bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Seasonal patterns in nest survival of a subtropical wading bird, the Hawaiian Stilt (Himantopus mexicanus knudseni)
Authors: Harmon Kristen C. , Wehr Nathaniel H. , Price Melissa R.
Published: February 2021

Nest survival is influenced by where and when birds decide to breed. For ground-nesting species, nest-site characteristics, such as vegetation height and proximity to water, may impact the likelihood of nest flooding or depredation. Further, habitat characteristics, and thus nest survival, may fluctuate across the breeding season. The Hawaiian Stilt (‘Ae‘o; Himantopus mexicanus knudseni) is an endangered Hawaiian waterbird that nests in wetlands across the Hawaiian Islands. In this study, we used observational surveys and nest cameras to examine the impact of nest-site characteristics and day of nesting season on nest survival of the Hawaiian Stilt. Early nests had a higher chance of survival than late nests. For most of the nesting season, taller vegetation was correlated with increased nest survival, while shorter vegetation was correlated with increased nest survival late in the nesting season. Seasonal patterns in nest survival may be due to changes in parental behavior or predator activity. Nest depredation was responsible for 55% of confirmed nest failures and introduced mammals were the primary nest predators. Our study is the first to examine seasonality in nest survival of Hawaiian Stilts and suggests that, despite longer nesting seasons and year-round occupation of wetlands, late nesters in subtropical regions may have lower nest survival than early nesters, similar to trends observed in temperate regions.
Effect of ultra-processed foods consumption on glycemic control and gestational weight gain in pregnant with pregestational diabetes mellitus using carbohydrate counting
Authors: Silva Carolina F. M. , Saunders Claudia , Peres Wilza , Folino Bárbara , Kamel Taiana , dos Santos Mayara Silva , Padilha Patrícia
Published: February 2021

Aims

The aims were to evaluate the consumption of ultra-processed foods by pregnant women with pre-existing diabetes mellitus (DM) using the carbohydrate counting method, in addition to investigating the association with total gestational weight gain and glycemic control.

Methods

A cohort study of adult Brazilian pregnant women with pre-existing DM. Dietary intake was evaluated adopting theNOVAclassification to identify the reported consumption of ultra-processed foods. Weight was measured at all consultations and laboratory tests were evaluated at each gestational trimester. Multivariate linear regression was used in the analysis.

Results

Pregnant women (n= 42) presented mean total gestational weight gain of 12.02 ± 4.8 kg, 65.8% of them with inadequate weight gain. Daily consumption of ultra-processed foods was 272.37 ± 170.55 kcal. The increase of every 1 kcal in the calorie intake from ultra-processed foods in the third trimester increased glycated hemoglobin by 0.007% (β = 0.007,p= 0.025), raised 1-h postprandial glucose by 0.14 mg/dL (β = 0.143,p= 0.011), and added 0.11 kg to total gestational weight gain (β = 0.11,p= 0.006).

Conclusion

Ultra-processed food consumption influenced glycemic control and total gestational weight gain in pregnant women with DM.
Night of the hunter: using cameras to quantify nocturnal activity in desert spiders
Authors: Potter Tamara I. , Greenville Aaron C. , Dickman Christopher R.
Published: February 2021

Invertebrates dominate the animal world in terms of abundance, diversity and biomass, and play critical roles in maintaining ecosystem function. Despite their obvious importance, disproportionate research attention remains focused on vertebrates, with knowledge and understanding of invertebrate ecology still lacking. Due to their inherent advantages, usage of camera traps in ecology has risen dramatically over the last three decades, especially for research on mammals. However, few studies have used cameras to reliably detect fauna such as invertebrates or used cameras to examine specific aspects of invertebrate ecology. Previous research investigating the interaction between wolf spiders (Lycosidae: Lycosa spp.) and the lesser hairy-footed dunnart (Sminthopsis youngsoni) found that camera traps provide a viable method for examining temporal activity patterns and interactions between these species. Here, we re-examine lycosid activity to determine whether these patterns vary with different environmental conditions, specifically between burned and unburned habitats and the crests and bases of sand dunes, and whether cameras are able to detect other invertebrate fauna. Twenty-four cameras were deployed over a 3-month period in an arid region in central Australia, capturing 2,356 confirmed images of seven invertebrate taxa, including 155 time-lapse images of lycosids. Overall, there was no clear difference in temporal activity with respect to dune position or fire history, but twice as many lycosids were detected in unburned compared to burned areas. Despite some limitations, camera traps appear to have considerable utility as a tool for determining the diel activity patterns and habitat use of larger arthropods such as wolf spiders, and we recommend greater uptake in their usage in future.
Dengue and Chikungunya Mono and Co-infections among Patients with Acute Febrile Illness
Authors: Gupta Swati , Agrawal Sachee , Shastri Jayanthi
Published: February 2021

