bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prognostic and clinicopathological significance of Cks1 in cancer: Evidence from a meta‐analysis
Authors: Zhang Yi , Chen Yuting , You Fan , Li Wang , Lang Zhiquan , Zou Zhenhong
Published: January 2019

Background

Cyclin‐dependent kinase subunit 1 (Cks1), as a highly conserved regulatory protein, has pleiotropic roles in cell cycle progression. As research progresses, increasingly more statistics show that Cks1 may be involved in the occurrence, development, and prognosis of a variety of tumors but the conclusions remain controversial. In addition, there has been no meta‐analysis demonstrating the correlation between Cks1 and cancer. Therefore, this meta‐analysis was performed to determine the prognostic and clinicopathological significance of Cks1 in various cancers.

Methods

Systematic computer literature retrieval was conducted on the Web of Science, Embase, PubMed, CNKI, and Wanfang databases. Stata SE12.0 software was used in the quantitative meta‐analysis. The hazard ratio (HR) and relative risk (RR) were pooled to assess the relationship between Cks1 expression and overall survival (OS), disease‐free survival (DFS), and clinicopathological parameters.

Results

Nineteen studies were included, totaling 2,224 participants. High expression of Cks1 was significantly correlated with worse OS (HR, 2.62; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.18–3.14; p < 0.001) and poorer DFS (HR, 2.73; 95% CI, 1.83–4.08;
p < 0.001). In addition, high expression of Cks1 was related to lymph node metastasis (RR, 1.59; 95% CI, 1.22–2.07;
p = 0.001) and advanced T stage (RR, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.04–1.25;
p = 0.005).

Conclusions

High Cks1 expression predicted poorer prognosis and worse clinicopathological parameters in various cancers. Increased Cks1 could be a significant prognostic biomarker for poor survival in patients with various cancers.
Molecular mechanisms by which aerobic exercise induces insulin sensitivity
Authors: Yaribeygi Habib , Atkin Stephen L. , Simental‐Mendía Luis E. , Sahebkar Amirhossein
Published: January 2019

Insulin resistance is a key feature of Type 2 diabetes and an important therapeutic target to address glycemic control to prevent diabetic complications. Lifestyle advice is the first step in the ADA/EASD consensus guidelines followed by metformin therapy. Aerobic exercise (AE) can increase insulin sensitivity by several molecular pathways including upregulation of insulin transporters in the cellular membrane of insulin‐dependent cells. In addition, AE improves insulin sensitivity by amelioration of the pathophysiologic pathways involved in insulin resistance such as the reduction of adipokines, inflammatory and oxidative stress responses, and improvement of insulin signal transduction via different molecular pathways. This review details the molecular pathways by which AE induces beneficial effects on insulin resistance
Bioluminescence calcium imaging of network dynamics and their cholinergic modulation in slices of cerebral cortex from male rats
Authors: Tricoire Ludovic , Drobac Estelle , Tsuzuki Keisuke , Gallopin Thierry , Picaud Sandrine , Cauli Bruno , Rossier Jean , Lambolez Bertrand
Published: January 2019

The activity of neuronal ensembles was monitored in neocortical slices from male rats using wide‐field bioluminescence imaging of a calcium sensor formed with the fusion of green fluorescent protein and aequorin (GA) and expressed through viral transfer. GA expression was restricted to pyramidal neurons and did not conspicuously alter neuronal morphology or neocortical cytoarchitecture. Removal of extracellular magnesium or addition of GABA receptor antagonists triggered epileptiform flashes of variable amplitude and spatial extent, indicating that the excitatory and inhibitory networks were functionally preserved in GA‐expressing slices. We found that agonists of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors largely increased the peak bioluminescence response to local electrical stimulation in layer I or white matter, and gave rise to a slowly decaying response persisting for tens of seconds. The peak increase involved layers II/III and V and did not result in marked alteration of response spatial properties. The persistent response involved essentially layer V and followed the time course of the muscarinic afterdischarge depolarizing plateau in layer V pyramidal cells. This plateau potential triggered spike firing in layer V, but not layer II/III pyramidal cells, and was accompanied by recurrent synaptic excitation in layer V. Our results indicate that wide‐field imaging of GA bioluminescence is well suited to monitor local and global network activity patterns, involving different mechanisms of intracellular calcium increase, and occurring on various timescales.
Structural insights of hierarchically engineered feldspars by confocal Raman microscopy
Authors: Fuertes de la Llave V. , del Campo A. , Fernández J.F. , Enríquez E.
Published: January 2019

A structural and compositional characterization of fast‐sintered Na‐rich feldspar is carried out by means of the confocal Raman microscopy. The analysis of the main Raman modes (νa = 512 cm−1 and νb = 480 cm−1) determines that feldspar crystallizations correspond to a sodic‐plagioclase group, with an anorthite proportion estimated of 25–45%. The presence of alkali and alkaline earth in the formulated composition leads to albite type feldspar with slightly Al–Si disordered distribution in tetrahedral sites. Raman shift of the main Raman mode νa reveals differences in crystal stresses between nanograins and micrograins. The Rayleigh light‐scattering microscopy shows up lamellar domains of ~2–3 μm resulting from unmixing by spinodal decomposition. Combining Raman spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction versus temperature significant structural changes are confirmed. This structural change correlates with a stress release and thermally activated conduction. This research gives fundamental understanding of structure, chemical composition, and micro‐nanostructure of engineered glass–ceramics, which may allow tailoring them: for example, to modulate spinodal decomposition regions and interphases.
Depth of invasion alone as a prognostic factor in low‐risk early‐stage oral cavity carcinoma
Authors: Kozak Margaret M. , Shah Jennifer , Chen Michelle , Schaberg Kurt , von Eyben Rie , Chen Jie Jane , Bui Timothy , Kong Christina , Kaplan Michael , Divi Vasu , Hara Wendy
Published: January 2019

Objectives

To evaluate the significance of increasing depth of invasion (DOI) as the sole risk factor for recurrence in patients with low‐risk early‐stage oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OCSCC).

