but also to sustain the improvement itself and to close the improvement loop. The importance of managing product reliability improvement is on how to ensure that the project moves to the right direction without loosing its flexibility.
MINIMASI WAKTU PENGERJAAN PRODUK MELANIE SLEIGH CHANGING TABLE MELALUI PENDEKATAN SIMULASI DAN TABU SEARCH
Authors: Sofyan Natalia , Meifani Meifani , Agus W. I Gede
Published: November 2023

The focus of this research is to solve a complex problem through the system approach. As a study case, we tried to minimize the production time at furniture industry using the appropriate process scheduling. Both simulation and Tabu Search methods were employed to solve the scheduling problem. The simulation helped to solve the problem through system approach, while the Tabu Search was employed to find the optimal solutions. The result shows that the hybrid method gave better solution than the initial condition.

Abstract in Bahasa Indonesia :

Penelitian ini memiliki fokus pada penyelesaian suatu permasalahan yang kompleks melalui pendekatan sistem. Permasalahan yang dibahas adalah bagaimana menurunkan waktu pengerjaan produk di industri perkayuan melalui proses penjadwalan yang tepat. Metode simulasi dan Tabu Search digunakan dalam penyelesaian permasalahan. Simulasi digunakan untuk menyelesaikan permasalahan melalui pendekatan sistem sedangkan Tabu Search digunakan untuk mencari solusi yang optimal. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa gabungan pendekatan yang diusulkan memiliki solusi yang lebih baik daripada kondisi awal.

Kata kunci: simulasi, Tabu Search, penjadwalan.
PEMODELAN DAN PENYELESAIAN PERMASALAHAN PENJADWALAN PILOT DENGAN METODE EKSAK DEKOMPOSISI
Authors: Rusdiansyah Ahmad , Mirenani Yani Dhina , Labiba Zya , Siswanto Nurhadi
Published: November 2023

Crew scheduling is one of most important operational problems in airline industries. Crew scheduling Problem consists of two steps that is "Crew Pairing" and "Crew Rostering". The research focusses on building Boeing 737-200's monthly pilot rostering of PT. X Airlines based on given pilot pairings. There are some vertical and horizontal regulations must be fulfilled in so that the problem becomes very complex and cannot be solved using a pure exact method in reasonable computational time. Accordingly, we propose a decomposition exact method to solve the problem. Our model was run using LINGO Optimization software. Experiment results showed that our schedules are outperform than the existing schedules of the airline for the case of May 2006. Abstract in Bahasa Indonesia : Penjadwalan kru pada suatu maskapai penerbangan merupakan salah satu permasalahan operasional yang terpenting. Penjadwalan kru terdiri dari dua tahapan yaitu tahap pengelompokkan kru dan penugasan kru. Penelitian ini memfokuskan pada pembuatan jadwal penugasan pilot pesawat Boeing 737-200 pada maskapai penerbangan PT. X Airlines yang ber-home base di Surabaya selama satu bulan, berdasar pada hasil pengelompokkan pilot yang telah ditentukan sebelumnya. Terdapat sejumlah peraturan horizontal dan vertikal yang harus dipenuhi membuatnya menjadi permasalahan kombinatorial yang sangat kompleks, sehingga tidak dapat diselesaikan dengan menggunakan metode eksak murni dalam waktu yang wajar. Untuk itu digunakan metode eksak dekomposisi. Model tersebut diterjemahkan menggunakan perangkat lunak optimisasi LINGO. Hasil eksperimen menunjukkan bahwa jadwal penugasan pilot yang dibuat dengan metode ini lebih baik daripada jadwal milik perusahaan untuk kasus pada bulan Mei 2006. Kata kunci: penjadwalan pilot, pengelompokkan pilot, aturan horizontal dan vertikal, metode eksak dekomposisi
Analyze the Efficiency of Banking Risk Management in Banks Operating in The Local Environment Through the Application of Basel Standards in Financial Risk Management
Authors: Farhood Alaa Saleh
Published: November 2023

This article discusses the challenges facing the banking system in light of the development of the banking industry and the increase in banking competition at the local and global levels. The article notes that banking risks are no longer limited to credit risks, but also include market risks, liquidity, interest rates, operational risks and others. Based on this development, it has become necessary for banking regulators and institutions to apply unified standards for managing these risks in order to protect the financial stability of banks and the financial system. The article highlights the role of the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision in setting these standards and motivating banks to implement them to ensure the safety of banking systems. The article also notes the importance of bank risk management to enhance the sustainability of banks and avoid the negative effects of risks. The research aims to review the concepts of banking risks and their importance, identify strategies to deal with them, and the extent to which banks comply with the requirements of the Basel Committee. The research shows hypotheses such as the importance of properly managing banking risks for the success of banks and achieving their goals, and the difficulty of applying Basel requirements in the banking environment. The study is chronologically limited to the period from 2014 to 2018, and spatially limited to analyzing the reports of the Rafidain bank in Iraq during that period.
Constricting Life Space and Likelihood of Neurodegenerative Disease in Community-Dwelling Older Men
Authors: Bock Meredith A. , Hoang Tina , Cawthon Peggy , Mackey Dawn C. , Patel Sheena , Hillier Teresa A. , Yaffe Kristine
Published: November 2023

Importance

Life space is a measure of the frequency, range, and independence of movement through the environment. There is increasing interest in life space as a holistic measure of function in older adults, but the association between change in life space and incident neurodegenerative disease is unknown.

