bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cannabinoid-like anti-inflammatory compounds from flax fiber
Authors: Styrczewska Monika , Kulma Anna , Ratajczak Katarzyna , Amarowicz Ryszard , Szopa Jan
Published: June 2012

Flax is a valuable source of fibers, linseed and oil. The compounds of the latter two products have already been widely examined and have been proven to possess many health-beneficial properties. In the course of analysis of fibers extract from previously generated transgenic plants overproducing phenylpropanoids a new terpenoid compound was discovered.

The UV spectra and the retention time in UPLC analysis of this new compound reveal similarity to a cannabinoid-like compound, probably cannabidiol (CBD). This was confirmed by finding two ions at m/z 174.1 and 231.2 in mass spectra analysis. Further confirmation of the nature of the compound was based on a biological activity assay. It was found that the compound affects the expression of genes involved in inflammatory processes in mouse and human fibroblasts and likely the CBD from Cannabis sativa activates the specific peripheral cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2) gene expression. Besides fibers, the compound was also found in all other flax tissues. It should be pointed out that the industrial process of fabric production does not affect CBD activity.

The presented data suggest for the first time that flax products can be a source of biologically active cannabinoid-like compounds that are able to influence the cell immunological response. These findings might open up many new applications for medical flax products, especially for the fabric as a material for wound dressing with anti-inflammatory properties.
Ultrasonic detection of spall damage induced by low-velocity repeated impact
Authors: Nishimura Naoya , Murase Katsuhiko , Ito Toshihiro , Watanabe Takeru , Nowak Roman
Published: June 2012

This paper address the examination of spall damage in medium carbon steel subjected to a repeated impact testing. The experiments were performed well below the threshold spall-stress of 2.6 GPa and the damage introduced in the subsurface volume was investigated using the low frequency scanning acoustic microscopy. Based on B- and C-scan images (the images taken along and perpendicular to the impact surface) we made a qualitative and semi-quantitative evaluation of the damage type (voids in a ductile material or cracks in a brittle one) and its distribution. We found the spall damage development dependent on the amplitude and the duration of the stress pulses. In particular, we proved that the high, long stress pulses induce damage that resembles tensile failure of material, in which voids or cracks nucleate along the spall plane to form macro-cracks. This explains why spall-damage is not seen when the first impact is below the characteristic threshold spall-stress. However, when the tests consist of more than four impacts the spall damage is produced already under stress below the threshold-value.
Emerging interdisciplinary fields in the coming intelligence/convergence era
Authors: Noor Ahmed
Published: June 2012

Dramatic advances are in the horizon resulting from rapid pace of development of several technologies, including, computing, communication, mobile, robotic, and interactive technologies. These advances, along with the trend towards convergence of traditional engineering disciplines with physical, life and other science disciplines will result in the development of new interdisciplinary fields, as well as in new paradigms for engineering practice in the coming intelligence/convergence era (post-information age). The interdisciplinary fields include Cyber Engineering, Living Systems Engineering, Biomechatronics/Robotics Engineering, Knowledge Engineering, Emergent/Complexity Engineering, and Multiscale Systems engineering.

The paper identifies some of the characteristics of the intelligence/convergence era, gives broad definition of convergence, describes some of the emerging interdisciplinary fields, and lists some of the academic and other organizations working in these disciplines. The need is described for establishing a Hierarchical Cyber-Physical Ecosystem for facilitating interdisciplinary collaborations, and accelerating development of skilled workforce in the new fields. The major components of the ecosystem are listed.

The new interdisciplinary fields will yield critical advances in engineering practice, and help in addressing future challenges in broad array of sectors, from manufacturing to energy, transportation, climate, and healthcare. They will also enable building large future complex adaptive systems-of-systems, such as intelligent multimodal transportation systems, optimized multi-energy systems, intelligent disaster prevention systems, and smart cities.
Muscle Trigger Points, Pressure Pain Threshold, and Cervical Range of Motion in Patients With High Level of Disability Related to Acute Whiplash Injury
Authors: Fernández-Pérez Antonio Manuel , Villaverde-Gutiérrez Carmen , Mora-Sánchez Aurora , Alonso-Blanco Cristina , Sterling Michele , Fernández-de-las-Peñas César
Published: June 2012

Study Design

Cross-sectional cohort study.

Objective

To analyze the differences in the prevalence of trigger points (TrPs) between patients with acute whiplash-associated disorders (WADs) and healthy controls, and to determine if widespread pressure hypersensitivity and reduced cervical range of motion are related to the presence of TrPs in patients with acute WADs.

Background

The relationship between active TrPs and central sensitization is not well understood in patients with acute WADs.

Methods

Twenty individuals with a high level of disability related to acute WAD and 20 age- and sex-matched controls participated in the study. TrPs in the temporalis, masseter, upper trapezius, levator scapulae, sternocleidomastoid, suboccipital, and scalene muscles were examined. TrPs are defined as hypersensitive spots in a palpable taut band, producing a local twitch response and referred pain when palpated. Pressure pain threshold (PPT) was assessed bilaterally over the C5–6 zygapophyseal joints, second metacarpal, and tibialis anterior muscle. Active cervical range of motion, neck pain, and self-rated disability using the Neck Disability Index were also assessed.

