bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enhanced metacognition for unexpected action outcomes
Authors: Yon Daniel
Published: December 2020

Metacognition allows us to explicitly represent the uncertainty in our perceptions and decisions. Recent theories suggest that we use predictive models of our environment to optimise these introspective processes, but extant accounts disagree about the role prediction plays: some accounts suggest that we should have more sensitive subjective insight for predictable events, while others stress that metacognition should be enhanced for surprising prediction errors. Here two experiments compare these accounts. Participants performed actions to generate visual outcomes that could move in expected or unexpected directions. Across both experiments, signal detection analyses revealed enhanced metacognition for unexpected outcomes. A combination of reverse correlation and computational modelling suggested this advantage arose because metacognitive processes are more sensitive to unexpected information. These results are consistent with higher order inference models of introspective awareness and point to a mechanism that may optimise diverse aspects of cognition and behaviour in an unstable world.
The Authoritarian Predisposition, Perceived Threat, and Trust in Political Institutions
Authors: Dunn Kris
Published: December 2020

The more authoritarian an individual, the more socio-culturally conservative their attitudes and the more they yield to authority. The more authoritarian should, therefore, be more supportive of political institutions than their more libertarian counterparts. Building on recent research, I further hypothesize that differences across authoritarianism in support for political institutions will narrow among those who perceive greater threat. Utilizing data from the World Values Survey, I conduct a series of multilevel analyses examining the relationship between authoritarianism and confidence in the armed forces, police, parliament, government, and courts, conditional on perceived threat. The results demonstrate the more authoritarian are more trusting of political institutions and this relationship is, for some institutions, conditional on perceived threat. These findings add to our understanding of how values orientations can affect individual trust in government institutions and why support for more aggressive solutions to societal problems may dominate when perceived threat becomes more commonplace.
Estimating the statistical power to detect set size effects in contralateral delay activity
Authors: Ngiam William Xiang Quan , Adam Kirsten C. S. , Quirk Colin , Vogel Edward K. , Awh Ed
Published: December 2020

The contralateral delay activity (CDA) is an event-related potential component commonly used to examine the online processes of visual working memory. Here, we provide a robust analysis of the statistical power that is needed to achieve reliable and reproducible results with the CDA. Using two very large EEG datasets that examined the contrast between CDA amplitude with set sizes 2 and 6 items (Unsworth et al., 2015) and set sizes 2 and 4 items (Hakim et al., 2019), we present a subsampling analysis that estimates the statistical power achieved with varying numbers of subjects and trials based on the proportion of significant tests in 10,000 iterations. We also generated simulated data using Bayesian multilevel modelling to estimate power beyond the bounds of the original datasets. The number of trials and subjects required depends critically on the effect size. Detecting the presence of the CDA – a reliable difference between contralateral and ipsilateral electrodes during the memory period – required only 30-50 clean trials with a sample of 25 subjects to achieve approximately 80% statistical power. However, for detecting a difference in CDA amplitude between two set sizes, a substantially larger number of trials and subjects was required; approximately 400 clean trials with 25 subjects to achieve 80% power. Thus, to achieve robust tests of how CDA activity differs across conditions, it is essential to be mindful of the estimated effect size. We recommend researchers designing experiments to detect set size differences in the CDA collect substantially more trials per subject.
Potential Potholes: Predicting Challenges and Learning Outcomes in Research Methods in Psychology Courses
Authors: Stoa Rosalyn , Chu Tsz Lun , Gurung Regan A. R.
Published: December 2020

Identifying impediments to learning can help both instructors and students. In this study students (N ¼ 222) from across the nationlisted concepts from research methods they found the most challenging—“potholes” or impediments to learning, and also ratedthe difficulty of various concepts from the class. We also measured student attitudes and perceptions of the course. Our resultsshowed validity is one of the hardest concepts for students to understand in RM. Not surprisingly, within a list of concepts inresearch methods, students tend to be tripped up by terms of similar grouping. Perceptions of a research methods course wasstrongly related to the students’ attitudes and canonical correlation analysis revealed several important findings from our data set.For example, we found that when students perceive more value, expectancy for success, cognitive strategies, and resourcesmanagement strategies, they are less likely to be challenged by the concepts of samples and variables and threats to internalvalidity. Our findings provide a clear map of student potholes in research methods courses and suggest ways to change studentattitudes about the same.
Genetic influences on tone? New experimental evidence and its consequences for linguistics.
Authors: Dediu Dan , Ladd D. Robert
Published: December 2020

In 2007, we used a cross-linguistic statistical analysis to show that there seems to be a negative correlation between the population frequency of the “derived” alleles of two genes involved in brain growth and development, ASPM and Microcephalin (or MCHP1), and the use of tone in the language(s) spoken by the population. Despite our best attempts at disentangling the confounding effects of contact and genealogical inheritance, and the fact that these correlations stood out among millions of similar correlations between multiple genetic markers and linguistic features, this was, at best, a statistical association and, at worst, a false positive. However, new experimental evidence has recently been published independently of us, showing that the negative correlation between the “derived” allele of ASPM and tone perception and/or processing is present at the level of inter-individual differences among more than 400 native speakers of Cantonese, providing strong support for our initial findings (on the other hand, there is no signal for MCPH1). Here we contextualize and summarize these experimental findings, we address some remaining puzzles (including MCHP1 and the absence of tone in Australia), and we discuss the implications of these results for the language sciences.
Personality Traits in the International Classification of Diseases 11th Revision (ICD-11)
Authors: Oltmanns Joshua R.
Published: December 2020

