bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Black Phosphorus Nanosheets Protect Neurons by Degrading Aggregative α‐syn and Clearing ROS in Parkinson's Disease
Authors: He Meina , Zhang Xiangming , Ran Xia , Zhang Yan , Nie Xiaoran , Xiao Bo , Lei Li , Zhai Suzhen , Zhu JinMing , Zhang Jingjing , Li Rong , Liu Zuoji , Zhu Yuping , Dai Zhijun , He Zhixu , Feng Jian , Zhang Chunlin
Published: May 2024

Although evidence indicates that the abnormal accumulation of α‐synuclein (α‐syn) in dopamine neurons of the substantia nigra is the main pathological feature of Parkinson's disease (PD), no compounds that have both α‐syn antiaggregation and α‐syn degradation functions have been successful in treating the disease in the clinic. Here, it is shown that black phosphorus nanosheets (BPNSs) interact directly with α‐syn fibrils to trigger their disaggregation for PD treatment. Moreover, BPNSs have a specific affinity for α‐syn through van der Waals forces. And BPNSs are found to activate autophagy to maintain α‐syn homeostasis, improve mitochondrial dysfunction, reduce reactive oxygen species levels, and rescue neuronal death and synaptic loss in PC12 cells. It is also observed that BPNSs penetrate the blood–brain barrier and protect against dopamine neuron loss, alleviating behavioral disorders in 1‐methyl‐4‐phenyl‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) induced mouse model and hA53T α‐syn transgenic mice. Together, the study reveals that BPNSs have the potential as a novel integrated nanomedicine for clinical diagnosis and treatment of neurological diseases.
Quaternary Ammonium Compounds and Their Composites in Antimicrobial Applications
Authors: Yao Yining , Ye Zilin , Zhang Yue , Wang Yue , Yu Chengzhong
Published: May 2024

Quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) are well‐known for their antimicrobial properties, but their widespread use is limited due to suboptimal antimicrobial efficiency and safety concerns. Recent progress in materials science has paved the way for the development of QAC‐based composites (QACCs). QACCs with diverse compositions have shown enhanced antimicrobial effectiveness and biosafety for various applications, such as food packaging, capacitive deionization, and household antimicrobials. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the synthesis approaches and different types of QACCs. Moreover, this review examines their antimicrobial applications, taking the underlying structure‐activity relationship into consideration. In addition, this perspectives are presented on the remaining challenges and future research directions for the further development of QACCs. It is expected that this review will provide a valuable reference for the design of next generation QACC‐based antimicrobial agents.
Activated Carbon Anchoring Site Enrichment Through B and N Codoping for Boosting Bi2Mo2.5(S,O)10 Oxysulfide Catalyst Stability and Visible‐Light‐Driven Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Abdeta Adugna Boke , Wedajo Feyisa , Wu Qinhan , Kuo Dong‐Hau , Li Ping , Zhang Hanya , Huang Ting , Lin Jinguo , Chen Xiaoyun
Published: May 2024

Boron and nitrogen can enter the carbon lattice and provide structural disorder, porous structure, and active sites for better catalyst dispersions and activity. Herein, Bi2Mo2.5(S,O)10 oxysulfide (BiMoOS) anchored on unmodified and surface‐modified activated carbon (AC) via B and N doping is synthesized for efficient PHER, aiming that B and N doping into carbon framework can modify the surface textural features which act as anchoring sites for the host Bi2Mo2.5(S,O)10 and boost its photocatalytic activity by increasing specific surface area via preventing aggregation through a uniform distribution. Thus, the BiMoOS@B─N─AC catalyst achieved excellent stability and PHER performance (564.2 µmol h−1 H2 under visible light). The doped B and N in AC create structural disorder/defects, active sites and induce electron delocalization in B─N─AC, used as the anchoring sites for BiMoOS catalysts and stimulate the adsorption and activation kinetics of the H2O molecules, and also provide a highly conductive network that enhances charge transport and stability of BiMoOS@B─N─AC. With the advantages of the modified B─N─AC, the oxygen vacancy‐anchored BiMoOS exhibited superb PHER. Hence, B and N co‐doping into the carbon lattice is a promising approach to enriching the anchoring site for boosting metallic nanocatalyst stability and catalytic performance.
Experimental Protocols for Sustainable Ammonia Production by Photocatalytic Nitrogen Fixation: Pitfalls and Remedial Measures
Authors: Kumar Ashish , Krishnan Venkata
Published: May 2024

The synthesis of ammonia (NH3) by photocatalytic nitrogen (N2) fixation has gained tremendous attention from researchers worldwide. The number of reports on different materials for photocatalytic N2 fixation is increasing year by year in the quest for developing breakthrough and sustainable photocatalysts in this field. However, there are several pitfalls (nitrogenous impurities in feed gas and on the surface of the catalyst, reaction conditions, use of scavengers, NH3 quantification methods, etc.) in the path of photocatalytic N2 fixation experiments, which can lead to the reporting of bogus NH3 production rates. Therefore, the use of accurate experimental protocols for the quantification of photogenerated NH3 requires immediate attention and focus of the researchers so that reliable data can be reported in the literature. This perspective article mainly focuses on generating awareness in the photocatalytic N2 fixation research community about the recent establishments for reporting experimental results in this field. Several pitfalls that may lead to the wrong data reporting and remedial measures to avoid them are discussed in detail. Finally, a summary of the recent advancements in this field and recommendations on future directions is provided.
Interfacial Heterojunction Enables High Efficient PbS Quantum Dot Solar Cells
Authors: Zhang Li , Chen Yong , Cao Shuang , Yuan Defei , Tang Xu , Wang Dengke , Gao Yajun , Zhang Junjie , Zhao Yongbiao , Yang Xichuan , Lu Zhenghong , Fan Quli , Sun Bin
Published: May 2024

Colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) are promising optoelectronic materials for solution‐processed thin film optoelectronic devices. However, the large surface area with abundant surface defects of CQDs and trap‐assisted non‐radiative recombination losses at the interface between CQDs and charge‐transport layer limit their optoelectronic performance. To address this issue, an interface heterojunction strategy is proposed to protect the CQDs interface by incorporating a thin layer of polyethyleneimine (PEIE) to suppress trap‐assisted non‐radiative recombination losses. This thin layer not only acts as a protective barrier but also modulates carrier recombination and extraction dynamics by forming heterojunctions at the buried interface between CQDs and charge‐transport layer, thereby enhancing the interface charge extraction efficiency. This enhancement is demonstrated by the shortened lifetime of carrier extraction from 0.72 to 0.46 ps. As a result, the resultant PbS CQD solar cells achieve a power‐conversion‐efficiency (PCE) of 13.4% compared to 12.2% without the heterojunction.
Layer Exchange Synthesis of SiGe for Flexible Thermoelectric Generators: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Toko Kaoru , Maeda Shintaro , Ishiyama Takamitsu , Nozawa Koki , Murata Masayuki , Suemasu Takashi
Published: May 2024

Flexible thermoelectric generators are leading candidates for next‐generation energy‐harvesting devices. Although SiGe, an environmentally‐friendly semiconductor, is the most reliable and widely tested thermoelectric material, it is difficult to form a SiGe layer with high thermoelectric performance at temperatures lower than the heat‐proof temperature of flexible plastic films. In this article, the synthesis of SiGe thermoelectric thin films via the metal‐induced layer exchange phenomenon is reviewed, from its mechanism to device performance. The selection of metal species allows low‐temperature formation (≤500 °C) of p‐ and n‐type SiGe on insulating substrates. Currently, the maximum power factors near room temperature are 850 µW m−1 K−2 for p‐type Si0.4Ge0.6 and 1000 µW m−1 K−2 for n‐type Si0.85Ge0.15. These values are the highest among those of Group IV semiconductor thin films formed at low temperatures. The flexible thermoelectric generator consisting of these p‐ and n‐type SiGe exhibits cross‐sectional and planar power densities of ≈3.0 mW cm−2 and 0.50 µW cm−2, respectively, at a temperature difference of 30 K. Finally, the future challenges of layer exchange for improving the performance of flexible thermoelectric generators based on Group IV semiconductors are discussed.
Interfacial Chemistry Design for Hybrid Lithium‐Ion/Metal Batteries Under Extreme Conditions
Authors: Lyu Taiyu , Luo Fenqiang , Liang Lizhe , Wang Dechao , Tao Lei , Zheng Zhifeng
Published: May 2024

The storage behavior of Li ions in the anode limits the energy density of full cell. Storing entirely as Li ions sacrifices energy density while storing entirely as Li metal shortens cycle life. The hybrid behavior maximizes both energy density and lifespan through good anode candidate and interface engineering. In this work, Li ions storage is tailored in carbon film (CF) as a hybrid Li‐ion/metal to reduce Li metal consumption at low N/P ratios. A series of weakly solvating electrolytes are screened to enhance the Li intercalation ability of the CF anode while inducing highly reversible Li metal plating/stripping. Among them, 1 m LiFSI‐THF‐0.5 wt.%LiNO3 electrolyte achieves a low interfacial energy barrier, allowing the CF anode not only to have the highest intercalation capacity of 236.5 mAh g−1, but also to exhibit excellent cycling stability and high Coulombic efficiency, even at fast charging and low temperature. The NCM811||CF full cell with a low N/P ratio of 0.5 delivers a capacity of 527.3 mAh g−1 at 25 °C, and 381.5 mAh g−1 at −20 °C, achieving energy densities of 312.6 and 223.7 Wh kg−1, respectively. 100 mAh pouch cell can be cycled stably over 500 cycles, with a capacity retention of 83.0%.
Revealing Dynamic Evolution of the Anode‐Electrolyte Interphase in All‐Solid‐State Batteries with Excellent Cyclability
Authors: Kim Se Young , Bak Seong‐Min , Jun KyuJung , Ceder Gerbrand , Chen Guoying
Published: May 2024

All‐solid‐state‐batteries (ASSBs) based on a halide solid electrolyte (SE) and a lithium‐metal based anode typically have poor cyclability without a buffer layer (such as Li3PS4 or Li6PS5Cl) to prevent the degradation reactions. Here excellent cycling stability of ASSB consisting of an uncoated single‐crystal LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 cathode and a Li3YCl6 (LYC) SE separator in direct contact with a Li‐In anode are demonstrated. Through a combination of electrochemical measurements, synchrotron micro‐X‐ray absorption and diffraction analyses, and density functional theory calculations, reveal for the first time that along with the standard Li+ transport during charge/discharge, indium in the Li‐In anode also participates in the redox reactions. The in‐situ generated In3+ preferentially occupies the vacant Li sites in the trigonal LYC lattice, leading to the formation, growth, and eventual stabilization of an anode‐electrolyte interphase (AEI) layer consisting of an In‐doped Li3‐xInxYCl6 (x = ≈0.2) phase. It is discussed how the presence of such an AEI layer prevents LYC decomposition and suppresses dendrite formation and propagation, enabling stable cycling of ASSB with ≈90% capacity retention over 1000 cycles. This work sheds light on the dynamic evolution of the halide SE and alloy anode interphase, and opens new avenues in the future design of long‐lasting high‐energy all‐solid‐state‐batteries.
Correspondence on “Organo‐Mediator Enabled Electrochemical Deuteration of Styrenes”
Authors: Kolb Simon , Werz Daniel B.
Published: May 2024

