bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Labour, Management and the Public
Authors: Goldenberg H. Carl
Published: October 2017

In this paper, presented at the Fifth National Labour, Management Seminar, University of British Columbia, October 1963, the author expresses the fruits of his long experience as a mediator and an arbitrator in labour-management disputes. The parties must face the facts; the law cannot settle everything; a continuous bargaining system would prove valuable.
L'évaluation conjointe des emplois à la Commission des Écoles catholiques de Montréal
Authors: Nadeau Jocelyn
Published: October 2017

S'il est plus difficile de rendre compte des actions des hommes que de rapporter leurs idées, la démarche en ce sens n'en présente que plus d'intérêt. Sans dissocier les deux ordres, qu'il nous soit permis de décrire une expérience, inspirée de propositions implicites; elle nous servira à formuler des hypothèses précises. L'expérience des prédécesseurs et les connaissances que nous ont léguées les théoriciens permirent la réalisation du projet; le compte rendu de sa mise en oeuvre dans un cadre nouveau servira, nous l'espérons, à d'autres organismes. Si ce compte rendu contribue à l'amélioration des méthodes d'évaluation, il aura dépassé son but; s'il fait réfléchir sur leur application, il l'aura atteint.

Le déroulement d'opérations souvent simultanées nous oblige à adopter un plan dont les séquences mettent l'accent sur les jalons principaux. Après un bref aperçu historique, nous passerons aux travaux préliminaires, notamment l'étude pilote, les termes et les formules. Nous retracerons ensuite les étapes majeures de la procédure. Le choix et l'élaboration du système et du plan feront l'objet dun chapitre distinct ainsi que l'essai et la modification de ce plan. Nous verrons enfin l'évaluation de tous les emplois et leur classement.
L'Extention juridique et les métiers de la construction au Québec
Authors: Hébert Gérard
Published: October 2017

La province de Québec est la seule au Canada et en Amérique du Nord à posséder une loi d'extension juridique de conventions collectives. L'auteur analyse ici l'influence de cette législation dans les métiers de la construction sur l'organisation patronale et ouvrière, sur l'unité de négociation, sur le niveau des salaires et sur les différends industriels.
Contracting-out at Arbitration II
Authors: Verge Pierre
Published: October 2017

The approach of Quebec arbitrators on the contracting out issue, as expressed in a number of awards rendered before the enactment of section 10 A of the Quebec Labour Relations Act, is examined in order to be compared with American and Canadian Common Law Provinces views.
La création du ministère du Travail: l'extension juridique des conventions collectives et les années d'avant-guerre 1931-1939
Authors: Chartier Roger
Published: October 2017

Voici le sixième dune série de textes sur la législation québécoise du travail (et sur les services connexes du Ministère du travail) de 1885 à nos jours. Ces notes pourront un jour servir à une histoire plus méthodique des relations du travail au Québec.
Christian Trade Unions and European Integration
Authors: Barnes Samuel H.
Published: October 2017

Christian trade unions of the countries of « Little Europe » have established organizations to coordinate their European activities and to represent their interests before the agencies concerned with European economic integration. They have been forced to seek allies in order to increase their influence. In this search they have two major alternatives: they can work closely with the International Confederation of Free Trade Unions, or they can try to increase their influence within the Christian Democratic political milieu. This article describes the supranational structure of the International Federation of Christian Trade Unions and analyses the problems of orientation with which its supranational activities has confronted it.

The present article was suggested by a broader study of Christian trade unionism in the world. A grant from the Social Science Research Council enabled the author to visit several European countries during the summer of 1959, and this assistance is gratefully acknowledged. Additional research was accomplished in Europe in the summer of 1961.
Les fonctions du tourisme obscur
Authors: WADBLED Nathanaël
Published: October 2017

Au-delà des études de cas, de nombreuses études générales sur le tourisme obscur s’attachent à définir sa fonction spécifique sociale et culturelle. Indépendamment des caractéristiques propres de chaque site visité, ou de chaque touriste, est alors défini un certain mode de relation au patrimoine. Il se distingue du tourisme culturel historique au sens où il n’est pas intéressé par la transmission d’un savoir historien contextualisé, mais par l’éducation à des valeurs morales ayant une dimension civique. Cette situation est l’occasion d’un certain nombre de critiques. Au niveau du contenu transmis, la mise en avant de la transmission de valeurs aurait comme effet une déhistoricisation des événements. Au niveau de la manière dont il est transmis, le tourisme obscur risquerait de devenir une pratique récréative, car cette éducation s’adresse au ressenti des visiteurs et non à leur intelligence réflexive.
Beyond the Shades of Darkness
Authors: SHARMA Nitasha
Published: October 2017

Dark tourism scholarship, so far, has mostly confined itself to European interpretations of rituals and death. This study aims at analyzing the phenomenon of dark tourism in the context of a non-Western and religious setting in India focusing specifically on tourist interest and perceptions. The study focuses upon two types of Hindu death-related rituals performed at the cremation grounds and attempts to understand how travelling to religious sites and witnessing “live” events of death can fall under the broad context of dark tourism, and how the different meanings associated by tourists form paradoxes and ambiguities that existing dark tourism scholarship fails to address adequately.
Dark
tourism ou tourisme mémoriel symbolique ?
Authors: FOLIO Fabrice
Published: October 2017

