bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Role of early repeated renal biopsies in lupus nephritis
Authors: Zickert A , Sundelin B , Svenungsson E , Gunnarsson I
Published: August 2014

Objectives

A renal biopsy is generally recommended for diagnosis and is necessary for classification of lupus nephritis (LN), but second biopsies after immunosuppressive therapy are seldom a routine procedure. We investigated how repeat biopsies contribute to the evaluation of treatment response and long-term outcome in LN.

Methods

Sixty-seven patients with active LN were included. Renal biopsies were performed at diagnosis and after standard induction immunosuppressive therapy in all patients (median 8 months), regardless of clinical outcome. Biopsies were evaluated according to the International Society of Nephrology/Renal Pathology Society classification. Clinical response was defined as complete (CR), partial (PR) or non-response (NR) according to recent definitions. Histological response (HR) was defined as Class I, II or III/IV-C on repeat biopsies. Long-term renal outcome was determined in 55 patients after a median of 10 years.

Results

CR was demonstrated in 25%, PR in 27% and NR in 48% of patients. HR was shown in 42% and histopathological non-response (HNR) in 58% of patients. Twenty-nine per cent of CR and 61% of patients with PR had active lesions on repeat biopsies, that is, were HNR. Poor long-term renal outcome was associated with high chronicity index at repeated biopsies, but not with clinical or histological response.

Conclusions

Despite apparent clinical response to immunosuppressive therapy, repeated biopsies revealed persisting active nephritis in almost half of the patients, thus providing additional information to clinical response criteria. Repeated renal biopsies may be a tool to improve the evaluation of treatment response in LN.
External carotid stenting for symptomatic stenosis in a patient with patent EDAS for Moyamoya disease
Authors: Schmidt Eric , Parker Lindsey , Fraser Justin F
Published: August 2014

Background

Moyamoya disease is characterized by progressive narrowing of the internal carotid artery (ICA). Symptomatic patients typically undergo cerebrovascular intervention via extracranial–intracranial (EC–IC) bypass, most often with the use of the superficial temporal artery. This case of Moyamoya disease is of particular interest as the patient presented with a unilateral atherosclerotic external carotid artery (ECA) stenosis after EC–IC bypass that eliminated the benefit of his original surgery, resulting in a symptomatic presentation.

Clinical presentation

A 53-year-old man presenting with Moyamoya disease and known left ICA occlusion had received a bilateral encephaloduroarteriosynangiosis (EDAS) bypass 10 years previously. He re-presented complaining of right-sided tingling, weakness, and numbness radiating up the arm. CT angiography indicated significant stenosis of the left ECA. ECA angioplasty and stenting with a distal protection device resulted in resolution of his symptoms.

Conclusions

This case illustrates that a patient presenting with Moyamoya disease and concurrent symptomatic ECA stenosis post-EDAS can be effectively and safely treated with ECA stenting.
Grid movies
Authors: Graham Matthew
Published: August 2014

We present a grid diagram analogue of Carter, Rieger and Saito's smooth movie theorem. Specifically, we give definitions for grid movies, grid movie isotopies and present a definition of grid planar isotopy as a particular subset of the grid diagram moves: stabilization, destabilization and commutation. We show that grid planar isotopy classes are in one-to-one correspondence with smooth planar isotopy classes by using a new planar grid algorithm that takes a smooth knot diagram to a grid diagram. We then present generalizations of both the smooth and grid movie theorems that apply to surfaces with boundary.
Web Buckling and Ultimate Strength of Composite Plate Girders Subjected to Shear and Bending
Authors: Hayatdavoodi Aliakbar , Shanmugam Nandivaram Elumalai
Published: August 2014

The paper is concerned with ultimate load behavior of steel–concrete composite plate girders subjected to combined action of shear and bending. An analytical method is presented to predict the interactive response of the girder. The method considers the tension field action in the plate girder web panel and shear failure of concrete slab. The method is approximate and can be applied to composite plate girders at the preliminary stages of design. Strength of composite plate girders is investigated by varying the moment/shear ratio. It is shown that ultimate load capacity of composite plate girder is influenced by moment/shear ratio. The predicted results are compared with the corresponding finite-element values.
Continuously defective crystals with a prescribed dislocation density
Authors: Elżanowski Marek Z. , Preston Serge
Published: August 2014

We analyze some aspects of the kinematic theory of non-uniformly defective elastic crystals. Concentrating on the problem of identifying continuous defective lattices possessing the given defectiveness, as defined by the dislocation density tensor, we investigate the relation between the dislocation density tensor and the Lie algebra of vector fields associated with a defective lattice.
Topological rearrangements and flow simulation of dry ordered foams
Authors: Espinoza Ortiz J. S. , Belich H. , Orlando M. T. D. , Lagos R. E.
Published: August 2014

