bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enhancing administrative service delivery practices of local government: Experiences from Nepal
Authors: Kharel Suman , Raj Kharel Khom , Mani Upadhyaya Yadav , Raj Ghimire Shiva , Man Pradhan Prajwal
Published: July 2024

This study aims to examine the administrative service delivery practices within the local government of Nepal and explore the intricate perceptions of the interplay between governance, service delivery, and citizens. The objectives include understanding the contextual elements that shape states, addressing concerns of developing nations, emphasizing service delivery, prioritizing citizen viewpoints, and tackling governance issues. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach grounded on post-positivism, the study employs purposeful sampling to select rural municipalities in Nepal. Data collection involves a quantitative institutional survey to assess the current state of public administrative services, with survey respondents comprising service providers and citizens. The respondents reported higher levels of satisfaction with the efficiency, timeliness, and resource availability of administrative services. However, the study also revealed gaps and disparities in the knowledge and perceptions of administrative practices and governance among different respondent groups and ecological regions. Emphasizing the significant advantages of collaboration, decentralization, people-centric development, and meaningful engagement, the study highlights the need for further research and policy interventions to enhance public service delivery and governance of local government in Nepal.
Fundamentals of a personalized approach at different stages of newly diagnosed glaucoma
Authors: Zubasheva S. А. , Chernyakova T. V. , Baryshnikova D. A. , Kuroyedov A. V.
Published: July 2024

The review is focused on the adherence of glaucoma patients to the immediate start of treatment after the condition has been diagnosed. A personalized strategy, which includes the assessment of the patient's clinical and socio-economic status and the use of medications with proven efficacy, contributes to the formation of long-term adherence to therapy. In particular, the strategy combines preventive and diagnostic measures depending on the patient’s individual characteristics and involves their direct participation. Over 250 risk factors are known to reduce a patient’s adherence to treatment, whereas insufficient adherence can itself be considered as a risk factor for glaucoma progression. The asymptomatic course of the disease or the lack of a noticeable effect of drops instilled often cause the regimen to be violated, whilst the long-term therapy requires determination and self-control of the patient. Combined measures to improve the adherence are based on the specific needs of the patients and are consistent with their lifestyle. As a rule, the patients need special instruction, good means of communication with the doctor, simplified treatment regimens, and an adequate interaction with the public health facilities. Importantly, the therapy start depends not only on the level of intraocular pressure, but also on the stage of the glaucomatous process at which it was first diagnosed.
Scleral collagen crosslinking as a promising direction of sclera-strengthening treatment of progressive myopia
Authors: Iomdina E. N. , Tarutta E. P. , Markosyan G. A. , Papyan V. N. , Milash S. V.
Published: July 2024

The review presents recent research works on new technologies of scleral collagen crosslinking, a promising approach to sclerastrengthening treatment of progressive myopia. We assess the advantages and limitations of a number of experimental techniques of photochemical and medicinal crosslinking of the sclera, as well as donor tissue crosslinking aimed at optimizing the plastic material for sclera-strengthening surgery. Successful experiments and effective first clinical implementation results of the approach can be viewed as the basis for its further improvement and wider introduction of the technology into ophthalmological practice.
Artificial intelligence in ophthalmology: the present and the future
Authors: Neroev V. V. , Zaytseva O. V. , Petrov S. Yu. , Bragin A. A.
Published: July 2024

The medical industry is undergoing an active digital transformation, including the creation of electronic databases, cloud security systems, mobile health monitoring devices, and telemedicine tools. Artificial intelligence (AI), one of the most important technological achievements of the last decade, is gradually gaining momentum in various areas of practical medicine. The cutting edge of AI, neural networks, offers promising approaches to the improvement of clinical examination quality. The review presents data of studies focusing on the use of AI tools in the diagnosis of the most common ophthalmic diseases: diabetic retinopathy, macular degeneration, retinopathy of prematurity, glaucoma, cataracts, and ophthalmic oncology. We discuss both the advantages of neural networks in the diagnosis and monitoring of eye diseases, and outline the difficulties of their implementation, including ethical and legal conflicts.
An assessment of the thickness of the retinal nerve fiber layer around the optic disc using spectral domain optical coherence tomography in myopia patients at an industrial hospital in India
Authors: Patel A. , Chauhan N. S. , Sunov C. , Singh Ank. , Singh A.
Published: July 2024

