bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of Collaborative Online Learning on EFL Leaners’ Writing Performance and Self-efficacy
Authors: Tai Hung-Cheng
Published: April 2016

This study explored the effects of collaborative writing instruction on undergraduate nursing students’ writing performance and self-efficacy beliefs within an online learning system. A single-group experimental study utilized two instruments, the NCEEC (National College Entrance Examination Center) writing grading criteria (the SRCT) and a modified writing self-efficacy questionnaire (the WSQ), was conducted. The intervention was applied in the context of a four-month freshmen semester at the beginning of a two-year vocational education program conducted in fall 2010. Two hundred and nine learners were recruited through convenience sampling from four classes at a nursing vocational university in southwestern Taiwan. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, repeated measures MANOVA, explorative factor analysis (EFA), and structural equation modeling (SEM). The results showed that this instructional method effectively improved the learners’ writing performances and also influenced the latent structures of the learners’ self-efficacy from theoretical constructs toward pedagogical meanings, with the learners’ writing self-efficacy beliefs being altered by the instruction and becoming consistent with the assessment criteria. In addition, both the learners’ pre- and post-test self-efficacy levels had significant causal relationships with their individual learning progressions. These correlations between self-efficacy and writing performance suggest further teaching implications.
The Kendal- Ressel Exponential Dispersion Model: Some Statistical Aspects and Estimation
Authors: Bar-Lev Shaul K. , Boukai Benzion , Landsman Zinoviy
Published: April 2016

In this paper we revisit the NEF class of distributions generated by the Kendall-Ressel density. We study some of the statistical properties of this class (KR-NEF), as well as those of an associated class of Exponential Dispersion Model (KR-EDM). In particular, we discuss some of the immediate properties of these distributions, especially under the so called mean re-parameterization. The moments and other cumulants of these distributions are thoroughly presented as well as expressions for the measures of their skewness and kurtosis. Estimation procedures under the mean parameterization are also discussed where the maximum likelihood, second order minimax and a Bayes estimators are presented and illustrated.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Modern Applied Science, Vol. 10, No. 3
Authors: Lee Sunny
Published: April 2016

Reviewer Acknowledgements for Modern Applied Science, Vol. 10, No. 3
New Approach of Multistage Model in Supply Chain with Game Theory
Authors: Shahanaghi Kamran , Keyvani Rad Maryam
Published: April 2016

This paper researches the relationships between seller and buyer with regard to game theory. The research continues by assuming an indirectly managing by an Intermediation. The intermediation is considered as third party who tried to decrease the distance between seller and buyer willing. In our proposed methodology, Bi-level programming is used for modeling the decision making between seller and buyer in supply chain, and then extend the model in Multi-level decision making. In the presented solution, the third part offers a price to each of the seller and buyer individually and supposed as leader. Final answers of described algorithms are Nash equilibrium point for supply chain. The object of seller and buyer are considered as a follower in each stage. Profits maximization for sellers and buyer are calculated by considering their own constraints.
Taxonomy of Factors Influencing Non-Use of Online Shopping of Students
Authors: Bringula Rex Perez
Published: April 2016

Despite the rich literature on what influenced shoppers to buy online, there were people who were not still engaged in online shopping. This study attempted to determine the factors that influenced non-adoption of online shopping and to provide taxonomy of these factors. Guided by a semi-structured questionnaire, interviews with fifty-three (53) informants (i.e., students) revealed that the top three reasons for the non-use of online shopping were security and trust concerns, quality of the product, and the need to see or touch the product. It was shown that the reasons could be classified into three taxa – Company Domain, Personal Domain, and Technical Domain. Further, it was disclosed that the reasons for the use of online shopping were also the same reasons why others hesitated to use online shopping. Conclusions were drawn and recommendations were also offered.
A Heuristic and Exact Method: Integrated Aircraft Routing and Crew Pairing Problem
Authors: Mohamed Nurul Farihan , Zainuddin Zaitul Marlizawati , Salhi Said , Mohamed Nurul Huda , Mohamed Nurul Akmal
Published: April 2016

In airline operations planning, there are four problems which are schedule design, fleet assignment, aircraft routing and crew pairing problem. Those problems are sequentially and interdependent. Aircraft routing and crew pairing problem are hard to solve and normally crew pairing problem dependent to the aircraft routing problem which gives the suboptimal solutions. As minimizing the costs is important in the airline system, so in order to tackle suboptimal solutions, aircraft routing problem and crew pairing problem are being integrated in one model. For solving the integrated model, the feasible aircraft routes and crew pairs are required. Because of that, a method is being proposed in this work for generating the feasible aircraft routes and crew pairs which is the constructive heuristic method. By using the generic aircraft routes and crew pairs, the integrated model then being solve by two approaches. The first approach is the exact method called the integer linear programming (ILP) while the second approach is from the heuristic method called particle swarm optimization. Encouraging results are encountered by testing on four types of aircrafts for one week flight cycle from local flights in Malaysia.
Application of Artificial Neural Network Model in Predicting Price of Milk in Iran
Authors: Shahriary Ghorban , Mir Yaser
Published: April 2016

Changing economic welfare is one of the most important parameters considered by politicians in applying economic policies in agricultural sector. Modifying expenditures is a factor that influences on producers and consumers` economic welfare. Due to the significant impact it has on nutrition and food, job and income of society, milk is a product that is supported by Iranian government. Objective of the research is to predict price of farm gate milk by applying ARIMA and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN). Data from February 2006 to March 2013 were collected from Bureau of Animal Husbandry and Agriculture Support of Iran. The data used had the ability of prediction. Econometric criteria such as , MAD, MAPE and RMSE were also used in order to compare ARIMA error prediction. The results indicate that ANN demonstrated minor error for predicting milk price in a five-month time horizon and it is more accurate than the ARIMA method. Both models predict high fluctuations in milk price as a result of high production risk existing in livestock sector of Iran.
Product’s Selection for the Moroccan Technical Textile Industry by Using Custom’s Imports Data and Analytic Models
Authors: Faical Zaim , Sbiti Morad
Published: April 2016

This paper proposes a model of product’s selection for Moroccan technical Textile industry. In a first step, using software, the study selects technical textiles positions, classes them by technologies segments, and extracts their import’s data from governmental data based, in term of value, volume, unit price and suppliers. In a second step overweight various segments and products using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) to calculate attractiveness and competitive strength and chooses which of them are the most suitable for investment by using a Mckinsey matrix. From the 481 products considered as technical textiles, the study chooses 21 (4.3%) products representing 44.14% from the total value of Moroccan technical textile imports.
The Lived Experiences of Iranian Women, Injured from Their Husbands’ Infidelity
Authors: Fatehizade Maryam , Rahimi Akram , Yousefi Zahra
Published: April 2016

