bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Mediating Role of Organizational Identification in the Relationship between Quality of Work Life and Organizational Agility: A Study on Menoufia University Hospitals
Authors: Nafei Wageeh A.
Published: December 2017

The overall objective of the study is to identify the role of Organizational Identification (OI) as a mediating variable in interpreting the impact of Quality of Work Life (QWL) on Organizational Agility (OA). The research community is composed of all employees at Menoufia University hospitals (University Hospitals, National Liver Institute and Students Hospitals) in Egypt. Due to the time and cost constraints, the researcher adopted the sampling method to collect the necessary data for the study. The appropriate statistical methods were used to analyze the data and test the hypotheses.The research discovered a number of results, the most important of which is the existence of (1) that there is a positive effect between QWL and OI, (2) the existence of a positive  impact between the dimensions of QWL and OA, (3) there is a positive  effect between the dimensions of OI OA, (4) there is a positive effect of OI as a mediating variable in explaining the effect of QWL on OA at Menoufia University hospitals; that is, OI plays the mediating role in the relationship between QWL and OA. There is an impact on QWL on OA through OI at Menoufia University Hospitals.The study referred to a number of recommendations, the most important of which are: (1) re-studying and structuring of the system of wages in the hospital in a way that allows them to get the appropriate returns for their efforts, (2) providing a safe and healthy working environment at the University hospital, (3) improving QWL in terms of providing promotional opportunities, objectively, in accordance with specific standards and controls, (4) activating the training programs so that they are not limited to specific categories, (5) involving the employees in the decision making process, in view of the nature and sensitivity of the hospital work, which relates to the lives of citizens and requires a large amount of freedom to make decisions.
A Logic for Statutes
Authors: Lawsky Sarah B.
Published: December 2017

Case-based reasoning is, without question, a puzzle. When students are taught to “think like lawyers” in their first year of law school, they are taught case-based common-law reasoning. Books on legal reasoning are devoted almost entirely to the topic. How do courts reason from one case to the next? Is case-based reasoning reasoning from analogy? How should case-based reasoning be modeled? How can it be justified?In contrast, rule-based legal reasoning (as exemplified in much statutory reasoning) is taken as simple in legal scholarship. Statutory interpretation—how to determine the meaning of words in a statute, the relevance of the lawmakers’ intent, and so forth—is much discussed, but there is little treatment of the structure of statutory reasoning once the meaning of the words is established. Once the meaning of terms is established, statutory reasoning is considered, roughly speaking, to be deductive reasoning.This Essay examines the structure of statutory reasoning after ambiguities are resolved and the meaning of the statute’s terms established. It argues that standard formal logic is not the best approach for modeling statutory rule-based reasoning. Rather, the Essay argues, using the Internal Revenue Code and accompanying regulations, judicial decisions, and rulings as its primary example, that at least some statutory reasoning is best characterized as defeasible reasoning—reasoning that may result in conclusions that can be defeated by subsequent information—and is best modeled using default logic. The Essay then addresses the practical and theoretical benefits of this alternative understanding of rule-based legal reasoning.
Impact of Pharmacist Intervention on Electrocardiogram Monitoring of Pediatric Patients on Multiple QTc Interval–Prolonging Medications
Authors: Hutchins Lisa M. , Temple Joel D. , Hilmas Elora
Published: December 2017

OBJECTIVES To determine whether dedicated pharmacy services improve the rate of electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring in patients at risk for medication-induced QTc interval prolongation. In addition, determine how pediatric institutions currently monitor patients at risk for medication-induced QTc interval prolongation.

METHODS A pharmacist-driven monitoring protocol to detect medication-induced QTc interval prolongation was developed using published literature. If patients were prescribed 3 or more medications known to prolong the QTc interval, they were recommended to have a baseline ECG to assess the QTc interval. If 3 or more QTc interval–prolonging medications were administered for 5 or more days, a follow-up ECG was recommended. Patients prescribed medications known to prolong the QTc interval were identified. Prior to pharmacist intervention, electronic medical records were reviewed to determine if baseline and follow-up ECGs were obtained in patients meeting criteria for monitoring. A dedicated pharmacist then prospectively reviewed charts and recommended monitoring. The rate of monitoring during the intervention and baseline period was compared. To determine current practice at pediatric institutions, a survey was distributed to pharmacists.

RESULTS Pharmacist intervention improved the rate of ECG monitoring in patients at risk for medication-induced QTc interval prolongation from 47.8% to 100% (p = 0.0009). Of the 55 survey participants, 6 stated their institution had QTc interval monitoring procedures in place, 35 did not have any, and 3 had procedures in process.

CONCLUSIONS Targeted pharmacist intervention improved the rate of ECG monitoring in patients at risk for medication-induced prolonged QTc interval. Our research and survey data reveal that institutions could benefit from targeted pharmacist intervention to monitor patients for medication-induced QTc interval prolongation.
Acetaminophen for Patent Ductus Arteriosus in Extremely Low-Birth-Weight Neonates
Authors: Luecke Caitlyn M. , Liviskie Caren J. , Zeller Brandy N. , Vesoulis Zachary A. , McPherson Christopher
Published: December 2017

OBJECTIVE Although non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are the current standard therapy for the treatment of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), many neonates have contraindications to receiving or may fail NSAID therapy. To avoid surgical ligation, these patients may benefit from an alternative therapy. The objective of this research is to report the efficacy and safety of acetaminophen for the treatment of PDA in a cohort of premature neonates.

