bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Motif dan Kepuasan Followers Dalam Mengikuti Akun Fahrida Inayati @fahrida26 di Instagram
Authors: azaliaiqony
Published: October 2021

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui motif dan kepuasan followers dalam mengikuti akun Fahrida Inayati @fahrida26 di instagram. Penelitian ini menggunakan teori uses and gratification dengan tiga indikator yaitu sharing communication, social escape dan information. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode online survey dengan pendekatan kuantitatif dan jenis penelitian Eksplanatif. Sampel penelitian adalah followers akun @fahrida26 berusia 18-21 tahun, yang merupakan target usia dari akun Fahrida Inayati. Pada online survey peneliti menggunakan sebagai data pengukuran skala likert. Dari hasil penelitian ini ditemukan bahwa followers akun @fahrida26 mendapatkan kepuasan yang tertinggi adalah indikator sharing communication.
The Separation of Sex, Gestation, and Genetics from Parenthood
Authors: Nock Steven L.
Published: October 2021

The demographic trends of post-war Western industrial democracies have presented family sociologists with many of their most vexing problems. First was the unexpected and dramatic rise in fertility following on the heels of World War II.
Tocqueville et Karl Marx Visionnaires
Authors: Servoise Rene
Published: October 2021

Il y a cent cinquante ans environ, deux remarquables anticipations apparaissaient sur l’avenir du monde. Deux homme jeunesils ont respectivement 30 et 33 ans - (mais ont « de l’avenir dans l’esprit », comme disail Talleyrand) émirent ces deux prévisions. A l’époque, elles passèrent inaperçues
A Conversation with Tocqueville, 1854
Authors: Smith D. A.
Published: October 2021

Alexis de Tocqueville and his wife Mary spent some two months in Bonn during the summer of 1854. Of that visit, André Jardin, Tocquevillc’s most recent biographer, has written, “On sail mal d’ailleurs quels interlocuteurs Tocqueville ... trouva à Bonn:... de son propre aveu, il eut de nombreuses relations que nous n’avons pas les moyens d’identifier.” Among those “nombreuses relations,” one in fact left a uniquely valuable account of his meeting with Tocqueville in the German city: the English writer, sometimes civil servant and Member of Parliament, and since 1852, editor of the Edinburgh Review, George Cornewall Lewis.
Current Issues in the Social Sciences: A survey of the Spring 1989 French Studies Colloquia at New York University
Authors: Pauley David
Published: October 2021

In Spring 1989 as in the past, the French Studies Colloquia at New York University brought a group of noted scholars and academics before an American audience to discuss the state of ongoing research in various specialized fields relating to France.
American Exceptionalism Reaffirmed
Authors: Lipset Seymour Martin
Published: October 2021

The topic which concerns us, American Exceptionalism (the phrase is Tocqueville’s) could only have arisen in a comparative context. It basically means that America is unique, is different in crucial ways from most other countries. It has been argued by many, that the United States has stood out, as distinct, from other western countries, in Europe and the Americas, including, as I have tried to document, Canada
Ultramontanisme et contre-révolution en France au XIXe Siécle
Authors: Palard Jacques
Published: October 2021

La Révolution française de 1789 représente sans conteste un facteur majeur de déstabilisation et de réaménagement des rapports entre l’Eglise et l’Etat hérités de l’Ancien Régime mais aussi entre l’Eglise catholique de France et la papauté. Conséquence apparemment paradoxale de la période révolutionnaire et post-révolutionnaire. le prestige de la papauté se trouve notablement réhaussé au début du XIX siécle. Alors que l’Eglise gallicane a perdu, avec la monarchie, son appui principal et proprement constitutif, le pape apparaît aux yeux d’unc part croissantc des catholiques comme le symbole du principe d’ordre et d’autoritl face aux forces politiques issues de la Révolution. L’attitude adoptée par le Directoire puis par Napoléon à l’égard de Pie VI et de Pie VII n’a évidemment pas peu contribué au développement de la popularité du chef de la catholicité.
De la Miss à l’Eve Future : l’Américaine vue par les Français (1870–1914)
Authors: Portes Jacques
Published: October 2021

La fascination excréde par la femme américaine sur les yeux et les esprits français, et même éuropéens. est ancienne. On la remarque chez les premiers ohservateurs de la société du Nouveau Monde, depuis François-Jean de Chastellux, jusqu’au grand Tocqueville lui-même, nc s’émerveillent-ils pas devant l’allure des jeunes filles, devant leur aplomb en toutes circonstances, devant « I’extrême liberté qui régne dans ce pays-cientre les personnes de différent sexe, tant qu’elles ne sont pas mariées, >> devant leurs regards résolus, devenues femmes, jusque dans les solitudes pionnières de l’Ouest d’alors? Elle ne cesse pas avec les années.
Tocqueville au Bas-Canada (extraits)
Authors: Vallee Jacques
Published: October 2021

(...)Ces précieuses observations de Tocqueville sur les réalités canadiennes, observations éparses au hasard des pages d’une œuvre considérable, il ne restait donc qu’à les rassembler, à les mettre en ordre (un ordre rigoureusement chronologique), à y ajouter les annotations utiles, enfin à les faire paraître: telle a été notre tâche. (Introduction).
Law, Politics and the Courts
Authors: Meny Yves
Published: October 2021

