bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Direkt ve indirekt kompozit yüzeylere metal braketlerin bağlanma dayanıklılığının değerlendirilmesi
Authors: DENİZ Mehmet , ERDUR Emire Aybüke , AKIN Mehmet
Published: August 2020

Amaç: Bu çalışmada, farklı kompozit yüzeylere (direct ve indirekt) uygulanan farklı pürüzlendirme yöntemlerinin yüzeyde oluşturduğu pürüzlülük ve metal braketlerin bağlanma dayanıklılığı üzerine olan etkisi değerlendirilmiştir. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışmamızda direkt ve indirekt olmak üzere 2 farklı tipte kompozit diskler ve çekilmiş alt keser dişleri kullanıldı. Kompozit grupları oluşturmak amacıyla direkt ve indirek kompozitin her birinden 60 adet olmak üzere toplamda 120 örnek disk hazırlandı ve bu gruplara 15 adet alt keser diş örneği olan kontrol grubu eklendi. Kompozit diskler uygulanacak farklı pürüzlendirme yöntemlerine göre her grupta 15 örnek olacak şekilde, 4 alt gruba ayrıldı. Bu gruplar; ortofosforik (OF) asit, kumlama, frezle pürüzlendirme yapılan ve hiçbir işlem uygulanmayan kontrol grubu olarak belirlendi. Diş yüzeylerine OF asit uygulandı. Bütün kompozit disklerin pürüzlülüğü profilometre cihazı ile yüzeyler pürüzlendirilmeden önce ve sonra ölçüldü. Braketler yapıştırıldıktan sonra, termal siklus uygulanan yüzeyler, makaslama testine tabi tutuldu. Yüzeyde oluşan değişiklikler stereomikroskop ve tarayıcı elektron mikroskobu (SEM) ile incelendi. İstatiksel değerlendirme için, iki yönlü varyans analizi (ANOVA), Tukey HSD ve Wilcoxon signed rank testleri kullanıldı. Bulgular: Kumlama ile pürüzlendirilen direkt kompozit gruplarında pürüzlülük değerlerinin, indirekt gruptaki değerlerden anlamlı derecede daha düşük bulunurken diğer pürüzlendirme yöntemleri (OF asit, frez) için direkt ve indirekt kompozit tipleri arasında istatiksel olarak fark bulunamadı (p>0.05). Frez yöntemi, hem bağlanma dayanımı, hem de pürüzlülük değerlerinde en yüksek sonuçları gösterdi (p <0.05). SEM yüzey analizi de bu bulguları destekledi. Sonuç: İn-vitro olarak yapılan çalışmamızın sonuçları, frez uygulamasının ortodontide kompozit yüzeyleri pürüzlendirmede etkili ve güvenilir bir yöntem olduğunu gösterdi.
Diagnosis Codes and Case Definitions for Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome
Authors: Elmore Amanda L. , Tanner Jean Paul , Lowry Joseph , Lake-Burger Heather , Kirby Russell S. , Hudak Mark L. , Sappenfield William M. , Salemi Jason L.
Published: August 2020

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

The increase in neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) has underscored the need for NAS surveillance programs, but many rely on passive surveillance using unverified diagnosis codes. Few studies have evaluated the validity of these codes, and no study has assessed the recently proposed Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists (CSTE) case definition. The Florida Birth Defects Registry investigated the accuracy of International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision, Clinical Modification codes related to NAS (P96.1 and P04.49) and assessed the sensitivity of the CSTE case definition.

METHODS:

We identified a sample of infants born during 2016 coded with P96.1 and/or P04.49. Record review was completed for 128 cases coded with P96.1, 68 with P04.49, and 7 with both codes. Lacking consensus regarding a gold standard definition of NAS, we used clinical data to classify each case using the Florida and CSTE definitions. The code-specific accuracy was measured by using the positive predictive value (PPV). The clinical characteristics indicative of NAS were compared for case classification based on both definitions.

RESULTS:

By using the Florida definition, the overall PPV was 68% but varied by code: 95.3% for P96.1 and 13.2% for P04.49. The overall (47.8%) and code-specific PPVs were lower by using the CSTE definition. Comparison of clinical characteristics demonstrated that 60.7% of cases classified as no NAS by using the CSTE definition had robust clinical signs of NAS. In our sample, the CSTE case definition underestimated NAS prevalence.

CONCLUSIONS:

Only the P96.1 International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision, Clinical Modification code displayed high accuracy. Discordance in NAS case definitions and surveillance methodologies may result in erroneous comparisons and conclusions that negatively impact NAS-related surveillance and research.
Comportamiento ante el desgaste por deslizamiento en seco del acero inoxidable súper dúplex en un tribómetro bola sobre anillo
Authors: Romero Contreras Jorge Emir , Cabello Sequera Sandra Bavieska
Published: August 2020

