bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ожидания населения от пенсионной реформы 2018 г. как основа формирования социальной напряженности
Authors: Василенко Инна Викторовна
Published: June 2020

В статье рассматриваются социальные последствия изменений, внесенных в пенсионную систему России в 2018 г. Описываются экономические, демографические и финансовые условия, послужившие обоснованием поправок, связанных с увеличением возраста выхода на пенсию. Внимание уделяется социальным последствиям реформы в Волгоградской области. Утверждается, что произошедшие изменения создали ситуацию социальной напряженности. В статье она изучается с нескольких сторон: динамика ситуации, представления участвующих об этой ситуации и их проекции на ее негативные последствия. С одной стороны, напряженное состояние общества связано с масштабом происходящих в нем изменений, а с другой – с остротой реакции населения на эти трансформации. Масштабность изменений и характер интерпретаций акторами этих изменений измерялись, во‑первых, с помощью статистических показателей и их динамики. Во-вторых, использовался прагматический (утилитарный) критерий и критерий ожиданий, которые в негативной направленности создают напряженность социальной среды. Два последних параметра выявлялись с помощью глубинного интервью. Статистические расчеты доказывают, что изменения в пенсионной системе были актуальными: в стране резко увеличивается численность пенсионеров, и, для того, чтобы не произошло сокращение уровня выплачиваемой средней пенсии, увеличивается нагрузка на бюджет. Тем не менее население не было готово к этим социальным изменениям, поэтому реакция на них оказалась острой. Несмотря на существование утилитарных соображений (возможности для некоторых людей быть дольше активными в трудовой деятельности), ожидания преобладающей части лиц предпенсионного возраста носят отрицательный характер, связанный с появлением у людей неуверенности в будущем, незащищенности в старшем возрасте. Ранее основой для уверенности выступала пенсия. Напряженность социальной среды, сформировавшейся в результате изменений пенсионной системы, создается совокупностью негативных реакций населения: опасениями невостребованности своей профессии, потери работы, снижения заработной платы, общего дохода, увеличения требований со стороны работодателя, ухудшения состояния здоровья.
Этнически избирательный контроль: дисфункция правоохранительной системы или социальный институт?
Authors: Григорьева Ксения Сергеевна
Published: June 2020

Эмпирически установленные различия в обращении сотрудников правоохранительных органов с представителями этнического большинства и этнических меньшинств вызывают горячие дебаты в научном мире. Часть исследователей объясняет такие практики расизмом отдельных полицейских или расистской культурой полиции в целом. Оппоненты упрекают их в предвзятости и недостаточной методологической строгости, отмечая, что простого наличия статистических диспропорций или расистских разговоров в «полицейских столовых», недостаточно для подобных выводов. Камнем преткновения является так же вопрос об институциализации указанных различий. Предположение, что они являются результатом осознанной государственной политики, наталкивается на недостаточность эмпирических данных, которые могли бы это подтвердить. А концепция, согласно которой отмеченные различия являются отражением этнического неравенства, вызывает критику в связи с ограниченной аналитической полезностью. В итоге, несмотря на более чем пятидесятилетний период исследования этнически избирательного контроля, эти вопросы остаются нерешенными. Характерной особенностью изучения этнически избирательного контроля является то, что традиционно оно велось в рамках более широкого исследования правоохранительной системы, вследствие чего в большинстве случаев такой контроль рассматривался как проблема полиции или как дисфункция правоохранительных органов в целом. Эмпирической базой служили наблюдения за взаимодействием правоохранительных органов и этнических меньшинств, статистические данные об остановках и проверках водителей и пешеходов, опросы об отношении к полиции. Возможность участия в осуществлении этнически избирательного контроля других государственных и негосударственных организаций, как правило, даже не рассматривалась. При этом документальные источники в подавляющем большинстве случаев оставались вне поля зрения исследователей. Статья нацелена на то, чтобы продемонстрировать возможности, которые открывает анализ документов в изучении этнически избирательного контроля, скорректировать некоторые распространенные представления об этом явлении, а также наметить пути к его более глубокому изучению.
Влияние результатов президентских выборов на экономическую поддержку регионов в опекунских режимах: кейс Ирана 2005–2013 гг.
Authors: Васькин Илья Андреевич
Published: June 2020

Статья посвящена роли поддержки инкумбента на президентских выборах в финансировании регионов в опекунских режимах на примере Ирана 2005–2013 гг. Данные включают 242 наблюдения по 31 регионам за восемь лет. Исследование основано на теориях поддержки ядерного электората и теории колеблющихся избирателей. В статье проанализирована трансформация распределительной политики в Иране до 2013 г. В результате корреляционного и регрессионного анализа выявлено, что между электоральной поддержкой инкумбента на президентских выборах и выдачей краткосрочных кредитов регионам существует значимая отрицательная связь. В свою очередь, значимая связь между поддержкой инкумбента на президентских выборах и выдачей долгосрочных кредитов на развитие не обнаружена. У таких результатов может быть два объяснения. Во-первых, правящая коалиция может представлять, что ядерный электорат инкумбента устойчив, поэтому необходимо обращаться к сторонникам политических оппонентов. Во-вторых, причиной является стремление решать в первую очередь экономические и социальные проблемы подобные бедности, низкому уровню грамотности, безработице, чтобы усилить собственную поддержку в соответствующих регионах за счет их решения. Эти результаты также могут отражать ориентацию инкумбента на нелояльные регионы и улучшение условий в них с целью дальнейшего повышения собственного рейтинга и, шире, решение проблемы низкого уровня жизни. Кроме того, он также может ориентироваться на привлечение сторонников своих оппонентов, что возможно только в случае рациональности избирателей. Однако результаты данного исследования могут представлять и исключительный случай, характерный либо для конкретного президента, либо для политического режима Ирана.
'This is not a Story which would Shock!': The #MeToo Campaign in Slovenia
Authors: Завиржек Дарья
Published: June 2020