Introduction: Dengue and Chikungunya fever are arboviral diseases which are spread by a common vector. Being clinically indistinguishable, it is necessary to distinguish both either by molecular or serology testing. Aim: To estimate the seroprevalence of Dengue and Chikungunya mono-infection as well as dual infection in patients with acute febrile illness. Materials and Methods: Two hundred patients with acute febrile illness were enrolled from April 2015 to October 2016. Detailed clinical history was documented. Samples were collected and subjected to Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay (ELISA) testing. For qualitative data, frequency percentage table was used and association was done using Chi-square test. Results: Out of 200 patients, 8.5% had Chikungunya mono-infection and 41.5% patients had Dengue mono-infection. Dengue and Chikungunya co-infection was found in 4.5% patients. Most affected age group was 18-60 years wherein male preponderance was seen. In Chikungunya fever, 82.4% had morning stiffness and 35.3% had joint swelling; elbow and knee were the most commonly affected joints. In Chikungunya fever, 76.5% patients had restricted joint movements and 52.9% had Visual Analog Score (VAS) of 6-10. In Dengue fever, myalgia (67.5%) and rash (20.5%) were common symptoms. A total of 61.4% patients of Dengue fever had low platelet count. All Chikungunya cases and 88.1% Dengue cases detected by PCR had fever duration of less than five days. 85% of Chikungunya and 69% of Dengue cases detected by IgM ELISA had fever duration of more than five days. Conclusion: Diagnostic algorithms of acute febrile illness cases should include testing by both molecular and serology for both the viruses, which is the absolute need of the hour.
Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles and Molecular Characterisation of Vancomycin Resistance Genes in Enterococcus spp in Algeria
Authors: Rahmoun Malika , Rebiahi Sid Ahmed , Hassaine Hafida , Boutarfi Zakaria , Soufi Leila
Published: February 2021

Introduction: The vanA gene continues to spread throughout the world. Algeria does not seem to be spared, but the data, which remain sporadic, are also old. This has justified the overriding interest in exploring the current state of antibiotic resistance in Enterococci, while focusing on the presence of certain genes. Aim: To study the isolation frequency and the level of antibiotic resistance of Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) and Enterococcus faecium (E. faecium) isolated during two years at the Tlemcen Hospital (northwest Algeria), while investigating the possible presence of Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci (VRE). Materials and Methods: The present study was a prospective study in which Enterococcus spp was isolated from five different departments which were identified and confirmed by molecular identification with ‘tuf’ gene. Antibiotic sensitivity was done by the agar diffusion and Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) method. The vancomycin resistance genes (van A, van B) were researched by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and then sequenced by the Genoscreen laboratory in Lille (France). SPSS software version 20 (IBM Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) statistics 20) was used to analyse the data obtained from the study. Results: The PCR of the “tuf” gene revealed two predominant species E. faecalis and E. faecium. All isolates have a multidrug resistance, two E. faecium were distinguished by their resistance to vancomycin with MICs >256 μg/mL. At the origin of this resistance, the vanA gene was characterised and sequenced; the obtained sequence has been introduced into the Genbank National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database. Conclusion: This work revealed alarming levels of antibiotic resistance in Enterococci, the vanA gene was found in two E. faecium; sequencing of this gene has revealed a total homology with another isolated in Cuba, which demonstrates a worldwide spread of this resistance gene.
Identification of Dengue Serotypes using a Single Serum Specimen Algorithm in a Tertiary Care Hospital, Alappuzha, Kerala, India
Authors: Das Parvathy Vijayamohana , Anukumar Balakrishnan , Balakrishnan Sobha
Published: February 2021

Introduction: The geographic location of Alappuzha, a district in the South Indian state of Kerala, the distinct weather conditions and frequent natural calamities present a unique ecology that contributes to the prevalence of vector-borne diseases like dengue. Early dengue virus infection can be detected by using a combination of tests on a single serum specimen. Aim: To identify the dengue virus serotypes among hospitalised patients in a South Indian teaching hospital in Alappuzha, Kerala, India. Materials and Methods: Patient samples that tested positive for dengue non-structural protein-1 (NS1) antigen by ELISA were further evaluated for dengue virus RNA by real-time, multiplex reverse transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and the serotype was determined. Anonymised patient data was collected using a questionnaire as a data collection tool. The data was analysed for statistical significance. Results: Among 422 non-duplicate patient serum samples received in the Department of Microbiology, in the year 2019, 30 were positive for dengue NS1 antigen by ELISA. Dengue viral RNA was detected in 50% of the samples (15/30). DENV-3 serotype was the most prevalent (nine) followed by DENV-1 (five) and DENV-2 (one). Common presentations of the patients were fever, headache, and myalgia. No statistically significant association was found between a PCR positive result and the presence of warning signs and thrombocytopenia. Conclusion: DENV-3 was the most common serotype in the study population. Early dengue virus infection is associated with varied symptoms.
Intellectual Use of Personal Protective Equipment in the View of COVID-19 Global Demand Crises
Authors: Gunalan Anitha , Sarumathi D , Madigubba Haritha , Sastry Apurba Sankar
Published: February 2021

A pandemic of an intense respiratory condition brought about by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) which started first in Wuhan, China, presently known as Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), started in December 2019 has pulled in an exceptional measure of consideration around the world. A far-reaching knowledge on the prevention strategies is rudimentary for Health Care Providers (HCPs) when trying to ensure themselves, patients, associates and the overall population from this transmission of disease. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) - which includes masks, coverall, aprons, and other additional outfits are one of the important prevention strategy and control for all healthcare staff including attendants. Understanding the usage of PPE will help HCPs to properly utilise PPE thereby, lessening redundant expense. A convenient comprehension on ideal utilisation of PPE and executing compelling preventive measures are critical for a good control of the disease and can assist clinicians with mitigating further transmission by taking appropriate measures.
Constraints Faced by Self-help Groups under Deendayal Antyodaya Yojana – National Rural Livelihood Mission in Uttarakhand State
Authors: Rana Pratima , Bhardwaj Neelam
Published: February 2021

