bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ecosystem services mapping and assessment for policy- and decision-making: Lessons learned from a comparative analysis of European case studies
Authors: Geneletti Davide , Adem Esmail Blal , Cortinovis Chiara , Arany Ildikó , Balzan Mario , van Beukering Pieter , Bicking Sabine , Borges Paulo , Borisova Bilyana , Broekx Steven , Burkhard Benjamin , Gil Artur , Inghe Ola , Kopperoinen Leena , Kruse Marion , Liekens Inge , Lowicki Damian , Mizgajski Andrzej , Mulder Sara , Nedkov Stoyan , Ostergard Hannah , Picanço Ana , Ruskule Anda , Santos-Martín Fernando , Sieber Ina M. , Svensson Johan , Vačkářů Dava , Veidemane Kristina
Published: June 2020

This paper analyses and compares a set of case studies on ecosystem services (ES) mapping and assessment with the purpose of formulating lessons learned and recommendations. Fourteen case studies were selected during the EU Horizon 2020 “Coordination and Support Action” ESMERALDA to represent different policy- and decision-making processes throughout the European Union, across a wide range of themes, biomes and scales. The analysis is based on a framework that addresses the key steps of an ES mapping and assessment process, namely policy questions, stakeholder identification and involvement, application of mapping and assessment methods, dissemination and communication and implementation. The analysis revealed that most case studies were policy-orientated or gave explicit suggestions for policy implementation in different contexts, including urban, rural and natural areas. Amongst the findings, the importance of starting stakeholder engagement early in the process was confirmed in order to generate interest and confidence in the project and to increase their willingness to cooperate. Concerning mapping and assessment methods, it was found that the integration of methods and results is essential for providing a comprehensive overview from different perspectives (e.g. social, economic). Finally, lessons learned for effective implementation of ES mapping and assessment results are presented and discussed.

Graphical Abstarcat in Fig. 1.
New and little-known species of the genus Sphecodes Latreille (Hymenoptera, Halictidae) from Southeast Asia
Authors: Astafurova Yulia V. , Proshchalykin Maxim Yu. , Schwarz Maximilian
Published: June 2020

The available information about the cleptoparasitic bees of the genusSphecodesin Southeast Asia is summarized. Thirty-one species are currently known from this area. Four new species are described:Sphecodes discoverlifeiAstafurova & Proshchalykin,sp. nov.(Laos),S. engeliAstafurova & Proshchalykin,sp. nov.(Laos, Vietnam),S. ilyadadariaAstafurova,sp. nov.(Indonesia), andS. pseudoredivivusAstafurova & Proshchalykin,sp. nov.(Laos). Nine species are newly recorded from South East Asia:S. chaprensisBlüthgen, 1927 (Laos),S. howardiCockerell, 1922 (Malaysia, Myanmar, Thailand),S. kershawiPerkins, 1921 (Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Thailand),S. laticepsMeyer, 1920 (Thailand, Vietnam),S. montanusSmith, 1879 (Laos),S. sauteriMeyer, 1925 (Laos),S. sikkimensisBlüthgen, 1927 (Laos, Myanmar),S. simlaensisBlüthgen, 1924 (Laos), andS. turneriCockerell, 1916 (Laos). Based on type specimens, new synonymies have been proposed forSphecodes kershawiPerkins, 1921 =S. javanensisBlüthgen, 1927,syn. nov.;S. simlaensisBlüthgen, 1924 =S. simlaellusBlüthgen, 1927,syn. nov.;S. laticepsMeyer, 1920 =S. biroi mariaeCockerell, 1930,syn. nov.Lectotypes are designated forSphecodes biroiFriese, 1909,S. simlaellusBlüthgen, 1927, andS. laticepsMeyer, 1920. The female ofSphecodes sauteriMeyer, 1925, and the male ofS. turneriCockerell, 1916 are described for the first time.
Breve nota sul problema del tribraco incipitario strappato: Plauto, Menaechmi 31 e 236
Authors: Bandini Giorgia
Published: June 2020

Il presente lavoro si propone di escludere Menaechmi 31 and 236 dalla debole casistica dei versi giambici che infrangono la norma di Ritschl nel secondo elemento.
Expansão do Agronegócio e os Impactos Socioambientais na Região de Cerrados do Centro-Norte do Brasil (MATOPIBA)
Authors: Alves Vicente Eudes Lemos
Published: June 2020

Propõe-se neste estudo entender os problemas socioambientais decorrentes do avanço de monocultivos agroflorestais no bioma de Cerrados do Centro-Norte do Brasil. Busca-se especialmente compreender as formas de impactos que as comunidades agroextrativistas vêm sofrendo com a instalação do agronegócio na região. O Centro-Norte do país, na área de abrangência de bioma de cerrados, corresponde a um rico domínio natural que abriga diversos ecossistemas regionais, nos quais habitam populações camponesas que utilizam intensamente esses espaços para o desenvolvimento de atividades associadas ao extrativismo vegetal, a pesca e para práticas agropecuárias em pequena escala, voltadas, sobretudo para o autoconsumo e o comércio regional. Os espaços naturais, os diversos usos que as populações fazem deles e a própria permanência dos moradores desses domínios sofrem ameaças devido ao crescimento de formas produtivas vinculadas ao agronegócio de grande escala, especialmente com o avanço dos monocultivos de soja. A presença dessa nova economia que remove a cobertura vegetal original, que consome elevados volumes de agroquímicos e que utiliza expressivos volumes de recursos naturais vem gerando diversos tipos de conflitos socioambientais. Diante do exposto, pretende-se analisar os tipos de impactos que emergem do novo contexto produtivo dominado pela agropecuária modernizada, especialmente aqueles que incidem sobre os ambientes naturais e as populações agroextrativistas regionais.
Os sistemas agrícolas tradicionais nos interstícios da soja no Brasil: processos e limites da conservação da agrobiodiversidade.
Authors: Eloy Ludivine , Souza Cláudia de , Nascimento Diana , Nogueira Mônica Celeida Rabelo , Filho Henyo Trindade Barretto , Bustamante Patricia , Emperaire Laure
Published: June 2020

