bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Monoallelic Expression Determines Oncogenic Progression and Outcome in Benign and Malignant Brain Tumors
Authors: Walker Erin J. , Zhang Cindy , Castelo-Branco Pedro , Hawkins Cynthia , Wilson Wes , Zhukova Nataliya , Alon Noa , Novokmet Ana , Baskin Berivan , Ray Peter , Knobbe Christiane , Dirks Peter , Taylor Michael D. , Croul Sidney , Malkin David , Tabori Uri
Published: December 2011

Although monoallelic expression (MAE) is a frequent genomic event in normal tissues, its role in tumorigenesis remains unclear. Here we carried out single-nucleotide polymorphism arrays on DNA and RNA from a large cohort of pediatric and adult brain tumor tissues to determine the genome-wide rate of MAE, its role in specific cancer-related genes, and the clinical consequences of MAE in brain tumors. We also used targeted genotyping to examine the role of tumor-related genes in brain tumor development and specifically examined the clinical consequences of MAE at TP53 and IDH1. The genome-wide rate of tumor MAE was higher than in previously described normal tissue and increased with specific tumor grade. Oncogenes, but not tumor suppressors, exhibited significantly higher MAE in high-grade compared with low-grade tumors. This method identified nine novel genes highly associated with MAE. Within cancer-related genes, MAE was gene specific; hTERT was most significantly affected, with a higher frequency of MAE in adult and advanced tumors. Clinically, MAE at TP53 exists only in mutated tumors and increases with tumor aggressiveness. MAE toward the normal allele at IDH1 conferred worse survival even in IDH1 mutated tumors. Taken together, our findings suggest that MAE is tumor and gene specific, frequent in brain tumor subtypes, and may be associated with tumor progression/aggressiveness. Further exploration of MAE at relevant genes may contribute to better understanding of tumor development and determine survival in brain tumor patients. Cancer Res; 72(3); 636–44. ©2011 AACR.
Toward the Prognostic Significance and Therapeutic Potential of HER3 Receptor Tyrosine Kinase in Human Colon Cancer
Authors: Beji Abdelhamid , Horst David , Engel Jutta , Kirchner Thomas , Ullrich Axel
Published: December 2011

Purpose: Abnormal accumulation and dysregulation of the epidermal growth factor receptor family member HER3 is associated with the development of various human cancers including those of the breast, lung, and ovary. We have previously shown that in melanoma HER3 is frequently overexpressed and is associated with poor prognosis. However, the importance of HER3 in colon cancer and its putative prognostic significance is still unknown.

Experimental Design: HER3 expression was analyzed in primary colon tumors from 110 patients by immunohistochemistry and correlated with time of progression. Parallel to this, the influence of HER3 overexpression on cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis was investigated in four different colon cancer cell lines including DLD-1, LoVo, CaCO2, and T-84.

Results: HER3 was detected at high frequency and exclusively at the membrane of the primary tumors. Elevated HER3 expression levels may serve as a putative prognostic marker because it associates with cell proliferation and decreased time to disease progression. High HER3 protein expression as well as phosphorylation levels were detected in tested cells. HER3 downregulation by RNA interference abrogated cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. In addition, suppression of HER3 resulted in a G2–M cell-cycle arrest, induced apoptosis, and led to morphologic changes in colon cancer cell lines. Furthermore, application of a monoclonal antibody specific to the extracellular portion of the receptor reduced heregulin-β1–induced migration and invasion and also induced apoptosis in colon cancer cell lines.

Conclusion: We postulate that HER3 is critically involved in colon cancer progression and may serve as a novel target for therapeutic intervention. Clin Cancer Res; 18(4); 956–68. ©2011 AACR.
Oncogene Mutation Profiling of Pediatric Solid Tumors Reveals Significant Subsets of Embryonal Rhabdomyosarcoma and Neuroblastoma with Mutated Genes in Growth Signaling Pathways
Authors: Shukla Neerav , Ameur Nabahet , Yilmaz Ismail , Nafa Khedoudja , Lau Chyau-Yueh , Marchetti Angela , Borsu Laetitia , Barr Frederic G. , Ladanyi Marc
Published: December 2011

Purpose: In contrast to the numerous broad screens for oncogene mutations in adult cancers, few such screens have been conducted in pediatric solid tumors. To identify novel mutations and potential therapeutic targets in pediatric cancers, we conducted a high-throughput Sequenom-based analysis in large sets of several major pediatric solid cancers, including neuroblastoma, Ewing sarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), and desmoplastic small round cell tumor (DSRCT).

Experimental Design: We designed a highly multiplexed Sequenom-based assay to interrogate 275 recurrent mutations across 29 genes. Genomic DNA was extracted from 192 neuroblastoma, 75 Ewing sarcoma, 89 RMS, and 24 DSRCT samples. All mutations were verified by Sanger sequencing.

