bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Determining amplitude and tilt of a lateral force microscopy sensor
Authors: Gretz Oliver , Weymouth Alfred J , Holzmann Thomas , Pürckhauer Korbinian , Giessibl Franz J
Published: June 2021

In lateral force microscopy (LFM), implemented as frequency-modulation atomic force microscopy, the tip oscillates parallel to the surface. Existing amplitude calibration methods are not applicable for mechanically excited LFM sensors at low temperature. Moreover, a slight angular offset of the oscillation direction (tilt) has a significant influence on the acquired data. To determine the amplitude and tilt we make use of the scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) channel and acquire data without and with oscillation of the tip above a local surface feature. We use a full two-dimensional current map of the STM data without oscillation to simulate data for a given amplitude and tilt. Finally, the amplitude and tilt are determined by fitting the simulation output to the data with oscillation.
Exemption from criminal liability as an alternative to criminal prosecution
Authors: Sirotkina Mariia
Published: June 2021

This article is researching an institution of exemption from criminal liability as an alternative to criminal prosecution on the basis of current criminal procedure legislation, scientific researches and judicial practice.

It was found that some researchers of exemption from criminal liability refer it to the forms of criminal liability, consider exemption from criminal liability as an institution of criminal law that differentiates liability; a radical means of differentiating a criminal liability; a legal fact that terminates a criminal legal relationship, which exempts a person from adverse legal consequences, etc.

Having analysed the positions of foreign and domestic scholars, it can be concluded that the norms which provide for exemption from criminal liability should be considered as «an alternative to criminal prosecution».

Exemption from criminal liability is provided for in the criminal law due to the fact that in some cases there is no point in subjecting a particular person to criminal liability, as criminal liability, being lawful, is considered as an inexpedient one. The state responds to a criminal act not leaving it without consequences, but reacts in another, «alternative» form, reaching a justified legal compromise in such cases.

It is proved that the institution of exemption from criminal liability is implementing a desire of the state to effectively and rationally fight against crime without punishment and in general without a guilty verdict (conviction). This institution is simultaneously implementing the principles of economy of criminal repression, humanism and individualization of liability. Thus, the legislator has provided an alternative to criminal prosecution in the relevant provisions of the Criminal Procedure Code and the Criminal Code. This alternative in certain cases includes a compromise – a person who first time committed a criminal offense or negligent minor offence, except for corruption offenses, is being exempted from criminal liability if this person: has sincerely repented after commitment of offence, has actively contributed to the disclosure of the criminal offense and has fully reimbursed the damage caused by it or has eliminated the damage (Article 45 of the Criminal Code); has reconciled with the victim and has reimbursed the damage caused by such a person or has eliminated the damage (Article 46 of the Criminal Code); when transferring on parole to the staff of the enterprise, institution or organization within a year from the date of parole such person will justify the trust of the staff, will not evade educational measures and will not violate a public order (Article 47 of the Criminal Code).

Key words: alternative, liability, exemption, compromise, punishment.
Personal non-property rights ensure a social existence of the Internet user as natural person
Authors: Dolinska Anna
Published: June 2021

The article is devoted to issues of personal non-property rights which ensure social existence of the Internet user as an natural person. It is emphasized that Internet user, as a participant in civil law relations related to protection and defense of personal non-property rights, is endowed with all powers that determine general legal status of a participant in similar law relations. The peculiarities of the Internet user’s exercise of certain personal non-property rights are highlighted, which are due to nature of Internet relations. They reflect specifics of human communication in the Internet environment. At the same time, threats that require formation of a separate mechanism to ensure the protection the personal non-property rights of Internet users are increasing proportionately. Thus, civil law doctrine should take into account need to supplement existing theory of personal non-property rights with new elements that affect the status of a natural person as a participant in civil law relations.

The specifics of Internet user’s legal status in the context of his personal non-property rights when performing certain actions on the Internet is: in moment of occurrence the legal status of Internet user as a holder of personal non-property rights; in ensuring principle of equality of all Internet users, regardless of their status in the field of private or public law relations; in compliance with specific requirements for individualization of Internet user. It is determined that Internet user acts in the Internet environment through the complex of individualizing features which include: avatar, nickname, online style (image), text information (post), which accompanied by photos, videos, information that defines Internet user’s list of tastes, comments of Internet user are placed under posts of other users, digital signature on the Internet.

Key words: Internet user, personal non-property rights, right to family, right to name, right to respect for honor and dignity; the right to inviolability of business reputation, the right to freedom, the right to individuality, the right to personal papers, the right to secrecy of correspondence, the right to inviolability of the home, the right to freedom of movement, the right to freedom of association.
The place of the notary institution in the doctrine of the probate law in Ukraine: theoretical aspect
Authors: Nelin Oleksandr
Published: June 2021

The author studies some theoretical and practical issues of the notary system in the national legal doctrine of the probate law. It has been determined that the notary system plays an important part in regulating economic relations, provides steadiness and security in behaviour of participants of civil and hereditary relations, facilitates the decrease in the number of violations and eliminates objective conditions of their commission. This requires some scientific analysis of the basic issues, among which the important place is taken by the issues of notary activities in the legal regulation of hereditary relationships in Ukraine. In this connection grows the significance of studying the place of the notary institution in the doctrine of probate law in Ukraine.

