bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Current and Proposed Treatment Strategies for Siewert Type II Adenocarcinoma of the Esophagogastric Junction
Authors: Narumiya Kosuke , Kudo Kenji , Yagawa Yosuke , Maeda Shinsuke , Toyoshima Yukinori , Ogawa Kyohei , Izumika Sho , Osugi Harushi , Egawa Hiroto
Published: December 2021

BackgroundIncidence of adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction (AEG) is increasing in Japan as well as Western Country. However, there is no consensus on treatment strategy. The purpose of this study was to determine the optimal range of resection and lymph node dissection for Siewert type II AEG and to develop a strategy for treatment that includes adjuvant therapy to improve the survival rate. MethodsWe retrospectively investigate 88 cases of advanced AEG in patients who underwent surgery with lymph node dissection with 52 cases of superficial AEG, 23 of whom underwent endoscopic treatment (endoscopic mucosal resection [EMR] or endoscopic submucosal dissection [ESD]), and 29 of whom underwent surgery with lymph node dissection. ResultsThe optimal lymph nodes to resect for advanced AEG were in the inferior mediastinum (No. 110), in the lesser curvature (Nos. 1, 3, 7), No. 2, and No 11. According to area of actual lymph node metastasis, lymphadenectomy of lymph nodes 1, 2, 3, 7, and 11 was sufficient to improve survival of patients with superficial AEG. If esophageal involvement was >40 mm, we performed esophagectomy through right thoracotomy. The 5-year overall survival rates were 88% for patients treated with ESD, 78% for those with superficial AEG who under-went surgery, and 24% for those with advanced AEG (p = 0.011). Despite of lymph node dissection, twenty-five patients experienced lymph node metastasis after operation in advanced AEG and there were many disseminations in advanced AEG. There were no differences in survival between patients who received postoperative adjuvant therapy with S-1 for advanced AEG and those who received surgery alone (p = 0.5192).Conclusion Although surgical procedures of superficial and locally advanced AEG are standardized, the role of adjuvant therapy for AEG is still controversial. We recommend nab-paclitaxel plus radiotherapy for advanced AEG as neoadjuvant therapy.
Bioaugmentation of Corn Stalks Saccharification with Aspergillus Fumigatus Under Low/High Solid Loading Culture
Authors: Song Zhiwei , Wen Xuechen , Sheng Tao
Published: December 2021

Decomposed the dense structure of lignocellulosic feedstocks and hydrolysis lignocellulose into monosaccharide were essential prerequisite for bio-energy production at this level. In this study, a cellulosic fungi Aspergillus fumigatus CLL was conducted to pretreated the corn stalks under high/low solid loading culture to enhanced the cellulase saccharification performance. The results indicated that A. fumigatus CLL decomposed the corn stalks effectively under high/low solid loading culture, what’s more, A. fumigatus CLL completed the T. reesei cellulase system and promoted the corn stalks saccharification performance. 25.2% lignin was degraded after A. fumigatus CLL treated just for two day under low solid loading culture with holocellulose loss less than 10%. Meanwhile, the β-glucosidase of A. fumigatus CLL complemented the incomplete cellulase system of T. reesei, the maximum saccharification ratio of sample saccharified by T. reesei cellulase combined A. fumigatus CLL was comparable with the sample saccharified by commercial cellulase. Compared with raw corn stalks, the saccharification ratio of pretreated sample increased 3.1-3.4 fold. These results demonstrated that A. fumigatus CLL can be used for pretreatment of lignocellulosic materials to enhanced the saccharification performance.
Analysis of the Development Trend of Clinical Research Nurses in China Based On CiteSpace
Authors: Wu Ning , Li Mingzi
Published: December 2021

Objective

To reveal the development characteristics and trends of clinical research nurses in China and provide a reference for the training and employment of nursing talents.
Methods

Literature about clinical research nurses published from the year of database construction to 2020 were searched through the CNKI, Wanfang, Chinese Biomedical Literature (CBM) and Weipu (VIP) databases, and CiteSpace software was used to conduct a multidimensional analysis of the included literature.
Results

A total of 3,735 pieces of literature were retrieved, and after deduplication and screening, 199 pieces of literature were finally retained for this study. The practice and exploration of CRNs were regionalised, with varying degrees of development, and CRNs were at the forefront of development in oncology specialties.
Conclusion

It is important to continue to expand the breadth and depth of researchto promote the continuous development of China’s medical and health care to align with international standards.
The Homeostasis of p62/SQSTM1 Short Isoform Regulates Selective Autophagy
Authors: Wang Chengcheng , Peng Hong , Wang Zi , Yang Jiao , Li Chuanyin , Hu Ronggui , Geng Wujun
Published: December 2021

