bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Importance of Type II Error in Hypothesis Testing
Authors: Jiménez-Gamero Inmaculada , Analla Mohamed
Published: March 2023

Statistical tests of significance theoretically deal with two mutually exclusive hypotheses: the null and the alternative. However, at least in biomedical assays, only the null hypothesis is taken into account through type I error evaluation. But, basing these tests solely on type I error has two drawbacks: first, the probability limits (5%, 1% and 0.1%) arbitrarily set to the significance levels have no scientific justification. Second, acceptation of the null hypothesis is just a matter of chance, as it is mainly conditioned by the sample size due to its direct effect on the power of the test. In this sense, while the alternative hypothesis should be accepted due to its higher likelihood, the inference based on type I error alone would lead erroneously to accepting the null one. A numerical example illustrates how considering type I error alone, a same difference was declared non-significant first but turned out to significant thereafter when the sample size was increased. Therefore, the same null hypothesis was initially accepted and rejected afterwards. However when type II error was included in the test, the same decision was adopted no matter what the sample size was. This was possible through a reformulation of the alternative hypothesis. On the other hand, type II error may, in many cases have more far-reaching consequences than type I, and then should never be ignored, especially in assays dealing with human health, food, toxicity, etc.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis Tanısında İki Farklı Gerçek Zamanlı PCR Yönteminin Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: TİMUR Demet , PARKAN Ömür , KILIÇ Hüseyin , ATALAY Altay , TEKİNŞEN Fatma Filiz , KOÇ Ayşe Nedret
Published: March 2023

Amaç: Mycobacterium tuberculosis tanısında Ehrlich-Ziehl Neelsen (EZN) gibi aside dirençli boyama yöntemleri hızlı ve uygulaması kolay yöntemler olmasına rağmen kesin sonuç vermemektedir. Kültür yöntemleri altın standart olarak kabul edilmesine rağmen zaman alıcı yöntemlerdir. Nükleik asit amplifikasyon testleri ise sonuç verme süreleri kısa olduğu için tüberkülozun hızlı tanısında çok sık olarak kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, tüberküloz şüpheli klinik örneklerde GeneXpert MTB/RIF yöntemi ve artus® MTB-PCR yönteminin değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Yöntem: Erciyes Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, Tıbbi Mikrobiyoloji Anabilim Dalı Mikobakteriyoloji Laboratuvarına Ocak-Aralık 2013 tarihleri arasında gönderilen 432 klinik örnek EZN yöntemiyle boyanmıştır. Örnekler homojenize ve dekontamine edildikten sonra, BACTEC MGIT 960 kültür şişeleri ile eş zamanlı olarak Löwenstein-Jensen besiyerlerine ekim yapılmıştır. Nükleik asit amplifikasyon testi olarak örneklerin 196’sında GeneXpert MTB/RIF yöntemi, 236’sında da artus® MTB-PCR yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: Toplam 432 klinik örneğin 8’i (%1.9) EZN yöntemi ile, 20’si (%4.6) kültür yöntemleri ile pozitif olarak bulunmuştur. Kültür yönteminin altın standart kabul edildiği bu çalışmada, EZN boyama, artus® MTB-PCR ve GeneXpert MTB/RIF yöntemlerinin duyarlılığı sırasıyla %35, %42.9 ve %83.3; özgüllüğü sırasıyla %99.7 %99.1 ve %97.9 olarak saptanmıştır. Sonuç: Bu çalışmada GeneXpert MTB/RIF ile artus® MTB-PCR yöntemleri tüberküloz tanısında benzer özgüllüğe sahiptir. Fakat GeneXpert MTB/RIF yönteminin yüksek duyarlılığı ve hızlı sonuç vermesi dikkat çekmektedir. Bu iki yöntemin eş zamanlı olarak karşılaştırılmasının, herhangi bir analitik tutarsızlığı kontrol etmeyi mümkün kılacağını değerlendirmekteyiz.
Investigation of Health Care Workers’ Thoughts on Parenting During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: ÇEVİK Hüsna , EMİRAL Emrah , ÖZTÜRK EMİRAL Gülsüm , BULUT Yunus Emre , AKSUNGUR Abide
Published: March 2023

Aim: The COVID-19 pandemic has caused healthcare workers (HCWs) to face many stressors and stay away from their families due to increased workload. This study was aimed to determine the thoughts of HCWs who have children about parenting during the pandemic. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on HCWs working in Ankara Provincial Health Directorate between January-April 2022. Socio-demographic characteristics, working routines and the propositions of HCWs’ thoughts on parenting were questioned. Results: 272 HCWs participated in the study. 68.4% were female, and 78.7% were university graduates. 41.5% of the HCWs and the children of 36% had COVID-19 infection. Of the participants whose children were isolated due to COVID-19, 43.9% had to go to the workplace while their child was sick. Only 23.9% of the participants thought they could take care of their children adequately, while 69.9% thought their family life was adversely affected. 73.5% of the participants were worried about jeopardizing their child's physical health, 62.5% about their child's mental health, and 75% putting their child's needs in the background during the pandemic due to their work. Conclusion: Parents who are HCWs feel inadequate about parenting and cannot take care of their children as they would like due to their workload. The mental health of HCWs who are worried about endangering their children's physical and mental health and who think their family life is negatively affected may also be adversely affected. It is critical to improve the working conditions of HCWs, support them psychosocially and provide parental support, considering possible new outbreaks.
A Local Snow-Ice Hazard Model Using Weighted Overlay Analysis: Predictive Spatial Decision Support System for Hazard Mitigation
Authors: Pallathadka Arun
Published: March 2023