The recently reported electrochemical, organo‐mediator enabled deuteration of styrenes, a reaction referred to as “electrochemical deuterium atom transfer”, differs mechanistically from reported direct electrochemical hydrogenations/deuterations only by a mediated, homogeneous SET to the substrates. By comparing direct vs. mediated processes in general and for styrene reduction, we display that Qiu's work does not change the concept of this chemistry. Experiments with mediators and the direct reduction of examples from the reported scope show that even electron‐rich substrates can be reduced when our direct protocol, published six months before Qiu's work, is applied.
Ligand Isomerization Driven Electrocatalytic Switching
Authors: Kottaichamy Alagar Raja , Nazrulla Mohammed Azeezulla , Parmar Muskan , Thimmappa Ravikumar , Devendrachari Mruthyunjayachari Chattanahalli , Vinod Chathakudath Prabhakaran , Volokh Michael , Kotresh Harish Makri Nimbegondi , Shalom Menny , Thotiyl Musthafa Ottakam
Published: May 2024

The prevailing view about molecular catalysts is that the central metal ion is responsible for the reaction mechanism and selectivity, whereas the ligands mainly affect the reaction kinetics. Here, we question this paradigm and show that ligands have a dramatic influence on the selectivity of the product. We show how even a seemingly small change in ligand isomerization sharply alters the selectivity of the well‐researched oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) Co phthalocyanine catalyst from an indirect 2e− to a direct 4e− pathway. Detailed analysis reveals that intramolecular hydrogen‐bond interactions in the ligand activate the catalytic Co, directing the oxygen binding and thus deciding the final product. The resulting catalyst is the first example of a Co‐based molecular catalyst catalyzing a direct 4e− ORR via ligand isomerization, for which it shows an activity close to the benchmark Pt in an actual H2−O2 fuel cell. The effect of the ligand isomerism is demonstrated with different central metal ions, thus highlighting the generalizability of the findings and their potential to open new possibilities in the design of molecular catalysts.
Efficient synthesis of high vinyl polybutadiene based on continuous flow microchannel reactor
Authors: Li Fuchong , Gao Yang , Yu Chen , Yang Hailong , Liu Gai Guo , Cao Wei , Guo Jinshan
Published: May 2024

The traditional batch synthesis of liquid rubber faces issues such as low monomer polymerization concentration, poor uniformity of the reaction system, and inadequate heat dissipation, resulting in an unsatisfactory synthesis efficiency. This study presents a method for the rapid and efficient synthesis of high vinyl 1,2‐polybutadiene liquid rubber using butadiene as the monomer and n‐butyllithium as the initiator. By applying continuous flow microchannel reactors, the limitation of traditional synthesis method can be overcome. The addition of a modifier in the raw material promotes the formation of high vinyl structure. The preparation of liquid rubber requires the addition of a large amount of metal lithium initiator. However, for aerospace sealants, there is a requirement for low metal ion content. To address this, we employed different methods to reduce the metal ion content in the liquid rubber and increase its purity. Ultimately, we achieved the synthesis of high‐purity polybutadiene liquid rubber with 1,2‐vinyl content exceeding 88%, narrow molecular weight distribution, and tunable molecular weights. This research will provide technical guidance for the industrial application of polybutadiene synthesis in continuous flow microchannel reactors.
Thermal aging behavior and heat resistance mechanism of ultraviolet crosslinked ultra‐high molecular weight polyethylene fiber
Authors: Dong Tianhong , Niu Fangfang , Qiang Zhe , Wang Xinpeng , Guo Jungu , Wang Yimin , He Yong
Published: May 2024

As advances in heat resistant ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) fiber via ultraviolet (UV) crosslinking, it is worth paying attention to its thermal aging behavior and heat resistance mechanism. UHMWPE fibers in different forms, the fully drawn yarn (FDY) and the UV crosslinked FDY (UVFDY), are subjected to isothermal aging at 135°C. The effects of thermal aging on their surface morphology and mechanical properties are studied and compared initially. The results demonstrate that UVFDY is a kind of a heat‐resistant fiber. Subsequently, to reveal the heat resistance mechanism of UVFDY, its crystalline and orientation structure evolution during thermal aging are further studied. It is indicated that the formation of dense‐packing crystals and disorientation behavior lead to fiber shrink, so that a number of grooves appear on the fiber surface. Since the crosslinked stucture of UVFDY hinders its molecules movement, the crystallization and disorientation behavior of UVFDY are weaker than those of FDY, resulting in UVFDY possesses slighter thermal shrinkage (Ts), fewer grooves and better mechanical properties than those of FDY. Therefore, the heat resistance of the fiber improves effectively after UV crosslinking. This work provides insights into the structure–property relationship of UVFDY during thermal aging, and offers basis data for its application in specific conditions.
Adjusting the dynamic and mechanochromic properties of aromatic disulfide epoxy vitrimers by unsaturation of epoxy monomers
Authors: Chen Ruiqi , Zhou Lin , Zhang Kuibao , Chen Mao
Published: May 2024

