bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ANALISIS PERKEMBANGAN NPM, ROA DAN ROE PADA BANK SYARIAH INDONESIA SEBELUM DAN SESUDAH MERGER
Authors: Fitriyani Elsha , Oktavia Lestari , Magdalena Sara , Gunardi Gunardi , Kesumah Priatna
Published: June 2023

Ditengah  kondisi  perekonomian  yang  tidak  stabil pada berbagai  negara  di  seluruh  dunia mengharuskan  setiap  negara  untuk  berinovasi  dan  berimprovisasi  dalam  mempertahankan segala  aspek  agar tetap  bertahan. Atas  permasalahan  tersebut,  salah  satu  bentuk  inovasi  yang dilakukan  oleh  pemerintah  Indonesia  khususnya  di  perdagangan  saham  adalah dengan melakukan merger pada bank BUMN Syariah. Proses  merger ketiga bank  syariah  (BRI  Syariah,  BNI  Syariah, dan  Mandiri  Syariah)  menjadi  Bank  Syariah  Indonesa  (BSI)  dengan  kode  BRIS  di  Bursa  Efek Indonesia  dilakukan untuk memperluas pangsa pasar BSI. Oleh karena itu, tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis mengenai perkembangan profitabilitas BSM, BBRI, dan BNIS sebelum dan sesudah merger menjadi BSI. Untuk mendukung penelitian, penulis menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan data yang diperoleh melalui data sekunder dari laporan keuangan tahunan di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perkembangan profitabilitas di setiap periode pada Bank Negara Indonesia Syariah (BNIS)  dan Bank Rakyat Indonesia Syariah (BRIS), sedangkan pada Bank Syariah Mandiri (BSM) analisis nilai ROA dan ROE mengalami penurunan dari sebelum dan setelah melakukan merger menjadi Bank Syariah Indonesia (BSI).
DETAIL ENGINEERING DESIGN INFRASTRUKTUR TEKNOLOGI INFORMASI PERINGATAN DINI BANJIR DINAS PENGAIRAN PROVINSI ACEH
Authors: Bambang Nurcahya Said , Sujana Nana , Azizah Nur
Published: June 2023

The complexity of life in the world is the most difficult to anticipate when natural phenomena occur in the form of rain, earthquakes, landslides, volcanic eruptions, and whirlwinds. The natural event that causes an area to become a natural disaster most often is flooding, basically the rain that occurs can be predicted in terms of intensity, rainfall, volume, and time of occurrence. BMKG as a government institution that researches natural phenomena usually provides daily weather forecasts and the information can be obtained on websites and online media, TV, social media and other media, the Nangroe Aceh Darussalam Provincial Irrigation Service which is responsible for planning, handling, and construction of irrigation and The use of irrigation is challenged to make innovations using information technology and incorporating technically designed hardware telemetry (DED) to combine it into a flood early warning system, especially in river flows close to residential areas so that it can anticipate or mitigate flood disasters massively and informatively. to local governments, communities, media and other parties with an interest in the main tasks and functions of rescue. In developing and combining hardware, software, and brainware for this flood early warning system, the main focus was the use of Hawk Eye, high resolution CCTV operated using Igismap software, and Dynamic software, which successfully identified garbage in rivers that caused puddles, and sent signals and data to the Command Center (EWS Command Center).
ANALISIS DAN PEMODELAN PROSES BISNIS PADA KEPUASAN KONSUMEN DI MP MART – TELKOM UNIVERSITY
Authors: Madova Jovanovic March Madova Jovanovic , Maulidhina Riadi Syilva , Salsabillah Yulianto Shafiyah , Larasati Irawan Rini
Published: June 2023

Kepuasan konsumen merupakan hal yang penting untuk dipikirkan oleh suatu took, demi mendapatkan efisiensi yang dirasakan oleh konsumen, hal ini dapat dibuat dengan BPMN yang membahas mengenai suatu sistem pada minimarket tersebut untuk mencapai keupuasan konsumen, hal-hal yang penulis pertimbangkan dalam penulisan ini adalah adanya variable x dan y, dimana variable x yang terdiri dari produk, harga, dan kualitas dari informasi yang akan menjadi dasar dalam variable y yaitu kepuasan konsumen ketika berbelanja pada MP Mart – Universitas Telkom.
Compartmental and Probabilistic Modelling for Research into the Development of Cancer and its Biological History
Authors: Masih John Abhishek , Philip Rajiv
Published: June 2023

Compartmental models are frequently employed to forecast cancer progression and potential treatment planning. The differential equation governs the cancer model, which is explored along with other mathematical models for cancer such as the exponential, linear, surface, logistic, Gompertz, Mendelsohn, and Bertanffy models. Also, a numerical illustration of the above models has been discussed. The results of the cancer model are beneficial for creating new treatment plans. The Bayes theorem is used in this study's probabilities model to determine the optimum course of treatment for cancer patients. The built-in mathematical model is subjected to a variety of theoretical operations, particularly for the development of new clinical medications. New therapeutic therapies receive specific instruction, and appropriate variables and parameters are also examined. Parallel to this, the model presents crucial construction challenges.
PENGARUH KOMPONEN FRAUD RISK TRIANGLE TERHADAP ASSET MISAPPROPRIATION, PADA PEGAWAI PD. PASAR JAYA PEMDA DKI JAKARTA
Authors: Tarmizi Achmad , Shieto
Published: June 2023

