bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Design and Research on the Intelligent System of Urban Rail Transit Project based on BIM+GIS
Authors: Liu Yan , Shah Mohd Asif , Pljonkin Anton , Ikbal Mohammad Asif , Shabaz Mohammad
Published: October 2021

Building Information Modeling (BIM) technology has been widely used in the construction industry, especially in the field of civil construction. BIM standards, basic software and management platforms are relatively mature. The urban rail transit projects are linear projects, they not only span long lines, multiple regions, involve multiple disciplines, and are difficult to coordinate, but also have complex surrounding environments and high safety requirements. Therefore, their needs for integrated construction and operation applications are more concentrated. In order to solve the problems of data isolation, single display form, abnormal situation notification and delayed processing in urban rail transit construction monitoring, combined with GIS+BIM technology, a complete set of construction monitoring information management process and data organization plan is proposed, and the development is oriented. The construction monitoring system of project construction management focuses on solving the problems of the integration, display, early warning and secondary early warning of construction monitoring data. The system realizes the functions of input, storage, processing, three-dimensional display and early warning of measuring point information and daily measurement information. It is integrated with the GIS+BIM management and control platform, and the project is carried out in the construction project of Qingdao Rail Transit Line 8. Application, interact with functions such as model browsing, schedule control, engineering quantity management, video monitoring, etc., to improve the management efficiency and safety quality level of on-site construction.The mainstream GIS and BIM data based research on construction monitoring data standards promote the in-depth integration of construction monitoring data and improve the data entry and association efficiency.
Cloud based Resource Scheduling Methodology for Data-Intensive Smart Cities and Industrial Applications
Authors: Ma Shiming , Chen Jichang , Zhang Yang , Shrivastava Anand , Mohan Hari
Published: October 2021

For the data-intensive applications, resource planning and scheduling has become an important part for smart cities. The cloud computing techniques are being used for planning and scheduling of resources in data-intensive applications. The regular methodologies being used are adequately successful for giving the asset allotment yet they do not provide time effectiveness during task execution. This article presents an effective and time prioritization based smart resource management platform employing the Cuckoo Search based Optimized Resource Allocation (CSO-RA) methodology. The opensource JStorm platform is utilized for dynamic asset planning while using big data analytics and the outcomes of the experimentation are observed using various assessment parameters. The proposed (CSO-RA) system is compared with the current methodologies like particle swarm optimization (PSO), ant colony optimization (ACO) and genetic algorithm (GA) based optimization methodologies and the viability of the proposed framework is established. The percentage of optimality observed for CSO-RA algorithm is 97\% and overall resource deployment rate of 28\% is achieved using CSO-RA method which is comparatively much better than PSO, GA and ACO conventional algorithms. Feasible outcomes are obtained by using the CSO-RA methodology for cloud computing based large scale optimization-based data intensive industrial applications.
A Cluster based Intelligent Method to Manage Load of Controllers in SDN-IoT Networks for Smart Cities
Authors: Keshari Surendra Kumar , Kansal Vineet , Kumar Sumit
Published: October 2021

Software Defined Network (SDN) is a programmable network which separates the control logic-plane and hardware data-plane. The SDN centrally manages different Internet of Things (IoT) enabled smart devices like, actuators and sensors connected in the networks. Smart city infrastructure is an application of IoT network which purpose is to manage the city network without human interventions. To collect the real time data, such smart devices generate large amount of data and increasing the traffic in network. To maintain the quality of services (QoS) of smart city IoT networks, the SDN needs to deploy the multi-controllers. But the communication performance reduces due to unbalance load distribution on controllers. To balance the traffic load of controller an intelligent cluster based Grey Wolf Optimization Affinity Propagation (GWOAP) Algorithm is proposed when deploying the multiple controllers in SDN-IoT enabled smart city networks. The proposed algorithm is simulated and the experimental results able to calculates the minimum overall communication cost in comparison with Genetic Algorithm (GA), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Affinity Propagation (AP). The proposed GWOAP better balance the IoT enabled smart switches among clusters and node equalization is balanced for each controller in deployed topology. By using the proposed methodology, the traffic load of IoT enabled devices in smart city networks intelligently better balance among controllers.
Effects of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) supplementation in the diet on the growth, small intestinal histomorphology, and digestibility of hybrid ducks
Authors: Suwignyo Bambang , Rini Eprilia Aristia , Fadli Muhammad Khoerul , Ariyadi Bambang
Published: October 2021

Background and Aim: Feed plays the most important role in supporting livestock productivity. There is a need for studies on the nutrient levels in feed absorbed by the body of livestock. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) supplementation in feed on growth, small intestinal histomorphology, and digestibility in hybrid ducks.

Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in vivo using 75 hybrid ducks, with three treatments and five replications. Each replication consisted of five ducks. The treatments were: T0=basal ration without any alfalfa supplementation; T1=basal ration+3% fresh alfalfa supplementation; and T2=basal ration+6% fresh alfalfa supplementation. Fresh alfalfa was quantified on the basis of dry matter content. Drinking water was provided ad libitum. The observed variables were growth performance, measured in terms of feed consumption, body weight gain, and feed conversion ratio; duodenum histomorphology, measured in terms of villus height, villus width, and crypt depth; digestibility, measured in terms of dry matter digestibility; and organic matter, crude protein, and crude fiber concentrations. The data were analyzed using variance analysis with a completely randomized design of one-way pattern with Statistical Product for Service Solution application of version 22. The data with significant differences were further analyzed using Duncan's new multiple range rest.