In post-socialist Slovenia, the #MeToo campaign (#jaztudi), which was started by four public intellectuals in 2018, was rather different to its equivalent in most Western counties. The analysis of the #jaztudi campaign suggests that there are local specifics in the Slovenian material and that the campaign appeared at the peak of the era of neopatriarchy where global inequalities are on the rise. Hundreds of women who testified about sexual harassment and sexual violence were not celebrities and public figures. The men against whom they spoke up were not famous, rich and powerful. They disclosed ordinary, 'small' stories, which were far from spectacular. Women wrote about everyday sexual assaults in childhood, in their teens and in adulthood. The majority of them were not interested in taking legal action against the perpetrators, something which can partially be explained by the contexts of rurality, religious influences and the social norms related to sexual violence towards women that are reproduced in educational, judicial and other social systems. This article provides the social context of the situation facing women in Slovenia and attempts to explain why #MeToo campaigns in different countries are contextual. It shows the importance of locally specific factors that influence women’s readiness to speak out and to denounce perpetrators. A number of factors have a great impact on ending sexual violence against women, including the frequency of violence against women; women’s economic and social status; the responses of professionals in public institutions to which women could turn for help; as well as awareness on the part of parents, teachers and communities. The implementation of the Istanbul Convention, which Slovenia ratified in 2015, and its internalisation on both the cognitive and emotional levels, constitute an important historical turning point in the fight to end sexual violence.
Модель Housing First в западной социальной политике преодоления бездомности
Authors: Казакова Анна Юрьевна
Published: June 2020

Обзор посвящен исследованиям инновационной модели социальной политики Housing first, доказавшей в последние два десятилетия свою эффективность как средства борьбы с бездомностью. На материалах англоязычных научных источников выявляется генезис, географическая широта и результаты эмпирической верификации данной концепции. Первоначально примененная к людям с психическими заболеваниями с последующей экстраполяцией на бездомных, в экономически развитых странах концепция доказала свою социальную и экономическую эффективность, постепенно захватывая и страны бывшего социалистического лагеря, а также модифицируясь в направлении от патернализма в отношении самых незащищенных в сторону признания всеобщего и безусловного принципа естественного права человека на жилье. Больше всего исследований этой политики проведено авторами из Великобритании, США, Франции, Ирландии. Наиболее ангажированные авторы – социологи, социальные географы, социальные экологи – характеризуются активным включением в экспериментальную и волонтерскую практическую работу, в ассоциации и союзы, защищающие права бездомных, дискриминированных этнических меньшинств, женщин и детей. Итоги обзора указывают, что осознанный общественный запрос на внедрение Housing first усиливается в условиях жестко сегрегированного, но внеинтернатного проживания большого количества дискриминированных городских меньшинств, в том числе самоизолирующихся, в сочетании с усилением репрессивных мер против них в результате процессов джентрификации. Успеху внедрения модели способствует тщательный и детализированный статистический учет видов и форм расселения жителей, в том числе явной и латентной, краткосрочной и долгосрочной бездомности, и переход к полевой модели социального обслуживания всех категорий нуждающихся в местах их проживания и типичной дневной активности. Этические преимущества концепции состоят в отказе от любых форм насилия и принуждения в ходе реабилитационной деятельности, идеологические – в снижении жилищного неравенства и повышении социальной справедливости, экономические – в снижении затрат на социальное обеспечение, социальные – в дестигматизации и расширении кооперативного взаимодействия бывших бездомных с остальным обществом.
Cоциальная политика в условиях проблематизации прав человека
Authors: Сычев Андрей Анатольевич
Published: June 2020

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Cultural Attribution of Early Bronze Age Tombs Under Kurgans in Azerbaijan
Authors: Gasymov P. P.
Published: June 2020

This study focuses on the cultural attribution of a distinct category of Early Bronze Age burials in the eastern piedmont of the Lesser Caucasus, northwestern Azerbaijan, known as “tombs under kurgans” or “kurgans with collective burials in tombs”. There was an opinion that such burials belong to the early period of the Kura-Araxes (or proto-Kura-Araxes) culture. To test this idea, we analyzed ceramics from tombs under kurgans at Shadyly, Uzun-Rama, and Mentesh-Tepe, all of which have radiocarbon dates. Results suggest that the vessels are hand-made, their paste contains no organic temper, and they are a coarse imitation of the Uruk ceramics. This tradition is unrelated to the Kura-Araxes culture, marked by a handmade red-and-black burnished pottery. Also, at the highly developed stage of the Kura-Araxes in any of its local versions, collective burials in tombs were not practiced. Thus, before the emergence of the Kuro-Araxes culture in the Southern Caucasus, there was a population practicing the tradition of kurgans with collective burials in tombs. The origin of this tradition is a contentious matter. What we know only is that it emerged in the 34th century BC and disappeared around the 31st–30th centuries BC, following the Kura-Araxes expansion in the Southern Caucasus.
Two Rare Finds from the Maikop-Novosvobodnaya Sites in the Black Sea Region
Authors: Korenevskiy S. N. , Yudin A. I.
Published: June 2020

