bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Extended Inflammation Parameters (EIP) as Markers of Inflammation in Systemic Sclerosis
Authors: Kowalska-Kępczyńska Anna , Mleczko Mateusz , Komajda Kamila , Michalska-Jakubus Małgorzata , Krasowska Dorota , Korpysz Maciej
Published: September 2024

Background. Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an autoimmune disease characterized by inflammation, progressive vasculopathy, and fibrosis of skin and internal organs. The aim of the study was to evaluate extended inflammatory parameters (EIP) in patients with SSc in comparison to the control group of healthy subjects. Methods. A total of 28 patients with SSc and 29 healthy controls (HCs) were included in the study. The following EIP parameters were analyzed: neutrophil reactive intensity (NEUT‐RI), neutrophil granularity intensity (NEUT‐GI), antibody‐synthesizing lymphocytes (AS‐LYMP), and reactive lymphocytes (RE‐LYMP). Results. Patients with SSc showed significantly higher values of parameters determining neutrophil reactivity and neutrophil granularity when compared to HCs (respectively, 49.16 FI vs. 44.33 FI, p < 0.001, and 152.01 SI vs. 147.51 SI, p < 0.001). Moreover, patients with SSc had higher absolute numbers of RE‐LYMP than HCs (0.69 × 103/µl vs. 0.04 × 103/µl, p < 0.001). Importantly, significant correlations between the RE‐LYMP and either IL‐6 (R = 0.447, p < 0.001) or ESR (R = 0.532, p < 0.001) were found among patients with SSc. Conclusions. Changes in NEUT‐RI, NEUT‐GI, and RE‐LYMP levels positively correlate with inflammation in SSc and, thus, could potentially be used as an additional reliable inflammatory biomarker to assess inflammation in this disease.
Severe Neurotoxicity due to Atropa belladonna Poisoning: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Boskabadi Seyed Javad , Ramezaninejad Sima , Zakariaei Zakaria
Published: September 2024

Atropa belladonna (A. belladonna), commonly known as deadly nightshade, is a poisonous plant belonging to the Solanaceae family. The toxic effects of A. belladonna are attributable to its alkaloid content, which possesses potent anticholinergic properties. These alkaloids are responsible for the plant’s toxicity and can cause a range of adverse effects in humans and animals upon ingestion or contact. In this report, we describe two atypical cases of A. belladonna poisoning resulting from accidental ingestion of the plant’s raw leaves, which were referred to the emergency room of a poisoning center in northern Iran. Both patients presented with symptoms of anticholinergic toxicity, including dry mouth, mydriasis, tachycardia, and delirium. The patients were managed conservatively with supportive measures, including hydration and administration of benzodiazepines to control agitation and delirium. With appropriate treatment, both patients showed improvement and were discharged from the hospital. A. belladonna intoxication is associated with a range of clinical manifestations, primarily due to its neurotoxic effects. These manifestations may include flushing, mydriasis, tachycardia, ataxia, agitation, delirium, and urinary retention. The severity of symptoms can vary depending on the amount of the toxin ingested and the individual’s susceptibility. In severe cases, A. belladonna toxicity can lead to seizures, coma, and even death. These cases highlight the importance of awareness regarding the potential toxicity of A. belladonna and the necessity of prompt and appropriate management of its toxicity. In severe cases, physostigmine may be considered for the treatment of neurological symptoms due to the plant’s anticholinergic effects.
Delusional Parasitosis in Comorbidity With Shared Paranoid Disorder in a Marriage
Authors: Escobar-Herrera Jonatan , León-Gallegos Gibran Raymundo , Valencia-Ledezma Omar E. , García-Rascon Rafael , Santiago-González Nicolás
Published: September 2024

Delusional parasitosis is a psychotic disorder where the patient has the delusion of being infested with some insect or parasite. In contrast, shared paranoid disorder or folie à deux is described when the same delusions affect two or more closely related people. It is common for these two situations to cause comorbidity in the family unit. This case report concerns a couple married for 37 years. The husband described that 2 years ago, he began with a tingling sensation throughout his body, related to the presence of parasites coming out from all his body orifices, with no evidence of self‐harm. Likewise, the wife reported symptoms of formication and the feeling that there were invisible animals, as mentioned by her husband, and that she felt the parasites running throughout her body. The husband was diagnosed with endoparasitic delusional parasitosis, which caused folie à deux in his wife due to ectoparasitic parasitosis. The patient’s treatment included sertraline and risperidone in oral dosage lasting 3 months reducing delirium, later biperidene was prescribed due to main treatment’s side effects such as akathisia and sialorrhea, however the patient could not take the medication due to economic reasons. The wife was asked to sleep in a separate room, and she reported that the sensory hallucinations disappeared as soon as she slept in a different room. We conclude that the pharmacological approach, the intervention in the family life, and the gradual reintegration of marital habits once the patient improves are crucial in the therapy of delusional disorder.
The Impact of Long‐Term Tillage Systems on Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics and Other Nutrient Contents
Authors: Öztürk Feyzullah , Ortaş Ibrahim
Published: September 2024

