bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE POINT SYSTEM OF ASSESSMENT WITHIN THE AUTOMATED EDUCATIONAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL COMPLEX
Authors: Danilovich E. S. , Krivosheya M. S. , Puturidze Z. S.
Published: September 2024

A point system that stimulates the systematic work of the student, ensures the completeness of the course development and an automated, objective, qualitative assessment of the level of education is presented. The research was conducted on the basis of data obtained during the operation of the automated educational and technological complex of education at the MIREA Institute of Information Technologies, during practical classes and course work on the discipline of object-oriented programming in the algorithmic language C++. The methodology of preparation of educational material, practical tasks, organization of the educational process and mathematical support for determining the score is proposed. The results obtained are practically used within the framework of an educational and technological automated complex for organizing and conducting practical classes and completing coursework in the discipline of object-oriented programming, can be used by a wide pedagogical community of higher educational institutions. The novelty the research is the unification of the organizational component of the educational process, stimulating the systematic work of the student, ensuring the completeness of the course development and automated objective assessment of the quality of education. The proposed set of formulas contains many possible variations. This will allow the proposed point system to be easily adapted to the specific requirements of other educational institutions and disciplines.
IDENTIFICATION OF ASSOCIATIVE RULES IN THE BEHAVIOUR OF AUTOMATED SYSTEMS INFORMATION SECURITY INTRUDERS
Authors: Fedin F. O. , Mukhin A. D.
Published: September 2024

An approach based on the use of one of the varieties of affinity analysis – associative rule search, which allows to identify associative rules in the use of various methods of port scanning and operating system characterization by intruders of information security of automated systems is proposed. The mechanism of associative rule search using the scalable apriori algorithm is described. The basic concepts and an example of application of this mechanism with calculation of necessary characteristics such as support, confidence and lift were considered. The obtained associative rules will enable information protection specialists to be better oriented in the nature of actions of information security violators of automated systems and will become the basis for making informed managerial decisions on improving the existing or building a new information protection system, more effective response to information security incidents.
Alois Rašín, Československo a moc ustavující
Authors: Preuss Ondřej
Published: September 2024

The article discusses the concept of constituent and constituted power in the context of the establishment of the Czechoslovak state in 1918 – the constitutional revolution, with a particular focus on the role of Alois Rašín, a key figure in this process of discontinuity from the existing regime. However, the distinction between constituent and constituted power fails to explain how a new legal order arises without overly idealizing the constituent power. Author suggests focusing on specific values, such as democracy, political rights guarantees, and equality, rather than on the ephemeral nature of power during the creation of a new regime.
Udělování československého státního občanství „krajanům vracejícím se do vlasti“ podle ústavního zákona č. 74/1946 Sb.
Authors: Nedvěd Martin
Published: September 2024

The aim of this article is to highlight certain aspects of the application of Constitutional Act No. 74/1946 on the granting of citizenship to compatriots returning to their homeland, and to present some of the research brought to light from archival collections of the post-war Ministry of Labour and Social Welfare and of the Czechoslovak Foreign Institute. The article points out that remigration under article 1 of the above-quoted Constitutional Act was not merely a privileged naturalization as was remigration under article 2 – compatriots were legally entitled to citizenship. Attention is paid especially to the contemporary extensive interpretation, which we could capture through the maxim in favorem remigrationis. Hence, for example, the legal terms “liberation of Czechoslovak territory from enemy occupation” and “Czechoslovak resettlement action” used to be interpreted remarkably broadly in the administrative practice of the post-war republic. In addition, the study reflects on the concepts of nation that have been crucial in determining the state’s policy on compatriots and remigration, and it looks for parallels with the recent compatriot policy of the Government of the Czech Republic.
HOŘEJŠ, M. Nacistická germanizační a osídlovací politika v Protektorátu Čechy a Morava
Authors: Beránek Jan
Published: September 2024

Book review on HOŘEJŠ, M. Nacistická germanizační a osídlovací politika v Protektorátu Čechy a Morava. Praha: Karolinum, 2023, 431 s.
Subtexts of Most Read Articles on Social Sciences Citation Index: Trends in Educational Issues
Authors: Köybaşı Şemin Fatma
Published: September 2024

Although education is mostly the duty of educators, it is an important field that concerns all segments of society. Studies and regulations on education on a global scale have gained momentum in terms of increasing both quality and quantity. Which issues related to education are considered important and which problems are focused on can be a guide in giving direction to the regulations in education. In this study, a total of 351 articles published in SSCI journals are reviewed, with documentary analysis, and the subject areas of the most read articles on education are discussed. The most-read articles on education focus on the themes of inequality and injustice in critical education. Other results of the research are discussed in detail in the article.
Alcuin als planender Architekt in York und Aachen *
Authors: Lohrmann Dietrich
Published: September 2024

