bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Conventional and Molecular Identification of Culturable Airborne Bacteria
Authors: Naznin Rezuana , Sultana Nasrin , Hossain Md Nur , Islam Mohammad Nurul , Tabassum Anika , Gani Md Ataul , Jannat Mahbubah
Published: July 2020

Bacteria isolated from the environment during the present study were representative of normal microflora of the skin, respiratory and urinary tracts; it also includes some soil and water-borne pathogenic and nonpathogenic genera. Six samples from different locations were studied for bacterial investigation. Among 14 isolates obtained, 13 were Gram positive, and the rest one was Gram negative. Out of 13 Gram positive isolates, 12 were round-shaped non spore forming and were identified as Planococcus citreus, Stomatococcus mucilaginosus, Kocuria kristinae, Micrococcus agilis (2), Kytococcus sedentarius (2), Micrococcus luteus, Micrococcus lylae and M. roseus, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and rod-shaped non spore forming identified as Renibacterium salmoninarum. The Gram-negative bacteria was identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Other than provisional identification, two isolates (JG 40 and SG 49) were further confirmed through molecular characterization on the basis of 16Sr RNA gene sequence analysis as Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa repectively. Spearman’s correlation showed that air temperature and wind speed negatively correlated with the bacterial abundance. It is clear that none of the samples containing airborne pathogens collected was safe for human health due to presence of potentially pathogenic microorganisms. Many were human pathogenic as well as food poisoning microorganisms.

Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 30(1): 15-25, 2020 (June)
Barcoding of ToLCV Resistant Tomato Germplasm in Bangladesh
Authors: Jannat Mahbubah , Eva Umma Homaira , Sarker RH , Islam Mohammad Nurul
Published: July 2020

The current study was carried out to confirm the existence of the ToLCV resistant genes (Ty-1 to Ty-5) in the germplasm using molecular markers and to identify at the genomic level following phylogenetic relationships analysis among some local tomato germplasm using DNA barcoding. Most of the tomato germplasm (Ten out of 14) contain the dominant Ty-genes as revealed by PCR analysis. “Barcoding” of the non-coding plastid trnH-psbA intergenic spacer region, three plastidal regions: rbcL, rpoB, rpoC1, spacer region of nuclear genome ITS and a mitochondrial region matK were employed following PCR and sequence analysis of the germplasm. Among all the barcode genes, rpoB, rbcL, trnH-psbA and ITS were leading candidates for successful amplification and used for the identification of the germplasm as S. lycopersicum in multi-locus identification based on their sequences. Neighbor-Joining phylogenetic tree was constructed in which the germplasm were clustered into five main clades. The current study was successful to establish an efficient barcoding protocol for the correct identification of tomatoes and was capable of establishing elite gene source(s) for biotic stress resistance tomato varieties which would serve as potential donor plants in modern breeding programs.

Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 30(1): 107-117, 2020 (June)
Giant Breast Hypertrophy in Juvenile: A Rare Case
Authors: Junita Dila , Wikanta Edmond Rukmana
Published: July 2020

Introduction: Juvenile hypertrophy of the breast (JHB) is a benign condition that can lead to gigantomastia in adolescence. The development of breast enlargement in adolescence can cause both physical and psychosocial problems. Therefore, appropriate investigation and proper management at an early stage of the disease are very important. One of the treatment modalities is breast reduction surgery which ideal and offers an improvement in the quality of life. Case Presentation: A 13-year-old female with massive bilateral breast enlargement for a period of 8 months. The patient also complained of severe back pain and neck discomfort since her breast progressively enlarged. Psychosocial problems were recorded. Right breast reduction was performed and closed with inverted-T mammoplasty. The post-operative period was uneventful, and the patient was discharged on day 5 after the operation. Conclusions: Reduction mammoplasty is well accepted by adolescents with juvenile breast hypertrophy and can improve physical and psychological outcomes.
Vulneración del derecho al ejercicio de las funciones representativas: nulidad de las resoluciones parlamentarias en cuanto niegan por entero a un diputado no adscrito el derecho a formular propuestas de pronunciamiento en Pleno
Authors: Villarino Marzo Jorge
Published: July 2020

El Pleno del Tribunal Constitucional acuerda declarar que se ha vulnerado el derecho de un diputado no adscrito a las funciones representativas con los requisitos que señalan las leyes (art. 23.2 CE) por determinados acuerdos adoptados por la Mesa de la Asamblea de Extremadura, en la medida que privan en términos absolutos al demandante del derecho a formular propuestas de pronunciamiento en Pleno.
Acerca de la «palmaria y evidente» inconstitucionalidad de los escritos de índole parlamentaria
Authors: De Piniés Ruiz Francisco Javier
Published: July 2020

En este escrito comentamos las sentencias 115/2019, de 16 de octubre, y 128/2019, de 11 de noviembre, del Tribunal Constitucional. Con estas dos resoluciones se confirma la jurisprudencia que establece la facultad de las Mesas de las Cámaras para inadmitir escritos de índole parlamentaria que incurran en «palmaria y evidente» inconstitucionalidad y la obligación de inadmitir aquellas iniciativas cuya admisión suponga un incumplimiento manifiesto de lo acordado por el Tribunal Constitucional. El estudio comienza por los antecedentes de las sentencias y continúa con el comentario y la conclusión.
Carácter no vinculante de la solicitud de tramitar una iniciativa por el procedimiento de lectura única e inexistencia de un uso parlamentario acerca de la potestad del Pleno para decidir, sin intervención de la Mesa, sobre la tramitación que deba darse..
Authors: Castillo López Fernando
Published: July 2020

