bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Back Interface and Absorber Bulk Deep‐Level Trap Optimization Enables Highly Efficient Flexible Antimony Triselenide Solar Cell
Authors: Yang Jia , Chen Mingdong , Chen Guojie , Hou Yanqing , Su Zhenghua , Chen Shuo , Zhao Jun , Liang Guangxing
Published: March 2024

The unique 1D crystal structure of Antimony Triselenide (Sb2Se3) offers notable potential for use in flexible, lightweight devices due to its excellent bending characteristics. However, fabricating high‐efficiency flexible Sb2Se3 solar cells is challenging, primarily due to the suboptimal contact interface between the embedded Sb2Se3 layer and the molybdenum back‐contact, compounded by complex intrinsic defects. This study introduces a novel Molybdenum Trioxide (MoO3) interlayer to address the back contact interface issues in flexible Sb2Se3 devices. Further investigations indicate that incorporating a MoO3 interlayer not only enhances the crystalline quality but also promotes a favorable [hk1] growth orientation in the Sb2Se3 absorber layer. It also reduces the barrier height at the back contact interface and effectively passivates harmful defects. As a result, the flexible Sb2Se3 solar cell, featuring a Mo‐foil/Mo/MoO3/Sb2Se3/CdS/ITO/Ag substrate structure, demonstrates exceptional flexibility and durability, enduring large bending radii and multiple bending cycles while achieving an impressive efficiency of 8.23%. This research offers a straightforward approach to enhancing the performance of flexible Sb2Se3 devices, thereby expanding their application scope in the field of photovoltaics.
“Cold feet”: A qualitative study of medical students who seriously considered emergency medicine but chose another specialty
Authors: Akhavan Arvin R. , Kontrick Amy V. , Egan Haley , Balint Stephanie A. , Kane Bryan G. , House Joseph B. , Graffeo Charles S. , Courtney D. Mark , Lu Dave W.
Published: March 2024

Introduction

Emergency medicine (EM) has historically been among the most competitive specialties in the United States. However, in 2022 and 2023, 219 of 2921 and 554 of 3010 respective National Resident Matching Program positions were initially unfilled. Medical students’ selection of a medical specialty is a complex process. To better understand recent trends in the EM residency match, this qualitative study explored through one‐on‐one interviews the rationale of senior medical students who seriously considered EM but ultimately pursued another specialty.

Methods

A convenience sample of senior medical students from across the United States was recruited via multiple mechanisms after the 2023 match. Participant characteristics were collected via an online survey. Qualitative data were generated through a series of one‐on‐one semistructured interviews and thematic analysis of the data was performed using a constant comparative approach.

Results

Sixteen senior medical students from 12 different institutions participated in the study. Thematic saturation was reached after 12 interviews but data from all 16 interviews were included for qualitative analyses. Five major themes emerged as important in students’ consideration but ultimate rejection of EM as a career: (1) innate features of EM attracted or dissuaded students, (2) widespread awareness of a recent workforce report, (3) burnout in EM, (4) their perception of EM's standing in the health care landscape, and (5) early EM experience and exposure.

Conclusions

This qualitative study identified five major themes in the career decisions of senior medical students who seriously considered EM but chose another specialty. These findings may help inform the perceptions of students and guide future EM recruitment efforts.
Prediction of Operational Lifetime of Perovskite Light Emitting Diodes by Machine Learning
Authors: Zhang Liang , Lu Feiyue , Tao Guanhong , Li Mengmeng , Yang Zhen , Wang Airu , Zhu Wei , Cao Yu , Jin Yizheng , Zhu Lin , Huang Wei , Wang Jianpu
Published: March 2024

Perovskite light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) with advantages of high electroluminescence efficiency at high brightness, good color purity, and tunable bandgap, are believed to have potential applications in the next generation display and lighting technologies. Due to the complex degradation process, mathematic models to describe the degradation process of perovskite LEDs are absent. In this work, it is found that the mathematical fitting methods which have been widely used to describe the decay trend of organic LEDs and quantum‐dot LEDs, are unable to accurately predict the lifetime of perovskite LEDs. Then an ensemble machine learning model is developed, which utilizes data augmentation technique to predictT50of perovskite LEDs based on features beforeT80, achieving an accuracy of 0.995. Furthermore, the model can also accurately predict theT90lifetime of quantum‐dot LEDs (QLEDs) using features beforeT98, suggesting it is a useful tool to efficiently evaluate LED lifetimes.
Shape‐Memory Alloy‐Based Auxetic Smart Metamaterials: Enabling Inherently Bidirectional Actuation
Authors: Park Yeong Jae , Ahn Hyunje , Rodrigue Hugo
Published: March 2024

Auxetic metamaterials, characterized by their negative Poisson's ratio, have garnered significant interest in various fields due to their unique mechanical properties. This article presents a pioneering approach to the development of auxetic smart metamaterials using shape memory alloy (SMA) as the core material. As SMAs can be Joule heated to change between their low‐ and high‐temperature phases to trigger the actuation of the structure, the auxetic smart metamaterial can actively modify its shape and stiffness to produce bidirectional actuation with a single power input and using a single bias mechanical element. The proposed active auxetic metamaterial consists of an SMA plate patterned with auxetic cuts, creating hinges that modulate the deformation of the structure to produce an auxetic behavior. This work looks at the impact of different geometric parameters on the behavior of the structure, including its generated force, its maximum strain, and its Poisson's ratio. The study also investigates the effect of the number of segmented units, revealing that designs with more segmented units suffer from stress concentrations near attachment points, limiting their advantages. This article shows that smart materials can help imbue metamaterials such as auxetic metamaterials with active properties to facilitate their implementation in future robotic applications.
Synthesis of (E)‐β‐Iodovinyl Sulfones via HI‐mediated Vicinal Iodosulfonylation of Alkynes with Sodium Sulfinates
Authors: Chen Zu‐Jia , Zeng Yu , Li Zhong‐Hao , Li Huan‐Qing , Yu Shi‐Wei , Shen Qing , Wang Zhao‐Yang
Published: March 2024