Therefore, the author studies social relationships that arise in the context of notary activities, as well as the ones in connection with notarial acts between a notary public and testator (heir) and also between a notary public and state bodies.

Taking into consideration the modern realities, the conditions of using more strengthened notary potential should be created in the sphere of protection of civil rights and interests of both natural and legal entities with the purpose of building up a civil society of the country.

The notary institution may play a significant part in the judiciary reform in Ukraine as the solution of one of the main problems in judicial activity, i.e. consideration of all cases in a court judges’ jurisdiction, is impossible without decreasing the their workload. So, the important is the development of pre-court civil jurisdiction, where a more complete use of the positive potential of the notary institution in the sphere of the civil and probate laws belongs to.

In this context, the international experience demonstrates that certain regulations of the probate law in EU countries could be taken into account in the notary activities considering the issues of heirdom, as there are some problems in the legal mechanism of probate law realization in Ukraine.

The author analyses some novelties of the probate law in the country in accordance with the Civil Code of Ukraine (2003). The most novel are some provisions as to the forms of testament, secret will, spousal testamentary trust, probate contract, five determined categories of heirs-at-law, protection and management of inheritable property as well.

The modern trends of the probate law are considered within the framework of the national legislation adaptation to the EU law. Attention is drawn to a number of existing problems in the sphere of notary activity, elimination of which will not only help to provide inheritance rights, but also to successfully realize judicial reform in Ukraine.

Key words: notary system, notary activity, reform of the notary activity, probate law, testator, heir, doctrine of probate law.
Legal protection of forests in Kievan Rus
Authors: Yurkevich Mykhailo
Published: June 2021

The article considers the issues of legislative regulation in the ancient monument of law – Ruska Pravda, issues of forest protection in the territory of Kievan Rus, in order to form a general comprehensive concept of forest protection in Ukraine in different periods of state formation. The relevance of the study is justified by the change of economic, political, social and legal development of Ukraine, which influenced the transition from the monistic paradigm of legal reality research methodology to the pluralism of research paradigms and allows a new assessment of development of forest protection norms on the territory of Ukraine. The most important factors that led to the formation of forest protection legislation of Kievan Rus are highlighted. A comparative legal analysis of the Short and Spatial editions of Russkaya Pravda was carried out. It is established that the Spatial edition differs from the Short edition by a larger number of articles on the protection of forestry, which is due to the process of formation of feudal society and the need for more detailed regulation of property rights.

The features of this monument of law, which distinguished it from the legal acts created in subsequent periods, are indicated. Attention is drawn to the enshrinement in Russkaya Pravda of the norms of customary law, according to which «what is given by nature belongs to the whole society». Therefore, deforestation was not prohibited, but liability for theft of firewood was imposed by imposing a fine of 9 kunas, and for each cart with firewood – 2 kunas separately, while the law regulated fishing related to forests. The system of fines provided by Ruska Pravda for offenses related to forestry is described. Organizational principles of forest protection in Kievan Rus are considered. It is established that in this period there were no special organizational structures in this area and that law and order in the forests was provided by princely warriors with the participation of hunters.

Key words: «Russian Law», Kievan Rus, forest protection, forestry, liability for violation of forest protection norms, theft, fine.
The Role of NAD+ in Rejuvenating Human Body
Authors:   Biotechnology Kiosk, Biswas Shyamasri
Published: June 2021

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is a coenzyme and considered an essential cofactor in cellular bioenergetics and adaptive stress responses. It is present in all living cells and governs fundamental biological processes including energy production, DNA repair, gene expression, calcium-dependent secondary messenger signaling and also in immune-regulatory roles. NAD+ depletion has been a subject of intense research due to the reason that it is associated with hallmarks of aging and age-related diseases, such as metabolic disorders, cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. Recent studies have suggested that physiological and pharmacological interventions that elevate cellular NAD+ levels may slow or even reverse the aspects of aging and also delay the progression of age-related diseases. In this min-review, we have described the roles of NAD+ in relationships to aging and major age-related diseases. The emphasis is on the contribution of NAD+ depletion to aging along with strategies to modulate NAD+ metabolism through physiological and pharmacological pathways. Recent human clinical studies on NAD+ boosting are summarized. We have specifically addressed how boosting NAD+ levels could potentially play an important role as a promising therapeutic strategy to counter aging-associated pathologies and accelerated aging. Finally, a brief perspective on the future research direction is presented.
Implementasi Kebijakan Sistem Pelaporan Keuangan Berbasis Akrual di DPMPTSP Kota Palopo
Authors: Ginanjar Muh
Published: June 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis implementasi sistem pelaporan keuangan berbasis akrual pada Dinas Penanaman Modal dan Pelayanan Terpadu Satu Pintu (DPMPTSP) Kota Palopo. Konsep dalam penelitian ini ada dua yaitu: Sistem Pelaporan Akuntansi Berbasis Akrual dan Implementasi Kebijakan Sistem Akuntansi Berbasis Akrual (Edward George III). Teknik pengumpulan data penelitian ini menggunakan metode observasi, dokumentasi, dan wawancara dari lima orang informan. Metode analisis data penelitian menggunakan Model interaktif dari Miles dan Huberman yang terdiri dari:  (1) reduksi data; (2) pengumpulan data; (3) penyajian data; dan (4) penarikan atau verifikasi kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa implementasi sistem akuntansi berbasis akrual di DPMPTSP Kota Palopo sudah dilakukan dengan sangat memuaskan dan mendapatkan nilai implementasi akuntansi berbasis akrual sebesar 94.22%. Sedangkan untuk kualitas pelaporan keuangan sudah sesuai dengan aturan yang telah ditetapkan oleh pemerintah yang bertujuan untuk menghasilkan laporan keuangan yang lebih dipercaya, lebih akurat, komprehensif, dan relevan untuk pengambilan keputusan ekonomi, sosial, dan politik.
Sobre el desgaste de la ‘crítica’. Repercusiones de un texto de Peter Sloterdijk
Authors: Bornhauser Niklas
Published: June 2021

