bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Access to finance and SMEs’ trade credit: evidence from a regression discontinuity design
Authors: Yang Wei , Li Haiyang , Kong Gaowen , Kong Dongmin
Published: September 2020

We evaluate the substitution effect between formal and informal institutions based on a natural experiment in China, i.e., the targeted reserve requirement ratio cut (TRRRC) policy. TRRRC creates a large and persistent discontinuity affecting loan availability for small and micro‐enterprises (SMEs) with sales below specific cut‐offs. Using the regression discontinuity design, we show that the trade credit of SMEs is significantly lower for firms with sales below the cut‐offs, indicating a substitution effect of banking loan on trade credit. Our findings are more pronounced for firms with poor product market performance, weak mortgage capability, young age, and poor financial environment.
Environmental and psychological variables influencing reactions to the COVID‐19 outbreak
Authors: Rubaltelli Enrico , Tedaldi Elisa , Orabona Noemi , Scrimin Sara
Published: September 2020

Objective

The COVID‐19 outbreak in Italy caused a major health emergency and high uncertainty. We studied how media outlets, risk perception, state anxiety, and emotion regulation impacted peoples’ reactions and undertaking of protective behaviours aimed at reducing the spread of the virus.

Design

Data were collected in two cross‐sectional waves (N = 992 at T1; N = 1031 at T2): at the beginning of the outbreak and once the national lockdown was imposed.

Methods

Participants completed online surveys on their perception of the COVID‐19 outbreak. Moreover, they were asked to self‐report on their emotion regulation, state anxiety, and protective behaviours.

Results

Media exposure and wave predicted risk perception. An interaction between wave, risk perception, and emotion regulation predicted the number of protective behaviours people undertook. Specifically, in the second wave, the number of protective behaviours was predicted by risk perception only among those who were ineffective at regulating emotions. Instead, effective regulators undertook the same number of behaviours regardless of their level of risk perception. In the second wave, we also found that the risk perception by emotion interaction predicting protective behaviours was mediated by state anxiety.

Conclusions

The present study provides important insights on how people experienced the early stages of the outbreak. This information could prove valuable in the coming months to understand who might have been more impacted by the stress caused by the COVID‐19 pandemic and the consequent restrictive measures.
Review: How has cognitive behaviour therapy been adapted for adolescents with comorbid depression and chronic illness? A scoping review
Authors: Morey Alice , Loades Maria E.
Published: September 2020

Background

Depression becomes increasingly common in adolescence. Around 10%–20% of adolescents have a chronic illness, and they are more likely to experience depression. There is emerging evidence for cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) interventions to treat depression in adolescents with chronic illnesses, yet no review has been undertaken of how these CBT interventions are delivered in practice.

Methods

We conducted a scoping review to summarise how CBT has been delivered in adolescents with chronic illness and depression. We included studies that evaluated CBT aimed at treating depression/depressive symptoms in adolescents with chronic illness. Searches were carried out across Embase and PsycNET.

Results

Twelve studies met our inclusion criteria. These included diabetes (n = 3), inflammatory bowel disease (n = 3), polycystic ovary syndrome (n = 2), chronic headache (n = 1), chronic pain (n = 1), chronic fatigue syndrome (n = 1) and Fanconi anaemia (n = 1). Adaptations made to the delivery of CBT included cognitive restructuring of illness‐related thoughts, behavioural activation balancing illness‐related and enjoyable activities, psychoeducation of the comorbidity and link between the chronic illness and depression, relationship building, skill building and parental or familial involvement. CBT was typically delivered by trained professionals with expertise in working with adolescents, who worked under supervision.

Conclusions

CBT for depression is commonly adapted for this population, and the nature of cognitions and behaviours targeted in CBT may typically depend on how the chronic illness presents. There is relatively little evidence to date, and a need for more research into the efficacy and effectiveness of treatments for adolescent depression in this vulnerable population specifically.
Discovering the Biases Children Bring to Language Learning
Authors: Goldin‐Meadow Susan
Published: September 2020

The linguistic input children receive has a massive and immediate effect on their language acquisition. This fact makes it difficult to discover the biases that children bring to language learning simply because their input is likely to obscure those biases. In this article, I turn to children who lack linguistic input to aid in this discovery: deaf children whose hearing losses prevent their acquisition of spoken language and whose hearing parents have not yet exposed them to sign language. These children lack input from a conventional language model, yet create gestures, called homesigns, to communicate with hearing individuals. Homesigns have many, although not all, of the properties of human language. These properties offer the clearest window onto the linguistic structures that children seek as they either learn or, in the case of homesigners, construct language.
Architectures of Pain: Racism and Monuments Removal Activism in the “New” New Orleans
Authors: Croegaert Ana
Published: September 2020

In 2017, the City of New Orleans removed four segregation‐era monuments celebrating the Southern Confederacy and valorizing white supremacist ideology. As in other cities, efforts to remove such monuments are not new, and historically have been connected to collective challenges to racialized inequality, and more recently to transnational postcolonial struggles. Given the longstanding activism in favor of removing such monuments I ask, Why now? In exploring this question, I examine the circulation of images, talk, and text about the monuments in relation to the city’s post‐2005 political economy and find that people’s expressed sentiments regarding the statues illuminate the ongoing challenges faced by New Orleans’ multiracial working‐class and poor residents. I argue that the city administration’s framing of the monuments as emblems of an unequal past decouples the monuments’ removal from the urgent need to meaningfully address present inequalities. While clearing the cityscape of these four monuments makes neighborhoods more palatable to residents who oppose overt symbols of white supremacy, it may also paradoxically contribute to gentrified redevelopment that displaces predominantly non‐white poor and working‐class residents.
A Concurrent Entity Component System for Geographical Wildlife Epidemiological Modeling
Authors: Davis Austin V. , Wang Shaowen
Published: September 2020

