bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Resilience Mediates Impact of Some Childhood Maltreatment on Post‐Traumatic Stress Symptoms in Conscripted Marines in the Republic of Korea
Authors: Kim Heejung , Kim Sun Ah , Kong Seongsook
Published: December 2016

Although it is known that post‐traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) can result from military service, the variance in PTSS unexplained by military service warrants further investigation, and no researchers have investigated South Korean Marines’ vulnerability during their 2‐year conscripted service as the first line of national defense against threats from North Korea. This study was designed to examine whether resilience mediated the relationship between childhood maltreatment and PTSS in 169 Korean conscripts into the Marine Corps. In a cross‐sectional study design, the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire—Short Form was used to measure childhood maltreatment, including abuse and neglect. The Impact of Event Scale—Revised and the Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale were used to measure PTSS and resilience. Structural equation modeling was used for data analysis. Half the conscripts reported at least one type of childhood maltreatment, and 22.3% had high PTSS, even in a short period of service. Childhood abuse was significantly associated with PTSS during military service, a relationship that was not mediated by resilience. However, resilience mediated the relationship between childhood neglect and PTSS during military service. Assessment of childhood maltreatment and resilience prior to military service is crucial for identifying conscripts at increased risk for PTSS during even brief military service. In addition to direct interventions for abuse effects among all Marines, interventions enhancing resilience may benefit conscripts who experienced childhood neglect. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A machine learning approach for ranking clusters of docked protein‐protein complexes by pairwise cluster comparison
Authors: Pfeiffenberger Erik , Chaleil Raphael A.G. , Moal Iain H. , Bates Paul A.
Published: December 2016

Reliable identification of near‐native poses of docked protein–protein complexes is still an unsolved problem. The intrinsic heterogeneity of protein–protein interactions is challenging for traditional biophysical or knowledge based potentials and the identification of many false positive binding sites is not unusual. Often, ranking protocols are based on initial clustering of docked poses followed by the application of an energy function to rank each cluster according to its lowest energy member. Here, we present an approach of cluster ranking based not only on one molecular descriptor (e.g., an energy function) but also employing a large number of descriptors that are integrated in a machine learning model, whereby, an extremely randomized tree classifier based on 109 molecular descriptors is trained. The protocol is based on first locally enriching clusters with additional poses, the clusters are then characterized using features describing the distribution of molecular descriptors within the cluster, which are combined into a pairwise cluster comparison model to discriminate near‐native from incorrect clusters. The results show that our approach is able to identify clusters containing near‐native protein–protein complexes. In addition, we present an analysis of the descriptors with respect to their power to discriminate near native from incorrect clusters and how data transformations and recursive feature elimination can improve the ranking performance. Proteins 2017; 85:528–543. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Vertical discretizations giving optimal representation of normal modes: general equations of state
Authors: Thuburn J.
Published: December 2016

Previous work has identified a number of vertical discretizations of the non‐hydrostatic compressible Euler equations that optimally capture the propagation of acoustic, inertio‐gravity, and Rossby waves. Here, that previous work is extend to apply to a general equation of state, making it applicable to a wider range of geophysical fluid systems. It is also shown that several choices of prognostic thermodynamic variables and vertical staggering which were previously thought to be suboptimal can, in fact, give optimal wave propagation when discretized in an appropriate way. The key idea behind constructing these new optimal discretizations is to ensure that their corresponding linear system is equivalent to that of a certain, most fundamental, optimal configuration.
Estimating model evidence using data assimilation
Authors: Carrassi A. , Bocquet M. , Hannart A. , Ghil M.
Published: December 2016

We review the field of data assimilation (DA) from a Bayesian perspective and show that, in addition to its by now common application to state estimation, DA may be used for model selection. An important special case of the latter is the discrimination between a factual model–which corresponds, to the best of the modeller's knowledge, to the situation in the actual world in which a sequence of events has occurred–and a counterfactual model, in which a particular forcing or process might be absent or just quantitatively different from the actual world. Three different ensemble‐DA methods are reviewed for this purpose: the ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF), the ensemble four‐dimensional variational smoother (En‐4D‐Var), and the iterative ensemble Kalman smoother (IEnKS). An original contextual formulation of model evidence (CME) is introduced. It is shown how to apply these three methods to compute CME, using the approximated time‐dependent probability distribution functions (pdfs) each of them provide in the process of state estimation. The theoretical formulae so derived are applied to two simplified nonlinear and chaotic models: (i) the Lorenz three‐variable convection model (L63), and (ii) the Lorenz 40‐variable midlatitude atmospheric dynamics model (L95). The numerical results of these three DA‐based methods and those of an integration based on importance sampling are compared. It is found that better CME estimates are obtained by using DA, and the IEnKS method appears to be best among the DA methods. Differences among the performance of the three DA‐based methods are discussed as a function of model properties. Finally, the methodology is implemented for parameter estimation and for event attribution.
On the use of scale‐dependent precision in Earth System modelling
Authors: Thornes Tobias , Düben Peter , Palmer Tim
Published: December 2016

Increasing the resolution of numerical models has played a large part in improving the accuracy of weather and climate forecasts in recent years. Until now, this has required the use of ever more powerful computers, the energy costs of which are becoming increasingly problematic. It has therefore been proposed that forecasters switch to using more efficient ‘reduced precision’ hardware capable of sacrificing unnecessary numerical precision to save costs.