In this study, a local snow-ice hazard model was developed using a weighted overlay analysis approach based on three factors: elevation, slope, and aspect. The model assigns values between 0 and 1 to each input factor using appropriate functions and weights and then combines them into an overall Hazard Index, which represents the relative spatial risk of snow and ice hazards and can be used to identify areas with high or low hazard potential before or during extreme snow-ice events. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of weighted overlay analysis for local snow-ice hazard modeling and highlights the importance of considering multiple factors in hazard assessment. This model can be used for hazard mapping, risk assessment, and decision-making in planning and emergency management.
Innovation and ICTs in ESL: Exploring the Role of the Podcast as a Learning Enhancing Tool in Innovation Projects
Authors: Borrego Manuel
Published: March 2023

What we know as Information and Communication Technologies, or ICTs, encompasses all electronic devices and network systems that enable society to interact digitally. There is, however, a key difference between ICT and the Information Technology (IT), as can be seen from common definitions of ICTs, which often, if not always, include terms such as interacting, transmitting, or sending, hence: communication is key. This paper aims at presenting a classroom project proposal based on the application of ICTs (a podcast), which allows the objectives set out in the English as a Second or Foreign Language curriculum to be effectively incorporated during the teaching-learning period for students. This paper also aims to serve as a guide for other teachers of the English language who seek to effectively integrate the use of innovative methodologies into their lessons, based on the effective use of ICT in the classroom. Among the methodologies that can be implemented in the classroom with ICTs and innovative methodologies such as the flipped classroom, project-based learning, or game-based learning, which will be discussed in detail.
El ciclópeo trabajo en la mar
Authors: Beatriz Sanz Alonso
Published: March 2023

Necesitamos acercarnos a los escritos del mar y a los fondos documentales marinos para, a través de ellos, entender la excelencia de la gente que se lanza a la mar. Con este artículo pretendemos demostrar qué es ese mar a partir de un material manuscrito e impreso que nos enseña el océano como una terrible situación, un mar de trabajo, una cotidianeidad antiépica, y como una descripción primorosamente detallada. Desde esta perspectiva, los documentos del mar son literatura, y eso es lo que intentamos probar en este artículo.
ANALISIS SISTEM INFORMASI AKUNTANSI PENGGAJIAN KARYAWAN DALAM UPAYA MENDUKUNG EFEKTIFITAS PENGENDALIAN INTERNAL PERUSAHAAN (Studi Kasus PT Fajar Agung Desa Bengabing)
Authors: Friska Friska Nanda Pratiwi , Kamilah Kamilah k
Published: March 2023

An abstranct is a brief summary of a resea The payroll and wage accounting system is an important part because it can help companies in processing salary/wages payments, thereby preventing fraudulent actions. A good accounting system will affect the company's internal control. This study aims to analyze how the payroll accounting information system has been implemented by PT. Fajar Agung and how the payroll accounting information system supports internal control at PT. Fajar Agung. This study uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive method, which focuses on the payroll accounting information system at PT. Fajar Agung and the internal control system at PT.Fajar Agung. Data collection techniques in this study are using the observation method, documentation method and interview method.
PENGARUH MOTIVASI KERJA DAN KERJASAMA TIM TERHADAP KINERJA PEGAWAI BALAI BESAR PENELITIAN VETERINER KOTA BOGOR
Authors: Hafid Rachmat Febriansyah  , M. Azis Firdaus  , Rachmatullaily Tinakartika Rinda
Published: March 2023

The thesis entitled “The Influence of Work Motivation and Teamwork on Employee Performance of the Bogor City Veterinary Research Center was written by Hafid Rachmat Febriansyah, NPM 181104010600, Under the guidance of: Dr.M.Aziz Firdaus, S.E.,M.M and Hj. Rachamatullaily, S.E., M.M Bogor City Veterinary Research Center (BB Litvet) is a technical implementation unit within the scope of a research agency under the coordination of the Center for Research and Development of Animal Husbandry (Puslitbangnak). The Bogor City Veterinary Research Center is established based on the regulation of the Minister of Agriculture number 34/permentan/OT.140/2013 concerning the organization and working procedures of the Veterinary Research Center with echelon II/b level and has the main task of carrying out veterinary research tasks. The choice of work motivation and teamwork at the Center for Veterinary Research as research subjects to determine the existence of work motivation and teamwork within the company, because work motivation has an effect as the most vital driving force in achieving performance. This study aims to determine the effect of work motivation on employee performance at the Bogor City Veterinary Research Center, to determine the effect of Teamwork on Employee Performance at the Bogor City Veterinary Research Center. The tests used in this study include Validity Test, Reality Test, Linearity Test, Homogeneity Test, Normality Test and t Test and f Test. Based on a discussion of the results of a study titled ``Effect of work motivation and teamwork on employee performance'' at the Bogor City Veterinary Research Center, we found that work motivation (X1) and teamwork (X2) It was concluded that it affects performance.
Vector space partitions of GF(2)^8
Authors: Kurz Sascha
Published: March 2023

A vector space partition P of the projective space PG(v-1,q) is a set of subspaces in PG(v-1,q) which partitions the set of points. We say that a vector space partition P has type (v-1)^{m_{v-1}} ... 2^{m_2}1^{m_1} if precisely m_i of its elements have dimension i, where 1 <= i <= v-1. Here we determine all possible types of vector space partitions in PG(7,2).
La recerca en l’ensenyament de la geografia per al desenvolupament sostenible
Authors: Granados Sánchez Jesús
Published: March 2023

