bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Giant Morgagni hernia and aorto-pulmonary collaterals in a Loeys–Dietz patient undergoing surgery for aortic root aneurysm and mitral valve prolapse
Authors: Lo Presti Federica , Palmiero Giuseppe , Limongelli Giuseppe , Della Corte Alessandro
Published: July 2024

The case of a Loeys–Dietz syndrome patient undergoing mitral valve repair and composite aortic root and valve replacement is here described: preoperative CT scan unravelled a previously misdiagnosed Morgagni hernia (anterior diaphragmatic), containing omentum only, compressing the right ventricle. Intraoperatively, an abnormal oxygenated blood backflow into the left ventricle was observed, postoperatively found to be caused by major aorto-pulmonary collateral arteries. This is the 1st case of Morgagni hernia and systemic-pulmonary shunt ever reported associated with Loeys–Dietz syndrome. These congenital features may be important in both phenotyping and surgical management.
Circle Homeomorphisms with Square Summable Diamond Shears
Authors: Šarić Dragomir , Wang Yilin , Wolfram Catherine
Published: July 2024

We introduce and study the space of homeomorphisms of the circle (up to Möbius transformations), which are in $\ell ^{2}$ with respect to modular coordinates called diamond shears along the edges of the Farey tessellation. Diamond shears are related combinatorially to shear coordinates and are also closely related to the $\log \Lambda $-lengths of decorated Teichmüller space introduced by Penner. We obtain sharp results comparing this new class to the Weil–Petersson class and Hölder classes of circle homeomorphisms. We also express the Weil–Petersson metric tensor and symplectic form in terms of infinitesimal shears and diamond shears.
Acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) in a young man with unknown multiple and mixed Valvular heart diseases: case report
Authors: Lahmouz Youssef , Nana Frederick , Faid Soumia , Britel Driss , Loudiyi Nadia , Faliouni Hicham , Mouine Najat , Lakhal Zouhair , Benyass Aatif
Published: July 2024

Although the incidence of systemic thromboembolism in valvular heart disease has been reported to be as high as 10% to 35%, embolization to the coronary arteries is uncommon. We present a case of a patient with acute myocardial infarction caused by coronary thromboemboli associated with combined valvular heart disease and atrial fibrillation. The thromboemboli were documented in the left descending artery. Coronary interventions including thromboaspiration and percutaneous coronary balloon angioplasty were attempted.
High prevalence of short telomeres in idiopathic porto-sinusoidal vascular disorder
Authors: Coukos Alexander , Saglietti Chiara , Sempoux Christine , Haubitz Monika , Greuter Thomas , Mittaz-Crettol Laureane , Maurer Fabienne , Mdawar-Bailly Elise , Moradpour Darius , Alberio Lorenzo , Good Jean-Marc , Baerlocher Gabriela M. , Fraga Montserrat
Published: July 2024

Background:

Telomeres prevent damage to coding DNA as end-nucleotides are lost during mitosis. Mutations in telomere maintenance genes cause excessive telomere shortening, a condition known as short telomere syndrome (STS). One hepatic manifestation documented in STS is porto-sinusoidal vascular disorder (PSVD).

Methods:

As the etiology of many cases of PSVD remains unknown, this study explored the extent to which short telomeres are present in patients with idiopathic PSVD.

Results:

This monocentric cross-sectional study included patients with histologically defined idiopathic PSVD. Telomere length in 6 peripheral blood leukocyte subpopulations was assessed using fluorescent in situ hybridization and flow cytometry. Variants of telomere-related genes were identified using high-throughput exome sequencing. In total, 22 patients were included, of whom 16 (73%) had short (9/22) or very short (7/22) telomeres according to age-adjusted reference ranges. Fourteen patients (64%) had clinically significant portal hypertension. Shorter telomeres were more frequent in males (p = 0.005) and patients with concomitant interstitial lung disease (p < 0.001), chronic kidney disease (p < 0.001), and erythrocyte macrocytosis (p = 0.007). Portal hypertension (p = 0.021), low serum albumin level (p < 0.001), low platelet count (p = 0.007), and hyperbilirubinemia (p = 0.053) were also associated with shorter telomeres. Variants in known STS-related genes were identified in 4 patients with VSTel and 1 with STel.

Conclusions:

Short and very short telomeres were highly prevalent in patients with idiopathic PSVD, with 31% presenting with variants in telomere-related genes. Telomere biology may play an important role in vascular liver disease development. Clinicians should consider measuring telomeres in any patient presenting with PSVD.
The Effect of Yoga on Premenstrual Distress, Quality of Life, and Stress Level
Authors: Erdoğan Meryem , Atan Şenay Ünsal , Şenyuva İrem
Published: July 2024

The study aims to evaluate the effect of yoga on the premenstrual syndrome, perceived stress level and the quality of life. The study was conducted as a randomized controlled trial at a university in Turkey. A yoga group = 39, a control group = 41, total of n = 80 female students participated in the study. In the study, firstly, the preview was made, then the yoga group was applied two days a week for eight weeks, the second follow-up was made after the application, and lastly, the last follow-up was made in the 24th week. Four questionnaire surveys were applied on students. When the yoga group compared with the control group in terms of premenstrual syndrome, the quality of life and perceived stress level in the 2nd follow-up, a statistically significant decrease was found in the mean between the menstrual and premenstrual period, and the quality of life increases in the yoga group compared to the control group students. Practicing yoga in university students with premenstrual syndrome reduced premenstrual symptoms and raised quality of life. Yoga can be recommended to girls with premenstrual syndrome (PMS) to reduce PMS and improve quality of life.
Examining the Factors Affecting Psychological Well-Being in Certified Nurse Aides Working at Long-Term Care Institutions
Authors: CHEN Shiu-Ping , LIAO Hui-Yen , KUO Ju-Chuan , PAI Hsiang-Chu
Published: July 2024

Background

The demand for certified nurse aides (CNAs) in long-term care institutions is gradually increasing. Factors such as well-being that positively influence the work of CNAs have been inadequately explored in the literature.

