bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Overview of Recent Trends in Additive Manufacturing with
Polymer Powders, Production, Applications and Developments
Authors: CHIRIRIWA HARRY
Published: March 2021

In this article, an overview of three dimensional printing, also known as additive manufacturing (AM), with a focus on polymers is
presented. As a starting point the additive manufacturing concept is described. Several well established technologies, including their
advantages and drawbacks and a list of polymers, which are commonly used in commercial printers are evaluated and outlined. The
additive manufacturing applications together with the key developments are also presented. The article further highlights major industrial
applications, directions for promising research are identified, possible full exploitation potential of additive manufacturing in industries
and finally outlines future challenges in this rapidly growing industries.
Synthesis of α-Hydroxycarboxylic Acids from Various Aldehydes and Ketones by
Direct Electrocarboxylation: A Facile, Efficient and Atom Economy Protocol
Authors: Singh Kishanpal , Sohal Harvinder Singh , Singh Baljit
Published: March 2021

In present work, the formation of α-hydroxycarboxylic acids have been described from various aromatic
aldehydes and ketones via direct electrocarboxylation method with 80-92% of yield without any side
product and can be purified by simple recrystallization using sacrificial Mg anode and Pt cathode in an
undivided cell, CO2 at (1 atm) was continuously bubbled in the cell throughout the reaction using
tetrapropyl-ammonium chloride as a supporting electrolyte in acetonitrile. The synthesized compounds
obtained in fair to excellent yield with a high level of purity. The characterization of electrocarboxylated
compounds was done with spectroscopic techniques like IR, NMR (1H & 13C), mass and elemental
analysis.
A New Validated Stability indicating RP-HPLC Method for Simultaneous Quantification of Impurities
of Fluticasone Propionate and Salmeterol Xenafoate in Metered Dose Inhalation Aerosol
Authors: Mamillapalli Surya Prakash , Koyya Shirisha , Subbaiah B. Venkata , Annapurna N.
Published: March 2021

A simple, specific, precise, accurate and stability indicating reversed phase HPLC method for
simultaneous quantification of total 12 impurities of fluticasone propionate and salmeterol xenafoate
in metered dose inhalation aerosol has been developed in the present work. Chromatographic separation
between impurities of both compounds were achieved on Altima C18 250 × 4.6 mm, 5 μ column using
a step-gradient elution at a flow rate of 1.4 mL/min, 0.1% v/v orthophosphoric acid as buffer and acetonitrile
as mobile phase constituents. Forced degradation studies for drug product were performed and revealed
that Salmeterol is acid sensitive (about 21.3%), degrades to IMP-D and fluticasone is alkali sensitive
(about 7.6%) and degrades to IMP-A. All degradant and process related impurities of both compounds
were monitored at 214 nm and spectral purity along with % mass balance is assessed using PDA
detector, which proved stability indicating capability of the method. The developed method is fully
validated as per current ICH guidelines, where precision is achieved at % RSD of < 5, Correlation of
< 0.999 for linearity, LOD-LOQ at < 0.02% and < 0.05%, along with satisfactory system suitability
results under robustness conditions.
Air Quality in Six Northern Indian Cities During Diwali 2020: The Real Tragedy in Disguise
Authors: Lawrence A.J. , Abraham A. , Ali F. , Arif S. , Fatima S. , Fatima U. , Khan T.
Published: March 2021

North Indian cities have been highly polluted, especially in winters, which coincide with the Diwali
festival. This year, the government imposed ban on the burning of firecrackers. This study was
undertaken from 4th-21st November, 2020 to monitor the air quality variation with respect to PM10 and
PM2.5 for Delhi, Lucknow, Ghaziabad, Muzaffarnagar, Greater Noida and Bulandshahar cities during
and post Diwali period, to know whether there was any impact of the warnings. The hourly variations
in the AQI were very poor between 8:00 p.m.-10:00 p.m. on Diwali day. Significant short term variation
in the AQI was observed during the night. A weak positive correlation was obtained between the
temperature and AQI, whereas a negative relationship was established with humidity. As compared to
last year’s AQI, higher values were obtained this year. The short-term variation in air quality may
prove crucial in future in the wake of COVID-19 pandemic.
Seasonal Assessment of Physico-Chemical Parameters and Water
Quality Evaluation of Kune-Vaini Lagoon Complex, Lezha, Albania
Authors: Vallja Loreta , Broli Nevila , Shehu Alma , Duka Sonila , Vasjari Majlinda
Published: March 2021

The evaluation of the water quality of the Kune-Vain lagoon complex with regard to general
physico-chemical and chemical parameters was the main focus of the present study. This evaluation
was based on the requirement of Council Directive of 18 July 1978 on the “quality of fresh waters
needing protection or improvement in order to support fish life”, [78/659/EEC] and the requirement
of Council Directive of 3 November 1998 relating to the “quality of water intended for human
consumption”, [98/83/EC]. Five sampling stations were selected to successfully perform the water
monitoring on the Kune-Vaini lagoon complex with a frequency of every two months, from July,
2018- July, 2019. The parameters measured were temperature, pH, conductivity, salinity, DO, BOD,
TDS, total hardness, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl– and some heavy metals. The monitored lagoons have shown
notable differences based on physico-chemical parameters.
Novel RP-HPLC-PDA Approach for Efficient Simultaneous Quantification of
Imipenem, Cilastatin and Relebactum in Bulk Drug and Injection Dose Forms
Authors: Ponnekanti Krishnaphanisri , Sunitha K.
Published: March 2021

