bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Niepewność w grach – potencjalne korzyści i straty
Authors: Skok Katarzyna
Published: February 2021

The aim of the article is to indicate different types of uncertainty in games and to present them in the light of neurophysiological research and selected theories of motivation. The paper analyses pure, systemgenerated randomness (gambling and accidental luck), game complexity, and elements that relate on a tactical or strategic level to the human factor. In particular, the application of rules enabling games based on the power of the mind is discussed. The article concludes with the presentation of benefits and disadvantages following the potential implementation of elements inducing uncertainty.
Codified gestures i scenic learning – dwie techniki oparte na gestach i ruchu scenicznym wspomagające naukę języka angielskiego uczniów szkół podstawowych
Authors: Michalak Monika
Published: February 2021

Gesty pełnią istotną rolę w generowaniu nowych pomysłów i pomagają rozwiązywać problemy w sposób kreatywny. Wyniki najnowszych badań wskazują na wiele korzyści płynących ze stosowania tzw. gestów kodowanych na lekcjach języka obcego z początkującymi uczniami. Ponadto wdrożenie elementów ruchu scenicznego ma pozytywny wpływ na zapamiętywanie przez uczniów nowego słownictwa, motywuje ich do nauki, zachęca do wyrażania emocji i otwiera na nowe doświadczenia. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest ukazanie znaczenia i roli tych dwóch technik w nauczaniu języka angielskiego na przykładzie badania przeprowadzonego wśród kilkudziesięciu uczniów jednej z wielkopolskich szkół podstawowych.
Forjando las mentes de una nueva agronomía: Eduardo Limón y la Facultad de Agrobiología de la Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, 1956-1967
Authors: Gutiérrez Núñez Netzahualcóyotl Luis
Published: February 2021

El ingeniero agrónomo Eduardo Limón García es un actor recurrente de la historiografía de la Revolución verde por su labor como creador de variedades mejoradas de maíz en las décadas de 1940 y 1950. El artículo aporta un análisis de una parte desconocida de la trayectoria profesional de Limón García como profesor fundador, director e investigador de la Facultad de Agrobiología de la Universidad Michoacana. El análisis expone los vínculos políticos y técnicos que llevaron a Limón a participar en el proyecto de instaurar una institución de educación superior agronómica en la Universidad Michoacana, además de su labor en la creación de los planes de estudio, su agenda científica, así como las causas de su intempestiva salida a fines de los años sesenta.
Beyond exotic goods: Wari elites and regional interaction in the Andes during the Middle Horizon (AD 600–1000)
Authors: Rosenfeld Silvana A. , Jordan Brennan T. , Street Megan E.
Published: February 2021

A common feature of successful ancient states was the role of elites in maintaining and regulating socioeconomic structures and, in particular, emphasising their own social difference. The Wari (AD 600–1000) are considered the earliest expansive state in South America, and excavations have demonstrated the rich variety of exotic goods imported from across the region into the polity's heartland. Here, the authors argue that the importation of raw materials, plants, animals and people from distant regions was crucial for defining and sustaining Wari social differentiation and ideology. They emphasise the importance of studying material provenance and their archaeological contexts in order to understand the role of exotic goods in legitimising ruling groups in ancient states.
Early Developmental EEG and Seizure Phenotypes in a Full Gene Deletion of Ubiquitin Protein Ligase E3A Rat Model of Angelman Syndrome
Authors: Born Heather A. , Martinez Luis A. , Levine Amber T. , Harris Sarah E. , Mehra Shubhangi , Lee Wai Ling , Dindot Scott V. , Nash Kevin R. , Silverman Jill L. , Segal David J. , Weeber Edwin J. , Anderson Anne E.
Published: February 2021

Angelman syndrome (AS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with unique behavioral phenotypes, seizures, and distinctive electroencephalographic (EEG) patterns. Recent studies identified motor, social communication, and learning and memory deficits in a CRISPR engineered rat model with a complete maternal deletion of theUbe3agene. It is unknown whether this model recapitulates other aspects of the clinical disorder. We report here the effect ofUbe3amaternal deletion in the rat on epileptiform activity, seizure threshold, and quantitative EEG. Using video-synchronized EEG (vEEG) monitoring, we assessed spectral power and epileptiform activity early postnatally through adulthood. While EEG power was similar to wild-type (WT) at 1.5 weeks postnatally, at all other ages analyzed, our findings were similar to the AS phenotype in mice and humans with significantly increased δ power. Analysis of epileptiform activity in juvenile and adult rats showed increased time spent in epileptiform activity in AS compared with WT rats. We evaluated seizure threshold using pentylenetetrazol (PTZ), audiogenic stimulus, and hyperthermia to provoke febrile seizures (FSs). Behavioral seizure scoring following PTZ induction revealed no difference in seizure threshold in AS rats, however behavioral recovery from the PTZ-induced seizure was longer in the adult group with significantly increased hippocampal epileptiform activity during this phase. When exposed to hyperthermia, AS rat pups showed a significantly lower temperature threshold to first seizure than WT. Our findings highlight an age-dependence for the EEG and epileptiform phenotypes in a preclinical model of AS, and support the use of quantitative EEG and increased δ power as a potential biomarker of AS.
Использование языковой игры для развития межкультурной компетенции у студентов-поляков
Authors:   Uniwersytet w Białymstoku, Anchimiuk Olga , Michaluk Maryna ,   Uniwersytet w Białymstoku
Published: February 2021

