bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Una propuesta metodológica para la medición de la sostenibilidad del turismo a escala local
Authors: Hernández Martín Raúl , Mendoza Jiménez Javier
Published: March 2019

A pesar de la importancia creciente de la sostenibilidad en el turismo, su medición no cuenta todavía con una metodología con amplio consenso internacional, particularmente en el ámbito local. Este trabajo desarrolla una metodología para construir un sistema de indicadores sobre la sostenibilidad turística que incluye no solamente los aspectos internacionalmente comparables de la sostenibilidad sino también los aspectos específicos del destino. Como aspecto más significativo, se incorpora la dimensión territorial como un elemento fundamental para el análisis de la sostenibilidad, y se especifican los métodos para recoger las valoraciones de los distintos agentes.
Un método híbrido multicriterio basado en la lógica borrosa para evaluar el desarrollo del turismo comunitario en Imbabura (Ecuador)
Authors: Martín Juan Carlos
Published: March 2019

En Ecuador, el turismo comunitario comienza en los años ochenta como un modelo alternativo de inclusión, identidad y protección cultural, y se reconoce formalmente en los años noventa para incorporarse de forma integral a la oferta turística. La provincia de Imbabura es reconocida por este tipo de desarrollo turístico. El objetivo del presente trabajo es evaluar la relación existente entre el nivel de acuerdo de los residentes y su participación activa en las actividades turísticas. Los resultados muestran que los «comuneros» menos reacios a desarrollar el producto turístico son aquellos que ya trabajan en el sector.
Taxing tourism: the effects of an accommodation tax on turism demand in the Balearic Island (Spain)
Authors: Rosselló Jaume , Sansó Andreu
Published: March 2019

Los impuestos turísticos se han convertido en una alternativa sencilla por parte de la administración pública a la hora de obtener ingresos extra para la financiación de inversiones, infraestructuras y servicios sociales. Sin embargo, dado que el turismo representa una fuente primaria de riqueza y de empleo para muchos destinos, resulta importante no instaurar impuestos excesivos en el sector. Con motivo del reciente establecimiento de un impuesto turístico en las Islas Baleares (España), una de los destinos líderes del Mediterráneo, el objetivo de este trabajo es evaluar el efecto precio que sobre las llegadas de turistas tendrá esta implantación. Para ello, se efectúa una revisión de las metodologías para analizar el efecto precio sobre la demanda turística y las aplicaciones empíricas que se han tomado como casos de estudio las Islas Baleares y España. Los resultados muestran que el impuesto turístico actualmente implantado se espera que suponga una reducción de entre el 0,4 por 100 y el 0,8 por 100 de la demanda total, medida en términos de estancias.
Políticas activas de empleo en la UE: buenas prácticas para tiempos de crisis
Authors: Moreno Gallego Luis Santiago , González-Blanch Rodríguez María Jesús , Escot Mangas Lorenzo
Published: March 2019

Este artículo analiza las medidas de políticas activas de empleo utilizadas por los países de la UE para intentar combatir el desempleo que, de manera generalizada, ha aumentado como consecuencia de la crisis económica. Las políticas activas responden a múltiples propósitos que están interrelacionados y que persiguen un triple objetivo: preservar la motivación de los desempleados en la búsqueda activa de empleo, reforzar su empleabilidad a través de la formación y crear empleos sostenibles. Una de las principales conclusiones de este trabajo es que no existe una política de empleo como tal sino más bien un conjunto de recomendaciones y programas que intentan orientar y coordinar las 28 políticas de empleo de los respectivos países miembros. Para ayudar a esta coordinación, se ha llevado a cabo una recopilación, clasificación y estructuración de las medidas llevadas a cabo por cada uno de los países miembros destacando aquellas políticas que pueden considerarse como buenas prácticas que puedan servir de ejemplo para ser aplicadas en el resto de países europeos
Analysis of Capital Adequacy Ratio, Operational Costs of Operational Income, Net Interest Margin, and Non Performing Loan Towards Loan to Deposit Ratio in Go Public Conventional Banks, 2012 – 2017 Periods
Authors: Soelton Mochamad , Wahyono Tri , Trydianto MN Ogie , Faqihdien Suzabar Dian , Akbar Taufik , Mardaconsita Mardaconsita
Published: March 2019

This research aims to identify and analyze the effect of Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), Operation Expense (BOPO), Net Interest Margin (NIM), and Non Performing Loan (NPL) of the Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR) of conventional bank on the Indonesia Stock Exchange period 2012 – 2017, either simultaneously or partially. Independent variables used in this study is CAR, BOPO, NIM and NPL, while LDR as the dependent variable.The population in this research is conventional bank listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The sampling technique in this research is purposive sampling. The number of samples in accordance with the prescribed criteria are as many as 35 samples. Based on the result of the research found that the variable CAR influences negatively insignificantly toward LDR, BOPO and NIM influences positively insignificantly toward LDR, while the variable NPL influences positively significantly toward CAR. But simultaneously CAR, BOPO, NIM, and NPL jointly affect the LDR.
The Effect of Flipped Classroom Model on Students’ Achievement in the New 2016 Scholastic Assessment Test Mathematics Skills
Authors: Jarrah Adeeb M. , Baki Mohammed Diab Khaled Mohammed Abdel
Published: March 2019

