bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HUBUNGAN PENGETAHUAN, SIKAP DAN PERILAKU IBU BALITA TERHADAP STUNTING DI KECAMATAN KUTA BARO
Authors: Maulina Rizka Utari , Marfari Cut Ana , Elmiyati Elmiyati
Published: August 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan antara pengetahuan (X1), sikap (X2) dan perilaku ibu balita (X3) terhadap stunting (Y). Metode yang digunakan adalah kuantitatif. sampel dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 91 orang Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan angket. Sedangkan teknik analisis data menggunakan rumus regresi linier sederhana. Dari hasil pengolahan data diperoleh nilai r untuk X1 adalah 0,063. Nilai tersebut menunjukkan hubungan yang sangat rendah terhadap Y. Nilai r untuk X2 adalah 0,118. Nilai tersebut menunjukkan hubungan yang sangat rendah terhadap Y. Nilai r untuk X3 adalah 0,295. Nilai tersebut menunjukkan hubungan yang rendah terhadap Y. Dari hasil pembuktian hipotesis diperoleh nilai thitung untuk X1 adalah 7,872, X2 adalah 3,575 dan X3 adalah 2,136 dengan nilai ttabel adalah 1,662 nilai tersebut lebih kecil dari thitung dengan demikian terdapat hubungan yang positif dan signifikan antara pengetahuan, sikap dan perilaku terhadap stunting. Secara simultan diperoleh nilai r adalah 0,309 nilai ini menunjukkan hubungan yang rendah antara X1, X2 dan X3 terhadap Y. Kesimpulannya bahwa terdapat hubungan yang positif dan signifikan antara pengetahuan ibu balita (X1), sikap Ibu balita (X2) dan perilaku ibu balita (X3) terhadap stunting (Y) di di wilayah kerja puskesmas Kuta Baro Aceh Besar.
PRIMIGRAVIDA ATERM DENGAN SUPERIMPOSED PREEKLAMPSIA DAN SLEBELUM INPARTU JANIN TUNGGAL HIDUP PRESENTASI KEPALA
Authors: Shariff Fonda Octarianingsih , Zulaeni Ahmad Fikri , Puspitasari Frida , Akbar AR Ilham , Djunishap Asmia , Hasanah Uswatul
Published: August 2021

Sistemik Lupus Eritematosus (SLE) adalah penyakit multi sistem yang disebabkan oleh kerusakan jaringan sebagai akibat dari terbentuknya antibodi dan komplemen dari reaksi imun kompleks. Rancangan/desain penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah survei kasus kontrol (Case Control). Wanita umur 26 tahun dirawat di bangsal obstetri dengan diagnosa G1P0A0 hamil aterm dengan superimposed preeklamsia dan SLE belum inpartu janin tunggal hidup dengan presentasi kepala datang dari IGD RS Pertamina Bintang Amin. Pasien memiliki penyakit sekarang hipertensi tidak terkontrol dan SLE sejak september 2019 namun tidak memiliki riwayat penyakit dalam keluarga.pasien rutin meminum obat metilprednisolon 8mg dan amlodipine 10mg jika dirasa sudah merasakan pusing saja. Pada pemeriksaan tanda-tanda vital didapatkan tekanan darah 150/100mmHg serta status generalis terdapat edema pada kedua tungkai bawah. Pemeriksaan obstetri, fundus setinggi 3 jari dibawah procesusxipoideus dengan kontraksi uterus baik dan DJJ 135x/ menit. Pada pemeriksaan USG didapatkan janin tunggal hidup dengan usia kehamilan 38 minggu, air ketuban cukup, jenis kelamin laki-laki, plasenta di fundus, Hasil pemeriksaan laboratorium menunjukan proteinuria 100 (++). Pasien didiagnosis dengan G1P0A0 hamil aterm dengan superimposed preeklamsia dan SLE belum inpartu janin tunggal hidup dengan presentasi kepala. Penatalaksanaan Pada pemeriksaan USG didapatkan janin tunggal hidup dengan usia kehamilan 38 minggu, air ketuban cukup, jenis kelamin laki-laki, plasenta di fundus, Hasil pemeriksaan laboratorium menunjukan proteinuria 100 (++). Penatalaksanaan pada pasien ini dilakukan tindakan operasi sectio caesarea dengan segera dan pemberian terapi konservatif IVFD RL 20 tpm, MgSO4 40% (loading dose diberikan 4 gram IV selama 15 menit, maintenance dose drip 6 gram dalam RL selama 6 jam), Nifedipin 3x10 mg, Inj. MgSo4 20% 10cc IV. Setelah itu pasien dirawat selama tiga hari Observasi TTV, GCS, Skala nyeri, Kontraksi uterus , perdarahan, menilai TFU diberikan terapi IVFD RL +1 amp Oxytocin + tramadol 1amp XX gtt, Pronalges 2x1 supp, Nifedipine 2x10 mg tab , Obimin 2x1 tab, Cefadroxil 2x1 tab, Lactafit 2x1 dan diperbolehkan pulang setelah kondisi membaik dan mendapat edukasi.
PENGARUH LABA-ICS (LABACS) TERHADAP FORCED EXPIRATORY VOLUME IN 1 SECOND (FEV1) PASIEN ASMA DI KABUPATEN PRINGSEWU PROVINSI LAMPUNG
Authors: Anggraeni Cindi , Soemarwoto Retno Ariza , Rusmini Hetti , Aditya Aditya
Published: August 2021