Mutual contacts between representatives of different cultures often lead to communication difficulties. The article attempts to verify language games which in the process of intercultural communication reflect the uniqueness of the national language and culture. The authors, on the basis of the cultural linguistic approach, offer various forms and ways of didactic work using jokes, puzzles, anecdotes and aphorisms. Teaching to understand the meaning of language games, which occupy an important place in everyday language contacts, using them in learning and teaching a foreign language, helps learners develop intercultural competence. Mastering them allows the avoidance of difficulties in relations with representatives of other languages and cultures.
Błędy leksykalne Ukraińców uczących się języka polskiego w Polsce
Authors:   Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II, Czapla Anna
Published: February 2021

The aim of the article is to present typical, i.e. recurring, lexical errors made by Ukrainians learning Polish in Poland, the classification of those errors, and an attempt to explain the reasons for their formation. The described respondents are candidates for studies at KUL, post-secondary youth aged 16-19, who have completed various Polish language courses in their country. As for their knowledge of the Polish language, it is at the B1-B2 level. The material basis of the article comprises written texts on a given topic, which were part of homework created during courses in 2010-2019. During the analysis of the collected material, mainly mistakes resulting from linguistic interference (false friends, lexical calques, borrowings, word formation errors, mistakes related to hyper-correctness) were observed, which constitute 80% of the collected material, and the ones not resulting from interference (caused by sound similarity, semantic proximity), which account for the remainder, i.e. 20%.
Leksyka (nie)specjalistyczna na zajęciach z rosyjsko-polskiego i polsko-rosyjskiego tłumaczenia tekstów z zakresu ekonomii
Authors:   Uniwersytet Warszawski, Głogowska Anna
Published: February 2021

The aim of the paper is to prove the importance of introducing specialised and non-specialised (general language-related) vocabulary during classes on specialised Russian-Polish and Polish-Russian translation. This assumption is illustrated with a number of examples of labour market-related vocabulary that may be challenging as regards semantics, grammar and the use of general language. The proper presentation of vocabulary in a given branch makes it possible not only to broaden students’ terminological knowledge, but also to raise their awareness of potential translational problems.
О словообразовательной гибридизации в эпоху «глобанглизации» (на материале русского и польского языков)
Authors:   Uniwersytet Przyrodniczo-Humanistyczny w Siedlcach, Koriakowcewa Elena
Published: February 2021

Comprehensive analysis of collected hybrid derivatives shows that globalization and Anglo-American “linguistic hegemony” have increased the production of English origin international morphemes (-инг / -ing, -гейт / -gate) and so-called “Euro-Latin” affixes (-завр / -zaur, -(о)номика / -(o)nomika), penetrating into the Russian and Polish word-formation systems through the mass media. In both languages the following processes are noticeable: 1) resemantization and activation of international affixes; 2) development of new hybrid derivative models; 3) creating with the help of morphemes abstracted from composites new formally and semantically condensed nouns, which allows us to notice an agglutination tendency.
Z rozważań nad symboliką nieba w idiostylu Siergieja Jesienina (aspekt lingwistyczny)
Authors:   Uniwersytet Rzeszowski, Kur-Kononowicz Jolanta
Published: February 2021

The goal of the article is an analysis of the symbolism of heaven in the idiostyle of Sergei Yesenin. The semantic-cultural method of description of the research material which constitutes the chosen fragments of Yesenin’s poems was used. Heaven is understood as a sub-field in the semantic meaning field nature. Attention was paid to the issue of symbolic archetypes, and their metaphorics conditioning a multiplicity of interpretations. Stylistic language means serving the imaging with the use of individual symbols of heaven in the idiostyle of Yesenin are described. Symbols expressed metaphorically, metonymically, with the usage of comparisons, etc. are distinguished. Heaven in the idiostyle of Yesenin symbolises: perception of the world (e.g. God’s care and love for human beings, immortality, happy life, salvation, joy of existence, prayers fervent and heard), things (e.g. a roof over the head, net, shawl, blue sand, milk of birches), phenomena and elements of nature (rain, fire), places (paradise, kingdom of heaven, tower-room), figures (Mother of God), physical phenomena (multiplicity, uncountability), birds (pigeons). Christian, religious archetypes of symbols prevail. The article introduces the proposition of the interpretation of poetic texts with the use of semantic field and sub-field analysis, including their symbolism.
Uwarunkowania efektywności dydaktycznej tłumaczenia selektywno-streszczającego
Authors:   Uniwersytet Śląski w Katowicach, Michałowski Piotr J.
Published: February 2021

