bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sustainable Micro‐ and Nanocomposites for Thermal Insulation in Buildings
Authors: Fraleoni‐Morgera Alessandro , Afshani Mohsen , Montelpare Sergio , Lops Camilla
Published: December 2023

Energy efficiency in buildings requires adequate materials for thermal insulation. Given the enormous number of buildings worldwide needing a retrofit to improve their energy efficiency, it is of capital importance to identify materials suitable for sustainable thermal insulation. Among the many available insulators, polyurethanes occupy a preeminent role, given their versatility and effectiveness, and are thus expected to be extensively used in retrofitting buildings for improving their energy efficiency. Herein, the currently available bio‐derived or recyclable polyurethane‐based composites, considering them as either foams (i.e., with gaseous filler) or fully solid (i.e., with solid filler) composites, are assessed. The first section of the review is devoted to bioderived PUs as matrices for thermally insulating composites; the second section focuses on bio‐derived/recyclable fillers adopted with PUs as matrices, with specific reference to silica‐based aerogels. The main issues of the surveyed bio‐based composites are analyzed, and the future prospects of these materials, that are actually sustainable but at the same time performance effective, are discussed.
Diffuson‐Dominated and Ultra Defect‐Tolerant Two‐Channel Thermal Transport in Hybrid Halide Perovskites
Authors: Cai Zhuangli , Lin Shangchao , Ahmadian‐Yazdi Mohammad‐Reza , Zhao Changying
Published: December 2023

Organic‐inorganic hybrid halide perovskites show a unique two‐channel thermal transport through propagons and diffusons, largely affecting other energy carriers for opto‐ and thermoelectric applications. Taking CH3NH3PbI3 as a prototype, the impact of iodine vacancy point defects on the two‐channel thermal transport is investigated using theoretical calculations and experimental validations. This work finds that iodine vacancies suppress the thermal transport in the propagon channel significantly, but less in the diffuson channel. This results in a weaker reduction of the total thermal conductivity (TC) than that predicted by the classical Klemens model. The TC reduction in the diffuson channel is mainly attributed to the declined vibrational density of states. Moreover, low‐frequency diffusons transformed from propagons compensate the reduction of TC in the diffuson channel, resulting in a dominant contribution from the diffuson channel to the total TC, which is 55% to 85% for 0% to 6% vacancy concentration. CH3NH3PbI3 also shows ultra‐defect‐tolerant diffusonic thermal transport, ≈1–2 orders of magnitude lower than diamond in the defect sensitivity factor. This work shows both scientific insights into the new two‐channel thermal transport mechanism in complex material systems with disorder, and technological significance on halide perovskites for solar cell, light‐emitting diode, thermoelectric, and memristor applications.
First‐Principles Design of Ohmic FET Devices from 2D Transition Metal Dichalcogenides
Authors: Golsanamlou Zahra , Fortunelli Alessandro , Sementa Luca
Published: December 2023

A chlorine‐doped ultrathin phase of hafnium disulfide (HfS2) is proposed as an ideal candidate material for 2D field‐effect transistor (FET) device applications, down to the extreme sub‐5 nm miniaturization limit. This transition metal dichalcogenide 2D material is designed to combine features of both a metal and a semiconductor, exhibiting a high electric conductivity comparable with ordinary metals, that can be abruptly cut down via gating due to an energy gap immediately below the Fermi level and its anomalous metallic properties. These unique features enable realizing an alternative design of a FET device in which electrode and channel are made of the same Cl‐doped ML HfS2 phase, a potential breakthrough bypassing all issues associated with electronic (Schottky) and structural dis‐homogeneities or low conductivity that have hindered progress in this field. This material/design combination shall lead to a FET device with purely ohmic behavior, high metallic conductance, no interfacial contact resistance, and facile gating with extremely high on/off ratio.
Asymmetric Sandwich Janus Structure for High‐Performance Textile‐Based Thermo–Hydroelectric Generators Toward Human Health Monitoring
Authors: Xue Yang‐Biao , Cao Yuan‐Ming , Luo Peng , Dong Xin‐Xin , Han Bin‐Bin , Zhao Yu‐Dong , Zheng Mi , Zheng Min , Wang Zuo‐Shan , Zhuo Ming‐Peng
Published: December 2023

Textile‐based generators that can convert low‐grade energy from the human body or environment into sustainable electricity have generated immense scientific interest in self‐powered wearable applications. However, their low power density and environmental suitability have extremely restricted their portable applications in complex and mutable environments. Herein, an asymmetric sandwich structure between molybdenum disulfide (MoS2)‐carbonized silks (MCs) and MoS2/MXene–Cottons (MMCs) to construct efficient thermo–hydroelectric generators (THEGs) that synergistically harvest heat‐moisture energy to generate considerable electricity is rationally designed. Notably, the large surface area of MoS2/MXene van der Waals heterojunctions (vdWhs) enables efficient charge collection, and the vertical MoS2 nanosheet arrays supply abundant nanochannels for a highly efficient hydration effect, generating an output power density of 32.26 µW cm−2 after wetting with deionized water. Combined with the sensitive temperature recognition ability with a Seebeck coefficient of 23.5 µV K−1, the application possibilities of these prepared THEGs in the mutual conversion of fingertip temperature/language, and the monitoring of the human physiological state is foresee.
Simultaneous Modulation of Hypoxia And Metabolism in Glioblastoma for Enhanced Radio‐Immunotherapy
Authors: Xie Yuyuan , Zhang Chonghai , Zhao Ye , Li Tingting , Shen Wenhao , Hu Lin , Yang Kai , Pei Pei , Liu Teng
Published: December 2023