Disulfide‐contained vitrimers that possess unprecedented functions, such as reprocessing and self‐healing, are considered to be one of the most promising materials since they also exhibit mechanochromic behaviors. A few reports have given the phenomenon of mechanochromism, but the relationship between their structure and mechanochromic behavior needed to further research. Herein, three aromatic disulfide‐contained epoxy vitrimers with different degree of unsaturation are prepared by changing the epoxy monomer. The effect of network structure on the dynamic and mechanochromic properties are investigated. With increasing the degree of unsaturation from the aliphatic to aromatic epoxy vitrimers, the Tg‐value increases and the chain mobility decreases, so the aliphatic epoxy vitrimers shows the lowest activation energy, the lowest temperature of malleability Tv, and the shortest relaxation times. In addition, these epoxy vitrimers all showes reversible mechanochromic behaviors due to the generation and coupling of sulfenyl radicals, which can be accelerated by the high temperature and solvent. Meanwhile, the epoxy structure has a great influence on the mechanochromic behavior, including the absorption wavelength and fading kinetics of grinding powders. These results can be utilized to design desired vitrimer materials for various applications that requires both the intrinsically self‐report damage and the dynamic properties such as recycling.
Development of a label‐free, impedance‐based biosensor to identify harmful effects of pesticides on insect cells
Authors: Friedrich Sandra , Malagimani Neha , Michaelis Stefanie , Wegener Joachim
Published: May 2024

Insects are a major part of the planet's ecosystem and their vital role as pollinators for agriculture is undisputed. Alongside factors as climate change or loss of habitats, rising use of pesticides emerges as a key threat to insect populations. For fighting this man‐made problem, development of an easy, fast, sensitive, and non‐invasive biosensor for determining pesticide toxicity may help to ban harmful substances and formulations. Here, a biosensor based on Sf21 (Spodoptera frugiperda) insect cells as sensors and electric cell‐substrate impedance sensing (ECIS) as physical transducer is described. Sf21 cell suspensions and well‐defined pesticide solutions were mixed immediately before seeding on planar gold‐film electrodes. The capacitance at 20 kHz was recorded as a function of time as a measurand for cell adhesion providing dose–response profiles of pesticide impact. For future in‐field applications, decoupling of the cell culture routines from the actual cytotoxicity assay is mandatory. Thus, suspensions of Sf21 cells were cryopreserved at –80°C in the wells of multielectrode arrays and thawed anytime for conducting the assays. Five pesticides were tested for their concentration‐dependent cytotoxicity expressed as EC50 values by ECIS and validated using the well‐established WST‐1 cell viability assay. Results were found to be in good agreement. Our studies revealed cytotoxic effects of some pesticides sold for home usage far below the recommended concentration and were found to be more toxic than formulations sold for agricultural industry only.
Bathymetric LiDAR and Semi‐Automated Feature Extraction Assist Underwater Archaeological Surveys
Authors: Davis Dylan S. , Cook Hale Jessica W. , Hale Nathan L. , Johnston Trevor Z. , Sanger Matthew C.
Published: May 2024

Critical data concerning key developments in global human history now lie submerged on continental shelves where investigations confront significant challenges. Whereas underwater excavations and surveys are expensive and weather dependent and require specialized training and equipment, remote sensing methods can improve chances for success offshore. A refinement in one method, a semi‐automated analysis protocol that can help to identify Pleistocene and Holocene era archaeological deposits in bathymetric LiDAR datasets, is presented here. This method employs contour mapping to identify potential archaeological features in shallow water environments in Apalachee Bay, Florida. This method successfully re‐identified multiple previously recorded archaeological sites in the study region and detected at least four previously undocumented archaeological sites. These results suggest that this procedure can expand on methods to identify and record submerged archaeological deposits in sediment‐starved, shallow‐water environments.
Safe tracking in games: Achieving optimal control with unknown dynamics and constraints
Authors: Cui Xiaohong , Chen Wenjie , Wang Binrui , Zhou Kun
Published: May 2024

This paper introduces mix‐zero‐sum differential (MZSD) game theory to address multi‐player tracking systems, offering a better understanding of the coexistence of cooperation and competition among players. Within this framework, we present an optimal safety tracking control (OSTC) method, which incorporates a control barrier function (CBF) into the value function to ensure that the tracking error remains within a specified range, thus guaranteeing safety while achieving optimization. Simultaneously, to eliminate the need for system dynamics, we propose a novel approach leveraging off‐policy integral reinforcement learning (IRL) technology to obtain the Nash equilibrium solution of the MZSD games. We establish a unique critics–actors neural network (NN) structure that updates concurrently. Furthermore, we analyze stability and convergence using the Lyapunov method. We conduct two simulations to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Semiglobal interval observer‐based robust coordination control of multi‐agent systems with input saturation
Authors: Zhang Zhipeng , Shen Jun , Qiu Hongling , Fei Cheng
Published: May 2024

This paper investigates the problem of robust coordination control based on interval observers for multi‐agent systems in the presence of input saturation and disturbances. Firstly, in the scenario where the system state is not directly measurable, two types of interval observers are, respectively, constructed by resorting to the upper and lower bounds on external perturbances as well as the output information. Secondly, a parametric Lyapunov equation‐based low‐gain feedback control method is proposed to guarantee semiglobal bounded consensus. In contrast to the conventional approach based on parametric algebraic Riccati equations, the proposed method offers the advantage of allowing the parameters to be determined in advance. Finally, a simulation example and a practical electrical circuit model are conducted to verify the theoretical results.
Utilizing partially demineralized dentin plate for horizontal ridge augmentation: A case report
Authors: Refahi Pooyan , Shaikh Samar
Published: May 2024

Background

This article intends to showcase a case of guided bone regeneration (GBR) utilizing a partially demineralized dentin plate processed from an extracted second molar for horizontal augmentation of the posterior ridge for implant placement.

