bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Selective Formose Reaction under Microwave Irradiation
Authors: Hashidzume Akihito , Imai Toru , Deguchi Nanako , Tanibayashi Takashi , Ikeda Takumi , Michitaka Tomohiro , Kuwahara Satoki , Nakahata Masaki , Kamon Yuri , Todokoro Yasuto
Published: September 2022

To realize sustainable societies, production of organic compounds, which is not based on fossil resources, should be developed. Thus, C1 chemistry, utilizing one-carbon compounds as starting materials, has been of increasing importance. In particular, formose reaction is promising because the reaction produces sugars (monosaccharides) from formaldehyde under basic conditions. On the other hand, since microwave (MW) induces the rotational motion of molecules, MW irradiation often improves the selectivity and efficiency of reactions. In this study, formose reaction under MW irradiation was thus investigated under various conditions. Formose reaction proceeded very fast and selectively using 1.0 mol kg− 1 formaldehyde and 55 mmol kg− 1 calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) as a catalyst at a high set temperature (150°C) for a short time (1 min). The major products, i.e., hexose and heptose, were isolated by thin layer chromatography and characterized by NMR and mass spectroscopy. These characterization data elucidated that the hexose and heptose were 2-hydroxymethyl-1,2,4,5-tetrahydroxy-3-pentanone (C6*) and 2,4-bis(hydroxymethyl)-1,2,4,5-tetrahydroxy-3-pentanone (C7*), respectively. On the basis of these observations as well as density functional theory calculations, a plausible reaction pathway was also discussed; Once 1,3-dihydroxyacetone is formed, consecutive aldol reactions favorably occur to form C6* and C7*. This study should provide significant insights not only for production of organic compounds not based on fossil resources but also for the sugar formation under prebiotic conditions.
Combining Reconstructive and Ablative Surgical Treatment of Chronic Breast Cancer-Related Lymphedema (BCRL): Safe and Effective
Authors: Handschin Tristan Michael , Ghazaleh Alina Abu , Buckowiecki Julia , Chammartin Frédéerique Sophie , Andree Christoph , Schaefer Dirk Johannes , Haug Martin , Kappos Elisabeth Artemis , Seidenstuecker Kathrin
Published: September 2022

Purpose: We investigated whether a one-stage combination of vascularized lymph node transfer (VLNT) with water jet-assisted liposuction (WAL) can be safely performed and results in improved patient outcomes when treating chronic breast cancer-related lymphedema (BCRL).
Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, we included all patients from our encrypted lymphedema database treated for chronic BCRL with VLNT or VLNT+WAL who had a minimum follow-up of two years. We analyzed patient-specific variables including arm circumferences as well as patient reported outcomes (PROMs) before and after surgery as well as surgery-related complications.
Results: Only the mean preoperative differences of the circumferences between the lymphedematous and the unaffected arm in individual patients showed a statistically significant difference between treatment groups (p<0.05). Indeed, patients treated with VLNT+WAL had consistently larger differences in individual sets of arms and therefore more pronounced chronic BCRL. Complications were seldom and similar in both groups.
Conclusions: Our findings suggest that a one-stage combination of VLNT with WAL does not result in more complications and might be especially favorable for patients suffering from more severe chronic BCRL.
The first case of monkeypox in Hong Kong presenting as infectious mononucleosis-like syndrome
Authors: Chiu Kelvin Hei-Yeung , Wong Shuk-Ching , Tam Anthony Raymond , Srid Siddharth , Yip Cyril Chik-Yan , Chan Kwok-Hung , Man Kenyon Ka-Yun , Chan Wan-Mui , Ip Jonathan Daniel , Chu Allen Wing-Ho , Lo Janice Yee-Chi , Hung Ivan Fan-Ngai , Yuen Kwok-Yung , To Kelvin Kai-Wang , Cheng Vincent Chi-Chung
Published: September 2022

We report the first imported case of human monkeypox in Hong Kong, manifesting as infectious mononucleosis-like syndrome. Viral load in deep throat saliva was comparable to vesicle swabs collected from face, arm, and back of this patient, suggesting deep throat saliva as an alternative specimen for early diagnosis of monkeypox.
A comprehensive toxicological analysis of trans-fatty acids (TFAs): the pro-apoptotic action of industrial TFAs is counteracted by polyunsaturated fatty acids
Authors: Hirata Yusuke , Nada Yuki , Inoue Aya , Sato Emiko , Noguchi Takuya , Matsuzawa Atsushi
Published: September 2022

trans-Fatty acids (TFAs) are unsaturated fatty acids containing at least one carbon-carbon double bond in trans configuration, which are classified into two groups according to their food source: industrial TFAs (iTFAs) and ruminant TFAs (rTFAs). Previous epidemiological evidence has demonstrated a preferential association of iTFAs, rather than rTFAs, with various diseases including cardiovascular diseases. However, it is still unknown how iTFA exerts its specific toxicity and what effective treatments are available to mitigate its toxicity. Here, we performed a comprehensive toxicological assessment of TFAs based on the toxicity mechanism that we established previously. We found that iTFAs including elaidic acid (EA), but not other types of fatty acids including rTFAs, had a strong pro-apoptotic effect upon treatment of extracellular ATP, a damage-associated molecular pattern that induces apoptosis through the apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1)-p38 MAP kinase pathway. We also found that polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), such as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), potently suppressed EA-dependent increase in ASK1 activation and apoptosis. These results demonstrate that iTFAs specifically exert toxicity by targeting ASK1, and that PUFAs serve as their effective suppressor. Our study provides a molecular basis for risk assessment of foods, and for new prevention and treatment strategies for TFA-related diseases.
Increased expression of 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose 2,6-bisphosphatase-3 is required for proliferation of mouse embryonic stem cells that are undergoing differentiation
Authors: Guzel Saime , Gurpinar Yunus , Altunok Tugba Hazal , Yalcin Abdullah
Published: September 2022