Objective

To evaluate the association between change in life space and cognitive decline or incident neurodegenerative disease over 7 years among community-dwelling older men.

Design, Setting, and Participants

In this cohort study, logistic regression analyses were used to examine the association of baseline and change in life space with change in cognition unadjusted and adjusted for demographics, cardiovascular risk factors, depression, gait speed, and physical activity. Mixed linear effects models were used to evaluate the association between change in life space and change in cognition. Men were recruited from 6 US sites to participate in a prospective, community-based cohort study of aging and followed-up from 2007 to 2014. Individuals with prevalent dementia or Parkinson disease (PD) at baseline were excluded. Data were analyzed from May 2022 to September 2023.

Exposure

Life space, assessed using the University of Alabama at Birmingham Life Space Assessment and divided into tertiles.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Participants completed the Modified Mini-Mental State (3MS) Test, and Trail-Making Test Part B at baseline and 7 years later. At follow-up, participants were asked about a new physician diagnosis of dementia and PD.

Results

A total of 1684 men (mean [SD] age, 77.1 [4.2] years) were recruited and over 7 years of follow-up, 80 men (4.8%) developed dementia and 23 men (1.4%) developed PD. Mean (SD) life space score was 92.9 (18.7) points and mean (SD) change was −9.9 (22.3) points over follow up. In the adjusted model, each 1-SD decrement in life space was associated with increased odds of dementia (odds ratio [OR], 1.59; 95% CI, 1.28-1.98) but not PD (OR, 1.48; 95% CI, 0.97-2.25). For each 1-SD decrement in life space, men worsened by 20.6 (95% CI, 19.8-21.1) seconds in their Trails B score (P < .001) and declined by 1.2 (95% CI, 1.0-1.3) points in their 3MS score (P < .001) over 7 years.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this study of 1684 men followed up over 7 years, change in life space was associated with faster cognitive decline and increased likelihood of neurodegenerative illness. Future studies should examine the role of clinician assessments or wearable electronics in tracking life space in older adults at risk of cognitive decline and neurodegenerative illness.
Assessment of Changes in Cancer Treatment During the First Year of the COVID-19 Pandemic in the US
Authors: Nogueira Leticia M. , Schafer Elizabeth J. , Fan Qinjin , Wagle Nikita Sandeep , Zhao Jingxuan , Shi Kewei Sylvia , Han Xuesong , Jemal Ahmedin , Yabroff K. Robin
Published: November 2023

Importance

The COVID-19 pandemic led to disruptions in access to health care, including cancer care. The extent of changes in receipt of cancer treatment is unclear.

Objective

To evaluate changes in the absolute number, proportion, and cancer treatment modalities provided to patients with newly diagnosed cancer during 2020, the first year of the pandemic.

Design, Setting, and Participants

In this cohort study, adults aged 18 years and older diagnosed with any solid tumor between January 1, 2018, and December 31, 2020, were identified using the National Cancer Database. Data analysis was conducted from September 19, 2022, to July 28, 2023.

Exposure

First year of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The expected number of procedures for each treatment modality (surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and hormonal therapy) in 2020 were calculated using historical data (January 1, 2018, to December 31, 2019) with the vector autoregressive method. The difference between expected and observed numbers was evaluated using a generalized estimating equation under assumptions of the Poisson distribution for count data. Changes in the proportion of different types of cancer treatments initiated in 2020 were evaluated using the additive outlier method.

Results

A total of 3 504 342 patients (1 214 918 in 2018, mean [SD] age, 64.6 [13.6] years; 1 235 584 in 2019, mean [SD] age, 64.8 [13.6] years; and 1 053 840 in 2020, mean [SD] age, 64.9 [13.6] years) were included. Compared with expected treatment from previous years’ trends, there were approximately 98 000 fewer curative intent surgical procedures performed, 38 800 fewer chemotherapy regimens, 55 500 fewer radiotherapy regimens, 6800 fewer immunotherapy regimens, and 32 000 fewer hormonal therapies initiated in 2020. For most cancer sites and stages evaluated, there was no statistically significant change in the type of cancer treatment provided during the first year of the pandemic, the exception being a statistically significant decrease in the proportion of patients receiving breast-conserving surgery and radiotherapy with a simultaneous statistically significant increase in the proportion of patients undergoing mastectomy for treatment of stage I breast cancer during the first months of the pandemic.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this large national cohort study, a significant deficit was noted in the number of cancer treatments provided in the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. Data indicated that this deficit in the number of cancer treatments provided was associated with decreases in the number of cancer diagnoses, not changes in treatment strategies.
Olfactory and Gustatory Function 3 Years After Mild COVID-19—A Cohort Psychophysical Study
Authors: Boscolo-Rizzo Paolo , Hummel Thomas , Spinato Giacomo , Angelo Vaira Luigi , Menini Anna , Hopkins Claire , Tirelli Giancarlo
Published: November 2023

