bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Hagiographic Hero in a Novelistic Narrative: Laurus by Eugene Vodolazkin (Part One)
Authors:   Turgenev Orel State University, Shaikin Aleksandr A.
Published: October 2021

As genres, the hagiography and the novel are close in their intention to show the path of a personality and to depict the whole life of a hero. However, the value orientations of a novelistic hero and a hagiographic hero are opposite: from the very beginning, the latter denies what the former is striving for — the success in worldly life. The main hero of E. G. Vodolazkin’s novel Laurus, from his very birth, has the inclinations of the hagiographic hero, but at the beginning of his independent life, he behaves not in the hagiographic, but in the novelistic way, which leads him to tragedy: his beloved woman dies without the repentance and ritual that are important in terms of hagiography. The article examines how the hero, trying to save the soul of his beloved woman, turns his life into a constant feat of serving people. On this path he reconsiders the meaning of life’s goals on a general and individual level, the categories of time and how time is filled with events, and the horizontal (“worldly life”) and vertical (“a life leading to Heaven”) paths. The hero goes through four distinct life periods and, accordingly, changes his name four times, but a certain monad of his personality remains unchanged. Growing in holiness, the hero saves the life of a young woman — he assists her when she delivers her baby — and that compensates for the loss of his beloved one and their unborn son. Since after the hero's death his unburied body does not decay and eventually disappears, it can be assumed that the hero achieves the goal of his life — the salvation of his beloved woman's soul, as well as his own. The ­method of analytical reading allows us to trace how the author in his narration overcomes the ­antinomy of the novelistic and hagiographic principles, and how those principles influence each other and grow into each other.
A Hagiographic Hero in a Novelistic Narrative: Laurus by Eugene Vodolazkin (Part Two)
Authors:   Turgenev Orel State University, Shaikin Aleksandr A.
Published: October 2021

As genres, hagiography and the novel are close in their intention to show the path of a personality and to depict the whole life of a hero. However, the value orientations of a novelistic hero and a hagiographic hero are opposite: from the very beginning, the latter denies what the former is striving for — the success in worldly life. From his very birth, the main hero of E. G. Vodolazkin’s novel Laurus has the inclinations of a hagiographic hero, but at the beginning of his independent life, he behaves not in a hagiographic, but in a novelistic way, which leads him to tragedy: his beloved woman dies without the repentance and ritual that are important in terms of hagiography. The article examines how the hero, trying to save the soul of his beloved woman, turns his life into a constant feat of serving people. On this path he reconsiders the meaning of life’s goals on a general and individual level, the categories of time and how time is filled with events, and the horizontal (“worldly life”) and vertical (“a life leading to Heaven”) paths. The hero goes through four distinct periods in his life and, accordingly, changes his name four times, but a certain monad of his personality remains unchanged. Growing in holiness, the hero saves the life of a young woman — he assists her when she delivers her baby — and that compensates for the loss of his beloved one and their unborn son. Since after the hero's death his unburied body does not decay and eventually disappears, it can be assumed that the hero achieves the goal of his life — the salvation of his beloved woman's soul, as well as his own. The method of analytical reading allows us to trace how in his narration the author overcomes the antinomy of the novelistic and hagiographic principles, and how these principles influence each other and grow into each other.
Fragments of a Chronicle Written at the Metropolitan’s Court on the Eve of the Oprichnina
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Belov Nikita V.
Published: October 2021

The article presents a study of five entries for the year 7070/71 (1562), placed in the continuation of the ”Abbreviated Russian Chronicle”, which is found in a manuscript miscellany of historical and ecclesiastical texts from the late 16th — early 17th century. Although A. N. Nasonov and A. A. Zimin brought this chronicle to the attention of scholars in the middle of the 20th century, the text remains poorly studied and unpublished. The entries are devoted to major events that occurred in 1562: the beginning of the MuscoviteLithuanian War, the departure of Ivan IV to Mozhaisk, the death of Bishop Guriy of Ryazan, the arrest of the Vorotynsky princes, the visit of Archbishop Pimen of Novgorod to Moscow, and the fire in Pskov. Of the greatest value is the Chronicle’s information about the previously unknown ”Serpukhov treason case” that took place in the summer and fall of 1562, which led to the arrest and exile of Princes Mikhail Ivanovich and Aleksandr Ivanovich Vorotynsky, the dismissal of several other military commanders (voevody) from governmental service, and the aggravation of relations between Tsar Ivan and Prince Vladimir Andreyevich Staritsky. Most likely, this selection of chronicle entries was produced by someone in Metropolitan Makarii’s entourage between the years 1563 and 1565. The selection reflected the range of problems and essential issues that Makarii faced in his later years. The article is accompanied by the publication of the Chronicle
On the Dynamics of PostAgrarian Development: The Recycling of a Rural Fur Farm in the Republic of Karelia
Authors:   Peter the Great Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography (Kunstkamera) of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Shchepanskaia Tatiana B.
Published: October 2021