We describe two unique ﬁ nds from the 2018 excavations at the Maikop-Novosvobodnaya settlements of Pervomayskoye and Chekon in the Krasnodar Territory: a pendant and a clay ﬁgurine of a goddess, respectively. The parquet ornament on the pendant is paralleled by that on a cylindrical pendant-seal from Chekon. Such ornamentation is frequent on Near Eastern button-seals, and occurs on Anatolian artifacts symbolizing the fertility goddess and the magic related to her. Therefore, the Pervomayskoye and Chekon pendants, too, may be associated with the fertility cult. The ﬁgurine of a goddess from Chekon can be attributed to the Serezlievka type of the Late Tripolye culture. It testiﬁes to ties between Maikop and Tripolye in the late 4th to early 3rd millennia BC. Both ﬁnds shed light on the vastly diverse beliefs of the Maikop-Novosvobodnaya tribes at the middle and late stage of that culture.
On the Earliest Use of Plate-Formed Cheekpieces and the Emergence of Horse Riding (Based on Finds from the Novoilyinovskiy II Cemetery in Northern Kazakhstan)
Authors: Chechushkov I. V. , Ovsyannikov A. A. , Usmanova E. R.
Published: June 2020

This study addresses the description, use-wear analysis, and date of three plate-formed cheekpieces from kurgan 5 at Novoilyinovskiy II, Kazakhstan. They were found in the same context with two sacriﬁced horses (a stallion and a mare), placed on the bottom of a ritual pit in the “ﬂying gallop” posture. The emergence of horse riding, marking a new type of mobility and warfare, has been traditionally dated to ca 900 BC. However, cheekpieces suggest that this process spanned the entire 2nd millennium BC. They testify to the evolution of horsemanship and the search for the most efﬁcient means of controlling draft and riding horses. Results of the use-wear analysis suggest that all three specimens likely belonged to riding horses’ harnesses. Two AMS radiocarbon measurements referring to kurgan 5 suggest that these cheekpieces are among the earliest used for controlling riding rather than draft horses, implying that horse riding emerged on the Eurasian steppes as early as the beginning of the 2nd millennium BC.
The Southeastern Sindica Frontier: The Raevskoye Fortiﬁed Settlement
Authors: Malyshev A. A. , Batchenko V. S.
Published: June 2020

The expansion of the Bosporan Kingdom (the interior colonization of Bosporus) was caused by the need for commercial grain in the Greek markets of the Mediterranean. The steep rise in the Bosporan rulers’ incomes followed the annexation of Sindica—one of the most fertile lands of the Northern Pontic region, situated in the Lower Kuban basin. This study discusses the history of the vast chora of the Greek Gorhippia in the southeastern fringes of Sindica, focusing on ﬁndings from a Bosporan fort—the Raevskoye fortiﬁed settlement. We reconstruct the evolution of the anthropogenic landscape of the area over four centuries (Hellenistic and Early Roman period). The chronology is based on a collection of Bosporan coins from the fortiﬁed settlement. We analyze the factors due to which the habitation layers of the fortiﬁed settlement span a period from the Early Bronze Age to the High Middle Ages. We provide a new topography of the Early Iron Age aboriginal site, along with that of the fortiﬁed site existing during the three Bosporan stages. Special attention is paid to the fortiﬁcation system, arranged in the Hellenistic period. Studies in recent decades have suggested that the fortiﬁcations were constructed according to the typical Bosporan technique of adobe-stone architecture. The fortiﬁed settlement evolved over a long period as an economic and political center of a large borderland zone between the Greek civilization and the archaic societies of the Caucasian piedmonta peculiar frontier of the classical era.
Polychrome Style in Mangystau, Kazakhstan
Authors: Astafyev A. E. , Bogdanov E. S.
Published: June 2020

We describe artifacts from a burial from the period of Barbarian Invasions on the northeastern Caspian coast (Mangystau Region, Republic of Kazakhstan), near the contemporaneous settlement of Karakabak. The principal ﬁnds, representing the Shipovo horizon, suggest a date of late 5th to early 6th centuries. They reveal a mixture of Sarmatian and Late Sarmatian features with certain innovations. The origin of the latter is discussed. Metal artifacts belonging to the polychrome style (cloisonné work) make it possible, for the ﬁrst time, to include the Mangystau Peninsula in the distribution range of the “Pontic fashion”. We propose that these artifacts are of local origin, and that the craftsman replicated certain standards without the appropriate tools. The technological characteristics of the pendant and rings had been observed by previous scholars in late Eastern European artifacts associated with the Byzantine school. Their dates (5th–6th centuries) correlate with those of the ﬁfth stylistic group of polychrome artifacts described by I.P. Zasetskaya. Our ﬁndings suggest that Karakabak, a craft and trade center, was the place where Byzantine-style cloisonné artifacts were manufactured. These were supplied to nomadic tribes inhabiting the Aral-Caspian area during the Hun and post-Hun periods.
Metal Artifacts from a Newly Discovered Cemetery in the Severnaya Sosva Basin, Northwestern Siberia
Authors: Rudenko K. A. , Baulo A. V.
Published: June 2020

