bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Training of modern specialists based on V.I. Vernadsky’s ideas of noosphere education
Authors: Gorbunova Natalia , Osadchaia Irina , Ignatova Olga
Published: December 2020

The article is devoted to the study of topical problems of noosphere education and noosphere pedagogy on the analysis of the development of the modern higher education system in the Russian Federation. An analysis of the reflection of the main noosphere ideas in modern education is presented. Theoretical provisions on creativity as a feature of noospheric pedagogy (corresponding to the spirit of time and the challenges of the modern globalized world) are revealed. The article reveals the importance of future educators forming humanistic-oriented personality qualities based on the implementation of new approaches to education, consistent with the natural laws of the universe, not violating the biorhythms of living systems, but taking into account the capabilities of the psyche, human nature, its age characteristics, individual pace of development. The main task of pedagogical education from the point of view of the noosphere concept is determined - the formation in a person of a holistic noosphere consciousness (holistic thinking, an ethical bioadaptable method of behavior and an ecological worldview).
Formation of future teachers’ digital competencies in the process of online lectures
Authors: Lobachova Natalia , Koykova Elzara , Buzni Viktoria
Published: December 2020

The article deals with the emotional intelligence concept as a structure-forming component of the future teacher’s psychological culture. The research substantiates the need to develop this personal quality in future teachers, as well as its importance for successful professional activity. The article analyses the structural components of emotional intelligence in future teachers’ personal sphere. The research provides empirical material for the primary cross-section of emotional intelligence diagnostics in the future teachers’ personality structure.
Conditions for the realization of the idea of future teachers’ lifelong learning
Authors: Ignatyeva E.V. , Kozlova T.A. , Ryabkova Yu.V.
Published: December 2020

Introduction: This article discusses the problem of the realization of the idea of future teachers` lifelong education in modern sociocultural space.Methods: The research methodology includes hermeneutic, systemic, comparative methods.Results: The idea of lifelong education will be successfully realized subject to a number of conditions: orientation to the philosophical training of future teachers, the quest for a dialogue of cultures, a harmonious coexistence of confessions, the formation of information culture and successful informational socialization of the younger generation.Conclusion: The formation of a lifelong education system is an adequate response to a society of changes. The mission of modern education is to train teachers capable of realizing this idea. Compliance with the conditions analyzed in this article will allow the harmonious introduction of lifelong learning into the people’s everyday life.
Methodical system of future primary school teachers’ research skills development
Authors: Kot T.A. , Zotova I.V. , Bogoslova E.G.
Published: December 2020

The article deals with the problem of future primary school teachers’ research skills development. The relevance of the studied problem is justified by the need to form the research skills of future primary school teachers, which is one of the requirements of their professional training in higher education formulated in the Federal state educational standard (FSES) and the Professional standard of the teacher-teacher of primary school education. The aim of the article was to develop a methodical system of future primary school teachers’ research skills development in higher education, as well as process description of its experimental implementation in the educational process of the University. The research methodology includes such methods as pedagogical experiment, diagnostics, approbation, analysis, generalization. In the course of the research the following theoretical results were achieved: the purpose, objectives, components of the methodological system of development, the qualitative result of its implementation, indicated technological support of the process of future educators’ research skills development. The results of the study allowed justifying the effectiveness of the developed system of future primary school teachers’ research skills development, its theoretical and practical value. The developed methodical system, due to the validity of its effectiveness, can be used in the practice of pedagogical universities in the process of future teachers’ readiness to carry out research activities.
Psychological and pedagogical bases of preparation for school in preschool institutions
Authors: Masaeva Z.V. , Abakumova I.V. , Kagermazova L.Ts.
Published: December 2020

In the modern world, there is a trend towards the demand for preparing children for school from preschool age. There are many different points of view of scientists on determining indicators of school readiness, as well as considering the understanding of school preparation from the point of view of psychological and pedagogical features. In this paper, an attempt is made to generalize existing theories of understanding school preparation, as well as an experimental study of the preparation of children in kindergarten. This issue is revealed through a developing and traditional approach. In the theoretical aspect, these approaches are disclosed and the advantages and disadvantages of the developmental and traditional approaches in preparing preschool children for school are empirically verified. The study revealed that the traditional approach does not consider personal readiness in comparison with the developmental approach. Children who studied using the traditional approach showed low results in terms of seeking help, disclosure of creative opportunities with friends, empathic feelings, control of aggression, etc. In General, summarizing the results, we can say that the traditional and developmental approaches ensure readiness for school. It should be emphasized in the context of comparative analysis that the developmental approach shows high results in comparison with the traditional approach to preparing children for school.
Research on ethnocultural identity in H. Tajfel’s social identity theory and J.C. Turner’s self-categorization theory
Authors: Zakiryanova Irina , Redkina Lyudmila
Published: December 2020

