bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sequence‐Specific Relay Recognition of Multiple Anions: An Interplay between Proton Donors and Acceptors
Authors: Fernandes Rikitha S , Paul Suvendu , Dey Nilanjan
Published: September 2023

Ratiometric detection of analyte is highly deserving since the technique is free from background correction. This work reports the design and synthesis of a pyridine‐end oligo p‐phenylenevinylene (OPV) derivative, 1 and its application in ratiometric dual‐mode (both colorimetric and fluorogenic) recognition of dual anions, bisulfate (LOD=12.5 ppb) followed by fluoride (LOD=18.2 ppb) by sequence‐specific relay (SPR) technique. The colorless probe turns brown with addition of bisulfate and again becomes colorless with the sequential addition of fluoride ion. In addition to such naked‐eye color change, interestingly the ratiometric spectroscopic signals are reversible and evidently, the probe is reusable for several cycles. Besides, in presence of bisulfate, the protonated probe molecules, owing to their larger amphiphilic characteristics, formed self‐assembled nanostructures. In addition to colorimetric and fluorescent changes, 1H NMR titration and systematic DFT study evidently establish the underneath proton transfer mechanisms. Such reusable OPV‐based chemosensor particularly with the capability of naked‐eye recognition of dual anions using the SPR technique is seminal and possibly the first report in the literature.
In search of hidden threats: A scoping review on paranoid presentations in personality disorders
Authors: Fanti Erika , Di Sarno Marco , Di Pierro Rossella
Published: September 2023

Recent diagnostic developments suggest that paranoia is a transdiagnostic characteristic common to several personality disorders rather than a personality disorder per se. Nonetheless, empirical literature fails to provide comprehensive and univocal findings on whether and how paranoid presentations relate to different personality disorders. In the present scoping review, we map the empirical literature on paranoid presentations in personality disorders, considering the entire spectrum of paranoid manifestations (i.e., the paranoia hierarchy). In selecting original quantitative studies on paranoid presentations in personality‐disordered patients, we screened 4,433 records in PsycArticles, PsycInfo and PUBMED. We eventually included 47 eligible studies in the review. Our synthesis indicates consistent empirical evidence of a wide range of paranoid presentations in Paranoid, Schizotypal and Borderline personality disorders. Conversely, little empirical literature exists on paranoid presentations in other personality disorders. Preliminary findings suggest broad‐severity paranoid presentations, ranging from milder to severe forms, in Paranoid, Schizotypal and Borderline personality disorders. There is also some evidence of milder forms of paranoia in Avoidant, Antisocial and Narcissistic personality disorders. Conversely, there is poor evidence of paranoid presentations in Schizoid, Histrionic, Dependent or Obsessive‐compulsive personality disorders. Research gaps and recommendations for improving empirical research on paranoid presentations in personality disorders are discussed.
Paraformaldehyde as C1 Synthon: Electrochemical Three‐Component Synthesis of Tetrahydroimidazo[1,5‐a]quinoxalin‐4(5H)‐ones in Aqueous Ethanol
Authors: Lu Yu‐Han , Mu Si‐Yu , Jiang Jun , Zhou Min‐Hang , Wu Chao , Ji Hong‐Tao , He Wei‐Min
Published: September 2023

A green and practical method for the electrochemical synthesis of tetrahydroimidazo[1,5‐a]quinoxalin‐4(5H)‐ones through the three‐component reaction of quinoxalin‐2(1H)‐ones, N‐arylglycines and paraformaldehyde was reported. In this strategy, EtOH played dual roles (eco‐friendly solvent and waste‐free pre‐catalyst) and the in situ generated ethoxide promoted triple sequential deprotonations.
Environmental tobacco smoke increased risk of gestational diabetes mellitus: A birth cohort study in Sichuan, China
Authors: Chen Shiqi , Zhao Ziling , Luo Min , Gao Yan , Zhou Tianjin , Hu Jinnuo , Luo Liwei , Liu Weixin , Zhang Gang
Published: September 2023

Introduction

Studies on the relationship between environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are limited. In this study, we aimed to clarify the association between ETS at different trimesters of pregnancy and the risk of GDM among non‐smoking pregnant women.

Methods

A total of 16,893 non‐smoking mothers from the Southwest Birth Cohort, China, were included in the final analyses. Exposure and outcome measures included self‐reported ETS status at different trimesters of pregnancy and GDM diagnosis. Multivariable logistic regression models were constructed to estimate the association between ETS and GDM.

Results

The prevalence of ETS exposure was 25.7%. Compared with no ETS, ever ETS had an increased risk of GDM, with an adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence intervals) of 1.21 (1.09, 1.33). The association remained consistent at different trimesters of pregnancy ETS exposure. In the last trimester and with continuous ETS exposure, the risk of GDM increased significantly with the increase in the duration of the exposure. The risk of GDM associated with ever ETS during pregnancy significantly increased in mothers over 30 years old and pre‐pregnancy overweight (P for interaction <0.05).

