bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Application of 2D full-waveform inversion on exploration land data
Authors: Borisov Dmitry , Gao Fuchun , Williamson Paul , Tromp Jeroen
Published: November 2019

Estimating subsurface seismic properties is an important topic in civil engineering, oil and gas exploration, and global seismology. We have developed an application of 2D elastic waveform inversion with an active-source on-shore data set, as is typically acquired in exploration seismology on land. The maximum offset is limited to 12 km, and the lowest available frequency is 5 Hz. In such a context, surface waves are generally treated as noise and are removed as a part of data processing. In contrast to the conventional approach, our workflow starts by inverting surface waves to constrain shallow parts of the shear wavespeed model. To mitigate cycle skipping, frequency- and offset-continuation approaches are used. To accurately take into account free-surface effects (and irregular topography), a spectral-element-based wave propagation solver is used for forward modeling. To reduce amplitude influences, a normalized crosscorrelation (NC) objective function is used in conjunction with systematic updates of the source wavelet during the inversion process. As the inversion proceeds, body waves are gradually incorporated in the process. At the final stage, surface and body waves are inverted together using the entire offset range over the band between 5 and 15 Hz. The inverted models include high-resolution features in the first 500 m of compressional and shear wavespeeds, with some model updates down to 4.0 km in the first parameter. The inversion results confirmed by well-log information, indicate a better fit of compressional to shear wavespeeds ratios compared with the initial model. The final data fit is also noticeably improved compared to the initial one. Although our results confirm previous studies demonstrating that an NC norm combined with a source time function correction can partly stabilize purely elastic inversions of viscoelastic data, we believe that including an attenuation depth model in the forward simulation gives better results.
Effect of laminae development on pore structure in the lower third member of the Shahejie Shale, Zhanhua Sag, Eastern China
Authors: Li Tingwei , Jiang Zhenxue , Su Pibo , Zhang Xi , Chen Weitao , Wang Xiaoyan , Ning Chuanxiang , Wang Zhi , Xue Zixin
Published: November 2019

Similar to mineral composition and organic geochemical features, laminae development significantly influences pore structure. Taking the lower third member of the Shahejie Shale (Es3l), Zhanhua Sag, Eastern China as the research object, we introduced various methods to analyze the influence of laminae development on pore structure, including thin section observations, field emission scanning electron microscopy, gas adsorption, high-pressure mercury injection, nano-computed tomography (CT), quantitative evaluation of minerals by scanning electron microscopy, and spontaneous imbibition. We draw the conclusions that various minerals present a mixed distribution in nonlaminated shale, whereas laminated shale is characterized by alternating bright and dark laminae. Dark laminae comprise clay and quartz, whereas bright laminae consist of calcite. Microfractures are abundant at the edges of the bright and dark laminae. Nonlaminated shale possesses a pore volume (PV) of [Formula: see text] and a specific surface area (SSA) of [Formula: see text]. In contrast, laminated shale has a PV of [Formula: see text] and an SSA of [Formula: see text] with good reservoir property. Pores, especially macropores and micropores, are much more developed in laminated shale than in nonlaminated shale. Interconnected pores in sheet form are extremely developed in laminated shale, whereas most of the interconnected pores in nonlaminated shale are distributed in isolated spherical and tubular forms. Because of the abundant interconnected pores and throats, laminated shale presents good connectivity. The slopes of the spontaneous imbibition curves in the first and second stages for laminated shale are greater than those for nonlaminated shale. Laminae development could provide microfractures as dominant pathways for fluid migration as well as promote the interconnection of pores, greatly increasing the connectivity of shale reservoirs.
Signal-specific amplitude adjustment to noise in common bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus)
Authors: Kragh Ida M. , McHugh Katherine , Wells Randall S. , Sayigh Laela S. , Janik Vincent M. , Tyack Peter L. , Jensen Frants H.
Published: November 2019

Anthropogenic underwater noise has increased over the past century, raising concern about the impact on cetaceans that rely on sound for communication, navigation, and locating prey and predators. Many terrestrial animals increase the amplitude of their acoustic signals to partially compensate for the masking effect of noise (the Lombard response), but it has been suggested that cetaceans almost fully compensate with amplitude adjustments for increasing noise levels. Here, we use sound-recording DTAGs on pairs of free-ranging common bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) to test (i) if dolphins increase signal amplitude to compensate for increasing ambient noise and (ii) whether or not adjustments are identical for different signal types. We present evidence of a Lombard response in the range of 0.1-0.3 dB per 1 dB increase in ambient noise, which is similar to that of terrestrial animals, but much lower than the response reported for other cetaceans. We found that signature whistles tended to be louder and with a lower degree of amplitude adjustment to noise compared to non-signature whistles, suggesting that signature whistles may be selected for higher output levels and may have a smaller scope for amplitude adjustment to noise. The consequence of the limited degree of vocal amplitude compensation is a loss of active space during periods of increased noise, with potential consequences for group cohesion, conspecific encounter rates, and mate attraction.
Preliminary assessment of the utilization of durian peel liquid smoke as a natural preservative for mackerel
Authors: Faisal Muhammad , Gani Asri , Mulana Farid
Published: November 2019

Background: Durian peel is a type of biomass waste that contains cellulose, hemicelluloses, and lignin. The pyrolysis of these compounds results in production of liquid smoke which can be used as a natural preservative to replace current synthetic preservatives. This research assessed the ability of liquid smoke produced during pyrolysis of durian peel to preserve fish.

