bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Load Test on Reinforced Concrete Beams Strengthened by Carbon Fiber Laminated Plates - A Case Study
Authors: Kabir Humayun R. H. , Al-Khaleefi Abdul Lateef
Published: August 2011

A load test was performed on reinforced concrete beams that were strengthened with carbon fibers. Seventy five thousands blocks were placed in four stages. A quality and management team worked continuously in the testing process. No creep effects were noticed with the use of carbon fiber plates, an interesting observation.
Rheological Behavior of Semisolid Al-6.5wt%Si Alloy at Transient State
Authors: Luo Hong Chao , Wang Wei , Xu En Sheng , Ju Li Ping
Published: August 2011

In the present work, the rheological model for semisolid metal slurries (SSMS) is constructed and then applied to the Al-6.5wt%Si alloy to investigate its rheological behavior at transient state during isothermal shearing and isothermal resting. Firstly, the present study shows that the agreement of the variation of viscosity and the average agglomerate size with shearing time and resting time shows that the microstructure of SSMS determines its rheological behavior. Secondly, the deagglomeration of particles is about two orders of magnitude faster than agglomeration, which is in agreement with the experimental measurement. Finally, the Al-6.5wt%Si alloy at transient state has the behavior of “shear-thinning”, but not “shear-thickening” predicted in the documents.
Preparation and Photovoltaic Properties of Flexible Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Zeng You , Zhao Li Jia , Zhen Ying , Shi Fang Xiao , Tong Yu
Published: August 2011

Flexible dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) were prepared by using carbon nanotube transparent conductive films (CNT-TCFs) as flexible substrates, and their photovoltaic properties were investigated as well. The flexible DSCs show typical photovoltaic characteristics with short-circuit current of 0.78 μA and open-circuit voltage of 1.48 mV, which was strongly influenced by heat-treatment temperature, type of dyes, and electrical resistivity. In light of their lighter weight and higher flexibility than conventional DSCs based on conductive glass substrates, the flexible DSCs have great potential as functional photoelectric components in many fields.
Temperature Dependent Photoluminescence of ZnO Nanorods Synthesized by Hydrothermal Method
Authors: Wang Peng , Fan Li Bo , Shi Le Xian , Fang Bo
Published: August 2011

Temperature dependent photoluminescence of ZnO nanorods synthesized by hydrothermal method is studied. According to fifteen photoluminescent curves which were measured from 78 K to 288 K with an interval of 15 K, peak energy of exciton emissions, integral intensity of exciton emission peaks and integral intensity of deep-level emission peaks as a function of temperature were studied. The experimental data were fitted by Bose-Einstein relation and thermal activation function. By fitting, some important parameters were obtained and compared, such as the Einstein temperature for the excitons, the thermal activation energy of excitons or deep-level defects etc.
The Preparation of Nano-Sized Lead Sulfide in High Power Pulse Ultrasonic Reactor
Authors: Shui Miao , Shu Jie , Ren Yuan Long , Zhang Rui Feng
Published: August 2011

This article proposed a liquid phase method to synthesize the small, even sized nano lead sulfide sol in high power (2KW) pulse ultrasonic reactor, which is designed by our research group. The characteristics of this method are the short time, the small granularity, the equal particle size and the mild synthesis condition. The particle size of lead sulfide sol is about 7～8 nanometer and the size distribution is narrow. Ultraviolet and visible spectroscopy shows that the absorption limit of this lead sulfide sol is about 670nm. Compared with the normal sized lead sulfide, the absorption limit is greatly blue shifted because of the quantum size effect.
Synthesis of Carbon Nanotubes, Carbon Spheres and Slices of Vertically Aligned Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Yao Shu Shan
Published: August 2011

Carbon nanotubes, carbon spheres and slices of vertically aligned multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) were synthesized simultaneously by chemical vapour deposition (CVD). Electron microscopy image showed carbon nanotubes were multiwalled carbon nanotubes, several micrometers in length. Carbon spheres were of uniform diameter (about 1 μm). Slices of vertically aligned multiwalled carbon nanotubes were about 5 mm in length, 3 mm in width and 8 μm in thickness. The interior of the slice was composed of densely packed, vertical aligned MWNTs, and faceted carbon beads. They were stable and easily separated from each other. The formation mechanism of slice was also discussed.
Effect of Reaction Temperature on Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Yue Yu Chen , Ren W. , Zhao M.L. , Guo M.X. , Zhang Y.T. , Xia J. , Li D.J.
Published: August 2011

A series of the carbon nanotubes were synthesized on quartz substrates in a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process. Ethylene was used as the carbon source, and ferrocene used as the catalyst. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Raman spectrum were employed to investigate the effects of reaction temperature on the structure and components of the carbon nanotubes. The results showed that, when the reaction temperature is 860°C , the best synthesis of the well-distributed carbon nanotubes with less of non-carbon impurity was achieved. At this condition, The length of the CNTs was 95 μm and the diameter was 104 nm.
Comparison on Optical Properties of Cu-Al2O3 and Co-Al2O3 Nano-Array Composite Structure
Authors: Zheng Meng Meng , Wu Fu Quan , Wu Hui , Cao Bing Qiang
Published: August 2011

Cu-Al2O3(Co-Al2O3) nano-array composite structures assemblies with Cu (Co) grown in the pores of an anodic alumina membrane (AAM) were obtained by alternating current electrode position. Their transmitted spectra and polarized spectra are systematically investigated. Experimental results indicate that the transmittance of Cu-Al2O3is superior to that of Co-Al2O3in visible and infrared waveband, but the extinction ratio of Co-Al2O3is better than that of Cu-Al2O3in near infrared waveband.
Ultrasensitive Chemiluminescence Detection of Indoleacetic Acid Catalyzed by Silver Nanoparticles
Authors: Liu Wen Wen , Liu Wei Hua , Mu Xue Min , Gong Pi Xue , Cao Wei
Published: August 2011

