bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On the initial down-slope propagation of a lock-release particle-driven gravity current: shallow-water predictions and comparisons with previously published data
Authors: Ungarish M.
Published: December 2024

We consider the initial ‘slumping phase’ of a lock-release gravity current (GC) on a down slope with focus on particle-driven (turbidity) flows, in the inertia–buoyancy (large Reynolds number) and Boussinesq regime. We use a two-layer shallow-water (SW) model for the depth-averaged variables, and compare the predictions with previously published experimental data. In particular, we analyse the empirical conclusion of Gadal et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 974, 2023, A4) that the slumping displays a constant speed for a significant range of slopes and particle-sedimentation speeds. We emphasize the physical definition of the slumping phase (stage): the adjustment process during which (a) the fluid in the lock is set into motion by the dam break, then (b) forms a tail from the backwall to the nose. We focus on the question of if and when the propagation speed

$u_N$

of the nose (front) of the GC is constant during this process (there is consensus that a significant deceleration of

$u_N$

appears in the post-slumping stage.) The SW theory predicts correctly the adjustment of the flow field during the slumping stage, but indicates that a constant

$u_N$

appears only for the classical case (

$\gamma =E=c_D=\beta =0$

) where

$\gamma, E, c_D, \beta$

are the slope, entrainment and drag coefficients, and the scaled particle settling speed for a particle-driven GC. However, since

$\gamma, E, c_D, \beta$

are typically small, the change of

$u_N$

during the slumping phase is also small in many cases of interest. The interaction between the various driving and hindering mechanisms is elucidated. We show that, in a system with a horizontal (open) top (typical laboratory experiments), the height of the ambient increases along the slope, and this compensates for buoyancy loss due to particle sedimentation. We point out the need for further experimental and simulation studies for a better understanding of the slumping phase and transition to the next phases, and further assessment/improvement of the SW predictions.
What Is Perceived When Race Is Perceived and Why It Matters for Causal Inference and Discrimination Studies
Authors: Hu Lily , Kohler-Hausmann Issa
Published: December 2024

Quantifying the causal effects of race is one of the more controversial and consequential endeavors to have emerged from the causal revolution in the social sciences. The predominant view within the causal inference literature defines the effect of race as the effect of race perception and commonly equates this effect with “disparate treatment” racial discrimination. If these concepts are indeed equivalent, the stakes of these studies are incredibly high as they stand to establish or discredit claims of discrimination in courts, policymaking circles and public opinion. This paper interrogates the assumptions upon which this enterprise has been built. We ask: what is a perception of race, a perception of, exactly? Drawing on a rich tradition of work in critical race theory and social psychology on racial cognition, we argue that perception of race and perception of other decision-relevant features of an action situation are often co-constituted; hence, efforts to distinguish and separate these effects from each other are theoretically misguided. We conclude that empirical studies of discrimination must turn to defining what constitutes just treatment in light of the social differences that define race.
Variation in states’ discursive (de)legitimation of international institutions: The case of the Arctic Council
Authors: Olczak Nicholas
Published: December 2024

Governance institutions such as the Arctic Council face ongoing (de)legitimation that impacts the broader legitimacy beliefs which enable them to govern effectively. Research has increasingly studied how different actors engage in legitimation and delegitimation that bolster or challenge legitimacy, but there has been limited study of the variation in the (de)legitimation practices of individual states and the reasons for this variation. This article studies variation in discursive (de)legitimation of the Arctic Council by the United States and China. It advances a theoretical argument for how this variation in (de)legitimation is driven by broader political developments. Using content analysis, it maps these two states’ (de)legitimation of the Arctic Council over a 12-year period and examines evidence for this theory. The article finds that both states vary considerably in their (de)legitimation of the Arctic Council over time. Changes in the intensity of their (de)legitimation are found to be linked to political developments including heightened security tensions, positive/negative shifts in environmental politics, and institutional changes. This contributes empirical evidence and new theoretical insights to the body of research about how different actors engage in (de)legitimation of global governance.
Teaching for transfer of second language learning: A proposed research agenda
Authors: James Mark Andrew
Published: December 2024

Students' learning transfer is a fundamental goal across contexts of second language (L2) teaching and is therefore a worthwhile topic for L2 teaching research. Building on trends in research on teaching for transfer in L2 education and in other education and training contexts, this article proposes an agenda for future research on teaching for transfer of L2 learning. This includes a description of six specific research tasks and research designs that could be used with these tasks. The six tasks are to investigate: (1) the relationship between L2 teaching and transfer distance, (2) the relationship between L2 learners' transfer motivation and learning transfer, (3) the impact of L2 teaching on learners' transfer motivation, (4) the relationship between transfer climate and L2 learning transfer, (5) the impact of L2 teaching on learners' ability to deal with unsupportive transfer climates, and (6) L2 learners' transfer preparedness and its relationship with learning transfer.
Three-dimensional optical microrobot orientation estimation and tracking using deep learning
Authors: Choudhary Sunil , Sadak Ferhat , Gerena Edison , Haliyo Sinan
Published: December 2024

