bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A genome‐wide study of gastric intramucosal neoplasia based on somatic copy number alterations, gene mutations, and mRNA expression patterns
Authors: Koike Yoshihiko , Osakabe Mitsumasa , Sugimoto Ryo , Uesugi Noriyuku , Matsumoto Takayuki , Suzuki Hiromu , Yanagawa Naoki , Sugai Tamotsu
Published: March 2024

We performed comprehensive analyses of somatic copy number alterations (SCNAs) and gene expression profiles of gastric intramucosal neoplasia (IMN) using array‐based methods in 97 intestinal‐type IMNs, including 39 low‐grade dysplasias (LGDs), 37 high‐grade dysplasias (HGDs), and 26 intramucosal carcinomas (IMCs) with stromal invasion of the lamina propria to identify the molecular mechanism of IMN. In addition, we examined gene mutations using gene panel analyses. We used cluster analyses for exclusion of arbitrariness to identify SCNA patterns and expression profiles. IMNs were classified into two distinct subgroups (subgroups 1 and 2) based on SCNA patterns. Subgroup 1 showed a genomic stable pattern due to the low frequency of SCNAs, whereas subgroup 2 exhibited a chromosomal instability pattern due to the high frequencies of SCNAs and TP53 mutations. Interestingly, although the frequencies of LGD and HGD were significantly higher in subgroup 1 than in subgroup 2, IMC was commonly found in both types. Although the expression profiles of specific mRNAs could be used to categorise subgroups 1 and 2, no clinicopathological findings correlated with either subgroup. We examined signalling pathways specific to subgroups 1 and 2 to identify the association of each subgroup with signalling pathways based on gene ontology tree visualisation: subgroups 1 and 2 were associated with haem metabolism and chromosomal instability, respectively. These findings reveal a comprehensive genomic landscape that highlights the molecular complexity of IMNs and provide a road map to facilitate our understanding of gastric IMNs.
Decoding the effects of varied peer victimization forms on depression and anxiety among Chinese adolescents: An exploration through latent transition analysis
Authors: Wang Xinning , Zhao Weiguo , Li Jiazheng , Mo Linli , Jiang Wenning , Peng Manman
Published: March 2024

This study aims to examine co‐occurrence patterns of depression and anxiety among Chinese adolescents and their associations with various forms of peer victimization. We collected longitudinal data from 1005 middle school students using the Multidimensional Peer Victimization Scale, Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale, and State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory. Then we conducted latent profile analysis, latent transition analysis, and logistic regression analysis. The results reveal the presence of three depression‐anxiety profiles among participants: low depression‐anxiety group, moderate depression‐anxiety group, and high depression‐anxiety group. As verbal and relational victimization increase, adolescents are more likely to transition to a higher level of depression‐anxiety profile. However, an increase in physical and property victimization predicts a transition to a lower level of depression‐anxiety profile. The diverse effects resulting from different forms of victimization exhibit gender differences. For boys, an increase in relational victimization made participants in the moderate depression‐anxiety group more likely to transition to the high depression‐anxiety group, whereas this effect was not significant among girls. This study is theoretically significant for understanding the link between depression, anxiety, and their influencing factors. It suggests that educators, while addressing verbal and relational harm in adolescents, should reconsider the potential impact of physical and property harm. Opportunities to transform negative events into positive ones should be explored. Educators should tailor their focus based on gender, with a particular emphasis on addressing relational harm among male students. This underscores the need for differentiated approaches to effectively support students.
A Novel Approach for Mixed‐Methods Research Using Large Language Models: A Report Using Patients’ Perspectives on Barriers to Arthroplasty
Authors: Mannstadt Insa , Goodman Susan M. , Rajan Mangala , Young Sarah R. , Wang Fei , Navarro‐Millán Iris , Mehta Bella
Published: March 2024

Objective

Mixed‐methods research is valuable in health care to gain insights into patient perceptions. However, analyzing textual data from interviews can be time‐consuming and require multiple analysts for investigator triangulation. This study aims to explore a novel approach to investigator triangulation in mixed‐methods research by employing a large language model (LLM) for analyzing data from patient interviews.

Methods

This study compared the thematic analysis and survey generation performed by human investigators and ChatGPT‐4, which uses GPT‐4 as its backbone model, using data from an existing study that explored patient perceptions of barriers to arthroplasty. The human‐ and ChatGPT‐4–generated themes and surveys were compared and evaluated based on their representation of salient themes from a predetermined topic guide.

Results

ChatGPT‐4 generated analogous dominant themes and a comprehensive corresponding survey as the human investigators but in significantly less time. The survey questions generated by ChatGPT‐4 were less precise than those developed by human investigators. The mixed‐methods flowchart proposes integrating LLMs and human investigators as a supplementary tool for the preliminary thematic analysis of qualitative data and survey generation.

