bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
STATUS KERENTANAN Aedes aegypti TERHADAP INSEKTISIDA GOLONGAN ORGANOFOSFAT DAN PIRETROID DI INDONESIA
Authors: Ariati Jusniar , Perwitasari Dian , Marina Rina , Shinta Shinta , Lasut Doni , Nusa Roy , Musadad Anwar
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT

The long-term use of insecticides causes resistance to targeted insects, so that a study of its resistance in Indonesia is needed. A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the resistance status of Aedes aegypti to organophosphates and pyrethroids in 102 districts in 2015 with reference to WHO standard bioassay test. Sampling and testing of Ae. Aegypti  larvae from 100 houses were carried out from three area of each health center. Test results on 0.8% malathion revealed that 84% districts were resistant, 13% districts were tolerant, and 3% districts were vulnerable. The test results for temephos of 0.02% also found that 49% districts were resistant, 29% districts were tolerant and 22% districts were vulnerable. While for 0.05% cypermethrin insecticide test; 98% were resistant, and 1% was tolerant. The test on 0.025% alpha cypermethrin found that 40% were resistant, 51% were tolerant and 9% were vulnerable. Test on 0.025% deltamethrin found that  65% were resistant, 22% districts were tolerant and 14% districts were vulnerable. With the high resistance to organophosphate and pyrethroid groups, it is recommended to rearrange the application  of insecticide types in each region cyclically.

Keywords: Insecticides,  resistance, organophosphates, pyrethroid, Aedes aegypti

 

ABSTRAK

Penggunaan insektisida dalam jangka waktu lama menyebabkan resistensi terhadap serangga sasaran, sehingga diperlukan uji status kerentanan Ae.aegypti di Indonesia. Jenis penelitian  adalah deskriptif dengan desain potong lintang.  Pengambilan  sampel uji (jentik Ae. aegypti) dilakukan di 102 Kabupaten/kota di Indonesia pada 100  rumah di setiap tiga wilayah kerja puskesmas. Metode uji kerentanan menggunakan bioassay test standar WHO. Hasil uji terhadap  malathion 0,8% mendapatkan  86 (84%) kabupaten telah resisten,  13 kabupaten (13%) toleran dan 3 (3%) kabupaten  rentan. Hasil uji  terhadap  temephos 0,02% menunjukkan 50 (49%) kabupaten resisten, 30 (29%) kabupaten toleran dan 22 (22%) kabupaten rentan. Hasil uji insektisida sipermetrin 0,05%, sebanyak  100 (98%) kabupaten  resisten,  dan 1 (1%) kabupaten toleran. Hasil uji terhadap alfa sipermetrin 0,025%,  sebanyak 18 kabupaten (40%)   resisten,  23 (51%)  kabupaten toleran dan 4 (9%) kabupaten berstatus rentan. Hasil uji terhadap deltametrin 0,025% sebanyak 66 (65%) kabupaten  resisten, 22 (22%) kabupaten toleran dan 14 (14%) kabupaten rentan. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa telah terjadi resistensi terhadap insektisida golongan organofosfat dan piretroid. Disarankan untuk  mengganti kedua jenis insektisida tersebut di setiap wilayah yang teridentifikasi resitensi tinggi.

Kata kunci: Insektisida, resitensi, organofosfat, piretroid, aedes aegypti
Kepatuhan Masyarakat Minum Obat Pencegah Massal Filariasis (Kaki Gajah): Studi Kasus Desa Bilas, Kabupaten Tabalong
Authors: Juhairiyah Juhairiyah , Fakhrizal Deni , Hidayat Syarif , Indriyati Liestiana , Hairani Budi
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Filariasis (elephantiasis), huntut or tubab people lived in South Kalimantan often mentioned is an annual infectious disease and categorized as neglected tropical disease (NTD) caused by filarial worm. Filariasis is an endemic diseases in Tabalong District, especially Bilas Village. The selective and  Mass Drug Treatment have been conduct in Bilas village but  the village still decided as a  filariasis endemic area, so it  is necessary to study the compliance of the filariasis Mass Drug Assessment (MDA) consumption in the community to against filariasis incidences in Bilas Village. Study was held by Finger Blood Survey (SDJ) and interview using questionnaire about people’s obedience of filariasis MDA drug consumption. 341 responden have been interviewed and held by SDJ, 11 responden were positive filariasis B. malayi in Bilas village. The compliance of people consumed POPM drugs routinely of filariasis patients was only 20% and non patient were 21,64%. It was necessary to conduct a simultaneous MDA  with district coverage area accompanied by medical illumination and socialization to the community. Medication supervisors placed at POPM posts or home-to-home visits was needed to ensure medication is actually consumed by the community, it will be better if the MDA was consumed immediately in front of cadres/health officers.