Optical microrobots are activated by a laser in a liquid medium using optical tweezers. To create visual control loops for robotic automation, this work describes a deep learning-based method for orientation estimation of optical microrobots, focusing on detecting 3-D rotational movements and localizing microrobots and trapping points (TPs). We integrated and fine-tuned You Only Look Once (YOLOv7) and Deep Simple Online Real-time Tracking (DeepSORT) algorithms, improving microrobot and TP detection accuracy by

$\sim 3$

% and

$\sim 11$

%, respectively, at the 0.95 Intersection over Union (IoU) threshold in our test set. Additionally, it increased mean average precision (mAP) by 3% at the 0.5:0.95 IoU threshold during training. Our results showed a 99% success rate in trapping events with no false-positive detection. We introduced a model that employs EfficientNet as a feature extractor combined with custom convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and feature fusion layers. To demonstrate its generalization ability, we evaluated the model on an independent in-house dataset comprising 4,757 image frames, where microrobots executed simultaneous rotations across all three axes. Our method provided mean rotation angle errors of

$1.871^\circ$

,

$2.308^\circ$

, and

$2.808^\circ$

for X (yaw), Y (roll), and Z (pitch) axes, respectively. Compared to pre-trained models, our model provided the lowest error in the Y and Z axes while offering competitive results for X-axis. Finally, we demonstrated the explainability and transparency of the model’s decision-making process. Our work contributes to the field of microrobotics by providing an efficient 3-axis orientation estimation pipeline, with a clear focus on automation.
Phonological processing and the L2 mental lexicon
Authors: Darcy Isabelle , Llompart Miquel , Hayes-Harb Rachel , Mora Joan C. , Adrian Miren , Cook Svetlana , Ernestus Mirjam
Published: December 2024

Twenty-five years ago, the publication of an article by Pallier, Colomé, and Sebastián-Gallés (2001) launched a new and rapidly evolving research program on how second language (L2) learners represent the phonological forms of words in their mental lexicons. Many insights are starting to form an overall picture of the unique difficulties for establishing functional and precise phonolexical representations in L2; however, for the field to move forward it is pertinent to outline its major emerging research questions and existing challenges. Among significant obstacles for further research, the paper explores the current lack of theoretical agreement on the concept of phonolexical representations and the underlying mechanism involved in establishing them, as well as the variable use of the related terminology (e.g., fuzziness and target-likeness). Methodological challenges involved in investigating phonological processing and phonolexical representations as well as their theoretical implications are also discussed. To conclude, we explore the significance of L2-specific phonological representations for the bottom-up lexical access during casual, conversational speech and how our emerging knowledge of L2 lexical representations can be applied in an instructional setting as two potentially fruitful research avenues at the forefront of the current research agenda.
A web-based dynamic nomogram for estimating talaromycosis risk in hospitalized HIV-positive patients
Authors: Li Xu , Jiang Zhongsheng , Mo Shenglin , Huang Xiaohong , Chen Tao , Zhang Peng , Li Linghua , Huang Bin , Lu Yanqiu , Wu Ying , Hu Jiaguang
Published: December 2024

Our study aimed to develop and validate a nomogram to assess talaromycosis risk in hospitalized HIV-positive patients. Prediction models were built using data from a multicentre retrospective cohort study in China. On the basis of the inclusion and exclusion criteria, we collected data from 1564 hospitalized HIV-positive patients in four hospitals from 2010 to 2019. Inpatients were randomly assigned to the training or validation group at a 7:3 ratio. To identify the potential risk factors for talaromycosis in HIV-infected patients, univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted. Through multivariate logistic regression, we determined ten variables that were independent risk factors for talaromycosis in HIV-infected individuals. A nomogram was developed following the findings of the multivariate logistic regression analysis. For user convenience, a web-based nomogram calculator was also created. The nomogram demonstrated excellent discrimination in both the training and validation groups [area under the ROC curve (AUC) = 0.883 vs. 0.889] and good calibration. The results of the clinical impact curve (CIC) analysis and decision curve analysis (DCA) confirmed the clinical utility of the model. Clinicians will benefit from this simple, practical, and quantitative strategy to predict talaromycosis risk in HIV-infected patients and can implement appropriate interventions accordingly.
Restoration of typical HPA–SAM co-activation following psychosocial intervention among preadolescent youth living in poverty
Authors: Bendezú Jason José , Wadsworth Martha E.
Published: December 2024

Despite the added value of multisystem (relative to traditional single-system) approaches for characterizing biological processes linked to risk for psychopathology (e.g., neuroendocrine stress responsivity; Buss et al., 2019; Quas et al., 2014), no study to date has evaluated whether multisystem processes may serve as viable biological targets of intervention. Utilizing a multiple-levels-of-analysis approach (Cicchetti & Dawson, 2002), this person-centered study examined whether stress-adapted patterns of hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis and sympathetic-adrenomedullary (SAM) system co-activation were amenable to change following the Building a Strong Identity and Coping Skills intervention (BaSICS; Wadsworth et al., 2022). Preadolescents exposed to concentrated poverty (n = 112, M
age
= 11.78 years, 57.1% female, 54% assigned to intervention; 40% Hispanic, 63% Black, 20% White) completed questionnaires and the Trier Social Stress Test at both pre- and posttest. Multitrajectory modeling of cortisol and alpha-amylase levels identified four pretest and posttest HPA-SAM co-activation profiles. At pretest, youth exhibiting Asymmetric Nos. 1 & 2 HPA-SAM co-activation reported greater maladjustment relative to youth with Symmetric Nos. 1 & 2 co-activation. Youth exhibiting Asymmetric No. 1 co-activation at pretest were more likely to exhibit Symmetric No. 1 co-activation following BaSICS relative to control. Findings highlight the potential of BaSICS to restore neuroendocrine stress response function in impoverished youth, pointing to HPA–SAM co-activation as a potential biological target of preventive intervention in this population.
Biomarker detection based on nanoparticle-induced ultrasonic Rayleigh scattering
Authors: Zhang Wangyang , Zhao Chaoshan , Jia Haoliang , Liu Tao , Yang Jiaqian , Wu Pengfan , Mu Xiaojing
Published: December 2024