Conclusions

ETS exposure at different trimesters of pregnancy was associated with an increased risk of GDM among non‐smoking pregnant women. These findings emphasise the importance of preventing ETS exposure during pregnancy.
The functional mechanism behind the latitudinal pattern of liana diversity: Freeze–thaw embolism reduces the ecological performance of liana species
Authors: Lobos‐Catalán Paulina , Jiménez‐Castillo Mylthon
Published: September 2023

There is a strong decrease in liana diversity along latitudinal and altitudinal gradients at a global scale, and there is a marked difference in liana diversity between tropical and temperate ecosystems. From these observations, it has been proposed that cold temperatures would restrict the ecological patterns of liana because of their vascular system's vulnerability to freeze–thaw embolism. Our objective was to establish the functional mechanism that drives the loss of liana diversity along a latitudinal temperature gradient. We evaluate the ecological performance of liana in 10 different species based on the apical growth rate, as well as functional traits associated with efficiency (maximum hydraulic conductivity and percentage conductivity lost) and safety of water transport (vessel diameter, vessel density, wood density, and root pressure). We found that at the colder (more southern) site within the latitudinal gradient, liana species showed lower performance, with a fivefold decrease in their apical growth rate as compared to the warmer (more northern) sites. We postulate that this lower performance results from a much lower water transport efficiency (26.1‐fold decrease as compared to liana species that inhabit warmer sites) that results from higher freeze–thaw (37.5% of PLC) and reduction of vessel diameter (3 times narrower). These results are unmistakable evidence that cold temperature restricts liana performance: in a cold environment, liana species exhibit a strong decrease in performance, low efficiency, and higher safety of water transport. Conversely, at warmer sites, we found that liana species exhibit functional strategies associated with higher performance, higher efficiency, and lower safety of water transport capacity. This trade‐off between efficiency and safety of water transport and their effects on performance could explain the latitudinal pattern of liana diversity.
Comment on “Human‐directed attachment behaviour in wolves suggests standing ancestral variation for human‐dog attachment bonds”
Authors: Gácsi Márta , Miklósi Ádám , Topál József
Published: September 2023

In their recent paper, Hansen Wheat et al. (Ecology and Evolution, 2022,12, e9299) claimed that hand raised 23‐week‐old wolves showed the same attachment behaviour towards their handler in the Strange Situation Test (SST) (Determinants of infant behavior, 1969,4, 111) as dogs. At first glance, their results seem to contradict previous findings that domestication caused a unique change in social‐affiliative behaviours in dogs (Animal Behaviour, 2005,70, 1367). We argue that no persuading evidence was presented to claim that “wolves can show attachment behaviours towards humans comparable to those of dogs”. When dealing with a behaviour system (Child Development, 1977,48, 1184), the subjects' behaviour must meet consistent criteria (Behavioural and Brain Science, 1978,3, 417), and a few behavioural preferences should not be used to claim the presence of an attachment system, especially, if the experiment violates basic assumptions of the original test. We believe the intriguing scientific question is whether the dog‐owner relationship is qualitatively different from what could be observed in the wolf‐hand raiser relation. Assessing all available data, our answer is still yes; dogs are unique in this respect.
Assessing the Toxicity of Sea Salt to Early Life Stages of Freshwater Mussels: Implications for Sea Level Rise in Coastal Rivers
Authors: McIver Joseph K. , Cope W. Gregory , Bringolf Robert B. , Kwak Thomas J. , Watson Brian , Maynard Amy , Mair Rachel
Published: September 2023

Sea levels across the planet are rising, particularly along the eastern coast of the United States. Climate-induced sea level rise can result in the inundation and intrusion of seawater into freshwater drainages. This would alter salinity regimes and lead to the salinization of coastal freshwater ecosystems. Increased salinity levels in freshwater can negatively affect freshwater-dependent species, including native mussels belonging to the order Unionida, which are highly sensitive to changes in water quality. Sea salt is largely made up of sodium and chloride ions, forming sodium chloride, a known toxicant to freshwater mussels. However, sea salt is a mixture that also contains other major ions, including potassium, sulfate, calcium, strontium, and magnesium, among others. Freshwater mussels exposed to sea salt would be exposed to each of the sea salt ions at the same time, resulting in a mixture toxicity effect. The mixture toxicity of these ions on early life stages of freshwater mussels is largely unknown because most research to date has evaluated individual salt ions in relative isolation. Therefore, we conducted acute toxicity tests on early life stages (glochidia and juvenile) of three freshwater mussel species that inhabit Atlantic Slope drainages (nonsalinity-adapted Atlanticoncha ochracea, salinity-adapted A. ochracea, Sagittunio nasutus, and Utterbackiana implicata). Glochidia and juveniles of each species were exposed to a control and six concentrations of Instant Ocean® Sea Salt (IOSS), a synthetic sea salt that closely resembles the ionic composition of natural sea salt. Exposure concentrations were 1 part(s) per thousand (ppt), 2 ppt, 8.5 ppt, 12.5 ppt, 17 ppt, and 34 ppt. We calculated the median effect concentration (EC50) for each of the eight acute toxicity tests and found that glochidia were more sensitive than juveniles to IOSS. At hour 24 EC50s for the glochidia ranged from 0.38 to 3.6 ppt, with the most sensitive freshwater mussel being the nonsalinity-adapted A. ochracea, exhibiting an EC50 of 0.38 ppt (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.33–0.44). Juvenile freshwater mussels exhibited EC50s at hour 96 ranging from 5.0 to 10.4 ppt, with the least sensitive freshwater mussel being the nonsalinity-adapted A. ochracea, exhibiting an EC50 of 10.4 ppt (95% CI 9.1–12.0). Our results show that acute exposure to sea salt adversely affects freshwater mussel viability, particularly glochidia. This information can be used to enhance freshwater mussel conservation strategies in regions that are or will be impacted by climate-induced sea level rise and associated freshwater salinization. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:2478–2489. © 2023 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
Dandelion polysaccharide treatment protects against dextran sodium sulfate‐induced colitis by suppressing NF‐κB/NLRP3 inflammasome‐mediated inflammation and activating Nrf2 in mouse colon
Authors: Wang Shuo , Wu Ping , Fan Zongqiang , He Xingrui , Liu Jinqian , Li Ming , Chen Fang
Published: September 2023

The treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC) is still an intractable medical problem. Polysaccharides are promising candidates for the treatment of UC and have received widespread attention in recent years. The objective of this study was to explore the protective effect and underlying mechanism of dandelion polysaccharide (DP) on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)‐induced colitis in mice. Our results showed that oral administration of DP could dramatically alleviate colonic lesions, as evidenced by reduced DAI scores, shortening of colon length, and ameliorating pathologic abnormalities in colons. Additionally, the expressions of pro‐inflammatory factors (TNF‐α, IL‐1β, and IL‐6) and the infiltration of inflammation‐regulation cells, marked by myeloperoxidase and F4/80, were also inhibited after DP treatment. Moreover, DP treatment also markedly suppressed the nuclear translocation of NF‐κB‐p65 and the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Furthermore, DP also activated the Nrf2/HO‐1 pathway and reduced the oxidative stress induced by DSS. Overall, these results suggest that DP could be a promising novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of UC.
What controls the hydrochemical compositions of mountainous river water in a glacierized catchment?
Authors: Shi Xiaoyi , Kong Yanlong , Pu Tao , Wang Ke , Peng Peiyi , Ma Yanwei
Published: September 2023

Chemical weathering processes has become a growing issue in research on carbon cycling, however, mineral weathering by sulfuric acid and carbonic acid and its possible impacts on carbon cycle are yet unknown over the typical glacial catchment. To investigate the mechanisms of mineral weathering processes and its influence, the spatial–temporal variations of the major ions in Mingyong River, a glacier‐originated river located on the southeastern edge of the Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau, were investigated. The seasonal and spatial variations in river solutes were resulted from the hydrological conditions and different mineral weathering rates. The results showed that the major ion compositions of the river waters were characterized by the dominance of Ca2+, Mg2+, HCO3−, with a significantly rich in SO42−. A systematic increase in ionic concentrations (apart from NH4+ and NO3−) was observed in the river water from non‐monsoon to monsoon season as well as from upstream to downstream. Piper diagram results showed 100% (upstream‐midstream) and 72.5% (downstream) contributions to Ca‐HCO3 type, respectively, indicating that a dominated carbonate weathering to the river chemistry. The (Ca2++Mg2+)/HCO3− against (SO42−/HCO3−) scatter suggested that sulfuric and carbonic acid are responsible for chemical weathering. An increased contributions of sulfuric acid from upstream (43%) to downstream (87.3%) on the (Ca2++Mg2+) and from upstream (29.6%) to downstream (88.3%) on HCO3− using the stoichiometry analysis during the monsoon season. Contrarily, H2SO4‐related dissolution (>65%) processes controlled the carbonate weathering during the non‐monsoon season, which indicated that sulfuric acid played a significant part in the process of rock dissolution that intensifies weathering. The effects of accelerated weathering on drinking and irrigation suitability suggested that the Mingyong River water is subject to a salinity hazard. This research demonstrates that the weathering of catchments involving sulfuric acid has the potential to alter carbon cycle and should be considered in global carbon cycle models.
Anal cancer screening results from 18‐to‐34‐year‐old men who have sex with men living with HIV
Authors: Liu Yuxin , Bhardwaj Swati , Sigel Keith , Winters John , Terlizzi Joseph , Gaisa Michael M.
Published: September 2023

Men who have sex with men living with HIV (MSM LWH) are at highest risk for human papillomavirus (HPV)‐associated anal cancer. There is no consensus on the optimal screening initiation age. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and severity of anal HPV disease among MSM LWH under the age of 35, which is a currently proposed screening age threshold. Between 2014 and 2020, 1255 18‐to‐34‐year‐old MSM LWH underwent anal cytology screening. 916 were co‐tested for high‐risk HPV (HR‐HPV). 467 underwent high‐resolution anoscopy (HRA) and biopsy. Cancer registry data were queried. Predictors of abnormal cytology (ie, ≥ASCUS) and histological high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) were evaluated using unadjusted logistic regression models. Median age was 28 years (range, 18‐34). 19% received at least one dose of HPV vaccine. Abnormal cytology rate was 65%. HR‐HPV and HPV16 prevalence were 87% and 30%. Biopsy results were benign (10%), LSIL (43%) and HSIL (47%). No cases of prevalent or incident anal cancers were detected. Findings were similar between age subgroups (18‐24, 25‐29 and 30‐34) except for a higher prevalence of AIN 3 in the 30‐34 group (19%). Abnormal cytology was significantly associated with HR‐HPV infection. Histological HSIL was associated with HR‐HPV infection and cytological LSIL or worse. The absence of anal cancer in a large cohort of MSM LWH under the age of 35, despite high prevalence of anal HR‐HPV infection and precancer, supports an age‐based anal cancer screening strategy for MSM LWH.
Determinants of behaviors influencing implementation of maternal and perinatal death surveillance and response in low‐ and middle‐income countries: A systematic review of qualitative studies
Authors: Willcox Merlin L. , Okello Immaculate A. , Maidwell‐Smith Alice , Tura Abera Kenay , van den Akker Thomas , Knight Marian , Dumont Alexandre , Muller Ingrid
Published: September 2023

