bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Providing Pedagogical Learner Training in CALL
Authors: O'Bryan Anne
Published: June 2022

While recent studies have found that viewing glosses with multimedia annotations can help students learn and retain vocabulary words (Chun & Plass, 1996; Al-Seghayer, 2001), O'Bryan (2005) found that when providing pictorial glosses for select words within an online reading unit, few students took advantage of the clickable gloss function allowed by the medium, a finding mirrored in a number of research studies (Hegelheimer, 1998; Hegelheimer & Tower, 2004). In an attempt to address this issue, this study investigated whether training learners to use CALL effectively following Hubbard's (2004) 5-step approach leads to increased gloss use.
Case Study of Corpus-Informed Online Academic Writing for EFL Graduate Students
Authors: Hsieh Wen-Ming , Liou Hsien-Chin
Published: June 2022

Research articles (RAs) have been recognized as a distinct genre in the English-using discourse community because of their unique writing conventions. Despite the great number of studies on the analysis of the textual or phrasal aspects of abstracts of RAs, few have been transformed into actual teaching materials for EFL graduate students. The purpose of this study is to extend the results of abstract analysis to the development of online course content for the explicit teaching of abstract writing in Applied Linguistics. Results of the comparison of patterns found in the corpora of 50 abstracts of RAs published in journals and 50 abstracts of papers given at conferences--written by novice, nonnative writers--to patterns in a learner corpus formed the core of the online course content, along with principles of L2 writing and CALL task design. An academic concordancer and a synchronous peer review tool were incorporated into the Moodle-based course. Formative evaluation of the unit on abstract writing was conducted with 35 students. The abstract-writing unit was then incorporated into an academic writing course in which the analysis of students' writing samples demonstrated some improvement in their writing. The study suggests that corpus-informed online instruction that includes learner corpus insights can facilitate EFL academic writing.
Role of Linguistic Affordances in Telecollaborative Chat
Authors: Darhower Mark Anthony
Published: June 2022

This study examines synchronous computer-mediated communication (SCMC) discourse in a bilin-gual chat setting consisting of Spanish-speaking learners of English and English-speaking learners of Spanish. Participants were members of a telecollaboration involving 80 students at North Carolina State University and the University of Puerto Rico. Data were derived from two chat groups, one of four students and the other of five students, engaged in nine 1-hour chat sessions (a half hour in English and a half hour in Spanish). The ecological affordance construct (van Lier, 1996, 2000) frames three research questions: (a) What types of linguistic affordances emerge in the bilingual chat sessions? (b) How do learners respond to linguistic affordances provided by native speakers? and (c) What are learners' perceptions regarding linguistic affordances in their chat discourse? Find-ings reveal that participants provide a range of affordances to each other, although affordances ap-pear to have a limited role in the overall telecollaborative context.
Contingency of Recasts and Noticing
Authors: Lai Chun , Fei Fei , Roots Robin
Published: June 2022

Recasts are an important type of implicit negative feedback that has attracted much attention in both L1 research and SLA research. The utility of recasts in face-to-face interaction has been empirically established, and the contingency of recasts is argued to be the key. However, the efficacy of recasts in computer-mediated communication (CMC), text-based online chatting in particular, remains questionable due to the possible violation of this contingency factor in the "split negotiation routines" commonly observed in CMC discourse. This study used a repeated-measure design to examine the potential impact of the contingency of recasts on noticing as well as some contextual factors that might mediate the contingency effect on the noticing of recasts. In this study, 17 ESL learners were invited to chat with one researcher on two dyadic communication tasks, one preceded by prewriting and the other without. Think aloud protocols and stimulated recalls were used to measure the noticing of recasts. It was found that participants noticed contingent recasts significantly more often than noncontingent recasts. Furthermore, working memory and prewriting were found to mediate the contingency effect, and learner proficiency level was found neither pertinent to the noticing of recasts nor mediative of the contingency effect.
GENERATE: A NATURAL LANGUAGE SENTENCE GENERATOR
Authors: Hackenberg Robert G.
Published: June 2022

GENERATE is a simple program designed to help the beginning linguistics student understand the rules and processes of transformational generative grammar.  This program uses only a small lexicon and a subset of phrase structure and transformation rules. Many problems and possibilities involving the CAI and TG interface (the algorithm) are pointed out.Several options are offered to the student during the program. One option shows the process of selecting phrase structure rules, transformations, lexical Aenus etc., to generate surface structure strings. The program utilizes a Software Activated Mouth (S.A.M.) for pronunciation of the generated sentences.The chief purpose of generate is to be instructional  and illustrative  of transformation-generative grammar rules and processes.
SOVIET PATENT BULLETIN PROCESSING: A PARTICULAR APPLICATION OF MACHINE TRANSLATION
Authors: Bostad Dale A.
Published: June 2022

Soviet patents are used for, among other things, gleaning information on developing trends in Soviet technology. Originally  the patents had to be translated by human translators,  indexed manually, and then entered into the CIRC II database for data manipulation and subsequent searching.  This paper presents a description of the task, and of some of the technical problems that had to be overcome in changing to a machine translation system.
STUDENT APPROACH AND REACTION TO CAI: AN ANALYSIS OF EVALUATIONS AND LOGS
Authors: Simonsen Sofus E.
Published: June 2022