Abstract

This article mentions first the recent advances in the study of Aachen Cathedral: the discussion about its dates of construction, the architects, and principally Alcuin as donneur d’idées of the decisive concept. It refers particularly to a little noticed statement at the end of Alcuin’s poem on the saint-bishops of York, where he indicates his share in the construction of a new church of St. Sophia in York. We then examine Alcuin’s role as a church planner, offer two new pieces of evidence for the progress of construction in Aachen ( 795–799 ), suggest the use of columns from Italy in Aachen and other churches ( Centula, Saint-Amand ) and conclude with Alcuin’s donation of Bible copies and his relationship to the oldest Vitruvius manuscript Harleianus 2767.
The Semantic Constellation of Byzantine asteiotēs
Authors: Lovato Valeria Flavia
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Modern scholars have emphasized the importance of the study of asteiotēs ( literally, ‘urbanity’ ) for a better understanding of the socio-cultural history of Byzantium. This multifaceted concept is generally described as a canon of urbane refinement, increasingly linked to the notion of wit. But does this definition apply to all the sources dealing with asteiotēs? While not claiming to provide a definitive answer, this paper illustrates a methodological approach that may help to address this and other questions in a more comprehensive way than has been attempted so far. Relying on the combination of hermeneutic approach to the sources and quantitative investigation that is the hallmark of historical semantics, this study traces a provisional semantic constellation of asteiotēs. The latter, in turn, is instrumental in locating some relevant case studies ( eleventh to fourteenth centuries ). A comparative analysis of these texts reveals some significant trends in the diachronic evolution of asteiotēs, which are already sufficient to nuance previous scholarly assumptions and to point to new avenues of research.
Thermodynamics and dynamic stability: extended theories of heat conduction
Authors: Somogyfoki Réka , Famá Alessio , Restuccia Liliana , Ván Peter
Published: September 2024

The stability of homogeneous thermodynamic equilibrium is analyzed in heat conduction theories in the framework of nonequilibrium thermodynamics, where the internal energy, the heat flux and a second order tensor are thermodynamic state variables. It is shown, that the thermodynamic conditions of concave entropy and nonnegative entropy production can ensure the linear stability. Various special heat conduction theories, including Extended Thermodynamics, are compared in the general framework.
Selected open problems in continuous-time quantum walks
Authors: Coutinho Gabriel , Guo Krystal
Published: September 2024

Quantum walks on graphs are fundamental to quantum computing and have led to many interesting open problems in algebraic graph theory. This review article highlights three key classes of open problems in this domain: perfect state transfer, instantaneous uniform mixing, and average mixing matrices. In highlighting these open problems, our aim is to stimulate further research and exploration in this rapidly evolving field.
Thermal performance of teardrop pin fins and zig zag ribs in a wedge channel
Authors: Venkatesh Goveraiahgari , Meenakshi Reddy Reddygari
Published: September 2024

Aviation, marine propulsion, and power generation employ gas turbine engines extensively. The combustion process’s high temperatures make gas turbine engine development difficult. For safe turbine blade operation, internal cooling is essential. Ribs, pin-fins, and impinging jets are just examples of the several different types of structures that are typically included in internal cooling systems. The present study investigates the effect of rib placed in between the pin fins in a wedge channel. Nine rib configurations along with base line model without ribs are employed in this study. The SST k-omega turbulence model was employed to simulate the flow field and heat transfer of each case using the commercial software ANSYS Fluent. The investigation demonstrated that the heat transfer distribution and flow field in pin-fin arrays were substantially influenced by the ribs-induced secondary flows, particularly in the spanwise direction, which resulted in a significant heat transfer variation. In comparison to other configurations, the 4H4L rib configuration exhibits the highest thermal performance factor, surpassing the baseline by approximately 16.6 %.
Exploring chromosomal instability and clonal heterogeneity in breast cancer
Authors: Castellanos Giovanny , Camargo-Herrera Laura Valentina , Rangel Nelson , Jiménez-Tobón Guillermo Antonio , Martínez-Agüero María , Rondón-Lagos Milena
Published: September 2024

Chromosomal instability (CIN), characterized by fluctuations in chromosome number or structure within cells, stands out as a hallmark of cancer, enabling tumors to thrive in hostile conditions. CIN serves as a driver of genetic diversity, giving rise to clonal heterogeneity (CH). Emerging evidence points to a potential correlation between CIN, CH, and the prognosis of breast cancer (BC) patients, especially in tumors exhibiting overexpression of the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2+). However, our understanding of the role of CIN in other subtypes of BC is limited. Furthermore, it remains unclear whether CIN levels above a certain threshold in BC tumors could adversely affect tumor growth, or if lower to moderate levels of CIN might be associated with a more favorable prognosis for BC patients compared to elevated levels. Elucidating these relationships could significantly influence risk assessment and the formulation of future therapeutic approaches targeting CIN in BC. This study aimed to assess CIN and CH in tumor tissue samples obtained from Colombian patients diagnosed with luminal A, luminal B, HER2+, or triple-negative BC, and compare them with established clinicopathological parameters. The findings of this study indicate that BC patients exhibit intermediate CIN, high CH, and stable aneuploidy. All these characteristics were found to be related to clinicopathological features. Our results suggest that the identification of CIN, CH, and aneuploidy could improve cancer risk stratification, which could help to clarify the prediction of clinical outcomes and guide personalized therapeutic strategies for patients with different BC subtypes.
Propensiones educativas: aprender, enseñar, mediar
Authors: Espinoza Vásquez Rodrigo
Published: September 2024

