bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
LEARNERS’ ATTITUDES TOWARDS USING ONLINE RESOURCES IN LEARNING
Authors: Suteja Hanna
Published: November 2022

Unlike in the past nowadays a lot of online resources for learning English have become more accessible and even free.  The advancement of digital technology makes it possible to create user friendly learning applications and various formats of learning materials.  The users of these online resources are not only limited to learners but also teachers. Teachers can choose and adjust the materials for their students without having to create them from the scratch themselves. Learners can also benefit from these free resources; with some guidance and recommendation from teachers they can make use of these learning materials. However, learners can also choose the resources to their need as well as pace their own learning. This descriptive study investigated the students’ perception towards learning English using online resources. There were 25 final year students participating in this study. A survey was conducted to glean the subjects’ opinions on their learning process using the online resources. The e-resources assigned were chosen from various websites related to the main and sub skills for iBT TOEFL tests since they took the iBT TOEFL Preparation class.  The online exercises on the subskills such as vocabulary, pronunciation, and grammar were also assigned to support their main skills. Aside from the survey, a group-focused interview was also conducted to confirm the subjects’ responses in the survey. The result indicates a positive attitude among the learners towards the use of online resources during their learning in that semester. Convenience and flexibility of using online resources are the strong points for this positive perception. However, the instability of internet connection sometimes hampered the smooth learning in accessing the resources. Another finding indicates that only self-study using online resources is found to be insufficient; the combination of independent learning and teachers or tutors’ guidance seems necessary if they are to take the official iBT TOEFL test
EFFORTS OF A MINORITY MOSLEM DIASPORA TO BUILD A SOCIAL IDENTITY IN BALI
Authors: Adi Jaya Putra I Nyoman
Published: November 2022

The Pegayaman Muslim diaspora historically originated from Java. Pegayaman, the village they live in, is one of the largest Islamic villages in Buleleng Bali. For them, Islam is a religion that not only contains a belief system that has abstract values, but also becomes a cultural attribute that distinguishes them from the Balinese Hindu community in its environment. In this context, they must have a social identity to show. The question that can be asked is how this diaspora that resides amidst the majority of the Balinese Hindus build their social identity? The objective of this research is to find out and discuss the efforts done by this community to build their identity. The method used is a sociolinguistic study utilizing a qualitative method. The data collected were in the form of authentic verbal linguistic data, which consist of conversations in five language domains. The data were collected using the (non-)participatory observation method and interviews. Both the participatory and the non-participatory observation took 6 months. Three interviews in five different language domains which involved seven interviewees were carried out. To obtain the data in question, a number of five families and their social networks were taken purposively as research subjects. To ensure data saturation, snowballing technique was also used. A number of important informants such as penglingsir ’adat elderly’, religious and traditional leaders (Guru), penghulu, and mekel or village heads were also involved as data sources. The study found the followings. The most obvious phenomenon is that they use Bahasa Bali in informal language domains by adapting some of its dialectal features. They are also adaptive, accommodative, and assimilable to the Balinese culture and traditions. The accommodation was shown in the implementation of the systems of Subak ‘the Balinese traditional irrigation system’ and Banjar ‘part of a hamlet’. The adaptation was in a number of tradition-related activities: Muludan Base, Muludan Taluh, Penapean, Penyajaan, Penampahan, Ngemanisin, and Ngejot. The assimilation was also seen in the Terms of Address and Terms of Reference used. Through these accommodative and adaptive efforts, they manage to build their social identity with the hope that their existence could be recognized and accepted, and thus they can practice their beliefs and faith, and practice and pass on their culture well
ATTITUDE DAN GRADUATION TOKOH UTAMA NOVEL THE VALLEY OF FEAR DAN VERSI TERJEMAHAN MISTERI LEMBAH KETAKUTAN (BERBASIS KORPUS)
Authors: Ar Rusyfa Imamati Zikra , Rahayu Nurti , Atmaja Karta
Published: November 2022

This study discusses the appraisal of the attitude and graduation (force) subsystem based on corpus linguistics. The Appraisal Theory proposed by Martin and White (2005) relates to the expression of the speaker's/writer's feelings, particularly the evaluation of someone’s emotional reactions, attitude, and objects. The evaluation can be positive or negative. Meanwhile, graduation is associated with a scale of evaluation involving attitude. The aims of this study are: First, to find out what kind of attitude subsystem is found on the character Sherlock Holmes in the novel The Valley of Fear by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle (1915) and the translated version Misteri Lembah Ketakutan by Ismanto, Ahmad Asnawi and Sutrisno published by Indolestari ( 2021). Second, to find out how the translation shift occurred on the character, it can be seen from the graduation force (scale up and scale down). This research applies descriptive qualitative research method using corpus linguistics and critical discourse analysis as research design. The critical discourse analysis approach is used to find out what types of attitudes appeare in the ST and TT of the novels and to find out the shift of graduation of the translated novel. Meanwhile, the linguistic corpus approach is used to calculate the frequency of appraisals apprear in the ST and TT. The data used in this study is a parallel corpus using the Sketch Engine tool; clauses containing attitude and graduation by applying purposive sampling of the first four chapters of the novel because in these chapters, the main character Sherlock Holmes often evaluates persons, object, or behavior. The clause is used as the unit of analysis because the clause is an important unit in grammatical meaning and in terms of the pattern will be in line with the lower unit, namely the phrase. The corpus information on the ST is; 15,353 tokens, 12,858 words, and 1,000 clauses, while in TT there are 12,930, 10,974 words and 1,067 clauses. It was found that the number of attitude in ST and TT was the i.e. appreciation 47 (50%), judgment 24 (25.53%), and affect 23 (24.46%). Then, a shift in the translation of the graduation force was found in the attitude; the number scale up of ST turned scale down of TT was18 (Su → Sd) and the scale down of ST turned scale up in TT was17 (Sd → Su).
PENYESUAIAN EJAAN KATA SERAPAN DALAM KARYA ILMIAH BERBAHASA INDONESIA
Authors: Arlini Leni Dyah , Muslim Mohammad Umar
Published: November 2022