La geografia és una disciplina de síntesi que, mitjançant l’estudi de l’espai i els llocs, pot ajudar en les qüestions del desenvolupament sostenible, ja que integra coneixements de les ciències naturals, les ciències socials i les humanitats. L’ensenyament de la geografia per al desenvolupament sostenible és un camp d’investigació relativament recent que disposa avui de moltes investigacions que ens mostren com els diferents contextos culturals interpreten l’educació per al desenvolupament sostenible (EDS). Aquest article té com a finalitat presentar una panoràmica de les aportacions principals que s’han fet en els darrers anys en aquest camp de la didàctica, amb una atenció especial en la posició de la geografia en els currículums nacionals de l’educació obligatòria, la sostenibilització curricular i el pensament, la formació inicial i contínua del professorat.
Cuestionadas: un acercamiento a la redefinición de la experiencia lactante de las madres a partir de las voces de las mujeres
Authors: Barbé Villarrubia María José , Cascales Ribera Jorge , Benlloch Doménech Cristina
Published: March 2023

En España, anualmente unas 340.000 mujeres dan a luz y se convierten en protagonistas de un proceso que las llevará a ejercer la maternidad en su sentido más amplio. Durante los primeros años, la lactancia emerge de forma central entre las prácticas maternas, ya que conecta con las formas de alimentar la nueva vida. De este modo, en el siguiente artículo nos acercamos al estudio de las vivencias de las mujeres alrededor de la lactancia. Qué expectativas tienen sobre la práctica lactante, qué posibilidades han vivido o qué cambios han transitado son cuestiones que nos han llevado a profundizar en este tema. Así pues, tras el objetivo inicial de conocer las experiencias de las mujeres que han sido madres, presentamos los resultados de una investigación de corte cualitativo que surge de la respuesta a un cuestionario abierto a 72 mujeres que habían dado a luz en los últimos cinco años. Entre los hallazgos, hemos podido observar que la lactancia es una gran preocupación para las mujeres, lo que nos ha llevado a preguntarnos si se ha producido o no una redefinición social de la lactancia materna. Concluimos que hay un juego de cruces entre las expectativas iniciales, los marcos disciplinarios que se configuran alrededor de la lactancia y las posibilidades de acción de las mujeres, de manera que es necesario repensar cómo se ofrece apoyo, acompañamiento e información por parte de las personas profesionales, y también un mejor conocimiento y concienciación en los círculos cercanos familiares y de la sociedad en general.
Perspectives of School Managers and Teachers on the Implementation of the Eight-Hour Policy in Selected Schools of Ndola, Zambia
Authors:   University of Zambia, School of Education, Lusaka, Zambia., Kalimaposo Kalisto , Phiri Evelyn ,   University of Zambia, School of Education, Lusaka, Zambia., Mubita Kaiko ,   University of Zambia, School of Education, Lusaka, Zambia., Milupi Inonge ,   University of Zambia, School of Education, Lusaka, Zambia., Phiri Chidongo ,   University of Zambia, School of Education, Lusaka, Zambia., Daka Harrison ,   University of Zambia, School of Education, Lusaka, Zambia., Simalalo Magdalene ,   University of Zambia, School of Education, Lusaka, Zambia.
Published: March 2023

The standard working hours for civil service workers as stipulated by the International Labor Organization (ILO) in most countries is 8 hours. The eight hour work day policy has been enacted in the Labour Laws of Zambia as a guide for employers and employees. Recently, teachers were also mandated to follow this policy as they are part of the public service. However, this policy has been criticized by some teacher unions and the teachers themselves. The Zambia National Union of Teachers (ZNUT) called on the government to implement the eight hour policy for teachers to promote effective teaching. On the other hand, the National Union of Public and Private Educators (NUPPEZ) executive president said that the eight hour policy in its current form was retrogressive to teachers. He further urged the Ministry of General Education to seriously engage the teacher unions to help look into the effective handling of the policy by both administrators and teachers alike. Therefore, this clearly shows that the eight hour policy has been received with mixed feelings by the teaching fraternity. A sample of 40 participants drawn from three public primary schools and three public secondary schools was purposively selected and interviewed. The sample comprised teachers and head teachers. The study was mainly qualitative in nature and used a descriptive design. Thematic analysis was used to analyse data. The study revealed that of the six schools that were sampled, only two schools strongly supported the introduction of the eight-hour policy. Two schools were against the policy while the other two schools expressed mixed feelings. Generally, a large number of teachers felt that the policy was inimical to the interests of teachers. The study recommended inter alia that the Ministry of Education should improve infrastructure in schools such as staffrooms where teachers can prepare their work and relax in a conducive environment for eight hours.
Anaerobic dynamic membrane bioreactor applied to wastewater treatment: a review
Authors: José Chimuca Jacob Fortuna , Andrade do Canto Catarina Simone , Tavares de Sousa José , Duarte Leite Valderi , Silva Lopes Wilton
Published: March 2023

