bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
AN INVESTIGATION INTO ORGANIZATION ERRORS IN EFL LEARNERS’ PARAGRAPH WRITING: A CASE IN A FOREIGN LANGUAGE CENTER IN CAN THO CITY, VIETNAM
Authors: Giang Hoang Thi Lien , Dan Thai Cong , Han Thai Phan Bao
Published: March 2023

Committing errors is an inevitable phenomenon that happens to learners in the process of learning a foreign language, especially in writing skill. For many years, diagnosing what types of errors learners commonly made and why they are prone to committing such errors has become a great concern to language educators and researchers. The present study investigated organization errors in English compositions produced by 60 Vietnamese pre-intermediate learners on one task. The author collected data by writing tests and participant questionnaires. Analyses of the errors and survey data yielded the following main findings: (1) Among the five categories of organization errors, incoherence accounted for the largest percentage, followed by the poor topic sentence, disunity, poor conclusion and no conclusion; (2) There is a significant difference between the two genders in terms of the category of incoherence. Nevertheless, the difference in the other organization error categories between the two groups of participants was insignificant; (3) Several reasons were identified for the errors such as the lack of writing practice and the influence of Vietnamese.
 

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INVESTIGATING PRAGMATIC TRAPS IN ADVERTISING MESSAGES OF ZAIN – IRAQ TELECOMMUNICATION COMPANY
Authors: Kadhim Basim Jubair
Published: March 2023

This paper discusses the use of pragmatic traps in advertising messages and their impact on customers, with a particular focus on the messages of Zain Telecommunication Company in Iraq. Pragmatic traps are false or misleading claims in advertising that deceive customers by distorting the reality of the product or service being offered. The research aims to investigate the extent to which Zain uses pragmatic traps in its advertisements and how these traps affect customers. The analysis of fifty advertising messages from Zain reveals a high use of persuasive language, emotional appeals, particularized and coded implicature, and violations of the maxims of quantity and quality of the cooperative principle. These findings highlight the importance of understanding the elective model of pragmatic traps in advertising and the ways in which advertisers can use language to manipulate the context and meaning of a message. As customers, it is important to be aware of these traps to make informed purchasing decisions.
 

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A STUDY OF THE FACTORS INFLUENCING PURCHASING BEHAVIOUR OF ONLINE CONSUMERS IN KLANG VALLEY, MALAYSIA
Authors: Sarangapani Subarna , Singh Shanjit Singh Ranjit , Balasubramaniam Amirtharaj , Hasan Wan Suryana Wan , Shaharuddin Noorain binti , Kanapathipillai Kumaran
Published: March 2023

This study aims to analyse and discuss the factors influencing purchasing behaviours of online consumers in Klang Valley, Malaysia. In the past few years, the world has been evolving at light speed, and consumers must keep up with this fast-paced development. The technological era has changed purchasing habits so much that consumers have turned to online shopping, and vendors have explored the digitalization of product search and sales. With the impact of the pandemic, the digital age has taken over the world at a glance more than ever before. Online shopping offers consumers convenience, ease, comfort, time savings, hassle-free delivery, better price options, vast vendors, and many other obvious benefits. Since consumers are no longer restricted to a particular location or time for their purchases, this study seeks to understand factors that affect customers' online purchasing behaviour in Klang Valley, Malaysia. This study focuses on five components: perceived benefits, perceived risks, hedonic motivation, website design, and psychological dimensions. These five components have been chosen as the independent variables, with online purchase behaviour as the dependent variable. For data collection, self-administered questionnaires were distributed through social media. A total of 387 responses were collected. Findings obtained from this study indicated that perceived benefits, perceived risks, hedonic motivation, and website design are significant for consumers' online purchasing behaviour. In contrast, this study discovered that psychological dimensions are insignificant to consumers' online purchasing behaviour.

JEL: A10, A12, A13

 

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EFL TEACHERS' PERCEPTIONS AND REPORTED TECHNIQUES IN TEACHING LISTENING INFERENCING SKILLS
Authors: Thu Ly Minh , Quan Nguyen Hai , Cang Nguyen Trung
Published: March 2023

This research aims were to examine teachers’ perceptions of listening inferencing skills (LIS) and their significance for listening comprehension. In addition, the pedagogical techniques that teachers report to have employed in teaching LIS were also investigated. In order to achieve these goals, a questionnaire consisting of 48 five-point Likert scale items and one open-ended question was utilized as the research instrument. Seventy-two EFL teachers working at different universities, colleges and private language centres in a province in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam gave their responses to the questionnaires. The results revealed that a significant number of teachers appeared to hold a limited understanding of what LIS actually refer to. However, when they were introduced to what LIS involve, they noticeably reached the agreement that these skills are beneficial for listening comprehension in particular and language learning in general. Besides, a large number of the participants also reported that they applied LIS in their own English language learning and teaching. In terms of pedagogical techniques used to teach LIS, the teachers mainly concentrated on pre-listening tactics with the hope of equipping their students well for the listening process regarding linguistic and background knowledge while techniques for the while-, post- and extension stages in listening instruction seemed to be overlooked.
 