El Pleno del Tribunal Constitucional acuerda desestimar un recurso de amparo frente a los acuerdos de la Mesa del Congreso de los Diputados que rechazaron la tramitación por el procedimiento de lectura única de una proposición de ley. El Tribunal Constitucional, por un lado, establece que la Mesa no queda vinculada a la solicitud, y que puede no proponer al Pleno, dentro del margen de actuación que le da el art. 150 RCD, y, por otro lado, confirma que, no cabiendo aplicar la doctrina de los usos parlamentarios, la Mesa no pierde una competencia que le es propia por el mero hecho de no ejercitarla, y que el Pleno no tiene una potestad para decidir, sin mediar acuerdo de la Mesa.
Entrevista a los ponentes de la Constitución española, Excmos. Sres. D. Miguel Herrero y Rodríguez de Miñón y D. Miquel Roca i Junyent
Authors: . .
Published: July 2020

Entrevista a los ponentes de la Constitución española, Excmos. Sres. D. Miguel Herrero y Rodríguez de Miñón y D. Miquel Roca i Junyent
Biodegradação do inseticida carbofuran por Syncephalastrum racemosum
Authors: Lira Regiane Késsias de Sousa , Orlanda José Fábio França
Published: July 2020

O carbofuran (2,3-di-hidro-2,2-dimetil-benzofuranil-N-metilcarbamato) é um inseticida pertencente ao grupo dos carbamatos, amplamente utilizado no controle de pragas em culturas de grande valor comercial, bioacumulável e extremamente tóxico ao meio ambiente. Uma alternativa para a remediação de áreas contaminadas com agrotóxicos é a biorremediação, que consiste na utilização de microrganismos ou suas enzimas para remover compostos químicos persistentes. Com isso, o objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a biodegradação do carbofuran, empregando o fungo Syncephalastrum racemosum, por meio da avaliação da tolerância fúngica, atividade enzimática e quantificação dos resíduos por espectrofotometria UV-Visível. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que o S. racemosum apresentou melhor capacidade de biodegradação na concentração de 15 µg mL-1 de carbofuran (93,02%), com os valores de IVCM de 21,95 cm dia-1, lacase (0,712 U mL-1) e lignina peroxidase (0,005 U mL-1), durante 168 h de incubação. Assim, a taxa de degradação no intervalo de 25 a 100 µg mL-1 apresentou valores de 12,66 a 75,58%, respectivamente. Com base nestes resultados, o fungo apresenta grande potencial para ser utilizado na biorremediação, minimizando os impactos deste agrotóxico no meio ambiente.
Prevalência de delirium em terapia intensiva adulto
Authors: Barcellos Ruy de Almeida , Zanon Andreia , Castilhos Taciana de Cavalcanti , Candaten Angela Enderle , Báo Ana Cristina Pretto
Published: July 2020

Objetivo: mensurar a prevalência de delirium em pacientes internados na terapia intensiva. Método: Trata-se de um estudo transversal com abordagem quantitativa, realizado em um hospital de alta complexidade de Caxias do Sul. A população investigada constituiu-se de 1271 pacientes, internados na terapia intensiva no ano de 2017. Para a coleta de dados foi utilizada uma planilha em formato eletrônico elaborada pelos pesquisadores. Os dados foram analisados mediante estatística descritiva. Resultados: evidenciaram que 8% (101) dos pacientes investigados foram diagnosticados com delirium; desses 50% tinham mais de 70 anos, 74% usaram benzodiazepínicos, 65% eram hipertensos, 71% possuíam alguma comorbidade e 76% sobreviveram. Conclusão: o delirium é uma patologia de início súbito, mas pode ser prevenida a partir de estratégias no plano de cuidados, sendo que é o enfermeiro que realiza a identificação dos pacientes com risco para desenvolver delirium, aplicando escalas específicas.
PEMBAHARUAN HUKUM ISLAM DAN LAPANGAN IJTIHAD
Authors: Suratmaputra Ahmad Munif
Published: July 2020

Hukum Islam telah diprogram oleh Allah Swt untuk selalu  tampil di suatu masa, di mana kemajuan dalam kehidupan manusia sampai pada tataran puncak. Pada taraf itulah tentunya akan banyak masalah baru yang muncul yang akan dihadapi oleh umat manusia dan bisa terjadi di mana hukumnya tidak atau belum diketemukan baik di dalam al-Qur‟an mauun di dalam asSunnah (hadis Nabi), atau bahkan bisa saja terjadi dimana hukumnya belum pernah dibahas oleh para fuqaha‟ yang terdahulu. Di dalam kajian filsafat hukum Islam dimana ada prinsip bahwa didalam kehidupan umat Islam tidak diperbolehkannya terjadi suatu kekosongan hukum. Sangat tidak diperkenankan dalam kehidupan ini ada suatu masalah baru yang muncul, namun kemudian tidak diketahui hukumnya. Untuk itulah, Islam membuka pintu ijtihad seluas-luasnya.Kata Kunci : Pembaharuan, Hukum Islam dan Ijtihad
HUKUM EKONOMI SYARIAH DALAM PENTAS EKONOMI GLOBAL DAN PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI DUNIA
Authors: Ihwanudin Nandang
Published: July 2020

