bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Detailed regulation plan for underwater mining of coal and overburden in the unprotected part of the metal deposit on the left bank of the Danube: Review of the development methodology, level of implementation, presentation of methods and approaches, conditions and problems, as well as achieved results
Authors: Dolovački Đurica , Stojanov Iva
Published: November 2024

The subject of this topic is the development of a detailed regulation plan for the underwater exploitation of coal and overburden in the unprotected part of the metal deposit on the left bank of the Danube and its implementation. The preparation of planning documents is the basis for the further realization of projects, because underwater coal exploitation is rare in the world, and in our country it is unique and the only one. Spatial-positional, the location of the planned Project is located on the territory of the municipality of Kovin, within KO Gaj, KO Dubovac and KO Kovin. The municipality of Kovin is located in the southern part of AP Vojvodina, it belongs to the South Banat District and borders on the east with the municipality of Bela Crkva, on the north with the municipalities of Alibunar and Vršac, and on the west with the city of Pančevo. The southern border of the municipality of Kovin is represented by the river Danube. Goals of making the plan: In the contour of the exploitation field, underwater exploitation of coal and accompanying sediments (sand and gravel with interlayers of clay) is planned. The average energy value of pit coal (lignite) is about 9,400 kJ/kg, and of commercial coal, which is removed by underwater mining, about 12,000 kJ/kg. In addition to coal, as the basic mineral raw material, gravel from the overburden will also be extracted. Sand will be transported hydraulically, through a pipeline to the landfill. In the first phase, the landfill is planned as an external one, until the excavated space is freed for the formation of an internal landfill. The transport of coal and gravel will be carried out by track conveyors, floating and land, to the prepared landfills in the coastal part of field B, from where they would be loaded into barges. Coal from the metallurgical coal basin is suitable as an energy fuel for thermal power plants. Exploitation of coal and accompanying sediments, according to the adopted concept, will be carried out by: 1) underwater excavation of sediments with 5 floating dredgers, 2 floating dredgers and 3 refueling dredge; 2) transport of excavated material, sand by pipeline, coal and gravel by belt conveyors (boat and land); 3) by depositing excavated sediments, sand in external and internal landfills, and coal and gravel in separate landfills from which they would be loaded into barges. Conclusion: Construction within the complex is realized exclusively on the basis of the adopted PDR, respecting the rules of arrangement and construction, elaboration and other documentation that regulates standards in this area.
Contemporary methods of presenting planning solutions using GIS
Authors: Milenković Anđela , Miličević Mario , Čugalj Rastko , Dmitrović Veljko
Published: November 2024

In recent years, the development of cities and urban areas in Serbia has been based on large-scale projects aimed at transforming inadequately regulated, abandoned, devastated, or empty locations, especially in major cities. This trend, although directly spatially focused to certain locations within the city, has much broader consequences for the city and its inhabitants, reflected in changes in the quality of life and the environment in cities, traffic, housing accessibility, cultural and visual identity of the city, etc. Additionally, contemporary processes in urban development, characterized by weakened planning processes and the absence of strategic and long-term planning for future development, have been replaced by partial planning and project design. Characteristics of this planning and development management approach include the usurpation and misuse of public space and public interest, abuse of planning and plans as instruments for implementing private and other interests, along with a lack of transparency, democracy, and citizen participation, which would ensure the legitimacy of proposed planning and project solutions. On the other hand, with the development of information technologies, numerous opportunities arise for more efficient and successful urban development management. In this regard, city development focuses on accelerated digitalization in various development areas, including urban development and future city planning. In such an atmosphere, where pressure from private interests and large capital on the planning system in Serbia exists on one hand, and the desire to modernize and digitize society on the other, the question arises of how modern information technology tools, primarily GIS, can help overcome the problems facing urban planning practice today. This paper will present a platform based on Web GIS technology and the possibilities of its application in spatial development management. Using a specific example, it will demonstrate how GIS can help present spatial and urban planning solutions in a spatial context, adequately visualize them, and communicate them to a wider audience, all for the purpose of increasing transparency and reducing misuse of planning solutions and processes.
GIS analysis of spatial accessibility and dispersion of tourist facilities in Prokuplje urban settlement: Support to urban planning
Authors: Ivanović Marko , Ristić Dušan , Božović Ružica , Valjarević Aleksandar
Published: November 2024