Autophagy, a highly conserved lysosomal degradation pathway, has been shown to play a pivotal role in many physiological and pathological processes. Sequestosome 1 (SQSTM1/p62) which serves as autophagy receptor is a multifunctional protein involved in signal transduction, protein degradation and cell transformation. Human SQSTM1 has two isoforms, p62L and p62S, which are derived from alternative splicing at the 5’donor sites. However, few studies focus on p62S, and its function needs to be further explored. Here we found that p62S, but not p62L is mainly degrades by ubiquitin-proteasome signaling pathway. E3 ligase TRIM72 was identified as an interacting partner for p62S, and promotes the ubiquitination and degradation of p62S. Furthermore, we demonstrate that p62S competes with the autophagy receptor p62L which binds to ubiquitinated autophagy cargoes, thus playing a dominant negative role in autophagy regulation, while this inhibitory effect could be attenuated by TRIM72-dependent ubiquitination of p62S. Delineation of the mechanism and regulatory roles of p62S sheds a new light on the proposed pathological implications of p62 in cell physiology. TRIM72 and p62S are promising therapeutic targets for autophagy-related diseases.
The Heat Is on: a Simple Method to Increase Genome Editing Efficiency in Plants
Authors: Blomme Jonas , Develtere Ward , Köse Ayse , Ribera Júlia Arraiza , Brugmans Christophe , Jaraba-Wallace Jessica , Decaestecker Ward , Rombaut Debbie , Baekelandt Alexandra , Fernández Alvaro Daniel Fernández , Breusegem Frank , Inzé Dirk , Jacobs Thomas
Published: December 2021

Background: Precision genome mutagenesis using CRISPR/Cas has become the standard method to generate mutant plant lines. Several improvements have been made to increase mutagenesis efficiency, either through vector optimisation or the application of heat stress. Results: Here, we present a simplified heat stress assay that can be completed in six days using commonly-available laboratory equipment. We show that three heat shocks (3xHS) efficiently increases indel efficiency of LbCas12a and Cas9, irrespective of the target sequence or the promoter used to express the nuclease. The generated indels are primarily somatic, but for three out of five targets we demonstrate that up to 25% more biallelic mutations are transmitted to the progeny when heat is applied compared to non-heat controls. We also applied our heat treatment to lines containing CRISPR base editors and observed a 22-27% increase in the percentage of C-to-T base editing. Furthermore, we test the effect of 3xHS on generating large deletions and a homologous recombination reporter. Interestingly, we observed no positive effect of 3xHS treatment on either approach using our conditions.Conclusions: Together, our experiments show that heat treatment is consistently effective at increasing the number of somatic mutations using many CRISPR approaches in plants and in some cases can increase the recovery of mutant progeny.
New Technique for Detecting Cracked Teeth and Evaluating the Crack Depth by Contrast-enhanced Cone Beam Computed Tomography: an in Vitro Study
Authors: Zhou Jie , Fu Jieni , Xiao Mo , Lv Yangyang , Wu Fei , Qiao Feng , Fu Tiantian , Sun Cuicui , Li Peng , Wu Ligeng
Published: December 2021

Background: Develop a new technique based on contrast-enhanced cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) to improve the detection of cracked teeth and the accuracy of crack depth evaluation in vitro. Methods: We developed an in vitro artificial simulation model of cracked teeth. Pre-experimental CBCT (pre-CBCT), and micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) were first performed for all cracked teeth (n = 31). Contrast-enhanced CBCT was then performed by infiltrating the crack with ioversol under vacuum conditions. The results of pre-CBCT, micro-CT, and contrast-enhanced CBCT were recorded. SPSS v.26.0 software (IBM Corp, Somers, NY) and R software , version 3.6.0 (R Foundation for Statistical Computing; http://www.r-project.org/) and RStudio 1.1.463 (RStudio, PBC, Boston, MA, US) were used to perform the statistical analysis for the study.Results: The sensitivities of pre-CBCT and contrast-enhanced CBCT were 48.4%, and 67.7%, respectively. ICC value of crack depth as measured by pre-CBCT and contrast-enhanced CBCT was 0.847 (95% confidence interval:0.380-0.960; P < 0.001). The areas under ROC curves (AUC) of pre-CBCT and contrast-enhanced CBCT were different, the AUC of pre-CBCT was 0.958 (P = 0.000, 95% CI :0.843-1.074), and the AUC of enhanced CBCT was 0.979 (P = 0.000, 95% CI :0.921-1.037), and the difference was not statistically significant (Z=-0.707, P = 0.480). The ICC value of crack depth as measured by contrast-enhanced CBCT and micro-CT was 0.753 (95% CI: 0.248-0.911; P < 0.001). Conclusion: Contrast-enhanced CBCT under vacuum conditions with a contrast medium can only significantly improve the cracks detection rate of cracked teeth, but not measure the crack depths accurately.
Evaluation of health-related quality of life in patients with Kashin-Beck disease using a new questionnaire：A cross-sectional study
Authors: Jin Zhankui , Sun Zhengming , Wu Xueyuan , Chen Ming , Yang Bo , Dong Xianghui , Liu Shizhang , Chang Yanhai , Xu Cuixiang , Yi Zhi , Ling Ming
Published: December 2021

Objective: Kashin-Beck disease (KBD) is an endemic deformable bone and joint disease, which seriously affects the quality of life (QOL) of patients. We tried to conduct a cross-sectional study of the QOL of KBD patients by a new KBD quality of life (KBDQOL) questionnaire.Methods: 252 KBD patients came from Northwest China, and 260 healthy people living in the same area as KBD patients served as the control group. KBDQOL questionnaire was used to evaluate the QOL of all objects.Results: The average score of physical functions, activity limitations, support of society, mental health and general health of KBD patients was significantly lower than that in control group. There was no statistical difference in economics between KBD patients and control group. The univariate analysis showed that age, height, weight status, education level and grade of KBD had a statistically significant effect on KBDQOL score. The results of multivariate analysis showed that grade of KBD was the influencing factor of physical function score; sex, age, height, grade of KBD and duration of symptoms were the influencing factors of activity restriction score; grade of KBD was the influencing factor of economic score, age and grade of KBD were influencing factors of general health.Conclusions: The QOL of patients with KBD was significantly lower than that of healthy people living in the same place. The KBDQOL questionnaire may be a promising tool for assessing the QOL of KBD patients.
Detection of Deregulated miRNAs in Childhood Epileptic Encephalopathies
Authors: Ünalp Aycan , Coçkunpınar Ender , Gündüz Kübra , Pekuz Serdar , Baysal Bahar Toklu , Edizer Selvinaz , Hayretdağ Ceyda , Güdeloğlu Elif
Published: December 2021