In this investigation, a highly reliable, precise, stability indicating, specific and selective RP-HPLC
approach with photodiode array detection (RP-HPLC-PDA) was established to determine
simultaneously imipenem, cilastatin and relebactum in bulk drug and injection dose forms.
Chromatographic separation of imipenem, cilastatin and relebactum was achieved via using C18 XTerra
column and a mobile phase poised of acetonitrile and 0.1 M dipotassium hydrogen phosphate buffer
(4.5 pH, set with 0.1% orthophosphoric acid) at 45:55 (v/v) ratio with a flow stream of 1 mL/min. The
photodiode array detector was fixed at wavelength 245 nm and quantifications of imipenem, cilastatin
and relebactum were based on assessing their peak response areas. Good linearity was detected in
target range concentrations of 250-750 μg/mL (imipenem and cilastatin) and 125-375 μg/mL
(relebactum). The precision (standard variation percentage) was between 0.141% and 0.257%. Accuracy
(%assay nominal) determined was between 99.144% and 99.638%. The validated RP-HPLC approach
was applied to Recarbio injection dose evaluating imipenem, cilastatin and relebactum content with
no interference encountered from the injection dose inactive ingredients. Imipenem, cilastatin and
relebactum were subjected to forced conditions like 30% peroxide, 0.1 N NaOH, sunlight, 0.1 N HCl
and 60 ºC. Imipenem, cilastatin and relebactum were effectively separated, quantified and resolved
from the degradants generated in forced conditions.
HPLC Determination of Formaldehyde in Flour Samples using
2,4,6-Trichlorophenyl Hydrazine as Derivatization Reagent
Authors: Al Azzam Khaldun M. , Makahleh Ahmad , Saad Bahruddin
Published: March 2021

A new simple and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for the
determination of formaldehyde in flour samples has been developed. Formaldehyde was quantified
after derivatization with a readily available reagent, 2,4,6-trichlorophenyl hydrazine (TCPH) under
basic conditions. The formaldehyde-TCPH derivative was eluted with chromatographic mobile phase
of 70:30 (v/v) acetonitrile:water at a flow rate of 1.0 mL min–1; wavelength, 222 nm; injection volume,
50 μL, using a C18 ODS Hypersil column (250 mm × 4.5 mm, 5 μm). The calibration curve was linear
over the range of 0.001-10 μg mL-1 with R2 = 0.999. Recoveries at three different concentration levels
(0.1, 1.0 and 5 μg mL-1) ranged from 92.0-101.7% with RSD less than of 2.2%. The limit of detection
(LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were 0.3 and 1.0 ng mL-1, respectively. The developed method
was used for the determination of formaldehyde in various flour-based samples.
Emission of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Smoke Particulates at
Three Different Combustion Stages from Burning of Rhizophora apiculate,
Melaleuca leucadendron and Hevea brasiliensis Wood
Authors: Seng T.H. , Suratman S. , Abas M.R. , Tahir N.M.
Published: March 2021

The purpose of this study was to characterize and determine the concentrations of polycyclic aromatic
hydrocarbons (PAHs) emitted in smoke particulates from burning of Rhizophora apiculata, Melaleuca
leucadendron and Hevea Brasilensis at the smouldering, flaming and charring stages. Smoke particulates
were sampled using a total suspended particulate Hi-volume sampler (HVS) at a rate of 1.13 m3/min
and PAHs were extracted with a mixture of dichloromethane-methanol (3:1 v/v) using ultrasonic
agitation. Fractionation of PAHs was carried out on an alumina-silica column and analysis by gas
chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The results showed that most of the samples exhibited
the highest total identified PAHs in the smouldering stage with formation of PAHs with three rings or
more increasing from the smouldering to flaming stages and reducing as combustion entered the
charring stage. Naphthalene, phenanthrene and pyrene were the dominant PAHs detected in the wood
smoke particulates, depending on combustion stage. Overall the emission and formation of PAHs are
strongly dependent on combustion stage as well as other factors such as wood morphology, species,
moisture content and combustion temperature.
Unexpected Improvement of Liver Function by Intravenous Immunoglobulin in a Steroid-Experienced Severe Alcoholic Hepatitis
Authors: Tak Kwon Yong , Sung Pil Soo , Nam Hee Chul , Jang Jeong Won , Choi Jong Young , Yoon Seung Kew
Published: March 2021

Corticosteroid is the treatment of choice for severe alcoholic hepatitis; however, it can also lead to severe life-threatening infection. We report a 28-year-old severe alcoholic hepatitis patient who did not achieve a satisfactory improvement of the liver function by corticosteroid use but obtained a significant improvement of the liver function by intravenous immunoglobulin. Intravenous immunoglobulin was administered to control infection after prolonged corticosteroid usage; however, it led to an unexpected remarkable decrease in the serum total bilirubin level and restored the responsiveness to the additional corticosteroid used after the resolution of the infection.
Metastatic Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor With Primary Presentation as Orbital Cellulitis
Authors: Mehtani Rohit , Venkitaraman Aswath , Roy Aakash , Premkumar Madhumita
Published: March 2021

