bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Embryonic Development of Bhakur Catla catla Hamilton 1822 (Cyprinidae)
Authors: Tumbahangfe J. , Subba Bharat Raj , Jha S. K.
Published: March 2015

The present study was carried out to investigate the embryonic development of Bhakur, Catla catla. The incubation period of Bhakur was found to be 13 hrs of post fertilization at 30±1oC of water temperature. The present work generated some important information on the early life history and developmental stages of Bhakur in Nepal. This study will help the fishery biologist in understanding the developmental biology of the fish, which might be of great use to take appropriate steps for the sustainable development of the culture, management, and production of indigenous breeds required for fish culture in Nepal climatic condition.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/on.v12i1.12257Our Nature (2014), 12(1):49-53
Vanishing Acts: Sarah Kane’s Texts for Performance and Postdramatic Theatre
Authors: Roberts Matthew
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACT:

Written as texts for performance, Sarah Kane’s Crave and 4.48 Psychosis challenge the traditional dichotomy between dramatic literature and performance and reveal that the concept of presence often determines the authority that is invested either in performance or in text whenever the two are opposed. If we take Hans-Thies Lehmann’s elucidation of the “performance text” seriously, Kane’s notion of a text for performance provides the opportunity to rethink the text from within a postdramatic context, naming how complex aesthetic variables (including, but not limited to, printed content) interact to create a theatrical work. Yet, while performance influenced Kane’s effort to make theatre, her last two works question more traditional conceptualizations of performance as a present event that may refer to life itself. Kane, therefore, offers an opportunity to rethink performance postdramatically, whereby performance may be defined as the assemblage of a text that gives time and space to present life’s deferral.
Who Receives Rehabilitation in Canadian Long-Term Care Facilities? A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: McArthur Caitlin , Hirdes John , Berg Katherine , Giangregorio Lora
Published: March 2015

Purpose: To describe the proportion of residents receiving occupational therapy (OT) and physical therapy (PT) and the factors associated with receiving PT in long-term care (LTC) facilities across five provinces and one territory in Canada. Methods: Using a population-based, retrospective analysis of cross-sectional data, the proportion of LTC facility residents in each province or territory receiving three different amounts (time and frequency) of PT, OT, or both before July 1, 2013, was calculated according to the Resource Utilization Groups–III rehabilitation classifications. Twenty-three variables from the Resident Assessment Instrument 2.0, such as age and cognition, were examined as correlates; those significant at p<0.01 were included in a multivariate logistic regression. Results: Between 63.7% and 88.6% of residents did not receive any PT or OT; 0.8%–12.6% received both PT and OT; 5.8%–29.5% received an unspecified amount of PT; 1.9%–7.0% received 45 minutes or more of PT 3 days or more per week; and fewer than 1% received 150 minutes or more of PT on 5 or more days per week. Province, age, cognitive status, depression, clinical status, fracture, multiple sclerosis, and self-rated potential for improvement were associated with PT irrespective of time intensity. Conclusions: The proportion of LTC residents receiving rehabilitation services varies across Canada and appears to be associated with physical impairments and the potential for improvement; older residents with cognitive impairment or mood disorders are less likely to receive rehabilitation services. Future recommendations should consider what is driving the patterns of service use, determine whether the resources available are appropriate, and address the most appropriate goals for residents in LTC.
Intercropping chili with sweet gourd at varying plant population
Authors: Alom MS , Islam MN , Biswas M , Talukdar AHMM Rahman , Masud MAT
Published: March 2015

The experiment was conducted at the experiment stations of Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI) at Joydebpur and Jamalpur during two consecutive seasons of November 2010 to June 2012 to find out the appropriate plant population of chili (var. Manikgonj local at Joydebpur and Jamalpur local at Jamalpur ) for intercropping with sweet gourd (var. BARI Sweet gourd 2) for higher productivity and economic return. The treatments were : T1= Sole sweet gourd (2.0 m x 2.0 m), T2=Sole chili (50 cm x 40 cm), T3= Sweet gourd (100%) + chili (100%), T4= Sweet gourd (100%) + chili (60%), T5= Sweet gourd (100%) +chili (50%) and T6= Sweet gourd (100%) + Chili (40%). Averaged over the years, fruit yield of sweet gourd was reduced significantly when intercropping with more than 50% chili. Intercropping sweet gourd with chili combination (100%) + chili (40%) gave the highest sweet gourd equivalent yield (35.74 t/ha and 17.95 t/ha), gross return (Tk. 357400/ha and Tk. 179500/ha), gross margin (Tk. 274346/ha and Tk.124600/ha) and benefit cost ratio (4.30 and 3.27), respectively at Joydebpur and Jamalpur. The maximum land equivalent ratio (1.52 at Joydebpur and 1.56 at Jamalpur) was also obtained from sweet gourd (100%) + chili (40%) intercropping system. The results revealed that 40% chili population (20,000/ha) might be optimum for intercropping with sweet gourd (100%) for higher productivity and economic return. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v39i4.22533 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 39(4): 579-589, December 2014
A comparative study of using formalin in fish of Tangail and Tongi town
Authors: Bari Luthfunnesa , Islam M Ariful , Ferdous Zannatul , Azman M Atiqul , Khatun Shahanaz , Hossain Md Imam
Published: March 2015