Results: Mutations were identified in 13% of neuroblastoma samples, 4% of Ewing sarcoma samples, 21.1% of RMS samples, and no DSRCT samples. ALK mutations were present in 10.4% of neuroblastoma samples. The remainder of neuroblastoma mutations involved the BRAF, RAS, and MAP2K1 genes and were absent in samples harboring ALK mutations. Mutations were more common in embryonal RMS (ERMS) samples (28.3%) than alveolar RMS (3.5%). In addition to previously identified RAS and FGFR4 mutations, we report for the first time PIK3CA and CTNNB1 (β-catenin) mutations in 5% and 3.3% of ERMS, respectively.

Conclusions: In ERMS, Ewing sarcoma, and neuroblastoma, we identified novel occurrences of several oncogene mutations recognized as drivers in other cancers. Overall, neuroblastoma and ERMS contain significant subsets of cases with nonoverlapping mutated genes in growth signaling pathways. Tumor profiling can identify a subset of pediatric solid tumor patients as candidates for kinase inhibitors or RAS-targeted therapies. Clin Cancer Res; 18(3); 748–57. ©2011 AACR.
Adaptation of Genotype 3 Hepatitis E Virus in Eastern China and Inverse Correlation with Genotype 4 Hepatitis E Virus
Authors: Si Fusheng , Yang Qian , Zhu Yumin , Dong Shijuan , Yu Ruisong , Shen Shiyuan , Li Zhen
Published: December 2011

We studied the distribution and development of hepatitis E virus (HEV) genotypes 3 and 4 in pig farms located within the Shanghai metropolitan area. A total of 1,487 swine fecal samples were collected from 39 pig farms during 2009–2010. The average incidence rates for genotype 3 and genotype 4 HEV were 10.6 and 9.3%, respectively. The frequencies of genotype 3 and genotype 4 HEV among the farms were inversely related (r = –0.7423), suggesting that the two genotypes competed within the environmental niche provided by the porcine host. In addition, all of the farms tested positive for both genotype 3 and genotype 4 HEV, indicating that the former is becoming more prevalent in the Shanghai area. The overall HEV incidence rate during 2009–2010 was 20%, which supports the existence of homeostasis within the porcine HEV reservoir.
Alcohol Use Disorders among Patients Examined in Emergency Departments after a Suicide Attempt
Authors: Lejoyeux Michel , Gastal Delphine , Bergeret Angela , Casalino Enrique , Lequen Valérie , Guillermet Simone
Published: December 2011

Aim of the Study: To assess the prevalence of alcohol use disorders (AUD) in a population of patients examined following attempted suicide and compare suicide attempts with and without AUD. Methods: 180 patients examined in an emergency department after a suicide attempt were compared with 180 controls paired for sex and age. All patients answered the CAGE and the Fagerström questionnaire. The DSM-IV-R criteria for alcohol, nicotine and cannabis abuse and dependence, as well as for borderline and antisocial personality, were checked. Results: The prevalence of AUD was 43% among suicide attempters. Suicide attempters with AUD were more often men (52 vs. 30%), living alone (64 vs. 31%) and older (35.9 vs. 32.3 years). They were more often dependent on nicotine (87 vs. 43%) and smoked more cannabis joints (1.4 vs. 0.5). They had taken alcohol before committing suicide more often (61 vs. 23%) and had more previous suicide attempts (2.5 vs. 0.9). Additionally, suicide attempters had higher scores of sensation seeking and presented more often with an antisocial or borderline personality. Conclusion: 43% of the patients examined after a suicide attempt presented with AUD. Emergency units may provide an opportunity to identify their dependence disorder and offer information and treatment.
Circulation
Editors' Picks: Most Read Articles in Cardiovascular Interventions
Authors:   The Editors
Published: December 2011

The following articles are being highlighted as part of
Circulation's
Topic Review series. This series will summarize the most important manuscripts, as selected by the editors, published in
Circulation
and the
Circulation
subspecialty journals. The studies included in this article represent the most read manuscripts published on the topic of cardiovascular interventions in 2009 and 2010.
The Perinatal Infection of Cytomegalovirus Is an Important Etiology for Biliary Atresia in China
Authors: Xu Yi , Yu Jiakang , Zhang Ruizhong , Yin Yingxian , Ye Jiawei , Tan Limei , Xia Huimin
Published: December 2011

Aims. The aims of this study were to detect the infection rates of DNA viruses in liver tissue of biliary atresia and to investigate the effect of perinatal infection of cytomegalovirus in biliary atresia. Methods. A total of 85 liver biopsies (taken during Kasai portoenterostomy) were tested by fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction for DNA viruses (herpes simplex virus [HSV], Epstein–Barr virus [EBV], varicella zoster virus [VZV], cytomegalovirus [HCMV], and adenovirus). Immunocytochemical detection of CMV-pp65 antigenemia assay was used to detect the presence of viral protein in liver samples. Human intrahepatic biliary epithelial cells was infected by the laboratory strain AD169 of HCMV in vitro. Results. Virus DNA was found in the biopsies (51/85 HCMV, 5/85 ADV, 3/85 EBV). The biopsies of 2 patients were tested positive for 2 viruses simultaneously. They include one case of HCMV in combination with ADV and one case of ASV in combination with EBV. CMV-pp65 antigenemia were distributed in hepatocyte, vascular endothelial cell, and biliary duct endothelial cell. The cytopathic effect and apoptosis were observed after HCMVAD169 infected human intrahepatic biliary epithelial cells at 6 days. Conclusion. Human intrahepatic biliary epithelial cell is the target cell of HCMV. The etiology of biliary atresia is probably multifactorial. The perinatal infection of HCMV is one of the important etiologies for biliary atresia in China.
Making Space for Informal Inquiry
Authors: Zuidema Leah A.
Published: December 2011

