bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ISLAM DI PURWOKERTO AWAL ABAD KE-20 M
Authors: Haryanto Moch Dwi
Published: August 2022

Abstract: The 20th Century was a new phase of Dutch colonialism in Indonesia. The existence of colonialism in Indonesia brought impacts and changes in several aspects such as economic, politic, social, and culture. Some districts in Java run into a transition from a traditional society into a modern one. To muslims, the changes brought another impact. Muslim in some places in Java comonly thrive into a positive progress. It could be seen in the forming of Islamic organization, Islamic pers growth, and modernization of Islamic education. In Purwokerto, in the early 20th century, it grew and became one of the busiest cities in the district of Banyumas residency as well as one of the most important cities in the southern part of Central Java. That growth made a certain impact to Muslim community in Purwokerto. In the early 20th century, they were divided into 4 religious organizations thus are Serikat Islam, Muhammadiyah, Nahdlatul Ulama, dan Ahmadiyah. Besides, the growth of Muslim community in Purwokerto in this era was along with the growth of Christianity and Chatolic community which was introduced by Dutch Colony. Therefore, this research aims to find out had Muslim community in Purwokerto made progress as were in other common district in Java in that era or vice versa? and why?Abstrak: Abad ke-20 merupakan babak baru penjajahan Belanda di Indonesia. Adanya kolonialisme di Indonesia membawa dampak dan perubahan dalam beberapa aspek seperti ekonomi, politik, sosial, dan budaya. Beberapa kabupaten di Jawa mengalami transisi dari masyarakat tradisional menjadi masyarakat modern. Bagi umat Islam, perubahan itu membawa dampak lain. Umat Islam di beberapa tempat di Jawa umumnya tumbuh subur menjadi kemajuan yang positif. Hal itu dapat dilihat dalam pembentukan organisasi Islam, pertumbuhan pers Islam, dan modernisasi pendidikan Islam. Di Purwokerto, pada awal abad ke-20 tumbuh dan menjadi salah satu kota tersibuk di kabupaten Karesidenan Banyumas sekaligus salah satu kota terpenting di Jawa Tengah bagian selatan. Pertumbuhan tersebut memberikan dampak tersendiri bagi komunitas Muslim di Purwokerto. Pada awal abad ke-20, mereka terbagi menjadi 4 organisasi keagamaan yaitu Serikat Islam, Muhammadiyah, Nahdlatul Ulama, dan Ahmadiyah. Selain itu, pertumbuhan komunitas Muslim di Purwokerto pada era ini sejalan dengan pertumbuhan komunitas Kristen dan Katholik yang diperkenalkan oleh Koloni Belanda. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah umat Islam di Purwokerto mengalami kemajuan seperti di kabupaten-kabupaten lain di Jawa pada masa itu atau sebaliknya? dan mengapa?
KEBIJAKAN PENDIDIKAN PEMERINTAH HINDIA BELANDA DAN RESPON UMAT ISLAM DI JAMBI (TAHUN 1915-1942 M)
Authors: Transiska Rizki
Published: August 2022

Abstract: The history of education in Jambi is inseparable from Islam as a religion as well as the socio-political sutuation in Jambi at that time. Islamic educational institutions in the form of madrassas in Jambi began to exist in 1915 AD. At that time the Dutch East Indies government was in power in Jambi. To perpetuate its power, the Dutch East Indies government issued policies. One of he policies was used to suppress islamic education which was a scourge for the Dutch East Indies government. These policies include ethical politics, teacher ordonances, and wild school ordonances wich are also implemented in Jambi. This study aims to describe the implementation of colonial educational policies in jambi and the attitudes of muslims in responding to these poliecies.Abstrak: Sejarah pendidikan di Jambi tidak terlepas dari Islam sebagai agama serta situasi sosial politik di Jambi saat itu. Lembaga pendidikan Islam berupa madrasah di Jambi mulai ada pada tahun 1915 Masehi. Saat itu pemerintahan Hindia Belanda sedang berkuasa di Jambi. Untuk melanggengkan kekuasaannya, pemerintah Hindia Belanda mengeluarkan kebijakan. Salah satu kebijakannya digunakan untuk menekan pendidikan Islam yang menjadi momok bagi pemerintah Hindia Belanda. Kebijakan tersebut meliputi politik etis, tata tertib guru, dan tata tertib sekolah liar yang juga diterapkan di Jambi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan implementasi kebijakan pendidikan kolonial di jambi dan sikap umat Islam dalam menyikapi kebijakan tersebut.
SEJARAH KERAJINAN KULIT DI KELURAHAN SONOREJO, KECAMATAN SUKOHARJO, KABUPATEN SUKOHARJO, TAHUN 1970 – 2016 M
Authors: Nusiana Salma , - Herawati
Published: August 2022

