bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Productive qualities of cows against the background of the use of mineral feed additives
Authors: Gorelik O. V. , Gorelik A. S. , Uryumtseva T. I. , Rebezov M. B. , Kharlap S. Yu.
Published: November 2024

Relevance. Holstein dairy cattle are bred in the Sverdlovsk region, its improvement is carried out by selecting and selecting the best for further breeding. In order for them to display their genetic potential of productivity, it is necessary to ensure a balanced diet. The purpose of the work is to evaluate the productive qualities of cows against the background of the use of mineral feed additives.

Methods. To conduct the study in a typical breeding reproducer for the region, 3 groups of heifers in the last trimester of pregnancy (10 heads each) were formed — a control group and two experimental ones based on the principle of pairs of analogues. The dairy productivity of cows for the first lactation was assessed by control milking once a month. The fat and protein content in milk was assessed in an average milk sample once a month from each cow. Reproduction indicators were established by the duration of the periods of the reproduction cycle and the coefficient of reproductive ability.

Results. As a result of the research, it was found that the use of mineral feed additives zeolite of the Karinsky deposit and “Mineral Active” in feeding heifers had a positive effect on milk productivity and reproductive qualities of first-calf cows. The highest milk yield for lactation was shown by the first heifers of the 3rd group, who received the “Mineral Active” mineral supplement for 15 days before calving. The fat content was higher in the milk of cows of the 2nd group, protein — in the milk of cows of the 3rd group. The primary heifer cows of the 3rd group had an advantage in the yield of milk fat and protein, which surpassed their peers in these indicators by 10.1 kg (2.9%, group 2) and 32.6 kg (9.3%, group 1) in milk fat and by 21.0 kg (6.9%) and 29.8 kg (9.8%) of milk protein, respectively. The animals receiving mineral feed additives in the diet were distinguished by a shorter service period, which turned out to be lower by 29.0% and 14.0%, respectively, compared with animals of the 1st group (control). Cows of all groups had an average fruiting period of 286 ± 2.9 — 289 ± 3.2 days.
The complex influence of natural and climatic factors on adaptive reactions in hybrid combinations of sugar beet
Authors: Vostrikova T. V. , Bogomolov M. A.
Published: November 2024

Relevance. Currently, climatic anomalies are observed on the territory of the Russian Federation, including in the Central Chernozem region, to which cultivated plants adapt.

The aim of the study is to evaluate the adaptive reactions of hybrid sugar beet combinations based on productivity characteristics to contrasting weather conditions.

Methods. Male-sterile (MS) separate-fruited forms of sugar beet were crossed with fertile diploid cross-fruited pollinators (selection of the A.L. Mazlumov VNIISS). The obtained hybrids were evaluated for signs of productivity using standard methods. The signs of productivity meant yield, sugar content and sugar collection.

Relevance. Currently, on the territory of the Russian Federation, including in the Central Black Earth Region, there are climatic anomalies to which cultivated plants adapt. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the adaptive responses of sugar beet hybrid combinations to the contrast weather conditions in signs of productivity.
Identification of Genius Loci on the Main Street of Kotagede
Authors: Wiratama Army , Nurdina Haira Najma , Mumulati Ralf , Agustiananda Putu Ayu P , Sholihah Arif Budi
Published: November 2024

Kotagede is one of the districts in Yogyakarta with many historical sites. However, because of the dense morphology of the area that is characterised by small alleys, creating an atmosphere gap between the main street and the village tourism kampung. One of Kotagede's attractions, the silver crafts industries, is a sector that utilises much of the main street space in the form of retail shops. This study aims to explore the character of silver craft industry on Kotagede's main streets using the genius loci phenomenological method. Three parameters of image, space and character were used as the unit of analysis to identify the spirit of the area on Mondorakan and Kemasan streets. The results of the literature study and field observations show that both streets function as landmarks and representations of the silver industry sites. The results of the study are expected to be one of the references in the implementation of the revitalisation of tourist areas in Kotagede.
A new cryptic rock-dwelling species of the genus Iberus Montfort, 1810 (Gastropoda, Stylommatophora, Helicidae) from the southern Iberian Peninsula
Authors: Liétor J. , Jowers M. J. , Jódar P. A. , Galán-Luque I. , Tudela A. R.
Published: November 2024

Since the description in 1957 of Iberus ortizi, a land snail endemic to the south-eastern Iberian Peninsula, there has been limited information about its distribution. It has traditionally been assumed that all populations of rock-dwelling Iberus snails inhabiting the Subbetic mountain ranges of Córdoba belonged to I. ortizi. In this study, intensive sampling throughout the entire potential area of I. ortizi allowed the identification of a new species (named I. rutensis sp. nov.) with conchological features somewhat intermediate between I. ortizi and I. loxanus. This new species occupies a limited area, divided into two populations. The first of these is located south of the Sierras Subbéticas Natural Park and the second is located in the central-eastern part of the massif. Here we present a comprehensive description of the species following an integrative taxonomic approach combining geographical distribution, conchological analysis (including a morphometric study) and phylogenetic position and relationships. We also provide new localities for the cryptic species I. ortizi and I. marmoratus marmoratus, extending their known distributions to the provinces of Jaén and Córdoba, respectively.
Simetrias e assimetrias entre reforçamento e punição: Uma proposta taxonômica
Authors:   Universidade Federal do Pará, Carvalho Neto Marcus Bentes de , Mayer Paulo César Morales ,   Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Ferreira Pedro Araújo ,   Universidade Federal do Pará
Published: November 2024

