bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
QUEUING THEORY APPLICATION AND CUSTOMERS’ TIME MANAGEMENT IN DEPOSIT MONEY BANKS IN NIGERIA
Authors:   Federal Polytechnic, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria, Ibukun-Falayi Owoola Rekiat
Published: June 2023

The study examined queuing theory, application and customers time management in deposit money banks in Nigeria.. A comparative analysis between Access Bank PLC branch in Ajilosun and First Bank PLC, Oke Isa, Ado Ekiti, Ekiti State were used as a case study. Data for the study were gathered through observation of the arrival time, time spent waiting in the queue, service time and time of departure customers from the banking hall. The observation time at Access Bank started by 2.30pm and ended 3.44pm which has been previously observed to be the peak period of the bank while the observation time of the First Bank PLC started 3.00pm and ended 4.57pm on different days. Data sourced were fitted into the single and multiple channel models and the results computed and analyzed manually. It was revealed that the mean service rate, the mean time spent in the queue by a customer, and aggregate service rate in the system by a customer at Access bank plc are substantially reduced compared to that of the first bank plc while the waiting line is short most especially for the multiple channels with the real time data processing enhancing the service delivery. It was concluded that despite these differences, queuing system and application of it in the banking industry, especially in the sampled banks is effective in achieving quality service delivery and this is also enhanced by the application of real time data processing adopted by the banks. Therefore, the study recommended that queue management should be employed by banks as it will enhance the quality of service delivery and time management for both banks and the customers. In addition, a single channel for banks that have high traffic intensity rate should be discouraged while a multiple channel should be encouraged as it reduces the waiting time of bank customers in the system. Lastly, idle time of the servers need to be checked as this could lead to more waiting time for customers.
IMPLEMENTATION OF RURAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMMES / POLICIES IN NIGERIA: A SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT PERSPECTIVE
Authors:   Akwa Ibom State University, Atairet Clifford Atairet , Elizabeth Atairet Atiaret ,   Akwa Ibom State University, Joseph Okon Mark ,   Akwa Ibom State University
Published: June 2023

Development remains central to developing and developed nations of the world. This concern has made nations to actively pursue the issue of development with concerted efforts. Using different development strategies as well as making it sustainable without affecting future generation. This brought about the concept of sustainable development. This study seeks to critically examine rural development programmes/policies in Nigeria, the sustainable development perspectives. Data for the study were gathered from the secondary sources. The findings reveals among others that Nigeria since independence have initiated several development policies but abandoned because of lack of proper supervision, non-release of budgeted of funds, corruption, lack of qualified staff and so on. Consequently, the study recommended that there should be proper and adequate supervision of all rural development policies/programmes, qualified and adequate manpower should be engaged to manage rural development programmes among others so that the developmental efforts can be sustainable.
METHODOLOGY USED IN ASSESSING FEMINIST LITERATURE: AN ANALYSIS OF REVIEWS PERTAINING TO QUR’AN AND WOMAN (1992) BY AMINA WADUD
Authors:   University of Johannesburg, Mheta Bothwell
Published: June 2023

The article discusses methodological approaches demonstrated in evaluating feminist literature, particularly Qur’an and Woman (1992), by juxtaposing a suggested individualized, multi-dimensional interpretative model (cf. Bothwell Mheta 2017) with seven other reviews, namely those of Nimat Hafez Barazangi (1995), Haifaa Jawad (2003), Rachel M. Scott (2009), Abdulkader Tayob (2009), Aysha A. Hidayatullah (2014) and Adis Duderija (2015). A detail discussion is given of the suggested interpretative model, which is Qur’an and Woman (1992) specific, as well as main features of approaches found in the other chosen reviews.
THERE SHOULD BE GENDER EQUALITY AT THE BEGINNING OF HUMAN EXISTENCE: A CRITICAL LINGUISTIC ANALYSIS OF CHAPTER ONE OF WADUD’S QUR’AN AND WOMAN (1992)
Authors:   University of Johannesburg, Mheta Bothwell , Aiseta Aisha ,   Islamic University in Uganda
Published: June 2023

Scripture plays a central role in the Islamic version of feminism. Feminists believe that the preferential position of the male within Muslim societies is due to traditional convictions informed by a specific, mostly literal reading of Qur’anic texts. They therefore insist on an alternative exegetical approach, which (according to them) would reveal clear tendencies towards gender equality. In this study Amina Wadud’s perspectives featuring in Qur’an and Woman (1992) are analysed per chapter, subdivisions, and subsections, firstly in general and secondly from a fourfold viewpoint, focusing respectively on [1] the overall structure of the book and chapters, [2] the utilization of scripture (e.g., hermeneutic approach), [3] interaction with others (overtly and covertly), and finally on [4] perspectives pertaining to Wadud as person. Results obtained from the focus on the above selected features are revealing. [1] Chapters are, for example, independently structured, selectively choosing themes and material with clear gender objectives. [2] Selection and use of scripture is subservient to gender orientated presuppositions, with textual strategy favouring the interpretation of expressions in the light of general Qur’anic principles. [3] During the course of her argumentation, overtly mentioned sources are nearly exclusively used in support of her gender-equality convictions, while covertly mentioned sources reflect views counter to her own. Attention will be given to chapter one (“Creation of Humankind” of Qur’an and Woman (1992) separately, followed by a Final Reflection providing an overall and comparative view of the said two chapters.
THE SANCTITY OF RULE OF LAW, NATIONAL SECURITY AND PERSONAL LIBERTY IN NIGERIA
Authors:   Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria, Taiwo Olawoye L.
Published: June 2023