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menjelaskan pengaruh elemen risiko kecurangan terhadap penyalahgunaan asset. Populasi dari penelitian meliputi seluruh pegawai yang bekerja pada sektor pemerintahan dan administrasi public PD. Pasar Jaya Pemda DKI. Teknik penentuan sampel yang digunakan adalah probability-simple random sampling dan sejumlah 100 sampel kuesioner data telah terkumpul. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan regresi linear berganda dengan memperoleh informasi dari literature dan observasi fenomena untuk melaksanakan pengujian hipotesis.
ANALYSIS OF ONLINE PURCHASE INTENTION FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF ONLINE CUSTOMER REVIEWS, ONLINE ADVERTISING, AND WEBSITE QUALITY
Authors: Abdullah Muhamad Al Faruq , Pangaribuan Yanthy Herawaty , Fathihani Fathihani , Febrian Wenny Desty
Published: June 2023

This study was conducted with the aim of knowing the effect of the variable relationship that affects purchase intention on e-commerce sites which is currently increasing. This research was conducted on one of the e-commerce sites, namely Elevenia. The data used is primary data using a questionnaire distributed to 120 respondents in DKI Jakarta and already know the Elevenia site. The data were analyzed using the Structural Positive and Equation Model (SEM) Partial Least Square (smartPLS 3.0) application to examine all the relationships between online consumer reviews, online advertising, and website quality variables on purchase intention in the model. The results of this study indicate that online consumer reviews and website quality have a positive and significant relationship with purchase intention. However, online advertising has a positive and insignificant relationship with purchase intention.
IDEEN OM DET FÆNGSELSLØSE SAMFUND
Authors: Brinkgaard Lea Cecilie
Published: June 2023

Denne artikel undersøger etableringen af Grønlands første fængsel, medudgangspunkt i en opfattelse af historisk kontinuitet mellem koloniale og postkolonialesamfund, samt et Michel Foucault-inspireret problematiseringsperspektiv. På baggrund afen analyse af Den grønlandske retsvæsenskommissions betænkning fra 2004, identificeresdels kontinuitet, der er knyttet til kulturforestillinger om den koloniserede ”anden”, menogså brud, der knytter an til en mere kontemporær ansvarliggørelses-problematisering.Således konkluderer artiklen, at etableringen af det første fængsel i Grønland, afspejler enkriminalitetsproblematisering, der både bærer præg af partikulære såvel som universellekulturopfattelser.
SOCIAL - OG SUNDHEDSARBEJDE I KONKURRENCESTATENS HJEMMEPLEJE
Authors: Andersen Nikolaj Porskjær Engvon , Lydiksen Agnes
Published: June 2023

Denne artikel omhandler livet som social- og sundhedshjælper i denoffentlige hjemmepleje. I et historisk og livsformsteoretisk perspektiv undersøger vihjemmeplejens tilblivelse og strukturering under skiftende politiske paradigmer medhenblik på at analysere arbejdets betydning for, om de ansatte kan praktisere deresforståelse af det gode liv. På baggrund af interviews med social- og sundhedshjælpere fraden offentlige hjemmepleje konkluderer artiklen, at den offentlige hjemmepleje, ikonteksten af et øget politisk krav om effektivitet og konkurrence, på strukturelt planefterspørger én livsform, hvor arbejdet forstås som et middel til et eksternt mål, og at andrelivsformer, der ser det at yde omsorg som arbejdets formål, bliver udfordret.
”Talenter” – mellem forventninger og praksis
Authors: Jul Nielsen Niels , Rohde Sabine Louise Køhn
Published: June 2023

Arbejdsmigration var på dagsordenen, da et hold etnologiske kandidatstuderende i efteråret 2017 deltog i kurset Europa i Verden på Københavns Universitet. De studerendes analyser, baseret på deres egne feltoptegnelser, omhandlede centrale aspekter knyttet til migration, såsom håndtering af et transnationalt familieliv, udfordringer i forhold til at finde beskæftigelse og nødvendigheden af at opnå statslig anerkendelse i en ny national kontekst. Fire af projekterne er siden omdannet til artiklerne i dette temanummer, og i nærværende introduktion uddybes de forskningsinteresser og teser, der har båret dem, på tværs af de vidt forskellige migrantmiljøer, de studerende har undersøgt.
Tidslighed i flertal
Authors: Damsholt Tine
Published: June 2023

Tid, sted og socialt miljø er de tre klassiske etnologiske dimensioner, som ethvert kulturelt fænomen skal sættes i forhold til. Men hvor ideen om entydige og afgrænselige steder og sociale miljøer længst er blevet problematiseret, så håndteres ’tiden’ oftest som et spørgsmål om at studere et fænomen i sin historiske kontekst dvs. ud fra en fortløbende kronologisk tid. Men hvad sker der, hvis vi betragter tid som en flertydig dimension? I oplægget vil corona-hverdagslivet blive brugt som eksempel på, hvordan en mere kompleks og multipel tidsforståelse kan anvendes i etnologiske kulturanalyser.
Etnologiske klima- og miljøproblemer
Authors: Hastrup Frida
Published: June 2023

Denne artikel adresserer, hvordan en etnologisk faglighed kan engagere sig i diskussioner om den igangværende klima- og miljøkrise. Gennem en behandling af det nyligt opførte vildsvinehegn tværs over Sønderjylland argumenterer artiklen for, at den måde etnologien ofte er skaleret på tillader os at stille nye og andre spørgsmål til bæredygtighedsudfordringerne, end dem som fx landbruget, politikere og interesseorganisationer sædvanligvis stiller.
Det påklædte menneske i det 20. og 21. århundredes modekultur
Authors: Riegels Melchior Marie
Published: June 2023