Neuroendocrine tumors (NET) are rare malignancies of the gastrointestinal tract or lung with the most common metastases being the liver. Surgery remains the mainstay of treatment. We describe a 53-year-old woman with pancreatic NET metastatic to the liver, spleen, and orbital fossae. She presented with orbital cellulitis and was managed as a case of ocular tuberculosis after a preliminary ultrasound of the eye which showed soft-tissue edema of the orbit, and aspiration cytology showed ill-formed lymphocyte clusters. Eight weeks later, she developed antitubercular therapy-induced hepatitis. Further investigations revealed the real diagnosis of metastatic NET with orbital deposits. She received somatostatin analogue therapy, everolimus, and peptide receptor radionuclide therapy with significant reduction in size of lesions and resolution of symptoms.
Déplacement accidentel de la dent de sagesse maxillaire dans le vestibule jugal antérieur
Authors: Fathi Sakha , Olszewski Raphael
Published: March 2021

Les déplacements accidentels des dents de sagesse du maxillaire supérieur dans divers régions anatomiques sont rares. Nous avons effectué la recherche de littérature sur ce sujet de manière systématique en utilisant PubMed et DOAJ. Il n’existe pas d’illustration accessible gratuitement pour les voies de déplacements accidentels des dents de sagesse supérieurs imagées par le CT scan ou par le CBCT à part le déplacement vers la fosse infra-temporale et vers la fosse ptérygopalatine. Nous décrivons et illustrons par CBCT un cas unique dans la littérature médicale de déplacement accidentel du germe de la dent de sagesse du maxillaire supérieur dans l’espace jugal antérieur. Les raisons potentielles, les conséquences ainsi que les moyens de prévention de cette rare complication d’extraction de dents de sagesse sont aussi expliquées.
Removal of Heavy Metals by Using Chitosan/ Poly (Acryl Amide-Acrylic Acid) Hydrogels: Characterization and Kinetic Study
Authors: Jasim Layth S. , Aljeboree Aseel M.
Published: March 2021

In this Study, hydrogel P(CH/AA-co-AM) was prepared, identification and utilized as an efficient absorbent to eliminate Cr (III) and Cd (II) ions from the aqueous solution. The adsorption of these ions follows Freundlich isotherms. Due to greater activity surface of the hydrogel in adsorption of the contaminants, they can be utilized for elimination of the mentioned ions from water. Therefore, we characterized structural, surface and thermal properties of the prepared materials with technique: TGA, FE-SEM and FT-IR. Moreover, we implemented the kinetics of sorption with regard to the amounts of the metal sorbet at distinct time intervals and thus examined the modeling of the isotherm and kinetic curves. Finally, we computed the reaction order as well as rate constant.
Study and Investigation of Hard Photons Emission in Heavy Ion Collisions
Authors: Younis Taghreed A. , Al-Agealy Hadi J.M.
Published: March 2021

This work involves hard photon rate production from quark -gluon plasma QGP interaction in heavy ion collision. Using a quantum chromodynamic model to investigate and calculation of photons rate in 𝑐𝑔 → 𝑠𝑔𝛾 system due to strength coupling, photons rate, temperature of system, flavor number and critical. The photons rate production computed using the perturbative strength models for QGP interactions. The strength coupling was function of temperature of system, flavor number and critical temperature. Its influenced by force with temperature of system, its increased with decreased the temperature and vice versa. The strength coupling has used to examine the confinement and deconfinement of quarks in QGP properties and influence on the photon rate production. In our approach, we calculate the photons rate depending on the strength coupling, photons rate and temperature of system with other factors. The results plotted as a function of the photons energy. The photons rate was decreased with increased temperature and increased with decreased with strength coupling.
Classification of Breast Cancer Using a Hybrid and Enhanced Recurrent Residual Convolutional Neural Network (ERResCNN)
Authors: Prakash S. , Sangeetha K.
Published: March 2021

Females are affected by BC (Breast Cancer) more than any other type of cancer. BC has caused more deaths than any other diseases such as tuberculosis or malaria according to WHO (World Health Organization). The mortality rates due to BC in women are high making it a candidate for early detection for prevention and cure. Diagnosing BC is a complex task as it is interleaved with normal breast tissues. Image processing methods have been proposed for detecting BC, yet better segmentation methods are required. Fuzzy based approaches provide optimal results in segmenting BC images. Hence, this work uses Fuzzy approach combined with ResCNN (Recurrent Residual Convolution Neural Network) which is the optimized by a modified GA (Genetic Algorithm). The proposed ERResCNN classifying results in detecting BC from images is accurate and efficient in comparison to other methods.
Adsorption of Methylene Blue Dye using Fe3O4 Magnetized Natural Zeolite Adsorbent
Authors: Rendo Donatus
Published: March 2021

Preparation and characterization of Fe3O4 magnetized natural zeolite adsorbent for adsorption of methylene blue dye have been carried out. Natural zeolite/Fe3O4 adsorbent preparation was carried out using coprecipitation of Fe2+ and Fe3+ ions (1: 2 mol ratio) on the natural zeolite surface. Characterization was carried out using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) to determine the effect of Fe3O4 on the natural zeolite surface. UV-Vis spectroscopy was used to determine the concentration of methylene blue after the adsorption process. The characterization results showed that Fe3O4 was successfully embedded in the natural zeolite without damaging the natural zeolite's crystallinity. Natural zeolite/Fe3O4 adsorbent showed easy separation from water medium after the adsorption process. The optimum conditions for adsorption were achieved at the contact time of 60 minutes, and the initial concentration of methylene blue was 30 ppm with an adsorbent mass of 25 mg. Adsorption kinetics followed pseudo-second-order reaction kinetics, and adsorption isotherm followed Langmuir isotherm with an adsorption capacity of 32.258 mg/g.
European Humanism and Benedictine Monasticism. Around Selected Statements of Benedict XVI
Authors: Kiejkowski Paweł
Published: March 2021

