bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Asplenioideae Species as a Reservoir of Volatile Organic Compounds with Potential Therapeutic Properties
Authors: Froissard Didier , Rapior Sylvie , Bessière Jean-Marie , Buatois Bruno , Fruchier Alain , Sol Vincent , Fons Françoise
Published: March 2019

Twelve French Asplenioideae ferns (genera Asplenium and subgenera Ceterach and Phyllitis) were investigated for the first time for volatile organic compounds (VOC) using GC-MS. Sixty-two VOC biosynthesized from the lipidic, shikimic, terpenic and carotenoid pathways were identified. Several VOC profiles can be highlighted from Asplenium jahandiezii and A.x alternifolium with exclusively lipidic derivatives to A. onopteris with an equal ratio of lipidic/shikimic compounds. Very few terpenes as caryophyllene derivatives were identified, but only in A. obovatum subsp. bilotii. The main odorous lipidic derivatives were ( E)-2-decenal (waxy and fatty odor), nonanal (aldehydic and waxy odor with a fresh green nuance), ( E)-2-heptenal (green odor with a fatty note) and 1-octen-3-ol (mushroom-like odor), reported for all species. A few VOC are present in several species in high content, i.e., 9-oxononanoic acid used as a precursor for biopolymers (19% in A. jahandiezii), 4-hydroxyacetophenone with a sweet and heavy floral odor (17.1% in A. onopteris), and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid used as a precursor in the synthesis of parabens (11.3% in A. foreziense). Most of the identified compounds have pharmacological activities, i.e., octanoic acid as antimicrobial, in particular against Salmonellas, with fatty and waxy odor (41.1% in A. petrarchae), tetradecanoic acid with trypanocidal activity (13.3% in A. obovatum subsp. bilotii), 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (8.7% in A. onopteris) with antimicrobial and anti-aging effects, 3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde as an inhibitor of growth of human cancer cells (6.7% in Ceterach officinarum), and phenylacetic acid with antifungal and antibacterial activities (5.8% in A. onopteris). Propionylfilicinic acid was identified in the twelve species. The broad spectrum of odorous and bioactive VOC identified from the Asplenium, Ceterach and Phyllitis species are indeed of great interest to the cosmetic and food industries.
Composition and Comprehensive Antioxidant Activity of Ginger (Zingiber officinale) Essential Oil from Ecuador
Authors: Höferl Martina , Stoilova Ivanka , Wanner Juergen , Schmidt Erich , Jirovetz Leopold , Trifonova Dora , Stanchev Veselin , Krastanov Albert
Published: March 2019

In the present study, the chemical composition and antioxidant potential of an essential oil of ginger rhizomes from Ecuador was elucidated. The analysis of the essential oil by GC/FID/MS resulted in identification of 71 compounds, of which the main are citral (geranial 10.5% and neral 9.1%), α-zingiberene (17.4%), camphene (7.8%), α-farnesene (6.8%) and β-sesquiphellandrene (6.7%). The in vitro antioxidant activity of the essential oil expressed by IC50 in descending order is: hydroxyl radical (OH•) scavenging (0.0065 μg/mL) > chelating capacity (0.822 μg/mL) > 2,2-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid radical cation (ABTS•+) scavenging (3.94 μg/mL) > xanthine oxidase inhibition (138.0 μg/mL) > oxygen radical (CV) scavenging (404.0 μg/mL) > 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH•) scavenging (675 μg/mL). Lipid peroxidation inhibition of the essential oil was less efficient than butylhydroxy-toluol (BHT) in both stages, i.e. hydroperoxide and malondialdehyde formation. In vivo studies in Saccharomyces cerevisiae demonstrated a significant dose-dependent increase in antioxidant marker enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), blocking the oxidation processes in yeast cells. Moreover, ginger essential oil in concentrations of 1.6 mg/mL increases the viability of cells to oxidative stress induced by H2O2.
Two New Compounds from Hedyotis lindleyana
Authors: Kim Tuyen Pham Nguyen , Mai Tram Phan Thi , Phi Phung Nguyen Kim
Published: March 2019

One new sodium salt of an iridoid acid, sodium 6- O-methyldeacetylasperulosidate (1) and one new heterocyclic compound, 1,3,6-trimethylpyrano[2,3- d]imidazole-2,5(1 H,3 H)-dione (2) were isolated from Hedyotis lindleyana Hook. (Rubiaceae), together with seven known compounds, oleanolic acid (3), ursolic acid (4), teneoside D (5), 6 β-hydroxygeniposide (6), deacetylasperulosidic acid sodium salt (7), liquiritin (8), and 3,3′,4′-tri- O-methylellagic acid (9). The structures were established by spectroscopic (1D, 2D NMR) and HR-ESI-MS analysis, as well as by comparison with data reported in the literature.
Trocheliolide A, a Hydroperoxycembranoidal Diterpene from the Octocoral Sarcophyton trocheliophorum
Authors: Liu Kuan-Ming , Cheng Ching-Hsiao , Chen Wu-Fu , Lu Mei-Chin , Fang Lee-Shing , Wen Zhi-Hong , Su Jui-Hsin , Wu Yang-Chang , Sung Ping-Jyun
Published: March 2019

A new hydroperoxycembranoidal diterpene, trocheliolide A (1), was isolated from the octocoral Sarcophyton trocheliophorum. The structure of 1 was elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic and mass spectrometric methods.
Cytotoxic and Antimalarial Alkaloids from the Twigs of Dasymaschalon obtusipetalum
Authors: Jaidee Atchara , Promchai Thanika , Trisuwan Kongkiat , Laphookhieo Surat , Rattanajak Roonglawan , Kamchonwongpaisan Sumalee , Pyne Stephen G. , Ritthiwigrom Thunwadee
Published: March 2019

