bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lanthanum Modified Catalyst for Efficient Supply of Hydrogen through Dehydrogenation of Organic Chemical Hydrides
Authors: Zhu Gang Li , Chen Tao , Jiang Xue Dong , Zhang Hai Liang , Yang Bo Lun
Published: July 2011

Dehydrogenation process of organic chemical hydrides was improved by modifying the catalyst of nickel-activated carbon (Ni/AC) with lanthanum (La). The catalysts were prepared in impregnation method with different amounts of La and Ni. The textural properties and morphology of catalyst were analyzed by nitrogen adsorption and transmission electron microscope equipped with energy dispersive spectrometer respectively. The effects such as metal content and granule size on the dehydrogenation of cyclohexane were investigated in fixed bed reactor. The results show that the metallic active components can be well dispersed on the support, and the elements analysis indicates the metal species tend to assemble on the surface layer rather than being distributed equally in the whole catalyst. The La modified catalyst LaNi/AC exhibited superior catalytic performance to Ni/AC and the conversion was 45% for LaNi/AC catalyst at 673K, while only 34 % for Ni/AC under the same conditions.
Investigation of Microstructure and Tribological Properties of CrxTi1-XN Composite Films on Piston Rings
Authors: Cai Zhi Hai , Di Yue Lan , He Jia Wu , Zhang Ping
Published: July 2011

In order to increase the service life for piston rings, the (Cr ,Ti) N composite coatings have been successfully synthesized on 65Mn steel substrates by using arc ion plating technology. The influences of Ti content on the deposition velocity, phase structure , surface morphology and hardness of the composite films were investigated. The results showed that the surface roughness will reduce after addition of Ti element. And the hardness, residual stress of CrN films will increase after addition of Ti element. The preferential growth orientation of the composite film changes from CrN (111) to CrN (220). With increasing Ti content, the phase structure of CrTiN films will change from CrN type to TiN type. When the Ti atomic number was 0.62, the hardness of CrTiN composite films reaches the maximum, about 35GPa. Wear test indicate that the fiction of CrTiN films are lower and the wear volume are less than CrN films. The CrTiN composite films performs better than binary CrN films in teams of hardness and wear resistance at high temperature.
SSI Damping System Research Based on Discontinuity of the Motion
Authors: Zhang Zhi Ying , Gao Zhan Chao , Li Ying
Published: July 2011

The Soil-Structure Interaction (SSI) Effect exists everywhere, but the existing researches on actual damping of SSI system are not so sufficient, and the analysis of its real dynamic response becomes unsuitable to engineering applications. In this paper, the possibility of regarding SSI system as classical damping system in linear elastic range is studied. The motion domains and the equation of the dynamic system in each domain are confirmed with respect to boundaries. The research on Shaking Table Test of SSI system is shown as an example of supporting the feasibility of regarding SSI system as classical damping system similarly.
Effect of Target Power and Bias on Adhesive Force of BCN Films
Authors: Bi Kai , Liu Jun , Dai Qi Xun
Published: July 2011

Boron carbon nitride (BCN) is a new type of super-hard material with excellent properties, and is very suitable for use as a wear-resistant protective coating and solid lubricant. In this report, we prepared BCN films on YG8 cemented carbide substrate by magnetron sputtering. The structure and composition of the films were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The adhesiveness of the films was studied by scratch test. Results from these analyses show that BCN films deposited on the YG8 substrate has good adhesion properties. We also demonstrated that target power and substrate bias have a great impact on the adhesiveness of the films, and reasonable process parameters can improve the adhesiveness of the films.
Study on Crystallization Characteristic of 3PE Anti-Corrosion Coating for Steel Pipeline
Authors: Tang Yi Ping , Li Zhi Feng , Hou Guang Ya , Cao Hua Zhen , Zheng Guo Qu
Published: July 2011

Three layers polyethylene (3PE) anti-corrosion coating was widely used in oil or gas transmission pipelines in the world. Special HDPE (SHDPE) was used in the outer layer of 3PE coating, which is very important to the performance of the whole coating system. However, till to now fewer study about SHDPE crystallization have been reported. In this paper, the crystallization characteristic of SHDPE and 3PE coating were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD), modulated differential scanning calorimetry (MDSC). The results showed that, the crystallinity and lamella thickness of SHDPE were decreased with the increase of cooling rate in fabrication process. Middle adhesion layer of 3PE coating accelerated nucleation and improved the crystallinity of the near zone PE layer. The skin region of 3PE coating had lowest crystallinity due to the highest cooling rate, and the crystallinity was increased from skin to core region of 3PE coating.
Electromagnetic Effects and Layer Thickness Influence on Natural Characteristics of Multiferroics Composite Structure
Authors: Yang Zheng Xin , Han Qing Kai
Published: July 2011

Based on the elastic theory of anisotropic materials multilayers, using the finite element method, the dynamic characteristics are investigated for the composite structure which is composed of the electromagnetic multiferroic layer and isotropic metal layer. Firstly, the finite element model of the multilayers structure is built with shell and solid elements capable of contributing anisotropic materials. Then, based on the model analyses, the natural characteristics of the composite structure are obtained with considering the electric-magnetic-elastic effect and the layer thickness. It is also shown that the electromagnetic effects have a certain influence on the natural frequencies vibration patterns, and the thickness of the multiferroic layers has more important influence.
The Research on YAG Laser Welding Porosity of Al-Li Alloy
Authors: Chen Li , Gong Shui Li
Published: July 2011