In Montesquieu’s triad of legislative, executive, and judicial powers, the third element has long been the weakest. This imbalance in Western institutions, or at least in the European democracies, results from the fact that the democratic principle (of national or popular sovereignty) and the representative principle (that Parliament rules supreme) have long been regarded as more important than the third liberal principle underlying Western political systems, that of the moderation and separation of powers.
The Conseil Constitutionnel and Judicial Review
Authors: Cicchillo Richard
Published: October 2021

For Americans, long accustomed to judicial review of the law, the traditional absence of a similar system of constitutional control in France comes as a surprise. Closer examination however, reveals that the French politico-historico-judicial tradition inherited from the Ancien Régime and the Revolution of 1789 is deeply opposed to the development of "government by the judges." Why did the Revolution react against the judiciary? How has the idea of constitutional control evolved in modern France? What are the possible sources of legitimacy for an institution (the Conseil constitutionnel) and a concept (judicial review) cut off from the sanction of tradition? What is the future of the Conseil?
National Character Revisited
Authors: Inkeles Alex
Published: October 2021

In the first edition of the Handbook of Social Psychology published in 1954 D. J. Levinson and I sought to define the field of national character research as "the study of modal personality and sociocultural systems". While acknowledging the legitimacy of deriving national character from the institutional or cultural forms shared by a population or from the behavior of their nation in acts such as war, peace and commerce, we urged that "national character ought to be equated with modal personality structure; that is, should refer to the mode or modes of distribution of personality variants within a given society".
In Memoriam
Authors: Kriegel Annie
Published: October 2021

Annie Kriegel died on August 26, 1995 at age 69. She had fought cancer for almost two decades so successfully that her friends had come to believe she would always win. This time, she did not, and she had to leave us before becoming old. Annie had perhaps the satisfaction of knowing she had achieved what she had set out to do: understanding two of the twentieth century's most tragic events-the communist experience and the fate of the Jewish people.
Rural Japan and the Outside World in Meiji Japan
Authors: Notehelfer Fred G.
Published: October 2021

As a historian of nineteenth century Japan tny object in this essay is to concentrate on the issue of social change in the late Tokugawa and early Mciji periods and to relate such social change to the broader issues of changing Japanese perceptions of the outside world. I must begin with the caveat that a number of the issues I attempt to address in this essay remain to be explored further and subjected to the kind of detailed historical scrutiny that historians normally require to confirm their hypotheses. What follows is therefore something of a speculative essay that may well raise as many questions as it answers. The arguments put forth represent my own current effort to wrestle with the broader question of what happened in the Meiji transformation.
Economic Interdependency and U.S.-Japan Relations During the Inter-war Period
Authors: Duus Peter
Published: October 2021

It is a commonplace that as an industrial economy grows it will develop an increasingly complex set of market relationships with the outside world, particularly with other industrial economies. Although the early Meiji leaders were apprehensive that Western imports, loans, and investment would have a negative impact on the domestic economy, their decision to embark on a crash program of industrial development left Japan unable to escape this inevitable consequence of industrialization.
American Discontent
Authors: Caplow Theodore
Published: October 2021

Never before in the history of the American republic has there been such a loud chorus of complaint. Here is a representative selection of recent (1993 to 1996) books about public policy in the United States
Rousseau : la troisième Voie
Authors: Todorov Tzvetan
Published: October 2021

La première difficulté à laquelle on se heurte en interprétant la pensée de Rousseau concerne l'articulation des différentes parties de sa doctrine.
Life Everlasting: Tocqueville in America
Authors: Kloppenberg James
Published: October 2021

Democracy in America is nol a classic text—at least if one accepts Mark Twain's definition of a classic as a book everyone wants to have read but no one wants to read. By that measure Locke's Essay Concerning Human Understanding might be a classic, or perhaps Hegel's Phenomenology of Spirit or James's Principles of Psychology. But by Twain's standard Democracy in America emphatically is not a classic, because it is a book that people continue to read and reread, a book that continues to engage readers and repay their efforts, a book cited and endorsed by both Newt Gingrich and Bill Clinton at their parlies' National Conventions in the summer of 1996.
Les tribulations du libéralisme en France
Authors: Melonio Françoise
Published: October 2021

En France Tocqueville est depuis les années 1950 un auteur « à la mode ». Le château de Tocqueville est pour nos présidents de droite et de gauche, pour Messieurs Giscard d’Estaing et Mitterrand, un lieu de pèlerinage de sorte que la France rejoint sur le tard la « tocquevillâtrie » américaine. En lisant Tocqueville, l'Amérique et la France semblent célébrer le jumelage de leurs deux histoires, si proches depuis la fin du XVIIIe siècle.
Tocqueville and American Indian Legal Studies: The Paradox of Liberty and Destruction
Authors: Teale Tamara M.
Published: October 2021

In Democracy in America, Tocqueville's section entitled “The Present State and the Probable Future of the Indian Tribes Inhabiting the Territory of the Union,” comes in the Final chapter of the volumes published in 1X35 and seems almost an afterthought. In fact, François Furet is sure Tocqueville had to "discard his analytical system" in order to write about Native North Americans (182).
Anomie polonaise : entre droit et symbole, entre civisme et patriotisme
Authors: Wozniakowski Henryk
Published: October 2021

