bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
[Retracted] To Explore the Application Effect and Value of Evidence‐Based Nursing in Patients with Pregnancy‐Induced Hypertension Syndrome
Authors: Han Xueying , Froilan U Garma Paul , Quan Hongmei , Zhang Yuqing
Published: August 2022

Objective. The objective is to explore the nursing methods of evidence‐based nursing in preventing serious complications in patients with pregnancy‐induced hypertension. Methods. A total of 80 patients with pregnancy‐induced hypertension from April 2020 to April 2022 were selected and randomly divided into a control group and a research group, with 40 cases in each group. The blood pressure, Self‐Efficacy Scale score, Disease Uncertainty Scale score, the incidence of maternal and infant complications, the improvement of mental state, and the patients’ satisfaction with the nursing program were observed and compared between the two groups. Results. Compared with before the intervention, the self‐efficacy scores of the two groups were significantly improved, and the blood pressure, disease uncertainty score, SAS, and SDS scores were significantly decreased, and the indicators in the study group were better than those before the intervention. In the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). After the intervention, among the 40 patients in the study group, 10 cases (25.00%) of cesarean section were significantly lower than 19 cases (47.50%) in the control group, and the nursing work satisfaction in the study group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion. The application of evidence‐based nursing interventions and smart medical nursing interventions to patients with pregnancy‐induced hypertension syndrome has significant effect and can effectively improve the blood pressure control effect of patients during pregnancy.
Analysis of the Efficacy of Multidrug Combination Chemotherapy Regimens for Osteosarcoma and the Management of Chemotherapeutic Reactions
Authors: Tian Dawei , Feng Kun , Wu Xiaobao , Gao Chao , Hu Lixin
Published: August 2022

Purpose. To analyse the efficacy of high-dose methotrexate + adriamycin + cisplatin (HD-MTX + ADR + PDD, MAP) regimens applied to osteosarcoma and the pretreatment and resolution of chemotherapeutic reactions. Methods. The clinical data of 21 patients with osteosarcoma in our hospital from January 2015 to January 2018 were retrospectively analysed. All patients were treated with the MAP protocol, 21 days for 1 cycle, and treated with artificial joint replacement or amputation after 3∼4 cycles of treatment. The tumour tissue necrosis rate, limb preservation success rate after treatment, and chemotherapy response during chemotherapy were counted and analysed for all patients. A local recurrence rate, a distant metastasis rate, and an overall survival rate were recorded during the 3-year follow-up period. Results. After treatment, the percentage of tumour tissue necrosis ≥90% was 85.71% (18/21) and the percentage of successful limb preservation was 57.14% (12/21) in 21 patients with osteosarcoma. During chemotherapy, all 21 patients with osteosarcoma experienced various degrees of chemotherapy reactions, mainly bone marrow suppression of 100% (21/21), gastrointestinal reactions of 100% (21/21), liver function impairment of 66.67% (14/21), and cardiotoxicity of 52.38% (11/21), all of which improved and completed treatment after treatment. During the 3-year follow-up period, the 21 patients with osteosarcoma had a local recurrence rate of 9.52% (2/21), a distant metastasis rate of 28.57% (6/21), and an overall survival rate of 80.95% (17/21). Conclusion. With stringent protection and relief measures, patients with osteosarcoma treated with the MAP regimen have promising near-term outcomes, with high survival rates over 3 years and tolerable chemotherapy responses. The clinical trial is registered under L2015093.
Calcium Phosphorus Nanoparticles Coloaded with Paclitaxel and ADAM‐10‐siRNA for the Treatment of Triple Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: He Yang , Hu Qin , Sun Xiangyun
Published: August 2022

It is urgent to develop nonside effects and targeting and effective therapeutic agents for triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). Herein, first‐line chemotherapeutic drug paclitaxel (PTX) and a disintegrin and metalloproteinase 10 (ADAM10) small interfering RNA (siRNA) were simultaneously encapsulated in shell‐core‐distinct nanoparticles to enhance tumor suppressive effect. Specifically, copolymer DSPE‐PEG2K packed with PTX to form the hydrophobic core, while CaP shell coating siADAM10 to form the hydrophilic shell. The PEG chains in the outer layer of the nanoparticles prevent the immune system from engulfing them and thus increase their systemic circulation time. CaP‐PTX/siADAM10 NPs could target tumor site through the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect. The siADAM10 in outer shell is first released to exert its gene inhibitory effect to increase the sensitivity of tumor cells to chemotherapeutic drugs, and then, the inner PTX is released from the CaP‐PTX/siADAM10 NPs to exert its tumor‐killing effect. The codelivery system of chemotherapeutic agent and siRNA in a core‐shell nanoparticle provided a potent effective cancer therapy.
Design of the Human Resource Optimization Allocation Model Based on Information Integration
Authors: Wang Zhouhuo
Published: August 2022

