bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Short-term hospitalisation of older patients in the Emergency Department and early readmission: A case- control study
Authors: Christensen Lasse , Kristensen Kasper , Madsen Mathias Hakon , Danielsen Mathias Brix , Lorenzen Liudmila , Andersen Stig , Jorgensen Martin Gronbech
Published: February 2024

Background
This study sought to identify risk factors associated with early 30-day readmissions in older patients following short-term primary admission discharged from an Emergency Department (ED).
Methods
This was a case-control study, and the prescription database and hospital records were scrutinised for data on demography, marital status, disability, Charlson comorbidity index (CCI), and systemic prescription drugs. Patients included were aged ≥ 70 years, had a primary hospitalisation of < 48 hours, discharged from the ED, and readmission within 30 days. Exclusion criteria were readmission for specialised treatment and multi-trauma. Data covered a 12-month period at Aalborg University Hospital, Denmark.
Results
Among 2,343 patients aged ≥ 70 years with short-term hospitalisation, 266 (11.4%) were readmitted within 30 days, and nearly half during the first week and one third with similar diagnosis. Fifty patients were excluded leading to comparison of 216 (9.2%) readmitted and 216 matched controls. Polypharmacy (≥ 8 drugs), CCI, disability and marital status differed markedly between patients with early readmission within 30 days. The odds ratio for early readmission was 4.3 (95%-CI: 1.4–17) for systemic prescription drugs ≥ 8; 2.0 (95%-CI: 1.3-3.0) for CCI ≥ 2; 1.8 (95%-CI: 1.1–2.8) for unwed status; 1.6 (95%-CI: 1.0-2.5) for disability.
Conclusion
Among older patients discharged from the ED within 48 hours, around 10% had an early readmission. Four factors were associated with the raised risk of early readmission, and one in three had similar diagnosis at discharge and readmission. These findings may guide the attending physician’s focus during primary admission to identify risk factors leading to early readmission.
Solar energy resource availability under extreme and historical wildfire smoke conditions
Authors: Corwin Kimberley , Burkhardt Jesse , Corr Chelsea , Stackhouse Paul , Munshi Amit , Fischer Emily
Published: February 2024

By 2050, the U.S. plans to increase solar energy from 3% to 45% of the nation’s electricity generation. Quantifying wildfire smoke’s impact on solar photovoltaic (PV) generation is essential to meet this goal, especially given previous studies documenting sizable PV output losses due to smoke. We quantify smoke-driven changes in baseline solar resource availability (i.e., amount of direct normal (DNI) and global horizontal (GHI) irradiance) at different spatial and temporal scales using radiative transfer model output and satellite-based smoke, aerosol, and cloud observations. State, regional, and national results show that DNI and GHI decrease as smoke frequency increases. DNI is more sensitive to smoke with sizable losses persisting downwind of fires. While large reductions in GHI–the main PV resource–are possible close to fires, mean GHI declines minimally (<5%) due to transported smoke. GHI remains a relatively stable resource across most of CONUS even in extreme fire seasons.
The relationship between staffing and adverse events in Washington State hospitals: a cross-sectional study using linked hospital data
Authors: Blair-Stahn Nathaniel D. , Woodward Kyla F. , Iribarren Sarah J. , Pletcher Alix , Hoge Natalie , Flaxman Abraham
Published: February 2024

Objective: To quantify the relationship between staffing characteristics and patient outcomes in acute care hospitals in Washington state.
Methods: Retrospective cross-sectional time-series study of linked data from six sources on staffing and outcomes for Washington state hospitals. Key stakeholders provided input on data sources, measures, and outcomes in a four-phase participatory process. After data cleaning and linkage, we used a random effects Poisson regression model to examine the relationship between staffing levels or characteristics and adverse outcomes.
Results: The study included 263 hospital-years from 80 distinct hospitals, with 162 hospital-years from general acute care hospitals (n=46) and 101 hospital-years from critical access hospitals (n=34). In general acute care hospitals, a higher ratio of patients to care team staff is associated with a higher number of adverse events (adjusted RR, 1.36 per one SD increase; 95% UI 1.13–1.63), and a lower proportion of RNs on the care team staff is likely associated with a higher number of adverse events (adjusted RR, 1.16 per one SD increase; 95% UI, 0.97–1.39). In critical access hospitals, a lower proportion of RNs on the care team is associated with a higher number of adverse events (adjusted RR, 3.28 per one SD increase; 95% UI, 1.20–7.75). A counterfactual analysis indicated that if all general acute care hospitals had no more than the median staffing ratio of 1.2 patient hours per staff hour, the number of adverse events would be reduced by 10% (95% UI 2.7–16.8).
Conclusion: RN staffing is an indisputable component of safe, high quality patient care, and other factors such as availability of care team staff, hospital features, and patient characteristics also impact patient outcomes. This study highlights the utility of merging diverse data sources to provide a comprehensive analysis of the relationships between staffing and patient outcomes.
Dynamic 8 Bit Xor Algorithm With Aes Crypto Algorithm for Image Steganography
Authors: MADHU D , VASUHI S , SAMYDURAI A.
Published: February 2024