One new p-quinonoid aporphine alkaloid, obtusipetadione (1), and eleven known compounds (2–12) were isolated from the acetone extract of the twigs of Dasymaschalon obtusipetalum. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods. The cytotoxic and antimalarial activities of the isolated compounds were evaluated. Compound 1 showed significant in vitro antiplasmodial activity against the P. falciparum strains TM4 and K1 (multidrug resistant strain) with IC50 values of 2.46±0.12 and 1.38±0.99 μg/mL, respectively with no cytotoxicity. Compound 9 had more modest antiplasmodial activity, but significant cytotoxicity.
Effects of Increasing Doses of UV-B on Main Phenolic Acids Content, Antioxidant Activity and Estimated Biomass in Lavandin (Lavandula x intermedia)
Authors: Usano-Alemany Jaime , Panjai Lachinee
Published: March 2019

Lavandin is a well-known aromatic plant cultivated mainly for its valuable essential oil. Nonetheless, little attention has been paid so far to the quantification of other natural products such as polyphenols. Accordingly, we examined the effect of increasing doses of UV-B radiation on the main phenolic content, antioxidant activity and estimated biomass of one year old lavandin pots compared with pots grown outdoors. Significantly higher total phenolic content and concentration of main polyphenols have been found in outdoor plants. Rosmarinic acid has been described as the major phenolic compound in methanolic extracts (max. 25.9±9.7 mg/g−1 DW). Furthermore, we found that increasing doses of UV-B promote the plant growth of this species as well as the accumulation of phenolic compounds although with less antioxidant capacity in scavenging DPPH radicals. On the other hand, our results showed a remarkable variability among individual plants regarding the content of major phenolic acids. The application of UV-B doses during plant growth could be a method to promote biomass in this species along with the promotion of higher content of valuable secondary metabolites.
Chemical Composition of the Same Brazilian Propolis Sample Analyzed in 1997 and in 2012: No Freezing Effect
Authors: Conti Bruno José , Bankova Vassya , Sforcin José Maurício
Published: March 2019

The same propolis sample that was analyzed by GC-MS in 1997 and 2012 was examined again after being frozen for 15 years. No qualitative changes were seen in its composition; artepilin C, prenyl- p-coumaric acid, dihydrocinnamic acid, caffeic acid were the major compounds.
The Use of Cissus quadrangularis (CQR-300) in the Management of Components of Metabolic Syndrome in Overweight and Obese Participants
Authors: Kuate Dieudonne , Nash Robert J. , Bartholomew Barbara , Penkova Yana
Published: March 2019

We have previously reported a wide range of components from Cissus quadrangularis with in vitro effects on lipases and glycosidases. We now report that a preparation of the plant (CQR-300) administered at 300 mg daily was effective in reducing weight, as well as improving blood parameters associated with metabolic syndrome, as well as serotonin levels in obese and overweight individuals.
Chemical Compositions and Biological Activities of Essential Oils of Beilschmiedia glabra
Authors: Salleh Wan Mohd Nuzul Hakimi Wan , Ahmad Farediah , Yen Khong Heng , Zulkifli Razauden Mohamed
Published: March 2019

This study was designed to examine the chemical compositions of essential oils from Beilschmiedia glabra and their antioxidant, antimicrobial, antityrosinase, acetylcholinesterase and anti-inflammatory activities. In total, 47 components were identified in the essential oils, which made up 86.8% and 89.7% of the leaf and bark oils, respectively. The leaf oil is composed mainly of β-eudesmol (15.4%), β-selinene (12.2%), caryophyllene oxide (8.1%) and γ-gurjunene (5.2%), while the bark oil contains high percentages of β-eudesmol (19.3%), β-selinene (16.9%), δ-cadinene (15.8%), germacrene D (9.8%) and β-caryophyllene (5.5%). Antioxidant activity showed that the leaf oil has the highest phenolic content at 233.4 mg GA/g, while the bark oil showed potent activity in the β-carotene/linoleic acid bleaching assay. However, both oils showed weak activity in the DPPH and ABTS assays. For antimicrobial activity, the leaf and bark oils displayed strong activity against Candida glabrata and Saccharomyces cerevisiae with MIC values of 31.3 and 62.5 μg/mL, respectively. Percentage inhibitions against tyrosinase (leaf 73.7%; bark 76.0%) and acetylcholinesterase (leaf 48.1%; bark 45.2%) were tested at a concentration of 1 mg/mL, while anti-inflammatory activity (leaf 59.7%; bark 48.9%) was evaluated at a concentration of 100 μM. Evaluation of these assays indicated moderate levels of activity.
GC/MS Analysis of the Essential Oil of Vernonia cinerea
Authors: Joshi Rajesh K.
Published: March 2019

The hydro-distilled essential oil obtained from the roots of V. cinerea Less. (Asteraceae) was investigated by gas chromatography equipped with flame ionization detector (GC-FID) and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Twenty-five constituents were identified, which represented 97.4% of the total oil. The major compounds were α-muurolene (30.7%), β-caryophyllene (9.6%), α-selinene (8.7%), cyperene (6.7%) and α-gurjunene (6.5%). The essential oil was dominated by sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (87.8%).
Essential Oil Composition of Summer and Winter Foliage of Chiliadenus bocconei
Authors: Buhagiar Joseph A. , Camilleri–Podestà Maria T. , Cioni Pierluigi , Flamini Guido , Pistelli Luisa
Published: March 2019

The composition of the essential oil (EO) obtained from dry leaves of Chiliadenus bocconei Brullo (Asteraceae subfam. Inulae), a Maltese endemic aromatic plant, collected in two different seasons, was evaluated in this work. The main EO components identified in the summer foliage were camphor (25.6%), borneol (27.1%) and τ-cadinol (13.9%). In the winter foliage τ-cadinol was the most represented compound (59.5%), followed by camphor (13.1). A comparison is also made between the EO composition of the two samples of C. bocconei and the EO obtained from different aerial parts of C. lopadusanus, an endemic plant of Lampedusa Island, another Mediterranean Island.
Isolation of Monovalerianester A, an Inhibitor of Fat Accumulation, from Valeriana Fauriei
Authors: Yuki Keiji , Ikeda Mariko , Yoshida Shosuke , Ohno Osamu , Suenaga Kiyotake , Yamada Kaoru , Uemura Daisuke , Miyamoto Kenji
Published: March 2019