The unlimited proliferation capacity of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) coupled with their capability to differentiate into several cell types makes them an attractive candidate for studying the molecular mechanisms regulating self renewal and transition from pluripotent state. Although the roles of 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase family (PFKFB1-4) in cell survival, proliferation, and differentiation in tumor cells have been studied, their role in mESCs biology is currently unkown. In the current study, Pfkfb isozyme expressions were analyzed in undifferentiated R1 and J1 mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) that were cultured in the presence and absence of leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF). We report that expression of the Pfkfb3 isoenzyme was markedly increased when mESCs were promoted to differentiate with LIF removal. We then demonstrated that Pfkfb3 silencing induced the differentiation marker Brachyury suggesting that Pfkfb3 may be required for the regulation of mesodermal differentiation of mESCs. Furthermore, we show that the increase in Pfkfb3 expression is required for the proliferation of early differentiated mESCs. Although these results provide important insights into the early differentiation of mESCs with regard to Pfkfb expressions, further mechanistic studies will be needed for understanding the pathways and mechanisms involved in regulation of proliferation and early differentiation of mESCs through Pfkfb3.
Angle Based Critical Nodes Detection (ABCND) for Reliable Industrial Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Shukla Shailendra
Published: September 2022

Node failure in the Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) topology may lead to economic loss, endanger people, and cause environmental damage. It is found that reliability and security are the two most essential concerns in IWSN. Reliability can be achieved by adequately managing network topology using the structural approaches, where the critical wireless sensor nodes are precisely detected and protected. In this paper, we address the problem of critical node detection and present two-phase algorithms. In Phase-I, a 2D critical node (C-N) detection algorithm is proposed, which uses only RSSI information of the neighbor. This algorithm is also extended to work in 3D topology. In Phase II, a correlation-based reliable approach is proposed to increase the node resilience against node failure to achieve low overhead. The proposed algorithms (ABCND) requires mathcalO (log (N)) time for convergence and mathcalO (delta (log N)) for critical node detection, N represents the number of IoT devices, and delta is the cost required to forward and backward message. We compare our algorithm with the current state-of-the-art on C-N detection algorithms. The simulation results show that the proposed ABCND consumes 50% less energy to detect C-N and 90% to 95% reliable C-N.
Disturbed chaotic system synchronization via nonlinear robust interval state observers
Authors: KHEMIRI Wissal , TLILI Ali Sghaier
Published: September 2022

In this paper, a nonlinear interval state observer design method is synthesized for chaos synchronization between master (drive) and slave (response) systems based on the Luenberger-type observer. The stability study, analyzed with Lyapunov’s approach, is formulated in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) and subsequently to calculate the observation gain matrix. The stability of the designed state observer is analyzed within the Lyapunov approach and the LMI paradigm. Moreover, the nonlinear interval observer, comprising the lower and upper bound state observers, is used for the state reconstruction of nonlinear perturbed chaotic sys- tems subject to unknown but bounded external disturbances. The effi- ciency and high performances of the aforementioned state observer-based synchronization technique are demonstrated by a large study of numeri- cal simulation for the state synchronization of perturbed unified chaotic systems.
keywords : State synchronization Nonlinear perturbed chaotic sys- tems Nonlinear interval observer Lyapunov approach LMI paradigm
Rare variation: the absence of both the celiac trunk artery and the common hepatic artery
Authors: Zhang Zhenxing , Wang Shan , Ye Minfeng , Tao Feng , Guo Danling
Published: September 2022

Background
Knowledge of celiac trunk anatomy is important in gastrointestinal surgery, hepatopancreatobiliary surgery, transplantation and interventional radiology. Variations in the celiac trunk are common and should be predicted prior to these interventions.
Methods
A 58-years-old woman was admitted to our department for surgical treatment of gastric cancer (GC) confirmed by gastroduodenoscopy and gastric antrum biopsy. In the contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT), we found an absence of both the celiac trunk artery (CA) and the common hepatic artery (CHA). Therefore, we used computerized three-dimensional (3D) vascular reconstruction technology to reconstruct the abdominal trunk and its branch vessels before operation.
Results
Computerized 3D vascular reconstruction confirmed an extremely rare vascular anomaly: the absence of both CA and CHA. The splenic artery (SA) and gastroduodenal artery (GDA) originated from the abdominal aorta (AA). The left gastric artery (LGA) originated from the AA directly above the junction of SA and the GDA. The left hepatic artery (LHA) originated from the left gastric artery (LGA). The right hepatic artery (RHA) originated from the superior mesenteric artery (SMA). Laparoscopic radical resection of GC was performed. This anomaly was also confirmed intraoperatively. This patient was discharged on the 10th day after surgery without any postoperative complication. There were no signs of tumor recurrence during the 6-month follow-up.
Conclusion
Correct identification of abnormal abdominal large blood vessels and their relationship with tumors before surgery is of great significance to avoid intraoperative blood vessel damage, major postoperative complications and the missing of lymph node dissection.
Variation in Heat Shock Protein 40kDa relates to divergence in thermotolerance among cryptic rotifer species
Authors: Kiemel Katrin , Gurke Marie , Paraskevopoulou Sofia , Havenstein Katja , Weithoff Guntram , Tiedemann Ralph
Published: September 2022

