bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
D‐methionine improves cisplatin‐induced anorexia and dyspepsia syndrome by attenuating intestinal tryptophan hydroxylase 1 activity and increasing plasma leptin concentration
Authors: Wong Yi‐Sin , Lin Meei‐Yn , Liu Pei‐Fen , Ko Jiunn‐Liang , Huang Guan‐Ting , Tu Dom‐Gene , Ou Chu‐Chyn
Published: January 2020

Background

Cisplatin is a widely used antineoplastic drug. However, cisplatin‐induced dyspepsia syndromes, including delayed gastric emptying, gastric distension, early satiety, nausea, and vomiting, often force patients to take doses lower than those prescribed or even refuse treatment. D‐methionine has an appetite‐enhancing effect and alleviates weight loss during cisplatin treatment.

Methods

This work established a model of anorexia and dyspepsia symptoms with intraperitoneal injection of cisplatin (5 mg/kg) once a week for three cycles. Presupplementation with or without D‐methionine (300 mg/kg) was performed. Orexigenic and anorexigenic hormones (ghrelin, leptin, and glucagon‐like peptide‐1), tryptophan hydroxylase 1 (TPH1), 5‐hydroxytryptamine receptors (5‐HT2C and 5‐HT3), and hypothalamic feeding‐related peptides were measured by immunohistochemistry staining, enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, and real‐time PCR assay.

Key results

Cisplatin administration caused marked decrease in appetite and body weight, promoted adipose and fat tissue atrophy, and delayed gastric emptying and gastric distension, and D‐methionine preadministration prior to cisplatin administration significantly ameliorated these side effects. Besides, cisplatin induced an evident increase in serum ghrelin level, TPH1 activity, and 5‐HT3 receptor expression in the intestine and decreased plasma leptin levels and gastric ghrelin mRNA gene expression levels. D‐methionine supplementation recovered these changes. The expression of orexigenic neuropeptide Y/agouti‐related peptide and anorexigenic cocaine‐ and amphetamine‐regulated transcript proopiomelanocortin neurons were altered by D‐methionine supplementation in cisplatin‐induced anorexia rats.

Conclusions and inferences

D‐methionine supplementation prevents cisplatin‐induced anorexia and dyspepsia syndrome possibly by attenuating intestinal tryptophan hydroxylase 1 activity and increasing plasma leptin concentration. Therefore, D‐methionine can be used as an adjuvant therapy for treating cisplatin‐induced adverse effects.
Increased stomatal conductance induces rapid changes to photosynthetic rate in response to naturally fluctuating light conditions in rice
Authors: Yamori Wataru , Kusumi Kensuke , Iba Koh , Terashima Ichiro
Published: January 2020

A close correlation between stomatal conductance and the steady‐state photosynthetic rate has been observed for diverse plant species under various environmental conditions. However, it remains unclear whether stomatal conductance is a major limiting factor for the photosynthetic rate under naturally fluctuating light conditions. We analysed a SLAC1 knockout rice line to examine the role of stomatal conductance in photosynthetic responses to fluctuating light. SLAC1 encodes a stomatal anion channel that regulates stomatal closure. Long exposures to weak light before treatments with strong light increased the photosynthetic induction time required for plants to reach a steady‐state photosynthetic rate and also induced stomatal limitation of photosynthesis by restricting the diffusion of CO2 into leaves. The slac1 mutant exhibited a significantly higher rate of stomatal opening after an increase in irradiance than wild‐type plants, leading to a higher rate of photosynthetic induction. Under natural conditions, in which irradiance levels are highly variable, the stomata of the slac1 mutant remained open to ensure efficient photosynthetic reaction. These observations reveal that stomatal conductance is important for regulating photosynthesis in rice plants in the natural environment with fluctuating light.
Glutathione‐dependent denitrosation of GSNOR1 promotes oxidative signalling downstream of H2O2
Authors: Zhang Tianru , Ma Mingyue , Chen Tao , Zhang Linlin , Fan Lingling , Zhang Wei , Wei Bo , Li Shengchun , Xuan Wei , Noctor Graham , Han Yi
Published: January 2020

Photorespiratory hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) plays key roles in pathogenesis responses by triggering the salicylic acid (SA) pathway in Arabidopsis. However, factors linking intracellular H2O2to activation of the SA pathway remain elusive. In this work, the catalase‐deficient Arabidopsis mutant,cat2, was exploited to elucidate the impact ofS‐nitrosoglutathione reductase 1 (GSNOR1) on H2O2‐dependent signalling pathways. Introducing thegsnor1‐3mutation into thecat2background increasedS‐nitrosothiol levels and abolishedcat2‐triggered cell death, SA accumulation, and associated gene expression but had little additional effect on the major components of the ascorbate‐glutathione system or glycolate oxidase activities. Differential transcriptome profiles betweengsnor1‐3andcat2 gsnor1‐3together with damped ROS‐triggered gene expression incat2 gsnor1‐3further indicated that GSNOR1 acts to mediate the SA pathway downstream of H2O2. Up‐regulation of GSNOR activity was compromised incat2 cad2andcat2 pad2mutants in which glutathione accumulation was genetically prevented. Experiments with purified recombinant GSNOR revealed that the enzyme is posttranslationally regulated by direct denitrosation in a glutathione‐dependent manner. Together, our findings identify GSNOR1‐controlled nitrosation as a key factor in activation of the SA pathway by H2O2and reveal that glutathione is required to maintain this biological function.
Silicon induces phytochelatin and ROS scavengers facilitating cadmium detoxification in rice
Authors: Bari M. A. , Prity S. A. , Das U. , Akther M. S. , Sajib S. A. , Reza M. A. , Kabir A. H.
Published: January 2020

Cadmium (Cd) is detrimental to crops and the environment. This work examines the natural mechanisms underlying silicon‐ (Si‐)directed Cd detoxification in rice plants.