The current study mainly aims to investigate the lived experiences of women who were injured from their husbands’ infidelity in city of Isfahan in Iran country. The study was a phenomenological research with a qualitative method. The study population included women of Isfahan, who were injured from their husbands’ infidelity. In order to choose samples, the purposive sampling was applied; and a total number of ten women were selected out of all who were injured from their husbands’ infidelity. Moreover, the study tools included a semi-structured interview, the questions of which were provided according to the data obtained from the investigation of texts and sources with the purpose of recognizing the lived experiences of women injured from their husbands’ infidelity. The process of interviewing the participants continued until the saturation of the category. In order to analyze the data, we applied qualitative analysis and primary and secondary coding and categorizing method. The study results indicated that they lived experiences of women who were injured from their husbands’ infidelity, included ten main sub categories which are placed in four levels: confronting with tension, needs, spirituality, cooperation and effective communication.
New Approach of Game Theory for Seller’s Price Selecting Strategies in Bi-Level Programming
Authors: Shahanaghi Kamran , Keyvani Rad Maryam
Published: April 2016

The relationships between the members of supply chain were modeled in many researches, such as cooperative and non-cooperative situation. In our paper, the main question is how much and for which price should each seller offer her product to maximize the profit. In the proposed methodology, Bi-level programming is used for modeling and then GAMS (general algebraic modeling system) language for solving the problem. In the presented model, the first level, called upper sub-problem and supposed as leader is trying to maximize each seller profits by obtaining the optimal offered quantity of individual seller. The objective of follower (buyer) is at second level. The lower sub-problem uses the results of the seller’s model and then maximizes its profit. These optimizations are obtained with regard to the some other constraints. Similar the other game theories problems, the Nash equilibrium point(s) is (are) the optimum decision of this seller-buyer supply chain. A numerical example is employed to illustrate the application of the proposed method.
Measuring Uncertainty Using Different Approaches: A Case Study for Acetaminophen Quantification
Authors: Francisco Fabiane Lacerda , Saviano Alessandro Morais , Lourenço Felipe Rebello
Published: April 2016

Investigation of out-of-specification analytical results is laborious, time-consuming, and costly and must be well documented. However, an analytical result is not complete unless reported with its measurement uncertainty. Here, we compare four different approaches for measurement uncertainty estimation used in acetaminophen quantification in pharmaceutical drug products. Measurement uncertainties were estimated using a repeatability and reproducibility study, Eurachem/Citac guidelines, Monte Carlo simulations, and a spreadsheet method. These different approaches provided similar results. However, they differed by the sources of uncertainties considered, by the procedures of calculation, and by the effort required in routine applications. Nevertheless, all four approaches were successful in assessing conformity of acetaminophen content in pharmaceutical drug products and may be used in assessing pharmaceutical equivalence.
Simultaneous Determination of 2- and 3-MCPD Esters in Infant Formula Milk Powder by Solid-Phase Extraction and GC-MS Analysis
Authors: Wang Liyuan , Ying Ying , Hu Zhengyan , Wang Tianjiao , Shen Xianghong , Wu Pinggu
Published: April 2016

The objective of this study was to establish a method for detecting fatty acid esters of chloropropanols [including 2-monochloropropane-1,3-diol (2-MCPD) ester and 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol (3-MCPD) ester] in infant milk powder using isotope dilution and GC-MS. The fat fraction in infant milk powder samples was extracted and treated with sodium methylate–methanol to cleave the ester bonds of the 2- and 3-MCPD esters. The resultant 2- and 3-MCPDs in the samples were purified with matrix solid-phase liquid–liquid extraction and derivatized with heptafluorobutyryl imidazole for GC-MS analysis. Standard samples of deuterium isotope–labeled 2- and 3-MCPD palmitic acid double esters and stearic acid double esters were used as the internal standards. We also detected 2- and 3-MCPD ester contents in 88 commercial samples of infant formula milk powder using this system. The detection system we established showed a good linearity of 2- and 3-MCPD ester contents in serially diluted standard solutions within the concentration range 25−1000 μg/L, with r2 > 0.9995 and an LOD of 30 μg/kg for both of the MCPD esters. The recoveries of the two MCPD esters spiked at 25, 50, 100, and 200 μg/kg in blank infant formula milk ranged from 98.2 to 110.5%, with RSDs <4.8%, suggesting good accuracy and reliability of this method. In the 88 commercial infant formula milk powder samples, the mean content of 2-MCPD ester was 41 μg/kg (0–52 μg/kg) and that of 3-MCPD was 185 μg/kg (0–316 μg/kg). Based on these results, we estimated the exposure levels of the two MCPD esters in infants fed on formula milk, and the results indicate potential health risks of consuming formula milk products contaminated by the two MCPD esters.
Epicardium-Derived Cells Formed After Myocardial Injury Display Phagocytic Activity Permitting In Vivo Labeling and Tracking
Authors: Ding Zhaoping , Temme Sebastian , Quast Christine , Friebe Daniela , Jacoby Christoph , Zanger Klaus , Bidmon Hans-Jürgen , Grapentin Christoph , Schubert Rolf , Flögel Ulrich , Schrader Jürgen
Published: April 2016

Epicardium-derived cells (EPDCs) cover the heart surface and can function as a source of both progenitor cells and trophic factors for cardiac repair. Currently, EPDCs cannot be conveniently labeled in vivo to permit imaging and cell tracking. EPDCs formed after myocardial infarction (MI) preferentially take up a perfluorocarbon-containing nanoemulsion (PFC-NE; 130 ± 32 nm) injected 3 days after injury, as measured by 19F-magnetic resonance imaging (19F-MRI). Flow cytometry, immune electron microscopy, and green fluorescent protein (GFP)-transgenic rats (only immune cells, but not epicardial cells, are GFP+) demonstrated that PFC-containing EPDCs are nonhematopoietic (CD45-/CD11b-) but stain positive for markers of mesenchymal stem cells such as platelet-derived growth factor receptor α (PDGFR-α) CD73, CD105, and CD90. When rhodamine-coupled PFC-NE was used, we found that ρ+ vessel-like structures formed within the infarcted myocardium, comprising approximately 10% of all large vessels positive for smooth muscle actin (SM-actin). The epicardial cell layer, positive for Wilms' tumor 1 (WT-1), PDGFR-α, or KI-67, was shown to be well capillarized (293 ± 78 capillaries per mm2), including fenestrated endothelium. Freshly isolated EPDCs were positive for WT-1, GATA-4, KI-67, and FLK-1 (75%), PDGFR-α (50%), and SM-actin (28%) and also exhibited a high capacity for nanoparticle and cell debris uptake. This study demonstrates that EPDCs formed after MI display strong endocytic activity to take up i.v.-injected labeled nanoemulsions. This feature permitted in vivo labeling and tracking of EPDCs, demonstrating their role in myo- and vasculogenesis. The newly discovered endocytic activity permits in vivo imaging of EPDCs with 19F-MRI and may be used for the liposomal delivery of substances to further study their reparative potential.

