bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Philosophical Reflection on Language between “Yan and Tao” and “Language and Existence”
Authors: Xin Xiong , Liu Xiangtao
Published: November 2023

Tao and Ming (name) or Tao and Yan (language or speech) is an inseparable pair of important concepts in traditional Chinese language philosophy. In LaoTze’s opinion, Tao could not be spoken out, and language or speech could not reach Tao’s essence. Yan and Tao are separated from each other, and they are paradoxical. All the confusion derives from Yan regardless of how delicate they are. Tao can be expressed in words, but it will never be expressed through common languages. In this article, Tao is regarded as a human being’s thoughts or intentions and is even considered to be the origin of the real world. Language can express people’s thought, although it has some limitations. There exist some contradictions between the real word and the world expressed in words. To enable people to better understand the existence of the real world from multiple perspectives at the language or linguistic level without being constrained by words, this article studies LaoTze’s linguistic philosophy reflected in his opinion on the relationship between Tao and Yan and makes a comparative analysis of modern Western language philosophers’ stand on language (or speech) and existence.
Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Fructus mori Juice: Characterization and Research of Antioxidant and Antibacterial Properties
Authors: Liu Fangzheng , Li Jisheng , Wang Binbin , Fan Wei , Jia Manli , Li Na , Song Yongxue , An Chuanjing , Liu Xiaoxuan , Jie Xiaoqing
Published: November 2023

Novel antibacterial silver nanomaterials have become promising substitutes for traditional antibiotics, because pathogens do not develop resistance to them. However, it is necessary to produce silver nanoparticles with appropriate size and better performance through a green and simple synthesis process. In the present study, Fructus mori-composite silver nanoparticles (M-AgNPs) were greenly synthesized using medicinal plant mulberry fruits (Fructus mori), with silver nitrate (AgNO3) as a precursor. UV-Vis spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD) indicated the formation of silver nanoparticles with face centered cubic structure. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy confirmed the reducing and capping effects of mulberry fruits' active components (polyphenols, flavonoids, etc.) on M-AgNPs. The reaction parameters including temperature, time, pH, and concentration of AgNO3 were gradually optimized. The particle size and morphology of M-AgNPs were measured by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques. The minimum particle size of M-AgNPs was about 30 nm, and they were approximately spherical and equably distributed. The excellent stability of M-AgNPs ensured that no agglomeration occurred for up to 60 days. The antioxidant activity of M-AgNPs was evaluated by 1,1-diphenyl-2-trinitrophenylhydrazine (DPPH) assay, and the DPPH radical clearance rate of M-AgNPs was up to about 79%. Greenly synthesized M-AgNPs exhibited better antibacterial activity than chemically synthesized commercial silver nanoparticles (C-AgNPs), due to the active molecules attached to their surfaces. The inhibition zone diameters of M-AgNPs against P.aeruginosa, E.coli and S.aureus were 13.9±0.4、12.2±0.3、12.8±0.7 mm, respectively. Such greenly synthesized AgNPs from medicinal plants have good prospects in the field of biomedicine.
Recognition and spatial distribution of rural Building in Vietnam
Authors: Deng Xin , Liang Yutian , Li Xun , Xu Weipan
Published: November 2023

The research on the distribution of rural buildings is one of the fundamental works of urban-rural development in Vietnam. Adopting Mask R-CNN deep learning framework and collecting sub-meter remote sensing images, this research used a remote sensing interpretation model of rural buildings trained based on East Asian characteristics of rural buildings and successfully recognized about 2.87 million rural buildings in 34 Vietnamese provincial administrative districts with a total area of rural buildings of 2,492 million square meters. The reliability of the identification results was verified by manual detection and quantitative statistics, and a multi-scale database of rural buildings in Vietnam based on individual rural buildings was created. Based on the database, this paper analyzes the distribution characteristics of rural buildings and summarizes characteristics of rural buildings distribution at the country, regional, and provincial scales. The identification results lay the foundation for the next study of urban-rural relations in Southeast Asia and the construction of a basic database on villages.
The Neuroprotective Role of Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa, Wild) Supplementation on Hippocampal Morphology and Memory of Adolescent Stressed Rats
Authors: Terreros Gonzalo , Perez Miguel Angel , Muñoz-LLancao Pablo , D’Espessailles Amanda , Martínez Enrique A , Dagnino-Subiabre Alexies
Published: November 2023

Brain physiology and morphology are vulnerable to chronic stress, affecting cognitive performance and behavior. However, functional compounds found in food may alleviate these alterations. White quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa, Wild) seeds have high content of n-3 fatty acids, including alpha-linolenic acid. This work aimed to evaluate the possible neuroprotective role of a quinoa-based functional food (QFF) in rats. Prepubertal male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed with rat chow or QFF (50% rat chow + 50% dehydrated quinoa seeds) and exposed or not to restraint stress protocol (2 hours/day; 15 days). Four experimental groups were used: Non-stressed (rat chow), Non-stressed + QFF, Stressed (rat chow) and Stressed + QFF. Weight gain, locomotor activity (open field), anxiety (elevated plus maze, light-dark box), spatial memory (Y-maze), and dendritic length in the hippocampus were measured in all animals. QFF intake did not affect anxiety-like behaviors, while the memory of stressed rats fed with QFF improved compared to those fed with rat chow. In addition, QFF intake countered the stress-induced dendritic atrophy in pyramidal neurons located in CA3 area of the hippocampus. The results suggest that a quinoa-supplemented diet could have a protective role on the memory of chronically stressed rats.
Artificial Humic Substances as Biomimetics of Natural Ana-Logues: Production, Characteristics and Preferences in Their Use
Authors: Efremenko Elena , Stepanov Nikolay , Senko Olga , Lyagin Ilya , Maslova Olga , Aslanli Aysel
Published: November 2023

