bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Zinc and selenium supplementation on treated HIV-infected individuals induces changes in body composition and on the expression of genes responsible of naïve CD8+ T cells function
Authors: Osuna-Padilla Iván Armando , Rodríguez-Moguel Nadia Carolina , Aguilar-Vargas Adriana , Tolentino-Dolores Maricruz , Perichart-Perera Otilia , Ahumada-Topete Victor , Ávila-Ríos Santiago , Soto-Nava Maribel , Diaz-Rivera Dafné , De León-Lara Enrique , Wilson-Verdugo Marti , Briceño Olivia
Published: September 2024

Background and aim

Deficiency of zinc and selenium is common in persons living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWHIV) and has been associated with the development of non-AIDS related comorbidities, impaired immune system function and mortality. Micronutrient supplementation on long-term-treated PLWHIV could bring potential clinical and immunological benefits improving their health status and quality of life. The aim of the present study is to analyze the effect of zinc and selenium supplementation on body composition, bone mineral density, CD4+ T-cell counts, metabolic profile and immune system status on clinical stable PLWHIV on long-term antiretroviral therapy (ART).

Methods

This is a randomized pilot clinical trial in which we recruited 60 PLWHIV on ART who were assigned to the intervention groups: zinc (30 mg of zinc gluconate), selenium (200 μg of selenium yeast), zinc + selenium (same doses and presentations) or to a control group (without nutritional supplementation) who received supplementation during 6 months. Primary outcome was defined as changes in body composition (weight, muscle and fat mass and bone mineral density) and secondary outcomes as changes in biochemical and immunological parameters (CD4+ T-cell count, cholesterol, glucose, triglycerides and seric zinc and selenium seric concentrations) before and after supplementation. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of one individual of each intervention group were analyzed for single cell transcriptomics before and after supplementation.

Results

BMI (p = 0.03), fat mass (p = 0.03), and trunk fat (p = 0.01) decreased after 6 months of selenium supplementation. No changes were observed for cholesterol, glucose or triglycerides after supplementation (p > 0.05 in all cases). CD4+ T cells percentage increased after 6 months of selenium supplementation (p = 0.03). On the transcriptome analysis, zinc and selenium supplementation induced changes on de expression of genes associated with the function of naive and memory CD8+ T-cells (p < 0.05 in all cases).

Conclusion

Zinc and selenium supplementation could represent a complementary intervention that may improve the health status and immune response of treated PLWHIV.
Volumetric modulated arc therapy total body irradiation improves toxicity outcomes compared to 2D total body irradiation
Authors: Hui Caressa , Simiele Eric , Lozko Yuliia , Romero Ignacio , Skinner Lawrie , Binkley Michael Sargent , Hoppe Richard , Kovalchuk Nataliya , Hiniker Susan M.
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) total body irradiation (TBI) allows for greater organ sparing with improved target coverage compared to 2D-TBI. However, there is limited evidence of whether improved organ sparing translates to decreases in toxicities and how its toxicities compare to those of the 2D technique. We aimed to compare differences in toxicities among patients treated with TBI utilizing VMAT and 2D techniques.

Methods/materials

A matched-pair single-institution retrospective analysis of 200 patients treated with TBI from 2014 to 2023 was performed. Overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were analyzed using the Kaplan–Meier method and compared using log-rank tests. Differences in characteristics and toxicities between the VMAT and 2D cohorts were compared using Fisher’s exact test.

Results

Of the 200 patients analyzed, 100 underwent VMAT-TBI, and 100 underwent 2D-TBI. The median age for VMAT-TBI and 2D-TBI patients was 13.7 years and 16.2 years, respectively (p = 0.25). In each cohort, 53 patients were treated with myeloablative regimens (8–13.76 Gy), and 47 were treated with non-myeloablative regimens (2–4 Gy). For the entire VMAT-TBI cohort, lung Dmean, kidney Dmean, and lens Dmax were spared to 60.6% ± 5.0%, 71.0% ± 8.5%, and 90.1% ± 3.5% of prescription, respectively. For the non-myeloablative VMAT-TBI cohort, testis/ovary Dmax, brain, and thyroid Dmean were spared to 33.4% ± 7.3%, 75.4% ± 7.0%, and 76.1% ± 10.5%, respectively. For 2D-TBI, lungs were spared using partial-transmission lung blocks for myeloablative regimens. The VMAT-TBI cohort experienced significantly lower rates of any grade of pneumonitis (2% vs. 12%), nephrotoxicity (7% vs. 34%), nausea (68% vs. 81%), skin (16% vs. 35%), and graft versus host disease (GVHD) (42% vs. 62%) compared to 2D-TBI patients. For myeloablative regimen patients, rates of pneumonitis (0% vs. 17%) and nephrotoxicity (9% vs. 36%) were significantly lower with VMAT-TBI versus 2D-TBI (p < 0.01). Median follow-up was 14.3 months, and neither median OS nor PFS for the entire cohort was reached. In the VMAT versus 2D-TBI cohort, the 1-year OS was 86.0% versus 83.0% (p = 0.26), and the 1-year PFS was 86.6% and 80.0% (p = 0.36), respectively.