Membrane bioreactors have been widely used in biological wastewater treatment. The membranes used in this type of technology are produced from organic or inorganic materials. However, membranes can also be formed from the deposition of solid particles, colloids, and polymeric materials, as well as microbial cells and flocs, on an inert support during the filtration process. When coupled to a bioreactor, they establish a unique system called a dynamic membrane bioreactor (DMBR). This type of bioreactor, while retaining the solids and microorganisms present in the system, removes both easy and difficult-to-degrade organic material, which reduces treatment costs and makes it advantageous compared to conventional membrane bioreactors (MBRs). In Brazil, this technology is relatively new and still little explored. Therefore, the present study aims to evaluate the DMBR's performance in anaerobic wastewater treatment systems. In addition to the advantages and disadvantages presented by this type of system compared to conventional MBRs (micro and ultrafiltration), the fouling phenomenon, its implications, and the theories that explain the formation of the dynamic layer are described. Finally, some challenges that still need to be overcome in the use of this technology are pointed out in order to be affirmed as a safe and robust tool for the biological treatment of domestic and industrial wastewater.
Uso de extractos del tallo de Pitahaya (Hylocereus Megalanthus) en el tratamiento de aguas residuales sanitarias
Authors: Vera Rodríguez Luiggii Ricardo , Segovia Cedeño Diego Germán , Castro Carranza Julio , Dueñas-Rivadeneira Alex Alberto
Published: March 2023

La calidad del agua es una preocupación creciente a nivel mundial considerando el incremento de contaminación antropogénica. Los procesos de coagulación natural se presentan como una alternativa atractiva para el tratamiento de aguas residuales urbanas e industriales, debido a la capacidad coagulante de diversos materiales vegetales. Por lo que la presente investigación busca evaluar la actividad coagulante de los extractos (acuosos y etanólico) obtenidos a partir del tallo de pitahaya e incremento de parámetros de calidad de agua que estos proporcionan en el tratamiento en aguas residuales sanitarias. El proceso experimental se realizó en un test de jarras de acuerdo al diseño experimental de dos factores (A: tipo de extracto; B: concentración de extractos) utilizando sulfato de aluminio como coagulante de referencia. Posterior a lo mencionado se procedió a medir las variables de respuesta mediante técnicas analíticas estandarizadas y a partir de los valores recolectados se procedió a analizar estadísticamente mediante el uso del software STATGRAPHICS Centurion XVI. Se evidenció el efecto coagulante de los extractos obtenidos a partir del tallo fresco de pitahaya amarilla (Hylocereus megalanthus) logrando así la reducción de Turbidez, Conductividad, Sólidos Totales Disueltos y Sólidos Totales Suspendidos. Los extractos (etanólico y acuoso) de Hylocereus megalanthus presentaron efectos que evidencian su potencial como coagulantes para el tratamiento de aguas residuales sanitarias.
Simulación mediante DWSim de la producción de biodiesel y gasificación de biomasa de Jatropha curcas
Authors: Escobar Barroso Lainet , Tobío-Pérez Indira , Alfonso Cardero Arael , Piloto-Rodríguez Ramón
Published: March 2023

La simulación de procesos desempeña un papel importante para el desarrollo de nuevas tecnologías y permite la asistencia en el diseño, operación y optimización de plantas. En la presente investigación se simularon mediante DWSim los procesos de transesterificación del aceite de Jatropha curcas y la gasificación de la corteza de su fruto. En la simulación del proceso de producción de biodiesel se emplearon cinco etapas: preparación del metóxido, transesterificación, recuperación del alcohol, separación del glicerol, lavado y purificación del biodiesel. La simulación del proceso de gasificación se realizó mediante un modelo estequiométrico teniendo en cuenta las reacciones fundamentales presentes en las etapas de pirólisis, combustión y reducción que ocurren en un gasificador en corriente descendente. Los productos obtenidos de la transesterificación mostraron altos rendimientos: 11% de glicerol y 98% de biodiesel. La composición del gas de síntesis de la gasificación se correspondió con las reportadas en la literatura. Se obtuvo un flujo volumétrico de gas de 92,38 m3/h con un poder calórico inferior de 5,67 MJ/Nm3, con un 72% de eficiencia del proceso. Debido a las limitaciones encontradas en la simulación del proceso de gasificación, se realizó una validación en Aspen Plus que mostró igualdad de resultados entre ambos simuladores.
Ripening process of Solanum lycopersicum L. (tomato) with ethylene
Authors: García Parrales Luis Daniel , Saltos Meza Leonardo Andrés , Burgos Briones Gabriel Alfonso , Delgado Demera María Hipatia , Cedeño Palacios Carlos Alfredo
Published: March 2023

Solanum lycopersicum L. (tomato) is a product of great importance for the world industry due to its versatility as a fresh and processed product; ethylene is a natural hormone present in fruits and vegetables whose function is to initiate the ripening process. The purpose of the research was to add this phytohormone to accelerate the ripening process in tomatoes. The methodology was based on a dosage of 720000 mg/L of ethylene at a concentration of 100 ppm, the analyses carried out were color, pH, acidity; performing the drying process at temperatures of 105-115-130°C. As results, it was obtained that the process of application of ethylene, accelerated the maturation in 4 days, emitting a color with grade 6 (bright red was more than 90%), the pH was within the parameters established in INEN 2832, CODEX STAN 293-2007 and NMX-FF-031; the acidity is >0.85 (mg. Ac/g); the curve in the drying process fitted best at 130°C with an R2=0.9992, while the drying kinetics was favorable at the same temperature with a drying rate of W=3Kg/m2h. It is concluded that the application of ethylene favors the acceleration of the tomato ripening process with the decrease of the natural time from 20 days to 4 days, while the drying kinetics is favored at 130°C.
Phytochemical and thickening properties of the mucilage of Malachra alceifolia jacq., in a shampoo formulation
Authors: Quezada Moreno Walter , Proaño-Molina Marcia , Proaño-Molina Paola , Mesa-Aguilar Jorge , Vera-Oyague Marisol , Caicedo-Álvarez Mauro , Tapia-Zuñiga Mónica , Quezada-Torres Walter , Ramírez-Gutierrez César
Published: March 2023