Historicamente, reforçamento e punição formariam a base explicativa da aprendizagem operante. Seriam os “efeitos” fundamentais descritos originalmente por Thorndike. Posteriormente, Thorndike reformula sua proposição inicial e passa a defender o reforçamento como único processo básico. Mais recentemente, já utilizando a terminologia operante, Skinner e Sidman adotaram essa mesma perspectiva, conhecida como assimétrica. Especialmente a partir dos anos 1960 com os trabalhos de Azrin e Holz, defensores da simetria, estabeleceu-se um debate explícito entre as duas teorias explica-tivas. Após o exame da literatura, observou-se que há pelo menos dois tipos diferentes de dicotomias: Simetria/Assimetria de Mecanismos Explicativos (Tipo 1) e Simetria/Assimetria da Durabilidade dos Efeitos (Tipo 2). Há evidências experimentais favoráveis à simetria entre reforçamento e punição no Tipo 2; Já em relação ao Tipo 1, há evidências experimentais favoráveis tanto à assimetria quanto à simetria entre reforçamento e punição, dependendo do critério a ser adotado (fontes de controle ou classes controladas). Poder-se-ia argumentar que existiriam dois diferentes mecanismos causais capazes de explicar a supressão: um direto (através da consequenciação) e outro indireto (através da produção de respostas concorrentes). Acredita-se que as distinções aqui propostas poderiam ajudar a tornar mais claras as sutilezas terminológicas do debate.
Podemos prescindir de controle aversivo na intervenção analítico-comportamental ao autismo?
Authors:   Universidade Federal do Pará, Martins Tatiana Evandro Monteiro , Barros Romariz da Silva ,   Universidade Federal do Pará,   Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia sobre Comportamento Cognição e Ensino
Published: November 2024

A intervenção analítico-comportamental ao autismo, de forma geral, enfoca duas frentes: o desen-volvimento dos repertórios que estão em déficit e a redução de excessos comportamentais. O uso de controle aversivo neste tipo de intervenção é relativamente pacífico nos casos em que o excessivo comportamento autolesivo e/ou agressivo da criança oferece risco proporcionalmente maior que o da exposição à estimulação aversiva programada. No presente estudo, é proposta uma discussão sobre diversos outros (e menos extremos) pontos de contato entre contingências aversivas e a intervenção analítico-comportamental ao autismo, com um enfoque maior no uso de punição. Muito do conheci-mento disponível atualmente sobre punição, por exemplo, decorre de pesquisas básicas com choque elétrico como estímulo aversivo. O uso de formas moderadas de controle aversivo é relativamente fre-quente sob a identificação de termos como “time-out” ou reforçamento diferencial de outros compor-tamentos (DRO), tanto quanto o é em procedimentos de bloqueio de estereotipias, de comportamento agressivo ou auto lesivo. Pesquisa aplicada sobre o tema lançaria luz sobre uma possível controvérsia sobre o uso de controle aversivo na intervenção.
Adaptive Latency Reduction in LoRa for Mission Critical Communications in Mines
Authors: Nessa Ahasanun , Husain Fatima , Fernando Xavier
Published: November 2024

 Reliable communication is essential to alleviate incidents and escalate rescue operations. However, wireless communication is very challenging in underground mine due to irregular confined shapes and rough environments. A recent wireless standard LoRa (Long Range) is promising in mine environments because of its ultralow power consumption, long range, and deep penetration capabilities. In underground mine, sensors are deployed for continuous monitoring the working environments as well as tracking objects and miners. Therefore, different types of traffic are generated with different QoS requirements. LoRaWAN, the standardized medium access control (MAC) protocol is based on pure ALOHA that can not meet the requirements of mission-critical communications. The mission-critical applications require very low latency and high reliability. In this paper, we evaluate the performance of LoRa and LoRaWAN technologies in an underground mine in the presence of different kinds of traffic; and subsequently we propose redundant retransmission aided adaptive latency reduction protocol for low latency communication. In this protocol the ACK TIMEOUT is adjusted based on the air time of the previous uplink transmission and the contention stage. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed protocol significantly improves the performance of the system and outperforms LoRaWAN in terms of data extraction ratio (DER) and average transmission delay 
Optimization of Spreading Factor Distribution in High Density LoRa Networks
Authors: Emmanuel Alston Lloyed , Fernando Xavier , Husain Fatima , Farjow Wisam Faraj
Published: November 2024

LoRa is a promising wireless technology for various sensing and positioning applications in Smart Cities. LoRa uses Chirp Spread Spectrum (CSS) with different Spreading Factors (SF) to handle varying intensities of multipath reflections and interference. However, the standard LoRaWAN uses the pure ALOHA algorithm that suffers from both Intra-SF collisions and Inter-SF collisions which limit it to mostly low density environment. In this work, we optimize the transmission parameters of a LoRaWAN system in high density Smart City traffic environment using golden section search and parabolic interpolation. Our approach of optimum distribution of spreading factors not only significantly improves the success rate, but also enable more nodes to use lower spreading which results in lower delay. 
LoRa Wireless Link Performance in Multipath Underground Mines
Authors: Emmanuel Alston Lloyed , Farjow Wisam Faraj , Fernando Xavier
Published: November 2024

It has become a challenge to effectively maintain higher levels of safety and productivity in mining operations due to the present-day smart IoT technology advancements in mining equipment and gadgets. Regardless of the complexity of IoT schemes, all the systems rely on one common factor - an effective and reliable transportation mechanism for data and control information from/to the smart devices. Therefore, the communication infrastructure in confined spaces is the most critical element in the smart system operation. This is especially true due to the limitations and complications of physical phenomena affecting the wireless system and networks in the mines and tunnels. Strong multipath nature of the wireless channel affects the smart wireless communication significantly in underground mine.  
INDEKS GLIKEMIK DAN TINGKAT KESUKAAN KUE BROWNIES MOCAF-KETAN HITAM DENGAN VARIASI JENIS PEMANIS
Authors: Widanti Yannie Asrie , Nur’Aini Vivi , Suhartatik Nanik , Christiningrum Yulia Agnes
Published: November 2024