Methods: Dry durian peel waste underwent batch reactor pyrolysis at 340°C and 380°C, resulting in production of liquid smoke (grade 3), charcoal, and tar. This liquid smoke was then distilled at 190°C to produce grade 1 liquid smoke, which was used to preserve mackerel. The preservation process was conducted by soaking the mackerel samples in liquid smoke at 0.5, 1, 2, and 3% concentration levels followed by observations every 6 hours. Tests to determine the total volatile base nitrogen (TVB-N) content, antibacterial quality of the liquid smoke and organoleptic quality of the fish were conducted in order to assess the preservation properties of the liquid smoke.

Results: Tests on the antibacterial effects showed that the liquid smoke inhibited the growth of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus on fish even at low concentrations. At 54 hours, the TVB-N values remained below 30 mg nitrogen/g, indicating that the fish was still safe for human consumption. Results from the organoleptic tests showed that the concentration of liquid smoke influenced the preservation effects.

Conclusions: At a concentration of 2–3%, the fish samples possessed acceptable flavor, taste, color and texture for up to 48 hours of soaking. However, the best conditions were obtained with a 3% concentration of liquid smoke (produced with 340°C pyrolysis), as the fish was still considered acceptable for up to 42 hours.
Interventions to improve birth outcomes of pregnant women living in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review and network meta-analysis
Authors: Park Jay J. H. , Harari Ofir , Siden Ellie , Zoratti Michael , Dron Louis , Zannat Noor-E , Lester Richard T. , Thorlund Kristian , Mills Edward J.
Published: November 2019

Background:Improving the health of pregnant women is important to prevent adverse birth outcomes, such as preterm birth and low birthweight. We evaluated the comparative effectiveness of interventions under the domains of micronutrient, balanced energy protein, deworming, maternal education, and water sanitation and hygiene (WASH) for their effects on these adverse birth outcomes.

Methods:For this network meta-analysis, we searched for randomized clinical trials (RCTs) of interventions provided to pregnant women in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). We searched for reports published until September 17, 2019 and hand-searched bibliographies of existing reviews. We extracted data from eligible studies for study characteristics, interventions, participants’ characteristics at baseline, and birth outcomes. We compared effects on preterm birth (<37 gestational week), low birthweight (LBW; <2500 g), and birthweight (continuous) using studies conducted in LMICs.

Results:Our network meta-analyses were based on 101 RCTs (132 papers) pertaining to 206,531 participants. Several micronutrients and balanced energy food supplement interventions demonstrated effectiveness over standard-of-care. For instance, versus standard-of-care, micronutrient supplements for pregnant women, such as iron and calcium, decreased risks of preterm birth (iron: RR=0.70, 95% credible interval [Crl] 0.47, 1.01; calcium: RR=0.76, 95%Crl 0.56, 0.99). Daily intake of 1500kcal of local food decreased the risks of preterm birth (RR=0.36, 95%Crl 0.16, 0.77) and LBW (RR=0.17, 95%Crl 0.09, 0.29), respectively when compared to standard-of-care. Educational and deworming interventions did not show improvements in birth outcomes, and no WASH intervention trials reported on these adverse birth outcomes.

Conclusion:We found several pregnancy interventions that improve birth outcomes. However, most clinical trials have only evaluated interventions under a single domain (e.g. micronutrients) even though the causes of adverse birth outcomes are multi-faceted. There is a need to combine interventions that of different domains as packages and test for their effectiveness.

Registration:PROSPEROCRD42018110446; registered on 17 October 2018.
Evaluation of the Quality of Documentation of Basic Professional Educational Programs in the Electronic Environment
Authors: Сергеев Алексей , Sergeev Aleksey
Published: November 2019

The article reveals the issues of assessing the quality of the preparation of documentation for basic professional educational programs in an electronic information and educational environment. The assessment levels documentation are disclosed. Aspects of a formal assessment are described — criteria and indicators, potentially possible problem situations, ways of implementing an assessment using the instrumental resources of a development system and evaluating the quality of educational programs in an electronic environment. The possibilities of eff ective assessment of the content of the educational program through the passports of competencies, understood as documents containing a summary of the formation of competencies, are revealed. The structure of such passports of competencies is substantiated, the possibilities of determining on their basis substantive repetitions of disciplines and practices, incompleteness of the formed content of competencies, violation of the logic of formation of competencies, inconsistency of forms of educational work and assessment tools to the nature of competencies are described.
Empirical Research in Healthcare Operations: Past Research, Present Understanding, and Future Opportunities
Authors: KC Diwas Singh , Scholtes Stefan , Terwiesch Christian
Published: November 2019

