bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The burden of 14 hr-HPV genotypes in women attending routine cervical cancer screening in 20 states of Mexico: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Campos-Romero Abraham , Anderson Karen S. , Longatto-Filho Adhemar , Luna-Ruiz Esparza Marco A. , Morán-Portela David J. , Castro-Menéndez Javier A. , Moreno-Camacho José L. , Calva-Espinosa Diana Y. , Acosta-Alfaro Manuel A. , Meynard-Mejía Freddy A. , Muñoz-Gaitán Marlene , Alcántar-Fernández Jonathan
Published: July 2019

In Mexico, HPV vaccines available immunize against genotypes 16/18 and 16/18/6/11; however, there is limited surveillance about carcinogenic subtypes in different states of the country that allow evaluating the effectiveness of vaccination and cervical cancer screening programs. Here, we report the regional and age-specific prevalence of 14 hr-HPV genotypes as well as their prevalence in abnormal cytology (from ASCUS to cervical cancer) among Mexican women which were undergoing from cervical cancer screening in the Salud Digna clinics in 20 states of the country. This study includes women with social security from the majority of public health institutions (IMSS, ISSSTE, SEMAR, and PEMEX), and women without social security. For cervical cancer screening, we used the SurePath liquid-based cytology and the BD Onclarity HPV Assay. From December 1, 2016, to August 2, 2018, the hr-HPV prevalence among 60,135 women was 24.78%, the most prevalent types were HPV 16 (4.13%), HPV 31 (4.12%) and HPV 51 (3.39%), while HPV 18 (1.70%) was less prevalent among infected women. Interestingly, the genotypes not covered by current vaccines in Mexico were commonly found in precancerous lesions, evidencing their carcinogenic potential, so it is necessary to increase their surveillance and inclusion in cervical cancer screening triage.
Density-based fractionation of soil organic matter: effects of heavy liquid and heavy fraction washing
Authors: Plaza César , Giannetta Beatrice , Benavente Iria , Vischetti Costantino , Zaccone Claudio
Published: July 2019

Physical fractionation methods used in soil organic matter (SOM) research commonly include density-based procedures with heavy liquids to separate SOM pools with varying turnover rates and functions. Once separated, the heavy SOM pools are often thoroughly rinsed with water to wash off any residues of the heavy liquids. Using four soils with contrasting properties, we investigated the effects of using either sodium polytungstate (SPT) or sodium iodide (NaI), two of the most commonly used heavy liquids, on the distribution of organic carbon (C) and total nitrogen (N) in free light, intra-aggregate light, and mineral-associated heavy SOM pools isolated by a common fractionation scheme. We also determined the effects of washing the mineral-associated heavy SOM fractions on the recovery of organic C and total N after separation. Because of its smaller viscosity compared to that of NaI, SPT consistently yielded greater intra-aggregate and smaller mineral-associated soil organic C contents. We also confirm that some commercial SPT products, such as the one used here, can contaminate organo-mineral heavy pools with N during density-based fractionation procedures. We do not recommend the repeated washing of heavy fractions separated with Na-based heavy liquids, as this can mobilize SOM.
Individual variation in cognitive style reflects foraging and anti-predator strategies in a small mammal
Authors: Mazza Valeria , Jacob Jens , Dammhahn Melanie , Zaccaroni Marco , Eccard Jana A.
Published: July 2019

Balancing foraging gain and predation risk is a fundamental trade-off in the life of animals. Individual strategies to acquire, process, store and use information to solve cognitive tasks are likely to affect speed and flexibility of learning, and ecologically relevant decisions regarding foraging and predation risk. Theory suggests a functional link between individual variation in cognitive style and behaviour (animal personality) via speed-accuracy and risk-reward trade-offs. We tested whether cognitive style and personality affect risk-reward trade-off decisions posed by foraging and predation risk. We exposed 21 bank voles (Myodes glareolus) that were bold, fast learning and inflexible and 18 voles that were shy, slow learning and flexible to outdoor enclosures with different risk levels at two food patches. We quantified individual food patch exploitation, foraging and vigilance behaviour. Although both types responded to risk, fast animals increasingly exploited both food patches, gaining access to more food and spending less time searching and exercising vigilance. Slow animals progressively avoided high-risk areas, concentrating foraging effort in the low-risk one, and devoting >50% of visit to vigilance. These patterns indicate that individual differences in cognitive style/personality are reflected in foraging and anti-predator decisions that underlie the individual risk-reward bias.
Fish species composition, distribution and community structure in the lower reaches of Ganjiang River, Jiangxi, China
Authors: Hu Maolin , Wang Chaoyang , Liu Yizhen , Zhang Xiangyu , Jian Shaoqing
Published: July 2019