With the increasingly close integration of information technology and enterprise management, the human resource management (HRM) model is also changing in the direction of information integration. The new information-based human resource management has gradually become a common management model for all industries and enterprises. Information integration of management work achieves integration and resource sharing among HR departments, managers, and employees. Information integration also facilitates the management of big data and the query of information from the upper and lower levels of group companies. This research study focuses on how companies can solve their own problems, integrate valuable human resources, improve management, and face fierce external competition. This study addresses the above issues by targeting and optimizing the core of human resource management with a performance management system using fuzzy evaluation. Encouraging employees to stimulate motivation and autonomy on the basis of the original foundation has enriched the content of HR performance management, making the overall work more widespread, objective, and encouraging sustainable growth of the company. The experiment proves that this resource optimization allocation model has an important role for managers to make human resource management plans, improve the information technology content of management, and improve the information level of management, so as to improve management efficiency and promote enterprise development.
The Correlation between Monetary Policy and Housing Price Change Based on a VAR Model
Authors: Feng Peichun
Published: August 2022

In early 2020, the global economy was severely hit by the COVID-19 pandemic. Governments, including China, have adopted expansionary fiscal policies to stimulate demand and quantitative easing to increase the money supply to boost the economy by lowering lending rates. This paper starts from the influence of monetary policy on housing price mechanism, tries to explore the monetary policy on interest rate and money supply, finally establishes the VAR model, empirically analyzes the effectiveness of the impact of monetary policy on housing price changes, and makes a policy suggestion to demonstrate the necessity of consideration when stimulating the economy, to avoid housing price rise too fast, which affects the people's livelihood, and to have a negative impact on social sustainable development.
Calibration of Double-Plane-Mirror Catadioptric Camera Based on Coaxial Parallel Circles
Authors: Zhao Yue , Chen Yuyang , Yang Liping
Published: August 2022

A catadioptric camera with a double-mirror system, composed of a pinhole camera and two planar mirrors, can capture multiple catadioptric views of an object. The catadioptric point sets (CPSs) formed by the contour points on the object lie on circles, all of which are coaxial parallel. Based on the property of the polar line of the infinity point with respect to a circle, the infinity points in orthogonal directions can be obtained using any two CPSs, and a pole and polar pair with respect to the image of the absolute conic (IAC) can be obtained through inference of the Laguerre theorem. Thus, the camera intrinsic parameters can be solved. Furthermore, as the five points needed to fit the image of a circle are not easy to obtain accurately, only sets in which five points can be located can be obtained, whereas the points on the line of intersection between the two plane mirrors and the ground plane can easily be obtained accurately. An optimization method based on the analysis of neighboring point sets to compare the intersection points with an image of the center of multiple circle images fitted using the point sets is proposed. Bundle adjustment is then applied to further optimize the camera intrinsic parameters. The feasibility and validity of the proposed calibration methods and their optimization were confirmed through simulation and experiments. Two primary innovations were obtained from the results of this study: (1) by applying coaxial parallel circles to the double-plane-mirror catadioptric camera model, a variety of calibration methods were derived, and (2) we found that the overall model could be optimized by analyzing the features of the neighboring point set and bundle adjustment.
[Retracted] Application of Biomechanics Based on Intelligent Technology and Big Data in Physical Fitness Training of Athletes
Authors: Li Kai , Zhang Jinqian , Qu Qingling , Li Bairan , Kim Sukwon
Published: August 2022

Physical training has a high degree of participation all over the world. With the opening of the era of national fitness, physical training has become more popular from the original specialization, and the complex training methods and contents have gradually become simplified. The development and change of physical training has also brought many problems to the professional training of athletes, such as high training intensity but poor effect, insufficient training posture, and long‐term physical injury. In order to help athletes achieve better results in physical training and reduce the probability of injury, taking sprint training as an example, this article adopted the sports and body data of elite athletes through intelligent technology and big data analysis, established a human motion model from the perspective of biomechanics, and then conducted a corresponding test run experiment for athletes. The experimental results suggested that drag resistance running could improve the specific strength quality of sprinting. At the same time, when using resistance load for training, the maximum speed should not exceed 90% of the maximum speed without resistance. The average horizontal maximum velocity decreased by approximately 9% when training under a resistance load, and the best training results were obtained by training athletes within this range.
Perspectives on the Molecular Mediators of Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Strategies in the Context of Neuroprotection and Neurolongevity: An Extensive Review
Authors: Shohag Sheikh , Akhter Shomaya , Islam Shahidul , Sarker Tonmoy , Sifat Moinuddin Khan , Rahman Md. Mominur , Islam Md. Rezaul , Sharma Rohit
Published: August 2022