A expansão do agronegócio em todas as regiões do Brasil desafia o futuro dos sistemas agrícolas tradicionais. Este artigo pretende identificar os processos pelos quais agricultores tradicionais mantêm a diversidade agrícola na fronteira da soja no Brasil. Os dados foram obtidos a partir do levantamento e mapeamento das práticas agrícolas e da agrobiodiversidade junto a 113 agricultores indígenas, quilombolas e camponeses em seus respectivos territórios do Sul, Norte e Nordeste do país. A diversidade agrícola nos interstícios da soja (entre 66 e 188 espécies e variedades cultivadas) resulta da produção contínua de conhecimentos nos espaços oriundos da agricultura de corte e queima. Os conhecimentos agrícolas tradicionais configuram uma fronteira heterogênea, onde os interstícios cultivados por comunidades revelam-se como ilhas de agrobiodiversidade em um mar de monoculturas. Longe de serem opostos à modernidade ou à economia de mercado, os conhecimentos agrícolas tradicionais consistem em processos de inovação que residem na combinação engenhosa entre práticas e variedades "antigas" e "modernas". Assim, o conceito de conservação dinâmica permite ir além da ideia comum da substituição de variedades locais por cultivares comerciais, ou da "erosão" dos conhecimentos tradicionais frente ao avanço do agronegócio. Por outro lado, mesmo em territórios tradicionais relativamente estabilizados, a conservação dinâmica da agrobiodiversidade é ameaçada pelos impactos ambientais da expansão da soja. Por mais que as formas tradicionais de praticar a agricultura sejam ainda operantes nestes interstícios, um processo extra-territorial de desqualificação dos conhecimentos agrícolas locais ameaça os sistemas agrícolas tradicionais, por causa da aceleração dos ritmos e escalas de mudanças ambientais. Assim, medidas de reconhecimento, proteção e monitoramento dos territórios tradicionais são condições básicas para que a(o)s agricultora(e)s sigam conservando a agrobiodiversidade de forma dinâmica.
Geopolítica do etanol: soberania energética e projeção internacional do Brasil (1930-2015)
Authors: Freitas Elisa Pinheiro de , Roseira Antonio Marcos , Sampaio Mateus de Almeida Prado
Published: June 2020

A produção de álcool tem suas bases na própria história primário-exportadora brasileira durante as eras colonial, imperial e republicana. O desenvolvimento econômico e científico-tecnológico dessa matriz energética no século XX está entrelaçado ao estabelecimento de uma racionalidade geopolítica e a definição dos principais interesses estratégicos brasileiros. Distinguem-se nesta análise dois grandes períodos. No período desenvolvimentista (1930-1980), o biocombustível foi fundamental às políticas de soberania energética. Após um hiato marcado por uma forte crise no setor sucroalcooleiro no decorrer da década de 1990, o etanol se torna peça central nas políticas de projeção internacional do país levadas a cabo durante os anos 2000. Em seu conjunto, a história dessa matriz energética demonstra sua importância para o desenvolvimento nacional.
Contrarracionalidade no centro de Campinas: a (sobre)vivência dos trabalhadores da alimentação frente à imposição do planejamento estratégico
Authors: Antipon Livia Cangiano
Published: June 2020

O centro de Campinas, ao abrigar um denso circuito popular de alimentação, exerce uma função importante para os sujeitos pobres do lugar: ali suas economias podem se instaurar garantindo a sobrevivência dessa parcela de trabalhadores da cidade. Baseados em um levantamento bibliográfico e em informações coletadas em trabalho de campo, abordamos tanto os nexos entre o projeto de revitalização da Avenida Francisco Glicério e as trajetórias cotidianas dos diversos sujeitos que compõem esse circuito, quanto as inúmeras maneiras de sobrevivência na metrópole desigual. Trata-se do olhar para a problemática substanciada pelo embate entre o planejamento estratégico imposto aos lugares e a resposta de seus sujeitos alinhavando alternativas e resistindo ao esgarçamento das formas de viver e sobreviver na urbe. O esmiuçar dos espaços de mercado popular de alimentação mostrou-se como um elemento vital para a reflexão da própria crise urbana instaurada em Campinas, trazendo à tona um olhar para a produção da fome oculta na cidade e os gestos contrarracionais dos sujeitos sociais pobres organizadores de seus próprios espaços econômicos.
Crédito Rural no Brasil: evolução e distribuição espacial (1969 – 2016)
Authors: Sousa Silvio Braz de , Junior Laerte Guimarães Ferreira , Miziara Fausto , Morais Hugo Arruda de
Published: June 2020

O crédito rural brasileiro foi institucionalizado pela da Lei n° 4829/1965 que criou o Sistema Nacional de Crédito Rural (SNCR), e desde 1969 financia a expansão da atividade agrícola brasileira. Este artigo tem o objetivo de analisar a distribuição espacial no território brasileiro de crédito rural entre 1969 e 2016, considerando as captações para as duas atividades: agrícola e pecuária. Para isto, foram adquiridos dados no Banco Central do Brasil (Bacen) em múltiplos formatos, a fim de analisar e mapear a distribuição espacial do crédito rural. Foi percebido a existência de uma concentração espacial de destinação de crédito rural no Brasil entre 1969 e 2016, na qual os estados da região Centro-Sul do país sempre captaram maio parte dos recursos (anualmente desde 1969 o Centro Sul capta mais de 80% do crédito rural). Na década de 1980 há incremento da captação relativa da região Centro-Oeste (passando de 10,2% para ~33% entre 1980 e 1989 ), tal aumento da captação tem ligação com a exploração dos Cerrados e do avanço da Fronteira Agrícola, por sua vez, os estados da região Norte e Nordeste constituem os que menos captam crédito rural no Brasil. historicamente, a maioria dos estados das regiões Norte e Nordeste captam maior quantidade de créditos para a atividade pecuária em detrimento da atividade agrícola. As informações sobre crédito rural e sua distribuição espacial indicam que a política de ordenamento territorial do Brasil deve considerar uma distribuição mais equânime dos recursos pelo território.
IoT to Support Active Learning in Engineering Education
Authors: Touhafi Abdellah , Cornetta Gianluca
Published: June 2020

