bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Shear on the Properties of Rigid PVC
Authors: Shubbar Sawsan D. A.
Published: February 2024

The rheological and fusion behavior of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) compounds plays a dominant role inthe processing operations and in the development of physical properties in the processed material. Acomprehensive study was made in this work to evaluate the effect of shear and thermal history on stability, mechanical and rheological properties of rigid PVC compounds. Different samples of Rigid Poly vinyl chloride including dry blend powder, granules, and bottles molded from both were examined. A study was also made on recycled RPVC where 25% of reclaimed material was continuously blended with fresh dry blend and processed for 15 cycles. Results showed that compaction of the PVC material took place in the brabender plastograph at constant temperature and shear stress. Correlations were given to explain results concerning residual stability and rheological behavior. Furthermore, it was seen that elongation and tensile impact are dependent on shear history.
EFFECT OF COOLING RATE ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF EUTECTIC AND HYPOEUTECTIC Al-Si ALLOYS
Authors: Kadhim Zeyad D.
Published: February 2024

In this research the effect of cooling rate and mold type on mechanical properties of the eutecticand hypoeutectic (Al-Si) alloys has been studied. The alloys used in this research work were (Al- 12.6%Sialloy) and (Al- 7%Si alloy).The two alloys have been melted and poured in two types of molds withdifferent cooling rates. One of them was a sand mold and the other was metal mold. Mechanical tests(hardness, tensile test and impact test) were carried out on the specimens. Also the metallographicexamination was performed.It has been found that the values of hardness for the alloys(Al-12.6%Si and Al-7%Si) which poured inmetal mold is greater than the values of hardness for the same alloy when it poured in a heated metalmold at different temperatures or in sand mold. The strength and impact resistance for the alloys (Al-12.6%Si and Al-7%Si) are greater when these were poured in a metal molds than that when it poured in asand mold.Furthermore, the higher cooling rates enhance the strength, hardness and impact resistance for thetwo alloys, while the low cooling rates reduces these mechanical properties.The percentage of elongation and the amounts of formed porosity decreased when the cooling ratesincreased
Image Reconstruction Using Modified Hybrid Transform
Authors: Murtadha Sulaiman , Ibrahee Ali K.
Published: February 2024

In this paper, an algorithm for reconstruction of a completely lost blocks using ModifiedHybrid Transform. The algorithms examined in this paper do not require a DC estimationmethod or interpolation. The reconstruction achieved using matrix manipulation based onModified Hybrid transform. Also adopted in this paper smart matrix (Detection Matrix) to detectthe missing blocks for the purpose of rebuilding it. We further asses the performance of theModified Hybrid Transform in lost block reconstruction application. Also this paper discussesthe effect of using multiwavelet and 3D Radon in lost block reconstruction.
OPTIMAL DESIGN OF MODERATE THICK LAMINATED COMPOSITE PLATES UNDER STATIC CONSTRAINTS USING REAL CODING GENETIC ALGORITHM
Authors: Faidh-Allah Majid H. , Kadem Musaddiq A. M.
Published: February 2024

The objective of the current research is to find an optimum design of hybrid laminated moderate thick composite plates with static constraint. The stacking sequence and ply angle is required for optimization to achieve minimum deflection for hybrid laminated composite plates consist of glass and carbon long fibers reinforcements that impeded in epoxy matrix with known plates dimension and loading. The analysis of plate is by adopting the first-order shear deformation theory and using Navier's solution with Genetic Algorithm to approach the current objective. A program written with MATLAB to find best stacking sequence and ply angles that give minimum deflection, and the results comparing with ANSYS.
THEORETICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON THERMAL PERFORMANCE OF CLOSED WET COOLING TOWER
Authors: Jassim Najim A.
Published: February 2024

Thermal performance of closed wet cooling tower has been investigated experimentally and theoreticallyin this work. The theoretical model based on heat and mass transfer equations and heat and mass transfer balance equations which are established for steady state case. A new small indirect cooling tower was used for conducting experiments. The cooling capacity of cooling tower is 1 kW for an inlet water temperature of 38oC, a water mass velocity 2.3 kg/m2.s and an air wet bulb temperature of 26oC. This study investigates the relationship between saturation efficiency, cooling capacity and coefficient of performance of closed wet cooling tower versus different operating parameters such wet-bulb temperature, variable air-spray water flow ratio and cooling water inlet temperature. Results indicate that the capacity and saturation efficiency was found close to the related experimental results. Good agreement was obtained between the theoretical results and experimental measurements for the performance of small cooling tower.
SIMULATION MODEL FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF DIRECT AND INDIRECT GEOREFERENCING TECHNIQUES IN ANALYTICAL PHOTOGRAMMETRY
Authors: Alwan H. , Saleem B. , Khalid L.
Published: February 2024

This paper compares between the direct and indirect georeferencing techniques in Photogrammetry bases on a simulation model. A flight plan is designed which consists of three strips with nine overlapped images for each strip by a (Canon 500D) digital camera with a resolution of 15 Mega Pixels.