This article aims to investigate the inclination to mediate that arises in educational experiences, based on two previous conceptualizations: the inclination to learn and to teach. Referring to this topic implies making visible the practices that occur in educational activities. It starts from the conception that education is the creation of possible relationships and extends beyond the school. The inclination to mediate is compared to the weaving of a loom, where the boundaries between learning and teaching blur. The importance of patience and aesthetic sense in the act of mediating is mentioned, as well as the need to let go of fear. Mediation is approached as an act of tenderness, patience, and compassion, highlighting the importance of allowing learning and respecting the freedom of the learner. In conclusion, it is emphasized that the inclination to mediate involves expanding educational boundaries, moving more towards chance than causality. The importance of empathy in mediation relationships is highlighted, and the shift in disposition towards a listening relationship and availability to the other is underscored.
Deconstruyendo la educación: una reflexión sobre algunos de los desafíos a los que se enfrentan los sistemas escolares latinoamericanos
Authors: Parrado Torres Henry Giovanni
Published: September 2024

This essay makes a critical analysis of some of the situations that Latin American education faces, in which the poor results of students compared to those of first world nations, the difficult and changing scenarios that teachers experience, and the great demands of society, that strive for higher quality education, require a school system that continually provokes profound transformations. The following identified actions do not in any way attempt to reduce the complex realities of education to a few elements; however, they point out actions in which attention could be paid to in favor of the continuous improvement of processes. Initially, it is considered essential that education systems recognize the pedagogical knowledge of teachers and involve it in the configuration of educational policies. On the other hand, a reflective study on the role of faculties in education is imperative, where there seems to be a disconnection between theory and practice and between the teacher that is planned to be trained and the one that is achieved. Finally, the perspective of making educational research the driving force with which pedagogical knowledge is built is highlighted.
Perspectivas académicas sobre la enseñanza virtual en contextos de educación superior
Authors: Briceño Nuñez Chess Emmanuel
Published: September 2024

Virtual teaching in higher education, driven by technology and globalization, has garnered academic interest. This article explores epistemological, ontological, and axiological perspectives to understand virtual teaching. The importance of instructor self-assessment and student evaluation is emphasized. Background studies reveal research on virtual tutoring, educational technology, and teacher competencies. The theoretical framework addresses Constructivism, Activity Theory, and the Technology Acceptance Model. The quantitative methodology examines the perception of 30 teachers and 100 students. The results show consensus on clarity of material, effectiveness of multimedia resources, and attention to interaction. Additionally, shared concern for technological accessibility is highlighted. It is concluded that clear curriculum design and effective interaction are crucial for virtual teaching in higher education.
Seguimiento y acompañamiento que reciben las comisiones de autoevaluación de la División de Educología
Authors: García Vargas Silvia , Azofeifa Lizano Ana
Published: September 2024

The permanent activity Self-Evaluation and Quality Management of the Division of Educology (APAGCDE), carries out within its multiple tasks; accompany and follow up on the improvement plans of the self-assessment and accreditation commissions (CAE's) of own and shared careers, therefore, hold meetings and consult with different social actors involved in the substantive actions of the Academic Unit (UA) , as are the representatives of the Division of Educology (DED) in the CAE's, this with the purpose of offering the support required from the UA Directorate and this permanent activity.
In 2023, the APAGCDE followed up, held an annual meeting and applied a consultation to the people participating in said commissions, to know the current status of the self-assessment and accreditation processes of the DED careers, as well as assess the support that They receive these commissions from the curricular advisory service of the Vice-Rector for Teaching (VD). The consultation responds to a formative evaluation that promotes suitable and relevant actions that benefit the DED and university bodies with the sole purpose of continuing to improve actions and seek excellent academics.
SYSTEMATIZATION OF PUBLISHED SCIENTIFIC GRAPHICS CHARACTERIZING THE WATER VAPOR CONTINUUM ABSORPTION: III. PUBLICATIONS OF 2001-2020
Authors: ЛАВРЕНТЬЕВ Н.А. , РОДИМОВА О.Б. , ФАЗЛИЕВ А.З.
Published: September 2024

Описаны графические ресурсы по континуальному поглощению водяного пара и его смесей, опубликованные в 2011-2020 гг. Представлены сводные таблицы, характеризующие основные параметры коэффициентов поглощения и функций пропускания в разных спектральных интервалах, температурную зависимость коэффициента поглощения и константу равновесия реакции образования димера воды. Отмечены особенности исследования континуального поглощения в опубликованных за эти годы работах. В сжатой форме представлены результаты оценки качества цитируемых графиков, которые описаны четырьмя качественными и количественными атрибутами. Охарактеризованы три процедуры цитирования, две из которых компьютеризированы. Представлен метод оценки различия цитирующего и цитируемого графика и примеры пар «цитирующий и цитируемый графики» с количественной оценкой различия.