Significance

The present study reports that epicardium-derived cells (EPDCs) formed after myocardial infarction can specifically endocytose nanoparticles in vivo and in vitro. This novel feature permitted in vivo targeting of EPDCs with either a perfluorocarbon-containing or rhodamine-conjugated nanoemulsion to track migration and fate decision of EPDC with 19F-magnetic resonance imaging and fluorescence microscopy. The liposomal nanoemulsions used in the present study may be useful in the future as a nanomedical device for the delivery of substances to direct cell fate of EPDCs.
CO2 Permeation Behavior through Carbon Membranes: A Short Review of the Progress during the Last Decade
Authors: Favvas Evangelos P.
Published: April 2016

Although carbon dioxide is not classified as a toxic or harmful gas the necessity for its capture is enforced not only by scientists but also by governments worldwide. In this attempt the technologies which are proposed to attend this role are various. Contrary to the traditional thermal methods (distillation, adsorption, cryogenic), which require high energy sources, the membrane technology seems to be the prevalent solution mainly thanks to its low operation cost. To this aim, both polymeric and inorganic membranes are reported as good candidates for CO2 separation–capture. The main advantages of the inorganic membranes, in terms of the polymeric, are their higher selectivity factors and the better stability at both high temperatures and chemical environments. The preparation of the carbon membranes takes place mainly by the controlled pyrolysis of different thermosetting polymeric materials and the final configuration can be divided into the following configurations: i) flat sheet membranes, ii) supported on tube membranes, iii) capillary membranes and iv) hollow fiber membranes. During the last fifty years, more attention has been devoted, not only for the simultaneous increase of both permeability and selectivity factors but also for the large–scale production of crack free carbon membranes. The reproductivity is also one critical point which has to be achieved if we really aim for the industrial application of the carbon gas selective membranes. Therefore, carbon membranes have the potential to be the materials of the future for many gas separation processes including the one of carbon dioxide separation–capture. This paper is reviewing the development and the achievements of the carbon membranes in the direction of the CO2 separation giving emphasis on the last 10 years.
Significance of KRAS, NRAS, BRAF and PIK3CA mutations in metastatic colorectal cancer patients receiving Bevacizumab: a single institution experience
Authors: Baltruškevičienė Edita , Mickys Ugnius , Žvirblis Tadas , Stulpinas Rokas , Pipirienė Želvienė Teresė , Aleknavičius Eduardas
Published: April 2016

Background. KRAS mutation is an important predictive and prognostic factor for patients receiving anti-EGFR therapy. An expanded KRAS, NRAS, BRAF, PIK3CA mutation analysis provides additional prognostic information, but its role in predicting bevacizumab efficacy is unclear. The aim of our study was to evaluate the incidence of KRAS, NRAS, BRAF and PIK3CA mutations in metastatic colorectal cancer patients receiving first line oxaliplatin based chemotherapy with or without bevacizumab and to evaluate their prognostic and predictive significance.
Methods. 55 patients with the  first-time diagnosed CRC receiving FOLFOX ± bevacizumab were involved in the study. Tumour blocks were tested for KRAS mutations in exons 2, 3 and 4, NRAS mutations in exons 2, 3 and 4, BRAF mutation in exon 15 and PIK3CA mutations in exons 9 and 20. The association between mutations and clinico-pathological factors, treatment outcomes and survival was analyzed.
Results. KRAS mutations were detected in 67.3% of the  patients, BRAF in 1.8%, PIK3CA in 5.5% and there were no NRAS mutations. A  significant association between the  high CA  19–9 level and KRAS mutation was detected (mean CA 19–9 levels were 276 and 87 kIU/l, respectively, p  =  0.019). There was a  significantly higher response rate in the KRAS, NRAS, BRAF and PIK3CA wild type cohort receiving bevacizumab compared to any gene mutant type (100 and 60%, respectively, p = 0.030). The univariate Cox regression analysis did not confirm KRAS and other tested mutations as prognostic factors for PFS or OS.
Conclusions. Our study revealed higher KRAS and lower NRAS, BRAF and PIK3CA mutation rates in the  Lithuanian population than those reported in the  literature. KRAS mutation was associated with the high CA 19–9 level and mucinous histology type, but did not show any predictive or prognostic significance. The  expanded KRAS, NRAS, BRAF and PIK3CA mutation analysis provided additional significant predictive information.
Elektroninės cigaretės: naujas būdas mesti rūkyti ar nauja grėsmė?
Authors: Aleknaitė Aistė , Andrijauskaitė Monika , Latauskienė Justė , Andrejevaitė Viktorija
Published: April 2016

Nuo 2010 m. tarp suaugusiųjų ir paauglių išaugo elektroninių cigarečių vartojimas. Dauguma el. cigarečių vartotojų anksčiau yra rūkę tradicinius tabako gaminius. Didžioji dalis žmonių el. cigaretes suvokia kaip priemonę, padėsiančią mesti rūkyti ar sumažinti surūkomų įprastinių cigarečių kiekį.
Elektroninės cigaretės yra prietaisas, susidedantis iš skysčiu užpildytos kasetės, kaitiklio bei baterijos. Nuspaudus mygtuką įjungiamas kaitiklis, kuris šildo skystį, o, šiam tapus garais, jie įkvepiami.
Visų rūšių el. skysčių pagrindinės sudedamosios dalys yra glicerolis arba propileno glikolis, papildomai gali būti pridedama nikotino ir / ar aromatų. Skysčiuose taip pat nustatyta įvairių kitų cheminių medžiagų.
Ilgalaikio el. cigarečių vartojimo pasekmės sveikatai nėra išaiškintos, manoma, kad jos turėtų būti saugesnės nei rūkyti įprastines cigaretes. Nėra pakankamai ištirtas el. cigarečių skysčiuose esančių medžiagų toksiškumas. Trūksta duomenų apie el. cigarečių, kaip pagalbinės priemonės norint mesti rūkyti, veiksmingumą ir saugumą.
Gydytojas norinčiam mesti rūkyti pacientui pirmiausia turėtų pasiūlyti patvirtintas pakaitinės nikotino terapijos ar kitas pagalbines priemones ir užtikrinti, kad pacientas gautų informaciją apie naujausius medikamentus, galinčius jam padėti. Jei pacientas atsisako šių priemonių ir renkasi el. cigaretes, gydytojas turėtų informuoti apie abejotiną jų saugumą ir veiksmingumą.
Visuomenėje kyla susirūpinimas, kad el. cigarečių rūkymas gali paskatinti priklausomybę nikotinui ir padidinti norą išbandyti įprastines cigaretes. Nerimą kelia ir neapribotas el. cigarečių vartojimas viešosiose vietose. Nėra žinoma, kokią įtaką aplinkinių sveikatai gali turėti pasyvus garinimas.
El. cigarečių reglamentavimas visame pasaulyje skiriasi ir laikui bėgant kinta.
A fast and fatal course of bronchiectasis: an unusual rare expression of chronic graft versus host disease. A case report
Authors: Labžentytė Violeta , Zemnickienė Silvija , Danila Edvardas , Šileikienė Virginija , Zablockis Rolandas , Gruslys Vygantas
Published: April 2016