The addition of Si to plants under Cd stress caused significant improvements in morphological parameters, chlorophyll score, Fv/Fm and total soluble protein concentration compared to controls, confirming that Si is able to ameliorate Cd‐induced damage in rice plants. This morpho‐physiological evidence was correlated with decreased cell death and electrolyte leakage after Si application.

The results showed no critical changes in root Cd concentration, while shoot Cd decreased significantly after Si supplementation in comparison with Cd‐stressed rice. Additionally, expression of Cd transporters (OsNRAMP5 and OsHMA2) was significantly down‐regulated while the concentration of phytochelatin, cysteine and glutathione, together with expression of OsPCS1 (phytochelatin synthase) in roots of Cd‐stressed rice was significantly induced when subjected to Si treatment. This confirms that the alleviation of Cd stress is not only limited to the down‐regulation of Cd transporters but also closely related to the phytochelatin‐driven vacuolar storage of Cd in rice roots.

The enzymatic analysis further revealed the role of SOD and GR enzymes in protecting rice plants from Cd‐induced oxidative harm. These findings suggest a mechanistic basis in rice plants for Si‐mediated mitigation of Cd stress.
Salivary luteinizing hormone: An open window to detect oestrous period in buffalo
Authors: Srinivasan Mahalingam , Muthukumar Subramanian , Saibaba Ganesan , Manikkaraja Chidambaram , Abdulkader Akbarsha Mohammad , Archunan Govindaraju
Published: January 2020

Silent oestrus is an unsurmountable problem in the management of buffalo reproduction. In addressing this issue, we have earlier reported variation in the levels of urinary luteinizing hormone (LH) through the different phases of oestrous cycle with an extended window during the mid‐oestrous phase. Based on this report, the present study is designed to assess the salivary LH levels in buffalo during the different phases of oestrous cycle. Bovine LH ELISA kit was used to determine the level of salivary LH. We observed a notable variation in salivary LH levels during the different phases of oestrous cycle. The maximum LH level, 39.07 mIU/ml, observed during oestrus, which was significantly (p < .05) higher than other consecutive phases. Altogether, the results showed a significant (p < .05) fold variation during oestrus compared with other phases. Therefore, the study convincingly shows that salivary LH has the potential of application in development of a modality for non‐invasive oestrous detection in buffalo.
Realism and Lexical Flexibility
Authors: Vogel Christopher A.
Published: January 2020

Metaphysical investigation often proceeds by way of linguistic meaning. This tradition relies on an assumption about meanings, namely that they can be given in terms of referential relations and truth. Chomsky and others have illustrated the difficulty with this externalist hypothesis regarding natural language meanings, which implies that natural languages are ill‐suited for the purposes of metaphysical investigation. In reply to this discordance between the features of natural languages and the goals of metaphysical investigation, metaphysicians propose that we look to the invented languages used to express our best scientific theories as metaphysical guides, in the hope that these languages are better behaved. I argue that this retreat is beset with similar troubles for the metaphysician. In particular, I argue that central terms in the field of biology, namely ‘gene’ and ‘species’, exhibit a kind oflexical flexibilitythat renders them, much like their natural language counterparts, ill‐suited for the metaphysician's aims.
Osteólisis multicéntrica idiopática de tipo III: presentación de un caso clínico y caracterización del síndrome
Authors: Suárez-Obando Fernando , García-Robles Reggie
Published: January 2020

Presentamos el primer reporte de caso en Colombia de un paciente con osteólisis multicéntrica idiopática con compromiso de carpo y tarso y nefropatía. Se exponen, de manera clara y bien documentada, el cuadro clínico y paraclínico actual y la evolución del paciente, junto a una breve y completa revisión de esta enfermedad, rara, progresiva, degenerativa e incapacitante.
Tratamiento actual de la diverticulitis aguda
Authors: Jiménez Carlos Alberto , Garzón Andrés
Published: January 2020

Cuando la diverticulitis aguda es diagnosticada tardíamente y los síntomas clínicos son evidentes aumenta el riesgo de complicaciones y la mortalidad. El objetivo principal de esta revisión es recordar la importancia de la valoración inicial y recordar la importancia de considerar esta patología en el diagnóstico diferencial hecho en el servicio de urgencias. La diverticulitis es una alteración que se puede presentar en la población menor de 50 años de una manera agresiva, afectando el colon izquierdo, principalmente. Es una enfermedad subdiagnosticada y, cuando se hace el diagnóstico en forma tardía, aumentan la estancia hospitalaria y las secuelas. Se ha clasificado en diverticulitis aguda complicada y no complicada. El manejo médico incluye la administración de antibióticos —por vía oral o intravenosa—, según la condición del paciente, y el drenaje percutáneo previo diagnóstico tomográfico. La cirugía se practica cuando el paciente presenta perforación, pero la primera elección es el manejo médico y, después, practicar la cirugía electiva.
Avances en el tratamiento del glioblastoma multiforme
Authors: Jaramillo Sonia , Osorio Walter , Espitia Juan Carlos
Published: January 2020

