bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Understanding Urban Cooling of Blue-Green Infrastructure: A Review of Geospatial Data and Planning Optimization Methods for Mitigating Urban Heat Islands
Authors: Budzik Grzegorz , Sylla Marta , Kowalczyk Tomasz
Published: November 2024

Many studies aim to assess the characteristics of blue-green infrastructure (BGI) that influence its cooling potential. Commonly used methods include satellite remote sensing, numerical simulations, and field measurements, each defining different cooling efficiency indicators. However, the methodological diversity creates uncertainties in optimizing BGI planning and management. This gap was addressed through a literature review, examining how BGI cools urban space, which spatial data and methods are most effective, which methodological differences may affect the results, and what are current research gaps and innovative future directions. Results suggest that differences in conclusions may arise from geographic and seasonal variations, as well as the spatial resolution of data, model scale, BGI delineation method, cooling range calculation approach, and urban morphology differences. The most influencing BGI characteristics include object size, vegetation fraction, density, height and multi-layering, foliage density, and spatial connectivity. The role of shape complexity remains uncertain across methodological approaches. Future research should prioritize the effects of urban morphology on BGI characteristics effectiveness and explore innovative approaches like Digital Twin technology for BGI management optimization. This paper comprehensively integrates key information related to BGI's cooling capabilities, serving as a useful resource for both practitioners and researchers to support resilient cities development.
Probing Non-Equilibrium Pair Breaking and Quasiparticle Dynamics in Nb Superconducting Resonators under Magnetic Fields
Authors: Wang Jigang , Park Joong Mok , Chong Zhi Xiang , Kim Richard H. J , Haeuser Samuel , Chan Randall K , Murthy Akshay A , Grassellino Anna , Romanenko Alex , Kopas Cameron J , Marshall Jayss , Mutus Joshua Y , Yadavalli Kameshwar , Lachman Ella , Setiawan Daniel
Published: November 2024

We conducted a comprehensive study of the non-equilibrium dynamics of Cooper pair breaking, quasiparticle (QP) generation, and relaxation in niobium (Nb) cut from superconducting radio-frequency cavities, as well as various Nb resonator films from transomon qubits. Using ultrafast pump-probe spectroscopy in the regime of minimal condensate depletion, we were able to isolate the superconducting coherence and pair-breaking responses. Our results reveal both similarities and notable differences in the temperature- and magnetic field-dependent dynamics of the various Nb samples. Particularly, femtosecond-resolved QP generation and relaxation under an applied magnetic field reveals a clear correlation between non-equilibrium QPs and the quality factor of resonators fabricated by using different deposition methods such as DC sputtering and high-power impulse magnetron sputtering. These findings highlight the pivotal influence of fabrication techniques on the coherence and performance of Nb-based quantum devices, which are vital for applications in superconducting qubits and high-energy superconducting radio frequency applications.
Aqueous Carbonation of Waste Incineration Residues: Comparing BA, FA, and APCr Across Production Scenarios
Authors: Wehrung Quentin , Bernasconi Davide , Destefanis Enrico , Caviglia Caterina , Curetti Nadia , Di Felice Sara , Bicchi Erica , Pavese Alessandro , Pastero Linda
Published: November 2024

This study investigates the reactivity of municipal solid waste incineration residues (MSWIr) to aqueous carbonation, focusing on CO2 absorption rates, uptakes, and heavy metal (HM) leachability. Various combinations of boiler, electrofilter, and bag filter residues were assessed under typical incineration conditions. Bagh filter residues from lime-sorbent plants exhibited the highest CO2 uptake (244.5 gCO2/kg), while bottom ashes (BA) fine fraction, boiler/electrofilter fly ashes (FA), and other mixed air pollution control residues (APCr) demonstrated uptakes of 101, 0, 93, and 167 gCO2/kg, respectively. Carbonation kinetics revealed that high calcium content FA and APCr, followed similar CO2 absorption trends. Notably, BA carbonation was predominantly driven by Ca-aluminates rather than lime. Carbonation reduces leaching of Al, As, Cd, Co, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn compared to water washing, though significant concerns arise with anions such as Sb and Cr. In BA, critical behaviours of Cr, Mn, and Fe were observed, with Cr leaching likely controlled by Fe-Mn-Cr oxide particle dissolution. These findings highlight the potential of integrating EMR through density or magnetic separation in BA prior to carbonation to reduce HM leaching and recycle critical metals (Ag, Cu, Cr, Ni, Mn, etc).
Topological Genomics and Neural Circuits: Bridging Differential Topology and Statistical Mechanics Homology
Authors: Montgomery Richard Murdoch
Published: November 2024