Purpose of review: The ICD-11 officially adopted a dimensional system of personality disorder that was a paradigm shift for the classification of personality disorders. The purpose of this article is to review the growing amount of research on one component of that system—the personality trait domain model. Importantly, several self-report measures have been developed to measure the ICD-11 domains and have been subjected to initial validation through examination of their factor structure, multi-method use, convergent and discriminant validity with other prominent dimensional personality models (such as the Five-Factor Model), and criterion validity for important life outcomes. Recent Findings: Studies indicate the ICD-11 domains align with the Five-Factor Model and prior influential models of dimensional personality traits, as expected, and thus rest on an impressive body of empirical research. They also capture large amounts of variance included in the ICD-10/DSM-5 Section II personality disorders. Summary: Together these findings support the construct validity of the ICD-11 trait domains. However, continued validation research is necessary, as well as research on how to implement these domains into clinical practice, and research on the more specific facet-level of the trait domains—although the ICD-11 model is only officially at the domain-level.
Hidden Markov Models of Evidence Accumulation in Speeded Decision Tasks
Authors: Kucharský Šimon , Tran N.-Han , Veldkamp Karel , Raijmakers Maartje Eusebia Josefa , Visser Ingmar
Published: December 2020

Speeded decision tasks are usually modeled within the evidence accumulation framework, enabling inferences on latent cognitive parameters, and capturing dependencies between the observed response times and accuracy. An example is the speed-accuracy trade-off, where people sacrifice speed for accuracy (or vice versa). Different views on this phenomenon lead to the idea that participants may not be able to control this trade-off on a continuum, but rather switch between distinct states (Dutilh, et al., 2010).Hidden Markov models are used to account for switching between distinct states. However, combining evidence accumulation models with a hidden Markov structure is a challenging problem, as evidence accumulation models typically come with identification and computational issues that make them challenging on their own. Thus, hidden Markov models have not used the evidence accumulation framework, giving up on the inference on the latent cognitive parameters, or capturing potential dependencies between response times and accuracy within the states.This article presents a model that uses an evidence accumulation model as part of a hidden Markov structure. This model is considered as a proof of principle that evidence accumulation models can be combined with Markov switching models. As such, the article considers a very simple case of a simplified Linear Ballistic Accumulation. An extensive simulation study was conducted to validate the model's implementation according to principles of robust Bayesian workflow. Example reanalysis of data from Dutilh, et al. (2010) demonstrates the application of the new model. The article concludes with limitations and future extensions or alternatives to the model and its application.
STEM undergraduates’ perspectives of instructor and university responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in Spring 2020
Authors: Pagoto Sherry L. , Lewis Kathrine A. , Groshon Laurie , Palmer Lindsay , Waring Molly E. , Workman Deja , De Luna Nina , Brown Nathanial P.
Published: December 2020

Objectives: We examined undergraduate STEM students’ experiences during Spring 2020 when universities switched to remote instruction due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Specifically, we sought to understand actions by universities and instructors that students found effective or ineffective, as well as instructor behaviors that conveyed a sense of caring or not caring about their students’ success. Methods: In July 2020 we conducted 16 focus groups with STEM undergraduate students enrolled in US colleges and universities (N=59). Focus groups were stratified by gender, race/ethnicity, and socioeconomic status. Thematic analyses were conducted on the data. Results: Participants (N=59; 51% female) were racially/ethnically diverse (76% race/ethnicity other than non-Hispanic white) and from 32 colleges and universities. The most common effective instructor strategies mentioned included hybrid instruction (35%) and use of multiple tools for learning and student engagement (27%). The most common ineffective strategies mentioned were increasing the course workload or difficulty level (18%) and use of pre-recorded lectures (15%). The most common behaviors cited as making students feel the instructor cared about their success were exhibiting leniency and/or flexibility regarding course policies or assessments (29%) and being responsive and accessible to students (25%). The most common behaviors cited as conveying the instructors did not care included poor communication skills (28%) and increasing the difficulty of the course (15%). University actions students found helpful included flexible policies (41%) and moving key services online (e.g., tutoring, counseling; 24%). Students felt universities should have created policies for faculty and departments to increase consistency (26%) and ensured communication strategies were honest, prompt, and transparent (23%). Conclusions: To be prepared for future emergencies, universities should devise evidence-based policies for remote operations and all instructors should be trained in best practices for remote instruction. Research is needed to identify and ameliorate negative impacts of the pandemic on STEM education.
History of and Aftermath from the Withdrawal of the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty
Authors: Berliner Aaron , Hecla Jake , Bondin Michael , Mullen Austin , Amundson Kelsey , Camacena Elena Osorio , Droster Alex , Ermakova Dinara , Nagel Tyler Scott , Nappi Nicole L. , Oosterbaan Katherine J. , Stevenson Sarah R. , Willett Chelsea D. , Matthews Eric F. , Lee Manseok , Van Bibber Karl , Nacht Michael
Published: December 2020