Abstract: Sonorejo is one of the areas in the Sukoharjo district that made handicrafts animal skins through home industry. Leather handicrafts are produced puppet on cow and buffalo leather since the 1970s. The market of handicrafts leather distributed to souvenir centers outside Sukoharjo City. Most of the puppet crafts are made to fulfill the puppeteer's orders for performances. This narrow marketing circle provides other innovation for craftsmen to make new crafts, namely calligraphy. In 1980 the craftsmen went to various areas such as Jakarta, Bandung and Surabaya to learn to make calligraphy using goat skin as media. The economic crisis that occurred in 1997-1998 led to a decline in the production of shadow puppets in several home industries in Sonorejo, which eventually led to many craftsmen turning to new innovations, calligraphy. Based on these reasons, this scientific study intends to analyze and describe the conditions of the leather handicrafts in Sonorejo Village and the dynamics of the development of the leather industry in Sonorejo. Abstrak: Kelurahan sonorejo adalah salah satu wilayah di Kecamatan Sukoharjo yang mengembangakan produk industri rumahan yaitu kerajinan dari kulit hewan. Kerajinan yang dibuat yaitu wayang pada media kulit sapi dan kerbau sejak tahun 1970an. Pemasaran kerajinan kulit didistribusikan ke sentra oleh-oleh di luar kota Sukoharjo. Sebagian besar kerajinan wayang dibuat untuk memenuhi pesanan dalang untuk pertunjukkan. Lingkaran pemasaran yang sempit ini membuat pengrajin setempat memutuskan untuk mengembangkan kerajinan kulit yang lain yaitu kaligrafi. Tahun 1980 para pengrajin menyantrik ke berbagai daerah seperti Jakarta, Bandung, dan Surabaya untuk belajar membuat kaligrafi dengan media kulit kambing. Krisis ekonomi yang terjadi tahun 1997-1998 membawa imbas menurunnya produksi wayang kulit di Sonorejo yang kemudian pengrajin beralih membuat kerajinan kaligrafi. Berdasarkan alasan tersebut kajian ilmiah ini bermaksud untuk menganalisis dan mendeskripsikan bagaimana kondisi kerajinan kulit di kelurahan Sonorejo dan bagaimana dinamika perkembangan industri kerajinan kulit di Sonorejo.
El cambio de políticas en la formación continua y desarrollo profesional docente en México: Transiciones, postergaciones y desafíos
Authors: Romero Gonzaga Rosalina
Published: August 2022

El artículo examina los cambios en las políticas de formación continua y desarrollo profesional docente en periodos de reformas educativas desde el campo de los estudios de política (policy studies), a partir de una investigación documental y entrevistas semiestructuradas a actores educativos participantes con el propósito de identificar los cambios en las políticas de formación continua y desarrollo profesional docente en la educación básica y media superior en periodos de reformas educativas y mostrar el potencial analítico del régimen de políticas como un marco analítico fructífero para comprender las políticas de formación continua como como procesos de decisión con implicaciones políticas y técnicas. Los hallazgos sugieren que desde el régimen de políticas el contexto internacional favorece una serie de arreglos y ajustes de poder que forzaron los cambios en las políticas de formación continua y desarrollo profesional a nivel nacional a pesar de la débil y deficiente regulación organizacional e institucional que desencadenó resultados equivocados y nocivos.
The Effectiveness of the Family Program (PKH) Management for Poverty Reduction in Karang Tempel Village, East Semarang District, Semarang City, Central Java, Indonesia
Authors: Ginting Rosalina , Noor Munawar , Widodo Suwarno , Istyaningsih Rusmiyatun
Published: August 2022

The problem study of this research was how effective the Family Hope Program management for Poverty Reduction. The purpose of the study was to describe and analyze the effectiveness and the driving/inhibiting factors for the program management. The theoretical basis of this research is that public policy is a policy made by the government as a policy maker to achieve certain goals in society which in its preparation go through various stages. Policy implementation was considered as a process of moving toward a policy objective by means of administrative and political steps. The implementation of this policy is not only concerned with the mechanism of elaborating political decisions into routine procedures through bureaucratic channels, but more than that, it concerns the issue of conflict, the decision of who gets what from a policy. Effectiveness was a criterion for selecting various alternatives to be used as recommendations based on the consideration of whether the recommended alternative provides maximum results (effect), regardless of efficiency considerations. Effectiveness emphasized more on aspects of the goals of an organization, so if an organization has succeeded in achieving the goals that have been set, it has achieved effectiveness. This research type was the field research which aimed to study intensively about the background of the current situation, and the interactions of the social environment, individuals, groups, institutions, or communities. The results of this study indicated that the PKH program has not been fully effective due to various program constraints. Recommendation: this program requires a simple and easy to implement program mechanism model
Political Robbery and Armed Robbery in Nigeria: A Comparative Approach
Authors: Egharevba Edebiri Stanley , Osayande Sunny , Odemwingie Osahon
Published: August 2022

The incidences of armed robbery in Nigeria have attained gross sinister dimension following the introduction of more sophisticated weapons. Armed robbery is a serious criminal offence which deserves grave sanctions, and so is political robbery. In fact, political robbery deserves more sanction because it is far worse than armed robbery and could be proven to be precursor to armed robbery and other social vices. Handlers of the Political sphere are laden with the responsibility of proper management of the nation’s common patrimony. However, this particular function as observed in some cases, has been grossly bastardized as it has become a medium of parochial but stupendous financial aggrandizement for self and family enhancement to the detriment of the general populace. This paper brings to the fore how political robbery (corruption) engenders social vices like armed robbery, kidnapping, etc. as its cases crawls without a conclusive end. The paper quizzes the similarities and differences between political robbery and armed robbery – which are basically two sides of a coin, but are accorded disproportionate sanctions. While political robbers usually get a slap-on-the-wrist sentence or a back pocket fine, armed robbers are daily railroaded to prisons.
Gender Diversity and Productivity of Companies in Harare, Zimbabwe
Authors: Nhengu Dudziro , Murairwa Stanley
Published: August 2022