Abstrak

Filariasis atau kaki gajah atau sering disebut dengan huntut atau tubab oleh masyarakat Kalimantan Selatan adalah penyakit menular menahun yang merupakan penyakit tropis terabaikan disebabkan oleh cacing filaria. Filariasis endemis di Kabupaten Tabalong, khususnya Desa Bilas. Pengobatan selektif dan pengobatan massal telah dilakukan  namun desa tersebut masih dinyatakan sebagai desa endemis sehingga perlu dilakukan penelitian terhadap kepatuhan masyarakat minum obat pencegah massal terhadap kejadian filariasis di Desa Bilas. Kegiatan yang dilakukan yaitu Survei Darah Jari (SDJ) dan kegiatan wawancara menggunakan kuesioner tentang kepatuhan meminum obat pencegah massal filariasis. Sebanyak 341 responden yang berhasil diwawancara dan dilakukan pemeriksaan darah jari, 11 orang diantaranya positif filariasis jenis parasit B. malayi di Desa Bilas. Kepatuhan masyarakat yang minum obat POPM secara rutin pada penderita hanya 20%, sedangkan pada non penderita sebanyak 21,64%. Perlu dilakukan pengobatan massal serentak sekabupaten disertai dengan sosialisasi dan penyuluhan tentang pengobatan massal kepada masyarakat. Kader pengawas minum obat yang ditempatkan di pos-pos pelaksanaan POPM atau kunjungan dari rumah ke rumah diperlukan untuk memastikan obat benar-benar diminum, akan lebih baik jika obat diminum langsung didepan kader/ petugas kesehatan.
Penggunaan Temephos di Rumah Tangga dan Pengaruhnya terhadap Kepadatan Jentik Aedes sp di Kelurahan Balaroa, Kota Palu
Authors: Kurniawan Ade , NURJANA MADE AGUS , SRIKANDI YUYUN
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Cases of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) have increased from year to year which has become a health problem in Indonesia. DHF vector control using chemicals, especially temephos, is still popular in the community compared to other controls and has received attention from most program managers because it is still effective in killing larvae of Aedes sp. The purpose of this study was to explore the use of temephos in the household and its relationship with the larva density of larvae of Aedes sp in the Balaroa village of Palu City with a cross sectional design Data collection was done by larva survey and interview using a structured questionnaire. The results of a study of 200 homes surveyed showed that households that used temephos were very few (19.5%), 97.4% of them used temephos correctly. Households that use temephos correctly, 65.8% of larvae densities are low, while 34.2% are still found to be high with the most use by housewives. Households in Balaroa Village use very little money to control dengue mosquitoes. It is necessary to increase the use of abate in the household through the dissemination of information about functions, and the practice of using temephos to the community, especially to housewives and improve the distribution system of temephos through posyandu activities or other activities.

Abstrak

Kasus Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) meningkat dari tahun ke tahun sehingga menjadi masalah kesehatan di Indonesia. Pengendalian vektor DBD menggunakan bahan kimia terutama temephos masih popular di masyarakat dibanding dengan pengendalian lain dan mendapat perhatian oleh sebagian besar pengelolah program karena masih efektif membunuh jentik Aedes sp. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengeksplor penggunaan temephos di rumah tangga dan hubungannya dengan kepadatan jentik Aedes spdi kelurahan Balaroa Kota Palu dengan desain cross sectional Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan survei jentik dan wawancara menggunakan kuesioner terstruktur. Hasil penelitian dari 200 rumah yang disurvei menunjukkan bahwa rumah tangga yang menggunakan temephos sangat sedikit (19,5%), 97,4% diantaranya menggunakan temephos dengan benar. Rumah tangga yang menggunakan temephos dengan benar, 65,8% angka kepadatan jentiknya rendah, sedangkan  34,2% masih ditemukan tinggi dengan penggunaan paling banyak oleh ibu rumah tangga. Rumah tangga di Kelurahan Balaroa sangat sedikit menggunakan temepos untuk mengendalikan nyamuk DBD. Perlu peningkatan penggunaan abate di rumah tangga melalui penyebarluasan informasi mengenai fungsi, dan praktik penggunaan temephos kepada masyarakat terutama pada ibu rumah tangga dan memperbaiki system distribusi temephos melalui kegiatan posyandu ataupun kegiatan lainnya.
Posiciones diversas: Aportes teórico-políticos sobre la diversidad
Authors: Patricia Oliva Barboza  , Andrey Badilla Solano
Published: January 2020

En este documento, se encuentra una serie de elementos teóricos y políticos para la comprensión, el debate y el estudio sobre la diversidad a partir de las visiones de activistas, teóricas y teóricos que han compartido sus reflexiones y vivencias. El documento está organizado en once secciones en las que se abordan los siguientes temas: los aportes de la teoría feminista y el concepto de cuerpo como zona de disputa; la patologización del cuerpo; patologización y diversidad; la patologización de la transexualidad; el biopoder o biopolítica y su relación con las comunidades diversas; las siglas LGBTI y su controversia: ¿son importantes para definirse y autorreconocerse, representan una inclusión real?; definiciones según el marco jurídico internacional, discriminación por sexo orientación, identidad y expresión; algunas ideas sobre las etiquetas y categorías de identificación de la diversidad sexual; un apartado sobre la propuesta de Eve Kosofsky sobre la comprensión de diversidad y una serie de reflexiones finales.
Saneamiento territorial y Seguridad: Grandes pendientes en las acciones institucionales a 10 años del proceso de lucha por la recuperación del territorio de Salitre
Authors: Mariana Delgado Morales
Published: January 2020