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed 560 patients with OCSCC treated at our institution between 2003 and 2013. Patients were included if they had low‐risk early‐stage OCSCC treated with surgical resection ± neck dissection and no adjuvant therapy. Low risk was defined as absence of positive or close margins, lymphovascular invasion, perineural invasion, and positive lymph nodes. Patients with tumor (T)3‐T4 disease were excluded. Pathology specimens were independently re‐reviewed by two board‐certified pathologists to confirm proper measurement of DOI. Kaplan‐Meier and Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were performed to identify factors predictive for recurrence as well as progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS).

Results

A total of 126 patients with low‐risk early‐stage T1‐2N0 OCSCC were included. Median follow‐up time was 42.5 months and median DOI was 4 mm. There was no significant difference in incidence of local (P = 0.95), regional (P = 0.81), or distant recurrence (P = 0.96) among patients with DOI < 4 mm versus ≥4 mm. On multivariable analysis, DOI was significant for both PFS (P = 0.03) and OS (P = 0.002).

Conclusion

In this study, we show that in the absence of other high‐risk pathologic features, DOI ≥ 4 mm does not portend for increased incidence of local, regional, or distant relapse in patients treated with surgery alone; however, increasing DOI is a marker for worse PFS and OS in patients with low‐risk, early‐stage OCSCC.

Level of Evidence

4

Laryngoscope, 129:2082–2086, 2019
The debate over open access is missing the point
Authors: Buck Stuart
Published: January 2019

Key points

It is more important to a funder to know that the research advances knowledge and has an impact on the field than that it is published in a prestigious journal (or not).

Improving journal quality assurance is more important than improving the business model.

Focusing on open access misses the point that journals need to improve their quality standards.
Calcium electroporation for recurrent head and neck cancer: A clinical phase I study
Authors: Plaschke Christina Caroline , Gehl Julie , Johannesen Helle Hjorth , Fischer Barbara Malene , Kjaer Andreas , Lomholt Anne Fog , Wessel Irene
Published: January 2019

Background

Calcium electroporation is a novel cancer treatment, which combines temporary cell permeability from electroporation with a high influx of calcium intracellularly resulting in cancer cell necrosis.

Methods

A phase I trial performing calcium electroporation on 6 patients suffering from recurrent head and neck cancer. In general anesthesia, intratumoral calcium injections were followed by electroporation. Safety was monitored by adverse events registration, serum Ca2+, ECG, and pain scores. Tumor response was measured on PET/MRI scans.

Results

Procedures were performed without complications. No serious adverse events, signs of hypercalcemia, or cardiac arrhythmias were observed. Two months post‐treatment tumor responses on MRI: three partial responses, one stable disease, and two progression. Responses on PET: one partial metabolic disease, four with stable metabolic disease, and one not evaluable. One patient was without clinical evidence of disease after 12 months of observation.

Conclusion

Calcium electroporation is feasible and safe in head and neck tumors. Clinical responses were observed in three of six patients, warranting further studies.

Level of Evidence

Level 4
Experimental Realization of Multiple Topological Edge States in a 1D Photonic Lattice
Authors: Zhang Zhifeng , Teimourpour Mohammad Hosain , Arkinstall Jake , Pan Mingsen , Miao Pei , Schomerus Henning , El‐Ganainy Ramy , Feng Liang
Published: January 2019

Topological photonic systems offer light transport that is robust against defects and disorder, promising a new generation of chip‐scale photonic devices and facilitating energy‐efficient on‐chip information routing and processing. However, present quasi one dimensional (1D) designs, such as the Su–Schrieffer–Heeger and Rice–Mele models, support only a limited number of nontrivial phases due to restrictions on dispersion band engineering. Here, a flexible topological photonic lattice on a silicon photonic platform is experimentally demonstrated that realizes multiple topologically nontrivial dispersion bands. By suitably setting the couplings between the 1D waveguides, different lattices can exhibit the transition between multiple different topological phases and allow the independent realization of the corresponding edge states. Heterodyne measurements clearly reveal the ultrafast transport dynamics of the edge states in different phases at a femtosecond scale, validating the designed topological features. The study equips topological models with enriched edge dynamics and considerably expands the scope to engineer unique topological features into photonic, acoustic, and atomic systems.
TIMM50 promotes tumor progression via ERK signaling and predicts poor prognosis of non‐small cell lung cancer patients
Authors: Zhang Xiupeng , Han Shuai , Zhou Haijing , Cai Lin , Li Jingduo , Liu Nan , Liu Yang , Wang Liang , Fan Chuifeng , Li Ailin , Miao Yuan
Published: January 2019