The above statement encapsulates the need for adherence to the rule of law in political governance. This has more than ever before brought the primacy between national security and personal liberty of individuals in Nigeria to the front burner. The partisans of rule of law say, it is the font et origo, the father and grundnorm which takes precedence and priority over national security. It is a paradigm shift from the logic of empire, kingdom and fiefdom. The crux of the matter in this piece is which arm of government determines when national security or interest is in jeopardy? This paper therefore examined the concept of the rule of law and the extent to which it can be sacrificed on the altar of national security in a democracy. Using primary and secondary sources of information, the study found that it is dangerous to national security or interest for the executive arm to whimsically deprive citizens of their constitutionally guaranteed rights because of perceived or actual threat to national security. The study concluded that the determination of when national security takes prominence over the rule of law should be the exclusive preserve of the judiciary. To do otherwise would amount to the ruins of law.
ENVIRONMENTAL TAX AND POLLUTION CONTROL IN NIGERIA
Authors:   Federal University, Oye-Ekiti, Nigeria, Rotimi Oladele
Published: June 2023

The study examined environmental tax and its impact on pollution control in Nigeria. It specifically examined the impact of environmental tax on air pollution, it examined the impact of caron tax on air pollution, it examined the impact of environmental tax on water pollution, lastly it examined the impact of environmental tax on waste disposal. The study predicated on planned behaviour theory and value believe norm theory of environmentalism. Primary data source was explored in presenting the facts of the situation. Purposive probability sampling techniques was used to select targeted respondents. Data collected was analysed using descriptive statistics for 183 questionnaires. The findings revealed that environmental tax has significant effect on pollution control. This is based on the fact that a large percentage (90.8 percent) of the respondents is in concurrence with the argument that environmental tax has significant effect on pollution control. It was concluded that environmental tax has positive and significant effect on pollution control in Nigeria. The researcher recommends that considering the seriousness of this environmental hazards which posed a great threat to the life of the people, Federal Government of Nigeria should design a tax process will permit environmental tax policies, so that the levy of tax be designed placing its burden on those who are responsible for causing a particular environmental problem, or problems and also make provision for statutory incentives to minimize administrative cost to the government and compliance cost imposed on the tax payers.
VISUAL ETHICAL ANALYSIS: COVERAGE OF THE YAZIDI WOMEN ENSLAVEMENT CASES IN IRAQ
Authors:   American University in Dubai, Lujain Ammar , Yara AlWawi ,   American University in Dubai
Published: June 2023

This study provides a review and mapping of the academic literature of journalists' coverage of the ISIS militant group attack on the Yazidi community in 2014 and the Yazidi women survivors. It explicitly discusses the ethicality of a video broadcasted by Al-Iraqiya news of a Yazidi woman confronting her kidnapper and sexual abuser. The paper analyzes the video through both a visual ethical analysis, where the video is analyzed frame by frame, and an ethical analysis with respect to previous ethical approaches. The study concludes that the broadcast of the confrontation was unethical as it discounted both the code of ethics and the ethical duties and values of a journalist. Overall, the paper believes that the Yazidi women's media coverage was unethical, subjective, and disrespectful, and undermining towards the Yazidi survivors.
AGBON-URHOBO FESTIVALS AND FEMALE PROHIBITIONS: A 21ST CENTURY DISCOURSE
Authors:   College of Education, Agbor, Delta State, Nigeria, Akporherhe Friday , Udi Peter Oghenerioborue ,   College of Education, Agbor, Delta State, Nigeria
Published: June 2023

The Urhobo nation is endowed with several forms of traditional festivals which are celebrated periodically to preserve and promote the cultural values and heritages of the people. In this paper, we investigated the cultural reasons for the seclusion of the womenfolk from certain rituals during traditional festivals in Agbon-Urhobo communities in Delta State. The data for this study were collected through in-depth interviews of respondents that have insight into Agbon festivals and women prohibitions from certain rituals. The study adopted the purposive sampling technique which gives the researchers freedom to select respondents who have profound knowledge of traditional festivals in Agbon Clan. The interviews lasted for three days with the interviewer recording the oral data with a tape and also taking notes of respondents. The oral data obtained from the key informants were carefully transcribed and translated into the English version. Two research assistants were recruited to handle the tape recorder and take notes while the researcher asked the unstructured questions. Besides the primary data, secondary materials were consulted to substantiate the arguments and the views of the respondents from the field. The qualitative data were analyzed using descriptive and analytic methods since the information is non-numerical based. The findings show that traditional festivals in Agbon Clan are characterized with female prohibitions. Though culture is dynamic, the Agbon people still hold unto their strong cultural beliefs and practices, hence women are excluded from certain rituals during traditional festivals. Informants argue that the men serve as mediators between the living and the dead, and they also preserve and protect the cultural values and heritage of their communities. Unlike the men, the women cannot keep family or community secrets and oaths taken during traditional rites and rituals. They are regarded as “unclean” and so during festivals they could desecrate sacred places especially when they are under their menstrual period.
dent-based Evaluation of a Spoken Textbook: A Case Study of EFL Learners at the Department of English, Faculty of Education, Sana’a University
Authors: Almuslimi Fazee
Published: June 2023