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most invasive and lethal primary brain melanoma. The existing treatment modality is unable to achieve thorough elimination of GBM due to the aggressive nature, blood‐brain barrier (BBB), hypoxic environment, and heterogeneous cellular components. Herein, a radio‐immunotherapy regimen based on a versatile nanoplatform (G/APH‐M) is proposed to effectively kill quiescent cancer stem cells (CSCs) and proliferative cancer cells in GBM in a simultaneous manner. Among o ur prepared G/APH‐M, the coating of GL261 cell membrane guarantees the BBB‐penetrable delivery and homologous GBM‐targeting of the hollow Prussian blue loaded with oxidative phosphorylation inhibitor Gboxin and catalase‐mimetic nanozymes. After substantial tumor accumulation, the released Gboxin inhibits mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation to kill CSCs, while the nanozymes catalyze the production of oxygen to enhance radiotherapy. Consequently, potent immunogenic cell death (ICD) of GBM is induced, which in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors (αPD‐L1), achieving a potent therapeutic effect with an 80% survival rate in the orthotopic GBM model even at 60 days after the treatment. The synergistic modulation of hypoxia and metabolism based on G/APH‐M greatly intensifies the radio‐immunotherapy of GBM, which would inspire more comprehensive strategies targeting the multiple characteristics of GBM cells for clinical benefits.
Transient Mild Photothermia Improves Therapeutic Performance of Oral Nanomedicines with Enhanced Accumulation in the Colitis Mucosa
Authors: Ma Ya , Gou Shuangquan , Zhu Zhenhua , Sun Jianfeng , Shahbazi Mohammad‐Ali , Si Tieyan , Xu Cheng , Ru Jinlong , Shi Xiaoxiao , Reis Rui L. , Kundu Subhas C. , Ke Bowen , Nie Guangjun , Xiao Bo
Published: December 2023

The treatment outcomes of oral medications against ulcerative colitis (UC) have long been restricted by low drug accumulation in the colitis mucosa and subsequent unsatisfactory therapeutic efficacy. Here, high‐performance pluronic F127 (P127)‐modified gold shell (AuS)‐polymeric core nanotherapeutics loading with curcumin (CUR) is constructed. Under near‐infrared irradiation, the resultant P127‐AuS@CURs generate transient mild photothermia (TMP; ≈42 °C, 10 min), which facilitates their penetration through colonic mucus and favors multiple cellular processes, including cell internalization, lysosomal escape, and controlled CUR release. This strategy relieves intracellular oxidative stress, improves wound healing, and reduces immune responses by polarizing the proinflammatory M1‐type macrophages to the anti‐inflammatory M2‐type. Upon oral administration of hydrogel‐encapsulating P127‐AuS@CURs plus intestinal intralumen TMP, their therapeutic effects against acute and chronic UC are demonstrated to be superior to those of a widely used clinical drug, dexamethasone. The treatment of P127‐AuS@CURs (+ TMP) elevates the proportions of beneficial bacteria (e.g., Lactobacillus and Lachnospiraceae), whose metabolites can also mitigate colitis symptoms by regulating genes associated with antioxidation, anti‐inflammation, and wound healing. Overall, the intestinal intralumen TMP offers a promising approach to enhance the therapeutic outcomes of noninvasive medicines against UC.
A Self‐Healing System for Polydicyclopentadiene Thermosets
Authors: Lee Young Bum , Suslick Benjamin A. , de Jong Derek , Wilson Gerald O. , Moore Jeffrey S. , Sottos Nancy R. , Braun Paul V.
Published: December 2023

Self‐healing offers promise for addressing structural failures, increasing lifespan, and improving durability in polymeric materials. Implementing self‐healing in thermoset polymers faces significant manufacturing challenges, especially due to the elevated temperature requirements of thermoset processing. To introduce self‐healing into structural thermosets, the self‐healing system must be thermally stable and compatible with the thermoset chemistry. This article demonstrates a self‐healing microcapsule‐based system stable to frontal polymerization (FP), a rapid and energy‐efficient manufacturing process with a self‐propagating exothermic reaction (≈200 °C). A thermally latent Grubbs‐type complex bearing two N‐heterocyclic carbene ligands addresses limitations in conventional G2‐based self‐healing approaches. Under FP's elevated temperatures, the catalyst remains dormant until activated by a Cu(I) co‐reagent, ensuring efficient polymerization of the dicyclopentadiene (DCPD) upon damage to the polyDCPD matrix. The two‐part microcapsule system consists of one capsule containing the thermally latent Grubbs‐type catalyst dissolved in the solvent, and another capsule containing a Cu(I) coagent blended with liquid DCPD monomer. Using the same chemistry for both matrix fabrication and healing results in strong interfaces as demonstrated by lap‐shear tests. In an optimized system, the self‐healing system restores the mechanical properties of the tough polyDCPD thermoset. Self‐healing efficiencies greater than 90% via tapered double cantilever beam tests are observed.
Age‐associated Senescent – T Cell Signaling Promotes Type 3 Immunity that Inhibits the Biomaterial Regenerative Response
Authors: Han Jin , Cherry Christopher , Mejías Joscelyn C. , Krishnan Kavita , Ruta Anna , Maestas David R. , Peña Alexis N. , Nguyen Helen Hieu , Nagaraj Sushma , Yang Brenda , Gray‐Gaillard Elise F. , Rutkowski Natalie , Browne Maria , Tam Ada J. , Fertig Elana J. , Housseau Franck , Ganguly Sudipto , Moore Erika M. , Pardoll Drew M. , Elisseeff Jennifer H.
Published: December 2023