Different long‐term tillage systems were examined for their effects on the amount of native mycorrhizal spores in the rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils, as well as their effects on the organic carbon and mineral nutrient content of the soil. The long‐term study was initiated in 2006, using a Typic Haploxerert soil series, with the current study conducted in 2018–2019 using the Adana‐99 wheat variety. Seven tillage systems were examined: two no‐tills (NT and ST), three reduced tillage systems (RT‐1, RT‐2, and RT‐3), two conventional tillage systems (CT‐1 and CT‐2), and one strategic/occasional tillage system with three replicates as randomized blocks. The effects of tillage management on soil quality parameters were found by analyzing N, P, K, Mg, Ca, Cu, Fe, Zn, and Mn contents, as well as inorganic and organic carbon in soil samples taken before sowing and postharvest. Tillage systems had a significant influence on mineral nutrient concentrations. Reduced and no‐tillage methods, particularly strategic and no‐tillage, contribute positively to soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration and nutrient retention and the number of mycorrhizae spores. The results show that as the tillage intensity decreased, the soil C, N, K, Ca, and Mg contents increased mycorrhizal spores. The rhizosphere soils under no‐tillage and reduced tillage practices had higher soil carbon content and higher mycorrhizae spore counts at the postharvest stage than soils under conventional tillage (CT) practices. Conclusively, after 13 years of different soil tillage treatments, more carbon was sequestrated under NT than under heavy tillage CT treatment. The ST tillage treatment sequestrated 19.37 Mt SOC (0–15 cm) and 10.06 (15–30 cm) Mt SOC compared with the CT‐1 tillage treatment. Comparing CT treatments, RT tillage and NT maintained higher carbon concentrations of up to 17% and 31%, respectively.
NoFumo+: Mobile Health App to Quit Smoking Using Cognitive‐Behavioral Therapy
Authors: García-Pazo Patricia , Fornés-Vives Joana , Abad Albert Sesé
Published: September 2024

This paper describes the development and test of a smartphone application to quit smoking using cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). The tool includes recommendations from US Clinical Practice Guidelines (USCPG), drawing on the potential of smartphones and complying with the health App (mHealth) assessment standards. The mHealth created, called NoFumo+, is structured by 4 weeks treatment, implements the USCPG 5A recommendations (ask, advise, assess, assist, and arrange) and incorporates a CBT. It also includes complementary information, monitoring of the smoking behavior, social support for users, proposals for alternative activities to smoking, and innovative gamification to encourage and reward adherence. To technical development, a multidisciplinary team was formed (healthcare, research, and software engineers) that made theoretical decisions on both technical issues and the incorporation of therapeutic techniques. The validation was carried out in two phases; the first in the laboratory by a group of experts in information and communication technologies and CBTs (n = 15) and the second, a field study with smokers (n = 10). The standards for the development of mHealth recommended by the Andalusian Healthcare Quality Agency and the App quality evaluation guidelines of the Catalonian ICT Foundation for Social Health were used as assessment protocols by the experts’ panel and the smokers’ group, respectively. Experts’ assessment results were satisfactory and some improving changes were suggested, such as to add more gamification elements. The group of smokers rated the mHealth as 100% easy to use and effective for quit smoking and understandable by the 83.3%. They also found No Fumo + quite useful to have the information available at all times. The obtained evidence after a complete two‐phased validation study, with experts and potential users, shows a mHealth with high quality and easy to use. Finally, investigation project registered in ClinicalTrials.gov with reference to this trial is registered with NCT045402004.
Supplementary Table 4 from Claudin-4 Modulates Autophagy via SLC1A5/LAT1 as a Mechanism to Regulate Micronuclei
Authors: Villagomez Fabian R. , Lang Julie , Rosario Fredrick J. , Nunez-Avellaneda Daniel , Webb Patricia , Neville Margaret , Woodruff Elizabeth R. , Bitler Benjamin G.
Published: September 2024

Survival statistics of claudin-4-interacting partners.
Nail Supplements: When, How, and Why?
Authors: Zaraa Ines , Richert Bertrand
Published: September 2024

Background: The number of supplements for nail health is continuously increasing, and consumers are no longer familial with them, which can create confusion, as they do not always understand what they are consuming, and some will seek advice from their dermatologist, who must have as clear and a precise answer. Summary: Biotin, collagen peptides, solubilized keratin MSM, and choline-stabilized orthosilicic acid have been shown to improve the clinical appearance of nails, strength, and brittleness. There is a lack of regulation from the health authorities concerning dietary supplements. Manufacturers are not required to carry out efficacy and safety studies before marketing. Key Messages: Dermatologists must be aware of the ingredients available on the market, their possible benefits but also their risks. It is important to specify to patients that our recommendations are as solid as the available evidence. In this article, we will discuss about the supplements available for nails, their mechanisms of action, and possible side effects.
Therapy-Related Acute Myeloid Leukemia after CAR-T Cell Therapy with Brexucabtagene Autoleucel for Mantle Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Volery François , Banz Yara , Heini Alexander , Kronig Marie-Noelle , Siegrist Daniel , Daskalakis Michael , Bacher Ulrike , Pabst Thomas
Published: September 2024