Conclusion

Normal tissue sparing with VMAT-TBI compared to the 2D-TBI translated to significantly lower rates of pneumonitis, renal toxicity, nausea, skin toxicity, and GVHD in patients, while maintaining excellent disease control.
A comprehensive review on the potential of coumarin and related derivatives as multi-target therapeutic agents in the management of gynecological cancers
Authors: Şeker Karatoprak Gökçe , Dumlupınar Berrak , Celep Engin , Kurt Celep Inci , Küpeli Akkol Esra , Sobarzo-Sánchez Eduardo
Published: September 2024

Current treatments for gynecological cancers include surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. However, these treatments often have significant side effects. Phytochemicals, natural compounds derived from plants, offer promising anticancer properties. Coumarins, a class of benzopyrone compounds found in various plants like tonka beans, exhibit notable antitumor effects. These compounds induce cell apoptosis, target PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathways, inhibit carbonic anhydrase, and disrupt microtubules. Additionally, they inhibit tumor multidrug resistance and angiogenesis and regulate reactive oxygen species. Specific coumarin derivatives, such as auraptene, praeruptorin, osthole, and scopoletin, show anti-invasive, anti-migratory, and antiproliferative activities by arresting the cell cycle and inducing apoptosis. They also inhibit metalloproteinases-2 and -9, reducing tumor cell migration, invasion, and metastasis. These compounds can sensitize tumor cells to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Synthetic coumarin derivatives also demonstrate potent antitumor and anticancer activities with minimal side effects. Given their diverse mechanisms of action and minimal side effects, coumarin-class phytochemicals hold significant potential as therapeutic agents in gynecological cancers, potentially improving treatment outcomes and reducing side effects. This review will aid in the synthesis and development of novel coumarin-based drugs for these cancers.
Using a signal detection approach to understand the impacts of processing fluency and efficacy on accuracy in misinformation detection
Authors: Fort Kara S. , Shulman Hillary C.
Published: September 2024

This experiment (N = 1,019) examined how a state of processing fluency, induced through either an easy or difficult task (reading a simple vs. complex message or recalling few vs. many examples) impacted participants’ ability to subsequently detect misinformation. The results revealed that, as intended, easier tasks led to higher reports of processing fluency. In turn, increased processing fluency was positively associated with internal efficacy. Finally, internal efficacy was positively related to misinformation detection using a signal detection task. This work suggests that feelings of ease while processing information can promote confidence and a more discerning style of information processing. Given the proliferation of misinformation online, an understanding of how metacognitions – like processing fluency – can disrupt the tacit acceptance of information carries important democratic and normative implications.
Financial strain among West-Javanese parents: its association with marital satisfaction and quality of life, and the role of dyadic coping
Authors: Novianti Langgersari Elsari , Purba Fredrick Dermawan , Karremans Johan C. , Agustiani Hendriati
Published: September 2024

In the past decade, the concept of dyadic coping as a buffer against stress in romantic relationships has received much attention in Western countries, but it has rarely been studied in non-Western countries and among parents with school-aged children. The aim of the present study was to investigate the moderating effect of dyadic coping on the link between financial strain and marital satisfaction, as well as the mediating effect of marital satisfaction on the relationship between financial strain and quality of life. There were 751 heterosexual couples whose eldest child aged 7–12 years in West Java, Indonesia (mean age husband = 37.53 SD = 5.09; mean age wife = 34.42 SD = 4.85) fulfilled the paper and pencil questionnaires in the study. The moderated mediated model illustrated that (1) greater levels of dyadic coping weakened the negative association between financial strain and marital satisfaction for husbands and for wives (2) for both husbands and wives, there were no mediation effect (3) for both husbands and wives, financial strain was negatively associated with quality of life; and marital satisfaction was positively associated with quality of life. We discuss both the theoretical and practical implications of these findings.
Exploring the role and mechanisms of environmental serious games in promoting pro-environmental decision-making: a focused literature review and future research agenda
Authors: Chen Jinsong , He Miao , Chen Jing , Zhang Chugong
Published: September 2024

Environmental serious games aim to heighten players’ awareness and comprehension of environmental issues, thus fostering pro-environmental decision-making. Research to date has affirmed these games’ effectiveness in enhancing environmental knowledge and abilities, elevating consciousness regarding environmental matters, and promoting pro-environmental behavioral intentions and actions. Nonetheless, a detailed exploration into the precise mechanisms facilitating these impacts remains scarce. Leveraging theories of motivation, cognition, affect, and behavior, this paper outlines four hypothesized mechanisms of influence and introduces an Embodied-Enactive Cognition Model as a novel perspective. It suggests that future research should expand its inquiry into the multifaceted factors that influence pro-environmental decision-making, deepen the comprehension of the intrinsic mechanisms at play, pioneer novel research methodologies, and diversify the array of categories and contextual applications of environmental serious games.
Photon-counting CT for forensic death investigations—a glance into the future of virtual autopsy
Authors: Gascho Dominic
Published: September 2024

