bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Marketing Positioning – Interpreting the Basic Approaches
Authors: Remesovschi Natalia
Published: July 2023

The field of positioning, through the prism of marketing, is specific to the significant lack of experience, research and practical recommendations. Also, the issues of creating and sustaining positioning methods for products and services are permeated by insufficient research, while production, services, people’s needs, innovation and competition are advancing apace. This direction puts before marketers the tasks of improving positioning management and analyzing the evolution, content reporting and defining aspects of the concept. In this context, this article aims to analyze positioning through the prism of basic approaches as a notion, process and strategy, a fact that will make it accessible to under-stand the importance of the field for those who carry out economic activities and come into contact with consumers.
New Varieties of Ornamental Plants
Authors: Sirbu Tatiana , Sfecla Irina , Manole Svetlana , Sabarov Doina , Lupan Aurelia
Published: July 2023

The article elucidates the retrospective of the breeding of flowering plants in the Laboratory of Ornamental Plants of the National Botanical Garden (Institute) for about six decades, and also the recent results obtained in the field. The mobilization and introduction into culture of thousands of intraspecifi c taxa generated unique collections of ornamental flowering plants, which served as a basis for obtaining new varieties. More than 300 cultivars have been obtained by: the method of induction of mutations, directed hybridization, selection of spontaneous mutations and natural pollination. Approximately 150 varieties have been certified, homologated, and some patented with the support of the State Agency on Intellectual Property, and also abroad. Currently, 56 ornamental varieties are registered and maintained in the Catalog of Plant Varieties of the Republic of Moldova. In the last decade, more than 60 cultivars were selected, of which 12 were patented. The work of the breeders was appreciated with gold and silver medals, diplomas for participation in national and international inventions exhibitions.
Study on the Reduction of Electric Energy Consumption in the Process of Preserving Agri-Food Products
Authors: Popescu Victor , Ursatii Nicolai , Melenciuc Mihail , Volconovici Onorin , Balan Tatiana , Alii Maria
Published: July 2023

The authors present a study on the reduction of electric energy consumption in the process of preserving agri-food products. Refrigeration facilities used to cool various easily perishable agri-food products were examined in order to establish solutions for increasing energy efficiency in the storage process. The proposed solution provides for the combination of the refrigeration installation with step cooling, with the infl ow cooler with fan installed in the outside environment, which during the cold period of the year supplies the installation with artificial cold. The experimental results have shown that this system allows the reduction of approximately 27% of the electric energy consumption consumed annually by the existing installations.
Electrical System of Increased Reliability for Enterprises Specializing in the Dehydration of Agricultural Products
Authors: Popescu Victor , Visanu Vitali , Ursatii Nicolai , Cecan Anatolie , Todiras Tatiana
Published: July 2023

This article presents an experimental electrical system that was developed at the Technical University of Moldova as a result of cooperation between researchers from the Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering and Production Engineering Departments in conducting joint research on the effectiveness of the dehydration process for agricultural products. The main results obtained by using the developed system for dehydration of agricultural products are: increased operational reliability and speed of the dehydration process, reduced heat treatment time and electric energy consumption, improved product quality and reduced processing costs.
Correcting Instruction Expression Logic Errors with GenExp: A Genetic Programming Solution
Authors: Bekkouche Mohammed
Published: July 2023

Correcting logical errors in a program is not simple even with the availability of an error locating tool. In this article, we introduce GenExp, a genetic programming approach to automate the task of repairing instruction expressions from logical errors. \correction{Starting} from an error location specified by the programmer, we search for a replacement instruction that passes all test cases. Specifically, we generate expressions that will substitute the selected instruction expression until \correction{we} obtain one that \correction{corrects} the input program. \correction{The search space is exponentially large, making exhaustive methods inefficient.} \correction{Therefore, we utilize a genetic programming meta-heuristic that organizes the search process into stages, with each stage producing a group of individuals.} The results showed that our approach can find at least one plausible patch for almost all cases considered in experiments and outperforms a notable state-of-the-art error repair approach \correction{like} ASTOR. Although our tool is slower than ASTOR, it \correction{provides} greater precision in detecting plausible repairs, making it a suitable option for users who prioritize accuracy over speed.
An approach to Augmented Reality Classification and an example of its usage for application development with VAK learning styles Markers
Authors: Titchiev Inga , Caftanatov Olesea , Iamandi Veronica , Talambuta Dan , Caganovschi Daniela
Published: July 2023

Augmented reality (AR) encompasses both technology and the experience it provides, making it applicable in real-world contexts. The field of education is particularly suited for utilizing AR techniques as a novel means of engaging with students. Various classifications of AR techniques exist, each offering remarkable potential for educational purposes. This paper presents an approach to classifying augmented reality based on the characteristics of different techniques. Additionally, we demonstrate the application of a specific type of AR technology in the development of an educational application. Furthermore, we emphasize the importance of designing augmented learning scenarios that align with the VAK learning styles, aiming to deliver personalized and immersive learning experiences. The integration of AR and VAK learning styles shows the potential for creating educational tools that are both engaging and effective.%\footnote{\ \ This work was supported by Intelligent Information systems for solving ill structured problems, knowledge and Big Data processing project Ref. Nr. 20.80009.5007.22}
RANCANGAN JARINGAN LAN MENGGUNAKAN ROUTING PROTOKOL EIGRP DI SMK AL-KHAIRIYAH 1
Authors: Septiana Ristasari Dwi , Fitri Rahmad , Pratama Arie
Published: July 2023