The rhizomes and roots of Valeriana fauriei were extracted with 80% aqueous ethanol. This extract was found to exhibit potent inhibitory effects on fat accumulation in 3T3-L1 murine adipocytes. After several steps of chromatographic purification, we succeeded in identifying monovalerianester A as an inhibitor of fat accumulation. Thus, monovalerianester A and the crude extract of the rhizomes and roots of V. fauriei may have therapeutic potential for the treatment of obesity.
Arthropod Deterrents from Artemisia Pallens (Davana Oil) Components
Authors: Bhagavathy Ganga V. , Nieves Glory M Velazquez , Webb Meiling Z. , Chauhan Kamlesh R.
Published: March 2019

Davanone, a key sesquiterpene component of davana oil, has been synthesized in five convenient steps. Oxygenated sesquiterpenes have been linked to insect deterrent properties. Based on initial screening of davana oil, davanone and its hydroxy precursors have been generated and are being evaluated as arthropod deterrents against disease vectors.
Effects of Thymoquinone on the Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Glibenclamide in a Rat Model
Authors: Ahmad Ajaz , Khan Rao Muzaffar A. , Alkharfy Khalid M. , Raish Mohammad , Al-Jenoobi Fahad I. , Al-Mohizea Abdullah M.
Published: March 2019

Glibenclamide and thymoquinone plasma concentrations were analysed using a sensitive RP-HPLC method, and non-compartmental model pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated. The maximum reduction in blood glucose level was observed 3 hours following glibenclamide administration, which reached 47.4% of baseline, whereas it was reduced by 53.0% to 56.2% when co-administrated with thymoquinone. Plasma concentration of glibenclamide was increased by 13.4% and 21.8% by the co-administration of thymoquinone as single and multiple doses, respectively ( P<0.05). The AUC and T1/2 of glibenclamide were also increased respectively by 32.0% and 17.4% with a thymoquinone single dose, and by 52.5% and 92.8% after chronic treatment. Furthermore, diabetic rats treated with thymoquinone demonstrated a marked decrease in hepatic protein expressions of CYP3A2 and CYP2C11 enzymes that are responsible for the metabolism of glibenclamide. The current data suggest that thymoquinone exhibits a synergistic effect with glibenclamide on glucose level, which could be explained by reducing CYP450 activity at the protein level.
Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Compounds in Nutmeg (Myristica Fragrans) Pericarp as Determined by in vitro Assays
Authors: Zhang Chuan-Rui , Jayashree Ettannil , Kumar Paramasivam Suresh , Nair Muraleedharan G.
Published: March 2019

Nutmeg, Myristica fragrans, is known for its culinary and medicinal values. The nutmeg pericarp, abundant during the production of the seed, is also used in food and beverage preparations. In this study, the pericarp of M. fragrans was evaluated for its bioactive components using in vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory assays. The hexane, ethyl acetate and methanolic extracts inhibited lipid peroxidation (LPO) by 82.5, 70.1 and 73.2%, and cyclooxygenase enzymes COX-1 by 44, 44 and 42% and COX-2 by 47, 41 and 36%, respectively, at 100 μg/mL. The bioassay-guided purifications of extracts yielded 20 compounds belonged to neolignans (0.13%), phenylpropanoids (0.28%), phenolic aldehyde (0.35%), triterpenoids (0.06%), triglycerides (0.20%), sugars (10.2%) and steroids (0.49%). Pure isolates 1–5 inhibited LPO by 70–99% and 3–12 inhibited COX-1 and -2 enzymes by 37–49%. This is the first report on the bioassay-guided characterization of constituents in nutmeg pericarp. Our results support the medicinal claims of nutmeg pericarp.
Bioactivity-guided Separation of the Active Compounds in Acacia Pennata Responsible for the Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Lomarat Pattamapan , Chancharunee Sirirat , Anantachoke Natthinee , Kitphati Worawan , Sripha Kittisak , Bunyapraphatsara Nuntavan
Published: March 2019

The objective of this study was to evaluate the health benefits of plants used in Thai food, specifically Acacia pennata Willd., in Alzheimer's prevention. A. pennata twigs strongly inhibited β-amyloid aggregation. Bioactivity-guided separation of the active fractions yielded six known compounds, tetracosane (1), 1-(heptyloxy)-octadecane (2), methyl tridecanoate (3), arborinone (4), confertamide A (5) and 4-hydroxy-1-methyl-pyrrolidin-2-carboxylic acid (6). The structures were determined by spectroscopic analysis. Biological testing revealed that tetracosane (1) was the most potent inhibitor of β-amyloid aggregation, followed by 1-(heptyloxy)-octadecane (2) with IC50 values of 0.4 and 12.3 μM. Methyl tridecanoate (3), arborinone (4) and 4-hydroxy-1-methyl-pyrrolidin-2-carboxylic acid (6) moderately inhibited β-amyloid aggregation. In addition, tetracosane (1) and methyl tridecanoate (3) weakly inhibited acetylcholinesterase (AChE). These results suggested that the effect of A pennata on Alzheimer's disease was likely due to the inhibition of β-amyloid aggregation. Thus A. pennata may be beneficial for Alzheimer's prevention.
Composition and Bioactivities of an (E)-β-Farnesene Chemotype of Chamomile (Matricaria Chamomilla) Essential Oil from Nepal
Authors: Satyal Prabodh , Shrestha Samon , Setzer William N.
Published: March 2019