The laser welding of Aluminum-Lithium alloy (Al-Li) alloy were conducted to investigate the weld porosity features in this paper. The results show that there are two kinds of weld porosity existing for laser welding Aluminum-Lithium alloy sheet. They are can be divided into metallurgical porosity and unstable keyhole porosity according to their different reason causing them. The mechanism of unstable keyhole porosity occurring was discussed according to the results of YAG laser welding processing. The methods how to reduce weld porosity for laser welding of Aluminum-Lithium alloy was also described.
Porosity Formation Mechanisms and Controlling Technique for Laser Penetration Welding
Authors: Yao Wei , Gong Shui Li
Published: July 2011

The distribution and appearance characteristics of porosities in laser penetrated weld of aluminum alloy were observed, and the formation mechanisms of porosities were analyzed in detail, and the influences of twin spot laser energy distribution on porosities were investigated. It showed that there are two kinds of porosities, metallurgical and technologic porosities, in laser penetrated weld of aluminum alloy. The formation of metallurgical porosities is related to the separation, congregation and incorporation of hydrogen in the weld pool, while instantaneous instability of the keyhole is an essential reason for the occurrence of technologic porosities. Twin spot laser energy distribution can enlarge diameters of the opening and the root of the keyhole, improve fluctuating conditions of the wall of the keyhole, increase stability of the keyhole, and consequently decrease technologic porosities in number, but it has no obvious influence on metallurgical porosities.
Study in Motion Control for Adsorption Type Wall-Climbing Robot with Several Legs
Authors: Yu Jin , Yu Min , Huang Guo Qin
Published: July 2011

Aiming at the cleaning operation of high-rise building glass wall, a novel pneumatic wall-climbing robot was developed. According to the configuration and the characteristics analysis on the robot, the kinematics equations were derived and PWM / PFM algorithm was proposed based on PID control. The simulation results show that the motion and control for the robot has advantages of fast speed , flexible movement, strong obstacle avoidance ability and simple control features, and so on.
Effects of Negative Bias Voltage on Structure and Mechanical Properties of DLC Films Synthesized by FCVA Deposition
Authors: Wen Feng , Huang N. , Jing F.J. , Sun H. , Cao Y.
Published: July 2011

Diamond-like carbon (DLC) films have been given great attention in the last twenty years and applied in many fields due to its super mechanical property. In this paper, DLC films were prepared by filter cathodic vacuum arc (FCVA) deposition under different negative bias voltage. No spalling was found in all of as-prepared DLC films. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Raman spectra were employed to analyze composition and structure, the results showed that as-prepared DLC films had tendency of graphite with increase of negative bias voltage. Mechanical properties were characterized by micro-hardness and pin-on disc tests, the results showed that the hardness of DLC films decreased with bias voltage, but still kept good wear resistant.
Study of Nanocrystalline ZnO and Zn2TiO4 Film Electrode with ZnPc Dye and PbS Quantum Dots Composite Sensitization
Authors: Wang Qing , Zhang Xiao Nan , Huo Xiao Di , Zhang Ren Hui , Dai Jian Feng
Published: July 2011

Nanocrystalline ZnO and Zn2TiO4 porous film electrodes were prepared by sol-gel method and spin coating method, and the nanocrystalline porous films were characterized by XRD and SEM. Using ZnPc dye and PbS quantum dots as sensitizers. The nanocrystalline film electrodes of ZnO series and Zn2TiO4 series were prepared separately, and their absorption characteristics observed by UV-vis spectrophotometer. The results showed that ZnPc dye and PbS quantum dots could well sensitize the film electrodes, and the effect of ZnPc dye and PbS quantum dots composite sensitization was optimal. Then, the solar cells were fabricated. In simulation sunlight, the overall photoelectric conversion efficiency by Zn2TiO4/Q-PbS/ZnPc electrode increased by 22%, relative to the ZnO/Q-PbS/ZnPc electrode’s.
Isothermal Physical Aging of Poly(ethyl methacrylate)/Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsequioxanes Nanocomposite Thin Films
Authors: Jin Sil Ro , Lee Jong Keun
Published: July 2011

The effects of the polyhedral oligomeric silsequioxanes (POSS) in stacked poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) film samples were investigated in two different film thicknesses, ~50 and ~660 nm. The types of the POSS include methacryl-, octaisobutyl-, and octasilane-POSS. The glass transition temperature (Tg) and isothermal physical aging was depressed by the reduction of film thickness. Among POSS molecules used in this work, methacryl-POSS was the greatest effect in both Tg and relaxation enthalpy (DHRelax) due to the physical aging. The Kohlrausch-Williams-Watts (KWW) relaxation function was used to further understand the effect of POSS and film thickness on the physical aging.
Laser-Induced Thermoelectric Voltage in La0.5Pr0.5MnO3 Thin Film
Authors: Hua Qian Qian , Zhang Li Sheng , Wang Pei Jie
Published: July 2011

The laser-induced thermoelectric voltage was observed for the first time in praseodymium doped LaMnO3 thin film grown on LaAlO3 single crystal vicinal cut substrates by pulsed laser deposition. The experimental data for La0.5Pr0.5MnO3 showed a good liner relation between the voltage and the laser energy. The result suggested that the anisotropic Seebeck effect were responsible for the voltage signals in colossal magnetoresistance manganites thin film.
Investigation of High Emissivity Coatings Prepared by Plasma Spraying
Authors: Wang Can , Wang Quan Sheng , Ning Xian Jin , Du Zhong , Liu Yan Bo , Gu Ping
Published: July 2011