Aging is associated with immunological changes that compromise response to infections and vaccines, exacerbate inflammatory diseases and can potentially mitigate tissue repair. Even so, age‐related changes to the immune response to tissue damage and regenerative medicine therapies remain unknown. Here, it is characterized how aging induces changes in immunological signatures that inhibit tissue repair and therapeutic response to a clinical regenerative biological scaffold derived from extracellular matrix. Signatures of inflammation and interleukin (IL)‐17 signaling increased with injury and treatment both locally and regionally in aged animals, and computational analysis uncovered age‐associated senescent‐T cell communication that promotes type 3 immunity in T cells. Local inhibition of type 3 immune activation using IL17‐neutralizing antibodies improves healing and restores therapeutic response to the regenerative biomaterial, promoting muscle repair in older animals. These results provide insights into tissue immune dysregulation that occurs with aging that can be targeted to rejuvenate repair.
Improved Light Extraction in Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes via Semiconductor Dilution
Authors: Afolayan Emmanuel O. , Dursun Ibrahim , Pizano Adrian , Lang Chao , Lungwitz Dominique , Kondakova Marina , Boroson Michael , Kahn Antoine , Hickner Michael , Giebink Noel C.
Published: December 2023

Increasing the internal light extraction efficiency of organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) is key to improving their performance for solid‐state lighting applications; however, it is challenging to do this in a way that is compatible with high volume manufacturing. Here, it is shown that the outcoupling efficiency of OLEDs can be improved by diluting their hole transport layer (HTL) with the low refractive index material trifluoropropyl oligomeric silsesquioxane (F‐POSS). Specifically, co‐evaporating 40 vol.% F‐POSS in the HTL of single and multi‐stack phosphorescent OLEDs decreases its refractive index by Δn ≈ 0.2, which in turn yields a ≈12% increase in their outcoupling efficiency with no impact on electrical performance or operational lifetime. This result is significant because F‐POSS is a small molecule that sublimes cleanly, does not aggregate, and is compatible with state‐of‐the‐art HTL materials, making it a realistic path to increase light extraction in commercial OLEDs manufactured on existing production lines.
Multifunctional Metasurface Inverse Design Based on Ultra‐Wideband Spectrum Prediction Neural Network
Authors: Li Yong , Zhang Yu , Wang Yue , Li Jinxing , Jiang Xiaoyang , Yang Guohui , Zhang Kuang , Yuan Yueyi , Fu Jiahui , Di XiaoGuang , Wang Chunhui
Published: December 2023

Multifunctional metasurfaces have demonstrated extensive potential in various fields. During the design of metasurfaces, optimization of components for polarization, amplitude distribution, phase distribution, and other factors is necessary. This process typically demands expert involvement and is time‐consuming. In this paper, a metasurface inverse design method is introduced that combines a high‐precision ultra‐wideband spectrum forward prediction utilizing a neural network and a genetic algorithm. A neural network is constructed and trained to accurately predict the amplitude and phase of a 16 × 16 discrete grid structure with high degrees of freedom in the frequency range of 0.5–2 THz. Leveraging the neural network's ultra‐fast spectrum prediction capabilities (producing approximately 1000 spectra per second), the average optimization time for a single component is reduced to 1.5 min. Finally, the effectiveness of this inverse design method is validated through the design and simulation of multifunctional reflective deflection metasurfaces with two sets of 3‐bit frequency multiplexing and polarization multiplexing. The proposed metasurface inverse design method offers a new approach for the rapid design of components in complex application scenarios and holds significant reference value for metasurface designers.
Enhanced Charging/Discharging Process in Perovskite Active Light Source for High‐Speed Visible‐Light Communication
Authors: Zhang Haoyue , Tang Yuru , Chen Chen , Xiao Meiqin , Yang Jonghee , Zhang Wei , Qin Chaochao , Xiang Ting , Xu Long , Chen Ping
Published: December 2023

Metal halide perovskites are promising light source materials for visible light communication (VLC) due to their excellent photoelectric properties and small resistance‐capacitance time constant. However, previous reports mainly used perovskites as the passive light sources, which not only makes it susceptible to posterior excitation light sources, but also complex in the integration process. Herein, the quasi‐2D PEA2Csn‐1PbnBr3n+1 perovskite light–emitting diodes (PeLEDs) as an active light source in VLC link is demonstrated. It is found that the charging/discharging process of PeLEDs is an important factor governing the ‐3 dB bandwidth (f‐3 dB) of the VLC. To improve this, 3‐sulfopropyl methacrylate potassium salt (SMPS) molecules are introduced into perovskite to simultaneously passivate deep and shallow energy level defects at grain boundaries. Additionally, the multiple quantum wells structures of PEA2Csn‐1PbnBr3n+1 are modified to be flat. At the optimal SMPS concentration, the maximum external quantum efficiency of PeLEDs reaches 21.5%. Meanwhile, the VLC achieves 3.2 MHz f‐3 dB with data transmission of 18.6 Mbps, which is the highest f‐3 dB in PeLEDs with the same active area. Hence, it provides a versatile method to improve the performance of VLC links based on active light sources and advances toward the goal of high‐speed, energy‐efficient and secure free communication.
Polymer Additives with Gas Barrier and Anti‐Aging Properties Made from Asphaltenes via Supercritical Ethanol
Authors: Wu Zulin , Liu Xiangbo , Ma Chao , Du Mingjin , Ding Xiangdong , Xiang Changsheng
Published: December 2023