Engineering education requires a rather difficult learning process, which aims at building the student's capacities in theoretical insights in science, project-oriented thinking and co-operation, experimental verification of basic concepts in specific labs, deductive and creative thinking, and multi-disciplinary engineering. Many education techniques to help in that learning process have been proposed in literature and have found their way into the daily learning process. Two very prominent active learning techniques used in engineering education are on one hand the virtual and remote laboratories and on the other hand the fab labs. The upcoming internet of things paradigm is now adding new possibilities to further enhance those two techniques to support engineering education. In this chapter, the authors introduce some of those possibilities, describe use cases, and draw some conclusions on the current state of research.
Smart City = Smart Citizen = Smart Economy?
Authors: Frank Elizabeth , Aznar Fernández-Montesinos Gloria
Published: June 2020

With a rapidly growing world population, urban populations are estimated to increase significantly over the next decades. This trend is reason for concern since the planet's resources are limited, and climate change is inherent. This chapter focusses on the question about whether new technologies employed in smart cities can be the answer to current and future needs of a city population. Cutting-edge technological advances are reshaping our ecosystem; transforming society, living, and work environments; transport systems; energy grids; healthcare; communications; businesses; and education. How can cities respond to the multitude of challenges by employing technology and at the same time ensure the public well-being, improve the quality of life of city inhabitants, and make sure that the human is still at the center of decisions?
Smart Destinations as a Reconversion Strategy for Rural Areas
Authors: Sánchez Martínez María
Published: June 2020

Smart destinations provide value for the tourist experience. Platforms where dialogue arises are important to develop an adequate integration of smart technology as a resource for the cooperative creation of valuable tourist experiences. The incorporation of digital technologies in historical disciplines as a part of humanistic knowledge design is a new paradigm that encourages the creation of innovative content. Taking as a reference the Spanish routes that the war journalists visited during the First Carlista War, it is possible to transform the villages that were protagonists of these historical landmarks as smart tourist destinations. Digital content based on geolocation, GIS developments, apps, audiovisual pieces with videomapping, and augmented reality techniques are the key to bring the traveler the experience in an interactive, personalized, integrative, and participatory environment while the data provided by the different sensors allows measuring their economic and social impact.
Pushing the Limits of Mediterranean Configurations
Authors: Casseus Clara Rachel Eybalin
Published: June 2020

The outbreak of conflicts in parts of the Middle East and North Africa since 2011 has turned cities into contentious spaces and primary sites hosting large numbers of refugees and undocumented migrants. Yet, the lack of economic perspectives and human rights' violations are push factors for emigration in a number of countries beyond the Mediterranean facing a gap in comprehensively addressing migratory challenges from a broad-based perspective. How can urbanization be addressed concerning the discourse about conflict-induced displacement without first identifying the noncitizen? Considering forced displacement induced by war/environmental disaster, this chapter situates its discussion of global displacement, war, and non-citizenship by exploring the interplay between place, power, and politics. It argues for deconstructing non-citizenship and reinstating displacement in the city by analysing the decision-making processes and experiences of non-citizens in the cities of Jeddah, Doha, and Beirut, while expanding the issue of statelessness to post-earthquake Haïti.
Changing Climate and Reparatory Justice
Authors: Casseus Clara Rachel Eybalin
Published: June 2020

In this chapter, the author draws on transnational literature on displacement by challenging its overemphasis on identities. In contrast, it argues for a deeper engagement of new mobility patterns and other routes that have emerged in localities often situated apart that have not been fully analysed together thus far. Further, an analysis of consequence of neoliberal policies through the use of civil society organisations (CSOs) versus a more effective use of the politics of decentralization contributes to increasing the understanding of both the mechanisms that reproduce (mis)management of resources and the constant marginalisation of constructive endogenous forces to address reparatory justice under the threat of climate change. From Abricots (Haiti) to Beirut (Lebanon), putting in dialogue regions that barely interact in the literature is intended to motivate future studies on the emerging connections between memory, long-distance civic engagement, South-South cooperation, and claims for restorative climate justice.
Artificial Intelligence (AI), Disability, and Telemedicine/Telehealth
Authors: Burton Sharon L.
Published: June 2020

Research reveals the significance of artificial intelligence's applicability for disability through telemedicine/telehealth education for advancing health care in rural, remote, and underserved locations. Improperly researched requirements, failure to include artificial intelligence (AI), and skewed monetary knowledge are derailing components for academic programs in the United States. Artificial intelligence is a key component to pinpoint inadequacies and drive them out of telemedicine/telehealth educational clinical processes and, as an outcome, help diminish costs and enhance outcomes for learners and administrators. This chapter revealed information for developing best practices, which will lead to the development of a series of academic courses for a community-based telehealth program at a medium-sized telehealth organization based out of Virginia. This research offers to practitioners, learners, and academicians academic program development suggestions for meeting a process improvement initiative.
Building Higher Education Community
Authors: Mollenkopf Dawn L. , Felton Melanie K. , Karabon Anne , Westerlin Sara A.
Published: June 2020