A flow injection chemiluminescence (CL) method has been developed for the determination of indoleacetic acid (IAA). It is based on the fact that the weak CL of Ce(IV)-Ru(phen)32+ system is strongly enhanced in the presence of silver nanoparticles. Optimum conditions and possible mechanisms have been investigated. Under optimum experimental conditions, the linear range is from 1.0×10-8 – 6.0×10-7 g mL-1 with a detection limit 9.0×10-9 g mL-1
Preparation and Characterization of Hydrophilic PVDF Membrane via Graft Modification by Acrylic Acid
Authors: Wang Li Guo , Zhang Xiao Guang , Hou Shu Fang , Wang Xiu Ju , Wang Ai Min , Liu Si Quan
Published: August 2011

Hydrophilic polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) flat ultrafiltration membranes were prepared by wet-spinning method. The effects of technical parameters of acrylic acid grafted onto PVDF on the performance of hydrophilic PVDF membranes were investigated, the technical parameters of preparation of hydrophilic PVDF membranes were determined, and hydrophilic PVDF flat membranes were prepared. Then, hydrophilic PVDF membranes were characterized in terms of pure water flux, contact angle, infrared spectroscopic analysis and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results showed that acrylic acid had been grafted onto PVDF, and the hydrophilic performance of the modified membrane was better than the traditional one.
Grafting Sulfoammonium Zwitterionic Brushes onto Polycarbonateurethane Surface to Improve Hemocompatibility
Authors: Feng Ya Kai , Yang Da Zhi , Zhao Hai Yang , Guo Jin Tang , Chen Qing Liang , Liu Jian Shi
Published: August 2011

Poly(3-dimethyl(methacryloyloxyethyl)ammonium propane sulfonate) (poly(DMAPS)) zwitterionic brushes were grafted onto the polycarbonateurethane (PCU) surface to improve its hydrophilicity and hemocompatibility by Ultraviolet (UV) polymerization. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and water contact angle were used to characterize the chemical and physical properties of the modified PCU surface. DMAPS-grafted PCU films showed significantly high hydrophilicity owing to the high hydrophilic poly(DMAPS) zwitterionic brushes. The cytotoxicity tests revealed the sulfoammonium zwitterionic brushes modified PCU film had good cytocompatibility. In addition, the hemocompatibility of the modified PCU films was evaluated by hemolytic tests and platelet adhesion tests. The PCU films modified with zwitterionic brushes had a lower hemolytic index, showed effective resistance to platelet adhesion. Due to the fact that sulfoammonium zwitterionic brushes can improve the hemocompatibility of the PCU surface, this gives rise to its potential application as blood-contacting materials or devices.
Synthesis and Properties of an Amphoteric Superplasticizer Compatible with Sulphoaluminate Cement
Authors: Sun Na , Qin Jian Jian , Guo Wen Juan , Zhang Jin , Pei Mei Shan , Wang Ying Fei , Wang Sheng Nian
Published: August 2011

A novel amphoteric polycarboxylic acid-based superplasticizer (APC) was prepared by solution copolymerization from maleic anhydride (MA), allyl polyethylene glycol (APEG) and dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride(DADMAC). The cationic monomer DADMAC was introduced for improving the performances of sulphoaluminate cement (SAC) with APC. The condition on preparation of APC was determined by the orthogonal experiment. The flow of paste and mortar were alao assessed. Results indicated that APC could improve the fluidity of paste and motar with APC. Zeta potential measurements indicate steric repulsion between the cement particles carrying adsorbed polymer molecules is the main mechanism for dispersion.
Effects of UV Aging on the High-Temperature and Fatigue Performances of Asphalt Mortar
Authors: Pang Ling , Long Lu , Wu Shao Peng , Lu Wan
Published: August 2011

Ultraviolet(UV) radiation is one of the main factors induce asphalt aged in the field in-service. Asphalt mortar greatly affects the pavement performance. It is scarce that studies concerning UV aging on the performance of asphalt mortar. In this paper, asphalt mortar with a 1.0 F/A (filler to asphalt)after UV aging were subjected to the test of the Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR).Effects of UV aging on the High-Temperature and fatigue performances of asphalt mortar were studied by using the rutting parameter G*/sinδ, fatigue parameter G*sinδ and dynamic viscosity. The results show UV aging had prominent effect on asphalt mortar’s properties, with the decrease of film thickness and increase of UV aging temperature, the ability of rut resistance enhances and fatigue performance weakens.
Influence of Electroless Copper Deposition on the Electrochemical Performance of Si/MCMB
Authors: Yan Mei , Gao Wei Qiang , Xue Rui Sheng , Yu Jing Hua
Published: August 2011

Si-Cu alloys have been prepared by electroless depositions with different process. Si-Cu/MCMB materials have been prepared by carbonization of the mixture of Si-Cu, MCMB and mesophase pitch. The influences of electroless deposition condition and heat-treatment temperature on the anodic performance of Cu-Si/MCMB have been studied. Compared with Si/MCMB, Si-Cu/MCMB has more stable cyclical performance. Furthermore, the Si-Cu/MCMB sample produced by cleaning and then electroless deposition on Si shows the better anodic performance than the Si-Cu/MCMB sample produced by direct electroless deposition on Si, because the former sample has more Cu contents than the latter sample.
Synthesis and Fluorescence Properties of Hyperbranched Poly(Amido Amine) with New Fluorescence-Emitting Moieties
Authors: Wang Shao Fei , Jia Dan Dan , Liu Chun , Wang Dong Jun
Published: August 2011

