bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tirage au sort et associations étudiantes : une expérience démocratique à l’Université de Lausanne ?
Authors: Mellina Maxime
Published: July 2019

La Fédération des associations d’étudiant·e·s, syndicat étudiant de l’Université de Lausanne, introduit en 2013 le tirage au sort comme mode de désignation des représentants de son assemblée législative. Avant cette introduction, toutes les personnes immatriculées à l’université votaient pour désigner les étudiants qui les représenteraient au cours de l’année académique. Cet article analyse les dynamiques politiques de cette expérience particulière afin d’amener au débat sur le tirage au sort un éclairage utile dans le questionnement relatif aux pratiques démocratiques. Cette question implique de s’interroger sur les profils des représentants, en montrant que le sort diversifie bel et bien ceux-ci dans le sens d’une meilleure représentativité. Nous revenons ensuite sur les effets symboliques de la sélection aléatoire, qui conduisent dans notre cas à la démystification du rôle de représentant et à une plus grande prise en considération de l’intérêt de la communauté dans la délibération. Nous discutons enfin comment la dimension représentative et la dimension symbolique se réalisent dans le processus dynamique de la délibération. Cette analyse nous permet de mettre en évidence que bien que le tirage au sort réduise la force des structures génératrices de rôles, il ne semble pas ici engager d’effets assez puissants pour déstructurer totalement les normes et les codes classiques du jeu politique.
La participation citoyenne dans l’éolien au Danemark : institutionnalisation durable ou expérimentation temporaire ?
Authors: Wokuri Pierre
Published: July 2019

La mise en œuvre de l’éolien au Danemark est fréquemment envisagée comme un « modèle » coopératif de participation citoyenne par les chercheurs en sciences sociales. Cependant, peu de travaux adoptent une perspective de long terme pour saisir les évolutions des formes de participation concernant cette énergie. En analysant la trajectoire de l’éolien danois depuis les prémisses de son développement au début des années 1980 jusqu’à aujourd’hui, cet article examine ces transformations à l’aune de l’évolution des configurations d’interaction citoyens/développeurs éoliens et les explique en mettant en évidence le rôle du régime de politique et de la configuration sociotechnique de l’éolien danois.
La violence « pousse-à-l’homme » : approche clinique d’une subjectivation transmasculine
Authors: Evzonas Nicolas
Published: July 2019

Face à l’invisibilité des transidentités FtM ( female-to-male ) dans la bibliographie scientifique et les représentations culturelles, l’auteur charpente la monographie d’un sujet désireux de modifier le genre féminin assigné à sa naissance. Il déploie ainsi les multiples violences – intrapsychiques, familiales, sociales et cliniques – qui participent à la dynamique de sa subjectivation genrée. L’interrogation autour du contretransfert du/de la thérapeute s’avère centrale dans le contexte de toutes ces contraintes emmagasinées.
Agir sexuel violent à l’adolescence et dynamique familiale : contribution des épreuves projectives
Authors: Ecer Ok Zeynep , Fillon Savine , Roman Pascal
Published: July 2019

Le présent travail prend appui sur les protocoles de Rorschach et de tat des trois adolescents qui ont participé à l’étude pilote de la recherche EvAdoGroupe qui a pour projet d’évaluer les processus de changement des adolescents auteurs de violence sexuelle pris en charge dans des groupes thérapeutiques. L’identification de situations dans lesquelles les transgressions sexuelles se sont déroulées au sein de la famille, dans des contextes de recomposition familiale, donne l’occasion d’interroger la place occupée par les enjeux de transmission dans ces situations. Le groupe familial tenant un rôle majeur dans le déploiement du processus adolescent, nous pouvons nous demander de quelle manière l’engagement dans des agirs sexuels violents à l’adolescence fait écho aux processus de transmission au sein de la famille. Est-il possible de considérer cet agir comme une tentative de mise en sens d’un défaut de structuration familiale et d’un vécu d’indifférenciation ? Pour tenter de répondre aux questions posées dans le cadre de ce travail, l’analyse se base sur les protocoles de Rorschach et de tat , menée sur la base de quatre axes d’analyse élaborés en lien avec les hypothèses de recherche. Au travers de ces quatre axes, il s’agit de dégager des éléments du fonctionnement intrapsychique et intersubjectif des adolescents, avec une mise en lumière des enjeux familiaux sous-jacents.
Le passage à l’acte violent chez les schizophrènes : carence ou excès de projection ?
Authors: Camps François-David
Published: July 2019

L’auteur tente de montrer que le recours à la violence chez des sujets atteints de schizophrénie ne répond pas simplement à un simple excès de projections délirantes sur la victime ou au contraire à une carence projective qui signerait un défaut de mentalisation et favoriserait le passage à l’acte. Le recours à la violence chez les sujets atteints de schizophrénie met en œuvre une dialectique défensive complexe autours de la projection qui vient révéler l’angoisse paranoïde que suscite l’objet. Après une étude de la violence chez les schizophrènes et une réflexion sur la nature et la spécificité de la projection chez ces sujets, l’auteur illustre son propos en s’appuyant sur les protocoles de Rorschach de deux sujets atteints de schizophrénie et ayant commis des actes de violence extrêmement violent. Une réflexion s’ensuit sur la fonction du recours à la violence chez les deux sujets étudiés.
Clinique d’un idéal hors norme : une étude de cas à partir du Rorschach
Authors: Flémal Simon
Published: July 2019