Hierarchical leadership models are not well matched to the early childhood field, which is a complex, diverse system where early childhood educators serve in multiple dynamic roles. Distributed leadership, which involves collaboration, inclusive engagement, and shared problem-solving, typifies efforts of leaders who advocate and work toward systemic change. This chapter explains how early childhood teacher educators used distributed leadership to push for statewide changes that removed barriers to degree completion for early childhood educators. In Phase 1, educators used a shared set of competencies and a common course system to improve articulation agreements between two- and four-year colleges. In Phase 2, educators expanded, revised, and delineated core competencies from national standards (NAEYC, CEC, DEC) to inform state endorsements. In Phase 3, educators built an inclusive, formal network to lay a foundation for a statewide articulation agreement system that will incorporate the Power to Profession's unified framework and standards.
Literacy Teacher Preparation for Educational Justice Through Culturally Sustaining Pedagogies
Authors: Saunders Jane M. , Lopez Minda Morren
Published: June 2020

In this chapter, the authors describe their positions as social justice educators and provide concrete examples for engaging educators in reflection, discussion, and praxis in a required course for preservice teachers in literacy. They describe concrete steps they have taken to incorporate and model a culturally rich pedagogical practice. They both believe that a course that requires reading, writing, and thinking provides a rich backdrop for engaging with preservice teachers about cultural and linguistic diversity and for moving into spaces of working towards equity and justice in society by engaging in action. Given that they each require students to apply what they are learning in the creation of learning centers and final projects, the authors believe their models of practice and praxis along with conversations about the necessity of a social justice stance will manifest in quality work as students design reading and writing assignments of their own.
An Efficient Mixed Attribute Outlier Detection Method for Identifying Network Intrusions
Authors: Beulah J. Rene , Punithavathani D. Shalini
Published: June 2020

Intrusion detection systems (IDS) play a vital role in protecting information systems from intruders. Anomaly-based IDS has established its effectiveness in identifying new and unseen attacks. It learns the normal usage pattern of a network and any event that significantly deviates from the normal behavior is signaled as an intrusion. The crucial challenge in anomaly-based IDS is to reduce false alarm rate. In this article, a clustering-based outlier detection (CBOD) approach is proposed for classifying normal and intrusive patterns. The proposed scheme operates in three modules: an improved hybrid feature selection phase that extracts the most relevant features, a training phase that learns the normal pattern in the training data by forming clusters, and a testing phase that identifies outliers in the testing data. The proposed method is applied for NSL-KDD benchmark dataset and the experimental results yielded a 97.84% detection rate (DR), a 1.88% false alarm rate (FAR), and a 97.96% classification accuracy (ACC). This proposal appears to be promising in terms of DR, FAR and ACC.
Alternative Assessment Approaches and Quality Product Design Within Web-Based Learning Environments
Authors: Al-Abdullatif Ahlam Mohammed
Published: June 2020

The aim of the present study is to identify the impact of the alternative web-based self and peer assessment approaches on improving the quality of student educational projects. In this context, a study was carried out during the second semester of the 2017-2018 academic year among 48 postgraduate students at King Faisal University. Results indicated that both self and peer-assessment approaches are effective when assessing the quality of educational products. The results also showed that the extent of student experience with the self-assessment approach affects their assessment credibility and objectivity. This study emphasized the value of utilizing alternative assessment approaches in web-based learning environments as means of improving student performance, particularly when designing educational products. It may have theoretical and pedagogical implications for learners and teachers.
Decisions Made By Critical Care Nurses During Mechanical Ventilation and Weaning in an Australian Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Rose Louise , Nelson Sioban , Johnston Linda , Presneill Jeffrey J.
Published: June 2020

Background Responsibilities of critical care nurses for management of mechanical ventilation may differ among countries. Organizational interventions, including weaning protocols, may have a variable impact in settings that differ in nursing autonomy and interdisciplinary collaboration.

Objective To characterize the role of Australian critical care nurses in the management of mechanical ventilation.

Methods A 3-month, prospective cohort study was performed. All clinical decisions related to mechanical ventilation in a 24-bed, combined medical-surgical adult intensive care unit at the Royal Melbourne Hospital, a university-affiliated teaching hospital in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, were determined.

Results Of 474 patients admitted during the 81-day study period, 319 (67%) received mechanical ventilation. Death occurred in 12.5% (40/319) of patients. Median durations of mechanical ventilation and intensive care stay were 0.9 and 1.9 days, respectively. A total of 3986 ventilation and weaning decisions (defined as any adjustment to ventilator settings, including mode change; rate or pressure support adjustment; and titration of tidal volume, positive end-expiratory pressure, or fraction of inspired oxygen) were made. Of these, 2538 decisions (64%) were made by nurses alone, 693 (17%) by medical staff, and 755 (19%) by nurses and staff in collaboration. Decisions made exclusively by nurses were less common for patients with predominantly respiratory disease or multiple organ dysfunction than for other patients.

Conclusions In this unit, critical care nurses have high levels of responsibility for, and autonomy in, the management of mechanical ventilation and weaning. Revalidation of protocols for ventilation practices in other clinical contexts may be needed.
Skin Integrity in Critically Ill and Injured Children
Authors: Schindler Christine A. , Mikhailov Theresa A. , Fischer Kay , Lukasiewicz Gloria , Kuhn Evelyn M. , Duncan Linda
Published: June 2020

Background Skin breakdown increases the cost of care, may lead to increased morbidity, and has negative psychosocial implications because of secondary scarring or alopecia. The scope of this problem has not been widely studied in critically ill and injured children.

Objectives To determine the incidence of skin breakdown in critically ill and injured children and to compare the characteristics of patients who experience skin breakdown with those of patients who do not.

Methods Admission and follow-up data for a 15-week period were collected retrospectively on children admitted to a large pediatric intensive care unit. The incidence of skin breakdown was calculated. The risk for skin breakdown associated with potential risk factors (relative risk) and 95% confidence intervals were determined.