Purpose

This study was designed to examine the relationships among social support, self-efficacy, demographics, and psychological well-being in CNAs during the recent COVID-19 pandemic and to assess the moderating role of social support on self-efficacy and well-being in this population.

Methods

In this quantitative correlational study, CNAs from 24 legally registered long-term care institutions were recruited as participants. Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire, the General Self-Efficacy Scale, the Social Support Scale, and the Chinese Happiness Inventory. Partial least squares structural equation modeling was used to test the research hypotheses model. The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology checklist was followed in this cross-sectional study.

Results

A total of 148 CNAs were enrolled as participants. The mean age of the participants was 46.48 years. Social support and having children were identified as being significantly and positively correlated with well-being, and self-efficacy was identified as having no significant impact on well-being. Importantly, social support was found to moderate the relationship between self-efficacy and well-being. Overall, social support and having children were important predictors of well-being, with a combined explanatory power of 41.6% (Q
2 = .28, f
2 = 0.40).

Conclusions/Implications for Practice

Self-efficacy was found to be less predictive of well-being in the presence of higher levels of social support. Being a parent was also identified as an important factor affecting the well-being of CNAs under stress. Managers of long-term care institutions should intervene to improve the CNA's social support. Also, CNAs who do not have children should pay more attention to their well-being.
Development and Validation of the Dementia Caregiver Burden Scale: A Tool for Community-Dwelling Dementia Caregiver
Authors: CHO Mijung , KIM Oksoo
Published: July 2024

Background

The number of patients with dementia increases rapidly in aging populations. Dementia is an irreversible disease that causes a patient to be dependent on others' care and also causes family caregivers to experience difficulties in multiple domains.

Purpose

In this study, a dementia caregiver's burden scale that addresses family caregivers' characteristics and caring environments was developed and validated.

Methods

In-depth interviews with nine caregivers were conducted to identify the attributes of perceived burden and establish preliminary questions. Content validity was confirmed by seven experts using the item content validity index and scale content validity index/average. Construct validity, criterion-related validity, and reliability were verified using data from 205 primary caregivers of patients with dementia.

Results

Exploratory factor analysis revealed that five factors, including physical health deterioration, responsibility and role of caregiver, emotional distress, medical expense concerns, and family conflict, and 24 items explained 68.6% of the total variance. The calculated Cronbach's α for the overall scale was .96.

Conclusions

The scale developed in this study may be used to measure the burden perceived by family caregivers of patients with dementia in the physical, emotional, social, financial, and situational domains. Also, the scale may be used to guide the development of tailored interventions that take into consideration different family caregiver and caring situation-related characteristics.
DNA methylation urine test in the diagnosis of upper tract urothelial carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ye Jianjun , Wang Xiaoli , Liao Xinyang , Chen Ye , Chen Zeyu , Wang Qihao , Ai Jianzhong , Wei Qiang , Bao Yige
Published: July 2024

Objective:

The DNA methylation urine test, a noninvasive early detection method for upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC), is currently in full swing. This study aimed to systematically assess its diagnostic performance on UTUC.

Materials and methods:

PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Cochrane were our main databases when searching articles published from January 2000 to December 2023. Sensitivity and specificity were study primary endpoints. I
2 was used to evaluated heterogeneity, meanwhile subgroup and meta-regression analyses were adopted to investigated the source of heterogeneity. Sensitivity analysis was performed to evaluate the result robustness, while Deeks’ funnel plot asymmetry test was for the publication bias.

Results:

Nine studies with 1326 patients were included. The pooled sensitivity was 0.89 (95% CI: 0.83–0.93) and specificity were 0.91 (95% CI: 0.83–0.96). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.96 (95% CI: 0.93–0.97). Substantial heterogeneity was found during the data synthesis, whereas the pooled results remained robust in the sensitivity analysis. None of the potential covariates—urine sample collection method, population, country, methylation test method, or tumor grade—could account for the heterogeneity.