Comentario 1
¿Condenados a la repetición? La Habana, Washington, Miami y Moscú, de la Guerra Fría hasta hoy
Authors: Yordanov Radoslav
Published: June 2021

Este artículo ofrece una amplia revisión histórica de las sanciones económicas aplicadas por Estados Unidos en contra de Cuba, partiendo por la imposición del embargo parcial al comercio del 19 de octubre de 1960, continuando con un recuento histórico hasta la actualidad. Además, se hace una revisión comprehensiva de los variados debates académicos y políticos que siguieron de cerca los cambios pos-Guerra Fría en las actitudes y acciones de Estados Unidos hacia su vecino sureño, y que dan cuenta del pensamiento existente detrás de los centros de poder ubicados en Washington y Miami con respecto a las políticas estadounidenses hacia Cuba. El artículo también revisa los últimos desarrollos identificados, llevados a cabo bajo el presidente de Cuba Miguel Díaz-Canel, y durante el llamativo retorno de la dura retórica de la Guerra Fría, la que trasciende los límites del eje Washington-Miami-La Habana durante los últimos treinta años. Haciendo referencia a patrones históricos, el artículo concluye que la conjetura entre las recientes complicaciones de las relaciones EEUU-Cuba y la ambición de Moscú por reinstalar su posición previa como un factor internacional inevitable, permitirían a La Habana la oportunidad de recuperar, una vez más, el dudoso honor de convertirse en uno de los puntos centrales de la renovada coexistencia competitiva entre Estados Unidos y Rusia.
IN SEARCH OF REMEDY: MULTILATERAL INSTITUTIONS OF INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AND GLOBAL ECONOMY PROSPECTS IN THE AGE OF COVID-19
Authors:   Managing director of Department of international multilateral cooperation and integration, Russian union of Industrialists and Entrepreneurs, MIKHNEVICH SERGEY V. , KRASILNIKOV SERGEY R. ,   Managing director of Department of international bilateral cooperation, Russian union of Industrialists and Entrepreneurs
Published: June 2021

The authors gathered and analyzed the latest surveys and recommendations of major multilateral institutions of international cooperation (WTO, B20, UN, UNCTAD, IMF, ILO, OECD, WEF) dedicated to the possible ways and remedies to overcome the current social and economic crisis caused by COVID-19 pandemic. The authors also assessed the current stance and prospects of the world economy. They paid particular attention to the current trends in international trade and investment. As a result, the authors identified and classified some key concrete common ideas and proposals shared by various multilateral institutions of international cooperation and aimed at overcoming identified deficiencies of the global response to the crisis.
KEY PLAYERS IN THE ARCTIC — FROM SOCIALIST KOMBINATS TO COMPANIES — LEADERS OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
Authors:   Institute of Economics and Industrial Engineering, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, KRYUKOV VALERIY A. , NEFEDKIN VLADIMIR I. ,   Institute of Economics and Industrial Engineering, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: June 2021

The paternalistic model of the development of Arctic resources, based on large industrial and transport systems, developed in Soviet times and partly modernized during the privatization of the 1990s, is increasingly at odds with modern ideas about sustainable development. The role of leaders in the socio-economic development of the Russian Arctic can be assumed by large transnational and transregional corporations. This implies a transition to a new institutional model based on the participation of all key players in the Arctic projects, ensuring an equal dialogue and harmonization of the interests of the state, business and the local community.
ANALYSIS OF THE STATE, PROSPECTS AND PROBLEMS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF HYDROCARBON AND COAL RESOURCES IN THE ARCTIC IN CONNECTION WITH THE ECONOMIC, GEOPOLITICAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL REALITIES
Authors:   Oil and Gas Research Institute of RAS, BOGOYAVLENSKY VASILY I. , BOGOYAVLENSKY IGOR V. ,   Oil and Gas Research Institute of RAS
Published: June 2021