The article is devoted to the analysis of the phenomenon of ethnocultural identity from the point of view of representatives of the cognitive approach. Ethno-cultural identity is represented as a hierarchy of models that includes social and individual characteristics, Self-images. Categorization and social comparison are recognized as the main mechanisms for the formation of ethno-cultural identity in this area. In the article special attention is paid to the personal factor, namely, personal autonomy and individual peculiarities of the personality development.
On the psychological component in the preparation of a future musician teacher
Authors: Garipova Natalya
Published: December 2020

The article reveals the pragmatic aspect of the psychological training of future music teachers and reveals its specificity. This specificity lies in the fact that knowledge and skills from the field of psychology in the professional activity of a music teacher should ensure the comprehension of the emotional-figurative content of a musical work, and not familiarization with it as an object of study, as it happens in the development of other educational disciplines. The role of psychological knowledge for solving many other tasks solved in the process of musical education, carried out both in collective and individual forms, is also indicated. At the same time, two ways of forming psychological competencies are indicated – explicit, associated with the module of psychological disciplines, and implicit, which consists in the fact that psychological knowledge penetrates into the depths of performing and musical-theoretical training, providing an understanding of the mechanisms of perception, performance of music and mastering the algorithms of the teacher’s work on creation of conditions for its adequate artistic perception, which is the comprehension of musical meaning. In the study of the problem of the mechanisms of the emotional impact of music and the emergence of non-auditory sensations and perceptions are considered; the importance of mastering this (essentially psychological) information for the future musician teacher is shown. The proposed way of improvement the psychological training of a teacher-musician provides a solution to a dual task – improvement his personal qualities (which is facilitated by the perception of high music) and improvement his professional skill in organizing the process of musical perception of learners. This is able to ensure the birth of deep feelings in them.
Ways to form a teacher’s professionalism
Authors: Burlakova Irina , Bogatyreva Svetlana , Pavlova Oksana
Published: December 2020

The role of the teacher at the present stage is transformed into a high mission of creating a professional personality, which is intended to instill in students readiness to acquire knowledge and improve professional skills throughout their lives. According to the authors, the goal of pedagogical education is continuous general and professional development of a university teacher to achieve high results in the practical professional activity. In general, the professional competence of a University teacher is a synthesis of professionalism (scientific, special, methodological, psychological and pedagogical training), creativity (creativity of relationships, the optimal use of tools, techniques, teaching methods) and art (acting and public speaking). And today it becomes obvious that it is impossible to “add up” a competent professional from a simple sum of knowledge, because in addition, a University teacher should have a great sense of moral responsibility when teaching the modern generation of students.
Game technologies as a tool of motivation and improvement the quality of university students’ training
Authors: Mazanyuk E.F. , Tretyakov A.L. , Amichba L.R.
Published: December 2020

The article discusses and describes in detail the specifics of equipping the system of higher professional education with tools of modern pedagogical technologies – game technologies that have a significant impact on the quality of professional training of future specialists and their motivation to obtain general and special competencies. The most relevant game technologies are considered separately. and their effectiveness (or inefficiency) is confirmed by means of a survey of leading teachers of the Crimea who actively use game technologies in their teaching practice. In addition. a significant segment of the study is devoted to reviewing and comparing the experience of predecessors in this matter. The role of various pedagogical approaches in the system of higher professional education is identified and updated. and their separate elements. especially significant for research. are highlighted. The author compares the opinions of various scientists (both practitioners and theoretical researchers) who address the study of the system of modern pedagogical technologies in general and game technologies in particular. on the basis of which a comprehensive conclusion is made. which is reflected in the final part of the article. A special place in the structure of the study is occupied by the selected key method – a questionnaire based on data provided by more than 100 teachers of higher and secondary professional education. This method is one of the most effective and promising methods of scientific-analytical and reflexive research. which is especially important in the framework of pedagogical science.
Multimedia technologies in humanitarian training of a teacher musician
Authors: Zhuravleva Olga , Veselova Olena
Published: December 2020

An active transition to distance learning requires a teacher of a modern higher school to develop new methods in organizing and supporting the educational process. The proposed research examines the basic principles of a musician-teacher’s training on the example of generalizing one’s own experience of introducing multimedia technologies in teaching musical and historical disciplines and creating an electronic textbook on “History of music (foreign and domestic)” for a bachelor’s degree in specialty 44.03.01 (Pedagogy. Music).
Effective principles in the foreign language education
Authors: Kabanov Alexander , Savelyeva Nelly , Nevraeva Natalie , Vlasova Natalia , Pyrkova Tamara , Popova Elvira
Published: December 2020