This article explores the potential of photon-counting computed tomography (CT) in forensic medicine for a range of forensic applications. Photon-counting CT surpasses conventional CT in several key areas. It boasts superior spatial and contrast resolution, enhanced image quality at low x-ray energies, and spectral imaging capabilities that enable more precise material differentiation. These advantages translate to superior visualization of bone structures, foreign bodies, and soft tissues in postmortem examinations. The article discusses the technical principles of photon-counting CT detectors and highlights its potential applications in forensic imaging, including high-resolution virtual autopsies, pediatric forensic CT, trauma analysis, and bone density measurements. Furthermore, advancements in vascular imaging and soft tissue contrast promise to propel CT-based death investigations to an even more prominent role. The article concludes by emphasizing the immense potential of this new technology in forensic medicine and anthropology.
Regulation of developmentally controlled enhancer activity by extrinsic signals in normal and malignant cells: AP-1 at the centre
Authors: Maytum Alexander , Obier Nadine , Cauchy Pierre , Bonifer Constanze
Published: September 2024

The ability of cells to respond to external stimuli is one of the characteristics of life as we know it. Multicellular organisms have developed a huge machinery that interprets the cellular environment and instigates an appropriate cellular response by changing gene expression, metabolism, proliferation state and motility. Decades of research have studied the pathways transmitting the various signals within the cell. However, whilst we know most of the players, we know surprisingly little about the mechanistic details of how extrinsic signals are interpreted and integrated within the genome. In this article we revisit the long-standing debate of whether factors regulating cellular growth (cytokines) act in an instructive or permissive fashion on cell fate decisions. We touch upon this topic by highlighting the paradigm of AP-1 as one of the most important signaling-responsive transcription factor family and summarize our work and that of others to explain what is known about cytokine responsive cis-regulatory elements driving differential gene expression. We propose that cytokines and, by extension, multiple types of external signals are the main drivers of cell differentiation. They act via inducible transcription factors that transmit signaling processes to the genome and are essential for changing gene expression to drive transitions between gene regulatory networks. Importantly, inducible transcription factors cooperate with cell type specific factors within a pre-existing chromatin landscape and integrate multiple signaling pathways at specific enhancer elements, to both maintain and alter cellular identities. We also propose that signaling processes and signaling responsive transcription factors are at the heart of tumor development.
Visual place recognition from end-to-end semantic scene text features
Authors: Raisi Zobeir , Zelek John
Published: September 2024

We live in a visual world where text cues are abundant in urban environments. The premise for our work is for robots to capitalize on these text features for visual place recognition. A new technique is introduced that uses an end-to-end scene text detection and recognition technique to improve robot localization and mapping through Visual Place Recognition (VPR). This technique addresses several challenges such as arbitrary shaped text, illumination variation, and occlusion. The proposed model captures text strings and associated bounding boxes specifically designed for VPR tasks. The primary contribution of this work is the utilization of an end-to-end scene text spotting framework that can effectively capture irregular and occluded text in diverse environments. We conduct experimental evaluations on the Self-Collected TextPlace (SCTP) benchmark dataset, and our approach outperforms state-of-the-art methods in terms of precision and recall, which validates the effectiveness and potential of our proposed approach for VPR.
Intergroup contact, outgroup knowledge and advantaged group collective action: can who you know and what you know promote social change?
Authors: Ferry Caitlin , MacInnis Cara , Buliga Elena
Published: September 2024

Some groups in society unjustly hold greater social, economic, and political power over others, placing some groups in more advantaged and others in more disadvantaged positions. One way to challenge group-based inequality and promote social change is through collective action (e.g., protests, petitions, advocating). Most often, disadvantaged group members engage in collective action. However, when advantaged group members engage in solidarity-based collective action, it can heighten a movement's momentum. Four motivators of collective action among advantaged (and disadvantaged) group members have been identified: identification with the cause, anger about injustice, morality, and group efficacy. We examined what precedes these motivations regarding White Canadians' collective action benefitting Indigenous communities and White Americans' collective action benefitting Black communities. We examined two potential antecedents of advantaged group collective action motivation, intergroup contact and knowledge about the outgroup. In both samples, intergroup contact and knowledge of the outgroup were consistently indirectly associated with collective action through identification with the cause as well as through identification with the cause and anger about injustice. Of the multiple forms of intergroup contact and knowledge examined, the strongest associations were observed for higher quality contact and knowledge of systemic racism. These results have implications for both theory and intervention.
Understanding parental preference for childcare: a cross-sectional study in Chongqing, China
Authors: Liu Boya , Liu Lunxin , Xu Hong
Published: September 2024

This study analyzed the factors influencing childcare preference and the relationship between childcare preference and childcare service demand scale, using data collected from a questionnaire survey of 3,921 parents of infants and toddlers in Chongqing, China. The results indicate that parents with higher incomes, higher education levels, older ages, multiple infants, and dual-career living in urban areas have a stronger preference for childcare. In the shared or grandparent care model, the childcare preference is not obvious. Parents of infants tend to choose childcare institutions that provide reception services, early education, and convenience services. Higher quality environmental facilities tend to reduce the preference of parents for childcare.
Global trends of Pauwels type III femoral neck fractures: bibliometric analysis and visualized study
Authors: Wang Mengyu , Zhang Ze , Sun Fengpo , Zhu Yi , Han Ruining , Pei Zijie , He Zhaoshuo , Liu Junzhi , Wen Liangyuan
Published: September 2024

Background

Pauwels type III femoral neck fractures, as a serious type of femoral neck fractures, have brought about a heavy economic burden on families and society for the high disability rate. Through bibliometric research and visualized analysis, this study aimed at elucidating the global research status of Pauwels type III femoral neck fractures to date, and predicting the future research trends in this field.

