bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of diet combined with exercise intervention on tumor necrosis factor α in overweight or obese groups: Based on the exercise dose-response relationship
Authors: Wang Chuan qiu shui , Wang Kun , Liu Shi qi , Sun Liang , Luo Jiong
Published: November 2024

Background: Chronic low-grade systemic inflammation, often linked to obesity or being overweight, is associated with various complications and an increased risk of disease development. Tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) is a key inflammatory factor that significantly impacts various body functions.
Objective: 1) To assess whether combined interventions are more effective than single interventions in combining diet and exercise. 2) To assess the effectiveness of exercise dose in different interventions on tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) levels in obese or overweight patients.
Methods: A thorough search was conducted across four electronic databases of randomized controlled trials that focus on exercise or dietary interventions for patients with obesity or overweight. This comprehensive review encompasses data collected up to August 2024. Two independent researchers conducted a thorough evaluation of the literature's quality. Network and dose-response analyses were performed using random effects models to examine the impact of diverse interventions on TNF-α.
Results: A total of 19 randomized controlled trials with 1479 patients with obesity or overweight were included. The meta-analysis showed that the hypocaloric diet combined with aerobic training (HDAT) possessed the highest ranking (SMD= -1.00,95%CI -1.51 to -0.49), followed by the hypocaloric diet (HD) (SMD= -0.40,95%CI -0.89 to 0.09), hypocaloric diet combined with resistance training (HDRT) (SMD= -0.48,95%CI- 1.43 to 0.48), and aerobic training combined with resistance training (ART) (SMD= -0.18,95%CI -0.92 to 0.57). Additionally, a notable improvement in TNF-α levels was observed in individuals adhering to a hypocaloric diet in conjunction with exercise when the cumulative exercise volume reached 150 metabolic equivalent of task minutes per week.
Conclusion: Based on the GRADE rating guidelines, moderate-quality research evidence indicates that a hypocaloric diet combined with aerobic training (HDAT) is the most effective intervention for enhancing tumor TNF-α levels in individuals with obesity or overweight. Additionally, the dose-response relationship was observed between the total exercise dose and TNF-α levels. Future research should investigate the specific effects of various aerobic exercise modalities on TNF-α levels in obese or overweight patients to develop a more personalized approach to exercise prescription.
Nutraceuticals in veterinary ophthalmology: fact, fiction or both?
Authors: Venter Izak J
Published: November 2024

This review examines the use of nutraceuticals in canine and feline ocular diseases, highlighting their potential benefits and the dangers of misinformation. While certain products like curcumin, beta-glucans and resveratrol show promise against feline herpesvirus, false claims surrounding L-carnitine for cataracts are emphasised. While L-carnitine may slow cataract progression, it cannot reverse cataracts or replace surgery. Alpha-lipoic acid, an antioxidant, holds potential for diabetes-related cataracts, while lutein, zeaxanthin and other carotenoids might slow age-related changes. Despite limited evidence, neuroprotective substances like grape seed extract, omega-3 fatty acids, lutein, zeaxanthin and vitamins are used for degenerative retinal and optic nerve diseases, aiming to slow or prevent vision loss. Future research is crucial to solidify their efficacy and avoid misleading pet owners.
Factors Influencing the Success of Non Vascularized Iliac Bone Graft for Mandibular Reconstruction: A Retrospective Study of 26 Cases
Authors:   Buddhachinaraj Phitsanulok Hospital, Thailand, Santiudomchai Thanapong
Published: November 2024

Objective: This study aimed to identify the prognostic factors influencing the success of nonvascularized iliac bone grafts for mandibular reconstruction. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study conducted at a single center, involving 26 patients who underwent segmental mandibulectomy followed by nonvascularized iliac bone grafts between 2012 and 2022 at the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Unit, Buddhachinaraj Phitsanulok Hospital. Data were collected by reviewing electronic medical records and radiographic images. Patients who had received vascularized bone grafts or had a history of head and neck irradiation therapy were excluded from the study. The patients were classified into two groups: successful and failed. Success was defined as clinical and radiographic evidence of bone continuity, a graft resorption rate not exceeding 30% of the initial height, and no evidence of chronic infection for at least 6 months. Results: Successful bone grafting was achieved in 19 patients (73.1%). Multivariable risk difference regression analysis identified that the factors influencing graft incorporation were jaw immobilization using reconstruction plates with maxillomandibular fixation for at least 21 days (RD 63.0; 95% CI 33.1, 93.0; p<0.001) and long segmental block graft design (51.3%; 95% CI 16.9, 85.7; p<0.003). A clinically significant factor, although statistically insignificant, was the duration of plate stabilization, which should ideally range from 172 to 232 days prior to plate removal. The sample size constituted a limitation of this study. Conclusions: Nonvascularized bone grafting remains a viable option for reconstructing mandibular segmental defects. The factors influencing graft stability can help improve clinical outcomes.
We need a global language rights movement: confronting the global language crisis with insights from social movement studies
Authors: Roche Gerald
Published: November 2024