Topological genomics offers a novel framework for understanding how genomic structures influence neural circuit differentiation, integrating principles of differential topology and statistical mechanics homology. This approach examines how genomic topological invariants, such as persistent loops and Betti numbers, correspond to functional transformations in neural circuits. By employing persistent homology to analyze genomic interaction maps and differential topology to model neural circuit formation, we identify key transitions that govern differentiation. Statistical mechanics complements this framework by modeling energy landscapes and phase transitions that reflect the emergent properties of neural architectures. Together, these interdisciplinary methods elucidate the role of topological features in genetic regulation and neural circuit specialization, with implications for neurodevelopment, pathology, and artificial intelligence.
Hydro-Environmental Research on Climate Change Adaptation of Water Infrastructure in the Mediterranean Region
Authors: Stamou Anastasios I. , Mitsopoulos Georgios , Sfetsos Athanasios , Stamou Athanasia Tatiana , Varotsos Konstantinos V. , Giannakopoulos Christos , Koutroulis Aristeidis
Published: November 2024

Water Infrastructure (WI) incorporating water supply, wastewater, and stormwater systems is vulnerable to Climate Change (CC) impacts that can disrupt their functionality; thus, WI needs to be adapted to CC. In 2021 the European Commission (EC) released the technical guidelines on “Climate-proofing Infrastructure” that include mitigation and adaptation strategies; these guidelines and the relevant guides that followed, focus mainly on CC aspects without examining sufficiently the engineering features of WI that are described mainly in the relevant hydro-environment research; this research is vast and includes various terminologies and methods for all aspects of CC adaptation. The adaptation procedure of WI to CC can be significantly improved when this research is known to guidelines’ developers. To facilitate this knowledge transfer, we performed a review on the hydro-environmental research that we present in this paper as follows: firstly, we introduce and typologize the climate hazards for WI systems and identify the most important of them in the Mediterranean Region that we classify into seven groups; then, we classify the hydro-environmental research into five categories that is based on the EC guidelines, present the main aspects for each of these categories, discuss the future research, and finally we summarize the conclusions.
Role of miR-1233-3p in Angiopoietin-1-induced Angiogenesis
Authors: Sanchez Veronica , Harel Sharon , Sau'b Anas Khalid , Mayaki Dominique , Hussain Sabah N.A.
Published: November 2024

Angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1) and its receptor Tie-2 promote vascular integrity and angiogenesis. microRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in the regulation of many cellular functions, including endothelial cell (EC) survival, proliferation and differentiation. Several reports indicate that these effects of miRNAs on EC functions are mediated through modulation of angiogenesis factor signaling including that of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). To date, very little is known about the roles played by miRNAs in the signaling and angiogenesis promoted by the Ang-1/Tie-2 receptor axis. Our high throughput screening of miRNAs regulated by Ang-1 exposure in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) has identified miR-1233-3p as a mature miRNA whose cellular levels are significantly downregulated in response to Ang-1 exposure. Expression of miR-1233-3p in these cells is also downregulated by other angiogenesis factors including VEGF, fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2), transforming growth factor  (TGF) and angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2). Overexpression of miR-1233-3p in HUVECs using specific mimics significantly attenuated cell survival, migration and capillary-like tube formation and promoted apoptosis. Moreover, miR-1233-3p over-expression resulted in reversal of the anti-apoptotic, the pro-migration and pro-differentiation effects of Ang-1. Biotinylated miRNA pull-down assays that p53 and DNA damage regulated 1 (PDRG1) is a direct target of miR-1233-3p in HUVECs. Exposure of HUVECs to Ang-1, angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2), fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) or transforming growth factor β (TGF) triggers regulation of PDRG1 expression. This study highlights that miR-1233-3p plays important roles in regulating Ang-1/Tie-2 signaling and angiogenesis in ECs.
Advancing Self-Social Engineering in Tourism Environmental Management: Integrating Environmental Psychology, Planned Behavior, and Norm Activation Theories
Authors: Said Laila Refiana , Swandari Fifi , Jikrillah Sufi , Sausan Sausan , Azizah Fathia
Published: November 2024

This study aims to develop the concept of Self-Social Engineering in the context of tourism, focusing on tourists’ pro-environmental behavior. By integrating psychological theories such as Environmental Psychology Theory, Theory of Planned Behavior, and Norm Activation Theory, the purpose of the investigation was to determine the extent of the direct influence of independent variables of perceived environmental quality, attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control on self-social engineering and indirect influence of them through intention to engage in environmentally responsible behavior. The structural analysis results from a sample of 191 visitors indicated that the unified model demonstrates a satisfactory predictive capability for self-social engineering. The results show that self-social engineering is critical in encouraging pro-environmental behavior. In addition, this study also highlights the importance of improving individuals’ attitudes and perceptions regarding their ability to carry out pro-environmental actions. The implications of this study are the need to develop effective communication strategies to cultivate environmental conservation values and provide adequate facilities and support to facilitate tourists in carrying out environmentally friendly actions.
Biocides Based on Essential Oils for Sustainable Conservation and Restoration of Mural Paintings in Built Cultural Heritage
Authors: Mateus Dina , Costa Fernando , de Jesus Vasco , Malaquias Leonor
Published: November 2024