The aim of the article is to present reflections on an innovative translation exercise based on television programmes that are available on the Internet. Gist translation of TV programmes not only develops students’ translation competence, but also helps to improve their language skills. On the basis of surveys conducted among students, the author also discusses the assessment of the difficulty of this exercise and the factors that affect its didactic efficiency. The analysis of the survey results showed that the extracted factors correlate with each other, and their complex consideration will significantly improve the effectiveness of this exercise. The author also shares his experience of the use of the exercise in teaching translation at the University of Warsaw and the University of Silesia in Katowice.
Obserwacja uczestnicząca na lekcjach językowych – korzyści i ograniczenia
Authors:   Uniwersytet w Białymstoku, Szuchalska Anna
Published: February 2021

Observation is a research method involving noting, collecting and interpreting data. The aim of the article is to present the benefits and limitations of using these methods in language lessons. In the introduction the author characterizes observation as a research method and briefly describes its main types. Next, the conditions of effective observation, i.e. purposefulness, schedule, selectivity, precision and impartiality, are presented. The main body of the article is devoted to participant (both public and disguised) observation in foreign (English) language lessons. Two studies making use of this research method are also described. In the summary, the advantages and disadvantages of this research method are listed.
Maciej Malinowski, Polszczyzna. O większą poprawność językową tekstów prawniczych i nie tylko, Kraków: Wydawnictwo Drukarnia-Ekodruk s.c., 2018, 312 stron, ISBN: 978-83-948679-8-0
Authors:   Uniwersytet Pedagogiczny im. Komisji Edukacji Narodowej w Krakowie, Podlaska Beata
Published: February 2021

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Estancia académica - ‪Alberto Castillo Castañeda‬ - Cali, Colombia - 2015
Authors: Alberto Castillo Castañeda‬
Published: February 2021

Informe de movilidad académica. Presencia en el congreso de la REDINTERCOL, Universidad ICESI. Cali, Colombia.
2D Positional Embedding-based Transformer for Scene Text Recognition
Authors: Raisi Zobeir , Naiel Mohamed A. , Fieguth Paul , Wardell Steven , Zelek John
Published: February 2021

Recent state-of-the-art scene text recognition methods are primarily based on Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs), however, these methods require one-dimensional (1D) features and are not designed for recognizing irregular-text instances due to the loss of spatial information present in the original two-dimensional (2D) images.  In this paper, we leverage a Transformer-based architecture for recognizing both regular and irregular text-in-the-wild images. The proposed method takes advantage of using a 2D positional encoder with the Transformer architecture to better preserve the spatial information of 2D image features than previous methods. The experiments on popular benchmarks, including the challenging COCO-Text dataset, demonstrate that the proposed scene text recognition method outperformed the state-of-the-art in most cases, especially on irregular-text recognition.
Acceleration of Large Margin Metric Learning for Nearest Neighbor Classification Using Triplet Mining and Stratified Sampling
Authors: Poorheravi Parisa Abdolrahim , Ghojogh Benyamin , Gaudet Vincent , Karray Fakhri , Crowley Mark
Published: February 2021

Metric learning is a technique in manifold learning to find a projection subspace for increasing and decreasing the inter- and intra-class variances, respectively. Some metric learning methods are based on triplet learning with anchor-positive-negative triplets. Large margin metric learning for nearest neighbor classification is one of the fundamental methods to do this. Recently, Siamese networks have been introduced with the triplet loss. Many triplet mining methods have been developed for Siamese nets; however, these techniques have not been applied on the triplets of large margin metric learning. In this work, inspired by the mining methods for Siamese nets, we propose several triplet mining techniques for large margin metric learning. Moreover, a hierarchical approach is proposed, for acceleration and scalability of optimization, where triplets are selected by stratified sampling in hierarchical hyper-spheres. We analyze the proposed methods on three publicly available datasets.
Why Can’t Neural Networks Forecast Pandemics Better
Authors: Zelek Joshua D. , Zelek John S. , Wong Alexander
Published: February 2021

Why can’t neural networks (NN) forecast better? In the major super-forecasting competitions, NN have typically under-performed when compared to traditional statistical methods. When they have performed well, the underlying methods have been ensembles of NN and statistical methods. Forecasting stock markets, medical, infrastructure dynamics, social activity or pandemics each have their own challenges. In this study, we evaluate the strengths of a collection of methods for forecasting pandemics such as Covid-19 using NN, statistical methods as well as parameterized mechanistic models. Forecasts of epidemics can inform public health response and decision making, so accurate forecasting is crucial for general public notification, timing and spatial targeting of intervention. We show that NN typically under-perform in forecasting Covid-19 active cases which can be attributed to the lack of training data which is common for forecasts. Our test data consists of the top ten countries for active Covid-19 cases early in the pandemic and is represented as a Time Series (TS). We found that Statistical methods outperform NN for most cases. Albeit, NN are still good pattern finders and we suggest that there are perhaps more productive ways other than purely

data driven models of using NN to help produce better forecasts.
Time-Series Causality with Missing Data
Authors: Chang Bo Yuan , Naiel Mohamed A. , Wardell Steven , Kleinikkink Stan , Zelek John S.
Published: February 2021