Artikel didasari atas berkembangnya ekonomi syariah (islamic economics) dalam dunia internasional, kondisi ini menandakan ada sesuatu yang istimewa dari konsep ekonomi syariah. Atau bahkan dapat menjadi solusi ketika sistem ekonomi kapitalis dan sosialis tidak dapat berbaut banyak terhadap perkembangan ekonomi dunia. Artikel ini menyimpulkan: pertama, sistem ekonomi yang dikenal dalam dunia ekonomi global adalah sistem ekonomi kapitalis, sistem ekonomi sosialis, dan sistem ekonomi syariah (Islam); kedua, kondisi pertumbuhan perekonomian dunia dari tahun 2015 ke tahun 2019 mengalami penurunan, namun berbeda dengan kawasan yang menerapkan instrumen perbankan syariah.; ketiga, bahwa perkembangan perekonomian terus mengalami peningkatan baik dar segi aset maupun dari segi lembaga/instirusi;Keempat, tantangan ekonomi syariah yang harus di hadapi oleh dunia Internasional : sistem kapitalis terlanjur mendominasi sistem perekonomian di dunia; kurangnya pemahaman masyarakat terhadap sistem keuangan dan perbankan syariah, dan masih langkanya Sumber Daya Manusia (SDM) yang benar-benar paham dengan sistem ekonomi syariah; dan kelima, peluang untuk mengatasi tantangan tersebut, sebagai berikut: respon masyarakat yang antusias dalam melakukan aktivitas ekonomi dengan menggunakan prinsip-prinsip Syariah; kecenderungan yang positif di sektor non-keuangan/ekonomi, seperti sistem pendidikan, hukum dan lain sebagainya yang menunjang pengembangan ekonomi Syariah baik nasional naupun global; pengembangan instrumen keuangan Syariah yang diharapkan akan semakin menarik investor/pelaku bisnis masuk dan membesarkan industri Perbankan Syariah Nasional; dan potensi investasi dari negara-negara Timur Tengah dalam industri perbankan syariah Kata Kunci : Ekonomi Syariah, Kapitalisme dan Sosialisme
KEMASLAHATAN SEBAGAI TUJUAN PENSYARI’ATAN HUKUM ISLAM : Telaah Terhadap Kehalalan Poligami, Keharaman Kawin Beda agama, Larangan Nikah Dibawah Tangan dan Kewajiban Beriddah bagi Perempuan
Authors: Suratmaputra Ahmad Munif
Published: July 2020

Kehadiran hukum Islam, selain dimaksudkan untuk mewujudkan kemaslahatan bagi manusia, juga dimaksudkan sebagai ibtila’ dan ikhtibar, yakni untuk menguji sampai dimana loyalitas seorang muslim terhadap hukum-hukum agama yang dipeluknya. Bagi muslim yang kholish, semua hukum Islam akan diterima dan dipatuhinya dengan segala senang hati. Sebab ia yakin betul, bahwa kesemuanya itu pasti mengandung hikmah dan kemaslahatan bagi dirinya. Ia akan berusaha secara sungguh-sungguh untuk dapat melaksanakan dengan sebaik-baiknya. Kepuasan batinnya akan terpenuhi apabila hal itu dapat dilakukan. Sebaliknya apabila ia tidak sanggup melakukannya atau terjadi pelanggaran, ia akan merasa gelisah, tidak tenang, merasa berdosa, yang sulit terobati, akhirnya ia akan bertobat dan kembali ke jalan yang benar, sehingga kedamaian dan ketenangan hidup ditemukan kembali, inilah pertanda muslim yang baik.Ada juga sementara kalangan yang selalu protes dan menilai tidak adil terhadap Allah Swt atau hukum Islam. Bahkan mereka dengan keberaniannya akalnya, berusaha mengubahnya dengan hukum buatann sendiri yang menurutnya lebih adil dan maslahah. Untuk itulah dalam artikel ini memberikan kajian terkait dua kategori antara yang pro dengan hukum Islam dan yang kontra terhadap hukum Islam, yang pada intinya untuk menampilkan dan memperjelas bahwa hukum Islam memiliki tujuan pensyari’atan yakni pada kemaslahatan ummat manusia. Kata Kunci : Kemaslahatan, Pensyari’atan dan Hukum Islam
SYARIATISASI PENDIDIKAN WUJUD GOOD GOVERNANCE KOTA BANDUNG DALAM SLOGAN AGAMIS-INKLUSIF : Analisis Kritis Kebijakan Birokrasi Publik
Authors: Suhartiningsih Suhartiningsih , Haryanto Toat , Sadari Sadari , Karimah Ummah
Published: July 2020

Pemerintahan Jawa Barat dalam cakupan wilayah Indonesia pada tahun 2010 penduduknya mencapai 2.359.431 Jiwa, dari jumlah penduduk Indonesia yang terdiri dari 244.215.984 Jiwa, dengan penduduk miskin mencapai 9,89 %. Slogan yang senantiasa dibangun yakni mewujudkan sosok insan Jawa Barat yang agamis dengan 7 (tujuh) penciri utama yakni : (1) Sehat, cerdas dan cermat, (2) Produktif dan berdaya saing tinggi, (3) Mandiri dan pandai mengatur diri, (4)  Berdaya tahan tinggi dalam persaingan, (5) Pandai membangun jejaring dan persahabatan global, (6) Berintegritas tinggi dan (7) Bermartabat.Beberapa kebijakan pemerintah Jawa Barat berupaya mengembangkan visi-misinya dengan melakukan peningkatan Perguruan Tinggi di Jawa Barat di antaranya melakukan peningkatan Perguruan Tinggi dari 15% (2012) menjadi 25% pada tahun 2018, Pe-negeri-an beberapa Perguruan Tinggi Swasta berbasis 4 (empat) kewilayahan dan sebaran penduduk, adanya dukungan pengembangan fasilitas kampus dan perpustakaan, adanya dukungan peningkatan kualitas penelitian dosen, adanya dukungan peningkatan pendidikan dosen, Beasiswa untuk mahasiswa jenjang diploma, S1, S2, dan S3, Beasiswa atau biaya bantuan mahasiswa terhadap program-program yang relevan untuk masyarakat, program riset kreatif (creative research) sedangkan untuk solusi terobosan pembangunan : SDM, Agama, Kesehatan, Tenaga Kerja, Energi, Lingkungan, Infrastruktur, Wisata dan Budaya.Artikel ini memfokuskan diri pada bagaimana wilayah kota Bandung dalam mewujudkan cita-cita yang diimpikan oleh pemerintah Jawa Barat yakni mewujudkan masyarakat yang agamis dengan tujuh syarat tersebut. Terkait dengan kehidupan keberagamaan, kebijakan-kebijakan syariat, di mana hukum Islam pascareformasi tidak bisa dilepaskan dari fenomena kebijakan-kebijakan bernuansa syariat diberbagai tempat di tanah air, termasuk di wilayah kota Bandung.Kata Kunci : Good Governance, Syariatisasi Pendidikan, Bandung
FORMAT AKAD KONTRAKTUAL LEMBAGA KEUANGAN SYARIAH
Authors: Hakim Abdurrahman
Published: July 2020