Conclusion:

DNA methylation urine test is a promising method with high efficiency for UTUC early detection. Nevertheless, owing to the significant heterogeneity, more well-organized studies are warranted to further explore its diagnostic efficiency and application context.
Visualizing thyroid health: a pictorial journey through 2017 ACR TI-RADS and common thyroid pathologies
Authors: Dahal Prajwal , Parajuli Sabina , Pradhan Prajina
Published: July 2024

With the advent of high-resolution ultrasonography (HRUS), more thyroid nodules are being detected than ever before, and they are being identified at an earlier stage. It poses a challenge for radiologists and clinicians in deciding what to do next. Most nodules are benign and require no follow-up and intervention. Even highly suspicious nodules can be followed up, if the size is small. Variations in HRUS interpretation among radiologists are common, with frequent misidentifications between spongiform and solid-cystic lesions, hypoechoic and very hypoechoic nodules, and microcalcification and hyperechoic foci with comet-tail artifacts. Cystic lesions with echogenic contents are often confused with solid nodules, cystic papillary carcinoma thyroid is often confused with colloid cysts. The 2017 ACR TI-RADS (American College of Radiology Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System) aims to standardize the interpretation of thyroid nodules and guide further management. Rather than giving specific diagnosis like colloid cyst, adenomatous nodule and papillary carcinoma; ACR TI-RADS classifies nodules from TI-RADS 1 to TI-RADS 5 based on HRUS characteristics and recommends further management. What the authors often read are textual contents that are theoretical, and in practice, the authors get confused while interpreting the characteristics of thyroid nodules. This review offers a detailed visual overview of the 2017 ACR TI-RADS and common thyroid conditions, explaining key features through imaging data and examples for consistent interpretation. Combining textual explanations with visual aids, this article provides practical guidance for interpreting thyroid nodules for radiologists, and clinicians seeking a clear understanding of thyroid imaging and pathology.
Rare occurrence of sagittal sinus thrombosis and haemorrhagic infarction with dengue fever: jumping from traditional symptoms to lethal neurological consequences
Authors: Abbasher Hussien Mohamed Ahmed Khabab , Abbasher AlHussein , Siddig Amira , Abbasher Mohammed , Abbasher Abubaker Alsedig , Abdelhaleem Omar Ahmed Ali , Shihab Hamednalla Abdelgader Zinab , Hassan Salih Elhaj Esraa , Ahsan Areeba , Mustafa Ahmed Ghassan E. , Hussien Abbasher
Published: July 2024

Introduction and importance:

Dengue virus (DENV) is an RNA virus transmitted by Aides mosquito causing dengue fever. There is growing recognition of neurological symptoms associated with DENV infection, some of which might be lethal if left untreated. Case reports describing sagittal sinus thrombosis, as a serious neurologic consequence of dengue infection, are rare. It is still unknown how often sagittal sinus thrombosis occurs and what variables increase the risk in dengue patients.

Case presentation:

Herein the authors presented an elderly Sudanese patient diagnosed with dengue fever. He was admitted, then 2 days after admission, the condition was complicated by atrial fibrillation, sagittal sinus thrombosis complicated by massive left temporal lobe infarction with haemorrhagic transformation and recurrent episodes of status epilepticus. After receiving the necessary care, his condition remained the same and no progress or deterioration was seen.

Clinical discussion:

Sagittal sinus thrombosis can happen due to several underlying causes. DENV can very rarely lead to such condition. The authors’ patient developed this condition, which was later complicated by ischaemic stroke with haemorrhagic transformation and status epilepticus. In addition to a familial history of DVT and a history of myocardial infarction, our patient also acquired cardiac mural thrombus and DVT throughout his illness, which increased the suspicion of a protein C, protein S, or antithrombin 3 deficiency.

Conclusion:

Sagittal sinus thrombosis with haemorrhagic infarction associated with thrombocytopenia is a very rare kind of stroke that occurs in dengue. Dengue as a pathogenic mechanism of ischaemic stroke requires validation with further data.
Gingivo-Periosteal Expansion of Edentulous Jaw Crest with An Osmotic Self-Inflatable Expander: A Preclinical in Vivo Study
Authors: Lee Chang Youn , Mustakim Kezia Rachellea , Eo Mi Young , Kim Soung Min
Published: July 2024

This study examined the biocompatibility and expansion volume of tissue expanders utilizing rabbits and beagles as experimental models. The self-inflatable expander was provided using a Tissue balloon® (Neobiotech Co., Seoul, Korea). In 9 adult rabbits, a Tissue balloon® was placed under the lateral mandibular periosteum via an extraoral approach. After 2, 3, and 4 weeks (n=3), the expanders were removed, and soft tissue and bone samples were collected for analysis. Histomorphometric analysis and measurements of expander characteristics were performed. In 5 Beagles, all premolars were extracted. Three months after extraction, tissue expanders were placed in the maxilla and mandible, adjacent to dental extraction sites, and removed after 3 weeks. Gingival parameters were measured before and after expansion. Blood perfusion in the oral mucosa was assessed using a laser Doppler flowmeter at different time points. After three weeks, dogs were euthanized, and tissue samples were collected for histologic analysis, focusing on inflammatory response, bone formation, and gingival thickness changes. In the rabbit study, measurements of size, weight, and volume showed significant increases over 4 weeks. Swelling peaked at 2 weeks postimplantation and then gradually stabilized. Histologic examination revealed no signs of inflammation, and expanders were covered by collagen-rich capsules. Some bone resorption was noted due to pressure from the expanders, but the resorption was not significant. In the beagle study, twenty tissue expanders were implanted; 1 expander was lost, and 9 wounds dehisced during soft tissue healing. However, no signs of infection were noted. Histologic evaluation showed bone atrophy, attributed to swelling pressure, at the recipient site. Gingival thickness was not decreased. Perfusion measurements indicated that expansion did not affect microvascular circulation adversely. Overall, both studies suggest that tissue expanders demonstrate biocompatibility and successful expansion volume in vivo, with minimal adverse effects on surrounding tissues and microvascular circulation.
Enhancing Specialized Nursing Practice Through Collaborative Academic Advancement
Authors: LeBlanc Kimberly
Published: July 2024

