Family/children cash benefits in Serbia: The analysis and policy recommendations
Authors: Matkovic Gordana , Mijatovic Bosko , Stanic Katarina 
Published: January 2015

Around 400 thousand children in Serbia are covered with cash-benefits
targeting poor children representing 31.7% of the total number of children in
2011. Additionally, around 60 thousand families receive birth grants that is
more than 90% of the newly born. When it comes to child-birth related leaves,
there were around 37 thousand beneficiaries in 2012. This means that around
50% of the newly born children?s parents are covered with maternity/parental
leave, while the coverage of employed mothers is almost full. Coverage of the
poor children, particularly by the financial social assistance (FSA), can be
considered inadequate. When it comes to targeting (vertical efficiency), FSA
is targeted quite well, while there is scope for improvement of the inclusion
error within the child-allowance program. When the adequacy of cash benefits
targeting poor children is analyzed from the perspective of meeting the basic
needs, then the amount is at the verge of being acceptable and differs for
different kinds of families - single parent and families with very young
children (0-2) being better off. However, when compared to the minimum wage,
the cumulative amount of FSA and child allowance is lower only for one- child
families. Total expenditures for cash-benefits connected to children amount
to 1.4%of GDP - 1.21% being related to ESSPROS family/children function and
0.18% for the FSA for families with children. When compared to the EU, the
total expenditure is below the EU average, with the birth related
expenditures being higher and child allowance lower than the EU average. The
first group of recommendations for cash benefits aimed at families with
children relate to the improvement of adequacy and coverage of benefits
aiming at poverty reduction, while respecting budget constraints. The
increase of benefits for children above 14 years old - increase of child
allowance or/and assigning higher weights (0.5 instead of 0.3) for the FSA?s
equivalence scale, seems the least controversial measure. When it comes to
child allowance benefits, comparative analysis shows that it is more
important to increase the coverage rather than to increase the amount.
Elimination of requirement for the parents to be covered with health
insurance, allowing child allowance right for 4 children (instead of the
first 4 children in the family) and relaxation of property criteria could act
toward this end. Both from the perspective of improving the coverage and
better targeting, the cadastral revenue as eligibility criteria for
agricultural households should be replaced with some more realistic criteria.
When it comes to child-birth related leaves, due to evidence of misuse of
maternity/parental leave benefit by formal employment registration just a few
months before child?s birth, one of the recommendations is to prolong the
benefit calculation period, while at the same time extending the coverage for
women with flexible jobs. Also, the introduction of flexible arrangements for
parental leave, such as a choosing different combinations of benefit level
and leave duration, part-time work and similar. Speaking of birth grants,
there are advantages of introducing one-off payment instead of payment in
installments, which actually implies returning to the model before changes
were introduced in 2005. In addition, indexation of property threshold should
be introduced. Finally, there is a need for benefits? consolidation and
simplification of administrative procedures.