We examine the published empirical literature in healthcare operations management over the last 20 years. We note several unique characteristics of the research in healthcare operations, including a focus on operational and organizational variables, an interest in the underlying mechanisms that explain operational causal pathways, and an interest in economic and managerial implications. We organize the prior findings under five distinct themes: importance of operational variables, importance of volume, routing patients through healthcare systems, to err is human, and managing the improvement process. We also identify several key areas of future research, including personalized medicine, value-based healthcare, and connected health. We conclude with a call to action for greater engagement with the medical community in areas where tools and insights of operations management can bring about improvements in healthcare delivery.
Dual mobility in primary total hip arthroplasty: current concepts
Authors: Cuthbert Rory , Wong James , Mitchell Philip , Kumar Jaiswal Parag
Published: November 2019

Total hip arthroplasty (THA) is one of the most successful surgical procedures – reducing pain and providing functional improvement. However, THA instability is a disabling condition and remains the most common indication for revision THA. To combat the risk of instability, the concept of dual mobility (DM) was developed. This article provides a comprehensive review of DM in the literature. Widespread use of first-generation DM was limited due to concern regarding wear of the polyethylene head and the unique complication of intraprosthetic dislocation (IPD). Implant modifications using highly cross-linked, durable polyethylene and a smooth, cylindrical femoral neck have all but eliminated IPD in contemporary DM. In multiple studies, DM demonstrates statistically significant reductions in dislocation rates comparative to standard bearing primary THA. These results have been particular promising in high-risk patient populations and femoral neck fractures – where low dislocation rates and improved functional outcomes are a recurrent theme. From an economic perspective, DM is equally exciting – with lower accrued costs and higher accrued utility comparative to standard bearing THA. Longer-term clinical evidence and higher-quality prospective comparative studies are required to strengthen current research. Dual mobility may well represent the future gold standard for THA in high-risk patient populations and femoral neck fractures, but due diligence of long-term performance is needed before recommendations for widespread use can be justified.

Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2019;4:640-646. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.4.180089
Linking high GC content to the repair of double strand breaks in prokaryotic genomes
Authors: Weissman JL , Fagan William F. , Johnson Philip L. F.
Published: November 2019

Genomic GC content varies widely among microbes for reasons unknown. While mutation bias partially explains this variation, prokaryotes near-universally have a higher GC content than predicted solely by this bias. Debate surrounds the relative importance of the remaining explanations of selection versus biased gene conversion favoring GC alleles. Some environments (e.g. soils) are associated with a high genomic GC content of their inhabitants, which implies that either high GC content is a selective adaptation to particular habitats, or that certain habitats favor increased rates of gene conversion. Here, we report a novel association between the presence of the non-homologous end joining DNA double-strand break repair pathway and GC content; this observation suggests that DNA damage may be a fundamental driver of GC content, leading in part to the many environmental patterns observed to-date. We discuss potential mechanisms accounting for the observed association, and provide preliminary evidence that sites experiencing higher rates of double-strand breaks are under selection for increased GC content relative to the genomic background.
Multidose intramuscular allogeneic adipose stem cells decrease the severity of canine atopic dermatitis: A pilot study
Authors: Enciso Nathaly , Amiel José , Pando John , Enciso Javier
Published: November 2019

Aim: The aim of this pilot study was to evaluate the therapeutic and safety performance of an intramuscular treatment protocol of multidose of allogeneic adipose stem cells (ASCs) isolated, characterized, and expanded ex vivo from a healthy canine donor.

Materials and Methods: Twelve dogs diagnosed with canine atopic dermatitis (CAD) were intramuscularly treated with 0.5×106 of cryopreserved ASCs from a healthy immunized young canine Ehrlichia canis free donor weekly for 6 weeks. Treatment efficacy was evaluated by the pruritus index and the CAD Lesion Index (CADLI) test. Safety and adverse effects were determined by injection site reaction, weight, blood chemistry, liver function, and whole blood count.

Results: Canine ASCs obtained from a donor met the minimum qualities required for this type of cells and showed viability of 90% after thawing. The efficacy of the CADLI score and the pruritus index in 12 dogs with atopic dermatitis was statistically significant efficacy. No adverse reactions were observed at the intramuscular application site, or in relation to animal weight, blood cell populations, or liver and renal function.

Conclusion: These results suggest that intramuscular administration of cryopreserved ASCs to dogs with atopic dermatitis is a promising cellular therapeutic product for the relief of the symptoms of this disease; however, the duration of the effects obtained with this dose and with other doses should be evaluated, as well as possible immune reactions. As far as we know, this is the first report of the use of multiple intramuscular doses cryopreserved ASCs to treat atopic dermatitis.
Pengaruh Waktu Pelindian pada Proses Pemurnian Silikon Tingkat Metalurgi Menggunakan Larutan HCl[Effect of Leaching Time on Purification Process of Metallurgical Grade Silicon by Using Acid Solution]
Authors: Adjiantoro Bintang , Mabruri Efendi
Published: November 2019

