bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MANAJEMEN LABA PADA PERUSAHAAN SEKTOR MAKANAN DAN MINUMAN
Authors: Pratiwi Devica , Shelyna Livianti  , Fendy Sunjaya  , Wendy Salim Saputra  , Gladhistani Renata
Published: February 2024

Perusahaan melakukan manajemen laba untuk memperoleh keuntungan bagi perusahaan atau manajemen perusahaan. Beberapa faktor yang mempengaruhi pihak manajemen untuk melakukan manajemen laba, seperti profitabilitas, tanggung jawab sosial perusahaan (CSR) dan ukuran perusahaan. Penelitian ini berfokus pada perusahaan makanan dan minuman yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia tahun 2018-2020. Terdapat 13 perusahaan yang dipilih dengan metode purposive sampling selama periode pengamatan selama 3 tahun. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semua data observasi yang dikumpulkan dan lolos uji asumsi klasik. Hasil uji F menunjukkan bahwa penelitian layak dengan nilai t sebesar 0,036. Hasil uji t menunjukkan bahwa profitabilitas (0,719) dan CSR (0,148) tidak berpengaruh terhadap manajemen laba, sehingga hipotesis pertama dan kedua ditolak. Sedangkan ukuran perusahaan (0,004) memiliki pengaruh negatif terhadap manajemen laba dan berarti hipotesis ketiga diterima. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah ukuran perusahaan berpengaruh negatif terhadap manajemen laba, sedangkan profitabilitas dan CSR tidak berpengaruh terhadap manajemen laba.
 
Companies carry out earnings management to gain profits for the company or company management. Several factors influence management to manage earnings, such as profitability, corporate social responsibility (CSR) and company size. This research focuses on food and beverage companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2018-2020. There were 13 companies selected by purposive sampling method during the 3 year observation period. The results showed that all observational data were collected and passed the classical assumption test. The results of the F test show that the research is feasible with a t value of 0.036. The results of the t test show that profitability (0.719) and CSR (0.148) have no effect on earnings management, so the first and second hypotheses are rejected. Meanwhile, firm size (0.004) has a negative effect on earnings management and means that the third hypothesis is accepted. The conclusion of this study is that company size has a negative effect on earnings management, while profitability and CSR have no effect on earnings management.
ANALISIS EFEKTIVITAS PENYEWAAN MOBIL TERHADAP PERUSAHAAN STARTUP
Authors: Indrajaya Fransiskus Dion
Published: February 2024

The development of companies in Indonesia is happening a lot after the Covid-19 pandemic began to subside. Many business people who have started to open their companies which are commonly referred to as startup companies have started to appear in Indonesia. Startup companies are start-up companies that have recently been operating and are in the development stage. This company usually starts with ordinary capital, therefore, the owner of the company will suppress capital. One way is to use a car rental service for the company's mobility needs. This is done to avoid car maintenance costs and car taxes. In order for car rental services to be in demand, car rental service companies must balance the quality of the vehicles being rented as well as the driver services provided as well as affordable prices. In terms of vehicles, the vehicles for rent are in good condition and clean. Meanwhile, in terms of the services of the drivers being rented, the drivers must have good driving skills and have a good nature and be friendly to users of car rental services. Therefore, the effectiveness of using this car rental service must also be maintained properly so that it can be more attractive to business people who are starting to build their startup company.

Keywords: startup, vehicle, driver, effectiveness
ANALISIS NILAI WASTE KERAMIK PADA PROYEK X
Authors: Mathew Kevin , Waty Mega
Published: February 2024

Construction projects often produce values, in the construction field can be interpreted as a loss or a loss of material resources, time, and capital, which is caused by activities that cost money, directly or indirectly, but does not add value to end product for users of construction services. The values produced in the form of materials, quality, time, and costs. In this research, will be examined ceramic, where ceramics often have a significant effect and can influence project costs. Therefore, this research aims to optimize the value of ceramic on project x to optimize costs to reduce its value. The method that will be used in this research is the method of observation, interviews, and analysis of calculations through working drawings, calculations that will be carried out using 2 methods to determine the difference of values so that the value that is expected to be the optimum value for use. This optimization value is very important because the project location is outside Java, and the material supply is on the island of Java so that it can reduce material delivery costs which are quite expensive and can affect the project budget. Keywords: residual value; building project; level of residual value; residual value of ceramics
Abstrak
Proyek konstruksi serinng kali menghasilkan nilai waste, nilai waste yang di hasilkan dapat berupa waste material,mutu,waktu,hingga biaya. Namun pada penelitian ini nilai waste yang akan di teliti adalah waste keramik dimana keramik seringkali memberikan efek signifikan dan dapat mempengaruhi biaya proyek, oleh karena itu pada penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengoptimalkan nilai waste keramik pada proyek x agar dapat mengoptimalkan biaya pada proyek hingga berkurang nya nilai waste keramik yang mempunyai dampak negative pada lingkungan sekitar proyek.metode yang akan di gunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode pengamatan pada lapangan, wawancara,serta Analisis perhitungan melalui gambar kerja, perhitungan yang akan dilakukan dengan 2 metode yang berbeda untuk mengetahui perbandingan nilai waste sehingga didapatkan nilai yang diharapkan menjadi nilai optimum untuk penggunaan waste. Nilai optimasi ini sangat penting dilakukan dikarankan lokasi proyek yang berada diluar pulau jawa dan supply material berada dipulau jawa sehingga dapat mengurangi biaya pengiriman material yang cukup mahal dan dapat mempengaruhi anggaran proyek
La ambigüedad de la realidad como traducción de Wirklichkeit
Authors: Véjar Serrano Juan Diego
Published: February 2024

