bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Reinvent Survey on Machine Learning Attacks
Authors: Patil Chetan , Zuber
Published: December 2023

The increasing prevalence of machine learning technology highlights the urgent need to delve into its insinuations for safety and confidentiality. While inquiry on the safety aspects of mechanism knowledge has garnered considerable attention, privacy considerations have often taken a backseat, although recent years have seen a significant upswing in privacy-focused research. In an effort to contribute to this growing field, we conducted an analysis encompassing more than 40 articles addressing privacy threats in the context of mechanism knowledge, published ended the historical seven centuries. We have contributed to this research by creating a thorough threat architecture and an assault taxonomy. These tools help in categorizing various attacks based on the assets they target and the knowledge adversaries possess. We also conducted an in-depth exploration of the different privacy threats posed by machine learning, shedding light on their mechanisms and implications. Furthermore, our research includes a preliminary investigation into the underlying reasons for privacy breaches in machine learning systems. This aspect delves into the root causes of privacy leaks, shedding light on the factors that make such incidents more likely to occur. In addition to identifying privacy threats and their causes, we have compiled a summary of the most commonly proposed defense mechanisms against these threats. These defences can serve as a resource for organizations and researchers seeking to bolster the privacy of their machine learning systems. Lastly, we recognize that the field of machine learning privacy still faces unanswered questions and developing difficulties. As such, we encourage further research and exploration of potential future areas of interest. By addressing these unresolved issues and embracing emerging technologies and methodologies, we can better safeguard the privacy of individuals in an increasingly data-driven and machine learning-driven world.
Eco-Revolution: Exploration on Advancing Remanufacturing for a Greener Future
Authors: Yadav Rajat , Ingole Sunil , Verma Rajesh Prasad , Khan Irfan , Ramana Devi K. Venkata , Revathi V. , Abbas Hussein Abdullah
Published: December 2023

Given the increasing magnitude of environmental concerns, it has become crucial to prioritise the transition towards a sustainable and environmentally conscious future. Remanufacturing is a vital strategy in the forefront of the ecological revolution, as it possesses the ability to significantly mitigate waste, preserve resources, and diminish the carbon footprint associated with contemporary enterprises. This abstract examines the concept of remanufacturing as a potential driver for a more environmentally sustainable future. It highlights the innovative progress, economic advantages, and environmental benefits that can be achieved through its extensive implementation. Remanufacturing represents a significant shift in manufacturing practises, going beyond traditional recycling efforts. Remanufacturing is a process that involves the restoration and refurbishment of previously used products to their original specifications, so effectively prolonging the lifespan of consumer goods, machinery, and electronics. This practise has the dual purpose of limiting the disposal of significant quantities of trash and diminishing the need for new, untapped resources, thereby alleviating concerns related to resource depletion and environmental deterioration. In addition to its economic benefits, remanufacturing plays a significant role in mitigating greenhouse gas emissions. The energy consumption associated with the process of remanufacturing is frequently significantly lower compared to the energy requirements for manufacturing wholly new things. This leads to a significant decrease in carbon emissions, which is a crucial measure in addressing the issue of climate change.
Eco-Conscious Creation: Navigating the Nexus of Sustainability and Production Design
Authors: Singh Pradeep Kumar , Chirade Sagar , Taluja Resham , Yadav Dinesh Kumar , Srikanth A. , Manjunatha  , Karim Manal Morad
Published: December 2023

In a period characterised by an increasing recognition of environmental concerns and the pressing requirement for sustainable methodologies, the convergence of sustainability and production design has emerged as a pivotal area of focus. The paper addresses the intricate interplay between creative production methods and the pressing need to reduce their environmental impact. This study explores the complex problems and potential benefits associated with integrating artistic innovation and ecological responsibility, drawing on multiple disciplines. This study critically examines the underlying concepts that underpin sustainable design across several industries, including fashion, architecture, cinema, and product manufacturing. It places particular emphasis on the influence of these principles on both the creative process and the final outcomes of these industries. This abstract examines the significant significance of ecoconscious production design in the reduction of waste, conservation of resources, and mitigation of environmental damage. By utilising real-world case studies and examining new trends, this research underscores the possibility of fostering collaboration among artists, designers, engineers, and sustainability specialists. This collaboration aims to develop environmentally sustainable, visually appealing, and socially responsible works. This research provide a complete understanding of the obstacles and potential associated with eco-conscious creation, with the goal of empowering creators, enterprises, and policymakers in the domain of sustainability and production design. By efficiently managing the navigation of this intersection, we may establish the conditions necessary for a more peaceful coexistence between human creativity and the natural environment, so guaranteeing a more promising and sustainable future for all stakeholders involved.
Smart Resource Management: An Innovative Way of Balancing Materials, Energy, and Waste for a Green Future
Authors: Sagar K.S.R. , Awasthi Ankita , Dwivedi Shashi Prakash , Shrivastava Monika , Pahwa Shilpa , Swathi B. , Hlail Saif Hameed
Published: December 2023

