bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Proteomics reveals dynamic metabolic changes in human hematopoietic stem progenitor cells from fetal to adulthood
Authors: Xiong Mingfang , Xiu Yanyu , Long Juan , Zhao Xiao , Wang Qianqian , Yang Haoyu , Yu Hang , Bian Lihong , Ju Yan , Yin Hongyu , Hou Qingxiang , Liang Fei , Liu Nan , Chen Fudong , Fan Ruiwen , Sun Yuying , Zeng Yang
Published: September 2024

Background

Hematopoietic stem progenitor cells (HSPCs) undergo phenotypical and functional changes during their emergence and development. Although the molecular programs governing the development of human hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) have been investigated broadly, the relationships between dynamic metabolic alterations and their functions remain poorly characterized.

Methods

In this study, we comprehensively described the proteomics of HSPCs in the human fetal liver (FL), umbilical cord blood (UCB), and adult bone marrow (aBM). The metabolic state of human HSPCs was assessed via a Seahorse assay, RT‒PCR, and flow cytometry-based metabolic-related analysis. To investigate whether perturbing glutathione metabolism affects reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, the metabolic state, and the expansion of human HSPCs, HSPCs were treated with buthionine sulfoximine (BSO), an inhibitor of glutathione synthetase, and N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC).

Results

We investigated the metabolomic landscape of human HSPCs from the fetal, perinatal, and adult developmental stages by in-depth quantitative proteomics and predicted a metabolic switch from the oxidative state to the glycolytic state during human HSPC development. Seahorse assays, mitochondrial activity, ROS level, glucose uptake, and protein synthesis rate analysis supported our findings. In addition, immune-related pathways and antigen presentation were upregulated in UCB or aBM HSPCs, indicating their functional maturation upon development. Glutathione-related metabolic perturbations resulted in distinct responses in human HSPCs and progenitors. Furthermore, the molecular and immunophenotypic differences between human HSPCs at different developmental stages were revealed at the protein level for the first time.

Conclusion

The metabolic landscape of human HSPCs at three developmental stages (FL, UCB, and aBM), combined with proteomics and functional validations, substantially extends our understanding of HSC metabolic regulation. These findings provide valuable resources for understanding human HSC function and development during fetal and adult life.
Experimental Investigation on Axial Strength Improvement of Cold-Formed Steel Jacketed Concrete Stub Columns
Authors: Waenpracha Apisith , Pannachet Tanyada , Boonpichetvong Maetee
Published: September 2024

This paper presents an experimental study on the behavior of low-strength concrete columns confined with cold-formed steel under axial compression. The laboratory test specimens consist of four groups of rectangular concrete stub columns in the size of 130 $$\times $$
×
200 mm cross section and 300 mm height; the first group composes of the unconfined specimens, while the other three contain the confined specimens under 0%, 25% and 50% sustained axial loads. The jackets are made of two G450-grade channel cold-formed steel sections of 2.4 mm thickness welded together. No bonding material is used between the core concrete and the steel jacket. From the results, it is found that the cold-formed steel jacketing can increase the axial strengths of the unconfined concrete specimens by approximately 40-65%. The strength increase comes mainly from the confinement action, as only small axial deformation is detected in the jacket. Based on the given amount of prescribed preloads in this study, the presence of preload in the column does not have a significant effect on the increase in strength of the confined concrete columns. The measured strength enhancement ratio and the confinement ratio of the tested specimens are compared using five existing strength predictive equations. The performance of the unbonded cold-formed steel jacketing technique adopted in the stub columns is observed to closely conform with the predictive confinement model of the concrete-filled tubes.
Reduced positive attentional bias in patients with borderline personality disorder compared with non-patients: results from a free-viewing eye-tracking study
Authors: Wenk Taavi , Günther Anna-Christina , Webelhorst Carolin , Kersting Anette , Bodenschatz Charlott Maria , Suslow Thomas
Published: September 2024

Background

Attentional processes are important for regulating emotional states and coping with stressful events. Orientation of attention acts as filter for subsequent information processing. So far, only few eye-tracking studies have examined attentional processes during emotion perception in borderline personality disorder (BPD). In these studies, gaze behaviour was analysed during simultaneous or delayed evaluation of single stimuli. The objective of the present eye-tracking study was to investigate early and late attention allocation towards emotional facial expressions in patients with BPD and non-patients (NPs) based on a free-viewing paradigm, which allows to examine processes of self-generated attention deployment.

Methods

In a multiple-stimulus free-viewing task with facial expressions, i.e. happy, angry, sad, and neutral faces, presented simultaneously early and late attentional allocation was analysed in 43 patients with BPD and 43 age- and sex-matched NPs. We assessed study participants’ trait anxiety, depressive symptoms, level of alexithymia, traumatic childhood experiences, and borderline symptoms. Entry time was used to measure initial gaze orientation, whereas dwell time was calculated as an index of late attention allocation.