This paper analyzes various kinds of student reaction to CAI materials: evaluations after the use of courseware, student feedback through a mail option for courseware on a main-frame computer, written comments solicited from students throughout the year, as well as information gathered from logs which were set up to collect, without the user's knowledge, a variety of data.Types of computer exercises are discussed as well as the use and integration of courseware into a college FL program followed by observations of a language coordinator, teacher, and software author.
LANGUAGE TEST GENERATOR
Authors: Takalo Ronald
Published: June 2022

The computer can be especially useful for constructing foreign language and ESL tests from a data bank. Once established and saved to disk, the computer can quickly write a random order test complete with answer blanks and answer key. The program described here can serve as a template to create tests for many subjects and items, being easily modifiable by anyone with a modicum of programming experience.
Contributions of Tracking User Behavior to SLA Research
Authors: Chun Dorothy M.
Published: June 2022

This commentary discusses how tracking user behavior in CALL environments can contribute to SLA research.  Despite the fact that data documenting what learners actually do in CALL activities can provide valuable insights into both second language acquisition and pedagogical design, a surprisingly large proportion of CALL studies do not report on tracking data.  Key benefits of collecting and analyzing such data include ascertaining precisely what learners do or do not do and determining whether there is a relationship to learning; documenting the L2 learning process; and providing guidance to learners about how best to use CALL materials for SLA.  Common reasons for not incorporating such analyses are the sheer quantity of available data and the time required to process and analyze them. For the future, as it becomes easier and to some extent automatic to collect such data, the challenge will be to refine data mining tools so that meaningful information and patterns can be discerned.  This information will provide a more complete picture of how L2 learning transpires.
Who Blogs? Understanding the Correlation of Personality and Blogging in Cross-Cultural Discussions.
Authors: Jones Linda Carol , Holland Amalie
Published: June 2022

Second language teaching strategies have long evolved with changes in educational technology.  In today’s Web 2.0 environment, we strive to ensure students richly participate in computer-mediated communicative (CMC) activities so as to expand students’ target language and/or target culture knowledge. One key element lacking in the literature is the importance of knowing who our students are in relation to what they do in the CMC environment.  The Big Five personality inventory has previously helped researchers to identify the association of openness, agreeableness, neuroticism, extraversion and conscientiousness with social Internet use, particularly highlighting that those who choose to blog are high in extraversion and high in neuroticism.  This present study of cross-cultural blogging in a L2 teaching methods course tracked students’ blogging habits and commentary in conjunction with an analysis of their personality types.  This mixed-methods study revealed that openness and conscientiousness were the strongest predictors of interaction in CMC cross-cultural discussions.  As we engage students in blogging, unveiling the role of personality will help educators to enhance interaction and learning within CMC cultural discussions.  Knowing how personality types can impact participation can allow for improved course and activity design and enhance active and engaged conversation to the benefit of all.
A SIMPLE APPROACH TO DOT MATRIX PRINTING OF FOREIGN SCRIPTS
Authors: Becker Donald A.
Published: June 2022

The dot matrix printer offers language teachers a means of producing instructional materials in many writing systems that cannot be printed economically in any other manner.  This report, which is based upon my presentation at CALICO '85, outlines the structure of a printer driver program that converts Romanized texts composed with the aid of standard word processing software into codes that enable a dot matrix printer to produce high-quality printouts in various target scripts.
A CAI WORKSHOP FROM EXPECTATION TO EVALUATION
Authors: Curtin Constance , Shinall Stanley
Published: June 2022

Several reasons delineating the need for workshops directly applicable to foreign language teaching are given. A fairly extensive description of workshop activities,  the problems encountered, the results expected, andthe actual results reported are also give.
TOWARD AN AUTHORING SYSTEM FOR PRE-ELECTRONIC ENGLISH
Authors: Burkart Edward I. , Stovall Burkart Grace
Published: June 2022

Designed to be used in an ESP course for students preparing to study basic electronics, this prototype of an authoring system allows the teacher to construct schematic drawings of simple electrical circuits, together with related exercises.  With virtually  no programming skill the teacher can produce a succession of clearly designed, pedagogically useful frames for the student's lesson. This article is based on a demonstration given at the 1985 CALICO Symposium in Baltimore, MD.
AUTHORING SYSTEMS FOR COURSEWARE DEVELOPMENT: WHAT SHOULD BEGINNERS LOOK FOR?
Authors: Chapelle Carol , Jamieson Joan
Published: June 2022

This paper is an introduction to courseware authoring systems, which are defined as software devised for an instructional  environment that simplifies courseware development. The process of courseware authoring is described as consisting  of two basic elements: computer and lesson. These two elements are further subdivided and the use of authoring systems to simplify each of these subcomponents is described. Suggestions are made for educators who are considering authoring systems to be used to develop courseware.
THE DUKE LANGUAGE TOOLKIT: FOREIGN ALPHABETS FOR THE IBM PC
Authors: Gillette Jeffrey William
Published: June 2022