Penilaian asma dapat dilakukan secara objektif dengan pengukuran fungsi paru menggunakan spirometri berupa penilaian Forced Expiratory Volume (FEV1). Ada sekitar 23.061.681 penggunaan resep LABA-ICS (LABACs) yang dikeluarkan untuk 805.860 orang dari tahun 2000 hingga 2016. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh LABA-ICS (LABACs) sebagai terapi pengontrol pada pasien asma di Kabupaten Pringsewu Provinsi Lampung periode Juli 2017 - Juli 2020. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian jenis analitik yang menggunakan data sekunder berupa rekam medik pasien. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan November tahun 2020 dan Sampelnya adalah pasien asma di Klinik Harum Melati dan Rumah Sakit Umum (RSU) Wisma Rini sebanyak 523 data pasien asma dan yang memenuhi kriteria yang telah ditentukan sebanyak 118 responden dengan teknik pengambilan sampel purposive sampling. Hasil uji statistik menunjukkan terdapat perubahan nilai FEV1 yang tidak signifikan dengan Budesonide-Formoterol (p = 0,92), Beclometasone-Formoterol (p = 0,19), dan Fluticasone-Salmeterol (p = 0,88). Terjadi perubahan rerata nilai FEV1 sebelum diberikan Budesonide-Formoterol, Beclomethasone-Formoterol dan Fluticasone-Salmeterol dari 66,87, 70,36 dan 69,56 menjadi 70,19, 75,76 dan 69,31. Pada penelitian ini, meskipun tidak ada perubahan signifikan antara FEV1 sebelum dan sesudah pemberian terapi, tetapi ada perubahan nilai rata-rata sebelum dan sesudah pemberian terapi.Penilaian asma dapat dilakukan secara objektif dengan pengukuran fungsi paru menggunakan spirometri berupa penilaian Forced Expiratory Volume (FEV1). Ada sekitar 23.061.681 penggunaan resep LABA-ICS (LABACs) yang dikeluarkan untuk 805.860 orang dari tahun 2000 hingga 2016. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh LABA-ICS (LABACs) sebagai terapi pengontrol pada pasien asma di Kabupaten Pringsewu Provinsi Lampung periode Juli 2017 - Juli 2020. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian jenis analitik yang menggunakan data sekunder berupa rekam medik pasien. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan November tahun 2020 dan Sampelnya adalah pasien asma di Klinik Harum Melati dan Rumah Sakit Umum (RSU) Wisma Rini sebanyak 523 data pasien asma dan yang memenuhi kriteria yang telah ditentukan sebanyak 118 responden dengan teknik pengambilan sampel purposive sampling. Hasil uji statistik menunjukkan terdapat perubahan nilai FEV1 yang tidak signifikan dengan Budesonide-Formoterol (p = 0,92), Beclometasone-Formoterol (p = 0,19), dan Fluticasone-Salmeterol (p = 0,88). Terjadi perubahan rerata nilai FEV1 sebelum diberikan Budesonide-Formoterol, Beclomethasone-Formoterol dan Fluticasone-Salmeterol dari 66,87, 70,36 dan 69,56 menjadi 70,19, 75,76 dan 69,31. Pada penelitian ini, meskipun tidak ada perubahan signifikan antara FEV1 sebelum dan sesudah pemberian terapi, tetapi ada perubahan nilai rata-rata sebelum dan sesudah pemberian terapi.
HUBUNGAN DUKUNGAN SUAMI DENGAN KECEMASAN IBU HAMIL MENJELANG PERSALINAN PADA MASA PANDEMI COVID-19
Authors: Dwiwanto Tresya Pratiwi , Putri Asri Mutiara , Sudiadnyani Ni Putu
Published: August 2021

Pada masa pandemi Covid-19 saat ini, kecemasan pada ibu hamil cenderung mengalami peningkatan.Salah satu faktor yang dapat mengurangi tingkat kecemasan ibu hamil adalah dukungan suami.Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui hubungan dukungan suami dengan tingkat kecemasan ibu hamil menjelang persalinan di era pandemi Covid-19.Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah Survey Analitik dengan menggunakan desain Cross Sectional. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah 59 ibu hamil menjelang persalinan yang memeriksakan kehamilannya ke posyandu di Kecamatan Rajadesa, Ciamis. ALat ukur yang digunakan adalah Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS) dan skala dukungan suami.Data dianalisis menggunakan uji korelasi Pearson Product Moment.Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan adanya hubungan negatif yang signifikan antara dukungan suami dengan tingkat kecemasan ibu hamil menjelang persalinan.Penelitian selanjutnya dapat memperluas sampel penelitian pada responden dari berbagai daerah di Indonesia sehingga diperoleh gambaran lebih menyeluruh tentang kecemasan pada ibu hamil di era pandemic Covid-19.
PERBEDAAN JUMLAH LEUKOSIT PADA PASIEN GAGAL GINJAL KRONIK YANG RUTIN DAN TIDAK RUTIN MENJALANI HEMODIALISA DI RUMAH SAKIT PERTAMINA BINTANG AMIN BANDAR LAMPUNG
Authors: Triswanti Nia , Triwahyuni Tusy , Zulfian Zulfian , Ningsih Arsy Sulisvia
Published: August 2021