Seiring berkembangnya gaya hidup masyarakat dan kemajuan dalam bidang sosial ekonomi dapat menyebabkan jumlah penyakit degeneratif meningkat, salah satunya diabetes mellitus. Bagi penderita diabetes mellitus dianjurkan untuk mengonsumsi makanan tinggi serat, karbohidrat rendah dan indeks glikemik rendah. Produk brownies dalam penelitian ini menggunakan variasi pemanis, yaitu gula pasir, gula kelapa dan stevia. Stevia merupakan pemanis alami rendah kalori sehingga lebih aman dikonsumsi penderita diabetes mellitus. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan nilai indeks glikemik brownies mocaf-ketan hitam dengan variasi pemanis serta tingkat kesukaan pada masing-masing sampel. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) satu faktor, yaitu penambahan variasi pemanis gula pasir, gula kelapa, dan stevia. Parameter penelitian yang dilakukan adalah analisis kadar gula darah dan analisis organoleptik meliputi warna, rasa, tekstur, aroma dan kesukaan keseluruhan menggunakan metode hedonik. Produk brownies mocaf-ketan hitam menunjukkan nilai indeks glikemik sebesar 13,538 (stevia), 48,257 (gula kelapa), 53,565 (gula pasir) dan termasuk kategori IG rendah. Beban glikemik pada setiap sampel sebesar 4,234 (stevia), 16,56 (gula kelapa) dan 18,71 (gula pasir). Hasil Uji sensoris dengan metode uji hedonik menunjukkan bahwa brownies bebas gluten dengan penambahan pemanis gula pasir lebih disukai panelis dari segi warna, rasa, aroma, tekstur dan kesukaan keseluruhan.
Topology Optimization of Freeform Shells by Employing Isogeometric Analysis
Authors: Ghasemnejad Hossein , Tavakkoli Seyed Mehdi , Hassani Behrooz
Published: November 2024

Topology optimization has attracted significant attention for creating efficient structures in shells. One of the prominent methods in the field is the Solid Isotropic Materials with Penalization (SIMP) approach which is typically employed alongside finite element method (FEM). However in classical FEM, achieving a smooth shell surface, necessitates a considerable number of elements, leading to high computational cost. In this article an Isogeometric Analysis (IGA) based technique is utilized to determine the optimum topology of freeform shell structures. The proposed approach follows the methodology of SIMP by defining a density function over a design domain to parametrize the optimization problem so that zero value represents void areas and one denotes solid parts. Non-Uniform Rational B-splines (NURBS) are employed for structural analysis as well as for interpolating density function for topology optimization (TO). Two models are employed: one with coarse mesh for defining the geometry and another with a fine mesh for analysis and optimization. The Method of Moving Asymptotes (MMA) is employed to solve the optimization problem. A few examples are presented, and the results are discussed and compared with literature in one case to verify the proposed method. It is demonstrated that the proposed approach is efficient in finding the optimum topology of shell structures. The findings show that finer control nets results in clearer boundaries. It was observed that the penalty exponent is essential for obtaining an acceptable solution. It was also noted that the influence of the NURBS degree on optimal topology is trivial.
Protagonismo da enfermagem na proposição de um curso de especialização interprofissional em oncologia
Authors: Lima Antônio Fernandes Costa , Calache Ana Lúcia Siqueira Costa , Silva Adriana Marques da , Santos Daniela Vivas dos , Salvetti Marina de Góes
Published: November 2024

Objetivo: descrever a experiência de enfermeiros na proposição e realização de um Curso de Especialização Interprofissional em Oncologia. Método: Estudo reflexivo sobre a idealização de um Curso de Especialização a partir da parceria entre docentes da Escola de Enfermagem da Universidade de São Paulo e enfermeiros gerentes do Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo. Resultados: Participaram do Curso de Especialização, com carga horária de 490 horas, 19 enfermeiros, cinco fisioterapeutas, três farmacêuticos e duas assistentes sociais. Docentes/especialistas convidados ministraram os conteúdos privilegiando a abordagem interprofissional em oncologia ao longo de oito módulos. As monografias, no formato de revisão integrativa, trataram de temas prioritários/emergentes em oncologia e, ao evidenciarem propostas de intervenções interprofissionais, demonstraram potencial para implementaçãona prática assistencial/gerencial dos concluintes. Considerações finais: O Curso de Especialização, protagonizado por enfermeiros, favoreceu a capacitação de profissionais de saúde para atuação colaborativa em oncologia, nos processos de trabalho assistencial e gerencial.Descritores: Oncologia; Serviço Hospitalar de Oncologia; Equipe de Assistência ao Paciente; Educação Interprofissional; Capacitação de Recursos Humanos em Saúde; Enfermagem Oncológica
Perfil dos Profissionais de Enfermagem com Ausências Não Previstas na Fase Inicial da Pandemia pela Covid-19
Authors: Saito Celina Mayumi Morita , Lopim Nilson , Augusto Fabiana da Silva , Carneiro Ieda Aparecida
Published: November 2024