Asphaltene is often regarded as an undesirable by‐product of petroleum processing, possesses vast reserves with little market value. The typical routes of consuming asphaltene, namely burning and landfilling, pose significant environmental challenges. In this study, low‐value asphaltene is converted into high‐value ethylated carbon clusters (ECC) using a supercritical ethanol technique. The resulting ECC powder demonstrates promising properties for high density polyethylene (HDPE) composite applications. The effects of incorporating ECC on the mechanical, gas barrier, and anti‐aging properties of the composite are investigated. Results show that a 1 wt.% ECC led to a 4.2% and 43.5% increase in tensile strength and elongation at break, a reduction of 45.8% and 30.7% in oxygen and carbon dioxide permeability. Furthermore, ECC exhibits effective UV spectrum absorption and conversion in the wavelength range of 400–600 nm, providing protection against UV spectrum damage to HDPE. The incorporation of ECC not only enhances the properties of polymer composites but also sequesters carbon within the polymer matrix, enabling the valorization of asphaltene while mitigating environmental impact.
Thickness‐Dependence of 2D g‐C3N4 Artificial Interface Layers on Lithium Metal Deposition
Authors: Zhai Pengbo , He Qianqian , Jiang Huaning , Gao Binyin , Zhang Bo , Chen Qian , Yang Zhilin , Wang Tianshuai , Gong Yongji
Published: December 2023

Constructing artificial interfacial layers using 2D materials with tunable physicochemical properties is a promising strategy to fabricate high‐performance lithium (Li) metal anodes. However, their structural evolution during solid‐electrolyte interphase (SEI) formation and the thickness effects on charge transport remain elusive. Herein, 2D g‐C3N4 layers with varied thicknesses are developed on the surface of copper foil to evaluate the thickness effects of artificial SEI on Li metal deposition. It is demonstrated that a thin g‐C3N4 layer (≈2 nm) is rapidly decomposed and fractured under the impact of Li‐ion flux, while a thick g‐C3N4 layer (≈50 nm) impedes the transport of lithium ions and electrons simultaneously, hindering the Li metal deposition underneath. Notably, a g‐C3N4 layer with moderate thickness (≈10 nm) dominates in‐situ generation of stable g‐C3N4/Li3N hybrid artificial SEI and enables fast Li‐ion transport, which induces uniform Li deposition. The lithium electrode protected by the moderate‐thickness g‐C3N4 layer exhibits outstanding cycling stability with a high average Coulombic efficiency of ≈98.92% for over 380 cycles and enables stable cycling of full cell with 50% Li excess and lean electrolyte. This proof‐of‐concept study provides essential guidance for the application of 2D materials in constructing artificial SEI for Li metal anodes.
On a quantum inspired approach to train machine learning models
Authors: Sellier Jean Michel
Published: December 2023

In this work, a novel technique to train machine learning models is introduced, which is based on digital simulations of certain types of quantum systems. This represents a drastic departure from the standard approach of quantum machine learning which, to this day, is based on the use of actual physical quantum systems. To provide a clear context, the field of quantum inspired machine learning is first provided. Then, we proceed with a detailed description of our proposed method. To conclude, some preliminary, yet compelling, results are presented and discussed. Although at a seminal stage, the author firmly believes that this approach could represent a valid and robust alternative to the way machine learning models are trained today.
Retrospective review of the code status of individuals with Down syndrome during the COVID‐19 era
Authors: Jett Jennifer , Fossi Alexander , Blonsky Heather , Ross Wendy , Townsend Sabra , Stephens Mary M. , Chicoine Brian , Santoro Stephanie L.
Published: December 2023

Code status is a label in the medical record indicating a patient's wishes for end‐of‐life (EOL) care in the event of a cardiopulmonary arrest. People with intellectual disabilities had a higher risk of both diagnosis and mortality from coronavirus infections (COVID‐19) than the general population. Clinicians and disability advocates raised concerns that bias, diagnostic overshadowing, and ableism could impact the allocation of code status and treatment options, for patients with intellectual disabilities, including Down syndrome (DS). To study this, retrospective claims data from the Vizient® Clinical Data Base (used with permission of Vizient, all rights reserved.) of inpatient encounters with pneumonia (PNA) and/or COVID‐19 at 825 hospitals from January 2019 to June 2022 were included. Claims data was analyzed for risk of mortality and risk of “Do Not Resuscitate” (DNR) status upon admission, considering patient age, admission source, Elixhauser comorbidities (excluding behavioral health), and DS. Logistic regression models with backward selection were created. In total, 1,739,549 inpatient encounters with diagnoses of COVID‐19, PNA, or both were included. After controlling for other risk factors, a person with a diagnosis of DS and a diagnosis of COVID‐19 PNA had 6.321 odds ratio of having a DNR status ordered at admission to the hospital compared with those with COVID‐19 PNA without DS. The diagnosis of DS had the strongest association with DNR status after controlling for other risk factors. Open and honest discussions among healthcare professionals to foster equitable approaches to EOL care and code status are needed.
Restitution versus repatriation: Terminology and concepts matter
Authors: Rassool Ciraj , Gibbon Victoria E.
Published: December 2023

Introduction

Through museum collecting practice, the deceased, possessions, plants and animals were turned into objects, removed from their communities and places of origin, and were segregated and divided into museum classificatory systems. In the decolonial work of embarking upon purposeful and proactive acts of return, the terms “repatriation” and “restitution” have often been used interchangeably.

Objective

To assess the terminological differences between repatriation and restitution.

Methods

Here, we critically discuss the politics of these terms and present an argument for restitution as restitutionary work.

Results

Repatriation refers to the legal, administrative and logistical matters of returning across national borders. However, restitution is a preferred concept highlighting deeper meanings of return to the proper owner, with restitutionary work being time‐consuming, emotional, often painful, enriching acts of restoration, and transitional justice. Restitution is about the embodiment and empowerment of choice over all aspects of the return.