Ultrasonic biochemical detection is important for biomarker detection, drug monitoring, and medical diagnosis, as it can predict disease progression and enable effective measures to be taken in a timely manner. However, the ultrasonic technology currently used for biochemical marker detection is directly modified on the surface of the device. The associated test methods are costly and unreliable while having poor repeatability; therefore, they cannot achieve low-cost rapid testing. In this study, a detection mechanism based on the Rayleigh scattering of acoustic waves caused by nanoparticles, which causes changes in the received sound pressure, was developed for the first time. The modification of antibodies on an insertable substrate decouples the functionalization step from the sensor surface and facilitates the application of capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducers (CMUTs) in conjunction with Au nanoparticles (AuNPs) for CA19-9 cancer antigen detection. A corresponding detection theory was established, and the relevant parameters of the theoretical formula were verified using different nanoparticles. Using our fabricated CMUT chip with a resonant frequency of 1 MHz, the concentrations and substances of the CA19-9 antigen markers were successfully measured. In the concentration range of 0.1–1000 U/mL, the receiving voltage decreased with increasing concentration. Further investigations revealed that the influence of other interfering markers in the human body can be ignored, demonstrating the feasibility and robustness of biochemical detection based on CMUTs combined with nanoparticles.
Effects of infant feeding type on auditory event-related potentials at 24 months of age
Authors: Algarín Cecilia , Murguia-Peniche Teresa , Reyes Sussanne , Wu Steven S. , Wampler Jennifer L. , Peirano Patricio
Published: December 2024

Background

Added bovine milk fat globule membrane (bMFGM) or bMFGM components in infant formulas may favor language development essential for cognitive maturation in early life. In this study, the influence of infant feeding type on language skills acquisition was investigated.

Methods

Auditory event-related potentials (ERPs) were performed at ~4–6 (baseline) and 24 months of age in infants receiving: human milk, as a reference group (HM, n = 42) or randomized to standard infant formula (SF, n = 53) or similar formula with added bMFGM (EF, n = 48) through 12 months of age. Auditive stimuli included three syllables (two native, one nonnative) with frequent or infrequent repetition. The main outcome was P1 wave amplitude and latency.

Results

At baseline no significant differences were detected in P1 amplitude and latency by feeding or feeding×stimuli. At 24 months, P1 amplitude significantly differed by feeding type (P = 0.02; EF lowest). P1 latency for feeding×stimuli significantly differed for infrequent native (P = 0.01; longer for SF vs EF, P = 0.007).

Conclusion

Electrophysiological changes in ERPs at 24 months of age demonstrated differences by infant feeding type and suggested beneficial effects of formula with added bMFGM on connectivity involved in language perception development.

Impact

First study to evaluate the nutritive effects of bovine milk fat globule membrane (bMFGM) on auditory event-related potentials (ERPs).

First demonstration of differential language development associated with infant feeding type and bMFGM using an age-appropriate, high-sensitivity, electrophysiological method.

Electrophysiological changes detected in ERPs at 24 months of age suggested an effect of added bMFGM in infant formula (compared to standard formula) which promotes faster neuronal transmission.
The relationship between continuation of exercise habit for three years and endothelial function in patients with hypertension
Authors: Yamaji Takayuki , Yusoff Farina Mohamad , Kishimoto Shinji , Kajikawa Masato , Harada Takahiro , Mizobuchi Aya , Maruhashi Tatsuya , Nakashima Ayumu , Tomiyama Hirofumi , Higashi Yukihito
Published: December 2024