Results: The results of the study showed that 3% alfalfa supplementation increased feed consumption and body weight gain of the hybrid ducks at 35 days of age compared with 0% and 6% supplementation. Furthermore, 3% alfalfa supplementation presented the best result in terms of villus height and duodenal crypt depth. Meanwhile, 6% alfalfa supplementation decreased nutrient digestibility in the ducks.

Conclusion: These findings show that supplementation of feed with fresh alfalfa could have a significant effect on hybrid ducks in terms of growth performance, small intestinal histomorphology, and digestibility.
Effect of Lithium Chloride Concentration on Its Neuroprotective Properties in Ischemic Stroke in Rats
Authors: Cherpakov R. A. , Grebenchikov O. A.
Published: October 2021

Currently, a number of experimental studies have demonstrated compelling evidence of neuro-, cardio-, and nephroprotective properties of medications containing lithium chloride.Aim of the study. To evaluate the effect of various concentrations of lithium chloride on ischemic stroke volume and perifocal edema in rats after cerebral ischemia.Material and methods. Male mongrel rats weighing 315±13.5 g were used in the study. The focal ischemia model according to Longa et al. was employed. The animals (n=35) were divided into 5 groups: sham-operated, control group (ischemic stroke model with NaCl 0.9% administration) and three groups who received lithium chloride in different concentrations (4.2 mg/kg, 21 mg/kg and 63 mg/kg). Lithium chloride was administered immediately after cessation of middle cerebral artery occlusion and then every 24 h until euthanasia. To assess the degree of brain damage, the animals underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) on day 2, and brain sections stained with 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride were evaluated after euthanasia on day 7. Intergroup differences were assessed using the Mann-Whitney criterion.Results. According to MRI data, lithium chloride at a dose of 4.2 mg/kg had no significant effect on ischemic stroke volume and perifocal edema versus the control group on day 2 (P=0.9). With lithium chloride at 21 mg/kg, stroke volume and perifocal edema were significantly lower than in the control group (by 25%, P=0.04 and 18%, P=0.03, respectively). Lithium chloride at a dose of 63 mg/kg was more likely to reduce stroke volume (by 45%, P=0.004) and perifocal edema (by 35%, P=0.007). When determining lesion volume on day 7, the data were comparable to those obtained on day 2. With the 21 mg/kg dose, stroke volume was 20% lower than in the control group (P=0.04). Lithium chloride, 63 mg/kg, reduced stroke volume by 40% (P=0.004).Conclusion. Lithium chloride dose affects necrotic focus formation and manifestations of perifocal cerebral edema after middle cerebral artery occlusion. The maximum reduction in the volume of ischemic stroke and perifocal edema was observed when the 63 mg/kg dose was used.
Relation between the Severity of the Sensorimotor Cortical Edema with Cell Swelling and the Duration of Common Carotid Artery Occlusion in Rats (Morphometric Study)
Authors: Stepanov S. S. , Avdeev D. V. , Akulinin V. A. , Shoronova A. Yu. , Makarieva L. M. , Korzhuk M. S.
Published: October 2021

The aim of the study. To examine the changes in structure and morphometry in sensorimotor cortical edema with cell swelling in mature white rats after common carotid artery occlusion of various durations.Material and methods. Acute ischemia was modeled on white adult Wistar rats by 20-, 30- and 40-min occlusion of the common carotid arteries (CCA). Histological (hematoxylin-eosin and Nissl staining), immunohistochemical (NSE, MAP-2, GFAP) and morphometric methods were used. Morphometry was assessed on hematoxylin and eosin-stained specimens using ImageJ 1.53 plug-ins (Find Maxima, Find Foci). Statistical hypothesis testing (nonparametric criteria) was performed using Statistica 8.0 software.Results. In the sensorimotor cortex (SMC) of white rats after 20, 30 and 40 minutes of CCA occlusion the signs of cytotoxic brain edema appeared, focal destructive and adaptive changes of neurons and astroglia evolved. The edema persisted throughout the observation period (7 days). The increase in the relative area, the number of cell swelling zones and their hydration (pixel brightness) was significant. On days 1 and 3 after CCA occlusion, some of the SMC astrocyte processes underwent destruction. Subpial and perivascular zones suffered to a greater extent. Mild and moderate (after unilateral 30-min CCA occlusion) to moderate and severe (after bilateral 40-min CCA occlusion) scattered structural and functional changes of the SMC with large areas of clearing in the «porous» neuropil, severe perivascular and perineuronal edema of the astrocyte processes developed. The latter was associated with a moderate reduction of the total neuronal density.Conclusion. After occlusion of CCA, signs of edema with cellular swelling appeared in the SMC amid dystrophic and necrotic pyramidal neurons and activated neuroglial cells. To a greater extent, the signs of brain swelling were evident three days after bilateral 40-min occlusion of CCA.
The 85th Anniversary of the V.A. Negovsky Research Institute of General Rehabilitology, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology (Editorial)
Authors: Moroz V. V. , Kuzovlev A. N. , Luginina E. V. , Grechko A. V.
Published: October 2021

Reanimatology (the science of resuscitation) represents the science of critical illness, terminal and postresuscitation conditions, originated within the walls of the V. A. Negovsky Research Institute of General Rean-imatology, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology, turns 85 years old on October 19, 2021. This editorial briefly describes the history of the development of the Institute, as well as the current scientific achievements of the Institute staff.
Prevention of vulnerabilities arising from optimization of code with Undefined Behavior
Authors: Baev Roman Vyacheslavovich , Skvortsov Leonid Vladlenovich , Kudryashov Evgeny Alekseevich , Buchatskiy Ruben Arturovich , Zhuykov Roman Aleksandrovich
Published: October 2021