Myopia is rising as a silent epidemic across the globe with marked ocular morbidity and pathological changes. The retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thinning is indicative of glaucomatous damage; it remains uncertain whether RNFL thickness would vary with the refractive status of the eye. It is therefore important to investigate whether any correlation exists between RNFL measurements and axial length/refractive error in myopia. Purpose. To assess the peripapillary RNFL thickness by spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and to determine the correlation between axial length and peripapillary RNFL thickness in myopia patients. Material and methods. A total of 100 patients (200 eyes) with low, moderate and high myopia (ave -3.58 ± 2.45 D) aged 15 to 40 years were examined to assess the peripapillary RNFL thickness by SD-OCT and to determine the correlation between axial length (AL) and peripapillary RNFL thickness myopia patients. Results. Average 360-degree RNFL thickness (mean ± SD) was 92.25 ± 10.04 μm. In the low myopic group this parameter was 98.82 ± 6.67 μm, in the moderate myopic group — 89.28±5.23 μm, and in the high myopic group — 78.54 ± 7.32 μm. The average 360-degree mean RNFL thickness in patients with AL < 24 mm was 100.06 ± 5.92 μm, in patients with AL between 24–26 mm — 89.48 ± 4.59 μm, and in patients with AL > 26 mm — 78.2 ± 6.77 μm. There was significant association between thinning of the average 360-degree RNFL thickness with increasing degree of myopia and AL (p < 0.0001). Conclusion. The study shows RNFL thickness decreases with increase in refractive error and increase in axial length of myopic eyes. The degree of myopia may affect the RNFL thickness differently.
Hyperreflective focuses as a biomarker of multiple sclerosis progression
Authors: Fursova A. Zh. , Zubkova M. Y. , Vasilyeva M. A. , Gamza Y. A. , Derbeneva A. S. , Nikulich I. F. , Malkova N. A. , Prokaeva A. I. , Pozdnyakova P. N.
Published: July 2024

Purpose: to identify the intraretinal hyperreflective foci (HRF), their specific characteristics, localization features and correlations with the duration of the disease, type of course and previous episodes of optic neuritis (ON) in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients using a high-resolution OCT scanning protocol. Materials and methods. The study included 160 patients (318 eyes) divided into 8 groups, i.e. Group 1: 44 eyes (13.84 %) — MS onset without a history of ON; Group 2: 30 eyes (9.43 %) — debut of MS with ON; Group 3: 56 eyes (17.61 %) — relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) lasting ≤ 10 years without ON; Group 4: 38 eyes (11.95 %) — RRMS lasting ≤ 10 years with ON; Group 5: 49 eyes (15.41  %) — RRMS lasting ˃ 10 years without ON; Group 6: 37 eyes (11.63 %) — RRMS lasting ˃ 10 years with ON; Group 7: 34 eyes (10.69 %) — secondary progressive MS (SPMS) without ON; Group 8: 30 eyes (9.43 %) — SPMS with ON. Results. HRF were identified in all groups, at the levels of both the outer nuclear layer (ONL) and the inner nuclear layer (INL). Their number increased depending on the duration, type of course, and the presence of ON history. The thickness of the inner layers of the retina corresponded to the average normative indicators in the group with the onset of MS without ON. In the SPMS group after ON, a decrease in the total thickness of ganglions retinal cells layer (GCL) and the inner plexiform layer (IPL) was noted, showing minimal values of both avGCL + IPL (65.83 ± 8.27 μm) and avRNFL (76.37 ± 6.94 μm). High inverse correlations were revealed between avGCL + IPL and the amount of GRF at the levels of ONL and INL (-0.82 and -0.85, respectively, p = 0.01). Conclusions. The presence and quantity of HRF can be considered as a prognostic non-invasive biomarker associated with the duration of MS and the history of ON, allowing one to visualize the penetration of microglia activated by immune cells into the unmyelinated part of the central nervous system, helpful in elucidating their role in the pathogenesis and progression of the disease.
Response of multipolar retinal neurons to photodamage in the experiment
Authors: Potapov A. V. , Varakuta E. Y. , Solonsky A. V. , Gerasimov A. V. , Zhdankina A. A. , Logvinov S. V.
Published: July 2024

Purpose: to assess the reaction of multipolar retinal neurons to light irradiation depending on the intensity and duration of exposure. Material and methods. Outbred sexually mature white rats (n = 50, 100 eyes) weighing 180–200 g were exposed to continuous round-the-clock light (200, 3,500 lux; 1, 2, 7, 14, 30 days). The control group consisted of 25 non-irradiated animals (50 eyes). Using semifine sections, colored with toluidine blue, we counted the number of neurons in the ganglionic layer with karyopyknosis, focal and total chromatolysis. In the optic nerve, the percentage of degeneratively altered axons and the number of nerve fibers with deformation of the myelin sheath were calculated. Ultrastructural changes in neurons were studied using a JEM-100 CX-II electron microscope. Results. In the first days of the experiment (1, 2 days), reactive and destructive changes in organelles are observed in the perikaryons of multipolar retinal neurons. The granular endoplasmic reticulum becomes fragmented, loses part of its ribosomes, and vacuoles of varied sizes are formed from its cisterns. With an increase in the duration of exposure (7–30 days), degradation processes are increasing, all the more so after high-intensity (3,500 lux) light irradiation. The photodamage causes changes in all components of the optic nerve and is characterized by a destruction of organelles, a decrease in the number of elements of the cytoskeleton in the axon, and myelin sheath splitting. Conclusion. Changes in multipolar neurons of the retina after photodamage are primarily related to the content and distribution of the chromatophilic substance and depend on the intensity and duration of illumination.
MULTIRESIDUE AND MULTICLASS DETERMINATION OF CURRENT-USE PESTICIDES (CUPs) IN WATER SAMPLES BY SPE AND UHPLC-MS/MS
Authors: Avellar Állisson , Prates Gabriel , Alves Larissa , Prestes Osmar , Adaime Martha , Zanella Renato
Published: July 2024