Aims
The term "epileptic encephalopathy" is used to describe a possible relationship between epilepsy and developmental delay. The pathogenesis of developmental encephalopathies, independent of epilepsy, can be defined by genetic control mechanisms. The aim of this study was to investigate the use of miRNAs as serum biomarkers for the determination and discrimination of epileptic encephalopathies.
Methods
Whole blood samples obtained from 54 individuals in 2 groups designated as epileptic encephalopathy patients group (n=24) and healthy controls (n=30) were included in this study. The expression levels of 10 miRNAs were determined using qRT-PCR. After the determination of expression levels the correlation of upregulated miRNA levels and Ki67 index was calculated using Pearson correlation test.
Results
The comparison of epileptic encephalopathy patients group with healthy controls revealed the upregulation of one miRNAs (hsa-miR-324-5p) and downregulation of three miRNAs (hsa-miR-146a-5p, hsa-miR-138-5p, hsa-miR-187-3p).
Conclusion
It has been determined that miRNAs with altered expression are an important factor in the formation of epileptic seizures and seizure-induced neuronal death. The fact that processes that play a key role in epiloptogenesis are under the control of miRNAs causes miRNAs to become meta-controllers of gene expression in the brain. We thouhgt that further studies are needed to prove that especially, hsa-miR-146a-5p, hsa-miR-138-5p and hsa-miR-187-3p can be used as epileptic encephalopathy biomarkers. Detection of disease-specific miRNAs could contribute to the development of presicion treatments.
Transcriptomic Analyses of Differential Host Responses to Red Rot Pathogen Colletotrichum Falcatum in Sugarcane Through Subtractive Library and NGS Approach
Authors: Sathyabhama M. , Viswanathan Rasappa , Prasanth C.N. , Malathi P. , Sundar A. Ramesh
Published: December 2021

The fungal pathogen Colletotrichum falcatum causes the stalks, the economically important for sugar extraction. Although, disease management is achieved by cultivating resistant cultivars, the complex polyploidy of sugarcane genome complicates understanding the inheritance of disease resistance. Earlier attempts of using resistant and susceptible varieties to understand host-pathogen interaction resulted in cultivar specific expression of genes due to different genomic background of the varieties. To avoid host background variation in the interaction, suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) based next generation sequencing technology was utilized in the same cv Co 7805 which behaves differently as incompatible and compatible to two different C. falcatum pathotypes. In the incompatible interaction (ICI) with C. falcatum pathotype Cf87012 (Less virulent, LVir) 10,038 contigs were assembled from ~54,699,263 raw reads. In the compatible interaction (CI) to the C. falcatum pathotype Cf94012 (Virulent, Vir) 4022 contigs were assembled from ~52,509,239 raw reads. The transcripts homologous to CEBiP receptor and transcripts involved in the signals ROS, Ca2+, BR, JA and ABA were exhibited in both the responses. Additionally, MAPK, ET, PI signals and JA amino conjugation related transcripts were found only in ICI. Finally, the temporal gene expression of a total number of 16 transcripts was monitored in qRT-PCR. Most of the transcripts exhibited highest induction in ICI in comparison with CI. Further, more than 17 transcripts specific to the pathogen were found only in CI, indicating that the pathogen colonizes the host tissue whereas it failed to to do so in ICI. Overall, this study has identified for the first time, the differential responses of a single sugarcane host to two different C. falcatum pathotypes and PAMP triggered immunity (PTI) is exhibited in both the responses, but the more efficient effector triggered immunity (ETI) was found only in ICI at the molecular level.
Study on the Therapeutic Mechanism of LXGYD on Intestinal Stem Cells and Tight Junction Proteins in GI-ARS Rats
Authors: Yan Ziqiao , Yin Bofeng , Wang Yuguo , Feng Jian , Yang Qianyu , Li Xiao , Zhu Heng , Dou Yongqi
Published: December 2021