After independence the main agenda for development of society was poverty alleviation. 26.1% of the total population lives below poverty line. Sustainability and improvement in the life of rural people is the main agenda of all developmental programmes. During that time all the development programmes implemented by the government were unified into one self employment programme referred to as Swarna Jayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojana (SGSY). The Ministry of Rural Development was determined to restructure the continuing SGSY into National Rural Livelihood Mission (NRLM). The main strategy was to encourage women in rural households to be part of Self-Help Group. Deendayal Antyodaya Yojana - National Rural Livelihoods Mission (DAY-NRLM) was launched in June 2011. The constraints were the restrictions SHG women members face in performing various functions in the SHGs. For the study purpose the interview schedule was prepared, women member (n=280) and government officials (n=20) were asked about the various constraints being faced by them. Based on the findings of the study, various constraints were Administrative constraints (majority of the respondents reported less number of working staff as a major constraint), Social constraints (reluctance of the members to take leadership role was the main constraint reported by SHG members), Empowering constraints (lack of freedom to take decisions and lack of equal treatment were reported as the major constraints), Management constraints (lack of space was the major constraint) and marketing constraints (transportation problems and lack of market information were reported as the major constraints).
Price Competitiveness and Supply Response of Rice Producers in Nigeria: Implications for Agricultural Trade
Authors: Azifuaku E. N. , Ugwumba C. O. A. , Okoli T. O. , Okeke Uche
Published: February 2021

This study examined the price competitiveness and supply response of rice producers in Nigeria and its implication for agricultural trade. Specifically, it examined the trade balance for rice; examined price volatility; estimated supply response coefficients and the determinants of supply response of rice producers in Nigeria. Data were collected from secondary sources and covered the period 1972 to 2017. Data analyses were achieved using descriptive and inferential statistics.  Results indicated a negative trade balance (x = - N20/kg) between imported rice and domestic rice. Price volatility result showed that volatility in agricultural markets was high, with that of imported rice being higher than domestic rice, then maize. Supply response coefficients for rice indicated that production output, price of maize and annual rainfall statistically and significantly influenced supply of rice while domestic price of local rice, price of imported rice and government expenditure on agriculture were not significant. All the series were stationary in the first difference and there was linear combination or long-run equilibrium relationship among the co-integrated variables. There were price adjustments between short-run to long-run equilibrium and the error correction coefficient was -0.209. Further results showed that the price and probably favoured quality of imported rice constrained domestic production and negatively impacted rice exports from Nigeria. This indicates a potentially significant impediment to the expansion of rice production in Nigeria. Government must put in place guaranteed minimum price for rice, and be ready to act as buyer of last resort, as incentives for the farmers, to sustainably increase production and the country to attain self-sufficiency in the short-run. Government and non-governmental institutions should provide improved production inputs and modern processing facilities to enhance the competitiveness of local rice against imported rice, both in terms of quality and price.
Pomegranate (Punica granata L.) Inner Decay Caused by Gluconobacter oxydans Bacterium
Authors: Armanious Hanaa A. H.
Published: February 2021

During the autumn of 2018, inner fruit decay symptoms were observed in pomegranate fruits collected from markets in different localities and farms from Giza, Minia and Assuit Governorates, Egypt. Similar symptoms were observed in each location. The symptoms appeared as creamy bright growth of bacteria in the mesocarp layer, decayed both arils and seeds. Bacteria were isolated from these decayed fruits. The pathogenicity test for isolated bacteria was done. Also, the expressed symptom was compared with the original observed symptoms as followed in Koch postulates. Based on morphological characteristics, analysis of 16S rDNA Genes sequences, and pathogenicity test on pomegranate fruits, the causal agent was identified as Gluconobacter oxydans. Possible control attempts were implemented included applying of essential oils. The results revealed that essential oils of Marjoram, followed by Chamomile expressed the most effective against infection with the bacterium when compared with the control.
Effects of Irrigation Systems on Farming Practices: Evidence from Oluch-Kimira Scheme, Homa Bay County, Kenya
Authors: Makone Samson M. , Basweti Evans A. , Bunyatta David K.
Published: February 2021

Irrigation waters have vast benefits to the soils especially where they are installed. Some of the benefits of water includes: facilitating nutrient circulation within the soil profile, assist in nutrient uptake by various plants, enhance transpiration as well as enhances nutrient diffusion in the soil. But also irrigation systems have negative effects to soils mostly including environmental impacts. The current study wanted to investigate the effects of irrigation systems on farming practices in Oluch-Kimira. A survey methodology with an Ex-post facto research design was used with a sampling frame consisting of 340 small-scale farmers. A sample of 332 irrigation participants and 8 non irrigation participants were chosen for the study using random sampling. Primary data was collected through interview schedules administered to participants in irrigated agriculture and Non participants. It was revealed that before irrigation technology the level of embracing farming systems was at 3.96% (R2=0.0396) while after introduction of irrigation technologies the embracing lever increased to 55.6% (R2=0.556), a clear indication that the farming systems in the study areas improved due to presence of waters or humid environment brought about irrigation and water in general. The results also revealed that increased irrigation technologies have also improved the farming practices and eventually improved good agricultural practices.
Performance Audit in the Public Sector: A Bibliometric Analysis in the International Journal
Authors: Marthin Andrew , Nurdiono . , Dewi Fajar Gustiawaty , Gamayuni Rindu Rika
Published: February 2021

Aims: This research was conducted to determine the development of research articles on performance audit in the public sector published in international journals over the last10 years, to find out the map of collaboration between researchers, to figure out the topics of great interest in research, and to present which topics that have the opportunity to investigate in further research.