In this study, the feedstock powder for plasma spray was prepared by spray drying and post-sintering at 1360 °C using raw metal oxides. The high emissivity coating was deposited by air plasma spraying (APS). The microstructure, phase structure, flowability and bulk density of the plasma sprayed powder were characterized. The microstructure, bond strength and infrared emissivity of the high emissivity coating were also analyzed in this paper. The results reveal that the feedstock powder present good flowability of 42.36 (sp50g) with the bulk density of 1.94 gpml and is suitable for plasma spraying. A dense coating with the bond strength of 39.6MPa and the porosity less than 5 percent was prepared successfully. The normal emissivity of the coating in all waveband is 0.88 at 300°C and 0.87 at 600°C.
Performance Analysis on CRA-Clad Pipes Extruded from Bimetallic Centrifugal Castings
Authors: Li Fa Gen , Wei Bin , Bai Zhen Quan , Zhao Xue Hui
Published: July 2011

Recently a new method for manufacturing bimetal clad pipes is introduced, which can integrate centrifugal casting with extrusion technology organically. Through experimental study on microstructure and properties of bimetallic clad pipes manufactured by centrifugal casting and extruding, the results indicates that bimetal clad pipes with intact metallurgical interface have good bonding properties. Meanwhile wider interfacial zone will be favorable for reducing deformation stress. However there are still a few technical difficulties about the bimetallic clad pipe. Due to chemical composition and properties difference between backing materials and CRA layer, chemical elements will spread and microstructure will change during the process of production and even mechanical behavior of backing metal pipe and corrosion resistance of CRA layer will decline. To meet application requirements, appropriate heat treatment with bimetal clad pipes seems vita.
The Preparation and Electromagnetic Properties of Nickel-Zinc Ferrite Thin Films
Authors: Wang Yan , Huang Ying , Wang Qiu Fen
Published: July 2011

Compared polyvinyl alcohol with citric acid as complexing agent, nanocrystalline nickel-zinc ferrite thin films were prepared by sol-gel method and dip-coating process under different temperature. The phase composition, morphology, magnetic properties and electromagnetic properties of nanocrystalline nickel-zinc ferrite thin films were studied by X-ray diffractometer (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) and vector network analyzer. The results show polyvinyl alcohol is the proper complexing agent for the preparation of nanocrystalline nickel-zinc ferrite thin films, which is stacked with sheet crystals and average diameter of about 20nm. The maximum saturation magnetization, the remanence magnetization and the coercivity of prepared nickel-zinc ferrite thin films are 39.38 emu/g, 11.47emu/g and 182.82 Oe, respectively. Through studying the microwave-absorbing properties of thin films, the maximal absorption quantity is determined at 9.2 GHz.
Surface Modification Mechanism of Parylene C Film by Solution of Sodium-Naphthalene Complex
Authors: Zhang Li Sheng , Zhou Yuan Lin , Sun Ya Hui , Bao Hong Bo
Published: July 2011

In this article,we report the results obtained from a study adopting solution of sodium naphthalene complex to modify the poly(chloro-p-xylylene)(parylene C) thin film.In this work,the function group and the crystal structure of the film before and after modifying are characterized separately with Attenuated Total Reflection Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy(ATR- FTIR)and X-ray diffraction(XRD).The result of test shows that the bond of carbon(C) and chlorine(Cl) is damaged;The crystalline of the film reduces,and the NaCl crystal exist on the film surface.The surface energy of the film is increased from 28.64mJ/m2 to 41.48mJ/m2.The generalized analysis result indicated that nucleophilic reagent destructs the C-Cl bond on the benzene ring, the chlorine(Cl) atom on the benzene ring and the sodium ion in modified reagent forms the sodium chloride which adheres to the film surface.
Preparation and Research of Ferroelectric Properties of Fabricated Thin Film by Doping La and Nd to Bi4Ti3O12
Authors: Guo Shu Lan , Li Jia , Xu Xue Dong
Published: July 2011

Ferroelectric thin films Bi3.25La0.75Ti3O12,Bi3.15Nd0.85Ti3O12 and Bi3.15(La0.5Nd0.5)0.85Ti3O12 of A-site substitution of Bi4Ti3O12 were fabricated by sol-gel method in the paper. X-ray diffraction pattern shows the prepared thin films exhibit a highly random orientation with predominantly (117) and (00l) orientation. Pr values of Bi3.25La0.75Ti3O12 、Bi3.15Nd0.85Ti3O12 and Bi3.15(La0.5Nd0.5)0.85Ti3O12 thin films were respectively 13.14μC/cm2, 20.65μC/cm2 and 21.23μC/cm2 at the voltage of 10V.FE-SEM shows that the BNT thin film has a dense and homogeneous microstructure without any crack. The BNT thin film thickness is about 300nm.
The Dielectric and Tunable Properties of Graded Fe Doped PST Thin Films Fabricated by Sol-Gel Method
Authors: Sun Xiao Hua , Li Xiu Neng , Zhou Sheng Gang , Hou Shuang , Peng Tian You , Zhao Xing Zhong
Published: July 2011

Fe doped up-graded and down-graded PST thin films were prepared on Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si with sol–gel method. Crystal structure and surface morphology of graded PST thin films were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and atom force microscope (AFM). The dielectric measurements were conducted on metal-insulator-metal capacitors at the frequency from 100 Hz to 1M Hz and at room temperature. It was found that the up-graded PST thin film had a larger dielectric constant and lower figure of merit (FOM) than the down-graded film. At 1M Hz, the tunability of up-graded PST thin film was about 65.48%, which was higher than that (about 41.84%) of down-graded PST thin film. The FOM of up-graded and down-graded PST thin films were 16.3 and 9.2, respectively. Our results showed that the dielectric tunable properties of the Fe doped graded PST films depended strongly on the direction of the composition gradient of the graded PST films.
Improvement of Atomic-Layer-Deposited Al2O3/GaAs Interface Quality through a Novel Sulfuration Method
Authors: Tan Ge Ming , Sun Qing Qing , Lu Hong Liang , Wang Peng Fei , Ding Shi Jin , Zhang Wei
Published: July 2011