Conclusion

Here, we argue that terminology matters. While restitution may involve repatriation, repatriation is not a substitute for acts of restoration embodied in restitutionary work.
Time to Disability Milestones and Annualized Relapse Rates in NMOSD and MOGAD
Authors: Duchow Ankelien , Bellmann‐Strobl Judith , Friede Tim , Aktas Orhan , Angstwurm Klemens , Ayzenberg Ilya , Berthele Achim , Dawin Eva , Engels Daniel , Fischer Katinka , Flaskamp Martina , Giglhuber Katrin , Grothe Matthias , Havla Joachim , Hümmert Martin W. , Jarius Sven , Kaste Matthias , Kern Peter , Kleiter Ingo , Klotz Luisa , Korporal‐Kuhnke Mirjam , Kraemer Markus , Krumbholz Markus , Kümpfel Tania , Lohmann Lisa , Ringelstein Marius , Rommer Paulus , Schindler Patrick , Schubert Charlotte , Schwake Carolin , Senel Makbule , Then Bergh Florian , Tkachenko Daria , Tumani Hayrettin , Trebst Corinna , Vardakas Ioannis , Walter Annette , Warnke Clemens , Weber Martin S. , Wickel Jonathan , Wildemann Brigitte , Winkelmann Alexander , Paul Friedemann , Stellmann Jan‐Patrick , Häußler Vivien ,   the Neuromyelitis Optica Study Group (NEMOS)
Published: December 2023

Objective

To investigate accumulation of disability in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein‐antibody‐associated disease (MOGAD) in a changing treatment landscape. We aimed to identify risk factors for the development of disability milestones in relation to disease duration, number of attacks, and age.

Methods

We analyzed data from individuals with NMOSD and MOGAD from the German Neuromyelitis Optica Study Group registry. Applying survival analyses, we estimated risk factors and computed time to disability milestones as defined by the Expanded Disability Status Score (EDSS).

Results

We included 483 patients: 298 AQP4‐IgG+ NMOSD, 52 AQP4‐IgG−/MOG‐IgG− NMOSD patients, and 133 patients with MOGAD. Despite comparable annualized attack rates, disability milestones occurred earlier and after less attacks in NMOSD patients than MOGAD patients (median time to EDSS 3: AQP4‐IgG+ NMOSD 7.7 (95% CI 6.6–9.6) years, AQP4‐IgG−/MOG‐IgG− NMOSD 8.7) years, MOGAD 14.1 (95% CI 10.4–27.6) years; EDSS 4: 11.9 (95% CI 9.7–14.7), 11.6 (95% lower CI 7.6) and 20.4 (95% lower CI 14.1) years; EDSS 6: 20.1 (95% CI 16.5–32.1), 20.7 (95% lower CI 11.6), and 37.3 (95% lower CI 29.4) years; and EDSS 7: 34.2 (95% lower CI 31.1) for AQP4‐IgG+ NMOSD). Higher age at onset increased the risk for all disability milestones, while risk of disability decreased over time.

Interpretation

AQP4‐IgG+ NMOSD, AQP4‐IgG−/MOG‐IgG− NMOSD, and MOGAD patients show distinctive relapse‐associated disability progression, with MOGAD having a less severe disease course. Investigator‐initiated research has led to increasing awareness and improved treatment strategies appearing to ameliorate disease outcomes for NMOSD and MOGAD. ANN NEUROL 2024;95:720–732
Magnetostatic Field Induced by Mechanical Deformations
Authors: Yamamoto Kei , Maekawa Sadamichi
Published: December 2023

A general expression for the magnetostatic field generated by mechanical deformations to a ferromagnetic material in the continuum description is derived. Linearization with respect to the displacement vector is shown to be well defined. To demonstrate the use of the formulation, two examples are discussed. First, a complete derivation of the magneto‐rotation coupling for a uniformly magnetized film is given. Second, the lowest asymmetric mode of Lamb waves propagating through a magnetic vortex is shown to induce an in‐plane magnetostatic field localized around the vortex core.
Fast Reaction Kinetics and Commendable Low‐Temperature Adaptability of Zinc Batteries Enabled by Aprotic Water‐Acetamide Symbiotic Solvation Sheath
Authors: Wang Shuyun , Chen Shengmei , Ying Yiran , Li Gang , Wang Haipeng , Cheung Ka Kiu Keith , Meng Qingjun , Huang Haitao , Ma Longtao , Zapien Juan Antonio
Published: December 2023

Although rechargeable aqueous zinc batteries are cost effectiveness, intrinsicly safe, and high activity, they are also known for bringing rampant hydrogen evolution reaction and corrosion. While eutectic electrolytes can effectively eliminate these issues, its high viscosity severely reduces the mobility of Zn2+ ions and exhibits poor temperature adaptability. Here, we infuse acetamide molecules with Lewis base and hydrogen bond donors into a solvated shell of Zn[(H2O)6]2+ to create Zn(H2O)3(ace)(BF4)2. The viscosity of 1ace‐1H2O is 0.032 Pa s, significantly lower than that of 1ace‐0H2O (995.6 Pa s), which improves ionic conductivity (9.56 mS cm−1) and shows lower freezing point of −45 °C, as opposed to 1ace‐0H2O of 4.04 mS cm−1 and 12 °C, respectively. The acidity of 1ace‐1H2O is ≈2.8, higher than 0ace‐1H2O at ≈0.76, making side reactions less likely. Furthermore, benefiting from the ZnCO3/ZnF2‐rich organic/inorganic solid electrolyte interface, the Zn || Zn cells cycle more than 1300 hours at 1 mA cm−2, and the Zn || Cu operated over 1800 cycles with an average Coulomb efficiency of ≈99.8 %. The Zn || PANI cell cycled over 8500 cycles, with a specific capacity of 99.8 mAh g−1 at 5 A g−1 at room temperature, and operated at −40 °C with a capacity of 66.8 mAh g−1.
The isolated elliptical galaxy NGC 5812–MOND or dark matter?
Authors: Richtler Tom , Salinas Ricardo , Lane Richard , Hilker Michael
Published: December 2023