Methods and Results

A 60‐year‐old patient presented with horizontal ridge deficiency at site #30 and an endodontically treated tooth #31 with recurrent decay. A treatment plan was proposed to extract tooth #31 and utilize a dentin graft from the tooth for ridge augmentation at site #30. Following the atraumatic extraction of tooth #31, it was sectioned into a 1 mm thick dentin plate, sterilized, and processed to obtain a demineralized dentin graft. Following a mid‐crestal incision and full‐thickness flap elevation, the dentin plate was adapted on the buccal defect of site #30 with 10 mm fixation screws, and the gap between the plate and the buccal bone was filled with 0.5 cc of 50/50 cortico‐cancellous bone allograft hydrated with saline, covered with collagen membrane followed by primary closure. At 6 months, a postoperative cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) was obtained to evaluate the ridge width revealing sufficient ridge width for optimal implant placement. The radio‐opaque dentin plate was visible on the CBCT depicting integration with the alveolar ridge. Following surgical implant preparation protocol, a 4 mm diameter and 8.5 mm length implant was placed in a restoratively driven position.

Conclusion

This case reports favorable outcomes for GBR using a partially demineralized dentin plate as an alternative to an autogenous bone block graft for horizontal ridge augmentation for future implant placement.

Key Points

This case introduces a novel method utilizing partially demineralized dentin plates derived from extracted teeth for guided bone regeneration, showcasing its potential efficacy in addressing ridge deficiencies.

Success, in this case, relies on meticulous sectioning of the tooth and processing of the dentin graft, precise adaptation and fixation of the graft to the residual ridge, and achieving primary closure for undisturbed healing.

Limitations to success include the availability of teeth for extraction coinciding with the need for ridge augmentation and unstable graft fixation.
Combining the Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Properties of Selected Essential Oils with their Chemical Components by GC‐MS Analysis
Authors: Nilofar  , Ahmed Shakeel , Zengin Gokhan , Di Simone Simonetta Cristina , Acquaviva Alessandra , Libero Maria Loreta , Chiavaroli Annalisa , Orlando Giustino , Tacchini Massimo , Di Vito Maura , Menghini Luigi , Ferrante Claudio
Published: May 2024

In the current investigation, a comprehensive analysis was carried out on essential oils (EOs) extracted from six aromatic plant species, namely Rosmarinus officinalis, Pelargonium graveolens, Thymus vulgaris, Origanum vulgare, Laurus nobilis, and Aloysia citrodora. An exploration was conducted into the chemical composition using Gas Chromatography‐Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS), antioxidant properties assessed through DPPH, ABTS, CUPRAC, FRAP, MCA, and PBD assays, ecotoxicological impacts evaluated via allelopathy and the Daphnia magna heartbeat test, as well as bio‐pharmacological effects including anticancer activity and gene expression analysis. Results revealed strong antioxidant activity in all essential oils, with T. vulgaris EO (2748.00 mg TE/g) and O. vulgare EO (2609.29 mg TE/g) leading in CUPRAC assay. R. officinalis EO showed the highest α‐amylase inhibition at 1.58 mmol ACAE/g, while O. vulgare EO excelled in α‐glucosidase inhibition at 1.57 mmol ACAE/g. Additionally, cytotoxic effects were evaluated on human colorectal cancer (HCT116) cells. A. citrodora, O. vulgare, and R. officinalis EOs were found the most potent anticancer, as also witnessed by their higher modulatory effects on the gene expression of BAX and Bcl‐2. Collectively, the present data highlight the importance to implement the knowledge and to valorize the supply chain of aromatic plants.
Synthesis and Dopaminergic Neuroprotective Activity of the Proposed Structure of Bassiamide A, a Caffeamide Alkaloid Derived from Bassia Indica Wight
Authors: Kim Eunyeong , Yang Wooin , Cha Dong Seok , Han Young Taek
Published: May 2024

Herein, we describe the synthesis of the proposed structure of the caffeamide alkaloid bassiamide A. The amide moiety of bassiamide A was readily formed via an amide coupling reaction between caffeic acid and the known N‐(3‐aminopropyl)‐3‐methylbutanamide. However, the spectral data of the synthesized bassiamide A did not agree with that of a previous study. The structure of the synthesized bassiamide A was confirmed using combined two‐dimensional NMR analysis. Extended analyses of the bioactivity of the synthesized bassiamide A revealed its efficacy in protecting dopaminergic neurons from MPP+‐induced neurotoxicity in Caenorhabditis elegans. Additionally, treatment with bassiamide A notably ameliorated the impaired food‐sensing ability and locomotion of Caenorhabditis elegans, suggesting a protective effect on the functionality of dopaminergic neurons.
Improvement of Heterologous Soluble Expression of L‐amino Acid Oxidase Using Logistic Regression
Authors: Nakahara Ayuta , Su Zhengyu , Wakayama Mamoru , Nakamura Masaki , Sakakibara Kazutoshi , Matsui Daisuke
Published: May 2024