The expansion of the Internet's infrastructure has brought images to the forefront of multimedia content, leading to the use of image steganography as a means of hiding confidential data. This research proposes a novel method that combines the dynamic 8-bit XOR algorithm and the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) crypto algorithm to enhance the security and robustness of image steganography. The proposed algorithm encrypts the message using AES and conceals it within the image using the dynamic XOR algorithm. The performance of the method is evaluated based on various objectives, including the impact of secret message size and stego image saving size. Histogram analysis is conducted to assess the pixel value distribution and frequency in the original and stego images. The results demonstrate minimal differences between the histograms, indicating the difficulty in detecting hidden information. Performance evaluation metrics such as Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR), Mean Square Error (MSE), Normalized Pixel Change Rate (NPCR), and entropy are utilized to quantify the algorithm's performance. The impact of the secret message size is investigated, showing a trade-off between text size and PSNR performance. Increasing the secret message size leads to a decrease in PSNR and an increase in MSE. NPCR analysis reveals that a smaller secret message size results in a higher NPCR value, indicating stronger concealment capabilities. Entropy analysis demonstrates a remarkable proximity to the ideal entropy value. Furthermore, the impact of stego image saving size is evaluated. Results show that higher stego image dimensions result in higher PSNR values, indicating better image quality. Entropy values remain close to the ideal level for different stego image sizes. NPCR values decrease with larger stego image dimensions, indicating reduced concealment capabilities. Overall, the proposed method offers a comprehensive assessment of its capabilities as a reliable image steganography technique. The combination of encryption and dynamic XOR algorithm enhances security and robustness. The evaluation metrics provide objective measures to assess the quality, security, and efficiency of the algorithm. The research contributes to the field of image steganography and highlights the potential for real-world applications.
Approximate auto-clustering after bringing down the dimensionality.
Authors: M Tejas , J Treshika , N Nandan , B Dinesh Rao , Malli Sathyendranath
Published: February 2024

In the era of escalating data generation, particularly in sectors like healthcare, the abundance of diverse datasets poses a formidable challenge for effective analysis. Clustering has emerged as a crucial tool in this landscape, grouping data into clusters with shared characteristics. Our paper introduces an innovative approach to efficiently tackle the K-Means problem for large datasets. Leveraging Principle Component Analysis (PCA) for dimensionality reduction, the data is transformed, and the K-Means algorithm is applied in this reduced dimensionality, showcasing significant computational advantages over the traditional approach. This approach seamlessly integrates automated K-Means clustering into the dimension-reduction strategy, augmenting the accuracy and scalability of clustering. By iteratively grouping data points based on their similarity, K-Means captures complex relationships between points, offering enhanced accuracy for datasets with intricate structures. The study emphasizes result comparison through average inter and intra-cluster distances, revealing consistent optimal cluster numbers, reinforcing the efficacy of our approach in achieving auto-clustering with K-Means and reducing computational time. In the clustering domain, our research presents a practical solution for large datasets, showcasing the adaptability of the K-Means algorithm with auto-clustering through PCA. Rigorous comparative analysis establishes its effectiveness for consistent clustering results, positioning it as a potent tool for data analysis in domains grappling with substantial data generation challenges.
New insights into the immunomodulatory potential of sialic acid on monocyte-derived dendritic cells
Authors: Silva Zélia , Rabaça João Amorim , Luz Vanessa , Lourenço Rita Adubeiro , Salio Mariolina , Oliveira Alexandra Couto , Bule Pedro , Springer Sebastian , Videira Paula A
Published: February 2024

Sialic acids at the cell surface of dendritic cells (DCs) play an important immunomodulatory role, and their manipulation enhances DC maturation, leading to heightened T cell activation. Particularly, at the molecular level, the increased stability of surface MHC-I molecules in monocyte-derived DCs (MoDC) underpins an improved DC: T cell interaction. In this study, we focused on the impact of sialic acid remodeling by treatment with C. perfringens sialidase on MoDCs' phenotypic and functional characteristics. Our investigation juxtaposes this novel approach with the conventional cytokine-based maturation regimen commonly employed in clinical settings.
Notably, C. perfringens sialidase remarkably increased MHC-I levels compared to other sialidases having different specificities, supporting the idea that higher MHC-I is due to the cleavage of specific sialoglycans on cell surface proteins. Sialidase treatment induced rapid elevated surface expression of MHC-I, MHC-II, and CD40 within an hour, a response not fully replicated by 48h cytokine cocktail treatment. These increases were also observable 48h post sialidase treatment. While CD86 and PD-L1 showed significant increases after 48h of cytokine maturation, 48h post sialidase treatment showed a higher increase of CD86 and shorter increase of PD-L1. CCR-7 expression was significantly increased 48h after sialidase treatment but not significantly affected by cytokine maturation. Both treatments promoted higher secretion of the IL-12 cytokine. However, the cytokine cocktail induced a more pronounced IL-12 production. SNA lectin staining analysis demonstrated that the sialic acid profile is significantly altered by sialidase treatment, but not by the cytokine cocktail, which causes only slight sialic acid upregulation. Notably, the lipid-presenting molecules CD1a, CD1b, and CD1c remained unaffected by sialidase treatment in MoDCs, a finding also further supported by experiments performed on C1R cells. Inhibition of endogenous sialidases Neu1 and Neu3 during MoDC differentiation did not affect surface MHC-I expression and cytokine secretion. Yet, sialidase activity in MoDCs was minimal, suggesting that sialidase inhibition does not significantly alter MHC-I related functions. Our study highlights the unique maturation profile induced by sialic acid manipulation in MoDCs. These findings provide insights into the potential of sialic acid manipulation as a rapid immunomodulatory strategy, offering promising avenues for targeted interventions in inflammatory contexts.
Impact of the method of Mg 2+ cation introducing into the titanium post-metallocene catalytic system on their activity
Authors: TUSKAEV VLADISLAV , Kurmaev Dmitry , Gagieva Svetlana , Golubev Evgenii , Buzin Mikhail , Khrustalev Viktor , Aksenova Svetlana , Gracheva Alexandra V. , Bulychev Boris
Published: February 2024