Flow through a narrow bent channel may induce topological rearrangements in a two-dimensional monodispersed dry liquid foam. We use the Cellular Potts Model to simulate a foam under a variable driving force in order to investigate the strain-rate response from these rearrangements. We observe a set of foams' behaviors ranging from elastic, viscoelastic to fluid regime. Bubble's topological rearrangements are localized and their cumulative rearrangements change linearly with time, thus nonavalanches critical behavior is found. The strain-rate affects the rate of topological rearrangements, its dependence on the drag force is nonlinear, obeying a Herschel–Bulkley-like relationship below the foam's flow point.
Osmoregulatory thirst in mice lacking the transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1) and/or type 4 (TRPV4) receptor
Authors: Kinsman Brian , Cowles James , Lay Jennifer , Simmonds Sarah S. , Browning Kirsteen N. , Stocker Sean D.
Published: August 2014

Recent studies suggest the ability of the central nervous system to detect changes in osmolality is mediated by products of the genes encoding the transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 (TRPV1) or vanilloid-4 (TRPV4) channel. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether deletion of TRPV1 and/or TRPV4 channels altered thirst responses to cellular dehydration in mice. Injection of 0.5 or 1.0 M NaCl produced dose-dependent increases in cumulative water intakes of wild-type (WT), TRPV1−/−, TRPV4−/−, and TRPV1−/−V4−/−mice. However, there were no differences in cumulative water intakes between WT versus any other strain despite similar increases in plasma electrolytes and osmolality. Similar results were observed after injection of hypertonic mannitol. This was a consistent finding regardless of the injection route (intraperitoneal vs. subcutaneous) or timed access to water (delayed vs. immediate). There were also no differences in cumulative intakes across strains after injection of 0.15 M NaCl or during a time-controlled period (no injection). Chronic hypernatremia produced by sole access to 2% NaCl for 48 h also produced similar increases in water intake across strains. In a final set of experiments, subcutaneous injection of 0.5 M NaCl produced similar increases in the number of Fos-positive nuclei within the organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis and median preoptic nucleus across strains but significantly smaller number in the subfornical organ of WT versus TRPV1−/−V4−/−mice. Collectively, these findings suggest that TRPV1 and/or TRPV4 channels are not the primary mechanism by which the central nervous system responds to cellular dehydration during hypernatremia or hyperosmolality to increase thirst.
Quantification of osmotic water transport in vivo using fluorescent albumin
Authors: Morelle Johann , Sow Amadou , Vertommen Didier , Jamar François , Rippe Bengt , Devuyst Olivier
Published: August 2014

Osmotic water transport across the peritoneal membrane is applied during peritoneal dialysis to remove the excess water accumulated in patients with end-stage renal disease. The discovery of aquaporin water channels and the generation of transgenic animals have stressed the need for novel and accurate methods to unravel molecular mechanisms of water permeability in vivo. Here, we describe the use of fluorescently labeled albumin as a reliable indicator of osmotic water transport across the peritoneal membrane in a well-established mouse model of peritoneal dialysis. After detailed evaluation of intraperitoneal tracer mass kinetics, the technique was validated against direct volumetry, considered as the gold standard. The pH-insensitive dye Alexa Fluor 555-albumin was applied to quantify osmotic water transport across the mouse peritoneal membrane resulting from modulating dialysate osmolality and genetic silencing of the water channel aquaporin-1 (AQP1). Quantification of osmotic water transport using Alexa Fluor 555-albumin closely correlated with direct volumetry and with estimations based on radioiodinated (125I) serum albumin (RISA). The low intraperitoneal pressure probably accounts for the negligible disappearance of the tracer from the peritoneal cavity in this model. Taken together, these data demonstrate the appropriateness of pH-insensitive Alexa Fluor 555-albumin as a practical and reliable intraperitoneal volume tracer to quantify osmotic water transport in vivo.
Angiotensin II type 2 receptor regulates ROMK-like K+ channel activity in the renal cortical collecting duct during high dietary K+ adaptation
Authors: Wei Yuan , Liao Yi , Zavilowitz Beth , Ren Jin , Liu Wen , Chan Pokman , Rohatgi Rajeev , Estilo Genevieve , Jackson Edwin K. , Wang Wen-Hui , Satlin Lisa M.
Published: August 2014

The kidney adjusts K+ excretion to match intake in part by regulation of the activity of apical K+ secretory channels, including renal outer medullary K+ (ROMK)-like K+ channels, in the cortical collecting duct (CCD). ANG II inhibits ROMK channels via the ANG II type 1 receptor (AT1R) during dietary K+ restriction. Because AT1Rs and ANG II type 2 receptors (AT2Rs) generally function in an antagonistic manner, we sought to characterize the regulation of ROMK channels by the AT2R. Patch-clamp experiments revealed that ANG II increased ROMK channel activity in CCDs isolated from high-K+ (HK)-fed but not normal K+ (NK)-fed rats. This response was blocked by PD-123319, an AT2R antagonist, but not by losartan, an AT1R antagonist, and was mimicked by the AT2R agonist CGP-42112. Nitric oxide (NO) synthase is present in CCD cells that express ROMK channels. Blockade of NO synthase with N-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester and free NO with 2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide potassium salt completely abolished ANG II-stimulated ROMK channel activity. NO enhances the synthesis of cGMP, which inhibits phosphodiesterases (PDEs) that normally degrade cAMP; cAMP increases ROMK channel activity. Pretreatment of CCDs with IBMX, a broad-spectrum PDE inhibitor, or cilostamide, a PDE3 inhibitor, abolished the stimulatory effect of ANG II on ROMK channels. Furthermore, PKA inhibitor peptide, but not an activator of the exchange protein directly activated by cAMP (Epac), also prevented the stimulatory effect of ANG II. We conclude that ANG II acts at the AT2R to stimulate ROMK channel activity in CCDs from HK-fed rats, a response opposite to that mediated by the AT1R in dietary K+-restricted animals, via a NO/cGMP pathway linked to a cAMP-PKA pathway.
Type of MRI contrast, tissue gadolinium, and fibrosis
Authors: Do Catherine , Barnes Jeffrey L. , Tan Chunyan , Wagner Brent
Published: August 2014