Here, an extended form of the Lorenz ‘96 idealized model atmosphere is used to test whether more accurate forecasts could be produced by lowering numerical precision more at smaller spatial scales in order to increase the model resolution. Both a scale‐dependent mixture of single‐ and half‐precision – where numbers are represented with fewer bits of information on smaller spatial scales – and ‘stochastic processors’ – where random ‘bit‐flips’ are allowed for small‐scale variables – are emulated on conventional hardware. It is found that high‐resolution parametrized models with scale‐selective reduced precision yield better short‐term and climatological forecasts than lower resolution parametrized models with conventional precision for a relatively small increase in computational cost. This suggests that a similar approach in real‐world models could lead to more accurate and efficient weather and climate forecasts.
Spatial ensemble post‐processing with standardized anomalies
Authors: Dabernig Markus , Mayr Georg J. , Messner Jakob W. , Zeileis Achim
Published: December 2016

To post‐process ensemble predictions for a particular location, statistical methods are often used, especially in complex terrain such as the Alps. When expanded to several stations, the post‐processing has to be repeated at every station individually, thus losing information about spatial coherence and increasing computational cost. Therefore, the ensemble post‐processing is modified and applied simultaneously at multiple locations. We transform observations and predictions to standardized anomalies. Seasonal and site‐specific characteristics are eliminated by subtracting a climatological mean and dividing by the climatological standard deviation from both observations and numerical forecasts. This method allows us to forecast even at locations where no observations are available. The skill of these forecasts is comparable to forecasts post‐processed individually at every station and is even better on average.
Atmospheric seasonal forecasts of the twentieth century: multi‐decadal variability in predictive skill of the winter North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and their potential value for extreme event attribution
Authors: Weisheimer Antje , Schaller Nathalie , O'Reilly Christopher , MacLeod David A. , Palmer Tim
Published: December 2016

Based on skill estimates from hindcasts made over the last couple of decades, recent studies have suggested that considerable success has been achieved in forecasting winter climate anomalies over the Euro‐Atlantic area using current‐generation dynamical forecast models. However, previous‐generation models had shown that forecasts of winter climate anomalies in the 1960s and 1970s were less successful than forecasts of the 1980s and 1990s. Given that the more recent decades have been dominated by the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) in its positive phase, it is important to know whether the performance of current models would be similarly skilful when tested over periods of a predominantly negative NAO. To this end, a new ensemble of atmospheric seasonal hindcasts covering the period 1900–2009 has been created, providing a unique tool to explore many aspects of atmospheric seasonal climate prediction. In this study we focus on two of these: multi‐decadal variability in predicting the winter NAO, and the potential value of the long seasonal hindcast datasets for the emerging science of probabilistic event attribution. The existence of relatively low skill levels during the period 1950s–1970s has been confirmed in the new dataset. The skill of the NAO forecasts is larger, however, in earlier and later periods. Whilst these inter‐decadal differences in skill are, by themselves, only marginally statistically significant, the variations in skill strongly co‐vary with statistics of the general circulation itself suggesting that such differences are indeed physically based. The mid‐century period of low forecast skill coincides with a negative NAO phase but the relationship between the NAO phase/amplitude and forecast skill is more complex than linear. Finally, we show how seasonal forecast reliability can be of importance for increasing confidence in statements of causes of extreme weather and climate events, including effects of anthropogenic climate change.
Triggering and evolution of a deep convective system in the Mediterranean Sea: modelling and observations at a very fine scale
Authors: Fiori E. , Ferraris L. , Molini L. , Siccardi F. , Kranzlmueller D. , Parodi A.
Published: December 2016

Gaining a deeper physical understanding of the high‐impact weather events which repeatedly affected the Western Mediterranean Basin in recent years on the coastal areas of eastern Spain, southern France and northern Italy is strongly motivated by the social request to reduce the casualties and the economical impacts due to these highly localized and hardly predictable phenomena.

In October 2014, an extreme event hit Genoa city centre, less than 3 years after a very similar event, which occurred in November 2011.

Taking advantage of the availability of both observational data and modelling results at the micro‐α meteorological scale, this article provides insights about the triggering mechanism and the subsequent spatio‐temporal evolution of the Genoa 2014 back‐building Mesoscale Convective System. The major finding is the effect of a virtual mountain created over the Ligurian Sea by the convergence of a cold and dry jet outflowing from the Po valley and a warm and moist low‐level southeasterly jet within the planetary boundary layer.
On the applicability of time‐dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) and semiempirical methods to the computation of excited‐state potential energy surfaces of perylene‐based dye‐aggregates
Authors: Walter Christof , Krämer Veronika , Engels Bernd
Published: December 2016