Artiklen handler om studiet af dragt og mode inden for det danske, etnologiske fagområde i de sidste 60 år i anledningen af fagets jubilæum ved Københavns Universitet. Med artiklen præsenteres nogle af de forskellige forskningsretninger inden for feltet og forfatterens egne studier af moden i Danmark i løbet af det 20. og begyndelsen af det 21. århundrede. Til sammen viser det et fortsat dynamisk forskningsfelt, som den gang da faget holdt sit indtog som universitetsfag i årene omkring 1960.
Disruption som konkurrencestatsideal
Authors: Holst-Larsen Niels Olav
Published: June 2023

På baggrund af et bredt kildemateriale bestående af rapporter, avisartikler og bøger analyserer denne artikel disruptionideens udbredelse i Danmark. Artiklen bidrager til konkurrencestatens idéhistorie ved at vise, hvordan disruptionideen i det seneste årti er blevet et nyt buzzword inden for innovations-, udviklings- og entreprenørskabstænkningen, som rummer løfter om vækst og konkurrencedygtighed i fremtiden. Mere konkret viser artiklen med udgangspunkt i Michael Freedens ideologiforståelse, hvordan disruption er blevet mobiliseret som et ideal, der skal hjælpe erhvervslivet, den offentlige sektor og individet på den rette vej ind i fremtiden.
Personal is National
Authors: Barrowcliffe Liam
Published: June 2023

This article analyses how those who identify as lesbian, gay or bisexual (LGB) in Denmark and the Republic of Ireland see themselves in relation to hegemonic narratives of the nation. A range of personal narratives from the two national contexts were collected and analysed as narrative texts for the ways they represented positionality, agency and belonging in the wider discourse of the nation. LGB lives are often reduced to legislative turning points in national narratives, but this study shifts the focus onto the myriad of other formative experiences that contribute to their national sense of self. While a significant body of work has focused on the intersection of LGB(TQ) and national identity as harmful, leading to theories such as homonationalism, this article sees the relationship as more nuanced, and capable of going beyond acceptance/rejection or inclusion/exclusion dichotomies.
Central diabetes insipidus following COVID-19 mRNA vaccination: a case report
Authors: Kim Min-Young , Hahm Jong Ryeal , Jung Jaehoon , Jung Jung Hwa , Kim Kyoung Young , Kim Hosu , Baek Jong Ha , Shin Hwa Seon , Kang Kee Ryeon , Kim Soo Kyoung
Published: June 2023

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been a major public health emergency worldwide. Vaccines were rapidly developed and approved to prevent the spread of viral infection. However, various side effects of the COVID-19 messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines have been reported after their commercialization. A 24-year-old man visited our emergency department with polyuria and polydipsia that occurred after he received a COVID-19 mRNA vaccine 10 days beforehand. The initial laboratory findings showed very low urine osmolality with hyperosmolar hypernatremia. Based on these findings, diabetes insipidus was suspected, and sella magnetic resonance imaging showed an enlarged pituitary gland and the absence of posterior pituitary higher intensity. After 12 hours of using oral desmopressin acetate, urine volume decreased, and after 5 days of administration, serum electrolyte and serum osmolality improved. This case report of diabetes insipidus occurring after vaccination with the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine is presented as a reminder that close monitoring is necessary for patients with polyuria and polydipsia after vaccination.
The influence of preprocessing on the accuracy of the classification of posts on social networks about the corona virus
Authors: Lazić Jelena
Published: June 2023

At the beginning of 2020, there was a pandemic caused by the corona virus. At the global level, restrictive measures were introduced in order to prevent the further spread of the virus, after which almost all aspects of life were reduced to working from home. The restriction of live communication has led to increased user activity on social networks. Analysis of the published content on them can provide insight into the feelings and attitudes that prevail among users. In this paper, a classification of announcements about the corona virus on the Twitter social network written in English was made. A publicly available database from the Kaggle platform was used. Tweets are classified based on their sentimental meaning into one of five classes: extremely positive, positive, neutral, negative, and extremely negative tweets. The goal of the paper is to examine how data preprocessing affects classification accuracy. The Naive Bayes classifier, KNN, and artificial neural networks were used. The results indicate that the method of preprocessing links and tagging does not affect the classification accuracy, but the method of processing hashtags can have an effect on accuracy.
Native American genetic ancestry and pigmentation allele contributions to skin color in a Caribbean population
Authors: Ang Khai C , Canfield Victor A , Foster Tiffany C , Harbaugh Thaddeus D , Early Kathryn A , Harter Rachel L , Reid Katherine P , Leong Shou Ling , Kawasawa Yuka , Liu Dajiang , Hawley John W , Cheng Keith C
Published: June 2023