In the present time, Geographic Information Systems (GIS) are widely used in all segments of spatial and urban planning. In this paper, the possibilities of using GIS in the analysis of spatial accessibility and dispersion of tourist content in an urban settlement will be considered. The analysis covers the urban area of the City of Prokuplje. QGIS was used with the compatible OpenStreetmaps platform in vector format to create a database of attractive tourist content and advanced spatial-urban analysis. By determining the transport accessibility of attractive tourist facilities and creating tourist isochronous maps, geoinformatics support was provided for decision-making in the planning and zoning of tourist attractions. The presented conceptual framework of the application of GIS in the analysis of urban tourist contents can contribute to the improvement of the practice of urban planning.
Implementation of Geographic Information System in keeping records of the functional characteristics of the road surface
Authors: Lukić Ana , Dotto Marija , Vučićević Ana , Zorić Zorana
Published: November 2024

The development of computer technology and, therefore, Geographical Information Systems has influenced the introduction of changes and the improvement of work processes in companies. Databases have grown from alphanumeric to geospatial databases, considering that all data about traffic infrastructure is linked to sections of national roads. According to the Law on Public Roads, the road manager has the obligation to monitor condition of the road network and keep records of public roads and traffic-technical characteristics of those roads. For the purposes of monitoring condition of state roads, a methodology for data collection, reporting and presentation of the collected data on the surface characteristics of the roadway has been established in PE "Roads of Serbia". Modern technological solutions and systems such as RSP (Road Surface Profiler) are used for data collection, and Web GIS application software has been developed for presentation of data. The data from the records are of great significance because they can be used in a wide range of activities, for purpose of road management, maintenance of state roads, planning the further development of the road network and other elements of the transport infrastructure, the work of local government institutions with the aim of establishing better traffic connections and more efficient functioning of transport.
From global Doughnut sustainability to local tourism destination management
Authors: Lähteenmäki-Uutela Anu , Haukioja Teemu , Pohjola Tuomas
Published: November 2024

Purpose - This paper explores the intersection of global sustainability frameworks and local tourism management applying the Doughnut Economy model. The study aims to understand how destinations can bridge the gap between multidimensional, multilevel sustainability objectives and local execution, ultimately promoting a paradigm shift towards sustainable tourism. Methodology - We review the sustainable destination management literature as well as the Doughnut Economy framework and evaluate how the Doughnut model allows for an examination of how destinations can simultaneously address local needs and broader, systemic impacts. Findings - The integration of the Doughnut Economy model can help to ensure that the benefits and costs of tourism are in balance. Tourism destinations need to adopt consistent sustainable practices that align with both local aspirations and global sustainability targets. Digitalization can enhance the measuring and modelling of impacts and aid in steering behaviour. Implications - Destination managers have a role in the broader sustainability of tourism, and they will be required to apply comprehensive approaches such as the Doughnut model supported by digital solutions to balance social and ecological demands at local and global levels.
Neighbourhood, crime and fear: Exploring subjective perception of security in Serbia
Authors: Marković Aleksandra , Filipović Božidar
Published: November 2024

The perception of (in)security plays a crucial role in shaping individuals' interactions with their environment and can have significant implications for the prevalence and persistence of criminal activity within communities. Perceived insecurity can lead individuals to fear becoming victims of crime and can affect the willingness of individuals to report crimes to authorities. Furthermore , it can undermine social cohesion within communities by eroding trust and cooperation among residents. The subjective security experience in the neighbourhood is a multifaceted phenomenon influenced by various determinants. Using data from the European Social Survey Round 10, the paper aims to scrutinise the potential factors contributing to feelings of security among the respondents in Serbia. We focus on the respondents' perceptions of security in four regions (Bel-grade, Vojvodina, Šumadija and West Serbia, and South and East Serbia) operationalised through the question "How safe do you-or would you-feel walking alone in your neighbourhood after dark?". By examining determinants such as age, gender, daily activity, area (rural or urban), social capital, interpersonal trust and perceived quality of society, this paper aims to shed light on the complexities of security perception. The primary findings underscore the significance of individual vulnerability and social integration measures as critical indicators of security perceptions in the neighbourhoods. The study highlighted notable regional variations in predictors of security perceptions , emphasising the necessity of localised approaches to address security concerns. By comprehensively understanding the determinants of subjective security, policymakers and urban planners can develop targeted strategies to mitigate fear and enhance security perceptions.
Evaluation of ride comfort for passengers of a multiple-unit train with different types of powertrain
Authors: Dižo Ján , Lovska Alyona , Blatnický Miroslav , Ishchuk Vadym
Published: November 2024