This study aims at evaluating the content of the Spoken English III Textbook taught to the YemeniSecond-Year EFL students at the Faculty of Education, Sana'a University from the point of view ofthe students. It further aims at finding out if the content correlates significantly with their fluency. Aclose ended questionnaire of the textbook content was developed, and given to thirty students to saytheir opinions towards the content of the textbook. They were also interviewed with the aim ofchecking their fluency level. The results show that there are some content problems in the textbook ofSpoken English III from the students' point of view. Such findings show that the cultural aspects ofEFL in the Department of English are not highly considered in such textbook. Besides, the languagefunctions are not taken into account. They also show that there is a weak relationship between thecontent of the textbook and the students' fluency level. It was recommended to increase theincorporated functions in the current textbook
تفاقــم التهريب الجمركي وآثاره على الاقتصـــاد الوطنــي
Authors: غلاب حسان عبدالله علي
Published: June 2023

هدف البحث إلى معرفة انعكاس التهريب الجمركي على الاقتصاد الوطني، خصوصا بعد تأثير العدوان في وطننا.  بعد أن أثرت الحرب التي شنتها دول التحالف على الوضع الاقتصادي في اليمن بشكل مباشر، بشقيه الصناعي والتجاري، بما في ذلك استهداف الموانئ، المطارات، الناقلات وغيرها، بالإضافة إلى عرقلة حركة انسياب التجارة الدولية من وإلى أراضي الجمهورية اليمنية.
 وقد استُخدم المنهج الوصفي التحليلي للخوض في أغوار الدراسة الحالية من خلال البيانات الأولية التي حصلنا عليها لمعالجة الظاهرة، ومن أبرز النتائج التي توصلت إليها الدراسة:
-تصاعد عمليات التهريب الجمركي خلال مدة الحرب بشكل ملحوظ مقارنة بالمدة السابقة، بالإضافة إلى الأثر السالب على الوضع الاقتصادي وتدمير البنية التحتية.
- تكبدت اليمن خسائر اقتصادية كبيرة على مدى سبع سنوات الماضية من الحرب والحصار، أدى إلى زيادة الفقر، البطالة وسوء التغذية الحاد.
- زيادة البطالة وانكماش اقتصادي تجاوز 50%وفق التقارير الرسمية الدولية.
دور الجهات المسئولة عن الجريمة الإلكترونية في اليمن في توعية الجمهور بمخاطر الجريمة الإلكترونية
Authors: النعامي فهمي محمد احمد
Published: June 2023

هدفت الدراسة إلى الكشف عن واقع الجريمة الإلكترونية في اليمن، ومعرفة دور الجهات المسئولة عن الجريمة الإلكترونية في اليمن في توعية الجمهور بمخاطر الجريمة الإلكترونية، وقد اعتمدت الدراسة على المنهج الوصفي الذي جُمعت بواسطته البيانات الكمية والكيفية للدراسة معاً، وقد استخدم الباحث التصميم التفسيري، حيث جُمعت في المرحلة الأولى من هذا التصميم بيانات كمية باستخدام استبانة الذي جرى تطبيقها على عينة عشوائية بلغت 400 من مستخدمي الإنترنت بأمانة العاصمة صنعاء، تلا ذلك جمع البيانات الكيفية باستخدام أداة المجموعات المركزة، التي شرحت النتائج الكمية وفصلتها، وامتد جمع البيانات الكيفية بهذه الدراسة؛ بحيث شمل أداة المقابلة المعمقة مع مدراء ومسئولي إدارات الإعلام والعلاقات العامة بالجهات المسئولة عن الجريمة الإلكترونية.
توصلت الدراسة إلى ارتفاع معدل الاستخدام اليومي للمبحوثين للإنترنت، وأن نسبة (47%) من الجمهو عينة الدراسة قد تعرضوا لنوع واحد على الأقل من الجرائم الإلكترونية، وأشارت النتائج إلى المعرفة الجيدة للمبحوثين بالمفاهيم العامة للجريمة الإلكترونية، والوعي الضعيف للمبحوثين بطرق الوقاية من الجريمة الإلكترونية، كما توصلت الدراسة إلى فشل إدارات الإعلام والعلاقات العامة بالجهات المسئولة عن الجرائم الإلكترونية في اليمن في أعمال توعية وتثقيف الجمهور بمخاطر الجريمة الإلكترونية.
The shrine of the martyrs of Maabar Day (941 AH) in the Directorate of Jahran, Dhamar Governorate, Yemen Archaeological study
Authors: Alkawmani Salah Ahmed Salah
Published: June 2023

The research aims to study the shrine of the martyrs of a Maʿbar day in Jahrān District, Dhamār Governorate, which will be an important and distinctive addition to the studies of the antiquities of Yemen in the Islamic era, with what it contains of architectural and decorative elements, most notably planning, and stucco decorations, with what it contains of geometric, botanical and written decorations. In addition to two very important tombstones, which date the construction of the mausoleum, and the name of the builder. This study is the first for the mausoleum, and it included confirmed results about the date of construction and the name of the builder, and the names and titles of those buried in the mausoleum.
The role of multimedia in understanding extremely small and large numbers in chemistry education
Authors: Olić Ninković Stanislava , Adamov Jasna , Cvjetićanin Stanko , Maričić Mirjana
Published: June 2023

The aim of this research was to investigate the presence of difficulties in understanding extremely small and extremely large numbers during learning the concepts of mole and atom in students of elementary school, as well as to investigate the effects of multimedia applications to overcome this problem. The sample comprised 125 elementary school students from Novi Sad, Serbia (aged 13-14). Difficulties to understand small and large numbers related to concepts of mole and atoms were identified. In the control group of students, the traditional teaching approach was applied; experimental group multimedia was used in teaching. The obtained results indicate that students had difficulties in learning the above-mentioned concept of the mole. When multimedia material was used, it contributed to the higher academic achievement of students in overcoming issues related to atomic sizes and masses, constant, definition of a mole, and visualization of the given amount of samples of different substances.
Surviving sepsis: Raising awareness to reduce mortality
Authors: Golubović Jelena
Published: June 2023

The sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection. Septic shock and sepsis are key healthcare problems, impacting millions worldwide each year and killing statistically around one in three and one in six affected people. Sepsis outcomes could be improved by early identification and appropriate management in the initial hours after infection. Therefore, raising awareness for the clinician caring for adult patients with sepsis or septic shock is essential to reduce mortality caused by this disease.
РИЈЕТКЕ КЊИГЕ У ФОНДУ МАТИЧНЕ БИБЛИОТЕКЕ ИСТОЧНО САРАЈЕВО
Authors: Куљанин Ивана , Милошевић Бранислава
Published: June 2023

У фонду ријетких књига Матичне библиотеке Источно Сарајево налази се 1.550 библиографских јединица (монографских публикација). Наш рад представљаће књиге које су објављене у Сарајеву. Желимо да скренемо пажњу на издавачку дјелатност и штампарије у Сарајеву крајем 19. и почетком 20. вијека. Ниједан град у Босни и Херцеговини није толико хетероген и посебан као Сарајево, које има богату културну историју обликовану разноликим вјероисповијестима и нацијама. Колоритност Сарајева огледа се у храбрости појединаца да културно уздижу град у којем живе, па су тако и прве штампарије отварали људи посебног сензибилитета за лијепу ријеч. Такође, показали су да и у најтежим временима постоје образовани људи спремни да допринесу расту културних вриједности свог града. Добро организована и сређена ријетка књига пружа нам увид у изучавање прошлости с апсекта привредног, друштвеног, економског, политичког и културног живота једног времена и на најбољи начин служи промовисању културне баштине неког краја. Матична библиотека Источно Сарајево има јасне циљеве у препознавању богате историје града Сарајева тако што дугорочно планира истраживање значајних догађаја и личности како би се обогатио фонд библиотеке. Богати фонд ријетких књига библиотека дугује значајним поклонима из приватне библиотеке професора историје Грујице Илијашевића и архитекте Милоша Сомборског.
О ФОНДУ СТАРИХ И РИЈЕТКИХ КЊИГА НАРОДНЕ И УНИВЕРЗИТЕТСКЕ БИБЛИОТЕКЕ РЕПУБЛИКЕ СРПСКЕ
Authors: Милекић Љубица , Јовић Весна , Јованић Ивана
Published: June 2023

Збирка старе и ријетке књиге Народне и универзитетске библиотеке Републике Српске је посебна и представља драгоцјеност ове установе. Смјештена је према формату. Већи дио библиографске грађе је описан и претражив у бази cobiss.rs - Кооперативном онлајн библиографском систему и сервису Републике Српске. Најзначајнија намјена и улога ове збирке је да се наша, али и страна књижевна и културна баштина сачува, заштити и буде доступна истраживачима. Основу овог рада чини идентификација појединих јединица колекције. Стара и ријетка књига, према Закону о библиотечко-информационој дјелатности („Службени гласник Републике Српске”, бр. 4/16) спада у покретно културно добро, те је посебно чуван и заштићен дио књижног фонда, који се користити само у читаоници посебних фондова. Према поменутом Закону стара библиотечка грађа временски је одређена за Републику Српску и сачињавају је рукописи, рукописне и штампане књиге настале до краја XIX вијека, те ријетке књиге, одређени примјерци периодичних издања и друга ријетка библиотечка грађа настала у XX вијеку. Ријетка грађа није временски омеђена, а чине је издања са малим тиражом, посебном опремом и димензијама, илегална, ратна издања и сл. Дио ове збирке су значајна дјела Вука Стефановића Караџића (1787-1864), једног од најпознатијих српских стваралаца XIX вијека. Најдуже чувано благо у данашњој збирци представљају књиге које су припадале некадашњој Српској читаоници коју је прије више од 150 година у Бањалуци основао Васо Пелагић. И поред великих страдања која су се дешавала на овим просторима књиге су сачуване. На челу Српске читаонице се налазио прота Душан Кецмановић, који је у сарадњи са друштвом “Просвјета”, 1936. године основао Народну библиотеку. Велики број дјела поклон је проте Душана Кецмановића, о чему постоје и записи на књигама. Фонд садржи књиге на латинском, црквенословенском, руском, српском, пољском, словеначком, француском, њемачком, енглеском те оријенталним језицима (арапском, турском и персијском). У збирци се налази и мањи број рукописа и неколико минијатурних књига. Збирци припадају и периодичне публикације које су дигитализоване. Књиге су битна грађа за различита историјска, филолошка, књижевна и друга истраживања, јер садрже велики број културолошких података.
ЗАВИЧАЈНА БАШТИНА И ВРИЈЕДНОСТИ ЗАВИЧАЈНИХ ЗБИРКИ ШКОЛСКИХ БИБЛИОТЕКА
Authors: Шарић Мирела , Вуковић Оријана
Published: June 2023

Сачувати свједочанства о својим коријенима, обичајима, историји, култури, напретку и свему што чини идентитет једног краја, његову посебност, јединственост и специфичност, једна је од темељних вриједности библиотекарства. Завичајне збирке као драгоцјен извор за истраживање и упознавање материјалних и нематеријалних добара у обавези су непрестано прикупљати наслијеђе свога краја, али га и дијелити, прилагођавајући се новим трендовима и младој публици. Школске библиотеке препознате су као изврсни чувари баштине у чије су темеље уграђене завичајне вриједности. Завичајна грађа похрањена у овим библиотекама представља заједничко благо које је обилно, разноврсно, често јединствено, али недовољно искоришћено.
ФОНДОВИ СТАРЕ И РИЈЕТКЕ КЊИГЕ У БИБЛИОТЕКАМА МУЗИЧКЕ АКАДЕМИЈЕ И ПОЉОПРИВРЕДНОГ ФАКУЛТЕТА УНИВЕРЗИТЕТА У ИСТОЧНОМ САРАЈЕВУ
Authors: Галинац Сњежана , Капор Горан
Published: June 2023