Objetivo: Conhecer o perfil dos profissionais de enfermagem com ausências não previstas na fase inicial da pandemia pela COVID-19. Resultados: Foram recebidos 1631 documentos de afastamentos de 898 profissionais de março a junho de 2020. Apresentaram mais ausências os profissionais do nível médio (n=642/71,5%) e do período noturno (n=338/37,6%). Os principais motivos de afastamento foram as infecções virais (n=359/22,0%) e os problemas respiratórios (n=203/12,4%). A COVID-19 foi a causa de ausências de 121 profissionais (13,5%), sendo os trabalhadores do nível médio (65/53,7%), lotados em terapia intensiva (36/29,7%) e do período noturno (49/40,5%) os mais afetados. Afastaram-se mais os profissionais acima de 50 anos (p≤0,032) e os auxiliares de enfermagem (p<0,001). Conclusão: Houve um grande número de ausências dentre os participantes, afetando principalmente os profissionais com idade acima de 50 anos e de nível médio. As infecções virais e os problemas respiratórios foram os principais motivos de afastamento.
Análise dos Núcleos de Segurança do Paciente em serviços hospitalares
Authors: Andrade Karina de Souza , Margatho Amanda Salles , Dias Bruna Moreno , Zanetti Ariane Cristina Barboza , Bernardes Andrea , Gabriel Carmen Silvia
Published: November 2024

Objetivo: analisar a formação, composição e funcionamento dos Núcleos de Segurança do Paciente em hospitais de um município do interior de São Paulo. Métodos: estudo quantitativo, exploratório-descritivo, com dados coletados pelo pesquisador principal em Núcleos de Segurança do Paciente de hospitais gerais e especializados. Aplicado instrumento, desenvolvido e validado para este estudo, que contempla variáveis de caracterização do participante, instituição e informações relativas ao Núcleo. Resultados: os núcleos exercem suas funções com autonomia e, em 72,7%, seus profissionais atuam em outras instâncias deliberativas. Enfermeiros desempenham cargo de coordenação de 72,7% dos núcleos, sendo única categoria profissional presente em todos eles. A notificação de eventos adversos é realizada em 100% das instituições, embora o envolvimento dos núcleos em sua análise seja de 63,7%. O envolvimento do paciente é relatado em 54,5% das instituições. Conclusão: a composição multiprofissional, a autonomia e a interação com outros setores fazem com que os núcleos se constituam como potenciais espaços para melhoria da qualidade e segurança do paciente. A despeito disso, os processos e as dificuldades relatadas apontam a necessidade de os hospitais fomentarem o envolvimento do paciente, desenvolverem ações de sensibilização e capacitação profissional, e ampliar a capacidade de análise de eventos adversos.
Caracterização Sociodemográfica e de Saúde de Mães com Neonatos na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal
Authors: Lima Sebastião Elan dos Santos Lima , Maia Rodrigo da Silva , Torres Hemily Taina de Melo , Macêdo Maria Gabriella Madruga de , Maia Eulália Maria Chaves
Published: November 2024

Objetivo: Compreender os fatores sociodemográficos e de saúde das mães e dos neonatos hospitalizados na unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal e como eles influenciam durante a hospitalização. Método: O estudo é quantitativo e transversal realizado com 90 mães em uma maternidade de referência no estado do Rio Grande do Norte. Aplicou-se um questionário sociodemográfico e de saúde, para análise dos dados utilizou-se da estatística descritiva com distribuição de frequências e médias. Resultados: A maioria das participantes reside no interior do  estado, são domésticas ou desempregadas de baixa renda familiar, com união estável/casadas, nível de escolaridade mediana e sem experiências anteriores com filho na UTI neonatal. Conclusão: Os perfis das mães evidenciam uma população que necessita de uma assistência com informações claras e horizontalizadas, requerendo uma articulação com apoio familiar e assistencial para promoção de um período hospitalar menos traumático, com garantia e concretização dos direitos a um cuidado humanizado, de qualidade e equitativo.
Descritores: Mães, prematuridade, Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal.
ВИЗНАЧЕННЯ КРИТИЧНИХ ЗНАЧЕНЬ ПАРАМЕТРІВ ЗОВНІШНІХ ТЕРМІЧНИХ ВПЛИВІВ НА ПІРОТЕХНІЧНІ ВИРОБИ НА ОСНОВІ НІТРАТНО-МЕТАЛЕВИХ СУМІШЕЙ В УМОВАХ ЇХ ЗБЕРІГАННЯ ТА ТРАНСПОРТУВАННЯ
Authors: Козяр Назарій , Кириченко Оксана , Ковбаса Вікторія , Дядюшенко Олександр , Ващенко В'ячеслав , Колінько Сергій
Published: November 2024

Проаналізовано властивості піротехнічних виробів різного призначення (сигнальні та трасувальні засоби, піротехнічні спалахувачі, елементи ракетно-космічної техніки тощо) на основі багатокомпонентних ущільнених сумішей з порошків металевих пальних (магнію, алюмінію, алюмінієво-магнієвих сплавів (ПАМ) та інших), нітратовмісних окиснювачів (нітратів лужних та лужноземельних металів тощо) і добавок різних органічних (парафіну, стеарину, нафталіну, антрацену, уротропіну, ідитолу тощо) та неорганічних речовин (фторидів металів тощо). Встановлено, що під час зберігання та транспортування вони можуть піддаватись інтенсивним зовнішнім термічним впливам (наприклад у разі пожеж у складських приміщеннях, де зберігаються вироби, загоряння близько розташованих легкозаймистих об’єктів, у зонах бойових дій тощо), внаслідок чого відбувається передчасне займання зарядів сумішей, що призводить до руйнування виробів з утворенням високотемпературних продуктів згоряння (до 3000…4000 К), які розлітаються у різні боки та мають пожежну небезпеку для навколишніх об’єктів (паливно-мастильних матеріалів, дерев’яних будівель, пускових установок з обслуговуючим персоналом тощо). Розроблено математичні моделі зовнішніх термічних впливів на поверхню зарядів нітратно-металізованих сумішей з добавками органічних та неорганічних речовин для піротехнічних виробів різного призначення в умовах зберігання або транспортування, які враховують геометричну форму зарядів (плоскі пластини, циліндричні стрижні та напівсферичні елементи); термомеханічні властивості та технологічні параметри суміші; температурні залежності теплофізичних властивостей сумішей. Проведено розрахунки розподілів температури у зарядах сумішей та визначено критичні значення зовнішнього теплового потоку та часу його дії, перевищення яких призводить до передчасного займання зарядів сумішей, вибухового розвитку їх горіння та насамкінець до пожежонебезпечного руйнування піротехнічних виробів і навколишніх об’єктів.
Một số yếu tố nội sinh của cơ sở trợ giúp xã hội tác động tới chất lượng chăm sóc người cao tuổi
Authors: Nguyễn Thị Hoài Thu , Đỗ Thị Hải Hà
Published: November 2024

