bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Probable Case of Acute Childhood Leukemia: Skeletal Involvement, Differential Diagnosis, and the Bioarchaeology of Cancer in South America
Authors: Klaus H. D.
Published: July 2014

Cancer involves a complex spectrum of disease conditions. However, cancer has received relatively limited attention in paleopathology and bioarchaeology as it is infrequently encountered in the skeletal record, and its differential diagnosis in dry bone remains challenging. Of all neoplastic disorders, one of the most infrequently described forms in ancient skeletons is leukemia, or the myeloproliferative neoplasms of the reticuloendothelial system affecting bone marrow and blood. This case study describes and interprets a suite of lytic and proliferative lesions in the skeletal remains of an Early/Middle Colonial‐era child (ca. A.D. 1533–1620) excavated at the ruins of Eten, southwestern Lambayeque Valley Complex (north coast of Peru). A secondary burial contained the incomplete postcranial remains of a 5–6 year‐old child whose bones were characterized by abnormal porous loci in the right clavicle, scapulae, long bones of the upper limb, ribs, and thoracic and lumbar vertebrae. Additionally, fine areas of new bone formation were present on the clavicle and ribs. Multiple pathological conditions were evaluated in a differential diagnosis, including taphonomic changes and various bone resorbing and forming disorders. The lesions are most consistent with acute childhood leukemia and represent the first of its kind described in Andean South America. The identification of this condition helps focus research questions involving the bioarchaeology of cancer in the Andes, especially regarding the significance of neoplastic disorders in relation to the broader reconstruction of past human health in Peru. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Unendliche Spiegelfechtereien
Authors: Ucke Christian , Schlichting Hans Joachim
Published: July 2014

Mit Spiegeln lassen sich überraschende Effekte erzielen. Zwei gegenüberstehende Spiegel erzeugen Vielfachreflexionen mit enormer Tiefenwirkung. Lichtkünstler kreieren auf diese Weise reizvolle Designobjekte. Bei normalen Glasspiegeln mit rückwärtiger Verspiegelung kann man Mehrfachbilder in der Glasschicht selbst beobachten. In einem begehbaren Dreieck mit Spiegeln oder in Spiegellabyrinthen irritieren unendlich viele Mehrfachreflexionen die Wahrnehmung. Mit leicht erhältlichen Materialien lassen sich derartige Aufbauten auch in kleinerem Maßstab realisieren.
Antimaterie im freien Fall
Authors: Haslinger Philipp , Müller Holger
Published: July 2014

Nach dem schwachen Äquivalenzprinzip müssen sämtliche massebehafteten Objekte unabhängig von ihren sonstigen Eigenschaften dieselbe Fallbeschleunigung besitzen. Dieses Prinzip, das die Grundlage der Allgemeinen Relativitätstheorie bildet, gilt auch für Antimaterie. Für unterschiedliche Elemente wurde das Äquivalenzprinzip mit sehr hoher Genauigkeit bestätigt. Nun bietet sich zum ersten Mal die Möglichkeit, diese Theorie für neutrale Antimaterie direkt zu testen. Eine kürzlich erschienene Veröffentlichung beschreibt einen speziellen experimentellen Aufbau, mit dem sich die Fallbeschleunigung von Antiwasserstoff‐Atomen interferometrisch vermessen lässt.
Wirbel, Knoten, Vortices
Authors: Loos Andreas
Published: July 2014

In der Schule ist er Klassenbester – wegen seiner Leistungen in klassischer Bildung. Naturwissenschaften oder Mathematik sind für ihn in der Jugend zweitrangig. Das ändert sich erst an der Universität: Hier steigt er auf Physik um und schafft es bis zum Senior Wrangler, dem “Klassenbesten” im berühmten Mathematiktest für die Undergraduates in Cambridge, dem Tripos.
Seitan: elastisch und schmackhaft
Authors: Vilgis Thomas
Published: July 2014

Das Eiweiß des Weizens, Gluten, ist eines der längsten natürlichen Eiweißmoleküle und birgt Eigenschaften, die von Kautschuk und Kunststoffen bekannt sind: hohe Elastizität und außergewöhnliche Dehnbarkeit. Das eröffnet beispielsweise der veganen Küche viele Möglichkeiten, wie das Experimentieren mit der japanischen Spezialität Seitan.
Supramolecular assemblies of azobenzene‐β‐cyclodextrin dimers and azobenzene modified polycaprolactones
Authors: Ma Hengchang , Wang Feng , Li Wenfeng , Ma Yuan , Yao Xiaoqiang , Lu Dedai , Yang Yaoxia , Zhang Zhe , Lei Ziqiang
Published: July 2014

Click chemistry is employed to couple two β‐cyclodextrins at both ends of azobenzene moiety yielding dumbbell‐shaped amphiphiles (AZO‐β‐CD dimer) constructed by rigid aromatic building blocks as “body”, and hydrophilic cyclodextrins as “head” with almost quantitative yield and purity. Bulk aggregates formed by the self‐assembly of the supraamphiphiles through π–π stacking and hydrophobic effect are observed. Meanwhile, the rationally designed polyesters, named as AZO‐PCL with controllable molecular weights and low polydispersities, are successfully synthesized by ring‐opening polymerization of ε‐caprolactone in the presence of p‐aminoazobenzene as initiator. In the aqueous phase, very stable spherical particles are formed by host–guest interactions between AZO‐β‐CD and AZO‐PCLs; the spherical aggregates inherit the photo‐responsiveness of azobenzene. The detailed aggregation and disaggregation behaviors are fully investigated by TEM, SEM, NMR, 2D NOESY, IR, UV and XRD measurements. Compared to the previous works, our newly developed system can be fabricated with more readily manners, avoiding tedious synthetic process; the reversible and dynamic nature of the non‐covalent interactions also can be modulated alternatively by UV or visible light. Thus, such dumbbell‐shaped supra‐amphiphiles are of great potential applications in the controlled delivery systems. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
SERS Platforms of Plasmonic Hydrophobic Surfaces for Analyte Concentration: Hierarchically Assembled Gold Nanorods on Anodized Aluminum
Authors: Tebbe Moritz , Cherepanov Pavel , Skorb Ekaterina V. , Poznyak Sergey K. , de Abajo Javier García , Fery Andreas , Andreeva Daria V. , Puebla Ramon A. Alvarez , Pazos‐Perez Nicolas
Published: July 2014

