bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intelligent Autonomous System for Electrical Submersible Well Based on Metalearning Techniques
Authors: Lacret Angel , Camargo Edgar , Mendoza Edwin , Canelon Jose , Lacret Ybeth
Published: August 2024

This work presents an intelligent autonomous system for Petroleum Processes (SAi2P), whose objective is to monitor and supervise wells for artificial lifting of crude oil specifically by electro-submersible pumping (ESP) integrating operational and financial scenarios. Thus, SAi2P will observe, interpret, make decisions, and execute actions that contribute to maintaining the most efficient operating conditions of the BES, seen from the paradigms of autonomic computing, data analytics (AdD), machine learning, and meta-learning. In general terms, the initial result is a practical Computing System (autonomous sub-cycle of the SAi2P, Analysis of the Operational Behavior of the Oil Well (ACo2P)) and functional that initially allows identifying failure patterns in a concise manner and that makes it possible to carry out simulated tests of the BES operation, which would be unfeasible to carry out in an operational environment.
The Utilization of Machine Learning and Deep Learning to Predict Real-Time ESP Well Status
Authors: Alquraini A. H. , Al Sadah H. H. , AlBori M. M. , Al-Kadem M. S.
Published: August 2024

One of the most common, efficient and reliable artificial lift methods used for lifting high volumes of fluids from wellbores is the Electric Submersible Pump (ESP). Thus, monitoring the live status of this ESP is essential to determine whether a well is on stream or off. In this research, a new methodology that utilize advanced Machine Learning (ML) to recognize ESP performance status in real time and provide it to engineers instantaneously.

In this research, the proposed methodology was to develop an intelligent system that consciously monitor ESP sensors and provide a reliable predicted well status to engineers. Firstly, the proposed system actively fetches real-time data from ESP sensors. Secondly, an advanced pool of ML algorithms was created, and trained on historical well status data. Finally, the real-time acquired data are fed to the advanced ML model to automatically identify ESP well status to engineer and notify them in advanced.

After finalizing the advanced ML system, it was evaluated on its performance to accurately predict the real-time status of ESP well and provided system users with targeted results. In addition, performance of the system on extraction, mapping and mitigation attributes were evaluated using ROC-AUC performance matrix. Validating and testing the ML model disclosed a promising outcome scoring accuracy exceeds 98 % which indicated high reliability of the model to accurately predict well status instantaneously. The developed ML system enabled engineers in the office to actively monitor well performance status fast and securely. Moreover, by implementing such a system, significant impact on our operation were achieved leading to cost and time savings. The developed ESP well model enhances the way artificial lift engineers visualize and analyze wells status in real time. It's worth noting that the proposed system lead to fast and substantial improvements in achieving a desired result field wise. Also, the system provides a detailed description and analysis of the well status to engineers.

The developed ESP performance recognition system has achieved significant fiancial and time saving especially in offshore location where a reliable ESP well and field status are critical in decision making saving millions of dollars as well as thousands of engineering hours.
Physics-Informed Reinforcement Learning for Motor Frequency Optimization in Electrical Submersible Pumps: Enhancing AI-Led Decision-Making in Production Optimization
Authors: Abdalla R. , Toumi O. , Gönczi D. , Sidaoui A. , Nikolaev D. , Schweiger A. , Schweiger G.
Published: August 2024

This paper presents a novel approach, Physics-Informed Reinforcement Learning (PIRL), designed to tackle optimization challenges within complex systems. Focusing on oil wells equipped with Electrical Submersible Pumps (ESP), the study aims to enhance decision- making processes by integrating physical principles with reinforcement learning techniques. The primary goal is to optimize motor frequencies for ESPs leading to maximizing production rates, reducing brake horsepower consumption, and ensuring operational efficiency within the Best Efficiency Performance (BEP) range. By leveraging PIRL, this research offers a promising avenue for enhancing productivity and efficiency in oil extraction processes, addressing the limitations of conventional practices, thereby enhancing decision making capabilities in production optimization. Traditionally, a constant frequency is applied over extended periods of time, disregarding variations in reservoir and fluid properties as well as operational field conditions. This approach often leads to suboptimal performance and unnecessary electricity consumption. In contrast, the proposed methodology employs reinforcement learning (RL) to develop a machine learning (ML) model, acting as an advisory system for dynamically adjusting operational frequencies. By continuously evaluating feedback from the system and adhering to operational, field, and reservoir constraints, the proposed framework offers an automated response to changes during the production phase of ESP wells, ultimately enhancing production efficiency and reducing energy consumption.
Performance Evaluation for the Combination of Vortex Desander and Hybrid Sand Flowback Device for use with ESP in the Permian Basin
Authors: Vazhappilly Neil Johnson , Gonzalez Gustavo , Vyas Shivani
Published: August 2024

This paper introduces technologies for handling solids above and below the ESP which increase ESP run time, decreases premature failure by pump plugging or damage, and thus contributes to the reduction of carbon emissions and environmental impact from well in interventions. A hybrid sand flowback device was engineered to allow fluid injection through the tubing while also allowing dissembling the components when pulled out of the hole, providing the operators with valuable information about downhole conditions. A vortex desander run below the ESP processes the majority sand before it enters the ESP pump intake.