The Ganjiang River (length: 823 km; drainage area: 82,809 km2) is the largest river that flows into Poyang Lake and an important tributary of the Yangtze River. In this study, fish fauna were collected from 10 stations in the lower reaches of the river (YC: Yichun, XY: Xinyu, SG: Shanggao, GA: Ganan, ZS: Zhangshu, FC: Fengcheng, NC: Nanchang, QS: Qiaoshe, NX: Nanxin, CC: Chucha) from March 2017 to February 2018. The species composition and distribution as well as spatio-temporal variation in biodiversity and abundance were then examined. Overall, 12,680 samples comprising15 families and 84 species were collected, the majority of which belonged to the Order Cypriniformes (69.05% of the total species collected) and Cyprinidae (64.29%). Moreover, of these 84 species, 36 (42.86%) were endemic to China. Dominant species were Cyprinus carpio (index of relative importance (IRI): 17.19%), Pseudobrama simoni (IRI: 10.81%) and Xenocypris argentea (IRI: 10.20%). Subsequent cluster analysis divided the samples into three significantly different groups by sample site. Meanwhile, Margalef species richness and Shannon−Wiener diversity indices were both low, and along with analyses of abundance-biomass curves suggested moderate disturbance. Current threats to the conservation of fish biodiversity in the lower reaches were also reviewed and management solutions suggested. The results will help form the basis for reasonable exploitation and protection of freshwater fish in the lower reaches of the Ganjiang River.
Characterization of bacterial community changes and antibiotic resistance genes in lamb manure of different incidence
Authors: Kong Ling-cong , Wang Bo , Wang Yi-ming , Hu Ren-ge , Atiewin AtiahLujia , Gao Duo , Gao Yun-hang , Ma Hong-xia
Published: July 2019

Bacterial enteritis is the most important disease in lamb for breeding greatly affects the growth of animals. Changes in the community of intestinal flora can cause the disorder of the colonic environment induced diarrhea. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the incidence of bacterial enteritis and the number of intestinal microbiome, then the prevalence of drug-resistant genes was detected. Fecal samples were collected at five fattening sheep farms with different incidence of bacterial enteritis, pathogenic bacteria were isolated and identified, drug sensitivity tests were performed. Then, changes in number and structure of intestinal flora were compared by 16S rDNA V3-V4 region high-throughput sequencing, and the ARGs were detected using high-throughput real-time PCR. Our results revealed that the microbial communities were positively correlated with the incidence of bacterial enteritis in different farms. Bacterial communities were higher in YJ (with highest incidence of diarrhea) than any other farms. However, the ARGs seemed not to be more affected by the incidence of bacterial enteritis, but one of the significant findings to emerge from this study is that MCR-1 and NDM are detected in manure. This study has provided an insight of the changes occurring in intestinal flora and AGRs in fattening sheep farms with diverse incidence of bacterial enteritis.
Fungal canker pathogens trigger carbon starvation by inhibiting carbon metabolism in poplar stems
Authors: Li Ping , Liu Wenxin , Zhang Yinan , Xing Junchao , Li Jinxin , Feng Jinxia , Su Xiaohua , Zhao Jiaping
Published: July 2019

Carbon starvation is the current leading hypothesis of plant mortality mechanisms under drought stress; recently, it is also used to explain tree die-off in plant diseases. However, the molecular biology of the carbon starvation pathway is unclear. Here, using a punch inoculation system, we conducted transcriptome and physiological assays to investigate pathogen response in poplar stems at the early stages of Botryosphaeria and Valsa canker diseases. Transcriptome assays showed that the majority of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in stem phloem and xylem, such as genes involved in carbon metabolism and transportation, aquaporin genes (in xylem) and genes related to the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites and the phenylpropanoid pathway (related to lignin synthesis), were downregulated at 7 days after inoculation (DAI). Results also showed that the expression of the majority of disease-resistance genes upregulated in poplar stems, which may be connected with the downregulation expression of the majority of WRKY family genes. Physiological assays showed that transpiration rate decreased but WUE (water use efficiency) increased the 3 and 7 DAI, while the net photosynthetic rate decreased at 11 DAI in Botryosphaeria infected poplars (ANOVA, P < 0.05). The NSC (non-structural carbohydrates) content assays showed that the soluble sugar content of stem phloem samples increased at 3, 7, and 11 DAI that might due to the impede of pathogen infection. However, soluble sugar content of stem xylem and root samples decreased at 11 DAI; in contrast, the starch content unchanged. Therefore, results revealed a chronological order of carbon related molecular and physiological performance: declination of genes involved in carbon and starch metabolism first (at least at 7 DAI), declination of assimilation and carbon reserve (at 11 DAI) second. Results implied a potential mechanism that affects the host carbon reserve, by directly inhibiting the expression of genes involved in carbon metabolism and transport.
Incremental Peritoneal Dialysis May be Beneficial for Preserving Residual Renal Function Compared to Full-dose Peritoneal Dialysis
Authors: Lee Yeonhee , Chung Sung Won , Park Seokwoo , Ryu Hyunjin , Lee Hajeong , Kim Dong Ki , Joo Kwon Wook , Ahn Curie , Lee Joongyub , Oh Kook-Hwan
Published: July 2019

Maintaining residual renal function (RRF) is a crucial issue in peritoneal dialysis (PD). Incremental dialysis is the practice of initiating PD exchanges less than four times a day in consideration of RRF, and increasing dialysis dose in a step-wise manner as the RRF decreases. We aimed to compare the outcomes of incremental PD and full-dose PD in terms of RRF preservation and other outcomes. This was a single-center, observational study. Data were extracted retrospectively from a cohort of incident PD patients over 16 years old who started PD between 2007 and 2015 in the PD Unit of Seoul National University Hospital. We used inverse probability weighting (IPW) adjustment based on propensity scores to balance covariates between the incremental and full-dose PD groups. Multivariate, time-dependent Cox analyses were performed. Among 347 incident PD patients, 176 underwent incremental PD and 171 underwent conventional full-dose PD. After IPW adjustment, the incremental PD group exhibited a lower risk of developing anuria (hazard ratio [HR] 0.61, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.43–0.88). Patient survival, technique survival, and peritonitis-free survival were all similar between these groups (P > 0.05 by log-rank test). Incremental PD was beneficial for preserving RRF and showed similar patient survival when compared to conventional full-dose PD.
Isostructural M(ii) complexes (M = Mn, Fe, Co) with field-induced slow magnetic relaxation for Mn and Co complexes
Authors: Uchida Kaiji , Cosquer Goulven , Sugisaki Kenji , Matsuoka Hideto , Sato Kazunobu , Breedlove Brian K. , Yamashita Masahiro
Published: July 2019