Efficient and homogeneous surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates are usually prepared using lithographic approaches, physical evaporation, or in situ chemical reduction. However, these approaches are time‐consuming, expensive, and very difficult to upscale. Alternatively, template‐assisted approaches using colloidal suspensions of preformed nanoparticles have become more popular because of their low cost, fast production, and ability to be scaled up easily. One of the limitations of these methods is the dimensions of the structured surfaces. In this context, a new method for designing low‐cost, up‐scalable surface patterns that match building block dimensionality based on anodization of aluminum, enabling a hierarchical organization of anisotropic nanoparticles, is presented. The proposed new technology starts with anodized aluminum oxide with regular parallel linear periodicities. To produce a highly efficient plasmonic surface, gold nanorods are assembled into parallel lines where the long axes of the Au rods are also oriented along the substrate lines, thus inducing reproducible tip‐to‐tip plasmonic coupling with the corresponding generation of highly active hotspots. Additionally, this advanced material presents an inherent hydrophobicity that can be exploited as a method for concentration of analytes on the surface. SERS detection is demonstrated with benzenethiol and 2‐naphtoic acid.
Analysis of incidence and prognosis from ‘extreme’ case‐control designs
Authors: Salim Agus , Ma Xiangmei , Fall Katja , Andrén Ove , Reilly Marie
Published: July 2014

The significant investment in measuring biomarkers has prompted investigators to improve cost‐efficiency by sub‐sampling in non‐standard study designs. For example, investigators studying prognosis may assume that any differences in biomarkers are likely to be most apparent in an extreme sample of the earliest deaths and the longest‐surviving controls. Simple logistic regression analysis of such data does not exploit the information available in the survival time, and statistical methods that model the sampling scheme may be more efficient. We derive likelihood equations that reflect the complex sampling scheme in unmatched and matched ‘extreme’ case‐control designs. We investigated the performance and power of the method in simulation experiments, with a range of underlying hazard ratios and study sizes. Our proposed method resulted in hazard ratio estimates close to those obtained from the full cohort. The standard error estimates also performed well when compared with the empirical variance. In an application to a study investigating markers for lethal prostate cancer, an extreme case‐control sample of lethal cases and the longest‐surviving controls provided estimates of the effect of Gleason score in close agreement with analysis of all the data. By using the information in the sampling design, our method enables efficient and valid estimation of the underlying hazard ratio from a study design that is intuitive and easily implemented. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Amino‐polyvinyl Alcohol Coated Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles are Suitable for Monitoring of Human Mesenchymal Stromal Cells In Vivo
Authors: Schulze Frank , Dienelt Anke , Geissler Sven , Zaslansky Paul , Schoon Janosch , Henzler Katja , Guttmann Peter , Gramoun Azza , Crowe Lindsey A. , Maurizi Lionel , Vallée Jean‐Paul , Hofmann Heinrich , Duda Georg N. , Ode Andrea
Published: July 2014

Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are promising candidates in regenerative cell‐therapies. However, optimizing their number and route of delivery remains a critical issue, which can be addressed by monitoring the MSCs’ bio‐distribution in vivo using super‐paramagnetic iron‐oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs). In this study, amino‐polyvinyl alcohol coated (A‐PVA) SPIONs are introduced for cell‐labeling and visualization by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of human MSCs. Size and surface charge of A‐PVA‐SPIONs differ depending on their solvent. Under MSC‐labeling conditions, A‐PVA‐SPIONs have a hydrodynamic diameter of 42 ± 2 nm and a negative Zeta potential of 25 ± 5 mV, which enable efficient internalization by MSCs without the need to use transfection agents. Transmission X‐ray microscopy localizes A‐PVA‐SPIONs in intracellular vesicles and as cytosolic single particles. After identifying non‐interfering cell‐assays and determining the delivered and cellular dose, in addition to the administered dose, A‐PVA‐SPIONs are found to be non‐toxic to MSCs and non‐destructive towards their multi‐lineage differentiation potential. Surprisingly, MSC migration is increased. In MRI, A‐PVA‐SPION‐labeled MSCs are successfully visualized in vitro and in vivo. In conclusion, A‐PVA‐SPIONs have no unfavorable influences on MSCs, although it becomes evident how sensitive their functional behavior is towards SPION‐labeling. And A‐PVA‐SPIONs allow MSC‐monitoring in vivo.
The politics of Amazonian deforestation: environmental policy and climate change knowledge
Authors: Monteiro Marko S. A. , Seixas Sonia Regina da Cal , Vieira Simone Aparecida
Published: July 2014