Study Design: This research is a literature study using the bibliometrics analysis method.

Place and Duration of Study: The Google Scholar database, period 2010 to 2020.

Methodology: In the initial search, there were 503 journals found, the next selection was to look for journal articles that specifically discuss audit performance in the public sector, found as many as 33 journals.

Results: After further observation of the 33 article titles, it was found that eleven articles were published in international journals with Q1-Q3 criteria in Scimago and as many as 22 articles were published in international journals. The topic of audit performance, efficiency, and effectiveness became the most popular topic in articles during the period 2010 to 2020.

Conclusion: Based on the studies that have been carried out, it can be concluded that the growth of scientific articles for performance audit researchers in the public sector during the last ten years was on average 3% or as many as 3 to 4 articles per year. Judging from its occurrences, there are still very few topics of interest. The words effectiveness, efficiency, and economy are still very little used in research articles, so this word becomes an opportunity for further research development.
Prediction of Cases of Infection and Deaths Caused by COVID-19 in Mexico through the Construction of Probabilistic Models under Health Conditions in 2020
Authors: Escamilla Juan Bacilio Guerrero , Pérez Sócrates López , Martínez Yamile Rangel
Published: February 2021

In the present research work, two probabilistic models are constructed, which are exponential regression and negative binomial regression. The first one refers to the number of positive cases of being infected by COVID-19. The second one refers to deaths. It was possible to estimate the dynamics of the phenomenon with both instruments, resulting in the presence of more than 106 thousand positive cases of COVID - 19, with an approximation of more than 9 thousand deaths, all of this, in approximately 4 months. In the first case, these were the results, which when updated with data issued by the federal government's health sector in November, changed the contagion scenarios and the estimates of deaths from covid-19.
Case Study: Patient with 7p14–P21 Deletion Spanning the TWIST Gene and the HOXA Gene Cluster
Authors: Mebrouk Nadia , Barkat Amina
Published: February 2021

Introduction: While several literature reports have been published about patients with microdeletions within chromosome 7p, only a small fraction of those reports is specific to deletions that encompass the TWIST gene and HOXA gene cluster.  The large-span deletions within this cluster result in haploinsufficiency of six genes known to have a role in different autosomal dominant genetic disorders: TWIST1, GSDME (DFNA5), CYCS, HOXA11, HOXA13, and GARS.  Deletion of TWIST1 gene on 7p21 and deletion of HOXA cluster on 7pl5.2 lead to Saethre-Chotzen syndrome and to hand-foot-genital syndrome, respectively.

Objectives: Our patient presented with a phenotype combining Saethre-Chotzen syndrome (SCS) and hand-foot-genital syndrome (HFS), which is similar to previously reported cases with a deletion spanning 7p21– p14.3. The objective of our report is to correlate the clinical observations with the patient’s genetic test result, namely 46,XY,del(7)(p14p21).

Patient and Methods: We describe a patient who had manifestations of SCS and HFU, caused by an interstitial deletion of chromosome 7p21–p14 detected by RHG band.

Results and Conclusion: We therefore confirm previous reports that microdeletions of 7p spanning the TWIST gene and HOXA gene cluster lead to a clinically recognizable ‘haploinsufficiency syndrome’.  All of the features of this patient could be accounted for by combined effect of the deletion of the TWIST and HOXA cluster.
Efficacy of Commonly Used Mosquito Coils Containing Pyrethrin against Lymphatic Filariasis Vector Culex quinquefasciatus (Say) in Gombe
Authors: Shuiabu Abdulmalik Bala , Ishaku Muhammed , Yoriyo Kennedy Poloma , Abba Ezra , Bukar Ahmadu , Umar Musa Umar
Published: February 2021

Aims: Mosquito coil is a common insect repellant used in many homes to repel and kill mosquitoes that transmit diseases and another insect pest. The present study was conducted to explore the potency of the commonly used brand of mosquito coil containing pyrethroids against Culex quinquefasciatus in Gombe and its communities.

Place and Duration of Study: Department of Biological sciences insectary laboratory of Gombe State University, Gombe, Nigeria between August and December 2017.

Methodology: Four (4) different brands tagged; C1, C2, C3 and C4 containing 0.08% Merperflutrin, 0.2% Pyrethroids, 0.05% Transflutrine + 0.1% Esbiothrin and 0.25% d-Trans-allethrin respectively were investigated. Ten (10) reared adult mosquitoes were transferred separately into various containers using an aspirator. Data on knockdown time and Adult mortality were recorded.  All the data collected were analyzed using SPSS version 24.0. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used to determine the significant difference between the treatments at P=.05.  

Results: Merperflutrin 0.08%, Transflutrine 0.05% + Esbiothrin 0.1% and 0.25% d-Transalletrin recorded highest mortality of 100% each and 0.2% Pyrethroids recorded 96% mortality at 24hours of exposure to the treatment respectively. The mortality is time- dependent and all the treatments show significant mortality at P=.05. Transflutrine 0.05% + Esbiothrin 0.1% recorded the lowest KT50 value of 2.41 min.