Le génie de Tocqueville consiste notamment en ce que son œuvre, écrite il y a un siècle et demi, nous donne le sentiment de décrire notre propre expérience d'une manière admirablement fraîche. A la lumière de ses réflexions, nos expériences prennent des dimensions nouvelles et deviennent plus significatives que nous ne le pensions. Tocqueville appartient ainsi à une petite famille d'élus — tels que Thucydide, Platon, Aristote, Saint-Thomas, Machiavel, Montaigne, Montesquieu —, qui tous, bien enracinés dans leurs époques respectives, ont atteint et su décrire ce qu'il y a d'essentiel ou d'universel dans les comportements humains.
Le goût perdu de la liberté
Authors: Finkielkraut Alain
Published: October 2021

Pendant de trop longues décennies, lorsque les intellectuels français se rendaient dans les pays qu'on appelle encore de l'Est, ils donnaient tics leçons de marxisme à un auditoire médusé et le malentendu entre les deux Europes était à son comble.
Que reste-t-il du « modèle allemand »?
Authors: Läpple Dieter
Published: October 2021

Pendant les années quatre-vingt, la République Fédérale d'Allemagne — à côté du Japon — a été considérée comme modèle d'une société très performante, aussi bien sur le plan économique que sur celui de l'intégration sociale. A cette époque, l'idée semblait être confirmée que les « économies institutionnalisées » du type « rhénan » (Albert. 1991) ou japonais avaient mieux réussi que les deux économies tournées vers le libéralisme pur. les Etats-Unis et la Grande-Bretagne.
De l'esprit de défense au sentiment patriotique en France
Authors: Vennesson Pascal
Published: October 2021

Maintes fois prédite mais déroutante, déjà largement accomplie de facto et pourtant profonde, la fin de la conscription annoncée par Jacques Chirac le 22 Février 1996 constitue une importante transformation des relations armée-société en France. Qu'un pays développé à la fin du XXe siècle abandonne le modèle organisationnel d'année de masse n'est pas, en soit, un développement inattendu. En 1960, le sociologue américain Morris Janowiu annonçait en conclusion de son ouvrage The Professitmal Soldier le déclin des années de masse dans tous les pays occidentaux et l'émergence de forces réduites et professionnelles, toujours en alerte (force-in-being), destinées à des engagements ponctuels au-delà des frontières.
La menace qui pèse sur la pensée
Authors: Lefort Claude
Published: October 2021

Tocqueville s'interroge sur la puissance de l'opinion commune dans les sociétés démocratiques modernes. Elle ne se nourrit plus tant de la tradition, observe-t-il ; elle a cessé de véhiculer des croyances héritées du passé pour nouer une relation nouvelle avec la foi dans la raison. Tocqueville, à la différence de la plupart de ses contemporains, ne voit pas dans ce phénomène le seul effet de l'essor de la science. Il nous rappelle que le nouvel esprit scientifique (ce qu'il nomme la « méthode philosophique ») ne s'exerçait encore au XVIe et au XVIIe siècles que dans des cercles restreints et dans des domaines circonscrits.
Note liminaire
Authors: Melonio Françoise
Published: October 2021

Les essais regroupés ici sont le fruit de neuf rencontres autour de l'œuvre de Tocqueville organisées par le ministère de la Culture et celui des Affaires Etrangères de juin 1991 à juin 1994 sous la responsabilité de François Furet. Dans les années qui ont suivi la chute du mur de Berlin, l'objectif était de fêter les retrouvailles de la grande famille européenne et d'encourager la création d'un milieu d'intellectuel européens. D'où la richesse foisonnante de débats, parfois touffus, sur l'actualité, constamment relancés par le cours rapide des transformations à l'Est, et dont François Furet dresse ici le bilan en introduction.1
The Rise of Oligarchies in the Russian Provinces
Authors: Todres Vladimir
Published: October 2021

Russia's present federal statehood is far from stable and this instability may eventually spell the end to cohesiveness of the Russian state. But what are the forces driving this state apart? How powerful are they, and what is their power based upon? Most commonly, the blame for “diffusing the state” is put onto comparatively affluent regions, not only able to capitalize on their mineral resources and industrial or transport potential but also quick enough to realize their potential.
Current Issues in Stratification in the United Kingdom
Authors: Halpin Brendan
Published: October 2021

From the early 1990s and before then: has been a sustained attack on the concept of social class in the UK and elsewhere, largely making the point that it carries a lot of Marxist and historicist baggage, and is demonstrably irrelevant to the analysis of contemporary industrial society (Hindess, 1987; Turner, 1989; SØrenson, 1991). For instance, in 1989, Ray Pahl asked “is the emperor naked?”; more recently Pakulski and Waters (1996) have announced “The Death of Class”. Class conflict, and class identity, they argue, arc notable by their weakness, and other factors, such as gender, race, or lifestyle, offer greater explanatory power.
French Trends in Social and Educational Opportunities, 1982-1997
Authors: Forsé Michel
Published: October 2021

French social mobility studies concur with those for other advanced industrial societies and point to deep change in the occupational structure in recent decades. This increases the possibility that children will find themselves in a different social category than their parents (raw mobility). But despite a rise in average educational level and mild steady progress towards equal achievement in school by social origin, mobility has shown no radical change after adjustment for evolutions in the job structure (net mobility).
L’Etat, l’argent, la clientèle
Authors: Mendras Marie
Published: October 2021

En Russie, l'Etat est faible et les administrations sont puissantes. Ce qui frappe l'observateur de ce pays en pleine mutation, c'est l'extraordinaire conservation des administrations, l’autopréservation des intérêts de nombreux fonctionnaires dont le pouvoir discrétionnaire n’a pas décru avec la libéralisation de l’économie et la fin du régime communiste et policier.
Four Russias
Authors: Shlapentokh Vladimir
Published: October 2021

