bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Iron deficiency anaemia in young children (6 to 23 months) in relation to complementary feeding practices in rural Telangana, India
Authors: Sailaja K. , Reddy K. Venkataramana , Reddy K. Abhishek , Keerthi S.
Published: May 2017

Background: Iron deficiency, is the most common micronutrient deficiency seen in all age groups throughout the world. Young infants are more vulnerable because of growing size and increased demand. Iron deficiency anaemia due to improper complementary feeding practices in young children, will affect growth, cognitive and immune functions of the growing child.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted from 01-05-2016 to 01-02-2017, at the Department of Paediatrics, S. V. S. Medical College and Hospital, Mahabubnagar, Telangana, India. The study included 130 children attended to our well baby clinics. A questionnaire was filled by mothers after taking consent. Data was Collected data was analysed using statistical package SPSS software version-19. Chi-square test was carried to test the relation. P-Value < 0.05 was considered as significant.Results: Prolonged breast feeding, late weaning, parent’s educational status and socioeconomic status are found to significant (p value <0.05) risk factors in contributing to the development of iron deficiency anaemia.Conclusions: As young infants are more prone for iron deficiency anaemia in the later part of first year, implementation of proper complementary feeding practices as advised by Infant and Young Child Feeding practices are essential.
Socio-demographic distribution of hypertension and its risk factors among urban slum adults of Tirupati: a cross sectional study
Authors: Deekala Ravi Sankar , G. Ravi Prabhu , R. Altaf Hussain , Kadari Saritha
Published: May 2017

Background: Some of the community surveys have documented that between three and six decades, prevalence of hypertension has increased by about 30 times in urban people and by about 10 times among the rural area people. Urban population of developing countries is showing similar prevalence to that of developed countries. Treating hypertension has been associated with 15% reduction in incidence of myocardial infarction and 40% reduction of stroke. The objectives of the study were to estimate the prevalence of hypertension among adults aged between 30-50 years in selected urban slum areas of Tirupati and to know the associated important risk factors with hypertension in the study subjects.Methods: A community based cross sectional study was conducted in urban slum community of Tirupati, to estimate the prevalence and its risk factors of Hypertension by using the JNC VII criteria. This study was conducted during January 2012 to February 2013, among 2136 subjects of 30-50 years age group. Results: The prevalence of hypertension was found 481 (22.5%), majority of them belongs to the age group of 45-50 years 212 (44.0%) and lowest in 30-35 years 45 (9.3%). Hypertension was predominant in males 186 (30.1%) than females 295 (19.4%). Conclusions: This study found that there is increasing trend of prevalence of hypertension in the urban community. This study suggests to health planners to take remedial measures to address growing hypertension in the community through health education about lifestyle changes, dietary modification, and avoidance of stress.
The result of treadmill test in asymptomatic type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Joshi Anil Shrinivasrao , Lahane Chandrakant Gunaji , Kashid Akshay Arvind
Published: May 2017

Background: To study the prevalence of silent myocardial ischaemia in asymptomatic patients with type 2 DM.

Methods: The present study was conducted in the Govt. Medical College and Hospital Aurangabad. During December 2012 to November 2014 with 50 patients. It was two year cross sectional study with the patients of asymptomatic type 2 diabetes mellitus without clinical and electrocardiographic evidence of coronary artery disease.

Results: 12 (24%) out of 50 subjects had positive TMT. It correlated with years of duration of diabetes (9 positive TMT cases with duration of diabetes more than 10 years). 5 (25%) out of 20 had serum cholesterol levels >240, Number of positive TMT were higher in patients with LDL >160 [5 (25%) out of 20].

Conclusions: Diabetic patients are at very high risk for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Early detection of IHD is very important so that pharmacological therapy, which may improve outcome, can be established. Tread mill exercise TMT being a non-invasive test with high safety, has an important role in early detection of IHD. It is recommended that TMT should be a part of routine management in asymptomatic patients with type II DM. 
Comparative evaluation of efficacy of various probiotics on Streptococcus species
Authors: Chandak Shweta , Moon Ankita A. , Karale Shruti S. , Bharadwaj Amit
Published: May 2017

Background: Probiotics which when administered in adequate amounts confer a health benefit on the host. The role of probiotics is the replacement of pathogenic species with non-pathogenic species. Dairy food like cheese, curd and milk are considered as useful vehicles to carry probiotic bacteria. Aim of the study was to compare and evaluate the efficacy of various probiotics against different Streptococcus species.

Methods: Three probiotic products viz probiotic milk, probiotic yogurt and probiotic capsules were used. Streptococcus species i.e. S. mutans, S. sanguinis and S. sobrinus were isolated from the saliva of children with moderate to high caries. 0.2 ml of each probiotic product was transferred to the blood agar plates coated with Streptococcus species.  

Results: The zone of inhibition was observed in all the test groups, for all the Streptococcus species against all the probiotics, highest for S. mutans against probiotic milk. The growth of S. mutans, S. sanguinis and S. sobrinus was inhibited by L. casei shirota present in probiotic milk (Yakult), Lactobacilli acidophilus present in probiotic yogurt (Actiplus nestle) followed by Lactobacilli rhamnosus present in pre and probiotic capsule (Inlife).

Conclusions: The use of probiotic products that are readily available and cost effective like milk and yogurt can be inculcated in general population especially in children as a preventive tool for dental caries. 
Modified supracondylar dome osteotomy: our experience in 11 children
Authors: . Abhinav , Manav Ajoy Kumar , Singh Arjun
Published: May 2017

Background: The present retrospective study was done with 11 children having cubitus varus following supracondylar fractures to access the stability of modified domeosteotomy and its fixation with k-wires in older children.

Methods: 11 children, 7 males & 4 females were included in the study. The osteotomy was performed through posterior approach. The triangular wedge rotated inside the notch was inherently stable and also fixed with k-wires. Patients were followed at regular intervals. K wires were removed at 6 weeks and the physiotherapy started.

Results: The correction obtained under vision was well maintained post operatively in 10 out of 11 cases. In only one case there was back out of k-wires and loss of correction. 5 cases had excellent result followed by 4 good and one fair result.

Conclusions: Modified dome osteotomy performed through posterior approach and fixed with k-wires gives good results. Removal of the k-wires is simple. However, in children above 14 years plate fixation might be better to prevent loss of correction.
Design and implementation of a health promotion program to prevent the harmful effects of ultraviolet radiation at primary school students of rural areas of Greece
Authors: Sakoufaki Maria , Stergiopoulou Aravella , Stratigos Alexander
Published: May 2017

Background: Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer presenting with a dramatic increase in its incidence among Caucasian populations worldwide. Primary prevention in childhood and early detection is important in reducing the risk of skin cancer later in life.The objectives of the study were to investigate the effect of a focused educational intervention in school children aiming to increase their knowledge about the harmful effects of sun exposure and promote prevention behaviors regarding skin cancer

Methods: The study consisted of a before/after 6-month assessment of a school intervention program applied in two hundred children from four primary Schools (Grades 3-6) at a rural area in Western Greece. The program included the presentation and distribution of educational material (activity guide, manual for pupils, posters). A detailed questionnaire with close-ended questions was distributed before and after the intervention. Both between and in groups analysis was conducted.

Results: Of the participating pupils, 48% were boys, whereas 78.5% reported a fair skin complexion and 79% reported freckles and 1-20 nevi. After the intervention, an increased number of pupils were taught to enjoy sun exposure while avoiding its harmful effects. A significantly greater number of children stated proper use of sunscreen (74% vs. 31%, p=0.001) and sun protection (that avoided going outside especially at the intense hours of daily UV exposure (65% vs. 25.5% prior to the intervention). Melanoma awareness was also significantly raised.

Conclusions: Students’ knowledge about the effects of sun exposure as well as the need for sun protection increased following a targeted and well-designed educational intervention. The development of preventive educational programs on skin cancer for school children is important to increase awareness in this sensitive age group.
Trilhas da imaginação: compreendendo a construção histórica e social do “exotismo amazônico” por uma leitura ecossistêmica comunicacional
Authors: Lopes Rafael De Figueiredo , Nogueira Wilson De Souza , Nogueira Wilson De Souza
Published: May 2017

O artigo propõe uma reflexão sobre o contexto exótico e espetacular atribuído à Amazônia, numa perspectiva metodológica ecossistêmica comunicacional, ou seja, analisando o fenômeno na articulação entre fatores históricos, humanos, socioculturais, ambientais e tecnológicos. Desse modo, expõe um mosaico de multiplicidades, procurando resgatar aspectos que contribuíram para a cristalização do imaginário sobre a região, enfocando características relativas à formação do ambiente natural, à presença humana e suas diferentes etnias e às transformações socioculturais ocorridas ao longo do processo histórico. Percebe-se, que a força de ideologias hegemônicas construíram ideias e valores que ainda se propagam no senso comum, principalmente, pelos meios de comunicação. Assim, as concepções sobre a Amazônia costumam reproduzir símbolos e valores do imaginário colonizado, reforçando estereótipos, clichês culturais e limitando a compreensão das singularidades de uma região heterogênea.
Coleções, museus e patrimônios das culturas negras
Authors: Britto Clóvis Carvalho
Published: May 2017

A intenção do dossiê é reunir artigos que problematizem questões ligadas às coleções, aos museus e aos patrimônios das culturas africanas e de sua diáspora. No intuito de refletir sobre os usos plurais dos museus, as políticas da memória e as diferentes escritas da História e da Museologia, priorizará trabalhos teóricos e estudos de caso que abordem patrimônios das culturas negras em suas dimensões culturais, naturais, tangíveis e intangíveis. Pretende, também, acolher reflexões sobre colecionismo, cultura material, trajetórias de vida, saberes, discursos e relações de poder com enfoque para as expressões culturais afro-brasileiras, bem como para as políticas de patrimonialização daí resultantes
Fitossociologia em sistemas agroflorestais com diferentes idades de implantação no município de Medicilândia, PA
Authors: Silva Dionisio Luiz Fernandes , Leão Fabio Miranda , Euzébio da Silva Nágilla Gabriella , Barbosa Larissa Martins , Silva de Oliveira Marcelo Henrique , Prado Neves Raphael Lobato
Published: May 2017

Os sistemas agroflorestais surgem como alternativa à degradação dos recursos naturais, pois possibilitam a harmonia entre agricultura e espécies florestais, garantindo a sustentabilidade ambiental. Objetivou-se com o presente trabalho avaliar a composição florística e comparar a estrutura de três sistemas agroflorestais com idades de 20, 30 e 40 anos no Município de Medicilândia, PA. Para análise florística e estrutural, realizou-se o censo florestal nos três sistemas agroflorestais, inventariando todos os indivíduos arbóreos com diâmetro a altura do peito > 10 cm. Para a análise da estrutura horizontal, foram considerados os parâmetros fitossociológicos absolutos e relativos de densidade e dominância. Os parâmetros absolutos e relativos da posição sociológica e regeneração natural foram calculados para a análise estrutural vertical dos sistemas. Para análise do Índice de Valor de Importância Ampliado (IVIA), foram somados todos os parâmetros verticais e horizontais relativos. Os sistemas agroflorestais apresentaram distribuição diamétrica em forma de “J invertido”. Por serem espécies chaves no plantio agroflorestal, Swietenia macrophylla e Tabebuia impetignosa foram as espécies mais importantes em todos os sistemas agroflorestais. A condução da regeneração natural favoreceu o estabelecimento de espécies de valor comercial que não fizeram parte do arranjo inicial dos SAFs, tais como Bagassa guianenses, Tabebuia serratifolia, Schizolobium amazonicum e Dipteryx odorata, denotando sustentabilidade econômica e ecológica nestes sistemas.
Variabilidade espacial de atributos do solo indicadores de degradação ambiental em microbacia hidrográfica
Authors: De Aquino Lemos Filho Luis César , Nicodemos Ferreira Larissa Luana , De Lyra Daniel Lima
Published: May 2017

O uso e a exploração além da capacidade de suporte e a ausência de práticas conservacionistas trazem consequências negativas para os solos, como impactos em suas propriedades físicas e químicas, acelerando o processo de degradação. Logo, o conhecimento da variabilidade espacial das propriedades do solo, como densidade e matéria orgânica, pode contribuir para o seu manejo adequado. Com isso, objetivou-se estudar a dependência espacial dessas duas variáveis, densidade e matéria orgânica do solo, por meio de técnicas da geoestatística. O trabalho foi realizado numa microbacia hidrográfica de cabeceira, no município de Andrelândia-MG. Foram selecionados 58 pontos, nos quais foram analisados os dois atributos nas camadas de 0-0,2 e 0,2-0,4 m de profundidade. Os resultados mostraram que a camada de 0-0,2 m apresenta-se menos compactada e com maior teor de matéria orgânica quando comparada com a camada de 0,2-0,4 m. O modelo do semivariograma que apresentou maior dependência espacial foi o exponencial. A densidade e a matéria orgânica do solo apresentaram dependência espacial, o que mostra a importância desses estudos para manejar adequadamente o solo, visto que a krigagem mostrou ser uma relevante ferramenta no conhecimento da dinâmica espacial da densidade do solo e da matéria orgânica na microbacia, podendo ser utilizada na tomada de decisão, tanto para a conservação quanto para a manutenção da qualidade dos recursos naturais.
Disponibilidade de fósforo e produção de biomassa de pinhão manso em solos com distintas texturas e doses de fósforo
Authors: Dias de Souza Renata Patrícia , Pegoraro Rodinei Facco , Dos Reis Sidnei Tavares
Published: May 2017

É de máxima importância o conhecimento das necessidades nutricionais do pinhão manso (Jatropha curcas L.) cultivado em solos brasileiros, onde a adubação se faz necessária para o sucesso dos cultivos. Assim, objetivou-se com esta pesquisa avaliar a disponibilidade de fósforo (P) pelos extratores Mehlich 1, Olsen e Resina de Troca Aniônica, bem como a produção de biomassa do pinhão manso cultivado em Latossolo com diferentes texturas e doses de P2O5. O estudo seguiu o delineamento experimental em blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial (2x6x3), com três repetições. Os tratamentos resultaram da combinação de dois solos (argiloso e arenoso), seis doses de P2O5 (50; 100; 150; 200; 250 e 300 kg ha-1) e três extratores (Melich 1, Olsen e Resina de Troca Aniônica). O pinhão manso foi cultivado em vasos por 90 dias, quando foram coletas amostras de solo para determinar o teor de P pelos extratores. A produção de biomassa e o conteúdo de P na planta foram maiores no solo arenoso e a produção de folhas e o conteúdo de P nas folhas, talo e raízes foram incrementados, de modo linear, até a dose 300 kg ha-1 de P2O5, indicando elevada demanda de P por essa cultura. O extrator Mehlich 1 quantificou maiores teores de P em comparação ao Olsen e à Resina de Troca Aniônica, possivelmente pela sua capacidade de extração de P-Ca nos solos,em razão da origem calcária. No entanto, o teor de P extraído pela Resina de Troca Aniônica e pelo Olsen apresentou maior relação com o conteúdo de P e produção de biomassa do pinhão manso, sendo mais indicados para avaliar o P disponível para a fase inicial de desenvolvimento dessa cultura.
Primeira ocorrência de Ceratitis capitata (Wied.) no Estado de Roraima, Brasil
Authors: Trassato Luciana Baú , Lopes Monteiro Neto João Luiz , Silva Lima Antônio Cesar , Da Silva Edgley Soares , Teles Beatriz Ronchi , Gabriel da Silva Carmo Ignácio Lund
Published: May 2017

A mosca-do-mediterrâneo, Ceratitis capitata (Wied.), por apresentar características cosmopolita e invasora, é considerada o tefritideo mais nocivo à fruticultura mundial, causando perdas produtivas superiores a qualquer outra espécie da sua família. No Brasil, foi primeiramente detectada em 1901 no estado de São Paulo, e estava presente em 22 das 27 unidades federativas até o ano de 2014. Em razão da sua importância econômica e da constante entrada de hospedeiros no estado, a hipótese deste estudo foi de que a mosca-do-mediterrâneo (Ceratitis capitata Wied.) já está presente em Roraima. Coletas semanais de frutos potencialmente hospedeiros foram realizadas em outubro de 2014 na área urbana do município de Boa Vista, Roraima. Os frutos coletados foram conduzidos ao Laboratório de Entomologia da Universidade Federal de Roraima, onde foram pesados, contados e acondicionados sob condições controladas de temperatura e umidade para obtenção de pupários. Após a emergência, as moscas foram alimentadas com água e mel a 25% por dois dias, fixadas em álcool 70% e enviadas à Coordenação de Pesquisas em Entomologia do Instituto Nacional de Pesquisa da Amazônia (INPA), em Manaus (AM), para identificação. Assim, foram detectados exemplares de Ceratitis capitata (Wied.) (Diptera: Thephritidae) em frutos de goiabeira (Psidium guajava L.), aceitando-se a hipótese de que essa praga já está presente em Roraima. Portanto, relata-se aqui o primeiro registro de ocorrência de Ceratitis capitata (Wied.) no estado de Roraima.
Influência de diferentes substratos na produção de mudas de flamboyant Delonix regia (Bojer ex Hook.) Raf.
Authors: Aquino Marinho Paulo Henrique , De Sousa Rhonan Martins , Giongo Marcos , Viola Marcelo Ribeiro , De Souza Priscila Bezerra
Published: May 2017

Delonix regia é uma essência florestal utilizada no reflorestamento e na arborização de praças, parques e ruas de várias cidades do Brasil. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar diferentes composições de substratos para a produção de mudas de flamboyant Delonix regia. O experimento foi conduzido no Viveiro Florestal da UFT. O delineamento experimental adotado foi o inteiramente casualizado, com dez tratamentos e oito repetições. Os tratamentos avaliados foram: T1-Testemunha (Substrato comercial), T2- Substrato comercial + Fibra de coco (70:30), T3-Substrato comercial + Casca de arroz carbonizada (70:30), T4-Substrato comercial + Fibra de coco (50:50), T5-Substrato comercial + Casca de arroz carbonizada (50:50), T6-Substrato comercial + Fibra de coco (30:70), T7-Substrato comercial + Casca de arroz carbonizada (30:70), T8-Substrato comercial + Fibra de coco + Casca de arroz carbonizada (50:25:25), T9-Substrato comercial + Fibra de coco + Casca de arroz carbonizada (25:25:50) e T10-Substrato comercial + Fibra de coco + Casca de arroz carbonizada (25:50:25). As avaliações foram realizadas aos 30, 60 e 90 dias após o plantio. Os parâmetros avaliados foram: diâmetro do coleto (DC), altura (H), relação altura diâmetro (H/DC), massa seca da parte aérea (MSPA), massa seca de raiz (MSR), massa seca total (MST), massa seca da parte aérea/massa seca de raiz (MSPA/MSR) e Índice de qualidade de Dickson (IQD). Aos 90 dias, T6 apresentou melhores resultados nos parâmetros: DC (4,60 mm), H (11,22 cm), MSPA (3,71 g), MSR (3,99 g), MST (7,71 g) e IQD (2,28). E T5 obteve melhor resultado para MSPA/MSR (0,974 g). Portanto, pode-se concluir que o tratamento composto por 30% de substrato comercial e 70% de fibra de coco foi considerado o melhor tratamento para a produção de mudas de Delonix regia.
Modelos alométricos para determinação da área foliar de cacaueiro ‘PH-16’ em sombreamento e pleno sol
Authors: Schmildt Edilson Romais , Trevisan Evelyn , Belique Marcel , Schmildt Omar
Published: May 2017

Objetivou-se com este trabalho estudar a modelagem estatística da área foliar de cacaueiro (Theobroma cacao L. ‘PH-16’), em ambiente sombreado e a pleno sol. Coletaram-se aleatoriamente 200 folhas de cacaueiro (100 foram de plantas em cultivo sombreado e 100 em cultivo a pleno sol), situadas em lavouras cacaueiras no município de Linhares (ES), para estudo de suas medidas lineares. As folhas foram separadas em dois grupos, um para estimativa das equações e outro para validação dessas equações. Todas as folhas foram caracterizadas quanto ao comprimento (C), largura (L) e área foliar. A estimativa da área foliar foi feita pelos modelos linear, potência e exponencial, a partir das medidas de C, L e CL, como variáveis independentes. Na validação das equações obtidas, avaliou-se também a equação proposta por Azomaning e Lockard. Há diferença na morfologia foliar de cacau cultivado na sombra e em pleno sol, no entanto, o ambiente não afeta estatisticamente o intercepto dos modelos linear e potência, justificando a modelagem pelo uso conjunto de folhas dos dois ambientes. É possível estimar a área foliar do cacau a partir de equações alométricas, sendo mais precisas as equações que usam como variável explicativa o produto CL. A equação com modelo potência AFE = 0,6736 (CL)1,0036 é a mais indicada para estimar a área foliar de cacau ‘PH-16’, podendo ser usada tanto para folhas de plantas em ambiente sombreado quanto a pleno sol.
Liderança: percepção de alunos ingressantes de um curso de Engenharia de Produção em um ambiente de aprendizagem baseada em projetos
Authors: Barreto Maria Auxiliadora Motta , Watanabe Karen Natsumi , Grillo Camila Cezar , Pereira Marco Antonio Carvalho
Published: June 2017

A Aprendizagem Baseada em Projetos (ABPj) vem sendo utilizada, desde 2013, na disciplina “Projeto Integrado de Engenharia de Produção I” para os alunos ingressantes do curso de Engenharia de Produção da Escola de Engenharia de Lorena da Universidade de São Paulo. O objetivo da utilização de tal metodologia é a exposição do aluno a situações muito próximas das que encontrará em sua vida profissional, futuramente. Uma das competências que se espera de um bom profissional de engenharia é a atuação como líder ou liderado pois, invariavelmente, estará em uma das posições. Considerando que, nos últimos anos, o enfoque sobre liderança vem sofrendo modificações em função das necessidades do mercado, passando de uma posição fixa para um conjunto de atributos desejáveis, o objetivo deste trabalho é analisar a percepção dos alunos sobre tal competência. Em 2015, foi realizado um estudo de caso com alunos do 1º semestre do curso, num total de 41, distribuídos em 6 equipes com 6 ou 7 integrantes cada uma delas. Na aplicação da ABPj foram designados, entre os membros de cada equipe, dois líderes: O primeiro, voluntário, na primeira aula e o segundo, escolhido pelo grupo, no meio do semestre. Os dados foram coletados por meio de questionários aplicados, no meio e o no final do semestre, e da compilação e análise de registros dos alunos no aplicativo whatsapp, utilizado durante todo o período por todas as equipes. Os resultados obtidos permitiram identificar uma valorização positiva da figura do líder ao longo do projeto, sendo o segundo líder melhor avaliado do que o primeiro. Além disso, nas conversas do whatsapp foi possível verificar a valorização de atitudes como iniciativa, comunicação constante, compartilhada e participativa, organização e responsabilização
CONSOLIDAÇÃO DE CALCÁRIOS MUITO POROSOS, PROBLEMAS E PERSPECTIVAS DE SOLUÇÃO
Authors: Rodrigues José Delgado , Pinto Ana Paula Ferreira
Published: June 2017

ResumoOs calcários muito porosos estão presentes em muitos objectos e construções de valor cultural e os problemas que frequentemente apresentam são de muito difícil resolução. O artigo faz uma breve resenha sobre os problemas e sobre os principais métodos que têm sido propostos para repor a coesão em zonas muito afectadas pela deterioração. A consolidação com resinas orgânicas e com silicatos de etilo têm mostrado sérios inconvenientes, pelo que as alternativas de consolidação com produtos de base inorgânica, caídos em desuso nas épocas recentes, estão a merecer novos esforços de investigação, com resultados promissores. Dentre estes produtos, faremos breve referência ao hidróxido de cálcio e às nanocais, e ainda ao hidróxido de bário, oxalato de amónio e fosfato de amónio. Palavras Chave: calcários muito porosos; consolidação; água de cal; hidróxido de bário; oxalato de amónio AbstractCONSOLIDATION OF VERY POROUS LIMESTONE, PROBLEMS AND PERSPECTIVES OF SOLUTION. Very porous limestones are present in many objects and buildings of cultural value and frequently show problems very difficult to resolve. The article is a brief summary of the problems and the main methods that have been proposed to increment the resistance of limestones severely affected by deteriorating processes. Consolidation with organic resins and ethyl silicate have shown serious limitations, and the consolidation alternatives with inorganic products, fallen into disuse in recent times, are nowadays object of research with promising results. Among these products, we will briefly refer calcium hydroxide and nanolime, as well as barium hydroxide, ammonium oxalate, and ammonium phosphate. Keywords: very porous limestones; consolidation; calcium hydroxide; barium hydroxide; ammonium oxalate
Demonetization to Digitalization: A Step Toward Progress
Authors: Harshita Bhatnagar ,   Department of Commerce and Management, Vidya Bhawan Rural Institute (Affiliated to Mohan Lal Sukhadia University), Badgoan, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India.
Published: May 2017

Journey from demonetization to digitalization is very hard hitting but not impossible. Recent demonetization in India on November 8, 2016, created lot of panic in the economy but also paved the way to digitalization. Cash crunch and availability of e-sources of transactions compelled many people to use electronic modes of payment. Credit cards, debit cards/RuPay card, USSD/UPI, Internet banking, mobile wallets like Oxigen, Paytm, Mobiwik, aadhar-enabled payment system, POS, and so on are few popular modes of electronic transaction, which are commonly used by the citizen. Digitalization will embrace higher transparency in monetary terms; low-cost maintenance; more convenience in use; and help in financial inclusion and weeding out black money and counterfeit money from the economy. But journey to a destination is always full of roadblocks, and similarly the journey of India toward a digital India is also full of hurdles like a huge illiteracy rate; low bandwidth; more unbanked areas; late adoption of technology; lack of full-time electricity; security concerns like hacking, cybercrime, and safety of personal details; and need for high investments. So, to defend the dream of a digital India, we have to develop well-defined strategies to coach people in using technology like focusing on customer education as well as employee education in technology by conducting workshops, presentations, enforcing strict cyber laws, use of local language, and developing user-friendly websites that leverage technology using the development of simple and smart digital tools, such as the use of a one-time password (OTP). The government has started Vittiya Sakharata Abhiyaan (VISAKA) and outreach campaigns like DigiDhan Abhiyan and so on to encourage people to adopt digital tools. Overall demonetization is greasing the wheels of digitalization and transforming India into Digital India.
El entorno actual del mercado y la necesidad de traducción especializada en Alemania
Authors: Hennecke Angelika
Published: May 2017

En este artículo, se hace una breve descripción y evaluación del mercado laboral para traductores en Alemania. Se consideran los cambios ocurridos con base en las nuevas tecnologías y formas de comunicación a través del internet y los medios digitales. Se describen las experiencias con este tipo de formación en Alemania, con especial atención al Máster en Traducción Especializada de la Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas de Colonia (TH Köln). En este contexto, también se discuten los déficits todavía existentes en la didáctica de la traducción y las implicaciones para superarlos, a fin de poder preparar a los futuros traductores adecuadamente a un mercado laboral cada vez más complejo y exigente.
La dinámica interpersonal como fuerza argumentativa entre Aznar y Zapatero
Authors: Espejo Muriel María del Mar
Published: May 2017

En este artículo se analizan los Debates del estado de la nación de los Presidentes correspondientes a los años: 2001- 2003 (Aznar) y 2005 -2011 (Zapatero). En cuanto al método de investigación, desde la polifonía de la enunciación, se estudian las estrategias discursivas que intervienen en la preservación de la identidad del emisor en sus diferentes funciones; de manera especial, en el desarrollo de la alternancia de roles. Para ello se abordan las producciones textuales que combinan estructuras verbales narradas en primera persona del singular y primera del plural. Los resultados indican que hay que atender a la construcción argumentativa que presenta la intersubjetividad de imagen del propio emisor como principal responsable de su discurso; los recursos y estrategias pragmáticas y comunicativas desarrolladas en la gestión de imagen, atendiendo principalmente las siguientes funciones: el Ethos, el Pathos y el Logos.
Redes sociales virtuales como dispositivos mediáticos contemporáneos
Authors: Beltrán Daniel Ernesto
Published: May 2017

El objetivo de la investigación fue indagar el modo en que las redes sociales virtuales se constituyen en moduladores del consumo y de la producción de información en el marco de las nuevas dinámicas de mercado globalizado. Desde una perspectiva empírico-analítica, se empleó un enfoque de análisis de contenido de carácter mixto para estudiar los recursos de carácter multimodal presentes en las herramientas y mecanismos inter-activos de las redes sociales. El principal hallazgo es que la disposición de las redes sociales virtuales (RSV) hacia la producción y el consumo de información del usuario se logra a través de los recursos de carácter multimodal presentes en las herramientas y mecanismos inter-activos de las redes sociales. Ello ilustra el modo en que las RSV se constituyen en nuevos dispositivos mediáticos de control.
Generalized Aggregation of Sparse Coded Multi-spectral for Satellite Scene Classification
Authors: Han Xian-Hua , Chen Yen-Wei
Published: June 2017

Satellite scene classification is challenging because of the high variability inherent in satellite data. Although rapid progress in remote sensing techniques has been witnessed in recent years, the resolution of the available satellite images remains limited compared with the general images acquired using a common camera. On the other hand, a satellite image usually has a greater number of spectral bands than a general image, thereby permitting the multi-spectral analysis of different land materials and promoting low-resolution satellite scene recognition. This study advocates multi-spectral analysis and explores the middle-level statistics of spectral information for satellite scene representation instead of using spatial analysis. This approach is widely utilized in general image and natural scene classification and achieved promising recognition performance for different applications. The proposed multi-spectral analysis firstly learns the multi-spectral prototypes (codebook) for representing any pixel-wise spectral data, and then based on the learned codebook, a sparse coded spectral vector can be obtained with machine learning techniques. Furthermore, in order to combine the set of coded spectral vectors in a satellite scene image, we propose a hybrid aggregation (pooling) approach, instead of conventional averaging and max pooling, which includes the benefits of the two existing methods but avoids extremely noisy coded values. Experiments on three satellite datasets validated that the performance of our proposed approach is much more accurate than even the deep learning framework for spatial analysis.
Evaluation of Craniofacial Morphology in Subjects with Down’s Syndrome: A Cephalometric Study
Authors: Subbaiah Pradeep
Published: May 2017

Down’s syndrome is a disease entity in which the defect in mental development is associated in a unique way with a large number of physical defects. It is a condition resulting  from an extra chromosome 21 and thus the condition is also known as Trisomy 21. It is considered one of the most frequent genetic causes of mental retardation.

The incidence of Down’s syndrome is estimated to be between 1.6 to 2.5 per 1000 live births and increases with increase in maternal age.4,59,10 Mongoloids usually exhibit retarded motor and language skills, with an IQ range from extremely low to 45-55.

Cephalometry has now been firmly established as the most essential procedure for gaining knowledge of the complexities of dentofacial skeletal pattern. By utilizing cephalometric radiography, whereby description, morphologic outline, measurement and change in growth of the skull can be fairly accurately ascertained, it might be possible to observe some of the subtle
The present study is an attempt to determine cephalometrically whether the group of individuals with Down’s syndrome have a distinctive craniofacial phenotype. The growth of the craniofacial area in the presence of the extra chromosome is also examined.
Solution to Avoid Power Crisis in Telangana State by Implanting Non Convectional Energy
Authors: Dilawar Mohammed , Hussain Mohammed Arif , Khan Mohammed Akram Ullah
Published: May 2017

Perennial Efforts to combat power crises in newly found Telangana state, compelled to use hybrid source of power which is being catered to facilitate the needs of modern trends, life style, multinational business requirements which enforced the need to explore the modern application of solar energy run household and administrative block. Air conditioning requirement, which consumes more than 30% of the state procured power from different sources, which can be save and utilize for agriculture sector and other constructive needs.

        In Telangana State every commercial, administrative and elite residential block is equipped with air conditioning system where the temperature ranges between 32-430C in summer season. Telangana State is attracting the world class business investors. This design can caters the world class needs therefore this paper explore the design and performance of solar power air-conditioning system, which is integrated with invertors, PV panels, solar charger and batteries. This design can be used in non-electrified rural arid areas to avoid the expenses of supplying electricity.

        This research project begins with the cooling load calculations for the selected space ideally whose dimensions are assumed to be one tone of refrigeration (3.5kW). Considering the basic parameters of cooling the photovoltaic cells has been deduced and necessary connections are arranged.

       To acquire the inlet and outlet temperatures of compressor, evaporator and condenser, data logging procedure is employed. The input power for this system as well as coefficient of performance for above said climatic conditions can be deduced. The COP varies from two to four for this system and these results are compared with the convectional system performance they both match with each other considerably.
Mobile Education and Its Impact on Teaching Learning Process of Distance Education
Authors: Sarma Surajit
Published: May 2017

Education is a lifelong learning process. Education is the backbone of society. In common parlance education is any act or experience that has a formative effect on the mind, character or physical ability of an individual. In this modern era technology has changed the way of teaching learning process. Teaching and learning process has now become more flexible and easily accessible from anywhere and anytime irrespective of location and time and all this is possible because of Mobiles Technology that are being used today. In this paper how Mobile education impact distance education, what are the benefit and challenges it has on teaching-learning process in Distance Education is being discussed. For this paper the data has been collected from internet and other research papers as well as bibliographic. This paper will cover topics on Mobiles Education for Learning, benefits, values, challenges and impact on Distance Learning.
Multiscale response of ionic systems to a spatially varying electric field
Authors: Hansen Jesper Schmidt
Published: May 2017

In this paper the response of ionic systems subjected to a spatially
varying electric field is studied. Following the Nernst-Planck equation,
two forces driving the mass flux are present, namely, the concentration
gradient and the electric potential gradient. The mass flux due to the
concentration gradient is modelled through Fick’s law, and a new
constitutive relation for the mass flux due to the potential gradient is
proposed. In the regime of low screening the response function due to
the potential gradient is closely related to the ionic conductivity. In
the large screening regime, on the other hand, the response function is
governed by the charge-charge structure. Molecular dynamics simulations
are conducted and the two wavevector dependent response functions are
evaluated for models of a molten salt and an ionic liquid. In the low
screening regime the response functions show same wavevector dependency,
indicating that it is the same underlying physical processes that govern
the response. In the screening regime the wavevector dependency is very
different and, thus, the overall response is determined by different
processes. This is in agreement with the observed failure of the
Nernst-Einstein relation.
Changes in river flood hazard in Europe: a review
Authors: Kundzewicz Zbigniew W. , Pińskwar Iwona , Brakenridge G. Robert
Published: May 2017

Despite costly flood risk reduction efforts, material damage and death toll caused by river floods continue to be high in Europe. In the present review paper, after outlining a process-based perspective, we examine observed and projected changes in flood hazard. Spatial and temporal variability of large floods is analyzed, based on a time series of flood information, collected by the Dartmouth Flood Observatory in 1985–2016. Model-based projections of future flood hazard are critically reviewed. It is difficult to disentangle the climatic change component from strong natural variability and direct human impacts. The climate change impact on flood hazard is complex and depends on the river flood generation mechanism. It has not been possible to detect ubiquitous changes in flood characteristics in observation records in Europe, so far. However, we found an increasing tendency in the number of floods with large magnitude and severity, even if year-to-year variability is strong. There is a considerable spread of river flood hazard projections in Europe among studies, carried out under different assumptions. Therefore, caution must be exerted by practitioners in charge of climate change adaptation, flood risk reduction, risk insurance, and water resources management when accommodating information on flood hazard projections, under considerable uncertainty.
Analysis of water balance and runoff generation in high latitude agricultural fields during mild and cold winters
Authors: Koivusalo H. , Turunen M. , Salo H. , Haahti K. , Nousiainen R. , Warsta L.
Published: May 2017

High-latitude conditions in northern Europe are characterised by short growing seasons (May–August) and long dormant seasons. Alternating mild and freezing conditions lead to variable snow accumulation–melt cycles affecting runoff generation, and consequently the loss of nutrients and sediments from agricultural fields. We assessed water balance in two subsurface drained clayey agricultural fields of different slopes (1% and 5%) in southern Finland to discern changes between mild and cold winters. The water balances of the two field sections were produced with a spatially distributed 3D hydrological model. Simulated snow water equivalent (SWE), drain discharge, tillage layer runoff and groundwater outflow from a 7-year period were examined during the dormant seasons (September–April) in relation to the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index, which characterises phases related to mild and cold winters in northern Europe. Mild periods (positive NAO) were associated with more frequent runoff events, which were sustained throughout mild winters with lower SWE and shorter time of snow cover. Understanding and quantifying the water balance through periods of different weather patterns is essential as climate change is projected to increase the occurrence of positive NAO phases challenging the control of nutrient and sediment losses from agricultural fields.
Verification of an alternative sludge treatment process for pathogen reduction at two wastewater treatment plants in Victoria, Australia
Authors: Irwin R. , Surapaneni A. , Smith D. , Schmidt J. , Rigby H. , Smith S. R.
Published: May 2017

At South East Water wastewater treatment plants (WwTPs) in Victoria, Australia, biosolids are stockpiled for three years in compliance with the State guidelines to achieve the highest pathogen reduction grade (T1), suitable for unrestricted use in agriculture and landscaping. However, extended stockpiling is costly, may increase odour nuisance and greenhouse gas emissions, and reduces the fertiliser value of the biosolids. A verification programme of sampling and analysis for enteric pathogens was conducted at two WwTPs where sludge is treated by aerobic and anaerobic digestion, air drying (in drying pans or solar drying sheds) and stockpiling, to enumerate and, if present, monitor the decay of a range of enteric pathogens and parasites. The sludge treatment processes at both WwTPs achieved T1 grade biosolids with respect to prescribed pathogenic bacterial numbers (<1 Salmonella spp. 50 g−1 dry solids (DS) and <100 Escherichia coli g−1 DS) and >3 log10 enteric virus reduction after a storage period of one year. No Ascaris eggs were detected in the influent to the WwTPs, confirming previous studies that the presence of helminth infections in Victoria is extremely low and that Ascaris is not applicable as a control criterion for the microbiological quality of biosolids in the region.
Occurrence and fate of Ascaris lumbricoides ova in biosolids in Victoria, Australia: a human health risk assessment of biosolids storage periods
Authors: O'Connor Nicholas A. , Surapaneni Aravind , Smith David , Stevens Daryl
Published: May 2017

Reuse of sewage biosolids in Victoria, Australia, typically involves mesophilic anaerobic digestion followed by air-drying and long-term storage to ensure removal of ova of soil-transmitted helminths (STH) such as Ascaris lumbricoides. Long-term storage degrades the biosolids' agronomic quality due to the loss of key plant nutrients and takes up large areas of storage space. The impact of varying biosolids holding times and other processes on STH using Ascaris as the reference STH pathogen was examined in this study using a quantitative risk analysis approach. Risk modelling of the potential human health impacts from the presence of Ascaris ova in biosolids was undertaken for discrete holding periods of 1, 2 and 3 years. Modelling showed that to meet the WHO 1 μDALY·person−1·year−1 disease burdens guideline for limiting exposure category, a biosolids storage period of 1.24 years or 2.1 years would be required, depending on the data source of ova shedding rates per worm (Bangladesh or Nigeria, respectively). The soil exposure and salad/root vegetable consumption models included a number of variables with moderate to high degrees of uncertainty. Monte Carlo simulation was used to assess the effect of uncertainty in model input variables and to assist in highlighting areas for further research.
Two phosphAte taRGets in End-stage renal disease Trial (TARGET): A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Wald Ron , Rabbat Christian G. , Girard Louis , Garg Amit X. , Tennankore Karthik , Tyrwhitt Jessica , Smyth Andrew , Rathe-Skafel Andrea , Gao Peggy , Mazzetti Andrea , Bosch Jackie , Yan Andrew T. , Parfrey Patrick , Manns Braden J. , Walsh Michael
Published: May 2017

Background and objectives

Hyperphosphatemia is common among recipients of maintenance dialysis and is associated with a higher risk of mortality and cardiovascular events. A large randomized trial is needed to determine whether lowering phosphate concentrations with binders improves patient-important outcomes. To inform such an effort we conducted a pilot randomized controlled trial.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements

We conducted a randomized controlled trial of prevalent hemodialysis recipients already receiving calcium carbonate as a phosphate binder at five Canadian centers between March 31, 2014 and October 2, 2014. Participants were randomly allocated to 26 weeks of an intensive phosphate goal of 2.33–4.66 mg/dl (0.75–1.50 mmol/L) or a liberalized target of 6.20–7.75 mg/dl (2.00–2.50 mmol/L) by titrating calcium carbonate using a dosing nomogram. The primary outcome was the difference in the change in serum phosphate from randomization to 26 weeks.

Results

Fifty-three participants were randomized to the intensive group and 51 to the liberalized group. The median (interquartile range) daily dose of elemental calcium at 26 weeks was 1800 (1275–3000) mg in the intensive group, and 0 (0–500) mg in the liberalized group. The mean (SD) serum phosphate at 26 weeks was 4.53 (1.12) mg/dl (1.46 [0.36] mmol/L) in the intensive group and 6.05 (1.40) mg/dl (1.95 [0.45] mmol/L) in the liberalized group. Phosphate concentration in the intensive group declined by 1.24 (95% confidence interval, 0.75 to 1.74) mg/dl (0.40 [95% confidence interval, 0.24 to 0.56] mmol/L) compared with the liberalized group. There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in the risk of hypercalcemia, hypocalcemia, parathyroidectomy, or major vascular events.

Conclusions

It is feasible to achieve and maintain a difference in serum phosphate concentrations in hemodialysis recipients by titrating calcium carbonate. A large trial is needed to determine if targeting a lower serum phosphate concentration improves patient-important outcomes.