bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
NASHmap: clinical utility of a machine learning model to identify patients at risk of NASH in real-world settings
Authors: Schattenberg Jörn M. , Balp Maria-Magdalena , Reinhart Brenda , Tietz Andreas , Regnier Stephane A. , Capkun Gorana , Ye Qin , Loeffler Jürgen , Pedrosa Marcos C. , Docherty Matt
Published: April 2023

The NASHmap model is a non-invasive tool using 14 variables (features) collected in standard clinical practice to classify patients as probable nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) or non-NASH, and here we have explored its performance and prediction accuracy. The National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) NAFLD Adult Database and the Optum Electronic Health Record (EHR) were used for patient data. Model performance metrics were calculated from correct and incorrect classifications for 281 NIDDK (biopsy-confirmed NASH and non-NASH, with and without stratification by type 2 diabetes status) and 1,016 Optum (biopsy-confirmed NASH) patients. NASHmap sensitivity in NIDDK is 81%, with a slightly higher sensitivity in T2DM patients (86%) than non-T2DM patients (77%). NIDDK patients misclassified by NASHmap had mean feature values distinct from correctly predicted patients, particularly for aspartate transaminase (AST; 75.88 U/L true positive vs 34.94 U/L false negative), and alanine transaminase (ALT; 104.09 U/L vs 47.99 U/L). Sensitivity was slightly lower in Optum at 72%. In an undiagnosed Optum cohort at risk for NASH (n = 2.9 M), NASHmap predicted 31% of patients as NASH. This predicted NASH group had AST and ALT mean levels above normal range of 0–35 U/L, and 87% had HbA1C levels > 5.7%. Overall, NASHmap demonstrates good sensitivity in predicting NASH status in both datasets, and NASH patients misclassified as non-NASH by NASHmap have clinical profiles closer to non-NASH patients.
Development and validation of a semi-automated measurement tool for calculating consistent and reliable surface metrics describing cosmesis in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis
Authors: Suresh Sinduja , Perera Pasan , Izatt Maree T. , Labrom Robert D. , Askin Geoffrey N. , Little J. Paige
Published: April 2023

Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (AIS) is a 3D spine deformity that also causes ribcage and torso distortion. While clinical metrics are important for monitoring disorder progression, patients are often most concerned about their cosmesis. The aim of this study was to automate the quantification of AIS cosmesis metrics, which can be measured reliably from patient-specific 3D surface scans (3DSS). An existing database of 3DSS for pre-operative AIS patients treated at the Queensland Children’s Hospital was used to create 30 calibrated 3D virtual models. A modular generative design algorithm was developed on the Rhino-Grasshopper software to measure five key AIS cosmesis metrics from these models—shoulder, scapula and hip asymmetry, torso rotation and head-pelvis shift. Repeat cosmetic measurements were calculated from user-selected input on the Grasshopper graphical interface. InterClass-correlation (ICC) was used to determine intra- and inter-user reliability. Torso rotation and head-pelvis shift measurements showed excellent reliability (> 0.9), shoulder asymmetry measurements showed good to excellent reliability (> 0.7) and scapula and hip asymmetry measurements showed good to moderate reliability (> 0.5). The ICC results indicated that experience with AIS was not required to reliably measure shoulder asymmetry, torso rotation and head-pelvis shift, but was necessary for the other metrics. This new semi-automated workflow reliably characterises external torso deformity, reduces the dependence on manual anatomical landmarking, and does not require bulky/expensive equipment.
Prosocial behavior, social reward and affective state discrimination in adult male and female mice
Authors: Misiołek Klaudia , Klimczak Marta , Chrószcz Magdalena , Szumiec Łukasz , Bryksa Anna , Przyborowicz Karolina , Rodriguez Parkitna Jan , Harda Zofia
Published: April 2023

Prosocial behavior, defined as voluntary behavior intended to benefit another, has long been regarded as a primarily human characteristic. In recent years, it was reported that laboratory animals also favor prosocial choices in various experimental paradigms, thus demonstrating that prosocial behaviors are evolutionarily conserved. Here, we investigated prosocial choices in adult male and female C57BL/6 laboratory mice in a task where a subject mouse was equally rewarded for entering any of the two compartments of the experimental cage, but only entering of the compartment designated as “prosocial” rewarded an interaction partner. In parallel we have also assessed two traits that are regarded as closely related to prosociality: sensitivity to social reward and the ability to recognize the affective state of another individual. We found that female, but not male, mice increased frequency of prosocial choices from pretest to test. However, both sexes showed similar rewarding effects of social contact in the conditioned place preference test, and similarly, there was no effect of sex on affective state discrimination measured as the preference for interaction with a hungry or relieved mouse over a neutral animal. These observations bring interesting parallels to differences between sexes observed in humans, and are in line with reported higher propensity for prosocial behavior in human females, but differ with regard to sensitivity to social stimuli in males.
Small RNA sequencing of circulating small extracellular vesicles microRNAs in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Kim Jin-Ah , Park Canaria , Sung Jung-Joon , Seo Do-Jin , Choi Seok-Jin , Hong Yoon-Ho
Published: April 2023

Dysregulation of microRNAs (miRNA) in small extracellular vesicles (sEV) such as exosomes have been implicated in the pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Although circulating cell-free miRNA have been extensively investigated in ALS, sEV-derived miRNAs have not been systemically explored yet. Here, we performed small RNA sequencing analysis of serum sEV and identified 5 differentially expressed miRNA in a discovery cohort of 12 patients and 11 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (fold change > 2, p < 0.05). Two of them (up- and down-regulation of miR-23c and miR192-5p, respectively) were confirmed in a separate validation cohort (18 patients and 15 healthy controls) by droplet digital PCR. Bioinformatic analysis revealed that these two miRNAs interact with distinct sets of target genes and involve biological processes relevant to the pathomechanism of ALS. Our results suggest that circulating sEV from ALS patients have distinct miRNA profiles which may be potentially useful as a biomarker of the disease.
Design of moving average chart and auxiliary information based chart using extended EWMA
Authors: Naveed Muhammad , Azam Muhammad , Nawaz Muhammad Shujaat , Saleem Muhammad , Aslam Muhammad , Saeed Muhammad
Published: April 2023