Hydroiodic acid‐mediated vicinal iodosulfonylation reaction of alkynes with sodium sulfinates is proposed for the synthesis of (E)‐β‐iodovinyl sulfones. The method is easy to operate, environmentally friendly, using inexpensive and easily available raw materials, and giving the target products with good regio‐ and stereoselectivity in satisfactory yields.
Total Synthesis of the Euphorbia Diterpenoid Pepluacetal
Authors: Liu Meng , Wu Chuanhua , Xie Xingang , Li Huilin , She Xuegong
Published: March 2024

The first total synthesis of the Euphorbia diterpenoid pepluacetal is disclosed in both racemic and chiral fashions. The synthesis strategically relies on a photo‐induced Wolff rearrangement/lactonization cascade (WRLC) reaction to access the cyclobutane moiety, a ring‐closing metathesis/cyclopropanation sequence to rapidly forge the 7–3 bicyclic system, and a late‐stage Rh‐catalyzed transannular carbenoid insertion to C(sp3)−H bond followed by a Baeyer–Villiger oxidation and ring‐opening manipulations to install the side chain. The synthetic route demonstrates excellent stereochemical control on the non‐classical concave‐face bond formation, remote traceless stereochemical relay and high scalability to provide 20 mg of (+)‐pepluacetal.
Investigating the Therapeutic Effects of Ferroptosis on Myocardial Ischemia‐Reperfusion Injury Using a Dual‐Locking Mitochondrial Targeting Strategy
Authors: Yin Junling , Zheng Xueying , Zhao Yuxi , Shen Xiaotong , Cheng Tian , Shao Xinyu , Jing Xinying , Huang Shuhong , Lin Weiying
Published: March 2024

Research on ferroptosis in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (MIRI) using mitochondrial viscosity as a nexus holds great promise for MIRI therapy. However, high‐precision visualisation of mitochondrial viscosity remains a formidable task owing to the debilitating electrostatic interactions caused by damaged mitochondrial membrane potential. Herein, we propose a dual‐locking mitochondria‐targeting strategy that incorporates electrostatic forces and probe‐protein molecular docking. Even in damaged mitochondria, stable and precise visualisation of mitochondrial viscosity in triggered and medicated MIRI was achieved owing to the sustained driving forces (e.g., pi‐cation, pi‐alkyl interactions, etc.) between the developed probe, CBS, and the mitochondrial membrane protein. Moreover, complemented by a western blot, we confirmed that ferrostatin‐1 exerts its therapeutic effect on MIRI by improving the system xc−/GSH/GPX4 antioxidant system, confirming the therapeutic value of ferroptosis in MIRI. This study presents a novel strategy for developing robust mitochondrial probes, thereby advancing MIRI treatment.
Triplet‐Triplet Energy Transfer: A Simple Strategy for an Efficient Visible Light‐Induced Photoclick Reaction
Authors: Fu Youxin , Alachouzos Georgios , Simeth Nadja A. , Di Donato Mariangela , Hilbers Michiel F. , Buma Wybren Jan , Szymanski Wiktor , Feringa Ben L.
Published: March 2024

Photoclick reactions combine the advantages offered by light‐driven processes and classical click chemistry and have found applications ranging from surface functionalization, polymer conjugation, photo‐crosslinking, and protein labeling. Despite these advances, the dependency of most of the photoclick reactions on UV light poses a severe obstacle for their general implementation, as this light can be absorbed by other molecules in the system resulting in their degradation or unwanted reactivity. However, the development of a simple and efficient system to achieve bathochromically shifted photoclick transformations remains challenging. Here, we introduce triplet‐triplet energy transfer as a fast and selective way to enable visible light‐induced photoclick reactions. Specifically, we show that 9,10‐phenanthrenequinones (PQs) can efficiently react with electron‐rich alkenes (ERAs) in the presence of a catalytic amount (as little as 5 mol %) of photosensitizers. The photocycloaddition reaction can be achieved under green (530 nm) or orange (590 nm) light irradiation, representing a bathochromic shift of over 100 nm as compared to the classical PQ‐ERAs system. Furthermore, by combining appropriate reactants, we establish an orthogonal, blue and green light‐induced photoclick reaction system in which the product distribution can be precisely controlled by the choice of the color of light.
Synthesis and Structure of Protonated Sulfur Dioxide
Authors: Jessen Christoph , Kornath Andreas J.
Published: March 2024

Salts of protonated sulfur dioxide were synthesized by recrystallization of [FS(OX)2][SbF6] (X=H, D) in aprotic solvents at low temperatures. Hemiprotonated sulfur dioxide [(SO2)2H][Sb2F11] was obtained from the solvent SO2 and the monoprotonated sulfur dioxide [OSOD][Sb2F11], using 1,1,1,2‐tetrafluoroethane as solvent. For both compounds, single crystals were obtained and an X‐ray structure analysis was conducted. Furthermore, the salts were characterized by Raman spectroscopy and the results were discussed together with quantum chemical calculations on the M06‐2X/aug‐cc‐pVTZ level of theory.
Cascade Reaction in Organic Hole Transport Layer Enables Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Lan Zhineng , Huang Hao , Du Shuxian , Lu Yi , Sun Changxu , Yang Yingying , Zhang Qiang , Suo Yi , Qu Shujie , Wang Min , Wang Xinxin , Yan Luyao , Cui Peng , Zhao Zhiguo , Li Meicheng
Published: March 2024