Conclusion

By utilizing a combination of LLMs and human investigators through investigator triangulation, researchers may be able to conduct more efficient mixed‐methods research to better understand patient perspectives. Ethical and qualitative implications of using LLMs should be considered.
CDC: 23% increase in deaths from excessive drinking
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: March 2024

There was a 23% increase in deaths from excessive alcohol use from 2018–2019 to 2020–2021, the federal Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reported in the Feb. 29 issue of the CDC's Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. This compares to a 5% increase that occurred from 2016–2017 to 2018–2019. The researchers attributed the increase to the availability of alcohol in many states during the pandemic, which at its peak saw policies that expanded alcohol carry‐out and delivery to homes, and places that sold alcohol for off‐premises consumption. The purpose of these policies was to limit transmission of the COVID‐19 virus.
Enhanced Transport Kinetics of Electrochromic Devices by W18O49 NW/Ti3C2Tx Composite Films
Authors: Hassan Muhammad , Ghaffar Abdul , Lou Gang , Miao Ziang , Peng Zhengchun , Celebi Kemal
Published: March 2024

Electrochromic devices can facilitate the realization of a wide set of future applications, ranging from energy‐saving windows to smart wearables and stealth. Historically, tungsten oxides have been the most studied materials for electrochromism, albeit with bottlenecks like limited conductivity, high charge transport barrier, and low ion diffusivity. Here, inspired by the recent MXene materials, the study has engineered an electrochromic composite of MXene nanosheets (Ti3C2Tx) and W18O49 nanowires (NWs). A transparent conductive electrode is fabricated by co‐assembly of Ag and W18O49NWs, followed by depositing W18O49 NW/Ti3C2Tx layers for the fabrication of the electrochromic device. The incorporation of Ti3C2Tx nanosheets enhances the transport of electrons and ions within the electrochromic layer, leading to a significant improvement in the electrochromic performance. Noteworthily, the film structure comprising 15 layers of W18O49 NW/Ti3C2Tx composite reveals enhanced transmittance modulation (61%), rapid response time (4.5 s coloration, 6.5 s bleaching), and high coloration efficiency (139.1 cm2 C−1). Moreover, the electrode also presents a high diffusion coefficient of Li+ and good cycling stability (96.66% after 250 switching cycles). Finally, a large‐scale (15 × 20 cm2) flexible electrochromic device with a solid electrolyte is successfully fabricated and utilized as a smart window and a flexible stealth patch.
First Advanced Bilayer Scaffolds for Tailored Skin Tissue Engineering Produced via Electrospinning and Melt Electrowriting
Authors: Girard Fabien , Lajoye Caroline , Camman Marie , Tissot Nicolas , Berthelot Pedurand Florence , Tandon Biranche , Moedder Denise , Liashenko Ievgenii , Salameh Sacha , Dalton Paul D. , Rielland Maïté
Published: March 2024

In vitro skin models are validated methods for screening cosmetics and pharmaceuticals, but still have limitations. The bilayer poly(ε‐caprolactone) scaffold/membrane model described here overcomes some of these deficits by integrating a solution electrospun (SES) membrane at the dermoepidermal interface and a melt electrowritten (MEW) scaffold that provides an optimal open‐pore environment for the dermis. To the knowledge, this scaffold/membrane model is the only one capable of creating a properly differentiated, full thickness skin model with neosynthesized extracellular matrix (ECM) in only 18 days. Both the wavy and straight fiber scaffold designs create a well‐organized dermis, but dermal collagen organization differs between designs. Adding cells and vitamin C to the scaffolds improves the mechanical properties to more closely mimic native human skin. These findings establish bicomponent scaffolds as a promising advancement for rapidly creating different skin models with varied properties. The versatility and adaptability of the described model can be used for studying how the biological and physical microenvironment impact skin, and testing dermo‐cosmetics and pharmaceutical treatments on different ages of skin. Furthermore, it can be an excellent new tool for studying wound healing and development into its use as a graft or wound dressing is ongoing.
Enhanced Piezoelectric Energy Harvester by Employing Freestanding Single‐Crystal BaTiO3 Films in PVDF‐TrFE Based Composites
Authors: Peng Ruobo , Zhang Butong , Dong Guohua , Wang Yinghui , Yang Guannan , Zhang Jie , Peng Bin , Zhao Yanan , Liu Ming
Published: March 2024

Advancements in wearable electronics and Internet of Things (IoT) sensors have catalyzed the need for effective micro‐energy harvesting. Piezoelectric nanogenerators (PENGs) are ideal due to their high conversion efficiency and durability. However, the contrast between the high piezoelectric coefficients of brittle inorganic ceramics and the  lower coefficients of superior flexibility and biocompatibility of organic polymers poses a significant challenge. This work introduces a novel multilayer composite PENG, integrating a single‐crystal BaTiO3 (BTO) film between poly(vinylidene fluoride‐co‐trifluoroethylene) (PVDF‐TrFE) layers. The PVDF‐TrFE/BTO/PVDF‐TrFE PENGs demonstrate substantially improved energy harvesting performance, with outputs reaching up to 15.1 V, 2.39 µA, and power density of 17.33 µW cm−2 during bending deformation. This power density represents a significant increase compared to pure PVDF‐TrFE and nanoparticle BTO‐doped PVDF‐TrFE PENGs. Durability tests show consistent performance, with a stable ∼15.0 V output across 2000 bending cycles. Additionally, when attached to the human body, these PENGs efficiently convert body motions into electrical responses. This work demonstrates a significant enhancement in the performance of PENGs using sandwich‐structured composite of PVDF‐TrFE and freestanding single‐crystal BTO films, showing its potential to address the power requirements of wearable and flexible electronic devices.
Triboelectric‐Responsive Drug Delivery Hydrogel for Accelerating Infected Wound Healing
Authors: Qin Xuan , Shi Haoliang , Wen Zhen , Chu Binbin , Li Hongyang , Wang Houyu , He Yao , Sun Xuhui
Published: March 2024