In response to the escalating demand for highly skilled nursing practitioners in wound, ostomy, and continence (WOC) care, a collaboration between the Nurses Specialized in Wound, Ostomy, and Continence Canada (NSWOCC) and Curtin University, Perth, Australia, has emerged. This unique pathway aims to bridge the gap between practical expertise and academic excellence, offering a transformative opportunity for nursing professionals to elevate their skills and credentials. This comprehensive program integrates real-world experience with advanced academic concepts, enabling participants can to pursue a Master of Advanced Practice (MC-ADVPRC) in Wound, Ostomy, and Continence Nursing, positioning themselves as leaders in specialized health care. NSWOCC Feature highlights the programs’ unique features and potential impact on the future of nursing practice.
Ostomy Care Nurses’ Knowledge and Practice Related to Prevention and Management of Parastomal Hernias in Adults
Authors: Smith Clare , Cook Neal
Published: July 2024

PURPOSE:

The purpose of this study was to describe the knowledge and practices of ostomy care nurses related to the United Kingdom’s Association of Stoma Care Nurses (ASCN) 2016 guidelines for prevention and management of parastomal hernia (PSH) in adults.

DESIGN:

Cross-sectional descriptive study.

SUBJECTS AND SETTING:

The target population was approximately 300 stoma care nurses; 120 useable responses to the survey were received, reflecting a response rate of approximately 40%.

METHODS:

A 31-item questionnaire was developed for the purposes of this study, consisting of multiple choice and short answer questions grouped into 2 sections; demographics, and knowledge and practices. The questionnaire was distributed to members of the ASCN who work with adults via an online survey platform with the aim of reaching as many respondents as possible. The Chi-square test was used to determine relationships between the nominal demographic data and the nominal knowledge and practices data.

RESULTS:

Almost two-thirds of respondents (65%, n = 78) rated their knowledge relating to prevention and management of PSH as good or excellent. Nevertheless, 79.8% (n = 95) indicated they needed additional education to improve their knowledge and practice related to prevention of PSH. Those who rated their knowledge as excellent or good were significantly more likely to be aware of the guidelines compared to those who ranked their knowledge as average or poor.

CONCLUSIONS:

Study findings suggest variability in knowledge among UK stoma care nurses, along with a desire for additional education in this area of care.
Examination of the Odor-Eliminating Effect of a Deodorizing Spray on the Volatile Odorants of Malignant Wounds
Authors: Matsubara Yasumi , Kiyonmiya Mie , Nagayasu Takahiro
Published: July 2024

PURPOSE:

This study aimed to compare the odor components before and after spraying a deodorizing spray (DS) on volatile odorants in malignant wounds (MWs) in women with breast cancer; a secondary aim was to evaluate the deodorizing effect of the DS.

DESIGN:

This is an observational study.

SUBJECTS AND SETTING:

We investigated 3 patients who had MWs resulting from breast cancer. Participants were recruited from outpatient clinics in the Breast Surgery Department, University Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan.

METHODS:

The target material was exudate-containing dressings collected from MWs. After collection, the odor components (air) were collected into a sampling bag by using a handheld pump. Then, after 5 sprays of a DS, air was collected in the same manner. All odor components were analyzed objectively by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-olfactometry (GC/MS-O). The concentration in parts per million (ppm) of the main odor components in the air before and after spraying DS was compared, and the residual concentration rate (%) was calculated. Sniffing tests before and after spraying were also conducted to determine the subjective deodorizing effect of DS.

RESULTS:

Of the possible hundreds of volatile odorants, 3 to 11 main components of volatile odorants were detected per subject. After DS spraying, the odorants dimethyl disulfide, dimethyl trisulfide, and benzyl alcohol were reduced according to GC/MS-O. The residual concentration of the following main odor components was also reduced: benzyl alcohol (30%), octanal (56%), p-dichlorobenzene (56%), isovaleric acid (56%), propylene glycol (63%), and nonanal (66%).

CONCLUSIONS:

DS was effective against some volatile odorants in MWs, but no clear deodorizing effect was observed. Since there are individual differences in the type and number of odorants in MWs, the use of DS needs to be examined and verified in a larger number of cases.
Geographical distribution, disease association and diversity of Klebsiella pneumoniae K/L and O antigens in India: roadmap for vaccine development
Authors: Shamanna Varun , Srinivas Srikanth , Couto Natacha , Nagaraj Geetha , Sajankila Shyama Prasad , Krishnappa Harshitha Gangaiah , Kumar Kavitha Arakalgud , Aanensen David M. , Lingegowda Ravikumar Kadahalli ,   NIHR Global Health Research Unit on genomic surveillance - India consortium
Published: July 2024