In modern reality, when economic, trade, scientific and cultural ties are rapidly developing in the world, exchanges are being carried out in the scientific and technical fields, knowledge of a foreign language becomes a priority for specialists of almost all levels. The very concept of a “foreign language” is increasingly being replaced by a “language of communication” in various fields of culture, science and technology. There are many different languages in the world, and even more dialects. But the trends are such that for most people knowledge of one common language is enough. And this language does not have to be native to the interlocutors. A common language is able to unite different peoples and cultures, even absolutely opposite, into one common cause. In addition to strengthening cultural ties, the language brings together experts in science and technology. At the same time, the authors acknowledge, the lack of research in modern pedagogical science devoted to identifying the potential of information and communication technologies in the process of professional foreign language training of future specialists that meet the requirements of the Russian state and society, imposed on modern specialists of different profiles, reflected in national and international documents.
Multicenter, Observational Study of Lanreotide Autogel for the Treatment of Patients with Acromegaly in Routine Clinical Practice in Germany, Austria and Switzerland
Authors: Störmann Sylvère , Schopohl Jochen , Bullmann Catharina , Terkamp Christoph , Christ-Crain Mirjam , Finke Reinhard , Flitsch Jörg , Kreitschmann-Andermahr Ilonka , Luger Anton , Stalla Günter , Houchard Aude , Helbig Dorit , Petersenn Stephan
Published: December 2020

Background Evidence from controlled trials has shown that lanreotide autogel is effective in achieving biochemical and symptom control in patients with acromegaly. However, it is important to better understand the real-world patient population receiving lanreotide autogel treatment.

Methods In this non-interventional study the long-term treatment response to lanreotide autogel in adult patients with acromegaly from office-based centers or clinics in Germany, Austria and Switzerland was studied. Assessments included growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-I levels, symptoms, quality of life, lanreotide plasma levels and tumor somatostatin receptor subtype expression. The primary endpoint was achievement of full biochemical control, defined as growth hormone ≤2.5 µg/L and insulin-like growth factor I normalization at month 12.

Results 76 patients were enrolled from 21 sites. 7/51 (13.7%) patients of the efficacy population had full biochemical control at baseline, 15/33 (45.5%) at month 12 and 10/26 (38.5%) at month 24 of treatment. At 12 months of treatment higher rates of biochemical control were observed in the following subgroups: older patients (>53 years [median]), females, treatment-naïve patients, and patients with a time since diagnosis of longer than 1.4 years (median). No clinically relevant differences in acromegaly symptoms or quality of life scores were observed. Median fasting blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin levels remained unchanged throughout the study. No new safety signals were observed. Overall tolerability of treatment with lanreotide autogel was judged by 80.8% of the enrolled patients at month 12 as ‘very good’ or ‘good’.

Conclusion Treatment with lanreotide autogel in a real-world setting showed long-term effectiveness and good tolerability in patients with acromegaly.
Point Shear Wave Elastography and the Effect of Physical Exercise, Alcohol Consumption, and Respiration in Healthy Adults
Authors: Taraldsen Victoria , Tomasgard Sunneva , Rudlang Margrethe Thune , Gilja Odd Helge , Vesterhus Mette , Mjelle Anders Batman
Published: December 2020

Purpose Ultrasound elastography is a noninvasive method for liver stiffness measurement (LSM) with the aim of reflecting approximate liver fibrosis load. Despite minimal evidence, current guidelines recommend 10 min of rest and breath hold prior to measurements and offer no advice concerning recent alcohol consumption, leading to challenges in clinical practice. We aimed to investigate how LSM in healthy adults is influenced by physical exercise, recent alcohol consumption, and respiration.

Materials and Methods 42 healthy subjects aged 21–36 years were included. LSM using point shear wave elastography (pSWE) was performed in five stages: baseline, after physical activity, after registration of alcohol consumption, and during breath hold compared to free breathing.

Results LSM values were significantly increased following physical exercise compared to baseline values (4.1±0.8 vs. 3.8±0.8 kPa, p=0.01). Alcohol consumption during the last 72 h (0–27 alcohol units) did not significantly affect LSM. There was no significant difference between LSM during breath hold and free breathing.

Conclusion In healthy subjects, LSM increased after recent physical exercise, while alcohol consumption 24–72 h prior to examination did not have a significant impact. There was no clinically significant effect of breath hold on LSM. Our study supports present guidelines recommending rest prior to LSM, while indicating that breath hold may not be mandatory. Recent moderate alcohol exposure may affect LSM to a lesser extent than commonly believed.
The Colon Endoscopic Bubble Scale (CEBuS): a two-phase evaluation study
Authors: Taveira Filipe , Hassan Cesare , Kaminski Michal F. , Ponchon Thierry , Benamouzig Robert , Bugajski Marek , de Castelbajac Flore , Cesaro Paola , Chergui Hasnae , Goran Loredana , Minelli Grazioli Leonardo , Janičko Martin , Januszewicz Wladyslaw , Lamonaca Laura , Lenz Jamila , Negreanu Lucian , Repici Alessandro , Spada Cristiano , Spadaccini Marco , State Monica , Szlak Jakub , Veseliny Eduard , Dinis-Ribeiro Mário , Areia Miguel
Published: December 2020

Background To date, no scale has been validated to assess bubbles associated with bowel preparation. This study aimed to develop and assess the reliability of a novel scale – the Colon Endoscopic Bubble Scale (CEBuS).

Methods This was a multicenter, prospective, observational study with two online evaluation phases of 45 randomly distributed still colonoscopy images (15 per scale grade). Observers assessed images twice, 2 weeks apart, using CEBuS (CEBuS-0 – no or minimal bubbles, covering < 5 % of the surface; CEBuS-1 – bubbles covering 5 %–50 %; CEBuS-2 – bubbles covering > 50 %) and reporting the clinical action (do nothing; wash with water; wash with simethicone).