Comment penser la question du destin des idéaux au xxi e  siècle ? Pour répondre à cette question, l’auteur propose de se référer aux écrits de S. Freud dans lesquels se distinguent deux principaux modes de structuration des instances idéales : soit le sujet s’inscrit à l’intérieur de règles et de discours préétablis faisant fonction d’idéal pour lui, soit il cherche à s’en excepter et à façonner pour lui-même ses propres idéaux. Après avoir développé ces deux modalités d’articulation des instances idéales, l’auteur interroge l’une d’elles à partir de l’étude de cas d’un sujet hospitalisé sous contrainte et de son protocole au test du Rorschach. De ces différents supports, il déduit des pistes de travail susceptibles d’orienter l’accompagnement thérapeutique de ce patient et, de façon plus générale, des sujets qui, comme ce dernier, font le choix de renoncer aux idéaux traditionnels pour inventer les leurs.
Déplier la catégorie d’âge
Authors: Rennes Juliette
Published: July 2019

Les préjudices liés à l’âge, conceptualisés aux États-Unis il y a cinquante ans sous le nom d’âgisme, sont aujourd’hui au cœur d’un champ de recherche transnational et interdisciplinaire qui demeure cependant peu connu en sociologie. Cet article présente le cadre conceptuel de ce champ de recherche tout en proposant d’y contribuer : tout d’abord, sont discutés certains points aveugles des définitions courantes des pratiques âgistes ; ensuite, la polysémie de la catégorie âge est explorée afin de mieux cerner la variété des formes de préjudices fondés sur l’« âge » : une distinction analytique est alors proposée entre trois significations de l’âge : l’âge civil (ou chronologique), la position dans les étapes conventionnelles du parcours de vie (ou âge statutaire) et les transformations physiologiques liées à l’avancée en âge (ou vieillissement corporel). L’article montre que cette distinction analytique aide à mieux comprendre les différentes dimensions des pratiques qualifiées d’âgistes. Enfin, il fait valoir que cette distinction est également heuristique dans les enquêtes sociologiques qui, sans nécessairement mobiliser le terme « âgisme », portent sur les formes de classement, ségrégation, hiérarchisation et domination fondées sur les différences d’âge entre les individus.
La conceptualisation de la sédation palliative par des infirmiers exerçant au sein d’une unité de soins palliatifs en Suisse romande. Une recherche qualitative exploratoire
Authors: Tomczyk Martyna , Dieudonné-Rham Nathalie
Published: July 2019

Introduction : au plan international, le concept de sédation palliative n’est pas défini de façon uniforme. En Suisse, il est encadré par les recommandations émises en 2005. Contexte : la conceptualisation de la sédation palliative est susceptible d’être hétérogène chez les infirmiers 1 , en raison de la diversité des protocoles développés localement, mais aussi, des expériences vécues, posant ainsi des difficultés épistémologiques et pratiques. Cette problématique, bien qu’indispensable pour bien circonscrire l’objet de futures recherches en la matière en Suisse, n’a pas été explorée dans la partie francophone de ce pays. Objectifs : découvrir et décrire la conceptualisation de la sédation palliative par les infirmiers d’une unité de soins palliatifs en Suisse romande. Méthode : recherche qualitative exploratoire avec entretiens compréhensifs individuels. Résultats : la sédation palliative est considérée comme un traitement de dernier recours face à un/des symptôme(s) réfractaire(s). La recherche d’une dose minimale efficace et le caractère au moins initialement temporaire de la sédation sont les principaux éléments mis en avant par les infirmiers. Discussion et conclusion : la conceptualisation de la sédation palliative est conforme aux recommandations suisses. Ces résultats constituent une base afin de développer une étude nationale en la matière.
Étude descriptive de la consultation infirmière de deuxième ligne en plaies et cicatrisation : une situation didactique en construction
Authors: Palmier Sylvie
Published: July 2019

Introduction et objectif : dans l’activité des Infirmières spécialisées en plaies et cicatrisation (ISPC), la consultation infirmière dite de deuxième ligne est l’occasion d’offrir aux requérants l’occasion d’un temps formatif. Ce travail s’inscrit dans une perspective exploratoire. L’objectif de l’étude est d’interroger la dimension didactique de cette typologie de consultation. Pour aborder la problématique, l’attention est portée sur l’analyse de l’activité de l’ISPC. Matériel et méthode : deux entretiens d’autoconfrontation simple d’une ISPC sont analysés à partir de consultations vidéoscopées. Résultats et discussion : même si les résultats énoncés restent incomplets, les entretiens étant basés sur un seul individu, nous montrons dans cet article comment l’ISPC, à l’issue des entretiens, est en mesure de formuler des rectifications à venir pour sa pratique. La première piste réside dans la mise en évidence d’une nécessaire transformation du discours tenu par l’ISPC lors des consultations. Ensuite, c’est le moment de suivi post consultation qui se retrouve interrogé dans sa modalité.
La socialisation en maison de retraite, un enjeu pour le résident. Une étude ethnosociologique utile pour les infirmières
Authors: Beloni Pascale , Hoarau Hélène , Marin Benoit
Published: July 2019