On February 1, 2019, the United States and Russia withdrew from the three-decades old Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces (INF) treaty. Events precipitating the withdrawal were allegations by both the United States and Russia of a variety of treaty violations. Until that point, the treaty had been a centerpiece of arms control and a key agreement of the global security architecture. The absence of such a pillar has the potential destabilize the status quo of arms control, creating significant uncertainty in global nuclear stability and security. In this paper, we present a historical review as overture to an analysis on the impacts of this development on force structure. This analysis examines the changes in U.S., Russian, and Chinese nuclear forces which may occur as a result of the treaty's demise. The article concludes with commentary on potential actions to preserve stability in a post-INF world.
Where Are You From? Assortative Mating by Place of Origin in the United States
Authors: CHENG HAO-CHUN
Published: December 2020

Previous studies showed that assortative mating occurred based on different social dimensions, such as age, education, and race or ethnicity. However, these studies ignored the potential impact of place of origin on people’s place identity and habitus and their associations with assortative mating in the United States. Using the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID), in conjunction with the Current Population Survey (CPS), this study finds a clear pattern of assortative mating based on place of origin. Moreover, the results suggest that there are regional differences in assortative mating by place of origin, especially for women. Also, the length of residence shapes people’s habitus and thus the pattern of homogeneous matching by place of origin. The significant effects of race or ethnicity and the conditions of the marriage market before marriage vary by scale of place and gender. These findings suggest that place of origin is another dimension of assortative mating.
Desert locust and its management in Nepal: a review
Authors: Shrestha Suraj , Thakur Gaurav , Gautam Jayanti , Acharya Namoona , Pandey Meena , Shrestha Jiban
Published: December 2020

Locusts are among the most dangerous agricultural pests. They are a group of short horned grasshoppers belonging to Acrididae family and are hemimetabolous insects. This group of grasshoppers have a unique character of changing habits and behaviors when they aggregate in a group and this habit is catalyzed by different environmental factors. In the adult stage, gregarious locusts migrate from one place to another in a swarm. Desert Locust, Schistocerca gregaria (Forksal), is one of those locusts which cause damage to different types of crop which fly in the direction of wind up to a distance of 150 km. Because of polyphagous feeding habits and swarming in a plague (large group of adults), this pest is considered as the hazardous migratory pest. These pests entered Nepal for the first time in 1962 and then in 1996. In 2020 the pest entered the country from India on three different dates 27th June and continued till 29th (5 districts), 12th July (1 district), and 16th July (2 districts). The swarms migrated to 53 districts and caused the considerable loss in agricultural and field crop in 1118 hectare. These pests are monitored on the basis of environmental factors and many tools and practices such as eLocust3, SMELLS (Soil Moisture for Desert Locust Early Survey), P-locust and SUPARCO Disaster Watch Desert Locust Situation Alert are being used. Their control is critical to food security. Many tools and techniques are integrated for prevention and management of these pests to minimize damage in the existing crops where they migrate. These are physical methods, cultural methods, use of botanicals, green muscle, PAN (phenylacetonitrile) and chemicals. Effective preventive management strategy relies on an improved knowledge of the pest biology, more efficient monitoring and control techniques.
Evaluation of host-specificity of Zygogramma bicolorata Pallister (Coleoptra: Chrysomelidae) for the biological control of Parthenium hysterophorus L. (Asteraceae: Heliantheae) in Nepal
Authors: Bajracharya Ajaya Shree Ratna , Thapa Resham Bahadur , KC Gopal Bahadur , Pradhan Shree Baba , Ranjit Jagat Devi
Published: December 2020

Host-specificity test of Zygogramma bicolorata Pallister (Coleoptra: Chrysomelidae) was conducted in the field and laboratory of National Entomology Research Center, Khumaltar, Lalitpur, Nepal during April to September, 2017. Multiple-choice and no-choice tests were conducted on Agerataum houstoniamum Mill., Bidens pilosa L., Chrysanthemum indicum L., Dahlia pinnata Cav, Guizotia abyssinica L., Helianthus annuus L., Lactuca sativa L., Parthenium hysterophorus L., Perilla frutescence L., Xanthium strumarium L., Zinnia elegans Jacq. and Jasminum officinale L. Among tested plant species, P. hysterophorus was only a preferred host of Z. bicolorata on which both larvae and adults fed. Ovipostion, larval development, pupation and adult emergence of Z. bicolorata occurred successfully on P. hysterophorus completing its life cycle. Larvae consumed H. anuus but could not pupate, and adults fed on it when starved for 5 days in no-choice test.   Both adults and larvae of Z. bicolorata consumed X. strumarium and completed larval and pupal developments, but adults did not oviposit. Adult longevity was significantly reduced after feeding on H. annus (19.00 days) and X. strumarium (29.33 days) compared to P. hysterophorus (83.33 days).
Efficiency in the treatment of three livestock manures through a composting process with mechanized turning
Authors: Strapazzon Ari João , Theves Fernanda Aline Blatt , Wiesel Patrik Gustavo , Lobo Eduardo Alcayaga
Published: December 2020