TIMM50 (Translocase of the inner mitochondrial membrane 50), also called TIM50, plays an essential role in mitochondrial membrane transportation. The existing literature suggests that TIMM50 may perform as an oncogenetic protein in breast cancer. However, the molecular mechanism, especially in human non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), is uncertain to date. In the present study, using immunohistochemistry, we found that TIMM50 expression significantly correlated with larger tumor size (P = 0.049), advanced TNM stage (P = 0.001), positive regional lymph node metastasis (P = 0.007), and poor overall survival (P = 0.001). Proliferation and invasion assay showed that TIMM50 dramatically promoted the ability of proliferation and invasion of NSCLC cells. Subsequent Western blotting results revealed that TIMM50 enhanced the expression of Cyclin D1 and Snail, and inhibited the expression of E‐cadherin. Moreover, TIMM50 facilitated the expression of phosphorylated ERK and P90RSK. Incorporation of ERK inhibitor counteracted the upregulating expression of CyclinD1, and Snail, and downregulating expression of E‐cadherin expression induced by TIMM50 overexpression. In conclusion, our data indicated that TIMM50 facilitated tumor proliferation and invasion of NSCLC through enhancing phosphorylation of its downstream ERK/P90RSK signaling pathway. We speculated that TIMM50 might be a useful prognosis marker of NSCLC patients.
NFκB2 p52 stabilizes rhogdiβ mRNA by inhibiting AUF1 protein degradation via a miR‐145/Sp1/USP8‐dependent axis
Authors: Xu Jiawei , Hua Xiaohui , Jin Honglei , Zhu Junlan , Li Yang , Li Jingxia , Huang Chuangshu
Published: January 2019

Although overexpression of the non‐canonical NFκB subunit p52 has been observed in several tumors, the function and mechanism of p52 in bladder cancer (BC) are less well understood. Here, we aimed at understanding the role and mechanism underlying p52 regulation of BC invasion. Human p52 was stably knockdown with shRNA targeting p52 in two bladder cancer cell lines (T24 and UMUC3). Two constitutively expressing constructs, p52 and p100, were stably transfected in to T24 or UMUC3, respectively. The stable transfectants were used to determine function and mechanisms responsible for p52 regulation of BC invasion. We demonstrate that p52 mediates human BC invasion. Knockdown of p52 impaired bladder cancer invasion by reduction of rhogdiβ mRNA stability and expression. Positively regulation of rhogdiβ mRNA stability was mediated by p52 promoting AUF1 protein degradation, consequently resulting in reduction of AUF1 binding to rhogdiβ mRNA. Further studies indicated that AUF1 protein degradation was mediated by upregulating USP8 transcription, which was modulated by its negative regulatory transcription factor Sp1. Moreover, we found that p52 upregulated miR‐145, which directly bound to the 3′‐UTR of sp1 mRNA, leading to downregulation of Sp1 protein translation. Our results reveal a comprehensive pathway that p52 acts as a positive regulator of BC invasion by initiating a novel miR‐145/Sp1/USP8/AUF1/RhoGDIβ axis. These findings provide insight into the understanding of p52 in the pathology of human BC invasion and progression, which may be useful information in the development of preventive and therapeutic approaches for using p52 as a potential target.
Monoamine oxidase‐B inhibitors as potential neurotherapeutic agents: An overview and update
Authors: Tripathi Rati Kailash Prasad , Ayyannan Senthil Raja
Published: January 2019

Monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors have made significant contributions and remain an indispensable approach of molecular and mechanistic diversity for the discovery of antineurodegenerative drugs. However, their usage has been hampered by nonselective and/or irreversible action which resulted in drawbacks like liver toxicity, cheese effect, and so forth. Hence, the search for selective MAO inhibitors (MAOIs) has become a substantial focus in current drug discovery. This review summarizes our current understanding on MAO‐A/MAO‐B including their structure, catalytic mechanism, and biological functions with emphases on the role of MAO‐B as a potential therapeutic target for the development of medications treating neurodegenerative disorders. It also highlights the recent developments in the discovery of potential MAO‐B inhibitors (MAO‐BIs) belonging to diverse chemical scaffolds, arising from intensive chemical‐mechanistic and computational studies documented during past 3 years (2015‐2018), with emphases on their potency and selectivity. Importantly, readers will gain knowledge of various newly established MAO‐BI scaffolds and their development potentials. The comprehensive information provided herein will hopefully accelerate ideas for designing novel selective MAO‐BIs with superior activity profiles and critical discussions will inflict more caution in the decision‐making process in the MAOIs discovery.
High expression of FAM13A was associated with increasing the liver cirrhosis risk
Authors: Zhang Yingai , Wang Shunlan , Wang Chan , Xiao Jingchuan , Zhang Shufang , Zhou Hailong
Published: January 2019

Aim

Liver cirrhosis is a consequence of chronic liver disease, and it may be caused by multiple influences of both genetic and environmental factors. Family with sequence similarity 13 member A (FAM13A) has been previously associated with lung function in several lung diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, lung cancer, and pulmonary fibrosis. The aim of this study was to explore whether FAM13A polymorphisms confer susceptibility to liver cirrhosis.

Methods

FAM13A expression was evaluated in liver cirrhosis tissues by immunohistochemistry staining. The relationship between FAM13A gene polymorphism and liver cirrhosis was determined by association analysis. The genotypes were assessed in the Agena MassARRAY platform. Statistical analysis was performed using chi‐squared test/Fisher's exact test, genetic model analysis, and haplotype analysis.

Results

The results showed that the expression of FAM13A is obvious higher in the liver cirrhosis tissue cells than in the normal liver tissue cells. Moreover, association analysis results indicated that the minor allele “A” of rs3017895 was positively associated with high risk of liver cirrhosis in the allele model by the chi‐squared test (OR = 1.32, 95%CI = 1.03–1.68, p = 0.028). Logistic regression analyses revealed that the risk of liver cirrhosis was significantly higher in subjects with the G/A‐G/G genotype of rs3017895 than those with A/A genotype under the dominant model and log additive model, and the T/A‐A/A genotype of rs1059122 was positively associated with higher liver cirrhosis than T/T genotype based on dominant model respectively. In addition, haplotype analysis showed that the G‐A haplotype of rs3017895‐rs1059122 of the FAM13A gene significantly increased the risk of liver cirrhosis.