Results CEBuS provided high levels of agreement both in evaluation Phase 1 (4 experts) and Phase 2 (6 experts and 13 non-experts), with almost perfect intraobserver reliability: kappa 0.82 (95 % confidence interval 0.75–0.88) and 0.86 (0.85–0.88); interobserver agreement – intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) 0.83 (0.73–0.89) and 0.90 (0.86–0.94). Previous endoscopic experience had no influence on agreement among experts vs. non-experts: kappa 0.86 (0.80–0.91) vs. 0.87 (0.84–0.89) and ICC 0.91 (0.87–0.94) vs. 0.90 (0.86–0.94), respectively. Interobserver agreement on clinical action was ICC 0.63 (0.43–0.78) in Phase 1 and 0.77 (0.68–0.84) in Phase 2. Absolute agreement on clinical action per scale grade was 85 % (82–88) for CEBuS-0, 21 % (16–26) for CEBuS-1, and 74 % (70–78) for CEBuS-2.

Conclusion CEBuS proved to be a reliable instrument to standardize the evaluation of colonic bubbles during colonoscopy. Assessment in daily practice is warranted.
Interobserver reliability of methods to determine complete resection of adenomas in colonoscopy
Authors: Park Erica , Barge William , Kramer Jason , Alajati Bana , Jakate Shriram , Cimbaluk David , Giusto Deborah , Ritz Ethan , Bishehsari Faraz , Lee Saline , Singh Shubha , Losurdo John , Brown Michael , DeMeo Mark , Abraham Rana , Ma Karen , Melson Joshua
Published: December 2020

Background Forceps margin biopsy and polypectomy specimen margins have both been used to assess for polypectomy resection adequacy. The interobserver reliability of the two methods has not been well described.

Methods The interpretability of polypectomy specimens for presence of residual neoplasia at the margin was assessed by two blinded pathologists. Next, the concordance of forceps margin biopsy interpretations between three blinded pathologists was evaluated by calculation of interobserver κ.

Results Rates of polypectomy specimen margin interpretability were low: 24/92 (26 %) for pathologist A, 28/92 (30.4 %) for pathologist B. Concordance of forceps margin biopsy interpretations (n = 129) between pathologists was high. Two internal pathologists showed substantial agreement in margin biopsy interpretations (κ 0.779; 95 %CL 0.543, 0.912). The concordance remained strong after biopsies were reviewed by a third, external pathologist (κ 0.829; 95 %CL 0.658, 0.924). There was complete agreement on 123/129 (95.3 %) between all three pathologists for presence of neoplasia.

Conclusion The majority of polypectomy specimen margins were uninterpretable by pathologists for presence of residual neoplasia. Forceps margin biopsy shows strong interobserver reliability in adenomatous lesions.
Mild and Efficient Copper-Catalyzed Synthesis of Trisubstituted Pyrroles
Authors: Hsu Ming-Hua , Kapoor Mohit , Pradhan Tapan Kumar , Tse Man-Him , Chen Hsin-Ya , Yan Man-Jun , Cheng Yu-Tsen , Lin Yu-Cheng , Hsieh Cheng-Ying , Liu Ker-Yin , Han Chien-Chung
Published: December 2020

A sustainable and time economic approach has been developed for the synthesis of polysubstituted pyrroles using copper iodide as a catalyst. The reaction proceeded through imine formation followed by cyclization with alkyne-Cu intermediate, which was supported by control experiments studies. The newly formed substituted pyrroles were obtained in excellent yields with high regioselectivity under mild conditions.
Periodontal Disease as a Predictor of Undiagnosed Diabetes or Prediabetes in Dental Patients
Authors: Heji Esraa S. , Bukhari Abdullah A. , Bahammam Manal A. , Homeida Lujain A. , Aboalshamat Khalid T. , Aldahlawi Salwa A.
Published: December 2020

Objectives The study investigates whether periodontal parameters can identify subjects with undiagnosed diabetes mellitus (DM) or pre-DM in patients seeking dental treatment at a university dental hospital.

Materials and Methods Adults older than 35 years, not being diagnosed with DM before and have at least one of the risk factors of DM were included in the study. All subjects received a complete periodontal examination, filled a medical history survey, and a fasting blood glucose measurement was obtained. A multiple logistic regression test using a backward elimination method to assess factors that predict if the participant is healthy, prediabetic or diabetic was done. A p-value of <0.05 was considered significant.

Results A total of 61 subjects were enrolled with an average age of 42.9 ± 9.4 years. Having a family member diagnosed with DM was reported by 64.5% of the subjects; 59% were diagnosed with advanced periodontal disease. The final logistic regression model included smoking, hypertension, family history of DM, and percentage of clinical attachment loss >3 mm was statistically significant (P < 0.001). The model explained 47.7% of the diabetes condition and correctly classified 69.4% of cases. Participants with a family history of diabetes are 4.98 times more likely to exhibit prediabetic or diabetic status. Each unit increase in the percentage of clinical attachment loss increases the likelihood of participant to be prediabetic or diabetic by 1.104 times.