We reported the first example of SIM behavior in a hepta-coordinate pentagonal bipyramid MnII complex.
Graphene oxide-circular aptamer based colorimetric protein detection on bioactive paper
Authors: Li Xue , He Xin , Zhang Qiang , Chang Yangyang , Liu Meng
Published: July 2019

Paper-based sensor technology represents a new class of point-of-care (POC) diagnostic devices that is affordable, portable, rapid and scalable for manufacturing.
Droplet-based microfluidic synthesis of (Au nanorod@Ag)–polyaniline Janus nanoparticles and their application as a surface-enhanced Raman scattering nanosensor for mercury detection
Authors: Wang Yue , Shang Mengxue , Wang Yaning , Xu Zhangrun
Published: July 2019

Monodisperse anisotropic (AuNR@Ag)–PANI JNPs were synthesized by using a droplet-based microfluidic platform, and show a fairly good response to Hg2+ions and have been successfully applied for quantitative analysis of Hg2+ions in real water samples.
Downregulating NF-κB signaling pathway with triterpenoids for attenuating inflammation:in vitroandin vivostudies
Authors: Chen Min , Qin Ying , Ma Hang , Zheng Xi , Zhou Renping , Sun Shili , Huang Yiqi , Duan Qing , Liu Wenfeng , Wu Panpan , Xu Xuetao , Sheng Zhaojun , Zhang Kun , Li Dongli
Published: July 2019

Two triterpenoids fromAcanthopanax trifoliatus, an edible medicinal plant from Southeast Asia, attenuated lipopolysaccharides-induced inflammation in murine macrophage RAW246.7 cells and tetradecanoylphorbolacetate-induced mouse ear edema.
Highly stable polysulfone anion exchange membranes incorporated with bulky alkyl substituted guanidinium cations
Authors: Xue Boxin , Wang Fen , Zheng Jifu , Li Shenghai , Zhang Suobo
Published: July 2019

Free and bulky alkyl substituent groups with large steric hindrance dramatically improve the alkaline stability of guanidiniums.
Single-walled carbon nanotube layers for millimeter-wave beam steering
Authors: Smirnov Serguei , Lioubtchenko Dmitri V. , Oberhammer Joachim
Published: July 2019

Thin layers of single-walled carbon nanotubes are used as an optically tunable impedance surface for millimeter wave beam steering.
Highly flexible, mesoporous structured, and metallic Cu-doped C/SiO2 nanofibrous membranes for efficient catalytic oxidative elimination of antibiotic pollutants
Authors: Shan Haoru , Dong Xiangyang , Cheng Xiaota , Si Yang , Yu Jianyong , Ding Bin
Published: July 2019

Mesoporous metallic Cu-doped SiO2-based nanofibrous membranes with superb flexibility for efficient catalytic elimination of antibiotics via persulfate activation.
Synthesis and glycosidase inhibition of conformationally locked DNJ and DMJ derivatives exploiting a 2-oxo-C-allyl iminosugar
Authors: Foucart Quentin , Shimadate Yuna , Marrot Jérôme , Kato Atsushi , Désiré Jérôme , Blériot Yves
Published: July 2019

The synthesis and glycosidase inhibition profile of a series of bicyclic analogs of DNJ and DMJ displaying a similar hydroxyl pattern and a distinct conformation is described.
Effects of incorporated pyrazine on the interchain packing and photovoltaic properties of wide-bandgap D–A polymers for non-fullerene polymer solar cells
Authors: Kini Gururaj P. , Choi Jun Young , Jeon Sung Jae , Suh Il Soon , Moon Doo Kyung
Published: July 2019

The impact of using pyrazine as an acceptor core for designing donor–acceptor (D–A) based wide bandgap polymers for application in non-fullerene solar cells was evaluated.
Preactivation-based, iterative one-pot synthesis of anticoagulant pentasaccharide fondaparinux sodium
Authors: Jin Hongzhen , Chen Qiang , Zhang Yan-Yan , Hao Kai-Feng , Zhang Guo-Qiang , Zhao Wei
Published: July 2019

A one-pot, three-component synthetic strategy was designed to rapidly assemble fondaparinux, using a monosaccharide donor and two disaccharide acceptors.
The influence of curvature on domain distribution in binary mixture membranes
Authors: Li Wei , Carrillo Jan-Michael Y. , Katsaras John , Sumpter Bobby G. , Ashkar Rana , Kumar Rajeev
Published: July 2019