This study brings the concept of inquiry as stance to bear on current understandings of how inquiry occurs within online networks for teacher induction. The author presents a case study of an online network that allowed 36 new teachers to participate in informal, spontaneous conversations. Genre research is used to examine the on-network, off-network relationship of teachers’ inquiry activity. Using integrated analysis of the online messages and of interviews that focused on teachers’ contexts and actions, the author presents a holistic portrait of teachers’ participation in informal inquiries. The online discussions allowed novice teachers to collaboratively consider new possibilities and to individually develop and reconsider their frameworks for teaching secondary English. Inquiry mentors and researchers should recognize and make space for inquiry as stance by attending to ties between new teachers’ on- and off-list activities—to how teachers enact inquiry as stance within and beyond online spaces.
Talking ‘Bout My Generation’
Authors: Cheeseman Kelly Ann , Downey Ragan A.
Published: December 2011

Much of the literature regarding correctional officer job stress and job satisfaction has examined the roles of organizational and demographic variables. This study examined the relationships among generation, job stress, and job satisfaction of correctional officers in a southern prison system. Hierarchical multiple regression was used to assess the relative impact of demographic variables and generation on job stress and job satisfaction, as well as the impact that stress and satisfaction have on one another. Results indicate that generation membership and job stress significantly shape correctional officers’ perceptions regarding job satisfaction. Conversely, gender and job satisfaction significantly influence job stress. The authors recommend that further research on generational differences among correctional officers be undertaken to assess the overall impact that generation has on employee perceptions of correctional employment.
Drawing Lessons from Case Studies by Enhancing Comparability
Authors: Ruzzene Attilia
Published: December 2011

External validity is typically regarded as the downside of case study research by methodologists and social scientists; case studies, however, are often aimed at drawing lessons that are generalizable to new contexts. The gap between the generalizability potential of case studies and the research goals demands closer scrutiny. I suggest that the conclusion that case study research is weak in external validity follows from a set of assumptions that I term the “traditional view,” which are disputable at best. In this view, external validity is treated as a matter of mere representativeness. I argue that it is best understood instead as a problem of inference and that the emphasis should be placed on the comparability of the study rather than on the typicality of the case. By making case studies highly comparable, their external validity can be reliably and efficiently assessed and, in this way, their generalizability potential enhanced.
The Glass Ceiling Revisited
Authors: Caceres-Rodriguez Rick
Published: December 2011

Gender continues to shape organizational life in profound ways. Theorizing about gender in public institutions has been scarce. This article is an attempt to reinsert gender in our research agenda. First, macro-level theories of gender in organizations are discussed; then, the literature in public administration is surveyed. The author contends that the theory of representative bureaucracy provides a tremendous theoretical platform for understanding gender’s sociocultural forces as well as normative avenues and prospects for change. Such an approach will move us beyond description (i.e., lack of representation) to a better understanding of how gender is deployed and acquires signification in organizational life.
Hegemonic preservation or horizontal accountability: constitutional review in Turkey
Authors: Hazama Yasushi
Published: December 2011

Does constitutional review in emerging democracies tend to enhance horizontal accountability or to preserve state-elite hegemony? The results of a quantitative analysis of abstract constitutional review in Turkey during the 1984–2007 period show: (1) that the Constitutional Court was no more likely to accept unconstitutionality claims by state-elite parties than by non-state-elite parties; and (2) that the Constitutional Court was more likely to accept unconstitutionality claims of executive transgressions than those of state-principles violations. In sum, the findings largely point to the Constitutional Court’s preference for horizontal accountability over hegemonic preservation.
A simplified approach for flexural behavior of epoxy resin materials
Authors: Yekani Fard Masoud , Liu Yingtao , Chattopadhyay Aditi
Published: December 2011

A piecewise-linear parametric uniaxial tension and compression stress–strain model with a simplified post-peak response is developed to obtain the nonlinear load deflection response of epoxy resin materials which are considerably stronger in compression than tension. This model could be used to obtain flexural strength when the complete post-peak behavior of the material in tension and compression is not available. The tension and compression stress–strain curves are bilinear for pre-peak response followed by a constant flow stress in tension and a constant yield stress in compression in the post-peak response. The simulations and experiments reveal the suitability of this model for predicting the three-point bending and four-point bending response. This model gives an upper bound estimate for flexural over-strength factor.
Local action of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-6 on intracranial meningeal nociceptors
Authors: Zhang Xichun , Burstein Rami , Levy Dan
Published: December 2011

Background: Peripheral nociceptive action of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-6 has been implicated in the pathogenesis of numerous pain syndromes. An increase in the level of these cytokines in jugular venous blood has been reported during migraine attacks, suggesting their potential involvement in mediating the intracranial headache of migraine.