Our interest in the genetic basis of skin color variation between populations led us to seek a Native American population with genetically African admixture but low frequency of European light skin alleles. Analysis of 458 genomes from individuals residing in the Kalinago Territory of the Commonwealth of Dominica showed approximately 55% Native American, 32% African, and 12% European genetic ancestry, the highest Native American genetic ancestry among Caribbean populations to date. Skin pigmentation ranged from 20 to 80 melanin units, averaging 46. Three albino individuals were determined to be homozygous for a causative multi-nucleotide polymorphism OCA2NW273KV contained within a haplotype of African origin; its allele frequency was 0.03 and single allele effect size was –8 melanin units. Derived allele frequencies of SLC24A5A111T and SLC45A2L374F were 0.14 and 0.06, with single allele effect sizes of –6 and –4, respectively. Native American genetic ancestry by itself reduced pigmentation by more than 20 melanin units (range 24–29). The responsible hypopigmenting genetic variants remain to be identified, since none of the published polymorphisms predicted in prior literature to affect skin color in Native Americans caused detectable hypopigmentation in the Kalinago.
Cortico-thalamo-cortical interactions modulate electrically evoked EEG responses in mice
Authors: Claar Leslie D. , Rembado Irene , Kuyat Jacqulyn R. , Russo Simone , Marks Lydia C. , Olsen Shawn R. , Koch Christof
Published: June 2023

Perturbational complexity analysis predicts the presence of consciousness in volunteers and patients by stimulating the brain with brief pulses, recording electroencephalographic (
EEG
) responses, and computing their spatiotemporal complexity. We examined the underlying neural circuits in mice by directly stimulating cortex while recording with EEG and Neuropixels probes during wakefulness and isoflurane anesthesia. When mice are awake, stimulation of deep cortical layers reliably evokes locally a brief pulse of excitation, followed by a bi-phasic sequence of 120 ms profound
off
period and a
rebound
excitation. A similar pattern, partially attributed to burst spiking, is seen in thalamic nuclei, and is associated with a pronounced late component in the evoked EEG. We infer that cortico-thalamo-cortical interactions drive the long-lasting evoked EEG signals elicited by deep cortical stimulation during the awake state. The cortical and thalamic off period and rebound excitation, and the late component in the EEG, are reduced during running and absent during anesthesia.
Multiple dynamic interactions from basal ganglia direct and indirect pathways mediate action selection
Authors: Li Hao , Jin Xin
Published: June 2023

The basal ganglia are known to be essential for action selection. However, the functional role of basal ganglia direct and indirect pathways in action selection remains unresolved. Here, by employing cell-type-specific neuronal recording and manipulation in mice trained in a choice task, we demonstrate that multiple dynamic interactions from the direct and indirect pathways control the action selection. While the direct pathway regulates the behavioral choice in a linear manner, the indirect pathway exerts a nonlinear inverted-U-shaped control over action selection, depending on the inputs and the network state. We propose a new center (direct)-surround (indirect)-context (indirect) ‘Triple-control’ functional model of basal ganglia, which can replicate the physiological and behavioral experimental observations that cannot be simply explained by either the traditional ‘Go/No-go’ or more recent ‘Co-activation’ model. These findings have important implications on understanding the basal ganglia circuitry and action selection in health and disease.
Multiple dynamic interactions from basal ganglia direct and indirect pathways mediate action selection
Authors: Li Hao , Jin Xin
Published: June 2023

The basal ganglia are known to be essential for action selection. However, the functional role of basal ganglia direct and indirect pathways in action selection remains unresolved. Here by employing cell-type-specific neuronal recording and manipulation in mice trained in a choice task, we demonstrate that multiple dynamic interactions from the direct and indirect pathways control the action selection. While the direct pathway regulates the behavioral choice in a linear manner, the indirect pathway exerts a nonlinear inverted-U-shaped control over action selection, depending on the inputs and the network state. We propose a new center (direct) - surround (indirect) - context (indirect) “Triple- control” functional model of basal ganglia, which can replicate the physiological and behavioral experimental observations that cannot be simply explained by either the traditional “Go/No-go” or more recent “Co-activation” model. These findings have important implications on understanding the basal ganglia circuitry and action selection in health and disease.Using behavior analysis, in vivo electrophysiology, optogenetics and computational modeling in mice, Li and Jin unveiled the neuronal dynamics of basal ganglia direct and indirect pathways underlying action selection, and proposed a new “Triple-control” functional model of basal ganglia.Outputs of opponent SNr subpopulations determine the action selectionStriatal direct/indirect pathways exhibit distinct physiology and function during action selectionCell ablation and optogenetic inhibition of indirect pathway exert opposite behavioral effectsA new “Triple-control” functional model of basal ganglia pathways is proposed
The preparing pupils for textile technology Olympiads
Authors: Urdziņa-Deruma Māra
Published: June 2023

This article presents how design and technology teachers teach pupils who successfully participate in Open Design and Technology Olympiads (textile technology). After interviewing twelve teachers and performing qualitative content analysis it is concluded that several personality traits are crucial for teachers, for pupils to succeed in the competition: competence, consistent work, and continuous development. An appreciation of school management is also important. In the teaching process, teachers should use self-made materials and varied sources, pay attention to creating ideas, experiment with materials and techniques, and think about products’ usage, composition, and technical quality by using both regular and different forms of extracurricular lessons in an inspiring environment. Individual work with each pupil is vital. Teachers have different approaches to the process of idea generation.
Mineral nutrient variability of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) tubers with different colors grown in Niksar, Kazova and Artova locations of Tokat Province, Turkey
Authors: Karan Yasin Bedrettin
Published: June 2023

