bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Short Circuit Indicator
Authors: Musale Prajakta P. , Rathod Sandesh S. , Runwal Roshan J. Bhangare Tejas R. , Raut Mehul R. , Sarode Rutuja A.
Published: November 2024

This application introduces the short-circuit indicator, an important protection against electrical hazards in
residential, commercial and industrial environments. This device continuously monitors the voltage in the circuit
and acts as an alert sentry against dangerous surges. By using a preset threshold, the signal can distinguish
between normal voltage fluctuations and short-circuit characteristic spikes. By detecting a jump, the register
takes immediate action to prevent losses. It disconnects the circuit quickly, efficiently disconnecting abnormal
electrical currents, and protects the connected devices from potential damage. In addition, the device comes with
an easy-to-use information system that includes an integrated LED and buzzer. This immediate warning brings the user’s attention to the issue, allowing them to take appropriate steps to address the shortcuts and restore safety.
Gesture-Driven Home Automation System
Authors: Mwangi Gerald Gitau , Kerosi Job Mochengo , Moywaywa Ben Asiago
Published: November 2024

This project addresses the critical challenge of making home automation accessible and inclusive for
individuals with physical disabilities and visual impairments. Existing home automation methods, such as voice
control, mobile apps, and timers, exhibit shortcomings that hinder their effectiveness for this demographic. To
overcome these limitations, the project shows the development of a gesture-based home automation system. This
system integrates gesture recognition and security functionality. It operates in two stages: user authentication
through face recognition and gesture-based appliance control. A Convolutional Neural Network (CNN)
processes webcam-captured gestures, with signals relayed to an Arduino via Pyfirmata for appliance
activation. A model was trained where it could detect the human hand(s) and more soshow the 20 landmarks
that media pipe offers. The system worked well in controlling various home appliances using gestures. Through this innovative approach, the project contributes to the advancement of accessible smart home technology, fostering independence and inclusivity for users with diverse abilities.
Strategies To Overcome Language Barriers For Native Arabic Speakers In English-Dominant Medical Curricula—A Review
Authors: Shadan Mariam , Parveen Anaam , Mohammed Jumanah , Almahri Almaha Khaled Abdulla
Published: November 2024

The globalization of medical education has led to a significant increase in the number of non-native Englishspeaking students pursuing medical studies in English-speaking countries. Among these students, Arabicspeaking learners face unique challenges due to linguistic differences. This literature review synthesizes existing
research to identify the key challenges encountered by Arabic-speaking students in English medical education
and explores strategies to address these challenges.
This review revealed that to ensure the success of native Arabic speakers in English-based medical programs, a
comprehensive approach is vital. By incorporating effective pedagogy, advancements in technology, and the
potential of artificial intelligence (AI), educational outcomes can be significantly improved. Interactive learning
approaches such as problem-based learning and virtual simulations, coupled with tailored language support and
technological tools such as e-learning platforms, can revolutionize the educational experience for these students.
AI has the potential to create adaptive learning environments that cater to individual student needs and tutors,
create interactive resources, and provide immediate feedback. By integrating these strategies and technologies,
educators can create a supportive, inclusive learning environment that promotes the success of native Arabic speakers in their medical studies and future careers and equips them with the skills required to deliver optimal healthcare in a global context.
Impact Of Water, Sanitation And Hygiene (WASH) On The Health Of Mayo Elementary School Children (Boys) In 2019-2020
Authors: Yassin Ibrahim Abdelmunim Ahmed
Published: November 2024

Justification:
Sanitation and hygiene are critical to health, survival, and development. A significant amount of disease could
be prevented through better access to adequate sanitation facilities and better hygiene practices. Improved
sanitation facilities (e.g., toilets and latrines) allow people to dispose of their waste appropriately, which helps
break the infection cycle of many diseases.
Methods :
An Educationnel Facility-based, mixed type cross-sectional survey was conducted in six schools in Mayo
neighborhood, Khartoum, Sudan. A multi-stage sampling technique was used to select the participants fulfilling
the inclusion criteria. This sampling technique enabled to distribute the participants proportionally. The data
entry and analysis was performed through the statistical package for social sciences. Graphical and numerical
summaries were conducted as well as chi-square tests to find either associations or differences where
appropriate. All the statistical tests were performed under a decision rule set at 0.05, with a decision for
rejecting the null hypothesis whenever p<0.05.
Results:
The total number of students was 227 students, divided into six schools where four of those schools were low
risk and two of them were high risk. In this study most respondents understood the importance of hand washing
and harm of open defecation. However, regarding their practices, 43% of students practiced open defecation,
7% of them did not wash their hands before eating and 15% didn’t wash their hands after using toilets.
Moreover, 81.4% were absent from school due to illnesses. Regarding prevalence of diseases, the study showed
that 68% of respondents contracted diseases in the last month. 2% students contracted typhoid, 12.3%
contracted dysentery, 22.6% contracted cholera, 29% contracted malaria, 3.9% contracted UTI, 0.6%
contracted trachoma, 0.6% suffered from dental problems, 3.2% suffered from allergies and 25.8% contracted
other infections like upper tract respiratory infections.
Recommendations
To improve estimates of health benefits from WASH there is a need for well-designed trials that evaluate the
effectiveness of safely managed water and sanitation services, access to essential hygiene conditions and
practice of essential hygiene behaviour that reach high coverage and use in the schools.
Conclusion
In conclusion, WASH remains an important determinant of disease burden, especially among young children. Prevention of diarrheal diseases and other WASH-related diseases in those young children will require improvements of drinking water and sanitation services and increased hand washing with soap.
Expression Of Nuclear Factor IC And Detection Of Calcium During Odontogenesis And Odontogenic Tumors
Authors: . .
Published: November 2024