Local Area Network (LAN) is a group of computers connected in an area that is not so broad in one office or building. The routing protocol makes the network more efficient in exchanging data, the EIGRP routing protocol is a distance vector routing protocol that uses metric calculations like EIGRP. Activities in SMK AL-KHAIRIYAH 1 have used a computer as a tool, and do not have a LAN network. The problem is that data sharing is limited, no computer server connects to make it easier to store data and backup in an organized manner. The data collection techniques used direct observation at SMK Al-Kahiriyah 1 and interviewing the principal. The result of the research is that the LAN network system uses the EIGRP routing protocol that allow all necessary data to stored on the server and facilitate data exchange and processing.
PEMANFAATAN ALGORITMA NEURAL NETWORK UNTUK PREDICTIVE ANALYTIC ANGKA BUTA HURUF DI INDONESIA
Authors: Kurniati Ike , Winarno Heru , Yuliyanti Dita
Published: July 2023

The government of Indonesia has always been aware of the necessary role of education in the development and progress of the nation, so it included it in Article 31 of the 1945 Constitution. Based on data from the Central Statistics Agency, the population aged over ten years who were illiterate in 2017 amounted 4.08% of the total population aged over ten years. Predictive analytics is a method of analysis used to assess risk, and future business trends. The research is to find strategic points that can be utilized and used as references in implementing efforts to reduce illiteracy in Indonesia. The data for the research using secondary data from bps.go.id, namely data on the illiteracy rate for the 2011 – 2019 period. The predictions were made using the Artificial Neural Network Algorithm to produce an output accuracy of 69%.
APLIKASI CHATBOT SEBAGAI LAYANAN LIVE CHAT UNTUK PENERIMAAN MAHASISWA BARU MENGGUNAKAN METODE WORD STEMMING DENGAN REGULAR EXPRESSION PATTERN MATCHING
Authors: Rizki Muhamad , Fitriansyah Ahmad , Narji Moh.
Published: July 2023

Artificial intelligence is a technology trend that raises rapidly. Many applications build with artificial intelligence, for example, a chatbot that can answer chat messages automatically so that chat services can operate 24 hours a day. Currently, the live chat service for new student admissions at LP3I is provided by operators who have working hours so they cannot operate 24 hours a day. The system development method was applied using the prototyping method with data collection techniques through interviews and observations of the running system. The results of data collection obtained the application system requirements desired by LP3I. The design of this chatbot application using a Question and Answering System-based Natural Language Processing (NLP) approach, the chatbot can learn to understand the context of sentences based on the existing knowledge base and provide answers in natural language by applying basic text processing algorithms such as word stemming, cosine similarity calculations to measure sentence similarity, and regular expression matching algorithms. Application testing carries out using the black box testing method. This chatbot application is web-based as the primary user interface, and Android and web-based applications as the admin interface
Analgesic effect of neohesperidin is mediated by TRPV1 antagonism
Authors: Abdulwahed Omar A. , Al-Najjar Belal O. , Abbas Manal A. , Alsalem Mohammad
Published: July 2023

Context: Transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1) is a non-specific cation channel. It is one of the most important targets in pain research. Aims: To evaluate new TRPV1 antagonists without altering body temperature. Methods: Docking simulation was performed, and one of the candidate compounds, neohesperidin, was tested using thermal and chemical pain models in BALB/c mice. Rectal body temperature was measured using a temperature meter with a thermocouple probe detector, and the capsaicin-evoked calcium response was determined in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons. Results: Docking resulted in the identification of 30 compounds able to interact with the essential amino acids required for the antagonistic activity of TRPV1. Neohesperidin was chosen for further investigations because of its good binding energy (-6.63 kcal/mol) and because its TRPV1 antagonistic activity was not tested before. This study reported for the first time that neohesperidin exerted analgesic activity through TRPV1 antagonism without altering body temperature. Its activity was comparable to the known TRPV1 antagonist N-(4-tertiarybutylphenyl)-4-(3-chloropyridin-2-yl)tetrahydropyrazine-1(2H)-carbox-amide (BCTC). In the writhing test, acetic acid-induced abdominal cramps decreased by 66% using 30 mg/kg of neohesperidin. All tested doses of neohesperidin significantly decreased paw-licking time in the capsaicin-induced paw-licking test. A significant increase in the latency time in hot plate and tail flick tests was observed using 30 and 60 mg/kg of neohesperidin. In DRG neurons, neohesperidin reduced capsaicin-evoked calcium responses. Conclusions: Neohesperidin exerts a significant analgesic activity without altering body temperature, which could be due, at least partially, to its antagonistic activity against TRPV1.
Survey of Dentists' Attitude Towards Parents Accompanying Children in the Dental Operatory
Authors: Anu Jose , Abi M. Thomas
Published: July 2023