Conclusion Dental patients presenting with severe clinical attachment loss and family history of DM have increased likelihood of undiagnosed DM or pre-DM and would benefit from screening at the dental office.
The Response of the Tongue Epithelial on Cigarette Smoke Exposure as a Risk Factor for Oral Cancer Development
Authors: Prasetyaningtyas Neken , Jatiatmaja Nabilah Azzahra , Radithia Desiana , Hendarti Hening Tuti , Parmadiati Adiastuti Endah , Hadi Priyo , Mahdani Fatma Yasmin , Ernawati Diah Savitri , Zain Rosnah binti , Ayuningtyas Nurina Febriyanti
Published: December 2020

Objective The aim of this study is to analyze the tongue epithelial response to cigarette smoke exposure on a number of macrophages, lymphocytes, plasma cells, and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) expression to determine the risk factor of oral cancer development.

Materials and Methods Thirty Rattus norvegicus will be exposed to two kinds of cigarette smoke by a smoking pump for 4 and 8 weeks. The tongues were collected to analyze the number of macrophages, lymphocytes, and plasma cells with hematoxylin-eosin. The MMP-9 expression was similarly analyzed with immunohistochemical staining and then compared with the control group.

Results The number of macrophages, lymphocytes, and MMP-9 expression was higher in the 8-week cigarette smoke exposure compared to the 4-week cigarette smoke exposure and the control group (p < 0.000). The number of plasma cell did not differ in the 8-week cigarette smoke exposure from that of the control group (p > 0.05). The number of plasma cells in the tongue tissue during the 4-week cigarette smoke exposure was not determined.

Conclusion Cigarette smoke exposure induces the risk of oral cancer development as a result of an increase in the number of macrophages, lymphocytes, and MMP-9 expression in the tongue epithelial.
Public’s Perception and Satisfaction on the Health Care System in Sultanate of Oman: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Al-Kalbani Humaid , Al-Saadi Tariq , Al-Kumzari Ahmed , Al-Bahrani Hassan
Published: December 2020

Objective There are no “gold standard” parameters to measure patient satisfaction regarding the health care system provided by the government. Most of the developed countries have well-structured health care systems, and they depend on patient satisfaction to evaluate and optimize performance and activities of such systems. The study was conducted to evaluate the Omani population’s satisfaction toward public and private health care systems existing in the country.

Materials and Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted with a predesigned and pretested questionnaire that was sent to all regions of the Sultanate of Oman via an electronic link. The questionnaire included 22 questions divided into two sections: (1) public and private health care systems in Oman, and (2) abroad treatments.

Results The response rate of the 11 Oman’s governorates was 73.9%. There was an association between gender, age, marital status, and the level of education with the preference for local private hospital’s treatment (p < 0.001). Both males (88.1%) and females (83.9%) preferred to be treated by Omani doctors. The association between gender and the preference to be treated by the Omani doctors was statistically significant (p = 0.016). There was a significant relationship between the overall patient satisfaction regarding the treatment that they received and all of the following parameters: well-trained nurses, competency of doctors, professional behavior, and skill level of the staff. On the other hand, 88% of the participants were unhappy about appointment waiting times to be seen in the tertiary-care hospital.

Conclusion The study showed that most of the participants have preferred to be treated by Omani physicians and nurses, however, hospitals need to make operational and working changes in order to decrease the appointment waiting time, as this was found to be one of the most common reasons for population dissatisfaction.
Upgraded CT imaging sees the inner structures of dense materials with micron level resolution
Authors: Bandari Anashe
Published: December 2020

By improving the photon brightness in X-ray sources, the technique demonstrated resolution down to 16 micrometers with the potential for even finer resolution.
Multivariate group entropies, super-exponentially growing complex systems, and functional equations
Authors: Tempesta Piergiulio
Published: December 2020

We define the class of multivariate group entropies as a novel set of information-theoretical measures, which extends significantly the family of group entropies. We propose new examples related to the “super-exponential” universality class of complex systems; in particular, we introduce a general entropy, representing a suitable information measure for this class. We also show that the group-theoretical structure associated with our multivariate entropies can be used to define a large family of exactly solvable discrete dynamical models. The natural mathematical framework allowing us to formulate this correspondence is offered by the theory of formal groups and rings.
Enhanced direct-drive implosion performance on NIF with wavelength separation
Authors: Zylstra A. B. , Yeamans C. , Le Pape S. , MacKinnon A. , Hohenberger M. , Fittinghoff D. N. , Herrmann H. , Kim Y. , Radha P. B. , McKenty P. W. , Craxton R. S. , Hoppe M.
Published: December 2020