Genetic divergence and the frequency of hybridization are central for defining species delimitations, especially among cryptic species where morphological differences are merely absent. Rotifers are known for their high cryptic diversity and therefore are ideal model organisms to investigate such patterns. Here, we used the recently resolvedBrachionus calyciflorusspecies complex to investigate whether previously observed between species differences in thermotolerance and gene expression are also reflected in their genomic footprint. We identified a Heat Shock Protein gene (HSP 40kDa) which exhibits cross species pronounced structural variation. This gene exhibits species-specific fixed sites, alleles, and sites putatively under positive selection. These sites are located in protein binding regions involved in chaperoning and may therefore reflect adaptive diversification. By comparing three genetic markers (ITS, COI, HSP 40kDa), we revealed hybridization events between the cryptic species. The low frequency of introgressive haplotypes/alleles suggest a tight, but not fully impermeable boundary between the cryptic species.
Theoretical 2D protein gel of Helicobacter pylori
Authors: Ng Wenfa
Published: September 2022

Two-dimensional (2D) gel electrophoresis affords us a qualitative view of the proteome of an organism, which offers a rich understanding of the molecular weight and isoelectric points of proteins expressed under given environmental and nutritional conditions. But, clustering of proteins of similar molecular weight or isoelectric point or both makes separation of proteins difficult. To this end, a theoretical 2D protein gel calculated based on experimental proteome of an organism would provide important clues to the ability of 2D gel electrophoresis to separate two target proteins. More importantly, a theoretical 2D gel is a visualisation of the distribution of isoelectric points and molecular weights of all proteins in the species, which is important to gaining an approximate but high-level understanding of the physiological properties of the organism. This work presents the theoretical 2D protein gel of Helicobacter pylori.
Updates to the SUMER Spectral Atlas
Authors: Curdt Werner , wilhelm Klaus , Schühle Udo , Vial Jean-Claude , Lemaire Philippe , Bocchialini Karine
Published: September 2022

We present a re-worked version of the SUMER spectral atlas (2001). New identifications are given for more than100 emission lines, entries were corrected or added to the list.The solar emission curve - spectral radiance versus wavelength - in the SUMER spectral range is now available in digital format as electronic supplementary material. In order to reveal the true solaremission, second order photons from the Lyman continuum have been discarded near the long wavelength section in first order of diffraction.
Galacto-oligosaccharides increase abundance of beneficial probiotic bacteria, improve gut architecture and goblet cell expression in poorly performing piglets
Authors: Lee Adam , Mansbridge Stephen C. , Liang Lu , Connerton Ian F. , Mellits Kenneth H.
Published: September 2022

Background:Suckling is a unique period in porcine development where establishment of the microbiota is essential for future growth and health of animals. However, poor pre-weaning performance and failure to thrive without signs of clinical disease during lactation is of concern in pig production and incurs significant economic loss. Prebiotic galacto-oligosaccharides are functionally similar to those of mammalian milk and modulate gut architecture and intestinal microbiota in healthy pigs. Study objectives were to investigate the effects of complete milk replacer supplemented with 1 % (w/w) galacto-oligosaccharides on the microbiome, gut architecture and immunomodulatory goblet cell expression of poorly performing piglets that could benefit from milk replacement feeding when separated from sows and fit siblings in environmentally controlled pens. This was compared with piglets that received complete milk replacer without galacto-oligosaccharide supplementation. Production data over 21 days were collected in four separate and repeated feed trials beforepost-mortemduodenal, jejunal, ileal, caecal, colonic and rectal samples were collected from thirty-five piglets across the four trials and the microbiome composition assessed by 16s rRNA gene sequencing. Gut architectural features, villus crypt ratio and enumeration of goblet cells in tissues were assessed by histopathological techniques.Results:Milk replacer supplemented with galacto-oligosaccharides was palatable and well tolerated but had no significant effect upon performance or alpha-diversity. Galacto-oligosaccharides added to milk replacer significantly modulated microbial communities as demonstrated by beta-diversity and significantly increasedLactobacillusandBifidobacteriumthroughout the gastrointestinal tract. The most abundant taxa identified at genus level wereLactobacillus,Streptococcus,Prevotella,LactococcusandLeuconostoc. Milk replacer plus galacto-oligosaccharide fed piglets showed significantly improved gut architectural features and villus crypt ratio throughout the gastrointestinal tract as well as an increased number of barrier enhancing and immunomodulatory goblet cells.Conclusions:Galacto-oligosaccharide supplemented milk replacer significantly increased differential abundance of beneficial probiotic bacteria, particularlyLactobacillusandBifidobacterium,improved gut architecture and goblet cell expression in poorly performing piglets. In these respects, galacto-oligosaccharide supplemented milk replacer may be a useful addition to animal husbandry in poorly performing, non-thriving animals when moved to environmentally controlled pens away from sows and fit siblings, thereby modulating the microbiome and gastrointestinal tract performance.
Inhibition of Pathological Myofibroblast Differentiation of Valvular Interstitial Cell by Atorvastatin, Olmesartan, and Resveratrol in Experimental Heart Valve Model “Contemporary Model with Rabbit Valve”
Authors: Suwanto Denny , Lefi Achmad , Dharmadjati Budi Baktijasa , Oktaviono Yudi Her , Subagjo Agus , Sativa Oryza , Rachmi Dita Aulia , Nugraha Ricardo Adrian
Published: September 2022