Molecules with at least one unpaired electron in their outermost shell are known as free radicals. Free radical molecules are produced either within our bodies or by external sources such as ozone, cigarette smoking, X-rays, industrial chemicals, and air pollution. Disruption of normal cellular homeostasis by redox signaling may result in cardiovascular, neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. Although ROS (reactive oxygen species) are formed in the GI tract, little is known about how they contribute to pathophysiology and disease etiology. When reactive oxygen species and antioxidants are in imbalance in our bodies, they can cause cell structure damage, neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, atherosclerosis, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, metabolic disorders, and other obesity-related disorders, as well as protein misfolding, mitochondrial dysfunction, glial cell activation, and subsequent cellular apoptosis. Neuron cells are gradually destroyed in neurodegenerative diseases. The production of inappropriately aggregated proteins is strongly linked to oxidative stress. This review’s goal is to provide as much information as possible about the numerous neurodegenerative illnesses linked to oxidative stress. The possibilities of multimodal and neuroprotective therapy in human illness, using already accessible medications and demonstrating neuroprotective promise in animal models, are highlighted. Neuroprotection and neurolongevity may improve from the use of bioactive substances from medicinal herbs like Allium stadium, Celastrus paniculatus, and Centella asiatica. Many neuroprotective drugs’ possible role has been addressed. Preventing neuroinflammation has been demonstrated in several animal models.
SARS-CoV-2 Infection-Associated Aortic Thrombosis Treated with Oral Factor Xa Inhibition
Authors: Strýčková Alena , Benko Jakub , Péč Martin Jozef , Péčová Monika , Žolková Jana , Brunclíková Monika , Bolek Tomáš , Staško Ján , Samoš Matej , Mokáň Marián
Published: August 2022

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an acute complex systemic disorder caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).While SARS-CoV-2 is known to cause significant pulmonary disease, various extrapulmonary manifestations of COVID-19 have also been reported. Growing evidence suggests that COVID-19 is associated with coagulopathy leading to micro and macrovascular complications. Although in patients with COVID-19, venous thromboembolic events are more frequent, arterial thrombosis also occurs at an increased rate. These often lead to acute life-threatening ischemia, which requires urgent diagnosis and treatment. We present case reports of two patients with an abnormal thrombus formation in the thoracic aorta who recently overcame COVID-19, which led to systemic embolism and splenic infarction. Ambulatory oral factor Xa inhibitor therapy led to aortic thrombosis resolution in both patients.
A Data-Driven Intelligent System for Assistive Design of Interior Environments
Authors: Chen Guoxing
Published: August 2022

This paper analyses the design of a healthy interior environment using big data intelligence. The application of big data intelligence in the design of healthy interior environments is necessary because the traditional interior design approaches consume a lot of energy and other problems. Benefited by its strong ability of computation and analytics, artificial intelligence can well improve a series of problems in the field of interior design. The proposal summarizes the sources, classifications, and expressions of behavioral data in interior spaces, carries out analysis and research on behavioral data from two aspects: display space and supermarket space, summarizes the interior methods based on behavioral data, and analyses the visualization application of behavioral data in different interior scenes, to explore the application value of behavioral data in interior design. In contrast to it is the unconscious behavioral response, the biggest characteristic of which is that it is regulated by the behavioral subject’s physiological factors or habits of the behavior issuer. In this paper, we convert the layout recommendation problem of a space into a functional classification problem of segmented segments and household segments on a plane. The scene layout features are extracted by binary coding, the abstraction of the cross features between the vector segments is achieved by using a word embedding algorithm, the feature matrix is reduced in dimensionality, and finally, the segmentation network model and the layout network model are constructed, respectively, by using a bidirectional LSTM. The experiments show that the accuracy of the layout recommendation model in this paper is 98%, which can meet the demand for real-time online layouts.
Circ_000829 Plays an Anticancer Role in Renal Cell Carcinoma by Suppressing SRSF1-Mediated Alternative Splicing of SLC39A14
Authors: Feng Jia-fu , Yang Wen-yu , Wang Yao-dong , Xie Gang , Xu Bei , Dai Chun-mei , Zhang Bin , Li Xiao-han , Wang Jun , Yang Yu-wei
Published: August 2022

Background. Covalently closed circular RNAs (circRNAs) play critical oncogenic or anticancer roles in various cancers including renal cell carcinoma (RCC), pointing to their regulation as a promising strategy against development of RCC. We, thus, studied the tumor-suppressive role of circ_000829 in RCC through in vitro and in vivo experiments. Methods. The expression of circ_000829 was validated in clinical RCC tissues and RCC cell lines. Based on ectopic expression and knockdown experiments, we examined the interactions among circ_000829, serine and arginine rich splicing factor 1 (SRSF1), and solute carrier family 39 member 14 (SLC39A14, zinc transporter). Then, the effects of circ_000829, SRSF1, and SLC39A14 on cell cycle distribution and proliferation in vitro and on tumor growth in vivo were evaluated in RCC cells. Results. Circ_000829 was poorly expressed in RCC tissues and cells, while SRSF1 was highly expressed. Restoration of circ_000829 reduced the levels of SRSF1 and SLC39A14B, thereby repressing the RCC cell proliferation in vitro and tumor growth in vivo. Meanwhile, overexpression of SRSF1 and SLC39A14B promoted the proliferation and cell cycle entry of RCC cells. Mechanistically, circ_000829 directly bound to SRSF1, and SRSF1 enhanced the expression of SLC39A14B by mediating the alternative splicing of SLC39A14. SLC39A14B upregulation negated the effect of SLC39A14 knockdown on RCC cell proliferation. Conclusion. Hence, this study suggests the antiproliferative role of circ_000829 in RCC growth and further elucidates the underlying mechanism involving the inhibited SRSF1-mediated alternative splicing of SLC39A14 mRNA.
Biological Mechanism on SIRT1/NLRP3/IL-18 Signaling Pathway of Acupuncture for Treatment of Ischemic Stroke with Center Poststroke Pain
Authors: Zhou Dan , Zhang Lanfang , Mao Liwei , Cao Jingyu , Gao Jiaqiang
Published: August 2022