The excited states of perylene‐based dye aggregates were investigated with emphasis on the description of the potential energy surfaces for the intermolecular motion in a dimer, which are of importance for exciton trapping. The aim is to investigate the applicability of TDDFT and semiempirical methods. The longitudinal displacement of two π‐stacked molecules against each other is used as model and the methods are benchmarked against SCS‐CC2 and SCS‐ADC(2). Furthermore a simple character analysis is applied. In the case of the perylene dimer, CAM‐B3LYP and ωB97XD provide accurate results. However, while CAM‐B3LYP fails for the PBI (perylene bisimide) dimer the performance of ωB97XD is highly dependent on the used monomer geometry due to close‐lying diabatic states. A change in geometry changes the character of the excited states even qualitatively. The accuracy of several other long‐range corrected functionals (LC‐BLYP, LC‐ωPBE, ωB97X) and the effect of empirically tuning the range‐separation parameter of ωB97XD are also presented for this interesting case. Furthermore, it is shown that the semiempirical method OM2 fails to provide a correct description of the excited states when the orbital overlap plays a significant role. This is attributed to the too contracted basis set.
DDoS attacks on data plane of software‐defined network: are they possible?
Authors: Wu Xiaotong , Liu Meng , Dou Wanchun , Yu Shui
Published: December 2016

With software‐defined networking (SDN) becoming the leading technology for large‐scale networks, it is definitely expected that SDN will suffer various types of distributed denial‐of‐service (DDoS) attacks because of its centralized control logic. However, almost all of existing works concentrate on the controller overloading DDoS attacks, while vulnerabilities exposed by data plane of SDN for DDoS attacks are largely ignored. In this paper, we firstly investigate a flow rule flooding DDoS attack. By thoroughly analyzing the flow table size and miss rate, we find that attackers are able to inflict significant performance degradation over the system with limited volume of attack resource. We then prove that it is possible for attackers to maximize the performance degradation and minimize the attack rate at the same time. Besides the flooding DDoS attack, we also study a novel DDoS attack targeting data plane of SDN. By utilizing the entry lifetime management mechanism of flow tables, this attack almost never exhibits an intensive controller access behavior. It flies under the radar by inflicting non‐notable performance impact on the system, while it creates heavy long‐term financial burden on the target application. Finally, we present a potential countermeasure for this stealthy DDoS attack. Through extensive experiments, we conclude that DDoS attacks targeting data plane are possible. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Employee mobility, spin‐outs, and knowledge spill‐in: How incumbent firms can learn from new ventures
Authors: Kim Ji Youn (Rose) , Steensma H. Kevin
Published: December 2016

Research summary:We consider conditions in which incumbent firms are particularly poised to benefit from knowledge spilling in from new ventures that employ individuals previously employed by the focal incumbent firm. We distinguish between inventors who leave their incumbent employers to found spin‐outs and those who become non‐founding employees of existing new ventures. Using a sample of new ventures and incumbent firms in theU.S. information technology (IT) sector, we find that incumbents are more likely to benefit from patented knowledge that spills in from their spin‐outs than from new ventures that employ non‐founding inventors formerly employed by the respective incumbent. Any advantage that parent firms have in reaping such knowledge quickly dissipates, however, when these parents have a history of misappropriating the intellectual property of others.

Managerial summary:It has long been acknowledged that new ventures can acquire valuable knowledge from their larger and more established counterparts by hiring away their talented employees. We consider the possibility of a reverse flow of knowledge where established firms learn from those new ventures that have poached employees from them. We find that established information technology (IT) firms are more likely to learn and build on the technology of their spin‐outs (i.e., new ventures founded by their former inventors) than from new ventures that simply employ non‐founding inventors formerly employed by the respectiveITfirm. Any advantage that theseITfirms had in reaping technical know‐how from their spin‐outs quickly dissipated, however, when they had a history of misappropriating the intellectual property of others. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Patient Perspectives on Intimate Partner Violence Discussion during Genetic Counseling Sessions
Authors: Chen Christina , Greb Anne , Kalia Isha , Bajaj Komal , Klugman Susan
Published: December 2016

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a major health concern in the United States (ACOG 2013). The World Health Organization (WHO) describes IPV as any physical, sexual, psychological harm by a current or former intimate partner (WHO 2016). Due to the psychosocial depth and nature of discussions within genetic counseling sessions, patients may disclose and/or discuss IPV as it relates to sexual well‐being, reproductive and overall health. This study aims to assess the role for IPV screening, counseling and intervention in genetic counseling practice by investigating the incidence, experiences and attitudes about IPV among genetic counseling patients. Patients receiving genetic counseling at an urban metropolitan hospital were anonymously surveyed about experiences and perspectives on IPV as a topic of discussion during genetic counseling sessions. Among 60 eligible patients, 50 completed the survey (49 females, 1 male, of which, 5 identified as LGBT) ages 20 to 66. The incidence of IPV in this group was 16.0 % (n = 8). Majority of participants had never been asked about IPV by a healthcare provider (n = 32; 64.0%), would have felt comfortable answering questions about IPV by their healthcare provider (n = 34; 68.0%), and would have felt comfortable answering questions about IPV by their genetic counselor (n = 39; 78.0%). Perspectives from all participants, notably those with IPV history, provided insights to the role of genetic counselors in areas for IPV screening and counseling training.
Tolerability of ORM‐12741 and effects on episodic memory in patients with Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Rinne Juha O. , Wesnes Keith , Cummings Jeffrey L. , Hakulinen Pasi , Hallikainen Merja , Hänninen Jutta , Murphy Michael , Riordan Henry , Scheinin Mika , Soininen Hilkka , Rouru Juha
Published: December 2016

Introduction

ORM‐12741 is a novel selective antagonist of alpha‐2C adrenoceptors. This trial evaluated the safety and efficacy of ORM‐12741 in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Methods

A randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, exploratory phase 2a trial was conducted in 100 subjects with AD and neuropsychiatric symptoms. Participants were randomized to receive one of two flexible doses of ORM‐12741 (30–60 mg or 100–200 mg) or placebo b.i.d. for 12 weeks in addition to standard therapy with cholinesterase inhibitors. Efficacy was assessed primarily with the Cognitive Drug Research (CDR) computerized assessment system and secondarily with the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI).