Introduction. Recent studies revealed that differentiation of valvular interstitial cell into myoﬁbroblasts played an important role in pathological valve remodeling in rheumatic valvular disease.
Objective. To investigate effects of atorvastatin, olmesartan, and resveratrol on Transforming Growth Factor β1-induced fibrosis.
Methods. Valvular interstitial cell was isolated from 12-weeks male New Zealand rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus). Culture cells was divided into 4 groups, control group, group I (0.5 mg/mL Atorvastatin), group II (100 nmol/L Olmesartan), group III (50 μM/L Resveratrol) and group IV (combinations). All group were exposed to 100 nM Transforming Growth Factor β1 for 24 hours.
Results. Immunochemical staining demonstrated that cells were completely differentiated into myofibroblasts with mean expression of α-smooth muscle actin 24522.64±4566.994. Atorvastatin, olmesartan, resveratrol, and its combination significantly reduced α-smooth muscle actin expression (6823±1735.3, 6942.7±2455.9, 14176.2±3343.3, 5051.8±1612.2 respectively (p<0.001).
Conclusion. Our data showed atorvastatin, olmesartan, resveratrol, and its combination significantly reduce Transforming Growth Factor β1-induced valvular fibrosis.
Endorsement of N95 Respirators on Twitter: is correct, complete advice being given?
Authors: Ahmed Wasim , Khan M. Laeeq , Malik Aqdas , Krishnan Satish , Katz Matthew S
Published: September 2022

Research Objective
This study aimed to examine influential voices recommending N95 respirators during a peak in cases and deaths. Our study sought to understand whether influencers were providing accurate details about the correct type of N95 that would protect the wearer and those around them and the vital need to ensure a proper fit for the N95.
Study Design
Our study drew upon primary data from Twitter and retrieved n = 251,740 tweets from January 2021, which were filtered and analysed using social network analysis. The study drew upon mixed methods. Betweenness centrality was used to identify influential users recommending N95 face masks. A coding frame was developed to determine whether complete advice was provided. The tweets received as replies to each of the influencers were analysed using content analysis.
Principal Findings
Our study found that the most influential users recommending about N95 face masks were medical professionals and public health experts. Moreover, our data revealed that most tweets by health influencers recommending N95s did not provide further details about the correct type of N95 mask and the vital need to ensure a proper fit for the mask.
Implications for Policy and Practice
Healthcare influencers can play a vital role in disseminating accurate and timely information. Our study confirmed that prominent health influencers were not providing enough information about N95s. We produce three key recommendations for healthcare influencers. Our results are likely to be of interest to health services and for improving patient safety.
Monitoring and Evaluation of Gully Erosion in China's Largest Loess Tableland Based on SBAS-InSAR
Authors: Tian Haibo , Tao Yuxiang , Kou Pinglang , Alonso Andres , Luo Xiaobo , Gong Chenyu , Fan Yunpeng , Lei Changjian , Gou Yongcheng
Published: September 2022

Gully erosion is widespread in central China's ecologically fragile loess plateau. However, research on the monitoring and evaluation of large-scale fine erosion is scarce. Here, we use the sentinel-1A imagery during a rainy season, using the small baseline subset synthetic aperture radar interferometry (SBAS-InSAR) technology to calculate gully erosion for the largest loess plateau in China, the Dongzhiyuan tableland. The results showed that the average and cumulative subsidence rates of the whole study area are 9 mm/year and 6 mm/year respectively, while the subsidence within the gullies reached 160 mm/year and 70 mm/year, which was mainly caused by rainfall and landslides formed by groundwater softening slopes. In addition, erosion was more severe at the bottom of the gully closer to the lower reaches of the watershed, which may be related to the concentrated runoff downstream during rainfall. Interestingly, the erosion deformation was more intense on slopes 20m above the gully bottom caused by groundwater seepage. The results demonstrated the reliable capability of the SBAS-InSAR method in accurately assessing large-scale erosion deformation.
Evaluating a Community Engagement Model for Malaria Elimination in Haiti: Lessons from the Community Health Council (CHC) project (2019-2021)
Authors: Bardosh Kevin , Desir Luccene , Jean Lorence , Yoss Sarah , Poovey Brianna , Nute Andrew , de Rochars Madsen Valerie Beau , Telfort Marc-Aurèle , Benoit Fabiola , Noland Gregory S.
Published: September 2022