Potato is one of the most commonly consumed non-grain staple food crops in the world therefore, the mineral nutrient content of the potato is extremely important for human nutrition. The lack of mineral nutrients causes significant health problems, thus, many of these nutrients are often taken as supplements. This study was carried out to investigate the effects of potato flesh color and location on different mineral nutrient contents under Niksar, Kazova and Artova locations in Tokat Province, Turkey, during 2013 and 2014 potato growing seasons. The experimental design in each location was randomized blocks with three replications. In this study, a total of 67 clones (including varieties and advanced breeding selections) with nine white, 10 cream, 30 light yellow, and 18 dark yellow flesh colors were used. Potatoes with cream flesh colors had the highest K (23.81 g kg−1), P (0.31 g kg−1), Mg (1.20 g kg−1), Zn (27.26 mg kg−1), Cu (8.28 mg kg−1) and Mn (7.21 mg kg−1) contents, and the lowest Ca (45.6 mg kg−1) content. The mineral contents (except K and Cu) of potatoes grown in Artova were higher compared to the other two locations. The results clearly suggested that Artova is the most suitable location to produce potatoes with a high mineral composition, and Kazova is suitable to cultivate potatoes with high K and Cu contents. In addition, the knowledge of nutrient rich potato accessions is valuable for developing biofortified potato genotypes.
Phenotypic and genetic diversity of doubled haploid bread wheat population and molecular validation for spike characteristics, end-use quality, and biofortification capacity
Authors: Kutlu Imren , Çelik Sadettin , Karaduman Yaşar , Yorgancılar Özcan
Published: June 2023

Increasing grain quality and nutritional value along with yield in bread wheat is one of the leading breeding goals. Selection of genotypes with desired traits using traditional breeding selection methods is very time-consuming and often not possible due to the interaction of environmental factors. By identifying DNA markers that can be used to identify genotypes with desired alleles, high-quality and bio-fortified bread wheat production can be achieved in a short time and cost-effectively. In the present study, 134 doubled haploid (DH) wheat lines and their four parents were phenotypically evaluated for yield components (spike characteristics), quality parameters, and grain Fe and Zn concentrations in two successive growing seasons. At the same time, ten genic simple sequence repeats (SSR) markers linked to genes related to the traits examined were validated and subsequently used for molecular characterization of trait-specific candidate genotypes. Significant genotypic variations were determined for all studied traits and many genotypes with desired phenotypic values were detected. The evaluation performed with 10 SSR markers revealed significant polymorphism between genotypes. The polymorphic information content (PIC) values of 10 markers ranged from 0.00 to 0.87. Six out of 10 SSRs could be more effective in representing the genotypic differentiation of the DH population as they demonstrated the highest genetic diversity. Both Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean (UPGMA) clustering and STRUCTURE analyses divided 138 wheat genotypes into five (K = 5) main groups. These analyzes were indicative of genetic variation due to hybridization and segregation in the DH population and the differentiation of the genotypes from their parents. Single marker regression analysis showed that both Xbarc61 and Xbarc146 had significant relationships with grain Fe and Zn concentrations, while Xbarc61 related to spike characteristics and Xbarc146 related to quality traits, separately. Other than these, Xgwm282 was associated with spike harvest index, SDS sedimentation value and Fe grain concentration, while Gwm445 was associated with spikelet number, grain number per spike and grain Fe concentration. These markers were validated for the studied DH population during the present study and they could be effectively used for marker-assisted selection to improve grain yield, quality, and bio-fortification capacity of bread wheat.
Honey bees and bumble bees occupying the same landscape have distinct gut microbiomes and amplicon sequence variant-level responses to infections
Authors: Amiri Navolle , M. Keady Mia , Lim Haw Chuan
Published: June 2023

The gut microbiome of bees is vital for the health of their hosts. Given the ecosystem functions performed by bees, and the declines faced by many species, it is important to improve our understanding of the amount of natural variation in the gut microbiome, the level of sharing of bacteria among co-occurring species (including between native and non-native species), and how gut communities respond to infections. We conducted 16S rRNA metabarcoding to discern the level of microbiome similarity between honey bees (Apis mellifera, N = 49) and bumble bees (Bombus spp., N = 66) in a suburban-rural landscape. We identified a total of 233 amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) and found simple gut microbiomes dominated by bacterial taxa belonging to Gilliamella, Snodgrassella, and Lactobacillus. The average number of ASVs per species ranged from 4.00–15.00 (8.79 ± 3.84, mean ± SD). Amplicon sequence variant of one bacterial species, G. apicola (ASV 1), was widely shared across honey bees and bumble bees. However, we detected another ASV of G. apicola that was either exclusive to honey bees, or represented an intra-genomic 16S rRNA haplotype variant in honey bees. Other than ASV 1, honey bees and bumble bees rarely share gut bacteria, even ones likely derived from outside environments (e.g., Rhizobium spp., Fructobacillus spp.). Honey bee bacterial microbiomes exhibited higher alpha diversity but lower beta and gamma diversities than those of bumble bees, likely a result of the former possessing larger, perennial hives. Finally, we identified pathogenic or symbiotic bacteria (G. apicola, Acinetobacter sp. and Pluralibacter sp.) that associate with Trypanosome and/or Vairimorpha infections in bees. Such insights help to determine bees’ susceptibility to infections should gut microbiomes become disrupted by chemical pollutants and contribute to our understanding of what constitutes a state of dysbiosis.
Pokkali Rice Cultivation: A Review on the Indigenous Rice Cultivation Method in Kerala
Authors: Jose Asha Elizabeth , Charitha Nalla , Karde Rohit , Bayskar Akshay , Reddy Yanala Akhil
Published: June 2023