In an era defined by environmental consciousness and resource scarcity, the concept of smart resource management has emerged as a linchpin in achieving a sustainable and green future. This abstract explores the multifaceted landscape of resource utilization, energy management, and waste minimization, collectively shaping our journey toward a more ecologically responsible world. The manuscript delves into the critical dimensions of this paradigm shift, examining innovative practices and technologies across diverse sectors. From precision agriculture optimizing crop yields with minimal environmental impact to the integration of renewable energy sources reshaping our energy landscape, the narrative unfolds . This highlights the profound impact of circular economy principles, which prioritize resource conservation and recycling. These principles, coupled with resource-sharing platforms, redefine how we perceive and utilize materials, fostering economic growth while reducing waste. Amidst these transformative tasks, challenges and barriers to implementation come to light. The abstract acknowledges these obstacles and explores emerging technologies and trends that promise to surmount them. Ultimately, the abstract underscores the imperative of smart resource management in the pursuit of a green future. It encapsulates the essence of a global movement where sustainability, economic prosperity, and environmental stewardship converge, offering hope and inspiration for generations to come.
A Bibliometric Investigation of Ecocide Research: Tracing Trends and Shaping the Future
Authors: Chandel Ajay , Bhanot Neeraj , Verma Rajesh
Published: December 2023

Nearly every single day, research reports testify new evidences of substantial environmental degradation occurring around the world, impacting the lives of millions of people. As a notion, this environmental degradation that pertains to both naturally existing mechanisms of environmental or ecosystem degradation and ecological destruction due to anthropogenic activities is commonly referred to as Ecocide. While there is a significant body of research on ecocide, there appears to be a noticeable absence of bibliometric analyses dedicated to comprehensively studying and exploring this field. While the majority of literature in the area of environmental degradation revolves around the detrimental impacts of ecocide, there is a dearth of studies exploring the past, present and future of extant literature using bibliometric analysis. This research adopts bibliometric methodology to glean significant insights into the progress made in this field, delving into research articles published from 1990 to 2022. The paper aims to classify the available literature on Ecocide based on bibliometric criteria, including publication year, geographical region, authorship, affiliated institution, and source. Also, a bibliometric analysis of keyword co-occurrence to understand the mainstream themes underpinning the Ecocide literature was performed. The paper also reviews the legal frameworks and comes up with future areas of research in the domain of ecocide. This work can help find commonalities and connections in the published works. With this knowledge, researchers might build stronger partnerships and reach a larger audience with their advances. This research can fill up the gaps in the extant literature and provide new directions for research and policymaking.
Parametric Appraisal of Electrochemical Machining of AISI 4140 Chromoly steel using Hybrid Taguchi - WASPAS - Sunflower optimization algorithm
Authors: Barua Abhishek , Mishra Monalin , Das Tejaswini , Kumari Kanchan , Pradhan Swastik , Priyadarshini Manisha , Saha Sumit
Published: December 2023

Electrochemical machining (ECM) is a significant technique for getting rid of metal that employs anodic dissolution to get complex contours and deep, precise holes, mostly in the components used in automotive or aerospace sectors. To achieve such high surface characteristics, the selection of factors is important. This work deals with the ECM of AISI 4140 Chromoly steel to investigate the surface roughness and material removal rate (MRR) on the machined specimen using a copper tool electrode. Factors like voltage, signal, and feed rate were optimized by hybrid optimization techniques. To acquire optimal factor configurations, the Taguchi-based WASPAS approach was utilised, accompanied by the Sunflower optimisation methodology. ANOVA was then used to determine the component that was the most impactful factor. A confirmation test is used to signify the outcomes of electrochemical machining. It was revealed that feed rate was among the most significantly relevant factors in affecting surface roughness and MRR. Also, all the optimization approaches provided similar predictions and agreed with the results fetched by the previous research.
Hybrid Approaches for Stocks Prediction and Recommendation System
Authors: Sharma Vikram , Rakhra Manik , Mathur Gauri
Published: December 2023

Hybrid approaches to stock prediction and recommendation are a critical area of research for individual investors and financial institutions. Traditional methods have limitations, leading to the emergence of hybrid models. This paper reviews current research on hybrid models, including GAN-based, LSTM-based, and neural network-based models, Soft Computing based, GRU based models to provide optimal results, for stock recommendation techniques include sentiment analysis, which uses natural language processing to analyze news articles and social media posts, and network analysis, which examines the relationships between stocks to identify stocks likely to move together. It also discusses evaluation metrics used to assess the performance of these models and then it provides the generalize pipelines that can be kept in mind while researching and developing a recommender engine, it also shows the future direction in order to build the hybrid recommenders as well as predictors, making it a valuable contribution to the stock prediction and recommendation field.
CERN: Europe’s voyage to the infinitely small
Authors: Bassler Ursula
Published: December 2023