Penyakit gagal ginjal kronik merupakan masalah kesehatan di Indonesia dengan prevalensi sebesar 0,39% pada tahun 2018. Penyakit gagal ginjal kronik membutuhkan terapi hemodialisa sebagai pengganti fungsi ginjal secara fisiologis, terapi ini dilakukan 2-3 kali dalam seminggu dengan kurun waktu kurang lebih 4-5 jam dari terapi hemodialisa yang dilakukan keadaan ini dapat berpengaruh terhadap jumlah leukosit pada tubuh. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan jumlah leukosit pada pasien gagal ginjal kronik yang rutin dan tidak rutin menjalani hemodialisa. Jenis penelitian ini menggunakan analitik observasional dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Sampel penelitian adalah pasien gagal ginjal kronik di Rumah Sakit Pertamina Bintang Amin Bandar Lampung yang berjumlah 71 orang. Alat pengumpulan data yang digunakan pada penelitian ini berupa rekam medik. Berdasarkan dari hasil penelitian didapatkan rata-rata jumlah leukosit pada pasien rutin menjalani hemodialisa sebesar 6.295 /µl. Hasil rata-rata jumlah leukosit pada pasien yang tidak rutin menjalani hemodialisa sebesar 7.142 /µ. Hasil uji Mann Whitney menunjukan bahwa tidak ada perbedaan jumlah leukosit pada pasien yang rutin dan tidak rutin menjalani hemodialisa dengan nilai p=0,193 (p>0,005). Tidak ada perbedaan jumlah leukosit pada pasien gagal ginjal kronik yang rutin dan tidak rutin menjalani hemodialisa. Peneliti selanjutnya diharapkan memperhatikan pengelolaan variabel-variabel yang mempengaruhi hasil penelitian seperti lamanya proses hemodialisa.
Право власності на гроші
Authors: ІСАЄВ АРСЕН
Published: August 2021

Статтю присвячено дослідженню окремих питань щодо права власності на гроші. Грошово-вартісний характер майнових відносин і відносин власності зокрема опосередковує актуальність питання про право власності на гроші. Проте тісний зв’язок Цих феноменів не свідчить про відсутність наукової дискусії з приводу їх співвідношення.
Метою статті є з’ясування місця грошей у системі об’єктів права власності, визначення особливостей здійснення та захисту права власності на гроші. Поставлену мету може бути досягнуто за допомогою дослідження положень чинного законодавства, що визначає правовий режим грошей як об’єктів цивільних прав, а також окремих положень Цивільного кодексу України, що присвячені регулюванню відносин власності.
Основні результати дослідження обумовлені розкриттям економіко-правової природи грошей, особливостями, що відображаються у специфіці набуття, припинення, здійснення та захисту права власності на гроші.
Під час дослідження зроблено такі висновки. Під грошима потрібно розуміти майнове благо, яке виконує економічні функції (міри вартості; засобу обігу; засобу платежу; засобу накопичення; світових грошей) та за якими законом визнано статус законного платіжного засобу. Гроші є самостійним майновим благом у системі об’єктів цивільних прав, яке у конкретному правовідношенні об’єктивується в одній із трьох форм (готівкові гроші у формі банкнот і монет; безготівкові гроші у формі записів на рахунках у банках або інших фінансових установах; електронні гроші у формі записів на електронному пристрої). Готівкові гроші (банкноти і монети) визнаються речами, безготівкові та електронні гроші – майновими правами особливого роду, що не входять до множинності речових або зобов’язальних прав – права на платіжну силу. Зміст права на платіжну силу становлять правомочності збереження платіжної сили та користування платіжною силою. Незважаючи на те, що право власності є речовим правом, вимоги обороту та прийоми юридичної фікції дають змогу говорити про право власності на гроші незалежно від форми їхньої фіксації. Звертають на себе увагу значні обмеження, що стосуються речово-правових засобів захисту права власності на гроші.
The Study of The Architectural Characteristics of ‘Umah of The Sakai Tribe in Sumatra
Authors: Khamdevi Muhammar
Published: August 2021

The Sakai Tribe or Oghang Daghek (Orang Darat) live simply and depend on nature in the forest and on the banks of rivers. This tribe is one of the tribes in the Central Sumatra region that has ties to the Minangkabau Tribe. The traditional house itself is very simple, which has the characteristics of an early vernacular house in Sumatra. However, a clear and scientific study of the architectural characteristics of this house is still incomplete. What are the characteristics of the Sakai Tribe House? This research was conducted using a qualitative method approach to analyze the object of the case directly in the field descriptively. The purpose of this study is to find the characteristics of this tribal traditional house. This research resulted in the architectural characteristics of the Sakai Tribe.
Immuno-alignment Effect due to Mass DIV Immunization in Rapidly Evolving Viral Environments
Authors: Dolgikh Serge
Published: August 2021

Direct to immune systems vaccines (DIV, such as mRNA) offered hope and promise in prevention of a number of conditions, including infectious viral disease. A strong advantage of this method is the ability to influence immune response reliably and predictably in the general population. While the promise and advantages of the approach are undeniable, we argue that in the plane of mass immunization of general population, it needs to be applied with caution specifically, with consideration of possible longer-term effects to prevent and avoid unintended consequences. One such possibility that is considered in this work is the effect of alignment or polarization of population immunity that can cause under certain conditions, as a side effect, accelerated production of resistant strains.
Autophagy-Related Genes and Long Noncoding RNAs Signatures as Predictive Biomarkers for Osteosarcoma Survival
Authors: Zhang Jian , Ding Rui , Wu Tianlong , Jia Jingyu , Cheng Xigao
Published: August 2021