Bahasa Indonesia telah menyerap banyak kata dari bahasa asing, seperti bahasa Sanskerta, bahasa Arab, bahasa Belanda dan bahasa Inggris.* Kata-kata yang diserap dari bahasa asing pada umumnya mengalami penyesuaian lafal dalam ragam lisan dan penyesuaian ejaan dalam ragam tulis. Penelitian tentang kata serapan baku dalam bahasa Indonesia pada umumnya membahas keberterimaan ejaannya dalam bahasa Indonesia oleh penutur bahasa Indonesia yang datanya diperoleh dengan menyebarkan angket, seperti penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Gunarwan (1995), Mustakim (1997), Sutejo (2002), Harbelubun (2003) dan Martin (2005). Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh adanya variasi bentuk penulisan kata serapan pada tulisan ilmiah. Dalam tulisan ini kami akan memeriksa penyesuaian ejaan kata serapan yang digunakan penutur bahasa Indonesia dalam tulisan ilmiah. Tulisan ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi pola-pola penyesuaian ejaan kata serapan dari bahasa Inggris dan Belanda dalam karya ilmiah berbahasa Indonesia. Pola-pola penyesuaian ejaan ini selanjutnya akan dibandingkan dengan peraturan penyesuaian ejaan dalam Pedoman Umum Ejaan Bahasa Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif yang meliputi pengumpulan data, analisis tiap data, dan melibatkan interpretasi dari peneliti tentang temuan data. Data tulisan ini adalah kata serapan bahasa Indonesia yang berasal dari bahasa Belanda dan bahasa Inggris yang diambil dari 40 skripsi bidang sosial humaniora di Universitas Indonesia. Kata serapan yang dianalisis adalah kata yang muncul paling sedikit 20 kali dalam ke-40 skripsi tersebut. Dengan menerapkan kriteria tersebut dan menggunakan perangkat lunak AntConc, didapatkan 73 kata serapan. Kata-kata tersebut dapat mempunyai dua bentuk (praktik, praktek), atau lebih dari dua bentuk (teoretis, teoritis, teoritik, teoretik). Ke-73 kata tersebut selanjutnya dianalisis berdasarkan lafal dan ejaannya dalam bahasa asalnya dan dalam bahasa Indonesia. Dari analisis ini diidentifikasi kata serapan yang ejaannya disesuaikan dengan ejaan dalam bahasa asalnya dan kata serapan yang ejaannya disesuaikan dengan pelafalannya dalam bahasa Indonesia. Sebagian pola penyesuaian ejaan kata serapan dalam karya ilmiah sesuai dengan peraturan tentang ejaan dalam Pedoman Umum Ejaan Bahasa Indonesia, tetapi sebagian tidak sesuai dengan pedoman tersebut. Pola penyesuaian ejaan yang tidak sesuai dengan pedoman ejaan yang berlaku biasanya dianggap sebagai kesalahan, tetapi dalam tulisan ini pola tersebut akan dipertimbangkan sebagai masukan untuk perbaikan pedoman ejaan.
FALAGA SEBUAH BUDAYA POP ANAK MUDA PANTAI SORAKE (KAJIAN ANTROPOLINGUISTIK)
Authors: Laiya Rebecca Evelyn
Published: November 2022

Bahasa muncul ada hubungannya dengan latar belakang konteks budayanya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah  mendesksripsikan latar belakang munculnya kata falaga sebagai budaya pop di kalangan anak muda pantai Sorake yang berlokasi di Pulau Nias tepatnya Kabupaten Nias Selatan yang secara administratif tergabung dalam Propinsi Sumatera Utara. Pantai Sorake terkenal dengan ombak  yang sangat  strategis untuk olahraga selancar air (surfing), sehingga pantai tersebut banyak dikunjungi oleh turis asing. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan ilmu antropolinguistik. Peneliti melakukan pengumpulan data dengan cara wawancara, parsipatif observasi dan dokumentasi. Partisipan dari penelitian berjumlah 10 orang. Peneliti menggunakan teori Miles, Huberman dan Saldana sebagai teori analisis data dan  hasil yang ditemukan bahwa kata falaga pada awalnya digunakan oleh masyarakat Nias artinya menyabung ayam atau mengadu ayam. Namun seiring dengan waktu, anak muda pantai Sorake sering melihat para turis asing yang pada umumnya adalah surfer mengadakan pesta di pinggir pantai dan minum bir di gelas namun sebelumnya mereka bersulang, mereka berteriak mengucapkan kata cheers. Para pemuda pantai Sorake ingin melakukan hal yang serupa namun mereka menggunakan  kata yang familiar dengan mereka yaitu falaga. Falaga pun menjadi budaya pop di kalangan anak pantai Sorake. Falaga menjadi populer di kalangan anak muda dan menjadi identitas anak muda Pantai Sorake. Falaga juga semacam kode bahwa mereka adalah bagian dari Pantai Sorake. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah kata falaga muncul karena ada sebuah konteks budaya tertentu yaitu budaya barat. Falaga  menjadi budaya pop di kalangan anak muda Sorake akibat masuknya budaya lain, yaitu budaya barat. Saran yang dapat diberikan oleh peneliti hendaknya kata falaga dapat diarahkan menjadi makna yang positif yang bukan mengarah untuk budaya pesta minum bir namun dapat pula menjadi istilah untuk budaya positif pemuda pantai. Bahkan dapat menjadi simbol gerakan anak muda Sorake  yang dapat membawa dampak kemajuan Pulau Nias secara khusus dan Indonesia pada umumnya.
PENERAPAN MODEL MANAJEMEN BAHASA: ANCANGAN PENGUATAN PENGGUNAAN BAHASA NEGARA DI RANAH KELUARGA
Authors: Sukma Riza
Published: November 2022