Les activités d’animation sont inscrites dans les projets d’établissement des maisons de retraite présentées comme une valeur ajoutée de la vie du résident, le maintenant en santé par son processus de socialisation. L’objectif de l’étude est de décrire les déterminants de la socialisation en maison de retraite. Une étude qualitative en sciences infirmières, suivant une démarche anthropologique, a été menée d’avril 2016 à mai 2018 dans dix maisons de retraite du Limousin et de l’île de La Réunion. Cinquante-sept entretiens semi-directifs ont été analysés en utilisant le logiciel NVivo 11Plus ® . Le processus de socialisation des personnes âgées est complexe dans un contexte de règles institutionnelles contraintes. L’indicateur d’assiduité aux activités, utilisé pour mesurer le niveau de socialisation et d’intégration dans la structure n’est pas, à lui seul, pertinent. En effet, parmi les éléments participant au processus complexe de socialisation en institution, on retrouve : la famille, les relations entre résidents et l’interaction avec les soignants y jouent un rôle majeur. Les personnes âgées isolées dans leur chambre, peuvent ne jamais participer aux activités, et se sentir socialisées dans la structure. Une prochaine recherche étudiera la relation soignant/soigné comme vecteur de socialisation et les savoirs soignants qu’ils supposent.
Évaluation des techniques de pose des bandes de compression médicale chez les patients porteurs d’ulcères veineux : une étude observationnelle mixte
Authors: Pottier Anne , Le Thuaut Aurélie , Durand Cécile , Germond Anne-Marie , Laurent Arnaud , Cartron Emmanuelle
Published: July 2019

Introduction : les soins infirmiers d’un ulcère veineux englobent la réfection du pansement et la pose de bande de compression médicale (BCM). La technique de pose retrouvée dans les recommandations de bonnes pratiques guide les infirmiers pour atteindre le niveau de pression requis. De grandes disparités sont observées pour poser une BCM. Méthodologie : une étude observationnelle associant un volet quantitatif et un volet qualitatif a été menée pour évaluer la pose de BCM et explorer les données prises en compte par les infirmiers pour la réalisation de cet acte. Résultats : sur les 261 patients inclus, 27 % portaient des BCM posées telles que décrites par les recommandations. Le principal écart retrouvé concernait le talon laissé hors de la bande pour 48 % des patients. Les infirmières libérales interrogées exprimaient que l’avis du patient était pris en compte afin de favoriser son observance. Discussion : les savoirs infirmiers recensés auprès des infirmières interviewées ont été comparés à la typologie des savoirs infirmiers de Carper. Il semble que le savoir empirique énoncé par Carper ne soit pas le seul pris en compte. La participation du patient dans le choix de la technique de pose, pouvant se rapprocher du savoir artistique de cette typologie, permet aux infirmiers de guider leur pratique.
Drought Estimation-and-Projection Using Standardized Supply-Demand-Water Index and Artificial Neural Networks for Upper Tana River Basin in Kenya
Authors: Wambua Raphael Muli
Published: July 2019

Drought occurrence, frequency and severity in the Upper Tana River basin (UTaRB) have critically affected water resource systems. To minimize the undesirable effects of drought, there is a need to quantify and project the drought trend. In this research, the drought was estimated and projected using Standardized Supply-Demand-Water Index (SSDI) and an Artificial Neural Network (ANN). Field meteorological data was used in which interpolated was conducted using kriging interpolation technique within ArcGIS environment. The results indicate those moderate, severe and extreme droughts at varying magnitudes as detected by the SSDI during 1972-2010 at different meteorological stations, with SSDI values equal or less than -2.0. In a spatial domain, the areas in south-eastern parts of the UTaRB exhibit the highest drought severity. Time-series forecasts and projection show that the best networks for SSDI exhibit respective ANNs architecture. The projected extreme droughts (values less than -2.00) and abundant water availability (SSDI values ≥ 2.00) were estimated using Recursive Multi-Step Neural Networks (RMSNN). The findings can be integrated into planning the drought-mitigation-adaptation and early-warning systems in the UTaRB.
Collagen-Chitosan- Glycerol-HPMC Composite as Cornea Artificial Candidate
Authors: Widiyanti Prihartini , Prastyani Reni
Published: July 2019

The number of blindness is tend to be increased year by year. One of the blindness cause is cornea ulcer.The cause of cornea ulcer is bacteria, fungi, and herpes simplex virus. Cornea transplantation is the only treatment which could widely accepted for blindness. Transplant by donor network becomes the only treatment that is acceptable on a large for blindness. However, treatment donor transplants have many shortcomings in complications post surgery such as host response, donor limitations, incompatibility and the length of time healing. As technology develops, there are many corneal substitutes based on natural ingredients derived from collagen or their derivatives because they promise better properties in biocompatibility. The aim of research are to conduct the synthesis and characterization of collagen- chitosan- glycerol - HPMC as artificial cornea such functional cluster test, cytotoxycity test, morphological test and antibacterial test. Based on functional cluster test, there are functional groups of all components of composite materials. While from cytotoxicity test, all samples have a percentage of living cells above 85%. The morphology test is showed that the pore size of sample B with composition collagen-chitosan-glycerol-HPMC is in accordance with the standard pore size for keratoprothesis. Sample A (collagen-chitosan-glycerol) and sample B (collagen-chitosan-glycerol-HPMC) have strong antibacterial properties.Biocomposite of collagen-chitosan-glycerol could be considered as artificial cornea due to the proximity with the corneal characteristics.
MCT4 has a potential to be used as a prognostic biomarker - a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Javaeed Arslaan , Ghauri Sanniya Khan
Published: July 2019