There exist isolated elliptical galaxies, whose dynamics can be modeled without resorting to dark matter or MOND, for example, NGC 7507. Such objects lack understanding within the current framework of galaxy formation. The isolated elliptical NGC 5812 is another object to investigate a possible role of isolation. We use globular clusters (GCs) and the galaxy light itself as dynamical tracers to constrain its mass profile. We employ Gemini/GMOS mask spectroscopy, apply the GMOS reduction procedures provided within IRAF, measure GC velocities by cross correlation methods and extract the line‐of‐sight kinematics of galaxy spectra using the tool pPXF. We identify 28 GCs with an outermost galactocentric distance of 20 kpc, for which velocities could be obtained. Furthermore, 16 spectra of the integrated galaxy light out to 6 kpc have been used to model the central kinematics. These spectra provide evidence for a disturbed velocity field, which is plausible given the disturbed morphology of the galaxy. We construct spherical Jeans models for the galaxy light and apply tracer mass estimators for the globular clusters. With the assumptions inherent to the mass estimators, MOND is compatible with the mass out to 20 kpc. However, a dark matter free galaxy is not excluded, given the uncertainties related to a possible nonsphericity and a possible nonequilibrium state. We find one globular cluster with an estimated mass of , the first Ultra Compact Dwarf in an isolated elliptical. We put NGC 5812 into the general context of dark matter or alternative ideas in elliptical galaxies. The case for a MONDian phenomenology also among early‐type galaxies has become so strong that deviating cases appear astrophysically more interesting than agreements. The baryonic Tully Fisher relation (BTFR) as predicted by MOND is observed in some samples of early‐type galaxies, in others not. However, in cases of galaxies that deviate from the MONDian prediction, data quality and data completeness are often problematic.
The branch‐cut quantum gravity with a self‐coupling inflation scalar field: Dynamical equations
Authors: Weber Fridolin , Hess Peter O. , Bodmann Benno , de Freitas Pacheco José , Hadjimichef Dimiter , Marzola Marcelo , Naysinger Geovane , Razeira Moisés , Zen Vasconcellos César A.
Published: December 2023

This article focuses on the implications of the recently developed commutative formulation based on branch‐cutting cosmology, the Wheeler–DeWitt equation, and Hořava–Lifshitz quantum gravity. Assuming a mini‐superspace of variables, we explore the impact of an inflaton‐type scalar field on the dynamical equations that describe the trajectories evolution of the scale factor of the Universe, characterized by the dimensionless helix‐like function . This scale factor characterizes a Riemannian foliated spacetime that topologically overcomes the big bang and big crunch singularities. Taking the Hořava–Lifshitz action as our starting point, which depends on the scalar curvature of the branched Universe and its derivatives, with running coupling constants denoted as , the commutative quantum gravity approach preserves the diffeomorphism property of General Relativity, maintaining compatibility with the Arnowitt–Deser–Misner formalism. We investigate both chaotic and nonchaotic inflationary scenarios, demonstrating the sensitivity of the branch‐cut Universe's dynamics to initial conditions and parameterizations of primordial matter content. The results suggest a continuous connection of Riemann surfaces, overcoming primordial singularities and exhibiting diverse evolutionary behaviors, from big crunch to moderate acceleration.
Exclusive production of ground and excited light vector mesons with a holographic wave function model
Authors: Henkels Cheryl
Published: December 2023

The exclusive photo‐ and electroproduction of light vector mesons like and is studied in collisions within the color dipole formalism with vector meson wave functions obtained using the AdS/QCD holographic approach. This setup provides a good description of the existing data for the ground vector mesons and permits us to make predictions for the corresponding excited states. The results show significant theoretical uncertainties related to modeling the partial dipole amplitude, which can be constrained with upcoming measurements in future hadron colliders.
CHRND variant in a paternally inherited esophageal atresia and tracheoesophgageal fistula: Report of a case
Authors: Soyer Tutku , Boybeyi Özlem , Karaosmanoğlu Beren , Taşkıran Ekim , Şimşek Özlem Pelin , Utine Gülen Eda
Published: December 2023

Background

The familial occurrence of esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula (EA‐TEF) is very rare and the genetic basis behind the isolated familial cases have not been identified. A male infant born with EA‐TEF and his affected father were evaluated with whole genome sequence to define a genetic causative variation in paternally inherited EA‐TEF.

Case Report

A male infant was born to 29‐years‐old, gravida 1, para 1 women by normal vaginal delivery. The patient was diagnosed as Type‐C EA‐TEF. In his family history, his father was also operated for EA‐TEF during neonatal period. He had no associated anomaly despite patent foramen ovale. Genomic DNAs were extracted from peripheral blood of the patient and the father. When causative genes responsible for EA‐TEF were filtered out, four different variants in NOTCH2, SAMD9, SUPT20H and CHRND were found. Except the variant found in CHRND (NM_000751.2, c.381C>G, p.(Tyr127Ter)), other three variants were not found to be segregated with the father who has EA‐TEF also. This nonsense variant was not found in GnomAD database.