Over the nearly 70 years of its existence as an intergovernmental scientific organisation, CERN has become a landmark of scientific research in particle physics. In a changing geopolitical and societal context, CERN is shaping its future program where large research infrastructures are the necessary cornerstones to continue to investigate the infinitesimally small.
A Model of Venous Return While Utilizing Vacuum Assist During Cardiopulmonary Bypass
Authors: Brown Scott M. , Fennigkoh Larry , Gerrits Ron , Hietpas Matt , Tritt Charles
Published: December 2023

In order for vacuum-assisted venous return (VAVR) to be used safely and efficiently during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), a full understanding of venous return is necessary. The focus of this work was to use the concepts of energy conservation and viscous energy dissipation in the development of a theoretical model of venous return utilizing vacuum assist. The effectiveness and accuracy of this model has been verified through in vitro laboratory investigations and statistical analysis. Although VAVR can provide higher flows through smaller venous cannula, vacuum assist may lead to increased levels of wall shear stress as shown in this work. The clinical implications of VAVR have yet to be investigated, but may lead to an exacerbation of the detrimental effects of CPB during cardiac surgery.
Model predictive path following control of underwater vehicle based on RBF neural network
Authors: GUO Linyu , GAO Jian , JIAO Huifeng , SONG Yunxuan , CHEN Yimin , PAN Guang
Published: December 2023

A model prediction controller (MPC) based on radial basis function (RBF) neural network is designed to counter the model uncertainty and multiple constraints of the autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV). On this basis of path following control with MPC, the RBF neural network is trained online with real-time measurement data to compensate for the AUV's model uncertainty, thus suppressing the interference of model uncertainty on the MPC and reducing its overshoot and tracking error. Simulation results show that the path following algorithm based on RBF-MPC has better transient and steady-state performance compared with the classical MPC algorithm.
Research on integrated aircraft-engine control method of hypersonic vehicle based on dynamic inversion control
Authors: YAN Binbin , LIN Zehuai , LIU Shuangxi , YAN Jie
Published: December 2023

In order to reduce the influence of the coupling characteristics between the aircraft and engine of hypersonic vehicle, an integrated aircraft-engine control method of hypersonic vehicle is studied in this paper. Firstly, the control-oriented aircraft-engine integrated mathematical model of the hypersonic vehicle is established. Then, by using the nonlinear dynamic inversion (NDI) and the incremental nonlinear dynamic inversion (INDI), the outer loop control algorithm with slow attitude change and the inner loop control algorithm with fast angular rate change are respectively designed. Moreover, based on the online ontology model including aircraft-engine coupling characteristics of the hypersonic vehicle, the coupling control scheme of flight posture and engine of the hypersonic vehicle is designed in the form of control linkage. Finally, the reference model, error control, online estimation and other modules are introduced into the NDI controller to ensure the flight quality and robustness requirements of the hypersonic vehicle. The simulation results show that the aircraft-engine coupling control scheme based on the NDI achieves the expected control performance.
A wall-modelled large eddy simulation approach based on large scale parallel computing for post stall flow over an iced airfoil
Authors: LI Li , WU Junsheng , LIANG Yihua , TIAN Zengdong
Published: December 2023

Safety evaluation for ice accretion is one of the most important jobs for the airworthiness certification of commercial aircraft. Ice accretion would induce strong performance degradation of lifting surfaces by modifying the geometry of the leading edge and the state of boundary layers, and inducing premature flow separation. In this paper, a wall-modelled large eddy simulation (WMLES) approach combined with high performance computing is presented and evaluated for numerical simulation of post stall flow at Mach number 0.12 and Reynolds number 3.5 million over an iced airfoil with angle of attack 6 degrees for business jet, which is known as the GL305/944 airfoil with horn ice. Both RANS and an improved DDES (IDDES) based on SST model are also completed to validate the results. The results are compared with the experimental data in details that includes total forces, velocity profile, averaged velocity field, RMS of pulsating velocity, et al. It is concluded that the WMLES approach presented here can greatly improve the numerical accuracy for post stall flow with large separation; Basically, WMLES can relatively accurately predict the total forces, the pressure rooftop length and the pressure recovery, and the shear layer instability induced by the horn ice.The relative error of lift coefficient for WMLES is only 0.47%, which is far less than RANS with -26.7%.
Influences of coupling magnetic field of 2 cm electron cyclotron resonance ion thruster on plume neutralization
Authors: LEI Yiming , YANG Juan , GENG Hai , WU Xianming , MOU Hao , FU Yuliang
Published: December 2023