Background: The most significant problems in pediatric dentistry is behavioural resistance of children in the first visit. There is a debate on parental presence in operation room. The literature on dentists' preference of parental presence in the operatory is sparse.
Aims: 1. To determine the percentage of dentists in a major city who prefer parental presence in the dental operatory. 2. To correlate parameters like practitioners’ gender, practice type, patient volume, and patient age in allowing parental accompaniment. 3. To determine the significant variable that constraints dentists from allowing parental presence.
Methods And Materials: The study group included pediatric dentists and dentists who treat children in their private or institutional practice. Specific variables that were addressed in the questionnaire and used for the correlation included: practitioners age, gender, qualification, years in practice, practice type, volume of children treated by them, attitudes towards parental accompaniment and variables that constraints the dentist while treating children in parental presence.
Results: 43% dentists felt comfortable treating children in the presence of parents. Factors like gender, practice type and volume of patients have shown to influence the attitude of dentist towards parental accompaniment. The major constraint reported by dentists is that of parents intercepting orders and thus affecting the rapport between the dentist and child (85.6%, n=89)
Conclusion: The dentists practicing in this city demonstrated a positive trend towards increased parental presence in the operatory.
ANALISIS SIDE EVENT W20 DALAM MEWUJUDKAN KESETARAAN GENDER DI MANOKWARI PAPUA BARAT
Authors: Selly Anisya Dea , Hergianasari Putri , Nau Novriest Umbu Walangara
Published: July 2023

Abstract

This research aims to analyze and describe the Side Event W20 program in realizing gender equality in the West Papua region, especially Manokwari city. The method in this research uses descriptive qualitative method. This research used data analysis with the theory of Liberal Feminism in International Relations. The results of the study state that through the Side Event W20 can be identified specific issues faced by women with disabilities and rural women. The Side Event W20 on gender equality issues in West Papua provides international recognition to these issues, encouraging women's participation to fight for gender equality and inclusive development. This helped raise awareness about gender issues faced by West Papuan women, including discrimination, violence, limited access to education and health. Based on this research, it is concluded that the resulting recommendations can be the basis for the government and related institutions in developing policies that are more effective and responsive to the needs and rights of these women's groups.

Abstrak

Penelitian ini bertujuan melakukan analisis dan mendeskripsikan tentang program Side Event W20 dalam mewujudkan kesetaraan gender di wilayah Papua Barat khususnya kota Manokwari. Metode pada penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif. Penelitian ini menggunakan analisis data dengan teori Feminisme Liberal dalam Hubungan Internasional. Hasil penelitian menyatakan bahwa melalui Side Event W20 dapat diidentifikasi isu-isu khusus yang dihadapi perempuan penyandang disabilitas dan perempuan pedesaan. Side Event W20 dalam isu kesetaraan gender di Papua Barat memberikan pengakuan internasional terhadap isu-isu tersebut, mendorong partisipasi perempuan untuk memperjuangkan kesetaraan gender dan pembangunan yang inklusif. Hal ini membantu mengangkat kepedulian dan kesadaran tentang masalah gender yang dihadapi oleh perempuan Papua Barat, termasuk diskriminasi, kekerasan, akses terbatas terhadap pendidikan dan kesehatan. Berdasarkan penelitian ini disimpulkan bahwa rekomendasi yang dihasilkan dapat menjadi dasar bagi pemerintah dan lembaga terkait dalam mengembangkan kebijakan yang lebih efektif dan responsif terhadap kebutuhan dan hak-hak kelompok perempuan tersebut.
Mascotas con problemas dermatológicos, Prevalencia de Malassezia sp
Authors: Díaz Espinoza Lisbeth Emileny , Vivas Pincay Luis Carlos , Vélez León María Fernanda , González Puetate Iván
Published: July 2023

Se llevó a cabo un estudio en la Urbanización Ciudad Santiago, Guayaquil, para determinar la presencia de la levadura Malassezia pachydermatis en perros. Se recolectaron muestras de cerumen de 100 perros y se realizaron análisis de impronta y cultivo. Los resultados mostraron que el 60,30% de los perros tenían la levadura. La prevalencia fue del 51% mediante cultivo y del 10% mediante impronta. No se encontraron diferencias significativas entre sexos o razas. Estos resultados son importantes para veterinarios y profesionales de la salud animal, mejorando el diagnóstico y tratamiento de las enfermedades dermatológicas y auditivas. Además, se espera prevenir complicaciones y daños en conducto auditivo externo de los perros afectados mediante medidas adecuadas.
Toxocara canis, en la población canina: efecto, control y salud
Authors: Domínguez Contreras Rosa Adriana , Yépez Espinosa Dayana Michelle , Cedeño Reyes Pedro Pablo , Culcay Troncoso Israel Hernán , González Puetate Iván
Published: July 2023