Existe la tendencia de traducir la palabra alemana Wirklichkeit por la palabra realidad, y sus equivalentes en otros idiomas, y aunque hay otras formas de traducir este término en obras con terminología precisa se ha traducido así, como Ideas I de Husserl. En esa obra Husserl explica el significado del término de un modo preciso que se distingue de Realität, término que también es traducido por realidad y sus equivalentes. Lo anterior produce una ambigüedad que también aparece en la lengua alemana (donde Wirklichkeit y Realität son entendidos en el habla común como sinónimos), dicha ambigüedad es calificada por Heidegger como una “malinterpretación” de los términos. En este trabajo revisaré el contexto de aparición terminológica de estos conceptos en la obra del Maestro Eckhart y su relación con Alberto Magno, para a partir de ese contexto originario establecer criterios que permitan evaluar el sentido técnico de dichos términos y las razones por las cuales es comprendido ambiguamente. Argumentaré que, en contextos de precisión terminológica como la obra de Husserl, la elección de la palabra realidad, como traducción de Wirklichkeit, no es óptima y que la ambigüedad que produce es innecesaria.
Heidegger y los Seminarios de Zollikon
Authors: Ramírez Olvera José Francisco
Published: February 2024

Este artículo presenta una serie de consideraciones a favor de la comprensión de las posibilidades terapéuticas del Dasein, tomando como guía el diálogo que Martin Heidegger mantuvo con científicos, médicos y psiquiatras durante los famosos Seminarios de Zollikon. En primer lugar, repasaremos las diferentes razones y circunstancias por las que el pensador alemán, ya desde los años veinte, muestra un marcado interés por el campo de la psicología (especialmente la psiquiatría). A continuación, veremos la necesidad de reconducir la comprensión del ser del hombre desde la subjetividad moderna hacia el carácter abierto del Dasein. Después, se mostrará que este ente posee la estructura ontológica del cuidado, cuya relación con el mundo, el otro y consigo mismo se vuelve crucial para reconfigurar el papel del "médico-paciente" o del "analista-analizado". Por último, se aborda brevemente el caso del estrés (y su vínculo con el tiempo) para comprender el modo en que pueden plantearse entonces las posibilidades terapéuticas del Dasein.
Sobre el criterio para diferenciar los sentidos del ahora y el tiempo en Física IV.13
Authors: González Consuelo
Published: February 2024

El presente artículo se pregunta por el criterio que utiliza Aristóteles en Física IV.13 para diferenciar el sentido primordial del ahora (ahora-límite) de los diversos sentidos del ahora conocidos como secundarios o derivados, algunos de ellos clasificados bien como ‘tiempo’, bien como ‘ahora’.  Teniendo en cuenta todos los casos, se muestra que ni la distancia temporal ni el ahora-límite son criterio suficiente. La solución se perfila a través de la noción de número y su vinculación con el alma.
JUAL BELI TANAH ANTARA AHLI WARIS ALMARHUMAH HADIDJAH DENGAN ALMARHUM SOPYAN SYAHRONI (STUDI KASUS PUTUSAN NO. 8/PDT.G/2018/PN.BDG)
Authors: Salsabila Prajna Damayanti  , Novina Sri Indiraharti
Published: February 2024

Jual beli merupakan perbuatan hukum pemindahan hak yang bersifat terang, tunai, dan riil, dimana penjual menyerahkan hak atas tanah, bersamaan dengan pembeli membayar sejumlah harga baik sebagian maupun penuh. Dalam kasus ini, terjadi jual beli antara Ahli Waris Almh. Hadidjah dengan Alm. Sopyan Syahroni, namun ternyata penjual mensertipikatkan dan menjualnya kepada pihak ketiga. Pokok permasalahannya adalah apakah jual beli antara para ahli waris dari Almh. Hadidjah dengan Alm. Sopyan Syahroni sah menurut hukum. Walaupun tidak dipenuhinya syarat formil dan tertib administrasi pendaftaran tanah tidak serta-merta membuat jual beli menjadi tidak sah, karena jual beli dianggap telah sah apabila telah memenuhi syarat tunai, terang, dan riil berdasarkan hukum adat dan majelis hakim telah sesuai dalam memutus pihak yang berhak atas tanah yang dipersengketakan berdasarkan sistem publikasi pendaftaran tanah di Indonesia yakni sistem publikasi negatif bertendensi positif dimana karena ahli waris Alm. Sopyan Syahroni dapat membuktikan bahwa merekalah pemilik tanah yang sah maka Rudi Sanjaya dan H. Toat sebagai pemilik tanah yang terakhir menjadi kehilangan haknya walaupun membeli dengan itikad baik.
PENYIKSAAN OLEH JUNTA MILITER MYANMAR TERHADAP PARA DEMONSTRAN ANTI KUDETA MENURUT KONVENSI ANTI PENYIKSAAN 1984
Authors: Biolanda Latifa  , Andrey Sujatmoko
Published: February 2024