The absence of stable oxide/GaAs interface greatly holds back the step of GaAs-based MOSFETs fabrication. In this letter, we report on the chemical passivation of n-type GaAs surface by introducing a new sulfuration method. X-ray photon-electron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses indicate that most GaAs native oxides and elemental arsenic (As) can be more effectively removed by treating the GaAs surface in CH3CSNH2 solution compared to the traditional (NH4)2S solution. Capacitance-Voltage characteristics of the CH3CSNH2 treated MOS capacitors also presents reduced interfacial layer and equivalent oxide thickness which are well consisted with the conclusion obtained by XPS.
Process Optimization and Application of Supported Nano-Photocatalytic Materials
Authors: Gao Shui Jing , Zhang Wen Li , Hou Gui Qin
Published: July 2011

Melt Phase-splitting[1] method was a new one of preparing supported nano-photocatalytic materials.The nano TiO2 prepared loaded to the porous glass carrier. In this study,the technology of preparing nano TiO2 by melt phase-splitting method was Optimization, also doing doping modifcation on them. Using nano TiO2 photocatalyst to do photocatalytic degradation test on formaldehyde.The result had shown that: the degradation efficiency of the catalyst containing ZnO was higher than that free of ZnO. The rate of degradation of formaldehyde of the catalyst free of ZnO could reached 58.7% in 8 hours, but that of the catalyst containing was only 53.3%. Using fluorescent lamps as the light source,the photocatalytic efficiency of the catalyst free of ZnO could reached 43.2%.
Experimental and Numerical Study of Double Containment Joint Having Circular Cross-Section Support
Authors: Al Samhan Ali M.
Published: July 2011

Bonded structure are commonly of three types, purely adhesive bonded, weld-bonded and adhesive/mechanical structures. Present work concern with experimental set-up of double containment joint with circular cross-section support using photoelasticity techniques. The experimental results were found to be within 5% when compared with the numerical analysis.
Study on Vibration Assisted Heat Transfer for Isonlated Fins
Authors: Park Kuen Tae , Kim Dong Kwon , Lee Jin Woo , Lee Moon G. , Kim Hyun Jung
Published: July 2011

Energy deficiency and heat generation are key problems for electronics of mobile devices such as smart phone, portable multi-media player, and MP3 player. Generally, they adopt lithium-ion battery which has the degradation of voltage quality and inefficient energy consumption under high temperature caused by heat dissipation from the electronics. The elevated operating temperature makes the battery’s lifetime shorter. To overcome the problems, heat sink with fins are usually attached to the electronic devices for reducing the temperature by efficient heat transfer. The fins are slender beams which can be vibrated easily by transverse force. Therefore, it is possible to increase heat transfer rate by vibrating the fins. Prior research work reported that the transverse vibration results in higher heat dissipation. However, they have focused on not the single isolated fins but the crowded fins. In this paper, the experimental investigation for vibration-assisted isolated fins is presented. The vibration is engaged by a shaker that gives external harmonic excitation force with the wide span of frequency. Also the frequency response of the fin is investigated under a room and elevated temperature of the fin. The heating power and temperature of the fin are measured for the cases with and without vibration. Thermal resistance from the heater to fin is key performance index to evaluate the heat dissipation capability. The effective vibration conditions to enhance the heat transfer are discussed. The result showed that the vibration-assisted fin dissipates more heat from the source than the non vibration-assisted one. Therefore, it can be expected that the vibration-assisted fin can be applied to improve the performance of the mobile electronics and even make longer the battery’s lifetime.
Application of Whey Soy Proteins Waste Water in Beverages
Authors: Yin Guo You , Sun Jie
Published: July 2011

Application of whey soy proteins to wastewater processing and beverages were investigated under different conditions.Decoloration and deflavoring eficiency were determined using activated carbon under different temperature,and desalination with ion exchange resins and trypsin inhibitor activity(TIA)was investigated when tested in Sucrose addition and Citric acid addition.The experimental results of whey soy proteins wastewater pretreatment showed that the best conditions of decoloration de-flavoring were:10% of activated carbon,50°C of temperature,adsorption time for 40 min,and the best condition of desalination was 4.28mL/min of flux using ion exchanging resin.
Simulation Research on the Four-Nozzle Flapper Valve Based on GMA
Authors: Wang Xiao Lu , Zhu Yu Chuan , Cheng Qing Feng , Li Yue Song , Xu Hong Xiang
Published: July 2011

Nozzle-flapper type electro-hydraulic servo valve operated by torque motor has been widely used in industrial applications. As their bandwidths are limited, they are not suitable for high-speed applications. This paper presents a novel nozzle flapper valve driven by the giant magnetostrictive actuator, which has been designed and integrated into the four-nozzle flapper valve to replace the torque motor. And the influence of involved structural parameters on the dynamics of the actuator and the nozzle flapper valve is analyzed by AMESim. The simulation results can provide an important reference and basis for the optimization and design of the four-nozzle flapper valve.
Calculating the Phase Equilibria of Al Rich Al-Cu-Mg Alloys
Authors: He Zhi , Li Lan Yun , Liu Yong Qin
Published: July 2011