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THE IMPACT OF MUSICAL SKILLS ON FOREIGN LANGUAGE ANXIETY
Authors: Kasap Süleyman
Published: March 2023

This research aims to research the impact of musical skills on foreign language anxiety. For this purpose, 158 English as Foreign Language students, 64 of whom engaged with music (48 of them were able to play an instrument and sing in front of people and 16 of them could only sing) were chosen for this study. The Foreign Language Anxiety Scale (FLCAS) was applied and the results were compared. The study revealed that participants who were able to play a musical instrument or sing in front of people had far lower levels of foreign language anxiety than those who did not. For the qualitative section of the study, 10 participants, 5 of whom could play an instrument and 5 of whom could not, were selected to get a more detailed picture of the participants’ opinions and feelings related to the impact of engagement with music on foreign language anxiety. These interviews also supported the results of the quantitative study.
 

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A STUDY ON PROBLEMS IN SPEAKING OF ENGLISH-MAJORED FRESHMEN AT TAY DO UNIVERSITY AND SOME SUGGESTED SOLUTIONS
Authors: Dang Thi Bao Dung , Le Van Lanh , Dang Thi Kieu Huong , Hua Nhu Ngoc
Published: March 2023

In this globalization era, there have been drastic changes taking place all over the world. People’s desires are fulfilled when they clearly express their ideas and opinions to others. Thus, they need to learn speaking skills in order to fulfill their ambitions, desires, and goals. However, it is so difficult for students to master this skill because they encounter some common problems when speaking. Therefore, the research entitled "A study on problems in speaking of English-majored freshmen at Tay Do University and some suggested solutions" was carried out in order to identify common problems in English speaking of English majored freshmen at Tay Do University and provide some suggested solutions. In this study, questionnaires and interview papers were used as the main instruments to collect the data. The participants were 80 English-majored freshmen in the two classes of English course 16 including 16A and 16B at Tay Do University. The study's findings revealed that freshmen majoring in English had several common problems with vocabulary, pronunciation, grammar, the influence of mother tongue, and psychology in speaking. It is expected that this study will assist English-majored freshmen at Tay Do University in recognizing and overcoming obstacles in the process of speaking.
 

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USE OF ONE-TO-ONE IPAD IN PRIMARY SCHOOL TO TEACH THE CONCEPT OF ENERGY IN PHYSICS: A CASE STUDY
Authors: Kotsis Konstantinos T. , Tsiouri Eleftheria
Published: March 2023

In recent years, technology has become an increasingly important tool in education. The use of technology in primary education has become increasingly popular in recent years, and the iPad has emerged as one of the most versatile and powerful tools for enhancing learning. This paper will focus on the impact of one-to-one iPad use in primary schools on teaching the concept of energy in physics. A total of 25 students in the 3rd grade from a primary school in Greece participated in the study, using iPads during their physics lessons. This study’s results showed that iPads significantly improved the student’s understanding of energy in physics. The students who used iPads had a more profound understanding of the concept, showed greater engagement and motivation and demonstrated a deeper understanding of the material.
 

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CHALLENGES MET AND STRATEGIES EMPLOYED BY THE SCHOOL HEADS IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF MODULAR DISTANCE LEARNING MODALITY
Authors: Arciaga Maritess B. , Astillero Susan F.
Published: March 2023

This study determined the challenges met and strategies employed by the school heads in Magallanes South District, Division of Sorsogon in the implementation of modular distance learning modality along with facilitating learning, provision for instructional materials, pupils’ development and teachers’ supervision and evaluation. This descriptive-survey research utilized survey questionnaires and unstructured interviews to 12 school heads, S.Y. 2021-2022. Results indicated that the topmost challenges met by the school heads were limited teaching interaction and risks in conducting home visitation, delimitation in the assessment components, insufficient budget allocation, inconsistency in giving grades and difficulty in validating pupils’ performance, the bulk of workloads and delimitation in the conduct classroom observation. Hence, to address the challenges, the participants devised strategies such as facilitation of community partnerships, home visitation, training and capacity building, realignment of funds, utilization of existing school resources, revised assessment criteria, a delegation of responsibilities, and scheduled teachers’ observation through video lesson presentation. It was concluded that the challenges were heightened and became inevitable due to the human mobility restrictions in different contexts due to the pandemic. These challenges muddle the academic and administrative functions of the school heads. However, despite the challenges, results illustrated the aptitude of the school leaders to lead by example and to show resiliency in maintaining and furthering the school institution through their creativity and intuitiveness in strategizing so as not to hamper the quality of education.
 