The hybrid device used to control the sand above the pump discharge is designed with the fundamental purpose of controlling the sand, to allow injection from the surface through the tubing, and to allow the inspection and repair of its components after retrieval from the well. The sand regulation system permits flow rates up to 15,000 BPD and has handled sand volumes up to 23,000 mg/L (0.19 ppg or 1.44 lbs/cu.ft. or 8.06 lbs/bbl). It also permits an injection rate through the tool up to 8 BPM while maintaining a surface pressure of less than 600 psi. The operational and performance advantages of this device have enabled its successful use in several Permian Basin wells. Artificial lift equipment run time have maintained high values to reduce the frequency of well interventions, as well as the replacement of the pump equipment, thus reducing the carbon footprint. Additionally, ESP sensor variables remained stable to contribute to a higher cumulative production compared to production periods where the pump was off line excessively or under well maintenance because of sand production. Furthermore, each combination tool pulled has been inspected and re-used to maximize the initial investment economics. This innovative technology protects the ESP against solids during shutdown events, allows flushing operations, and is easy to inspect and repair. Aided by use of premium materials with a special assembly system make it a tool for a long useful life.

The successful application of complementary systems helped to extend the run-life of the wells until the ESP needs to be resized to match the reservoir inflow capacity. The sand challenges need to be approached by gathering data starting from expected fluid production (Oil, Water, Gas) and hydraulic fracturing design (frac sand size).

This paper also proposes a new method to mitigate ESP sand problems through the use of a vortex desander comprised of an isolation method and sand control system. The isolation method separate the vortex desander intake from the casing fluid using cup packers, mechanical packers, or shrouds. The sand control portion considers static and dynamic principles of physics whose length, open cross-sectional area, and separation efficiency depend on the particle size distribution, well completion, and fluid characteristics.
Comparison of Power Quality Between Permanent Magnet Motors and Induction Motors with Different Surface Control Types and Configurations
Authors: Yicon Carlos , Kalisek Anthony , Seczon Luis , Gilstrap Seth
Published: August 2024

This paper presents the outcomes of laboratory experiments intended to investigate the power quality of electrical submersible pumps (ESPs) with permanent magnet motors (PMMs) and those with induction motors (IMs). The tests involved two types of variable speed drives (VSDs): regulated DC bus voltage (six-step VSDs) and unregulated DC bus voltage (pulse-width-modulated VSD), with and without input filters, to determine the most effective surface configuration to achieve high power quality related to equipment efficiency.

The objective of this study was to understand the power quality difference between induction and permanent magnet motors; surface configurations and equipment settings (VSD, presence of sine wave filters, harmonic filters, etc.) also play an essential role on power quality. Optimal system efficiency should lead to best pump, motor, and electrical efficiencies to enhance the daily operation and lengthen the overall run time via power quality reliability.

Testing was performed with different motor loads and revolutions per minute (RPMs) on Both types of motor, induction and permanent magnet. Two types of VSDs were tested, one with six steps and the other with a pulse-width-modulated filter (PWM). Notably, these VSDs have various modes to regulate the voltage on the DC bus. Testing also included different scenarios with and without harmonic input filters.
Different-Sized Dual Electrical Submersible Pumps (ESPs) Novel Applications: Sustainable Production and Reduced Carbon Emission
Authors: Aleid M. H. , Alqudaihi H. T.
Published: August 2024

Dual Electrical Submersible Pumps (ESPs) have gained widespread adoption across the oil industry. While current applications are predominated by identical size systems to achieve the sole goal of extended run life, incorporating different-sized systems can open the door for expanded applications and operational benefits. This paper introduces various novel applications of dual ESPs that can lead to sustained production target and minimized carbon footprint.

The procedure includes gathering reservoir, wellbore, and surface network data. Subsequently, simulation models are used to select and evaluate ESP units of varying capacities, leading to an optimized design for enhanced efficiency. The system incorporates non-return valves (NRVs), facilitating seamless alternation between the two systems and eliminating the need for well intervention and associated carbon emissions. Throughout the ESP operation cycle, an integrated reservoir and network surveillance system is essential for continuous monitoring and analysis of data to determine the most efficient system for prevailing conditions.

The comprehensive simulations cover various application scenarios for different-sized ESPs, revealing compelling results such as around 20% reduction in power consumption and a substantial annual cut of around 100-200 metric tons of CO2 emission reduction per system. Furthermore, the study explores the potential application in addressing reservoir parameters uncertainty, showcasing how ESPs of different sizes can offer wider operating ranges. Additional benefits include the ability of dual systems to achieve target rates within maximum allowable network pressures, eliminating the need for surface network upgrades. In conclusion, integrating real-time reservoir data with the novel application of dual ESP illustrates numerous energy and production optimization opportunities.