Results The sample consisted of 401 distinct stays in the intensive care unit for 373 patients. During the 401 stays, skin breakdown occurred in 34 (8.5%), redness in 25 (6.2%), and breakdown and redness in 13 (3.2%); the overall incidence was 18%. Patients who had skin breakdown or redness were younger, had longer stays, and were more likely to have respiratory illnesses and require mechanical ventilatory support than those who did not. Patients who had skin breakdown or redness had a higher risk of mortality than those who did not.

Conclusions Risk factors for skin breakdown were similar to those previously reported. Compared with children of other ages, children 2 years or younger are at higher risk for skin breakdown.
Evaluation of Delivery of Enteral Nutrition in Critically Ill Patients Receiving Mechanical Ventilation
Authors: O’Meara Debra , Mireles-Cabodevila Eduardo , Frame Fran , Hummell A. Christine , Hammel Jeffrey , Dweik Raed A. , Arroliga Alejandro C.
Published: June 2020

Background Published reports consistently describe incomplete delivery of prescribed enteral nutrition. Which specific step in the process delays or interferes with the administration of a full dose of nutrients is unclear.

Objectives To assess factors associated with interruptions in enteral nutrition in critically ill patients receiving mechanical ventilation.

Methods An observational prospective study of 59 consecutive patients who required mechanical ventilation and were receiving enteral nutrition was done in an 18-bed medical intensive care unit of an academic center. Data were collected prospectively on standardized forms. Steps involved in the feeding process from admission to discharge were recorded, each step was timed, and delivery of nutrition was quantified.

Results Patients received approximately 50% (mean, 1106.3; SD, 885.9 Cal) of the prescribed caloric needs. Enteral nutrition was interrupted 27.3% of the available time. A mean of 1.13 interruptions occurred per patient per day; enteral nutrition was interrupted a mean of 6 (SD, 0.9) hours per patient each day. Prolonged interruptions were mainly associated with problems related to small-bore feeding tubes (25.5%), increased residual volumes (13.3%), weaning (11.7%), and other reasons (22.8%). Placement and confirmation of placement of the small-bore feeding tube were significant causes of incomplete delivery of nutrients on the day of admission.

Conclusions Delivery of enteral nutrition in critically ill patients receiving mechanical ventilation is interrupted by practices embedded in the care of these patients. Evaluation of the process reveals areas to improve the delivery of enteral nutrition.
Acetazolamide and SGLT2 inhibitor as potent drugs for a patient with diabetes mellitus and worsening chronic lymphedema: A case report
Authors: Kataoka Hajime
Published: June 2020

Treatment of lymphedema using a pharmacologic approach is reported to have limited efficacy. Here, I report a patient with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and acute worsening of her chronic lymphedema, in whom treatment with acetazolamide and a sodiumglucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) effectively improved the lymphedema. A 94-year-old woman, who was treated for T2DM, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension for 17 years at my hospital presented to the emergency room because of acute worsening of her chronic right leg lymphedema with increased swelling, tightness, and dull aching. A pharmacologic approach was used to treat her worsening lymphedema. Acetazolamide 500 mg/d was administered to treat the acute tissue fluid collection in the right lymphedematous leg. Ten days later, the patient’s body weight was markedly reduced by 3.2 kg, pitting in the right leg was markedly improved, and the circumference of right limb was decreased. On day 11, the glucose-lowering agent vildagliptin was switched to the SGLT2i empagliflozin 10 mg/d. On day 70, her body weight had decreased further by 2.8 kg, and the circumference of her right limb was greatly reduced compared with that under treatment with acetazolamide. Her serum chloride concentration was increased after treatment, but her hemoglobin and hematocrit values did not change during the study period. In conclusion, acetazolamide and an SGLT2i have acute diuretic effects for draining the excess tissue fluid in the lymphedematous limb without vascular contraction by enhancing vascular tonicity. Additionally, an SGLT2i may have chronic effects for reducing fat deposits in the lymphedematous limb.
Petrol ve Doğalgazın Uluslararası Piyasalara Ulaştırılmasında Jeopolitik Konum ve Kimliğin Etkilerinin İncelenmesi: Azerbaycan-Türkiye İlişkileri Örneği
Authors: Salih Emir Mutluer
Published: June 2020

Jeopolitik, bir devletin yer aldığı ülkeler coğrafyasındaki stratejik önemini vurgulayan önemli bir kavramdır. Ülkelerin coğrafi/fiziki özellikleri (iklim, bitki örtüsü, yeryüzü şekilleri, yer altı ve yer üstü zenginlikleri vb.), komşuları ve ilişki düzeyi, tarihi/kültürel dokusu (geleneksel yapısı, medeniyete ait bilgileri, dil yapısı, değer yapıları vb.), dinsel ve etnik özellikleri (inanç, millet, köken vb), iktisadi yapısı (üretim ve tüketim kapasitesi vb), ulaşım imkânları (deniz, liman, karayolu, havayolu gibi), uluslararası platformlardaki rolü ve askeri gücü gibi daha pek çok özellik jeopolitik önemi belirleyen etmenler arasında sayılabilir.   Türkiye, bulunduğu coğrafya bakımından iki kıta arasında köprü konumunda yer alması, uluslararası sulara açılan önemli liman ve boğazlara sahip olması Türkiye’yi jeopolitik anlamda bulunduğu bölgede önemli bir merkez haline getirmektedir. Ayrıca, Türkiye’nin petrol ülkelerine olan coğrafi yakınlığı, İstanbul ve Çanakkale gibi iki önemli boğaza sahip olması ve ülkede bulunan önemli limanları sayesinde sahip olduğu milli ve dini kimliğinin de etkisiyle Hazar Havzası’nda bulunan petroller güvenli bir şekilde uluslararası pazarlara aktarılabilmektedir.  Jeopolitiğin bir ülkenin dış siyaseti üzerinde tek başına belirleyici bir faktör mü? Yoksa, jeopolitiğin yanında milli kimlik, kültür gibi faktörlerinde dış siyasette etkisi var mıdır? Sorularına ışık tutmak amacıyla oluşturulmuş bir çalışmadır.
Bazı İleri Soya (Glycine max. L.) Hatlarının Şanlıurfa İkinci Ürün Koşullarında Verim ve Kalite Özellikleri Yönünden Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: Erdal ERBİL
Published: June 2020