METHODS Demographics and clinical course were retrospectively evaluated for all neonates admitted during the study period who received acetaminophen for the treatment of PDA. Initial acetaminophen dosing was 15 mg/kg every 6 hours (88% intravenous). Efficacy was analyzed from ductal constriction on echocardiogram as well as need for further PDA treatment. Markers of hepatic and renal function as well as respiratory support and neonatal morbidities were evaluated to describe the safety of acetaminophen.

RESULTS Forty-one neonates were identified with a median birth weight of 760 g (IQR 614–948 g) and median gestational age of 25 weeks (IQR 24–27 weeks). Treatment was initiated at a median postnatal age of 15 days (IQR 8–19 days) for a median duration of 7 days (IQR 6–10 days). Twenty-seven neonates (66%) required no further PDA treatment, with echocardiographic PDA closure documented in 10 neonates (24%) and reduced ductal size in 15 neonates (37%). No clinically significant adverse effects attributable to acetaminophen therapy were detected.

CONCLUSIONS Most patients in this study responded to acetaminophen treatment for PDA, indicating that this therapy may be an option for extremely low-birth-weight neonates in order to avoid surgical ligation.
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Prolonged Infusion Aztreonam for Multi-Drug Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa: A Case Report
Authors: Cies Jeffrey J. , LaCoursiere Richard J. , Moore Wayne S. , Chopra Arun
Published: December 2017

Aztreonam, a broad-spectrum monobactam, is typically reserved for multidrug resistant (MDR) infections. Pharmacokinetic (PK) data to guide dosing in children, however, are limited to healthy volunteers or nonintensive care unit (ICU) patients. Impaired antibiotic delivery into tissue remains a major concern and may explain the high morbidity and mortality associated with MDR infections. Therefore, evaluating the PK changes in pediatric ICU patients is necessary to elucidate the most appropriate antimicrobial regimen. We describe the PK of prolonged infusion aztreonam in a patient with MDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa empyema. The 16-year-old tetraplegic male with a cervical spinal cord injury, chronic respiratory failure, and tracheostomy was admitted with a 2-day history of fever and hypoxemia. Chest x-ray revealed a left lower lobe infiltrate. On hospital day 2, computed tomography scan noted a massive collapse of the left lung with bronchiectasis and hepatization with a pneumatocele. He underwent bronchoscopy on days 2, 6, and 10 and the cultures subsequently grew P aeruginosa only sensitive to aztreonam (minimum inhibitory concentration [MIC] of 2–6 mg/L). A regimen of aztreonam 2 grams intravenously (IV) every 6 hours (each dose infused over 4 hours) and polymyxin B 1,000,000 units IV every 12 hours (each dose infused over 30 minutes) was initiated on day 3. On day 8, the aztreonam serum plateau concentration was 71 mg/L. Repeat respiratory and bronchoscopy cultures from days 19 to 37 remained negative. Aztreonam clearance was 2.3 mL/kg/min, which was significantly increased when compared with the 1.3 mL/kg/min suggested in the prescribing information based on adult data. A prolonged infusion of 2 grams of aztreonam every 6 hours (each dose infused over 4 hours) successfully attained 100% of the target serum and lung concentrations above the MIC for at least 40% of the dosing interval, and was associated with successful treatment of MDR P aeruginosa empyema.
Artigos sobre comunicação e mídia de fronteira no Brasil nos eventos nacionais da Intercom (2001-2015)
Authors: Corrêa Pires Dornelles Beatriz , Nazário Heleno Rocha
Published: December 2017

O artigo expõe levantamento de pesquisas sobre mídias e processos comunicacionais nas cidades de fronteira do Brasil com os países da América Latina. O trabalho envolveu consultas aos repositórios de anais dos eventos nacionais do Congresso Brasileiro de Ciências da Comunicação, promovido anualmente pela Sociedade Brasileira de Estudos Interdisciplinares da Comunicação (Intercom), a partir da 24ª edição, ocorrida em 2001, em Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, na UFMS, até a 38ª, realizada em 2015. Os dados de interesse são os autores mais prolíficos sobre o tema, o suporte midiático ou processo comunicacional estudado, localização e se há ou não comparação entre meios fronteiriços. Destacam-se entre os resultados a prevalência de estudos sobre mídia nas fronteiras da Região Sul e predomínio de pesquisadoras na realização dos estudos.
En instruktionel analyse af den bestemte artikel i spansk
Authors: Dam Helle , Dam Lotte
Published: December 2017

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En analyse af den spanske passiv fra et kognitivt og funktionelt perspektiv
Authors: Fernández Susana Silvia
Published: December 2017

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Sproglig modellering af den ikke-sproglige event
Authors: Jakobsen Lisbeth Falster
Published: December 2017

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Passiv på spansk: nogle betragtninger om diskursfunktion
Authors: Fernández Susana S.
Published: December 2017