Introduction: The introduction of CAR-T cell treatment for relapsed/refractory (r/r) mantle cell lymphoma improved survival rates of these patients. Along with its introduction in clinical routine, long-term events after CAR-T cell treatment are increasingly emerging. Case Presentation: We report the case of a patient developing acute erythroid leukemia with biallelic TP53 inactivation occurring 26 months after CAR-T therapy with brexucabtagene autoleucel (brexu-cel) for r/r mantle cell lymphoma. The patient presented with a healthy bone marrow prior to lymphoma treatments. Discussion: Secondary malignancies seem more frequent after CAR-T therapies. More studies are needed to assess potential long-term toxicities of CAR-T cell therapies including the frequency of secondary myeloid malignancies.
Pharmacokinetics-Based Safety Evaluation in Half-Dose Verteporfin Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Kim Hyeong Min , Kim Hyuncheol , Chung Jae Yong , Woo Se Joon
Published: September 2024

Introduction: This study was conducted to assess the systemic pharmacokinetic profiles of half-dose verteporfin photodynamic therapy (PDT) using concentration data from a previous clinical trial and to subsequently suggest safety precaution guidelines. Methods: Coefficients for the bi-exponential model were obtained from published data on post-infusion plasma verteporfin concentrations within a period of 0.17–4 h. Using the extrapolative forecasting method, we plotted the 48-h post-verteporfin plasma concentration model. The time required to achieve a comparable level of verteporfin 48 h after a conventional dose (6 mg/m2 body surface area, BSA) infusion was calculated for a half-dose infusion (3 mg/m2 BSA). Results: At 24 and 48 h post-verteporfin infusion, the plasma concentration following the conventional dose was 1.28 × 10−4 µg/mL and 5.06 × 10−8 µg/mL, compared to 3.57 × 10−5 µg/mL and 7.54 × 10−9 µg/mL for the half-dose PDT, representing concentrations that were 3.6 times and 6.7 times higher, respectively. The estimated time required to attain the same level of verteporfin 48 h after a conventional dose was calculated as 42-h post-half-dose PDT. Conclusions: The results of this study indicate that precautionary measures should be taken to avoid sunlight following both half and conventional doses of PDT during the similar post-treatment periods of two days. Nevertheless, given the substantially higher plasma concentration levels associated with conventional-dose PDT compared with the half-dose, systemic safety should be carefully considered when administering conventional-dose PDT.
Habitat heterogeneity and taxonomic diversity of fish fauna in estuaries: a study from southern Sri Lanka
Authors: Bandara Kirivithanage Sandun Nalaka
Published: September 2024

A survey was conducted to identify fish fauna related to the dominant habitats, viz., (i) Honduwa Lake (stagnate water), (ii) estuarine area with mangroves, (iii) freshwater marshy area with floating aquatic vegetation, (iv) canals, and (v) river, in the Dedduwa estuary of southern Sri Lanka. Thirty-nine species of fish including two endemics (to the island) were identified, including members of major migratory families such as Anguillidae and Megalopidae. Based on the abundance of species, the Bray-Curtis similarity index indicated a clear separation of the canal and freshwater marsh, with other studied areas. Similarly, the taxonomic diversity of the canal and freshwater marsh was high, indicating high variation and diversity of the species and genera. Protection of mangroves and related habitats is important to maintain the stability and long-term existence of fish fauna in the estuary. Effective monitoring is proposed for detecting and eliminating illegal encroachments, mangrove clearance, and illegal fishing activities. Moreover, improving the knowledge and awareness among members of the local community, politicians, and environment officers about the importance of the region’s biodiversity implementing strong policies, and creating a strong responsible stakeholder bond are required to ensure the long-term sustainability of the estuary.
Assessing Risks of  Decarbonization Pathways in Indonesia
Authors: Halimatussadiah Alin , Afifi Fachry Abdul Razak , Lufti Roes Ebara Gikami , Pratama Andhika Putra , Wibowo Dandy Rizky
Published: September 2024

To limit global warming below the 1.5°C target, over 145 countries have established or are exploring a target of net-zero emissions by mid century. We assess the risk and feasibility of Indonesia in achieving its climate target. We undertook three kinds of analysis: (a) reviewed various climate targets from several climate-related documents; (b) analyzed the climate policy gaps; and (c) assessed the status of two mitigation actions in progress, namely, coal phase-out and forest fire mitigation. Our main conclusions are: (1) Indonesia has a wide range of climate targets, creating the risk of underachieving the most optimistic targets; (2) despite the progress in climate-related policies, Indonesia still lacks clear targets and a monitoring system to ensure the efficacy of the policies; and (3) the two case studies reveal that there are more obstacles than enablers, creating higher risks to achieve these two specific targets.
Random Discounted Expected Utility
Authors: Apesteguia Jose , Ballester Miguel A. , Gutiérrez-daza Ángelo
Published: September 2024

This paper introduces the random discounted expected utility (R-DEU) model, which we have developed as a means to deal with heterogeneous risk and time preferences. The R-DEU model provides an explicit linkage between preference and choice heterogeneity. We prove it has solid comparative statics, discuss its identification, and demonstrate its computational convenience. Finally, we use two distinct experimental datasets to illustrate the advantages of the R-DEU model over common alternatives for estimating heterogeneity in preferences across individuals.
Firm-to-Firm Relationships and the Pass-Through of Shocks: Theory and Evidence
Authors: Heise Sebastian
Published: September 2024