An electron cyclotron resonance ion thruster (ECRIT) has advantages of long service life and simple structure. The external coupling magnetic field of the ECRIT is one of factors that influences the plume neutralization process and coupling voltage of the neutralizer. The coupling magnetic field varies with the installation direction of the ion source and neutralizer as well as the direction of the internal magnetic pole. Calculating the distribution law of the coupling magnetic field and experimentally studying the influence of the coupling magnetic field on plume neutralization are very important. This paper focuses on two power rates and two flow rates of the ion source and conducts experiments on neutralization within the acceleration voltage range of 350 to 1 450 V to study the influence of changes in the direction and position of the ion source and the influence of the neutralizer′s magnetic pole on the ion beam extraction and maximum coupling voltage. The results indicate that the ion beam extraction is not influenced by the direction of the magnetic pole and the installation direction of the ion source and neutralizer. When the ion source is installed relatively perpendicular to the neutralizer, its coupling voltage is reduced. At the same time, changing the direction of the magnetic pole of the neutralizer into the opposite of the direction of the magnetic pole of the ion source also reduces the coupling voltage of the neutralizer. When the ion source is installed perpendicular to the magnetic pole of the neutralizer in the opposite direction, the coupling voltage is the lowest.
Thermo-electro-elastic coupled modeling and simulation of functionally graded piezoelectric structures
Authors: WANG Xiong , CHEN Qian , HUANG Zhongtong , XUE Ting , ZHANG Shunqi
Published: December 2023

Compared with the composite materials, the functionally graded materials can not only provide better specific stiffness but also reduce the risk of layered damage. Therefore, the graded distribution forms have become the development trend of advanced structures. An efficient finite element (FE) modeling method and numerical simulation of plate and shell with nonlinear temperature gradient coupling are developed based on the FOSD hypothesis for thermo-electro-elastic coupled functionally graded piezoelectric material (FGPM) integrated with smart structures in this paper. The constitutive model for thermo-electro-elastic coupled FGPM is derived. Assuming that the temperature gradient distribution changes secondarily through the thickness, two nonlinear physical models for temperature change are constructed. Based on the FOSD hypothesis, the multi-field coupled FE equation of plate and shell is derived. The accuracy of the present FE model is verified by the commercial calculation structures. The parametric simulation of FGPM shells is carried out based on the FE model.
Analysis of time series importance measure of high-end equipment cellular manufacturing system
Authors: LI Haibao , ZHANG Shuai , ZHAO Jiangbin
Published: December 2023

Aiming at the problem to difficultly identify the weak links of the cellular manufacturing system, a method for analyzing the importance measure based on the time series is proposed. The method extends the traditional importance measure calculation method at a specific time to the equipment importance measure in a specific time period, and the time series relationship among the equipment reliability, manufacturing cell reliability and system reliability is mined. It uses the slope of linear fitting to evaluate the importance measure of the equipment, and improves the identification ability of key equipment in the manufacturing process of the cellular manufacturing system. Through the sensitivity analysis of equipment degradation parameters, the change rule of the equipment importance measure when the equipment degradation parameters change is summarized, and the effectiveness of the time series importance measure in the identification of the key equipment and key manufacturing cells is verified.
Lubrication analysis of low-speed and heavy-load journal bearing in wind turbine gearbox under different operating conditions
Authors: ZHAO Shuaike , SU Hua
Published: December 2023

Aiming at the working conditions of frequent starting, low speed and heavy load, and yaw tilting of radial sliding bearings in wind turbine gearboxes, a numerical analysis model of the lubrication performance coupled with instantaneous starting and operating conditions of radial sliding bearings was established based on the average Reynolds equation, and the start-up phase was analyzed. The motion trajectory of the shaft diameter and the axis center was used to obtain the change state of the bearing film thickness from the start-up to the stable stage; the influences of the comprehensive surface roughness, the journal inclination angle, and the journal rotation speed on the lubrication performance of the bearing during the whole stage of start-up and stable operation were studied respectively. The results show that the eccentricity has a maximum value in the starting stage, and the risk of film rupture caused by rough contact is the greatest. With the increase of the comprehensive surface roughness, the bearing capacity and friction coefficient both increase, and the maximum bearing capacity and friction coefficient in the starting stage are higher than those in the stable stage, which increase by about 13.62% and 131.58% respectively. With the increase of the inclination angle of the shaft diameter, the bearing capacity and friction coefficient both increase, and the maximum load capacity and friction coefficient in the starting stage are about 30% and 116% higher than those in the stable stage on average. With the increase of the speed, the bearing capacity of the bearing increases and the friction coefficient decreases, which is beneficial to improve the bearing performance. The calculation results provide an important basis for evaluating the wear risk of sliding bearings under frequent starting conditions, and provide a reference for the structural design and selection of sliding bearings, operating temperature, oil film pressure, etc.
Privatverordnungen von Benzodiazepinen und Z-Substanzen in Ost- und
Westdeutschland – eine Sekundärdatenanalyse
Authors: Grimmsmann Thomas , Himmel Wolfgang
Published: December 2023

Hintergrund und Ziel Benzodiazepine und Z-Substanzen werden in erheblichem
Umfang auf Privatrezept auch für gesetzlich Krankenversicherte
verordnet, mit ehemals großen Unterschieden zwischen Ost- und
Westdeutschland. Ziel der vorliegenden Studie ist es zu untersuchen, ob diese
Unterschiede auch heute noch bestehen.