Background: Tooth development is a complex and well-coordinated developmental process that is achieved
through a series of reciprocal interactions between dental epithelium and neural crest-derived
ectomesenchyme. The dental epithelium gives rise to the outer and inner enamel epithelium from which
ameloblasts differentiate, whereas ectomesenchymal cells differentiate into odontoblasts. Nfic has a specific
function as a key regulator of dentin formation. Nfic signaling modulates late odontoblast differentiation and
mineralization. Both dental papilla cells and dental follicle cells have extensive proliferation ability, expressed
similar cell surface antigens and were capable of forming hard tissue. But dental papilla cells had diverse
calcium expression than that in dental follicle cells. Most of the literatures have focused the influence of Nfic
and OPN in tooth germs. There is no clear evidence to elicit their influence in odontogenic tumours.
Aims and objective: The present study was intended to evaluate expression and elicit the influence of Nfic and
calcium binding protein (OPN) in odontogenesis and odontogenic tumors.
Materials and methods: The study comprised of 20 tooth germs from human foetuses of terminated pregnancies
with age ranging between 10 to 36 weeks and 30 paraffin embedded blocks of histopathologically diagnosed
odontogenic tumours. Five micrometer thick sections were taken and stained immunohistochemically with Nfic
and OPN and evaluated for their expression in tooth germs and in odontogenic tumors.
Results: In tooth germs, Nfic showed strong expression in odontoblasts and OPN showed strong expression in
enamel matrix. Nfic showed positive expression in odontogenic tumours and OPN showed strong expression in
calcification foci in AOT.
Conclusion: The present study was an attempt to assess the influence of Nfic during crown formation.
Expression of Nfic in tooth germs confirmed its influence in crown formation. Expression of OPN suggested that it promotes mineralization in tooth germs, bone formation and calcification focus in odontogenic tumours
Comparative Outcomes of LSTR 3-Mix MP Therapy in Treating Chronic and Necrotic Pulp Conditions in Deciduous Molars
Authors: Ali Dr. Mohammad , Ahmed Dr. Hasib , Akter Dr. Shammi
Published: November 2024

Background: LSTR 3-Mix MP therapy is a non-instrumentation endodontic treatment designed for managing
pulpally involved deciduous teeth. It offers a minimally invasive alternative to conventional pulpectomy,
particularly in cases with anatomical complexities and physiologic root resorption. This study evaluates the
clinical and radiological outcomes of LSTR 3-Mix MP therapy in treating chronic and necrotic pulp conditions
in deciduous molars.
Methods: This prospective clinical study was performed from November 2023 to October 2024 evaluated 60
deciduous molars in children aged 3–8 years, divided into Group A (vital pulp with chronic pulpitis) and Group
B (non-vital pulp with/without periradicular lesions), conducted at Bangladesh Shishu Hospital & Institute and
Shah Ali Dental Clinic, Dhaka.
Results: Clinical success was achieved in 96.7% of cases in both groups, with complete resolution of symptoms,
including pain, tenderness, swelling, and abscesses. Radiological success in Group A (vital teeth) reached 100%,
with no pathological lesions observed. In Group B (non-vital teeth), periradicular radiolucency resolved in 73.3%
of cases, decreased in 13.3%, and remained unchanged in 13.3%. Group A exhibited no swelling pre- or posttreatment, while in Group B, swelling resolved entirely by the second follow-up, with significant improvement
noted earlier (p = 0.001, p = 0.042).
Conclusion: LSTR 3-Mix MP therapy is a highly effective, minimally invasive treatment for deciduous molars
with chronic and necrotic pulp conditions. It demonstrated excellent clinical and radiological outcomes, supporting its use as a promising alternative to conventional pulpectomy in pediatric patients.
Effective Approaches For Obesity Prevention And Management
Authors: . .
Published: November 2024

Being overweight and obese is characterized by abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that leads to a health
risk. The difficulty has grown to epidemic proportions, with over four million human beings dying each year as a
result of being overweight or obese. According to present trends, 1 in 5 adults worldwide will be affected by
Obesity by 2025. It is estimated that half of the world could be overweight by 2035. Obesity has turned out to be
a primary challenge for the entire society. Currently, the most widely used statistical index used to diagnose
Obesity is body mass index or BMI. It is calculated by taking a person's weight, in kilograms, divided by their
height, in meters squared, or BMI = weight (in kg)/ height^2 (in m^2). While lifestyle changes are essential for
obesity treatment, many individuals struggle to adhere to weight loss and physical activity programs. Other
options for patients requiring additional interferences include bariatric surgery, medical devices, and
pharmacotherapy. Bariatric surgery, which modifies the digestive system to promote weight loss, includes several
procedures: sleeve gastrectomy (SG), Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), biliopancreatic diversion with or
without duodenal switch (BPD/DS), and laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB). Pharmacotherapy
currently has orlistat, phentermine-topiramate, naltrexone-bupropion, Liraglutide, semaglutide, and tirzepatide,
six FDA-approved long-term use drugs. However, the current therapeutic options face limitations due to poor
tolerability and compliance issues resulting from side effects, significantly hindering their broader application.
Consequently, there is growing interest in developing alternative therapies with fewer side effects, including research into herbal compounds, traditional Chinese medicine(TCM), and noncoding RNA(ncRNA). However, the results of these studies are yet to be determined
Isolation And Identification Of Cellulose-Degrading Lysinibacillus Fusiformis (Accession No MG 930050) From Sawdust And Evaluation Of Its Cellulolytic Potential
Authors: Sadida Faozia Faleha
Published: November 2024