Background: Gastrointestinal acute radiation injury syndrome (GI-ARS) is potentially lethal and may occur after exposure to high radiation doses. Various chemical and biological agents have been developed to treat GI-ARS. However, their clinical utility is limited as they induce serious adverse reactions at their effective doses. Chinese herbal medicines have attracted attention because of their protective efficacy and low toxicity in radiation exposure treatment. However, their cellular and molecular mechanisms remain unknown. Here, we investigated the effects of the Chinese herbal Liangxue-Guyuan-Yishen decoction (LXGYD) on the intestinal stem cells and signal pathways of a GI-ARS rat model. Currently, there are limited treatment methods available globally; LXGYD might be a potential therapeutic option for patients with GI-ARS. Methods: The rat GI-ARS model was prepared by whole-body irradiation with 10-Gy of 60Co-γ rays. Various LXGYD concentrations were intragastrically administered to the irradiated rats. Health status and survival of the rats were evaluated and the protective efficacy of LXGYD on the intestines was assayed by pathological analysis. The active principles in LXGYD were detected by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and their potential targets and pathways were screened by network pharmacological analysis. Intestinal stem cell proliferation, intestinal epithelial tight junction (TJ) protein expression, and regulatory pathways were explored by immunohistochemistry (IHC), western blotting (WB), and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), respectively.Results: LXGYD administration significantly improved health status and survival in GI-ARS rats. The pathological analysis showed that LXGYD ameliorated radiation-induced intestinal injury. The LXGYD infusion significantly promoted LGR5+ stem cell regeneration in the ileal crypts, upregulated TJ proteins, and accelerated crypt reconstruction in the irradiated rats in a dose-dependent manner. LC-MS revealed ≥ 13 LXGYD constituents that might contribute to its protective effects. Involvement of the WNT and MEK/ERK pathways in intestinal repair and recovery were screened by network pharmacology analysis and validated by western blotting.Conclusions: The present study disclosed a heretofore unrecognized role of the Chinese herbal LXGYD in rescuing the intestinal stem cells of a GI-ARS rat model. It also showed that the WNT and MEK/ERK pathways may be involved in LXGYD-mediated intestinal regeneration in GI-ARS.
Comparison of the Clinical Characteristics and Prognosis Between Clear Cell Carcinomas and High-grade Serous Ovarian Carcinomas
Authors: Dong Shixiang , Yu Fengsheng , Liu Yutong , Yu Xiao , Sun Xin , Wang Wenjie , Wang Yankui
Published: December 2021

Objectives: To compare the clinical characteristics and prognosis of women with clear cell versus high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma.Methods: Retrospective analysis of the clinical data of 50 cases patients with ovarian clear cell carcinoma (OCCC) and 103 cases with high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC), who were initially treated and completed standardized therapy in Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University from January 2013 to December 2017.Results: There were significant differences in age, gravidity (G > 1), chief complaint, with ovarian endometriosis, tumor diameter, unilateral or bilateral, cystic and solid tumor, CA125, HE4, CA199, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and FIGO stage between the two groups. The differences in the prognosis between OCCC patients and HGSOC patients with early stage (FIGO I-II) were not statistically significant. The 5-year overall survival and progression-free survival of OCCC patients were significantly worse than those of HGSOC patients with advanced stage (FIGO III-IV) (P < 0.05). FIGO stage and non-R0 resection were independent risk factors affecting the prognosis of patients with ovarian clear cell carcinoma, screening by Cox regression analysis. FIGO stage, the lowest value of CA125, and non-R0 resection were independent risk factors affecting the prognosis of patients with high-grade serous ovarian cancer.Conclusions: The clinical characteristics and prognosis of OCCC are different from those of HGSOC. OCCC patients have a significantly worse prognosis than those with HGSOC in the advanced stage (FIGO Ⅲ-Ⅳ). Satisfactory tumor resection is an essential factor related to the prognosis of patients with OCCC and HGSOC.
Experimental Study On Pyrolysis of Rice Straw Catalyzed By CaO/Al2O3-Phosphate Mixture
Authors: Xu Lianlian , Xu Zhongwen , Zhang Feng , Yuan Yinmei , Cheng Bin , Zhang Chuang , Chen Ping , Huang Xiangyong , Lin Yuyu , Gu Mingyan
Published: December 2021

This paper studied the synergistic effects of CaO or Al2O3 and three potassium phosphates (e.g., KH2PO4, K2HPO4·3H2O and K3PO4·3H2O) in the rice stalk pyrolysis through pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (Py-GC/MS) experiments. The results show that after co-catalyzed by CaO/Al2O3 and potassium phosphates, the total contents of phenols, aldehydes, acids, LG from most samples decrease and those of ketones increase compared with those catalyzed by potassium phosphates alone. CaO/Al2O3 and potassium phosphates show synergistic effects in the regulation of the types or contents of phenols, ketones, aldehydes, etc. and are suitable for the production of ketone-rich bio-oil. Dehydration reactions, etc. are further promoted under the co-catalysis of the two catalysts, and some phenols can be converted to benzene products, etc. The contents of acetic acid can decrease to 0. For 50% K3PO4.3H2O impregnated sample, the yields of furans reduce sharply after CaO addition. For most impregnated samples except 50% K2HPO4·3H2O sample and 30%, 50% K3PO4.3H2O, the contents of total furans and furfural increase after Al2O3 addition.
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging Pattern in Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Gunawan Prastiya Indra , Noviandi Riza , Samosir Sunny Mariana
Published: December 2021

Background

Cerebral palsy (CP) leads to a common static motor neurological disease in children that can be demonstrated with varied neuroimaging findings. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) has a vital role of determining the presence of brain injury and its extent, with any possibility of determining pathogenic pattern and disease severity. The objective of the study is to evaluate the neuroimaging findings in CP and their correlation to disease severity.
Method

The research was case-control study, consecutive and complete records of all patients who had a clinical diagnosis of CP and performed a head MRI between 2018 and 2019 were enrolled in this study. Cases group were children diagnosed as severe CP with The Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) IV-V. Control group were children confirmed as CP with GMFCS I-III. Brain imaging was examined by MRI, in which the abnormalities were classified into grey matter or white matter injury, focal vascular disorder and brain malformation. Kruskal-Wallis statistical analysis was applied to identify the correlation.
Results