Cross-beam energy transfer (CBET) can significantly affect the energy coupling and symmetry of direct-drive implosions. We report on a series of direct-drive shots with 2.1 mm outer diameter capsules conducted on NIF for diagnostic development and calibration in which the wavelength separation (Δλ) between the inner and outer cone beams was varied. We observe a strong improvement in performance as Δλ is applied, with the nuclear yield increasing by up to a factor of 4×. Other data including the nuclear bang time and implosion symmetry suggest that increasing Δλ suppresses CBET and improves both the energy coupling and drive symmetry. These results provide a strong and important benchmark for CBET models applicable to direct-drive ignition designs.
Formation of ultra-thin Ge1−xSnx/Ge1−x−ySixSny quantum heterostructures and their electrical properties for realizing resonant tunneling diode
Authors: Suwito Galih Ramadana , Fukuda Masahiro , Suprayoga Edi , Ohtsuka Masahiro , Hasdeo Eddwi Hesky , Nugraha Ahmad Ridwan Tresna , Sakashita Mitsuo , Shibayama Shigehisa , Nakatsuka Osamu
Published: December 2020

Huge thermal noise owing to the narrow energy bandgap is one of the critical issues for group IV-based photonics in the mid-infrared regime. With this motivation, we examined to form Ge1−xSnx/Ge1−x−ySixSny quantum heterostructures (QHs) by molecular beam epitaxy for realizing resonant tunneling diodes composed of group-IV materials. We confirmed the formation of approximately 2 nm-thick Ge1−xSnx/Ge1−x−ySixSny QHs with atomically flat interfaces by x-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy methods. Moreover, by the current density–voltage (J–V) measurement at 10 K, we observed the occurrence of a non-linear distinct hump in the J–V characteristic, which is possibly originated from quantum transport of heavy holes. According to the tunneling transmission spectra simulation result, the hump property would be due to two possible scenarios: a resonant tunneling of heavy holes in the QH and/or a resonance phenomenon that heavy holes pass just above a potential barrier.
Genetically optimized dual-wavelength all-dielectric metasurface based on double-layer epsilon-near-zero indium-tin-oxide films
Authors: Sabri Raana , Forouzmand Ali , Mosallaei Hossein
Published: December 2020

Following the pioneering works on electrically tunable conducting oxide-based reflectarray metasurfaces, it has been shown that maximum phase modulation can be realized at a wavelength, where the transition from over- to under-coupling regimes coincides with the epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) phenomenon inside the indium-tin-oxide (ITO) active layer. However, the ENZ transition is restricted to a narrow bandwidth in the near-infrared regime, which limits the maximal achievable phase span at the wavelengths exterior to this bandwidth. Here, we present the realization of a dual wavelength all-dielectric metasurface with a large wavelength-contrast ratio between the operating channels, which is integrated by double-layer ITO films. The doping densities inside the ITO films are judiciously controlled to facilitate the ENZ-crossing of the relative permittivities at the corresponding working wavelengths. The all-dielectric metasurface is comprised of the arrays of cross-shaped holes made inside a high-index silicon slab supporting two resonances that are 300 nm apart. Numerical analysis of the near-field resonant modes reveals the excitation of guided-mode and magnetic dipole resonances, which strongly overlap with ITO active layers. Leveraging from the double-ENZ effect, considerable phase modulations of almost 220° and 240° are attained with a single metasurface platform at the wavelengths of λ1=1200 nm and λ2=1500 nm under the bias voltage application. The design parameters including the geometrical sizes and plasma frequencies of the differently doped ITO layers are carefully optimized by multi-objective genetic algorithm. The proposed metasurface illustrates a great promise in tunable beam splitting of the reflected light and dynamic conversion of the polarization states.
A transmission electron microscopy study of dislocation propagation and filtering in highly mismatched GaSb/GaAs heteroepitaxy
Authors: Addamane S. J. , Shima D. M. , Mansoori A. , Balakrishnan G.
Published: December 2020

Monolithic integration of lattice-mismatched semiconductor materials opens up access to a wide range of bandgaps and new device functionalities. However, it is inevitably accompanied by defect formation. A thorough analysis of how these defects propagate and interact with interfaces is critical to understanding their effects on device parameters. Here, we present a comprehensive study of dislocation networks in the GaSb/GaAs heteroepitaxial system using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Specifically, the sample analyzed is a GaSb film grown on GaAs using dislocation–reduction strategies such as interfacial misfit array formation and introduction of a dislocation filtering layer. Using various TEM techniques, it is shown that such an analysis can reveal important information on the dislocation behavior including filtering mechanism, types of dislocation reactions, and other interactions with interfaces. A novel method that enables plan-view imaging of deeply embedded interfaces using TEM and a demonstration of independent imaging of different dislocation types are also presented. While clearly effective in characterizing dislocation behavior in GaSb/GaAs, we believe that the methods outlined in this article can be extended to study other heteroepitaxial material systems.
Symmetric ideal magnetofluidostatic equilibria with nonvanishing pressure gradients in asymmetric confinement vessels
Authors: Sato Naoki
Published: December 2020