Methods: In this work we examined, using in vivo single-unit recording of meningeal nociceptors in the trigeminal ganglion of anesthetized rats, whether the peripheral actions of IL-1β and IL-6 can promote the activation and sensitization of nociceptors that innervate the intracranial meninges, two neural processes that are believed to play a key role in promoting the intracranial throbbing pain of migraine.

Results: We found that meningeal application of IL-1β leads to the activation and mechanical sensitization of about 70% and 45% of the nociceptors respectively. In contrast, IL-6 was a very poor modulator of meningeal nociceptors’ response properties affecting overall only about 20% of the nociceptors.

Conclusions: Our study provides for the first time in vivo electrophysiological evidence that meningeal action of IL-1β can promote the activation and increased mechanosensitivity of intracranial meningeal nociceptors and that IL-6 generally lacks these properties. Future studies are required to examine the mechanism that plays a role in mediating the nociceptive effects of IL-1β on meningeal nociceptors, which may serve as a target for migraine therapy.
The Three Dimensions of the Student–Teacher Relationship Scale
Authors: Solheim Elisabet , Berg-Nielsen Turid Suzanne , Wichstrøm Lars
Published: December 2011

The validity of the Student–Teacher Relationship Scale (STRS) was examined in a preschool community sample ( N = 925) using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Factorial invariance across genders was also investigated as was concurrent and discriminant validity. Indicators of validity were teacher-rated social competence, problem behavior, and mental health, as well as the children’s score on the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test. Results showed that the original three-dimensional model of the STRS was not satisfactorily confirmed. However, a slightly modified 25 items, 3-factor version of the STRS showed an acceptable fit. Model fit was acceptable for both boys and girls. The modified three-factor model evidenced good concurrent validity. The discriminant validity of the dependency versus the conflict subscale was somewhat unsatisfactory, mainly due to imperfections in the dependency subscale.
Trait Emotional Intelligence and the Big Five
Authors: Russo Paolo Maria , Mancini Giacomo , Trombini Elena , Baldaro Bruno , Mavroveli Stella , Petrides K. V.
Published: December 2011

Trait emotional intelligence (EI) is a constellation of emotion-related self-perceptions located at the lower levels of personality hierarchies. This article examines the validity of the Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire–Child Form and investigates its relationships with Big Five factors and cognitive ability. A total of 690 children (317 Males; M Age = 10.25 years; SD = 1.58 years) completed the TEIQue-CF, the Raven Progressive, Matrices and the Big Five Questionnaire; in addition, a subsample of 136 participants answered to Depression and Anxiety scales. Results evidenced that TEIQue-CF is a reliable measure of Trait EI that is partially determined by all of the Big Five factors but independent of cognitive ability. Trait EI predicts depression and anxiety scores over and above the five higher order personality dimensions.
The “New Eastern Europe”
Authors: Plokhy Serhii
Published: December 2011

More than twenty years after the fall of the Berlin Wall and the disintegration of the Soviet empire in Eastern Europe, the region is still grappling with the problem of its new identity and the choice of an appropriate name to reflect it. There has been considerable talk about a “return to Europe,” as well as the emergence of a “new Europe” and, as a consequence of the latter, the birth of a “new Eastern Europe.” Ukraine, Belarus, and Moldova are often viewed as the core of the “New Eastern Europe.” These countries have recently found themselves in a unique geopolitical position, sandwiched between the extended European Union in the west and Russia in the east. They had never been thought to constitute a distinct region and thus had no established group identity. This article explores the question of whether looking at the history of Ukraine, Belarus, and Moldova as that of one region can help us better understand its past and explain its current situation.
Continental and Maritime Empires in an Age of Global Commerce
Authors: Frank Alison
Published: December 2011

This article calls for the incorporation of Central Europe into the European and even the global history of the late imperial period through the investigation of the Habsburg Monarchy’s participation in global commerce. From 1719 until the empire’s dissolution in 1918, the Habsburg Monarchy strove to build up an informal empire based on maritime trade and the information it both engendered and required. The linchpin in this geography of imperial commerce—the point of connection between the continental empire and the rest of the world—was the port city of Trieste, on the empire’s Adriatic coastline. Thanks to Trieste and the ambition of its mercantile elite, the Habsburg Monarchy became not only a continental power, but also a maritime power. A cluster of politically and commercially engaged Habsburg subjects—consuls, merchants, engineers, bureaucrats—shared a vision of securing for the Habsburg Monarchy a global position that matched its dynasty’s prestige. Austria-Hungary’s ultimate inability to establish coercive economic relationships with non-European polities did not represent a rejection of the economic advantages or cultural privileges of imperialism, but a failed struggle to take advantage of them. From this perspective, the Habsburg Monarchy was a land caught not “between past and future,” as Robert Musil described it, but between terrestrial and maritime understandings of empire. Austria-Hungary could avow its lack of interest in formal colonial activity, but it could not escape the complications of a globalizing and colonizing age.
Numerical investigation into the mechanism of spike-type stall inception in an axial compressor rotor
Authors: Wu Y , Li Q , Zhang H , Chu W
Published: December 2011