Methods

Publications and associated information on Pauwels type III femoral neck fractures to date were retrieved from Web of Science Core Collection, and by VoSviewer and R package “bibliometrix”, bibliometric analysis and visual presentation was conducted.

Results

By retrieval, a total of 98 studies were refinedly extracted, and the volume of publications in this field increased year-over-year. China ranked first in terms of total publication volume and H-Index, with its total citation records second only to the United States. The country with the highest average citation frequency was Switzerland. SHANGHAI JIAO TONG UNIVERSITY was the most productive research institution. Among the authors in this field, Li, Jiantao had published the most researches. INJURY INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THE CARE OF THE INJURED and JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC TRAUMA were the two magazines with the highest publication volume, total citation records, and H-index. According to keywords co-occurrence analysis, the research content in the past 24 years is mainly divided into four different dimensions. Finite element analysis, femoral neck system, medial buttress plate, cannulated screws, hip screw, open reduction, complications are hot topics for future research.

Conclusions

According to the global trends analysis of publications production, Pauwels type III femoral neck fractures are receiving increasing attention and input from scholars. China has made the greatest scientific research contribution among countries, but its academic quality should be improved further. The modified therapeutic methods designed for addressing the complications of traditional internal fixation for Pauwels III femoral neck fractures will be the future research hotspot.
Aerodynamic Drag Coefficient Prediction of a Spike Blunt Body Based on K-Nearest Neighbors
Authors: Sánchez Muñoz Jonathan Arturo , Lagarza-Cortés Christian , Ramírez-Cruz Jorge
Published: September 2024

Spike blunt bodies are a method to reduce drag when a body moves at speeds above sound. Several numerical works based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) have deeply studied fluid performance and highlighted its advantages. However, most documentation focuses on modifying spike physical properties while keeping constant supersonic or hypersonic flow conditions. In recent years, machine learning models have emerged as viable tools to predict values in almost any field, including aerodynamics. In the case of CFD, many models have been explored, such as support vector regression, ensemble methods, and artificial neural networks. However, a simple and easy-to-implement method such as k-Nearest Neighbors has not been extensively explored. This work extrapoled k-Nearest Neighbors to predict the drag coefficient of a spike blunt body for a range of supersonic and hypersonic speeds based on drag data obtained from CFD analysis. The parametric study of the spike blunt body was performed considering body diameter, spike length, and freestream Mach number as input variables. The algorithm presents proper predictions, with errors less than 5% for the drag coefficient and considering a minimum of three neighbor nodes. The k-NN was compared again Kriging model and k-NN presents a better accuracy. The above validates the flexibility of the method and shows a new area of opportunity for the calculation of aerodynamic properties.
From Field to Model: Determining EROSION 3D Model Parameters for the Emerging Biomass Plant Silphium perfoliatum L. to Predict Effects on Water Erosion Processes
Authors: Koch Tobias , Aartsma Peter , Deumlich Detlef , Chifflard Peter , Panten Kerstin
Published: September 2024

The agricultural production of maize (Zea mays L.) increases the risk of water erosion. Perennial crops like cup plant (Silphium perfoliatum L.) offer a sustainable alternative to produce biomass for biogas plants. The assessment of soil conservation measures requires calibrated soil erosion models that spatially identify soil erosion processes. These support decision-making by farmers and policymakers. Input parameters for the physically based soil erosion model EROSION 3D for cup plant cultivation were established in a field study. Rainfall simulation experiments were conducted to determine the model input parameter’s skinfactor and surface roughness. The results showed a reduction of soil erosion and higher infiltration rates for cup plant resulting in higher skinfactors of 11.5 in June and 0.75 post-harvest (cup plant) compared to 1.2 in June and 0.21 post-harvest (maize). With the extended parameter catalogue of EROSION 3D for cup plant cultivation model simulations were conducted for a rainfall event in June (64 mm). The sediment budget would have been reduced by 92.6% through the growth of cup plant in comparison to conventionally grown maize. Perennial cup plant can, therefore, contribute to achieving the targets outlined in the European Green Deal by reducing soil erosion and enhancing soil health.
Using Pseudo-Color Maps and Machine Learning Methods to Estimate Long-Term Salinity of Soils
Authors: Mukhamediev Ravil I. , Terekhov Alexey , Amirgaliyev Yedilkhan , Popova Yelena , Malakhov Dmitry , Kuchin Yan , Sagatdinova Gulshat , Symagulov Adilkhan , Muhamedijeva Elena , Gricenko Pavel
Published: September 2024