Humification is a promising strategy to reduce the amount of animal waste generated in agriculture. This makes it possible to accumulate products with artificially obtained humic substances (HS) as analogues of natural HS, usually extracted from fossil sources (coal, peat). The review examines the main characteristics of various biological and physical-chemical methods (composting, anaerobic digestion, pyrolysis, hydrothermal carbonation, acid or alkaline hydrolysis, subcritical water ex-traction) used to form HS in animal waste humification products. A comparative analysis of the humification rates and yields of HS in these processes, the characteristics of artificial HS in products (humification index, polymerization index, degree of aromaticity, etc.) is carried out in connection with the use of certain methods of humification and types of animal waste. The main factors (ad-ditives, process conditions, waste pretreatment, etc.) that can increase the efficiency of humification and the properties of HS resources artificially obtained by various methods are highlighted. A generalizing analysis of the content of chemical elements in artificial HS obtained from various animal husbandry wastes in comparison with natural HS was carried out. Based on the results of the chemical composition analysis, the main trends and preferences regarding the most useful ap-plications of humification products as complex biomimetics are discussed.
Optimized Sugar-Free Citrus Lemon Juice Fermentation Efficiency and the Lipid-Lowering Effects of the Fermented Juice
Authors: Hsu Chang-Lu , Pei Wen , Chen Tzu-Chun , Hsu Ming-Chieh , Kuo Heng-Miao , Hung Jeng-Fung , Chen Yi-Jinn Lillian
Published: November 2023

Aging and obesity make humans more prone to cardiovascular and metabolic syndrome diseases, leading to several serious health conditions, including dyslipidemia, high blood pressure, and sleep disturbance. Hyperlipidemia means elevated blood lipid levels, including cholesterol and triglycerides. This study aimed to explore the hypolipidemic effect of fermented citrus lemon juice using a hyperlipidemic hamster model. Sugar-free lemon juice’s fermentation was optimized, and the characteristics of fresh and fermented lemon juice (FLJ) were evaluated and compared. In addition, tests were conducted to determine the appropriate hamster feed for the functional animal tests. Then, experiments were conducted to evaluate the hypolipidemic effect of the FLJ, which contained polyphenols and superoxide dismutase-like activity, on a hyperlipidemic hamster model. This study’s pre-fermentation efficiency evaluation found that 21–30 days of bacterial DMS32004 and DMS32005 fermentation of fresh lemon juice provided the best fermentation benefits. In addition, the fermentation evaluation showed that a sugar-free fermentation method provided FLJ with the best benefits. Results showed that the absorption and utilization efficiency of FLJ was higher compared with the unfermented lemon juice. After six weeks of feeding, the total cholesterol and triglyceride values in the blood and liver of the FLJ treatment groups were de-creased compared with the high-fat diet (HFD) group. In addition, the blood low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were significantly reduced in the FLJ treatment groups compared with the HFD group. In contrast, the blood high-density lipoprotein to low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio increased considerably in the FLJ treatment groups, and the total to high-density lipoprotein ratio was significantly lower than in the HFD group. Compared with the HFD group, the total cholesterol content in the FLJ treatment groups’ feces increased significantly. This study demonstrated that the sugar-free fermentation method and fermentation cycle management provided FLJ with the potential to regulate blood lipids. Further research and verification will be carried out to isolate specific substances from the FLJ and identify their mechanisms of action.
Energy Harvesting Opportunities in Geoenvironmental Engineering
Authors: Marchiori Leonardo , Morais Maria Vitoria , Studart André , Cavaleiro Victor , Albuquerque Antonio , Andrade Pais Luis , Ferreira Gomes Luís
Published: November 2023

Geoenvironmental engineering involves defining solutions for complex problems, such as containment systems management, contaminant transport control, wastewater management, remediation of contaminated sites and valorization of geomaterials and wastes. In the last years, energy harvesting (EH) - or energy scavenging - methods and technologies have been developed to reduce the dependence on traditional energy sources, namely fossil fuels, and nuclear power, also responding to the increase of energy demands for human activities and to fulfill sustainable development goals. EH in geoenvironmental works and surrounding soil and water environment include a set of processes for capturing and accumulating energy from several sources considered deemed wasted or unusable associated to soil dynamics, stress and strain of geomaterials, hydraulic, vibrations, biochemical, light, heating and wind sources can be potential EH systems. Therefore, this work presents a review of the literature and critical analysis on the main opportunities for EH capturing, accumulating and use in geoenvironmental works, among basic electric concepts and mechanisms, analyzing those works in complex conditions involving biological, chemical, mechanical, hydraulic, and thermal coupled actions, concluding with the main investigation and challenges within geoenvironmental aspects for EH purpose.
A Substitutable Method for Hydrodynamic Calculation of Anastomosing Rivers: Expression of Channel Morphological Parameters (ECMP)
Authors: Wang Suiji
Published: November 2023