Over the past years, researchers have proposed various methods to discover causal relationships among time-series data as well as algorithms to fill in missing entries in time-series data. Little to no work has been done in combining the two strategies for the purpose of learning causal relationships using unevenly sampled multivariate time-series data. In this paper, we examine how the causal parameters learnt from unevenly sampled data (with missing entries) deviates from the parameters learnt using the evenly sampled data (without missing entries). However, to obtain the causal relationship from a given time-series requires evenly sampled data, which suggests filling the missing data values before obtaining the causal parameters. Therefore, the proposed method is based on applying a Gaussian Process Regression (GPR) model for missing data recovery, followed by several pairwise Granger causality equations in Vector Autoregssive form to fit the recovered data and obtain the causal parameters. Experimental results show that the causal parameters generated by using GPR data filling offers much lower RMSE than the dummy model (fill with last seen entry) under all missing values percentage, suggesting that GPR data filling can better preserve the causal relationships when compared with dummy data filling, thus should be considered when dealing with unevenly sampled time-series causality learning.
PlasticNet: Deep Learning for Automatic Microplastic Recognition via FT-IR Spectroscopy
Authors: Zhu Ziang , Parker Wayne , Wong Alexander
Published: February 2021

The recognition of microplastics (MPs) in environmental samples via FT-IR is challenging due to a plethora of factors can lead to significant variances in measured spectra. Conventional library search approaches compare the observed spectrum with spectra in reference libraries, which will lead to errors due the variance in spectra. Motivated to tackle this challenge, this study explores the feasibility of leveraging deep learning for automatic MP recognition via FT-IR spectroscopy. More specifically, a deep convolution neural network (CNN) architecture, referred to here as PlasticNet, is introduced for the purpose of automatic MP recognition. PlasticNet was trained on a large corpus of FT-IR spectra of different plastic types in order to learn discriminative spectral features characterizing each plastic type. Experimental results showed that PlasticNet was capable of recognizing between MPs in an effective way and at a faster speed compared with libary search.
Pengaruh Pengembangan Sumber Daya Manusia Dan Religiusitas Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Dengan Kepuasan Kerja Sebagai Variabel Intervening Pada Bank Unit Usaha Syariah Di Kota Palembang
Authors: Lestari Menik , Akbar Dinnul Alfian , Maulana Chandra Zaky
Published: February 2021

This research uses quantitative research, the aim is to determine the influence of human resource development, religiosity, on employee performance with job satisfaction as an intervening variable. In this study, data was collected by distributing questionnaires to 100 employees using a purposive sampling method to determine respondents' responses to existing variables. The analysis was performed using the method of Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) based on partial least square (PLS). The results of the analysis show that human resource development has no effect on employee performance, religiosity has a positive and significant effect on employee performance. Human resource development has a positive and significant effect on job satisfaction, religiosity has a positive and significant effect on job satisfaction, and job satisfaction variables have a positive and significant effect in moderating human resource development on employee performance and religiosity on employee performance. This means that the more often human resource development is given, the higher the employee's performance and the higher the employee's religiosity, the higher the employee's performance will be and will result in job satisfaction for employees at the Sharia Business Unit Bank in Palembang City.  Keywords: Human Resources Development, Religiosity, Employee Performance, and Job Satisfaction.  AbstrakPenelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian kuantitatif, tujuannya yaitu untuk mengetahui besarnya pengaruh pengembangan sumber daya manusia, religiusitas, terhadap kinerja karyawan  dengan kepuasan kerja sebagai variabel intervening. Dalam penelitian ini data dikumpulkan dengan meyebarkan kuesioner terhadap 100 karyawan menggunakan metode purposive sampling untuk mengetahui tanggapan responden terhadap variabel yang ada. Analisis dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) berbasis partial least square (PLS). Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa pengembangan sumber daya manusia tidak terdapat pengaruh terhadap kinerja karyawan, religiusitas berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan. Pengembangan sumber daya manusia berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kepuasan kerja, religiusitas berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kepuasan kerja, Dan variabel kepuasan kerja berpengaruh positif dan signifikan dalam memoderasi antara pengembangan sumber daya manusia terhadap kinerja karyawan dan religiusitas terhadap kinerja karyawan. Ini berarti semakin sering pengembangan sumber daya manusia diberikan maka semakin tinggi kinerja karyawan dan semakin tinggi religiusitas karyawan maka kinerja karyawan akan semakin tinggi dan akan menghasilkan kepuasan kerja bagi karyawan pada Bank Unit Usaha Syariah di Kota Palembang.  Kata Kunci: Pengembangan Sumber Daya Manusia, Religiusitas, Kinerja Karyawan, dan Kepuasan Kerja.
3D trajectories and diffusion of single ceria particles near a glass surface and their removal
Authors: Seo Jihoon , Gowda Akshay , Khajornrungruang Panart , Hamada Satomi , Babu S.V.
Published: February 2021