Methode Die Sekundärdatenanalyse nutzte anonymisierte
Verordnungsdaten von niedergelassenen Hausärzten, Neurologen und
Psychiatern. Eingeschlossen wurden gesetzlich Krankenversicherte mit mindestens
einer Verordnung eines Benzodiazepins oder einer Z-Substanz zwischen 2014 und
2020. Unterschiede zwischen Ost- und Westdeutschland im Anteil der
Privatverordnungen waren zentrales Outcome. In multiplen Regressionsanalysen
wurde geprüft, ob die Faktoren Region (Ost- vs. Westdeutschland) und
Facharztgruppe (Hausärzte vs. Neurologen/Psychiatern)
statistisch signifikante Prädiktoren für den Anteil an
Privatverordnungen sind – unter Berücksichtigung der Alters- und
Geschlechtszusammensetzung der Patienten einer Praxis.

Ergebnisse Aus 867 Praxen wurden 2.200.446 Verordnungen von Z-Substanzen,
Benzodiazepin-Anxiolytika und Benzodiazepin-Hypnotika/Sedativa
ausgewertet. Über 38% dieser Verordnungen wurden in Form von
Privatrezepten ausgestellt; in Ostdeutschland lag der Anteil bei 53,6%,
in Westdeutschland bei 34,8%. Für Z-Substanzen war der Anteil an
Privatverordnungen besonders hoch (70,7% in Ost- und 43,0% in
Westdeutschland). Hausärzte griffen weit häufiger als Neurologen
und Psychiater zu Privatverordnungen. Der Anteil von Privatverordnungen stieg im
Untersuchungszeitraum an, vergleichsweise stark in den westlichen
Bundesländern (von 33% auf 39%), geringfügig in
den östlichen Bundesländern (von 53% auf 54%).
Im multivariaten Modell waren die Region (Ost/West) und die
Facharztgruppe ähnlich starke Prädiktoren für das
Ausmaß an Privatverordnungen, besonders bei Z-Substanzen.

Schlussfolgerung Entgegen einer allgemeinen Angleichung von
Lebenserwartung, Morbiditätsrisiken und Gesundheitsverhalten in Ost- und
Westdeutschland gibt es, trotz Annäherung, weiterhin einen deutlichen
Unterschied zwischen beiden Regionen im Anteil an Privatverordnungen bei
Benzodiazepinen, speziell bei Z-Substanzen. Die Arztgruppen, die
maßgeblich diese Substanzen verordnen, nämlich Neurologen und
Psychiater auf der einen, Hausärzte auf der anderen Seite unterscheiden
sich ebenfalls erheblich in der Quote ihrer Privatrezepte für diese
Substanzen.
Schmerzforschung – Was gibt es Neues? Der 4. Pain in Animal
Workshop 2023
Authors: Timmann Doris
Published: December 2023

Wir waren zu Besuch in Washington DC beim 4. Pain in Animal Workshop (PAW) 2023.
Er findet alle zwei Jahre in Zusammenarbeit mit den National Institute of Health
(NIH) statt. Die Idee dieses Workshops ist es, wichtige Akteure
zusammenzubringen, um Schmerzen bei Tieren und Menschen besser zu verstehen.
Neben der Sorge um das Wohlergehen von Tieren und Menschen, besteht das Ziel
unter anderem darin, neue und wirksame Analgetika zu entwickeln, die
Alternativen zu Opioiden bieten könnten.
Winterzeit=Lesezeit
Authors: Timmann Doris , Zohmann Andreas
Published: December 2023

Liebe Leserinnen und Leser,

der Dezember lädt ein, innezuhalten und das Jahr Revue passieren zu lassen.
In dieser Zeit der Reflexion und des Neubeginns möchten wir Ihnen eine
Ausgabe der Hands on präsentieren, die Sie vielleicht dazu anregt,
den kommenden Monat auch bewusst zum Lesen und für Ihre Fortbildung zu
nutzen.
Hüftgelenksdysplasie bei der Katze – Eine
häufig übersehene Erkrankung
Authors: Krainer Dorothee
Published: December 2023

Die Hüftgelenksdysplasie kommt bei Katzen relativ häufig vor,
wird aber nur selten erkannt. Um die Therapie optimal danach ausrichten zu
können, lohnt es sich Behandlungsverläufe zu hinterfragen und
genauer hinzusehen. Welche Prädispositionen und welche klinischen
Symptome es gibt, wie hoch die Prävalenz dieser Erkrankung ist und
welche diagnostischen und therapeutischen Möglichkeiten zur
Verfügung stehen, erfahren Sie im vorliegenden Beitrag.
Palliativmedizinische Aspekte der Pneumo-Onkologie
Authors: Heigener David , Delis Sandra
Published: December 2023

Die Palliativmedizin ist integraler Bestandteil der Therapie des fortgeschrittenen und metastasierten Lungenkarzinoms. Die strukturierte palliativmedizinische Begleitung der Patienten ab Diagnosestellung führt zu einer deutlich verbesserten Lebensqualität und eventuell sogar zu einer Verlängerung der Überlebenszeit. Neben der Symptomkontrolle sollte auch die Krankheitsperspektive regelmäßig neu evaluiert und mit dem Patienten und seinen Zugehörigen offen kommuniziert werden.
Not-for-profit or for-profit? Research on the high-quality development path of private universities in China based on system dynamics
Authors: Duan Shufen , Yang Hongjuan , Ning Fan
Published: December 2023