Since the late 1980s, academics and activists have been drawing attention to a slow-moving global crisis: the ongoing destruction of global linguistic diversity. Despite this attention, language loss has proceeded unabated, and conservative estimates now suggest that around half the world’s languages will no longer be in use by the end of this century. In this provocation, I argue that only a global mass movement has the capacity to change the course of this crisis. I furthermore argue that a rights-based approach, centred on language rights, is our best bet for organising such a movement. Drawing on social movement studies, and my own experience as a language rights researcher and advocate, I explore three key areas where language rights provide the foundations for a mass movement in defence of linguistic diversity. First, I look at how language rights provide a discursive frame that resonates with other movements and clarifies the problem that needs to be addressed. Second, I look at how the concept of language rights can help recruit individuals and organisations into a mass movement and sustain their involvement in the cause. Third, I discuss how language rights provide a basis for effective collective action. In the conclusion I briefly discuss some of the challenges that will need to be overcome in forming a global mass movement for language rights.
Gentleman Joe: Marist Father Joseph Buckley's World War II Chaplaincy and His Service to the Worldwide Church
Authors: Illis Susan J.
Published: November 2024

Abstract: Father Joseph Buckley, S.M. (1905–1981), a professor, pastor, and administrator for the Society of Mary, served as an Army chaplain during World War II and as an advisor at the Second Vatican Council. His early life uniquely prepared him for life as a religious, as he lived in religious communities from the age of five until he was in his late thirties. His intelligence combined with unusual academic abilities made him well-suited for his early role as an educator. However, serving as chaplain during World War II had an enormous effect on Buckley, both personally and as a future administrator for his religious congregation. His experiences informed his beliefs, particularly as related to religious liberty and mixed marriages, and led to a commitment to reexamine the role of missionaries in the South Pacific while working toward the redevelopment and self-sufficiency of those territories.
Visually relevant on-bench through-focus analysis of intraocular lenses
Authors: Ginis Harilaos S. , Tsoukalas Spyridon , Christaras Dimitrios , Artal Pablo
Published: November 2024

Cataract surgery involves the implantation of an intraocular lens (IOL) to replace the opacified crystalline lens. Monofocal IOLs, the most common type, are intended to have the eye in focus at a given distance, usually at infinity. Simultaneous vision IOLs (SVIOLs) and extended depth of focus (EDOF) aim to minimize postoperative dependence on spectacles by providing either multiple foci or an extended depth of focus. These lenses utilize a variety of diffractive and refractive designs to achieve varied focal depths. While common optical testing methods based on the IOL’s modulation transfer function (MTF) or resolving power at best focus are essential for quality control, they do not fully address the lenses’ performance requirements in daily visual tasks such as reading in a variety of distances. The purpose of this work was to introduce a visually relevant on-bench test method, which includes an image analysis technique and a visual acuity-related image quality metric, to evaluate the through-focus performance of different commercially available IOLs. This method consists of recording a series of optotype images in a realistic eye model with the IOL, adjusting the stimulus vergence through a focus-tunable lens. We compare the results obtained with mono-focal, enhanced mono-focal, EDOF, and (diffractive) trifocal IOLs.
Dynamic strain sensing using Doppler-shift-immune phase-sensitive OFDR with ultra-weak reflection array and frequency-tracking
Authors: Yang Qiang , Xie Weilin , Wang Congfan , Li Bowen , Li Xin , Zheng Xiang , Wei Wei , Dong Yi
Published: November 2024

In distributed fiber-optic sensing based on optical frequency domain reflectometry (OFDR), Doppler frequency shifts due to the changes of disturbances during one sweep period introduce demodulation errors that accumulate along both the distance and time, impairing the sensing performance. Here, we report distributed dynamic strain sensing using Doppler-shift-immune phase-sensitive OFDR based on frequency-tracking and spectrum-zooming with an ultra-weak reflection array. A theoretical study has been carried out with the introduction of the mismatch coefficient, unveiling quantitatively the impact of the Doppler shift. Following a numerical analysis of the proposed method, a retained precision has been experimentally verified regardless of the position mismatch due to the Doppler effect. Doppler-shift-immune sensing for dynamic strains covering continuous spatial resolution over a distance of 1000 m with a 2.5 cm sensing spatial resolution has been demonstrated, verifying the high fidelity promised by the proposed method.
Wavefront distortions of a laser beam reflected from a diffraction grating with imperfect surface and groove pattern
Authors: Khazanov Efim
Published: November 2024

A formula for the wavefront of a wave reflected from a diffraction grating with an arbitrary surface profile, as well as with arbitrary non-equidistant and non-parallel grooves was obtained. It was shown that the wavefront of the reflected wave can change significantly when the grating is rotated by 180 degrees around the normal. Surface imperfection and groove pattern imperfection are equivalent for monochromatic radiation; whereas for broadband radiation, the two imperfections lead to similar but different space-time coupling effects. For holographic diffraction gratings, wavefront distortions are the sum of distortions caused by grating surface imperfection and the total surface imperfections of the optics used for writing the grating. The second summand is inversely proportional to the frequency of the radiation used to write the grating. The requirements for the flatness of the optics used to write the grating are always more stringent than the requirements for the flatness of the grating.
Visible and near-infrared nanoscale spectroscopy with photo-induced force microscopy
Authors: Chiodini Stefano , Mancini Andrea , Venturi Giacomo , Wilson William L. , Ambrosio Antonio
Published: November 2024