This work shows for the first time the influence of the method of introducing Mg compounds into a post-metallocene-type catalytic system on its catalytical performance and the properties of the resulting polymer, and it is concluded that the real catalytic center is heterometallic Ti/Mg complexes. Compares three different approaches to introducing Mg compounds into catalytic systems containing a titanium(IV) dichloride complex with an (O^O)2- type ligand and an organoaluminium compound - the use of Al/Mg co-catalysts, the immobilization of a Ti complex on the surface of anhydrous MgCl2 and in situ preparation of heterometallic Ti/Mg complexes. All three approaches lead to the production of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene, but systems with externally introduced magnesium chloride showed the lowest productivity. UHMWPE samples synthesized on Ti/Mg precatalysts and conventional OAC are suitable for solvent-free solid-phase processing into high-strength, high-modulus film threads.
Organoclay as a potential eco-friendly substitute of chalk in the manufacturing of the PVC based electric cable
Authors: Kouadria Yacine , Lahouimel Mouloud , Bendjaouahdou chaouki
Published: February 2024

The aim of this work was to study the effects of an organoclay on the properties of a polyvinyl chloride polymer and to compare the obtained results to polyvinyl chloride/chalk counterpart in order to replace the expansive, no eco-friendly and irritant chalk by the cheap and eco-friendly organoclay in the electric cable polyvinyl chloride manufacturing. The obtained nanocomposites were prepared by dry blending followed by extrusion. The obtained results showed a clear improvement of the blend mechanical properties. The x-ray diffraction analysis evidenced an intercalation of the polyvinyl chloride chains between organoclay platelets. The thermal stability (Beilstein test) of the nanocomposite was greatly improved. Differential screen analysis showed that the glass transition temperature of the nanocomposite is higher than the neat polyvinyl chloride. A rheological analysis revealed that the addition of organoclay had not damaged the processability of the nanocomposite. Screen electronic microscopy analysis revealed a uniform dispersion of the organoclay particles in the polyvinyl chloride matrix.
Revolutionizing Agriculture: A Comprehensive Review of Artificial Intelligence Techniques in Farming
Authors: Kashyap Gautam Siddharth , Kamani Prerna , Kanojia Malvika , Wazir Samar , Malik Karan , Sehgal Vinay Kumar , Dhakar Rajkumar
Published: February 2024

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a relatively new branch of information technology. It is one of the pillars of many industrial innovations, as well as a critical component in supporting and advancing them. There are numerous studies and innovations that employ AI techniques in a variety of fields. AI has played an important role in agriculture, healthcare, education, finance, governance, and other fields. This paper attempts to highlight studies that used AI techniques in agriculture, as this is a complex topic in itself. Agriculture is important to the global economy. In this regard, the demand for adequate and safer agricultural methods has increased over the last 21 years. AI-powered solutions can establish a model in farming while also increasing crop yield and quality. This paper provides a thorough examination of the AI techniques used in agriculture. In this paper, we present 77 papers from the last 21 years that take a variety of approaches but all revolve around the concept of AI. Furthermore, this research will enable the researchers to investigate both AI techniques and the agricultural field.
Co-registration of MALDI-MSI and histology demonstrates gangliosides co-localize with amyloid beta plaques in Alzheimer’s disease.
Authors: Ollen-Bittle Nikita , Pejhan Shervin , Pasternak Stephen H. , Keene C. Dirk , Zhang Qi , Whitehead Shawn N.
Published: February 2024

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurological condition characterized by impaired cognitive function and behavioural alterations. While AD research historically centered around mis-folded proteins, advances in mass spectrometry techniques have triggered increased exploration of the AD lipidome with lipid dysregulation emerging as a critical player in AD pathogenesis. Gangliosides are a class of glycosphingolipids enriched within the central nervous system. Previous work has suggested a shift in a-series gangliosides from complex (GM1) to simple (GM2 and GM3) species may be related to the development of neurodegenerative disease. Additionally, complex gangliosides with 20 carbon sphingosine chains have been shown to increase in the aging brain. In this study, we utilized matrix assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI) to interrogate the in situ relationship of a-series gangliosides with either 18 or 20 carbon sphingosine chains (d18:1 or d20:1 respectively) in the post-mortem human AD brain. Here, we expanded upon previous literature and demonstrated a significant decrease in the GM1 d20:1:GM1 d18:1 ratio in regions of the dentate gyrus and entorhinal cortex in AD relative to control brain tissue. Then we demonstrated that the MALDI-MSI profile of GM3 co-localizes with histologically confirmed amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques and found a significant increase in both GM1 and GM3 in proximity to Aβ plaques. Collectively these results support past literature and demonstrate a perturbation of the ganglioside profile in AD. Moreover, this work validates a pipeline for MALDI-MSI and classic histological staining in the same tissue sections. This demonstrates feasibility for integrating untargeted mass spectrometry imaging approaches into a digital pathology framework.
Output gap, Business cycles and Countercyclical monetary policy: Empirical evidence from the CEMAC zone and the Bank of Central African States (BEAC)
Authors: Taty Jeremy
Published: February 2024