Soil salinity assessment methods based on remote sensing data are a common topic of scientific research. However, the developed methods, as a rule, estimate relatively small areas of the land surface at certain moments of the season, tied to the timing of ground surveys. Considerable variability of weather conditions and the state of the earth surface makes it difficult to assess the salinity level with the help of remote sensing data and to verify it within a year. At the same time, the assessment of salinity on the basis of multiyear data allows reducing the level of seasonal fluctuations to a considerable extent and revealing the statistically stable characteristics of cultivated areas of land surface. Such an approach allows, in our opinion, the processes of mapping the salinity of large areas of cultivated lands to be automated considerably. The authors propose an approach to assess the salinization of cultivated and non-cultivated soils of arid zones on the basis of long-term averaged values of vegetation indices and salinity indices. This approach allows revealing the consistent relationships between the characteristics of spectral indices and salinization parameters. Based on this approach, this paper presents a mapping method including the use of multiyear data and machine learning algorithms to classify soil salinity levels in one of the regions of South Kazakhstan. Verification of the method was carried out by comparing the obtained salinity assessment with the expert data and the results of laboratory tests of soil samples. The percentage of “gross” errors of the method, in other words, errors when the predicted salinity class differs by more than one position compared to the actual one, is 22–28% (accuracy is 0.78–0.72). The obtained results allow recommending the developed method for the assessment of long-term trends of secondary salinization of irrigated arable land in arid areas.
Impact of Irrigation on Soil Water Balance and Salinity at the Boundaries of Cropland, Wasteland and Fishponds under a Cropland–Wasteland–Fishpond System
Authors: Yu Cuicui , Shi Haibin , Miao Qingfeng , Gonçalves José Manuel , Dou Xu , Hu Zhiyuan , Hou Cong , Zhao Yi , Zhang Hua
Published: September 2024

In order to explore the effect of fishponds on soil water, salt transport and salinization in cropland wasteland, a study on soil water balance and salt distribution pattern in a cropland–wasteland–fishpond system was carried out in 2022–2023 in a typical study area selected from the Yichang Irrigation Area of the Hetao Irrigation District. A water balance model was established for the cropland–wasteland–fishpond system to analyze the effects of irrigation on soil salinity at the boundaries of the cropland, wasteland, and fishpond. The results showed that the lateral recharge from the cropland to the wasteland during spring irrigation in 2022 was 24 mm, the lateral recharge generated by fishponds to wasteland was 18 mm, and the lateral recharge from fishponds to fishpond boundaries was 34 mm. In the fertility period of 2023, the lateral recharge from cropland to wasteland was 15 mm, the lateral recharge from fishponds to wasteland was 9 mm, and the lateral recharge from fishponds to fishpond boundaries was 21 mm. Due to the low salinity content of fishpond water, it diluted the groundwater of the wasteland, and the soil salinity at the boundary between the wasteland and the fishpond was monitored. The data show that the soil salinity at the boundary of the fishpond was smaller than that of the wasteland, which indicates that the migration of fishpond water to the wasteland will not lead to an increase in the soil salinity of the wasteland, but rather to a decrease in the soil salinity of the wasteland. Fishpond regulation has a significant impact on soil and groundwater, and when the topographic conditions of the Hetao irrigation area allow, the model of cropland–wasteland–fishpond can be appropriately adopted to solve land degradation and increase the economic income of farmers; the results of the study provide a contribution for the improvement of the management of land use and soil salinization in the Hetao irrigation area.
Surface-Coating Strategies of Si-Negative Electrode Materials in Lithium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Song Wonyoung , Chae Oh B.
Published: September 2024

Silicon (Si) is recognized as a promising candidate for next-generation lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) owing to its high theoretical specific capacity (~4200 mAh g−1), low working potential (<0.4 V vs. Li/Li+), and abundant reserves. However, several challenges, such as severe volumetric changes (>300%) during lithiation/delithiation, unstable solid–electrolyte interphase (SEI) formation, and inherently low electrical and ionic conductivity, impede its practical application. To mitigate these challenges, direct contact between the surface of the Si particle and the electrolyte must be prevented. In this review, we elucidated the surface coating strategies to enhance the electro–chemical performance of Si-based materials. We identified the impact of various coating methods and materials on the performance of Si electrodes. Furthermore, the integration of coating strategies with nanostructure design can effectively buffer Si electrode volume expansion and prevent direct contact with the electrolyte, thereby synergistically enhancing electrochemical performance. We highlight opportunities and perspectives for future research on Si-negative electrodes in LIBs, drawing on insights from previous studies.
Analysis of the Effect of Motor Waste Heat Recovery on the Temperature and Driving Range of Electric Heavy Truck Batteries
Authors: Song Zenghai , Li Shuhao , Wang Yan , Li Liguo , Hua Jianfeng , Lu Languang , Li Yalun , Wang Hewu , Shang Xuegang , Li Ruiping
Published: September 2024