Background

Maternal and Perinatal Death Surveillance and Review (MPDSR) can reduce mortality but its implementation is often suboptimal, especially in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs).

Objectives

To understand the determinants of behaviors influencing implementation of MPDSR in LMICs (through a systematic review of qualitative studies), in order to plan an intervention to improve its implementation.

Search Strategy

Terms for maternal or perinatal death reviews and qualitative studies.

Selection Criteria

Qualitative studies regarding implementation of MPDSR in LMICs.

Data Collection and Analysis

We coded the included studies using the Theoretical Domains Framework and COM‐B model of behavior change (Capability, Opportunity, Motivation). We developed guiding principles for interventions to improve implementation of MPDSR.

Main Results

Fifty‐nine studies met our inclusion criteria. Capabilities required to conduct MPDSR (knowledge and technical/leadership skills) increase cumulatively from community to health facility and leadership levels. Physical and social opportunities depend on adequate data, human and financial resources, and a blame‐free environment. All stakeholders were motivated to avoid negative consequences (blame, litigation, disciplinary action).

Conclusions

Implementation of MPDSR could be improved by (1) introducing structural changes to reduce negative consequences, (2) strengthening data collection tools and information systems, (3) mobilizing adequate resources, and (4) building capabilities of all stakeholders.
A case of perforation of the prostatic abscess into the rectum resulting in a rectoprostatic fistula
Authors: Sugiyama Yuichi , Fujikawa Atsushi , Yokokawa Shuhei
Published: September 2023

Introduction

A rectoprostatic fistula complicating a prostatic abscess is extremely rare, and there are many uncertainties regarding its treatment and prognosis.

Case presentation

We present the case of a 68‐year‐old male who presented with rectal bleeding. Computed tomography reveals a prostatic abscess in contact with the rectum. As conservative treatment with antibiotics resulted in the aggravation of symptoms, we placed a transperineal catheter placement in the prostate, followed by drainage of the abscess through the catheter. The abscess communicated with the rectum, forming a rectoprostatic fistula. Subsequently, a transverse colostomy was performed. The abscess resolved, and no recurrence was observed even after 6 months of drainage. However, the rectal ulceration that resulted in the formation of the fistula persisted, and stoma closure was not achieved.

Conclusion

In cases of prostatic abscess complicated by rectoprostatic fistula, drainage of the abscess along with colostomy seems essential for a curative approach.
Nanozymes: Applications in clinical biomarker detection
Authors: Liang Dingyitai , Wang Yuning , Qian Kun
Published: September 2023

Enzymes are highly efficient catalysts employed in the biomedical field. However, their use is limited by poor stability and high cost. To address this, there is an imperative need for research on nanozymes. In the last decade, the introduction of nanozymes has led to exponential growth in research on nanozyme‐based biosensors. The rapid and precise detection of clinical biomarkers is crucial for various disease diagnostics. In recent years, researchers have developed different catalytic active nanomaterials and combined them with colorimetric, fluorescent, and electrochemical methods to detect clinical biomarkers. This review critically overviews the progress, future prospects, and challenges of nanozyme‐based clinical biomarker assays in the past few years.
Functional Connectome Hierarchy Distortions in Female Nurses With Occupational Burnout and Its Gene Expression Signatures
Authors: Shang Yingying , Su Qian , Ma Rong , Chen Miao , Zhao Ziyang , Yao Chaofan , Han Lin , Yao Zhijun , Hu Bin
Published: September 2023

Background

Burnout has become a serious public health issue worldwide, particularly during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Functional connectome impairments associated with occupational burnout were widely distributed, involving both low‐level sensorimotor cortices and high‐level association cortices.

Purpose

To investigate whether there are hierarchical perturbations in the functional connectomes and if these perturbations are potentially influenced by genetic factors in nurses who feel “burned out.”

Study Type

Prospective, case control.

Population

Thirty‐three female nurses with occupational burnout (aged 27–40, 32.42 ± 3.37) and 32 matched nurses who were not feeling burned out (aged 27–42, 32.50 ± 4.21).

Field Strength/Sequence

3.0 T, gradient‐echo echo‐planar imaging sequence (GE‐EPI).

Assessment

Gradient‐based techniques were used to depict the perturbations in the multi‐dimensional hierarchical structure of the macroscale connectome. Gene expression data were acquired from the Allen Human Brain Atlas.