Aggressive optimization in modern compilers may uncover vulnerabilities in program code that did not lead to bugs prior to optimization. The source of these vulnerabilities is in code with undefined behavior. Programmers use such constructs relying on some particular behavior these constructs showed before in their experience, but the compiler is not obliged to stick to that behavior and may change the behavior if it’s needed for optimization since the behavior is undefined by language standard. This article describes approaches to detection and elimination of vulnerabilities arising from optimization in the case when source code is available but its modification is undesirable or impossible. Concept of a safe compiler (i.e. compiler that ensures no vulnerability is added to the program during optimization) is presented and implementation of such a compiler on top of GCC compiler is described. Implementation of safe compiler’s functionality is divided into three security levels whose applicability is discussed in the article. Feasibility of using the safe compiler on real-world codebases is demonstrated and possible performance losses are estimated.
Features of fuzzing network interfaces without source codes
Authors: Sharkov Ivan Vladimirovich , Padaryan Vartan Andronikovich , Khenkin Petr Vladimirovich
Published: October 2021

The digital transformation of society is leading to the creation of a large number of distributed automated information systems in various areas of modern life. The need to meet security and reliability requirements prompts the creation of tools for their automated testing. Fuzzing within the security development lifecycle (SDL) is a strictly required tool for solving this problem. Tools for fuzzing binary-only applications are in demand too. These kind of fuzzing tools provide the search for critical defects in already functioning systems. It is especially acute when researching the security of proprietary systems operating using closed protocols. In the course of the research, it was found out that for fuzzing network applications in the absence of source codes, the use of universal fuzzers is complicated by many factors. These circumstances are pushing for the creation of an easy-to-use tool for network applications fuzzing. The paper discusses the features of fuzzing of this kind of programs and suggests possible solutions to the identified tasks.
Mejora continua al Sistema de Aseguramiento de la Calidad de las auditorías internas
Authors: Solano-Cruz Giovanni
Published: October 2021

Esta investigación tiene un enfoque cuantitativo y es tipo descriptivo. Se aplica a los auditores internos y personal técnico colaborador de 22 Unidades de Auditoría Interna gubernamentales, un cuestionario de 44 preguntas dividido en las tres variables que sustentan la investigación:  metodología de las Unidades de Auditoría Interna para el aseguramiento de la calidad;  aplicación del marco normativo y mejoras prácticas; y fortalezas y debilidades de las Unidades de Auditoría Interna. Los resultados muestran que las auditorías internas están conformadas por personal que reúne los requisitos académicos y experiencia; sin embargo, se debe mejorar la calidad del trabajo, implementando recomendaciones como la medición y análisis de los indicadores de gestión, inclusión de auditorías operativas en el plan anual de trabajo, implementación de mejores prácticas mundiales, uso de herramientas tecnológicas, identificación de riesgos, capacitación profesional continua, adopción de un sistema de gestión de la calidad, etc.
Effect of silicon solubilizing bacteria with organic N inputs on fertility status of soil and Pongamia pinnata (Karanj)
Authors: Tembhurkar R.A. , Dahule D.D. , Pathare I.S.
Published: October 2021

The present investigation entitled “Effect of silicon solubilizing bacteria with organic N inputs on fertility status of soil and growth of Pongamia pinnata.” was carried out during 2017-18 and the details of materials used and methods adopted during the period of investigation. was conducted at Agroforestry Research farm, College of Agriculture Nagpur. The representative soil samples from the zone of maximum feeder root concentration at a depth of 0 – 20 cm and at a distance of 110 to 125 cm from the trunk were collected by using soil auger during May 2017 and final soil samples were collected treatment wise.the application of 5ml SSB along with 200g N from Vermicompost tree-1 improving the soil health by improving the soil physico-chemical properties and plant growth parameters.It is concluded that, the application of 5 ml SSB along with 200 g N from VC tree-1 have positive effect on availability of all nutrient as well as biological properties and microbial population of soil. For the better growth of Pongamia pinnata application of SSB along with organic residues in general and specifically VC was beneficial than using SSB alone.
Role of members’ participation and satisfaction in cooperative success
Authors: Kashyap Dipanjan , Bhuyan Sanjib
Published: October 2021

Member-owned business organizations, such as cooperatives (or co-ops), are engaged in various economic activities that touch our everyday lives. In developing countries like India, there are various advantages for small farmers in joining a cooperative, including lowering costs of marketing, purchasing inputs, bargaining, etc. Agricultural cooperatives are common in India but studies focusing on member commitment, participation, and satisfaction are not available to the best of our knowledge. Research has shown that cooperatives rely on their members’ commitment, participation, and patronage for success (Bhuyan, 2007; Sexton and Iskow, 1988 and Fulton and Adamowicz, 1993). Therefore, successful managers and directors try to understand their members’ characteristics, values, needs, satisfaction, and goals, among other factors to manage their cooperative business (Bhuyan and Leistritz, 2001). The principal goal of this pilot study, therefore, is to examine members’ participation and satisfaction with their cooperatives in a large dairy cooperative from Assam, India (Sitajakhala Dairy Cooperative Society). This dairy cooperative currently has over 1,000 member-owners and it processes fluid milk as well as limited number of milk-based processed products for the retail markets. We use both parametric and non-parametric statistical analyses to fulfill our study objective. Results of the pilot study shows that a large majority of members were satisfied with how the Sitajakhala Co-op was being managed. Similarly, a large majority of members also participated in cooperative activities and exercised their rights (voting). We also find that member satisfaction and participation were uniform across members’ demographic and economic characteristics.
Hydropower potential in Assam: Assessment and analysis
Authors: Panme Florence Akangle , Sethi Laxmi Narayan
Published: October 2021