In some scenarios, electric heavy-duty trucks with battery swapping mode (ETBSm) are more cost-effective than battery charging mode. The viability of battery swapping stations is contingent upon the operational requirements and range capabilities of the ETBSm. Low temperatures have the effect of reducing the range of the ETBSm, thereby creating difficulties for battery swapping. This article proposes the use of motor waste heat recovery (MWHR) to heat batteries, which would improve range. A number of subsystem models have been established, including the ETBSm, battery, motor, and thermal management system (TMS). The calibration of battery temperature and motor efficiency is achieved with a model error of less than 5%. Comparison of performance, such as temperature, energy consumption, and range, when using only positive temperature coefficient (PTC) heating and when using both PTC heating and motor waste heat. The results indicate a 15% increase in the rate of rise in battery temperature and a 10.64 kW·h reduction in energy consumption under Chinese heavy-duty vehicle commercial vehicle test cycle (CHTC) conditions. Then, the motor waste heat percentage, energy consumption, and range are analyzed at different ambient temperatures. At an ambient temperature of −20 °C, −10 °C, and 0 °C, the percentage of the motor waste heat is 32.1%, 35%, and 40.5%; when 75% of the state of charge (SOC) is consumed, the range is improved by 6.55%, 4.37%, and 4.49%. Additionally, the effect of the PTC heater on temperature characteristics and power consumption is investigated by changing the target temperature of the coolant at the battery inlet. In accordance with the stipulated conditions of an ambient temperature of −20 °C and a target coolant temperature of 40 °C at the battery inlet, the simulation results indicated a battery temperature rise rate of 0.85 °C/min, accompanied by a PTC power consumption of 15.6 kW·h. This study demonstrates that as the ambient temperature increases, the utilization of motor waste heat becomes more effective in reducing PTC heating power consumption. At the lowest ambient temperature tested, the greatest improvement in driving range is observed. It is important to note that while an increase in the target heating temperature of the PTC helps to raise the battery temperature more rapidly, this is accompanied by a higher energy consumption. This article provides a reference for the ETBSm with MWHR.
Chemerin Levels in COVID-19 Are More Affected by Underlying Diseases than by the Virus Infection Itself
Authors: Pavel Vlad , Amend Pablo , Schmidtner Niklas , Utrata Alexander , Birner Charlotte , Schmid Stephan , Krautbauer Sabrina , Müller Martina , Mester Patricia , Buechler Christa
Published: September 2024

Background/Objectives: Chemerin is an adipokine involved in inflammatory and metabolic diseases, and its circulating levels have been associated with inflammatory parameters in various patient cohorts. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, which causes COVID-19, triggers inflammatory pathways. However, the association between serum chemerin levels and COVID-19 disease severity and outcomes has not been definitively established. Methods: In this study, serum chemerin levels were analyzed in 64 patients with moderate COVID-19 and 60 patients with severe disease. Results: The results showed that serum chemerin levels were comparable between these two groups and slightly higher than in healthy controls. Notably, COVID-19 patients with hypertension exhibited elevated serum chemerin levels, while those with liver cirrhosis had lower levels. When patients with these comorbidities were excluded from the analyses, serum chemerin levels in COVID-19 patients were similar to those in healthy controls. Positive correlations were observed between serum chemerin levels and markers such as alkaline phosphatase, C-reactive protein, eosinophils, and lymphocytes in the entire cohort, as well as in the subgroup excluding patients with hypertension and cirrhosis. Additionally, urinary chemerin levels were comparable between COVID-19 patients and controls, and neither hypertension nor dialysis significantly affected urinary chemerin levels. Both survivors and non-survivors had similar serum and urinary chemerin levels. Conclusions: In conclusion, this study suggests that comorbidities such as arterial hypertension and liver cirrhosis do have a more significant impact on serum chemerin levels than SARS-CoV-2 infection itself.
Shotgun Analysis of Gut Microbiota with Body Composition and Lipid Characteristics in Crohn’s Disease
Authors: Bacsur Péter , Resál Tamás , Farkas Bernadett , Jójárt Boldizsár , Gyuris Zoltán , Jaksa Gábor , Pintér Lajos , Takács Bertalan , Pál Sára , Gácser Attila , Szántó Kata Judit , Rutka Mariann , Bor Renáta , Fábián Anna , Farkas Klaudia , Maléth József , Szepes Zoltán , Molnár Tamás , Bálint Anita
Published: September 2024

Alterations to intestinal microbiota are assumed to occur in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This study aims to analyze the association of fecal microbiota composition, body composition, and lipid characteristics in patients with Crohn’s disease (CD). In our cross-sectional study, patients with CD were enrolled and blood and fecal samples were collected. Clinical and endoscopic disease activity and body composition were assessed and laboratory tests were made. Fecal bacterial composition was analyzed using the shotgun method. Microbiota alterations based on obesity, lipid parameters, and disease characteristics were analyzed. In this study, 27 patients with CD were analyzed, of which 37.0% were obese based on visceral fat area (VFA). Beta diversities were higher in non-obese patients (p < 0.001), but relative abundances did not differ. C. innocuum had a higher abundance at a high cholesterol level than Bacillota (p = 0.001, p = 0.0034). Adlercreutzia, B. longum, and Blautia alterations were correlated with triglyceride levels. Higher Clostridia (p = 0.009) and B. schinkii (p = 0.032) and lower Lactobacillus (p = 0.035) were connected to high VFA. Disease activity was coupled with dysbiotic elements. Microbiota alterations in obesity highlight the importance of gut microbiota in diseases with a similar inflammatory background and project therapeutic options.
Omega-3 Fatty Acids Modify Drp1 Expression and Activate the PINK1-Dependent Mitophagy Pathway in the Kidney and Heart of Adenine-Induced Uremic Rats
Authors: Choi Dong Ho , Lee Su Mi , Park Bin Na , Lee Mi Hwa , Yang Dong Eun , Son Young Ki , Kim Seong Eun , An Won Suk
Published: September 2024