Conclusion

CHRND variant found in both EA‐TEF patient and his affected father suggest that CHRND variant might possibly be considered as one of the causative genetic variants in familial isolated EA‐TEF patients.
Directed evolution of Baeyer–Villiger monooxygenase for highly secretory expressed in Pichia pastoris and efficient preparation of chiral pyrazole sulfoxide
Authors: Qin Peng , Lu Xin‐Yi , Xu Jian‐He , Yu Hui‐Lei
Published: December 2023

The methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris (Komagataella phaffii) is a highly distinguished expression platform for the excellent synthesis of various heterologous proteins in recent years. With the advantages of high‐density fermentation, P. pastoris can produce gram amounts of recombinant proteins. While not every protein of interest can be expressed to such high titers, such as Baeyer–Villiger monooxygenase (BVMO) (AcPSMO) which is responsible for pyrazole sulfide asymmetric oxidation. In this work, an excellent yeast expression system was established to facilitate efficient AcPSMO expression, which exhibited 9.5‐fold enhanced secretion. Subsequently, an ultrahigh throughput screening method based on fluorescence‐activated cell sorting by fusing super folder green fluorescent protein (sfGFP) in the C‐terminal of AcPSMO was developed, and directed evolution was performed. The protein expression level of the superior mutant AcPSMOP1 (S58T/T252P/E336N/H456D) reached 84.6 mg/L at 100 mL shaking flask, which was 4.7 times higher than the levels obtained with the wild‐type. Finally, the optimized chassis cells were used for high‐density fermentation on a 5‐L scale, and AcPSMOP1 protein yield of 3.4 g/L was achieved, representing approximately 85% of the total protein secreted. By directly employing the pH‐adjusted supernatant as a biocatalyst, 20 g/L pyrmetazole sulfide was completely transformed into the corresponding (S)‐sulfoxide, with a 78.8% isolated yield. This work confers dramatic benefits for efficient secretion of other BVMOs in P. pastoris.
Long‐term outcomes after coronary intervention with biodegradable polymer stents in patients with acute coronary syndromes
Authors: Noori Manijeh , Christiansen Evald Høj , Raungaard Bent , Junker Anders , Christensen Martin Kirk , Kahlert Johnny , Maeng Michael , Freeman Phillip , Hansen Kirstine Nørregaard , Terkelsen Christian Juhl , Ellert‐Gregersen Julia , Kristensen Steen Dalby , Veien Karsten Tange , Jakobsen Lars , Jensen Lisette Okkels
Published: December 2023

Background

Patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS) may have worse outcomes after percutaneous coronary intervention compared to patients without ACS.

Aims

To compare 5‐year efficacy and safety outcomes in patients with and without ACS treated with biodegradable polymers, the ultrathin strut sirolimus‐eluting Orsiro stent (O‐SES) or the biolimus‐eluting Nobori stent (N‐BES).

Methods

The Scandinavian Organisation for Randomized Trials with Clinical Outcome VII is a randomized trial comparing O‐SES and N‐BES in an all‐comer setting. Of 2525 patients, 1329 (53%) patients had ACS and 1196 (47%) patients were without ACS. Endpoints were target lesion failure (TLF) (a composite of cardiac death, target lesion myocardial infarction, or target lesion revascularization) and definite stent thrombosis within 5 years.

Results

At 5‐year follow‐up, TLF did not differ significantly between patients with and without ACS (12.3% vs. 13.2%; rate ratio (RR) 1.00; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.70–1.44), whereas the risk of definite stent thrombosis was increased in patients with ACS (2.3% vs. 1.3; RR: 2.01 [95% CI: 1.01–3.98]). In patients with ACS, the rate of TLF was similar between O‐SES and N‐BES (12.4% vs. 12.3%; RR: 1.02; 95% CI: 0.74–1.40). The reduced risk of definite stent thrombosis in O‐SES treated ACS patients within the first year (0.2% vs. 1.6%; RR: 0.12; 95% CI: 0.02–0.93) was not maintained after 5 years (1.8% vs. 2.7%; RR: 0.77; 95% CI: 0.37–1.63).

Conclusion

Patients with ACS had an increased risk of stent thrombosis regardless of the stent type used. Long‐term outcomes were similar for ACS patients treated with O‐SES or N‐BES at 5 years.
A Protection Strategy for High‐yield Synthesis of Dimethyl Furan‐2,5‐dicarboxylate from 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural Using Methanol as an Acetalizing Agent
Authors: Sheet Nirupama , Osuga Ryota , Arai Nao , Wiesfeld Jan J. , Suganuma Satoshi , Aoshima Takayuki , Fukuoka Atsushi , Hensen Emiel J. M. , Nakajima Kiyotaka
Published: December 2023

Developing efficient catalytic processes for obtaining biobased monomers for plastics can significantly contribute to a more sustainable economy. The biomass‐derived and chemical platform 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) can be converted to various key intermediates, which is often hampered by side reactions due to the reactive nature of the formyl group in HMF. Here, we present a stepwise approach involving a protecting agent to obtain dimethyl furan‐2,5‐dicarboxylate (MFDC), which is a monomer for polyalkylene furanoates, a new class of biobased polyesters. Methanol is used as a solvent, reactant, and protecting agent for HMF's formyl group. In the first step, the oxidative esterification of the hydroxymethyl group to methyl carboxylate in HMF‐dimethylacetal catalyzed by Au/CeO2 affords methyl 5‐formylfuran‐2‐carboxylate dimethylacetal (MFFC‐acetal) in high yields (>90 %) from concentrated methanolic solutions (~20 wt %). Without protecting agent, a mixture of methyl‐5‐hydroxymethylfuran‐2‐carboxylate (MHMFC), MFDC, and humin byproduct was obtained. The deprotection of MFFC‐acetal in the second step proceeded efficiently in acetone with Amberlyst‐15, affording MFFC in a >90 % yield. In the final step, oxidative esterification of MFFC in methanol (10 wt %) afforded MFDC in a 93 % yield using Au/CeO2. The acetal protection strategy with methanol offers an efficient route toward MFDC in two oxidative esterification steps.
Identity and publications of editorial board members on counseling journals
Authors: Hatchett Gregory T.
Published: December 2023