This case-control study estimates the 3-year prevalence of measured olfactory dysfunction and gustatory dysfunction associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Interactive effects of mindfulness and negative urgency on intimate partner aggression perpetration
Authors: Brown Wyatt T. , Martelli Alexandra M. , Chester David S.
Published: November 2023

Intimate partner aggression (IPA) is a costly and incompletely understood phenomenon. Negative urgency, the tendency to act impulsively in response to negative affect, is predictive of IPA perpetration. Mindfulness, by virtue of its emphasis on nonreactivity to negative affect, is an opposing force to urgent tendencies that may mitigate the negative urgency‐IPA link. Yet, no research to date investigates the interactive effects of negative urgency and mindfulness on IPA perpetration. Two studies were conducted that measured and manipulated multiple facets of mindfulness alongside measures of negative urgency and tendencies of IPA perpetration (combined N = 508 undergraduate students in monogamous intimate relationships). Counter to our preregistered predictions, we found that negative urgency's association with greater IPA perpetration increased at higher levels of mindfulness. These findings suggest that mindfulness may not be a protective factor against IPA perpetration for individuals higher in negative urgency, but rather may serve as a risk factor.
Hemispherical Rutile Solid Immersion Lens for Terahertz Microscopy with Superior 0.06–0.11λ Resolution
Authors: Zhelnov Vladislav A. , Chernomyrdin Nikita V. , Katyba Gleb M. , Gavdush Arsenii A. , Bukin Vladimir V. , Garnov Sergey V. , Spektor Igor E. , Kurlov Vladimir N. , Skorobogatiy Maksim , Zaytsev Kirill I.
Published: November 2023

Solid immersion microscopy is a near‐field imaging modality that overcomes the Abbe diffraction limit by focusing the light beam behind a high refractive index lens. It offers high energy efficiency, thanks to the absence of any sub‐wavelength probes or apertures in the optical path. A favorable combination of superresolution and high optical throughput opens up a variety of imaging applications in different branches of science and technology. The spatial resolution of solid immersion microscopy is mostly limited by the refractive index value of the lens, with optically denser lenses offering higher resolutions. In this paper, bulk rutile (TiO2) crystal is used as a material for the solid immersion lens, which offers an impressive refractive index of ≈10 in the terahertz range. This is the highest value of refractive index ever used in solid immersion microscopy. A continuous wave impact ionization avalanche transit‐time diode‐emitter at the 0.2 THz frequency (the λ = 1.5 mm wavelength) and a Golay detector are used for building a solid immersion microscope. Numerical and experimental studies reveal 0.06–0.11λ resolution of the developed microscope. This is the highest normalized resolution ever reported for any solid immersion imaging systems.
Interfacial Engineering of Quantum Dots–Metal–Organic Framework Composite Toward Efficient Charge Transport for a Short‐Wave Infrared Photodetector
Authors: Huang Po‐Yu , Zhang Yong‐Yun , Tsai Po‐Cheng , Chung Ren‐Jei , Tsai Yi‐Ting , Leung Man‐kit , Lin Shih‐Yen , Fang Mu‐Huai
Published: November 2023

Short‐wave infrared (SWIR) quantum dot (QD)‐converted photodetectors are one of the promising devices used in artificial intelligence and automatic navigation systems. However, compared to semi‐conductor‐type photodetectors, they suffer from poor chemical stability and weak electronic conductivity. In this study, a PbS QD and conductive metal–organic framework (MOF) hybrid composite is designed with SWIR detection capability. The Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy confirms the surface modification of PbS QDs with MOF. X‐ray absorption near‐edge structures spectra reveal the chemical bonding between MOF and PbS QDs. Furthermore, 2D grazing‐incidence small‐ and wide‐angle X‐ray scattering is utilized to unveil the particle stacking and the preferred orientation of the PbS@MOF thin film. By integrating the PbS@MOF thin film directly on top of the graphene field effect transistor (FET) device, the chemical stability and photoelectric properties of graphene FET are enhanced, and these are investigated using a focus ion beam with a high‐resolution transmission electron microscope. This study offers a strategy to simultaneously improve the chemical stability and the photoelectronic properties of the nanomaterials as well as contribute to the advancement of a QD‐converted SWIR photodetector.
A Bioinspired Flexible Sensor for Electrochemical Probing of Dynamic Redox Disequilibrium in Cancer Cells
Authors: Zeng Zhongyuan , Wang Jian , Zhao Shuang , Zhang Yuchan , Fan Jingchuan , Wu Hui , Chen Jiajia , Zhang Zaikuan , Meng Zexuan , Yang Lu , Wang Renzhi , Zhang Bo , Wang Guixue , Li Chen‐Zhong , Zang Guangchao
Published: November 2023