The control chart is the most valuable tool in the manufacturing process to track the output process in the industries. Quality specialists always want a visual framework that recognizes sustainable improvements in the monitoring processes. The efficiency of a control chart is increased by utilizing a memory-based estimator or by using any extra information relevant to the key variable. In this study, we present Extended EWMA (EEWMA) and EWMA based monitoring charts for observing the process location using moving average (MA) statistic under two different situations, i.e., when some extra information is known and unknown. We also propose an EEWMA control chart using Auxiliary Information. The output of these charts is evaluated and contrasted to the various existing charts on the basis of average run length (ARL). The comparison indicates that the proposed charts outperform rivals in identifying all types of shifts in the process location parameter. The implementation of these plans is also rendered to incorporate them in a practical situation.
New carbohydrate binding domains identified by phage display based functional metagenomic screens of human gut microbiota
Authors: Akhtar Akil , Lata Madhu , Sunsunwal Sonali , Yadav Amit , LNU Kajal , Subramanian Srikrishna , Ramya T. N. C.
Published: April 2023

Uncultured microbes represent a huge untapped biological resource of novel genes and gene products. Although recent genomic and metagenomic sequencing efforts have led to the identification of numerous genes that are homologous to existing annotated genes, there remains, yet, an enormous pool of unannotated genes that do not find significant sequence homology to existing annotated genes. Functional metagenomics offers a way to identify and annotate novel gene products. Here, we use functional metagenomics to mine novel carbohydrate binding domains that might aid human gut commensals in adherence, gut colonization, and metabolism of complex carbohydrates. We report the construction and functional screening of a metagenomic phage display library from healthy human fecal samples against dietary, microbial and host polysaccharides/glycoconjugates. We identify several protein sequences that do not find a hit to any known protein domain but are predicted to contain carbohydrate binding module-like folds. We heterologously express, purify and biochemically characterize some of these protein domains and demonstrate their carbohydrate-binding function. Our study reveals several previously unannotated carbohydrate-binding domains, including a levan binding domain and four complex N-glycan binding domains that might be useful for the labeling, visualization, and isolation of these glycans.
Real-time observation of optical rogue waves in spatiotemporally mode-locked fiber lasers
Authors: Teğin Uğur , Wang Peng , Wang Lihong V.
Published: April 2023

Fiber lasers offer tabletop nonlinear environments to mimic and study the complex dynamics of nature. Optical rogue waves, rarely occurring extreme intensity fluctuations, are one of the many subjects that can be investigated with a fiber laser cavity. Although oceanic rogue waves are a result of spatiotemporal dynamics, the single-mode nature of the fiber laser and the commonly used measurement techniques limit the optical rogue wave studies to only temporal dynamics. In this study, we overcome such limit to observe rogue wave real-time dynamics in spatiotemporally mode-locked fiber lasers by utilizing state-of-the-art compressed ultrafast photography technique. The multimode laser cavity exhibits long-tailed non-Gaussian distributions under relaxed cavity constraints. Single-shot spatiotemporal measurements of rogue events showed that, instead of noise bursts, the cavity produces clean pulses with high-quality beam profiles. Our results indicate that rogue events in spatiotemporally mode-locked fiber lasers undergo nonlinear spatial transformation due to a power-dependent consistent attractor.
Poroelastic stress relaxation, slip stress transfer and friction weakening controlled post-injection seismicity at the Basel Enhanced Geothermal System
Authors: Boyet Auregan , De Simone Silvia , Ge Shemin , Vilarrasa Víctor
Published: April 2023

Induced seismicity is a limiting factor for the development of Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS). Its causal mechanisms are not fully understood, especially those of post-injection seismicity. To better understand the mechanisms that induced seismicity in the controversial case of the Basel EGS (Switzerland), we perform coupled hydro-mechanical simulation of the plastic response of a discrete pre-existing fault network built on the basis of the monitored seismicity. Simulation results show that the faults located in the vicinity of the injection well fail during injection mainly triggered by pore pressure buildup. Poroelastic stressing, which may be stabilizing or destabilizing depending on the fault orientation, reaches further than pressure diffusion, having a greater effect on distant faults. After injection stops, poroelastic stress relaxation leads to the immediate rupture of previously stabilized faults. Shear-slip stress transfer, which also contributes to post-injection reactivation of distant faults, is enhanced in faults with slip-induced friction weakening.
Facilitation of axonal transcriptome analysis with quantitative microfluidic devices
Authors: Yang Zhuoxuan , Yu Jun , Zhang Jian , Song Huixue , Ye Haixia , Liu Jianhui , Wang Nijia , Che Pengfei , Long Gaoxin , Wang Yunxuan , Park Jaewon , Ji Sheng-Jian
Published: April 2023

Two newly developed quantitative chambers, multi-compartmental quantitative bipartite chamber (MQBC) and long quantitative tripartite chamber (LQTC), could dramatically increase the efficiency in collecting axonal RNA.
An overview of atmospheric water harvesting methods, the inevitable path of the future in water supply
Authors: Ahrestani Zahra , Sadeghzadeh Sadegh , Motejadded Emrooz Hosein Banna
Published: April 2023