Josef Ratzinger has made the problem of the solid foundations of European humanism one of the most important in his scientific and pastoral work. Called to the Holy See, he chose the name Benedict XVI, indicating the Saint Abbot of Nursia as the special patron of his pontificate. In this study two valuable statements of Pope Ratzinger are discussed, showing the relationship between European humanism and Benedictine monasticism. The first is the speech of Benedict XVI during a meeting with people active in culture at the Bernardine College in Paris on September 12, 2008. The second is the text Crisis of cultures, in which the Pope pensioner presents Abbot Benedict and his way of life as an adequate response to the contemporary crisis of European humanism. To seek God in the first place, to sensitize conscience to trueness, showing the paths of freedom, which advocates good and beauty, is the calling of Benedictine monks and at the same time, a necessary condition for integral humanism, the creative development of European culture.
Illegality in Employment Contracts, Enforced Labour and Public Policy Considerations
Authors: Akhtar Zia
Published: March 2021

The English law of the illegality of contracts is founded on public policy and expressed in the maxim ex turpi causa non oritur actio meaning an action cannot arise from an illegal cause. Furthermore, the position of the law is that where a contract is tainted with illegality and both parties are equally to blame then neither party can claim any right or remedy under the contract. This doctrine has to be viewed within the context of the employment contracts which are against public policy, particularly those where illegality of contract concerns irregular migrants who have been offered terms which infringe the legislation such as the Immigration Acts and the Modern Slavery Act 2015. The question in this paper is the scope of the public policy requirements that courts take into account when the contracts are unenforceable for illegality based on infringements of the human rights framework and ECHR legal precedence.
东南亚华语初期发展变化考察 —— 以《新国民日报》为例
Authors: 晏斌 刁
Published: March 2021

文章立足于东南亚华语史, 以新加坡早期华文报章《新国民日报》为对象, 以1919年末-1920年初和1933年为两个时间点, 进行语言发展变化的对比性调查, 将调查结果归纳为“四化”, 即中性化、方言化、欧化和本土化。在“四化”基础上, 归纳和提炼了华语及其历史研究的“三观”, 即三个基本观念: 华语形成与发展的动态观、早期华语与早期国语的同步观、华语发展的本土观。
新马华语 “被” 字式历时考察
Authors: 丽 卢月
Published: March 2021

文章分阶段考察了华语“被”字式百年来简化与繁化两种发展变化, 前者主要表现在由长“被”字式多到短“被”字式多以及由句子“降格”为句子成分; 后者则是音节不断拉长、成分类型渐趋多样化, 究其原因是为了适应表达的需求, 即由弱描述到强描述、由简单叙述到复杂叙述。此外, 新马华语“被”字式继承并保留了传统国语中的一些“古”“旧”形式。通过“被”字式的历时考察, 可以由小观大, 借斑窥豹, 由此来了解华语的发展与演进。
Simple synthesis of poly (1,4-bis(dodecyloxy)-2,5-diethynylbenzene)/Pd composites with catalytic activity in Sonogashira coupling reaction
Authors: Ferdousi Moon Jannatul , Rahman Khan Mohammad Mizanur , Alam M. Ashraful , Younus Muhammad
Published: March 2021

Palladium on the polymeric materials (Pd@polymer) as a catalyst is now very promising due to its great prospect for catalytic application. Such material in the form of composites is found to be stable and can be applied as catalyst in organic synthesis like Sonogashira coupling reaction. In the present work, Pd containing conjugated poly-ynes composites (Poly (1,4-bis(dodecyloxy)-2,5-diethynylbenzene) (Poly-DEB)/Pd) were synthesized by varying the addition of Pd in the range of equivalent weight of 8:4, 8:2 and 8:1, maintaining the fixed amount of 1,4-bis(dodecyloxy)-2,5-diethynylbenzene (DEB) through chemical oxidative polymerization technique. Both FTIR and UV-visible spectroscopy confirmed the interactions between DEB and Pd in the composites. The DSC data revealed the improved melting temperature as well as the crystallinity of the composites than the DEB. The PL spectra showed its florescence property. The catalytic capability of the Poly-DEB/Pd composites were examined using the Sonogashira coupling reactions, which demonstrated good yields. The suggested synthetic protocol is very facile, reproducible and beneficial for the fabrication of diverse mono and bimetallic composites with conjugated polymers. The present study also demonstrates the new example of Poly-DEB/Pd composites catalyzed Sonogashira coupling reaction. These composites have a possibility to develop as a commercial reagent in various organic synthesis subjects to its application prospects.
Reconstruction algorithm of 3D surface in scanning electron microscopy with backscattered electron detector
Authors: Borzunov Andrey A. , Lukyanenko Dmitry V. , Rau Eduard I. , Yagola Anatoly G.
Published: March 2021

A new technique for three-dimensional surface reconstruction of relatively smooth surface topography using the scanning electron microscopy with backscattered electron detector is considered. Experiments show high effectiveness of the method.
Joint Action without Mutual Beliefs
Authors: Figà Talamanca Giacomo
Published: March 2021