North American bat species have been undergoing extreme population declines due to the White‐Nose Syndrome (WNS) epidemic caused by the spread of its pathogen, Pseudogymnoascus destructans. Existing models that represent the spread of the disease are limited in their scalability for use in management decisions or lacked the sophistication necessary to capture the complexity of WNS spread. Grounded in the theory of geoexpression, we exploit the latent structure of geographical process concurrency by implementing our modeling software using a concurrent Entity Component System architecture. We demonstrate our model’s computational tractability for millions of individual bats. This work is significant because it lays the foundation for the use of advanced cyberinfrastructure and cyberGIS to address challenges in geographical wildlife epidemiology that can be understood using dynamic geographical Individual‐Based Models.
The Development of Impulsivity and Sensation Seeking: Associations with Substance Use among At‐Risk Adolescents
Authors: Wasserman Alexander M. , Mathias Charles W. , Hill‐Kapturczak Nathalie , Karns‐Wright Tara E. , Dougherty Donald M.
Published: September 2020

We investigated if the dual systems model could explain the increased rates of substance use among at‐risk youth. This study sampled 365 adolescents, 289 of which had a family history of substance use disorder, assessed biannually between the ages 13–16 years old. Growth curve analyses revealed that higher levels of impulsivity were related to higher levels of sensation seeking and a slower rate of decline in impulsivity was related to a faster rate of increase in sensation seeking. Only family history status and sensation seeking were directly associated with substance use (marijuana, alcohol) at age 16, though family history status was also indirectly related to substance use through higher levels of impulsivity to higher levels of sensation seeking.
A meta‐analysis of microRNA networks regulated by melatonin in cancer: Portrait of potential candidates for breast cancer treatment
Authors: Chuffa Luiz Gustavo de Almeida , Carvalho Robson Francisco , Justulin Luis Antônio , Cury Sarah Santiloni , Seiva Fábio Rodrigues Ferreira , Jardim‐Perassi Bruna Victorasso , Zuccari Debora Aparecida Pires de Campos , Reiter Russel J.
Published: September 2020

Melatonin is a ubiquitous molecule with a broad spectrum of functions including widespread anti‐cancer activities. Identifying how melatonin intervenes in complex molecular signaling at the gene level is essential to guide proper therapies. Using meta‐analysis approach, herein we examined the role of melatonin in regulating the expression of 46 microRNAs (miRNAs) and their target genes in breast, oral, gastric, colorectal, and prostate cancers, and glioblastoma. The deregulated miRNA‐associated target genes revealed their involvement in the regulation of cellular proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, senescence, and autophagy. Melatonin changes the expression of miRNA‐associated genes in breast, gastric, and oral cancers. These genes are associated with cellular senescence, the hedgehog signaling pathway, cell proliferation, p53 signaling, and the hippo signaling pathway. Conversely, colorectal and prostate cancers as well as glioblastoma and oral carcinoma present a clear pattern of less pronounced changes in the expression of miRNA‐associated genes. Most notably, colorectal cancer displayed a unique molecular change in response to melatonin. Considering breast cancer network complexity, we compared the genes found during the meta‐analysis with RNA‐Seq data from breast cancer‐bearing mice treated with melatonin. Mechanistically, melatonin upregulated genes associated with immune responses and apoptotic processes, whereas it downregulated genes involved in cellular aggressiveness/metastasis (eg, mitosis, telomerase activity, and angiogenesis). We further characterized the expression profile of our gene subsets with human breast cancer and found eight upregulated genes and 16 downregulated genes that were appositively correlated with melatonin. Our results pose a multi‐dimension network of tumor‐associated genes regulated by miRNAs potentially targeted by melatonin.
Population genetic structure and dispersal patterns of grey wolfs (Canis lupus) and golden jackals (Canis aureus) in Georgia, the Caucasus
Authors: Shakarashvili M. , Kopaliani N. , Gurielidze Z. , Dekanoidze D. , Ninua L. , Tarkhnishvili D.
Published: September 2020

Grey wolf and golden jackal are both common in Georgia, although they have different habitat preferences. The wolf is more common in mountain areas of the country, and jackals are more common in the lowland part of Georgia, with its milder and warmer climate. In recent decades, the abundance of both species increased. Simultaneously, the jackals are increasingly often sighted at higher elevations than previously recorded, and simultaneously, there are increased sightings of the wolves in lowlands of western Georgia, including the areas close to the Black Sea Coast. The analysis of partial mitochondrial DNA sequences and 20 microsatellite markers suggest substantially higher genetic diversity of wolves than the jackals in Georgia, which could be related to the late expansion of jackals into the Caucasus region (not before the Bronze Age). Clustering using a Bayesian approach based on the microsatellite markers suggests that the vast majority of both jackals and wolves sampled in western Georgia descend from recent migrants from the east of the country. The expansion of the two species may be related to the conservation efforts in the latest decades or/and climate change that explains the appearance of jackals in the mountain regions of Georgia, as well as in northern Europe.
The effects of cognitive load during an investigative interviewing task on mock interviewers’ recall of information
Authors: Hanway Pamela , Akehurst Lucy , Vernham Zarah , Hope Lorraine
Published: September 2020

Purpose

Although investigative interviewers receive training in interviewing techniques, they often fail to comply with recommended practices. Interviewers are required to actively listen, accurately remember information, think of questions to ask, make judgements, and seek clarification, whilst conducting interviews with witnesses, victims, or suspects. The current study examined the impact of increased cognitive load on mock interviewers’ recall of a witness’s account.