The role of several metabolic changes, such as hypoxia and acidosis, in the tumour environment has caught the attention of researchers in cancer progression and invasion. Lactate transport is one of the acidosis-enhancing processes that are mediated via monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs). We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the expression of two cancer-relevant MCTs (MCT1 and MCT4) and their potential prognostic significance in patients with metastasis of different types of cancer. Studies were included if they reported the number of metastatic tissue samples expressing either low or high levels of MCT1 and/or MCT4 or those revealing the hazard ratios (HRs) of the overall survival (OS) or disease-free survival (DFS) as prognostic indicators. During the period between 2010 and 2018, a total of 20 articles including 3831 patients (56.3% males) were identified. There was a significant association between MCT4 expression (high versus low) and lymph node metastasis [odds ratio (OR)=1.87, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.10-3.17, P=0.02] and distant metastasis (OR=2.18, 95%CI=1.65-2.86, P<0.001) and the correlation remained significant for colorectal and hepatic cancer in subgroup analysis. For survival analysis, patients with shorter OS periods exhibited a higher MCT4 expression [hazard ratio (HR)=1.78, 95%CI=1.49-2.13, P<0.001], while DFS was shorter in patients with high MCT1 (HR=1.48, 95%CI=1.04-2.10, P=0.03) and MCT4 expression (HR=1.70, 95%CI=1.19-2.42, P=0.003) when compared to their counterparts with low expression levels. Future research studies should consider the pharmacologic inhibition of MCT4 to effectively inhibit cancer progression to metastasis.
Primary Health Care: The implications for physiotherapy in South Africa
Authors: Bowerbank Pat
Published: July 2019

No abstract available
The rehabilitation village - Paper presented at SASP Congress 1993
Authors: Myezwa Helen
Published: July 2019

No abstract available.
Clinical Profile of Acute Myeloid Leukemia in North India and Utility of Nontransplant Measures in its Management
Authors: Shoket Nadeem , Muzamil Javvid , Zargar Tasneef Banoo , Wani Burhan , Toka Vishal , Bhat Javid Rasool , Bhat Gull Mohammad , Shiekh Aejaz Aziz
Published: July 2019

Introduction: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a clonal accumulation of myeloid precursors in body tissues, which ultimately leads to bone marrow failure. This is an 8-year prospective, observational study in which 254 patients were enrolled. Aim of the Study: To document the clinical profile of AML and differential outcome in M3 versus non-M3 phenotype and to see impact of different variables on its survival. Methods: Patients enrolled in the study were examined, evaluated, and given standard 3:7 induction protocol, and acute promyelocytic leukemia (APML) patients were given the ICAPL 2006 protocol. Results: In our study, males outnumbered females and most of our patients were in 20–60 years of age group. The better prognosis was in patients who were in the second decade of life. Total leukocyte count and platelet count had a significant impact on the survival of the a patient. Bone marrow morphology of M3 type has extremely good prognosis and was the most common FAB type seen in our study. Flow cytometric markers such as CD15, CD33, CD117, and myeloperoxidase had positivity among 90% of patients. Overall survival is around 40% in whole-study group, 87% in APML group, and 16.5% in non-M3 group. There are still unmet needs in managing the non-M3 patients in resource-constraint countries where allogenic transplant and newer drugs have the least access. For improving the outcome in M3 AML, further newer molecules such as Flt3 and PIK3 inhibitors are being used in trials. Conclusion: There are still unmet needs in managing the non-M3 patients in resource-constraint countries where allogenic transplant and newer drugs have the least access. For improving the outcome in M3 AML, further newer molecules such as Flt3 and PIK3 inhibitors are being used in trials.
Clinicopathological Presentation of Cervical Cancer in Bhopal
Authors: Jain Rubal , Nigam Rajendra Kumar , Malik Reeni , Jain Pramila
Published: July 2019

Aim: To study the clinicopathological spectrum of cervical cancers in tertiary care center to assess scenario in Central India. Materials and Methods: Retrospective study in the Department of Pathology in our institution to evaluate cases of cervical cancers from January 2014 to August 2015. Histopathological diagnosis was correlated with age, symptoms, gravida, Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics staging, and other relevant clinical details wherever deemed necessary. The biostatical analysis was performed for quantitative data student’s t-test was applied. P value was considered statistically significant if P < 0.05. Results: A total of 180 cases were of neoplasia cervix. Majority of cases were squamous cell carcinoma type, i.e., 96.6% (174 cases) followed by adenocarcinoma constituting only 2.8% (5 cases) with a mean age of 50.7 years and average gravida of 3.78. Majority of cases (50.01%) complained of postmenopausal bleeding followed by abnormal spotting (26.67%) and lower abdominal pain (7.78%). The most common presentation was in Stage IIB with 45.56% (82) cases. Conclusion: Histomorphology remains the mainstay of diagnosis of cervical cancers. In low compliance settings such as ours, colposcopy-guided biopsy is the preferred course of management, especially in elderly females to be definite to rule out or diagnose neoplasia. National level cervical cancer program is immediate need of the hour and should include human papilloma virus vaccine, awareness, and screening programs as well as treatment assistance for low socioeconomic strata.
Large Plaque Parapsoriasis in a Child: A Rare Entity in Pediatric Oncology
Authors: Abtahi-Naeini Bahareh , Naeini Farahnaz Fatemi , Faranoush Mohammad , Bolandnazar Najmeh
Published: July 2019