Nghiên cứu này kiểm định tác động của một số yếu tố tới chất lượng chăm sóc người cao tuổi tại các cơ sở trợ giúp xã hội. Dữ liệu nghiên cứu được thu thập từ khảo sát cán bộ, nhân viên thuộc 129 cơ sở. Kết quả ước lượng OLS cho biết: Cơ sở chăm sóc chuyên biệt có chất lượng chăm sóc tốt hơn cơ sở chăm sóc tổng hợp, cơ sở ngoài công lập chăm sóc tốt hơn cơ sở công lập. Nguồn chi trả chi phí chăm sóc (từ người cao tuổi thuộc đối tượng tự nguyện), Trình độ chuyên môn nghiệp vụ, Kinh nghiệm, kỹ năng trong công việc của nhân viên có tác động tích cực, làm nâng cao chất lượng chăm sóc. Ngược lại, Quy mô hoạt động của cơ sở và Độ tuổi của người cao tuổi được chăm sóc có tác động ngược chiều, làm hạn chế chất lượng chăm sóc.
Antifungal activity of thiadiazole derivative in experimental candidiasis in mice
Authors: Ivkin D. Yu. , Karavaeva A. V. , Chernykh T. F. , Krasnova M. V.
Published: November 2024

Introduction. In the modern world, more attention is paid to the problem of increasing cases of mycosis. In October 2022, the World Health Organization (WHO) published the first fungal priority pathogens list which constitute the greatest danger to human health. Among mycotic infections, one of the leading positions in frequency is occupied by various forms of candidiasis. The WHO has classified Candida albicans as a critical priority group. Therefore, the search for new effective antimycotics is relevant. A new derivative of 1,3,4-thiadiazole was synthesized at Saint-Petersburg State Chemical and Pharmaceutical University. In vitro experiments, it was shown that it has a wide spectrum of antifungal activity in effectiveness comparable to voriconazole.

Aim. To evaluate the antifungal activity of 2-[(1Z)-1-(3,5-diphenyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2(3H)-ylidene)methyl]-3,5-diphenyl-1,3,4-thiadiazole-3-ium (thiadiazole derivative, TD) chloride drug substance in non-invasive bowel candidiasis and acute septicemia (sepsis) models caused by C. albicans.

Materials and methods. Simulations of non-invasive intestinal candidiasis were performed by infecting BALB/c mice with candida with free access to a drinking bottle containing C. albicans yeast cells suspension. Previously, dysbiosis was caused in animals by adding a solution of antibiotics (vancomycin, clindamycin, gentamicin) in drinking water. Simulations of C. albicans-induced acute septicemia were performed by infecting BALB/c mice with intravenous yeast culture suspension. After the mice were infected, the test substance and the comparators Voriconazole and Fluconazole were administered intragastrically once daily. At the end of the experiment, the number of fallen animals were estimated and microbiological examination of internal organs was carried out.

Results and discussion. It was shown that the number of yeast cells secreted from the large and small intestines in mice with non-invasive intestinal candidiasis after administration of a new thiadiazole derivative at all doses tested (1, 5, 10 mg/kg) were significantly reduced compared with control group No. 6 without treatment. At 10 mg/kg, the test substance demonstrated anticandidosis effects at the level of comparators drugs, Voriconazole and Fluconazole. In mice with septicemia, mortality also depended from the dose of the thiadiazole derivative, but only 10 mg/kg proved to be an effective dose.

Conclusion. The study revealed that the new thiadiazol derivative 2-[(1Z)-1-(3,5-diphenyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2(3H)-ylidene) methyl]-3,5-diphenyl-1,3,4-thiadiazole-3-ium showed antifungal activity against Candida albicans in the model of non-invasive intestinal candidiasis and the model of septicemia (sepsis). At 10 mg/kg, TD was found to be active at the level of comparators, Voriconazole and Fluconazole.
Assessment of the risks of impacts of heavy metals and arsenic entering the human body with herbal medicines
Authors: Galenko M. S. , Gravel I. V.
Published: November 2024

Introduction. Liquid dosage forms based on medicinal plant raw materials are very convenient to use and must meet safety requirements. In the context of harmonization of pharmacopoeial requirements, determining the total content of heavy metals in tinctures is not enough. Risk assessment is necessary to calculate the permissible concentrations of heavy metals in tinctures.

Aim. To assess the safety of using tinctures in terms of the content of heavy metals and arsenic within the framework of a risk-oriented strategy.

Materials and methods. The objects of the study were 20 samples of valerian and motherwort tinctures manufactured by various enterprises. The quantitative content of 15 elements (As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sr, Tl, V, Zn) was determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.