Method

Participants took the role of an investigative interviewer in one of three conditions, high cognitive load (HCL), moderate cognitive load (MCL), or no cognitive load (NCL). Participants watched a video‐recorded free narrative of a child witness during which they followed condition‐relevant task instructions. Each participant rated their perceived cognitive load during their task and then recalled (free and cued recall) the content of the witness’s account.

Results

Participants in the HCL and MCL conditions perceived higher cognitive load and demonstrated poorer performance on the free recall task than those in the NCL condition. Participants in the HCL condition demonstrated poorer performance on the cued recall task compared to participants in the NCL condition.

Conclusions

The cognitive demands required to complete an investigative interview task led to an increased perceived cognitive load and had a negative impact on recall performance for mock interviewers. Accurately recalling what has been reported by a witness is vital during an investigation. Inaccurate recall can impact on interviewers’ questioning and their compliance with recommended interviewing practices. Developing and practising interview techniques may help interviewers to better cope with the high cognitive demands of investigative interviewing.
The geographic distribution of the US pediatric dermatologist workforce: A national cross‐sectional study
Authors: Ashrafzadeh Sepideh , Peters Gregory A. , Brandling‐Bennett Heather A. , Huang Jennifer T.
Published: September 2020

Background /Objectives

Although 82% of pediatricians report that their patients have difficulty accessing pediatric dermatologists, the regions with greatest need for the specialty are not well‐defined. We aimed to determine the geographic distribution of pediatric dermatologists relative to the number of children and pediatric generalists.

Methods

We performed a cross‐sectional study of all US board‐certified pediatric dermatologists, generalists (defined as pediatricians and family medicine physicians), and children in 2020. Data were obtained from the Society for Pediatric Dermatology, American Board of Pediatrics, Centers for Medicare and Medicaid, and US Census Bureau. Number of children, pediatric dermatologists, and pediatric generalists were tabulated in each county and state, and the distributions of pediatric dermatologists and generalists relative to the population of children were quantified with the Gini coefficient.

Results

Of 317 pediatric dermatologists, 243 (76.7%) were women and 311 (98.1%) worked in a metropolitan county. A pediatric dermatologist was present in 41/50 (82%) states and 142/3228 (4.4%) counties. Not a single pediatric dermatologist was found in 54/92 (58.7%) counties with 100 000‐199 999 children, 15/53 (28.3%) counties with 200 000‐499 999 children, and 4/13 (30.8%) counties with ≥500 000 children. The Gini coefficient for the state‐level distribution of pediatric dermatologists relative to population of children was 0.488 compared to 0.132 for that of pediatric generalists.

Conclusion

There is a maldistribution of pediatric dermatologists, resulting in children with unmet dermatologic needs in nine states and 96 heavily populated counties. These results can inform initiatives to recruit pediatric dermatologists and to expand telehealth access to specific high‐density areas.
Novel HLA‐DPB1 alleles in Spanish individuals: DPB1*02:01:57, DPB1*17:01:04, DPB1*1117:01 and DPB1*1124:01
Authors: Balas Antonio , Planelles Dolores , Moreno‐Hidalgo Miguel A. , Rodríguez‐Cebria Manuel , Vicario José L.
Published: September 2020

Identification of four new HLA‐DPB1 alleles, DPB1*02:01:57, *17:01:04, *1117:01, *1124:01.
MULTITEMPORAL HISTOGRAM MATCHING – A NEW APPROACH OF MOSS AND LICHEN CHANGE DETECTION FROM LANDSAT IN DATA-POOR ANTARCTICA ENVIRONMENTS
Authors: Hossain Mohammad Shawkat , Hashim Mazlan
Published: September 2020

Mosses and lichens are important components of Antarctic ecosystems. Maps of these vegetation are needed to improve our understanding of ecosystem dynamics. This requires species distribution to be mapped repeatedly over time, a critical task that becomes extremely challenging in data-poor Antarctic regions, where the lack of field data, logistics, coupled with scarcity of cloud free, quality multitemporal Landsat imagery are major intrinsic constraints to time-series analysis for change detection. This study firstly analyzes the spectral curves of moss and lichen generated by field-based spectroradiometer and then proposes an innovative histogram matching technique where historical Landsat data is modified such that its histogram matches that of present (reference) dataset. This has made it possible to mapping multitemporal Landsat data in the Antarctic Peninsula. The results demonstrate an overall accuracy of 90.5%. Mapping of Arctic vegetation facilitated by histogram matching of Landsat image, according to the results, seems to be an advisable image processing technique for application in a data-poor context.
Schwarzschild de Sitter and extremal surfaces
Authors: Fernandes Karan , Kolekar Kedar S. , Narayan K. , Roy Sourav
Published: September 2020