Background: Sawdust or wood cheeping is lignocellulosic biomass that has enormous prospects. Sawdust
(having 50% carbon) releasing from saw milling is not properly processed but dumped that causes the
environmental pollution. One of the most notable sources of pollution is open air burning of such wastes. Air
pollution is a matter of serious concern in Bangladesh. The overall aim of this study was to produce more
healthy air by converting sawdust into economically valuable products.
Materials and Methods: A potential cellulolytic bacteria (FFS1) was isolated from sawdust and identified
based on the cultural, morphological and biochemical test as well as 16S rDNA analysis. It was studied for
cellulolytic potential such as optimum condition for cellulase production and cellulase activities. Cellulase
production by the bacteria was optimized using different environmental and nutritional factors such as
incubation period, pH, temperature, carbon and nitrogen sources. Activity of the crude cellulase was also
determined by using same factors along with metal ions, inhibitors and reductants.
Results: In this study a cellulolytic bacteria (FFS1) was locally isolated from sawdust and identified as
Lysinibacillus fusiformis (Accession No MG 930050) based on the cultural, morphological and biochemical test
as well as 16S rDNA analysis. It was evaluated for its cellulolytic potential using different physicochemical
parameters. Cellulase production required pH 7.5, temperature 300C-400C whereas cellulase activity required
pH 9.5, temperature 350C. CMC and Beef Extract were best as Carbon and nitrogen sources for both the
cellulase production and activity respectively. Cellulase activity was strongly inactivated by Ag+ and Fe3+ ions
whereas detergent SDS also inhibited the cellulase activity. As the enzyme produced by the bacteria showed
highest specificity to CMC as substrate it may be an Endo-β-1,4-Glucanase. Therefore, in optimized condition
the bacteria will be the important tool for future use if its cellulase is further characterized.
Conclusion: Locally isolated cellulolytic bacteria Lysinibacillus fusiformis have the potential for practical use for bioremediation through degradation of huge amount of sawdust
Capacitação E Treinamento De Equipe Multidisciplinar: A Importância Da Formação Contínua Para Os Profissionais De UTI’s
Authors: Pedrosa Gabriel De Albuquerque , Ribeiro Leonardo Francisco , Prazeres Camila De Souza , Soares Tatiana Elenice Cordeiro , Araújo Aline Maria De Lemos
Published: November 2024

Este estudo tem como objetivo investigar a importância da formação continuada para os profissionais de saúde
que atuam em Unidades de Terapia Intensiva (UTIs), abordando os impactos diretos na qualidade do cuidado
oferecido aos pacientes críticos. A metodologia utilizada envolveu uma revisão bibliográfica de artigos acadêmicos e estudos de caso que discutem a relevância da educação permanente e o desenvolvimento de habilidades técnicas e comportamentais no ambiente de UTI. O levantamento ocorreu nas bases PubMed
Sustentabilidade Urbana E Cidades Verdes: Planejamento Urbano E Infraestrutura Para A Mitigação Climática
Authors: Oliveira José Humberto Gomes De , Santos Aline Raimunda Dos , Cavalcante Tessália De Moura , Romano Adriano Marcos , Andrade Paula Aparecida Dos Santos
Published: November 2024

As cidades enfrentam desafios cada vez mais complexos relacionados às mudanças climáticas, como enchentes,
ondas de calor e aumento na poluição, que afetam tanto o meio ambiente quanto a qualidade de vida dos
cidadãos. Esses desafios demandam estratégias inovadoras de planejamento urbano sustentável, capazes de
acompanhar o crescimento das cidades com ações de mitigação climática. Nesse contexto, surge o conceito de
cidades verdes, que integra práticas de sustentabilidade urbana a soluções tecnológicas e infraestrutura
ecológica. O objetivo é criar ambientes urbanos resilientes e sustentáveis, promovendo bem-estar, equidade e
eficiência (Newman et al., 2018). Infraestruturas verdes, como telhados verdes, parques urbanos e corredores
ecológicos, desempenham um papel crucial na redução do impacto ambiental das cidades. Essas soluções são
propostas para a captura de carbono, a regulação térmica e a promoção da biodiversidade, mitigando efeitos
adversos como as ilhas de calor urbano e o aumento da poluição do ar (Gill et al., 2007). Além disso, o uso de
energia renovável em áreas urbanas, como painéis solares e turbinas eólicas, permite a redução das emissões
de gases de efeito. O sucesso das cidades verdes, no entanto, vai além da implementação de infraestrutura. Ele
depende de políticas públicas robustas, que incentivam a adoção de práticas sustentáveis e mobilizam recursos
financeiros. Incentivos fiscais, regulamentações ambientais e investimentos em tecnologias verdes são
ferramentas fundamentais para viabilizar muda além disso, o envolvimento comunitário desempenha um papel
central na transformação urbana. Cidades verdes bem-sucedidas são aquelas que envolvem os cidadãos no planejamento e na gestão de recursos, promovendo senso de pertencimento e responsabilidade coletiva. Ao integrar planejamento urbano, políticas públicas e participação popular
SWOT Analysis In Modern Business: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Chakrabarty Biswajit
Published: November 2024