Hyperbranched poly(amido amine) (PAMAM) was prepared by Michael addition reaction of methyl acrylate (MA) and ethidenediamine (EDA). The result showed that fluorescence intensities increased with increasing the molecular weight. Importantly, the present work showed a new kind of fluorescence-emitting moieties in the fluorescence spectra, which different from the results as reported in PAMAM dendrimers.
Synthesis, Electronic States, and Electroluminescent Properties of Aluminum Complex Based on Mixed Ligands with 8-Hydroxyquinolinate and Acetylacetone
Authors: Chen Liu Qing , Sun Chun Yan , Liu Xu Guang , Xu Bing She
Published: August 2011

We report the synthesis, photophysical investigation, computational studies and electroluminescent(EL) properties of an organic electroluminescent material-Bis(8-hydroxyQuino line) acetylacetone aluminum (Alq2A). It is characterized by 1H NMR, IR and elemental analysis techniques. The absorption and fluorescence spectra of various Alq2A systems including solution in ethanol, powder and thin film on quartz (thickness of 50nm) have also been systematically evaluated. Analysis of the electronic structure of Alq2A calculated by quantum chemical calculations reveals a localization of orbital and the distribution of orbital energy. The results from EL experiments indicate that Alq2A has good electron transport properties as compared with tris(8-hydroxyquinolinato) aluminum (Alq3). Thus, Alq2A is considered to be a superior emitter and electron transporting material for display application compared with Alq3.
Properties of Al Doped ZnO Thin films by DC Reaction Magnetron Sputtering
Authors: Lu Feng , Sun Yu , Xu Cheng Hai
Published: August 2011

The high quality ZAO thin films were successfully produced by DC reaction magnetron sputtering technology. The XRD，electrical and optical properties of films are particular investigated. The results show that ZAO films are polycrystalline hexagonal wurtzite structure，and Al2O3 crystal phase are not found. At the same time，the high quality ZAO films with the minimum resistivity of 4.5x10-4Ω•㎝, the transmittance in visible region above 80% and the reflectivity in IR region above 70% are gained.
Synthesis and Characterization of Nano-Hexaferrites SrFe12O19 by Aqueous Solution Method
Authors: Liu Jian An , Zhang Mei Mei , Zhang Yan Fei , Liu Shu Jiang
Published: August 2011

Nano-hexaferrite SrFe12O19 has been prepared using the aqueous solution method. The structure and magnetic properties of SrFe12O19 have systematically been investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Thermo gravimetric (TG), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), as well as Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM). The XRD and TEM results showed that the samples are composed of SrFe12O19 nano-particles which are on average 70×50nm in dimensions when treated at 1200°C for 2 hours. The magnetic properties indicated that the saturation magnetization and the intrinsic coercivity were 48 Am2/kg and 506KA/m, respectively. The aqueous solution method is generally applicable to produce the nano-hexaferrite SrFe12O19 and is proved to be a promising method for fast synthesis of nanometer materials using nitrate.
Monodisperse Fe3O4/Fe Core/Shell Nanoparticles with Enhanced Magnetic Property
Authors: Sun Li , Liu Fu Tian , Jiang Qi Hui , Chen Xiu Xiu , Yang Ping
Published: August 2011

Core/shell type nanoparticles with an average diameter of 20nm were synthesized by chemical precipitation method. Firstly, Monodisperse Fe3O4 nanoparticles were synthesized by solvethermal method. FeSO47H2O and NaBH4 were respectively dissolved in distilled water, then moderated Fe3O4 particles and surfactant(PVP) were ultrasonic dispersed into the FeSO47H2O solution. The resulting solution was stirred 2 h at room temperature. Fe could be deposited on the surface of monodispersed Fe3O4 nanoparticles to form core-shell particles. The particles were characterized by using various experimental techniques, such as transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), AGM and DTA. The results suggest that the saturation magnetization of the nanocomposites is 100 emu/g. The composition of the samples show monodisperse and the sides of the core/shell nanoparticles are 20-30nm. It is noted that the formation of Fe3O4/Fe nanocomposites magnetite nanoparticles possess superparamagnetic property.
Grain Refinement of AZ91D Magnesium Alloy by In Situ Al4C3 Particles
Authors: Han Hui , Miao Hua Ming , Liu Sheng Fa , Chen Yang
Published: August 2011

Experiments were conducted to fabricate the Al4C3 particles by powder in-situ synthesis process under argon atmosphere and examine the grain refinement of AZ91D magnesium alloy with the addition of 0.6%Al4C3(hereafter in mass fraction,%). By means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), the results show the successful fabrication of Al4C3 particles. After adding 0.6%Al4C3, the average grain size of AZ91D magnesium alloy decreased from 360μm to 243μm. Based on the differential thermal analysis (DTA) results and calculations of the planar disregistry between Al4C3 and α-Mg, Al4C3 particles located in the central regions of magnesium grains can act as the heterogeneous nucleus of primary α-Mg phase.
High Energy Micro-Arc Alloying of Mg-RE on AZ31 Mg Alloy
Authors: Chen Chang Jun , Su Yan Zhan , Xu Xing , Zhang Min
Published: August 2011