In the summer of 1997, I visited Russia and talked with various politicians and scholars as well as ordinary citizens. When describing how they identified their country, none of them used the terms “democratic,” “capitalist,” or “liberal”. Most were inclined to label their society “oligarchic.”1 Many members of the Russian media use variations of the same term, such as “nomenclature capitalism” and “criminal capitalism”.
The Internet and the Trajectories of Technologies
Authors: Bell Daniel
Published: October 2021

A new communications infrastructure has arisen throughout the world. The older infrastructure, sparked by the industrial revolution, was transportation - ports, railroads, highways, trucks, which made commerce and the exchange of materials and goods possible. And the new infrastructures of post-industrial society are Cable, Broadband, Digital TV, Optical Fibre, Fax, E-Mail, ISDN (Integrated System Digital Networks, combining data, text, voice, sound and image through single channels).
The Value of Achievement in Germany 1956-1996
Authors: Meulemann Heiner
Published: October 2021

One of the most important heritages shared by the two German states which existed between 1949 and 1990 was a strong endorsement of their populations to the value of achievement rooted in common history and common culture. Achievement requires concentration of impulses and of energy and devotion to a objectively defined task, that is : self-sacrifice.
L’affirmative action aux États-Unis : effets symboliques et stratégies de présentation
Authors: Sabbagh Daniel
Published: October 2021

Le vocable affirmative action possède aux États-Unis au moins deux acceptions distinctes. Lorsque le terme est employé pour la première fois en relation avec l’enjeu de l’égalité raciale dans le cadre d’un projet de loi voté en 1050 par la Chambre des Représentants mais rejeté par le Sénat, puis dans le texte du décret présidentiel (Executive Ordcr) 10925 signe par le président Kennedy le 6 mars 1961, il ne renvoie en réalité à aucun référent déterminé : l’expression lexicalisée to take affirmative action, qui signifie " prendre des mesures concrètes ", évoque simplement une démarche volontariste, une intervention dont l’effectivité serait avérée par opposition aux initiatives d’ordre strictement déclaratoire ou à la passivité pure et simple.
Souveraineté de l’État et droit international
Authors: Stern Brigitte
Published: October 2021

Quel que soit le fondement ultime de la souveraineté sur le plan interne - Dieu, nation, peuple -, la souveraineté s’incarne aujourd’hui sur le plan international dans l’État-nation. L’État se distingue fondamentalement des autres collectivités humaines, parce qu’il est une collectivité souveraine. Dire qu’il est une collectivité souveraine sur le plan international, c’est dire que l’État ne peut être contraint que par lui- même. ce qui implique concrètement qu’il dispose de la plus grande force, autrement dit qu’il dispose du monopole de la force armée organisée légitime sur son territoire.
Affirmative Action in French Law
Authors: Calves Gwenaëlle
Published: October 2021

In recent years, the concept of positive discrimination has attracted considerable attention in France among both legal scholars and the general public. In an increasing number of areas, ranging from access to bicycle paths to restriction of family allowances according to income, any rules that appear to depart, however slightly, from the prevailing norm of equal treatment strictly construed, now tend to be presented as measures of positive discrimination.
La souveraineté sur la scène mondiale : concept ou fiction renouvelée?
Authors: Badie Bertrand
Published: October 2021

L’histoire du concept de souveraineté se confond volontiers avec celle qui raconte l’émergence de notre système international contemporain. Ses origines ont en même temps un parfum amer de modernité : Jean Bodin en pose les fondements dans un contexte qui était celui de la Saint-Barthélémy, au moment où les déchirements inter-confessionnels affaiblissaient la communauté politique et le pouvoir central et où, de part et d’autre, on faisait appel à l’aide étrangère, aux Espagnols pour aider les Catholiques et aux Anglais pour appuyer les Protestants du royaume de France.
Défense et souveraineté nationale
Authors: de Richoufftz Colonel E.
Published: October 2021

La souveraineté – entendue comme caractère du pouvoir politique d’un État qui n’est soumis au contrôle ni d’un autre État, ni d’un organe – exprime des sentiments forts et légitime des attitudes dont l’expression ultime peut être l’action militaire. Souveraineté et identité nationale – comprise comme l’appartenance à une communauté – se confondent. L’époque contemporaine, y compris la période de l’après-Yalta est significative à cet égard. L’État-nation et son armée ne faisaient qu’un. Mais de nouveau enjeux bouleversent les grands équilibres stratégiques.
Creation and Returns of Social Capital. A new Research Program
Authors: Flap Henk
Published: October 2021

A recent theoretical development within the social sciences has been the emergence of the social capital research program. This is a program on relational resources, their creation, use. and effects. It took shape first within sociology and anthropology, nowadays it is also growing in popularity within political sciences and economics.
Parental choice and the competition between schools in the Netherlands
Authors: Karsten Sjoerd
Published: October 2021

Free parental choice has a long tradition in the Dutch education system. The principle that parents should be given the opportunity to organise and choose the kind of education they want was one of the most important topics in the 19th-century Netherlands. In that century a long campaign by both Catholic and Protestant groups and parties was conducted under the slogan ‘schools to the parents’.
Contre l'esclavage aux Etats-Unis, d’après quelques lettres inédites d'Edouard de Laboulaye à Augustin Cochin
Authors: Dauteribes André
Published: October 2021