Graphical resources on the continuum absorption of water vapor and its mixtures published in 2011-2020 are described. Summary tables are presented that characterize the main parameters of the absorption coefficients and transmission functions in different spectral intervals, the temperature dependence of the absorption coefficient, and the equilibrium constant of the water dimer formation reaction. The features of the study of the continuum absorption in published works in this time interval are noted. In a concise form, the results of the assessment of the quality of citing plots are presented, which are described by four qualitative and quantitative attributes. Three citation procedures are characterized, two of which are computerized. A method for estimating the difference between the citing and cited plots and examples of pairs "citing and cited plots" with a quantitative assessment of the difference are presented.
MEASUREMENTS OF ATMOSPHERIC PARAMETERS ALONG AN EXTENDED PATH. II. OPTICAL MEASUREMENTS OF TURBULENCE
Authors: БОРЗИЛОВ А.Г. , КОНЯЕВ П.А. , ЛУКИН В.П. , СОИН Е.Л.
Published: September 2024

Настоящая публикация является продолжением первой части статьи «Измерения параметров атмосферы на протяженной трассе. I. Акустические измерения уровня турбулентности и средней скорости ветра». Она посвящена результатам оптических измерений турбулентности атмосферы на протяженных атмосферных трассах и их сравнению с данными одновременных акустических измерений с помощью метеостанции АМК-03. Данные исследования были проведены для определения эффективных средних по трассе распространения оптического излучения значений параметров турбулентности и связанных с ними радиусов когерентности оптических волн, распространяющихся через атмосферу.

This work is a continuation of the paper "Measurements of atmospheric parameters along an extended paths. I. Acoustic measurements of turbulence and average wind speed" and is devoted to the results of optical measurements of atmospheric turbulence along horizontal atmospheric paths. These measurements were carried out to determine the effective mean values of atmospheric turbulence parameters along an optical radiation propagation path and the associated coherence length of optical waves propagating through the atmosphere. The path optical measurements were supported by AMK-03 acoustic weather station measurements. That made it possible to compare the local acoustic and optical measurements of turbulence with different optical meters.
LICHEN EXOMETABOLITES AS POSSIBLE PRECURSORS OF SECONDARY ORGANIC AEROSOLS
Authors: ТЕНТЮКОВ М.П. , БЕЛАН Б.Д. , СИМОНЕНКОВ Д.В. , ПАТОВ С.А. , МИХАЙЛОВ В.И. , СИМОНОВА Г.В. , ПЛЮСНИН С.Н. , БОБРОВ Ю.А.
Published: September 2024

Лишайники не только служат биологическим индикатором загрязнения атмосферы, но и сами влияют на ее химический состав. С помощью метода высокоэффективной жидкостной хроматографии в работе исследуются качественный состав экзометаболитов в талломах эпифитных лишайников . Сравнительный анализ фракционного состава осевшего аэрозольного вещества в водных смывах лишайников показал, что он характеризуется бимодальным типом распределения частиц. Постулируется, что появление мелкой фракции связано с формированием вторичных органических аэрозолей на поверхности эпифитных лишайников. Их прекурсорами выступают продукты фотоактивированных реакций между осевшим аэрозольным веществом и легколетучими органическими соединениями, поступающими на поверхность лишайников в результате эффлоресценции. Обсуждается механизм поступления вторичных органических аэрозолей в приземную атмосферу под воздействием радиометрического фотофореза.

Lichens are not only a bioindicator of air pollution, but they themselves, in turn, affect the chemical composition of the air. The results of studies of the qualitative composition of exometabolites in thalli of epiphytic lichens using the method of high-performance liquid chromatography are presented. A comparative analysis of the fractional composition of deposited aerosol matter in water washouts of lichens showed that it is characterized by a bimodal type of particle distribution. It is postulated that the appearance of the fine fraction is associated with the formation of secondary organic aerosols on the surface of epiphytic lichens. Their precursors are the products of photoactivated reactions between deposited aerosol matter and highly volatile organic compounds that arrive on the surface of lichens as a result of efflorescence. The mechanism of entry of secondary organic aerosols into the surface atmosphere under the influence of radiometric photophoresis is discussed.
EFFECT OF LASER BEAM AMPLITUDE PROFILE ON SECOND HARMONIC GENERATION EFFICIENCY
Authors: ТРОИЦКИЙ В.О.
Published: September 2024

Одной из наиболее актуальных задач прикладной нелинейной оптики является увеличение эффективности генерации гармоник лазерного излучения в нелинейных кристаллах. В данной работе теоретически исследуется процесс генерации второй гармоники (ГВГ) в сходящемся (сфокусированном в кристалл) лазерном пучке; оценивается влияние формы амплитудного профиля (ФАП) основного излучения (до линзы) на эффективность ГВГ и оптимальные значения параметров фокусировки и волновой расстройки. Полученные результаты показывают, что в зависимости от ФАП оптимальные значения параметров фокусировки, и особенно волновой расстройки, изменяются в весьма широких пределах. Демонстрирруется сильное влияние ФАП на величину эффективной апертурной длины - основного параметра, ограничивающего эффективность ГВГ. Доказывается, что оптимизация самой ФАП позволяет увеличить максимальную эффективность ГВГ не более чем на ~ 10%.