El glioblastoma multiforme es el tumor primario del sistema nervioso central más frecuente en hombres. Su incidencia en Europa oscila entre 3 y 4 casos por 100.000 habitantes, y representa el 25% de todos los tumores de sistema nervioso central y el 50% de los tumores primarios. Menos del 3% de todos los pacientes con diagnóstico de glioblastoma sobreviven más de cuatro años y la supervivencia promedio es de seis meses. En la actualidad, se están adelantando estudios que tienen como objetivo lograr una mayor supervivencia y aumentar los periodos asintomáticos. Esta revisión tiene como objetivo principal hacer un breve recuento de los avances en el tratamiento del glioblastoma multiforme, haciendo énfasis en la terapia génica. En la literatura revisada se encontró que, en la actualidad, sólo hay dos tipos de mutaciones capaces de definir el pronóstico de la enfermedad; la presencia de la metilguanina-ADN metiltransferasa (MGMT) y la deleción 1p/19q, en las cuales se hará hincapié en el transcurso del documento.
Características imaginológicas del linfoma primario de recto: reporte de un caso y revisión de la literatura
Authors: Aponte Lida Milena
Published: January 2020

El linfoma primario de recto es un tumor intestinal, poco frecuente, que está constituido, principalmente, por el tipo no Hodgkin extraganglionar y corresponde de 0,2% a 0,6% de todos los tumores de colon y recto. Se presenta el caso de una mujer de 79 años que consultó por una masa en recto de varios meses de evolución y rectorragia crónica. Se le tomó una biopsia, cuyo reporte histopatológico fue indicativo de linfoma no Hodgkin. El linfoma no Hodgkin de recto es un tumor raro, con pobre pronóstico, cuyo pilar de tratamiento es la cirugía. A continuación, se presenta el caso y una breve revisión de las características clínicas e imaginológicas de esta neoplasia poco frecuente.
El papel del receptor de glucocorticoide en el estrés temprano
Authors: Rodríguez Fernández Jorge Mario , García Acero Mary
Published: January 2020

En estudios previos se han relacionado las alteraciones funcionales del eje hipotálamohipofisario-adrenal y el estrés temprano; por ejemplo, el aumento en la producción de corticotropina (ACTH) y glucocorticoide como factor clave en la fisiopatología de trastornos del estrés como la depresión.En este artículo se presentan los resultados de estudios en epigenética en busca del posible nexo entre el estrés temprano, la disminución en la expresión del receptor de glucocorticoide y la hiperactividad del eje hipotálamo-hipofisario-adrenal. De esta manera, se identifica al estrés temprano como modulador del neurodesarrollo de las estructuras cerebrales implicadas en la respuesta frente al estrés, así como el papel del receptor de glucocorticoide en dicho proceso.
Síndrome antifosfolípido y necrosis suprarrenal, reporte de dos casos y revisión de la literatura científica
Authors: Fernández Bonilla J. Nicolás , Jaramillo García Luis Fernando , Escalante Paola
Published: January 2020

El síndrome antifosfolípido es una entidad que puede ocurrir de forma aislada o asociada a otras enfermedades. Una forma infrecuente es la manifestación con compromiso de las glándulas suprarrenales. Existen pocos casos en la literatura científica que describan este fenómeno. En el presente artículo, se presentan dos casos con comportamientos poco usuales.
Tuberculosis, un riesgo presente para los trabajadores en el área de la salud
Authors: Hidalgo Martínez Patricia , Moreno Carrillo Atilio , Roldán Ovalle Tatiana
Published: January 2020

La tuberculosis es una enfermedad de gran impacto en nuestro país y en el mundo. Aunque las estrategias de la Organización Mundial de la Salud para controlarla pueden curar casi todos los casos, la resistencia a los medicamentos y el riesgo de transmisión, especialmente en los trabajadores del área de salud, cada día cobran un mayor valor. La tuberculosis representa un riesgo ocupacional significativo, con mayor incidencia en los trabajadores del área de salud sobre la población general, principalmente en los países en desarrollo. El personal de la salud es fundamental en la lucha contra la tuberculosis y, por lo tanto, debe estar protegido. Los factores de riesgo de contagio incluyen la frecuencia de pacientes con tuberculosis atendidos, la función y el lugar de trabajo del trabajador del área de salud, la demora en el diagnóstico, la presencia de pacientes con cepas multirresistentes, los inadecuados sistemas de ventilación, la falta de protección adecuada contra aerosoles y el personal con compromiso de su estado inmunológico o desnutrición.Los aspectos clave para el control y la prevención de la transmisión en hospitales, son la identificación precoz de los casos, las medidas de protección ambiental y los programas efectivos para el control del personal sanitario. Las guías sobre prevención en tuberculosis recomiendan aislamiento en salas ventiladas con presión negativa y el uso de protección respiratoria para todos los trabajadores de la salud en contacto.
Molar aspirado al árbol traqueobronquial
Authors: Ospina García Juan Camilo , Barreto Pinzón Tatiana
Published: January 2020

Se reporta el caso de una niña de 11 años con neumonías a repetición focalizadas en el mismo segmento pulmonar. Refería antecedente de exodoncia con aspiración del molar dos años antes, que coincidía con el inicio de las infecciones pulmonares. En el último episodio se sospecha y comprueba la presencia de un molar en lóbulo medio, que se extrae por bronscoscopia rígida, sin complicaciones.
Síndrome de fragilidad en adultos mayores no institucionalizados de Emiliano Zapata, Tabasco, México
Authors: Quevedo-Tejero Elsy Del Carmen , Zavala-González Marco Antonio , Alonso-Benites Janyf Rosalía
Published: January 2020