Mg-RE electrode was used for deposition of micro-arc coatings on AZ31 magnesium alloy upon variation in there different processing parameters(high, low and middle pulsed discharges). Mass transfer trends from electrode to substrate and microstructure of Mg-RE coating on AZ31 substrate were observed. Characterization has been performed by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The microstructure, properties (continuity, thickness) were investigated. It is found that an increase in the energy mode above a certain threshold value leads to an increase in mass gain from electrode to substrate.
Effect of Heat Treatment on Thixoformed AM60B Alloy
Authors: Huang Hai Jun , Chen Ti Jun , Ma Ying , Li Yuan Dong , Hao Yuan
Published: August 2011

The microstructures and kinetic characteristics have been studied during heat treatment of AM60B alloy prepared by thixoforming. The results indicate that primary particles and secondary grains coarsened rapidly in initial 1 h solution treated at 430°C, and then slowed down. Their growth modes were different in the initial 1 h and then turned to be same. Accordingly, the alloy hardness dropped quickly before 1 h. Ageing hardness depends on both content of precipitates and the morphology. Adding content of the precipitates hardened the alloy till 8 h aged at 215°C after 24 h solution treatment at 430°C, and then the precipitates coarsening weakened the ally.
Effect of MgO on Structure and Properties of CaO-Al2O3-SiO2 Glass System
Authors: Xu Xing Jun , Yue Yun Long , Zhang Hai Tao , Du Zhao
Published: August 2011

CaO-Al2O3-SiO2system glasses with MgO were prepared by melt quenching. The glass structure was characterized by Infrared spectra (IR) and Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA). Dielectric properties, devitrification and chemical durability have been studied. IR spectra and DTA indicated that glass network structure change by doping MgO. The glass chemical improved and dielectric constant decreased after doping with MgO. The glass shows a severe tendency of phase separation.
Thermal Analysis of Functionally Graded Plates by Wavelet Method
Authors: Ren Ke Liang , Dong Yan , Wang Yan Chang
Published: August 2011

To consider the material properties of functional gradient plate structure change along the thickness, in this paper, the wavelet method is used to solve plate differential equations with initial or boundary conditions. An operational matrix of integration based on the wavelet is established and the procedure for applying the matrix to solve the differential equations is formulated, and gets the temperature, stresses and displacement of the plate when the material properties of gradient plate take arbitrary function. The results show that the proposed way is quite reasonable while comparing to the exact solution.
Study on Synthesis of Superabsorbent and Water Absorbency
Authors: Feng Yan Bin , Ren Hao , Wang Juan
Published: August 2011

A technical condition for the reaction of preparing superabsorbent by orthogonal test was investigated. Test results were as follows: reaction temperature was 30 °C, reaction time was 2 h, monomer ratio is 0.045, monomer was 12 g, neutralization degree was 90%, initiator concentration was 0.167 wt% and crosslinker concentration was 0.0125 wt%. The maximum of distilled water absorbency was 699 times, the maximum of 0.9% saline water absorbency was 70 times. Analysis from FTIR and SEM showed that starch grafting with acrylic acid and acrylamide was successful, while a three-dimensional network structure was formed in superabsorbent.
Synthesis and Properties of a Novel Conjugated Polyfluorene Derivative
Authors: Yan Mei , Gao Wei Qiang , Ge Shen Guang , Huang Jia Dong , Yu Jing Hua
Published: August 2011

A novel polyfluorene derivative, poly[(9,9-bis(3'-(N,N-dimethylamino)propyl)-2,7- fluorene)-alt-2,7-(9,9- p-divinylbenzene)] (P-1) was synthesized by the palladium-catalyzed Suzuki coupling reaction and it’s quaternized ammonium polyelectrolyte derivatives was obtained through a postpolymerization treatment on the terminal amino groups. The electrochemical and optical properties of the resulting copolymers was fully investigated. The results showed that the new polyfluorene derivative had potential useful in used as materials for electronic conductivity, chemical and biological sensors that derive from its highly conductive and strong fluorescence.
Improve the Optical Properties of Rhodamine B by Encapsulating in Al-MCM-41
Authors: Li Dong Mei , Tian Zhong Zhen , Wei Pei Feng
Published: August 2011

M-MCM-41 (M = Al, Cu, Cr, Ti) were synthesized by hydrothermal method and characterized by XRD. Rhodamine B molecules were encapsulated into these mesoporous molecular sieves by impregnation method. Steady fluorescence measurements indicated that doping of Al ions into MCM-41 enhanced largely the fluorescence intensities, but more Al decreased the fluorescence intensities resulting from the formation of Al2O3.
Prediction of Heating Processing-Properties of Ti2AlC/TiAl Compound Materials Based on BP Neural Network
Authors: Wen Ming , Yue Yun Long , Zhang Hai Tao , Li Yang
Published: August 2011

Parameters of processing (heat treatment temperature, holding time) and properties (Bending strength and Microhardness) of Ti2AlC/TiAl compound materials were obtained through mechanical properties examination, the network model was built by BP artificial neural network. The results show that the built model can reflect the relationships between processing and properties very well and has certain accuracy. It can be used for the prediction of the properties of Ti2AlC/TiAl compound materials after heating processing under different experiment conditions. Meanwhile, the model can also serve as a guide for the preparation technology of Ti2AlC/TiAl compound materials.
Preparation and Properties of a Novel Water Soluble Core Material for the Resin Transfer Molding Process
Authors: Li Quan Zhou , Wu Xiao Qing
Published: August 2011

A novel water soluble core material composed of alumina, quartz sand, kaolin, gypsum powder and the solution of binders was prepared. The influence of different mass concentration of Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) binder solution and sodium silicate compounded (SS) binders solution on water soluble performance and compressive strength of the core materials was investigated, respectively. The results show that the compressive strength and solubility rate of the core materials, with the concentration of 30% of SS binders solution, are 1.023MPa and 0.24g/s respectively, which is satisfied for the requirements of Resin Transfer Molding (RTM) process completely.
Study on Properties of Organic Modified SiO2 Glass Prepared by Sol-Gel Method
Authors: Deng Yun Long , Sun Yun Hui , Cao Du Xia
Published: August 2011