 

The triangulation computations are carried out by using (ERDAS LPS) software, and the direct measurements are taken directly on the simulated model to substitute using GPS/INS in real case. Two computational tests have been implemented to evaluate the positional accuracy for the whole model and the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) relating to (30) check points show that the indirect georeferencing is more accurate than the direct georeferencing. The computed RMSE of indirect georeferencing technique are (±0.0686 m., ± 0.0402 m.±, 0.3583 m.) in (X, Y, Z) respectively, while by direct georeferencing technique are (±0.1274 m., ± 0.1220 m., ± 0.5132 m.) in (X, Y, Z) respectively. Finally, the aim of this paper can be summarized as investigating the possibilities of using a simulation model to evaluate the applicability of direct and indirect georeferencing and analyzing the accuracy of both techniques.
Effect of Kerosene and Gasoline on Some Properties of High Performance Concrete
Authors: Al-Jalawi Nada Mahde , Atwan Dalia Shakir
Published: February 2024

During the last quarter century, many changes have taken place in the tanks industry and also in the materials that used in its production، while concrete is the most suitable material where concrete tanks has the benefits of strength, long service life and cost effectiveness. So, it is necessary improvement theconventional concrete in order to adapt the severe environment requirements and as a result highperformance concrete (HPC) was used. It is not fundamentally different from the concrete used in the past, although it usually contains fly ash, ground granulated blast furnace slag and silica fume, as well assuperplasticizer. So, the content of cementitious material is high and the water/cement ratio is low. In thisstudy, the silica fume and superplasticizer were used for obtaining HPC. This paper is an attempt to provide some information about effect kerosene and gasoline on some properties of HPC which can be used as storage tanks for petroleum products. The experimental work in this research including; slump test, weight loss test and compressive strength test were performed. The results of these investigations indicated that the petroleum products have unacceptable effects on the properties of concrete.
Tinjauan Hukum Islam Terhadap Praktik Ijbar Wali Di Desa Wotgalih Kec. Yosowilangun Kab. Lumajang
Authors: Ni'am Muhammad Alvin
Published: February 2024

Desa Wotgalih Kecamatan Yosowilangun Kabupaten Lumajang adalah salah satu desa yang sebagian masyarakatnya menerapan ijbar wali atau yang dimaksud dengan hak ijbar wali, bahkan sudah menjadi kebiasaan. Kasus yang terjadi di desa Wotgalih dalam praktik ijbar wali juga mengarah pada pernikahan paksa. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Analisis data dilakukan dengan cara kualitatif deskriptif. Hasil dari penelitian adalah Praktek Ijbar Wali di Desa Wotgalih diterapkan sesuai dengan hak ijbar wali, hak ijbar yang dilakukan wali terlebih dahulu meminta izin kepada anak yang akan dinikahkan walaupun dengan paksaan. Tinjauan Hukum Islam terhadap praktek Ijbar Wali di Desa Wotgalih sesuai dengan syariat Islam, karena perkawinan yang dilakukan atas dasar niat yang baik dan mengharapkan ridha Allah SWT. (Wotgalih Village, Yosowilangun District, Lumajang Regency is one of the villages where some of the people apply ijbar guardian or what is meant by ijbar guardian rights, it has even become a habit. The case that occurred in the village of Wotgalih in the practice of guardian ijbar also led to forced marriages. Data collection techniques using interviews, observation, and documentation. Data analysis was carried out by means of descriptive qualitative. The results of the research are that the practice of Ijbar Wali in Wotgalih Village is implemented in accordance with the right of Ijbar Wali in Wotgalih Village in accordance with Islamic law, because marriages are carried out on the basis of good intentions and give rise to the pleasure of Allah SWT).
IMPLEMENTASI KEBIJAKAN PERLINDUNGAN TERHADAP KORBAN TINDAK KEKERASAN DALAM RUMAH TANGGA (PKDRT) DI INDONESIA: TANTANGAN, PENCAPAIAN, DAN PROSPEK MASA DEPAN
Authors: Susantin Jamiliya
Published: February 2024

Abstrak

Tindak Kekerasan Dalam Rumah Tangga (PKDRT) di Indonesia, serta tantangan, pencapaian, dan prospek masa depannya. Tantangan utama meliputi rendahnya kesadaran masyarakat, kurangnya akses terhadap layanan perlindungan, dan kekurangan sumber daya manusia serta dana dalam sistem perlindungan. Meskipun demikian, adopsi Undang-Undang PKDRT dan peningkatan kerjasama antarinstansi menjadi pencapaian signifikan. Prospek masa depan menjanjikan perbaikan melalui peningkatan kapasitas dan kerjasama lintas sektoral, serta transformasi sosial melalui pendidikan dan pembangunan ekonomi inklusif. Langkah-langkah implementasi termasuk pembentukan tim gabungan, pelatihan dan penyuluhan, serta perbaikan kebijakan dan regulasi. Dengan komitmen yang kuat dan upaya bersama, diharapkan Indonesia dapat mengatasi tantangan PKDRT dengan lebih efektif, menciptakan lingkungan yang lebih aman dan sejahtera bagi semua warganya..
SIKAP ISTRI PADA LAKI-LAKI LAIN PERSPEKTIF K.H. A. BAHAUDIN NURSALIM AL-HAFIDZ
Authors: Affan Muhammad , Ali Ibnu , Tohir Ali
Published: February 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memahami sikap istri terhadap interaksi dengan laki-laki lain berdasarkan perspektif K.H. A. Bahaudin Nursalim Al-Hafidz. Metode penelitian deskriptif kualitatif digunakan dengan melibatkan istri yang telah menikah sebagai responden. Hasil penelitian menyoroti pentingnya menjaga batas-batas kesopanan dan kehormatan dalam hubungan suami istri serta faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi terbentuknya sikap terlalu ramah istri terhadap laki-laki lain. Solusi untuk mengatasi konflik terkait sikap tersebut meliputi pendisiplinan dalam mengarahkan pergaulan dan memberikan pendidikan yang bermoral. Dengan demikian, penelitian ini memberikan pemahaman yang lebih dalam tentang sikap istri dalam menjaga keutuhan rumah tangga.
TAFSIR KONTEMPORER DI INDONESIA (ANALISIS TERHADAP PENAFSIRAN JALALUDDIN RAKHMAT DALAM TAFSIR SUFI AL-FATIHAH)
Authors: Ali Akbar Guntur MUda Putra , M.Th.I Mujiburrohman
Published: February 2024