Efficiency of laser radiation harmonic generation in nonlinear crystals is among topical issues in applied nonlinear optics. This work theoretically studies the second harmonic generation (SHG) in a converging (focused into a crystal) laser beam. The influence of the amplitude profile (AP) of fundamental laser radiation beam (before a lens) on the SHG efficiency and on optimal focusing and wave detuning parameters is estimated for the first time. It is ascertained that the optimal values of focusing and especially wave detuning parameters vary in very wide ranges depending on the AP. Strong influence of the AP on the effective aperture length, which mainly limits the SHG efficiency, is shown. Optimization of the AP enables increasing the SHG efficiency by no more than ~ 10%.
Radiological Protection Management: software implementation in a hospital in south Brazil
Authors: HUHN ANDREA , GERUSA RIBEIRO  , SOUZA DAIANE CRISTINI BARBOSA DE , GUSMAO TIANA DE , MACEDO KASSIA ROSANGELA PAZ DE , DERECH RODRIGO D AGOSTINI , SANTOS BEATRIZ PATRÍCIA VIRISSIMO DOS , D’AMOREIRA MARIA ALICE P.
Published: September 2024

The exacerbated increase in the use of ionizing radiation to obtain images, and the risks and standards that exist to preserve the health of those who use it, are not properly taken into account when carrying out radiodiagnostic examinations. The professionals who work in these environments play a decisive role in the performance of their numerous activities within radiodiagnostic services, bearing in mind that any dose of radiation is associated with a probability of biological effects occurring, no matter how low that dose may be. Thus, the aim of building a software program was to optimize the work of the multiprofessional and interdisciplinary team in radiodiagnostic services, in the management of radiological protection. This is a methodological and quasi-experimental study carried out in a university hospital in southern Brazil, intentionally chosen because it has a Radiological Protection Committee. This research design was adopted for the development of technological production, in this case software for managing radiological protection. The study was carried out in the radiological protection sector of the radiology department of a university hospital in southern Brazil. The results showed that the software, called SisPRad - Management System for Radiological Protection, is a tool that helps the service's multi-professional and interdisciplinary team in terms of managing radiological protection. Finally, it aims to ensure the safety of professionals working in the service and its users, as well as reducing repetition of activities at management level, and can be adapted for other institutions. The computer registration number 512019002125-8 was obtained from the National Institute of Industrial Property for the first version of the software and the registration number 512023003116-0 for its second version.
Update to the Neonatal Early-Onset Sepsis Calculator Utilizing a Contemporary Cohort
Authors: Kuzniewicz Michael W. , Escobar Gabriel J. , Forquer Heather , Li Sherian , Shu Di , Kipnis Patricia , Fischer Allen , Puopolo Karen M.
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES

The Kaiser Permanente Neonatal Early-Onset Sepsis (EOS) Calculator has been an effective tool for risk stratification to safely reduce newborn antibiotic exposure. The calculator was derived from data on infants born between 1993 and 2007. Since that time, US obstetric practice has adopted universal antepartum screening for group B Streptococcus and intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis guidance has changed. Our objective was to update the EOS calculator using a contemporary birth cohort and determine the effect of these changes on EOS case ascertainment and antibiotic recommendations.

METHODS

The study included infants born at ≥35 weeks’ gestation at 14 hospitals between January 2010 and December 2020 (n = 412 595 infants, EOS cases = 113). Model coefficients were re-estimated and the point estimates of the likelihood ratios for clinical status used to calculate the posterior probability of EOS. We compared the number of EOS cases correctly identified by each model (sensitivity) and the proportion of infants for whom empirical antibiotics are recommended.

RESULTS

The original model had a sensitivity of 0.76 (95% confidence interval 0.63–0.85), while the updated model had a sensitivity of 0.80 (95% confidence interval 0.68–0.89), P = .15. The recommended empirical antibiotic use was 3.5% with the original model and 3.7% with the updated model, P < .0001. For each additional case identified by the updated model, an additional 158 infants would be treated with antibiotics.

CONCLUSIONS

Both the original and updated EOS calculators are effective tools for quantifying EOS risk among infants born at ≥35 weeks’ gestation.
Haemophilus influenzae Type b Vaccine Immunogenicity in American Indian/Alaska Native Infants
Authors: Jackson Bianca D. , Miernyk Karen , Steinberg Jonathan , Beaudry Jeanette , Christensen Loretta , Chukwuma Uzo , Clichee Demetria , Damon Shawnell , Farrenkopf Brooke Amara , Hurley Chloe , Luna Juan , Simons Brenna , Singleton Rosalyn , Thomas Mary , VanDeRiet Dan , Weatherholtz Robert , Zeger Scott , Zylstra Sarah , Keck James , Hammitt Laura L.
Published: September 2024

OBJECTIVES

American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) infants historically experienced a disproportionate burden of invasive Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) disease, especially early in life. PedvaxHIB vaccine is preferentially recommended for AI/AN infants because it elicits protective antibody levels postdose 1. Vaxelis, a hexavalent vaccine that contains the same Hib conjugate as PedvaxHIB but at lower concentration, is recommended for US children, but postdose 1 Hib immunogenicity data are needed to inform whether a preferential recommendation should be made for AI/AN infants.