Curvature-induced domain sorting is investigated in two types of binary mixture membranes. Two contrasting sorting behaviors are revealed, showing that rigid species can also be accommodated in the high curvature regions.
Insulin resistance in prostate cancer patients and predisposing them to acute ischemic heart disease
Authors: Ray Udayan , Bank Sarbashri , Jayawardana Madawa W. , Bhowmik Jahar , Redwig Frank , Jana Pradipta , Bhattacharya Suman , Manna Emili , Kumar De Subrata , Maiti Smarajit , Roberts-Thomson Philip , Parameswaran Venkat , Sinha Asru K.
Published: July 2019

Lack of insulin or insulin resistance (IR) plays a central role in diabetes mellitus and makes diabetics prone to acute ischemic heart disease (AIHD). It has likewise been found that many cancer patients, including prostate cancer patients die of AIHD. Previously it has been delineated from our laboratory that dermcidin could induce anomalous platelet aggregation in AIHD and also impaired nitric oxide and insulin activity and furthermore dermcidin was also found in a few types of cancer patients. To determine the role of this protein in prostatic malignancy, a retrospective case–control study was conducted and blood was collected from prostate cancer patients and healthy normal volunteers. So, we measured the level of dermcidin protein and analyzed the IR by Homeostasis Model Assessment (HOMA) score calculation. Nitric oxide was measured by methemoglobin method. HDL, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), BMI, hs-cTroponin-T were measured for the validation of the patients’ status in the presence of Dermcidin isoform-2 (DCN-2). Multiple logistic regression model adjusted for age and BMI identified that the HOMA score was significantly elevated in prostate cancer patients (OR = 7.19, P<0.001). Prostate cancer patients are associated with lower level of NO and higher level of both proteins dermcidin (OR = 1.12, P<0.001) and hs-TroponinT (OR = 1.76, P<0.001). From the results, it can be interpreted that IR plays a key role in the pathophysiology of prostate cancer where dermcidin was the cause of IR through NO inhibition leading to AIHD was also explained by high-sensitive fifth generation cTroponin-T (hs-cTroponinT) and HbA1c level which are associated with endothelial dysfunction.
Revisiting the Cutoff Criteria of Intelligibility in Context Scale–Traditional Chinese
Authors: Kok E. Ching Eugena , To Carol K. S.
Published: July 2019

Background

This study evaluated the validity of the Intelligibility in Context Scale–Traditional Chinese (ICS-TC) and explored its potential as a screening tool for speech sound disorder (SSD) in Cantonese-speaking children in Hong Kong.

Method

The parents of 789 Cantonese-speaking children aged between 2;4 (years;months) and 6;9 completed the ICS-TC. Children were categorized into 2 groups: (a) an SSD group whose initial consonant scores in a standardized assessment were equal to or lower than −1.33
SD
and (b) a non-SSD group whose scores were higher than −1.33
SD
. The screening accuracy of ICS-TC using a previously proposed cutoff was appraised. A cutoff score for each age group was determined when the effect of age on the ICS-TC mean scores was significant and the corresponding screening accuracy was appraised.

Results

When the previously proposed cutoff was applied to the whole sample, sensitivity and specificity were unsatisfactory. Given the significant age effect, new cutoff scores for each age group were estimated. The new cutoff scores only led to remarkably improved screening accuracy for Age Group 4 (4;0–4;5) but little to no improvement for other age groups.

Conclusions

There is limited clinical use of ICS-TC as a screening tool with a single cutoff score for children at different ages. Its clinical utility might be limited to children of about 4 years of age, where ICS-TC scores demonstrated the best differentiation between children with and without speech concerns. Future studies could refine the screening criteria to further minimize the number of false positives.
The XXL Survey
Authors: Sereno Mauro , Ettori Stefano , Eckert Dominique , Giles Paul , Maughan Ben J. , Pacaud Florian , Pierre Marguerite , Valageas Patrick
Published: July 2019

Context.Scaling relations between cluster properties embody the formation and evolution of cosmic structure. Intrinsic scatters and correlations between X-ray properties are determined from merger history, baryonic processes, and dynamical state.

Aims.We look for an unbiased measurement of the scatter covariance matrix among the three main X-ray observable quantities attainable in large X-ray surveys: temperature, luminosity, and gas mass. This also gives us the cluster property with the lowest conditional intrinsic scatter at fixed mass.

Methods.Intrinsic scatters and correlations can be measured under the assumption that the observable properties of the intra-cluster medium hosted in clusters are log-normally distributed around power-law scaling relations. The proposed method is self-consistent, based on minimal assumptions, and requires neither external calibration by weak lensing, or dynamical or hydrostatic masses, nor the knowledge of the mass completeness.

Results.We analysed the 100 brightest clusters detected in the XXL Survey and their X-ray properties measured within a fixed radius of 300 kpc. The gas mass is the less scattered proxy (∼8%). The temperature (∼20%) is intrinsically less scattered than the luminosity (∼30%), but it is measured with a larger observational uncertainty. We found some evidence that gas mass, temperature, and luminosity are positively correlated. Time evolutions are in agreement with the self-similar scenario, but the luminosity–temperature and the gas mass–temperature relations are steeper.

Conclusion.Positive correlations between X-ray properties can be determined by the dynamical state and the merger history of the halos. The slopes of the scaling relations are affected by radiative processes.
Toward a characterization of X-ray galaxy clusters for cosmology
Authors: Käfer Florian , Finoguenov Alexis , Eckert Dominique , Sanders Jeremy S. , Reiprich Thomas H. , Nandra Kirpal
Published: July 2019

Context.In the framework of the hierarchical model the intra-cluster medium properties of galaxy clusters are tightly linked to structure formation, which makes X-ray surveys well suited for cosmological studies. To constrain cosmological parameters accurately by use of galaxy clusters in current and future X-ray surveys, a better understanding of selection effects related to the detection method of clusters is needed.