Statistical Tests

Cortex‐wide multivariate analyses were used for between‐group differences in gradients as well as association analyses between the hierarchy distortions and the MBI score (FDR corrected). Partial least squares, spin test and bootstrapping were utilized together to select the gene sets (FDR corrected). Gene enrichment analyses (GO, KEGG and cell‐type) were further performed. Significance level: P < 0.05.

Results

There were significant gradient distortions, with strong between‐group effects in the somatosensory network and moderate effects in the higher‐order default‐mode network, which were significantly correlated with the gene expression profiles (r = 0.3171). The most related genes were broadly involved in the cellular response to minerals, neuronal plasticity, and the circadian rhythm pathway (q value < 0.01). Significant enrichments were found in excitatory (r = 0.2588), inhibitory neurons (r = 0.2610), and astrocytes cells (r = 0.2633). Regions affected by burnout severity were mainly distributed in the association and visual cortices.

Data Conclusion

By connecting in vivo imaging to genes, cell classes, and clinical data, this study provides a framework to understand functional impairments in occupational burnout and how the microscopic genetic architecture drive macroscopic distortions.

Evidence Level

1

Technical Efficacy

Stage 2
Do bacteriophages have activity in synovial fluid and against synovial fluid induced bacterial aggregates?
Authors: Yu Guangchao , Doub James B. , Mao Yuzhu , Kjellerup Birthe V.
Published: September 2023

Bacteriophage therapy is a promising adjuvant therapy for the treatment of periprosthetic joint infections. However, there is a paucity of knowledge about the activity of bacteriophages in synovial fluid. Therefore, this study evaluated the activity of a clinically used bacteriophage in synovial fluid as well as the ability of that bacteriophage to prevent the formation of and eradicate bacteria in synovial fluid induced aggregates. The results of this study reinforce that synovial fluid induced aggregates form rapidly in numerous synovial fluid concentrations. More importantly, there was a statistically significant reduction in bacteriophage activity in synovial fluid compared to tryptic soy broth (p < 0.05) and the bacteriophage could not prevent the formation synovial fluid induced aggregates. Also the bacteriophage could not significantly reduce the amount of bacteria in the synovial fluid induced aggregates when compared to controls, and this was not secondary to resistance. Rather the reduced activity seems to be caused by bacteriophages being hindered in the ability to attach to bacterial receptors. We hypothesize this occurred because the viscosity of synovial fluid slowed bacteriophage interactions with planktonic bacteria and the synovial fluid polymers obstructed the bacteriophage attachment receptors thereby preventing attachment to bacteria in the aggregates. These findings have clinical ramifications, supporting the use of bacteriophage therapy as an adjunct to surgical interventions and not in isolation, at the nascent stage. While these findings show a shortcoming of bacteriophage therapy in periprosthetic joint infections, the knowledge gained should spearhead further research to ultimately devise effective and reproducible bacteriophage therapeutics.
Facile synthesis of spherical covalent organic frameworks for enrichment and quantification of aryl organophosphate esters in mouse serum and tissues
Authors: Wu Yijing , Zheng Wenjun , Chen Canrong , Yang Linyan , Tong Ping , Zhong Yanhui , Lin Zian , Cai Zongwei
Published: September 2023

Here, an imine‐linked‐based spherical covalent organic framework (COF) was prepared at room temperature. The as‐synthesized spherical COF served as an adsorbent in dispersive solid‐phase extraction (dSPE), by its virtue of great surface area (1542.68 m2/g), regular distribution of pore size (2.95 nm), and excellent stability. Therefore, a simple and high‐efficiency dispersive solid phase extraction method based on a spherical COF coupled with high‐performance liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC‐MS/MS) was established to determine aryl organophosphate esters in biological samples. This approach displayed favorable linearity in the range of 10.0–1000.0 ng/L (r > 0.9989), a high signal enhancement factor (58.8–181.8 folds) with low limits of detection (0.3–3.3 ng/L). Moreover, it could effectively eliminate complex matrix interference to accurately extract seven aryl organophosphate esters from mouse serum and tissue samples with spiked recoveries of 82.0%–117.4%. The as‐synthesized spherical COF has been successfully applied in sample preparation. The dSPE‐HPLC‐MS/MS method based on a spherical COF has potential application to study the pollutants' metabolism in vivo.
Evaluation of a 3‐year teledermoscopy project in primary healthcare centres in Belgium
Authors: Damsin Thomas , Canivet Grégory , Jacquemin Pauline , Seidel Laurence , Absil Gilles , Giet Didier , Gillet Pierre , Nikkels Arjen F.
Published: September 2023

Background

With the increasing incidence of skin cancer and limited access to specialised care, teledermoscopy (TDS) may represent a useful triage tool for skin cancer detection.

Objectives

An evaluation of a 3‐year TDS project in primary healthcare centres (PHCs) in Belgium (TELESPOT project).

Methods

A total of nine PHCs were trained to use an in‐house developed smartphone‐based application for macroscopic and dermoscopic acquisition of skin lesions, subsequently analysed independently by two investigators in a tertiary university skin cancer centre. The primary outcome was the proportion of high‐priority management (HPM) recommendations. Secondary outcomes included the TDS diagnoses, the quality of image acquisition, the mean time between HPM recommendations and subsequent surgery, the correlation between HPM reports and histopathology after surgery as well as patient and general practitioner satisfaction scores. All the endpoints were compared between the initial year of the TDS project and the subsequent 2‐year extension period of the study.