Parapsoriasis is exceedingly rare in children. The presentation, course, and prognosis of parapsoriasis in children have not yet been completely elucidated. Here, a case of large plaque parapsoriasis in 10-year-old boy is reported who was diagnosed recalcitrant pediatrics eczema for about 5 years. Other clinicians had previously treated him with emollients and topical corticosteroids with temporary relief but without improvement. The erythematous scaly patches were situated on the trunk and flank. On skin biopsy, the lymphocytic infiltrate was composed mainly of CD4+ and CD45RO+ lymphocytes. No T-cell receptor gene rearrangements were found. The paucity of knowledge about the evolution of this entity in childhood and its relationship to mycosis fungoides makes follow-up critical.
Profile of Childhood Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas at a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Gunge Ratnaprabha Anil , Kalgutakar Alka D
Published: July 2019

Context: Lymphoma was the second most common malignancy accounted for 22% of pediatric cases, of which 34 (68%) were non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL). Aims: To find the incidence, clinical presentations, laboratory findings, proportion of extranodal involvement, and to study histological subtypes (REAL/WHO classification) of NHL, compare them with reported case series in the world literature. Settings and Design: Gross specimens and biopsies of pediatric NHL were retrieved from the Department of Surgical Pathology from the year 2004 to 2013 at a tertiary care hospital. Patients and Methods: Gross and microscopy of incisional biopsies and surgically resected specimens of pediatric cases were studied using hematoxylin and eosin stain and wherever needed special stain and immunohistochemistry were used. Results: The incidence of NHL was higher in more than 10 years of age group with male predominance. Burkitt’s lymphoma (BL) (41.2%) was the most common subtype followed by T-lymphoblastic lymphoma (T-LL) (29.4%). Predominantly extranodal presentation was seen, BL presented as ileocecal masses (five cases) and orbital swelling (three cases). T-LL presented as a mediastinal masses (six cases). Rare cases of precursor B-LL involving orbital mass and plasmablastic lymphoma involving paranasal sinuses were studied. Among bone marrows studied a case of T-LL developed pancytopenia, during chemotherapy showed giant pronormoblast (Parvovirus infection). HIV association was seen in five cases of NHL. Postchemotherapy disease-free survival was very low and many patients died during chemotherapy. Conclusion: Although the incidence of HL is higher in children, in the present study, NHL with extranodal presentation (58%) involving rare sites with poor prognosis is higher, 15% of all cases showed HIV seropositivity.
Oral Microflora among Oral Cancer Patients Undergoing Radiotherapy in Regional Cancer Center, Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla
Authors: Fotedar Vikas , Ganju Suniti , Fotedar Shailee , Thakur Purnima , Sharma Aman , Bhardwaj Vinay
Published: July 2019

Objective: The objective of this study was to identify the microflora, especially Gram-positive, Gram-negative, and Candida species, in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma during various stages from diagnosis through radiotherapy. Materials and Methods: A total of 17 cases with histological diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity were enrolled in the study. For each patient, the sample was collected thrice, i.e., at the time of diagnosis (Sample 1), 14th–15th day (Sample 2), and on the 29th–30th day of radiotherapy (Sample 3). The swab stick was rolled across the oral mucosa in the cases and was sent immediately to the Department of Microbiology, Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla, for processing. The swabs were inoculated on MacConkey agar, blood agar, and Sabouraud dextrose agar. After overnight incubation at 37°C, the organisms were identified by colony characteristics, catalase, coagulase test, Gram staining, and standard biochemical tests. Results: Out of 17, there was a loss to follow up in three patients, so after analyzing on 14 patients, we had 12 (85.7%) males and 2 (14.3%) females. The mean age of the population was 47.6% ± 12.2%. We had significantly higher proportion of Gram-positive microorganisms in Sample 1 as compared to Sample 3 and the same proportion of Gram-negative organisms in Sample 1 and Sample 3. Candida species was also proportionately higher in Sample 3 as compared to Sample 1. Conclusion: There is a shift of oral microflora from Gram-positive to Candida species from Sample 1 to Sample 3 and Gram-negative being same in Sample 1 and Sample 3.
Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Young Adults: A Hospital‑Based Study
Authors: Sharma Jagannath Dev , Baishya Nizara , Kataki Amal Chandra , Kalita Chandi Ram , Das Ashok Kumar , Rahman Tashnin
Published: July 2019