Context: Recent reports of media have brought great attention to the problem of formalin used by whole sellers and venders in preserving fish. It is evident from several studies that fish items in different markets in Bangladesh are treated with formalin for preservation which is highly hazardous and carcinogenic chemical. Objectives: The study was undertaken to determine the presence of formalin in fishes collected from various wet markets of Tangail and Tongi town. Materials and Methods: From 12 selected wet markets, various species of fishes were collected and presence of formalin was detected using the formalin detection kit in fish developed by Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR). Results: It was found that 16 fishes were formalin contaminated out of 192 fish samples in which 0% in Santosh bazar, 11.11% in Soi ani bazar, 13.33% in Park bazar, 14.81% in Old bus stand bazar, 0% in Chara bari bazar and 12.82% in New bus stand bazar of Tangail town. On the other hand, 33 formalin contaminated fish out of 171 were obtained in which 0% in Coto bazar, 20% in Gazipura bus stand bazar, 37.5% in Chourasta bazar, 0% in Boro bari bazar, 36.36% in CheragAli bazar and 20% in Tongi bazar of Tongi town. The study indicates that almost 8.33% of fish samples in Tangail town and 19.29% of fish samples in Tongi town were formalin contaminated. Conclusion: The present study revealed that in Tangail town 75% imported fish and 25% local fishes were formalin contaminated whereas in Tongi town, 82% imported fishes and 18% local fishes were formalin contaminated. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbs.v21i0.22518 J. bio-sci. 21: 43-49, 2013
Susceptibility of foodborne Pathogens and Spoilage Microorganisms to seed extracts of Citrullus Vulgaris and Citrus Reticulata
Authors: Omogbai BA , Ahonsi GM
Published: March 2015

Context: The importance of herbs in the management of food borne pathogens and spoilage organisms is of current interest since many plant components are bioactive and relatively safe when taken. Plant parts of Citrus reticulata and Citrullus vulgaris are used in herbal therapy in some parts of the world. Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the susceptibility of foodborne pathogens and spoilage microorganisms to seed extracts of Citrus reticulata and Citrullus vulgaris. Materials and Methods: The antimicrobial effect of ethanol and hot water extracts of C reticulata and C vulgaris seeds were studied using agar well diffusion technique. Minimum inhibitory concentration was performed using the modified tube dilution technique. The extracts were assayed on pure cultures of Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Aspergillus flavus. Results: Extracts tested at various concentrations produced in-vitro antimicrobial activities against foodborne isolates of B subtilis, S aureus, S typhi, E coli, S cerevisiae and A flavus. The highest zone of inhibition was obtained from ethanol extract at 4000?g/ml against B subtilis with diameter of 25mm for C reticulata. The lowest zone of inhibition of 10mm was obtained for E coli at 4000g/ml for the hot water extract of C vulgaris. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the water extract of C reticulata and C vulgaris seeds ranged between 125-2000?g/ml. The MIC of the ethanol extract of the seeds of both plants was in the range 62.5-1000?g/ml.Comparatively, the ethanol extract of the seeds were more potent than the hot aqueous extract. The percent killing of the ethanol extract at 2000?g/ml was higher for C reticulata (45.6-100%) compared to that of C vulgaris (35.6-87.5). Conclusion: The results show that the ethanol extracts of Citrus reticulata and Citrullus vulgaris have potentential application for shelf life extension and as a pharmaceutical preparation. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbs.v21i0.22520 J. bio-sci. 21: 61-68, 2013
Revisiting Ibn Mujāhid's Position on the Seven Canonical Readings: Ibn ʿĀmir's Problematic Reading of kun fa-yakūna
Authors: Hekmat Nasser Shady
Published: March 2015

In this article, I argue that Ibn Mujāhid (d. 324/936) approached the variant readings of the Qur'an (qirāʾāt) from the perspective of legal rulings (aḥkām) as opposed to later scholars who treated qirāʾāt as ḥadīth transmissions. I also suggest that the concept of the tawātur of the seven (and ten) canonical Readings was invented in the post-Ibn Mujāhid era but retroactively projected onto his system. To support this argument, I carry out a structural comparison between Ibn Mujāhid's Kitāb al-Sabʿa fī’l-qirāʾāt and al-Ṭabarī’s Ikhtilāf al-fuqahāʾ. I then discuss the literature of ʿilal al-qirāʾāt (‘the justification/vindication of the Qur'anic Readings’), and demonstrate with three detailed examples Ibn Mujāhid's pragmatic approach to the variant readings of the Qur'an, one which is fundamentally distinct from the ideological views of later Muslim scholars.
Distributed Consensus for Metamorphic Systems Using a GossipAlgorithm for CAT(0) Metric Spaces
Authors: Bellachehab Anass
Published: March 2015