Results

The mean ± SD number of TrPs for the patients with acute WADs was 7.3 ± 2.8 (3.4 ± 2.7 were latent TrPs; 3.9 ± 2.5 were active TrPs). In comparison, healthy controls had 1.7 ± 2.2 latent and no active TrPs (P<.01). In patients with acute WADs, the most prevalent sites for active TrPs were the levator scapulae and upper trapezius muscles. The number of active TrPs increased with higher neck pain intensity (P<.001) and a greater number of days since the accident (P = .003). Patients had significantly lower PPTs in all tested locations and less active cervical range of motion than controls (P<.001). In the patient group, there were significant negative correlations between the number of active TrPs and PPT over the C5–6 joints and cervical range of motion in flexion, extension, and rotation in both directions: the greater the number of active TrPs, the lower the bilateral PPT over the neck and the greater the cervical range-of-motion limitation.

Conclusion

The local and referred pain elicited from active TrPs reproduced neck and shoulder pain patterns in individuals with acute WADs with higher levels of disability. Patients with acute WADs exhibited widespread pressure hypersensitivity and reduced cervical mobility. The number of active TrPs was related to higher neck pain intensity, the number of days since the accident, higher pressure pain hypersensitivity over the cervical spine, and reduced active cervical range of motion. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2012;42(7):634–641, Epub 7 June 2012. doi:10.2519/jospt.2012.4117
New insights into retention aids dosage and mixing
Authors: Krochak Paul , Schack Susanne , Fasci Giuseppe
Published: June 2012

In this work, critical design and operational parameters for retention aids dosage are studied through a combination of computational fluid dynamics (CFD), experimentation and pilot-scale production trials. In the first part of this work, three different retention aids dosage strategies are investigated in conjunction with pilot scale production trials. In all dosage strategies, a maximum in the percentage filler retention was observed at a speed ratio of 1.1, while considerably lower retention levels were observed when the speed ratio was greater than 2.2. However, the different dosage strategies led to markedly different retention of filler material. In the second part of this work, two-phase computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was used to model the three different dosage strategies implemented in the pilot production trials. The location and magnitude of maximum strain in each nozzle was determined and for each dosage case this was found to occur just outside the dosage nozzle at the point of impingement between the dosage and outer flows. In the third part of this work, conditions leading to the onset of retention polymer degradation were determined using an experimental flow loop. The effect of dosage speed and elongational strain created inside the dosage nozzle were studied systematically. These experiments showed that the effect of relative dosage velocity on polymer degradation was minimal. However, large levels of polymer degradation were observed when the elongational strain in the dosage nozzle was increased, i.e. when the exit nozzle diameter was decreased. Together, the three sets of experiments suggest that elongational strain during dosage degrades retention aids polymers and therefore hinders filler retention during production.
Influence of the history of loading during beating on the evolution of the drainage resistance (SR)
Authors: Roux Jean-Claude , Bloch Jean-Francis , Nortier Patrice
Published: June 2012

This paper concerns the different refining loading conditions of a bleached softwood Kraft pulp on a Valley beater. The refining trials were performed in two stages; each stage was characterized by a constant normal force applied on the pulp in the gap clearance. In the first stage, the pulp was refined from an initial to a given pulp slowness (SR-45), with a force Fn1. Then, the refining was continued from the intermediate (SR-45) to the final pulp slowness with the force Fn2. By analogy with the pressing operation, we propose to introduce the concept of refining impulse defined as the product of the applied normal force by the duration time. This quantity is equal to the ratio of the refining energy to the peripheral speed. The refining intensity is proportional to the refining impulse divided by the number of crossing points. It was demonstrated that the pulp slowness evolution (SR) may be plotted as a master curve of the refining impulse. Consequently, the successive SR evolutions are only dependent on the refining impulse. It has to be noted that this quantity might be completed by the normal force itself to account for the prediction of the shortening of fibres.
The number of contacts in random fibre networks
Authors: Ekman Axel , Miettinen Arttu , Turpeinen Tuomas , Backfolk Kaj , Timonen Jussi
Published: June 2012

We present a method of determining the number of contacts in a planar fibrous network by first determining its average fibre segment length. An analytical expression is derived for the mean fibre segment length in terms of the average shortest path along fibres through the sample in the out-of-plane direction. The model is validated by applying the method to generated fibre networks, for which the segment lengths are known. Both the theoretical and experimental results show that the contact density is essentially proportional to the square of the solid content with a prefactor that depends only on the geometry of the fibres. The method is also tested on physical samples of cardboard, which were imaged with high resolution micro X-ray computed tomography. The results of the cardboards show similar behaviour as the generated fibre networks.
Fluorescence model for multi-layer papers using conventional spectrophotometers
Authors: Coppel Ludovic Gustafsson , Andersson Mattias , Neuman Magnus , Edström Per
Published: June 2012

We present an extension of a Kubelka- Munk based fluorescence model in which we introduce an apparent scattering (SUV) and absorption (KUV) coefficient for all wavelengths below 400 nm. We describe a method for modelling the total radiance factor of multi-layer papers and for estimating the optical parameters (S, K and Q) of each layer. Assuming that the fluorescent whitening agent only absorbs below 400 nm, we are able to determine SUV, KUVand the apparent quantum efficiency, Q(UV,λ) for 400 nm<λ<700 nm, from spectral radiance measurements in the visual part of the electromagnetic spectrum. We test the proposed method on different layered constructions made of three individual pilot paper layers. The proposed method allows the papermaker to determine the illumination independent fluorescence characteristics of single- and multilayer paper layers using a conventional singlemonochromator spectrophotometer operating in the visible part of the electromagnetic spectrum, and also to predict the radiance factor of fluorescing layered papers.
Supercapacitors with graphene coated paper electrodes
Authors: Andres Britta , Forsberg Sven , Vilches Ana Paola , Zhang Renyun , Hummelgård Magnus , Bäckström Joakim , Olin Håkan , Andersson Henrik
Published: June 2012