In this paper, we study business cycles and countercyclical monetary policy in the Economic and Monetary Community of Central Africa (CEMAC) for the post-devaluation period.
Data.We use annual data between 1998 and 2022 on real GDP (in constant 2015 US$) from (WDI, IMF) and the monetary policy rate of the Central Bank (BEAC).
Methodology. The methodology is based on the Hodrick-Prescott framework, a non-parametric method widely used in applied macroeconomics to assess the potential trend in GDP and the components of business cycles. We shall use the framework of Ravn and Uhlig (2002) to calibrate the smoothing parameter (λ) as a function of the frequency of observations.
Findings. (i) Considering the four phases of the business cycle (expansion, peak, trough, recovery) common to the literature, the longest business cycle according to our estimates over the period in the CEMAC zone lasts between 8 and 9 years, from 2003 to 2011. (ii) We found that the CEMAC zone has a slightly negative mean output gap (zero) due to asymmetric shocks. The proportion of negative shocks is slightly higher than positive shocks on average, indicating a continued economic slowdown (CEMAC States are more vulnerable to external shocks due to a lack of diversification in the growth structure and a high dependence on commodities such as oil, which is an extremely volatile market). Similarly, negative shocks to output could reflect the sluggishness and slackness of the labour market and especially the high unemployment figures often highlighted in CEMAC States. (iii) We have diagnosed countercyclical monetary policy post devaluation and found that, despite the exchange rate anchor framework (non-autonomous monetary policy), the BEAC tends to respond effectively to trends in the cyclical components of economic activity in the CEMAC zone by adjusting the monetary policy rate (at least for the gap and inflationary pressures), but with less impact on labour market. Greater economic convergence and better policy coordination between the CEMAC countries and the BEAC are more than necessary to guarantee the effectiveness of counter-cyclical policies, whether monetary or fiscal.
JEL Classification : C14 ; E32 ; E52 ; E58 ; O55
Classification of chiral fermionic CFTs of central charge $\le$ 16
Authors: Boyle Smith Philip , Lin Ying-Hsuan , Tachikawa Yuji , Zheng Yunqin
Published: February 2024

We classify two-dimensional purely chiral unitary conformal field theories which are defined on two-dimensional surfaces equipped with spin structure and have central charge less than or equal to 1616, and discuss their duality webs. This result can be used to confirm that the list of non-supersymmetric ten-dimensional heterotic string theories found in the late 1980s is complete and does not miss any exotic example.
Mott transition and pseudogap of the square-lattice Hubbard model: Results from center-focused cellular dynamical mean-field theory
Authors: Meixner Michael , Menke Henri , Klett Marcel , Heinzelmann Sarah , Andergassen Sabine , Hansmann Philipp , Schäfer Thomas
Published: February 2024

The recently proposed center-focused post-processing procedure [Phys. Rev. Res. 2, 033476 (2020)] of cellular dynamical mean-field theory suggests that central sites of large impurity clusters are closer to the exact solution of the Hubbard model than the edge sites. In this paper, we systematically investigate results in the spirit of this center-focused scheme for several cluster sizes up to 8×8 in and out of particle-hole symmetry. First we analyze the metal-insulator crossovers and transitions of the half-filled Hubbard model on a simple square lattice. We find that the critical interaction of the crossover is reduced with increasing cluster sizes and the critical temperature abruptly drops for the 4×4 cluster. Second, for this cluster size, we apply the center-focused scheme to a system with more realistic tight-binding parameters, investigating its pseudogap regime as a function of temperature and doping, where we find doping dependent metal-insulator crossovers, Lifshitz transitions and a strongly renormalized Fermi-liquid regime. Additionally to diagnosing the real space origin of the suppressed antinodal spectral weight in the pseudogap regime, we can infer hints towards underlying charge ordering tendencies.
New Licarin A Derivative is Effective against Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis Promastigotes and Intracellular Amastigotes
Authors: Alves Marcilene , Espuri Patrícia , Alvarenga Dalila , Souza Thalles , Alves Matheus , Carvalho Diogo , Marques Marcos , Peloso Eduardo
Published: February 2024