We study the possibility of constructing steady magnetic fields satisfying the force balance equation of ideal magnetohydrodynamics with tangential boundary conditions in asymmetric confinement vessels, i.e., bounded regions that are not invariant under continuous Euclidean isometries (translations, rotations, or their combination). This problem is often encountered in the design of next-generation fusion reactors. We show that such configurations are possible if one relaxes the standard assumption that the vessel boundary corresponds to a pressure isosurface. We exhibit a smooth solution that possesses a Euclidean symmetry and yet solves the boundary value problem in an asymmetric ellipsoidal domain while sustaining a nonvanishing pressure gradient. This result provides a definitive answer to the problem of existence of regular ideal magnetofluidostatic equilibria in asymmetric bounded domains. The question remains open whether regular asymmetric solutions of the boundary value problem exist.
Metallic transport properties and electrostatic resistance modulations in LaNiO3 ultrathin channels electrochemically etched in electric-double-layer transistors
Authors: Kan Daisuke , Hatano Takafumi , Abe Akihiro , Ikuta Hiroshi , Shimakawa Yuichi
Published: December 2020

We fabricated electric double-layer transistors with perovskite nickelate LaNiO3 epitaxial films as a channel and an ionic liquid as a gate insulator and investigated the channel's transport behavior at negative gate bias voltages. We found that when the negative VG is low enough, the channel resistance undergoes reversible changes due to electrostatic carrier accumulation. On the other hand, with increasing VG, electrochemical decomposition of the channels due to the VG-induced instability of the unusually high Ni valence state [Ni(3+δ)+] occurs and the channels are etched, which is seen as an irreversible increase in the channel resistance. We also show that channel layers electrochemically etched to a few nanometers thick exhibit metallic transport behavior and the electrostatic carrier accumulation in the etched metallic channels results in 30% reductions in the channel resistance at 220 K, which are about twice as large as those seen for the ultra-thin insulating film channels. These observations indicate that surface defects and dangling bonds in the electrochemically etched channel layers differ from those in ultrathin films. Our results highlight that the electrochemical decomposition and etching in electric double-layer transistors is a unique approach for fabricating ultrathin oxide films and exploring electric field-induced effects on their functional properties.
Annealing effect of sputter-grown Pt/Ni80Fe20/Pt sandwich trilayer films on Gilbert damping
Authors: Kim Yongsub , Kim Bosung , Bhoi Biswanath , Lee Yong Hee , Kim Young-Woon , Kim Sang-Koog
Published: December 2020

The annealing effect of Pt/Permalloy(Py: Ni80Fe20)/Pt sandwich trilayer films on Gilbert damping was investigated through ferromagnetic resonance, x-ray diffraction (XRD), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) measurements. We estimated the variation of the effective Gilbert damping constant with 30-min-post-annealing temperature in the range of Ta = 600–800 K. The damping constant for the as-grown sample was estimated to be αeff = 0.021, but it linearly increased with Ta until 700 K and then drastically increased by 4.5 times up to αeff = 0.093 at Ta = 800 K. Delicate analyses of the XRD and TEM data revealed that the damping constant in such a thin-layered structure is closely related to the structural characteristics of the interfaces and atomic intermixing through them. The linear increase in αeff in the range of Ta = 650–700 K was ascribed to the alloying/intermixing effect between the Pt and Py layers through both interfaces, whose effect was found to be related to the degradation of the Pt (111) texture. Meanwhile, in the range of Ta = 750–800 K, αeff further and rapidly increased relative to the values in the range of Ta = 650–700 K. Specifically, the 800-K-post-annealed sample showed that its damping constant was 4.5 times larger than that of the as-grown sample, its saturation magnetization decreased by ∼54%, and also that new stoichiometric compounds such as NiPt, FePt, and NiFePt appeared. TEM equipped with energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy also revealed that Ta gives rise to atomic intermixing between the Pt and Py thin layers through both interfaces, resulting in interface shifting. This work provides the means to control the Gilbert damping constant and better to understand complex multi-layered structures in potential spintronic devices.
Thermally driven hydrogen interaction with single-layer graphene on SiO2/Si substrates quantified by isotopic labeling
Authors: Feijó Taís Orestes , Rolim Guilherme Koszeniewski , Corrêa Silma Alberton , Radtke Cláudio , Soares Gabriel Vieira
Published: December 2020

In the present work, we investigated the interaction of hydrogen with single-layer graphene. Fully hydrogenated monolayer graphene was predicted to be a semiconductor with a bandgap of 3.5 eV in contrast to the metallic behavior of its pristine counterpart. Integration of these materials is a promising approach to develop new electronic devices. Amidst numerous theoretical works evidencing the efficient formation of fully hydrogenated graphene, few experimental studies have tackled this issue. A possible explanation for that is the difficulty to directly quantify hydrogen by usual characterization techniques. Using an isotopically enriched gas in deuterium in conjunction with nuclear reaction analysis, we were able to quantify deuterium deliberately incorporated in graphene as a result of thermal annealing. The highest D areal density obtained following annealing at 800 °C was 3.5 × 1014 D/cm2. This amount corresponds to ∼10% of the carbon atoms in graphene. Spectroscopic results evidence that deuterium is predominantly incorporated in grain boundaries accompanied by rippling and etching of graphene, the latter effect being more pronounced at higher temperatures. Desorption experiments show that hydrogen (deuterium) incorporation is not completely reversible due to the damage induced in the graphene layer through the hydrogen adsorption/desorption cycle.
Geometry relaxation-mediated localization and delocalization of excitons in organic semiconductors: A quantum chemical study
Authors: Deutsch M. , Wirsing S. , Kaiser D. , Fink R. F. , Tegeder P. , Engels B.
Published: December 2020