Results

Over 3 years, a total of 478 lesions were analysed in 335 patients: initial phase (105 lesions from 76 patients in six PHCs) and extension phase (373 lesions from 259 patients in nine PHCs). An HPM was recommended in 9.2% (initial and extension phases: 7.6% and 15.7%, respectively). The dermoscopic‐histological correlation achieved 84.1%. The median delay between HPM and surgery was 9 days.

Conclusions

This TDS project avoided unnecessary tertiary care visits in about 9 out of 10 cases, increased the HPM by a ninefold in comparison with the conventional care pathway and provided excellent satisfaction levels for PHCs and patients. Long‐term participation improved the triage quality for suspect skin lesions by 2.24‐fold.
Smart Biomaterials in Biomedical Applications: Current Advances and Possible Future Directions
Authors: Cecen Berivan , Hassan Shabir , Li Xin , Zhang Yu Shrike
Published: September 2023

Smart biomaterials with the capacity to alter their properties in response to an outside stimulus or from within the environment around them have picked up significant attention in the biomedical community. This is primarily due to the interest in their biomedical applications that may be anticipated from them in a considerable number of dynamic structures and devices. Shape‐memory materials are some of these materials that have been exclusively used for these applications. They exhibit unique structural reconfiguration features they adapt as per the provided environmental conditions and can be designed for their enhanced biocompatibility. Numerous research initiatives have focused on these smart biocompatible materials over the last few decades to enhance their biomedical applications. Shape‐memory materials play a significant role in this regard to meet new surgical and medical devices’ requirements for special features and utility cases. Because of the favorable design variety, different biomedical shape‐memory materials can be developed by modifying their chemical and physical behaviors to accommodate the desired requirements. In this review, recent advances and characteristics of smart biomaterials for biomedical applications are described. The authors also discuss about their clinical translations in tissue engineering, drug delivery, and medical devices.
Water‐Soluble Squaramide‐Functionalized Copolymers for Anion Recognition
Authors: Lane Jakob D. E. , Shiels Gabrielle , Ramamurthi Parathan , Müllner Markus , Jolliffe Katrina A.
Published: September 2023

A series of ethylene glycol‐based squaramide‐containing copolymers are synthesized via a post‐polymerization functionalization strategy. Conversion of polymeric amines to squaramides is found to proceed in good yields, representing a versatile method of incorporating squaramides into polymers for anion recognition. Analysis of the polymers by UV‐Vis and fluorescence spectroscopy revealed that anion binding takes place similarly to that of small‐molecule squaramides. The presence of a fluorescent sensing group on polymer‐bound squaramides allowed for a fluorescent sensing mechanism for anions that followed a similar trend in selectivity in aqueous DMSO solution, with selectivity observed for H2PO4−, AcO− and SO42− over other common anions tested. The anion response and selectivity towards anions is similar to that of analogous small‐molecule squaramides, however polymeric squaramides exhibited a greater resistance to deprotonation by more basic anions, which is attributed to the closer proximity of individual squaramides on a macromolecule. The squaramide‐containing polymers exhibited good water solubility, overcoming a common problem for anion sensors which are typically not sufficiently soluble in water to function in many required applications. Despite no anion binding being observed in water, this study represents a simple and effective method of creating fully water‐soluble anion receptors which may be adapted to give improved binding affinity and selectivity depending on the anion binding moiety.
Assessing the impact of pure market, government, and social organization interaction on the effectiveness of public service procurement
Authors: Li Xiaohan , Lv Yang , Liu Yibo
Published: September 2023

This study employs qualitative comparative analysis to investigate the effects of different interaction modes, namely, functional substitution and strategic cooperation, on the effectiveness of public service procurement. It reveals that the interaction between the government and social organizations in China's current public service procurement presents a composite form, combining functional substitution and strategic cooperation. Government support for social organizations plays a critical role in procurement effectiveness. The greater the government support, the higher the effectiveness of public service procurement. The study finds that “pure market” and “pure competition” do not necessarily contribute positively to the effectiveness of public service procurement.
Understanding your audience: The influence of social media user‐type on informational behaviors and hazard adjustments during Hurricane Dorian
Authors: Silver Amber , Behlendorf Brandon
Published: September 2023

In 2019, Hurricane Dorian affected Atlantic Canada with widespread impacts across the region. In the days preceding landfall, there was a great deal of discussion about the storm and its potential impacts. This discussion also extended onto Twitter, which provided a platform for users to engage with storm‐related information. In this research, we disseminated a questionnaire to residents of Atlantic Canada from late September to late October through Qualtrics, an online survey provider. The questionnaire explored how Twitter influenced respondents' (n = 1218) self‐reported informational behaviors (i.e., searching, sharing, and processing) and behavioral responses before, during, and after the storm. The results demonstrate that users' informational needs and preferences were closely related to their online behaviors. For example, conduits (i.e., those who both searched for and shared information) were highly proactive users who disseminated information about evacuations, recommended protective actions, and other official guidance more so than others. Conduits were also the most likely to heed official guidance in terms of their own preparedness and response. Amplifiers (i.e., those who only share information) and consumers (i.e., those who only search for information) were also motivated to take action by information they saw online, albeit at lower rates than conduits. Lastly, the results demonstrate that users can be positively influenced by information they see online even if they do not actively engage with it. Taken together, the results of this study suggest that Twitter users may interact with storm‐related information in more nuanced and complex ways than previously understood.
The role of convection in the existence of wavefronts for biased movements
Authors: Berti Diego , Corli Andrea , Malaguti Luisa
Published: September 2023