Given the extensive use of pesticides in modern times, residues are frequently detected in water samples. Therefore, this study developed and validated a method utilizing solid-phase extraction (SPE) with a polymeric sorbent for sample preparation in combination with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). The aim was to determine a variety of current-use pesticides (CUPs) in different types of water. The preconcentration step, employing the polymeric sorbent Oasis HLB (60 mg), combined with the high selectivity and sensitivity of the UHPLC-MS/MS analysis, enabled the multiclass determination of pesticide residues in water samples at very low concentrations. The proposed method underwent validation, demonstrating satisfactory linearity, precision, and accuracy. The accuracy results, determined through recovery assays at varying spike levels (0.04-0.4 µg L-1), ranged from 71 to 117%, with precision expressed as relative standard deviations consistently below 19%. The practical limits of detection and quantification for most compounds were 0.01 and 0.04 µg L-1, respectively. This method was effectively employed to analyze drinking water, artesian well water, dam water, and river water, leading to the detection of various pesticides at concentrations of up to 2.24 µg L-1.
Teacher migration in the Kaliningrad region and its impact on the exclave's economic security
Authors: Voloshenko Ksenia Yu. ,   Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Lialina Anna V. , Gumenyuk Lidiya G. ,   Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University,   Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University
Published: July 2024

The Kaliningrad region is one of the Russian Federation's subjects enjoying a considerable migration gain. At the end of 2021, it ranked fifth in the top 10 in positive net migration after Sevastopol, the Kaluga and the Leningrad regions, and the Republic of Adygea. However, the occupational and age composition of migrants does not fully meet the needs of its labour market, despite the region's active policy to attract and redeploy workforce. A relatively stable influx of teacher migrants and in-region training do not fill all available vacancies in the Kaliningrad region's education industry. The research problem from the economic security perspective is the scale of teacher migration, the correspondence of their qualifications and subject areas to the region's needs, their distribution within the region, and the effectiveness and efficiency of current resettlement support measures. The paper analyses the relocated teachers' and school principals' perception of factors and limitations of skilled migration, relocation support measures, features and challenges of settlement in the region based on the results of semi-structured biographical interviews conducted in the summer of 2022. The study identifies major strategies for teacher migration to the Kaliningrad region that determine the main possible scenarios for changes in its scale in view of the geography of donor regions and support measure development. Situational forecasting methods allowed for calculating the indicators for general education staff movement factoring in the influx of migrants and identifying the demand for teachers. This provided the basis for the assessment of achieved economic security. The study shows that ensuring the economic security of the exclave in education in the context of increasing migration is possible only given the implementation of active development measures and the use of internal human resources. This involves not so much the training of personnel as increased employment and retention, as well as the targeted attraction and settlement of teachers from the rest of Russia.
Regional and seasonal assessment of biases on high-resolution satellite precipitation estimations in peninsular Malaysia: 2011–2020
Authors: Chai Voon Hao , Chin Ren Jie , Ling Lloyd , Huang Yuk Feng , Soo Eugene Zhen Xiang
Published: July 2024

Satellite precipitation estimations (SPEs) have become important to estimate rainfall in remote and inaccessible areas. The study evaluates two high-resolution SPEs (IMERG and CHIRPS) in Peninsular Malaysia from 2011 to 2020. In situ rain gauge observation data were used as reference data, and a series of statistic indices were used to evaluate the performance of SPEs. In order to identify the source of error in the SPEs, an error decomposition technique was proposed whereby the bias is segregated into four different independent components. The study found that IMERG outperformed CHIRPS, with both satellites performing well in the east coast region but poor in the central region. A superior correlation between the SPEs and rain gauge observations was found during the northeast monsoon. The false bias has shown the widest range compared to other error components, indicating that it is the main contributor to the total bias of both SPEs in Peninsular Malaysia.
Prevalence and patterns of gender-based violence among adolescent girls fetching water in Peri-Urban Settings of Kinshasa, DR Congo
Authors: Mukiese Nlunda Jean-Marie , Geere Jo-Anne , Sangana Clémentine Biduaya , Konde Joêl Nkiama , Kiyombo Guillaume Mbela
Published: July 2024

In water-scarcity contexts, girls fetching water are exposed to gender-based violence (GBV), for which prevalence, types, and forms were unknown in the Peri-Urban Settings of Kinshasa. A cross-sectional study using multi-stage random sampling technique to select 684 adolescent girls was conducted to assess the extent of water scarcity and GBV affecting adolescent girls while fetching water. Findings indicate that 98.2% of adolescent girls were dealing with water shortage; 99.9% experienced at least one type of GBV, of which 97.1, 95.5, and 44.9% experienced sexual, psychological, and physical violence, respectively. Moral violence was more frequent at water points; physical violence in the household, while sexual violence was prevalent on the water route. Adolescent girls' age, weekly involvement in water collection, and distance were found to be the main factors associated with GBV, whereas reducing the number of daily round-trips, the distance travelled, and time devoted to water collection were found to be mitigating factors limiting GBV experience among adolescent girls. Policies promoting the at-home provision of water and community awareness-raising interventions will mitigate the GBV incidence.
How Artificial Intelligence Used for Legal Referencing?
Authors: Muhammaq Iqbal Baiquni
Published: July 2024