Durante los últimos años ha crecido la población de caninos, especialmente los ambulantes, mismos que son portadores de una gran variedad de parásitos gastrointestinales zoonóticos, destacándose la presencia de helmintos como el Toxocara canis. La Toxocariasis es una enfermedad parasitaria zoonótica con una gran importancia en la salud pública, siendo los perros la principal fuente de transmisión hacia los humanos. Esta investigación tiene como objetivo identificar la prevalencia de Toxocara canis en perros domésticos, Canis lupus familiaris en el sector de mucho lote 2 del cantón Guayaquil. Se analizaron 114 muestras de heces caninas, en las que se usó el método de flotación, obteniendo como resultado 5 caninos positivos, lo que representa el 4.4% de prevalencia en el sector. En esta investigación se analizó la asociación de variables mediante la prueba de X2 de Pearson. Las variables sexo, grupo etario, raza, hábitat y desparasitación no presentaron relación con la variable dependiente (p≥0.05).
Language Learning Strategies Research in Colombia: A Review of the Last 10 Years
Authors: Marenco Domínguez José Miguel
Published: July 2023

The concept of language learning strategies has been extensively examined to understand the cognitive processes and behaviors aimed at enhancing language performance and proficiency. The selection and instruction of learning strategies may vary due to contextual factors. Considering this, the objective of this literature review is to analyze the current trends in the field of language learning strategies specifically within the context of Colombia. The search methodology employed the keywords “language learning strategies” to identify empirical research conducted in Colombia, which was obtained from the SciELO, ERIC, and Redalyc databases. After the rigorous selection process, a shortlist of 13 relevant documents was compiled. The findings of this review reveal that learning strategies have been mainly explored using a qualitative lens with small sample sizes, which invites future studies to profit from valuable insights from mixed methods research designs. Additionally, further investigation is required to delve into the strategies employed by Colombian learners in different language skills and subsystems.
Peningkatan Kemampuan Peneliti Muda Universitas Tadulako Melalui Pelatihan Aplikasi Nvivo dan Lisrel Untuk Riset Bisnis
Authors: Tambun Sihar , Sitorus Riris Rotua , Netty Laura S  , Suryono Imam
Published: July 2023

The Community Service Program is carried out with the aim of increasing the competence of researchers in the Master of Management Study Program at Tadulako University, Palu. There are two competencies to be improved. First, competence in the field of qualitative research through the use of the NVivo software. Second, competence in the field of quantitative research through the use of Lisrel software for structural equation modeling research. The method used is a services learning approach by conducting lectures and workshops. The output of this community service program is an increase in the competence of the participants which consists of two competencies. First, increasing competence in the field of qualitative research through the use of the NVivo software. This competency includes the ability to input internal data and external data into NVivo, the ability to code internal data and external data, the ability to process data and produce coding visualization images, and the ability to draw conclusions from coding visualization images. Second, increasing competence in the field of quantitative research through the use of the Lisrel software. This competence includes the ability to solve the problem of confirmatory factor analysis by using the modification indices facility in the Lisrel software, the ability to solve the goodness of fit problem in the structural equation modeling research model, the ability to create syntax to test indirect effects using the Lisrel software, and the ability to read data processing output with using the Lisrel software.
Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Inkuiri Terbimbing Terhadap Peningkatan Literasi Sains Siswa Kelas X MAN 1 Kota Bima Tahun Pelajaran 2022/2023
Authors: Fahruddin Fahruddin , Nurwahidah Nurwahidah , Rubianti Irma
Published: July 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh model pembelajaran inkuiri terbimbing terhadap peningkatan literasi sains siswa kelas X MAN 1 Kota Bima. Jenis penelitian adalah Tru-Eksperimental posttest control group design. Populasi adalah seluruh siswa kelas X MAN 1 Kota Bima yang berjumlah 300 siswa. Sampel yang digunakan adalah siswa kelas XA MAN 1 Kota Bima yang berjumlah 40 orang sebagai kelas eksperimen dan siswa kelas XB yang berjumlah 40 orang sebagai kelas kontrol. Teknik pengambilan sampel dengan menggunakan simple random sampling. Tehnik pengumpulan data terdiri menggunakan tes. Analisis data menggunakan uji uji-t. Hasil pengujian menunjukan bahwa  (20,867)>  (2,021) maka Ho ditolak  dengan demikian Ha diterima, dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh model pembelajaran inkuiri terbimbing terhadap peningkatan literasi sains siswa kelas X MAN 1 Kota Bima tahun pelajaran 2022/2023.
Handling related publications reporting real-world evidence in network meta-analysis: a case study in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Betts Marissa , Fahrbach Kyle , Neupane Binod , Slim Mahmoud , Sormani Maria Pia , Cutter Gary , Debray Thomas PA , Rock Marvin
Published: July 2023