The article considers some aspects of post-agrarian development of the modern Russian village. The research is based on materials from the field ethnographic study of the territory of the Mikhailovsky rural settlement in the Olonetsky District of the Republic of Karelia, which was performed in May 2009. The research focuses on one case study: changes in material culture after the closure of a local fur farm (Zverosovkhoz) in the post-Soviet period. The transition from the use of equipment in a closed enterprise to its public and personal use, along with the renewal of a traditional rural way of life (traditional fishing and subsistence livestock production practices), led to the perception of this equipment (in particular, the reserves of metal wire mesh that was previously used in making animal cages) as a new environment - a source of materials for traditional rural activities. We record the use of these resources in fishing, livestock production, housekeeping, as well as in structuring (partitioning with fences) and improvement (cleaning) of public spaces. As a result, the equipment from the fur farm influences the emergence of a specific visual environment, which turns into a material embodiment of the collective memory of the times of the “state farm millionaire” (sovkhozmillioner). Another direction of the renewal of traditional rural ways of life is associated with the actualization of the ethnic identity of the Ludian Karelians and the development of rural and ethnic tourism. These processes have formed a request for objects of material culture that are made of traditional materials. These things are not involved in everyday economic activity but meant to be demonstrated as markers of ethnic and local identity.
Notes on the Development of the Official Biography in the Russian Tradition
Authors:   European University at Saint Petersburg, Baiburin Albert K.
Published: October 2021

This article covers the principles of the formation of the data that constituted the basis for the official curriculum vitae in the Russian tradition. There is reason to believe that this data had been worked out mainly within the bureaucratic institutions. The data was identified by analyzing the available documents, which describe the official portrait and the life path of a person. The research issue can be formulated as follows: what kind of data about the person, his or her social characteristics and life events were considered necessary by the authorities to be registered in various documents? To answer this question, it was necessary to study parish registers, passports from different time periods, service records, family lists, Soviet questionaries filled out by newly hired employees, and other documents. Since the time of Peter the Great, the following data have been gradually included in the official portrait of a person: name (first name, patronymic, family name), social estate (social standing), age, place of residence, religion (nationality), marital status, military status. In the description of the life path, it was necessary to provide information about close relatives, education, employment history, awards and penalties. Soviet questionaries always included questions about a person’s involvement with the Komsomol (Young Communist League) or the Communist Party and participation in social work. As a result, an individual’s life story presented in the official curriculum vitae consisted not of events, but of his various social statuses. The bureaucratic apparatus required information not so much of the individual himself as of his social environment. The change in the type of information required was determined by aspects of the political and social system in which the respective person existed.
History of the Family and Native Place in the Projection of the Life Path of a Professional Folklorist and Ethnographer
Authors:   Barents Centre of the Humanities of Kola Science Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Razumova Irina A.
Published: October 2021

The purpose of the article is to determine the value of works like the book Pomni korni svoi (“Remember your roots”) by the Karelian folklorist A.S. Stepanova about the history of her native village for humanitarian research and for the dissemination of historical and ethnographic knowledge. Stepanova’s book is examined in the context of problems concerning the possibilities and ways of reconciling academic and personal everyday knowledge in the situation when a humanities scholar is acting as a first-hand historian or as an ordinary life writer. While Stepanova’s scholarly works on Karelian lamentations are internationally known, the book in question was published both in Russian and Karelian and is addressed to her direct descendants. It is about the North Karelian village of Shombozero, which no longer exists. Most of its inhabitants were related by kinship. The narrative is based on the author's memoirs and autobiography. The book includes the results of genealogical reconstruction, documentary information about the history of the settlement, oral history materials, and the demographic history of households in the late 19th — first half of the 20th centuries. It describes the topography of the area, ways of communication and means of transportation, the traditional household, and economic and everyday life of the Karelians in the 1930s–1950s. The history of the place and the everyday life of its inhabitants are presented in the projection of the formation and life path of a professional philologist and teacher. The author of the book describes and reflects on the activities of rural “national” boarding schools in the 1930s–1940s, teachers and students, life stories of various immigrants from local peasant families, the daily life of university students in the 1950s, twists and turns in the life of her family, the process of becoming a scholar, and episodes from the history of the study of Karelian folklore. As a result, the book notably exceeds its objective to preserve family memory. It is a valuable source for the study of ethnography, ethno-social and ethno-linguistic processes, the circulation of folklore, social history of families and other areas of humanitarian and social studies. It conveys both local and general historical knowledge and can be used by specialists as a professional description of the life of the settler and family-related communities during changes due to chrisis.
Russian Ritual Specialists in Karelia
Authors:   Peter the Great Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography (Kunstkamera) of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Mazalova Natalia E.
Published: October 2021