The current state of the production of fossil fuels in the Arctic has been analyzed. It is shown that the Rrealization of the high potential of the Arctic is impossible without the active promotion of high-tech developments of the “Fourth Industrial Revolution” (“Industry 4.0”). Extremely difficult natural and climatic conditions, remoteness from the main regions of consumption of mineral resources and an in-sufficient level of geological and geophysical study of the land and offshore areas of the Arctic hinder its development. The high level of vulnerability of the Arctic ecosystem is substantiated on specific examples. As a result of 7 years of research, the genesis of a previously unknown phenomenon of powerful explosive degassing of the Earth with the formation of giant craters is substantiated. It is substantiated that significant breakthroughs in various areas of industrial production and various scientific research are possible only at a new level of technical and technological development “Industry 4.0” at the levels of lithosphere-hydrosphere-atmosphere-space.
ARCTIC SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT DURING RUSSIAN CHAIRMANSHIP AT THE ARCTIC COUNCIL
Authors:   ANO Research and Expert Analysis Institute of Vnesheconombank (Bank for Development and Foreign Economic Affairs), ZVORYKINA JULIA V. , TETERYATNIKOV KIRILL S. ,   ANO Research and Expert Analysis Institute of Vnesheconombank (Bank for Development and Foreign Economic Affairs), PAVLOVSKY DANEK А. ,   MIEP of MGIMO (University)
Published: June 2021

The article is meant to analyze new opportunities of the forthcoming presidency of the Russian Federation in the Arctic Council designed to implement the Arctic Development Strategy of the Russian Federation, strengthen international cooperation and give a new impetus to largescale national and international sustainable development projects in the Arctic, focused on improving the resilience of the environment and population of the Council member states. The authors considered the approaches to formulation of sustainable development priorities in international law and Russian legislation, peculiarities of sustainable development projects in the Arctic, prospective directions of Russian chairmanship in the Arctic Council taking into account postpandemic development of the world economy. Relevant proposals and recommendations on specific areas of cooperation and major projects that could be implemented in the interests of all member states of the Arctic Council are given. A proposal for Arctic Development Bank foundation has been put forward and substantiated.
INVESTMENT PROJECTS AND TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE OF THE ARCTIC ZONE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Authors:   Institute of World Economy and International Relations of the Russian Academy of Sciences, GRIGORYEV MIKHAIL N.
Published: June 2021

The development of the Arctic zone of Russia is associated with the development of a transport system that provides not only the export of raw materials, but also the delivery of construction materials, equipment and cargo to support existing industries. In turn, investment projects for the development of natural resources determine the requirements for the development of the transport system. For the first time, a schematic diagram and a map of the transport system of the Arctic zone (rail, water and road transport), including the main communication routes and transport hubs, are presented. The main points of formation of the cargo base of mineral resources have been determined. The interdependence of the development of the transport system and the development of mineral resources of the Arctic zone is indicated. It was concluded that the development of transport infrastructure that solves production tasks allows, among other things, to improve the quality of life of the local population and the connectivity of the territories.
IMPROVING THE FINANCIAL AFFORDABILITY OF INSURANCE SERVICES FOR RUSSIAN EXPORTERS — SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED ENTERPRISES
Authors:   Insurance and Social Economics Department, Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, BRYZGALOV DENIS V. , OGRYZOV ANDREY A. ,   Department of Economic Development and Finance of the Government of the Russian Federation, TSYGANOV ALEXANDER A. ,   Department Insurance and Social Economics, Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation
Published: June 2021

The measures being developed to support Russian exporters should be effective and in demand by the exporters themselves. This means that a strategy for the financial affordability of products designed and implemented to support them should be developed for small and medium-sized enterprises. Much has been done in Russia before the crisis caused by the, state institutions for the support and development of export activities were created and operated, but their work needs to be improved in order to increase the export potential of small and medium enterprises. The article proposes and substantiates the basic principles of the program for ensuring the financial accessibility of insurance mechanisms to support the export of small and medium enterprises.
ANALYSING TECHNOLOGIES FOR THE COMPREHENSIVE DIGITALISATION OF HIGHTECH INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION IN AN «INDUSTRY 4.0» PARADIGM
Authors:   Moscow Aviation Institute (National Research University), ANDRIANOV ANTON M.
Published: June 2021

The author’s research focuses on the analysis of modern technologies of digitalization of high-tech production, actively developing within the paradigm of “Industry 4.0”, which is the basis for the ongoing Fourth Industrial Revolution. The study examines the concept, essence and application potential of such technologies as cyber-physical systems, Industrial Internet of Things, product lifecycle management systems, collaborative robots, Big Data analytics, artificial intelligence and 3D-printing. The profound interconnection and interplay of these technologies within real high-tech manufacturing reflects the systemic nature of the digital transformation of industrial structures, suggesting the importance of their harmonious and integrated application in line with the current level of enterprise automation.
FORMATION OF A TYPOLOGY OF CLUSTERS IN THE CONTEXT OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF HIGH-TECH INDUSTRIES
Authors:   Moscow Aviation Institute (National Research University), ANISIMOV KONSTANTIN V.
Published: June 2021