Results

As could be expected, patients with BPD reported more anxiety, depressive symptoms, experiences of childhood maltreatment, and showed higher levels of alexithymia than NPs. Patients differed from NPs in dwell time on happy facial expressions but not in dwell time on angry, sad, and neutral expressions. Contrary to our hypothesis, patients did not differ from NPs concerning entry times on angry facial expressions.

Conclusions

According to our results, patients with BPD show a reduced attentional preference for happy facial expression during free viewing compared to NPs. A decreased positive attentional bias at a late processing stage could be part of emotion regulation impairments and add to the vulnerability for negative affects in BPD, which represent core symptoms of the disorder. In contrast to previous eye-tracking research in BPD examining attention during evaluative processing, our dwell time data could be more indicative of self-generated, endogenously controlled attentional processes in emotion perception. The present data do not support an early vigilance for threatening social information in BPD.
Effects of tube voltage, radiation dose and adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction strength level on the detection and characterization of pulmonary nodules in ultra-low-dose chest CT
Authors: Yao Yue , Su Xuan , Deng Lei , Zhang JingBin , Xu Zengmiao , Li Jianying , Li Xiaohui
Published: September 2024

Objective

To explore the effects of tube voltage, radiation dose and adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction (ASiR-V) strength level on the detection and characterization of pulmonary nodules by an artificial intelligence (AI) software in ultra-low-dose chest CT (ULDCT).

Materials and methods

An anthropomorphic thorax phantom containing 12 spherical simulated nodules (Diameter: 12 mm, 10 mm, 8 mm, 5 mm; CT value: -800HU, -630HU, 100HU) was scanned with three ULDCT protocols: Dose-1 (70kVp:0.11mSv, 100kVp:0.10mSv), Dose-2 (70kVp:0.34mSv, 100kVp:0.32mSv), Dose-3 (70kVp:0.53mSv, 100kVp:0.51mSv). All scanning protocols were repeated five times. CT images were reconstructed using four different strength levels of ASiR-V (0%=FBP, 30%, 50%, 70%ASiR-V) with a slice thickness of 1.25 mm. The characteristics of the physical nodules were used as reference standards. All images were analyzed using a commercially available AI software to identify nodules for calculating nodule detection rate (DR) and to obtain their long diameter and short diameter, which were used to calculate the deformation coefficient (DC) and size measurement deviation percentage (SP) of nodules. DR, DC and SP of different imaging groups were statistically compared.

Results

Image noise decreased with the increase of ASiR-V strength level, and the 70 kV images had lower noise under the same strength level (mean-value 70 kV: 40.14 ± 7.05 (dose 1), 27.55 ± 7.38 (dose 2), 23.88 ± 6.98 (dose 3); 100 kV: 42.36 ± 7.62 (dose 1); 30.78 ± 6.87 (dose 2); 26.49 ± 6.61 (dose 3)). Under the same dose level, there were no differences in DR between 70 kV and 100 kV (dose 1: 58.76% vs. 58.33%; dose 2: 73.33% vs. 70.83%; dose 3: 75.42% vs. 75.42%, all p > 0.05). The DR of GGNs increased significantly at dose 2 and higher (70 kV: 38.12% (dose 1), 60.63% (dose 2), 64.38% (dose 3); 100 kV: 37.50% (dose 1), 59.38% (dose 2), 66.25% (dose 3)). In general, the use of ASiR-V at higher strength levels (> 50%) and 100 kV provided better (lower) DC and SP.

Conclusion

Detection rates are similar between 70 kV and 100 kV scans. The 70 kV images have better noise performance under the same ASiR-V level, while images of 100 kV and higher ASiR-V levels are better in preserving the nodule morphology (lower DC and SP); the dose levels above 0.33mSv provide high sensitivity for nodules detection, especially the simulated ground glass nodules.
Bioassay guided isolation and compounds identification of the anti-diabetic fractions of (rosemary) Rosmarinus officinalis leaves extract
Authors: Kabubii Zelipha N. , Mbaria James Mucunu , Mathiu Peter Mbaabu , Wanjohi John Muraba , Nyaboga Evans Nyaega
Published: September 2024

Background

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease characterized by prolonged elevated blood glucose levels. It is a common health problem with a high mortality and morbidity to the human race. A number of medicinal plants such as rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) have been used for the treatment of diabetes. Most of the anti-diabetic conventional drugs have been found to have some side effects and there is therefore need to explore new sources of anti-diabetic drugs. The aim of the current study was to investigate the possibility of getting anti-diabetic compounds from R. officinalis that can be used as leads for drug discovery.

Methodology

R. officinalis leaves were macerated in 50% methanol in dichloromethane and the crude extract fractionated by column chromatography. The obtained fractions were subjected to an in-vitro alpha-amylase inhibition assay. The anti-hyperglycemic potential of the fractions was evaluated in diabetic induced Wistar rats. The most potent fractions were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrophotometry (GC-MS) for identification of the compounds.