This study emphasizes the significance of data-driven decision-making to provide a path towards more eco-friendly and efficient ESP applications. Additionally, it offers a robust foundation for enhancing environmental stewardship while maintaining ESP operational excellence.
Evaluating Tubing Completions using High-Resolution Gyro Logs to Improve Rod Pumping Systems Run Life
Authors: Cepeda F. A. , Setiadi B. W. , Alvarez G. A.
Published: August 2024

In some unconventional plays, highlights typically installed following stimulation activities. Production tubulars are designed to flow the well during natural flow period and later accommodate an artificial lift system without a major intervention. To achieve this objective, while maintaining full pressure containment without using high density killing fluids to mitigate induced formation damage and lower costs the ability to manipulate the tubing is limited and with it, the required tubing tension for rod lift operation cannot be obtained with traditional mechanical anchors. This paper describes a systematic process to evaluate the tubing tortuosity using high resolution gyro logs to improve rod pumping operation in wells with different types of anchoring mechanism: Tubing packers, hydraulically set anchors and dynamic set anchors.

With the use of snubbing unit, it is required to contain well pressure during the entire tubing deployment without killing the well, the use of traditional mechanical tubing anchor is not possible. To avoid tubing movement during the rod pumping phase of the well, the tubing string considers hydraulically set tubing anchors estimating that the final tension is primarily based on differential pressures calculation with assumed friction factors. As downhole flowing conditions change over time, inspection of tubing was performed using high resolution gyro in a selected number of wells that were equipped with different types of tubing anchoring or packer mechanism to evaluate the trajectory and optimize the rod string design.

Initial result shows higher tubing buckling than what was initially expected and additional rod-tubing friction during rod lift operation, this additional friction encountered mislead the surface and downhole cards calculation and mask abnormalities in downhole pump behavior. The result of this analysis also highlights that the certain tubing designs are not adequate to achieve the objective of accommodating natural flow and rod pumping system with the same initial tubing installation. Factors such as wellbore trajectory, frictions and temperature play a more significant role in determining final tension profile in the tubing, also dynamic anchoring system in lieu of traditional hydraulic anchor has potential to achieve the objectives, keeping the capability to deploy a suitable tubing design for rod pump at early stage while maintaining full pressure containment.

The novelty of this methodology lies on the analysis of the tubing trajectory at different pressure conditions utilizing high resolution gyro logs and typical data analysis tools to achieve a better representation of the tubing condition over time in order to support the rod lift design and improve future equipment run life
Two Decades of ESP Operations at Cerro Dragon, Argentina: A Comprehensive Case Study
Authors: Guayama D. A. , Traba M. , Orozco M. C. , Teves R. H. , Oyarzún R. A.
Published: August 2024

The Cerro Dragon field in southern Argentina has a large number of wells producing multilayers as the main characteristic of the Golfo San Jorge Basin. When the first ESP was installed, it was done above the perforations to guarantee the correct cooling of the system, but this resulted in not being able to produce the resource optimally. The idea of advancing in depth and between perforations opened a door for shrouds utilization.

The campaign started with less than 50 wells in the first year, today more than 1000 ESPs are running. A large list of improvements has been applied for guaranteeing refrigeration, deeper the ESP to enhance recovery, solids control, pressure loses due to small spaces, etc. The ESP system has evolved to face field requirements. A hundred changes on motor technology has improved rig times and has taken overall energy efficiency to another level. Several lessons have been learned thru the time.

Today, the 10% of the field are considered high run life equipments accumulating more than 2000 days of run (~5.5 years of continuous operation), exposing some assets in the fields with the eldest equipment running reaching almost 8400 days (23 years has been the biggest record). Currently, the average run life is surrounding 1000 days run.

The standard equipment corresponds to 375 series with 4-1/2" shrouds, stablishing clearance as a special factor to be considered for the design and installation, nowadays 95% of the field concentrate this structure. The other 5% corresponds to the bigger equipment (450 series with no shrouds), locating this sizing upper the perforations as a lesson learned.

Cerro Dragon has also been a source of field trials for different technological developments regarding improvements and evolution of the ESP system. Having carried out the first pilot tests for PMM installations, that today reached more than 140 motors installed from this technology.