This paper examines the relevance and application of SWOT analysis in modern business strategy
through qualitative research involving interviews with 15 senior managers across various industries. The
study reveals that while SWOT analysis remains valued for its simplicity and ability to foster
collaboration, it faces significant limitations in today’s dynamic market environments, where rapid changes
and data-driven decision-making are essential. Participants highlighted the tool’s static nature and
subjective biases, which can hinder effective strategic planning. However, many organizations are
successfully integrating SWOT with advanced analytics, scenario planning, and AI technologies to create
a more dynamic framework. This research suggests that the future of SWOT lies in its evolution into a real-time, ongoing process that continuously adapts to changing market conditions. Ultimately, this journal emphasizes the need for businesses to enhance traditional SWOT analysis to maintain
competitiveness and make informed strategic decisions in a fast-paced business landscape.
SWOT Analysis In Modern Business: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Chakrabarty Biswajit
Published: November 2024

This paper examines the relevance and application of SWOT analysis in modern business strategy
through qualitative research involving interviews with 15 senior managers across various industries. The
study reveals that while SWOT analysis remains valued for its simplicity and ability to foster
collaboration, it faces significant limitations in today’s dynamic market environments, where rapid changes
and data-driven decision-making are essential. Participants highlighted the tool’s static nature and
subjective biases, which can hinder effective strategic planning. However, many organizations are
successfully integrating SWOT with advanced analytics, scenario planning, and AI technologies to create
a more dynamic framework. This research suggests that the future of SWOT lies in its evolution into a
real-time, ongoing process that continuously adapts to changing market conditions. Ultimately, this
journal emphasizes the need for businesses to enhance traditional SWOT analysis to maintain
competitiveness and make informed strategic decisions in a fast-paced business landscape
Solid pseudopapillary neoplasms of the pancreas are dependent on the Wnt pathway
Authors: Selenica Pier , Raj Nitya , Kumar Rahul , Brown David N. , Arqués Oriol , Reidy Diane , Klimstra David , Snuderl Matija , Serrano Jonathan , Palmer Héctor G. , Weigelt Britta , Reis‐Filho Jorge S. , Scaltriti Maurizio
Published: April 2019

Solid pseudopapillary neoplasms (SPNs) are rare and relatively indolent tumors of the pancreas. While primary SPNs can be surgically resected, there are currently no therapies available for patients with advanced stage disease. Given that these tumors frequently carry CTNNB1 hotspot (recurrently mutated loci in a gene) mutations resulting in β‐catenin nuclear accumulation, it has been speculated that the Wnt pathway may be a driver in this disease. Here, we present a comprehensive “multi‐omics” study where the genome, transcriptome, and methylome of SPNs were analyzed. We found that SPNs are characterized by a low‐complexity genome where somatic mutations in CTNNB1, present in 100% of the cases, are the only actionable genomic lesions. Compared to more common subtypes of pancreatic tumors (adenocarcinomas and pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors), SPNs show high expression levels of genes belonging to the Wnt pathway. Their methylome was consistent with an epithelial cell origin and a general upregulation of Wnt pathway genes. Clinical studies to evaluate the exquisite sensitivity of SPNs to inhibitors of the Wnt pathway are warranted.
Cranial and endocranial diversity in extant and fossil atelids (Platyrrhini: Atelidae): A geometric morphometric study
Authors: Aristide Leandro , Strauss André , Halenar‐Price Lauren B. , Gilissen Emmanuel , Cruz Francisco W. , Cartelle Castor , Rosenberger Alfred L. , Lopes Ricardo T. , dos Reis Sergio F. , Perez S. Ivan
Published: April 2019

Objectives

Platyrrhines constitute a diverse clade, with the modern Atelidae exhibiting the most variation in cranial and endocast morphology. The processes responsible for this diversification are not well understood. Here, we present a geometric morphometric study describing variation in cranial and endocranial shape of 14 species of Alouatta, Ateles, Brachyteles, and Lagothrix and two extinct taxa, Cartelles and Caipora.

Methods

We examined cranial and endocranial shape variation among species using images reconstructed from CT scans and geometric morphometric techniques based on three‐dimensional landmarks and semilandmarks. Principal components analyses were used to explore variation, including the Procrustes shape coordinates, summing the logarithm of the Centroid Size, the common allometric component, and residual shape components.

Results

Differences in endocranial shape are related to a relative increase or decrease in the volume of the neocortex region with respect to brainstem and cerebellum regions. The relative position of the brainstem varies from a posterior position in Alouatta to a more ventral position in Ateles. The shape of both the cranium and endocast of Caipora is within the observed variation of Brachyteles. Cartelles occupies the most differentiated position relative to the extant taxa, especially in regards to its endocranial shape.