This research empirically investigated the nexus between gender diversity (and gender intelligence) and company productivity among one hundred companies that were purposely selected in Harare in Zimbabwe. While the literature analysis views the labour force as comprising a sheer team of male and female employees, the recent researches proved that gender balanced corporate boards and employees have a positive bearing on the performance, development and productivity of the companies. Gender diversity in production team members has potential to encourage more innovation, collective intelligence, different skills-sets and emotional perspectives to decision-making, compared to gender imbalanced production team members. A culture of inclusiveness creates a conducive environment for a company to be able to attract and retain the best employees and manufacture more germane products that suit expectations of an evolving and more profitable market place. At the same time women entering the production industry face a number of social and cultural factors that in the long run would shape the challenges that they experience including discrimination, poverty and limited access to financial loans. These challenges are costly to production and the benefits of closing such gaps are important to industrial productivity. Both the Beijing Platform for Action and the Sustainable Development Goals argue that providing women and girls with equal access to decent work and representation in political and economic decision-making processes would fuel sustainable economies and benefit societies and humanity at large. The research undertakes key informant interviews with company executives to assess levels of access to finance and business related opportunities in sole male companies, sole female companies and the diversified gender companies; administers questionnaires to the company’s executives to gauge performance of male and female workers and holds three focus group discussions to assess views and register attitudes of employees. The research concluded that gender diversity and company productivity are related.
Understanding Flipped Classroom in the EFL Context: A Gender-Based Perspective
Authors: Alghamdi Farah Rashed , Almalki Mansoor S.
Published: August 2022

This study aims to investigate students’ perspectives towards flipped classrooms (FCs) while determining their preferences and suggestions for better FC practices. All participants were required to watch videos before the lectures and to practice the content within the class. Both qualitative and quantitative methods were used, and data were gathered through a survey and semi-structured interviews. The participants were in their first and second years. The results illustrated that both genders indicated positive perceptions towards FCs, with females reacting more positively than males. The FC model was preferred over the traditional classroom due to its enhancement of engagement and motivation, with males showing high satisfaction with technology out-of-class, indicating that it reinforced self-learning performance. Most male participants reported that they preferred instructor explanations over videos. Both genders recommended having different materials alongside video lectures that were short and supplemented with pictures to increase engagement. Considering the findings, practical implications were recommended.
Teachers’ Responsibilities in Accommodate Parents to Improve Students’ Academic Attainment
Authors: Ramalingam Shanti , Balakrishnan Rukmani Devi , Machappan Kalidass
Published: August 2022

The objective of this research is to identify the teachers’ responsibilities in helping parents to improve students’ academic attainment. This research will focus on how the school manage the teachers’ responsibilities within these four main aspects, i.e., parenthood, communication, home schooling and volunteerism which can help to increase students’ academic development. One hundred of Year 6 students at West Country Barat Primary School became the sample of this research and a set of questionnaires were used as the instrument. All the data were processed by using SPSS software to identify the mean score, frequency percentage, Pearson Correlation and One Way ANOVA. The findings of the research indicated a positive significant relationship between the direct roles of teachers and also school management in assisting parents to improve students’ academic achievement in the aspect of volunteerism. Several suggestions were also made to improve teachers’ responsibilities and school management in assisting parents to improve students’ academic achievement in the aspects of communication, parenthood and home schooling.
COVID-19 and the state of mental health challenges among Women, Girls and Children: the case of Nigeria
Authors: Etinosa Egharevba Matthew , Gbadebo Adejomo , Olawale Olonade Yunusa , Oke Ugbenu , Gayus Kasa Adamu
Published: August 2022

Health is a resource for daily existence and wellbeing. Mental, social, emotional, spiritual, psychological and physical health constitute an overall essence of that well-being. The COVID-19 epidemic has had a profoundly negative impact on women, children, and society as a whole by causing unfathomable loss, grief, pain, and solitude. The pandemic has pushed many families into poverty and exacerbated conditions of inequality with women and children exposed to violence and other deprivation which deeply impacted on their mental health. The study employed the use of content analysis of secondary sources of data, and the social stress, social model and general strain theories constituting the theoretical framework for examining the subject under investigation. The findings of the study demonstrated that the prevalence of mental disorders among women and children is rising, with serious human rights and socio-economic repercussions as a result of poverty and gender inequality. Furthermore, the majority of those suffering from mental health issues are unable to get the crucial medical and social care they need. The study's recommendation emphasized the need to address issues of poverty, inequality, and gender inequality as well as make sure that Nigeria's national and sustainable development policies and programmes must address the serious mental health problems that women and children currently face as well as those that will arise after the post-Covid-19 era.
“Disgrace, Distress and Death: Traumatized Women in Partition Fiction”
Authors: Gautam Devi Prasad
Published: August 2022