Esta ponencia de Mariana Delgado Morales, investigadora bribri del Centro de Investigación en Cultura y Desarrollo, de la Universidad Estatal a Distancia (UNED), mujer bribri recuperadora de territorio, integrante del Consejo Ditsö Iriria Ajkunuk Wakpa de Salitre, se realizó en el panel: Territorio y violencia en Salitre: Diez años de luchas indígenas y acciones institucionales, organizado por el CICDE y realizado el día miércoles 28 agosto en el Paraninfo Daniel Oduber en la Sede Central, en Mercedes de Montes de Oca.

Este panel es parte de un proyecto de reflexión más amplio del CICDE que se llevó a cabo durante el segundo semestre de este 2019, que consistió de un ciclo de actividades sobre temas de importancia coyuntural para el país, al cual hemos llamado: Hacia el 10° aniversario del CICDE y el Bicentenario de Costa Rica.

Junto a Mariana participaron como ponentes: la Dra. Damaris Vargas Vásquez de Subcomisión de Acceso a la Justicia de Pueblos Indígenas del Poder Judicial de la República de Costa Rica; la MSc. Xinia Zúñiga Muñoz, investigadora de la Universidad Estatal a Distancia; Suy Wong del Observatorio de Derechos Humanos y Autonomía Indígena ODHAIN, y Diana Murillo Murillo, Gerenta General del INDER.
PENGARUH LAYANAN TRANSPORTASI ONLINE (GOJEK) TERHADAP PERLUASAN LAPANGAN KERJA BAGI MASYARAKAT DI KOTA CIMAHI
Authors: Fakhriyah Prilalianty
Published: January 2020

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh layanan transportasi online terhadap perluasan lapangan kerja bagi masyarakat di Kota Cimahi. Penelitian ini menggunakan data kuantitatif untuk melihat pengaruh dari layanan transportasi online terhadap perluasan lapangan kerja. Data dikumpulkan dengan pertanyaan melalui kuesioner tertutup yaitu kuesioner yang sudah disediakan jawabannya sehingga responden tinggal memilih. Populasinya adalah seluruh driver Gojek yang ada di Kota Cimahi dan sampelnya adalah 45 driver Gojek dengan menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa terdapat pengaruh layanan transportasi online (Gojek) terhadap peningkatan pendapatan masyarakat di Kota Cimahi yang sebelumnya tidak memiliki pekerjaan. Hal ini dibuktikan oleh fakta bahwa keberadaan layanan transportasi online (Gojek) menjadi lahan pekerjaan baru yang dapat meningkatkan pendapatan mereka karena dari hasil jawaban kuesioner responden terhadap alasan mereka bergabung menjadi driver gojek adalah karena pendapatan mereka mengalami kenaikan setelah bergabung menjadi driver gojek. Rata-rata pendapatan para driver gojek bisa mencapai Rp3.500.000 per bulannya. Selain karena peluang peningkatan pendapatan, faktor lain yang memotivasi driver adalah fleksibilitas. Kebebasan driver dalam mengatur waktu untuk bekerja juga menjadi alasan driver bergabung di gojek. Tidak adanya aturan kerja yang terlalu memberatkan driver dan fleksibelnya dalam memutuskan kapan waktu untuk bekerja menjadi hal yang menarik bagi driver gojek.
Cellular phone usersâ€™ experiences towards online shopping
Authors: Suki Norazah Mohd
Published: January 2020

This study aims to examine cellular phone usersâ€™ motivating factors towards online shopping. 100 university students located in Klang Valley, Malaysia were involved as the respondents. They were required to complete a set of questionnaire and had to own a cellular phone in order to be selected as sample in this study. Three from five proposed hypotheses were supported: purchasing information, shopping utilities and service quality. As a result, marketers and retailers should concentrate more on the less important factors in order to encourage and create willingness of the consumers to purchase online. Recommendation for future research is also presented.
Environment Friendly Car: A study of Consumer Awareness with special reference to Maharashtra State
Authors: Joshi Nitin
Published: January 2020

The aim of the study is to understand the behaviour of the customer in the state of Maharashtra which is one of the most developed states of India. The study is being carried out to understand the customer awareness on environment friendly car (EFC). The objective of the study is to understand the awareness levels and create awareness of the EFC so that the efforts of the manufacturing the green car will be achieved. SPSS version 17.0 has been used for analysis of the data. 500 respondents have been asked to fill in a questionnaire. The study has been done keeping in mind age group and the geographical area of the respondents. With reference to the age group, it is observed that there is no significant difference in the awareness levels but with reference to the geography, it is observed that there is a significant difference in the awareness levels with reference to the EFC.
Social Entrepreneurs and the Vision to Build the Society with Ethical Sustainability
Authors: Mathur Ashish
Published: January 2020