It has been presupposed that the thermodynamic stability constant ( Ktherm) of gadolinium-based MRI chelates relate to the risk of precipitating nephrogenic systemic fibrosis. The present study compared low- Ktherm gadodiamide with high- Ktherm gadoteridol in cultured fibroblasts and rats with uninephrectomies. Gadolinium content was assessed using scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy in paraffin-embedded tissues. In vitro, fibroblasts demonstrated dose-dependent fibronectin generation, transforming growth factor-β production, and expression of activated myofibroblast stress fiber protein α-smooth muscle actin. There were negligible differences with respect to toxicity or proliferation between the two contrast agents. In the rodent model, gadodiamide treatment led to greater skin fibrosis and dermal cellularity than gadoteridol. In the kidney, both contrast agents led to proximal tubule vacuolization and increased fibronectin accumulation. Despite large detectable gadolinium signals in the spleen, skin, muscle, and liver from the gadodiamide-treated group, contrast-induced fibrosis appeared to be limited to the skin and kidney. These findings support the hypothesis that low- Ktherm chelates have a greater propensity to elicit nephrogenic systemic fibrosis and demonstrate that certain tissues are resistant to these effects.
Reductions in muscle coactivation and metabolic cost during visuomotor adaptation
Authors: Huang Helen J. , Ahmed Alaa A.
Published: August 2014

We often have to adapt our movements as we interact with a variety of objects in various conditions on a daily basis. Evidence suggests that motor adaptation relies on a process that minimizes error and effort; however, much of this evidence involved adapting to novel dynamics with physical perturbations to counteract. To examine the generality of the process of minimizing error and effort during motor adaptation, we used a visuomotor adaptation task that did not involve dynamic perturbations. We investigated the time courses of muscle activity, coactivation, and metabolic cost as subjects reached to a target with a visuomotor rotation. We wanted to determine whether subjects would modulate muscle activity, coactivation, and metabolic cost during a visuomotor adaptation task. Interestingly, subjects increased muscle coactivation early during visuomotor adaptation when there were large cursor-trajectory errors but no physical perturbations to reject. As adaptation progressed, muscle activity and coactivation decreased. Metabolic cost followed a similar time course. When the perturbation was removed, typical after-effects were observed: trajectory error increased and then was reduced quickly. This was accompanied by increases in muscle activity, coactivation, and metabolic cost, along with subsequent rapid reductions. These results demonstrate that subjects modulate muscle activity, coactivation, and metabolic cost similarly across different forms of motor adaptation. Overall, our findings suggest that minimization of error and effort may be a general process underlying various forms of motor adaptation.
Fractionation of the visuomotor feedback response to directions of movement and perturbation
Authors: Franklin David W. , Franklin Sae , Wolpert Daniel M.
Published: August 2014

Recent studies have highlighted the modulation and control of feedback gains as support for optimal feedback control. While many experiments contrast feedback gains across different environments, only a few have demonstrated the appropriate modulation of feedback gains from one movement to the next. Here we extend previous work by examining whether different visuomotor feedback gains can be learned for different directions of movement or perturbation directions in the same posture. To do this we measure visuomotor responses (involuntary motor responses to shifts in the visual feedback of the hand) during reaching movements. Previous work has demonstrated that these feedback responses can be modulated depending on the statistical distributions of the environment. Specifically, feedback gains were upregulated for task-relevant environments and downregulated for task-irrelevant environments. Using these two statistical distributions, the first experiment examined whether these feedback responses could be independently modulated for the same limb posture for two directions of movement (same limb posture but on either an inward or outward movement), while the second examined whether the feedback responses could modulate, within a single movement, to perturbations to the left or right of the reach. Both experiments demonstrated that visuomotor feedback responses could be learned independently such that the response was appropriate for the environment. This work demonstrates that feedback gains can be simultaneously tuned (upregulated and downregulated) depending on the state of the body and the environment. The results indicate the degree to which feedback responses can be fractionated in order to adapt to the world.
Researches on the Generation of Three‐Dimensional Manifold Element under FEM Mesh Cover
Authors: HaiFeng Li , Guoxing Zhang
Published: August 2014