À travers cette contribution sera esquissée une lecture critique des
ressorts des prestations du dark tourism ou tourisme sombre.
Qu’est-ce qui peut inciter à la mise en tourisme puis au succès – en termes de notoriété –
d’objets historiques dits sensibles ? En nous inspirant du terrain sud-africain, une mise
en perspective sera opérée en le confrontant à la littérature scientifique et à des
exemples notoires tirés de la scène internationale. Ce choix se justifie par le fait que
les prestations du dark tourism en Afrique du Sud, en plus
d’apparaître comme nombreuses et diversifiées dans leurs formes, paraissent combiner
plusieurs facteurs de réussite. Pour certains, il est possible de les associer à une
tendance inscrite dans un contexte de mondialisation touristique, pour d’autres, à des
particularismes locaux aux enjeux affirmés. Parmi les principaux lieux proposés, on trouve
ceux plongeant dans la politique ségrégative de développement séparé ou apartheid. En
vertu du fait qu’ils sont l’émanation ou la résultante d’une période discriminatoire
longue (1948-1991), instable et souvent violente, laquelle a marqué la nation au fer
rouge, nous questionnerons ici la pertinence de les rattacher au tourisme sombre, ou
plutôt à une forme de tourisme de mémoire « grave », très symbolique.
Le viol de Sébastien. À propos de Sébastien Roch d’Octave Mirbeau
Authors: Glaudes Pierre
Published: October 2017

En publiant Sébastien Roch en 1890, Mirbeau, qui y relate le viol d’un adolescent par l’un des jésuites du collège où il fait ses études, a certes des finalités idéologiques : dans la perspective anarchiste où il se place, le viol figure, en les intensifiant, les effets, néfastes pour tout individu, des mécanismes d’intégration et de régulation sociales qu’assurent la famille, l’école, la communauté religieuse et l’armée. Les attouchements du père de Kern portent à son comble un processus destructeur au terme duquel l’éducation reçue par le héros transforme sa vie en un effroyable gâchis. Mais l’originalité du romancier consiste à combiner ce réalisme satirique à une psychologie des profondeurs, qui permet d’explorer de l’intérieur la conscience de la victime. Ainsi l’intérêt du roman tient-il en grande partie aux tensions qui résultent de cette double approche de la question du viol : la restitution de l’expérience intime de Sébastien déborde le cadre idéologique de la satire des institutions sociales pour donner lieu à une tentative de compte rendu quasi phénoménologique des perceptions et des émotions qui traversent la psyché du personnage, laissant ainsi entrevoir la confusion des sentiments qui le lient à son agresseur.
Beyond excitation/inhibition imbalance in multidimensional models of neural circuit changes in brain disorders
Authors: O'Donnell Cian , Gonçalves J Tiago , Portera-Cailliau Carlos , Sejnowski Terrence J
Published: October 2017

A leading theory holds that neurodevelopmental brain disorders arise from imbalances in excitatory and inhibitory (E/I) brain circuitry. However, it is unclear whether this one-dimensional model is rich enough to capture the multiple neural circuit alterations underlying brain disorders. Here, we combined computational simulations with analysis of in vivo two-photon Ca2+ imaging data from somatosensory cortex of Fmr1 knock-out (KO) mice, a model of Fragile-X Syndrome, to test the E/I imbalance theory. We found that: (1) The E/I imbalance model cannot account for joint alterations in the observed neural firing rates and correlations; (2) Neural circuit function is vastly more sensitive to changes in some cellular components over others; (3) The direction of circuit alterations in Fmr1 KO mice changes across development. These findings suggest that the basic E/I imbalance model should be updated to higher dimensional models that can better capture the multidimensional computational functions of neural circuits.
Pulmonary transcriptomic responses indicate a dual role of inflammation in pneumonia development and viral clearance during 2009 pandemic influenza infection
Authors: Almansa Raquel , Martínez-Orellana Pamela , Rico Lucía , Iglesias Verónica , Ortega Alicia , Vidaña Beatriz , Martínez Jorge , Expósito Ana , Montoya María , Bermejo-Martin Jesús F.
Published: October 2017

Background

The interaction between influenza virus and the host response to infection clearly plays an important role in determining the outcome of infection. While much is known on the participation of inflammation on the pathogenesis of severe A (H1N1) pandemic 09-influenza virus, its role in the course of non-fatal pneumonia has not been fully addressed.

Methods

A systems biology approach was used to define gene expression profiles, histology and viral dynamics in the lungs of healthy immune-competent mice with pneumonia caused by a human influenza A (H1N1) pdm09 virus, which successfully resolved the infection.

Results

Viral infection activated a marked pro-inflammatory response at the lung level paralleling the emergence of histological changes. Cellular immune response and cytokine signaling were the two signaling pathway categories more representative of our analysis. This transcriptome response was associated to viral clearance, and its resolution was accompanied by resolution of histopathology.