Results

A statistically significant treatment effect was seen in one of the four primary CDR system end points, Quality of Episodic Memory (P = .030; not adjusted for multiple comparisons), favoring ORM‐12741 over placebo. NPI caregiver distress scores also favored ORM‐12741 (P = .034). ORM‐12741 was well tolerated.

Discussion

This is the first clinical trial providing evidence on an acceptable safety profile for ORM‐12741 in patients with AD and neuropsychiatric symptoms. In addition, the trial provided hints of potential therapeutic benefit, primarily on episodic memory, in this patient population.
The deterministic Kermack‒McKendrick model bounds the general stochastic epidemic
Authors: Wilkinson Robert R. , Ball Frank G. , Sharkey Kieran J.
Published: December 2016

We prove that, for Poisson transmission and recovery processes, the classic susceptible→infected→recovered (SIR) epidemic model of Kermack and McKendrick provides, for any given time t>0, a strict lower bound on the expected number of susceptibles and a strict upper bound on the expected number of recoveries in the general stochastic SIR epidemic. The proof is based on the recent message passing representation of SIR epidemics applied to a complete graph.
Steady-state analysis of a multiclass MAP/PH/cqueue with acyclic PH retrials
Authors: Dayar Tuǧrul , Can Orhan M.
Published: December 2016

A multiclassc-server retrial queueing system in which customers arrive according to a class-dependent Markovian arrival process (MAP) is considered. Service and retrial times follow class-dependent phase-type (PH) distributions with the further assumption that PH distributions of retrial times are acyclic. A necessary and sufficient condition for ergodicity is obtained from criteria based on drifts. The infinite state space of the model is truncated with an appropriately chosen Lyapunov function. The truncated model is described as a multidimensional Markov chain, and a Kronecker representation of its generator matrix is numerically analyzed.
A central limit theorem and a law of the iterated logarithm for the Biggins martingale of the supercritical branching random walk
Authors: Iksanov Alexander , Kabluchko Zakhar
Published: December 2016

Let (Wn(θ))n∈ℕ0 be the Biggins martingale associated with a supercritical branching random walk, and denote by W_∞(θ) its limit. Assuming essentially that the martingale (Wn(2θ))n∈ℕ0 is uniformly integrable and that var W1(θ) is finite, we prove a functional central limit theorem for the tail process (W∞(θ)-Wn+r(θ))r∈ℕ0 and a law of the iterated logarithm for W∞(θ)-Wn(θ) as n→∞.
Synchronization and fluctuation theorems for interacting Friedman urns
Authors: Sahasrabudhe Neeraja
Published: December 2016

We consider a model of N interacting two-colour Friedman urns. The interaction model considered is such that the reinforcement of each urn depends on the fraction of balls of a particular colour in that urn as well as the overall fraction of balls of that colour in all the urns combined together. We show that the urns synchronize almost surely and that the fraction of balls of each colour converges to the deterministic limit of one-half, which matches with the limit known for a single Friedman urn. Furthermore, we use the notion of stable convergence to obtain limit theorems for fluctuations around the synchronization limit.
An alternative axiomatic characterisation of pricing operators
Authors: Kassberger Stefan , Liebmann Thomas
Published: December 2016

In the spirit of the axiomatic approach by Rogers (1998) we show the equivalence between a set of assumptions on the behaviour of prices and the existence of a representation of these prices as conditional expectations. We rely on only weak assumptions and avoid any a priori modelling of negligible events or of any market filtration. Rather, both endogenously emerge along with the representation as conditional expectations.
Conscientious Non-objection in Intensive Care
Authors: WILKINSON DOMINIC
Published: December 2016

Discussions of conscientious objection (CO) in healthcare often concentrate on objections to interventions that relate to reproduction, such as termination of pregnancy or contraception. Nevertheless, questions of conscience can arise in other areas of medicine. For example, the intensive care unit is a locus of ethically complex and contested decisions. Ethical debate about CO usually concentrates on the issue of whether physicians should be permitted to object to particular courses of treatment; whether CO should be accommodated. In this article, I focus on the question of how clinicians ought to act: should they provide or support a course of action that is contrary to their deeply held moral beliefs? I discuss two secular examples of potential CO in intensive care, and propose that clinicians should adopt a norm of conscientious non-objection (CNO). In the face of divergent values and practice, physicians should set aside their personal moral beliefs and not object to treatment that is legally and professionally accepted and provided by their peers. Although there may be reason to permit conscientious objections in healthcare, conscientious non-objection should be encouraged, taught, and supported.
An Obsession with Perfection: William Sterndale Bennett and Composers’ Block
Authors: Horton Peter
Published: December 2016