The doped organic hole transport layer (HTL) is crucial for achieving high‐efficiency perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, the traditional doping strategy undergoes a time‐consuming and environment‐dependent oxidation process, which hinders the technology upgrades and commercialization of PSCs. Here, we reported a new strategy by introducing a cascade reaction in traditional doped Spiro‐OMeTAD, which can simultaneously achieve rapid oxidation and overcome the erosion of perovskite by 4‐tert‐butylpyridine (tBP) in organic HTL. The ideal dopant iodobenzene diacetate was utilized as the initiator that can react with Spiro to generate Spiro⋅+ radicals quickly and efficiently without the participation of ambient air, with the byproduct of iodobenzene (DB). Then, the DB can coordinate with tBP through a halogen bond to form a tBP‐DB complex, minimizing the sustained erosion from tBP to perovskite. Based on the above cascade reaction, the resulting Spiro‐based PSCs have a champion PCE of 25.76 % (certificated of 25.38 %). This new oxidation process of HTL is less environment‐dependent and produces PSCs with higher reproducibility. Moreover, the PTAA‐based PSCs obtain a PCE of 23.76 %, demonstrating the excellent applicability of this doping strategy on organic HTL.
Validating ΔΔG Selectivity Descriptor for Electrosynthesis of H2O2 from Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Mok Dong Hyeon , Back Seoin , Siahrostami Samira
Published: March 2024

Understanding selectivity trends is a crucial hurdle in the developing innovative catalysts for generating hydrogen peroxide through the two‐electron oxygen reduction reaction (2e‐ORR). The identification of selectivity patterns has been made more accessible through the introduction of a newly developed selectivity descriptor derived from thermodynamics, denoted as ΔΔG introduced in Chem Catal. 2023, 3(3), 100568. To validate the suitability of this parameter as a descriptor for 2e‐ORR selectivity, we utilize an extensive library of 155 binary alloys. We validate that ΔΔG reliably depicts the selectivity trends in binary alloys reported for their high activity in the 2e‐ORR. This analysis also enables the identification of nine selective 2e‐ORR catalysts underscoring the efficacy of ΔΔG as 2e‐ORR selectivity descriptor. This work highlights the significance of concurrently considering both selectivity and activity trends. This holistic approach is crucial for obtaining a comprehensive understanding in the identification of high‐performance catalyst materials for optimal efficiency in various applications.
A micro‐nanohierarchical composite fabric for efficient water transport and outstanding flame retardancy
Authors: Wu Yuzhe , Su Qing , Gong Ao , Zhu Chuanren , Long Shengru , Yang Jie , Wang Xiaojun , Wei Zhimei
Published: March 2024

Textiles with outstanding moisture transport characteristics and excellent flammability is of vital importance for human beings. In this work, the poly(arylene sulfide sulfone)–polydopamine/polyphenylene sulfide–polydopamine/poly(arylene sulfide sulfone) (PASS‐PDA/PPS‐PDA/PASS) composite fibric with multigradient porous structures from macro to submicron levels prepared via micrometer and nanometer fibers for water transport and evaporation has been fabricated. The introduction of PDA can effectively improve the hydrophilicity of the composite membrane. Meanwhile, superhydrophobic PASS layer with beaded structure was obtained by electrospray as the inner layer. It is found that PASS‐PDA‐72 fabric exhibited outstanding water diffusion property (spreading diameter = 10.47 cm) and ultrafast the water evaporation (0.20 g h−1). Meanwhile, the beaded‐structure PASS fabrics with high hydrophobicity (water contact angle is 130°C) was selected to absorb water from the surface of human skin and transport it to the other side to evaporate quickly, giving the surface of human skin a comfortable and dry environment. What is more, the PASS‐PDA/PPS‐PDA/PASS composite membrane exhibited excellent thermal stability (Tdmax = 544°C) and flame retardancy, which will have potential for the application in the field of fire protection.
A low pollution surface pretreatment of PC‐ABS under acidic conditions
Authors: Zhao Wei , Zhao Wenxia , Li Xinwei , Liu Xin , Hui Kaihong , Song Yifan , Chen Huaijun , Cui Yubo , Zhu Qian , Liu Jing , Qiao Liang , Yan Yani
Published: March 2024

In the present study, the low pollution acidic potassium permanganate system has been used in the study of its micro‐etching effect on polycarbonate‐acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (PC‐ABS). Prior to micro‐etching using a N methyl pyrrolidone (NMP)‐glycol butyl ether solution was used as the swelling system of PC‐ABS. Reasonable swelling conditions were determined, a 2‐min expansion period at a temperature of 35°C with an NMP concentration of 80%. After the swelling processes, the effects of the volume ratio of :, micro‐etching temperature, and micro‐etching duration on the PC‐ABS surface morphology, surface roughness, surface hydrophilicity, and peel strength, have been investigated. It was finally determined that the best micro‐etching effect could be obtained by reacting at : = 1:2 and a temperature of 60°C for 25 min. The surface of the PC‐ABS copolymers was characterized by x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, and Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy. The results showed that the micro‐etching process changed the morphology of the PC‐ABS surface and generated cavities. In addition, the surface roughness increased from the initial Ra = 9.69 to Ra = 197 nm. Also, the water contact angle on the PC‐ABS surface decreased from 92.2° to 28.6°, and the peel strength increased to 0.98 kN/m.
Unveiling the impact of housing debt on entrepreneurship: Evidence from China
Authors: Yu Xiaofen , Hu Dingpei , Hu Mingzhi
Published: March 2024