Tafsir sufi al-Fatihah karya Dr. Jalaluddin Rakhmat, diterbitkan pada tahun 1999 M, telah menjadi fokus penelitian ini. Meskipun sebelumnya dikenal karena kritiknya terhadap aliran sesat dalam bukunya "Aliran-Aliran Sesat", Jalaluddin Rakhmat tetap dianggap seorang pemikir yang terbuka, meskipun dikenal sebagai seorang Syiah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap epistemologi penafsiran yang digunakan olehnya, serta menganalisis hasil penafsiran dalam tafsir sufi al-Fatihah. Metode penelitian ini berfokus pada koherensi dan pragmatisme. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Jalaluddin Rakhmat cenderung menggunakan sumber riwayat dalam penafsiran, dengan metode penafsiran yang masuk dalam nalar quasi-kritis dan epistemologi tafsir klasik. Analisis terhadap hasil penafsiran mengungkapkan kelebihan seperti bahasa yang sederhana, penggabungan antara tafsir tematik dan sumber riwayat, serta komparasi antara Sunni dan Syiah. Namun, terdapat kekurangan dalam pengaruh Syiah yang dominan dan kualitas riwayat yang dipilih.
Analisis Advokasi Kebijakan Berhubungan Seks Suami Istri Secara Paksa Termasuk Kategori Tindak Pidana Pemerkosaan Dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2023 Tentang KUHP
Authors: Susantin Jamiliya , Fadli Farhan
Published: February 2024

Kebijakan berhubungan seks suami istri secara paksa termasuk kategori tindak pidana pemerkosaan dalam Undang – Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2023 Tentang KUHP adalah Undang – Undang yang muncul baru-baru ini disebabkan banyaknya kasus KDRT yang terjadi dalam rumah tangga yang memungkinkan adanya paksaan dalam hal hubungan seks oleh suami terhadap istrinya. Pada dasarnya, sudah terdapat undang-undang yang mengatur tentang tidak pidana pemerkosaan. Namun pada peraturan sebelum Undang-Undang No 1 Tahun Tahun 2023 Tentang KUHP, fokus pembahasanya hanya menerangkan bahwa tindak pidana pemerkosaan hanya terjadi apabila diluar hubungan perkawinan yang sah. Sehingga tindak pidana pemerkosaan dirasa tidak terjadi apabila tindakan tersebut dilakukan oleh sepasang suami istri yang memiliki hubungan perkawinan yang sah. Oleh karena itu pemerintah mengeluarkan undang-undang sebagai bentuk jaminan keselamatan istri, apabila suatu saat terdapat pengaduan tindak pemerkosaan yang dilakukan oleh suami terhadap istrinya dikarenakan penolakan istri untuk melakukan ajakan suami sehingga bagi suami yang melanggar ketentuan undang-undang, akan dikenakan sanksi hukum yang telah di tetapkan oleh pemerintah dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2023 Tentang KUHP.
Barriers to Entrepreneurial Intentions of Rural Women: A Case Study in North Western Province, Sri Lanka
Authors: Herath Lakmini K.
Published: February 2024

Micro and small-scale entrepreneurship is essential in alleviating poverty and promoting development. This study examines the statistically significant effect of sixteen barriers on rural women's entrepreneurial intention using primary data obtained through a structured questionnaire from 213 rural women who have participated in the North Western Province's Department of Rural Development's skills development program in Sri Lanka. Furthermore, this article examines the impact of demographic factors (age, marital status, highest level of education, number of children, and monthly household income) on rural women's entrepreneurial intentions using an analysis of variance. Findings indicated that lack of confidence in the business idea and lack of necessary practical details to start a firm have a statistically significant negative effect on entrepreneurial intention. Furthermore, marital status has a statistically significant impact on entrepreneurial intention. The study is critical because its findings fill a gap in the literature through quantitative analysis of the barriers facing rural women in entrepreneurial start-ups. It will aid in developing more effective government policies and planning decisions related to rural women's entrepreneurship development.
UKRN Primer - Community Engagement in Research
Authors: Network Reproducibility , Lautarescu Alexandra , McCabe Molly , Heraty Siofra
Published: February 2024

Community engagement in research is a complex topic, with approaches varying between disciplines. This primer is aimed at researchers, particularly those who are new to community engagement. Thus, community engagement is an integral part of open research, as ideally it should promote openness and equity in sharing power, information, and expertise between researchers and communities.
Effect of three nudges on self-assessments and future confidence of employees in a Colombian insurance company
Authors: Del Carpio Pedro Gustavo , Villa David , Pizan Katherine
Published: February 2024