We extend our recent 2D trajectory (x–y plane) and diffusion coefficient data of ceria particles near a glass surface obtained at pH 3, 5, and 7 using evanescent wave microscopy and video imaging to 3D trajectories by analyzing the separation distance between the particles and the glass surface in the vertical z‐direction. Mean squared displacement (MSD3D) of ceria particles was calculated to quantify 3D trajectories. Three‐dimensional diffusion coefficients were obtained from the MSD3D curves and were compared with two‐dimensional diffusion coefficients. By analyzing the MSD curves, we found that ceria particles exhibited only confined motion at pH 3 and 5, while both confined and Brownian motion were showed at pH 7. We also evaluated the cleaning ability of DI water adjusted to pH 10 and 12 to remove ceria particles from glass surfaces and related the results to the calculated trajectory, diffusion coefficient, and interaction potential data.
Applying isotope analyses of cremated human bones in archaeological research – a review
Authors:   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warszawa, Polska, Wolska Bogumiła
Published: February 2021

Numerous experiments have recently been conducted on burnt bones in order to develop methods of isotope analysis which would be useful in archaeological research. Since the results of these studies are not yet widely known, this review presents their potential applications in investigations of human remains from cremation burials. Radiocarbon dating of burnt osteological materials is discussed, including problems related to the “old wood effect”. Also considered is the analysis of light stable isotopes, i.e. δ13C, δ15N and δ18O, which is unsuitable for palaeodietary determinations, but useful as a source of information about certain parameters of funeral pyres. Tracing geographical origins and human mobility is possible by means of the analysis of strontium isotope ratio 87Sr/86Sr. Since an understanding of high-temperature-induced transformations of bone structure and chemical composition is important for these considerations, a detailed account of the processes is given as an introduction.
Graphite in an archaeological context comparing to other black substances – research problems and prospects
Authors:   Institute of Archaeology, Rzeszów University, Poland, Trąbska Joanna
Published: February 2021

In the archaeological context, substances with a black color have been extensively used in many ancient communities, in the form of items and layers, with the use of biogenic and mineral substances, and requiring a separate methodological approach. Each of them behaves differently in technological and postdepositional processes. The potential degree of the complexity of intentionally applied layers (e.g. paints or cosmetics) and the overlap of secondary substances and crusts, increases difficulties in obtaining unambiguous results and their interpretation. Graphite plays an important role among them. Several areas of the current use of graphite are, or at least could be, commonly shared in the present and in the past, and thus their analysis could be inspiring for archaeology and archaeometry. Graphite fingerprint and potential fingerprints are discussed in terms of their variability. The problem of graphitization as a potential source of misleading interpretation is discussed.
The Castle Hill in Biecz and fortified stronghold in Kobylanka. The results of interdisciplinary research from 2019
Authors:   Institute of Archaeology, Rzeszów University, Poland, Kocańda Paweł , Pisz Michał ,   Chair for Hydrogeology and Geophysics, Faculty of Geology, University of Warsaw, Poland, Rajchel Bernadetta ,   Polytechnic Institute, Department of Environmental Engineering and Mining, Stanisław Pigoń State Higher Vocational School in Krosno, Poland, Filipowicz Michał
Published: February 2021

In 2019, new research was initiated at two archaeological sites located on the Ropa River, in Gorlice County, in the southeastern part of Małopolska Province. The first site was the Castle Hill in Biecz, and the second one was the fortified stronghold in Kobylanka. The research consisted of three stages. Firstly, extensive archival and library queries were conducted in order to gather basic information about both sites. Secondly, surface research was performed in order to collect any movable monuments. During the third stage, a reconnaissance by means of GPR, electrical resistivity imaging and geo-magnetic survey was carried out. These provided plenty of new valuable information on the spatial layout of both sites. In the case of the Castle Hill, the analysis of the discovered anomalies allowed for the interpretation of some of the finds as remnants of the brick elements of the castle, e.g. the tower, which corresponds with the plan from 1877. The results of the analyses of the anomalies from the fortified stronghold in Kobylanka, with its ramparts made of stone and earth as well as inner circular housing, were far more ambiguous. Its chronology may date back to the early Middle Ages.
The stronghold on Kirkut Hill in Lublin. The state of recognition of the remains of the former stronghold and its role in the medieval Lublin agglomeration
Authors:   Institute of Archaeology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Poland, Niedźwiadek Rafał , Rozwałka Andrzej ,   Andrzej Rozwałka Institute of Archaeology, Rzeszów University, Poland
Published: February 2021