IntisariPENGARUH WAKTU PELINDIAN PADA PROSES PEMURNIAN SILIKON TINGKAT METALURGI MENGGUNAKAN LARUTAN HCl. Proses pemurnian silikon tingkat metalurgi (MG-Si)dengan menggunakan metoda pelindian asam pada konsentrasi 2,45mol/L HCl telah dilakukan dengan memvariasikan waktu pelindian pada temperatur didih (±100 °C) dan gerakan pengadukan mekanik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa proses pelindian MG-Si dengan HCl dapat digunakan untuk menghilangkan unsur pengotor logam. Persentase hasil efisiensi ekstraksi dari unsur pengotor yang terkandung di dalam MG-Si dengan pelarutan HCl masing-masing mencapai 99,996 % untuk Al, 98,247 % untuk Ti dan 98,491 % untuk Fe pada waktu pelindian 120 jam. Sedangkan efisiensi larutan HCl terhadap unsur pengotor dengan gerakan pengadukan mekanik mencapai 99,04 %.Kata kunci : Silikon tingkat metalurgi, Pemurnian dengan proses kimia, Pelindian asam, PengotorAbstractEFFECT OF LEACHING TIME ON PURIFICATION PROCESS OF METALLURGICAL GRADE SILICON BY USING ACID SOLUTION. The purification process of metallurgical grade silicon (MG-Si) using acid leaching method at a concentration of 2.45 mol/L HCl was performed by varying the leaching time atboiling temperature ( ±100 °C) and with mechanical stirring. The results showed that the leaching process of MG-Si with HCl can be used to eliminate the element of metal impurities. The extraction efficiency of impurity elements contained in the MG-Si by HCl dissolution is 99.996 % for Al, 98.247 % for Ti and 98.491 % for Fe at leaching time of 120 hours. Whereas the leaching efficiency of HCl solution on the impurities using mechanical stirring is 99.04 %.Keywords : Metallurgical grade silicon, Chemical purification, Acid leaching, Impurities
Relationship of Oral Aesthetic Assessment according to Self Perception with Oral Malocclusion Condition of High School Students in Sidrap District, South Sulawesi Indonesia
Authors: Daeng Pasiga Burhanuddin Daeng , Samad Rasmidar , Pratiwi Rini
Published: November 2019

Self-perception of dental aesthetics needs to be considered in planning orthodontic treatment because it is known that everyone has a self-perception of different oral esthetic conditions. Objective: To assess the state of malocclusion based on self-perception of dental aesthetics using the Oral Aesthetic Subjective Impact Score (OASIS); to determine the relationship of self-perceptions of oral aesthetics and the state of malocclusion from the results of clinical examinations using the Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI). Material and Methods: Research subjects were middle school students aged between 14-18 years as many as 187 students. For oral aesthetic assessment using the OASIS index questionnaire, and to evaluate the aesthetic and anatomical components of the malocclusion clinic using the Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI). Results: The prevalence of malocclusion according to Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI) showed that mild / normal malocclusion (59.9%), moderate malocclusion (33.4%), severe malocclusion (5.7%), and very severe malocclusion (1%). The prevalence of self-perception of oral aesthetics was 54.6% judging good. The results of the analysis with logistic regression tests showed that there was a significant (p<0.001) relationship between self-perception of oral aesthetics using the OASIS index and malocclusion status using the DAI index. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, there was a significant relationship (p <0.01) between oral aesthetic self perception and malocclusion status of high school students.KeywordsOral aesthetic perception; Oral aesthetic subjective impact score; Dental aesthetic index.
Color assessment in dental prostheses: the use of smartphones as process tools
Authors: Albert Charles Jourdan , Da Silva Elielson Nobrega , Penteado Marcela Moreira , De Lima Dimas Renó , Kimpara Estevão Tomomitsu , Uemura Eduardo Shigueyuki
Published: November 2019

Accurate color selection of direct or indirect dental restorations is a subjective task. Mobile phones are tools that may minimize color assessment errors. Objective: To use photographs taken with smartphones to guide the dental surgeon in choosing the right color in oral rehabilitation. Material and Methods: A tooth was photographed for color assessment and the VITA Toothguide 3D-MASTER® shade guide was used. Photographs were submitted to an image editing software for full saturation removal. Images of the tooth and scale in black and white were compared. Results: This method allowed to select the tooth’s value, which is considered the most subjective dimension in color choice. Conclusion: Although it is an auxiliary and complementary method to traditional methods, smartphones are tools capable of reducing the range of color possibilities and minimizing possible failures.KeywordsColor; Photograph; Smartphone.
The influence of early bisphosphonate treatment on craniofacial radiographic bone density
Authors: Araujo Melissa Rodrigues , Mobile Rafael Zancan , Azevedo Lucas de Oliveira , Gomes Shaiene , Deliberador Tatiana Miranda , Giovanini Allan Fernando
Published: November 2019

Objective: To evaluate the effects of alendronate (AL), a bisphosphonate, on visual bone density by means of a radiographic analysis. Material and methods: Sixty-two Wistar rats were divided into four groups: Group AA (AL with autogenous graft); group AW (AL without autogenous graft) both receiving AL on alternate days for 4 weeks before surgery; control group CA (with autogenous graft); group CW (without autogenous graft) both receiving saline solution before surgery. Experimental periods of evaluation were 2 weeks and 4 weeks post-surgery. Conventional and digital radiographs were obtained, and a 5-point grading system (score) was used to assess visual radiographic bone density. Results: There were no statistical differences between CA and AA groups at 2 and 4 weeks. The AA group had a higher mean score of bone density than the CW and AW groups at 2 weeks (P < 0.05). The CA and AA groups had higher scores of bone density than the CW and AW groups at 4 weeks (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Treatment with AL did not affect radiographic bone density at 2 and 4 weeks after surgery. The presence of an autograft resulted in higher scores of bone density.
Foreword
Authors: Papier Joy
Published: November 2019

