bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ANALISIS SEMIOTIKA KOMUNIKASI INTERPERSONAL AYAH DAN ANAK DALAM FILM MENCARI HILAL
Authors: Hafzotillah Hafzotillah
Published: June 2022

Abstract Communication is being important in daily lives in order to exchange messages. An example form of communication is an interpersonal communication, which is an exchange of messages in two-way direction between two or more people. A common use of communication media is Film. A film can convey a message through a variety of signs, for example through dialogue, and actors’ movements.This research used a qualitative descriptive approach with Roland Barthes semiotics method to analyse the interpersonal communication within a Film entitled Mencari Hilal. This film tells about the relationship between a father and his son and daughter. He has an unhealthy relationship with his son, meanwhile has a good relationship with his daughter. A father embrace Islam kaffah while his children Islam Secular. Using  Roland  Barthes  semiotics  method,  author  find  ten  scenes  which  have  signs  of  interpersonal communication  between  the  father  and  his  children.  In  each  scene  contains  different  denotations, connotations, and myth. Keywords: Movie interpersonal communications, semiotic AbstrakKomunikasi sangat penting dalam kegiatan sehari-hari. Komunikasi interpersonal adalah komunikasi yang terjadi dua arah atau secara timbal balik antara dua orang atau lebih. Penelitian ini bertujuan untukmengetahui bagaimana komunikasi interpersonal pada film mencari hilal dengan metode analisis semiotikaRoland Barnest kemudian dianalisis dengan metode naratif. Film mencari hilal menceritakan hubungan yang kurang baik antara orang tua dan anak laki-lakinya berbanding terbalik dengan anak perempuan yangselalu ingin berbakti dan melindungi sang ayah. Memiliki dua orang anak, seorang ayah yang kaffah dananak yang menganut islam sekuler.Pendekatan penelitian ini adalah kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif yakni merupakan metode yang dipakai untuk menggambarkan dan menjelaskan suatu fenomena-fenomena. Diera yang modern ini sudah banyak sekali berkembang ilmu pengetahuan salah satunya dalam penyampaian pesan. Media massa alat untuk menyampaikan pesan lebih cepat, film merupakan salah contoh dalam menyampaikan pesan melalui tanda- tanda dan dialog untuk menyampaikan aspirasi dan kritikan melalui karya.Peneliti menemukan sepuluh scene adegan yang mengandung unsur tanda-tanda komunikasi interpersonal antara oang tua dan anak kemudian dianalisis dengan metode semiotika Roland Barnest. Dari hasil penelitian ditemukan bahwa metapora makna denotasi konotasi dan mitos pada film mencari hilal terdapat perbedaan pada setiap scene   Kata Kunci: Film, komunikasi interpersonal, semiotika
DIGITAL SIGNAGE : MAKNA, STRATEGI PEMBUATAN PESAN, DAN IMPLEMENTASI OLEH DENTSU AGENCY
Authors: Ningrum Karina Pramita
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis article discusses the digital signage: meaning, message creating strategy and implementation by Dentsu Agency. The success of an advertising message in capturing the audience's attention and create awareness of one set of capabilities includes an advertising content in the audio and visual elements of the use of the media, this study aims to determine the stage of making understand the message of the use of digital signage medium that has limitations on audio elements that able to highlight the visual elements that still give th eaudience an understanding in accordance with the audio function. This study used a qualitative research method with descriptive explorative design, to explain the results of the interview and observation data analysis techniques used thematic analysis. The results showed limitations in representing by the agency of visual elements on the digital signage medium  in  capturing  the  attention  of  the  audience,  persuasive,  and  increase  awareness  of  the audience for a productor service through the medium. Production strategies under taken message includes three stages which includes the step of: 1) Pre-production, 2) production, and 3) Post- Production. Implementation of the medium is seen in the field of advertising (commercial) and some other fields related to the use of digital signage. Keywords:Digital Signage,Implementation of Digital Signage,Message Creating Strategy. AbstrakPenelitian ini membahas tentang digital signage: makna, strategi pembuatan pesan dan implementasi oleh Dentsu Agency. Keberhasilan sebuah pesan iklan dalam menangkap atensi dan menciptakan awareness audiens salah satunya ditentukan dari kemampuan sebuah konten iklan dalam menonjolkan unsur audio dan visual dari penggunaan media, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui memahami tahapan pembuatan pesan dari penggunaan medium digital signage yang memiliki keterbatasan pada unsur audio agar mampu menonjolkan unsur visual yang tetap memberikan pemahaman pada audiens sesuai dengan fungsi audio.  Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan desain deskriptif ekploratif, untuk menjelaskan hasil wawancara dan observasi digunakan teknik analisis data dengan analisa tematik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan keterbatasan agency dalam menunjukan unsur visual   pada   medium   digital   signage   dalam  menangkap   atensi   dari   audiens,   persuasif,   dan meningkatkan awareness audiens terhadap sebuah produk atau jasa melalui medium tersebut. Strategi produksi pesan yang dilakukan meliputi tiga tahapan  yang meliputi tahap : 1)  Pra produksi,  2) Produksi, dan 3) Pasca Produksi. Implementasi penggunaan medium ini dilihat dalam bidang periklanan  (komersial)  dan  beberapa  bidang  lainnya  yang  berkaitan  dengan  penggunaan  digital signage. Kata kunci : Digital Signage,Implementasi,Strategi Pembuatan Pesan.
WAYANG BEBER FABEL SEBAGAI MEDIA STORYTELLING UNTUK ANAK USIA DINI
Authors: Noegroho Jati
Published: June 2022