The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between continuation of exercise habit for a long period and endothelial function assessed by flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD) in patients with hypertension. This study was a multicenter retrospective observational study. A total of 639 patients with hypertension were enrolled in this study. The subjects were divided into two groups based on information on exercise habit: a regular exercise group and a non-regular exercise group (control group). The regular exercise group was defined as patients who had an exercise habit during a 3-year follow-up period. There was no significant difference in FMD at baseline between the regular exercise group and control group. The change in FMD examined by the Wilcoxon signed rank test was significantly larger in the regular exercise group than in the control group (0.4 (−1.4, 2.0) % vs. −0.1 (−2.2, 1.4) %, p = 0.008). After adjustment for confounding factors for FMD, the odds ratio for increase in FMD was significantly larger in the regular exercise group than in the control groups. (OR: 1.59, 95% CI: 1.14–2.21, p = 0.006) A cubic spline curve revealed that even subjects with regular exercise who had a mean exercise intensity of less than 20 Mets・hour/week a had higher odds ratio for increase in endothelial function compared to the control group. These findings suggest that patients with hypertension who engage in regular exercise exhibited better endothelial function compared to those who do not exercise. Clinical Trial Registry Information: http://www.umin.ac.jp (UMIN000012951).
Methodological optimization for efficient degradation of Acid Violet 49 using advanced oxidation processes and varied photocatalyst combinations
Authors: Iqbal Aqsa , Bokhari Tanveer Hussain , Usman Muhammad , Yusaf Amnah , Mansha Asim , Saeed Muhammad , Khan Salahuddin , Iqbal Mazhar , Bhatti Muhammad Ahsan , Shafqat Syed Salman , Afshan Noshin , Zafar Muhammad Nadeem
Published: December 2024

This study investigates the photodegradation of Acid Violet 49 in an aqueous medium under UV, UV/H2O2, and combined with photo catalyst (UV/H2O2/TiO2, UV/H2O2/ZnO, and UV/H2O2/SnO2). The impact of all operational parameters including catalytic dosage, peroxidation (H2O2), pH and dye concentration were evaluated. The degradation efficiency of AV49 was enhanced up to 96% with the alternative photocatalyst UV/H2O2/ZnO under the circumstances of 0.6mL H2O2, 0.9 g ZnO, 50 mg/L initial dye concentration, and pH 9 after 90 min. Hemolytic test were used to check the toxicity level of products. FTIR spectroscopy of UV/ZnO/H2O2 was applied to identify the functional group of AV49 before and end product of the degradation. Moreover, the analytical technique LC-MS provided valuable information regarding the degradation products of AV 49. A proposed pathway was identified based on the findings of the degradation product.
Posteriore Schulterinstabilität im Sport
Authors: Haupt-Bertschy Bettina , Ackermann Susanne
Published: December 2024

Eine posteriore Schulterinstabilität wird häufig übersehen und erst verspätet diagnostiziert. Denn meist kommt eine solche Problematik atraumatisch und mikrotraumatisch vor. Eine präzise Erfragung der Symptomatik, kombiniert mit spezifischen Tests, ist dabei entscheidend. In der Therapie liegt der Schwerpunkt auf einer Funktionsverbesserung der posterioren Muskelkette inklusive der Anbindung der Skapula.
Künstliche Intelligenz als Herausforderung für die wissenschaftliche Kommunikation
Authors: Gauckler Charlotte , Werner Micha H.
Published: December 2024

Die Entwicklung der sog. künstlichen Intelligenz hat in den letzten Jahren beeindruckende Fortschritte gemacht. Neben KI-gestützten Suchsystemen und generativen KI-Systemen zur Herstellung von Texten, Bildern, Videos oder musikalischen Kompositionen gibt es inzwischen eine Vielzahl spezialisierter Systeme, die Aufgaben im Bereich der wissenschaftlichen Recherche, Datenanalyse, Textproduktion, Textgestaltung, Grammatikprüfung, stilistischen Überarbeitung, Übersetzung, Plagiatskontrolle und des wissenschaftlichen Reviewprozesses übernehmen oder bei der Erfüllung dieser Aufgaben unterstützen sollen. Der Einsatz solcher Systeme verspricht in vielerlei Hinsicht tatsächlich sinnvolle Arbeitserleichterungen und Vereinfachungen. Da KI-Systeme jedoch über kein genuines Verständnis der von ihnen bearbeiteten oder generierten Inhalte verfügen, sondern ein solches Verständnis nur simulieren, indem sie statistische Muster reproduzieren, die sie aus den jeweiligen Trainingsdaten
extrahiert haben, wäre es gefährlich, ihnen blind zu vertrauen oder sie unkritisch und nachlässig einzusetzen. In diesem Beitrag werden sowohl die Potenziale als auch die Gefahren des Einsatzes von KI im Kontext der wissenschaftlichen Kommunikation diskutiert und dabei auch mögliche systemische Folgen einer breiten Durchsetzung von KI-Systemen in diesem Kontext in den Blick genommen.
Eine seltene Ursache multipler kavernöser Veränderungen der Lunge
Authors: Piric Melika , Kosan Bora , Manke Christoph , Khreish Fadi , Fink Ludger , Koehler Gabriele , Lange Christoph , Gläser Sven , Litzlbauer Detlef , Markart Philipp
Published: December 2024

Wir berichten über eine 32-jährige Patientin, die sich mit multiplen, im Verlauf progredienten kavernösen Veränderungen der Lunge in unserer Klinik vorstellte.

Kavernöse Veränderungen der Lunge können im Rahmen verschiedener Erkrankungen auftreten und stellen daher eine große diagnostische Herausforderung dar. In erster Linie kommt eine infektiöse Genese in Betracht. Zahlreiche Mikroorganismen können kavernöse Lungenveränderungen hervorrufen: gewöhnliche grampositive und gramnegative Bakterien wie Haemophilus influenzae und Klebsiella pneumoniae, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, nicht-tuberkulöse Mykobakterien, seltene bakterielle Erreger wie Nocardien, Pilze (z.B. Aspergillus species) und Parasiten (z.B. Echinococcus species). Differenzialdiagnostisch muss an Systemerkrankungen aus dem rheumatologisch-immunologischen Formenkreis gedacht werden, bspw. an die Granulomatose mit Polyangiitis. Schließlich müssen Malignome in die differenzialdiagnostischen Überlegungen einbezogen werden, z.B. ein primäres Lungenkarzinom und Metastasen anderer Tumoren.