Organic modified sol-gel glass with tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS), methyl triethoxysilane (MTEOS) and vinyltriethoxysilane (VTEOS) as raw material, ethanol as solvent and nitric acid as catalytic agent have been prepared. The influence caused by the amount of catalytic agent, water and the ratio of TEOS/MTEOS or TEOS/VTEOS on properties of porosity has been investigated. The optimal ration of MHNO3/MTEOS and Mwater/MTEOS were obtained. The modification of sol-gel glass using organic groups results in some decrease of porosity.
Effects of CaF2 on the Formation Kinetics of Portland Cement Clinker
Authors: Wang Chun Fang , Zhou Zong Hui , Liu Cai Xia , Cheng Xin
Published: August 2011

Through testing the amount of the free lime and the Loss ignition, the clinker formation rate, the reaction-rate constant (K) and the activation energy (Ea) were calculated according to the Gentling equation and Arrhenius equation. The effects of CaF2on the formation kinetics of Portland cement clinker were investigated by analyzing theKandEa. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron Microscope (SEM) were used to characterize the phase composition and the morphology of the resulting samples. The results show that the silicate minerals formation is promoted when a proper amount of CaF2is doped into the raw meal. TheKincreased from 0.7450 ×10-5s-1to 7.1588 ×10-5s-1and theEadecreased from 386 kJ/mol to 122 kJ/mol when the amount of CaF2increased from 0.0% to 2.0% in mass. However, the results were reversed at the amount of CaF2exceeding 2%.
Material Removal Mechanisms of Electric Discharge Milling Conductive Ceramic
Authors: Chang Wei Jie , Zhang Jian Hua , Zhu Tao , Wang Tao
Published: August 2011

Material removal mechanisms of Al2O3-based conductive ceramics machined by electric discharge milling in deionized water are investigated. The main components of conductive ceramic samples are Al2O3 (80%), TiC (11%) and WC (9%). The material removal mechanisms by low electric discharge energy are mainly spalling and melting. The material removal mechanisms by high electric discharge energy are mainly melting, evaporation and spalling. With high discharge energy and insufficient cooling conditions, chemical reactions will happen, where TiC and WC are oxidized to dielectric TiO2 and WO3, which will slow down the electric discharge milling processand finally make it stopped.
The Residual Stress Research of Rolling Slab Based on the No-Linear Elastic and Plastic Analysis
Authors: Dong Zhao Wei , Wan Xiao Hang , Li Shu Jun , Liu Sheng Yong
Published: August 2011

The cold rolling of slab is analyzed by using elastic-plastic and heat-mechanic coupling FEM with the nonlinear method. The distribution of residual stress was analyzed mainly in this paper. It is indicated by the results that the residual stress in surface layer of slab material is the pressure stress and inside the plate is the tension stress under the smaller press quantity, the residual stress in surface layer is the tension stress and inside the slab is the pressure stress under bigger press quantity, the maximum residual tension stress in the slab becomes bigger with the increment of the reduction.
Properties of Polycrystalline BaTi2O5 Substituted with MgO Prepared by a Floating Zone Method
Authors: Yue Xin Yan , Ru Hong Qiang , Tu Rong , Goto Takashi
Published: August 2011

MgO substituted polycrystalline BaTi2O5 (BT2), Ba1-xMgxTi2O5 (BMT2), was prepared by a floating zone method (FZ-melting). The dielectric property of BMT2 was investigated bySubscript text an AC impedance method. At x = 0.005 MgO, the permittivity (r) showed the maximum value of 5800 for FZ-melted specimens. The Curie temperature (Tc) decreased with increasing x and the permittivity showed a flat peak at x ≥ 0.03. Second phases of BaTiO3, Ba6Ti17O40 and Ba4MgTi11O27 were identified in polycrystalline BMT2. BaTiO3 and Ba6Ti17O40 could be due to the decomposition of BT2 at high temperatures.
Remove Rhodium Catalysts from HNBR Solution
Authors: Xing Hai Lin , Zhou Hao , Zhang Li Qun , Wang Wei Ming , Yue Dong Mei
Published: August 2011

Rhodium complex is excellent catalyst for nitrile-butadiene rubber homogeneous hydrogenation with difficulties in its recovery. A new extraction method for recovery noble metal catalysts from hydrogenated nitrile-butadiene rubber solution was investigated. Rhodium metal catalysts can be efficiently, easily removed from hydrogenated nitrile-butadiene rubber solution using amine as ligand and hydrogen peroxide as oxidant. The condition of removing noble metal catalysts from hydrogenated nitrile-butadiene rubber solution was carefully studied, including oxidant, reaction temperature, and the concentration of amine. The removal rate of the rhodium catalyst over 96% with the optimal conditions.1H-NMR characterization showed that there was no change in the structure and nitrile group of hydrogenated nitrile-butadiene rubber after rhodium catalysts were removed.
Application of Three-Dimensional Fluorescence Spectrum Method and PARAFAC in Petroleum Pollutant Measurement and Identification
Authors: Wang Shu Tao , Shao Xiao Qing , Pan Zhao , Zhang Peng Wei , Gong Le
Published: August 2011