Kerala state's rice consumption is predicted to be between 3.5 and 4 million tons per year, but production is just a sixth of this. In order to boost the state's rice production, attention must be paid to traditional rice growing techniques. Thus, there is a need to understand the Pokkali rice cultivation method used in Kerala. The Pokkali style of rice farming in Kerala's acidic, saline soil is a distinctive way of rice cultivation. A native historic salt-tolerant type of rice called Pokkali, with a 120-day growing season, can withstand flooding by growing up to a height of 1.5 meters.  Chettivirippu, Vyttila 1, Vyttila 2, Vyttila 3, Vyttila 4 and Vyttila 5 are the other rice varieties cultivated using the Pokkali rice cultivation method. With this technique, a single rice crop is harvested on mounds during the low salinity part of the production cycle (June to mid-October), with prawn aquaculture taking place during the high salinity phase (November to April). Pokkali cultivation only produce 2000 kg of rice per hectare, making it slightly unprofitable. The rice plant residue after harvesting is left to rot in the water which subsequently acts as prawn feed. Prawn farming takes place from November to April. Sluice gates help in prawn culture filtering by maximizing the amount of saline water that enters the field and preventing the prawns from escaping. The two main cultivated prawns species are Penaeus monodon (Tiger prawn) and Penaeus indicus (White prawn). Prawns are typically collected in mid-April, especially two to three days before new full moon days, as tidal activity affects their movement. Prawn excreta serve as a natural fertilizer for rice cultivation; prawns feeding on rice cultivation stubbles help to minimize the occurrence of illness in rice to a minimum. It is an organic rice production approach with less cost than commercial rice farming because chemical fertilizers and pesticides are not used.
Preparation and Evaluation of Blended Amla (Emblica officinalis Gaertn) Beverages
Authors: Marimuthu M. , Easwaran S. , Guhan V. , Vinoth R.
Published: June 2023

Freshly harvested fruits of three Amla cultivars viz., Krishna, Chakaiya and Kanchan were evaluated for the average weight of fruit. Krishna showed the highest weight (39 g) followed by Kanchan (31g) and Chakaiya (25g). The total soluble solids (TSS) of the pulp were determined using a hand refractometer. The TSS content ranged from 9% to 14.5%. The moisture content of freshly harvested fruits of three Amla cultivars, Krishna, Chakaiya and Kanchan were determined. The moisture content ranged from 86% to 90%. The ascorbic acid content in the amla fruit pulp ranged from 351mg/100g to 270 mg/100g.
Gaudeamus Igitur at 40—A Tribute and Assessment
Authors: Fleming Elizabeth A. , Bettendorf Brittany A.
Published: June 2023

This Arts and Medicine feature discusses the continuing relevance of the 1983 poem Gaudeamus Igitur by John Stone, which offers wisdom and guiding principles about the practice of medicine to newly graduated young physicians.
Extending the US Food and Drug Administration’s Postmarket Authorities
Authors: Fernandez Lynch Holly , Sachs Rachel E. , Lee Sejin , Herder Matthew , Ross Joseph S. , Ramachandran Reshma
Published: June 2023

Importance

The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has expansive regulatory flexibility regarding the quality and quantity of evidence it deems sufficient to approve new drugs, which has been increasingly used to grant approval based on less certain evidence of benefit. However, the FDA’s regulatory flexibility with respect to standards for approval has not been matched by sufficient stringency in its exercise of postmarket safeguards, including the FDA’s authority and willingness to require confirmation of benefit through postmarket efficacy studies or to withdraw approval when benefit is not confirmed.

Objective

To identify and evaluate opportunities for the FDA to extend its authority to require postmarket efficacy studies and use expedited withdrawal procedures for drugs approved despite substantial residual uncertainty outside the accelerated approval pathway.

Evidence

The FDA’s current approaches to regulatory flexibility with respect to standards for drug approval; examples of shortcomings in the postmarket period; existing statutes and regulations governing the scope of the FDA’s authority to impose and enforce postmarket study requirements; and recent legislative reform and agency action regarding the accelerated approval pathway.

Findings

Drawing on the broad language of the federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, the FDA could independently extend its core accelerated approval authorities—required postmarket efficacy studies and expedited withdrawal procedures—to any drug approved with substantial residual uncertainty regarding benefit, such as those supported by a single pivotal trial. To avoid exacerbating existing problems that have become evident during the past 3 decades of experience using the accelerated approval pathway, however, the FDA must ensure that postmarket studies are well designed and completed quickly, while compelling expedited withdrawal when needed.

Conclusions and Relevance

Under current FDA approaches to drug approval, patients, clinicians, and payers may be left with little confidence about a drug’s benefit not only when it first enters the market but also for an extended period thereafter. If policy makers continue to favor earlier market access over evidentiary certainty, flexible approvals must be matched by more expansive use of postmarket safeguards, an approach possible within the FDA’s existing legal authorities.
Use of Quantile Treatment Effects Analysis to Describe Antidepressant Response in Randomized Clinical Trials Submitted to the US Food and Drug Administration
Authors: Meyerson William U. , Pieper Carl F. , Hoyle Rick H.
Published: June 2023

Importance

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a leading cause of global distress and disability. Earlier studies have indicated that antidepressant therapy confers a modest reduction in depressive symptoms on average, but the distribution of this reduction requires more research.

Objective

To estimate the distribution of antidepressant response by depression severity.

Design, Setting, and Participants

In this secondary analysis of pooled trial data, quantile treatment effect (QTE) analysis was conducted from the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) database of antidepressant monotherapy for patients with MDD, encompassing 232 positive and negative trials submitted to the FDA between 1979 and 2016. Analysis was restricted to participants with severe MDD (17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression [HAMD-17] score ≥20). Data analysis was conducted from August 16, 2022, to April 16, 2023.