The essential oil of Matricaria chamomilla, collected from Nepal, was obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatography – mass spectrometry. The major components in Nepalese chamomile oil were ( E)-β-farnesene (42.2%), α-bisabolol oxide A (22.3%), ( E,E)-α-farnesene (8.3%), cis-bicycloether (5.0%), α-bisabolol oxide B (4.5%), and α-bisabolone oxide A (4.0%). A cluster analysis based on the chemical compositions of 48 samples of chamomile oil reported in the literature has revealed seven chemotypes, and the oil from Nepal represents the ( E)-β-farnesene chemotype. The chamomile oil was screened for antimicrobial activity against Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans, and Aspergillus niger, and toxicity toward MCF-7 breast tumor cells, Artemia salina, Chaoborus plumicornis, Caenorhabditis elegans, and Drosophila melanogaster.
Inhibitory Effects of seco-Triterpenoids from Acanthopanax sessiliflorus Fruits on HUVEC Invasion and ACE Activity
Authors: Lee Jin-Won , Baek Nam-In , Lee Dae-Young
Published: March 2019

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of the crude extract from Acanthopanax sessiliflorus fruits and the isolated seco-triterpenoids from the crude extract on blood flow in human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) invasion assay and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity assay. On the basis of DMSO, the extent of HUVECs'invasion was remarkably decreased with crude extract concentrations of 400 and 1000 μg/mL. Additionally, the extent of the HUVEC invasion inhibitory effect in 400 and 1000 μg/mL of acanthosessilioside F were 55.8% and 72.4%, respectively. In addition, the maximum extent of the HUVEC invasion inhibitory effect of 22-α-hydroxychiisanoside was 88.9%. The IC50 value of the inhibitory effect on ACE activity in the crude extract was 4 μg/mL. The isolated seco-triterpenoids, 22α-hydroxychiisanogenin, 3,4- seco-lupan-20(30)-en-3,28-dioic acid, (1 R)-1,4-epoxy-11α,22α-hydroxy-3,4- seco-lupan-20(30)-en-3,28-dioicacid, (+)-divaroside, and chiisanosidehad showed very high inhibitory effects on ACE activity, ranging from 1.8 to 2.9 üg/mL, which is much higher than the 150.0 üg/mL effect of aspirin. These results suggest that the crude extract from Acanthopanax sessiliflorus fruits and the isolated seco-triterpenoids from the crude extract enhance the blood flow effect by decreasing ACE activity.
A New Cucurbitane Glycoside from Siraitia grosvenorii
Authors: Chaturvedula Venkata Sai Prakash , Meneni Srinivasa Rao
Published: March 2019

A systematic phytochemical study of the commercial extract of Luo Han Guo ( Siraitia grosvenorii) resulted in the isolation of an additional minor new cucurbitane glycoside, mogroside V A1 (1). The structure of the new compound was characterized on the basis of 1D (1H and 13C NMR) and 2D (COSY, HMQC, HMBC and NOESY) NMR and high resolution mass spectral (HRMS) data, as well as hydrolysis studies.
Anti-inflammatory Steroidal Alkaloids from Sarcococca wallichii of Nepalese Origin
Authors: Adhikari Achyut , Vohra M. Ismail , Jabeen Almas , Dastagir Nida , Choudhary M. Iqbal
Published: March 2019

Bio-assay guided isolation from the plant Sarcococca wallichii Staph. yielded two new steroidal alkaloids: wallichimine A (1) and wallichimine B (2), and five known ones: sarcodinine (3), N-methylpachysamine A (4), alkaloid C (5), dictyophlebine (6), and sarcorine (7). The structures of the compounds were determined using mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy techniques. The immunomodulatory potential of compounds was evaluated on different parameters including production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO) and on proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α. All compounds were found to be potent inhibitors of intracellular ROS produced from isolated neutrophils, except compound 5, which showed a moderate level of inhibition. Compounds 2 and 4 potently inhibited the production of NO (67.9% and 62.5% respectively). Compound 2 showed potent suppression on production of proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α (76.7%). Among all the tested compounds the new compound 2 was found to be the most potent immunosuppressive agent. This study shows that steroidal alkaloids could be lead compounds for anti-inflammatory drug discovery.
Effects of Berberine on Adipose Tissues and Kidney Function in 3T3-L1 Cells and Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats
Authors: Kishimoto Aya , Dong Shi-fen , Negishi Hiroko , Yasui Naomi , Sun Jian-ning , Ikeda Katsumi
Published: March 2019

We aimed to investigate the effect of berberine on adipose tissues, as well as its effect on renal injury in 3T3-L1 cells and spontaneously hypertensive rats. 3T3-L1 cells were cultured and treated with berberine (5–20 μM) from days 3 to 8. Berberine added to the cultured medium could significantly down-regulate transcription factors, including CCAAT/enhancer binding protein β, CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, and suppress peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor target genes, such as adipocyte fatty acid binding protein and fatty acid synthase, and inhibit 3T3-L1 fibroblast differentiation to adipocytes. Male spontaneously hypertensive rats received either 150 mg/day of berberine or saline orally for 8 weeks. Compared with the control, berberine-treated rats exhibited significant reductions in body weight gain ( p<0.05), as well as retroperitoneal and mesenteric adipose tissues ( p<0.05). Berberine-treated rats significantly decreased urinary albumin excretion, a marker of renal injury ( p<0.05). Long-term treatment with berberine decreased the adipose tissues weight and attenuated renal injury in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Based on these results, berberine has an important role in regulating adipose tissues. These results suggest the protective effect of berberine on metabolic syndrome related diseases, such as renal injury.
A New Terminal Cyano Group-containing Benzodiazepine Alkaloid from the Mangrove Endophytic Fungus Penicillium sp
Authors: Li Jing , Zhong Yi-sheng , Yuan Jie , Zhu Xun , Lu Yong-jun , Lin Yong-cheng , Liu Lan
Published: March 2019

A new benzodiazepine alkaloid containing terminal cyano group has been isolated from a mangrove endophytic fungus, Penicillium 299#. Structure elucidation was determined by 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy and the absolute configuration was determined by electronic circular dichroism (ECD). The new compound showed no cytotoxic activities in vitro against human cancer lines MDA-MB-435, HepG2, HCT-116, and Calu-3.
Tetramethylpyrazine from Pleurotus geesteranus
Authors: Shen Hengsheng , Liu Huaizhi , Chen Junchen , Shao Suqin , Zhu Honghui , Tsao Rong , Zhou Ting
Published: March 2019