Multiple-unit trains belong to quite widely used passenger railway vehicle, which transport passengers usually for medium long distances. There is suburban and intercity passenger railway transport. Multiple-unit trains with independent traction are applied on railway lines, where electrification is not available. Current diesel multiple units (DMU) are exposed to stricter and stricter requirements for their carbon footprint. Therefore, producers of DMUs are forced to think about alternative fuels and power sources, which are more environmentally friendly during operation. A hydrogen powertrain system of a DMU is one of perspective ways to reduce negative effects of operation of conventional diesel combustion engines. As an installation of new source of power to an existing DMU design represents a significant change of its structure, it is important to evaluate the main running properties of a modified vehicle. The goal of the presented research is to evaluate the dynamic properties of a DMU with different types of powertrains. The dynamic properties are assessed by means of the indices of ride comfort passengers. This requires knowing values of accelerations on chosen location in a DMU body. The research was conducted in a commercial multibody software. The results have shown that an installation of the hydrogen powertrain does not significantly influence the dynamical properties of the investigated DMU.
Modification of the powertrain unit on a rail vehicle and analysis of its running properties
Authors: Ishchuk Vadym , Dižo Ján , Lovska Alyona , Blatnický Miroslav
Published: November 2024

Nowadays, there is also a trend in rail transport to change to more environmentally friendly power cells. One such solution is the introduction of hydrogen fuel cells into the construction of rail vehicles. This paper studies the changes in the running properties of a modified rail vehicle and its components after replacing the standard diesel-electric powertrain unit with a new one using hydrogen fuel cells. This modification results in significant changes in the vehicle structure, especially in the mass and position of the centre of gravity of its various components. The running characteristics are analysed by simulation calculations using the commercial simulation software Simpack. A multibody simulation model consisting of rigid bodies connected by flexible force elements is used. This analysis is performed for both the original rail vehicle and the modified rail vehicle with hydrogen fuel cells. As a result, the modified rail vehicle with a hydrogen powertrain was found to have a similar force distribution in wheel/rail contact, but the axle load of this vehicle did not meet the criteria.
Research of mechanical properties of a removable module concept for transport of tracked vehicles by railways
Authors: Lovska Alyona , Dižo Ján , Gerlici Juraj
Published: November 2024

In order to increase the efficiency of railway transportation of strategic cargoes by railway transport, the design of a removable module is proposed, which allows adapting the body of an open-wagon to the transportation of Hessian equipment. The research is focused on the investigation of mechanical properties of a removable module concept. This module is proposed to be mounted on an open wagon and for transport of tracked vehicles and machines by it. The study of mechanical properties includes the strength analysis under its vertical load. The analyses are performed by means of the finite element method. At the same time, the Misses criterion was applied. It was established that the maximum equivalent stresses in the structure of the removable module concept are within the permissible limits. The conducted research will contribute to the improvement of the efficiency of railway transport operation, and it will be useful developments of the design of modern concepts of wagons' removable modules with a multifunctional purpose.
Challenges in ensuring the quality of welded railway vehicles and components
Authors: Maričić Marko , Vukšić-Popović Marija , Nikolić Marija
Published: November 2024

During the production of welded railway vehicles and their components, standards such as EN 15085 are mandatory. Supplementary requirements, including those from the International Union of Railways (UIC), may also apply. "Quality assurance" in welding entails defined procedures to ensure product reliability. These conditions pose challenges, particularly in welding technology and personnel requirements. Crucial to this is the welding coordination staff, responsible for defining processes, reviewing product requirements, and overseeing implementation and control. Welding contractors must employ coordinators with relevant expertise aligned with EN ISO 14731 standards. Manufacturers must ensure qualified welders per EN ISO 9606-1 or operators per EN ISO 14732, depending on the product and welding process used. Using quality assurance in welding for brake triangles as an example, all requirements applicable to welding of railway components were examined for one manufacturer.
Comparative analysis of train traffic using simulation models
Authors: Ognjanović Strahinja , Ilić Milivoje , Jovanović Predrag , Milinković Sanjin
Published: November 2024

Trains move in a specific way, along a pre-determined path, i.e. rails. The wheels of railway locomotives and rails are steel, and because of this, it is possible to achieve very high speeds, with relatively low resistance to movement. Analysis and research related to the movement of trains are very important from many aspects, especially for traffic safety. In this paper, a simulation of train movement under realistic conditions was performed. The simulation was created using the Python programming language. Infrastructure data, locomotive data, and resistances were used as input data, which Python later converts for simulation. The results of the simulation are presented both graphically and numerically. All data used in the Python simulation model was also input into the verified railway simulation software OpenTrack. The results from both tests were compared and analyzed, and a report was generated on the feasibility of using the created program in real-world scenarios.
Improving cyber security in railway traffic and transport using blockchain technology
Authors: Pavlović Zoran
Published: November 2024