Economists have long suspected that firm-to-firm relationships might lower the responsiveness of prices to shocks due to the use of fixed-price contracts. Using transaction-level U.S. import data, I show that the pass-through of exchange rate shocks in fact rises as a relationship ages. Based on novel stylized facts about a relationship's life cycle, I develop a model of relationship dynamics in which a buyerseller pair accumulates relationship capital to lower production costs under limited commitment. The structurally estimated model generates countercyclical mark-ups and countercyclical pass-through of shocks through variation in the economy's rate of relationship creation, which falls in recessions.
Standard Errors for Two-Way Clustering with Serially Correlated Time Effects
Authors: Chiang Harold D. , Hansen Bruce E. , Sasaki Yuya
Published: September 2024

We propose improved standard errors and an asymptotic theory for two-way clustered panels. Our theory allow for arbitrary serial dependence in the common time effects, which is excluded by existing two-way methods. Our asymptotic distribution theory is the first which allows for this level of inter-dependence. Under weak conditions, we demonstrate that OLS is asymptotically normal, our proposed variance estimator is consistent, and t-ratios are asymptotically standard normal. The results extend to two-way fixed-effect models; we argue that two-way clustering is still necessary even if two-way fixed effects are included. Simulation and empirical illustration are provided.
Trust in Lending
Authors: Thakor Richard T. , Merton Robert C.
Published: September 2024

We develop a theory of trust in lending that distinguishes between reputation and trust. Banks emerge as more trusted lenders than non-banks. We show that trust severs the link between performance and the cost and availability of financing for lenders, but trust can be lost and is difficult to regain. Banks survive an erosion of trust better than non-banks. Banks' trust advantage arises from the lower cost of funding due to insured deposits and an endogenous belief revision channel that complements the effect of the funding cost advantage. The results have novel policy relevance for deposit insurance scope.
Teamwork in Contests
Authors: Lemus Jorge , Marshall Guillermo
Published: September 2024

We study self-organized teams in dynamic contests. Using data from Kaggle, we document that teams outperform solo players, but few players choose to form teams. Every new team alters the composition of players, discouraging less productive solo players to make submissions. We estimate the structural parameters of a dynamic contest model, including the team formation and submission costs. We find that team formation incentives diminish with the number of teams, as do the incentives to make submissions. We empirically evaluate the productivity-discouragement tradeoff caused by teamwork and discuss implications for contest design, including facilitating teamwork and hosting open competitions.
The U.S. Low-Wage Structure: A McWage Comparison
Authors: Ashenfelter Orley , Jurajda Štěpán
Published: September 2024

Thanks to standardized work protocol and technology of McDonald's restaurants, the hourly wage of McDonald's Basic Crew enables wage comparisons under near-identical skill inputs and hedonic job conditions. McWages capture labor costs in entry-level jobs, while the Big Macs (earned) Per Hour (BMPH) index measures corresponding purchasing power of wages. We document large and growing geographical wage differences in standardized jobs using data covering most U.S. counties during 2016-2023. Before the Covid-19 pandemic, there was no BMPH growth where minimum wages stayed constant, but the pandemic wage increase, which diminished the importance of minimum wages, was stronger in these areas.
Can a Conservation Workshop Improve Knowledge, Perception, and Behavior of Children Toward Felids in Mexico?
Authors: Zarco-González Martha M. , Castillo-Huitrón Nathalia M. , Monroy-Vilchis Octavio , Marchini Silvio , Valencia Mejía Diego
Published: September 2024

Analysis of people’s perceptions toward wildlife is fundamental in conservation planning. Also fundamental is dissemination of information about wildlife ecology. In Mexico, conservation of carnivores, who frequently come into conflict with human communities, is of utmost importance. We designed a workshop about the ecological aspects of pumas and jaguars; 232 children in elementary schools in rural, semiurban, and urban zones of Central Mexico participated. We analyzed the children’s knowledge of, perceptions of, and behavior in relation to pumas and jaguars before and after the workshop. We compared the three aspects by separating the data by grade and zone and found positive changes after the workshop. Knowledge was greater in the rural zone, but pro-conservation behavior was higher in the urban zone. Sixth-grade children displayed pro-conservation behavior and had more knowledge and more positive perceptions. We discuss the importance of involving children in conservation projects and disseminating information about large carnivores.
Taxonomy of Iranian Asaccus (Squamata: Phyllodactylidae) with description of a new species from southern Iran
Authors: NAZAROV ROMAN A. , NABIZADEH HOSSEIN , RAJABIZADEH MEHDI , MELNIKOV DANIEL A. , VOLKOVA VALENTINA R. , POYARKOV NIKOLAY A. , RASTEGAR-POUYANI ESKANDAR
Published: September 2024