This article reviews literature on the science and politics of deforestation in the Amazon from 1970 until today, focusing on their shifting meanings and the increasing relevance of climate change knowledge to their understanding and management. Since large‐scale colonization of the region began in the 1970s, the debate on deforestation has been crucial in disputes involving science, development, and the environment. In the last decade, the issue of climate change has become more present in the science, politics, and policies related to deforestation in the Amazon. This debate has helped shift discussions on both the environmental and the development agenda for the region. Although there is a broad agreement that the Amazon is being increasingly integrated into global fluxes of knowledge, goods, and people, not all view this process under the same light. The review concludes that scientific views help condition the development of changing policy arrangements aimed at curbing deforestation, and the incorporation of climate change knowledge is an important aspect of the dynamics of environmental policies in the region. WIREs Clim Change 2014, 5:689–701. doi: 10.1002/wcc.298

This article is categorized under:

Social Status of Climate Change Knowledge > Knowledge and Practice
Kinetic solvent isotope effect in steady‐state turnover by CYP19A1 suggests involvement of Compound 1 for both hydroxylation and aromatization steps
Authors: Khatri Yogan , Luthra Abhinav , Duggal Ruchia , Sligar Stephen G.
Published: July 2014

CYP19A1, or human aromatase catalyzes the conversion of androgens to estrogens in a three‐step reaction through the formation of 19‐hydroxy and 19‐aldehyde intermediates. While the first two steps of hydroxylation are thought to proceed through a high‐valent iron‐oxo species, controversy exists surrounding the identity of the reaction intermediate that catalyzes the lyase and aromatization reaction. We investigated the kinetic isotope effect on the steady‐state turnover of Nanodisc‐incorporated human CYP19A1 to explore the mechanisms of this reaction. Our experiments reveal a significant (∼2.5) kinetic solvent isotope effect for the C10–C19 lyase reaction, similar to that of the first two hydroxylation steps (2.7 and 1.2). These data implicate the involvement of Compound 1 as a reactive intermediate in the final aromatization step of CYP19A1.
Atomic force microscopy (AFM) imaging suggests that stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) binds to Orai1 with sixfold symmetry
Authors: Balasuriya Dilshan , Srivats Shyam , Murrell-Lagnado Ruth D. , Edwardson J. Michael
Published: July 2014

Depletion of Ca2+ from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) lumen triggers the opening of Ca2+ release‐activated Ca2+ (CRAC) channels at the plasma membrane. CRAC channels are activated by stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1), an ER resident protein that senses Ca2+ store depletion and interacts with Orai1, the pore‐forming subunit of the channel. The subunit stoichiometry of the CRAC channel is controversial. Here we provide evidence, using atomic force microscopy (AFM) imaging, that Orai1 assembles as a hexamer, and that STIM1 binds to Orai1 with sixfold symmetry. STIM1 associates with Orai1 in the form of monomers, dimers, and multimeric string‐like structures that form links between the Orai1 hexamers. Our results provide new insights into the nature of the interactions between STIM1 and Orai1.
Gatekeeper tyrosine phosphorylation is autoinhibitory for Symbiosis Receptor Kinase
Authors: Paul Anindita , Samaddar Sandip , Bhattacharya Avisek , Banerjee Anindyajit , Das Abhishek , Chakrabarti Saikat , DasGupta Maitrayee
Published: July 2014

Plant receptor‐like kinases (RLKs) are distinguished by having a tyrosine in the ‘gatekeeper’ position. Previously we reported Symbiosis Receptor Kinase from Arachis hypogaea (AhSYMRK) to autophosphorylate on the gatekeeper tyrosine (Y670), though this phosphorylation was not necessary for the kinase activity. Here we report that recombinant catalytic domain of AhSYMRK with a phosphomimic substitution in the gatekeeper position (Y670E) is catalytically almost inactive and is conformationally quite distinct from the corresponding native enzyme. Additionally, we show that gatekeeper‐phosphorylated AhSYMRK polypeptides are inactive and depletion of this inactive form leads to activation of intramolecular autophosphorylation of AhSYMRK. Together, our results suggest gatekeeper tyrosine autophosphorylation to be autoinhibitory for AhSYMRK.
The association of thromboxane A2 receptor with lipid rafts is a determinant for platelet functional responses
Authors: Moscardó A. , Vallés J. , Latorre A. , Santos M.T.
Published: July 2014

We have investigated the presence of thromboxane A2 (TXA2) receptor associated with lipid rafts in human platelets and the regulation of platelet function in response to TXA2 receptor agonists when lipid rafts are disrupted by cholesterol extraction. Platelet aggregation with TXA2 analogs U46619 and IBOP was almost blunted in cholesterol‐depleted platelets, as well as αIIbβ3 integrin activation and P‐selectin exposure. Raft disruption also inhibited TXA2‐induced cytosolic calcium increase and nucleotide release, ruling out an implication of P2Y12 receptor. An important proportion of TXA2 receptor (40%) was colocalized at lipid rafts. The presence of the TXA2 receptor associated with lipid rafts in platelets is important for functional platelet responses to TXA2.
Mucinous adenocarcinoma arising from recurrent perianal fistula in patient with Crohn's disease: case report
Authors: de Alencar Suelene Suassuna Silvestre , Corrêa Romualdo da Silva , Bezerra Cátia de França , Alencar Marcelo José Carlos , Nunes Cristiana Soares , da Costa Davi Aragão Alves , de Menezes Emanuela Simone Cunha , do Nascimento Antonio Luiz
Published: July 2014

Introduction Anal carcinoma is a rare variant of epithelial tumors of the anal canal. When associated with chronic and active anal fistulas, usually this is an aggressive cancer that has difficult diagnosis and poor prognosis. Anal fistulas are a common manifestation of Crohn's disease (CD). This study aims to report a case of mucinous adenocarcinoma originating from recurrent perianal fistula in patients with CD.