New therapeutic options against leishmaniasis are necessary, especially those of natural origin, like licarin A, a neolignan with activity against Leishmania major. The effect of licarin A (DL01) and its derivatives (DL03, DL10, DL17 and DL21) was evaluated against Leishmania amazonensis promastigotes and intracellular amastigotes. Promastigote forms were assayed in different incubation periods and the 50% effective concentration (EC50) was determined. Cytotoxicity was assessed in murine peritoneal macrophages by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazoliumbromide (MTT) assay to determine the 50.0% cytotoxicity concentrations (CC50). Anti-amastigote activity was evaluated through the effective concentration to amastigotes (EC50ama and EC90ama), and selectivity indexes (SI) were calculated. Lipophilicity (LogP) and mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨ) were analyzed. DL21 showed a significant anti-promastigote (EC50pro: 4.68 µM) and anti-amastigote (EC50ama and EC90ama: 0.42 and 15.91 µM, respectively) activity, and substantial SI (94.73) to amastigotes and an adequate Log P (5.54), while not changing ΔΨ. DL21 is a promising drug candidate and further studies are necessary for better understanding licarin A mechanisms of action.
Public Good Differential Game with Composite Distribution of Random Time Horizon
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Balas Tatyana , Tur Anna ,   St. Petersburg State University
Published: February 2024

Differential games with random duration are considered. In some cases, the probability density function of the terminal time can change depending on different conditions and we cannot use the standard distribution. The purpose of this work is studying of games with a composite distribution function for terminal time using the dynamic programming methods. The solutions of the cooperative and non-cooperative public good differential game with random duration are considered.
Dynamic Cournot Oligopoly Models of the State Promotion of Innovative Electronic Courses in Universities
Authors:   Southern Federal University, Kalachev Vassily Yu. , Ougolnitsky Guennady A. ,   Southern Federal University, Usov Anatoly B. ,   Southern Federal University
Published: February 2024

We built and investigated a two-level dynamic game theoretic model of control of the state promotion of innovative electronic courses in universities based on Cournot oligopoly. A federal state is the Principal, and universities competing a la Cournot are agents. The agents invest in the development of new electronic educative courses that is considered as their innovative investments. The Principal gives subsidies to the agents for the promotion of innovations. The agents play a dynamic game in normal form that results in a Nash equilibrium, and the Principal solves an inverse Stackelberg game (a Germeier game of the type Γ2t). We investigated different types of strategies: (1) uniform strategies for all agents; (2) type-dependent (agent efficiency-dependent) strategies; (3) action-dependent strategies. For a specific form of the model functions we found a solution in explicit form, and in the general case we used a method of qualitatively representative scenarios in simulation modeling. We analyzed the results by means of the individual and collective relative efficiency indices.
Efficacy and Safety Analysis of Botox Application and Iatrogenic Botulism:
Panacea or Peril?
Authors: Karcioglu Ozgur , Akman Canan , Atnis Ilknur
Published: February 2024

Clostridium botulinum toxin-A (BoNT-A) creates temporary paralysis in the muscles by acting on
the muscle-nerve junction. It is injected into the mimic muscles when a decrease in the movements of the mimic
muscles is desired. Despite many favorable applications, the use of BoNT-A is not without drawbacks. Although
there is no expected serious side effect on health in BoNT-A treatments, various problems can be encountered
in patients treated for aesthetic purposes. Botulism is a rare but potentially life-threatening syndrome,
which is caused by the toxin produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum, which acts on the nervous
system, vegetative forms of C. botulinum can only survive in anaerobic conditions, while spore forms are
common in nature and can withstand harsh conditions. Botulism can stem from bacterial spores which release
toxin in the body; in the form of enteric botulism, and wound botulism. The cases that develop ‘iatrogenic botulism’
after such procedures are usually those receiving high-dose toxin for therapeutic purposes. The treatment
of botulism mainly consists of anti-toxin therapy and, if necessary, intensive care to prevent organ failures,
including respiratory support. This article aims to cover all these issues related to botulism and other adverse
outcomes related to BoNT-A injection in light of the most recent literature.
Synthetic Approaches for Pyranoquinolines: A Concise Review
Authors: Arboleda Angie D. , Moreno Leydi M. , Abonia Rodrigo
Published: February 2024

The pyranoquinoline frameworks have a wide distribution in natural products
and have displayed a great amplitude of biological activities, attracting the attention of
synthetic and medicinal chemists due to their usefulness in agrochemical and pharmaceutical
industries. Among the twenty possible isomeric pyranoquinoline frameworks, research
reports for only six of them that were found during the period of time covered in this review
article (i.e. 2000 to 2023). According to the literature reports during this frame of
time, the synthesis of pyranoquinoline derivatives was achieved by following three general
synthetic approaches [i.e. (i) via multicomponent cyclizations (MCC), (ii) via bimolecular
cyclizations (BMC) and via intramolecular cyclizations (IMC)], mediated by catalyst-free
conditions or by diverse environmentally friendly catalysts, in which mechanistic proposal
was discussed for several of such processes. Additionally, various obtained pyranoquinoline derivatives reported
in this review were subjected to diverse biological evaluations, such as Parkinson´s and Alzheimer´s diseases,
as antibacterials, antifungals, and anticancer drugs, among others, indicating the promising biological potential
of this class of heterocyclic structure.
Effect of Calebin-A on Critical Genes Related to NAFLD: A
Protein-Protein Interaction Network and Molecular Docking Study
Authors: Mahmoudi Ali , Hajihasani Mohammad Mahdi , Majeed Muhammed , Jamialahmadi Tannaz , Sahebkar Amirhossein
Published: February 2024

Background::

Calebin-A is a minor phytoconstituent of turmeric known for its activity
against inflammation, oxidative stress, cancerous, and metabolic disorders like Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD). Based on bioinformatic tools. Subsequently, the details of the interaction of critical proteins with Calebin-A were investigated using the molecular docking technique.