This research aimed to evaluate the efficiency of the treatment of manure from three livestock production units (cattle, swine, and poultry), through composting with mechanized turning and incorporation of natural substrate (wood sawdust) in rural properties in the municipalities of Farroupilha, Relvado, and Caxias do Sul, State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The experimental design consisted of nine treatments, three for each type of manure. These were classified as: T1 (cattle manure plus wood sawdust), T2 (swine manure plus wood sawdust), and T3 (poultry manure plus wood sawdust). The process involved the daily turning of the windrows by a mechanized process and sampling was carried out in triplicate at 60, 120, and 180 days of composting, between the months of July 2018 and July 2019. After each sampling, samples were properly stored and sent to the Chemistry Laboratory of the University of Santa Cruz do Sul for analysis of the following variables: Calcium (Ca), Cation Exchange Capacity (CTC), Phosphorus (P), Magnesium (Mg), Nitrogen (N), pH, and Potassium (K). Temperature measurements were made on the spot every 15 days. At the end of the experiment, all treatments reached the standards of humidity, temperature, pH, and NPK, established in Normative Instruction No. 25/200 for organic fertilizers, from the Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock of Brazil. Thus, the results demonstrated the efficiency of the mechanized composting process for the treatment of bovine, swine, and poultry manure, producing a high-quality organic compost.
Semiotika Puisi “Unsyu̅datu Al-Amwa̅t” Karya Na̅zik Al-Mala̅ikah
Authors: Fadhilah Fina Nur , Wahab, S.S., M.Ag Yusroh -
Published: December 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui makna heuristik dan hermeneutik pada puisi “Unsyūdatu al-Amwāt” dan untuk mengungkapkan pandangan Nāzīk al-Malāikah tentang kematian pada puisinya “Unsyūdatu al-Amwāt”. Penelitian ini menggunakan teori semiotik Riffaterre meliputi pembacaan heuristik dan hermeneutik. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif analisis. Adapun hasil penelitian: 1) Pembacaan heuristik puisi ini mengungkapkan kondisi rakyat Irak yang diwakili oleh penyair atas kematian yang merajalela dan segala yang terjadi di wilayahnya  sekaligus mengandung kritikan terhadap para penguasanya dan mengandung pesan untuk mereka dan rakyat Irak. 2) Pembacaan hermeneutik puisi ini menceritakan tentang tanda-tanda menjelang kematian, gambaran ketika kematian itu menghampiri seseorang, orang-orang yang siap menghadapinya, menggambarkan penderitaan rakyat dan kondisi negaranya yang tidak aman, dendam rakyat terhadap penjajah serta penguasa dzalim di negaranya, rakyat yang bermimpi untuk kembali hidup bahagia, dan orang-orang yang tertawa di atas penderitaan yang dialaminya. 3) Pada puisi ini, Nāzīk mengungkapkan bahwa kematian menurutnya adalah terpisahnya ruh dari jasad manusia yakni meninggal dunia sehingga kematian bukanlah hal yang mengerikan dan menakutkan. Kematian tersebut merupakan suatu ketetapan yang harus dihadapi siapapun dan tidak dapat diketahui waktu kedatangannya. Kematian juga merupakan hilangnya rasa kepedulian atau jiwa kemanusiaan pada hati manusia sehingga seseorang yang mengalami kematian seperti ini berarti hatinya keras atau hatinya mati.
المعجم في المصلطحات التعليمية وتطويره في تعليم اللغة العربية (بالتطبيق على طلبة قسم تعليم اللغة العربية بجامعة السلطان أماي الإسلامية الحكومية غورونتالو)
Authors: Miolo Mukhtar I
Published: December 2020

Indeed, the urgency of the dictionary in foreign language learning - especially Arabic - is something that does not need a special report when we realize that past studies have confirmed that a teacher reduces his role in a lesson. A teacher should focus more on learning to students by using media that can help students to acquire language in a successful and effective way. A dictionary would be very effective if designed according to the needs of the students.The purpose of this study is to: 1) describe the characteristics of the dictionary in terms of learning that has been developed 2) describe the extent to which the feasibility of the developed dictionary 3) Describe the effectiveness of learning Arabic language using a developed dictionary.The research method used in this research is research and development method of Sugiyono development model. The assessment steps are: 1) Needs analysis, 2) Data collection, 3) Product design, 4) Product development, 5) Expert validation, 6) Product revision, 7) Field test, 8) Product revision, and 9) Product end. Research data in the form of quantitative and qualitative data. The data source of this research is one expert Arabic field and one design expert. The data collection techniques used are questionnaires and tests.The results show that: 1) the characteristics of this dictionary lies in the specificity of this dictionary for learning Arabic. The number of vocabularies in this dictionary is about 2000 vocabularies. Everything is arranged alphabetically to make it easier for readers. 2) The percentage value indicates that the dictionary is eligible for use by IAIN students Sultan Amai Gorontalo 3) The use of this dictionary is effective to assist students in translating terms related to learning.
دعاوي إنكار الإعراب في العربية والرد عليها
Authors: FIQIYAH MASKANATUL
Published: December 2020