It gives me great pleasure to present the second issue of our fledgling journal, JOVACET, an early 2019 publication. This special issue celebrates a successful conference held in November 2018 in Cape Town and attended by a range of local and international academics. The conference was hosted by the Adult Education Studies Unit of our UWC Institute for Post-School Studies, under the rubric, Access, barriers to participation and success for adult learners: Rethinking equity and social justice in post-school education. It was opened with a thought-provoking address by our keynote speaker, Prof. Crain Soudien, Chief Executive Officer of the Human Sciences Research Council.
On the affirmative solution to Salem’s problem
Authors: Yakubovich Semyon
Published: November 2019

The Salem problem to verify whether Fourier–Stieltjes coefficients of the Minkowski question mark function vanish at infinity is solved recently affirmatively. In this paper by using methods of classical analysis and special functions we solve a Salem-type problem about the behavior at infinity of a linear combination of the Fourier–Stieltjes transforms. Moreover, as a consequence of the Salem problem, some asymptotic relations at infinity for the Fourier–Stieltjes coefficients of a power

{m\in\mathbb{N}}

of the Minkowski question mark function are derived.
Optimal Design of Reliability Acceptance Sampling Plan Based on Sequential Order Statistics
Authors: Kumar Mahesh , Ramyamol P. C.
Published: November 2019

The concept of sequential order statistics were introduced by Kamps in 1995. In this article, we derive an acceptance sampling plan, for units having exponentially distributed lifetime, using sequential order statistics. Based on data obtained from progressive type II censoring using constant stress accelerated life tests, we obtain the maximum likelihood estimates of the parameters of the exponential distribution. Further, a log linear life-stress relationship is assumed to derive the exact distributions of the estimators of the parameters of exponential distribution. The parameters of the sampling scheme are obtained by minimizing expected total testing cost satisfying usual probability requirements. Some numerical results are presented in a table to illustrate our plans.
Biobanks for future medicine
Authors: Hummel Michael , Specht Cornelia
Published: November 2019

The use of biospecimens for biomedical research is not a new idea. Many important developments for a better understanding of diseases have been made using patient samples and related data. In former times, this was realized by individual researchers and therefore not under controlled conditions. In early times, patients were not asked for their consent and quality of biosamples and data were assessed applying subjective criteria. This has changed significantly in the past two decades especially in terms of patient consent, ethical approval and data privacy. With respect to quality, it has been extremely difficult to establish clear guidelines due to the great heterogeneity of the downstream applications. Especially in the last decade, the impact and importance of well-defined and well-organized centralized biobank infrastructures was recognized globally and enormous efforts have been undertaken to establish and operate institutional biobanks in many of the medical centers. The most recent development refers to the cooperation of biobanks at different locations. Those biobank networks enable the query for biospecimens and data across biobanks in order to collect sufficient number of samples from small disease subgroups which would not be possible for single sites. To serve this need is of utmost importance as the advances in omics technologies allow a highly sophisticated subdivision of diseases into small molecular subgroups. Moreover, the existence of many disease subgroups, which can be ideally targeted with a tailored treatment, challenges the pharma industry: in order to support the development of personalized treatment options, biobank networks offering well-defined patient samples of high quality and with rich clinical information are becoming essential partners not only in academic research but also for companies developing diagnostic tools or new therapies.
Random Schrödinger operators with a background potential
Authors: Asatryan Hayk , Kirsch Werner
Published: November 2019

We consider one-dimensional random Schrödinger operators with a background potential, arising in the inverse scattering problem.
We study the influence of the background potential on the essential spectrum of the random Schrödinger operator and obtain Anderson localization for a larger class of one-dimensional Schrödinger operators.
Further, we prove the existence of the integrated density of states and give a formula for it.
Unconventional monetary policy reaction functions: evidence from the US
Authors: Agnello Luca , Castro Vitor , Dufrénot Gilles , Jawadi Fredj , Sousa Ricardo M.
Published: November 2019

We specify unconventional monetary policy reaction functions for the Fed using linear and nonlinear econometric frameworks. We find that nonstandard policy measures are largely driven by the dynamics of inflation and the output gap, with the effect being particularly strong during QE rounds. Moreover, we uncover the presence of asymmetry and regime dependence in central bank’s actions since the global financial crisis, especially concerning the response of the term spread and the shadow short rate to the growth rate of central bank reserves. From a policy perspective and given the lack of a systematic response of monetary policy to asset price growth in nonstandard times, our findings seem to corroborate the view that concerns about asset price bubbles, financial sector pro-cyclicality and systemic risk should be part of the macro-prudential policy toolkit.
NEXMIF/KIDLIA Knock-out Mouse Demonstrates Autism-Like Behaviors, Memory Deficits, and Impairments in Synapse Formation and Function
Authors: Gilbert James , O'Connor Margaret , Templet Sebastian , Moghaddam Mahsa , Di Via Ioschpe Anaïs , Sinclair Amanda , Zhu Ling-Qiang , Xu Weifeng , Man Heng-Ye
Published: November 2019