En el presente trabajo se realiza la caracterización del comportamiento ante el desgaste por deslizamiento en seco de un acero inoxidable súper dúplex. Los ensayos fueron desarrollados en un tribómetro tipo bola sobre anillo. Como material del anillo se empleó el acero inoxidable dúplex tipo SAF 2507 sin tratamiento térmico y como material para la bola se usó el acero AISI 52100. Los ensayos se realizaron sin lubricante en condiciones de ambiente (aire), temperatura y humedad estándar de laboratorio. Los parámetros seleccionados, a fin de estudiar sus efectos en el coeficiente desgaste por deslizamiento, fueron: velocidad de deslizamiento (0,9 m/s  y 2 m/s),  carga normal  (9 N, 19 N y 29 N) y distancias de deslizamiento (500 m, 1000 m y 2000 m). Se empleó un diseño experimental de Taguchi con nueve tratamientos y dos réplicas. En la caracterización del acero SAF 2507 se obtuvo valores del coeficiente de desgaste en el intervalo desde 0,19588 x 10-12 m2/N hasta 0,72381 x 10-12 m2/N, para las condiciones evaluadas. El factor que más afecta el coeficiente de desgaste es la velocidad de deslizamiento. El mecanismo de desgaste identificado para el SAF 2507 es de adhesión y delaminación de alta velocidad.
Aislamiento e identificación de microorganismos potencialmente amilolíticos y celulolíticos de suelos de humedales de Bogotá
Authors: Sánchez Castelblanco Etna Milena , Heredia Martín Juan Pablo , Buitrago Morales Sonia Marcela , Medina Rodríguez Juan Pablo
Published: August 2020

Las amilasas y celulasas de origen microbiano se han utilizado desde hace más de tres décadas en la industria; el aislamiento de cepas microbianas nativas productoras de enzimas es el punto de partida para aprovechar la biodiversidad microbiana para la obtención de enzimas con propiedades para la obtención de nuevos productos en la optimización de procesos industriales. El objetivo de este trabajo, fue aislar, a partir de suelo de cinco humedales en Bogotá, cepas microbianas con capacidad para producir enzimas amilolíticas y celulolíticas. Se realizó la medición de halos de hidrólisis en agar almidón y agar carboximetilcelulosa. Se determinaron las unidades enzimáticas (U/ml/min) por medio de azúcares reductores por la técnica de DNS. Se seleccionaron cuatro cepas de Bacillus subtillis amiloliquefaciens productoras de amilasas con actividades entre 752±33 y 480 ± 35 U/ml/min a 60ºC y cinco cepas celulolíticas identificadas como Bacillus subtillis amiloliquefaciens, Stenotrophomonas nitritireducens y Yersinia massiliensis, capaces de producir celulasas con actividades enzimáticas entre 19.11 ± 2.3 y 13.82 ± 2.5 UA/ml/min a 50ºC. Con estos resultados se demostró que a partir de suelos de humedales, se pueden recuperar microrganismos con capacidad de producción enzimática, como punto de partida para una posterior aplicación en procesos industriales.
La tecnología doble haploide en el mejoramiento genético de frutas exóticas: uchuva, Physalis peruviana L., como estudio de caso
Authors: Núñez Zarantes Víctor Manuel
Published: August 2020

Milenariamente los agricultores han seleccionado de manera empírica el material de siembra de sus cultivos. Recientemente, de manera sistemática y con base en conocimiento teórico y práctico, los científicos, durante décadas, han venido produciendo variedades, híbridos y clones en todas las especies comerciales comestibles y no comestibles que existen hoy en día. Estos procesos se enmarcan en el mejoramiento genético de plantas (Fitomejoramiento), que a través del tiempo sigue evolucionando, como resultado de la aparición e integración de nuevas tecnologías para lograr procesos más rápidos, más eficientes y menos costosos.
The examination of Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test performance of young soccer players at different playing positions
Authors: Bayrakdaroğlu Serdar , Arı Erdal , Özkamçı Hüseyin , Can İbrahim
Published: August 2020

Background and Study Aim. The aerobic fitness in soccer is an important performance component. The aerobic endurance level of players may positively effect performance of critical match activities. The examination of Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test (YYIRT) performance of young soccer players at different playing positions was aimed in this study.

Material and Methods. The research group was consisted of 75 young soccer players playing at U-21 category of professional soccer teams at different leagues. The soccer players at 5 different playing positions participated in study voluntarily (centerback: n=15, fullback: midfielder: n=15, winger: n=15, forward: n=15). The YYIRT (level 1) was performed for determination aerobic endurance parameters (covered distance during test, maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max) and maximal aerobic speed (MAS) of players. The one-way ANOVA analysis was used for comparison between playing positions of YYIRT parameters.

Results. It was determined that difference between YYIRT parameters of players at different playing positions was non-significant (p>0.05). However, the midfielders covered more distance (2425,33±440,42 m) than forward (2146,67±339,64 m), winger (2137,33±615,18 m), fullback (2056,00±512,43 m) and centerback (1960,00±313,51 m) players. The positional requirements of midfielders may be decisive on covered distance during YYIRT.

Conclusions. Consequently, it may be said that the young soccer players at different playing positions had similar YYIRT performance and the playing position effect on YYIRT performance could vary depending on league level and individual features of players.
Comparative characteristics of morphological features
Authors: Kolokoltsev Mikhail , Kuznetsova Larisa , Jagiello Wladyslaw , Romanova Elena
Published: August 2020