This paper investigates a new method, the Levenberg-Marquardt method, to calculate the phase equilibria of the Al-Cu-Mg ternary alloys. The Levenberg-Marquardt method is the best algorithm to obtain the least-square solution of non-linear equations. Its application to ternary Al-Cu-Mg system is executed in detail in this paper. The calculated phase equilibria agrees well with the experimental results. Furthermore, the Levenberg-Marquardt method is not sensitive to the initial values.
Annealing Temperature Effect on the Microstructure and Adhesion of SiC Films Produced by MF Magnetron Sputtering
Authors: Li Yang Yang , Hao Jun Jie , Pang Xiao Lu
Published: July 2011

SiC films were prepared by mid-frequency (MF) magnetron sputtering with graphite and poly-silicon targets on polycrystalline Al2O3 substrate. XPS analysis shows that the ratio of C/Si may change from 3.24 to 1.21 by adjusting the distance between target and substrate. SEM and XRD were used to investigate the surface morphology and microstructure of SiC films changing with annealing temperature. Results show that the microstructure of SiC started to be crystallized when the annealing temperature run up to 1200°C, and the film adhesion increased from 31N to 53N with the temperature changing from as-deposited to 1200 °C annealing, respectively.
Characterization of Ti-Al-N Films Deposited by Cathodic Vacuum Arc with Different N2 Partial Pressure
Authors: Zhang G.P , Wang X.Q , Lv G.H , Chen H , Pang H , Zhou L , Huang J , Chen W , Yang S.Z
Published: July 2011

A series of Ti-Al-N films were deposited on silicon wafer and steel substrates by cathodic vacuum arc technique in N2/Ar gas mixtures, using a compound Ti(50):Al(50) target. The chemical composition, crystalline microstructure, film deposition rate and surface morphology of the films were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscope (SEM) coupled with an energy dispersive X-ray analysis system (EDX), respectively. The hardness and Young’s modulus, wear performance and corrosion behavior of the Ti-Al-N (multi-phase) films at different N2 partial pressure were analyzed and explained on the basis of microstructure, mechanical properties and wear mechanisms.
Annealing Effects on Microstructure and Thermoelectric Properties of Bi2(Te0.95Se0.05)3 Thin Films Prepared by Flash Evaporation Method
Authors: Duan Xing Kai , Jiang Yue Zhen
Published: July 2011

N-type Bi2(Te0.95Se0.05)3 thermoelectric thin films with thickness 800 nm have been deposited on glass substrates by flash evaporation method at 473 K. The structures, morphology of the thin films were characterized by X-ray diffraction and field emission scanning electron microscope, respectively. Thermoelectric properties of the thin films have been evaluated by measurements of Seebeck coefficient and electrical resistivity at 300 K. Annealing effect on Seebeck coefficient and electrical resistivity of the thin films was examined in the temperature range 373–573 K. When annealed at 473 K for 1 h, Seebeck coefficient and electrical resistivity are –180 μV/K and 2.7 mΩcm, respectively. Thermoelectric power factor is improved to 12 µW/cmK2.
Dielectric Tunability of Mn Doped Pb0.3Sr0.7TiO3 Multilayered Thin Films Prepared by Sol-Gel Method
Authors: Sun Xiao Hua , Zhou Sheng Gang , Luo Zhi Meng , Hou Shuang , Peng Tian You , Zhao Xing Zhong
Published: July 2011

Pb0.3Sr0.7TiO3 (PST) and 4.5 mol% Mn doped Pb0.3Sr0.7TiO3 (PSTMn) thin films as well as PST/PSTMn/PST/PSTMn/PST (ML-a) and PSTMn/PST/PSTMn/PST/PSTMn (ML-b) multilayered thin films have been fabricated on Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si substrate with sol–gel method. The structure and surface morphology of PST, PSTMn, ML-a and ML-b thin films were investigated by x-ray diffraction (XRD) and atom force microscopy (AFM). The dielectric measurements were conducted on metal-insulator-metal capacitors at the frequency from 100 Hz to 1M Hz and at room temperature. It was found that the surface microstructure of multilayered thin films is influenced by deposition sequence and the dielectric constant and tunability of two multilayered thin films lie between that of PST and PSTMn thin films. However, two multilayered thin films have higher the figure of merit (FOM) for lower dielectric loss. The FOM of PST and PSTMn single-component films as well as ML-a and Ml-b multilayered films are 14.2, 14.6, 16.3 and 20.2, respectively. Our results showed that multilayer structure can improve the comprehensive dielectric tunable performance of PST film.
Comparative Studies on the Corrosion Protection Effect of Different Ions Selective Polyaniline Coatings
Authors: Dong Yu Hua , Liu Ya Nan , Zhou Qiong
Published: July 2011

Different kinds of dopants were selected to dope polyaniline by chemical oxidative polymerization in this paper. Major characteristic peaks and microstructure of the doped polyaniline were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Measurement of membrane potential indicated that polyaniline doped with protonic acid such as sulfosalicylic acid (SSA) and hydrochloric acid (HCl) had characteristic of anionic selectivity, and polyaniline doped with cationic surfactant hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) had characteristic of cationic selectivity. Doped polyaniline was added to the epoxy resin to obtain different ions selective coatings, such as anionic coating, cationic coating and bipolar coating. Results of electrochemical test in 5% potassium chloride (KCl) solution (at 60 °C) showed that anti-corrosion performance of the bipolar coating is better than that of cationic coating, and performance of the cationic coating is better than that of anionic coating. And the coatings contained HCl-doped polyaniline had better protection performance than those of SSA-doped because of its micro appearance and distribution.
Research on Weak Leak Detection of Boiler Tubes under Strong Background Noise
Authors: An Lian Suo , Tong Peng , Jiang Gen Shan
Published: July 2011