Paper based supercapacitors are prepared by stacking a paper between two graphene electrodes and soaking these in an aqueous electrolyte. We demonstrate that supercapacitors can easily be manufactured by using proven paper technologies. Several different electrode materials were compared and two types of contacting material, silver and graphite foil were tested. The influence of the paper used as separator was also investigated. The supercapacitors with a graphene-gold nanoparticle composite as electrodes showed a specific capacitance of up to 100 F/g and an energy density of 1.27 Wh/kg. The energy density can further be increased by using other electrolytes. The silver contacts showed a pseudo capacitance, which the graphite contacts did not. The papers tested had a minor effect on the capacitance, but they have an influence on the weight and the volume of the supercapacitor.
Dynamics of moisture interaction with polyelectrolyte multilayers containing nanofibrillated cellulose
Authors: Granberg Hjalmar , Coppel Ludovic Gustafsson , Eita Mohamed , de Mayolo Eduardo Antunez , Arwin Hans , Wågberg Lars
Published: June 2012

Recent findings have shown that it is possible to use the Layer-by-Layer technique to create nanofibrillated cellulose / polyethyleneimine interference films whose colour change with relative humidity. This study uses different optical models to describe spectral ellipsometry measurements data of interference films and how the film properties alter in dry and humid environments. The results indicate that water condensation initially is filling the surface pores within seconds whereas relaxation of the film to adjust to the added water is a slower process that reaches a steady state after »20 min. The maximum swelling ratio of the LbL films is almost independent of the number of layers within the film, but decreases considerably by crosslinking via heat treatment. The films show a distinct birefringence with optical axis perpendicular to the surface. Analysis of the moisture response with different optical models indicates that the films swell uniformly in the thickness direction with no separate water film on top. The results provide important understanding for the design of NFC based LbL films for visual moisture sensors and interactive security paper.
Getting it from Noise and Other Myths: AIDS and Intellectuals in France
Authors: Pratt Murray
Published: June 2012

The aim of this article is to offer a contrast between two competing styles of intellectual engagement around AIDS in France during the final decades of the twentieth century, and to attempt to understand the reasons why such apparently divergent approaches to the epidemic appear. Focusing on two very different exemplar sets of texts, by Jean Baudrillard and Rommel Mendès-Leite, it attempts to evaluate the forms of knowledge produced by each of these writers in terms of communicative acts with use value, in order to determine the implications of each kind of intellectual production. Equally importantly, the paper recontextualizes and reassesses what a concept such as intellectual engagement means, when undertaken in an area of human suffering such as that of AIDS.
Post-Queer (Un)Made in France?
Authors: Boyle Claire
Published: June 2012

This article notes the historical tendency in Anglo-American queer theory to draw extensively on French thought to formulate its theoretical positions and explores the extent to which this tendency is manifest in more recent writings which take Anglo-American queer thought in a new direction. To this end, it examines writings on the emerging concept of the ‘post-queer’, tracing their debts to French thought — particularly that of Deleuze and Guattari. The article also evaluates how adequately such analyses translate to the context in which sexual minorities and queer theory exist in France and thus how likely it is that the concept of ‘post-queer’, as formulated in North America, will be adopted in French queer thought. It is suggested that French queer theory should not be seen as a consumer of Anglo-American queer theorization, but rather as its critical interlocutor.
Whatever Happened to Chapter Four of Three Billion Perverts?
Authors: Nadaud Stéphane
Published: June 2012

This article approaches queer history by offering a salutary corrective to dominant cultural and subcultural forces enjoining us to remember. The life-enabling and properly revolutionary effects of actively forgetting the past and, in particular, the legacy of previous generations, are first outlined in readings of Nietzsche, The Aeneid, Freud, Deleuze and Guattari. The localized exercise of an active forgetting is proposed as a response to one especially problematic case of intergenerational (non-)transmission in recent French gay and lesbian history: a collective act of self-censorship by the team responsible for the 2002 internet republication of the 1973 ‘cult’ special issue of Recherches, entitled Three Billion Perverts. While the article does not seek to contest the decision to censor these thirty-two pages headed ‘Pédo-Philie’ from the republication, it does take issue with the assumptions underlying the way in which the decision was presented. The article suggests that this act of self-censorship typifies the way in which younger gay and lesbian people of the early twenty-first century are placed in a schizogenic ‘double bind’ by their immediate forebears, radical gays and lesbians of the 1970s, the generation of Guy Hocquenghem and the FHAR; members of the younger generation are told simultaneously to remember and that what they are being told to remember cannot be conveyed to them. The ascesis of an active forgetting is presented as the only way out of this impasse and a necessary emancipating prerequisite for new life and new possibilities.
Brief Treatment of Symptoms of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) by Use of Accelerated Resolution Therapy (ART®)
Authors: Kip Kevin E. , Elk Carrie A. , Sullivan Kelly L. , Kadel Rajendra , Lengacher Cecile A. , Long Christopher J. , Rosenzweig Laney , Shuman Amy , Hernandez Diego F. , Street Jennifer D. , Girling Sue Ann , Diamond David M.
Published: June 2012