Social entrepreneurs are related to the issues of social justice and fairness to the society taking the ventures in the public interest. This type of entrepreneurship is related to the promoting the activities on low profit or no profit to benefit the weaker sections in such a way that they are can live a better life. The leadership and decision-making have to be in the interest of society and for the future too. The world of social entrepreneurship is created by the values of self efficiency with the faith to build an honest world of hope and respect...the basic qualities guiding the social entrepreneurial behaviour to form the business empires depends on the quality of social and moral judgement supported by the social norms. The society in turn supports people who work for the benefit of human survival so that the future is built on the values of sustainability and trust and hope. The generations to come, need the resources for the growth of the society and civilisation as a whole. They should use them in such a way that they are able to build the source for sustainable management of resources and for the larger benefit of the society. The basic aim of the paper is to analyse the issues and trends associated with the social fairness and to frame a strategic base for the better design of the social entrepreneurship variables. The basic objective of this paper is to identify and build the entrepreneurship abilities that shape the social entrepreneurial behaviour.
Spiritual Leadership and Job Satisfaction: A Proposed Conceptual Framework
Authors: Yusof Juhaizi Mohd
Published: January 2020

The objective of this study is to propose a framework that relates spiritual leadership theories to job satisfaction in a multidimensional approach. The framework is designed based on the previous literatures. Spiritual leadership components that will be included in the study consist of vision, altruistic love, hope/faith, meaning, calling and membership. Job Descriptive Index (JDI) is adapted to measure job satisfaction. JDI provides five subscales that measure different facets of job satisfaction describing various aspects of the respondentâ€™s work experiences such as the work itself, pay/promotion, supervision, and coworkers. This study also included turnover intention in the framework to measure job dissatisfaction. In this study, nine hypotheses will be proposed based on the conceptual framework outlined.
Martingales, Efficient Market Hypothesis and Kolmogorovâ€™s Complexity Theory
Authors: Das Amaresh
Published: January 2020

Efficient market theory states that financial markets can process information instantly. Empirical observations have challenged the stricter form of the efficient market hypothesis (EMH). These empirical observations and theoretical considerations show that price changes are difficult to predict if one starts from the time series of price changes. This paper provides an explanation in terms of algorithmic complexity theory of Kolmogorov that makes a clearer connection between the efficient market hypothesis and the unpredictable character of stock returns.
A Multifactor Model of Banking Industry Stock Returns: An Emerging Market Perspective
Authors: Muneer Saqib , . Kashif Ur Rehman
Published: January 2020

The purpose of this study is to examine the stock returns variation to specific macroeconomic and industry variables by applying multi-factor model. The firms of banking industry were selected for this study on the basis of data availability, profitability and performance on the Karachi Stock Exchange. The data for the selected firms and economic variables obtained for the period of 10 years. Descriptive statistics performed for the temporal properties and GARCH model was used to analyze the risk and return relationship. The tests were applied on the stock returns of each firm and on the data set of the entire industry to generalize the results. The results reveal that market return is largely accounts variation in stock returns, however the inclusion of other economic variables has added to the explanatory power of the model. It is also found that industry stock returns are more responsive to changes in economic conditions than firm level stock returns.
The Impact of Schoolâ€™s Resource Center on Teaching and Learning Process
Authors: Hamidah Hamidah , . Abd Razak , . Yunus
Published: January 2020

The general objective of this study is to examine the impact of Schoolâ€™s Resource Center (SRC) on teaching and learning process among secondary school teachers. The specific objectives are; to identify factors influencing the utilization of the SRC and the problems associated with it. In general, 100 school teachers from three secondary schools in Tanjung Malim, Perak were selected as our respondents. Sample selection was made based on purposive sampling and the data obtained were processed by using quantitative method. The results obtained reported that, on average teachers used the SRC twice a week. The reasons for the usage are; to make use the printing and non-printing media available at the SRC, and to participate in various activities and programs organized at the center. In terms of problems, there was no indication on the presence of any serious problem except the SRC should sustain its resources. In particular, the SRC must continuously upgrade the collections of printing and non-printing media with most updated and contemporary issues. Apart of that, the SRC must make available technical assistant(s) to help out the SRC users (students and teachers) anytime needed. In terms of effect, the utilization of SRC encourages group study among students and this approach not only helped to improve students understanding and to inspire their reading interest, but also offered motivation to students in understanding the content of a particular subject better.
Barriers Affecting Contribution of Developing Countries Social Scientists in ISI Indexed Journals
Authors: Shirazi Ali
Published: January 2020