Osteosarcoma is a common malignant tumor that seriously threatens the lives of teenagers and children. Autophagy is an intracellular metabolic process mediated by autophagy-related genes (ARGs), which is known to be associated with the progression and drug resistance of osteosarcoma. In this study, RNA sequence data from TARGET and genotype-tissue expression (GTEx) databases were analyzed. A six autophagy-related long noncoding RNAs (ARLs) signature that accurately predicted the clinical outcomes of osteosarcoma patients was identified, and the relations between immune response and the ARLs prognostic signature were examined. In addition, we obtained 30 ARGs differentially expressed among osteosarcoma tissue and healthy tissue, and performed functional enrichment analysis on them. To screen for prognostic-related ARGs, univariate and LASSO Cox regression analyses were successively applied. Then, multivariate regression analysis was used to complete construction of the prognostic signature of ARGs. Based on the risk coefficient, we calculated the risk score and grouped the patients. Survival analysis showed that high-risk patients evolve with poor prognosis. And we verified the prognosis model in the GSE21257 cohort. Finally, verification was conducted by qRT-PCR and western blot to measure the expression of genes. The results show that autophagy-related marker models may provide a new therapeutic and diagnostic target for osteosarcoma.
Integrative Epigenome Map of the Normal Human Prostate Provides Insights Into Prostate Cancer Predisposition
Authors: Wang Tao , Song Juan , Qu Min , Gao Xu , Zhang Wenhui , Wang Ziwei , Zhao Lin , Wang Yan , Li Bing , Li Jing , Yang Jinjian
Published: August 2021

Cells of all tissues in the human body share almost the exact same DNA sequence, but the epigenomic landscape can be drastically distinct. To improve our understanding of the epigenetic abnormalities in prostate-related diseases, it is important to use the epigenome of normal prostate as a reference. Although previous efforts have provided critical insights into the genetic and transcriptomic features of the normal prostate, a comprehensive epigenome map has been lacking. To address this need, we conducted a Roadmap Epigenomics legacy project integrating six histone marks (H3K4me1, H3K4me3, H3K9me3, H3K36me3, H3K27me3, and H3K27ac) with complete DNA methylome, transcriptome, and chromatin accessibility data to produce a comprehensive epigenome map of normal prostate tissue. Our epigenome map is composed of 18 chromatin states each with unique signatures of DNA methylation, chromatin accessibility, and gene expression. This map provides a high-resolution comprehensive annotation of regulatory regions of the prostate, including 105,593 enhancer and 70,481 promoter elements, which account for 5.3% of the genome. By comparing with other epigenomes, we identified 7,580 prostate-specific active enhancers associated with prostate development. Epigenomic annotation of GWAS SNPs associated with prostate cancers revealed that two out of nine SNPs within prostate enhancer regions destroyed putative androgen receptor (AR) binding motif. A notable SNP rs17694493, might decouple AR’s repressive effect on CDKN2B-AS1 and cell cycle regulation, thereby playing a causal role in predisposing cancer risk. The comprehensive epigenome map of the prostate is valuable for investigating prostate-related diseases.
Fluid Jet Stimulation of Auditory Hair Bundles Reveal Spatial Non-uniformities and Two Viscoelastic-Like Mechanisms
Authors: Peng Anthony W. , Scharr Alexandra L. , Caprara Giusy A. , Nettles Dailey , Steele Charles R. , Ricci Anthony J.
Published: August 2021

Hair cell mechanosensitivity resides in the sensory hair bundle, an apical protrusion of actin-filled stereocilia arranged in a staircase pattern. Hair bundle deflection activates mechano-electric transduction (MET) ion channels located near the tops of the shorter rows of stereocilia. The elicited macroscopic current is shaped by the hair bundle motion so that the mode of stimulation greatly influences the cell’s output. We present data quantifying the displacement of the whole outer hair cell bundle using high-speed imaging when stimulated with a fluid jet. We find a spatially non-uniform stimulation that results in splaying, where the hair bundle expands apart. Based on modeling, the splaying is predominantly due to fluid dynamics with a small contribution from hair bundle architecture. Additionally, in response to stimulation, the hair bundle exhibited a rapid motion followed by a slower motion in the same direction (creep) that is described by a double exponential process. The creep is consistent with originating from a linear passive system that can be modeled using two viscoelastic processes. These viscoelastic mechanisms are integral to describing the mechanics of the mammalian hair bundle.
Prevalence of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in the Middle East and North Africa, 2000–2019: A Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis, and Meta-Regression
Authors: Al-Rifai Rami H. , Abdo Noor Motea , Paulo Marília Silva , Saha Sumanta , Ahmed Luai A.
Published: August 2021

Women in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region are burdened with several risk factors related to gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) including overweight and high parity. We systematically reviewed the literature and quantified the weighted prevalence of GDM in MENA at the regional, subregional, and national levels. Studies published from 2000 to 2019 reporting the prevalence of GDM in the MENA region were retrieved and were assessed for their eligibility. Overall and subgroup pooled prevalence of GDM was quantified by random-effects meta-analysis. Sources of heterogeneity were investigated by meta-regression. The risk of bias (RoB) was assessed by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute’s tool. One hundred and two research articles with 279,202 tested pregnant women for GDM from 16 MENA countries were included. Most of the research reports sourced from Iran (36.3%) and Saudi Arabia (21.6%), with an overall low RoB. In the 16 countries, the pooled prevalence of GDM was 13.0% (95% confidence interval [CI], 11.5–14.6%, I2, 99.3%). Nationally, GDM was highest in Qatar (20.7%, 95% CI, 15.2–26.7% I2, 99.0%), whereas subregionally, GDM was highest in Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries (14.7%, 95% CI, 13.0–16.5%, I2, 99.0%). The prevalence of GDM was high in pregnant women aged ≥30 years (21.9%, 95% CI, 18.5–25.5%, I2, 97.1%), in their third trimester (20.0%, 95% CI, 13.1–27.9%, I2, 98.8%), and who were obese (17.2%, 95% CI, 12.8–22.0%, I2, 93.8%). The prevalence of GDM was 10.6% (95% CI, 8.1–13.4%, I2, 98.9%) in studies conducted before 2009, whereas it was 14.0% (95% CI, 12.1–16.0%, I2, 99.3%) in studies conducted in or after 2010. Pregnant women in the MENA region are burdened with a substantial prevalence of GDM, particularly in GCC and North African countries. Findings have implications for maternal health in the MENA region and call for advocacy to unify GDM diagnostic criteria.