Objetivo. Determinar la prevalencia del síndrome de fragilidad y los factores asociados a este, en adultos mayores no institucionalizados de Emiliano Zapata, Tabasco, México, en el año 2008.Material y métodos. Estudio de diseño transversal, con universo de 2.375 adultos mayores. La muestra fue probabilística (p=0,9, q=0,1, Z=1,96, d=0,05), de 94 adultos mayores. El muestreo fue aleatorio simple. Los criterios de inclusión fueron cualquier sexo y sin enfermedades cognitivas de diagnóstico conocido. Se consideraron las variables sociodemográficas, enfermedades, estado nutricional, funcionalidad para actividades básicas de la vida diaria y síndrome de fragilidad. Como instrumentos se usaron cuestionario de nutrición (Nutritional Screening Initiative), escala de Katz y escala de Barber. Para el análisis se usaron estadística descriptiva, prueba exacta de Fisher con 95% de confianza (p≤0,05) y el software Epi Info® versión 3,3,2. Resultados. Se incluyeron 94 adultos mayores, 63% femeninos y 37% masculinos. La edad media fue 69,4±7,1 años. La morbilidad estuvo presente en 85%. Hubo riesgo nutricional elevado en 86,2%. La dependencia básica para la vida diaria fue de 9,6%. La prevalencia del síndrome de fragilidad fue 98%. Como factor asociado se encontró el riesgo nutricional (p=0,02).Conclusiones. La prevalencia del síndrome de fragilidad observada en esta serie fue mayor a la reportada por otros autores. El estado nutricional se encuentra asociado a este síndrome geriátrico.
Abordaje clínico del paciente violento en atención primaria
Authors: Escobar-Córdoba Franklin , Suárez-Beltrán María Fernanda
Published: January 2020

El paciente violento es aquél que con su comportamiento puede hacer daño a otros, a sí mismo o al entorno físico. Con la presente revisión se pretende hacer una aproximación clínica a este tipo de paciente, que otorgue herramientas útiles al equipo de salud de atención primaria a la hora de enfrentarse a esta difícil situación, recordando cuáles serían las mejores acciones por parte del personal de salud para disminuir el riesgo de lesiones y de demandas médico-legales.
Nadroparina cálcica: una revisión de su farmacología básica y clínica
Authors: Ospina-González Diego Alexander , Martínez Jairo Andrés , Cifuentes Luis Fernando
Published: January 2020

Objetivo. Evaluar críticamente la información sobre la farmacología básica y clínica de la nadroparina cálcica. Fuente de datos. Se hizo una búsqueda en la literatura científica de octubre de 1985 a septiembre de 2010, en las bases de datos electrónicas: Pubmed, Cochrane, MDConsult, Scielo y Medscape, y en el Instituto Nacional de Vigilancia de Medicamentos y Alimentos (INVIMA).Selección de estudios. Se incluyeron los estudios publicados en inglés, español o francés, realizados en humanos y animales de experimentación, en los que se revisara la farmacología básica y clínica de la nadroparina cálcica. Extracción y síntesis de datos. Se revisaron 792 resúmenes y se seleccionaron 60 artículos que cumplieron los criterios de inclusión, de acuerdo con un método se resolvieron todas las discrepancias por discusión y consenso.Conclusión. En algunos estudios la nadroparina cálcica ha mostrado una eficacia igual o superior a la de la heparina no fraccionada y la de un placebo. Sin embargo, la información evaluada no es lo suficientemente sólida para considerar superior la nadroparina frente a las otras heparinas de bajo peso molecular. La literatura científica muestra que, en general, el tratamiento con estas últimas es más seguro y costo-efectivo que con heparina no fraccionada. No existen pruebas suficientes, fuertes y concluyentes para calificar la nadroparina cálcica como superior a otras heparinas de bajo peso molecular en el tratamiento antitrombótico. Las de bajo peso molecular han demostrado una reducción significativa en la angiogénesis tumoral y un aumento en la supervivencia de pacientes con enfermedades oncológicas. Sin embargo, se requieren más investigaciones para caracterizar y comprender mejor este nuevo hallazgo.
Best sensitivity of temporal modulation transfer functions in laboratory mice matches the amplitude modulation embedded in vocalizations
Authors: Cai Huaizhen , Dent Micheal L.
Published: January 2020

The perception of spectrotemporal changes is crucial for distinguishing between acoustic signals, including vocalizations. Temporal modulation transfer functions (TMTFs) have been measured in many species and reveal that the discrimination of amplitude modulation suffers at rapid modulation frequencies. TMTFs were measured in six CBA/CaJ mice in an operant conditioning procedure, where mice were trained to discriminate an 800 ms amplitude modulated white noise target from a continuous noise background. TMTFs of mice show a bandpass characteristic, with an upper limit cutoff frequency of around 567 Hz. Within the measured modulation frequencies ranging from 5 Hz to 1280 Hz, the mice show a best sensitivity for amplitude modulation at around 160 Hz. To look for a possible parallel evolution between sound perception and production in living organisms, we also analyzed the components of amplitude modulations embedded in natural ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) emitted by this strain. We found that the cutoff frequency of amplitude modulation in most of the individual USVs is around their most sensitive range obtained from the psychoacoustic experiments. Further analyses of the duration and modulation frequency ranges of USVs indicated that the broader the frequency ranges of amplitude modulation in natural USVs, the shorter the durations of the USVs.
Prediction of the aerodynamic sound generated due to flow over a cylinder performing combined steady rotation and rotary oscillations
Authors: Ganta Naveen , Mahato Bikash , Bhumkar Yogesh G.
Published: January 2020