This paper is given as a progress and a goals report for the Duke Language Toolkit program. It is also a solicitation for input for mutual benefit of linguists and humanists.
TELECLASS: THE BOTTOM LINE IN SECOND LANGUAGE LEARNING
Authors: Wollstein John D.
Published: June 2022

EDITOR's NOTE: TELEclass  was easily one of the "hits" of our First CALICO  Conference on Language and Technology in Japan. This program illustrates  one of the most effective applications of sophisticated technology that improves instruction significantly among all students while incurring only nominal costs.
FLINT University: Fostering the Use of Foreign Language Instructional Technology
Authors: Pusack James P. , Otto Sue K.
Published: June 2022

This scenario illustrates the conditions necessary for significant growthin the technology-based teaching of languages. Sophisticated use of computers, video, and audio in college teaching requires a heavy investment in facilities, support staff, and faculty training. In addition, an environment must be created which provides access to materials and information, encouragement for long-term projects, and opportunities for testing, publication, and dissemination of results.
Evaluating A Computer-Adaptive ESL Placement Test
Authors: Madsen Harold
Published: June 2022

The purpose of this article is to evaluate one of the first operational computerized-adaptive ESL tests in the United States. Utilizing an item bank of 300 grammar and reading items, the CALT exam was administered to 72 foreign students and later to 42 FL students; subjects also responded to a questionnaire. Results showed an overwhelmingly positive reaction to the computerized tests, but significant negative reaction by most Japanese students. In addition, the CALT was far more efficient than conventional paper and pencil tests.
Adapting Programmed Materials to Learning Strategies: Overcoming the Spatial-Sequential Effect with the VOCAL System
Authors: Weistein Allen
Published: June 2022

The teaching method used is not the most important concern because it is based upon a cognitive mode. Several tests have studied the differences between and effects of "spatial  cognition" and "sequential cognition". The overlapping of the two is known as spatial-sequential  congruity. The opposite of this spatial-sequential incongruity. The effectiveness of any teaching method is dependent on which cognitive mode they are based on and the preferred cognitive mode of the students being taught. It is interesting to note that those tested were not aware that both modes exist, or that they had a preferred mode until  they were told.
An Introductory Lisp Parser
Authors: Loritz Donald
Published: June 2022

Instructional parsers will figure prominently in future computer-assisted language learning. Most contemporary computational linguistics research is being conducted in Lisp. A knowledge of Lisp parsing should therefore help prepare serious language teachers for future CALL. Despite Lisp's manifest suitability to natural language processing, most introductions neglect this aspect of Lisp. This paper tries to redress some of that neglect by introducing Lisp in the context of an introductory English parser.
Inexpensive Videodisc for Proficiency: A Teaching Model Based on Bruner's Learning Hierarchy
Authors: Sutherland Richard , Knight Richard
Published: June 2022

A classroom scenario provides a specific example of how a teacher implements the inexpensive videodisc model of instruction to enhance proficiency in the classroom. With this model, a teacher uses the remote control unit of the videodisc to operate the disc player much like a remote controlled television with the additional benefit of random access. The theoretical underpinnings for this model are provided by Bruner's learning hierarchy consisting of the iconic, enactive, and symbolic stages, which are related to the steps of the teaching model. The model is also supported by the "effective teaching literature" and allows the teacher to remain in control of the classroom while directing activities that encourage creative dialogue production integrating previously introduced lexical items. Moreover, this model lends itself to the teaching of other subject matter areas.
Current Uses of Computers in ESOL Instruction in the U.S.
Authors: Johnson Norman
Published: June 2022

This paper reports on a survey of computer use at ESOL institutions in the U.S. during 1986. It attempts to identify the hardware configurations and instructional software commonly in use, as well as patterns of usage.
The Logo Syndrome
Authors: Wyatt David
Published: June 2022

The theoretical emphasis in CALL has moved strongly away from instructional  programs towards collaborative approaches. However, research in subject areas other than language learning has generally found little evidence for the effectiveness of these approaches. Recent investigations are now calling into question the most widely heralded collaborative program, Logo. There is an urgent need for CALL research to assess the viability of the various approaches. In present circumstances, the emphasis on collaborative programs leaves CALL in a highly vulnerable position.
On the Use of Carrots and Sticks in CALL
Authors: Church Dan M.
Published: June 2022

Desire to learn a second language or excitement designed into the program is seldom sufficient for long-term motivation for students to use CALL programs as much as  needed. Programs need to be not only closely correlated to the goals and methods of the course but also required and graded in order for students to use them conscientiously and beneficially. Development and modification of CALL use in an elementary course over a period of years allows us to draw some conclusions about how requirements and grades can serve as carrots and sticks to motivate students to use the CALL programs. We can also see some ways in which such requirements and grades can be made to seem more like carrots and less like sticks.
Designing a BASIC Parser for CALL
Authors: Cook Vivian
Published: June 2022