An important trend in the development of Russia’s modern innovation economy is the creation of clusters that integrate various types of scientific organizations, industrial enterprises, and infrastructure support organizations. The cluster structures that are being created become active innovation growth points for Russian regions, contributing to the development of the National Innovation System. At the same time, an important task is their systematization as a necessary stage in the development of the theory and practice of cluster building. In his study, the author develops a typology of clusters based on 10 classification attributes, including the degree of cluster maturity, its industry affiliation, type of production activities, etc. The developed typology can be used both as part of scientific research and as a practical tool in the implementation of the real cluster formation project. In the final part of the study, the author develops the definition of a new type of cluster structures-intellectual innovation and industrial cluster.
WORLD ECONOMIC SITUATION AND PROSPECTS: UN\DESA VIEW WITH SOME UPDATES FORM CMASF
Authors:   Institute for Economic Forecasting of the Russian Academy of Sciences, BELOUSOV DMITRY R. , APOKIN ALEXANDER YU. ,   Institute for Economic Forecasting of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: June 2021

UN\DESA report highlights the topic of recovery resilient to shocks such as COVID-19, and sums up the peculiar historic moment of 2020 as the worst growth in 90 years (–3.4% WGP). For the CIS region, the economic situation and prospects were drastically different depending on whether there was a fiscal buffer. Last year was not just the largest economic shock in the century, it has also posed two new global development challenges both for the world and for Russia.
METHODOLOGICAL FEATURES OF STRATEGIC PLANNING DEVELOPMENT INTRACITY TERRITORIES OF THE LARGEST CITY
Authors:   Economic Department, Yekaterinburg Сity Administration, PRYADEIN ALEXEY A. , KAZAKOVA NATALYA V. ,   Strategic Planning and Monitoring the Implementation of the Strategic Plan Division, Economic Department, Yekaterinburg Сity Administration
Published: June 2021

The article substantiates the need accounting the specifics of the inner-city territories in the strategic planning process for the largest city development. Based on the analysis of the Yekaterinburg experience, the elaboration stages of the district strategy are described. The conclusion about the importance of the methodological unity approaches in the process of formation and implementation of strategic and territorial planning documents is substantiated.
IMPROVEMENT OF MECHANISMS OF PUBLIC PARTICIPATION AS A KEY PROBLEM OF STRENGTHENING THE SUBJECTNESS OF RUSSIAN DEVELOPMENT
Authors:   Institute of Philosophy of the Russian Academy of Sciences, LEPSKIY VLADIMIR E. , MAXIMOV VITALY V. ,   TRANSPROEKT Group JSC
Published: June 2021

Russia’s ability to demonstrate own subjectness and become a world leader in the fight against COVID-19 can be viewed as a mobilization Russian civilization code. In the context of growing threats, it is necessary not to wait for this mobilization civilization code to work, but to form adequate mechanisms for proactively strengthening the subjectness of the country’s development and security. The basic technologies for destroying the subjectness of development and ensuring the security of Russia are considered. A system of ontologies is proposed that sets the basis for improving the mechanisms of public participation and public-private partnership in strengthening the subjectness of Russian development.
FOREIGN ECONOMIC ACTIVITY OF A MACROREGION AS AN ECONOMIC ACTIVITY THAT CONTRIBUTES TO REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT AND FAVORABLE CONDITIONS FOR ATTRACTING INVESTMENT
Authors:   Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, OVESHNIKOVA LYUDMILA V. , SIBIRSKAYA ELENA V. ,   Plekhanov Russian University of Economics
Published: June 2021

The foreign economic activity of macroregions acts as a form of competition, ьallows the use of economies of scale, expands the access of regional producers and consumers to world resources and markets, becomes an incentive for economic activity and an instrument for implementing the strategy of territorial development. The article studies the spatial characteristics and foreign economic potential of the Central Black Earth macroregion. The effectiveness of foreign trade activities of the macroregion is analyzed, the competitive positions of the foreign economic complex of the subjects of the Chernozem region are revealed. Particular attention is paid to attracting foreign capital and the development of innovative projects in the macro-region, as factors of economic activity and the expansion of foreign economic activity. The analysis made it possible to highlight the problems and determine the priority areas for ensuring the foreign trade self-sufficiency of the macroregion, which include the development of transport infrastructure, improving the investment climate, increasing the export potential, establishment of international cooperation in innovative projects of the macroregion.
CONSIDERING GLOBAL RISKS PRIORITIES AND GDP INDICATOR’S ROLE WITHIN THE CONTEXT OF THE WESP-2021 REPORT
Authors:   Institute of Economic Forecasting of the Russian Academy of Sciences, PORFIRIYEV BORIS N.
Published: June 2021

Contemplated and critically considered are priority assessments of the global risks provided in the UN and World Economic Forum reports. The enduring value of the GDP as a key quantitative metric of scale (“volume”) of the economy is emphasized.
GLOBAL MANAGEMENT OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC: SUCCESS OR FAILURE?
Authors:   Emmanuel College, University of Cambridge (UK), DAVID LANE
Published: June 2021