Abstract Wayang Beber is media education for kids. Before enter to Kindergarteen School. The kids are need instrument media for easly education process. Writer has give a solution , for creating Wayang Beber design . Wayang Beber design take a fabel story. Fabel story a duck was face to face  with the predator or eagle. The story have message morality about “feel regard for parents must to fertilize from beginning”. The goals is help teacher for description or folklore for PAUD Student. For help educator for suitable,   intereresting,   and easily in give education   with Wayang Beber Fabel. Keywords : Wayang Beber, teacher visuallitation, variaty in education Abstrak Wayang Beber sebagai media pembelajaran untuk anak-anak Anak Usia Dini (selanjutya disebut PAUD). Sebelum memasuki sekolah Taman kanak-kanak(selanjutnya disebut TK). Anak anak PAUD memerlukan alat atau media peraga untuk mempermudah dalam menyerap proses belajar. Penulis menawarkan sebuah solusi untuk membuat desain Wayang untuk anak-anak PAUD. Desain wayang PAUD mengambil cerita kisah Fabel atau cerita tentang binatang. Cerita tentang binatang unggas (bebek) berhadapan dengan pemangsa atau elang (Predator). Ada pesan moral di dalam ceritanya berupa “Rasa hormat kepada orangtua yang  harus dipupuk sedini mungkin” .Tujuan utamanya adalah membantu visualisai guru untuk menerangkan atau mendongeng untuk murid-murid PAUD . Membantu para pendidik untuk pelengkap dan sebagai media pembelajaran lain. Media pembelajaran yang   menarik dan atraktif dengan sebuah totonan Wayang Beber Fabel. Pertunjukan Wayang Beber Fabel dapat dijadikan alternatif untuk mengajar bagi guru pendidik di lingkungan PAUD. Agar lebih variatif dalam mengajar. Kata kunci : Wayang Beber, variatif dalam mengajar, visualisai guru
Meningkatkan Jiwa Leadership Siswa SMA Muhammadiyah 8 Ciputat dalam Manajemen Perencanaan Berwirausaha
Authors: Susilo Wardani Endang , Iqbal Khair Oki , Octovian Reza , Riana Harjayanti Diana , Tanius Nelwati
Published: June 2022

The main problem, which is commonly faced is the concerns in running an entrepreneur and the lack of leadership spirit that grows in the student environment. We try to motivate and provide counseling that the spirit of leadership needs to be grown and nurtured early on, especially in entrepreneurship.  Let us not be afraid to start but seize the opportunities that exist accompanied by strong intentions. Strong desire can be the driving force of our start in entrepreneurship Is expected by providing counseling to improve the Spirit of Leadership of Muhammadiyah 8 High School students. Ciputat in the management of entrepreneurship planning can foster the spirit of leadership as well as this becomes the expected external with the implementation of this PkM.
Factors affecting perioperative patient satisfaction with regional anesthesia: A patient-centered survey study
Authors: BORAN Ömer Faruk , GÜNAY Osman , GÜNAY Ali Eray , BORAN Maruf , BİLAL Bora , BAKACAK Murat , YAZAR Fatih Mehmet , DOLU Hasan , BOZAN Mehmet Bugra , BİRADLİ Hilal
Published: June 2022

Objective: To determine the demographic and clinical characteristics that affect patient satisfaction with regional anesthesia.

Methods: This study was conducted at Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University Hospital between June-July 2019. The patients were included on a voluntary basis and all had undergone obstetrics, urology, orthopedics, or general surgery, and met the following inclusion criteria: (1) age >18 years, (2) received regional anesthesia, (3) ASA-PS score of ≤ 3, and (4) no cognitive problem that would prevent self-expression. A Personal Information Form and the Evaluation of the Experience of Regional Anesthesia Questionnaire were applied to 402 patients at 48 hours after surgery performed under regional anesthesia in a university hospital in Turkey.

Results: The EVAN-LR total scores were 71.2±15.6 in obstetrics patients, followed by 54.9±24.9 in orthopedic patients, 26.6±24.4 in urology patients and 15.9±7.2 in general surgery patients (p
On the Border with the EU Countries: Life Strategies of the Youth of Kaliningrad and Grodno Regions: monograph
Authors:   Russian Academy of Science N.N.Mikluho-Maklay Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology, Martynova Marina , Hurko Aliaksandr
Published: June 2022

The monograph publishes the results of a study conducted jointly by scientists from Russia and Belarus with the support of two scientific foundations: the Russian Foundation for Basic Research and the Belarusian Foundation for Basic Research. The aim of the project was to carry out comparative studies and prolonged monitoring of the dynamics of the formation of life strategies of young people, including the views of the younger generation on personal and social self-determination, plans for education and profession, scenarios of demographic and family behavior, choice of residence and migration moods, the potential of value orientations and leisure activities in the conditions of interaction of different cultures on the borderlands. The main sources for the authors were the results of large-scale surveys of boys and girls on a single questionnaire for each region, carried out in 2012-2014 and in 2020-2022 in the Grodno region of the Republic of Belarus and the Kaliningrad region of the Russian Federation.
Using Wikipedia Assignments to Teach Critical Thinking and Scientific Writing in STEM Courses
Authors: Gareis Jolie A. L. , Larson Erin I. , Ardón Marcelo , Berges John A. , Brandt Jessica E. , Busch Kaitlyn M. , Chraibi Victoria L. S. , Gallagher Elizabeth N. , Hondula Kelly L. , Kincaid Dustin W. , Levine Todd D. , Little Chelsea J. , Nodine Emily R. , Rock Amber M. , Shogren Arial J. , Vanni Michael J.
Published: June 2022