We study extremal surfaces in the Schwarzschild de Sitter spacetime with real mass parameter. We find codim-2 timelike extremal surfaces stretching between the future and past boundaries that pass through the vicinity of the cosmological horizon in a certain limit. These are analogous to the surfaces in http://arxiv.org/abs/1711.01107 [hep-th]. We also find spacelike surfaces that never reach the future/past boundaries but stretch indefinitely through the extended Penrose diagram, passing through the vicinity of the cosmological and Schwarzschild horizons in a certain limit. Further, these exhibit interesting structure for de Sitter space (zero mass) as well as in the extremal, or Nariai, limit.
Correction to: Association of statin use and clinical outcomes in heart failure patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Bielecka-Dabrowa Agata , Bytyçi Ibadete , Von Haehling Stephan , Anker Stefan , Jozwiak Jacek , Rysz Jacek , Hernandez Adrian V. , Bajraktari Gani , Mikhailidis Dimitri P. , Banach Maciej
Published: September 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.
Endometriosis-induced massive hemoperitoneum misdiagnosed as ruptured ectopic pregnancy: a case report
Authors: Kim Bong Hyeon , Park Seong Nam , Kim Byoung Ryun
Published: September 2020

Background

Endometriosis, an estrogen-dependent inflammatory disease, is commonly observed in gynecologic practice. Spontaneous hemoperitoneum is a rare but serious complication of endometriosis. Most cases of endometriosis-induced hemoperitoneum are attributable to a ruptured endometrioma or utero-ovarian vessel hemorrhage. We report a case of massive hemoperitoneum secondary to intra-abdominal bleeding from the peritoneal endometriotic deposits with spontaneous abortion that was misdiagnosed as a ruptured ectopic pregnancy.

Case presentation

A 36-year-old Korean woman was admitted to our hospital for acute abdominal pain and vaginal bleeding. She was suspected of ruptured ectopic pregnancy on the basis of a positive serum human chorionic gonadotropin test result and ultrasonographic evidence of pelvic fluid collection. During hospitalization, her symptoms deteriorated with peritoneal irritation sign on physical examination, hypotension, and tachycardia. Emergency exploratory laparoscopy was performed and revealed active bleeding from the peritoneal endometriotic deposit, which was treated with laparoscopic electrocoagulation. The patient’s postoperative course was uneventful. Spontaneous abortion was diagnosed on the basis of decreased serial serum human chorionic gonadotropin level estimation.

Conclusions

Although rare, gynecologists should consider endometriosis-induced hemoperitoneum with spontaneous abortion in the differential diagnosis in women of reproductive age presenting with a positive serum human chorionic gonadotropin test result and acute abdomen with intra-abdominal bleeding.
COVID-19 susceptibility: potential of ACE2 polymorphisms
Authors: Chaudhary Mayank
Published: September 2020

Background

Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is a metallopeptidase that primarily functions as a negative regulator of renin angiotensin system (RAS) by converting angiotensin II (Ang II) to angiotensin 1-7. Contrary to this, another RAS component, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) catalyzes synthesis of Ang II from angiotensin I (Ang I) that functions as active compound in blood pressure regulation. This indicates importance of ACE/ACE2 level in regulating blood pressure by targeting Ang II. An outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) highlighted the additional role of ACE2 as a receptor for SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV) infection.

Main body of the abstract

ACE2 is a functional receptor for SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2. Activation of spike (S)-protein by either type II transmembrane serine proteases (TTSPs) or cathepsin-mediated cleavage initiates receptor binding and viral entry. In addition to TTSPs, ACE2 can also be trimmed by ADAM 17 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase 17) that competes for the same receptor. Cleavage by TTSPs activates ACE2 receptor for binding, whereas ADAM17 releases extracellular fragment called soluble ACE2 (sACE2). Structural studies of both ACE2 and S-protein have found critical sites involved in binding mechanism. In addition to studies on structural motifs, few single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) studies have been done to find an association between genetic variants and SARS susceptibility. Though no association was found in those reports, but seeing the non-reproducibility of SNP studies among different ethnic groups, screening of ACE2 SNPs in individual population can be undertaken.

Short conclusion

Thus, screening for novel SNPs focussing on recently identified critical regions of ACE2 can be targeted to monitor susceptibility towards coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
Intact and C-Terminal FGF23 Assays—Do Kidney Function, Inflammation, and Low Iron Influence Relationships With Outcomes?
Authors: Sharma Shilpa , Katz Ronit , Bullen Alexander L , Chaves Paulo H M , de Leeuw Peter W , Kroon Abraham A , Houben Alfons J H M , Shlipak Michael G , Ix Joachim H
Published: September 2020

Context

Higher fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF23) concentrations are associated with heart failure and mortality in diverse populations, but the strengths of associations differ markedly depending up on which assay is used.

Objective

We sought to evaluate whether iron deficiency, inflammation, or kidney function account for differences in the strengths of associations between these 2 FGF23 assays with clinical outcomes.

Design

Case cohort study from the Cardiovascular Health Study.

Setting

A total of 844 community-dwelling individuals aged 65 years or older with and without chronic kidney disease were followed for 10 years.

Outcomes

Outcomes included death, incident heart failure (HF), and incident myocardial infarction (MI). Exposure was baseline intact and C-terminal FGF23. Using modified Cox models, adjusting sequentially we tested whether observed associations of each assay with outcomes were attenuated by iron status, inflammation, kidney function, or their combinations.