Aim:
The presence of two or more publications that report on overlapping patient cohorts poses a challenge for quantitatively synthesizing real-world evidence (RWE) studies. Thus, we evaluated eight approaches for handling such related publications in network meta-analyses (NMA) of RWE studies.
Methods:
Bayesian NMAs were conducted to estimate the annualized relapse rate (ARR) of disease-modifying therapies in multiple sclerosis. The NMA explored the impact of hierarchically selecting one pivotal study from related publications versus including all of them while adjusting for correlations.
Results:
When selecting one pivotal study from related publications, the ARR ratios were mostly similar regardless of the pivotal study selected. When including all related publications, there were shifts in the point estimates and the statistical significance.
Conclusion:
An
a priori
hierarchy should guide the selection among related publications in NMAs of RWE. Sensitivity analyses modifying the hierarchy should be considered for networks with few or small studies.
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome as an Adverse Effect of Lenvatinib in a Patient with Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma: A Case Report
Authors: Buenaventura Daisy Carolina , Vargas-Sierra Hernando , Aristizabal-Henao Natalia , Torres-Grajales Jose Luis , Aguilar-Londono Carolina , Gutierrez-Restrepo Johnayro
Published: July 2023

: Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is an uncommon transient neuroradiological phenomenon that develops vasogenic cerebral edema and could be caused by some pharmacological agents, such as molecular-specific target agents. Lenvatinib belongs to the tyrosine kinase inhibitors and was approved in 2015 for progressive locally advanced or metastatic thyroid cancer refractory to radioactive iodine (I-131) treatment. Herein, we present the case of a 65-year-old woman who, while receiving treatment with lenvatinib for radioiodine-refractory metastatic papillary thyroid carcinoma, developed PRES without hypertension at the initial evaluation. Her clinical and radiological findings improved after withdrawing from the mentioned therapy, and later it was possible to re-incorporate lower doses of the medication, as described in the other three case reports found in the worldwide medical literature. The recognition of this entity is essential to timely suspend the drug and avoid greater comorbidity. This is the first paper reporting this kind of adverse event using lenvatinib in a Hispanic population.
Un relato de experiencia docente a través del posgrado antes y durante la Covid-19 prácticas docentes en el curso de Archivología de la UFMG
Authors: Alves de Melo Suellen
Published: July 2023

Este trabajo presenta relato de experiencia docente de una estudiante de posgrado de la enseñanza superior brasileña, a partir de dos vivencias en la asignatura Prácticas Docentes ofertada por el Programa de Posgrado en Ciencia de Información de la Universidad Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), en Brasil. En la primera experiencia, en el 2018, la posgraduada acompañó a la docente de la asignatura obligatoria Acción Cultural y Educación Patrimonial ofertada al curso de Archivología de la Universidad, contribuyendo en el planeamiento del contenido en la evaluación de las actividades y orientación de los alumnos.  Entre diciembre del 2020 y marzo del 2021, la estudiante tuvo la oportunidad de estar delante de la asignatura optativa Tópicos en Funciones Archivísticas D ministrada en el mismo curso de graduación.  El artículo presenta, brevemente, los cursos de graduación en Archivología y de posgrado en Ciencia de la Información de la UFMG, además de describir cómo la institución ha adaptado su modelo de enseñanza durante la pandemia de la Covid-19. También discute el papel de los cursos brasileños de posgrado en la doble formación de los estudiantes: para la investigación y para la docencia.  Como conclusión, enfatiza la importancia de que los alumnos buscarán caminos formativos para la docencia en la enseñanza superior, demostrando interés independientemente de la oferta del curso de posgrado en que están insertos, ya que también es deber de ellos calificarse para enseñar.
LOS DATOS MAESTROS DETRÁS DE LA VENTAJA COMPETITIVA
Authors: Prada Madrid Ennio
Published: July 2023

Este articulo pretende realizar un acercamiento básico a la naturaleza del concepto datos maestros y su relación con la competitividad, el método utilizado para este acercamiento consistió en indagar en fuentes documentales para presentar algunas definiciones de datos maestros e identificar algunas de sus características inherentes y mostrar algunos ejemplos de estos, posteriormente se realizó un análisis de su importancia para la ventaja competitiva para finalmente presentar unas conclusiones.
On the use of inline phase transformation sensors in a hot strip mill: case studies
Authors:   Tata Steel, Yang Haibing ,   Tata Steel, Van Den Berg Frenk ,   Tata Steel, Mosk Jos ,   Primetals Technologies, Dolby Mark ,   Primetals Technologies, Jacobs William ,   Primetals Technologies, West Joe ,   Primetals Technologies, Kerley Simon
Published: July 2023