While many instructors have reservations against Wikipedia use in academic settings, editing Wikipedia teaches students valuable writing, editing, and critical thinking skills. Wikipedia assignments align with the community of inquiry framework, which focuses on the elements needed for a successful online learning experience. We report on a faculty mentoring network, created by WikiProject Limnology and Oceanography, which helped 14 instructors with little to no prior experience implement a Wikipedia assignment in their classes. We found that Wikipedia assignments increase students’ motivation to produce high quality work and enhance their awareness of reliable scientific sources. Wikipedia assignments can be comparable to other writing assignments in length and complexity, but have a far wider audience than a traditional research paper. Participants in our mentoring network reported challenges with implementing this new type of assignment, and here, we share resources and solutions to those reported barriers.
Cytokine Concentrations in Aqueous Humor of Eyes With Circumscribed Choroidal Hemangioma
Authors: Liu Kailin , Guo Lili , Cheng Yong , Liang Jianhong
Published: June 2022

Purpose

Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) treatment are now widely used in patients with circumscribed choroidal hemangioma (CCH), however the concentrations of VEGF and other cytokines in CCH patients have not been known before. The study was conducted to compare various cytokine concentrations in the aqueous humor of eyes with CCH and control.

Methods

A total of 16 eyes of 16 patients with CCH, and 15 eyes of 15 patients with cataract as the control group were examined. Aqueous humor samples were assessed for 30 angiogenic and inflammatory cytokines by Luminex bead-based multiplex array.

Results

Significantly, compared with control group, higher concentrations of VEGF-A and IP-10 were found in the CCH patients (P = 0.002 and P < 0.001).

Conclusions

VEGF-A and IP-10 might be involved with the angiogenic and antiangiogenic process in CCH patients, which provides new insight into the pathophysiology of CCH and could be potential targets for treatment.
Architects of Pituitary Tumour Growth
Authors: Sabatino Maria Eugenia , Grondona Ezequiel , De Paul Ana Lucía
Published: June 2022

The pituitary is a master gland responsible for the modulation of critical endocrine functions. Pituitary neuroendocrine tumours (PitNETs) display a considerable prevalence of 1/1106, frequently observed as benign solid tumours. PitNETs still represent a cause of important morbidity, due to hormonal systemic deregulation, with surgical, radiological or chronic treatment required for illness management. The apparent scarceness, uncommon behaviour and molecular features of PitNETs have resulted in a relatively slow progress in depicting their pathogenesis. An appropriate interpretation of different phenotypes or cellular outcomes during tumour growth is desirable, since histopathological characterization still remains the main option for prognosis elucidation. Improved knowledge obtained in recent decades about pituitary tumorigenesis has revealed that this process involves several cellular routes in addition to proliferation and death, with its modulation depending on many signalling pathways rather than being the result of abnormalities of a unique proliferation pathway, as sometimes presented. PitNETs can display intrinsic heterogeneity and cell subpopulations with diverse biological, genetic and epigenetic particularities, including tumorigenic potential. Hence, to obtain a better understanding of PitNET growth new approaches are required and the systematization of the available data, with the role of cell death programs, autophagy, stem cells, cellular senescence, mitochondrial function, metabolic reprogramming still being emerging fields in pituitary research. We envisage that through the combination of molecular, genetic and epigenetic data, together with the improved morphological, biochemical, physiological and metabolically knowledge on pituitary neoplastic potential accumulated in recent decades, tumour classification schemes will become more accurate regarding tumour origin, behaviour and plausible clinical results.
Predicting Progression, Recurrence, and Survival in Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors: A Single Center Analysis of 174 Patients
Authors: Krogh Sara , Grønbæk Henning , Knudsen Anders Riegels , Kissmeyer-Nielsen Peter , Hummelshøj Nynne Emilie , Dam Gitte
Published: June 2022

Introduction

The European Neuroendocrine Tumor Society, ENETS, reports variables of prognostic significance in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNET). However, studies have short follow-ups, and the optimal treatment remains controversial. We aimed to determine overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS) after conservative treatment, and recurrence-free survival (RFS) after surgery and further to find predictors of aggressive PNET behavior to support treatment decisions.

Methods

174 patients with PNET treated at Aarhus University Hospital from 2011 to 2021 were included in a retrospective cohort study. Patients were divided into surgically resected (SUR, n=91) and medically or conservatively treated (MED, n=83). Variables were tested in univariate and multivariate survival analysis. Median follow-up time was 3.4 years in the MED group and 4.5 years in the SUR group.