Case report A man of 43 years, with melanoderma, complaining of perianal tumors, anal pain and mucopurulent secretion, the patient was diagnosed with fistulae. Colonoscopy revealed a chronic inflammatory process associated with villous polypoid lesion in the colonic and rectal mucosa. In a new episode, where it was diagnosed, chronic colitis of rectum and sigmoid was being prescribed sulfasalazine with improvement. There were relapses and the patient underwent repeated fistulectomias. After investigation, CD was diagnosed. Computed tomography (CT) of abdomen and pelvis showed multiple perineal and gluteal collections, and the patient underwent abdominoperineal resection of the rectum. Anatomopathological exam showed invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma. A new CT showed residual growth of the lesion. The patient was referred to the oncology referral service, where chemotherapy and radiotherapy were planned. The patient developed unfavorably, and his death occurred two months after treatment.
To have in order to do: Exploring the effects of consuming experiential products on well‐being
Authors: Guevarra Darwin A. , Howell Ryan T.
Published: July 2014

The experience recommendation – if you want to be happier, buy life experiences instead of material items – is supported in empirical research. However, this evidence is primarily based on the dichotomous comparison of material items and life experiences. The goal of this article is to examine the effects of consuming experiential products – purchases that fall between material items and life experiences – on well‐being. Study 1 and Study 2 demonstrate that experiential products provide similar levels of well‐being compared to life experiences and more well‐being than material items. Study 3 replicates this finding for purchases that turn out well. In addition, Study 3 shows experiential products, when compared to life experiences, lead to more feelings of competence but less feelings of relatedness, which explains why these two purchases result in similar levels of well‐being. We discuss why experiential products and life experiences lead to psychological need satisfaction and how our results support the Positive‐Activity Model, Self‐Determination Theory, and Holbrook and Hirschman's hedonic consumption framework.
Contralateral Antalgic Effect of High‐Frequency Transcutaneous Peripheral Nerve Stimulation
Authors: Buonocore Michelangelo , Camuzzini Nereo , Dall'Angelo Anna , Mandrini Silvia , Dalla Toffola Elena
Published: July 2014

Objective

To investigate the analgesic effect of high‐frequency transcutaneous peripheral nerve stimulation (HF‐TPNS) in the ipsilateral and contralateral skin territory of the stimulated nerve.

Design

Prospective, cross‐over study.

Setting

Clinical neurophysiology unit, institutional care, rehabilitation center.

Participants

Ten healthy volunteers (5 male, 5 female).

Methods

Participants underwent 3 different sessions. In the first, heat pain thresholds (HPTs) were measured on the left dorsal hand skin without stimulation; in the second and third sessions, HPTs were measured, respectively, in the territory of the left and right radial nerve before, during, and after an electrical stimulation (10 minutes, 100 Hz, 0.1 ms) of the left superficial radial nerve.

Main Outcome Measurement

Heat pain threshold.

Results

An increase of HPTs was observed in the skin territory of both right and left radial nerve during and after the left radial nerve stimulation.

Conclusion

The present study demonstrates an analgesic effect of HF‐TPNS not only in the ipsilateral but also in the contralateral side of stimulation, suggesting a possible role of contralateral HF‐TPNS in the treatment by physical therapy of patients with unilateral pain syndromes.
Dynamics of liquid films on vertical fibres in a radial electric field
Authors: Ding Zijing , Xie Jinlong , Wong Teck Neng , Liu Rong
Published: July 2014

The long-wave behaviour of perfectly conducting liquid films flowing down a vertical fibre in a radial electric field was investigated by an asymptotic model. The validity of the asymptotic model was verified by the fully linearized problem, which showed that results were in good agreement in the long-wave region. The linear stability analysis indicated that, when the ratio (the radius of the outer cylindrical electrode over the radius of the liquid film) $\def \xmlpi #1{}\def \mathsfbi #1{\boldsymbol {\mathsf {#1}}}\let \le =\leqslant \let \leq =\leqslant \let \ge =\geqslant \let \geq =\geqslant \def \Pr {\mathit {Pr}}\def \Fr {\mathit {Fr}}\def \Rey {\mathit {Re}}\beta e$, the electric field impeded the long-wave instability; when $\beta =e$, the electric field did not affect the long-wave instability. The nonlinear evolution study of the asymptotic model compared well with the linear theory when $\beta e$, the nonlinear evolution studies showed that the influence of the electric field on the nonlinear behaviour of the interface was complex. The electric field either enhanced or impeded the interfacial instability. In addition, an interesting phenomenon was observed by the nonlinear evolution study that the electric field may cause an oscillation in the amplitude of permanent waves when $\beta \ge e$. Further study on steady travelling waves was conducted to reveal the influence of electric field on the wave speed. Results showed that the electric field either increased or decreased the wave speed as well as the wave amplitude and flow rate. In some situations, the wave speed may increase/decrease while its amplitude decreased/increased as the strength of the external electric field increased.
Directed self-assembly of polypeptide-engineered physical microgels for building porous cell-laden hydrogels
Authors: Yao Ming-Hao , Yang Jie , Song Ji-Tao , Zhao Dong-Hui , Du Ming-Shuo , Zhao Yuan-Di , Liu Bo
Published: July 2014

A novel kind of porous cell-laden construct is reported, which is formed by directed self-assembly of polypeptide-engineered physical microgels. Both the microenvironment of microgels and porosity of assembled constructs can be tailored simultaneously.
Energy level alignment in TiO2/metal sulfide/polymer interfaces for solar cell applications
Authors: Lindblad Rebecka , Cappel Ute B. , O'Mahony Flannan T. F. , Siegbahn Hans , Johansson Erik M. J. , Haque Saif A. , Rensmo Håkan
Published: July 2014