Penelitian ini berdasarkan hasil penelitian sebelumnya, yakni “Bahasa Anak Diplomat di India: Tinjauan Faktor Lingkungan Bahasa” (Sukma, 2021). Hasil penelitian itu menunjukkan bahwa anak diplomat di India menggunakan beberapa bahasa dalam lingkungannya, yaitu bahasa Indonesia, bahasa Inggris, dan bahasa Hindi. Bahasa Indonesia digunakan di lingkungan keluarga (rumah) dan kantor orang tua, bahasa Inggris digunakan di lingkungan sekolah dan lingkungan rumah, serta bahasa Hindi digunakan di lingkungan sekolah dan kadang di lingkungan rumah. Tingkat penguasaan terhadap ketiga bahasa tersebut bervariasi. Anak-anak itu cenderung mencampuradukkan bahasa dalam pertuturan. Fenomena itu diasumsikan dapat merusak dan melunturkan kecintaan pada bahasa negara mereka, yakni bahasa Indonesia. Dengan demikian, perlu dilakukan upaya untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut, khususnya dalam pemilihan bahasa. Berpijak dari hal tersebut, penelitian ini akan membahas manajemen bahasa di ranah keluarga berdasarkan model yang dikemukan oleh Spolsky. Spolsky (2009) mendasari model manajemen bahasa pada kebijakan bahasa. Menurutnya, ada tiga komponen utama dalam kebijakan bahasa, yakni language practices, ideology and belief, dan management and planning (Spolsky, 2005). Penelitian ini bertujuan menghasilkan ancangan penguatan penggunaan bahasa negara di ranah keluarga dengan model manajemen bahasa Spolsky. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan teknik observasi, wawancara, kuesioner, dan pustaka. Subjek penelitian adalah tiga keluarga (ayah, ibu, dan anak) diplomat  yang bertugas di India. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada periode Juli hingga Oktober 2019. Pada model ini ditentukan seorang manajer atau pengelola, yakni orang tua. Peran manajer, yakni (1) menentukan pilihan bahasa, (2) menerapkan praktik berbahasa yang sesuai norma atau kaidah, dan (3) menguatkan keyakinan atau ideologi berbahasa di dalam keluarga. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) anak tidak lagi mencampuradukkan penggunaan bahasa dalam pertuturan saat di rumah, (2) orang tua menggunakan bahasa Indonesia ketika berinteraksi dengan anggota keluarga, (3) bahasa Inggris dan bahasa Hindi hanya digunakan untuk berkomunikasi di luar rumah, dan (4) anak memiliki sikap positif terhadap bahasa negara. Simpulannya adalah model manajemen bahasa Spolsky dapat diterapkan di ranah keluarga. Penerapannya dapat disesuaikan dengan kebutuhan atau kondisi penggunaan bahasa tertentu di dalam keluarga. Ancangan model manajemen bahasa ini diharapkan dapat menjadi alternatif upaya penguatan penggunaan bahasa negara, khususnya di ranah keluarga.
NAMA-NAMA BATIK JAWA BARAT: KAJIAN KHREMATONIMIKA
Authors: Machdalena Susi , Dienaputra Reiza D. , Suherman Agus , Nugraha Awaludin , Kartika N. , Yuliawati Susi
Published: November 2022