Results

A total of 21 chromatographic fractions were assembled with different alpha- amylase inhibition activity. Eleven of the fractions had more than 30% alpha-amylase inhibition activity. The ethyl acetate fraction had the highest inhibition potential (LC50 of 2.8 μg/mL). The anti-diabetic assay in rats showed that fractions (F1) and (F4) had highest blood glucose reduction of 44.5 ± 0.4 and 52.8 ± 1.3%, respectively (p < 0.05). GC-MS analysis of fractions F1 and F4 showed the presence of 21 and 23 compounds in F1 and 23, respectively.

Conclusion

This study has demonstrated that R. officinalis crude extract fractions obtained from 50% methanol in dichloromethane possesses alpha-amylase inhibitory and anti-hyperglycemic activities as well as secondary metabolites with varying chemical structures. The hexane and hexane/ethyl acetate (8/2) fractions showed most potent alpha-amylase inhibition with high anti-hyperglycemic activity giving hope of a possibility of obtaining lead compounds for new anti-diabetic drugs.
Mesial temporal sclerosis and epilepsy: a narrative review
Authors: Villamizar-Torres Daniel , Cepeda Trillos Andrea Carolina , Vargas-Moreno Alejandro
Published: September 2024

Mesial temporal sclerosis (MTS) stands out as a prevalent etiology of medically intractable temporal lobe epilepsy. Understanding the pathological alterations, clinical manifestations and risk factors of MTS is crucial for the recognition and suspicion of this condition. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive narrative review on the pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, and treatment options for MTS. By doing so, we aim to provide an up-to-date understanding of this condition.
Status and sociodemographic correlates of pathological internet use among adolescents in Jordan: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Abdallah Farah M. , Hamdan-Mansour Ayman M.
Published: September 2024

Background

Pathological internet use (PIU) refers to excessive use of the internet and is commonly described using various terms, such as internet addiction disorder (IAD). It is a significant concern for mental health professionals in schools and primary care settings, especially among adolescents. Although in the sphere of psychological assessment, PIU is classified as a behavioral addiction and has been proven to be as serious as substance abuse, PIU is not officially classified as a psychological disorder in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. The aims of this study were to investigate the PIU status and explore the sociodemographic correlates of PIU among adolescents in Jordan.

Methods

This study employed a descriptive‒explorative design with a cross-sectional approach. The study participants were 735 adolescents, grades 9th–11th. Data were collected via valid and reliable self-report questionnaire related to the main study variables over a period ranging from the beginning of March to the end of April 2024. For the data analysis, t tests and ANOVAs were used to identify any significant differences in the mean PIU total score in relation to the sociodemographic variables.

Results

The results revealed that among the 735 adolescents, 75.8% (n = 557) experienced PIU, with a significant difference in the mean PIU total score across grades (F = 3.37, p < .05) and academic performance levels (F = 8.76, p < .05), but not in terms of sex (t = .371, p > .05), father’s education level (F = .789, p > .05), or family income level (F = 1.076, p > .05).

Conclusion

This study provides practical findings that students with poor academic performance and lower grades have higher levels of PIU. It is recommended that an ongoing screening for PIU be conducted to intervene proactively through multidisciplinary collaboration to manage disproportionate internet use among adolescents. Furthermore, this study adequately raises awareness about the far-reaching consequences of PIU for adolescents of both sexes. Finally, the results will be utilized to guide future studies to highlight more sociodemographic correlates of PIU.
Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children treated with intravenous immunoglobulin monotherapy: a single-center retrospective study
Authors: Kangin Murat , Akar Asuman , Talay Mehmet Nur , Gul Ozlem , Tas Muhammed , Semdinoglu Ayten , Alparslan Caner , Basaranoglu Sevgen Tanir , Yakut Nurhayat
Published: September 2024

Background

Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is one of the complications of SARS-CoV-2 infection. This study aims to evaluate the clinical and laboratory characteristics, as well as treatment results, of MIS-C patients who received intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) monotherapy.

Methods

This retrospective study included patients diagnosed with MIS-C. Demographic data, organ involvements at the admission, laboratory evaluations for diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up were recorded. We evaluated outcomes by the length of the intensive care unit stay, the total hospitalization period, complications, and mortality.

Results

A total of 95 patients diagnosed with MIS-C were evaluated. The mean age was 118.8 (± 52.5) months. 76.8% of the patients had four or more organ systems involved. Seventy-nine patients (83%) were hospitalized in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) for a mean of 4.59 days. Seventy-seven (81%) patients received IVIG. A second dose of IVIG was administered to 66.3% of patients. All patients received vitamin D and C supplementation. Six patients who had cardiac involvement or cerebral infarction were treated with plasmapheresis. No patients received steroids. There was no mortality at the end of the follow-up.

Conclusions

Favorable outcomes may be obtained with IVIG monotherapy in MIS-C patients. More clinical trials are needed to establish the role of supportive treatments like vitamin D and C in MIS-C management.
Learner evaluation of an immersive virtual reality mass casualty incident simulator for triage training
Authors: Way David P. , Panchal Ashish R. , Price Alan , Berezina-Blackburn Vita , Patterson Jeremy , McGrath Jillian , Danforth Douglas , Kman Nicholas E.
Published: September 2024

Background

To minimize loss of life, modern mass casualty response requires swift identification, efficient triage categorization, and rapid hemorrhage control. Current training methods remain suboptimal. Our objective was to train first responders to triage a mass casualty incident using Virtual Reality (VR) simulation and obtain their impressions of the training’s quality and effectiveness.