Although science has made great strides in recent years, access to fresh water remains a major challenge for humanity due to water shortage for two-thirds of the world's population.
Identifying novel selective PPO inhibitors through structure-based virtual screening and bio-evaluation
Authors: Zhao Shan-Shan , Wang Yu-jie , Tang Lei , Guo Bing , Wang Ling , Zhang Ji-Quan , Yang Sheng-Gang
Published: April 2023

The PPO inhibitor ZINC70338 obtained from a docking based virtual screening has a certain selectivity forNicotiana tabacumPPO and human PPO.
Monitoring amyloid aggregation via a twisted intramolecular charge transfer (TICT)-based fluorescent sensor array
Authors: Wang Chao , Jiang Wenchao , Tan Davin , Huang Lu , Li Jin , Qiao Qinglong , Yadav Priya , Liu Xiaogang , Xu Zhaochao
Published: April 2023

This work presents an integrative framework for optimizing organic fluorophores' TICT tendency and environmental sensitivities towards various applications. Two newly developed probes could detect the early phase of Aβ aggregation.
A bioinspired floatable system with a 3D sandwich-type triphase interface for highly efficient nitrogen fixation
Authors: Wang Xiuyan , Shi Xinjian , Yin Shengyan , She Ping , Zheng Jiaqi , Song Yudong , Sun Hang
Published: April 2023

BiVO4@PDMS@MS is a floatable photocatalytic system with many microreactors, forming a 3D sandwich-type triphase interface to transfer nitrogen and water simultaneously, enhance light utilization, and achieve excellent nitrogen fixation performance.
Molecular geometry and the photophysics of thermally activated delayed fluorescence: the strange case of DMAC-py-TRZ
Authors: Crovini Ettore , Dhali Rama , Sun Dianming , Matulaitis Tomas , Comerford Thomas , Slawin Alexandra M. Z. , Sissa Cristina , Azzolin Francesco , Di Maiolo Francesco , Painelli Anna , Zysman-Colman Eli
Published: April 2023

We present the synthesis, optoelectronic characterization, and a detailed theoretical study of DMAC-py-TRZ, a novel, efficient TADF emitter.
Efficient electrocatalytic reduction of nitrate to ammonia over fibrous SmCoO3under ambient conditions
Authors: Hu Peiji , Hu Songjie , Du Hongting , Liu Qian , Guo Haoran , Ma Ke , Li Tingshuai
Published: April 2023

SmCoO3nanofibers achieve a large NH3yield of 14.4 mg h−1mgcat.−1and a high faradaic efficiency of 81.3% at −1.0 Vvs. RHE in 0.1 M PBS with 0.1 M NO3−.
Evaluating the photophysical and photochemical characteristics of green-emitting cerium(iii) mono-cyclooctatetraenide complexes
Authors: Pandey Pragati , Yang Qiaomu , Gau Michael R. , Schelter Eric J.
Published: April 2023

The photophysical properties and photochemical reactivity of the organometallic mono(cyclooctatetraenide)-Ce(iii) complexes: [(C8H8)Ce(μ-X)(THF)2]2 X = O3SCF3− (1), Cl− (2), were studied.
Preparation, characterization, and electrochemical sensing performance of a novel pristine Cd-MOF and its composite with carbon nanotubes
Authors: Yang Chen , Wang Qi , Zhang Kou-Lin
Published: April 2023

Cd-MOF@CNTs showing electrochemical oxidative sensing to glucose and reductive sensing to H2O2 in real-world samples.
Low cost and highly dispersed Ce/Na-ZSM-5 catalysts close to atomic dispersion for enhancing formaldehyde oxidation
Authors: Xu Zhihao , Ye Kai-Hang , Zheng Yuying , Liang Zhiting , Tang Tongxin , Zhang Ying , He Xiaohui , Ji Hongbing
Published: April 2023

Formaldehyde oxidation at room temperature with low-cost catalysts is one of the main development directions of environmental governance.
Unlocking the effect of Li and Ce ions on the thermoluminescence and optically stimulated luminescence signals of the MgB4O7 compound
Authors: Batista João V. B. , Trombini Henrique , Otsuka André , Silveira Iury S. , Caldas Linda V. E. , de Souza Antonio O. , Souza Adelmo S. , Santos Jorge L. O. , Coelho Vinicius , Lima Heveson
Published: April 2023

We analysed the role of lithium and cerium incorporation in changing the luminescence properties of the MgB4O7 compound.
C10H6NO2Cd(NO3)·2H2O: a birefringent crystal with an enlarged band-gap derived from covalent edge-sharing connection
Authors: Wang Yu , Shen Yaoguo , Huang Weiqi , Zhao Sangen
Published: April 2023

A new organic–inorganic hybrid compound, C10H6NO2Cd(NO3)·2H2O, was designed by combining a π-conjugated [C10H6NO2]− group with a [CdO7N] polyhedron, and the experimental energy gap (3.13 eV) is higher than that of the organic raw material.
Regulation of glucolipid metabolism and gut microbiota by green and black teas in hyperglycemic mice
Authors: Zhou Hui , Li Fanglan , Wu Meirong , Zhu Jiangxiong , Wang Yuanfeng , Wei Xinlin
Published: April 2023

A high-sugar and -fat diet (HSFD) has become a primary risk factor for diabetes, and dietary intervention shows a substantial effect on the prevention and management of hyperglycemia.
Graphitic carbon nitride materials in dual metallo-photocatalysis: a promising concept in organic synthesis
Authors: Dam Binoyargha , Das Bubul , Patel Bhisma K.
Published: April 2023