The experimental energy level alignment has been determined for complete TiO2/metal sulfide/polymer interfaces using photoelectron spectroscopy and the results are compared to the function of solar cells.
Doping of rhenium disulfide monolayers: a systematic first principles study
Authors: Çakır Deniz , Sahin Hasan , Peeters François M.
Published: July 2014

The absence of a direct-to-indirect band gap transition in ReS2 when going from the monolayer to bulk makes it special among the other semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenides.
Depth profile studies on nickel rich cathode material surfaces after cycling with an electrolyte containing vinylene carbonate at elevated temperature
Authors: Lee Won Jong , Prasanna K. , Jo Yong Nam , Kim Ki Jae , Kim Hong Shin , Lee Chang Woo
Published: July 2014

Schematic illustrations of the postulated formation process of surface protective layers when VC was added to the electrolyte.
Emerging strategies for breaking the 3D amorphous network of lignin
Authors: Dutta Saikat , Wu Kevin C.-W. , Saha Basudeb
Published: July 2014

This perspective encompasses the emerging trends and developments for breaking lignin by depolymerization and upgrading to aromatic monomers via deoxygenation, enzymatic oxidation strategies and carbonization.
Effect of a Ru(ii) polypyridyl complex [Ru(bpy)2(mdpz)]2+on the stabilization of the RNA triplex poly(U)·poly(A)*poly(U)
Authors: He Xiaojun , Li Jia , Zhang Hong , Tan Lifeng
Published: July 2014

The interaction of Ru1with the triplex RNA poly(U)·poly(A)*poly(U) has been studied by various biophysical techniques. The results obtained here indicate that Ru1may act as a sensitive luminescent probe for poly(U)·poly(A)*poly(U) in solution and can obviously stabilize the Hoogsteen base-paired third strand of the triplex.
Strong and tough micro/nanostructured poly(lactic acid) by mimicking the multifunctional hierarchy of shell
Authors: Xu Huan , Xie Lan , Chen Jing-Bin , Jiang Xin , Hsiao Benjamin S. , Zhong Gan-Ji , Fu Qiang , Li Zhong-Ming
Published: July 2014

The present work discloses a bioinspired methodology for the unprecedented achievement of simultaneously strong, tough and stiff PLA.
Self-ordering of small-diameter metal nanoparticles by dewetting on hexagonal mesh templates
Authors: Meshot Eric R. , Zhao Zhouzhou , Lu Wei , Hart A. John
Published: July 2014

Self-ordered arrays of metal nanoparticles smaller than 20 nm are formed by dewetting thin films on hexagonal mesh substrates.
Waveguide based energy transfer with gold nanoclusters for detection of hydrogen peroxide
Authors: Lin T. N. , Chang Y. L. , Shu G. W. , Yuan C. T. , Shen J. L. , Chiu C. H. , Kuo H. C. , Lin C. A. J. , Chang W. H. , Wang H. H. , Su C. H. , Yeh H. I.
Published: July 2014

Detection of hydrogen peroxide by using fluorescence resonance energy transfer from InGaN quantum wells to Au nanoclusters via optical waveguiding has been demonstrated. This technique provides a new strategy for the visual detection of H2O2 with large-area analysis.
Molecular dynamics simulation of energy migration between tryptophan residues in apoflavodoxin
Authors: Nunthaboot Nadtanet , Tanaka Fumio , Kokpol Sirirat , Visser Nina V. , van Amerongen Herbert , Visser Antonie J. W. G.
Published: July 2014

By performing molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of apoflavodoxin over the same timescale as fluorescence anisotropy decay measurements, the anisotropy model of two unidirectional FRET steps from two tryptophan residues to a third one can be reproduced from the tryptophan atomic coordinates in the MD trajectory.
Improving the esterification activity of Pseudomonas fluorescens and Burkholderia cepacia lipases via cross-linked cyclodextrin immobilization
Authors: Junior Ivaldo I. , Calcio Gaudino Emanuela , Martina Katia , Cravotto Giancarlo , Luque Rafael , de Souza Rodrigo O. M. A.
Published: July 2014

Improving activities: solid cross-linked β-cyclodextrin enzymes can remarkably improve thermal stability and enzyme activity as compared to commercial immobilized enzymes in esterification reactions (e.g., monostearin synthesis).
Preparation of confined Ru-iongel catalysts and their application for a low temperature water–gas shift reaction
Authors: Huang Ting , Liu Bing , Zhang Zehui , Zhang Yuhua , Li Jinlin
Published: July 2014

The iongel catalyst showed higher catalytic activity and stability than the supported catalyst for the water–gas shift reaction.
The structural change of graphene oxide in a methanol dispersion
Authors: Pendolino Flavio , Capurso Giovanni , Maddalena Amedeo , Lo Russo Sergio
Published: July 2014

The structural change of graphene oxide due to the influence of the polar solvent,i.e.methanol and water, which affects the functionalization of the graphene basal plane, is presented.
Synthesis, characterization and application of uranyl ion imprinted polymers of aniline and 8-hydroxy quinoline functionalized aniline
Authors: Milja T. E. , Krupa V. S. , Rao T. P.
Published: July 2014