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disability that demonstrates impaired social interactions, communication deficits, and restrictive and repetitive behaviors. ASD has a strong genetic basis and many ASD-associated genes have been discovered thus far. Our previous work has shown that loss of expression of the X-linked geneNEXMIF/KIDLIAis implicated in patients with autistic features and intellectual disability (ID). To further determine the causal role of the gene in the disorder, and to understand the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the pathology, we have generated a NEXMIF knock-out (KO) mouse. We find that male NEXMIF KO mice demonstrate reduced sociability and communication, elevated repetitive grooming behavior, and deficits in learning and memory. Loss ofNEXMIF/KIDLIAexpression results in a significant decrease in synapse density and synaptic protein expression. Consistently, male KO animals show aberrant synaptic function as measured by excitatory miniatures and postsynaptic currents in the hippocampus. These findings indicate that NEXMIF KO mice recapitulate the phenotypes of the human disorder. The NEXMIF KO mouse model will be a valuable tool for studying the complex mechanisms involved in ASD and for the development of novel therapeutics for this disorder.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by behavioral phenotypes. Based on our previous work, which indicated the loss of NEXMIF/KIDLIA was associated with ASD, we generated NEXMIF knock-out (KO) mice. The NEXMIF KO mice demonstrate autism-like behaviors including deficits in social interaction, increased repetitive self-grooming, and impairments in communication and in learning and memory. The KO neurons show reduced synapse density and a suppression in synaptic transmission, indicating a role for NEXMIF in regulating synapse development and function. The NEXMIF KO mouse faithfully recapitulates the human disorder, and thus serves as an animal model for future investigation of the NEXMIF-dependent neurodevelopmental disorders.
Incorporating Computer Programming & Data Science into a Guided Inquiry-Based Undergraduate Ecology Lab
Authors: Rahn Jennifer , Willner Dana , Deverick James , Kemper Peter , Saha Margaret
Published: November 2019

The biological sciences are becoming increasingly reliant on computer science and associated technologies to quickly and efficiently analyze and interpret complex data sets. Introducing students to data analysis techniques is a critical part of their development as well-rounded, scientifically literate citizens. As part of a collaborative effort between the Biology and Computer Science departments at William & Mary, we sought to develop laboratory exercises that would introduce basic ideas of data analysis while also exposing students to Python, a commonly used computer programming language. We accomplished this by developing exercises within the interactive Jupyter Notebook platform, an open-source application that allows Python code to be written and executed as discrete blocks in real time. Students used the developed Jupyter Notebook to analyze data collected as part of a multiweek ecology field experiment aimed at determining the effect of white-tailed deer on aspects of biological diversity. These inquiry-based laboratory exercises generated scientifically relevant data and gave students a chance to experience and participate in ongoing scientific research while demonstrating the utility of computer science in the scientific process.
Relationships between metabolic status, seminal adipokines, and reproductive functions in men from infertile couples
Authors: Elfassy Yaelle , Bongrani Alice , Levy Pierre , Foissac Frantz , Fellahi Soraya , Faure Céline , McAvoy Chloé , Capeau Jacqueline , Dupont Joëlle , Fève Bruno , Levy Rachel , Bastard Jean-Philippe , _ _ , _ _ , Levy Rachel , Faure Céline , Sermondade Nathalie , Eustache Florence , Benarroch Myriam , Dupont Charlotte , Cedrin Isabelle , De Larouzière Vanina , Mathieu D’Argent Emmanuelle , Sutton Angela , Guechot Jérôme , Czernichow Sébastien
Published: November 2019

Objective

Adipokines could be a link between metabolic syndrome (MS) and infertility. While the association between circulating adipokines and fertility has been extensively studied in females, this relationship in males was less investigated, although some adipokines are detectable in seminal plasma (SP). The aim of this study was to determine adipokine levels in blood and SP and to assess the relationships between adipokines, MS and semen parameters in men from infertile couples.

Design

Male partners of infertile couples referred to four medical French centers were enrolled in years 2013–2016.

Methods

Subjects (n = 160) aged 18–45 years were assessed for anthropometric, biochemical, sperm, and circulating hormonal parameters. Leptin, adiponectin, resistin, chemerin, visfatin, and IL-6 were measured in serum and SP.

Results

Infertility duration was higher in men with than without MS. Adipokine concentrations were higher in blood than in SP, except for IL-6 and visfatin. The most striking result was the significant correlation observed between seminal IL-6 and spermatozoid concentration, progressive motility, and sperm vitality. Moreover, while men with MS exhibited an expected lower adiponectinemia, they displayed 2.1-fold higher adiponectin levels in SP than men without MS. Finally, logistic regression analysis showed that BMI, infertility duration, and adiponectin serum/SP ratio were independently associated with MS.