We present an application of distributed consensus algorithms to metamorphic systems. A metamorphic system is a set of identical units that can self-assemble to form a rigid structure. For instance, one can think of a robotic arm composed of multiple links connected by joints. The system can change its shape in order to adapt to different environments via reconfiguration of its constituting units. We assume in this work that several metamorphic systems form a network: two systems are connected whenever they are able to communicate with each other. The aim of this paper is to propose a distributed algorithm that synchronizes all of the systems in the network. Synchronizing means that all of the systems should end up having the same configuration. This aim is achieved in two steps: (i) we cast the problem as a consensus problem on a metric space; and (ii) we use a recent distributed consensus algorithm that only makes use of metrical notions.
Analysis of the Magnetocaloric Effect in Heusler Alloys: Study of Ni50CoMn36Sn13 by Calorimetric Techniques
Authors: Palacios Elias , Bartolomé Juan , Wang Gaofeng , Burriel Ramon , Skokov Konstantin , Taskaev Sergey , Khovaylo Vladimir
Published: March 2015

Direct determinations of the isothermal entropy increment, \(-\Delta S_T\), in the Heusler alloy Ni\(_{50}\)CoMn\(_{36}\)Sn\(_{13}\) on demagnetization gave positive values, corresponding to a normal magnetocaloric effect. These values contradict the results derived from heat-capacity measurements and also previous results obtained from magnetization measurements, which indicated an inverse magnetocaloric effect, but showing different values depending on the technique employed. The puzzle is solved, and the apparent incompatibilities are quantitatively explained considering the hysteresis, the width of the martensitic transition and the detailed protocol followed to obtain each datum. The results show that these factors should be analyzed in detail when dealing with Heusler alloys.
Heat Recovery from High Temperature Slags: A Review of Chemical Methods
Authors: Sun Yongqi , Zhang Zuotai , Liu Lili , Wang Xidong
Published: March 2015

Waste heat recovery from high temperature slags represents the latest potential way to remarkably reduce the energy consumption and CO2 emissions of the steel industry. The molten slags, in the temperature range of 1723–1923 K, carry large amounts of high quality energy. However, the heat recovery from slags faces several fundamental challenges, including their low thermal conductivity, inside crystallization, and discontinuous availability. During past decades, various chemical methods have been exploited and performed including methane reforming, coal and biomass gasification, and direct compositional modification and utilization of slags. These methods effectively meet the challenges mentioned before and help integrate the steel industry with other industrial sectors. During the heat recovery using chemical methods, slags can act as not only heat carriers but also as catalysts and reactants, which expands the field of utilization of slags. Fuel gas production using the waste heat accounts for the main R&D trend, through which the thermal heat in the slag could be transformed into high quality chemical energy in the fuel gas. Moreover, these chemical methods should be extended to an industrial scale to realize their commercial application, which is the only way by which the substantial energy in the slags could be extracted, i.e., amounting to 16 million tons of standard coal in China.
Novel Cholesterol-Based Cationic Lipids as Transfecting Agents of DNA for Efficient Gene Delivery
Authors: Ju Jia , Huan Meng-Lei , Wan Ning , Qiu Hai , Zhou Si-Yuan , Zhang Bang-Le
Published: March 2015

The design, synthesis and biological evaluation of the cationic lipid gene delivery vectors based on cholesterol and natural amino acids lysine or histidine are described. Cationic liposomes composed of the newly synthesized cationic lipids 1a or 1b and neutral lipid DOPE (1,2-dioleoyl-l-α-glycero-3-phosphatidyl-ethanolamine) exhibited good transfection efficiency. pEGFP-N1 plasmid DNA was transferred into 293T cells by cationic liposomes formed from cationic lipids 1a and 1b, and the transfection activity of the cationic lipids was superior (1a) or parallel (1b) to that of the commercially available 3β-[N-(N',N'-dimethylaminoethyl)-carbamoyl] cholesterol (DC-Chol) derived from the same cholesterol backbone with different head groups. Combined with the results of agarose gel electrophoresis, transfection experiments with various molar ratios of the cationic lipids and DOPE and N/P (+/−) molar charge ratios, a more effective formulation was formed, which could lead to relatively high transfection efficiency. Cationic lipid 1a represents a potential agent for the liposome used in gene delivery due to low cytotoxicity and impressive gene transfection activity.
Formulation of the Effect of Different Alloying Elements on the Tensile Strength of the in situ Al-Mg2Si Composites
Authors: Kurt Halil , Oduncuoglu Murat
Published: March 2015

In this paper, the effect of different alloying elements on the ultimate tensile strength of Al-Mg2Si composites is theoretically studied. The feed forward back propagation neural network with sigmoid function is used. The extensive experimental results taken from literature are modeled and mathematical formula is presented in explicit form. In addition, it is observed that magnesium and copper have a stronger effect on the ultimate tensile strength of Al-Mg2Si composites comparison to other alloying elements. The proposed model shows good agreement with test results and can be used to find the ultimate tensile strength of Al-Mg2Si composites.
Augustine’s De Musica in the 21st Century Music Classroom
Authors: MacInnis John
Published: March 2015

Augustine’s De musica is all that remains of his ambitious plan to write a cycle of works describing each of the liberal arts in terms of Christian faith and is actually unfinished; whereas the six books extant today primarily examine rhythm, Augustine intended to write about melody also. The sixth book of De musica was better known in late Antiquity and the Middle Ages than the first five, and it takes up philosophical questions of aesthetics related to the proportionate ordering discernable throughout creation. After a brief introduction summarizing De musica’s content and its importance in subsequent Christian writings, my presentation outlines and explains how I have used this document in my own music classes. For example, my students learn that a vital notion in Augustine’s writings, and in Neoplatonism more broadly, is the spiritual benefit of academic study. That is, through study of music, one gains insight into the created order, but, more importantly, one’s soul is strengthened and trained to perceive higher realities of the cosmos such as the ordering of the planetary spheres and the progression of celestial hierarchies, which span the spiritual distance from God to humanity.
Life Cycle Based Evaluation of Environmental and Economic Impacts of Agricultural Productions in the Mediterranean Area
Authors: Tamburini Elena , Pedrini Paola , Marchetti Maria , Fano Elisa , Castaldelli Giuseppe
Published: March 2015