We describe artifacts from a medieval cemetery near the village of Lyulikary, in the Berezovsky District of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug–Yugra. The village was ﬁrst mentioned in the 14th to 15th centuries, when it was a major trade center on the route from Russia to Siberia. The place adjoining the cemetery and horizons overlying it relate to a medieval sanctuary. Some artifacts were found apart from the burials, near the surface. These include silver and copper decorations, ceremonial ware, and weaponry (a helmet, chain mail, and sabers). We describe round silver pendants representing mounted falconers, and metal shields protecting the wrist. There are also arch-shaped dangle pendants with stone inserts. Because most decorations are gilded and nielloed, and show typical decorative elements, we propose that most were manufactured in the Kama area. On the basis of comparative analysis we conclude that certain decorations, including hinged bracelets, are replicas of late 12th to early 13th century Russian prototypes. The metal ware includes fragments of a 12th century Iranian dish, fragmented goblets, bowls, and dishes, which reveal parallels with Eastern and Western European toreutics. On the basis of these parallels and characteristic features of design, these artifacts are dated to the 13th century.
Bridal Symbols in the Don Cossack Wedding
Authors: Ryblova M. A.
Published: June 2020

This study presents a new interpretation of symbols of the bride-maiden, already known in the Eastern Slavic, speciﬁcally Don Cossack tradition. It is based on ﬁndings of ethnographic expeditions of the 1980s–2000s to areas where Don Cossacks are concentrated, and on 19th-century periodicals published in the Don Region. To interpret the essence and meaning of bridal symbols, ritual practices and folklore texts are integrated, viewing both in the context of two principal passages that the bride undergoes during the wedding: 1) transition from the state of maidenhood to that of a married woman; and 2) transition from one family clan to another. Both transitions are related to the ideas of “beauty” (krasota), supposed to be lost during the ceremony, and “lot” (dolya)—part of the life force and beneﬁts allotted to the bride from her family/clan during the rite and added to the common lot of her new family. Material embodiments of “beauty” (the braid, ribbon, and wreath) can be interpreted as symbols of freedom and virginity. These qualities are lost during the rite, whereas their material symbols are either destroyed or passed on to others. Symbols such as a small tree and twig (referring to the folkloric image of the “garden”) can be related to the idea of “lot”, and rituals in which they feature can be interpreted as a gradual disruption of the braid’s ties with her family clan, deprivation of her familial “lot” (symbolic death), followed by rebirth manifested in the acquisition of a new “lot”—that of a married woman in a new family clan. Existing classiﬁcations of bridal symbols are revised, while new ones are revealed and interpreted.
Celebration of Nowruz in Bukhara and Samarkand in Ritual Practice and Social Discourses (the Second Half of the 19th to Early 20th Centuries)
Authors: Malikov A. M.
Published: June 2020

Celebration of Nowruz across a vast territory from the Ottoman Empire to Xinjiang had both common features and differences. This study focuses on distinctions between the festive traditions of two major cities of the Zerafshan Valley (Bukhara and Samarkand) in the late 1800s and early 1900s, when, after Russia’s annexation of the region, the Nowruz ritual practices were transformed and subjected to critical discourses among theologians and enlighteners. On the basis of unpublished archival sources, memoirs, and studies of Imperial Russian history, I analyze two types of Nowruz: ofﬁcial and folk. In the Emirate of Bukhara, a broad ofﬁcial celebration of Nowruz was started by Emir Muzaffar, who sought to strengthen the image of the Manghit dynasty during the crisis of political legitimacy. This gave rise to disputes among Islamic intellectuals about the need for a large-scale and prolonged celebration of Nowruz, which they felt went beyond the borders of Islamic tradition. In Samarkand, closer contacts between the settled Tajiks and Uzbeks, on the one hand, and the semi-nomadic Turkic-speaking population, on the other, enhanced the synthesis of agricultural and pastoral elements in the ritual practice of Nowruz. The festival was legitimized by prayers at mosques, and visits to the mazars of Muslim saints and to sacred streams. In Samarkand, following its annexation by the Russian Empire, there was no ofﬁcial celebration of Nowruz, and the scale of popular celebration decreased.
Architectural and Archaeological Studies in the Tobolsk Kremlin During the 1950s (Based on Photographic Documents at the Tobolsk Museum-Reserve)
Authors: Balyunov I. V.
Published: June 2020

In the 1950s, large-scale excavations were carried out under the Tobolsk Kremlin restoration project in order to examine its monuments of stone architecture. Published accounts of the ﬁndings are scarce. Valuable sources of information are the photographic archives of the Tobolsk Historical and Architectural Museum-Reserve. Materials include photographs of excavations and photocopies of drafts and plans. Owing to these and certain other sources, it has become possible to say exactly where and how the excavations were conducted, which monuments were detected, and how the ﬁndings were used during the restoration of the kremlin. Several dozen test pits made possible to evaluate the condition of the foundations, their layout, and depth. The most important result of the work carried out under F.G. Dubrovin’s guidance, is the study of late 17th century fortiﬁcations. Owing to numerous reconstructions, they have survived to this day in a rather fragmented state. Large areas of the northern, southern, and eastern fortiﬁcations were revealed, including remains of walls and towers. Their foundations were cleared; their exact location and general layout were assessed.
Trepanations in Sauromato-Sarmatian Crania from the Lower Volga
Authors: Pererva E. V. , Berezina N. Y. , Krivosheev M. V.
Published: June 2020