The paper summarises the extent and incidence of the Covid-19 pandemic and evaluates government policies in different countries. The consequences of lock-down policy are discussed. The most negatively affected groups of the population are the low-skilled workers and self-employed. Psychological welfare has seriously declined and provision of health services have deteriorated. Population density, age structure and state management strongly influence the spread and containment of the disease. State coordinated economies and social-democratic countries have managed the effects of the disease better than market coordinated economies, though there are important exceptions. A failure of some governments to provide sufficient reserve capacity of healthcare facilities indicates government policy failure. The paper suggests that a more focused policy of social isolation of people susceptible to coronavirus with less stringent lockdown measures would have significantly reduced social costs and increased public health benefits.
THE SITUATION LOOKS LESS URGENT, HOWEVER SOPPORTIVE MEASURES BECOME MORE INTENSE
Authors:   Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, ERSHOV MIKHAIL V.
Published: June 2021

The situation in the world economy is expected to improve. UN however gives quite alarming assessments saying that extraordinary situation requires extraordinary responses. Regulators are careful when assessing economic prospects as well. In some countries supportive measures are expanding, which confirms the fact that the economic situation is quite complex.
Trends of Publication in the Education and Practice Sections of the IJTMB: A Call to Action
Authors: Kennedy, DrPH Ann Blair
Published: June 2021

The scope of the IJTMB include not only publishing scientific research studies, but also to publish education innovation and practice-oriented approaches for all allied health providers whose practice include manually applied therapeutic massage and bodywork. The aims of the Practice and Education sections of the journal are described in this editorial. The Education section covers topics including curriculum and competencies development, instructional design and delivery, instructional technology, distance learning, and testing/evaluative procedures for both initial education as well as continuing education. Planning, organization, marketing, and management of a successful practice, the incorporation of new scientific findings and methods into clinical practice, new clinical approaches to prevention and treatment of specific health conditions, and ethical issues are included in the Practice section. In an effort to increase publication within these sections we have put forth this call to action. We invite educators and practitioners to submit manuscripts discussing innovations in massage therapy education, how schools and students dealt with the Covid-19 pandemic, practitioners and clients adapted to the pandemic, investigations of the massage therapy profession and about massage therapists, as well as interesting case studies.
The Organization of Cloud-scale Gas Density Structure: High-resolution CO versus 3.6 μm Brightness Contrasts in Nearby Galaxies
Authors: Meidt Sharon E. , Leroy Adam K. , Querejeta Miguel , Schinnerer Eva , Sun Jiayi , van der Wel Arjen , Emsellem Eric , Henshaw Jonathan , Hughes Annie , Kruijssen J. M. Diederik , Rosolowsky Erik , Schruba Andreas , Barnes Ashley , Bigiel Frank , Blanc Guillermo A. , Chevance Melanie , Cao Yixian , Dale Daniel A. , Faesi Christopher , Glover Simon C. O. , Grasha Kathryn , Groves Brent , Herrera Cynthia , Klessen Ralf S. , Kreckel Kathryn , Liu Daizhong , Pan Hsi-An , Pety Jerome , Saito Toshiki , Usero Antonio , Watkins Elizabeth , Williams Thomas G.
Published: June 2021

In this paper we examine the factors that shape the distribution of molecular gas surface densities on the 150 pc scale across 67 morphologically diverse star-forming galaxies in the PHANGS-ALMA CO (2–1) survey. Dividing each galaxy into radial bins, we measure molecular gas surface density contrasts, defined here as the ratio between a fixed high percentile of the CO distribution and a fixed reference level in each bin. This reference level captures the level of the faint CO floor that extends between bright filamentary features, while the intensity level of the higher percentile probes the structures visually associated with bright, dense interstellar medium features like spiral arms, bars, and filaments. We compare these contrasts to matched percentile-based measurements of the 3.6 μm emission measured using Spitzer/IRAC imaging, which trace the underlying stellar mass density. We find that the logarithms of CO contrasts on 150 pc scales are 3–4 times larger than, and positively correlated with, the logarithms of 3.6 μm contrasts probing smooth nonaxisymmetric stellar bar and spiral structures. The correlation appears steeper than linear, consistent with the compression of gas as it flows supersonically in response to large-scale stellar structures, even in the presence of weak or flocculent spiral arms. Stellar dynamical features appear to play an important role in setting the cloud-scale gas density in our galaxies, with gas self-gravity perhaps playing a weaker role in setting the 150 pc scale distribution of gas densities.
MMS Observations of Energized He+ Pickup Ions at Quasiperpendicular Shocks
Authors: Starkey M. J. , Fuselier S. A. , Desai M. I. , Schwartz S. J. , Russell C. T. , Wei H. , Madanian H. , Mukherjee J. , Wilson III L. B.
Published: June 2021

Accelerated He+ pickup ions (PUIs) downstream of quasiperpendicular shocks are studied as a function of the fast-mode Mach number (Mf) and shock obliquity (θ
Bn). We analyze 10 quasiperpendicular shocks with Mach numbers in the range [1, 7] observed by the Magnetospheric MultiScale (MMS) mission, and compare upstream and downstream He+ velocity distribution functions. For each shock event, we characterize the upstream PUI distribution and derive reduced 1D velocity distributions for the selected upstream and downstream intervals. We also compare the upstream-to-downstream ratio of spectral indices, computed from the He+ perpendicular distributions, to Mf and θ
Bn. We find a positive correlation of this spectral index ratio and Mf, which suggests that perpendicular energization of He+ PUIs is enhanced as the shock becomes stronger. These results inform modeling efforts of PUIs and shock-acceleration processes, particularly those taking place at the termination shock.
B2 0003+38A: A Classical Flat-spectrum Radio Quasar Hosted by a Rotation-dominated Galaxy with a Peculiar Massive Outflow
Authors: Zhao Qinyuan , Sun Luming , Shen Lu , Liu Guilin , Zhou Hongyan , Ji Tuo
Published: June 2021