Electricity is a must in every aspect of life. It has been identified as a fundamental human desire. It is the foundation of a country’s socio-economic growth. The provision of low-cost electricity to rural India is critical to the country’s overall growth. The service sector has made a significant contribution to our economy’s development. The availability of a high-quality electricity supply is critical to the sector’s long-term development. Energy consumption is rapidly increasing, as are greenhouse gas emissions from the energy industry. In terms of socio-economic indicators, Assam lags behind the rest of India. The vast hydroelectric potential of the area is due to the abundance of seasonal rivers and water bodies. However, it has been observed that hydropower development is hampered by a number of factors, including technical difficulties, political problems, a lack of adequately investigated projects, environmental concerns, power evacuation issues and many more. Exploitation of the huge hydro potential in Assam could be used for export to the power deficit regions of the country. Construction of infrastructure in remote hilly areas, communications, and energy supply, will benefit the country as a whole, resulting in a higher standard of living. The study’s aim is to determine the current power situation in Assam in terms of hydropower and also highlighting the region’s hydropower sector’s potential opportunities and challenges.
Dairy entrepreneurship development in North East India: A case study of Friendship Dairy and Agro Product Unit of Manipur
Authors: Devi Hidangmayum Aisolia , Kashyap Dipanjan , Devi Rajkumari R. , Kikon Pithunglo L. , Choudhury Jharna
Published: October 2021

India has been the leading producer and consumer of dairy products worldwide since 1998 with sustained growth in the availability of milk and milk products. Dairy activities form an essential part of the rural Indian economy, serving as a critical source of employment and income. The dairy market in India reached a value of INR 10,527 billion in 2019. As of 2020, approximately 4.2 per cent of India’s gross domestic product is due to dairy production. The present study was performed at Friendship Dairy and Agro Product Unit of Manipur to examine the product availability and performance and also to investigate the marketing strategies and analyze the marketing channels. Both primary and secondary data were collected for the study The major products of Friendship Dairy are pasteurized toned milk, pasteurized curd, ghee and paneer which are available in different packs and sizes. Highest net sales (Rs. 2,78,78,928.00) and profit (Rs. 5,04,442.00) of Friendship Dairy were recorded in 2018-19. Two prominent marketing channels were identified in the study and marketing channel comprising of Producer – Distributor – Retailer – Consumer was found to be dominant through which nearly 78 per cent of the milk and milk products were moved around the Imphal City. The firm has effective marketing strategies with respect to products, price and promotions, which may help them in running the enterprise successfully for a longer period of time.
Comparative economic analysis of fish cum pig and fish cum dairy integrated farming systems
Authors: Choudhury Jharna , Kashyap Dipanjan , Kikon P. L. , Devi Rajkumari R. , Devi H. Aisolia
Published: October 2021

Integrated fish farming is a system of producing fish in combination with other agricultural/livestock farming operations centered around the fish pond. The study was conducted in Kalong-Kapili NGO of Kamrup (Metro) district of Assam with the objectives of evaluating the cost and return aspects of fish cum pig and fish cum dairy farming systems and identifying the more profitable integration model which gives optimum utilization of given resources. A total of 44 farmers comprising of 24 fish cum pig farmers and 20 fish cum dairy farmers were randomly selected for data collection. Based on data collected, economic analysis of the integrated farming systems were done by using various cost and return concepts. Total operational cost (Cost C) in fish cum pig farming (Rs. 554832.18) was found lower than fish cum dairy farming (Rs. 632267.66). Net income (Rs. 787609.42) and benefitcost ratio (2.42) were found higher in fish-pig integration, which clearly states that integrated fish cum pig farming is more profitable than integrated fish cum dairy farming.
A study of life cycle of vegetable pests in Ranchi
Authors: Agrawal Rashika , Keshari Seema
Published: October 2021

The study is done to investigate the different pests found in the vegetables in Ranchi. The pests who damage these vegetables are Plutella xylostella (cauliflower pest), Earias vittella (Okra Pest), Etiella zinckenella (pea pod borer) and Thysanoplusia orichalcea (coriander leaf pest). The pests’ life cycle was studied in detail by culturing the insect in the laboratory. Pest problem is one of the major constarints for getting good yield in the agricultural crops. India also suffers a huge loss in crop yield due to pests and diseases each year. The study of life cycle of the pests show that the insects undergo metamorphosis and the larval stage is the damaging phase of the life cycle. The use of pesticides to kill the pests causes environmental pollution which has become an increasing problem.
Assessment of productivity of pangas catfish (Pangasius pangasius, Hamilton-1822) culture in jute retting pond in Murshidabad district
Authors: Patra Samiran , Roy Uttam
Published: October 2021