Whole-passage simulations were conducted to simulate the stall inception process in a subsonic compressor rotor. The predicted results agreed well with available steady-state and time-resolving experimental data. The detailed flowfield analyses further demonstrated that the test rotor was of spike-type stall inception. The self-sustained unsteady cycle of tip separation vortex (TSV) was the underlying flow mechanism for the occurrence of the so-called ‘tip clearance spillage flow’ and ‘tip clearance backflow’. Furthermore, the correlation between the self-sustained cycles of TSV in the preceding and native passages was the flow mechanism for emergence of spike. For the test rotor, the distinctive flowfield feature during the development of spike was the involvement of ‘tip clearance back-spillage flow’.
Assessing the Readiness of Hospice Volunteers to Utilize Technology
Authors: Wittenberg-Lyles Elaine , Shaunfield Sara , Oliver Debra Parker , Demiris George , Schneider Greg
Published: December 2011

Although hospice volunteer programs contribute to patient care, little is known about their utilization and adaptation of technology. A survey was posted to the Hospice Volunteer Association Web site to assess technology use among volunteer coordinators and volunteers. Results revealed that participants have access to computers, Internet, and e-mail at the hospice agency and routinely use cellular phones and e-mail. Despite the use of technology, communication problems with volunteers hindered the coordinator’s ability to manage scheduling, training, and volunteer assignments for patient care. Coordinators and volunteers felt comfortable utilizing technology but were less comfortable using technology in the patients’ home. Several areas are identified for development and integration of advanced technology in volunteer programs. Future research is needed to ease technology implementation and increase volunteer acceptance.
Separate but Not Equal
Authors: Hinojosa Magda , Franceschet Susan
Published: December 2011

Chile altered its electoral rules for municipal elections in 2002. The new rules separated mayoral and council member elections, and while the latter continue to use proportional representation, mayors are now chosen based on plurality. These changes serve as a natural test of the effects of electoral rules on women’s political representation. The Chilean case demonstrates (1) that electoral reform is gendered, (2) that women’s representation is shaped by both formal and informal rules, and (3) that electoral rules have different effects on mayoral and council member positions, demonstrating that the “glass ceiling” for executive positions is harder to crack.
School Context and Educational Outcomes
Authors: Casciano Rebecca , Massey Douglas S.
Published: December 2011

In this study we draw on data from a quasi-experimental study to test whether moving into a subsidized housing development in an affluent suburb yields educational benefits to the children of residents, compared to the educations they would have received had they not moved into the development. Results suggest that resident children experienced a significant improvement in school quality compared with a comparison group of students whose parents also had applied for residence. Parents who were residents of the development also displayed higher levels of school involvement compared with the comparison group of nonresident parents, and their children were exposed to significantly lower levels of school disorder and violence within school and spent more time reading outside of school. Living in the development did not influence GPA directly, but it did indirectly increase GPA by increasing the time residents spent reading outside of school.
Measuring Consumers' Preferences for Metered Pricing of Services
Authors: Schlereth Christian , Skiera Bernd , Wolk Agnieszka
Published: December 2011

Metered pricing plans for services enable companies to increase their profits. Yet measuring consumer preferences for different forms of metered pricing is difficult, because metered prices simultaneously influence three consumer decisions: to purchase the service, to choose a particular pricing plan, and to use a particular quantity. These decisions strongly influence the number of customers that use the service, their usage, and profit. This article develops and validates augmented conjoint analysis methods that capture the interplay among these three decisions and allow for predicting the effects that different metered pricing plans have on consumer behavior and company’s profit. The empirical study reveals that the optimal two-part pricing plan yields 36–49% higher profits than optimal pay-per-use or flat rate pricing plans. Consumers' reactions to changes in metered pricing plans are very heterogeneous. The fixed fee of a two-part pricing plan strongly influences the number of subscribers but hardly influences their usage. In contrast, changes in marginal prices strongly affect consumers' usage but not their subscription. Data collected through ranking- and choice-based conjoint analysis yield comparable willingness-to-pay estimates and substantially outperform contingent valuation. Market researchers should also use pricing plan formats instead of usage formats to elicit the preferences for two-part pricing plans.
A Complementary Resource Bundle as an Antecedent of E-Channel Success in Small Retail Service Providers
Authors: Cho Yun Kyung , Menor Larry J.
Published: December 2011