Successful implementation of enzymes in practical application hinges on the development of efficient mass production techniques. However, in a heterologous expression system, the protein is often unable to fold correctly and, thus, forms inclusion bodies, resulting in the loss of its original activity. In this study, we present a new and more accurate model for predicting amino acids associated with an increased L‐amino acid oxidase (LAO) solubility. Expressing LAO from Rhizoctonia solani in Escherichia coli and combining random mutagenesis and statistical logistic regression, we modified 108 amino acid residues by substituting hydrophobic amino acids with serine and hydrophilic amino acids with alanine. Our results indicated that specific mutations in Euclidean distance, glycine, methionine, and secondary structure increased LAO expression. Furthermore, repeated mutations were performed for LAO based on logistic regression models. The mutated LAO displayed a significantly increased solubility, with the 6‐point and 58‐point mutants showing a 2.64‐ and 4.22‐fold increase, respectively, compared with WT‐LAO. Ultimately, using recombinant LAO in the biotransformation of α‐keto acids indicates its great potential as a biocatalyst in industrial production.
Understanding transcatheter edge‐to‐edge repair “knobology”: Advanced catheter steering for different scenarios of transseptal puncture
Authors: Russo Giulio , d'Aiello Alessia , Pedicino Daniela , Kuwata Shingo , Sangiorgi Giuseppe Massimo , Taramasso Maurizio , Maisano Francesco
Published: May 2024

Following the introduction in the latest European and American guidelines, transcatheter edge‐to‐edge repair has become a valid alternative to surgery for ineligible patients. Among the available technologies, MitraClip (Abbott) was the first to be introduced for the percutaneous treatment of mitral regurgitation with the edge‐to‐edge technique. Although its safety and effectiveness has been widely demonstrated, the optimal procedural results are highly dependent from operators' experience. In this manuscript, we provide a full guide of advanced steering maneuvers of MitraClip in different scenarios of transseptal puncture.
The dual orexin receptor antagonist suvorexant in alcohol use disorder and comorbid insomnia: A case report
Authors: Campbell Erin J. , Bonomo Yvonne , Collins Lisa , Norman Amanda , O'Neill Helen , Streitberg Amanda , Galloway Kate , Kyoong Andrew , Perkins Andrew , Pastor Adam , Lawrence Andrew J.
Published: May 2024

Key Clinical Message

This case suggests using dual orexin receptor antagonists to treat alcohol use disorder and comorbid sleep disorders may be effective, commencing treatment in withdrawal and continuing it to prevent relapse.

Effective medications for the treatment of alcohol use disorder are limited. This is partially due to the heterogenous nature of the symptomatology associated with alcohol use disorder and the abundance of presenting comorbidities. One common, and often overlooked, symptom that occurs during withdrawal of alcohol use is sleep disruption. Here, we report a case study of a participant with comorbid alcohol use disorder and insomnia. This participant was treated with a dual orexin receptor antagonist, suvorexant (Belsomra®), currently approved to treat insomnia. We demonstrate improvements in alcohol cravings, physical and psychological health, and sleep outcomes with treatment. These data support abundant preclinical and emerging clinical data in this space. The findings from this case report highlight the potential for suvorexant to treat comorbid alcohol use disorder and insomnia with fully powered, randomized controlled trials moving forward.
Direct Mechanocatalysis with Pd Alloys
Authors: Pickhardt Wilm , Kraus Fabien Joel Leon , Wohlgemuth Maximilian , Etter Martin , Spallek Marius , Schwensow Martin , Genç Zeynep , Grätz Sven , Borchardt Lars
Published: May 2024

In this study, we assess the suitability of Pd alloys in direct mechanocatalytic coupling reactions. Copper (Cu) and nickel (Ni) were alloyed with palladium (Pd), alongside testing a high entropy alloy and palladium gold alloy. Compared to pure Pd balls the alloys are promising in terms of mechanical properties and costs. Combining Pd with Cu and Ni improved mechanical resilience by up to 330 % while retaining catalytic activity, for the tested Suzuki‐Miyaura and Sonogashira‐Hagihara couplings. Both of which led to good to excellent yields within one hour. Notably, alloys containing 20 % Pd showed increased yields of over 80 % in the Sonogashira coupling, comparable to pure Pd. XPS and in‐situ PXRD analysis showcased the influence of alloyed metals on catalytic processes, emphasizing the significance of the surface composition of milling balls.
Coupling of Phthalocyanines with Plasmonic Gold Nanoparticles by Click Chemistry for an Enhanced Singlet Oxygen Based Photoelectrochemical Sensing
Authors: Khan Shahid U. , Matshitse Refilwe , Borah Rituraj , Nemakal Manjunatha , Moiseeva Ekaterina O. , Dubinina Tatiana V. , Nyokong Tebello , Verbruggen Sammy W. , De Wael Karolien
Published: May 2024