Writing a parser to give syntactic representations of students' input in BASIC is justified by the limited scope of the grammar required and by the need to integrate with other CALL materials. BAP (BASIC parser) is described in terms of input processing, which normalizes the sentence; word-matching, which matches it against key structure words and against its own lexicons; and phrase structure parsing, which examines the constituent structure and sub-categorization features of the sentence. A technique is described based on DCG parsing in PROLOG that attempts to consume the words of the sentence one at a time by rule: it is exemplified through simplified versions of its rules for parsing sentence type and the noun phrase, and through examples of its sub-categorization tests for properties of lexical entries. It is suggested that such a parser can form a useful component in many CALL activities.
Integrated Use of Videodisc for Intensive Spanish Language Learning
Authors: Reese L. Grant , Eastmond, Jr. J. Nicholls , Sutherland Richard
Published: June 2022

Typically, the use of video materials in a language classroom is adjunctive rather than integral to the textbook and the instructor's procedures. Utah State University has reversed this pattern in its intensive Spanish program by using video simulations of real-life experiences as the basis for classroom procedure in lieu of following a textbook. The classroom becomes student-centered, rather than instructor-centered, through a problem solving group endeavor. This fundamentally inductive learning procedure is stimulated by the ready accessibility to students  of experiencias on videodisc in the classroom itself. Both Utah State University and the National of the Humanities have provided grant support to this program.
On Developing HyperCard Stacks for the Study of Chinese Characters: KanjiCard
Authors: Nakajima Kazuko
Published: June 2022

In learning Chinese characters which are logographic scripts, students need enhanced graphic presentation in order to discriminate the distinctive features of each character. They also need enhanced shape and meaning association to develop a learning strategy unique for logographic scripts. The "hypermedia" approach, i.e., the coordinated use of various media; graphic, text, sound and animation, is taken in KanjiCard1 to meet these pedagogical needs. It is an interactive self-tutorial program for beginning students of Japanese to learn Kanji, Chinese characters used in the Japanese language. It is being developed on Macintosh microcomputers using Hypercard technology and other applications such as computer-assisted animation andvoice digitizing.
Kanji City An Exploration of Hypermedia Applications for CALL
Authors: Ashworth David , Stelovsky Jan
Published: June 2022

Kanji City explores some of the possibilities for design of language instructional materials in hypermedia format. It takes advantage of HyperCard's potential to integrate text with digitized and synthesized sound, interactive graphics and animation. Furthermore, the application demonstrates how hypermedia can support inductive learning through trial-and-error exploration of a simulation of real-life environment, and promote contextualization of language and language use. Kanji City serves as an umbrella for a host of related language learning programs. Several of these modules exemplify the concept of presentation shells that are not restricted to teaching Japanese, but can be filled with contents from a wide range of subjects.
Digital Audio, Networks, and Foreign Language Instruction
Authors: Parker Richard E. , Davis Robert C.
Published: June 2022

This paper describes a system for the use of digital audio in foreign language instruction. The system consists of networked personal computers with digital audio adapters. The use of a digital audio adapter allows for the flexible manipulation of audio materials: natural sounding audio may be played, recorded, replayed, paused, and ordered under computer control with no distracting delays or distortion. In addition, audio can be coordinated with the display of text or graphics on the computer screen. Finally, the network allows for the central storage of the digital audio materials and computer programs. Only a single copy of any audio material needs to be produced and stored on a network file server. This material is then available for selection at any time for independent use by any number of students.
A Computerized Phonetics Instructor: BABEL
Authors: Vila Joaquin , Pearson Lon
Published: June 2022

Babel is an expert system able to animate (graphically) and reproduce (acoustically) a text in any language which uses the Latin alphabet. This system has been developed to aid language learners and to help instructors leach the fine nuances of phonemes. Each phoneme has a unique sound and thus requires a precise positioning of the vocal organs which are displayed on the screen in two different projections: a front view and a profile cross view of a human face in synchronization with the output sounds of the speech synthesizer.
Development of the Five College Foreign Language Resource Center
Authors: Lyman-Hager Mary Ann
Published: June 2022

Establishing successful foreign language resource centers involves much more than planning for facilities and equipment. The "human" factor is also very important. A narrative of the establishment of the very visible and successful Five College Foreign Language Resource Center is offered to readers as a description of some of the activities leading to its success.
Putting Computers in Their Place
Authors: Kolaitis Marinna M.
Published: June 2022

Presented at CALICO'90 Symposium in Baltimore
LEARNING TO BE AUTHENTIC
Authors: Reed Whitney
Published: June 2022

Banquet Address, CALICO '90 at the BWI Holiday Inn Airport in Baltimore
Development Of IVD Materials Using Non-Native Language Mediation
Authors: Whiskeyman Ann L.
Published: June 2022

Interactive video provides students with an opportunity to view and interact with target language conversations. Non-native language mediation provides the student with target language and visual "helps" for words/phrases that he does not understand. It is a way of keeping the student engaged completely in the target language because no "help" is provided in his native language, yet not frustrated, because he is able to obtain meaning for what he doesn't understand. This article explains what non-native language mediation is, its purpose, how it can be designed, its limitations and its advantage.
Adventures in Colloquial Hebrew
Authors: Knisbacher Anita
Published: June 2022