The aim of the article is to present the state of the research conducted on the remains of a medieval stronghold on Grodzisko Hill, also known as Kirkut Hill (due to the Jewish cemetery from the late Middle Ages and early modern period located on its top), as well as to show the latest approach to dating the remains of the stronghold and its role in the medieval Lublin agglomeration. Archaeological research carried out on the hill and at its foot in the 1960s and 1970s was of limited range due to the existence of the Jewish cemetery. However, it can be considered that they provided an amount of data that enables the reconstruction of stratigraphy of the stronghold and recognition of the structure of its rampart running along the edge of the hill. After many discussions, both among historians and Lublin archaeologists, a certain consensus regarding the chronology and the function of the former stronghold on Grodzisko Hill has now been reached. It seems that it was in the 13th century that the stronghold was built and, then, before the century ended, it was destroyed. It coexisted with an older structure – probably built in the 12th century – namely the castellan stronghold on Zamkowe Hill. Recent research indicates that during the second half of 13th century, or at the turn of the 13th and 14th centuries, a new line of ramparts was built on Staromiejskie Hill. This is how three parts of the Lublin agglomeration were distinguished. Perhaps, in this structure, the stronghold on Kirkut Hill could have functioned as a guard post for a part of the long-distance route located in the area of today’s Kalinowszczyzna Street. The 13th century, and especially its second half, was the time of numerous Yotvingian, Lithuanian, Mongolian, Ruthenian and Tatar invasions.
A ortotanásia como uma via média diante das disputas públicas pela regulação da vida no âmbito do Direito, da Medicina e da Religião
Authors: Da Silva Vardilei Ribeiro , De Souza Sandra Duarte
Published: February 2021

O debate público acerca da morte e da vida tem mobilizado diferentes setores da sociedade. O presente artigo discorre sobre o tema da eutanásia como caminho para dar fim à existência. A partir de um olhar sob o prisma das diferentes agências no cenário público e tendo em vista a forte ingerência religiosa em nossa sociedade, em especial da Igreja Católica, verificamos importante resistência para a legalização da prática da eutanásia no Brasil. Diante de alguns impasses que se impõem a essa prática, a ortotanásia parece fazer convergirem os campos médico, jurídico e religioso, emergindo como uma possível via média no processo de abreviação do sofrimento de pacientes terminais.
Alteridade humana e contingência no Reino
Authors: Lovo Odirlei Arcangelo
Published: February 2021

A pessoa egolatria torna a contingência no reino em obstáculo à vida humana, recusa-se a administrar as necessidades, as possibilidades e os subsídios que se tem à disposição. O ególatra se torna, empecilho à graça de Deus, nega o reino de Deus acontece sob o agir/administrar humano. É preciso pontuar que não é o que se tem, mas quantos vivem bem com o que se tem, sem que para isso, outros tenham vivido, vivam, ou venham a viver mal. O agir humano na edificação de si mesmo, não impedir a vida do próximo. A proposta de narrar o ser humano administrador e cocriador da obra de Deus, tem por base os documentos da Doutrina social da Igreja e os documentos que elucidam a vida e vivência da família ‘moral familiar’. O agir, administrar, de cada pessoa deve refletir o amor de Deus, isso significa que o ser humano é, com Cristo, a criatura ungida à qual Deus confia sua obra, para que essa possa administrá-la e cocriá-la.
NHSR 153: Multiple Chronic Conditions Among Veterans and Nonveterans: United States, 2015–2018
Authors: Boersma Peter
Published: February 2021

This report describes the prevalence of multiple (two or more) chronic conditions (MCC) among veterans and nonveterans and examines whether differences by veteran status may be explained by differences in sociodemographic composition, smoking behavior, and weight status based on body mass index
АНАЛІЗ ЕНЕРГОЗБЕРІГАЮЧИХ ТЕХНОЛОГІЙ В РЕСТОРАННОМУ ГОСПОДАРСТВІ
Authors: Ряшко Галина Михайлівна , Крусір Галина Всеволодівна , Новічкова Тамара Петрівна
Published: February 2021

Для підприємств ресторанного господарства України суттєвою проблемою є висока енергоємність технологічних процесів та неефективне використання ресурсів. Метою роботи є проведення аналізу енергозберігаючих технологій в ресторанному господарстві на прикладі діючого підприємства харчування. В статті розглянуто сучасні технологічні та технічні напрямки створення високоефективних ресторанних технологій на підприємствах харчування. Основні напрямки стосуються підбору енергозберігаючого обладнання для виробничих цехів ресторану та правильного його експлуатування. Також наведено рекомендації щодо зниження витрат на кондиціювання повітря, забезпечення ефективної роботи холодильного обладнання, зниження витрати енергії на водоспоживання і освітлення ресторанів.Створення підприємства ресторанного господарства з використанням нових технологій виробництва кулінарної продукції та енергоефективного обладнання дає суттєві переваги: зменшується площа, яку займає обладнання, знижується споживання електроенергії, кількість виробничого персоналу, зменшуються втрати маси продукту, кулінарного жиру та води для миття обладнання.Було проведено енергетичний аудит для існуючого ресторану. Розподіл вартості основної сировини та допоміжних матеріалів популярних страв, розподіл споживання енергоносіїв на підприємстві було проаналізовано. Аналіз ефективності використання ресурсів для загальних потреб підприємства було проведено за наступними напрямками: системи охолодження; приготування їжі; освітлення; вентиляція; опалення; водовикористання; утворення відходів та поводження з ними. Згідно з отриманими даними було розроблено рекомендації щодо удосконалення кожного з напрямків.Всі наведені рекомендації дозволять підвищити енергетичну ефективність підприємства та підвищити конкурентоспроможність ресторану при незначних фінансових витратах.
Are the Russian Federation and Turkey efficient in wheat and mandarin trade?
Authors: Ceylan Figen , Burhan Ozkan , Astratova Galina , Akpinar Goksel , Kopchenov Alexei
Published: February 2021