Conclusion

Our findings demonstrated that the high expression of FAM13A may be associated with an increased risk of liver cirrhosis.
A miniaturized single‐layered branched multiple‐input multiple‐output antenna for WLAN/WiMAX/INSAT applications
Authors: Mohammad Saadh A. W. , Poonkuzhali R. , Ali Tanweer
Published: January 2019

In this paper, a miniaturized (12 × 20 × 1.6 mm3) dual antenna suitable for compact devices with multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) applications have been designed, analyzed, and fabricated. The proposed design is printed on the single side of the FR4 substrate with a common ground and branched radiating structure. The branched structure is responsible in attaining 93.5% miniaturization as compared to the conventional size at 2.4 GHz (ie, lower resonance). Triple‐band characteristics have been extracted from port 1 (2.4, 3.5, and 4.5 GHz) and dual‐band characteristics from port 2 (2.4 and 3.5 GHz). The isolation between the radiating strips is better than 10 dB and the envelope correlation coefficient is less than 0.5. The proposed design has good isolation characteristics with acceptable peak gain of −1.75/1.3/2 dBi at 2.4/3.5/4.5 GHz, respectively. Good impedance matching and stable radiation patterns make the proposed antenna suitable for WLAN, WiMAX, and Indian National Satellite System applications.
Beam pattern reconfigurable circularly polarized transmitarray antenna by rearrangement of sources
Authors: Lee Jae‐Gon , Kwon Taek‐Sun , Lee Jeong‐Hae
Published: January 2019

A novel method for a beam pattern reconfigurable circularly polarized (CP) transmitarray antenna based on passive metasurface is proposed by a rearrangement of source antennas. Two source antennas among eight source antennas are selected for the fine beam steering. The beam steering angle can be finely controlled by the positions and phase difference of the source. Moreover, this kind of transmitarray antenna can be utilized to generate multibeam by the combination of the source antennas for radiation to different directions. To verify its feasibility, the planar CP source antenna is designed to operate at 5.8 GHz. Also, the metasurface consists of four layer separated by four substrates to cover full transmission phase variation of 2π, and the metallic layers are designed to circular patches. As a result, the steering angle is experimentally observed at each 0, +20, and +40°, and dual beam radiating to −30 and +30° also is measured.
Boron nitride‐graphene sponge as skeleton filled with epoxy resin for enhancing thermal conductivity and electrical insulation
Authors: Guo Yulan , He Jing , Wang Hua , Su Zheng , Qu Qiqi , Tian Ruijia , Tian Xingyou , Li Xiaoxiao
Published: January 2019

3D Graphene sponge (GS) supported boron nitride (BN) skeleton (BN@GS) was fabricated through a facile method by using ammonium sulfide under mild conditions. Then, BN@GS sponge was infiltrated by epoxy resin to prepare the composites. The microstructures of BN@GS were controlled by adjusting the mass ratio of GS to BN and the dimension of BN to obtain thermally conductive but electrically insulating polymer composites. The thermal and electrical properties of composites were investigated and the results showed that thermal conductivity of composites reached 0.588 W m−1 K−1 at a low GS loading of 0.157 wt%, which was twice as large as the BN/epoxy composites without graphene. When the mass ratio of BN to GS was 60:1 and 100:1, the electrical conductivity of the resin composites corresponded to insulator region. The 3D continuous network of GS endowed the composites with enhanced thermal conductivity at a relatively low filler loading. In addition, the introduction of BN cut off the transmission of electrons which resulted in the composites with electrical insulation. The hybrid fillers were introduced to guarantee the enhanced thermal conductivity and electrical insulation at a relatively low filler loading. The thermal conductivity of the BN@GS/epoxy composites coincide well with the surface temperature variation of the BN@GS/epoxy composites acquired from an infrared camera. The mechanical properties of BN@GS/epoxy composites improved remarkably in comparison with pure epoxy resin. POLYM. COMPOS., 40:E1600–E1611, 2019. © 2019 Society of Plastics Engineers
Kalte Atome auf einem optischen Förderband
Authors: Langbecker Maria , Windpassinger Patrick
Published: January 2019

Lasergekühlte Atome in einer Hohlkernfaser sind ein ideales System, um Fragestellungen der Quantensimulation und Quanteninformation zu untersuchen. Unsere Gruppe an der Universität Mainz verwendet ein optisches Förderband, um die Atome in die Hohlkernfaser zu transportieren. Damit erreichen wir eine präzise Kontrolle über Ort, Temperatur und Anzahl der Atome.
Durs Grünbeins Cyrano oder die Rückkehr vom Mond
Authors: Heydenreich Aura
Published: January 2019

Grünbeins Gedichtband „Cyrano oder die Rückkehr vom Mond“ widmet sich unter anderem dem Prozess der kopernikanischen Rekonzeptualisierung des Verhältnisses zwischen Mond und Erde, der sich im 17. Jh. abspielte: von Galileis Entdeckung der Jupiter‐Monde über Keplers Gesetze bis hin zu Newtons Grundprinzipien der Mechanik.
Stakeholder engagement for sustainable development and their suggestions for environmental policy: The case of Mediterranean monk seal
Authors: Halkos George , Matsiori Steriani , Dritsas Sophoklis
Published: January 2019