Private universities play an important role in many countries worldwide. Approximately one-third of university students worldwide are enrolled in private universities. In countries with a large proportion of private universities, the quality of private universities determines the quality of higher education in the country as a whole. In some developed countries, the quality is high; however, in most developing countries, the quality of private universities is significantly lower than that of public universities. In many countries, private universities are managed in either a “not-for-profit” or a “for-profit” manner. The management type of private universities that best supports high-quality development has become an important issue in the field of higher education in many developing countries, but there are only a few related quantitative studies. Taking one private university in China as an example, this study aims to reveal the path that best supports high-quality development for a private university regarding the choice between the not-for-profit and for-profit orientations. Based on a literature review, a system dynamics model of development for private universities is developed, and the case data are simulated and analyzed based on the model. It is concluded that the rapid development path with a not-for-profit orientation, which enjoys government financial allocation, is more conducive to the high-quality development of private universities. Finally, the study proposes the strategies of encouraging private universities to choose the not-for-profit orientation, increasing government investment in not-for-profit private universities, and strengthening the financial supervision of not-for-profit private universities to promote their high-quality development.
Wind turbine dynamic shading: The effects on combined solar and wind farms
Authors: Dekker Nico J. , Slooff Lenneke H. , Jansen Mark J. , de Graaff Gertjan , Hovius Jaco , Jonkman Rudi , Zuurbier Jesper , Pronk Jan
Published: December 2023

The Dutch climate agreement anticipates the large-scale implementation of solar and wind energy systems on land and water. Combining solar and wind farms has the benefit of multiple surface area use, and it also has the advantage of energy generation from both solar and wind energy systems, which is rather complementary in time; thus, a better balance can be found between electricity generation and demand and the load on the electricity grid. In combined solar and wind farms (CSWFs), the turbines will cast shadows on the solar panels. This concerns the static shadow from the construction tower of the turbine as well as the dynamic shadow caused by the rotating blades. This paper reports on the results of millisecond data monitoring of the PV farm of a CSWF in the Netherlands on land. Static and dynamic shadow effects are discussed, as well as their dependency on farm design. It is observed that the dynamic shade of the wind turbine blade causes serious disturbances of the DC inputs of the inverter, resulting in deviation of the maximum power point tracking monitored. The shadow of the wind turbine results in a total energy loss of about 6% for the given period, park configuration, PV modules, inverter type, and setting.
Local similarity and global variability characterize the semantic space of human languages
Authors: Lewis Molly , Cahill Aoife , Madnani Nitin , Evans James
Published: December 2023

How does meaning vary across the world’s languages? Scholars recognize the existence of substantial variability within specific domains, ranging from nature and color to kinship. The emergence of large language models enables a systems-level approach that directly characterizes this variability through comparison of word organization across semantic domains. Here, we show that meanings across languages manifest lower variability within semantic domains and greater variability between them, using models trained on both 1) large corpora of native language text comprising Wikipedia articles in 35 languages and also 2) Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL) essays written by 38,500 speakers from the same native languages, which cluster into semantic domains. Concrete meanings vary less across languages than abstract meanings, but all vary with geographical, environmental, and cultural distance. By simultaneously examining local similarity and global difference, we harmonize these findings and provide a description of general principles that govern variability in semantic space across languages. In this way, the structure of a speaker’s semantic space influences the comparisons cognitively salient to them, as shaped by their native language, and suggests that even successful bilingual communicators likely think with “semantic accents” driven by associations from their native language while writing English. These findings have dramatic implications for language education, cross-cultural communication, and literal translations, which are impossible not because the objects of reference are uncertain, but because associations, metaphors, and narratives interlink meanings in different, predictable ways from one language to another.
Envisioning the future: optically transparent metasurface-based solar thermophotovoltaic with high conversion efficiency
Authors: Shafique Amina , Naveed Muhammad Ashar , Aldaghri Osamah , Cabrera Humberto , Ibnaouf Khalid H , Madkhali Nawal , Mehmood Muhammad Qasim
Published: December 2023

Transparent solar thermo-photovoltaic (TPV) technology combines visible transparency and solar energy conversion. They are developed for their potential applications in buildings and vehicles windows, where conventional opaque solar cells may not be feasible. TPV’s offer a promising solution to harness solar energy without compromising aesthetics or functionality of transparent surfaces. Broadband absorption at UV and IR frequencies and simultaneous transmission at visible frequencies can be achieved by fabricating metamaterials that employ semi-conducting oxides. In this study, an optically transparent metasurface (OTM) based STPV composed of indium tin oxide (ITO) is introduced as the transparent metal and ZnS as a substrate layer. Our design offers a cost-effective and scalable solution for large-scale fabrication. The designed OTM structure exhibits exceptional absorption capabilities, achieving an absorption rate of up to 99% in the UV region. Additionally, it achieves over 90% absorptivity in the far infrared range and maintains a high average transmittance at visible frequencies. Furthermore, the absorption remains consistently high, exceeding 90%, even when the incident angle is less than 70° for both TE and TM polarization waves. This innovative design holds promise for various applications requiring high-performance transparent metasurface absorbers/emitters. The proposed transparent metasurface based STPV holds great potential for efficient utilization in combined solar/thermal conversion systems.
Enhancement of electron energies in the laser wakefield acceleration using a density up-ramp capillary gas-cell
Authors: Nam Inhyuk , Kim Minseok , Cho Myung Hoon , Jang Dogeun , Hur MinSup , Suk Hyyong
Published: December 2023