Electrotherapy is of great interest in the field of tissue repair as an effective, well‐tolerated, and noninvasive treatment. Triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) has shown advantages in promoting wound healing due to its peak output characteristic and low Joule heating effect. However, it is limited in infected wound healing due to poor antimicrobial capacity. Here, a wearable triboelectric stimulator (WTS) is developed that consists of a flexible TENG (F‐TENG) and a triboelectric‐responsive drug delivery hydrogel (TR‐DDH) for healing of bacterium‐infected wounds. F‐TENG can generate pulsed current to wounds by converting mechanical energy from body movements. Polypyrrole is prone to reduction and volume contraction under electrical stimulation, resulting in desorption of curcumin nanoparticles (CUR NPs) from the polypyrrole in TR‐DDH. Therefore, the highly efficient and controllable release of CUR NPs can be achieved by triboelectric stimulation. According to the in vitro and in vivo experiments, WTS has the greatest antimicrobial effect and the fastest promotion of infected wound healing compared to treatment with electrical stimulation or curcumin. Finally, the safety assessment demonstrates that the WTS has excellent tissue safety for chronic wound healing. Synergistic therapy with WTS provides an efficient strategy for chronic wound healing and smart‐responsive drug delivery systems.
Rationally Designed Benzobisthiadiazole‐Based Covalent Organic Framework for High‐Performance NIR‐II Fluorescence Imaging‐Guided Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Zhang Xian , Dou You , Liu Shuang , Chen Peiyao , Wen Yating , Li Junrong , Sun Yao , Zhang Ruiping
Published: March 2024

Although being applied as photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy, covalent organic frameworks (COFs) fail the precise fluorescence imaging in vivo and phototherapy in deep‐tissue, due to short excitation/emission wavelengths. Herein, this work proposes the first example of NIR‐II emissive and benzobisthiadiazole‐based COF‐980. Comparing to its ligands, the structure of COF‐980 can more efficiently reducing the energy gap (ΔES1‐T1) between the excited state and the triplet state to enhance photodynamic therapy efficiency. Importantly, COF‐980 demonstrates high photostability, good anti‐diffusion property, superior reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation efficiency, promising imaging ability, and ROS production in deep tissue (≈8 mm). Surprisingly, COF‐980 combined with laser irradiation could trigger larger amount of intracellular ROS to high efficiently induce cancer cell death. Notably, COF‐980 NPs precisely enable PDT guided by NIR‐II fluorescence imaging that effectively inhibit the 4T1 tumor growth with negligible adverse effects. This study provides a universal approach to developing long‐wavelength emissive COFs and exploits its applications for biomedicine.
Progress and Opportunities for Machine Learning in Materials and Processes of Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Ng Wei Long , Goh Guo Liang , Goh Guo Dong , Ten Jyi Sheuan Jason , Yeong Wai Yee
Published: March 2024

In recent years, there has been widespread adoption of machine learning (ML) technologies to unravel intricate relationships among diverse parameters in various additive manufacturing (AM) techniques. These ML models excel at recognizing complex patterns from extensive, well‐curated datasets, thereby unveiling latent knowledge crucial for informed decision‐making during the AM process. The collaborative synergy between ML and AM holds the potential to revolutionize the design and production of AM‐printed parts. This review delves into the challenges and opportunities emerging at the intersection of these two dynamic fields. It provides a comprehensive analysis of the publication landscape for ML‐related research in the field of AM, explores common ML applications in AM research (such as quality control, process optimization, design optimization, microstructure analysis, and material formulation), and concludes by presenting an outlook that underscores the utilization of advanced ML models, the development of emerging sensors, and ML applications in emerging AM‐related fields. Notably, ML has garnered increased attention in AM due to its superior performance across various AM‐related applications. It is envisioned that the integration of ML into AM processes will significantly enhance 3D printing capabilities across diverse AM‐related research areas.
Top‐Down Induced Crystallization Orientation toward Highly Efficient p‐i‐n Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Jiang Xiaofen , Liu Baoze , Wu Xin , Zhang Shoufeng , Zhang Dong , Wang Xue , Gao Shuang , Huang Zongming , Wang Haolin , Li Bo , Xiao Zhengguo , Chen Tao , Jen Alex K.‐Y. , Xiao Shuang , Yang Shangfeng , Zhu Zonglong
Published: March 2024

Crystallization orientation plays a crucial role in determining the performance and stability of perovskite solar cells (PVSCs), whereas effective strategies for realizing oriented perovskite crystallization is still lacking. Herein, a facile and efficient top‐down strategy is reported to manipulate the crystallization orientation via treating perovskite wet film with propylamine chloride (PACl) before annealing. The PA+ ions tend to be adsorbed on the (001) facet of the perovskite surface, resulting in the reduced cleavage energy to induce (001) orientation‐dominated growth of perovskite film and then reduce the temperature of phase transition, meanwhile, the penetrating Cl ions further regulate the crystallization process. As‐prepared (001)‐dominant perovskite films exhibit the ameliorative film homogeneity in terms of vertical and horizontal scale, leading to alleviated lattice mismatch and lowered defect density. The resultant PVSC devices deliver a champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 25.07% with enhanced stability, and the unencapsulated PVSC device maintains 95% of its initial PCE after 1000 h of operation at the maximum power point under simulated AM 1.5G illumination.
Correlation between Voltage, Strain, and Impedance as a Function of Pressure of a Nickel‐Rich NMC Lithium‐Ion Pouch Cell
Authors: Laufen Hendrik , Berg Sascha , Engeser Julian , Strautmann Maya , Koprivc Aleksander , Rahe Christiane , Figgemeier Egbert , Sauer Dirk Uwe
Published: March 2024