Background and Study Aim. The purpose of the study is to give a comparative description of the somatotypes, anatomical components of the body, and motor qualities of female students studied at the university (Irkutsk, Russia) in 2009 and 2019. Material and methods. It was conducted the survey and somatotypological diagnosis of 1226 female students (in 2009 – n = 762; in 2019 – n = 464) on 27 anthropometric parameters. It was measured: Pinier index; the average value of the absolute and percentage of the bone component of the body (BC), the fat component of the body (FC), and muscle component of the body (MC). The following indicators were evaluated by motor tests: speed endurance and agility; speed; speed and strength endurance of the trunk flexor muscles; strength and endurance of the shoulder girdle muscles; dynamic strength of the lower limb muscles; active flexibility of the spine; overall endurance. Results. In 2019, compared to 2009, there was observed: a decrease (by 19.6%) in the number of normosthenic females; an increase in the number of hypersthenics (by 70.9%), and asthenics (by 27.4%); body weight gain; decrease in body length. The values of the following indicators significantly decreased in 2019: the trunk length, upper and lower limbs; chest circumference. There was a decrease in the average values of body circumference; shoulder width. It was observed an increase in pelvic width. In 2019, compared to 2009, the following indicators were determined in females of all somatotypes: a significant increase in body fat content and a decrease in muscle mass (p <0.05). As a result, the strength of the hands' dynamometry decreased. After 10 years, the bone component in the females’ body has not changed. Conclusions. The obtained data indicate a deterioration in all motor skills of females surveyed in 2019, compared to 2009. This is a consequence of the growing hypodynamics of modern youth. The obtained results of surveys expand the database of anthropometric and motor parameters of the young generation of Russia. This data can be used in planning training and coaching activities in educational and sports organizations.
II. Meşrutiyet Dönemi Memuriyet Sınavları: Evrak Yöneticilerinde Aranan Özellikler
Authors: Yılmaz Şentürk Elif
Published: August 2020

Belge yönetimi ve belge yöneticisi kavramları, Osmanlı Devleti’nde bu isimlerle anılmasalar da günümüzdeki kadar önemliydi. Osmanlı bürokrasisinde, mülâzım, evrak memuru, mübeyyiz gibi isimlerle görev yapan belge yöneticilerinin ileri düzeyde meslekî bilgi ve birikime sahip olmaları bekleniyordu. Örneğin, II. Meşrutiyet Dönemi’nde, yeni alınacak memurların yetkinliklerini sınamak amacıyla memuriyet sınavları yapılıyor, yetkin olmayanlar tespit edilip eleniyordu. Bu çalışmada, 1911 yılının Ağustos ayında yapılan bir memuriyet sınavının sorularıyla, sınava giren memur adaylarının cevapları, belge yönetimi açısından değerlendirilmiştir. Söz konusu sorular ve cevaplar ışığında bir asır önce belge yöneticilerinde aranan meslekî bilgi ve birikimin ne olduğu sorusunun cevabı aranmıştır.

Bu çalışma, Osmanlı Devleti’nde belge yöneticilerinde aranan nitelikleri bir sınav evrakı üzerinden ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır. Çalışmada belgesel tarama yöntemi kullanılarak, Başbakanlık Osmanlı Arşivi kataloğunda tespit edilen belgeler transkribe edilerek, elde edilen veriler belge yönetimi açısından analiz edilmiştir.
On the class of $k$-quasi-$(n,m)$-power normal operators
Authors: AHMAD Naeem , OULD AHMED MAHMOUD Sid Ahmed
Published: August 2020

We introduce a family of operators called the family of $k$-quasi-$(n,m)$-power normal operators. Such family includes normal, $n$-normal and $(n,m)$-power normal operators. An operator $T \in {\mathcal B}({\mathcal H})$ is said to be $k$-quasi-$(n,m)$-power normal if it satisfies $$T^{*k}\bigg(T^nT^{*m}-T^{*m}T^n\bigg)T^k=0,$$ where $k,n$ and $m$ are natural numbers. Firstly, some basic structural properties of this family of operators are established with the help of special kind of operator matrix representation associated with such family of operators. Secondly, some properties of\linebreak algebraically $k$-quasi-$(n,m)$-power normal operators are discussed. Thirdly, we consider the study of tensor products of $k$-quasi-$(n,m)$-power normal operators. A necessary and sufficient condition for $T\otimes S$ to be a $k$-quasi-$(n,m)$-power normal is given, when $T \neq0$ and $S\neq0$.
MAGNETIC RESONANCE TOMOGRAPHY IN SLEEP APNEA SYNDROME DIAGNOSTICS
Authors: Shariya M. A. , Butorova E. A. , Litvin A. Yu. , Ustyuzhanin D. V. , Elfimova Е. М. , Gorieva Sh. B. , Ternovoy S. K. , Chazova I. E.
Published: August 2020

Aim. To study the specifics of soft tissues surrounding upper airways (STSUA) structure using magnetic resonance tomography (MRI) in patients with obesity and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). Material and methods. Totally 40 men studied with the mean age 44,7±9,6 y. Of those 20 had obesity of I-II grade — with body mass index (BMI) 35,1±3,4 кг/м2 and severe OSAS (apnea-hypopnea index — AHI — was 53,4±15,7). Controls consisted of 20 persons without obesity — BMI 23,8±1,3 kg/m2 . Assessment of upper airways was performed on Philips Achieva 3.0T tomograph. We measured the volumes of soft palate (VSP), tongue (VT), lateral pharyngeal walls (VLPW) and the squares of maximum upper airways narrowing (SMUAN) at retropharyngeal (RP) and retroglossal (RG) levels. Results. In obese patients with OSAS we found higher values of TV — 70,5±12,4 vs 45,0±5,7 cm3 , VSP — 7,5±1,7 vs 3,5±0,7 cm3 , VLPW at the level of RP — 11,7±4,1 vs 3,2±0,8 cm3 , VLPW at the level of RG — 10,4±2,8vs 3,1±8,4 cm3 and lower values of SMUAN at the level of RP — 6,3±3,5 vs 14,0±3,8 cm2 , as RG — 19,3±7,5 vs 27,0±5,0 mm2 . All differences were statistically significant (p<0,001). Conclusion. MRI can be successfully applied for the evaluation of STSUA parameters of upper airways openness.
Evaluation of eight protocols for genomic DNA extraction of Hypostomus commersoni Valenciennes, 1836 (Loricariidae: Siluriformes)
Authors: Mezzomo P. , Mielniczki-Pereira A. A. , Sausen T. L. , Marinho J. R. , Cansian R. L.
Published: August 2020