The feasibility of the using of mucilages as viscous hydrocolloids in order to reduce dependence on inorganic products that are unfriendly to the environment, is a necessity that the scientific community must take advantage on behalf of development of new products. The aim was to determine the phytochemical components and thickening capacity of mucilage as a hydrocolloid in a shampoo formula. Phytochemical sieve was done by coloration, precipitation and flotation reactions. Mucilage extraction was performed by hydration-maceration of crushed stems according to experimental design  (three factors and two levels) and controlled by the viscosity response variable. For the shampoo, a design of  was used (two factors and two levels), evaluated with viscosity response variables and lather formation, results that were tabulated with the statistical software statgraphics plus. The results show in the hydrocolloid the presence of tannins, alkaloids, triterpenes. Its thickening capacity due to the significant viscosity of the hydrocolloid (1186 mPa.s). The viscosity of the shampoo between 1020 and 1460 mPa.s and the amount of foam (213 ml) that reward the quality. It is concluded that, the complex molecular structure and abundant presence of mucilage in its natural state in the stems of Malachra alceifolia Jacq allows the hydrocolloid obtained to have a great viscosifying and moisturizing capacity with an almost neutral pH, qualities that affect the quality of the shampoo and are suitable for commercial products with friendly features to the environment; being promoted as a raw material for formulations of other personal hygiene products with an important projection of immediate application in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industry.
IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON HYDROLOGICAL AND METEOROLOGICAL QUANTITIES IN WATERSHED SCALE
Authors: Bednar Martin , Marton Daniel
Published: March 2023

Climate change�s effect on nature, the human population and water resources have become a serious issue. It affects the delicate balance between precipitation, evaporation, discharge and other interactions between the atmosphere and surface, which is represented by the water cycle as we know it. The adaptation of water resources to changing hydrological conditions within basins is crucial. However, the uncertainty of climate change makes it difficult for hydrological models to evaluate future conditions. To suppress the uncertainty that stems from the hydrological model itself, we propose a new modified lumped water balance model in monthly time steps to simulate the rainfallrunoff process more precisely, which will help to evaluate the predicted hydrological and climatological conditions under the uncertainty of climate change. Assessment of the effects of climate change is presented on the catchment above the Vir I reservoir on the Svratka River in the Czech Republic in Central Europe. The uncertainty of climate change is represented by an ensemble of future climatological projections using representative concentration pathways (RCP) scenarios. Two ensembles were generated: the first using RCP 4.5 and the second using RCP 8.5. Both scenarios were coupled with 18 global climate models which are available in LARS-WG 6 software. Analysis of the generated climatological quantities for both ensembles in the 2030s, 2050s, and 2090s periods on annual average relative to baseline values showed an increase in mean temperature of 21.4% (1.4�C), 33.1% (2.2�C) and 55.5% (3.7�C), an increase of potential evapotranspiration of 7.2%, 11.4% and 20.5%, and an increase in precipitation of 4.8%, 5.3% and 5.5%, respectively. Evaluated long-term mean streamflow showed a decrease in the 2030s, 2050s and 2090 of 1.0%, 3.1% and 2.9%, respectively, for RCP 4.5 and an increase of 1.8% in the 2030s but then also a decrease in the 2050s and 2090s of 2.3% and 17.9%, respectively, for RCP 8.5.
DETECTING THE INFLUENCE OF FORESTS ON WATER RESOURCES IN BULGARIA
Authors: Shuleva Nevena , Kolev Konstantin
Published: March 2023

Bulgarian forests are part of the national wealth and national identity. Their economic, social and ecological functions are important for the sustainable development of society and for improvement of living conditions especially in rural and mountainous regions. To a large extent these functions are irreplaceable not only in a national but also in a global aspect. In this connection in the present paper a structural-functional characterization of Bulgarian forest territories is done. Actual data on the area of forests, wood stock, wood increment and distribution of forests by functions are presented. Regarding the last one, the attention is focused on concise characteristics of forests with water protection functions on the territory of Bulgaria and water resources of the country. On the basis of the above, the guiding hypothesis for the study is formulated, namely: there is a correlation between the area of forest territories in Bulgaria and the territory occupied by water and water bodies. The verification is carried out by means of a correlation analysis, which is based on data from the National Statistical Institute (NSI) on the areas of forest territories and territories occupied by water and water bodies in 23 districts from level NUTS-3 in Bulgaria in 2021. Regarding the area occupied by water and water bodies, it should be clarified that according to NSI it includes plots for watercourses, water bodies and available water facilities.
EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMS OF FOREST PEDAGOGY AS A STARTING POINT FOR A SUSTAINABLE PROGRESS
Authors: Kollarova Dana , Nagyova Alexandra
Published: March 2023