The use of artificial intelligence (AI) in the realm of law has become a significant focus in the evolution of legal technology. The optimization of AI in the utilization of legal references aims to enhance efficiency and accuracy in legal research and analysis processes. This research endeavors to examine how AI can be optimized for managing and leveraging available legal references. This study employs an interdisciplinary approach involving computer science, law, and information science. We will evaluate natural language processing and machine learning techniques that can be employed to recognize, categorize, and organize legal references. Furthermore, legal and ethical aspects concerning the use of AI in a legal context, including data privacy and security issues, will be considered. The outcomes of this research are expected to provide practical guidelines for legal professionals, researchers, and technology developers to harness AI optimally in utilizing legal references. By utilizing AI, it is anticipated that legal research processes can become faster, more accurate, and efficient, thereby supporting a fairer and more sustainable legal system in the future.
EXPLORING TRANSLANGUAGING PRACTICES IN PODCAST THE INDAH G SHOW
Authors: menghuan Mai ,   Student, Ika Nurhayani , Roosi Rusmawati
Published: July 2024

This research investigates translanguaging dynamics in the context of podcasts, focusing on the alternation between English and Indonesian languages. The study aims to uncover patterns, functions, and implications of language alternation in this digital communication medium. Employing a qualitative approach, podcast episodes are transcribed, translated, and analyzed to identify instances of translanguaging. The findings provide insights into the complex interplay of linguistic elements in podcast discourse and contribute to the understanding of sociolinguistic practices in the digital age.
OLANZAPINE FOR NAUSEA AND VOMITING IN VARIOUS ETIOLOGIES : A REVIEW
Authors: Kuswandi Nabila Aulia Yasmin ,   Faculty of Pharmacy, Airlangga University Surabaya, Indonesia, Yulistiani Yulistiani ,   Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia
Published: July 2024

Nausea is an unpleasant response followed by the risk of vomiting that results rapid forced ejection of gastric substance from the stomach upwards and out of the mouth. The Gastrointestinal tract, vestibular system, and thalamus are the sites that cause this event. Serotonin type 3 (5-HT3), Mu, neurokinin-1 (NK-1), kappa opioids, dopamine type 2 (D2) are CTZ receptors that cause emesis. 5-HT3 antagonists, antihistamines, and phenothiazines are common antiemetic agents. Olanzapine is an atypical antipsychotic second-generation medication with antiemetic properties. This article review used a classical method to identify studies related to the mechanism and efficacy of olanzapine as an antiemetic. The journal article related to olanzapine in nausea and vomiting that published on 2002 until 2022 for critical appraisal. The purpose of this literature review is to provide a review of antiemetics, especially olanzapine as a therapy option, as well as to evaluate the mechanism and efficacy of olanzapine. The activity of olanzapine with several receptors associated with nausea and vomiting suggests that it may have antiemetic activity. Olanzapine inhibits the 5-HT2C receptor, which is located near small intestine enterochromaffin cells and is required for the emetic response. In CINV therapy, research suggests combining olanzapine 10 mg with a 5-HT3 antagonist, NK-1 antagonist, dexamethasone. There is a lack of data in literature on the use of olanzapine in hyperemesis gravidarum. From the review we concluded that olanzapine can be considered for use as a therapy for the treatment of nausea and vomiting.
Evaluasi Penggunaan Antibiotik Pada Pasien COVID-19 Pneumonia di Ruangan ICU Dengan Metode ATC/DDD
Authors: Putra Oki Nugraha ,   Program Studi Farmasi, Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Hang Tuah, Surabaya, Indonesia, Purwaningtyas Mida , Oktaviani Caesilia Ratna ,   Rumah Sakit H. S Samsoeri Moertojoso, Surabaya, Indonesia,   Program Studi Farmasi, Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Hang Tuah, Surabaya, Indonesia
Published: July 2024

Introduction: Pneumonia is the most common secondary infection in COVID-19 with a high mortalityrate. Inaddition to antivirals, antibiotics are also given to treat patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. The use of antibioticsshould be evaluated to reduce the risk of side effects, treatment costs, and antibiotic resistance. Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of antibiotics for patients with COVID-19 pneumoniawho were treated in the intensive care unit (ICU) at the H.S Samsoeri Mertojoso Hospital, quantitativelyusingtheATC/DDD method. Methods: This study is a retrospective observational study using medical record data of patients with COVID-19pneumonia who were treated from January to July 2021. Data were taken from December 2021 to January2022. Antibiotic data were shown as DDD/100 patient-days and classified into Drug Utilization 90%(DU90%). Results: Twenty-two patients with COVID-19 pneumonia met the inclusion criteria. Based on the ATC/DDDmethod, the total value of DDD/100 patient-days was 126.44 DDD/100 patient-days with the most usedantibioticswere levofloxacin, meropenem, and cefoperazone-sulbactam of 58.33; 26.91; and 17.78 DDD/100 patient-days, respectively. Antibiotics included in the 90% DU classification were levofloxacin, meropenem, cefoperazone-sulbactam, moxifloxacin, and amikacin. All of them is broad spectrum antibiotics. Conclusion: Levofloxacin is the highest and ceftriaxone is the lowest of DDD/100 patient-days. It is necessarytoperiodically evaluate the use of antibiotics to minimize the overused and realize the rational use of antibiotics.
Faktor-Faktor Keterlaksanaan Merdeka Belajar Pada Program Studi TKR SMK N di Blitar
Authors: Sulistyono Budhi , Nurhadi Didik , Widiyanti Widiyanti
Published: July 2024