We provide the first diversity assessment of Iranian species of the genus Asaccus based on COI DNA-barcoding. We analyzed 53 samples of Iranian Asaccus representing nine OTU corresponding to 10 currently recognzied nominal species, and evaluated both morphological and genetic data to support the recognition of a new species from Bandar-e Jask, Hormozgan Province, southern Iran—Asaccus authenticus sp. nov. The new species is characterized by medium body size (SVL max 55.5 mm), elongated limbs, and relatively small dorsal tubercles arranged in 12–14 regular rows. Morphologically Asaccus authenticus sp. nov. resembles both Arabian and Iranian representatives of the genus; phylogenetically it forms a highly divergent lineage with sister relationships to all other Iranian congeners. We applied the geometric morphometrics method to compare the position and shape of postmental plates for almost all members of Asaccus and evaluated the importance of this character in species diagnostics in this group. We also critically evaluate the recent phylogenetic data on Asaccus and discuss the most problematic questions on taxonomy of this genus. We also revalidate Asaccus ingae (Eiselt, 1973) as a full species; overall our work raises the total number of species of the genus Asaccus to 20.
New species of Carpophilus Stephens from Eastern Arunachal Pradesh, India (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae: Carpophilinae)
Authors: DASGUPTA JHIKMIK
Published: September 2024

Carpophilus (Ecnomorphus) dhritibanerjeeae Dasgupta sp. nov. is described from Eastern Arunachal Pradesh in Northeastern India. The species is compared with the related species and illustrated. A key to the species of Carpophilus from Northeast India is appended.
6. Sustainable Urban Conservation of Historical Cities
Authors: El Harrouni Khalid
Published: September 2024

Chapter Six sheds light on the densification of old neighbourhoods, which affects many historic cities in North Africa. Khalid El Harrouni describes and analyses the rehabilitation process of the old city of Fez, Morocco, including its main stages and components over the last thirty-five years. This case study reveals the constraints governing sustainable conservation as well as best practices and dynamic approaches to safeguarding the urban heritage of old neighbourhoods, like expansive stakeholder participation and social engagement in housing rehabilitation, particularly in the case of housing units at risk of collapse.
9. The Evaluation of Passive Cooling Strategies in the Persian Garden Pavilion as a Model of Sustainable Heritage
Authors: Fadaie Honey
Published: September 2024

In Chapter Nine, Honey Fadaie focuses on Persian gardens, assessing selected pavilions according to climatic objectives and design parameters. She reflects on the many varieties and forms of these structures, which are designed according to environmental specificities in different regions of Iran. The results of this analysis reveal various passive cooling strategies inextricably linked to the geometrical shape of the gardens which enable these extroverted residential buildings to maximally benefit from fresh air flow during the hot seasons in arid Iranian regions. These features distinguish Persian garden pavilions as a unique element of sustainable heritage based on endogenous construction systems conducive to interior comfort.
12. Old City Atmospheres in the Age of Globalisation
Authors: Oznobikhina Irina
Published: September 2024

Chapter Twelve, the final chapter of the book, offers theoretical insights into the atmospheres of historic cities, furnishing reflections on authenticity, sense of place and other concepts central to contemporary issues of urban heritage and conservation explored in the preceding chapters. Irina Oznobikhina elucidates the emotive aspect of dynamic urban landscapes, demonstrating that old city atmospheres are not limited to sacred architecture and monuments or their historical value but also encompass local identities and cultures on a deeper spatial and atmospheric level.
Partner Phubbing and Sleep Quality: Serial Mediation Models With Relationship Satisfaction and Perceived Stress
Authors: Dikdere Büşra , Türkarslan Kutlu Kağan
Published: September 2024

The increasing integration of technology into our lives has been affecting our daily routines and even our sleeps. Being a relatively new concept, phubbing refers to the act of overly engaging with one’s phone while dismissing those around in the social settings. In this context, partner phubbing involves individuals exhibiting this neglect in the presence of their romantic partners. Evidence suggests that higher partner phubbing may lead to lower relationship satisfaction and higher perceived stress. The aim of the present cross-sectional study was to examine whether relationship satisfaction and perceived stress mediate the relationship between partner phubbing and sleep quality. Four hundred twenty-three individuals (females = 78.5%, M age = 29.19, SD = 6.87) participated in the study and completed the measures of partner phubbing, relationship satisfaction, perceived stress, and sleep quality. The results of the serial mediation analyses showed that partner phubbing was not a direct predictor of sleep quality. However, the relationship between partner phubbing and sleep quality was mediated by the four indirect paths through relationship satisfaction ( β = 0.04, p < .05), perceived stress ( β = 0.09, p < .05), relationship satisfaction-perceived stress ( β = 0.02, p < .05), and perceived stress-relationship satisfaction ( β = 0.00, p < .05). The findings suggest that partner phubbing may diminish sleep quality by reducing relationship satisfaction and increasing perceived stress levels. Alternatively, perceived stress exacerbated by partner phubbing could reduce relationship satisfaction, which eventually worsens sleep quality. Digital detox programs, group interventions, emotion-focused couple interventions, and stress management training can help overcome the effects of partner phubbing on sleep quality.
Standardizing Excellence: Metric Assemblages in Mathematics Research in Chile
Authors: Valenzuela Fernando A. , Cortez Maria Isabel , Sáez Mariel , Vera-Gajardo Andrea
Published: September 2024