Hukum muamalat merupakan bagian dari bangunan hukum Islam telah mengatur secara rinci berbagai aspek kehidupan manusia, baik mengenai hubungan manusia dengan Allah Swt yang disebut dengan ibadah mahdhah maupun ibadah ghair mahdhah yang hubungan manusia dengan manusia serta dengan makhluk lainnya yang disebut dengan muamalah. Hukum muamalah dalam pengertian fikih adalah seperangkat aturan-aturan Allah Swt yang wajib ditaati, mengatur hubungan manusia dengan manusia dalam kaitannya untuk memperoleh dan mengembangkan harta benda.Kontrak atau perjanjian pada dasarnya dibuat berlandaskan pada asas kebebasan berkontrak di antara dua pihak yang memiliki kedudukan seimbang dan kedua pihak berusaha mencapai kata sepakat melalui proses negosiasi. Dalam perkembangannya, banyak perjanjian dalam transaksi bisnis bukan terjadi melalui negosiasi yang seimbang di antara para pihak. Salah satu pihak telah menyiapkan syarat-syarat baku pada formulir perjanjian yang sudah ada kemudian disodorkan kepada pihak lain untuk disetujui dengan hampir tidak memberikan kebebasan sama sekali kepada pihak lainnya untuk melakukan negosiasi atas syarat-syarat yang disodorkan.Format perjanjian dalam Islam dapat berlaku positif pada Lembaga Keungan Syariah (LKS) Bank maupun Non-Bank pada dasarnya tidak bertentangan prinsip-prinsip dalam ekonomi Islam, dan dalam aplikasi akad-akad kontraktual dalam perjanjian syariah yang absah dan dibenarkan sesuai dengan peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku. Kata Kunci : Muamalat, Penjanjian, dan Keuangan Syariah
Tafsir Ayat-Ayat Pandemi: Studi Atas Fatwa Majelis Ulama Indonesia (MUI)
Authors: Mursyid Ali
Published: July 2020

Saat dunia dilanda wabah, termasuk merebak ke Indonesia, umat Islam yang mayoritas di negeri ini, tentu saja menerima dampak hebatnya. Umat Islam bukan hanya waspada menghadapi serangan virus, tetapi juga gagap terkait bagaimana beribadah di masa maraknya wabah Covid-19 ini. Maka kemudian MUI mengeluarkan beberapa fatwa untuk merespon kebutuhan umat Islam di negeri ini. Dalam artikel ini, dikaji fatwa-fatwa apa saja yang dikeluarkan MUI di saat merebaknya pandemi Covid-19 ini, isinya apa saja, untuk keperluan apa saja. Juga ayat-ayat alQur‟an yang mana saja yang menjadi dalilnya, serta terutama mengenai tafsir dan penjelasan ulama mufassir mengenai ayatayat tersebut. Hasil kajian ini menjelaskan bahwa berdasarkan penfasiran ayat-ayat al-Qur‟an yang dijadikan dalil dalam fatwafatwa MUI di masa pandemi Covid-19, memang penafsiran ayatayat tersebut menunjukkan apa yang dimaksud oleh fatwa, demi mencegah kemudharatan memberi kemudahan kepada umat Islam.
Asimilasi Spektrum Peradaban Islam Dan Keberislaman Di India
Authors: Sadari Sadari
Published: July 2020

Setiap Negara memiliki ke-khas-an, untuk itu senantiasa memiliki latar pembentukan tertentu, sejarah, dan bahkan kejadian spesifik yang menjadikannya berbeda dengan lainnya. Tidak lepas dari asumsi tersebut adalah keberagamaan suatu masyarakat di Negara tertentu, termasuk keislaman di India. Sejarah merekam bagaimana dinamika keislaman di India sangatlah dinamis dan kadang-kadang dramatis. Mulai dari penjelajahan biasa sembari dakwah, berdagang, sampai penaklukkan pernah mewarnai kehidupan Muslim India di masa silam. Lalu, yang namanya kenangan betapa pun memiliki pengaruh terhadap kebiasaan Muslim hari ini di wilayah yang sekarang dikenal sebagai Negara India. Artikel ini mencoba untuk menelusuri bagaimana pranata Islam di Negara tersebut, evolusi peradabannya, hingga puncak asimilasinya pada abad ke21. Artikel ini menemukan bahwa titik terbaru dari adanya proses interaksi yang panjang antara Islam dan tradisi-tradisi lainnya di India bisa dilihat dari tiga bidang yakni: ilmu pengetahuan, seni bangunan, dan bahasa.
Future challenges for grassland farming
Authors: Parker W.
Published: July 2020

New Zealand's grassland industries are entering a new phase of rapid technological and structural change. A complex mix of factors fuels this including institutional reform, Government science policy, growth in telecommunications, trade reform, and changes in consumer expectations and society's values towards the environment and new technology. Developing a common inspirational purpose, picking and investing in a 'best bet' future scenario, managing constraints to productivity gains, and increasing technology transfer and farmer learning are some of the challenges that those in the grassland sector must met. Keywords: future scenarios, grassland research, land inventory, production, productivity
Land use, farm businesses and environmental policy in the Lake Taupo catchment
Authors: Thorrold B. , Finlayson J. , Lambert G. , Ledgard S. , Smyth D. , Tarbotton I. , Smeaton D. , Webby R.
Published: July 2020

Lake Taupo is a high quality lake in the centre of the North Island, New Zealand. Local government aims to control nitrogen (N) inputs into the lake to preserve lake water quality. In this paper we discuss the implications of this policy for land use and farm management in the Lake Taupo catchment. To do this we used a case study approach, based on a typical farm, to examine the effects of stocking density and management system on farm cash surplus, farm capital value and nitrate leaching. The study showed that intensification of land use is a profitable option for farmers and any restrictions on land use in the Lake Taupo catchment will have large effects on the profitability and value of existing farm businesses. Farm systems can be adapted to reduce N leaching, however the options that we studied all resulted in a decrease in farm cash surplus. Further evaluation and experimentation on new systems is required. Rules that control farm activities in an attempt to control N leaching may not result in the gains desired owing to legitimate adjustments that farmers may make to re-optimise their farm business. Keywords: economic evaluation, farm systems, modelling, nitrate leaching, water quality
White clover performance in sown pastures: A biological/ecological perspective
Authors: Brock J.L. , Hay M.J.M.
Published: July 2020

