bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Larval transcriptomic responses of a stony coral, Acropora tenuis, during initial contact with the native symbiont, Symbiodinium microadriaticum
Authors: Yoshioka Yuki , Yamashita Hiroshi , Suzuki Go , Shinzato Chuya
Published: February 2022

Although numerous dinoflagellate species (Family Symbiodiniaceae) are present in coral reef environments,Acroporacorals tend to select a single species,Symbiodinium microadriaticum,in early life stages, even though this species is rarely found in mature colonies. In order to identify molecular mechanisms involved in initial contact with native symbionts, we analyzed transcriptomic responses ofAcropora tenuislarvae at 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 h after their first contact withS. microadriaticum, as well as with non-native symbionts, including the non-symbioticS. natansand the occasional symbiont,S. tridacnidorum. Some gene expression changes were detected in larvae inoculated with non-native symbionts at 1 h post-inoculation, but those returned to baseline levels afterward. In contrast, when larvae were exposed to native symbionts, we found that the number of differentially expressed genes gradually increased in relation to inoculation time. As a specific response to native symbionts, upregulation of pattern recognition receptor-like and transporter genes, and suppression of cellular function genes related to immunity and apoptosis, were exclusively observed. These findings indicate that coral larvae recognize differences between symbionts, and when the appropriate symbionts infect, they coordinate gene expression to establish stable mutualism.
Design, synthesis and evaluation of novel 2-oxoindoline-based acetohydrazides as antitumor agents
Authors: Dung Do T. M. , Park Eun J. , Anh Duong T. , Phan Dung T. P. , Na Ik H. , Kwon Joo H. , Kang Jong S. , Tung Truong T. , Han Sang-Bae , Nam Nguyen-Hai
Published: February 2022

In our search for novel small molecules activating procaspase-3, we have designed and synthesized two series of novel (E)-N'-arylidene-2-(2-oxoindolin-1-yl)acetohydrazides (4) and (Z)-2-(5-substituted-2-oxoindolin-1-yl)-N'-(2-oxoindolin-3-ylidene)acetohydrazides (5). Cytotoxic evaluation revealed that the compounds showed notable cytotoxicity toward three human cancer cell lines: colon cancer SW620, prostate cancer PC-3, and lung cancer NCI-H23. Especially, six compounds, including 4f–h and 4n–p, exhibited cytotoxicity equal or superior to positive control PAC-1, the first procaspase-3 activating compound. The most potent compound 4o was three- to five-fold more cytotoxic than PAC-1 in three cancer cell lines tested. Analysis of compounds effects on cell cycle and apoptosis demonstrated that the representative compounds 4f, 4h, 4n, 4o and 4p (especially 4o) accumulated U937 cells in S phase and substantially induced late cellular apoptosis. The results show that compound 4o would serve as a template for further design and development of novel anticancer agents.
Heat inactivation of clinical COVID-19 samples on an industrial scale for low risk and efficient high-throughput qRT-PCR diagnostic testing
Authors: Delpuech Oona , Douthwaite Julie A. , Hill Thomas , Niranjan Dhevahi , Malintan Nancy T. , Duvoisin Hannah , Elliott Jane , Goodfellow Ian , Hosmillo Myra , Orton Alexandra L. , Taylor Molly A. , Brankin Christopher , Pitt Haidee , Ross-Thriepland Douglas , Siek Magdalena , Cuthbert Anna , Richards Ian , Ferdinand John R. , Barker Colin , Shaw Robert , Ariani Cristina , Waddell Ian , Rees Steve , Green Clive , Clark Roger , Upadhyay Abhishek , Howes Rob
Published: February 2022