Results

The 5-year OS was 95% and 65% for the SUR and MED groups, respectively. The 5-year RFS in the SUR group was 80% whereas the 5-year PFS in the MED group was 41%. Larger tumor size, Ki67 index, tumor grade, and stage were predictive of shorter OS, RFS, and PFS. Further, chromogranin A was a predictor of OS. Larger tumor size was associated with higher stage and grade. Only 1 of 28 patients with stage 1 disease and size ≤2 cm developed progression on a watch-and-wait strategy during a median follow-up of 36 months.

Conclusion

This study supported the ENETS staging and grading system to be useful to predict OS, PFS, and RFS in PNET. Further, our data support that small, localized, low-grade PNETS can be followed with active surveillance.
Identifying NOx Sources in Arequipa, Peru Using Nitrogen Isotopes in Particulate Nitrate
Authors: Michalski Greg , E. Larrea Valdivia Adriana , Olson Elizabeth , Welp Lisa , Fang Huan , Magara-Gomez Kento , Morales Paredes Lino , Reyes Larico Juan , Li Jianghanyang
Published: June 2022

We reported on the first time series of δ15N in aerosol nitrate from South America. Particulate matter less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) was collected at four sites located in Arequipa, a major city in southern Peru. The δ 15N values for nitrate in PM2.5 ranged from -1.7–15.9‰ and averaged 5.3 ± 3.0‰, with no significant difference between the four study sites and no discernable seasonal trend. These values are significantly higher than those in aerosol nitrate from southern hemisphere marine environments and those from the northern hemisphere. We explain the elevated values using an isotope mass balance mixing model that estimates a source NOx δ15N of -8 ± 3‰, derived mainly from anthropogenic sources (vehicles, industry). An isotope enabled 0-D photochemical box model was used to estimate the isotope enrichment of nitrate relative to NOx due to kinetic, equilibrium, and photolysis isotope effects occurring during NOx oxidation. This “source plus photochemistry” approach resulted in general agreement with the observations. This suggests that if the photochemistry effect can be accounted for, nitrate δ15N can be used to assess the relative importance of NOx sources and could be a new tool to validate NOx emission inventories.
Mixed Pine Forests in a Hotter and Drier World: The Great Resilience to Drought of Aleppo Pine Benefits It Over Other Coexisting Pine Species
Authors: Gazol Antonio , Oliva Jonàs , Valeriano Cristina , Colangelo Michele , Camarero Jesús Julio
Published: June 2022

Drought is an important driver of forest dynamics in the Mediterranean region. The forecasted increase in drought frequency and severity can notably influence tree growth, forest structure, composition and productivity. Understanding how coexisting tree species respond to drought is thus crucial to understand which are less vulnerable and will perform better in a warmer and drier world. To assess drought vulnerability, we used dendrochronology to study the radial growth trends and responses to a drought index of four pine species (Pinus halepensis, Pinus pinea, Pinus nigra, and Pinus sylvestris) coexisting in North-eastern Spain. We reconstructed the growth of each species and evaluated their short- and long-term growth response to drought for the common period 1980–2017. The growth of the four pine species depended on water availability and high early spring temperatures impacted the growth of P. nigra and P. sylvestris negatively. The occurrence of a severe drought between 2005 and 2007 lead to marked growth reductions in the four species, but it was greater in magnitude in P. pinea and P. halepensis in 2005, and in P. nigra in 2007. The results of basal area increment models at the individual tree level suggested that P. halepensis trees grow more than the rest of species. After accounting for age and drought effects, P. nigra and P. sylvestris displayed negative growth trends in the 2008–2017 period while P. pinea and P. halepensis displayed positive growth trends. P. sylvestris was the most resistant species and P. pinea the less resistant. Conversely, P. halepensis and P. pinea were slightly more resilient than P. sylvestris. Moreover, P. sylvestris was the species displaying the highest autocorrelation and the lowest coefficient of variation in ring-width indices. A marked drop in the autocorrelation of P. pinea ring-width index was observed in response to the 2005 drought. These results indicate that all study species are vulnerable to drought but in different degrees. The strong resilience capacity of P. halepensis suggests that it will better thrive in a drier future, but mixed pine forests, such as the one here studied, may contract or become rare due to the strong sensitivity of P. pinea to drought and the lower post-drought performance of P. nigra and P. sylvestris.
Genetics of Inherited Retinal Diseases in Understudied Ethnic Groups in Italian Hospitals
Authors: Maltese Paolo Enrico , Colombo Leonardo , Martella Salvatore , Rossetti Luca , El Shamieh Said , Sinibaldi Lorenzo , Passarelli Chiara , Coppè Andrea Maria , Buzzonetti Luca , Falsini Benedetto , Chiurazzi Pietro , Placidi Giorgio , Tanzi Benedetta , Bertelli Matteo , Iarossi Giancarlo
Published: June 2022

Purpose: Describing the clinical and genetic features of an ethnically heterogeneous group of (inherited retinal diseases) IRD patients from different underrepresented countries, referring to specialized Italian Hospitals, and expanding the epidemiological spectrum of the IRD in understudied populations.

Methods: The patients’ phenotypes underwent were characterized by exhaustive ophthalmological examinations, including morpho-functional testing. Genetic testing was performed using next-generation sequencing (NGS) and gene sequencing panels targeting a specific set of genes, Sanger sequencing and—when necessary—multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) to better identify the genotype. When possible, segregation analysis was performed in order to confirm unsolved cases.