Three‐dimensional manifold element generation and contact detection algorithm between blocks are the bottleneck for the development of three‐dimensional numerical manifold method (NMM). For building mathematics cover, the technology of three‐dimensional finite element mesh generation is utilized in the paper. Aiming at the characteristics of complex formation and difficult identification of three‐dimensional manifold block, three‐dimensional manifold cutting technology is developed. It is important to achieve the coding of mathematical cover (MC) and physical cover (PC) for NMM, which directly determines the correctness of three‐dimensional manifold element generation. Based on the character that the coding of three‐dimensional manifold is the same as two‐dimensional field essentially, coding algorithm of PC system proposed by Dr. Shi is extended to be three‐dimensional. A three‐dimensional manifold cutting program 3D MC.f90 is developed in this paper, which can generate an arbitrary three‐dimensional manifold element under tetrahedral and hexahedral mesh cover. Several examples are made, and results show that three‐dimensional manifold block shape and the coding of manifold node and element generated by three‐dimensional manifold cutting program all agree well with the definition of three‐dimensional manifold element.
Medical Treatments for Endometriosis-Associated Pelvic Pain
Authors: Zito Gabriella , Luppi Stefania , Giolo Elena , Martinelli Monica , Venturin Irene , Di Lorenzo Giovanni , Ricci Giuseppe
Published: August 2014

The main sequelae of endometriosis are represented by infertility and chronic pelvic pain. Chronic pelvic pain causes disability and distress with a very high economic impact. In the last decades, an impressive amount of pharmacological agents have been tested for the treatment of endometriosis-associated pelvic pain. However, only a few of these have been introduced into clinical practice. Following the results of the controlled studies available, to date, the first-line treatment for endometriosis associated pain is still represented by oral contraceptives used continuously. Progestins represent an acceptable alternative. In women with rectovaginal lesions or colorectal endometriosis, norethisterone acetate at low dosage should be preferred. GnRH analogues may be used as second-line treatment, but significant side effects should be taken into account. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are widely used, but there is inconclusive evidence for their efficacy in relieving endometriosis-associated pelvic pain. Other agents such as GnRH antagonist, aromatase inhibitors, immunomodulators, selective progesterone receptor modulators, and histone deacetylase inhibitors seem to be very promising, but there is not enough evidence to support their introduction into routine clinical practice. Some other agents, such as peroxisome proliferator activated receptors-γligands, antiangiogenic agents, and melatonin have been proven to be efficacious in animal studies, but they have not yet been tested in clinical studies.
A Mathematical Analysis of Fractional Fragmentation Dynamics with Growth
Authors: Doungmo Goufo Emile Franc
Published: August 2014

We make use of the theory of strongly continuous solution operators for fractional models together with the subordination principle for fractional evolution equations (Bazhlekova (2000) and Prüss (1993)) to analyze and show existence results for a fractional fragmentation model with growth characterized by its growth rater. Indeed, strange phenomena like the phenomenon of shattering (McGrady and Ziff (1987)) and the sudden appearance of infinite number of particles in some systems with initial finite particles number could not be fully explained by classical models of fragmentation or aggregation. Then, there is an increasing volition to try new approaches and extend classical models to fractional ones. In the growth model, one of the major challenges in the analysis occurs when1/r(x)is integrable atx0≥0, the minimum size of a cell. We restrict our analysis to the case of integrability ofr-1atx0. This case needs more considerations on the boundary condition, which, in this paper, is the McKendrick-von Foerster renewal condition. In the process, some properties of Mittag-Leffler relaxation function Berberan-Santos (2005) are exploited to finally prove that there is a positive solution operator to the full model.
Molecular Changes in Lobular Breast Cancers in Response to Endocrine Therapy
Authors: Arthur Laura M. , Turnbull Arran K. , Webber Victoria L. , Larionov Alexey A. , Renshaw Lorna , Kay Charlene , Thomas Jeremy S. , Dixon J. Michael , Sims Andrew H.
Published: August 2014

Invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) accounts for approximately 10% to 15% of breast carcinomas, and although it responds poorly to neoadjuvant chemotherapy, it appears to respond well to endocrine therapy. Pre- and on-treatment (after 2 weeks and 3 months) biopsies and surgical samples were obtained from 14 postmenopausal women with estrogen receptor–positive (ER+) histologically confirmed ILC who responded to 3 months of neoadjuvant letrozole and were compared with a cohort of 14 responding invasive ductal carcinomas (IDC) matched on clinicopathologic features. RNA was extracted and processed for whole human genome expression microarray. Dynamic clinical response was assessed using periodic three-dimensional ultrasound measurements performed during treatment and defined as a reduction of >70% in tumor volume by 3 months. Pretreatment profiles of ILC and IDC tumors showed distinctive expression of genes associated with E-cadherin signaling, epithelial adhesion, and stromal rearrangement. The changes in gene expression in response to letrozole were highly similar between responding ILC and IDC tumors; genes involved in proliferation were downregulated and those involved with immune function and extracellular matrix remodeling were upregulated. However, molecular differences between the histologic subtypes were maintained upon treatment. This is the first study of molecular changes in ILC in response to endocrine therapy to date. The genes that change on letrozole are highly consistent between ILC and IDC. Differences in gene expression between ILC and IDC at diagnosis are maintained at each time point on treatment. Cancer Res; 74(19); 5371–6. ©2014 AACR.
Response to Chemotherapy, Reexposure to Crizotinib and Treatment with a Novel ALK Inhibitor in a Patient with Acquired Crizotinib Resistance
Authors: Schrödl Kathrin , von Schilling Christoph , Tufman Amanda , Huber Rudolf Maria , Gamarra Fernando
Published: August 2014

The treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has dramatically changed over the last decade. It has developed from an unspecific approach based on platinum doublet chemotherapy to a personalized, molecularly targeted therapy. Crizotinib is a new tyrosine kinase inhibitor approved for the treatment of NSCLC with gene rearrangement of EML4 and ALK. Despite good initial responses, patients treated with crizotinib relapse after an average of 10 months. In this case report, we present a patient with acquired crizotinib resistance whose adenocarcinoma responded to a second course of crizotinib following a drug holiday and chemotherapy with pemetrexed. This is the second case report to suggest that retreatment with crizotinib is an option for patients with initial benefit from ALK inhibition.
Brain Metastases of Her2-Positive Breast Cancer: A Case of 34 Months' Remission with Lapatinib plus Capecitabine
Authors: Mailliez Audrey , Servent Véronique , Bonneterre Jacques , Le Rhun Emilie
Published: August 2014

Breast tumors overexpressing Her2 (15% of breast cancers) are particularly at risk for central nervous system parenchymal metastases. Whole-brain irradiation (WBI) is the standard of care of brain metastases (BM), and secondarily, systemic treatment is used in case of progression. We report the case of a patient with Her2-positive breast tumor with BM developed 10 months after the initial diagnosis of cancer. The BM were initially treated with WBI then trastuzumab before a recurrence occurred, which was controlled during 34 months with lapatinib and capecitabine. The treatment was regularly adjusted according to the tolerance and the efficacy in order to obtain the control of systemic and neurological disease and to maintain the patient's quality of life. Studies on new targeted agents and/or new combinations with chemotherapy are ongoing. This suggests a better efficacy of treatment and an increased survival of patients. However, these patients are sometimes in a very poor general condition. In this case, we show that a good evaluation of efficacy and toxicities may allow an adaptation of the sequence and dose of treatment in order to preserve the response to treatment and the quality of life. Indeed, systemic treatments are available in addition to WBI. Therefore, the objective of the management of BM is twofold: survival and quality of life.
Regression of Dural Arteriovenous Fistulae after Venous Flow Reconstructive Surgery in a Case with Hemangiopericytoma at the Confluence of Sinuses
Authors: Kurisu Kota , Motegi Hiroaki , Osanai Toshiya , Kobayashi Hiroyuki , Terasaka Shunsuke , Houkin Kiyohiro
Published: August 2014

Background: The mechanism by which acquired dural arteriovenous fistula (dAVF) develops is still unclear. Few cases have been reported with both dAVF and intracranial tumors, and in these few cases the authors have proposed that induced venous hypertension may lead to the pathogenesis of dAVF. We experienced a case of intrasinusoidal hemangiopericytoma (HPC) with dAVF development. In addition to its rare pathology and tumor location, this case showed regression of dAVF immediately after tumor removal. Case Report: The patient was a 23-year-old man who developed progressively worse headaches and papilledema. The HPC was located entirely inside the confluence of the sinuses (CoS) and resulted in venous sinus occlusion. Cerebral angiography demonstrated a dAVF located in the straight sinus, upstream of the occluded CoS, which was fed by the dural branch of the posterior cerebral artery. After the endovascular embolization of the tumor feeders, subsequent surgery included venous reconstruction in addition to tumor excision. Although the dAVF was not treated with an endovascular procedure or surgery, postoperative angiography revealed complete disappearance of the dAVF. Conclusion: We conclude that venous reconstructive surgery greatly contributed to the immediate regression of the dAVF. When planning the treatment strategy for such cases, it should be remembered that acquired dAVF may regress due to the normalization of venous hypertension.
An updated checklist of Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera) of the Crimea, Sub-Mediterranean SE Europe
Authors: NAVICKAITĖ ASTA , DIŠKUS ARŪNAS , STONIS JONAS R.
Published: August 2014

This updated checklist is intended to be a collaborative effort by a team of taxonomists to present a hitherto little known diversity of the Nepticulidae of the Crimea. A total of 64 species of Nepticulidae are listed. The following 26 species are recorded for the first time from the Crimea: Stigmella confusella (Wood & Walsingham, 1894), S. tiliae (Frey, 1856), S. microtheriella (Stainton, 1854), S. alnetella (Stainton, 1854), S. glutinosae (Stainton, 1858), S. desperatella (Frey, 1856), S. torminalis (Wood, 1890), S. crataegella (Klimesch, 1936), S. hahniella (Wörz, 1937), S. catharticella (Stainton, 1853), S. malella (Stainton, 1854), S. rhamnella (Herrich-Schäffter, 1860), S. ulmivora (Fologne, 1860), S. trimaculella (Haworth, 1828), S. obliquella (Heinemann, 1862), S. tityrella (Stainton, 1854), S. carpinella (Heinemann, 1862), S. lemniscella (Zeller, 1839), S. plagicolella (Stainton, 1854), S. samiatella (Zeller, 1939), Bohemannia pulverosella (Stainton, 1849), Ectoedemia mahalebella (Klimesch, 1936), Fomoria septembrella (Stainton, 1849), Trifurcula silviae van Nieukerken, 1990, T. macedonica Z. Laštůvka & A. Laštůvka, 1998, T. eurema (Tutt, 1899). One species, Ectoedemia spinosella (Joannis, 1908), is excluded here from the list of the Nepticulidae of the Crimea. Thirty-nine selected species are illustrated with photographs of the leaf-mines, and forty-five species with photographs of genitalia.
A new minute pirate bug of the genus Scoloposcelis (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Anthocoridae) from West Malaysia
Authors: YAMADA KAZUTAKA
Published: August 2014