New challenges appear every day in the industry and Cerro Dragon is not the exception to this rule. The implementation of deep tube for gas handling, non-standard tubes for shrouds, operating temperature near the limits, development of high temperature sensors, coatings for pumps, algorithms to detect scales, 103 improvements in motors, long ESP strings with multi-tandem, are just a few to mention in the list of novel applications used.
Analysis of Gas-Liquid Flow in Static Centrifugal Downhole Separators Through CFD
Authors: Ojeda L. C. Osorio , Karami Hamidreza , Olubode M.
Published: August 2024

A downhole separator is an equipment placed before an artificial lift pump, which increases the pump run time by separating the fluids and only sending the liquid to the pump. Understanding the fluid dynamics inside this apparatus entails an engineering challenge necessary to evaluate its efficiency. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations are applied in this study to characterize the performance of a centrifugal static downhole separator. This separator is suggested to be used upstream of the sucker rod pumps, performing best under 700 BPD. Transient multiphase simulations were run using ANSYS Fluent 2023 in a fluid domain using a mesh with 152,446 elements. The fluid domain simulates a static centrifugal separator. The mesh was selected after a grid independence study. The turbulence is modeled using the Realizable k-epsilon with an enhanced wall treatment model for the swirling motion inside the separator. The multiphase flow is modeled using a Euler-Euler approach with the Eulerian model and a particle size of 0.001 m. Different boundary conditions are used for the simulations with fixed-velocity inlets and fixed-pressure outlets.

The simulations were conducted with an inlet gas void fraction of 0.45 and varying outlet pressures. Cases were simulated with both water and oil as the liquid phase. Eddies or vortexes were formed in certain corners of the separator, prompting re-design opportunities to minimize turbulence inside the separator. Additionally, eddies were observed in the separator's top outlet as the fluids were expelled at high velocities from the helical section to the annulus. The gas-liquid flow was studied inside the helical paths through pressure, volume fraction, and velocity contours. In most cases, an average of 90% of the liquid was expelled through the bottom outlet, while 80% of the gas left the fluid domain through the top outlet, which displays good efficiency. The importance of optimizing the casing-tubing pressure difference was verified for the correct convergence of the cases and ideal separation. For example, with the optimum casing-tubing pressure difference control at a GVF of 0.45, 98.3% of the liquid left the domain through the bottom into the tubing, while 85% of the gas left through the top and to the casing.

Due to the conventionally high simulation times, CFD simulations of downhole separators are limited in the open literature. However, due to CFD's improved computation and modeling capabilities, it has recently gained popularity. This study’s simulations can provide invaluable insights into liquid-gas flow in downhole separators and help to optimize their designs.
Determination of Annulus Dynamic Liquid Level from the Motor Current Sensor of Rod Pumps-Real Time Monitoring System (RTMS) at Oil Fields of Mehsana Asset
Authors: Chanchlani K. , Rajak H. , Devshali S. , Gunwant D. , Gogoi R. , Dadhich J.
Published: August 2024

The acoustic method with echo sounder is used to determine the annulus liquid level in the rod pumping systems installed at different onshore fields of Mehsana Asset. The limitation is difficulty in finding the pumped off well among the huge population of rod lift systems on day-to-day basis. The motor current sensor of the RTMS can be used to determine real time dynamic annulus liquid level, with five cases validating the efficacy of this innovation. The current sensor of the RTMS is the important tool in the analyzing the subsurface pump condition. Real time power in the three phases is calculated from the real time current. Power can be used to determine the torque requirements of the system. For counterbalanced pumping unit, the net torque per pumping stroke corresponds to the buoyed weight of the sucker rods plus one half of the fluid load. The annulus liquid level is calculated from the pump intake pressure. The paper will describe the mathematical model with assumptions to determine the annulus liquid level from the real time current. The annulus dynamic liquid levels were determined through the mathematical model. This model will also provide real time fluid load and pump intake pressure to the operator for balanced pumping units having current withdrawal above 20A. The maximum difference in annulus liquid level between field equipment and mathematical model is around 75m with reasonable accuracy of 90%. Accuracy for pumped off wells increases to 96%. Accuracy will further improve with calibration of motor current sensors and determination of the surface unit operating parameters.
Downhole Peristaltic Pumps as a New Artificial Lift System for Oil and Gas Wells
Authors: Romero Danny J. Perez
Published: August 2024

A new/patented production optimization technology is presented proposing the use of downhole peristaltic pumps as a new artificial lift system for oil and gas wells.

The new approach, conceptualized by Perez Romero in 2017 and patented in 2020, is based on the principle of Peristalsis with wave-like movements on a flexible conduit pumping wellbore fluids from underground reservoirs to surface. This is achieved with the radial compression of a hose by pressurized fluid pumped from surface through smaller diameter tubing adjacent to the production string installed in the well, and its subsequent expansion when reducing pressure in the downhole pump hydraulic chamber(s). A support in U-shape between the hose and the downhole pump housing is required to prevent the hose from bending, promote radial compression of the hose also in U-shape, and displace fluids from intake to discharge.