This study deals with archaic ideas associated with Russian ritual specialists (sorcerers) in Karelia, their initiation, and the sources of their sacred knowledge and power. The author identifies the following signs of different types of “the knowledgeable”: strength, knowledge, the ability to enter altered states of consciousness, as well as to find a source of strength. Particular attention is paid to the specific means that neophytes employed to obtain sacred knowledge — through the teacher’s saliva and urine. Features of the everyday life of Russian ritual specialists in Karelia are also analyzed. It is believed that the main function of sorcerers is to perform maleficium (porcha). The sorcerer causes harm through a mediator who takes possession of a victim and “steals” her vital force, after which the victim becomes weak and dies. In the Russian tradition in Karelia, notions about wedding maleficium persisted throughout the twentieth century, and the study shows that many of its elements go back to archaic rites of passage that were rethought in the 19th and 20th centuries. The wedding is perceived as the symbolic “temporary death” of a person in one status — as an unmarried young fellow or an unmarried girl — and the “birth” of a person in a different status — as a married man or a married woman. The author argues that actions performed by a sorcerer at a wedding, while perceived as harmful to the young couple, are aimed at “introducing” the bride and groom into the state of “temporary death”. Since the “secret knowledge” of the healer is primarily based on the knowledge of incantations (zagovor), the article analyzes the process of passage and circulation of magical incantations in Karelia. The author concludes that the Russian sorcerer of Karelia is a complex figure. On the one hand, the image of the sorcerer retains the archaic features of the demiurge, who, during the wedding ceremony, creates new members of society — a young couple, capable of procreation. The sorcerer also controls the behavior of members of society. On the other hand, his image contains the features of a trickster, who “overturns” the foundations of the world, thus ushering its renewal. The functioning of the “secret knowledge” of the healer is aimed at restoring order out of chaos, restoring the integrity of the body, which the sorcerer has violated by “sending” sickness to a person. The mythological features of the image of the healer who heals at the cost of his own health, often through adoption of sickness from the patient, can be compared with the features of heroes-demiurges who sacrifice themselves.
Traditional Cattle Grazing in the Tambov Region (The Practical Aspect)
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Buzin Vladimir S.
Published: October 2021

The study of the practical aspect of traditional cattle grazing in the Tambov region is based on materials collected in the mid-1990s during field practices carried out by students of the Department of Ethnography and Anthropology of St. Petersburg State University under the supervision of the author of the article. It is quite justified to call the recorded practices “traditional” since breeding and grazing of private livestock by collective farmers did not change significantly even after collectivization. This is confirmed by the pre-revolutionary materials on the tradition of cattle grazing in the Kirsanovsky District (uezd) of Tambov Province cited in the article. This study employs the methods of comparative historical analysis but also take into account the unique features of the natural environment of various parts of the Tambov region. To graze its herd, a community hired a shepherd, made a written contract with him and confirmed it with a drink treat (magarych). The shepherds were usually local or from nearby villages. Each type of animal had its own shepherds. Depending on the size, a herd could have one or two shepherds, who were sometimes assisted by a shepherd boy. Grazing continued from the appearance of fresh grass in spring until the appearance of a permanent snow cover. Over time, the remuneration of shepherds changed from a combination of food and money to a mainly monetary one and shifted from a seasonal to a monthly schedule. Additionally, on certain days, the shepherd had the right to visit the cattle owners in order to get food from them. The shepherd was equipped with a whip and sometimes also had a horn. No information of any other features of his equipment and clothing was gathered. The article presents data on local peculiarities of cattle grazing. The collected materials show that to a certain extent, local differences were determined by the characteristics of the environment. When grazing in the forest, the size of the herd was smaller than on open pastures, sheep and goats were not grazed in the forest, and the shepherd used a horn there to gather animals.
Konstantin Kuzmich Loginov: The Milestones of the Ethnographer’s Life
Authors:   Institute of Linguistics, Literature and History of the Karelian Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vinokurova Irina Yu.
Published: October 2021

This article is dedicated to the memory of Konstantin Kuzmich Loginov (1952–2020), a first-rate professional ethnographer, who worked at the Institute of Linguistics, Literature and History of the Karelian Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The article presents a biographical study of the most important stages of the researcher’s life and an analysis of his scholarly activities. Loginov is known as the foremost scholar of the ethnic history and the traditional culture of the Russian population of Karelia and of the features of its ethno-local groups. He is the author of about 185 research articles in which he applied descriptive and comparative-historical methods to the rich field material that he himself collected. Loginov’s most significant works are the five books (including one co-authored) devoted to the study of the Russian population of the north shore of Lake Onega (Zaonezhye) and territories around Lake Vodlozero (Vodlozerye). He is also the author of chapters in seven major collective scholarly works, including books about the Karelian settlements of Suisar, Yukkoguba, and Syamozero. The last work of this kind was the book The Peoples of Karelia. Historical and Ethnographic Essays. Loginov also devoted much time and effort to such scholarly activities as expeditions, presentations at conferences, popularization of ethnographic knowledge, and teaching.
Effect of Enalapril on Hypertrophic Scars and Keloids
Authors:   The Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute, Krishna Rajendra Road, Fort, Kalasipalyam, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560002, India, Vijayakumar Abhishek
Published: October 2021