We investigate a model, inspired by Johnston et al. (2017) to describe the movement of a biological population which consists of isolated and grouped organisms. We introduce biases in the movements and then obtain a scalar reaction–diffusion equation that includes a convective term as a consequence of the biases. We focus on the case the diffusivity makes the parabolic equation of forward–backward–forward type and the reaction term models a strong Allee effect, with the Allee parameter lying between the two internal zeros of the diffusion. In such a case, the unbiased equation (i.e., without convection) possesses no smooth traveling‐wave solutions; on the contrary, in the presence of convection, we show that traveling‐wave solutions do exist for some significant choices of the parameters. We also study the sign of their speeds, which provides information on the long term behavior of the population, namely, its survival or extinction.
A branch‐and‐price‐and‐cut algorithm for the truck‐drone routing problem with simultaneously delivery and pickup
Authors: Li Dongwei , Ignatius Joshua , Wang Dujuan , Yin Yunqiang , Cheng T.C.E.
Published: September 2023

Increasing environmental concerns and e‐commerce has attracted a growing focus on reverse logistics that not only delivers some goods to customers but also picks up other goods from customers. To achieve cost‐efficient and fast deliveries, integrating drones into the delivery and pickup services provides a competitive advantage, which however increases the operational challenges. We consider a truck‐drone routing problem with simultaneous delivery and pickup, where each truck carries a set of heterogeneous drones. Each truck can simultaneously perform its own delivery and pickup, and serve as an intermediate movable depot from which multiple drones can be dispatched to serve customers when the truck arrives at a customer, and the truck must wait until all the drones return. The energy consumption of drones is considered during their flights. All the delivery services must be performed, whereas the pickup services are optional with certain rewards. The objective is to find the synthetic‐routes of the truck‐drone combinations so as to minimize the sum of the assignment cost and the transport cost of the trucks and drones minus the total pickup revenue. To solve the problem, we devise a tailored branch‐and‐price‐and‐cut algorithm incorporating a specialized two‐stage bidirectional labeling algorithm to solve the challenging pricing problem. To enhance the efficiency of the algorithm, we use the subset‐row inequalities to tighten the lower bound, and apply some heuristic pricing strategies to quickly solve the pricing problem. We perform extensive numerical studies to assess the performance of the developed algorithm, analyze the merit of the truck‐drone cooperative service mode over the truck‐only service mode and the superiority of the configuration with heterogeneous drones, and ascertain the impacts of the key model parameters to generate managerial insights. We also show how our model would perform should it be used for the medical supply delivery and pickup in Shenzhen, China.
The collagen landscape in cancer: profiling collagens in tumors and in circulation reveals novel markers of cancer‐associated fibroblast subtypes
Authors: Thorlacius‐Ussing Jeppe , Jensen Christina , Nissen Neel I , Cox Thomas R , Kalluri Raghu , Karsdal Morten , Willumsen Nicholas
Published: September 2023

Cancer‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs) deposit and remodel collagens in the tumor stroma, impacting cancer progression and efficacy of interventions. CAFs are the focus of new therapeutics with the aim of normalizing the tumor microenvironment. To do this, a better understanding of CAF heterogeneity and collagen composition in cancer is needed. In this study, we sought to profile the expression of collagens at multiple levels with the goal of identifying cancer biomarkers. We investigated the collagen expression pattern in various cell types and CAF subtypes in a publicly available single‐cell RNA sequencing (RNA‐seq) dataset of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Next, we investigated the collagen expression profile in tumor samples across cancer types from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and evaluated if specific patterns of collagen expression were associated with prognosis. Finally, we profiled circulating collagen peptides using a panel of immunoassays to measure collagen fragments in the serum of cancer patients. We found that pancreatic stellate cells and fibroblasts were the primary producers of collagens in the pancreas. COL1A1, COL3A1, COL5A1, COL6A1 were expressed in all CAF subtypes, whereas COL8A1, COL10A1, COL11A1, COL12A1 were specific to myofibroblast CAFs (myCAF) and COL14A1 specific to inflammatory CAFs (iCAF). In TCGA database, myCAF collagens COL10A1 and COL11A1 were elevated across solid tumor types, and multiple associations between high expression and worse survival were found. Finally, circulating collagen biomarkers were elevated in the serum of patients with cancer relative to healthy controls with COL11A1 (myCAF) having the best diagnostic accuracy of the markers measured. In conclusion, CAFs express a noncanonical collagen profile with specific collagen subtypes associated with iCAFs and myCAFs in PDAC. These collagens are deregulated at the cellular, tumor, and systemic levels across different solid tumors and associate with survival. These findings could lead to new discoveries such as novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets. © 2023 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Feasibility and preliminary efficacy of the Balance Program to reduce pain‐related disability in pediatric sickle cell disease
Authors: Connolly Megan E. , Forman Sydney , Sharkey Christina M. , Merwin Stephanie , Darbari Deepika S. , Hardy Steven J.
Published: September 2023

Background

Sickle cell disease (SCD) pain is associated with functional impairment, and treatment is often limited to pharmacological approaches with unwanted side effects. Although behavioral interventions exist for non‐SCD pain populations, interventions designed to address pain‐related impairment in SCD are lacking.