Introduction. We report a case of a patient with acute myeloid leukaemia whose treatment with bone marrow transplantation (BMT) was followed by chronic graft versus host disease (GVHD) with lung involvement and bronchiectasis. This report illustrates an unusual course of a fast progression of the bronchiectasis due to BMT.
Case description. A  33-year-old female was diagnosed with acute myeloid leukaemia. An allogeneic BMT was performed. One month after the  transplantation, acute GVHD with skin involvement occurred. Treatment with prednisolone and mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) has been started. Nine months later, the patient was examined by a pulmonologist due to progressive dyspnoea. A pulmonary computed tomography (CT) scan showed normal parenchyma of the lungs and no changes to the bronchi. A CT scan performed 7 months later revealed bronchiectasis for the first time. No clinical response was associated with the treatment and the patient’s respiratory status progressively deteriorated. During the  final hospitalization, a CT scan performed 1 year later revealed huge cystic bronchiectasis in both lungs. Despite the prophylaxis and treatment of GVHD and aggressive antimicrobial therapy, the patient died one year after the diagnosis of bronchiectasis.
Conclusions. This case demonstrates that a fast and fatal course of bronchiectasis, that occurs after BMT, should always be considered as a possible manifestation of chronic graft versus host disease (cGVHD) following allogeneic BMT.
CasExpress reveals widespread and diverse patterns of cell survival of caspase-3 activation during development in vivo
Authors: Ding Austin Xun , Sun Gongping , Argaw Yewubdar G , Wong Jessica O , Easwaran Sreesankar , Montell Denise J
Published: April 2016

Caspase-3 carries out the executioner phase of apoptosis, however under special circumstances, cells can survive its activity. To document systematically where and when cells survive caspase-3 activation in vivo, we designed a system, CasExpress, which drives fluorescent protein expression, transiently or permanently, in cells that survive caspase-3 activation in Drosophila. We discovered widespread survival of caspase-3 activity. Distinct spatial and temporal patterns emerged in different tissues. Some cells activated caspase-3 during their normal development in every cell and in every animal without evidence of apoptosis. In other tissues, such as the brain, expression was sporadic both temporally and spatially and overlapped with periods of apoptosis. In adults, reporter expression was evident in a large fraction of cells in most tissues of every animal; however the precise patterns varied. Inhibition of caspase activity in wing discs reduced wing size demonstrating functional significance. The implications of these patterns are discussed.
Cotranslational microRNA mediated messenger RNA destabilization
Authors: Tat Trinh To , Maroney Patricia A , Chamnongpol Sangpen , Coller Jeff , Nilsen Timothy W
Published: April 2016

MicroRNAs are small (22 nucleotide) regulatory molecules that play important roles in a wide variety of biological processes. These RNAs, which bind to targeted mRNAs via limited base pairing interactions, act to reduce protein production from those mRNAs. Considerable evidence indicates that miRNAs destabilize targeted mRNAs by recruiting enzymes that function in normal mRNA decay and mRNA degradation is widely thought to occur when mRNAs are in a ribosome free state. Nevertheless, when examined, miRNA targeted mRNAs are invariably found to be polysome associated; observations that appear to be at face value incompatible with a simple decay model. Here, we provide evidence that turnover of miRNA-targeted mRNAs occurs while they are being translated. Cotranslational mRNA degradation is initiated by decapping and proceeds 5’ to 3’ behind the last translating ribosome. These results provide an explanation for a long standing mystery in the miRNA field.
A physical model describing the interaction of nuclear transport receptors with FG nucleoporin domain assemblies
Authors: Zahn Raphael , Osmanović Dino , Ehret Severin , Araya Callis Carolina , Frey Steffen , Stewart Murray , You Changjiang , Görlich Dirk , Hoogenboom Bart W , Richter Ralf P
Published: April 2016

The permeability barrier of nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) controls bulk nucleocytoplasmic exchange. It consists of nucleoporin domains rich in phenylalanine-glycine motifs (FG domains). As a bottom-up nanoscale model for the permeability barrier, we have used planar films produced with three different end-grafted FG domains, and quantitatively analyzed the binding of two different nuclear transport receptors (NTRs), NTF2 and Importin β, together with the concomitant film thickness changes. NTR binding caused only moderate changes in film thickness; the binding isotherms showed negative cooperativity and could all be mapped onto a single master curve. This universal NTR binding behavior – a key element for the transport selectivity of the NPC – was quantitatively reproduced by a physical model that treats FG domains as regular, flexible polymers, and NTRs as spherical colloids with a homogeneous surface, ignoring the detailed arrangement of interaction sites along FG domains and on the NTR surface.
Mechanistic insight into a peptide hormone signaling complex mediating floral organ abscission
Authors: Santiago Julia , Brandt Benjamin , Wildhagen Mari , Hohmann Ulrich , Hothorn Ludwig A , Butenko Melinka A , Hothorn Michael
Published: April 2016

Plants constantly renew during their life cycle and thus require to shed senescent and damaged organs. Floral abscission is controlled by the leucine-rich repeat receptor kinase (LRR-RK) HAESA and the peptide hormone IDA. It is unknown how expression of IDA in the abscission zone leads to HAESA activation. Here we show that IDA is sensed directly by the HAESA ectodomain. Crystal structures of HAESA in complex with IDA reveal a hormone binding pocket that accommodates an active dodecamer peptide. A central hydroxyproline residue anchors IDA to the receptor. The HAESA co-receptor SERK1, a positive regulator of the floral abscission pathway, allows for high-affinity sensing of the peptide hormone by binding to an Arg-His-Asn motif in IDA. This sequence pattern is conserved among diverse plant peptides, suggesting that plant peptide hormone receptors may share a common ligand binding mode and activation mechanism.
Discourses in Residential Child Care and Possibilities for Evidence-Based Practice
Authors: Reime Monika
Published: April 2016