This study proposes an e-service resource bundle (E-SRB) as an antecedent of electronic service channel (e-channel) success in small retail service providers. The E-SRB indicates a collection of three resources: e-market acuity, e-IT competence, and e-service agility. Given the interdependence of these three resources in delivering quality e-services, the authors hypothesize about their complementarity and its positive effect on performance. The results of this structural equation modeling using survey data show support for the proposed hypotheses, demonstrating that the E-SRB positively influences e-channel performance. The performance impact is not limited to perceived financial performance but extends to self-reported dollar-based sales and profits. These results have theoretical implications when it comes to linking e-service quality to financial performance. They also carry managerial implications for small-scale e-retailing, where limited resources can seriously impede the full use of the e-channel. One of these implications concerns what resources are necessary and how to allocate them in order to improve an e-service system. In the end, this study suggests that managers should understand the interrelationships that might exist among resources that collectively influence performance.
Public Health Impacts of Exposure to Carbon Monoxide From Gas Appliances in UK Homes – Are We Missing Something?
Authors: Tam C. W. , Bevan R. J. , Harrison P. T. C. , Youngs L. C. , Crump D.
Published: December 2011

Carbon monoxide (CO) is a colourless and odourless poisonous gas formed from the incomplete combustion of substances containing carbon. In the United Kingdom, over 22 million homes have mains or liquefied petroleum gas and consequently there is particular concern regarding potential CO poisoning resulting from malfunctioning domestic gas appliances. Although the number of reported cases of CO poisoning in the United Kingdom is relatively small, there is a high probability of misdiagnosis of the condition due to the ambiguous clinical symptoms of CO poisoning; incidence may therefore be much higher than currently reported. This review discusses the current knowledge on human health and toxicological effects following exposure to CO, focusing particularly on the public health impacts associated with gas appliances in UK homes. In determining the possibility of an underlying threat, the biological plausibility of misdiagnosis, in combination with reported cases, is discussed. The implication of misdiagnosis for public health treatment is also briefly summarised.
The Role of Nursing Activities on the Bioaerosol Production in Hospital Wards
Authors: Hathway E. A. , Noakes C. J. , Fletcher L. A. , Sleigh P. A. , Clifton I. , Elliott M. W.
Published: December 2011

Transport of infectious particles through the air has the potential to contaminate the indoor environment creating reservoirs of infectious material on surfaces. There is evidence that typical nursing activities can release large quantities of bacteria including MRSA into the hospital air, which may lead to surface contamination thereby increasing opportunities for further spread. Air sampling studies were conducted over a period of 5 days on a four-bed bay in a respiratory ward. Results showed that sampled bioaerosols are more likely to be carried on large particles >5 µm in diameter, and that the relationship between bioaerosols and particle size varies when respiratory interventions are in use. Increased activity in the hospital bay was shown to correlate to increased concentrations of bioaerosols whereas sedentary visitors did not. In particular, the occurrence of patient washing that occurred behind closed curtains correlated to large values of bioaerosol release. Floor cleaning generated large number of particles, but with no significant increase in sampled bioaerosols. This provides valuable information for understanding when and where bioaerosols are released on a hospital ward which may inform future research into physical segregation of patients and the definition of bioaerosol sources in computer simulations.
Patterns of Volatile Organic Compound Emissions in Building Structures
Authors: Glader Annika , Liljelind Ingrid
Published: December 2011

A new method for detecting hidden moisture damage was tested in a pilot study. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were sampled from within different building structures and the emission profiles were compared using principal component analysis (PCA). When all 60 samples were examined at the chemical group level (i.e. aldehydes, ketones, etc.), the samples separated into two major groups, representing concrete and wooden structures. Alcohols, terpenes, ketones, hydrocarbons, polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and a group of unidentified compounds were more strongly associated with structures in which the predominant construction material was concrete, than in structures mainly made of wood. For the 20 samples from wooden structures, 8 chemical groups were more abundant in those sampled in moisture-damaged buildings than in those sampled in the building with no known damage. These were terpenes, phenols, ketones, aldehydes, alcohols, furans, PAH and carboxylic acids. Emissions from moisture-damaged concrete structures were higher than from wooden ones but more chemical groups were emitted from moisture-damaged wooden structures. The results indicate that sampling and analyses of VOCs inside building structures, and using PCA for data analysis, are useful for finding chemical fingerprints for moisture damages but more data are needed to substantiate this.
Sol–gel coated B4C particles reinforced 2024 Al matrix composites
Authors: Mazahery A , Shabani M O
Published: December 2011

In this study, mechanical and wear properties of unreinforced 2024 Al alloy and composites with different vol.% of coated and uncoated boron carbide particles were experimentally investigated. It is seen that incorporation of hard particles to 2024 aluminium alloy contributes to the improvement of the mechanical properties and wear resistance of the base alloy to a great extent. Hard particles take part in resisting penetration, cutting, and grinding by the abrasive and protect the surface. It is noted that the increase in the weight fraction of B4C particles improves the wear resistance of the composites. Based on the weight loss data, composites with 30 vol.% B4C particles have the highest wear resistance among all the tested samples and unreinforced aluminium alloys give the lowest wear resistance. The results show that TiB2 coating of the B4C particles improved the mechanical properties. It is observed that the weight losses of the coated composites are less than those of the composites without coating.
Towards an object-relations theory of consumerism: The aesthetics of desire and the unfolding materiality of social life
Authors: Woodward Ian
Published: December 2011