The career of the composer, pianist, teacher and conductor William Sterndale Bennett (1816–1875) provides an excellent example of how early musical promise by no means guarantees adult success. In Bennett’s case, enthusiastic, but not undeserved, endorsements from Mendelssohn and Schumann, combined with equally high expectations from his compatriots, proved to be more of a curse than a blessing and resulted in a crisis of confidence. Drawing on many contemporary sources, among them letters, reviews and personal reminiscences, this article investigates the way in which this began to afflict Bennett in his mid-twenties. It manifested itself in various ways: first, he found it increasingly difficult to finish compositions for publication; second, and as a result of this, his output shrank considerably between the early 1840s and the late 1850s; third, most of the works he did complete were on a smaller scale than the earlier ones; fourth, as he is known to have been working on a number of works at this time of which no trace survives, one can only presume that he destroyed them. The burden of expectation, negative criticism and a dread of producing substandard work all contributed to his loss of self-belief, which was also reflected in the observable decline in his ability as a conductor. Lastly, an attempt is made to unravel the curious inverse connection between Bennett’s creativity and his marriage, and possible connections between his fantasy overture Paradise and the Peri and Schumann’s cantata of the same name. In conclusion, it reflects on the emotional ties between Bennett and two of those particularly close to him, his wife and Schumann, and posits a tentative link between their deaths and his regaining of his compositional voice.
Western diet in the perinatal period promotes dysautonomia in the offspring of adult rats
Authors: Vidal-Santos R. , Macedo F. N. , Santana M. N. S. , De Melo V. U. , de Brito Alves J. L. , Santos M. R. V. , Brito L. C. , Nascimento E. , Costa-Silva J. H. , Santana-Filho V. J.
Published: December 2016

The present study investigated the impact of a western diet during gestation and lactation on the anthropometry, serum biochemical, blood pressure and cardiovascular autonomic control on the offspring. Male Wistar rats were divided into two groups according to their mother’s diet received: control group (C: 18% calories of lipids) and westernized group (W: 32% calories of lipids). After weaning both groups received standard diet. On the 60th day of life, blood samples were collected for the analysis of fasting glucose and lipidogram. Cardiovascular parameters were measured on the same period. Autonomic nervous system modulation was evaluated by spectrum analysis of heart rate (HR) and systolic arterial pressure (SAP). The W increased glycemia (123±2v. 155±2 mg/dl), low-density lipoprotein (15±1v. 31±2 mg/dl), triglycerides (49±1v. 85±2 mg/dl), total cholesterol (75±2v. 86±2 mg/dl), and decreased high-density lipoprotein (50±4v. 38±3 mg/dl), as well as increased body mass (209±4v. 229±6 g) than C. Furthermore, the W showed higher SAP (130±4v. 157±2 mmHg), HR (357±10v. 428±14 bpm), sympathetic modulation to vessels (2.3±0.56v. 6±0.84 mmHg2) and LF/HF ratio (0.15±0.01v. 0.7±0.2) than C. These findings suggest that a western diet during pregnancy and lactation leads to overweight associated with autonomic misbalance and hypertension in adulthood.
Körperbezogene Emotionen, körperdysmorphe (Zwangs–)Symptome und soziale Ängste bei Menschen mit körperdysmorpher Störung und Menschen mit Skoliose
Authors: Grocholewski Anja , Dietzsch Franziska , Schulz Wolfgang
Published: December 2016

Zusammenfassung. Theoretischer Hintergrund: Für die körperdysmorphe Störung (KDS) und für Skoliose spielt das Körperbild eine zentrale Rolle. Fragestellung: In dieser Studie wird untersucht, wie sich KDS-Betroffene und Skoliotiker bezüglich körperbezogener Emotionen, körperdysmorpher (Zwangs–)Symptome sowie sozialer Angst voneinander und von Kontrollpersonen unterscheiden. Methode: In einer Onlinebefragung konnten Daten von 19 Personen mit KDS, 97 Skoliotikern und 69 Kontrollpersonen erhoben werden. Ergebnisse: Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass KDS-Betroffene negativere körperbezogene Emotionen und mehr körperdysmorphe (Zwangs–)Symptome aufwiesen als die Skoliotiker und die Kontrollgruppe und auch stärkere soziale Ängste berichteten. Obwohl sich Skoliotiker wider Erwarten von der Kontrollgruppe nicht unterschieden, betrug das Risiko, in der BDD-YBOCS klinisch relevante Werte zu erreichen, im Vergleich zur Kontrollgruppe 2.3. Schlussfolgerung: Für die klinische Praxis wird empfohlen, bei Skoliotikern routinemäßig ein Screening nach relevanter, aussehensbedingter Zwangssymptomatik durchzuführen.
Evaluation eines universell-präventiv eingesetzten Emotionsregulationstrainings für Kinder im Grundschulalter
Authors: Greuel Jan Felix , Heinrichs Nina
Published: December 2016