Batik is one of the cultural works. Therefore, every batik has motifs. The motifs have names. In this paper, the names of batik motifs are examined by a Khrematonimika study. The research aims to describe the naming of batik found in West Java. These names of batik are closely related to the local wisdom of the Sundanese society. The study employs a descriptive-qualitative method. The purpose of this method is to make a systematic, factual, and accurate description or illustration of the data, characteristics, and relationships of the phenomena studied. The research model is ethnography, which aims to explain the naming of batik motifs and Sundanese culture holistically. The data used in this research are a lexicon of West Java batik motifs that is in Sundanese language or its local languages. The data were obtained from observation, literature study, interviews with batik craftsmen and entrepreneurs. The result shows that various batik motifs produced by the designers and craftsmen are named based on the local language and culture. The richness of these batik motifs reflects the richness of the local culture, history, and languages. Each batik center gives names to its works according to the world view, knowledge, perception, and language skills of the batik creators. In Sumedang, for example, they named the batik motifs Kuda Renggong (related to the performing arts in Sumedang) and Daun Boled (Sumedang produces sweet potatoes); in Indramayu, they name the batik motif Iwak Etong (related to a kind of fish produced in Indramayu); in Cimahi, they name the batik motif Reundeu (related a traditional village which staple food is sweet potato); in Majalengka, they name the batik motifs Kota Angin (related to Majalengka’s typical nature which often occurs storms) and Gedong Gincu (Majalengka is famous for their sweet mangoes); and in Cirebon, they name the batik motif Paksinaga Liman (related to their history); etc. These batik names are created from the lexemes of Sundanese and their local languages, such as the languages of Indramayu and Cirebon. The names of batik function to maintain the local languages.
INOVASI FONOLOGI BAHASA JAWA DIALEK BANTEN DI PERBATASAN KABUPATEN SERANG PROVINSI BANTEN
Authors: Rohbiah Tatu Siti
Published: November 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan dan menjelaskan varian leksikal bahasa Jawa dialek Banten yang mengalami inovasi fonologi di perbatasan kabupaten Serang Provinsi Banten. Perumusan permasalahan yang dibahas dalam penelitian ini, berapa varian inovasi fonologi dan jenis perubahan fonologi apa yang terjadi dalam bahasa Jawa dialek Banten di perbatasan kabupaten Serang provinsi Banten. Penelitian ini mengunakan deskriptif kualitatif dengan melalui tiga tahapan strategis, yaitu penyediaan atau pengumpulan data, analisis atau pengolahan data, dan penyajian analisis data. Data dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan metode simak dengan teknik libat cakap dan metode kontak atau cakap dengan teknik cakap semuka. Teknik itu kemudian dilanjutkan dengan teknik catat. Baik lawan bicara maupun pembantu bahasa –orang yang membantu pengambilan data dalam penelitian ini adalah penutur asli bahasa Jawa Banten (BJB). Data dikumpulkan di wilayah pertuturan bahasa Jawa Banten di Perbatasan Kabupaten Serang Provinsi Banten. Adapun teknik yang digunakan adalah wawancara, pencatatan, dan perekaman wawancara dilakukan dengan menggunakan panduan daftar tanya. Penentuan informan dilakukan dengan mempertimbangkan kriteria yang diusulkan Informan terpilih harus memenuhi beberapa atau semua kriteria yang ditetapkan.  Penelitian ini dilakukan 4 kecamatan di perbatasan kabupaten Serang yang semua penutur asli bahasa Jawa Banten yang bersentuhan dengan bahasa lainnya, yakni: kecamatan Pamarayan (BJB bersentuhan dengan Bahasa Sunda), Pontang (BJB Bersentuhan dengan Bahasa Jawa Cirebon), Tanara (BJB bersentuhan dengan Betawi), dan Anyer (BJB bersentuhan dengan bahasa Lampung. Sampel informan setiap desa berjumlah dua orang penutur asli bahasa  Jawa Banten. Instrument penelitian yang digunakan untuk berwawancara berupa daftar pertanyaan sebanyak 314 kosa kata. Hasil penelitian inovasi fonologi dari hasil penelitian tercatat 128 data terdapat 185 varian yang menunjukan perubahan fonologi (1) perubahan vokal [ə] – [a]; (2) perubahan konsonan, terdiri asimilasi, lenisi, metatesis, gejala lain terjadi (3) pengurangan bunyi; aferesis, sinkop, apokop; dan (4) penambahan bunyi yang terdiri dari protesis, epentesis, paragog.
IDENTITAS MODAL QUALIFIERS SEBAGAI PENGEMBAN FUNGSI PEMAGARAN ARGUMEN TULISAN-TULISAN ARGUMENTATIF
Authors: Setyaningsih Yuliana , Rahardi R. Kunjana
Published: November 2022

Tulisan argumentatif itu berbahan dasar argumen. Sebagai bahan dasar tulisan argumentatif, kualitas argumen sangat menentukan mutu tulisan. Mutu tulisan juga tidak terlepas dari tingkat literasi akademik warga masyarakat. Budaya literasi masyarakat dengan sendirinya juga menjadi penentu kualitas tulisan argumentatif. Budaya sebagian besar warga masyarakat Indonesia yang masih terlampau dominan bersifat lisan menjadi kendala tersendiri bagi upaya peningkatan kualitas tulisan-tulisan argumentatif di negeri ini. Akibatnya, tidak banyak tulisan yang bisa lolos ketika dikompetisikan dalam jurnal-jurnal bereputasi internasional. Sekaligus, hal ini juga mengindikasikan bahwa kemampuan berpikir kritis dan bermetakognisi warga masyarakat Indonesia masih perlu ditingkatkan secara serius. Sinyalemen demikian ini semestinya menarik untuk segera direspons secara serius oleh para ahli bahasa, khususnya mereka yang banyak berkecimpung dalam bidang penulisan dan pengembangan argumen.  Penelitian ini dapat dipandang sebagai salah satu upaya merespons sinyalemen tersebut. Fokus penelitian ini adalah pada jenis dan fungsi pemagaran dari modal qualifier sebagai bagian penting sebuah argumen pada tulisan-tulisan argumentatif. Kedua, identitas modal qualifier ini penting karena komponen argumen memiliki bermacam-macam manifestasi bentuk dan fungsi pemagaran argumen. Atas dasar pemikiran di atas, masalah penelitian ini dirumuskan sebagai berikut: (1) Apa saja manifestasi wujud modal qualifier sebagai pemagar dalam tulisan-tulisan argumentatif?; (2) Apa saja manifestasi fungsi pemagaran modal qualifier dalam tulisan-tulisan argumentatif? Sejalan dengan rumusan masalah tersebut, tujuan penelitian ini adalah: (1) Mendeskripsikan manifestasi wujud modal qualifier sebagai pemagar dalam tulisan-tulisan argumentatif; (2) Mendeskripsikan manifestasi fungsi pemagaran argumen modal qualifier dalam tulisan-tulisan argumentatif. Pengumpulan data pada penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menerapkan metode simak, khususnya dengan menggunakan teknik baca dan teknik catat. Setelah data terkumpul dengan baik, klasifikasi dan tipifikasi dilakukan, selanjutnya dikenakan metode dan teknik analisis data. Metode analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode analisis distribusional dan metode analisis isi. Hasil penelitian ditriangulasikan kepada pakar yang relevan dan ahli dalam bidangnya untuk memastikan hasil analisis telah dilakukan secara baik dan hasilnya dapat dipertanggungjawabkan secara akademik. Penelitian ini bermanfaat secara teoretis untuk mengembangkan ilmu bahasa, khususnya dalam kaitan dengan pemerantian modal qualifier dalam penyusunan argumen pada tulisan ilmiah.  Secara praktis hasil penelitian ini akan bermanfaat dalam meningkatkan pembelajaran, khususnya menulis argumentatif dalam penulisan ilmiah di perguruan tinggi.
Uma abordagem geral da Psoríase: revisão de literatura
Authors: Pimentel Juliana Peres , Vieira Rafaella de Almeida , Vieira Gabriella de Almeida , Lacerda Bruna Simões , Almeida Raquel do Nascimento , Lisboa Laura Certório Campos , Siqueira Emílio Conceição de
Published: November 2022