Recent advances in farming systems, have prompted a re-appraisal of the performance of white clover in New Zealand pastoral agriculture, in response to the question, is white clover delivering? Using recently developed insights into the processes by which our main pasture species, ryegrass and white clover, grow, this paper will briefly examine the establishment of white clover in mixed pastures and the ecological and biological premises of the two main functions of white clover in pastoral ecosystems, which are to 1), support the N economy of pastures via N fixation and 2), provide high quality livestock feed. The impacts of management decisions and environmental conditions are re-interpreted, in order to evaluate realistically (biologically) what our expectations should be. White clover is still able to deliver on function 1, but may not meet expectations in all cases on function 2. Keywords: ecology, environmental impacts, grazing management, herbage quality, light, mixed pastures, N economy, N fixation, plants, populations, ryegrass, white clover
Milksolids production from different combinations of perennial ryegrass and white clover cultivars: I Trial design and pasture performance
Authors: Eerens J.P.J. , Crush J.R. , Woodward S.L. , Macdonald K.A. , Carter W.A.
Published: July 2020

A whole-farm systems comparison of combinations of perennial ryegrass and white clover cultivars rotationally grazed by dairy cows over two complete seasons evaluated improvements in perennial ryegrass and white clover cultivars resulting from plant breeding efforts. There were four treatments comprised of two ryegrass mixtures and two clover mixtures in a 2 x 2 factorial design, each replicated three times in a randomised block design giving 12, self-contained 4-ha farmlets each stocked at three multiparous Friesian cows/ ha. All pastures were sown in April 1998, using seed obtained through commercial sources, with a high endophyte (>70% endophyte infection) specification for the ryegrass cultivars. A grow out test, carried out after sowing, showed that two of the ryegrass cultivars used in the mix of older cultivars (80R) had less than 70% endophyte infection (Ellett 50%, Nui 62%, Yatsyn 94%) resulting in an average endophyte infection of 69% for that mix. The mix of newer ryegrass (98R) cultivars had an average endophyte infection of 92% (Aries HD 91%, Bronsyn 98%, Samson 87%). While seedling densities (ryegrass and clover) were similar for all mixtures at the start, from late summer of the first year onward, tiller densities were around 30% lower (due to predation of endophyte-free plants and tillers by the Argentine stem weevil) in the 80R treatment. The lower tiller density opened up the sward at an opportune time for clover expansion, which the newer clover cultivars (98C) Sustain and Challenge converted into a higher clover production than from the older clover cultivars (60C) Huia and Pitau. The 80R treatment had a greater spring surplus requiring more conservation than the 98R treatment, which had a more even growth distribution over the year. Differences in endophyte infection levels had a major impact on pasture composition, especially clover content; reducing the endophyte level of seed sown from 90% to 70% may create an opportunity to increase the clover content and quality of young pastures in the Waikato. Keywords: cultivars, dairying, endophyte, perennial ryegrass, tiller density, white clover
The forage value of poplars and willows
Authors: Kemp P.D. , Mackay A.D. , Matheson L.A. , Timmins M.E.
Published: July 2020

Poplars and willows planted on farms for soil conservation and shelter are also potential sources of supplementary forage. The objective of this paper is to provide information that assists in the estimation of the value of poplar and willow forage. The quantity of forage in trees and branches was measured and non-destructive methods for estimating forage yield were evaluated. The edible forage dry matter (DM) of 5-10-year-old trees ranged from 2-22 kg DM/tree. The edible forage yield of poplar and willow branches with a basal diameter (BD) up to 100 mm was shown to be estimated from kg DM = 0.04 BD - 0.6. The nutritive values of poplars and willows were found to be similar, but the concentration of condensed tannins was usually higher in willows. Tree bark was found to have sufficient nutritive value to be stripped from trees for its feed value by livestock. Cattle were observed to be able to browse willows to a height of 2m and to eat stems with a diameter from 2.7 to 7 mm. Keywords: browse estimation, condensed tannins, nutritive value, poplar, supplements, willow
Pasture plant breeding in New Zealand: where to from here?
Authors: Easton H.S. , Amyes J.M. , Cameron N.E. , Green R.B. , Kerr G.A. , Norriss M.G. , Stewart A.V.
Published: July 2020

Ecologically sustainable pastures remain the base of New Zealand's competitive advantage in livestock production, but while modest but steady productivity gains from pasture plant breeding have been documented, these appear to be difficult to convert to livestock production, and pasture production is perceived as up against a ceiling. This paper discusses the contribution of pasture plant breeding, focusing on the ryegrasses, and to a lesser extent on white clover. Heritable variation is evident in the basic components of herbage growth and herbage quality. However, changes to individual traits are not reflected in improved integrated field performance. More precise information is required on how factors interact. New breeding technologies will allow integrated improvement of interacting factors. Evaluation trials and modelling should be managed to provide feed-back identifying the specific requirements of future high-performing systems. Keywords: New Zealand, plant breeding, ryegrass, white clover
Methanogenesis from forages fed to sheep
Authors: Waghorn G.C. , Tavendale M.H. , Woodfield D.R.
Published: July 2020