Bu çalışma, bazı ileri soya hatlarının Şanlıurfa ikinci ürün koşullarında performanslarının belirlenmesi amacıyla 2018-2019 yıllarında yürütülmüştür. Çalışmada, melezleme yöntemiyle geliştirilmiş olan 12 ileri hat (Antjc-17,Antwa-20, Antwa-4, Antjc-14, Batem-210, Antjc-15, Antwa-2, Batem-204, Batem-316, Antsoy-2, Antjc-20, Antjc-23) ve 3 standart çeşit (Kocatürk, Göksoy, Adasoy) materyal olarak kullanılmıştır. Araştırma, GAP Tarımsal Araştırma Enstitüsü Gündaş Araştırma istasyonunda 2018-2019 yıllarında iki yıl üst üste yürütülmüştür. Araştırmada, çiçeklenme gün sayısı, fizyolojik olgunluk gün sayısı, bitki boyu, ilk bakla yüksekliği, verim ve bin tane ağırlığı gibi morfolojik özelliklerin yanında ham protein ve ham yağ gibi kalite özellikleri de incelenmiştir. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre; bitkide ilk bakla yüksekliği (p<0.05) dışında incelenen tüm özellikler bakımından soya hatları arasında istatistik olarak oldukça önemli (p<0.01) farklar tespit edilmiştir. İncelenen soya genotiplerin arasında tane verimi 171,4-560,1 kg da-1 bitki boyu 67.6-126,6 cm, ham protein oranı %28.9 ile 39.9, ham yağ oranı %18.1 ile 23.6 ve bin tane ağırlığı 125,8-179,4 gr arasında değişmiştir.
Tütün Atığı ve Kompostunun Typic Xerofluvent Bir Toprağın Sağlığı ile Kırmızı Biber (Capsicum annuum L.) Verimi Üzerine Etkileri
Authors: Hüseyin Hüsnü KAYIKÇIOĞLU  , Nur OKUR
Published: June 2020

Tütün atıklarının tarımda kullanılabilme potansiyelini ortaya koyabilmek amacıyla gerçekleştirilen çalışma, tesadüf blokları deseninde ve 4 tekerrürlü olarak tesis edilmiş olup, 2008 yılında Typic Xerofluvent toprakta yürütülmüştür. Ham tütün atığı (T) ve tütün atığı kompostu (TK) 20 ve 40 t ha-1 düzeylerinde, kimyasal azotlu gübre ise 150 ve 300 kg N ha-1 dozlarında faktöriyel olarak uygulanmıştır. Çalışmada mikrobiyal biyokütle C’u, N’u ve P’u (Cmik, Nmik, Pmik), enzimler (alkalin fosfataz, ALKPA; β-glukozidaz, GLU; aril sülfataz, ArSA; proteaz, PRO; üreaz, ÜA; dehidrogenaz, DHG), mikrobiyal popülasyon (amonyum oksitleyici, AOB ve nitrit oksitleyici bakteriler, NOB; genel bakteri, GB; azotobakter, AZB; genel fungus, GF) ile bazı kimyasal özellikler (toprak reaksiyonu, pH; tuzluluk, EC; organik madde, Corg; toplam azot, Nt) belirlenmiştir. Organik materyaller Cmik, Nmik ve Pmik miktarlarını arttırmıştır. Enzim aktiviteleri üzerine azotun tek başına etkisi önemli olmazken, T tüm enzim aktiviteleri üzerine; TK ise ÜA dışındaki tüm enzimler üzerine etkili olmuştur. AZB dışındaki diğer mikroorganizma gruplarını en fazla uyaran T olurken, TK ile AZB’ler daha fazla uyarılmıştır. AOB, T ile % 585, TK ile ise % 354 artış göstermiştir. Corg ve Nt miktarları özellikle T ile artmıştır. En yüksek birim verim N2T2 ve N0T2 uygulamalarında sırasıyla 192.6 ve 192.3 t ha-1 olarak ortaya çıkarmıştır. Akdeniz ikliminin etki altında sulanabilir ürünlerde ham tütün atığı 40 t ha-1 uygulanabileceği gibi, tuzluluğa daha hassas olan bitki yetiştiriciliğinde ise 40 t ha-1 dozunda tütün atığı kompostunun daha iyi bir tercih olacağı görülmektedir.
Tuz Stresi Altındaki Biber Bitkisindeki Kalsiyum Uygulamalarının Antioksidatif Enzim Aktivitelerine Etkisinin Araştırılması
Authors: Fikret YAŞAR  , Ömihan YILDIRIM  , Özlem ÜZAL
Published: June 2020