Conclusions

These results suggest an involvement of seminal adipokines to modulate fertility in men with MS and that seminal IL-6 could play a beneficial role on sperm functionality. Further mechanistic studies are necessary to investigate the precise roles of these adipokines in male reproduction.
Endothelial connexins in vascular function
Authors: Hautefort Aurélie , Pfenniger Anna , Kwak Brenda R
Published: November 2019

Gap junctions are essential for intercellular crosstalk in blood and lymphatic vasculature. These clusters of intercellular channels ensure direct communication among endothelial cells and between endothelial and smooth muscle cells, and the synchronization of their behavior along the vascular tree. Gap junction channels are formed by connexins; six connexins form a connexon or hemichannel and the docking of two connexons result in a full gap junction channel allowing for the exchange of ions and small metabolites between neighboring cells. Recent evidence indicates that the intracellular domains of connexins may also function as an interaction platform (interactome) for other proteins, thereby regulating their function. Interestingly, fragments of Cx proteins generated by alternative internal translation were recently described, although their functions in the vascular wall remain to be uncovered. Variations in connexin expression are observed along different types of blood and lymphatic vessels; the most commonly found endothelial connexins are Cx37, Cx40, Cx43 and Cx47. Physiological studies on connexin-knockout mice demonstrated the essential roles of these channel-forming proteins in the coordination of vasomotor activity, endothelial permeability and inflammation, angiogenesis and in the maintenance of fluid balance in the body.
Формування безпеки життя у старшокласників
Authors: Kanishevska Liubov
Published: November 2019

У статті визначено та схарактеризовано фактори, що ускладнюють процес формування безпеки життя у старшокласників: вплив групи; особливості емоційної сфери; потреба в соціальному визнанні і факті дорослішання; віддаленість від батьків; доступність, популяризація тютюнових, алкогольних, наркотичних речовин через рекламу; негативний вплив молодіжної субкультури; потреба у прояві власної індивідуальності та неможливості її задовольнити; спадковість; сімейне неблагополуччя тощо. Визначено шляхи формування безпеки життя у зазначеного контингенту школярів, а саме: розроблення та впровадження у позаурочну діяльність закладів загальної середньої освіти авторської програми “Збережи себе сам”; залучення старшокласників до здоров’язбе¬режувальної діяльності, спрямованої як на формування, збереження і зміцнення власного здоров’я, так і здоров’я інших; педагогічна підтримка старшокласників.
Character-based recurrent neural networks for morphological relational reasoning
Authors: Mogren Olof , Johansson Richard
Published: November 2019

We present a model for predicting inflected word forms based on morphological analogies. Previous work includes rule-based algorithms that determine and copy affixes from one word to another, with limited support for varying inflectional patterns. In related tasks such as morphological reinflection, the algorithm is provided with an explicit enumeration of morphological features which may not be available in all cases. In contrast, our model is feature-free: instead of explicitly representing morphological features, the model is given a demo pair that implicitly specifies a morphological relation (such as write:writes specifying infinitive:present). Given this demo relation and a query word (e.g. watch), the model predicts the target word (e.g. watches). To address this task, we devise a character-based recurrent neural network architecture using three separate encoders and one decoder.Our experimental evaluation on five different languages shows tha the exact form can be predicted with high accuracy, consistently beating the baseline methods. Particularly, for English the prediction accuracy is 95.60%. The solution is not limited to copying affixes from the demo relation, but generalizes to words with varying inflectional patterns, and can abstract away from the orthographic level to the level of morphological forms.
Ciclo de vida y enemigos naturales de Mechanitis menapis mantineus (Lepidoptera: Ithomiini)
Authors: Santacruz Paola Giovanna , Despland Emma , Giraldo Carlos E.
Published: November 2019

Las mariposas de la tribu Ithomiini son uno de los modelos biológicos más estudiados en años recientes en trabajos de biogeografía, taxonomía y evolución. Sin embargo, aun cuando la biología y distribución de sus especies es mejor conocida que la de muchas especies en otros grupos de mariposas, existen aspectos de la historia natural poco estudiados que permitirían un mejor entendimiento del comportamiento de sus poblaciones y las interacciones con su ambiente. En este trabajo, se estudió la historia natural de la mariposa, Mechanitis menapis mantineus (Nymphalidae: Ithomiini) y sus enemigos naturales en el oeste de Ecuador. Para ello, se realizó la identificación de las plantas hospederas, se estudió el ciclo de vida y los factores de mortalidad de los estados inmaduros. Adicionalmente, se identificaron los parasitoides asociados a la especie en la zona de estudio. Se identificaron tres plantas hospederas, las cuales son nuevos registros para la especie en la región. Asimismo, se describió la morfología de los estados inmaduros y su tiempo de desarrollo. Finalmente, se identificaron los principales enemigos naturales y se describieron aspectos de la historia natural y el comportamiento de Hyposoter sp. (Ichneumonidae: Campopleginae), principal parasitoide de larvas. Los resultados de este trabajo, proporcionan información esencial para la revisión taxonómica del género Mechanitis y para continuar el estudio de la interacción de esta especie con sus plantas hospederas y enemigos naturales.
Estado poblacional del cucarachero de pantano, Cistothorus apolinari (Passeriformes: Troglodytidae) en siete humedales de la Sabana de Bogotá, Colombia
Authors: Rodríguez Linares Juan Carlos , Chaparro Herrera Sergio , Sua-Becerra Adriana , Echeverry-Galvis María Ángela
Published: November 2019