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AN EXPLORATORY STUDY OF STUDENTS EVALUATIONS OF THE QUALITY OF SELF-PACED ONLINE TESOL COURSES IN MOROCCO: INSIGHTS AND IMPLICATIONS
Authors: Qasserras Lhoussine , Qasserras Mohammed
Published: March 2023

The evaluation of the quality of self-paced online TESOL courses is critical for students to determine whether the course is effective and meets their learning needs. The global COVID-19 crisis necessitated the adoption of an urgent learning intervention represented in online education in general and online self-paced learning in particular. The study aimed to examine students' perceptions of the TESOL online course design, delivery, content, and assessment, and the use of technology in enhancing their learning experience. The research used questionnaires and interviews to understand the participants' perceptions towards this modality of education. Overall, students' evaluation of the quality of online self-paced courses revealed that participants generally had positive opinions about this mode of learning. However, some students expressed concerns, especially about the lack of interaction with instructors and peers, the delay in feedback and the need for self-discipline to stay on track. The study highlights the importance of considering the learners' perspectives when designing and delivering online TESOL courses and highlights the need to boost the interactive elements of the course and the quality of the supporting materials.
 

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MORPHOLOGICAL PRODUCTIVITY OF NOUN-FORMING SUFFIXES IN ENGLISH AT THE LEVEL OF WORD-FORMATION RULES
Authors: Mccray Maja Žarković
Published: March 2023

This paper studies the morphological productivity of noun-forming suffixes at the level of word-formation rules in a corpus comprised of news, literary, academic, and TV registers. The productivity at the aforementioned level is the union of the productivity at the level of word-formation types and morphological types, which implies showcasing the productivity rates of semantic and morphological interactions leading to conceptual categories. Presenting the productivity rates of these interactions is the main aim of the paper. After finding examples of complex nouns with various noun-forming suffixes, we then analyzed 1077 examples and categorized them into 6 different clusters (Action, Agent, State, Result, Instrument, and Object) using analytic, descriptive and statistical methods. The analysis of word-formation types shows that the highest productivity rates are achieved with word-formation types where the conceptual category of the stem was changed due to the semantic input the attached suffixes brought into the word structure, thus determining which clusters the formed nouns would fall into. The exceptions we found were [agent – agent] in Agent, [state – state] in State and [object – object] in Object where the interaction showed how conceptual categories of the stem were not changed but refined by the suffix. Morphological analysis shows the interaction of 37 different suffixes with simple or complex nouns, adjectives, and simple verbs. The only morphological type was stem + suffix, because we were primarily interested in the interaction of suffixes and stems and not in the analysis of the stem structure itself. The conclusions stemming from these analyses are the following: suffixes occur in one or multiple clusters, heavily influence the conceptual category of the stem, and can have the same or different meanings, confirming why they are effective mechanisms for inserting additional pieces of semantic information into the word structure, which was the initial hypothesis of the research.
 

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BRIEF ANALYSIS OF NONSENSE STOCK WITTICISMS IN BRAZILIAN PORTUGUESE
Authors: Brezolin Adauri
Published: March 2023

In this manuscript, I discuss the linguistic traits, the effect, and the function of combinations like “do not confuse X with Y”, commonly found in Brazilian Portuguese (não confunda X com Y). For that, I touch on issues related to phraseologisms, situational formulae, and stock phrases. Due to their peculiar syntax and semantics, I also discuss the presence of bisociative and absurd humor in such combinations. The study corpus consists of 40 occurrences extracted from the internet, mainly from blogs. My analysis has both reiterated the highly colloquial status of such structures, as a type of stock phrase used in a specific situation (warning someone about a possible confusion) and revealed that they make use of different linguistic mechanisms associated with nonsense, especially, through spoonerisms and wordplays, the result of which are illogical and absurd constructions.
 

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EFFECTIVENESS OF COOPERATIVE TEACHING METHODS ON STUDENTS’ SPEAKING SKILL IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE IN SOKOTO METROPOLIS, SOKOTO, NIGERIA
Authors: Yabo Armiya’u Malami
Published: March 2023

The study investigates the effectiveness of cooperative teaching methods on students’ speaking skill in English language in Sokoto Metropolis, Sokoto State, Nigeria. English Achievement tests were used for the study. A hypothesis was formulated to guide this study. Quasi-experimental pre-test/post-test control group design was adopted for this study. A sample of fifty (70) students in Junior Secondary School classes was drawn in one secondary school in Sokoto Metropolis through the availability sample technique and simple random sampling. A self-developed questionnaire was used in generated the data from the respondents and data was analysed using descriptive mean and standard deviation while inferential statistics of analysis of covariance (ANCOVA).The findings observed there is a significant effect on students’ speaking skill in English language when taught using cooperative teaching methods (P<0.05). The study revealed that cooperative teaching methods are a good method of teaching students’ speaking skill in English language. Therefore, it recommended that teachers should be encouraged the use cooperative learning to assess their students in schools because it involves teamwork which is linked to self-direction and boost confidence..
 

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INFLUENCE OF ENTREPRENEURIAL EDUCATION AND BEHAVIOUR ON STUDENTS' INTENTION TO START A BUSINESS IN MOROCCO: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY
Authors: Boujaddaine Ouiam , Taqi Ahmed
Published: March 2023

The role of entrepreneurship in economic development is significant, which is why business schools and universities are prioritizing entrepreneurship education. This research aims to determine the impact of these programs on individuals' intent to become entrepreneurs using Ajzen's theory of planning behavior. The survey method was used to gather data from 403 participants and SEM path analysis was employed to analyze the results. The findings suggest that feedback and business plan activities have a direct effect on entrepreneurial intention. This information can be utilized to improve entrepreneurship training courses and support their providers. Furthermore, the relationship between entrepreneurship and business planning can be leveraged by educational institutions, organizations, and policymakers to foster future entrepreneurs.