Murshidabad district is the highest jute producer district in West Bengal where maximum numbers of ponds beels, canals and irrigational channels are being used for jute retting from July to September and after retting, water bodies remain uncultured. But few farmer’s, they were culture traditionally with IMC and exotic carps and getting very low yield (3.66q ha-1yr-1). In that condition Murshidabad KVK has designed one OFT trails having three treatments, Farmer’s Practice (FP), Technology Option-I (TO-I) and Technology Option-II (TO-II) on air-breathing fish pangas (Pangasius pangasius) and conducted in farmers’ field for three years. To find out the suitable fish species, observed water parameters (pH, DO mg L-1), stocking density (nos./ha), length (cm), weight (g), survival rate (%), yield (q ha-1yr-1), cost of culture (Rs. ha-1yr-1) gross return (Rs. ha-1yr-1), net return (Rs. ha-1yr-1), BC ratio and disease incidence etc. The effect of water pH and DO (mg L-1) in post jute retting pond and fish stocking pond indicate, there were a statistically significant difference between three treatments at (p <.05). Stocking density in three treatments were 15000 nos. ha-1 (IMC and exotic carps), 11250 nos. ha-1 and 15000 nos. ha-1 (pangas, size 2.5”) . In this trial it was observed that the mean (SD) initial length (cm), initial weight (g) and final length (cm) were not statistically significant at p >.05 but in case of final weight (g) and weight gain (g) there were statistically significant at p<.05. The survival rate (%) was lowest in FP (35.04±4.51) and highest in TO-I (67.55±17.50) and not statistically significant (p >.05). The mean (SD) yield (q ha-1yr-1) was high statistically significant difference found among three treatments (p <001). The average net profits were Rs.65680.0, Rs. 223841.0 and Rs. 337551.0 ha-1 yr-1. in FP, TO-I and TO-II, respectively. The highest mean B:C ratio was 2.44 in TO-II. With the all concerned it was observed TO-II gives the best result among these three treatments in these three years trials.
Studies on growth performance of Cyprinus carpio var. Communis fed with Bacillus clausii supplemented diets
Authors: Jan Sumira , Chesti Anayitullah , Nisa Madinat Ul. , Mushtaq Misbah , Shah Shazia
Published: October 2021

The present investigation entitled “Studies on growth performance of Cyprinus carpio var. Communis fed with Bacillus clausii supplemented diets” was carried out at Faculty of Fisheries, Ganderbal over a period of 60 days from April 1st to June Ist, 2019. The fingerlings were fed with dry diets containing three concentrations of probiotic viz., (T1: 1%, T2: 1.5%, T3: 2%) and control group (T0: containing no probiotic). The growth parameters including per cent weight gain, Specific growth rate (SGR), feed conversion ratio (FCR), feed efficiency ratio (FER) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) were measured at the end of the experiment. The results showed that the probiotic incorporated diets had significant impact on growth than control group (P<0.05). The highest values of treatment T2 with 2 per cent probiotic showed the highest percent weight gain (74.62%), specific growth rate (0.40), feed efficiency ratio (0.90), protein efficiency ratio (1.82) were observed in treatments with 2% concentration of probiotic where as, feed conversion ratio(1.09) was lower in groups received probiotic through diets than control.
An economic analysis of production and marketing of cauliflower in Bilaspur district of Chhattisgarh State
Authors: Tegar Ajay , Ahmad Anjum
Published: October 2021

The study was conducted in Bilaspur district of Chhattisgarh in the year 2014-15 to analyse the production and marketing of cauliflower with a sample size of 154 farmers and 30 intermediaries from 4 blocks of the district. The study found on an average cost of cultivation of cauliflower Rs. 50573.84 per ha. The lowest cost of cultivation was observed at small farm as Rs. 48964.52 per ha while highest at large farm as Rs. 52104.68 per ha. Hired human labour cost maximum share as 20.18 per cent to total cost of cultivation. Cost A1 was observed Rs. 21653.84 per ha. The net return on Cost A1 was Rs. 1169.06 per q and Rs. 154100.06 per ha. The overall B:C ratio was estimated 3.48 for cauliflower production, minimum at marginal farm i.e. 3.26 and maximum at medium farm as 3.75. There were two marketing channels identified Channel I: Producer to Consumer and Channel II: Producer to Commission agents/retailers to consumer. The channel I was found most efficient as 39.85 per cent as compare to channel II i.e. 14.52 per cent. Monkey’s nuisance was appeared as most common problem in study area.
Yield and nutrient uptake in niger (Guizotia abyssinica) as influenced by different levels of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and sulphur
Authors: Bora P. , Bora P. C. , Kurmi K. , Kalita S.
Published: October 2021

A field experiment was conducted during the Rabi seasons of 2016-17 and 2017-18 at Instructional-Cum-Research (ICR) Farm, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat to study the effect of different levels of primary major nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium) as well as secondary nutrient (sulphur) on the uptake of the same by niger and yield of the crop. The experiment was laid out in Factorial Randomized Block Design and replicated thrice. The treatments consisted of three NPK levels viz., F1 (20-10-10 kg N-P2O5-K2O ha-1), F2 (25-12.5-12.5 kg N-P2O5-K2O ha-1), F3 (30-15-15 kg N-P2O5-K2O ha-1) and three sulphur levels viz., S1 (no sulphur), S2 (10 kg S ha-1), S3 (20 kg S ha-1). Application of F3 (30-15-15 kg N-P2O5-K2O ha-1) and S3 (20 kg sulphur ha-1) significantly increased the nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and sulphur uptake by seed and stover as well as their total uptake by niger as compared to other treatments during both the years of study. Seed yield and protein content (%) of seed of niger were also increased significantly by application of F3 (30-15-15 kg N-P2O5-K2O ha-1) and S3 (20 kg sulphur ha-1) as compared to other treatments during both the years. Interaction effects of NPK (F) and sulphur (S) were found to be significant in respect of seed yield, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and sulphur uptake by seed as well as total nitrogen uptake by niger during both the years and phosphorus uptake by niger was found to be significant only in the first year of study.
Morphological study of potassium solubilizers
Authors: Mahapatra Milan , Mohapatra Atisha , Routray Somanath , Naik Ujjwal , Barman Saurav , Boddana Praveen
Published: October 2021