This paper analyzes fictional works written around the massive violence of Partition of South Asia into two nations--India and Pakistan--in 1947. It reads short stories such as Saadat Hasan Manto’s “The Return,” Kartar Singh Duggal’s “Kulsum,” Khadija Mastur’s “They Are Taking Me Away, Father, They Are Taking Me Away,” and Ghulam Abbas’s “Avtar: A Hindu Myth;” and novels like Khushwant Singh’s Train to Pakistan, Bapsi Sidhwa’s Cracking India, Bhisham Sahni’s Tamas, and Chaman Nahal’s Azadi to examine the impact of the genocidal violence specifically on female characters. The study finds that the fictional texts corroborate with the theoretical arguments of scholars such as Urvashi Butalia, and Ritu Menon and Kamla Bhasin that notwithstanding the suffering of millions of people, the irrational Partition made women the worst victims of the subcontinent’s tragedy highlighting the moments when they are abducted, raped, kept as mistresses, forced to work as prostitutes, traded, or even killed. The texts show that—despite rare moments of women’s agency—men from the warring communities in both nations sexually exploit vulnerable women mostly from the opposing community. The paper argues that the scenes of intense physical and psychological pain of women depicting their dishonor, disgrace, distress, trauma, or death in the examined works reveal that men assaulted vulnerable women not only to flaunt their own manliness but also to demean the religion and the manhood of the victimized community.
The Effects of Business Strategy (Prospector and Defender) on Business Performance with Entrepreneurial Orientation as Mediating Variable and Social Media Usage as Moderating Variable on MSME at Surabaya
Authors: Priscillia Cynthia M. , Tjahjadi Bambang , Wulani Fenika
Published: August 2022

Micro Small Medium Enterprise (MSME) had been acknowledged as one of the biggest drivers of the national economy. In order to achieve better performance, MSME must have a good strategy. The purpose of this study is to prove the influence of business strategy on business performance. This study uses prospector and defender strategy and also entrepreneurial orientation as a mediating variable and social media usage as a moderating variable. The respondent is 137 MSME under Surabaya Kriya Gallery Reborn Siola (one of MSME’s incubator that managed by the city government). The data was acquired using an online questionnaire and analysed using SmartPLS 3.0. The finding of this paper is business strategy (prospector and defender) confirmed to influence firm performance, with prospector having the higher value than defender. Entrepreneurial orientation is confirmed as a mediating variable but for defender strategy only. Social media usage is also confirmed as a moderating variable to overall business strategy, but this study found that there is no moderating effect if it is for prospector or defender. These findings contribute to adding more information about strategy (prospector and defender), entrepreneurial orientation and social media usage in a term of MSME performance. The future research can examine prospector and defender as a moderating variable or social media usage as an antecedent variable. Future research can conduct the research in one specific industry only instead of general industries.
Translingual English discrimination: loss of academic sense of belonging, the hiring order of things, and students from the Global South
Authors: Dryden Stephanie , Dovchin Sender
Published: August 2022

Global North settings such as Australia are an attractive option for prospective students from the Global South to undertake tertiary studies. Using Linguistic Ethnography, we investigate the experiences that postgraduate students from the Global South have when studying in Australian university settings, to understand how translingual English discrimination affects them. We find that many students from the Global South encounter situations of translingual English discrimination, which affect their academic sense of belonging and the hiring order of things. Being penalised for their linguistic practises in their assignment work, or being provided with unclear and insufficient information during the early stages of their studies can both result in a loss of sense of academic belonging. These students may also be affected by the hiring order of things through additional barriers in gaining university employment due to perceptions that they have linguistic, work experience and qualification shortcomings, despite strong evidence to the contrary. We outline the implications of these forms of translingual English discrimination and recommend institutional changes to address these discriminatory actions.
In-line measurement and modeling of temperature, pressure, and blowing agent dependent viscosity of polymer melts
Authors: Schaible Tobias , Bonten Christian
Published: August 2022

During processing and bubble growth processes, the melt viscosity changes with temperature, pressure, and blowing agent concentration. Therefore, measurement and prediction methods for viscosity characterization in terms of temperature, pressure, and blowing agent dependency are needed. This study demonstrates the applicability of in-line viscosity measurements during the foam injection molding process and a model for viscosity superposition and prediction. In the present study, polystyrene and a modified polylactide for foaming applications with nitrogen as blowing agent are investigated. By changing the injection speed, temperature, and blowing agent concentration, the process conditions are varied, and thus the resulting pressure drops within the in-line measurement die. The calculated shear rates and viscosities are shifted to a master curve by the application of superposition principles. The viscosity dependency on temperature is described by the Arrhenius equation, the pressure by the Barus equation, and for the blowing agent concentration, a novel Barus-like equation was derived and applied. The prediction of the master curve viscosity function was achieved by the power-law model in combination with the superposition principles and showed good agreement with the shifted in-line data. Finally, the in-line measurements and viscosity predictions are validated by comparing them to rotational and capillary rheometer measurements.
Suspicious Minds in Basic Income and Conditional Cash Transfers
Authors: García Valverde Facundo
Published: August 2022