Zusammenfassung. Theoretischer Hintergrund: In den letzten Jahren wird vermehrt die Entwicklung transdiagnostisch einsetzbarer Interventionen gefordert. Ein in dieser Hinsicht vielversprechendes Konzept ist die Emotionsregulation. Fragestellung: In der vorliegenden Studie wird u. a. untersucht, ob ein Emotionsregulationstraining für das Kindesalter als transsymptomatisches, universelles Präventionsprogramm im Grundschulalter gefragt und durchführbar ist. Den Schwerpunkt bildet die Untersuchung der kurzfristigen Wirksamkeit in einer weitgehend randomisiert-kontrollierten Studie. Methode: Die verwendete Stichprobe besteht aus 163 Grundschülerinnen, die sich auf eine Interventions- (n = 63), eine Wartekontroll- (n = 70) und eine Kontrollgruppe (n = 30) verteilen. Veränderungen werden auf verschiedenen Ebenen gemessen (Entwicklungstest und Fremdbericht) und mit hierarchischer Datenanalyse evaluiert. Ergebnisse: Es ergeben sich heterogene Wirksamkeitsbefunde mit positiven, trainingsbedingten Effekten auf proximalen Maßen wie der Emotionsregulation und keinen trainingsspezifischen Effekten auf distalen Maßen wie Verhaltensproblemen. Schlussfolgerung: Die Ergebnisse sind mit den Wirksamkeitsnachweisen anderer universell eingesetzter Interventionsprogramme vergleichbar.
Virtueller sozialer Ausschluss
Authors: Pfeiffer Simone , In-Albon Tina
Published: December 2016

Zusammenfassung. Theoretischer Hintergrund: Soziale Ausgrenzung bzw. Ostrazismus bedroht das Gefühl menschlicher Existenz, da soziale Zugehörigkeit eines unserer psychologischen Grundbedürfnisse ist. Fragestellung: Der Einfluss verschiedener Experimentalbedingungen (Erhöhung der Mitspieleranzahl, Hinzufügen von Fotos, Stimmungsinduktion) im Cyberball-Paradigma in einer Stichprobe von Jugendlichen. Dieser wird anhand eines Gefühlsratings im prä-post Vergleich sowie vier psychologischen Grundbedürfnissen (Bedeutsame Existenz, Zugehörigkeit, Kontrolle und Selbstwert) untersucht. Darüber hinaus wird explorativ der Einfluss von Emotionsregulationsschwierigkeiten und Depressions-Angst-Stress-Symptomen auf den Effekt von Cyberostrazismus mit einbezogen. Methode: Bei 117 Jugendlichen zwischen 12 und 18 Jahren wurde Cyberostrazismus induziert. Ergebnisse: Nach dem Cyberballspiel zeigten Jugendliche eine signifikante Steigerung von Ärger (d = 0.61) und Traurigkeit (d = 0.57) sowie einer Reduktion von Freude (d = 0.55) und Aufregung (d = 0.47). Eine Erhöhung der Mitspielerzahl ergab eine geringere Beeinträchtigung psychologischer Grundbedürfnisse, im Vergleich zu den anderen drei Experimentalbedingungen. Depressions-Angst-Stress-Symptome und Emotionsregulationsschwierigkeiten standen im Zusammenhang mit einer signifikant stärkeren Minderung des Selbstwerts mit großer Effektstärke (f 2 = .43). Schlussfolgerung: Die Induktion von Cyberostrazimus zeigte sich in dieser Studie erfolgreich. Die erweiterten Experimentalbedingungen ergaben sowohl auf Gefühlsebene, als auch in einer Minderung psychologischer Grundbedürfnisse keine Vorteile im Vergleich zur Basisversion. Insgesamt verdeutlichen die Ergebnisse die negativen psychischen Auswirkungen von Cyberostrazismus sowie den Einfluss von Psychopathologie i.S. eines geringeren Selbstwerts nach der Induktion von Cyberostrazimus.
Honoring Earth and Space Scientists
Authors:   AGU
Published: December 2016

AGU members and others in the news
The role of tumour necrosis factor in hepatitis B infection: Jekyll and Hyde
Authors: Valaydon Zina , Pellegrini Marc , Thompson Alexander , Desmond Paul , Revill Peter , Ebert Gregor
Published: December 2016

Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is a major health problem worldwide and is associated with significant long‐term morbidity and mortality. The hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a hepatotropic virus that is capable of integrating in the host nucleus permanently resulting in lifelong infection. To date, there is no definitive cure for HBV, as our current treatments cannot eradicate the viral reservoir that has integrated in the liver. Elucidating the immunopathogenesis is key to finding a therapeutic target for HBV as the virus is not in itself cytopathic but the immune response to the virus causes the majority of the cellular injury. In most cases, the virus reaches a state of equilibrium with low viral replication constrained by host immunity. Multiple cytokines have been implicated in the pathogenesis of CHB. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) has emerged as a key player; on one hand it can facilitate immune‐mediated virological control but on the other hand it can cause collateral hepatocyte damage, cirrhosis and possibly promote hepatocellular carcinoma. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of the immunopathogenesis of HBV, focusing on TNF and whether it can be harnessed in therapeutic strategies to cure HBV infection.
Bulk cell density and Wnt/TGFbeta signalling regulate mesendodermal patterning of human pluripotent stem cells
Authors: Kempf Henning , Olmer Ruth , Haase Alexandra , Franke Annika , Bolesani Emiliano , Schwanke Kristin , Robles-Diaz Diana , Coffee Michelle , Göhring Gudrun , Dräger Gerald , Pötz Oliver , Joos Thomas , Martinez-Hackert Erik , Haverich Axel , Buettner Falk F. R. , Martin Ulrich , Zweigerdt Robert
Published: December 2016