Anastomosing rivers are wetland systems with multiple channels, and there are many constraints limiting in-situ observations of their hydrodynamics. Therefore, there are few reports on the hydrodynamic data of such rivers. In order to obtain the hydrodynamic parameters of the river channels without hydrological observations in the anastomosing rivers, this study proposes an expression method namely expression of channel morphological parameters (ECMP) for hydrodynamic calculations. The calculation formula of the ECMP method based on the shape factor, scale factor, and gradient factor of the flow cross-section as independent variables. This method can be used to calculate the average velocity, discharge, specific stream power, gross stream power and other hydrodynamic parameters of the flow cross-section at different water levels, only requiring the measurement of morphological parameters such as the average depth, width-depth ratio, and gradient of the flow (channel) cross-section. The applicability of the ECMP method was verified using measured hydrological data. The results show that the ECMP method is a practical calculation method with high computational accuracy and convenient application for calculating river hydrodynamic parameters. It has great application value in study on fluvial geomorphology and hydrodynamics, as well as in the reconstruction of ancient river hydrology and hydrodynamics.
E-waste Recycling: An Overview of Hydrometallurgical Processes Used to Metals Recovery
Authors: Picazo-Rodriguez Nallely Guadalupe , Baltierra-Costeira Gabriela , Soria-Aguilar Ma. De Jesús , Gamiño-Arroyo Zeferino , Toro Norman , De la Garza de Luna Jesús R. , Carrillo-Pedroza Francisco Raúl
Published: November 2023

Currently, with the rapid growth of the population, the demand for metals has increased, especially for the manufacture of electronic devices such as cell phones, computer equipment, among others. Once these devices stop working, most are sent to landfills, which represents a danger since these wastes contain metals and other materials that must be properly managed to prevent them from having a negative effect on the environment and the human being. On the other hand, e-waste contains valuable metals such as copper, gold, and silver, the concentration of which in these materials makes it cost-effective to recover. This paper presents a review of the extraction and recovery of valuable metals from electronic waste by hydrometallurgical methods, as well as patents and industrial processes related to the management and treatment of this waste.
Modulation of Ferrocene-Ferrocene Interactions by Varying Their Reciprocal Positions in L-Dap/Aib Helical Peptides
Authors: Bisello Annalisa , Biondi Barbara , Cardena Roberta , Schiesari Renato , Crisma Marco , Formaggio Fernando , Santi Saverio
Published: November 2023

In this work we developed two new polyfunctional hybrid systems, in which the presence of Fc redox "antennas" on peptide scaffolds allows a modulation of their electronic properties. Specifically, we synthesized two helical hexapeptides containing four Aib (α-amionoisobutyric acid) and two L-Dap (2,3-diamino propionic acid) residues. L-Dap side chains were then functionalized with Fc moieties. The structures of the two 310 helical peptides, namely Z-Aib-L-Dap(Fc)-Aib-Aib- L-Dap(Fc)-Aib-NH-iPr and Z-Aib-L-Dap(Fc)-Aib- L-Dap(Fc)-Aib-Aib-NH-iPr, were investigated by X-ray diffraction, 2D-NMR, CD and IR spectroscopies. Due to the helical conformation, in Z-Aib-L-Dap(Fc)-Aib-Aib- L-Dap(Fc)-Aib-NH-iPr the Fc groups are located on the same face of the helix, in Z-Aib-L-Dap(Fc)-Aib- L-Dap(Fc)-Aib-Aib-NH-iPr on opposite faces. Surprisingly, two bands were found in DPV for Z-Aib- L-Dap(Fc)-Aib- L-Dap(Fc)-Aib-Aib-NH-iPr, indicating electrostatic interaction between the Fc groups despite their longer reciprocal distance with respect to that in Z-Aib- L-Dap(Fc)-Aib-Aib- L-Dap(Fc)-Aib-NH-iPr. CD experiments at different concentrations evidenced aggregation for Z-Aib- L-Dap(Fc)-Aib-L-Dap(Fc)-Aib-Aib-NH-iPr even at high dilution, thus suggesting that the Fc-Fc electrostatic interaction could be of intermolecular nature.
The Challenges of the Diagnostic and Therapeutic Approach of Patients with Infectious Pathology in Emergency Medicine
Authors: Musuroi Silvia Ioana , Voinescu Adela , Musuroi Corina , Baditoiu Luminita Mirela , Muntean Delia , Izmendi Oana , Jumanca Romanita , Licker Monica
Published: November 2023