Conclusion: Merperflutrin 0.08%, and Transflutrine 0.05% + Esbiothrin 0.1% have the highest efficacy; faster knockdown rate and could be used as a repellent in minimizing the population of the indoor resting density of mosquitoes’ species in our homes.
Study of Type and Extent of Training Received by KVK Trainees
Authors: Karak Sabyasachi , Mukhopadhyay Siddhartha Dev
Published: February 2021

The present study has been conducted in three blocks of Nadia district with the specific objectives to ascertain the preferences of the trainees about different broad areas of training imparted by Gayeshpur Krishi Vigyan Kendra (hereafter to be mentioned as KVK); to ascertain the extent of training attended by trainee; and to study the extent of training received by KVK trainees on different aspects of farming. Data related with different aspects of research like, extent of attending training; preference of respondents for different aspects of training, extent of training received on different aspects etc. have been collected from 120 respondents of two study blocks by administering structured interview schedule. Data so collected were analyzed by use of appropriate statistical tools as discussed in methodological section. The results of the study showed that majority of the respondents attended training program in once in a three-month followed by once in six months and twice in a month respectively. The study also depicted that respondents had differential preferences for different aspects of training as well as they have received differential levels of training on different aspects of training imparted through KVK. The study can be concluded that respondents attended training program moderately to the tune of once in three months and once in six months; they were found to have semi-medium level of preferences about different aspects of training; primarily they have received medium level of training on seed science, crop production, plant protection and animal husbandry. In case of horticulture, it was found that majority of the respondents received high level of training followed by sei-medium level.
Self Assessment Tools (SAT) as One of the Basic Tools for Performance Management: A Critique
Authors: Etalong Thomas Alama
Published: February 2021

The alignment of employees to the organizational goal, vision and mission is very imperative and cannot be emphasize enough. As such, there is need for organizations to deliberately bring their workforce on board to achieve this set goals or targets. It is also important for employees to assess themselves from time to time to ascertain that they are up-to- date with the vision, goal and mission of the organization, this literally translate into self-assessment- a process of keeping self in proper check to ascertain correctness and alignment with organizational objective. The central theme of this article is to examine the role of Self-Assessment Tool (SAT) in performance management, the article also examine the shortfall of this tool developed by Bureau for Public Service Reform (BPSR). The method adopted for this study is survey method using questionnaires, one hundred questionnaires were administered among forty (40) junior, thirty (30) senior staff in the Office of the Secretary to the State Government (SSG), Enugu State, twenty (20) contract staff and ten (10) permanent staff of First Bank Plc, presidential road, Enugu. The results from the analysis shows that, the results from Self-Assessment Tool (SAT) are not made public and it gives preferences to government agencies at the detriment of private sector. The paper further X-ray the importance of performance management, ranging from reduced costs in the organization, aligns the organization directly between its employees and the strategic goals and stop project overruns. The paper concludes by noting that the result of the assessment may be made public, to guide policy making process and finally, the private sector should also be incorporated into the tool.
Enhanced Routing Schedule - Imbalanced Classification Algorithm for IOT based Software Defined Networks
Authors: Mayilsamy Jayaprakash , Rangasamy Devi Priya
Published: February 2021

Route scheduling optimization is important in SDN network. The SDN network needs the best solution for route optimization. Limited networking of software is the most interesting development in this field as it is important to provide a fast and reliable routing path based on its need. The IoT supports software defined applications interface in the overall networks. The SDN is recommended by enhancing the SDN architecture's benefits in improving research network quality. SDN network information exchange is one of the most important factor. It is important to plan the information accordingly and adjust a load of information to the SDN. A Maximum throughput scheduling process is proposed, which is upgraded using the Imbalanced Classification Algorithm. SDN has shown the advantage in many ways compared to the traditional network. But the problem of load inconstancy still occurs in SDN. The imbalanced classification method supports the maximum throughput schedule function and integrates load balancing strategies to improve SDN networks' Performance. Classification is to be proposed based on machine command in QoS. An imbalanced classification learning method is used for improving the QoS requirements and shows that the simulated results of the identified traffic load balance and maximum throughputs in the proposed solutions. Functionality has been improved much better than previous functions in the same area.
Enhancement of Energy Efficient Routing Scheduling Algorithm based on SDN Using IoT
Authors: Mayilsamy Jayaprakash , Rangasamy Devi Priya
Published: February 2021

The Internet of Things (IoT) and Software Defined Network (SDN) are two development tools. The administrators organize SDN combined plans and the internet's corporate control by the Internet of Things in decoupling the plane and the flight information. The SDN Providence proposals flexible and programmable IoT in the network. Improvement of energy efficiency in assembly operations in the sequence of legal leadership and command of contract permits for the development of any creative office. Each of the most important processes that enable effective and cost-effective routing is planning and transportation management, including scheduling options. The existing system If Packaging and an optimal network deliver solutions to this problem. In each automatic carrier, there are limitations of breach capacity and time limit. The optimization model first level establishes an IoT Network and verifies the Request and response received the signal. The second step is to identify the effective insertion process and the practical data load balancing method for the two-term operations every process, and third level configures the IoT model. Finally, routing scheduling section included to identify the node features significantly change the reality. The similarities in planning, traffic management, and network planning need implicit. They will reduce cost and improve energy efficiency by eliminating the time to support them. Therefore, alignment, planning, routing and routing path selection in the production process are be mentioned throughout the similarities.
Poids moléculaire d'un récepteur membranaire d'UDP‐glucose
Authors: Berthillier Gisèle , Frot-Coutaz Jacques , Got René
Published: July 2002