In plant, the main factor affecting power unit is the boiler, which mainly has the problem as unplanned outage caused by the leakage of water-cooled wall, superheater, reheater, economizer. So it is very meaningful and important to discover the problem of weak leakage of compression and heating surface of boiler and give the alarm in an early phase so as to figure out recondition method and reduce the recondition time. In this paper the deep research on acoustic features of background noise produced by boiler tube leakage and spectrum features of leak noise are presented to provide assistance for accurate location of the boiler leakage in the future.
Fabrication and Characterization of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Anode with Impregnated Catalytic Ni-CeO2 Nano-Particles on 8YSZ Fibers
Authors: Chou Chen Chia , Huang Chun Feng , Chen Min Jen
Published: July 2011

Development of a solid oxide fuel cell anode by impregnating catalytic Ni and Ni-CeO2 nano-particles on 8YSZ fiber structure was carried out in this work. The nano-scale 8YSZ fibers were successfully fabricated by the electrospinning process and were well matched with the 8YSZ electrolyte. The experimental results demonstrated that the Ni/8YSZ anode with nano-8YSZ fibers, which impregnated with 3M nickel nitrate, decreases the polarization resistance and increases the exchange current density. However, the lowest polarization resistance and the highest exchange current density are observed in Ni/8YSZ fibers anode by adding nano-ceria particle from 5 wt.% to 10 wt.%. It is attributed to that the grain growth of Ni particle has been constrained by modifying appropriate amount of ceria particle to reduce the obstruction of diffusion path of fuel gas and to enhance the amount of triple phase boundary (TPB). On the other hand, 8YSZ nano-fibers provide a stabilized porous structure of the anode. Accordingly, nano-CeO2 particle provides storing and releasing of oxygen ion to improve the catalytic performance of nano-Ni modified 8YSZ fiber anode
Preparation and Characterization of NiO/YSZ Cathode and BSCF/SDC Anode of SOEC for Hydrogen Production
Authors: Yu Bo , Wen Ming Fen
Published: July 2011

In this paper, NiO-YSZ composite powder was synthesized via in situ urea combustion method to prepare high homogeneity cathode. Sm0.2Ce0.8O1.9 (SDC) is used as a barrier interlayer between Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3-δ (BSCF) anode and 8YSZ electrolyte to avoid solid state interaction for high temperature application. The crystal structure and surface morphologies of NiO, YSZ, BSCF and SDC powders were characterized, respectively. The optimization of technological conditions for the synthesis was investigated. The adding amount was calculated by the combustion reaction equation. BSCF-SDC/YSZ/Ni-YSZ single button cells were prepared and the related electrochemical performances were test at 850°C. The research results showed that the products were well crystallized with NiO coating on YSZ particles. The optimized addition of CO(NH2)2 to Ni(NO3)2 was 2:1. A SOEC single cell made from NiO-YSZ with the molar ratio of 2:1 composite powder exhibited better performance than the other samples with the electrolytic voltage of 0.98V and showed excellent durability under the electrolytic currency of 0.33 A/cm2, the input stream of 90%H2O+10%H2. The hydrogen production rate of the single SOEC using BSCF/SDC can be up to 196.6 mL·cm-2h-1, which indicates that it could be a potential candidate for the future application of SOEC technology.
Simulation Researches of PEMFC Based on ANSYS / FLUENT
Authors: Ni Hong Jun , Hu Qing Qing , Wang Xing Xing , Li Zhi Yang
Published: July 2011

The internal mass transfer and the distribution of each component in proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), including the hydrogen-oxygen proton exchange membrane fuel cell (H2-O2 PEMFC) and direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC), have great effects on the life and performance of cell. Simulation with software is one of the most important research methods. In this paper, the recent researches on the working conditions of PEMFC modeled with commercial software ANSYS / FLUENT are summarized, and on the basis, new visions for further study about abnormal fuel cells are brought forward.
Studies of Half-Cell for Anode Supported SOFC after Reduction
Authors: Wang Xia , Wang Feng Hui
Published: July 2011

The performance of half-cell for anode supported Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFCs) is necessary to wide use of SOFCs. This work is to study the reduction degree of anode and the residual stress changes that occur during hydrogen reduction on the different temperatures and in different times. The porosity of the specimens with oxidation is less than that of the reduction one. There is no Ni phase in the sample before hydrogen reduction. After hydrogen reduction on 1000°C for 6 hours, there is no NiO phase in the sample. It reveals the NiO has been reduced into Ni completely. We also investigate residual stresses in the electrolyte layer using X-ray diffraction. The residual stress value of electrolyte is about -844.1MPa before reduction. After hydrogen reduction on 800°C for 9 hours, the residual stress is decreased to -474.8MPa. So the reduction temperature can choose as 600°C and the reduction time can choose as 9 hours.
Synthesis and Properties of Sulfonated Polyimide/Polybenzimidazole Cross-Linked Membranes for Fuel Cell Applications
Authors: Xia Zi Jun , Xu Hong , Guo Xiao Xia , Fang Jian Hua
Published: July 2011