In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) applied to estimate the cradle-to-grave environmental impact of agricultural products or processes. Furthermore, including in the analysis an economic evaluation, from the perspective of an integrated life cycle approach, appears nowadays as a fundamental improvement. In particular, Life Cycle Costing (LCC), is a method that could integrate financial data and cost information with metrics of life cycle approaches. In this study, LCA in conjunction with LCC methods were used, with the aim to evaluate the main cost drivers—environmental and economic—of five widely diffused and market-valued agricultural productions (organic tomato and pear, integrated wheat, apple and chicory) and to combine the results in order to understand the long-term externalities impacts of agricultural productions. Data obtained in local assessment show a wide margin of improvement of resources management at farms level in the short-term, but also allow for the investigation of future effects of environmental impacts not expressed in product price on the market. Reaching a real sustainable model for agriculture could be a value added approach firstly for farmers, but also for all the people who live in rural areas or use agricultural products.
Social Investment, Economic Growth and Labor Market Performance: Case Study—Romania
Authors: Ștefănescu-Mihăilă Ramona
Published: March 2015

A few years have passed since the financial crisis began with the bankruptcy of the American Lehman Brothers bank and few dare predict the moment when we will overcome the crisis. Chaotic human resource policy in the Romanian economy and complex taxation have lowered our chances to overcome it. Excessive income tax, massive layoffs, not always dictated by real needs in the private sector, hesitation in the government regarding the reorganization of an oversized public sector and the low productivity are only some obstacles in overcoming the crisis. People are a very important factor in the production process and in the success of a company. It is essential that modern organizations rethink their strategies, make long-term investments, and invest in people. Success and survival on the market greatly depend on the understanding of these facts and managers must be aware of their importance.
Plant Compounds Enhance the Assay Sensitivity for Detection of Active Bacillus cereus Toxin
Authors: Rasooly Reuven , Hernlem Bradley , He Xiaohua , Friedman Mendel
Published: March 2015

Bacillus cereus is an important food pathogen, producing emetic and diarrheal syndromes, the latter mediated by enterotoxins. The ability to sensitively trace and identify this active toxin is important for food safety. This study evaluated a nonradioactive, sensitive, in vitro cell-based assay, based on B. cereus toxin inhibition of green fluorescent protein (GFP) synthesis in transduced monkey kidney Vero cells, combined with plant extracts or plant compounds that reduce viable count of B. cereus in food. The assay exhibited a dose dependent GFP inhibition response with ~25% inhibition at 50 ng/mL toxin evaluated in culture media or soy milk, rice milk or infant formula, products associated with food poisonings outbreak. The plant extracts of green tea or bitter almond and the plant compounds epicatechin or carvacrol were found to amplify the assay response to ~90% inhibition at the 50 ng/mL toxin concentration greatly increasing the sensitivity of this assay. Additional studies showed that the test formulations also inhibited the growth of the B. cereus bacteria, likely through cell membrane disruption. The results suggest that the improved highly sensitive assay for the toxin and the rapid inactivation of the pathogen producing the toxin have the potential to enhance food safety.
Un traité de polémique christiano-arabe contre les Juifs attribué à « Abraham de Tibériade »
Authors: Vajda Georges
Published: March 2015

Cet article analyse une pièce inédite et incomplète copiée dans le manuscrit arabe 4924 de la collection Chester-Beatty à Dublin : c'est un dialogue fictif, situé à Jérusalem, entre un moine chrétien et des Juifs, composé probablement dans un milieu monastique nestorien au plus tôt vers la seconde moitié du Xe siècle. Outre les testimonia agencés pour les besoins de la cause, l'opuscule fait état, argument assez banal lui aussi, de la déchéance sociale des Juifs.

Les citations bibliques mises en œuvre posent des problèmes textuels non entièrement résolus.
La « Section de l'Humanisme » à l'Institut de Recherche et d'Histoire des Textes
Authors: Bayle Édith
Published: March 2015

La Section de l'Humanisme, créée en 1954 par Mlle Vielliard, a reçu pour mission de « rassembler une documentation bio-bibliographique sur les humanistes de tous les pays, du XIVe au XVIIe siècle ».

Elle rassemble dans son « Répertoire des humanistes » des données biographiques et bibliographiques concernant plus de 30.000 personnages. Elle assure depuis 1966 la rédaction de la « Bibliographie internationale de l'Humanisme et de la Renaissance » avec la collaboration d'un nombre croissant de pays.