METHODS

We conducted a phase IV randomized, open-label, noninferiority trial comparing postdose 1 immunogenicity of Vaxelis to PedvaxHIB in AI/AN infants. Participants were randomized to receive a primary series of PedvaxHIB or Vaxelis. Serum samples collected 30 days postdose 1 were tested for anti-Hib immunoglobulin G antibody by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The anti-Hib immunoglobulin G geometric mean concentration (GMC) ratio (Vaxelis/PedvaxHIB) was estimated by constrained longitudinal data analysis. Noninferiority was defined a priori as the lower bound of the 95% confidence interval (CI) of the GMC ratio ≥0.67.

RESULTS

A total of 327 of the 333 infants enrolled in the study were included in the per-protocol analysis. The postdose 1 anti-Hib GMC was 0.41 µg/mL (95% CI 0.33–0.52) in the Vaxelis group (n = 152) and 0.39 µg/mL (95% CI 0.31–0.50) in the PedvaxHIB group (n = 146). The constrained longitudinal data analysis GMC ratio was 1.03 (95% CI 0.76–1.39).

CONCLUSIONS

Postdose 1 immunogenicity of Vaxelis was noninferior to PedvaxHIB. Our findings support the use of Vaxelis in AI/AN children, a population with elevated risk of Hib disease.
FOTOTAXIS DE Frankliniella occidentalis (THYSANOPTERA: THRIPIDAE) A DIODOS EMISORES DE LUZ EN COLOMBIA
Authors: Peraza-Arias Andres Ricardo , González-López Carlos Alberto , Fonseca-Romero Karen Milena , Rey-González Rafael Ramón , Brochero Helena
Published: September 2024

Frankliniella occidentalis (Insecta: Thysanoptera) es una especie cosmopolita considerada plaga clave de cultivos ornamentales, hortícolas y frutales. Trampas de color con fuentes de luz artificial o proveniente del sol se utilizan para vigilar las poblaciones y manipular el comportamiento de los adultos como alternativa de control. En ensayos pareados con condiciones controladas, se evaluó la fototaxis de F. occidentalis a 21 combinaciones de longitudes de onda 397 nm (violeta), 462-463 nm (azul), 527-534 nm (verde), 589-595 nm (amarillo), 609 nm (naranja), 628 nm (rojo), y blanco (432-618 nm) utilizando diodos emisores de luz (LED) de bajo costo. Hembras de uno a dos días de emergencia y con cuatro a cinco horas de inanición, mostraron atracción y menor tiempo de respuesta a la combinación (violeta) y (amarillo) (FP= 14, FN= 1) con un tiempo de respuesta promedio de 2,763 ± 1,350 minutos (respuesta mínima a los 0,583 min y máxima de 4,417 minutos), comparado con combinaciones azul-verde, verde-violeta, amarillo-rojo, rojo-violeta. Los resultados contribuyen a procesos de estandarización para el diseño, implementación y uso de trampas de luz en sistemas de vigilancia y control de poblaciones colombianas de F. occidentalis en el contexto del manejo integrado de plagas.
NEW RECORD OF Phylliroe bucephala (GASTROPODA, NUDIBRANCHIA) IN THE EASTERN TROPICAL PACIFIC OF COLOMBIA
Authors: Jerez-Guerrero Mauricio , Rivera-Gómez Marisol , Valencia Bellineth , Giraldo Alan
Published: September 2024

Phylliroe bucephala is a nudibranch notable for having a laterally compressed body and a pelagic lifestyle. Although P. bucephala is widely distributed in tropical and subtropical waters of the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans, it has not been recorded in the Colombian Pacific. Here we report the presence of the species in the coastal zone of Nuquí and Pizarro, two localities of Chocó – Colombia, and describe the main characteristics of the specimens collected.
Determining the oxidation stability of SnSe under atmospheric exposure
Authors: Chin Jonathan R. , Gardner Bonnie G. , Frye Marshall B. , Liu Derrick S-H. , Marini Sebastian A. , Shallenberger Jeffrey , McDowell Matthew T. , Hilse Maria , Law Stephanie , Garten Lauren M.
Published: September 2024

Understanding surface stability becomes critical as 2D materials like SnSe are developed for piezoelectric and optical applications. SnSe thin films deposited by molecular beam epitaxy showed no structural changes after a two-year exposure to atmosphere, as confirmed by X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and reflectivity show a stable 3.5 nm surface oxide layer, indicating a self-arresting oxidative process. Resistivity measurements show an electrical response dominated by SnSe post-exposure. This work shows that SnSe films can be used in ambient conditions with minimal risk of long-term degradation, which is critical for the development of piezoelectric or photovoltaic devices.