Photo-induced force microscopy (PiFM) uses laser modulation at the atomic force microscope cantilever's typical mechanical resonance frequency, to encode the material near-field response in the probes nanomechanics. While this technique offers the simplicity gained by mechanical detection, it can be challenging for hyperspectral measurements. Modulation in the visible and near-infrared ranges, often involves using acousto-optic modulators that introduce a wavelength-dependent laser steering, detrimental for spectroscopic purposes. Here, we introduce an innovative strategy, based on an electro-optic modulator (EOM), which eliminates the need for realignment, making PiFM a valuable tool for nanoscale spectroscopy in the visible and near-infrared spectra. We test the new EOM-based setup on a WSe2 sample where we visualize the propagation of polaritonic waveguide modes, which hybridize with the material exciton to form exciton-polaritons. Finally, we extend this EOM-based PiFM setup from standard amplitude-modulation PiFM to polarization-modulation PiFM, paving the way for investigations, at the nanoscale, of linear birefringence and dichroism in the visible and near-infrared ranges.
Advancing pure ray tracing for the simulation of volume holographic optical elements: innovations in diffractive waveguide-based augmented reality systems
Authors: Lee Tsung-Xian , Tseng Yang-Kuan , Tsai Wan-Pin , Lin Wen-Kai , Zhou Shao-Kui , Sun Chi , Liang Yuan-Yen , Yu Ye-Wei , Su Wei-Chia , Lin Shiuan-Huei , Sun Wen-Shing , Sun Ching-Cherng
Published: November 2024

As augmented reality (AR) glasses technology evolves, volume holographic diffractive waveguide designs are increasingly adopted to enhance portability and performance. Traditionally, these systems require separate geometric and wave optics approaches to handle ray propagation and holographic element diffraction, adding significant complexity to the design process. This study presents an innovative pure ray tracing simulation method that integrates geometric and wave optics seamlessly. By incorporating Kogelnik's coupled wave theory, our model accurately predicts the diffraction behavior of volume holographic optical elements (VHOEs) and converts this information into ray data for tracing, enabling exact AR imaging simulations. Applied to the design of volume holographic waveguide AR glasses, human vision simulations, and experiments validated this method's reliability, demonstrating its versatility and effectiveness. This model improves design efficiency and promotes innovative advancements in cross-theoretical optical system design, positioning it as a crucial tool for future AR glasses development.
Photo-detection correlation degrees of a two-photon source
Authors: Réfrégier Philippe , Galland Frédéric , Fade Julien
Published: November 2024

It is shown that the canonical correlation method used with the intrinsic degrees of coherence (IDOCs) to describe coherence properties of partially polarized light is effective to identify relevant properties of the photo-detection correlations of a two-photon source described with its density operator. The results are compared with other global correlation measures.
Range-scalable distributed acoustic sensing with EDFA repeaters demonstrated over 2227 km
Authors: Rønnekleiv Erlend , Sørgård Trygve , Klimentov Dmitry , Tolstik Nikolai , Waagaard Ole Henrik , Jacobsen Joacim , Stabo-Eeg Frantz , Sab Omar Ait , Calsat Alain , Plantady Philippe , Brenne Jan Kristoffer
Published: November 2024

We demonstrate a new, to the best of our knowledge, range-scalable repeatered distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) solution sharing technology with existing long-haul subsea telecom networks capable of low noise and high spatial and temporal resolution. Single ended DAS interrogation through a 2227 km line comprising 39 repeatered fiber spans is demonstrated with a 10 m spatial resolution, a 1.78 kHz sampling rate, and a strain resolution of 35 pε/√Hz for the outermost span. The technique allows for many DAS channels to be wavelength multiplexed on a single fiber pair. Addressing of spans with add/drop (A/D) multiplexers (MUX) is demonstrated with <−60 dB cross talk between spans.
Ultra-broadband terahertz radar imaging with a 4-in. spintronic strong-field emitter
Authors: Zhang Mingxuan , Li Jiahui , Liu Shaojie , Leng Ning , Ren Zejun , Yang Zehao , Chen Xinxiong , Kong Deyin , Li Jianghao , Huang Ziyu , Zhang Baolong , Wan Caihua , Bai Ming , Wu Xiaojun
Published: November 2024

Terahertz (THz) radar offers significant advantages, notably high-frequency and strong penetration ability, making it highly promising for applications in aerospace, non-destructive testing, and other imaging scenarios. However, existing THz radar imaging technologies face challenges in large-scale target detection due to the complexity and high costs of the system, which limits their development and commercial application. Here we establish a radar system based on a one-dimensional photonic crystal structure-enhanced 4-inch spintronic strong-field THz emitter and obtain THz radar signals and imaging with a signal-to-noise ratio of ∼58 dB and a bandwidth exceeding 5 THz. Through the precise design of the emitter structure, we ensure not only the generation of a high-quality uniform plane wave when the THz beam diameter reaches 4 in. but also the applicability of the THz field strength for radar imaging measurements within a 4-in. field of view area. The approach provides a promising platform for ultra-broadband, high-resolution, near-monostatic THz radar imaging, with broad potential applications in aerospace engineering, stealth testing, THz 3D reconstruction, and THz tomography.
High-efficiency focusing metalens based on metagrating arrays
Authors: Shi Jia , Wang Guanlong , Tang Longhuang , Wang Xiang , Wang Shaona , Guo Cuijuan , Bai Hua , Niu Pingjuan , Yao Jianquan , Weng Jidong
Published: November 2024