This paper addresses some fundamental questions in the field of consumption studies through an exploration of literatures within object-relations psychoanalytic theory. It takes materiality as its central concern, dealing especially with questions of actor–commodity relations. In particular the paper uses the conceptual apparatus of the object-relations approach to propose a new way for theorizing aspects of consumption practice relating to person–object relationships. After situating the discussion within contemporary debates in consumption studies, the paper uses DW Winnicott's work as a point from which to integrate broader literatures on aesthetic experience and subject–object relations. The paper draws out the cultural implications and affinities of Winnicott's model and argues that his approach usefully suggests pathways for developing a model of consumption which neither reduces person–object exchanges to the psyche, assemblages of practices, or to the dead hand of social-structural forces. Rather, it is argued that Winnicott's model is suggestive of the more widespread and powerful cultural implications arising from relations between actors and objects of consumption.
Using Prolonged Exposure to Treat Abortion-Related Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Alcohol-Dependent Men
Authors: Baker Aisha , Morrison Jay A. , Coffey Scott F.
Published: December 2011

Men’s reactions to a partner’s abortion are an understudied area. Few studies have examined abortion as it relates to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in males, and no studies have examined the use of an empirically supported behavioral treatment for PTSD in this population. The current case study examines prolonged exposure (PE) for the treatment of abortion-related PTSD in a 46-year-old White male who also has alcohol dependence. The patient was involved in a residential substance abuse treatment program at the time of treatment. After receiving 12 sessions of PE, the patient experienced a decrease in PTSD symptoms as measured by the Clinician Administered PTSD Rating Scale (87%) and Impact of Event Scale–Revised (85%). The results of this study suggest that the literature supporting PE as a first-line treatment for PTSD can be expanded to include men needing treatment for abortion-related PTSD. Implications for treatment and research are discussed.
Surgical Subinguinal Approach to Varicocele Combined With Antegrade Intraoperative Sclerosis of Venous Vessels
Authors: Colpi Giovanni Maria , Carmignani Luca , Bozzini Giorgio , Picozzi Stefano
Published: December 2011

Varicocele is treated by different surgical techniques, none of which is yet acknowledged as the “gold standard.” Some of these techniques, especially microsurgical techniques, are very time consuming and thus expensive, and the treatment of varicocele still causes some complications and recurrences. Marmar and Kim’s technique presents some indisputable advantages: it allows the preservation of the arteries and seems to offer the highest percentage of success and lowest number of complications. The authors modified and simplified the microsurgical technique of Marmar and Kim, using a subinguinal approach with intraoperative antegrade sclerotherapy of dilated veins. After the cord has been clamped, 1.5 to 3 mL of 3% aetoxisclerol mixed with 0.5 mL of air is injected. Commonly, minor complications can occur. The most common complication is transient penile lymphangitis, the cause of which is unclear. As the procedure allows selective sparing of the lymphatic vessels, it avoids hydrocele due to the performed procedure.
An Original Endoluminal Magnetic Anastomotic Device Allowing Pure NOTES Transgastric and Transrectal Sigmoidectomy in a Porcine Model
Authors: Leroy Joël , Perretta Silvana , Diana Michele , Wall James , Lindner Veronique , Harrison Michael , Marescaux Jacques
Published: December 2011

Introduction. While experimental natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) sigmoid colectomies have been reported, pure NOTES anastomoses are restricted by the limited reach of commercially available circular staplers. MAGNAMOSIS is a set of self-orienting magnetic rings that can be delivered endoluminally throughout the colon to generate a compression anastomosis. Aim. To assess the feasibility of a pure NOTES transrectal (TR) and transgastric (TG) approach to perform any segmental colectomy. Materials and Methods. One pig (50 kg) underwent the experimental procedure as follows: ( a) creation of the TG access to the peritoneal cavity, ( b) precise transluminal placement of the proximal MAGNAMOSIS ring, ( c) creation of the TR access with the TEO and transrectal dissection of the sigmoid mesentery, ( d) resection of the surgical specimen, ( e) transrectal extraction of the specimen, ( f) delivery and mating of the distal MAGNAMOSIS ring, and ( g) closure of the TG and TR viscerotomies. The animal survived for 14 days at which time burst pressure and histology were performed. Results. A pure NOTES TR and TG segmental colectomy was performed in 139 minutes. The postoperative course was uneventful. The animal had a formed bowel movement including the magnetic rings on postoperative day 5. Endoscopic examination at postoperative day 14 revealed a patent anastomosis. Necropsy revealed no abscess or signs of peritonitis. Burst pressure was >198 mm Hg. The histology showed a sealed anastomosis with mild inflammation. Conclusions. MAGNAMOSIS enabled a totally NOTES partial colectomy with combined TG and TR access. The flexible delivery options and low cost of manufacturing could make MAGNAMOSIS an attractive alternative to circular staplers.
Evaluation of Soft Tissue Attachments to a Novel Intra-abdominal Prosthetic in a Rabbit Model
Authors: Dolce Charles J. , Keller Jennifer E. , Stefanidis Dimitrios , Walters K.Christian , Heath Jessica J. , Lincourt Amy L. , Norton H.James , Kercher Kent W. , Heniford B.Todd
Published: December 2011