Scarring is a major concern to patient and surgeon following any kind of trauma. Excessive scarring can dramatically affect a patient’s quality of life, both physically and psychologically. Incidence rates of hypertrophic scarring vary from 40% to 70% following surgery to up to 91% following burn injury, depending on the depth of the wound. Most current treatment give unsatisfactory results. Recent studies have explored the role of tissue Angiotensin receptors in tissue healing. With potential benefit of Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors in preventing cardiac and pulmonary fibrosis, its role in cutaneous scarring needs to be explored. There is need for randomized control trials to study the role of Enalapril in cutaneous scarring. Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor antagonist could be potential candidates for management of hypertrophic scars. Key words: Hypertrophic scars, Keloids, Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, Enalapril.
Is there Enough Justification for Questioning Body Mass Index (BMI) as Exclusion Criteria of Reduction Mammoplasty in the Surgical Treatment of Symptomatic Macromastia?
Authors:   Oncoplastic Breast Unit, Department of Surgery, Valdecilla Hospital, University of Cantabria, Avda. Cardenal Herrera Oria, s/n. 30011 Santander, Spain, Hernanz F.
Published: October 2021

Background: Despite the fact that reduction mammaplasty is an effective and efficient treatment to symptomatic macromastia, frequently, women demanding this treatment are accepted or not depending on body mass index criteria. The aim of this work was to compare changes of quality of life on obese and no-obese women who undergoing breast reduction mammaplasty. Methods: A prospective study was performed on 56 consecutive women undergoing bilateral reduction mammaplasty for symptomatic macromastia, 21 of them had a BMI lower than 30 (No-obese group) and 35 with 30 or higher BMI (Obese group). Short Form SF-36 quality of life questionnaires were answered at interviews a week before the surgery and six months after. To evaluate the change of quality of life we used “effect size”. Results: Preoperative SF36 scores did not make differences between both groups. Six months after surgery only postoperative physical score of no-obese patients was significantly higher than obese one (52.11 vs 48.47, p>0.05). Both groups increased clearly their quality of life showing an increment of all SF36 domains with an effect size ranged from 0.53 to 2.07. More than seventy percent of obese women improved their scores exceeding means of preoperative scores. Conclusion: According to our results and the fact that the main goal of the breast reduction is ameliorate the quality of life there is no justification for exclusion obese patients with BMI >30 who suffer from symptomatic macromastia from reduction mammaplasty. Therapy: Level III of Evidence. Keywords: Reduction mammaplasty, Symptomatic macromastia, Obese, SF-36 health questionnaire, Effect size.
Autologous Grafts for the Correction of Breast Contour Deformities after Breast Reconstruction
Authors:   Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Genoa University, L.go Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132, Genoa, Italy, Massa M.
Published: October 2021

Background: Breast oncologic treatments often lead to disfiguring breast contour deformities and tissues damage. The necessity to obtain an oncological radicality should be associated to an acceptable cosmetic outcome. Fat grafting is an effective technique, however in selected cases is not indicated, therefore other techniques should be investigated. Methods: Five patients that underwent reconstruction after mastectomy have been evaluated. Breast deformities were filled with autologous grafts derived from peri-prosthetic capsule, dermoadipose tissue or both. They underwent ultrasonographic exam before and after surgery (medium 9 months) to evaluate the stability and vitality of the grafts, furthermore the thickness and vascularization of breast regions to be corrected. The aesthetic outcome was evaluated by patients and a panel of surgeons. Results: Subcutaneous tissue thickness increase resulted at Ultrasonography in all cases except one, while vascular spots were maintained in one case. Regarding the cosmetic results all cases were judged as good-excellent by the surgeon. Patients were all satisfied with the improvements obtained. Conclusions: The technique allows to obtain a great aesthetic improvement and a good satisfaction degree of patients, without the addition of recovery days or treatment sessions. It could be considered a valid alternative when other techniques are not applicable. Keywords: Breast reconstruction, Autologous graft, Ultrasonography, Peri-prosthetic capsule.
Tourniquet in Plastic Surgery
Authors:   The Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute, Krishna Rajendra Road, Fort, Kalasipalyam, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560002, India, Vijayakumar Abhishek
Published: October 2021

Tourniquet is invaluable instrument to plastic, hand and orthopedic surgeon. It helps create a bloodless field for easy operation and reduces operative time. The advantages of tourniquet is no without its share of complication including nerve and skin injuries and devastating vascular lesions leading to amputation or death. A thorough understanding of the local and systemic effect of tourniquet is essential to minimize the complication. Various physical and pharmacological modifications reduce the reperfusion injury and also help increase tourniquet time. This review discusses the principle, physiology and complications of tourniquet. Keywords: Tourniquet, Limb occlusion pressure, Reperfusion injury, Nerve palsies, Limb protector sleeves.
Customized Osteomesh Cranioplasty
Authors:   The Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute, Krishna Rajendra Road, Fort, Kalasipalyam, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560002, India, Vijayakumar A.
Published: October 2021