The flexible and precise control of wavefronts of electromagnetic waves has always been a hot issue, and the emergence of metasurfaces has provided a platform to solve this problem, but their design and optimization remain challenging. Here, we demonstrate two design and optimization methods for metagrating-based metalenses based on the highest manipulation efficiency and highest diffraction efficiency. The metalens operating at 0.14 THz with numerical apertures of 0.434 is designed by these two methods for comparison. Then, the metalens is fabricated with photocuring 3D printing technology and an imaging system is built to characterize the distribution of focal spots. With the highest manipulation efficiency, the metalens shows a focal spot with the diameter of 0.93λ and depth of focus (DOF) of 22.7λ, and the manipulation and diffraction efficiencies reach 98.1% and 58.3%. With the highest diffraction efficiency, the metalens shows a focal spot with the diameter of 0.91λ and DOF of 24.6λ, and the manipulation and diffraction efficiencies reach 94.6% and 62.5%. The results show that the metalenses designed by both methods can perform a filamentous focal spot in the sub-wavelength scale with a long DOF; simultaneous high manipulation and diffraction efficiencies are obtained. A transmission imaging manner is used to verify the imaging capability of the metalenses, and the measurements are satisfactorily congruous with the anticipated results. The proposed methods can stably generate focal spots beyond the physical diffraction limit, which has a broad application in terahertz imaging, communications, etc.
Changes in lung function and dyspnea perception in Colombian Covid-19 patients after a 12-week pulmonary rehabilitation program
Authors: Páez-Mora Carlos D. , Zona Diana Carolina , Angarita-Sierra Teddy , Rojas-Paredes Matilde E. , Cano-Trejos Daniela
Published: November 2024

Background

Although moderate and severe Covid-19 patients have shown obstructive and restrictive disorders in pulmonary function after recovery from the disease, studies evaluating the effectiveness of rehabilitation programs that seek to improve lung function are scarce.

Aim

Herein, we evaluate changes in lung function and perceived dyspnea in Covid-19 patients after undergoing 12 weeks of a pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) program.

Design

Retrospective observational study.

Setting

Cesar, Colombia Neumocesar Pneumological Center.

Population

100 outpatients with a history of Covid-19.

Methods

Respiratory function using spirometry parameters, as well as perceived dyspnea, measured by the modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) dyspnea scale, was evaluated in 100 patients with a history of Covid-19. We used univariate and multivariate statistical approaches to assess changes in lung function and perceived dyspnea before and after a PR program to determine whether gender, age, height, weight, comorbidities, and oxygen delivery system affects the recovery of lung function and perceived dyspnea.

Results

It was found that PR treatment has positive effects on respiratory pathologies caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection regardless of patient gender (S = 0,029), indicating that rehabilitation provided benefits regardless of the physical characteristics of the patients. Both univariate and multivariate statistical analyses indicated that FVC (P = 0,0001), FEV1(P = 0,0001), and mMRC (P = 0,0001) are robust diagnostic indicators of lung function recovery and perceived dyspnea. Both invasive and non-invasive positive pressure ventilatory support had deleterious effects on lung function prolongating patient recovery (P = 0,0001).

Conclusions

Rehabilitation programs can benefit patients facing respiratory pathologies caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection. Additional research on the long-term effects of the sequelae of Covid-19 is needed.

Clinical rehabilitation impact

PR programs have positive effects on patients facing respiratory pathologies caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Prevalence of failed induction of labor and associated factors among women who underwent induction of labor in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ayele Mulat , Tilahun Befkad Derese , Yilak Gizachew , Alamrew Abebaw , Zewdie Amare , Lake Eyob Shitie
Published: November 2024

Background

The occurrence of failed induction led to higher rates of health problems and death among mothers, mainly as a result of complications related to cesarean delivery, such as postpartum bleeding, morbidly adherent placenta and surgical site infection. Even though a systematic review and meta-analysis were done before July 2020 with limited studies, there were varies inconsistent studies after that and no updated summarize evidence about the issue as a nation. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the current pooled prevalence of failed induction and its associated factors in Ethiopia by including multiple inconsistent studies.

Methods

Comprehensive literature was searched in PubMed, Google Scholar, and HINARI from January 1, 2013, to September 23, 2023. A random effect model was used to estimate pooled prevalence and adjusted odds ratio. Stata (version17.0) was used to analyze the data. Cochrane Q-test and I squared statistics were computed to assess heterogeneity among studies. A sub group analysis was done based on study region to minimize underling heterogeneity. Funnel plot and Eggers test were done to assess publication bias and corrected by trim and fill analysis.

Result

Overall, one thousand fifty-two articles were retrieved and finally twenty-eight studies were included in this systematic review, including 9757 participants. The pooled prevalence of failed induction of labor was 22.39% (95% CI: 21.57–23.21). Subgroup analysis showed that failed induction of labor was highest in Addis Ababa and lowest in Tigray region. Rural residence (AOR = 3.31, 95% CI: 2.39–4.57), nullipara women (AOR = 2.63, 95% CI: 2.14–3.24), unfavorable bishop score (AOR = 3.98, 95% CI: 2.19–7.08), hypertensive disorder during pregnancy (AOR = 3.63, 95% CI: 2.69–5.01) and premature rupture of membranes before the onset of labor (AOR = 2.51, 95% CI: 1.5–4.26) were significantly associated with failed induction of labor.