The use of peristaltic pumps as reference for the new pumping system enabled the conceptualization of a simple downhole solution with capability to handle sandy production, no gas interference, no rod string moving along the well, no downhole electric motor, potential to handle high deviation well profiles, and initial lifting/pumping potential of 200-500 barrels of liquid per day.
Modelos para comparação entre Sistemas de Relações de Trabalho de diferentes países: uma discussão sobre a literatura internacional
Authors: Carvalho Neto Antonio , Abreu Gustavo Veloso de , Lima Cleidh Maia
Published: August 2024

Embora o campo de estudos em Relações de Trabalho no Brasil tenha nascido junto com a própria ANPAD – Associação Nacional de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa em Administração -, ainda são, por um lado, muito raras as contribuições relativas aos modelos usados para comparar Sistemas de Relações de Trabalho (SRTs) de diferentes países na literatura brasileira. Por outro lado, modelos para comparar SRTs de diferentes países estão bastante presentes e podem ser considerados tradicionais na literatura internacional de Relações de Trabalho produzida na Europa, EUA, Austrália e, mais recentemente, na Ásia. Este trabalho apresenta a trajetória das teorias dos SRTs e o debate em torno delas, desde os fundadores deste campo nos EUA e Inglaterra até chegar ao modelo VoC – Variedades de Capitalismo, um modelo que vem sendo muito utilizado internacionalmente. A crítica a este modelo VoC, composto inicialmente por duas vertentes, a liberal e a regulada, por ser excessivamente centrado nos países mais industrializados, gerou outras vertentes dentro do VoC, como a denominada Modelo Hierárquico de Capitalismo (HME). Esta vertente HME é aqui entendida como um possível modelo de partida para a análise dos SRTs latino-americanos, dentre eles o brasileiro, ainda que esta variante também tenha sofrido críticas, que, no entendimento deste artigo, não inviabiliza sua utilização.
Análise processual do gerenciamento para a mudança: estudo em uma instituição de ensino
Authors: Cançado Vera L. , Lima Juvêncio Braga de , Mendonça Aline Soares Amaral Baeta
Published: August 2024

O objetivo deste artigo foi analisar como os agentes – gestores e funcionários – vivenciaram a mudança em uma instituição de ensino, a partir da pandemia da Covid-19. Para esta análise, foi elaborado um quadro de referência que considera a junção entre o Framework 5M de Badham (manter-se atento, mobilizar, mapear, usar máscaras e mirar) e a abordagem processual da mudança estratégica de Pettigrew (o porquê mudar - contexto, o quê mudar - conteúdo e o como mudar - processo). Foi realizado estudo de caso qualitativo, de caráter descritivo e explicativo, em uma instituição de ensino aqui denominada Beta. Os dados foram coletados por meio de 12 entrevistas narrativas com gestores e funcionários da Beta; e foram analisados por meio da técnica de análise de conteúdo categorial, utilizando o software NVivo. Os resultados indicaram que a mudança ocorreu em três fases – o fechamento e ensino online; o modelo híbrido de ensino; e o retorno ao ‘novo normal’. Para fazer frente aos desafios, à complexidade e ao caos, a união e coesão do grupo para vencer um ‘inimigo comum’ – a pandemia – foi preponderante. O compartilhamento de soluções, bem como das dores e dos sofrimentos, foi construído de forma criativa e flexível, sintonizando as dificuldades enfrentadas com estratégias de apoio, aconselhamento e liderança. Este estudo permitiu a elaboração de um referencial teórico a partir da junção das duas abordagens propostas, denominado Análise Processual do Gerenciamento para a Mudança.
Manajemen Sarana dan Prasarana dalam Peningkatan Kualitas Pembelajaran
Authors: Kholifah Eling Retno , Sholihah Baqiyatush
Published: August 2024

Tujuan Penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui manajemen sarana dan prasarana dan implikasinya di Madrasah Aliyah An-Nur Tangkit Muaro Jambi. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah kualitatif deskriptif. Hasil Penelitian menunjukan bahwa (1) Manajemen saran dan prasarana di Madrasah Aliyah An-Nur Tangkit dimulai dari perencanaan, pengadaan, inventarisasi, pemeliharaan, dan penghapusan sarana dan prasarana. Pelaksanaan manajemen sarana dan prasarana dilaksanakan oleh oleh kepala madrasah, waka sarana dan prasarana, serta staf Madrasah Aliyah An-Nur. Pelaksanaan manajemen sarana dan prasarana di Madrasah Aliyah An-Nur sudah berjalan optimal namun, masih membutuhkan pengembangan lagi khususnya dalam kegiatan inventarisasi sarana dan prasarana. (2) Implikasi dari manajemen sarana dan prasarana, yakni: membantu guru dalam penyampaian materi, memudahkan siswa dan siswi dalam pemahaman materi dan meluluskan siswa dan siswi yang berprestasi.
Physicochemical and microbial quality of bottled drinking water sold in Embakasi Central, Nairobi, Kenya
Authors: Magut Gloria , Bukania Zipporah , Kikuvi Gideon M. , Ndemwa Phillip , Marks Sara J.
Published: August 2024