« Il ne manque pas de gens qui n'aiment point qu'on touche aux abus et qui se plaignent du bruit que fait ‘la secte fanatique des humanitaires’; les gouvernements sont en général de l’avis de ceux qui demandent qu’on ne fasse rien, mais peu à peu, la conscience s’éveille ... qu’on voie ce qu’en plein XIXe siècle le soleil éclaire d’ignominies, et si nous sommes autre chose que des diseurs de belles paroles, si nous ne voulons pas que le sang de nos frères innocents retombe sur nous, mettons au ban de notre civilisation ceux qui l'outragent par leur abominable égoïsme, et décidons nos gouvernements à prendre en main la cause de l'humanité…».
L’évaluation au cœur des luttes socio-politiques
Authors: Demailly Lise
Published: October 2021

On peut observer dans l’ensemble des pays européens et nord-américains depuis une dizaine d’années une forte incitation au développement de l’évaluation de l’action publique dans les systèmes scolaires ainsi que des efforts convergents en vue du développement d’une « culture de l’évaluation » chez les personnels. Parallèlement, émergent partout des interrogations sur l’utilité de l’évaluation. Des désaccords s’expriment autour du mode de publication de certaines évaluations (celles des établissements secondaires, sous forme de palmarès ou autres tables de performance) et plus globalement de la médiatisation des évaluations.
France-Amérique : regards croisés sur le cinéma
Authors: de Baecque Antoine
Published: October 2021

Jamais sans doute le cinéma français n'a joué un rôle si important dans la production internationale. De cette indéniable réussite on a pu constater les effets lors du récent festival de Cannes. Près de la moitié des films présentés en sélection officielle étaient financés entièrement, ou pour bonne part, grâce aux subventions du Centre national du cinéma et aux capitaux de maisons de production françaises.
Les syndicats américains en perspective
Authors: Crozier Michel
Published: October 2021

« Quels regards rétrospectifs portes-tu sur les syndicats américains cinquante ans après ?
Le droit au secret génétique (Genetic Privacy)
Authors: Merchant Jennifer
Published: October 2021

Aux Etats-Unis, les rapports entre la science et le « droit à la vie privée » (right to privacy) ne datent pas d'hier, comme en témoigne la célèbre décision de la Cour suprême en 1928 concernant les écoutes téléphoniques dans laquelle le juge Brandeis a appelé le «droit d’être laissé en paix le droit le plus global et le plus chéri des hommes civilisés ».
Personal Autonomy and the Law: Sexual Harassment and the Dilemma of Regulating “Intimacy”
Authors: Cohen Jean L.
Published: October 2021

There have been remarkable changes in the “domain of intimacy” over the last four decades.
Privacy and Equality: Notes on their Tension
Authors: Mackinnon Catharine
Published: October 2021

The legal guarantees of privacy and equality can be seen as two of law’s responses to abuses of hierarchical power.
La normalisation juridique des rapports sexuels interraciaux aux Etats-Unis
Authors: Sabbagh Daniel
Published: October 2021

En dépit de la dimension à la fois individualiste et universaliste des principes supposés se trouver au fondement de la République américaine – et notamment du principe de l’égalité des citoyens devant la loi finalement inscrit dans la Constitution en 1868 –, c’est sans doute aux États-Unis, et en particulier dans les États de l’ancienne Confédération, que la « hantise du métissage » a été poussée à l’extrême, malgré l’inclusion des Noirs dans la communauté politique théoriquement achevée depuis la Reconstruction.
Le financement des campagnes électorales face au juge constitutionnel : la décision McConnell v. FEC
Authors: Deysine Anne
Published: October 2021

La Cour suprême a rendu en décembre 2003, en procédure accélérée, ce qui est sans doute l’une des plus importantes décisions de la décennie et, en tout état de cause, l’une des plus attendues et surprenantes. Très longue, près de 300 pages, véritable exercice de style travaillé et complexe, elle réussit le tour de force d’être contestée par la droite comme par la gauche, les partisans des armes à feu (la puissante National Rifle Association) et les défenseurs des libertés publiques (l’American Civil Liberties Union en tête).
De Rousseau à Tocqueville: l’utilité sociale de la religion
Authors: Rolland Patrice
Published: October 2021

L’utilité sociale de la religion n’est plus un propos évident pour les Modernes. Vergniaud avertissait les constituants français, le 8 mai 1793, que, pour faire respecter leur ouvrage, ils ne disposaient plus, comme les anciens législateurs, d’une intervention divine — la nymphe de Numa, le pigeon de Mahomet ou le démon familier de Socrate. Entre le peuple et le législateur ne s’interpose plus que la raison. La Cité s’en remet à la volonté des hommes. Lorsque Rousseau défend l’idée d’une religion civile dans une démocratie, on pourrait l’attribuer à sa passion du modèle antique. Mais que dire lorsque Tocqueville pense, lui aussi, cette utilité de la religion d’une façon très proche de celle de Rousseau ? Son rapport persomiel à la religion, bien moderne en cela, est pourtant plein de perplexités et de doutes.
L’Union européenne en quête d’un « grand compromis »
Authors: Laurent Eloi , Le Cacheux Jacques
Published: October 2021

C'est pour unir les avantages divers qui résultent de la grandeur et de la petitesse des nations que le système fédératif a été créé. Alexis de Tocqueville, De la démocratie en Amérique (Première partie, chapitre VIII)
Can the North American Model of Ethnicity Be Applied to Europe ? The German Example
Authors: von Below Susanne , Bös Mathias , Roberts Lance W.
Published: October 2021