Klebsiella pneumoniae poses a significant healthcare challenge due to its multidrug resistance and diverse serotype landscape. This study aimed to explore the serotype diversity of 1072 K. pneumoniae and its association with geographical distribution, disease severity and antimicrobial/virulence patterns in India. Whole-genome sequencing was performed on the Illumina platform, and genomic analysis was carried out using the Kleborate tool. The analysis revealed a total of 78 different KL types, among which KL64 (n=274/1072, 26 %), KL51 (n=249/1072, 24 %), and KL2 (n=88/1072, 8 %) were the most prevalent. In contrast, only 13 distinct O types were identified, with O1/O2v1 (n=471/1072, 44 %), O1/O2v2 (n=353/1072, 33 %), and OL101 (n=66/1072, 6 %) being the predominant serotypes. The study identified 114 different sequence types (STs) with varying serotypes, with ST231 being the most predominant. O serotypes were strongly linked with STs, with O1/O2v1 predominantly associated with ST231. Simpson’s diversity index and Fisher’s exact test revealed higher serotype diversity in the north and east regions, along with intriguing associations between specific serotypes and resistance profiles. No significant association between KL or O types and disease severity was observed. Furthermore, we found the specific association of virulence factors yersiniabactin and aerobactin (P<0.05) with KL types but no association with O antigen types (P>0.05). Conventionally described hypervirulent clones (i.e. KL1 and KL2) in India lacked typical virulent markers (i.e. aerobactin), contrasting with other regional serotypes (KL51). The cumulative distribution of KL and O serotypes suggests that future vaccines may have to include either ~20 KL or four O types to cover >85 % of the carbapenemase-producing Indian K. pneumoniae population. The results highlight the necessity for comprehensive strategies to manage the diverse landscape of K. pneumoniae strains across different regions in India. Understanding regional serotype dynamics is pivotal for targeted surveillance, interventions, and tailored vaccine strategies to tackle the diverse landscape of K. pneumoniae infections across India. This article contains data hosted by Microreact.
Dynamin 1-mediated endocytic recycling of glycosylated N-cadherin sustains the plastic mesenchymal state to promote ovarian cancer metastasis
Authors: Cai Yuee , To Sally K. Y. , Guan Zhangyan , Tong Yin , Zhang Jiangwen , Peng Ling , Ip Philip P. C. , Wong Alice S. T.
Published: July 2024

Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a key process that confers metastatic plasticity to ovarian cancer cells, enabling them to disseminate aggressively throughout the peritoneal cavity and contributing to poor clinical outcomes for patients. However, a pharmacologically exploitable driver of EMT in ovarian cancer has yet to be identified. To address this, we utilized a master regulators algorithm to prioritize EMT regulators from a dataset of over 8,000 patient samples, including multidimensional omics data from more than 20 cancer types in TCGA. Further analysis identified dynamin-1 (DNM1), an endocytic regulator, as a novel master regulator of EMT in ovarian cancer. Clinically, DNM1 overexpression was found to be associated with the mesenchymal subtype and advanced/metastatic stages of ovarian carcinomas. Molecular assays revealed that DNM1 upregulates N-cadherin, a hallmark mesenchymal marker, by promoting its endocytosis and recycling, thereby inducing cell polarization and motility. In addition, integration of ATAC-seq and RNA-seq analyses uncovered the repression of beta-1,3-galactosyltransferase (B3GALT1), a glycosyltransferase, in metastatic cells. B3GALT1-mediated glycosylation hindered the recycling of N-cadherin. Functional studies demonstrated that depletion of DNM1 or pharmacological inhibition of endocytic recycling significantly impaired cell polarity, migration, and also cancer stemness. Importantly,in vivoexperiments showed that the loss of DNM1 significantly suppressed peritoneal metastatic colonization. Interestingly, metastatic cells with elevated DNM1-mediated endocytosis showed increased susceptibility to nanoparticle delivery. Collectively, these results establish the DNM1-N-cadherin axis as an important regulator of EMT-associated ovarian cancer metastasis and suggest its potential as a biomarker for targeted nanodrug therapy.
FLASH radiotherapy using high-energy X-rays: validation of the FLASH effect triggered by a compact single high-energy X-ray source device
Authors: Lin Binwei , Du Huan , Yang Yiwei , Hao Xiaofei , Gao Feng , Liang Yuwen , Tang Wenqiang , Xu Haonan , Tang Mingming , Liao Yao , Wang Decai , Lin Bo , Zhu Yihan , Wang Tingting , Gu Runqiu , Miao Xin , He Yixiao , Li Jie , zhou zheng , Wang Jianxin , Wu Dai , Du Xiaobo
Published: July 2024

Purpose: This preclinical study aimed to verify the FLASH effect of compact single high-energy X-ray source (CHEXs) and to explore whether three irradiations with single-gantry rotation two 30 s pauses can generate FLASH effect in mice. Materials and methods: The absolute dose and pulsed beam of the CHEXs were measured using an EBTXD radiochromic film and fast current transformer. Healthy C57BL/6J female mice and a subcutaneous tumor model were irradiated under different conditions: sham (control), FLASH-RT (FLASH1: delivering the total dose in 1 fraction; FLASH3: delivering the total dose with two 30 second pauses to simulate a three-field delivery where the gantry rotation is occurring within 30 seconds), and conventional dose rate radiotherapy (CONV-RT). Various total doses were administered to the corresponding normal tissues (whole thorax, 30 Gy; whole abdomen, 12 Gy; and skin, 36 Gy) and tumors (CT26, 16.5 Gy; and LLC, 18 Gy). Survival status, normal tissue damage, and tumor growth suppression were recorded in each group. Results: The average dose rate of the CHEXs exceeded 40 Gy/s. For whole-thorax and skin irradiation, both FLASH1 and FLASH3 demonstrated protective effects. For whole-abdomen irradiation, FLASH1 exhibited a superior protective effect. No significant differences in tumor growth responses were observed between the FLASH1, FLASH3, and CONV-RT groups (P>0.05). Conclusion: This study confirmed that the FLASH effect could be triggered using CHEXs FLASH radiotherapy, and demonstrated that three irradiations with single gantry rotation two 30 s pauses can trigger the FLASH effect, indicating the potential benefit of CHEXs 3D conformal radiotherapy. Our findings indicate that further clinical trials on CHEXs are warranted.
Artifact-Minimized High-Ratio Image Compression with Preserved Analysis Fidelity
Authors: Duan Bin , Walker Logan A , Xie Bin , Lee Wei Jie , Lin Alexander , Yan Yan , Cai Dawen
Published: July 2024