For the first time, the bioactive compound tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) was isolated and identified from the culture of Pleurotus geesteranus Singer. Its identification was confirmed unambiguously by identical retention time and mass spectrum to those of a TMP standard. The TMP content in P. geesteranus from solid culture was up to 8.04 g.kg−1ds. This finding provides a novel natural way to produce TMP and will lead to new value added mushroom products with nutraceutical functions.
Synthesis and Antiviral Activity of Quercetin Brominated Derivatives
Authors: Karimova Elza , Baltina Lidia , Spirikhin Leonid , Gabbasov Tagir , Orshanskaya Yana , Zarubaev Vladimir
Published: March 2019

Reaction of quercetin (QR) (1) with bromine under various conditions was studied. Interaction of QR with 2–3 equiv. of bromine in glacial acetic acid at 35–40°C for 2–4 h and 20–22°C for 24 h led to the formation of QR 6,8-dibromide (2) (52–54% yields, 96–98% purity by HPLC). Interaction of QR with 2–5 equiv. bromine in absolute ethanol at 0–5°C and 20–22°C for 24 h led to the formation of 3- O-ethyl-QR-2,3,6,8,5′-pentabromide (3) (95–97% purity by HPLC) the output of which depends on the quantity of bromine. It was shown in MDCK cell culture that compound 2 exhibits a moderate inhibitory activity against pandemic influenza virus A/H1N1/pdm09 (EC50 6.0 μg/mL, CTD50 97.7 μg/mL, SI 16). Compound 3 was inactive.
Potential of Horse Apple Isoflavones in Targeting Inflammation and Tau Protein Fibrillization
Authors: Abourashed Ehab A. , Abraha Aida , Khan Shabana I. , McCants Tanika , Awan Saad
Published: March 2019

In our ongoing search for anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective agents of natural origin, the total methanolic extract (MPE) of horse apple (Maclura pomifera) and its two major prenylated isoflavones, osajin (OSA) and pomiferin (POM), were evaluated in vitro for their ability to affect four mediators of inflammation and to inhibit tau protein fibrillization. The two isoflavones were effective in enhancing the activity of NSAID activated gene (NAG-1) at 2.5 μg/mL (1.5 – 1.8 fold increase) and inhibiting iNOS and NF-κB activity with IC50 values in the range of 6 – 13 μg/mL. Pomiferin also inhibited intracellular oxidative stress with IC50 of 3.3 μg/mL, while osajin did not show any effect. The extract activated NAG-1 and inhibited iNOS and oxidative stress without affecting NF-κB. As observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), MPE, OSA and POM also inhibited arachidonic acid-induced tau fibrillization in a concentration-dependent manner.
Siomycin A Induces Apoptosis in Human Lung Adenocarcinoma A549 Cells by Suppressing the Expression of FoxM1
Authors: Guo Xuedan , Liu Aiping , Hua Hongxia , Lu Huifen , Zhang Dandan , Lin Yina , Sun Qing , Zhu Xue , Yan Guoxin , Zhao Fan
Published: March 2019

Forkhead box M1 (FoxM1), a transcription factor of the Forkhead family, is demonstrated to be critical for proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion of lung cancer. In this study, we extensively investigated the anticancer effect of siomycin A, which was identified as an inhibitor of FoxM1 transcriptional activity, on human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells. Our study indicated that treatment with siomycin A resulted in the suppression of FoxM1 expression, which consequently contributed to its effect of cell growth inhibition and cell apoptosis induction in A549 cells. Then the molecular mechanism of siomycin A's apoptotic action on A549 cells was further investigated. The results revealed that siomycin A induced apoptosis by influencing the downstream events of FoxM1, including inhibiting the expression of Bcl-2 and Mcl-1, as well as leading to caspase-3 cleavage. Taken together, our findings may be useful for understanding the mechanism of action of siomycin A on lung cancer cells and provide new insights into the possible application of such a compound in lung cancer therapy in the future.
Simultaneous Determination of Essential Oil Components and Fatty Acids in Fennel using Gas Chromatography with a Polar Capillary Column
Authors: Najdoska-Bogdanov Menče , Bogdanov Jane B. , Stefova Marina
Published: March 2019

Cultivated and wild growing samples of fennel ( Foeniculum vulgare Mill., Apiaceae) from R. Macedonia were studied for their volatiles and fatty acid composition. The main essential oil components isolated via hydrodistillation were: trans-anethole (>80%), estragole (<6%), limonene (<6%), anisaldehyde (<1%) and 0.5 % fenchone. An alternative method for characterization of both the non-polar volatile and non volatile fractions was developed using n-hexane and dichloromethane (3:1, v/v) in a Soxhlet extraction followed by transesterification. The obtained extracts were then characterized and the dominant fatty acid was 18:1 (petroselinic and oleic acid) 75.0–82.8 %, followed by 18:2 (linoleic acid) 10.8–16.2% and other fatty acids: palmitic (4.3–6.9%), stearic (1.2–1.7%) and myristic (0–2.9%). The results for the volatile fraction after Soxhlet extraction and transesterification did not significantly differ from results obtained after hydrodistillation, especially for the main components ( trans-anethole, estragole, fenchone and limonene), implying that the developed method can be used for simultaneous determination of volatiles and fatty acids.
Chemical Constituents and Activity of Murraya microphylla Essential Oil against Lasioderma serricorne
Authors: You Chun-Xue , Guo Shan-Shan , Zhang Wen-Juan , Yang Kai , Wang Cheng-Fang , Geng Zhu-Feng , Du Shu-Shan , Deng Zhi-Wei , Wang Yong-Yan
Published: March 2019