Demre sivri biber çeşidinin kullanıldığı çalışmada, tuz stresi altındaki biber bitkisine farklı dozlarda uygulanan kalsiyumun  (Ca) bitki gelişimi ve antioksidant enzim aktiviteleri üzerine etkileri araştırılmıştır. Çalışma kontrollü şartlardaki 16/8 saatlik aydınlık/ karanlık fotoperiyotta, 25 oC de ve %70 nemli iklim odasında yürütülmüştür. Çalışmada toplam bitki ağırlığı ile bitkilerin tuza dayanım skalaları belirlenmiştir. Stres altındaki bitkilerde meydana gelen biyokimyasal değişiklikleri belirlemek amacıyla bitki yapraklarındaki antioksidant enzim aktiviteleri (Katalaz (CAT), Askorbat peroksidaz (APX), Süperoksit dismutaz (SOD)) belirlenmiştir. Tuz stresi altındaki bitkilere uygulanan kalsiyumun dozu arttıkça bitkilerin toplam ağırlıklarında artış olmuştur. Bu sonuçlara paralel olarak, bitkiler strese girmedikleri için ya da çok az stres oluştuğu için her üç enzim aktivitesinde Ca doz artışına bağlı olarak düşüşler olmuştur. Tuz stresi altındaki biber fidelerine artan dozlarda Ca uygulamalarının tuzun olumsuz etkisini azaltmada kısmen de olsa etkili olduğu yapılan ölçüm ve analizler sonucunda söylenebilir.
Siirt İlinde Antepfıstığı Psillidi [Agonoscena pistaciae Burck. and Laut.) (Hemiptera: Aphalaridae)]'nın Yayılışı ve Populasyon Dinamiğinin Belirlenmesi
Authors: Cevdet KAPLAN  , Mustafa Cemal ÇİFTÇİ
Published: June 2020

Bu çalışma 2015-2017 yıllarında Siirt İlinde Antepfıstığında zararlı Antepfıstığı psillidi [Agonoscena pistaciae Burck. and Laut.) (Hemiptera: Aphalaridae)]’nın yayılışı ve populasyon seyrini belirlemek amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Yayılış alanını belirlemek için Siirt İlinin Merkez, Aydınlar, Eruh, Kurtalan, Pervari,  ve Şirvan ilçelerinde 24 köyde toplam 66 fıstık bahçesinde gözlem ve inceleme yapılmıştır. Zararlının popülasyon seyrini belirlemek için ise 2016-2017 yıllarında Siirt Merkez ilçede 4 bahçede çalışmalar yürütülmüştür. Yayılış alanını belirlemek için darbe yöntemi ve göz ile inceleme yöntemi, mimf ve yumurta yoğunluğunu belirlemek için ise göz ile inceleme yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Örneklemeler 1-2 haftalık aralıklarla yapılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda A pistaciae tüm ilçelerde yayılış gösterdiği ve kontrol edilen tüm bahçelerin bulaşık olduğu belirlenmiştir. Kışlanmış erginler nisan ayının ortasında, ilk yumurtalar nisan ayının son haftasında ve birinci dönem nimflere ise nisan sonu mayıs başında belirlenmiştir. Kış geçirecek ergin formları eylül ayı ortasından itibaren görülmüştür. A pistaciae’nın ergin, nimf ve yumurta yoğunluğunun mayıs sonu ve haziran başında biraz arttığı, ancak ağustos sonlarından kasım ortalarına kadar ergin, nimf ve yumurta yoğunluğunun yüksek olduğu tespit edilmiştir.  Birçok bahçede ekonomik zarar eşiğini aştığı görülmüştür. Mayıs sonu- haziran başı ve temmuz sonu-ağustos ortasından sonra yapılacak kontrollerde eğer bileşik yaprak başına 20-30 nimf tespit edilirse bir yada iki kimyasal uygulama yeterli olacaktır.
A Potential Research Area Under Shadow In Engineering: Agricultural Machinery Design and Manufacturing
Authors: H. Kursat CELIK  , Allan E. W. RENNIE  , Ibrahim AKINCI
Published: June 2020

As a branch of the global machinery industry, the agricultural (farm) machinery design and manufacturing or agricultural engineering industry has become one of the most important industries to be supported and focussed on in the era of hunger threats foreseen in the World’s future. In order to produce sufficient volumes of food from current limited agricultural land, well-designed machinery and high technology-supported mechanisation of the agricultural production processes is a vital necessity. However, although novel improvements are observed in this area, they are very limited. There is a lack of implementation of advanced engineering design and manufacturing technologies in this industry, therefore agricultural engineering could be considered a potential engineering research area with this in mind. This study aims to highlight the potential, gaps, sector specific challenges and limitations of the agricultural engineering research area at a macro level. Under consideration of the sector‑specific indicators, the study revealed a major result: there is an insufficient level of sector-specific research on implementation strategies for up-to-date design and manufacturing technologies.
Gendering Social Studies: Teachers’ Intended and Enacted Curriculum and Student Diffraction
Authors: Watson-Canning Andrea
Published: June 2020

Due to intransigence of social studies curriculum-makers to broaden the scope of who and what is studied, women (especially non-white women) are lacking representation. However, some teachers go beyond the textbook to select alternative curriculum lenses. Utilizing curricular-instructional gatekeeping, complementary curriculum, and queer theory, this article examines how two secondary teachers who incorporate issues of gender and/or women’s experiences into their social studies curriculum describe their reasoning and intentions, how their expressed aims are manifested within their classrooms, and student reaction to the incorporation of gender and women’s experience in the social studies curriculum. Findings indicate participants value multiple perspectives and parity in social studies curriculum and map these ideas onto the explicit curriculum. However, student responses tend to resist teacher intentions and enactment of challenges to normative gender roles. This diffracted curriculum interferes with teacher aims, creating a curricular space where traditional assumptions of the gender binary play out in teacher-student and student-student interactions. These findings indicate a more relational approach to social studies curriculum may be needed to encourage students to engage constructively with nonnormative social ideas.
Determinación de la medida en que las horas dedicadas al estudio y las horas dedicadas al sueño condicionan el rendimiento académico de los estudiantes.
Authors: Oscar Fabian Silva Montoya  , Milton Rodrigo Hidalgo Ruiz  , Diego Vladimir Garcés Mayorga  , Carlos Alfredo Riofrio Molina.
Published: June 2020