Malignant tumors pose a serious risk to human health. Ascorbic acid (AA) has potential for tumor therapy; however, the mechanism underlying the ability of AA to selectively kill tumor cells remains unclear. AA can cause redox disequilibrium in tumor cells, resulting in the release of abundant reactive oxygen species, represented by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Therefore, the detection of H2O2 changes can provide insight into the selective killing mechanism of AA against tumor cells. In this work, inspired by the ion‐exchange mechanism in coral formation, a flexible H2O2 sensor (PtNFs/CoPi@CC) is constructed to monitor the dynamics of H2O2 in the cell microenvironment, which exhibits excellent sensitivity and spatiotemporal resolution. Moreover, the findings suggest that dehydroascorbic acid (DHA), the oxidation product of AA, is highly possible the substance that actually acts on tumor cells in AA therapy. Additionally, the intracellular redox disequilibrium and H2O2 release caused by DHA are positively correlated with the abundance and activity of glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1). In conclusion, this work has revealed the potential mechanism underlying the ability of AA to selectively kill tumor cells through the construction and use of PtNFs/CoPi@CC. The findings provide new insights into the clinical application of AA.
A Protection Route Based on the Dual‐Mode Transfer of Lithium Ions for Lithiophilic Site during the Nucleation Period
Authors: Zhu Jinqi , Cui Zhe , Wang Hao , Zhang Linjian , Liu Qian , Lu Aijiang , Ji Tao , Hu Junqing , Luo Wei , Zou Rujia
Published: November 2023

Lithiophilic sites with high binding energy to lithium have a positive effect on the induction of Li deposition. However, saturation deposition of Li‐ions on lithiophilic sites causes a loss of lithiophilicity. Herein, a protection route of lithiophilic sites during the nucleation period is proposed for the first time. The designed heterointerface provides a directional built‐in electric field and a lithiophilic potential well. Li‐ions in the space field can nucleate on the semiconductor side by crossing metal‐based lithiophilic sites through the electric field‐driven mode and the chemical field‐driven mode. Based on a high‐efficiency dual‐mode transfer pathway for Li‐ions, which ensures continuous exposure of lithiophilic sites to the electric field and maximizes its positive effect during the nucleation period. A full cell utilizing the LiFePO4 cathode exhibits a stable voltage profile with low polarization for over 200 cycles at 1 C, demonstrating the importance of the continued role of the lithiophilic sites. This work provides a new direction to design lithiophilic sites in Li metal batteries, which can be extended to other alkali metal batteries.
Robust Interfacial Chemistry Induced by B‐Doping Enables Rapid, Stable Sodium Storage
Authors: Liang Yazhan , Song Ning , Zhang Mingzhe , An Xuguang , Song Kepeng , Chen Weihua , Feng Jinkui , Xiong Shenglin , Xi Baojuan
Published: November 2023

Constructing a stable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) at the electrode–electrolyte interface is powerful for optimizing the battery performance. However, studies related to interface chemistry have particularly focused on engineering electrolytes and overlooked regulating electrode materials. Here, this study reports that the B‐doped Bi interconnected nanoparticles (B─Bi) are prepared by a facile and effective chemical reduction reaction. The B doping helps to catalyze the electrolyte decomposition and more NaF formation on the electrode surface, which facilitates a stable uniform SEI with enhanced mechanical stability. Such a robust SEI layer can inhibit the further decomposition of electrolytes and promote the interfacial Na+ transfer. The B─Bi offers a reversible capacity of 403.1 mAh g−1 at 1.0 A g−1 and a high rate capability of 203 mAh g−1 at 80 A g−1. Moreover, the B‐doping method also finds its viability to stabilize SEI in Sb material. This study demonstrates a new strategy for engineering the interface chemistry toward stable SEI and excellent performance.
A guide to creating an educator's portfolio for the 21st century
Authors: Krzyzaniak Sara M. , Coates Wendy C. , Gottlieb Michael
Published: November 2023

An educator's portfolio is (EP) a collection of materials for demonstrating and assessing a clinician educator's performance and perspective. Although not all academic institutions require faculty to maintain an EP, it can serve as a valuable tool for both personal reflection and professional advancement. With newer advancements in technology and social media, there are also opportunities to enhance the EP for the digital era. This educator's blueprint highlights eight strategies for creating an EP for the 21st century clinician educator: use your educator's philosophy to introduce and anchor your EP, apply broad definitions of scholarship, include pertinent metrics for all scholarly products, describe mentorship activities, incorporate self‐assessment and the assessments from others, report comprehensive accounting of presentations, highlight leadership activities, and utilize technology to facilitate dissemination and sharing of your EP.
Ambient γ‐Rays‐Mediated Noble‐Metal Deposition on Defect‐Rich Manganese Oxide for Glycerol‐Assisted H2 Evolution at Industrial‐Level Current Density
Authors: Yu Hanzhi , Hu Mengyu , Chen Chong , Hu Changjiang , Li Qiuhao , Hu Feng , Peng Shengjie , Ma Jun
Published: November 2023