Intervention

Antidepressant monotherapy compared with placebo.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The distribution of percentage depression response was compared between the pooled treatment arm and pooled placebo arm. Percentage depression response was defined as 1 minus the ratio of final depression severity to baseline depression severity, expressed as a percentage. Depression severity was reported in HAMD-17-equivalent units.

Results

A total of 57 313 participants with severe depression were included in the analysis. There was no significant imbalance in baseline depression severity between the pooled treatment arm and pooled placebo arm, with a mean HAMD-17 difference of 0.037 points (P = .11 by Wilcoxon rank sum test). An interaction term test for rank similarity did not reject the rank similarity governing percentage depression response (P > .99). The entire distribution of depression response was more favorable in the pooled treatment arm than in the pooled placebo arm. The maximum separation between treatment and placebo occurred at the 55th quantile and corresponded to an absolute improvement in depression due to active drug of 13.5% (95% CI, 12.4%-14.4%). The separation between treatment and placebo diminished near the tails of the distribution.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this QTE analysis of pooled clinical trial data from the FDA, antidepressants were found to confer a small reduction in depression severity that was broadly distributed across participants with severe depression. Alternatively, if the assumptions behind the QTE analysis are not met, then the data are also compatible with antidepressants eliciting more complete response in a smaller subset of participants than is suggested by this QTE analysis.
2D Arrays of Soft Actuators Performing Out‐of‐Plane Local Inflation for Shape Displays
Authors: Choi Moon-Young , Kim Se-Um , Kim Hogyeong , Kim Kitae , Saeed Mohsin Hassan , Pagidi Srinivas , Na Jun-Hee
Published: June 2023

Elementary actuators performing branching or surface swelling are the primary units in the actuator integration system that is leveraged in works requiring a high versatility and complex motion. However, those primary actuator units often lack scalability or compatibility at assembly into a compact form due to the complexity of the structure and the actuation interference between adjacent units. Herein, it is shown that the phase‐change actuator in a simple bilayer structure of a top active layer and a bottom constraint layer achieves 1D surface swelling, such that the closely packed 2D array system of this actuator is easily constructed. Upon resistive heating, the active layer inflates based on the phase change of microliquid droplets embedded in an elastomer body. The inflation along the lateral direction of the actuator is suppressed by controlling the thickness ratio between the active and the constraint layers. The actuation of individual units in the array system is performed independently using a switching device with a microcontroller for the parallel application of resistive heating. The application of 2D shape morphing of the actuator arrays in beam steering and shape displays is investigated.
Three‐Point Bending Behavior of Foam‐Filled Conventional and Auxetic 3D‐Printed Honeycombs
Authors: Montazeri Amin , Bahmanpour Ehsan , Safarabadi Majid
Published: June 2023

Cellular hexagonal (conventional) and re‐entrant (auxetic) honeycombs are applicable in automotive, construction, and protective engineering. Auxetic structures own excellent energy absorption and flexural behavior due to their special deformation under loading. This work explores the performance of additively manufactured polylactic acid (PLA)‐ and thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU)‐based hexagonal and re‐entrant honeycombs under flexural loading via experimental three‐point bending (TPB) tests and finite‐element analysis (FEA). 3D‐printed conventional and auxetic cellular structures are filled with polyurethane (PU) foam and their energy absorption capacity and flexural modulus are compared with hollow structures. The results reveal that TPU‐based structures’ energy absorption capacity and flexural modulus improve significantly, whereas the PLA‐based structures’ performance deteriorates when filled with PU foam. Moreover, re‐entrant honeycombs are better reinforced with foam in comparison to the hexagonal honeycombs, as the re‐entrant's unit cell is more spacious than the hexagonal unit cell. Finally, parametric studies are performed via FEA to investigate the influence of geometric parameters of structures and flexural loading setup on the performance of the honeycombs, showing that structures with thicker struts and higher cell angle can act stiffer under TPB. The outcomes of this research indicate the promising performance of foam‐filled TPU‐based auxetic structures.
Fabrication and In Vitro Biological Evaluation of Zirconia Ceramics with 58S Bioglass via Vacuum Pressure Infiltration for Dental Implant
Authors: Zhang Wenmin , Ke Jinhuan , He Qixuan , Ye Jiandong
Published: June 2023

Due to its excellent biocompatibility, high mechanical strength, and favorable aesthetic effects, zirconia ceramics is considered as a potential dental implant material. However, the biological inertness of zirconia results in a lack of osseointegration. Herein, a newly modified zirconia ceramic with 58S bioglass (BG) is fabricated via vacuum pressure infiltration method. The effects of BG sol infiltration time on the microstructure, phase composition, mechanical properties, mineralization ability, surface profile and roughness, ions release, protein adsorption, and cell behavior in vitro of zirconia ceramics are investigated. The zirconia ceramics have a micronano surface structure as well as active ions’ releasing ability, improving the osseointegration ability of it synergistically. Compared to unmodified zirconia ceramics, BG‐modified zirconia ceramics not only maintains excellent mechanical strength, but also can enhance the bioactivity, cell adhesion, spreading, and osteoblast differentiation. Besides, the results of q‐polymerase chain reaction show that BG‐modified zirconia ceramics can promote the expressions of osteogenesis‐related genes, including collagen type I (Col‐I), osteocalcin (OCN), osteopontin (OPN), and runt‐related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), compared to the control group. In summary, research suggests that BG bioactive zirconia ceramics can be a potential candidate for dental implant.
Optimizing Both Bulk and Surface Structure of Li‐Rich Layered Cathodes for Long‐Life and Safe Li‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Li Ying , Shi Zhepu , Qiu Bao , Zhao Jialiang , Li Xiao , Zhang Yibin , Li Tingting , Gu Qingwen , Gao Jing , Liu Zhaoping
Published: June 2023