Conclusions

The pattern of variation in the extant species in endocranial shape is similar to the variation observed in previous cranial studies, with Alouatta as an outlier. The similarities between Caipora and Brachyteles were unexpected and intriguing given the frugivorous adaptations inferred from the fossil's dentition. Our study shows the importance of considering both extant and fossil species when studying diversification of complex traits.
High efficiency of Mn–Ce‐modified TiO2 catalysts for the low‐temperature oxidation of Hg0 under a reducing atmosphere
Authors: Zhang Yingjie , Ning Ping , Wang Xueqian , Wang Langlang , Ma Yixing , Ma Qiang , Xie Yibing
Published: April 2019

Manganese‐ and cerium oxide‐modified titania catalysts were prepared by the deposition precipitation for the removal of elemental mercury (Hg0) from simulated yellow phosphorus off‐gas at low temperature. In addition, these catalysts were characterized by X‐ray diffraction, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller measurements, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and field‐emission scanning electron microscope to determine the surface morphology of the obtained compounds and explore their formation mechanism. The results revealed that a Mn–Ce loading and reaction temperature of 10% and 150 °C, respectively, as well as a Mn/Ce molar ratio of 2:1, led to an optimal efficiency for the oxidation of elemental mercury. Furthermore, the effects of flue gas components were investigated. The presence of O2 clearly promoted the oxidation of Hg0. A CO atmosphere did not affect the Hg0 oxidation, when compared with N2, whereas the presence of H2S and water vapor inhibited the oxidation process. Furthermore, the X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy spectra of Hg 4f revealed that the elemental mercury adsorbed by the catalyst is present as HgO. Finally, the Hg0 catalytic oxidation mechanism was discussed on the basis of the experimental results and characterization analysis.
Ultra‐deep desulfurization of a model fuel using novel VOHPO4 0.5H2O/boehmite catalysts
Authors: Najafi Chermahini Alireza , Moslemi Ali , Mohammadnezhad Gholamhossein
Published: April 2019

A high‐surface‐area boehmite was used as the support for a series of vanadium phosphate catalysts. The catalysts were prepared by heating of V2O5 in an isobutyl alcohol and benzyl alcohol mixture at 140°C for 5 h to reduce V5+ to more active V4+ in the presence of phosphoric acid. Then a series of catalysts with various VPO loadings on boehmite were synthesized. The catalysts were characterized using various techniques. The catalysts were utilized for extraction combined with catalytic oxidation of dibenzothiophene. The important factors influencing the desulfurization process, including reaction time, temperature, H2O2, catalyst loading, catalyst amount and solvents, were systematically investigated. Under the optimized reaction conditions, i.e. 30 mg of catalyst loading at 50°C and in 60 min, sulfur removal reached 94%. The catalyst was recycled and reused five times.
Asynchronous H∞ filtering for time delayed APF with MDADT based on T‐S fuzzy model
Authors: Zhang Liangliang , Zhang Hongbin , Li Yang
Published: April 2019

This paper investigates the H∞ asynchronous filtering problem for active power filter (APF) systems with time delayed to monitor the states of these systems. APF system is represented by T‐S fuzzy model. The phenomenon of asynchronous often appears in the practical system. And in this paper, asynchronous means that the switching of the filters we designed has a lag to the switching of the system models. By using the MDADT and the Lyapunov‐Krasovskii function methods, the switching filtering error system is delay‐dependent stability and has the H∞ performance. The filter parameter is solved by linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). A simulation example is given to show the efficiency of the proposed methods.
Synthesis and Characterization of Hydrophilic Trityl Radical TFO for Biomedical and Biophysical Applications
Authors: Qu Yuying , Li Yingchun , Tan Xiaoli , Zhai Weixiang , Han Guifang , Hou Jingli , Liu Guoquan , Song Yuguang , Liu Yangping
Published: April 2019

Tetrathiatriarylmethyl (TAM, trityl) radicals have found wide applications as spin probes/labels for EPR spectroscopy and imaging, and as polarizing agents for dynamic nuclear polarization. The high hydrophilicity of TAM radicals is essential for their biomedical applications. However, the synthesis of hydrophilic TAM radicals (e.g., OX063) is extremely challenging and has only been reported in the patent literature, to date. Herein, an efficient synthesis of a highly water‐soluble TAM radical bis(8‐carboxyl‐2,2,6,6‐tetramethylbenzo[1,2‐d:4,5‐d′]bis([1,3]dithiol‐4‐yl)‐mono‐(8‐carboxyl‐2,2,6,6‐tetrakis(2‐hydroxyethyl)benzo[1,2‐d:4,5‐d′]bis([1,3]dithiol‐4‐yl)methyl (TFO), which contains four additional hydroxylethyl groups, relative to the Finland trityl radical CT‐03, is reported. Similar to OX063, TFO exhibits excellent properties, including high water solubility in phosphate buffer, low log P, low pKa, long relaxation times, and negligible binding with bovine serum albumin. On the other hand, TFO has a sharper EPR line and higher O2 sensitivity than those of OX063. Therefore, in combination with its facile synthesis, TFO should find wide applications in magnetic resonance related fields and this synthetic approach would shed new light on the synthesis of other hydrophilic TAM radicals.
In Search of Meaning: A Preliminary Typology of Gay Male Spiritual Identity Development
Authors: Hart David , Brew Leah , Pope Mark
Published: April 2019