Analysis of sound generated due to a laminar flow past a circular cylinder subjected to the mean rotation along with the rotary oscillating motion has been performed for the Reynolds number Re = 150 and the Mach number M = 0.2. The direct numerical simulation approach has been used to study modifications in the generated sound field over a range of forcing parameters using disturbance pressure field information. Flow and sound fields are accurately resolved over a nondimensional radial distance r≤100 from the center of the cylinder. Frequencies, as well as wavelengths of generated sound waves, have been effectively altered by varying the forcing frequency-ratio, whereas the directivity nature of the radiated sound field has been modified by varying the forcing amplitude-ratio. Doak's decomposition technique has been used to understand the reasons behind changes in the radiated sound fields as the forcing parameters are varied.
Erratum: Effect of evaporation and condensation on a thermoacoustic engine: A Lagrangian simulation approach [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 141 (6), 4398-4407 (2017)]
Authors: Yasui Kyuichi , Izu Noriya
Published: January 2020

In the original paper [Yasui and Izu, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 141(6), 4398–4407 (2017)], the temperature gradient in Rott equations was assumed as zero by mistake as an author error, although temperature gradient was adequately taken into account in the numerical simulations of thermal conduction between a fluid parcel and the wall of a stack. In the present erratum, the results of the corrected numerical simulations are shown. The results show that the pV work done by a fluid parcel is larger in a wet stack compared to that in a dry stack not only in a traveling-wave thermoacoustic engine but also in a standing-wave thermoacoustic engine. The pV work is determined not only by the volume oscillation amplitude of a fluid parcel but also by the change in the mean volume of a fluid parcel.
Modeling Longitudinal Outcomes: A Contrast of Two Methods
Authors: Lohse Keith R. , Shen Jincheng , Kozlowski Allan J.
Published: January 2020

Background:Repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) is frequently used to model longitudinal data but does not appropriately account for within-person correlations over time, does not explicitly model time, and cannot flexibly handle missing data. In contrast, mixed-effects regression addresses these limitations. In this commentary, we compare these two methods using openly available tools.Methods:We emulated a real developmental study of elite skiers, tracking national rankings from 2011 to 2018. We constructed unconditional models of time (establishing the “pattern” of change) and conditional models of time (identifying factors that affect change over time), and contrasted these models against comparable repeated measures ANOVAs.Results:Mixed-effects regression allowed for linear and non-linear modeling of the skiers’ longitudinal trajectories despite missing data. Missing data is still a concern in mixed-effects regression models, but in the present dataset missingness could be accounted for by skiers’ ages, satisfying the missing at random assumption.Discussion:Although ANOVA and mixed-effects regression are both suitable for time-series data, their applications differ. ANOVA will be most parsimonious when the research question focuses on group-level mean differences at arbitrary time points. However, mixed-effects regression is more suitable where time is inherently important to the outcome, and where individual differences are of interest.
Regulators of Skill Development in School Physical Education
Authors: Hastie Peter
Published: January 2020

This paper identifies several factors that lie within and external to the teaching act that have an impact on the quality of instruction that students can potentially receive, which in turn has implications for the extent to which students can engage in appropriate practice. These factors all exist on a continuum from limiting to enhancing, and we could hypothesize that they regulate the possibilities for practice that are afforded to students and that this practice time is considered in the development of competent movers in physical education. These factors are contextual, such as time, class size, and teaching resources; curricular, relating to the content and pedagogy of physical education; and instructional, such as teacher effectiveness and content knowledge.
Two-Component Signal Transduction Systems in the Human Pathogen Streptococcus agalactiae
Authors: Thomas Lamar , Cook Laura
Published: January 2020

Streptococcus agalactiae
(group B
Streptococcus
[GBS]) is an important cause of invasive infection in newborns, maternal women, and older individuals with underlying chronic illnesses. GBS has many mechanisms to adapt and survive in its host, and these mechanisms are often controlled via two-component signal transduction systems. In GBS, more than 20 distinct two-component systems (TCSs) have been classified to date, consisting of canonical TCSs as well as orphan and atypical sensors and regulators.
Clinical Performance of the Novel GenMark Dx ePlex Blood Culture ID Gram-Positive Panel
Authors: Carroll Karen C. , Reid Jennifer L. , Thornberg Adam , Whitfield Natalie N. , Trainor Deirdre , Lewis Shawna , Wakefield Teresa , Davis Thomas E. , Church Keisha G. , Samuel Linoj , Mills Ray , Jim Patricia , Young Stephen , Nolte Frederick S.
Published: January 2020

Rapid identification from positive blood cultures is standard of care (SOC) in many clinical microbiology laboratories. The GenMark Dx ePlex Blood Culture Identification Gram-Positive (BCID-GP) Panel is a multiplex nucleic acid amplification assay based on competitive DNA hybridization and electrochemical detection using eSensor technology. This multicenter study compared the investigational-use-only (IUO) BCID-GP Panel to other methods of identification of 20 Gram-positive bacteria, four antimicrobial resistance genes, and both Pan
Candida
and Pan Gram-Negative targets that are unique to the BCID-GP Panel.
Forty-five per cent lower acute injury incidence but no effect on overuse injury prevalence in youth floorball players (aged 12–17 years) who used an injury prevention exercise programme: two-armed parallel-group cluster randomised controlled trial
Authors: Åkerlund Ida , Waldén Markus , Sonesson Sofi , Hägglund Martin
Published: January 2020

Objective

To study whether an injury prevention exercise programme would reduce the number of injuries in youth floorball players.

Methods 

81 youth community level floorball teams (48 clusters=clubs) with female and male players (12–17 years) were cluster-randomised into an intervention or control group. Intervention group coaches were instructed to use the SwedishKnee Controlprogramme and a standard running warm-up before every training session, and the running warm-up before every match, during the season. Control teams continued usual training. Teams were followed during the 2017/2018 competitive season (26 weeks). Player exposure to floorball and occurrence of acute and overuse injuries were reported weekly via a web-based player survey using the Oslo Sports Trauma Research Centre Questionnaire.