Discussion

These findings suggest a dual role of pulmonary inflammation in viral clearance and development of pneumonia during non-fatal infection caused by the 2009 pandemic influenza virus. Understanding the dynamics of the host’s transcriptomic and virological changes over the course of the infection caused by A (H1N1) pdm09 virus may help identifying the immune response profiles associated with an effective response against influenza virus.
Real-Time Prescription Benefit Tool Adoption Among US Hospitals
Authors: Klebanoff Matthew J. , Li Pengxiang , Chatterjee Paula , Doshi Jalpa A.
Published: October 2024

This cross-sectional study examines real-time prescription benefit tool adoption among US hospitals overall and by hospital and community characteristics.
Diet and Survival in Black Women With Epithelial Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Armidie Tsion A. , Bandera Elisa V. , Johnson Courtney E. , Peres Lauren C. , Haller Kristin , Terry Paul , Akonde Maxwell , Peters Edward S. , Cote Michele L. , Hastert Theresa A. , Collin Lindsay J. , Epstein Michael , Marks Jeffrey , Bondy Melissa , Lawson Andrew B. , Alberg Anthony J. , Schildkraut Joellen M. , Qin Bo
Published: October 2024

Importance

Ovarian cancer survival among Black women is the lowest across all racial and ethnic groups. Poor dietary quality also disproportionately affects Black populations, but its association with ovarian cancer survival in this population remains largely unknown.

Objective

To examine associations between dietary patterns and survival among Black women diagnosed with epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC).

Design, Setting, and Participants

This prospective cohort study was conducted among self-identified Black women aged 20 to 79 years newly diagnosed with histologically confirmed EOC in the African American Cancer Epidemiology Study (AACES) between December 2010 and December 2015, with follow-up until October 2022. AACES is a population-based study of ovarian cancer risk and survival among Black women in 11 US regions. Data were analyzed from March 2023 to June 2024.

Exposures

Dietary patterns were assessed by the Healthy Eating Index-2020 (HEI-2020) and Alternative Healthy Eating Index-2010 (AHEI-2010), with scores calculated based on dietary intake in the year prior to diagnosis and collected via the validated Block 2005 Food Frequency Questionnaire. Higher scores indicate better dietary quality.

Main outcomes and measures

Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs were estimated from multivariable Cox models for the association between adherence to dietary recommendations and overall mortality among all participants and those with high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC).

Results

Among 483 Black women with EOC (mean [SD] age, 58.1 [10.5] years), 310 deaths were recorded during a median (IQR) follow-up of 4.3 (2.0-8.2) years. No association of dietary patterns with mortality was found among women with EOC overall. However, among 325 women with HGSOC, better adherence to HEI-2020 was associated with decreased mortality in later quartiles compared with the first quartile (HR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.44-0.92 for quartile 2; HR, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.46-0.97 for quartile 3; HR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.44-0.91 for quartile 4 ). Similar results were observed with AHEI-2010 among women with HGSOC for the second (HR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.43-0.89) and fourth (HR, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.45-0.98) quartiles compared with quartile 1.

Conclusions and relevance

In this study, women with moderate and high prediagnosis dietary quality had significantly lower mortality rates from HGSOC compared with women with the lowest prediagnosis dietary quality. These findings suggest that even moderate adherence to dietary guidelines prior to diagnosis may be associated with improved survival among Black women with HGSOC, the most lethal form of ovarian cancer.
Prevalence of Glaucoma Among US Adults in 2022
Authors: Ehrlich Joshua R. , Burke-Conte Zeb , Wittenborn John S. , Saaddine Jinan , Omura John D. , Friedman David S. , Flaxman Abraham D. , Rein David B.
Published: October 2024

Importance

Glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide and, in the US, disproportionately affects people from racial and ethnic minority groups. Glaucoma prevalence has not been estimated for the US in more than a decade, and state- and county-level estimates are not available.

Objective

To estimate glaucoma and vision-affecting glaucoma prevalence by demographic factors and US state and county for the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Vision and Eye Health Surveillance System (VEHSS).

Data Sources

This meta-analysis used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2005-2008), Medicare fee-for-service claims (2019), IBM MarketScan commercial insurance claims (2016), population-based studies of eye disease (1985-2003), and 2022 population estimates from the US Census Bureau.

Study Selection

PubMed was searched for population-based studies of glaucoma prevalence published between 1991 and 2016.

Data Extraction and Synthesis

Bayesian meta-regression methods were used to estimate the prevalence of glaucoma and vision-affecting glaucoma stratified by age, undifferentiated sex/gender (a measure that captures an unclear mix of aspects of sex and or gender), race and ethnicity, and US county and state.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Prevalence of any type of glaucoma (open or closed angle) among people 18 years or older and vision-affecting glaucoma, defined as glaucoma and a visual field abnormality.

Results

For 2022, an estimated 4.22 million people (95% uncertainty interval [UI], 3.46 million to 5.23 million) in the US were living with glaucoma, with a prevalence of 1.62% (UI, 1.33%-2.00%) among people 18 years or older and 2.56% (UI, 2.10%-3.16%) among people 40 years or older. An estimated 1.49 million people (UI, 1.17 million to 1.90 million) were living with vision-affecting glaucoma, with a prevalence of 0.57% (UI, 0.45%-0.73%) among people 18 years or older and 0.91% (UI, 0.71%-1.16%) among people 40 years or older. Prevalence of glaucoma among people 18 years or older ranged from 1.11% (UI, 0.89%-1.40%) in Utah to 1.95% (UI, 1.57%-2.39%) in Mississippi. Black adults had a prevalence of 3.15% (UI, 2.32%-4.09%) compared with 1.42% (UI, 1.10%-1.85%) among White adults; adults in the Hispanic and all other racial and ethnic categories combined had a prevalence of 1.56% (UI, 1.13%-2.06%).