The purpose of the study was intended to understand whether the Russian Federation and Turkey are efficient in wheat and mandarin trade in comparison with other significant exporters.
The neighbourhood is an important aspect for developing and maintaining trade contacts. Within this perspective, the Russian Federation has been the main purchaser of Turkish fruits and vegetables. On the other hand, one of the major export products of Russia sold to Turkey is wheat in addition to energy and industrial inputs. Well knowing the importance of these product groups to both countries, it was intended to evaluate these countries rivalry in export markets concerning for their competitive countries.
Authors used methods that allow to directly or indirectly assessing the degree of export competitiveness of the state: methods of comparative advantage analysis (RCA) and comparative export indicators (CEP). Wheat export of Russia and mandarin export of Turkey were compared with competitive exporters via calculation and interpretation of trade indices from 2000 to 2019.
The findings indicated that Russian exports are superior to their competitors when some years were set apart. The specific overriding country has been Kazakhstan for Russian wheat, even if the productive capacities cannot be compared. Besides, Turkey ranks second after Spain for mandarin exports due to the comparative advantages. However, assessment of the findings in details indicated that there is a need to develop supporting policy and tools for two cases to increase the profitability and efficiency of the export. This is due to lower per-unit export gains and should be intervened to improve and strengthen the countries’ trade positions.
Development of a green economy in the Russian Federation
Authors: Ivanovskaya Marina , Glukhova Zlata
Published: February 2021

The article examines the impact of scientific and technological progress, processes of globalization and internationalization on the state of the environment, the state and exploitation of natural resources to ensure the life of modern society. Improving the quality of life of the population, increasing consumption of food and industrial goods, expanding the “range” of services offered, “digitizing” many processes, resource intensity of production cycles, are one of the causes of climate change, increased waste, environmental disasters and imbalances in existing ecosystems. The changes taking place both in the world and in the national economy affected all its directions, including the science accompanying these processes, and gave an impetus to revise the foundations of the theoretical aspects corresponding to it. New types, methods, techniques and models of the economy have appeared, one of which is the green economy. The analysis of the definitions of the scientific term «green economy» carried out by the authors of the article, presented in various information sources, showed a wide variability of the proposed interpretations, depending on the point of view of the researcher and his affiliation with the corresponding scientific school. The authors note that the concept of green economy development has recently received special attention, considered as a new trajectory of harmonious (clean) development of society, which is perceived as an alternative model of the existing economy, interlinking further economic growth depending on the state of the environment. The growing interest and popularity of the green economy is explained by the need of society to revise the existing forms, models and types of both production and consumption, concern about environmental pollution, deforestation, expansion of agricultural land, reduction of water reserves and natural resources, drainage of water bodies, greenhouse effect, changes in biodiversity etc.
Efficiency of the system of ecological and economic regulation of the turnover of fecal waste of railway transport in the Russian Federation
Authors: Zozulya Pavel , Kiseleva Svetlana , Vishnyakov Yakov , Kanunnikov Oleg , Eroshchenko Sergey
Published: February 2021

The article is devoted to the analysis and development of recommendations for improving the efficiency of the system of environmental and economic regulation of the turnover of fecal waste of railway transport in the Russian Federation. The article deals with the ecological and economic aspects of the functioning of closed sanitary systems for collecting sewage from the toilets of passenger trains, stationary points for cleaning tanks-collections of environmentally friendly toilets, as well as their processing and disposal. It is shown that the system of environmentally friendly toilet complexes requires updating and improving the mechanisms of ecological and economic regulation of the turnover of fecal waste of railway transport. The procedure for assigning waste of hazard classes I–IV to a specific hazard class is considered. The requirements for determining limits on the placement of fecal waste of railway transport are analyzed. The procedure for calculating and charging fees for the negative impact on the environment when placing fecal waste from railway transport is given. Possible regional benefits for income tax from activities related to the collection, transportation, processing, disposal, neutralization, and disposal of hazard class IV waste, including fecal waste from railway transport, are indicated. The rules for the transit of fecal waste from railway transport are given. The rules for regulating relations between consumers and performers in the field of services for organizing the collection and removal of fecal waste in terms of consumer protection are outlined. Recommendations are given for improving the system of environmental and economic regulation of the turnover of fecal waste of railway transport. An approach to the formation of methods of ecological and economic regulation of the turnover of fecal waste of railway transport, taking into account the industry risk of technological development, is proposed.
Involvement in the economic turnover of ash and slag waste of thermal power plants in the interests of eco-oriented economic development
Authors: Pukhov Sergey , Kiseleva Svetlana
Published: February 2021