Potassium is an elementary macronutrient besides Nitrogen and Phosphorus for growth of plants. It performs crucial metabolic activities like photosynthesis, activation of enzyme and protein synthesis. Rhizospheric microorganisms are the keysegments of viable agricultural ecosystems.These perform a vital characterbyresolving the unobtainable Potassium form and make accessible forroots of plants. Potassium concentrations which are soluble in the soil are generally less though above 90% Potassium present in the soil subsist in the form of insoluble rock. Solubilization of a certain configuration of K is done by effective K-solubilizers treatment to an obtainable structure of K in the soil. The obtained form of K should be simply absorbed by the plant. Some selected bacterial and fungal isolates based on their morphological characteristics were assessed for their potentiality to resolve K from insolvable K trace. The selected isolates were in the form of rods, Gram positive and motile. This review assays on the morphological study of K-solubilizers for their remarkable supremacy in forming zone of solubilization.
Role of soil microbiota in soil fertility
Authors: Dhall Monalisa , Mishra Bandana , Barman Saurav , Boddana Praveen
Published: October 2021

Long- term adoption of total agricultural approach which negatively influences the soil prolificacy, soil microbiome and may compromise the feature and amount of crop mass production. In agriculture, soil is a critical part, in which the original sources of nutrients for grow crops and the microorganisms is very important to improve soil texture or soil health for healthy growing crops. Soil microbiota are an energetic component of soil and showed varieties useful activities in the soil system. Soil richness is the characteristic limit of a soil to give the fundamental plant supplements in sufficient sums and legitimate extents for plant development. There is an enormous chance to upgrade soil ripeness through microorganisms, as organisms are “inherent” soil controllers and impetuses adding to reusing of supplements into accessible inorganic structures and give early admonition of land corruption. The core interest of this part is on the possibility of utilizing organisms as decomposers of (cellulose, protein and lignin), formers (humus, nitrate and nitrite), nitrogen fixers, ammonifiers, oxidizers (iron, hydrogen and sulfur), phosphorus solubilizers and denitrifiers. In this specific circumstance, the components viz., natural toxins and environmental change that limit the improvement of soil richness. Today’s, there is great trial for the agricultural system in which growing the human population is a great problem in the land breakdown and decrease the microbial population that’s why enhance the soil fertility and plant growth rate decreases. Therefore, in this review we describe the benefits of soil microbiota to maintain soil fertility.
Cultivation and processing of edible mushrooms
Authors: Sharma Ajay , Singh Shivam , Kuiry Braj Mohan , Himanshu  , Singh Kulveer , Shivani
Published: October 2021

This is a review paper of some writings or literatures which presents the edible mushroom cultivation and processing including types, production and its scenario. Mushroom is a fungus considered to be edible due to its high nutrition facts. It is a great source of vitamin D, some minerals and protein. In addition, due to short or quick growing, good prices and health benefits, it is popular amongst farmers and new entrepreneurs. Their spawns are produced carefully in healthy conditions and sown on a well prepared compost bed containing required nutrition for spawn. Harvesting starts 50 to 55 days after sowing and mushrooms are twisted in opposite directions for harvest. Their fleshy nature leads to deterioration if not consumed within some hours or refrigerated or not utilized for canning, pickling, drying etc. which are post harvesting processes.
Tax Awareness and Morality in the Effectiveness of Tax Revenues: Secondary School Teachers’ Tax Perception Analysis in Manavgat, Antalya
Authors: UZUNALİ Emine , OĞUZ Yasin , OLCA Volkan , DAĞ Mehmet , KUMAŞ Kazım , GÜNGÖR Afşin
Published: October 2021

This study aims to examine the tax awareness and moral perceptions of teachers. In this context, a survey was conducted with 124 teachers working in Antalya Province, Manavgat District, and the obtained data were analysed with Kruskal-Wallis H. Tests using the SPSS program. According to the study's findings, it was seen that the tax awareness of the teachers who gave the training to increase tax awareness and morality was not sufficient. The study's findings are significant because no study is conducted on teachers on tax awareness and morality in the literature.
Online Tertiary Education During The COVID-19 Pandemic in Turkey: A Country Profile Based on Survey With 13 Thousand Students
Authors: TÜZÜN Furkan , YÖRÜK TORAMAN Nilay
Published: October 2021

Turkish higher education system experienced a rapid shift to online education due to the COVID-19 outbreak in March 2020. The present study aims at identifying countrywide variations in online education applications at the aggregate level with the help of a large survey conducted with over 13 thousand participants registered in Turkish universities. Findings are presented in a structured framework aiming to distinguish student-, faculty member-, and institution-related factors that would presumably drive students’ satisfaction of online education during the pandemic. Preliminary results of multiple regression analysis in support of findings are complementarily supplemented in Appendix. Investigation of these factors provides important policy suggestions to higher education affiliates.
The Effect of Anthropomorphic Mascot on The Purchasing Intention of Consumers: An Experimental Study
Authors: DELİGOZ Kadir , ÜNAL Sevtap
Published: October 2021