Joint action among human beings is characterized by using elaborate cognitive feats, such as representing the mental states of others about a certain state of affairs. It is still debated how these capacities evolved in the hominid lineage. I suggest that the consolidation of a shared practice over time can foster the predictability of other’s behavior. This might facilitate the evolutionary passage from inferring what others might know by simply seeing them and what they are viewing towards a mutual awareness of each other’s beliefs. I will examine the case for cooperative hunting in one chimpanzee community and argue that it is evidence that they have the potential to achieve common ground, suggesting that the consolidation of a practice might have supported the evolution of higher social cognition in the hominid lineage.
Multilingualism, nationality and flexibility: mobile communicators’ careers in a humanitarian agency
Authors: Garrido Maria Rosa
Published: March 2021

This article explores the management of multilingual mobile communicators at the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) according to institutional requirements and the consequences on Arabic-speaking communicators’ careers. Based on interviews complemented by institutional documents, I analyse the impact of “multiple languages”, “‘easy’ nationality” and “flexibility for non-family posts” as key requirements for mobile communicators. The institutional shortage of Arabic speakers largely limited their experience to Middle East and Northern Africa (MENA) while other communicators allegedly had a broader variety of field experience for career advancement. Linguistic repertoires and nationality shaped mission allocation since acceptance of one’s nationality in the host country largely outweighed linguistic competences in Arabic in MENA, with a preference for European or dual nationals and the Lebanese over other Arab nationals. Flexibility for non-family posts, numerous in MENA, seems to reinforce an unequal distribution of reproductive work and structural gender inequalities. Many interviewed women felt that they had to choose between the agency and family. Although desirable, family posts outside MENA were not considered as exciting communications work. Besides hiring L2 speakers with an acceptable nationality, interviewed communicators suggested a new rotation system, advising roles for Arabic-speaking professionals and special quota for women.
Non-linear interferometry with infrared metasurfaces
Authors: Paterova Anna V. , Kalashnikov Dmitry A. , Khaidarov Egor , Yang Hongzhi , Mass Tobias W. W. , Paniagua-Domínguez Ramón , Kuznetsov Arseniy I. , Krivitsky Leonid A.
Published: March 2021

The optical elements comprised of sub-diffractive light scatterers, or metasurfaces, hold a promise to reduce the footprint and unfold new functionalities of optical devices. A particular interest is focused on metasurfaces for manipulation of phase and amplitude of light beams. Characterisation of metasurfaces can be performed using interferometry, which, however, may be cumbersome, specifically in the infrared (IR) range. Here, we realise a new method for characterising metasurfaces operating in the telecom IR range using accessible components for visible light. Correlated IR and visible photons are launched into a non-linear interferometer so that the phase profile, imposed by the metasurface on the IR photons, modifies the interference at the visible photon wavelength. Furthermore, we show that this concept can be used for broadband manipulation of the intensity profile of a visible beam using a single IR metasurface. Our method unfolds the potential of quantum interferometry for the characterization of advanced optical elements.
Green chemistry outreach
Authors: Kolopajlo Larry
Published: March 2021

This paper discusses several approaches used to infuse green chemistry and its core values into the outreach curriculum spanning 2013–2017 at Eastern Michigan University. Pertinent pedagogy, best practices, suggestions on how to organize an outreach activity, and common pitfalls to be avoided will be discussed. A unique feature of the outreach camps described is that diversity is addressed.
Cheminformatics techniques in antimalarial drug discovery and development from natural products 2: Molecular scaffold and machine learning approaches
Authors: Egieyeh Samuel , Malan Sarel F. , Christoffels Alan
Published: March 2021

A large number of natural products, especially those used in ethnomedicine of malaria, have shown varying in-vitro antiplasmodial activities. Cheminformatics involves the organization, integration, curation, standardization, simulation, mining and transformation of pharmacology data (compounds and bioactivity) into knowledge that can drive rational and viable drug development decisions. This chapter will review the application of two cheminformatics techniques (including molecular scaffold analysis and bioactivity predictive modeling via Machine learning) to natural products with in-vitro and in-vivo antiplasmodial activities in order to facilitate their development into antimalarial drug candidates and design of new potential antimalarial compounds.
Analytical model for the signal-to-noise-ratio of drift tube ion mobility spectrometers
Authors: Kirk Ansgar T. , Bohnhorst Alexander , Zimmermann Stefan
Published: March 2021

While the resolving power of drift tube ion mobility spectrometers has been studied and modelled in detail over the past decades, no comparable model exists for the signal-to-noise-ratio. In this work, we develop an analytical model for the signal-to-noise-ratio of a drift tube ion mobility spectrometer based on the same experimental parameters used for modelling the resolving power. The resulting holistic model agrees well with experimental results and allows simultaneously optimizing both resolving power and signal-to-noise-ratio. Especially, it reveals several unexpected relationships between experimental parameters. First, even though reduced initial ion packet widths result in fewer injected ions and reduced amplifier widths result in more noise, the resulting shift of the optimum operating point when reducing both simultaneously leads to a constant signal-to-noise-ratio. Second, there is no dependence of the signal-to-noise-ratio at the optimum operating point on the drift length, as again the resulting shift of the optimum operating point causes all effects to compensate each other.
Deep Artificial Neural Networks Reveal a Distributed Cortical Network Encoding Propositional Sentence-Level Meaning
Authors: Anderson Andrew James , Kiela Douwe , Binder Jeffrey R. , Fernandino Leonardo , Humphries Colin J. , Conant Lisa L. , Raizada Rajeev D. S. , Grimm Scott , Lalor Edmund C.
Published: March 2021