In the current society, the topic of global environmental problems that people face in their everyday lives is becoming more frequent. The consumption lifestyle of people has a negative impact on the environment, which causes reduced quality of life on Earth. One of the most important tasks of education is leading children toward sustainable living. The study is focused on a specific pedagogical-didactical approach � Forest pedagogy as one of the options for environmental education as well as building a relationship towards sustainable development in the primary level of education. Forest pedagogy is focused on teaching about the forest ecosystem and children forming a positive relationship towards the protection of the environment on examples tied to the forest. Forest pedagogy introduces programs that are realized by forest pedagogues at school within formal education based on the condition set by the Slovak Republic. These programs lead towards the education of environmental thinking and a positive approach of a child towards the environment. The study features partial outcomes of the research on how the programs of forest pedagogy influence the development of children�s knowledge about forests and their protection.
THE REGENERATION OF SCOTS PINE PINUS SYLVESTRIS L. AFTER SELECTIVE FELLING IN HYLOCOMIOSA FOREST SITE TYPE
Authors: Straupe Inga , Sadauskis Edgars
Published: March 2023

The objects of study are Hylocomiosa forest site forests owned by government and managed by JSC �Latvia�s State Forests�. Research object is a part of forest protection zone around cities. In those protection zones clear-cut is forbidden by law. In order to promote forest growth and mitigate the negative effects of climate change, forests in protected zones also need to be properly managed. The aim of research is to evaluate regeneration success of Scots pine Pinus sylvestris L after group selection felling in Hylocomiosa forest site type.
The data required for the research were obtained by establishing 25 m2 sample plots in five research objects: three of those research objects are after first step of group selection felling and two objects after the first step of overall selection felling. An annual height increases of Scots pine (starting from the second year) was measured in the sample plots of the first group selection felling openings (0.2 ha) and the number of trees was determined in one four-year-old and two biennial young stands. The heights of Scots pines were measured and compared in the four year old group selection felling site and in two overall selection felling sites by evenly establishing sample plots on the longest diagonal of the research area. The prediction of the next group felling step by registering at least one meter high Scots pine was done.
The study found that in the Hylocomiosa forest site by artificial regeneration the area with Scots pine, both - two and four years after regeneration, the number of trees per hectare is sufficient. The increase of the height and annual height of Scots pine in the second year after restoration are similar among sites. It is potential to predict the time period after which the next step of selection felling will be possible. The natural regeneration of Scots pine under canopy of the remaining stand takes twice as long as artificial regeneration in gaps after group selection felling.
Optical Upconversion Properties Of Tm2O3 / Yb2O3 Doped Lead Tellurite Glasses
Authors: F. Ansaria Ghizal , P. Mahato S.
Published: March 2023

The melt-quench process was used to create the lead-tellurite glasses codoped with lanthanides as thulium and ytterbium. Thermal characterization carried by differential scanning calorimetry. X-ray diffraction is studies to get the nature of sold sample. The UV-Visible-IR absorption spectra was carried in range of 300 nm to 1100 nm. There were four unique absorption peaks on the glass thulium –ytterbium doped glass. The frequency up-conversion (UC) fluorescence has been seen at room temperature by 975 nm excitation.
School Psychology: A Positive Psychology Approach
Authors: Saksena N.K.
Published: March 2023

The ultimate goal of schools is to educate young people to become responsible,

critically thinking citizens who can succeed in life. Understanding the factors that

stimulate them to become active agents in their own learning is critical. Positive

psychology is a relatively new field of psychology.Positive psychology can be used to

unravel factors that facilitate a student’s sense of agency and active school engagement.

Positive psychology is an emerging applied science that is just beginning to have a

significant impact on schools and school-based interventions. Positive psychology is

also used in school-based interventions from the point of view of public health.

Interventions are given to students at different levels based on their individual needs.

An inordinate number of students report high levels of boredom, anger, and stress in

schools. This scenario often leads to their disengagement from critical learning and

school development. Positive psychology has gained immense popularity within many

areas of the behavioural sciences, including applied psychology. Most of the interest in

positive psychology, however, has been disproportionately focused on adults. (Diener

& Diener, 2009). Child development and the structures that support that development

have received less attention within positive psychology. The attributes of interest to

positive psychologists are Optimism, Hope, Creativity, Self-Efficacy, Virtues of various

types like Forgiveness and Gratitude, and Subjective Well-being are likely to begin in

childhood. It is, therefore, imperative that childhood and those organisations that are

most pertinent to the developing child-family, child, peers, and school—be of high

interest to positive psychologists. The development of a child is facilitated by primary

group and secondary group socialization processes.
MEDIATOR STATUS IN CRIMINAL EXECUTIVE PROCEEDINGS DE LEGE FERENDA
Authors: Sławicki Piotr
Published: March 2023

The aim of the article is to present de lege ferenda postulates regarding the status of a mediator. Current regulations indicate certain requirements regarding formal conditions and rules for disclosing a mediator in the list of institutions and persons authorized to conduct mediation proceedings in the field of criminal matters. The specificity of the criminal executive proceedings, in particular the admissibility of conducting mediation proceedings in solitary confinement, requires the introduction of special provisions regarding the status of a mediator conducting mediation after the sentence.The article uses the dogmatic-legal method, but its main assumption - in the absence of a separate legal regulation in this area - is the formulation of de lege ferenda postulates.This study is divided into three parts. The first chapter presents the general principles of regulating the status of a mediator in Polish law. Then, the current normative solutions regarding the role of the mediator in mediation after the judgment and an attempt to interpret them will be subject to evaluation. The last part will contain de lege ferenda postulates indicating the directions and scope of the required changes.The presented considerations lead to the conclusion that legislative intervention is necessary in the scope of specifying the status of the mediator at the stage of mediation after the judgment, in particular with regard to the rights and obligations related to the course of mediation in solitary confinement. In order to ensure proper flexibility of legal regulations and their adaptation to individual penitentiary units, one should first of all postulate the regulation at the level of internal regulations.This study is an innovative approach to the presented issues, taking into account the practical experience of mediators operating within the Lublin Center for Arbitration and Mediation at the John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin in mediation after the sentence in the District Inspectorate of Prison Service in Lublin.
Importante Papel Do Professor na Educação Inclusiva Durante a Pandemia da COVID-19
Authors: Santana Leonardo Sampaio Baleeiro , Goveia Andre Ribeiro de , Borges Samuel Marques , Costa Erinildes Pereira Ximenes , Rabelo Ana Meire da Silva Costa , Xerente Maria Lucia Gomes da Silva Miranda
Published: March 2023