El cucarachero de Apolinar Cisthotorus apolinari es una especie endémica de Colombia actualmente catalogada en Peligro Crítico de extinción nacionalmente, y En Peligro globalmente, principalmente por la degradación de los humedales y el parasitismo de las nidadas. Son pocos los estudios sobre el estado poblacional de esta especie en los humedales de Bogotá en los últimos años. En este trabajo se presentan los resultados de los monitoreos realizados entre junio de 2014 y enero de 2015 en siete humedales de la Sabana de Bogotá. Mediante puntos de conteo y censos auditivos se registró la abundancia, la cobertura vegetal empleadas y la abundancia de Molotrhrus bonariensis. Se realizaron 63.6 horas de observación en 88 puntos de conteo, con nueve registros de C. apolinari entre Tibanica, La Florida y Gualí, asociados principalmente a Schoenoplectus californicus. Tras una evaluación de posibles factores bióticos y abióticos presentes en los humedales que determinen la presencia de la especie, no se encontró que uno de ellos actuara de forma definitiva en determinar su existencia, pero se plantean tendencias en algunas variables. Estos resultados buscan proporcionar información relevante para aportar en la formulación de medidas de conservación efectivas para la protección de la especie y de su hábitat.
Distribución potencial del cerdo asilvestrado, Sus scrofa (Artiodactyla: Suidae) y el pecarí de collar, Pecari tajacu (Artiodactyla: Tayassuidae) en la región de Laguna de Términos, México
Authors: Hernández-Pérez Edwin L.
Published: November 2019

Distribución potencial de cerdos asilvestrados y pecaríes de collar en la región de Laguna de Términos, Campeche, México. Introducción: La presencia de los cerdos asilvestrados (Sus scrofa) en conjunto con procesos antrópicos como la fragmentación del hábitat presente en la región de Laguna de Términos al suroeste del estado de Campeche, puede generar cambios en los patrones de distribución y permanencia de especies nativas como los pecaríes de collar (Pecari tajacu). Objetivo: El objetivo de este trabajo fue modelar la distribución potencial de cerdos asilvestrados (Sus scrofa) y de pecaríes de collar (Pecari tajacu) en la región de Laguna de Términos, Campeche. Métodos: Se generaron modelos de distribución potencial usando datos de presencia y variables antrópicas y bioclimáticas mediante el algoritmo de máxima entropía (Maxent). Resultados: Los modelos de distribución potencial mostraron segregación espacial entre ambas especies. Los cerdos asilvestrados fueron afectados positivamente por la cercanía a cultivos de palma de aceite (Elaeis guineensis) y por la precipitación estacional; la probabilidad de ocurrencia de los pecaríes de collar fue mayor conforme se incrementa la temperatura y la cobertura arbórea. Se documentó la presencia de cerdos asilvestrados en los municipios de Escárcega, Carmen, Candelaria y Palizada, en el estado de Campeche y en Balancán y Jonuta en el estado de Tabasco. Con base en los registros y en los modelos generados, se predicen áreas potenciales para el establecimiento de los cerdos asilvestrados principalmente en la Reserva de la Biosfera Pantanos de Centla en Tabasco y en algunas áreas cercanas a la frontera con Guatemala. Conclusiones: Consideramos necesario implementar un plan de control para los cerdos asilvestrados, no solo en la región de Laguna de Términos, sino en áreas aledañas con la finalidad de impedir la expansión de su distribución y el desplazamiento de especies nativas como los pecaríes en otras áreas del sur del país.
The Implementation of Foreign Language Learning Policies at State Islamic Higher Education
Authors: Dian Dian
Published: November 2019

Taking a part in foreign language learning in Indonesia has been an effort for the Indonesian people to be able to absorb and keep up with the development of science and meet the demand of global challenge. This study aims to investigate the implementation of foreign language learning policy at one of the state Islamic higher education as well as the challenges it encounters. The method used is descriptive qualitative by using instruments of observation, interviews, and document analysis. The results of this study show that the university implements language learning through the SKS program in regular classes, through courses in the language center, learning in the fields of Maâ€™had Lughawy and Ma'had Aly (Campus dormitory). Meanwhile, the problems faced in the implementation process are related to human resources, facilities, and learning methods used.Â Â Â
Graph Construction
Authors: Witt Jessica K.
Published: November 2019

Graphs are an effective and compelling way to present scientific results.  With few rigid guidelines, researchers have many degrees-of-freedom regarding graph construction.  One such choice is the range of the y-axis.  A range set just beyond the data will bias readers to see all effects as big. Conversely, a range set to the full range of options will bias readers to see all effects as small.  Researchers should maximize congruence between visual size of an effect and the actual size of the effect.  In the experiments presented here, participants viewed graphs with the y-axis set to the minimum range required for all the data to be visible, the full range from 0 to 100, and a range of approximately 1.5 standard deviations.  The results showed that participants’ sensitivity to the effect depicted in the graph was better when the y-axis range was between one to two standard deviations than with either the minimum range or the full range.  In addition, bias was also smaller with the standardized axis range than the minimum or full axis ranges.  To achieve congruency in scientific fields for which effects are standardized, the y-axis range should be no less than 1 standard deviations, and aim to be at least 1.5 standard deviations.