Reconciliation of the conflict between religious identity and sexual orientation has been related to a number of psychological challenges (Lease, Horne, & Noffsinger‐Frazier, 2005; Schuck & Liddle, 2001), and little is known about the convergence of spiritual identity, distinctly defined as separate from religious identity, and sexual orientation identity. This qualitative inquiry investigated the process by which 7 Caucasian gay men from a variety of religious backgrounds constructed spiritual identities outside the realm of institutionalized religion. From the findings, the authors hypothesize a typology of spiritual development influenced by religions of origin. Limitations of the study, implications, and future directions in research are also addressed.
LifeWatch observatory data: Zooplankton observations in the Belgian part of the North Sea
Authors: Mortelmans Jonas , Goossens Jolien , Amadei Martínez Luz , Deneudt Klaas , Cattrijsse André , Hernandez Francisco
Published: April 2019

Through regular sampling surveys, the Flanders Marine Institute (VLIZ) is generating a long‐term data series for the Belgian coastal water and sandbank system, a designated site in the Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) network. The data series is built from sampling activities initiated in 2012 in the framework of the LifeWatch marine observatory. Nine nearshore stations are sampled monthly, with an additional eight offshore stations sampled seasonally. This paper presents the generated data series for zooplankton densities and size measurements, analysed using a ZooScan plankton imaging device together with the ZooProcess and Plankton Identifier software packages. To date 673.017 biological particles have been collected and identified. The collection and processing of the 2012–2018 dataset is described, along with its data curation and quality control. Yearly versions of the data are published in a standardized format together with environmental parameters, accompanied by an extensive metadata description and labelled with digital identifiers for traceability. The data are published under a CC‐BY 4.0 license, allowing use of the data under the condition of providing the reference to the original source.
Neural correlates of dynamic changes in working memory performance during one night of sleep deprivation
Authors: Zhu Yuanqiang , Xi Yibin , Sun Jinbo , Guo Fan , Xu Yongqiang , Fei Ningbo , Zhang Xinxin , Yang Xuejuan , Yin Hong , Qin Wei
Published: April 2019

Total sleep deprivation (TSD) is common in modern society leading to deterioration of multiple aspects of cognition. Dynamic interaction effect of circadian rhythmicity and homeostatic sleep pressure on sustained attention have been intensively investigated, while how this effect was represented on performance and cerebral responses to working memory, another important element of many neurobehavioral tasks, was not well elucidated. Thirty‐six healthy subjects with intermediate chronotype performed the Sternberg working‐memory task (SWMT) while undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging every 2 hr from 10:00 p.m. on the first day to 6:00 a.m. on the second day. Using data from three imaging sessions (10:00 p.m., 04:00 a.m., and 06:00 a.m.), we found that the slowest SWMT reaction time and weakest cerebral responses were not at the end of TSD (06:00 a.m.) but during the early morning (04:00 a.m.) hours of the TSD. In addition, during this worst period of TSD, reaction time for the SWMT were found to be negatively correlated with task‐related activation in the angular gyrus and positively correlated with the degree of negative correlation between the control and default networks. Our results revealed a rebound of SWMT reaction time and cerebral responses after the mid‐time point of regular biological sleep night and provided more evidence that different cognitive tasks are differentially affected by sleep loss and circadian rhythmicity.
Altered expression patterns of complement factor H and miR‐146a genes in acute‐chronic phases in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis mouse
Authors: Gharibi Saba , Moghimi Bahram , Haghmorad Dariush , Mahmoudi Mohammad Bagher , Shahvazian Ensieh , Yadegari Maryam , Yazd Ehsan Farashahi , Tahoori Mohammad Taher
Published: April 2019

Considerable advances have been made in identification of the involvement of immune modulators in diseases. There is growing evidence on the role of complement pathway in pathogenesis and course of multiple sclerosis (MS). Moreover, it has been recognized that microRNAs (miRNAs) play an essential role in modulation and development of immune response in the central nervous system. We aimed to investigate the expression profile of complement factor H (CFH) and miR‐146a genes in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mouse model of MS to detect the possible roles of CFH and miR‐146a as biomarkers of MS disease stats. Expression of CFH and miR‐146a genes in liver and brain tissues of EAE mice was measured in acute and chronic phases of disease compared to matched controls using real‐time polymerase chain reaction. In the liver, increased expression of CFH gene was observed in the chronic phase compared to the acute phase. However, no significant difference was observed between acute and chronic phase mice with normal mice, while miR‐146a expression was significantly decreased in livers of EAE mice in chronic group compared to acute and control groups. The expression of CFH gene in brain had a significant decrease in acute and chronic phases compared to healthy mice. Taken together, these observations indicate probable implication of complement system and miR‐146a in course of immune‐related diseases and reveal more facts about the pathogenesis of MS. However, further work is needed to determine protein levels of CFH and other possible targets of miR‐146a in serum and cerebrospinal fluid of MS patients.
Ursodeoxycholic acid stimulates alveolar fluid clearance in LPS‐induced pulmonary edema via ALX/cAMP/PI3K pathway
Authors: Niu Fangfang , Xu Xiaotao , Zhang Rong , Sun Lingling , Gan Ning , Wang Aizhong
Published: April 2019