Elle participe, avec l'accord de la Direction générale des Bibliothèques, à un projet de « Recensement des livres anciens des bibliothèques françaises », objet de la R. G. P. 207 du C. N. R. S. Elle étudie l'emploi d'un ordinateur, pour préparer un catalogue collectif de livres anciens, et s'attache aux problèmes de classification notionnelle.
Perioperative risk factors for surgical site infection in tibial tuberosity advancement: 224 stifles
Authors: Yap F. W. , Smith K.D. , Parkin T. , Calvo I.
Published: March 2015

Objective: To examine perioperative factors affecting surgical site infection (SSI) rate following tibial tuberosity advancement (TTA).

Study design: Retrospective case series.

Sample population: 224 stifles in 186 dogs.

Methods: Medical records of dogs that underwent TTA in a single institution were reviewed. Information on signalment anaesthetic and surgical parameters, as well as occurrence of SSI was recorded. Dogs were followed for a minimum of three months postoperatively. The association between perioperative factors and SSI was assessed using

Chi-squared tests and binary logistic regression.

Results: The prevalence of SSI was 5.3% (12/224 TTA). Surgical time (p = 0.02) and anaesthesia time (p = 0.03) were significantly associated with SSI. For every minute increase in surgical time and anaesthesia time, the likelihood of developing SSI increased by seven percent and four percent respectively. The use of postoperative antimicrobial therapy was not significantly associated with lower SSI (p = 0.719). Implants were removed in 1.3% of cases (3/224 TTA).

Conclusions: The findings of this study suggest that increased surgical and anaesthesia times are significant risk factors for SSI in TTA, and that there is no evidence that postoperative prophylactic antimicrobial therapy is associated with SSI rate.
Morphological and structural characterization of single-crystal ZnO nanorod arrays on flexible and non-flexible substrates
Authors: Farhat Omar F , Halim Mohd M , Abdullah Mat J , Ali Mohammed K M , Allam Nageh K
Published: March 2015

We report a facile synthesis of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorod arrays using an optimized, chemical bath deposition method on glass, PET and Si substrates. The morphological and structural properties of the ZnO nanorod arrays were investigated using various techniques such as field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements, which revealed the formation of dense ZnO nanorods with a single crystal, hexagonal wurtzite structure. The aspect ratio of the single-crystal ZnO nanorods and the growth rate along the (002) direction was found to be sensitive to the substrate type. The lattice constants and the crystallite size of the fabricated ZnO nanorods were calculated based on the XRD data. The obtained results revealed that the increase in the crystallite size is strongly associated with the growth conditions with a minor dependence on the type of substrate. The Raman spectroscopy measurements confirmed the existence of a compressive stress in the fabricated ZnO nanorods. The obtained results illustrated that the growth of high quality, single-crystal ZnO nanorods can be realized by adjusting the synthesis conditions.
Femoroacetabular Impingement: Current Concepts in Diagnosis and Treatment
Authors: Amanatullah Derek F. , Antkowiak Tomasz , Pillay Krushen , Patel Jay , Refaat Motasem , Toupadakis Chrisoula A. , Jamali Amir A.
Published: March 2015

Educational Objectives

As a result of reading this article, physicians should be able to:

1.

Identify the etiology of femoroacetabular impingement.

2.

Assess femoroacetabular impingement on physical examination.

3.

Recognize femoroacetabular impingement on imaging studies.

4.

Discuss modern techniques to effectively treat femoroacetabular impingement, both open and arthroscopic.

Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) is a recently proposed concept describing abnormal anatomic relationships within the hip joint that may lead to articular damage. Impingement is caused by bony deformities or spatial malorientation of the femoral head-neck junction and/or the acetabulum. These abnormalities lead to pathologic contact and shearing forces at the acetabular labrum and cartilage during physiological hip motion. There is an increasing body of evidence that these forces lead to cartilage wear and eventual osteoarthritis. Treatment options for FAI are evolving rapidly. Although the gold standard remains open hip dislocation, arthroscopic techniques have shown significant promise. It is possible that early recognition and treatment of subtle deformity about the hip may reduce the rate of hip osteoarthritis in the future. [
Orthopedics.
2015; 38(3):185–199.]
Trabecular Bone Microarchitecture and Characteristics in Different Regions of the Glenoid
Authors: Li Xinning , Williams Phillip , Curry Emily J. , Choi Daniel , Craig Edward V. , Warren Russell F. , Gulotta Lawrence V. , Wright Timothy
Published: March 2015

Success of shoulder surgery depends on implant fixation to the glenoid trabecular bone. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the anatomic characteristics of the normal glenoid trabecular bone microarchitecture to help assist in implant design and provide data for finite element analyses. Eight cadavers without evidence of osteoarthritis were used. Glenoids were scanned with micro-computed tomography and then divided into lateral and medial, then superior, inferior, anterior, and posterior quadrants (8 total segments). Each segment was analyzed for total mineral density, bone volume fraction, structure model index, and trabecular thickness (Tb.Th), number (Tb.N), and separation. Bone volume fraction was significantly higher (
P
<.05) in the posterolateral (20.8%±4.5%) and posteromedial (18.6%±2.5%) regions. Both Tb.N and Tb.Th were also highest in the posterolateral (Tb.N, 1.74±0.374 mm; Tb.Th, 0.148±0.017 mm) and posteromedial (Tb.N, 1.49±0.401 mm; Tb.Th, 0.165±0.016 mm) regions. Trabecular separation was greatest in the superomedial segment (1.00±0.181 mm) and lowest in the posterolateral region (0.663±0.121 mm). For structural model index, both the posterolateral (0.314) and posteromedial (0.312) regions had lower values than the other regions. The posterior segment of the normal glenoid in both the lateral and medial regions has the highest density, which is attributed to the increased trabecular number and thickness with decreased separation. This increased density may be attributed to the posterior directed loading of the glenohumeral joint. The trabecular microarchitecture in the glenoid is plate-like, as indicated by the low structural model index.[
Orthopedics.
2015; 38(3):e163–e168.]
Effect of Decortications on Union Rate of Tibial Plating
Authors: Moghaddam Mohammad Hallaj , Vahedi Ehsan
Published: March 2015