Fulfilling the service life of a Lithium‐Ion battery in each intended application requires further understanding of the cells' lifetime and reliability. Derived from literature, controlling the external pressure constant on Lithium‐Ion battery cells is an inevitable factor to extend the cycle lifetime. Thus, active knowledge of the cells' strain and understanding the impact of an external pressure on the impedance is mandatory to evaluate an optimum pressure to improve the cell performance. This work presents correlations between voltage, strain, and impedance as a function of the applied constant external pressure on a nickel‐rich nickel‐mangan‐cobalt (NMC) lithium‐ion pouch cell. Utilizing a high precision universal testing machine reveals a negligible change of the cells' maximum stroke within the pressure range from 0 to 1000 kPa. Additionally, an optimum pressure between 100 and 300 kPa is revealed by analyzing a series of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy data measured at different constant external pressures. Within this pressure range the charge transfer resistance as well as the diffusive processes exhibit its optimum.
Precisely Engineering Asymmetric Atomic CoN4 by Electron Donating and Extracting for Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Lv Minghui , Cui Cheng‐Xing , Huang Niu , Wu Mingzhu , Wang Qiao , Gao Tao , Zheng Yong , Li Hui , Liu Wei , Huang Yingping , Ma Tianyi , Ye Liqun
Published: March 2024

The development of nonpyrolytic catalysts featuring precisely defined active sites represents an effective strategy for investigating the fundamental relationship between the catalytic activity of oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalysts and their local coordination environments. In this study, we have synthesized a series of model electrocatalysts with well‐defined CoN4 centers and nonplanar symmetric coordination structures. These catalysts were prepared by a sequential process involving the chelation of cobalt salts and 1,10‐phenanthroline‐based ligands with various substituent groups (phen(X), where X=OH, CH3, H, Br, Cl) onto covalent triazine frameworks (CTFs). By modulating the electron‐donating or electron‐withdrawing properties of the substituent groups on the phen‐based ligands, the electron density surrounding the CoN4 centers was effectively controlled. Our results demonstrated a direct correlation between the catalytic activity of the CoN4 centers and the electron‐donating ability of the substituent group on the phenanthroline ligands. Notably, the catalyst denoted as BCTF−Co‐phen(OH), featuring the electron‐donating OH group, exhibited the highest ORR catalytic activity. This custom‐crafted catalyst achieved a remarkable half‐wave potential of up to 0.80 V vs. RHE and an impressive turnover frequency (TOF) value of 47.4×10−3 Hz at 0.80 V vs. RHE in an alkaline environment.
Multi‐Functional Integration of Phosphor, Initiator, and Crosslinker for the Photo‐Polymerization of Flexible Phosphorescent Polymer Gels
Authors: Cao Yanyan , Wang Dan , Zhang Yongfeng , Li Gengchen , Gao Chong , Li Wei , Chen Xiaoting , Chen Xiaofei , Sun Peng , Dong Yuping , Cai Zhengxu , He Zhiyuan
Published: March 2024

A general approach to constructing room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) materials involves the incorporation of a phosphorescent emitter into a rigid host or polymers with high glass transition temperature. However, these materials often suffer from poor processability and suboptimal mechanical properties, limiting their practical applications. In this work, we developed benzothiadiazole‐based dialkene (BTD‐HEA), a multifunctional phosphorescent emitter with a remarkable yield of intersystem crossing (ΦISC, 99.83 %). Its high triplet exciton generation ability and dialkene structure enable BTD‐HEA to act as a photoinitiator and crosslinker, efficiently initiating the polymerization of various monomers within 120 seconds. A range of flexible phosphorescence gels, including hydrogels, organogels, ionogels, and aerogels were fabricated, which exhibit outstanding stretchability and recoverability. Furthermore, the unique fluorescent‐phosphorescent colorimetric properties of the gels provide a more sensitive method for the visual determination of the polymerization process. Notably, the phosphorescent emission intensity of the hydrogel can be increased by the formation of ice, allowing for the precise detection of hydrogel freezing. The versatility of this emitter paves the way for fabricating various flexible phosphorescence gels with diverse morphologies using microfluidics, film‐shearing, roll coating process, and two/three‐dimensional printing, showcasing its potential applications in the fields of bioimaging and bioengineering.
Molecular Twist‐Induced Single‐Crystal Isomerization and Valence Tautomeric Transitions in a Cobalt‐Dioxolene Complex
Authors: Yue Ling‐Tai , Shapovalova Svetlana O. , Hu Jie‐Sheng , Chegerev Maxim G. , Zhao Yu‐Meng , Liu Cheng‐Dong , Yu Meng , Starikova Alyona A. , Guda Alexander A. , Yao Zi‐Shuo , Tao Jun
Published: March 2024