The implementation of Merdeka Belajar (MB) brings fundamental changes to Vocational High Schools (VHS). The MB curriculum that is implemented needs to be approached with a deep understanding of the concepts and processes. Thus, many factors influence its implementation. This research aims to analyze the factors in implementing independent learning in vocational schools. This research uses a qualitative approach with a multi-case study at two Public Vocational High Schools (PVHS) in Blitar through in-depth interviews supported by observation and documentation. The research results show that the independent curriculum implemented in PVHS has obstacles in the form of teacher misconceptions and difficulties in synchronizing the curriculum in Light Vehicle Engineering (LVE) with industry. The learning model used in LVE subjects to train students to work independently is PjBL. Meanwhile, guest teachers from industries are invited to provide training and insight to teachers and students. Furthermore, internships are carried out in LVE workshops and industry. Meanwhile, student competency tests are carried out involving the career center and school certification. LVE learning technology updates and graduate absorption also influence this. In conclusion, the implementation of the MB curriculum at VHS is determined by teacher awareness and leadership strategy choices.
Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran Sistem Rem Cakram dan Tromol Sepeda Motor Terhadap Minat Belajar Siswa SMK
Authors: Primartadi Aci , Suyitno Suyitno , Jatmoko Dwi
Published: July 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk adalah 1) Untuk mengembangkan media pembelajaran alat peraga guna  meningkatkan minat siswa pada sistem rem model disc break dan drum brake  di SMK PN 2 Purworejo. 2) Untuk mengetahui efektifitas media pembelajaran alat peraga bagi siswa pada mata pelajaran sistem rem 3) Untuk mengetahui media pembelajaran alat peraga bisa meningkatkan minat siswa pada mata pelajaran sistem rem. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Reseach and Development (R D) prosedur pengembangan media pembelajaran sistem rem cakram dan tromol meliputi, Analysis, Design, development, Implementation, Evaluation (ADDIE). Hasil penelitian ini  Pada minat belajar siswa menunjukan bahwa minat belajar siswa yang tidak menggunakan media rem cakram dan tromol dan yang menggunakan media rem cakram dan tromol. Perbandingan minat belajar siswa pada kelas kontrol dan kelas eksperimen dengan nilai rata-rata kelas kontrol 68,69%  dan nilai rata-rata kelas eksperimen71,88%.
Mengoptimalkan Penggunaan Youtube Sebagai Media Pembelajaran Untuk Meningkatkan Prestasi Belajar Siswa SMK
Authors: Warju Warju - , Ariyanto Sudirman Rizki , Umaroh Susi Tri , Pratama Muhammad Yandi , Nugraha Ata Syifa
Published: July 2024

This research aims to analyze the effectiveness of learning media and mathematical logic intelligence on student learning achievement. This research was a quasi-experimental type with a sample size of 68 students consisting of an experimental class and a control class of 34 students each. The data analysis method uses two-way Anova. The results of this study indicate that there are (1) differences in learning achievement between students who study using YouTube compared to e-books; (2) differences in learning achievement between students with high versus low mathematical logical intelligence; and (3) the interaction between learning media and mathematical logic intelligence on student learning achievement.
Pengembangan Perangkat Pembelajaran Materi Chasis Untuk Mendukung Implementasi Kurikulum Merdeka di SMK
Authors: Suhartanta Suhartanta , Wakid Muhkamad , Efendi Yosep
Published: July 2024

Abstract This research aims to develop chassis material learning tools that are able to train vehicle chassis system inspection, repair and maintenance skills for vocational school students in the Automotive Engineering Skills Program to support the implementation of the Merdeka Curriculum. This RD research was carried out at SMKN 2 Pengasih, namely on Class XI students of the Automotive Engineering Skills Program. The stages of developing learning tools consist of four phases, namely define, design, develop, and disseminate. The define stage includes literature study activities and field surveys for the purposes of problem identification and needs analysis; the design stage includes initial product design activities; the develop stage includes expert validation activities and product revision; while the disseminate stage includes product implementation activities in the field. Data collection techniques used include observation, documentation and questionnaire techniques. Data analysis uses quantitative and qualitative descriptive analysis techniques. The results of research and development show that the teaching modules, learning materials, LKPD, learning media and assessment instruments that have been developed are included in the very feasible category. The test results for all the independent curriculum learning tools obtained results of 93% (very good). Thus, the learning tools that have been developed are suitable for use in order to support the implementation of the Merdeka Curriculum in Vocational Schools. Key Words: Teaching Module; Vehicle Chassis; Merdeka Curriculum in Vocational Schools
On the effectiveness of using carbamide-based salt baths for low-temperature cyanidation of improved carbon and alloy steels
Authors: Kostin N. N. , Kolmykov V. I. , Kostin N. A. , Kolmykov D. V.
Published: July 2024

Purpose. A study of cyanidation of improved carbon and alloy steels of grades 30, 30HGT, 30H13 at a temperature of 550–580 °C was carried out in baths based on carbamide and sodium carbonate. Recommendations on the use of these baths for surface hardening of carbon and alloyed improved steels used for the manufacture of machine parts are formulated.