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Halliday og Hasans kohæsionsbegreb i en litterær kontekst
Authors: Nørgaard Nina
Published: December 2017

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Modalitet i en funktionelt orienteret tysk grammatik
Authors: Jakobsen Lisbeth Falster
Published: December 2017

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Fællesmængdekonstruktionen
- en konstruktion i dansk talesprog
Authors: Jensen Anne
Published: December 2017

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Perceptionsverber som hjælpeverber?
Den italienske konstruktion vedere di + infinitiv sammenlignet med
den tilsvarende danske se at + infinitiv
Authors: Strudsholm Erling
Published: December 2017

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Semantisk analyse og afvigelser mellem sprogbrug og sprogstruktur
Authors: Boye Kasper
Published: December 2017

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Substantivering af infinitiv og kompletive ledsætninger i spansk
Authors: Dam-Jensen Helle
Published: December 2017

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Den 'mobile' negation og semantisk betydning
Authors: Birkelund Merete
Published: December 2017

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Den kinesiske substantivdannelse (i pŭtōnghuà), udtryk og indhold
Authors: Jakobsen Lisbeth Falster
Published: December 2017

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Hvis børn er det egentlig?
Om relativsætninger, bestemthed mm. i Skånske Lov i ældre middeldansk
Authors: Jensen Eva Skafte
Published: December 2017

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Futurum i det engelske tempussystem: WILL vs. BE going to
Authors: Bache Carl
Published: December 2017

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Diatese eller aspekt i spanske nominalsyntagmer?
Authors: Müller Henrik Høeg
Published: December 2017

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Paradigmatik og associationsdannelse som grundlæggende funktioner i sproget
Authors: Jakobsen Lisbeth Falster
Published: December 2017

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Evolutive anaforer - nu på dansk
Authors: Korzen Iørn
Published: December 2017

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Hjelmslev i Systemisk Funktionel Lingvistik: Inspirationskilde eller fejllæsning?
Authors: Bache Carl
Published: December 2017

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Det franske sprog. Et grammatisk referenceværk.
Authors: Herslund Michael , Korzen Hanne , Nølke Henning , Sørensen Finn
Published: December 2017

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At have eller ikke have
 Trykfordeling i sætninger med har og negation
Authors: Jensen Eva Skafte
Published: December 2017

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Peut-être smidt ud til højre.
 Lidt om peut-êtres mange betydninger
Authors: Nølke Henning
Published: December 2017

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Variation: Funktion eller forvirring?
 Et præpositionelt paradigmes udvikling på portugisisk og andre romanske sprog
Authors: Siversen Annelise
Published: December 2017

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Det kinesiske sprog i en supertype-beskrivelse
Authors: Durst-Andersen Per
Published: December 2017

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Om neksusbegrebets nødvendighed
Authors: Heltoft Lars
Published: December 2017

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Sprog og krop.
 En kognitiv-semiotisk analyse
Authors: Durst-Andersen Per
Published: December 2017

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Opfordringer på dansk, russisk og engelsk i teori og praksis
Authors: Holberg Olga
Published: December 2017

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Sprogtypologi og anaforer
 Om anaforrelationer i endo- og exocentriske sprog
Authors: Korzen Iørn
Published: December 2017

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Nøgne objekter i dansk
Authors: Müller Henrik Høeg
Published: December 2017

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Forgrunding af ledsætninger – et psykolingvistisk forsøg
Authors: Christensen Marie Herget , Christensen Tanya Karoli , Jensen Torben Juel
Published: December 2017

It is a common phenomenon in spoken language that the main point of an utterance is found in a syntactically subordinated clause instead of in its matrix clause. This is the case in constructions where the matrix clause is semantically secondary as well as in subclauses with V>Adv word order in Danish. We argue that such subclauses are foregrounded, and that a foregrounded subclause will attract more attention than a non-foregrounded. To test this, we have conducted an experiment under the Text Change paradigm. Results show that readers pay significantly more attention to the subclause in constructions with semantically secondary matrix clauses than in constructions with semifactive matrix clauses, and, in the latter constructions, more attention to subclauses with V>Adv word order than with Adv>V word order.
En psykolingvistisk test til kvantificering af progression i indlæringen af italiensk som fremmedsprog: metoder og resultater
Authors: Kratschmer Alexandra Regina , Bohn Ocke-Schwen , Pierucci Giulia , Hardman Jocelyn B. , Gavagna Diego
Published: December 2017

This article describes a psycholinguistic protocol designed to elicit individual differences in performance regarding phonological (sound discrimination) and lexical (vocabulary memorization) aspects of learning Italian as a foreign language. An experiment built on that protocol revealed a wide range among participants regarding the number of novel vocabulary items memorized as well as a minor spread regarding the discrimination of a novel Italian consonant contrast. No correlation could be revealed between learning success in vocabulary acquisition and phonological discrimination. We conclude that the two types of tasks can be used as instruments for quantifying aspects of learning Italian as a foreign language.
Den yderste højrefløj – tunge ledsætninger og andre utilpassede elementer i sætningsperiferien
Authors: Mortensen Sune Sønderberg
Published: December 2017