Graphical Abstract
Pożyczki wewnętrzne Polski po I wojnie światowej
Authors: Zagóra-Jonszta Urszula
Published: September 2024

Cel: Celem artykułu jest krótka analiza pożyczek wewnętrznych, które zaciągało
państwo polskie w pierwszych powojennych latach swojego istnienia. Starano się
przedstawić charakter tych pożyczek oraz skuteczność ich ściągania. Metodyka:
Wykorzystano metodę analizy źródeł, analizy porównawczej oraz metodę opisu. Opierając
się na materiałach źródłowych, w tym drukach urzędowych, dokonano usystematyzowania
zaciąganych pożyczek. Metoda analizy porównawczej pozwoliła na poszukanie podobieństw i
różnic między nimi i w ich oddziaływaniu na gospodarkę. Prosta metoda opisu została
zastosowana w celu przedstawienia ich wielkości i charakterystyki. Wyniki: Ocena
znaczenia pożyczek wewnętrznych dla gospodarki do połowy lat 20. prowadzi do wniosku, że
największy społeczny odzew miała pożyczka „Asygnaty”, jednak rezultat wszystkich
wyraźnie osłabiała inflacja. Poza tym na początku społeczeństwo chętnie kupowało
obligacje, chcąc wspomóc odbudowującą się gospodarkę. W następnych latach jego
możliwości się wyczerpywały, inflacja rosła, a bogate sfery przemysłowe i ziemiańskie
niezbyt chętnie kupowały obligacje, uważając, że i tak muszą uiszczać rosnące podatki.
Implikacje i rekomendacje: Przy emitowaniu pożyczek rząd powinien brać pod uwagę stan
materialny polskiego społeczeństwa, inflację oraz fakt, że najbogatsi, mimo głośnych
deklaracji o patriotyzmie, nie byli chętni do nabywania obligacji. W większości więc
pożyczki te drenowały kieszenie pozostałej części społeczeństwa. Mimo planowanej
pożyczki przymusowej, nie zdecydowano się jednak na jej realizację, obawiając się
reakcji. Temat pożyczek wewnętrznych oczekuje na dokładne opracowanie.
Oryginalność/wartość: Istnieje niewiele prac, które fragmentarycznie opisują zaciąganie
pożyczek wewnętrznych, przy okazji szerzej podjętych badań nad finansami II RP. Tekst
ten przedstawia w ujęciu chronologicznym pożyczki, które państwo polskie zaciągało na
rynku wewnętrznym od odzyskania niepodległości do połowy lat 20. XX wieku, porządkując
informacje na ich temat w jednym artykule.
Employee Commitment and the Manager-Employee Relationship. An International Work
Environment Leadership Model
Authors: Grabowski Gabriel , Stefańska Magdalena
Published: September 2024

Aim: The primary objective of this article is to thoroughly explore the issue of
employee commitment within the context of the manager-employee relationship and
proposing a model of the process of preparing manager to build superior-subordinate
relation and form employee commitment in the organisation’s foreign branch. Methodology:
The qualitative method of research was implemented in the form of individual in-depth
interviews (IDIs) conducted with top managers of internationally operating
organisations. Results: Manager-employee relationships evolve. To make the process more
satisfactory for both sides, the Leader-Member Exchange (LMX) theory and Positive
Organizational Scholarship (POS) concept should be integrated in it. Both concepts are
inherently linked to employee management in the international environment. Furthermore,
LMX is evolving towards relational leader-member exchange (RLMX). The process of
adaptation to a new work environment is connected not only with the cultural, but also
personal characteristics of managers and their experience in operating in international
organizations. Cultural differences can significantly affect supervisor-superior
relation and employee commitment. Nevertheless, it also seems that universal virtues
such as respect and trust, shape the dynamism of the process, which consists of stages
described in the conceptual model. Implications and recommendations: To reduce or
actually minimise the impact of cultural factors on relations between managers and
employees, it is necessary to find the appropriate style of leadership and adjust it to
each individual. What makes the process successful is the recognition of local
employees’ needs as well as the implementation of positive motivation methods.
Originality/value: The article aims to contribute to the discourse on LMX and POS in the
context of leadership style in international work environment (IWE). Both approaches
should be studied in parallel to identify the key determinants of a manager’s success,
reaching beyond the cross-cultural dimension. Contrary to the models presented in the
literature, the proposed model is based on managers’ perception of the process of
adaptation to the host country’s culture.
Hybrid method for benchmarking the operating costs of Brazilian energy distributors
Authors: Azevedo de Oliveira Luís Filipe , Rodrigues de Almeida Mariana
Published: September 2024

Purpose: This study aims to propose a model for benchmarking evaluation, applied to the Brazilian regulatory system in establishing efficient operating costs for electricity distribution concessionaires.
Theoretical framework: The application of data envelopment analysis to the regulation of electrical energy distribution is discussed, elucidating how different regulatory models accompany this modality.
Methodology: The proposed methodology is based on a benchmarking evaluation model that integrates the associated use of Data Envelopment Analysis and Stochastic Frontier Analysis, through a methodology that establishes the evaluation of efficiency in Three Stages.
Findings: The results of the performance assessment were expressed in terms of management efficiency, in which the effects of the operational environment and statistical noise are controlled, resulting in a rigorous measure of efficiency, by introducing manageable and unmanageable variables into the calculation directly from efficiency.
Originality: The methodology allows to adjust operational costs, by levelling the operating environment of each electricity distribution concessionaire before repeating the DEA analysis, making the concessionaires' performance more coherent with the characteristics of the Brazilian market.
Keywords: Electricity Distribution; Efficient Operating Costs; Benchmarking; Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA); Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA).
Marzano, Annalisa. 2022. Plants, Politics and Empire in Ancient Rome. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 978-1-00912-195-8 hardback $120.
Authors: Fox Andrew
Published: September 2024