Recent advances in microscopy have pushed imaging data generation to an unprecedented scale. While scientists benefit from higher spatiotemporal resolutions and larger imaging volumes, the increasing data size presents significant storage, visualization, sharing, and analysis challenges. Lossless compression typically reduces the data size by <4 fold, whereas lossy compression trades smaller data size for the loss of a precise reconstruction of the original data. Here, we develop a novel quantization method and an artifact metric for automated compression parameter optimization that preserves information fidelity. We show that, when combined with the AV1 video codec, we achieve tens to ten thousand folds of data compression while introducing negligible visual defects or quantification errors in single-molecule localization and segmentation analyses. We developed an HDF5 filter with FFMPEG library support for convenient community adaptation. For instance, HDF5-enabled ImageJ plugins can now be seamlessly extended to support AV1 compression and visualization to handle terabyte-scale images.
The role ofpolycystic kidney disease-likehomologs in planarian nervous system regeneration and function
Authors: Ross Kelly G. , Zepeda Sarai Alvarez , Auwal Mohammad A. , Garces Audrey K. , Roman Sydney , Zayas Ricardo M.
Published: July 2024

Planarians are an excellent model for investigating molecular mechanisms necessary for regenerating a functional nervous system. Numerous studies have led to the generation of extensive genomic resources, especially whole-animal single-cell RNA-seq resources. These have facilitatedin silicopredictions of neuronal subtypes, many of which have been anatomically mapped by in situ hybridization. However, our knowledge of the function of dozens of neuronal subtypes remains poorly understood. Previous investigations identified thatpolycystic kidney disease (pkd)-likegenes in planarians are strongly expressed in sensory neurons and have roles in mechanosensation. Here, we examine the expression and function of all thepkdgenes found in theSchmidtea mediterraneagenome and map their expression in the asexual and hermaphroditic strains. Using custom behavioral assays, we test the function ofpkdgenes in response to mechanical stimulation and in food detection. Our work provides insight into the physiological function of sensory neuron populations and protocols for creating inexpensive automated setups for acquiring and analyzing mechanosensory stimulation in planarians.
Butterfly movements recorded from a UAV depict migratory flight behaviour in the wild
Authors: de Margerie Emmanuel , Monmasson Kyra
Published: July 2024

Tracking and understanding the movements of animals in the wild is a fast-growing area of research, known asmovement ecology. However, tracking small animals such as flying insects, which cannot easily carry an electronic tag, remains challenging as existing field methods are costly either in terms of equipment or tracking effort (e.g. VHF radio-tracking, scanning harmonic radar). Here we attempted to record the movements of free-flying butterflies from an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), maintaining a static position in the sky and recording video vertically downwards. With an appropriate flight height and image filtering algorithm, we recorded 166 flight tracks ofPierisbutterflies (P. brassicaeandP. rapae), with a median tracking length of 40 m (median flight duration 13 s), and a high temporal resolution of 30 positions per second. Average flight direction varied significantly over the course of the flying season, from a northward azimuth in June and early July, to a southward azimuth in September, a trans-generational migratory behaviour that had previously been documented by field observations or experiments in flight cages. In addition, UAV imagery unlocks the possibility to measure high-resolution flight movement patterns (e.g. path tortuosity and transverse oscillations), which will possibly help understand perceptual and locomotor mechanisms underlying spatial behaviour. We explore the technical details associated with UAV tracking methodology, and discuss its limitations, in particular the biases associated with a 2D projection of 3D flight movements, and the difficulty to distinguish between visually similar species, such asP. brassicaeandP. rapae.
Multimodal screen reveals noise regulatory proteins
Authors: García-Blay Óscar , Hu Xinyu , Wassermann Christin L. , van Bokhoven Tom , Struijs Fréderique M.B. , Hansen Maike M.K.
Published: July 2024

Gene-expression noise can influence cell-fate choices across pathology and physiology. However, a crucial question persists: do regulatory proteins or pathways exist that control noise independently of mean expression levels? Our integrative approach, combining single-cell RNA sequencing with proteomics and regulator enrichment analysis, reveals 32 putative noise regulators. SON, a nuclear speckle-associated protein, alters transcriptional noise without changing mean expression levels. Furthermore, SON’s noise regulation can propagate to the protein level. Long-read and total RNA sequencing shows that SON’s noise regulation does not significantly change isoform usage or splicing efficiency. Moreover, SON depletion reduces state-switching in pluripotent mouse embryonic stem cells and impacts their fate choice during differentiation. Collectively, we discover a class of proteins that regulates noise orthogonally to mean expression levels. This work serves as a proof-of-concept that can identify other functional noise-regulators throughout development and disease progression.
Tensor Kernel Learning for Classification of Alzheimer's Conditions using Multimodal Data
Authors: Vu Thanh Duy , Le Thanh Trung , Pham Tuan Minh , Nguyen Trung Linh , Merai Karim Abed , Adel Mouloud , Nguyen Dung Viet , Nguyen Trung Thanh , Dinh Long Doan , Chen Oliver Y.
Published: July 2024