This study explores the constituent order of the right periphery of Danish sentences in modern spoken and written discourse. While it is commonly held that final nominal clauses, due to weight, are positioned ‘outside’ the sentence, very few studies have discussed exactly where this outside position is located in relation to other right peripheral constituents. By discussing traditional accounts and criteria, it is shown that the position in question may be said to harbour not only nominal clauses and so-called ‘heavy constituents’ but a range of subclause types not previously associated with this position. Finally, the topology of extraposition (right-dislocation) and interjectionals are examined and incorporated in a suggested addition to the Danish sentence scheme’s right periphery.
Rasmus Rask og det italienske verbalsystem
Authors: Jensen Viggo Bank
Published: December 2017

The great Danish linguist Rasmus Rask (1787-1832) published a short Italian grammar in 1827. His work is analytic and discursive. In my article I shall present and discuss Rask’s exposition of the Italian verbal system. I shall focus on two elements: 1) Rask’s use of a Danish terminology which has some similarities with Reichenbach’s system; 2) Rask’s allocation of condizionale as an indicative tense, in contrast to a long Italian grammatical tradition of having condizionale as an independent mood. I shall show that Rask’s consistent use of his tense terminology throws a critical light on the Reichenbach system and further argue that the study of Rask’s treatment of condizionale can give us a basis for some clarification and inspiration in the didactics of teaching the Italian language.
Hvad kan en funktionel og variationistisk grammatik tilføre beskrivelsen af det franske sprog?
Authors: Birkelund Merete , Hansen Anita Berit , Kragh Kirsten Jeppesen , Lindschouw Jan
Published: December 2017

(Français)Cet article examine trois sujets de la grammaire française : le mode, les déterminants et les prépositions qui, pour les étudiants danois, posentsouvent de grands problèmes de compréhension et d’acquisition. L’examen des trois sujets se veut fonctionnel mais prend également en considération des aspects variationnistes, ceci pour illustrer nos idées de la conception d’une nouvelle grammaire française destinée aux études universitaires en français. Les aspects fonctionnel et variationniste ne représentent pas la même pertinence pour la description des trois sujets examinés, mais une description fonctionnelle qui prend en considération les variations linguistiques de la langue française contribuerait à une compréhension plus nuancée de la grammaire française.(English)This article examines three grammatical themes in French: mode, determiners and prepositions, often challenging the acquisition of grammatical comprehension for Danish students. The approach of the three subjects is functional, but takes also variational aspects into consideration in order to illustrate our ideas of how to conceive a new French grammar intended for university students of French. The functional and variational aspects are not equally relevant for the three examined subjects, but a functional description which takes the linguistic variations of the French language into consideration would contribute to a more balanced comprehension of the French grammar.
Kan grammatiske konstruktioner have semantisk prosodi?
Authors: Jensen Kim Ebensgaard
Published: December 2017

Drawing on a soft interpretation of the construction-grammatical notion of the lexicon-syntax continuum, this paper explores whether grammatical constructions can be said to display patterns of semantic prosody and discusses ways in which constructional semantic prosody as a theoretical construct would need to be defined such that two types of constructional semantic prosody are posed: inner semantic prosody, which applies to collocational fields in schematic positions in a construction, and outer semantic prosody, which applies to collocational fields in the construction’s co-text. Two admittedly sketchy and exploratory empirical investigations suggest that inner semantic prosody might be a viable theoretical concept, while outer semantic prosody does not seem to be viable.
Tegn og deiksis
Authors: Togeby Ole
Published: December 2017

Five theses about sign systems and articulation: It is shown that although most sign systems with single articulation (mathematics, predicate logic and sheets of music) lack deictic reference, the artificial language Ro has deixis. Double articulation of natural languages gives redundancy necessary for the performance in real time of the messages. In general, meaning is to be anchored to rhetorical situation, but mathematics and logic is not anchored and the meaning is consequently always generic. Natural sign systems have four types of meaning that are metacommunication of each other: conceptual meaning, propositional meaning, informational meaning and interactional meaning.
Sin, hendes og KorpusDK
Authors: Vikner Sten , Ehlers Katrine Rosendal
Published: December 2017

We will briefly present our analysis of the four reflexive/non-reflexive types of pronouns in Danish (jf. Vikner 1985 and Ehlers & Vikner 2017), which each have to comply with two conditions: One type of condition on elements with/without selv (i.e. sig/hende vs. sig selv/ hende selv), and another type of condition on elements with/without sig (i.e. sig/sig selv vs. hende/hende selv). We will then show how the difference between the reflexive possessive and the non-reflexive possessives (sin vs. hendes) fits into this system, and we will examine how compatible our predictions are with data from the Danish national corpus, KorpusDK. We assume that sin corresponds to both sig and sig selv, and we argue against the view that there is a difference between sin and sin egen which corresponds to the difference between sig and sig selv. Finally we will discuss the language change that seems to be taking place at the moment, from a situation where sin may only have a singular antecedent to the new situation where sin may also have a plural antecedent.
Tekst, teksttypologi og tekstækvivalens i kontrastivt perspektiv
Authors: Jensen Bente Lihn , Korzen Iørn , Skytte Gunver
Published: December 2017

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Syntaktiske alternationer og funktionelle kategorier
Authors: Herslund Michael
Published: December 2017