Conclusion

The pooled prevalence of failed induction of labor in Ethiopia was high. Unfavorable bishop score, nulliparous, rural residence, women who had premature rupture of membrane and hypertensive disorder during pregnancy were significantly associated with failed induction of labor. Therefore, Healthcare providers or obstetricians should consider proper cervical assessment for bishop score before the initiation of induction. The Ministry of Health ought to create a distinct set of guidelines specifically addressing the cervical ripening and/or induction protocol for women who experienced premature rupture of membranes (PROM) and had a hypertensive disorder during pregnancy, especially those who were administered magnesium sulfate (MgSO4).
Phytochemical screening, antioxidant and anti-Parkinson activities of Berula erecta: A novel medicinal plant
Authors: Khan Asif , Ullah Fizan , Alkreathy Huda Mohammed , Ahmed Mushtaq , Khan Rahmat Ali
Published: November 2024

Berula erecta L. is traditionally used for the treatment of various human ailments. The present project was arranged to study the antioxidant and anti-Parkinson efficacy of B. erecta extracts against rotenone-induced Parkinson diseases in rats. Fine powder of the plant was extracted with methanol and then fractionated through various solvents with increasing order of polarity. Phytochemical screenings were done using standard protocols and High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) while in-vitro antioxidant activities of plant fractions were evaluated using different free radicals. In-vivo anti-Parkinson and oxidative dysfunction experiments were conducted in rats. Results revealed that various fractions possessed flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids saponins, tannin, anthraquinon, and phlobatanine, while terpeniods and alkaloids were absent in aqueous fraction. Chromatographic analysis of methanol fraction showed the presence of various bioactive compounds viz., vitexin, orientin, rutin, catechin and myricetin. In-vitro antioxidant activities of various fractions of Berula erecta (B.erecta) showed that methanol fraction has remarkable scavenging efficacy of 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), beta carotene, and superoxide free radicals followed by chloroform fraction. Free radicals produced by 2,2’-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS), Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl free radicals were considerably scavenged by methanol fraction followed by ethyl acetate fractions. In-vivo study of animal model showed that methanol fraction has significant recovery effects at behavioural, physiological and biochemical level against rotenone induced Parkinson disease. B.erecta has significantly improved rotenone-induced motor and nonmotor deficits (depression and cognitive impairments), increased antioxidant enzyme activity, and reduced neurotransmitter changes. It has been concluded from the present data that B.erecta enhances neurotransmitter levels by alleviating oxidative stress and antioxidant enzyme activity, hence improving motor activity, cognitive functioning, and decreasing depressed behavior. These data suggest that B. erecta may be a promising medicinal agent for reducing the risk and progression of Parkinson’s disease.
Presence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in feces exacerbate leaky gut in mice with low dose dextran sulfate solution, impacts of specific bacteria
Authors: Panpetch Wimonrat , Tumwasorn Somying , Leelahavanichkul Asada
Published: November 2024

The impact of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) was explored in a mouse model with non-diarrheal gut permeability defect using 1.5% dextran sulfate solution (DSS) plus antibiotics (ATB) with or without orally administered PA. As such, ATB+DSS+PA mice induced more severe intestinal injury as indicated by stool consistency and leaky gut (FITC-dextran assay, bacteremia, and endotoxemia) with an increase in serum cytokines, liver enzyme, and hepatocyte apoptosis when compared with ATB+DSS mice. There was no abnormality by these parameters in the non-DSS group, including water alone (control), antibiotics alone (ATB+water), and antibiotics with PA (ATB+water+PA). Despite a similarly fecal microbiome patterns between ATB+DSS and ATB+DSS+PA groups, a higher abundance of Pseudomonas, Enterococci, and Escherichia-Shigella was detected in ATB+DSS+PA mice. Additionally, the additive pro-inflammation between pathogen molecules, using heat-killed P. aeruginosa preparations, and LPS against enterocytes (Caco2) and hepatocytes (HegG2), as indicated by supernatant IL-8 and expression of several genes (IL-8, NF-kB, and NOS2) are demonstrated. In conclusion, presence of P. aeruginosa in the gut exacerbated DSS-induced intestinal injury with spontaneous translocation of LPS and bacteria from the gut into the blood circulation (leaky gut) that induced more severe systemic inflammation. The presence of pathogenic bacteria, especially PA in stool of the healthy individuals might have some adverse effect. More studies are in needed.
Glycemia reduction in type 2 diabetes—Hypoglycemia outcomes: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Seaquist Elizabeth R. , Phillips Lawrence S. , Ghosh Alokananda , Baker Chelsea , Bergenstal Richard M. , Crandall Jill P. , Goland Robin S. , Gramzinski Michaela R. , Hox Sophia H. , Hsia Daniel S. , Johnson Mary L. , Lachin John M. , Raskin Philip , Valencia Willy M. , Waltje Andrea H. , Younes Naji ,   for the GRADE Research Group
Published: November 2024

Objective

Hypoglycemia is a major concern in type 2 diabetes (T2DM), but little is known about its likelihood compared across common therapies. We compared the likelihood of hypoglycemia among metformin-treated patients with T2DM randomized to the addition of one of 4 common therapies.