JEL: M13, M53

 

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SUSTAINABLE HIGHER EDUCATION CURRICULUM MANAGEMENT SYSTEM IN CHINA: THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVES
Authors: Xiaoyan Wang , Azam S. M. Ferdous , Tham Jacquline
Published: March 2023

This paper examines how China’s curriculum management system for higher education has been able to expand in a sustainable manner. This study examines a number of different facets of the Chinese curriculum management system for higher education as a means of doing a literature review. China, a country that is developing at a fast rate, is working hard to improve its education system. The country has to be rebuilt after a thirty-year battle that caused immeasurable pain. In order to meet the requirements of the nation, higher education is crucial. The framework of observed learning outcomes may be used to construct a curriculum that is centred on learning outcomes, hence improving the quality and alignment of national education. In the context of developing methodology, topic content, and course choices, curriculum designers assist education. In this period of fast change, there has been a growth in the number of curriculum authors who are concerned about pedagogy and curriculum. Most significantly, it gives curriculum developers access to data that is based on actual classroom experiences. The outcomes will be beneficial to both curriculum designers and college officials.
 

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FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE E-SHOPPING SATISFACTION OF HOUSEHOLD APPLIANCES CONSUMERS IN KLANG VALLEY, MALAYSIA
Authors: Sathiaseelah Latchumi , Suppiah Gowri , Khim Lee Khai , Inthiran Sivarantny , Inthiran Kantha , Kanapathipillai Kumaran
Published: March 2023

This study investigates the factors motivating the E-shopping satisfaction of consumers who purchase household appliances in Klang Valley, Malaysia. Four variables (security, website design, customer service, and customer experience) were identified and tested on their relationship to consumers' E-Shopping satisfaction with household appliances. To gather the data related to this study, questionnaires were distributed through the online Google platform to the consumers in Klang Valley. A total of 415 respondents contributed to the findings and conclusion of this study. These respondents are frequent internet users who are familiar with online purchasing. Therefore, it increased the research's credibility. Findings from this study indicated that three critical elements, website design, customer service, and customer experience, are significant and display a positive relationship to consumers' e-shopping satisfaction with household appliances. In contrast, this study illustrated that security is insignificant to consumers' e-shopping satisfaction with household appliances.

 

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THE NEEDS OF ACTIVE LEARNING AND HIGH-IMPACT EDUCATIONAL PRACTICES IN ONLINE PROGRAMS
Authors: Lu Hwangji S. , Smiles Robert
Published: March 2023

Adult learners take online courses or programs because of the convenience, cost-saving, flexible schedule, and work-life-school balance. In the United States, student enrollment in online education has proliferated in the past few decades. The online modality of providing education has become a crucial part of higher education. Online courses are in high demand. However, due to adult learners' characteristics and work-life situations, the course design and facilitation in online education can only partially replicate directly from the traditional classroom setting. Owing to high attrition rates in online classrooms, institutions and educators must carefully design or redesign courses relevant to the competitive job market demands. The need for contemporary instructional designs focusing on student-centered education is essential. Supported by comprehensive research studies, active learning, and high-impact educational practices have helped learners develop critical competencies and skills required by employers. Moreover, adopting appropriate pedagogical practices is necessary for better student engagement, academic performance, and retention rate.
 

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EFFECT OF 12 WEEKS SAQ AND CIRCUIT TRAINING ON DRIBBLING AND SHOOTING ABILITY OF SOCCER PLAYER
Authors: Farooque SM , Das Prasanta Kumar , Mitra Mukesh , Dhar Krishnendu
Published: March 2023

The research aims to find out the effect of 12 weeks SAQ and Circuit Training on skill ability of soccer players. The subjects were 30 males under 19 national level players. The selected players were divided into two different groups of SAQ and circuit group, consisting of 15 players each. Proper consent was taken from all the players and baseline data were collected before starting the training program. After the baseline collection, the players underwent the treatment for 12 weeks SAQ and Circuit Training for one hour each day for four days a week. The significant changes were found from baseline to post treatment in each player on Skill ability. The significant increase in shooting and dribbling were observed. The results indicate SAQ and Circuit Training program is an effective training program for soccer players to enhance their shooting and dribbling ability.
 

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DEVELOPMENTAL MILESTONES OF PRE-SCHOOL CHILDREN IN SELECTED DAY-CARE CENTER IN MANILA DISTRICT VI, PHILPPINES
Authors: Cabaluna Johdel , Paragua Shella
Published: March 2023

The study sought to determine the developmental milestones of preschool children in selected daycare centers in Manila District VI. This was conducted in a small community, namely Barangay 835 in Pandacan City. The instrument utilized in gathering data was a standardization test. Using the convenience sampling method to find the participants for the study, the researchers used the MMDST test form to conduct the survey on 25 preschoolers. Only 4- to 6-year-old preschoolers were included in the survey. Based on the findings of the study, it is concluded that the result of the MMDST scores of children enrolled in the daycare center of Barangay 835 shows that the language aspect was seen as having the most prominent delay, affecting 41% of the respondents, followed by the personal-social aspect with 32%, the gross motor adaptive aspect with 29%, and the fine motor aspect with 25%.
 