Conclusions and Relevance

This meta-analysis found that an estimated 2.56% of people 40 years or older have glaucoma, slightly more than estimated by previous studies. Black individuals are disproportionately affected. Prevalence estimates at the state and county level can help guide public health planning.
Nongenetic evolution of the tumor: from challenges to new therapeutic opportunities
Authors: Oricchio Elisa
Published: October 2024

The ability of cancer cells to change and adapt poses a critical challenge to identifying curative solutions. Tumor evolution has been extensively studied from a genetic perspective, to guide clinicians in selecting the most appropriate therapeutic option based on a patient's mutational profile. However, several studies reported that tumors can evolve toward more aggressive stages or become resistant to therapies without changing their genetic makeup. Indeed, several cell‐intrinsic and cell‐extrinsic mechanisms contribute to tumor evolution. In this viewpoint, I focus on how chromatin, epigenetic, and transcriptional changes contribute to tumor evolution, allowing cancer cells to transition to different cell states and bypass response to therapies. Although tumor nongenetic evolution is harder to trace and predict, understanding its principles might open new therapeutic opportunities.
Framework to enable and test conversational assistant for APIs and RPAs
Authors: Bandlamudi Jayachandu , Mukherjee Kushal , Agarwal Prerna , Chaudhuri Ritwik , Pimplikar Rakesh , Dechu Sampath , Straley Alex , Ponniah Anbumunee , Sindhgatta Renuka
Published: October 2024

In the realm of business automation, conversational assistants are emerging as the primary method for making automation software accessible to users in various business sectors. Access to automation primarily occurs through application programming interface (APIs) and robotic process automation (RPAs). To effectively convert APIs and RPAs into chatbots on a larger scale, it is crucial to establish an automated process for generating data and training models that can recognize user intentions, identify questions for conversational slot filling, and provide recommendations for subsequent actions. In this paper, we present a technique for enhancing and generating natural language conversational artifacts from API specifications using large language models (LLMs). The goal is to utilize LLMs in the “build” phase to assist humans in creating skills for digital assistants. As a result, the system does not need to rely on LLMs during conversations with business users, leading to efficient deployment. Along with enabling digital assistants, our system employs LLMs as proxies to simulate human interaction and automatically evaluate the digital assistant's performance. Experimental results highlight the effectiveness of our proposed approach. Our system is deployed in the IBM Watson Orchestrate product for general availability.
Data‐efficient graph learning: Problems, progress, and prospects
Authors: Ding Kaize , Liu Yixin , Zhang Chuxu , Wang Jianling
Published: October 2024

Graph‐structured data, ranging from social networks to financial transaction networks, from citation networks to gene regulatory networks, have been widely used for modeling a myriad of real‐world systems. As a prevailing model architecture to model graph‐structured data, graph neural networks (GNNs) have drawn much attention in both academic and industrial communities in the past decades. Despite their success in different graph learning tasks, existing methods usually rely on learning from “big” data, requiring a large amount of labeled data for model training. However, it is common that real‐world graphs are associated with “small” labeled data as data annotation and labeling on graphs is always time and resource‐consuming. Therefore, it is imperative to investigate graph machine learning (graph ML) with low‐cost human supervision for low‐resource settings where limited or even no labeled data is available. This paper investigates a new research field—data‐efficient graph learning, which aims to push forward the performance boundary of graph ML models with different kinds of low‐cost supervision signals. Specifically, we outline the fundamental research problems, review the current progress, and discuss the future prospects of data‐efficient graph learning, aiming to illuminate the path for subsequent research in this field.
A survey of out‐of‐distribution generalization for graph machine learning from a causal view
Authors: Ma Jing
Published: October 2024

Graph machine learning (GML) has been successfully applied across a wide range of tasks. Nonetheless, GML faces significant challenges in generalizing over out‐of‐distribution (OOD) data, which raises concerns about its wider applicability. Recent advancements have underscored the crucial role of causality‐driven approaches in overcoming these generalization challenges. Distinct from traditional GML methods that primarily rely on statistical dependencies, causality‐focused strategies delve into the underlying causal mechanisms of data generation and model prediction, thus significantly improving the generalization of GML across different environments. This paper offers a thorough review of recent progress in causality‐involved GML generalization. We elucidate the fundamental concepts of employing causality to enhance graph model generalization and categorize the various approaches, providing detailed descriptions of their methodologies and the connections among them. Furthermore, we explore the incorporation of causality in other related important areas of trustworthy GML, such as explanation, fairness, and robustness. Concluding with a discussion on potential future research directions, this review seeks to articulate the continuing development and future potential of causality in enhancing the trustworthiness of GML.
Impact of Season, Environmental Temperature, and Humidity on Raynaud Phenomenon in an Australian Systemic Sclerosis Cohort
Authors: Taylor Laura , Hansen Dylan , Morrisroe Kathleen , Fairley Jessica , Calderone Alicia , Oon Shereen , Ross Laura , Stevens Wendy , Ferdowsi Nava , Quinlivan Alannah , Sahhar Joanne , Ngian Gene‐Siew , Apostolopoulos Diane , Host Lauren V. , Walker Jennifer , Tabesh Maryam , Proudman Susanna , Nikpour Mandana
Published: October 2024

Objective

The aim of this study was to determine the impact of season, temperature and humidity on the severity of Raynaud phenomenon (RP) in systemic sclerosis.