Background: Community engagement (CE) plays a critical part in malaria control and elimination efforts. However models of CE for malaria vary substantially, with more participatory approaches requiring higher levels of adaptive management in program design and implementation. In this paper, we evaluate the effectiveness of a volunteer-based CE model developed in Haiti in 2018. This model facilitated local leaders to organize and implement monthly anti-malaria activities in their communities and was implemented as part of the Malaria Zero consortium activities.
Methods: This program evaluation draw on quantitative and qualitative data collected from 23 Community Health Councils (CHCs) over a two-year period (2019-2021) in Grand’Anse department, a malaria hotspot region in Haiti.
Results: Monthly monitoring data showed that 100% of the 23 CHCs maintained functioning over the two-year period, with an average of 0.90 monthly meetings held with an 85% attendance rate. A high degree of transparency and diversity in membership helped create strong planning and involvement from members. CHCs conducted an average of 1.59 community-based activities per month, directly engaging an average of 123 people/month, with high levels of fluctuation indicative of local ownership and self-organization. This included school and church sensitization, environmental sanitation campaigns, mass education, support for case referrals and community mobilization during mass drug administration (MDA) and indoor residual spraying (IRS) campaigns. Members drew on the tradition of konbit (mutual self-help), local histories of health and development campaigns and a lexicon of “solidarity” in difficult times as they negotiated their agency as community volunteers. Small incentives played both symbolic and supportive roles and some level of politicization was viewed as inevitable, even beneficial. Rumours about financial and political profiteering of CHC volunteers took time to dispel while the tendency towards vertical planning in malaria control created conditions that excluded CHCs from some activities and generated resentment from members who felt sidelined by the government malaria program.
Conclusion: The CHC model was effective in promoting group solidarity and community-based anti-malaria activities over a two-year period in Haiti. With the end of the Malaria Zero consortium in early 2021, there is now an opportunity to better integrate this model into the primary healthcare system, evaluate the impact of the CHCs on malaria epidemiology, and promote the greater integration of CHCs with active surveillance and response activities.
Investigation of Mechanical and Printing Properties of Poly(Lactıic Acid) and Composite Filaments Used in 3d Printers
Authors: Şahin Gökçen , Özyıldırım Hasan , Şahin Anıl
Published: September 2022

In this study, it was investigated how the mechanical and printing properties of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and composite filaments, which are increasingly used in 3D printers, change in a humid environment. PLA filament, PLA/Graphite and PLA/Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) composite filaments were used in the experiments. The filaments were exposed to 80% relative humidity for 15 days, then standard dog-bone specimens were printed from these filaments. Tensile test was applied to filaments and printed specimens, Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR) analyzes were made, scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of specimens and fracture surfaces were obtained. When the experiments were evaluated, it was observed that the print quality and tensile strength of 3D prints made from PLA, PLA/Graphite composite filaments exposed to humid environment decreased, while the print quality and tensile strength of PLA/PHB composite filament increased.
Identification of genes in patients for predicting ulcerative colitis-associated colorectal cancer
Authors: wei hongyun , Yong Chunming , Jin Yanchun , Zhang Yunmei , Cao Bin , Yuan Hao , Ren Keyu
Published: September 2022

Aim: Ulcerative colitis (UC) has been considered a risk factor for colorectal cancer (CRC). However, effective biomarkers for predicting UC-associated CRC are lacking. Therefore, it is necessary to screen biomarkers associated with UC-related CRC, which could be used to evaluate UC-associated CRC early, and provide possible mechanisms involved in UC-associated CRC. Efficient bioinformatics analysis could help to explore potential biomarkers.
Method: Two public datasets, including 44 UC without CRC samples and 17 UC-associated CRC samples were chosen from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Sva package was used to remove batch effects, and then we screened out differentially expressed genes (DEGs) with the limma package. STRING and Cytoscape were used to achieve protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis and hub genes. The survival curves between high and low gene expression were performed by a log-rank test based on the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) program. To validate the hub gene expression, we compared their expression between normal and colorectal cancer based on Oncomine. Furthermore, immunohistochemistry was used to validate the expression of selected differentially expressed proteins
Results: 405 DEGs were identified, including 256 down-regulated genes and 149 up-regulated genes in UC-associated CRC tissues. 16 hub genes were identified. And among them, RPL6, RPL7, and RPL35 were related to the poor prognosis of patients. Higher expression of RPL6, RPL7, and RPL35 was validated in CRC tissues based on Oncomine. Moreover, higher expression of RPL7 was observed in CRC sample tissues compared to normal colorectal tissues(p=0.004) or UC tissues (p=0.009). However, the expression of RPL6 and RPL35 in CRC tissues was not significantly increased compared to UC tissues or normal tissues.
Conclusion: Our study showed that overexpressed RPL7 may be a potential tumor oncogene and could act as a prognostic factor in clinical diagnosis and treatment during UC-associated CRC.
On the perfomance of Hirschman Optimal Transform for Reduction of PAPR in UFMC
Authors: Krishna E. Hari , Komalla Ashoka Reddy
Published: September 2022