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Kriterier for inddeling af ledsætninger
Authors: Hansen Erik
Published: December 2017

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Fransk som klassifikatorsprog
Authors: Herslund Michael
Published: December 2017

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"Forbindelsesadverbialer" og inversionsmekanismer på fransk
Et udkast til et større projekt
Authors: Korzen Hanne
Published: December 2017

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Ellipsen i tekstgrammatisk perspektiv
Authors: Korzen Iørn
Published: December 2017

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Etleddede sætninger i russisk
Authors: Durst-Andersen Per
Published: December 2017

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En semantisk rollemodel
Authors: Almlund Åse
Published: December 2017

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Subjektets plads i ikke-spørgende sætninger på spontant talt fransk
Authors: Andersen Hanne Leth
Published: December 2017

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Betydningsforskellen mellem der- og som-relativsætninger
Authors: Therkelsen Rita
Published: December 2017

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Anteponeret adverbial
Authors: Hansen Erik
Published: December 2017

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En tekstpragmatisk beskrivelsesmodel for komparativ analyse af nominal determination
Authors: Korzen Iørn
Published: December 2017

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Indirekte Objekt i spansk, grammatikalisering og kongruens
Authors: Bascuñán Silvia Becerra
Published: December 2017

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Det italienske verbalsystem
De finitte formers semantik
Authors: Jensen Bente Lihn
Published: December 2017

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Plaider l’égalité pour mieux la dépasser : Gabrielle Suchon et l’élévation des femmes
Authors: Sabourin Charlotte
Published: December 2017

Cet article se penche sur la contribution de Gabrielle Suchon à la célèbre « querelle des femmes ». J’y démontre que, quoique Suchon défende l’égalité des deux sexes en ce qui a trait à leurs capacités à la liberté, à la science et à l’autorité, elle vise ultimement à montrer que les femmes peuvent se rendre supérieures aux hommes. Je montrerai que son projet d’élévation des femmes ne peut être accompli qu’en soustrayant les femmes à l’influence des hommes, les relations entre les deux sexes étant foncièrement préjudiciables aux premières.
« La Minerve vient de faire sa physique »1
Authors: Rey Anne-Lise
Published: December 2017

L’article montre qu’après la « révolution scientifique » opérée par l’introduction des idées de Newton en France, Émilie du Châtelet a construit un dispositif épistémique inventif qui lui permet d’articuler principes métaphysiques et experimental philosophy. Je cherche à exposer que, s’il y a bien une relative invisibilité du travail philosophique d’Émilie du Châtelet dans l’historiographie des Lumières, cela tient à la fois au statut de femme savante à cette époque (Émilie Du Châtelet ne peut être réduite ni à une traductrice des textes de Newton, ni à une vulgarisatrice des thèses de Leibniz), mais aussi à la situation philosophique d’Émilie du Châtelet, qui ne peut se réduire à aucune filiation (cartésienne, leibnizienne ou newtonienne) et qui élabore une philosophie naturelle originale.
Obstacles à la collaboration civilo-militaire dans les zones de conflit
Authors: Leprince Caroline
Published: December 2017

Dans le cadre de sa participation à la mission en Afghanistan, le gouvernement canadien a mis en oeuvre une approche pangouvernementale au sein de l’Équipe provinciale de reconstruction (epr) à Kandahar. Étant donné la grande diversité des organisations appelées à participer à cet effort concerté, des risques de résistance institutionnelle étaient prévisibles. L’auteure s’interroge sur les raisons pour lesquelles des tensions organisationnelles ont émergé à l’epret sur la manière dont ces tensions ont affecté les dynamiques de collaboration interministérielle. Afin d’examiner ces sensibilités, elle s’appuie sur la littérature de la théorie des organisations et intègre une perspective féministe pour définir le phénomène de subordination des organisations. Cette contribution apporte des éléments nouveaux à l’étude de la collaboration civilo-militaire et tire des leçons quant aux politiques à mettre en place pour optimiser les interventions canadiennes à l’étranger.
La contribution canadienne à la sécurité et à la stabilité en Haïti, 2004-20141
Authors: Rivard Piché Gaëlle
Published: December 2017

Depuis le déploiement de la Mission des Nations Unies pour la stabilisation en Haïti en 2004, le Canada s’est présenté comme un partenaire clé d’Haïti dans la réforme du secteur de la sécurité. L’intervention canadienne a été significative et a certainement contribué au progrès accompli, notamment en ce qui a trait à la réforme de la Police nationale d’Haïti. Toutefois, l’accent mis sur les aspects techniques de la réforme de la police, l’absence d’une stratégie claire guidant l’intervention canadienne, une redéfinition des priorités guidant la distribution de l’aide internationale par le Canada après 2010 et l’incertitude face à l’avenir de la présence des Nations Unies en Haïti ont ralenti les efforts canadiens. Le Canada doit se doter d’une nouvelle stratégie envers Haïti afin d’assurer les progrès accomplis et d’éviter de commettre à nouveau les erreurs du passé.
Proteomic identification of Galectin-11 and 14 ligands from Haemonchus contortus
Authors: Sakthivel Dhanasekaran , Swan Jaclyn , Preston Sarah , Shakif-Azam MD , Faou Pierre , Jiao Yaqing , Downs Rachel , Rajapaksha Harinda , Gasser Robin , Piedrafita David , Beddoe Travis
Published: December 2017