A mononuclear valence tautomeric (VT) complex, [Co(pycz)2(Sq)(Cat)] (1‐trans), where pycz = 9‐(pyridin‐4‐yl)‐9H‐carbazole, Sq⋅− = 3,5‐di‐tert‐butyl‐semiquinonato, and Cat2− = 3,5‐di‐tert‐butyl‐catecholato, is synthesized in the trans configuration, which undergoes one‐step valence tautomeric transition above room temperature. Remarkably, 1‐trans can transform into its isomeric structure, [Co(pycz)2(Sq)(Sq)] (1‐cis), at temperature above 350 K in a single‐crystal‐to‐single‐crystal way by in situ molecular twist, and the resulting 1‐cis exhibits a pronounced two‐step VT transition during magnetic measurements that is rare for mononuclear VT complexes. Such drastic solid‐state structural transformation is reported in VT compounds for the first time, which is actuated by a crystal surface's melting‐recrystallization induced phase transition process. DFT calculations offer an underlying mechanism suggesting a concerted bond rotation during the structural transformation. The results demonstrate an unconventional approach that realizes structural transformation of VT complexes and the control of VT performance.
Bringing a scalable adaptive hybrid modeling framework closer to industrial use: Application on a multiscale fungal fermentation
Authors: Rydal Thomas , Frandsen Jesper , Nadal‐Rey Gisela , Albæk Mads Orla , Ramin Pedram
Published: March 2024

Digitalization has paved the way for new paradigms such as digital shadows and digital twins for fermentation processes, opening the door for real‐time process monitoring, control, and optimization. With a digital shadow, real‐time model adaptation to accommodate complex metabolic phenomena such as metabolic shifts of a process can be monitored. Despite the many benefits of digitalization, the potential has not been fully reached in the industry. This study investigates the development of a digital shadow for a very complex fungal fermentation process in terms of microbial physiology and fermentation operation on pilot‐scale at Novonesis and the challenges thereof. The process has historically been difficult to optimize and control due to a lack of offline measurements and an absence of biomass measurements. Pilot‐scale and lab‐scale fermentations were conducted for model development and validation. With all available pilot‐scale data, a data‐driven soft sensor was developed to estimate the main substrate concentration (glucose) with a normalized root mean squared error (N‐RMSE) of 2%. This robust data‐driven soft sensor was able to estimate accurately in lab‐scale (volume < 20× pilot) with a N‐RMSE of 7.8%. A hybrid soft sensor was developed by combining the data‐driven soft sensor with a mass balance to estimate the glycerol and biomass concentrations on pilot‐scale data with N‐RMSEs of 11% and 21%, respectively. A digital shadow modeling framework was developed by coupling a mechanistic model (MM) with the hybrid soft sensor. The digital shadow modeling framework significantly improved the predictability compared with the MM. The contribution of this study brings the application of digital shadows closer to industrial implementation. It demonstrates the high potential of using this type of modeling framework for scale‐up and leads the way to a new generation of in silico‐based process development.
Enhancing real‐time cell culture monitoring: Automated Raman model optimization with Taguchi method
Authors: Dong Xiaoxiao , Yan Xu , Wan Yuxiang , Gao Dong , Jiao Jingyu , Wang Haibin , Qu Haibin
Published: March 2024

Raman spectroscopy has found widespread usage in monitoring cell culture processes both in research and practical applications. However, commonly, preprocessing methods, spectral regions, and modeling parameters have been chosen based on experience or trial‐and‐error strategies. These choices can significantly impact the performance of the models. There is an urgent need for a simple, effective, and automated approach to determine a suitable procedure for constructing accurate models. This paper introduces the adoption of a design of experiment (DoE) method to optimize partial least squares models for measuring the concentration of different components in cell culture bioreactors. The experimental implementation utilized the orthogonal test table L25(56). Within this framework, five factors were identified as control variables for the DoE method: the window width of Savitzky–Golay smoothing, the baseline correction method, the order of preprocessing steps, spectral regions, and the number of latent variables. The evaluation method for the model was considered as a factor subject to noise. The optimal combination of levels was determined through the signal‐to‐noise ratio response table employing Taguchi analysis. The effectiveness of this approach was validated through two cases, involving different cultivation scales, different Raman spectrometers, and different analytical components. The results consistently demonstrated that the proposed approach closely approximated the global optimum, regardless of data set size, predictive components, or the brand of Raman spectrometer. The performance of models recommended by the DoE strategy consistently surpassed those built using raw data, underscoring the reliability of models generated through this approach. When compared to exhaustive all‐combination experiments, the DoE approach significantly reduces calculation times, making it highly practical for the implementation of Raman spectroscopy in bioprocess monitoring.
Risk management of green supply chains for agricultural products based on social network evaluation framework
Authors: Wang Wenke , Cao Qilin , Liu Yang , Zhou Cheng , Jiao Qinghui , Mangla Sachin Kumar
Published: March 2024

The green supply chain of agricultural products (GSCAP) is a key link for rural revitalization and sustainable development in China. However, it faces various risks from internal and external environments that threaten its performance and stability. This paper proposes a novel framework and system for identifying and evaluating the main risks in the GSCAP from the perspective of agricultural enterprises. The framework combines social network analysis (SNA) and an improved technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution (TOPSIS) method. SNA is used to analyze the correlations and influences among different types of risks, while the improved TOPSIS method is used to rank the risks of different GSCAPs and identify the key risks in each supply chain. The framework and system are verified by a case study of CDYBIT, a leading platform of food safety big data service in China. The results show that the supermarket supply chain has the highest risk, followed by the group catering supply chain, and the five‐star hotel supply chain has the lowest risk. The main risk factors for each supply chain are also discussed, and some suggestions for risk management are provided. This paper contributes to the literature by providing a comprehensive and systematic risk assessment framework and system for the GSCAP, which can help agricultural enterprises improve their risk awareness and response capabilities.
Cell fusion between tumor cells and macrophages promotes the metastasis of OSCC patient through the activation of the chemokine signaling pathway
Authors: Xia Chengwan , Zhang Qian , Pu Yumei , Hu Qingang , Wang Yuxin
Published: March 2024

Background

Tumor metastasis is responsible for the high mortality rate of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Although many hypotheses have been proposed to elucidate the mechanism of tumor metastasis, the origin of the metastatic tumor cells remains unclear. In this study, we explored the role of cell fusion in the formation of OSCC metastatic tumor cells.