Coupling photosensitizers (PSs) with plasmonic nanoparticles increases the photocatalytic activity of PSs as the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of plasmonic nanoparticles leads to extreme concentration of light in their vicinity known as the near‐field enhancement effect. To realize this in a colloidal phase, efficient conjugation of the PS molecules with the plasmonic nanoparticle surface is critical. In this work, we demonstrate the coupling of phthalocyanine (Pc) molecules with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) in the colloidal phase via click chemistry. This conjugated Pc‐AuNPs colloidal system is shown to enhance the photocatalytic singlet oxygen (1O2) production over non‐conjugated Pcs and hence improve the photoelectrochemical detection of phenols. The plasmonic enhancement of the 1O2 generation by Pcs was clearly elucidated by complementary experimental and computational classical electromagnetic models. The dependence of plasmonic enhancement on the spectral position of the excitation laser wavelength and the absorbance of the Pc molecules with respect to the wavelength specific near‐field enhancement is clearly demonstrated. A high ∼ 8 times enhancement is obtained with green laser (532 nm) at the LSPR due to the maximum near‐field enhancement at the resonance wavelength.
Does the Electrical Double Layer Contribute to the Mechanism of Action of Antimicrobial Peptides?
Authors: Juhaniewicz‐Debinska Joanna , Dziubak Damian , Sek Slawomir
Published: May 2024

This concept paper elucidates the possible influence of the electrical double layer (EDL) and the polyelectrolytic nature of bacterial cell walls on the behavior of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) and lipopeptides. It proposes that the presence of EDL adjacent to lipid membranes may play a crucial role in inducing peptide aggregation and conformational changes, thus affecting their antimicrobial activity. Furthermore, it emphasizes that the negatively charged components in both Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacterial cell walls may act as polyelectrolytes, effectively reducing the critical micellization concentration (CMC) of positively charged peptides and lipopeptides. This reduction is expected to facilitate their aggregation, potentially enhancing their accumulation at the bacterial membrane and increasing their effectiveness in disrupting membrane integrity and exerting antimicrobial activity. Therefore, understanding the interplay between EDL effects, polyelectrolytic properties of bacterial cell walls, and the behavior of antimicrobial peptides is essential for elucidating their mechanisms of action and optimizing their therapeutic potential.
Quality of systematic reviews and meta‐analyses in dermatology
Authors: Muthiah Annapoorani , Lee Loch Kith , Koh John , Liu Ashly , Tan Aidan
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Although the number of published systematic reviews and meta‐analyses in dermatology has increased over the past decade, their quality is unknown.

Objective

The objective of this study was to determine the change in risk of bias, methodological quality and reporting quality of systematic reviews and meta‐analyses in dermatology between 2010 and 2019.

Methods

We conducted a comparative study of systematic reviews and meta‐analyses published in the 10 highest‐ranked dermatology journals in 2010 and 2019. Studies were identified through electronic searches of MEDLINE, Embase, and eight other bibliographic databases. Risk of bias and methodological quality were assessed in duplicate with the risk of bias in systematic reviews (ROBIS) and A MeaSurement Tool to Assess systematic Reviews‐2 (AMSTAR‐2) tools, respectively, with the latter only applied to studies of interventions. Reporting quality was assessed with the Preferred Reporting Items of systematic reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) 2009 and PRISMA for abstracts (PRISMA‐A) 2013 statements.

Results

We included 27 systematic reviews and meta‐analyses published in 2010 and 127 published in 2019. There was no evidence of a difference in the proportion of systematic reviews and meta‐analyses at high/unclear risk of bias with ROBIS (Fisher's exact test = 1.00) or critically low methodological quality using AMSTAR‐2 (Fisher's exact test = 0.456), between 2010 and 2019. There was evidence of a difference in proportion of PRISMA (t(26) = 2.7, p = 0.01), and very strong evidence of a difference in proportion of PRISMA‐A (t(26) = 4.2, p < 0.001) checklist items adequately reported between 2010 and 2019. The difference in mean proportion of PRISMA checklist items adequately reported was 3.6 items more (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.8–5.4 items more) in 2019 (mean = 10.7 items, SD = 2.4 items) than in 2010 (mean = 7.1 items, SD = 2.9 items), and of PRISMA‐A checklist items adequately reported was 1.1 items more (95% CI: 0.2–2.0 items more) in 2019 (mean = 5.6 items, SD = 1.5 items) than in 2010 (mean = 4.4 items, SD = 1.7 items)

Conclusions

No improvement was observed in the overall methodological quality of included systematic reviews and meta‐analyses; however, there was strong evidence of improvement in the overall reporting quality.
RuPHOX‐Ru Catalyzed Asymmetric Cascade Hydrogenation of 3‐Substituted Chromones for the Synthesis of Corresponding Chiral Chromanols
Authors: Xu Shaofeng , Xu Wenqi , Dong Siqi , Liu Delong , Zhang Wanbin
Published: May 2024

An efficient RuPHOX−Ru catalyzed asymmetric cascade hydrogenation of 3‐substituted chromones has been achieved under mild reaction conditions, affording the corresponding chiral 3‐substituted chromanols in high yields with excellent enantio‐ and diastereoselectivities (up to 99 % yield, >99 % ee and >20 : 1 dr). Control reactions and deuterium labelling experiments revealed that a dynamic kinetic resolution process occurs during the subsequent hydrogenation of the C=O double bond, which is responsible for the high performance of the asymmetric cascade hydrogenation. The resulting products allow for several transformations and it was shown that the protocol provides a practical and alternative strategy for the synthesis of chiral 3‐substituted chromanols and their derivatives.
A Simplified Approach for Calculating Heat Transfer Coefficients for Fluid Guiding Elements with Alternating Redirections of Flow
Authors: Biffar Linus , Benzinger Walther , Pfeifer Peter
Published: May 2024