Systematic Review Registration

PROSPERO CRD42018100629
Estimating Fishing Effort and Spatio-Temporal Distribution of Longline Vessels in the Indian Ocean
Authors: Utama Febrianto W. , Hoenner Xavier , Hardesty Britta Denise , Peel David , Ford Jessica H. , Adams Vanessa , Wilcox Chris
Published: August 2021

Protein from fish is essential for feeding the world’s population and is increasingly recognized as critical for food security. To ensure that fisheries resources can be sustainably maintained, fisheries management must be appropriately implemented. When logbook and landing records data are not complete or are incorrect, it is challenging to have an accurate understanding of catch volume. Focusing on Indonesian longline vessels operating in the Indian Ocean from 2012–2019 (n = 1124 vessels), our aims were to (1) assess compliance through identification of landing sites and potentially illicit behavior inferred by interruptions in VMS transmission, and (2) understand how the fishery operates along with quantifying the spatio-temporal distribution of fishing intensity by applying a Hidden Markov Model, which automatically classified each VMS position as fishing, steaming and anchoring. We found vessel compliance gaps in 90% of vessels in the dataset. Compliance was questionable due both to the widespread occurrence of long intermissions in relaying VMS positions (mean = 17.8 h, n = 973 vessels) and the use of unauthorized landing sites. We also observed substantial changes in fishing effort locations among years. The introduction of regulatory measures during the study period banning transshipment and foreign vessels may be responsible for the spatial shift in fishing activity we observed, from encompassing nearly the whole Indian Ocean to more recent intense efforts off western Sumatra and northern Australia.
Evolution of the Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) Therapy System Technology for Drug-Resistant Epilepsy
Authors: Afra Pegah , Adamolekun Bola , Aydemir Seyhmus , Watson Glenn David Robert
Published: August 2021

The vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) Therapy® System is the first FDA-approved medical device therapy for the treatment of drug-resistant epilepsy. Over the past two decades, the technology has evolved through multiple iterations resulting in software-related updates and implantable lead and generator hardware improvements. Healthcare providers today commonly encounter a range of single- and dual-pin generators (models 100, 101, 102, 102R, 103, 104, 105, 106, 1000) and related programming systems (models 250, 3000), all of which have their own subtle, but practical differences. It can therefore be a daunting task to go through the manuals of these implant models for comparison, some of which are not readily available. In this review, we highlight the technological evolution of the VNS Therapy System with respect to device approval milestones and provide a comparison of conventional open-loop vs. the latest closed-loop generator models. Battery longevity projections and an in-depth examination of stimulation mode interactions are also presented to further differentiate amongst generator models.
The Dynamics of Lamin a During the Cell Cycle
Authors: Vivante Anat , Shoval Irit , Garini Yuval
Published: August 2021

Lamin proteins play an essential role in maintaining the nuclear organization and integrity; and lamin A, in particular, plays a major role in the whole volume of the nuclear interior. Although the nucleus is highly organized, it is rather dynamic, it affects crucial nuclear processes and its organization must change as cells progress through the cell cycle. Although many aspects of these changes are already known, the role of lamin A during nuclear assembly and disassembly as well as its underlying mechanisms remains controversial. Here we used live cells imaging and Continuous Photobleaching (CP) method to shed light on the dynamics and mechanisms of lamin A during the cell cycle, combined with imaging flow cytometry measurements, which provides the high-throughput capabilities of flow cytometry with single-cell imaging. As a major analysis tool, we used spatial correlation algorithm for allocating the distribution of lamin A, chromatin and tubulin, as well as their mutual colocalization. Furthermore, we analyzed the distribution of lamin A along the nuclear lamina and in the nucleus interior during the cell cycle. Our results indicate that at the beginning of the cell division that include prophase, metaphase and anaphase, lamin A is distributed throughout the cytoplasm and its concentration in the chromosomal regions is reduced, whereas the spatial correlation between lamin A and tubulin is increased. It implies that lamin A also disassembled in the whole cellular volume. At the telophase and early G1, lamin A is concentrated in the whole volume of the newly formed nuclei of the daughter cells and it assembles to the lamina. We also explored the functional aspects of lamin A during the cell cycle and its binding to the chromatin versus the freely diffusion form. We found that the fraction of the bound proteins of lamin A in the S phase increased, relative to the G1 phase, which means that during replication, the concentration of lamin A on the chromatin increases. All these results shed light on the function of lamin A throughout the cell cycle.
Glibenclamide Attenuates Neuroinflammation and Promotes Neurological Recovery After Intracerebral Hemorrhage in Aged Rats
Authors: Jiang Bing , Zhang Ying , Wang Yan , Li Zheng , Chen Qianwei , Tang Jun , Zhu Gang
Published: August 2021

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a common disease in the elderly population. Inflammation following ICH plays a detrimental role in secondary brain injury, which is associated with a poor prognosis of patients with ICH, and no efficient pharmacological preventions are available. Here, we investigated the effects of glibenclamide (GLC) on neuroinflammation in an autoblood-induced aged rat (18 months old) model of ICH. Rats were randomized into the sham, vehicle, and GLC groups. First, we investigated the expression level of sulfonylurea receptor 1 (Sur1) surrounding the hematoma after ICH. Then, neurological scores were calculated, and water maze tests, brain water content analysis, western blotting, and immunofluorescence assays were implemented to detect the neuroprotective effect of GLC. The expression of the Sur1-Trpm4 channel was significantly increased in the perihematomal tissue following ICH in aged rats. The GLC administration effectively reduced brain edema and improved neurofunction deficits following ICH. In addition, GLC increased the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factors and decreased the expression of proinflammatory factors [tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α,interleukin (IL)-1, and IL-6]. Moreover, GLC markedly reduced Ikappa-B (IκB) kinase (IKK) expression in microglia and nuclear factor (NF)-κB-P65 levels in perihematomal tissue. GLC ameliorated ICH-induced neuroinflammation and improved neurological outcomes in aged rats. In part, GLC may exert these effects by regulating the NF-κB signaling pathway through the Sur1-Trpm4 channel.
Electrophysiological Characterization of Regular and Burst Firing Pyramidal Neurons of the Dorsal Subiculum in an Angelman Syndrome Mouse Model
Authors: Rayi Prudhvi Raj , Kaphzan Hanoch
Published: August 2021