A series of cross-linked proton exchange membranes with the ion exchange capacities (IECs) of 0.70 - 1.52 meq/g have been prepared via the reaction of the anhydride-terminated sulfonated polyimide oligomers (SPI-3, SPI-5 and SPI-7, here the figure refers to the averaged block length) and the polybenzimidazole with pendant amino groups (H2N-PBI) in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) during the membrane cast process. The prepared cross-linked membranes showed high tensile strength (55 - 80 MPa) and good water stability (> 2 months in deionized water at 100 °C). Fenton’s test revealed that all the cross-linked membranes displayed significantly better radical oxidative stability than the corresponding pure SPIs. This is attributed to the presence of the highly oxidative-stable PBI component in the cross-linked membranes. The proton conductivities of the cross-linked membranes increased with increasing temperature and relative humidity. The cross-linked membrane prepared from the longest oligomer (SPI-7) displayed the highest proton conductivity which is comparable to that of Nafion 117.
Effects of Cold-Rolled Deformation on the Electrochemical Performance of Al Anode Materials
Authors: He Jun Guang , Wen Jiu Ba , Li Xu Dong
Published: July 2011

The influence of cold rolled deformation on the electrochemical properties of Al anode materials in 4 mol L-1 KOH solutions was investigated by electrochemical tests and metallographic observation. The results indicate that cold rolled process could improve the electrochemical performance of Al anode alloys compared with that of as-cast alloy. With the increase of deformation, the self-corrosion rate and hydrogen evolution rate of Al anode decreased firstly and then increased slightly. The alloy with 80% cold rolling reduction had the lower self-corrosion and hydrogen evolution rate, longer discharge time and good electrochemical performance.
Research of Rough Structure of Superhydrophobic Film
Authors: Zheng Zhan Shen , Li Rui Jiao , Yan Pei Qi , Yang Rong , Li Peng
Published: July 2011

Superhydrophobic film was fabricated mainly by ethyl silicate (TEOS) and ethanol (EtOH) using sol-gel method. SiO2 gel and samples coated with SiO2 sol were calcined at different temperatures, and their morphology and composition were studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results indicate that increasing calcining temperature appropriately improved the bond of nanoparticles of film successfully. Furthermore, there were only amorphous SiO2 and hydroxyl existing in the calcined film which would be benefit for the further modification.
Effect of Channel Depth of PEM Fuel Cell on its Peformance
Authors: Jin Zheng Nan , Sun Hong , Zhao Sheng Nan , Liu Qian
Published: July 2011

The electrode structure, especially for the channel depth, plays an important role on the performance of the proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell. In this paper, the performance and electrochemical impedance of the PEM fuel cell are measured experimentally. The simulation results of mass transfer and equivalent circuit for the electrochemical impedance are used to explain the effect of the channel depth on the performance of the PEM fuel cell. These results show that when the cell temperature is lower than the gas humidification temperatures, the performance of PEM fuel cell with the channel depth of 2mm is better than that of 1mm; there is more liquid water saturation in cathode for the channel depth of 1mm than that for the channel depth of 2mm. The charge transfer resistance of the PEM fuel cell with the channel depth of 2mm is less than that with the channel depth of 1mm. These results are very helpful to optimizing structure of the PEM fuel cell.
Performance of Electrically Conductive Fabrics Based on Polyester/Metal Wire Wrapped Yarns
Authors: Li Feng Yan , Yan Si Yu , Cheng Xian Wen
Published: July 2011

Electrically conductive fabrics were prepared with interlacing polyester yarns and wrapped yarn of polyester/NiCr filament. The wrapped yarns are lined in different distance along filling direction, and the effect of distance on electrically conductivity of fabrics with plain weave is analyzed. In addition, wearing properties including fabric thickness and air permeability of such fabrics are also tested. The results show that surface charge density decrease with number increase of wrapped yarns in filling direction. When wrapped yarns are arranged at 3 yarns/ 6 cm for twill weave, the fabric density and air permeability increase with fabric density.
Study on the Properties and Application of Optim™ Fine Fibers
Authors: Yao Jiang Wei , Yu Weidong
Published: July 2011

Optim™ fine is a new generation of ultrafine wool fibres, which are transformed by stretching and setting from merino wool. The Optim™ fine retains some of the physical and chemical properties of merino wool, but the morphology and other properties changes, such as the diameter, length, lusture, breaking extension and shrinkage. These changes results in the performance difference btween the fabric woven from Optim™ fine and fine wool fiber. To clearly understande the reason of the difference, the morphological and physical properties changes of Optim™ fine was examined in this paper, and the performance difference between wool fabric and Optim™ fine fabric was evaluated by Fabric Assurance by Simple Testing(FAST). It was found that the decreasing in breaking extension and increasing in shrinkage of Optim™ fine resulted in the declining in formability and dimensional stability of Optim™ fine fabric. Suggestions on the ways of constructing Optim™ fine into fabric were also given according to the anlysis of relationship between the properties changes of Optim™ fine fiber and that of its fabric.
Study on Acid Hydrolysis of Cationic Starch
Authors: Zhang Hao , Wang Rui , Wang Jian Kun
Published: July 2011

Cationic starch is a kind of sizing agent which have good prospect of application, but its high viscosity limits its use. In this work low substitution degree cationic starch (DS=0.03) was hydrolyzed with HCL to reduce the viscosity. The acidolysis factors on cationic starch viscosity such as reaction time, reaction temperature and concentration of HCL has been studied. The results revealed that the optimum reaction condition was 1.83% HCL for dry cationic starch, under 55°C for 5 hours, the product viscosity was 11.5mpa.s. By choosing different process parameters can get products of series viscosities.
The Optimised Technological Parameters for Electrospun PMIA Nano-Scale Fibers
Authors: He Bin , Pan Zhi Juan
Published: July 2011