Almost 60 cases were reviewed. White matter injury, malformation and focal vascular insult were not correlated significantly to CP severity (OR = 0.73; 95% CI = 0.2-2.2; p = 0.78 and OR = 0.61; 95% CI = 0.2-1.9; p = 0.57 and OR = 2.034; 95% CI = 0.51-0.76; p = 0.63, respectively). Grey matter injury was more frequent discovered in severe CP (50%) and increased the risk of CP severity (OR = 9; 95% CI = 2.2 – 36; p = 0.002).
Conclusion

Grey matter injury is considered the most frequent abnormalities of Brain MRI in CP and it could increase the risk of severity.
New Physics II: Spin Picture, Particle Structure, and Fundamental Interactions
Authors: Kang China
Published: December 2021

Experimental data sometimes fails to render the expected truth, such as high-speed bullets smashing into pieces on a water surface cannot verify the water's hardness. By re-examining the essence underneath quantum phenomena and analyzing their relevance to universal classical theory, this study has thoroughly revealed the classical counterpart of spin. From now on, almost all quantum concepts (e.g., wave particle duality, quantum entanglement, and magnetic moment anomaly) can be understood classically, just as prominent physicists such as Planck, Einstein, and Schrödinger longed for back then.
Minimally Invasive Surgery in Emergency Surgery: A WSES Survey
Authors: Ceresoli Marco , Pisano Michele , Abu-Zidan Fikri , Allievi Niccolò , Gurusamy Kurinchi , Biffl Walt L. , Tebala Giovanni D. , Catena Fausto , Ansaloni Luca , Sartelli Massimo , Kluger Yoram , Baiocchi Gianluca , Group WSES MIS Working , Consortia WSES MIS , Coccolini Federico
Published: December 2021

Background: The diffusion of minimally invasive surgery in emergency surgery still represents a developing challenge. Evidence about the use of minimally invasive surgery shows its feasibility and safety, however the diffusion of these techniques is still poor. The aims of the present survey were to explore the diffusion and variations in the use of minimally invasive surgery among surgeons in the emergency setting.Methods: This is a web-based survey administered to all the WSES members investigating the diffusion of minimally invasive surgery in emergency. The survey investigated personal characteristics of participants, hospital characteristics, personal confidence in the use of minimally invasive surgery in emergency, limitations in the use of it and limitations to prosecute minimally invasive surgery in emergency surgery. Characteristics related to the use of minimally invasive surgery were studied with a multivariate ordinal regression.Results: The survey collected a total of 415 answers; 42.2% of participants declared a working experience >15 years and 69.4% of responders worked in tertiary level centre or academic hospital. In primary emergencies only28,7% of participants declared the use of laparoscopy in more than 50% of times. Personal confidence with minimally invasive techniques was the highest for appendectomy and cholecystectomy. At multivariate ordinal regression a longer professional experience, the use of laparoscopy in major elective surgery and bariatric surgery expertise were related to a higher use of laparoscopy in emergency surgery.Conclusions: The survey shows that minimally invasive techniques in emergency surgery are still underutilized. Greater focus should be placed on the development of dedicated training in laparoscopy among emergency surgeons.
Compressive Strength Evaluation of Concrete Confined With Spiral Stirrups by Using Adaptive Neuro-fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS)
Authors: Chang Wei , Zheng Wenzhong
Published: December 2021

The compressive strength of concrete confined with spiral stirrups was an important parameter to evaluate the load-bearing capacity of concrete columns. The confinement provided by spiral stirrups let concrete under the triaxial compression state and improved the compressive strength of concrete. However, the relationships between concrete and stirrups were complex and the existing prediction models for evaluating the compressive strength of confined concrete were various. In this paper, an adaptive neural-fazzy inferenxe system (ANFIS) model was developed to evaluate the compressive strength of concrete confined with stirrups. A set of 231 experimental results of concrete confined with spiral stirrups were collected from the previous studies to establish a reliable database. The investigated parameters included the aspect ratio of specimens, the diameter, spacing, yield strength, and volumetric ratio of stirrups, the ratio of longitudinal reinforcement, and the compressive strength of concrete. The results showed that the ANFIS model predicted the compressive strength of confined concrete accurately. By comparing with existing models, the proposed ANFIS model had high applicable and reliability. The effects of the investigated parameters on the compressive strength of concrete were analyzed based on the proposed ANFIS model.
Complete Genome Sequence of Bacteriophage EFC1 Infecting Enterococcus Faecalis From Chicken
Authors: Wang Qi , Liu Na
Published: December 2021

In response to Enterococcus faecalis infection of chicken origin, a multi host lytic phage, EFC1 was isolated and characterized the double-stranded circular DNA genome with size of 56099 bp, containing 89 predicted protein coding genes as well as 2 tRNAs involved in intron, structure, transcription, packaging, DNA replication, modification, lysis. Observation of the structure by electron microscopy and comparative phylogenetic analysis of terminase large subunit showed that the phage EFC1 belongs to a new member of Siphoviridae, which is relatively distantly related to its high similarity phages. The phage EFC1 has no relevant virulence genes and antibiotic resistance genes.
Prognostic Implication of Serum Glycated Albumin for Patients With Non-ST-segment Elevation Acute Coronary Syndrome Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Liu Chi , Zhao Qi , Ma Xiaoteng , Cheng Yujing , Sun Yan , Zhang Dai , Liu Xiaoli , Zhou Yujie
Published: December 2021