   Methods. The microstructure of the diffusion layer of steels on transverse sections was studied using a Quanta FEG – 650 electron scanning microscope with an EBCD focused ion beam microanalysis system. Cyanide wear tests were performed under friction conditions analogous to those of die tools. The wear resistance of the carbonitrided samples was investigated on a SMTs-2 friction machine. The tests were performed under both dry friction and boundary friction conditions.

   Results. The high efficiency of the proposed bath composition at a given temperature has been experimentally shown. As a result of cyanidation, modified layers saturated with solid inclusions (ε-phases) are formed on the surface of steels, characterized by high hardness, low coefficient of friction and high wear resistance.

   Conclusion. According to the results of the conducted research, it can be concluded that low-temperature cyanidation of improved steels of various grades can be carried out in cyanide-free salt baths. The optimal composition of the cyanide bath is 40% carbamide (NH2)2CO; 40 % soda ash Na2CO3 and 20 % NaCl table salt. The proposed bath does not contain toxic and scarce components, therefore it is environmentally safe and very cheap and can be used with great effect in machine-building, repair and tool industries.
Global Immune-Nutrition-Information Index Is Independent Prognostic Factor for Gastric Cancer Patients Who Received Curative Treatment
Authors: AOYAMA TORU , HASHIMOTO ITARU , MAEZAWA YUKIO , HARA KENTARO , YAMAMOTO SOSUKE , ESASHI RYUKI , TAMAGAWA AYAKO , CHO HARUHIKO , TANABE MIE , MORITA JYUNYA , NUMATA MASAKATSU , KAWAHARA SHINNOSUKE , OSHIMA TAKASHI , SAITO AYA , YUKAWA NORIO
Published: July 2024

Background/Aim: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the clinical impact of the Global Immune-Nutrition-Information Index (GINI) in patients with gastric cancer (GC) who received curative treatment and to clarify the potential of the GINI as a biomarker. Patients and Methods: Patients who underwent curative resection for GC at Yokohama City University between 2005 and 2020 were selected based on their medical records. The GINI was calculated as follows: GINI=[C-reactive protein × platelet × monocyte × neutrophil]/[albumin × lymphocyte]. Results: A total of 258 patients were included in this study. Of these, 169 patients were categorized into the GINI-low group and 89 into the GINI-high group using a cut-off value of 1,730. The three- and five-year overall survival (OS) rates were 86.4% and 78.4%, respectively, in the GINI-low group, and 66.4% and 58.3% in the GINI-high group (p<0.001). In a multivariate analysis for OS, the GINI was identified as an independent prognostic factor [hazard ratio (HR)=1.772; 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.053-2.979, p=0.031]. Similar results were observed for RFS. In addition, the GINI affected the perioperative clinical course, including postoperative surgical complications and postoperative adjuvant treatment. Conclusion: The GINI is a promising biomarker for the treatment and management of GC.
Multimodal Imaging, Including Laser Speckle Flowgraphy: A Case of Retinal Metastasis
Authors: MITAMURA MIZUHO , KASE SATORU , ISHIDA SUSUMU
Published: July 2024

Background/Aim: Intraocular metastases of systemic cancer are most frequently located in the choroid, followed by the iris and ciliary body, while retinal metastases are extremely rare. Here we present a case of retinal metastasis and analyze multimodal imaging. Case Report: A 66-year-old woman with a medical history of breast cancer 5 years earlier was referred to our Department struggling with blurry vision in her right eye. At initial examination, her best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 1.0 oculus dexter (OD). Fundus examination revealed a yellowish elevated lesion with irregular surface, measuring 2 papillary diameters, along with serous retinal detachment (SRD) on the temporal side of the optic disc. Optical coherence tomography showed SRD with an isointense nodule extending across all retinal layers. Fluorescein angiography showed hyperfluorescence and vigorous fluorescence leakage inside the tumor in the early and late phases, respectively. Indocyanine green angiography depicted feeder and drainage vessels within the mass. Laser speckle flowgraphy (LSFG) showed a cold signal inside the tumor. Based on these clinical findings, the mass was diagnosed as a retinal metastasis. Eight days after the initial visit, the patient underwent external beam radiation to the right eye. One month after the initial diagnosis, her BCVA was 0.7 OD, the tumor was localized, and SRD had decreased. LSFG indicated vascular remodeling with marginally warmer signals in the tumor. Conclusion: LSFG of the retinal metastasis showed a cold signal, suggesting low tumor blood flow velocity and that the tumor may have grown slowly. LSFG findings are likely to play a supportive role in clinical diagnosis and contribute to better understanding of pathogenesis in juxtapapillary tumors.
Alpha/Theta Neurofeedback Rehabilitation for Improving Attention and Working Memory in Female Students with Learning Disabilities
Authors: Nooripour Roghieh , Viki Maryam Ghanbari , Ghanbari Nikzad , Farmani Fardin , Emadi Farinaz
Published: July 2024