The Emergency Department (ED) represents an important setting for addressing inappropriate antimicrobial prescribing practices, due to the time constraints and duration of microbiolo-gical diagnosis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the etiology and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) pattern of the community-acquired pathogens, as well as the epidemiological characteristics of patients admitted through ED, in order to guide appropriate antibiotic therapy. (2) Methods: A retrospective observational study was performed on 657 patients, from whom clinical samples for microbiological diagnosis were collected, in the first 3 days after presentation in the ED. The identification of pathogens and the antibiogram with minimum inhibitory concentration determination were carried out according to the laboratory protocols. (3) Results: From the 767 biological samples analyzed, 903 microbial isolates were identified. E. coli was isolated most frequently (24.25%), followed by Klebsiella spp, S. aureus (SA) and non-fermentative Gram-negative bacilli. E. coli strains maintained their natural susceptibility to most antibiotics tested. In the case of Pseudomonas spp. and Acinetobacter spp., increased rates of AMR were identified. Also, 32.3% of SA strains were community-acquired MRSA. (4) Conclusions: The introduction of rapid microbiological diagnostic methods in emergency medicine is imperative in order to timely identify AMR strains and improve therapeutic protocols.
Multimodal Biosensing of Foodborne Pathogens
Authors: Ullah Najeeb , Danquah Michel K.
Published: November 2023

Microbial foodborne pathogens can cause major risks to public health and the food industry. Rapid and accurate detection of these pathogens is crucial to prevent outbreaks and ensure food safety. Traditional single-mode biosensing approaches have their limitations in terms of specificity, sensitivity, and speed. Over the years, there has been an increasing research interest in developing multimodal biosensing strategies that integrate multiple sensing techniques to achieve enhanced accuracy, efficacy, and precision in foodborne pathogen detection. This article review paper explores the current state of multimodal biosensing technologies and their promising applications in the food industry. We discuss various integrated biosensing platforms, including optical, electrochemical, and nanomaterial-based systems, among others. The advantages, challenges, and future prospects of multimodal biosensing for foodborne pathogens are thoroughly examined, highlighting the potential impact of these advanced technologies on food safety and public health.
Impact of Partially Automated Driving Functions on Forensic Accident Reconstruction: A Simulator Study on Driver Reaction Behavior in the Event of a Malfunctioning System Behavior
Authors: Paula Daniel , Bauder Maximilian , Pfeilschifter Claus , Petermeier Franziska , Kubjatko Tibor , Böhm Klaus , Riener Andreas , Schweiger Hans-Georg
Published: November 2023

Partially automated driving functions (SAE Level 2) can control a vehicle's longitudinal and lateral movements. However, taking over the driving task involves automation risks that the driver must manage. In severe accidents, the driver's ability to avoid a collision must be assessed, considering their expected reaction behavior. The primary goal of this study is to generate essential data on driver reaction behavior in case of malfunctions in partially automated driving functions for use in legal affairs. A simulator study with two scenarios involving 32 subjects was conducted for this purpose. The first scenario investigated driver reactions to system limitations during cornering. The second scenario examined driver responses to phantom braking caused by the AEBS. As a result, the first scenario shows that none of the subjects could control the situation safely. Due to partial automation, we could also identify a new part of the reaction time, the hands-on time, which leads to increased steering reaction times of 1.18 to 1.74 seconds. In the second scenario, we found that 25 of the 32 subjects could not override the phantom braking by pressing the accelerator pedal, although 16 subjects were informed about the system analog to the actual vehicle manuals. Overall, the study suggests that the current legal perspective on vehicle control and the expected driver reaction behavior for accident avoidance should be reconsidered.
Flow-cytometry Assessment of DNA content Analysis and Immunophenotyping of Immune-cells in Lymph-node-specimens as Potential Diagnostic Signature of Aggressiveness in B-Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas
Authors: Tapuchi Tal , Ronen Ohad , Akria Luiza , Cohen Hector I , Surio Celia , Rodin Chepa Svetlana , Zarfati Moran , Stemmer Galia , Horowitz Netanel A , Azoulay David
Published: November 2023

Introduction: Flow-cytometry (FC) is a powerful tool that can assist in lymphoma diagnosis in lymph node (LN) specimens. Although lymphoma diagnosis and classification are mainly based on tumor cell characteristics, surrounding cells are less employed in this process.
Methods: We retrospectively investigated alterations in the ploidy status, proliferative cell fraction (PF) and the percentages of surrounding immune cells in 62 consecutive LN specimens with B-Cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (B-NHL) and 26 gender and age mached reactive LN (RLN) specimens that were submitted for FC evaluation between 2019-2022.
Results: B-NHL samples showed increased rate of DNA aneuploidy and PF, increased CD45+ cells, lymphocytes and B-cells, and decreased T-cells compared to RLN. Compared with indolent B-NHLs, aggressive B-NHLs show increased DNA aneuploidy and PF, increased monocytes, immature-granulocytes, mature granulocytes, CD8+ T-cells, Double-Negative-T-cells and Double-Positive-T-cells, and decreased CD45+ cells, lymphocytes, CD4+ T-cells and CD4/CD8 ratio. Receiver operating characteristic analysis determined integration of PF > 6.8%, immature-granulocytes > 0.9% and Double-Negative-T-cells >3.1% as optimal cutoffs with highest specificity and sensitivity in differentiating aggressive and indolent B-NHLs.
Conclusions: These findings further strengh the diagnostic value of DNA content analysis by FC and suggest the utilization of tumor surrounding immune cells in NHL diagnosis and classification.
On the paradoxes of the time of history
Authors:   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences (Russia), Fedorova Mariya M.
Published: November 2023