Understanding how and where in the brain sentence-level meaning is constructed from words presents a major scientific challenge. Recent advances have begun to explain brain activation elicited by sentences using vector models of word meaning derived from patterns of word co-occurrence in text corpora. These studies have helped map out semantic representation across a distributed brain network spanning temporal, parietal, and frontal cortex. However, it remains unclear whether activation patterns within regions reflect unified representations of sentence-level meaning, as opposed to superpositions of context-independent component words. This is because models have typically represented sentences as “bags-of-words” that neglect sentence-level structure. To address this issue, we interrogated fMRI activation elicited as 240 sentences were read by 14 participants (9 female, 5 male), using sentences encoded by a recurrent deep artificial neural-network trained on a sentence inference task (InferSent). Recurrent connections and nonlinear filters enable InferSent to transform sequences of word vectors into unified “propositional” sentence representations suitable for evaluating intersentence entailment relations. Using voxelwise encoding modeling, we demonstrate that InferSent predicts elements of fMRI activation that cannot be predicted by bag-of-words models and sentence models using grammatical rules to assemble word vectors. This effect occurs throughout a distributed network, which suggests that propositional sentence-level meaning is represented within and across multiple cortical regions rather than at any single site. In follow-up analyses, we place results in the context of other deep network approaches (ELMo and BERT) and estimate the degree of unpredicted neural signal using an “experiential” semantic model and cross-participant encoding.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTA modern-day scientific challenge is to understand how the human brain transforms word sequences into representations of sentence meaning. A recent approach, emerging from advances in functional neuroimaging, big data, and machine learning, is to computationally model meaning, and use models to predict brain activity. Such models have helped map a cortical semantic information-processing network. However, how unified sentence-level information, as opposed to word-level units, is represented throughout this network remains unclear. This is because models have typically represented sentences as unordered “bags-of-words.” Using a deep artificial neural network that recurrently and nonlinearly combines word representations into unified propositional sentence representations, we provide evidence that sentence-level information is encoded throughout a cortical network, rather than in a single region.
Komposisi dan Kerapatan Mangrove Kawasan Konservasi Taman Wisata Perairan Gugusan Pulau- Pulau Momparang
Authors: Aliviyanti Dian , Isdianto Andik
Published: March 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi komposisi jenis dan kerapatan vegetasi mangrove di Pulau Karang Raya, Kabupaten Belitung Timur, Provinsi Kepulauan Bangka Belitung.  Metode penelitian exploratif yaitu ex post facto sesuai dengan kondisi lapang. Pengambilan data dilakukan menggunakan metode transek kuadran 10 x 10 m dengan 3 transek dan line transek sepanjang 50 m.  Analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif untuk mengetahui struktur komunitas meliputi komposisi, nilai Indeks Nilai Penting (INP), dan kerapatan jenis vegetasi mangrove.  Hasil yang didapatkan komposisi jenis vegetasi mangrove terdiri dari lima jenis yaitu Bruguiera clyndrica, Bruguiera gymnorhiza, Rhizopora apiculate, Rhizopora mucronata, dan Sonneratia alba. Rhizopora mucronata memiliki nilai INP tertinggi pada tiga stasiun pengamatan. Kerapatan dan persentase penutupan vegetasi mangrove pada stasiun I dan II termasuk kategori sangat padat dan baik.  Sedangkan pada stasiun III menunjukan kategori nilai kerapatan yang bervariasi yaitu jarang, sedang, dan padat, serta kategori persentase penutupan rusak dan baik.
Proses Pengolahan Sampah Plastik di UD Nialdho Plastik Kota Madiun
Authors: Utami Maulida Imania , Fitria Ningrum Dian Eka Aprilia
Published: March 2021

Limbah sampah plastik setiap harinya akan meningkat seiring dengan banyaknya kebutuhan manusia. Penimbunan sampah dapat mengakibatkan pencemaran lingkungan yang dapat mengganggu kehidupan manusia. Terlebih sampah plastik yang tidak dapat terurai dan mengandung zat kimia berbahaya apabila dibiarkan mencemari lingkungan seperti tanah dan air. Adanya lembaga atau perusahaan yang begerak dalam pengolahan sampah plastik dapat membantu mengurangi menumpuknya limbah plastik. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Penelitian bertempat di Unit Dagang Nialdho Plastik. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan kajian dalam proses pengolahan sampah plastik yang dilakukan oleh Unit Dagang Nialdho Plastik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui proses pengolahan sampah plastik yang dilakukan di Unit Dagang Nialdho Plastik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa proses pengolahan sampah plastik di Unit Dagang Nialdho Plastik terdapat empat tahap yaitu: 1) pengepulan, 2) penyortiran, 3) pengepakan, dan 4) pendistribusian. Setiap jenis plastik memiliki harga yang berbeda per kilogram berdasarkan karakteristik plastiknya.
Democracia y desarrollo: ¿existe una relación funcional?
Authors: Castillo Alberto , Vargas Camilo
Published: March 2021

El artículo pretende reflexionar sobre la relación funcional entre la democracia y el desarrollo a partir de la descripción de su evolución conceptual transitando desde su concepción instrumental a una concepción ampliada, de modo que, se extraen de manera deductiva las principales variables de su operacionalización. A partir de lo anterior, se realiza una discusión analítica desde diferentes teorías que sustentan los efectos positivos y negativos de la democracia en el desarrollo. Finalmente, a partir de un análisis econométrico de las variables identificadas se determina la significancia en la relación de funcionalidad de lo político hacia lo económico y viceversa.
Comparación entre modelos dinámicos y series de tiempo para explicar el comportamiento del precio de la papa criolla en el departamento de Cundinamarca Pre-print (versión 1; artículo en revisión: en espera de revisión)
Authors: Pineda Ríos Wilmer Darío
Published: March 2021