Objective. To evaluate the effect of acupuncture on an animal model of ischemic stroke with central poststroke pain (CPSP) through Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1)/NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3 (NLRP3)/interleukin-18 (IL-18) signaling pathway. Methods. Data mining was performed with R package “edgeR,” “limma,” “pathview,” etc., from NCBI Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were divided into 4 groups: sham operation group (Sham group, n = 5), poststroke central pain group (CPSP group, n = 5), poststroke central pain + acupuncture group (AP group, n = 5), central pain after stroke + acupuncture + SIRT1 inhibitor EX527 group (EX527 group, n = 5). Pain behavior testing was performed to determine the mechanical withdrawal threshold (MWT). Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was performed to verify the data mining results from the GEO database. Results. The KEGG key pathway map was created using the R package “pathview” package, demonstrating that the expression levels of NLRP3’s downstream inflammatory factors IL-18 were downregulated in both of siSIRT1 group compared to the control group and the NLRP3 reconstituted group compared to NLRP3 KO group. QRT-PCR results on animal models of CPSP ischemic stroke showed that the expression levels of SIRT1 were downregulated, the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome was upregulated, and the expression levels of IL-18 were upregulated in the brain tissues of the surrounding area of the injury. As the pain threshold of CPSP rats was increased, the expression level of S1RT1 was upregulated, and the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome was downregulated. The expression level of IL-18 was downregulated after acupuncture treatment. Conclusion. Acupuncture may inhibit CPSP in an animal model of ischemic stroke by upregulating SIRT1 expression levels, inhibition of the activation of the inflammasome, and downregulating IL-18 expression levels.
Virtual Reality Technology of New Media Visual Simulation
Authors: Li Feng
Published: August 2022

In order to improve the exhibition effect of museums and expand the display ways of digital museums, a Chinese museum scene roaming application system based on the Unity 3D virtual reality engine was proposed. 3Dmax model production software was used to complete the museum scenes and the model production, material, and lighting of collections in the museum. Through the Unity 3D virtual reality engine, the design and production of the interactive system were completed. The display and application of the scene roaming system of the Chinese museum were well realized. For the system, the fast construction of virtual scenes and fixed-point triggering (FPT) optimization were carried out. The experimental results showed that the improved method was 90.5% faster than the manual coding method in the optimization of fast virtual scene construction. After using the fixed-point triggering method, the average accuracy of the original 35 scenes was 63.9%. It was concluded that the application design could simulate the museum scene well, which had a certain reference value for the application of virtual reality simulation technology in the field of cultural heritage inheritance.
Clinical Effect of Hufu Copper Scraping on Shoulder-Hand Syndrome after Stroke
Authors: He Lianyi , Chen Xinyu , Zhang Yuejuan
Published: August 2022

Objective. To explore the clinical effect of Hufu copper scraping on shoulder-hand syndrome after stroke. Methods. A total of 60 patients with shoulder-hand syndrome after stroke admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine were enrolled between January 2020 and June 2021. According to the random number table method, they were divided into the control group (n = 30) and the intervention group (n = 30). The control group was given routine rehabilitation intervention, while the intervention group was additionally given Hufu copper scraping. The intervention effect, occurrence of adverse reactions during the intervention, pain, swelling degree of affected hands, serum calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), substance P (SP), and Barthel index before and after 2 months of intervention were compared between the two groups. Results. After intervention, the total response rate of the intervention group was significantly higher than that of the control group (96.67% vs 80.00%) (

P
<
0.05

). After intervention, the score of the visual analogue scale (VAS) and water displacement in the intervention group were lower than those in the control group (

P
<
0.05

). After intervention, levels of CGRP and SP in the intervention group were lower than those in the control group, while the Barthel index was higher compared to the control group (

P
<
0.05

). Conclusion. The intervention effect of Hufu copper scraping is good, which can promote the recovery of related symptoms, relieve pain and swelling of affected hands, downregulate levels of disease-promoting markers, and accelerate recovery of related function in patients with shoulder-hand syndrome after stroke.
The Influence of Big Data and Information Fusion Innovative Technology in College Students’ Ideological and Political Education
Authors: Li Yang
Published: August 2022

Big data on the Internet has brought another way of thinking to college students’ ideological and political research. Teachers in higher education can make full use of the ability of big data in acquiring, storing, managing, and analyzing to innovate ideological and political education work. University faculty can improve their careers, ensuring that university education and politics are scientifically sound and efficient. To explore the modernization of college student ideological and political research in the age of Internet big data, this research usually begins with data that attracts college students and explores college student ideas and culture in a variety of ways. I received the information. Therefore, in the current Internet big data era, the innovation of the current college students’ ideological and political education work is deeply analyzed. The current traditional single “indoctrination” theory education can hardly continue to play a strong role. Therefore, starting from the actual requirements of college students, this paper puts forward a new point of view on the choice of educational methods. From the current survey, it is found that college students are still more inclined to choose the method of classroom teaching. Below the significant level of 0.05, the tolerance is greater than 0.1 and the variance expansion factor VIF is both. It is the smallest in the vicinity of 1. Therefore, the more the college students prefer classroom teaching and the way of receiving information from the mass media, the better the effect of traditional ideological and political education and network.
Comprehensive Quantification and Model Optimization of Sports Industry Layout Structure under the Guidance of Location Entropy Intelligent Sensor
Authors: Li Qiang
Published: August 2022