The article is an attempt to comprehend the radical changes in the historical self-con­sciousness of the modern era and their impact on modern political practices. The position of the author is that our attitude to the time of history crystallizes deep transformations of the political sphere. It is shown that the historicity regime at the turn of the 20th–21st centuries is characterized by an orientation towards today’s needs and interests (so-called presentism) and at the same time increased attention to the past (“memorial revolution”), which, in the absence of major socio-political projects of the future, plays the role of a consolidating social factor. These changes required, on the one hand, significant efforts by historians to revise the methodological foundations of their science and, on the other hand, philosophical reflection on key historiosophical concepts and mean­ings. The most significant discussions concern, first of all, the concept of the past in its relation to the present, “modernity”. Understanding the ontological and epistemological foundations of these concepts has become today a “bone of contention” in building mod­ern political strategies and practices. The article demonstrates how the past from the con­cept of clear and self-evident, as it appeared within the framework of the historicist con­cepts of the Modern era, has become a philosophical and political problem in our days. There are two approaches to solving this problem. These are, firstly, those philosophers and historians who defend the modernist idea of the past as different in relation to the present, although they significantly modify it with the help of the idea of a “living past”. And secondly, those philosophers who defend the thesis about the “non-past” of the past and the continuation of its existence in the present. It is concluded that, with all the differ­ences, both types of concepts proceed from the concept of “living past”, which implies a non-linear and “multi-layered” understanding of historical time.
Consciousness, smysl and untranslatability
Authors:   Vernadsky Crimean Federal University (Russia), Ryskeldiyeva Lora T.
Published: November 2023

An unbiased metaphysics of consciousness allows us to put forward a thesis that con­sciousness is not an object, but a fundamental problem of modern philosophy and differ­ent solutions of this problem define the history of European philosophy. For Descartes, consciousness is Cogito, the personalization of substance by the mind acting in a variety of cogital, conscious acts. Kant, for whom substance is a mode of thinking the unity of experience, Cogito is not a thing (Res), but a transcendental condition for the forma­tion of notions in the process of categorical synthesis. The resurgent phenomenology and analytical philosophy of consciousness in the 21st century aim at studying consciousness, respectively, in the transcendental-theoretical and pragmatic-naturalistic settings. Contin­uing the Kantian line of thinking, one can see the processuality of consciousness as data acquisition process, but the verb formed from a noun “consciousness” (for this processu­ality) is difficult to adequately translate into English. To achieve completeness in identi­fying the problem area of the philosophy of consciousness, it is necessary to take into ac­count one more type of conscious activity referred to as “osoznanie” in Russian (“aware­ness”, “coming into consciousness about something”). The Russian verb formed from the noun Smysl cannot be adequately translated into English as the main language of the ana­lytical philosophy of consciousness and this term can mean the opposite of data acquisi­tion process and can refer us to the idea of Integrity (A.V. Smirnov). Once the most im­portant, meaningful and existential activity of the mind is identified as the denotation of this term, the problem of Smysl acquires the potential of changing the perspective on the possibility of creating a “strong” AI.
One more logical subject? Logical and grammatical foundations in viśiṣṭādvaita
Authors:   RUDN University (Russia), Pskhu Ruzana V.
Published: November 2023

The article analyzes the aspect of the subject-predicative relationship, the actualization of which is superficially associated with the development of analytical philosophy in the West. This question has an important philosophical deepening (from grammar through logic to ontology) also in the history of Indian thought. In particular, the Sanskrit term sāmānādhikaraṇya, which is commonly translated as ‘correlative predication’, has be­come an important ontological principle in one of the vedānta schools (viśiṣṭādvaita of Rāmānuja). Previously, this term is found in the grammar of Panini and in the related philosophy of the Bhartirhari language In viśiṣṭādvaita, this term denotes (a) a logical and grammatical method of interpreting the sacred texts, according to which all texts of śruti, despite their inconsistency, should be considered by the interpreter as equally authori­tative; (b) the principle justifying and explaining the viśiṣṭādvaitic model of ontology; (c) and the resulting only possible paradigm of liberation of the soul (bhakti, or devo­tional love of God, which is based on karma and jñāna, as a way of salvation). The analy­sis of the material of Indian philosophy is carried out in the context of the developments of Western European philosophy, in particular, Porphyry and a number of analytical philosophers (Frege, Russell, Wittshenstein). Using the example of sāmānādhikaraṇya, a different logical model of the structure of the world is presented, which makes the on­tology proposed in viśiṣṭādvaita understandable and convincing.
On the way to overcoming the gaps: national philosophical heritage in the modern context
Authors:   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences (Russia), Sidorin Vladimir V.
Published: November 2023