Tibial fracture is the most common long bone fracture. Because of the superficial location of the tibia, surgery is usually required for the treatment of fractures to achieve union. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of decortication on the faster union of fractures treated with compression plates. In this clinical trial, conducted from 2009 to 2013, 42 patients were randomly assigned to the decortication (20 patients) and control (22 patients) groups. Follow-up was performed every 2 weeks until union was achieved, and then patients were examined after 6 and 9 months for analysis of final union. Mean time to weight bearing with 2 crutches, weight bearing with 1 crutch, weight bearing with a cane, and complete weight bearing without pain in the control group (receiving only the compression plate) was 5.59, 7.50, 9.32, and 11.05 weeks, respectively. Mean time to weight bearing with 2 crutches, weight bearing with 1 crutch, weight bearing with a cane, and complete weight bearing without pain in the decortication group was 4.90, 6.35, 7.75, and 9.25 weeks, respectively. All 4 values were significantly higher in the decortication group compared with the control group (
P
<.05). Erythema and signs of inflammation were significantly associated with decortication and were more common in the decortication group. No infection, broken plate, or nonunion occurred in either group. Because decortication had a significant effect on achieving union in nonunion fractures, it could be used to induce faster clinical union in acute tibial fractures. [
Orthopedics.
2015; 38(3):e213–e216.]
Descripción de una nueva especie de Tropinota Mulsant, 1842 del subgénero Epicometis Burmeister, 1842 del norte de Marruecos (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae, Cetoniinae)
Authors: Ruiz José L.
Published: March 2015

Se describe una especie nueva del género Tropinota Mulsant, 1842 a partir de ejemplares del noroeste de Marruecos (región de Tánger-Tetuán): T. iec sp. n. Esta nueva especie se adscribe al subgénero Epicometis Burmeister, 1842 por presentar los principales caracteres diagnósticos del mismo: pronoto sin áreas lisas y la 5ª interestría no fuertemente elevada a modo de costilla ni bifurcada en la base. Se definen los rasgos diagnósticos de T. iec sp. n. y se discuten los caracteres diferenciales respecto a las demás especies de Epicometis. La especie morfológicamente más afín a T. iec sp. n. es Tropinota (Epicometis) hirta (Poda von Neuhaus, 1761), de la que se segrega principalmente por el brillo del tegumento, la densidad de la pilosidad corporal, el punteado del pronoto y élitros, la longitud de los tarsos y el punteado de la placa mesosternal, así como por la estructura del edeago, con los parámeros marcadamente ensanchados en la región apical en la primera. De igual forma, se señalan las principales diferencias morfológicas entre la nueva especie y las otros dos taxones específicos del género presentes en el norte de África: T. (Tropinota) squalida (Scopoli, 1763) y T. (Hemiopta) bleusei (Bedel, 1896). Por último, se discute la presencia de T. hirta en Marruecos, donde posiblemente haya sido confundida con T. iec sp. n.

urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:222B4C3F-1A14-4357-B8AC-C5CA2EECCDD8
Disentir de Kant
Authors: Echeverría Javier
Published: March 2015

Siendo Muguerza un gran conocedor de Kant, sus críticas a la moral kantiana han ido creciendo con el tiempo. Muguerza ha disentido del principio kantiano de universalización, ha primado el principio de autonomía y ha criticado el reino de los fines para, finalmente, ha elaborado una concepción propia del individualismo moral, basada en la alternativa del disenso. En este artículo se comentan algunas de las críticas de Muguerza a Kant, sobre todo las que atacan el carácter universalista e imperativo de la moral kantiana. Asimismo se comentan otras objeciones al universalismo kantiano, provenientes de las éticas feministas y de la neuroética. Se concluye que el individualismo ético de Muguerza sigue siendo válido, aunque ha de ser reformulado en algunos aspectos. Al final se propone una interpretación axiológica de la moral kantiana, según la cual los principios que afirman Kant y Muguerza son valores que se contraponen entre sí, dando lugar a diferentes concepciones del individualismo ético según se prioricen unos u otros valores.
Derechos humanos e imaginarios sociales modernos. Un enfoque desde las relaciones internacionales
Authors: Peñas Francisco Javier
Published: March 2015