Sejak kudeta tahun 2021, Militer Myanmar terlibat dalam tindak kekerasan serius terhadap para demonstran, menimbulkan keprihatinan internasional. Rumusan masalah dalam artikel ini adalah apakah tindakan kekerasan terhadap demonstran anti-kudeta oleh Junta Militer Myanmar dapat diklasifikasikan sebagai penyiksaan sesuai dengan Konvensi Anti Penyiksaan 1984 dan bagaimana penyelesaian kasus kekerasan ini. Metode penelitian normatif dengan studi kepustakaan dan menggunakan data sekunder sebagai bahan penelitian. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa Junta Militer Myanmar melakukan pembunuhan massal, penahanan sewenang-wenang, penyiksaan tahanan secara masif, dan penindasan politik terhadap para demonstran. Praktik ini secara tegas melanggar ketentuan Konvensi Anti Penyiksaan 1984 yang secara tegas melarang penyiksaan dan perlakuan kejam. Meskipun Myanmar belum meratifikasi Konvensi Anti Penyiksaan 1984, penulis menekankan bahwa Junta Militer tetap berkewajiban untuk memulai proses hukum terhadap pelaku kekerasan, terutama personel Tatmadaw. Sampai saat ini, belum ada penyelesaian hukum terhadap kekerasan yang dilakukan oleh militer terhadap demonstran anti-kudeta, meninggalkan keadaan tanpa keadilan yang memprihatinkan.
Conditions for the formation of public trust in the police in the context of improving law enforcement
Authors: Desiatova Olga Vasilevna
Published: February 2024

The article deals with the actual problem of forming public trust in the police as a social institution. It is stated that in recent years there has been an increase in public confidence in the police, but there is still a significant resource to increase it. A number of reasons and conditions preventing the formation of a positive public opinion about the police are analyzed. Attention is focused on the implementation of the image of the police and its work with young people. As a result of the study, the most significant reasons and conditions contributing to the growth of public trust in the context of improving law enforcement are identified and substantiated. The author describes in sufficient detail the conditions affecting the formation of the assessment of public opinion about the police. The positive/negative factors of the external environment affecting the vital activity of citizens in the subordinate territory, but not included in the direct competence and functionality of the police, are considered.  To solve the tasks and verify the initial theoretical positions, a set of research methods was used: universal dialectical, logical, formal-legal, teleological. The conditions of direct and indirect influence on the formation of public trust in the police include the following: high results of police activity in the protection of public order and public safety; the current situation in the subordinate administrative area, interaction with the district police commissioner; favorable/unfavorable environmental conditions (the number of unemployed, living conditions, leisure conditions, etc.); information circulating in society (mass media, mass media); implementation of the image policy of the law enforcement agency, the activities of public councils; involvement of the active part of youth in social partnership for the maintenance of law and order and crime prevention. The police, as the most active social factor in building relations with the population, need to strengthen the influence of positive conditions of interaction and channels of communication with citizens, public associations and government agencies, and minimize the influence of negative conditions considered in this study, which will contribute to increasing public confidence in the police and improving law enforcement.
The development of the analytical philosophy of language from the problem of meaning to the theory of speech acts
Authors: Nedorezov Vadim Georgievich , Pisarchik Leonid Yurievich
Published: February 2024

The subject of the study is the development of the analytical philosophy of language in the twentieth century from the problem of meaning, which was central to the logic of G. Frege, in logical positivism and in the philosophy of B. Russell, to the theory of speech acts, that is, the development from semantics to pragmatics. The main attention is focused on such problems as the problem of the essence of language, the problem of meaning and reference, the nature of communication, and the theory of speech acts. The purpose of the study is to identify the features of the concepts of meaning in different representatives of analytical philosophy. A special place is given in this context to the ideas of L. Wittgenstein and H. Putnam's. It is also important to find out the reasons for the transition of analytical philosophy to communication problems. The specific features of the concepts of speech acts by such thinkers as D. Austin and D. Searle are also considered. The article uses such research methods as historical and philosophical analysis, socio-critical, as well as comparative methods. The novelty of the research lies in identifying how philosophers followed the path of updating and deepening the problem of meaning and reference, as well as what the specifics of each solution are. The changes that took place in the philosophy of language in the twentieth century, introduced, first of all, by L. Wittgenstein during the "linguistic turn", are considered. Significant innovations introduced into the descriptive-analytical linguistic theory of speech acts related to the names of D. Austin and D. Searle are also shown. Austin's characterized and classified speech acts, D. Searle's combined the problem of speech communication with the problem of intentionality, as a fundamental ability of human consciousness. A critical flaw in the theory of speech acts is pointed out: in fact, it does not explain the nature of dialogue, since it presents a variety of monologues.
Pain Science in Practice (Part 7): How Is Descending Modulation of Pain Measured?
Authors: Hoegh Morten , Bannister Kirsty
Published: February 2024

SYNOPSIS: Understanding the descending pain modulatory system allows for a neuroscientific explanation of naturally occurring pain relief. Evidence from basic science and clinical studies on the effectiveness of drugs in certain patient groups led to pharmacological manipulation of the descending pain modulatory system for analgesia. Understanding mechanisms and theories helps clinicians make sense of chronic musculoskeletal pain. This editorial explains how test paradigms, including conditioned pain modulation, offset analgesia, and stress-induced analgesia work, provide an overview of a placebo analgesia circuitry, and discusses how evoking activity in the descending pain modulatory system using specific paradigms can give new insights into how specific treatments work to reduce pain. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2024;54(3):155-160. doi:10.2519/jospt.2024.12113
Sol-Gel synthesis, characterization and photocatalytic activity of Cobalt doped ZnO nanoparticles
Authors: Chitra M. , Kistan A. , Kanchana V. , Jayanthi A.
Published: February 2024