Methods

Murine OSCC tumor cells and macrophages were fused in vitro, and the cell proliferation, migration, and phagocytosis abilities of hybrid cells and parental cells were compared. Subsequently, we compared the transcriptome differences between hybrid and parental cells.

Results

Murine OSCC tumor cells and macrophages were successfully fused in vitro. The cytological and molecular experimental results revealed that OSCC tumor cells obtained a migration‐related phenotype after fusion with macrophages, and the migration ability of hybrid cells was related to the activation of the “chemokine signal pathway”.

Conclusion

After fusion with macrophages, the chemokine signaling pathway in OSCC tumor cells was activated, leading to metastasis.
Clinicopathological characteristics of gastric neuroendocrine neoplasms: A comprehensive analysis
Authors: Zi Mengli , Ma Yubo , Chen Jinxia , Pang Chuhong , Li Xiao , Yuan Li , Liu Zhuo , Yu Pengfei
Published: March 2024

Objective

This study aimed to explore the clinicopathological characteristics and prognostic implications of gastric neuroendocrine neoplasms (g‐NENs).

Methods

A retrospective enrollment of 142 patients diagnosed with g‐NENs was conducted at Zhejiang Cancer Hospital between January 1, 2007 and December 31, 2021. The study compared essential clinicopathological features and survival rates. Additionally, the prognosis of gastric neuroendocrine carcinomas/mixed neuroendocrine–non‐neuroendocrine neoplasms (g‐NEC/MiNEN) were contrasted with those of gastric adenocarcinoma (GAC) and signet ring cell carcinoma (SRCC).

Results

The study comprised a total of 142 g‐NENs cases, with a male‐to‐female ratio of approximately 2:1. The 5‐year survival rates for g‐NEC and g‐MiNEN were 26.7% and 35.2%, respectively. Corresponding 5‐year survival rates for G1 and G2 were observed at 100% and 80.0%, respectively. g‐NEC/MiNEN showed a significantly worse prognosis compared to g‐NET (p < 0.001). g‐NEC/MiNEN exhibited a poor prognosis compared to GAC (p < 0.001), and within poorly differentiated GAC, g‐NEC/MiNEN demonstrated a worse prognosis (p = 0.007). Additionally, patients receiving postoperative adjuvant therapy exhibited notably prolonged overall survival (OS) in the case of g‐NEC/MiNEN (p = 0.010).

Conclusion

In short, the prognosis of g‐NEC/MiNEN was worse than that of g‐NET, GAC and poorly differentiated GAC, but this group benefit from postoperative adjuvant therapy.
Do Hispanic Puerto Rican men have worse outcomes after radical prostatectomy? Results from SEARCH
Authors: Guerrios‐Rivera Lourdes , Janes Jessica L. , De Hoedt Amanda M. , Klaassen Zachary , Terris Martha K. , Cooperberg Matthew R. , Amling Christopher L. , Kane Christopher J. , Aronson William J. , Fowke Jay H. , Freedland Stephen J.
Published: March 2024

Background

We previously reported that outcomes after radical prostatectomy (RP) were similar among non‐Hispanic Black, non‐Hispanic White, and Hispanic White Veterans Affairs (VA) patients. However, prostate cancer (PC) mortality in Puerto Rican Hispanics (PRH) may be higher than in other Hispanic groups. Data focused on PRH patients is sparse; thus, we tested the association between PR ethnicity and outcomes after RP.

Methods

Analysis included men in SEARCH cohort who underwent RP (1988–2020, n = 8311). PRH patients (n = 642) were treated at the PR VA, and outcomes were compared to patients treated in the Continental US regardless of race. Logistic regression was used to test the associations between PRH and PC aggressiveness, adjusting for demographic and clinicopathological features. Multivariable Cox models were used to investigate PRH versus Continental differences in biochemical recurrence (BCR), metastases, castration‐resistant PC (CRPC), and PC‐specific mortality (PCSM).

Results

Compared to Continental patients, PRH patients had lower adjusted odds of pathological grade group ≥2 (p < 0.001), lymph node metastasis (p < 0.001), and positive margins (p < 0.001). In contrast, PRH patients had higher odds of extracapsular extension (p < 0.001). In Cox models, PRH patients had a higher risk for BCR (HR = 1.27, p < 0.001), metastases (HR = 1.49, p = 0.014), CRPC (HR = 1.80, p = 0.001), and PCSM (HR = 1.74, p = 0.011). Further adjustment for extracapsular extension and other pathological variables strengthened these findings.