Early, timely, and accurate assessment of Alzheimer's disease (AD), particularly at its earlier stage- mild cognitive impairment (MCI) -, is central to detecting, managing, and potentially treating the disease. The biological underpinnings of AD, however, is multifaceted, from genetic variations, abnormal protein accumulation, to irregular brain functions and structure. A joint analysis of these data, therefore, may offer potentially new insights about AD-related biomarkers and AD prediction. But such explorations must confront the complexity of these data: heterogeneity, multimodality and high-dimensionality. Here, to address these challenges, we propose a new machine-learning method, namely the tensor kernel learning (TKL), leveraging tensor methods and kernel learning, to enhance AD assessment by enhancing multi-modal data integration. More specifically, TKL first uses CP/PARAFAC decomposition and graph diffusion to fuse multiple kernels learned from four complementary data modalities (MRI, PET, CSF, and SNP data). We then used a supervised kernel for a kernel SVM classifier to identify potential patients. To evaluate the effectiveness of TKL, we apply it to data from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI; sample size n = 331 subjects), including cognitively normal individuals (CN), MCI subjects, and AD patients. TKL improves AD classification performance in both linear and nonlinear combinations, achieving accuracies of 91.31% for CN vs. AD, 81.45% for CN vs. MCI, and 78.27% for AD vs. MCI, compared to 85.48%, 70.89%, and 73.51% using the best single modality. Additionally, TKL reveals clearer, more structured patterns in the data, enhancing interpretation and understanding of the relationships among different modalities. Detailed implementation details of our method can be found at: https://github.com/thanhvd18/Tensor-Kernel-Learning-matlab.
A powdery mildew core effector protein targets host endosome tethering complexes HOPS and CORVET
Authors: Sabelleck Björn , Deb Sohini , Spanu Pietro D. , Thordal-Christensen Hans , Panstruga Ralph
Published: July 2024

Powdery mildew fungi are serious pathogens of many plant species. Their genomes encode extensive repertoires of secreted effector proteins that suppress host immunity. Here, we revised and analyzed the candidate secreted effector protein (CSEP) effectome of the barley powdery mildew fungus,Blumeria hordei(Bh) and identified seven CSEPs that are broadly conserved in powdery mildew fungal species, rendering them core effectors of these phytopathogens. We show that one of these, CSEP0214, interacts with the barley VPS18 protein, a core component of the CORVET and HOPS endosomal tethering complexes, mediating fusions of early endosomes and multivesicular bodies with the central vacuole, respectively. Overexpression of CSEP0214 and knockdown of eitherVPS18, HOPS-specificVPS41or CORVET-specificVPS8caused a block of the vacuolar pathway and the accumulation of the fluorescent vacuolar marker protein (SP)-RFP-AFVY in the endoplasmic reticulum. Co-immunoprecipitation and yeast two-hybrid experiments suggest that CSEP0214 blocks the interaction of VPS18 and VPS16, which are both core components of CORVET as well as HOPS. Additionally, expression of CSEP0214 blocked the hypersensitive cell death response associated with resistance gene-mediated immunity in barley, indicating that endomembrane traffic is required for this process. It also prevented callose deposition in cell wall appositions at attack sites and encasements of fungal infection structures. Our results indicate that this powdery mildew core effector is an essential immunity suppressor.

One sentence summary

TheBlumeria hordeieffector protein CSEP0214 interacts with barley VPS18, a core component of the CORVET and HOPS endosomal tethering complexes, thereby interfering with host endomembrane trafficking.
Effects of copepod chemical cues on intra- and extracellular toxins in two species ofDinophysis
Authors: Pourdanandeh Milad , Séchet Véronique , Carpentier Liliane , Réveillon Damien , Hervé Fabienne , Hubert Clarisse , Hess Philipp , Selander Erik
Published: July 2024

Copepods may contribute to harmful algal bloom formation by selectively rejecting harmful cells. Additionally, copepods and the chemical cues they exude, copepodamides, have been shown to induce increased toxin production in paralytic and amnesic toxin producing microalgae. However, it is unknown if diarrhetic shellfish toxin (DST) producers such asDinophysisrespond to copepods or copepodamides in a similar fashion. Here we expose laboratory cultures ofDinophysis sacculusandD. acuminatato direct grazing byAcartiasp. copepods or copepodamides and measure their toxins after three days. TotalDinophysis- produced toxins (DPTs), okadaic acid, pectenotoxin-2, and C9-diol ester of okadaic acid, increased by 8 - 45% inD. sacculusbut was significantly different from controls only in the highest (10 nM) copepodamide treatment whereas toxin content was not affected inD. acuminata.Growth rate was low across all groups and explained up to 91% of the variation in toxin content. DPTs were redistributed from internal compartments to the extracellular medium in the highest copepodamide treatments (5 - 10 nM), which were two to three times higher than controls and indicates an active release or passive leakage of toxins. Untargeted analysis of endometabolomes indicated significant changes in metabolite profiles for both species in response to the highest copepodamide treatments, independent of known toxins. However, it is not clear whether these are stress responses or caused by more complex mechanisms. The relatively small grazer-induced effect inDinophysisobserved here, compared to several species ofAlexandriumandPseudo-nitzschiareported previously, suggests that DPT production inDinophysisis likely not induced by copepods, except perhaps in patches with high copepod densities. Thus, DPTs may, represent either a constitutive chemical defence forDinophysis, or serve an altogether different purpose.
BCAS2 promotes primitive hematopoiesis by sequestering β-catenin within the nucleus
Authors: Ning Guozhu , Lin Yu , Ma Haixia , Zhang Jiaqi , Yang Liping , Liu Zhengyu , Li Lei , He Xinyu , Wang Qiang
Published: July 2024