This study investigates the development, implementation, and establishment of evaluation metrics within the mathematics research community in Chile, a discipline where the use of bibliometric indicators for quality assessment has been highly controversial. Using a mixed-methods approach, the study conducted focus groups with mathematicians at different stages of their academic careers and analyzed the ANID Mathematics Studies Group's method for assessing researcher productivity. The findings reveal that the evaluation metrics in mathematics remain in a state of “magmatic flow,” fluid and solid, constantly changing yet stable enough to articulate multiple social worlds. The study highlights the challenges faced in three closely linked spheres: mathematical research, science and higher education governance, and organizational management. The functioning of this metrics assemblage as boundary infrastructure, which meets the information needs of diverse social worlds while maintaining the integrity of the interests involved, is a temporal achievement of situated practices that provide continuous adjustment and stabilization. The study suggests that academic metric assemblages are made unstable through practical politics involving controversies and qualitative deliberation. Concurrently, they achieve stability through translation and blackboxing practices.
Mental Health Issues and Psychosocial Contexts in CICL Children Versus Non-CICL Children: A Comparative Study
Authors: Fathima Hasanath K. P.  , Kannekanti Prasad , Munda Sanjay Kumar , Alagarsami A. R.
Published: September 2024

Background:

Children in conflict with law (CICL) is an emerging issue in the contemporary world. Children between the ages of 12 years and 18 years are the most productive age group, but some children may develop behaviors that are undesirable to society by violating laws. The mental health and associated psychosocial factors of such children are lacking in India. It is of utmost importance to understand the mental health aspects of CICL for their rehabilitation, reintegration, and a better society for tomorrow.

Aim:

This study aimed to compare the psychosocial factors such as psychological adjustment, level of substance abuse, aggression, sensation seeking, self-esteem, and perceived parenting style between CICL and non-CICL.

Methods:

After obtaining the Institute’s Ethics Committee approval (Letter No. IEC/CIP/2020-2021/1207, dated March 22, 2022), 70 CICL were selected from Ranchi district of Jharkhand. To compare, 55 non-CICL were selected with the same gender within the age range of 12–18 years, using a cross-sectional comparative survey research design. A semistructured interview schedule was used to assess the basic demographic and legal history of the children. The Strength and Difficulty Questionnaire, Adolescent Alcohol and Drug Involvement Scale, Buss and Perry Aggression Questionnaire, Arnett Inventory of Sensation Seeking, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, and Parental Style Index were used to compare the psychosocial factors between CICL and non-CICL.

Results:

The Pearson chi-square test indicated that CICL participants were significantly ( P = .001) more likely to be from urban areas, have a history of school dropout and truancy, and come from broken families compared with non-CICL participants. The Mann–Whitney U test & indicated significant differences between CICL and non-CICL in the years of education ( P = .001) for both children and their parents. The Mann–Whitney U test found that CICL participants showed significantly higher levels ( P = .001) in emotional problems, internalizing attributes, prosocial behavior, level of alcohol/drug involvement, self-esteem, and strictness compared with non-CICL.

Conclusion:

These findings have significant implications for the field of juvenile justice, highlighting the need for targeted interventions and support systems. Prevention, promotional mental health aspects, and comprehensive rehabilitation plans are crucial for the successful social integration of CICL.
An Observational Case-control Study for BDNF Val66Met Polymorphism and Serum BDNF in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)
Authors: Ramawat Raja Babu , Quraishi Rizwana , Deep Raman , Kumar Ram , Mishra Ashwani Kumar , Jain Raka
Published: September 2024

Background:

The brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has an important role in the growth of neurons and synaptic transmission. The BDNF gene Val66Met polymorphism (G/A) is associated with depression, but findings have not been consistently replicated. This study adopts a case-control design with an aim to investigate the association of Val66Met polymorphism and peripheral BDNF (serum) levels in patients of major depressive disorder (MDD) and healthy individuals (controls).

Materials and Method:

This study adopts an observational, case-control design with a total of 174 participants. Cases (n = 87) were currently depressed, having Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) MDD, without psychiatric comorbidity. Controls (n = 87) comprised healthy individuals with no family history of psychiatric illness. The cases were evaluated using the NIMH-Life Chart Method, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D), Clinically Useful Depression Outcome Scale (CUDOS), and Clinical Global Impression (CGI). TaqMan assay was used for genotyping, and serum BDNF was measured using Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

Results:

The case mean age was 35.32 ± 11.69 years (52% females) and comparable to controls. Allelic distribution was 33% (Met), and genotypic distribution was 17% (Met/Met), 32% (Val/Met), and 51% (Val/Val) for cases. The genotypic distribution did not differ across study groups. Serum BDNF was significantly lower in MDD cases as compared to controls ( p < .001). The serum BDNF levels were comparable across the genotypic groups among cases.