We describe artiﬁcial openings in crania of the Early Iron Age nomads of the Lower Volga region, owned by the Moscow State University’s Research Institute and Museum of Anthropology. Such openings were found in two male specimens of the Sauromato-Sarmatian age from Bykovo (burial 4, kurgan 13) and Baranovka (burial 2, kurgan 21). Using macroscopic and X-ray examination, we attempt to identify the surgical techniques and the reasons behind the operations. The cranial vault of the Bykovo individual was trepanned by scraping and cutting, for medical purposes. The man survived the surgery, as evidenced by healing. In the case of Baranovka, the operation was performed postmortem or peri-mortem by drilling and cutting, possibly for ritual purposes. Collating these cases with others relating to the Early Iron Age nomadic (Sauromato-Sarmatian) culture of the Lower Volga region and adjacent territories and with written and archaeological sources suggests that the closest parallels come from Central Asia, and Southern and Western Siberia, where the custom of post-mortem ritual trepanations was very common. The surgical techniques practiced in the Lower Volga region were likely due to the penetration of Greek and Roman medical traditions in the mid-ﬁrst millennium BC.
A Case of Surgical Extraction of the Lower Third Molars in a Cranial Series from the Pucará de Tilcara Fortress (Jujuy Province, Argentina)
Authors: Zubova A. V. , Pikhur O. L. , Obodovskiy A. V. , Malyutina A. A. , Dmitrenko L. M. , Chugunova K. S. , Pozdnyakov D. V. , Bessonov V. B.
Published: June 2020

This study analyzes the earliest known case of surgical extraction of the lower third molars, observed in a cranial series from Pucará de Tilcara fortress (15th–16th centuries AD), northwestern Argentina, excavated in 1908–1910. Crania were transported to the Kunstkamera in 1910 under an exchange project. Traces of dental surgery were registered in the mandible of a male aged ~40. Both third molars had been extracted after the removal of soft tissues and parts of the alveoli. Teeth were extracted by scraping alveolar walls with semicircular movements. The results of scanning electron microscopy, X-ray ﬂuorescence, and X-ray microanalysis suggest that a stone tool was used. The results of macroscopic and CT analysis suggest that the surgery was motivated by the exacerbation of chronic periodontal disease and probably by caries. The left third molar was extracted without complications 2–3 months before the individual’s death. On the right side, the pathological process continued, culminating in osteomyelitis and its complications. The surgeon’s skill notwithstanding, the extraction of the right third molar did not cure the patient, who died, apparently following the destructive stage of acute osteomyelitis complicated by orofacial phlegmon. Our ﬁndings suggest that the level of dental surgery practiced in the Inca Empire was ahead of the diagnostic expertise.
Sevilha andando, com “A sevilhana que não se sabia”
Authors: Correia Éverton Barbosa
Published: June 2020

Resumo: Em 1987, quando foi publicada a coleção de poemas de João Cabral de Melo Neto intitulada Crime na Calle Relator, “A sevilhana que não se sabia” era o segundo na ordem de exposição, logo após o poema homônimo ao livro. Aquele poema foi reproduzido como o primeiro da coleção seguinte do autor, intitulada Sevilha andando (1989), ao passo que deixou de figurar nas reedições do livro em que constara de início. Assim, o poema que era de um livro passou a compor outro, exclusivamente, por iniciativa do próprio autor, para quem importava a constituição do artefato estético que o livro vem a ser. Este traço diferencial na trajetória do autor incide retrospectivamente sobre toda sua obra, a partir desse evento marcante que interfere na compreensão do que constitui um livro, seja sua publicação ou a reunião de poemas que demanda uma apreciação particularizada, de caso a caso, dos poemas entrelaçados entre si. Acompanhando a repercussão do poema no contexto da obra poética em pauta, será feito um cotejo entre as edições disponíveis dos volumes implicados para se chegar a uma compreensão mais palpável do poema, perspectivado ao longo daquela produção poética.
Palavras-chave: poesia brasileira moderna; João Cabral de Melo Neto; estilo; editoração.
poética da incerteza de Carlos Drummond de Andrade em “A máquina do mundo”
Authors: Sales Cristiano de , Matos Jordana Silva
Published: June 2020

Resumo: O texto propõe uma leitura do poema “A máquina do mundo”, de Carlos Drummond de Andrade, que demonstra como o homem moderno só pode fazer diferença no mundo se assumir o devir (que entendemos a partir de Nietzsche) e ocupar os instantes de incertezas que o confrontam na estrada pedregosa que é, a rigor, a vida. E, como obra de arte que é, a experiência estética que o poema provoca conduz o leitor não apenas à compreensão do que seja um niilismo moderno, mas, antes, esgarça as hesitações e os limites da própria filosofia que se julga capaz de explicar as contradições do mundo.
Palavras-chave: Carlos Drummond de Andrade; A máquina do mundo; incerteza; niilismo; moderno.
afeto nostálgico em Angústia, de Graciliano Ramos
Authors: Furtado Pedro Barbosa Rudge , Leonel Maria Celia
Published: June 2020