الملخّصإنَّ الإعراب معلمٌ من معالم العربية، ومفخرةٌ من مفاخرها؛ فهو يكشف عن بواطن الألفاظ، ويفرق بين المعاني، وما يعتور الألفاظ من ضبابية، ولذا سيتعرض البحث إلى دعاوى إنكار الإعراب، ودحضها والرد عليها، وتظهر أهمية البحث في ـنه يتناول أساسا يقوم عليه علم العربية وما يلحق به، وكذلك تظهر أهمية البحث في كشف الدعاوي إلى إنكار الإعراب، وبيان خلفيتها، ومن يقف خلفها، ومن ثمّ الرد على هذه الدعاوي، ودحضها بالحجة والبرهان، وقد اعتمد الباحث في هذا البحث المنهج الوصفيّ التحليليّ، الذي يتناسب مع طبيعة بحثه المتمثلة في دراسة دعاوي إنكار الإعراب في العربية والرد عليها، حيث قسّم الباحث بحثه إلى مقدمة، ومبحثين، ففي المبحث الأول تعرض إلى ماهية الإعراب، حيث ذكر تعريف الإعراب لغة واصطلاحا، ثم ذكر الفرق بين النحو والإعراب، ومن ثم تناول المعرب من الكلام، واختتم المبحث بذكر أهمية الإعراب، أما المبحث الثاني، فقد كان بعنوان إنكار الإعراب، حيث ذكر البحث دعاوي إنكار الإعراب، ممثلة في إبراهيم أنيس وموقفه من الإعراب، ثم اختتم المبحث بالرد على منكري الإعراب، ثم اختتم البحث بذكر مجموعة من النتائج من أهمها، إنَّ الإعراب معلمٌ من معالم العربية، ومفخرةٌ من مفاخرها؛ فهو يكشف عن بواطن الألفاظ، ويفرق بين المعاني، وما يعتور الألفاظ من ضبابية، وأنَّ القواعد تُستخلص من اللغة، ولا تُخترَع ولا تُفتَرى، وفي ذلك يقول الدكتور علي عبد الواحد وافي([1]): "خَلْقُ القواعد خلقًا، لا يتصورها عقل، ولم يحدث لها نظير في التاريخ، ولا يمكن أن يفكر فيها عاقل، أو يتصور نجاحها؛ فمن الواضح أنَّ قواعد اللغة ليست من الأمور التي تُخترع، أو تفرض نفسها على النَّاس، بل تنشأ من تلقاء نفسها، وتكون بالتدرج. وقد تأكد لدى الباحث بطلان الدعاوي الرامية إلى ترك الإعراب، ووضوح أهدافها الخبيثة.[1]الثعالبي، أبو منصور عبد الملك ابن محمد ابن إسماعيل، "فقه اللغة وسر العربية،" (دار الكتب العلمية، بيروت)، 1971، ص163
A DSDEVS-Based Model for Verifying Structural Constraints in Dynamic Business Processes
Authors: Boukelkoul Sofiane , Maamri Ramdane
Published: December 2020

This paper presents a DSDEVS-based model “Dynamic Structure Discrete Event System specification” for modeling and simulating business processes with dynamic structure regarding to different contexts. Consequently, this model, formally, improves the reuse of configurable business processes. Thus, the proposed model allows the analysts to personalize their configurable business processes in a sound manner by verifying a set of structure properties, such as, the lack of synchronization and the deadlock by means of simulation. The implementation was done in DEVS-Suite simulator, which is based on DEVSJAVA models.
Controlled DDoS Attack on IPv4/IPv6 Network Using Distributed Computing Infrastructure
Authors: Čerňanský Michal , Huraj Ladislav , Šimon Marek
Published: December 2020

The paper focuses on design, background and experimental results of real environment of DDoS attacks. The experimental testbed is based on employment of a tool for IT automation to perform DDoS attacks under monitoring. DDoS attacks are still serious threat in both IPv4 and IPv6 networks and creation of simple tool to test the network for DDoS attack and to allow evaluation of vulnerabilities and DDoS countermeasures of the networks is necessary. In proposed testbed, Ansible orchestration tool is employed to perform and coordinate DDoS attacks. Ansible is a powerful tool and simplifies the implementation of the test environment. Moreover, no special hardware is required for the attacks execution, the testbed uses existing infrastructure in an organization. The case study of implementation of this environment shows straightforwardness to create a testbed comparable with a botnet with ten thousand bots. Furthermore, the experimental results demonstrate the potential of the proposed environment and present the impact of the attacks on particular target servers in IPv4 and IPv6 networks.
Transgressive Storytelling or an Aesthetic of Injury: Performance, Pedagogy and Ethics
Authors: Salverson Julie
Published: December 2020