In unserem Fall sind wir zunächst von einer infektiösen Ursache der kavernösen Lungenveränderungen ausgegangen, insbesondere kam eine Infektion mit Actinomyces species in Betracht. Trotz resistenzgerechter antibiotischer Therapie und Beseitigung des vermeintlichen Infektionsherdes (Tonsillektomie mit Nachweis einer Actinomyces-Besiedlung der Tonsillen) kam es zu einer deutlichen Progression der pulmonalen Kavernen, weswegen die Diagnostik erweitert und intensiviert wurde einschließlich Durchführung eines FDG-PET-CT, einer Knochenmarkuntersuchung, einer Lungenkeilresektion mittels VATS und einer EBUS- bzw. CT-gesteuerten Lymphknotenpunktion. Schließlich konnte die seltene klinische Manifestation eines Hodgkin-Lymphoms als Ursache der multiplen kavernösen Lungenveränderungen diagnostiziert werden.
Nonequilibrium effects in variable-thickness microbridges
Authors: Gubankov V. N. , Koshelets V. P. , Ovsyannikov G. A.
Published: December 2024

The results reported here from experimental investigations on nonequilibrium effects in variable-thickness microbridges suggest that the stimulation of superconductivity by microwave radiation is determined mainly by the “jitter” of the potential well, which Aslamazov and Larkin considered, and occurs concurrently with the stimulation of superconductivity by a dc current. The electron-phonon interaction time is estimated from the position of singularities on the current-voltage characteristics of the microbridges as the result of the nonequilibrium effects.
Kinetic properties of corrugated and thread-like intermediate state structures
Authors: Bezuglyi E. V.
Published: December 2024

The heat conductivity and acoustic absorption in corrugated and thread-like structures of the intermediate state of a superconductor with a free mean path exceeding the thickness of the normal phase interlayer are calculated by the kinetic equation method. The shape of the phase interface and the conduction electron dispersion law are assumed arbitrary. It is established that the kinetic properties of the structures being studied are formed by electron excitations in the neighborhood of Fermi-surface reference points and contain information about the local electron spectrum parameters.
Point-contact spectroscopy of ferromagnetic metals
Authors: Kulik I. O. , Shekhter R. I.
Published: December 2024

Nonlinear behavior of the current-voltage characteristics is examined for point contacts of ferromagnetic metals. In the Knudsen limit (the mean free path is much larger than the diameter of the contact), the second derivative of the current-voltage characteristics is proportional to the transport function Gm(W) of the electron-magnon interaction when ω = eV. For the model of localized spins (s-f model) the electron-magnon interaction matrix element depends only slightly on the magnetization directions, i.e., the point contact spectra are not sensitive to the orientation of the spontaneous magnetic moment relative to the contact plane. The effect of interband electron transitions on magnon and phonon generation in rare-earth metals is also considered.
Calculation of a magnetic-structure sequence including a spiral. I. Method and parameter calculation
Authors: Kovalev O. V.
Published: December 2024

A method is described for studying the magnetic structures of crystals and estimating interaction parameters when a crystal has several successive magnetically ordered phases, including a spiral one. A comparatively large number of interaction constants are taken into account, and an additional relation is employed to incorporate the observation that a spiral is stable over a restricted range in the external parameters. The magnetic ordering is very strongly dependent on the external factors, because the energy minima corresponding to the magnetic phases are shallow and complete. A detailed numerical calculation is presented for an MnP crystal: the parameter range is defined along with the distance dependence of the effective exchange constants and the dependence of the energy on the vector k, while an explanation is given for the observed sequence of magnetic phases. The method is applicable to orthorhombic crystals and for an orientation of the spiral axis such that the magnetic energy may be separated into parts composed of magnetic coordinates of the same directions.
Effect of ordering of Anderson impurities on the critical temperature of a superconductor
Authors: Andreev V. V.
Published: December 2024

The linearized equation of Gor’kov is used to obtain an equation for the superconducting transition temperature of a superconductor with a small concentration of Anderson impurities distributed in an ordered fashion, in the nonmagnetic case. It is shown that there exists a critical impurity concentration at which the temperature of the superconducting transition of a superconductor with an ordered distribution of impurities begins to exceed that of the pure superconductor.
Screening of edge dislocations in normal metals and superconductors and the softening of metals at the superconducting transition
Authors: Gabovich A. M. , Il’chenko L. G. , Pashitskii É. A.
Published: December 2024

The screening of edge dislocations and their interaction with charged point defects (vacancies and impurities) in normal metals and superconductors with various shapes of the Fermi surface are considered. It is shown that at the n–s transition an increase in the potential barriers occurs at points where the dislocations are pinned, which enables the results of experiments on the softening of metals to be understood.
The Faraday effect in inhomogeneously magnetized media
Authors: Sementsov D. I. , Morozov A. M.
Published: December 2024