The chemical composition, contact and repellent activities of the essential oil from Murraya microphylla branches and leaves against Lasioderma serricorne adults were determined and six compounds from the essential oil were isolated as well. The essential oil of M. microphylla obtained by hydrodistillation was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometric (GC-MS) analysis; 22 compounds were identified. The main constituents of the essential oil included β-caryophyllene (18.0%), α-pinene (13.8%), spathulenol (9.5%), α-humulene (6.0%), γ-elemene (5.1%) and zingiberene (4.6%), followed by α-cadinol (3.9%) and caryophyllene oxide (3.8%). Six of these compounds were isolated and fully identified as α-pinene, β-caryophyllene, α-humulene, caryophyllene oxide, spathulenol and α-cadinol. L. serricorne adults had different sensitivities to the crude essential oil and isolated compounds. α-Humulene exhibited the strongest contact activity against L. serricorne, showing an LD50 value of 13.1 μg adult−1. However, spathulenol, the crude essential oil and α-cadinol showed stronger contact activity against L. serricorne than caryophyllene oxide and β-caryophyllene. The essential oil, α-humulene and spathulenol showed comparable repellency against L. serricorne adults at 2 h after exposure, relative to the positive control, DEET. The results demonstrate that the essential oil and isolated compounds exhibited important contact and repellent activities against L. serricorne. Thus, they could become potential natural insecticides or repellents for control of insects in stored products.
Two New Cyclic Depsipeptides from the Endophytic Fungus Fusarium sp
Authors: Lv Fang , Daletos Georgios , Lin Wenhan , Proksch Peter
Published: March 2019

Two new cyclic depsipeptides, W493 C (1) and D (2), along with two known derivatives W493 A (3) and B (4) were obtained from the endophytic fungus Fusarium sp. isolated from the Mangrove plant Ceriops tagal. The structures of the new compounds were determined on the basis of one- and two dimensional NMR and high-resolution mass spectroscopic data. The absolute configurations of the amino acid residues of 1 and 2 were confirmed by application of Marfey's method. W493 A (3) and B (4) exhibited moderate activity against the fungus Cladosporium cladosporiodes and weak antitumor activity against the human ovarian cancer cell line A2780.
Anti-diabetic Effect of FriedelanTriterpenoids in Streptozotocin Induced Diabetic Rat
Authors: Mandal Amitava , Das Vaskar , Ghosh Pranab , Ghosh Shilpi
Published: March 2019

We herein report the anti-diabetic effect of the natural friedelan tritepenoid, 4-oxa-3, 4-secofriedelan (cerin), isolated from cork tissue of Quercus suber L. and its oxygenated derivative, 4-oxa-3, 4-secofriedelan-3-oic acid (cerinox) in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rat. Male Sprague Dawley rats were randomized into four groups: non-diabetic control (Group I), STZ-induced diabetic rats (Group II), STZ-induced diabetic rats treated with cerin (Group III), and STZ-induced diabetic rats treated with cerinox (Group IV). Administration of cerin (3mg/kg) and cerinox (3mg/kg) orally to STZ-diabetic rats for three weeks improved the body weight, reduced serum glucose level and activities of alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase and glutamate-pyruvate transaminase, and restored liver antioxidant status.
The Influence of Cultivars and Phenological Phases on the Accumulation of Nevadensin and Salvigenin in Basil {Ocimum basilicum)
Authors: Bernhardt Botond , Bernáth Jenő , Gere Attila , Kókai Zoltán , Komáromi Bonifác , Tavaszi-Sarosia Szilvia , Varga László , Sipos László , Szabó Krisztina
Published: March 2019

According to the earlier literature the optimum harvest time for basil is at the full flowering stage if accumulation of essential oil is taken into account. In this research we have investigated our gene-bank stored basil accessions to determine whether the harvest timing is variety specific or not considering their flavonoid accumulation pattern. In our work we have determined by HPLC the content of two main flavonoid compounds, salvigenin and nevadensin, of eight different gene bank accessions from 2013 of Ocimum basilicum L. Data were analysed with the nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis test. Multiple pairwise comparisons were made using the Conover-Iman procedure where the significance level was 5%. We have observed that the optimum harvest time is at the full flowering stage in the case of accessions ‘Genovese’ and ‘Piros’, but this was not verified for the others. The result of our experiment has shown that the maximum salvigenin and nevadensin content was detected both at the full- and early flowering period. Almost in all phenological phases the accession ‘M. Grimes’ accumulated the highest level of nevadensin, while accession ‘Lengyel’ produced the lowest results in all phenological phases. Generally it could be observed that compared with nevadensin more salvigenin is accumulated, and it is independent of the phenological phases. In the case of salvigenin, ‘M. Grimes’ accession produced the largest quantity and accession ‘Dark Opal’ showed the lowest values. Our analyses demonstrated that harvest at different phenological phases may result in different amounts of active agents according to the cultivar.
Secondary Metabolites of Alchemilla persica Growing in Iran (East Azarbaijan)
Authors: Afshar Fariba Heshmati , Maggi Filippo , Ferrari Sara , Peron Gregorio , Acqua Stefano Dall
Published: March 2019

Phytochemical investigations of Alchemilla persica Rothm. growing in Iran were performed taking into account both the volatile and polar constituents. The hydrodistilled essential oil was analysed by GC-MS that revealed the presence of alkanes (27.8%), diterpenoids (19.6 %) and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (17.1%) as the major constituents, while tannins and flavonol glycosides were identified as the most abundant constituents of the methanol extract by HPLC-MS. A. persica can be a valuable source of ellagitannins and polyphenols.
A Novel Ellagic Acid Derivative from Desbordesia glaucescens
Authors: DongmoMafodong Faustine L. , Tsopmo Apollinaire , Awouafack Maurice D. , Roland Tchuenguem T. , Dzoyem Jean P. , Tane Pierre
Published: March 2019