The decades leading to the third millennium was marked with concerted efforts by governments to raise their knowledge generation and contribution profile in the community of nations. Thus, all kinds of financial and promotional incentives have been offered to academics and researchers to publish papers in international journals, particularly ISI journals. It is argued that quantity and quality of articles published in ISI journals is an indication of scientific capabilities of a country and a yardstick for assessing its development. This research study aims to identify barriers that academics face in publishing papers in ISI social/humanity science journals. A questionnaire based on extensive literature review and a series of unstructured interviews was developed and tested. A stratified sampling method was used to collect data from academics of four social/humanity science faculties of a provincial university in the northwest of Iran. The findings revealed that respondentâ€™s perceived lack of proficiency in a foreign language, poor information technology infrastructure and inadequate access to international scientific databases and uncontrollable factors related to the nature of social science disciplines and political climate as the major barriers that prevent or de-motivate them to publish in ISI journals. The research findings were discussed and concluded, and recommendations were made to reduce or remove barriers to publishing in ISI journals.
Mentoring and its Effects on Turnover Intensions in Perspective of Pakistanâ€™s Telecom Sector
Authors: Hussain Syed Saad , . Ahsan Raza Jaffari , . Muhammad Wasiq Ejaz , . Asad Khattak , . Kashif Ur Rehman , Muhammad Aslam Khan
Published: January 2020

In todayâ€™s era of towering competition the retention of workforce is highly desirable for long term success of any organization. The employees serve as backbone for any organization and are responsible for attaining the laid down objectives of the organization. The ongoing study investigates the effects of mentoring on turnover intensions of employees working in telecom sector of Pakistan. Researchers retrieved data with the help of questionnaires based on five point likert scale from almost 300 employees working in telecom organizations of Pakistan. Multiple regressions were used to analyze the collected data. Result shows that mentoring mostly is negatively associated with turnover intension because employee was not satisfied with mentoring and commitment in employees is only due to experienced learning which helps to develop additional skills in employee.
Effect of Organizational Change on Employee Job Involvement: Mediating Role of Communication, Emotions and Psychological Contract
Authors: Khalid Arfan
Published: January 2020

The purpose of the current paper is to provide a conceptual framework for studying the impact of organizational change on employee job involvement while communication, emotions and psychological contract plays mediating role in this relationship. The current study conceptualize that organizational change followed by effective communication generate the positive emotions which ultimately increase the employee job involvement where as organizational change with ineffective communication causes negative emotions which results in low employee job involvement. The study also founds that organizational change may break the psychological contract between employee and employer which reduces the employee job involvement.
Jobs satisfaction mediates relationship between facets of job and citizenship behavior: a study of female employees of banking sector of Pakistan
Authors: Ahmed Ishfaq , . Sahar Latif Rana
Published: January 2020

Several articles have reported and discussed the job satisfaction and dissatisfaction of female workers in miscellaneous organizations. However, very few empirically-supported explanations have been given to explain how job satisfaction mediates the relationship between facets of job and citizenship behavior in banking sector of Pakistan and specially focusing on female employees. Probes into the explanations of determining how job satisfaction mediates the relationship between facets of job and citizenship behavior, the data were collected from female employees of banking sector of Pakistan. Total 200 self-administered questionnaires were distributed among the female staff of different banks. 188 completed questionnaire were received back with response rate of 94%. The participation in survey was voluntary and confidentiality of responses was ensured. Statistical analysis reveals that there exists significant relationship between facets of job (pay, promotion, supervisorâ€™s behavior and coworkerâ€™s behavior) and dependent variables (organizational citizenship behavior); likewise, job satisfaction mediates the relationship between facets of job and citizenship behavior. Limitations and future implementations of this research are also discussed.
Relationships among Service Quality, Customer Satisfaction and Customer Loyalty in Chain Restaurant
Authors: Tu Yu-Te , . Yu-Yi Chang
Published: January 2020

Chain restaurant is one of the fastest growing restaurants in the food service industry. In America, Service industry contributes about 60% of the annual GDP and 70% of new jobs. According to the statistics of Executive Yuan of Taiwan, the service industry contributes over 70% of the annual GDP in 2008. The ultimate goal for companies is to build customer loyalty. With loyal customers, companies can reduce the operating cost and acquisition expenses. An improvement of 5 percent in customer retention leads to an increase of 25 percent to 75 percent in profit. It costs more than five times as much to obtain a new customer than to keep an existing one. This initial study was from relevant literature, then set up research structure and hypotheses. Survey was employed, and respondents were from the customers of Taoban in Taiwan. There were 182 usable questionnaires to analyze descriptive statistics, reliability, validity, and SEM model. The research found that service quality significantly affects customer satisfaction, and customer satisfaction has strong impact on customer loyalty for the sample. Therefore, firms have to specifically focus on these factors in order to build a long-term and mutually profitability relationship with a customer and create loyalty as competitive advantages in the market.
Modeling Dividend Behavior in Pakistan
Authors: Haleem Fazli
Published: January 2020