Methods

Data from the Australian Scleroderma Cohort Study were used to assess associations of patient‐reported worsened RP in the month preceding each study visit. Mean monthly weather data were obtained from the closest weather station to the patient's address. We evaluated the relationship between worsened RP and health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) measured using the Short Form 36 instrument.

Results

Among 1,972 patients with systemic sclerosis, RP was a near‐universal finding, and worsened RP in the preceding month was reported in 26.7% of 9,175 visits. “Worsened RP” showed significant environmental variability. On multivariable analysis, worsened RP was associated with low mean maximum temperatures (odds ratio [OR] 0.91, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.90–0.92, P < 0.001), high relative humidity (OR 1.05, 95% CI 1.04–1.05, P < 0.001) and lower mean daily evaporation (OR 0.77, 95% CI 0.73–0.81, P < 0.001). Worsened RP was strongly associated with telangiectasia, calcinosis, and digital ulceration, as well as demonstrating an association with anticentromere antibody and gastroesophageal reflux disease and a negative correlation with diffuse disease. Worsened RP was also strongly associated with worse HRQoL.

Conclusion

Lower environmental temperature and higher relative humidity had significant associations with worsened RP in this systemic sclerosis cohort, suggesting an important role for dry warmth in managing this condition.
Atom‐Level 2D Catalysts Accelerating Deposition/Dissolution Kinetics in Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Cheng Kaipeng , Huang Xiahui , Li Yuting , Zhao Jianbo , Sun Lichan , Xu Yinghuan , Cao Zhenjiang , Chen Yahong
Published: October 2024

The performance of high‐energy‐density lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries is limited by the unmanageable deposition/dissolution kinetics of lithium anode and sulfur cathode, leading to subpar electrochemical efficiency. Prior to being deposited on the electrolyte/electrode interface or within the interior, the solvated lithium‐ion (Li+) must undergo de‐solvation to produce free Li+ ions. These ions then participate in subsequent Redox reactions. The sulfur cathode faces challenges related to solid–liquid transformation and polysulfide conversion/shuttle, which impact the deposition/dissolution process. These issues collectively create insurmountable electrochemical barriers in lithium–sulfur batteries. Atom‐level 2D catalysts, contributing to the consummate atomic efficiency (≈100 at%), play an important role in accelerating deposition/dissolution kinetics in lithium–sulfur batteries. In the review, the preparation of atom‐level 2D catalysts and catalytic kinetic process on accelerating Li+ de‐solvation, Li0 stripping/dissolution, Li0 nucleation/deposition of lithium anode, polysulfide conversion, and LixS deposition of sulfur cathode are summarized, and the outlook of high‐performance single‐atom, multiple atoms modified 2D catalysts in lithium, sodium, and zinc‐based batteries is putting forward.
Synergetic Hybridization Strategy to Enhance the Dynamicity of Poorly Dynamic CO2‐derived Vitrimers achieved by a Simple Copolymerization Approach
Authors: Seychal Guillem , Ximenis Marta , Lemaur Vincent , Grignard Bruno , Lazzaroni Roberto , Detrembleur Christophe , Sardon Haritz , Aranburu Nora , Raquez Jean‐Marie
Published: October 2024

Copolymerization allows tuning polymer's properties and a synergetic effect may be achieved for the resulting hybrid, i.e., outperforming the properties of its parents as often observed in natural materials. This synergetic concept is herein applied to enhance both dynamicity and properties of vitrimeric materials using poorly dynamic hydroxyurethane and non‐dynamic epoxy thermosets. The latter generates activated hydroxyl, promoting exchange reactions 15 times faster than pure polyhydroxyurethanes. This strategy allows obtaining catalyst‐free high‐performance vitrimers from conventional epoxy‐amine formulations and an easily scalable (bio‐)CO2‐based yet poorly efficient dynamic network. The resulting hybrid network exhibits modulus retention superior to 95% with fast relaxation (<10 min). The hydroxyurethane moieties actively participate in the network to enhance the properties of the hybrid. The material can be manufactured as any conventional epoxy formulation. This new strategy to design dynamic networks opens the door to large‐scale circular high‐performance structural carbon fiber composites (CFRP). The CFRP can be easily reshaped and welded from flat plates to complex geometries. The network is degradable under mild conditions, facilitating the recovery and re‐use of high‐added‐value fibers. This accessible and cost‐effective approach provides a versatile range of tunable dynamic epoxides, applicable across various industries with minimal adjustments to existing marketed products.
Selenium‐Rich Sb2(S,Se)3 Thin Films Deposited via Sequential Chemical Bath Deposition for High‐Efficiency Solar Cells
Authors: Dai Guohao , Wang Xiaomin , Chen Shihang , Chen Xueling , Che Bo , Chen Tao , Hu Pu , Li Jianmin
Published: October 2024