Despite extensive research on the impact of various factors on entrepreneurship, the role of housing debt remains underexplored, particularly in emerging economies. Using data from the China Household Finance Survey (CHFS), this study identifies a significant negative effect of housing debt on entrepreneurship after controlling for a comprehensive set of individual and household characteristics, as well as regional and year fixed effects. To delve deeper into the underlying mechanisms, we present direct evidence that housing debt amplifies risk aversion while imposing capital and credit constraints. Furthermore, we offer indirect evidence suggesting that housing debt exerts a stronger negative impact on employer entrepreneurship than on self‐employment entrepreneurship, and a more pronounced negative effect on active entrepreneurship compared to passive entrepreneurship. Overall, this study addresses gaps in research on the impact of housing debt on entrepreneurship and provides insights into the underlying mechanisms by revealing how housing debt amplifies risk aversion, imposes capital and credit constraints, and disproportionately affects employer entrepreneurship over self‐employment entrepreneurship, as well as active entrepreneurship over passive entrepreneurship.
Synovial 5‐Lipoxygenase–Derived Oxylipins Define a Lympho‐Myeloid–Enriched Synovium
Authors: Murillo‐Saich Jessica D. , Coras Roxana , Ramirez Julio , Quesada‐Masachs Estefania , Sala‐Climent Marta , Eschelbach Katharina , Mahony Christopher B. , Celis Raquel , Armando Aaron , Quehenberger Oswald , Croft Adam P. , Kavanaugh Arthur , Chang Eric , Cañete Juan D. , Singh Abha , Guma Monica
Published: March 2024

Objective

Oxylipins are bioactive lipids derived from polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) that modulate inflammation and may remain overexpressed in refractory synovitis. In plasma, they could also be biomarkers of synovial pathology. The aim of this study is to determine if synovial oxylipins in inflamed joints correlate with plasma oxylipins and with synovial histologic patterns.

Methods

Patients with established rheumatoid or psoriatic arthritis with active disease despite treatment were recruited, and paired synovial tissue (ST) and plasma were collected. Oxylipins were determined by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry and were classified into groups according to their PUFA precursor and enzyme. The expression of CD20, CD68, CD3, and CD138 was obtained to describe synovial histology. Cell‐specific expression of oxylipin‐related genes was identified by examining available synovial single‐cell RNA sequencing data.

Results

We included a total of 32 ST and 26 paired‐plasma samples. A total of 71 oxylipins were identified in ST, but only 24 were identified in plasma. Only levels of 9,10‐dihydroxyoctadecenoic acid and tetranor‐Prostaglandin FM had a significant positive correlation between plasma and ST. Several oxylipins and oxylipin‐related genes were differentially expressed among synovial phenotypes. Specifically, several 5‐lipoxygenase (LOX)–derived oxylipins were statistically elevated in the lympho‐myeloid phenotype and associated with B cell expression in rheumatoid arthritis samples.

Conclusion

The lack of correlation between ST and plasma oxylipins suggests that ST lipid profiling better characterizes active pathways in treated joints. Synovial 5‐LOX–derived oxylipins were highly expressed in lympho‐myeloid–enriched synovium. Combination therapy with 5‐LOX inhibitors to improve refractory inflammation may be needed in patients with this histologic group.

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An analysis of the relationship of “the Mozart effect” with BDNF levels in anatomy education
Authors: Petekkaya Emine , Ünalmış Aykar Demet , Kaptan Zülal
Published: March 2024

In 1993, an increase was observed in the spatial IQ scores of the volunteers who listened to Mozart's sonata K448 for 10 min, and this phenomenon entered the literature as the “Mozart effect.” Other studies have shown that this effect is particularly evident in spatial skill tests. A large body of research has provided evidence that spatial ability is associated with success in learning anatomy. In this study, Kastamonu University Faculty of Medicine students were divided into two groups during 16‐h practical training spanning 30 days. While one of the groups listened to Mozart's K448 sonata as the background music in all lessons, the control group attended the lessons in their standard form. At the end of each lesson, all students solved a modified mental rotation test including questions involving anatomical structures. Before starting the study, after the first laboratory class, on the 15th and 30th day of the study, blood samples were taken from the participants, and plasma brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels were determined. The effect of time on mental rotation score and plasma BDNF level was significant (p < 0.001 for both). The effect of group was also significant (p < 0.001 for both). Pairwise comparisons showed significance in the fifth, sixth, seventh, and eighth mental rotation test (p < 0.001, p = 0.041, p < 0.001, p < 0.001, respectively) and in the third (Day 15) and fourth (Day 30) BDNF measurement (p < 0.001 for both). Our findings may indicate that specific background music may be useful for anatomy teaching.
Quality of life outcomes after transobturator tape full removal surgeries: A monocentric experience
Authors: Perrouin‐Verbe Marie‐Aimee , Ochoa D‐Carolina , Skews Rachel , Acharya Mez , Prouza Antonin , Hashim Hashim
Published: March 2024

Objective

The objective of this study is to describe a standardised technique of full TOT removal with groin dissection and to report clinical improvement, satisfaction, safety and long‐term functional, quality of life (QoL) and sexual QoL outcomes.

Materials and methods

A retrospective review enrolling all women who had full TOT removal, in a tertiary referral centre from May 2017 to November 2020. Functional outcomes, satisfaction and QoL were assessed using a bespoke composite questionnaire (UDI‐6, EQ‐5D‐5L and ICIQ‐S) with additional questions on sexual QoL. Secondary outcomes were post‐operative recurrent stress urinary incontinence (SUI) and complication rate according to the Clavien‐Dindo classification.