A study is made of the range of applicability of the well-known expression for the rotation of the plane of polarization αF0=k0ϵ⋅l0/2 for the longitudinal (k ∥ M) propagation of light in an inhomogeneously magnetized medium. It is shown that the presence of an inhomogeneity of type MZ(y) leads to the appearance of an increment in the magnetooptic parameter Q = Q0 (I + Δ) and so to a reduction of αF0.
Migration of excitons in the antiferromagnet CsMnF3
Authors: Matyushkin É. V. , Smushkov V. I.
Published: December 2024

The luminescence and excitation spectra of the three-dimensional antiferromagnet CsMnF3 are investigated in the temperature range 4.2−60°K. Self-localization of magnetic excitons is observed at low temperatures. It is shown that the main reason for this self-localization is that the transfer of electronic excitation energy is two-dimensional in character, due to the specifics of the magnetic structure of the crystal.
Localized state of an electron at an edge dislocation
Authors: Voronov V. P. , Kosevich A. M.
Published: December 2024

Electron localization that follows a quadratic dispersion law near an edge dislocation is examined. The possibility of the occurrence of a polaron electron state is demonstrated.
崔世珍笔下的明代中期北京话
Authors: Wang Weihui
Published: December 2024

抽象的

崔世珍 (1468–1542) 著述宏富，记录和讨论了大量明代中期的北京话词汇和语音现象。当时正处于南北官话融合的关键阶段，而反映北京话的本土资料却阙如，因此他所记录的北京口语资料是独一无二的，对于研究北京话形成史具有极高的价值。文章主要讨论四个问题：(1) 崔世珍所记是不是北京话；(2) 崔世珍所记资料的特点；(3) 从崔世珍所记看明代中期南北官话词汇的融合；(4) 明代中期的北京话词汇在现代北京话里的留存与消亡。
Nonlinear-optical effects in arrays of asymmetric Co/Au planar particles on crystalline garnet layers
Authors: Kolmychek Irina A , Smirnov Kirill A , Zhaboev Evgeniy I , Dotsenko Andrey A , Gusev Nikita S , Skorokhodov Evgeny V , Gusev Sergey A , Novikov Vladimir B , Panov Vladimir I , Maydykovskiy Anton I , Murzina Tatiana V
Published: December 2024

Nonlinear-optical effects in magnetic composite nanostructures are of fundamental and practical interest. Here we study, on the micro- and macro-scales, the nonlinear-optical and magnetooptical response of metasurfaces made of arrays of magnetic Co/Au plasmonic particles on the crystalline garnet layer. We find a manyfold enhancement of the efficiency of the optical second harmonic generation as well as a strong modification of the magnetooptical response of this metasurface as compared to the pure garnet film. Numerical modelling of the local electromagnetic field confirms these findings.
Analysis of Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) and earthquake disaster risk in the Central Java Region based on earthquake data 1980-2022
Authors: Supriyadi  , Hikmah A N , Ardenti E , Khumaedi
Published: December 2024

This study aims to know the spread of PGA values in Central Java and the level of risk of earthquake disasters in Central Java so they can be optimized to mitigate the disaster. The method used in this study is the Fukushima and Tanaka methods based on earthquake data from 1980-2022 in the Central Java Region. The result of the PGA value can be used as a hazard factor parameter. An earthquake risk analysis can be calculated based on three factors: hazard factors, vulnerability factors, and resilience factors (IPM). The calculation of the PGA value in Central Java was 36 823 gal. The low PGA values range from 10 - 42 gal, the average PGA value from 43 - 73 gal, and the high PGA rate from 73 - 127 gal. The highest PGA is in Karanganyar District, Sukoharjo District, Klaten District, and Wonogiri District. Based on the PGA value, it can be obtained that Central Java is on the scale III-VIII of MMI. The Central Java regions with a high risk of earthquake disasters are Pekalongan City, Semarang City, Kudus District, Magelang District, Salatiga City, and Surakarta City.
Tunable magnetic phase transition in a single-layer NiCl2 with an external electric field
Authors: Prayitno T B
Published: December 2024

This research aims to tune the external electric field to examine the availability of magnetic phase transition in a single-layer NiCl2. The first-principle calculations were implemented via the generalized Bloch theorem to obtain and compare the total energies of ferromagnetic, antiferromagnetic, and spiral states. The different magnetic ground states for different lattice constants without applying the electric field were found, so the magnetic phase transitions exist. When the electric field was included, no magnetic phase transition appeared for all the lattice constants. Conversely, the high spin states are robust for all the lattice constants under the electric field was observed. The suggestion is that only the lattice parameter governs the magnetic ground state in a single-layer NiCl2.
Using Algodoo to improve students’ performance in understanding Newtonian mechanics
Authors: Rangkuti M A , Ritonga W , Nasution Y W , Wulandari D
Published: December 2024