Methods::

We first probed the intersection of genes/ proteins between NAFLD and Calebin-A
through online databases. Besides, we performed an enrichment analysis using the ClueGO plugin
to investigate signaling pathways and gene ontology. Next, we evaluate the possible interaction of
Calebin-A with significant hub proteins involved in NAFLD through a molecular docking study.

Results::

We identified 87 intersection genes Calebin-A targets associated with NAFLD. PPI network analysis introduced 10 hub genes (TP53, TNF, STAT3, HSP90AA1, PTGS2, HDAC6,
ABCB1, CCT2, NR1I2, and GUSB). In KEGG enrichment, most were associated with Sphingolipid, vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), C-type lectin receptor, and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways. The biological processes described in 87 intersection genes are mostly concerned with regulating the apoptotic process, cytokine production,
and intracellular signal transduction. Molecular docking results also directed that Calebin-A had a
high affinity to bind hub proteins linked to NAFLD.

Conclusion::

Here, we showed that Calebin-A, through its effect on several critical genes/ proteins
and pathways, might repress the progression of NAFLD.
Current Progress and Emerging Role of Essential Oils in Drug Delivery Therapeutics
Authors: Sultana Rokeya , Mohanto Sourav , Bhunia Adrija , Biswas Aritra , Akhtar Mohammad Shabib , Mishra Vijay , Modi Dimple , Aljabali Alaa AA , Tambuwala Murtaza , Faiyazuddin Md.
Published: February 2024

The utilization of novel drug delivery systems loaded with essential oils has gained significant
attention as a promising approach for biomedical applications in recent years. Plants possess
essential oils that exhibit various medicinal properties, i.e., anti-oxidant, anti-microbial, anti-
inflammatory, anti-cancer, immunomodulatory, etc., due to the presence of various phytoconstituents,
including terpenes, phenols, aldehydes, ketones, alcohols, and esters. An understanding
of conventional and advanced extraction techniques of essential oils (EOs) from several plant
sources is further required before considering or loading EOs into drug delivery systems. Therefore,
this article summarizes the various extraction techniques of EOs and their existing limitations.
The in-built biological applications of EOs are of prerequisite importance for treating several
diseases. Thus, the mechanisms of action of EOs for anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-bacterial
activities, etc., have been further explored in this article. The encapsulation of essential oils in
micro or nanometric systems is an intriguing technique to render adequate stability to the thermosensitive
compounds and shield them against environmental factors that might cause chemical
degradation. Thus, the article further summarizes the advanced drug delivery approaches loaded
with EOs and current challenges in the future outlook of EOs for biomedical applications.
Association Between Cannabis Use and Subjective Cognitive Decline:
Findings from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS)
Authors: Chen Zhi , Wong Roger
Published: February 2024

Background::

Cannabis consumption has rapidly increased in the United States due to
more states legalizing non-medical and medical use. There is limited research, however, investigating
whether cannabis may be associated with cognitive function, particularly across multiple dimensions
of cannabis use.

Objective::

The objective of this study was to examine whether cannabis consumption reason, frequency,
and method are associated with subjective cognitive decline (SCD).

Methods::

Data were obtained from 4,744 U.S. adults aged 45 and older in the 2021 Behavioral
Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS). SCD was a self-reported increase in confusion or memory
loss in the past year. Odds of SCD by cannabis use reason, frequency, and methods (e.g.,
smoke, eat, vaporize) were examined using multiple logistic regression after imputing missing data,
applying sampling weights, and adjusting for sociodemographic, health, and substance use covariates.

Results::

Compared to non-users, non-medical cannabis use was significantly associated with 96%
decreased odds of SCD (aOR=0.04, 95% CI=0.01-0.44, p<.01). Medical (aOR=0.46, 95%
CI=0.06-3.61, p=.46) and dual medical and non-medical use (aOR=0.30, 95% CI=0.03-2.92,
p=.30) were also associated with decreased odds of SCD, although not significant. Cannabis consumption
frequency and method were not significantly associated with SCD.

Conclusion::

The reason for cannabis use, but not frequency and method, is associated with SCD.
Further research is needed to investigate the mechanisms that may contribute to the observed associations
between non-medical cannabis use and decreased odds of SCD.
Short Fragmented Peptides from Pardachirus Marmoratus Exhibit
Stronger Anticancer Activities in In Silico Residue Replacement and
Analyses
Authors: Wong Yong Hui , Lee Sau Har
Published: February 2024

Background:

Cancer is a worldwide issue. It has been observed that conventional therapies
face many problems, such as side effects and drug resistance. Recent research reportedly used
marine-derived products to treat various diseases and explored their potential in treating cancers.

Objective:

This study aims to discover short-length anticancer peptides derived from pardaxin 6
through an in silico approach.

Methods:

Fragmented peptides ranging from 5 to 15 amino acids were derived from the pardaxin
6 parental peptide. These peptides were further replaced with one residue and, along with the original
fragmented peptides, were predicted for their SVM scores and physicochemical properties.
The top 5 derivative peptides were further examined for their toxicity, hemolytic probability, peptide
structures, docking models, and energy scores using various web servers. The trend of in silico
analysis outputs across 5 to 15 amino acid fragments was further analyzed.