We present a detailed analysis of the single-slit optical spectrum of the flat-spectrum radio quasar (FSRQ) B2 0003+38A, taken by the Echellette Spectrograph and Imager (ESI) on the Keck II telescope. This classical low-redshift FSRQ (z = 0.22911, as measured from the stellar absorption lines) remains underexplored in its emission lines, though its broadband continuum properties from radio to X-ray are well studied. After removing the unresolved quasar nucleus and the starlight from the host galaxy, we obtain a spatially resolved 2D spectrum, which clearly shows three components, indicating a rotating disk, an extended emission-line region (EELR), and an outflow. The bulk of the EELR, with a characteristic mass M
EELR ∼ 107
M
⊙, and redshifted by v
EELR ≈ 120 km s−1 with respect to the quasar systemic velocity, shows a one-sided structure stretching to a projected distance of r
EELR ∼ 20 kpc from the nucleus. The rotation curve of the rotating disk is consistent with that of a typical galactic disk, suggesting that the FSRQ is hosted by a disk galaxy. This conclusion is in accordance with the facts that strong absorption in the H i 21 cm line was previously observed, and that Na i
λ
λ5891, 5897 and Ca ii
λ
λ3934, 3969 doublets are detected in the optical ESI spectrum. B2 0003+38A will become the first FSRQ discovered to be hosted by a gas-rich disk galaxy, if this is confirmed by follow-up deep imaging and/or integral field unit mapping with a high spatial resolution. These observations will also help unravel the origin of the EELR.
Absorption of High-frequency Oscillations and Its Relation to Emissivity Reduction
Authors: Waidele Matthias , Roth Markus , Vigeesh Gangadharan , Glogowski Kolja
Published: June 2021

Sunspots are known to be strong absorbers of solar oscillation modal power. The most convincing way to demonstrate this is done via Fourier–Hankel decomposition (FHD), where the local oscillation field is separated into in- and outgoing waves, showing the reduction in power. Due to the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager’s high-cadence Doppler measurements, power absorption can be investigated at frequencies beyond the acoustic cutoff frequency. We perform an FHD on five sunspot regions and two quiet-Sun control regions and study the resulting absorption spectra α

ℓ
(ν), specifically at frequencies ν > 5.3 mHz. We observe an unreported high-frequency absorption feature, which only appears in the presence of a sunspot. This feature is confined to phase speeds of one-skip waves whose origins coincide with the sunspot’s center, with v
ph = 85.7 km s−1 in this case. By employing a fit to the absorption spectra at a constant phase speed, we find that the peak absorption strength

lies between 0.166 and 0.222 at a noise level of about 0.009 (5%). The well-known absorption along ridges at lower frequencies can reach up to

. Thus our finding in the absorption spectrum is weaker, but nevertheless significant. From first considerations regarding the energy budget of high-frequency waves, this observation can likely be explained by the reduction of emissivity within the sunspot. We derive a simple relation between emissivity and absorption. We conclude that sunspots yield a wave power absorption signature (for certain phase speeds only), which may help in understanding the effect of strong magnetic fields on convection and source excitation and potentially in understanding the general sunspot subsurface structure.
Cosmic-Ray Transport, Energy Loss, and Influence in the Multiphase Interstellar Medium
Authors: Bustard Chad , Zweibel Ellen G.
Published: June 2021

The bulk propagation speed of GeV-energy cosmic rays is limited by frequent scattering off hydromagnetic waves. Most galaxy evolution simulations that account for this confinement assume the gas is fully ionized and cosmic rays are well coupled to Alfvén waves; however, multiphase density inhomogeneities, frequently underresolved in galaxy evolution simulations, induce cosmic-ray collisions and ionization-dependent transport driven by cosmic-ray decoupling and elevated streaming speeds in partially neutral gas. How do cosmic rays navigate and influence such a medium, and can we constrain this transport with observations? In this paper, we simulate cosmic-ray fronts impinging upon idealized, partially neutral clouds and lognormally distributed clumps, with and without ionization-dependent transport. With these high-resolution simulations, we identify cloud interfaces as crucial regions where cosmic-ray fronts can develop a stairstep pressure gradient sufficient to collisionlessly generate waves, overcome ion–neutral damping, and exert a force on the cloud. We find that the acceleration of cold clouds is hindered by only a factor of a few when ionization-dependent transport is included, with additional dependencies on magnetic field strength and cloud dimensionality. We also probe how cosmic rays sample the background gas and quantify collisional losses. Hadronic gamma-ray emission maps are qualitatively different when ionization-dependent transport is included, but the overall luminosity varies by only a small factor, as the short cosmic-ray residence times in cold clouds are offset by the higher densities that cosmic rays sample.
On the Correlation between Hot Jupiters and Stellar Clustering: High-eccentricity Migration Induced by Stellar Flybys
Authors: Rodet Laetitia , Su Yubo , Lai Dong
Published: June 2021