У овом раду представићемо старе и ријетке књиге коју посједују библиотеке Музичке академије и Пољопривредног факултета Универзитета у Источном Сарајеву. Рад ће бити конципиран као прегледни чланак. Приказаћемо кратку анализу значаја посједовања старе и ријетке књиге, како са аспекта библиотечке науке, тако и значаја за струку, науку и умјетност ових збирки за поменуте високошколске установе. Потрудићемо се да прикажемо реперезентативне примјерке старе и ријетке књиге с почетка 20, као и с краја 19. вијека. Важно је поменути да обе библиотеке посједују и књиге с краја 19. вијека, које представљају, не само историјску и културну баштину, него су и својеврсни показатељ стања културе, умјетности и науке у то вријеме, као и значаја штампарства и књижарства. Такође, обрадићемо часописе и гласнике коју су били значајна информациона средства онога времена, као и историјски извори о култури и умјетности која је живјела у том периоду. Рад ће обухватити и осврте на штампаре односно штампарије, врсте повеза, папира, али и комплетну опрему књиге. Негдје ћемо можда и изненадити како и са колико пажње и квалитета су ондашњи књижари и штампари придавали важност самом изгледу издања. Погледаћемо и осврнути се кроз низ фотографија, како изгледају та издања и колико су данас значајна. Један дио рада ће обухватати стару и ријетку књигу која се може представити као издање стране књига (како језика, тако и издавача), али у највишем обиму ће то бити српска штампана књига и периодика. Значај овог рада јесте у приказивању разноликости и квалитету фондова библиотека високошколских установа, а у сврху њиховог афирмисања и завршетка ере ниподаштавања постојања и рада, како библиотека овог типа, тако и афирмисања рада библиотекара.
High-Throughput Library Transgenesis in Caenorhabditis elegans via Transgenic Arrays Resulting in Diversity of Integrated Sequences (TARDIS)
Authors: Stevenson Zachary C. , Moerdyk-Schauwecker Megan J. , Banse Stephen A. , Patel Dhaval S. , Lu Hang , Phillips Patrick C.
Published: June 2023

High-throughput transgenesis using synthetic DNA libraries is a powerful method for systematically exploring genetic function. Diverse synthesized libraries have been used for protein engineering, identification of protein-protein interactions, characterization of promoter libraries, developmental and evolutionary lineage tracking, and various other exploratory assays. However, the need for library transgenesis has effectively restricted these approaches to single-cell models. Here we present Transgenic Arrays Resulting in Diversity of Integrated Sequences (TARDIS), a simple yet powerful approach to large-scale transgenesis that overcomes typical limitations encountered in multicellular systems. TARDIS splits the transgenesis process into a two-step process: creation of individuals carrying experimentally introduced sequence libraries, followed by inducible extraction and integration of individual sequences/library components from the larger library cassette into engineered genomic sites. Thus, transformation of a single individual, followed by lineage expansion and functional transgenesis, gives rise to thousands of genetically unique transgenic individuals. We demonstrate the power of this system using engineered, split selectable TARDIS sites in Caenorhabditis elegans to generate (1) a large set of individually barcoded lineages and (2) transcriptional reporter lines from pre-defined promoter libraries. We find that this approach increases transformation yields up to approximately 1000-fold over current single-step methods. While we demonstrate the utility of TARDIS using C. elegans, in principle the process is adaptable to any system where experimentally generated genomic loci landing pads and diverse, heritable DNA elements can be generated.
Exploratory mass cytometry analysis reveals immunophenotypes of cancer treatment-related pneumonitis
Authors: Yanagihara Toyoshi , Hata Kentaro , Matsubara Keisuke , Kunimura Kazufumi , Suzuki Kunihiro , Tsubouchi Kazuya , Ikegame Satoshi , Baba Yoshihiro , Fukui Yoshinori , Okamoto Isamu
Published: June 2023

Anti-cancer treatments can result in various adverse effects, including infections due to immune suppression/dysregulation and drug-induced toxicity in the lung. One of the major opportunistic infections is Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP), which can cause severe respiratory complications and high mortality rates. Cytotoxic drugs and immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) can induce interstitial lung diseases (ILDs). Nonetheless, the differentiation of these diseases can be difficult, and the pathogenic mechanisms of such diseases are not yet fully understood. To better comprehend the immunophenotypes, we conducted an exploratory mass cytometry analysis of immune cell subsets in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from patients with PCP, cytotoxic drug-induced ILD (DI-ILD), and ICI-associated ILD (ICI-ILD) using two panels containing 64 markers. In PCP, we observed an expansion of the CD16+ T cell population, with the highest CD16+ T proportion in a fatal case. In ICI-ILD, we found an increase in CD57+CD8+ T cells expressing immune checkpoints (TIGIT+ LAG3+ TIM-3+ PD-1+), FCRL5+B cells, and CCR2+ CCR5+ CD14+ monocytes. These findings uncover the diverse immunophenotypes and possible pathomechanisms of cancer treatment-related pneumonitis.
Alternative activation
Authors: Young Kristen , Fanning Sean
Published: June 2023