Because petroleum contaminants have a big impact on marine environment, the recognition and monitoring research of petroleum contaminants has important application value. According to the petroleum products all process strong fluorescence characteristics, three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy technology can be applied to petroleum contaminants for monitoring. This paper adopts PARAFAC to deal with 3-d fluorescence data of petroleum pollutant. Thereby get that PARAFAC algorithm can get accurate resolution system of the corresponding spectrum each substance and relative concentrations. In addition, to get better predicted results by PARAFAC method, the fluorescence intensity of interference substance should be significantly less than fluorescence intensity of the lowest concentration of the sample which is to be predicted.
The Study on the Structural and Optical Properties of C-F Codoped Zinc Oxide from Ab Initio Calculations
Authors: Zuo Chun Ying , Wen Jing , Zhong Cheng , Wu Zhong Cheng , Wu Zhong Cheng
Published: August 2011

The structural and optical properties of C-doped and C-F colonel Zoo compounds are investigated by using a first principle method with the plane wave pseudopotential calculations, based on the density functional theory(DFT), within generalized-gradient approximation (GGA). We discuss the structural properties by comparison with C-Al and C-Ga doped systems and the calculated results demonstrate that the c/a is smaller than C doped ZnO when incorporating F into the system and C-F codoping causes a smaller lattice mismatch compared with the C-Al codoped ZnO. Moreover, we focus on the complex dielectric function in order to investigate the optical properties. By analysing the results, we remark that the absorption edge shift the lower energy region(red shift) when incorporating C-F into ZnO compound.
Structure and Infrared Radiation Properties of Metal Oxides-Doped Cordierites Using Graded Sintering Synthesis
Authors: Jin Tao , Zeng Rong Chang
Published: August 2011

The infrared radiation materials of transition metal oxides doped cordierite systems are synthesized using graded solid phase sintering. And the infrared radiation properties are investigated by means of X-ray diffraction, infrared spectrometry and scanning electron microscope. The results show that new compounds are developed during graded heat treatment from 900 °C to 1250 °C. The spinel phases produced are the main crystal material, and the different doped ions and impurity carbon cause the new phases, to different degree defect in this system ,which types can be classified into: (Mg,Zn,□)Fe2O4, (Mg,Zn,Co,□)Al2O4, (Co,□)Cr2O4,SiC etc., The main diffraction peaks of new phases formed are positioned at the zone (2θ) between 35.227o and 36.837o, and has stretching vibration peaks. And the main infrared absorption peaks located at the low wave number zone indicate to some degree deviation under different doped ions. The doped cordierites have infrared emissivity superior to that prepared with the conventional one-step synthesis. The full wave band integral emissivity of the spinel phases ranged between 0.88 and 0.94 at ambient temperature.
Preparation of Activated Carbon Supported Nano-TiO2 Photocatalyst Material and its Application in Papermaking Midcourse Wastewater
Authors: Lv Yuan Cai , Tian Chen , Yan Ai , Liu Ming Hua
Published: August 2011

Activated carbon supported nano-TiO2 photocatalyst material was prepared with activated carbon as the carrier and carboxyl methyl cellulose (CMC) as the binder. The results indicated that the optimal TiO2 loading percentage could reach 11.46% when the mass concentration of binder in the dipping solution was 15 g/L. Meanwhile, the optimal experimental results showed that the removal percentage of CODCr from papermaking midcourse wastewater could reach 71.43% under the conditions of 10 W of radiation intensity, 240 minutes of radiation time, 15 g/L of photocatalyst dosage, 4.0 of wastewater pH and 3 mL/L of H2O2 dosage. And the effluent was able to reach China national discharge standard Ⅰ. Furthermore, after three times of repeated use, the activated carbon supported nano-TiO2 photocatalyst material still had a relatively high catalytic activity and stability, and the recycle percentage of the photocatalyst could reach 92.80%.
Study on the Effect of Curing Conditions on Hydrate Properties of Fluorgypsum by Semi-Dry Pressing
Authors: Yang Xin Ya , Liu Dong
Published: August 2011

The influence of different curing conditions on hydration properties of fluorgypsum products formed by semi-dry pressing was studied. Laboratory experiments were conducted to investigate the compressive strength development, content of crystal water, and microcosmic crystal structure when four curing methods (nature curing, curing in standard curing chamber, soaked in water 3 min every other day or every day) and five curing temperatures (-20 °C, 0 °C, 10 °C, 20 °C, 35 °C) were used. The results indicated that the hydration properties of fluorgypsum products could be improved under proper curing methods and lower curing temperature.
A Hybrid Interaction Method with Virtual Hand
Authors: Xiong Wei , Wang Qing Hui , Zhang Cheng Zhong
Published: August 2011

In this paper, a novel solution combing heuristic constraints with physical-based method for virtual interaction is proposed. With which, a grasping simulation is divided into three stages including pregrasping, preliminary grasping and stable grasping and the two techniques have been used in different phases. A dexterous virtual hand, consisting of geometric model, kinematics model, collision model and contact force model, is also constructed to be used in this solution. By analyzing the physical structures and perceptual characteristics of human finger, a haptic rendering algorithm is presented to obtain natural and stable virtual interaction.
The High-Temperature Corrosion of Fe-Cr-Mo Alloy by Co-Firing of Coal and Biomass
Authors: Wei Chia Chieh , Wang Chaur Jeng , Liou Horng Yih , Chen Kuo Ming
Published: August 2011