Cranioplasty, one of the oldest surgical procedures used to repair cranial defects, has undergone many revolutionary changes over time to find the ideal material to improve patient outcome. The surgical challenge in repairing large calvarial defects is known to craniofacial surgeons. Ongoing researches on various cranioplasty materials continue with the help of recent technology. Stem cell experiments and development of morphogenic proteins are expected to take the lead in future. With the aid of Computer Aided Designing technology, all currently used alloplastic materials can be custom made for even large skull defect. We present a case of young female patient following trauma underwent craniotomy and complicated with bone graft loss. Patient initially underwent cranioplasty using a PMMA implant, inspite of its excellent tensile strength was not proven to be effective it sustained fracture and got exposed. A customized osteomesh of polycaprolactone (PCL) with a titanium scaffold with bone morphogenic protein (BMP) was impregnated with stem cells was used in cranioplasty. This aided in osseoinduction, which was later proved by imaging. Empirically, there has been no ideal material for cranioplasty; however, materials that are strong, resistant to infection, radiolucent, inexpensive, and able to reincorporate with a patient's craniotomy defect will offer the greatest advantages for such patients and hence PCL with such qualities proves to be a good alternative. Keywords: Cranioplasty, Composite graft, Osteomesh, Stem cells.
Management of Acute Hand Burns
Authors:   The Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute, Krishna Rajendra Road, Fort, Kalasipalyam, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560002, India, Vijayakumar A.
Published: October 2021

Hands are the most commonly involved body part in burns. In greater than 90% cases, the burns are severe and carry with them a significant risk of morbidity even though the mortality associated is relatively less. Hand burns present challenges to the treating surgeon on many fronts. One is the assessment of severity and depth of the injury itself, where, clinical examination remains the gold standard. The other is the choice and performance of the most appropriate surgical procedure to provide optimal outcomes in terms of function and aesthetics. The one challenge with most impact is probably that of post-operative care and rehabilitation to preserve function at a level where the patient can carry on with activities of daily living at the least. The need for reconstructive surgery also arises at a later date to address issues like post-burn contractures and unstable scars. In this review, we present the approach to management of hand burns in the acute setting with consideration to both conservative and surgical modalities. Keywords: Hand burns, Laser Doppler imaging, Fasciotomy, Splinting, Allografts.
Scalp Contour Restoration with Tissue Expanders and Local Flaps
Authors:   Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Department, SS. Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo Hospital, Via Venezia 16, Alessandria, Italy, Massa Michela
Published: October 2021

Great defects of cranial contour due to neurosurgical intervention after traumatic event need to be reconstructed with the objective to cover the underlying delicate structure moreover to regain the natural head appearance. The cases presented were successfully repaired with the aid of tissue expanders placed in a subgaleal plane and subsequently the preparation of large rotation local flaps after cranioplasty. The procedure seems to be a safe and reliable technique, that allows to obtain a satisfactory functional and cosmetic result with low risk of major complications. Keywords: Tissue expander, cranioplasty, local flaps, cranial defects.
How Crisis Journalists Can Magnify the Voices of Poor, Marginalized Communities of Color
Authors:   Western Michigan University, USA, D. Chaney Cassandra
Published: October 2021

In light of the historical animus that exists between poor, marginalized communities of color and members of law enforcement, this manuscript will focus on the role of crisis journalists in helping bridge this divide. Research abounds regarding the many physical, psychological, financial, legal, and social inequities between poor, marginalized communities of color, and as such, members of this group have come to accept that: (1) no one wants to hear about their experiences; (2) no one cares about their experiences; or (3) no change will come from voicing their experiences. Given these realities, I will provide specific ways that crisis journalists can encourage members of this group to share their experiences, why it would be advantageous for crisis journalists to offer their findings to law enforcement and members of the judiciary to provide a deeper (gives a contextual understanding of the lives of poor, marginalized communities of color). Furthermore, I discuss how crisis journalists can work with other professionals (researchers, practitioners) to create a Community of Care. Keywords: Community of Care, Crisis Journalists, Law Enforcement, Poor Communities, Practitioners, Qualitative, Researchers, Social Inequity.
Insights on the Influence of the Attributes of the Arab Culture on Crisis Communications
Authors:   Risk Management at the American University of Madaba, Jordan, Hanna S. Sawalha Ihab
Published: October 2021

An organization’s image and reputation are assets that are built up over time. Organizations seek to develop and maintain positive images in the minds of publics. The image of an organization can be threatened by crises, and this impacts the trust it has with its employees and customers. Trust declines when employees feel they are not informed properly, especially in times of crises when it is imperative to respond to the threat and where promptness is necessary. Communications help build or restore some level of trust. The case is also applicable on a social level where governments and the public should communicate effectively especially during crises. Two main issues will be discussed in this paper: First, the influence of culture on the practice of Crisis Communications (CC); and second, the factors that underpin the role of culture in CC. These issues are significant since they represent the characteristics and influence of the Arab culture in particular. This article contributes to the understanding of the significance of culture in CC for organizations operating in the Arab World. Keywords: Culture, reputation, standardization, crisis communications, organizations, crisis messages, Arab World.
Applying Social Media in Crisis Communication: A Quantitative Review of Social Media-Related Crisis Communication Research from 2009 to 2017
Authors:   Department of Communication, Eastern Kentucky University, USA, Wang Yuan
Published: October 2021