The flipped classroom model has become more popular and one of the focus of many researchers and teachers in the recent years. The aim of current study is to explore the effect of flipped classroom model on students’ achievements in the new SAT 2016 mathematics skills (Heart of Algebra, Problem solving and data analysis, and Passport to Advanced Math) for the eleventh grade Emirati female students in Al Ain, United Arab Emirates. Specifically, this study aims at determining whether there was a statistically significant difference in student achievements in the new SAT mathematics skills between two groups of grade 11 students. Thus, pretest/posttest quasi-experimental design was applied. The experimental group was taught by flipped classroom model, and the control group was taught by traditional instruction methods. The results revealed that there is a statistically significant difference between the pretest and posttest of the experimental group over the control group the new SAT mathematics skills. Furthermore, the findings suggest that teachers who teach mathematics standardized test skills like SAT can use flipped classroom model to enhance students’ readiness and to improve their thinking skills to simulate the 21st-century skills.
Cannabinoids Enriched Extracts from Industrial Hemp Residues
Authors: Vági Erika , Balázs Margit , Komóczi Attila , Kiss István , Mihalovits Máté , Székely Edit
Published: March 2019

Obtaining phytocannabinoids, associated with various medicinal and therapeutic properties with no reported side effects, is one of the hot topics. The phychotropic Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is less than 0.2 % in industrial cultivars therefore can be grown legally in many EU countries. Harvesting and processing of hemp for fiber or seeds generates large amount of wastes containing substantial amounts of bioactives such as cannabidiol (CBD) which are the primary cannabinoids along with cannabidiolic acid (CBDA), cannabinol (CBN), cannabigerol (CBG), and cannabichromene (CBC). The aim of this work was to optimize the extraction of cannabinoids from industrial hemp threshing residue using supercritical carbon dioxide extraction in pilot scales. The effects of extraction pressure and temperature on the extraction yield were evaluated. Three ground and pelleted samples of the same type but with different harvesting time were also compared. After derivatization of the samples the cannabinoids and the minor THCs were quantified by GC-MS. The extraction yields were between 0.2 – 6.59 g/100 g dry mass depending on the source of hemp residue and on the process parameters of the extraction process. By increasing the pressure of extraction (in the range of 25-45 MPa at 45 °C) the extraction yields increased, meanwhile the yields of cannabinoids showed no significant increase. The volatile compounds were successfully separated from the cannabinoids with fractionated separation. From hemp threshing residues essential oil free extracts with high content of cannabinoids were obtained at 35 MPa extraction pressure and 45 °C temperature setting the first separator at 8 MPa and 40 °C.
Instytucja rządu republiki Czarnogóry w systemie organów władzy
Authors: Wojnicki Jacek
Published: March 2019

The Constitution of Montenegro describes the state as a "civic, democratic, ecological state of social justice, based on the reign of Law." Montenegro is an independent and sovereign republic that proclaimed its new constitution on 22th October 2007. The President of Montenegro (Montenegrin: Predsjednik Crne Gore) is the head of state, elected for a period of five years through direct elections. The President represents the republic abroad, promulgates law by ordinance, calls elections for the Parliament, proposes candidates for Prime Minister, president and justices of the Constitutional Court to the Parliament. The President also proposes the calling of a referendum to Parliament, grants amnesty for criminal offences prescribed by the national law, confers decoration and awards and performs other constitutional duties and is a member of the Supreme Defence Council. The official residence of the President is in Cetinje. The Government of Montenegro (Montenegrin: Vlada Crne Gore) is the executive branch of government authority of Montenegro. The government is headed by the Prime Minister, and consists both of the deputy prime ministers as well as ministers. The Parliament of Montenegro (Montenegrin: Skupština Crne Gore) is a unicameral legislative body. It passes laws, ratifies treaties, appoints the Prime Minister, ministers, and justices of all courts, adopts the budget and performs other duties as established by the Constitution. Parliament can pass a vote of no-confidence on the Government by a simple majority. One representative is elected per 6,000 voters. The present parliament contains 81 seats, with a 47-seat majority currently held by the Coalition for a European Montenegro as a result of the 2009 parliamentary election
Rola lidera lokalnego w rozwoju gminy
Authors: Legutko-Kobus Paulina
Published: March 2019

The paper focused on the role of the leader (individual and collective) in the processes of local development, especially in the programming of local development and community perceived as a learning organization. The analysis concerned the small rural municipalities. The studies allow to make the following conclusions: • Economic success and associated with it the diversification of the rural areas depends on many factors, especially from local activity related to the programming and acquiring of external funds. • A few models of public participation are possible in the programming and the developmental processes. It seems that the stronger social relations and local trust are in the communities, the greater chance is for active using of social development factors, • Currently the most often existing local leader is a group, which guarantees continuity of the development on the local scale regardless of the circumstances, • Local collective leader is also a guarantee for the existence of networks, communication channels between diXerent social groups, that is building the civil society and strengthening of social capital, • women play an increasingly important role among the local leaders.
Próby modernizacji pozycji i funkcjonowania parlamentów w warunkach kryzysowych
Authors: Osiński Joachim
Published: March 2019