Scoloposcelis seidaii sp. nov. is described from the Malay Peninsula based on a single specimen collected under the bark of a decaying tree. This discovery represents the first distribution record of the genus Scoloposcelis from Malaysia. Habitus photographs and diagnosis of S. parallela (Motschulsky, 1863) are provided for comparison with S. seidaii.
The Effect of Contaminant Drag Reduction on the Onset and Evolution of Langmuir Circulations
Authors: Basovich A.
Published: August 2014

A new mechanism of instability leading to development of Langmuir circulations is proposed and studied based on the hypothesis that the turbulence and, correspondingly, the eddy viscosity are reduced in regions of higher than average contaminant concentration. Here, bubbles are considered as the contaminant, although it is known that surfactants and some particles also are capable of turbulence reduction. The analysis shows that only a very small local decrease in eddy viscosity is needed to initiate the instability. Simplifications to the momentum and bubble turbulence models, as well as neglect of vertical advection, make it possible to analytically solve the perturbation equations and determine the characteristic scale with the maximum growth rate. The scale of the fastest-growing Langmuir circulations is found to be a function of the concentration of bubbles in the near-surface layer, the surface current shear (wind shear), the Stokes drift created by the surface waves, and the eddy viscosity. In contrast to the results of earlier models, the analysis predicts that the maximum change in the current velocity along the direction of the wind (the so-called jets and wakes) is at the surface, not below it. The ratio of perturbation of along-wind surface current and vertical velocity generated by circulations (the pitch) and the aspect ratio of the Langmuir rolls are in reasonable agreement with the experimental data.
Who is Empowering Who
Authors: Gleason Shane A. , Stout Christopher T.
Published: August 2014

Previous studies of descriptive representation have not been able to overcome the classic endogeniety problem. For example, do Black elected officials cause Blacks to be more empowered? Or are Black politicians only elected in contexts where Blacks are already empowered? We address this shortcoming by utilizing genetic matching and the 1996 National Black Election Study. Genetic matching creates a pseudo-experimental environment where Blacks in districts with Black elected officials are matched with similarly situated Blacks in districts without Black representation. This research design allows us to better assess the causality of descriptive representation and changes in political attitudes. This study provides strong evidence that higher levels of efficacy are a result of descriptive representation, rather than the cause of it. Thus, our study demonstrates Black office-holding at the congressional level empowers the Black electorate.
What Might Bernard Lonergan Say to Bruce Morrill?
Authors: Mudd Joseph C.
Published: August 2014

In his analysis of Monika Hellwig’s and John Paul II’s thought on penance, Bruce Morrill identifies a breakdown of shared meaning in the church. This response introduces Bernard Lonergan into the conversation. If Morrill has identified a collapse of consensus around sacramental reconciliation, Lonergan’s theological anthropology, especially regarding questions related to conversion and authenticity, may provide resources for a renewed ecclesial practice grounded in a restored common meaning.
Reconciliation and the Church: A Response to Bruce Morrill
Authors: Flanagan Brian P.
Published: August 2014

In conversation with Bruce Morrill’s article, the author explores how the fundamental ecclesiologies of Monika Hellwig and John Paul II influence their theologies of the sacrament of penance. John Paul’s ahistorical ecclesiology leads to distress around the collapse of confession and to increased clericalism, and his millennial apologies for ecclesial sins raise further questions regarding collective confession of fault. The author concludes by arguing that the absence of forms of individual and communal reconciliation undermines the church’s mission.
New directions in Jesus studies
Authors: Wallis Ian
Published: August 2014

Insights into how social memory functions within oral communities challenge some of the presuppositions informing established approaches to Gospel exegesis while opening up new ones. Focusing on one saying, ‘Your faith has saved you’, this article attempts to put some of these insights into practice.
Cross-Level Influences of Empowering Leadership on Citizenship Behavior
Authors: Li Ning , Chiaburu Dan S. , Kirkman Bradley L.
Published: August 2014

Using a cross-level design and relying on a contingency approach to understanding empowering leadership, we investigate the mediating role of individual-level psychological empowerment in the cross-level relationship between team-directed empowering leadership and two complementary forms of individual-level citizenship: affiliative organizational citizenship behavior and taking charge. We also investigate the moderating role of organizational support climate in the relationship between empowering leader behavior and these two forms of citizenship. Using data collected from 98 work teams in one large organization in China, in addition to support for the mediating role of psychological empowerment, we found a “double-edged” moderating effect for organizational support climate. For affiliative organizational citizenship behavior, and consistent with reciprocation perspectives posited by social exchange theory, results showed that the highest levels occurred when both empowering leadership behavior and organizational support climate were high. In contrast, for taking charge, and consistent with control theory, results showed that the highest levels occurred when empowering leadership behavior was high but when organizational support climate was low. Our findings highlight the counterintuitive notion that organizational support climate may not always have uniformly positive effects and also reinforce the importance of including both individual and work context factors when attempting to understand cross-level empowering leadership effects.
Factorial Invariance of an Integrated Measure of Classroom Sense of Community in Face-to-Face and Online Courses
Authors: Cho YoonJung , Hathcoat John D. , Bridges Stacey L. , Mathew Susan , Bang Hyeyoung
Published: August 2014