Microbial deterioration poses a significant threat to built heritage, particularly mural paintings, where traditional synthetic biocides can have adverse environmental and material impacts. This study evaluates the effectiveness of essential oils derived from four aromatic plants—thyme (Thymus mastichina L.), fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.), pennyroyal (Mentha pulegium L.), and green lavender (Lavandula viridis L’Hér.)—as natural biocides against microorganisms isolated from mural paintings in the House of Moscadim, an 18th-century manor house in Portugal. Four microorganisms were isolated: two bacteria (Bacillus wiedmannii and Bacillus mobilis) and two fungi (Penicillium brevicompactum and Cladosporium cladosporioides). The antimicrobial activity of the essential oils was assessed using both direct contact and micro-atmosphere methods. Fennel essential oil exhibited the strongest antifungal activity against both fungal species, surpassing the efficacy of the commercial biocide Biotin T® in some cases. Pennyroyal and lavender essential oils also showed significant inhibitory effects. The micro-atmosphere method demonstrated the potential for non-invasive application of essential oils, preserving the integrity of delicate mural surfaces. These findings suggest that essential oils, particularly fennel oil, constitute a promising natural alternative to synthetic biocides for the sustainable conservation of cultural heritage. Further research is recommended to explore their long-term effects and to optimize application techniques.
Design and Real-Time Control of an Electric Furnace with Three-Dimensional Heating
Authors: Guney Ali , Cakir Oguzhan
Published: November 2024

Currently, heating in electric ovens is generally achieved using heaters placed on the top and bottom surfaces. In some advanced ovens, heaters are installed on the back surface, allowing 3D heating. However, in these ovens, temperature measurements are obtained from a single point, making temperature control unreliable. Additionally, because there are no heaters on the left, right, or front surfaces of the oven, homogeneous heating is not possible with this type of oven. In this study, a unique electric oven equipped with heaters and temperature sensors on all six surfaces was designed and produced. Subsequently, the heating model of the oven was derived using the Ziegler-Nichols tangent method, and the gain factors for the proportional (P), proportional-integral (PI), and proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controllers were determined. Furthermore, real-time digital control of the oven was performed using on-off, P, PI, and PID controllers. The experimental results showed that homogeneous heating could only be achieved when all panels were energized. Additionally, the PI and PID controllers stabilized the system with a maximum steady-state error of 4 °C in all cases, demonstrating the accuracy of the derived system model and adequacy of the implemented control system.
Analytical Equations for the Prediction of the Failure Mode of Reinforced Concrete Beam-Column Joints based on Interpretable Machine Learning and SHAP values
Authors: Karampinis Ioannis , Karabini Martha A. , Rousakis Theodoros C. , Iliadis Lazaros , Karabinis Athanasios
Published: November 2024

One of the most critical components of reinforced concrete structures are the beam-column joint systems, which greatly affect the overall behavior of the structure during a major seismic event. According to modern design codes, if the system fails, it should fail due to flexural yielding of the beam and not due to shear failure of the joint, which occurs suddenly and can lead to collapse, endangering human lives. Thus, a reliable tool is required for the prediction of the failure mode of the joints in a preexisting population of structures. In the present paper, a novel methodology for the derivation of analytical equations for this task is presented. The formulation is based on SHapley Additive exPlanations values, which is commonly employed as an explainability tool in Machine Learning. Instead, in the present paper, they are also utilized as a transformed target variable on which the analytical curves are fitted, which approximate the predictions of an underlying Machine Learning model. A dataset comprised of 478 experimental results is utilized and the eXtreme Gradient Boosting algorithm is initially fitted. This achieved an overall accuracy of ≈84%. The derived analytical equations achieved an accuracy of ≈78%. The corresponding metrics of Precision, Recall, and F1-Score ranged from ≈76% to ≈80% and were close across the two modes, indicating an unbiased model.
Isolation and Characterization of Extracellular Vesicles from EGFR mutated Lung Cancer Cells
Authors: Salih Dian Jamel , Reiners Katrin S , Alfieri Roberta , Percario Zulema , Di Stefano Mariantonietta , Sollitto Francesco , Affabris Elisabetta , Hartmann Gunther , Santantonio Teresa Antonia
Published: November 2024

The epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway is essential for cellular processes such as proliferation, survival, and migration. Dysregulation of EGFR signaling is frequently observed in non-small cell lung cancer and is associated with a poor prognosis. Aim: This study aims to isolate and characterize extracellular vesicles released by mutant-EGFR lung cancer cell line PC9 and compare them with wild type EGFR lung cancer cell line A549. Methodology: The two lung cancer cell lines were cultured with 2% EV-free serum, and EVs were subsequently isolated by differential (ultra)centrifugation. EVs were analyzed by nanoparticle tracking analysis for quantification and size determination. The presence and characterization of the isolated EVs was conducted with immunoblotting. Dysregulation of hsa-miR-128-3p in both cell lines and EVs was assessed by qRT-PCR. Results showed that EGFR mutation significantly increased EV release and altered their size, compared to EVs released by wild type EGFR cell line. In addition to classical EV marker such as CD9, CD81, Flotillin-1 and TSG101, Western blot analysis also detected phosphorylated EGFR. Furthermore, EGFR mutation led to a significant downregulation of hsa-miR-128-3p in EVs. In conclusion, this study highlights the significant influence of EGFR activation on EV release and cargo, providing insights into tumor behavior and potential biomarkers for lung cancer.
Pellet Analyses of Sporadic Breeding Short-Eared Owl (Asio flammeus) in Central Israel
Authors: Hadad Ezra , Yosef Reuven
Published: November 2024