Conclusions

In an equal access setting, PRH RP patients generally had better pathological features, but despite this, they had significantly worse post‐treatment outcomes than men from the Continental US, regardless of race. The reasons for the poorer prognosis among PRH men require further research.
Impact of inflammation and the immune system on hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence after hepatectomy
Authors: She Sha , Shi Jinzhi , Zhu Jiling , Yang Fan , Yu Jia , Dai Kai
Published: March 2024

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading causes of cancer‐related death worldwide. Hepatectomy remains the first‐line treatment for patients with resectable HCC. However, the reported recurrence rate of HCC at 5 years after surgery is between 50% and 70%. Tumor‐related factors, including tumor size, number and differentiation, and underlying liver disease are well‐known risk factors for recurrence after treatment. In addition to tumor‐related factors, ever‐increasing amounts of studies are finding that the tumor microenvironment also plays an important role in the recurrence of HCC, including systemic inflammatory response and immune regulation. Based on this, some inflammatory and immune markers were used in predicting postoperative cancer recurrence. These include neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio, platelet‐to‐lymphocyte ratio, cytotoxic T cells, and regulatory T cells, among others. In this review, we summarized the inflammatory and immune markers that affect recurrence after HCC resection in order to provide direction for adjuvant therapy after HCC resection and ultimately achieve the goal of reducing recurrence.
Early recurrence, time‐to‐recurrence, and recurrence patterns: Assessing their impact on survival outcomes in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (R/M‐HNSCC) patients treated with first line platinum‐based chemotherapy
Authors: Pitakpaiboonkul Pasvich , Jiarpinitnun Chuleeporn , Pattaranutaporn Poompis , Ngamphaiboon Nuttapong
Published: March 2024

Background

R/M‐HNSCC patients typically receive 1L platinum‐based chemotherapy with pembrolizumab or cetuximab. However, the outcomes for patients with early recurrence (<6 months) remain unclear due to their exclusion from most 1L studies. This study aimed to assess the impact of time‐to‐recurrence intervals (TTRI) and recurrence patterns on the survival of R/M‐HNSCC patients.

Methods

We identified non‐curable R/M‐HNSCC patients at our institution from 1/2008 through 6/2020. We analyzed the outcomes of early recurrent patients who received 1L systemic treatment, with different TTRIs and recurrence patterns.

Results

Our study included 234 eligible patients. The majority (47%) experienced early recurrence (<6 months), while 22%, 20%, and 11% had recurrences at 6–12 months, >12 months, and de novo metastasis, respectively. The platinum‐based regimen was the most commonly used chemotherapy (86%), with cetuximab and immunotherapy utilized in 3% and 5% of cases, respectively. Significant differences in PFS and OS were observed among TTRI groups. For patients with early recurrence, both platinum‐doublet and monotherapy treatments significantly improved OS. Locoregional recurrence (47%) was the most common, followed by distant metastasis (22%) and both (20%). Recurrence patterns were significantly associated with OS but not with PFS. In multivariate analysis, TTRI ≥12 months significantly correlated with improved PFS (HR 0.51; p = 0.004) and OS (HR 0.58; p = 0.009), whereas recurrent pattern did not.

Conclusion

TTRI significantly influenced the survival, while recurrence patterns did not. In our study, the retrospective design limited our ability to definitively establish whether early recurrent R/M‐HNSCC patients would benefit more from platinum‐doublet. Despite poor prognosis, early recurrent patients benefited from 1L systemic treatments. Given the variation in prognoses, TTRI should be considered a stratification factor in future clinical trials.
Eliminating Medicaid dental benefits and early‐stage oral cancer diagnoses
Authors: Semprini Jason , Reynolds Julie , Zahnd Whitney E. , Wehby George
Published: March 2024

Background

Despite the importance of regular dental visits for detecting oral cancer, millions of low‐income adults lack access to dental services. In July 2009, California eliminated adult Medicaid dental benefits. We tested if this impacted oral cancer detection for Medicaid enrollees.

Methods

We analyzed Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results‐Medicaid data, which contains verified Medicaid enrollment status, to estimate a difference‐in‐differences model. Our design compares the change in early‐stage (Stages 0–II) diagnoses before and after dropping dental benefits in California with the change in early‐stage diagnoses among eight states that did not change Medicaid dental benefits. Patients were grouped by oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) and non‐OPC (oral cavity cancer), type, and the length of Medicaid enrollment. We also assessed if the effect of dropping dental benefits varied by the number of dentists per capita.

Results

Dropping Medicaid dental benefits was associated with a 6.5%‐point decline in early‐stage diagnoses of non‐OPC (95% CI = −14.5, −3.2, p = 0.008). This represented a 20% relative reduction from baseline rates. The effect was highest among beneficiaries with 3 months of continuous Medicaid enrollment prior to diagnosis who resided in counties with more dentists per capita. Specifically, dropping dental coverage was associated with a 1.25%‐point decline in the probability of early‐stage non‐OPC diagnoses for every additional dentist per 5000 population (p = 0.006).

Conclusions

Eliminating Medicaid dental benefits negatively impacted early detection of cancers of the oral cavity. Continued volatility of Medicaid dental coverage and provider shortages may be further delaying oral cancer diagnoses. Alternative approaches are needed to prevent advanced stage OPC.
Impact of measurable residual disease in combination with CD19 on postremission therapy choices for adult t(8;21) acute myeloid leukemia in first complete remission
Authors: Jia Xi , Liao Naying , Yu Sijian , Li Huan , Liu Hui , Zhang Haiyan , Xu Jun , Yao Yunqian , He Han , Yu Guopan , Liu Qifa , Zhang Yu , Shi Pengcheng
Published: March 2024

Background

The post‐remission therapy (PRT) choices for adult t(8;21) acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in first complete remission (CR1) need to be further explored.