Anti-poverty policies and attitudes of distrust toward the needy share a long history. From the narratives of de Quevedo’s El Buscón, in which beggars are presented as able-bodied individuals making a concerted effort to take advantage of others, to the invasive physical tests and “workhouses” that were part of the English Poor Laws, the poor have long been regarded as deserving careful oversight. Although in increasingly subtle ways, this history continues as part of a popular set of policies in Latin America called “Conditional Cash Transfers,” which make income support conditional on certain behavioral changes. This paper argues that this resumption in recent times is normatively problematic because it harms the beneficiaries’ self-esteem, leading to stereotypes and sociological errors that reproduce social hierarchies. Alternatively, the paper advances a comparative defense of Basic Income on the basis of its lesser-known affinity with non-discriminatory attitudes.
Testosterone analysis in castrated prostate cancer patients: suitability of the castration cut-off and analytical accuracy of the present-day clinical immunoassays
Authors: van Winden Lennart Jan , Lentjes Eef G.W.M. , Demir Ayse Y. , Huijgen Henk J. , Bergman Andries Marinus , van der Poel Henk G. , van Rossum Huub H.
Published: August 2022

Objectives

Testosterone testing is relevant for evaluating castration adequacy and diagnosis of castration-resistant prostate cancer (PCa). However, the recommended testosterone cut-off of 1.7 nmol/L (50 ng/dL) to define adequate castration is based on consensus and not validated for the automated immunoassays (AIA) used in today’s medical laboratories. Furthermore, appropriate population intervals have not been determined by a state-of-the-art assay. We investigated the analytical suitability of this cut-off and the accuracy of the present-day AIAs for testosterone analysis in castrated PCa patients.

Methods

Leftover serum from 120 PCa patients castrated with luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonists was analysed for testosterone by five methods: Architect i2000 (Abbott), Access (Beckman), Cobas 6000 (Roche), Atellica (Siemens), LC-MS/MS. For all assays, the castration 95th, 97.5th and 99th percentile upper limits were determined. Furthermore, Passing-Bablok regression, mean bias and Spearman’s correlation coefficients were compared to the LC-MS/MS method and total error based on biological variation.

Results

All castration upper limits, ranging from 0.472 nmol/L (LC-MS/MS) to 1.25 nmol/L (Access) (95% percentile), were significantly lower than the current castration cut-off (1.7 nmol/L). Slopes of Passing-Bablok regressions comparing the AIA with the LC-MS/MS method ranged from 1.4 (Cobas and Atellica) to 3.8 (Access). The Architect showed the highest correlation with LC-MS/MS (ρ=0.58). All AIA failed to meet the desirable total error criterion.

Conclusions

These results suggest that a lower general testosterone castration cut-off may be more appropriate in evaluating the adequacy of castration in PCa and that present-day AIA lack analytical accuracy to quantify testosterone levels in castrated PCa.
Antiochus of Ascalon’s ‘Platonic’ Ethics
Authors: Trabattoni Franco
Published: August 2022

This article focuses on the Platonic version of the doctrine ofoikeiosisset forth by Piso in Cicero’sDe finibus, Book V. The article aims to show that: 1) Cicero’s account, while clearly having Stoic features, is also consistent with the eudaemonistic character of Socrates’ and Plato’s ethics; 2) the replacement ofoikeiosiswith “assimilation to god”, attested in a passage of the Anonymous Commentary on Plato’sTheaetetus, derives from the intent to remove Epicurean egoistic connotations from Plato’s ethics; according to the Anonymous, the Stoicoikeiosisalone would not suffice to attain this purpose.
Addressing nonlinear İmpairments in fiber optic communication system utilizing novel modulation schemes
Authors: Armghan Ammar
Published: August 2022

Nonlinear long haul optical transmission systems (NLOTSs) are a highlighted research area in the telecommunication sector. The importance of NLOTSs is increased, by reason of system volume, number of channels and transmission span demands. To achieve the current goals in the telecommunication industry, the system faces remedies called refractive index related nonlinearities (RIrNs). These nonlinearities cause performance discreditation of NLOTSs. In this paper, RIrNs are estimated and treated for NLOTS. This is achieved by applying modulation format indicators and amplitude deviation analysis. Channel spacing, input power, system capacity, fiber length, and quantity of channels parameters are used with reference to optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) and bit error rate (BER) to simulate the preferred NLOTS model.
The (Ab)use of freedom of speech and the 1788Ismaël-controversy: the legal limitations and affordances of a parodic periodical in the Dutch Republic
Authors: Dongen Emanuel van , Veldhuizen Martine
Published: August 2022