This study primarily attempts to understand people's beliefs toward marine protected areas considering as a case study the National Marine Park of Alonissos, Northern Sporades in Greece in order to achieve its sustainability. Specifically, it aims to identify people's opinion about the utility of the park investigating also their beliefs in relation to socioeconomic characteristics. For this reason, a face‐to‐face survey of 200 randomly selected residents and visitors of the area was carried out. The research was structured according to the principles of the contingent valuation method. According to the empirical findings, the majority of respondents recognized the contribution of the park to preserve the monk seal and the natural environment. Moreover, they want the maintenance of the park and more specialized protection measures in the area.
Dissolution of Aramid by Ionization of Byproduct HCl Promoted by Acetate
Authors: Dai Yu , Cheng Zheng , Meng Chenbo , Yuan Yihao , Luo Longbo , Liu Xiangyang
Published: January 2019

Poor solubility of high‐performance polymer has always been a leading bottleneck for its application. Para‐aramid fiber as a typical high‐performance fiber owns significant hydrogen‐bond interaction and chloride salts are generally needed to provide Cl−ions as hydrogen‐bond acceptors for its dissolution. In this paper, Poly‐(benzimidazole‐terephthalamide) (PABI) which complexed with by‐product HCl (PABI‐HCl) during polymerization was fabricated and by‐product HCl was regarded as potential Cl−ions donor. CH3COONa as cosolvent was added in DMAc to dissolve PABI‐HCl. It was confirmed that solubility of PABI‐HCl in DMAc could be improved significantly in existence of CH3COONa. The finding was characterized by conductivity measurement, UV‐Vis spectra, Atomic Absorbance Spectra and Thermogravimetric analysis etc. By‐product HCl as a strong acid was converted into CH3COOH due to existence of CH3COO−in solution. Then it would release Cl−ions and they could interact with secondary amide of aramid to disrupt interaction among macromolecules. Therefore, aramid was dissolved successfully by utilizing by‐product HCl and no external Cl−ions donor was needed.
Self‐Assembly of Lotus‐Type Holes Two‐Dimensional NiO Nanosheets and Its Efficient Catalytic Property for Styrene Epoxidation
Authors: Huang Kai , Lv Fei , Wu Dongfang
Published: January 2019

Lotus‐type holes two‐dimensional NiO nanosheets were fabricated via hydrothermal method followed by calcinations. Three types of surfactants as the structure‐directing agent in an ammonia aqueous solution with calcination, only anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS), non‐ionic surfactant polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) can form lotus‐type porous NiO nanosheets, cationic surfactant cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) have no such effect. A series of characterization of the resulting samples revealed that the materials maintained singularly small thickness of only 3–5 nm, lotus root hole diameter 40 nm(SDBS),20 nm(PVP). The formation mechanism of the lotus‐type porous two‐dimensional morphology is investigated. The as‐synthesized NiO without support delivered efficient catalytic property in styrene epoxidation which significantly reduced reaction time. When the catalyst was reused the conversion and selectivity of styrene oxide still remained high.
m‐Nitrocinnamic Acid Containing Lipophilic Peptide Exhibits Selective Growth Inhibition Activity against Leishmania major
Authors: Debnath Mintu , Abbasi Mazharul , Sasmal Supriya , Datta Rupak , Haldar Debasish
Published: January 2019

A series of peptides (1‐3) containing m‐nitrocinnamic acid, α‐aminoisobutyric acid (Aib) and L‐leucine has been synthesized and their antileishmanial propensities have been studied. The compound 1 was synthesized by condensation reaction of 3‐nitrobenzaldehyde and malonic acid. The compound 1 forms duplex by intermolecular hydrogen bonding interactions in solid state and finally self‐assemble to form supramolecular helix through C‐H⋅⋅⋅O hydrogen bonds. The peptide 2 shows antiparallel sheet‐like assembly through intermolecular N‐H⋅⋅⋅O and C‐H⋅⋅⋅O hydrogen bonding interactions. The peptide 3 adopts extended conformation and self‐assemble to form bowl‐like morphology. Moreover, the peptide 3 exhibits significant growth inhibition property on Leishmania major promastigotes with an IC50 value of 13 μg/ml. But compound 1 and peptide 2 have IC50 values 100 μg/ml and 41 μg/ml respectively. The higher lipophilicity of peptide 3 may increase the chances of reaching this intracellular parasite. Thus peptide 3 shows selective toxicity towards Leishmania (IC50=13 μg/ml) and compared to several existing standard antileishmanial drugs like pentastam (IC50 > 64 μg/ml), sodium stibogluconate (IC50 > 64 μg/ml) or ketoconazole (IC50=72 μg/ml), peptide 3 shows at least 2–6 times higher potency.
Ni‐Al‐Ti Hydrotalcite Based Catalyst for the Selective Hydrogenation of Biomass‐Derived Levulinic Acid to γ‐Valerolactone
Authors: Gundeboina Rambabu , Gadasandula Suresh , Velisoju Vijay Kumar , Gutta Naresh , Kotha Laxma Reddy , Aytam Hari Padmasri
Published: January 2019