Research design & methods

Randomized, controlled trial of 5,047 participants with T2DM of <10 years’ duration, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) 6.8–8.5% (50.8–69.4 mmol/mol). Randomization to addition of glargine U100, glimepiride, liraglutide, or sitagliptin over 5.0 ± 1.3 (mean ± SD) years. HbA1c was measured quarterly; if a level >7.5% (>58.5 mmol/mol) was confirmed, rescue glargine and/or aspart insulin was added. We conducted a per-protocol analysis of 4,830, who attended at least one post-baseline visit and took at least one dose of assigned study medication. We assessed severe hypoglycemia events reported throughout the entire study. At quarterly visits, all participants were asked about hypoglycemic symptoms within the last 30 days, and those in the glargine and glimepiride groups were asked for any measured glucose <70 mg/dL (3.9 mmol/L) within this time period.

Results

While participants were taking their assigned medications, severe hypoglycemia occurred in 10 (0.8%), 16 (1.3%), 6 (0.5%), and 4 (0.3%), (p<0.05) and hypoglycemic symptoms in 659 (54.2%), 833 (68.3%), 375 (32.4%), and 361 (29.1%) of participants following randomization to glargine, glimepiride, liraglutide, and sitagliptin, respectively (p<0.001).

Conclusions

In metformin-treated patients with T2DM who add a second medication, hypoglycemia is most likely with addition of glimepiride, less with glargine, and least likely with liraglutide and sitagliptin.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01794143.
Expanding understanding of chick embryo’s nervous system development at HH22-HH41 embryonic stages using X-ray microcomputed tomography
Authors: Rzhepakovsky Igor , Piskov Sergey , Avanesyan Svetlana , Shakhbanov Magomed , Sizonenko Marina , Timchenko Lyudmila , Nagdalian Andrey , Shariati Mohammad Ali , Al-Farga Ammar , Aqlan Faisal , Likhovid Andrey
Published: November 2024

Assessing the embryotoxicity and teratogenicity of various substances and processes is crucial due to their complexity and resource intensity. The chicken embryo (CE) serves an ideal model for simulating the first months of mammalian embryonic development. This makes the CE a reliable model for testing teratogenic effects, particularly in relation to the nervous system (NS), which experiences developmental abnormalities second in frequency only to cardiovascular teratogenic disorders. Microcomputed tomography (μCT) is a promising method for studying these processes. The advantages of μCT include relatively high research speed, diagnostic accuracy, high resolution and the ability to visualize the entire internal 3D structure of an object while preserving for other types of research. At the same time, there are practically no available databases of normative μCT data, both qualitative and quantitative, which would act as a starting point for screening detection of abnormalities in the development of the NS. In this study, we present a simple method for obtaining very detailed quantitative sets of 2D and 3D μCT data of NS structures of the CE (Gallus Gallus domesticus) at HH22-HH41 embryonic stages with contrasting by 1% phosphotungstic acid. The results of μCT demonstrate the exact boundaries, high general and differentiated contrast of the main and specific structures of the NS of CE, which are quantitatively and qualitatively similar to results of histological analysis. Calculations of the X-ray density and volume of the main structures of the NS at constant exponential growth are presented. In addition to the increase in linear dimensions, significant changes in the structures of various parts of the brain were identified and visualized during the CE development at HH22 to HH41 embryonic stages. The data presented establish the first methodology for obtaining normative data, including subtle localized differences in the NS in CE embryogenesis. The data obtained open up new opportunities for modern embryology, teratology, pharmacology and toxicology.
Green light enhances the phytochemical preservation of lettuce during postharvest cold storage
Authors: Salehinia Shafieh , Didaran Fardad , Aliniaeifard Sasan , Zohrabi Saman , MacPherson Sarah , Lefsrud Mark
Published: November 2024

The postharvest lighting environment is a main factor that influences quality preservation for harvested biomass. The objective of this study was to evaluate postharvest changes in bioactive compounds of lettuce with different storage light spectra. The effects of green LEDs with peaks at 500 nm and 530 nm, white LEDs (400–700 nm), and dark storage were evaluated, where light intensity (10 μmol m-2 s-1) and photoperiod (12 h per day) were constant with air temperature at 5°C over the 14 d treatment period. Lettuce stored with 500 nm and 530 nm green LEDs exhibited 1474.5% and 1451.8% (approximately 15.7 and 15.5 times) higher antioxidant activity, respectively, compared to dark storage. Significant improvements in total phenolic content, and 67.5% and 64.8% increases in total soluble solids with 530 nm and 500 nm green LEDs over dark storage were discerned. Exposure to 530 nm green LEDs led to 128.2% (approximately 2.28 times) higher anthocyanin content, a 26.2% increase in carotenoids, and a 95% rise in flavonoid content compared to dark storage. Increases of 26.4% and 16.0% in chlorophyll a content in lettuce stored under 500 nm and 530 nm green LEDs, respectively, and 65.6% and 46.6% rises in the Chlorophyll a/b ratio were observed. Compared to dark storage, green LEDs (500 nm) resulted in a 13.5% higher total chlorophyll content. Findings underscore the positive impact of green LEDs on the nutritional quality of lettuce, providing insight for postharvest practices.
Null effect of perceived drum pattern complexity on the experience of groove
Authors: Senn Olivier , Hoesl Florian , Bechtold Toni Amadeus , Kilchenmann Lorenz , Jerjen Rafael , Witek Maria
Published: November 2024