In the last decade of the 20th century, the self-perception of many continental European nations has shifted dramatically. Terms like diversity, multiculturalism and, last but not least, ethnicity are increasingly used to describe group structures and inequalities in these countries. This is especially surprising in the case of Germany. In sociological folklore, Germany epitomizes a nation which sees itself as an ethnically homogeneous people (among many see Brubaker 1992).
Avant-Propos
Authors: Laurent Éloi , Le Cacheux Jacques
Published: October 2021

No, it does not match Philadelphia. C’est par cet aveu que Jolui Kerr, Secrétaire général de la Convention pour l’avenir de l’Europe, lucide, désabusé et, peut-être, soulagé, choisissait d’introduire sa présentation du projet de traité constitutionnel au grand public anglais dans les colonnes du magazine Prospect en octobre dernier.
Quotas, Diversity, and Inequalities : Affirmative Action in the United States and Elsewhere
Authors: van Meter Karl M.
Published: October 2021

On 15 January 2003, a little more than two months before deciding to invade Iraq, the President of the United States, George W. Bush, made another highly-contested decision concerning affirmative action and what constitutes a “quota”, both of which conservative Republican administrations, such as Bush's, vigorously oppose. This opposition is based on the premise that in the United States opportunity exists for all, and those who work hard automatically succeed. The possibility of systematic discrimination — be it based on race, culture, gender or wealth — is quite simply rejected.
Tocqueville on Catholicism and Democracy : Views from Latin America
Authors: López-Guerra Claudio
Published: October 2021

Tocqueville proposed that mores or what he called “habits of the heart” were the main reason why a democratic republic—characterized by the mixture of political freedom and equality—had subsisted in the United States.1 After comparing North and South America, Tocqueville went further to argue that the lack of appropriate customs accounted for the fragility of the nascent Latin American republics. This raises a fundamental question: what are the origins of republican mores? Tocqueville concluded that in the United States the social state was the most important factor.
Affirmative Action: A Transatlantic Perspective
Authors: Bollinger Lee C. , Descoings Richard
Published: October 2021

Dans le cadre du 250e anniversaire de l’Université de Columbia, le Programme Alliance* a organisé une conférence exceptionnelle le 24 juin 2004 à Sciences Po sur le thème de l’Affirmative Action en présence de deux acteurs-clés : Lee C. Bollinger (Président de l’Université de Columbia) et Richard Descoings (Directeur de Sciences Po). Nous présentons ici leur intervention.
Les transformations des systèmes de protection sociale : les défis et les enjeux
Authors: Palier Bruno
Published: October 2021

Les systèmes de protection sociale sont les plus développés en Europe de l’Ouest.
Un sociologue optimiste
Authors: Lautman Jacques
Published: October 2021

Henri Mendras était un optimiste. Il portait des jugements favorables sur nombre d’évolutions de la société française et même des sociétés européennes.
The politics of American Medical Care Reform
Authors: Marmor Theodore R.
Published: October 2021

None of us, as Rudolf Klein has rightly noted, can escape the “bombardment of information about what is happening in other countries.”
Tocqueville et les sociologues bruxellois
Authors: Coenen-Huther Jacques
Published: October 2021

Au cours du colloque consacré à « Alexis de Tocqueville entre l’Europe et les États-Unis » organisé à Cerisy-la-Salle en mai 2005, Jean-Claude Casanova a évoqué la période d’indifference à l’oeuvre de Tocqueville qui s’est étendue en France du début de la Première Guerre mondiale aux lendemains de la Deuxième Guerre mondiale.
L’immigration et les Politiques Publiques aux États-unis
Authors: Portes Alejandro
Published: October 2021

Les périodes de forte immigration sont systématiquement marquées par une montée dc résistance de la part des populations nationales, qui voient dans les vagues de nouveaux venus une menace à l’intégrité de la culture nationale et une source de dégradation des qualités de la population d’origine.
Immigrant Transnationalism in Europe and the United States
Authors: Kastoryano Riva , Portes Alejandro
Published: October 2021

Pascal Delisle (American Center in Sciences Po Director): Professor Kastoryano and Professor Portes, your respective studies invite to a comparison between the situations of the United States on the one hand, and of Europe on the other.
Ethnic Riots in French Banlieues
Authors: Dronkers Jaap
Published: October 2021

Migration in the XXI century is an international phenomenon, and not only confined to traditional immigration countries, as in the United States.
ONG américaines et françaises : différences dans les discours et les partiques
Authors: Bryant Coralie , Rubio François
Published: October 2021

La société civile prend une place considérable aussi bien dans les relations internationales que dans la politique interne des États.
THE ROLE OF CIVIL SOCIETY IN THE FORMATION OF CIVIL CULTURE OF THE FUTURE FOREIGN LANGUAGE TEACHER
Authors: Yuliia Liakhovska
Published: October 2021

The article attempts to reveal the role of civil society in the formation of civic culture of the future specialist, in particular a foreign language teacher. Legislative documents in the field of education are characterized, the views of scientists on civil society are revealed, the problems of globalization of society development are covered. It is established that the construction of civil society is impossible without the participation of applicants for higher education, who must become real citizens of their country - amateur, independent people who are realized in a civil position. It is revealed that the main principle of the mechanism of formation of civic culture of the future foreign language teacher is the principle of activity. It is proved that the problem of forming the civic culture of student youth is relevant, socially significant and is a reflection of changes in the paradigm of education aimed at the development of the individual as a citizen; the formation of civic culture of youth is the foundation of the development of civil society and a democratic state.
Giant De-Differentiated Liposarcoma of the Ascending Colon – A Rare Entity
Authors: Jameel JKA , Sunil N , Raghavendra D , Mekala L , Reddy PK , Jameel JKA
Published: October 2021