Resumo: Tencionamos, neste artigo, demonstrar que o afeto nostálgico é basilar na composição da forma/conteúdo de Angústia (2011), de Graciliano Ramos. A fim de examinarmos a edificação de tal sentimento no romance em questão, investigamos como a forma/conteúdo de Angústia constrói tensões ontológicas provenientes dos afetos da profunda tristeza. Para isso, fazemos uso tanto de textos críticos sobre essa narrativa, como os de Luís Bueno (2015), Rui Mourão (1971), Lúcia Helena Carvalho (1983) etc, quanto de estudos que embasam historicamente a construção do afeto nostálgico, e suas relações com a melancolia, por meio, especialmente, d’A tinta da melancolia (2015), de Jean Starobinki, A política da nostalgia, de Marcos Piason Natali (2006) e “A potência estética da nostalgia”, de André Antônio Barbosa (2019). A nossa exegese mostrou que a figuração da inadaptabilidade de Luís da Silva, erigida, entre outros recursos, pelo incessante vai-e-vem temporal do discurso, não é fruto tão somente de conflitos históricos; ela deriva, também, da representação dos conflitos psicológicos, altamente subjetivos, alimentados pelo grave sentimento nostálgico, alicerçando o trágico mal-estar do protagonista.
Palavras-chave: Angústia; Graciliano Ramos; narrativa; nostalgia; inadaptabilidade.
cemitérios autárquicos em poemas de João Cabral de Melo Neto
Authors: Borsato Fabiane Renata
Published: June 2020

Resumo: João Cabral de Melo Neto tematizou a morte em muitos de seus poemas, além do conhecido Morte e vida severina. É notória a presença de poemas sobre a morte individual de artistas e toureiros; a morte coletiva fortemente ligada à exploração do indivíduo na sociedade latifundiária do nordeste brasileiro; a morte conceitual, de veio metapoético, encontrada na seção “A indesejada das gentes”, da obra Agrestes. No âmbito dos muitos poemas que tematizam a morte, encontram-se aqueles que apresentam a imagem do cemitério como espaço significativo para a compreensão dos discursos sobre a recorrente indigência nordestina. Este trabalho pretende compreender o modo de problematização da imagem cemiterial do nordeste do Brasil e as estratégias poéticas empregadas para dar a ver os cemitérios e seus alicerces sustentados em fortes desigualdades sociais. Para isso, propõe-se o estudo de um mecanismo de composição poética baseado na “discussão de imagens”, conforme o próprio Cabral o nomeou, e entendido por Benedito Nunes (1971, p. 109) como “textura prismática da composição”. De acordo com este procedimento, o ato compositivo de João Cabral envolveria seleção e desdobramento de uma imagem em várias outras formas e imagens, objetivando acréscimo de perspectivas, maior clareza, concreção e profundidade significativa da linguagem. Espera-se, após estudo da imagem dos cemitérios nordestinos, fundamentar a hipótese de que Cabral, na prática de retomadas de temas e imagens, apresenta um projeto poético de denúncia das formas de fortalecimento da indústria da seca no nordeste do Brasil.
Palavras-chave: poesia brasileira; João Cabral de Melo Neto; cemitérios; discussão de imagem.
Recife
Authors: Godoy José Roberto Araújo de
Published: June 2020

Resumo: O presente artigo pretende investigar a influência do poeta e engenheiro calculista Joaquim Cardozo na obra de João Cabral de Melo Neto, reconstituindo o percurso dessa relação iniciada no Recife, no final dos anos 1930, e seus desdobramentos ao longo de mais de quatro décadas na produção cabralina. Espelhamentos e antagonismos serão ainda cotejados a partir da análise de poemas de ambos os poetas, em especial o modo como Cabral passa a articular elementos memorialísticos, representações do Recife e referências a Joaquim Cardozo em sua poética a partir de O engenheiro (1945).
Palavras-chave: João Cabral de Melo Neto; Joaquim Cardozo; Recife; Poesia Brasileira.
Apresentação
Authors: Porrúa Ana , Ribeiro Gusavo Silveira , Siscar Marcos
Published: June 2020

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“Meu caro Domingos” – as cartas de João Cabral para Domingos Carvalho da Silva
Authors: Bastos Laíse Ribas , Camargo Maria Lucia de Barros
Published: June 2020

Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar um conjunto de cartas (inéditas) enviadas pelo poeta João Cabral de Melo Neto ao também poeta e editor Domingos Carvalho da Silva, procurando identificar e investigar as nuances e singularidades da perspectiva crítica em relação à então conhecida “Geração de 45”. A partir da conversa estabelecida entre os poetas nas cartas, e tendo em vista, portanto, a leitura e análise da correspondência passiva de Domingos Carvalho da Silva, em um período que abrange o final da década de 1940 até a década de 1960, é possível verificar a configuração de uma história paralela à já conhecida em torno dos “poetas de 45”, e perpassar todo esse período, ressignificá-lo na perspectiva de um pensamento que se faz, também, com a poesia.
Palavras-chave: Poesia brasileira; geração de 45; correspondência; João Cabral de Melo Neto; Domingos Carvalho da Silva.
incômodo do tempo em João Cabral de Melo Neto
Authors: Nuernberger Renan
Published: June 2020

Resumo: Este artigo aborda a meditação sobre o tempo implicada no projeto poético de João Cabral de Melo Neto. Partindo de algumas considerações teóricas do próprio poeta, propõe-se uma análise de sua obra, enfatizando as mudanças na formulação do embate entre o anseio de permanência de sua poética mineral e os efeitos transformadores da passagem do tempo. Se é verdade que, em poemas como “Pequena ode mineral”, a racionalidade construtiva aspira a uma forma absolutamente estável que se daria “fora do tempo”, este artigo pretende demonstrar que, em outros momentos, a poesia de Cabral parece problematizar internamente essa estabilidade, colocando à prova seus próprios pressupostos estéticos.
Palavras-chave: João Cabral de Melo Neto; poesia moderna; tempo.
¿Y, quién cuida a los cuidadores?. Un enfoque de la investigación acción participativa
Authors: López Hernández Enrique
Published: June 2020

Introducción: La Investigación Acción Participativa (IAP) pretende ser un puente hacia formas más satisfactorias de explicación de la realidad cotidiana, y herramienta de acción para transformarla.