Results

Full TOT removal using a vaginal approach and bilateral groin/para‐labial incisions was performed in 67 patients. Chronic pelvic pain was the main indication for mesh removal (51% of cases, n = 34). QoL questionnaires were answered by 43 patients. The satisfaction rate was high 86% (n = 37), and 81% (n = 35) of the patients considered the surgery successful. Seventy per cent (n = 30) of patients returned to having a sexual life after surgery. Recurrent SUI was reported in 32% (n = 14) of cases. The complication rate was 10% (7/67), all of them Clavien–Dindo ≤2.

Conclusion

Despite a high rate of postoperative bothersome SUI, full TOT removal with bilateral groin dissection improves pain and QoL. It is associated with a high overall satisfaction rate and an acceptable rate of complications.
Evaluation of in vitro corrosion behavior and biocompatibility of poly[xylitol‐(1,12‐dodecanedioate)](PXDD)‐HA coated porous iron for bone scaffolds applications
Authors: Md Yusop Abdul Hakim , Wan Ali Wan Fahmin Faiz , Jamaludin Farah Hidayah , Szali Januddi Fatihhi , Sarian Murni Nazira , Saad Norazalina , Wong Tuck‐Whye , Hidayat Arif , Nur Hadi
Published: March 2024

The present study evaluates the corrosion behavior of poly[xylitol‐(1,12‐dodecanedioate)](PXDD)‐HA coated porous iron (PXDD140/HA‐Fe) and its cell‐material interaction aimed for temporary bone scaffold applications. The physicochemical analyses show that the addition of 20 wt.% HA into the PXDD polymers leads to a higher crystallinity and lower surface roughness. The corrosion assessments of the PXDD140/HA‐Fe evaluated by electrochemical methods and surface chemistry analysis indicate that HA decelerates Fe corrosion due to a lower hydrolysis rate following lower PXDD content and being more crystalline. The cell viability and cell death mode evaluations of the PXDD140/HA‐Fe exhibit favorable biocompatibility as compared to bare Fe and PXDD‐Fe scaffolds owing to HA's bioactive properties. Thus, the PXDD140/HA‐Fe scaffolds possess the potential to be used as a biodegradable bone implant.
Systematic derivatives of 1‐(dicyanomethylene)indan and their photophysical properties as potential viscosity sensors
Authors: Roh Tae‐Ho , Ko Min‐Sung , Desale Pradeep P. , Cho Dong‐Gyu
Published: March 2024

This study focuses on derivatizing 1‐(dicyanomethylene)indan as a viscosity sensor. The indan was extended with various functionalized naphthaldehydes under a push–pull design strategy. Among synthesized derivatives, salt‐capped derivatives exhibited an excellent linearity between fluorescent intensity and viscosity (R2 = 0.99), and further investigation underscores the reversible nature of fluorescence intensity changes at two temperatures as an important trait of viscosity sensors.
Sustainability‐oriented innovation in manufacturing firms: Implementation and evaluation framework
Authors: Harsanto Budi , Kumar Niraj , Michaelides Roula
Published: March 2024

In this paper, complementary perspectives from innovation management capabilities (IMC), the natural resource‐based view (NRBV) and the social resource‐based view (SRBV) are revisited in order to lay the theoretical foundation for developing evaluation framework for sustainability‐oriented innovation (SOI). Six dimensions of SOI are identified, as innovation focus, sustainability focus, integration intra‐organisation, integration inter‐organisation, ambidexterity, and emphasis on physical life cycle — which then lead to developing the key parameters for the evaluation framework. The proposed framework is validated through analysis of 25 cases from the manufacturing sector in Indonesia. Data were primarily collected through semi‐structured interviews and analysed using a polar diagram. This approach offered a comprehensive understanding of the qualitative data by assessing all six SOI dimensions simultaneously, presenting an effective visualisation of the firms' approach to SOI. The findings suggest that the majority of firms tend to adopt an operational optimisation approach when developing their SOI, while only a few opt for organisational transformational, and none choose the system building approach. This research paper makes a significant contribution to literature by introducing transition phases among SOI approaches, which were previously not explored in literature. The framework developed in this study would provide valuable support to practitioners in implementation and enhancement of their SOI practices.
Molecular Docking, Synthesis, and Characterization of Furanyl‐Pyrazolyl Acetamide and 2,4‐Thiazolidinyl‐Furan‐3‐Carboxamide Derivatives as Neuroinflammatory Protective Agents
Authors: Mudimela Sowjanya , Giridharan Vijayasree V. , Janardhan Saravanan
Published: March 2024