We report the development of a large scale process for heat inactivation of clinical COVID-19 samples prior to laboratory processing for detection of SARS-CoV-2 by RT-qPCR. With more than 266 million confirmed cases, over 5.26 million deaths already recorded at the time of writing, COVID-19 continues to spread in many parts of the world. Consequently, mass testing for SARS-CoV-2 will remain at the forefront of the COVID-19 response and prevention for the near future. Due to biosafety considerations the standard testing process requires a significant amount of manual handling of patient samples within calibrated microbiological safety cabinets. This makes the process expensive, effects operator ergonomics and restricts testing to higher containment level laboratories. We have successfully modified the process by using industrial catering ovens for bulk heat inactivation of oropharyngeal/nasopharyngeal swab samples within their secondary containment packaging before processing in the lab to enable all subsequent activities to be performed in the open laboratory. As part of a validation process, we tested greater than 1200 clinical COVID-19 samples and showed less than 1 Cq loss in RT-qPCR test sensitivity. We also demonstrate the bulk heat inactivation protocol inactivates a murine surrogate of human SARS-CoV-2. Using bulk heat inactivation, the assay is no longer reliant on containment level 2 facilities and practices, which reduces cost, improves operator safety and ergonomics and makes the process scalable. In addition, heating as the sole method of virus inactivation is ideally suited to streamlined and more rapid workflows such as ‘direct to PCR’ assays that do not involve RNA extraction or chemical neutralisation methods.
Floodplain soils contamination assessment using the sequential extraction method of heavy metals from past mining activities
Authors: Kanianska Radoslava , Varga Jozef , Benková Nikola , Kizeková Miriam , Jančová Ľubica
Published: February 2022

Floodplains are among the most precious and threatened ecosystems in the world. The study deals with floodplain soil contamination caused by 8 heavy metals (HMs) (Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mo, Ni, Pb, Zn) originating and transported from old mine works along the Štiavnica River in Slovakia. We determined the total HMs content and the HM fractions using BCR sequential extraction method. We selected 12 alluvial sites (AS), two contaminated sites (CS), and one reference site (RS). The sampling points were located within the riparian zones (RZ), arable lands (AL), and grasslands (GL). We confirmed soil contamination by HMs and the related ecological risk by different factors. The contamination by HMs at many AS localities was similar or even higher than at CS localities. The highest contamination factor was calculated for Cu (39.8), followed by Pb (27.4), Zn (18.2), and Cd (7.2). The HMs partitioning in the different fractions at the CS and AS localities revealed that Cd, Zn, and Pb were mainly associated with the exchangeable and reducible fractions, while Cu was mainly associated with the oxidisable fraction. The soil properties were selectively correlated with the HM fractions. Based on the ANOVA results, the effect of different ecosystem types on HM fractions was revealed.
Effect of phosphate and ammonium concentrations, total suspended solids and alkalinity on lignin-induced struvite precipitation
Authors: Li Mozhu , Zhang Huixin , Sun Huijuan , Mohammed Abdul , Liu Yang , Lu Qingye
Published: February 2022

To solve the problems of eutrophication and resource crisis, the recovery of phosphorus by struvite (NH4MgPO4·6H2O) precipitation has become a focus of recent research. The feasibility of using Kraft lignin powder as a seed to promote struvite precipitation has been demonstrated in the previous study. In this study, the effect of lignin in promoting struvite precipitation in synthetic wastewater with different characteristics was investigated. Lignin-induced struvite crystallization was tested under various initial concentrations of PO4–P and NH4–N, total suspended solids (TSS) and alkalinity. At pH 7.9, the enhancement of PO4–P recovery remains around 45% under different PO4–P and NH4–N concentrations. Moreover, lignin is more effective under relatively lower alkalinity and still workable to reduce co-precipitates potential under higher alkalinity. Also, the effect of TSS on PO4–P recovery is not significant. Overall, the effect of lignin in promoting phosphorus recovery is relatively stable and can be used in synthetic wastewater with different characteristics.
Identification and regulatory network analysis of SPL family transcription factors in Populus euphratica Oliv. heteromorphic leaves
Authors: Qin Shao-Wei , Bao Liang-Hong , He Zhi-Gui , Li Cai-Lin , La Hong-gui , Zhao Li-Feng
Published: February 2022