Rat liver microsomal membranes have been shown to contain an UDP‐glucose binding protein. Its mol. wt was estimated to be 120 000 by gel filtration and by ultracentrifugation in a sucrose gradient. The receptor activity was purified by gel filtration on Sephadex G 200 and analysed by gel‐electrofocusing.
Photorespiration
Authors: Halliwell Barry
Published: July 2002

A meeting of the British Photobiology Society on the subject of ‘Photorespiration’ was held at King's College, London, on January 6th, 1976. The following topics were discussed.
Use of an IgG fragment prepared with particulate plasmin to study the C1 binding and activation
Authors: Arlaud G.J. , Meyer C.M. , Colomb M.G.
Published: July 2002

The nomenclature of the complement components (C1, C1q, C1r, C1s) follows the W.H.O. recommendations. Enzymatic activities are expressed in nanokatals (nkat.) as recommended in the Enzyme Nomenclature (1973).
Effet de proteines basiques de faible poids moleculaire sur le transfert de mannose dans les microsomes d'Aspergillus niger
Authors: Letoublon Robert , Got René
Published: July 2002

Basic proteins of low molecular weight activate the transfer of mannose to endogenous glycoprotein acceptors in microsomal membranes of Aspergillus niger. The enhancement of mannosyltransferase activity is linked to the activation of the transport of mannose across the membrane. The role of these polycationic proteins on the membrane permeability is discussed.
Magnetic resonance study of glycophorin A‐containing 13C‐enriched methionines
Authors: Hardy Robert E. , Dill Kilian
Published: July 2002

Methionine‐81 and/or ‐8 of the transmembrane sialoglycoprotein, glycophorin A, have been specifically alkylated with 13CH3I to produce the sulfonium ion derivatives [S‐[13C]methylmethionine‐8]glycophorin A and [S‐[13C]methylmethionine‐8 and ‐81]glycophorin A. 13C NMR spectra of these species show that the resonances of the methyl groups of the modified glycophorins occur at 26.1 ppm downfield from Me4Si. A spin‐lattice relaxation time of 0.4 was observed for the 13C‐enriched methyl resonances of the sulfonium ion derivatives of Met‐8 and ‐81, which corresponds to an effective correlation time of < 2× 10−10 s. Demethylation of the 2 glycophorin A sulfonium ion species with 2‐mercaptoethanol produces native glycophorin A which now has the ε‐carbon of the methionine residue(s) 45% isotopically enriched. The ε‐carbon of Met‐8 was found to occur at 15.7 ppm downfield from Me4Si whereas the ε‐carbon of Met‐81 exhibited an unusual chemical shift of 2.0 ppm downfield from Me4Si. The spin‐lattice relaxation time of both resonances was found to be ∼0.3 s.
Inhibition of DNA replication in vitro by pefloxacin
Authors: Badet Bernard , Hughes Patrick , Kohiyama Masamichi , Forterre Patrick
Published: July 2002

Pefloxacin (a novel quinolone antibiotic) is demonstrated to be a drug inhibiting DNA replication 10‐times more efficiently than oxolinic acid measured either in toluene‐treated E. coli or in an in vitro replication system for oriC plasmids [6]. DNA repair synthesis is not inhibited by the drug.
Essential role of coenzyme A in pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase activity
Authors: Siess E.A. , Weiland O.H.
Published: July 2002

The rate of phosphorylation and concomitant inactivation of purified pig heart muscle pyruvate dehydrogenase complex by intrinsic kinase (EC 2.7.1.99) is markedly accelerated by the addition of coenzyme A to the incubation medium, showing a half‐maximum effect at 1.8 μM. The pantetheine moiety is the effective part of the coenzyme A molecule. The free thiol group is prerequisite for the stimulatory action, acetyl‐CoA, benzoyl‐CoA or CoAS‐SCoA being ineffectual. The thiol's specificity is evidenced by showing that dithiothreitol, 2‐mercaptoethanol or glutathione up to 5 mM failed to replace coenzyme A. The possibility is considered that coenzyme A might act as a physiological modifier of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase activity.
Effects of eicosatetraynoic acid (ETYA) on cultured pig thyroid cells
Authors: Haye Bernard , Gerard Corinne , Jacquemin Claude
Published: July 2002

The arachidonate inhibition of the adenylate‐cyclase system of cultured pig thyroid cells was not mediated by cyclooxygenase, lipoxygenase or peroxidase metabolites. Indeed ETYA, an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase, and methimazole, an inhibitor of peroxidase and iodination were without effect on the arachidonate inhibition. Moreover the effect of arachidonate was amplified by a combination with ETYA. In 32P incorporation experiments we observed a modification of the labelling of individual phospholipids of cultured pig thyroid cells resulting in a decrease into phosphatidylinositol (PI) and an increase into phosphatidate (PA) of arachidonate and ETYA‐treated cells. These results may be explained by an inhibition of CDP‐diacylglycerol: inositol transferase and conversely a stimulation of PI specific phospholipase C yielding a decrease in PI and an increase in PA, which inhibits in turn adenylate cyclase activity possibly by Ca2+ translocation.
The turnover of cytochrome P450b
Authors: Gasser R. , Hauri H.P. , Meyer U.A.
Published: July 2002