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a prevalent, disabling anxiety disorder. This prospective cohort study reports on a new exposure-based therapy known as Accelerated Resolution Therapy (ART®) that incorporates the use of eye movements administered in a brief treatment period (1–5 one-hour sessions within three weeks). Eighty adults aged 21–60 years with symptoms of PTSD were recruited from the Tampa Bay area. The ART-based psychotherapy was designed to minimize anxiety and body sensations associated with recall of traumatic memories and to replace distressing images with favorable ones. Participants’ mean age was 40 years, 77% were female, and 29% were Hispanic. Participants underwent a median of three ART sessions, 66 of 80 (82.5%) completed treatment, and 54 of 66 (81.8%) provided 2-month follow-up data. Mean scores pre- and post-ART and at 2-month follow-up were: PTSD Checklist: 54.5 ± 12.2 vs. 31.2 ± 11.4 vs. 30.0 ± 12.4; Brief Symptom Inventory: 30.8 ± 14.6 vs. 10.1 ± 10.8 vs. 10.1 ± 12.1; Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale: 29.5 ± 10.9 vs. 11.8 ± 11.1 vs. 13.5 ± 12.1; Trauma Related Growth Inventory-Distress scale: 18.9 ± 4.1 vs. 7.4 ± 5.9 vs. 8.2 ± 5.9 (p < 0.0001 for all pre-ART vs. post-ART and 2-month comparisons). No serious adverse events were reported. ART appears to be a brief, safe, and effective treatment for symptoms of PTSD.
Prediction of a New Ligand-Binding Site for Type 2 Motif based on the Crystal Structure of ALG-2 by Dry and Wet Approaches
Authors: Takahashi Takeshi , Suzuki Hironori , Inuzuka Tatsutoshi , Shibata Hideki , Maki Masatoshi
Published: June 2012

ALG-2 is a penta-EF-hand Ca2+-binding protein and interacts with a variety of intracellular proteins. Two types of ALG-2-binding motifs have been determined: type 1, PXYPXnYP (X, variable; n = 4), in ALIX and PLSCR3; type 2, PXPGF, in Sec31A and PLSCR3. The previously solved X-ray crystal structure of the complex between ALG-2 and an ALIX peptide containing type 1 motif showed that the peptide binds to Pocket 1 and Pocket 2. Co-crystallization of ALG-2 and type 2 motif-containing peptides has not been successful. To gain insights into the molecular basis of type 2 motif recognition, we searched for a new hydrophobic cavity by computational algorithms using MetaPocket 2.0 based on 3D structures of ALG-2. The predicted hydrophobic pocket designated Pocket 3 fits with N-acetyl-ProAlaProGlyPhe-amide, a virtual penta-peptide derived from one of the two types of ALG-2-binding sites in PLSCR3 (type 2 motif), using the molecular docking software AutoDock Vina. We investigated effects of amino acid substitutions of the predicted binding sites on binding abilities by pulldown assays using glutathione-S-transferase -fused ALG-2 of wild-type and mutant proteins and lysates of cells expressing green fluorescent protein -fused PLSCR3 of wild-type and mutants. Substitution of either L52 with Ala or F148 with Ser of ALG-2 caused loss of binding abilities to PLSCR3 lacking type 1 motif but retained those to PLSCR3 lacking type 2 motif, strongly supporting the hypothesis that Pocket 3 is the binding site for type 2 motif.
Correction: Dense CO2 as a Solute, Co-solute or Co-solvent in Particle Formation Processes: A Review. Materials 2011, 4, 2017-2041.
Authors: Nunes Ana V.M. , Duarte Catarina M.M.
Published: June 2012

Due to a lapse the Acknowledgements section was missed from the original article version. [...]
The Joint Action of Destruxins and Botanical Insecticides (Rotenone, Azadirachtin and Paeonolum) Against the Cotton Aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover
Authors: Yi Fei , Zou Chunhua , Hu Qiongbo , Hu Meiying
Published: June 2012

The joint action of destruxins and three botanical insecticides, rotenone (Rot), azadirachtin (Aza) and paeonolum (Pae) against the cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii, was bioassayed. In laboratory experiment, several synergistic groups of destruxins with botanical insecticides were found by means of Sun’s Co-toxicity Coefficients (CTC) and Finney’s Synergistic Coefficient (SC). The best synergistic effect was discovered in the ratio group Des/Rot 1/9 with the CTC or SC and LC50 values of 479.93 or 4.8 and 0.06 μg/mL, respectively. The second and third synergistic effects were recorded in the ratio groups Des/Rot 7/3 and 9/1. Although the ratio groups Des/Aza 6/4, Des/Pae 4/6, 3/7 and 2/8 indicated synergism by Sun’s CTC, they were determined as additive actions by Finney’s SC. Additive actions were also found in most of the ratio groups, but antagonism were recorded only in three ratio groups: Des/Pae 9/1, 7/3 and 6/4. In greenhouse tests, the highest mortality was 98.9% with the treatment Des/Rot 1/9 at 0.60 μg/mL, meanwhile, the treatments Des/Pae 4/6 and Des/Aza 6/4 had approximately 88% mortality.
Design, Synthesis and Antiviral Potential of 14-Aryl/Heteroaryl-14H-dibenzo[a,j]xanthenes Using an Efficient Polymer-Supported Catalyst
Authors: Reddi Mohan Naidu Kalla , Satheesh Krishna Balam , Anil Kumar Mungara , Arulselvan Palanisamy , Ibrahim Khalivulla Shaik , Lasekan Ola
Published: June 2012