In the laser wakefield acceleration (LWFA), the dephasing problem is a serious energy-limiting factor, which is caused by the velocity difference between the accelerated electrons and the laser wake wave. To overcome the dephasing problem, we developed a special capillary gas-cell with a density up-ramp along the laser propagation direction and used it for electron acceleration experiments. Our experiments, which were performed with a peak laser power of 15 TW at GIST, show that the electron beam energy was enhanced to 260 MeV compared with 98 MeV from a flat density profile, which is more than two fold by the density up-ramp due to the increase of the dephasing length in the density up-ramp. This is the first experimental demonstration for electron energy enhancement using the density up-ramp in a capillary gas-cell. Two-dimensional particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations were also performed to confirm the effect of the density up-ramp, which shows a good agreement with the experimental results. Compared with a gas jet, the capillary gas-cell can provide a more stable and longer plasma so that the density up-ramp method in the capillary gas-cell may produce high quality electron beams of energy up to GeV range.
Observability of parameter space for charged Higgs boson in its bosonic decays in two Higgs doublet model Type-1
Authors: Ahmed Ijaz , Ahmad Waqas , Amjad M. S. , Muhammad Jamil
Published: December 2023

This study explores the possibility of discovering

through its bosonic decays, i.e.,

(where ϕ = h or A), within the Type-I two Higgs doublet model (2HDM). The main objective is to demonstrate the available parameter space after applying recent experimental and theoretical exclusion limits. We suggest that

= 150 GeV is the most probable mass for the

decay channel in

collisions at

= 8, 13, and 14 TeV. We also report on the application of a modern machine learning approach to a multivariate technique for heavy charged Higgs production in association with a single top quark through weak interaction to demonstrate its observability in comparison with the most relevant Standard Model backgrounds using the neural networks of boosted decision Tree (BDT), likelihood (LH), and multilayer perceptron (MLP).
Assessment of Deterioration Risk of the Wooden Columns of Historical Buildings in Southern China Based on HAM Transfer Model
Authors: Li Z C , Xie H R , Kong Z Y , Yuan Q L , Zhang R H , Hokoi S , Li Y H
Published: December 2023

Chinese historical buildings are mainly made of wood structure system, however, as an organic material, wood is prone to decay under the fluctuation of hygrothermal environment. This study aims to assess the risk of decay of two types of wooden columns (exposed column under eaves and semi-exposed column embedded in walls) and further propose reasonable protection measures for Nanjing area where with a hot and humid summer and cold winter and with a high groundwater level. A two-dimensional heat and moisture (HAM) transfer model is established to simulate the fluctuations of temperature and moisture content at the bottom of columns in a historical Chinese building. Then, the risk of decay of columns was evaluated. The results show that because the stone column base isolates the groundwater and the amount of air condensation is limited, the risk of decay at the bottom of the exposed column under the eaves is lower than the semi-exposed column embedded in wall which is more prone to be affected by the high level of groundwater.
Energy use patterns and renovations of Swedish second homes
Authors: Mjörnell K , Johansson D , Femenias P , Eriksson P , Donarelli A , Johansson T
Published: December 2023

During and post pandemic more people spent time in their second homes, which is expected to have led to higher energy use for heating. The knowledge of energy performance, heating systems, energy renovation and use patterns of second homes is still poor. The aim of the research is therefore to compile available information from building registers but also to empirically investigate user patterns, heating source and the renovation and energy efficiency measures carried out in second homes. A first step is to synthesize existing knowledge and develop a method for a broad mapping in a next step. The methods used are analysing statistics from national building registers and collecting information from owners/users through a pre-survey that is developed and tested. In this paper statistics on Swedish second homes and results from a pre-survey responded by 92 second homes owners/users are reported. From statistics, the energy performance and the main heating source for second homes with an EPC are identified. Despite the limited sample, the results from the pre-survey give an indication of user patterns, energy renovation measures carried out, and also whether the owners care about cultural values. Based on the experience from the pre-survey, a national survey has been initiated in Sweden.
Evaluation of cleaning products on the viability of mould growth on facades and decks
Authors: Johansson P , Sellén M , Bok G , Sparr M
Published: December 2023