Ni−Al‐Ti mixed oxide derived from Ni−Al‐Ti hydrotalcite precursor is identified as an efficient catalyst for the hydrogenation of levulinic acid (LA) to γ‐valerolactone (GVL). This catalyst showed high active surface Ni sites due to a higher synergy in the mixed oxide formed from the hydrotalcite precursor. These results are further supported by X‐ray diffraction analysis (XRD), electron spin resonance spectroscopy (ESR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results. The higher activity of Ni−Al‐Ti compared to Ni−Al, Ni−Ti catalysts was attributed to a high ratio of Lewis to Brønsted acid sites (LAS/BAS) observed from pyridine adsorption – DRIFTS results along with high surface Ni sites on the catalyst surface measured from CO‐chemisorption studies. This contributed to the enhanced selectivity of the desired product, GVL over Ni−Al‐Ti catalyst as compared to its individual counter parts, Ni−Ti and Ni−Al catalysts.
Four‐Component Regio‐ and Diastereoselective Synthesis of Pyrrolizidines Incorporating Spiro‐Oxindole/Indanedione via 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition Reaction of Azomethine Ylides
Authors: Alizadeh Abdolali , Roosta Atefeh , Halvagar Mohammadreza
Published: January 2019

The present investigation reports an easy regio‐ and diastereoselective access to a library of diverse polycyclic pyrrolizidine fused spiro‐1,3‐indandione/oxindole derivatives through a one‐pot sequential four‐component reactions of 4‐oxo‐4H‐chromene‐3‐carbaldehyde/2‐chloroquinoline‐3‐carbaldehyde, 1‐phenyl‐2‐(1,1,1‐triphenyl‐λ5‐phosphanylidene)ethan‐1‐one, ninhydrin or isatin, and L‐proline in EtOH at room temperature. This protocol features excellent chemical yields, high diastereoselectivity and operational simplicity.
Insight into the Catalytic Behavior in Nitroarenes Reduction over Non‐Noble Metals Modified Polymer Carbon Nitride
Authors: Xu Yang‐sen , Li Li‐ping , Qiu Chun‐tian , Huang Xin‐song , Li Guang‐she
Published: January 2019

Revealing the catalytic mechanism and dynamic process in heterogeneous catalysis is fundamental and tremendous important. Here, non‐noble metals (Bi, Cu, Cu2O or CuO) hybrided polymer carbon nitride nanosheets (CNN) were fabricated through ions intercalation processes. The prepared Bi‐CNN hybrid exhibits moderate catalytic activity compared with Cu–CNN in 4‐nitrophenol (4‐NP) reduction. The kinetic rate constant and apparent active energy of Bi‐CNN are 0.04 min−1 (20 °C) and 53.6 ± 4.8 kJ mol−1, respectively. Cu‐modified CNN shows a rate of 0.65 min−1, which is 16 times higher than that of Bi‐CNN and even higher than noble metal (Au, Ag)‐CNN hybrids. More importantly, a new catalytic behavior that no delay time (usually reported by using noble metals and metal oxides) was observed in the 4‐NP reduction over Bi‐CNN and Cu–CNN hybrids. A possible catalytic mechanism elaborated this new catalytic phenomenon was proposed based on the chemical redox potentials. The CuO‐CNN and Cu2O‐CNN hybrids were further prepared to verify the proposed catalytic model. This work provides more insight into the mechanistic investigation of nitroarenes reduction over non‐noble metal catalyst evolved photocatalytic systems.
Highly Luminescent Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon Dots as “Turn‐On” Fluorescence Probe for Selective Detection of Melamine
Authors: Zhuang Qi , Li Li , Ding Yaping , Zeng Hongyan , Wu Yueci
Published: January 2019

In our work, a new and simple method for selective detection of melamine is established by developing a “turn‐on” fluorescence probe based on nitrogen‐doped carbon dots (N‐CQDs) ‐ iron ions (Fe3+). The N‐CQDs have been facilely prepared by one‐step simple hydrothermal reaction and it is highly luminescent that with 51% fluorescent quantum yield. In this sensor, the fluorescent intensity of N‐CQDs was found to be efficient quenched by Fe3+, upon addition of melamine the fluorescent intensity of N‐CQDs‐Fe3+ could gradually recover, which may because of the competitive combination of Fe3+ and melamine leading to the departure of Fe3+ from the N‐CQDs’ surface. Under optimum conditions, the fluorescence intensity has a good liner relationship with melamine in the range of 2.0 to 290 μM. The probe displayed good sensitivity toward melamine with a lower detection limit of 0.67 μM. In addition, this fluorescence probe has been used for the analysis of milk samples, demonstrating the fluorescence probe has potential application in the detection of melamine.
Single‐ and Double‐Shelled CoFe2O4 Nanoparticles as Highly Efficient Magnetic Separable Photocatalysts
Authors: Mansournia Mohammadreza , Ghaderi Leila
Published: January 2019

In this paper, we have reported a facile strategy to fabricate a core/shell/shell structured CuO@ZnO@CoFe2O4 nanocomposite with enhanced UV‐light‐driven photocatalytic activity that is capable of fast magnetic separation. Photocatalytic examination of the as‐prepared photocatalyst was carried out using methylene blue (MB) solution under UV irradiation. A hypothesized reaction mechanism was presented, showing the introduction of CuO into ZnO@CoFe2O4 nanocomposite facilitates charge separation by trapping photo‐generated electrons, therefore improves the photocatalytic properties. The resultant multifunctional nanocomposite was thoroughly characterized by a series of techniques including XRD, EDX, FTIR, SEM, TEM and VSM.
Magnesium Aluminate Supported Cu Catalyst for Selective Transfer Hydrogenation of Biomass Derived Furfural to Furfuryl Alcohol with Formic Acid as Hydrogen Donor
Authors: Nagaiah Peddinti , Gidyonu Paleti , Ashokraju Muppala , Rao Madduluri Venkata , Challa Prathap , Burri David Raju , Kamaraju Seetha Rama Rao
Published: January 2019