This study aims to assess the improvement in student learning of Newtonian concepts using Algodoo. The Force Concept Inventory (FCI) is administered to first-year students majoring in mathematics, physics, biology, and chemistry taking introductory physics courses. The FCI is given three times: first as a pre-test to assess initial understanding, then during peer discussions where students are asked to visualize the physical situations of the questions using Algodoo whenever possible, and finally after two weeks of peer discussions. All discussions are recorded and transcribed to examine how students use Algodoo to aid their comprehension of Newtonian mechanics. The final results indicate that Algodoo helps students learn independently within their peer groups and enhances their conceptual understanding of Newtonian concepts. However, the post-test results show that the FCI remains extremely challenging, particularly for questions that are difficult to visualize using Algodoo.
Numerical analysis of molecular vibration under Lennard-Jones potential
Authors: Supardi  , Nugroho K A
Published: December 2024

This research aims to simulate the physical system of molecular vibrations under the influence of the Lennard-Jones potential. The Lennard-Jones potential is a mathematical model that describes the interaction between two uncharged atoms or molecules. This potential considers electrostatic repulsion and Van der Waals attraction between particles. It can be applied to study the thermal, elastic, and dynamic properties of interacting particle systems. There are two numerical methods used in this study, namely the Runge-Kutta method used to determine the position and velocity of the particles and the Secant method used to determine the energy state of the system. The results show that the potential depth parameter γ determines the number of bound energy states and the particle state energy magnitude. An illustration of the particle trajectory that illustrates the conservation of the potential and kinetic energy of the particle is also obtained.
Characterization of porosity and permeability in Nata De Soya porous membranes with composition modifications
Authors: Qodriyah N L , Aji M P , Bintari S H , Masturi
Published: December 2024

Nata de soya is a fermentation product derived from tofu and tempeh waste, known for its strong and stable cellulose structure. This study focuses on characterizing the porosity and permeability of nata de soya porous membranes modified with various raw material compositions. Porosity and permeability were characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and fluid flow measurements. The results indicate that the composition of tofu and tempeh waste mixture (Composition A) produced membranes with the highest porosity (51%) and permeability (1.70191 × 10−9 m2). Membranes from tofu waste (Composition B) exhibited 47% porosity and permeability of 1.59554 × 10−9 m2, while membranes from tempeh waste (Composition C) showed 43% porosity and permeability of 1.27643 × 10−9 m2. This research demonstrates that variations in raw material composition and modification processes influence membranes’ porosity and permeability characteristics, contributing significantly to the development of biomass-based materials for filtration applications and supporting efforts toward more sustainable management of organic waste.
Methane degassing within Ukraine according to satellite data
Authors: Apostolov A A , Ya Khodorovskyi A , Yelistratova L A , Tymchyshyn M A
Published: December 2024

The article substantiates the concept of degassing the Earth using the example of methane, a gas component of the fluid regime of the lithosphere. According to the analysis of observations from the Sentinel-5P satellite over the territory of Ukraine for the period 2019-2022, data on the distribution of methane (CH4 ) in the atmosphere were obtained using the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform, and a corresponding map was compiled. The distribution of methane content within the main tectonic structures of Ukraine is very complex and is probably not related to the specifics of their development. It has been established that methane is present everywhere in the atmosphere of Ukraine but in different amounts. The relationship between the content of methane in the atmosphere and the content of hydrocarbons within 12 known oil and gas-bearing areas of the Dnieper-Donets Depression (DDD) was established. Two aggregates are distinguished: areas with the largest reserves of hydrocarbons and oil and gas-bearing areas with low reserves of hydrocarbons, which are characterized by a significant range of changes in the content of methane in the atmosphere. This indicates the connection of methane content in the atmosphere with hydrocarbon reserves in oil and gas-bearing areas. That is, the process of degassing is taking place and it can be studied according to the remote sensing (RS) data.
Accumulation of heavy metals by different representatives of biota in the operation zone of the Prydniprovska thermal power plant
Authors: Kulbachko Y L , Boroday Ye S , Lykholat T Y , Lykholat O A , Kvitko M O , Marenkov O M , Yevtushenko E O , Lykholat Y V
Published: December 2024

Among the consequences of technoecogenic stress caused by the activity of industrial and energy complexes, dust and gas emissions, containing toxic to representatives of biota substances, including heavy metals, have a particularly negative impact on ecosystems. Different types of organisms have different mechanisms to absorb and accumulate heavy metals, that can be used for ecotoxicological studies. The peculiarities of the accumulation of heavy metals in various components of the ecosystem such as soil – plant – animal in the area of operation of the thermal power plant (TPP) of the Dnipro region were investigated. Test samples of soil, sod-forming grasses, and soil-litter invertebrates were collected from artificial plantations of Robinia pseudoacacia L., located in the immediate vicinity of the Prydniprovska TPP in the city of Dnipro, and control samples – at a distance of 30-40 km from the TPP. Determination of the content of heavy metals, which are priority pollutants for the Dnipro region, was carried out by the method of atomic adsorption spectrophotometry according to the standard method. The invertebrates accumulate Fe and Mn in the largest amount at all test sites. From all functional groups, only representatives of saprophages perform the functions of heavy metal accumulators (Fe, Cu, Cd, Mn), contributing to the intensification of the biological cycle (Ni) and the purification of trophic chains (Zn, Pb). The features of the accumulation of heavy metals by the main sod-forming cereals depending on the contamination level in the soil under the influence of the Prydniprovska TPP have been established. The concentration of heavy metals in both the above-ground mass and the underground part of the plants was determined in the experimental and control plots. The different intensity in the elements accumulation by the vegetative organs of the experimental plant species was revealed. The obtained results can be used in bioindication to assess environmental pollution.
ML-ERV: A machine learning-based CO2 emissions model designed for rental vehicles
Authors: Yousfi A
Published: December 2024