The 2007+ financial crisis, which also had an impact on real economy, paradoxically resulted in an increase of states’ activity in economy and in the growth of expectations of citizens towards states. The crisis makes them see the state as the only institution able to guarantee financial and social safety as well as orderly development of global economy in future. The article tries to answer the following question: is the state able to secure that feeling of safety and society’s ability to develop, and will the incoming crises influence the modification of horizontal and vertical extent of functions of the modern state? The question whether modern states modernize or not, disregarding economic, social, cultural and military crises, is also a subject of preliminary analysis. The 2007+ economic crisis caused an increase in state activities in fields both related to economic problems and providing social and financial safety for citizens. The modernization of state institutions (the state considered as ontological being, i.e. is not identified with any present day state) is not related to crises. The internal institutions of state, as parliaments and executive are also modernized to a certain extent. The analyses of Scandinavian, US and Canadian parliaments included in the article prove that the parliaments use the legislative possibilities and increase the scope of control activities performed during crisis. Occasionally this leads to constitution infringement (US Congress). On other occasions special parliamentary commissions and direct democracy institutions are used (Iceland). During a crisis a phenomenon of „financial world imperialism” emerges. It is something more than financialization of real economy (industrial, services and agriculture). It is a trend leading to the  subordination of all the other spheres of activity of states and societies, including politics, law and culture. It is observed in contemporary highly developed societies as well as in some countries of „peripheral capitalism”. This trend is visible when democracy is used, including parliamentary procedures and decision-making processes in executive, to advance special interests of the financial world, its continuity and its profits.
Projekty modernizacyjne zmian pozycji państw narodowych w Unii Europejskiej
Authors: Pisarska Katarzyna
Published: March 2019

The article undertakes the difficult task of  assessing the impact of the European intention on the shift of position of national states in the world system. The author argues that the main political and economic motivation to be a part of this process is the strengthening of member states, not weakening them. She also demonstrates that the EU multi-level decision-making process guarantees a critical role for member states, at the same time allowing for activities that would not be possible if these states chose to act alone. Finally, the article stresses that the current direction in which the EU is heading does not indicate a possibility of a supranational federal European state emerging in the near future. The most probable outcome of the processes will be rather a hybrid model, with member states still at the heart of the decision-making process.
Studium przypadku jako metoda nauczania etyki biznesu
Authors: Szulczewski Grzegorz
Published: March 2019

The Harvard Business School introduced the practice of teaching business ethics through case study. This article presents the characteristics of teaching business ethics through case study. First we answered the question: how to build a case study? Then we showed how moral problems are solved through a case study. Next we showed the types of case study (teaching goal, kind of moral issues, the role of ethics and problems of this method of teaching). Then we answered the question how to use the methods of philosophy for the analysis of case study. We have considered the problem of the moral level of the students who solved the case study. Turning to practical matters provides instructions for building a case study. Finally, we showed that solving the case study not only provides a valuable method of teaching ethics in the business, but is valuable for professional ethics.
Alkoholizm, prostytucja, zakażenia HIV i AIDS, narkomania jako formy wykluczenia społecznego (w świetle badań)
Authors: Korporowicz Violetta
Published: March 2019

The growth of social exclusion may be affected many aspects of social life such as alcoholism, prostitution and drug addiction. Particularly worrying is the growth of alcoholism among young people in Poland. A 2009 study conducted in Poland by WHO states that 11–15-year-old students in Poland are attempting to drink alcohol. Prostitution is another social phenomenon affecting the development of social exclusion. The most common cause of prostitution in Poland is difficult financial situation and inability to obtain work. Another negative phenomenon, which may affect the growth of social exclusion is drug addiction. The reasons for importance of drug abuse among social problems are not only quantitative parameters, but also the dynamics of the phenomena and changes in the structure of the population affected by the problem. Synthetic studies of the spread of drug addiction emphasize that the increasing rate of the phenomenon goes beyond its reach and environmental groups traditionally associated with drug addiction. This is the reason why it is so hard to help the drug addicts.
Niestabilność zatrudnienia a zachowania matrymonialne na obszarach miejskich i wiejskich w Polsce w ostatniej dekadzie
Authors: Podogrodzka Małgorzata
Published: March 2019

The article is devoted to the analysis of marriage by regions according to the rate of marriage and the pattern of marriage. The goal is to find similar regions. One of many determinants of diversity between the regions in marriage patterns is the situation on labour market. Using a linear regression model we can observe together these regional processes and describe main characteristics of unemployment and employment which substantially contribute to regional diversification of marriage.
Możliwości kształtowania postaw zdrowotnych dzieci i młodzieży w Polsce
Authors: Czerw Aleksandra
Published: March 2019

Lifestyle, environment, genetics and usage of health care are the classical health determinants. Each of these factors influences personal health to certain degree. Lifestyle has the biggest impact (50–52%), followed by environment (18–20%), genes (15–20%) and finally usage of health care (10–15%). Acknowledgement of negative health behaviours as key reason for diseases of modern civilization formed the basis for many preventive actions. Implementation of preventive health programs is aimed at shaping healthy lifestyle and healthy behaviours in society. The objective of this article is to present links between social marketing and possibilities to influence healthy behaviours of kids and youth. Necessity for holistic approach to health and examples of healthy behaviours of kids and young people in Poland are discussed.
Integracja rynków finansowych w Unii Europejskiej
Authors: Kierska-Woźny Eliza Maria
Published: March 2019

The integration of financial markets is one of the stages of economic integration. The trends for the integration of financial markets is observed both on a global scale, as well as its various regions. The integration of financial markets may occurs as a result of actions by the authorities, but also by the international free market processes – globalization. Speaking about the integration of EU financial markets, we mean creating opportunities for free movement of capital and financial services in the EU and the single currency. As a result of increase in the financial integration process in Europe the value of the flow of capital between countries has significantly increased. With the progress of economic integration in the EU, the EU as a whole has become a stronger business partner and was able to invest more beyond its borders, as well as more investments flowed from the third countries. The integration of financial markets through greater development of the financial markets is leading to faster economic growth. It can bring many benefits, but also risks. Benefits should be seen in the possibility to boost the GDP growth, the risks in the existence of increasingly stronger links between national markets and intermediaries acting on that markets. A particularly important issue is the contagion effect. Additionally, in case of institutional mismatches on the side of economic policy, financial integration can also have negative effects on the economy, such as greater probability of financial crisis and economic recession, because the price for increased integration of financial markets is an increase in the risk of financial crises. Economic growth stimulated by the development of financial markets should be accompanied by proper regulation of markets to prevent future crisis. However, it must be also remembered that the growth of the institutions may limit the development of markets.
Dochody uzupełniające w budżetach gmin w świetle aktywnego poszukiwania renty
Authors: Dworakowska Małgorzata
Published: March 2019