Co-firing of biomass and coal has drawn many attentions because it can reduce the amount of CO2 release of the coal power plant/incinerator. However, the higher amount of sulfur, chlorine, potassium and calcium in biomass could lead to a more serious corrosion. In this study, the high-temperature corrosion of Fe-Cr-Mo alloy at 400 °C to 600 °C in co-firing of biomass and coal was performed. The results show that the weight change of specimen tested in co-firing of biomass and coal is 1.7 to 2.4 times of that for specimen tested in dry air. Also, the weight change of specimen tested in co-firing increased with the tested temperature and time increased. For the specimen tested in co-firing with different ratio of biomass/coal, the weight change of specimen increased with the ratio of biomass/coal increased.
Preparation and Characterization of Bone-Like Apatite Coating on Ti6Al4V Spinal Fusion Devices
Authors: Peng Cheng , Wei Qiang , Deng Jia Yin , Ping Rui Ting , Li Xiao Yue
Published: August 2011

Sand-blasting treatment and chemically biomimetic growth are important methods improving the interface adhesion strength and formation of osteoconductive coatings for implants. In the present study, these methods were employed to generate bone-like apatite coating on Ti6Al4V spinal fusion devices. The surface morphology, elements and microstructure were analyzed using SEM, AFM, EDS, XRD and TEM. The results showed that bone-like apatite layer formed after sand blasting treatment and chemically biomimetic growth. Also the dimensional accuracy of device after the treatment could meet the implantation requirement of the device. The coating adhesion test suggests that rough surface after sand-blasting can improve the coating adhesion strength. The study will facilitate further the engineering application of chemically biomimetic growth in surface modification of Ti6Al4V implants and the medical application of spinal fusion device.
Investigation of Effect of Chemical Etching and Temperature on Optical Properties of Porous Silicon Layer
Authors: Long Yong Fu , Yao Chun Mei , Lei Li Yun , Hu Wei Wen , Cao Bin Fang , Zhang Jin Ping
Published: August 2011

The paper investigated the effect of chemical etching and temperature on the optical properties and microstructures of porous silicon layer fabricated by the pulse electrochemically etching by means of the reflectance spectroscopy and photoluminescence spectroscopy. The relationship between the optical thickness (nd) and refractive index n of porous silicon layer and the chemical etching time and temperature has been detailedly studied. With increasing the chemical etching times, the reflectance spectra exhibit the more intense interference oscillations, which mean the uniformity and interface smoothness of porous silicon layers become better, meanwhile, results in decreasing the optical thickness and refractive index, indicating a higher porosity. Moreover, the intensity of photoluminescence spectra increases, and the envelope curves of photoluminescence spectra exhibit a trend of red-shift, which implied the average diameter of silicon nanocrystallite became larger. The chemical etching rate of the optical thickness intensely increases with the chemical etching temperature.
Si3N4 Double Passivation Methods for Optimizing the DC Properties in a Gamma-Gate AlGaN/GaN HEMT Using Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition
Authors: Cho Sung Jin , Wang Cong , Lee Won Sang , Kim Nam Young
Published: August 2011

Double passivation layers, Si3N4 on Si3N4 (Si3N4 / Si3N4), have been implemented onto the top and bottom surface passivation film layers for a gamma-gate AlGaN/GaN HEMT using Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition (PECVD). The effects of the reduced current collapse electro characteristics were then compared to devices using double passivation as SiO2 on SiO2 (SiO2 / SiO2). Both samples were tested under the same conditions: Vds = 0 to 15 V and Vgs = 1 to -5 V. The Si3N4 / Si3N4 passivation results show a maximum saturation current density (Ids max) of 761 mA/mm, a peak extrinsic trans conductance (gm max) of 200 mS/mm, and threshold voltages of (Vth) -4.5 V, which increases up to 18% and 5% than those of SiO2/SiO2 double passivation.
Experimental Study and Performance Analysis of Concrete Shrinkage-Reducing Agents
Authors: Zhang Yong Cun , Li Qing Ning
Published: August 2011

This paper will focus on developing a sort of concrete shrinkage-reducing agents that are generally some surfactants on the basis of some tests. By reference to the main chemical components of some domestic and foreign agents, the following chemicals are initially selecting : tert-butyl alcohol, triethanolamine and polyvinyl alcohol, and then some experiments about these substances were made, including liquid surface tension test, high-strength cement mortar shrinkage test, mortar strength test. Finally, the medicals that can significantly reduce drying shrinkage deformation but have little effect on the strenth of concrete blocks,are selected out as available concrete shrinkage-reducing agents.
Mechanical and Tribological Properties of Polyimide Composite Reinforced with Carbon Fibers and Carbon Nanotube
Authors: Rong Rui Ya , Li Zhen Hua , Li Yun Xuan , Cai Chi Lan
Published: August 2011

Reinforced polyimide composite with of carbon fiber and carbon nanotube were prepared by hot molding technology. The mechanical and friction and wear behaviors of the reinforced composites were studied. Tensile tests showed that SCF and CNT exhibit a beneficial effect for restoring the stiffness of the CF/PI composite. The carbon fiber reinforcement was found effective in reducing the coefficient of friction and the wear rate. This implied that the CNT improves the adhesion between SCF and PI.
Prediction of the Tension Softening Curve of Dam Concrete Based on BP Neural Network
Authors: Zhao Zhi Gang , Yang Zhi Hua , Zhao Zhi Fang , Zhu Min Min
Published: August 2011

This paper predicted the tension softening curves of dam concrete by employing the BP neural networks based on the experimental data of direct tension tests of dam concrete. This approach can predict the tension softening curves for the same component material but different mixtures dam concrete without performing the direct tension tests which are complex and expensive.
Synthesis and Electrical Properties of Mo-ZrO2 Cermet
Authors: Xu Ji Fang , Liu Gong Yuan , Tang Lei , Zhang Jie Yu , Jie Chang
Published: August 2011