Microglia are key immune cells in the brain that maintain homeostasis and defend against immune threats. Targeting the dysfunctional microglia is one of the most promising approaches to inhibit neuroinflammation. In the current study, a diverse series of molecular hybrids were designed and screened through molecular docking against two neuroinflammatory targets, namely HMGB1 (2LY4) and HMGB1 Box A (4QR9) proteins. Based on the outcomes of docking scores fifteen compounds; ten furanyl‐pyrazolyl acetamides 11(a–j), and five 2,4‐thiazolidinyl‐furan‐3‐carboxamide 15(a–e) derivatives were selected for further synthesis, followed by biological evaluation. The selected compounds, 11(a–j) and 15(a–e) were successfully synthesized with moderate to good yields, and structures were confirmed by IR, NMR, and mass spectra. The in‐vitro cytotoxicity was evaluated on microglial cells namely BV‐2, N‐9, HMO6, leukemic HAP1, and human fibroblast cells. Further western‐blot analysis revealed that 11h, 11f, 11c, 11j, 15d, 15c, 15e, and 15b compounds significantly suppressed anti‐inflammatory markers such as TNF‐α, IL‐1, IL‐6, and Bcl‐2. All derivatives were moderate in potency compared to reference doxorubicin and could potentially act as novel anti‐neuroinflammatory agents. This study can act as a beacon for further research in the application of furan‐pyrazole and furan‐2,4‐thiazolidinediones as lead moieties for anti‐neuroinflammatory and related diseases.
Emodin Blocks mPTP Opening and Improves LPS‐Induced HMEC‐1 Cell Injury by Upregulation of ATP5A1
Authors: Di Tietao , He Limin , Shi Qing , Chen Lu , Zhu Lei , Zhao Sisi , Zhang Chunling
Published: March 2024

Background: Emodin has been shown to exert anti‐inflammatory and cytoprotective effects. Our study aimed to identify a novel anti‐inflammatory mechanism of emodin. Methods: An LPS‐induced model of microvascular endothelial cell (HMEC‐1) injury was constructed. Cell proliferation was examined using a CCK‐8 assay. The effects of emodin on reactive oxygen species (ROS), cell migration, the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and the opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) were evaluated. Actin‐Tracker Green was used to examine the relationship between cell microfilament reconstruction and ATP5A1 expression. The effects of emodin on the expression of ATP5A1, NALP3, and TNF‐α were determined. After treatment with emodin, ATP5A1 and inflammatory factors (TNF‐α, IL‐1, IL‐6, IL‐13 and IL‐18) were examined by Western blotting. Results: Emodin significantly increased HMEC‐1 cell proliferation and migration, inhibited the production of ROS, increased the mitochondrial membrane potential, and blocked the opening of the mPTP. Moreover, emodin could increase ATP5A1 expression, ameliorate cell microfilament remodeling, and decrease the expression of inflammatory factors. In addition, when ATP5A1 was overexpressed, the regulatory effect of emodin on inflammatory factors was not significant. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that emodin can protect HMEC‐1 cells against inflammatory injury. This process is modulated by the expression of ATP5A1.
Pulvinic Acid Derivative Pigments in Lanmaoa asiatica and L. macrocarpa
Authors: Wang Yixiao , Lüli Yunjiao , Li Xuan , Yang Zhu L. , Luo Hong
Published: March 2024

Lanmaoa asiatica G. Wu & Zhu L. Yang and L. macrocarpa N. K. Zeng, H. Chai & S. Jiang are two important gourmet bolete in China, and locally named “Jian Shou Qing” meaning their fruiting bodies turn blue after bruising. The genus represents a distinct lineage in Boletaceae. The pigment(s) associated with the discoloration in Lanmaoa has not been identified. The aim of this study was to determine the pigment(s) underpinning the bluing reaction of L. asiatica and L. macrocarpa when bruised. Potential compounds were isolated by HPLC and identified by LC‐HRMS and NMR. In total five to six pigments of hydroxylated pulvinic acid derivatives were detected with similar distribution patterns in both L. asiatica and L. macrocarpa, which by abundance were variegatic acid, variegatorubin, xerocomic acid (and/or isoxerocomic acid), xerocomorubin, and atromentic acid. Variegatic acid, the most abundant pigment, was isolated by HPLC, and the structure was further characterized by NMR. The amount of variegatic acid increased after regular cooking, which may suggest its enhanced health benefit as human diet. The types of pigments that cause bluing reactions often differ among families of Boletales. Our results showed that the pigments in Lanmaoa belong to the category of hydroxylated pulvinic acid derivatives, the major bluing compounds in Boletaceae.
Future Research Directions in the Partial Oxidation of Methane to Methanol Over Copper‐Containing Zeolites
Authors: Ogunleye Motunrayo , Pokhrel Jeewan , Shantz Daniel F.
Published: March 2024

The direct partial oxidation of methane to methanol is a potentially transformative approach to upgrading methane to higher value molecules. Copper‐exchanged zeolites show potential to achieve this aim and have been extensively reported and reviewed in the open literature. This concept paper highlights selected works that point to knowledge gaps in this space, which opens opportunities for further breakthroughs. Specifically, these literature reports highlight the need for 1) additional research exploring how reactor operating conditions (space velocity, feed composition, temperature) can be optimized to improve methanol selectivity, 2) developing a better understanding of how the zeolite topology impacts the reactivity of methane, and 3) how different methods of loading copper into the zeolite impact reactivity.
Boron and Fluorine Co‐Doped Graphene/Few‐Walled Carbon Nanotube Composite as Highly Active Electrocatalyst for Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Raudsepp Ragle , Türk Karl‐Kalev , Zarmehri Ehsan , Joost Urmas , Rauwel Protima , Saar Rando , Mäeorg Uno , Dyck Alexander , Bron Michael , Chen Zhongming , Noda Suguru , Kruusenberg Ivar , Tammeveski Kaido
Published: March 2024