Polyethyleneglycol bound sulfonic acid (PEG-OSO3H), a chlorosulphonic acid-modified polyethylene glycol was successfully used as an efficient and eco-friendly polymeric catalyst in the synthesis of 14-aryl/heteroaryl-14H-dibenzo[a,j]xanthenes obtained from the reaction of 2-naphthol and carbonyl compounds under solvent-free conditions with short reaction times and excellent yields. The biological properties of these synthesized title compounds revealed that compounds 3b, 3c, 3f and 3i showed highly significant anti-viral activity against tobacco mosaic virus.
Expression Profile of Drug and Nutrient Absorption Related Genes in Madin-Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) Cells Grown under Differentiation Conditions
Authors: Quan Yong , Jin Yisheng , Faria Teresa N. , Tilford Charles A. , He Aiqing , Wall Doris A. , Smith Ronald L. , Vig Balvinder S.
Published: June 2012

The expression levels of genes involved in drug and nutrient absorption were evaluated in the Madin-Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) in vitro drug absorption model. MDCK cells were grown on plastic surfaces (for 3 days) or on Transwell® membranes (for 3, 5, 7, and 9 days). The expression profile of genes including ABC transporters, SLC transporters, and cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes was determined using the Affymetrix® Canine GeneChip®. Expression of genes whose probe sets passed a stringent confirmation process was examined. Expression of a few transporter (MDR1, PEPT1 and PEPT2) genes in MDCK cells was confirmed by RT-PCR. The overall gene expression profile was strongly influenced by the type of support the cells were grown on. After 3 days of growth, expression of 28% of the genes was statistically different (1.5-fold cutoff, p < 0.05) between the cells grown on plastic and Transwell® membranes. When cells were differentiated on Transwell® membranes, large changes in gene expression profile were observed during the early stages, which then stabilized after 5–7 days. Only a small number of genes encoding drug absorption related SLC, ABC, and CYP were detected in MDCK cells, and most of them exhibited low hybridization signals. Results from this study provide valuable reference information on endogenous gene expression in MDCK cells that could assist in design of drug-transporter and/or drug-enzyme interaction studies, and help interpret the contributions of various transporters and metabolic enzymes in studies with MDCK cells.
Adaptive Slope Filtering of Airborne LiDAR Data in Urban Areas for Digital Terrain Model (DTM) Generation
Authors: Susaki Junichi
Published: June 2012

A filtering algorithm is proposed that accurately extracts ground data from airborne light detection and ranging (LiDAR) measurements and generates an estimated digital terrain model (DTM). The proposed algorithm utilizes planar surface features and connectivity with locally lowest points to improve the extraction of ground points (GPs). A slope parameter used in the proposed algorithm is updated after an initial estimation of the DTM, and thus local terrain information can be included. As a result, the proposed algorithm can extract GPs from areas where different degrees of slope variation are interspersed. Specifically, along roads and streets, GPs were extracted from urban areas, from hilly areas such as forests, and from flat area such as riverbanks. Validation using reference data showed that, compared with commercial filtering software, the proposed algorithm extracts GPs with higher accuracy. Therefore, the proposed filtering algorithm effectively generates DTMs, even for dense urban areas, from airborne LiDAR data.
Les établissements de l'enseignement supérieur Culture
Authors: Sotto Marie-Françoise
Published: June 2012

Résumé Réalisée régulièrement en collaboration avec le ministère de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la recherche, l’enquête concerne les établissements publics et privés relevant de l’enseignement supérieur Culture dans les domaines des arts plastiques, du spectacle vivant, du patrimoine, du cinéma et de l’audiovisuel. Elle fait le point sur le nombre d’établissements dispensant des formations supérieures artistiques et culturelles, le nombre d’étudiants, leur répartition selon les domaines et leurs caractéristiques, et le nombre de diplômés pour l’année universitaire 2010-2011.
Hacer propio lo que es ajeno. Políticas de naturalización en América del Norte. Estados Unidos y México, siglo XIX
Authors: Pani Erika
Published: June 2012

Este artículo hace un análisis comparativo de la evolución de las leyes de naturalización en dos naciones «nuevas» de América del norte, desde la independencia y hasta principios del siglo XX, cuando se pone fin a la «Era de puertas abiertas» durante la cual las políticas migratorias habían sido favorables a quienes venían de fuera. Revela cómo las políticas de naturalización se erigieron como espacios para la expresión, por un lado, los ideales republicanos de pertenencia, y, por el otro para la regulación, por parte de la autoridad, primero estatal, después federal, de la comunidad política.
Recordar lo que no pasó: memoria y usos del olvido en torno a la recepción de los refugiados judíos del nazismo en México
Authors: Gleizer Daniela
Published: June 2012