Objetivo: Conocer la percepción de las personas que atienden a jóvenes con capacidades diferentes, acerca de los efectos que les provoca su quehacer profesional, en un análisis comparativo entre dos asociaciones.

Métodos: Se realizó una Investigación Acción Participativa, con alcance hasta diagnóstico, en dos agrupaciones que brindan servicio a jóvenes con capacidades diferentes, en marzo de 2018. El diseño fue transversal, no experimental y de campo. Como instrumento se utilizó una simple hoja de papel y un bolígrafo, precedido por un video introductorio y la proyección de imágenes alusivas (foto papel) al tema de la discapacidad. Durante la proyección del foto papel, se pidió a los participantes que escribieran lo primero que viniera a su mente al observar cada imagen, explicando posteriormente el porqué de su texto.

Resultados: La percepción de los profesores, en ambas agrupaciones y sobre sus actividades ocupacionales, fue eminentemente emocional.

Conclusiones: La percepción que tienen los intervinientes sobre sus actividades ocupacionales, es básicamente afectiva, lo que puede provocarles efectos en su salud mental. Se requiere continuar la investigación para promover la idea de que ellos mismos encuentren una alternativa que permita que sus emociones no se desborden en perjuicio de su salud.
Percepción social de los presuntos perpetradores de acoso psicológico en el trabajo desde el punto de vista de sus diferentes actores
Authors: Torres-Lopez Teresa Margarita , Acosta Martin , Parra-Osorio Liliana , Díaz-Espinoza Dina Georgina
Published: June 2020

Objetivo: Analizar la percepción social de los perpetradores de acoso psicológico en el trabajo desde el punto de vista de sus diferentes actores: víctimas, testigos y acosadores.

Metodos: Estudio fenomenológico realizado con entrevistas en profundidad.

Resultados: Los acosadores mostraron una autopercepción favorable, basada en lo académico, la normatividad y en su puesto directivo. Algunos se auto identificaron como acosadores, otros consideraron que sus acciones pueden malinterpretarse como acoso y otros no reconocieron ser acosadores. Los testigos los visualizaron como personas atractivas con capacidades intelectuales y personales calificadas de positivas o negativas. Las víctimas destacaron sólo aspectos negativos.

Conclusiones: La personalidad individual en forma aislada no es suficiente para explicar el acoso, se debe considerar el contexto organizacional, económico y político
Acontecimientos vitales estresantes en enfermeras de una Institución de segundo nivel de atención, Veracruz, México
Authors: Lavoignet Acosta Blanca Judith , Cruz Núñez Fabiola , Rodríguez Cruz Dora Luz , Santes Saavedra Guadalupe
Published: June 2020

Introducción: Causas ambientales, psíquicas o sociales pueden generar estrés en el individuo y su familia. Estos factores alcanzan la categoría de acontecimientos vitales estresantes (AVE) cuando son percibidos como negativos o no deseados y cuando se acompañan de un cambio vital.

Objetivo: Analizar los acontecimientos vitales estresantes (AVE) en enfermeras de una Institución de segundo nivel de atención, Veracruz, México.

Métodos: Estudio de corte cuantitativo con tipo de estudio, descriptivo, transversal y correlacional. Muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia, la muestra fue de 55 enfermeras, se seleccionó utilizando el consentimiento informado y la participación voluntaria. Se utilizó la Escala de Estrés o Reajuste Social de Holmes y Rahe que valora 43 AVE, y un cuestionario ad hoc para los datos sociolaborales. Análisis estadístico de tipo descriptivo e inferencial, en el primero se obtuvieron frecuencias y porcentajes y en el segundo se utilizó Ji2 para obtener la significancia estadística (p) de las variables.

Resultados: Las enfermeras en un 51% no presentan problemas importantes de estrés, pero el resto si sufre crisis de estrés.

Conclusiones: Las variables sociolaborales mantienen relación estadística con las AVE y el nivel de estrés.
Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Psychometric Properties of Quality of Life Scales for Arabic-Speaking Adults: A systematic review
Authors: Al Maqbali Mohammed , Gracey Jackie , Rankin Jane , Dunwoody Lynn , Hacker Eileen , Hughes Ciara
Published: June 2020

This review aimed to explore the psychometric properties of quality of life (QOL) scales to identify appropriate tools for research and clinical practice in Arabic-speaking adults. A systematic search of the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature® (EBSCO Information Services, Ipswich, Massachusetts, USA), MEDLINE® (National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA), EMBASE (Elsevier, Amsterdam, Netherlands) and PsycINFO (American Psychological Association, Washington, District of Columbia, USA) databases was conducted according to Preferred Reporting Items Systematic Reviews and Meta- Analysis guidelines. Quality assessment criteria were then utilised to evaluate the psychometric properties of identified QOL scales. A total of 27 studies relating to seven QOL scales were found. While these studies provided sufficient information regarding the scales’ validity and reliability, not all reported translation and cross-cultural adaptation processes. Researchers and clinicians should consider whether the psychometric properties, subscales and characteristics of their chosen QOL scale are suitable for use in their population of interest.Keywords: Quality of Life; Cross-Cultural Comparison; Translations; Psychometrics; Validity and Reliability; Surveys and Questionnaires; Systematic Review.
Role of Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 4 Channel in Skin Physiology and Pathology
Authors: Boudaka Ammar , Al-Yazeedi Mallak , Al-Lawati Intisar
Published: June 2020

Transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) channel responds to temperature, as well as various mechanical and chemical stimuli. This non-selective cation channel is expressed in several organs, including the blood vessels, kidneys, oesophagus and skin. In the skin, TRPV4 channel is present in various cell types such as keratinocytes, melanocytes and sensory neurons, as well as immune and inflammatory cells, and engages in several physiological actions, from skin homeostasis to sensation. In addition, there is substantial evidence implicating dysfunctional TRPV4 channel—in the form of either deficient or excessive channel activity—in pathological cutaneous conditions such as skin barrier compromise, pruritus, pain, skin inflammation and carcinogenesis. These varied functions, combined with the fact that TRPV4 channel owns pharmacologically-accessible sites, make this channel an attractive therapeutic target for skin disorders. In this review, we summarize the different physiological and pathophysiological effects of TRPV4 in the skin.Keywords: TRPV4; Skin; Epidermis; Keratinocytes; Pain; Pruritis; Melanoma.
Why the Economic Aspects of Healthcare are not Unique
Authors: Chambers Stephen
Published: June 2020

Frequent claims suggest that healthcare and its production are not only different from other goods, but that they differ to such an extent that healthcare should be viewed as unique. Various features of healthcare, such as the lack of a perfect market and the existence of information asymmetry, are cited as evidence of this claim. However, such a view results from unduly emphasising the characteristics of healthcare as being atypical. This article redresses this imbalance by taking an alternative approach and examines the ways in which the economic aspects of healthcare are similar to those of other goods. It was found that the differential aspects are less distinctive than claimed and the economic aspects of healthcare are not unique.Keywords: Healthcare Sector; Medical Economics; Economic Competition; Competitive Behavior; State Medicine; Insurance Selection Bias; Patient Participation; Health Services Research.
Outcomes of the National Head and Neck Cancer Awareness and Screening Campaign in Oman
Authors: Al-Dhahli Zaina , Al-Sheibani Salma M. , Al-Kalbani Faisal , Hyder Jamil
Published: June 2020

Objectives: The prognosis of head and neck cancer (HNC) depends substantially on disease stage at the time of diagnosis. Unfortunately, the majority of HNC patients present at relatively late stages. In Oman, a national screening campaign was conducted to increase public awareness of HNC and encourage early detection. This study aimed to report the outcomes of that campaign. Methods: The campaign took the form of biannual events conducted at a tertiary care centre and in public malls in Muscat, Oman from April 2015 to July 2019. Data were collected from participants using the Head and Neck Cancer Alliance screening form. Otolaryngologists and oral maxillofacial surgeons performed a thorough physical evaluation of the head and neck region. Results: Of the 1,500 individuals visiting the hospital and malls during the campaign events, a total of 509 agreed to undergo screening (response rate: 33.9%). Of these, 12.8% had positive screening results and 5.9% required further evaluation. However, none of the cases with suspicious findings were found to be malignant after a thorough evaluation. Overall, 16.9% of the participants were aware of the early signs of HNC; in addition, 5.5% knew how to perform an oral self-examination. Conclusion: Screening is a simple and safe method for the prevention and early detection of HNC. Mass screening and public awareness programmes may help to reduce the burden of this disease in Oman.Keywords: Head and Neck Cancer; Early Detection of Cancer; Mass Screening; Knowledge; Health Risk Behaviors; Oman.
Awareness of Breast Cancer Risk Factors, Symptoms and Breast Self-Examination Among Omani Female Teachers: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Al-Ismaili Zuweina , Al-Nasri Khalid , Al-Yaqoobi Amal , Al-Shukaili Ahmed
Published: June 2020

Objectives: This study aimed to assess knowledge of breast cancer (BC) risk factors, warning signs and symptoms and breast self-examination (BSE) practice among Omani female teachers in Al-Dhahira Governorate. Methods: A cross-sectional sample of female teachers aged 20–50 years was collected from January to December 2018 from three wilayats (provinces) in Al-Dhahira—Ibri, Dhank and Yunqal. A questionnaire that included the Breast Cancer Awareness Scale and demographic characteristics was administered. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, regression analysis and Pearson’s Chi-square test. Results: A total of 478 female teachers were included in the study (response rate: 72.4%). The majority of participants (60.5%) had good overall knowledge about BC while 19.9% of participants had excellent overall knowledge. Only 9% of participants demonstrating excellent knowledge of BC risk factors. More than half of the participants (56.1%) reported excellent knowledge in screening methods. Unfortunately, only 57% of the female teachers indicated practising BSE. Knowledge of BC symptoms was closely divided between excellent and good levels (45.8 and 42.5%, respectively). BSE practice was significantly (P <0.05) correlated with overall knowledge of BC and its symptoms and screening methods, but not with knowledge of BC risk factors. Conclusion: This study revealed unsatisfactory overall knowledge of BC risk factors, symptoms, screening methods and BSE practice among female Omani teachers in Al-Dhahira Governorate. These findings constitute a challenge to healthcare providers to continue developing awareness of BC and providing health information to the public.Keywords: Breast Cancer; Awareness; Knowledge; Breast Self-Examination; Risk factors; Signs and Symptoms; Oman.