Learning disabilities (LDs) encompass a range of cognitive challenges that can significantly influence students' educational experiences and overall academic performance. This study aimed to investigate the effects of alpha/theta neurofeedback rehabilitation on attention and working memory in female students with learning disabilities. This study employed a quasi-experimental design with pre-tests, post-tests, and a two-month follow-up and included a control group. Convenience sampling was used to select 40 female students with learning disabilities referred to psychological clinics in Tehran during the 2020-2021 academic year. The participants were randomly assigned to the neurofeedback experimental group (n = 20) or the control group (n = 20). Three students from each group withdrew from the study, leaving 17 participants for the final analysis. Attention and working memory were assessed using the n-back task, Stroop test, and Reverse Stroop test. Data analysis involved mixed repeated ANOVA, independent t-tests, and chi-square tests. The findings revealed that alpha/theta neurofeedback rehabilitation improved all aspects of working memory and attention in female students with learning disabilities during the specified period. These improvements remained consistent during the two-month follow-up (p < 0.001). This study demonstrated that alpha/theta neurofeedback rehabilitation can potentially enhance the attention and working memory of female students with learning disabilities.
Feasibility of Monitoring Heart and Respiratory Rates Using Nonwearable Devices and Consistency of the Measured Parameters: Pilot Feasibility Study
Authors: Ikuta Kasumi , Aishima Miya , Noguchi-Watanabe Maiko , Fukui Sakiko
Published: July 2024

Background

As Japan is the world’s fastest-aging society with a declining population, it is challenging to secure human resources for care providers. Therefore, the Japanese government is promoting digital transformation and the use of nursing care equipment, including nonwearable devices that monitor heart and respiratory rates. However, the feasibility of monitoring heart and respiratory rates with nonwearable devices and the consistency of the rates measured have not been reported.

Objective

In this study, we focused on a sheet-type nonwearable device (Safety Sheep Sensor) introduced in many nursing homes. We evaluated the feasibility of monitoring heart rate (HR) and respiratory rate (RR) continuously using nonwearable devices and the consistency of the HR and RR measured.

Methods

A sheet-type nonwearable device that measured HR and RR every minute through body vibrations was placed under the mattress of each participant. The participants in study 1 were healthy individuals aged 20‐60 years (n=21), while those in study 2 were older adults living in multidwelling houses and required nursing care (n=20). The HR was measured using standard methods by the nurse and using the wearable device (Silmee Bar-type Lite sensor), and RR was measured by the nurse. The primary outcome was the mean difference in HR and RR between nonwearable devices and standard methods.

Results

The mean difference in HR was −0.32 (SD 3.12) in study 1 and 0.04 (SD: 3.98) in study 2; both the differences were within the predefined accepted discrepancies (<5 beats/min). The mean difference in RR was −0.98 (SD 3.01) in study 1 and −0.49 (SD 2.40) in study 2; both the differences were within the predefined accepted discrepancies (3 breaths/min).

Conclusions

HR and RR measurements obtained using the nonwearable devices and the standard method were similar. Continuous monitoring of vital signs using nonwearable devices can aid in the early detection of abnormal conditions in older people.
A Mixed Reality-based Tele-Supervised Ultrasound Education Platform on 5G network compared to Direct Supervision: Prospective Randomized Pilot Trial (Preprint)
Authors: Kim Minha , Son Meong Hi , Moon Suhyeon , Cha Won Chul , Jo Ik Joon , Yoon Hee
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND

Ultrasound education is transitioning from in-person training to remote methods using mixed reality (MR) and 5G networks. Previous studies are mainly experimental, lacking randomized controlled trials in direct training scenarios.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to compare an MR-based tele-supervised ultrasound education platform on private 5G networks with traditional in-person training for novice doctors.

METHODS

Conducted at a tertiary academic hospital from November to December 2023, the prospective randomized controlled pilot study assigned doctors without prior abdominal ultrasound education experience to either the tele-supervision group (TG; n = 20) or direct supervision group (DG; n = 20). Participants received a video lecture, conducted ultrasound on a phantom, and had 18 images scored by experts in a blinded manner. Doctors in TG communicated with a supervisor through a head-mounted display (HMD), while those in DG interacted with the supervisor directly. The primary outcomes were image quality scores. Procedure time, number of supervisor interventions, user experience using NASA-Task load index (NASA-TLX), System Usability Scale (SUS), and self-confidence through pre- and post-surveys were also assessed.

RESULTS

Image quality scores and procedure times were not significantly different between the groups. TG engaged in more educational interventions and reported lower NASA-TLX scores for mental demand, effort, and frustration, along with higher SUS scores (66.6 ± 9.1 vs. 60.2 ± 10.4).

CONCLUSIONS

Although no significant differences in scores were observed between groups, considerable differences in positive educational interactions, workload, and usability were evident. These findings emphasize the platform’s potential to enhance the ultrasound training experience, suggesting more interactive and efficient learning.