Si bien las autoridades mexicanas cerraron las puertas del país al exilio judío durante el nazismo, el recuerdo de este episodio ha sido reconfigurado en el tiempo para convertirse en su imagen opuesta. Este artículo analiza cómo ha sido el proceso de reelaboración de la memoria colectiva —tanto en el sector gubernamental como en el de la comunidad judía— y por qué ha terminado prevaleciendo la imagen de la apertura del país hacia los refugiados judíos.
Formación de un sistema productivo: los enclaves forestales de la región chaqueño-misionera (Siglos XIX-XX)
Authors: Bitlloch Ruben E. , Sormani Horacio
Published: June 2012

El propósito de este trabajo es el de describir el proceso de desarrollo de una forma de organización de la producción que, teniendo como núcleo al obraje maderero-yerbatero y al aserradero-fábrica de tanino, tuvo lugar durante las últimas décadas del siglo XIX y la primera mitad del siglo XX en el nordeste Argentino. La denominación de enclave que le adjudicamos a estos núcleos de actividad posee un significado espacial y socio-económico ya que se caracterizaron por establecer una suerte de aislamiento físico o clausura espacial. Estos enclaves se explayaron espacialmente en un área recientemente apropiada a las comunidades indígenas configurando un dominio territorial al cual le fueron otorgando cierta configuración que fue cambiando al alterarse las condiciones en que se desenvolvía la forma de organización de la producción que le dio origen.
An Integrated Statistical Approach to Compare Transcriptomics Data across Experiments: A Case Study on the Identification of Candidate Target Genes of the Transcription Factor PPARα
Authors: Ullah Mohammad Ohid , Müller Michael , Hooiveld Guido J.E.J.
Published: June 2012

An effective strategy to elucidate the signal transduction cascades activated by a transcription factor is to compare the transcriptional profiles of wild type and transcription factor knockout models. Many statistical tests have been proposed for analyzing gene expression data, but most tests are based on pair-wise comparisons. Since the analysis of microarrays involves the testing of multiple hypotheses within one study, it is generally accepted that one should control for false positives by the false discovery rate (FDR). However, it has been reported that this may be an inappropriate metric for comparing data across different experiments. Here we propose an approach that addresses the above mentioned problem by the simultaneous testing and integration of the three hypotheses (contrasts) using the cell means ANOVA model. These three contrasts test for the effect of a treatment in wild type, gene knockout, and globally over all experimental groups. We illustrate our approach on microarray experiments that focused on the identification of candidate target genes and biological processes governed by the fatty acid sensing transcription factor PPARα in liver. Compared to the often applied FDR based across experiment comparison, our approach identified a conservative but less noisy set of candidate genes with same sensitivity and specificity. However, our method had the advantage of properly adjusting for multiple testing while integrating data from two experiments, and was driven by biological inference. Taken together, in this study we present a simple, yet efficient strategy to compare differential expression of genes across experiments while controlling for multiple hypothesis testing.
Latitudinal distribution of reactive iodine in the Eastern Pacific and its link to open ocean sources
Authors: Mahajan A. S. , Gómez Martín J. C. , Hay T. D. , Royer S.-J. , Yvon-Lewis S. , Liu Y. , Hu L. , Prados-Roman C. , Ordóñez C. , Plane J. M. C. , Saiz-Lopez A.
Published: June 2012

Abstract. Ship-based Multi-Axis Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy measurements of iodine monoxide (IO) and atmospheric and seawater Gas Chromatography – Mass Spectrometer observations of methyl iodide (CH3I) were made in the Eastern Pacific marine boundary layer during April 2010 as a part of the HaloCarbon Air Sea Transect-Pacific (HaloCAST-P) scientific cruise. The presence of IO in the open ocean environment was confirmed, with a maximum differential slant column density of 5 × 1013 molecules cm−2 (corresponding to approximately 1 pptv) measured in the oligotrophic region of the Southeastern Pacific. Such low IO mixing ratios and their observed geographical distribution are inconsistent with satellite estimates and with previous understanding of oceanic sources of iodine. A strong correlation was observed between reactive iodine (defined as IO + I) and CH3I, suggesting common sources. In situ measurements of meteorological parameters and physical ocean variables, along with satellite-based observations of Chlorophyll a (Chl a) and Chromophoric Dissolved Organic Matter (CDOM) were used to gain insight into the possible sources of iodine in this remote environment. Surprisingly, reactive iodine showed a negative correlation (>99% confidence) to Chl a and CDOM across the cruise transect. However, a significant positive correlation (>99% confidence) with sea surface temperature (SST) and salinity instead suggests a widespread abiotic source related to the availability of aqueous iodine and to temperature.
Ocean acidification limits temperature-induced poleward expansion of coral habitats around Japan
Authors: Yara Y. , Vogt M. , Fujii M. , Yamano H. , Hauri C. , Steinacher M. , Gruber N. , Yamanaka Y.
Published: June 2012