Results: The article reports the results of the phenotypes and genotypes of 123 IRD probands, 69 males and 54 females, mean age 41 (IQR, 54–30) years, disease onset at 13 (IQR, 27.25–5) years. Thirty-three patients out of 123 (26.8%) were Africans (North/Northwest Africa), 21 (17.1%) Asians, 19 (15.4%) Americans (South/Central America) and 50 (40.7%) Europeans (Eastern Europe). Retinitis pigmentosa was the most represented phenotype (56%), followed by cone dystrophy (11%) and Leber congenital amaurosis (7%), while ABCA4 was the most frequently mutated gene (18%), followed by USH2A (9%) and RPGR (5%). About ABCA4 variants found in Stargardt disease, macular and cone dystrophies were predominant in Asian (42%) and European (21%) patients. The most represented inheritance pattern was autosomal recessive, while a higher frequency of homozygous patients versus compound heterozygotes as compared to previous studies on Italian IRD patients was evidenced, reflecting a possible higher frequency of inbreeding marriages.

Conclusion: Though limited by the relatively low number of patients, the present paper paints a picture of the clinical and genetic features of IRD patients from understudied ethnic groups referred to Italian specialized hospitals and extended the epidemiological studies on underrepresented world regional areas.
Characterization of Platelet Function-Related Gene Predicting Survival and Immunotherapy Efficacy in Gastric Cancer
Authors: Xia Yan , Lin Xin , Cheng Yangyang , Xu Huimin , Zeng Jingya , Xie Wanlin , Wang Mingzhu , Sun Yihua
Published: June 2022

Immunotherapy is widely used to treat various cancers, but patients with gastric cancer (GC), which has a high mortality rate, benefit relatively less from this therapy. Platelets are closely related to GC progression and metastasis. This study aimed to find novel potential biomarkers related to platelet function to predict GC and immunotherapy efficacy. First, based on platelet activation, signaling, and aggregation (abbreviation: function)-related genes (PFRGs), we used the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (Lasso) regression method to construct a platelet-function-related genes prognostic score (PFRGPS). PRFGPS was verified in three independent external datasets (GSE26901, GSE15459, and GSE84437) for its robustness and strong prediction performance. Our results demonstrate that PRFGPS is an independent prognostic indicator for predicting overall survival in patients with GC. In addition, prognosis, potential pathogenesis mechanisms, and the response to immunotherapy were defined via gene set enrichment analysis, tumor mutational burden, tumor microenvironment, tumor immune dysfunction and exclusion (TIDE), microsatellite instability, and immune checkpoint inhibitors. We found that the high-PRFGPS subgroup had a cancer-friendly immune microenvironment, a high TIDE score, a low tumor mutational burden, and relatively low microsatellite instability. In the immunophenoscore model, the therapeutic effect on anti-PD-1 and anti-CTLA-4 in the high-PRFGPS subgroup was relatively low. In conclusion, PRFGPS could be used as a reference index for GC prognosis to develop more successful immunotherapy strategies.
JunB Is Critical for Survival of T Helper Cells
Authors: Hsieh Tsunghan , Sasaki Daiki , Taira Naoyuki , Chien Hsiaochiao , Sarkar Shukla , Seto Yu , Miyagi Mio , Ishikawa Hiroki
Published: June 2022

Clonal expansion and differentiation of various T helper subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, depend on a complex of transcription factors, IRF4 and a BATF-containing AP-1 heterodimer. A major BATF heterodimeric partner, JunB, regulates Th17 differentiation, but the role of JunB in other T helper subsets is not well understood. Here we demonstrate that JunB is required for clonal expansion of Th1, Th2 and Th17 cells. In mice immunized with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), papain, or complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA), which induce predominantly Th1, Th2 and Th17 cells, respectively, accumulation of antigen-primed, Junb-deficient CD4+ T cells is significantly impaired. TCR-stimulated Junb-deficient CD4+ T cells are more sensitive to apoptosis, although they showed largely normal proliferation and cellular metabolism. JunB directly inhibits expression of genes involved in apoptosis, including Bcl2l11 (encoding Bim), by promoting IRF4 DNA binding at the gene locus. Taken together, JunB serves a critical function in clonal expansion of diverse T helper cells by inhibiting their apoptosis.
Probiotics Surface-Delivering Fiber2 Protein of Fowl Adenovirus 4 Stimulate Protective Immunity Against Hepatitis-Hydropericardium Syndrome in Chickens
Authors: Jia Zhipeng , Pan Xinghui , Zhi Wenjing , Chen Hang , Bai Bingrong , Ma Chunli , Ma Dexing
Published: June 2022

Background and Objectives

Hepatitis-hydropericardium syndrome (HHS) caused by Fowl adenoviruses serotype 4 (FAdV-4) leads to severe economic losses to the poultry industry. Although various vaccines are available, vaccines that effectively stimulate intestinal mucosal immunity are still deficient. In the present study, novel probiotics that surface-deliver Fiber2 protein, the major virulence determiner and efficient immunogen for FAdV-4, were explored to prevent this fecal–oral-transmitted virus, and the induced protective immunity was evaluated after oral immunization.