There is a broad consensus in groove research that the experience of groove, understood as a pleasurable urge to move in response to music, is to some extent related to the complexity of the rhythm. Specifically, music with medium rhythmic complexity has been found to motivate greater urge to move compared to low or high complexity music (inverted-U hypothesis). Studies that confirmed the inverted-U hypothesis usually based their measure of complexity on the rhythmic phenomenon of syncopation, where rhythms with more and/or stronger syncopation are considered to be more complex than less syncopated rhythms. However, syncopation is not the same as complexity and represents only one rhythmic device that makes music complex. This study attempts the verification of the inverted-U hypothesis independently from syncopation. It uses a new stimulus set of forty idiomatic popular music drum patterns whose perceptual complexity was measured experimentally in a previous study. The current study reports the results of a listening experiment with n = 179 participants, in which the inverted-U hypothesis was not confirmed. Complexity did not have any significant effect on listeners’ urge to move (p = 834). Results are discussed in the context of the psychological model of musical groove, which offers a nuance to this null result: simple drum patterns motivate listeners to dance because they convey metric clarity; complex patterns invite dancing because they are interesting. Yet, overall, the urge to move does not seem to depend on complexity, at least in the case of idiomatic drum patterns that are typically encountered in the Western popular music repertoire.
JmjC domain-containing histone demethylase gene family in Chinese cabbage: Genome-wide identification and expressional profiling
Authors: Yin Fengrui , Hu Yuanfeng , Cao Xiaoqun , Xiao Xufeng , Zhang Ming , Xiang Yan , Wang Liangdeng , Yao Yuekeng , Sui Meilan , Shi Wenling
Published: November 2024

The Jumonji C (JmjC) structural domain-containing gene family plays essential roles in stress responses. However, descriptions of this family in Brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis (Chinese cabbage) are still scarce. In this study, we identified 29 members of the BrJMJ gene family, with cis-acting elements related to light, low temperature, anaerobic conditions, and phytohormone responses. Most BrJMJs were highly expressed in the siliques and flowers, suggesting that histone demethylation may play a crucial role in reproductive organ development. The expression of BrJMJ1, BrJMJ2, BrJMJ5, BrJMJ13, BrJMJ21 and BrJMJ24 gradually increased with higher Cd concentration under Cd stress, while BrJMJ4 and BrJMJ29 could be induced by osmotic, salt, cold, and heat stress. These results demonstrate that BrJMJs are responsive to abiotic stress and support future analysis of their biological functions.
Onset of circadian rhythmicity in the brain of Atlantic salmon is linked to exogenous feeding
Authors: Eilertsen Mariann , Norland Sissel , Dolan David W. P. , Karlsen Rita , Gomes Ana S. , Bolton Charlotte M. , Migaud Herve , Rønnestad Ivar , Helvik Jon Vidar
Published: November 2024

An organism’s biological processes are adapted to and driven by rhythmicity in the natural environment and periodicity of light is one of the most influential factors. In a developing organism, the onset of circadian rhythmicity might indicate the time point of functional necessity for aligning processes to the environment. Here, the circadian clock mechanism has been studied in the developing brain of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), by comparing the endogenous feeding alevin, independent on the environment for nutritional supply, to the exogenous feeding fry, dependent on the light period for detecting and catching prey. The results showed that while only a few clock genes were cyclic in the yolk sac alevins, many of the clock genes and genes of the circadian rhythm pathway cycled significantly in the feeding fry. Few genes were differentially expressed between time points in the circadian sampling series during the yolk sac stage, but several hundred genes were found differentially expressed in the first feeding stage. Genes important for cell cycle progression were cyclic or differentially expressed between time points after exogenous feeding, indicating a clock-controlled cell cycle at this stage. The expression of important genes in the melatonin synthesis were also cyclic in the feeding fry with an acrophase in the transition between light and dark or in darkness. Analyzing the impact of exogenous feeding on the developing brain supported a shift from utilization of proteins and lipids in the yolk to utilization and allocation of dietary energy and nutrients. Taken together, the life history transition related to onset of exogenous feeding is linked to the establishment of a persistent circadian rhythmicity in the salmon brain, which needs to be synchronized to light-dark cycles to enable the fry to search and capture feed.
Effect of nanoencapsulation on the solubility and antioxidant activity of astaxanthin pigmented oil extracted from shrimp waste (Litopeneaus vannamei)
Authors: Santos Renata Nayane Fernandes dos , Passos Thaís Souza , Fernandes Rafael da Silva , Matsui Kátia Nicolau , de Sousa Júnior Francisco Canindé , Damasceno Karla Suzanne Florentino da Silva Chaves , de Assis Cristiane Fernandes
Published: November 2024