Today, the management of railway traffic and transport is mainly based on the application of computer hardware and software components that are installed in the company's official premises. The application of information and communication technologies (ICT) includes all processes that take place in electronic business between employees, citizens, as well as between machines and devices, indirectly or directly. The improvement of business operations of companies with a tendency to grow and the application of digital infrastructure implies the use of protective mechanisms that prevent cyber attacks and threats. Cyber attacks in such complex business processes (the security of traffic regulation from dispatch centers and even to digital money transactions when buying a ticket or paying for the transportation of a shipment) can cause malicious activities from unknown attackers in order to redirect or modify messages. Basically, it is necessary to apply measures to protect connected computer systems, which include signaling, control, mutual communication and the safety of all traffic participants. This paper presents a model of protection, cyber security in the railway company, which implies the application of blockchain technology as today's most powerful mechanism for storing and memorizing data in digital processes.
Analysis of cyber security mechanism in railway companies in electronic business processes
Authors: Pavlović Zoran , Radičević Veljko , Milanović Miloš , Sulejmani Adela , Bursać Marko
Published: November 2024

Railway companies, in accordance with their vision and mission, have the basic task of traffic management as well as the transportation of users and goods. In order to regularly carry out business tasks, railway companies increasingly apply the available systems and technologies of electronic business. Basically, electronic business enables the modern implementation of business activities through digital channels. Today, traditional business models are being completely replaced by innovative digital models based on a large percentage of the use of computer systems in both companies and individuals in their homes. This innovative electronic business system requires the protection and security of all participants in digital communication processes. This paper presents cyber security mechanisms that can be applied by railway companies in business. The main goal is a comparative analysis of the protection mechanism, which includes the components of traditional protection systems that are already in place, up to modern ones that include the application of blockchain technology.
Possibility of applying modern systems for the sale of transport services in railway passenger traffic at RSR
Authors: Simić Nikola , Malić Aleksandar , Urumović Siniša , Urumović Biljana , Kuravica Danijela
Published: November 2024

The advantages of employing modern systems for selling transportation services in railway passenger traffic are manifold, benefiting both users and the carrier, in this case, the railway company. However, transitioning to modern systems in the organization of passenger transport within Republika Srpska Railways faces challenges, including the need to address existing restrictions which would require significant material and resource investments. Presently, ticket sales at RS Railways primarily rely on traditional methods such as K-6 surcharge blank-to-blank tickets and leaflet tickets. However, these methods present numerous drawbacks, including unclear basic data entry, incomplete information, and potential misuse. Moreover, processing issued surcharge blank-to-blank tickets involves challenges such as tariff control, revenue allocation in domestic joint traffic, and data submission on total revenue and dispatched passengers. To meet the increasingly diverse demands of transport users and improve operational efficiency, one viable option is the implementation of electronic ticketing devices onboard trains. Experiences from foreign railway administrations that have adopted mobile terminals indicate improvements in service quality, ticket inspector productivity, and revenue management, along with enhanced accuracy and reliability in income determination and reduced potential for manipulation. These advancements facilitate more effective planning and organization of passenger transport processes.
Effects of surface preparation on the adhesive bonding of aluminium alloy EN AW 5754 in the railway industry
Authors: Zdravković Nataša , Milčić Dragan , Klobčar Damjan , Milčić Miodrag , Pavlović Vukašin
Published: November 2024

In the railway industry, adhesive bonding is increasingly used as a reliable alternative to traditional mechanical fastening methods. This study investigates the effect of surface preparation methods on the bond strength of aluminium alloy EN AW 5754 using two different epoxy adhesives: SikaPower ®-492 G and SikaPower®-880. To evaluate the performance of the bonded joints, single-lap shear tests were performed using surface preparation with Scotch-Brite abrasive pads and P180 sandpaper. The results showed that SikaPower ®-492 G achieved higher bond strength with increased surface roughness, while SikaPower®-880 performed better on smoother surfaces, indicating that its formulation is optimised for better wetting and adhesion. These results provide valuable insights into the optimisation of adhesive performance as a function of surface conditions.
Improvement of spare parts stock management system for locomotive depot
Authors: Stoyanova Petya
Published: November 2024