Functionalization of nanocarbon materials with heteroatoms is of paramount interest as doping of carbon with electron withdrawing groups results in change of electrochemical properties of the potential catalyst. Adding fluorine, as the most electronegative element into the doping process next to boron is expected to have significant effect on the design of novel nanocarbon‐based electrocatalysts. In this paper boron and fluorine co‐doped reduced graphene oxide/few‐walled carbon nanotube (BF‐rGO/FWCNT) catalysts are synthesized via simple and low‐cost direct pyrolysis method using boron trifluoride diethyl etherate (BTDE). Composition analysis confirmed that boron and fluorine have been grafted onto the carbon support. Rotating disk electrode (RDE) measurements revealed that BF‐rGO/FWCNT has remarkable electrocatalytic activity toward the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) both in alkaline and acid media. The onset potential of the best BF‐rGO/FWCNT catalyst was 50 mV more positive in alkaline and 600 mV more positive in acidic media compared with un‐doped rGO/FWCNT. The half‐wave potential was 100 mV more positive in alkaline media and 700 mV more positive in acidic media in comparison with un‐doped rGO/FWCNT.
Infrared Laser Stark Spectroscopy of Methyl Fluoride in 4He Nanodroplets
Authors: Raston Paul L. , Douberly Gary E.
Published: March 2024

We measured the rotationally resolved infrared spectra of helium solvated methyl fluoride at 3 μm and 10 μm, wherein lies C−H and C−F stretching bands, respectively. The linewidths (FWHM) were found to increase with increasing vibrational energy and range from 0.002 cm−1 in the v3 band (C−F stretch) at ~1047 cm−1, to 0.65 cm−1 in the v4 band (asymmetric C−H stretch) at ~2997 cm−1. In between these two bands we observed the lower and upper components of the Fermi triad bands (ν1/2ν2/2ν5) at ~2859 and ~2961 cm−1. We carried out Stark spectroscopy on the lower band on account of its narrower linewidths (0.04 vs. 0.14 cm−1, respectively). The objective of performing Stark spectroscopy was to see if there is any evidence for a rotational linewidth dependence on the external field strength, due to a reduced difference in between methyl fluorides rotational energy gap and the roton‐gap of superfluid helium. We did not find any evidence for such an effect, which we largely attribute to the rotational energy gap not increasing significantly enough by the external field. We point to another molecule (formaldehyde) whose energy levels are predicted to show a more promising response to application of an external field.
Multi‐Resonance Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Molecules for Triplet‐Triplet Annihilation Upconversion
Authors: Zhang Ming‐Yu , Li Ji‐Kun , Wang Xiao‐Ye , Huang Ling
Published: March 2024

Triplet‐triplet annihilation upconversion (TTA‐UC) has made significant progress in recent years in several key applications, including solar energy harvesting, photocatalysis, stereoscopic 3D printing, and disease therapeutics. In TTA‐UC research, photosensitizers serve the vital function of harvesting low‐energy photons. The photophysical characteristics of photosensitizers, including absorbance, triplet state quantum yield, triplet state energy level, triplet state lifetime, etc., determine the performance of TTA‐UC. Thus, the study of photosensitizers has been a key aspect of TTA‐UC. In recent years, multi‐resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescence (MR‐TADF) molecules have received extensive attention due to their excellent photophysical properties and electroluminescent device performance. MR‐TADF molecules not only present a narrow energy gap between the singlet and triplet excited states, but also have stronger absorption and better wavelength regulation than conventional TADF molecules. Nowadays, the preliminary attempts in TTA‐UC using MR‐TADF molecules as photosensitizers have resulted in the development of green to ultraviolet, blue to ultraviolet, and even near‐infrared to blue emission. This concept will summarize the research progress of MR‐TADF molecules as photosensitizers in TTA‐UC, analyzing the challenges and giving possible solutions. Finally, we prospect the future development of MR‐TADF molecules as photosensitizers, including the molecular design as well as the possible application areas.
Evaluation of speed breeding conditions for accelerating Fusarium head blight and deoxynivalenol screening in wheat
Authors: Chhabra Bhavit , Thrasu Saijagruti , Wallace Sydney , Schoen Adam , Shahoveisi Fereshteh , Dong Yanhong , Tiwari Vijay , Rawat Nidhi
Published: March 2024

Feeding the world's ever‐increasing population requires continuous development of high‐yielding and disease‐resistant cultivars of food crops such as wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Speed breeding, which utilizes longer photoperiod times and higher temperatures, is a technique that accelerates plant development and is rapidly being adopted by wheat breeders across the globe to fast‐track cultivar development. Plant diseases are a major threat to crop production, and breeding for disease resistance is a major goal of crop breeders. Fusarium head blight (FHB), caused by Fusarium graminearum, is a major disease of small grain cereals, affecting their yield and quality. The aim of present work was to assess if speed breeding conditions can be used to accelerate reliable assessment of FHB severity and mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) accumulation in wheat varieties. We screened a set of six spring wheat genotypes with different levels of genetic resistance (two moderately susceptible, two highly susceptible, one moderately resistant, and one resistant) for their response to FHB at 14 days after inoculation (dai) and 21 dai and DON accumulation under normal versus speed breeding conditions. FHB severity and DON accumulation were found to be highly correlated at all time points under normal and speed breeding conditions. Robust differentiation between resistant and susceptible genotypes could be achieved at 14 dai rather than the normal period of 21 dai, saving at least a week in phenotyping. Combined with the accelerated growth, flowering, and maturity under these conditions, efficient FHB screening and DON evaluation under speed breeding conditions will fast‐track development of resistant wheat varieties.
JCAD deficiency delayed liver regenerative repair through the Hippo–YAP signalling pathway
Authors: Zhang Li , Yang Yong‐Yu , Xie Li , Zhou Yuan , Zhong Zhenxing , Ding Jia , Wang Zhong‐Hua , Wang Yu‐Li , Liu Xiu‐Ping , Yu Fa‐Xing , Wu Jian
Published: March 2024

Background and aims

Liver regeneration retardation post partial hepatectomy (PH) is a common clinical problem after liver transplantation. Identification of key regulators in liver regeneration post PH may be beneficial for clinically improving the prognosis of patients after liver transplantation. This study aimed to clarify the function of junctional protein‐associated with coronary artery disease (JCAD) in liver regeneration post PH and to reveal the underlying mechanisms.