Microfungi, algae and cyanobacteria may cause discolouration when growing on facades and deckings. When the extent of growth is such that it is no longer aesthetically acceptable, cleaning is often performed to make the façade or deck as similar to the original as possible. Different cleaning methods may have different effects. Choosing a cleaning method is difficult because one does not always know which works best for the current conditions. Also, the best cleaning method probably cannot remove all the growth. In this study, the effect of 15 different cleaning chemical products on the viability of mould growth on painted facade boards and impregnated wood deck boards was studied in the laboratory. Results showed varying results; the best products killed or removed almost all growth, while the worst had the same effect as clean water. The results can not be used to predict the efficiency of the different products on discolouration authentic facades or wooden decks over time. It will be investigated in other studies of the same project as this study belongs.
Climate data for moisture simulations: producing a Danish moisture reference year and comparison with previously used reference year locations
Authors: Jensen Nickolaj Feldt , Hansen Tessa Kvist , Svane Anne Marie , Morelli Martin , Waagepetersen Rasmus
Published: December 2023

Buildings comprise of complex systems, and various materials in combination. Different materials have different expected service life, and degradation processes start as soon as a building is put into operation. Degradation processes are often accelerated with the presence of moisture. To build robust and moisture safe buildings, hygrothermal simulations are used to predict hygrothermal conditions in constructions, and especially areas of risk. Simulations are useful tools for prediction of moisture accumulation, and results can further help predict the risk of moisture damage, i.e., frost damage or mould growth. The external climate can therefore have a significant impact on the service life of constructions. Due to the lack of a sufficient Danish climate reference year, including precipitation, hygrothermal simulations of Danish constructions are currently performed with either Danish climate data without precipitation (primarily for energy and indoor climate conditions), or with climate data from closest locations in either Sweden or Germany which include rain. Therefore, a complete Danish reference year, including precipitation, will inevitably enhance the value of hygrothermal simulations of buildings in Denmark. This paper presents the method used to develop full climate datasets based on Danish conditions, including precipitation. To integrate the climate datasets in the hygrothermal simulation programs, the climate datasets contain the following parameters: temperature, relative humidity, wind direction and speed, solar radiation, rain, as well as estimations for cloud cover and longwave radiation based on the other climate parameters. The climate datasets generated and presented in this paper, represent a Typical Meteorological Year (TMY), without extreme events, generated according to EN ISO 15927-4:2006. The climate datasets are based on Danish climate data from the period 2001-2019, provided by the Danish Meteorological Institute, DMI. By prioritizing climate parameters, and through statistical analysis, representative 1-year reference climate datasets were generated based on Danish climate conditions. The climate parameters of the 1-year reference climate datasets are compared with the traditionally used Swedish and German datasets, and a Danish Design Reference Year (DRY) from 1995.
Moisture localisation in unsaturated materials using nuclear magnetic resonance experiments, X-ray computed tomography and pore network modeling
Authors: Deckers Daan , Janssen Hans
Published: December 2023

Due to the detrimental effects of moisture in the built environment, there is continuous interest in non-destructive experimental techniques that localize and/or quantify moisture in materials. To this aim, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments, X-ray computed tomography (XCT) and pore network modelling (PNM) are heavily researched. Since these techniques are all based on different physical principles and assumptions, comparing their results is not only necessary, but can provide valuable insights as well. Since most research, centered around these three approaches, solely focuses on water-saturated materials, in this study, these approaches are used to determine the size distributions of the water islands in unsaturated materials. By comparing the results of all three methods, it can be concluded that NMR mainly focuses on the biggest water islands/columns (i.e. large pore corners and filled pores) while the other techniques are capable of representing all water islands. PNM and XCT imaging provide similar results with the exception that PNM slightly overestimates both size as well as quantity of the water islands trapped in pore corners. Nevertheless, due to PNM being by far the fastest approach, it remains a valuable first estimation of the distribution of moisture in unsaturated materials.
Hygrothermal Modelling of one-dimensional Wall Assemblies: inter-model Validation between WUFI and DELPHIN
Authors: Dang Xinyuan , Janssen Hans , Roels Staf
Published: December 2023

Various Heat-Air-and-Moisture models may give divergent results for the same case, due to differences in assumptions, simplifications, or approximations. Inter-model comparisons have been used as ‘peer review’, but common limitations and/or mistakes may remain concealed. Recent validation efforts, confronting simulations with measured datasets, use limited materials, configurations, and boundary conditions. A thorough and stepwise assessment is still lacking. In this study, dedicated hygrothermal experiments on four wall assemblies (comprising calcium silicate board, mineral wool, wood fiber board and vapor barrier in different configurations) are conducted in a hot box-cold box at KU Leuven, Belgium as a benchmark. Temperatures, relative humidity, heat fluxes and moisture mass are monitored while the thermal and hygric properties of the materials from the same batch are measured. One dimensional simulations in WUFI and DELPHIN are employed to reproduce the experiments in three stages: (1) “similar” materials (with the closest properties) from respective databases provide realistic trends but also significant deviations; (2) “same” materials (attained by mathematical translation) give better agreement but uncertainties in material properties and simplifications still have great influence; (3) monitored datasets are employed to compare with simulated results using measured material properties, based on which a collaborative inter-model blind-box validation has been initiated.