This study investigates the dietary habits and breeding behaviors of the Short-eared Owl (Asio flammeus) in central Israel, highlighting its reliance on rodent populations, particularly Günther's vole (Microtus guentheri), as a primary food source. In 260 pellets, we identified 385 individual prey items, with mammals constituting 98.2% of the diet, underscoring the owl's almost exclusive dependence on these small mammals for sustenance. The average weight of the analyzed pellets was 3.3 grams (+ 1.11 SD), with a significant majority of the biomass derived from rodent prey. Our findings reveal that the Short-eared Owl exhibits opportunistic breeding behaviors, migrating in response to prey availability and occasionally breeding outside its known range when conditions are favorable. This research contributes to understanding the ecological dynamics of the Short-eared Owl in a rapidly changing environment and emphasizes the importance of rodent populations in sustaining their breeding success. The results underscore the need for targeted conservation efforts to protect the owl and its critical prey species in the region.
Maintain a Positive Attitude and Visit Urban Forest Parks More Often! Using Positive Emotions as a Mediating Variable Between Nature and Happiness
Authors: Bai Zhengkang , Zhang Shuangquan , He Hui
Published: November 2024

With the acceleration of urbanization around the world, city dwellers face increasing levels of work stress and mental health issues, which negatively impact their happiness. The purpose of this study was to explore the impact of natural environment on residents' mental health and well-being in urban forest parks, and to analyze the relationship between natural environment perception, psychological recovery, restorative environment perception and subjective well-being. Through a questionnaire survey conducted in a botanical garden in Hunan Province, 504 valid samples were collected. Through structural equation model (SEM) analysis, the results show that: (1) natural environment perception has significant positive effects on psychological recovery and restorative environment perception. (2) Psychological recovery as an intermediary variable significantly improved residents' subjective well-being. In addition, the characteristics of an individual's social background, such as gender, education level, occupation, and frequency of visits, are closely related to the perception and well-being of the natural environment. Among them, the increase of the frequency of visit has a significant positive effect on the improvement of individual's natural environment perception, restorative environment perception, subjective well-being and psychological recovery. The results show that: (1) Urban planners should improve the accessibility of urban forest parks and integrate restorative elements into the design. (2) Encourage residents to visit frequently to improve mental health and well-being. The results of this study provide empirical support for the value of urban forest parks in promoting public mental health and well-being, and provide scientific basis for urban planning and green space management.
AML and ALL Classification and Metabolic Characteristics for Informing and Advancing Treatment
Authors: Wemyss Carrie , Jones Emily , Stentz Regis , Carding Simon R
Published: November 2024

Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) and acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) remain significant challenges in haematological oncology. This review examines the pathophysiology, classification, and risk stratification of these aggressive malignancies, emphasising their impact on treatment strategies and prognosis. We discuss current standard-of-care treatments, including chemother-apy regimens and targeted therapies, while addressing the associated adverse effects and hyper-sensitivity reactions. Delving into the metabolic characteristics and vulnerabilities of leukaemia cells, the review highlights the key differences between lymphoid and myeloid leukaemia and how metabolic insights can be utilised for therapeutic purposes, with special focus on asparagi-nase therapy and its potential for improvement in both ALL and AML treatment. The review conveys the importance of personalised medicine approaches based on individual metabolic pro-files and the challenges posed by metabolic heterogeneity and plasticity in leukaemia cells. Inte-grating molecular and metabolic profiling can inform and advance treatment strategies for acute leukaemia, potentially improving patient outcomes and quality of life.
High Throughput Sequencing for Detection of Viruses in Grapevine: Performance Analysis and Best Practices
Authors: Stevens Kristian , Al Rwahnih Maher
Published: November 2024

Among the cultivated crop species, the economically and culturally important Grapevine plays host to the greatest number of distinctly characterized viruses. A critical component of the management and containment of these viral diseases in Grape is both the identification of infected vines and the characterization of new pathogens. Next generation high throughput sequencing technologies, i.e. HTS, have been widely adopted for their ability to quickly, broadly, and directly characterize molecular sequences associated with potential pathogens. We empirically analyze the performance of HTS as a diagnostic tool in a phytosanitary context and make recommendations on its deployment for detecting known and novel viruses in Grape. Three popular and widely used modalities for analyzing HTS data are characterized and compared using the standard diagnostic performance criteria of sensitivity (the true positive rate) and specificity (the true negative rate) and characterize diagnostic sensitivity using dilution series.
The Integration of Critical View of Safety and Indocyanine Green Fluorescent Cholangiography to Enhance Patient Safety During Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy
Authors: Chartkitchareon Anuwat , Tullavardhana Thawatchai
Published: November 2024