Are uses of personal narrative in community arts projects overly romanticized? Is a critical pedagogy approach to witnessing testimony caught in a discourse of victim/oppressor/helper (educator)? This paper suggests that theatre exercises based in naturalism, when taken up by community groups and schools for use with people who have experienced violence, may evoke performances of testimony caught in an aesthetic of injury and an overly simplistic "standing in" for another. Such performances reinscribe a victim discourse that sustains the psychic residues of violent histories, codifying the very powerlessness they seek to address. How might the tools of the artist and aesthetic forms of popular theatre perform engagements with testimony that are insurgent or transgressive? This paper considers questions of power and ethics to problematize how my role as researcher and theatre/video writer impacted the way a group of refugees represented their testimonies to a Canadian born audience. Transgressive storytelling in this context considers the intimacy of speaking and listening to life histories and the vulnerability of the body as testimonial site. My theoretical approach to the re-telling of others' stories pays particular attention to the complex relationship between meaning and representation. The paper raises the danger of a superficial empathy that can result in approaching representation as a "mirror of reality," and suggests instead an intervening space of translation as transformation which takes into account the complexities of both speech and silence.
Theatrical Medicine: Aboriginal Performance, Ritual and Commemoration (for Vanessa Lee Buckner)
Authors: La Flamme Michelle
Published: December 2020

The paper begins by discussing some Aboriginal teachings offering the author’s working definition of Medicine based on the teachings that elders have shared. These cultural traditions reflect a belief in the power of performance and the possibility of performance as medicinal. The paper applies some of these teachings about Medicine to suggest that the form and experience of these theatrical events can be understood as contemporary good Medicine. These performances and plays by Aboriginal people bring balance to the witnesses through honouring the deceased by way of naming rituals, they bring balance to communities by showing the humanity of Aboriginal women, and they provide a cathartic ritual or ceremony for the release of trauma.
Les théâtres francophones de l’Ouest canadien : investir sa marginalité
Authors: Ladouceur Louise
Published: December 2020

Éloignés des centres francophones de l’Est du Canada et de leurs institutions théâtrales, les créateurs et créatrices de l’Ouest œuvrent dans l’extrême marge de la francophonie canadienne. Investissant cette marginalité qui leur est propre, les artistes des communautés francophones de l’Ouest donnent à voir des réalités souvent méconnues dans des œuvres dont la théâtralité reflète les contextes dont elles sont issues. Le questionnement identitaire généré par une hybridation culturelle imposée ou consentie— laquelle se manifeste autant dans le texte que dans sa performance—, l’ouverture à une diversité jugée nécessaire à la survie, l’engagement d’une communauté dans le développement de sa dramaturgie, la valorisation de la langue et de la culture métisses sont des aspects abordés dans les articles réunis ici qui mettent en lumière les préoccupations et les aspirations d’artistes œuvrant au sein des communautés francophones de l’Ouest canadien, ainsi que les moyens dramatiques qui façonnent leur œuvres.
Towards Reconciliation: Immigration in Marty Chan’s The Forbidden Phoenix and David Yee’s lady in the red dress
Authors: Chang Eury Colin
Published: December 2020

When Prime Minister Stephen Harper offered a public announcement of redress to acknowledge the early mistreatment of Chinese immigrants, he turned a new chapter in Canada’s legislative history. Postcolonial theatre offers a window into the lives of late nineteenth to early twentieth centuries immigrants, many of whom were subjected to exclusionary policies while attempting to become Canadian citizens. This article offers a comparative analysis of two plays: The Forbidden Phoenix by Marty Chan and lady in the red dress by David Yee. Such plays actively encourage readers and audiences to move towards reconciliation, a term used to describe the process of featuring immigrant characters onstage in order to challenge the roots of stereotypes and race-based policies. These plays, though contrasting in style and tone, gesture towards the importance of immigrants to Canadian history, and, more specifically, how theatre artists are attempting to understand the legacy of race-based policies and prejudices on the cultural relations of the twenty-first century.
“Come and see Our Art of Being Real”: Disabling Inspirational Porn and Rearticulating Affective Productivities
Authors: McAskill Ashley
Published: December 2020

Recently in the field of disability and performance, the term “inspiration porn” has emerged. The term itself relates to the ways in which disabled bodies are often represented as being objects of inspiration for the benefit of the nondisabled. Such emotional containments limit disability from being perceived as a complex and valuable presence in performance. Choosing moments from her fieldwork with Theatre Terrific in Vancouver, British Columbia, and viewing of Theater HORA’s Disabled Theater in Montreal, Quebec, McAskill explores how disabled artists are challenging such limits and common perceptions of disability through their artistic choices. In the case of Theatre Terrific, McAskill discusses a company conversation around the politics of cheering for disabled people onstage. In comparison, she critiques her own reaction to Disabled Theater performed by Theater HORA, a Zurich-based company, during their Canadian tour in Toronto, Ontario and Montreal, Quebec. At the core of this article, McAskill emphasizes ways in which understandings of disability and theatre making are shifting in Canada through these specific performances and dialogues.
May I have this dance? Teaching, Performing, and Transforming in a University-Community Mixed-Ability Dance Theatre Project
Authors: Doolittle Lisa , Chasse Callista , Makoloski Corey , Boyd Pamela , Yassi Annalee
Published: December 2020