A recent observational study suggests that the occurrence of hot Jupiters (HJs) around solar-type stars is correlated with stellar clustering. We study a new scenario for HJ formation, called “Flyby Induced High-e Migration,” that may help explain this correlation. In this scenario, stellar flybys excite the eccentricity and inclination of an outer companion (giant planet, brown dwarf, or low-mass star) at large distance (10–300 au), which then triggers high-e migration of an inner cold Jupiter (at a few astronomical units) through the combined effects of von Zeipel–Lidov–Kozai (ZLK) eccentricity oscillation and tidal dissipation. Using semianalytical calculations of the effective ZLK inclination window, together with numerical simulations of stellar flybys, we obtain the analytic estimate for the HJ occurrence rate in this formation scenario. We find that this “flyby induced high-e migration” could account for a significant fraction of the observed HJ population, although the result depends on several uncertain parameters, including the density and lifetime of birth stellar clusters, and the occurrence rate of the “cold Jupiter + outer companion” systems.
The McDonald Accelerating Stars Survey (MASS): Discovery of a Long-period Substellar Companion Orbiting the Old Solar Analog HD 47127
Authors: Bowler Brendan P. , Endl Michael , Cochran William D. , MacQueen Phillip J. , Crepp Justin R. , Doppmann Greg W. , Dulz Shannon , Brandt Timothy D. , Mirek Brandt G. , Li Yiting , Dupuy Trent J. , Franson Kyle , Kratter Kaitlin M. , Morley Caroline V. , Zhou Yifan
Published: June 2021

Brown dwarfs with well-determined ages, luminosities, and masses provide rare but valuable tests of low-temperature atmospheric and evolutionary models. We present the discovery and dynamical mass measurement of a substellar companion to HD 47127, an old (≈7–10 Gyr) G5 main-sequence star with a mass similar to the Sun. Radial velocities of the host star with the Harlan J. Smith Telescope uncovered a low-amplitude acceleration of 1.93 ± 0.08 m s−1 yr−1 based on 20 years of monitoring. We subsequently recovered a faint (ΔH = 13.14 ± 0.15 mag) comoving companion at 1.″95 (52 au) with follow-up Keck/NIRC2 adaptive optics imaging. The radial acceleration of HD 47127 together with its tangential acceleration from Hipparcos and Gaia EDR3 astrometry provide a direct measurement of the three-dimensional acceleration vector of the host star, enabling a dynamical mass constraint for HD 47127 B (67.5–177 M
Jup at 95% confidence) despite the small fractional orbital coverage of the observations. The absolute H-band magnitude of HD 47127 B is fainter than the benchmark T dwarfs HD 19467 B and Gl 229 B but brighter than Gl 758 B and HD 4113 C, suggesting a late-T spectral type. Altogether the mass limits for HD 47127 B from its dynamical mass and the substellar boundary imply a range of 67–78 M
Jup assuming it is single, although a preference for high masses of ≈100 M
Jup from dynamical constraints hints at the possibility that HD 47127 B could itself be a binary pair of brown dwarfs or that another massive companion resides closer in. Regardless, HD 47127 B will be an excellent target for more refined orbital and atmospheric characterization in the future.
Diversity and impacts of key grassland and forage arthropod pests in China and New Zealand: An overview of IPM and biosecurity opportunities
Authors: McNeill Mark R. , Tu Xiongbing , Ferguson Colin M. , Ban Liping , Hardwick Scott , Rong Zhang , Barratt Barbara I. P. , Zehua Zhang
Published: June 2021

For both New Zealand and China, agriculture is integral to the economy, supporting primary production in both intensive and extensive farming systems. Grasslands have important ecosystem and biodiversity functions, as well providing valuable grazing for livestock. However, production and persistence of grassland and forage species (e.g. alfalfa) is not only compromised by overgrazing, climate change and habitat fragmentation, but from a range of pests and diseases, which impose considerable costs on growers in lost production and income. Some of these pest species are native, but increasingly, international trade is seeing the rapid spread of exotic and invasive species. New Zealand and China are major trading partners with significant tourist flow between the two countries. This overview examines the importance of grasslands and alfalfa in both countries, the current knowledge on the associated insect pest complex and biocontrol options. Identifying similarities and contrasts in biology and impacts along with some prediction on the impact of invasive insect species, especially under climate change, are possible. However, it is suggested that coordinated longitudinal ecological research, carried out in both countries using sentinel grass and forage species, is critical to addressing gaps in our knowledge of biology and impact of potential pests, along with identifying opportunities for control, particularly using plant resistance or biological control.
Accompagner la participation sans l’imposer
Authors: Riegel Julie
Published: June 2021

Dans le cadre d’une recherche-action, Julie Riegel a suivi pas à pas la conception d’un abattoir mobile innovant par un groupe d’éleveur·euse·s, lesquel·le·s ont été accompagné·e·s par différent·e·s partenaires. Ce récit donne à voir les limites d’une injonction à participer dans des cadres formels et normatifs, il témoigne de la pluralité des façons de prendre part, de contribuer et de s’engager dans des projets communs.