The present study sought to evaluate the effect of three behavioral science-based treatments (Message, Feedback and the combination of both) on: 1) the differences between self-assessments and actual performance and 2) levels of confidence in future career. The results show a reduction in the gaps between self-assessments and actual performance in the Feedback and Message + Feedback treatments. Additionally, the study revealed that women present lower confidence in the future within the context of the experiment compared to men.
Unveiling the Uncharted Territory: Harnessing Gamma-Delta T Cells for Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Control
Authors: Jensen Aleksander
Published: February 2024

The global health challenge posed by Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) necessitates innovative strategies for combatting the virus and enhancing treatment outcomes. This research delves into the potential of gamma-delta (γδ) T cells in HIV control, with a specific focus on the less-explored facets of their functionality and untapped therapeutic capabilities. The paper comprehensively reviews current literature on γδ T cells, highlighting their distinctive features and their role in bridging innate and adaptive immune responses. Additionally, the study explores recent advancements in unraveling the elusive characteristics of these cells and their potential contribution to HIV control. The outcomes of this research propose promising avenues for leveraging γδ T cells in the ongoing efforts to combat HIV.
Impact of Adoptive Transfer of Allogeneic Gamma Delta T Cells on HIV Replication in a Humanized Mouse Model
Authors: Jensen Aleksander
Published: February 2024

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) poses an ongoing global health challenge, prompting the continuous exploration of innovative therapeutic strategies. This study delves into the adoptive transfer of allogeneic gamma delta (γδ) T cells and its repercussions on HIV replication using a humanized mouse model. The research aims to unravel the potential risks and benefits associated with this therapeutic approach, with a specific focus on its effects on viral load, immune response, and overall host health.
Reality Behind “One People, One Vote”：Redistricting Manipulation and Partisan Politics in the United States
Authors: Jiangli Su , Ruijie Wang
Published: February 2024

Although political parties are not mentioned in the U.S. Constitution, the two-party electoral system is well-established in American elections and gerrymandering naturally occurs to benefit the party that controls both a state’s legislative chambers and the governor’s office. Tracing the evolution of partisan gerrymandering and examining the gerrymandering practices, this research finds that redistricting manipulation enabled by two-party electoral system, is a tale as old as time and it has continued for over two hundred years, rising or falling depending on the intensity of partisan politics. In 21st century, political polarization and gerrymandering have been feeding off each other. When the redistricting process is manipulated by entrenched partisan gerrymanders, it has become counterproductive to fair representation, competitive election, and translating public will into policies. As long as the foxes are allowed to guard the hen houses, partisan politicians will continue to abuse “one person, one vote” principle and pick voters.
Improving accuracy in climate suitability modelling through indigenous knowledge of farmers
Authors: Zuza Emmanuel Junior , Ochu Erinma , Maseyk Kadmiel , Bhagwat Shonil A. , Chipeta Michael G , Emmott Andrew , Rawes Will , Araya Yoseph
Published: February 2024

Climate change is a major concern in Malawi, as it is projected to impact the stability of food production by affecting crop-suitable areas and yields. To facilitate the adaptation of local communities, climate suitability models are used to assess current and future crop areas for land use planning. However, these models often fail to consider indigenous knowledge (IK), which may be crucial in informing climate predictors used in the modelling exercises. This study aimed to assess the role of IK in helping to inform the selection of climate predictors for climate suitability modelling studies among macadamia farmers in Malawi. Using qualitative and quantitative data, the study found that local communities possess a wealth of knowledge about the climatic factors affecting macadamia agro-climate suitability. Factors such as moisture stress during the dry season, rainfall seasonality, higher temperatures, and strong winds were identified as crucial predictors. Empirical data analysis of the climate suitability models supported the farmers' perceptions. In addition, the study revealed that smallholder macadamia farmers can use their IK to inform their agricultural adaptation measures, such as mulching for moisture retention and windbreaks to protect macadamia trees from strong winds. Therefore, the study demonstrates the potential of IK in supplementing complex climate suitability models that can make them more meaningful, accurate, and area-specific. Incorporating such knowledge into climate suitability models can increase social, economic, and environmental resilience, mitigate risk, and strengthen the livelihoods of marginalised communities. The study suggests that research scientists and policymakers should revisit, support, and promote IK already present in these communities to foster more sustainable futures.
Adults with dyslexia use internalized beat cues less than controls when estimating interval length
Authors: Torres Nathércia Lima , Batista Ana Rita , Sousa José , Folia Vasiliki , Baltos Dimitris , Mesquita Ana , Silva Susana
Published: February 2024