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IMPLEMENTING “THE GREAT UNION OF THE PEOPLE” TO PROTECT AND BUILD A REVOLUTIONARY GOVERNMENT IN VIETNAM IN THE PERIOD 1945 – 1946
Authors: Tham Hoang Thi
Published: March 2023

The strength of a country lies in its people. In order to succeed in every revolutionary cause, that source of strength must be exploited and mobilized first. Over the past 90 years, the Communist Party of Vietnam has had many successes and valuable experiences in promoting the strength of the great national unity bloc, typically in the years 1945-1946. By properly and creatively solving the problem of national unity, the Party has mobilized the entire nation's potential to the fullest in the work of protecting and building the government, bringing the revolution through the perilous period, creating the premise for glorious victories in the long-term resistance war against French colonialism and American imperialism and today's doi moi. The article focuses on clarifying the requirement to unite the whole people in Vietnam after the August Revolution in 1945, contents and measures to unite and unify the whole people in the years 1945-1946 and draws some comments.

 

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MINUTO TRIGONOMÉTRICO: A LUDICIDADE COMO FERRAMENTA PARA O ENSINO DE TRIGONOMETRIA / TRIGONOMETRIC MINUTE: PLAYFULNESS AS A TOOL FOR TEACHING TRIGONOMETRY
Authors: Capucho Mariana Galvão Sene Batista , De Faria Cássio Castilho Oliveira , De Paula Fernando José Lauria , Dos Santos Eduardo Ferro , Romão Estaner Claro
Published: March 2023

Este trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar o processo de desenvolvimento de um jogo educacional para o ensino da trigonometria, analisando a sua contribuição em elevar a taxa de aprendizagem dos alunos em relação aos conteúdos preconizados no primeiro ano do ensino médio. Para isso, é realizada uma pesquisa exploratória e de abordagem quantitativa, de natureza aplicada, com uma amostragem dada em alunos de ensino médio de uma escola pública, utilizando para isso o método de estudo de caso. Apresenta-se a criação, as regras e aplicação do jogo e também as aplicações dos pré e pós-testes. Em relação aos resultados obtidos, evidencia-se a evolução nas notas dos alunos após a aplicação do jogo, indicando o uso do mesmo como um instrumento capaz de elevar a taxa de aprendizagem dos alunos em trigonometria, além de construir um espaço propício e estimulante à aprendizagem.

This work aims to present the development process of an educational game for teaching trigonometry, analyzing its contribution in raising the students' learning rate in relation to the recommended contents in the first year of high school. For this, an exploratory research and a quantitative approach, of an applied nature, is carried out, with a sample given in high school students of a public school, using the case study method. The creation, rules and application of the game are presented, as well as the applications of pre and post-tests. Regarding the results obtained, the evolution in the students' grades after the application of the game is evident, indicating its use as an instrument capable of raising the students' learning rate in trigonometry, in addition to building a favorable and stimulating space for the learning.
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METACOGNITIVE SKILLS IN UNIVERSITY STUDENTS WITH AND WITHOUT AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS
Authors: Drossinou-Korea Maria
Published: March 2023

Students with and without autism spectrum disorders (ASD) receive support and general and special education services in the classrooms of theoretical and laboratory courses at universities. The present study aimed to refer to the training of cognitive skills with students supported by Targeted, Individual Structured Integration Interventions of Special Education and Training (TISIPIf [SET]). In the hypotheses of the present, the content of the metacognitive skills in relation to assessing the degree of difficulty in understanding the course and whether it affects the individual method of study was investigated. Furthermore, the positive perceptions of peers were examined that are reflected in positive emotional thinks. They formed into experiential interactions through the individual and small group works of students with and without Autism Spectrum Disorders [ASD]. [N=100] students from the Agricultural University of Athens [AUA] participated in group workshops on memory techniques in the academic year 2021-2022. They were grouped into (N = 20 students) who were diagnosed with ASD and (N = 80) without ASD. According to the content of the pedagogical tool TISIPfSEN has examined the academic achievements, psychosocial disability and aggressive behaviours were discussed in individual Special Education sessions. The results showed no significant differences between the two groups in metacognitive skills in metaperceptual behaviours, with the exception of metacognitive skills in the individual study method they are using in the courses and their academic success scores in them. All the students improved with the individual interventions of SET. The results are discussed in light of current approaches to supporting students with ASD in universities.
 