This article explores professional discourses in the Norwegian residential child care system. It discusses how the discourses serve as constraints on and possibilities for evidence-based practice when different definitions of evidence-based practice are considered. Among the Nordic countries, Norway has been a forerunner in the implementation of evidence-based practice in child welfare. However, I argue that tensions exist, both within professional practice and between professional understandings and policy aims. I use discourse theory to analyze interviews with 19 professionals working in coercive residential child care. The results reveal two competing professional discourses: the discourse of technoscience and the discourse of indeterminacy. Possibilities of evidence-based practice in residential child care are found within both discourses if a wide and inclusive definition of evidence-based practice is applied. This study emphasizes the importance of engaging in constant reflection when discussing possibilities for evidence-based practice within residential child care. Keywords: professional discourses, residential child care, evidence-based practice, scientific knowledge, professional judgment, indeterminacy, discretion
How Triage Nurses Use Discretion: a Literature Review
Authors: Johannessen Lars Emil Fagernes
Published: April 2016

Discretion is quintessential for professional work. This review aims to understand how nurses use discretion when they perform urgency assessments in emergency departments with formalised triage systems—systems that are intended to reduce nurses’ use of discretion. Because little research has dealt explicitly with this topic, this review addresses the discretionary aspects of triage by reinterpreting qualitative studies of how triage nurses perform urgency assessments. The review shows (a) how inexhaustive guidelines and a hectic work environment are factors that necessitate nurses’ use of discretion and (b) how nurses reason within this discretionary space by relying on their experience and intuition, judging patients according to criteria such as appropriateness and believability, and creating urgency ratings together with their patients. The review also offers a synthesis of the findings’ discretionary aspects and suggests a new interactionist dimension of discretion.Keywords: Triage, discretion, emergency department, meta-ethnography, review, decision-making
ChemInform Abstract: EFFECT OF CAFFEINE ON THE ANODIC DISSOLUTION OF COPPER (100) PLANE IN ACIDIC COPPER SULFATE SOLUTION
Authors: AHMED M. F. , MAYANNA S. M. , PUSHPANADEN F.
Published: April 2016

Die anodische Auflösung der (100)‐Fläche von Cu in saurer CuSO4‐Lösung (0.25M CuSO4+0.
ChemInform Abstract: EFFECT OF PREPARATION CONDITIONS OF PALLADIUM ALUMINA CATALYSTS ON DISPERSION OF SUPPORTED PALLADIUM
Authors: PARYJCZAK T. , KARSKI S.
Published: April 2016

Die Einflüsse der Auftragungsmethode (Adsorptions‐ oder Imprägnierungsmethode), des für die Aufbringung verwendeten Pd‐Salzes (PdCl" Pd(NH3)4Cl2, EDTA‐Komplex von Pd) und der Trocknungsprozedur auf die Verteilung des auf Al2O3 abgeschiedenen Pd werden untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: ADDITION OF 2‐CARBOXYETHYL RADICALS TO 1‐ALKENES AND 1‐ALKYNES
Authors: STAROSTIN E. K. , MORYASHEVA S. I. , KLIMOV A. N. , NIKISHIN G. I.
Published: April 2016

Die Peroxybemsteinsäure (I) bildet bei Einwirkung von Eisen(II)‐sulfat das Monoanion (II) und das Radikal (III),das mit den Olefinen (IV) zu den Radikalen (V) umgesetzt wird.
ChemInform Abstract: CHALCOGENOLATES. 77. STUDIES ON GLYCOL CARBONIC ACIDS. 2. GLYCOL MONOCARBONIC ACID AND GLYCOL DICARBONIC ACID
Authors: FRANZ J. , GATTOW G.
Published: April 2016

Die Titelverbindungen (I) bzw. (II) wurden bei ‐63°C aus dem K‐ bzw. Di‐Na‐Salz mit HCl in Dimethylether als Etherat (I) ° 1.5 Me‐O‐Me bzw. (II) ° 4 Me‐O‐Me freigesetzt und isoliert.
ChemInform Abstract: 2‐GUANIDINOBENZIMIDAZOLE COMPLEXES OF RHODIUM(III) AND IRIDIUM(III)
Authors: GHOSH S. P. , BHATTACHARJEE P.
Published: April 2016

Der Diaquo‐Rh‐Komplex (Ia) und der Tris‐Komplex (II) wurden als Chloride durch Rückflußkochen wäß‐ riger Lösungen von RhCl3 und dem Liganden im Molverhältnis 1:2 bzw. 1:3 dargestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: SUPERIONIC CONDUCTING GLASSES‐ GLASS FORMATION AND CONDUCTIVITY IN THE SILVER IODIDE‐SILVER OXIDE‐PHOSPHORUS PENTOXIDE SYSTEM
Authors: MINAMI T. , TAKUMA Y. , TANAKA M.
Published: April 2016

Im System AgI‐Ag2O‐P2O5 wird bei den Molverhältnissen Ag2O/P2O5⩽3 und hohen AgI‐Gehalten ein Glasbildungsbereich gefunden.
ChemInform Abstract: CARBON‐13 NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTRA OF THIOLS AND THIOLACETATES‐ LIPOIC ACID AND DERIVATIVES
Authors: PAUKSTELIS J. V. , BYRNE E. F. , O'CONNOR T. P. , ROCHE T. E.
Published: April 2016

NMR‐Spektren von Schwefelverbindungen wie (I) und (II) werden diskutiert.
ChemInform Abstract: TOTAL SYNTHESIS OF THE CHIRAL LACTONE DERIVED FROM THERMOZYMOCIDIN (MYRIOCIN). RELATIVE CONFIGURATION OF THE NATURAL PRODUCT
Authors: KUO C. H. , WENDLER N. L.
Published: April 2016

Die Struktur des antibiotisch wirksamen Myriocins wird zu (I) bestimmt.
ChemInform Abstract: DARSTELLUNG VON POLYBORATEN MIT SPERRIGEN TERTIAEREN AMINEN UND QUATERNAEREN AMMONIUMBASEN IN ORGANISCHEN LOESUNGSMITTELN
Authors: HELLER G. , BICHOWSKI B.
Published: April 2016

Die Darstellung der Titelverbindungen erfolgt auf zwei Wegen.
ChemInform Abstract: FORMATION OF TETRAALKYLETHYLENEDIPHOSPHINE DIOXIDES DURING THE REACTION OF POTASSIUM DIALKYLPHOSPHINITES WITH ALKYL‐2‐CHLOROETHYL ETHER
Authors: OSIPENKO N. G. , TSVETKOV E. N.
Published: April 2016