This study aims to examine the impact of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) on pulmonary edema and explore the underlying molecular mechanisms. The effects of UDCA on pulmonary edema were assessed through hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, lung dry/wet (W/D) ratio, TNF‐α/IL‐1β levels of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), protein expression of epithelial sodium channel (ENaC), and Na+/K+‐ATPase. Besides, the detailed mechanisms were explored in primary rat alveolar type (AT) II epithelial cells by determining the effects of BOC‐2 (ALX [lipoxin A4 receptor] inhibitor), Rp‐cAMP (cAMP inhibitor), LY294002 (PI3K inhibitor), and H89 (PKA inhibitor) on the therapeutic effects of UDCA against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced changes. Histological examination suggested that LPS‐induced lung injury was obviously attenuated by UDCA. BALF TNF‐α/IL‐1β levels and lung W/D ratios were decreased by UDCA in LPS model rats. UDCA stimulated alveolar fluid clearance (AFC) though the upregulation of ENaC and Na+/K+‐ATPase. BOC‐2, Rp‐cAMP, and LY294002 largely suppressed the therapeutic effects of UDCA. Significant attenuation of pulmonary edema and lung inflammation was revealed in LPS‐challenged rats after the UDCA treatment. The therapeutic efficacy of UDCA against LPS was mainly achieved through the ALX/cAMP/PI3K pathway. Our results suggested that UDCA might be a potential drug for the treatment of pulmonary edema induced by LPS.
CCDN1 rs603965 polymorphism may serve as a genetic biomarker of brain tumor: A meta‐analysis of 5,769 subjects
Authors: Lan Jiarong , Li Min , Wang Haifeng
Published: April 2019

Introduction

Some studies already tried to assess the associations between cyclin D1 (CCND1) polymorphisms and brain tumor. However, the results of these studies were not consistent. Thus, we performed the present meta‐analysis to explore the relationship between CCND1 polymorphisms and brain tumor in a larger pooled population.

Methods

PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and CNKI were searched for related articles. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to assess the potential associations.

Results

Totally nine studies with 5,769 subjects were analyzed. A significant association with brain tumor susceptibility was observed for the rs603965 polymorphism in GG versus GA + AA (dominant comparison, p = 0.003, OR = 0.72, 95% CI 0.57–0.89, I2 = 64%), AA versus GG + GA (recessive comparison, p = 0.004, OR = 1.46, 95% CI 1.13–1.88, I2 = 67%), and G versus A (allele comparison, p = 0.0004, OR = 0.77, 95% CI 0.66–0.89, I2 = 66%) in overall population. Further subgroup analyses by ethnicity yielded similar positive results in both Asians and Caucasians. Moreover, in stratified analyses by type of disease, we noticed that the rs603965 polymorphism was significantly associated with the susceptibility to glioma, but such positive results were not detected in pituitary adenoma or meningioma. Additionally, a significant association with tumor grade was also observed for the rs603965 polymorphism in G versus A (allele comparison, p = 0.02, OR = 0.74, 95% CI 0.59–0.95, I2 = 26%).

Conclusions

Our findings suggested that CCND1 rs603965 polymorphism may serve as a potential genetic biomarker of brain tumor, especially for glioma.
Whole‐Body Muscle Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Glycogen‐Storage Disease Type III
Authors: Tobaly David , Laforêt Pascal , Perry Ariane , Habes Dalila , Labrune Philippe , Decostre Valerie , Masingue Marion , Petit Francois , Barp Andrea , Bello Luca , Carlier Pierre , Carlier Robert‐Yves
Published: April 2019

Introduction: The main objective of this study was to describe muscle involvement on whole‐body magnetic resonance imaging scans in adults at different stages of glycogen‐storage disease type III (GSDIII). Methods: Fifteen patients, 16–59 years of age, were examined on a 3‐T system. The examinations consisted of coronal and axial T1‐weighted images or fat images with a Dixon technique, and were scored for 47 muscles using Mercuri's classification. Muscle changes consisted of internal bright signals of fatty replacement. Results: Distribution across muscles showed predominant signal alteration in the lower limbs and postural muscles. This finding is consistent with the overall clinical presentation of GSDIII and the results of heatmap scores. Review of the MRI scans provided new information regarding recurrent muscle changes, particularly in the soleus, gastrocnemius medial head, and thoracic extensor muscles. Discussion: Whole‐body muscle imaging provides clinically relevant information regarding muscle involvement in GSDIII. A severity score may contribute to improved patient management. Muscle Nerve, 2019
A binary‐regularization‐based model predictive control applied to generation scheduling in concentrating solar power plants
Authors: Cojocaru Emilian G. , Bravo José M. , Vasallo Manuel J. , Marín Diego
Published: April 2019