Developing novel synthesis technologies is crucial to expanding bifunctional electrocatalysts for energy‐saving hydrogen production. Herein, we report an ambient and controllable γ‐ray radiation reduction to synthesize a series of noble metal nanoparticles anchored on defect‐rich manganese oxides (M@MnO2‐x, M=Ru, Pt, Pd, Ir) for glycerol‐assisted H2 evolution. Benefiting from the strong penetrability of γ‐rays, nanoparticles and defect supports are formed simultaneously and bridged by metal‐oxygen bonds, guaranteeing structural stability and active site exposure. The special Ru−O−Mn bonds activate the Ru and Mn sites in Ru@MnO2‐x through strong interfacial coordination, driving glycerol electrolysis at low overpotential. Furthermore, only a low cell voltage of 1.68 V is required to achieve 0.5 A cm−2 in a continuous‐flow electrolyzer system along with excellent stability. In situ spectroscopic analysis reveals that the strong interfacial coordination in Ru@MnO2‐x balances the competitive adsorption of glycerol and OH* on the catalyst surface. Theoretical calculations further demonstrate that the defect‐rich MnO2 support promotes the dissociation of H2O, while the defect‐regulated Ru sites promote deprotonation and hydrogen desorption, synergistically enhancing glycerol‐assisted hydrogen production.
Rational Atom Substitution to Obtain Efficient, Lead‐Free Photocatalytic Perovskites Assisted by Machine Learning and DFT Calculations
Authors: Li Xuying , Mai Haoxin , Lu Junlin , Wen Xiaoming , Le Tu C. , Russo Salvy P. , Winkler David A. , Chen Dehong , Caruso Rachel A.
Published: November 2023

Inorganic lead‐free halide perovskites, devoid of toxic or rare elements, have garnered considerable attention as photocatalysts for pollution control, CO2 reduction and hydrogen production. In the extensive perovskite design space, factors like substitution or doping level profoundly impact their performance. To address this complexity, a synergistic combination of machine learning models and theoretical calculations were used to efficiently screen substitution elements that enhanced the photoactivity of substituted Cs2AgBiBr6 perovskites. Machine learning models determined the importance of d10 orbitals, highlighting how substituent electron configuration affects electronic structure of Cs2AgBiBr6. Conspicuously, d10‐configured Zn2+ boosted the photoactivity of Cs2AgBiBr6. Experimental verification validated these model results, revealing a 13‐fold increase in photocatalytic toluene conversion compared to the unsubstituted counterpart. This enhancement resulted from the small charge carrier effective mass, as well as the creation of shallow trap states, shifting the conduction band minimum, introducing electron‐deficient Br, and altering the distance between the B‐site cations d band centre and the halide anions p band centre, a parameter tuneable through d10 configuration substituents. This study exemplifies the application of computational modelling in photocatalyst design and elucidating structure–property relationships. It underscores the potential of synergistic integration of calculations, modelling, and experimental analysis across various applications.
An Isolable Radical Anion Featuring a 2‐Center‐3‐Electron π‐Bond without a Clearly Defined σ‐Bond
Authors: Mei Yanbo , Chen Xiaodan , Wei Rui , Chang Xiao‐Yong , Tao Lizhi , Liu Liu Leo
Published: November 2023

Featuring an extra electron in the π* antibonding orbital, species with a 2‐center‐3‐electron (2c3e) π bond without an underlying σ bond are scarcely known. Herein, we report the synthesis, isolation and characterization of a radical anion salt [K(18‐C‐6)]+{[(HCNDipp)2Si]2P2}⋅− (i.e. [K(18‐C‐6)]+3⋅−) (18‐C‐6=18‐crown‐6, Dipp=2,6‐diisopropylphenyl), in which 3⋅− features a perfectly planar Si2P2 four‐membered ring. This species represents the first example of a Si‐ and P‐containing analog of a bicyclo[1.1.0]butane radical anion. The unusual bonding motif of 3⋅− was thoroughly investigated via X‐ray diffraction crystallography, electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy (EPR), and calculations by density functional theory (DFT), which collectively unveiled the existence of a 2c3e π bond between the bridgehead P atoms and no clearly defined supporting P−P σ bond.
Investigating the hydrophilicity of phenol formaldehyde foams: Effects of synthesis parameters
Authors: DSouza Glen Cletus , Li Hongwei , Yuan Zhongshan , Xu Chunbao Charles , Ray Madhumita B. , Prakash Anand
Published: November 2023