Objetivo: Analisar as características da Psoríase. Revisão bibliográfica: A psoríase é uma doença sistêmica crônica imunomediada que afeta aproximadamente 100 milhões de pessoas em todo o mundo. A doença parece ser o resultado de uma interação desregulada entre células imunes, queratinócitos da pele e o ambiente, levando a um processo inflamatório persistente modulado por células T ativadas e citocinas pró-inflamatórias. A psoríase está associada ao aumento do risco de comorbidades, incluindo, mas não limitado a artrite psoriática, doença cardiovascular, diabetes mellitus, obesidade, doença inflamatória intestinal e doença hepática gordurosa não alcoólica em comparação com a população em geral. Considerações finais: A psoríase é um problema de saúde pública global, sendo uma doença inflamatória sistêmica crônica da pele com forte predisposição genética e traços patogênicos autoimunes. Seu tratamento em casos leves é realizado com agentes tópicos como por exemplo, Calcipotriol, Inibidores de Calcineurina, Tretinoína, glicocorticóide e fototerapia. Já em casos moderados a graves utiliza-se terapias sistêmicas convencionais como o Metorexato, a Ciclosporina e Acitretina, além de biológicos que podem ser usados na falha das terapias convencionais.
To screen for obstructive sleep apnea in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and its association with microvascular complications
Authors: Aashik Y. S. , Rao Chaitra , Madhumati R. , Dushyanth Bharath
Published: November 2022

Objectives:

The objectives of this study were to find the association between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and microvascualr complications in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Material and Methods:

This study was conducted at Bangalore Medical College. One hundred patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria were enrolled for the study. The study group included outpatients and inpatients with T2DM in Victoria Hospital and Bowring and Lady Curzon Hospital. The data were collected according to the pro forma in terms of history, clinical examination, and the necessary investigations (HbA1c and urine microalbumincreatinine ratio). To screen for OSA, STOP-BANG questionnaire was used. To assess microvascular complications, patients were subjected to fundoscopy, urine microalbumin-creatinine ratio, and Toronto clinical neuropathy scoring system. Based on STOP-BANG score, patients were divided into three groups: Low risk (0–2), intermediate risk (3–4), and high risk (5–8) for OSA. Mean values for the duration of diabetes, HbA1c, urine microalbumincreatinine ratio, and Toronto neuropathy score were compared in each group using ANOVA variance analysis. To find the association between OSA and diabetic retinopathy, Kruskal–Wallis test was used.

Results:

Based on STOP-BANG score, 16% of patients were in the low-risk group, 68% in the intermediate-risk group, and 16% in the high-risk group. There was a significant difference in Toronto neuropathy scores, urine microalbumin-creatinine ratio, and diabetic retinopathy between low-, intermediate-, and high-risk OSA groups indicating higher neuropathy scores, higher values of UMCR, and more advanced diabetic retinopathy among the high-risk group as compared to other two groups. The association between STOP-BANG scores and UMCR, Toronto neuropathy score, and diabetic retinopathy was statistically significant with P values of 0.002, 0.029, and 0.03, respectively.

Conclusion:

All diabetic patients should be screened for OSA which is simple and inexpensive. Those who fall in intermediate-risk and high-risk categories showed more advanced microvascular complications. They should be subjected to polysomnography and treated for OSA for better glycemic control and to delay the progression of microvascular complications.
Human amniotic membrane as a dural substitute in neurosurgery: A systematic review
Authors: Shah Zara , Bakhshi Saqib Kamran , Bajwa Mohammad Hamza , Khalil Mujtaba , Dewan Michael C. , Shamim Shahzad M.
Published: November 2022

Background:

Several studies have highlighted the use of human amniotic membrane (HAM) in neurosurgical procedures as an effective dural substitute. HAM has inherent antifibrotic and anti-inflammatory properties and exhibits immunomodulatory effect that makes it an ideal dural substitute. Other advantages including easy availability, low cost of procurement, and storage also render it a promising dural substitute especially in low- and middle-income countries.