One novel ellagic acid derivative, desglauside (1), was isolated from the leaves of Desbordesia glaucescens together with three known compounds [3 ’,4′-di-O-methylellagic acid (2), oleanolic acid (3) and β-sitosterol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (4)]. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of NMR spectroscopic and MS analysis, and by comparison with related published data. The crude extract, fractions and isolated compounds showed no activity against four yeast strains [Candida albicans (ATCC 9002), C. parapsilopsis (ATCC22019), C. tropicalis (ATCC750), Cryptococcus neoformans (IP95026) and one isolate of Candida guilliermondii].
Sesquiterpenes from Essential Oils and Anti-Inflammatory Activity
Authors: de Cássia Da Silveira e Sá Rita , Andrade Luciana Nalone , De Sousa Damião Pergentino
Published: March 2019

This review is aimed at presenting relevant information on the therapeutic potential of essential oil sesquiterpenes with anti-inflammatory activity. The data reviewed provide a basis for seeking new anti-inflammatory drugs from natural products that do not exhibit the undesirable side effects often displayed by anti-inflammatory drugs. In this review the experimental models, possible mechanisms of action, and chemical structures of 12 sesquiterpenes are presented.
Antimicrobial Activity of neo-Clerodane Diterpenoids isolated from Lamiaceae Species against Pathogenic and Food Spoilage Microorganisms
Authors: Bozov Petko , Girova Tania , Prisadova Natalia , Hristova Yana , Gochev Velizar
Published: March 2019

Antimicrobial activity of nineteen neo-clerodane diterpenoids, isolated from the acetone extracts of the aerial parts of Scutellaria and Salvia species (Lamiaceae) were tested against thirteen strains belonging to nine different species of pathogenic and food spoilage bacteria Aeromonas hydrophila, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, Proteus vulgaris, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Salmonella abony and Staphylococcus aureus as well as against two yeast strains belonging to species Candida albicans. Seven of the evaluated compounds scutalpin A, scutalpin E, scutalpin F, salviarin, splenolide A, splenolide B and splendidin demonstrated antimicrobial activity against used test microbial strains, the rest of the compounds were inactive within the studied concentration range. Among all of the tested compounds the highest antimicrobial activity was detected for scutalpin A against Staphylococcus aureus (MIC 25 μg/mL).
Reactive Nitrogen Species Scavenging Capacity of Aqueous and Ethanolic Extracts from Galinsoga parviflora and G. quadriradiata Herbs
Authors: Rogowska Marta , Srečec Siniša , Bazylko Agnieszka
Published: March 2019

The aim of the study was to determine the scavenging capacity of aqueous and ethanolic extracts derived from the herb of two species of Galinsoga against NO and ONOO-. In both tests the aqueous extracts of both Galinsoga species were more active than the ethanolic extracts. The highest scavenging activity against NO, and also against ONOO- was shown by G. quadriradiata aqueous extract (SC50±SD=1.54±0.32, and 2.10±1.98, respectively). The study showed that the activity of the extracts from both Galinsoga species is related not only to the presence of flavonoids but also to caffeic acid derivatives and caffeic acid. The results of this study partly explain the beneficial effects of Galinsoga herb extracts in the treatment of skin diseases.
Renoprotective Effects, Protein Thiols and Liver Glycogen Content of Alloxan-induced Diabetic Rats Treated with Different Fractions of Heartwood of Pterocarpus marsupium
Authors: Bhat Vinutha , Nayak B Shivananda
Published: March 2019

Oxidative stress is believed to be a pathogenic factor in the development of diabetic complications. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of different fractions of heart wood of Pterocarpus marsupium on antioxidant enzyme like protein thiols and also check the efficacy of the extract for the protection of the renal function in alloxan induced diabetic rats. The present study also investigates the levels of liver glycogen which are considered as the best biomarker for assaying the hypoglycemic activity of any drug. Diabetes was induced by administering alloxan dissolved in saline, while the normal control group was given propylene glycol. Diabetes induced animals were randomly assigned into different groups. Blood samples were collected from all the experimental and control groups. Estimation of urea, uric acid and creatinine along with protein thiols was made on day 30 only. At the end, all the animals were sacrificed to collect liver tissue to analyze glycogen content. The 30 days treatment with various extracts (75 mg/kg body wt) significantly lowered protein thiol levels, which probably represents increased utilization for neutralizing free radicals. There was no significant increase in the levels of renal parameters in the extract treated groups which revealed that the employed dose of the extract is nontoxic to the kidney. There was also a significant decrease in the glycogen content in insulin and alcohol-extract treated groups and should be encouraging for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. The extract showed a promising antioxidant effect, as well as hypoglycemic activity, and should be encouraged for the treatment of diabetes.
General Characteristics, Phytochemistry and Pharmacognosy of Lippia sidoides
Authors: Guimarães Luiz Gustavo de L. , da Silva Maria Laura M. , Reis Paula Campos J. , Costa Maria Tereza R. , Alves Lívia L.
Published: March 2019

Lippia sidoides Cham. is a plant that belongs to the family Verbenaceae and is commonly known as “alecrim-pimenta”. It was first found in northeastern Brazil, where it is extensively used in traditional medicine. Many studies have been made with the essential oil of L. sidoides, which has a high content of the isomeric compounds thymol and carvacrol. L. sidoides extracts, and particularly the essential oil extracted from its aerial parts, have shown many biological activities such as antifungal, antibacterial, and insecticidal. Given the great biological potentialities of L. sidoides and the amount of recent studies about this plant, the present study aimed to make a survey of its general attributes, cultivation methods, chemical characterization of its extracts and essential oil, as well as its different biological activities.
A New Cytotoxic Gymnomitrane Sesquiterpene from Ganoderma lucidum Fruiting Bodies
Authors: Binh Pham Thanh , Descoutures Dimitri , Dang Nguyen Hai , Dai Nguyen Nguyen Phuong , Dat Nguyen Tien
Published: March 2019