Abstract The principle and the techniques applied in DNA extraction play a pivotal role in the obtention of a purified genetic material. The present study investigates the efficiency of eight protocols in the DNA extraction of Hypostomus commersoni, an essential component of South American freshwater ichthyofauna. The quality of samples was assessed through spectrophotometry, gel electrophoresis, and PCR-RAPD markers amplification. The efficiency of DNA extraction was influenced both by the method applied and the target-tissue of choice. Higher concentrations and yield of DNA were obtained from ocular tissue, with a positive spectrum of incubation in lysis buffer for up to 36 hours after sample collection, using fresh tissues and in the presence of a high concentration of Proteinase K (20 mg.ml-1). In these conditions, samples were successfully amplified. To date, there is no record of description for the parameters analyzed in this work, neither the description of RAPD markers for the species H. commersoni.
VARIABLES INVOLVED IN THE MANAGEMENT OF SCHOOL BULLYING: A BAYESIAN NETWORK ANALYSIS
Authors: Bitencourt Mariá Romanio , Hizukuri Tatiana Sayuri , Bitencourt Marcos Rogério , Alarcão Ana Carolina Jacinto , Carvalho Elias César Araújo de , Andrade Luciano de , Pelloso Sandra Marisa , Carvalho Maria Dalva de Barros
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the management of bullying by the managers of elementary schools. Methods: Descriptive, exploratory research carried out through semi-structured interviews with 17 school counselors from a city in the South of Brazil, randomly selected from different geographical sectors. The interviews were recorded with participants’ consent and, after transcription and checking, were discarded. The interviews covered the following subjects: sociodemographic characterization of subjects, school functioning, comprehension, recognition and management of bullying cases by counselors. Data analysis was performed using the Bayesian network associated with content analysis. Results: The majority of subjects were females, between 30 and 50 years old. Fifteen subjects were graduated in pedagogy, and all had postgraduate degrees. Most of them worked as counselor for less than three years. Only two subjects, between 30 and 50 years old, understood the term bullying. Case recognition was lower in this age group. Having a degree influenced positively the recognition of bullying. The higher the number of students in the school, the lower the recognition of cases by managers. All subjects managed cases by addressing children, families, staff, and involving professionals and support groups. Conclusions: The understanding and recognition of bullying was given by a few interviewees. All managers reported similar management actions in the cases. Given the scarcity of studies on bullying management in schools, more studies in this area could improve the approach of cases and contribute to their reduction.
ADVERSE EVENTS RELATED TO MECHANICAL VENTILATION IN A PEDIATRIC INTENSIVE CARE UNIT
Authors: Martins Lana dos Santos , Ferreira Alexandre Rodrigues , Kakehasi Fabiana Maria
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify the prevalence and factors associated with adverse events (AE) related to invasive mechanical ventilation in patients admitted to the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) of a tertiary public hospital. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study from July 2016 to June 2018, with data collected throughout patients’ routine care in the unit by the care team. Demographic, clinical and ventilatory characteristics and adverse events were analysed. The logistic regression model was used for multivariate analysis regarding the factors associated with AE. Results: Three hundred and six patients were included, with a total ventilation time of 2,155 days. Adverse events occurred in 66 patients (21.6%), and in 11 of those (16.7%) two AE occurred, totalling 77 events (36 AE per 1000 days of ventilation). The most common AE was post-extubation stridor (25.9%), followed by unplanned extubation (16.9%). Episodes occurred predominantly in the afternoon shift (49.3%) and associated with mild damage (54.6%). Multivariate analysis showed a higher occurrence of AE associated with length of stay of 7 days or more (Odds Ratio [OR]=2.6; 95% confidence interval [95%CI] 1.49-4.66; p=0.001). Conclusions: The results of the present study show a significant number of preventable adverse events, especially stridor after extubation and accidental extubation. The higher frequency of these events is associated with longer hospitalization.
Palliative Renal Care and the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Santos Cássia Gomes da Silveira , Tavares Alze Pereira dos Santos , Tzanno-Martins Carmen , Barros Neto José , Silva Ana Maria Misael da , Lotaif Leda , Souza Jonathan Vinicius Lourenço
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT Introduction Palliative care is an approach aimed at relieving suffering, controlling symptoms and seeking to improve quality of life. It must be offered in conjunction with standard treatment for any disease that threatens the continuation of life, such as a Covid-19 infection. Discussion The bioethical principles and strategies used by palliative medicine can assist nephrologists in the care of patients with renal dysfunction, who face the difficulties of isolation at the beginning and follow-up of dialysis in outpatient treatment, and those who are at risk for a more serious disease progress. Some of them: - a Shared decision making, which enables the patient and family to participate as facilitators in the systematization of the team’s reasoning, in addition to respecting the principle of autonomy; - Symptom Management: which should be a priority to ensure relief of suffering even in times of social isolation; - Communication skills: making it possible to alleviate suffering in announcing bad news or complex decisions through communication techniques;; - Bereavement assistance: which in acute situations such as the pandemic, causing unexpected losses, the importance of sympathy from healthcare professionals becomes even greater. Conclusion The principles of palliative care are essential to face the challenges of a planet-wide crisis, which raises human suffering in all dimensions, and which requires the construction of strategies that can keep patients assisted, comfortable and with measures proportional to their clinical condition and preferences.
Epidemiologia da COVID-19 em Uberlândia (MG): análise preliminar do impacto do grau de abertura comercial em diferentes momentos da pandemia
Authors: Rosa Maria Fernanda Prado , Silva William Nicoleti Turazza da , Carvalho Wellington Roberto Gomes de , Oliveira Stefan Vilges de
Published: August 2020