In vitrodifferentiation of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) recapitulates early aspects of human embryogenesis, but the underlying processes are poorly understood and controlled. Here we show that modulating the bulk cell density (BCD: cell number per culture volume) deterministically alters anteroposterior patterning of primitive streak (PS)-like priming. The BCD in conjunction with the chemical WNT pathway activator CHIR99021 results in distinct paracrine microenvironments codifying hPSCs towards definitive endoderm, precardiac or presomitic mesoderm within the first 24 h of differentiation, respectively. Global gene expression and secretome analysis reveals that TGFß superfamily members, antagonist of Nodal signalling LEFTY1 and CER1, are paracrine determinants restricting PS progression. These data result in a tangible model disclosing how hPSC-released factors deflect CHIR99021-induced lineage commitment over time. By demonstrating a decisive, functional role of the BCD, we show its utility as a method to control lineage-specific differentiation. Furthermore, these findings have profound consequences for inter-experimental comparability, reproducibility, bioprocess optimization and scale-up.
In-plane topological p-n junction in the three-dimensional topological insulator Bi2−xSbxTe3−ySey
Authors: Tu Ngoc Han , Tanabe Yoichi , Satake Yosuke , Huynh Khuong Kim , Tanigaki Katsumi
Published: December 2016

A topological p-n junction (TPNJ) is an important concept to control spin and charge transport on a surface of three-dimensional topological insulators (3D-TIs). Here we report successful fabrication of such TPNJ on a surface of 3D-TI Bi2−xSbxTe3−ySey thin films and experimental observation of the electrical transport. By tuning the chemical potential of n-type topological Dirac surface of Bi2−xSbxTe3−ySey on its top half by using tetrafluoro-7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane as an organic acceptor molecule, a half surface can be converted to p-type with leaving the other half side as the opposite n-type, and consequently TPNJ can be created. By sweeping the back-gate voltage in the field effect transistor structure, the TPNJ was controlled both on the bottom and the top surfaces. A dramatic change in electrical transport observed at the TPNJ on 3D-TI thin films promises novel spin and charge transport of 3D-TIs for future spintronics.
Towards human exploration of space: The THESEUS review series on immunology research priorities
Authors: Frippiat Jean-Pol , Crucian Brian E , de Quervain Dominique J-F , Grimm Daniela , Montano Nicola , Praun Siegfried , Roozendaal Benno , Schelling Gustav , Thiel Manfred , Ullrich Oliver , Choukèr Alexander
Published: December 2016

Dysregulation of the immune system occurs during spaceflight and may represent a crew health risk during exploration missions because astronauts are challenged by many stressors. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the biology of immune modulation under spaceflight conditions in order to be able to maintain immune homeostasis under such challenges. In the framework of the THESEUS project whose aim was to develop an integrated life sciences research roadmap regarding human space exploration, experts working in the field of space immunology, and related disciplines, established a questionnaire sent to scientists around the world. From the review of collected answers, they deduced a list of key issues and provided several recommendations such as a maximal exploitation of currently available resources on Earth and in space, and to increase increments duration for some ISS crew members to 12 months or longer. These recommendations should contribute to improve our knowledge about spaceflight effects on the immune system and the development of countermeasures that, beyond astronauts, could have a societal impact.
Predicting defect behavior in B2 intermetallics by merging
ab initio modeling and machine learning
Authors: Medasani Bharat , Gamst Anthony , Ding Hong , Chen Wei , Persson Kristin A , Asta Mark , Canning Andrew , Haranczyk Maciej
Published: December 2016

We present a combination of machine learning and high throughput calculations to predict the points defects behavior in binary intermetallic (A–B) compounds, using as an example systems with the cubic B2 crystal structure (with equiatomic AB stoichiometry). To the best of our knowledge, this work is the first application of machine learning-models for point defect properties. High throughput first principles density functional calculations have been employed to compute intrinsic point defect energies in 100 B2 intermetallic compounds. The systems are classified into two groups: (i) those for which the intrinsic defects are antisites for both A and B rich compositions, and (ii) those for which vacancies are the dominant defect for either or both composition ranges. The data was analyzed by machine learning-techniques using decision tree, and full and reduced multiple additive regression tree (MART) models. Among these three schemes, a reduced MART (r-MART) model using six descriptors (formation energy, minimum and difference of electron densities at the Wigner–Seitz cell boundary, atomic radius difference, maximal atomic number and maximal electronegativity) presents the highest fit (98 %) and predictive (75 %) accuracy. This model is used to predict the defect behavior of other B2 compounds, and it is found that 45 % of the compounds considered feature vacancies as dominant defects for either A or B rich compositions (or both). The ability to predict dominant defect types is important for the modeling of thermodynamic and kinetic properties of intermetallic compounds, and the present results illustrate how this information can be derived using modern tools combining high throughput calculations and data analytics.
Correction: Corrigendum: Abrupt switch to migratory night flight in a wild migratory songbird
Authors: Zúñiga Daniel , Falconer Jade , Fudickar Adam M. , Jensen Willi , Schmidt Andreas , Wikelski Martin , Partecke Jesko
Published: December 2016

Scientific Reports 6: Article number: 34207; published online: 26 September 2016; updated: 09 December 2016
Erratum: Myc overexpression enhances epicardial contribution to the developing heart and promotes extensive expansion of the cardiomyocyte population
Authors: Villa del Campo Cristina , Lioux Ghislaine , Carmona Rita , Sierra Rocío , Muñoz-Chápuli Ramón , Clavería Cristina , Torres Miguel
Published: December 2016