Communes are units of territorial self-government responsible for carrying out the most public services, for which purpose they need to seek sufficient funds. The income of communal self-governments consists in: own income, general subsidies and targeted grants from the state treasury. Supplementary income of communal budgets includes funds other than own income. Communal budgets are tied to the central budget by transfer of funds through general subsidies and targeted grants. The substantial share of supplementary income within the total income structure makes communes dependent on the state. The need for self-governments to obtain other sources of income opens up a rent-seeking possibility for communes. These territorial units of self-government become interest groups striving to achieve the best possible conditions for their own functioning. The aim of this paper is to answer the question whether communal self-governments engage in rent-seeking as regards supplementary income. The paper describes the specificity of supplementary income in Polish communal budgets, their functioning including appropriate legal regulations, and their application in practice. General subsidies and targeted grants from the state treasury are also characterized. The paper also analyses the relative shares of the two types of supplementary income in the communal budget structure and presents the resulting conclusions. The structure of the paper and the analysis contained herein have mandated the conclusion that communal self-governments engage in rent-seeking as regards supplementary income.
The Guidelines for Supervisor on Pre-Review Academic Work for Employee’s Career Advancement
Authors: Pobchaiyaphum Hatairat , Permpech Rattana
Published: March 2019

Pre-review employee’s academic work should be performed before propose to the career-advancing promotion review committee. Pre-review is a key success for employee’s career promotion, and the first important person in this process is a supervisor. By exampling the applicant’s qualification, work load and quality of work along with the regulation and guideline, supervisor can prevent some mistakes of documents and required process.
Study of Factors Associated With Missed Appointments of Patients in Adult Allergy Clinic at Ramathibodi Hospital
Authors: Kafaksom Thanuchporn , Dechapaphapitak Nichapha , Tongdee Malinee , Oncham Supa , Udomsubpayakul Umaporn , Laisuan Wannada
Published: March 2019

Background: The incidence of missed appointment of the patients who were waiting more than 1 month was 22.0%. Therefore, this study was designed to identify factors associated with missed appointment which may lead to better system development.

Objective: To study factors that affect missed appointments.

Methods: This was a survey research using the questionnaire demonstrated factors associated with missed appointments. This study included 330 patients who had been serving from October 2016 to March 2017 in allergy clinic at Ramathibodi Hospital.

Results: Of the 330 patients, 71.5% were female, 57.0% graduated a bachelor degree, 76.7% lived in Bangkok and nearby provinces, and 37.9% used civil servant medical benefit. Among 75.5% of patients had general appointments, 24.5% had intervention appointment, 72.1% experienced missed appointments, and only 27.9% never been defaulted. Factors associated with never been defaulted appointments were degree graduation higher than bachelor degree, appointment for intervention, conveniency of commuted methods, and lesser waiting time at the hospital. While factors affecting missed appointments were error checking for dates, forgotten the dates, the good condition of the illness, remission of disease activities, still exist much of medicine, and boring with the service system of the hospital. Approximately 83.3% of patients did not use Rama Appointment, a mobile application for appointment management.

Conclusions: There are many factors associated with missed appointments which provide opportunity for quality improvement.
Health Promotion Education for Elderly Patients by Using Structured Self-Health Records to Enhance Knowledge and Attitudes Toward Fall Prevention
Authors: Khongrang Siriporn , Boongird Chitima , Phiphadthakusolkul Soontraporn , Putthipokin Krongtong
Published: March 2019

Background: Health promotion education in elderly is the most important key to successful implementation of fall prevention program in primary care practice. The Ministry of Public Health in Thailand has encouraged the hospital in community to use the self-health records which were found to enhance healthy behaviors.

Objective: To compare the knowledge and attitudes on fall prevention among elderly patients and their caregivers before and after the education program that employed using self-health records and receiving the counseling from nurses and pharmacists.

Methods: This embedded mixed methods study was designed by using the structured questionnaires including demographic data and measuring the knowledge and attitude on fall prevention for quantitative arm (143 elderly patients and 42 caregivers). The open-ended questions about the advantages and disadvantages of self-health records were used in qualitative part among 106 elderly patients and 29 caregivers after 6 months of using their records.

Results: Knowledge and attitude scores were statistically higher in all parts, including appropriate use of the medications, following vaccination schedule, and getting information about fall prevention from their primary care physicians. All participants in qualitative study required to have their self-health records to improve their understanding about their medications and health information.