Methods:

A systematic literature search was performed using PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases, using the search terms “human amniotic membrane,” “dural repair,” and “neurosurgery.” To be eligible for inclusion in our review, papers had to report primary data, be published in English language and report dural repair on humans with human amniotic membrane. Eligibility assessment was conducted by two independent reviewers with qualitative analysis on the basis of surgical utility, postoperative complications, and histological analysis.

Results:

Eight articles met the predefined inclusion criteria, including three randomized control trials and five cohort studies. We evaluated the use of HAM grafts in dural repair for elective cranial surgery (four studies), trauma surgery (three studies), and elective spine surgery (one study). Cases with postoperative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak were reported by two studies. Other postoperative complications including meningitis, hydrocephalus, pseudomeningocele, CSF collection in subdural space, and subacute subdural hematoma were reported by one study each. Postsurgical histological analysis was reported by three studies highlighting the antiadhesive and integrative properties of HAM.

Conclusion:

The current review of evidence suggests that in terms of postsurgical outcomes, HAM is comparable with commercially available dural substitutes.
Perspective: Lumbar adhesive arachnoiditis (AA)/ Chronic AA (CAA) are clinical diagnoses that do not require radiographic confirmation
Authors: Epstein Nancy E. , Agulnick Marc A.
Published: November 2022

Background:

Our hypothesis was that lumbar adhesive arachnoiditis (AA)/chronic lumbar AA (CAA) are clinical diagnoses that do not require radiographic confirmation. Therefore, patients with these syndromes do not necessarily have to demonstrate significant radiographic abnormalities on myelograms, MyeloCT studies, and/or MR examinations. When present, typical AA/CAA findings may include; central or peripheral nerve root/cauda equina thickening/clumping (i.e. latter empty sac sign), arachnoid cysts, soft tissue masses in the subarachnoid space, and/or failure of nerve roots to migrate ventrally on prone MR/Myelo-CT studies.

Methods :

We reviewed 3 articles and 7 clinical series that involved a total of 253 patients with AA/CAA to determine whether there was a significant correlation between these clinical syndromes, and myelographic, Myelo-CT, and/or MR imaging pathology.

Results:

We determined that patients with the clinical diagnoses of AA/CAA do not necessarily exhibit associated radiographic abnormalities. However, a subset of patients with AA/CAA may show the classical AA/CAA findings of; central or peripheral nerve root/cauda equina thickening/clumping (empty sac sign), arachnoid cysts, soft tissue masses in the subarachnoid space, and/or failure of nerve roots to migrate ventrally on prone MR/ Myelo-CT studies.

Conclusion:

Patients with clinical diagnoses of AA/CAA do not necessary show associated neuroradiagnostic abnormalities on myelograms, Myelo-CT studies, or MR. Rather, the clinical syndromes of AA/CAA may exist alone without the requirement for radiolographic confirmation.
Basic principles of contemporary chemotherapy of malignant gliomas of the brain
Authors: Glavatskyi Oleksandr Ya.
Published: November 2022

The modern view on the place of antiblastic chemotherapy in clinical neuro-oncology based on NCCN 2021 clinical guidelines (The National Comprehensive Cancer Network), EANO recommendations (The European Association for Neuro-Oncology), cIMPACT-NOW (The Consortium for Inform Molecular and Practical Approaches to CNS Tumor Taxonomy) and many years of experience of the department of adjuvant treatment for the central nervous system tumors of the State Institution "Romodanov Neurosurgery Institute, Ukraine" is presented and the basic principles of its application in the complex treatment of malignant gliomas of the brain are substantiated.
Malignant gliomas are a heterogeneous group of the most numerous primary tumors of the central nervous system, differing in both the grade of malignancy and the prognosis of the disease. The latest WHO tumors classification 2021 defines this group of tumors as "diffuse gliomas" of the brain, that is, the term itself indicates infiltrative nature of their growth, that limits the possibility of surgical removal and requires a multimodal approach to their treatment in order to maximize the reduction of tumor tissue.
The new era of chemotherapy in neuro-oncology, as well as in general oncology, began with the study of the molecular profile of tumors, which is important both for predicting the course of the disease and for choosing tactics of chemotherapeutic treatment of malignant gliomas. It’s enough to give the following example: in the absence of IDH gene mutation and co-deletion of chromosome 1p/19q loci in grade 2 of anaplasia diffuse gliomas, the prognosis of the disease does not differ from that in glioblastoma multiforme.
For the same reason, in modern neuro-oncology, the designation of molecular genetic markers in malignant gliomas is essential for the personification of the treatment of pathology is essential to personalize the treatment of this pathology.
Changes in the structure of synaptic intercellular contacts in focal brain lesions
Authors: Vaslovytch Viktoriia V. , Rozumenko Artem V. , Borovyk Leonid R. , Shmeleva Anna A. , Rozumenko Volodymyr D. , Malysheva Tetyana A.
Published: November 2022