This paper proposes the use of model predictive control (MPC) with binary‐regularization to manage the electric power generation problem in concentrating solar power plants with thermal energy storage. The main advantage of the of MPC with binary‐regularization formulation is the inclusion of a power block protection method based on a binary‐regularization term that penalizes power generation variation (also called generation cycling) differently according to the power block situation, ie, normal operation, startup, or shutdown. This distinction simplifies the choice of schedules with reduced variation and high energy sale profits. The interest in this reduction is the achievement of a higher lifetime of the power block elements, lower maintenance costs, and easier plant operability. A benefit of the generation scheduling based on MPC is the capacity of rescheduling the power generation at regular periods, taking advantage of the most recent energy prices and weather forecast, and of the plant's current state. An interesting question is if the proposed protection mechanism affects the economic results of the MPC black strategy. In this regard, an economic study based on a realistic simulation of a 50 MW parabolic trough collector‐based concentrating solar power plant with thermal energy storage, under the assumption of participation in the Spanish day‐ahead energy market scenario, is included. Realistic values for actual and forecasted solar resource and for energy price are used, and for penalties for deviation from the committed generation schedule. The economic study shows that the proposed scheduling method provides an important reduction of the generation cycling without decreasing energy sales profits. Another advantage of the proposed method is the possibility of estimating the highest level of power block protection, which maintains the profits by means of historical data, which favors its practical implementation.
The impact of childhood cancer on parents' socio‐economic situation—A systematic review
Authors: Roser Katharina , Erdmann Friederike , Michel Gisela , Winther Jeanette Falck , Mader Luzius
Published: April 2019

Objective

Taking care of children diagnosed with cancer may have considerable consequences on parents' socio‐economic situation. Our systematic review aimed to evaluate and synthesise the evidence on the impact of childhood cancer on parents' socio‐economic situation.

Methods

Systematic literature searches for articles published between January 2000 and January 2019 were performed in PubMed, Scopus, and PsycINFO. Findings of eligible articles were narratively synthesised and quality appraised.

Results

Our systematic review included 35 eligible articles. Childhood cancer had a substantial impact on parents' socio‐economic situation across all studies. This impact varied largely by geographical region. We observed a high prevalence of disruptions in parental employment such as job quitting or job loss, particularly among mothers. The associated income losses further contributed to families' perceived financial burden in addition to increased cancer‐related expenses. Adverse socio‐economic consequences were most pronounced shortly after diagnosis, however, persisted into early survivorship for certain groups of parents. We identified families of children diagnosed with haematological cancers, younger age at diagnosis, and lower parental socio‐economic position to be at particular risk for adverse socio‐economic consequences.

Conclusions

Following the child's cancer diagnosis, parents experience a broad range of adverse socio‐economic consequences. Further effort is needed to systematically implement an assessment of financial hardship in paediatric oncology together with appropriate support services along the cancer trajectory.
A novel adhesive trunk trap net for trapping Eucryptorrhynchus brandti (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
Authors: Yang Kailang , Wen Xiaojian , Guo Wenjuan , Wen Junbao
Published: April 2019

BACKGROUND

Eucryptorrhynchus brandti (Harold) is a destructive wood‐boring pest of tree of heaven, Ailanthus altissima, in China. At present, the management of E. brandti relies exclusively on frequent applications of synthetic insecticides. Environmentally friendly alternatives to the use of synthetic insecticides would be beneficial. A trunk trap net (TTN), an adhesive trap (AT), and an adhesive trunk trap net (ATTN) were evaluated in their ability to capture E. brandti.

RESULTS

Significantly greater laboratory weevil recapture rates were found using the ATTN (78%) than using the TTN (8%) and AT (0%). In total, 45% of marked weevils were captured by the ATTN, an eight‐fold increase in catch rates using the TTN in mark‐release‐recapture field trials in 2017. No marked weevils were captured by the AT. Field trials in 2017 and 2018 showed that the ATTN captured six to seven times more wild weevils than using the TTN.

CONCLUSION

Adhesive Trunk Trap nets (ATTNs) were more effective in capturing E. brandti adults than Trunk Trap nets (TTNs). These results support the use of the ATTN as an eco‐friendly tool for the integrated management of E. brandti. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Non‐target effects of herbicides on Tetranychus urticae and its predator, Phytoseiulus persimilis: implications for biological control
Authors: Schmidt‐Jeffris Rebecca A , Cutulle Matthew A
Published: April 2019

BACKGROUND

A key element of conservation biocontrol is identifying and limiting the use of pesticides that have substantial non‐target effects on natural enemies to prevent biocontrol disruption. The Phytoseiidae (predatory mites) are one of the most studied natural enemy groups in the field of pesticide non‐target effects. Although there is substantial research on the non‐target effects of insecticides on arthropod natural enemies, research on herbicide impacts is limited. Natural enemies, including phytoseiids, associate with weeds due to the presence of alternative prey, shelter, or floral resources. Therefore, a whole‐systems approach to integrated pest management should integrate weed management with biocontrol. We conducted a study to examine the non‐target effects of vegetable herbicides on Phytoseiulus persimilis Athias‐Henriot, and the primary pest that it controls, Tetranychus urticae Koch. Two assays were used to assess the effects of direct application and walking on residues.

RESULTS

In both assays, S‐metolachlor was highly toxic to P. persimilis (80–90% mortality) and had minimal effect on T. urticae. Dicamba, oxyfluorfen, and napropamide also caused moderate levels of P. persimilis mortality (21–74%). Check mortality of P. persimilis was higher in the direct contact assay (19%) than the residue assay (3%).

CONCLUSIONS

Halosulfuron‐methyl, flumioxazin, and mesotrione were the most compatible herbicides with biocontrol by P. persimilis, whereas S‐metolachlor and napropamide were the least compatible. We also determined that the residue assay may be more useful than direct contact slide‐dips for future assessment of herbicide non‐target effects. Future efforts should continue to examine the impacts of weed management on natural enemies to better integrate pest management practices. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry