bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
β-ketoenamine-linked covalent organic frameworks ultrathin film for transparent supercapacitors with enhanced charge storage capability
Authors: Zhang Xuan , Zhang Yijie , Yao Le , Zou Xiang , Zhang Yunshuo , Cao Yihang , Zhao Junde , Liu Shujuan , Zhao Weiwei , Zhao Qiang
Published: July 2024

With the development of electronic products toward optical transparency and intelligent portability, transparent supercapacitors (TSCs) have been considered as one of the ideal and efficient power sources. However, it is still a challenge to explore covalent organic frameworks (COFs) based transparent conductive electrodes (TCEs) with high photoelectric property and capacitive activity. Herein, β-ketoenamine DqTp (DAAQ-TFP, DAAQ = 2,6-diaminoanthraquinone, and TFP = 1,3,5-triformylphluroglucinol) COFs ultrathin films are synthesized for TCEs through the Schiff base reaction of DAAQ and TFP. The DqTp ultrathin films fully expose the redox-active anthraquinone moieties, shorten the ion/electron transport path, accelerate the transport and diffusion rate, and thus enhance charge storage capability. DqTp-1 TCEs possess the excellent optoelectronic property with optical transmittance (T550 nm) of 69.46%, sheet resistance (Rs) of 7.45 Ω sq−1, and remarkable areal capacitance (CA) of 355.67 μF cm−2. The corresponding asymmetric DqTp-1//PANI TSCs (T550 nm = 58.06%) yield a high CA of 64.55 μF cm−2 at 3 μA cm−2 and have a maximum areal energy density of 0.015 μWh cm−2 at 1.95 μW cm−2. After 5000 cycles, the capacitance retention is 96.9%. This work provides key insights into the design and synthesis of transparent redox-active COFs-based TSCs with excellent photoelectric property and enhanced charge storage capability.
Controlling acoustic non-Hermitian skin effect via synthetic magnetic fields
Authors: Gao He , Zhu Weiwei , Xue Haoran , Ma Guancong , Su Zhongqing
Published: July 2024

Non-Hermitian skin effect (NHSE) is an intrinsic non-Hermitian phenomenon where an extensive number of eigenmodes, called skin modes, are localized at the boundary of a system. Recent theories have suggested that the NHSE can be well-tuned by external fields, opening a route to manipulating wave localization. Here, we experimentally demonstrate the diverse interactions between NHSE and synthetic magnetic fields (SMFs) in coupled acoustic ring resonator lattices. We observe that the NHSE and SMFs can, via different physical mechanisms, compete or synergize, resulting in either the suppression or the creation of NHSE. With the aid of the complex frequency excitation technique, we experimentally observe that SMFs can suppress the NHSE by introducing Landau quantization, causing localization to move toward the bulk. In contrast, we show that the presence of SMF generates topological edge modes in the lattice, which then become corner skin modes by the second-order NHSE. Our results evidence the rich physics and diverse consequences that arise from the interplay of magnetic fields and NHSE, paving the way for actively controlling wave localization.
Novel deuterium–tritium (DT) neutron activation diagnostics for increased neutron yield operations at Sandia’s Z-facility (invited)
Authors: Mangan M. A. , Cooper G. W. , Whitlow G. M. , Cahall P. , McWatters B.
Published: July 2024

As inertial confinement fusion experiments at Sandia National Laboratories’ Z-facility begin using deuterium–tritium (DT) fuels, the expected DT-neutron yields are expected to increase many orders of magnitude. This brings about the need for diagnostics that have a significantly higher dynamic range of operation and ability to obtain yields where there will be significant radiation holds. Using the current activation diagnostic infrastructure at the Z-facility, a pair of activation diagnostics are being developed. The first is fluorine activation, which will be used in a similar manner to current copper activation diagnostics that are fielded in a rabbit for quick removal from the experiments without opening the vacuum experiment containment. The second is a prompt DT-neutron detector that exploits the activation of oxygen with similar operation characteristics as the current Be-probes fielded at Z. We will discuss the design of this pair of instruments, along with calibration work performed at Sandia’s Ion Beam Laboratory in support of the development and anticipated instrument performance.
Accurate recognition of light beams carrying orbital angular momentum through scattering media using ghost diffraction
Authors: Cao Yonggui , Chen Wen
Published: July 2024

We report a ghost diffraction-based approach to realize accurate recognition of light beams carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM) through dynamic and complex scattering media. A bit sequence is first encoded into an OAM beam, which is sequentially modulated by a series of Hadamard patterns, and then an optical wave propagates through dynamic and complex scattering media. The collected single-pixel light intensities are temporally corrected, and ghost images can be reconstructed by using the principle of ghost diffraction. The reconstructed ghost images are further processed by using block-matching and 3D filtering with image registration, which are then utilized for OAM recognition assisted by the featured normalized cross correlation. Optical experiments are conducted to demonstrate that light beams carrying OAM can be accurately recognized in dynamic and complex scattering environments, and the proposed approach is feasible and effective. The developed ghost diffraction-based approach could open an avenue for various OAM-encoded applications in dynamic and complex scattering environments.
A back-to-back diode model applied to van der Waals Schottky diodes
Authors: Cloninger Jeffrey A , Harris Raine , Haley Kristine L , Sterbentz Randy M , Taniguchi Takashi , Watanabe Kenji , Island Joshua O
Published: July 2024

The use of metal and semimetal van der Waals contacts for 2D semiconducting devices has led to remarkable device optimizations. In comparison with conventional thin-film metal deposition, a reduction in Fermi level pinning at the contact interface for van der Waals contacts results in, generally, lower contact resistances and higher mobilities. Van der Waals contacts also lead to Schottky barriers that follow the Schottky–Mott rule, allowing barrier estimates on material properties alone. In this study, we present a double Schottky barrier model and apply it to a barrier tunable all van der Waals transistor. In a molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) transistor with graphene and few-layer graphene contacts, we find that the model can be applied to extract Schottky barrier heights that agree with the Schottky–Mott rule from simple two-terminal current–voltage measurements at room temperature. Furthermore, we show tunability of the Schottky barrier in-situ using a regional contact gate. Our results highlight the utility of a basic back-to-back diode model in extracting device characteristics in all van der Waals transistors.
A thorough investigation of the antiferromagnetic resonance
Authors: Moura A R
Published: July 2024

Antiferromagnetic (AF) compounds possess distinct characteristics that render them promising candidates for advancing the application of spin degree of freedom in computational devices. For instance, AF materials exhibit minimal susceptibility to external magnetic fields while operating at frequencies significantly higher than their ferromagnetic counterparts. However, despite their potential, there remains a dearth of understanding, particularly concerning certain aspects of AF spintronics. In particular, the properties of coherent states in AF materials have received insufficient investigation, with many features extrapolated directly from the ferromagnetic scenario. Addressing this gap, this study offers a comprehensive examination of AF coherent states, shedding new light on both AF and Spin-Flop phases. Employing the Holstein-Primakoff formalism, we conduct an in-depth analysis of resonating-driven coherent phases. Subsequently, we apply this formalism to characterize antiferromagnetic resonance, a pivotal phenomenon in spin-pumping experiments, and extract crucial insights therefrom.
High-throughput analysis of topographical cues for the expansion of murine pluripotent stem cells
Authors: Conner Abigail A , Yao Yuan , Chan Sarah W , Jain Deepak , Wong Suzanne M , Yim Evelyn K F , Rizwan Muhammad
Published: July 2024

The expansion of pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) in vitro remains a critical barrier to their use in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Biochemical methods for PSC expansion are known to produce heterogeneous cell populations with varying states of pluripotency and are cost-intensive, hindering their clinical translation. Engineering biomaterials to physically control PSC fate offers an alternative approach. Surface or substrate topography is a promising design parameter for engineering biomaterials. Topographical cues have been shown to elicit profound effects on stem cell differentiation and proliferation. Previous reports have shown isotropic substrate topographies to be promising in expanding PSCs. However, the optimal feature to promote PSC proliferation and the pluripotent state has not yet been determined. In this work, the MultiARChitecture (MARC) plate is developed to conduct a high-throughput analysis of topographical cues in a 96-well plate format. The MARC plate is a reproducible and customizable platform for the analysis of multiple topographical patterns and features and is compatible with both microscopic assays and molecular biology techniques. The MARC plate is used to evaluate the expression of pluripotency markers Oct4, Nanog, and Sox2 and the differentiation marker LmnA as well as the proliferation of murine embryonic stem (mES) cells. Our systematic analyses identified three topographical patterns that maintain pluripotency in mES cells after multiple passages: 1 µm pillars (1 µm spacing, square arrangement), 2 µm wells (c-c (x, y) = 4, 4 µm), and 5 µm pillars (c-c (x, y) = 7.5, 7.5 µm). This study represents a step towards developing a biomaterial platform for controlled murine PSC expansion.
Turning the attention to time-resolved EPID-images: treatment error classification with transformer multiple instance learning
Authors: Iarkin Viacheslav , de Jong Evelyn E C , Hendrix Rutger , Verhaegen Frank , Wolfs Cecile J A
Published: July 2024

Objective. The aim of this work was to develop a novel artificial intelligence-assisted in vivo dosimetry method using time-resolved (TR) dose verification data to improve quality of external beam radiotherapy. Approach. Although threshold classification methods are commonly used in error classification, they may lead to missing errors due to the loss of information resulting from the compression of multi-dimensional electronic portal imaging device (EPID) data into one or a few numbers. Recent research has investigated the classification of errors on time-integrated (TI) in vivo EPID images, with convolutional neural networks showing promise. However, it has been observed previously that TI approaches may cancel out the error presence on γ-maps during dynamic treatments. To address this limitation, simulated TR γ-maps for each volumetric modulated arc radiotherapy angle were used to detect treatment errors caused by complex patient geometries and beam arrangements. Typically, such images can be interpreted as a set of segments where only set class labels are provided. Inspired by recent weakly supervised approaches on histopathology images, we implemented a transformer based multiple instance learning approach and utilized transfer learning from TI to TR γ-maps. Main results. The proposed algorithm performed well on classification of error type and error magnitude. The accuracy in the test set was up to 0.94 and 0.81 for 11 (error type) and 22 (error magnitude) classes of treatment errors, respectively. Significance. TR dose distributions can enhance treatment delivery decision-making, however manual data analysis is nearly impossible due to the complexity and quantity of this data. Our proposed model efficiently handles data complexity, substantially improving treatment error classification compared to models that leverage TI data.
Quantum geodesics reflecting the internal structure of stars composed of shells
Authors: Cheong Sojeong , Kim Wontae
Published: July 2024

In general relativity, an external observer cannot distinguish distinct internal structures between two spherically symmetric stars that have the same total mass M.
However, when quantum corrections are taken into account, the external metrics of the stars
will receive quantum corrections depending on their internal structures.
In this paper, we obtain the quantum-corrected metrics at linear order in curvature for two spherically symmetric shells
characterized by different internal structures: one with an empty interior and the other with N internal shells.
The dependence on the internal structures in the corrected metrics tells us that geodesics on these backgrounds would be deformed according to the internal structures. We conduct numerical computations to find out the angle of geodesic precession and show that the presence of internal structures amplifies the precession angle reflecting the discrepancy between the radial and orbital periods within the geodesic orbit.
The amount of the precession angle increases monotonically as the number of internal shells increases and it eventually converges to a certain value for N ⟶ ∞.
Application of Lock-in Amplifier Technique in Signal Blind Source Separation
Authors: Yang Jiaxiang , Lai Wugang
Published: July 2024

In the realm of signal processing, frequency error stands as a critical challenge that cannot be overlooked, particularly in scenarios characterized by noise disturbances and constantly changing environmental variables, as it significantly undermines the precision of waveform separation. Faced with a spectrum of frequency error phenomena stemming from hardware instability, such as clock drift, transmission distortion, and environmental changes, this paper proposes a waveform separation scheme centered around a core closed-loop control architecture aimed at addressing such challenges. Leveraging the high-performance STM32F407 microcontroller platform, the system harnesses the powerful algorithmic advantages of Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) to precisely locate and delineate the spectral characteristics of signals. Furthermore, we creatively integrate lock-in amplifier technology into the meticulously designed closed-loop control system, coupled with state-of-the-art zero-crossing detection algorithms for in-depth optimization. The research findings demonstrate outstanding signal-to-noise ratio performance within predefined target frequency bands for the separation device based on lock-in amplifier technology, showcasing not only remarkable resilience against interference but also the ability to accurately separate and reconstruct target signal components with high fidelity from complex and dynamic signal environments. This significantly enhances the robustness and accuracy of the entire system.
A coordinated control method of slurry density and material level to improve cementing quality
Authors: Ji Wei , Hou Lin , Chen Feng , Jiang Rongxing , Wang Chao , Chen Chunxia , Lian Xiaolong , Qian Zhao
Published: July 2024

During the cementing stage, it is necessary to strictly control the density of the slurry injecting well to form cement sheath with good interlayer sealing capacity. However, due to the influence of factors such as unstable ash supply and coupling of operating parameters, problems such as unstable cement slurry density control and serious deviation from process design values often occur, which seriously limit the improvement of cementing efficiency and quality. In order to solve this problem, this paper proposes a coordinated control method of slurry density and level by combining feedforward-cascade control and split range control, to strengthen the collaborative linkage between the operating parameters of cement supply, liquid supply, slurry mixing and pump injection, and improve the quality of cement slurry density control. Finally, the proposed control method is verified by the test platform built for the actual cementing operation scenario. The test results show that the proposed method can achieve stable and accurate control of cement slurry density and effectively guarantee the safety and quality of cementing operation.
Design of a Wind Tunnel Nozzle Section Trolley Control System Based on Backstepping Method
Authors: Ben Baojia , Lin Jinshuai
Published: July 2024

To accommodate different types of supersonic wind tunnel tests, frequent replacements of nozzle sections and test sections are required, involving multiple complex technical processes. To optimize operational procedures and improve efficiency, a control system for the wind tunnel nozzle section trolley based on the backstepping method was designed. The system uses radio frequency identification (RFID) signals for station positioning and intelligently adjusts the speed and direction of the control motor, thus driving the trolley to move back and forth automatically. Through the simulation of the motor motion control model, the system effectively reduces random disturbances in the motion system caused by load changes, achieves precise positioning of wind tunnel plugins and nozzle assemblies, enhances system operating accuracy, reduces production cycle times, and realizes a one-button positioning function for all components, playing a significant role in improving wind tunnel test efficiency and operational quality.
Design of Digital Lock-in Amplifier based on FPGA
Authors: Hu Yuyang , Han Wensheng , Shi Menghao , Lin Xianming , Zou Peng
Published: July 2024

In order to achieve high-precision measurement of strong noise background signal, a digital lock-in amplifier based on field programmable gate array (FPGA) is designed. The core of the lock-in amplifier consists of a signal processing module, an acquisition and quantisation module and a digital demodulation module. The signal processing module completes the amplification and gain adjustment of the input signal and modulates the signal to be measured into a specific frequency band, which is digitally quantised by the analog to digital converter (ADC) after anti-aliasing filtering and transmitted to the FPGA, and the signal to be measured is extracted by phase-sensitive detection through the mutual-correlation digital demodulation method, thus realising the detection of the weak signal. The performance of the lock-in amplifier is evaluated with a signal generator as the input source, and the results show that the signal-to-noise improvement ratio is 35dB and the relative measurement error of voltage is less than 0.03% after the digital lock-in amplifier is processed, which accurately restores the direct current (DC) signals in the noisy background, and provides an effective technical way for the accurate measurement of weak signals.
Development of calibration device for on-load tap changer tester of transformer
Authors: Yang Xuemei , He Shan , Zhang Lun , Xiao Peng
Published: July 2024

More and more transformer on load tap changers are being tested using the AC method, which is closer to the actual operating status of the transformer on load tap changers. From the analysis of the switch operating status, the test results are closer to the actual value. However, the existing calibration devices for transformer on load tap changer testers are all aimed at DC testers, and traditional calibration methods are difficult to achieve synchronous calibration of transition resistance, transition time, and synchronization under AC test signals. Therefore, this article designs a three channel variable AC resistor module based on FPGA controlled DAC to simulate different resistors. The variable resistor module can achieve fast switching of resistors through frequency compensation, and achieve synchronous verification of analog conversion resistance, conversion time, and synchronization. After testing, the maximum allowable error of the calibration device for simulating transition resistance is ± (0.3% RD+5 m Ω), and the absolute error of transition time and synchronization is less than 20us, which fully meets the needs of laboratory calibration and solves the calibration problem of the transformer on load tap changer tester.
Design and Simulation Implementation of Indoor Lighting Integrated Control System Based on Fuzzy Control
Authors: Liu Yanfei
Published: July 2024

With the improvement of people’s living standards, higher requirements have been put forward for the quality of the living environment. The progress of science and technology has provided the possibility for the further development of intelligent buildings. As an important component of intelligent buildings, the intelligence level of intelligent lighting is relatively fall behind, especially energy-saving and comprehensive linkage are not considered in the scope of intelligent lighting. According to the characteristics of indoor environment control variables and controlled variables, this paper uses fuzzy control method to realize the comprehensive control of indoor lighting, summarizes the corresponding measures taken by experience into control rules, and constructs a controller to control the complex lighting process instead of people. Through the construction of control rules, the natural lighting is constrained under the full consideration of the influence of temperature and ventilation. The purpose of giving priority to the use of natural lighting and taking into account the overall energy optimization of the system is achieved. The energy-saving idea of combining lighting control with other systems of intelligent building is proposed, and the system performance is simulated and analyzed. It has the advantages of high integration, high degree of intelligence, energy saving and convenient use.
Energy Saving Research on Temperature Control in Data Center Server Rooms
Authors: Su Yang , Lu Xiang
Published: July 2024

To tackle the challenge of inefficient traditional control methods and energy wastage caused by temperature disparities within the data center’s server room cooling system, this research initiative initially installed temperature and humidity sensors in each cabinet to gather comprehensive data. Subsequently, a detailed mathematical model of the room’s temperature system was formulated to assess the influence of air supply airflow distribution on the temperature distribution. Following this, through the integration of fuzzy theory with the PID control strategy, a sophisticated fuzzy PID controller was developed. Utilizing Simulink, an in-depth simulation analysis of both PID and fuzzy PID temperature control strategies was executed. The outcomes of the simulations underscored that fuzzy PID control effectively addresses the time delay and stability concerns present in conventional PID temperature control systems. Lastly, empirical validation confirmed that the fuzzy PID control algorithm can proficiently manage the server room’s temperature while concurrently decreasing the intake of cold air, thus promoting energy conservation. This control approach showcases commendable adaptability and robust performance characteristics.
Gallium and magnesium substituted hydroxyapatite/carbon nanofiber composite: Improved mechanical and bioactivity for biomedical implant applications
Authors: Shinyjoy E. , Ramesh R. , Rajeswari D. , Kavitha L. , Ramya S.
Published: July 2024

The primary goal of this effort is to develop an appropriate bone replacement material that exhibits superior biological, mechanical, and antimicrobial properties for potential use in the orthopedics field. For this purpose, the present work focuses on the development of gallium (Ga) and magnesium (Mg) substituted hydroxyapatite (Ga,Mg-HAP)/carbon nanofiber (CNF) composite coating on Ti6Al4V alloy. A number of methods, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), were used to assess the mechanical, morphological, and structural characteristics of the Ga,Mg-HAP/CNF composite coated Ti6Al4V. Additionally, the composite’s antibacterial activity is evaluated against E. Coli and S. aureus. On various incubation days, the HOS MG63 cell’s viability on the composite coating was evaluated. The obtained result clearly shows that while the substitution of minerals would improve the biological features of the composite sample, the reinforcement of the CNF in Ga,Mg-HAP increases the mechanical strength of the composite. Therefore, the Ga,Mg-HAP/CNF composite coated Ti6Al4V will be a viable implant for applications involving biological implants.
Structural and optical properties of CdTe thin film nanoparticles prepared using chemical bath deposition technique with different Te concentration
Authors: Kavitha G. , Karunakaran M.
Published: July 2024

The CdTe thin films with different Te concentration were grown by chemical bath deposition technique using glass substrates. The prepared thin films were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, UV–Visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, photoluminescence (PL). The X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis shows that the prepared thin films are polycrystalline in nature with Zinc blend structure. Decrease in the intensities of XRD peak for decreasing the Te concentration. The characteristic phonon modes of CdTe thin film nanoparticle confirmed by Raman spectra analysis. Optical absorption studies shows that direct transition with decrease in band gap energy with decreasing the Te molar concentration. Green emission was observed for prepared CdTe thin films excited with 325 nm.
Antitubercular nanocarrier monotherapy: study of in-silico molecular docking and in-vitro efficacy of repurposed antiviral drug
Authors: Balasubramanian Arul , Ibrahim Thasin , Ramalingam Kothai
Published: July 2024

There has to be a breakthrough in tuberculosis (TB) treatment to address issues with drug resistance, patient noncompliance, and dosage frequency. We produced durable therapeutic nanocarriers (NCs) and tested their efficiency in-vitro in macrophages infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Our goal was to decrease adverse effects linked to systemic drug distribution and improve drug concentration at the target site. There are multiple pathways by which antiviral medications induce renal failure. Several novel drugs have been shown to cause direct renal tubular toxicity through their distinct impacts on kidney epithelial cells. In this present study the in-silico docking studies were performed and the silver nanoparticles of the antiviral drug Entecavir was prepared and characterized by using SEM and HR-TEM studies. The prepared nanoparticles were evaluated for its anti-tubercular activity by in-vitro and the results showed the repurposed antiviral drug showed remarkable anti-tubercular activity. There is mounting evidence that the repurposed antitubercular drug Entecavir is a viable new option for treating tuberculosis.
Targeting SARS-CoV-2 Spike and Main protease with phytochemicals from Herbs and spices: Molecular Docking and dynamics simulation studies.
Authors: Shanmugam Anusuya , Muralidharan Nisha , Michael Gromiha M
Published: July 2024

COVID-19, a pandemic disease has affected 480 million people and caused 6 million deaths around the world. Despite the progress made in COVID-19 drug discovery, SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of this disease continuously mutates and rapidly evolves into new variants. This increases the challenges in drug discovery for COVID-19. As natural products serve as sources of drugs forever, this study applies computational techniques in predicting the natural compounds in herbs and spices of household origin as SARS-CoV-2 spike and protease inhibitors and also verifies the top hits against spike and protease mutants associated with SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern. This study reveals Hesperidin, Diosgenin, Fenugreekine, Epigallocatechin gallate and Quercetin as SARS-CoV-2 spike and protease inhibitors, which acts better than the drug Remdesivir. The efficiency of the top hits was also been verified against the mutants, which reveals Diosgenin and Fenugreekine as the most efficient natural compounds against SARS-CoV-2 spike mutants (N501Y, E484K, K417N and K417T), which are associated with SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern. Additionally, Hesperidin is proven to have better binding efficiency against Mpro mutants (Y54C, A191V, T190I and N142S). Overall, this study concludes that Hesperidin, Diosgenin and Fenugreekine could combat both SARS-CoV-2 and its variants effectively.
Membrane assisted Pulsed Electric Field (M-PEF) a novel technique for preservation of functional and biological properties of sugarcane juice.
Authors: Atchaya PT , Anandakumar S. , Kirankumar M. , Santhosh K.
Published: July 2024

According to market prospects there is a demand for the bottled fresh sugarcane juice than any other fruit based beverages because of its nutritional and therapeutic properties. Sugarcane juice short shelf life and deterioration are linked to the existence of active enzymes like peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase as well as its microbial composition. The membrane assisted pulsed electric field technology (M-PEF) was used for this experiment in which the hollow spiral wound ultra-filter membrane for 10 kDa pore size at 1 bar pressure employed as a pretreatment to pulsed electric field processing for the treatment of sugarcane juice. The process parameters are 20, 30, and 40 kV/cm field strength for the pulse width of 100, 150, and 200 μs. The reduction of 92% in polyphenol oxidase and 80% in peroxidase enzyme activity was achieved due to Pulsed electric field at a field strength and pulse width of 30 kV/cm for 150μs respectively retaining the overall quality of the sugarcane juice and there was 85-95% reduction was observed in the protein and polysaccharide content of the sugarcane juice due to the membrane filtration pore size exclusion effect. Ascorbic acid content was retained in the M-PEF samples while increasing its antioxidant capacity. The experiment results showed that due to Pulsed electric field treatment there was 3 log reductions are observed on total plate count. This technology showed that, it can be used as novel technique for the preservation of the fresh juices.
Controlling factors of wildfires in Australia and their changes under global warming
Authors: Bui Hien X , Li Yi-Xian , Dommenget Dietmar
Published: July 2024

This study investigates a fire weather index (FWI) and its associated components in Australia using the downscaled projects for the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 6 dataset, aiming to understand how they respond to global warming, particularly associated with different phases of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). In the historical simulation, multimodel mean composite results show positive anomalies of FWI during El Niño and negative anomalies during La Niña over most of Australia relative to the neutral year. At the end of the 21st century under the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSP585 scenario), FWI anomalies increased across Australia; however, ENSO wildfire teleconnections weakened (−4.4%) during El Niño but strengthened (+6.0%) during La Niña, especially in northern Australia. Further examination of the contribution from individual environmental variables that enter the FWI shows that increased temperature and drought conditions with warming in La Niña strengthen positive FWI anomalies, thus making fire more favorable in north and central Australia. The impacts of relative humidity and wind speed anomaly changes also favor fire activity toward the north. These results suggest a more robust modulation of FWI in northern Australia by ENSO in a warmer climate; future efforts to predict wildfire will depend on the model’s ability to predict local climate conditions.
End-of-life options for printed electronics in municipal solid waste streams: a review of the challenges, opportunities, and sustainability implications
Authors: Nassajfar Mohammad Naji , Abdulkareem Mariam , Horttanainen Mika
Published: July 2024

Although printed electronics (PE) are a more sustainable option than conventional electronics, proper treatment of PE in their end-of-life phase is crucial to decrease their overall environmental impacts and ensure the materials specifically the metal fraction of PE are recovered. Thus, to investigate the state of the art regarding the research and development of material recovery from PE, this study performed a literature review process. It concluded that the majority of the observed articles rather not mention specifically what is recycling option for recycling the PE or introduced a novel recycling method for the metal ink. Only a marginal fraction of the articles covered proper recycling methods for the metal fraction of PE. Then based on the literature review process, this study investigates the suitability of the current waste management system to recover different fractions of PE products.
Evolution and subfamilies of HERVL human endogenous retrovirus
Authors: Zhang Huan , Frith Martin C
Published: July 2024

Background

Endogenous retroviruses (ERVs), which blur the boundary between virus and transposable element, are genetic material derived from retroviruses and have important implications for evolution. This study examines the diversity and evolution of human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) of the HERVL family, which has long terminal repeats (LTRs) named MLT2.

Results

By probability-based sequence comparison, we uncover systematic annotation errors that conceal the true complexity and diversity of transposable elements (TEs) in the human genome. Our analysis identifies new subfamilies within the MLT2 group, proposes a refined classification scheme, and constructs new consensus sequences. We present an evolutionary analysis including phylogenetic trees that elucidate the relationships between these subfamilies and their contributions to human evolution. The results underscore the significance of accurate TE annotation in understanding genome evolution, highlighting the potential for misclassified TEs to impact interpretations of genomic studies.

Availability and implementation

Not applicable.
Unveiling the devastations of Streptococcus sanguinis infective endocarditis masquerading as iron deficiency anaemia: a case report
Authors: Soh Bing Wei Thaddeus , Salim Arifa , O'Riordan Ruth , Owens Patrick , Matiullah Sajjad
Published: July 2024

Background

Iron deficiency is the leading cause of anaemia worldwide and frequently observed in adolescent women, particularly those with eating disorders like anorexia nervosa. Consequently, clinicians may overlook iron deficiency anaemia, potentially missing a more serious diagnosis.