The article is devoted to the problem of reducing environmental pollution from ash and slag waste and obtaining benefits from their use in the national economy. The main aspects of the negative impact of ash and slag waste on the environment are considered. The use of ash and slag materials in the economy of Russia and foreign countries is characterized. The main problems in the waste management system in the Russian Federation, which impede the wider involvement of waste from thermal power plants in economic circulation, are identified. In the interests of reducing the negative impact of waste from thermal power plants on the environment and their more active involvement in the economic turnover, the most promising directions in this area have been identified. The current trends in the development of ash and slag waste management and the problems in this area are highlighted. The authors proposed to use an integrated approach to the waste management of thermal power plants, which covers various areas of technological activity and takes into account production, economic, environmental and other factors. The article presents a set of factors developed within the framework of the proposed approach that stimulate and hinder the development of projects in the field of waste management of thermal power plants. A set of indicators is proposed for analyzing projects (measures, programs) for the waste management of thermal power plants in the Russian Federation, reflecting commercial, environmental, socio-economic, legal interests. An approach and methodological basis for comparing alternative technologies (projects) for the treatment of waste from thermal power plants and selecting the most efficient are proposed. An algorithm for using an integrated approach to waste management of thermal power plants in the interests of sustainable economic development is proposed. The main provisions and conclusions of the study can be used in the practical activities of the fuel and energy complex, and can also serve as material for training specialists in the field of waste management and ensuring the environmental safety of the fuel and energy complex.
Choosing a solid municipal waste management strategy to address the challenges of recycling
Authors: Shilkina Svetlana
Published: February 2021

Global environmental problems all over the world are extremely acute, they are associated with the constantly growing man-made impact of man on the environment. Extraction and processing of resources affect production processes, the natural environment, and public health. This is especially true of waste generated in the production and consumption process, which cannot be used for further use due to technical or economic reasons. Despite the fact that municipal solid waste (MSW) constitutes less than 1 % of the total amount of industrial and domestic waste generated, it is the most annoying factor for the population, especially in large cities and adjacent areas. The basis of the strategy is the separate collection of waste by the population, the “sorting depth” depends on the current policy in this area: from 4–5 types of MSW in a number of European countries, to 40 in some regions of Japan. The subject of the research is the solid waste management system. The purpose of the article is to study the waste management system in the world and in Russia, analyze the current situation and choose a management strategy to solve the problem of waste disposal. Research methodology: financial and economic analysis. The article presents analytical data on the formation and disposal of electronic and plastic MSW, which have a clear tendency to significant growth, leading to an increase in incineration and disposal. Global problems are also relevant for Russia, where the level of MSW processing is not high and so far there are about ten incineration plants (WIPs) with low productivity. For comparison, the number of incinerators: in Switzerland – 29, in Japan – 1900, in Sweden – 21, in Denmark – 32, the total number of inhabitants in these countries is less than the population of Russia. New factories are expensive both during construction and operation. The article provides an assessment of the economic consequences of switching to MSW processing by incineration at an incineration plant, provides a financial and economic model of the project. Analysis of foreign experience made it possible to understand the causes of the problems and develop recommendations. This article is part of the author’s research in the field of choosing optimal strategies for managing the disposal of solid municipal waste, based on the collected material, it is planned to publish a monograph.
Analysis of the problems and methods of processing fecal waste of railway transport
Authors: Kanunnikov Oleg , Eroshchenko Sergey , Kiseleva Svetlana , Zozulya Pavel
Published: February 2021

he current scheme for the turnover of human waste is imperfect and has a number of serious problems that lead to the risk of pollution of the surrounding natural environment, the emergence of threats to human health, the accumulation of waste water that is not suitable for further use. one of the aspects of the turnover of human waste is the turnover of fecal waste of railway transport. The article develops the topic raised in the research work on the topic No. 7280-20 «Improving the mechanisms of ecological and economic regulation of the turnover of fecal waste of railway transport», carried out by the authors in 2020. A quantitative assessment of the volume of fecal waste is made, the ways of its utilization in a number of countries are described, the current legislative norms of the Russian Federation that regulate these processes, the existing turnover schemes, in which there are significant amounts of different chemical composition and possible ways of using sewage sludge. possible ways of processing are described, based on the existing world experience and theoretical developments confirmed by experiments. the problems and risks of human involvement in the natural cycle of these wastes are considered, while the ambiguity of the situation and the lack of the only correct solutions are noted. The purpose of the article is to consider the technological directions and techniques that can be useful for creating technologies for processing this material into a competitive product and choosing priority directions in the processing of fecal waste. Special attention is paid to the waste generated during the operation of railway passenger transport and the design of the technological chain that allows more efficient processing of these wastes and minimizes the negative impact on the natural and man-made environment.