Difficulties in both duration-based and beat-based time perception have been reported in individuals with dyslexia. It is also known that internalised beat cues may aid in the processing of durations. In the present study, we investigated whether the observed challenges in duration processing among individuals with dyslexia stem from their inability to utilise internal beat cues. Participants with vs. without dyslexia were asked to estimate the duration of intervals ranging from 500 ms to 10 s. In one condition (beat cue), participants listened to a sequence of 500 ms beats before the interval, and in the other they were exposed to silence (no beat cue), while their EEG was recorded. Beat cues enhanced the estimation of longer intervals and impaired that of shorter ones. Interestingly, the two groups did not differ in duration estimation performance, but they did differ in their utilisation of beat cues, with dyslexic adults showing less sensitivity to these, whether the impact was negative (cues before shorter intervals) or positive (before longer intervals). Additionally, the entrainment of brain waves to the target frequency (2 Hz) was significantly higher compared to entrainment to a non-target frequency (3.5 Hz), and cross-group differences were null. Our findings suggest that adults with dyslexia may have difficulties either in retaining the beat when it is no longer audible, or in using the internalised beat for duration estimation. Nevertheless, they seem capable of achieving the same estimation accuracy as neurotypical adults, possibly through compensatory strategies.
Ne parlons pas de l’affaire Dreyfus: Antisemitic riots and radicalization in Fin de Siècle France
Authors: Grau-Vilalta Pau , Hix Simon
Published: February 2024

There is mixed evidence on whether politically-motivated riots lead to more support for or a backlash against the political side perpetrating the violence. While most recent literature has focused on contemporary leftwing riots, and the role of parties in shaping public reactions, we look at rightwing riots in late 19\textsuperscript{th} century France, before mass parties. We use a combination of historical municipal-level election data and newly collected information on the location of antisemitic riots in early 1898, following the publication of Émile Zola’s \emph{J’Accuse} in the midst of the Dreyfus Affair. Using a difference-in-differences design -- comparing municipalities where riots occurred to those were riots did not -- we show that the riots caused a decline in support in the 1898 elections for rightwing candidates. This might at first seem like a backlash against the political positions of the rioters. However, we also find an increase in support for leftwing candidates who were endorsed by \emph{La Libre Parole}, a popular antisemitic newspaper that mainly endorsed candidates on the right. These results contribute valuable insights into understanding the consequences of political violence, suggesting that riots against an ethnic minority can have significant electoral implications, both for and against the side supporting the riots, and this effect already existed in the early years of democratic politics.
Young Men’s Anxiety Presentations to Australian Ambulance Services
Authors: Fisher Krista , Rice Simon , Scott Debbie , Lubman Dan I , Olive John , Ogeil Rowan , Beard Naomi , Nehme Ziad , Seidler Zac E.
Published: February 2024

Young men experiencing anxiety risk traversing traditional norms of masculinity, a tension that risks under-diagnosis – and by extension under-treatment. Within this context young men frequently present to ambulance services with acute psychosomatic anxiety symptoms implicating extensive, and resource exhaustive diagnostic tests to differentially diagnose and clinically manage potentially life-threatening conditions (i.e., myocardial infarction, dyspnoea, asthma, and stroke). This four-phase mixed-methods study developed and tested a coding framework to describe and interpret clusters within data from the Victorian arm of the Australian National Ambulance Surveillance System (NASS). Six-hundred-and ninety-four young men aged 15-25 years, with an anxiety-related ambulance attendance in 2019 were analysed in the present analyses. Study findings revealed that the most common clinical characteristics in young men’s anxiety presentations were psychosomatic symptoms, alcohol and drug use, and situational stressors. Three typologies for young men’s anxiety presentations, 1) ‘Psychosomatic-Anxiety,’ 2) ‘Anxious-Substance Use’ and 3) ‘Complex-Anxiety’ were evident across severities. Findings highlight the need for tailored assessments to effectively triage young men experiencing anxiety and engage them with appropriate mental health services.
Spatiotemporal Shift and Heterogeneity of Rain-on-Snow Events
Authors: Yeşilköy Serhan , Baydaroğlu Özlem
Published: February 2024

The rapid snowmelt that typically occurs after snow accumulates at low temperatures and precipitation develops at higher temperatures is a defining characteristic of rain-on-snow (ROS). In ROS events, the significance lies not only in the spatial variability of snow coverage but also in factors like snow depth, variations in rainfall over time and space, rates of snowmelt, topographic conditions, saturation of soil moisture, vegetation, and surface roughness. During ROS events, the swift release of melted snow water can result in flash floods and a substantial surge in runoff, which in turn can lead to the overflow or elevation of rivers and consequently severe inundation and flooding. This study reveals the climatology of ROS events and examines the connections between ROS events and surface runoff quantities, aiming to contribute to flood projections and snow research for Türkiye, specifically focusing on the regions in the north and east of the country that receive substantial snowfall and have previously encountered serious flooding. The findings indicate a decline in ROS events in the Eastern and Southeastern Anatolia regions, particularly throughout the past three decades, while there has been an increase in the Central and Western Black Sea regions. The decline in the quantity of ROS (rainfall over snow) in the Southeastern Anatolia region, which serves as the primary water source for Turkey, is a favorable outcome as it leads to a decrease in the risk of floods, a longer duration of snow cover, and the feeding of water resources. Given the rise in ROS events in the Central and Western Black Sea regions, it is imperative to formulate novel urbanization strategies to mitigate potential flood risks and minimize associated damages that consider the region’s topography, urbanization, and precipitation patterns. In addition, the results reveal a startling new trend: ROS events are shifting both spatially and temporally.
A numerical investigation on the suspended sediment dynamics and sediment budget in the Mekong Delta
Authors: THANH VO , Roelvink Dano , van der Wegen Mick , Reyns Johan , van der Spek Ad , Van Vinh Giap , Thi Phuong Linh Vo , Xuan Tu Le , Hieu Trung Nguyen
Published: February 2024