Aims

We aimed to investigate the impact of measurable residual disease (MRD) combined with CD19 on PRT choices for adult t(8;21) AML in CR1.

Methods

A total of 150 t(8;21) AML patients were enrolled, including 67 underwent chemotherapy (CMT) and 83 allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo‐SCT) as PRT in CR1. Subgroup analyses were performed according to MRD level after three cycles of chemotherapy combined with CD19 expression.

Results

Multivariate analysis indicated MRDhigh after three courses of treatment (HR, 0.14 [95% CI, 0.03–0.66]; p = 0.013) and CD19 negativity (HR, 0.14 [95% CI, 0.02–0.96]; p = 0.045) were risk factors for relapse, while allo‐SCT was protective factor for relapse (HR, 0.34 [95% CI, 0.15–0.75]; p = 0.008). Grouped by MRD after three courses of chemotherapy, allo‐SCT had lower CIR (p < 0.001) and better OS (p = 0.003) than CMT for MRDhigh patients, CMT showed a higher CIR (35.99% vs. 15.34%, p = 0.100) but comparable OS (p = 0.588) than allo‐SCT for MRDlow patients. Grouped by CD19 expression, allo‐SCT demonstrated lower CIR (p < 0.001) and better OS (p = 0.002) than CMT for CD19− patients. CMT had a higher CIR (41.37% vs. 10.48%, p = 0.007) but comparable OS (p = 0.147) than allo‐SCT for CD19+ patients. Grouped by MRD combined with CD19, MRDhigh/CD19+ subsets were identified out of CD19+ patients benefiting from allo‐SCT with lower CIR (p = 0.002) and superior OS (p = 0.020) than CMT. CMT preserved comparable CIR (p = 0.939) and OS (p = 0.658) with allo‐SCT for MRDlow/CD19+ patients. MRDlow/CD19− subsets were also identified from MRDlow patients requiring allo‐SCT with lower CIR (p < 0.001) and superior OS (p = 0.008) than CMT. Allo‐SCT maintained lower CIR (p < 0.001) and superior OS (p = 0.008) than CMT for MRDhigh/CD19− patients.

Conclusions

MRD combined with CD19 might optimize PRT choices for adult t(8;21) AML patients in CR1.
Sharing the neuroscience of living with housing instability: Collaborating with front‐line workers to co‐create a knowledge translation activity
Authors: Draper Ethan C. , Burgess Heather J. , Chisholm Cheryl , Barker Conor , Mazerolle Erin L.
Published: March 2024

Traumatic brain injuries, mental illnesses and neurodevelopmental disorders are established risk factors for housing instability. Further, these brain‐associated conditions may result in additional barriers to accessing services. We explored perspectives of front‐line housing support workers concerning the neuroscience of housing instability to co‐create a knowledge translation (KT) activity. Interviews were conducted with front‐line workers (participant‐researchers) about the impacts of brain‐associated conditions in individuals experiencing housing instability. We combined interview results with existing neuroscience research to develop a KT activity. We collaboratively planned improvements to the KT activity via a focus group. The participant‐researchers found statistics about the overrepresentation of brain‐associated conditions among individuals experiencing housing instability compelling. They expressed that the greatest impact may arise if we target politician and policymaker audiences. Improved awareness of the neuroscience of housing instability may provide motivation for addressing systemic factors that perpetuate the violence of living unhoused.
The role and molecular mechanism of NOP16 in the pathogenesis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Xiong Wenmin , Li Daojing , Ao Fenghua , Tu Ziwei , Xiong Jianping
Published: March 2024

We aimed to explore the effects of NOP16 on the pathogenesis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and the related mechanism. In this study, the expression level of NOP16 in NPC tissues and adjacent tissues was measured by qRT‐polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) tests. In the in vitro study, the expression levels of NOP16 and RhoA/phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI3K)/Akt/c‐Myc and IKK/IKB/NF‐κB signalling pathway‐related proteins in NPC cells were measured by qRT‐PCR and Western blot (WB). CCK8 assays and colony formation assays were used to detect cell proliferation. Transwell assays were used to detect the migration and invasion ability of NPC cells. Flow cytometry and WB were used to measure the level of apoptosis. For the in vivo study, NPC xenograft models were established in nude mice, and tumour weight and volume were recorded. The expression levels of NOP16 and RhoA/PI3K/Akt/c‐Myc signalling pathway‐related proteins and mRNAs were measured by immunofluorescence, qRT‐PCR and WB experiments. In clinical samples, the results of qRT‐PCR and IHC experiments showed that the expression level of NOP16 was significantly increased in NPC tissues. In the in vitro study, the results of qRT‐PCR and WB experiments showed that NOP16 was significantly increased in NPC cells. The CCK8 assay, colony formation assay, transwell assay and flow cytometry results showed that knocking out NOP16 inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion of NPC cells and increased apoptosis. WB results showed that knocking out NOP16 inhibited the RhoA/PI3K/Akt/c‐Myc and IKK/IKB/NF‐κB signalling pathways. These effects were reversed by 740Y‐P (PI3K activator). In the in vivo study, knockdown of NOP16 reduced tumour volume and weight and inhibited the RhoA/PI3K/Akt/c‐Myc signalling pathway. In conclusion, knockdown of NOP16 inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion of NPC cells and induced apoptosis by inhibiting the RhoA/PI3K/Akt/c‐Myc and IKK/IKB/NF‐κB pathways, leading to the malignant phenotype of NPC.