Combining disability and dance may not be new, yet enacting inclusive dance/drama education in a university remains rare. This article reflects on the integration of people with developmental disabilities in dance theatre, particularly in institutions of higher education, and shares insights that emerged in the context of an inclusive dance-theatre project. Over two years, the project progressed from a community-based art for social change partnership, to a post-secondary drama course, to a large-scale, university-produced theatrical production. Drawing on qualitative, embodied, and quantitative data the authors critically reflect on the potential for integrated dance theatre work to contribute to training future professional artists with disabilities, to enrich curriculum for students without disabilities, to inform theory and practice in the field of art for social change, and to positively affect the perceptions and experiences of people living with disabilities.
An Alarming Lack of Feeling: Urban Travel, Emotions, and British National Character in Post-Revolutionary Paris
Authors: Thompson Victoria E.
Published: December 2020

This article analyzes British narratives of voyages made to Paris during three periods: the Peace of Amiens (March 1802 to May 1803), the first Restoration (April 1814 to May 1815), and in the first few years of the second Restoration (June 1815 to ca. 1820). These accounts reveal a consistent use of strong and distressing expressions of emotion when describing locations in the city associated with the events of the French Revolution. An analysis of these “emotional landmarks” allows us to understand the role of trauma in unsettling distinctions between the British and French in the aftermath of the Revolution. It also demonstrates that travel writers participated in an emotional community consistent with the nation, one that used these emotional landmarks to establish a new distinction between the two national characters based on emotion.
Urban Restructuring, Homelessness, and Collective Action in Toronto, 1980–2003
Authors: Greene Jonathan
Published: December 2020

This article explores the links between urban restructuring, homelessness, and collective action in Toronto in the 1980s and 1990s. In Toronto, as elsewhere, urban restructuring at this time comprised a series of interconnected political-economic and spatial shifts, including economic and occupation change, gentrification, neo-liberal welfare state reform, and urban entrepreneurialism. Jointly, these political-economic shifts were implicated in the production and consolidation of new forms of socio-spatial polarization and segregation that dramatically changed the landscape of urban poverty. One of the most visible manifestations of the uneven effects of restructuring was the emergence and consolidation of mass homelessness. This changing landscape of poverty, in turn, produced a new landscape of political activism. It is this contested landscape that I explore in this article through a focus on homelessness as a primary mobilizing issue in opposition to restructuring during this key period in Toronto’s transition into a second-tier world city. I argue that urban restructuring, homelessness, and the dynamics of collective action were linked in two important ways. First, collective advocates and activists defined the crisis of homelessness as a direct effect of urban restructuring; in this way collective action mobilized to defend the interests of homeless people was simultaneously a collective struggle to contest urban restructuring. Second, the politics of restructuring directly informed the dynamics of collective action over time, influencing their organizational, strategic, and tactical dimensions.
Childhood in Calgary’s Postwar Suburbs: Kids, Bullets, and Boom, 1950–1965
Authors: Onusko James
Published: December 2020

Suburban living has become the definitive housing choice for a large majority of North Americans since the end of the Second World War. A longstanding image of the postwar suburbs highlights a stable and undifferentiated experience for young Canadians. Much of the popular and scholarly literature on these spaces tends to portray them as exclusively middle class, homogeneous, conformist, conservative, and alienating. While Canadian suburbia has appeared similar in outward appearance, increasingly more so in the postwar era, this has not necessarily meant that the suburbs have created total homogenization in the built environment, lifestyles, attitudes, and values of their inhabitants. Suburbs embody substantial economic, political, and cultural power in North America. In the past two decades a more nuanced response from academics on suburbia has emerged, in that some diversity, on several levels, is now noted. This article builds on this alternate view. I argue that young suburbanites were exposed to aggressive imagery, discursive constructs, and everyday practices in an attempt to discipline them for possible military service, ongoing participation in civilian defence, and that they internalized much of this. The resulting general atmosphere prepared them to engage “enemies,” under the auspices of the Cold War that lay both within, and outside, postwar childhood spaces. Evidence is based on oral histories, images produced for children, newspaper editorials, and the school-based literature and art that suburban students created.
The Story of a Commercial Street: Growth, Decline, and Gentrification on Gottingen Street, Halifax
Authors: Grant Nathan Roth and Jill L.
Published: December 2020

Between the 1830s and 2010s Gottingen Street in Halifax, Canada, transitioned from a residential street, to a commercial corridor, to an area of community services, to a revitalizing “hip” area. Its story reflects the influence of changing regulatory regimes, transportation modes, commercial practices, and cultural values. The article follows uses in selected properties on the street to tell the story of an area shifting in use and character as a result of major infrastructure investments and changing economic conditions between 1910 and 2015.
The Affordances of MacKinnon Ravine: Fighting Freeways and Pursuing Government Reform in Edmonton, Alberta
Authors: Bower Shannon Stunden
Published: December 2020