Introdução: O impacto econômico causado pela pandemia da COVID-19 e a paralisação de diversas atividades comerciais é grande. No Brasil, debate-se a necessidade de adoção de períodos de maior flexibilização nas medidas de isolamento social, visando garantir movimentação econômica no país. Para que isso seja possível, torna-se indispensável a atuação efetiva da Vigilância Epidemiológica. Objetivo: Analisar os dados epidemiológicos da COVID-19 em Uberlândia e confrontá-los com as determinações municipais de abertura e fechamento comerciais em diferentes momentos da pandemia. Metodologia: Trata-se um estudo epidemiológico observacional descritivo, utilizando dados secundários, de uso e acesso públicos, dos casos notificados da COVID-19 à Secretaria Municipal de Saúde de Uberlândia, obtidos por meio do Boletim Informativo Municipal. Resultados: Foram realizados 59.994 testes, sendo 14.389 positivos (23,98%) e 45.605 negativos (76,02%). Registraram-se 265 óbitos e taxa de letalidade de 1,89%. Casos confirmados apresentaram tendência de crescimento após aberturas comerciais e tendência de estabilização após fechamento comercial, com tendência de queda após a última reabertura comercial, acompanhada de acúmulo de testes suspeitos e queda da testagem populacional. Entre os internados diários, houve predomínio de homens (59%), maiores de 60 anos (55%) e alocados em leitos de enfermaria (55%). Conclusão: A partir da análise dos dados epidemiológicos e do entendimento preliminar do impacto das medidas adotadas pela prefeitura, foi percebida expressiva influência do grau de abertura comercial nos indicadores da doença, resultando no incremento da frequência de testes positivos e óbitos, com manutenção das internações, o que demostra o impacto dessa doença e a necessidade de aprimoramento das ações de vigilância em saúde no controle da pandemia.
Deliberation and Non-Deliberative Communication
Authors: Beauvais Edana
Published: August 2020

The goal of this work is to clarify how certain democratic goods — notably, empowered inclusion and mutual respect — can be both antecedents to and outcomes of successful communication. When exclusion or a lack of basic mutual respect prevent deliberation from happening in the first place, where do the antecedent conditions of empowered inclusion and mutual respect come from? To answer this question, I propose distinguishing between deliberation and non-deliberative communication. More specifically, I offer a typology that distinguishes between deliberation, political communication, non-political reason-giving and non-political communication. This framework clarifies theoretical disputes and empirical mixed findings in the deliberative democracy literature and offers insight to practitioners and activists interested in using communicative practices to achieve aims related to incentivizing inclusion or promoting mutual respect.
Supporting Deliberative Systems with Referendums and Initiatives
Authors: el-Wakil Alice
Published: August 2020

Referendums and initiatives have long been described as deliberatively deficient and unfit to implement deliberative democracy. Categorized as aggregative mechanisms, they would undermine quality deliberation by setting predefined policy options to potentially polarizing mass votes, with no room for face-to-face exchange nor opportunities for citizens to develop informed judgments. Recent developments in deliberative democratic theory increasingly challenge this view. This article builds on this literature to argue that referendums and initiatives can serve deliberative systems by incentivising representatives to engage in recursive representation – namely, conversation-like exchange at the mass level with the represented deemed essential to deliberative systems. They do so by modifying the formal opportunity structure of representative actors, which impacts them in popular vote campaigns – but also over the long term. Acknowledging these long-term effects of systems including referendums and initiatives opens new questions that can guide further research on these processes’ value for deliberative democracy.
Learning from Lacunae in Research: Making Sense of Teachers’ Labor Activism
Authors: Weiner Lois , Asselin Chloe
Published: August 2020

How does educational research inform understanding of the current labor activism among U.S. teachers and illuminate teachers’ capacity when they are organized as workers to challenge neoliberal educational policies? To address these questions we examine critical research on teachers’ work and teachers unions from 2000-2019, scrutinizing knowledge production about teachers’ work and the role of teachers unions in contesting and conceding to reform, and analyzing how ideological assumptions about capitalism, labor, race, class, and gender configure the amount and nature of scholarship on teachers unions. We explain why scholarship on school reform should include attention to teacher unionism, re-conceptualizing tensions between what are understood as “social justice” struggles and defense of teachers’ professional interests, livelihoods, and working conditions.
A Unique Tangut Primary Reader Brief Collection by Taizong kept in the IOM RAS
Authors: Hongyin Nie
Published: August 2020