We trained subjects in a triage protocol called Sort, Assess, Lifesaving interventions, and Treatment and/or Transport (SALT) Triage then had them respond to a terrorist bombing of a subway station using a fully immersive virtual reality simulation. We gathered learner reactions to their virtual reality experience and post-encounter debriefing with a custom electronic survey. The survey was designed to gather information about participants’ demographics and prior experience, including roles, triage training, and virtual reality experience. We then asked them to evaluate the training and encounter and the system’s potential for training others.

Results

We received 375 completed evaluation surveys from subjects who experienced the virtual reality encounter. Subjects were primarily paramedics, but also included medical learners as well as other emergency medical service (EMS) professionals. Most participants (95%) recommended the experience for other first responders and rated the simulation (95%) and virtual patients (91%) as realistic. Ninety-four percent (94%) of participants rated the virtual reality simulator as “excellent” or “good.” We observed some differences between emergency medical service and medical professionals regarding their prior experience with disaster response training and their opinions on how much the experience contributed to their learning. We observed no differences between subjects with extensive virtual reality experience and those without.

Conclusions

Our virtual reality simulator is an automated, customizable, fully immersive virtual reality system for training and assessing personnel in the proper response to a mass casualty incident. Participants perceived the simulator as an adequate alternative to traditional triage and treatment training and believed that the simulator was realistic and effective for training. Prior experience with virtual reality was not a prerequisite for the use of this system.
Physical Activity and Excess Body Weight and Adiposity for Adults. American College of Sports Medicine Consensus Statement
Authors: JAKICIC JOHN M. , APOVIAN CAROLINE M. , BARR-ANDERSON DAHEIA J. , COURCOULAS ANITA P. , DONNELLY JOSEPH E. , EKKEKAKIS PANTELEIMON , HOPKINS MARK , LAMBERT ESTELLE VICTORIA , NAPOLITANO MELISSA A. , VOLPE STELLA L.
Published: September 2024

Excessive body weight and adiposity contribute to many adverse health concerns. The American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) recognizes that the condition of excess body weight and adiposity is complex, with numerous factors warranting consideration. The ACSM published a position stand on this topic in 2001 with an update in 2009, and a consensus paper on the role of physical activity in the prevention of weight gain in 2019. This current consensus paper serves as an additional update to those prior ACSM position and consensus papers. The ACSM supports the inclusion of physical activity in medical treatments (pharmacotherapy, metabolic and bariatric surgery) of excess weight and adiposity, as deemed to be medically appropriate, and provides perspectives on physical activity within these therapies. For weight loss and prevention of weight gain, the effects may be most prevalent when physical activity is progressed in an appropriate manner to at least 150 min·wk−1 of moderate-intensity physical activity, and these benefits occur in a dose–response manner. High-intensity interval training does not appear to be superior to moderate-to-vigorous physical activity for body weight regulation, and light-intensity physical activity may also be an alternative approach provided it is of sufficient energy expenditure. Evidence does not support that any one single mode of physical activity is superior to other modes for the prevention of weight gain or weight loss, and to elicit holistic health benefits beyond the effects on body weight and adiposity, multimodal physical activity should be recommended. The interaction between energy expenditure and energy intake is complex, and the effects of exercise on the control of appetite are variable between individuals. Physical activity interventions should be inclusive and tailored for sex, self-identified gender, race, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, age, and developmental level. Intervention approaches can also include different forms, channels, and methods to support physical activity.
Anti-terrorism legislation
Authors: Isaenko Vyacheslav , Mishakova Nadezhda
Published: September 2024

The textbook for the discipline “Legislation on Countering Terrorism” contains materials devoted to the study, systematization and analysis of legislation on countering terrorism, as well as the practice of its implementation in the Russian Federation. The main provisions of normative legal acts issued on the issues of combating terrorism are outlined, and basic issues of organizing the activities of law enforcement agencies and courts to counter terrorism and extremism are considered. The manual reveals the content of prosecutorial supervision over the implementation of legislation on countering terrorism and the nature of the coordinating role of the prosecutor's office. Corresponds to the Federal State Educational Standard of Higher Education of the latest generation in the specialties “Legal Support of National Security” and “Judicial and Prosecutor’s Activities”.
The impact of antidepressant medications on the course of inflammatory bowel diseases
Authors: Kasprzak Karol , Dyzma-Kasprzak Agnieszka , Wingralek Zuzanna , Sikorski Albert , Sikorska Wiktoria , Wiśniewska Jolanta , Banaszek Agnieszka , Nowacka Olga
Published: September 2024