Background: It has been demonstrated that glycated albumin (GA) is significantly associated with diabetes complications and mortality. However, among patients diagnosed with non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE-ACS) administered percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), the predictive value of GA for poor prognosis is unclear.Methods: This study eventually included 2247 NSTE-ACS patients in Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University in January-December 2015 who received PCI. All patients were followed up until death or for 48 months post-discharge. The primary endpoint was major adverse cardio-cerebral events (MACCEs), including all-cause death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, ischemia-induced revascularization and non-fatal ischemic stroke.Results: In total, 547 (24.3%) MACCEs were recorded during the follow-up period. Upon adjusting for potential confounders, GA remained an important risk predictor of MACCEs (hazard ratio [HR]=1.051, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.026-1.077; P<0.001). GA addition significantly enhanced the predictive ability of the traditional risk model (Harrell’s C-index, GA vs. Baseline model, 0.691 vs. 0.678, comparison P=0.001; continuous net reclassification improvement (continuous-NRI)=0.099, P=0.027; integrated discrimination improvement (IDI)=0.008, P=0.020).Conclusion: GA is highly correlated with poor prognosis in NSTE-ACS patients undergoing PCI, suggesting that it may be a major predictive factor of adverse events among these individuals.
The Incidence of Bordetella Pertussis Infections in Jahrom City, Southern Iran
Authors: Raufi Rahim , Shahriarirad Reza , Taghipour Nikta
Published: December 2021

Background: Bordetella Pertussis, known as the causative agent of whooping cough, is one of the leading causes of recurrent persistent cough at all ages, even in vaccinated individuals. Methods: A total number of 110 patients coughing for at least two weeks who were admitted to clinical centers in Jahrom, Iran, were included in this cross-sectional study. For this purpose, blood samples were collected from these individuals at two stages, i.e., at the beginning of the study and on the 21st day. Afterward, anti-pertussis toxin (PT) immunoglobulin G (IgG) was measured in serum samples via the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The given cases were further evaluated in terms of age, gender, occupation, place of living, and family size.Results: Out of 110 patients recruited in this study, 77 cases were female (70%). Also, only seven patients were shown to be serologically positive (6.4%). Moreover, no significant association was observed between pertussis incidence rate and the study variables, namely, age, gender, occupation, residency area (urban or rural), and family size (p>0.05).Conclusions: This study aimed to emphasize pertussis occurrence in individuals who merely present persistent cough without typical symptoms. This requires the physicians to conduct more precise assessments along with more rapid diagnostic methods.
Effect of timing of school enrollment on physical fitness in third graders
Authors: Fühner Thea , Granacher Urs , Golle Kathleen , Kliegl Reinhold
Published: December 2021

Timing of school enrollment may vary considerably due to children who were enrolled early / delayed or skipped / repeated a school year. Accordingly, the age range within school grades includes older-than-keyage (OTK) and younger-than-keyage (YTK) children. Studies examining academic performance of OTK and YTK children versus keyage children reported large differences in academic performance. However, there are no studies available that examined physical fitness of OTK and YTK versus keyage children. The aim of this study was to compare physical fitness of OTK (N = 25,086) and YTK (N = 1,885) children versus keyage children (N = 108,295) in a sample of German third graders. Physical fitness tests comprised cardiorespiratory endurance, coordination, speed, lower, and upper limbs muscle power. Predictions of physical fitness performance for YTK and OTK children were estimated using data from keyage children by taking age, sex, school, and cohort into account. The difference between observed and predicted z-scores yielded a delta z-score that was used as a dependent variable in the linear mixed models. Findings indicate that OTK children showed impaired performance compared to keyage children, especially in coordination, and that YTK children outperformed keyage children, especially in coordination. Teachers should be aware that despite their age advantage, OTK children often show impaired fitness compared to keyage children.
Intravitreal Injections and Face Masks: Endophthalmitis Risk Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Karimi Saeed , Mohammadzadeh Amir , Ramezani Alireza , Ansari Iman , Nouri Hosein , Abtahi Seyed-Hossein , Nikkhah Homayoun
Published: December 2021

In this retrospective, single-center study, the records of patients with acute endophthalmitis following intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) injections during the pre-COVID and COVID-19 eras were reviewed and compared. A total of 28,085 IVB injections were performed during the pre-COVID era; nine eyes of nine patients developed acute post-IVB endophthalmitis in this era, giving an overall incidence of 0.032% (3.2 in 10000 injections). In the COVID era, a total of 10,717 IVB injections were performed; four eyes of four patients developed acute post IVB endophthalmitis in this era, giving an overall incidence of 0.037% (3.7 in 10000 injections). The incidences of post-IVB endophthalmitis during these two eras were not different (P-value = 0.779). The BCVA of the eyes affected during the COVID era showed poor improvement back to baseline values, after three months, even with prompt and maximum treatment. Face masking protocols seem unlikely to increase the risk of post-IVB endophthalmitis.
A Covariant Cauchy-Schwartz Measure’s Bounding Conditions to BSM Searches
Authors: Maalouf Hani W.
Published: December 2021