A detailed study of the orphan receptor Nurr1, a regulator implicated in neurodegenerative diseases, reveals a new way for ligands to control their transcriptional activity.
Phylogeography and population genetic structure of the cardinal tetra (Paracheirodon axelrodi) in the Orinoco basin and Negro River (Amazon basin): evaluating connectivity and historical patterns of diversification
Authors: Sanchez-Bernal Diana , Martinez José Gregorio , Farias Izeni Pires , Hrbek Tomas , Caballero Susana
Published: June 2023

The Neotropics contain one of the most diverse assemblages of freshwater fishes worldwide. Part of this diversity is shared between the Orinoco and Amazon basins. These basins have been separated for a long time due to the Vaupes Arch, rising between 10–11 Ma. Today, there is only one permanent connection between the Orinoco and Negro (Amazon) basins, known as the Casiquiare Canal. However, alternative corridors allowing fish dispersion between both basins have been proposed. The cardinal tetra (Paracheirodon axelrodi), the most important fish in the ornamental world market, is distributed in both basins. Here we investigated P. axelrodi phylogeography, population structure, and potential routes of migration and connectivity between the two basins. A total of 468 bp of the mitochondrial gene (COI), 555 bp of the nuclear gene fragment (MYH6), and eight microsatellite loci were analyzed. As a result, we found two major genetic clusters as the most likely scenario (K = 2), but they were not discreetly distributed between basins. A gradient of genetic admixture was observed in Cucui and São Gabriel da Cachoeira, between the upper Negro River and the upper Orinoco. Samples from the middle-lower Negro River were highly structured. Cucui (Negro basin) was more similar to the Orinoco than to the rest of the Negro basin populations. However, substructure was also observed by the discriminant analysis, fixation indices and other hierarchichal structure analyses (K = 3 − 6), showing three major geographic clusters: Orinoco, Cucui, and the remaining Negro basin. Unidirectional migration patterns were detected between basins: via Cucui toward Orinoco and via the remaining of the Negro basin toward Orinoco. Results from the Relaxed Random Walk analysis support a very recent origin of this species in the headwater Orinoco basin (Western Guiana Shield, at late Pleistocene) with a later rapid colonization of the remaining Orinoco basin and almost simultaneously the Negro River via Cucui, between 0.115 until about 0.001 Ma. Historical biogeography and population genetic patterns observed here for Cardinal tetra, seem to be better explained by river capture, physical, or ecological barriers than due to the geographic distance.
Transformação digital e seguro: uma revisão sistemática da literatura
Authors: Barcelos Vanessa Azevedo , Dos Santos André Moraes
Published: June 2023

A inteligência artificial tem se mostrado como a principal fonte de desenvolvimento e tecnologia para o mercado de trabalho atual. No setor dos seguros, percebe-se um grande investimento em IA na automatização dos processos e na relação on-line seguradora-cliente. Esta revisão sistemática teve como objetivo analisar a relação da transformação digital com o uso da inteligência artificial na área do seguro. Após duas chaves de busca aplicadas na plataforma Scopus, chegou-se ao número de 1.179 artigos, dos quais 71 entraram para análise após aplicados critérios de exclusão e inclusão. Os principais temas encontrados na área do seguro foram: uso da IA para detecção de fraude, como a IA influencia a seguridade dos riscos e o impacto da IA ao longo da cadeia de precificação. Estes achados podem ser uteis às empresas para escolha dos modelos de máquina, seleção de recursos, otimização de estratégias e qualificação de negócios.
Identification of Microplastics in Plastic Bottled Drinking Water Using Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) and Raman Spectroscopy
Authors: Osoro Brian Obare , Ndegwa Robinson , Ombati Wilson Nyang’au , Gwaro Jared Ombiro
Published: June 2023

Microplastics contamination in drinking water is a growing concern globally as reported in recent papers. Here we report an investigation on the identification and classification of microplastics present in bottled drinking water using Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. Different brands of bottled drinking water from different manufacturers were sampled for this investigation in Kenya. Rapid classification and identification of microplastics polymer types presence in the sampled water was done with Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy, and Raman Spectroscopy. The two techniques were used to determine molecular and atomic information of various MP polymers detected using scattered signal and plasma spectra. Five polymers polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene (PE), polystyrene (PS), polypropylene (PP) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) were successfully detected and identified in the sampled water. Among the five polymers, the most common was PE, which was observed in 5 out of the 14 samples (35.71%). The second most dominant polymer was PET, which was detected in 4 out of the 14 samples (28.57%). Three polymers, PS (14.28%) and PP (14.28%) were detected in 2 out of 14 samples each, while PVC (7.14%) was identified in 1 sample. All the particles detected had sizes ranging between 20 µm to 70 µm. The findings clearly demonstrate possible contamination of bottled drinking water with microplastics. Raman spectroscopy and Laser Induced Breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) are promising techniques for detection and identification of microplastics in bottled drinking water.
Assessment of Spatial Variability of Soil Properties Using Geospatial Techniques for Enhanced Productive Capacity of Agricultural Systems in India
Authors: Arunkumar V. , Yuvaraj M. , Sakthivel K. , Jamuna E. , Ananthi K.
Published: June 2023