Imprinted homopolymer of uranyl ion with aniline (IPAN) and imprinted copolymer with aniline and 8-hydroxyquinoline functionalized aniline (IFPAN) were synthesized. These polymers upon leaching, (IPAN_L and IFPAN_L), give materials suitable for rebinding of uranyl ion selectively from aqueous samples.
Electrostatic modification of the lipopolysaccharide layer: competing effects of divalent cations and polycationic or polyanionic molecules
Authors: Lam Norman H. , Ma Zheng , Ha Bae-Yeun
Published: July 2014

Electrostatic modification of outer membrane permeability. At high concentrations, Mg2+ions tighten and stabilize the outer LPS layer (upper panel). Under different conditions, cationic molecules (e.g., antimicrobial peptides) and EDTA can displace Mg2+ions from the LPS layer, permeabilizing the outer membrane (lower panel).
Identifying pseudocapacitance of Fe2O3 in an ionic liquid and its application in asymmetric supercapacitors
Authors: Sun Shixiong , Lang Junwei , Wang Rutao , Kong Lingbin , Li Xiaocheng , Yan Xingbin
Published: July 2014

We identify the pseudocapacitive behaviour of Fe2O3 in an ionic liquid electrolyte, and build high-performance asymmetric supercapacitors by utilizing such pseudocapacitance.
Ti–SrO metal matrix composites for bone implant materials
Authors: Wang Yu , Wong Cynthia , Wen Cuie , Hodgson Peter , Li Yuncang
Published: July 2014

Titanium–strontia (Ti–SrO) metal matrix composites (MMCs) with 1, 3 and 5% (weight ratio) of SrO have been fabricated through the powder metallurgy method.
Rapidly patterning conductive components on skin substrates as physiological testing devices via liquid metal spraying and pre-designed mask
Authors: Guo Cangran , Yu Yang , Liu Jing
Published: July 2014

Spray-printing and pre-designed mask was combined to rapidly pattern liquid metal electronics on skin as physiological testing devices.
Self-setting bioceramic microscopic protrusions for transdermal drug delivery
Authors: Cai Bing , Xia Wei , Bredenberg Susanne , Engqvist Håkan
Published: July 2014

Self-setting bioceramic microneedles are fabricated using a simple manufacturing procedure under mild conditions and could be substitutes for current microneedles.
Particle tuning and modulation of the magnetic/colour synergy in Fe(ii) spin crossover-polymer nanocomposites in a thermochromic sensor array
Authors: Lapresta-Fernández Alejandro , Cuéllar Manuel Pegalajar , Herrera Juan Manuel , Salinas-Castillo Alfonso , Pegalajar María del Carmen , Titos-Padilla Silvia , Colacio Enrique , Capitán-Vallvey Luis Fermín
Published: July 2014

A particle size control of the [Fe(NH2Trz)3](BF4) spin crossover material is reached, with its associated thermochromism determined with a photographic digital camera.
A prototypical development of plasmonic multiferroic bismuth ferrite particulate and fiber nanostructures and their remarkable photocatalytic activity under sunlight
Authors: Mohan Sakar , Subramanian Balakumar , Sarveswaran Ganesamoorthy
Published: July 2014

Ag sensitized plasmonic multiferroic BiFeO3 particulate and fiber nanostructures have been developed and demonstrated their sunlight driven photocatalytic degradation.
Pentacenequinone derivatives: aggregation-induced emission enhancement, mechanism and fluorescent aggregates for superamplified detection of nitroaromatic explosives
Authors: Kaur Sandeep , Gupta Ankush , Bhalla Vandana , Kumar Manoj
Published: July 2014

Fluorescent aggregates of AIEE active pentacenequinone based derivatives have been prepared and utilized for selective detection of picric acid.
Emotion Identification From Facial Expressions in Children Adopted Internationally
Authors: Hwa-Froelich Deborah A. , Matsuo Hisako , Becker Jenna C.
Published: July 2014

Purpose

Children adopted internationally who are exposed to institutional care receive less social interaction than children reared in families. These children spend their preadoptive life with individuals from their birth country and are adopted into families who may look and interact differently. The presumed patterns of limited social stimulation and transition from ethnically similar to ethnically and culturally different social interactions may affect these children's ability to accurately identify emotions from facial expressions.

Method

Thirty-five 4-year-old children adopted from Asia and Eastern Europe by U.S. families were compared with 33 nonadopted peers on the Diagnostic Analysis of Nonverbal Accuracy, Version 2 (DANVA2) Faces subtests. Correlation and regression analyses were completed with preadoption (adoption age, foster care exposure), postadoption environment (postadoption care duration, number of siblings, socioeconomic status), and individual (chronological age, gender, language competence) variables to determine related and predictive variables.

Results

The nonadopted group demonstrated better emotion identification than children internationally adopted, but no region-of-origin differences were found. English language performance was correlated with and predicted 20% of the variance in emotion identification of facial expressions on the DANVA2.

Conclusion

Children adopted internationally who have stronger language ability tend to be more accurate in identifying emotions from facial expressions.
Ultra wideband antenna diversity characterisation for off‐body communications in an indoor environment
Authors: Abbasi Qammer Hussain , Rehman Masood Ur , Chattha Hassan Tariq , Qaraqe Khalid , Alomainy Akram , Hao Yang , Parini Clive
Published: July 2014

In this study, spatial diversity is experimentally investigated for ultra wideband (UWB) off‐body channels. Diveristy gain (DG) is calculated for various off‐ to on‐body channels in different indoor locations and the impact of variation of inter‐spacing between diversity branch antennas on mutual coupling, correlation and power imbalance is discussed. Effect on DG with respect to small variations of antenna on the body and DG behaviour with change of orientation between off‐body transmitter and on‐body diversity receiver are discussed. Also subject specific off‐body diversity, uplink and downlink diversity are explored in this study. Result demonstrates that neither orientation nor subject changes or small variations in antenna position will affect the diversity performance severely. Comparison of off‐body diversity shows an improvement of 50% with respect to on‐body case; hence dominates the usefulness of UWB off‐body diversity case in body‐centric communications.
Multi‐band reconfigurable antenna for mobile handset applications
Authors: Sung Youngje
Published: July 2014