Bottled drinking water is among the fastest-growing options for seemingly safe drinking water in low- and middle-income countries. However, comprehensive water quality information is rarely made available to consumers. The objective of this study was to assess the physicochemical and microbial quality of bottled drinking water at the point of sale in Embakasi Central sub-county, Nairobi County. Using a cross-sectional study design, we assessed eight bottled water brands purchased from local retail outlets (n = 158 bottles). Laboratory analysis was conducted to assess a range of parameters, including Escherichia coli, heterotrophic bacteria, lead, nitrite, nitrate, fluoride, and pH. Across all bottles sampled, 12% exceeded the national standards for microbial safety (detectable E. coli) and 3% presented a high risk to health (>10 colony forming units per/100 mL for E. coli). Select brands were frequently contaminated, with all samples of Brand 5 having elevated fluoride levels. Overall, one in four samples exceeded national standards for contaminants of public health concern. These findings reveal the poor quality of bottled drinking water in a suburb of Nairobi, presenting risks to consumers. There is a need to strengthen risk management and oversight of water packaging facilities in this setting.
Enhancing real-time flood forecasting and warning system by integrating ensemble techniques and hydrologic model simulations
Authors: Patel Anant , Yadav S. M. , Teegavarapu Ramesh
Published: August 2024

Flooding poses a severe threat to communities and infrastructure worldwide, which requires advanced flood forecasting warning systems. In this research paper, a real-time flood forecasting and warning system for the Dharoi Dam in the state of Gujarat, India is developed. This novel system combines ensemble techniques and hydrological modeling simulations to enhance flood prediction accuracy and provides a timely warning. The study focuses on critical gaps in the current flood forecasting capabilities, recognizes the need for improved flood management in the region, and builds upon the existing research conducted globally and in India. The real-time flood forecasting and warning system uses information from various sources such as rainfall, river flows, and water level observations. The system enhances the accuracy of flood forecasts with a 1–5-day lead time by utilizing ensemble techniques, which incorporate multiple models and their corresponding forecasts. The 2-day and 3-day lead times combined with postprocessing techniques yield excellent results, as evidenced by the reservoir inflow correlation value of 0.86 and the receiver operating characteristic-area under the curve (ROC-AUC) value of 0.93. This work aims to reduce the impact of floods in this region and can be used by decision-makers as a disaster management tool.
Comparative kinetic study of Pb(II) and Cd(II) metal ions removal from aqueous solutions by Lactobacillus helveticus, Limosilactobacillus fermentum, and Lactiplantibacillus pentosus
Authors: Amiri Mohammad Javad , Hashemi Seyed Mohammad Bagher , Conte Francesca Laura
Published: August 2024

In this study, selected lactic acid bacteria, including Lactobacillus helveticus, Limosilactobacillus fermentum, and Lactiplantibacillus pentosus, were evaluated for their potential to remove Pb(II) and Cd(II) ions from aqueous solutions. The highest removal efficiency was achieved at a pH value of 4. Kinetic modeling using the pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, and intraparticle diffusion models demonstrated that the intraparticle diffusion model provided the best fit for describing the adsorption process. The results of the study indicated that among the three bacteria tested, L. fermentum exhibited the highest maximum adsorption capacity for Pb(II) at 4.95 mg g−1, followed by L. helveticus at 4.91 mg g−1 and L. pentosus at 4.08 mg g−1. In contrast, for Cd(II) adsorption, L. helveticus showed the highest maximum adsorption capacity at 4.38 mg g−1, followed by L. pentosus at 3.45 mg g−1 and L. fermentum at 2.86 mg g−1. The mechanism of Pb(II) and Cd(II) ions removal by LAB strains involves adsorption onto the bacterial cell surfaces, where interactions such as ion exchange, electrostatic attraction, and complexation play crucial roles. Overall, L. helveticus, L. fermentum, and L. pentosus hold promising potential for various applications in wastewater treatment, particularly in the removal of heavy metal ions.
Application of Pediococcus acidilactici BK01 Microencapsulated Starter on Nutritional and Organoleptic Value of Sweet Potato Flour (Ipomoea batatas L.) Fermented Milk
Authors: Supadil Doni , Melia Sri , Juliyarsi Indri
Published: August 2024