This study examines the determinants of dividend policy by Lintner (1956) and Braittan (1966) and their extended versions to examine their relative significance in the Pakistani context. The sample consists of thirty-five firms in the overall manufacturing sector and three sub-sectors: textile, energy and chemicals the period 2007 to 2009. The analysis reveals that Lintner model is better than other models examined in the study and net profit and lag dividends are important determinants of dividend policy in Pakistani manufacturing sector. The depreciation and liquidity has significant impact on the dividend policy when included in the Lintner model while investment demand, interest rate, share price behavior and debt turn out to be insignificant. The results imply that for dividend decisions, past dividends, profits and depreciation matters and Lintner model fits the data well in case of manufacturing sector of Pakistan.
Innovative Process Management: A Strategic Weapon to Succeed in a Dynamic and Hyper Competitive Environment
Authors: Mir Imran Anwar
Published: January 2020

Various models have been developed to manage the innovative product development process. However, most of them are complex and add more cost in managing new product development process. In this study, we present a simple and cost effective model of innovative product development process management. The specialty of this model is that it logically demonstrates how integration of encouraging leader and innovative mind in new product development process (NPD) can make it efficient and cost effective. It also shows how leadership can fully concentrate on the first phase of NPD and how crossfunctional and innovative teams can be merged in a single team to develop a workable product.
The Effect of Market and Entrepreneurial Orientation on Firm Performance
Authors: Hafeez Salima , . Zafar Ullah Siddiqui , . Kashif Ur Rehman
Published: January 2020

Market orientation (MO) and Entrepreneurial orientation (EO) have gained the importance in todayâ€™s world. Now these two are considered the main sources in the increase of firm performance. A corelation analysis is performed to understand and determine whether the market orientation and entrepreneurial orientation is associated with the firm performance. The Past studies did not analyze the effect of MO and EO on the firm performance. The research design and methodology adopted is given together with the findings leading to the conclusions related to propositions concerning the variables. The data is collected from various reputed universities that are giving the business education. Entrepreneurial orientation and market orientation provides the basic knowledge about the organizational learning that enables the organization to achieve the high performance and to understand the values of customers (Liu et al, 2002). The paper draws on survey data from 100 students including male and female students. The results show that EO and MO are strongly co-related with dependent variable. However, a few recommendations and future research is also given.
Sources of Information for Social Studies Teachers and their Level of usage in Abeokuta, Ogun State Nigeria
Authors: Amos Adediran Adekunle
Published: January 2020

The study examined sources of information for teachers in social studies and their level of usage in secondary schools. The design of this study was descriptive of survey type. Data was collected from twentyfour (24) secondary schools and was randomly selected from Abeokuta north local government and Abeokuta south local government area of Ogun state, Nigeria. Ninety-seven (97) secondary schools female and male teachers of different age- grades, qualifications and experience were used as sample. Questionnaire was made use of for data collection. The questionnaire was the close-ended likert- type technique that expresses degree of agreement or disagreement with he supplied statement. Data was analyzed using standard deviation, students- t-test statistics, mean and rank order. The findings of the study revealed that, teachersâ€™ sources of information for social studies include reference materials, newspapers, journals, literary materials, historical monuments and artefacts, television, textbooks, resource person, magazines, pamphlet, bulletins and radio. Computer component, such as e-mail, file transfer protocol, World Wide Web (www) rarely used by social studies teachers. Recommendations were made which includes computer training be provided for social studies teachers at all level of education in Nigeria and modern information centers with integrated circuits and digital communication to link schools should be provided at local levels for the use of teachers, particularly for social studies teachers.
Organizational Environment Research: Methodology Proposed to a Higher Education Institution from Serra Gaucha
Authors: De Juliana Raquel , . Maria Emilia Camargo
Published: January 2020

The people who form them differentiate the organizations and it is because of that the competitiveness is fierce nowadays. The environment organization research is a formal method to evaluate the environment of a company and it is an important instrument to provide subsidies, which allow the constant improvement of the work environment. Therefore, we propose the study of the organizational environment through the construction of a research instrument applied to the teachers of the Department of Administration from a Higher Institution at Serra Gaucha. The objective is to identify the aspects related to the commitment in the accomplishment of the job and the improvement on the quality of the provided services and to verify if the punctuation of the factors diverges. After the application of the questionnaire, we can observe that the mean values of the opinion regarding the categories (Institutional Image, Institutional Politics, System of Assistance and Benefits, Organization Structure, Organization and Work Condition, Interpersonal Relationship, Leadership Behavior, Personal Satisfaction, Institutional Planning, Decisive Process, University Autonomy and Institutional Evaluation) of respondents is good, because the averages are, in most cases, above the value 3 (the scale ranges from 1 to 5). The one that had an average below 3 was referred to the decision process. The mean general was 3.6. We can observe that the mean values of the opinion regarding the categories of respondents are good, because the averages are, in most cases, above the value 3 (the scale ranges from 1 to 5). The one that had an average below 3 was referred to the decision process. The mean general of respondents was 3.6.
Income Smoothing and CEO Job Security
Authors: Charfeddine Lanouar
Published: January 2020