Methane production has been measured from lambs fed contrasting forages. This work has been driven by the need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture and to determine energy losses to methane from contrasting diets. Young ram lambs were fed either fresh ryegrass/white clover pasture, lucerne (also pelleted lucerne), sulla, chicory, red clover, Lotus pedunculatus (lotus) and mixtures of sulla and lucerne, sulla and chicory and chicory with red clover. The effects of condensed tannin (CT) in lotus on methane production were also measured. The trials were carried out indoors with sheep held in metabolism crates to enable an accurate measurement of intake and digestibility as well as methane production. Principal findings were a two-fold range in emissions from 11.5g CH4/kg dry matter intake (DMI) with lotus to 25.7g CH4/kg DMI with pasture and a 16% reduction in methane production due to the CT in lotus. This range in emissions from good quality forages represents a loss of about 7-11% of metabolisable energy and presents a clear direction for future research to better utilise the feeding value of pastures and reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from agriculture. High quality perennial forages should be used where practical, and researchers need to identify plant parameters responsible for the variation in methane emissions. Research must focus on rapid passage of digesta through the rumen of grazing animals and will involve manipulation of the fibre content of grasses. Introduction of CT into diets is a likely target to reduce methane production. Improving the rapidly digestible constituents of forages is another opportunity, but difficult to target. Keywords: condensed tannins, forage quality, forages, greenhouse gases, methane emissions, sheep
Potential and pitfalls of caucasian clover in southern New Zealand
Authors: Stevens D.R. , Mccorkindale B.
Published: July 2020

The potential of caucasian clover (Trifolium ambiguum M. Bieb.) to produce high quality forage and to establish in on-farm conditions was tested in southern New Zealand. Caucasian clover was established alone and after one year the plots were oversown with ryegrass, in November. After a further 6-month establishment period, dry matter (DM) yield and botanical composition were measured over the following two years. A 2 x 2 factorial design tested the effects of early or late flowering ryegrass and frequent (2 weeks in spring, 4 weeks in summer and autumn and twice during winter) or infrequent (4 weeks in spring, 6 weeks in summer and autumn, and once in winter) defoliation. Plots defoliated frequently produced less dry matter than infrequently defoliated plots (13260 and 16180 kg DM/ha respectively in year 1 and 9980 and 12250 kg DM/ha respectively in year 2, P
Pasture and stock management of Californian thistle
Authors: Mitchell R.B. , Keoghan J.M. , Rahman A.
Published: July 2020

A combination of mowing and grazing by sheep has been shown to successfully control Californian thistle (Cirsium arvense) in small plot and paddock scale trials. Between 1994 and 2000 the technique was applied to 15 paddocks on nine farms in Otago, Southland and Mid- Canterbury. Thistle-infested pastures were mown as low as possible, usually in December after weaning. Thistles at this time were up to 1m tall at the mid to late bud stage. Mobs of at least 350 ewes/ha were introduced at mowing or a day or two before, with all mown herbage eaten within 3 days. Pastures were re-grazed with this or similar sized mobs at approximately threeweek intervals to remove re-growth thistles which had emerged since the previous grazing and before their spines hardened. Each grazing forced the plant's root system to produce a new crop of aerial shoots and this ultimately used up the root reserves causing the thistles to die. The farmers involved were responsible for implementing recommendations on mob size, time and length of grazing. Three or four repeat grazings markedly reduced thistle numbers the following summer, resulting in almost complete elimination by autumn in year two after the programme was repeated. With fewer grazings in year one, control took longer. The grazing regime had no apparent effect on ewe health and resulted in improved pasture quality. Keywords: Californian thistles, mob size, repeat grazing, thistle numbers
Resource use efficiency and environmental emissions from an average Waikato dairy farm, and impacts of intensification using nitrogen fertiliser or maize silage
Authors: Gavin S.F.Ledgard J.D.Finlayson J. , Blackwell M.B. , Carran R.A. , Wedderburn M.E. , Jollands N.A.
Published: July 2020

A life cycle assessment (LCA) approach was used to estimate whole-system (dairy farm + grazing and forage land) resource use and environmental emissions for an averag e Waikato dairy farm enterprise. Effects of increased production from 850 to 1020 kg milksolids/ha using more nitrogen (N) fertiliser (+200 kg N/ha/yr) or forage (+2 t DM/ha/yr maize and oats silage) were also assessed. Fertiliser N increased production and economic efficiency, but decreased environmental efficiency through a predicted increase in N leaching and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. In contrast, using forage increased the use of land but increased milksolids/ha and with no loss in environmental ef ficiency (per kg milksolids). A preliminary compar ison of the average Waikato farm system and an example Swedish dairy farm system showed small dif ferences in environmental efficiency (GHG or N leaching/m3 milk) but much higher (5-fold) energy efficiency on the Waikato farm. This is important to maintain, particularly as farms intensify, if "food-miles" (energy use in transpor ting produce to markets) become a component of our "ecolabel" for supplying produce to overseas markets. Keywords: dairy farm, ef ficiency, environment, intensification, maize, nitrogen, resource use
The impact of intensive dairy farming on the leaching losses of nitrogen and phosphorus from a mole and pipe drained soil
Authors: Houlbrooke D.J. , Horne D.J. , Hedley M.J. , Hanly J.A. , Snow V.O.
Published: July 2020