Probiotics are live microorganisms that benefit to the body's health. One of which is Pediococcus acidilactici BK01, which is used as a microencapsulated starter in the manufacture of fermented milk.  This study aimed to determine the effect of adding several types of sweet potato flour (Ipomoea batatas L.) on the nutritional and organoleptic values of fermented milk. The research method used is an experimental method using a Randomized Group Design. The treatments were the addition of several types of sweet potato flour (Factor A): A1 (white sweet potato), A2 (purple sweet potato), C1 (yellow sweet potato), and the percentage of sweet potato addition (Factor B): B1 (0%), B2 (3%), B3 (6%). The results showed that the addition of sweet potato flour at different percentages had an effect (p < 0.05) on moisture content, protein content, fat content, and sensory value.  The conclusion of this study is that fermented milk with the addition of 6% purple sweet potato (A2B3) is a treatment that can be accepted by organoleptic panelists with 84.27% moisture content, 5.67% protein content, 1.59% fat content. For the future, the results of this study are expected that fermented milk with the addition of sweet potato can increase nutritional value and be used as a functional food that is beneficial for health.
Improvement of Physicochemical Properties of Cheese Whey Edible Film through Egg White Addition
Authors: Wulandari Afiza , Juliyarsi Indri , Melia Sri
Published: August 2024

This study aims to develop and characterize cheese whey edible film with egg white addition as an environmentally friendly packaging. Whey, a byproduct of the cheese-making process, is rich in nutrients but has not been optimally utilized. This study uses a randomized block design with 4 treatments: no egg white addition (control), and the addition of 1.5%, 3%, and 4.5% egg white, each with 5 repetitions. The results show that the addition of egg white significantly increases the thickness, solubility  time, water vapor transmission rate and protein content (p < 0.05) but has no significant effect on water content (p > 0.05). The thickness of the edible film ranges from 0.149 to 0.242 mm, solubility time from 53 to 109 seconds, water vapor transmission rate from 4.91 to 7.04 g/mm²/day, moisture content from 16.85% to 21.10%, protein content from 4.62% to 9.57%, and elongation from 30.55% to 36.90%. Based on research, adding B (1.5%) to egg whites produces the best treatment. This study demonstrates that the combination of whey and egg white can produce edible films with good physical and chemical characteristics, which can be used as an alternative packaging for food products, reducing plastic usage, and increasing the economic value of whey and egg white as waste products.
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF 16 WEEKS PHYSICAL EXERCISE ON BODY COMPOSITION, STRESS LEVEL, AND FITNESS STATUS IN COLLEGE STUDENTS
Authors: Nabillah Azry Ayu , Safei Imam , Tarigan Boy Sembaba , Lestari Erny Amalia , Ramadhani Africo
Published: August 2024

The density of academic schedules, academic tasks, lifestyle changes, and social pressures often color students' experiences, which can make them vulnerable to various health problems. One of the main issues faced by students is unhealthy changes in body composition, high stress levels, and the risk of cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of physical exercise on body composition, stress levels, and cardiovascular health in students. This research method employs an experimental approach with a pretest-posttest without control group design. The total subjects in this study were 600 students (300 males and 300 females), with an average age of 18.92 ± 4.79 years, weight of 56.05 ± 12.08 kg, and height of 163.91 ± 8.24 cm. The results of this study provide evidence that physical exercise performed for 16 weeks can help improve fitness status, maintain ideal body composition, and have an impact on reducing stress levels in students. Thus, this physical exercise program can be recommended for all students and educators, especially in the field of sports, to maintain students' fitness and mental health in the college environment.Padatnya jadwal perkuliahan, tugas akademik, perubahan gaya hidup, dan tekanan sosial seringkali mewarnai pengalaman mahasiswa, hal ini dapat menyebabkan mereka rentan terhadap berbagai masalah kesehatan. Salah satu masalah utama yang dihadapi oleh mahasiswa adalah perubahan komposisi tubuh yang tidak sehat, tingkat stres yang tinggi, dan risiko penyakit kardiovaskular. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menginvestigasi efektivitas latihan fisik terhadap komposisi tubuh, tingkat stres, dan kardiovaskular pada mahasiswa. Metode Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimental dengan pendekatan pretest-posttest without control group design. Total subjek dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 600 mahasiswa (300 laki-laki dan 300 perempuan). rata-rata usia 18.92 ± 4.79 tahun, berat badan 56.05 ± 12.08  kg, dan tinggi badan 163.91 ± 8.24 cm. Hasil penelitian ini memberikan bukti bahwa latihan fisik yang dilakukan selama 16 minggu dapat membantu meningkatkan status kebugaran  (VO2Max, p=0.001), menjaga komposisi tubuh agar tetap ideal (berat badan, p=0.512) serta berpengaruh terhadap penurunan tingkat stress pada mahasiswa (PSS, p=0.001). Dengan demikian program latihan fisik ini dapat dijadikan sebagai rekomendasi bagi semua mahasiswa maupun tenaga pengajar khususnya di bidang olahraga dalam menjaga kebugaran dan kesehatan mental mahasiswa dilingkungan perguruan tinggi
Infrastructure communication: A systematic literature review
Authors: Widianingrum Ratna , Wahyuni Hermin Indah , Rahayu
Published: August 2024