Conclusions: Self-health records and receiving the counseling from nurses and pharmacists not only enhances the knowledge and attitude toward fall prevention program in older adults but also helps patients to communicate with the specialists about their health information.
Rehberlik ve Psikolojik Danışmanlık Öğrencilerinin Kuramlara Hakimiyetlerinin ve Karar Verme Stratejilerinin İncelenmesi
Authors: İskifoğlu Gökhan , Çelik İskifoğlu Tubanur
Published: March 2019

Bu araştırmada, mezuniyet aşamasına gelmiş Rehberlik ve Psikolojik Danışma programı öğrencilerinin, bireyle psikolojik danışma hakimiyetleri ve karar verme stratejileri farklı bağımsız değişkenler göz önünde bulundurularak incelenmiştir. İncelenen veriler 2017-2018 Bahar döneminde Kuzey Kıbrıs’ta özel bir üniversitede mezuniyet aşamasına gelmiş son sınıf Rehber ve Psikolojik Danışman adaylarından toplanmıştır. Araştırmanın örneklemi 52’si kadın, 52’si erkek olmak üzere 104 kişiden oluşmuştur. Veriler SPSS programı yardımıyla analiz edilmiş olup değişkenlerin türüne göre bağımsız gruplar t-testi, tek örneklemli t-testi ve tek yönlü varyans analizi sayısal çözümleme teknikleri kullanılmıştır. Analiz sonuçlarına göre katılımcıların bireyle psikolojik danışmanlık kuramlarına ilişkin performanslarının literatürün belirlediği standartlardan anlamlı düzeyde düşük olduğu saptanmıştır. Bu bulguya rağmen, katılımcıların en iyi performans gösterdikleri kuramın Psikanalitik Kuram olduğu görülürken, karar verme stratejileri açısından değerlendirildiğinde katılımcıların henüz belli bir karar stratejisine sahip olmadıkları bulunmuştur. Bu makale kapsamında, ölçülen bağımlı değişkenler açısından katılımcıların yeterlik düzeylerinin düşük olmasının sebepleri literatür desteğiyle tartışılmış ve öneriler sunulmuştur.
Eğitim Örgütlerinde İstismarcı Yönetim ve Örgütsel Öç Alma Davranışı Arasındaki İlişki
Authors: Taşkın Pelin
Published: March 2019

Eğitim örgütlerinde istismarcı yönetim ve öç alma davranışı arasındaki ilişkiyi belirlemeyi amaçlayan bu çalışmada ilişkisel tarama modeli kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada İstismarcı Yönetim Ölçeği ve Örgütsel Öç Alma Ölçeği uygulanmıştır. Veriler 2017-2018 eğitim öğretim yılında Ankara kamu okullarında görevli 361 öğretmenden toplanmıştır. Bulgulara göre, erkek öğretmenler istismarcı yönetime ve örgütsel öç alma ölçeğinin davranışsal tepkiler boyutundaki ifadelere daha fazla katılım göstermişlerdir. Ayrıca, 0-10 yıl arası kıdeme sahip ve 21 yıl ve üzeri kıdeme sahip öğretmenlerin, 11-20 yıl arası kıdeme sahip öğretmenlere göre İstismarcı Yönetim Ölçeğinin ifadelerine daha fazla katılım gösterdikleri belirlenmiştir. Lisansüstü mezunu öğretmenler, lisans mezunu öğretmenlere göre öç alma nedenlerine ve davranışsal tepkiler boyutlarına ilişkin görüşlerine daha fazla katılım göstermişlerdir. Liselerde çalışan öğretmenler, ilkokullarda ve ortaokullarda çalışan öğretmenlere göre istismarcı yönetime ilişkin ifadelere daha çok katılmışlardır. Son olarak katılımcıların istismarcı yönetime ilişkin görüşleri ile öç alma nedenlerine ve davranışsal tepkilere ilişkin görüşleri arasında düşük düzeyde pozitif ve anlamlı ilişki olduğu belirlenmiştir.
The role of molecular mimicry in the etiology of Guillain Barré Syndrome
Authors: Grozdanova Aleksandra , Apostolski Slobodan , Suturkova Ljubica
Published: March 2019

Molecular mimicry between host tissue structures and microbial components has been proposed as the pathogenic mechanism for triggering of autoimmune diseases by preceding infection. Recent studies stated that molecular mimicry as the causative mechanism remains unproven for most of the human diseases. Still, in the case of the peripheral neuropathy Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) this hypothesis is supported by abundant experimental evidence. GBS is the most frequent cause of acute neuromuscular paralysis and in some cases occurs after infection with Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni). Epidemiological studies, showed that more than one third of GBS patients had antecedent C. jejuni infection and that only specific C. jejuni serotypes are associated with development of GBS. The molecular mimicry between the human gangliosides and the core oligosaccharides of bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) presumably results in production of antiganglioside cross-reactive antibodies which are likely to be a contributory factor in the induction and pathogenesis of GBS. Antiganglioside antibodies were found in the sera from patients with GBS and by sensitization of rabbits with gangliosides and C. jejuni LPSs animal disease models of GBS were established. GBS as prototype of post-infection immune-mediated disease probably will provide the first verification that an autoimmune disease can be triggered by molecular mimicry.
Chemical composition of ultrasonic-assisted n-hexane extracts of Sideritis scardica Grieseb. and Sideritis raeseri Boiss. & Heldr. (Lamiaceae) from Macedonia and Albania
Authors: Qazimi Bujar , Karapandzova Marija , Stefkov Gjose , Kulevanova Svetlana
Published: March 2019