Fluid guiding elements (FGEs), additive manufactured inserts that enhance heat transfer, have shown the potential to reduce the size of pipe‐in‐pipe heat exchangers up to a factor of 20. Due to their unique design, the calculation of the geometrical parameters for a specific application remains challenging and was initially solved by computationally expensive computational fluid dynamics simulations. This work presents a simplified approach, which treats the fluid and the FGE as pseudo‐homogeneous to enable the fast calculation of effective heat transfer coefficients. The approach is developed based on water in laminar flow state and subsequently tested with different fluids.
Millistructured Coiled Flow Inverter for Biphasic Continuous Flow 5‐Chloromethylfurfural Synthesis
Authors: Schael Frank , Steup Benjamin , Rojahn Patrick , Nigam Krishna D. P.
Published: May 2024

Syntheses of alternative platform chemicals, such as 5‐chloromethylfurfural (CMF), from bio‐based starting materials are often associated with complicated kinetic schemes and mass transfer processes. Millistructured flow reactor concepts can help to elucidate kinetic schemes and determine rate constants which are of crucial importance for the design of respective technical processes. For the first time, the influence of proton concentration on the rate constants involved in the biphasic synthesis of CMF is systematically investigated. Results are discussed in terms of green chemistry metrics.
Assessment of air quality benefits of vegetation in an urban‐industrial region of India by integrating air monitoring with i‐Tree Eco model
Authors: Vashist Mallika , Kumar Thangamani Vijaya , Singh Santosh Kumar
Published: May 2024

In the last few years, urban trees have emerged as an effective nature‐based solution to mitigate increasing air pollutant levels due to urbanization and industrialization. This study aims to assess the synergistic effect of urban trees on improving air quality by combining real‐time PM2.5 monitoring with the i‐Tree Eco model. The monitoring was conducted during rush hours with high traffic volume and during non‐rush hours, in both the tree alley and a non‐tree road section within the industrial areas of the north‐west region of the National Capital Territory of Delhi, India. The i‐Tree Eco model was run using the diameter at breast height values of tree species present in the study area, and the PM2.5 reduction ability of the trees was quantified. The results from both approaches indicated that urban trees can significantly reduce the traffic‐fed PM2.5 concentrations. Therefore, it is suggested that tree plantations be integrated into air pollution management strategies in urbanized regions with high traffic volumes. Although this study explores the initial link between trees and air quality in Delhi, further research incorporating local wind speed and direction measurements would provide a more comprehensive understanding of how trees influence air quality in any highly polluted urban setting.
The Promising Potential of Gallium Based Liquid Metals for Energy Storage
Authors: Rehman Waheed Ur , Manj Rana Zafar Abbas , Ma Yuanyuan , Yang Jianping
Published: May 2024

Energy storage devices play a crucial role in various applications, such as powering electronics, power backup for homes and businesses, and support for the integration of renewable energy sources into electrical grid applications. Electrode materials for energy storage devices are preferred to have a flexible nature, conductive, better capacity, and low‐toxicity. Using Gallium based liquid metal alloys, such as Eutectic Gallium‐Indium (EGaIn), Eutectic Gallium‐Tin (EGaSn), and Eutectic Gallium‐Indium‐Tin (EGaInSn), as electrode materials play very important role in energy storage devices. These liquid metals have some interesting properties with a self‐healing nature, high mechanical stability, compatibility with various materials, fluidity, low young's modulus, high electrical and thermal conductivity. Those properties have made it suitable to be used in various energy storage devices. In this mini review, we have concisely described the advantages and challenges of using liquid metal as electrode materials for various energy storage devices.
Approval of Mycophenolate Mofetil for Prophylaxis of Organ Rejection in Pediatric Recipients of Heart or Liver Transplants: A Regulatory Perspective
Authors: Al‐Khouja Amer , Chaudhri Nadia , Velidedeoglu Ergun , Belen Ozlem , Bi Youwei , Doddapaneni Suresh , Chen Jianmeng
Published: May 2024

On June 6, 2022, the FDA expanded the indications for mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) to include the prophylaxis of organ rejection in combination with other immunosuppressants in pediatric recipients of allogeneic heart or liver transplants aged 3 months and older. The approved oral dosing regimen for these patients was a starting dose of 600 mg/m2 with titration up to a maximum of 900 mg/m2 twice daily. Data to support efficacy in pediatric patients were derived from established pharmacokinetic (PK) relationships across approved populations, a PK study in pediatric liver transplant recipients, and information from the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients database. Information supporting safety was based on comparing mycophenolic acid (MPA) exposure with that in pediatric kidney transplant recipients, the published literature, and post‐marketing safety reports. Efficacy in pediatric patients was established based on extrapolation of efficacy from studies in adult liver, adult heart, and pediatric kidney transplant populations, and similarity in MPA exposure between pediatric and adult patients. Review of the data supported an oral dosing regimen for pediatric heart transplant and liver transplant recipients consisting of a starting dose of 600 mg/m2 up to a maximum of 900 mg/m2 b.i.d. A dosage range for MMF is recommended recognizing that the MMF dose may be modified in clinical practice for myriad factors. The dosage recommendations in the labeling for pediatric liver and pediatric heart transplant patients are intended to permit individualized dosing based on clinical assessment of these factors.