This article highlights a fascinating legal wrestling match over the legal limits of free speech through humorous artistic works in the late eighteenth century – just before freedom of speech became a constitutional right. It concerned the parodic item “Reports from Babel” in an issue of the anonymous Dutch journalIsmaëlfrom 15 September 1788. The city of Utrecht and specific authorities were allegedly targeted who in turn prosecuted the local sellers of these perceived libels, Gijsbert Timon van Paddenburg and Justus Visch. The controversy is studied through the political-historical background of the Orangists, who had been returned to power following a turbulent period. The arguments of the court and the parties involved are analysed, as well as the reception of the Roman law of iniuria – specifically regarding libels. Literary and philosophical-linguistic theories are employed to gain insight into the way this particular parody as a form of free speech was perceived as dangerous to late-eighteenth-century society. We show that these defendants exploited the ambiguity of parodic language as part of their defense strategy. Nonetheless, the judicial authorities dismissed these language-based arguments, ultimately condemning the two booksellers with the considerable fine of 1000 guilders. This legal-historical discussion of humorous artistic works, such asIsmaël, highlights the complex relationship between libel laws and free speech.
Globale Momente, nationale Interessen. Humanitäre Hilfe zwischen Ökonomisierung und Universalisierung des Opfers: Der Völkermord an den Armeniern (1894–1923)
Authors: Przyrembel Alexandra
Published: July 2022

Der Aufsatz argumentiert, dass der Genozid an den Armeniern die Wirkung eines globalen Moments hatte, und dies auf mehreren Ebenen. So wird erstens gezeigt, dass die international vernetzte Armenien-Hilfe ein zentrales Scharnier zwischen einer religiös begründeten und einer zunehmend marktorientierten Organisation humanitärer Hilfe war. Es wird zweitens dargelegt, dass sich um 1900 spezifische Narrative und Bilder kollektiver staatlicher Gewalt herausgebildet haben, die bis in das 20. Jahrhundert hinein Vorstellungen extremer Gewalt prägten und so eine performative Wirkung entfalteten. Und schließlich wird drittens herausgearbeitet, dass diese Vorstellung von Gewalt eng mit einer spezifischen Opferdarstellung verflochten war.
Comparison of antithyroid effects and hepatic complications of methimazole with catechin and its nanoencapsulation form in adult male rats
Authors: Mohamadizadeh Esmaeil , Arabi Mehdi Sheikh , Hojati Vida , Vaezi Gholamhassan , Hosseini Seyed Mehran
Published: August 2022

Objectives

Methimazole is an antithyroid drug and is used clinically in hyperthyroidism. Liver dysfunction is one of the side effects of methimazole. Catechins are natural flavonoids and have antioxidant, antithyroid, and liver protection effects. Despite the wide range of biological properties of catechins, their effective use is limited due to poor water solubility, low stability, and low bioavailability. Catechin niosomal nanoencapsulation improves the properties of catechin and increases its antioxidant activities.

Methods

Niosomal vesicles were synthesized by the Thin Film Hydration method and their physicochemical characteristics, morphology, and percentage of trapped catechin in them were determined by dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and spectrophotometry, respectively. In this study, 32 adult male rats were divided into 4 groups: control, 50 mg/kg methimazole, 100 mg/kg catechin, and 100 mg/kg nanocapsule niosomal form of catechin. The drugs were administered orally and the duration of treatment was 8 weeks. Then, the serum concentration of thyroid hormones and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method, and serum liver function tests were performed using an autoanalyzer. The activities of hepatic oxidative enzymes were measured spectrophotometrically.

Results

Our study showed that the percentage of catechin encapsulation in the niosome was calculated to be 51%. A significant difference was observed in the catechin and encapsulated catechin treatment groups compared to the methimazole group (p <0.0001). In all three treatment groups of methimazole, catechin, and niosomal nanocapsule catechin, serum levels of TT3, TT4, FT3, FT4, body weight and daily consumption of water and food were significantly reduced compared to the control group (p <0.0001).

Conclusions

The antithyroid effects of catechin and its encapsulated form were comparable to methimazole. Also, the encapsulation improved the hepatoprotective effects of catechin.
Crystal structure of N
2,N
6-bis(2-(((E)-naphthalen-1-ylmethylene)amino)phenyl)pyridine-2,6-dicarboxamide, C41H29N5O2
Authors: Zhao Wen-Ze
Published: August 2022

C41H29N5O2, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 12.4919(10) Å, b = 19.4010(15) Å, c = 13.2741(11) Å, β = 103.319(2)°, V = 3130.5(4) Å3, Z = 4, R

gt
(F) = 0.0557, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.1746, T = 293(2) K.
Italian Verbs with Two Auxiliaries: A Forced-Choice Experiment
Authors: Rastelli Stefano
Published: August 2022