In this study, a novel reconfigurable antenna using a PIN diode is proposed for multiband (GSM900/1800/1900/UMTS/LTE2300/2500) operation in mobile handsets. By adjusting the on/off state of the PIN diode, the reconfigurable antenna operates in a planar inverted‐F antenna (PIFA) mode as well as a loop mode. The operating bandwidth at a low band is attributed to the PIFA mode. The broad bandwidth at a high band is easily achieved in the PIFA mode as well as the loop mode. It is observed from the measured results that this planar antenna exhibits an impedance bandwidth of ∼8.7% at the 920‐MHz band and ∼48.3% at the 2250‐MHz band. With the reconfigurable technology, the antenna can achieve a compact size of 27 × 10 × 1.6 mm3.
Generic empiric propagation model for low power wireless networks operating at the 868 MHz band in smart cities
Authors: Anglès‐Vázquez Albert , Vilajosana‐Guillèn Xavier , López‐Vicario José , Morell‐Pérez Antoni , Tuset‐Peiró Pere , Vilajosana‐Guillèn Ignasi
Published: July 2014

The tremendous growth of low power wireless technologies oriented to smart city applications has conduced to evaluate the propagation aspects under typical communication scenarios in urban environments where in contrast to cellular technologies the transmitter and or the receiver antenna can be deployed at different heights near ground. Thus, the authors introduce a unified empiric parametrised propagation model with validated parameters from the measurements to study the propagation characteristics in near‐ground scenarios. The proposed model considers the antenna's height as well as external power losses because of objects that may block the line‐of‐sight to the receiver. The main results of this research demonstrate that in near‐ground wireless links, the wireless range is severely reduced because of diffraction caused by ground. However, in scenarios where the receiver is always higher than the transmitter the diffraction is null and the path loss slope is less than free space, with the consequence of a considerably higher wireless range. The propagation model presented here is a valuable tool for network planning where typical cellular propagation models might not be appropriate.
Attribute conditioning: Changing attribute-assessments through mere pairings
Authors: Förderer Sabine , Unkelbach Christian
Published: July 2014

We propose Attribute Conditioning (AC) as a form of learning that refers to changes in people's assessment of stimuli's (CSs) attributes due to repeated pairing with stimuli possessing these attributes (USs). We review the available evidence and, based on this review, delineate three open questions and investigate them experimentally: a) the moderating role of CS-US similarity; b) the possibility of blocking; and c) the possibility of extinction. Five experiments conditioned health and athleticism. We measured AC effects on direct and indirect dependent variables (direct ratings and semantic misattribution). Experiment 1 shows that CS-US feature similarity does not moderate AC. Experiments 2 and 3 show that AC effects are insensitive to blocking; and Experiments 4 and 5 show that AC effects are resistant to extinction. These five experiments show that AC depends on CS-US contiguity, but not on CS-US contingency. Thereby, the study establishes AC as a simple learning phenomenon describing how people, stimuli, and concepts acquire specific attributes in people's minds due to mere pairings.
Infection Prevention and Control Guideline for Cystic Fibrosis: 2013 Update
Authors: Saiman Lisa , Siegel Jane D. , LiPuma John J. , Brown Rebekah F. , Bryson Elizabeth A. , Chambers Mary Jo , Downer Veronica S. , Fliege Jill , Hazle Leslie A. , Jain Manu , Marshall Bruce C. , O’Malley Catherine , Pattee Suzanne R. , Potter-Bynoe Gail , Reid Siobhan , Robinson Karen A. , Sabadosa Kathryn A. , Schmidt H. Joel , Tullis Elizabeth , Webber Jennifer , Weber David J.
Published: July 2014

The 2013 Infection Prevention and Control (IP&C) Guideline for Cystic Fibrosis (CF) was commissioned by the CF Foundation as an update of the 2003 Infection Control Guideline for CF. During the past decade, new knowledge and new challenges provided the following rationale to develop updated IP&C strategies for this unique population:

1.The need to integrate relevant recommendations from evidence-based guidelines published since 2003 into IP&C practices for CF. These included guidelines from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)/Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee (HICPAC), the World Health Organization (WHO), and key professional societies, including the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) and the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America (SHEA). During the past decade, new evidence has led to a renewed emphasis on source containment of potential pathogens and the role played by the contaminated healthcare environment in the transmission of infectious agents. Furthermore, an increased understanding of the importance of the application of implementation science, monitoring adherence, and feedback principles has been shown to increase the effectiveness of IP&C guideline recommendations.