In the last few decades, research on communication and development has developed due to the emergence of many development theories in third-world countries. This research aims to determine the research trends in the infrastructure sector from a communication perspective and identify gaps. Papers were selected based on specific words relevant to the issue of development communication and infrastructure communication throughout Indonesia. A total of 33 papers from international and national journals were analyzed to find several paper themes, and analyzed based on categories that emerged from these themes. The analysis results showed that there were only four papers still dominated by development communication. This study also identified gaps in the literature on infrastructure communication, especially those using Niklas Luhmann's Communication Theory. This systematic research (Systematic Literature Review) used the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis) method in which, as found, there has been no research on the theme of infrastructure in the field of communication science specifically looking at how it occurs or how communication on infrastructure communication itself really is. It is important to see the infrastructure problem entirely and cross-sectional subject in a unified system - not as the pieces of events in one research object/area. An understanding of communication issues in infrastructure development will make it easier for various parties to determine future communication.
How South Korea's waste management system becomes a model for the world: What Indonesia can learn from South Korea's experience
Authors: Yumitro Gonda , Oktaviani Sukma , Deniar Shannaz Mutiara
Published: August 2024

This article explores South Korea's waste management system, focusing on effective food waste management, a key factor contributing to the country's overall success in waste management. The effectiveness of the South Korean system has made it a case study model for government officials in other countries. This article uses qualitative methods, relying on journal references from the Scopus database, with additional references obtained through Harzing's Publish or Perish. The data analysis was conducted using VOSviewer, an application designed to visualize keywords across all the compiled references. The findings show that South Korea's renowned efficient waste management system focuses on key aspects such as Government Initiatives, Waste Segregation, Pay-as-You-Throw System, Recycling Facilities, Waste-to-Energy Plants, Public Awareness and Education, as well as Enforcement and Penalties. Indonesia needs to explore and adopt several initiatives and strategies for efficiently managing various types of waste. This imperative arises particularly in light of the UNEP Food Waste Index 2021 report, which reveals that Indonesia has emerged as the Southeast Asian country with the highest food waste production.
Resilience mechanisms of social enterprises in times of crisis
Authors: Utama Radikal Yuda , Bhatt Babita
Published: August 2024

Unlike typical organizations, social enterprises are considered inherently vulnerable in view of their integration of two distinct institutional logics: economic and social. This duality, however, also positions social enterprises as a crucial societal agent, particularly in Indonesia, for addressing any intricate social issues. In turn, this research aims to examine the challenges, resilience sources, and strategies that social enterprises employ to maintain resilience during crises. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with five social enterprise founders and utilize the framework analysis technique to analyze data collected. Data triangulation was achieved by supplementing interview data with secondary sources, including reports, websites, and social media from all participants. The study identified two primary resilience sources: internal and external factors. Notably, the resilience process can be articulated through four mechanisms: social imprinting, community dynamics, weak ties, and Gotong Royong (mutual cooperation). This research aims to contribute to the theoretical understanding of social enterprise resilience and relationships, while also offering practical insights for social enterprises to enhance their resilience.
The “Magical Theory” of AI in Medicine: Thematic Narrative Analysis (Preprint)
Authors: Lorenzini Giorgia , Arbelaez Ossa Laura , Milford Stephen , Elger Bernice Simone , Shaw David Martin , De Clercq Eva
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND

The discourse surrounding medical artificial intelligence (AI) often focuses on narratives that either hype the technology’s potential or predict dystopian futures. AI narratives have a significant influence on the direction of research, funding, and public opinion and thus shape the future of medicine.

OBJECTIVE

The paper aims to offer critical reflections on AI narratives, with a specific focus on medical AI, and to raise awareness as to how people working with medical AI talk about AI and discharge their “narrative responsibility.”

METHODS

Qualitative semistructured interviews were conducted with 41 participants from different disciplines who were exposed to medical AI in their profession. The research represents a secondary analysis of data using a thematic narrative approach. The analysis resulted in 2 main themes, each with 2 other subthemes.

RESULTS

Stories about the AI-physician interaction depicted either a competitive or collaborative relationship. Some participants argued that AI might replace physicians, as it performs better than physicians. However, others believed that physicians should not be replaced and that AI should rather assist and support physicians. The idea of excessive technological deferral and automation bias was discussed, highlighting the risk of “losing” decisional power. The possibility that AI could relieve physicians from burnout and allow them to spend more time with patients was also considered. Finally, a few participants reported an extremely optimistic account of medical AI, while the majority criticized this type of story. The latter lamented the existence of a “magical theory” of medical AI, identified with techno-solutionist positions.

CONCLUSIONS

Most of the participants reported a nuanced view of technology, recognizing both its benefits and challenges and avoiding polarized narratives. However, some participants did contribute to the hype surrounding medical AI, comparing it to human capabilities and depicting it as superior. Overall, the majority agreed that medical AI should assist rather than replace clinicians. The study concludes that a balanced narrative (that focuses on the technology’s present capabilities and limitations) is necessary to fully realize the potential of medical AI while avoiding unrealistic expectations and hype.