Astaxanthin-pigmented oil from shrimp waste meal was nanoencapsulated by O/W emulsification using porcine gelatin (EAG) and a combination with soy protein (EAGS 2:2 and EAGS 3:1) to improve the solubility and antioxidant activity of the pigmented oil. The encapsulates presented spherical shape and smooth surface; particle size equal to 159.68 (14.42) nm for EAG, 192.72 (10.44) nm for EAGS 2:2, and 95.41 (17.83) nm for EAGS 3:1; amorphous structure; and chemical interactions. The oil incorporation efficiency ranged from 87.60–89.20%, the percentage of astaxanthin incorporated was approximately 68%, and the dispersibility in water around 50%. The antioxidant potential evaluation indicated that all formulations preserve or enhance the antioxidant activity of the oil up to three times than non-encapsulated oil. Therefore, porcine gelatin alone or in combination with soy protein was effective in promoting the solubility and enhancing the antioxidant activity of the astaxanthin-pigmented oil, demonstrating interesting characteristics for use in food.
Executive functioning is associated to everyday interference of pain in patients with chronic pain
Authors: Berginström Nils , Wåhlin Sofia , Österlund Linn , Holmqvist Anna , Löfgren Monika , Stålnacke Britt-Marie , Möller Marika C.
Published: November 2024

Dysfunction in executive functions is common among patients with chronic pain. However, the relationships between executive functioning and pain management have not been extensively studied. In this study, 189 outpatients (160 women, 29 men; mean age 33.15) with chronic pain underwent an extensive neuropsychological assessment, including several tests of executive functions. In addition, all participants completed self-assessment questionnaires regarding pain and interference of pain in everyday life. After adjusting for effects of age, education, and depression, several aspects of executive functioning were significantly associated with self-assessed everyday interference of pain (rs = 0.13–0.22, all ps < 0.05). This indicates that lower performance on tests of executive functioning was significantly associated with a higher degree of pain interference and a lower degree of life control. Pain characteristics such as pain intensity, pain duration, and pain spreading were not associated with executive functioning. These results suggest that preserved executive functions are related to better coping with pain, but not directly to the pain itself, in patients with chronic pain. Depression was also associated with self-management of pain, indicating that patients with lower executive functioning in combination with depression may need special attention during rehabilitation.
Propagation behavior of coal crack induced by liquid CO2 phase change blasting considering blasting pressure effects
Authors: Ma Shu , Li Guiming , Zhang Yongjiang , Liu Hao
Published: November 2024

To investigate the crack propagation mechanisms in low-permeability coal seams induced by liquid CO2 phase change blasting under different blasting pressures, this research presents an experimental study conducted on a small liquid CO2 phase change blasting test system. The failure mode, crack morphology, and distribution characteristics of the coal rock model specimens under different liquid CO2 phase change blasting pressure were revealed, analyzing the crack shapes and expansion process. The results show that with increasing blasting pressure, both the number and complexity of cracks significantly increase under liquid CO2 phase change blasting, evolving from simple linear cracks to more complex multi-directional networks. Furthermore, the process of crack generation and expansion during liquid CO2 phase change blasting in coal and rock is controlled by the interaction of shock waves and quasi-static stress resulting from high-pressure CO2 phase transition in the borehole. Cracks form in distinct zones: the broken zone, where shock waves cause severe crushing near the borehole; the crack zone, where quasi-static tensile stress drives crack propagation. Higher confining and CO2 blasting pressures increase crack propagation. The research results offer valuable insights for optimizing blasting design in liquid CO2 phase change fracturing.
Prediction of iodine-125 seed implantation efficacy in lung cancer using an enhanced CT-based nomogram model
Authors: Guibin Deng , Xiaolan Shen , Wei Zhang , Xiaoli Lan , Liu Dehui
Published: November 2024

Background

Lung cancer, a leading cause of death, sees variable outcomes with iodine-125 seed implantation. Predictive tools are lacking, complicating clinical decisions. This study integrates radiomics and clinical features to develop a predictive model, advancing personalized treatment.

Objective

To construct a nomogram model combining enhanced CT image features and general clinical characteristics to evaluate the efficacy of radioactive iodine-125 seed implantation in lung cancer treatment.

Methods

Patients who underwent lung iodine-125 seed implantation at the Nuclear Medicine Department of Xiling Campus, Yichang Central People’s Hospital from January 1, 2018, to January 31, 2024, were randomly divided into a training set (73 cases) and a test set (31 cases). Radiomic features were extracted from the enhanced CT images, and optimal clinical factors were analyzed to construct clinical, radiomics, and combined models. The best model was selected and validated for its role in assessing the efficacy of iodine-125 seed implantation in lung cancer patients.

Results

Three clinical features and five significant radiomic features were successfully selected, and a combined nomogram model was constructed to evaluate the efficacy of iodine-125 seed implantation in lung cancer patients. The AUC values of the model in the training and test sets were 0.95 (95% CI: 0.91–0.99) and 0.83 (95% CI: 0.69–0.98), respectively. The calibration curve demonstrated good agreement between predicted and observed values, and the decision curve indicated that the combined model outperformed the clinical or radiomics model across the majority of threshold ranges.

Conclusion

A combined nomogram model was successfully developed to assess the efficacy of iodine-125 seed implantation in lung cancer patients, demonstrating good clinical predictive performance and high clinical value.