Angelman syndrome (AS) is a debilitating neurogenetic disorder characterized by severe developmental delay, speech impairment, gait ataxia, sleep disturbances, epilepsy, and a unique behavioral phenotype. AS is caused by a microdeletion or mutation in the maternal 15q11-q13 chromosome region containing UBE3A gene. The hippocampus is one of the important brain regions affected in AS mice leading to substantial hippocampal-dependent cognitive and behavioral deficits. Recent studies have suggested an abnormal increase in the α1-Na/K-ATPase (α1-NaKA) in AS mice as the precipitating factor leading to the hippocampal deficits. A subsequent study showed that the hippocampal-dependent behavioral deficits occur as a result of altered calcium (Ca+2) dynamics in the CA1 pyramidal neurons (PNs) caused by the elevated α1-NaKA expression levels in the AS mice. Nonetheless, a causal link between hippocampal deficits and major behavioral phenotypes in AS is still obscure. Subiculum, a region adjacent to the hippocampal CA1 is the major output source of the hippocampus and plays an important role in the transfer of information from the CA1 region to the cortical areas. However, in spite of the robust hippocampal deficits and several known electrophysiological alterations in multiple brain regions in AS mice, the neuronal properties of the subicular neurons were never investigated in these mice. Additionally, subicular function is also implied in many neuropsychiatric disorders such as autism, schizophrenia, Alzheimer’s disease, and epilepsy that share some common features with AS. Therefore, given the importance of the subiculum in these neuropsychiatric disorders and the altered electrophysiological properties of the hippocampal CA1 PNs projecting to the subiculum, we sought to examine the subicular PNs. We performed whole-cell recordings from dorsal subiculum of both WT and AS mice and found three distinct populations of PNs based on their ability to fire bursts or single action potentials following somatic current injection: strong bursting, weak bursting, and regular firing neurons. We found no overall differences in the distribution of these different subicular PN populations among AS and WT controls. However, the different cell types showed distinct alterations in their intrinsic membrane properties. Further, none of these populations were altered in their excitatory synaptic properties. Altogether, our study characterized the different subtypes of PNs in the subicular region of an AS mouse model.
Profiling of Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption in Mouse Intracerebral Hemorrhage Models: Collagenase Injection vs. Autologous Arterial Whole Blood Infusion
Authors: Jia Peijun , He Jinxin , Li Zefu , Wang Junmin , Jia Lin , Hao Ruochen , Lai Jonathan , Zang Weidong , Chen Xuemei , Wang Jian
Published: August 2021

Disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the subsequent formation of brain edema is the most severe consequence of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), leading to drastic neuroinflammatory responses and neuronal cell death. A better understanding of ICH pathophysiology to develop effective therapy relies on selecting appropriate animal models. The collagenase injection ICH model and the autologous arterial whole blood infusion ICH model have been developed to investigate the pathophysiology of ICH. However, it remains unclear whether the temporal progression and the underlying mechanism of BBB breakdown are similar between these two ICH models. In this study, we aimed to determine the progression and the mechanism of BBB disruption via the two commonly used murine ICH models: the collagenase-induced ICH model (c-ICH) and the double autologous whole blood ICH model (b-ICH). Intrastriatal injection of 0.05 U collagenase or 20 μL autologous blood was used for a comparable hematoma volume in these two ICH models. Then we analyzed BBB permeability using Evan’s blue and IgG extravasation, evaluated tight junction (TJ) damage by transmission electron microscope (TEM) and Western blotting, and assessed matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) activity and aquaporin 4 (AQP4) mRNA expression by Gelatin gel zymography and RT-PCR, respectively. The results showed that the BBB leakage was associated with a decrease in TJ protein expression and an increase in MMP-9 activity and AQP4 expression on day 3 in the c-ICH model compared with that on day 5 in the b-ICH model. Additionally, using TEM, we found that the TJ was markedly damaged on day 3 in the c-ICH model compared with that on day 5 in the b-ICH model. In conclusion, the BBB was disrupted in the two ICH models; compared to the b-ICH model, the c-ICH model presented with a more pronounced disruption of BBB at earlier time points, suggesting that the c-ICH model might be a more suitable model for studying early BBB damage and protection after ICH.
Functional Disability After Ischemic Stroke: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study in Shanghai, China
Authors: Yao Ying-Ye , Wei Zi-Jun , Zhang Yue-Chan , Li Xiang , Gong Liu , Zhou Jia-Wei , Wang Yu , Zhang Yun-Yun , Wang Rui-Ping
Published: August 2021

Objective: This study aimed to understand the demographics, functional disabilities, cognitive impairment, and depressive mood among stroke patients and to explore the correlation between functional disability and the other health conditions so as to provide some data for community rehabilitation among stroke patients.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate the functional status of ischemic stroke patients with stroke history between 1 month and 2 years by applying the modified Rankin Scale (mRS). Data were collected during October 2016 and January 2017 from 11 communities in two districts of Shanghai, China. We used face-to-face questionnaire interviews to collect information on sociodemographics, vascular risks associated with stroke, cognitive function [Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE)], and depression [Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9)]; and we applied SPSS 24.0 for data analysis.