Fluvial sediment supply towards the coast has been the subject of extensive research. Important aspects relate to the impact of sediment retaining hydropower dams, potential delta progradation, coastal sediment supply and delta vulnerability to sea level rise. Once validated, process-based models provide a valuable tool to address these aspects and offer detailed information on sediment pathways, distribution and budget in specific systems. This study aims to advance the understanding of the sediment dynamics and sediment budget in the Mekong Delta system. We developed a process-based model (Delft3D FM) that allows coupling 2D area grids to 1D network grids. The flexible mesh describes both wide river sections and channel irrigation and drainage networks present in the Mekong Delta. We calibrated the model against observed discharge, salinity, suspended sediment concentration (SSC) and sediment flux. The model was able to skillfully describe seasonal variations of SSC and hysteresis of SSC and water discharge caused byTonle Sap Lake induced flow patterns and seasonally varying bed sediment availability in the channels. Model results suggest that the Mekong River delivers ~99 Mt/year of sediment at Kratie, towards the delta which is much lower than the common estimate of 160 Mt/year. About 23% of the modeled total sediment load at Kratie reaches the sea. Our modelling approach is a useful tool to assess sediment dynamics under strategic anthropogenic interventions or climate change scenarios.
The role of crustal anatexis in porphyry copper ore formation during flat-slab subduction: Insights from the Laramide Belt, SW USA
Authors: Lamont Thomas , Loader Matthew , Roberts Nick , Cooper Frances , Wilkinson Jamie , Bevan Dan , Elliott Tim , Kemp Anthony , Gorecki Adam , Gardiner Nick , Tapster Simon
Published: February 2024

The prevailing paradigm for the formation of porphyry copper deposits along convergent plate boundaries involves deep-crustal differentiation of metal-bearing juvenile magmas derived from the mantle-wedge above a subduction zone. However, many major porphyry districts formed during periods of flat-slab subduction when the mantle-wedge would have been reduced or absent, leaving unclear the source region of the ore-forming magmas. To resolve this paradox, we investigate deep crustal processes during the genesis of the Laramide Porphyry Province of Arizona, which formed between 80–50 Ma during flat-slab subduction of the Farallon Plate beneath North America. We show that: (1) Laramide granitic rocks have isotopic signatures implying a crustal origin suggesting that they were derived from Proterozoic aged crust; and (2) Proterozoic crustal rocks were pre-enriched in copper and underwent water fluxed anatexis between 73–60 Ma at a geothermal gradient of ~28°C/km, coincident with the zenith of granitic magmatism, porphyry genesis (73–56 Ma) and flat-slab subduction (75–65 Ma). To explain the formation of the Laramide Porphyry Province, we propose that volatiles derived from the leading edge of the Farallon flat-slab promoted anatexis of mafic (garnet pyroxenite and amphibolite) and felsic pre-enriched lower crust, without necessarily requiring significant juvenile mantle-wedge derived magmatism.
The Relationship Between Social Cognition and Cognitive Function in Aging
Authors: Leaver Echo , Denhart Brittany , Patterson Meredith
Published: February 2024

Broadly defined, social cognition refers to the way that people process social information such as one’s capacity to recognize and correctly identify emotional expression in others’ faces and the ability to recall emotional information. The study of social cognitive functioning in old age is of practical importance, as links between social cognition functioning have been linked to loneliness, negative health outcomes, and problems maintaining good relationships for older adults (Carton, Kessler & Pape, 1999; Henry, Phillips, Ruffman & Bailey, 2013). In the current study, age differences in cognitive and social cognitive function were examined. In order to examine this link, participants were presented with a battery of cognitive tests, a social skills inventory, and an emotional faces recognition task. Relationships between measures of cognitive function and measures of social cognitive function were examined. Younger adults performed better than older adults on measures of cognitive function, but not on the Social Skills Inventory (Riggio & Carmey, 2003). Both younger and older adults demonstrated a positivity effect when identifying emotions in faces; older adults to a greater extent. This indicates that while both age groups are better at recognizing positive versus negative emotions, older adults are differentially better at doing so. An important question, however, is whether this difference is driven by loss in ability to identify negative emotions or increased ability to process positive emotions. This study adds to our understanding of the complex interactions between gains and losses; competencies and deficiencies in older adulthood.
Concurrent consumption of cocoa flavanols and caffeine does not acutely modulate working memory and attention
Authors: Akyurek Elkan G. , Altinok Ahmet , Karabay Aytaç
Published: February 2024

Consumption of cocoa flavanols and caffeine might acutely enhance cognition, particularly in synergy. Due to the use of multifaceted tasks in prior research, it is unclear precisely which cognitive functions are implicated. We aimed to assess the acute effects of the (joint) ingestion of cocoa flavanols and caffeine on temporal attention, spatial attention, and working memory. In four separate sessions of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial, our participants consumed a placebo drink, a drink containing cocoa flavanols (415 mg), a drink containing caffeine (215 mg), and a drink containing both concurrently. In each session, after ingestion, we tested performance in three cognitive tasks. We tested temporal attention in a dual-target rapid serial visual presentation paradigm, known to elicit the attentional blink, in which the lag between the targets was manipulated. We measured spatial attention in a visual search task, where we varied the number of distractors that appeared simultaneously with the target. We tested working memory in a delayed recall task, in which the number of stimuli to be maintained was manipulated. We obtained the expected performance pattern in each task, but found no evidence for modulation of response accuracy or response times by the ingestion of either substance, nor of their combined ingestion, even in the most challenging task conditions. We conclude that, even when jointly ingested, neither the tested amount of cocoa flavanols nor caffeine have acute effects that are robustly measurable on cognitive tasks that target attention and working memory individually.
Less-is-More and Embodiment – How the Body Simplifies Cognition
Authors: Friedrich Jannis , Grove Patricia , Iskra Maša , Ittlinger Sandra , Koop Lisa , Raab Markus , Voigt Laura
Published: February 2024