Universal filtered multi carrier (UFMC) system is considered to be the best choice for 5G waveform when compared with orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), filtered OFDM (f-OFDM), filter bank multi carrier (FBMC) and generalized FDM (GFDM) in terms of spectral leakage, complexity and compatibility with 5G. The all multi carrier systems are suffers from high peak to average power ratio (PAPR) causes non linear functioning in receiver. In this paper, we proposed a Hirschman optimal transform (HOT) based pre-coding for reducing the PAPR in UFMC systems. Results reveals that HOT pre-coded UFMC promising less PAPR compared with discrete cosine transform (DCT), discrete Hartley transform (DHT) and discrete sine transform (DST) and discrete Fourier transform (DFT).
Control of Ethylene Synthesis and Action by Silver Nitrate and Rhizobitoxine in Petunia Leaf Sections Cultured in Vitro1
Authors: Gavinlertvatana P. , Read P. E. , Wilkins H. F.
Published: September 2022

Pretreatment of excised leaves of Petunia hybrida L. with AgNO3 permitted shoot formation equal to the control, when explants were cultured on a medium containing 6-benzylamino purine (BA), but increased callus formation, chlorophyll content, and ethylene production. When explants were cultured on a medium containing α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), pretreatment with AgNO3 promoted callus growth, root formation and extension, and ethylene production, but inhibited root hair formation. Pretreatment of explants with CuSO4 suppressed ethylene production and chlorophyll content. Inclusion of AgNO3 partially overcame the effects of CuSO4 alone. When the rhizobitoxine analog, L-2-amino-4-(2-aminoethoxy)-trans-3-butenoic acid (Rh), was used for pretreatment, ethylene emanation was inhibited for 2 or 3 weeks. Number of shoots and roots, root length, root hair and callus formation were not affected by Rh except that callus growth was reduced on a medium containing NAA. NAA (1.0 mg/liter) promoted callus and root formation and induced high levels of ethylene, while kinetin (0.2 mg/liter) stimulated shoot formation but simultaneously induced much lower levels of ethylene.
Influence of Altered Light Levels on Growth and Fruiting of Mature ‘Delicious’ Apple Trees1
Authors: Doud Diane S. , Ferree David C.
Published: September 2022

Available light in mature apple trees (Malus domestica Borkh.) of an unknown red strain of ‘Delicious’ on Mailing (M) 9 rootstocks was altered throughout the 1978 growing season by the use of reflectors, overhead lights, and shade material. Undertree reflectors increased light within the tree canopy about 20% at anthesis, 10-30% through mid-season, and 35% at harvest. Light was reduced within the canopy 20% at bloom and 10-20% the remainder of the season by over-tree shade. Shading reduced fruit set by 62% and reflectors had no effect. Red fruit color was reduced by shading and increased by reflector treatments, particularly in the lower half of the tree. Total yield and soluble solids were decreased by shading, but no significant differences were obtained by attempts to increase light. Reflectors and overhead light increased and shading reduced specific leaf weight. Shading increased levels of P, K, B and Zn and reduced Ca and Mg. None of the treatments altered total nonstructural carbohydrate (CHO) levels in several tissues at bloom. However, shading reduced percent CHO in both spur and shoot leaves in June and July, but increased CHO in these tissues at harvest.
An Anatomical and Morphological Study of Abscission in Highbush Blueberry Fruit1
Authors: Gough R. E. , Litke W.
Published: September 2022

Berry/pedicel abscission zone formation in cultivated highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) during fruit ripening appeared at the distal portion of the transition zone (disc) separating the berry and the pedicel. The abscission zone was first evident as a compressed zone of cells at the periphery of the berry/pedicel junction in the immature green stage of berry development. Cell separation initially appeared during the green-pink berry stage concomitant with berry coloration. Separation was characterized primarily by cell wall rupture. No separation layer was formed through either the berry epidermis or the vascular bundles. The number of berries without attached pedicels separating from the cluster under applied force was closely related to the stage of ripening of the fruit. Stresses imparted during ripening by rupturing internal tissues are evident in definite morphological changes appearing on the surface of the fruit.
The Ontogeny and Cytogenesis of Cork Spot in ‘York Imperial’ Apple Fruit1
Authors: Miller Robert H.
Published: September 2022

Histogenetic studies of the young fruit revealed that incipient cork spot in ‘York Imperial’ apples (Malus domestica Borkh.) may appear as early as 3 weeks after fruit set, and that it initially becomes evident as a sporadic gradual necrosis of several parenchymatous cells of the outer cortex. About 1 month later, healthy enlarging cortical cells contiguous to the necrotic region undergo a redifferentiation via direct nuclear or amitotic divisions that result in a promiscuous intracellular proliferation of daughter cells. These remain within the confines of the original mother cell wall until it ruptures. The amitotic nuclei assume a variety of configurations and divide by cleavage. The method by which cell walls form between the intracellular proliferations is undetermined, and there is no evidence of cell plate formation. Once initiated, cork spot proliferation occurs only within the parenchymatous cells of the fruit cortex and is continuous throughout the growing season. There is no evidence of an internal cork cambium per se. Cork spot is not invariably associated with the vascular bundles, and there is no distinct evidence of the senescence of vascular bundles resulting principally from the necrosis. The necrotic condition becomes visible externally as a slightly sunken epidermal discoloration about 3 months after fruit set.
Spray Chrysanthemum Production with Controlled-release Fertilizer and Trickle Irrigation1
Authors: Harbaugh B. K. , Wilfret G. J.
Published: September 2022