Results and discussion. The concentrations of elements in tinctures varied in the range of 0–1.84 μg/g. Manganese and zinc were found in maximum quantities, while cadmium, molybdenum and vanadium were found in minimum quantities. Mercury was not detected in any of the samples. The content of toxic elements in the tinctures did not exceed the levels of permissible concentrations regulated by the normative documentation of the Russian Federation. Total hazard indices (HI) were calculated at the levels of the median and 90th percentile of the content of elemental toxicants. In the tinctures, they were, respectively: valerian – 0.016 · 10–5 and 0.027 · 10–5, motherwort – 0.022 · 10–5 and 0.028 · 10–5. The obtained values were significantly lower than 1.0. Calculation of individual carcinogenic risk (CR) of elemental carcinogens (Cd, As, Cr, Pb) entering the body with tinctures of valerian and motherwort showed that the CR values were in the range of 4.9 · 10–9–6.84 · 10–7, which did not exceed the permissible threshold value (1 · 10–6).

Conclusions. The actual content of toxic elements (Pb, Cd, As, Hg) in tinctures of valerian and motherwort was 0–0.006 μg/g, which did not exceed the levels of permissible concentrations. Calculations of non-carcinogenic risks when using tinctures of valerian and motherwort showed that the total impact of 15 studied elements on human health when consuming a daily dose of tinctures is characterized as permissible, periodic monitoring of the content of non-standardized elements in samples of herbal medicines is not required. It was established that the studied tinctures of valerian and motherwort are not oncogenic factors and do not require risk reduction measures.
Azerbaycan Türkiye Çok Taraflı İlişkilerine Yön Veren Dinamikler: TDT- TÜRKSOY-TÜRKPA
Authors: Bayrakdar Oğuz Kağan , Temür Burcu
Published: November 2024