Dynamic cooling control process on the run-out table (ROT) in a hot strip mill (HSM) is an important step to achieve the hot-rolled steel product quality required by customers. The measurements of strip temperature and the amount of transformed phase on the ROT are complementary to each other for the tracking of the material state of the strip during the cooling process. Infrared pyrometers have been widely used for the measurement of strip temperatures, while commercial systems for inline measurement of steel’s phase transformation only became available in recent years. Since 2015, a Transformation Monitor sensor system using EMSpec Technology has been deployed on the ROT of the HSM#2 at Tata Steel in the Netherlands for inline measurement of phase transformation. This paper presents use case studies of the Transformation Monitor. It will demonstrate the advantages of in-situ real time measurement of phase transformation, not only to reveal the internal microstructure of steel strips but also to measure the evolution of transformation–time trajectory on the run-out cooling table, as a complimentary measurement to pyrometer-based surface temperature measurement.
CT-Analysis of the Melting Area in
the Fused Filament Fabrication Process
Authors:   University of Stuttgart, Ehrler Julian ,   University of Stuttgart, Kornely Mike ,   University of Stuttgart, Kattinger Julian ,   University of Stuttgart, Kreutzbruck Marc ,   University of Stuttgart, Bonten Christian
Published: July 2023

3D printing has established itself in the 21st century as the process for producing prototypes and very small series. In the plastics sector, the fused filament fabrication (FFF) process is used in particular. A plastic filament is melted in a nozzle and a component is built up layer by layer. As with all manufacturing processes, there is an interest in continuously optimizing and improving the FFF process. One possibility is based on process simulations, which enable a better understanding of the entire process. Afterwards a validation of the simulation with the real process is always necessary. In the case of FFF, this validation was so far only possible to a limited extent. In this work, a method is presented that enables a non-destructive investigation of the melting behavior during the printing process. For this purpose, a 3D printer nozzle with an extruder was integrated into an X-ray computed tomography system. Thus, a computed tomography scan (CT scan) can be performed during the extrusion process. By using filaments with high absorbent tungsten, a sufficient contrast can be created between the metal nozzle and the plastic filament, which allows an analysis of the melting behavior. This setup allows to distinguish between the solid filament area and the melt area, as well as to determine contact between the filament and the nozzle wall. In this way, the simulations can be validated and nozzle geometries to be improved in the future by means of improved simulation tools.
Automated Spot Weld Testing using a Smart Robotic System
Authors:   Tessonics Europe GmbH, Oberdoerfer York ,   Tessonics Inc, Maev Roman Gr. ,   Tessonics Inc, Denisov Alex ,   Tessonics Inc, Turton Adam ,   Tessonics Europe GmbH, Valetsky Eugene
Published: July 2023

Since spot welding is still the most important joining method in the automotive industry, manual ultrasound testing of spot welds on car bodies and parts is a well-known and widely used application in this industry segment. Current trends in process automation and optimization, as well as current social topics, have given rise to an increasing interest in automizing the previously manual ultrasound inspection of spot welds, especially over the last couple of years. The first step in achieving this goal seems obvious – to integrate a conventional ultrasound device and transducer with a robot. However, there are many steps in the manual inspection process that are performed by an operator and subsequently need to be automated in a process-safe manner: positioning the ultrasound transducer correctly on the surface, recording and automatically evaluating the ultrasound data, and communicating in a fail-safe manner over an industrial network are only some aspects for which a solution must be found. This presentation will discuss the requirements for an ultrasonic system for automized spot weld testing, as well as present an already implemented smart robotic system for this purpose, which allows for both out-of-line as well as inline testing in series production.
Guided Waves Propagation in Composite Overwrapped Pressure Vessel
Authors:   American University of Beirut, Mustapha Samir ,   Kaunas University of Technology (KTU), Yilmaz Bengisu ,   American University of Beirut, Heimann Jan ,   BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Prager Jens ,   American University of Beirut, Brence Blaz
Published: July 2023

The application of composite overwrapped pressure vessels (COPV) to store hydrogen and other compressed gases, especially when operating at high pressures, imposed the need for an innovative and reliable approach to ensure the safe operation of the system. Continuous structural health monitoring (SHM) based on ultrasonic guided waves (GWs) is a promising approach due to the ability of the wave to propagate for long distances and go around complex structures, moreover the high sensitivity to various failure modes such as delamination, matrix cracking and debonding. In this study, we scrutinize the behavior of (GWs) within the COPV using a network of PZT elements that are used for excitation and sensing. A laser doppler vibrometer (LDV) was also used to scan the surface of the vessel in various directions. L(0,1) and L(0,2) were observed in the captured signal. The L(0, 2) appeared to be a dominant mode in the COPV and was capable of propagating along the entire length and maintaining a good signal-to-noise ratio. The L(0,2) mode maintained the same phase velocity when it is captured at various excitation angles (0, 45, and 90 degrees). The reduced effect of the orthotropy of the materials on the propagating waves is an important result as it will reduce the complexity in data processing when performing damage identification.
Guided wave ultrasonic feature determination in Type IV composite overwrapped pressure vessels towards the digital twin
Authors:   BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Yilmaz Bengisu ,   BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Heimann Jan ,   American University of Beirut, Mustapha Samir ,   BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Charmi Amir ,   BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Prager Jens
Published: July 2023