Conclusion:

The Val66Met polymorphism has not been associated with a risk for MDD and, interestingly, did not influence the BDNF levels (serum). Significantly low BDNF levels were found in MDD cases. The study findings show that factors other than Val66Met gene polymorphism have a role in modulating serum BDNF levels.
“That’s how the trust began”: Forming trusting friendships from adolescence to adulthood
Authors: Fikrlová Jana , Albrecht Andrea , Šerek Jan , Macek Petr
Published: September 2024

Adolescence represents a sensitive period for embarking on trust-based friendships, which lay the foundation for successful close relationships later in life. The recent trust sequence model assumes that the trust process is universal regardless of the developmental stage. However, how the trust process may vary has been under-researched, especially during the critical period of adolescence and in the context of friendships. Therefore, this study qualitatively explored how people experience the process of forming trust in friends from early adolescence to adulthood. We conducted eight focus groups ( N = 39 participants) with early (11-12 years), middle (14-15 years), and late (18-19 years) Czech adolescents and a comparative sample of adults. Data were analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis, employing an inductive, semantic, and experiential approach. We identified four overarching themes: (1) Experiential Trust Building, (2) Absence of Reasons to Not Trust, (3) Relying on Intuitive Connection, and (4) Trusting the Right/Wrong Person (the third and fourth themes being exclusive to adolescents). Participants thus described multiple variations of the trust process, with much of the variation residing in the perceived importance of diminishing the leap of faith, i.e., the risks and uncertainties inherent in trusting. Immediate affect and stronger moral essentialism were relevant to trust formation among adolescents but not adults. These findings provide unique insights into experiences with forming trusting friendships from early adolescence to adulthood and extend the trust sequence model. Further research should explore the trust process in low- and high trust societies.
Foundation models in robotics: Applications, challenges, and the future
Authors: Firoozi Roya , Tucker Johnathan , Tian Stephen , Majumdar Anirudha , Sun Jiankai , Liu Weiyu , Zhu Yuke , Song Shuran , Kapoor Ashish , Hausman Karol , Ichter Brian , Driess Danny , Wu Jiajun , Lu Cewu , Schwager Mac
Published: September 2024

We survey applications of pretrained foundation models in robotics. Traditional deep learning models in robotics are trained on small datasets tailored for specific tasks, which limits their adaptability across diverse applications. In contrast, foundation models pretrained on internet-scale data appear to have superior generalization capabilities, and in some instances display an emergent ability to find zero-shot solutions to problems that are not present in the training data. Foundation models may hold the potential to enhance various components of the robot autonomy stack, from perception to decision-making and control. For example, large language models can generate code or provide common sense reasoning, while vision-language models enable open-vocabulary visual recognition. However, significant open research challenges remain, particularly around the scarcity of robot-relevant training data, safety guarantees and uncertainty quantification, and real-time execution. In this survey, we study recent papers that have used or built foundation models to solve robotics problems. We explore how foundation models contribute to improving robot capabilities in the domains of perception, decision-making, and control. We discuss the challenges hindering the adoption of foundation models in robot autonomy and provide opportunities and potential pathways for future advancements. The GitHub project corresponding to this paper can be found here: https://github.com/robotics-survey/Awesome-Robotics-Foundation-Models .
Identification of fatty acid metabolism signature genes in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension using WGCNA and machine learning
Authors: Liu Xibang , Wu Dandan , Bao Chunmiao , Huang Zeen , Wang Weiwei , Sun Lili , Qiu Lin
Published: September 2024

Objective

To investigate the signature genes of fatty acid metabolism and their association with immune cells in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH).

Methods

Fatty acid metabolism-related genes were obtained from the GeneCards database. In this retrospective study, a PAH-related dataset was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database and analyzed to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and machine learning algorithms, including least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and random forest, were used to identify the signature genes. Diagnostic efficiency was assessed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and a nomogram. Immune cell infiltration was subsequently classified using CIBERSORT.

Results

In total, 817 DEGs were screened from the GSE33463 dataset. The data were clustered into six modules via WGCNA, and the MEdarkred module was significantly related to PAH. The LASSO and random forest algorithms identified five signature genes: ARV1, KCNJ2, PEX11B, PITPNC1, and SCO1. The areas under the ROC curves of these signature genes were 0.917, 0.934, 0.947, 0.963, and 0.940, respectively. CIBERSORT suggested these signature genes may participate in immune cell infiltration.

Conclusions

ARV1, KCNJ2, PEX11B, PITPNC1, and SCO1 show remarkable diagnostic performance in PAH and are involved in immune cell infiltration.
European Biometric Border System, Securitization and (Im)mobilities in West Africa
Authors: Iwuoha Victor Chidubem , Edgar Alistair D.
Published: September 2024

This article interrogates the European biometric ID system and securitisation measures in West African borders which have become detrimental to, first, African migrants and, second, both African and European security objectives. Using the Niger’s experience, we demonstrate how migrants’ identity problems as well as their atomisation and loosening of their social integration are directly linked to the criminalising and dehumanising border security practices they now face. This article reveals the multiple forms and effects of the unimpeded European biometric/digital control over African territorial borderlands and (im)mobilities. First is the subversion of African states’ administrative, decisional, sovereign and territorial prerogatives by way of enacting digital territorial borderscapes that enforce migrants’ identity de(re)construction. Second, the use of ‘biometric power’ to facilitate a specific modality of neoliberal biometric power relations which perpetuates global inequalities in biometric identification and (im)mobility governance. Lastly, migrants’ recourse to agentic mechanisms to contest the European biometric ID system, via discoveries and implantation of parallel border routes.
Awaab Ishak and the devaluation of migrant, working-class life
Authors: Kelbert Alexandra Wanjiku , Parhar Rupinder
Published: September 2024