Anthropomorphism, the process of attributing human physical or mental characteristics to living beings, such as plants and animals, and inanimate beings, such as objects, or events, is one of the most effective ways to connect consumers and businesses. Anthropomorphism creates an opportunity for consumers to identify themselves with businesses, products, or services. This study explores the effect of anthropomorphic mascots on the purchasing intention of consumers in an experimental layout. The study, for which data was collected through surveys, was conducted in Erzurum, Turkey. The study results conclude that the anthropomorphic mascot positively affects consumers' purchasing intention towards brands. In addition, brand image, brand value, identity, personality, experience, and engagement towards brands using anthropomorphic mascots positively affect purchasing intent.
COVID-19’un İktisadi Yaşama, Siyasi Alana ve Topluma Etkileri: Kapsamlı Bir Değerlendirme
Authors: YILDIRIM Yıldırım
Published: October 2021

Bu çalışma kavramsal nitelikte olup, Mart 2020 yılından beri tüm dünyanın yaşamakta olduğu küresel halk sağlığı ile ilgili kapsamlı bir değerlendirme sunmaktadır. Geçen bir yıl içinde olup bitenlerin iktisadi yaşam, siyasi alan ve toplumsal etkiler olmak üzere üç ana başlık altında değerlendirildiği çalışmada salgından etkilenen her paydaşa önemli bazı içgörüler sunmaktadır. İktisadi yaşam kendi içinde dört alt başlıkta incelenmiş olup, koronavirüsün tüketim, sosyal medya, çevrimiçi alışveriş ve hizmet sektörü ile ekonomik göstergelere olan yansımasına değinilmiştir. Siyasi alan başlığında hükümet politikalarının halk nezdindeki karşılıkları değerlendirilmiş, uluslararası arenada ülkelerin bu kriz karşısında aldıkları aksiyonlara yer verilmiştir. Toplumsal etkiler başlığında ise sosyal ve psikolojik değişimler, kurumsal sosyal sorumluluk uygulamaları, iş etiği ve sosyal hayat ve akış alt başlıkları derinlikle ele alınmıştır. Küresel olarak yaşanan bu felaket her ne kadar bir halk sağlığı krizi olarak tanımlansa da salgının geniş çaplı etkileri bütün yönleriyle ele alınmalı ve sonuçları hakkında proaktif iletişim biçimleri benimsenmelidir. Yaklaşık 80 makalenin incelendiği bu çalışmada ilgili başlıklara ilişkin dünya literatürünün de bir derlemesi sunulmuştur.
Yatırımcı Duyarlılığının BIST Pay Piyasasına Etkisi
Authors: ALTUNTAŞ Duygu , ERSOY Ersan
Published: October 2021

Bu çalışmanın amacı, yatırımcı duyarlılığını temsilen kullanılan TCMB Tüketici Güven Endeksi, Bloomberg HT Tüketici Güven Endeksi ve VIX Endeksi ile BIST 100 Endeksi arasındaki ilişkinin araştırılmasıdır. Çalışma Ocak 2007-Ağustos 2020 dönemini kapsamaktadır ve aylık veriler kullanılmıştır. BIST 100 Endeksi ile Bloomberg HT Tüketici Güven Endeksi ve VIX Endeksi arasında eşbütünleşme ilişkisi tespit edilmiştir. BIST 100 Endeksi ile TCMB Tüketici Güven Endeksi arasında ise eşbütünleşme ilişkisi bulunamamıştır. Yapılan nedensellik analizlerine göre, BIST 100 Endeksinden her iki tüketici güven endeksine doğru tek yönlü nedensellik, VIX Endeksinden ise BIST 100 Endeksine doğru yine tek yönlü nedensellik ilişkisi bulunmaktadır.
Âdem-i Merkeziyetçilik-Merkeziyetçilik Tartışmaları Bağlamında Osmanlı Devleti ve Fransa’da Savaşlar, Mali Baskılar, Kurumsal Değişim
Authors: KAYA Perihan Hazel
Published: October 2021

Ülkelerin gelir kaynakları, kurumsal yapıları üzerinde önemli etkilere sahiptir. Erken modern dönemde gelir kaynakları içinde yerel vergi mükelleflerine daha bağımlı olan ülkeler kurumsal yapılarını ne ölçüde geliştirebilmiştir? Bu çalışmada bu soruya, gelirlerinin önemli bir kısmını iltizam sistemi ile toplamış olan Osmanlı Devleti ve Fransız mali kurumlarının âdem-i merkeziyetçilik-merkeziyetçilik bağlamında XVI.-XIX. yüzyıllar arasındaki evrimine ilişkin karşılaştırmalar yapılarak cevap aranmaktadır. Savaşlar, maliyenin merkezileşmesi ve bu yolla merkezi devletlerin ortaya çıkışı birbiriyle ilişkili süreçlerdir. Fransa’da Fransız Devriminden sonra vergilendirmenin bazı türleri merkezileşirken bazı türleri âdem-i merkeziyetçi yapıda kalmış buna karşılık Osmanlı Devleti’nde Tanzimat reformu ile birlikte mali yapının merkezileşmesi adına önemli adımlar atılmıştır.
Will Workers be Unemployed Because of Robots? A Meta-Analysis on Technology and Employment
Authors: DAĞLI İbrahim
Published: October 2021