Case summary

A 19-year-old woman was referred to the hospital by her general practitioner due to worsening symptomatic iron deficiency anaemia, despite treatment with oral iron supplementation. Her blood cultures consistently grew Streptococcus sanguinis, and an echocardiogram revealed vegetations on the mitral and tricuspid valves, confirming the diagnosis of infective endocarditis. Several systemic complications of varying acuity were identified, including a ruptured left common iliac artery aneurysm with active haemorrhage into the left psoas muscle, enlarging cerebral, hepatic, and right common femoral artery aneurysms, splenic infarction with abscess formation, and an infected left psoas muscle haematoma. Multimodal imaging and collaboration within the multidisciplinary endocarditis team were crucial for coordinating further evaluation and managing the complex array of peripheral lesions in infective endocarditis. The patient was discharged with a good clinical outcome after 81 days.

Discussion

This case highlights the risks of overlooking iron deficiency anaemia in adolescent women with anorexia nervosa and the serious consequences of untreated complicated infective endocarditis. It emphasizes the need for thorough investigation of anorexia nervosa patients for infections due to their reduced clinical response, to ensure early diagnosis and treatment.
Treading the narrow path—rethinking democratic education in times of polarization
Authors: Dillinger Lisa
Published: July 2024

This article examines the relationship between knowledge, politics, and education in the context of the global crisis of democracy and the growing prevalence of political polarization. Focusing on the issue of vaccine hesitancy, I explore how citizens’ reference to knowledge and values shapes their political judgements and argue for the importance of education in facilitating informed and reasoned decision-making. Drawing on Hannah Arendt’s dialectical account of politics and knowledge, I highlight the limitations of reducing political debates to a quest for ‘right knowledge’, arguing that it neglects the coordination of diverse values and interpretations that is essential to democratic processes. To do so, I discuss ‘educationalization’ of the political during the COVID-19 pandemic, wherein the dissemination of empirically grounded information became a strategy to generate public consent. However, my article cautions against the hegemony of empirical knowledge, which can lead to despotic politics and the proliferation of misinformation. To ensure differentiated and reasonable judgements in uncertain situations and conflicts, I turn to Arendt’s concept of reflective and political judgement, emphasizing the ability to imagine others’ perspectives and construct general principles. The educational task, therefore, encompasses not only conveying factual knowledge but also nurturing reflective judgement that strikes a balance between factual truth and divergent interpretations, values, and interests.
Assessing actigraphy performance for daytime sleep detection following stroke: insights from inpatient monitoring in a rehabilitation hospital
Authors: Wang Jiayi E , Sindorf Jacob , Chen Pin-Wei , Wu Jessica , Gonzales Adrian , O’Brien Megan K , Sunderrajan Aashna , Knutson Kristen L , Zee Phyllis C , Wolfe Lisa , Arora Vineet M , Jayaraman Arun
Published: July 2024

Study Objectives

Stroke can result in or exacerbate various sleep disorders. The presence of behaviors such as daytime sleepiness poststroke can indicate underlying sleep disorders which can significantly impact functional recovery and thus require prompt detection and monitoring for improved care. Actigraphy, a quantitative measurement technology, has been primarily validated for nighttime sleep in healthy adults; however, its validity for daytime sleep monitoring is currently unknown. Therefore this study aims to identify the best-performing actigraphy sensor and algorithm for detecting daytime sleep in poststroke individuals.

Methods

Participants wore Actiwatch Spectrum and ActiGraph wGT3X-BT on their less-affected wrist, while trained observers recorded daytime sleep occurrences and activity levels (active, sedentary, and asleep) during non-therapy times. Algorithms, Actiwatch (Autoscore AMRI) and ActiGraph (Cole-Kripke, Sadeh), were compared with on-site observations and assessed using F2 scores, emphasizing sensitivity to detect daytime sleep.

Results

Twenty-seven participants from an inpatient stroke rehabilitation unit contributed 173.5 hours of data. The ActiGraph Cole-Kripke algorithm (minute sleep time = 15 minutes, bedtime = 10 minutes, and wake time = 10 minutes) achieved the highest F2 score (0.59). Notably, when participants were in bed, the ActiGraph Cole-Kripke algorithm continued to outperform Sadeh and Actiwatch AMRI, with an F2 score of 0.69.

Conclusions

The study demonstrates both Actiwatch and ActiGraph’s ability to detect daytime sleep, particularly during bed rest. ActiGraph (Cole-Kripke) algorithm exhibited a more balanced sleep detection profile and higher F2 scores compared to Actiwatch, offering valuable insights for optimizing daytime sleep monitoring with actigraphy in stroke patients.
The use of bimetallic metal–organic frameworks as restoration materials for pollutants removal from water environment
Authors: Yuan Yue , Li Shaocong , Zhu Lina
Published: July 2024