Results

FGF23 measured by either assay was associated with mortality in unadjusted analysis (intact FGF23 hazard ratio [HR] per 2-fold higher 1.45; 95% CI, 1.25-1.68; C-terminal FGF23 HR 1.38; 95% CI, 1.26-1.50). Adjustment for kidney function completely attenuated associations of intact FGF23 with mortality (HR 1.00; 95% CI, 0.85-1.17), but had much less influence on the association of C-terminal FGF23, for which results remained significant after adjustment (HR 1.15; 95% CI, 1.04-1.28). Attenuation was much less with adjustment for iron status or inflammation. Results were similar for the HF end point. Neither C-terminal or intact FGF23 was associated with MI risk.

Conclusions

The relationship of FGF23 with clinical end points is markedly different depending on the type of FGF23 assay used. The associations of biologically active FGF23 with clinical end points may be confounded by kidney disease, and thus much weaker than previously thought.
Miniaturized integrating sphere light sources based on LEDs for radiance responsivity calibration of optical imaging microscopes
Authors: Fu Yangting , Liu Xiangliang , Wang Yingce , He Yingwei , Feng Guojin , Wu Houping , Zheng Chundi , Li Ping , Gan Haiyong
Published: September 2020

LED-based integrating sphere light sources (LED-ISLSs) in the size of typical microscope slides were developed to calibrate the radiance responsivity of optical imaging microscopes. Each LED-ISLS consists of a miniaturized integrating sphere with a diameter of 4 mm, an LED chip integrated on a printed circuit board, and a thin circular aperture with a diameter of 1 mm as the exit port. The non-uniformity of the radiant exitance of the LED-ISLSs was evaluated to be 0.8%. The normal radiance of the LED-ISLSs in the range of (5∼69) W m−2 sr−1 was measured with a standard uncertainty of 1.3% using two precision apertures and a standard silicon photodetector whose spectral responsivity is traceable to an absolute cryogenic radiometer. The LED-ISLSs were applied to calibrate the radiance responsivity of a home-built optical imaging microscope with a standard uncertainty of 2.6∼2.9%. The LED-ISLSs offer a practical way to calibrate the radiance responsivity of various optical imaging microscopes for results comparison and information exchange.
Sample phase gradient and fringe phase shift in triple phase grating X-ray interferometry
Authors: Yan Aimin , Wu Xizeng , Liu Hong
Published: September 2020

Triple phase grating X-ray interferometry is a promising new technique of grating based X-ray differential phase contrast imaging. Accurate retrieval of sample phase gradients from measured interference fringe shifts is a key task in X-ray interferometry. To fulfill this task in triple phase grating X-ray interferometry with monochromatic X-ray sources, the authors derived exact formulas relating sample phase gradient to fringe phase shift. These formulas not only provide a design optimization tool for triple phase grating interferometry, but also lay a foundation for quantitative phase contrast imaging.
The Validity of Automated Tackle Detection in Women's Rugby League
Authors: Cummins Cloe , Charlton Glen , Naughton Mitchell , Jones Ben , Minahan Clare , Murphy Aron
Published: September 2020

Cummins, C, Charlton, G, Naughton, M, Jones, B, Minahan, C, and Murphy, A. The validity of automated tackle detection in women's rugby league. J Strength Cond Res 36(7): 1951–1955, 2022—This study assessed the validity of microtechnology devices to automatically detect and differentiate tackles in elite women's rugby league match-play. Elite female players (n = 17) wore a microtechnology device (OptimEye S5 device; Catapult Group International) during a representative match, which involved a total of 512 tackles of which 365 were defensive and 147 were attacking. Tackles automatically detected by Catapult's tackle detection algorithm and video-coded tackles were time synchronized. True positive, false negative and false positive events were utilized to calculate sensitivity (i.e., when a tackle occurred, did the algorithm correctly detect this event) and precision (i.e., when the algorithm reported a tackle, was this a true event based on video-coding). Of the 512 video-derived attacking and defensive tackle events, the algorithm was able to detect 389 tackles. The algorithm also produced 81 false positives and 123 false negatives. As such when a tackle occurred, the algorithm correctly identified 76.0% of these events. When the algorithm reported that a tackle occurred, this was an actual event in 82.8% of circumstances. Across all players, the algorithm was more sensitive to the detection of an attacking event (sensitivity: 78.2%) as opposed to a defensive event (sensitivity: 75.1%). The sensitivity and precision of the algorithm was higher for forwards (sensitivity: 81.8%; precision: 92.1%) when compared with backs (sensitivity: 64.5%; precision: 66.1%). Given that understanding the tackle demands of rugby league is imperative from both an injury-prevention and physical-conditioning perspective there is an opportunity to develop a specific algorithm for the detection of tackles within women's rugby league.
Coding, SDGs and Education: How Canada is preparing the next generation for global citizenship - An interview with Zoë Decker
Authors: Klaus Junior Cláudio Antônio
Published: September 2020

The interview is with Zöe Decker, Masters in Geology, a professional working with the Global Goals after a diverse study experience in Canada, Iceland and South Africa. Zöe now shared the mission of teaching digital literacy to all kids with the organization which she works for Kids Code Jeunesse. In the interview, she gives her personal viewpoints on coding, SDGs and education explaining how Canada is preparing the next generation for global citizenship. During the interview much of the work, mission and goals of Kids Code Jeunesse is explained.
Family Education Efforts in Overcoming Juvenile Delinquency
Authors: Putra Ahmad , Fitria Yulia , Prasetya Bima
Published: September 2020