Haemonchus contortus is the most pathogenic nematode of small ruminants. Infection in sheep and goats results in anaemia that decreases animal productivity and can ultimately cause death. The involvement of ruminant-specific galectin-11 (LGALS-11) and galectin-14 (LGALS-14) has been postulated to play important roles in protective immune responses against parasitic infection; however, their ligands are unknown. In the current study, LGALS-11 and LGALS-14 ligands in H. contortus were identified from larval (L4) and adult parasitic stages extracts using immobilised LGALS-11 and LGALS-14 affinity column chromatography and mass spectrometry. Both LGALS-11 and LGALS-14 bound more putative protein targets in the adult stage of H. contortus (43 proteins) when compared to the larval stage (2 proteins). Of the 43 proteins identified in the adult stage, 34 and 35 proteins were bound by LGALS-11 and LGALS-14, respectively, with 26 proteins binding to both galectins. Interestingly, hematophagous stage-specific sperm-coating protein and zinc metalloprotease (M13), which are known vaccine candidates, were identified as putative ligands of both LGALS-11 and LGALS-14. The identification of glycoproteins of H. contortus by LGALS-11 and LGALS-14 provide new insights into host-parasite interactions and the potential for developing new interventions.
EEG P300 wave detection using Emotiv EPOC+: Effects of matrix size, flash duration, and colors
Authors: Alzahrani Saleh , Anderson Charles W
Published: December 2017

Objective: The P300 signal is an electroencephalography (EEG) positive deflection observed 300 ms to 600 ms after an infrequent, but expected, stimulus is presented to a subject. The aim of this study was to investigate the capability of Emotiv EPOC+ headset to capture and record the P300 wave. Moreover, the effects of using different matrix sizes, flash duration, and colors were studied.

Methods: Participants attended to one cell of either 6x6 or 3x3 matrix while the rows and columns flashed randomly at different duration (100 ms or 175 ms). The EEG signals were sent wirelessly to OpenViBE software, which is used to run the P300 speller.

Results: The results provide evidence of capability of the Emotiv EPOC+ headset to detect the P300 signals from two channels, O1 and O2. In addition, when the matrix size increases, the P300 amplitude increases. The results also show that longer flash duration resulted in larger P300 amplitude. Also, the effect of using colored matrix was clear on the O2 channel. Furthermore, results show that participants reached accuracy above 70% after three to four training sessions.

Conclusion: The results confirmed the capability of the Emotiv EPOC+ headset for detecting P300 signals. In addition, matrix size, flash duration, and colors can affect the P300 speller performance.

Significance: Such an affordable and portable headset could be utilized to control P300-based BCI or other BCI systems especially for the out-of-the-lab applications.
Effects of traffic noise and relaxation sounds on pedestrian walking speed
Authors: Franek Marek , Režný Lukáš , Cabal Jiří
Published: December 2017

Background. Exposure to noise in everyday urban life is considered to be an environmental stressor. A specific outcome of the reaction from environmental stress is a fast pace of life that also includes a faster pedestrian walking speed. There is a limited amount of experimental evidence that people tend to walk faster in an environment with dense traffic and traffic noise. On the other hand, listening to nature relaxation sounds may decrease actual walking speed. The present study examined an effect of listening to annoying acoustical stimuli (traffic noise) compared to relaxation sounds (forest birdsong) on walking speed in a real outdoor urban environment.

Methods. The participants (N=83) walked along an urban route of 1.8 km. The first part of the route was a street with driving cars, the second part was a dense oak alley that led out of the noisy street with traffic. There were three conditions in the experiment. The participants listened either to traffic noise or to forest birdsong; they walked without listening to any acoustical stimuli in the control condition. Their walking speed was measured for certain parts of the route. After completing their walk, participants were asked to describe their experience during the walk.

Results. A mixed ANOVA indicated a significant between-subjects main effect of the condition (F 2,160 = 14.80, p <.001, η2 = 0.16), significant within-subjects main effect of the section walked (F 2,320 = 103.28, p <.001, η2 = 0.39), and significant interaction between the section walked and direction of the walk (F 2,320 = 11.76, p <.001, η2 = 0.09). A post hoc test showed that participants listening to traffic noise walked significantly faster on the route than participants listening to forest birdsong sounds and participants in the control condition. Participants who listened to forest birdsong walked slightly faster than those under control condition; however, this difference was not significant. Analysis of the walk experience showed that participants who listened to forest birdsong during the walk liked the route more than those who listened to traffic sounds.