The previously undesiphered manuscript inv. № 5875 preserved in the Institute of Oriental Manuscripts, Russian Academy of Sciences, proves to be the Tangut version of a primary reader. Its Chinese original is an inconsistently miscellaneous compilation of ancient literary allusions and contemporary folk maxims. The text is composed by different literary style of antithetical couplet and ordinary prose without a consistent subject. Although its Chinese original has not been found yet and the whole text has not been thoroughly deciphered so far, narrations and translations may be provided as many as possible in the present paper in order to lay a foundation for further studies.
Letters by J.P.A. Rémusat to Schilling von Canstadt (1817–1829) in the Orientalists Archives of the Institute of Oriental Manuscripts, Russian Academy of Sciences
Authors: Walravens Hartmut
Published: August 2020

The paper documents the relationship between the inventor, printer and collector of Oriental books P.L. Schilling von Canstadt and the Orientalist J.P. Abel Rmusat by means of their extant correspondence. The bibliophile with a splendid Oriental library was a welcome partner and correspondent as he could and often would help colleagues with his rarities not to be found anywhere else in Europe. His expertise in printing Oriental scripts was attractive, too, as Orientalists were in need of adding Oriental scripts to their publications. Rmusat, on the other hand, wrote evaluations for the Petersburg dictionary project and publicized Schillings Chinese publications as models of perfect printing art. There is also a memo from Fr. Gass to Schilling, which gives some details about their printing experiments.
EDITORIAL - Socialización e intercambio de saberes
Authors: Sánchez-Cabrera Samuel Alberto
Published: August 2020

La democratización de la academia se manifiesta en la publicación de los resultados de investigación, de allí la importancia, en la continuidad de la revista Libre Empresa, manifiesta como, un espacio que motiva la reflexión sobre temas del acontecer en las Ciencias Económicas; resultado de la participación de la comunidad académica; docentes, la empresa, entes públicos y comunidad general.
Clinical Recommendations for the Management of Biological Treatments in Severe Asthma Patients: A Consensus Statement
Authors:   on behalf of the Severe Asthma Group (SEAIC), Delgado J , Dávila IJ , Domínguez-Ortega J
Published: August 2020

Background: The definition of severe uncontrolled asthma and the best phenotype-driven management are not fully established. Objective: We aimed to reach a consensus on the definition of severe uncontrolled asthma and give recommendations on optimal management with phenotype-targeted biological therapies. Methods: A modified Delphi technique was used. A scientific committee provided statements addressing the definition of severe uncontrolled asthma and controversial issues about its treatment with biologics. The questionnaire was evaluated in 2 rounds by expert allergists. With the results, the scientific committee developed recommendations and a practical algorithm. Results: A panel of 27 allergists reached agreement on 27 out of the 29 items provided (93.1%). A consensus definition of severe uncontrolled asthma was agreed. Prior to initiation of therapy, it is mandatory to establish the asthma phenotype and assess the presence of clinically important allergic sensitizations. Anti-IgE, anti–IL-5, anti–IL-5 receptor, and anti–IL-13/IL-4 receptor inhibitors are suitable options for patients with allergic asthma and a blood eosinophil level >300/μL (>150/μL in patients receiving oral corticosteroids). IL-5 and anti–IL-5 receptor inhibitors are recommended for patients with an eosinophilic phenotype and can also be used for patients with severe eosinophilic allergic asthma with no or a suboptimal response to omalizumab. Dupilumab is recommended for patients with moderate-severe asthma and a TH2-high phenotype. Only physicians with experience in the treatment of severe uncontrolled asthma should initiate biological treatment. Conclusion: We provide consensus clinical recommendations that may be useful in the management of patients with severe uncontrolled asthma.
Api m 6 and Api m 10 as Major Allergens in Patients With Honeybee Venom Allergy
Authors: Vega-Castro A , Rodríguez-Gil D , Martínez-Gomariz M , Gallego R , Peña MI , Palacios R
Published: August 2020

Background: Component-resolved diagnosis plays a key role in the diagnosis and treatment of honeybee venom allergy (HVA). Our aim was to study whether any of the allergens not included in the usual diagnostic platforms are relevant in our population. Patients and Methods: The allergenic sensitization profile of Spanish patients who experienced a systemic reaction after a honeybee sting and were diagnosed with HVA was studied by immunoblotting based on raw autochthonous Apis mellifera venom characterized using SDS-PAGE and mass spectrometry and a commercial assay (ImmunoCAP). Results: Allergens in the International Union of Immunological Societies database were detected in the raw A mellifera venom extract used, except Api m 12. Sera from 51 patients with a median (IQR) age of 46.2 years (35.6-54.6) were analyzed. ImmunoCAP revealed Api m 1 and Api m 10 to be major allergens (88.2% and 74.5%, respectively). Moreover, Api m 6 (85.4%) was detected by immunoblotting. Conclusion: Api m 1, Api m 6, and Api m 10 are major A mellifera venom allergens in our population.
Investigating the Contract Welders Quality of Life and the Quality of Working Life Relationship in Anzaly City in 2014
Authors: Momeni Javane , Yahyaei Elham , Janizadeh Razieh , Pourbakhshi Yasaman , Elyasi Samira , Jahangir Boluorchian Mehdi
Published: August 2020