En este artículo se trata de situar el régimen de derechos humanos –aunque sólo el de los llamados derechos civiles y políticos- dentro del universo mental de los imaginarios sociales modernos que conforman nuestra forma de leer el mundo En estas páginas se sostiene que: (1) los derechos humanos no tienen fundamento filosófico posible (sólo la población a un ser trascendental que la filosofía ya no reclama); (2) uno de los ejes de estos imaginarios sociales modernos es el que se extiende desde la humanidad una (cosmópolis) hasta el estado soberano moderno; (3) el otro eje se despliega entre la civilización y la condición de salvaje, en un relato teleológico. Con estas premisas los derechos humanos, que sólo se
entienden hasta el fondo, en una determinada tradición lingüística, pueden y deben ser usados, no como fundamentos universales de la acción, sino como armas de lucha.
Filosofía Experimental y Economía Experimental: un enfoque híbrido
Authors: Aguiar Fernando , Gaitán Antonio , Rodríguez López Blanca
Published: March 2015

En este artículo presentamos las principales corrientes de la Filosofía Experimental y atendemos a una de las críticas más severas a la que se ha sometido este reciente programa de renovación metodológica. Según Antti Kauppinen la Filosofía Experimental está condenada al fracaso porque no puede obtener mediante sus métodos el tipo de intuiciones que interesan a los filósofos –las intuiciones robustas del hablante competente. Aun aceptando parte de las críticas de Kauppinen, en este artículo sostenemos, en primer lugar, que la supuesta incapacidad de la Filosofía Experimental para acceder a las intuiciones robustas de los hablantes tiene que ver en gran medida con los métodos experimentales empleados hasta ahora por los filósofos experimentales. En segundo lugar, defendemos que el proyecto de reforma llevado a cabo desde la Filosofía Experimental resultará viable solo si se adoptan una serie de consejos metodológicos procedentes de la economía experimental. Únicamente entonces podrán los experimentalistas responder con éxito a la objeción de Kauppinen.
Development Strategy in the Northern State of Jalisco from the Institutional Perspective
Authors: Vargas-Hernández José G. , Mora Mónica Isabel García , Rosas Luis C. Rivera
Published: March 2015

The regionalization process in Jalisco occurred in the nineties leading to the decentralization of regions and formulating a regional development plan for each of them. Currently, despite the measures taken to establish regional plans, it appears that there are disparities in regional development, being the most affected, the North Zone of the State. The aim of this chapter is to analyze a key factor, the ratio of the institutions with the development of the Northern region of the State of Jalisco, with a brief analysis of the role of institutions from economic, political, and social perspectives. The method used is a review of the existing literature on institutional theory and the development of the Northern Zone of Estado. It concludes by stating a strategy to promote the development, evaluation, and strengthening of the institutions involved in this process.
Surplus Labour in the Unorganised Sector of India
Authors: Sengupta Atanu , Seth Ujjwal
Published: March 2015

Disguised unemployment is the wastage of labour resource of a country. For a country like India that wishes to move towards a fast growth tract, disguised unemployment is a serious setback to the growth path. Several theoretical justifications have been provided to contextualize disguised unemployment. They all assume homogeneous production structure across firms. However, the informal sector in India is a conglomeration of different firm types. In India, the NSSO data subdivided firms into family enterprises (Own Account Enterprises – OAE) and commercially motivated (Establishment). The authors require a theoretical justification following this line. In this chapter, they generalise the argument provided by Georgescu-Roegen (1960) for this purpose. In this chapter, an attempt is made to measure surplus labour in the informal sector of India using NSSO data. For this, the concept of sub-vector efficiency as developed by Ray (2005) is used. The authors calculate surplus labour in OAEs and EST firms separately.
Holy Trinity Medical Centre
Authors: Appiah-Kubi Seth
Published: March 2015

Entrepreneurs in Africa play a critical role in employment and wealth creation. Many African businesses started as family businesses or Small to Medium-Sized Enterprises (SME). Their output forms a significant portion of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of those economies. The goal of this chapter is to contribute the case study of a successful African entrepreneur from Ghana. This study also presents the context of setting up a business in Africa, especially Ghana. The motivation, success factors, and challenges, such as lack of access to capital, limited government support, difficult regulatory environment, etc., are identified. Entrepreneurs in challenging environments develop adversity resilience (high adversity quotient) and rely on such phenomena such as social capital to succeed. Using behavioral theories of entrepreneurship such as rational choice theory and Myers-Brigg Type Indicator (MBTI), this chapter explains the contribution of personality traits and social and cultural environment including cultural beliefs on entrepreneurial success.
Global Lighting Centre Ltd.
Authors: Andoh-Quainoo Lydia
Published: March 2015

The purpose of this case study is to examine the motivation and challenges influencing entrepreneurial startup of family businesses from Africa, specifically Ghana. The case brings out how the founder of a family business has been able to manage these challenges and incorporate non-family members for business success. The case further explores the differences and similarities in the motivational factors and challenges associated with starting a business in an African context, specifically Ghanaian context, as compared to the other parts of the world. A questionnaire and in-depth interview was used to gather data. The findings suggest that though there are several personal and environmental challenges faced when starting a family business in Ghana, entrepreneurs with strong mental and personality qualities or characteristics are able to make it.
Case Study
Authors: Nadavulakere Shiva
Published: March 2015