The purpose of this paper is to examine the link between income smoothing and CEO tenure on a sample of 271 U.S companies over the period 1993 to 2003. Moreover, in order to test the extent of income smoothing for job security and specifically for a lengthen tenure; we also have considered some CEOs characteristics such as age and tenure. Empirical results of Wilcoxon statistics and discriminating analysis show that when the current (future) performance is good, the CEOs find the sufficient margins to manage the earnings to leave in reserve for the future performance (or borrow for the current performance). In addition, the results of the multivariate model show that the CEO smooth the income by decreasing accruals, so they shift current earnings to future periods when current earnings is high and future earnings is low to lengthen their tenure.
Analyzing the Influence of Organizational Culture on New Service Design: Case Studies from Turkey
Authors: Calipinar Hatice
Published: January 2020

The process of economic evolution from agriculture to manufacturing is now turning to the service industry. Studies in recent years show that the service sector comprises the major share of the developed countries in the last few decades. As an expanding sector, it is inevitable that new services will be introduced to the processes of a company. Moreover, new service design is likely to be influenced by the culture of the organization. In this study, the effects of the culture on new service design are examined. In order to analyze the effects, a detailed literature review on new service design was prepared. Two case studies, which mainly exemplify new service design, were analyzed in-depth, screened, and examined in the study. Based on prior research and field studies, a conceptual framework and a regional study, which merit further research, are offered in this paper.
A Comparison between Islamic Banking and Conventional Banking Sector in Pakistan
Authors: Quresh Abdul Hafeez , . Kashif Ur Rehman
Published: January 2020

The Islamic banking system is attaining enormous development. Several modern international conventional banks were also enchanting significant concern and starting Islamic banking branches in their organizations, which work in compliance with the specific Islamic Shariah principles in a number of states of Pakistan. The Islamic banking structure is bizarrely facing gigantic contest by the Islamic banking sector all over the world as well as from the well-known International commercial banks that hold out services and products of IB. It is an attempt for exploration and investigation of the extensive and essential factors, which persuade consumers to choose the Islamic banking or conventional banking and the function of demographic features, which track consumers to the assortment of IB or CB in Pakistan. Sample of 341 respondents has been used in this study mainly focused on non-probability convenience test tool. Pre-institute 5 point likert survey instrument ranging from 5 to 1 was applied to gather data. The conclusion reveals that there are countless factors other than religious perception like employee and customer interactions, convenience, reputation, financial benefits & services, and technology, which are fundamental for the consumers for the assortment of Islamic or conventional banking. The demographic characteristics of the respondents also have a significant impact. The authors expect that the crux of this study will explore new ways for the Islamic banking system to emphasis on specific emerging factors to enhance the efficiency and performance of the Islamic banking system in Pakistan. There will be enormous advantage for executives of IBs & CBs in developing marketing approach.
Brand Elements Lead to Brand Equity: Differentiate or Die
Authors: Farhana Mosarrat
Published: January 2020

The aim of this paper is to discuss brand elements and to explore its contribution to brand equity based on some relevant research reviews and some examples of prominent brands where brand elements have played a significant role to reach consumerâ€™s head and heart. Brand is a combination of name, symbol or design, which creates a distinctive identity to consumers within a crowd of choices through its different brand elements. A distinctive or unique offering as well as get-up of a brand is the primary key of survival from the immature death in competition. Differentiating approach of different brand elements always cause a high level of brand awareness and familiarity among target consumers and later on individually or collectively, brand elements work as clue to consumers to recall and recognize the brand. Proper integration of both strong and weak brand elements of a brand contribute to brand equity, which has been focused here through some literature reviews.
Socio-Economic Realities at Work: a Study on Female Workers in the SMEâ€™s Located in Malaysia
Authors: Karubi Nwanesi Peter
Published: January 2020

This paper attempted to critically analyse the social/cultural issues faced by women in SMEâ€™s located in Penang Island in the heart of Malaysia. Further, it aimed to evaluate the motives and the impact of changing jobs among the Female Factory Workers (FFW) at the SME factories located in Penang Island. SMEâ€™s are mainly based on 5 to 250 employees. However, the technical definition varied from country to country in the Asia-Pacific region but was usually based on employment, assets, or a combination of the two. Some countries had different definitions for SMEâ€™s in the manufacturing and services sector and may exempt firms from specialized industries or firms that had shareholdings by parent companies. The trends in many SMEâ€™sâ€™ factories were to employ a large number of young girls from rural areas or other neighbouring states. The findings of the study depicted that the young women were often underpaid, housed in over-crowed hostels and some often-experienced sexual harassment and salaries withheld.
Role of Supportive Leadership as a Moderator between Job Stress and Job Performance
Authors: Khalid Afsheen , . Aliya Zafar , . Mueen Aizaz Zafar , . Lutfullah Saqib , . Rizwan Mushtaq
Published: January 2020