Less-is-more describes a principle underlying decision making. Embodiment, on the other hand, argues that the body plays an important role in processes that have classically been characterized as mental. We argue that decision making is facilitated by reducing the amount of mental computation (less-is-more) through the exploitation of the constant stream of rich sensorimotor information (embodiment), a concept we call LIME. LIME argues that, via embodiment, computation is ‘constrained’ by and ‘off-loaded’ into the body. Constraining involves the body reducing the input or generated options before they enter into mental computation. Off-loading involves the body or the environment performing the computation. LIME underlies cognition generally, but is most accessibly demonstrated in sport phenomena, and we use this domain to sketch out the breadth of this concept in four case studies. LIME connects first principles of cognition to real life phenomena, providing a mechanics to ecological rationality and naturalistic behavior.
Triple Definition of Complexity
Authors: Zhang Xinyan
Published: February 2024

Complexity may not be defined or explained with entities and properties. Instead, a system is proposed ontologically, epistemologically, and semantically as the definition or explanation in this paper, with matter, energy and lives as its components, and with all its components defined as changes, which might improve upon our prediction in/with complexity.
Evaluating the effect of mandatory kilocalorie labelling on energy consumed in the out-of-home food sector: a pre vs. post-implementation observational study in England
Authors: Polden Megan , Jones Andrew , Essman Mike , Adams Jean , bishop tom rp , Burgoine Thomas , Sharp Stephen J , White Martin , Smith Richard , Donohue Aisling , Witkam Rozemarijn , Putra I Gusti Ngurah Edi , Brealey Jane , Robinson Eric
Published: February 2024

Objectives: In April 2022, mandatory kilocalorie (kcal) labelling in the out-of-home food sector (OHFS) was introduced as a policy to reduce obesity in England. The legislation required food outlets belonging to large (>250 employees) businesses in England selling food for immediate consumption to provide kcal labelling on all unpackaged food and non-alcoholic drinks. We examined whether the implementation of this policy was associated with a change in consumer behaviour in the OHFS. Design: Observational study.Setting: OHFS outlets subject to the policy in four areas of England. Participants: From August-December 2021 (pre-implementation) and August-December 2022 (post-implementation), researchers visited the same large OHFS outlets subject to kcal labelling legislation and conducted customer exit surveys. 6578 customers (3308 pre-implementation and 3270 post-implementation) from 330 outlets were surveyed. Main outcome measures: The number of kcals purchased and consumed by customers, customers' knowledge of the kcal content of their purchases, and the extent to which customers noticed and used kcal labelling. Results: At baseline, mean energy purchased (mean, M=1007 kcals, SD = 630) and consumed (M=909 kcals, SD = 548) per customer was high compared to national guidance. There were no changes in energy purchased pre vs. post-implementation (difference pre vs. post, B = 11.31, [95% CI: -27.15 to 49.77], p= 0.564) or consumed (B=18.51, [95% CI: -15.01 to 52.03], p= 0.279) for adjusted findings. Post-implementation, participants underestimated the energy content of their purchased meal less (B = 61.21, [95% CI: 21.57 to 100.86], p<0.001), were more likely to report noticing (odds ratio, OR post vs. pre = 2.25 [95% CI: 1.84 to 2.73], p<0.001) and using of kcal labelling (OR = 2.15 [95% CI: 1.62 to 2.85], p <0.001) compared to pre-implementation. Conclusions: The introduction of the mandatory kcal labelling policy in England was not associated with a significant decrease in the number of kcals purchased or consumed in OHFS outlets. Although a lack of compliance with labelling legislation found in previous research may have contributed to the lack of change in energy purchased and consumed observed in the present study. Improved accuracy of meal energy estimations and increased reporting of noticing and use of kcal labelling were observed and this may have wider public health implications. Registration: Study protocol and analysis strategy pre-registered on Open Science Framework (https://osf.io/pfnm6/).
Exploring the friendship experiences of autistic children in mainstream primary school
Authors: Fox Laura , Asbury Kathryn
Published: February 2024