Results: In this study, 305 patients with ischemic stroke were finally recruited, including 189 (61.97%) men, with an average age of 67 years. According to the mRS score, ischemic stroke patients were divided into patients without symptoms (controls, mRS = 0), patients without obvious disability (mRS = 1), and patients with mild to severe disability (mRS = 2–5). Ischemic stroke patients with different mRS levels demonstrated significant differences in age, tobacco smoke exposure, previous stroke history, cognitive function, and depression status. Compared with patients without symptoms (mRS = 0), patients with mRS = 1 had a lower MMSE score [odds ratio (OR): 0.48, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.26–0.90]; and patients with mRS = 2–5 had a lower MMSE score [OR = 0.16, 95% CI: 0.08–0.33], had a higher PHQ-9 score [OR = 5.36, 95% CI: 2.19–13.11], and were more likely to have previous stroke history [OR = 2.18, 95% CI: 1.01–4.79].

Conclusion: Lower degrees of functional independence are related to cognitive impairment, as well as the previous stroke history and depression status.
Improvement of Apraxia With Augmented Reality: Influencing Pantomime of Tool Use via Holographic Cues
Authors: Rohrbach Nina , Krewer Carmen , Löhnert Lisa , Thierfelder Annika , Randerath Jennifer , Jahn Klaus , Hermsdörfer Joachim
Published: August 2021

Background: Defective pantomime of tool use is a hall mark of limb apraxia. Contextual information has been demonstrated to improve tool use performance. Further, knowledge about the potential impact of technological aids such as augmented reality for patients with limb apraxia is still scarce.

Objective: Since augmented reality offers a new way to provide contextual information, we applied it to pantomime of tool use. We hypothesize that the disturbed movement execution can be mitigated by holographic stimulation. If visual stimuli facilitate the access to the appropriate motor program in patients with apraxia, their performance should improve with increased saliency, i.e., should be better when supported by dynamic and holographic cues vs. static and screen-based cues.

Methods: Twenty one stroke patients and 23 healthy control subjects were randomized to mime the use of five objects, presented in two Environments (Screen vs. Head Mounted Display, HMD) and two Modes (Static vs. Dynamic) resulting in four conditions (ScreenStat, ScreenDyn, HMDStat, HMDDyn), followed by a real tool demonstration. Pantomiming was analyzed by a scoring system using video recordings. Additionally, the sense of presence was assessed using a questionnaire.

Results: Healthy control participants performed close to ceiling and significantly better than patients. Patients achieved significantly higher scores with holographic or dynamic cues. Remarkably, when their performance was supported by animated holographic cues (e.g., striking hammer), it did not differ significantly from real tool demonstration. As the sense of presence increases with animated holograms, so does the pantomiming.

Conclusion: Patients' performance improved with visual stimuli of increasing saliency. Future assistive technology could be implemented upon this knowledge and thus, positively impact the rehabilitation process and a patient's autonomy.
Increased Angiogenin Expression Correlates With Radiation Resistance and Predicts Poor Survival for Patients With Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Authors: Guo Shan-Shan , Liang Yu-Jing , Liu Li-Ting , Chen Qiu-Yan , Wen Yue-Feng , Liu Sai-Lan , Sun Xue-Song , Tang Qing-Nan , Li Xiao-Yun , Mai Hai-Qiang , Tang Lin-Quan
Published: August 2021

Background: Despite the development of such multiple therapeutic approaches, approximately 20% patients experience recurrence. Identification of molecular markers for stratifying the different risks of tumour recurrence and progression is considered imperative.

Methods: We used a RayBio Human Cytokine Antibody Array that simultaneously detected the levels of 297 proteins and profiled the conditioned medium of HONE1 cells and the radioresistant NPC cells HONE1-IR. We found Angiogenin(ANG) expression to be significantly increased in HONE1-IR and HONE1-IR cells exposed to 4-Gy X-ray radiation.

Results: We investigated the expression of ANG in NPC tissues and explored its prognostic significance in patients with NPC. We found that ANG expression was increased in recurrent NPC tissues. Elevated expression of ANG induced radio-resistance in NPC cells, in addition to being significantly associated with shorter PFS, OS, and LRFS in patients with NPC. Multivariate analysis results revealed that ANG was an independent prognostic factor that predicted PFS, OS, and LRFS. Furthermore, a nomogram model was generated to predict OS in terms of ANG expression.

Conclusion: Our results found the radioresistant function of ANG and proved the clinical prognostic significance of ANG, and the results could help predict radio-sensitivity and stratify high-risk patients or tumour recurrence.
Protective Effect of Remdesivir Against Pulmonary Fibrosis in Mice
Authors: Li Xiaohe , Liu Rui , Cui Yunyao , Liang Jingjing , Bi Zhun , Li Shimeng , Miao Yang , Zhang Liang , Li Xiaoping , Zhou Honggang , Yang Cheng
Published: August 2021