The SQUAMOSA promoter-binding protein-like (SPL) family play a key role in guiding the switch of plant growth from juvenile to adult phases. Populus euphratica Oliv. exhibit typical heterophylly, and is therefore an ideal model for studying leaf shape development. To investigate the role and regulated networks of SPLs in the morphogenesis of P. euphratica heteromorphic leaves. In this study, 33 P. euphratica SPL (PeuSPL) genes were identified from P. euphratica genome and transcriptome data. Phylogenetic analysis depicted the classification of these SPL genes into two subgroups. The expression profiles and regulatory networks of P. euphratica SPL genes analysis displayed that major P. euphratica SPL family members gradually increases from linear to broad-ovate leaves, and they were involved in the morphogenesis regulation, stress response, transition from vegetative to reproductive growth, photoperiod, and photosynthesis etc. 14 circRNAs, and 33 lncRNAs can promote the expression of 12 of the P. euphratica SPLs by co-decoying miR156 in heteromorphic leaf morphogenesis. However, it was found that the effect of PeuSPL2-4 and PeuSPL9 in leaf shape development was contrasting to their homologous genes of Arabidopsis. Therefore, it was suggested that the SPL family were evolutionarily conserved for regulation growth, but were varies in different plant for regulation of the organ development.
Prenatal antioxidant-enriched and pro-oxidant-contained food, IL4 and IL13 pathway genes, and cord blood IgE
Authors: Chen Chien-Han , Lee Yungling Leo , Wu Ming-Hsun , Chen Pao-Jen , Wei Tien-Shan , Tseng Ching-Ing , Chen Wei J.
Published: February 2022

Prenatal oxidative balance might influence cord blood IgE (cIgE) levels. We aimed to explore if certain prenatal dietary sources of antioxidants and pro-oxidants are associated with cIgE elevation and if they interact with IL4 and IL13 pathway genes. A structured questionnaire was completed during the third trimester of pregnancy for 1107 full-term newborns. Surveyed antioxidant-enriched food included fish, shellfish, and fruit, whereas surveyed pro-oxidant-contained food included fried fish sticks and canned fish. Cord blood was collected for measuring cIgE levels and genotypingIL13rs1800925, rs20541, rs848,IL4rs2243250, andSTAT6rs324011. Fairly lean fish consumption showed protection against cIgE elevation (odds ratio [OR] 0.66; 95% CI 0.49–0.90) in the whole sample, while daily fruit (OR 0.46; 95% CI 0.27–0.79) and ≥ monthly canned fish (OR 2.81; 95% CI 1.24–6.36) exhibited associations only in genetically susceptible babies. A prenatal food protective index, comprising any fairly lean fish, daily fruit, and the absence of any canned fish, exerted dose–response protection against cIgE elevation in babies carrying theIL13rs20541 GA or AA genotype (Pfor trend < 0.0001;Pfor interaction = 0.004). We concluded that prenatal antioxidant-enriched and pro-oxidant-contained food consumption may influence cIgE, especially in genetically susceptible babies.
Comparison between Analgesia Nociception Index (ANI) and self-reported measures for diagnosing pain in conscious individuals: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Baroni Daniela Abrão , Abreu Lucas Guimarães , Paiva Saul Martins , Costa Luciane Rezende
Published: February 2022

The Analgesia Nociception Index (ANI), an objective measure of pain based on heart rate variability (HRV), has its usefulness in awake patients still unclear. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess ANI's accuracy compared to self-reported pain measures in conscious individuals undergoing medical procedures or painful stimuli. PubMed, Ovid, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, and grey literature were searched until March 2021. Of the 832 identified citations, 16 studies complied with the eligibility criteria. A meta-analysis including nine studies demonstrated a weak negative correlation between ANI and NRS for pain assessment in individuals in the post-anesthetic recovery room (r = − 0.0984, 95% CI = − 0.397 to 0.220, I2 = 95.82%), or in those submitted to electrical stimulus (r = − 0.089; 95% CI = − 0.390 to 0.228, I2 = 0%). The evidence to use ANI in conscious individuals is weak compared to self-report measures of pain, yet ANI explains a part of self-report. Therefore, some individuals may be benefited from the use of ANI during procedures or in the immediate postoperative period.
Antidiabetic activity of avocado seeds (Persea americana Mill.) in diabetic rats via activation of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway
Authors: Ojo Oluwafemi Adeleke , Amanze Jennifer Chidubem , Oni Abosede Itunuoluwa , Grant Susan , Iyobhebhe Matthew , Elebiyo Tobiloba Christiana , Rotimi Damilare , Asogwa Nnaemeka Tobechukwu , Oyinloye Babatunji Emmanuel , Ajiboye Basiru Olaitan , Ojo Adebola Busola
Published: February 2022