2.Experience with emerging pathogens in the non-CF population has expanded our understanding of droplet transmission of respiratory pathogens and can inform IP&C strategies for CF. These pathogens include severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus and the 2009 influenza A H1N1. Lessons learned about preventing transmission of methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) and multidrug-resistant gram-negative pathogens in non-CF patient populations also can inform IP&C strategies for CF.
The Grothendieck ring of the structure group of the geometric Frobenius morphism
Authors: Severitt Markus
Published: July 2014

The geometric Frobenius morphism on smooth varieties is an fppf-fiber bundle. We study representations of the structure group scheme. In particular, we describe irreducible representations and compute its Grothendieck ring of finite dimensional representations.
Coral Reefs: A Very Short Introduction
Authors: Sheppard Charles
Published: July 2014

Coral reefs are found all around the world, from the Indo-Pacific coral reef province to the Caribbean and Australia, and they support both marine and human life. They provide a rich supply of food and a breakwater from storms and high waves to countless coastal communities. Coral Reefs: A Very Short Introduction provides an account of what coral reefs are, how they are formed, how they have evolved, and the biological lessons we can learn from them. Today, these fascinating ecosystems are under threat from over-exploitation and climate change; some are dead and others are dying. They could face extinction, unless our conservation efforts are stepped up in order to save them.
Determinants of Clostridium difficile Infection Incidence Across Diverse United States Geographic Locations
Authors: Lessa Fernanda C. , Mu Yi , Winston Lisa G. , Dumyati Ghinwa K. , Farley Monica M. , Beldavs Zintars G. , Kast Kelly , Holzbauer Stacy M. , Meek James I. , Cohen Jessica , McDonald L. Clifford , Fridkin Scott K.
Published: July 2014

Background.  Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is no longer restricted to hospital settings, and population-based incidence measures are needed. Understanding the determinants of CDI incidence will allow for more meaningful comparisons of rates and accurate national estimates.

Methods.  Data from active population- and laboratory-based CDI surveillance in 7 US states were used to identify CDI cases (ie, residents with positive C difficile stool specimen without a positive test in the prior 8 weeks). Cases were classified as community-associated (CA) if stool was collected as outpatients or ≤3 days of admission and no overnight healthcare facility stay in the past 12 weeks; otherwise, cases were classified as healthcare-associated (HA). Two regression models, one for CA-CDI and another for HA-CDI, were built to evaluate predictors of high CDI incidence. Site-specific incidence was adjusted based on the regression models.

Results.  Of 10 062 cases identified, 32% were CA. Crude incidence varied by geographic area; CA-CDI ranged from 28.2 to 79.1/100 000 and HA-CDI ranged from 45.7 to 155.9/100 000. Independent predictors of higher CA-CDI incidence were older age, white race, female gender, and nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT) use. For HA-CDI, older age and a greater number of inpatient-days were predictors. After adjusting for relevant predictors, the range of incidence narrowed greatly; CA-CDI rates ranged from 30.7 to 41.3/100 000 and HA-CDI rates ranged from 58.5 to 94.8/100 000.

Conclusions.  Differences in CDI incidence across geographic areas can be partially explained by differences in NAAT use, age, race, sex, and inpatient-days. Variation in antimicrobial use may contribute to the remaining differences in incidence.
Pathogenic Variation in Spore Populations of Sporisorium scitamineum, Causal Agent of Sugarcane Smut in Australia
Authors: Bhuiyan Shamsul A. , Croft Barry J. , Stringer Joanne K. , Deomano Emily C.
Published: July 2014

An incursion of sugarcane smut in Queensland was identified in 2006 in Bundaberg, Ingham, and Mackay. In 2008, two cultivars, ‘Q205’ and ‘Q170’, were highly susceptible in Bundaberg but remained disease free on a heavily infested farm in Mackay. A glasshouse experiment was established to determine whether the differences in disease expression were due to the sources of the two cultivars sourced from Bundaberg and Mackay in 2009. These were inoculated with the Mackay population of Sporisorium scitamineum spores. These cultivars had the same levels of disease, indicating that the variation in the clonal source of the cultivars was not responsible for the observed differences. A second glasshouse experiment in 2013 confirmed that highly susceptible Q205 and Q170 were resistant to the Mackay population of S. scitamineum but remained susceptible to the Bundaberg population. In 2010, S. scitamineum populations of smut fungi from Mackay and Bundaberg were compared in a field trial and the Mackay population had significantly less disease than the Bundaberg population on four cultivars (Q170, Q205, ‘Q174’, and ‘Q138’) but had significantly more disease in ‘Q188’. These results confirmed the field observations and suggested that there was a differential response among the cultivars for the smut fungi collected from Mackay compared with Bundaberg and are genetically different. This finding suggests that a mixture of spores should be used to inoculate sugarcane clones for resistance screening.
Genotypic and Phenotypic Characterization of Fungi in theFusarium oxysporumSpecies Complex from Soybean Roots
Authors: Ellis Margaret L. , Jimenez David R. Cruz , Leandro Leonor F. , Munkvold Gary P.
Published: July 2014

Isolates in the Fusarium oxysporum species complex (FOSC) from soybean range from nonpathogenic to aggressive pathogens causing seedling damping-off, wilt, and root rot. The objective of this research was to characterize the genotype and phenotype of isolates within the FOSC recovered predominantly from soybean roots and seedlings. Sequence analyses of the translation elongation factor (tef1α) gene and the mitochondrial small subunit (mtSSU), polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis of the intergenic spacer (IGS) region, and identification of the mating type loci were conducted for 170 isolates. Vegetative compatibility (VC) tests were conducted for 114 isolates. Isolate aggressiveness was tested using a rolled towel assay for 159 isolates. Phylogenetic analysis of the tef1α and mtSSU and PCR-RFLP analysis of the IGS region separated the FOSC isolates into five clades, including F. commune. Both mating type loci, MAT1-1 or MAT1-2, were present in isolates from all clades. The VC tests were not informative, because most VC groups consisted of a single isolate. Isolate aggressiveness varied within and among clades; isolates in clade 2 were significantly less aggressive (P < 0.0001) when compared with isolates from the other clades and F. commune. The results from this study demonstrate the high levels of genotypic and phenotypic diversity within the FOSC from soybean but further work is needed to identify characteristics associated with pathogenic capabilities.