Mitochondrial homeostasis is controlled by biogenesis, dynamics, and mitophagy. Mitochondrial dysfunction plays a central role in cardiovascular and renal disease and omega-3 fatty acids (FAs) are beneficial for cardiovascular disease. We investigated whether omega-3 fatty acids (FAs) regulate mitochondrial biogenesis, dynamics, and mitophagy in the kidney and heart of adenine-induced uremic rats. Eighteen male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into normal control, adenine control, and adenine with omega-3 FA groups. Using Western blot analysis, the kidney and heart expression of mitochondrial homeostasis-related molecules, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 alpha (PGC-1α), dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1), and phosphatase and tensin homolog-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1) were investigated. Compared to normal, serum creatinine and heart weight/body weight in adenine control were increased and slightly improved in the omega-3 FA group. Compared to the normal controls, the expression of PGC-1α and PINK1 in the kidney and heart of the adenine group was downregulated, which was reversed after omega-3 FA supplementation. Drp1 was upregulated in the kidney but downregulated in the heart in the adenine group. Drp1 expression in the heart recovered in the omega-3 FA group. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) was decreased in the kidney and heart of the adenine control group but the mtDNA of the heart was recovered in the omega-3 FA group. Drp1, which is related to mitochondrial fission, may function oppositely in the uremic kidney and heart. Omega-3 FAs may be beneficial for mitochondrial homeostasis by activating mitochondrial biogenesis and PINK1-dependent mitophagy in the kidney and heart of uremic rats.
Cancer Stem Cells in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Narrative Review on Experimental Characteristics and Methodological Challenges
Authors: Acharya Surendra Kumar , Shai Saptarsi , Choon Yee Fan , Gunardi Indrayadi , Hartanto Firstine Kelsi , Kadir Kathreena , Roychoudhury Ajoy , Amtha Rahmi , Vincent-Chong Vui King
Published: September 2024

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) represent a subpopulation of cancer cells that are believed to initiate and drive cancer progression. In animal models, xenotransplanted CSCs have demonstrated the ability to produce tumors. Since their initial isolation in blood cancers, CSCs have been identified in various solid human cancers, including oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). In addition to their tumorigenic properties, dysregulated stem-cell-related signaling pathways—Wnt family member (Wnt), neurogenic locus notch homolog protein (Notch), and hedgehog—have been shown to endow CSCs with characteristics like self-renewal, phenotypic plasticity, and chemoresistance, contributing to recurrence and treatment failure. Consequently, CSCs have become targets for new therapeutic agents, with some currently in different phases of clinical trials. Notably, small molecule inhibitors of the hedgehog signaling pathway, such as vismodegib and glasdegib, have been approved for the treatment of basal cell carcinoma and acute myeloid leukemia, respectively. Other strategies for eradicating CSCs include natural compounds, nano-drug delivery systems, targeting mitochondria and the CSC microenvironment, autophagy, hyperthermia, and immunotherapy. Despite the extensive documentation of CSCs in OSCC since its first demonstration in head and neck (HN) SCC in 2007, none of these novel pharmacological approaches have yet entered clinical trials for OSCC patients. This narrative review summarizes the in vivo and in vitro evidence of CSCs and CSC-related signaling pathways in OSCC, highlighting their role in promoting chemoresistance and immunotherapy resistance. Additionally, it addresses methodological challenges and discusses future research directions to improve experimental systems and advance CSC studies.
Research on the Deformation Control Measures during the Construction Period of Super High-Rise Buildings with an Asymmetric Plan
Authors: Wang Hua-Ping , Xiao Yi-Qing
Published: September 2024

Based on the Guangzhou Business Center project, a typical super high-rise building with an asymmetric plan, taking the construction speed, closure time of mega braces and belt trusses as influencing factors, a parametric analysis on its lateral and vertical deformations, as well as the maximum stress of key structural members was conducted. The analysis results indicated that the construction speed had a relatively small impact on the deformation and the maximum stress of key members. However, synchronous closure of belt truss compared with the delayed closure would result in smaller horizontal and vertical deformation differences, as well as the stress of belt truss. Meanwhile, the closure timing of the mega braces had little influence on the vertical deformation difference and the stress of belt truss. And the earlier the closure, the smaller the horizontal drift ratio, the greater the maximum stress of the mega braces. Further, deformation control measurements were brought forward. On the one hand, FEM simulation was carried out according to the above construction suggestions. On the other hand, real-time monitoring was also used. Finally, by comparing both results, proposed construction deformation control measures and simulation methods were verified.
O2-Sensitive Inks for Measuring Total (Aerobic) Viable Count Using Micro-Respirometry
Authors: Cross Sean , Yusufu Dilidaer , O’Rourke Christopher , Mills Andrew
Published: September 2024