Student response to the Hebrew interactive audio/videodisc courseware has been consistently very positive. Learners spend significantly more time on task because of the variety of learner options available to them and because they are in control of the instructional program as they direct it from their computer keyboard. While we need the information as soon as possible from a thorough evaluation of this and other interactive software/courseware, we know that both teachers and students enjoy a higher level of satisfaction and are therefore more highly motivated as they pursue their language study with the assistance of state-of-the-art technology.
Kanji Retrieval by Recursive Location of Elements Using HyperCard
Authors: Bhatia Anil
Published: June 2022

There are a number of Japanese-English computer dictionaries. However, they do not provide the Japanese language student with an adequate means of retrieving kanji (Chinese characters). The study here outlines the implementation and evaluation of a computer-based kanji finder. The electronic kanji finder was implemented on a Macintosh using HyperCard, with regard to student needs, based on sound pedagogical and human factor principles. An evaluation of the implementation based on a comparison of the retrieval methods of a traditional dictionary was made, giving students access to both the computer-based dictionary and Nelson's paper kanji dictionary. The two retrieval methods were compared based on human factors criteria. The results of the comparison show that the electronic dictionary has several features which are better than the traditional paper dictionary. The findings go against previous research which show that electronic fact retrieval is worse than traditional retrieval using reference books (B. Shneiderman, 1987). The conclusion discusses some of the implications of the results for students of Japanese.
Yu-Gong Yi Shan
Authors: Chan Chung , Liu Li-chia
Published: June 2022

Yu-gong Yi Shan is the title of an ancient Chinese fable. Its electronic version discussed in this article, is a prototype of the use of technology "in support of Chinese teaching and learning." Developed cooperatively by a content expert and an educational technologist, Yu-gong demonstrates how hypermedia can be designed to overcome the linear, static and silent constraints of book technology and provide an integrated, interactive and learner-centered reading environment for students of Chinese.
Introduction: Our Title
Authors: Yao Yu-Shuang , Gombrich Richard
Published: June 2022

The authors discuss the history of Buddhism in China, which they liken to "an unwieldy whole", and suggest that throughout its life in China, Buddhism has been seen as one of three great ideologies with their own concomitant values, institutions and practices -- the other two being Confucianism and Taoism. They argue that these three systems have influenced each other, developing both similarities and contrasts and also observe that new, consciously syncretistic, religions have also developed such as FSG and have been accepted, like the other three, as essentially 'Chinese" . The chapter goes on to investigate a range of influences on FSG, such as Zen and Pure Land traditions, but draws attention to the pragmatic flavour of Hsing Yun’s Buddhism in which he combines transcendent optimism with the ambiguity inherent in a gnostic creed, "convincing devotees that they will deserve to live in a paradise, in either this or a future life" and how this attention to the here and now owes much to Tai Xu's writings of the previous century and yet also speaks to the ascendency of American-style "material" culture and values in 1970s and 80s Taiwan following that country's democratization. The authors draw attention to how this contrasts with traditional or mainstream Buddhism where the basic motivation for leaving home and joining the Saṅgha is supposed to be the wish to escape forever from this world, where life is permeated by suffering. They conclude by providing examples of how Hsing Yun contrives to preach modernism without sacrificing his allegiance to Chinese tradition: his syncretism often turns out to be a combination of the old and the new, merging ancient lineages and casting a net wide enough to attract even non-believers.
An Integrated Framework for CALL Courseware Evaluation
Authors: Hubbard Philip
Published: June 2022

The evaluation of courseware for CALL is one of the more challenging tasks a language teacher is faced with. Currently, most evaluation schemes consist of either a checklist or a list of questions to be answered. This paper offers an alternative approach to evaluation in the form of a flexible framework from which teachers can develop their own evaluation procedures. The components of the three major sections of the framework—operational description, teacher fit, and learner fit—and their interactions are described and some suggestions for use are offered. The evaluation framework described is one module of a more comprehensive framework incorporating courseware development and implementation as well.
Evaluation of production and fruit quality of a yellow passion fruit cultivar infected with the cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus
Authors: Gomes Francielly Rodrigues , Silva Danielle Fabíola Pereira da , Rodrigues Cláudia Dayane Marques , Salazar Alejandro Hurtado , Assunção Hildeu Ferreira , Cruz Simério Carlos Silva
Published: June 2022

Abstract This work aimed to characterize and evaluate the correlations between fruit and pulp characteristics of a commercial cultivar of yellow passion fruit (FB 200) infected with the cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus (CABMV). The observation of natural infection occurred after the beginning of flowering. The parameters weight, length, and diameter, peel thickness, pulp yield, soluble solids content, titratable acidity, and the soluble solids content/titratable acidity ratio were evaluated. A completely randomized block design composed of 20 plots with five replications was adopted. The data were subject to descriptive analyses and Pearson’s Correlation at 1 and 5% of significance. CABMV has decreased the quality and physical characteristics of fruits, but they still could be destined for juice processing industries. Many parameters of the fruits presented significant positive correlations.
Avaliação de duas correntes da economia ambiental: a escola neoclássica e a economia da sobrevivência
Authors: MUELLER CHARLES C.
Published: June 2022