The purpose of this paper is twofold. The first is to present an overall effect size of technology’s impact on employment. The second is to provide an example of the usability of the meta-analysis method in economics. This study conducted with the meta-analysis method concluded that technology positively affects employment, and the overall effect size is medium (g=0.53). Contrary to the general prejudice that technology can cause unemployment, it has been concluded that technology affects employment positively. Unlike the other empirical studies, a more comprehensive and general result was obtained thanks to meta-analysis.
Kitlesel Fonlama Projelerinin Başarılarını Etkileyen Faktörler Üzerine Bir İnceleme
Authors: AKYILDIZ Birten , METİN CAMGÖZ Selin , ATICI Kazım Barış
Published: October 2021

Kitlesel fonlama, yeni girişimlere fon sağlamak üzere girişimciler veya işletmeler tarafından kullanılan alternatif bir finansman yöntemidir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, kitlesel fonlama projelerinin başarısına etki eden faktörlerin araştırılmasıdır. Bu doğrultuda, Türkiye ve Amerika Birleşik Devletleri’ndeki kitlesel fonlama platformlarından teknoloji ve film sektörlerine ait başarılı ve başarısız olmuş projelerin verisi toplanmıştır. Kapsamlı bir literatür taraması ile belirlenen ve Sinyal Teorisi ile Sosyal Ağ Teorisi çerçevesinde incelenen değişkenler kullanılarak proje başarısına etki eden faktörler analiz edilmiş ve tartışılmıştır. Kitlesel fonlama projeleri açısından oldukça kapsamlı bu çalışmanın bulgularının proje sahipliği yürütmek isteyen girişimciler veya projelerin etkinliğini araştıracak çalışmalar için yol gösterici nitelikte olacağı düşünülmektedir.
Evolução dos índices de saneamento básico no município de Arapongas-PR
Authors: Anklam Fernanda Roberta , Camilo Rodrigo , Battistelli André Aguiar
Published: October 2021

O saneamento básico contempla os serviços relacionados à quatro pilares: distribuição de água, coleta e tratamento de esgotos, drenagem urbana e gerenciamento de resíduos sólidos. Tais serviços devem ser disponibilizados à população para a garantia de uma adequada qualidade de vida, sobretudo no que tange à saúde pública, em especial no cenário de pandemia.  Tal condição evidencia a importância de se acompanhar a evolução da oferta destes serviços à população, auxiliando na definição de ações e tomada de decisões. Nesse contexto, este estudo teve como objetivo analisar os indicadores da prestação de serviços de saneamento e seus reflexos na saúde da população do município de Arapongas-PR, com foco no abastecimento de água e esgotamento sanitário. Aplicou-se uma metodologia de pesquisa descritiva com abordagem quali-quantitativa, com a compilação de dados secundários no período referente a 2010 e 2018, disponíveis em plataformas e documentos de livre acesso.  Constatou-se que o crescimento urbano foi acompanhado por uma evolução na oferta de serviços de saneamento, permanecendo constante a marca de 100% de atendimento à população com abastecimento de água, e aumentando de forma progressiva no atendimento relacionado a coleta e tratamento de esgoto sanitário. Verificou-se, ainda, que os índices de saúde evoluíram no mesmo período, reduzindo despesas e taxas de internações com doenças relacionadas a falta de saneamento. Concluiu-se que os investimentos realizados em saneamento, refletiram diretamente na qualidade de vida da população do município de Arapongas - PR.
As mudanças no comportamento social como estratégia de redução dos índices de poluição atmosférica na pandemia da Covid-19
Authors: Grigio Giorgio da Silva , Nascimento Rute Britto do , Aragon Vitor Florido
Published: October 2021

Com o intuito principal de apresentar a análise da situação do ar atmosférico durante o período de lockdown na pandemia do COVID-19, este trabalho, por meio de levantamento bibliográfico apresentará uma cadeia de fatos históricos voltados ao avanço urbano, bem como, as maiores ocorrências de patologias com grau de infectividade epidemiológica grave, a ponto de se tornarem pandemias desastrosas. As ações humanas com o passar dos anos geraram inúmeras respostas negativas para o ambiento do equilíbrio ecológico, agravando a situação dos impactos e degradações ambientais, sendo estes responsáveis pelos danos diretos e indiretos ao meio ambiente. Desta forma, há necessidade da atuação em conjunto da mudança de percepção e comportamental da humanidade e do gerenciamento socioambiental e governamental, para a continuidade e fortalecimento do equilíbrio ecológico entre todas as partes, e esta ação conjunta durante a atual pandemia (COVID-19) resultou na melhora qualitativa do ar atmosférico e redução da carga de poluentes disponíveis e dispensados na atmosfera.
Head-Restrained Lever Go/NoGo Visual Discrimination Task with Visiomode v1
Authors: Eleftheriou Constantinos , Sanchez Rivera Michelle , R Clarke Thomas , Chamosa Pino Victor
Published: October 2021

This protocol is an adaptation of Michelle's lever Go/NoGo auditory discrimination task, which uses visual instead of auditory stimuli. Water-restricted, headplated mice learn to discriminate between a target and a distractor stimulus presented serially in pseudo-random order, pushing a lever to indicate when the target stimulus appears. The protocol is designed for across-learning recordings, and as such the inter-trial interval and stimulus interval remain constant throughout. Correction trials are also enabled throughout the duration of the protocol. The task in implemented in the Visiomode platform, using the lever apparatus for response input instead of the touchscreen. This protocol uses the Citric Acid Water Restriction protocol with sucrose rewards, instead of the traditional water deprivation protocol.