In the current study, Cobalt (Co) doped ZnO nanoparticles with different dopant concentrations are prepared using the sol-gel process. All the synthesized samples are characterised using a variety of instrumentation methods including XRD, FT-IR, UV-vis absorption spectroscopy, FE-SEM, EDAX, HRTEM and XPS. The XRD measurements revealed the crystallite sizes of the fabricated samples are reduced by increasing cobalt concentrations. The various functional groups present in the doped materials are identified using FT-IR spectra. According to the UV-vis absorption study, as Co dopant concentration rises, the energy band gap narrows down in comparison to pure ZnO. According to an FESEM image, Co doping in ZnO causes a shift in the morphology of the material, making for structures that resemble flowers almost exactly. The various elemental compositions are evaluated using EDAX. The results of analyses employing high-resonance transmission electron microscopy show that the two co-doped ZnO crystallites combine to produce spherical structures with a mean size of 16 nm. This is consistent with the crystallite size predicted by Scherrer's formula. According to the results of the XPS analysis, the Co ion was integrated into the ZnO lattice in a Co2+ oxidised form. The 0.3M Cobalt doped sample showed improved photocatalytic reaction efficiency of methylene blue. As the Co doping concentrations increased, the photocatalytic reaction's efficiency also increased.
Teaching and Erudition in the Environment of Lowland Slovaks
Authors: Franko Michal
Published: February 2024

In the presented thesis, we tried to point out selected questions from the history of the Lowland Slovaks. We took a closer look at the level of erudition and the formation of elementary education in the environment of Slovak emigrants in the period from the end of the 17th to approximately middle of the 19th centuries. Slovak evangelicals put great emphasis on school education and attached essential importance to erudition. In their new homeland they almost immediately after their settlement started building the first public institutions such as the church, parish house and school. In the presented thesis, we also referred to the importance of biblical Czech in the educational process and clarify the basic aspects of elementary education in the Lowland.
Plastyka. Niepotrzebny przedmiot?
Authors: Dłużewska Marta
Published: February 2024

Artykuł, niemający ambicji opracowania będącego efektem analitycznych badań naukowych, podejmuje problem bardzo poważnych zaniedbań w nauczaniu plastyki w polskiej szkole. Odwołując się do swoich doświadczeń zawodowych, autor punktuje przyczyny abnegacji w tym przedmiocie i wskazuje jej groźne społecznie skutki. Kondycja przedmiotu plastyka w polskiej szkole jest zła i nieadekwatna do rozbudowanych teorii naukowych przypisujących mu istotną rolę w rozwoju człowieka. Patrząc na problem bardziej merkantylnie, a więc z bliższych naszym czasom pozycji, dojdziemy do wniosku, iż zamiar zmniejszania dystansu do wysokorozwiniętego cywilizacyjnie Zachodu i związane z tym rosnące zapotrzebowanie na wysokiej jakości produkty grafiki komputerowej, a także prognozy dotyczące zawodów przyszłości powinny skłaniać naszych decydentów do zgoła innego traktowania edukacji plastycznej. Kilkuletnie dziecko czy nastolatek posiada naturalny potencjał twórczy oraz potrzebę przeżywania i kreowania piękna. System i praktyka edukacyjna w Polsce na kilka sposobów skutecznie miażdżą ten przyrodzony kapitał. Dlaczego plastyka, która jest obszarem bezkresnych możliwości oddziaływania na świeżą wrażliwość, jest powszechnie uznawana za przedmiot najniższej kategorii w szkolnej hierarchii? Skąd trudne do wytłumaczenia lekceważenie i indolencja władz państwowych, oświatowych i samych nauczycieli w tym obszarze?
Kształtowanie kompetencji językowych dziecka w wieku przedszkolnym i wczesnoszkolnym
Authors: Miłek Katarzyna , Marmurowicz Honorata
Published: February 2024

Artykuł określa podstawowe koncepcje rozwoju mowy dziecka. Analiza poszczególnych jego etapów połączona jest z przedstawieniem sposobów stymulowania poprzez działania rodziców, opiekunów, a następnie nauczycieli edukacji przedszkolnej i wczesnoszkolnej. Opanowanie przez dziecko elementów języka stanowi o jego kompetencjach komunikacyjnych, a tym samym o skuteczności porozumiewania się w sposób adekwatny do zastałych warunków czy określonej sytuacji. Nieodłącznym elementem nabywania kompetencji językowych przez dziecko jest więc nie tylko bierne słuchanie i powtarzanie zasłyszanych słów czy zwrotów, ale także umiejętne włączanie dziecka w tworzenie własnego języka, budowanie słownika poprzez poprawianie i wzmacnianie wypowiedzi. W artykule zwrócono również uwagę na konieczność stymulowania potrzeby mówienia dziecka, zwłaszcza w początkowej fazie kształcenia. Sposób i jakość przekazu informacji, kontaktu werbalnego z dzieckiem już od okresu prenatalnego ma dla jego rozwoju istotne znaczenie i może dać wymierne efekty w późniejszym czasie. Istotą artykułu jest przekazanie najważniejszych informacji związanych z kształtowaniem mowy u dzieci. Publikacja stanowi formę pomocy naukowej dla studentów pedagogiki oraz nauczycieli z zakresu edukacji przedszkolnej i wczesnoszkolnej. Zawarte w niej treści służą także edukowaniu przyszłych rodziców, których wiedza dotycząca tak zaawansowanego i złożonego procesu, jakim jest rozwój mowy, powinna odgrywać znaczącą rolę w procesie wychowania i kształcenia nowego pokolenia.
Uczenie się wychowania przez rodziców rodzin wielodzietnych
Authors: Kacprowska Olga
Published: February 2024