Social media has drawn growing attention from crisis communication researchers. The purpose of this study was to provide an overview of the current paradigm of research on social media and crisis communication, to identify the research gaps, and to help scholars understand future research directions in this area. The current study examined the trends and patterns of social media-related crisis communication research published in 11 communication and public relations journals from 2009 to 2017. More specifically, it focused on the trends and characteristics of research topics, theories and theoretical models, crisis types, social media platforms, sample types, and research methods. This study found that public relations-focused journals published most of the social media-related crisis communication articles. Most studies adopted theories or theoretical models and examined the role of social media in crisis communication, which focused on product tampering and general crisis. Additionally, a considerable number of studies employed content analysis techniques that used social media content as the sample. This study discussed the trends of social media-related crisis communication research and the directions for future research. Keywords: Crisis communication, social media, research trend, public relations, communication.
Investigating History of Mathematics for Teaching Mathematics: The Case of Logarithm
Authors: ÖREN VURAL Duygu
Published: October 2021

The role of the history of mathematics in understanding the concepts in mathematics is among the topics that have been given importance in recent years, however incorporating history of mathematical concept in teaching is still limited. Logarithm is one of the most fundamental concepts in mathematics, it is frequently used in the fields of science and technology. However, studies show that students have difficulty in understanding the concept of logarithm, and they have difficulty in comprehending the meaning of logarithm even if they can perform operations on logarithmic expressions. As with other concepts in mathematics, it is known that the way in which the concept of logarithm is introduced and structured in teaching is closely related to how students understand it. How a mathematical concept is structured in the textbook significantly affects how teachers teach the concept in the classroom. Therefore, how mathematical concepts are structured in textbooks is one of the important parameters in mathematics teaching. In Turkey, the concept of logarithm is introduced to students in the 12th grade. When the 12th grade mathematics textbook is examined, it is seen that the concept of logarithm is defined as the inverse of the exponential function. It is also understood that the algebraic approach is heavily utilized in the teaching of logarithms. In this study on the history of the concept of logarithm, it is revealed that the historical development of the concept of logarithm is different from the way the concept is structured in textbooks. This study aims to propose an alternative way of defining and introducing the logarithm by making use of the historical development of logarithm. It is expected that the findings of the study will facilitate the understanding of the relationship between the numerical, algebraic, and geometric expressions of the logarithm, thus helping to comprehend the meaning of the logarithm.
PENGARUH PLIOMETRIC TERHADAP PENINGKATAN DAYA TAHAN VO2Max PADA ATLET KABADDI SUL SEL
Authors: Mahyuddin Reza , Sudirman Akbar , Asyhari Hasbi
Published: October 2021

This study used an experimental design for athletes from Kabaddi South Sulawesi with the aim of knowing how much influence the 'pliometric' exercise had on the increase in VO2Max in Kabaddi athletes in South Sulawesi province. Kabaddi is a new sport that has entered Indonesia and needs achievement development. Therefore, to improve the performance of Kabaddi athletes, programmed plyometric training is required. In taking the sample, it was done by using purposive sandom sampling technique. By using the SPSS 16 analysis technique with a significant level α = 0.05.
PERBANDINGAN PENGARUH PERMAINAN KASTI DENGAN PERMAINAN ROUNDERS TERHADAP KESEGARAN JASMANI MURID SD INP BORONG JAMBU II KOTA MAKASSAR
Authors: Utama Ilham Budi
Published: October 2021

Tujuan Penelitian (1) Untuk mengetahui pengaruh permainan kasti terhadap kesegaran jasmani murid SD INP Borong Jambu II Kota Makassar, (2) Untuk mengetahui pengaruh permainan rounders terhadap peningkatan hasil kesegaran jasmani murid SD INP Borong Jambu II Kota Makassar, (3) Untuk mengetahui perbandingan pengaruh permainan kasti dengan permainan rounders terhadap kesegaran jasmani murid SD INP Borong Jambu II Kota Makassar.Metode penelitian ini bersifat eksperimental yang akan mengungkap hasil perlakuan permainan bola kasti dan permainan rounders. Teknik yang digunakan dalam pengambilan sampel  adalah teknik multiple random sampling dan untuk menentukan kelompok digunakan teknik ordinary sampling. Adapun sampel yang digunakan berjumlah 60 orang yaitu 20 orang murid laki-laki kelas IV, 20 orang murid laki-laki kelas V dan 20 orang murid laki-laki kelas VI di Sekolah SD INP Borong Jambu II Kota MakassarHasil dari penelitian ini disimpulkan bahwa permainan kasti mempunyai pengaruh yang lebih signifikan dari pada permainan rounders terhadap peningkatan tingkat kesegaran jasmani pada murid SD INP Borong Jambu II Kota Makassar. Diperoleh nilai rata-rata posttest kelompok kasti 15,25, kelompok rounders 13,85, dan kelompok kontrol 12,80, disimpulkan bahwa nilai rata-rata untuk kelompok Kasti lebih besar dibandingkan nilai rata-rata kelompok Rounders dan kelompok kontrol. Hal ini  juga dapat dilihat dari perbedaan peningkatan nilai rata-rata antara ketiga kelompok, dimana pada kelompok Permainan Kasti dengan nilai tes awal 12.75 meningkat menjadi 15.25 terdapat peningkatan 2.50. Permainan Rounders dengan nilai tes awal 12.6 meningkat menjadi 13,85 terdapat peningkatan 1,25. Kelompok Kontrol dengan nilai tes awal 12,7 meningkat menjadi 12,8 hanya terdapat peningkatan 0,1
EFEKTIVITAS PENGGUNAAN LEARNING JOURNAL DALAM PEMBELAJARAN ONLINE
Authors: Umar Umar , Widodo Arif
Published: October 2021