While it is widely believed that intensive dairy farming is a major contributor to the increased nutrient loads in surface waters, there is little current research quantifying the magnitude of nutrient loss from dairy farms to waterways, particularly from artificial drainage. An experimental site has been established on a Pallic soil (Tokomaru silt loam) to measure the impacts of intensive dairying on the quality and quantity of drainage water exiting from an artificial drainage system. A key component of this study is the development and evaluation of a land-based treatment system for farm dairy effluent (deferred irrigation). The research site has eight replicated plots, each with an isolated mole and pipe drain network. All the plots are subjected to the farm's standard grazing management. Four of the plots receive fer tiliser according to the farm's fertiliser programme, while the other four plots receive applications of farm dairy effluent. Measurements of drainage flows during year one of this study showed that the average concentrations of total nitrogen (12.9 mg N/L) and total phosphorus (0.15 mg P/L) in drainage water for the winter of 2002 under standard dairy farming practices were all well above the levels necessary to prevent aquatic weed growth in fresh water bodies. Adherence to the scheduling criteria prescribed by the 'deferred irrigation' system prevented the direct loss of nutrients during irrigation of farm dairy effluent in the summer of 2001/2002. Summer applications of farm dairy effluent did not increase N loss in subsequent winter drainage. Effluent irrigation increased P loss during the subsequent winter drainage period by 0.52 kg total-P/ha (0.38 kg P/ha as DIP). However, this increase in total loss corresponds to less than 4% of the P (16 kg/ha) applied as effluent. Deferred irrigation proved to be a very successful tool for minimising nutrient losses from effluent irrigated areas in direct drainage of effluent at the time of irrigation and subsequent winter drainage. Dairy cattle grazing events also increased nutrient concentrations in drainage waters following grazing by approximately 5 mg total-N/L (nearly all in the nitrate form) and 0.1 mg total-P/L (nearly all in the DIP form). The effect of an application of urea in spring on nitrate-N concentrations in drainage water was minimal. Keywords: dairying, effluent irrigation, mole and pipe drainage, nitrogen, nutrient leaching phosphorus, water quality
Implementing molecular marker technology in forage improvement
Authors: Faville M. , Barrett B. , Griffiths A. , Schreiber M. , Mercer C. , Baird I. , Ellison N. , Bryan G. , Woodfield D. , Forster J. , Ong B. , Sawbridge T. , Spangenberg G. , Easton H.S.
Published: July 2020

Accelerated improvement of two cornerstones of New Zealand's pastoral industries, per ennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) and white clover (Trifolium repens L.), may be realised through the application of markerassisted selection (MAS) strategies to enhance traditional plant breeding programmes. Genome maps constructed using molecular markers represent the enabling technology for such strategies and we have assembled maps for each species using EST-SSR markers - simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers developed from expressed sequence tags (ESTs) representing genes. A comprehensive map of the white clover genome has been completed, with 464 EST-SSR and genomic SSR marker loci spanning 1125 cM in total, distributed across 16 linkage groups. These have been further classified into eight pairs of linkage groups, representing contributions from the diploid progenitors of this tetraploid species. In perennial ryegrass a genome map based exclusively on EST-SSR loci was constructed, with 130 loci currently mapped to seven linkage groups and covering a distance of 391 cM. This map continues to be expanded with the addition of ESTSSR loci, and markers are being concurrently transferred to other populations segregating for economically significant traits. We have initiated gene discovery through quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis in both species, and the efficacy of the white clover map for this purpose was demonstrated with the initial identification of multiple QTL controlling seed yield and seedling vigour. One QTL on linkage group D2 accounts for 25.9% of the genetic variation for seed yield, and a putative QTL accounting for 12.7% of the genetic variation for seedling vigour was detected on linkage group E1. The application of MAS to forage breeding based on recurrent selection is discussed. Keywords: genome map, marker-assisted selection, perennial ryegrass, QTL, quantitative trait locus, SSR, simple sequence repeat, white clover
Future proofing your beef business
Authors: Mcivor S.D.
Published: July 2020

For the New Zealand (NZ) beef farmer, deciding on a business direction, developing and successfully implementing a strategy is critical for future success. Gathering information on future trends and issues is an important part of the process to ensure appropriate capabilities and contingencies are developed. The aim of this paper is to examine some of the future trends and issues for the NZ beef industry through to 2010, this is done through the use SWOT and PEST analysis. Secondly the paper suggests potential competencies farmers will need to develop to successfully survive in 2010. Keywords: beef industry, beef farmer s, business competencies, future trends, PEST analysis, SWOT analysis
Transformations in Early Muslim Prophetology: From Typology to Teleology in Narratives of Jonah and the Ninevites
Authors: Zafer Hamza Mahmood
Published: July 2020

Qur'anic and post-Qur'anic accounts about Jonah and the Ninevites encode traces of ideological transformations in the early Muslim community. This article explores how the story of a prophet's anguished mission to a foreign, enemy people appears in early Muslim materials in varied iterations. Whereas the Qur'anic telling of the Jonah narrative has an inclusivist, universalist subtext, post-Qur'anic retellings have clear supersessionist overtones, a change which reflects attitudinal shifts in the way early Muslims imagined themselves as a prophetic community in relation to a prophetic past. This article describes the shift as a transition from a typological to a teleological mode of historical legitimation.
A Review of Codex Amrensis 1 by Eleanore Cellard
Authors: Tavakoli Morteza
Published: July 2020

This article reviews the first volume to be produced by the Coranica project, undertaken under the joint aegis of the Agence Nationale de la Recherce (ANR) and the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG). Codex Amrensis I, by Eleanore Cellard, is compiled on the basis of fragments of a Qur'an codex from Fusṭāṭ. This article analyses some of Cellard's findings, and comments on some of the spellings identified by the author, giving some suggestions for corrections.
PENYULUHAN, PENGETAHUAN DAN SIKAP PASANGAN USIA SUBUR TENTANG INPEKSI VISUAL ASAM ASETAT (IVA) DI KELURAHAN BIROBULI
Authors: Taqwin  , Sumiaty  , Kartini Lasman
Published: July 2020