An emerging research area—transgenerational entrepreneurship—aims to understand the role of one type of informal organization—the family—in entrepreneurial value creation process. This case study on Glastender illustrates how its founder, Jon D. Hall, and his kin have engaged in the practice of transgenerational entrepreneurship involving three key steps: first, the founder establishes a business unit that represents his historical expertise, vision, innovation, strategy, structure, tradition, and entrepreneurial mindset; second, he enmeshes this unit with that of his family and creates a controlling family unit that comprises of family history, ownership structure, kinship ties, shared intuitive leadership, shared practical knowledge, and shared entrepreneurial culture; third, using this “familiness” factor, he mentors and shepherds the second generation family entrepreneurs to be proactive, innovative, and risk taking, thereby leading to enhanced entrepreneurial performance, and in turn creating value across generations.
From Data to Vision
Authors: Joseph Rhoda
Published: March 2015

This chapter examines the use of big data in the public sector. The public sector pertains to government-related activities. The specific context in this chapter looks at the use of big data at the country level, also described as the federal level. Conceptually, data is processed through a “knowledge pyramid” where data is used to generate information, information generates knowledge, and knowledge begets wisdom. Using this theoretical backdrop, this chapter presents an extension of this model and proposes that the next stage in the pyramid is vision. Vision describes a future plan for the government agency or business, based on the current survey of the organization's environment. To develop these concepts, the use of big data is examined in three different countries. Both opportunities and challenges are outlined, with recommendations for the future. The concepts examined in this chapter are within the constraints of the public sector, but may also be applied to private sector initiatives pertaining to big data.
Engineering as Normative Practice
Authors: de Vries Marc J.
Published: March 2015

The concept of social practice was introduced by Alisdair Macintyre as a means for ethical reflections for professional situations. This concept has been extended by Hoogland and Jochemsen to include different types of norms. The term “normative practice” indicates that practices are determined by the norms by which they are defined. Engineering is such a normative practice, one that is part of a more complex situation of technological developments, in which other normative practices are also involved (e.g., a government practice, a business practice, a consumer practice). The norms in a normative practice are not only ethical norms but also include task descriptions. In this chapter, the role of both non-ethical and ethical norms in engineering as normative practices is analyzed. This is illustrated by two case studies: one from military ethics (with a specific focus on the role of technology) and one from synthetic biology.
Engineering Ethics in Technological Design
Authors: Akula Giridhar
Published: March 2015

Engineering's main goal is to do and invent. Today's engineering, as the motive force of technology, has reached pressing new ethical issues. The objective of this chapter is to explain the role of engineering ethics in technological design. This chapter concentrates on ethical issues that have a direct influence on the design of a product and the way it is used. In general, it focuses on ethical issues concerning safety and sustainability.
Ethics in Design
Authors: Stieb James A.
Published: March 2015

This chapter addresses how engineers can incorporate an understanding of human beings into their technological innovations as well as some risks, responsibilities, and social values involved in technological design. It also addresses how best to teach Engineering Ethics. In short, the chapter analyzes Engineering Ethics from a philosophical and educational perspective. The objectives of this chapter are to discuss ethical theories and their significance to Engineering Ethics and relevant and significant case studies of international and national import for future technological designs. Further, the importance of including social and moral values in the engineering design process and the advantages of abiding by the professional ethics code in Mechanical Engineering are also discussed. At the end, the chapter discusses the best way to teach an Engineering Ethics course.
Privacy as a Right
Authors: Kiltidou Despina
Published: March 2015

This chapter examines not only the history of the term privacy but also its international recognition as a fully protected right. Given the wide array of definitions of privacy, it can be said that the term seeks its identity. Depending on time and space, this right has had various traits, beyond the obstacles of a strict definition. The aspects or features of the term are those that lead to the necessity of its international recognition and protection, especially in the present digital and technological environment, where its foundation is reconsidered and internationally protected in an effective way.
Sexual Orientation, Female Genital Mutilation, and Health in Asylum Cases
Authors: Akrivopoulou Christina M. , Roumpou Theodora
Published: March 2015

This chapter examines three categories of cases regarding asylum and refugee rights according to the Geneva Convention provisions (1951) and the European Convention of Human Rights (Art. 3): 1) cases where a fear of persecution to the country of origin is based on the applicant's sexual orientation (homosexuality), 2) cases where the fear of persecution is connected with practices of female genital mutilation, and 3) cases regarding serious health problems of the asylum seeker. The jurisprudence of national supreme courts and EctHR on these subjects, especially regarding the interpretation of Art. 3 ECHR, which forbids torture, inhuman and degrading treatment, is analyzed. Although an international consensus exists today regarding the protection of asylum seekers on the basis of sexual diversity (homosexuality), in cases of female genital mutilation and health problems the national supreme courts and the ECtHR are far more hesitant in acknowledging asylum rights and refugee status.
Abortion and the Right to Life in the International Bibliography
Authors: Tziola Despina A.
Published: March 2015

In this chapter, the authors examine abortion and the right to life in the international bibliography. The touchstone of our discussion is the landmark decision, Roe v Wade, which relied on the 14th Amendment. However, society's view on abortion is not clear, as it depends on many different factors and reasons. Abortion has been a controversial subject in many societies through history because of the moral, ethical, practical, and political power issues that surround it. However, abortions continue to be common in many areas where they are illegal. Today, they are more than mere words. “Soft” international law has also been found determinative in discerning the content of the 14th Amendment. However, the way a country deals with abortion is highly symbolic of women's status and how it treats women generally.