The field bus control system based on field bus is a multidisciplinary emerging technology with intelligent sensor, automatic control, computer, communication, network, and other technologies as the main content. All have broad application prospects. In this paper, the CAN bus technology in the field bus is combined with the sensor, and the OPC technology is used to realize the acquisition of the underlying data in the application and control system. In this paper, the industry agglomeration model, the leading industry model, the urban gravity model, and its index are calculated, and the agglomeration effect, leading industry, and urban gravity of the sports industry in two provinces and one city in a certain region are judged from the micro level. Location entropy and relative density of technical elements, scale effect function, product income elasticity coefficient, market share, and other economic indicators are compared and described, and the sports leading industry and sports industry growth pole area are deduced, and the corresponding industrial development stage is judged. We analyze the strength of the polarization effect and diffusion effect of the sports industry in the above-mentioned regions. Economic factors, social factors, and traffic road factors are selected to analyze the driving force of the distribution of gymnasiums. According to the results of binary and multivariate correlation analysis, it is found that the gross domestic product is very important to the development of the sports industry and directly determines the regional demand for sports. There are sports industry forms that are clustered in areas with high economic levels; population density is selected as the representative of social factors, and the research results show that population density has a strong correlation with the number of sports industry distributions. The reason is that the development of the sports industry ultimately depends on demand. It is difficult to form a concentrated demand for related sports activities in areas with small population density, so the distribution of the sports industry is also very small; and the transportation factor is the main factor affecting economic development and population flow. Therefore, it also indirectly affects the spatial layout of the sports industry.
Spatial Positioning and Matrix Programs of Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts Promote T-cell Exclusion in Human Lung Tumors
Authors: Grout John A. , Sirven Philemon , Leader Andrew M. , Maskey Shrisha , Hector Eglantine , Puisieux Isabelle , Steffan Fiona , Cheng Evan , Tung Navpreet , Maurin Mathieu , Vaineau Romain , Karpf Lea , Plaud Martin , Begue Anne-Laure , Ganesh Koushik , Mesple Jérémy , Casanova-Acebes Maria , Tabachnikova Alexandra , Keerthivasan Shilpa , Lansky Alona , Berichel Jessica Le , Walker Laura , Rahman Adeeb H. , Gnjatic Sacha , Girard Nicolas , Lefevre Marine , Damotte Diane , Adam Julien , Martin Jerome C. , Wolf Andrea , Flores Raja M. , Beasley Mary Beth , Pradhan Rachana , Muller Soren , Marron Thomas U. , Turley Shannon J. , Merad Miriam , Kenigsberg Ephraim , Salmon Hélène
Published: August 2022

It is currently accepted that cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) participate in T-cell exclusion from tumor nests. To unbiasedly test this, we used single-cell RNA sequencing coupled with multiplex imaging on a large cohort of lung tumors. We identified four main CAF populations, two of which are associated with T-cell exclusion: (i) MYH11+αSMA+ CAF, which are present in early-stage tumors and form a single cell layer lining cancer aggregates, and (ii) FAP+αSMA+ CAF, which appear in more advanced tumors and organize in patches within the stroma or in multiple layers around tumor nests. Both populations orchestrate a particular structural tissue organization through dense and aligned fiber deposition compared with T cell–permissive CAF. Yet they produce distinct matrix molecules, including collagen IV (MYH11+αSMA+ CAF) and collagen XI/XII (FAP+αSMA+ CAF). Hereby, we uncovered unique molecular programs of CAF driving T-cell marginalization, whose targeting should increase immunotherapy efficacy in patients bearing T cell–excluded tumors.

Significance:

The cellular and molecular programs driving T-cell marginalization in solid tumors remain unclear. Here, we describe two CAF populations associated with T-cell exclusion in human lung tumors. We demonstrate the importance of pairing molecular and spatial analysis of the tumor microenvironment, a prerequisite to developing new strategies targeting T cell–excluding CAF.

See related commentary by Sherman, p. 2501.

This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 2483
Changes in Bone Marrow Tumor and Immune Cells Correlate with Durability of Remissions Following BCMA CAR T Therapy in Myeloma
Authors: Dhodapkar Kavita M. , Cohen Adam D. , Kaushal Akhilesh , Garfall Alfred L. , Manalo Renee Julia , Carr Allison R. , McCachren Samuel S. , Stadtmauer Edward A. , Lacey Simon F. , Melenhorst J. Joseph , June Carl H. , Milone Michael C. , Dhodapkar Madhav V.
Published: August 2022

Chimeric antigen-receptor (CAR) T cells lead to high response rates in myeloma, but most patients experience recurrent disease. We combined several high-dimensional approaches to study tumor/immune cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) of myeloma patients pre– and post–B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA)-specific CAR T therapy. Lower diversity of pretherapy T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoire, presence of hyperexpanded clones with exhaustion phenotype, and BAFF+PD-L1+ myeloid cells in the marrow correlated with shorter progression-free survival (PFS) following CAR T therapy. In contrast, longer PFS was associated with an increased proportion of CLEC9A+ dendritic cells (DC), CD27+TCF1+ T cells with diverse T-cell receptors, and emergence of T cells expressing marrow-residence genes. Residual tumor cells at initial response express stemlike genes, and tumor recurrence was associated with the emergence of new dominant clones. These data illustrate a dynamic interplay between endogenous T, CAR T, myeloid/DC, and tumor compartments that affects the durability of response following CAR T therapy in myeloma.