Background. Laparoscopic ventral hernia repair requires placement of an intraperitoneal prosthetic. Composite mesh types have been developed to address the shortcomings of standard meshes. The authors evaluated the host reaction to intraperitoneal placement of a novel composite material. Materials and Methods. A comparison of an innovative polypropylene/polylactide composite mesh was made to Parietex Composite (PCO), Proceed, and DualMesh. Eighteen meshes per group were implanted on intact peritoneum in New Zealand White rabbits. The main outcome measures included the formation of visceral adhesions, adhesion tenacity, tensiometric measurements, and histological analysis. Evaluations of adhesions were made at 1, 4, and 16 weeks using a 2-mm minilaparoscopy. Results. There were no significant differences in the mean adhesion scores between the composite mesh types at week 1 ( P = .15) and week 16 ( P = .06). At 4 weeks, PCO had significantly fewer adhesions when compared with the other 3 mesh types ( P = .02). Adhesion tenacity was also equivalent within the group at 16 weeks ( P = .06). Tensiometry and histological analysis revealed no statistically significant differences between the mesh types. Conclusions. Four different composite mesh types had equivalent intra-abdominal soft tissue attachments in a rabbit model after a 16-week implantation period. PCO demonstrated the lowest mean adhesion score of each mesh type. Each mesh exhibited equivalent stiffness and energy to failure after explantation. The 4 composite mesh types demonstrated the successful formation of a neoperitoneum and comparable host biocompatibility as evidenced by similar degrees of inflammation.
Experiments in Documentary Animation: Anxious Borders, Speculative Media
Authors: Takahashi Tess
Published: December 2011

Animated documentaries like Julia Meltzer and David Thorne’s It’s Not My Memory of It: Three Recollected Documents (2003), Jackie Goss’s Stranger Comes To Town (2007), and Stephen Andrews’s The Quick and the Dead (2004) invite us to consider the larger implications of the intensified dislocation and movement of individuals and information over the past decade. Through these exemplary texts, this article examines a trend in experimental animated documentaries in which artists visibly and self-consciously investigate the current status of the ‘documentary guarantee’. How can current documentary establish truth claims in a context in which there is widespread cultural anxiety regarding visible movement in a world assumed to be uncertain, unstable, and precarious?
Preference, satisfaction and usability of subcutaneously administered methotrexate for rheumatoid arthritis or psoriatic arthritis: results of a postmarketing surveillance study with a high-concentration formulation
Authors: Striesow Frank , Brandt Andreas
Published: December 2011

Background/objectives: This postmarketing surveillance study assessed the preference, satisfaction, usability, and tolerability of subcutaneous self-administration of a high-concentration (50 mg/ml) ready-to-use formulation of methotrexate (MTX) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis or psoriatic arthritis.

Methods: The study enrolled 403 patients with rheumatoid or psoriatic arthritis. The first injection was administered by the attending physician or nurse, followed by five self-administered injections at weekly intervals. The high-concentration formulation consisted of a prefilled syringe with MTX 50 mg/ml solution and a pre-attached needle. Questionnaires were used to document outcomes.

Results: The overall assessment was ‘very good’ and ‘good’ in 87.6% of the patients and in 92.8% of the physicians/study nurses. Availability and use of a pre-attached needle was considered as very advantageous and advantageous by 91.8% of the patients and 88.8% of the physicians/study nurses. A total of 96% of the patients described the feeling of the injection as comfortable or tolerable. Patients reported that self-administration led to a feeling of more independence (89.1%) and an improved quality of life (83.6%). A total of 109 patients reported previous self-administration of low-concentration MTX formulations; 94.5% of them stated that they would prefer the high-concentration MTX formulation in the future. The formulation was generally well tolerated. Physicians’ expectations concerning the benefit of switching to MTX self-administration was met in 92.8% of the patients. A total of 96.3% of the patients were considered suitable for subcutaneous self-administration of the MTX formulation.

Conclusions: The 50 mg/ml prefilled syringe appears to be a valuable treatment option for patients with rheumatoid and psoriatic arthritis in need of MTX. This is supported by the strong appreciation of the patients as well as their attending healthcare professionals for its convenience and tolerability. The results confirm the findings and experience from a clinical study performed in Germany in 2009, which showed that 93% of the patients prefer the 50 mg/ml prefilled syringe with a pre-attached needle.
Attentional Control Buffers the Effect of Public-Speaking Anxiety on Performance
Authors: Jones Christopher R. , Fazio Russell H. , Vasey Michael W.
Published: December 2011

The authors explored dispositional differences in the ability to self-regulate attentional processes in the domain of public speaking. Participants first completed measures of speech anxiety and attentional control. In a second session, participants prepared and performed a short speech. Fear of public speaking negatively impacted performance only for those low in attentional control. Thus, attentional control appears to act as a buffer that facilitates successful self-regulation despite performance anxiety.