Purpose: to evaluate changes in the structure of synaptic contacts in various types of focal brain pathology.
Materials and methods. The results of treatment of 40 cases of supratentorial focal lesions of the brain (FLB) were retrospectively evaluated. The cases are divided into groups: 30 gliomas of various degrees of malignancy and 5 consequences of TBI, 5 epilepsy. All patients underwent surgical interventions. The synaptic plasticity of axo-dendritic and axo-spiny asymmetric synapses of neurons of the VI-VII layers of the frontotemporal cortex was studied by electron microscopy. Morphometric analysis was carried out on a computer image analyzer САИ-01АВН using the software "Kappa opto-electronics GmbH" using the STATISTICA 7 program package.
The results. It was established that the density of synapses decreased in glioblastomas (GB) and craniocerebral injury (ССІ). Qualitative changes demonstrate the plasticity of architectonics of synapse, in particular due to the increase in the number of perforated synaptic contacts. Maximum thickening and diffuse stratification of the postsynaptic seal indicates a violation of the functional capacity of the postsynaptic component of the contacts. A decrease in the number of synaptic vesicles was revealed in ССІ and GB, with their rearrangement, which is probably a manifestation of synaptic dysfunction. The latter proves the irreversibility of destructive local changes and is unfavorable criterion. The risk of the formation of destructive-degenerative changes in the synaptic apparatus is 7.64 times higher in DA, 3.17 times higher in GB, and 17.31 times higher in ССІ compared to cases of epilepsy, with GB significantly increases by 13.5 times compared to DA. Therefore, the assessment of the structural features of neuroplasticity should take into account the morphogenesis of the BM in comparison with clinical data
Conclusions. In the zones of invasive growth of gliomas of various degrees of malignancy and in ССІ and epilepsy, the indicators of synaptic plasticity differ statistically significantly. The density of placement of synapses is lower in GB and ССІ. The probability of non-reversibility of destructive-degenerative changes of synapses according to the number of SVs in FLB correlates with the degree of glioma differentiation with a sensitivity of 81.0% and a specificity of 76.0%. According to the structural changes of synaptic connections in tumors, probable differences between the variants have been proven: GB and DA, the sensitivity of the discriminant model is 85.0%, the specificity is 74.0%, which is an indirect evidence of the growth rate of the tumor mass and its destructive effect on the surrounding brain matter. The obtained results are important in assessing the prognosis of the further course of the disease.
Tuning Ether Motifs in Polymer Membranes for CO2 Separation
Authors: Basdogan Yasemin , Wang Zhen-Gang
Published: November 2022

Polymer membranes are an attractive, energy efficient alternative to traditional unit operations for gas separation. Polyethers have been leading membrane materials for CO2 separation due to their unique ether oxygen moiety that exhibits affinity towards CO2. We systematically study the effect of an ether-oxygen moiety on solubility using perturbed-chain statistical associating fluid theory equation of state calculations and on diffusivity using molecular dynamics simulations for CO2 separation. We investigate five different polymer materials with varying oxygen content, including commonly used polymers such as poly(ethylene oxide) as well as polymers with higher ether-oxygen content. Our results show that increasing the ether-oxygen moiety in the polymer membrane significantly increases the CO2/N2 solubility selectivity. Of the studied materials, polyoxymethylene has the highest oxygen to carbon ratio, and it has the highest CO2/N2 solubility selectivity. Molecular dynamics simulations indicates CO2/N2 diffusivity selectivity increases with increasing ether-oxygen content in the polymer, although the individual gas diffusion slows down. Moreover, we find that increasing the temperature increases the gas diffusion; however, the polymers lose their selective interactions with CO2, thus resulting in lower selectivity. We demonstrate that the ether-oxygen is a key functional group controlling the CO2/N2 solubility selectivity of polymer membranes.
On the potentially transformative role of auxiliary-field quantum Monte Carlo in quantum chemistry: A highly accurate method for transition metals and beyond
Authors: Shee James , Weber John , Reichman David , Friesner Richard , Zhang Shiwei
Published: November 2022

Approximate solutions to the ab initio electronic structure problem have been a focus of theoretical and computational chemistry research for much of the past century, with the goal of predicting relevant energy differences to within “chemical accuracy” (1 kcal/mol). For small organic molecules, or in general for weakly correlated main group chemistry, a hierarchy of single-reference wavefunction methods have been rigorously established spanning perturbation theory and the coupled cluster (CC) formalism. For these systems, CC with singles, doubles, and perturbative triples (CCSD(T)) is known to achieve chemical accuracy, albeit at O(N^7) computational cost. In addition, a hierarchy of density functional approximations of increasing formal sophistication, known as Jacob's ladder, has been shown to systematically reduce average errors over large data sets representing weakly-correlated chemistry. However, the accuracy of such computational models is less clear in the increasingly important frontiers of chemical space including transition metals and f-block compounds, in which strong correlation can play an important role in reactivity. A stochastic method, phaseless auxiliary-field quantum Monte Carlo (ph-AFQMC), has been shown capable of producing chemically accurate predictions even for challenging molecular systems beyond the main-group, with relatively low O(N^3-N^4) cost and near-perfect parallel efficiency. Herein we present our perspectives on the past, present, and future of the ph-AFQMC method. We focus on its potential in transition metal quantum chemistry to be a highly accurate, systematically-improvable method which can reliably probe strongly correlated systems in biology and chemical catalysis, and provide reference thermochemical values (for future development of density functionals or interatomic potentials) when experiments are either noisy or absent. Finally, we discuss the present limitations of the method, and where we expect near term development to be most fruitful.
On the Fresnel Factor Correction of Sum-Frequency Generation Spectra of Interfacial Water
Authors: Chiang Kuo-Yang , Yu Xiaoqing , Yu Chun-Chieh , Bonn Mischa , Nagata Yuki
Published: November 2022