Abstract. Using results from four coupled global carbon cycle-climate models combined with in situ observations, we estimate the combined effects of future global warming and ocean acidification on potential habitats for tropical/subtropical and temperate coral communities in the seas around Japan. The suitability of the coral habitats are identified primarily on the basis of the currently observed ranges for temperature and saturation states Ω with regard to aragonite (Ωarag). We find that under the "business as usual" SRES A2 scenario, coral habitats will expand northward by several hundred kilometers by the end of this century. At the same time, coral habitats are projected to become sandwiched between the tropical regions, where the frequency of coral bleaching will increase, and the temperate-to-subpolar latitudes, where Ωarag will become too low to support sufficiently high calcification rates. As a result, the area of coral habitats around Japan that is suitable to tropical-subtropical communities will be reduced by half by the 2020s to 2030s, and is projected to disappear by the 2030s to 2040s. The suitable habitats for the temperate coral communities are also becoming smaller, although at a less pronounced rate due to their higher tolerance for low Ωarag.
Holocene climate variability in the winter rainfall zone of South Africa
Authors: Weldeab S. , Stuut J.-B. W. , Schneider R. R. , Siebel W.
Published: June 2012

Abstract. We established a multi-proxy time series comprising analyses of major elements in bulk sediments, Sr and Nd isotopes, grain size of terrigenous fraction, and δ18O and δ13C in tests of Neogloboquadrina pachyderma (sinistral) from a marine sediment sequence recovered off the Orange River. The records reveal coherent patterns of variability that reflect changes in wind strength, precipitation over the river catchments, and upwelling of cold and nutrient-rich coastal waters off Western South Africa. The wettest episode of the Holocene in the Winter Rainfall Zone (WRZ) of South Africa occurred during the "Little Ice Age" (700–100 yr BP). Wet phases were accompanied by strengthened coastal water upwellings, a decrease of Agulhas water leakage into the Southern Atlantic, and a reduced dust incursion over Antarctica. A continuous aridification trend in the WRZ and a weakening of the Southern Benguela Upwelling System (BUS) between 9000 and 5500 yr BP parallel with evidence of a poleward shift of the austral mid-latitude westerlies and an enhanced leakage of warm Agulhas water into the Southeastern Atlantic. The temporal relationship between precipitation changes in the WRZ, the thermal state of the coastal surface water, and variation of dust incursion over Antarctica suggests a causal link that most likely was related to latitudinal shifts of the Southern Hemisphere westerlies and changes in the amount of Agulhas water leakage into the Southern BUS. Our results of the mid-Holocene time interval may serve as an analogue to a possible long-term consequence of the current and future southward shift of the westerlies that may result in a decline of rainfall over Southwest Africa and a weakened upwelling with implication for phytoplankton productivity and fish stocks. Furthermore, warming of the coastal surface water as a result of warm Agulhas water incursion into the Southern BUS may affect coastal fog formation that is critical as moisture source for the endemic flora of the Namaqualand.
Logistic regression applied to natural hazards: rare event logistic regression with replications
Authors: Guns M. , Vanacker V.
Published: June 2012

Abstract. Statistical analysis of natural hazards needs particular attention, as most of these phenomena are rare events. This study shows that the ordinary rare event logistic regression, as it is now commonly used in geomorphologic studies, does not always lead to a robust detection of controlling factors, as the results can be strongly sample-dependent. In this paper, we introduce some concepts of Monte Carlo simulations in rare event logistic regression. This technique, so-called rare event logistic regression with replications, combines the strength of probabilistic and statistical methods, and allows overcoming some of the limitations of previous developments through robust variable selection. This technique was here developed for the analyses of landslide controlling factors, but the concept is widely applicable for statistical analyses of natural hazards.
Refrigerated Food Transport from Canada to Mexico: Cold Chain Challenges
Authors: Prentice Barry  E. , McLachlin Ron
Published: June 2012

Qualitative research methods are used to examine the status of the "cold chain," which serves the Mexican market for Canadian food products. A brief synopsis of Canadian food exports to Mexico is presented to establish the demand for refrigerated transport. Subsequently, the supply of refrigerated transport is considered in terms of modal choice and routes from Canada to Mexico. This is followed by a narrative of cold chain challenges identified by industry respondents. The conclusion points to some policy issues for consideration.
Equity Impacts of Transit Fare Proposals: A Case Study of AC Transit
Authors: Nuworsoo Cornelius , Deakin Elizabeth , Golub Aaron
Published: June 2012

Faced with budget shortfalls, Oakland’s AC Transit proposed five alternative fare structures combining base fare hikes or reductions, eliminating free transfers, and discontinuing passes. Using onboard survey data, we analyzed impacts of proposals on groups of riders, evaluated equity impacts, and estimated potential fare revenues. Policies that eliminated passes or transfers produced dramatically unequal impacts on lower income riders, youth, and minorities. Flat fares were least equitable even with base fare reductions because less affluent riders made more frequent trips and transfers than the more affluent. The most equitable and profitable proposals adjusted existing fare structures.
Ultrasound-Guided Regional Anaesthesia in the Paediatric Population
Authors: Gerrard Catherine , Roberts Steve
Published: June 2012

Ultrasound-guided regional anaesthesia is rapidly growing in popularity. Initially, most evidence was for the benefits when used in adults, but there is now a multitude of well-documented benefits in children. The practice of regional anaesthesia in children differs somewhat from that of adults in that in the majority of cases it is used for analgesia and performed under general anaesthesia to allow placement, rather than alone for anaesthesia as in adults. The purpose of this paper is to review the basic aspects of ultrasound regional anaesthesia before going into detail regarding specific techniques.
Accumulation and Elimination of Enrofloxacin and Ciprofloxacin in Tissues of Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei under Laboratory and Farm Conditions
Authors: Flores-Miranda Brisa Marisol , Espinosa-Plascencia Angelica , Gómez-Jiménez Silvia , López-Zavala Alonso Alexis , González-Carrillo Haydé Hayamaí , Bermúdez-Almada María del Carmen
Published: June 2012