Significance:

There is an unmet need to identify determinants of durable responses following BCMA CAR T therapy of myeloma. High-dimensional analysis of the TME was performed to identify features of immune and tumor cells that correlate with survival and suggest several strategies to improve outcomes following CAR T therapy.

See related commentary by Graham and Maus, p. 478.

This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 476
Effect of the Target Range on Arterial Oxygen Saturation Stability in Extremely Premature Infants
Authors: Kurtom Waleed , Dormishian Alaleh , Jain Deepak , Schott Alini , Aguilar Ana Cecilia , Grieb Gavin , Bancalari Eduardo , Claure Nelson
Published: August 2022

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the effect of targeting arterial oxygen saturation (SpO2) in the high (93–95%) versus the low portion (90–92%) of the recommended range of 90–95% on oxygenation stability in extremely premature infants. Methods: Premature infants of ≤28 weeks of gestational age who received a fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) > 0.21 after day 14 were eligible. FiO2 was adjusted by a dedicated investigator to keep SpO2 between 90–92% and 93–95% for 2 h each in random sequence. Episodes of intermittent hypoxemia (IH) were defined as SpO2 <90% for ≥10 s; severe IH episodes were defined as SpO2 <80% for ≥10 s. Hyperoxemia was defined as SpO2 >95% or >98%. Results: Eighteen premature infants were enrolled. Their (mean ± SD) GA was 26 ± 1.5 w. Seven infants were on mechanical ventilation, 4 infants on nasal ventilation, and 7 infants on nasal cannula. They were on a mean FiO2 0.38 ± 0.12 at study entry. Episodes of IH and severe IH were more frequent during the low compared to the high target (36.6 [27.0–41.3] vs. 16.0 [7.8–19.0], p < 0.001; 8.4 ± 9.3 vs. 3.2 ± 4.3, p = 0.002). The proportions of time with SpO2 >95% and >98% were greater with the high target (13.9 ± 11 vs. 34.1 ± 15.4%, p < 0.001; 0.9 [0–5.7] vs. 3.4 [0.5–16.1]%, p = 0.002). Conclusion: In this group of extremely premature infants, targeting SpO2 at the lower portion of the recommended range resulted in more frequent episodes of IH. However, targeting the higher SpO2 range led to more hyperoxemia. This trade-off warrants further investigation.
Patient-Reported Outcomes and Predictive Factors following Focused Ultrasound Thalamotomy for Essential Tremor
Authors: Moosa Shayan , Craver Andrew , Asuzu David , Eames Matthew , Wang Tony R. , Elias William Jeffrey
Published: August 2022

Introduction: The objectives of this study were to determine long-term patient-reported outcomes with magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) thalamotomy for medication-refractory essential tremor (ET) and to identify risk factors for a poor clinical outcome. Methods: We administered a telephone or mail-in survey to patients who consecutively underwent unilateral MRgFUS thalamotomy for ET at our institution over an 8-year period. Patients were asked to self-report measures of hand tremor improvement, degree of overall postprocedure improvement, activities of daily life, side effects, and willingness to undergo the procedure again. Specific patient characteristics, ultrasound treatment parameters, and postoperative radiological findings from magnetic resonance imaging performed 1 day after the procedure were analyzed, and multivariable linear regression was used to determine if these factors could serve as predictors of clinical outcome. Results: A total of 85 patients were included in this study with a mean follow-up time of 3.0 years (range 2 months to 1 8.4 years). The mean patient-reported improvement in hand tremor at last follow-up was 66%, and 73% of patients reported meaningful change in their overall condition after the procedure. The percentages of patients reporting normal or only minimal limitations with feeding, drinking, and writing ability at last follow-up were 60%, 71%, and 48%, respectively. In the position of their former selves, 89% of patients would again choose to undergo the procedure. Larger lesions were correlated with a higher risk of adverse events. Discussion/Conclusion: While subjective hand tremor improvement declines with time, willingness to undergo the procedure again following MRgFUS thalamotomy for ET remains very high even several years after the procedure.
Pulmonary Lymphangitis Carcinomatosa Mimicking Immunotherapy-Related Interstitial Pneumonitis: A Case Report
Authors: Imakita Takuma , Fujita Kohei , Kanai Osamu , Mio Tadashi
Published: August 2022

While immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors has achieved promising effects in advanced lung cancer treatment, it can induce some unique adverse events, known as immunotherapy-related adverse events (irAEs). Immunotherapy-related interstitial pneumonitis is one of the irAEs, and its incidence is reported as 3.5–8.3% in phase III trials of nivolumab with or without ipilimumab for advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients. However, in the real-world setting, pathology is not routinely used in the diagnostic process of interstitial pneumonitis because diagnosis is usually made using chest computed tomography (CT). Here, we report an educational case of pathologically diagnosed pulmonary lymphangitis carcinomatosa mimicking immunotherapy-related interstitial pneumonitis. The patient was diagnosed with advanced adenocarcinoma of the right lung (stage IVA) and received immunochemotherapy for 6 months. He manifested acute respiratory failure, and a chest CT scan revealed the emergence of diffuse grand-grass opacity predominantly in the left lung. Immunotherapy-induced interstitial pneumonitis was clinically suspected because the primary lesion was stable, and the level of the serum carcinoembryonic antigen decreased. However, the detection of adenocarcinoma cells in the bronchoalveolar lavage sample from the left lung confirmed the diagnosis of pulmonary lymphangitis carcinomatosa. Clinicians’ assumptions can sometimes mislead treatment methods; hence, this case draws attention to the perils of misdiagnoses.
Pilot Study to Evaluate a New Method for Endotracheal Administration of Surfactant in Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Fiberscope Assisted Surfactant Therapy (FAST)
Authors: Guevorkian David , Cavatorta Eric , Rassart Anne , Vanden Eijnden Serge , Vicari Agnese , Sanoussi Ismail , Jacques Nathalie , Marechal Yoann
Published: August 2022

Introduction: Currently, INSURE (Intubation-Surfactant-Extubation) and LISA (Less Invasive Surfactant Administration) are two recommended techniques for surfactant delivery to newborns with respiratory distress syndrome. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility, safety, tolerability of a new technique of surfactant administration in newborns without anesthesia or laryngoscopy: Fiberscope Assisted Surfactant Therapy (FAST). Methods: This monocentric, prospective, nonrandomized, pilot feasibility study was conducted from January to December 2021. Spontaneously breathing infants born ≥28 weeks gestational age with respiratory distress syndrome received surfactant by a 1.5 French catheter inserted in the trachea using a flexible endoscope without anesthesia, while maintaining a continuous positive expiratory pressure. The learning curve of this new technique by caregivers was studied during training sessions on high fidelity mannequins. Results: Eight infants born ≥28 weeks of gestation with a birth weight of 1,000 g–2,685 g were included in the study. FAST was successfully performed in each case without anesthesia, second dose of surfactant or mechanical ventilation. One hour after FAST, a decrease of FiO2 and PCO2 and an increase of arterial pressure and pH were recorded with medians of individual differences of −0.9, −4 mm Hg, 6.5 mm Hg, and 0.06, respectively. The learning curves of 13 physicians showed a rapid mastery of FAST from the third attempt onwards (mean duration of 113, 66, and 50 s for 1st, 2nd, and 3rd attempts, respectively, 29–37 s for further attempts). Conclusion: FAST may be considered as a possible new minimally invasive surfactant therapy technique for neonates ≥28 weeks with mild respiratory distress syndrome.
Cap-Assisted Endoscopic Mucosal Resection for Rectal Neuroendocrine Tumors: An Effective Option
Authors: João Mafalda , Alves Susana , Areia Miguel , Elvas Luís , Brito Daniel , Saraiva Sandra , Martins Raquel , Cadime Ana Teresa
Published: August 2022

Introduction: The incidence of rectal neuroendocrine tumors (r-NETs) is increasing, and most small r-NETs can be treated endoscopically. The optimal endoscopic approach is still debatable. Conventional endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) leads to frequent incomplete resection. Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) allows higher complete resection rates but is also associated with higher complication rates. According to some studies, cap-assisted EMR (EMR-C) is an effective and safe alternative for endoscopic resection of r-NETs. Aims: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of EMR-C for r-NETs ≤10 mm without muscularis propria invasion or lymphovascular infiltration. Methods: Single-center prospective study including consecutive patients with r-NETs ≤10 mm without muscularis propria invasion or lymphovascular invasion confirmed by endoscopic ultrasound (EUS), submitted to EMR-C between January 2017 and September 2021. Demographic, endoscopic, histopathologic, and follow-up data were retrieved from medical records. Results: A total of 13 patients (male: 54%; n = 7) with a median age of 64 (interquartile range: 54–76) years were included. Most lesions were located at the lower rectum (69.2%, n = 9), and median lesion size was 6 (interquartile range: 4.5–7.5) mm. On EUS evaluation, 69.2% (n = 9) of tumors were limited to muscularis mucosa. EUS accuracy for the depth of invasion was 84.6%. We found a strong correlation between size measurements by histology and EUS (r = 0.83, p < 0.01). Overall, 15.4% (n = 2) were recurrent r-NETs and had been pretreated by conventional EMR. Resection was histologically complete in 92% (n = 12) of cases. Histologic analysis revealed grade 1 tumor in 76.9% (n = 10) of cases. Ki-67 index was inferior to 3% in 84.6% (n = 11) of cases. The median procedure time was 5 (interquartile range: 4–8) min. Only 1 case of intraprocedural bleeding was reported and was successfully controlled endoscopically. Follow-up was available in 92% (n = 12) of cases with a median follow-up of 6 (interquartile range: 12–24) months with no evidence of residual or recurrent lesion on endoscopic or EUS evaluation. Conclusion:EMR-C is fast, safe, and effective for resection of small r-NETs without high-risk features. EUS accurately assesses risk factors. Prospective comparative trials are needed to define the best endoscopic approach.
MERCURY CHLORIDE (HgCl2) EXPOSURE CHANGES THE HISTOPATHOLOGICAL FIGURE OF EYE AND BRAIN OF TILAPIA FISH (Oreochromis mossambicus)
Authors: ALIZA DWINNA , NAZARUDDIN  , ABDA AYA SOFIA , ANNISA ASRI
Published: August 2022