This is a review of Plants, Politics and Empire in Ancient Rome by Annalisa Marzano, published in 2022 by Cambridge University Press.
Genetic differentiation and heavy metal pollution influence on horseshoe crab Tachypleus gigas populations in Peninsular Malaysia: A comprehensive allozyme analysis
Authors: Yap Chee Kong , Al-Mutairi Khalid Awadh
Published: September 2024

This study aimed study the genetic diversity and differentiation of Asian horseshoe crab Tachypleus gigas (Müller, 1785) populations across three distinct locations in Peninsular Malaysia: Kampung Pasir Puteh (KPPuteh), Kuala Sungai Ayam (KSAyam), and Kampung Pulau Sayak (KPSayak). A total of 28 individuals were collected, and their genetic structure was analyzed using starch gel electrophoresis. The study employed multiple buffer systems optimized for separating 20 different enzymes, each contributing to understanding the genetic variability within and between populations. The findings of this study, which revealed significant genetic differentiation, particularly between populations in polluted and less impacted environments, as reflected by high FST values and distinct clustering in the UPGMA dendrogram, are of paramount importance. The results indicate that environmental factors, especially metal-polluted sites at KPPuteh and KSAyam, have played a critical role in shaping the genetic structure of these populations. Populations from the two polluted sites, exhibited higher genetic diversity and greater deviations from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium, suggesting localized selection pressures. Conversely, from a less polluted site, the unpolluted site at KPSayak population showed lower genetic variability and was genetically distinct from the others. These findings underscore the importance of considering environmental influences in conservation strategies for T. gigas, highlighting the need for site-specific management to preserve genetic diversity and ensure long-term survival of the species.
Investigation of the Effects of Oral Care Methods on Oral Health in Children with Asthma Using Inhalers: A Quasi-Experimental Trial
Authors: Can Büşra , Altundağ Sebahat
Published: September 2024

Objective: This study was conducted to determine the effects of tooth brushing, wiping the mouth with bicarbonate, and rinsing the mouth with water on the oral care of children with asthma using inhalers.

Methods: The study used a quasi-experimental quantitative research design with a pretest-posttest control group. The sample of 6-10-year-old asthmatic children was divided into the tooth brushing training group (n=49), the bicarbonate mouth wiping training group (n=49), the water rinsing training group (n=49), and the control group (n=49). Data were collected using a “Sociodemographic Information Form” and an “Oral Assessment Guide”. The oral assessment guide was re-administered 6 weeks after the children had received the education.

Results: The findings showed that the gums were better in the group applying the wiping the mouth with bicarbonate method (P=.046), swallowing complaints decreased in the group applying the rinsing the mouth with water method (P=.003), and mucous membranes were better in the group applying the wiping the mouth with bicarbonate method (P=.046).

Conclusion: As a result of the study, the method of rinsing the mouth with water was found to be more functional. Accordingly, it is recommended to rinse the mouth with water after using inhaler medication.
Romatolojik Hastalıkların Semptom Kontrolünde Masajın Etkisi: Sistematik Derleme
Authors: Akay Figen , Özkaraman Ayşe
Published: September 2024

Amaç: Masajın romatolojik hastalıklarda semptom kontrolüne yönelik etkisini değerlendirmektir.

Yöntemler: Araştırmaya CINAHL, Cochrane Library, ProQuest, PubMed, Science Direct, Web of Science ve ULAKBİM veri tabanlarında İngilizce ve Türkçe anahtar kelimeler kullanılarak, 2000- 2023 tarihleri arasında ulaşılan çalışmalar dahil edildi. Araştırma PRISMA-P kontrol listesi ve Cochrane Risk of Bias temel alınarak hazırlandı. Dahil edilme kriterleri; 18 yaş ve üzeri, romatolojik hastalığa bağlı semptom bildiren katılımcıları dahil eden, randomize kontrollü çalışma tasarımında olan, İngilizce ve Türkçe dilinde yayınlanmış çalışmalardır.

Bulgular: Araştırmada 3.704 çalışma incelendi ve dahil edilme kriterlerine uygun 16 randomize kontrollü çalışma saptandı. Yapılan masajın ağrı şiddeti, analjezik kullanımı, anksiyete, depresif durum, sabah tutukluğunu azalttığı, uyku kalitesi ve hareket açıklığını arttırdığı saptandı. Derlemeye dahil edilen bir araştırmada masajın uyku sorunlarını azaltmadığı, iki farklı çalışmada ise uzun vadede masajın semptom yönetiminde fayda sağlamadığı belirlendi.

Sonuç: Romatolojik hastalıkların semptom kontrolünde kullanılan masaja yönelik optimal bir süre ve teknik bulunmamakla birlikte, masaj sıklıkla osteoartrit ve fibromiyaljide kullanılmaktadır. Masaj uygulaması semptom kontrolü sağlayarak hastaların fizyolojik ve psikolojik iyilik halini arttırmaktadır. Bu nedenle semptom kontrolünde hemşirelik bakım uygulamalarında masaja yer verilmesi önerilmektedir.