Although oxygen redox in Li‐rich layered cathodes can boost the available capacity over 250 mAh g−1, it also brings a rapid capacity fade upon long‐term cycling and serious safety issue during thermal abuse. To circumvent these problems, an integrated strategy via interlayer regulation at surface and the delocalization of Li2MnO3‐like domain on bulk is proposed. The controllable interlayer by atomic layer deposition can maximize the coating effects on elimination of the lattice mismatch to inhibit the structural degradation during cycling. And the delocalized Li2MnO3‐like domain through compositional control can fully prohibit lattice oxygen release from the bulk to improve the thermal stability of electrode. The optimized cathode material exhibits a capacity retention of 94.0% after 200 cycles. A 1.25 Ah multilayer pouch cell with the cathode and graphite anode delivers an outstanding cycling performance that retains 80.4% of its capacity at 0.5 C after 710 cycles. More importantly, the distinguished safety features derived from the method are verified after successfully passing practical‐level thermal safety and nail penetration test.
Mn‐Oxygen Compounds Coordinated Ruthenium Sites with Deprotonated and Low Oxophilic Microenvironments for Membrane Electrolyzer‐Based H2‐Production
Authors: Yang Chengdong , Wu Zihe , Zhao Zhenyang , Gao Yun , Ma Tian , Luo Xianglin , Cheng Chong , Wang Yi , Li Shuang , Zhao Changsheng
Published: June 2023

Among the platinum‐group metals, ruthenium (Ru), with a low water dissociation energy, is considered a promising alternative to substitute Pt for catalyzing hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). However, optimizing the adsorption–desorption energies of H* and OH* intermediates on Ru catalytic sites is extremely desirable but remains challenging. Inspired by the natural catalytic characteristics of Mn‐oxygen complex, this study reports to design Mn‐oxygen compounds coordinated Ru sites (MOC‐Ru) with deprotonated and low oxophilic microenvironments for modulating the adsorption–desorption of H* and OH* to promote HER kinetics. Benefiting from the unique advantages of MOC structures, including weakened HOH bond at interface, electron donation ability, and deprotonation capability, the MOC‐Ru exhibits extremely low overpotential and ultralong stability in both acidic and alkaline electrolytes. Experimental observations and theoretical calculations elucidate that the MOC can accelerate water dissociation kinetics and promote OH* desorption in alkaline conditions and trigger the long‐range H* spillover for H2‐release in acid conditions. The outstanding activity and stability of membrane electrolyzer display that the MOC‐Ru catalyst holds great potential as cathode for H2‐production. This study provides essential insights into the crucial roles of deprotonated and low oxophilic microenvironments in HER catalysis and offers a new pathway to create an efficient water‐splitting cathode.
Large Polaron Conduction, Photoconductivity, and Photochromism in GdOxH3−2x Oxyhydride Thin Films
Authors: Colombi Giorgio , Boshuizen Bart , Chaykina Diana , Hsu Leyi , Schreuders Herman , Savenije Tom J. , Dam Bernard
Published: June 2023

At ambient conditions, rare‐earth oxyhydride thin films show reversible photochromism and photoconductivity, while their mechanism and relation are still unclear. In this work, this question is explored with in situ time‐resolved measurements of both optical and transport properties of Gd‐based oxyhydride thin films. It is found that p‐type large polaron conduction is the initial mechanism of charge transport; however, upon photo‐darkening, a 104‐fold increase of conductivity occurs, and n‐type carriers become dominant. Further, photochromism and photoconductivity are shown to originate from a single process, as indicated by the fact that the photoconductivity is exponentially proportional to the increase of optical absorption. This exponential relation, notably, cannot stem from any of the optically absorbing species thought responsible for photochromism and, therefore, suggests that their formation is accompanied by a concerted increase of negative charge carriers in the Gd oxyhydride films.
Preparation of Novel Heterodimensional Structured Chalcogenide Semiconductor Nano‐Film by Pulsed Laser Deposition Technology
Authors: Gao Dongwen , Wang Li , Su Xueqiong
Published: June 2023

Chalcogenide based nano‐films have attracted considerable attention as a new type of semiconductor material in the fields of optical waveguides, laser devices, and solar cells. However, it remains challenging to use them effectively in a variety of fields, mainly due to their intricate fabrication procedures and limited electrical characteristics. In this study, zinc selenide (ZnSe) is doped with molybdenum (Mo) and gallium (Ga). The heterodimensional structured chalcogenide semiconductor nano‐film is obtained by pulsed laser deposition (PLD). The results of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) confirm that the structure of the nano‐film is compact and the composition is uniformly distributed. The transmittance of all samples is close to 100% in the 400–2000 nm range shown. The P/N type of the film can be controlled by changing the preparation conditions. All the results indicate that the novel heterodimensional structured chalcogenide semiconductor nano‐film in this study has a simple and efficient preparation method, controllable composition, and unique optical/electrical properties. These properties can be used in integrated circuits and photovoltaic power generation.