Results 

17 clusters (301 players) in the intervention group and 12 clusters (170 players) in the control group were included for analyses. There were 349 unique injuries in 222 players. The intervention group had a 35% lower incidence of injuries overall than the control group (adjusted incidence rate ratio (IRR) 0.65, 95% CI 0.52 to 0.81). The absolute risk reduction was 6.6% (95% CI 3.2 to 10.0), and the number needed to treat was 152 hours of floorball exposure (95% CI 100 to 316). Intervention group teams had a 45% lower incidence of acute injuries (adjusted IRR 0.55, 95% CI 0.37 to 0.83). There was no difference in the prevalence of overuse injuries (adjusted prevalence rate ratio 0.96, 95% CI 0.73 to 1.26).

Conclusion 

TheKnee Controlinjury prevention programme reduced acute injuries in youth floorball players; there was no effect on overuse injuries.

Trial registration number

Clinical TrialsNCT03309904.
Gender disparity in speakers at a major academic emergency medicine conference
Authors: Partiali Benjamin , Oska Sandra , Touriel Ross Benjamin , Delise Anthony , Barbat Antonio , Folbe Adam
Published: January 2020

Background

Although women make up a substantial portion of the workforce in emergency medicine, they remain under-represented in academia.

Methods

This study investigates trends in the representation of female speakers at the American College of Emergency Physicians scientific assembly—the largest academic emergency medicine conference in the world. Publication profiles, speaking duration and gender composition of speakers were collected and compared over a 3-year period.

Results

The authors described increased representation of female speakers at the conference from 2016 to 2018, as well as an upward trend in women’s actual speaking time.

Conclusion

This upward trend in women’s representation may translate to more opportunities for female engagement in academic emergency medicine. Despite the increasing representation of women, male speakers outnumbered female speakers all 3 years, demonstrating that a speaker gender gap persists in academic emergency medicine.
Effectiveness of collagen supplementation on pain scores in healthy individuals with self-reported knee pain: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Bongers Coen C.W.G. , Ten Haaf Dominique S.M. , Catoire Milène , Kersten Bregina , Wouters Jeroen A. , Eijsvogels Thijs M.H. , Hopman Maria T.E.
Published: January 2020

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of 12 weeks collagen peptide (CP) supplementation on knee pain and function in individuals with self-reported knee pain. Healthy physically active individuals (n = 167; aged 63 [interquartile range = 56–68] years) with self-reported knee pain received 10 g/day of CP or placebo for 12 weeks. Knee pain and function were measured with the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), the Lysholm questionnaire, and the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS). Furthermore, we assessed changes in inflammatory, cartilage, and bone (bio)markers. Measurements were conducted at baseline and after 12 weeks of supplementation. Baseline VAS did not differ between CP and placebo (4.7 [2.5–6.1] vs. 4.7 [2.8–6.2], p = 0.50), whereas a similar decrease in VAS was observed after supplementation (−1.6 ± 2.4 vs. −1.9 ± 2.6, p = 0.42). The KOOS and Lysholm scores increased after supplementation in both groups (p values < 0.001), whereas the increase in the KOOS and Lysholm scores did not differ between groups (p = 0.28 and p = 0.76, respectively). Furthermore, CP did not impact inflammatory, cartilage, and bone (bio)markers (p values > 0.05). A reduced knee pain and improved knee function were observed following supplementation, but changes were similar between groups. This suggests that CP supplementation over a 12-week period does not reduce knee pain in healthy, active, middle-aged to elderly individuals.

Novelty CP supplementation over a 12-week period does not reduce knee pain in healthy, active, middle-aged to elderly individuals. CP supplementation over a 12-week period does not impact on inflammatory, cartilage, and bone (bio)markers in healthy, active, middle-aged to elderly individuals.
Fluid flow analysis of cilia beating in a curved channel in the presence of magnetic field and heat transfer
Authors: Sadaf Hina , Nadeem S.
Published: January 2020

This paper investigates fluid motion generated by cilia and a pressure gradient in a curved channel. The flow analysis is carried out in the presence of heat transfer and radial magnetic field. The leading equations are simplified under the familiar suppositions of large wavelength and small Reynolds number approximations. An exact solution has been developed for the velocity profile. The flow characteristics of the viscous fluid are computed in the presence of cilia and metachronal wave velocity. The effects of several stimulating parameters on the flow and heat transfer are studied in detail through graphs. It is found that symmetry of the velocity profile is broken owing to bending of the channel. The radially varying magnetic field decreases the velocity field, but near the left ciliated wall it induces the opposite behavior. It is also found that velocity profile increases due to increase in buoyancy forces throughout the domain. Numerical consequences for velocity profile are also accessible in the table for diverse values of the physical parameters.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Spectrum of cosmological correlation from vacuum fluctuation of stringy axion in entangled de Sitter space
Authors: Choudhury Sayantan , Panda Sudhakar
Published: January 2020