CLINICALTRIAL

ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT06171828
Supporting Weight Loss Among Parents of Children With a Disability: Lessons Learned From a Single-Arm Pilot Study (Preprint)
Authors: Wisniewski Payson , Depuy Julia , Kim Cassandra , Garrison Olivia , Jerome Gerald J
Published: July 2024

UNSTRUCTURED

This study assessed weight change in the parents of children with disabilities following a 12-week, remotely delivered weight loss program focused on lifestyle modifications and found a significant median weight reduction of 3 kg from baseline to week 12.
Safety of performing distal block in diabetic foot syndrome
Authors: Lysak Y.V. , Dmytriiev D.V.
Published: July 2024

Regional methods of anesthesia are widely used in surgical interventions on the lower limb, in particular on the foot. But to date, the risks associated with performing distal blocks in patients with diabetes are insufficiently studied. We analyzed the 30-day consequences of tibiocalcaneal nerve block in 88 patients who underwent surgery for diabetic foot syndrome. The obtained results indicate the absence of an increased risk of infectious and trophic complications in the block area in the group of patients who underwent tibiocalcaneal nerve block compared to those with popliteal nerve block and the group of spinal anesthesia. The frequency of repeated operations was not significantly different in all 3 groups.
Perempuan Tionghoa dalam Sejarah Olahraga Indonesia, 1908-1949: Dari Eksistensi hingga Memperjuangkan Kemerdekaan Indonesia
Authors: Shodiq Pasang Budy  All
Published: July 2024

This research explores the involvement of Chinese women in the history of sports in Indonesia from the Dutch East Indies period to the Indonesian Revolution. Chinese women, who have been received less attention in the history of Indonesian sports, actually have a role in the process of sports development in Indonesia. Their influence can be seen through how they interpreted sports differently in each era. This research employs historical method to explain women’s involvement in sports history in Indonesia, drawing from sources such as newspapers, photos, and other scholarly materials. The findings are analyzed using the social history approach to comprehend and illustrate the trends in Chinese women’s involvement in the history of sports in Indonesia. This topic introduces a new area in Indonesian historiography and can serve as a fresh point of reference for historians interested in the history of sports and the Chinese community in Indonesia.
The Quest for Fluency: English Language Challenges for Non-Native Learners
Authors: Rao M. Janardhana
Published: July 2024

English language acquisition presents challenges for non-native speakers worldwide. Despite its global significance, many encounter difficulties in mastering it. The colonial legacy has entrenched English as an international language, leading to its widespread use across various domains. However, in nations with diverse linguistic landscapes, attempts to promote English learning face hurdles. In the Indian education system, for instance, reforms aiming to enhance English proficiency have yielded limited success due to multifaceted reasons, including societal attitudes and educational priorities. The prevailing mindset often prioritizes core subjects over language learning, hindering students' progress. Moreover, learners grapple with fear, lack of confidence, grammatical complexities, pronunciation issues, and native language interference. Environmental factors, peer pressure, and inadequate teaching further exacerbate these challenges. Overcoming these obstacles requires a shift in attitudes, with recognition of the value of language subjects and concerted efforts to provide supportive learning environments. Emphasizing foundational grammar concepts and fostering holistic language skills development through listening, speaking, reading, and writing activities are crucial. Addressing these issues can enhance the efficacy of English language education and empower non-native speakers to navigate the linguistic demands of the modern world effectively.
Location Based Blood Donor Finding System
Authors: Kamble Vaibhav
Published: July 2024

Abstract: This research paper delineates the creation and execution of an application based on serverless architecture, aimed at simplifying blood donation by enabling location-based donor searches. The system primarily uses cloud services such as API Gateway, Lambda Functions, and DynamoDB on popular cloud platforms. Google Maps API integration provides a dynamic mapping solution for a better user experience. This application allows a donor and blood bank to register their details including her GPS coordinates, thus providing users with an efficient and real-time way to find a donor nearby. Serverless architecture ensures cost efficiency, scalability, and seamless management of resources. API Gateway and Lambda functions are us ed to create RESTful APIs and facilitate communication between applications and databases. The DynamoDB database is used to store donor information, ensuring data persistence, reliability, and easy retrieval. Users can use the application to search for donors based on their current location and view the results on an interactive map. The system optimizes the blood donation process by calculating and displaying important information such as distance to the donor’s location, direction, and estimated time of arrival.
Students' perceptions of the vermicompost as a potential contextual learning resources
Authors: Muhfahroyin M. , Zen Suharno
Published: July 2024

Biology learning must strengthen the character of students caring for the environment concerning general and domestic waste. Domestic waste in the form of fecal sludge is a contextual environmental problem that must be managed properly. Sludge still has a fairly high concentration of nutrient content that can be utilized. The purpose of this study was to determine students' perceptions of the benefits of vermicompost as a source of contextual biology learning. As many as 239 public and private junior high school students in Metro City participated in filling out the online questionnaire. The questionnaire was developed by referring to the environmental care character criteria from the student's perspective which includes five main indicators, namely concern for the environment, responsible attitude, student knowledge about vermicompost, student motivation for contextual learning, and commitment to developing vermicompost. Data were analyzed descriptively referring to the critical success factors (CSFs). The results of the research showed that there were 5 student perceptions regarding the character of caring for the environment, namely students gave a strongly agree perception of 38.31%, a agree perception of 41.06%, a somewhat agree perception of 18.19%, a disagree perception of 2 .04, and strongly disagree at 0.40%. Students' perceptions of their environmentally caring character are influenced by many factors, namely students' knowledge and understanding of human fecal sludge and its benefits, a sense of responsibility for environmental sustainability, and students' level of education. Those who understand environmental sustainability and the benefits of fecal sludge have the perception that fecal sludge can be utilized through vermicompost and this process can be utilized as a contextual learning resource.