Backgrounds: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) is the standard treatment for gallstone-related diseases, but bile duct injury remains a significant complication. This study investigates the efficacy of integrating the Critical View of Safety (CVS) and Indocyanine Green (ICG) fluorescent cholangiography to prevent bile duct injury.Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 50 patients with cholelithiasis and gallstone-related complications who underwent LC at Srinakharinwirot University from April 2022 to April 2024. ICG (2.5 mg) was administered intravenously 60 minutes before surgery. LC was performed using a near-infrared light source. Statistical analysis included Chi-squared, unpaired t-tests, and logistic regression, with a significance level at p < 0.05.Results: The study included 25 males and 25 females, with an average age of 55.6 years. CVS was established in 78% of cases. Most cholecystectomies were complete (88%); no major bile duct injuries were reported. One patient (2%) experienced minor postoperative bile leakage, which resolved spontaneously. Visualization rates for the common bile duct (100%). Patients with gallbladder inflammation or previous ERCP had lower visualization rates, but these differences were not statistically significant. The non-CVS group had significantly longer operative times (75.9 vs. 60.5 minutes; p<0.001) and higher rates of incomplete cholecystectomy (54.5% vs. 0%; p<0.001) than the CVS established group.Conclusion: Integrating CVS and ICG fluorescent cholangiography enhances the patient safety of LC by improving bile duct visualization and reducing the risk of injury. This combined approach should be considered as standard practice in surgical training and healthcare.
NMR-Based Metabolomic Analysis of Serum and Interstitial Fluid from Patients with Breast Cancer-Related Lymphedema
Authors: Yanshole Vadim V. , Yanshole Lyudmila V. , Gorina Daria S. , Osik Nataliya A. , Nimaev Vadim V. , Tsentalovich Yuri P.
Published: November 2024

Background: Breast cancer-related lymphedema (BCRL) is a serious complication often occurring after breast cancer surgery, which substantially diminishes the quality of life for those affected. Current treatments, including conservative and surgical approaches, primarily address lymphedema symptoms, slow disease progression, and mitigate complications. Therefore, there is an urgent need for new and effective methods for early diagnosis and treatment of BCRL. Methods: In the current study, we analyzed human serum and interstitial fluid (ISF) from BCRL patients without cancer progression (n = 22, age 69.6 ± 3.4 years). Control blood samples were collected from age-matched individuals without BCRL (n = 12, age 63.7 ± 6.5 years). Quantitative metabolomic profiling of the samples was performed using a high-frequency 1H NMR, and the concentrations (in μM) of a total of 48 metabolites in the samples were determined. Results: Serum and ISF in BCRL patients display a similar metabolomic composition: concentrations of most metabolites are similar or comparable. At the same time, the concentrations of pyruvic acid, 2-ketoisovaleric acid, ketoleucine, 3-methyl-2-oxovaleric acid, tryptophan, proline, creatine, isobutyric acid, propylene glycol, ascorbic acid, formic acid, isoleucine, leucine, threonine, and creatinine are higher in serum of BCRL patients compared to controls. Quantitative metabolite set enrichment analysis (QMSEA) of serum samples from BCRL patients and controls indicates that the most affected metabolic pathways involve energy production and inflammation. Conclusions: Differential serum metabolites reported in this study can be considered potential biomarkers for lymphedema.
Interpretable Asset Selection in Robust Portfolio Optimization: A Correlation Market Graph Sparsification Framework
Authors: Tsigkounakis Leonidas
Published: November 2024

Investment return realizations often provide only partial distributional information, yet traditional portfolio optimization frameworks assume preserved statistical properties which can lead to modeling risk. To address this, we employ a robust optimization framework called Wasserstein distributionally robust optimization (WDRO) on the mean absolute deviation (MAD) of portfolio returns. This approach provides cross-distributional robustness via worst-case risk minimization over all distributions within a Wasserstein ball of radius ϵ centered on some empirical distribution estimate. However, as the number of assets increases, the optimization problem becomes high-dimensional and sensitive to signal noise. To alleviate this burden, we discard redundant assets from the investment universe by virtue of correlation market graph sparsification. To the best of our knowledge, the combination of market graph sparsification with the WDRO framework is a novel contribution introduced in this study. We demonstrate that this methodology delivers superior results in both computational efficiency and test-set return statistics when applied to real-world S&P500 stock price data from 2018 to 2024.
Statistical Model of Nuclear Fission Using Hill-Wheeler Equation as Quantum Mechanical Distribution Function
Authors: Maruyama Hirokazu
Published: November 2024