Artykuł jest poświęcony tematowi uczenia się wychowania przez rodziców w rodzinach wielodzietnych. W pierwszej części zaprezentowano dotychczasową wiedzę z zakresu pozyskiwania kompetencji wychowawczych rodziców, ich źródeł, a także wpływu tych kompetencji na funkcjonowanie rodziny oraz zagadnienia pedagogizacji rodziców. Druga część tekstu zawiera opis metodologii badania własnego, przeprowadzonego na potrzeby tworzenia pracy magisterskiej, którego tematem było to, jak rodzice w rodzinach wielodzietnych uczą się wychowania i nabywają kompetencje. W kolejnej części artykułu wyniki tego badania zostały omówione oraz poddane dyskusji z obserwacjami innych badaczy.
Environmental education in early and pre-school education – terminology
Authors: Miłek Katarzyna , Özaydin Türkan Ercan
Published: February 2024

The article discusses environmental education and terminology in pre-school and early school education, based on a short historical outline of environmental education for this age group of children in Poland. It refers to the signing of the Biological Education Convention at the Earth Summit, which determined the stimulation of ecological awareness, protection of natural resources, and natural space around man. The article is an analysis of the goals of environmental education. Natural and ecological education has a biological, emotional, motoric, creative, and spiritual aspect. It has a significant meaning in the development of a small child in preschool and early school age in cognitive, physical, health, social and emotional development.
The system of educating teachers of preschool and early school education and the possibilities of teacher training in the future (or in current conditions) in Poland
Authors: Sağ Ramazan , Miłek Katarzyna , Orlykovskyi Mykoła
Published: February 2024

This article considers how insights from psychology and educational research can contribute to enhancing teacher training. Developments in early childhood pedagogy encourage changes in the way future educators are trained. This article discusses concepts of education in pedagogical studies and the competences that are required of the future teacher. Individualization of the teaching process requires curriculum modifications, innovative ideas, creating proprietary curriculum. The article is a search/or review based on the teacher training literature for answers on how to train future teachers to be flexible, reflective, decisive and innovative. How can teachers be supported in a way so that teachers can help themselves to be teachers?
Koło Wiedeńskie. Podstawowe założenia i próba krytyki
Authors: Tryścień Rafał
Published: February 2024

Działalność Koła Wiedeńskiego rozpoczęła nową erę. Radykalne przemyślenia, które miały z jednej strony ugruntować istniejącą naukę empiryczną, a z drugiej usunąć wszelką metafizykę i w konsekwencji zbudować prawdziwą, naukową filozofię, okazały się błędem. Radykalne założenia, które miały na celu uporządkowanie wiedzy, wbrew intencji doprowadziły do absurdalnych wniosków. Koło Wiedeńskie kierowało się zasadą weryfikacji, która miała rozstrzygnąć, czy dane zdanie jest zdaniem sensownym, czy bezsensownym. Niemniej jednak sama zasada, choć prosta w swoim wysłowieniu, nie była wolna od założeń, które miała pośrednio usunąć – założeń metafizycznych.
Celem niniejszego artykułu jest prezentacja poglądów Koła Wiedeńskiego wraz z istotnymi, często w różnych publikacjach pomijanymi zagadnieniami. Natomiast centralnym punktem tekstu będzie próba przedstawienia krytyki podnoszonej w założeniach Koła Wiedeńskiego.
Bio-inspired synthesis and profiling of a potent antiviral flavonol targeting the lipid exchanger OSBP
Authors: Jézéquel Gwenaëlle , Grimanelli Zoé , Guimard Carole , Bigay Joëlle , Haddad Juliano , Bignon Jérôme , Apel Cécile , Steinmetz Vincent , Askenatzis Laurie , Levaïque Hélène , Pradelli Clara , Pham Van Cuong , Doan Thi May Huong , Litaudon Marc , Gautier Romain , El Kalamouni Chaker , Antonny Bruno , Desrat Sandy , Mesmin Bruno , Roussi Fanny
Published: February 2024

Hijacking host cell lipid homeostatic pathways is a hallmark of infection by RNA-positive viruses. A key protein exploited by these viruses to facilitate replication is the lipid exchanger Oxysterol-binding protein (OSBP), making it an attractive target for antiviral strategies. However, the known OSBP ligands are poorly selective, and those of natural origin, referred to as ORPphilins, exhibit pronounced cytotoxicity. Here, we describe macarangin B, a new racemic flavonoid isolated from a Vietnamese bushy tree. This compound features a rare hydroxy-hexahydroxanthene moiety that confers the ability to bind OSBP. Using a bio-inspired method, we performed the total synthesis of both (R, R, R) and (S, S, S) enantiomers, allowing us to examine their distinct interaction with OSBP, based on their unique optical properties. Together, experimental and computational approaches indicate that the (R, R, R) enantiomer has the highest affinity for OSBP. We show that replication of the health-threatening Flavivirus Zika virus in infected human cells is strongly reduced by treatment with (R, R, R)-macarangin B, which selectively targets OSBP. Importantly, both enantiomers exhibit significantly decreased cytotoxicity when compared to the previously characterized ORPphilins, positioning (R, R, R)-macarangin B as a promising lead for the development of a novel family of antivirals.
Demonstrating surface and plasma chemistry with a non-thermal atmospheric plasma
Authors: Ostermann Rainer , Geyer Marvin , Meier Julian
Published: February 2024