In this work, we study the impact of quantum entanglement on the two-point correlation function and the associated primordial power spectrum of mean square vacuum fluctuation in a bipartite quantum field theoretic system. The field theory that we consider is the effective theorry of axion field arising from Type IIB string theory compactified to four dimensions. We compute the expression for the power spectrum of vacuum fluctuation in three different approaches, namely (1) field operator expansion (FOE) technique with the quantum entangled state, (2) reduced density matrix (RDM) formalism with mixed quantum state and (3) the method of non-entangled state (NES). For massless axion field, in all these three formalism, we reproduce, at the leading order, the exact scale invariant power spectrum which is well known in the literature. We observe that due to quantum entanglement, the sub-leading terms for these thee formalisms are different. Thus, such correction terms break the degeneracy among the analysis of the FOE, RDM and NES formalisms in the super-horizon limit. On the other hand, for massive axion field we get a slight deviation from scale invariance and exactly quantify the spectral tilt of the power spectrum in small scales. Apart from that, for massless and massive axion field, we find distinguishable features of the power spectrum for the FOE, RDM, and NES on the large scales, which is the result of quantum entanglement. We also find that such large-scale effects are comparable to or greater than the curvature radius of the de Sitter space. Most importantly, in near future if experiments probe for early universe phenomena, one can detect such small quantum effects. In such a scenario, it is possible to test the implications of quantum entanglement in primordial cosmology.
Machine and deep learning applications in particle physics
Authors: Bourilkov Dimitri
Published: January 2020

The many ways in which machine and deep learning are transforming the analysis and simulation of data in particle physics are reviewed. The main methods based on boosted decision trees and various types of neural networks are introduced, and cutting-edge applications in the experimental and theoretical/phenomenological domains are highlighted. After describing the challenges in the application of these novel analysis techniques, the review concludes by discussing the interactions between physics and machine learning as a two-way street enriching both disciplines and helping to meet the present and future challenges of data-intensive science at the energy and intensity frontiers.
Longitudinal beam dynamics studies at the PIP-II injector test facility
Authors: Carneiro J.-P. , Hanna B. , Prost L. , Saini A. , Shemyakin A. , Sun D.
Published: January 2020

The Proton Improvement Plan, Stage Two (PIP-II), is a program of upgrades proposed for the Fermilab injection complex, the central part of which is an 800 MeV, 2 mA CW-compatible SRF linac. A prototype of the PIP-II linac front-end called the PIP-II Injector Test (PIP2IT) is being built at Fermilab. As of now, a 15 mA DC, 30 keV H[Formula: see text] ion source, a 2 m long Low Energy Beam Transport (LEBT), a 2.1 MeV CW Radio-Frequency Quadrupole (RFQ), followed by a 10 m Medium Energy Beam Transport (MEBT) have been installed and tested. A Fast Faraday Cup (FFC) installed in the MEBT measures the length of a beamlet cut out of the bunch by a small-size entrance hole of the FFC. The information about the bunch length measured at various settings allows for the reconstruction of the longitudinal beam dynamics and optimization of injection into the first cryomodule.
Comparison of QCD curves with elastic pp scattering data
Authors: Fried H. M. , Tsang P. H. , Gabellini Y. , Grandou T. , Sheu Y. M.
Published: January 2020

Using previously described functional techniques for some nonperturbative, gauge invariant, renormalized QCD processes, a simplified version of the amplitudes — in which forms akin to Pomerons naturally appear — can reproduce interesting qualitative features of ISR and LHC–TOTEM [Formula: see text] elastic scattering data. Those amplitudes rely on a specific function [Formula: see text] which describes the fluctuations of the transverse position of quarks inside hadrons.
FRUGAL INVENTION CANDIDATES AS ANTECEDENTS OF FRUGAL PATENTS — THE ROLE OF FRUGAL ATTRIBUTES ANALYSED IN THE MEDICAL ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY
Authors: ALTGILBERS NORA , WALTER LOTHAR , MOEHRLE MARTIN G.
Published: January 2020

Frugal innovations enable companies to access new markets because of some specific characteristics. Typically, they focus on existing solutions as a blueprint, changing parts of their functionality while reducing the costs. Many companies are faced with the question how to find ideas for such frugal innovations. For this purpose, we introduce a method for the identification of frugal invention candidates and their qualification as frugal patents. We provide a general outline of a process and apply it to the medical engineering technology. By use of semantic analysis, we shed light on the moderating role of frugal attributes to qualify a frugal invention candidate as a frugal patent. The application produces a comprehensive set of frugal patents. Our approach deepens the understanding of frugality by providing an appropriate assessment based on a newly developed frugal thesaurus. Managers will have the option to adapt our method to their particular fields of experience.
Review—Recent Advances in Electrochemical Detection of Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) in Clinically-Relevant Samples
Authors: Traynor Sarah M. , Pandey Richa , Maclachlan Roderick , Hosseini Amin , Didar Tohid F. , Li Feng , Soleymani Leyla
Published: January 2020

Electrochemical biosensors hold great promise for enabling clinical analysis of biomarkers at the point-of-care. This is particularly of interest for cancer management due to the importance of early diagnostics as well as the critical need for frequent treatment monitoring. We have reviewed clinically-relevant electrochemical biosensors that have been developed over the past five years for the analysis of prostate specific antigen (PSA), a model protein target for prostate cancer management. We have critically evaluated the key performance metrics of these biosensors for clinical translation: limit-of-detection, linear range, and recovery rate in bodily fluids. These PSA electrochemical biosensors can be broadly categorized as sandwich assays, direct detection assays, and indirect detection assays. Among these, indirect detection assays deliver the lowest limit-of-detection. We have identified the development of multiplexed assays for detecting a panel of cancer biomarkers that includes a combination of protein and nucleic acids targets as a key priority for future development.
SVET and ToF-SIMS Studies on the Galvanic Corrosion of β-phase/Aluminum Couple in Aqueous Solutions as a Function of pH
Authors: Ikeuba Alexander I. , Zhang Bo , Ita Benedict I.
Published: January 2020