Various rates, types, and formulations of controlled-release fertilizers were evaluated as potential components in a trickle irrigation production system for spray chrysanthemums (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.). Optimum rates of total-N, with 34 kg N/ha as soluble 6-2.6-5 (N-P-K) and the remainder as 14-6.1-11.6 Osmocote, were estimated to be from 489-501 kg per planted hectare in 2 tests. Other formulations or ratios of Osmocote and urea formaldehyde fertilizers at similar rates did not improve production or were not comparable to Osmocote 14-6.1-11.6 or to the commercial practice of weekly overhead liquid fertilization. A water savings of 70-80% was estimated with the controlled-release fertilizer-trickle irrigation system compared to overhead irrigation, while yields (marketable stems and height) were similar to those produced with overhead-liquid fertilization practices.
The Behavior of Peach and Pear Trees under Extreme Drought Stress1
Authors: Proebsting E. L. , Middleton J. E.
Published: September 2022

Trees of peach (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch) and pear (Pyrus communis L.) were grown without irrigation and received only 86-mm rainfall during the growing season. Many peach trees died after experiencing leaf water potentials below −30 bars in July and August. Defoliation began in July, fruit growth was arrested, flavor was astringent, and flower buds failed to differentiate. Pear trees survived under similar conditions although tops died back or grew poorly and flowering was reduced. Regrowth came from trunks and lower scaffolds. Heavy pruning (“dehorning”) delayed the appearance of drought symptoms until very late in the season and resulted in 100% survival of both peach and pear trees. Heavy thinning of peaches in early June did not affect current season's symptoms but apparently reduced dieback and death of trees.
Horticultural Characteristics of Native Vaccinium darrowi, V. elliottii, V. fuscatum, and V. myrsinites in Alachua County, Florida1
Authors: Lyrene P. M. , Sherman W. B.
Published: September 2022

Date of 50% anthesis, date of 50% fruit ripening, length of fruit development period, fruit size, flavor, scar and color were determined for random samples of V. darrowi Camp, V. elliottii (Chapm.) Small, V. fuscatum Ait., and V. myrsinites Lam. growing in their native habitats in Alachua County, Florida. Mean berry weight ranged from 25.1 eg for V. fuscatum to 17.8 eg for V. myrsinites. V. elliottii flowered and ripened early, with only 60 days from flowering to ripening for 5 plants. V. myrsinites and V. darrowi flowered late, about 1 to 2 weeks after commercial V. ashei Reade, but ripened with V. ashei. Fruit ranged from shiny black to moderately glaucous for V. elliottii and V. darrowi but was black for V. fuscatum and V. myrsinites. Variance analysis suggested that selecting the best clone within a species is almost as important as selecting the best species in breeding most traits.
Comparison of Apple Planting Methods1
Authors: Auxt Tara , Blizzard Steven , Elliott Kendall
Published: September 2022

The tractor-mounted soil auger, a commonly used machine for simplifying the planting of apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) trees, was shown to create a compact hole wall that remains evident over time. Penetrometer measurements of 1- to 3-year-old auger plantings were significantly higher at the interface of bisected tree holes than at either the backfill or undisturbed soil regions. In a comparison of the auger to a backhoe, a commercial tree planter, a ditch trencher, and an auger modified to fracture the sides of the planting hole, shoot length and anchorage measurements of trees planted by the alternative planting methods surpassed those planted by the conventional auger. Trees planted by backhoe or tree planter were most successfully established.
Flowering Crab Apples as Potential Pollinizers for Commercial Apple Cultivars1
Authors: Crassweller R. M. , Ferree D. C. , Nichols L. P.
Published: September 2022

Fifty-nine flowering crab apple cultivars (Malus spp.) were evaluated in 1977 and 1978 to determine time and pattern of bloom period relative to that of 5 commercial cultivars. The crab apple cultivars ‘David’, ‘Simpson 10-35’, and ‘Ellen Gerhart’ had similar bloom patterns with the commercial cultivars, ‘Delicious’, ‘Jonathan’, ‘Golden Delicious’ and ‘Gallia Beauty’. Bloom patterns of ‘Donald Wyman’ and ‘Indian Magic’ were similar to the bloom patterns of ‘Jonathan’, ‘Golden Delicious’, and ‘Delicious’. ‘E.H. Wilson’, M. robusta ‘Erecta’, ‘Ormiston Roy’, ‘Sentinel’, and ‘Turesi’ had bloom patterns that were similar with ‘McIntosh’. Hand pollination with pollen from 10 crab apple cultivars resulted in fruit set on ‘Delicious’ equal to open pollination or hand pollination with ‘Jonathan’ pollen.
Fibrous Root Distribution of ‘Pineapple’ Orange Trees on Rough Lemon Rootstock at Three Tree Spacings1
Authors: Castle William S.
Published: September 2022