Catalytic transfer hydrogenation (CTH) was concerned great attention because it does not need the use of high pressure H2. A series of Cu catalysts has been prepared for transfer hydrogenation of biomass derived furfural to furfuryl alcohol with formic acid. The prepared Cu based catalysts are thoroughly characterized by various technique such as XRD, TPR, TPD (NH3, CO2), TEM, FT‐IR, UV‐Vis, N2O pulse chemisorption and N2‐physorption method. For a comparison point of view, the activity tests of various copper based catalysts have also been carried out. Among all these, MgAl2O4 (MA) supported copper catalyst was found to be the best to give 90% selectivity of furfuryl alcohol from transfer hydrogenation of furfural. The excellent yield of furfuryl alcohol could be attributed to high density of surface active Cu species, proper surface acidic‐basic properties and metal support interaction. Moreover, Cu/MA catalyst was simply recovered and reused, which retained its original activity even after reaction without significant loss of original activity. Supporting its reusability and stability.
Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanohybrid–Assembled Microneedles as Mini‐Invasive Electrodes for Real‐Time Transdermal Biosensing
Authors: Jin Quanchang , Chen Hui‐Jiuan , Li Xiangling , Huang Xinshuo , Wu Qianni , He Gen , Hang Tian , Yang Chengduan , Jiang Zhen , Li Enlai , Zhang Aihua , Lin Zhihong , Liu Fanmao , Xie Xi
Published: January 2019

A variety of nanomaterial‐based biosensors have been developed to sensitively detect biomolecules in vitro, yet limited success has been achieved in real‐time sensing in vivo. The application of microneedles (MN) may offer a solution for painless and minimally‐invasive transdermal biosensing. However, integration of nanostructural materials on microneedle surface as transdermal electrodes remains challenging in applications. Here, a transdermal H2O2 electrochemical biosensor based on MNs integrated with nanohybrid consisting of reduced graphene oxide and Pt nanoparticles (Pt/rGO) is developed. The Pt/rGO significantly improves the detection sensitivity of the MN electrode, while the MNs are utilized as a painless transdermal tool to access the in vivo environment. The Pt/rGO nanostructures are protected by a water‐soluble polymer layer to avoid mechanical destruction during the MN skin insertion process. The polymer layer can readily be dissolved by the interstitial fluid and exposes the Pt/rGO on MNs for biosensing in vivo. The applications of the Pt/rGO‐integrated MNs for in situ and real‐time sensing of H2O2 in vivo are demonstrated both on pigskin and living mice. This work offers a unique real‐time transdermal biosensing system, which is a promising tool for sensing in vivo with high sensitivity but in a minimally‐invasive manner.
Adaptive capacity to climate change: A synthesis of concepts, methods, and findings in a fragmented field
Authors: Siders A.R.
Published: January 2019

Adaptive capacity is an important element of long‐term adaptation to climate change and is the focus of a rapidly growing body of research. Interdisciplinary growth has the potential to introduce new methods and insights, but it could also cause fragmentation and hamper methodological development or limit transfer of academic insights to climate change adaptation practice. This article uses qualitative content, bibliometric, and citation network analyses to systematically review the scope, methods, and findings of 276 studies on adaptive capacity of social and social‐ecological systems. The review demonstrates that adaptive capacity research is highly interdisciplinary; covers a wide range of sectors, geographic locations, and scales of analysis; and is highly fragmented. The majority of empirical studies are isolated by lack of comparative work and cross‐field citation. Forty‐six percent of studies reviewed do not cite prior works on adaptive capacity: even those on similar topics in the same geographic location. Methods to assess adaptive capacity have proliferated to include more than 64 indicator‐based indices or frameworks and 37 proxy outcome measures. The article argues that lack of either consensus or debate across the literature raises concerns that scientific progress in the field may be constrained and the ability of adaptive capacity research to inform adaptation practice may be limited. To promote consistency and transparency in future work, 158 determinants of adaptive capacity are defined and illustrated with common assessment indicators and examples. Additional opportunities for progress are noted with suggestions for future research.

This article is categorized under:

Vulnerability and Adaptation to Climate Change > Institutions for Adaptation
Continuum limit of fishnet graphs and AdS sigma model
Authors: Basso Benjamin , Zhong De-liang
Published: January 2019

Abstract

We consider the continuum limit of 4d planar fishnet diagrams using integrable spin chain methods borrowed from the

$$ \mathcal{N} $$

N

= 4 Super-Yang-Mills theory. These techniques give us control on the scaling dimensions of single-trace operators for all values of the coupling constant in the fishnet theory. We use them to study the thermodynamical limit of the BMN operator corresponding to the spin chain ferromagnetic vacuum. We find that its scaling dimension exhibits a critical behaviour when the coupling constant approaches Zamolodchikov’s critical coupling. Analysis close to that point suggests that the continuum limit of the fishnet graphs is controlled by the two-dimensional AdS
5 non-linear sigma model. More generally, we present evidence that the fishnet diagrams define an integrable lattice regularization of the AdS
5 model. A system of massless TBA equations is derived for the tachyon energy by dualizing the TBA equations of the weakly coupled planar

$$ \mathcal{N} $$

N

= 4 SYM theory.
Removal of Non-economic Damage Caps is Not Associated with Reductions in Early Imaging for Low Back Pain
Authors: Dy Christopher J. , Pesko Michael F. , Keller Matthew , Sepper Elizabeth , Olsen Margaret A.
Published: January 2019

Background

Supporters of medical liability reform contend that caps on non-economic damages will decrease defensive medicine.

Questions/Purposes

We examined whether removal of caps on non-economic damages affect one type of defensive medical practice, early imaging for new-onset low back pain.