Background: Today human resources are strategic parts of the organizations and are considered as intelligent and valuable assets. Human resources are the most valuable asset of organizations that face the major problem. Research has shown that working life and personal life have an interactive and exacerbate effect on each other. Based on the vast variety of harmful effects that endanger welders health it was tried to investigate the relationship between life quality and working life quality of contract welders in a shipbuilding factory in Bandar Anzali city.
Methods: In this analytical descriptive cross–a sectional study carried in 2014, 100 contract welders in the shipbuilding industry in Bandar Anzali was selected with the systematic method, and participated as contract welders. Data were collected with reliable and validated questionnaires include demographic information, life quality questionnaire (SF-36), and Walton life quality questionnaire (1975). Data were analyzed using SPSS18 software by using the Pearson correlation test.
Result: %84 of contract welders were very happy with their life quality, and %60 were satisfied with working life quality. There was a significant meaningful relationship between life quality and working life quality (P<= 0.00, r= 0.4). The overall living space variable from life quality had a significant meaningful relationship with life quality score changes (P <= 0.042, r= 0.342). There wasn’t any relationship between age, degree, and job experience with life quality and working life quality. But a single job or not having a second job had a significant meaningful relationship with life quality satisfaction and working life quality (P<= 0.023, r=0.262).
Conclusion: This study showed that there was a relationship between life quality and working life quality. Therefore improvement in either of these two can improve the other one and also help the health promotion of welders.
Dental Implant Failure Rate and Marginal Bone Loss in Transplanted Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Paraizo Marcela , Botelho João , Machado Vanessa , Mendes José João , Alves Ricardo , Mascarenhas Paulo , Cardoso José Maria
Published: August 2020

This systematic review investigates the failure rate and marginal bone loss (MBL) of dental implants placed in Solid-organ transplant (SOT) patients compared to healthy controls. Three databases (PubMed, Web of Sciences and the Cochrane Library) were searched up to June 2020 (PROSPERO CRD42019124896). Case-control and cohort studies reporting data failure rate and marginal bone loss (MBL) of dental implants placed in SOT patients were included. The risk of bias of observational studies was assessed through the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). Four case-control studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria, all of low risk of bias. Meta-analyses revealed consistently lower implant failure rate than control populations at patient and implant levels. SOT patients had a significant difference of -18% (p-value <0.001) of MLB towards healthy patients. SOT status poses no serious threat to implant survival. Overall, this group of patients presented lower levels of dental implant failure rate and marginal bone loss compared to otherwise healthy patients. Further intervention trials with wider sample size and longer follow-ups are necessary to confirm these summary results.
A Computer Program for 3D Simulation of a Li-ion Half-Cell during Charging
Authors: Hosseinzadeh Hamed
Published: August 2020

This code provides computational facilities to simulate current versus time during the charging of Li-ion cells at desire constant voltage by considering multiscale physical phenomena. This code only considers a powder of active materials (at microscale or nanoscale) and a small part of electrolyte around it as a half cell. Then it is extended to a complete cell by applying correct boundary conditions. This code is very useful by modifying code parameters to understand the effect of the complex shape of active materials powder (surface area and powder size), kind of electrolyte, and the applied voltages on the charging response of Li-ion cell. As a summary, a microscale approach to the design of Li-ion cells has been provided via this code.
Evaluation and Development of Pedotransfer Functions for Predicting Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity for Mexican Soils
Authors: Trejo-Alonso Josué , Quevedo Antonio , Fuentes Carlos , Chávez Carlos
Published: August 2020

In the present work, we evaluate the prediction capability of six Pedotransfer functions (PTFs), reported in the literature, for the saturated hydraulic conductivity estimations (Ks). We used a database with 900 measured samples obtained from the Irrigation District 023, in San Juan del Rio, Queretaro, Mexico. Additionally, six new PTFs were construct for Ks from clay percentage, bulk density and saturation water content data. The results show, for the evaluated models, that one model present an overestimation for Ks>0.5 cm h-1 values, three models have a underestimation for Ks>1.0 cm h-1 and two models have a good correlation (R2>0.98) but are necessary more than three parameters. Nevertheless, the last two models requires from three to four parameters in order to get the optimization. By other hand, the models proposed in this work have a similar correlation with a less number of parameters: the fit is seen to be much better than using the existing ones, achieving a correlation of R2 = 0.9822 with only one variable and a R2 = 0.9901 when we use two.
Human Exposure to Toxic Metals and Microbiological Pollution via AC-filter Dust from Industrial, Residential and Agricultural Areas: Assessment of Health Risks
Authors: Dahlawi Saad , Ullah Saif , AlMulla Abdulaziz. A. , Berekaa Mahmoud.M. , Naeem Asif , Mehmood Khalid , Saho Hassan , AlOkhwan Ali , AlHassan Mustafa , AlQahtani Abdullah
Published: August 2020

Among others, road traffic, industrial emissions, commercial activities, smoking and cooking are considered as major contributing factors for the increasing levels of pollutants in atmosphere. High levels of potentially toxic metals and microbes in atmosphere, especially in indoor air, may pose serious threat to human health. Therefore, concentration and associated health risks of potentially toxic trace metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb, and Zn) and their risk to human health, and microbial load in indoor air was assessed using air condition (AC) filter dust samples collected from 5 locations representing residential, agricultural and industrial settings of Eastern Province, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The levels of trace metals varied considerably among sampling areas, with the highest levels of Cr and Cd recorded in the Industrial-area sites followed by the Agricultural and Urban-Residential sites. The highest levels of Pb and Fe were found in the Agricultural area sites followed by the Industrial and Urban-Residential area sites. The metals in dust sample, especially Cd, Cr and Pb, showed a considerable health risk through dermal pathway. Among the sites, the highest hazard quotient for these metals was found for Al-Qatif-Industrial areas sites and among the metals it was the highest for Cd. The cancer risk from the metals contained in AC filter dust was negligible. Samples collected from Agricultural and Industrial area sites were substantially contaminated with bacteria and fungi, respectively. Bacterial contaminants were mostly Gram Negative, with considerable antibiotic resistance and haemolytic activity. Thus, indoor air quality as assessed by AC filter dust depicted that a considerable health risk could be posed by the trace heavy metals and microorganisms for a long-term exposure. Furthermore, this study demonstrated that AC filters dust could be a unique and reliable test sample for the assessment of indoor environment.
Microstructure and the Local Mechanical Properties of the 3D Printed Austenitic Stainless Steel: Computer Simulation
Authors: Hosseinzadeh Hamed
Published: August 2020