Sovyet Sosyalist Cumhuriyetler Birliği (SSCB) dağıldıktan sonra bağımsızlığını kazanan ülkeler, ulus kimliklerini inşa edebilmek ve uluslararası sisteme entegre olabilmek adına çeşitli girişimlerde bulunmuşlardır. Bu hususta diğer devlet ve kuruluşlarla iş birliği yapma yoluna gitmiş ve siyasi yapılanmalarda varlık göstermeye çalışmışlardır. Azerbaycan, Özbekistan, Kazakistan, Kırgızistan, Türkmenistan gibi bağımsızlığını yeni elde eden Türk Cumhuriyetleri kültür, tarih, din, etnik köken gibi ortak değerlerin de etkisiyle Türkiye öncülüğünde iş birliği sürecine başlamışlardır. Bu durum da çalışmanın konusu olan teşkilatların ortaya çıkışına zemin hazırlamıştır. Bu çalışma Azerbaycan ve Türkiye cumhuriyetleri arasındaki çok taraflı ilişkilere, bu ilişkileri tesis eden dinamiklere odaklanmıştır. Araştırmanın amacı iki ülkenin çok taraflı ilişkilerine katkı sağlayan teşkilatların ortaya konulması, bu teşkilatların ne ölçüde etkili olduğunun araştırılmasıdır. Devam eden bölümde iki ülke ilişkilerinin kısa analizi yapılmış ve Türk Devletler Teşkilatı (TDT), Türk Dili Konuşan Ülkeler Parlamenter Asamblesi (TÜRKPA), Uluslararası Türk Kültürü Teşkilatı (TÜRKSOY) gibi çeşitli oluşumların Azerbaycan-Türkiye çok taraflı ilişkilerine etkisi tartışılmıştır. Herhangi bir tehdide karşı ülkeleri güven içinde tutan bu tür oluşumlar hem ülkesel hem de bölgesel güvenlik açısından önem addetmektedir. Çalışmada yine bu teşkilatlara üye olan ülkeler, bu ülkelerin ortak beklentileri, bölgesel sorunların alınan kararlara etkisi tartışılmış; bu bilgiler Azerbaycan-Türkiye çok taraflı ilişkiler konteksinde değerlendirilmiştir.
Predictors of hearing improvement in patients with middle ear cholesteatoma
Authors: Tarasova Olga Yu. , Kosyakov Sergey Ya.
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND: The primary goal of middle ear cholesteatoma (MEC) surgery is to totally eradicate the pathology and at the least to preserve hearing at preoperative levels or improve it. In 2017, the European Academy of Otology and Neurotology/Japanese Otological Society (EAONO/JOS) published a new cholesteatoma staging system. This prospective study analyzed the surgical outcomes of patients and evaluated the clinical outcomes and factors predicting hearing improvement.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective cohort study included 175 patients (178 ears) who had undergone MEC surgery between 2016 and 2020. Based on presurgical computed tomography of the temporal bone and surgical protocols, the disease was staged according to the EAONO/JOS staging system. The results obtained by pre- and postoperative pure tone audiometry were analyzed according to the surgical technique used and disease stage. Several potential prognostic factors were evaluated: type of surgical technique, state of the ossicular chain, prosthesis type, and process extension.
RESULTS: Significant hearing improvement was noted after 1 and 3 years in patients with preserved stapes superstructure (p 0.001 and p = 0.019, respectively) and after 1 year in patients who underwent surgery with intact canal wall (p = 0.001). The influence of the process extension (stages according to EAONO/JOS staging system) on the long-term functional outcome after 1 and 3 years was revealed (p = 0.007 and p = 0.005).
CONCLUSIONS: Low-grade EAONO/JOS stage, preservation of the stapes superstructure, and type of surgery (canal wall-up mastoidectomy) are predictors of successful postoperative functional outcomes.
Search for biodegradable polymer material for the reconstruction of tympanic membrane defects
Authors: Naumenko Maria Yu. , Snetkov Petr P. , Morozkina Svetlana A. , Bervinova Anna N. , Yukina Galina Yu. , Zhuravskii Sergei G.
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND: Biocompatible polymer matrices are extensively investigated as materials for the reconstruction of chronic tympanic perforations.
AIM: This study aimed to evaluate the general and local toxicity and biodegradation and biocompatibility mechanism of samples of two-layer polymer films based on chitosan (CS) and hyaluronic acid (HA).
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Bilayer polymer films were prepared by the casting method using CS solutions with molecular weights of 500 and 900 kDa (CS500 and CS900, respectively) and HA with a molecular weight of 1300 kDa. The samples were also treated at 100°C for 5 min (samples marked with t). The toxicity, biodegradation rate, and biocompatibility of the materials were evaluated in 20 Wistar rats weighing 220–240 g. The rats were observed on days 7, 14, 30, and 50 after subcutaneous implantation.
RESULTS: No acute toxicity, septic or allergic inflammation, or scarring of surrounding tissues was observed during the post-implantation period. The biodegradation rate decreased in the following order: CS500-HA (whitout t) ≥ CS900-HA (whitout t) CS500-HA (t) CS900_HA (t). The study demonstrated the effect of CS in different molecular weights and thermal treatment on the degradation rate and polymer implant biodegradation as well as the type of reactive proliferation of the connective tissue.
CONCLUSIONS: These results support further preclinical research on polymer film samples for the development of matrices for tympanoplasties.
The role of anti-reflux therapy in preparing patients for phonosurgical intervention
Authors: Ryabova Marina A. , Ulupov Michail Yu. , Stepanova Valeriya A.
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND: Among patients who consult ear–nose-throat specialists for dysphonia, 50% were found to have pharyngolaryngeal reflux, often combined with benign neoplasms of the vocal folds, which require phonosurgical intervention. No comparative data in the literature indicate the rationality of the prescription of anti-reflux therapy as part of preoperative preparation.
AIM: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of preoperative antireflux therapy on the functional results of phonosurgical interventions performed using a 445-nm semiconductor laser.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: In total, 59 surgical interventions for dysphonia caused by vocal fold lesions were performed in patients with concomitant objective signs of pharyngolaryngeal reflux. In each case, the intervention was performed using a 445-nm semiconductor laser under direct microlaryngoscopy and general anesthesia with high-frequency ventilation. Group 1 (n = 27) was prescribed a course of anti-reflux therapy 1 month before the planned intervention, and group 2 (n = 32) did not receive this therapy at the preoperative stage. Both groups received the prescribed therapy in the postoperative period. Comparative analysis was carried out according to the results of objective and subjective assessments of the voice function quality (acoustic voice analysis; VHI-10rus questionnaire).
RESULTS: No significant differences in the objective and subjective changes in voice quality were found between the two groups.
CONCLUSIONS: Preventive prescription of anti-reflux therapy before the planned phonosurgical intervention does not guarantee the more successful restoration of vocal function. All patients with signs of pharyngolaryngeal reflux should be prescribed anti-reflux therapy in the postoperative period.
Selection of 1.94-µm thulium fiber laser parameters for the submucosal coagulation of the inferior turbinates
Authors: Karpishchenko Sergey А. , Ryabova Marina А. , Ulupov Mikxail Yu. , Yukina Galina Yu. , Sukhorukova Elena G. , Rakhmonov Jakhongir O.
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND: Medical treatment often provides only short-term relief and is ineffective in many cases. Although surgical interventions for vasomotor rhinitis are effective, they are also associated with significant bleeding, nasal tamponade, and hospitalization.
AIM: This study aimed to determine the optimal parameters for laser treatment using a 1.94-µm wavelength on nasal turbinates in vasomotor rhinitis.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The coagulation potential of the 1.94-µm wavelength on calf kidney tissue was investigated to guide the selection of laser parameters for nasal turbinates. Interstitial coagulation was performed on calf kidney tissue at power levels ranging from 1 to 5 W, with an interval of 1 W. The fiber movement speed was set at 4 mm/s. Each power level was tested five times for statistical analysis, and 10 samples were obtained for histological assessment.
RESULTS: With interstitial exposure, the largest coagulation area was observed at 3 W, and the overall diameter of the effect was on average 2.57 ± 0.1 mm.
CONCLUSIONS: The optimal balance between coagulation and ablation was achieved at a power level of 3 W during interstitial exposure.
Diagnosis of submucosal cleft palate by an otorhinolaryngologist
Authors: Andreeva Irina G. , Tokarev Pavel V. , Marapov Damir I. , Andreev Nikita A.
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND: A hidden or submucosal cleft palate is a rare form of isolated clefts characterized by damage to the speech-producing structures of the articulatory apparatus with intact mucous membrane of the palate. Patients with submucosal cleft palate require special attention from an otorhinolaryngologist because this anatomical malformation leads to middle ear damage and significantly affects the hearing and quality of life of patients.
AIM: To determine additional diagnostic criteria for submucosal cleft palate and identify CT markers of submucosal cleft palate, to assess its impact on the function of the middle ear.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 16 patients with submucosal cleft palate who underwent examination and treatment at the Children’s Republican Clinical Hospital of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Tatarstan.
RESULTS: Their median age at diagnosis was 6.5 (range, 3–13) years, and 62.5% of the cases were first suspected by an ear–nose–throat specialist. During the initial examination, a significant decrease in hearing was already noted in 14 (87.5%) patients, otitis media with effusion in the mucosal stage in 21.9%, adhesive otitis media in 21.9%, and chronic otitis with cholesteatoma in 18.8%. Frequent purulent otitis media were observed in the anamnesis in 56.3% of patients (n = 9), and frequent rhinosinusitis in 87.5% (n = 14). Non-partial adenotomy was performed at the place of residence in 5 patients (31.3%), which aggravated rhinolalia. In 62.5% (n = 10) submucosal cleft palate was compensated and rhinolalia was not observed. Three CT markers of submucosal cleft palate were revealed: a wedge-shaped defect in 3D skull reconstruction, a defect of the palatine bone and a shortened vomer in the coronal projection, and displacement of the posterior nasal spine in the sagittal projection.
CONCLUSIONS: Cases of submucosal cleft palate demonstrate the need for ear–nose–throat specialist and pediatricians to know this pathology in order to conduct timely and correct comprehensive rehabilitation of patients.
Herbal treatments: are there risks for ENT surgery?
Authors: Kolotilov Leonid V.
Published: November 2024