The turnover of the heme and apocytochrome moieties of phenobarbital‐inducible microsomal cytochrome P450 (P450b) was investigated. Adult male Sprague—Dawley rats were treated with phenobarbital for 5 days and injected with [35S]methionine and the heme precursor δ‐[3H]‐aminolevulinic acid. P450b was isolated by immunoprecipitation and quantitated by rocket immunoelectrophoresis. The isotope disappearance curves revealed a mean half‐life (T

) of 12.4 h for the heme moiety and a T

of 19.1 h for the apoprotein moeity of P450b. The apparently slower catabolic rate of the apoprotein may be due to reutilization of [35S]methionine and does not exclude synchronous turnover of the two moieties. Our data are consistent with the kinetics of the drug‐mediated induction of cytochrome P450b.
An extended Ca2+‐hypothesis of visual transduction with a role for cyclic GMP
Authors: Fatt P.
Published: July 2002

A model is described having the following features: Light induces Ca2+ release from vertebrate rod outer segments discs via pores composed of multimeric rhodopsin. Cytoplasmic Ca2+ reversibly blocks Na+ channels of the surface membrane, with the time course of development and amplitude of the response to light being influenced by restrictions on intradiscal Ca2+ diffusion. The falling phase of response reflects a decline in cytoplasmic [Ca2+] due to a Ca2+‐binding protein controlled by cyclic GMP so that its binding capacity is increased by the reduction in cytoplasmic [cyclic GMP] which follows rhodopsin bleaching.
Transmembrane potential variations accompanying the PMA‐triggered O−2 and H2O2 release by mouse peritoneal macrophages
Authors: Lepoivre Michel , Tenu Jean-Pierre , Petit Jean-François
Published: July 2002

Stimulation by PMA of Streptococci‐elicited macrophages induced a transient membrane depolarization preceding the onset of detectable O−
2 production. Mice‐resident peritoneal macrophages were unresponsive to PMA for both activities. The PMA‐triggered membrane depolarization seemed to be independent from O−
2 production because inhibition of membrane depolarization by EGTA had no effect on rates of O−
2 or H2O2 release and rate of antimycin A insensitive O2 uptake by Streptococci‐elicited macrophages. The portion of O2 uptake recovered as O−
2 was found to be . The rate of O−
2 release was twice the rate of H2O2 production (1.1 nmol H2O2.min−.106 macrophages−1).
Base‐pair formation between 18 S ribosomal RNA and globin mRNA during initiation of protein synthesis in vitro
Authors: Erni Bernhard , Staehelin Theophil
Published: July 2002

A stable complex between 18 S rRNA and globin mRNA has been isolated from 40 S initiation complexes in the reconstituted reticulocyte cell free system. This complex is only formed under the conditions which also lead to an initiation complex active in protein synthesis. The mRNA—18 S rRNA interactions has properties compatible with base‐pairing. This observation is discussed in the context with other, in part controversial, observations relating to base pairing as a step in initiation of eukaryotic protein synthesis.
Mechanism of lactose—proton cotransport in Escherichia coli
Authors: Lancaster Jack R.
Published: July 2002

Rigorous kinetic derivations are presented for the Site Exposure mechanism of lactose—proton cotransport in E. coli [J. Theor. Biol. (1978) 75, 35–50]. Proton translocation inwards is solely associated with the external exposure of the galactoside binding site. A symmetric dimer configuration of the transporter is proposed, resulting in two forms corresponding to the cis and the trans orientation of the binding sites. The cis to trans orientation is inherently unfavorable, induced only by transmembrane substrate gradients. Recently reported extensive kinetic data are straightforwardly predicted by this mechanism, including the complicated effects on the apparent affinity and maximal velocity of uptake exhibited by changes in the magnitude of the proton electrochemical gradient.
Transmembrane electrical potential formation by chloroplast ATPase complex (CF1‐CF0) proteoliposomes
Authors: Shahak Yosepha , Admon Arie , Avron Mordhay
Published: July 2002

Formation of a transmembrane electric potential coupled to ATP hydrolysis is demonstrated in chloroplast ATPase complex containing proteoliposomes. The ATP‐induced signals were detected through absorbance changes of the membrane potential‐responding dye oxonol VI. They were inhibited by the specific energy‐transfer inhibitor, tentoxin and the ionophore valinomycin while stimulated by nigericin. Calibration of the transmembrane potential signal was possible by the application of a proton diffusion potential. The ATP‐induced transmembrane potential was estimated to be 40–50 mV.
The effect of estrogen on the concentration of ovalbumin gene sequence in the 2 M NaCl residual fraction of oviduct chromatin
Authors: Mirell Carol J. , Bekhor Isaac
Published: July 2002

Oviduct chromatin was isolated from both estrogenized and non‐estrogenized hens. Extraction of the chromatin with 2 M NaCl removed a majority of the proteins, and the resulting DNA was then separated into two components: (1) a major fraction which was virtually protein‐free; and (2) a minor fraction which was complexed with proteins. It was found that the DNA fraction that is complexed with proteins contained ovalbumin gene sequences and that the concentration of these sequences could be boosted by estrogen‐treatment.
pH‐jump‐induced phosphorylation of ADP in the cyanobacterium Anacystis nidulans
Authors: Muchl Robert , Peschek Günter A.
Published: July 2002