Recently, solution‐processed antimony sulfoselenide (Sb2(S,Se)3) thin films and solar cells have gained popularity and achieved impressive results. One of the most effective improvements is the chemical bath deposition (CBD) approach, which is gentle, highly adjustable, and scalable. However, development in alloyed Sb2(S,Se)3 using this process has been modest, with a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of roughly 8%. In this work, a sequential CBD deposition strategy is designed, introducing sulfur (S) or selenium (Se) sources at different stages of the CBD process to achieve high‐quality Sb2(S,Se)3 thin films and devices. Impressively, adding a moderate amount of sodium thiosulfate and thioacetamide as mixed sulfur sources during the CBD deposition of Sb2Se3 can produce Se‐rich Sb2(S,Se)3 films with high crystallinity, suitable bandgaps, low defect density, and favorable energy level alignment. With a short‐circuit current density (JSC) of 26.80 mA cm−2 and a fill factor (FF) of 65.89%, the solar cells with the FTO/CdS/Sb2(S,Se)3/Spiro‐OMeTAD/Au structure obtained an impressive PCE of 9.29%, the highest to date for Sb2(S,Se)3 solar cells manufactured with the CBD process. This study provides a feasible approach for enhancing the performance of CBD‐produced Sb2(S,Se)3 solar cells and offers new insights and techniques for the synthesis of other complex multicomponent thin films.
Innovative Materials for Lamination Encapsulation in Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Mu Lei , Wang Shubin , Liu Huicong , Li Weiping , Zhu Liqun , Wang Hailiang , Chen Haining
Published: October 2024

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs), as the forefront of third‐generation solar technology, are distinguished by their cost‐effectiveness, high photovoltaic efficiency, and the flexibility of their bandgap tunability, positioning them as formidable contenders in the photovoltaic market. However, the stability of PSCs remains a significant barrier to their widespread commercialization. Lamination encapsulation is identified as a pivotal intervention to enhance the durability of PSCs under external environmental stress. This review initiates with an in‐depth exploration of the degradation phenomena in PSCs, triggered by environmental stressors such as water, oxygen, light, and heat. This analysis lays bare the degradation mechanisms, thereby highlighting the specific demands for effective encapsulation materials. Subsequently, the review presents a systematic discourse on the latest developments in encapsulation materials, dissecting their molecular structures and linking these to their physical properties and performance in encapsulation applications. The narrative concludes by charting potential future research pathways intended to refine and enhance the encapsulation performance of PSCs, offering several routes for overcoming current limitations and propelling PSCs toward their full commercial potential.
Recent Progress on 3D Printing of Lightweight Metal Thin‐Walled Structures
Authors: Vivegananthan Priyanka , Gao Shubo , Ji Weiming , Fan Haiyang , Han Changjun , Zhou Kun
Published: October 2024

Metal thin‐walled structures are ubiquitous in various industrial applications and fabricating them through additive manufacturing (AM) enables intricate thin‐wall geometries with no assembly required. However, additively manufactured metal thin walls suffer from increased heat accumulation and reduced structural stability, making it difficult to print geometrically accurate thin walls with minimal distortion and defects. Thin‐walled structures also experience different thermal histories and solidification conditions compared to bulk structures, leading to drastic differences in the microstructure and mechanical properties. In this review article, the AM processing of metal thin‐walled structures will be introduced. An in‐depth discussion on the design strategies of additively manufactured metal thin walls will be presented regarding the restrictions imposed by the AM technology, the integration of thin walls in lightweight structures, and novel design ideation through topology optimization. The effects that the thin wall design has on the geometrical accuracy, microstructure, and mechanical properties will then be elucidated. The utilization of AM for fabricating metal thin walls across various industries will also be summarized. Finally, this review article will close on some perspectives and future work on the AM of metal thin‐walled structures.
Spatially‐Resolved Organoid Transfection by Porous Silicon‐Mediated Optoporation
Authors: Spiteri Chantelle , Caprettini Valeria , Wang Yikai , Dominguez‐Gil Sofia , Kaasalainen Martti , Wang Cong , Martella Davide Alessandro , McLennan Samuel , Vashisth Priya , Gary‐Bobo Magali , Nguyen Christophe , Bergholt Mads , Durand Jean‐Olivier , Cunin Frédérique , Chiappini Ciro
Published: October 2024

Engineering the spatial organisation of organotypic cultures is pivotal for refining tissue models that are useful for gaining deeper insights into complex, non‐cell autonomous processes. These advanced models are key to improving the understanding of fundamental biological mechanisms and therapeutic strategies. Controlling gene regulation through spatially‐resolved delivery of nucleic acids provides an attractive approach to produce such tissue models. An emerging strategy for spatially‐resolved transfection uses photosensitizing nanoparticles coupled with laser pulses to optoporate cells in culture and locally mediate gene delivery. However, localized optoporation in 3D systems remains challenging. Here we propose a solution to this longstanding hurdle, demonstrating that porous silicon nanoparticles are a safe and bioresorbable photosensitising nanomaterial capable of spatially‐resolved transfection of mRNA in MCF‐7 organoids by near‐infrared two‐photon optoporation. Functionalization with an azobenzene–lysine photo‐switchable moiety enhances the transfection efficiency of the nanoparticles up to 84% in a 2D cell system. Moreover, the nanoparticles enable spatially selective mRNA transfection to MCF‐7 spheroids, demonstrating targeted  gene delivery in complex 3D cellular environments. The approach for spatially‐resolved 3D optoporation offers a way forward for the design of tailored spheroids and organoids by spatially selective nucleic acids delivery.
Pushing Radiative Cooling Technology to Real Applications
Authors: Lin Chongjia , Li Keqiao , Li Meng , Dopphoopha Benjamin , Zheng Jiongzhi , Wang Jiazheng , Du Shanshan , Li Yang , Huang Baoling
Published: October 2024