Stress is a major problem faced by employees in the working environment that affects performance. This problem can be resolved if employees receive support from their leaders. This study was conducted to examine the moderating effect of supportive leadership on the relationship between job stress and job performance. Supportive leadership is an important factor enhancing employee performance in organizations. In this research, 200 employees were considered from 4 educational institutions. Data was collected using a well-developed questionnaire. The empirical results reveal that supportive leadership has a negative effect on job stress and directly impacts job performance. The study also revealed that Supportive Leadership moderates the relationship between these constructs. The paper concludes with recommendations for further research.
Circumstances Probing Internet Banking Users to Use Alternative Channels: Thematic Matrix Display Analysis
Authors: Adapa Sujana
Published: January 2020

This study highlights the circumstances that actually probe internet banking users to switch to the use of alternative channels in performing their banking transactions within Australian context. Data obtained from 372 internet banking users was analysed by employing thematic matrix analysis technique to identify various macro and micro thematic categories in that hierarchical order of importance. Results revealed factors such as â€˜unable to perform over the internetâ€™, â€˜lack of internet accessâ€™, â€˜not sure of somethingâ€™, â€˜problem rectificationâ€™, â€˜proximity to auxiliary facilitiesâ€™ and â€˜type of internet connectivityâ€™ were relevant in identifying the circumstances under which they preferred to use other banking channels. The study provides important implications for the formulation of effective service delivery channel management strategies by way of implementing effective mechanisms. Moreover, the study also outlines important guidelines for practical solutions in order to reduce the impact of situational barriers thus focusing on effective customer retention strategies. With the information provided by this research, bank executives, consultants and academics will have enhanced knowledge of the service areas they need to focus on to improve customer satisfaction, retention and profitability in the financial services businesses.
Corporate Governance and Firm Free Cash Flows: Evidence from Malaysia
Authors: Adinehzadeh Razieh
Published: January 2020

This study provides view of free cash flow and corporate governance (CG) by addressing the relationship between audit committee characteristics with free cash flow. Specifically, this study explores whether audit committee characteristics are substitutes to control agency problem regarding to free cash flow within Malaysian firms. The data set comprise of 200 firm observations Malaysian companies for four consecutive years, which comprise of 2005 to 2008. The results show that size of audit committee, frequency of audit committee meeting, proportion of audit committee independence is positively associated with level of free cash flow (FCF). The results of study highlight the importance of corporate governance mechanism, in the form of audit committee characteristics, in the management of cash flow.
Time Synchronized High Performing Cluster-Based Routing Algorithm for Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: DENG Huifang
Published: January 2020

In this paper, we investigated the data fusion routing algorithm and the time synchronization algorithm for the wireless sensor networks. First, we proposed a new data fusion routing algorithm - Low Energy Consumption Cluster-Based Routing Algorithm (LECCBRA). Simulation results show that the total energy can be effectively saved, and the balance in energy consumption between clusters can be achieved with LECCBRA, thus the network lifetime is extended. Second, we proposed a time synchronization algorithm - Clustering-based Time Synchronization (CBTS), which is suitable for LECCBRA. Performance analysis and simulation results show that the total energy can be effectively saved, and the accuracy can be improved.
Relationship Marketing and Service Quality in Bank Muscat Oman (Sayarati Loans)
Authors: Govindarajo Normala S
Published: January 2020

Sultanate of Oman is one of the prominent GCC Countries with a population of around 3 million. With assets worth over USD 15 billion, Bank Muscat (SAOG) is the leading financial services provider in Oman with a strong presence in Corporate Banking, Retail Banking, Investment Banking, Treasury, Private Banking and Asset Management. This paper looks into the â€œRELATIONSHIP MARKETING AND SERVICE QUALITY IN BANK MUSCAT OMAN (Sayaratti Loans)â€. The quality of customer service is the key indicator of the performance of the different branches of the Bank. Banks in the current scenario is increasingly showing its interest in satisfying a customer wants. Given the profit figures on board as targets Banks need to also look into the special needs of the customerâ€™s perspective, any lacuna in service quality to be looked into seriously. The car loans popularly known as Sayaratti loans are taken as the product for study. The findings of the study say that there is a significant relationship between the age and the overall customer satisfaction levels and there is no significant relationship between the age and the service quality by the bank.
Citizensâ€™ Most Used Media of Interaction with the Local Governments in Nigeria
Authors: Unegbu Vincent Enyeribe
Published: January 2020

Information is a powerful instrument to prevent crimes if properly disseminated. Sources and channels of information play important roles in its utilization. It is on this backdrop that this survey was carried out to ascertain the appropriate media and channels to convey local governmentsâ€™ information to the citizens. Thirteen local governments in Imo State, one of the 36 states of Nigeria, were surveyed with the use of questionnaire. Out of 1840 selected respondents, 1785 returned their questionnaire. The data generated were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences and the results were presented in discrete figures, percentages, and graphs. The study revealed that over 60 percent of the respondents got information about their local government from verbal/oral sources, radio broadcasts, schools, churches or mosques, traditional rulers and ward councillors. The sources of information were mediated because they were from local government employees who dance to the tune of their employers. The paper recommended that village youth leaders and women leaders should be involved in information dissemination in the localities.