A low-cost plasma nozzle/setup was developed to allow demonstrations and hands-on experimentation with non-thermal plasmas of air and other gases. Several high-tech plasma applications, such as surface cleaning and activation, as well as mild, but effective sterilization will be explained and adapted to be eagerly explored by undergraduate and senior high school students. The results were surprisingly similar to those obtained with a commercial plasma treatment system. While the focus is on the experimental introduction to plasma physics and chemistry, it will be highlighted how a multidisciplinary approach enables the study and discussion of important concepts ranging from surface energies and contact angles to environmental or microbiological control.
CineMol: a programmatically accessible direct-to-SVG 3D small molecule drawer
Authors: Meijer David , Medema Marnix H. , van der Hooft Justin J. J.
Published: February 2024

Effective visualization of small molecules is paramount in conveying concepts and results in cheminformatics. Scalable vector graphics (SVG) are preferred for creating such visualizations, as SVGs can be easily altered in post-production and exported to other formats. A wide spectrum of software applications already exist that can visualize molecules, and customize these visualizations, in many different ways. However, software packages that can output projected 3D models onto a 2D canvas directly as SVG, while being programmatically accessible from Python, are lacking. Here, we introduce CineMol, which can draw vectorized approximations of three- dimensional small molecule models in seconds, without triangulation or ray tracing, resulting in files of around 50-300 kilobytes per molecule model for compounds with up to 45 atoms. The SVGs outputted by CineMol can be readily modified in popular vector graphics editing software applications. CineMol is written in Python and can be incorporated into any existing Python cheminformatics workflow, as it only depends on native Python libraries. CineMol also provides programmatic access to all its internal states, allowing for per-atom and per-bond-based customization. CineMol’s capacity to programmatically create molecular visualizations suitable for post-production offers researchers and scientists a powerful tool for enhancing the clarity and visual impact of their scientific presentations and publications in cheminformatics, metabolomics, and related scientific disciplines.
EXPLORING SOCIAL INFLUENCE FACTORS IN UNIVERSITY CHOICE DECISIONS AMONG COLLEGE STUDENTS IN BANGLADESH: A QUALITATIVE STUDY
Authors: Hasan Md Mehedi , Chowdhury Sharmin Ara , Ahamed Asif
Published: February 2024

This qualitative study aims to explore the social influence factors that shape university choice decisions among college students in Bangladesh. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 30 college students from five different regions in Bangladesh. The findings suggest that social influence factors, particularly family and parental influence, play a significant role in shaping university choice decisions. Peer influence, teachers and counselors influence, media influence, and cultural and societal influence were also found to be important factors. These findings have important implications for universities, policymakers, and other stakeholders who seek to attract and retain students. Understanding the factors that shape students’ decision-making can inform the development of targeted marketing and recruitment strategies and policies that promote educational equity and access.
APPLICATION ANALYSIS OF DIGITAL DISPLAY DESIGN BASED ON DESIGN PRACTICE
Authors: Xia Zhang
Published: February 2024

In recent years, with the gradual maturity of digital technology, its application in various exhibitions and displays has become increasingly widespread. The use of digital display technology can not only compensate for the shortage of library resources, but also enhance the interaction between the audience and the exhibits, telling the story behind the exhibits more vividly. This article analyzes the transformation from the application of digital display technology to a comprehensive discipline, stepping onto a new platform of technology, interaction, and openness. Space design forms a manifestation of a social innovation system, becoming a powerful driving trend for social development. Digital experiential display design focuses more on the audience’s evaluation of the display, and only by designing based on public awareness can we better elevate from experiencing basic emotions to experiencing complex emotions, until the final emotional construction and digital experiential display design grasp the balance between education and experience, so that the experience can better serve education and achieve the true purpose of the experience. The aim is to provide new ideas for the better application of digital technology in design practice in the future, lay a digital foundation for the construction of smart displays, enhance the audience’s sense of cultural gain, and fully leverage the educational and guiding role of digital displays.
INFLUENCE OF GROUP DYNAMICS ON FARMERS’ FIELD SCHOOLS IN NEPAL
Authors: Chaurasia Jay , Acharya Nobel , Parajuli Monika , Pokharel Sadikshya , Rijal Kripa , Lamichhane Akangksha , Kunwar Subash
Published: February 2024

Around 200 million rice farmers live in Asia, where the FFS was first created. The brown plant hopper (Nilaparvata lugens Stl), which caused major rice production losses, jeopardized some nations’ food security and political stability. A second generation of FFS expanded this initial classical FFS for integrated pest management (IPM) on rice to cover other crops and subjects. In actuality, the FFS is not intended to be prolonged. It is envisaged that FFS would continue to positively impact economic, social, environmental, and political assets. In order to inform operational programs about the kinds and pathways of effects that can realistically be anticipated, this study will review the available evidence on the influence of group dynamics on FFS and its effects across the human, social, natural, and financial capital domains of the sustainable livelihoods approach. Knowing about these consequences could aid present and upcoming FFS programs in developing their treatments and evaluations. To tailor FFS interventions in order to maximize their effects, in-depth case studies are required to clarify the linkages between livelihood assets and the influences of the policy, institutional, and external environments. The FFS has the ability to help achieve the Sustainable Development Goals in light of the favorable implications it can have on rural livelihoods. However, care must be taken to ensure the FFS’s quality and conduct a fair assessment of all the capital domains.
RESEARCH ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF DANCE EDUCATION FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF DANCE DIPLOMACY IN THE EARLY PERIOD OF THE FOUNDING OF NEW CHINA
Authors: Weia Ruan , Sunb Youfei
Published: February 2024