Background: Head and neck cancers (HNCs) account for 30% of all cancers in India. In north eastern India, tobacco-related cancers are very common because of the widespread use of tobacco. The paucity of any study from this region in young head and neck patients has prompted us to take up this study. Methodology: A retrospective study was conducted at Dr. B Borooah Cancer Institute, Guwahati during January 2015–December 2015. Data regarding tumor site, age, sex, education, habit of tobacco (smokeless and smoke), and betel nut consumption were analyzed using IBM SPSS version 19. P < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: About 75.1% patients were males. Among patients ≤39 years, 83.7% were tobacco chewers, 50.5% were smokers, and 83.7% betel nut chewers, and among >39 years, these proportions were 83.7%, 56.2%, and 78.7%, respectively. The most common site among ≤39 years and >39 were mouth (40.8%) and hypopharynx (36.8%). Among tobacco and betel nut chewers and smokers, the most common sites were mouth (40.3%, 42.5%) and hypopharynx (41.5%). The site of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma was highly associated with chewing and smoking habit (P < 0.05). Among illiterate patients, proportions of tobacco and betel nut chewers and smokers were 65.3%, 61.6%, and 67.9%, respectively. Conclusion: A positive association between tobacco use, male gender, and low education levels were found. The younger generation should be made aware about the adverse health consequences of tobacco use to reduce the preventable risk factors of HNC.
Local coefficients revisited
Authors: Kwasik Sławomir , Sun Fang
Published: July 2019

Two simple “simplicial approximation” tricks are invoked to prove basic results involving (co)-homology with local coefficients.
О пороговой вероятности для устойчивости независимых
множеств в дистанционном графе
Authors: Pyaderkin Mikhail Mikhailovich
Published: July 2019

В данной работе рассматривается так называемый дистанционный
граф $G(n,r,s)$, вершины которого можно отождествить
с $r$-элементными подмножествами множества $\{1,2,…,n\}$,
а ребро между двумя вершинами проводится в том случае, если
размер пересечения соответствующих подмножеств равен $s$.
Отметим, что в случае $s=0$ данные графы называются
кнезеровскими. Данные графы тесно связаны с задачей
Эрдеша-Ко-Радо, а также играют важную роль в комбинаторной
геометрии и теории кодирования.
Мы изучим некоторые свойства случайных подграфов графа $G(n,r,s)$
в модели Эрдеша-Реньи, в которой каждое ребро включается в подграф
с некоторой фиксированной вероятностью $p$ и независимо от остальных
ребер. Известно, что если $r>2s+1$, то при $p=1/2$ наблюдается
асимптотическая устойчивость размера независимого
множества: число независимости случайного подграфа асимптотически
совпадает с числом независимости исходного графа $G(n,r,s)$.
Возникает вопрос: а насколько малым должно быть $p$, чтобы
асимптотическая устойчивость перестала иметь место? Основным
результатом данной работы и является ответ на этот вопрос.
Библиография: 47 названий.
Оценка числа прообразов полиномиального отображения
Authors: Vyugin Il'ya Vladimirovich
Published: July 2019

В работе получена верхняя оценка числа элементов поля,
которые при помощи нескольких заданных многочленов переводятся
в корни из единицы фиксированной кратности. Эта оценка
обобщает оценку, полученную Вьюгиным и Шкредовым в 2012 г.,
на случай многочленов степени выше первой. Данная оценка получена
как над полем вычетов по простому модулю,
так и над комплексным полем.
Библиография: 8 названий.
Обратная задача одновременного определения двух
зависящих от пространственной переменной младших коэффициентов
в параболическом уравнении
Authors: Kamynin Vitaly Leonidovich
Published: July 2019

Получены теоремы существования и единственности решения
обратной задачи одновременного определения зависящих от
переменной $x$ коэффициентов перед $u$ и $u_x$
в недивергентном параболическом уравнении при условии
интегрального наблюдения. Даны оценки максимумов модулей
этих коэффициентов с константами, явно выписанными через
входные данные задачи. Приведен пример обратной задачи,
для которой применимы доказанные теоремы.
Библиография: 15 названий.
Numerical study of fluid behavior on protruding shapes within the inlet part of pressurized membrane module using computational fluid dynamics
Authors: Choi Changkyoo , Lee Chulmin , Park No-Suk , Kim In S.
Published: July 2019

This study analyzes the velocity and pressure incurred by protruding shapes installed within the inlet part of a pressurized membrane module during operation to determine the fluid flow distribution. In this paper, to find the flow distribution within a module, it investigates the velocity and pressure values at cross-sectional and outlet planes, and 9 sections classified on outlet plane using computational fluid dynamics. From the Reynolds number (Re), the fluid flow was estimated to be turbulent when the Re exceeded 4,000. In the vertical cross-sectional plane, shape 4 and 6 (round-type protrusion) showed the relatively high velocity of 0.535 m/s and 0.558 m/s, respectively, indicating a uniform flow distribution. From the velocity and pressure at the outlet, shape 4 also displayed a relatively uniform fluid velocity and pressure, indicating that fluid from the inlet rapidly and uniformly reached the outlet, however, from detailed data of velocity, pressure and flowrate obtained from 9 sections at the outlet, shape 6 revealed the low standard deviations for each section. Therefore, shape 6 was deemed to induce the ideal flow, since it maintained a uniform pressure, velocity and flowrate distribution.
Predicted ultrafine particulate matter source contribution across the continental United States during summertime air pollution events
Authors: Venecek Melissa A. , Yu Xin , Kleeman Michael J.
Published: July 2019