Introduction and Objective: Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and anxiety, as well as depressive disorders, can coexist. Depression may affect IBD symptoms and vice versa. The aim of our study is to determine the impact of different classes of antidepressant medications in the treatment of IBD with comorbid depressive episodes, to summarize the most commonly used therapies, and to identify the most effective practices in treating inflammatory diseases with coexisting depressive episodes.
Materials and Methods: A review of the available literature was conducted by searching the PubMed and Google Scholar databases using the following keywords: inflammatory bowel diseases, depression, antidepressants, in both English and Polish, up until July 19, 2024. To ensure the high quality of the narrative review, the SANRA scale (a scale for the quality assessment of narrative review articles) was used.
Results: Studies indicate that depressive symptoms occur in approximately 25-27.5% of patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Treatment of depression in IBD patients often includes the use of antidepressant medications, such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), which not only reduce depression but also exhibit anti-inflammatory effects. SSRIs may also be effective in improving patients' quality of life; however, they may cause side effects such as diarrhea and an increased risk of bleeding. In addition to SSRIs, other antidepressants, such as serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), and atypical antipsychotics, are also used and may have a beneficial impact on the course of the disease.
Conclusions: In patients with IBD and comorbid depression, SSRIs are most commonly used, followed by TLPDs, SNRIs, and atypical antipsychotics. Drugs from these groups may have a beneficial effect on depressive symptoms, but also affect the course of IBD.
Further clinical studies are needed to establish precise guidelines for the use of these drugs in patients with IBD.
Innovations in the treatment of cervical spine myelopathy – a comprehensive review
Authors: Kozikowska Marta , Pociecha Agnieszka , Kmak Bożena
Published: September 2024

Introduction and aim of the study
Myelopathy of the cervical spine is a set of symptoms resulting from compression of the spinal cord. There are many causes that may lead to this disorder, including degenerative changes, ligament ossification and tumors. Middle-aged and older patients usually suffer from it, and its diagnosis is expected to increase as the population gets older. Due to non-specific and initially mild symptoms, cervical myelopathy is usually diagnosed in later stages, often when the patient's fitness and independence are significantly impaired. The aim of the study is to present the current state of knowledge about myelopathy of the cervical spine, methods of its effective diagnosis, and to present available therapeutic options, because early diagnosis and optimal treatment enable patients to maintain their ability to work and improve their overall quality of life.
Materials and methods
The literature included in the PubMed, BioMed Central and Polish Medical Platform databases is searched by means of the words such as cervical myelopathy, decompression, spinal cord, corpectomy, discectomy. Quoted sources in selected works were also used.
Conclusion
Surgical treatment is the most effective method to improve the clinical condition of people suffering from cervical myelopathy. Both anterior and posterior approach surgeries are characterized by similar effectiveness, and the choice of a specific method depends on the patient's general condition, the degree of cervical lordosis, and the number of affected spinal segments. Due to the correct diagnosis of the disease and applying treatment, it is possible to slow down the progression of the disease and improve the quality of life of patients.
Composite skin substitutes, 3D skin bioprinting and the “BioMask” concept in regenerating skin defects - review
Authors: Kiełt Weronika , Kozłowska Julia , Broniec Gabriela , Wajdowicz Barbara , Kudła Aleksandra , Czapiewska Rozalia , Dziewulska Aleksandra , Wróbel Aleksandra , Pacek Laura , Kowalska Klaudia
Published: September 2024

The treatment of skin trauma, especially facial skin trauma, is a major challenge due to its complex structure, the presence of appendages, color, texture, and the large area to be reconstructed in extensive trauma. “The gold standard” for treating trauma is autologous intermediate thickness skin grafting. An alternative solution is the usage of bioengineered skin substitutes. Tissue engineering is intended to provide patients with better treatment options and more effective pain reduction. Unique skin lesions are those related to the face. To fulfill the need to improve the results of facial skin reconstruction, the “Biomask” concept was introduced for the treatment of facial wounds.
The purpose of this review is to analyze composite dermal-epidermal substitutes already on the market for clinical use, as well as briefly discussing materials in the testing phase, focusing on 3D skin bioprinting and facial trauma regeneration using “BioMask”.
PubMed and Google Scholar databases were searched for relevant sources. Search terms included “skin substitutes”, “synthetic skin substitutes”, “bioengineered skin”, “composite skin substitutes” and additionally each analyzed unit of composite skin substitutes was searched.
Bioengineered skin substitutes effectively fulfill the role of dressings during the reconstruction of skin injuries. The development of 3D skin bioprinting is enabling the increasing and effective use of these materials. The high requirements in the treatment of facial skin injuries are the trigger for the development of new materials such as "BioMask". The synergy of new technologies makes it possible to create improved methods of wound dressing and reconstruction of skin defects.
Current knowledge on irritable bowel syndrome treatment - literature overview
Authors: Jasiuk Ilona , Chrościński Kamil , Łukaszewska Ewa , Sajkiewicz Ilona , Miga-Orczykowska Nadia , Lemieszek Paulina , Wójtowicz Justyna , Krukar Katarzyna , Pustelniak Martyna , Kister Klaudia , Laskowski Jakub , Rudnicka Katarzyna
Published: September 2024