The digitalization of quality control processes and the underlying data infrastructures for safety relevant components, such as hydrogen pressure vessels, plays a significant role in the transition towards Industry 4.0. In the current safety regulations for hydrogen pressure vessels, there is no established concept for structural health monitoring. The development of a reliable structural health monitoring methodology for monitoring the structural integrity of pressure vessels enables a fast-forward transition from personnel- and costintensive recurring inspections, a.k.a. periodic maintenance, to predictive maintenance. In the work presented; we investigated the application of ultrasonic guided wave propagation to monitor and assess the condition of Type IV composite overwrapped pressure vessel (COPV). A sensor network of fifteen piezo-electric wafers is placed on the carbon fibre reinforced composite cylinder. Five different artificial damage configurations are created by gluing two different weight blocks on three different locations. The database containing measured guided wave data sets is enriched by two different boundary conditions. We utilized an open-source software, openBIS labnotebook, to store and analyse experimental datasets. The guided wave ultrasonic signals were investigated and analysed by using commonly used ultrasonic features (e.g., amplitude, frequency, time of flight) as well as non-traditional time-series features (kurtosis, skewness, variance). The features were used to calculate damage index and the detection performance for the results has been evaluated. The results suggest that both traditional and non-traditional features assume significant importance in artificial damage detection. The future works will additionally involve the impacts of operational conditions, such as periodic pressure variations temperature loadings as well as material degradations.
Phased array probes for air-coupled ultrasonic testing based on cellular polymer
Authors:   BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Gaal Mate ,   BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Hufschläger Daniel ,   BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Gohlke Dirk ,   BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Weise Matthias ,   Hillger NDT GmbH, Ilse Detlef ,   Hillger NDT GmbH, Hillger Wolfgang ,   Hillger NDT GmbH, Szewieczek Artur
Published: July 2023

Air-coupled ultrasonic testing is an established alternative to conventional ultrasonic methods for testing of light-weight components in aerospace and automotive industry. Compared to direct coupled contact technique or immersion technique it is less invasive, so that it offers numerous financial incentives. While phased arrays are already an industrial standard in fluid-coupled mechanized ultrasonic testing, air-coupled testing is usually performed using two single-element probes and a transmission technique. Therefore, advantages of phased arrays such as active focussing and manipulation of the incidence angle are rarely used with air-coupled testing. This paper presents a newly developed air-coupled phased array device with the emphasis on the characterization of the probes. The device consists of a linear array probe, a transmitter unit and a receiver unit. The main novelty is that the array probe is based on high-voltage excitation of charged cellular polypropylene. Charged cellular polymers are referred to as ferroelectrets or as piezoelectrets. They exhibit an extremely low stiffness and acoustic impedance, so that a matching layer is not necessary. Extremely low mechanical cross-coupling enables independent excitation of the elements of the array. The development of the phased array probes is supported by computations of the sound field using point source synthesis. The main intended applications are transmission with focussing, transmission with an electronic sweep and testing with air-coupled guided waves by using beam steering, applied to carbon-fibre-reinforced plates and similar materials. Air-coupled guided waves enable testing of objects with one-sided access. This work was funded from the “Technologietransfer-Programm Leichtbau” by the German Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Climate Action, project 03LB1001A.
Ultrasonic Inspection for aging monitoring of GFRP composites
Authors:   Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Grosso Marcella ,   Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Guimarães Mariana Burrowes M. ,   Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Kotik Hector G. ,   PETROBRAS, d'Almeida Ana ,   Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Pereira Gabriela Ribeiro
Published: July 2023

The use of composite materials has been an option increasingly used in various industry sectors. However, the degradation process by which these materials are subjected due to operational conditions is a reality that makes monitoring a challenge. In this work, conventional ultrasonic technique was used to analyse the behaviour of GFRP pipes under different aging conditions (temperature and pressure). The pipes were submitted to aging for 2, 6 and 18 months and acoustic measurements were performed in certain areas of each pipe in order to monitor the relevant locations, both in circumference and in length. The gathering of these signals was carried out periodically throughout the aging process. Through the methodology presented in this work regarding ultrasonic inspection, it was possible to correlate the acoustic properties obtained with the mechanical properties of the material during aging. Additionally, after the end of the aging process and occasional failures, some samples were extracted to perform tensile tests, which were able to indicate residual Young Modulus in the axial direction. Sound testing for mechanical characterization were also performed and their results were compared to the ones calculated by ultrasonic results. Microstructure of the material and its manufacturing process were also found to be important parameters that must be considered. The experimental database obtained were analysed using statistical tools to evaluate the feasibility of a trend model in the behaviour of material properties during aging.
Comparison of hit/miss and ‘â versus a’ POD calculations for short surface cracks using inductive thermography
Authors:   Montan Universität (University of Leoben), Oswald-Tranta Beate ,   IK4 LORTEK Research Centre (BRTA), Lopez de Uralde Olavera Pablo ,   IK4 LORTEK Research Centre (BRTA), Gorostegui-Colinas Eider ,   GKN Aerospace Engine Systems, Westphal Philipp
Published: July 2023