Poly（m-phenyleneisophthalamide）(PMIA) has been widely applied in special protective clothing, high temperature filter materials, electrical insulating materials and honeycomb structure wainscoting materials, etc. for its excellent properties. Most of the studies focused on micron fibers at present, however, there were little researches on PMIA nanofibers obtained by electrospinning. PMIA solution was prepared by putting it into the LiCl/DMAc solvent systems and subsequently heating it. Consequently the effect of temperatures on the solubility, the viscosity and conductivity were analysed. PMIA nanofiber mats were obtained by electrospinning. Morphologies and diameter distributions in different electrospinning processes were studied. The processing parameters included spinning solution concentration, voltage, collecting spinning distance (C-SD). Finally the optimized parameters were achieved as follows: dissolve temperature 90°C, spinning solution concentration 12wt%, high voltage 23 kv, C-SD 11 cm.
Effect of Far-Infrared Pre-Heat Treatment and Adding Methylenediphenylisocyanate(MDI) on Adhesion Bonding between Reinforcement and Rubber of Conveyer Belt
Authors: Hsing Wen Hao , Huang Yuan Jyun , Wang Yi Kui , Lin Ming Zheng
Published: July 2011

This research of the PET/Nylon fabric pre-treatment by far-infrared and adding Methylenediphenylisocyanate(MDI) to 0%、2%、4%、6% and 8%. According to fabric absorption medicament effect and bonding strength content analyzing. Heating 20 seconds, after stop 10 seconds and then heat 20 seconds and add 8% Methylenediphenylisocyanate(MDI) is the beast treatment, fabric-fabric adhesion strength is 16.73 kgf, fabric-rubber adhesion strength is 18.70 kgf, fabric-fabric and fabric-rubber adhesion strength that improve 54.6%、69.6%.
Development of Single Sheet Tester System for Magnetic Materials Under Tensile Stress
Authors: Chen Jun Quan , Wang Dong
Published: July 2011

Applied mechanical stress has a strong influence on magnetic properties of material. The aim of this paper is to discuss key technology of establishing an experimental platform for measuring magnetic properties of electrical sheet under tensile stress. Finally, measurement result of stress dependence of the magnetic characteristic under different applied stress is presented. Some conclusions about the stress-dependent magnetic behavior is also given in this paper.
Far-Infrared Emission of Filled Fabric by Sweat
Authors: Hsing Wen Hao , Yang Wei Jay , Hsing Ya Lan
Published: July 2011

In this experiment, use of far infrared filled fabric of instillation of sweat on the man the purpose of detecting artificial sweat on the far-infrared radiation rate of fiber influence and change the fiber type, weight, the proportion of artificial sweat to detect far-infrared radiation rate of thick fabrics change. The results showed that the infrared fiber’s radiation rate of cotton fiber to be higher about 0.07. Far-infrared on a thick layer of fabric at the instillation of 3% weight, 6% of the weight, 9% of the weight of artificial sweat, its far-infrared radiation rate would be the relationship between the rapid decline due to sweat, but with the artificial sweat evaporation, radiation will slow the rate of rise, Another far-infrared fiber samples of 3g weights repeated titration sweat, the far-infrared fiber samples of the far-infrared radiation rate will be increased about 0.005 ~ 0.007
Adhesion between PET/Nylon Fabrics and Rubber by RFL with the Solution of Different Proportion
Authors: Hsing Wen Hao , Yeh Chuang Ting , Lin Ming Cheng
Published: July 2011

In this study, to change the proportion of 20%、21% RFL solution content, and in which compounds were added 7%, 8% of the IL-6 conditions, in the different EP100, EP200, EP300 fabrics, testing adhesion strength the changes between of fabric and fabric, fabric and rubber, respectively, for different concentrations under the conditions, observed in viscosity variations of the RFL solution. The results indicate that, the viscosity of RFL solution will increase with the ratio improve and the concentration of IL-6 conditions, in 21% RFL solution content and adding 8% of the IL-6 can reach the best results, EP 100 fabric and fabric of the adhesion strength is 21.24kgf, the adhesion strength of fabric and rubber is 28.09 kgf.
The Approach of Electrode Materials on Electroluminescent Fabric
Authors: Hsing Wen Hao , Chuang Ting , Chen Pei Jing , Lee Nien Ting
Published: July 2011

The purpose of this study is to make an electroluminescent fabric, through the dip-coating method, use different layer materials in turns to coating on the conductive fabric, so that the final shape of the fabric can through the electroluminescence principle to achieve the effect of light on the surface. According to the dip-coating procedure, the resin materials in this study are BT2100, phosphor adding with ITK5517, ITK5517, and the outer electrode layer. To confirm the effect of dip-coating method, in the beginning of the study, for each resin material layer and electrode layer (ITO / PET, poly-3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (PEDOT: PSS), poly-aniline (PANI)) to discussed the coating uniformity and stiffness etc. on the fabric. After the practice to be established, than estimate the polymer of the surface, it is mainly to mixed in different proportions within PEDOT:PSS and PANI, to fill up the defects of conductive interface in the coating method with PEDOT:PSS, through the good surface adhesion of PANI, than make it become more suitable electrode on the electroluminescent fabric. In experimental results, we found that dip-coating can truly achieve the uniform distribution of each sol on the fabric, to obtain better uniformity on the surface, and then the mixture ratio of PEDOT: PSS and PANI in 2:1 and 3:1 , will have the best brightness(17.38lux, 19.86lux) and light uniformity(83.5%, 85.5%).