A pandemia COVID-19 e as medidas de segurança que a acompanham, incluindo confinamento, representam um desafio sem precedentes para a população mundial hoje. No entanto, isso acarretou dificuldades adicionais para populações específicas, incluindo crianças e pessoas com deficiência. Ficar meses fora da escola reduziu as oportunidades de aprendizagem para muitas crianças, como aquelas com menos recursos acadêmicos em casa ou com conectividade tecnológica mais precária. Para os alunos com deficiência, tem acarretado a perda da qualidade da atenção especial de que muitas vezes necessitam, além de uma compreensão mais limitada da situação. Este trabalho tem o intuito de mostrar os ambientes de aprendizagem que o Professor está inserido nos dias de hoje, precisando este, formatar novos planos e levar dinâmicas que sejam calcadas nos saberes dialógicos, onde a escola, possa proporcionar ensino a distância de qualidade para alunos com deficiência, contribuindo para superar algumas das barreiras que o contexto pandêmico cria para a educação desses alunos.

 

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Desafio do Ingresso e a Batalha pela Permanência Discussões sobre a Educação Superior no Brasil.
Authors: Silva Maria do Socorro Barbosa e , González José Antônio Torres
Published: March 2023

A equidade está profundamente relacionada com o acesso dos membros da sociedade à educação em geral e ao ensino superior em particular. É esta última que impulsiona a mobilidade social, que é uma das condições para uma maior equidade na sociedade. O ensino superior afeta a ampliação da inclusão social, a distribuição de renda, a inserção no mercado de trabalho, a apropriação de bens culturais e, em geral, no desenvolvimento de capacidades individuais e sociais. Por esses motivos, este estudo objetiva, por meio de uma pesquisa bibliográfica, categorizar as dificuldades para a inserção de estudantes no ensino superior, considerando os desafios da permanência e posterior conclusão. Tal pesquisa contribuirá para avaliar e acompanhar os resultados sociais, econômicos e culturais decorrentes da sua função formativa e para oferecer alternativas políticas, destinadas a melhorar os seus resultados em termos de equidade social.
Improving Teachers' Professional Competence with Application of the Active, Innovative, Creative, Effective and Fun Learning Method
Authors: Simaremare Juni Agus , Sirait Jumaria , Simamora Marienta , Siregar Try Oktari
Published: March 2023

This study aims to improve the professional competence of subject teachers at SD Negeri 091316 Pematang Raya in implementing the PAIKEM Learning Model through continuous mentoring. This research is classified as School Action Research involving 6 subject teachers in two cycles, each cycle consisting of four stages, namely: planning, implementation, observation and reflection. The result indicates that there was an increase in teacher activity and competence in applying the PAIKEM model from cycle I to cycle II. The achievement of performance indicators is found in the second action. The results of this study indicate an increase in the planning, implementation, evaluation of learning in accordance with the syntax of the PAIKEM model. The results of data analysis in each cycle showed an increase in the four aspects of the assessment, with an explanation of the increase in aspects of preparing an implementation plan in the initial conditions from 54.00 with the criteria of less value increased to 67.67 with the criteria of sufficient value and 78.83 with the criteria of good value, in the aspect of the implementation of learning from the average value of 64.71 with the criteria of less value increased to 65.43 with the criteria of sufficient value and 75.43 with the criteria of good value in the second cycle, in the aspect of the assessment of learning outcomes from an average of 64.72 with the criterion of a low score becomes 65.42 with a criterion of sufficient value and 77.42 with a criterion of good value and in the aspect of class management from 66.26 with a criterion of less value to 66.83 with a criterion of sufficient value and 75.83 with a criterion of good value. Thus, the continuous guidance carried out by the researchers succeeded in improving the professional skills of the teachers of SD Negeri 091316 Pematang Raya.
İktisat Teorisinde Nüfus ve Ekonomik Büyüme Arasındaki İlişkinin Gelişimi
Authors: İSLAMOĞLU Bilal , AKKUZU İdris
Published: March 2023