The aim of the present study was to develop a more integrated measure of classroom sense of community (SOC) while testing factorial invariance of the measurement structure across face-to-face and online courses. We incorporated two existing SOC measures to capture both context-specific and context-general characteristics of SOC and developed an integrated scale of classroom SOC with a four-factor structure. Tests of measurement invariance indicated that the new measure of classroom SOC has equivalent patterns of factor loadings, strength of factor loadings, and intercepts across the two course delivery modes, thus making this a viable measure to examine potential differences across these contexts. Latent mean analysis indicated that students in an online course perceived a lower level of SOC.
Odontogenic stimulation of human dental pulp cells with bioactive nanocomposite fiber
Authors: Kim Ga-Hyun , Park Yong-Duk , Lee So-Youn , El-Fiqi Ahmed , Kim Jung-Ju , Lee Eun-Jung , Kim Hae-Won , Kim Eun-Cheol
Published: August 2014

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of a composite nanofibrous matrix made of biopolymer blend polycaprolactone-gelatin (BP) and mesoporous bioactive glass nanoparticles (BGNs) on the odontogenic differentiation of human dental pulp cells (HDPCs). BGN-BP nanomatrices, with BGN content of up to 20 wt%, were produced via electrospinning. The differentiation of the HDPCs was evaluated by using an ALP activity assay, calcified nodule formation, and mRNA expression for markers. Integrin and its underlying signal pathways were assessed via reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis. Although cell growth and attachment on the BGN-BP nanomatrix was similar to that on BP, ALP activity, mineralized nodule formation, and mRNA, expressions involving ALP, osteocalcin, osteopontin, dentin sialophosphoprotein, and dentin matrix protein-1 were greater on BGN-BP. BGN-BP upregulated the key adhesion receptors (integrin components α1, α2, α5, and β1) and activated integrin downstream pathways, such as phosphorylated-focal adhesion kinase (p-FAK), and p-paxillin. In addition, BGN-BP activated BMP receptors, BMP-2 mRNA, and p-Smad 1/5/8, and such activation was blocked by the BMP antagonist, noggin. Furthermore, BGN-BP induced phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase, protein kinase 38, and c-Jun-N-terminal kinase mitogen-activated protein kinases and activated expression of the transcription factors Runx2 and Osterix in HDPCs. Collectively, the results indicated for the first time that a BGN-BP composite nanomatrix promoted odontogenic differentiation of HDPCs through the integrin, BMP, and mitogen-activated protein kinases signaling pathway. Moreover, the nanomatrix is considered to be promising scaffolds for the culture of HDPCs and dental tissue engineering.
The Influence of Cognitive Decline on Rural Identity
Authors: Eisenhauer Christine M. , Pullen Carol H. , Hunter Jennifer L. , Nelson Terry
Published: August 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the perspectives of community-dwelling rural, older women concerning the meaning of cognitive decline and to ascertain how cognitive decline affects their lives and the lives of those around them. Design: An ethnographic design guided 1 year of cultural immersion in a rural, farming county in Nebraska. Method: Four life history interviews, participant observations, field notes, and cultural artifacts were collected for case-focused analysis. Findings: Cognitive decline was believed to threaten one’s social identity as a “good woman” because of three strongly held beliefs that (1) the rural lifestyle protected health, (2) demands of the farm were more important than personal health needs, and (3) mainstream health care services were unnatural and insensitive, and therefore best avoided. Using mainstream health care also resulted in the loss of informal social support, which existed as a protective social silence and helped sustain older women’s rural identity. The older women feared developing cognitive decline and believed the loss of one’s life purpose would be the outcome of the condition. Conclusions: Holistic nursing actions that preserve older women’s rural identity and social support may increase the likelihood that women accept rural health care aimed at treating cognitive decline.
Development of processing methodologies used to form complete driving-cycle dynamometer tests based on urban on-road driving and road gradient data
Authors: Tzirakis Evangelos , Zannikos Fanourios
Published: August 2014