In this experiment, 62 university students, native speakers of Italian living in Northern Italy, were asked to choose between two nearly identical sentences featuring intransitive verbs which, according to the literature, can take either auxiliary (AUX)essere“be” oravere“have” in compound tenses. A binary logistic regression showed that for 40% of the time, participants preferred one AUX over the other. In general, the frequency of verbs and association scores between the AUX and the past participle in the input straightforwardly determined the remaining preferences, and especially the choice ofessere. The impact of verb semantics on participants’ choices depended on the AUX. In the presence of telic completions and inanimate subjects, the likelihood of AUXessereto be chosen increased, whereas no effect of animacy and completion type was found for the AUXavere. Based on these data, one may conclude that (a) AUXessereis more permeable to both frequency effect and verb semantics thanavere; and (b) among educated young adult native speakers living in Northern Italy, there is much less optionality in the choice of the AUX than it is assumed by some linguists.
A Framework for Supporting Well-being using the Character Computing Ontology - Anxiety and Sleep Quality during COVID-19
Authors: Bolock Alia El , Abdennadher Slim , Herbert Cornelia
Published: August 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic is affecting human behavior, increasing the demand for the cooperation between psychologists and computer scientists to develop technology solutions that can help people in order to promote well-being and behavior change. According to the conceptual Character-Behavior-Situation (CBS) triad of Character Computing, behavior is driven by an individual’s character (trait and state markers) and the situation. In previous work, a computational ontology for Character Computing (CCOnto) has been introduced. The ontology can be extended with domain-specific knowledge for developing applications for inferring certain human behaviors to be leveraged for different purposes. In this paper, we present a framework for developing applications for dealing with changes in well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic. The framework can be used by psychology domain experts and application developers. The proposed model allows the input of heuristic rules as well as data-based rule extraction for inferring behavior. In this paper, we present how CCOnto is extended with components of physical and mental well-being and how the framework uses the extended domain ontologies in applications for evaluating sleep habits, anxiety, and depression predisposition during the COVID-19 pandemic based on user-input data.
Principle Component Analysis Based Risk Evaluation Model for Heavy Metal Pollution in Soil in E-waste Incineration Sites in a Smart City
Authors: Yang Shan , Yan Jiao , Yang Hongyan , Li Zhao , Wei Yong
Published: August 2022

In order to improve the accuracy of risk evaluation of heavy metal pollution in soil in e-waste incineration sites, a risk evaluation model of heavy metal pollution in soil in e-waste incineration sites is designed. In this study, taking an e-waste incineration site as an example, the analytical materials and reagents are proposed, and the risk evaluation model of heavy metal pollution in soil in e-waste incineration site is established through the establishment of risk evaluation index, principal component analysis, and comprehensive evaluation so as to realize the risk evaluation of heavy metal pollution in soil in e-waste incineration site. The effectiveness of the evaluation model is verified, which proves that the model has higher evaluation accuracy and less evaluation time.
Association Of Vesico-Vaginal Fistula to The Congenital Ureter Abnormality: About Two Cases in Two African Countries
Authors: Jean de Dieu Yunga Foma , Mervyn Venge , Maheshe Chamutu , Moussa Guiro , O.M Ogoudjobi , A. Christiane Tshabu , R-X Perrin
Published: August 2022

A significant number of preventable deaths occur during pregnancy and childbirth in developing countries where maternal mortality ranges from 500 to 1000 per 100,000 live births; for every woman who dies, an estimated 16 to 30 more survive with preventable complications. Obstetric fistula can be considered the most tragic complication during childbirth. WHO estimates that there are about 2 million cases of VVF worldwide and 50,000 to 100,000 new cases each year. [5, 6] The vast majority of cases are reported in sub-Saharan Africa and Southeast Asia where qualified obstetric assistance is random. Obstetric fistulas are thus a major public health problem in poor countries. Obstetric fistula is an abnormal communication between the urinary tract (the ureter, bladder and urethra) and/or digestive (rectum), on the other hand the genitals (the uterus and vagina) occurring during delivery. Various types of fistula are distinguished: uretero-vaginal fistulas, vesico-uterine fistulas and vesico-vaginal fistulas (VVFs). These take into account uretro- vaginal fistulas. RVF, associated or not with a VVF, is a communication between the rectum and the vagina. The most common are VVFs. Many etiologies are recognized in VVFs, but studies in Africa have shown that in the majority of cases, are of obstetric cause. Obstetric Fistula occurs as a result of obstructed labor characterized by prolonged delivery without the possibility of caesarean section. Uretero-vaginal fistula is characterized by the ectopic drainage of the ureter in the vagina causing a permanent flow of urine through the vagina. Although the congenital origin is rare, iatrogenic etiology remains common during a caesarean section or poorly performed hysterectomy. It results from a ligation or damage of the ureter at its crossing with the uterine artery. The ureter attached to the vaginal wall eventually drains urine into the vagina within a few hours or days of the procedure. Duplicity and uretero-pyelic bifidity are rare abnormal uropathies whose surgical discovery is the most common diagnostic method in developing countries where high-tech diagnostic method is not affordable. The rarity of the pathology and the non-systematic prescription of certain analysis (as IVU) for the preoperative assessment of urogenital fistulas justify the paucity of the literature on this subject.
Preparation, gradient extraction and surface polarity-dependent antibacterial properties of cockscomb seeds-derived carbon dots
Authors: Han S. , Wang J. , Meng K. , Li W. X. , Yang J. J. , Li W. G. , Wang X. L. , Li L. L. , Huo Z. C. , Liu X. X.
Published: August 2022

Cockscomb seeds-derived carbon dots (CSCDs) were fabricated by hydrothermal method with common cockscomb seeds. The prepared CSCDs exhibit selectively antibacterial properties towards Gram-positive bacterias, such as Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis). Then, the CSCDs were separated to three groups with lipophilic, amphipathic and hydrophilic ones by simple gradient extraction. Interestingly, the three groups of CSCDs exhibited different antibacterial activities, and the amphipathic CSCDs(ACSCDs) showed best bacterial inhibition. This phenomenon might stem from the surface properties of the amphipathic CSCDs, which have both hydrophilic region and hydrophilic region on the surface. The structure might help the samples to penetrate the bacterial membrane more easily, and finally cause apoptosis. This work not only supplied a novel antibacterial carbon dots, but also further revealed that surface chemistry might be an important factor which could affect the bactericidal performance of carbon dots.
Fabrication of CdS/Ag/LPTNSs heterojunctions for visible light driven photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutant
Authors: Jin Y. X. , Guo T. T. , Wang M. H. , Tan J. , Ma H. X. , Lian Y.
Published: August 2022