Discussion of the recent reports on dual metallo-photocatalytic strategies using graphitic carbon nitride materials in organic syntheses.
Control of evolution of porous copper-based metal–organic materials for electroreduction of CO2 to multi-carbon products
Authors: Li Lili , Shan Lutong , Sheveleva Alena M. , He Meng , Ma Yujie , Zhou Yiqi , Nikiel Marek , Lopez-Odriozola Laura , Natrajan Louise S. , McInnes Eric J. L , Schröder Martin , Yang Sihai , Tuna Floriana
Published: April 2023

Formation of multi-carbon (C2+) products by electrochemical reduction of CO2 using two porous Cu(ii)-based materials (HKUST-1 and CuMOP, MOP = metal–organic polyhedra) under electrochemical conditions in the presence of TNCQ.
Poly(2-oxazoline)-based core cross-linked star polymers: synthesis and drug delivery applications
Authors: Alkattan Nedah , Alasmael Noura , Ladelta Viko , Khashab Niveen M. , Hadjichristidis Nikos
Published: April 2023

Core cross-linked star poly(2-oxazoline)s are promising materials for drug-delivery applications.
Process temperature-dependent interface quality and Maxwell–Wagner interfacial polarization in atomic layer deposited Al2O3/TiO2 nanolaminates for energy storage applications
Authors: Padhi Partha Sarathi , Ajimsha R. S. , Rai S. K. , Goutam U. K. , Bose Aniruddha , Bhartiya Sushmita , Misra Pankaj
Published: April 2023

The dielectric and electrical characteristics of ATA NLs were significantly enhanced owing to a considerable improvement in the conductivity contrast between sublayers and a substantial decrement in impurity/contaminant concentration.
Sulfur and phosphorus co-doping optimized electronic structure and modulated intermediate affinity on PdSP metallene for ethanol-assisted energy-saving H2production
Authors: Wang Hongjing , Guo Yanan , Mao Qiqi , Yu Hongjie , Deng Kai , Wang Ziqiang , Li Xiaonian , Xu You , Wang Liang
Published: April 2023

The PdSP metallene was synthesized by a facile one-step solvothermal method and employed as a bifunctional electrocatalyst for ethanol-assisted energy-saving H2production.
Intramolecular Buchwald–Hartwig N-arylation of bicyclic hydrazines: practical access to spiro[indoline-2,3′-piperidines]
Authors: Fleurisson Claire , Graidia Nessrine , Foricher Yann , Benedetti Erica , Micouin Laurent
Published: April 2023

An intramolecular Buchwald–Hartwig N-arylation of bicyclic hydrazines and the subsequent reductive cleavage of their N–N bond provide straightforward access to unprecedented spiro[indoline-2,3′-piperidine] derivatives.
Twelve-membered ring photoswitches with excellentZ→Econversion under ambient light
Authors: Falkenburg Ruben , Notheis Maximilian J. , Schnakenburg Gregor , von Krbek Larissa K. S.
Published: April 2023

ExcellentZ→Econversion was observed in a group of macrocyclic azobenzenes which were accessibleviaa versatile synthetic route.
Birefringence and polarized luminescence of a manganese(ii) chloride–triphenylphosphine oxide compound: application in LEDs and photolithography
Authors: Berezin Alexey
Published: April 2023

A new polymorphic modification of the well-known manganese(ii) compound [(Ph3PO)2MnCl2] (where Ph3PO is triphenylphosphine oxide) was designed and investigated in terms of photophysics, electron paramagnetic resonance, and density functional theory.
Hole-transport-layer-free CdSe/ZnS core/shell red quantum-dot light-emitting diodes sensitized by TADF polymers
Authors: Gao Yuhan , Xue Qin , Xie Guohua
Published: April 2023

Energy transfer and charge transport in the thermally activated delayed fluorescence polymer doped quantum-dots were investigated. A high EQE of 18.1% was demonstrated for the first time in the quantum-dot red LEDs without any hole transport layers.
Admirable stability achieved by ns2ions Co-doping for all-inorganic metal halides towards optical anti-counterfeiting
Authors: Yang Chuang , Guo Fengwan , Wang Shanping , Chen Wenwen , Zhang Yu , Wang Nan , Li Zhuozhen , Wang Juan
Published: April 2023

Bismuth (Bi3+) and antimony (Sb3+) ions codoped zero-dimensional Cs2SnCl6metal halide with excitation-wavelength-dependent emission is synthesized as efficient multimodal luminescence material which can be applied in anti-counterfeiting technology.
First-principles study on novel Fe-based quaternary Heusler alloys, with robust half-metallic, thermoelectric and optical properties
Authors: Prakash Roshme , Kalpana G.
Published: April 2023

FeCrYZ (Y = Ti, Zr, & Hf and Z = Sn, and Sb) quaternary Heusler alloys for data storage, energy conversion and optoelectronics applications.
Magnetization reversal of perpendicular magnetic anisotropy regulated by ferroelectric polarization in CoFe3N/BaTiO3 heterostructures: first-principles calculations
Authors: Li Zirun , Chen Bo , Shan Shimin , Zhang Yongmei
Published: April 2023

Ferroelectric polarization reverses the magnetic anisotropy of FeN–TiO2 and FeCo–BaO configurations, which is mainly due to the strong magnetoelectric coupling and orbital hybridization between the interfacial Fe/Co atoms and O atoms.
Optimizing the output performance and parasitic depletion of Bi2Te3-based thermoelectric generators by using a high-density approach
Authors: Tian Yu , Ren Guang-Kun , Zhou Zhifang , Wei Zhijie , Fang Wen , Song Jiangfeng , Shi Yan , Chen Xiaohong , Lin Yuan-Hua
Published: April 2023