The purpose of this study was to investigate the professional identity, post‐degree experience, and journal article publication counts of 798 editorial board members who served on 22 counseling journals. Implications of these findings for counselor education and editorial board membership are discussed.
Study on the epoxidation of chain olefins using biquaternary ammonium phosphotungstic acid phase transfer catalysts under no‐solvent condition
Authors: Zhang Li‐Zhi , Ju Hong‐Bin , Geng Tao , Li De‐Bao , Jiang Ya‐Jie , Wang Ya‐Kui
Published: December 2023

In this study, we have developed a novel catalyst synthesized by phosphotungstic acid and a gemini quaternary ammonium cation salt. This quaternary ammonium salt not only reduces the interfacial tension between olefins and hydrogen peroxide but also forms a notably stable structure with phosphotungstic acid. Dodecene was successfully epoxidized to epoxy dodecane with a selectivity of 82.9 %. The impact of initial conditions was systematically investigated such as molar ratio, temperature, reaction time, and catalyst dosage on the catalytic performance. Characterization of the catalyst morphology was performed by SEM, TEM and SAXS. Raman spectra, FT‐IR and XPS spectra were employed to perform the catalyst transformation during the epoxidation reaction. This catalytic mechanism study could provide the industrial application in the epoxidation of long‐chain olefins.
General Construction of Asymmetric Amine Ethers via Efficient Transesterification
Authors: Li Ziwei , Hong Zeng , Qian Chao , Chen Xinzhi , Zhou Shaodong
Published: December 2023

A novel method to prepare asymmetric amine ethers is reported. Tertiary amine alcohol hydrogen sulfate intermediates are prepared through a reactive distillation process, followed by the transesterification process to afford eventually asymmetric amine ethers. Experiments and DFT calculations revealed the essential roles the sulfate group plays in the highly selective monoesterification process. This clean method is tolerant towards various functional groups with good yields under mild condition, which is obviously superior compared to the conventional processes.
Technology Development for the Pyrolysis of Hydrocarbons in Liquid Metal
Authors: Stoppel Leonid , Dietrich Benjamin , Duran Ines , Hofberger Christoph , Krumholz Ralf , Uhlenbruck Neele , Wetzel Thomas
Published: December 2023

This article describes the development of a new technology based on the application of liquid metal and aims to produce hydrogen by decarbonization (pyrolysis process) of both natural and artificially synthesized hydrocarbons. When biogas with a sufficiently high carbon dioxide content is used as a feedstock, or by the targeted addition of CO2 to methane, a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide (synthesis gas) can be produced. Furthermore, the paper describes another very interesting application of the technology to create negative emissions. In this scenario, the processes direct air capture, methanation, electrolysis and methane pyrolysis are combined to synthesize solid carbon from atmospheric CO2. The broad range of process options investigated indicates that, when the technology is scaled up to industrial scale, the result will be a process that is flexible in both the use of reactants and the resulting products.
pHbot: Self‐Driven Robot for pH Adjustment of Viscous Formulations via Physics‐informed‐ML**
Authors: Chitre Aniket , Cheng Jayce , Ahamed Sarfaraz , Querimit Robert C. M. , Zhu Benchuan , Wang Ke , Wang Long , Hippalgaonkar Kedar , Lapkin Alexei A.
Published: December 2023

pH adjustment is crucial for many industrial products, yet this step is typically performed by manual trial‐and‐error. A particularly industrially relevant yet challenging titration is that of adjusting viscous liquid formulations using weak, polyprotic titrants (usually citric acid). Handling of viscous, non‐Newtonian formulations, with such polyprotic acids preferred for their chelation and buffering effects make a robotic solution challenging. We present a self‐driving pH robot integrated with physics‐informed learning; this hybrid physical‐ML model enables automated titration with weak‐strong acid/base pairs. To deal with the high viscosities of these formulations, we developed specific automated mixing and cleaning protocols. We hit the target pH within two to five iterations over 250 distinct formulations in lab‐scale small‐batch (~10 mL and 12 samples) titrations. In the interest of scaling up to match industrial processes, we also demonstrate that our hybrid algorithm works at ~25× scale‐up. The method is general, and we open‐source our algorithm and designs.
One‐pot Tandem Synthesis and Spontaneous Product Separation of N‐heterocycles based on Bifunctional Small‐molecule Photocatalyst
Authors: Yao Xin‐Rong , Jia Meng‐Ze , Miao Xiao‐Li , Chen Yun‐Rui , Pan Jia‐Qi , Zhang Jie
Published: December 2023

Homogeneous and heterogeneous reactions wherein the resulting products remain dissolved in solvents generally require complicated separation and purification process, despite the advantage of heterogeneous systems allowing retrieval of catalysts. Herein, we have developed an efficient approach for the one‐pot tandem synthesis of quinazolines, quinazolinones and benzothiadiazine 1,1‐dioxides from alcohols and amines utilizing a bifunctional bipyridinium photocatalyst with redox and Lewis acid sites using air as an oxidant. Through solvent‐modulation strategy, the photocatalytic system exhibits high performance and enables most products to separate spontaneously. Consequently, the homogeneous catalyst can be reused by direct centrifugation isolation of the products. Notably, the method is also applicable to the less active substrates, such as heterocyclic alcohols and aliphatic alcohols, and thus provides an efficient and environmentally friendly photocatalytic route with spontaneous separation of N‐heterocycles to reduce production costs and meet the needs of atomic economy and green chemistry.