Results:

Results showed that when the amino acids were increased, SVM scores of the original
fragmented peptides were also increased. Designed peptides had increased SVM scores, which
was aligned with previous studies where the single residue replacement transformed the non-anticancer
peptide into an anticancer agent. Moreover, in vitro studies validated that the designed peptides
retained or enhanced anticancer effects against different cancer cell lines. Interestingly, a decreasing
trend was observed in those fragmented derivative peptides.

Conclusion:

Single residue replacement in fragmented pardaxin 6 was found to produce stronger
anticancer agents through in silico predictions. Through bioinformatics tools, fragmented peptides
improved the efficiency of marine-derived drugs with higher efficacy and lower hemolytic effects
in treating cancers
Apigenin Bioisosteres: Synthesis and Evaluation of their Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, and Anticancer Activities
Authors: Gupta Juhi , Thombre Kalyani , Gupta Krishna , Umekar Milind
Published: February 2024

:

A novel series of Apigenin bioisosteres [1(4-chlorophenyl)-3-phenyl prop-2-ene-1-one]
non-cyclic derivatives (4a-4c) and [7-hydroxy-2-phenyl-4H-chromen-4-one] cyclic derivatives (9a-
9d) were synthesized. The newly synthesized apigenin bioisosteres were confirmed using UV, IR,
NMR, and mass spectroscopic methods. The antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-cancer activities of all
newly synthesized compounds were assessed using the DPPH free radical scavenging capacity, disc
diffusion method, and in vitro MTT assay on the human breast cancer MCF-7 cell line. Almost all the
synthesized apigenin bioisosteres had greater antioxidant and antimicrobial activity than standard
Apigenin. Out of seven compounds (4a-4c and 9a-9d), five compounds were found to exhibit notable
antiproliferative activity on the breast cancer cell line (MCF-7), whereas two compounds, 9c and 9d,
did not show notable activity. Our analysis suggests that synthesized Apigenin bioisosteres function
as prospective antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer agents.
Peripheral Microvascular Dysfunction in Children and Adults with
Congenital Heart Disease: A Literature Review
Authors: Vanreusel Inne , Hens Wendy , Craenenbroeck Emeline Van , Berendoncks An Van , Segers Vincent F.M.
Published: February 2024

Although there is a continually growing number of patients with congenital heart disease
(CHD) due to medical and surgical advances, these patients still have a poorer prognosis
compared to healthy individuals of similar age. In patients with heart failure, microvascular dysfunction
(MVD) has recently emerged as a crucial modulator of disease initiation and progression.
Because of the substantial pathophysiological overlap between CHD and heart failure induced
by other etiologies, MVD could be important in the pathophysiology of CHD as well.
MVD is believed to be a systemic disease and may be manifested in several vascular beds. This
review will focus on what is currently known about MVD in the peripheral vasculature in CHD.
Therefore, a search on the direct assessment of the vasodilatory capacity of the peripheral microcirculation
in patients with CHD was conducted in the PubMed database. Since there is little data
available and the reported studies are also very heterogeneous, peripheral MVD in CHD is not
sufficiently understood to date. Its exact extent and pathophysiological relevance remain to be
elucidated in further research.
Magnetite Reduced Graphene Oxide/Ordered Mesoporous Carbon Nanocomposite as Effective Adsorbent for Removal of 2-Naphthol in Wastewater
Authors: Chaltash Fatemeh , Chekin Fereshteh , Vahdat Seyed Mohammad
Published: February 2024

Background:

The wastewater released from various industries contains substantial amounts of organic compounds such as dyes and naphthols. However, naphthols are toxic to the environment and human health. So, it is essential to eliminate them, which will contribute to manufacturing and environmental management.

Methods:

In the work, an eco-friendly method is adapted to synthesize reduced graphene oxide (rGO) using Equisetum arvense plant extract as a strong reducing and stabilizing agent. Then, a hybrid nano adsorbent based on rGO and ordered mesoporous carbon (CMK-3) decorated with iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe3O4@rGO/CMK-3) was prepared as an adsorbent. We investigate the performance of Fe3O4@rGO/CMK-3 to remove 2-naphthol (2-NP).

Results:

The FE-SEM images exhibited spherical magnetite nanoparticles with sizes ranging from 31 to 47 nm on composite. Efficient removal (90%) of 2-NP from aqueous solution is demonstrated using high surface area Fe3O4@rGO/CMK-3 (initial concentration of 2-NP: 10 mg mL-1, pH: 5.0, time: 30 min, and amount of adsorbent dosage: 3 mg mL-1). The high surface area of Fe3O4@rGO/CMK-3, hydrogen binding, π-π stacking interaction between the benzene rings of 2-NP and graphitic skeleton of hybrid adsorbent facilitate the adsorption of 2-NP on the Fe3O4@rGO/CMK-3. The 2NP removal capacity by (Fe3O4@rGO/CMK-3) showed a significant decrease during five successive cycles.