The frequent opposition of “philosophy in Russia” and “Russian philosophy” is consid­ered by the author as a counterproductive dilemma that prevents the natural interaction of the cultural and historical originality of national philosophizing and world philosophi­cal culture. The most important point in this regard is the need of depoliticization and dei­deologization of discussions about the Russian philosophical heritage. One of the key problems in this regard is the circumstance that the contemporary history of Russian phi­losophy continues to use the self-description language of Russian philosophy of the first half of the 20th century. It causes, on the one hand, the uncritical use of philosophical ideas, categories, concepts of the past in the modern cultural and historical context, on the other hand, the fundamental rejection of work with this conceptual apparatus. The most characteristic examples in this regard are the concepts of “sobornost’” and so called “Russian idea”. The inclusion of the Russian philosophical heritage in the subject field of modern philosophy is hampered, in turn, by a number of circumstances caused both by the fragmentation of modern philosophical knowledge and the blurring of its dis­ciplinary boundaries, and by the specifics of the formation of the Russian professional philosophical community. Historical reasons have necessarily led to a significant gap be­tween the Russian philosophical heritage of the 19th–20th centuries and the conceptual and methodological space of modern philosophical thought. Awareness of this gap, in turn, caused a kind of corporate rift within the Russian philosophical community – its di­vision into groups dealing with issues that claim to be relevant, and a community focused on the study of the Russian philosophical heritage. Overcoming this conceptual gap and corporate rift turns out to be necessary prerequisites for the genuine actualization of the Russian philosophical heritage in modern conditions.
The Rise of Buddhist Ethical Studies in English-speaking Countries
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Volkova Vlada A.
Published: November 2023

From the second half of the 20th century, Buddhist texts have been attracting close attention of English-speaking philosophers, in particular, the interest has been drawn to the ethical teaching contained in the texts. The purpose of this review paper is to describe the history of the emergence and development of an interest in the ethical aspect of Buddhist teachings in the West. The author notes the Buddhist sources containing the ethical elements and identi­fies possible reasons for the absence of a developed ethical theory in classical Buddhism. Hav­ing analyzed the place of ethics in traditional Buddhism, the author proposes to distinguish three periods of research, of which the last began in the 90s of the 20th century and was marked by the formation of Buddhist ethics as an independent discipline: thematic academic journals appear and a philosophical community is formed around them, which in a new way inter­prets the traditional provisions of Buddhism from the perspective of problems characteristic of Western philosophy. The last part of the paper describes the main topics developed within the discipline of Buddhist ethics. One of the research areas is related to the systematization and understanding of ethical positions within Buddhism through their comparison with Western normative ethical theories such as virtue ethics, deontology and consequentialism. Within the framework of another approach, Buddhist ethical theory is constructed through the study of the questions of determinism and free will, agency and moral responsibility. The third sig­nificant approach to studying the ethical aspect of Buddhism focuses on looking at the modern theoretical and practical problems in the light of Buddhist teaching. In the end it is concluded that, despite the great success of the development of the discipline of Buddhist ethics, it has not yet acquired integrity, and that many important advances remain to be made.
India and Europe: on the Way to the Intercultural Dialog in Philosophy. J.N. Mohanty’s Reflection of the Theory and Practice in Indian Philosophy
Authors:   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences, Belimova Vlada S.
Published: November 2023

The paper studies the practice of intercultural philosophy in the writings of J. Mohanty, the philosopher deeply engaged in both Indian and Western traditions of thought. Mohanty makes a number of important observations about the nature of Indian thought; he focuses on the particular relation between theory and practice in the philosophical schools of India (darshanas): practice is an essential part of Indian discourse; and theory, a genuine philosophical knowledge, is a significant part of it as well. Mohanty argues, on the basis of classical philosophical texts of the Indian tradition, that Indian systems of thought are quite suitable to the classical European notion of philosophy. The publication includes a translated article by Mohanty, “Theory and Practice in Indian Philosophy” (with the commentary of the translator), which represents an important example of intercultural philosophical reflection.
Contemporary methodological culture of a scholar: the perspective of system pluralism
Authors:   Tver State University, Gubman Boris L. , Anufrieva Carina V. ,   Tver State University
Published: November 2023

The article is aimed at the discussion of the views on the methodological culture of a scholar proposed in the new two-volume monograph by S.A. Lebedev. In the perspective of analyz­ing this problem, he studies the rivalry between the platforms of methodological monism and pluralism in the history of philosophy of science. Special attention is paid to the consid­eration of the resources of the strategy of the contemporary approach to the formation of the methodological culture of a scholar, which was developed by the author of the book on the basis of methodological system pluralism.
P.P. Gaidenko’s legacy and actual problems of teaching the discipline “History and Philosophy of Science” in the Master’s and Postgraduate courses of the modern University
Authors:   National Research Tomsk State University, Panova Olga B.
Published: November 2023