Aims.We aim at a better understanding of the morphology of galaxy clusters to include corrections between the different core types and covariances with X-ray luminosities in selection functions. In particular, we stress the morphological deviations between a newly described surface brightness profile characterization and a commonly used singleβ-model.

Methods.We investigated a novel approach to describe surface brightness profiles, where the excess cool-core emission in the centers of the galaxy clusters is modeled using wavelet decomposition. Morphological parameters and the residuals were compared to classical singleβ-models, fitted to the overall surface brightness profiles.

Results.Using singleβ-models to describe the ensemble of overall surface brightness profiles leads on average to a non-zero bias (0.032 ± 0.003) in the outer part of the clusters, that is an approximate 3% systematic difference in the surface brightness at large radii. Furthermore,β-models show a general trend toward underestimating the flux in the outskirts for smaller core radii. Fixing theβparameter to 2/3 doubles the bias and increases the residuals from a singleβ-model up to more than 40%. Modeling the core region in the fitting procedure reduces the impact of these two effects significantly. In addition, we find a positive scaling between shape parameters and temperature, as well as a negative correlation of approximately −0.4 between extent and luminosity.

Conclusion.We demonstrate the caveats in modeling galaxy clusters with singleβ-models and recommend using them with caution, especially when the systematics are not taken into account. Our non-parametric analysis of the self-similar scaled emission measure profiles indicates no systematic core-type differences of median profiles in the galaxy cluster outskirts.
Activity time series of old stars from late F to early K
Authors: Meunier N. , Lagrange A.-M.
Published: July 2019

Context. The effect of stellar activity on radial velocity (RV) measurements appears to be a limiting factor in detecting Earth-mass planets in the habitable zone of a star that is similar to the Sun in spectral type and activity level. It is crucial to estimate whether this conclusion remain true for other stars with current correction methods.

Aims. We built realistic time series in radial velocity and chromospheric emission for old main-sequence F6-K4 stars. We studied the effect of the stellar parameters we investigate on exoplanet detectability. The stellar parameters are spectral type, activity level, rotation period, cycle period and amplitude, latitude coverage, and spot constrast, which we chose to be in ranges that are compatible with our current knowledge of stellar activity.

Methods. This very large set of synthetic time series allowed us to study the effect of the parameters on the RV jitter and how the different contributions to the RV are affected in this first analysis of the data set. The RV jitter was used to provide a first-order detection limit for each time series and different temporal samplings.

Results. We find that the coverage in latitude of the activity pattern and the cycle amplitudes have a strong effect on the RV jitter, as has stellar inclination. RV jitter trends with B–V and Log R′HK are similar to observations, but activity cannot be responsible for RV jitter larger than 2–3 m s−1 for very quiet stars: this observed jitter is therefore likely to be due to other causes (instrumental noise or stellar or planetary companions, e.g.). Finally, we show that based on the RV jitter that is associated with each time series and using a simple criterion, a planet with one Earth mass and a period of one to two years probably cannot be detected with current analysis techniques, except for the lower mass stars in our sample, but very many observations would be required. The effect of inclination is critical.

Conclusions. The results are very important in the context of future RV follow-ups of transit detections of such planets. We conclude that a significant improvement of analysis techniques and/or observing strategies must be made to reach such low detection limits.
Yarkovsky effect detection and updated impact hazard assessment for near-Earth asteroid (410777) 2009 FD
Authors: Del Vigna A. , Roa J. , Farnocchia D. , Micheli M. , Tholen D. , Guerra F. , Spoto F. , Valsecchi G. B.
Published: July 2019

Aims. Near-Earth asteroid (410777) 2009 FD is a potentially hazardous asteroid with possible (though unlikely) impacts on Earth at the end of the twenty-second century. The astrometry collected during the 2019 apparition provides information on the trajectory of (410777) by constraining the Yarkovsky effect, which is the main source of uncertainty for future predictions, and improving the impact hazard assessment.

Methods. We included the Yarkovsky effect in the force model and estimated its magnitude from the fit to the optical and radar astrometric data of (410777). We performed the hazard assessment for (410777) over 200 years using two independent approaches: the NEODyS group adopted a generalisation of the Line Of Variations method in a seven-dimensional space, and the JPL team used the Multi-Layer Clustered Sampling technique.