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EFFECTIVENESS OF INTERNATIONAL GRADUATE PROGRAM OF BULACAN STATE UNIVERSITY: BASIS FOR PROGRAM ENHANCEMENT
Authors: Pineda, Jr. Florentino G.
Published: March 2023

The study dealt with the Effectiveness of International Graduate Programs at BSU as a Basis for Program Enhancement. The research aims to evaluate its purpose, and its standard as indicated by academic standards, such as standards of competence, service standards, and organizational standards. One of the primordial considerations of the Graduate School is its goal to produce balanced, competent, research-oriented, and globally competitive graduates. Thus, the researcher conceptualized the study; to accomplish the needed interactions with the officials and students of BSU – Hong Kong Lifelong Education Organization Limited; to unearth issues and modern trends, policies, and programs for BSU adoption to benefit the local students and; to initiate or trail- blazed foreign researches for the upliftment the Research and Extension Services of Department, where B.S.U. had fallen short during previous evaluation. The study used the descriptive, quantitative design using survey-questionnaire and interviews as the primary data-gathering instruments. Documented data on the demographic profile of students, number of graduates, and ranking of BSU Hong Kong were also utilized. The enrolled graduate students of BSU Hong Kong, faculty, and administrators of BSU Hong Kong were the respondents of the study.
 

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SELF–ESTEEM, PEER PRESSURE, EXAMINATION ANXIETY AND ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF SENIOR SECONDARY STUDENTS IN DELTA NORTH SENATORIAL DISTRICT, NIGERIA
Authors: Mordi P. , Onoyase A.
Published: March 2023

This study examined self-esteem, peer pressure, examination anxiety and the academic performance of senior secondary students in Delta North Senatorial District of Delta State. Six research questions and six hypotheses guided the study. The study adopted a correlational research design. The population of the study comprised all public Senior Secondary School Three (SSS 3) students in Delta North Senatorial District. The sample of the study comprised 1,647 senior secondary school students in Delta North Senatorial District. A multistage sampling procedure was used. A questionnaire and students’ English Language questions were used for data collection in this study. The face validity of the questionnaire was examined through experts’ judgment while factor analysis was used to estimate its content and construct validities. The reliability was tested by using Cronbach’s alpha for estimating the internal consistency of the instrument. This yielded a reliability index of 0.61 for Self-Esteem Rating Scale; 0.70 for Peer Pressure Rating Scale; and 0.71 for Examination Anxiety Rating Scale. The data obtained were analysed with Pearson’s coefficient of determination and regression statistics at a 0.05 level of significance. The findings of the study revealed that there is a significant relationship between self-esteem and academic performance; between peer pressure and academic performance; between examination anxiety and academic performance; and among self-esteem, peer pressure, examination anxiety and the academic performance of senior secondary school students. The study, however, found that there is no significant moderating impact of sex and school location on the relationship between self-esteem, peer pressure, examination anxiety and the academic performance of senior secondary school students. The study recommended that Guidance counsellors should implement the psychoeducational program in schools to provide a chance for students to express themselves and develop their self-esteem and self-confidence.
 

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Оценка точности одного метода ускоренного определения предела выносливости
Authors: Konoplev A.V. , Shumilo А.N. , Kononova O.N. , Cheredarchuk N.I. , Halevskyi V.V. , Rozhko Е.К. , Arpentieva V.O.
Published: March 2023

В статье рассмотрена задача, связанная с расчётным определением точности метода ускоренного косвенного определения предела выносливости. На основе схемы испытаний, метода генерирования случайных чисел, а также связей между параметрами наклонного участка кривой усталости и пределом выносливости предложен подход для определения систематической, случайной и общей погрешностей рассматриваемого метода.
The Spanish Origins of Limiting Royal Power in the Medieval Western World: The Cortes of León and their Decreta (1188)
Authors: Masferrer Aniceto
Published: March 2023

The Decreta of the kingdom of León was issued by King Alfonso IX in 1188, in the setting of the Cortes of León, a medieval parliamentary body. According to UNESCO, this Cortes represents the first documented example of parliamentarism in history, since the curia regis was extended to incorporate deputies of the relevant citites, thus including representatives of the cities’ political forces and merchants. The Decreta is also the first medieval charter of freedoms that has survived (in copies). An analysis of the conditions under which the Decreta was created and the content of this charter of freedom reflects local political conditions, but also universal values.
The Hungarian Golden Bull and its Place among European Legal Sources
Authors: Balogh Elemér
Published: March 2023