When using herbal treatments, we should consider not only their beneficial effects, but also the potential for drug interactions. Serious problems may occur when used in combination with anesthetics and therapeutic agents. Some herbal treatments and biologically active supplements containing herbal components may affect the blood coagulation cascade and increase bleeding during endoscopic procedures in the lumen of ENT organs. They may also interact with later prescribed agents. Therefore, when taking the patient’s history, we should ask not only about the use of pharmaceutical agents, but also about the use of dietary supplements, herbal teas, and some herbal products. In some cases, it is necessary to discontinue herbal treatments in advance to avoid complications during general anesthesia and surgery.
The Effect of Integrated Ovitrap in Reducing The Transovarial Transmission Index in DHF Endemise Areas
Authors: Saepudin Malik , Kasjono Heru Subaris , Martini Martini , Setyowati Eny
Published: November 2024

Dengue hemorrhagic fever is a health problem in Indonesia. Pontianak City as the city center of West Kalimantan Province has an important role in the spread of dengue fever. An effective integrated model for vector control is needed to reduce the incidence of dengue fever in endemic areas. We carried out an intervention using the integrated CTVVC and SAMT model for 4 weeks in 100 homes as an intervention group. To determine the impact of implementing this model, blood samples were examined from the population and Aedes Spp eggs were collected into 2 groups, namely the intervention group and the control group for 4 weeks, namely 3 weeks. before the intervention and 3 weeks after. The egg samples were then colonized into adult mosquitoes with an average age of 7 days. Next, the analysis was carried out according to the immunocytochemical method of streptavidin biotin peroxidase complex (ISBPC) and Polymerase Chain Reaction Transcription Reaction (PCR). The measurement results show that the DENV transovarial index in the intervention area is lower than in the control area, namely 40% and 50%, as well as the DENV infection index in the population shows that DENV infection is higher compared to the intervention. area, namely 26.47% and 22.50%. However, statistical analysis did not show the effect of the CTVVC-SAMT integration model on DENV transovarial transmission index and DENV infection in the population with P value: 0.66, P value: 0.109. This research succeeded in identifying the DENV-3 type.
Nutlin-3 promotes HBV replication by activating mTOR-mediated autophagy
Authors: Han Shaowei , Li Yuanyuan , Wang Junnan , Zhang Yong
Published: November 2024

Background

Currently, there are approximately 240 million individuals worldwide suffering from chronic hepatitis B infection, yet a definitive cure remains elusive. In the context of pharmaceutical interventions for this patient population, the potential issue of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation must be taken into consideration. Nutlin-3 is a small molecule of imidazoline analog, which inhibits tumor growth by suppressing the interaction between human double minute 2 (HDM2) and p53. However, whether it affects HBV replication is not clear.

Methods

HepG2.2.15 cells were used to assess the impact of Nutlin-3 on HBV replication. The expression of Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and Hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) was detected by ELISA. The expression of pregenomic RNA (pgRNA) and core-DNA was detected by RT-qPCR. The activation of relevant signaling pathways was assessed through Western blotting and confocal microscopy detection of the expression of associated proteins.

Results

We found that Nutlin-3 significantly enhances the expression of HBsAg and HBeAg, and it also promotes the expression of pgRNA and Core-DNA. Nutlin-3 promotes HBV replication independent of the HDM2. Instead, it activates the autophagy pathway through p53-mediated mTOR inhibition to promote HBV replication.

Conclusion

When using Nutlin-3 for cancer therapy, it’s important to be aware of the potential side effect of promoting HBV replication in individuals with chronic hepatitis B infection.
Association of immunity-related gene SNPs with Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Bissar Nisrine , Kassir Rayan , Salami Ali , El Shamieh Said
Published: November 2024

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive cognitive decline. Genetic factors have been implicated in disease susceptibility as its etiology remains multifactorial. The CD33 and the HLA-DRB1 genes, involved in immune responses, have emerged as potential candidates influencing AD risk. In this study, 644 Lebanese individuals, including 127 AD patients and 250 controls, were genotyped, by KASP assay, for six SNPs selected from the largest GWAS study in 2021. Logistic regression analysis assessed the association between SNP genotypes and AD risk, adjusting for potential confounders. Among the six SNPs analyzed, rs1846190G>A in HLA-DRB1 and rs1354106T>G in CD33 showed significant associations with AD risk in the Lebanese population (p < 0.05). Carriers of the AG and AA genotypes of rs1846190 in HLA-DRB1 exhibited a protective effect against AD (AG: OR = 0.042, p = 0.026; AA: OR = 0.052, p = 0.031). The GT genotype of rs1354106T>G in CD33 was also associated with reduced risk (OR = 0.173, p = 0.005). Following Bonferroni correction, a significant correlation of rs1354106T > G with AD risk was established. Our results might highlight the complex interplay between genetic and immunological factors contributing to the development of the disease.