Open‐cell phenol (P) formaldehyde (F) foams are used for various applications such as hydroponic seed germination, flower arrangements, and sound insulation. This study investigated the influence of various parameters such as F/P molar ratios, blowing agents, surfactants, wetting agents, polymeric and inorganic additives, and oxidizing agents on the hydrophilicity of PF foams. Experimental results indicate that an F/P ratio of 1.8 was ideal for producing phenolic foams with good foam structure, uniform pore distribution, and favorable mechanical properties. A mixture of pentane and hexane at a mass ratio of 1:3 (wt/wt) used as a blowing agent resulted in a foam with the lowest density. With the optimal foaming catalyst (p‐toluene sulfonic acid) at a loading of 28 wt%, the foam exhibited a low density and excellent mechanical properties. A phenolic foam with a low density (39.27 kg/m3), high water absorption capacity (1210 wt%) and high open cell content (78.94%), was achieved by combining 6 wt% Tween‐80 as the surfactant and 3 wt% sodium dodecyl sulfate as the wetting agent. Additionally, 6.5 wt% loading of H2O2 led to a slight decrease in the foam density (38.46 kg/m3), but with a remarkable improvement in the wetting characteristics (water absorption capacity—2404 wt% and nearly 100% open cell content of the produced foam.
Sputtering: An eco‐friendly technique to obtain polymer‐metal hybrids
Authors: Moretti Marcio Luiz , Recco Abel André Cândido , Becker Daniela
Published: November 2023

Among the methods commonly used to obtain polymer‐metal hybrids, sputtering has stood out for its ability to deposit thin films at room temperature. Another highlight is that it does not produce toxic gases or residues to the environment, making it an eco‐friendly solution. This work aimed to produce and characterize stainless steel (SS) films on acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene (ABS) polymer using a magnetron sputtering with a direct current source. The ABS‐SS surface and interface, the ABS thermal behavior, and the film‐substrate adhesion quality were analyzed. The characterization techniques were atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy to reveal the surface, x‐ray fluorescence spectroscopy to determine the chemical composition, and transmission electron microscopy to determine the phases on the ABS‐SS interface. The samples' thermal behavior was analyzed through thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry. Method B from the ASTM D3359 standard qualitatively evaluated the film‐substrate adhesion. The characterizations showed that the ABS did not degrade significantly during SS deposition and that the sample had acceptable film‐substrate adhesion quality, making the technique and deposition parameters suitable for the obtention of this hybrid material.
A molecularly imprinted polymer for the efficient adsorption of morphine
Authors: Ku Chenfeng , Zhang Youhong , Zhou Guohong , Wang Kean
Published: November 2023

Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) were synthesized via the precipitation polymerization technology for the specific adsorption of morphine. A number of polymers (methacrylic acid, trifluoromethyl acrylic acid, and acrylamide) were studied, respectively, as the precursor monomers under various synthetic conditions (the imprinting (IP) ratio, cross‐linking (CL) ratio, solvent ratio, reaction temperature, etc.). The MIP with optimal performance was derived using methacrylic acid (MAA) as the functional monomer, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) as the crosslinker, and azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as the initiator, with an IP ratio of 1:3 and a CL ratio of 5:1. This MIP presented a maximum morphine adsorption capacity of 38.24 mg/g (one of the highest capacities ever reported in the literature) at a bulk morphine concentration of ~230 ppm in acetonitrile solution. The adsorption capacity, selectivity, reusability, as well as the chemical and mechanical stabilities of the MIP were confirmed by the adsorption experiments, instrumental characterization, thermodynamic analysis, as well as the proposed mechanisms.
The devil is in the details: Advancing our collective understanding of naturalistic developmental behavioral interventions
Authors: Shire Stephanie
Published: November 2023

Given the growing body of randomized trials examining various Naturalistic Developmental Behavioral Intervention (NDBI) approaches, a dialog has emerged exploring the overlap in strategies across NDBIs to create single measures that propose to capture core strategies across the interventions. This commentary will ask readers to consider the current state of the science, the potential value of looking not only for similarities but also for differences across approaches, and present five scientific next steps to advance our collective understanding of the NDBIs including: (a) operationalizing intervention strategies and outcomes, (b) expansion of the effectiveness evidence base and begin testing implementation strategies for individual NDBIs, (c) rigorous testing of core intervention components and the mechanism of each intervention, (d) personalization, and (e) supporting transparency with a priori trial registration.
Hysteroscopic resection as a safe minimally invasive technique for the management of cornual pregnancy: A case report and literature review
Authors: Tsagias Nikolaos , Xydias Emmanouil M. , Ziogas Apostolos C. , Tsikouras Panagiotis , Patsinakidis Nikolaos , Daniilidis Angelos , Tsakos Elias
Published: November 2023

Key Clinical Message

Hysteroscopic resection of ectopic cornual pregnancy following MRI imaging is a safe and effective treatment option without significantly impacting fertility potential or increasing the risk of future obstetrical complications.
Electrodeposition Parameters Dramatically Influence the Morphology, Stability, and Performance of n‐Si/Pt Light‐Addressable Electrochemical Sensors
Authors: Hernandez Jocelyn B. , Epright Zackary D. , Terrero Rodríguez Irina M. , O'Neil Glen D.
Published: November 2023