Breast carcinoma amplified sequence 2 (BCAS2), a core component of the hPrP19 complex, plays an important role in RNA-splicing and DNA damage. However, whether BCAS2 has other functions within the nucleus remains largely unknown. Here, we show that BCAS2 is essential for primitive hematopoiesis in zebrafish and mouse embryos. The activation of Wnt/β-catenin signal, which is required for hematopoietic progenitor differentiation, is significantly decreased upon depletion ofbcas2in zebrafish embryos and mouse embryonic fibroblasts. Interestingly, haploinsufficiency ofbcas2has no obvious impact on the splicing efficiency of β-catenin pre-mRNA, while significantly attenuating β-catenin nuclear accumulation. Moreover, we find that BCAS2 directly binds to β-catenin via its coiled-coil domains, thereby sequestering β-catenin within the nucleus. Thus, our results uncover a previously unknown function of BCAS2 in promoting Wnt signaling by enhancing β-catenin nuclear retention during primitive hematopoiesis.
Ecology and environment predict spatially stratified risk of highly pathogenic avian influenza in wild birds across Europe
Authors: Hayes Sarah , Hilton Joe , Mould-Quevedo Joaquin , Donnelly Christl , Baylis Matthew , Brierley Liam
Published: July 2024

Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) represents a threat to animal health, human health, and economic prosperity, with the ongoing outbreak in wild and domestic animals since 2021 being the largest on record. This outbreak is associated with the 2.3.4.4b clade of influenza A, and it is as yet unclear what factors have contributed to its spread at the continental scale. In this study we use Bayesian additive regression trees, a machine learning method designed for probabilistic modelling of complex nonlinear phenomena, to construct species distribution models for HPAI presence across Europe. Using these models we identify factors driving the geospatial distribution of cases and project the distribution of risk across Europe. Our models are stratified by time to capture both seasonal changes in risk patterns and shifts in HPAI epidemiology associated with the introduction of the 2.3.4.4b clade. While previous studies have aimed to predict HPAI presence from physical geography, here we explicitly consider the impact of wild bird ecology by including in our model estimates of bird species richness, abundance of specific high-risk bird taxa, and “species-trait abundance indices” describing the total abundance of species with high-risk behavioural and/or dietary traits. Our projections point to a shift in concentration of risk towards cold, low-lying regions of coastal northwest Europe associated with 2.3.4.4b, with the margins of uncertainty extending that risk further into central and eastern Europe. In coastal northwest Europe specifically, we predict a persistence of high risk throughout the year. Methodologically, we demonstrate that while the majority of variation in risk can be explained by climate and other aspects of physical geography, the addition of ecological covariates represents a valuable refinement to species distribution models of HPAI.
Intravenous BCG induces a more potent airway and lung immune response than intradermal BCG in SIV-infected macaques1
Authors: Jauro Solomon , Larson Erica C. , Gleim Janelle L. , Wahlberg Brendon M. , Rodgers Mark A. , Chehab Julia C. , Lopez-Velazques Alondra E. , Ameel Cassaundra L. , Tomko Jaime A. , Sakal Jennifer L. , DeMarco Todd , Borish H. Jake , Maiello Pauline , Potter E. Lake , Roederer Mario , Lin Philana Ling , Flynn JoAnne L. , Scanga Charles A.
Published: July 2024

Tuberculosis (TB), caused byMycobacterium tuberculosis(Mtb), is one of the leading causes of death due to an infectious agent. Coinfection with HIV exacerbates Mtb infection outcomes in people living with HIV (PLWH). Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG), the only approved TB vaccine, is effective in infants, but its efficacy in adolescents and adults is limited. Here, we investigated the immune responses elicited by BCG administered via intravenous (IV) or intradermal (ID) routes in Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV)-infected Mauritian cynomolgus macaques (MCM) without the confounding effects of Mtb challenge. We assessed the impact of vaccination on T cell responses in the airway, blood, and tissues (lung, thoracic lymph nodes, and spleen), as well as the expression of cytokines, cytotoxic molecules, and key transcription factors. Our results showed that IV BCG induces a robust and sustained immune response, including tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cells in lungs, polyfunctional CD4+ and CD8αβ+ T cells expressing multiple cytokines, and CD8αβ+ T cells and NK cells expressing cytotoxic effectors in airways. We also detected higher levels of mycobacteria-specific IgG and IgM in the airways of IV BCG-vaccinated MCM. Although IV BCG vaccination resulted in an influx of TRMcells in lungs of MCM with controlled SIV replication, MCM with high plasma SIV RNA (>105copies/mL) typically displayed reduced T cell responses, suggesting that uncontrolled SIV or HIV replication would have a detrimental effect on IV BCG-induced protection against Mtb.