Mercury pollution brings harmful effects to aquatic animals, the environment and eventually to human health. Mercury accumulates in the liver, kidney, eye lens and brain of fish, resulting in organ damage. This study aimed to determine the effect of HgCl2 exposure on anatomical pathology and histopathology of tilapia fish eye and brain. A total of 36 male tilapia fish were allotted into 4 treatment groups with 3 replications. Fish were exposed to 0.00, 0.25, 0.50, and 0.75 ppm of HgCl2 for 10, 20, and 30 days. Subsequently, the anatomical pathology was observed followed by histopathological examination. Anatomical pathology examination of fish eye on day 30 showed white membrane on the eye lens surface, pupil diminution, and sunken eyes. The brain demonstrated hemorrhage, necrosis, discolorations, and granulated area. The retina showed necrosis, retina pigmentation flexiform layer widened, and cone cell atrophy. Brain depicted structural and cellular damage such as degeneration necrosis and vacuolation. HgCl2 exposure changes the anatomical pathology and histopathology of tilapia fish eye and brain.
Conservation status of freshwater fishes reported from Tungabhadra Reservoir, Karnataka, India
Authors: C.M. Nagabhushan
Published: August 2022

Fishes constitute the major biomass of the aquatic ecosystem. The economy of the aquatic habitats is chiefly composed of fishes, crustaceans and molluscs inhabiting the given ecosystem. In the present investigation, an attempt was made to study the conservation status of the fishes that are naturally occurring in the Tungabhadra Reservoir located at Hospet, Vijayanagara district of Karnataka. The survey was spread across 12 months from June 2018 to May 2019. A total of 76 species, belonging to 50 genera and 20 families were recorded. As per the latest IUCN Red List, six Endangered, six Vulnerable, four Near Threatened, five Data Deficient and fifty four Least Concern fishes inhabit in TBR.
Drape Fin Barb Oreichthys crenuchoides (Schäfer, 2009) (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) a new fish species report for Nepal
Authors: Tapil Prakash Rai
Published: August 2022

Nepal has more than 6,000 rivers and is rich in freshwater fish diversity. A total of 240 species of fish have been reported from Nepal, of which 43 species are recorded in the Budoholi wetland. Here, I report the first record of the Drape Fin Barb Oreichthys crenuchoides from southeastern Nepal.
New distribution record of Gazalina chrysolopha Kollar, 1844 (Lepidoptera: Notodontidae) in the Trans-Himalayan region of western Nepal
Authors: Ashant Dewan  , Bimal Raj Shrestha  , Rubina Thapa Magar  , Prakash Gaudel
Published: August 2022

Gazalina chrysolopha Kollar, 1844 is a white moth with several black line patterns. It belongs to family Notodontidae. The major habitat consists of oak and alder forests in the Himalaya. The moth is associated with the cause of corneal melting eye disease. The finding of a moth in a trans-Himalayan region set forth the change of current distribution range, host, and habitat preference behaviors.
Dietary preference of Assamese Macaque Macaca assamensis McClelland, 1840 (Mammalia: Primates: Cercopithecidae) in Dampa Tiger Reserve, India
Authors: Ht. Decemson  , Sushanto Gouda  , Zothan Siama  , Hmar Tlawmte Lalremsanga
Published: August 2022

Dietary composition and selection of food items are important approaches for the flexibility and adaptability of macaques in different natural habitats. With a wide distribution range, Assamese Macaques feed on various food types. This study reports the consumption of 57 plant species from 30 families. A total of 2,233 scans resulted in 16,381 feeding behavioral records during the study period from 2018 to 2020. Macaques appear to be primarily folivorous in Dampa as leaves (young & mature) constitute 44.74% of their daily dietary intake while the fruit consumption was found to be 25.31% of the total dietary intake. Plant species like Artocarpus lakoocha (15.65%), Albizia procera (12.03%), Glochidion hyneanum (10.53%), Diospyros glandulosa (9.49%), and Albizia lebbeck (7.28%) contributed significantly to macaque’s diet compare to other plants. No significant variation was observed on time spent for feeding on leaves, fruits, flowers, and seeds in both different months and seasons of the year. The highest percentage of the diurnal time invested on feeding activity was (59.04%) in the month of January (winter season), which may be due to the cold climate and scarcity of proper feeding items and the least was (35.19%) in June where food resources are more readily available. The richness of fruiting plants in Dampa Tiger Reserve appears to fulfill the dietary requirement of Assamese Macaque and therefore intactness of forest resources is necessary for their development and conservation.