Conclusion. The study demonstrated that exposure to traffic noise led to an immediate increase in walking speed. It was also shown that exposure to noise may influence perception of an environment. The same environment may be more liked in the absence of noise or in the presence of relaxation sounds. The study also documented the positive effect of listening to various kinds of relaxation sounds while walking in an outdoor environment with traffic noise.
Inhibition of PIP4Kγ ameliorates the pathological effects of mutant huntingtin protein
Authors: Al-Ramahi Ismael , Giridharan Sai Srinivas Panapakkam , Chen Yu-Chi , Patnaik Samarjit , Safren Nathaniel , Hasegawa Junya , de Haro Maria , Wagner Gee Amanda K , Titus Steven A , Jeong Hyunkyung , Clarke Jonathan , Krainc Dimitri , Zheng Wei , Irvine Robin F , Barmada Sami , Ferrer Marc , Southall Noel , Weisman Lois S , Botas Juan , Marugan Juan Jose
Published: December 2017

The discovery of the causative gene for Huntington’s disease (HD) has promoted numerous efforts to uncover cellular pathways that lower levels of mutant huntingtin protein (mHtt) and potentially forestall the appearance of HD-related neurological defects. Using a cell-based model of pathogenic huntingtin expression, we identified a class of compounds that protect cells through selective inhibition of a lipid kinase, PIP4Kγ. Pharmacological inhibition or knock-down of PIP4Kγ modulates the equilibrium between phosphatidylinositide (PI) species within the cell and increases basal autophagy, reducing the total amount of mHtt protein in human patient fibroblasts and aggregates in neurons. In two Drosophila models of Huntington’s disease, genetic knockdown of PIP4K ameliorated neuronal dysfunction and degeneration as assessed using motor performance and retinal degeneration assays respectively. Together, these results suggest that PIP4Kγ is a druggable target whose inhibition enhances productive autophagy and mHtt proteolysis, revealing a useful pharmacological point of intervention for the treatment of Huntington’s disease, and potentially for other neurodegenerative disorders.
Paradoxical response reversal of top-down modulation in cortical circuits with three interneuron types
Authors: Garcia del Molino Luis Carlos , Yang Guangyu Robert , Mejias Jorge F , Wang Xiao-Jing
Published: December 2017

Pyramidal cells and interneurons expressing parvalbumin (PV), somatostatin (SST), and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) show cell-type-specific connectivity patterns leading to a canonical microcircuit across cortex. Experiments recording from this circuit often report counterintuitive and seemingly contradictory findings. For example, the response of SST cells in mouse V1 to top-down behavioral modulation can change its sign when the visual input changes, a phenomenon that we call response reversal. We developed a theoretical framework to explain these seemingly contradictory effects as emerging phenomena in circuits with two key features: interactions between multiple neural populations and a nonlinear neuronal input-output relationship. Furthermore, we built a cortical circuit model which reproduces counterintuitive dynamics observed in mouse V1. Our analytical calculations pinpoint connection properties critical to response reversal, and predict additional novel types of complex dynamics that could be tested in future experiments.
Mechanistic insights into the active site and allosteric communication pathways in human nonmuscle myosin-2C
Authors: Chinthalapudi Krishna , Heissler Sarah M , Preller Matthias , Sellers James R , Manstein Dietmar J
Published: December 2017

Despite a generic, highly conserved motor domain, ATP turnover kinetics and their activation by F-actin vary greatly between myosin-2 isoforms. Here, we present a 2.25 Å pre-powerstroke state (ADP⋅VO4) crystal structure of the human nonmuscle myosin-2C motor domain, one of the slowest myosins characterized. In combination with integrated mutagenesis, ensemble-solution kinetics, and molecular dynamics simulation approaches, the structure reveals an allosteric communication pathway that connects the distal end of the motor domain with the active site. Disruption of this pathway by mutation of hub residue R788, which forms the center of a cluster of interactions connecting the converter, the SH1-SH2 helix, the relay helix, and the lever, abolishes nonmuscle myosin-2 specific kinetic signatures. Our results provide insights into structural changes in the myosin motor domain that are triggered upon F-actin binding and contribute critically to the mechanochemical behavior of stress fibers, actin arcs, and cortical actin-based structures.
Broad spectrum pesticide application alters natural enemy communities and may facilitate secondary pest outbreaks
Authors: Hill Matthew P. , Macfadyen Sarina , Nash Michael A.
Published: December 2017

Background

Pesticide application is the dominant control method for arthropod pests in broad-acre arable systems. In Australia, organophosphate pesticides are often applied either prophylactically, or reactively, including at higher concentrations, to control crop establishment pests such as false wireworms and earth mite species. Organophosphates are reported to be disruptive to beneficial species, such as natural enemies, but this has not been widely assessed in Australian systems. Neither has the risk that secondary outbreaks may occur if the natural enemy community composition or function is altered.

Methods

We examine the abundance of ground-dwelling invertebrate communities in an arable field over successive seasons under rotation; barley, two years of wheat, then canola. Two organophosphates (chlorpyrifos and methidathion) were initially applied at recommended rates. After no discernible impact on target pest species, the rate for chlorpyrifos was doubled to elicit a definitive response to a level used at establishment when seedling damage is observed. Invertebrates were sampled using pitfalls and refuge traps throughout the experiments. We applied measures of community diversity, principal response curves and multiple generalised linear modelling techniques to understand the changes in pest and natural enemy communities.

Results

There was large variability due to seasonality and crop type. Nevertheless, both pest (e.g., mites and aphids) and natural enemy (e.g., predatory beetles) invertebrate communities were significantly affected by application of organophosphates. When the rate of chlorpyrifos was increased there was a reduction in the number of beetles that predate on slug populations. Slugs displayed opposite trends to many of the other target pests, and actually increased in numbers under the higher rates of chlorpyrifos in comparison to the other treatments. Slug numbers in the final rotation of canola resulted in significant yield loss regardless of pesticide application.

Discussion

Organophosphates are a cost-effective tool to control emergent pests in broad-acre arable systems in Australia. We found risks associated with prophylactic application in fields under rotation between different crop types and significant changes to the community of pests and natural enemy. Disrupting key predators reduced effective suppression of other pests, such as slugs, and may lead to secondary outbreaks when rotating with susceptible crops such as canola. Such non-target impacts are rarely documented when studies focus on single-species, rather than community assessments. This study represents a single demonstration of how pesticide application can lead to secondary outbreaks and reinforces the need for studies that include a longer temporal component to understand this process further.
AS QUESTÕES AMBIENTAIS E A AMBIENTALIZAÇÃO DOS CURRÍCULOS NA UNIVERSIDADE: UM DIAGNÓSTICO NECESSÁRIO
Authors: Marcomin Fatima Elizabeti , Silvério Tamara Flôr , Silveira Lidiane Gomes
Published: December 2017

O presente artigo é um recorte de pesquisas desenvolvidas desde 2012 que objetivaram analisar se as questões ambientais e de sustentabilidade são contempladas em cursos de graduação da universidade, e a possível inserção de processos de ambientalização curricular em seus currículos. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, pautada em dois sistemas de obtenção dos dados: um de cunho documental (análise dos Projetos Político-Pedagógicos dos cursos e Planos de Ensino das disciplinas) e outro de cunho exploratório/descritivo (aplicação de questionários). Os resultados apontam dificuldades de inserção da temática; os cursos de Ciências Biológicas e Agronomia são os que mais se aproximam de uma tentativa de ambientalização curricular; há necessidade de deflagrar o processo na universidade.
ÍNDICE DE DESENVOLVIMENTO DA EDUCAÇÃO BÁSICA E O CONTEXTO ESCOLAR: UM ESTUDO DE CASO NO MUNICÍPIO DE CAMPOS DOS GOYTACAZES – RJ
Authors: Hespanhol de Souza Luana , Gomes Ney Marlon , De Souza Paulo Marcelo
Published: December 2017

O Índice de Desenvolvimento da Educação Básica (IDEB) se apresenta como uma das principais ferramentas de tomadas de decisões do governo em relação à educação. Contudo o IDEB tem sido criticado por sua metodologia puramente quantitativa. O presente trabalho buscou analisar as percepções de professores em relação ao cotidiano escolar e ao indicador através de um estudo de caso em nove escolas estaduais localizadas em Campos dos Goytacazes – RJ. Foi adotada uma abordagem qualitativa e quantitativa, utilizando o método de aplicação de questionários e entrevistas semiestruturadas. A partir dos resultados é possível notar que o IDEB não é suficiente para descrever a qualidade de uma escola e não há grandes diferenças entre as escolas analisadas.
Arabidopsis pollen extensins LRX are required for cell wall integrity during pollen tube growth
Authors: Sede Ana R. , Borassi Cecilia , Wengier Diego L. , Mecchia Martín A. , Estevez José M. , Muschietti Jorge P.
Published: December 2017

Proper cell wall assembly is crucial during pollen tube growth. Leucine‐rich repeat extensins (LRXs) are extracellular glycoproteins which belong to the hydroxyproline‐rich glycoprotein (HRGP) family. They contain a conserved N‐terminal leucine‐rich repeat (LRR) domain and a highly variable C‐terminal extensin domain. Here, we characterized four LRX proteins (LRX8 through LRX11) from pollen of Arabidopsis thaliana. To investigate the role of LRX8‐LRX11 in pollen germination and pollen tube growth, multiple T‐DNA lrx mutants were obtained. The lrx mutants display abnormal pollen tubes with an irregular deposition of callose and pectin. They also show serious alterations in pollen germination and segregation ratio. Our results suggest that LRXs are involved in ensuring proper cell wall assembly during pollen tube growth.
Ionospheric Irregularities and Acoustic/Gravity Wave Activity Above Low‐Latitude Thunderstorms
Authors: Lay Erin H.
Published: December 2017

Ionospheric irregularities due to plasma bubbles, scintillation, and acoustic/gravity waves are studied in the low‐latitude ionosphere in relation to thunderstorm activity. Ionospheric total electron content (TEC) measurements from the Low Latitude Ionospheric Sensor Network and lightning measurements from the World‐Wide Lightning Location Network are compared during two summer months and two winter months in 2013. Large amplitude fluctuations in TEC are found to have a strongly peaked diurnal pattern in the late evening and nighttime summer ionosphere. The maximum magnitude and coverage area of these fluctuations increases as thunderstorm area increases. Summertime midamplitude fluctuations do not exhibit the same diurnal variation but do increase in magnitude and coverage area as thunderstorm area increases. Wintertime ionospheric fluctuations do not appear to be related to thunderstorm activity. These findings show that thunderstorms have an observable effect on magnitude and coverage area of ionospheric fluctuations.