Results. We obtain a 4σ detection of the Yarkovsky effect acting on (410777), which corresponds to a semimajor axis drift of (3.8 ± 0.9) × 10−3 au Myr−1. In the hazard results of both teams, the main impact possibility in 2185 is ruled out and the only remaining one is in 2190, but with a probability lower than 10−8.
Dynamic properties of façade frame scaffoldings
Authors: Bęc Jarosław , Błazik-Borowa Ewa
Published: July 2019

The paper presents data on natural frequencies and damping parameters of scaffoldings. The analyzes were made mainly on the basis of acceleration measurements made on scaffoldings on construction sites. These studies were supplemented by numerical analyzes, which allowed to show changing of the natural frequencies of the scaffoldings as the effect of the structure exploitation. Finally, it was found that the scaffoldings are structures with low natural frequencies ranging from 1.0 Hz to 4.0 Hz and a logarithmic decrement of damping at 0.06 in most cases, however differences can be observed with the values as low as 0.03.
Research of influence of vibration impacts of chimes on the steeples of St. Isaac's Cathedral (Saint Petersburg) after reconstruction thereof
Authors: Smirnova Elena E. , Savin Sergey N. , Larin Denis V.
Published: July 2019

This article gives consideration to the ways of solving a problem of ensuring safety of buildings and structures in use provided their operating conditions have changed. The assessment of possible consequences of bells installation on the steeples of St. Isaac's Cathedral is given as an illustration. The measurements of vibrations with simultaneous assessment of robustness and bearing capability of the brickwork have shown that the vibration impact of chimes of heavy bells can not adversely affect the bearing structures of the bell towers. However, there is always a risk of such adverse affect on the structure of the bell tower and stability of soils at its base. It is offered, therefore, to carry out investigation before the beginning of reconstruction using the structure model, which makes it possible to give consideration to the impact of «new» loads to exclude any possible emergency situation at the objects being reconstructed.
Dynamic tests of composite footbridge segment – experimental and numerical studies
Authors: Wiczenbach Tomasz , Ferenc Tomasz , Pyrzowski Łukasz , Chróścielewski Jacek
Published: July 2019

Experimental dynamic tests and numerical simulations of a 3 meters long segment of a footbridge made of polymer composites are presented in the paper. The span-length is reduced, however dimensions of cross-section are the same as the target footbridge. The segment structure is made of sandwich panels, which consist of fibre reinforced polymer (GFRP) laminates (skins) and a PET foam (core). The first part of the paper contains description and results of experimental dynamic tests, which were subjected to the structure. The excitations during these tests was realised by a group of people standing or jumping on the structure deck. The obtained results allowed to determine natural frequencies as well as damping ratios. Moreover, cyclic loading was applied to the structure deck to check the possibility of delamination or debonding occurrence, as a result of repetitive dynamic excitations. The second part contains validation of numerical model - results of numerical analysis and its comparison with the experimental ones.
On estimation of occupant safety in vehicular crashes into roadside obstacles using non-linear dynamic analysis
Authors: Wilde Krzysztof , Tilsen Arkadiusz , Burzyński Stanisław , Witkowski Wojciech
Published: July 2019

The article describes a comparison of two general methods of occupants safety estimation based on a numerical examples. The so-called direct method is mainly based on the HIC (Head Injury Criterion) of a crash test dummy in a vehicle with passive safety system while the indirect method uses a European standard approach to estimate impact severity level.
Parametric vibrations in mechanical systems on the example of a mining hoist installation
Authors: Wolny Stanisław
Published: July 2019

This study summarises the research efforts undertaken to establish how variable stiffness of shaft steelwork should affect the amplitudes of horizontal displacements of selected components of a conveyance (skip head and skip bottom frame). Most studies investigating the dynamic behaviour of conveyances travelling in the shaft rely on a simplifying assumption whereby the shaft steelwork stiffness is taken to be constant, despite its cyclic variations. This simplification vastly facilitates further dynamic analyses, yet it is necessary to establish which parameters of the shaft steelwork behaviour should be affected, in the context of stiffness in the guiding systems. With regard to parameters of typical hoist installations currently operated in Polish collieries, the study demonstrates that the approach whereby the variable shaft steelwork and its impacts on amplitudes of horizontal displacements of selected components of a conveyance (skip head or bottom frame) should be omitted in the analysis of the hoist dynamics is fully justified and merited in practical applications.
The effects of irregularities and misalignments of the guide strings on stress levels in selected load-bearing elements of a conveyance
Authors: Wolny Stanisław , Drzewosz Agata
Published: July 2019

In order that the ultimate state methods can be applied in dimensioning of the load-bearing elements in a conveyance it is required that their design loads should be determined during their normal duty cycle and under the emergency braking conditions.

This study aims to verify the predicted loading conditions obtained by theoretical analyses through experiments on a real object. Prior to the actual experimental procedure, limited to measurements of stress acting in the loadbearing cables in the conveyance, the system parameters have been identified. Special attention was given to parameters of roller guides and random irregularities of the guiding strings, which give rise to horizontal displacements of the conveyance and generate the conveyance- shaft steelwork interaction forces.
Efficient decomposition of singularly perturbed systems
Authors: Sobolev Vladimir
Published: July 2019

The problem of the decomposition of singularly perturbed differential systems by the method of integral manifolds is studied and the application of the method to the problems of enzyme kinetics is considered.
Anophelesbionomics, insecticide resistance mechanisms, and malaria transmission in the Korhogo area, northern Côte d’Ivoire: a pre-intervention study
Authors: Zogo Barnabas , Soma Dieudonné Diloma , Tchiekoi Bertin N’Cho , Somé Anthony , Ahoua Alou Ludovic P. , Koffi Alphonsine A. , Fournet Florence , Dahounto Amal , Coulibaly Baba , Kandé Souleymane , Dabiré Roch Kounbobr , Baba-Moussa Lamine , Moiroux Nicolas , Pennetier Cédric
Published: July 2019