Abstract. The regional concentrations of airborne ultrafine particulate matter mass
(Dp<0.1 µm; PM0.1) were predicted in 39 cities across
the United States (US) during summertime air pollution episodes.
Calculations were performed using a regional source-oriented chemical
transport model with 4 km spatial resolution operating on the
National Emissions Inventory created by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Measured source
profiles for particle size and composition between 0.01 and 10 µm were
used to translate PM total mass to PM0.1. Predicted PM0.1
concentrations exceeded 2 µg m−3 during summer pollution episodes
in major urban regions across the US including Los Angeles, the San
Francisco Bay Area, Houston, Miami, and New York. PM0.1 spatial
gradients were sharper than PM2.5 spatial gradients due to the
dominance of primary aerosol in PM0.1. Artificial source tags were used
to track contributions to primary PM0.1 and PM2.5 from 15
source categories. On-road gasoline and diesel vehicles made significant
contributions to regional PM0.1 in all 39 cities even though peak
contributions within 0.3 km of the roadway were not resolved by the 4 km
grid cells. Cooking also made significant contributions to PM0.1
in all cities but biomass combustion was only important in locations
impacted by summer wildfires. Aviation was a significant source of
PM0.1 in cities that had airports within their urban footprints.
Industrial sources, including cement manufacturing, process heating, steel
foundries, and paper and pulp processing, impacted their immediate vicinity
but did not significantly contribute to PM0.1 concentrations in any of
the target 39 cities. Natural gas combustion made significant contributions
to PM0.1 concentrations due to the widespread use of this fuel for
electricity generation, industrial applications, residential use, and commercial
use. The major sources of primary PM0.1 and PM2.5 were notably
different in many cities. Future epidemiological studies may be able to
differentiate PM0.1 and PM2.5 health effects by contrasting
cities with different ratios of PM0.1∕PM2.5. In the current
study, cities with higher PM0.1∕PM2.5 ratios (ratio greater
than 0.10) include Houston, TX, Los Angeles, CA, Bakersfield, CA, Salt Lake
City, UT, and Cleveland, OH. Cities with lower PM0.1 to PM2.5 ratios (ratio lower than 0.05) include Lake Charles, LA, Baton Rouge, LA,
St. Louis, MO, Baltimore, MD, and Washington, D.C.
Traffic-originated nanocluster emission exceeds H2SO4-driven photochemical new particle formation in an urban area
Authors: Olin Miska , Kuuluvainen Heino , Aurela Minna , Kalliokoski Joni , Kuittinen Niina , Isotalo Mia , Timonen Hilkka J. , Niemi Jarkko V. , Rönkkö Topi , Dal Maso Miikka
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Elevated ambient concentrations of sub-3 nm particles (nanocluster aerosol, NCA) are generally related to atmospheric new particle formation events, usually linked with gaseous sulfuric acid (H2SO4) produced via photochemical oxidation of sulfur dioxide. According to our measurement results of H2SO4 and NCA concentrations, traffic density, and solar irradiance at an urban traffic site in Helsinki, Finland, the view of aerosol formation in traffic-influenced environments is updated by presenting two separate and independent pathways of traffic affecting the atmospheric NCA concentrations: by acting as a direct nanocluster source, and by influencing the production of H2SO4. As traffic density is frequently correlated with solar radiation, it is likely that the influence of traffic-related nanoclusters has been hidden in the diurnal variation, and is thus underestimated because new particle formation events also follow the diurnal cycle of sunlight. Urban aerosol formation studies should, therefore, be updated to include the proposed formation mechanisms. Additionally, the directly emitted NCA poses a potentially elevated health risk, highlighting the need for quantifying the source and loadings in populated areas. The formation of H2SO4 in urban environments is here separated in two routes: primary H2SO4 is formed in hot vehicle exhaust and is converted rapidly to particle phase; secondary H2SO4 results from the combined effect of emitted gaseous precursors and available solar radiation.
Assessing the characteristics and drivers of compound flooding events around the UK coast
Authors: Hendry Alistair , Haigh Ivan D. , Nicholls Robert J. , Winter Hugo , Neal Robert , Wahl Thomas , Joly-Laugel Amélie , Darby Stephen E.
Published: July 2019