This work involves the development of ‘real-world’ driving cycles using on-road data from the greater area of Athens, Greece. Two different methodologies of driving-cycle development are presented here, based on the MATLAB code. Driving patterns from various test vehicles were processed to form driving cycles consisting of a specific number of driving periods. The main criterion for the design and acceptance of each method was the correlation of the resulting driving cycles with the corresponding characteristics of the processed road data. Time is an important issue when processing data. Applying the same set of data to both methods, method A needed 5 h to complete the processing compared with 9 s for method B. The corresponding average accuracies were 99.9% and 97.2% respectively. The road gradient was taken into account for the development of the driving cycles. For method A, the road gradient was included in the final result by intervening in the mean positive accelerations and the mean negative accelerations. Those were increased by 11.99% and 16.06% respectively for the Greek Urban Driving Cycle for Motorcycles. For method B, the road gradient was assimilated by a ‘load cycle’ expressed in kilowatts and used in combination with the developed driving cycle, thus forming a complete chassis dynamometer test. The load cycle was produced by calculating the power related to the vehicle’s mass that holds or assists it when driving uphill or downhill. The Greek Urban Driving Cycle for Motorcycles was developed using method A. Its characteristics include the follwoing: a duration of 822 s, an average speed of 28.86 km/h, a stop-time percentage of 12.04 and a positive acceleration of 0.6065 m/s2. Method B was used for the Greek Urban Driving Cycle for passenger cars. Some of its characteristics include the following: a duration of 1175 s, an average speed of 18.67 km/h, a stop-time percentage of 31.66 and a positive acceleration of 0.692 m/s2.
Audience responses to television news coverage of medical advances: The mediating role of audience emotions and identification
Authors: Hong Hyehyun
Published: August 2014

Exemplifying a real person in news stories has become a popular journalistic technique to describe an event or issue. With the frequent appearance of medical news reports in local television in recent years, this news presentation style is widely believed to help audiences better engage in and understand complex medical information and to influence their perceptions and judgments. In terms of television news coverage of medical advances, this study investigates how audiences respond to embedded human examples (mainly patients who experience benefits from the advances) and to overall news stories, and how such responses are related to their perception of portrayed medical advances. The experimental results indicate that news stories with a human example were more likely to intensify the audience’s positive emotions than those without, which in turn influenced favorable perceptions of the described medical advance. In addition, the extent to which the audience identified with a human example (in particular, sympathy) mediated the relationship between the audience’s involvement in the news story and its perception of the portrayed medical advance.
‘Am I supposed to say how shocked I was?’ Audience responses to Mad Men
Authors: Agirre Katixa
Published: August 2014

This essay is the result of an audience research study of the US television series Mad Men. Based on the assumption that there is a postfeminist sensibility embedded within the show, the study uses data drawn from focus groups and email questionnaires with US, UK and Spanish viewers of Mad Men, to determine to what extent this sensibility is felt and shared – if at all – by different viewers. The essay concludes that the postfeminist sensibility might be an entrance gate to the show, but later engagement with the series differs, especially with regard to gender. Although the postfeminist spirit might have feminist consequences in female viewers’ interpretations, male viewers tend to read the show in more unproblematic ways. On the other hand, national distinctions have turned out to be very slight.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in settled dust particles in selected Ghanaian environments: Levels, source characterization, and assessment of inhalational health risks
Authors: Essumang D. K. , Ofori J. , Dodoo D. K. , Adjei J. K.
Published: August 2014

Deposited total particulate matter samples were collected from 10 indoor sites within the Cape Coast and Komenda Edina Eguafo Abrem Municipalities of Ghana and analysed for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) using a Varian Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS) system with 8400 auto-sampler. Quality control analysis using National Institute of Standards and Technology Standard Reference Material 1941B gave the PAH recoveries of 80.5% or better. The concentrations of the various individual PAHs in the particulate matter ranged from below detection limits to 3240 µg/kg. The results compared well with a similar study carried out in Palermo, Italy, which had concentrations between 0.01 and 25838.0 µg/kg. Assessment of their sources showed the emission of PAHs was from both combustion and petroleum sources. The cancer risk level for the various sites ranged between 2.6 × 10–7 and 3.6 × 10–4 with the upper limit being higher than the acceptable level of 10–5. The mutagenic risk levels of the PAHs in the air particulate matter collected from various sites also ranged from 2.0 × 10−6 to 3.3 × 10−4, showing certain levels of health risks. This study suggests that indoor air pollution, which has been relegated in most developing countries, should be taken seriously.
Vomiting Larry: a simulated vomiting system for assessing environmental contamination from projectile vomiting related to norovirus infection
Authors: Makison Booth Catherine
Published: August 2014

Infectious diseases such as norovirus can induce emesis (vomiting), which can be of a projectile nature. Although studies have been carried out on transmission, prevalence and decontamination of such micro-organisms within various environments, little is known about the extent to which the surrounding environment is contaminated when an individual vomits. This is an important consideration for infection control purposes. The aim of this study was to develop a simulated vomiting system (Vomiting Larry) to be used for assessing the extent to which projected fluid can contaminate the environment. Vomiting Larry was set up within a Controlled Atmosphere Chamber (CAC) facility at the Health and Safety Laboratory (HSL). Simulated vomiting was undertaken using water as a vomitus substitute containing a fluorescent marker enabling small splashes, ordinarily missed, to be visualised using UV lighting. Experiments revealed that splashes and droplets produced during an episode of projectile vomiting can travel great distances (>3 m forward spread and 2.6 m lateral spread). The research highlighted that small droplets can be hard to see and therefore cleaning all contaminated surfaces is difficult to achieve. Evidence from this study suggests that areas of at least 7.8 m2 should be decontaminated following an episode of projectile vomiting.