A high-density strategy of optimizing packing fraction by increasing the quantity of thermocouples, which could enhance output performance and mitigate power depletion simultaneously, has been successfully demonstrated.
Visual evaluation of acetylcholinesterase inhibition by an easy-to-operate assay based on N-doped carbon nanozyme with high stability and oxidase-like activity
Authors: Zhang Mengli , Wang Cui , Wang Yongqi , Li Feng , Zhu Dangqiang
Published: April 2023

We propose an easy-to-operate nanozyme assay for the visual evaluation of AChE inhibition.
ERK1/2 inhibitors act as monovalent degraders inducing ubiquitylation and proteasome-dependent turnover of ERK2, but not ERK1
Authors: Balmanno Kathryn , Kidger Andrew M. , Byrne Dominic P. , Sale Matthew J. , Nassman Nejma , Eyers Patrick A. , Cook Simon J.
Published: April 2023

Innate or acquired resistance to small molecule BRAF or MEK1/2 inhibitors (BRAFi or MEKi) typically arises through mechanisms that sustain or reinstate ERK1/2 activation. This has led to the development of a range of ERK1/2 inhibitors (ERKi) that either inhibit kinase catalytic activity (catERKi) or additionally prevent the activating pT-E-pY dual phosphorylation of ERK1/2 by MEK1/2 (dual-mechanism or dmERKi). Here, we show that eight different ERKi (both catERKi or dmERKi) drive the turnover of ERK2, the most abundant ERK isoform, with little or no effect on ERK1. Thermal stability assays show that ERKi do not destabilise ERK2 (or ERK1) in vitro, suggesting that ERK2 turnover is a cellular consequence of ERKi binding. ERK2 turnover is not observed upon treatment with MEKi alone, suggesting it is ERKi binding to ERK2 that drives ERK2 turnover. However, MEKi pre-treatment, which blocks ERK2 pT-E-pY phosphorylation and dissociation from MEK1/2, prevents ERK2 turnover. ERKi treatment of cells drives the poly-ubiquitylation and proteasome-dependent turnover of ERK2 and pharmacological or genetic inhibition of Cullin-RING E3 ligases prevents this. Our results suggest that ERKi, including current clinical candidates, act as ‘kinase degraders’, driving the proteasome-dependent turnover of their major target, ERK2. This may be relevant to the suggestion of kinase-independent effects of ERK1/2 and the therapeutic use of ERKi.
Beneficial effects of brief early life angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition wane with time in sheep with solitary functioning kidney
Authors: McArdle Zoe , Singh Reetu R. , Bielefeldt-Ohmann Helle , Moritz Karen M. , Denton Kate M. , Schreuder Michiel F.
Published: April 2023

A child with a congenital solitary functioning kidney (SFK) may develop kidney disease from early in life due to hyperfiltration injury. Previously, we showed in a sheep model of SFK that brief angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition (ACEi) early in life is reno-protective and increases renal functional reserve (RFR) at 8 months of age. Here we investigated the long-term effects of brief early ACEi in SFK sheep out to 20 months of age. At 100 days gestation (term = 150 days) SFK was induced by fetal unilateral nephrectomy, or sham surgery was performed (controls). SFK lambs received enalapril (SFK+ACEi; 0.5 mg/kg, once daily, orally) or vehicle (SFK) from 4 to 8 weeks of age. At 8, 14 and 20 months of age urinary albumin excretion was measured. At 20 months of age, we examined basal kidney function and RFR via infusion of combined amino acid and dopamine (AA+D). SFK+ACEi resulted in lower albuminuria (∼40%) at 8 months, but not at 14 or 20 months of age compared with vehicle-SFK. At 20 months, basal GFR (∼13%) was lower in SFK+ACEi compared with SFK, but renal blood flow (RBF), renal vascular resistance (RVR) and filtration fraction were similar to SFK. During AA+D, the increase in GFR was similar in SFK+ACEi and SFK animals, but the increase in RBF was greater (∼46%) in SFK+ACEi than SFK animals. Brief ACEi in SFK delayed kidney disease in the short-term but these effects were not sustained long-term.
Energy function‐guided histogram analysis for interrupted sampling repeater jamming suppression
Authors: Wang Zijian , Li Jiamu , Yu Wenbo , Luo Yunhua , Zhao Yao , Yu Zhongjun
Published: April 2023

Interrupted sampling repeater jamming (ISRJ) is a novel intra‐pulse coherent jamming based on digital radio frequency memory (DRFM). By repeatedly sampling and retransmitting the radar transmitting signal fragments, a series of false targets can be formed after pulse compression (PC), posing a severe threat to modern radar systems. Inspired by the energy function method and histogram analysis in image processing, an adaptive time‐frequency (TF) filtering method is proposed in this letter. The ISRJ‐contaminated regions can be accurately determined in the TF image after histogram analysis and subsequent energy accumulation. Guided by the energy function, the proposed method can automatically adjust the intensity threshold in TF image histogram analysis and therefore reveals better robustness compared with other competing methods. Simulations have verified the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed method against ISRJ under various circumstances.
AARN: Anchor‐guided attention refinement network for inshore ship detection
Authors: Liu Di , Zhang Yan , Zhao Yan , Shi Zhiguang , Zhang Jinghua , Zhang Yu , Ling Feng , Zhang Yi
Published: April 2023

Inshore ship detection is an important task in several fields, for example, maritime transportation, maritime supervision, and port management. However, due to the diversified categories and locations of different ships and interference of complex surroundings, capturing discriminative characteristics of multi‐scale inshore ships for accurate detection is still challenging. Here, an anchor‐guided attention refinement network (AARN) is proposed to alleviate the problems by prominently designing an attention feature filter module (AFFM) and an anchor‐guided alignment detection module (AADM). In AFFM, of which the attention supervision generated from high‐level semantic features, is used to highlight informative target cues and suppress background interference when establishing a four‐layer feature pyramid. In AADM, the anchor‐aligned features are adopted to eventually identify potential inshore ships, which both alleviates misalignment between refined anchors and pyramidal features and improves the performance further. Extensive experiments conducted on the public Seaships7000 dataset verify the contributions of the proposed modules and the effectiveness of our method for detecting multi‐scale inshore ships in comparison to both domain‐specific and general CNN‐based methods.
DCIFPN: Deformable cross‐scale interaction feature pyramid network for object detection
Authors: Xiao Junrui , Jiang He , Li Zhikai , Gu Qingyi
Published: April 2023