A better understanding of malaria transmission at a local scale is essential for developing and implementing effective control strategies. In the framework of a randomized controlled trial (RCT), we aimed to provide an updated description of malaria transmission in the Korhogo area, northern Côte d’Ivoire, and to obtain baseline data for the trial. We performed human landing collections (HLCs) in 26 villages in the Korhogo area during the rainy season (September–October 2016, April–May 2017) and the dry season (November–December 2016, February–March 2017). We used PCR techniques to ascertain the species of theAnopheles gambiaecomplex,Plasmodium falciparumsporozoite infection, and insecticide resistance mechanisms in a subset ofAnophelesvectors.Anopheles gambiae s.l.was the predominant malaria vector in the Korhogo area. Overall, more vectors were collected outdoors than indoors (p < 0.001). Of the 774An. gambiae s.l.tested in the laboratory, 89.65% wereAn. gambiae s.s.and 10.35% wereAn. coluzzii. The frequencies of thekdrallele were very high inAn. gambiae s.s.but theace-1allele was found at moderate frequencies. An unprotected individual living in the Korhogo area received an average of 9.04, 0.63, 0.06 and 0.12 infected bites per night in September–October, November–December, February–March, and April–May, respectively. These results demonstrate that the intensity of malaria transmission is extremely high in the Korhogo area, especially during the rainy season. Malaria control in highly endemic areas such as Korhogo needs to be strengthened with complementary tools in order to reduce the burden of the disease.
Iron-Catalyzed Direct Transformation of Benzylic Amines into Carbonyl Compounds in Water
Authors: Minakawa Maki , Sasaki Takashi
Published: July 2019

Fe-catalyzed direct transformation of benzylic amines into carbonyl compounds was performed in H2O. The reaction of benzylic amines with formaldehyde in the presence of FeCl3·6H2O in H2O afforded the corresponding carbonyl compounds (80 °C to reflux conditions; 14 examples, up to 94% yield). O18-labeling experiments indicated that the O atom in the generated carbonyl is derived from H2O.
The Pathogenesis of Glenohumeral Deformity and Contracture Formation in Obstetric Brachial Plexus Palsy—A Review
Authors: Olofsson Pontus N. , Chu Alice , McGrath Aleksandra M.
Published: July 2019

Contractures of the shoulder joint and glenohumeral joint dysplasia are well known complications to obstetrical brachial plexus palsy. Despite extensive description of these sequelae, the exact pathogenesis remains unknown. The prevailing theory to explain the contractures and glenohumeral joint dysplasia states that upper trunk injury leads to nonuniform muscle recovery and thus imbalance between internal and external rotators of the shoulder. More recently, another explanation has been proposed, hypothesizing that denervation leads to reduced growth of developing muscles and that reinnervation might suppress contracture formation. An understanding of the pathogenesis is desirable for development of effective prophylactic treatment. This article aims to describe the current state of knowledge regarding these important complications.
Temporal Vascular Changes in Leg with Ulcer Due to Autonomic Neuropathy
Authors: Ener Behçet K. , Uçankale Handan , Sürmeli Reyhan
Published: July 2019

Background Vascular dysfunction dominates the clinical picture of peripheral autonomic neuropathy in lower extremity.

Patients and Methods We have studied functional changes of leg vasculature in 30 patients with chronic ulceration due to peripheral autonomic neuropathy between clinical stages 1 and 3. They suffered from lower extremity wounds. After sympathetic skin response test, pedal arterial blood flow analysis including peak systolic velocity (PSV) and pulsatility index (PI) was made by duplex ultrasonography (DUS) in involved legs. Vascular anatomy of leg was also examined by magnetic resonance angiography.

Results The mean PSV value was found 58.32 cm/s in stage 1, 35.31 cm/s in stage 2, and 15.71 cm/s in stage 3. The mean PI value was observed 1.17 in stage 1, 1.43 in stage 2, and 1.87 in stage 3. In chronic stage 3, three patients had inadequate arterial blood supply and recurrent ulcer.

Conclusions We suggest that reduced sympathetic activity due to small fiber neuropathy causes temporal variations in leg blood flow. There was a nonlinear relationship between vascular functional changes and stages of disease with increased, intermediate, and decreased blood flow, respectively. DUS assessment of pedal arteries contributed to differentiation of clinical stages and permitted vascular evaluation in the course of peripheral autonomic neuropathy.
Status of Cardiac Surgical Intensive Care Medicine in Germany in 2018: A Report on Behalf of the German Society for Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery
Authors: Markewitz Andreas , Lewandowski Jana , Trummer Georg , Beckmann Andreas
Published: July 2019

Background This report summarizes the results of a voluntary survey designed to assess the current situation of cardiac surgical intensive care medicine in Germany in 2018.

Methods A standardized questionnaire concerning detailed information about structural characteristics of cardiac surgical intensive care units (ICUs) was sent to all German departments performing cardiac surgery.

Results Response rate was 93% (n = 75/81). Compared with previous surveys since 1998, the median number of intensive care beds for patients after cardiac surgery increased from 15 in 2013 to 16 in 2018. The proportion of cardiac surgical ICUs decreased to 51% with a simultaneous increase of interdisciplinary ICUs. The proportion of cardiac surgeons acting as director of an ICU increased to 43%. The physicians' teams were mostly interdisciplinary (57%). More than half of the directors were board-certified intensivists (62%) with a peak of 100% in ICUs run by cardiac surgeons. Human resources development in the ICU showed similar trends with an increase of physicians and nurses. More than half of all ICUs (61%) and the vast majority of cardiac surgical ICUs (82%) offer an accredited training program for intensive care medicine.