Radiative cooling is achieved by controlling surface optical behavior toward solar and thermal radiation, offering promising solutions for mitigating global warming, promoting energy saving, and enhancing environmental protection. Despite significant efforts to develop optical surfaces in various forms, five primary challenges remain for practical applications: enhancing optical efficiency, maintaining appearance, managing overcooling, improving durability, and enabling scalable manufacturing. However, a comprehensive review bridging these gaps is currently lacking. This work begins by introducing the optical fundamentals of radiative cooling and its potential applications. It then explores the challenges and discusses advanced solutions through structural design, material selection, and fabrication processes. It aims to provide guidance for future research and industrial development of radiative cooling technology.
Electrode‐Dependent and Tunable Sub‐to‐Super‐Linear Responsivity in Mott Material‐Enabled Near‐Infrared Photodetectors for Advanced Near‐Sensor Image Processing
Authors: Li Bowen , Xie Pengshan , Chen Baojie , Meng You , Wang Weijun , Yang Mingwei , Gao Boxiang , Quan Quan , Yan Yan , Ding Mingqi , Li Danfeng , Chan Chi Hou , Ho Johnny C.
Published: October 2024

Brain‐like intelligence is ushering humanity into an era of the Internet of Perceptions (IoP), where the vast amounts of data generated by numerous sensing nodes pose significant challenges to transmission bandwidth and computing hardware. A recently proposed near‐sensor computing architecture offers an effective solution to reduce data processing delays and energy consumption. However, a pressing need remains for innovative hardware with multifunctional near‐sensor image processing capabilities. In this work, Mott material (vanadium dioxide)‐based photothermoelectric near‐infrared photodetectors are developed that exhibit electrode‐dependent and tunable super‐linear photoresponse (exponent α > 33) with ultralow modulation bias. These devices demonstrate an opto‐thermo‐electro‐coupled phase transition, resulting in a large photocurrent on/off ratio (>105), high responsivity (≈500 A W−1), and well detectivity (≈3.9 × 1012 Jones), all while maintaining rapid response speeds (τr = 2 µs and τd = 5 µs) under the bias of 1 V. This electrode‐dependent super‐linear response is found to arise from the electron doping effect determined by the polarity of the Seebeck coefficient. Furthermore, the work showcases intensity‐selective near‐sensor processing and night vision pattern reorganization, even with noisy inputs. This work paves the way for developing near‐sensor devices with potential applications in medical image preprocessing, flexible electronics, and intelligent edge sensing.
Construction of COF/COF Organic S‐Scheme Heterostructure for Enhanced Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Luan Bing‐Bing , Chu Xiaoyu , Wang Ya , Qiao Xiu , Jiang Yanxia , Zhang Feng‐Ming
Published: October 2024

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) as a new type of photocatalysts have shown unique advantages in visible‐light‐driven hydrogen evolution, while the reported overall water‐splitting systems are still very rare among various COF‐based photocatalysts. Herein, two COFs are integrated to construct a type of organic S‐scheme heterojunction for improved overall water splitting. In this system, TpBpy‐COF and COF‐316 serve as H2‐ and O2‐evolving components, respectively, which are combined through π–π interaction between conjugated aromatic rings. By introducing ultra‐small Pt nanoparticles (NPs) into the pores of the TpBpy‐COF nanosheets (NS), the resultant COF‐316/Pt@TpBpy‐COF NS heterostructure achieves extremely high H2 and O2 evolution rates of 220.4 and 110.2 µmol g−1 h−1, respectively, under visible light irradiation (λ ≥ 420 nm). The results of transient absorption spectra (TAS) and photoelectronic measurements indicate that the organic heterojunction interface notably facilitates the separation and transfer of photogenerated electron‐hole pairs. Further, theoretical calculations and in situ experiments confirm the spontaneous formation of the COF/COF heterojunction interface and the active sites for overall water splitting.
Boosting the Quantum Efficiency of Ionic Carbon Nitrides in Photocatalytic H2O2 Evolution via Controllable n → π* Electronic Transition Activation
Authors: Tong Haijian , Odutola Jokotadeola , Song Junsheng , Peng Lu , Tkachenko Nikolai , Antonietti Markus , Pelicano Christian Mark
Published: October 2024

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a crucial chemical used in numerous industrial applications, yet its manufacturing relies on the energy‐demanding anthraquinone process. Solar‐driven synthesis of H2O2 is gaining traction as a promising research area, providing a sustainable method for its production. Herein, a controllable activation of n → π* electronic transition is presented to boost the photocatalytic H2O2 evolution in ionic carbon nitrides. This enhancement is achieved through the simultaneous introduction of structural distortions and defect sites (─C ≡ N groups and N vacancies) into the KPHI framework. The optimal catalyst (2%Ox‐KPHI) reached an apparent quantum yield of 41% at 410 nm without the need for any cocatalysts, outperforming most previously reported carbon nitride‐based photocatalysts. Extensive experimental characterizations and theoretical calculations confirm that a corrugated configuration and the presence of defects significantly broaden the light absorption profile, improve carrier separation and migration, promote O2 adsorption, and lower the energy barriers for H2O2 desorption. Transient absorption spectroscopy indicates that the enhanced photocatalytic performance of 2%Ox‐KPHI is largely attributed to the preferential migration of electrons at defect sites over extended timescales, following the diffusion of geminate carriers across the PHI sheets.
Surface‐Buckling‐Enhanced 3D Metal/Semiconductor SERS‐Active Device for Detecting Organic Chemicals
Authors: Tseng Pei‐Chieh , Bai Jing‐Ling , Hong Cheng‐Fang , Lin Chia‐Feng , Hsueh Han‐Yu
Published: October 2024