Bimetallic metal–organic frameworks (BMOFs) are a class of functional porous materials constructed by coordination between nodes containing two different metal ions and organic ligands. Studies have shown that the catalytic activity of BMOFs is greatly improved owing to the adjustment of charge distribution and the increase of active sites as well as the synergistic effect between the bimetals, and the advantages of their large specific surface area, high porosity, unique structure and dispersed active centres make them available as important organic materials applied in the field of wastewater treatment. In this review, the preparation and construction methods for BMOFs in recent years are summarized, and we focus on their removal of different types of pollutants in the aqueous environment, including ions, dyes, pharmaceuticals or personal care products, phenolic compounds and microorganisms, as well as their corresponding removal mechanisms. In addition, we provide an outlook on their future opportunities and challenges in wastewater treatment.
Bounds on the spreading radius in droplet impact: the inviscid case
Authors: Amirfazli Alidad , Bustamante Miguel D. , Hu Yating , Ó Náraigh Lennon
Published: July 2024

We consider the classical problem of droplet impact and droplet spread on a smooth surface in the case of an ideal inviscid fluid. We revisit the rim–lamella model of Roisman
et al.
(Roisman
et al
. 2002
Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A
458
, 1411–1430 (
doi:10.1098/rspa.2001.0923
)). This model comprises a system of ordinary differential equations (ODEs); we present a rigorous theoretical analysis of these ODEs, and derive upper and lower bounds for the maximum spreading radius. Both bounds possess a

W
e

1

/

2

scaling behaviour, and by a sandwich result, the spreading radius itself also possesses this scaling. We demonstrate rigorously that the rim–lamella model is self-consistent: once a rim forms, its height will invariably exceed that of the lamella. We introduce a rational procedure to obtain initial conditions for the rim–lamella model. Our approach to solving the rim–lamella model gives predictions for the maximum droplet spread that are in close agreement with existing experimental studies and direct numerical simulations.
Unpacking Social Determinants of Cancer Disparities: A Systematic Review and Strategic Framework for Equitable Prevention and Control
Authors: Jushua Jackline , Hussein Muhammad R , Utterman Sonia , Thomas Mony
Published: July 2024

Background

Cancer disparities persist in the United States, with significant variations in incidence, mortality, and survival rates across different population groups. This systematic review aims to synthesize current evidence on the relationship between social determinants of health and cancer disparities, and to identify effective interventions for promoting equitable cancer prevention and control.

Methods

We conducted a systematic search of PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases for peer-reviewed articles published between 2010 and 2024. Studies were included if they examined the association between social determinants (e.g., socioeconomic status, race/ethnicity, education, healthcare access) and cancer outcomes, or evaluated interventions addressing these factors. Two independent reviewers screened articles, extracted data, and assessed study quality using standardized tools.

Results

Of 3,247 initially identified studies, 142 met inclusion criteria. The review found strong evidence linking various social determinants to cancer disparities, particularly in screening rates, stage at diagnosis, and survival outcomes. Socioeconomic status and healthcare access were the most frequently studied determinants. Effective interventions identified included patient navigation programs, community-based education initiatives, and policy changes to expand insurance coverage. However, the quality and long-term impact of many interventions were limited by short follow-up periods and small sample sizes.

Conclusion

This systematic review confirms the significant role of social determinants in perpetuating cancer disparities and highlights promising strategies for addressing these inequities. Future research should focus on developing and evaluating multilevel interventions that target both individual and structural determinants. Policy makers and healthcare providers should prioritize evidence-based approaches to reduce social barriers and promote equitable cancer prevention and control.
Analysis of Frailty in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients Based on Logistic Regression Model and XGBoost Model
Authors: Liu Qi , Tong Guanchao , Ye Qiong
Published: July 2024

Purpose

The aim of this study was to establish a model that would enable healthcare providers to use routine follow-up measures of peritoneal dialysis to predict frailty in those patients.

Design

A cross-sectional design with Logistic regression and XGBoost machine learning algorithms analysis.

Methods

One hundred and twenty-three cases of peritoneal dialysis patients who underwent regular follow-up at our center were included in this study. We use the FRAIL scale to confirm the frailty of the patients. Clinical and Laboratory data were obtained from the peritoneal dialysis registration system. Factors associated with patient Frailty were identified through regularized logistic regression and validated using an XGBoost model. The final selected variables were in-cluded in the unregularized Logistic Regression to construct the model

Findings

A total of 123 patients were reviewed in this study, with an average age of 61.58 years, and the median dialysis Duration was 38.5(18.07,60.53) months. 39 patients (31.71%) were female, 54 PD patients (43.9%) were classified as frail. Age, Ferritin, and TCH are the top three im-portant features labeled by the XGBoost. The results are consistent with the regularized logistic regression.

Conclusions

In this study, age, total cholesterol, and ferritin are the most important features associated with the frailty in peritoneal dialysis patients. This model can be used to predict frailty status and help health monitoring of peritoneal dialysis patients.

Clinical Evidence

Logistic regression and XGBoost machine learning algorithms can be used to construct a predictive model of frailty in peritoneal dialysis patients. The model could provide doctors with an objective tool to find frailty in peritoneal dialysis patients. As the data is obtained from routine examinations, the prediction model will not bring additional burden to the work of doctors or nurses.