Chemical composition of n-hexane extracts obtained from dried over-ground parts of two species of Sideritis, S. scardica Grieseb. and S. raeseri Boiss. & Heldr. (Lamiaceae) was analyzed using GC/FID/MS. The collection of plants was made on different locations in the western part of Macedonia and the southern part of Albania, comprising twelve different samples of plant material. The ultrasonic-assisted extraction process was used for preparation of the n-hexane extracts yielded 0.73-3.33 % and 9.11-10.44 % of extracts for S. scardica and S. raeseri, respectively. Over one hundred constituents of the extracts were identified, belonging to several classes of components: diterpenes, hydrocarbons, dominantly present in each of the extracts, followed by fatty acids, aliphatic and aromatic alcohols, sterols, triterpene alcohols, and monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes, which were found in much smaller amounts or only in traces. The most abundant constituents of the extracts of both species of Sideritis were two diterpene components, both with M=286, which were not fully identified. Large percentages of nonacosane (1.71-12.22% and 7.46-19.68% for S. scardica and S. raeseri, respectively) and hentriacontane (4.48-20.79% and 8.09-30.31 % for S. scardica and S. raeseri, respectively) were also found in the extracts of both species.
Counterfeit medicines
Authors: Haxhiu Arlinda , Tonic – Ribarska Jasmina , Trajkovic – Jolevska Suzana
Published: March 2019

The occurrence of counterfeit medicines is a constantly growing problem which poses a serious threat to public health in the global. They distinguish from other products because they can harm patients and have fatal consequences. World Health Organization (WHO) assesses this as a serious problem and it take an active part in activities and steps in combating this phenomenon. WHO defines counterfeit medicines as: “deliberately and fraudulently mislabeled with respect to identity and/or source “. WHO estimated that counterfeit drugs account for more than 10% of the global medicines market. Recently those numbers have been updated, and now WHO states that is preferable not to refer to one number for the entire world, but rather to see the specific circumstances in the different parts of the world.Countefeit medicines have been perceived mainly as a problem for developing countries, but through the recent years counterfeit drugs have been found in the developed countries as well. According the data, the problem of counterfeit drugs is known to involve both developed and developing countries. But generally, problem of counterfeit medicines is much more serious in countries with lack legislation, regulatory gaps, weak enforcement and penal sanction. In this paper is presented an overview on the problem of counterfeit medicines, were identifying the factors that are contributing on this problem, were specify types of counterfeit medicine and given overview of activities undertaken to combat this worldwide problem.
Optimization and validation of bioanalytical SPE – HPLC method for the simultaneous determination of carbamazepine and its main metabolite, carbamazepine-10, 11-epoxide, in plasma
Authors: Tonic – Ribarska Jasmina , Sterjev Zoran , Cvetkovska Emilija , Kuzmanovski Igor , Kiteva Gordana , Suturkova Ljubica , Trajkovic - Jolevska Suzana
Published: March 2019

Carbamazepine is widely used as an antiepileptic drug in the treatment of partial and generalized tonic-clonic seizures. Carbamazepine 10,11-epoxide is the most important metabolite of carbamazepine, because it is a pharmacologically active compound with anticonvulsant properties. According to that, the routine analysis of carbamazepine 10,11-epoxide along with carbamazepine may provide optimal therapeutic monitoring of carbamazepine treatment. The aim of this study was to optimize and validate a simple and reliable solid - phase extraction method followed by RP-HPLC for the simultaneous determination of plasma levels of carbamazepine and carbamazepine-10,11-epoxide, in order to assure the implementation of the method for therapeutic monitoring. The extraction of the analytes from the plasma samples was performed by means of a solid-phase extraction procedure. The separation was carried out on a reversed-phase column using isocratic elution with acetonitrile and water (35:65, v/v) as a mobile phase. The temperature was 30°C and UV detection was set at 220 nm. The extraction yield values were more than 98% for all analytes, measured at four concentration levels of the linear concentration range. The method displayed excellent selectivity, sensitivity, linearity, precision and accuracy. Stability studies indicate that stock solutions and plasma samples were stabile under different storage conditions at least during the observed period. The method was successfully applied to determine the carbamazepine and carbamazepine-10,11-epoxide in plasma of epileptic patients treated with carbamazepine as monotherapy and in polytherapy. In conclusion, the proposed method is suitable for application in therapeutic drug monitoring of epileptic patients undergoing treatment with carbamazepine.
Essential oil composition of wild growing Sage from R. Macedonia
Authors: Stefkov Gjoshe , Cvetkovikj Ivana , Karapandzova Marija , Kulevanova Svetlana
Published: March 2019

The main objective of this study was to analyze and identify the essential oil composition of S. officinalis populations growing in Republic of Macedonia and to evaluate these data according to different standards’ requirements for, commercially most utilized, Dalmatian sage. The essential oil yield, obtained after hydrodestilation from leaves, of three different populations of Salvia officinalis L. from Republic of Macedonia was determined, varying from 1.40 to 3.46%. The GC/FID/MS analysis of the composition of the essential oils revealed 63, 57 and 51 components in Galicica Mtn., Jablanica Mtn. and Karaorman Mtn. sage populations, respectively. The main components of the oil, in all three samples, were the terpene hydrocarbons, encompassing the monoterpenes: camphor (13.15 - 25.91%), α-thujone (19.25 - 26.33%), β-thujone (2.03 - 5.28%), 1,8-cineole (6.51 – 13.60%), α-pinene (0.93 – 1.47%), borneol (1.07 – 4.67%), then sesquiterpenes: trans (E)-caryophyllene (1.72 – 5.33%), α-humulene (2.89 – 7.99%), viridiflorol (4.27 – 7.99%), and the diterpene manool
(2.13 - 3.79%). Thus, our results for the essential oil composition of sage complied with the reference values specified in the DAC 86 monograph for Salvia essential oil.
An Agile Optimal Orthogonal Additive Randomized Response Model
Authors: TARRAY Tanveer A. , SİNGH Housial P.
Published: March 2019