This paper analyzes the inventory management system of spare parts for Locomotive Depot-Sofia. Considering the large inventory park of the depot, mainly the repair works related to the electric locomotives, series 44, 45, 61, as well as diesel-hydraulic locomotives, series 52 and 55 were considered. The periodicity of planned inspections and repairs is determined on the basis of traveled kilometers or working days. Exploitational inspections are provided for in the locomotive turnover schedule. In order to make an optimal delivery of spare parts in Locomotive Depot-Sofia, it is necessary to carry out analyzes and choose a system for managing the inventory. The decrease in the average availability of spare parts is related to an increase in the number of deliveries during the year, respectively a decrease in the quantity in one delivery. The higher the number of deliveries during the year, the higher the costs of deliveries. Inventory management is related to determining the optimal quantity in one delivery, as well as the optimal number of orders that will balance both types of costs and minimize them without affecting the continuous production.
Designing the wear and tear component in the structure of Track Access Charges
Authors: Malčić Vladimir , Bošković Branislav , Bugarinović Mirjana , Đuričić Ratko
Published: November 2024

This paper aims to provide and analyse the structure of Track Access Charges (TAC) for small railways, with a focus on the wear and tear component and its elements. A review and analysis of the wear and tear component in the TAC models for selected small railways have been conducted. The impact of wear and tear component in freight train charges, as well as the ratio between wear and tear charges and infrastructure capacity charges within the total TAC, has been thoroughly analyzed. The paper provides a discussion on the selection, representation, and evaluation of the impact of specific elements on the wear and tear of rails in TAC determination models. The research contributes to understanding the complex interactions between elements within the TAC structure, based on the experiences of railway infrastructure managers to date. The results of this research indicate that infrastructure managers of small railways have not developed a clear understanding of the factors influencing the wear and tear costs of infrastructure, leading to heterogeneity in the structure and level of Track Access Charges (TAC).
KPIs for evaluating the new technologies efficiency: The case of ZRS A.D. Doboj
Authors: Cvijanović Rade , Bošković Branislav , Bugarinović Mirjana , Đuričić Ratko
Published: November 2024

European freight railway operators, aiming to remain competitive in the Single European Railway Area, cannot enhance their competitiveness relative to road transport or meet user demands without investing in new technologies. The efficiency brought by these new technologies is a current and relevant topic (state of the art), but it must be verifiable and measurable. This is particularly important for railway operators on small networks, such as Republika Srpska Railways JSC. (Serbian: Zeljeznice Republike Srpske A.D. - ZRS), which have limited resources for investment. Therefore, it is crucial to identify and implement new technologies that will yield the greatest effect, thereby improving the competitiveness of the operators in the open market. The primary goal of this paper is to quantify the effects of introducing specific new technologies on the competitiveness of ZRS. The competitiveness of freight rail services is evaluated from the perspective of users (end users, freight forwarders, and logistics companies). By developing a set of KPIs for ZRS as a freight railway operator, it is possible to measure the direct impact of new technologies and technical solutions on the competitiveness of ZRS's rail services, thereby addressing identified weaknesses.
Railway project management: Contemporary issues and solutions
Authors: Petrova Irena
Published: November 2024

Railway transport is essential for the economic development of countries. However, railway project management faces a number of challenges. This scientific article analyzes the current problems and proposes solutions for the optimization of railway transport. The article examines the European policy forthe development of railway transport and the role of the state in the construction, management and rehabilitation of the railway infrastructure. An overview of the possibilities for financing railway projects through funds from the state budget and funds from the European Union is presented. The article provides analysis and suggestions for improving the management of railway projects and achieving a more efficient and sustainable railway transport.
Wheel slide protection in railway vehicles braking
Authors: Rankić Lazar , Milković Dragan
Published: November 2024

The paper presents the results of master's thesis dealing with checking the brake performances of railway vehicles at different adhesion conditions and working principle of wheel slide protection systems. The braking system is a significant system responsible for safe service of railway transport. It must meet many requirements defined in different international standards. The main terms and definitions associated with wheel slide protection are presented and explained. This research focuses wheel slide protection and its role to ensure the smallest possible increase in stopping distance in conditions of low adhesion for vehicles with pneumatic brake system and for the KT4 tram as an electric type of vehicle. Several control algorithms for control of brake system performances and wheel slide protection are presented along with their input and output parameters and error evaluations. During research we used different measurement methods and techniques within on-track brake tests with the TVEMA track recording vehicle of "Serbian Railway Infrastructure" AD.
Application of DEA method in railway transport
Authors: Josimović Marija , Petrović Nikola
Published: November 2024