Soil is an important source of available nutrients. Either shortage or surplus of available nutrients in the soil would limit growth of crops. Understanding the spatial variability and distribution patterns of soil available nutrients is essential for soil management with respect to fertilizer application. A total of 111 geo-referenced soil samples were collected on 300 m x 300 m grid at a depth of 0–15 cm, processed and analyzed for pH, EC, soil organic carbon (SOC), available nitrogen (AN), available phosphorus (AP), available potassium (AK), available sulphur (AS), available iron (Fe), available manganese (Mn), available zinc (Zn)  and available copper (Cu). Soil properties coefficients of variation (CVs) of soil properties widely varied from low (5.22%) to moderate (49.28%). The geostatistics and geographic information system (GIS) techniques were applied. Ordinary kriging and semivariogram analysis showed differed spatial variability patterns for the studied soil properties with spatial dependence ranged from moderate to strong. The semivariograms for the soil properties were best fitted with spherical model. The range of influence for available N, P, K and S were 268, 287, 497 and 706 m, respectively.  The spatial ranges of available Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu were 1050, 1150, 1470, and 1430 m, respectively. The spatial dependence class was strong for EC, SOC, available P, K and was moderate for available N, S, Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu. The available N and P is categorized as low (<280 kg ha-1) and low (<11 kg ha-1) to medium (<22 kg ha-1), respectively were the main limiting factors in crop production.  The availability K was categorized as medium (118-280 kg ha-1) to high (> 280 kg ha -1).  The soil nutrient maps generated would help to provide precise fertilizer recommendations for sustainable production and environmental conservation.
Effect of Drip Fertigation on Growth, Yield and Quality of Ratoon Sugarcane
Authors: N. N. Annappa , M. A. Ananthakumar , M. N. Thimmegowda , G. G. Kadalli
Published: June 2023

A field experiment was conducted at Zonal Agricultural Research Station, V.C. Farm, Mandya, Karnataka, India during Kharif 2020-21. The effect of water-soluble fertilizers on performance of ratoon sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) as influenced by fertigation through surface drip irrigation was studied. The soil at the experimental site was red sandy loam with neutral pH (6.7), normal electrical conductivity (0.21dS m-1), medium organic carbon (5.2 g kg-1), low available nitrogen (275 kg ha-1), medium phosphorus (35 kg ha-1) and potassium content (280 kg ha-1). The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications comprising seven treatments using VCF-0517 sugarcane mild late (12-14 months) maturing variety. The application of WSF at 125 per cent RDF (312.5:125:156:N:P2O5:K2O) through drip fertigation showed significantly superior growth and yield attributes viz., plant height (357.0 cm), no. of tillers clump-1 (15.0), internode length (16.67 cm), cane dry weight (54.8 t ha-1), millable canes (8.17 clump-1), cane length (341.67 cm), cane girth (3.30 cm), single cane weight (2.40 kg), number of internodes cane-1 (21.40) and cane yield (182.67 t ha-1). Also, superior juice qualities such as juice extraction percentage (70) and sugar yield (20.88 t ha-1) were recorded. The results clearly indicated application of water-soluble fertilizers at 125 per cent RDF through surface drip fertigation resulted in higher growth and yield of sugarcane due to enhanced water and nutrient use efficiency.
Unraveling the Genetic Architecture of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Using Variability, Correlation, Path analysis and Diversity Analysis: Insights for Crop Improvement Strategies
Authors: Kumar P. Arun Sai , Delvadiya I. R. , Murali S. , Ginoya A. V.
Published: June 2023

The present study aimed to assess the genetic architecture of rice through various biometrical techniques and this was achieved through a field experiment conducted during the Kharif 2022 season utilizing 23 distinct genotypes of rice. The trial was performed at the field experimentation center, Department of genetics and plant breeding, School of agriculture, Lovely Professional University. The research concluded that the highest genotypic and phenotypic coefficients of variation were for the number of productive tillers per plant, grain L/B ratio and grain yield per plant. Additionally, high heritability was observed for all traits except for kernel breadth. The investigation also explains high genetic advance as a percent of the mean for all traits except spikelet fertility and kernel breadth. Grain yield per plant had a significant positive genotypic correlation with the number of productive tillers per plant, filled grains per panicle, and total number of grains. Path analysis revealed that kernel L/B ratio, kernel length, filled grains per panicle, total number of grains, and number of productive tillers per plant had the maximum positive direct effects. The study suggests that selection based on these traits could be more effective in improving rice yield. The germplasms falling in different clusters with high mean for grain yield and other component characters can be utilized for hybridization programme to obtain elite segregants.
Factors Associated With Liver Transplant Referral Among Patients With Cirrhosis at Multiple Safety-Net Hospitals
Authors: Yilma Mignote , Kim Nicole J. , Shui Amy M. , Tana Michele , Landis Charles , Chen Ariana , Bangaru Saroja , Mehta Neil , Zhou Kali
Published: June 2023

Importance

A high proportion of underserved patients with cirrhosis receive care at safety-net hospitals (SNHs). While liver transplant (LT) can be a life-saving treatment for cirrhosis, data on referral patterns from SNHs to LT centers are lacking.

Objective

To identify factors associated with LT referral within the SNH context.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This retrospective cohort study included 521 adult patients with cirrhosis and model for end-stage liver disease–sodium (MELD-Na) scores of 15 or greater. Participants received outpatient hepatology care at 3 SNHs between January 1, 2016, and December 31, 2017, with end of follow-up on May 1, 2022.

Exposures

Patient demographic characteristics, socioeconomic status, and liver disease factors.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Primary outcome was referral for LT. Descriptive statistics were used to describe patient characteristics. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to evaluate factors associated with LT referral. Multiple chained imputation was used to address missing values.