Methods

Twenty youth (9‐17 years) with SCD completed a four‐week telemedicine pain intervention (NCT04388241). Participants and caregivers completed baseline and post‐intervention PROMIS pain measures and the Treatment Evaluation Inventory‐Short Form (TEI‐SF). Descriptive analyses assessed feasibility and acceptability. Reliable Change Index analyses assessed for significant post‐intervention changes in pain functioning. Paired t test analyses compared baseline and post‐intervention opioid prescription fills.

Results

All participants completed at least one treatment session. Eighteen (90%) youth completed all sessions. Youth (100%) and caregivers (94%) rated the intervention as moderately or highly acceptable on the TEI‐SF. Forty‐seven percent of caregivers and 44% of youth reported reliably significant improvements in pain interference after the intervention (median T‐score differences: 24.8 and 23.5, respectively). Sixty‐five percent of caregivers (T‐score improvement difference: 19.3) and 31% of youth (T‐score improvement difference: 32) reported improvements in pain behaviors. There was no significant difference in opioid prescription fills pre‐ and post‐intervention (P > 0.05).

Conclusions

The Balance Program is feasible, highly acceptable, and can be delivered remotely to reduce barriers to care. Approximately half of youth and caregivers reported significant declines in pain interference following the intervention, with substantial improvements in functioning for treatment responders. Behavioral pain interventions are important adjunctive treatments to uniquely address functional impairment associated with acute and chronic pain in SCD.
Pharmacoepidemiological research at the Medicines Monitoring Unit, Scotland: data protection and confidentiality
Authors: Evans Josie M. M. , McNaughton David , Donnan Peter T. , MacDonald Thomas M.
Published: September 2023

The Medicines Monitoring Unit (MEMO) is a University‐based organization that uses record‐linkage techniques to construct an observational database for the population of Tayside, Scotland (approximately 400 000 people). This contains healthcare data indexed by a unique identifier, including data on all prescriptions dispensed, which facilitates pharmacoepidemiological (and other) research. It has hitherto been possible to carry out drug safety studies in the entire population, with access to original medical records of patients where necessary, that have satisfied ethical concerns and confidentiality legislation. However, the recent UK Data Protection Act 1998 (which enforces the 1995 European Directive on Data Protection) has important implications for MEMO's research. The Act has necessitated changes to the way in which research studies are carried out, with MEMO's objective being to ensure that research can continue while protecting the rights and privacy of individual patients. This involves anonymization of data, seeking specific ethical approval for research studies and obtaining relevant permissions from ‘Caldicott Guardians’, as described in this article. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Morphomics‐informed population pharmacokinetic and physiologically‐based pharmacokinetic modeling to optimize cefazolin surgical prophylaxis
Authors: Liu Shuhan , Matvekas Aleksas , Naimi Tamara , Ghanem Aws , Li Ruiting , Rajanayake Krishani , Derstine Brian , Ross Brian , Sullivan June , Yun Hyun Gi , Regenbogen Scott , Byrn John , Su Grace , Wang Stewart , Pai Manjunath P.
Published: September 2023

Introduction

Cefazolin is the leading antibiotic used to prevent surgical site infections worldwide. Consensus guidelines recommend adjustment of the cefazolin dose above and below 120 kg without regard to body composition. Algorithms exist to repurpose radiologic data into body composition (morphomics) and inform dosing decisions in obesity.

Objectives

To compare the current standard of body weight to morphomic measurements as covariates of cefazolin pharmacokinetics and aid dose stratification of cefazolin in patients with obesity undergoing colorectal surgery.

Methods

This prospective study measured cefazolin plasma, fat, and colon tissue concentrations in colorectal surgery patients in order to develop a morphomics‐informed population pharmacokinetic (PopPK) model to guide dose adjustments. A physiologically‐based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model was also constructed to inform tissue partitioning in morbidly obese patients (n = 21, body mass index ≥35 kg/m2 with one or more co‐morbid conditions).

Results

Morphomics and pharmacokinetic data were available in 58 patients with a median [min, max] weight and age of 95.9 [68.5, 148.8] kg and 55 [25, 79] years, respectively. The plasma‐to‐subcutaneous fat partition coefficient was predicted to be 0.072 and 0.060 by the PopPK and PBPK models, respectively. The estimated creatinine clearance (eCLcr) and body depth at the third lumbar vertebra (body depth_L3) were identified as covariates of cefazolin exposure. The probability of maintaining subcutaneous fat concentrations above 2 μg/mL for 100% of a 4‐h surgical period was below 90% when eCLcr ≥105 mL/min and body depth_L3 ≥ 300 mm and less sensitive to the rate of infusion between 5 and 60 min.

Conclusions

Kidney function and morphomics were more informative than body weight as covariates of cefazolin target site exposure. Data from more diverse populations, consensus on target cefazolin exposure, and comparative studies are needed before a change in practice can be implemented.