The low ATP levels in dark anaerobic cells of the cyanobacterium Anacystis nidulans more than doubled within 5 s after rapid addition of HCl shifting external pH from 9.0 to 4.5. Steady‐state levels of ATP and intracellular pH remained constant at 0.95 ± 0.15 nmol/mg dry weight and 6.9 ± 0.3, respectively. ΔpH‐induced ATP synthesis was inhibited by dicyclohexylcarbodiimide and carbonyl cyanide m‐chlorophenylhydrazone but not by carbon monoxide. According to our results the cytoplasmic membrane of A. nidulans has to be regarded as an energy‐transducing membrane bioenergetically similar to the thylakoid membrane.
Induction of 2′,5′ oligo(A) synthetase in tumor‐bearing mice with encephalomyocarditis (EMC) virus of poly(I)poly(C)
Authors: Galaktidou G. , Kortsaris A. , Koliais S.I.
Published: July 2002

Infection of 13 month‐old C3H mice with EMC virus or inoculation with the interferon inducer poly(I)poly(C) results in elevated levels of the enzyme 2′,5′ oligo(A) synthetase only in animals with spontaneous tumors (breast cancer or hepatomas). High enzymatic activities are detected in homogenates from liver, spleen, plasma and neoplastic cells of the animals with breast carcinomas and only in the neoplastic liver cells of the animals with hepatomas.
In vitro formation of different tubulin polymers from purified tubulin of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells
Authors: Doenges K.H. , Zimmermann H.-P. , Flemming M. , Schroeter D.
Published: July 2002

Preparations of cycled tubulin from Ehrlich ascites tumor cells contain several acessory proteins; once or twice cycled microtubule preparations are usually composed of fibers 10 nm in diameter, but lack vimentin. Highly purified tubulin consists of α‐ and β‐tubulin and a minor component which was identified by peptide mapping as a second β‐chain. This pure tubulin is able to form in vitro at low concentrations (1 mg protein/ml) fibers of about 10 nm width, and at higher concentrations (3.5 mg protein/ml) normal microtubules.
Evidence for the presence of DNase—actin complex in L1210 leukemia cells
Authors: Malicka-Blaszkiewicz Maria , Roth Jay S.
Published: July 2002

L1210 leukemia cell cytosol was analysed for the presence of DNase I activity. No free activity was determined in crude cytosol. DNase I enzyme was found to occur in a latent form bound to cytoplasmic actin. DNase‐actin complex was partially isolated by Sephadex filtration and DNase I‐like activity was demonstrated after SDS gel electrophoresis of the complex and enzyme renaturation. The results were compared with those for synthetic complex of pancreatic bovine DNase I and chicken muscle actin.
Stretches of alternating poly(T‐dG), with the capacity to form Z‐DNA, are present in human liver transcripts
Authors: Santoro C. , Costanzo F.
Published: July 2002

A cDNA clone consisting of a stretch of poly(T—dG) alternating residues, a potential Z‐DNA forming sequence, was identified in a human cDNA library. The result of Northern blot analysis confirms that this sequence is transcribed into polyadenylated RNA in human liver.
Temperature‐dependent conformational changes in isolated oligomycin‐sensitive ATPase
Authors: Curatola Giovanna , Fiorini Rosa Maria , Solaini Giancarlo , Baracca Alessandra , Castelli Giovanna Parenti , Lenaz Giorgio
Published: July 2002

Isolated oligomycin‐sensitive ATPase undergoes a kinetic change at 20–25°C with a higher activation energy and a lower K
m for ATP below this temperature range. This observation has been correlated with temperature‐dependent structural changes detected by circular dichroism in the UV region in the isolated enzyme. The negative ellipticities in the 208‐225 nm region, which are proportional to the α‐helix content, increase with rise in temperature to a maximum above 25°C.
Hemoglobin Okayama [β‐2 (NA 2) His → Gln]: A new ‘silent’ hemoglobin variant with substituted amino acid residue at the 2,3‐diphosphoglycerate binding site
Authors: Harano Teruo , Harano Keiko , Shibata Susumu , Ueda Satoshi , Mori Hiroo , Arimasa Naomichi
Published: July 2002

A new ‘silent’ abnormal hemoglobin, Hb Okayama [β2 (NA 2) His → Gln], happened to be discovered in a diabetic Japanese female living in Okayama Prefecture, Japan, in the course of glyco‐Hb measurement of the blood samples of diabetic patients. This variant did not differ from Hb A by conventional electrophoretic tests. Only the isoelectric focusing on PAG plate for the determination of glyco‐Hb and the cation exchanger chromatography were successful in the separation of this abnormal variant from Hb A and glyco‐Hb. Functional study of the whole blood demonstrated a slight increase of oxygen affinity.
Phosphorylation of fibronectin in quiescent and growing cell cultures
Authors: Ali Iqbal Unnisa
Published: July 2002

Phosphorylation of fibronectin was studied in quiescent vs growing cells from several species. Fibronectin secreted by actively growing cells exhibits a significantly higher level of phosphorylation than does the fibronectin secreted by quiescent cells of the same species.