The galvanic corrosion of theβ-phase (Al3Mg2)/Al couple has been studied using electrochemical methods, scanning vibrating electrode technique (SVET) and Time of flight-secondary ion spectroscopy (ToF-SIMS). Polarization tests reveal that Al3Mg2is anodic relative to pure Al at pH ≤ 10. Visualization of the current density distribution over the Al3Mg2/Al galvanic couple by SVET reveals that at pH 2, an intense and stochastic anodic current density is evolved from Al3Mg2while a heavy cathodic current flux is sustained on the surrounding Al matrix. At pH 6 and 10, localized both cathodic and anodic regions are seen on Al3Mg2indicating its self-dissolution while the surrounding Al matrix remained relatively inert. However, at pH 13, a reversal of polarity occurs and Al3Mg2becomes cathodic relative to Al. The severity of the galvanic coupling of Al3Mg2to Al is in the order pH 13 > pH 2 > pH 6 > pH 10. ToF-SIMS analysis reveals that the dealloying of Al3Mg2in the galvanic couple is by selective dissolution of Mg leading to the deposition of corrosion products dominated by Mg compounds in an acidic and neutral environment. In an alkaline environment, a relatively thin hydroxide rich film is formed.
Electrodeposited Bimetallic (PtPd, PtRu, PtSn) Catalysts on Titanium Support for Methanol Oxidation in Direct Methanol Fuel Cells
Authors: Abraham Bincy George , Bhaskaran Rashmi , Chetty Raghuram
Published: January 2020

The electrodeposition of platinum-based catalysts (PtPd, PtRu, and PtSn) using the pulse current deposition technique was carried out on titanium substrate to prepare electrodes of different compositions to identify a possible catalyst offering high catalytic activity towards methanol oxidation (MOR). Characterization by XRD, SEM, and EDX confirmed the deposition of catalysts with the desired composition with various morphologies of dendritic, spherical, and irregular deposits for PtPd, PtRu, and PtSn, respectively. Among the various compositions and binary metals studied, electrochemical results indicate PtRu/Ti with Pt to Ru ratio of 1:1 (Pt50Ru50/Ti) to be most active with lower onset potentials for CO oxidation (0.381 V) and methanol oxidation (0.545 V) along with higher peak current density of ∼90 mA cm−2 compared to Pt/Ti (with onset potentials of 0.601 V for CO oxidation, 0.659 V for methanol oxidation and ∼68 mA cm−2 peak current density). Moreover, the MOR catalytic activity retention after 1000 accelerated durability test cycles was the highest for Pt50Ru50/Ti at 55% compared to Pt/Ti and commercial Pt/C.
Effect of Near Work on Intraocular Pressure in Emmetropes
Authors: Priluck Aaron Z. , Hoie Aidan B. , High Robin R. , Gulati Vikas , Ghate Deepta A.
Published: January 2020

Objective. To determine whether accommodation induced by reading alters intraocular pressure (IOP) in healthy, young, emmetropic adults and to document the duration and magnitude of this effect. Design. Cross-sectional study. Participants. Fifteen healthy, emmetropic young adults. Methods. Subjects performed 20 minutes of near work (reading at 33 cm) followed by 20 minutes of far work (reading at 520 cm) while IOP was measured using an iCare tonometer at baseline and every 5 minutes thereafter. Statistical analysis was performed using repeated measures ANOVA. Main Outcome Measures. Intraocular pressure. Results. IOP decreased significantly compared to baseline IOP after 10 minutes of near work (average change of −1.60 ± 2.2 (SD) mm Hg, p<0.05). IOP remained lower than baseline IOP throughout all subsequent near and far work. The difference in IOP at the end of experimentation compared to baseline IOP was −1.87 ± 1.81 mm Hg (p<0.05). The minimum IOP reached during experimentation compared to baseline was on average −3.8 ± 2.2 (SD) mm Hg (range: 0 to −8.0 mm Hg). 13 of 15 subjects (87%) and 9 of 15 subjects (60%) had at least one IOP measurement of at least 2 mm Hg and 4 mm Hg less than their baseline IOPs, respectively. Conclusions. Near work decreases IOP in healthy emmetropes, and this effect is sustained for at least 20 minutes after discontinuing prolonged near work. Providers may need to consider this effect when measuring IOP in clinical practice.
The Role of Magnetic Field Orientation in Vegetable Oil Premixed Combustion
Authors: Perdana Dony , Yuliati Lilis , Hamidi Nurkholis , Wardana I. N. G.
Published: January 2020

This study observed the influence of magnetic field orientation on the premixed combustion of vegetable oil. The results show that the magnetic field increased the laminar burning velocity because the spin of electron became more energetic and changes the spin of hydrogen proton from para to ortho. The increase of flame speed became larger on vegetable oil with stronger electric poles. The attraction magnetic field gives the strongest effect against the increase of flame speed and makes flame stability limit wider toward lean equivalence ratio. This is because O2 with the paramagnetic nature is pumped more crossing flame from the south pole (S) to north pole (N) whereas the heat energy carried by H2O from the reaction product with the diamagnetic nature is pumped more crossing flame in the N pole to the S pole. This made the combustion close to Lewis number equal to unity, whereas in the repulsion magnetic poles, S-S, more O2 is pumped into the flame while more heat is pumped out of the flame, and thus, combustion in the flame is leaner and reactions are not optimal. Conversely, at N-N poles, more heat carried by H2O was pumped into the flame while more O2 was pumped out of the flame. As a result, combustion in the flame is richer and the reaction is also not optimal. As a consequence, the velocity of the laminar flame at the repelling poles is lower than that of attracting poles.