Background: Liposarcoma is one of the common malignant mesenchymal tumors of the retroperitoneum and soft tissue of the extremities. Liposarcoma primarily arising from the colon is extremely rare. De-differentiated liposarcoma, a high grade variant has high local recurrence and distant metastatic potential. At present no standard treatment guidelines are established for the colonic liposarcoma in view of the rarity of the condition.
Case Presentation: In this article we report a case of 46-year-old female who presented with a large right sided abdominal lump. On cross sectional imaging, she was found to have a large heterogenous exophytic mass arising from the ascending colon. Colonoscopy showed a submucosal lesion of the ascending colon with luminal narrowing. She underwent a right radical hemicolectomy. Histopathology of the resected specimen was reported as a de-differentiated liposarcoma arising from the ascending colon, which is an extremely rare occurrence. Patient made an uneventful recovery and is under follow-up.
Conclusion: Liposarcoma is a rare disease of large intestine. It should be considered in the differential diagnosis when there is a large, submucosal colonic swelling with no lymph nodal or peritoneal disease. Complete surgical resection with clear margins is the standard of treatment. Evidence on the benefits of adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy in improving survival in liposarcoma of colon is currently evolving.
TRABZON/ARAKLI’DA GEÇ DÖNEM OSMANLI CAMİİ MİHRAPLARINDA TİPOLOJİ VE BEZEME
Authors: ÖNAL Raziye Çiğdem
Published: October 2021

İpek Yolu’nun kadim duraklarından biri olması ve limanlarının bulunması sebebiyle hem kara hem de deniz ulaşımı ve ticaretine açık olan Trabzon, tarih boyunca önemini korumuş kentlerden biridir. Tarihi, kentin tarihi kadar geri götürülebilen, günümüzde il merkezine 33 km mesafede bulunan Araklı ilçesi ise antik dönemden beri limana ve kentin doğuya açılan kara yollarına sahip olması açısından önemlidir. Roma döneminden beri bu önemini koruyan ilçe, Osmanlı Devleti’nin 1461’de fethiyle beraber İslami kimliğe bürünmüş ve nüfus hareketliği ve mimari yapılanmaları da bu yönde kimlik değiştirmiştir.

Araklı’da sayıları az olmakla beraber geç dönem Osmanlı sanatının izlerini taşıyan eserler mevcuttur. Bu makalede o izleri yansıtan ve Merkez Küçük (Hacı Hasan) Camii (1859-60), Konakönü Mahallesi Camii (1884), Merkez Büyük Camii (1907-08) ve Kalecik Mahallesi Camii (1910)’lerinde bulunan dört mihraba odaklanılmıştır. Mihrapların kronolojik sıraya göre katalog düzeninde anlatıldığı, metnin çizim ve fotoğraflarla desteklendiği bu çalışma ile ortaya çıkan sonuçların mevcut literatüre katkı sağlaması hedeflenmiştir.

İncelenen mihraplar, tipolojik açıdan birbirine benzer özellikler yansıtırken, hem Batılı üslupların getirisi hem de Doğu Karadeniz Bölgesi’ne has yerel unsurların karma düzende kullanıldığı bezeme programı noktasında farklılaşmaktadır. Günümüze kadar ulaşarak geç dönem Osmanlı sanatının taşra uygulamaları hakkında okumalar yaptıran bu mihraplar, maddi ve manevi gerekliliği esasına göre şekillendirilmiş kıymetli sanat eserleri olarak Türk kültür belleğindeki yerini almış nadir eserlerdendir.
Pengenalan dan Pelatihan Sistem Pengarsipan Elektronik Berbasis Web Untuk Alumni Prodi Ilmu Perpustakaan Fakultas Ilmu Budaya Unilak
Authors: Rismayeti Rismayeti , Noprianto Eko
Published: October 2021

This service activity aims to provide introduction and training to Alumni Ilmu Perpustakaan Fakultas Ilmu Budaya Universitas Lancang Kuning, especially those who are already working. A common problem for partners is that they do not have adequate skills in managing Web-based Electronic Archives. The implementation of this service is expected to improve the understanding and skills of Alumni Ilmu Perpustakaan Fakultas Ilmu Budaya Universitas Lancang Kuning on how to manage Web-based electronic archives. The output produced in accordance with this activity plan is in the form of scientific articles. The method of implementing the activity is counseling. Submission of material is carried out by Lecturers who are members of the team proposing online community service activities.
Gambaran Program Kotaku ( Kota Tanpa Kumuh ) Kota Semarang Tahun 2019 (Studi Evaluasi Kebijakan)
Authors: Suharto Suharto
Published: October 2021

Management of housing and slum settlements is carried out in various forms of service and facilitation as follows: (1) fulfillment of decent and affordable housing needs through housing loans / subsidized housing loans and self-help housing development; (2) improving the quality of the settlement environment through the assistance of basic housing infrastructure and facilities, providing clean water facilities in water-prone settlements, structuring and rehabilitating slum settlements, empowering communities in the framework of strengthening economic capacity and improving social life; (3) institutionalizing a system for implementing housing and settlement development by involving the community as the main actor.

Given the limited capacity of the government through the APBN and APBD in handling housing and slum settlements, the government took the decision to carry out handling of housing and slum settlements through the City Without Slum Program (KOTAKU).