Methods

The probiotic Enterococcus faecalis strain MDXEF-1 and Lactococcus lactis NZ9000 were used as host strains to deliver surface-anchoring Fiber2 protein of FAdV-4. Then the constructed live recombinant bacteria were orally vaccinated thrice with chickens at intervals of 2 weeks. Following each immunization, immunoglobulin G (IgG) in sera, secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) in jejunum lavage, immune-related cytokines, and T-cell proliferation were detected. Following challenge with the highly virulent FAdV-4, the protective effects of the probiotics surface-delivering Fiber2 protein were evaluated by verifying inflammatory factors, viral load, liver function, and survival rate.

Results

The results demonstrated that probiotics surface-delivering Fiber2 protein stimulated humoral and intestinal mucosal immune responses in chickens, shown by high levels of sIgA and IgG antibodies, substantial rise in mRNA levels of cytokines, increased proliferative ability of T cells in peripheral blood, improved liver function, and reduced viral load in liver. Accordingly, adequate protection against homologous challenges and a significant increase in the overall survival rate were observed. Notably, chickens orally immunized with E. faecalis/DCpep-Fiber2-CWA were completely protected from the FAdV-4 challenge, which is better than L. lactis/DCpep-Fiber2-CWA.

Conclusion

The recombinant probiotics surface-expressing Fiber2 protein could evoke remarkable humoral and cellular immune responses, relieve injury, and functionally damage target organs. The current study indicates a promising method used for preventing FAdV-4 infection in chickens.
Surface Display of Peptides Corresponding to the Heptad Repeat 2 Domain of the Feline Enteric Coronavirus Spike Protein on Bacillus subtilis Spores Elicits Protective Immune Responses Against Homologous Infection in a Feline Aminopeptidase-N-Transduced Mouse Model
Authors: Chen Chu , Li Ya-Li , Lv Fang-Li , Xu Ling-Dong , Huang Yao-Wei
Published: June 2022

Although feline coronavirus (FCoV) infection is extremely common in cats, there are currently few effective treatments. A peptide derived from the heptad repeat 2 (HR2) domain of the coronavirus (CoV) spike protein has shown effective for inhibition of various human and animal CoVs in vitro, but further use of FCoV-HR2 in vivo has been limited by lack of practical delivery vectors and small animal infection model. To overcome these technical challenges, we first constructed a recombinant Bacillus subtilis (rBSCotB-HR2P) expressing spore coat protein B (CotB) fused to an HR2-derived peptide (HR2P) from a serotype II feline enteric CoV (FECV). Immunogenic capacity was evaluated in mice after intragastric or intranasal administration, showing that recombinant spores could trigger strong specific cellular and humoral immune responses. Furthermore, we developed a novel mouse model for FECV infection by transduction with its primary receptor (feline aminopeptidase N) using an E1/E3-deleted adenovirus type 5 vector. This model can be used to study the antiviral immune response and evaluate vaccines or drugs, and is an applicable choice to replace cats for the study of FECV. Oral administration of rBSCotB-HR2P in this mouse model effectively protected against FECV challenge and significantly reduced pathology in the digestive tract. Owing to its safety, low cost, and probiotic features, rBSCotB-HR2P is a promising oral vaccine candidate for use against FECV/FCoV infection in cats.
Immunoinformatics- and Bioinformatics-Assisted Computational Designing of a Novel Multiepitopes Vaccine Against Cancer-Causing Merkel Cell Polyomavirus
Authors: Almansour Nahlah Makki
Published: June 2022

Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCV) contains double-stranded DNA as its genome and is the fifth polyomavirus that infects humans. The virus causes Merkel cell carcinoma (aggressive skin cancer). Till present, no proper drug or vaccines are available to treat/prevent the virus infection and stop the emergence of Merkel cell carcinoma. In this study, computational vaccine design strategies were applied to design a chimeric-epitopes vaccine against the virus. The complete proteome comprised of four proteins was filtered through various vaccine candidacy parameters and as such two proteins, namely, capsid protein VP1 and capsid protein VP2, were considered as good vaccine targets. Furthermore, they harbor safe and potential B and T cell epitopes, which can be used in a chimeric multiepitopes-based vaccine design. The epitopes of the vaccine have maximum world population coverage of 95.04%. The designed vaccine structure was modeled in 3D that reported maximum residues in favored regions (95.7%) of the Ramachandran plot. The interactions analysis with different human immune receptors like TLR3, MHC-I, and MHC-II illustrated vaccine's good binding affinity and stable dynamics. The structural deviations of the vaccine receptor(s) complexes are within 5 Å, where majority of the receptors residues remain in good equilibrium in the simulation time. Also, the vaccine was found to form between 60 and 100 hydrogen bonds to receptors. The vaccine stimulated strong immune responses in addition to interferon and cytokines. The strength of vaccine-receptor(s) binding was further affirmed by binding energies estimation that concluded <-150.32 kcal/mol of net binding energy. All these findings suggest the vaccine as a promising candidate that needs further experimental testing to disclose its real immune protective efficacy. Furthermore, the designed vaccine might accelerate vaccine development against the MCV and could save time and expenses.
Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction and Alzheimer’s Disease: A Transcriptome-Based Comparison of Animal Models
Authors: Wang Yi-Wei , Wang Liang , Yuan Sheng-Jie , Zhang Yuan , Zhang Xin , Zhou Le-Ting
Published: June 2022

Background

Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a common complication characterized by a significant cognitive decline. Increasing evidence suggests an association between the pathogenesis of POCD and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, a comprehensive understanding of their relationships is still lacking.