The railway is a complex, dynamic system that constitutes the unity of railway infrastructure, vehicles, and personnel and has its function or goal. The main characteristics of rail transport are high speed, low cost, mass, and inelasticity. The main advantage of railways is their ability to transport large quantities of goods and people over long distances. From the moment of loading the goods or boarding passengers, the railway enables high-capacity transport at high speeds. One of the basic, but still insufficiently researched, performances is efficiency. In modern market operations, efficiency is a key factor in market success. Measuring efficiency is an important task of management to look at the previous operation of the unit and plan its future development. Considering the analysis model, the advantages of calculating the efficiency of the traffic solution can be applied in many other branches of the economy, such as education, various economic segments of city and state management, etc. Efficiency can be defined as the ability to achieve desired goals with minimal utilization of available resources. Information about efficiency is relative to the analyzed data. So, different data give different efficiency, which, however, is only valid when applying the same model. On the one hand, the data obtained from practice (empirical data) are variable (daily, monthly, and annual unevenness is known) and can be influenced (accidentally or planned). On the other hand, from the point of view of mathematics, it is known that two opposite models give the same result, namely: smaller input and the same output (input model) or the same input and larger output (output model). This research presents the application of the DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis) method for measuring the efficiency of rail freight transport in the Republic of Serbia from 2015 to 2021. In developing the DEA analysis model, the number of DMU decision units, or more precisely, variant solutions, is first determined, and each unit represents a specific year. The number of DMU decision units should equal or exceed the number of input-output parameters. The following parameters were used as input parameters: the number of employees in traffic and transport, the consumption of liquid fuels in traffic (in thousands of tons), the consumption of electricity in traffic (in thousands of MWh), the number of railway transport assets in the freight car fleet, and the and the tons of load capacity of railway transport assets expressed in thousands. As output parameters, the following were used: transported goods expressed in thousands of tons and transported goods in tons per kilometer. After certain DMU units, the number and sizes of input-output parameters have been determined, and the DEA model is set. The calculation was made based on the CCR model. For 2017, 2018, 2019, and 2021, maximum efficiency was achieved. For the other observed years, 2015, 2016, and 2020, the percentage values for decreasing input and increasing output parameters are given.
Principles of monetary law: Classical vs modern approach
Authors: Dimitrijević Marko
Published: November 2024

The subject matter of analysis in this paper is the importance, value and reach of the principles of monetary law which are observed through the prism of their original field of application and social justification in the period of early development, and the subsequent establishment of this positive law branch in the legal order, which indisputably determined the axiology and confirmed the validity of the academic and practical study of this scientific discipline. The paper further examines the theses on the (un)sustainability of the original principles (lex monetae) in the circumstances of accession to the monetary union, as well as today's monetary flows that increasingly rely on the use of digital technologies and the advantages of monetary innovations. It inevitably raises the question of redefining the form, the content and reach of the principle of lex monetae to maintain monetary stability as a public good, but also to preserve monetary sovereignty protected by the central bank as the supreme monetary institution. In the process of implementing the principles of monetary law, in the circumstances of the information revolution, the legislator may face not only the challenges related to the impact of decentralized financial technologies on the protection of the rights of monetary users and public monetary management but also the challenges related to monetary innovations carried out by the central bank itself as the bearer of monetary sovereignty. In the author's opinion, central bank digital money represents an ingenious solution, a compromise that will simultaneously allow the central bank to preserve its position as the guardian of monetary sovereignty while at the same time legalizing the use of private digital money that is already accepted in some monetary jurisdictions as a legal tender. A big challenge in preserving the principle of lex monetae is the idea of a kind of incorporation of software code into a legal norm, which is a complex multidisciplinary issue that lawyers cannot resolve alone but in close cooperation with other experts in the economic and technical professions. At the same time, this process must take the form of a specific and legally rounded international initiative because only by the simultaneous application of primary monetary legislation (which has been regulating lex monetae in an identical way for decades) and secondary monetary legislation (which deals with the issue of its digitization) at all levels of state management can ensure monetary stability as a global public good. In the absence of coordinated international cooperation between central banks and other subjects of international monetary law, monetary instability would easily spill to another monetary jurisdiction.
Legal principles from the Serbian Civil Code of the Principality of Serbia (1844) to the Pre-Draft of the Civil Code of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia (1934)
Authors: Kostovski Milica
Published: November 2024