Die Kalium‐dialkylphosphinite (I) reagieren mit den Ethem (II) zu den Diphosphin‐dioxiden (III), die auch aus (I) und Dichlorethan (IV) entstehen.
ChemInform Abstract: COORDINATION SITES IN NUCLEOTIDES‐ X‐RAY CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF THE TERNARY COMPLEX COPPER(II)‐URIDINE 5′‐MONOPHOSPHATE‐2,2′‐DIPYRIDYLAMINE
Authors: FISCHER B. E. , BAU R.
Published: April 2016

Nach bekannter Methode wird der Titelkomplex (I) aus wäßriger Lösung von Cu(NO3)2°C 3 H2O und der Liganden bei pH N 7 erhalten.
ChemInform Abstract: PYRIDOPYRIMIDINES. 8. A NOVEL RING OPENING DURING THE ACYLATION OF 6‐AMINO‐1,3‐DIMETHYLURACIL
Authors: ANDERSON G. L. , BROOM A. D.
Published: April 2016

Die Umsetzung zwischen dem 6‐Amino‐1,3‐dimethyl‐uracil (I) und Acetylendicarbonsäureester (II) zum Pyridopyrimidin (V) in aprotischen Lösungsmitteln wird untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: THE CONSTITUTION OF VANADIUM‐(IRON, COBALT, NICKEL)‐NITROGEN SYSTEMS
Authors: EL‐SHAHAT M. F. , HOLLECK H.
Published: April 2016

Zum Aufbau der Systeme V‐(Fe, Co, Ni)‐N werden röntgenographische, metallographische und z.T. Mikrosondenuntersuchungen durchgeführt.
ChemInform Abstract: NITROXIDES. LXXXV. AZETIDINE NITROXIDES
Authors: ESPIE J.‐C. , RAMASSEUL R. , RASSAT A.
Published: April 2016

Die auf bekanntem Wege zugängliche Verbindung (III) ergibt mit Allylmagnesiumbromid in Diethylether die Diallylverbindung (IV), die mit m‐Chlorperbenzoesäure in Diethylether zum Azetidinoxyl (V) oxidiert wird.
ChemInform Abstract: 9,12‐DITHIA‐TRANS‐BICYCLO(6.4.0)DODECA‐2,4,6,10‐TETRAENE SYSTEM, AN EXAMPLE OF A TRANS‐FUSED CYCLOOCTA‐1,3,5‐TRIENE
Authors: MOEGEL L. , SCHROTH W. , WERNER B.
Published: April 2016

Die Dithiolate (I) reagieren mit den trans‐ Dihalogeniden (II) zu den Addukten (III), von denen (IIIa) glatt mit Maleinsäureanhydrid oder Acetylendicarbonsäuredimethylester die Cycloaddukte (IV) bzw. (V) liefert.
ChemInform Abstract: PHOTOCHEMICAL REACTIONS OF A SILACYCLOPROPENE WITH NITRILES LEADING TO NEW ORGANOSILICON RING SYSTEMS
Authors: SAKURAI H. , KAMIYAMA Y. , NAKADAIRA Y.
Published: April 2016

Die Belichtung der Silacyclopropene (I) in Gegenwart der Nitrile (II) liefert in Benzol die Cycloaddukte (III).
ChemInform Abstract: REACTIONS OF METAL‐TO‐METAL MULTIPLE BONDS. 2. REACTIONS OF BIS(CYCLOPENTADIENYL)TETRACARBONYLDIMOLYBDENUM WITH SMALL UNSATURATED MOLECULES. STRUCTURAL CHARACTERIZATION OF μ‐DIMETHYLAMINOCYANAMIDE‐BIS(CYCLOPENTADIENYL)TETRACARBONYLDIMOLYBDENUM
Authors: CHISHOLM M. H. , COTTON F. A. , EXTINE M. W. , RANKEL L. A.
Published: April 2016

Die Reaktivität der Verbindung (I) mit Mo‐Mo‐Dreifachbindung wurde gegenüber CO2, CS2, N2O, Butadien‐(1,3), Ph‐N=N‐Ph, CF3CN , MeCN, iPrCN, (H,N)2 C=NCN, H2NCN und Me2NCN in Toluol untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: A POTENTIAL ANTI‐PARKINSON DRUG, N‐N‐PROPYL‐N‐N‐BUTYL‐β‐(3,4‐DIHYDROXYPHENYL)ETHYLAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE, AND ITS EFFECTS IN INTACT AND NIGRA‐LESIONED RATS
Authors: GINOS J. Z. , BROWN F. C.
Published: April 2016

Die Phenylessigsäure (I) wird nach Benzylierung zu (IIa) zur freien Säure (IIb) hydrolysiert und in ein Amid (III) übergeführt, das zu den Phenethylaminen (IVa) und (IVb) führt.
ChemInform Abstract: β‐FUNCTIONALIZING CONDENSATION OF KETONES WITH THE AID OF HALOTRIMETHYLSILANES
Authors: SCHMIDT A. H. , RUSS M.
Published: April 2016

Bei der Umsetzung der Ketone (I) mit Trimethylchlorsilan (IIa) entstehen Substanzgemische, aus denen bei der Aufarbeitung mit Trifluoressigsäure neben (III) die Verbindungen (IV) und (V) isoliert bzw. identifiziert werden können.
ChemInform Abstract: PSEUDOPHENALENONES AND PSEUDOPHENALENIUM SALTS AND THEIR REACTIONS
Authors: NEIDLEIN R. , KRAEMER A. D.
Published: April 2016

Das Pseudophenalenon (I) und das Thiapseudophenaleniumsalz (IV) reagieren mit primären Aminen, Acyl‐ und Sulfonylhydraziden (II) unter Bildung von Iminoderivaten (III).
ChemInform Abstract: REARRANGEMENT OF CINNAMYL GROUPS FROM O6 TO C‐8 IN THE GUANINE SERIES
Authors: HOLMES B. N. , LEONARD N. J.
Published: April 2016

Aus 2‐Amino‐6‐chlor‐purin (I) entstehen primär die Ether (IIa) und (IIb), von denen ersterer glatt zu den Isomeren (IIIa) in die 7‐Stellung umlagert.
ChemInform Abstract: NITROXIDE SPIN LABELS AS SURFACE AND STRUCTURAL PROBES FOR WOOD AND CELLULOSE AND ITS DERIVATIVES
Authors: HALL L. D. , APLIN J. D.
Published: April 2016