Solving for the missing masses in the Higgs resonances, it was necessary to extend, even quantitatively via an index measurable amount, the SM using a threshold related longitudinal violation procedure. The obtained expression, by being non-contributing via its non-anomalously resulting parameter, is linked to a Cauchy-Schwartz 4-scalar product ratio type of two virtual Gauge Bosons momenta in its minimal anomalous configuration, as vs. its non-anomalous internal. Changing the bounds from energy into momenta, a convexity condition appears. Such technique clarifies the perturbative e.m. fields’ extensions into perturbative and non-perturbative QCD.In applications, there is the violation of the chiral insertion by the axion into neutrinos, and the Lepton number when passing form velocity to spin resonances, such confirming the CS procedure as plus the defiance of the SM comes through their branching ratios but not their angular distributions. Further which if remaining at the same level of minimization can restore the universality of extendibility in the Higgs self-couplings.Leading into deriving the phase of K0 → π+π-, in A(∆1=2)/A(∆1=0) so a conformal skipping dynamical shift from direct CP violation of D0 → K+K- and D0 → π+π- asymmetries, in the long-short mixing concords the phase of KL → π0ννbar, solving the KOTO anomaly.
Bursatella leachii purple ink secretion extract exerts cytotoxic properties against human hepatocarcinoma cell line (HepG2): In vitro and in silico studies
Authors: Alehaideb Zeyad ,   Mahadev Kokane2,   Anuradha Venkatraman2, Mohamed Syed Ali , Rameshbabu Saranya , Suliman Rasha S. , Alghamdi Sahar S. , Al-Eidi Hamad , Alghanem Bandar , Abdulla Maha-Hamadien , Matou-Nasri Sabine
Published: December 2021

Liver cancer is the third leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Marine mollusc-derived extracts have gained attention as new potential natural-based anticancer agents to overcome the side effects caused by conventional chemotherapeutic drugs during cancer therapy. We evaluated the cytotoxic effects of a crude extract from the purple-ink released by the sea hare named Bursatella leachii (B. leachii) against human hepatocarcinoma cell line (HepG2) and explored the underlying mechanisms causing the programmed cell death (i.e., apoptosis). Expression of cleaved-caspase-8 and cleaved-caspase-3, key cysteine-aspartic proteases involved in the initiation and completion of the apoptosis process, appeared after HepG2 cell exposure to B. leachii extract. Gene expression levels of pro-apoptotic BAX, tumour suppressor TP53 and Cyclin D1 were increased after treatment with B. leachii. Using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, the main biomolecules in the B. leachii extract were identified as hectochlorin, malyngamide X, malyngamide S, bursatellin, and lyngbyatoxin A. Applying in silico approaches, the high scores predicted bioactivities for the five compounds were protease and kinase inhibitors. The ADME and cytochrome profiles for the compounds were also predicted. Altogether, the cytotoxic B. leachii extract presents high pro-apoptotic potentials, suggesting it as a promising safe natural product-based drug for the treatment of liver cancer.
Treatment of classic mid-trimester preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) with oligo/ anhydramnion between 22 – 26 weeks’ gestation by means of continuous amnioinfusion: a randomized multicentric prospective controlled TRIAL
Authors: Tchirikov Michael , Haiduk Christian , Tchirikov Miriam , Riemer Marcus , Henschen Stephan , Entezami Michael , Wienke Andreas , Seliger Gregor
Published: December 2021

Background: The classic mid-trimester preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM), is defined as rupture of fetal membranes prior to 28 weeks’ gestation (WG) with oligo/ anhydramnion, complicates approximately 0.4-0.7% of all pregnancies and is associated with very high neonatal mortality and morbidity.Antibiotics have limited success to prevent bacterial growth, chorioamnionitis and fetal inflammation. The repetitive amnioinfusion doesn’t work because of immediately fluid lost after the intervention. The continuous amnioinfusion through the transabdomianal port system or catheter in patients with classic PPROM shows promise by flush out of bacteria and inflammatory components from the amniotic cavity, replacing amniotic fluid and thus prolonging PPROM-to-delivery interval.Aim: This multicenter trial tests the effect of continuous amnioinfusion on the neonatal survival without the typical major morbidities, like severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia, intraventricular hemorrhage, cystic periventricular leukomalacia and necrotizing enterocolitis one year after the delivery.Methods/Design: randomized multicenter trial; two-arm parallel design. Control group: PPROM patients between 22/0 (20/0) -26/0 WG treated with antibiotics and corticosteroids in accordance to guidelines of German Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology (standard PPROM therapy). In the interventional group the standard PPROM therapy will be complemented by “Amnion Flush Method” with the amnioinfusion of artificial amniotic fluid (up to 100 ml/h, 2400 ml/day).Subjects: 68 patients with classic PPROM between 22/0 (20/0)-26/0 WG.TRIAL-registration: ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT04696003 and German Clinical Trials Register: DRKS00024503, January 2021.The trial is approved by the Ethic committee of the Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg (2020-185, January 25, 2021).
Racism in Australia: a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ben Jehonathan , Elias Amanuel , Issaka Ayuba , Truong Mandy , Dunn Kevin , Sharples Rachel , McGarty Craig , Walton Jessica , Mansouri Fethi , Denson Nida , Paradies Yin
Published: December 2021