Methods

First, related databases were obtained from GEO, ArrayExpress, CNGB, and DDBJ repositories. De novo analysis was performed on the raw data using a uniform bioinformatics workflow. Then, macro- and micro-level comparisons were conducted between the transcriptomic changes associated with AD and POCD. Lastly, POCD was induced in male C57BL/6j mice and the hippocampal expression levels of mRNAs of interest were verified by PCR and compared to those in AD congenic models.

Results

There was a very weak correlation in the fold-changes in protein-coding transcripts between AD and POCD. Overall pathway-level comparison suggested that AD and POCD are two disease entities. Consistently, in the classical AD pathway, the mitochondrial complex and tubulin mRNAs were downregulated in both the POCD hippocampus and cortex. POCD and AD hippocampi might share the same pathways, such as tryptophan metabolism, but undergo different pathological changes in phagosome and transferrin endocytosis pathways. The core cluster in the hippocampal network was mainly enriched in mitosis-related pathways. The hippocampal expression levels of genes of interest detected by PCR showed good consistency with those generated by high throughput platforms.

Conclusion

POCD and AD are associated with different transcriptomic changes despite their similar clinical manifestations. This study provides a valuable resource for identifying biomarkers and therapeutic targets for POCD.
The Degree Centrality and Functional Connectivity in Patients With Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Presenting as Ictal Panic: A Resting State fMRI Study
Authors: Chang Weiwei , Liu Jinping , Nie Liluo , Pang Xiaomin , Lv Zongxia , Zheng Jinou
Published: June 2022

Objectives

Ictal panic (IP) can be observed occasionally in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Such descriptions can be found in previous studies, but the mechanism is still not clear and often confused with panic attacks in patients with panic disorder (PD). We try to use imaging methods (resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging, rs-fMRI) to study the mechanism of this psychiatric comorbidity in patients with TLE.

Methods

Forty right-onset TLE patients were observed, including 28 patients with TLE but without IP and 12 patients with TLEIP along with 30 gender-age matched healthy controls were included. We collected clinical/physiological/neuropsychological and rs-fMRI data. Degree centrality (DC) and functional connectivity (FC) were calculated. For the DC and FC values, analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to find different areas and t-tests were used to compare differences between the TLEIP, TLE without IP, and healthy control(HC)groups. The relationship between brain abnormalities and patient characteristics was explored by correlation analyses.

Results

No significant differences in gender and age were found among the three groups, and no significant differences in education level, Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MOCA), Hamilton Depressive Scale (HAMD), Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA), and epilepsy duration (years) between the TLEIP and TLE without IP groups. In addition to fear, other symptoms were observed, including nausea, palpitations, rising epigastric sensation, and dyspnea. There was no correlation between the duration of IP and HAMA. Moreover, all IP durations were <2 min. Compared to the HCs and TLE without IP group, the DC value of the TLEIP group in the left middle temporal gyrus (LMTG) was significantly increased. Compared to the HCs, FC could be found between the LMTG and left inferior temporal gyrus (LITG) in the TLEIP group. In addition, there was FC between the LMTG and cerebellum in the TLEIP group. The difference in the magnitude of FC between the TLEIP vs. HC group was greater than the difference between the TLE vs. HC group.

Conclusions

This study describes brain abnormalities in patients with TLEIP. These results will help to preliminarily understand the mechanism of ictal panic and abnormal functional connection in patients with TLE, and further explore the neuroimaging mechanism of ictal panic in patients with TLE.
Development of a Score to Predict the Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation in Stroke Patients: The Screening for Atrial Fibrillation Scale
Authors: Amaya Pascasio Laura , Quesada López Miguel , García-Torrecillas Juan Manuel , Arjona-Padillo Antonio , Martínez Sánchez Patricia
Published: June 2022

Background and Purpose

An individual selection of ischemic stroke patients at higher risk of atrial fibrillation (AF) might increase the diagnostic yield of prolonged cardiac monitoring and render it cost-effective.

Methods

The clinical, laboratory, and brain/cardiac imaging characteristics of consecutive ischemic stroke patients without documented AF were recorded. All patients underwent at least 72 h of cardiac monitoring unless AF was diagnosed before, transthoracic echocardiogram, blood biomarkers, and intracranial vessels imaging. A predictive grading was developed by logistic regression analysis, the screening for atrial fibrillation scale (SAFE).

Results

A total of 460 stroke patients were analyzed to develop the SAFE scale, a 7-items score (possible total score 0–10): age ≥ 65 years (2 points); history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or obstructive sleep apnea (1 point); thyroid disease (1 point); NT-proBNP ≥ 250 pg/ml (2 points); left atrial enlargement (2 points); cortical topography of stroke, including hemispheric or cerebellar cortex (1 point); and intracranial large vessel occlusion (1 point). A score = 5 identified patients with paroxysmal AF with a sensitivity of 83% and a specificity of 80%.