RESUMO É possível avaliar as principais escolas de pensamento em economia ambiental com base em uma visão estilizada do desenvolvimento sustentável. Essa visão considera sustentável o desenvolvimento que assegura: pelo menos a manutenção do nível de bem-estar da atual geração de habitantes do primeiro mundo; um aumento no bem-estar da atual geração que habita os países pobres; e a capacidade das gerações futuras de manter ou melhorar seu bem-estar. Em princípio, uma escola de pensamento em economia ambiental deve considerar esses três aspectos; no entanto, alguns enfatizam um, outros enfatizam outro desses aspectos. Com base em uma estrutura baseada no conceito acima de desenvolvimento sustentável, o artigo apresenta uma avaliação de duas dessas escolas de pensamento: economia ambiental neoclássica, enfatizando as economias de mercado industrializadas e de curto prazo; e uma escola que poderia ser denominada economia de sobrevivência, enfatizando o longo prazo. Começa com uma discussão sobre a recente inserção da dimensão ambiental na economia, e segue com uma revisão do conceito de desenvolvimento sustentável, adaptado para a avaliação. Conclui com uma discussão sobre a principal contribuição das duas escolas e os principais contrastes entre elas.
“Globalização” financeira e regimes cambiais
Authors: BATISTA JR. PAULO NOGUEIRA
Published: June 2022

RESUMO Este artigo argumenta que, embora os fluxos internacionais de capital tenham aumentado rapidamente nas últimas décadas, os mercados financeiros ainda estão longe de formar um mercado global unificado. Ele também argumenta que o efeito do aumento da mobilidade de capital na autonomia da política econômica nacional continua a depender, em grande parte, da escolha do regime cambial.
Measurement of depression in the Brazilian population: validation of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-8)
Authors: Lua Iracema , Freitas Katia Santana , Teixeira Jules Ramon Brito , Reichenheim Michael Eduardo , Almeida Maura Maria Guimarães de , Araújo Tânia Maria de
Published: June 2022

We aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Brazilian version of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-8). A study with a sample of 4,170 individuals (≥ 15 years old) from the urban area. Conglomerate sampling was adopted in two stages (census sectors and streets), with weighting of estimates by sample weights. A structured questionnaire with sociodemographic data, the PHQ - the modules for depression, generalized anxiety disorder and panic disorder - and the Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20) were used. In the evaluation of the PHQ-8, we verified the construct validity by analyzing the dimensional structure, convergent validity and internal consistency. We found a linear disorder without losses to maintain the four response categories. The factor analysis found unidimensionality of the depression construct, with strong factor loads, low residual variances, low residual correlation between items, good fit of the model, internal consistency and satisfactory convergent factorial validity (high loads and correlations with other tests/scales of similar constructs). The PHQ-8 has a one-dimensional structure with evidence of good validity and reliability, being suitable for use in the Brazilian population.
Associação longitudinal entre capital social e incapacidade funcional em uma coorte de idosos residentes em comunidade
Authors: Gontijo Cristina Franco , Mambrini Juliana Vaz de Melo , Firmo Josélia Oliveira Araújo , Lima-Costa Maria Fernanda , de Loyola Filho Antônio Ignácio
Published: June 2022

O objetivo do presente estudo foi investigar a associação entre capital social e a incapacidade funcional, numa perspectiva longitudinal, utilizando dados da coorte de idosos de Bambuí, Minas Gerais, Brasil. A linha de base do estudo foi composta por todos os idosos sobreviventes e livres de incapacidade no sétimo ano de seguimento (2004), acompanhados até 2011. A variável desfecho foi a incapacidade funcional para as ABVD (atividades básicas de vida diária) e AIVD (atividades instrumentais de vida diária), analisadas separadamente. A exposição de interesse foi o capital social, mensurado por meio de seus componentes cognitivo (coesão e suporte social) e estrutural (participação social e satisfação com a vizinhança). Variáveis sociodemográficas, de condições de saúde e de hábitos de vida foram utilizadas para efeitos de ajuste, e a ocorrência de óbito foi considerada evento competitivo. A hipótese de associação entre capital social e incapacidade funcional foi testada por meio do modelo de riscos competitivos, que fornece hazard ratios (HR) e intervalos de 95% de confiança (IC95%). Após a análise multivariada, o capital social, em seu componente estrutural, esteve associado à incapacidade funcional. Idosos insatisfeitos com a vizinhança apresentaram risco maior de desenvolver incapacidade funcional para AIVD (HR = 2,36; IC95%: 1,31-4,24), em relação às suas contrapartes. Os resultados desse estudo sugerem que a incapacidade funcional está associada a outros aspectos que não somente da saúde, evidenciando a necessidade de desenvolver políticas e intervenções que abarquem aspectos ligados ao ambiente físico e social em que o idoso está inserido.
Desigualdades nos comportamentos de risco para doenças crônicas não transmissíveis: Vigitel, 2019
Authors: Meller Fernanda de Oliveira , Santos Leonardo Pozza dos , Miranda Vanessa Iribarrem Avena , Tomasi Cristiane Damiani , Soratto Jacks , Quadra Micaela Rabelo , Schäfer Antônio Augusto
Published: June 2022