Sanayileşmeden günümüze, nüfus artışı ve ekonomik büyüme ilişkisi iktisat teorisinin temel tartışma konularından birisidir. Klasik iktisatta, nüfus yoğunluğu, iş bölümü, üretkenlik, reel ücretler ve yoksulluk kavramları ile ele alınan nüfus-büyüme ilişkisi, yirminci yüzyılın ikinci yarısından itibaren teknolojik gelişme, çevre kirliliği, sürdürülebilirlik, sosyal sermaye ve uluslararası göç olgularını ve gelişmiş-gelişmekte olan ülkeler arasındaki farklılıkları bünyesine alan bir aşamaya evrilmiştir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Adam Smith, Thomas Malthus, Ester Boserup, Michael Kremer, Dennis Meadows, Julian Simon, Nicholas Eberstadt ve Geoffrey Garret’in konu ile ilgili temel eserlerini ilk elden inceleyerek nüfus-büyüme ilişkisinin tarihsel gelişimini izlemektir. Tartışmaların bir tarafı, nüfus artışının ekonomik büyüme için gerekli bir koşul olduğunu ileri sürerken, diğer tarafı ekonomik büyüme için bir kısıt oluşturduğu yönündedir. Bir yandan eğitim seviyesi ve üretkenliği yüksek çalışma çağında nüfusun gerekliliğine vurgu yapılırken diğer yandan doğal kaynaklar ve gıda talebi üzerindeki baskının sürdürülebilirliği için ar-ge yatırımlarının ve teknolojik yeniliklerin önemine dikkat çekilmekte; nüfus-ekonomik büyüme ilişkisi açısından yakın gelecekte, olumlu ve olumsuz yanlarıyla birlikte, uluslararası göçün daha fazla önem kazanacağının altı çizilmektedir.
Value of Moral Reasoning in Whistleblowing: A Milennal Generation Perspective
Authors: Wulan Mulyaning
Published: March 2023

Whistleblowingis an action to report fraud or violations committed by a party within the organization. This study aims to examine moral reasoning regarding whistleblowing intentions. This study uses primary data with quantitative methods using questionnaire techniques. The population in this study is the millennial generation aged 25 to 40 years. The hypothesis in this study uses the Partial Least Square (PLS) application. The results of this study state that moral reasoning has a positive effect on the millennial generation's intention to do whistleblowing.
Prevalencia y tipos de cardiopatías congénitas en pacientes con Síndrome de Down en un hospital de Ecuador
Authors: Altamirano-Erazo Miguel , Rodas-Enríquez Roberto Antonio
Published: March 2023

El Síndrome de Down, también conocido como trisomía 21, es una afección cromosómica común que se asocia con cardiopatías congénitas en un 40 a 60% de los casos, lo que puede llevar a complicaciones médicas graves. En un estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo y de corte transversal realizado en el Hospital General Puyo, en Ecuador, durante un período de cuatro años, se examinaron 30 pacientes con Síndrome de Down para determinar la frecuencia de cada tipo de cardiopatía congénita en esta población. Los resultados mostraron que las cardiopatías no cianóticas eran las más comunes, siendo las comunicaciones interauriculares y las comunicaciones interventriculares las más prevalentes, seguidas del canal auriculoventricular. La prevalencia de las cardiopatías congénitas fue mayor en hombres y en pacientes de la provincia de Pastaza. La mayoría de los casos se encontraron en preescolares, con una mayor frecuencia en pacientes mayores de dos años. Este estudio proporciona información importante sobre la prevalencia y los tipos de cardiopatías congénitas en pacientes con Síndrome de Down, lo que puede ayudar a mejorar el diagnóstico y tratamiento tempranos de estas afecciones en esta población.
Prevalencia de Dolor Lumbar y Cervical en Trabajadores Industriales y de Construcción: Un Caso de Estudio en Ecuador
Authors: Altamirano-Erazo Miguel , Veintimilla-Gualotuña Ana Belén
Published: March 2023

La salud de los trabajadores en los sectores industrial y de la construcción puede verse afectada por una serie de riesgos, principalmente de tipo ergonómicos y físicos. El objetivo de este estudio descriptivo de corte transversal realizado en Ecuador en 2021, es establecer la prevalencia de dolor lumbar asociado a las condiciones de trabajo en los trabajadores de estos sectores. Para llevar a cabo este estudio se seleccionó a un total de 207 trabajadores de los sectores de la construcción e industrial, y se utilizó un grupo de control compuesto por trabajadores administrativos. Se aplicaron dos cuestionarios, uno de condiciones de trabajo y salud en Latinoamérica y otro cuestionario nórdico adaptado a cada uno de los sectores. Los resultados del estudio indican una alta prevalencia de dolor lumbar (40.58%) en los trabajadores, y se encontró que esta prevalencia está asociada con el sexo masculino, un mayor número de trabajos remunerados, pertenecer a sectores asociados a la construcción y manipular cargas. Además, se determinó una alta prevalencia de dolor de cuello (35.74%) especialmente en el personal administrativo. Los resultados sugieren la necesidad de adoptar medidas preventivas para reducir la prevalencia de dolor lumbar y cervical en el lugar de trabajo, como la mejora de las condiciones ergonómicas y la implementación de programas de capacitación en prevención de lesiones laborales.
Tradução e Validação de um Instrumento para Mensurar Atitudes em Relação à Robótica
Authors: Moraes João Pedro A. , Bittencourt Roberto A.
Published: March 2023

A robótica educacional está se popularizando como ferramenta para o desenvolvimento de habilidades do século XXI. Entretanto, ainda faltam instrumentos apropriados, em especial em português, para avaliar percepções dos estudantes em relação a este tipo de ferramental. Este artigo apresenta uma tradução e validação de um instrumento para mensurar as atitudes de estudantes da educação básica em relação à robótica. O instrumento foi aplicado com uma amostra de 255 estudantes de uma escola pública estadual. A validade foi medida através de análise fatorial confirmatória. Já a confiabilidade do instrumento foi mensurada através do Alfa de Cronbach. Todos os construtos do instrumento apresentaram validade e confiabilidade aceitáveis.