Conclusion The results of this survey corroborate once again that intensive care medicine represents a substantial and important part of cardiac surgery. However, efforts are necessary to keep this attitude alive for the future.
3.6.17 Organometallic Gold Catalysis in Combination with Enzyme, Organo-, or Transition-Metal Catalysis
Authors: Celik I. , Hummel S. , Kirsch S. F.
Published: July 2019

This chapter presents a summary of reactions where homogeneous catalysis with gold complexes is combined with other modes of catalysis. It focuses on new synthetic developments in the field of gold catalysis through the merger of gold and organocatalysis. In this context, examples with enzyme catalysis, aminocatalysis, and Brønsted acid catalysis are described, amongst others. Another focus is put on synthetic methods with a new reactivity that is only made possible when gold species are employed in the presence of other transition-metal-based catalysts. The review covers reactions reported until 2018.
Shock wave release behavior of a pulsed positive streamer discharge in water
Authors: Wen Xiaoqiong , Xue Xiaodong
Published: July 2019

We performed experimental observations to distinguish an individual shock front released by a pulsed positive streamer discharge in water. The step length between two adjacent shock wave events was measured and its dependence on water conductivity and applied voltage was investigated. We found that the step length between two adjacent shock wave events is ∼160 μm, independent of both water conductivity and applied voltage, within the range studied. Based on the bubble theory of electrical discharge in liquid, we concluded that the individual shock front is released by the electrical breakdown of a gaseous micro-segment near the head of a streamer filament in water. After launching a shock wave, the filament head pauses and waits for another gaseous micro-segment to form in front of it.
The role of forage management in addressing challenges facing Australasian dairy farming
Authors: Cranston Lydia M. , Pembleton Keith G. , Burkitt Lucy L. , Curtis Andrew , Donaghy Daniel J. , Gourley Cameron J. P. , Harrington Kerry C. , Hills James L. , Pembleton Luke W. , Rawnsley Richard P.
Published: July 2019

Forage management underpins the viability of pastoral dairy systems. This review investigated recent developments in forage research and their potential to enable pastoral dairy systems to meet the challenges that will be faced over the next 10 years. Grazing management, complementary forages, pasture diversity, fertiliser use, chemical restriction, irrigation management and pasture breeding are considered. None of these areas of research are looking to increase production directly through increased inputs, but, rather, they aim to lift maximum potential production, defend against production decline or improve the efficiency of the resource base and inputs. Technology approaches consistently focus on improving efficiency, while genetic improvement or the use of complementary forages and species diversity aim to lift production. These approaches do not require additional labour to implement, but many will require an increase in skill level. Only a few areas will help address animal welfare (e.g. the use of selected complementary forages and novel endophytes) and only complementary forages will help address increased competition from non-dairy alternatives, by positively influencing the properties of milk. Overall, the diversity of activity and potential effects will provide managers of pastoral dairy systems with the best tools to respond to the production and environmental challenges they face over the next 10 years.
CRISPR-Cas9–mediated gene knockout in intestinal tumor organoids provides functional validation for colorectal cancer driver genes
Authors: Takeda Haruna , Kataoka Shiho , Nakayama Mizuho , Ali Mohamed A. E. , Oshima Hiroko , Yamamoto Daisuke , Park Jun-Won , Takegami Yujiro , An Tadaichi , Jenkins Nancy A. , Copeland Neal G. , Oshima Masanobu
Published: July 2019

Significance

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Genome sequencing studies have provided comprehensive CRC genomic datasets; however, functional validation for most candidate CRC driver genes has not been performed. Here, we describe a platform for functionally validating CRC driver genes that utilizes CRISPR-Cas9 in mouse intestinal tumor organoids and human CRC-derived organoids. These studies showed
Acvr1b
,
Acvr2a
, and
Arid2
could function as tumor suppressors in CRC. We also show that co-occurrent mutations in receptors for activin and transforming growth factor-β synergistically promote tumorigenesis, and shed light on the role of activin receptors. This experimental system can also be applied to organoids derived from other organs, which could further contribute to identification of novel cancer driver genes.
How the Chinese language encourages the paradigm shift toward discourse in linguistics
Authors: Erbaugh Mary S.
Published: July 2019

The Chinese language has encouraged the paradigm shift in linguistics away from Chomsky-style sentence-internal rules toward usage-based discourse. Analysts have debated two possibilities: is Chinese an allegedly ‘inferior’ and ambiguous language because it rests on the ‘three zeros’: zero subjects, zero anaphora, and zero tense? Or does Chinese use ‘hidden complexity’ (Bisang 2009) to make reference clear by discourse marking? Chinese pressure points on linguistic theory center on these ‘three zeros’. Zero subjects have influenced a broader research category of topic-centered languages. Zero anaphora influenced reference tracking beyond the sentence. Zero tense expanded understanding of time and aspect. The process of the shift comes from international networks of multilingual scholars of Chinese. They have collaborated to form a critical mass of explicitly comparative, empirical research. Chinese interdisciplinary research has been especially influential in typology, child language, cross-cultural communications, translation and artificial intelligence. Fifty years ago, mainstream conferences, textbooks, books, and journals almost never featured Chinese. Now they routinely do.