On-road carbon dioxide (CO2 ) emissions from rental vehicles are very much affected by vehicle category, types of vehicle transmission, fuel type and traveled distance. In this paper, four machine learning models (decision trees, random forest, AdaBoost and XGBoost) were used to predict CO2 emissions from rental vehicles. The models were trained and tested on Carbookr’s bookings dataset. The results show that the traveled distance, the included mileage, the ACRISS code, the rental duration, the driver’s home country, the country where the driver works and the country where he pickups up the vehicle as well as the country where he returns the vehicle had clear impacts on the transient CO2 emission rates. There was a positive correlation between these features and CO2 emission rates. The findings also indicate that XGBoost achieves the best accuracy performance when compared to other machine learning algorithms in terms of the Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE), the Mean Absolute Error (MAE), the Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) and the Coefficient of Determination (R
2). The results show that the machine learning-based CO2 emission model ML-ERV trained using XGBoost algorithm outperforms the state-of-the-art CO2 emissions calculators.
The use of digital technologies in education in the context of sustainable development of society
Authors: Kramarenko T H , Kramarenko V M
Published: December 2024

One of Ukraine’s Sustainable Development Goals is to ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and to promote lifelong learning opportunities for all citizens. Therefore, it is important to develop the professional skills and pedagogical competence of teachers to prepare future generations to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals through education. In particular, through the digitalization of education. The purpose of this article is to highlight the state of use of digital technologies and innovative approaches by teachers of Kryvyi Rih district in the context of blended learning in the context of sustainable development of society. The problems of development and use of video materials and interactive tools, virtual simulations, workshops and laboratories in teaching are considered. The issue of using game technologies for learning is highlighted. The use of platforms for collaboration and exchange of views between students and the use of e-learning systems is analysed.
Improvement technique surveying observations of the displacement
Authors: Dolgikh O V , Dolgikh L V , Kremer O A
Published: December 2024

The purpose of the research is to increase the efficiency of work on monitoring deformation processes and shear in the areas of influence of mining activity. The research methodology is based on the analysis of instrumental observations of the objects negatively affected by mining activities. As a result of the research, special attention was focused on the use of innovative instruments for instrumental measurements and software processing the data. The scientific novelty of the obtained results consists in using a comprehensive modern digital and satellite methods for performing instrumental observations on profile line reps, which makes it possible to obtain a more complete feature of the deformation process and information about the current state of the ground surface and other objects located in the research area, which makes it possible to increase the accuracy of the prediction for a certain period of time and quickly verify the dimensions of the displacement zone and its spreading limits. The practical significance of the research is that its results will contribute to ensuring the safe operation of the deposit and the development of more effective measures to protect the environment and mitigate the negative impact of mining activities on the area and buildings located in the zone of their influence. The studies have shown that the automated method of comparing point clouds to sinkhole areas obtained from two digital models can produce significant errors. These errors, when determining the spatial position of points, can reach 10-15 meters. In the case of a “manual” set of picket points, the errors do not exceed 0.1-0.2 m, but the time of data processing increases significantly, i.e., increasing the accuracy of determining the desired values requires a decrease in the efficiency of this process.
Development of a method for estimating the carbon footprint when transporting grain by road
Authors: Matsiuk V , Yanovska V , Matviienko H , Parfentieva O , Ilchenko N
Published: December 2024

The article presents the results of a study of the process of transporting grain from the territory of Ukraine in global supply chains. In order to study the negative impact of the transport sector, a simulation model of the existing logistics system was developed, namely, using only road transport. The model was developed using Java SE technology based on the agent-based and discrete-event principles. As a result of a series of experiments based on the grain supply chain through the Mykolaiv commercial port, it was found that the actual CO2 emission rates per unit of transport work are 12.8 kg per tonne and 32.9 kg per 1000 tonne-km.
A flight situation advisory system for uninterrupted and efficient air transportation
Authors: Kucherov D , Dolgikh S , Myroshnychenko I , Poshyvailo O , Kravchenko O
Published: December 2024

Safe and reliable air transportation plays a significant role in modern society by facilitating connection, communication, and economic activity, which has been growing steadily for recent decades. Ensuring a safe, reliable, and efficient operation of the air transportation network is a central challenge in assuring smooth progress in modern and future aviation. This research addresses the problem of human-caused issues in aerial transportation by proposing, substantiating, validating, and designing automated flight situation advisory systems that can provide critical input to the crew in the cases of unexpected and challenging flight situations. It was shown that a proper design and use of these systems could be instrumental in managing flight situations and could eliminate or mitigate a significant fraction of human-cause faults and emergencies. It would expected that such an advisory system can become a proactive and cost-effective tool to improve safety and reliability in the operation of air traffic networks of today and tomorrow. The study’s main result is to assess the importance of factors influencing the development of recommendations by the advisory system.