A new gymnomitrane-type sesquiterpenoid, gymnomitrane-3α,5α,9β,15-tetrol(1), was isolated from the fruiting body of Ganoderma lucidum. Its structure was elucidated using spectroscopic methods. This compound significantly inhibited the growth of epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor EGFR-TKI-resistant human lung cancer A549 and human prostate cancer PC3 cell lines.
A Novel Norclerodane Diterpenoid from the Roots of Croton crassifolius
Authors: Zhang Zhan-Xin , Li Hui-Hong , Fan Gai-Xia , Li Zheng-Yu , Dong Le-Le , Li Hong-Yu , Fei Dong-Qing
Published: March 2019

A chemical investigation of Croton crassifolius afforded a novel norclerodane diterpenoid (1) with an unprecedented six-membered oxygen ring between C-1 and C-12, together with three known compounds. The structure of the new compound was elucidated based on spectroscopic (IR, 1D, and 2D NMR) and HR-ESI-MS techniques. This report describes the first example of a natural norclerodane with a 4 H-chromene ring system.
Bioactive Xanthones from Cratoxylum cochinchinense
Authors: Raksat Achara , Sripisut Tawanun , Maneerat Wisanu
Published: March 2019

Chemical investigation of Cratoxylum cochinchinense stem bark has led to the isolation and identification of a new xanthone, cochinchinone M (1), together with 12 known compounds. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic methods, including UV, IR, NMR and MS. Some compounds were evaluated for their antibacterial and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activities.
Composition and Variability of the Essential Oil of the Flowers of Lavandula stoechas from Various Geographical Sources
Authors: Bella Salvatore La , Tuttolomondo Teresa , Dugo Giacomo , Ruberto Giuseppe , Leto Claudio , Napoli Edoardo M. , Potortì Angela Giorgia , Fede Maria Rita , Virga Giuseppe , Leone Raffaele , D'Anna Eleonora , Licata Mario
Published: March 2019

Samples of flowers of wild Lavandula stoechas L. spp. stoechas populations were collected in three areas of Sicily (Italy) and were characterized in agronomic and chemical terms. Essential oil (EO) was extracted by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC-FID and GC-MS. GC-FID and GC-MS analyses permitted identification of 89 compounds from the EO. The samples were separated into 3 groups using PCA (Principal Component Analysis) statistical method, with reference to the chemical composition of the EO. All three Sicilian populations of lavender were identified as the fenchone chemotype with percentage content ranged between 52.8–71.1%. The population of Partinico showed the highest dry weight of flowers per plant (221.3 g), but the lowest EO yield (0.37%). The essential oils of the three wild Sicilian populations of L. stoechas L. spp. stoechas showed a greater chemical differentiation than those obtained from other Mediterranean areas.
Potential Skin Regeneration Activity and Chemical Composition of Absolute from Pueraria thunbergiana Flower
Authors: Kim Do-Yoon , Won Kyung-Jong , Hwang Dae-Il , Yoon Seok Won , Lee Su Jin , Park Joo-Hoon , Yoon Myeong Sik , Kim Bokyung , Lee Hwan Myung
Published: March 2019

The flower of Pueraria thunbergiana BENTH (PTBF) contains isoflavonoids and essential oil components. It has many biological and pharmacological activities, including anti-diabetes, anti-oxidant, and weight loss. However, its effect on skin regeneration remains unknown. In the present study, we isolated the absolute from PTBF through solvent extraction and determined the role of the absolute on skin regeneration-associated responses in human epidermal-keratinocytes (HaCats). The PTBF absolute, which contained 10 compounds, stimulated migration and proliferation and increased the phosphorylation of serine/threonine-specific protein kinase and extracellular signal-regulated kinase1/2 in HaCats. It induced type I and IV collagen synthesis in HaCats. In addition, treatment with PTBF absolute resulted in increased sprout outgrowth in HaCats. These findings suggest that PTBF absolute may participate in skin regeneration, probably through promotion of migration, proliferation, and collagen synthesis.
Composition, in vitro Cytotoxicity, and Anti-mildew Activities of the Leaf Essential Oil of Machilus thunbergii from Taiwan
Authors: Su Yu-Chang , Hsu Kuan-Ping , Li Shu-Ching , Ho Chen-Lung
Published: March 2019

This study investigated the chemical composition, in-vitro cytotoxicity, and anti-mildew fungal activities of the essential oil isolated from the leaf of Machilus thunbergii from Taiwan. The essential oil was isolated using hydrodistillation in a Clevenger-type apparatus, and characterized by GC–FID and GC–MS. Eighty-three compounds were identified, representing 99.8% of the oil. The main components identified were n-decanal (26.6%), β-caryophyllene (15.8%), α-humulene (10.8%), and β-eudesmol (10.5%). The oil exhibited cytotoxic activity against human oral, liver, lung, colon, melanoma, and leukemic cancer cells. The active source compounds were β-caryophyllene, α-humulene, and β-eudesmol. The anti-mildew activity of the leaf oil was also evaluated. Results showed that the leaf oil had excellent anti-mildew activity. For the anti-mildew activity of the leaf oil, the active source compound was determined to be β-eudesmol.
A New Triterpenoid from the Aerial Parts of Agrimonia pilosa
Authors: Ma Jiang-Hao , Jiang Qing-Hua , Chen Ying , Nie Xiu-Fang , Yao Tie , Ding Li-Qin , Zhao Feng , Chen Li-Xia , Feng Qiu
Published: March 2019

(1 S,3 R,17 R,18 R,19 R,20 R,22 R)-1,3,19,22-tetrahydroxy-28-norurs-12-en-2-one (1), along with 5 known triterpenoids (2–6), were isolated from the aerial parts of Agrimonia pilosa Ledeb. Their structures were established based on extensive spectroscopic and MS analysis. The absolute configuration of compound 1 was deduced by circular dichroism (CD). Compound 1 was the first example of a 28-norursene backbone isolated from the genus Agrimonia. Compounds 2–6 were tested for anti-inflammatory activities against RAW 264.7 macrophages. A plausible biosynthetic pathway for compound 1 in A. pilosa was also proposed.