Fibrous root densities were determined for 16-year-old ‘Pineapple’ orange [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osb.] trees on rough lemon (C. jambhiri Lush.) rootstock spaced 3.0 × 4.6 m, 4.6 × 6.1 m, and 6.1 × 7.6 m and growing in a deep, central Florida sandy soil. Samples were taken from 1.9 m deep borings at 2 dripline locations and midway between trees in the row and between adjacent rows. The fibrous root systems penetrated to 1.9 m and were well-distributed. Samples from the widest spaced trees generally had lower root densities while the densities of samples from the other spacings were greater and suggested the overlapping of adjacent root systems. Root density was greatest in the surface sample for all spacings and generally decreased with depth. The extensive development and density of the fibrous root systems suggested that root competition was not likely to be a primary limiting factor in higher density plantings grown under comparable conditions.
Responses Triggered by the Immune System in Hypertensive Conditions
and Repercussions on Target Organ Damage: A Review
Authors: da Silva Carlos Henrique Nascimento Domingues , Guedes Idrys Henrique Leite , de Lima Jefferson Carlos Santos , Sobrinho João Marcelo Duarte Ribeiro , dos Santos Angela Amancio
Published: September 2022

Background:

Hypertension is a chronic, multifactorial clinical condition characterized
by sustained high blood pressure levels. It is often associated with functional-structural alterations
of target organs, which include heart, brain, kidneys, and vasculature.

Objective:

This study highlights the recent correlation between the immune system and hypertension
and its repercussions on target-organ damage.

Methods:

The descriptors used for the search of the study were "hypertension", "immunity", and
"target organs". The methodology of the study followed the main recommendations of the PRISMA
statement.

Results:

The damage to the vasculature arises mainly from the migration of T cells and monocytes
that become pro-inflammatory in the adventitia, releasing TNF-α, IFN-γ, and IL-17, which induce
endothelial damage and hinder vascular relaxation. In the renal context, the inflammatory process
associated with hypertension culminates in renal invasion by leukocytes, which contribute to the
injury of this organ by mechanisms of intense sympathetic stimulation, activation of the reninangiotensin
system, sodium retention, and aggravation of oxidative stress. In the cardiac context,
hypertension increases the expression of pro-inflammatory elements, such as B, T, and NK cells, in
addition to the secretion of IFN-γ, IL-17, IL-23, and TNF-α from angiotensin II, reactive oxygen
species, and aldosterone. This pro-inflammatory action is also involved in brain damage through
SphK1. In view of the above, the participation of the immune system in hypertension-induced injuries
seems to be unequivocal.

Conclusion:

Therefore, understanding the multifactorial mechanisms related to hypertension will
certainly allow for more efficient interventions in this condition, preventing target organ damage.
A Simple Mthod for Building Orientation Definition of Standardized Preschool Design in Brazilian Climatic Zones
Authors: Sartori Gabriela , Ayres Torres Maurício Carvalho , da Silva Filho Luiz Carlos Pinto
Published: September 2022

Introduction:

Brazilian Government's Proinfância Program developed Standardized Preschool Designs (SPDs) to ensure children's access to preschool while reducing design costs and shortening bidding and construction processes. Local administrations are expected to define the SPD’s building orientation in an available site, Proinfância provides no information regarding the SPDs' building orientation definition.

Methods:

This study proposes a simple method to help local administrations to define an adequate building orientation of SPDs in the eight Brazilian climatic zones aiming for thermal performance and thermal comfort. This method combines the ABNT NBR 15.575:2013 simulation method for thermal performance assessment and the ASHRAE Standard 55-2017 Adaptive Model for thermal comfort assessment. The SPD Type 2 was chosen for the method validation, and a decision-support framework was developed to solve divergences among conflicting results.

Results:

Thermal performance and thermal comfort assessments demonstrated that Type 2 is more suitable for warmer CZs. In some CZs, the thermal comfort results showed significant variations with the building orientation shift. The proposed method proved to be adequate to indicate building orientation to Proinfância Program’ Type 2.

Conclusion:

In addition, this study allowed the elaboration of a building orientation’s recommendations’ list for each Brazilian climatic zone. Municipal administrations might use the results to guarantee thermally qualified indoor spaces based in cientific evidences. The data collected contribute to the advancement of knowledge in the field of thermal comfort regarding naturally conditioned preschool buildings.
Pregnant woman’s knowledge to the danger signs of pregnancy
Authors: Kurniati Ayu , Wantonoro Wantonoro , Rokhanawati Dewi
Published: September 2022

Background: Based on World Health Organization (WHO,2019) Maternal Mortality Rate is the number of maternal deaths caused by pregnancy, childbirth and postpartum that become the indicator of women’s health level. Maternal mortality rate becomes one of the targets of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in reducing maternal mortality rate to be 70 per 100.000 live birth in 2030. Aim: to review the evidence relate to the pregnant woman’s knowledge to the danger signs of pregnancy. Method: this scoping review used framework from Arksey and O’Malley consisting of conducting focus review by framework PEOS, conducting literature searching by using 3 databased by identifying scoping review question, identifying relevant article, selecting article, data charting, arranging as well as summarizing and reporting the result. Result: The scoping review of 10 article journal having Grade A and B that discuss about danger signs of pregnancy, category of knowledge, utilizing health facilities, the method to improve the knowledge. Conclusion: Based on scoping review result of primigravida’s knowledge is still low compared to multigravida, therefore it needs the alternative to improve pregnant women’s knowledge about danger signs of pregnancy through counselling and telemedicine.