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional gastrointestinal disorder characterized by symptoms such as abdominal pain, bloating, and altered bowel habits. It affects a large proportion of the general population leading to a negative effect on the quality of life. The pathophysiology of IBS is not fully known. There are several therapies currently used in the treatment of IBS. They vary from changing dietary habits to antibiotic therapy and must be personalized.
It's not just adults who gnash their teeth - a comprehensive review of the latest information on bruxism in children
Authors: Wajdowicz Barbara , Broniec Gabriela , Kowalska Klaudia , Pacek Laura , Kudła Aleksandra , Kiełt Weronika , Czapiewska Rozalia , Kozłowska Julia , Wróbel Aleksandra , Dziewulska Aleksandra
Published: September 2024

Introduction 
Bruxism is a parafunction characterized by excessive chewing muscle activity involving grinding or clenching of the teeth. Bruxism has become a significant challenge in the field of pediatric dentistry.
Aim of the study
The aim of this comprehensive review is to provide an overview of bruxism in children, focusing on etiology, symptoms, diagnosis, and current treatment options. To draw attention to the prevalence of the disorder and to raise awareness of the importance of early recognition and intervention for bruxism in children.
Materials and methods
An analysis of scientific articles available in the PubMed and Google Scholar databases was conducted. Our research is supported by all relevant publications from recent years. The etiology, diagnosis, and treatment of bruxism in children were of particular interest in the study. This process involved the use of the following keywords: ‘bruxism’, ‘children’, ‘sleep bruxism’, ‘tooth wear’, ‘bruxism diagnosis’, ‘bruxism etiology’, ‘bruxism treatment’.
Conclusions
We evaluated 31 relevant publications. The results of the study indicate a variation in the prevalence of bruxism in children, oscillating between 13-49%. The etiology of this disorder is multidimensional and remains incompletely elucidated. The primary methods of diagnosing bruxism in younger patients include observation by parents or caregivers, a thorough health history and intraoral and extraoral dental examination. Physiotherapy and psychotherapy are recommended for the treatment of nocturnal bruxism in children. Prompt recognition of the disorder and implementation of appropriate therapy can help to halt the progression of motor dysfunction of the masticatory apparatus in children.
Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders – from pathophysiology to treatment
Authors: Kałuża Jessica Adriana , Bochenek Oliwia , Nowak Aleksandra , Koper Mateusz , Konaszczuk Adrian , Ratyna Klaudia , Kozyra Oliwia , Szypuła Zofia , Paluch Katarzyna , Skarbek Małgorzata
Published: September 2024

Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) are a group of autoimmune diseases characterized by severe, inflammatory attacks predominantly affecting the optic nerves and spinal cord and central nervous system. NMOSD presents with clinical features such as optic neuritis, acute myelitis, and area postrema syndrome, making it a challenging condition to diagnose due to its varied clinical manifestations. Untreated, approximately 50% of NMOSD patients will be wheelchair users and blind, and a third will have died within 5 years of their first attack. Historically considered a variant of multiple sclerosis, NMOSD is now recognized as a distinct entity, largely due to the discovery of the pathogenic role of aquaporin-4 (AQP4) antibodies. Approximately 75% of patients have antibodies against aquaporin-4, a water channel expressed on astrocytes. These antibodies target astrocytes, leading to complement activation, inflammation, and subsequent damage to the central nervous system. Relapses are treated with high-dose steroids and plasma exchanges to prevent residual disability. Advances in understanding the pathophysiology of NMOSD have paved the way for targeted therapies, including monoclonal antibodies that inhibit complement activation, B-cell depletion strategies, and interventions targeting interleukin-6 signaling. Four preventive immunotherapies have now been approved for AQP4-IgG-positive NMOSD in many regions of the world: eculizumab, ravulizumab inebilizumab, and satralizumab. These treatments have significantly improved disease outcomes, offering hope for better management of NMOSD, although challenges remain in early diagnosis, treatment accessibility, and preventing relapses. Further research is essential to refine therapeutic approaches and explore novel targets to enhance patient care.
Physical Activity and Its Effects on Cancer Prevention, Survival Rates, and Recovery
Authors: Dubińska Michalina , Paduch-Jakubczyk Wiktoria , Bilska Wiktoria , Ciułek Urszula , Dobosz Anna , Zduńczyk Wiktoria
Published: September 2024