We introduce the Hill-Wheeler equation as a quantum mechanical distribution function for nuclear fission, replacing the conventional Fermi-Dirac distribution function of the Fermi gas model. Our model treats fission fragments as harmonic oscillators without adjustable parameters. Through calculations using experimental data on nuclear fission product charge distributions, we found that the effective fission distance is proportional to the product of fragment charge numbers, and the compound nucleus possesses different effective fission barrier corrections for each constituent element. Comparing calculated effective nuclear fission barrier corrections with neutron separation energies showed good agreement with experimental nuclear fission cross-sections, demonstrating our model’s accuracy in describing nuclear fission characteristics.
Remote Sensing Image Detection Method Combining Dynamic Convolution and Attention Mechanism
Authors: Zhang Yunfei , Chen Ming , Chen Cong
Published: November 2024

Small object detection has always been a challenging task in the field of remote sensing image detection. Due to the small proportion and limited pixel size of small objects in images, especially when using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), the downsampling operation in traditional algorithms often leads to the loss of detailed information of small objects, causing missed detection issues. To address this problem, this paper proposes an improved YOLOv8 algorithm. We designed an adaptive feature extraction and multi-scale fusion module, which enhances the expressive ability of features and effectively extracts the detailed information of small objects. We incorporated the AFGCAttention attention mechanism to strengthen the network's focus on key regions, suppress irrelevant background information, and improve the model's ability to recognize small objects. To overcome the resolution loss problem in small object detection, we adopted the CARAFE (Content-Aware ReAssembly of FEatures) upsampling operator. By reorganizing feature maps with content-awareness, it avoids the blurriness and information loss commonly found in traditional upsampling methods, especially showing significant advantages in the reconstruction of small object details, making their boundaries clearer and more accurate. Meanwhile, to improve the accuracy of bounding box regression, we combined the GIoU loss function to optimize the geometric shape matching between the target and predicted boxes, solving the issue of inaccurate bounding box localization in small object detection and improving localization precision. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm achieves significant accuracy improvement in small object detection tasks, maintaining high detection robustness in complex background scenes. The improved model reaches a mean average precision (mAP) of 83.0% and an accuracy of 85.0%, which is an increase of 2.0% and 5.0%, respectively, compared to the baseline model. Compared with existing methods, this approach has significant advantages in detection accuracy, localization precision, and model computational efficiency, especially demonstrating outstanding performance in small object detection.
Exploring Phage Therapy as a Sustainable Solution to Combat Antimicrobial Resistance in Africa: Challenges, Applications, and Future Directions
Authors: Obidi Nwasoluchukwu , Ekpunobi Nzube
Published: November 2024

The increasing threat of antibiotic resistance in Africa, coupled with limited access to advanced antibiotics and high rates of bacterial infections, poses a serious public health challenge. Bacteriophages, viruses that target and destroy bacteria, present a promising alternative or complementary therapy to traditional antibiotics. Phage therapy leverages its unique ability to target specific bacterial strains without affecting the host's beneficial microbiota. It is an effective tool against multi-drug-resistant infections, particularly in resource-limited settings. This paper explores the potential of phage therapy in Africa, highlighting its advantages, such as specificity, minimal side effects, and cost-effectiveness, alongside its capability to tackle biofilm-associated and antibiotic-resistant infections. It reviews current research and collaborations, including case studies from Nigeria, Benin, and South Africa, that demonstrate the efficacy of phage therapy against pathogens like Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Furthermore, it discusses the challenges to implementation, such as regulatory hurdles, public scepticism, and infrastructure limitations, while emphasising the importance of developing local production and awareness campaigns. The paper concludes by recommending the integration of phage therapy into Africa’s healthcare strategies to address AMR. Through strategic partnerships, education, and regulatory frameworks, phage therapy could become a transformative solution, particularly for neglected diseases and infections common in low-resource settings. As Africa seeks innovative approaches to its growing AMR crisis, phage therapy stands out as a viable and adaptable option.
An Assessment of Science Process Skills in Junior High School Education: Perspectives of Students and Teachers in Indonesia
Authors: Tawil Muh.
Published: November 2024

This study aims to assess the understanding of science process skills (SPS) of science students and teachers in Indonesia: how is the picture of SPS understanding of student groups A, B, C, and D and teacher groups A, B, C, and D?; is there a significant difference in the average score of SPS understanding between student groups A, B, C, and D and teacher groups A, B, C, and D. The research method used is descriptive-inferential. Data collection uses SPS diagnostic tests. The research sample consisted of (580) students and (132) science teachers in Indonesia. The sampling technique used purposive sampling. The results of the study found that: the average score of students' SPS understanding was higher than that of teachers, there was no significant difference in the average score of SPS understanding between student groups A, B, C, and D and teacher groups A, B, C, and D; there is no significant difference in the average SPS understanding score between student groups A, B, and C. The descriptive analysis found that the average SPS understanding score of all student groups A, B, C and D was higher than all teacher groups A, B, C, and D. Factors of practical experience or access to SPS materials influenced this result; inferential statistical analysis found that there was no significant difference in the average SPS understanding score between all student groups A, B, C, and D and all teacher groups A, B, C, and D. Students and teachers still need to be trained in SPS with the application of project-based learning models or inquiry-based learning methods that directly involve SPS.
Nilai Religius dalam Pembelajaran Pancasila di tingkat SMA/MA
Authors: Kardiman Yuyus , Sapriya Sapriya , Sinaga Irene Camelyn , Casmana Asep Rudi
Published: November 2024