The work is devoted to the consideration of the scientific heritage of the Russian philoso­pher Piama P. Gaidenko in connection with the problems of teaching the discipline “History and Philosophy of Science” (“History and Methodology of Science”) in the framework of master’s and postgraduate educational programs of modern universities. Based on scien­tific works and textbooks of P.P. Gaidenko the author identifies the following problems that were raised by an authoritative scientist in a timely manner and are still relevant in modern realities: the problem of the status and place of science in the system of culture and society, the cultural origins and philosophical foundations of scientific knowledge, the relationship between science and religion, the transdisciplinarity of modern scientific research. The question of the importance of socio-humanitarian knowledge in the history of science, axiological, ethical and environmental problems of post-non-classical science are of fundamental importance. It is shown that P.P. Gaidenko, having international expe­rience in European universities, followed the best traditions of world classical university education and at the same time supported modern innovations in teaching philosophy. Her methodological principles serve as a support and reference point for the teacher-philoso­pher at the present time.
On the origins of the political philosophy of science and analytical philosophy
Authors:   Ulyanovsk State University, Bazhanov Valentin A.
Published: November 2023

The article puts forward arguments refuting the claims of some representatives of Western philosophy that we are witnessing the birth of a new direction of research within the philo­sophy of science – political philosophy of science. It is shown that, in fact, the making of political philosophy of science dates back to the activity of left wing of the Vienna Circle representatives and B.M. Hessen’s work “The Social and Economic Roots of Newton’s Me­chanics” (1931). The paper traces evolution of the views of the left wing Vienna Circle rep­resentatives who emigrated to the USA, and cooperated with the “Philosophy of Science” journal founded by the Russian emigrant V. Malisoff, the International Encyclopedia of Uni­fied Science and Association of Unified Science in the context of which analytical philoso­phy took shape, where there was no place for political philosophy of science. It is stressed that this evolution happened due to several reasons: the McCarthyism riots in the U.S. in the mid-1950’s; the death of several prominent scientists who paid attention to the politi­cal philosophy of science; the disagreement between prominent scholars in logical empiri­cism, which led to the blurring of the problems of this segment of research. Nevertheless in the European philosophy these studies have been continued. The case of modal logic en­ables to argue that sometimes the political sympathies and antipathies of scientists sig­nificantly affect their perception and assessment of colleague’s works. Attention drawn to the weak development in the history and philosophy of science of the problems associated with the impact of the political views of scientists on the reception of ideas of their political opponents. Finally, an attempt is made to outline the subject area of contemporary political philosophy of science.
Philosophical analysis of technology and philosophy of dialogue
Authors:   Bryansk State Technical University, Popkova Natalia V.
Published: November 2023

The prospects for the analysis of technology with the help of the philosophy of dialogue are considered. A person’s desire to get rid of external restrictions is realized with the help of material and non-material technology. From the very beginning of the philosophical ana­lysis of technology, there has been a dispute: whether technology increases the freedom and creative potential of a person or reduces it. The philosophy of dialogue explores the opposite of a technical relationship to the world. It is shown that technology is the opposite of dia­logue: a monologue of a person who, according to his own will, transforms nature and other people (who transform him). Technical is the relation of a person to the world, based on the desire to remake it in order to adapt to one’s desires: this attitude is the opposite of the readi­ness to remake oneself to adapt to the world, which is characteristic of traditional societies and biological species in general. Both attitudes to the world – technological and personal, monologue and dialogue – are justified by necessity and must take their place in life, but to­day the technological attitude is replacing the personal one. Technology increases the cre­ative potential of a person as an active agent in a passive environment, so it does not in­crease his freedom: technology is the freedom of a monologue.
Kinematics and activation of hamstring muscles during the initial acceleration phase of sprinting in soccer players: A biomechanical investigation
Authors: Le Thiet Van , Kikuchi Yudai , Takabayashi Tomoya , Kikumoto Takanori , Kubo Masayoshi
Published: November 2023

Purpose
Sprinting is the most common activity associated with hamstring strain injuries in soccer. However, the potential mechanisms for hamstring strain injuries during the initial acceleration phase of sprinting are unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to characterize the kinematics and activation of the hamstring muscles in soccer players to clarify the potential mechanism of hamstring strain injury.
Methods
Ten male soccer players with no lower-limb injuries in the past year were recruited for this study. Each participant was instructed to perform a minimum of three successful 15 m sprints. Hamstring kinematics and activations were estimated by employing musculoskeletal modeling and wireless electromyography to define potential injury mechanisms.
Results
During the initial acceleration phase, the hamstring muscles undergo great strain and high activation levels during the late swing and early stance phases. The hamstring muscles experienced great strain and overload during the late swing and foot strike of the running cycle. Additionally, the biceps femoris long head was significantly more stretched than the semimembranosus and semitendinosus (p < 0.01 for semimembranosus and p < 0.05 for semitendinosus).
Conclusion
Based on these results, hamstring injuries are likely to occur during the late swing and early stance of the running cycle, with the biceps femoris long head being more susceptible to injuries than other hamstring muscles.
Mitigating Imported Fuel Dependency in Agricultural Production: Case study of an island nation's vulnerability to global catastrophic risks
Authors: Boyd Matt , Ragnarsson Sam , Terry Simon , Payne Ben , Wilson Nick
Published: November 2023