Introduction and Objective: Physical activity is any movement using skeletal muscles. It can be classified into four main categories: occupational, household, transport and recreational. These activities can also vary in intensity. This article aims to describe how physical activity affects cancer prevention, survival rates and recovery.
Review and Methods: Review and summary of studies and meta-analysis of studies available in open-source format on Google Scholar and PubMed.
State of Knowledge: Extensive research shows that regular physical activity reduces the risk of several cancers, particularly breast, colon, and endometrial cancers. Epidemiological studies consistently find that more active individuals have a lower incidence of certain cancers. Physical activity is also a useful adjunct to treatment, alleviating its negative effects. The protective effect of physical activity is believed to be dose-dependent, with greater benefits from higher frequencies, durations, and intensities. Recent studies suggest that physical activity may also improve survival rates in cancer patients, particularly for prostate, colorectal, and breast cancers.
Conclusions: The current data strongly supports the inclusion of regular physical activity as a key component of cancer prevention strategies. It may also be beneficial for cancer patients to enhance their chances of survival. Public health guidelines stress the importance of exercise to lower cancer risk and improve overall health.
Anterior decompression and posterior total laminectomy with fusion for ossification of the cervical posterior longitudinal ligament
Authors: Chen Kefu , Dong Xingcheng , Lu Yiwei , Zhang Jian , Liu Xiaodong , Jia Lianshun , Guo Ying , Chen Xiongsheng
Published: September 2024

Aims

Surgical approaches to cervical ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) remain controversial. The purpose of the present study was to analyze and compare the long-term neurological recovery following anterior decompression with fusion (ADF) and posterior laminectomy and fusion with bone graft and internal fixation (PLF) based on > ten-year follow-up outcomes in a single centre.

Methods

Included in this retrospective cohort study were 48 patients (12 females; mean age 55.79 years (SD 8.94)) who were diagnosed with cervical OPLL, received treatment in our centre, and were followed up for 10.22 to 15.25 years. Of them, 24 patients (six females; mean age 52.88 years (SD 8.79)) received ADF, and the other 24 patients (five females; mean age 56.25 years (SD 9.44)) received PLF. Clinical data including age, sex, and the OPLL canal-occupying ratio were analyzed and compared. The primary outcome was Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score, and the secondary outcome was visual analogue scale neck pain.

Results

Compared with the baseline, neurological function improved significantly after surgery in all patients of both groups (p < 0.001). The JOA recovery rate in the ADF group was significantly higher than that in the PLF group (p < 0.001). There was no significant difference in postoperative cervical pain between the two groups (p = 0.387). The operating time was longer and intraoperative blood loss was greater in the PLF group than the ADF group. More complications were observed in the ADF group than in the PLF group, although the difference was not statistically significant.

Conclusion

Long-term neurological function improved significantly after surgery in both groups, with the improvement more pronounced in the ADF group. There was no significant difference in postoperative neck pain between the two groups. The operating time was shorter and intraoperative blood loss was lower in the ADF group; however, the incidence of perioperative complications was higher.

Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2024;5(9):768–775.
Low complexity neural network equalizer for nonlinear mitigation in digital subcarrier multiplexing systems
Authors: Srivallapanondh Sasipim , Souza Pedro , Parisi Giuseppe , Devigili Mariano , Costa Nelson , Spinnler Bernhard , Napoli Antonio , Prilepsky Jaroslaw , Turitsyn Sergei
Published: September 2024

This paper presents a comparative study of neural network (NN) models for nonlinear compensation in digital subcarrier multiplexing (DSCM) systems. We employ the NN model based on bi-directional long short-term memory (biLSTM) and 1D-convolutional NN (1D-CNN) layers. To provide a lower complexity solution, weight clustering is applied to the NN. We specifically compare the performance of our proposed NN-based equalizer with traditional methods such as Chromatic Dispersion Compensation (CDC), Digital Back-Propagation (DBP) and alternative NN, based on triplet coefficients in perturbation analysis, proposed by Bakhshali, et al., evaluating both Q-factor performance and computational complexity. Our findings demonstrate that the NN-based equalizer offers competitive Q-factor improvements while significantly reducing the computational complexity, particularly when employing weight clustering. We show that the complexity of the NN can be reduced by up to 91.8% when compared to the NN based on perturbation analysis proposed by Bakhshali, et al. and by 31% when compared to the DBP with 1 step per span.
The results underscore the potential of NN-based approaches to deliver high-performance nonlinear compensation with lower computational demands, making them a promising solution for future optical nonlinear equalizers.
Quantitative analysis and optimization of X-ray Talbot effect wavefront sensing
Authors: Du Yang , Lin Angyi , Sun Baoning , Jianheng Huang , Li Qinming , Zhang Weiqing , Zhang Fucai
Published: September 2024

Talbot wavefront sensing is essential for in-situ X-ray wavefront measurements. It can identify beam defects and provide fast feedback for precise correction and optical alignment in synchrotron radiation sources and X-ray free-electron lasers. Here, we quantitatively analyze and optimize Talbot wavefront sensing using scalar diffraction theory, which allows simulation of in-situ wavefront measurements for specific beamline optical layouts and prediction of wavefront results. Our approach enables precise modeling and accurate wavefront sensing prediction, helping optimize complex X-ray systems and improve overall beamline performance, thereby increasing the reliability and quality of experimental data and making more efficient use of limited resources at advanced X-ray facilities.
The Making of the Universe
Authors: Le Dieu T
Published: September 2024