The implementation of the Tridaya approach in the KOTAKU program city of Semarang includes: (1) empowering local governments and communities through capacity building in the form of training and mentoring; (2) utilization of environmental facilities by improving the quality of the settlement environment through the procurement and repair of primary basic infrastructure and facilities as well as repair of unsuitable houses; and (3) community economic empowerment which is carried out through channeling with other programs in the field of Public Works and various activities carried out in the regions. To get a comprehensive picture of the program, researchers need to evaluate the policies of the Semarang City KOTAKU (City Without Slums) program in 2019.

Keywords: KOTAKU (City Without Slums), Government Capacity, Policy Evaluation.
كتاب تعليم المتعلم تأثيره ودوره وسط تربية الشخصية لدى طلاب المعاهد الإسلامية
Authors: Nuha Moh. Ulin
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis study aims to find answers to how the position of the book ta'limul muta'allim in Islamic boarding schools and the extent of its influence in the formation of a strong personality. This field research uses phenomenological theory and comes to several conclusions, namelythe book of Ta'limul Muta'allim has an important role in the formation of a strong personality in Islamic boarding schools. The role of this book is not just a mere formality, but is very applicable in everyday life. Another conclusion from this research is that the book of Ta'limul Muta'allim has a special position compared to other books.
دراسة عن سياسة رجب طيب أردوغان في مناهج التربية الإسلامية في تركيا
Authors: Rozak Anwar
Published: October 2021

مستخلص البحث

رجب طيب أردوغان سياسي الذى يمحو إرث مصطفى كمال أتاتورك من العلمانية. من خلال أفعاله السياسية ، أعاد أردوغان العصر الذهبي لتركيا، بعد أن تورط سابقًا مع المتعصبين العلمانيين وإلغاء القيم الإسلامية في تركيا. وبخطوات سياسية من خلال سياسات أردوغان، أصبح قادرًا على إقناع الشعب التركي أنه من خلال الهوية الإسلامية، يمكن لتركيا أن تستعيد مجد الأمة، التي ليست قوية فقط من حيث الدفاع ، ولكن أيضًا في الاقتصاد.

ذلك ، من الضروري معرفة كيف يتم تنفيذ سياسات رجب طيب أردوغان في مجال التربية الإسلامية ، بما في ذلك الأفكار والخطوات السياسية في تركيا. وكيف نمط التعليم في تركيا ومدى ملائمة خطوات أردوغان في التربية الإسلامية.

كلمة رئيسية: أردوغان، سياسة، مناهج التربية ، التربية في تركيا
The notion of “progress” from the philosophy of language perspective
Authors: Vostrikova Ekaterina
Published: October 2021

This paper discusses the notion of progress and the idea proposed by Alexander Nikiforov that the term “progress” belongs to the same class of words as predicates of personal taste. This claim is based on the observation that our assessment of progress depends on our subjective point of view. The paper argues that there is a substantive difference between terms of personal taste and the term “progress”. Specifically, it is shown that “progress” does not necessarily make reference to a personal point of view. The subjectivity of our assessment of “progress” in certain areas seems to be rooted in the choice of the scale and our ideas of the ideal state of an object that is the endpoint of that scale. The paper also discusses A. Nikiforov’s idea that the evolution of the Universe can provide us with the objective scale for evaluation of progress in all areas. I argue against this idea by showing that it does not help us overcome the subjectivity of progress assessment in many cases.
Foraging for Transdisciplinary Challenges: Emergent Industrial Themes
Authors: Carey Emily , Newnes Linda , Lattanzio Susan , Hultin Alex , Mogles Nataliya
Published: October 2021

This paper presents our findings from thirteen industrial interviews, to investigate the significance of transdisciplinarity (TD) in an industrial context. Thus to gain insight into the resilience of industrial manufacturing in rapidly changing environments and establish what enabling or disabling practices may currently exist. The interviews were conducted as an initial part of a wider case study approach being undertaken by the TREND research team and were semi-structured in format. We present the background and research questions being addressed and outline our exploratory research approach. The analysis of interview transcriptions is provided answering our research questions and identifying any emerging themes. Of the industry interviews, only five interviewees had heard of the term TD, the definition of TD varied between companies and did not align with the primordial system of Jantsch’s work. A number of focal enabling and disabling industrial themes emerge from the interviews and related discourse such as the positive and negative human contribution(s) and growing global teams involved in manufacture. For industry to be resilient and meet rapid technological and societal change, these themes should be core for manufacturing solutions. Secondary studies should investigate literature and collaborate with engineering industries to test any potential TD interventions.
Multi-Stage Fuzzy-Logic Model for Evaluation of Reshoring Decisions
Authors: Sequeira Movin
Published: October 2021

Reshoring decisions are complex due to multiple groups of criteria that have an impact on the decision involved. In order to support this manual decision-making process, more advanced tools need to be developed. The purpose of this paper is to explore a multi-stage fuzzy-logic model to support the reshoring decision-making process through a transdisciplinary approach. Three relevant stages pertaining to reshoring decisions were identified: production resources, production capabilities, and competitive priorities. For each stage, factor loading values were used to create fuzzy rules. The model provides a decision recommendation based on a set of input reshoring scenarios. The research contributes to the reshoring literature providing a multi-stage fuzzy-logic model that simultaneously handles different groups of criteria, and to practitioners by contemplating different key competencies within a company during the reshoring decision process.