The Golden Bull, issued by King Andrew II of Hungary in 1222, was a milestone among contemporary Hungarian constitutional documents and a significant European document. It was drafted and published 800 years ago, and its significance lives on to this day, and is still a lively topic of modern constitutional law thinking. The 13th and 14th centuries were the age of the golden bull in Europe, as legal documents with similar content and character were produced not only in Hungary but throughout the continent, such as the Magna Charta Libertatum (1215) in England, the Danish constitutional charter (1282) and, a century later, the German Golden Bull (1356). The name “golden bull” itself refers to a kind of ceremonial exceptionalism; the use of the metal seal (bulla) was adopted from Byzantium. In the Middle Ages, the use of seals was in itself a highly important authentication procedure, since it provided a visible and tangible proof of the identity of the issuer to the largely illiterate members of society, and indirectly indicated the importance of the contents of the document. The Hungarian Golden Bull and its European counterparts carried significant public law and constitutional content. Such royal charters were essentially letters of privilege. Often they were the result of real social movements and dissatisfaction with the central power. The golden bulls can also be seen as the borderline institutions of the two (legal) historical periods of feudalism and polity, namely as constitutional documents that were conceived on the intellectual ground of feudal law, but were manifestations of an approach and a demand that was already oriented towards the political and legal concepts of the polity. Of the provisions of the Golden Bull, I would like to highlight the element dealing with the administration of justice. Its main lesson is that, for the first time, it establishes the fact, place and time of personal, institutionalised royal justice in the promise of regular annual judgments. The Golden Bull is still with us today: an exact replica of the royal seal of the Golden Bull hangs around the necks of the members of the Hungarian Constitutional Court, which was established in 1990, and a facsimile of the Golden Bull adorns the walls of the meeting room of the regular deliberations of the judges of the Constitutional Court.
The Paradoxical Framework of French Royal Power
Authors: Chabrot Christophe
Published: March 2023

The French monarchy is not organized by a particular Bulla aurea, because it has never known a counter-power strong enough to impose rules on it like in England the Magna carta adopted by Parliament or in Hungary the Bulla aurea of 1222. On the contrary, it triumphed, sometimes by art and sometimes by luck, of all those who wanted to limit it: King of England, German Emperor, Duke of Burgundy and various local lords or the mayor of Paris, parliamentarians, States General. But becoming an absolute monarchy, the Crown then had to paradoxically protect itself from the will or weaknesses of its own kings. With the Hundred Years War against England, it first consecrated by its jurists the Salic Law, Frankish customary law put in writing by the first King Clovis around the year 500, and in particular the rule of succession by automatic inheritance and by male primogeniture, which will be applied throughout continental Europe and which prevents the king from choosing his successor. Subsequently, other endogenous rules will be put in place to strengthen the power of the Crown by imposing itself on the king. These rules which establish French as the official language or which prohibit the dispersal of lands in the royal domain, for example, will become the Fundamental Laws of the kingdom which the monarchs must respect and which still form part of French public law today.
Private Law Institutions in the Golden Bull
Authors: Homoki-Nagy Mária
Published: March 2023

Among the provisions of the Golden Bull that concern public law, there is one that concerns private law, namely the law of succession. This so-called Article 4 mentions three questions. Firstly, it confirms the ancient custom that if the testator has descendants, they inherit the estate. If there are no descendants, the Golden Bull has given the testator the opportunity to dispose freely of his property. This is the measure to which the literature links the emergence of the right of testamentary disposition in the Hungarian legal system. The freedom of testamentary disposition is, however, limited by the institution of the daughter’s quarter, which must be given to the daughter’s heirs from the paternal ancestral property. Finally, the Golden Bull also establishes the ancient rules of legal inheritance by stating that if the testator had no descendants and no will, his ascendants or collateral relatives, ultimately the king, inherited the estate. The paper seeks to answer the question whether the possibility of making a will really only appeared in 1222. The documentary evidence of the 12th and 13th centuries provides evidence that wills were made with royal approval even before the Golden Bull. After 1222, the practice of requiring the king’s approval for a will to be valid continued, as attested by the royal seals on the documents. The other question is the scope of the legal inheritance in the century of the Golden Bull, which meant the lateral relatives of the clan. Initially, this did not extend beyond the grandparents’ parental lineage, but later, in order to preserve the ancestral property of the clan, the circle of collateral relatives who claimed the inheritance became wider and wider. This ambition was strengthened when the nobility asked the King’s approval to leave their property exclusively to their descendants. This eventually led to the issue of the decree of 1351, when Louis the Great renewed the Golden Bull, but deleted Article 4 of it, stating that the law of descent was to be the law of descent.
The General Privilege of Aragon of 1283 as a Fundamental Document of Medieval State Organisation
Authors: Czeguhn Ignacio
Published: March 2023

The article deals with the privilege of Peter III in Aragón. It examines the content of the privilege and its consequences for the further development of the Aragonese kingdom in the Middle Ages. In particular, the relationship between the king and the nobility is examined. It also explores the extent to which the privilege can be regarded as a document that stands in the tradition of European fundamental laws.
Golden Bull of Sicily
Authors: Wihoda Martin
Published: March 2023

The study ponders the contradiction between the period significance of a set of documents from 1212 known today as the Golden Bull of Sicily and its position in the present discourse of Czech sites of memory. It points out that the Golden Bull of Sicily is, in essence, an agreement between a feudal lord and a vassal, namely future King of the Romans Frederick II of Sicily and King of Bohemia Ottokar I. Today, however, it is presented to the Czech public as a document of extraordinary national and constitutional-law significance. The study shows on the transformations of Czech historical thought that the Golden Bull of Sicily only became a site of memory in the twentieth century, in connection with the defence of Czech state and national independence against Nazi Germany on the eve of the Second World War.
ANALISIS POLA PERSEBARAN DAN KETERJANGKAUAN SMA/SMK DI KOTA SALATIGA MENGGUNAKAN ANALISIS BUFFERING & NEAREST NEIGHBOR
Authors: Sapakoly Vincent , Papilaya Frederik Samuel
Published: March 2023