Ternary CdS/Ag/LPTNSs heterojunctions were prepared by a two-step method. The prepared photocatalysts were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), specific surface area analyzer (BET), photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy and photoelectrochemical (PEC) measurement. The results showed that the prepared LPTNSs had lamellar multilayer structure and uniformly distributed silver particles and CdS on their surface. The PEC and PL results show that the formation of ternary heterojunction structure can improve the efficiency of photogenerated electron and hole separation. Under visible light irradiation, the photodegradation of methylene blue (MB) in the presence of various photocatalysts showed that photocatalytic performance of CdS/Ag/LPTNSs was better than that of P25, LPTNSs, CdS, Ag/LPTNSs and CdS/LPTNSs. A maximum removal efficiency of MB reached 84% within 90 min over CdS/Ag/LPTNSs. Moreover, the kinetic constant of CdS/Ag/LPTNSs is 11.8, 10.4, 4.3, 2.4 and 1.7 times as much as that of P25, LPTNSs, CdS, Ag/LPTNSs and CdS/LPTNSs, respectively. In addition, the repeated photodegradation study showed that CdS/Ag/LPTNSs exhibited good stability, and the removal rate still reached 83% after 4 cycles. This work provides a simple and low-cost method for the synthesis of ternary CdS/Ag/LPTNSs nanocomposite to photocatalytic degradation of organic pollution.
Effect of annealing on thin film AgInSe2 solar cell
Authors: Sobhi S. N. , Hussein B. H.
Published: August 2022

AgInSe2 (AIS) thin films solar cell involving of n-type AgInSe2 and Si of p-type substrate by using thermal evaporation method. The influence of annealing of the preparation AgInSe2 were considered to find the best properties of solar device. Thin film AIS have been deposited under the vacuum of 1.5*10-6 Torr with (400) nm thickness at R.T and annealing temperatures (473,573) K. Polycrystalline tetragonal structure for AIS thin films from XRD and increasing of surface roughness from AFM, energy gap values decreasing with increasing annealing temperatures, all films were negative type, I-V characteristics show increasing of efficiency with increasing of annealing temperatures.
The Impact of Government Actions Under Public Emergencies on The Employment Quality of Medical College Graduates: Chinese Doctors During Covid-19
Authors: Qi Lu , Ibrahim Nurhani Aba , Bin Shan
Published: July 2022

This study examines the changes in the evaluation of the employment quality of Chinese doctors during the COVID-19 pandemic under the intervention of government actions. In June 2020, 563 doctors were selected to conduct an employment quality survey in western China. This employment quality survey mainly focuses on social identity, work value and organizational behavior commitment from three dimensions, and tests the impact of government actions on the employment quality of Chinese doctors in the face of job risk and increased work pressure through the form of questionnaire. The results of hierarchical analysis and regression analysis show that after the outbreak of COVID-19, under the intervention of government actions, the turnover tendency of Chinese doctors decreases from 9% to 3%, and there are varying degrees of positive reflection in the evaluation of social identity, work value and organizational behavior commitment. The results show that government action, as an external influencing mechanism of employment quality, plays an important role in the face of occupational crisis. The intervention of government actions is helpful to study the positive changes in social identity, work value and organizational behavior commitment of Chinese doctors during the COVID-19 pandemic, and find the positive impact on their employment quality
Murine Models of Endometriosis: A Systematic Review
Authors: Hoorsan Hayedeh , Simbar Masoumeh , Ramezani Tehrani Fahimeh , Fathi Fardin , Mosaffa Nariman , Riazi Hedyeh , Banafshi Omid
Published: August 2022

Objectives: This review inspects the usage of animal models and the practical solutions of this method for different challenges of endometriosis. The objectives of the study are to determine and compare the histopathology, biomarkers, and development of endometrial lesions in murine homologous and heterologous endometriosis models. Methods: The literature search was performed on PubMed, Scopus, Web Cochrane, and EMBASE from January 1990 to January 2019. Experimental articles in which the establishment of the endometriosis model had been proven through the examination of size, weight, number of implants, adhesion, histologic score, and altered biomarker were eligible for inclusion. Results: Based on type of induction, articles were categorized into two groups: heterologous-induced method (n=5) and autologousinduced method (n=13). In general, in case of establishing the heterologous induction method is less reliable than the autologous induction method. Conclusions: Using human endometrial tissues for endometrial inductions is possible in heterologous models under immunosuppression, which is more suitable for therapeutic studies, but time limitation considerations are mandatory for this type of model. Homologous endometriosis inductions cause larger endometrial lesions, biomarkers, and reproduction rate changes similar to those occurring in humans. Similarities make this method more appropriate for pathogenesis and genetic studies and also observe the impact of endometriosis on the next generation. Choosing an appropriate model for the induction of endometriosis is dependent on the purpose of each study.