Kanker leher rahim merupakan masalah kesehatan serius. Cakupan pemeriksaan Inpeksi Visual Asam Asetat (IVA) di Birobuli masih rendah dari target sasaran, dari 13.474 orang hanya 8,7% target yang tercapai. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui pengaruh penyuluhan IVA terhadap pengetahuan dan sikap pasangan usia subur di Kelurahan Birobuli. Metode penelitian pre experimental design dengan pendekatan pretest-posttest design. Populasi adalah seluruh pasangan usia subur yang bertempat tinggal di Kelurahan Birobuli sebanyak 432 orang. Teknik pengambilan sampel purposive sampling sebanyak 40 orang. Data dianalisis dengan univariat dan bivariat uji-t berpasangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sebelum diberikan penyuluhan pengetahuan baik sebanyak 32,5%, pengetahuan kurang sebanyak 67,5%. Setelah diberikan penyuluhan, pengetahuan baik meningkat menjadi 92,5% dan pengetahuan kurang menurun 7,5%. Hasil uji t berpasangan diperoleh nilai Mean Rank -2,675 dan nilai p=0,000. Sebelum diberikan penyuluhan sikap positif sebanyak 35% dan sikap negatif sebanyak 65%, setelah diberikan penyuluhan sikap positif meingkat menjadi 87,5% dan sikap negatif menurun menjadi 12,5%. Hasil uji t berpasangan diperoleh nilai Mean Rank -7,450 dan nilai p=0,000. Kesimpulan adalah ada pengaruh penyuluhan IVA terhadap pengetahuan dan sikap pasangan usia subur di Kelurahan Birobuli. Disarankan kepada Bidan di Puskesmas Birobuli untuk meningkatkan perannya sebagai edukator, sehingga pengetahuan dan sikap  pasangan usia subur tentang IVA mengalami peningkatan dan kasus kanker serviks dapat dicegah secara dini
RETENSI HASIL BELAJAR DENGAN METODE VERBAL DIBANDINGKAN METODE KOMBINASI VERBAL – VISUAL PADA MAHASISWA PROGRAM STUDI KEPERAWATAN POSO
Authors: FRANSISCA NOYA
Published: July 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan pembelajaran dengan metode verbal dan metode kombinasi verbal-visual terhadap retensi hasil belajar mahasiswa semester IV Program Studi Keperawatan Poso mengenai Pencegahan Infeksi. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental dengan pendekatan prospektif. Sample sebanyak 68 Mahasiswa yang dipilih dengan menggunakan sistem acak sederhana. Mahasiswa kemudian dibagi menjadi dua kelompok yaitu kelompok A dan kelompok B, masing-masing berjumlah 34 orang. Metode penyajian kombinasi verbal – visual dilakukan pada kelompok A dan metode penyajian verbal dilakukan pada kelompk B. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan Uji “t” pada taraf kepercayaan 95%. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pada metode verbal ada peningkatan nilai rata-rata sebesar 555,338 atau 118,57%. Pada metode kombinasi verbal-visual ada peningkatan nilai rata-rata sebesar 1986,68 atau 446,52%. Sehingga, dapat disimpulkan, terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna antara retensi hasil pembelajaran yang menggunakan verbal dibanding kombinasi verbal-visual
STATUS GIZI BADUTA PADA KELUARGA PENERIMA BERAS MISKIN (RASKIN) DI KELURAHAN TAIPA KECAMATAN PALU UTARA KOTA PALU
Authors: Amsal
Published: July 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran status gizi baduta pada keluarga penerima raskin di Kelurahan Taipa Kecamatan Palu Utara Kota Palu. Penelitian deskriptif. Dilakukan di kelurahan Taipa  Kecamatan Palu Utara pada tanggal 28-30 Juli 2018. Populasi adalah seluruh baduta pada keluarga yang menerima raskin di kelurahan Taipa Kecamatan Palu Utara kota palu yang berjumlah 38 orang. Sampel menggunakan total populasi sebanyak 38 anak baduta. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 34,2% Kepala keluarga berpendidikan tamat SLTP/MTS. Bekerja sebagai pekerja harian 23 orang (60,5%) dan sebagai buruh yaitu 14 orang (36,8%). Baduta pada keluarga penerima raskin yang mempunyai masalah gizi kurang berjumlah 10 baduta (26,3%) dan gizi buruk 2 orang (5,3%). Postur tubuh Sangat Pendek berjumlah 4 baduta (10,5%) dan pendek 6 orang (15,8%). Baduta yang sangat kurus sebanyak 2 baduta (5,3%) dan kurus berjumlah 6 baduta (15,8%). Kesimpulan dan saran; status gizi dari 38 orang anak Baduta keluarga penerima raskin yaitu gizi kurang 26,3%,  gizi buruk 5,3%. Sangat pendek 10,5%, pendek 15,8%. Sangat kurus 5,3% dan kurus 15,8%. Disarankan agar selain memperoleh beras miskin, keluarga baduta juga memperoleh Makanan tambahan khusus untuk baduta di setiap keluarga agar status gizi baduta menjadi lebih baik.
Insatisfacción de la Imagen Corporal y Estado Nutricional en Estudiantes Universitarios
Authors: Acuña Leiva Valeria , Niklitschek Tapia Consuelo , Quiñones Bergeret Álvaro , Ugarte Pérez Carla
Published: July 2020

Introducción: La imposición del modelo estético en las sociedades actuales, excesivamente delgado en las mujeres y musculoso para los hombres, lleva a que la representación corporal se vea muy influida por estos estándares externos, generando insatisfacción. Objetivo: Describir la relación entre la insatisfacción con la imagen corporal y el estado nutricional objetivo, el autopercibido y el grado de concordancia entre estos, en estudiantes universitarios. Materiales y Métodos: Estudio transaccional de tipo cuantitativo con alcance descriptivo-correlacional. La muestra fue de 120 estudiantes universitarios con edades comprendidas entre los 18 y 28 años. Se aplicaron los instrumentos Multidimensional Body Self Relations Questionnaire (MBSRQ), la sub-escala “Insatisfacción corporal” del Eating Disorders Inventory en su versión 2 (EDI-2), y un cuestionario sociodemográfico. Se utilizaron las pruebas estadísticas t de Student, ANOVA, Correlación producto momento de Pearson y Chi Cuadrado. Resultados: El 17,5% de la muestra sobreestimó su estado nutricional. De estos, un 90,5% fueron mujeres. El IMC se asoció directa y significativamente con la insatisfacción de la imagen corporal (r=0,45; p<0,001). La sobrestimación del estado nutricional se asocia significativamente a preocupación por el peso (p<0,05) e insatisfacción con la imagen corporal (p=0,001). Conclusión: La sobrestimación del estado nutricional es mayor en mujeres. Tal sobreestimación del estado nutricional se asocia a una mayor preocupación por el peso, mayor insatisfacción con la imagen corporal y una menor evaluación positiva de la apariencia.