Metal 3D printing technology is a promising manufacturing method, especially in the case of complex shapes. The quality of the printed product is still a challenging issue for mechanical applications. The anisotropy of the microstructure, imperfections, and residual stress are some of the issues that diminish the mechanical properties of the printed sample. The simulation could be used to investigate some technical details, and this research has tried to computationally study the metal 3D printing of austenitic stainless steel to address austenite microstructure and local yield strength. Two computational codes were developed in Visual basics 2015 to simulate the local heating/cooling curve and subsequent austenite microstructure. A stochastic computational code was developed to simulate austenite grain morphology based on calculated thermal history. Then Hall-Pitch equation was used to estimate the yield strength of the printed sample. These codes were used to simulate the effect of temperature of the printer’s chamber on microstructure and subsequent yield strength. The austenite grain topology is more columnar at a lower temperature. The percentage of the equiaxed zone will be increased at a higher chamber’s temperature. Almost a fully equiaxed austenite microstructure will be achieved at 800 C chamber’s temperature, but the last printed layer, which is columnar and can be removed by cutting then. The estimated local austenite grain size and the local yield strength in the equiaxed regions are in the range of 15 to 30 μm and 270 to 330 MPa at 800 C temperature of printer’s chamber, respectively.
Intelligent UAV Deployment for a Disaster Resilient Wireless Network
Authors: Hydher Hassaan , Jayakody Dushantha Nalin K. , Hemachandra Kasun , Samarasinghe Tharaka
Published: August 2020

Deployment of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) as aerial base stations (ABSs) has been considered to be a feasible solution to provide network coverage in scenarios where the conventional terrestrial network is overloaded or inaccessible due to an emergency situation. This article studies the problem of optimal placement of the UAVs as ABSs to enable network connectivity to the users in a coverage free zone. The main contributions of this work include two approaches to position the UAVs and to assign user equipment (UE) to each UAV, such that the sum-rate and the coverage probability of the network is maximized. An approach can be selected depending on the prevailing scenario. The first approach uses clustering algorithm to determine the 2D positioning of the UAV and a matching algorithm is used for UE assignment by considering the characteristics of the air-to-ground propagation channels as well as the impact of co-channel interference from ABSs. Then it uses exhaustive search on different altitudes to find the optimal altitude. In the second approach, 2D positioning and UE assignment are done similarly to the first approach. However, the sub-optimal altitude is estimated using particle swarm optimization (PSO). The first approach is suitable for a system which has computational resource constraints or lower probability of line of sight (LoS) links. In contrast, the second approach is suitable for data rate greedy systems or a higher probability of LoS links.
The study of radiation transport in a flow of ionizing helium in plasma accelerator
Authors: Kozlov Andrey Nikolaevich , Konovalov Venyamin Sergeevich , Klimov Nikolai Sergeyevich , Kovalenko Dmitry Vladimirovich , Podkovyrov Vyacheslav Leonidovich , Urlova Raisa Valeryevna , Gutorov Konstantin Mikhailovich
Published: August 2020

Numerical study of the ionization process and radiation transport in a flow of ionizing helium in the channel of the quasi-stationary plasma accelerator is presented. The model of two-dimensional axisymmetric flows is based on the modified MHD equations for the multicomponent medium consisting of atoms, electrons, and multiply charged ions with different ionization multiplicity. The numerical model takes into account the electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity, and the 3D model of radiation transport includes the main mechanisms of radiation and absorption for different parts of the spectrum. The spectral field of radiation and its integral characteristics in the forming transonic stream of helium plasma are determined.
Advances in Glenoid Design in Anatomic Total Shoulder Arthroplasty
Authors: Trivedi Nikunj N. , Shimberg Jilan L. , Sivasundaram Lakshmanan , Mengers Sunita , Salata Michael J. , Voos James E. , Gillespie Robert J.
Published: August 2020

➢ Rotator cuff imbalance, soft-tissue and capsular repair defects, and improper component sizing, positioning, and orientation can result in a high-stress environment at the periphery of the glenoid component-bone interface.

➢ The optimal position and orientation of the glenoid for a given individual is currently unknown.

➢ There have been advancements in glenoid design, with the advent of contemporary metal-backed and hybrid components, but their long-term efficacy has not been proven. Inset glenoid components have shown promising short- and mid-term results.

➢ The augmented glenoid, which has shown satisfactory short-term results in the setting of posterior glenoid loss, is a potential option for glenoid bone loss that is too severe for eccentric reaming. It may be technically easier than bone-grafting, does not require union, and is not at risk of collapse or bone graft resorption.

➢ Advances in surgical technique, including patient-specific instrumentation, may provide additional accuracy, especially in dysplastic and eccentrically worn glenoids; however, evidence for clinical benefit is still lacking.