The Serbian Civil Code of the Principality of Serbia (hereinafter: SCC 1844) was adopted 180 years ago, while the Pre-Draft of the Civil Code for the Kingdom of Yugoslavia (hereinafter: Pre-Draft CC 1934) was published 90 years ago. These two historical legal documents marked the important points on the development of Serbian civil law, which is a good reason to perform a comparative analysis of these two acts from a solid time distance. Considering the scope and complexity of the subject matter contained in these acts, the paper first focuses on the introductory rules where fundamental legal principles are proclaimed, such as the prohibition of retroactive application of law or the prohibition of abuse of law. The observed differences in the choice of key principles in the structure of the introductory parts and in the formulation of legal principles clearly testify about the state, political and economic differences between the Principality of Serbia in 1844 and the Kingdom of Yugoslavia in 1934. Some legal principles which will be analyzed in the paper were inspired by the spirit of the time when they were created, while others were the result of different foreign influences over a period of 90 years. In addition to providing a factual insight into the state of law in the analyzed periods, the comparison of these two acts also aims to demonstrate the evolution of law, which may be observed in the period of transition from the SCC to the Pre-Draft CC, and to indicate how the choice of certain legal principles influenced the contemporary law. Using the legal history and the comparative methods, the author provides a brief review of the socio-political circumstances and present the basic features of the development of civil law in the territories where both analyzed legal acts were created.
Restrictions to the principle of openness in Polish civil proceedings
Authors: Zembrzuski Tadeusz
Published: November 2024

The principle of openness, considered one of the fundamental procedural rules, is deeply rooted in Polish law. It is considered a basic safeguard of securing proper and impartial justice, and due access to the judiciary. It has been legitimated under Article 45 (§ 1) of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland, pursuant to which everyone has the right to a fair and public hearing without undue delay by a competent, independent and impartial court of law. The mechanism is reflected in systemic legal provisions regarding the organisation of justice, as well as in the Code of Civil Procedure. While the nature of the principle of openness is not absolute , it has been formally and universally accepted that the rule shall be subjected to no restrictions in judicial proceedings. Contrary to the above, changes to Polish procedural law over the years have resulted in a condition wherein the exception has become a de facto rule. Contemporarily, there are options of adjudicating with the openness principle set aside not only with regard to formal or procedural matters but merits of the case as well. The article is intended to present the evolution of the principle of openness in judicial proceedings in Poland, as something akin to a warning to other states against the risk of undermining the essence of that principle despite the formal preservation of the standard in question on systemic and statutory levels alike. Keywords: principles of judicial proceedings, principle of procedural openness , closed sessions, internal and external transparency, restrictions on the openness of proceedings.
Adaptive Reuse of a Historical Inn and Interior Interventions: The Case of Muhsinzade Han in Eminönü
Authors: Khorshid Alireza , Yıldız Neslihan
Published: November 2024

This research investigates the refunctioning and interior interventions of the Eminönü Muhsinzade Han, a structure of significant historical and cultural importance within Istanbul's architectural context. The study aims to examine the inn's historical context, its transformation processes, and the interventions related to its interior design. Conducted as a qualitative case study, the research employs data collection methods including archival research, structural analysis, and interior assessments. The findings demonstrate that the historical attributes of the inn can be preserved while being integrated with modern functions. The interior interventions involve redefining historical functions and aligning them with contemporary design elements. The study's results contribute to the literature on refunctioning and architectural conservation, indicating that a successful balance has been achieved between preserving historical values and meeting modern functional requirements.
Metric and temporal relationships in collaborative map drawings
Authors: Guelton Bernard
Published: November 2024

While a number of studies have distinguished spatial and temporal memorization at individual level, none seem to have examined these two memorization modes in collaborative map drawing. After an initial review of the distinctions between spatial and temporal memorization at individual level, and a study of inhibition in collaborative memorization, we present several analyses carried out on 24 collaborative drawings from an urban spatial exploration. We compare metric and temporal measurements on these drawings to identify possible relationships between metric and temporal approaches, depending on whether group members proceeded individually or collectively in the urban exploration prior to the collaborative drawing phase.- Based on 6 landmarks common to all drawings, an initial approach to metric and temporal measurements is carried out by comparing the distances obtained from the graphs created on the drawings, with the temporal measurements deduced from the video recordings. While the metric measures correlate well with the physical space (Google), they neither enable us to observe significant relationships between metric and temporal distances, nor to discriminate sufficiently between the groups.- A second approach has therefore been taken, this time comparing the distances obtained from the starting point of urban exploration with landmarks’ order of appearance in the videos. In this case, the correlations obtained between metric distances and landmarks’ order of appearance prove to be significant for the group that interacted collectively in the urban space, but not for the groups that explored individually. Nevertheless, the group that repeated the collective exploration a month later showed relative independence from metric distances, in favor of a more global representation of the environment.
Pelatihan Sepeda Motor Full Injeksi Untuk Mendukung Kompetensi Berwirausaha Pemuda Karang Taruna
Authors: Achmadromadin  , Harianto Dedi , Ikbal Riski A. Danial Mohamad , Hamka Buya
Published: November 2024