In this paper, a new additive randomized response model has been proposed. The properties of the proposed model have been studied. It has been shown theoretically that the suggested additive model is better than the one envisaged by [1] under very realistic conditions. Numerical illustrations are also given in support of the present study.
Two Positive Solutions for a Fourth-Order Three-Point BVP with Sign-Changing Green's Function
Authors: DJOURDEM Habib , BENAİCHA Slimane , BOUTERAA Noureddine
Published: March 2019

This paper concerns the fourth-order three-point boundary value problem (BVP) \[ u^{\left(4\right)}\left(t\right)=f\left(t,u\left(t\right)\right),\quad t\in\left[0,1\right], \] \[ u'\left(0\right)=u''\left(0\right)=u\left(1\right)=0,\;\alpha u''\left(1\right)-u'''\left(\eta\right)=0, \] where $f\in C\left(\left[0,1\right]\times\left[0,+\infty\right),\left[0,+\infty\right)\right)$, $\alpha\in\left[0,1\right)$ and $\eta\in\left[\frac{2\alpha+10}{15-2\alpha},1\right)$. Although the corresponding Green\textquoteright s function is sign-changing, we still obtain the existence of at least two positive and decreasing solutions under some suitable conditions on $f$ by applying the two-fixed-point theorem due to Avery and Henderson. An example is also given to illustrate the main results.
Solution of Singular Integral Equations of the First Kind with Cauchy Kernel
Authors: MONDAL Subhabrata , MANDAL B.n.
Published: March 2019

In this paper an analytic method is developed for solving Cauchy type singular integral equations of the first kind, over a finite interval. Chebyshev polynomials of the first kind, $T_n(x)$, second kind, $U_n(x)$, third kind, $V_n(x)$, and fourth kind, $W_n(x)$, corresponding to respective weight functions $W^{(1)}(x)=\frac{1}{\sqrt{1-x^2}},W^{(2)}(x)=\sqrt{1-x^2},W^{(3)}(x)=\sqrt{\frac{1+x}{1-x}},$ and $~ W^{(3)}(x)=\sqrt{\frac{1-x}{1+x}}, $ have been used to obtain the complete analytical solutions for four different cases.
PEMBERIAN HADIAH DAN HUKUMAN UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR PKn KELAS VI SDN 020 LANGSAT HULU KECAMATAN BENAI KABUPATEN KUANTAN SINGINGI
Authors: R Rostina
Published: March 2019

Research on giving rewards and punishment to improve learning outcomes Civics CLASS VI SDN 020 LANGSAT HULU SUBDISTRICT OF KUANTAN SINGINGI REGENCY is aimed to improve learning outcomes of Civics students grade VI SDN 020 Langsat Hulu with gift and punishment penpada the learning process. The study was conducted on 30 students consisting of 13 male students and 17 female students. Data obtained through teacher observation sheet, student activity (punishment and reward) with observer grade teacher of SDN 020 Langsat Hulu. The test results are given at the end of the lesson by using formative tests then the data is analyzed with descriptive statistics. The results showed that the results of learning Civics grade VI students have increased. This result can be seen based on the value of learning outcomes that initially average tilapia 62 after being given gift gift modaling and punishment to 71, as well as student activity that has increased from treatment I to treatment II. This shows that the method of learning with reward and punishment can improve the learning outcomes of Civics students of class VI SDN 020 in the academic year 2007/2008.
KETERAMPILAN SOSIAL SISWA KELAS V SDN 009 GUNUNG TOAR MELALUI PEMBELAJARAN SAINS FISIKA DENGAN PENERAPAN STRATEGI THINK TALK WRITE
Authors: Y Yanto
Published: March 2019

This study aims to describe the results of learning social skills sisawa in science learning physics with the implementation of learning strategies Think Talk Write (TTW) on students of grade V SDN 009 Gunung Toar. The subjects of this study were students of class V, which amounted to 26 students. The data collection instrument is a social skills observation sheet consisting of 5 indicators of attitude. From the analysis result, we get the description about the students social skill that is the indicator is in the task of taking turns in sharing task and listening actively categorized high, while the indicator encourage participate and ask is categorized being. Overall social skills categorized high that shows that the learning strategy of Think Talk Write effectively train the social skills of students SDN 009 Gunung Toar.
Analisis Kesiapan Pemerintah Daerah Dalam Menerapkan Standar Akuntansi Pemerintahan Berbasis Akrual Di Kabupaten Bima
Authors: Hartoyo Hartoyo
Published: March 2019

Standar Akuntansi Pemerintahan (SAP) berbasis akrual merupakan suatu standar pemerintahan yang mencatat dan mengakui transaksi pada saat terjadinya transaksi, tanpa memperhatikan kas dan setara kas diterima atau dibayarkan. Penerapan SAP berbasis akrual dapat meningkatkan transparansi dan akuntabilitas pengelolaan keuangan daerah, maka diperlukan kesiapan infrastruktur pendukung pada pemerintah. Pemerintah Indonesia, khususnya pemerintah Kabupaten Bima belum menerapkan akuntansi berbasis akrual secara penuh, namun sudah menerapkan akuntansi berbasis kas menuju akrual. Di tahun 2015, pemerintah Kabupaten Bima dituntut menerapkan secara penuh akuntansi berbasis akrual pada laporan keuangan di setiap Satuan Kerja Perangkat Daerah (SKPD) sesuai amanat PP No. 71 tahun 2010. Dengan adanya peraturan tersebut, maka tujuan penelitian ini dimaksukan untuk mengetahui; 1) bagaimana kesiapan Sumber Daya Manusia (SDM) pemerintah Kabupaten Bima dalam menerapkan SAP berbasis akrual, 2) bagaimana kesiapan Sistem Informasi Akuntansi (SIA) pemerintah Kabupaten Bima dalam menerapkan SAP berbasis akrual, dan bagaimana komitmen organisasi dalam menerapkan SAP berbasis akrual.

Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan menekankan pada pendekatan interpretif. Analisis data dilakukan melalui tiga tahapan, antara lain; 1) Pengumpulan Data, 2) Reduksi Data, 3) Penyajian Data, dan 4) Pengambilan Keputusan atau Verifikasi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa; 1) kesiapan dari SDM pemerintah Kabupaten Bima belum siap karena masih dalam tahap pembelajaran untuk memahami penerapan SAP berbasis akrual, 2) kesiapan dari SIA menunjukan bahwa sudah ada sistem khusus yang bernama Sistem Informasi Manajemen Daerah (SIMDA) yang digunakan dalam pelaporan keuangan pada pemerintah Kabupaten Bima, dan 3) komitmen organisasi sangat mendukung penerapan basis akrual
EKONOMI PANCASILA DAN IMPLIKASINYA DALAM PEMBELAJARAN EKONOMI
Authors: Salim Agus
Published: March 2019

Pancasila dalam konteks ekonomi merupakan ideologi bagi pelaku ekonomi di Indonesia. Ajaranutama ekonomi Pancasila bahwadalam berekonomi semata-mata tidak hanya bermotif memaksimalkan keuntungan (profit) dan kepuasaan (utility) ekonomi; sekalipun rugi secara ekonomi tidak perlu dianggap gagal kalau pada waktu yang bersamaan mendapat kerabat baru (petuah Jawa). Pancasila yang dirumuskan menjadi tiga komponen sistem ekonomi, yaitu: (1) Sila pertama dan dua merupakan dasar atau input: Etika Ketuhanan dan Kemanusiaan; (2) Sila ketiga dan keempat merupakan metode atau proses: Kekeluargaan dan Nasionalisme; dan (3) Sila kelima adalah tujuan atau output: Keadilan Sosial Ekonomi. Upaya untuk mengokohkan paham ekonomi Pancasila salah satunya dengan mengintegrasikan nilai-nilai Pancasila pada setiap kompetensi dan materi pembelajaran ekonomi yang selama ini luput dari pembelajaran di sekolah dan PerguruanTinggi.
HARGA SAHAM, NILAI TUKAR MATA UANG DAN TINGKAT SUKU BUNGA ACUAN DALAM MODEL AUTOREGRESSIVE DISTRIBUTED LAG (ARDL)
Authors: Zaretta Bara , Yovita Lenni
Published: March 2019

Beberapa penelitian terdahulu telah banyak yang membuktikan adanya pengaruh antara nilai tukar Rupiah terhadap Dolar Amerika dan BI Rateterhadap IHSG. Namun dengan menggunakan pendekatan model Autoregressive Distributed Lag(ARDL) dalam penelitian ini lebih dalam lagi melihat dinamika hubungan jangka panjang maupun jangka pendek untuk variabel nilai tukar Rupiah terhadap Dolar Amerika, BI Ratedan IHSG. Untuk dapat menangkap dinamika tersebut diperlukan seleksi model ARDL terbaik dengan beberapa prosedur pengujian. Periode penelitian dimulai dari Juli 2005 sampai dengan Desember 2017, dimana dalam rentang waktu tersebut banyak terjadi pergolakan global yang memberikan dampak yang cukup besar terhadap Indonesia, salah satunya adalah pelemahan nilai tukar Rupiah terhadap Dolar Amerika. Mekanisme suku bunga acuan beberapa kali juga dipilih oleh Pemerintah Indonesia untuk menghadapi pergerakan nilai tukar Rupiah terhadap Dolar Amerika. Namun sebagaimana nilai tukar dan tingkat suku bunga acuan akan memberikan pengaruh kepada perekonomian secara keseluruhan dan terlebih lagi terhadap pasar modal yang juga merupakan indikator ekonomi suatu negara. Dalam penelitian ini, melalui model ARDL nilai tukar Rupiah terhadap Dolar Amerika, BI Ratedan IHSG terbukti memiliki kointegrasi jangka panjang atau bergerak bersama – sama dalam jangka panjang. Namun tidak hanya jangka panjang, ketiga variabel tersebut juga mempunyai dinamika hubungan jangka pendek yang mempunyai kecepatan penyesuaian menuju keseimbangan yang cukup tinggi perbulannya.Kata kunci   :    Nilai tukar, BI Rate, IHSG, Autoregressive Distributed Lag Model.
RETURN DAN LIKUIDITAS SAHAM SEBELUM DAN SESUDAH PEMECAHAN SAHAM
Authors: Natalia Irene
Published: March 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji dampak pemecahan saham dalam hal return, return tak normal, dan likuiditas saham sebelum dan sesudah pemecahan saham. Periode penelitian yang digunakan adalah 2016-2018. Jumlah sampel sebanyak 37 perusahaan dari berbagai jenis industri yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Normalitas diuji dengan uji One Sample Kolmogorov Smirnov. Semua data telah terdistribusi normal. Pengujian hipotesis dilakukan dengan uji beda berpasangan. Hasil pengujian hipotesis menunjukkan (1) tidak ada perbedaan sebelum dan sesudah pemecahan saham untuk variabel return saham dan return taknormal saham, dan (2) ada perbedaan sebelum dan sesudah pemecahan saham untuk likuiditas saham.Kata Kunci: Pemecahan Saham; Return; Return Taknormal; Likuiditas Saham