Esta investigación se lleva a cabo en la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas de la Universidad Regional Autónoma de los Andes y su objetivo es determinar en qué medida las horas dedicadas al estudio y las orientadas al sueño actúan a favor o en contra del desempeño de los estudiantes. La investigación se puede considerar como exploratoria, empírica y deductiva. De acuerdo con el criterio de clasificación del diseño de la investigación y a la cantidad de variables es multivariada.
El fenómeno de la cultura-información lógica del individuo en el contexto de los cambios globales en la sociedad moderna.
Authors: Оryngul Аbilovа  , Aynash Kudysheva  , Bagit Kalimukhasheva  , Aigul Tulegenova  , Zhanna Kulbatyrova  , Barshagul Stamgaliyeva.
Published: June 2020

En la sociedad de la información, una persona moderna debe tener un nivel alto de cultura de manejo de la información, poseer la habilidad de buscar, transmitir, procesar y analizar información, ser capaz de utilizarla para resolver problemas profesionales y crear un producto innovador. Para reflejar esto, se introduce el término "cultura-información lógica del individuo". En la sociedad moderna, la cultura de la información entra orgánicamente en la trama real de la vida social, dándole una nueva calidad, conduce a la transformación de ideas socio-económicos, políticos y espirituales que se han formado, e introduce sustancialmente nuevas características en el estilo de vida de una persona. En este artículo se discute la principal interpretación científica de conceptos como personalidad, sociedad de la información, y cultura de la información, revelando las características principales.
Regulación legal del emprendimiento de personas con discapacidad.
Authors: Yulia Novikova  , Kseniya Kovalenko  , Nataliya Kovalenko.
Published: June 2020

El problema del empleo de personas con discapacidad en la sociedad moderna es relevante y no menos importante. Las personas con discapacidad experimentan una serie de dificultades para encontrar un trabajo debido al hecho de que muy a menudo los empleadores no los emplean bajo varios pretextos, restringen sus derechos, y hacen que ciertos tipos de trabajo sean inaccesibles debido a la incapacidad física de las personas con discapacidad para sus diversos tipos. El trabajo para una persona es una condición importante para una vida plena. No es solo una forma de asegurar económicamente su existencia, sino también una oportunidad para realizar sus habilidades, incluidas las creativas. La actividad laboral es un factor en la introducción de una persona a los valores sociales.
Tradiciones e innovaciones en la formación de ingenieros de potencia en el territorio de la República de Tatarstán
Authors:  Elvira Z. Galimullina  , Magomed N. Samedov.  
Published: June 2020

El artículo describe la experiencia de las universidades en la capacitación de ingenieros de potencia-estudiantes en Tatarstán y especialistas involucrados en los programas de capacitación avanzada del personal. Como métodos de investigación, utilizamos el análisis de literatura científica y metodológica, currículos, programas de trabajo, materiales de medios de comunicación, Internet recursos, estudiando, resumiendo las mejores prácticas de sus tradiciones e innovaciones. Los resultados de la investigación y su interpretación pueden ayudar a investigadores novatos, científicos nacionales y extranjeros a elaborar ideas generales sobre el sistema de capacitación de ingenieros y especialistas en potencia en el territorio de la República de Tatarstán. Aquí también damos una descripción de los principales enfoques, resultados prácticos en la actividad del estudiante en las áreas de energía de sus futuras especialidades.
El mundo ruso. La cultura indígena en los idiomas y palabras obsoletas.
Authors:  Nikolay F. Alefirenko  , Anna T. Gigolaeva  , Maria M. Golikova  , Elena G. Ozerova. 
Published: June 2020

El concepto del artículo se basa en el concepto dominante de la civilización ruso-eslava, que es el "mundo ruso" en la unidad de su cultura e idioma originales. La plataforma cultural e histórica del concepto es la ortodoxia, la cultura eslava oriental y el idioma ruso. La realización de la idea básica del estudio presupone la eliminación de barreras entre las disciplinas que estudian los misterios del alma rusa y reconocen la idiomática como la forma principal de expresión cognitiva y discursiva y la existencia de cualquier etnocultura. La cosmovisión rusa es vista como una forma interna realizada de expresión ingenua (ordinaria) del espacio semántico de valor de la cultura autóctona.
Política de información y medios de Internet en el sistema sociopolítico.
Authors: Rahimzade Vugar Ganjali. 
Published: June 2020

Sabemos que la política de información es una actividad de una persona que tiene como objetivo realizar y realizar sus intereses en la sociedad a través de la creación, modificación, preservación y transferencia de todo tipo de información. La política de información es un campo particular de actividad involucrado en la presentación y difusión de información. El propósito de este estudio es enfatizar la importancia de los medios de comunicación que pueden funcionar libremente y desempeñar un papel cada vez más importante en el cambio público. Hoy, los medios pueden ser el garante de la información sobre la estabilidad del estado, el factor estabilizador de la sociedad y, al modificar cualquier organismo social, también determinan la importancia de la política de información de la sociedad.
Desarrollo de poderes para la autorrealización creativa como objeto de investigación interdisciplinaria.
Authors:  Alina A. Kadyrova  , Anfisa N. Ibragimova  , Leona L. Grigorieva. 
Published: June 2020

El propósito del artículo es considerar las formas reales de actualizar la experiencia acumulada en la práctica educativa para estudiar las ideas que profundizan, amplían y elaboran las posibilidades de los enfoques metodológicos modernos para el aprendizaje. El enfoque principal para el estudio de este problema es el estudio de la literatura psicológica y educativa de autores nacionales y extranjeros. El resultado del artículo es comprender que la orientación del valor juega un papel importante en la formación de los estudiantes, mostrar formas prácticas de experiencia laboral en la corriente principal de la práctica educativa en términos de enfoques filosóficos, psicológicos y pedagógicos, cuyas ideas se profundizan, ampliar y concretar las posibilidades de los enfoques metodológicos modernos para el proceso de aprendizaje.