O objetivo foi analisar as desigualdades econômica, racial e geográfica nos comportamentos de risco para doenças crônicas não transmissíveis dos adultos brasileiros. Estudo transversal realizado com os dados do Vigitel (Vigilância de Fatores de Risco e Proteção para Doenças Crônicas por Inquérito Telefônico) de 2019. Os comportamentos de risco analisados foram tabagismo, consumo abusivo de álcool, inatividade física, excesso de peso, consumo regular de refrigerante ou suco artificial e consumo não regular de frutas, legumes e verduras. As desigualdades nos comportamentos de risco foram avaliadas considerando escolaridade e macrorregião de moradia dos brasileiros, por meio do índice de desigualdade absoluta (slope index of inequality - SII). Gráficos equiplots também foram construídos para melhor ilustrar as desigualdades. Para todas as análises, foi utilizado o comando svy do Stata devido à complexidade do processo amostral. Foram avaliados 52.395 indivíduos. Desigualdades importantes nos comportamentos de risco para doenças crônicas não transmissíveis foram observadas: ter baixa escolaridade concentrou a grande maioria dos comportamentos de risco. Tabagismo e consumo de refrigerante foram mais observados na Macrorregião Sul do país. São necessárias políticas públicas que visem reduzir as desigualdades encontradas, permitindo a melhoria nos indicadores de saúde da população brasileira.
TeleOftalmo: estratégia de ampliação da oferta de telediagnósticos oftalmológicos para a atenção primária à saúde no Sul do Brasil
Authors: Moreira Taís de Campos , Chagas Maria Eulália Vinadé , Pagano Cassia Garcia Moraes , Araújo Aline Lutz de , Umpierre Roberto Nunes , Oliveira Barbara Carvalho de , Guattini Veronica Lucas de Olivera , Katz Natan , Cabral Felipe Cezar
Published: June 2022

O uso da teleoftalmologia pode ser uma estratégia viável para rastrear e diagnosticar as principais doenças oculares em pacientes na atenção primária à saúde. O objetivo deste estudo é descrever a realização de 30.315 telediagnósticos em oftalmologia em pacientes da atenção primária e a resolutividade desse serviço. Estudo transversal para avaliar os telediagnósticos realizados em pacientes atendidos nos oito pontos remotos do projeto TeleOftalmo entre 2 de janeiro de 2018 a 31 de dezembro de 2020. Foram avaliadas as características demográficas dos pacientes, os motivos de encaminhamento, os diagnósticos realizados conforme faixa etária e a resolutividade do telediagnóstico. Os pacientes eram, na maioria, do sexo feminino (66,1%), adultos (70,3%) e encaminhados ao telediagnóstico principalmente devido à baixa acuidade visual (60,5%). Os erros refrativos foram o diagnóstico mais prevalente em todas as faixas etárias. A presbiopia foi a doença ocular mais prevalente em adultos (65,4%) e idosos (64%), seguida da catarata (41,3%) e suspeita de glaucoma (10,6%) em idosos. Dos 30.315 pacientes que realizaram o telediagnóstico, 70,5% tiveram suas queixas oculares totalmente solucionadas, sem a necessidade de encaminhamento ao oftalmologista presencial. A telemedicina pode ser resolutiva para as doenças oculares mais prevalentes na população, aumentando a oferta de diagnósticos, qualificando e auxiliando na redução das filas de espera por atendimento oftalmológico.
Continuidade da atenção às doenças crônicas no estado de São Paulo durante a pandemia de Covid-19
Authors: Duarte Luciane Simões , Shirassu Mirian Matsura , Atobe Jane Harumi , Moraes Marco Antonio de , Bernal Regina Tomie Ivata
Published: June 2022

RESUMO As Doenças Crônicas Não Transmissíveis (DCNT) representam as principais causas de morte e de invalidez em todo o mundo. Em acréscimo a esse cenário, desponta, em 2020, a pandemia causada pelo novo Coronavírus 2019 (Sars-CoV-2), causador da Covid-19. Este estudo avaliou a continuidade da atenção às DCNT pelos serviços de saúde dos municípios do estado de São Paulo durante a primeira fase da pandemia de Covid-19. Trata-se de estudo transversal, realizado em 171 municípios do estado de São Paulo, com aplicação de formulário aos gestores municipais. Foi utilizado peso de pós-estratificação para correção da baixa taxa de resposta. A maioria dos municípios (89,6%) definiu um conjunto de serviços de saúde que deveria ser mantido, e 95,7% relataram alguma descontinuidade da atenção. Os serviços com descontinuidade (interrupção total e interrupção parcial) foram os seguintes: cirurgias eletivas (54,1% e 38,1%), reabilitação (10,0% e 62,1%), diagnóstico/tratamento das DCNT (1,0% e 42,1%), tratamento de transtornos mentais (2,4% e 38,4%), diagnóstico/tratamento de câncer (interrupção parcial 15,9%) e cuidados paliativos (4,4% e 22,6%). Baixa demanda da população e diminuição da oferta interferiram na continuidade da assistência. Destaca-se a implantação da Telessaúde. A interrupção total ou parcial expõe os indivíduos a complicações agudas e crônicas.
Fatores estressores e protetores da pandemia da Covid-19 na saúde mental da população mundial: uma revisão integrativa
Authors: Meirelles Tatiane Veríssimo da Silveira , Teixeira Mirna Barros
Published: June 2022