Patients and Methods

Using administrative claims data, we retrospectively studied adult patients evaluated for new-onset low back pain from 2007 to 2012. We included patients from two states that had caps on non-economic damages struck down in 2010 ( n = 462, 604) and patients from adjacent states ( n = 781, 963). Using a difference-in-differences approach, we evaluated the impact of non-economic damage caps on early imaging while adjusting for physician specialty, patient characteristics, and year- and state-level fixed effects.

Results

There was no association between non-economic damage caps and early imaging for low back pain among all providers. Removal of a non-economic damage cap was also not associated with a significant change in early imaging within the two cap-removal states. Subgroup analysis by physician specialty demonstrated significantly increased use of early imaging for low back pain by orthopedic or neurological surgeons in the first 12 months following cap removal in one state (but this difference did not persist beyond 12 months). In the other cap-removal state, early imaging increased among orthopedic and neurological surgeons more than 12 months after cap removal.

Conclusion

We found no association between caps on non-economic damages and early imaging for low back pain among all physicians. However, our subgroup analysis suggests that physician specialties may respond to non-economic damage cap policies differently.
One color fits all: product category color norms and (a)typical package colors
Authors: Garaus Marion , Halkias Georgios
Published: January 2019

Despite the growing amount of research on different aspects of product package design, there is lack of empirical evidence with regard to how package color perceptions may influence consumer preferences. Based on categorization theory, the present paper explores responses to package colors that conform or do not conform to product category color norms. Results of two experiments show that atypical package colors implicate negative consequences to the brand. Findings indicate that perceived package color atypicality increases consumers’ skepticism and, contrary to expectations, decreases interest. These affective reactions negatively influence consumers’ product attitude which subsequently translates into lower purchase intention. The results provide important insights for theory and practice.
Study on the method of precision adjustment of star sensor
Authors: Wang Xiaoyan , Zheng Ran , Wu Yanpeng , Sun Jianbo , Zhong Jun , Wang Long , Wang Miaomiao
Published: January 2019

Star sensors are indispensable spatial measurement sensors for high-resolution earth observation and astronomical observations, and the demand for high measurement accuracy of satellite sensors continues to increase; thus, the star sensor optical machine adjustment error cannot be ignored. The commonly used installation error correction method cannot solely meet the precision analysis requirements. In this paper, the relationship between the optical machine installation and the star sensor measurement error is analyzed, and several common adjustment error correction methods are compared. An adjustment method for optical machines is proposed to meet the requirements of very high precision star sensors. The assembly precision requirements of the investigated very high precision star sensor are analyzed considering the whole machine, and then the optical components are controlled through optical precision adjustments to satisfy the precision requirements. Finally, through the complete machine calibration, the star sensor precision adjustment for an optical machine structure is verified. This method meets the requirements of very high precision sensors and is suitable for the precision adjustment of optical machine structures, which is of practical significance to improve the precision of star sensors.
Fourfold amplification of solitary-wave Mach reflection at a vertical wall
Authors: Knowles Jeffrey , Yeh Harry
Published: January 2019

With the use of a higher-order Euler formulation, we numerically study the reflection of an obliquely incident solitary wave at a vertical wall and compare results with the higher-order Kadomtsev–Petviashvili theory. A maximum amplification of 3.91 is achieved along the wall, nearly realizing the fourfold prediction by Miles (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 79 (1), 1977, pp. 171–179).
Effect of Interlayer on the Elastic-Plastic Deformation of Coating Systems
Authors: Guo Y. X. , Zhao Y. W.
Published: January 2019

The finite element method (FEM) was used to study the elastic-plastic contact in the coating systems with interlayer. The results reveal that with the increase of interlayer thickness, the maximum shear stress of coating/interlayer and interlayer/substrate interfaces decreases. Moreover, the sharply changed shear stress between the interfaces of coating/interlayer and interlayer/substrate decreases too. There is no further decrease when interlayer thickness increase to 0.04 mm and above. With the increasing of interlayer elastic modulus, the shear stress of coating/interlayer interface decreases while the shear stress of interlayer/substrate interface increases. Meanwhile, the higher elastic modulus leads to the intensive tensile stress concentration on the interface of coating/interlayer. Hence, the interlayer with appropriate elastic modulus not only reduces the shear stress of coating/interlayer and interlayer/substrate interfaces but also decreases the tensile stress of coating/interlayer interface. The mechanical properties of coating systems were investigated with different interlayer yield strength. The effective hardness and elastic modulus increase with the increase of interlayer yield strength, which is good to protect the substrate from the deformation. In addition, higher indentation load can lead to the decrease of effective hardness and elastic modulus.
Anatomy for All: Medical Knowledge on the Fairground inFin-de-SiècleVienna
Authors: George Alys X.
Published: January 2019

Recent scholarship on the history of science and medicine has begun to consider the diversity of sites, markets, and audiences for scientific knowledge. This article investigates a single publicly accessible location: Vienna's Prater park. At a time when the Second Vienna Medical School led the world in anatomy and pathology, two case studies demonstrate how knowledge about human anatomy entered thefin-de-siècleViennese public sphere in a noninstitutional setting. Josef Hyrtl, an anatomist, and Hermann Präuscher, a showman, employed targeted marketing strategies for their anatomical preparations to facilitate the circulation of anatomical knowledge among the socially diverse audiences that congregated on the fairground. Examining how anatomy was visualized and discursively constructed, alongside questions of site, accessibility, and audience response, sheds light on a pivotal historical moment when the meaning of the human body was undergoing significant transformation in Austrian society.