Abstrak
Tujuan utama dari pendidikan nasional Indonesia adalah menciptakan manusia yang beriman dan bertaqwa. Diimplmenetasikan dalam kurikulum menjadi ketercapaian utama dan pertama berupa profil pelajar yang beriman dan bertaqwa serta berakhlak mulia. Untuk itu nilai-nilai religious sebagai implementasi sila Ketuhanan Yang Maha Esa harus dikembangkan setiap guru, tidak saja melalui pembiasaan dan pembudayaan sekolah atau mengawali dang mengakhiri kelas dengan berdoa, tetapi juga menjadikan setiap konsep atau teori dari materi setiap mata pelajaran di hubungkan dengan kehidupan religious nya, yakni keimanan dan ketaqwaan terhadap Tuhan Yang Maha Esa. Namun dalam praktiknya tidak banyak guru yang memiliki kesadaran dan kompetensi untuk menghubungkan nilai Religious dengan teori dan konsep di setiap bidang pelajaran. Untuk itulah perlu kajian tentang bagaimana hubungan antara nilai religious dalam Pancasila dengan teori dan konsep dalam setiap pembelajaran. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mencari berbagai informasi, pengetahuan dan pemahaman tentang hubungan antara teori dan konsep dalam setiap bidang ilmu dengan nilai religious dalam Pancasila di tingkat SMA/MA. Metode penelitian menggunakan kajian Pustaka. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah bahwa setiap bidang ilmu di tingkat SMA/MA dapat dihubungkan dengan nilai religious dalam Pancasilia. Hubungan tersebut dapat berupa guna dan manfaat dari ilmu terhadap peningkatanan religiousitas Pancasila atau analogi teori dan konsep dengan peningkatan nilai religius.
Kata kunci: nilai religius, pancasila, pembelajaran
Literature study of people's views on the use of mosques as a place for Democratic Parties
Authors: Hafsyah Ade Safitri
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Mosques have become important centers in social, religious, and political life in various contexts, including the United States, Europe, and Indonesia. This paper aims to explore the public's views on the use of mosques as a place for democratic parties and their implications in social and political contexts. This research method involves an in-depth literature study of various academic sources, including scientific journals, books, and research reports. Findings from literature studies show that in the United States, literature studies show a positive relationship between mosque attendance and political engagement, with mosques serving as community centers that facilitate political discussion and participation. In Europe, trends show a link between mosque attendance and political participation, highlighting the role of religion in strengthening community engagement. In Indonesia, the historical and cultural context of mosques affects people's views on the use of mosques for political activities. Some people see it as a legitimate form of political activism, while others see it as a violation of the mosque's primary purpose as a place of worship. The social and political implications of using mosques for democratic activities include their impact on social dynamics, election results, and democratic legitimacy. The importance of understanding the diverse views of society and the implications of using mosques for political activities is to formulate inclusive and sustainable policies and strengthen the foundations of democracy in Indonesia.
Keywords: democracy, political participation, politics
La gestión de la Infraestructura Verde fluvial a escala metropolitana: el caso de Sevilla a la luz de la experiencia de Barcelona
Authors: Fazeli Tello Daniel , Del Moral Ituarte Leandro , Fernández Salinas Víctor
Published: November 2024

El artículo comienza identificando las continuidades y cambios conceptuales entre la Infraestructura Verde y los tradicionales Sistemas de Espacios Libres, inicialmente desarrollados en el marco del urbanismo y posteriormente en el de la ordenación del territorio. Sobre esa base, se aborda el estudio de las propuestas formuladas a lo largo de más de dos décadas por la planificación territorial en el caso de la aglomeración urbana de Sevilla y se contrastan con el estado actual de estos sistemas. Con ese telón de fondo, y con el apoyo de 11 entrevistas semi-estructuradas a expertos en investigación y/o gestión de Infraestructura Verde, se analizan dos modelos específicos de gestión de Infraestructura Verde fluvial actualmente operativos en el área metropolitana de Barcelona (ríos Llobregat y Besòs). Finalmente se concluye confirmando la necesidad de abordar la gestión desde una escala supramunicipal, preferentemente metropolitana, subrayando la diversidad de las fórmulas concretas; así como la necesidad de transitar desde modelos convencionales de gobernanza participativa a procesos de coproducción social y cogestión de las nuevas realidades espaciales que las Infraestructuras Verdes significan. También se identifican las debilidades que presenta el modelo de gestión barcelonés en contraposición a las visiones idealizadas sobre el mismo, además de los aspectos positivos que pueden extraerse del proceso desarrollado en Sevilla.
A Continuous Multistage Fracing Technique
Authors: Webster K. R. , Goins W. C. , Berry S. C.
Published: November 2024

Wells with multiple producing zones can be fractured one zone at a time during continuous pumping with a high degree of probability of treating all zones by [1] perforating with charges designed to produce round, burr-free holes; [2] perforating the same low number of holes [usually eight] into each zone; [3] perforating in acid; and [4] using sealer balls between frac stages exactly matching in number the holes in each zone.