This article discusses the education that families provide to children in overcoming various forms of delinquency carried out by juveniles in Karang Tangah village, West Sumatra. It is believed that the family is the main pillar that shapes the personality and attitude of a child. Thus, it really needs attention and primary teaching from the family so that children avoid the influence of technological advances that could have pushed every child (juveniles) involved in various forms of mischief. Along with the times and technology, without us knowing so much it is heard that children or juveniles are involved in mischief’s they are not supposed to do that will only harm themselves. Therefore, this research will describe the various forms of delinquency that juveniles do and of course, there are efforts and efforts of parents in looking after their children. It is hoped that parents can take care of and educate their children well.
Zero-divisor graphs of Catalan monoid
Authors: TOKER Kemal
Published: September 2020

Let $\mathcal C_{n}$ be the Catalan monoid on $X_{n}=\{1,\ldots ,n\}$ under its natural order. In this paper, we describe the sets of left zero-divisors, right zero-divisors and two sided zero-divisors of $\mathcal C_{n}$; and their numbers. For $n \geq 4$, we define an undirected graph $\Gamma(\mathcal C_{n})$ associated with $\mathcal C_{n}$ whose vertices are the two sided zero-divisors of $\mathcal C_{n}$ excluding the zero element $\theta$ of $\mathcal C_{n}$ with distinct two vertices $\alpha$ and $\beta$ joined by an edge in case $\alpha\beta=\theta=\beta\alpha$. Then we first prove that $\Gamma(\mathcal C_{n})$ is a connected graph, and then we find the diameter, radius, girth, domination number, clique number and chromatic numbers and the degrees of all vertices of $\Gamma(\mathcal C_{n})$. Moreover, we prove that $\Gamma(\mathcal C_{n})$ is a chordal graph, and so a perfect graph.
About prolapse of the uterus and vagina with ovarian cysts
Authors: Sheinis L.
Published: September 2020

A 44-year-old patient, childless, consulted the author in January 1893 due to a tumor in her abdomen.
Poland syndrome, a rare congenital disorder with no functional deficit: a case report
Authors: Jain Jalaz , Jakhar Priyanjal , Mittal Ankit , Sihag Ravi , Bajaj Kunal , Kumar Vibhuti
Published: September 2020

Poland syndrome is a rare congenital syndrome. Most of the reported cases are sporadic, pattern of genetic inheritance is not known. It is an anomaly in which there is underdeveloped or absent pectoralis major and minor muscles leading to abnormal appearance of chest on the involved side. Most cases are unilateral with minimal functional abnormality in majority of the cases but with major cosmetic concerns for the patient. Surgery is rarely indicated but if required is done mainly for cosmetic purposes. We report a case of Poland syndrome in a young healthy individual as it started becoming evident.
DESEMPENHO FITOTÉCNICO E QUALIDADE DAS BANANEIRAS ‘GRAND NAINE’ E ‘BRS TROPICAL’ FERTILIZADAS COM RESÍDUOS ORGÂNICOS
Authors: Müller Danielle Helena , Camili Elisangela Clarete , Guimarães Sebastião Carneiro , Damatto Júnior Erval Rafael , Dos Santos Dalilhia Nazaré
Published: September 2020

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o desenvolvimento de bananeiras ‘Grand Naine’ e ‘BRS Tropical’ sob diferentes tipos de adubos orgânicos no primeiro ciclo de produção. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados com quatro repetições de quatro plantas cada. Os tratamentos constituíram-se por: esterco de bovinos, esterco de aves, efluente de suínos, composto de esterco de bovinos, composto de esterco de aves e composto de efluente de suínos. Por ocasião da emissão da inflorescência, foram realizadas as seguintes avaliações: determinação da circunferência do pseudocaule, altura do pseudocaule até a inserção da inflorescência, número de folhas vivas por planta e a duração do ciclo da cultura. Na pós-colheita, avaliou-se a massa do cacho e da segunda penca, número de pencas e frutos por cacho, número de frutos na segunda penca, comprimento e diâmetro dos frutos, pH, sólidos solúveis e acidez titulável. Os adubos orgânicos aplicados na bananeira ‘Grand Naine’ contribuiram para o aporte no diâmetro do pseudocaule e nas características dos cachos e dos frutos, e reduziu o ciclo reprodutivo da bananeira ‘BRS Tropical’, comprovando-se que é possível nutrir e produzir frutos dessas cultivares de bananeiras com padrão comercial e ainda aproveitar os resíduos gerados na propriedade rural já no primeiro ciclo de produção.
Dez anos de certifica minas café: O que mudou para o produtor familiar da microrregião de Alfenas?
Authors: Alves Sandra de Souza , Silva Roberta Bessa Veloso , Ferreira Eric Batista
Published: September 2020

O estado de Minas Gerais é responsável por aproximadamente 51,5% da safra brasileira de cafés, exportando para mais de 70 países do mundo. No contexto em que o mercado se encontra, as propriedades rurais estão buscando a valorização do café e adotando as boas práticas agrícolas por meio da certificação que é uma das exigências do mercado consumidor interno e externo. Diante desse cenário, os objetivos deste trabalho foram verificar as práticas dos produtores familiares certificados da microrregião de Alfenas para a obtenção da certificação, as dificuldades enfrentadas, bem como os benefícios obtidos. Foram analisadas 23 propriedades das cidades de Fama, Machado, Paraguaçu e Poço Fundo, certificadas pelo do Certifica Minas Café. Foram feitas entrevista com os proprietários rurais utilizando-se um questionário semiestruturado. Constatou-se que as maiores dificuldades enfrentadas foram a rastreabilidade e a adequação ambiental. O maior benefício percebido foi o aumento na produtividade das lavouras de café através da profissionalização da gestão.
Pengaruh Kedisiplinan Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Pada PT Telkomsel Area IV Pamasuka Kota Makassar
Authors: Aprizal Aprizal , Kurniaty Kurniaty , Hasriani Hasriani
Published: September 2020

Penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui apakah kedisiplinan berpengaruh secarah signifikan terhadap kinerja dan seberapa besar pengaruh kesiplinan terhadap kinerja karyawan pada PT Telkomsel Area IV Pamasuka Makassar. Penelitian ini termasuk jenis penelitian kuantitatif dengan pengujian hipotesis. Populasi dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 60 responden dan semua populasi dijadikan sebagai sampel sebanyak 60 sapel. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan kuesioner, dan observasi. Sedangkan teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis regresi sederhana dengan rumus Y=a+bx. Hasil analisis dan pembahasan diperoleh nilai signifikan untuk variabel X sebesar 0,000<0,05 maka Ho ditolak dan Ha diterima, artinya ada pengaruh signifikan kedisiplinan terhadap kinerja, pada PT Telkomsel Area IV Pamasuka Makassar dan juga dapat diperoleh besar nilai pengaruhnya kedisplina terhadap kinerja sebesar 0,485 atau 48,5%. Hal ini menjelaskan tujuan dari penelitian ini, serta model regresi Y= 1,068 +0,723 X.
KREDIBILITAS KOMUNIKASI VISUAL DESTINASI WISATA MELALUI MEDIA SOSIAL
Authors: Purwantoro Tono -
Published: September 2020

Cellular phones or smartphones for the people of Indonesia is a primary need. They need it for socializing or expressing themselves through interpersonal or group communication. The cellular phone sales increased, including the flow of communication messages between people mainly through the WhatsApp instant messaging application. because of the ease of use when sharing visual and written communication messages. The level of use of WhatApps by Indonesian people occupies the first position. A phenomenal event occurred when WhatApps users received a video tour of a new tourism destintation called Negeri Di Atas Awan, Banten in September 2019. The communicator in the show was not an endoser or had the appropriate credibility. However, visual video communication and narration went viral. In a matter of days, the viral video shows continued enthusiasm of people visiting but disappointed. Communicator credibility does not become a strength when visual communication is able to influence travel connoisseurs.it means, that media always have a power such as the bullet theory or stimulus response theory. When there is something a beautiful visual to people, they are so anthusiasm to know more.

 Keywords: instant messaging, viral communication, visual communication, video shows, social media WhatsApp
PENDEKATAN SISTEM DALAM PENANGANAN KESELAMATAN JALAN
Authors: Mayastinasari Vita
Published: September 2020

Various traffic safety efforts that aimed to reduce the number of traffic accident victims on road. Traffic safety is a program to reduce the number of accidents either the consequences. Tendency of road accident causes are human factor, therefore is needed a system approach to handle traffic safety that include four aspects, that is 1) Process; 2) Infrastructure; 3) Management; 4) Coordination and integration. Safer road can not be achieved if only just using the strategy, but the capacity of institution is needed by coordination and integration amongst the ministries of the institution. Coordination and integration as a form of synergy among the ministries of the institution to handle the road safety conducted by sharing the role to handle various road safety related areas by using the Information Resources Information System – IRIS.

Berbagai upaya keselamatan lalu lintas yang bertujuan menurunkan korban kecelakaan lalu lintas di jalan. Keselamatan lalu lintas merupakan suatu program untuk menurunkan angka kecelakaan beserta seluruh akibatnya. Kecenderungan penyebab kecelakaan lalu lintas adalah faktor manusia, sehingga diperlukan pendekatan sistem dalam penanganan keselamatan jalan yang mencakup empat aspek, yaitu: 1) Proses; 2) Infrastruktur; 3) Manajemen; 4) Koordinasi dan integrasi. Keselamatan jalan tidak dapat terwujud hanya dengan menggunakan strategi, namun dibutuhkan kapasitas kelembagaan melalui koordinasi dan integrasi antar kementerian lembaga. Koordinasi dan integrasi sebagai wujud sinergitas antar kementerian lembaga dalam penanganan keselamatan jalan dilakukan dengan berbagi peran dalam menangani berbagai bidang yang terkait keselamatan jalan dengan menggunakan sistem informasi sumber daya informasi (Information Resources Information System-IRIS).
ANALYSIS OF DRIVING SPEED IN HIGHWAY AND PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS IN SPEEDING BEHAVIOR IN THE JAKARTA AREA AND ITS SURROUNDINGS (CASE STUDY: BEKASI MAIN STREET)
Authors: Guritnaningsih Guritnaningsih , Siregar Martha Leni , Septiawan Ahmad
Published: September 2020

Driving a vehicle above the speed limit is unsafe driving behavior that may cause the occurrence of an accident. Speed limitation can be one way to improve road safety. This study aims to get an illustration of speed limit violation committed by the drivers on the national road segment, and also to investigate the demographic and psychological factors that affect driver behavior in violating the speed limit as stated in the traffic regulation. Speed data collection was carried out at the Bekasi Raya national road in Bekasi, while the demographic and psychological data were collected using questionnaires through online methods. The result of speed measurement using Speed Gun to 30 motorcycles, 30 light vehicles, and 30 heavy vehicles, shows that there are no light or heavy vehicles that drive above the speed limit. Speeding behavior only is indicated by a little number of motorcyclists. From the online survey through the distribution of questionnaires to 102 motorcyclists, it was found that speeding behavior tends to be done when they are in a rush situation.