Photo-induced relaxation processes leading to excimer formations or other traps are in the focus of many investigations of optoelectronic materials because they severely affect the efficiencies of corresponding devices. Such relaxation effects comprise inter-monomer distortions in which the orientations of the monomer change with respect to each other, whereas intra-monomer distortions are variations in the geometry of single monomers. Such distortions are generally neglected in quantum chemical investigations of organic dye aggregates due to the accompanied high computational costs. In the present study, we investigate their relevance using perylene-bisimide dimers and diindenoperylene tetramers as model systems. Our calculations underline the importance of intra-monomer distortions on the shape of the potential energy surfaces as a function of the coupling between the monomers. The latter is shown to depend strongly on the electronic state under consideration. In particular, it differs between the first and second excited state of the aggregate. Additionally, the magnitude of the geometrical relaxation decreases if the exciton is delocalized over an increasing number of monomers. For the interpretation of the vibronic coupling model, pseudo-Jahn–Teller or Marcus theory can be employed. In the first part of this paper, we establish the accuracy of density functional theory-based approaches for the prediction of vibrationally resolved absorption spectra of organic semiconductors. These investigations underline the accuracy of those approaches although shortcomings become obvious as well. These calculations also indicate the strength of intra-monomer relaxation effects.
Calculation of the detonation state of HN3 with quantum accuracy
Authors: Pham Cong Huy , Lindsey Rebecca K. , Fried Laurence E. , Goldman Nir
Published: December 2020

HN3 is a unique liquid energetic material that exhibits ultrafast detonation chemistry and a transition to metallic states during detonation. We combine the Chebyshev interaction model for efficient simulation (ChIMES) many-body reactive force field and the extended-Lagrangian multiscale shock technique molecular dynamics method to calculate the detonation properties of HN3 with the accuracy of Kohn–Sham density-functional theory. ChIMES is based on a Chebyshev polynomial expansion and can accurately reproduce density-functional theory molecular dynamics (DFT-MD) simulations for a wide range of unreactive and decomposition conditions of liquid HN3. We show that addition of random displacement configurations and the energies of gas-phase equilibrium products in the training set allows ChIMES to efficiently explore the complex potential energy surface. Schemes for selecting force field parameters and the inclusion of stress tensor and energy data in the training set are examined. Structural and dynamical properties and chemistry predictions for the resulting models are benchmarked against DFT-MD. We demonstrate that the inclusion of explicit four-body energy terms is necessary to capture the potential energy surface across a wide range of conditions. Our results generally retain the accuracy of DFT-MD while yielding a high degree of computational efficiency, allowing simulations to approach orders of magnitude larger time and spatial scales. The techniques and recipes for MD model creation we present allow for direct simulation of nanosecond shock compression experiments and calculation of the detonation properties of materials with the accuracy of Kohn–Sham density-functional theory.
Uniform description of the helium isoelectronic series down to the critical nuclear charge with explicitly correlated basis sets derived from regularized Krylov sequences
Authors: Cioslowski Jerzy , Prątnicki Filip
Published: December 2020

An efficient computational scheme for the calculation of highly accurate ground-state electronic properties of the helium isoelectronic series, permitting uniform description of its members down to the critical nuclear charge Zc, is described. It is based upon explicitly correlated basis functions derived from the regularized Krylov sequences (which constitute the core of the free iterative CI/free complement method of Nakatsuji) involving a term that introduces split length scales. For the nuclear charge Z approaching Zc, the inclusion of this term greatly reduces the error in the variational estimate for the ground-state energy, restores the correct large-r asymptotics of the one-electron density ρ(Z; r), and dramatically alters the manifold of the pertinent natural amplitudes and natural orbitals. The advantages of this scheme are illustrated with test calculations for Z = 1 and Z = Zc carried out with a moderate-size 12th-generation basis set of 2354 functions. For Z = Zc, the augmentation is found to produce a ca. 5000-fold improvement in the accuracy of the approximate ground-state energy, yielding values of various electronic properties with between seven and eleven significant digits. Some of these values, such as those of the norms of the partial-wave contributions to the wavefunction and the Hill constant, have not been reported in the literature thus far. The same is true for the natural amplitudes at Z = Zc, whereas the published data for those at Z = 1 are revealed by the present calculations to be grossly inaccurate. Approximants that yield correctly normalized ρ(1; r) and ρ(Zc; r) conforming to their asymptotics at both r → 0 and r → ∞ are constructed.