The popular method of micro-respirometry (μR) for measuring total viable (aerobic) count (TVC) utilises luminescence-based O2 sensors that are difficult to fabricate and therefore expensive. A simple method is described for making inexpensive, ink-based potential substitutes that utilise the same O2-sensitive dyes. The sensitivity of such inks is readily increased by using dyes with a long lifetime in the absence of O2, τo, and/or an ink resin/polymer with a high O2 permeability, Pm(O2). Response modelling of the μR-based TVC system and subsequent testing using a range of O2 sensors of different sensitivity show that there is little to be gained by making the O2 sensor either very sensitive or insensitive, and that the best O2 sensors are dyes such as Pt(II) tetraphenyltetrabenzoporphyrin (PtBP), with τo = ca. 40–50 μs. Further work shows that a simple-to-make PtBP ink can be used as a direct replacement for the expensive O2 sensor used in commercial instruments for measuring TVC based on μR. In addition, the PtBP can be replaced by an even less expensive O2-sensitive dye, Pt(II) meso-tetra(pentafluorophenyl)porphyrin (PtTFPP). The potential use of inexpensive O2-sensitive inks as an alternative to any expensive commercial counterpart based on the same O2-sensitive dye is discussed briefly.
Effects of Maize–Lablab Intercropping and Lactic Acid Bacteria Additives on Forage Yield, Fermentation Quality and Profitability
Authors: Li Dongsheng , Ren Hongyang , Zheng Linfeng , Hou Yue , Wang Hongliang
Published: September 2024

Intercropping systems and exogenous microorganism additives are recognized for their potential to influence silage fermentation and quality. This study aims to evaluate the impacts of maize–lablab bean intercropping and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) additives on silage yield, nutritional quality, and economic profitability. A randomized block design was employed with two cropping patterns—maize monocrop (M) and maize–lablab intercrop (ML)—and five additive treatments: No additives (CK), and varying ratios of Lactobacillus Plantarum (LP) and Lactobacillus Buchneri (LB), T1 (100% LP), T2 (9LP:LB), T3 (8LP:2LB), and T4 (100% LB). The silage was analyzed and evaluated for its nutritional quality, fermentation quality, and fermentation effect after 90 days of fermentation. ML intercropping significantly enhanced the fresh matter yields by 8.59% and crude protein content by 8.73% compared to M. From the point of view of inoculation with different lactobacilli, the pH, AA, and NH3-N/TN were lower in the T2 and T3 treatments than in the other treatments, while LA was significantly higher. The V-score, which reflects the overall fermentation quality, was excellent across all treatments, with scores exceeding 80 points; the T2 treatment in ML silage achieved the highest score of 99.58. In addition, intercropping can increase the net income of farmers by 21.67%. In conclusion, maize–lablab intercropping combined with LAB inoculation, particularly with the T2 and T3 treatments, significantly enhances the silage quality and economic returns by reducing pH, increasing the LA content, and improving the CP levels. This study is the first to comprehensively analyze the synergistic effects of altering cropping systems and adding functional microorganisms on forage yield and fermentation quality, offering strategic insights for farms, especially mixed farms, to produce high-quality feed. We recommend adopting these methods to improve feed quality and maximize the profitability of silage production systems.
Changes of Antioxidant and Functional Components in Various Salt-Aged and Fresh Radishes after Fermentation
Authors: Wang Chih-Feng , Huang Cui-Rou , Lu Ying-Chen
Published: September 2024

Many studies have found that salted radishes offer various health benefits, such as enhancing antioxidant levels and increasing GABA. This study fermented a mixture of 20-year-old salted radishes (20-S. radishes), 2-year-old salted radishes (2-S. radishes), 20-year-old salted radishes combined with fresh radishes (R + 20-radishes), and fresh radishes with eight whole grains fermentation as a starter (EGS) for 8 weeks. EGS was derived from the saccharified fermentation of millet, wheat, sorghum, black rice, buckwheat, pearled rice, black glutinous rice, and quinoa, serving as a carbon source for microorganisms and replacing the traditional sugar-based fermentation method. During the fermentation process, the bacterial count of the 20-year-old salted radishes significantly increased to 11.08 ± 0.03 log CFU/mL, which was much higher than the other three groups. Pichia manshurica LYC1722 was identified in all four groups after isolation. After 8 weeks of fermentation, 20-S. radishes showed the highest concentrations of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glucuronic acid in functional components, at 18.40 ± 0.69 ppm and 14,162.84 ± 48.22 ppm, respectively. In terms of antioxidant components, 20-S. radishes exhibited a total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) of 0.81 ± 0.01 mg/mL and 42.78 ± 0.60 mg/L, respectively. Regarding antioxidant capability, 20-S. radishes displayed ABTS radical scavenging activity and DPPH radical scavenging activity at 184.42 ± 0.28 μg/mL and 9.13 ± 0.28 μg/mL, respectively. These values were the highest among the four groups evaluated. Fresh radishes exhibited the highest angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition after fermentation among the four groups, reaching 69.04 ± 2.82%, slightly higher than 20-S. radishes. These results show that 20-S. radishes are expected to become a novel health beverage in the future.