Exploiting multi‐scale features is one of the most effective methods to recognize objects of different scales in object detection. Since image pyramid is time‐consuming, Feature Pyramid Network (FPN) becomes the most popular component used for obtaining pyramidal features. Despite its effectiveness, there still exist some intrinsic defects. In this work, it is attributed to insufficient information flow and a Deformable Cross‐scale Interaction Feature Pyramid Network (DCIFPN) is proposed, which aims to promote the information transfer process with content‐aware sampling and dynamic aggregation weights. More specifically, Deformable Semantic Enhancement Module (DSEM) is designed that can construct accurate information flow with dynamic aggregation weights. In addition, Deformable Spatial Refinement Module (DSRM) is proposed to enhance high‐level features with low‐level location details. When DCIFPN is deployed on RetinaNet and FCOS with ResNet‐50, the performance is improved by 1.6 AP and 1.1 AP, respectively, on the challenging MS COCO benchmark. Apart from one‐stage detectors, DCIFPN is also applicable to two‐stage methods such as Faster R‐CNN and Mask R‐CNN. Further experiments on Pascal VOC and CrowdHuman datasets can verify the effectiveness and generalization of the method.
Local integrated energy system operational optimization considering multi‐type uncertainties: A reinforcement learning approach based on improved TD3 algorithm
Authors: Qiu Yue , Zhou Suyang , Xia Dong , Gu Wei , Sun Kaiyu , Han Gaoyan , Zhang Kang , Lv Hongkun
Published: April 2023

Local integrated energy system (IES), usually a multi‐building heating and cooling system incorporating cogeneration systems and distributed energy resources (DERs), is becoming an efficient energy infrastructure for energy system decarbonization. However, for small and medium‐scale local IESs, the fluctuation of user loads seriously influences energy system operation, and the increasing DER penetration also enlarges the influence. Given the necessity of exploring an efficient way to handle the uncertainties in local IES, this paper proposes a reinforcement learning (RL) approach based on the improved TD3 algorithm. The mathematical model of local IES is first established considering supply‐ and load‐side flexible resources. The local IES dispatch problem is formulated as a Markov decision process (MDP), in which multi‐type uncertainties of renewable generation, electric load and heat load are considered. For solving the MDP, an improved twin delayed deep deterministic policy gradient (TD3) algorithm is proposed with a dynamic balance mechanism of exploration noise. Based on a local IES testbed in the Nantong Central Innovation District, China, a comparison analysis is conducted to verify the promoting effect of flexible resources on the operation economy and renewable energy consumption. The system operating cost reduces by 18.46%, and surplus renewable energy can all be accommodated considering flexible resources. The dispatch policies obtained by the deep deterministic policy gradient (DDPG), the improved TD3, the original TD3 and traditional optimization algorithms are also compared. The results reveal that the convergence stability and solving accuracy of the improved TD3 outperform the other two RL algorithms. Specifically, the system operating cost of the improved TD3 reduces by 2.76% compared with the DDPG, and the energy supply imbalance decreases by around 88%. Meanwhile, the improved TD3 exhibits better operation economy and adaptability to the uncertain environment than the deterministic optimization and intraday rolling algorithms.
An adaptive multivariate Student's t‐process recursive method for hypersonic glide vehicle trajectory prediction
Authors: Xue Xirui , Huang Shucai , Wei Daozhi
Published: April 2023

The trajectory prediction of the hypersonic glide vehicle (HGV) can provide hit point information for early warning systems, which is of great significance for near‐space defence operations. However, the heavy‐tailed noise caused by abnormal environmental disturbance and abrupt changes in vehicle trajectory seriously affects the accuracy of HGV trajectory prediction. To solve the problem of trajectory prediction for HGV under heavy‐tailed noise, we propose an adaptive multivariate Student's t‐process regression method called aEM‐MVTPR. Firstly, a heavy‐tailed noise model is developed using the Student's t‐distribution. Secondly, a multivariate Student's t‐process regression (MVTPR) for HGV trajectory prediction is derived, and the method can learn the HGV trajectory time series features and mine the correlations among the trajectory variables. Finally, to further improve the method's robustness, we use the accelerated expectation maximisation algorithm and Pearson correlation analysis to adaptively estimate and adjust the initial values of the MVTPR parameters. The simulation experimental results show that the proposed method has more accurate predicted values of trajectory variables than multivariate Gaussian process regression (MVGPR) under heavy‐tailed noise conditions. In addition, the ability of the aEM‐MVTPR to adaptively adjust the parameter makes it more robust than the MVTPR under different noise environments.
Design of a novel robust adaptive neural network‐based fractional‐order proportional‐integrated‐derivative controller on DC/DC Boost converter
Authors: Abdollahzadeh Mohammad , Mollaee Hasan , Ghamari Seyyed Morteza , Khavari Fatemeh
Published: April 2023