Methods

JCAD knockout (JCAD‐KO), liver‐specific JCAD‐KO (Jcad△Hep) mice and their control group were subjected to 70% PH. RNA sequencing was conducted to unravel the related signalling pathways. Primary hepatocytes from KO mice were treated with epidermal growth factor (EGF) to evaluate DNA replication. Fluorescent ubiquitination‐based cell cycle indicator (FUCCI) live‐imaging system was used to visualise the phases of cell cycle.

Results

Both global and liver‐specific JCAD deficiency postponed liver regeneration after PH as indicated by reduced gene expression of cell cycle transition and DNA replication. Prolonged retention in G1 phase and failure to transition over the cell cycle checkpoint in JCAD‐KO cell line was indicated by a FUCCI live‐imaging system as well as pharmacologic blockage. JCAD replenishment by adenovirus reversed the impaired DNA synthesis in JCAD‐KO primary hepatocyte in exposure to EGF, which was abrogated by a Yes‐associated protein (YAP) inhibitor, verteporfin. Mechanistically, JCAD competed with large tumour suppressor 2 (LATS2) for WWC1 interaction, leading to LATS2 inhibition and thereafter YAP activation, and enhanced expression of cell cycle‐associated genes.

Conclusion

JCAD deficiency led to delayed regeneration after PH as a result of blockage in cell cycle progression through the Hippo–YAP signalling pathway. These findings uncovered novel functions of JCAD and suggested a potential strategy for improving graft growth and function post liver transplantation.

Key Points

JCAD deficiency leads to an impaired liver growth after PH due to cell division blockage.

JCAD competes with LATS2 for WWC1 interaction, resulting in LATS2 inhibition, YAP activation and enhanced expression of cell cycle‐associated genes.

Delineation of JCADHippoYAP signalling pathway would facilitate to improve prognosis of acute liver failure and graft growth in living‐donor liver transplantation.
SO‐CPP: Sailfish optimization‐based controller placement in IoT‐enabled software‐defined wireless sensor networks
Authors: Kumari Rajoriya Manisha , Gupta Chandra Prakash
Published: March 2024

One of the expanding network topologies that is frequently utilized to improve network development by successfully separating the control plane and data plane is software‐defined networking (SDN). In order to function inside complex sensor networks, the SDWSN system frequently relies on centralized controller logic that pulls global network information. In wireless sensor networks (WSNs), using several SDN controllers is known as a promising strategy due to reliability and performance considerations. However, using numerous controllers increases the synchronization overhead between the controllers. Consequently, it is a difficult research challenge to discover the best placement of SDN controllers to enhance the performance of a WSN, subject to the maximum number of controllers calculated based on the synchronization overhead. This research introduces a novel technique to overcome the controller placement problem (CPP) by optimizing multi‐constraints within the sensor networks. For selecting the optimal controllers and placing them in an optimal location, a novel sailfish optimization (SO) strategy is introduced that can enhance the search space and maintain optimal global values throughout the iteration. Then, node clustering is performed using the fuzzy‐C‐means (FCM) clustering technique, which can reduce energy consumption and path delay within the network. The overall latency obtained by the proposed method is about 0.51 and 0.56 ms, and a total run time of 4 ms for both single sink and multi‐sink, respectively. The proposed method is implemented in the MATLAB platform, and different performance metrics are analyzed and compared with existing techniques.
Sensory processing across eating disorders: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of self‐report inventories
Authors: Cobbaert Laurence , Hay Phillipa , Mitchell Philip B. , Roza Sabine J. , Perkes Iain
Published: March 2024

Objective

This review investigated the extant literature regarding the relationship between eating disorder diagnoses and sensory processing as measured by validated and reliable self‐report inventories. Increasing evidence highlights the role of sensory processing in cognitive functions. Sensory processing is implicated in mental‐ill health, including eating disorders (ED) and body image disturbances. However, the pathophysiological underpinnings of sensory processing, encompassing exteroception and interoception, in relation to ED remain underexplored.

Method

We included studies involving participants aged 15 years or older with an eating disorder diagnosis confirmed by semi‐structured or structured interviews. We further limited inclusion to articles using validated and reliable self‐report instruments to measure sensory processing. Our meta‐analysis focused on studies using the interoceptive awareness subscale from the second version of the Eating Disorder Inventory. We used the Critical Appraisal checklist for quasi‐experimental studies to assess the quality of included articles.

Results

There were 19 studies that met our inclusion criteria. Most studies showed moderate‐to‐high quality. Anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN) were associated with heightened exteroception. Moreover, people with AN reported a heightened sense of taste compared to those with BN. Our meta‐analysis comprising 10 studies, 19 samples, and 6382 participants revealed that AN (binge‐purge subtype) and BN were associated with increased interoceptive difficulties compared to AN (restrictive subtype) or binge‐eating disorder.

Discussion

Overall, this review emphasizes the need for a deeper investigation into sensory processing, spanning both exteroception and interoception, in relation to ED. This may prove important for individualizing person‐centered care.

Public significance

How people process internal, for example, hunger, and external, for example, taste and sensations is known to influence cognition and mental‐ill health, including ED and body image disturbances. However, the ways in which sensory processing may contribute to ED are incompletely understood. We found that individuals with AN or BN experienced heightened exteroception, while people with an eating disorder characterized by purging reported increased interoceptive difficulties. These patterns could inform the development of more personalized treatments.