In Salatiga City, namely at the SMA & SMK levels, this study intends to examine the accessibility, distribution pattern, and affordability of educational facilities. In this study, buffering analysis, nearest neighbor analysis, and quantitative descriptive data analysis were employed as the methodology. The information utilized was collected from INAGeoportal, Indonesia's national geoportal that links numerous Ministries, Institutions, Provinces, and Regions that collaborate with Google Earth to connect the National Geospatial Information Network. The result of this study shows that The distribution of high schools and vocational education institutions in Salatiga City is categorized as a cluster pattern with a nearest neighbor index of 0.52, according to the results of nearest neighbor analysis using average nearest neighbor formula in ArcGIS Pro App and according to buffering analysis, it is recognized that all the school at the highschool levels in Salatiga region are reachable.
Level of Tourist Satisfaction in the Local Beaches of Calbayog City
Authors: Villones Roda , Laurel Lovely , Nueva Marilyn , Meregildo Ivy Ann , Moreno Alma, , Macorol Roland , Serbosquez Ana Jane , Tarrayo Hanalie , Tobes Neil Ericka , Turla Norjen , Amor Ghilson
Published: March 2023

Beach Tourism is one of the staple sectors in the industry of tourism. Domestic and International tourists invest time and money to experience different coastal activities for pleasure and excitement. Tourism reshapes as societal trends changes in a consistent manner. Thus, it affects consumer behavior and satisfaction. Tourist satisfaction is paramount to the success of any business. This study is conducted to determine the level of tourist satisfaction on local beaches of Calbayog City in selected aspects, i.e., Accommodation, Climate, Safety, Scenery, and Water Quality. The respondents were the tourists and beach operators in Calbayog City. The study utilized the descriptive-assessment method of research to incarcerate tourists' satisfaction fully. In the processing of data, this study utilized frequency and percentage distribution to describe the profile of the respondents, mean and standard deviation, chisquare test, while one-way analysis of variance to assess the results of the study. The results of the study revealed that there was no significant difference between the profile of the respondents to the perceived level of tourist satisfaction on the local beaches of Calbayog City. Thus, the study failed to reject the null hypothesis. The study also revealed a significant relationship between the profile of the respondents to the perceived level of tourist satisfaction on the local beaches of Calbayog City. Thus, the study rejects the null hypothesis. The researchers proposed an improvement plan that will develop and promote the potential of the local beaches in Calbayog City.
Study to Determine the Safety and Efficacy of Teneligliptin (20 Mg) in Naive Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors:   Associate Professor, P.G. Dept. of Medicine, S.N. Medical College Agra UP, Chandra Subhash , Chaudhary Pulkit ,   Senior Resident, P.G. Dept. of Medicine, S.N. Medical College Agra UP, Baranwal Vagish ,   Junior Resident, P.G. Dept. of Medicine, S.N. Medical College Agra UP
Published: March 2023

Background: Teneligliptin is a novel, highly selective DPP-4 inhibitor with long half-life, approved in Japan (2012) and in Korea (2014) to treat patients of type 2 DM. It is characterized by a considerably rigid structure formed by five consecutive rings. Teneligliptin, 20mg/day as monotherapy and combination therapy in type 2 DM was shown to be effective in reducing HbA1c and fasting plasma glucose levels without any significant adverse events. Present study was conducted to determine the safety and efficacy of Teneligliptin (20 mg) in naive type 2 diabetes mellitus. Materials and methods: The present study was a hospital based prospective study undertaken to study the safety and efficacy of teneligliptin (20 mg) in naïve type 2 diabetes mellitus. Newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus patients within age group 18-70 years were studied. All patients were assessed for Blood sugar levels (Fasting and Postprandial HbA1C, Serum urea, Serum Creatinine, Serum uric acid, Lipid profile and ECG. Results: The mean age of total patients was 52.86 ±9.24 years. The mean HbA1c among patients with DM was 7.76 ±1.61. The mean serum urea was 29.12±6.58mg/dl while Serum creatinine was 1.08±0.18 mg/dl. The mean fasting Blood sugar of the patients before treatment was 123.55 ±10.72 and 103.12 ±8.63 mg/dl after treatment with statistical significant difference (p<0.05). The mean blood urea of the patients before treatment was 29.12 ±6.58 and 20.86 ±5.04 mg/dl after treatment with no statistical significant difference. (p >0.05) The mean QT interval of the patients before treatment was 0.37±0.03 and 0.38±0.03 seconds after treatment with statistical non-significant difference (p <0.05). Conclusion: The present study concludes that, Teneligliptin, a novel DPP-4I, when prescribed as a monotherapy antidiabetic agent in a dose of 20 mg daily, significantly improved glycemic parameters. The results of this study suggest that teneligliptin can be considered to be an effective antidiabetic agent in the management of Indian patients with type naive 2 Diabetes Mellitus.