Background
Racism has been identified as a major source of injustice and a health burden in Australia and across the world. Despite the surge in Australian quantitative research on the topic, and the increasing recognition of the prevalence and impact of racism in Australian society, the collective evidence base has yet to be comprehensively reviewed or meta-analysed. This protocol describes the first systematic review and meta-analysis of racism in Australia at the national level. The current study will considerably improve our understanding of racism, including its manifestations and fluctuation over time, variation across settings and between groups, and associations with health and socio-economic outcomes.
Methods
The research will consist of a systematic literature review and meta-analysis. Searches for relevant studies will focus on the social and health science databases CINAHL, PsycINFO, PubMed and Scopus. Two reviewers will independently screen eligible papers for inclusion, and extract data from included studies. Studies will be included in the review and meta-analysis where they meet the following criteria: 1) report quantitative empirical research based on study participants’ self-reports; 2) report data on the prevalence of racism, or its association with health (e.g., mental health, physical health, health behaviours) or socio-economic outcomes (e.g., education, employment, income); and 3) report Australian data. Existing reviews will be manually searched for additional studies. Study characteristics will be summarised, and a meta-analysis of the prevalence of racism and its associations will be conducted using random effects models and mean weighted effect sizes. Moderation and subgroup analyses will be conducted as well. All analyses will use the software CMA 3.0.
Discussion
This study will provide a novel and comprehensive synthesis of the quantitative evidence base on racism in Australia. It will answer questions about the fluctuation of racism over time, its variation across settings and groups, and its relationship with health and socio-economic outcomes. Findings will be discussed in relation to broader debates in this growing field of research, and will be widely disseminated to inform anti-racism research, action and policy nationally. Registration: submitted, 20.07.2021.
Optimizing efficiencies in biosecurity surveillance and monitoring: testing colour and multi-lure traps on tomato potato psyllid, other plant-lice (Psylloidea) and stinkbugs (Pentatomoidea)
Authors: Moir Melinda , Croeser Louise , Telfer Don , Fenner Christopher , McCauley Rosalie
Published: December 2021

Cost efficiency in biosecurity surveillance is vital, and the ability to survey for multiple pest species using just one trap therefore highly appealing. The Psylloidea, or plantlice, contain significant horticultural pest species that act as vectors for a number of deleterious plant bacteriums. We examine the efficacy of using two different coloured sticky traps, and two lure types on the general Psylloidea and Pentatomoidea fauna, and a target extant pest psyllid; tomato potato psyllid (TPP) Bactericera cockerelli (Šulc). Specifically, we test the effect of lure (no lure, Asian citrus psyllid ACP lure, brown marmorated stink bug BMSB lure, combined lures), sticky trap color (green vs yellow), and sentinel plant (tomato vs citrus) on psyllid and stink bug species in 104 urban backyards across Perth, Australia. We found that tomato sentinel host plants and green traps significantly increased the capture rate of TPP, but that all lures decreased the capture of TPP. Green traps also increased the capture rate of all other Psylloidea. Although BMSB lures reduced TPP capture, these lures increased abundances of other Psylloidea and the pest stinkbug Plautia affinis (Dallas) on traps. Thus, our experiment demonstrates that increased efficiencies can be gained with combination traps and lures for particular groups, provided that they have been tested on focal organisms in the first instance, as reactions to non-target lures are unpredictable and species specific.
Acid Phosphatase Activity in Freshwater Ecosystems of Western Cuba and its Relationship with Water Quality
Authors: Murrell Jeny Adina Larrea , Alvarez Beatriz Romeu , Moya Daysi Lugo , Badía Marcia M. Rojas
Published: December 2021

Enzyme activity plays an important role in the functioning of aquatic ecosystems. It is sensitive to changes in environmental conditions such as pH, temperature, and nutrient concentration. The objective of this work was to determine the acid phosphatase activity (AcPA) in the Almendares and San Juan rivers (western Cuba) and its relationship with physicochemical and microbiological indicators. For this purpose, AcPA, temperature, pH, total dissolved solids, electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen, concentration of nitrates, nitrites, ammonium, phosphates, total heterotrophs, enterococci, Escherichia coli, thermotolerant coliforms, chlorophyll a and chemical oxygen demand (COD) were determined at three sampling stations on the Almendares River and at three sampling stations on the San Juan River. In addition, the nutrient pollution index (NPI) and the N:P ratio were calculated. In both ecosystems, spatio-temporal variability was observed in the enzymatic activity. In the Almendares River (polluted ecosystem), AcPA was positively correlated with nitrate concentration and COD. While in the San Juan River (slightly contaminated ecosystem) the AcPA correlated negatively with the pH and NPI and positively with the concentrations of total heterotrophs, Escherichia coli, chlorophyll a and the N:P ratio. These results show the impact of anthropogenic pollution on AcPA in freshwater ecosystems with a tropical climate.
Asymmetric Emergence of Low-to-No Snow in the American Cordillera
Authors: Rhoades Alan , Hatchett Benjamin , Risser Mark , Collins William , Bambach Nicolas , Huning Laurie , McCrary Rachel , Siirila-Woodburn Erica , Ullrich Paul , Wehner Michael , Zarzycki Colin , Jones Andrew
Published: December 2021

Societies and ecosystems within and downstream of mountains rely on seasonal snowmelt to satisfy their water demands. Anthropogenic climate change has reduced mountain snowpacks worldwide, altering snowmelt magnitude and timing. Here, the global warming level leading to widespread and persistent mountain snowpack decline, termed low-to-no snow, is estimated for the world's most latitudinally contiguous mountain range, the American Cordillera. We show a combination of dynamical, thermodynamical, and hypsometric factors results in an asymmetric emergence of low-to-no snow conditions within the midlatitudes of the American Cordillera. Low-to-no snow emergence occurs approximately 20 years earlier in the Southern Hemisphere, at a third of the local warming level, and coincides with runoff efficiency declines in both dry and wet years. Prevention of a low-to-no snow future in either hemisphere requires the level of global warming to be held to, at most, +2.5 °C.