Durch Reaktion von Cellulose‐Pulver mit zunächst BrCN, dann dem Piperidinoxyl (I) wird die dotierte Cellulose (IIa) erhalten.
ChemInform Abstract: CONDENSATION OF AROMATIC COMPOUNDS WITH ALLYL‐TYPE HALO DERIVATIVES. XXII. EFFECT OF THE β‐SUBSTITUENT OF AN ALLYL UNIT OF P‐CRESOL ETHERS ON THE COMPOSITION OF PRODUCTS FROM THERMAL AND CATALYTIC REARRANGEMENTS
Authors: BUNINA‐KRIVORUKOVA L. I. , ROSSINSKII A. P. , BAL'YAN KH. V.
Published: April 2016

Die Verbindung (V) fällt als cis‐trans‐ Gemisch (katalytisch 16:49; thermisch 22:78) an.
ChemInform Abstract: PHOTOINDUCED REACTIONS. XXVIII. PHOTOCHEMICAL SYNTHESIS OF 5,10,11,12,12A,12B‐HEXAHYDRO‐12B‐HYDROXYISOINDOLO(2,1‐A)BENZ(CD)INDOL‐5‐ONE
Authors: TERASHIMA M. , KOYAMA K. , KANAOKA Y.
Published: April 2016

Durch Belichtung des Imids (I) und anschlie‐ βende Dehydratisierung erhält man das gesuchte Indolon (III).
ChemInform Abstract: N‐ACYL‐1,4‐DIHYDROPYRIDINES BY ACID CATALYZED CONDENSATIONS
Authors: FOOS J. S. , KILLIAN W. , RIZVI S. Q. A. , UNGER M. , FRAENKEL G.
Published: April 2016

Aus Glutardialdeh?len (I) entstehen mit den Amiden (II) in Gegenwart von Säure die N‐Acyl‐dihydropyridine (III), die mit Organometallverbindungen zu Salzen (IV) führen können.
ChemInform Abstract: STUDIES ON 3‐SUBSTITUTED 1,2‐BENZISOXAZOLE DERIVATIVES. IV. REARRANGEMENT OF N‐SUBSTITUTED 2H‐1,2‐BENZISOXAZOLIN‐3‐ONE TO 2‐SUBSTITUTED 2H‐1,3‐BENZOXAZIN‐4‐ONE
Authors: UNO H. , KUROKAWA M.
Published: April 2016

Bei der Alkylierung von (I) findet gleichzeitig eine Ringumlagerung zu den Verbindungen (V) statt.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF PHENANTHRENO(3,4)‐O‐CARBORANE
Authors: KAZANTSEV A. V. , ERMAGANBETOV B. T. , SAKPANOV E. SH.
Published: April 2016

Die α‐Naphthyl‐o‐carboranylessigsäure (I) cyclisiert zum Cyclohexanonderivat (II), das zu (III) reduziert und zu (IV) acyliert wird.
ChemInform Abstract: HYDROGENOLYSIS OF DISILANE RESIDUES FROM THE INDUSTRIAL SYNTHESIS OF METHYLCHLOROSILANES. SYNTHESIS OF METHYLDICHLOROSILANE AND DIMETHYLCHLOROSILANE
Authors: CALAS R. , DELERIS G. , DUNOGUES J. , LEFORT M. , SIMMONET C.
Published: April 2016

Der "Disilan‐Rückstand" (III) aus der Mittler‐Rochow‐Synthese wird in Gegenwart eines Nickelkatalysators (I) oder (II) unter 25 Bar Wasserstoff zu den Chlorsilanen (IV)‐(VII) gespalten.
ChemInform Abstract: NEW TETRATHIOCYANATODIAMINECHROMATES WITH ALIPHATIC MONOAMINES
Authors: GANESCU I. , VARHELYI CS. , FUTO F. , BRINZAN G.
Published: April 2016

Neue Reineckesalz‐ähnliche Verbindungen werden durch Substitutionsreaktionen in der Schmelze von K‐hexaisothiocyanatochromat (III) mit den aliphatischen Aminen n‐Propyl‐ und n‐Butylamin erhalten und als Ammoniumsalze (I) isoliert.
ChemInform Abstract: ELECTROCHEMICAL BEHAVIOR OF IRON IN METHANOL AND DIMETHYLFORMAMIDE SOLUTIONS
Authors: FARINA C. A. , FAITA G. , OLIVANI F.
Published: April 2016

Aufbau und Stabilität des passiven Zustandes von reinem Fe in Methanol werden als Funktion des HQO‐Gehaltes und des Gehaltes an Cl‐‐Ionen untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: VISUAL PIGMENTS. 8. HYDROGEN BONDING EFFECTS ON FLUORESCENCE PROPERTIES OF RETINALS
Authors: TAKEMURA T. , DAS P. K. , HUG G. , BECKER R. S.
Published: April 2016

Während wasserfreies all‐trans‐ und 13‐cis‐Retinal in absoluten Alkan‐LÖ‐ sungsmitteln keine Fluoreszenz zeigt, tritt Fluoreszenz bei Gegenwart von Wasser oder Phenol auf.
ChemInform Abstract: ENAMIDES IN ORGANIC SYNTHESIS. 2. N‐VINYL AS N‐H PROTECTING GROUP. SYNTHESIS IS OF CYCLIC IMINES FROM N‐VINYLLACTAMS AND ORGANOLITHIUM REAGENTS
Authors: BIELAWSKI J. , BRANDAENGE S. , LINDBLOM L.
Published: April 2016

N‐Vinyl‐lactame (I) addieren Organolithium‐Verbindungen (II) zu den Verbindungen (III).
ChemInform Abstract: NEW APPROACH USED IN THE SYNTHESIS OF GLYCOPHOSPHOLIPIDS
Authors: NIFANT'EV E. E. , PREDVODITELEV D. A. , SHIN V. A.
Published: April 2016

Durch aufeinanderfolgende Kondensation des Amidophosphits (I) mit Benzylalkohol, der Galaktopyranose (III) und dem Diacylglycerin (IV) wird das Phosphit (V) hergestellt und durch Oxidation mit Stickoxid in das Phosphat (VI) umgewandelt.
ChemInform Abstract: REACTIVITY OF METHYL‐SUBSTITUTED ETHYLENEBROMONIUM IONS. CORRELATION BETWEEN CHARGE DISTRIBUTION AND REGIO‐ OR CHEMOSELECTIVITY
Authors: DUBOIS J.‐E. , CHRETIEN J. R.
Published: April 2016