DC/ DC Boost converter has a right half‐plane zero structure called a non‐minimum phase system, which presents several challenging constraints for designing well‐behaved control techniques. The Fractional‐Order concept as a beneficial scheme provides several advantages, such as lower sensitivity to noise and parametric variation. For this purpose, a Fractional‐order Proportional‐Integrated‐Derivative (FOPID) controller is designed for the Boost converter. On the other hand, for wider ranges of disturbances, including parametric variations, load uncertainty, supply voltage variation, and noise, this approach shows an unsuitable practical application based on its fixed gain values; therefore, the control parameters need to be optimized again to provide ideal operations. An Artificial Neural Network structure (ANNs) is adopted here to optimize the gains of the FOPID in challenging conditions. This method suffers from higher complexity and slower dynamics in practical applications. A single‐layer ANNs is designed to reduce the complexity; also, particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is utilized in this decision‐making structure to provide better results with its online mechanism. Furthermore, the Black‐box technique is applied for the proposed system, which does not require an accurate mathematical model resulting in a lower computational burden, easy implementation, and lower dependency on the states of the model. The Artificial Neural Network structure can optimize the FOPID gains real‐time, even in severe challenging conditions, efficiently. To better examine the superiority of the proposed method, conventional Proportional‐Integrated‐Derivative (PID) and the FOPID controllers are proposed to drive a comparison with this work, which are tuned by the PSO optimization algorithm. The evaluation of simulation results demonstrates that the proposed control scheme is suitable not only for preserving stability but also for compensating for the disturbances and uncertainties in the Boost converter, properly.
Discovery of two metallic cyanoacetylides in IRC +10216: HMgCCCN and NaCCCN
Authors: Cabezas C. , Pardo J. R. , Agúndez M. , Tercero B. , Marcelino N. , Endo Y. , de Vicente P. , Guélin M. , Cernicharo J.
Published: April 2023

We report on the detection of a series of six lines in the ultra-deep Q-band integration towards IRC +10216 carried out with the Yebes 40 m telescope, which are in harmonic relation with integer quantum numbers Ju from 12 to 18. After a detailed analysis of all possible carriers, guided by high-level quantum chemical calculations, we conclude that the lines belong to HMgCCCN, named hydridomagnesium cyanoacetylide. The rotational temperature and column density derived for HMgCCCN are 17.1 ± 2.8 K and (3.0 ± 0.6) × 1012 cm−2, respectively. The observed abundance ratio between MgCCCN and HMgCCCN is approximately three. In addition, we report the discovery in space, also towards IRC +10216, of sodium cyanoacetylide, NaCCCN, for which accurate laboratory data are available. For this species we derived a rotational temperature of 13.5 ± 1.7 K and a column density of (1.2 ± 0.2) × 1011 cm−2.
Formalisation de la scénarisation d’un dispositif de formation avec patients simulés : la méthode SIMPS (Sujets/Instructions au candidat/Mesures/Patient/Support technique)
Authors: Burnier Isabelle , Launay Frédéric , Duveau Mickaël , Gosset Marjolaine
Published: April 2023

Contexte : La scénarisation des activités de simulation est très importante. Beaucoup de gabarits sont proposés pour la simulation en immersion clinique simulée (ICS) mais peu sont réellement adaptés à la simulation avec patient simulé (PS). De plus, peu de lignes directrices proposent une réelle démarche de rédaction. Objectifs : Proposer une méthode de scénarisation basée sur une expérience de 15 ans en cliniques simulées. Méthodes : Une démarche empirique d’analyse de pratiques a été mise en œuvre, aboutissant à la formation d’une démarche méthodique « Sujets/Instructions au candidat/Mesures/Patient/Support technique » (SIMPS). Conclusion : La méthode SIMPS facilite la rédaction selon des étapes précises tout en respectant l’intégration des concepts pédagogiques liés à l’apprentissage par simulation. Avec la méthode SIMPS, n’importe quel clinicien qui désire participer à l’enseignement par simulation avec PS pourra se sentir guidé et en confiance. Des recherches doivent être menées pour évaluer cette méthode auprès des rédacteurs de scénarios de simulation.
Die notärztliche Versorgung von langzeitbeatmeten Patienten im außerstationären Umfeld – im Spannungsfeld zwischen Intensivmedizin und häuslicher Versorgung
Authors: Skazel Tobias , Raub Marcel Dominic , Haas Kirsten , Schutzmeier Martha , Brandstetter Lilly , Ahnert Jutta , Klingshirn Hanna , Reuschenbach Bernd , Heuschmann Peter , Meybohm Patrick , Wurmb Thomas , Kippnich Maximilian
Published: April 2023

Über die letzten Jahre gewann die außerklinische Langzeitbeatmung zunehmend an Bedeutung. Auch wenn Akutkomplikationen im außerstationären Setting nur selten auftreten, sind diese oft mit
dramatischen Folgen verbunden. Bislang ist unbekannt, wie hoch die Einsatzerfahrung von Notärzten in der präklinischen Behandlung von heimbeatmeten Patienten ist, mit welchen Problemen sie
sich im Einsatz konfrontiert sehen und wo Verbesserungspotenzial liegt.

In dieser retrospektiven Beobachtungsstudie wurde allen in Bayern tätigen Notärzten ein elektronischer Fragebogen übermittelt. Circa 7–8% (n = 264) der Notärzte sendeten eine Antwort.