Light addressable electrochemical (LAE) sensors have seen great utility in the past several years because they enable multiple localized electrochemical measurements to be performed on a single macroscopic electrode, opening up applications in imaging, biosensing, surface patterning, and multiplexing. In this study, we investigated the effects of electrodeposition on the formation of LAE sensors formed between n‐Si and electrodeposited Pt. We prepared sensors by electrodepositing Pt onto freshly‐etched n‐Si under a variety of conditions, varying the Pt precursor concentration, electrodeposition time, supporting electrolyte, and potential waveform. We characterized the sensors using a combination of atomic force microscopy, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetry. This study shows that the electrodeposition parameters have a dramatic impact on the morphology of the electrodeposited surfaces, sensor stability, and sensitivity towards H2O2. Specifically, we observed that continuous Pt films prepared with a higher Pt precursor concentration were more stable and had better linearity, higher sensitivity, and broader dynamic range than those prepared with a lower Pt precursor concentration. The stability and increased H2O2 sensing performance correlate strongly with an increase in the Pt islands which make up the film. These data highlight that the morphology of the metal in semiconductor/metal junction LAE sensors has an impact on important performance metrics like stability and sensitivity. They also demonstrate the need for semiconductor/metal LAE sensors to be studied using micro‐ and nanoscale imaging techniques in order to more deeply understand their performance characteristics.
Reaction Engineering and Comparison of Electroenzymatic and Enzymatic ATP Regeneration Systems
Authors: Siedentop Regine , Prenzel Tobias , Waldvogel Siegfried R. , Rosenthal Katrin , Lütz Stephan
Published: November 2023

Invited for this issue's Front Cover are the group of Bioprocess Engineering at TU Dortmund University, Department of Chemistry at Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, and the Biotechnology Group at Constructor University. The front cover illustrates the electroenzymatic regeneration of ATP. The electrons of an enzymatically catalyzed redox reaction necessary for the ATP regeneration cascade are transferred to an electrode mediated by ferrocenyl‐methanol. Regenerative and green energy can therefore be used to drive the reaction. Cover design by Tobias Prenzel and Finn Moeller. Read the full text of the Research Article at 10.1002/celc.202300332.
Pretreatment albumin is a prognostic and predictive biomarker for response to atezolizumab across solid tumors
Authors: Saal Jonas , Ellinger Jörg , Ritter Manuel , Brossart Peter , Hölzel Michael , Klümper Niklas , Bald Tobias
Published: November 2023

Objectives

Reliable predictive biomarkers for response to immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI) are lacking. Pretreatment serum albumin, a known prognostic and predictive factor in ICI‐treated patients, has been proposed as a potential pharmacokinetic surrogate marker for anti‐PD1/PD‐L1 antibodies, as it shares a homeostatic pathway with IgG. However, this hypothesis is currently based on theoretical considerations and limited evidence from retrospective data. Therefore, we comprehensively investigated the prognostic and predictive value of pretreatment albumin and its relationship with anti‐PD‐L1 IgG levels.

Methods

We analysed pretreatment albumin and atezolizumab serum levels and clinical response in four trials (IMvigor210, IMvigor211, IMmotion151 and OAK) of patients with metastatic lung‐, renal‐ or urothelial cancer who received atezolizumab alone or in combination.

Results

A total of 3391 patients were analysed. Correlation between serum albumin and atezolizumab levels was weak (Pearson's coefficient 0.23). We found a strong prognostic value for pretreatment serum albumin across all trials. Both atezolizumab serum levels and serum albumin were independently correlated with overall survival. Importantly, in the three randomised phase III clinical trials, the survival benefit for immunotherapy compared with the active comparator arm was limited to patients with pretreatment serum albumin > 35 g L−1.

Conclusion

Our data do not support the hypothesis that albumin serves as a surrogate for atezolizumab pharmacokinetics. However, we show that albumin on its own exerts strong prognostic value for patients treated with immunotherapy. As benefit from immunotherapy was limited to patients with normal/elevated serum albumin levels, baseline albumin could potentially be used as a predictive marker for immune checkpoint inhibition.
Alternative lifestyles: A plague persistence hypothesis
Authors: Wimsatt Jeffrey , Eads David A. , Matchett Marc R. , Biggins Dean E.
Published: November 2023

Several explanations have been posited for how the plague bacterium (Yersinia pestis) reemerges during sylvatic cycles within the same foci over many years, and often without direct evidence of host die‐offs. One prevalent view is that transmission‐optimized Y. pestis bacteria, exhibiting epizootic/enzootic behavior, almost continually replicate and survive through repeated, linked, host‐centered propagation events. These bacteria, we will refer to as “r‐pestis” type ecotype(s), represent a limited number of phenotypic lineages exhibiting optimal transmissibility and high rates of reproduction. These attributes, it is thought, assure their durability through time. For continuous r‐pestis type expansions to be successful, adequate numbers of fleas and hosts must become infected to produce massive numbers of bacteria. In the process, host and flea numbers decline as they succumb to plague. Here we hypothesize that r‐pestis population expansions seed the environment and confront a unique, highly competitive local milieu, where natural selection favors new ecotypes that incorporate a range of emergent adaptive survival strategies. These newly adapted survivors we recognize as a range of “K‐pestis” ecotypes with greater durability and lower reproduction rates. These emergent K‐pestis forms may arise in succession or coexist for varying periods of time with r‐pestis ecotypes, and with other K‐pestis ecotypes. Among K‐pestis ecotypes, we hypothesize that through adaptive radiations, some persist within flea life stages, soil, organic waste, amoebae, plants, carcasses, hosts, or within niches yet to be characterized. In some settings, after a long quiet period, when favorable, K‐pestis bacteria may trigger a singular event where an r‐pestis transmission stream emerges precipitating another enzootic/epizootic progression. If this hypothesis withstands rigorous testing, then Y. pestis might represent an even more formidable, enduring, and adaptable foe, where unforeseen local events could trigger new epidemic and epizootic/enzootic events threatening humans and populations of other mammals, including those of conservation concern.
Torsional vibration characteristics analysis and adaptive fixed‐time control of wind turbine drivetrain
Authors: Yang Jianxiang , Zhou Feihang , Xiong Jianbin , Hou Zhicheng , Zhang Jinliang , Mu Anle
Published: November 2023