Die Bromierung der Alkene (I) mit NaBr in Methanol, die über die intermediären Bromoniumionen (II) verläuft, ergibt die Dibromide (III) und die isomeren Monobromide (IV) und (V).
ChemInform Abstract: A NOVEL METHOD FOR THE PREPARATION OF SUBSTITUTED 5‐AMINO‐1,2,3,4‐THIATRIAZOLES BY AZA TRANSFER REACTION
Authors: STANOVNIK B. , TISLER M. , VALENCIC B.
Published: April 2016

Die Thiosemicarbazide (I) cyclisieren bei Behandlung mit dem Diazoniumsalz (II) oder mit diazotierter Sulfanilsäure nicht zu den Tetrazolinthionen (IV), sonderen zu den Amino‐thiatriazolen (III).
ChemInform Abstract: PARTIAL SYNTHESES OF METHYL DEHYDROJASMONATE AND TUBEROLACTONE
Authors: DUBS P. , STUESSI R.
Published: April 2016

Ausgehend von (?‐Jasmonsäuremethylester (i)‐(I) bzw. von (i)‐Jasmolacton (i)‐(VII) werden über die angegebenen Racemate die Pyridylsulfinyl‐Derivate (i)‐(V) bzw. (i)‐(IX) synthetisiert und durch Pyrolyse in die natürlichen Stoffe (i)‐Dehydrojasmonsäuremethylester (i)‐(VI) bzw. (i)‐Tuberolacton (i)‐(X) übergeführt.
ChemInform Abstract: COMPOUNDS WITH ELECTROPHILIC REACTIVITY. V. 5‐SUBSTITUTED 2‐(4‐DI(2‐CHLOROETHYL)AMINOPHENYL)‐1,3‐DIOXANES
Authors: BELOGORODSKII V. V. , REMIZOV A. L.
Published: April 2016

Die Basizität (ebenso die Hydrolysegeschwindigkeit) der Dioxane (III) ist größer als die der entsprechenden Aldehyde (I); gleiches gilt für das Spirobisdioxan (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: HIGH‐YIELD SYNTHESIS AND CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF 1,5,9,13‐TETRAAZACYCLOHEXADECANE ((16)ANEN4)
Authors: SMITH W. L. , EKSTRAND J. D. , RAYMOND K. N.
Published: April 2016

Die Titelverbindung (III) wird ausgehend vom Tetramin (I) über sein Di‐natrium‐Salz, das zu (II) umgesetzt wird und detosyliert, in guter Ausbeute erhalten.Anhand Röntgen‐diffraktometrischer Messungen wird die Kristallstruktur von (III) bestimmt.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF A SYM‐OXEPIN OXIDE WITH RESTRICTED CONFORMATIONAL MOBILITY AND ALTERED REACTIVITY. X‐RAY CRYSTAL AND MOLECULAR STRUCTURE OF 4,7‐DIBROMO‐3A,7A:5,6‐DIEPOXYPERHYDROINDENE
Authors: RASTETTER W. H. , RICHARD T. J. , JONES N. D. , CHANEY M. O.
Published: April 2016

Aus dem Indanoxid (I) erhält man das Azo‐diepoxid (IV), das Stickstoff unter Bildung des symm. Oxepinoxids (V) eliminiert.
ChemInform Abstract: SUBSTITUTED Γ‐LACTONES. 28. 3‐(PHENYLMETHYLENE)‐2,4‐(3H,5H)FURANDIONES
Authors: ZIMMER H. , HILLSTROM W. W. , SCHMIDT J. C. , SEEMUTH P. D. , VOEGELI R.
Published: April 2016

β‐Tetronsäure (I) kondensiert mit den Aldehyden (II) zu den Benzylidenverbindungen (III), die mit Triethylphosphit glatt die Cyclen (IV) ergeben.
ChemInform Abstract: Unidentate Sulphur‐bonded Monothio‐β‐diketone Complexes of Chromium(0),Molybdenum(0), and Tungsten(0) and Their Protonation. The X‐Ray Structure Analysis of Tetraethylammonium Pentacarbonyl[l,1,1‐trifluoro‐4‐(2‐thienyl)‐4‐thioxobutan‐2‐onato‐S]tungstate(0).
Authors: BARNETT G. H. , COOPER M. K. , MCPARTLIN M. , ROBERTSON G. B.
Published: April 2016

Die Reaktion von Tl(I)‐monothio‐β‐diketonat mit den Pentacarbonylchlorometallationen bei Raumtemp. liefert nach Zugabe von Tetraethylammoniumionen die Komplexe (I) (keine Ausb.‐Angaben).
ChemInform Abstract: ENANTIOSELECTIVE CARBENOID CYCLOPROPANATION CATALYZED BY CHIRAL VIC‐DIOXIMATOCOBALT(II) COMPLEXES PREPARED FROM NATURAL CAMPHOR AND β‐PINENE. MECHANISM AND STEREOCHEMISTRY
Authors: NAKAMURA A. , KONISHI A. , TSUJITANI R. , KUDO M. , OTSUKA S.
Published: April 2016

Zur Diskussion des Mechanismus der Enantioselektion bei der durch chirale Co(II)‐Dioximato‐Komplexe katalysierten Cyclopropanierung von Olefinen mit Diazoacetaten werden verschiedene Komplexe, die nach bekannten Methoden erhalten werden, untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: PREPARATION OF SOME 3‐HYDROXY‐ AND 3‐MERCAPTO‐1,2,4‐TRIAZOLES. REACTION OF ALIPHATIC SELENONE ESTERS WITH SEMICARBAZIDE AND THIOSEMICARBAZIDE DERIVATIVES
Authors: COHEN V. I.
Published: April 2016

Semicarbazone und ihre Thio‐Analoga (I) reagieren mit den Selenoestern (II) über die Substitutionsprodukte zu den Triazolen (IV), die in Tabellen aufgeführt werden.
ChemInform Abstract: THE SYNTHESIS OF SEVERAL PARA‐SUBSTITUTED TROPANYL BENZOATES
Authors: WALLACE J. L. , KIDD M. R. , CAUTHEN S. E. , WOODYARD J. D.
Published: April 2016

Tropin (I) reagiert mit den entsprechenden Säurechloriden zu den Estern (II), die pharmakologisch untersucht werden sollen.
ChemInform Abstract: EFFECT OF PHENYLMAGNESIUM BROMIDE ON Ω‐ALKOXYL NITRILES. CYCLIZATION REACTIONS
Authors: CHASTRETTE M. , AXIOTIS G. P. , GAUTHIER R.
Published: April 2016

Aus den Nitrilen (I) und PhMgBr entstehen bei 35°C die Ketone (II) und bei 135°C auch die Cycli‐ sierungsprodukte (III) und (IV), deren Bildungsmechanismus diskutiert wird.