On 21 December 2020, 2-year-old Awaab Ishak died at Royal Oldham Hospital. The inquest concluded that he had died from a severe respiratory condition caused by prolonged exposure to mould. Institutions which ultimately reacted to the case read this death as related to the impact of bad housing on health. The authors argue that Awaab’s death emerges through the mechanics of racialised neoliberal capitalism, and the devaluation of working-class life which is linked to the racialisation of the migrant as a ‘disposable subject’. For them, racialisation marks out working-class migrant communities to (in Ruth Wilson Gilmore’s words) ‘vulnerability to premature death’. Understanding the full context of this process is important in the building of movements against state-led austerity, racism, border violence and human disposability.
Changes in Probation Officer Procedural Justice and Self-Reported Recidivism
Authors: van Hall Matthias , Baker Thomas , Nieuwbeerta Paul , Dirkzwager Anja J. E.
Published: September 2024

An increasing number of studies has studied the role of procedural justice for reducing recidivism in the probation context. The objective of this study is to contribute to existing knowledge by examining (a) whether people on probation alter their perceptions of probation officer procedural justice over time and (b) the extent to which changes in procedural justice relate to recidivism. This study utilized longitudinal data from 326 adults who were released from Dutch (pre-trial) detention centers and who had contact with the Probation Service. Using the reliable change index, our findings showed that a majority of people on probation changed their procedural justice perceptions over time, which suggested that perceptions of fairness and respect are malleable. Unchanged perceptions of probation officer procedural justice were related to self-reported recidivism, while the likelihood of recidivism did not differ between respondents with decreased and increased perceptions.
Intrinsic Risk Factors for Noncontact Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury in Young Female Soccer Players: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Taketomi Shuji , Kawaguchi Kohei , Mizutani Yuri , Takei Seira , Yamagami Ryota , Kono Kenichi , Murakami Ryo , Arakawa Takahiro , Kage Tomofumi , Kobayashi Takashi , Furukawa Yuri , Arino Yusuke , Fujiwara Sayaka , Tanaka Sakae , Ogata Toru
Published: September 2024

Background:

Previous studies have attempted to determine prognostic factors for predicting the occurrence of noncontact anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries. However, studies on risk factors for noncontact ACL injuries in Asian female soccer players are limited.

Purpose:

To identify intrinsic risk factors for noncontact ACL injuries among young female Asian soccer players.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2.

Methods:

This study evaluated 145 female Japanese soccer players for potential risk factors for noncontact ACL injury during the preseason medical assessment. In total, 25 variables were examined—including anthropometric data, joint range of motion, muscle flexibility, muscle strength, and balance measurements. Participants were monitored throughout a single season for noncontact ACL injuries diagnosed by physicians.

Results:

Noncontact ACL injuries occurred in 13 knees of 13 players (9%). Lower hamstring-to-quadriceps ratio (0.44 ± 0.07 vs 0.50 ± 0.10; P = .04), greater knee extension muscle strength (3.2 ± 0.5 vs 2.7 ± 0.5 N·m/kg; P < .01), and longer playing experience (10.8 ± 3 vs 8.1 ± 4.2 years; P = .02) were significantly associated with new-onset noncontact ACL injuries in young female soccer players. No statistically significant between-group differences were found for any other variables.

Conclusion:

New-onset noncontact ACL injury in young female soccer players was significantly associated with lower hamstring-to-quadriceps ratio, greater knee extension muscle strength, and longer soccer experience. These findings will help develop strategies for preventing noncontact ACL injuries among female soccer players.
Violent Victimization in Emerging Adulthood and Its Longitudinal Impacts on Well-Being: A Study of Ever-Homeless Persons
Authors: Biro Szilvia D. , Turanovic Jillian J.
Published: September 2024

Persons who have experienced homelessness have higher lifetime risks of violent victimization relative to the general population. However, the long-term impacts of violent victimization on various facets of well-being are poorly understood among ever-homeless persons, particularly when violence is experienced in early adulthood. Here, using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, we focus on a subsample of emerging adults who reported ever suffering homelessness ( N = 481). Drawing primarily from Waves III and IV of the data, a series of regression models are specified to determine whether violent victimization in emerging adulthood is related to a range of negative outcomes later in life among ever-homeless persons (economic hardship, binge drinking, drug use, depression, offending, and victimization). Results indicate that victimization in emerging adulthood increases the risks for subsequent victimization for ever-homeless persons, but that it has no robust associations with any other outcomes examined. We explain these findings through processes of disadvantage saturation, in which the consequences of victimization may be more subdued among individuals who experience an array of hardships and disadvantages in their lives. The implications of these findings for policy are future research are discussed, and we emphasize the need for a context-contingent approach to the study of victimization and its life course consequences.