El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo evaluar el comportamiento y pronóstico del precio de la papa criolla en el departamento de Cundinamarca, según los factores climáticos desde enero de 2012 hasta abril de 2018. Para ello, se tomaron en consideración, por un lado, análisis basados en series de tiempo (ARIMA, ARIMAX) y, por el otro, modelos lineales dinámicos (con y sin covariables). En los modelos trabajados se usaron como variables las condiciones climáticas de la zona en cuestión, a las cuales se les aplicó un método de imputación de datos debido a la ausencia de información. Luego fueron agrupados en tres factores construidos por Análisis Factorial para Series de Tiempo (TSFA). Finalmente, se procedió a comparar los indicadores de los cuatro modelos, llegando a la conclusión de que los modelos ARIMA Y ARIMAX generan las mejores predicciones respecto del precio de la papa criolla en el departamento de Cundinamarca.
Numerical simulation of unsteady flows of cold plasma during plasma actuator operation
Authors: Redchyts D.O. , Moiseienko S.V.
Published: March 2021

The numerical simulation of unsteady flows of cold plasma is considered in this article. A low-temperature non-equilibrium ideal plasma is formed when the plasma actuator interacts with the air. The mathematical model has been developed to describe the behavior of low-temperature plasma. It is based on non-stationary equations describing the dynamics of charged particles and plasma electrodynamics equations. The 14 types of particles: metastable and excited nitrogen and oxygen atoms, positive and negative ions, electrons and atomic oxygen are considered. Volumetric and surface chemical reactions describing processes in a barrier discharge that occur above the dielectric surface are considered. For non-stationary equations of plasma dynamics, an implicit numerical algorithm with pseudo-time iteration has been developed, which is based on a finite-volume approach. The equation for the electrostatic potential with sources was solved using the generalized minimal residual method with incomplete LU preconditioning. In non-stationary equations for the density of plasma particles, the drift derivatives were approximated using the TVD scheme with the MinMod limiter function. The derivatives in the equation for the electric potential were calculated using finite-volume relations taking into account the upwind approximation of the concentration of charged plasma particles. The numerical results of the generation, propagation and destruction of a streamer during a dielectric barrier discharge are obtained. The unsteady plasma characteristics in the region above the dielectric surface are analyzed, including the distribution of the particles density, electric potential and the Lorentz force components. The results of numerical simulation of unsteady flows of low-temperature plasma are in good agreement with the available experimental data.
Agricultura biológica na Região Centro de Portugal: sub-região da Beira Litoral e no Vale do Lis
Authors: Bulha Jorge , Mendes Diogo , Ferreira Susana , Silva Francisco Gomes da , Oliveira Maria de Fátima
Published: March 2021

Resumo: A agricultura biológica cria um mercado para bens e serviços ambientais, e os produtores podem ser recompensados pela sua gestão agroambiental através de preços premium e pela Política Agrícola Comum (PAC). O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar os agricultores da Região Centro de agricultura do ponto de vista socioeconómico, além de avaliar a propensão para a mudança do modo produtivo para a agricultura biológica e identificar as principais dificuldades para a mudança. Foi realizado o estudo dos efeitos das políticas agrícolas na evolução da agricultura biológica. Foram realizados estudos através de entrevistas presenciais resultando em dois estudos de caso. Os estudos de caso apresentam metodologias distintas, mas complementares. O trabalho revelou que a PAC contribuiu para o desenvolvimento deste setor e os dados alcançados permitem aos investigadores desenvolver técnicas para que os agricultores possam superar os obstáculos e aumentar a competitividade da cadeia de valor. A renovação geracional e o aumento da dimensão da exploração são factores a considerar para o progresso da agricultura biológica. É necessário gerar formação adequada às necessidades e fornecer informações precisas e reais sobre as dificuldades e benefícios desse modo de agricultura.
Growth and gas exchange of corn under salt stress and nitrogen doses
Authors: Sousa Henderson C. , Sousa Geocleber G. de , Lessa Carla I. N. , Lima Antonio F. da S. , Ribeiro Rute M. R. , Rodrigues Francisco H. da C.
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT The excess of salts can affect several processes in the crops, and nitrogen (N) can attenuate the depressive effect of salinity. The objective was to evaluate the influence of nitrogen doses on the growth and gas exchange of corn crop irrigated with saline water. The experiment was conducted from June to September 2019 at the University of International Integration of Afro-Brazilian Lusophony, Redenção, CE, Brazil. The experimental design was completely randomized, in a 2 x 3 factorial scheme (supply water of 0.3 dS m-1 and saline solution of 3.0 dS m-1) and three nitrogen doses, 0, 80, and 160 kg ha-1, corresponding to 0, 50, and 100% of the recommended dose respectively, with six repetitions. At 30 and 45 days after sowing (DAS), plant height, leaf area, number of leaves, photosynthesis, transpiration, and stomatal conductance were evaluated. Saline stress affects plant height, leaf area, photosynthesis, transpiration, and conductance at 30 DAS. The doses of 80 and 160 kg ha-1 provide greater performance in plant height, leaf area, photosynthesis, transpiration, and conductance at 30 DAS. The use of low salinity water and doses of 80 and 160 kg ha-1 were more efficient in terms of plant height, leaf area, photosynthesis, transpiration, and conductance at 45 DAS. The dose of 160 kg ha-1 of N attenuates the harmful effects of salts in AG 1051 hybrid maize plants, providing higher values of photosynthesis, transpiration, and stomatal conductance at 45 DAS when irrigated with water of 3.0 dS m-1.
Fundamentos del Diseño Universal para el Aprendizaje Desde la Perspectiva Internacional
Authors: CORTÉS DÍAZ Mario , FERREIRA VILLA Camino , ARIAS GAGO Ana Rosa
Published: March 2021