Pemuda Karang Taruna merupakan salah satu aset penting dalam pembangunan masyarakat dan ekonomi di tingkat lokal. Dalam era digital ini, pemahaman dan keahlian dalam bidang teknologi menjadi semakin penting, termasuk di sektor otomotif. Pelatihan sepeda motor full injeksi menjadi strategi yang relevan dalam meningkatkan kompetensi kewirausahaan di kalangan pemuda Karang Taruna. Pelatihan ini bertujuan untuk memberikan pengetahuan mendalam tentang sistem injeksi bahan bakar pada sepeda motor serta keterampilan praktis dalam perawatan dan perbaikan. Metode pelatihan motor full injeksi terbagi menjadi tiga tahapan yaitu, training kewirausahaan, tahapan training service berkala dan simulasi servis berkala. Pelatihan ini juga memberikan kesempatan dan peluang bagi para peserta pelatihan untuk memulai berwirausaha, dengan memfasilitasi pengembangan rencana bisnis yang berorientasi pada pasar lokal
Pelatihan Menulis Karya Sastra Puisi di SMA 13 Makassar
Authors: Abidin Aslan , Ridwan  , Filawati
Published: November 2024

Reading and writing skills are one of the most important language skills needed by students. Good reading habits will develop self-awareness to explore language, enrich vocabulary, seek inspiration and encourage students' creative thinking when writing literary works, especially poetry. Therefore, creative strategies are needed to increase students' potential and interest, including training writing skills, especially writing literary works. This partnership program is implemented in the form of poetry writing training at SMA 13 Makassar. 13 Makassar. This training aims to increase students' knowledge and skills in writing poetry. This activity is in line with the Tri Dharma of Higher Education which provides learning experiences for students through the practice of literary writing skills. literary writing skills. The method used in this activity is by practicing writing poetry based on topics that are interesting to children. The objectives to be achieved from this PKM activity are as follows: (1) to motivate students about the importance of gaining aesthetic and intellectual knowledge through reading literary works; (2) students gain knowledge (theoretical) about good writing techniques so that students are able to communicate their ideas in the form of poetry. communicate their ideas in the form of poetry; (3) create a poetic climate that can make students enjoy reading and writing poetry; (4) improve the intellectual quality of students by continuing to share knowledge and provide adequate training on the basics of writing poetry. the basics of writing good poetry; and (5) publishing an anthology of students' poetry to give students pride. anthology of students' poetry to provide intellectual pride for having creating and publishing poetry artworks.
A Review of Fiber Weight Fraction in Composite Yachts
Authors: Pescarau Alexander
Published: November 2024

Fiber weight fraction refers to the ratio of the weight of fibers in a composite laminate to the total weight of the laminate. This variable is critical for both the design of composite structures and ensuring manufacturing quality control. In this paper, a thorough review of fiber weight fraction is conducted, utilizing both existing regulations and secondary research sources. The paper begins by highlighting the importance of fiber weight fraction in composite design and manufacturing. Next, it defines the numerical parameters that describe fiber weight fraction, providing clarity on its calculation. Various methods for determining fiber weight fraction are then outlined, each with its advantages and limitations. In addition, standard indicative values are presented based on guidelines from regulatory bodies. Following this, the influence of fiber weight fraction on the mechanical properties of composite materials, such as strength and stiffness, is discussed in detail. Finally, the paper identifies key opportunities for future research, with a particular focus on the need for deeper investigation into fiber weight fraction in non-wood cellulose fibers and recycled mats, such as recycled carbon fibers. These materials are not yet fully understood in terms of their fiber weight fraction, which could pose challenges to their broader adoption in composite manufacturing. Overall, the review provides a state-of-the-art assessment of fiber weight fraction in composite yacht construction and offers recommendations for further research to address existing knowledge gaps.