Learning journal dipercaya efektif dalam meningkatkan hasil belajar mahasiswa. Dalam pembelajaran online apakah penggunaan learning journal juga efektif? Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektifitas penggunaan learning journal dalam pembelajaran online. Desain penelitian menggunakan nonequivalent control group design” tipe posttest only control group design (POCGD). Pengumpulan data menggunakan instrumen tes dan non tes. Instrumen non tes berupa angket yang digunakan untuk mengetahui persepsi mahasiswa terhadap penggunaan learning journal. Instrument tes digunakan untuk mengetahui tingkat pengetahuan mahasiswa terhadap materi perkuliahan. Subjek penelitiannya adalah mahasiswa PGSD Universitas Mataram. Jumlah mahasiswa pada kelas eksperimen dan kelas kontrol masing-masing sejumlah 38 mahasiswa. Data dianalisis menggunakan statistik. Masalah dalam penelitian ini bagaimana pengaruh penggunaan learning journal terhadap hasil belajar mashasiswa? Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan learning journal tidak dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar mahasiswa. Rata rata hasil belajar pada kelas kontrol lebih tinggi dari pada kelas eksperimen. Penyebab kegagalan dapat diketahui berdasarkan angket responden yang menunjukkan bahwa mahasiswa merasa terbebani dengan adanya learning journal
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN BEBERAPA JENIS ZPT ALAMI DAN PERBEDAAN UKURAN DIAMETER BATANG TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN SETEK JAMBU BIJI (Psidium guajava L.)
Authors: Anggia Febriani  , Rasdanelwati
Published: October 2021

Tanaman jambu biji (Psidium guajava L.) ditanam hampir diseluruh wilayah nusantara dan termasuk buah komersial karena sangat dikenal oleh masyarakat. Salah satu upaya untuk meningkatkan produksi jambu biji adalah melalui perbanyakan vegetatif setek. bahan setek memiliki keterkaitan dengan tersedianya cadangan makanan pada masing-masing bagian bahan setek. ukuran setek berpengaruh terhadap keberhasilan perbanyakan tanaman. keberhasilan setek jambu biji juga didukung pleh pemberian zat pengatur tumbuh (ZPT) guna mempercepat pertumbuhan setek dengan harapan agar diperoleh hasil yan cepat dan jumlah yang banyak. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah : 1). Mengetahui pengaruh pemberian beberapa jenis ZPT alami dan perbedaan ukuran diameter batang terhadap pertumbuhan setek jambu biji. 2). Mendapatkan ZPT alami dan ukuran diameter batang yang terbaik untuk pertumbuhan setek jambu biji. Percobaan ini dilakukan dikebun percobaan Aripan, Balai Penelitian Tanaman Buah Tropika, Solok, Sumatera Barat, dengan ketinggian tempat 435 m dpl. Kegiatan ini dilaksanakan selama 2 bulan yaitu mulai dari 4 Maret- 3 Mei 2021. Percobaan ini dilakukan dengan dua perlakuan yaitu bawang merah dan air kelapa serta ukuran diameter batang yang digunakan yaitu diameter batang kecil (0,3-0,5 cm) dan diameter batang besar (0,7-1,5 cm) yang terdiri dari 6 kombinasi perlakuan. Parameter pangamatan yaitu : persentase tumbuh (%), hari mucul tunas, jumlah tunas, panjang tunas, jumlah daun, persentase setek yang berakar, dan persentase setek yang berkalus.
Classification of Right/Left Hand Motor Imagery by Effective Connectivity Based on Transfer Entropy in Electroencephalogram Signal
Authors:   Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Rezaei Erfan , Shalbaf Ahmad ,   Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Published: October 2021