Conclusions:

These results promise the potential of high surface area (Fe3O4@rGO/CMK-3) for efficient removal of 2-NP for wastewater treatment.
A Mini-review on Properties and Applications of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles
Authors: B.A. Amruth , C. Kushala , J.G. Vaibhavi , V. Rashmi , K.R. Sanjay
Published: February 2024

In today’s world, nanoparticles play a pivotal role in revolutionizing many industries.
Their nano size enables novel applications that have the potential to address pressing global challenges.
The paper reviews the major properties and their practical implementations of Zinc Oxide
Nanoparticles (ZnO NPs). Different methods of ZnO NP synthesis produced a surface area ranging
from 57m2g-1 to 83m2g-1. A precipitation and green synthesis of ZnO NPs demonstrated its catalytic
behavior. ZnOx doped with MnCO3 showed the highest catalytic activity. These properties have
applications in wastewater treatment and dye removal processes in textile industries. ZnO NPs exhibit
UV shielding and photocatalytic properties. ZnO NPs-coated cotton fabric is used in textile
industries as it has more UV protection against uncoated cotton fabric. ZnO NPs are major semiconductors
having a band gap of 3.34eV. This gives a range of applications in electrical and electronic
industries. Biologically synthesized ZnO NP had better anti-microbial properties, which have
a wide range of applications in the food industry, compared to chemically synthesized ZnO NP. The
anti-cancer properties of ZnO NPs are due to their cytotoxicity making it a potential drug against
cancer cells.
Effect of Ground on V-folding Flexible Kapton-based Antenna
Authors: Ayyala Kishore Ajay Kumar , Thakur Atul , Thakur Preeti , Prasad Mani S.
Published: February 2024

Introduction:

In this paper, we explore the world of flexible patch antennas,
specifically focusing on their horizontal V-folding percentages. The folding of these antennas
plays a crucial role in the realm of wireless communication.

Methods:

Our V-folding antenna is ingeniously crafted for seamless communication with
objects featuring sharp curves. What sets our study apart is the exploration of the effects of Vfolding
percentages on the current distribution, a novel approach. We closely monitored the
surface current distribution of the V-folded antenna, considering the percentage-wise impact
along with the influence of the ground plane. Delving deeper, we scrutinized changes in ground
plane size and drew comparisons between a standard ground and a resized one in the context of
the V-folded patch antenna.

Results:

The resized ground plane outshone its normal counterpart, exhibiting superior
performance. With the normal ground, the FPA operated at 1.42 GHz and 4.485 GHz. Postresizing
the ground, it showcased commendable stability in retaining the V-folding frequency
shift.

Conclusion:

Crafting the antenna's structure was a meticulous process accomplished through
the use of CST Microwave Studio software, and we validated our design using a vector
network analyzer.
Examining Defensive Medicine Behaviors in Physicians in Terms of Socio-Demographic Variables: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: KARASU Emre
Published: February 2024

Introduction: The aim of this cross-sectional study is to evaluate physicians' attitudes regarding defensive medicine practices and to investigate defensive medicine practices in terms of socio-demographic variables.
Method: Research population was all of the 219 physicians working in public institutions in Aksaray city center. Although the entire population was aimed to be reached, 140 physicians agreed to participate. Data were collected from general practitioners, family physicians, specialist physicians and academic physicians by face-to-face interviews. Data collection tools used in the study include a personal information form containing demographic and sociocultural characteristics of physicians and the Defensive Medicine Practices Attitude Scale. The collected data was analyzed using the SPSS 25.0 package program.
Findings: More than half (55%) of the participants stated that they had heard of the concept of defensive medicine, but 69.3% stated that they did not know enough about the content of the concept. Additionally, 80.7% of the participants believe that malpractice lawsuits affect medical practice and 90.7% think that there is an increase in malpractice lawsuits. The averages of the statements regarding the positive and negative defensive medicine sub-dimensions are 3.38±0.60 and 3.19±0.99, respectively, which shows that physicians tend to have a defensive attitude.
Conclusion: It has been observed that physicians frequently resort to defensive medicine practices in order to protect themselves from malpractice lawsuits. It has been determined that these behaviors vary depending on factors such as gender, job title, unit of study, reason for choosing medicine, age, professional experience, and years of working in the institution. Physicians turning to defensive medicine practices does not benefit patients, and it is recommended that they be made aware of this issue. The workload of physicians and the number of patients per physician should be reduced.
Unlocking Digital Marketing Potential: Harnessing Big Data for Strategic Insight and Competitive Advantage
Authors: Singh Kartikeya , Tripathi Veeresh
Published: February 2024

The rapid evolution of the digital landscape has transformed the way businesses engage with their audience. At the heart of this transformation lies big data, an invaluable resource that has redefined digital marketing. This paper explores the significant role of big data in unlocking the potential of digital marketing. It delves into how businesses collect and analyse big data, emphasizing data sources and analytics tools. The strategic implications of harnessing big data in digital marketing are discussed, highlighting segmentation and targeting, content personalization, real-time optimization, and data-driven decision-making. Moreover, the paper underscores the competitive advantage that businesses gain through big data, focusing on customer-centric marketing, real-time adaptation, optimized resource allocation, data-driven decision-making, and anticipating market shifts. In the ever-changing digital landscape, the ability to harness big data is more than just a data-driven evolution; it's the key to establishing a profound and sustained competitive edge.