Abstract. In low-lying coastal regions, flooding arises from oceanographic (storm
surges plus tides and/or waves), fluvial (increased river discharge), and/or
pluvial (direct surface run-off) sources. The adverse consequences of a flood
can be disproportionately large when these different sources occur
concurrently or in close succession, a phenomenon that is known as
“compound flooding”. In this paper, we assess the potential for compound
flooding arising from the joint occurrence of high storm surge and high
river discharge around the coast of the UK. We hypothesise that there will be
spatial variation in compound flood frequency, with some coastal regions
experiencing a greater dependency between the two flooding sources than
others. We map the dependence between high skew surges and high river
discharge, considering 326 river stations linked to 33 tide gauge sites. We
find that the joint occurrence of high skew surges and high river discharge
occurs more frequently during the study period (15–50 years) at sites on the
south-western and western coasts of the UK (between three and six joint events per
decade) compared to sites along the eastern coast (between zero and one joint
events per decade). Second, we investigate the meteorological conditions
that drive compound and non-compound events across the UK. We show, for the
first time, that spatial variability in the dependence and number of joint
occurrences of high skew surges and high river discharge is driven by
meteorological differences in storm characteristics. On the western coast of
the UK, the storms that generate high skew surges and high river discharge
are typically similar in characteristics and track across the UK on
comparable pathways. In contrast, on the eastern coast, the storms that
typically generate high skew surges are mostly distinct from the types of
storms that tend to generate high river discharge. Third, we briefly examine
how the phase and strength of dependence between high skew surge and high
river discharge is influenced by the characteristics (i.e. flashiness, size,
and elevation gradient) of the corresponding river catchments. We find that high
skew surges tend to occur more frequently with high river discharge at
catchments with a lower base flow index, smaller catchment area, and steeper
elevation gradient. In catchments with a high base flow index, large
catchment area, and shallow elevation gradient, the peak river flow tends to
occur several days after the high skew surge. The previous lack of
consideration of compound flooding means that flood risk has likely been
underestimated around UK coasts, particularly along the south-western and western
coasts. It is crucial that this be addressed in future assessments of flood
risk and flood management approaches.
Evaluating transport time in emergency medical service via GIS: an observational study of Tokyo
Authors: Xia Tianqi , Huang Shuzhe , Song Xuan , Si Ruochen , Song Xiaoya , Shibasaki Ryosuke , Kim Kyoung-Sook
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Emergency medical service (EMS) is one kind of medical services which focuses on providing first-time rescue to victims of sudden and life-threatening emergencies. Since a lot of studies have pointed out a close relation between the increase of cost time before the patient accommodated to the hospital and the increased risk of mortality, a reasonable distribution of EMS facilities can shorten the transportation time from the scene to the hospital and is critical to ensure the quality of the EMS system.With the development of geographic information science and technology, GIS provides the visualization and analysis approaches for the distribution of the EMS cases, ambulance cars and hospitals as well as the ability of measuring road network distance, which results in the popularity of research with GIS based analysis approaches in the field of public health and EMS system. Despite of the prosperity in such kind of studies, most of them focused on evaluating EMS system by observational case analysis while paying less attention on the emergency medical resource distribution.With the concerns we mentioned above, this research conducts spatial and temporal analysis for evaluating the transportation time via several GIS methods and take the EMS cases in Tokyo 23 wards as a case study. In addition to the observational studies with EMS case data and several spatial and temporal factors, we pay more attention on evaluating the distribution of cases and hospitals from both sides of demand and supplement. In addition, we also check several assumptions that are widely used in accessibility analysis on public health. As far as we know, our work is first research on detailed hospital distribution analysis in Tokyo area based on observations.
Geographically weighted bidimensional regression on the 17th-century map of a castle town in Japan
Authors: Yabe Naoto
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Previous studies on historical maps have frequently used the bidimensional regression method to analyze the distortion of the maps. In many cases, however, the residuals of bidimensional regression are spatially auto-correlated. Of course, we can understand map distortions by those spatially auto-correlated residuals. At the same time, however, there is a possibility for another approach, which is to expand the bidimensional regression method to one consisting of spatial auto-correlations. Geographically weighted regression is a famous example of such a regression method that consists of spatial auto-correlations. Thus, a new method, called geographically weighted bidimensional regression, is proposed in this study. This regression method was applied to the 17th-century map of a castle town in Japan. The results indicate that spatial auto-correlation of residuals no longer exists. In addition, local parameters of the new method can describe map distortions directly. Ordinary bidimensional regression divides map distortions into global distortions and local distortions, which means that the ordinary technique assumed global distortions. The new method, however, can explore map distortions without assuming global distortions.
Japanese Map Warper for Spatial Humanities: The Japanese old maps portal site
Authors: Yano Keiji , Imamura Satoshi , Kamata Ryo
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Since the middle of the 2000s, digital humanities (DH) involving the collaboration and uniting of research fields from both the humanities and sciences has begun developing rapidly. It involves investigation, analysis, synthesis and presentation of knowledge through the use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT). It is expected to create a new knowledge base within the humanities; history, linguistics, literature, art, files, and so on. By definition, a new field of digital humanities is technical driven given its elaborate use of computing, and is also distinctly interdisciplinary through the ICT (Kawashima et al., 2009). At the same time, “spatial turns” are referred to throughout the academic disciplines, often with reference to GIS and the neogeography revolution that puts mapping (Guldi, 2018).As human geography would be a part of the humanities, so all research within human geography can be a part of digital humanities. Geo-spatial information that is dealt with in geography possesses geo-referenced data. GIS has also become popular in digital humanities. The application of GIS within history is facilitating the formation of a new area of research, historical GIS (Gregory and Healy, 2007). Historical geographers have been making use of GIS as a research tool, applying it to historical space within a geographical context. However now we see historians beginning to use GIS within their own research. So far, the relation between human geography and history has been compared to the difference between the dimensions of space and time. While geographers make extensive use of maps focusing on spatial patterns of their temporal changes (spatial process), historians make use of ancient documents as a resource focusing on the temporal relationship between phenomena (Knowles, 2008).To ensure a leaping development in the new project-based research style through interdisciplinary and international collaboration within Historical GIS in Japan, and by extension traditional humanities in Japan, it is of great urgency to build portal sites that can provide comprehensive and lateral search of Japanese old maps which are fundamental materials, while making GIS analysis possible.The aim of this paper is to introduce Japanese Map Warper (bilingual version), based on an online georeferenced tool developed by Mr Tim Waters in 2009, and to construct a portal site of Japanese old maps which can be embedded into GIS.