This study aimed to quantify the accumulation and elimination of Enrofloxacin (ENRO) and Ciprofloxacin (CIPRO) in cultivated Litopenaeus vannamei under controlled laboratory and farm conditions. Laboratory- and farm-raised shrimp were given feed supplemented with 200 mg/kg ENRO for 14 days, followed by a 16-day diet without antibiotics. The levels of ENRO and CIPRO were analyzed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). In the laboratory, ENRO concentrations in the muscle and hepatopancreas reached a maximum (Cmax) of 0.54±0.26 μg/g and 3.52±1.9 μg/g, respectively; Cmax values for CIPRO in the laboratory were 0.18±0.13 μg/g (muscle) and 1.05±0.20 μg/g (hepatopancreas). In farmed shrimp, Cmax values for ENRO were 0.36±0.17 μg/g muscle and 1.60±0.82 μg/g in the hepatopancreas; CIPRO Cmax values were 0.03±0.02 μg/g (muscle) and 0.36±0.08 μg/g (hepatopancreas). Two to fourteen days were necessary to eliminate both antibiotics from muscular tissue and four to more fourteen days for complete elimination of the antibiotics from the hepatopancreas. These results should be considered in terms of minimum concentrations necessary to inhibit Vibrio bacteria to determine whether the current use of this antibiotic is effective in controlling disease.
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Discordance between Left- and Right-Hip Bone Mineral Density Using DXA
Authors: Mounach Aziza , Rezqi Asmaa , Ghozlani Imad , Achemlal Lahsen , Bezza Ahmed , El Maghraoui Abdellah
Published: June 2012

To determine the prevalence of significant left-right differences in hip bone mineral density (BMD), and the impact of this difference on osteoporosis diagnosis, we measured bilateral proximal femora using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in 3481 subjects (608 males, 2873 females). The difference between left and right hip was considered significant if it exceeded the smallest detectable difference (SDD) for any of the three hip subregions. Contralateral femoral BMD was highly correlated at all measuring sites (–0.95). However, significant left-right differences in BMD were common: the difference exceeded the SDD for 54% of patients at total hip, 52.1% at femoral neck, and 57.7% at trochanter. The prevalence of left-right differences was greater in participants >65 years. For 1169 participants with normal spines, 22 (1.9%) had discordant left-right hips in which one hip was osteoporotic; for 1349 patients with osteopenic spines, 94 (7%) had osteoporosis in one hip. Participants with BMI < 20 kg/m2 were more likely to show major T-score discordance (osteoporosis in one hip and normal BMD in the other). Multiple regression analysis showed that the only significant statically parameter that persists after adjusting for all potential confounding parameters were age over 65 years.
Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection for Treatment of Patients Aged 75 Years and over with Esophageal Cancer
Authors: Kikuchi Osamu , Mouri Hirokazu , Matsueda Kazuhiro , Yamamoto Hiroshi
Published: June 2012

Background. Although many reports concerning the use of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for esophageal cancer have been published, the feasibility of ESD in elderly patients has not been reported. Therefore, we evaluated the efficacy and safety of ESD for treating early esophageal cancer in elderly patients. Methods. A total of 62 cases (52 men, 10 women; mean age ± standard deviation, years) for which the first resection (first treatment) of esophageal cancer was performed by ESD were identified from 77 consecutive esophageal epithelial cancers in 67 patients treated at our institution from January 2005 to March 2011. Patient characteristics, clinical findings, and outcomes were retrospectively assessed for patients separated into older (aged 75 years and older) and younger (aged under 75 years) groups. Results. No significant differences in specimen size, procedure time, median length of the hospital stay (8 versus 9 days; ) or procedure-associated complications (8% versus 27%; ) were observed between the older () and younger () groups. Lesions were completely resected in 12 patients and 44 patients, in the younger and older groups, respectively, and the curative resection rate was 77% and 59%, respectively. There were no deaths attributable to procedure-associated complications. Conclusions. ESD is an effective treatment for early esophageal cancer and is well tolerated by elderly patients.
Optimization of SPE/GC/HPLC Analytical Procedure for Determination of Phenol, Quinones, and Carboxylic Acids in Water Samples
Authors: Bielicka-Daszkiewicz Katarzyna , Hadzicka Monika , Voelkel Adam
Published: June 2012

Chromatographic techniques are among the most useful analytical methods. Gas and liquid chromatography were used in the analysis of some organic compounds: phenol, hydroquinone, benzoquinone, and maleic and fumaric acids. The analytical way for the determination of these compounds in water samples was investigated. Solid-phase extraction (SPE) technique was used on the sample preparation step, different divinylbenzene-based sorbents were applied. Calibration curves of given compounds were linear over the ranges: 50–500 μg/mL for phenol and its acetic derivatives, 50–1500 μg/mL for benzoquinone in GC analysis, and 50–250 μg/mL for phenol, 40–1000 μg/mL for hydroquinone, and 4–4500 μg/mL for carboxylic acids in HPLC analysis. The LOD and LOQ of proposed analytical procedure were in the ranges of LOD: 0.042–23.83 μg/mL; LOQ: 0.138–78.64 μg/mL.