Von den an der Versorgung von langzeitbeatmeten Patienten beteiligten Notärzten sahen sich 66,9% (n = 121) mit Versorgungsproblemen konfrontiert. Insbesondere Probleme mit dem Atemweg oder
dem Beatmungsgerät sind besonders kritisch. Um dem vermehrten Aufkommen von Notfalleinsätzen bei langzeitbeatmeten Patienten gerecht zu werden, sollten spezifische Problemfelder dieser
Patientengruppe stärker in der Ausbildung von ärztlichem und nicht ärztlichem Rettungsdienstfachpersonal berücksichtigt werden.
Total Syntheses of 2,2′-Biindolyl Alkaloids via Cyanide-Catalyzed Imino-Stetter Reaction
Authors: Cheon Cheol-Hong , Park Jinjae , Kim Tae Lyn
Published: April 2023

2,2′-Biindolyl natural products have a long history of applications owing to their unique structural features and biological activities. In this Account, we describe the recent progress achieved by our research group in the total syntheses of several 2,2′-biindolyl natural products using the cyanide-catalyzed imino-Stetter reaction as the key reaction to construct the 2,2′-biindolyl scaffold from 2-aminocinnamic acid derivatives and indole-2-carboxaldehydes. The development of a novel protocol to access 2,2′-bisindole-3-acetic acid derivatives via the cyanide-catalyzed imino-Stetter reaction and its application to the total syntheses of class I (arcyriaflavin A), class II (iheyamines A and B), and class III (calothrixin B) 2,2′-biindolyl natural products are discussed.

1. Introduction

2. Synthesis of 2,2′-Biindolyl Compounds via Cyanide-Catalyzed Imino-Stetter Reaction

3. Total Synthesis of Arcyriaflavin A

4. Total Syntheses of Iheyamines A and B

5. Total Synthesis of Calothrixin B

6. Conclusion
Syntheses of Oxazolidinone-2,3-Fused Indoline and Azaindoline Derivatives
Authors: Nishi Takahide , Yamada Koji , Ishizawa Kaho , Oonishi Yoshihiro , Sato Yoshihiro
Published: April 2023

We herein describe a practical synthetic method to access oxazolidinone-2,3-fused indoline and azaindoline derivatives via one-pot cyclization. These derivatives, which contain sp3-hybridized carbons, may be useful as new scaffolds in medicinal chemistry.
Options of Funding and Ethical Clearance for Medical Researchers in India
Authors: Das Semanti , Chandra Ankit , Nongkynrih Baridalyne
Published: April 2023

Research forms an integral part of present world development and interest. It is the primary source of speculation and outcome-based decision making. Medical research work proves to be a big challenge in low- and middle-income countries due to the constraint of resources and capacity building. The disparities in the distribution of resources, inadequate policy implementation, and lack of prioritization of research make the research challenging. There has been an increase in medical research in India but it is not adequate when compared to other countries or areas. Medical researchers face multiple issues, mainly funding and ethical approval and are stunted by the unacceptance in high-indexed journals. In this paper, we have compiled the options for funding and ethical options and ways available for researchers in India. This will help and encourage researchers pro-actively by providing some guidance on the issues related to finance and ethics required for conducting scientific research.
Stabilization of the Distal Radioulnar Joint Using the TightRope Implant: A Distal Oblique Bundle Augmentation
Authors: Jawahier Priscilla Alysha , Rahimtoola Zulfi O. , Schep N. W. L.
Published: April 2023

Background Triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) injury often results in distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ) instability. However, not all patients with a ruptured TFCC have an unstable DRUJ as in these patients a distal oblique bundle (DOB) may be present. We assumed that augmentation of the DOB leads to a more stable situation following reinsertion of the TFCC. We present the clinical results of a new surgical technique using the TightRope system as a DOB augmentation.

Description of Technique All cases were treated under regional anesthesia with the TightRope implant for which a tunnel was drilled from the distal ulna through the radius along the path of the DOB. The TightRope was passed through the tunnel and secured with buttons on either side. X-rays were made during surgery to confirm correct positioning.

Methods A retrospective study was performed analyzing 21 cases treated with a TightRope augmentation of the DOB. The primary outcome was measured using the patient-rated wrist evaluation (PRWE) score at least 12 months after surgery.

Results Postoperatively, the DRUJ was stable in all patients. The median PRWE score was 16 for the injured side compared to zero for the uninjured side (p-value: < 0.001). The median pronation and supination were not statistically significant when we compared the injured side to the uninjured side. The median grip strength was 31 kg for the injured side compared to 38 kg for the uninjured side (p-value: 0.015). There were two minor postoperative complications (10%).

Conclusion This technique is capable of restoring DRUJ stability with a short immobilization period resulting in good patient-related outcomes and a low complication rate.
Successful Treatment of Congenital Hyperinsulinism Due to KJNJ11 Gene Mutation with Long-Acting Release Octreotide: A Case Report from the Arab Region
Authors: Hasan Gamal M. , Al Hakim Ammar , Eldesoky Mohammad , Suleman Iftikhar , Deeb Asma
Published: April 2023

Congenital hyperinsulinism is a rare hereditary condition that is caused by various gene mutations related to the function of the pancreatic β-cells. It is characterized by dysregulation of insulin secretion leading to profound and recurrent hypoglycemia. Its clinical presentation, histology, response to treatment, and underlying genetic defects are variable making it a heterogeneous condition. Pancreatectomy is indicated in diazoxide un-responsive cases. However, surgical treatment is associated with the possibility of persistent hypoglycemia and iatrogenic diabetes. We report a 3 months old girl who presented with hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia. She was born to consanguineous parents and had a history of four neonatal deaths in siblings. Whole exome sequencing detected a KCNJ11 variant c.350_352del p.(Phe117del) in a homozygous state. Pancreatic scan (positron emission tomography/computed tomography) showed a diffusely increased radioisotope uptake in the head and tail of the pancreas. She was resistant to diazoxide and nifedipine and was shifted to octreotide treatment through multiple daily subcutaneous injections initially. Treatment was changed to monthly depot injection of octreotide that resulted in euglycemia. She kept a normal rate of growth, insulin-like growth factor-1, and liver function. This case is an example of an alternative effective medical therapy that avoids major surgical intervention and prevents long-term complication of recurrent hypoglycemia and iatrogenic diabetes resulting after surgery.