Scientific Reports 6: Article number: 35366; published online: 18 October 2016; updated: 09 December 2016
Correction: Corrigendum: Modulation of expression of genes involved in glycosaminoglycan metabolism and lysosome biogenesis by flavonoids
Authors: Moskot Marta , Jakóbkiewicz-Banecka Joanna , Kloska Anna , Smolińska Elwira , Mozolewski Paweł , Malinowska Marcelina , Rychłowski Michał , Banecki Bogdan , Węgrzyn Grzegorz , Gabig-Cimińska Magdalena
Published: December 2016

Scientific Reports 5: Article number: 9378; published online: 23 March 2015; updated: 09 December 2016
Erratum: Weighted and directed interactions in evolving large-scale epileptic brain networks
Authors: Dickten Henning , Porz Stephan , Elger Christian E. , Lehnertz Klaus
Published: December 2016

Scientific Reports 6: Article number: 34824; published online: 06 October 2016; updated: 09 December 2016
Erratum: Novel amperometric glucose biosensor based on MXene nanocomposite
Authors: Rakhi R. B. , Nayak Pranati , Xia Chuan , Alshareef Husam N.
Published: December 2016

Scientific Reports 6: Article number: 36422; published online: 10 November 2016; updated: 09 December 2016
Observation of superconducting vortex clusters in S/F hybrids
Authors: Di Giorgio C. , Bobba F. , Cucolo A. M. , Scarfato A. , Moore S. A. , Karapetrov G. , D’Agostino D. , Novosad V. , Yefremenko V. , Iavarone M.
Published: December 2016

While Abrikosov vortices repel each other and form a uniform vortex lattice in bulk type-II superconductors, strong confinement potential profoundly affects their spatial distribution eventually leading to vortex cluster formation. The confinement could be induced by the geometric boundaries in mesoscopic-size superconductors or by the spatial modulation of the magnetic field in superconductor/ferromagnet (S/F) hybrids. Here we study the vortex confinement in S/F thin film heterostructures and we observe that vortex clusters appear near magnetization inhomogeneities in the ferromagnet, called bifurcations. We use magnetic force microscopy to image magnetic bifurcations and superconducting vortices, while high resolution scanning tunneling microscopy is used to obtain detailed information of the local electronic density of states outside and inside the vortex cluster. We find an intervortex spacing at the bifurcation shorter than the one predicted for the same superconductor in a uniform magnetic field equal to the thermodynamical upper critical field Hc2. This result is due to a local enhanced stray field and a competition between vortex-vortex repulsion and Lorentz force. Our findings suggest that special magnetic topologies could result in S/F hybrids that support superconductivity even when locally the vortex density exceeds the thermodynamic critical threshold value beyond which the superconductivity is destroyed.
Polymer translocation through nano-pores in vibrating thin membranes
Authors: Menais Timothée , Mossa Stefano , Buhot Arnaud
Published: December 2016

Polymer translocation is a promising strategy for the next-generation DNA sequencing technologies. The use of biological and synthetic nano-pores, however, still suffers from serious drawbacks. In particular, the width of the membrane layer can accommodate several bases at the same time, making difficult accurate sequencing applications. More recently, the use of graphene membranes has paved the way to new sequencing capabilities, with the possibility to measure transverse currents, among other advances. The reduced thickness of these new membranes poses new questions on the effect of deformability and vibrations of the membrane on the translocation process, two features which are not taken into account in the well established theoretical frameworks. Here, we make a first step forward in this direction. We report numerical simulation work on a model system simple enough to allow gathering significant insight on the effect of these features on the average translocation time, with appropriate statistical significance. We have found that the interplay between thermal fluctuations and the deformability properties of the nano-pore play a crucial role in determining the process. We conclude by discussing new directions for further work.
Oral Cnm-positive Streptococcus Mutans Expressing Collagen Binding Activity is a Risk Factor for Cerebral Microbleeds and Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Watanabe Isao , Kuriyama Nagato , Miyatani Fumitaro , Nomura Ryota , Naka Shuhei , Nakano Kazuhiko , Ihara Masafumi , Iwai Komei , Matsui Daisuke , Ozaki Etsuko , Koyama Teruhide , Nishigaki Masaru , Yamamoto Toshiro , Tamura Aiko , Mizuno Toshiki , Akazawa Kentaro , Takada Akihiro , Takeda Kazuo , Yamada Kei , Nakagawa Masanori , Tanaka Tokutaro , Kanamura Narisato , Friedland Robert P. , Watanabe Yoshiyuki
Published: December 2016

Cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) are an important risk factor for stroke and dementia. We have shown that the collagen binding surface Cnm protein expressed on cnm-positive Streptococcus mutans is involved in the development of CMBs. However, whether the collagen binding activity of cnm-positive S. mutans is related to the nature of the CMBs or to cognitive impairment is unclear. Two-hundred seventy nine community residents (70.0 years) were examined for the presence or absence of cnm-positive S. mutans in the saliva by PCR and collagen binding activity, CMBs, and cognitive function were evaluated. Cnm-positive S. mutans was detected more often among subjects with CMBs (p < 0.01) than those without. The risk of CMBs was significantly higher (odds ratio = 14.3) in the group with S. mutans expressing collagen binding activity, as compared to the group without that finding. Deep CMBs were more frequent (67%) and cognitive function was lower among subjects with cnm-positive S. mutans expressing collagen binding activity. This work supports the role of oral health in stroke and dementia and proposes a molecular mechanism for the interaction.