Insights into the microscopic structure of aqueous interfaces are essential for understanding chemical and physical processes on the water surface, including chemical synthesis, atmospheric chemistry, and events in biomolecular systems. These aqueous interfaces have been probed by heterodyne-detected sum-frequency generation (HD-SFG) spectroscopy. To obtain the molecular response from the measured HD-SFG spectra , one needs to correct the measured ssp spectra for local electromagnetic field effects at the interface due to a spatially varying dielectric function. This so-called Fresnel factor correction can change the inferred response substantially, and different ways of performing this correction lead to different conclusions about the interfacial water response. Here, we compare simulated and experimental spectra at the air/water interface. We use three previously developed models to compare the experiment with theory: an advanced approach taking into account the detailed inhomogeneous interfacial dielectric profile, and the Lorentz and slab models two approximate the interfacial dielectric function. Using the advanced model, we obtain excellent quantitative agreement between theory and experiment, in both spectral shape and amplitude. Remarkably, we find that for the Fresnel factor correction of ssp spectra, the Lorentz model for the interfacial dielectric is equally accurate in the H-bonded region of the response, while the slab model underestimates this response significantly. The Lorentz model thus provides a straightforward method to obtain the molecular response from measured spectra of aqueous interfaces in the hydrogen-bonded region.
Asymmetric Access to Boryl-Substituted Vicinal Aminoalcohols through Cu-Catalyzed Reductive Coupling
Authors: Gargaro Samantha , Sieber Joshua
Published: November 2022

Important biologically active organic compounds such as natural products and pharmaceuticals often contain multiple oxygen and nitrogen heteroatoms within their carbon framework. Furthermore, chiral 1,2-aminoalcohol substitution patterns are often present in such compounds. As a result, efficient methods to access the 1,2-aminoalcohol motif while installing additional functionality for subsequent diversification in a stereoselective manner is highly desirable. Towards this end, we report a strategy based on Cu-catalyzed enantioselective borylative aminoallylation of aldehydes using a N-substituted allene to access boryl-substituted 1,2-aminoalcohol synthons for diversification to chiral heteroatom-rich organic compounds. The reported reaction provides access to several different substitution patterns of chiral 1,2-aminoalcohol products from the same readily available starting materials with high enantioselectivity (>95:5 er).
Stereodivergent, Multicomponent Metal-Catalyzed Couplings Generating Three Stereocenters: Combining Enantioselective Rh-Catalyzed Conjugate Addition and Ir-Catalyzed Allylic Alkylation
Authors: Qiqige Qiqige , Lundgren Rylan , Kong Duanyang
Published: November 2022

Stereodivergent dual catalysis has emerged as a powerful tool to selectively prepare all four stereoisomers in molecules containing two chiral centers from common starting materials. Most processes involve the use of two substrates, and it remains challenging to use dual catalyst approaches to generate molecules having three newly formed stereocenters with high diastereo- and enantioselectivity. Here we report a multicomponent, stereodivergent method for the synthesis of targets containing three contiguous stereocenters by the combination of enantioselective Rh-catalyzed conjugate addition and Ir-catalyzed allylic alkylation methodologies. Both cyclic and acyclic ,-unsaturated ketones undergo -arylation using aryl boron reagents to form an enolate nucleophile that can be subsequently allylated at the -position. The reactions proceed with generally >95% ee and with >90:10 dr. Epimerization at the -carbonyl center enables the preparation of any of the eight possible stereoisomers from common starting materials, as demonstrated for cyclohexanone products.
Visibility analysis of the urbanistic environmet as a constituent of the urbogeosystems approach
Authors: Kostrikov Sergiy , Serohin Denys , Berezhnoy Vitaliy
Published: November 2022

This paper recognizes the conceptual approach to the visual analysis of an urbogeosystem (VA UGS), which is within the Urban Studies domain. This approach stays within Human Geography frameworks and based on visibility estimation in the urbanistic environment (UE). The definition of UE is represented as a 3D-formalized model of an actual city environment (CE). In general, our work is a further development of the methodological urbogeosystem concept once introduced by one of this paper’s authors. This concept has been previously explained as a twofold functional entity, which is a base for delineation and analysis of the CE urbogeosystemic properties. The basic possibility of VA UGS has been explained as a possibility, that follows from the circumstance, according to which UE is a quasi-rasterized model of a continual nature of an actual city space and its key features. Then, this model of city continuality can be contrasted with the discrete nature of an urbogeosystem – a hierarchical aggregate of urban features. Exactly this contraposition (continuality versus discrete content) provides the basics for the visual analysis.

This research introduces the Visibility Hemisphere concept (VHC), what supposes those conditions of visibility, which do correspond to ambient optic array ones. The Line of Sight (LoS) has been represented as a significant VHC component. Transformation of 2D LoS into 3D-segment of Visibility Hemisphere has been briefly explained within the stereometric frameworks. A number of formalized parameters have been introduced on the base of VHC. Computation of these parameters is the first stage of VA UGS introduction. The introduced approach has been further implemented as the VA-functionality of a web-GIS-application and illustrated with a few interface samples. Visual analysis of Munster-city UGS (Germany) has been provided within this research as a use-case of three scenarios comparative estimation of urban environment developed changes. Possible negative visual impact has been evaluated for each of the scenarios.