Results

Of 521 patients, 365 (70.1%) were men, the median age was 60 (IQR, 52-66) years, most (311 [59.7%]) were Hispanic or Latinx, 338 (64.9%) had Medicaid insurance, and 427 (82.0%) had a history of alcohol use (127 [24.4%] current vs 300 [57.6%] prior). The most common liver disease etiology was alcohol associated liver disease (280 [53.7%]), followed by hepatitis C virus infection (141 [27.1%]). Median MELD-Na score was 19 (IQR, 16-22). One hundred forty-five patients (27.8%) were referred for LT. Of these, 51 (35.2%) were wait-listed, and 28 (19.3%) underwent LT. In a multivariable model, male sex (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 0.50 [95% CI, 0.31-0.81]), Black race vs Hispanic or Latinx ethnicity (AOR, 0.19 [95% CI, 0.04-0.89]), uninsured status (AOR, 0.40 [95% CI, 0.18-0.89]), and hospital site (AOR, 0.40 [95% CI, 0.18-0.87]) were associated with lower odds of being referred. Reasons for not being referred (n = 376) included active alcohol use and/or limited sobriety (123 [32.7%]), insurance issues (80 [21.3%]), lack of social support (15 [4.0%]), undocumented status (7 [1.9%]), and unstable housing (6 [1.6%]).

Conclusions

In this cohort study of SNHs, less than one-third of patients with cirrhosis and MELD-Na scores of 15 or greater were referred for LT. The identified sociodemographic factors negatively associated with LT referral highlight potential intervention targets and opportunities to standardize LT referral practices to increase access to life-saving transplant among underserved patients.
The roles of molecular chaperones in regulating cell metabolism
Authors: Binder Matthew J. , Pedley Anthony M.
Published: June 2023

Fluctuations in nutrient and biomass availability, often as a result of disease, impart metabolic challenges that must be overcome in order to sustain cell survival and promote proliferation. Cells adapt to these environmental changes and stresses by adjusting their metabolic networks through a series of regulatory mechanisms. Our understanding of these rewiring events has largely been focused on those genetic transformations that alter protein expression and the biochemical mechanisms that change protein behavior, such as post‐translational modifications and metabolite‐based allosteric modulators. Mounting evidence suggests that a class of proteome surveillance proteins called molecular chaperones also can influence metabolic processes. Here, we summarize several ways the Hsp90 and Hsp70 chaperone families act on human metabolic enzymes and their supramolecular assemblies to change enzymatic activities and metabolite flux. We further highlight how these chaperones can assist in the translocation and degradation of metabolic enzymes. Collectively, these studies provide a new view for how metabolic processes are regulated to meet cellular demand and inspire new avenues for therapeutic intervention.
Sustainability
Authors: Attfield Robin
Published: June 2023

The concept of sustainability, like the related concept of sustainable development, has come to be used in multiple ways. This results from the endorsement of sustainable development, in the face of global environmental problems and problems of poverty and underdevelopment, by the World Commission on Environment and Development in the Brundtland Report and its subsequent adoption by over 180 countries at the Rio Summit in 1992. Governments, corporations, their advisors, and think‐tanks then had strong incentives to reinterpret or redefine this policy to which all were by now committed; hence the multiple and divergent uses of “sustainability.” Yet addressing the original problems remains more crucial than ever.
Scheler, Max
Authors: Kelly Eugene
Published: June 2023

Max Ferdinand Scheler was born in Munich. He made significant contributions to philosophical anthropology; to ethics, including an important critique of Kantian deontology; to epistemology, especially the sociology of knowledge; to metaphysics; and to philosophy of religion. He entered university at Jena, but transferred to Berlin to study medicine. There he came under the influence of Wilhelm Dilthey, who turned him to the study of philosophy. He returned to Jena, where he studied with Rudolf Eucken, a philosopher with ties to German Idealism. He received under Eucken both his doctorate in 1897 and his habilitation in 1899. He began as a lecturer in Jena after 1900 and moved to Munich as a Privatdozent in 1906. In 1902, he became familiar with the work of Edmund Husserl and the concept of phenomenology. After 1913, he worked with Husserl and others as an editor of the chief organ of the phenomenological movement,Jahrbuch für Phänomenologie und philosophische Forschung. He converted to Catholicism in 1899 and, until his denial of theism in or about 1921, he was an influential Catholic thinker.
Charity
Authors: Cullity Garrett
Published: June 2023

In the tradition of Western ethical thought, “charity” refers to two ideas. Although now distinguishable, they are historically connected. The first is an attitude: the attitude of selfless love that is treated in the Christian tradition as the most fundamental of the moral virtues. The second is a kind of action: the action of rendering voluntary material assistance to those who need it. Derivative from this second idea is the current use of “a charity” to refer to an organization through which such assistance is coordinated. Core questions about charity discussed within philosophical ethics include questions about its scope, proper aims, justification, and merit, its obligatoriness, and its relation to other ethical ideals with which it can seem to be in competition – ideals such as justice, self‐realization, and relationships of special attachment. There are also important ethical questions concerning the operation of charitable organizations.
Kant, Immanuel
Authors: Wood Allen W.
Published: June 2023

The ethical theory of Immanuel Kant (1724–1804) is one of the greatest and most characteristic creations of the European Enlightenment. It exercises continuing influence on moral philosophers and the wider moral and political culture generally. The fundamental idea on which Kantian ethics is based is that the same basic moral principles are objectively binding on all of us because they can be regarded by us as legislated by our own rational capacity to govern our lives. An equally important part of the Kantian vision is that all human beings have equal dignity as members of the moral community, constituting an ideal “realm of ends.” Ethical principles are conceived as the ones that would require people to join with others in the shared pursuit of a system of ends that respects the dignity (or absolute worth) and provides equally for the happiness of all.