Introduction: The right and left-hand motor imagery (MI) analysis based on the electroencephalogram (EEG) signal can directly link the central nervous system to a computer or a device. This study aims to identify a set of robust and nonlinear effective brain connectivity features quantified by transfer entropy (TE) to characterize the relationship between brain regions from EEG signals and create a hierarchical feature selection and classification for discrimination of right and lefthand MI tasks. Methods: TE is calculated among EEG channels as the distinctive, effective connectivity features. TE is a model-free method that can measure nonlinear effective connectivity and analyze multivariate dependent directed information flow among neural EEG channels. Then four feature subset selection methods namely relief-F, Fisher, Laplacian, and local learningbased clustering (LLCFS) algorithms are used to choose the most significant effective connectivity features and reduce redundant information. Finally, support vector machine (SVM) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) methods are used for classification. Results: Results show that the best performance in 29 healthy subjects and 60 trials is achieved using the TE method via the Relief-F algorithm as feature selection and support vector machine (SVM) classification with 91.02% accuracy. Conclusion: The TE index and a hierarchical feature selection and classification can be useful for the discrimination of right- and left-hand MI tasks from multichannel EEG signals.
Expressional Study of Permeability Glycoprotein and Multidrug Resistance Protein 1 in Drug-resistant Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
Authors:   Department of Anatomy, Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India., Kaur Mandeep , Gupta Tulika ,   Department of Anatomy, Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India., Gupta Mili ,   Department of Biochemistry, Singh Judge Institute of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India., Singla Navneet ,   Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India., Kharbanda Parampreet S ,   Department of Neurology, Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India., Singh Bansal Yogender ,   Department of Forensic Medicine, Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India, Sahni Daisy ,   Department of Anatomy, Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India., Das Radotra Bishan ,   Department of Histopathology, Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India., Kumar Gupta Sunil ,   Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
Published: October 2021

Introduction: About 30% of patients with epilepsy do not respond to anti-epileptic drugs, leading to refractory seizures. The pathogenesis of drug-resistance in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) is not completely understood. Increased activity of drug-efflux transporters might be involved, resulting in subclinical concentrations of the drug at the target site. The major drug-efflux transporters are permeability glycoprotein (P-gp) and multidrug-resistance associated protein-1 (MRP-1). The major drawback so far is the expressional analysis of transporters in equal numbers of drug-resistant epileptic tissue and age-matched non-epileptic tissue. Methods: We have studied P-gp and MRP-1 drug-efflux transporters in the sclerotic hippocampal tissues resected from the epilepsy surgery patients (n=15) and compared their expression profile with the tissues resected from non-epileptic autopsy cases (n=15). Results: Statistically significant over expression of both P-gp (P<0.0001) and MRP-1 (P=0.01) at gene and protein levels were found in the MTLE cases. The fold change of P-gp was more pronounced than MRP-1. Immunohistochemistry of the patient group showed increased immunoreactivity of P-gp at blood-brain barrier and increased reactivity of MRP-1 in the parenchyma. The results were confirmed by confocal immunofluorescence microscopy. Conclusion: Our results suggested that P-gp in association with MRP-1 might be responsible for the multi-drug resistance in epilepsy. P-gp and MRP-1 could be important determinants of bio availability and tissue distribution of anti-epileptic drugs in the brain which can pharmacologically inhibited to achieve optimal drug penetration to target site.
Shielding Effect of Ryanodine Receptor Modulator in Rat Model of Autism
Authors:   Department of Pharmacology, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Nodia, India., Kumar Hariom , Kulkarni G.T. ,   Department of Pharmacology, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Nodia, India., Diwan Vishal ,   UQ Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Australia., Sharma Bhupesh ,   Department of Pharmacology, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Nodia, India.
Published: October 2021

Introduction: A neurodevelopmental disorder, autism is typically identified with three primary behavioral consequences, such as social impairment, communication problems, and limited or stereotypical behavior. Because of its co-morbidity and lack of therapeutic options, autism is a global economic burden. A short chain of fatty acid, propionic acid is formed biologically by the gut microbiome. Propionic acid levels that are too high can cause leaky intestines, which can lead to autism-like symptoms. Methods: To induce autism, male Albino Wistar rats were given propionic acid (250 mg/kg/po on the 21st, 22nd, and 23rd postnatal days). Rats also received a ryanodine receptor antagonist (Ruthenium red: 3 mg/kg/po; postnatal 21st to 50th day) to see what influence it had on propionic acid-induced autism. Anxiety, social behavior, and repeated behaviors were all assessed, as well as oxidative stress, inflammatory indicators, neuro signaling proteins, and blood-brain barrier permeability. Results: Ruthenium red was found to counter the propionic acid-induced increases in anxiety, repetitive behavior prefrontal cortex levels of IL-6, TNF-α, TBARS, Evans blue leakage, and water content along with decreases in social behavior, IL-10, and GSH followed by hippocampus CREB and BDNF levels. Conclusion: Ryanodine receptor antagonists presented a neuroprotective effect in propionic acid-induced conditions like autism by modulatory effects on social and repetitive behavior, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and neuroprotein changes. Ryanodine receptors can be further explored in depth to manage autism as a condition.