While Monsignor Georges Lemaître has been a giant in the scientific community, his theory of the origin of the universe, known as the Big Bang Theory, has come under scrutiny since the development of knowledge surrounding Dark Matter. This paper argues that Monsignor Georges Lemaître theory of the Big Bang is wrong and unravels when considering the moving force of the expansion of the universe. The research conducted for this paper demonstrates that the existence of the universe should be thought of as originating through a primordial bud, rather than a primordial atom. This paper also argues that the universe continues to grow in a pomological way with Dark Matter acting as its "sap.” This explanation puts forward a scientific way of solving Lemaître’s problem of the “outside force” as well as the need to place all growth forces within the primordial atom itself.
Neoclassical Gravitational Field Theory
Authors: Punnery Sudeer
Published: September 2024

This Neoclassical Gravitational Field Theory offers a potential alternative perspective on the nature of gravity by expanding upon Newton’s classical law of gravitation. It seeks to address fundamental questions, such as why gravity functions as it does and why nothing in the universe can escape its influence. This paper explores some of the long-standing mysteries of gravity, including why masses are multiplied in Newton's gravitational formula and why objects accelerate at the same rate in a local gravitational field, regardless of their structure or composition. By presenting a classical framework, this research aims to provoke discussion and encourage further exploration of alternative explanations for gravity, potentially leading to a deeper understanding of both gravity and the universe itself.
Blood periostin/procalcitonin index and glomerular filtration rate in various types of bronchial asthma
Authors: Trofimov V , Baranov D , Mineev V
Published: September 2024

Introduction. The possibility of co-existence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and bronchial asthma (BA) was shown earlier and we found that the mechanisms of the CKD development differ depending on the variant of the disease (allergic and nonallergic). New biomarkers of the activity of allergic (periostin) and infectious (procalcitonin) inflammation in BA have appeared. Evidence of the involvement of the periostin in the pathogenesis of the CKD was obtained, and an increase in the level of procalcitoninin CKD was also found. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the possible influence of periostin and procalcitonin on progression of creatinine clearance decrease regarding different BA phenotypes. Methods. 19 patients with BA (13 patients with an allergic variant, 6 patients with a nonallergic variant of the disease) were examined.The determination of blood periostin and blood procalcitonin was carried out by ELISA. The periostin/procalciton index was calculated, the resulting dimensionless value was subject to logarithming on the basis of 10. Results. It was found that the levels of periostin differ depending on the BA variant. With an allergic variant, the level of periostin is significantly higher than in nonallergic variant. The level of procalcitonin is much higher in a nonallergic variant of the disease, although the levels of this protein are on average within normal values in both variants of the disease. The glomerular filtration rate in the examined group of patients as a whole is within normal values. Factor analysis revealed that factor 1 reflects the relationship of the component characterizing the biomarkers of infectious inflammation (procalcitonin, ESR) with a negative factor load for bronchial asthma and the glomerular filtration rate with a positive factor load. The component of such an integral indicator as the periostin/procalcitonin index has the highest factor load; factor 2 reflects the negative impact of both biomarkers on the glomerular filtration rate; factor 3 reflects the characteristics of the eosinophilic IgE-mediated inflammation in bronchial asthma. Conclusion. Periostin and procalcitonin as biomarkers of allergic and infectious inflammation possibly influence the glomerular filtration rate in different variants of bronchial asthma. The activity of each biomarker may vary depending on BA type (allergic or nonallergic).
Problems in diagnosing pre-COPD (case report)
Authors: Ishchanka A , Hardziyevich T , Shchurok I , Siamionava I , Fedarchuk A , Zakharova V
Published: September 2024

Cigarette smoke is a key risk factor for developing COPD (GOLD, 2024). One of the factors responsible for tissue damage and bronchial remodeling in the early stages of the disease is patients’ hypersensitivity to nicotine and components of cigarette smoke. Because of early life adversity combined with environmental and genetic interactions, pulmonary function measures alone may not be appropriate for the early recognition and diagnosis of COPD. It seems necessary to identify biomarkers of the risk of developing pre-COPD to identify the early stage of the disease. In the article we describe the clinical case of patient M., 21 years old, a smoker with a history of respiratory symptoms, who has signs of chronic obstructive pathology with the formation of bronchial hypersensitivity and persistent obstruction that does not reach the threshold for COPD, which reflects a common clinical problem. Сertainly, the formation of the concept of pre-COPD and the development of clinical and instrumental diagnostic criteria are necessary. Previously, we developed and tested a prick-prick test method with nicotine. We propose to use skin testing with a nicotine solution as one of the diagnostic biomarkers to identify hypersensitivity at the first stage of tissue damage.
Modern infections: diagnosis and treatment guidelines
Authors: Zemskov A , Zemskova V , Bakuleva N
Published: September 2024

An increased spread of infectious disease is a distinctive sign of modern times. The course of infections is accompanied by increase in morbidity, the emergence of new or newly recognized pathogens (HIV, SARS-COVID-19, Lyme disease, Ebola, Lassa and Marburg virus diseases) as well as alterations of immune response to infection. It is of particular importance to highlight resulting issues of diagnostics and treatment of infectious diseases.