Pulmonary fibrosis is a known sequela of severe or persistent lung damage. Existing clinical, imaging and autopsy studies have shown that the lungs exhibit a pathological pulmonary fibrosis phenotype after infection with coronaviruses, including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Pulmonary fibrosis may be one of the most serious sequelae associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In this study, we aimed to examine the preventative effects of the antiviral drug remdesivir on pulmonary fibrosis. We used a mouse model of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis to evaluate the effects of remdesivir on pulmonary fibrosis in vivo and further explored the potential pharmacological mechanisms of remdesivir in lung fibroblasts and alveolar epithelial cells in vitro. The preventive remdesivir treatment was started on the day of bleomycin installation, and the results showed that remdesivir significantly alleviated bleomycin-induced collagen deposition and improved pulmonary function. In vitro experiments showed that remdesivir dose-dependently suppressed TGF-β1-induced lung fibroblast activation and improved TGF-β1-induced alveolar epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Our results indicate that remdesivir can preventatively alleviate the severity of pulmonary fibrosis and provide some reference for the prevention of pulmonary fibrosis in patients with COVID-19.
Understanding the Impact of the Psychological Cognitive Process on Student Learning Satisfaction: Combination of the Social Cognitive Career Theory and SOR Model
Authors: Zhang Guihua , Yue Xiaoyao , Ye Yan , Peng Michael Yao-Ping
Published: August 2021

In higher education, student learning satisfaction is a significant predictor of learning that indicates the commitment students have to their learning and future academic achievement. The study combines the social cognitive career theory (SCCT) and the stimulus-organism-response (SOR) model to explore the psychological cognition and attitudes derived from students during their learning, discusses the pattern of student learning satisfaction enhancement from the aspect of process, and further understands the relationships among social support systems, interaction relationships, self-efficacy, generic skills, and learning satisfaction. In this study, 800 valid copies of questionnaires were collected from 12 universities through purposive sampling, and the structural model was analyzed by partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). The results showed that the relationships among all the constructs were positive and showed a significant effect; furthermore, the research results showed that self-efficacy and student generic skills had a significantly indirect effect in the model—specifically, a mediating effect. Finally, corresponding theoretical and practical implications were put forward based on the research results.
Application of Collagen I and IV in Bioengineering Transparent Ocular Tissues
Authors: Song Yihui , Overmass Morgan , Fan Jiawen , Hodge Chris , Sutton Gerard , Lovicu Frank J. , You Jingjing
Published: August 2021

Collagens represent a major group of structural proteins expressed in different tissues and display distinct and variable properties. Whilst collagens are non-transparent in the skin, they confer transparency in the cornea and crystalline lens of the eye. There are 28 types of collagen that all share a common triple helix structure yet differ in the composition of their α-chains leading to their different properties. The different organization of collagen fibers also contributes to the variable tissue morphology. The important ability of collagen to form different tissues has led to the exploration and application of collagen as a biomaterial. Collagen type I (Col-I) and collagen type IV (Col-IV) are the two primary collagens found in corneal and lens tissues. Both collagens provide structure and transparency, essential for a clear vision. This review explores the application of these two collagen types as novel biomaterials in bioengineering unique tissue that could be used to treat a variety of ocular diseases leading to blindness.
COX-2 Silencing in Canine Malignant Melanoma Inhibits Malignant Behaviour
Authors: Silveira Tatiany L. , Pang Lisa Y. , Di Domenico Alexandra , Veloso Emerson S. , Silva Istéfani L. D. , Puerto Helen L. Del , Ferreria Enio , Argyle David J.
Published: August 2021

Metastatic melanoma is a very aggressive form of cancer in both humans and dogs. Dogs primarily develop oral melanoma of mucosal origin. Although oral melanoma in humans is rare, both diseases are highly aggressive with frequent metastases. This disease represents a “One Health” opportunity to improve molecular and mechanistic understanding of melanoma progression. Accumulating evidence suggests that cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) may play a critical role in the malignant behaviour of melanoma. In this study we analysed 85 histologically confirmed melanomas from canine patients and showed that COX-2 is overexpressed in both oral and cutaneous melanomas and that COX-2 expression correlates with established markers of poor prognosis. To determine the role of COX-2 in melanoma we developed two melanoma cell lines with stable integration of an inducible doxycycline-regulated expression vector containing a COX-2 targeted micro-RNA (miRNA). Using this system, we showed that cellular proliferation, migration and invasion are COX-2 dependent, establishing a direct relationship between COX-2 expression and malignant behaviour in canine melanoma. We have also developed a powerful molecular tool to aid further dissection of the mechanisms by which COX-2 regulates melanoma progression.
An Algebraic Approach to Identifiability
Authors: Gerbet Daniel , Röbenack Klaus
Published: August 2021

This paper addresses the problem of identifiability of nonlinear polynomial state-space systems. Such systems have already been studied via the input-output equations, a description that, in general, requires differential algebra. The authors use a different algebraic approach, which is based on distinguishability and observability. Employing techniques from algebraic geometry such as polynomial ideals and Gröbner bases, local as well as global results are derived. The methods are illustrated on some example systems.
Optimized Control of Virtual Coupling at Junctions: A Cooperative Game-Based Approach
Authors: Wang Qi , Chai Ming , Liu Hongjie , Tang Tao
Published: August 2021

Recently, virtual coupling has aroused increasing interest in regard to achieving flexible and on-demand train operations. However, one of the main challenges in increasing the throughput of a train network is to couple trains quickly at junctions. Pre-programmed train operation strategies cause trains to decelerate or stop at junctions. Such strategies can reduce the coupling efficiency or even cause trains to fail to reach coupled status. To fill this critical gap, this paper proposes a cooperative game model to represent train coupling at junctions and adopts the Shapley theorem to solve the formulated game. Due to the discrete and high-dimensional characteristics of the model, the optimal solution method is non-convex and is difficult to solve in a reasonable amount of time. To find optimal operation strategies for large-scale models in a reasonable amount of time, we propose an improved particle swarm optimization algorithm by introducing self-adaptive parameters and a mutation method. This paper compares the strategy for train coupling at junctions generated by the proposed method with two naive strategies and unimproved particle swarm optimization. The results show that the operation time was reduced by using the proposed cooperative game-based optimization approach.