Inductive thermography is an inspection technique that consists of the heating of a sample or a component by short induced eddy current pulses (duration of 50-100 ms) while an infrared camera records the evolution of the surface temperature. Surface cracks in metals can be excellently detected by this inspection technique. Both the eddy currents and the heat diffusion are disturbed by cracks, therefore becoming visible in the infrared images. The recorded image sequence is processed using the Fourier transform, and the resulting phase image is analysed directly by technicians (human-based detection) or developed defect detection algorithms (computer-based), to localize the defects. For industrial applications, the reliability of an inspection technique is very important. This is why it is necessary to calculate the probability of detection (POD) of the technology considered for each case study. The goal of this investigation is to compare the two standard parametric POD calculation techniques, ‘hit/miss’ and ‘â versus a’, for detecting surface cracks with inductive thermography on the nickel-based austenitic superalloy Inconel 718. First, artificial defects are considered for an ‘â vs a’ POD analysis and results are compared to finite element simulations. Additionally, real cracks on TIG welds, created with a Varestraint test machine, have also been considered and corresponding ‘hit/miss’ POD calculations have been performed. However, it is important to note, that the deeper a crack, the larger obstacle it creates for the eddy current and for the heat flow. Hence not only the defect length, but also its depth affects the signal around it. This implies that the calculated POD depends on both the crack length and depth and that in some cases ‘hit/miss’ POD analysis will not be enough.
A Machine Learning Based-Guided Wave Approach for Damage Detection and Assessment in Composite Overwrapped Pressure Vessels
Authors:   BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Charmi Amir ,   American University of Beirut, Mustapha Samir ,   Kaunas University of Technology (KTU), Yilmaz Bengisu ,   American University of Beirut, Heimann Jan ,   BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Prager Jens
Published: July 2023

The applications of composite overwrapped pressure vessels (COPVs) in extreme conditions, such as storing hydrogen gases at very high pressure, impose new requirements related to the system's integrity and safety. The development of a structural health monitoring (SHM) system that allows for continuous monitoring of the COPVs provides rich information about the structural integrity of the component. Furthermore, the collected data can be used for different purposes such as increasing the periodic inspection intervals, providing a remaining lifetime prognosis, and also ensuring optimal operating conditions. Ultimately this information can be complementary to the development of the envisioned digital twin of the monitored COPVs. Guided waves (GWs) are preferred to be used in continuous SHM given their ability to travel in complex structures for long distances. However, obtained GW signals are complex and require advanced processing techniques. Machine learning (ML) is increasingly utilized as the main part of the processing pipeline to automatically detect anomalies in the system's integrity. Hence, in this study, we are scrutinizing the potential of using ML to provide continuous monitoring of COPVs based on ultrasonic GW data. Data is collected from a network of sensors consisting of fifteen Piezoelectric (PZT) wafers that were surface mounted on the COPV. Two ML algorithms are used in the automated evaluation procedure (i) a long short-term memory (LSTM) autoencoder for anomaly detection (defects/impact), and (ii) a convolutional neural network (CNN) model for feature extraction and classification of the artificial damage sizes and locations. Additional data augmentation steps are introduced such as modification and addition of random noise to original signals to enhance the model's robustness to uncertainties. Overall, it was shown that the ML algorithms used were able to detect and classify the simulated damage with high accuracy.
Creation and Non-Destructive Control of Electric Heating Elements of the Aircraft Icing Prevention System
Authors:   National Academy of Science of Ukraine (NASU), Kazakevych Mykhail Leonidovych ,   ANTONOV Aeronautical Scientific and Technical Complex, Semenets Oleksandr I. ,   National Academy of Science of Ukraine (NASU), Kazakevych Volodymyr M. ,   National Academy of Science of Ukraine (NASU), Kondratyuk Andreiy S. ,   ANTONOV Aeronautical Scientific and Technical Complex, Chirva Oleksandr O. ,   ANTONOV Aeronautical Scientific and Technical Complex, Shestakov Oleksyi O. ,   ANTONOV Aeronautical Scientific and Technical Complex, Kutko Grigoryi A.
Published: July 2023

One of the priority directions of searching for new materials and testing methods in aviation is the development of conductive composition and manufacturing of heating elements (HE) for the electrothermal anti-icing system of aircraft and their nondestructive control. Using of polymer materials with nanotubes, as well as graphenebased heaters, have low weight, fast and uniform heating, and efficient energy consumption. Conducted research using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) to optimize the composition of carbon fillers (graphene and carbon nanotubes) in composite materials for creating electrically conductive anti-icing elements of aircraft structures. One of the most important instrumental methods of technical diagnostics of potentially dangerous objects is remote infrared (IR) thermal imaging diagnostics based on the registration of the temperature field. The principle of thermal diagnostics is based on the comparison of the thermal fields of the reference and the monitored object. Temperature anomalies are indicators of defects, and the value of temperature signals and their behavior over time makes it possible to give quantitative estimates of the object's parameters. Namely, with the help of thermal imagers, non-destructive thermal control is carried out not only of propeller screws. panels of rockets and airplanes, but can also be offered to assess the quality of HE. They detect defects. cracks, structural changes, water infiltration sites and ice jams.