During the early stages of New China’s establishment, the focal point of diplomatic efforts centered on economic and cultural avenues. However, the fledgling economy, still recovering from pre-liberation conditions, struggled to promptly meet the demands of diplomacy. In this context, literature and art emerged as vital catalysts propelling the progress of New China’s diplomatic endeavors. Notably, within the realm of cultural diplomacy, dance emerged as a powerful form of non-verbal communication. Its unique attributes, such as cost-effectiveness and rapid conveyance of intended impact, rendered it a versatile tool on diplomatic platforms. Dance, functioning as a dynamic form of expression, became a captivating medium for fostering connections and tightening bonds between New China and other nations. It became a radiant gem in the crown of New China’s cultural diplomacy, serving as an instrument to bring countries closer together. The mesmerizing allure of dance on diplomatic stages gradually facilitated enhanced relationships and collaborations. As a result, this emphasis on cultural diplomacy through dance catalyzed the evolution of dance education within China. In essence, during a period marked by economic constraints and the imperative to establish diplomatic ties, dance’s intrinsic ability to bridge gaps and convey emotions without language barriers allowed it to shine as an integral component of New China’s cultural diplomacy. Its role in forging connections and enhancing international relationships also played a pivotal role in the unfolding narrative of dance education’s growth within China.
Do Higher Markups Lower Labor’s Share of Income?
Authors: Kaymak Barış , Schott Immo
Published: February 2024

Higher price markups are typically associated with larger profits at the expense of labor's share of income. In this Economic Commentary, we challenge this view. The key to our argument is the reallocation of market shares toward labor-intensive firms, a reallocation caused by an increase in the prices of capital goods as a result of higher markups.
Interest Rate Risk at US Credit Unions
Authors: Rosenberger Grant E. , Zimmerman Peter
Published: February 2024

Rising interest rates have prompted concerns about losses on bank assets, especially following the failure of Silicon Valley Bank (SVB) in March 2023. In this working paper, we examine whether US credit unions could be subject to similar losses as banks and analyze how their regulatory capital would be affected. We estimate that after realizing losses from assets that have decreased in value and not yet been sold the overall net worth of the credit union industry would have fallen by 40 percent in 2023:Q1. Unrealized losses were most severe at the largest credit unions. Nonetheless, the bulk of deposits at credit unions were insured, suggesting limited risk of an SVB-style run. In addition, credit union deposit rates are relatively insensitive to market interest rates, providing credit unions with a hedge against a rising rate environment. Overall, credit unions’ balance sheet positions seemed to be more resilient to unrealized interest rate risk than banks’.
Recognizing the Types of Beans Using Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Nafi'iyah Nur , Setyati Endang , Kristian Yosi , Wardhani Retno
Published: February 2024

Many studies have previously addressed the recognition of plant leaf types. The process of identifying these leaf types involves a crucial feature extraction stage. Image feature extraction is pivotal for distinguishing the types of objects, thus demanding optimal feature analysis for accurate leaf type determination. Prior research, which employed the CNN method, faced challenges in effectively distinguishing between long bean and green bean leaves when identifying bean leaves. Therefore, there is a need to conduct optimal feature analysis to correctly classify bean leaves. In our research, we analyzed 69 features and explored their correlations within various image types, including RGB, L*a*b, HSV, grayscale, and binary images. The primary objective of this study is to pinpoint the features most strongly correlated with the recognition of bean leaf types, specifically green bean, soybeans, long beans, and peanuts. Our dataset, sourced from farmers' fields and verified by experienced senior farmers, consists of 456 images. The most highly correlated feature within the bean leaf image category is STD b in the L*a*b image. Furthermore, the most effective method for leaf type recognition is Neural Network Backpropagation, achieving an accuracy rate of 82.28% when applied to HSV images.
On-Demand PrEP: Clinical Report of Pharmaceutical Care in HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis
Authors: Ribeiro André Luiz , Siqueira Luane da Silva Oliveira , Dewulf Nathalie de Lourdes Souza , Lopes Angela Ferreira
Published: February 2024

Introduction: Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV involves the combined use of antiretrovirals for individuals frequently exposed to HIV. Initially implemented in Brazil in 2018 with a daily dosing regimen of one pill, on-demand usage was recently (2022) incorporated into routine practice. Aim: To report the experience of providing pharmaceutical care to an on-demand PrEP patient in an outpatient pharmacy within Brazil's Unified Health System. Outlining: This experience report details of pharmaceutical care that included reception of the patient, conducting anamnesis, legally and technically prescription evaluation, dispensing PrEP with verbal guidance on potential adverse events related to pharmacotherapy, and scheduling a return visit to the service. Results: The patient was initially prescribed a daily regimen of PrEP. During the first return consultation, 30 days after starting PrEP, the patient reported adverse effects related to the gastrointestinal tract, leading to the recommendation of an on-demand PrEP regimen. Implications: As of the last pharmaceutical consultation (June 21, 2022), the patient maintained a negative HIV serology, was accustomed to the newly prescribed dosage, and reported reduced gastric discomfort associated with the use of on-demand PrEP. This facilitated adherence to pharmacotherapy and improved the preventive efficacy against HIV infection.
Boris Sokołow o Aleksandrze Sołżenicynie. (Boris Sokołow. Aleksander Sołżenicyn. Prorok i dysydent. Przeł. Marta Głuszkowska. Warszawa: Prószyński i S-ka, 2022, 405 s.)
Authors: Dąbrowska Magdalena
Published: February 2024