A major global catastrophe would likely disrupt trade in liquid fuels. Countries dependent on imported oil products might struggle to sustain industrial agriculture. Island nations importing 100% of refined fuels are particularly vulnerable. Our case study aimed to estimate the agricultural land area and biofuel volumes needed to feed the population of New Zealand in the absence of trade. Results showed that stored diesel would quickly be exhausted with ordinary use (weeks), and even with strict rationing (months). To preserve fuel, we found that farming wheat (requiring as little as 5.4 million liters (L) of diesel per annum), was more fuel-efficient than potatoes (12.3) or dairy (38.7), to feed the national population under a climate-as-usual scenario. In a nuclear winter scenario, with reduced agricultural yields, proportionately greater diesel is needed. The wheat would require 24% of currently grain-cropped land, and the canola crop used as feedstock for the required biofuel would occupy a further 1–7%. Investment in canola biodiesel or renewable diesel refineries could ensure supply for the bare minimum agricultural liquid fuel needs. Were subsequent analysis to favor this option as part of a fuels resilience response, and as a tradeoff for routine food use, expansion in refining and canola cropping before a catastrophe could be encouraged through market mechanisms, direct government investment, or a combination of these. Logistics of scale-up post-catastrophe should also be analyzed. Biodiesel produced would help the nation meet its emissions reduction targets in normal times.
A methodology for the development of functionally graded powder spreading in laser powder bed fusion process using discrete element method
Authors: Choudhury Shakti Swaroop , Annabattula Ratna Kumar , Amirthalingam Murugaiyan
Published: November 2023

The use of multi-material components offers customization of physical properties, weight reduction, effective thermal management, and the creation of material-compatible buffer components to join two material with ease. These features surpasses the capabilities of single-material compositions.When multiple materials are used, their sharp interfaces can separate and lead to mechanical failure. To prevent this, functionally graded materials with diffuse interfaces can be employed. Functionally graded materials (FGM) possess preferred spatial variation of properties aligned in specific directions. However, producing complex FGM components through conventional methods is challenging, as the conventional manufacturing methods are part and tool-specific. Components made using additive manufacturing, such as powder bed fusion (PBF), can create functionally graded materials (FGM) with intricate geometric features and precision at the micron scale. This opens up new avenues for innovative design possibilities with FGM components. The methodologies developed to create FGM by PBF are still in their infancy and require further attention to realise defect-free components. By employing high-fidelity mathematical models, new methodologies can be developed and minimise expensive trial-and-error experimental development strategies.The discrete element method (DEM) is a suitable numerical approach for modelling discontinuous media, such as powder particles in PBF. In this study, a spreading procedure in a powder bed fusion process is developed so that the desired distribution of material composition can be obtained before laser melting. A partition-based approach is adapted to achieve functional gradation along the spreading direction. The role of recoater speed on the evolution of the distribution of the material was studied through a parameter called gradation index (GI). A unique experimental setup was developed to analyse the prediction of the developed model. Results show that an angular partition at the dispenser can generate a customised functionally graded spreading in the build platform, and the obtained graded spreading is found to vary as a function of the recoater speed, partition angle, and spread layer thickness.
Protocol for a pilot cluster randomised controlled trial of PRoGRAM-A (Preventing gambling related harm in adolescents): a secondary school based social network intervention
Authors: Dobbie Fiona , Miller Martine , Wardle Heather , Dahlby Lucia , Weir Christopher , Niven Angela , Stoddart Andrew , Griffiths David , Noble Leon , White James
Published: November 2023

Background
In the UK, recent evidence of young people and gambling indicates a higher prevalence of gambling in comparison to other addictive behaviours. Engaging in gambling-related behaviour at a young age is associated with short and long-term consequences, including financial, emotional, academic, interpersonal, and physical and mental health detriments; otherwise known as gambling related harms (GRH). Given the unique vulnerability of this younger group, early interventions aimed at delaying or preventing gambling are critical. PRoGRAM-A (Preventing Gambling Related Harm in Adolescents) is a school based, social network intervention to protect young people from future GRH, by delaying or preventing gambling experimentation.
Methods
Pilot cluster RCT with an embedded a process evaluation and health economic scoping study.
Participants
PRoGRAM-A will be delivered in four schools, with two control schools acting as a comparator. All are secondary schools in Scotland. Baseline surveys conducted with students in S3 (ages 13–14). Follow-up surveys conducted with the same cohort, six months post-baseline..
Intervention
PRoGRAM-A trainers will deliver a two-day, out-of-school training workshop to Peer supporters. Peer supporters will be nominated by peers among their school year group (S3, age 13–14). Workshops will provide peer supporters with information on four gambling-related topics: 1) what is gambling? 2) gambling and gaming 3) gambling marketing 4) identifying harm and reducing risk. Peer supporters will disseminate the information (message diffusion) they have learned among their friends and family over a 10 week period. After the two-day workshop, PRoGRAM-A trainers will conduct x3 in-school follow-up sessions with peer supporters to offer support, encouragement and advice to Peer Supporters as well as monitor and explore the extent of their message diffusion.
Trial registration
Researchregistry8699. Registered 21st February 2023.