Under the protected condition of the puriﬁed argon atmosphere, Mo-ZrO2cermets were sintered by Mo powder and ZrO2powder at 1873K for 2 hours. Mircostructure of cermets were observed by means of XRD, optical microscope and SEM anslysis. Electrical properties of sintered samples with different Mo content and temperature were measured using DC four-electrode method. The results showed that metal phase and ceramic phase were independent of each other. With the reduction of Mo content, Mo metal phase as the continuous network structure is dispersedly distributed in the ceramic phase zone. The electrical conductivity of cermets at room temperature increased with decreaseing of the Mo content. The trend that the high-temperature electrical conductivity of cermets changed with the Mo content is the same as the trend that at the room temperature. When the Mo content is greater than 40%, the high-temperature electrical conductivity increased linearly with increasing temperature. The electrical conductivity of 40mol-% Mo-ZrO2reached the peak at 1223K and 1473K.
Based on the PB Neural Network of Optimization Design in Lubricant Additives
Authors: Chen Zhuo Jun , Feng Long Long
Published: August 2011

This article use the Sulphide Isobutene, Five Sulfides Dialkyl, and Star of Phosphorus as the additives, Neopentyl Polyol Ester (NPE) as base oil for screening lubricant formulation. The purpose of this article is screening the lubricant additives formula. Apply the BP neural network method in optimization design. Through the optimization of lubricant additive formula select the best formula for experiment. The selected best formula is Sulphide Isobutene 0.8%(mass percent), Five Sulfides Dialkyl 1.2%(mass percent) , Star of Phosphorus 1.6%(mass percent), relative error is 0.089.After validation experiment，it is conclusion that S-type blends with P-type additive use will acquire good result, and the method of optimal convergence faster, the forecast precision test is satisfied.
Polynomial Based Elasticity Solutions of Beams and their Numerical Validation: A Review
Authors: Jose Sebin , Bhat Sunil
Published: August 2011

Solution of two-dimensional stress problem is reduced to integration of bi-harmonic equation[1].A polynomial is chosen as Airy’s stress function.Constants of the polynomial[2] are found by fulfilling the boundary conditions. Stress solutions are obtained from.The paper presents polynomial based stress solutions of beams for complex cases involving offset loads and other combinations with offset loads.The results are compared with those obtained from finite element analysis[3] and conventional methods.The results are in good agreement with each other.
Study on Cold Precision Forging of Non Straight Wall Cavity Piston
Authors: Ding Ming Ming , Xia Ju Chen , Deng Lei , Jin Jun Song
Published: August 2011

Brake piston is a huge demand non straight wall cavity part for the typical automotive industry; the traditional processing method is machine processing, or preforming by cold extrusion, and then machining. In this paper, the combined cold precision forging method of cold extrusion and spinning was proposed, which might improve the overall performance of parts and reduce costs. The rigid plastic finite element model of cold extrusion and spinning was established to simulate the forming process. The results showed that the combined cold precision forging method was available to manufacture non-straight wall cavity piston.
Effect of Graphite Dopant on the Performance of Tubular Cathode for Direct Ethanol Fuel Cell
Authors: Tang Dong , Lv Hui Min , Hou Quan Hui , Chen Huan , Ni Hong Jun
Published: August 2011

By using the mesocarbon microbead (MCMB) and graphite as raw material, the tubular cathode green bodies of a direct ethanol fuel cell（DEFC）are shaped by the gelcasting technology and the tubular cathode is prepared by spraying the diffusion layer and the Pt/C catalyst layer after the sintering process. Through the tubular cathode physical performance and electrical property test, the advantages and disadvantages of cathode tube performance are studied at different graphite proportion. The results showed that with the increase of graphite, the ratio porosity of cathode tube support body increases at first and then decreases. However, the density has a converse trend. While the maximum porosity of the cathode tube is more than 0.5 and the corresponding density is 0.95g/cm3. Strength test showed that the cathode tube strength is better with the graphite ratio from 0 to 40 percent and can meet the actual needs. Electrical property tests showed that the cathode tube has higher current density with the graphite ratio of 40 and 50 percent.
Micro-Tubular Solid Oxide Fuel Cell with Graded Anode and Cobalt-Free SrFe0.9Sb0.1O 3−δ Perovskite Cathode
Authors: Zhang Xiao Zhen , Zhou Jian Er , Wang Yong Qing , Jiang Yu Hua
Published: August 2011

Micro-tubular solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) has been fabricated with NiO-YSZ hollow fiber as anode support and SrFe0.9Sb0.1O3−δ-Sm0.2Ce0.8O1.9(SFSb-SDC) composite cathode. The NiO-YSZ hollow fiber anode was prepared by the immersion-induced phase inversion technique and shows a special asymmetrical structure with long and large finger-like porous structure near the lumen side of the hollow fiber. A thin and dense electrolyte membrane (about 12μm) was deposited on the anode by a vacuum-assisted dip-coating process. The performance of the as-prepared micro-tubular SOFC was tested at 600-800°C with humidified H2 as fuel and ambient air as the oxidant. The peak power densities of 462.8, 336.6 and 201.4 mWcm-2can be obtained at 800, 700 and 600°C, respectively. The experimental results indicate that the cobalt-free SFSb was a promising cathode material and the prepared YSZ-based micro-tubular SOFC has potential applications as power sources for portable devices.
Structure Optimal Design Method and Engineering Application
Authors: Qu Heng Xu
Published: August 2011

he paper introduces the analysis of finite element for gearbox’s intensity, then optimal design for gearbox has achieved good optimal result leading to the weight reduced 3746kg, 23.18%less than original weight with the thickness of the main board as deign variables and the stress and displacement as constraint conditions. The optimization results have practical significance on the structural optimization and the weight of the gearbox, offering reference data for weight reduction of gear box design.