During field trials of the process, recovered fluid-cut sealer balls indicated that quite often jet perforated hol.es had poor roundness and ragged burrs preventing good seal. It was necessary to have jet charges and guns redesigned to provide consistently round and burr-free entrance holes. Perforating the same number of holes per zone eliminates the guesswork when determining the number of ball sealers to use per stage. Experience has shown that perforating in acid reduces breakdown pressures, allowing the process to be used in areas where previous fracing indicated the method could not be applied. Using sufficient holes per zone to handle the total pumping rate at a low differential pressure prevents breaking down more than one zone at a time. High differential pressure from too few holes consumes energy and adds to the cost of the treatment. A calculation procedure is used to determine the holes required per zone based on flow rates and total cross sectional area of the perforations.
In-depth comparison of sorghum straw composting process inoculated with mature compost or commercial microbial agent
Authors: Li Xiao-Xing , Chu Xiu-Lin , Zhang Wen-Shuai , Zhao-Yong Sun , Tang Yue-Qin
Published: November 2024

This study explored the effects of inoculation with different microbial sources (mature compost (MC) or commercial microbial agents (MA)) on the physicochemical properties and the structure and functional succession of microbial communities during sorghum straw (SS) composting. The results showed that the volatile solid (VS) degradation efficiency increased by 30.34% and 20.27% respectively by adding MC (M2) and MA (M3), from that without inoculation (M1). Both additives improved the seed germination index (GI) of the end products (M2: 142.43% > M3: 120.54% > M1: 107.79%). MC inoculation exhibited superior performance than MA inoculation, probably owing to the fast adaptation of MC to the SS composting environment. Microbial analysis showed that MC addition significantly enriched the core bacterial genera Thermobifida, Lysinibacillus, and unclassified_o__Bacillales related to VS degradation efficiency and GI and promoted the succession rate of microbial communities, consequently acceleratingthe composting process into the maturation stage. Co-occurrence network analysis demonstrated that MC inoculation bolstered synergistic relationships among the bacteria. Correlation analysis also indicated that the discrepancy in species and abundance of introduced functional bacteria was the main reason for the differences among the three treatments. These results provide useful information for strategies to promote SS composting and reveal the potential influence mechanism of exogenous inoculants on microbial community succession.
An end-to-end quantitative identification method for mining wire rope damage based on time series classification and deep learning
Authors: Zhao Chun , Tian Jie , Wang Hongyao , Shi Zhangwen , Wang Xingjun , Huang Jingwen , Tang Lingguo
Published: November 2024

Mining wire rope (MWR) is an important part of mine hoisting equipment and plays a key role in mining operations. Damage to these ropes can significantly reduce production efficiency and pose serious safety risks to workers. Therefore, quantitatively identifying damage in MWR is of great importance. Traditional methods for damage signal identification rely on manual feature extraction (MFE), which depends heavily on experience and lacks stability and flexibility. This paper proposes an end-to-end (E2E) quantitative identification model for MWR damage based on time series classification (TSC) and deep learning (DL). Unlike traditional methods, the E2E model learns features directly from the one-dimensional raw signals of MWR damage and does not require MFE. In order to test its validity and versatility, experiments were conducted on three different datasets. The results show that the E2E method performs well in quantitatively identifying MWR damage compared to other methods and this method meets the requirements of the mining industry in terms of precision and efficiency to ensure safe and reliable operation of mining work.
Experimental Evaluation of Commercial Quadruped Robots: Stability and Performance in Accelerating Environments
Authors: Misenti Stephen , Hertel Brendan , Weng Bowen , Donald Ryan , Jawaji Advait , Kosoko-Thoroddsen Magnus-Tryggvi , Azadeh Reza , Gu Yan
Published: November 2024

This paper presents an experimental evaluation of the stability and performance of commercial quadrupedal robots, specifically the Ghost Robotics Vision 60 and Boston Dynamics Spot, under dynamic ground conditions typical of non-inertial naval environments. Our study systematically assesses these robots in controlled laboratory settings and real-world scenarios aboard the M80 Stiletto, a naval prototype vessel. The experiments simulate various sea wave conditions and ship motions to rigorously test the robots' stability, balance, and path-following capabilities.We analyze primary metrics including the distance of the center of mass to the support polygon boundary, body-position tracking accuracy, trunk orientation steadiness, and joint torque profiles under dynamic disturbances from ground accelerations. The results reveal that while both robots demonstrate operational capabilities, significant challenges remain. Vision 60, in particular, exhibits superior stability, balance, and lower peak torque when handling substantial ground motions compared to Spot.However, both robots struggle with accurate body-position tracking under aggressive ground motions, underscoring the need for advanced control strategies. These findings highlight the limitations of current commercial quadruped robots in operating on accelerating grounds and underscore the urgent requirement for further research and development in motion planning and control design.