RESUMO Este artigo visou analisar os fatores protetores e estressores da pandemia na saúde mental no Brasil e internacionalmente. Foi realizada uma revisão integrativa da literatura a partir da busca por publicações científicas indexadas nas bases de dados Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (Lilacs) e Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval Sistem on-line (Medline) no período de janeiro a dezembro de 2020. Foram analisados 29 artigos por autor, ano, país de estudo, metodologia; fatores estressores e protetores relacionados com a saúde mental. Conclui-se que pessoas que são submetidas às medidas restritivas impostas pelo período de pandemia da Covid-19 se mostram vulneráveis a problemas de saúde mental. Porém, apresar do impacto global, ainda são poucos os estudos que avaliaram os fatores psicossociais relacionados.
Stressors and protective factors of the COVID-19 pandemic in the mental health of the world population: an integrative review
Authors: Meirelles Tatiane Veríssimo da Silveira , Teixeira Mirna Barros
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT This paper aimed to analyze the mental health protective factors and stressors of the pandemic in Brazil and internationally. We conducted an integrative literature review by searching for scientific publications indexed in the LILACS and MEDLINE databases from January to December 2020. Twentynine papers have been analyzed by author, year, country of study, methodology; mental health stressors and protective factors related. We concluded that people subjected to restrictive measures imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic are vulnerable to mental health problems. However, very few studies have evaluated the related psychosocial factors despite the global impact.
Uma possível resposta berliniana às críticas de Ronald Dworkin
Authors: Coser Ivo , Tormin Mateus M.
Published: June 2022

Resumo: O artigo revisita a obra de Isaiah Berlin à luz das críticas que Ronald Dworkin fez a seu pluralismo de valores. Em um primeiro momento, este é caracterizado por meio de quatro elementos. Feito isso, são apresentadas as duas principais críticas que Dworkin faz ao pluralismo de Berlin. Em seguida, examina-se a obra de Berlin, destacando o modo como ele caracteriza o campo da ética e as saídas que nos apresenta para as situações de conflito de valores. Argumenta-se que Berlin reconhece que o campo da ética é regido pelo dever ser e que, diante do conflito, seu pluralismo aponta para a possibilidade de trocas compensatórias entre fins. Reforça-se, ao longo do texto, o compromisso do pluralismo com o valor da liberdade de escolha, com a diversidade de fins e com a autonomia do sujeito.
(Re) pensando a dependência latino-americana: Atlas Network e institutos parceiros no governo Bolsonaro
Authors: Vidal Camila Feix , Lopez Jahde
Published: June 2022

Resumo: A partir de uma abordagem neogramsciana que privilegia o papel da hegemonia e da manutenção da dependência por meio do consentimento, esse trabalho trata de um esforço para a compreensão da atuação de institutos liberais brasileiros parceiros da estadunidense Rede Atlas e seu papel na difusão das ideias no governo brasileiro. Mais especificamente, busca-se compreender como que se dá a triangulação entre Atlas, institutos liberais brasileiros e dirigentes econômicos no contexto do governo Jair Bolsonaro. Para isso, foram coletados dados primários e condensados em gráficos e figuras em NodeXL e Excel. Como resultado, percebemos a Atlas como ferramenta de manutenção hegemônica estadunidense no Brasil que atua por meio de práticas político-pedagógicas impactando na institucionalização do projeto neoliberal.
Representativeness of the fiber parallel elasticity modulus value referring to the Brazilian standard C40 strength class in the design of timber structures
Authors: Batista Mayara , Amorim Arthur , Silva Diogo Aparecido Lopes , Aquino Vinícius Borges de Moura , Lahr Francisco Antonio Rocco , Christoforo André Luis
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT: Brazil has the world’s second largest forest area, which makes the exploitation and use of varied species in civil construction conducive. One of the traditional uses of wood is to build roofs for different purposes. Considering that the most recurrent pathologies in the roof structures are related to the excessive deformations observed in the structural elements, particularly in those subjected to bending. This study verified the effective representativeness of the stiffness value established by the Brazilian Class wood standard, C40. Batches of eight different tropical wood species were considered, whose framing occurred in the referred Class. Results obtained from the confidence intervals for each evaluated species led to the conclusion that the value of 19500 MPa for the modulus of elasticity is not representative for Class C40 because the value observed in this study was 14467 MPa, which is 26% lower than the normative reference. This observation is an initial indication that the adoption of the value of 19500 MPa by the standard is unfavorable to the safety of the structure, justifying the pathologies observed in the service performance of the roof structures.