RESUMEN: El presente estudio se enmarca en el ámbito educativo, concretamente, en el área de la educación inclusiva, profundizando en el Diseño Universal para el Aprendizaje (DUA). El DUA se concibe como un enfoque teórico y práctico que actúa como una herramienta eficaz para alcanzar una educación de calidad y equidad dentro del movimiento de la inclusión educativa. El objetivo de este estudio es analizar la presencia de los fundamentos del DUA (derecho de la educación; diversidad; Diseño Universal; currículo flexible; igualdad de oportunidades; neurociencia y tecnologías de la información y la comunicación) en los documentos publicados por los organismos internacionales con competencia en materia educativa y de repercusión mundial. La metodología de la investigación es de corte cualitativo utilizando el análisis documental. Las categorías de análisis corresponden a los siete fundamentos del DUA. Las fuentes documentales para el estudio han sido fundamentalmente las páginas web de los organismos internacionales y la base de datos UNESDOC, obteniéndose una muestra definitiva de once documentos pertenecientes a la literatura gris. Tras la revisión documental, los resultados han evidenciado que no todos los documentos objeto de estudio contemplan en su contenido las categorías de análisis. En suma, se observan carencias en cuanto a la presencia de los siete fundamentos del DUA en los documentos publicados analizados, por lo que se requiere de un nuevo tratamiento a nivel internacional del DUA con el fin de promover una educación de calidad e inclusiva, que atiende y respeta a las diferencias individuales dentro del proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje.
Adaptação de um Programa de Ensino de Consciência Fonológica para Crianças com Paralisia Cerebral
Authors: FERREIRA Layse Maria dos Santos , BANDINI Carmen Silvia Motta , BANDINI Heloisa Helena Motta
Published: March 2021

RESUMO: Neste trabalho, propôs-se a adaptar um instrumento para ensinar consciência fonológica (CF) a crianças com Paralisia Cerebral (PC). PC consiste em um grupo de desordens do movimento e da postura, que pode estar associado a déficits cognitivos, de interação e de linguagem, comprometendo a independência funcional do indivíduo, tanto na modalidade oral quanto na escrita. A literatura afirma que, vocabulário, memória fonológica e CF são consideradas habilidades preditoras e necessárias à aquisição e ao desempenho em leitura e escrita. Participaram do estudo três crianças com diagnóstico de PC e dois juízes especialistas. O estudo foi dividido em quatro etapas: a) análise e adaptação do instrumento Alfabetização: Método Fônico; b) análise de juízes especialistas; c) estudo piloto com pré e pós teste de CF e leitura; e d) versão final do instrumento. Foram adaptadas 63 atividades, levando em consideração o perfil da população, a análise dos juízes e a aplicação a um grupo clínico. Os participantes conseguiram compreender e executar o treino em 26 das 33 atividades. Todos mostraram melhora nos escores quando comparados pré e pós testes. Diante disso, o instrumento mostrou-se adequado à população após a adaptação e mostrou-se fiel ao ensino proposto pelo instrumento original.
Abordagens de Psicoterapia para Pessoas com Deficiência: Revisão da Literatura
Authors: SEVERO Charlie Trelles , SANTOS Bárbara Tietbohl Martins Quadros dos , SEVERO Andréa Asti , PEREIRA Marilú Mourão , OLIVEIRA Lucas Mendes de , MONTEIRO Gabriela Massaro Carneiro , BASTOS Tamires , LASKOSKI Pricilla Braga , HAUCK Simone
Published: March 2021

RESUMO: Quinze por cento da população mundial apresenta algum tipo de deficiência. Isso pode ser caracterizado por vários tipos de condições, cada uma com sua complexidade específica. Assim sendo, esta revisão da literatura objetiva identificar recentes estudos científicos, no quinquênio 2014-2019, que descrevem cuidados psicoterapêuticos com pessoas com deficiência. Foram consultados: PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, PsycINFO (APA), BVS (Bireme/LILACS) e SciELO. Encontrou-se um total de 1.330 artigos. Após dois processos de seleção, 26 pesquisas corresponderam aos critérios de inclusão. A metodologia de pesquisa predominante foi ensaio clínico randomizado, seguido por estudos de caso e estudos descritivos/qualitativos. Pessoas com deficiência intelectual e/ou física, deficiência visual e/ou auditiva e autismo foram as populações mais estudadas. As técnicas comportamentais prevalecem nos estudos incluídos, com menor incidência de técnicas psicodinâmicas. A psicoterapia favorece inclusive o enfrentamento de situações adversas impostas na vida de qualquer ser humano. Pessoas com deficiência também podem apresentar necessidades psicoterápicas, uma vez que, na realidade de suas vidas, incluem complexidades além de sua deficiência. Existem fortes evidências para o uso da psicoterapia como recurso eficaz para a elaboração terapêutica de problemas relacionados à saúde, à educação e à vida social de pessoas com deficiência, independentemente do tipo de intervenção psicoterápica.