A novel 3D metal/semiconductor nanostructured surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)‐active substrate is constructed through Ag nanoparticles decoration of flower‐like ZnO nanorods (fZnOs) on a buckled substrate. A thermal treatment is applied to induce substrate buckling and is followed by ZnO hydrothermal synthesis and Ag reduction, resulting in the production of a buckled Ag/fZnOs SERS‐active device. In addition to providing a high areal density of hotspots, surface buckling enhanced the hydrophilicity of the Ag/fZnO composite surface, which aided the adsorption of probe molecules. Buckling also facilitated the formation of eddies in the depressions on the surface, promoting the capture and accumulation of chemicals. Compared with flat Ag/fZnOs, the buckle‐enhanced SERS effects can increase their enhancement factor by over 103 times. The buckled Ag/fZnOs SERS‐active device is recyclable, stable, and inexpensive and is found to be highly sensitive for the detection of Rhodamine 6G and commercial pesticides, achieving a low detection limit of 10−9 m and a high enhancement factor of 2.43 × 108.
Thianthrenium Salts to Arynes: Base Promoted C−N Bond Construction
Authors: Lyu Jinghui , Zhang Xianghao , Luo Zijin , Jiang Yang , Xing Kexue , Zhang Guofu , Ding Chengrong
Published: October 2024

Amines are widely found in natural products, drugs and pesticides. We have proposed a base‐promoted method for synthesizing polysubstituted aromatic amines. The reaction does not necessitate the involvement of transition metals, provided that an equivalent base is employed. In this process, aryl thianthrenium salt serves as the precursor to arynes, which are subsequently distorted by the induction effect of different substituents. The attack of amine nucleophiles results in the formation of a series of multi‐substituted aromatic amine products.
Acoustography by Beam Engineering and Acoustic Control Node: BEACON
Authors: Yu Wenjun , Zhu Haodong , Upreti Neil , Lu Brandon , Xu Xianchen , Lee Luke P , Huang Tony Jun
Published: October 2024

Acoustic manipulation has emerged as a valuable tool for precision controls and dynamic programming of cells and particles. However, conventional acoustic manipulation approaches lack the finesse necessary to form intricate, configurable, continuous, and 3D patterning of particles. Here, this study reports acoustography by Beam Engineering and Acoustic Control Node (BEACON), which delivers intricate, configurable patterns by guiding particles along custom paths with independent phase modulation. Leveraging analytical methods of orbital angular momentum beam via iterative Wirtinger hologram algorithm, this study accomplish acoustography by facilitating orbital angular momentum traps, enabling continuous 2D and 3D acoustic manipulation of microparticles in any desired geometry, with phase modulation independent of intensity. Utilizing on‐chip acoustography, the BEACON platform markedly increases the space‐bandwidth product to 31 000 while attaining an enhanced resolution with a pixel size of ≈25 µm, surpassing the typical resolution of over 200 µm in previous holographic particle manipulation methods. The capabilities of BEACON are demonstrated in creating intricate triple helical tracing structures using microdroplets (20 µm in diameter) and those carrying DNA to validate the effectiveness of the acoustography and phase control methods. This study offers new particle manipulation opportunities, paving the way for next‐generation biomedical systems and the future of contact‐free precision manufacturing.
Quantum Dots‐caused Retinal Degeneration in Zebrafish Regulated by Ferroptosis and Mitophagy in Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells through Inhibiting Spliceosome
Authors: Zheng Naying , Liao Tingting , Zhang Chuchu , Zhang Zheyang , Yan Sen , Xi Xiaohan , Ruan Fengkai , Yang Chunyan , Zhao Qingliang , Deng Wenbo , Huang Jialiang , Huang Zi‐Tao , Chen Zhi‐Feng , Wang Xiang , Qu Qingming , Zuo Zhenghong , He Chengyong
Published: October 2024

Quantum dots (QDs) are widely used, but their health impact on the visual system is little known. This study aims to elucidate the effects and mechanisms of typical metallic QDs on retinas using zebrafish. Comprehensive histology, imaging, and bulk RNA sequencing reveal that InP/ZnS QDs cause retinal degeneration. Furthermore, single‐cell RNA‐seq reveals a reduction in the number of retinal pigment epithelial cells (RPE) and short‐wave cone UV photoreceptor cells (PR(UV)), accompanied by an increase in middle‐ and long‐wave cone red, green, and blue photoreceptor cells [PR(RGB)]. Mechanistically, after endocytosis by RPE, InP/ZnS QDs inhibit the expression of splicing factor prpf8, resulting in gpx4b mRNA unsplicing, which finally decrease glutathione and induce ferroptosis and mitophagy. The decrease of RPE fails to engulf the damaged outer segments of PR, possibly promoting the differentiation of PR(UV) to PR(RGB). Knockout prpf8 or gpx4b with CRISPR/Cas9 system, the retinal damage is also observed. Whereas, overexpression of prpf8 or gpx4b, or supplement of glutathione can rescue the retinal degenerative damage caused by InP/ZnS QDs. In conclusion, this study illustrates the potential health risks of InP/ZnS QDs on eye development and provides valuable insights into the underlying mechanisms of InP/ZnS QDs‐caused retinal degeneration.