Artykuł zawiera omówienie książki Aleksander Sołżenicyn. Prorok i dysydent, wydanej w przekładzie polskim w 2022 roku (Boris Sokołow, Aleksander Sołżenicyn. Prorok i dysydent, trans. Marta Głuszkowska, Prószyński i S-ka, Warszawa 2022, 405 ss.). Jest to niepublikowana w Rosji biografia Sołżenicyna. Książka składa się z przedmowy oraz dziewięciu rozdziałów przedstawiających w porządku chronologicznym życie i twórczość autora Archipelagu GUŁag na tle wydarzeń historycznych XX wieku. W biografii można wyróżnić trzy linie tematyczne: polityczną, literacką i prywatną.
Meta Analysis: Effect of Exclusive Breastfeeding on Child’s Development
Authors: Dwiantini Feby , Pamungkasari Eti Poncorini , Adriani Rita Benya
Published: February 2024

Background: Breast milk contains enough nutritional content for infants aged 0 to 6 months even without additional food. Exclusive breastfeeding has a positive impact on growth and development disorders experienced by babies. This study aimed to analyze and estimate the effect size of exclusive breastfeeding on 5 areas of child development, namely gross motor, fine motor, communication, problem solving and personal social.

Subjects and Method: It was a meta-analysis study conducted in accordance to PRISMA flow chart and PICO. Population= children aged 6 months to 5 years. Intervention= exclusive breast­feed­ing. Comparison= non-exclusive breastfeeding. Outcome= child development (gross motor, fine motor, communication, problem solving, and personal social). Articles were obtained from Google Schoolar, Science Direct, and PubMed. Inclusion criterias were cohort study, full text article, and child development measurement using the ages & stages questionnaire. Data analysis was conducted using Revman 5.3.

Results: 8 cohort studies from the America, Australia, Europe, Africa, and Asia were selected for meta-analysis. Total sample was 22,048. Exclusive breastfeeding increased child’s development (aOR= 1.07; 95% CI= 1.04 to 1.10; p < 0.001). Exclusive breastfeeding had a positive effect on all five areas of gross motor development (aOR= 1.05; 95% CI= 1.00 to 1.10; p= 0.030), fine motor (aOR= 1.10; 95% CI= 1.02 to 1.18; p= 0.009), communication (aOR= 1.06; 95% CI = 1.01 to 1.11; p= 0.020), problem solving (aOR= 1.12; 95% CI= 1.02 to 1.21; p= 0.010) and personal social (aOR= 1.10; 95% CI= 1.03 to 1.17; p= 0.005).

Conclusion: Exclusive breastfeeding significantly increases child’s development.

Keywords: exclusive breastfeeding, gross motor development, fine motor development, personal social, children under five

Correspondence: Feby Dwiantini. Master’s Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: feby.dee05@gmail.com. Mobile: +628529290279.
Determining the timing of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) epidemics: a systematic review, 2016 to 2021; method categorisation and identification of influencing factors
Authors: Staadegaard Lisa , Dückers Michel , van Summeren Jojanneke , van Gameren Rob , Demont Clarisse , Bangert Mathieu , Li You , Casalegno Jean-Sebastien , Caini Saverio , Paget John
Published: February 2024

Background

There is currently no standardised approach to estimate respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) epidemics’ timing (or seasonality), a critical information for their effective prevention and control.

Aim

We aimed to provide an overview of methods to define RSV seasonality and identify factors supporting method choice or interpretation/comparison of seasonal estimates.

Methods

We systematically searched PubMed and Embase (2016–2021) for studies using quantitative approaches to determine the start and end of RSV epidemics. Studies’ features (data-collection purpose, location, regional/(sub)national scope), methods, and assessment characteristics (case definitions, sampled population’s age, in/outpatient status, setting, diagnostics) were extracted. Methods were categorised by their need of a denominator (i.e. numbers of specimens tested) and their retrospective vs real-time application. Factors worth considering when choosing methods and assessing seasonal estimates were sought by analysing studies.

Results

We included 32 articles presenting 49 seasonality estimates (18 thereof through the 10% positivity threshold method). Methods were classified into eight categories, two requiring a denominator (1 retrospective; 1 real-time) and six not (3 retrospective; 3 real-time). A wide range of assessment characteristics was observed. Several studies showed that seasonality estimates varied when methods differed, or data with dissimilar assessment characteristics were employed. Five factors (comprising study purpose, application time, assessment characteristics, healthcare system and policies, and context) were identified that could support method choice and result interpretation.

Conclusion

Methods and assessment characteristics used to define RSV seasonality are heterogeneous. Our categorisation of methods and proposed framework of factors may assist in choosing RSV seasonality methods and interpretating results.
Identification of a measles variant displaying mutations impacting molecular diagnostics, Geneva, Switzerland, 2023
Authors: Pérez-Rodríguez Francisco-Javier , Cherpillod Pascal , Thomasson Valentine , Vetter Pauline , Schibler Manuel
Published: February 2024

Real-time PCR is one of the most widely used techniques to diagnose measles cases. Here we report measles virus variants with three genetic mutations in the reverse primer annealing site of a widely used PCR. The mutations result in a slight loss of the PCR sensitivity. Variants bearing the three mutations presently circulate in different countries since at least the end of 2021. Our findings highlight the usefulness of molecular surveillance in monitoring if oligonucleotides in diagnostic tests remain adequate.