Background & Aims: Autistic children can experience challenges in making and maintaining friendships, and middle childhood (ages 6-12) may be particularly challenging as social networks become more complex. However, a large proportion of research into these experiences is based on adult reports or focuses on the experiences of adolescents, meaning that the voices of younger children are absent. Due to the exclusion of younger children from research, we have a limited understanding of their first-hand experiences of their friendships and the support they receive, which has implications for friendship support and wellbeing. This study aimed to amplify the voices of younger autistic children to explore their first-hand experiences of friendships and highlight areas of social support which may be most beneficial to primary ages autistic children. Methods:This study used novel creative methods to support interviews with 19 autistic primary-school-aged children to explore their experiences of friendship. Parent-led interviews and scrapbooks supported the children in discussing the challenges and strengths of their friendships.Results:Children discussed the challenges and strengths of their friendships including the impact of social norms on the need to have friends and their support needs in this area of life. Children also discussed gaps in their current friendships and how they would like to see these filled. It was clear that not all children required or wanted neurotypical-style friendships, with many valuing companionship and gameplay over intimacy. Analysis highlighted the heterogeneity of autistic children’s friendships, especially in relation to gender and age, calling for more tailored and individualised support. Conclusion and Implications:Results from the current study show that autistic children can and do have successful friendships but that these friendships may differ from those of their non-autistic peers. The study further adds to the existing literature by showing that younger autistic children can be included in research by using differentiated, accessible and creative methods, and that they are able to voice their opinions on matters surrounding support. It also calls for a tailored approach to supporting autistic children in school and speaking with children to give them autonomy over the support they want to receive.
District Race Predicts Political Battles but Affluence Predicts Educational Disruptions: The Case of CRT and LGBT Issues
Authors: Trinidad Jose Eos , Jacob Jonathan
Published: February 2024

Qualitative studies of anti-CRT and LGBT organizing have shed light on contemporary political battles in US education. But few quantitative studies have investigated their extent and predictors. Using a nationally representative sample of school district leaders, we find that districts with majority White students had higher odds of experiencing both anti-CRT and LGBT issues. However, district affluence rather than race predicted educational disruptions like book removals and threats to educators and school boards. Notably, district location (i.e., suburban/rural vs. urban) did not predict political issues and educational disruptions, and smaller districts were less likely to experience these disruptions. Our explanation focused on racial composition, community capacity, and social cohesion contributes to understanding contemporary micro-politics of education.
Fernando Pessoa’s sonnets: Dislocations in form, persona and language
Authors: Pittella Carlos A.
Published: February 2024

Not widely known as a sonneteer, modernist poet Fernando Pessoa wrote enough sonnets to be considered prolific in that poetic form: in 2012, a total of 282 of his sonnets were known, including poems in Portuguese, English, French—and even one poem combining French and Portuguese. Since then, other sonnets have been transcribed from Pessoa’s archive, augmenting the published corpus to 312 poems. Approaching Pessoa’s sonnets as a privileged cross-section of the poet’s work, this article investigates the many dislocations—in form, persona, and language—they perform. Pessoa’s complex writing process, forming multiple intertextual webs, seems to be deeply informed by translation and other complex processes of migrating between languages. As an appendix, three previously unpublished English sonnets from 1933 are presented with critical apparatus.
Els industrials i polítics al primer terç del segle XX. El cas de Lluís Alfons Sedó (Industrialists and politicians in the early 20th century in Catalonia. The case of Lluís Alfons Sedó)
Authors: Esteve Josep Ràfols i
Published: February 2024

Aquesta tesi de màster sintetitza els coneixements existents sobre el paper que van tenir l’elit d’industrials catalans, que també feien de polítics, des de principis del segle XX fins els inicis de la Segona República. Qui eren, què volien, la seva procedència, el seu ideari, les seves relacions amb els sindicats i amb els polítics catalans de l’època, militància, participació en els partits monàrquics espanyols, en el catalanisme polític, o en el republicanisme. La seva implicació en els fets més destacats d’aquests temps històrics: la creació de patronals, pistolerisme. Els límits del seu poder per influir als governs de torn i la seva participació i responsabilitat en l’arribada de la Dictadura de Primo de Rivera. La figura de l’industrial i polític Lluís Alfons Sedó serà el referent concret de la investigació amb material històrics primaris. Lluís Sedó no és solament gerent de l’empresa Sedó S.A. en Comandita, sinó que és també secretari de la Cambra de Comerç de Barcelona, del Foment del Treball Nacional, de la Cambra Industrial de Barcelona. Té interessos en grans empreses metal·lúrgiques espanyoles, en els bancs espanyols tan importants com l’Urquijo. És home de la Lliga, senador per aquest partit, home de confiança de Cambó, i com a tal, Governador del Banc d’Espanya. És un industrial que fa de polític. ENGLISH abstract: This master's thesis synthesizes the existing knowledge about the role played by the elite of Catalan industrialists, who were also politicians, from the beginning of the 20th century until the beginning of the Second Republic. Who they were, what they wanted, their origin, their ideology, their relations with the trade unions and with the Catalan politicians of the time, militancy, participation in the Spanish monarchist parties, in political Catalanism, or in republicanism. Their involvement in the most prominent events of these historical times: the creation of employers, gun violence. The limits of their power to influence the governments of their turn and their participation and responsibility in the arrival of the Primo de Rivera Dictatorship. The figure of the industrialist and politician Lluís Alfons Sedó will be the concrete referent of this research with primary historical materials. Lluís Sedó is not only manager of the company Sedó S.A. in Comandita, but is also secretary of the Chamber of Commerce of Barcelona, of the Federation of Catalan Industrialist, of the Industrial Chamber of Barcelona. He has interests in large Spanish metallurgical companies, in Spanish banks as important as Urquijo. He is a member of the Lliga Regionalista de Catalunya, a senator for this party, a trusted man of Cambó, and as such, Governor of the Bank of Spain. He is an industrialist who is also a politician.)