Mengendarai kendaraan di atas batas kecepatan (ngebut) merupakan perilaku mengendara yang berkontribusi terhadap terjadinya kecelakaan..Salah satu cara untuk meningkatkan keselamatan di jalan raya adalah dengan pembatasan kecepatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan gambaran tentang pelanggaran batas  kecepatan yang dilakukan pengemudi di ruas jalan nasional, dan faktor-faktor demografis, serta faktor psikologis yang berperan dalam perilaku pengendara kendaraan bermotor melanggar batas kecepatan yang telah ditentukan oleh peraturan lalu lintas. Pengambilan data kecepatan dilakukan di jalan nasional Bekasi raya, sedangkan data tentang faktor demografis dan psikologis diperoleh melalui penyebaran kuesioner melalui online. Hasil pengukuran kecepatan terhadap 30 sepeda motor, 30 kendaraan ringan, dan 30 kendaraan berat dengan Speed Gun menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada kendaraan ringan maupun kendaraan berat yang mengemudikan kendaraan di atas batas kecepatan. Perilaku ngebut dilakukan oleh sebagian kecil pengendara sepeda motor. Dari survey melalui penyebaran kuesioner terhadap 102 pengendara diperoleh gambaran bahwa perilaku ngebut cenderung dilakukan ketika berada pada situasi tergesa-gesa.
A novel genotyping technique for discriminating LVAS-associated high-frequency variants in SLC26A4 gene
Authors: Zhou Chen , Zou Xiangman , Peng Cuiying , Gao Guoqiang , Guo Zifen
Published: September 2020

An increasing number of biological and epidemiological evidence suggests that c.919-2A>G and c.2168A>G variants of solute carrier family 26, member 4 (SLC26A4) gene play a critical role in the development of large vestibular aqueduct syndrome (LVAS). In this study, we developed a rapid genotyping method for discriminating LVAS-associated high-frequency variants in SLC26A4 gene. The genotyping technique consists of 3’ terminal exonuclease-resistant phosphorothioate-modified allele specific primer extension mediated by exo+ polymerase. In PCR amplification by Pfu polymerase, allelic specific primers perfectly matching wild type allele were extended while no specific products were yielded from primers targeting variant allele. Similarly, allelic specific primers perfectly matching variant allele were extended and no specific products were observed from primers targeting wild type allele. The clinical application of 3’ terminal phosphorothioate-modified allele specific primer extension mediated by Pfu polymerase identified both homozygous for SLC26A4 gene c.919-2A>G variant in two patients clinically diagnosed as LVAS by temporal bone CT scan. The genetic results from this method are consistent with that of DNA sequencing. The data suggest that exo+ polymerase-mediated 3’ terminal phosphorothioate-modified primer extension is reliable in the identification of SLC26A4 gene high-frequency variant prior to high-resolution CT scan. The method is extremely suitable for quickly molecular etiologic screening and early diagnosis and aggressive prevention therapy of LVAS.
Effect of molecular interaction on the antiplasmodial efficacy of lumefantrine in amorphous polymethacrylate-urea solid solution
Authors: Echezona Adaeze Chidiebere , Momoh Mumuni , Akpa Paul Achile , Ogbonna John Dike , Reginald-Opara Joy Nneji , Kenechukwu Frankline Chimaobi , Uzondu Samuel Wisdom , Agbo Chinazom Precious , Ofokansi Kenneth Chibuzor , Attama Anthony Amaechi
Published: September 2020

Malaria, a leading cause of mortality and morbidity in the developing world, with children aged under 5 years, accounts for 61% of all the global malaria deaths. The World Health Organization approved fixed-dose first-line artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) – artemether-lumefantrine for effective malaria treatment, is challenged by poor aqueous solubility and inadequate bioavailability leading to treatment failures and emergence of resistant strains. This study focuses on evaluating novel lumefantrine (LF) polymethacrylate-urea solid solutions comprising of a retarding polymer for enhanced anti-plasmodial efficacy comparable with existing artemether-lumefantrine combination therapy. Lumefantrine polymethacrylate-urea solid solutions were prepared by solvent evaporation and characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and dissolution studies. In vivo anti-plasmodial activity was determined by measuring the schizonticidal activity of Plasmodium berghei-infected mice using the Peter’s 4-day curative test and the safety of the solid solutions was tested in major organs implicated in malaria. The solid state characterizations confirmed the formation of amorphous lumefantrine polymethacrylate-urea solid solutions. There was greater drug release from the matrix polymer in acidic than basic biorelevant media, with release kinetics following the Higuchi order. Interestingly, the reduction in parasitaemia caused by the lumefantrine polymethacrylate-urea formulations (72.3 and 81.27 %) for ternary and quaternary systems, batches SDA3 and SDB3, respectively) were significantly higher (p < 0.05) and more sustained than lumefantrine pure powder, but with comparable efficacy to the commercial brand-Coartem®. The formulation was stable over a period of 6 months. Thus, this study provides useful information on developing sustained lumefantrine formulation with improved solubility and antiplasmodial efficacy.

Keywords: Solid dispersion, lumefantrine, solubility, parasitaemia reduction, eudragit polymer, Urea.