Conclusion

Screening for atrial fibrillation scale (SAFE) is a novel and simple strategy for selecting ischemic stroke patients at higher risk of having AF who can benefit from a more thorough etiological evaluation. External validation of SAFE in a multicenter study, with a larger number of patients, is warranted.
Advantages, Pitfalls, and Developments of All Optical Interrogation Strategies of Microcircuits in vivo
Authors: Papaioannou Stylianos , Medini Paolo
Published: June 2022

The holy grail for every neurophysiologist is to conclude a causal relationship between an elementary behaviour and the function of a specific brain area or circuit. Our effort to map elementary behaviours to specific brain loci and to further manipulate neural activity while observing the alterations in behaviour is in essence the goal for neuroscientists. Recent advancements in the area of experimental brain imaging in the form of longer wavelength near infrared (NIR) pulsed lasers with the development of highly efficient optogenetic actuators and reporters of neural activity, has endowed us with unprecedented resolution in spatiotemporal precision both in imaging neural activity as well as manipulating it with multiphoton microscopy. This readily available toolbox has introduced a so called all-optical physiology and interrogation of circuits and has opened new horizons when it comes to precisely, fast and non-invasively map and manipulate anatomically, molecularly or functionally identified mesoscopic brain circuits. The purpose of this review is to describe the advantages and possible pitfalls of all-optical approaches in system neuroscience, where by all-optical we mean use of multiphoton microscopy to image the functional response of neuron(s) in the network so to attain flexible choice of the cells to be also optogenetically photostimulated by holography, in absence of electrophysiology. Spatio-temporal constraints will be compared toward the classical reference of electrophysiology methods. When appropriate, in relation to current limitations of current optical approaches, we will make reference to latest works aimed to overcome these limitations, in order to highlight the most recent developments. We will also provide examples of types of experiments uniquely approachable all-optically. Finally, although mechanically non-invasive, all-optical electrophysiology exhibits potential off-target effects which can ambiguate and complicate the interpretation of the results. In summary, this review is an effort to exemplify how an all-optical experiment can be designed, conducted and interpreted from the point of view of the integrative neurophysiologist.
Contributory Factors for Teen Insomnia Symptoms: A Prospective Cohort Study in Sweden
Authors: Hedin Gita , Norell-Clarke Annika , Tønnesen Hanne , Westergren Albert , Garmy Pernilla
Published: June 2022

Objectives

Insufficient sleep is a public health problem that impacts the mental and physical health of children and adolescents. Complaints of insomnia are particularly pervasive among adolescents. This longitudinal study investigates factors that contribute to teen insomnia symptoms.

Design

Five-year prospective follow-up study.

Setting

School-based.

Participants

A total of 522 children (49.8% girls) aged 9.4 ± 1.3 years at baseline; 14.4 ± 0.7 years at follow-up.

Measurements

The dependent variable of insomnia symptoms at follow-up was assessed with the Minimal Insomnia Symptom Scale-Revised. The independent variables at baseline were the perceived family financial situation, tiredness at school, problems waking up, short sleep duration, sleeping difficulties, having a bedroom Television (TV), and time spent with a TV/computer. Multivariate binary logistic regression analyses were used to examine whether the independent variables at baseline predicted insomnia symptoms at follow-up.

Results

Perceived quite bad/very bad family financial situation (OR 3.1; CI 1.4–6.7) and short sleep duration (<10 h) (OR 2.3; CI 1.0–5.3) among girls at baseline were associated with insomnia symptoms at follow-up. Having problems waking up among boys at baseline was associated with insomnia symptoms at follow-up (OR 4.9; CI 1.6–14.4).

Conclusion

Short sleep duration, problems waking up, and perceived bad family financial situation during childhood were linked with adolescent insomnia symptoms. The sex-based differences in these associations warrant further investigation to effectively mitigate adolescent insomnia.
Individual Brain Morphological Connectome Indicator Based on Jensen–Shannon Divergence Similarity Estimation for Autism Spectrum Disorder Identification
Authors: Yi Ting , Wei Weian , Ma Di , Wu Yali , Cai Qifang , Jin Ke , Gao Xin
Published: June 2022

Background

Structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI) reveals abnormalities in patients with autism spectrum syndrome (ASD). Previous connectome studies of ASD have failed to identify the individual neuroanatomical details in preschool-age individuals. This paper aims to establish an individual morphological connectome method to characterize the connectivity patterns and topological alterations of the individual-level brain connectome and their diagnostic value in patients with ASD.

Methods

Brain sMRI data from 24 patients with ASD and 17 normal controls (NCs) were collected; participants in both groups were aged 24–47 months. By using the Jensen–Shannon Divergence Similarity Estimation (JSSE) method, all participants’s morphological brain network were ascertained. Student’s t-tests were used to extract the most significant features in morphological connection values, global graph measurement, and node graph measurement.

Results

The results of global metrics’ analysis showed no statistical significance in the difference between two groups. Brain regions with meaningful properties for consensus connections and nodal metric features are mostly distributed in are predominantly distributed in the basal ganglia, thalamus, and cortical regions spanning the frontal, temporal, and parietal lobes. Consensus connectivity results showed an increase in most of the consensus connections in the frontal, parietal, and thalamic regions of patients with ASD, while there was a decrease in consensus connectivity in the occipital, prefrontal lobe, temporal lobe, and pale regions. The model that combined morphological connectivity, global metrics, and node metric features had optimal performance in identifying patients with ASD, with an accuracy rate of 94.59%.

Conclusion

The individual brain network indicator based on the JSSE method is an effective indicator for identifying individual-level brain network abnormalities in patients with ASD. The proposed classification method can contribute to the early clinical diagnosis of ASD.