The drivetrain has an important impact on the stability and reliability of wind turbines operating in complex conditions, which belongs to the electromechanical coupling system. This work studies the two domains of research on drivetrain vibration analysis and control method in detail. The electromechanically coupled torsional vibration model is first established by considering the air gap magnetic field energy of the PMSG. Preliminary analysis in terms of Hamiltonian energy indicates that there is sufficient energy to sustain the exciting oscillation behaviors. Moreover, to reduce the vibration amplitude caused by wind speed or torsional stiffness, a novel adaptive fixed‐time control method is proposed to solve the issue of wind turbine drivetrain chaotic oscillation with uncertainties and disturbances. Furthermore, the proposed method not only can prevent the jumping and bifurcation of torsional vibration from happening, but also there are the advantages of the control scheme with high accuracy, fast convergence rate and strong robustness. For the fair comparison, three different control methods have been used to demonstrate the superiority of the control scheme by the simulation results. The research results can provide a theoretical basis for the parameter design and control of wind turbine drivetrain.
Maize seeds forecasting with hybrid directional and bi‐directional long short‐term memory models
Authors: Isik Hakan , Tasdemir Sakir , Taspinar Yavuz Selim , Kursun Ramazan , Cinar Ilkay , Yasar Ali , Yasin Elham Tahsin , Koklu Murat
Published: November 2023

The purity of the seeds is one of the important factors that increase the yield. For this reason, the classification of maize cultivars constitutes a significant problem. Within the scope of this study, six different classification models were designed to solve this problem. A special dataset was created to be used in the models designed for the study. The dataset contains a total of 14,469 images in four classes. Images belong to four different maize types, BT6470, CALIPOS, ES_ARMANDI, and HIVA, taken from the BIOTEK company. AlexNet and ResNet50 architectures, with the transfer learning method, were used in the models created for the image classification. In order to improve the classification success, LSTM (Directional Long Short‐Term Memory) and BiLSTM (Bi‐directional Long Short‐Term Memory) algorithms and AlexNet and ResNet50 architectures were hybridized. As a result of the classifications, the highest classification success was obtained from the ResNet50+BiLSTM model with 98.10%.
Electric Power Resilience: Is More Better?
Authors: Costello Kenneth W.
Published: November 2023

Can we spend too much on transportation and occupational safety, pollution abatement and climate change mitigation? The answer for many, including climate activists, regulators, politicians, and policymakers, is “of course we can't.” How can one doubt that these activities are socially desirable, especially when they could help to avoid cataclysmic outcomes? For an economist, however, it is not so farfetched to think that we can spend too much. The simple Econ 101 explanation is that, at the margin, the additional benefits fall short of the additional costs.
Peripheral edema associated with antidepressant use: Systematic review of case reports
Authors: Joseph Jithin T. , Vishwanath Rashmi , Praharaj Samir Kumar
Published: November 2023

Background

Oedema associated with psychotropics can impose a considerable burden, leading to increased morbidity and cost. Peripheral oedema is sometimes related to the use of antidepressants, which are among the most prescribed psychotropic medications. We reviewed the reported cases of antidepressant‐associated oedema to understand the risk factors, aetiology and outcome.

Methods

We searched the Medline, Web of Science and Embase databases to identify reported cases of peripheral oedema associated with antidepressant use. We included studies published in English and those with full‐text availability. A systematic review of the reports was done to identify the antidepressants associated with oedema, explore possible risk factors, investigate potential mechanisms, and assess the outcome.

Results

We identified a total of 45 cases (27 case reports and five case series) that reported oedema associated with antidepressant use. Almost all major classes of antidepressants were found to be associated with oedema. Among these drugs, trazodone, mirtazapine, and escitalopram were the most implicated. Older age and female gender were more commonly associated with oedema. Etiologically, antagonism of α1 adrenergic receptors and 5HT2A receptors, leading to vasodilation and oedema, emerged as the most prevalent mechanisms. In most cases, the oedema subsided following the discontinuation of the antidepressants.

Conclusions

Peripheral oedema associated with antidepressant use can represent a significant adverse drug reaction involving various classes of antidepressants. To ensure timely identification and proper management of oedema, regular monitoring is crucial.