This article examines the disputes that erupted in the second half of the twentieth century over the proposal to build a freeway through Edmonton’s MacKinnon Ravine, a landscape some saw as fundamental to the city’s network of recreational lands along the North Saskatchewan River and its extensive ravine system. MacKinnon Ravine, as a possibility-rich landscape, helped successive waves of urban activists articulate opposition to freeway development by serving as the keystone in a multi-decadal arc of civic activism. An orientation to the ravine allowed a series of distinct advocacy efforts to build on each other both in methods and in goals. These successive waves of activism not only altered MacKinnon Ravine’s future but also helped reshape civic governance in Edmonton.
“An Eden that is practically uninhabited by humans”: Manipulating Wilderness in Managing Vancouver’s Drinking Water, 1880–1930
Authors: Kuhlberg Mark
Published: December 2020

Vancouver is known internationally as one of the world’s most livable and beautiful cities, and its “natural” attributes are seen as being integral to what makes it so special. Nestled on a small plateau between the alluring beaches and dramatic shoreline of the Pacific Ocean and the Coast Mountain Range, the city has trumpeted its aesthetically stunning environment for over one century. Central to this message has been the fact that Vancouver’s drinking water supply is so clean that it has historically required no chemical or other treatment—besides a basic filtering—before it is fit for human consumption.

Those who were initially responsible for administering the city’s water supply demonstrated most curious behaviour in carrying out their duties. To be sure, they exalted their water for its purity and broadcast this message to the world, believing as they did that such a precious resource could originate only in pristine wilderness that was as pleasing to the eye as it was free from human intrusions. As a result, they went to enormous lengths to guard the basins from which this water came from anthropogenic activity. Paradoxically, they were completely comfortable with undertaking a series of measures to re-engineer and manage the watersheds upon which they depended, an approach that included dumping tons of a deadly toxin on the local trees. All these steps were simply part of their efforts to enhance the bounty with which Providence had gifted them, and to them it remained pure and unsullied as a result. The early history of managing Vancouver’s drinking water thus represents an extraordinary instance in which civic boosters viewed their actions through a prism that blurred the line between the human and non-human worlds, and their story highlights how often our attempts to manage “nature” is prone to creating issues that are potentially more dangerous than the ones we are trying to solve.

Vancouver est considérée internationalement comme une des villes les plus belles et des plus agréables à vivre, en raison particulièrement de l’intégration de son environnement naturel. Nichée sur un petit plateau entre de séduisantes plages, les côtes dramatiques du Pacifique et la chaîne Côtière, la ville clame hautement son environnement fortement esthétique depuis plus d’un siècle. La qualité de son eau a fait partie intégrante de ce message du fait que ses sources d’eau potable sont d’une qualité telle qu’à travers son histoire, la ville n’a jamais eu besoin de la traiter chimiquement ou d’autre façon, hors un simple filtrage.
D’un stade mal-aimé à un stade oublié: l’Autostade de Montréal
Authors: Gaudette Marilyne , Roult Romain , Khomsi Mohamed Reda , Lefebvre Sylvain
Published: December 2020

Érigé sur un secteur démantelé dans le cadre de la planification de l’Expo 67 (Goose Village), l’Autostade fut construit pour devenir «le stade» et l’enceinte sportive principale de cette exposition universelle. Financé presque entièrement par le secteur privé et conçu par les architectes Victor Prus et Maurice Desnoyers dans l’optique de devenir une structure amovible et démontable, ce stade fut toutefois rapidement considéré comme une simple solution de rechange pour différents évènements festifs et sportifs. Remis à l’avant-scène en 1975 pour pallier aux déboires financiers et de construction du Stade olympique, l’Autostade fut de nouveau écarté pour des raisons principalement politiques. Par le biais d’une analyse de divers fonds d’archives et de plusieurs écrits scientifiques, cet article permet de retracer la «vie» relativement courte de l’Autostade (1966-1978), œuvre architecturale ayant naviguée d’un statut de mal-aimé voire d’incompris à celui de grand oublié du paysage festif et sportif montréalais, et par le fait même de démontrer à quel point cette infrastructure a été au cœur d’importants débats politiques et économiques à cette époque. Parallèlement, cette étude met en lumière le caractère architectural novateur de ce stade peut-être trop avant-gardiste pour des élites locales ayant eu constamment du mal à envisager sa gestion, à un point tel que ce modèle de gouvernance relativement improvisé se reproduisit à l’occasion des Jeux Olympiques de 1976.
Protesting Smoke: A Social and Political History of Vancouver Air Pollution in the 1950s and 1960s
Authors: Thiessen Lee
Published: December 2020

Growth-oriented local businesses and the city of Vancouver initiated efforts in the late 1940s and early 1950s to address the city’s air pollution problem. Despite generally improving dustfall measurements due to changing fuel use, industrial relocation, and steady city management of the issue, the coalition of air-quality reformers did not obtain broader regional or provincial government support until the late 1960s. Rather, public interventions prompted the provincial government to acknowledge air pollution as a formal political issue, and finally to take action. This article provides an account of air pollution in Vancouver and British Columbia in the 1950s and 1960s, highlighting the roles of social and economic groups and their interactions with political structures.