The treatment of diabetes involves the use of herbal plants, attracting interest in their cost-effectiveness and efficacy. An aqueous extract of Persea americana seeds (AEPAS) was explored in this study as a possible therapeutic agent in rats with diabetes mellitus. The induction of diabetes in the rats was achieved by injecting 65 mg/kg body weight (BWt) of alloxan along with 5% glucose. This study was conducted using thirty-six (36) male Wistar rats. The animals were divided into 6 equal groups, (n = 6) and treated for 14 days. In vitro assays for total flavonoid, phenols, FRAP, DPPH, NO, α-amylase, and α-glucosidase, were performed. Biochemical indices fasting blood sugar (FBS), BWt, serum insulin, liver hexokinase, G6P, FBP, liver glycogen, IL-6, TNF-α, and NF-ĸB in the serum, were investigated as well as the mRNA expressions of PCNA, Bcl2, PI3K/Akt in the liver and pancreas. The in vitro analyses showed the potency of AEPAS against free radicals and its enzyme inhibitory potential as compared with the positive controls. AEPAS showed a marked decrease in alloxan-induced increases in FBG, TG, LDL-c, G6P, F-1, 6-BP, MDA, IL-6, TNF-α, and NF-ĸB and increased alloxan-induced decreases in liver glycogen, hexokinase, and HDL-c. The diabetic control group exhibited pancreatic dysfunction as evidenced by a reduction in serum insulin, HOMA-β, expressions of PI3K/AKT, Bcl-2, and PCNA combined with an elevation in HOMA-IR. The HPLC revealed luteolin and myricetin to be the phytochemicals that were present in the highest concentration in AEPAS. The outcome of this research showed that the administration of AEPAS can promote the activation of the PI3K/AkT pathway and the inhibition of β-cell death, which may be the primary mechanism by which AEPAS promotes insulin sensitivity and regulates glycolipid metabolism.
Antagonistic potential of Moroccan entomopathogenic nematodes against root-knot nematodes, Meloidogyne javanica on tomato under greenhouse conditions
Authors: El Aimani Ali , Houari Abdellah , Laasli Salah-Eddine , Mentag Rachid , Iraqi Driss , Diria Ghizlane , Khayi Slimane , Lahlali Rachid , Dababat Abdelfattah A. , Mokrini Fouad
Published: February 2022

The root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne javanica is a devastating pest affecting tomato production worldwide. Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) are considered very promising biocontrol agents that could be used to effectively manage plant-parasitic nematode. The antagonistic activity of five EPN strains isolated from different fields in Morocco was evaluated against juvenile (J2s) antagonism in soil, the number of egg masses, and the galling index of M. javanica and J2s reproduction in the root. In greenhouse experiments, Steinernema feltiae strains (EL45 and SF-MOR9), Steinernema sp. (EL30), and those of Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (HB-MOR7 and EL27) were applied to the soil alongside RKN J2s. There was a significant reduction in M. javanica densities in the soil and roots by EPNs treatments when compared to the positive control. The EPNs decreased both egg masses formation and galling index by 80% compared to the positive control. The application of EPNs at a rate of 50 and 75 infective juveniles (IJs) cm−2 gave significant control of all studied nematological parameters compared to the positive control, which confirmed the importance of the doses applied. The applied dose was significantly correlated with M. javanica parameters according to polynomial regression models. The results also showed that S. feltiae strain (EL45) significantly increased plant height and root length, while H. bacteriophora strain (HB-MOR7) only enhanced root fresh weight. Therefore, both indigenous EPN strains; EL45 and SF-MOR9 have eco-friendly biological potential against M. javanica in vegetable crops.
The toroidal field surfaces in the standard poloidal-toroidal representation of magnetic field
Authors: Yi Sibaek , Choe G. S.
Published: February 2022

The representation of magnetic field as a sum of a toroidal field and a poloidal field has not rarely been used in astrophysics, particularly in relation to stellar and planetary magnetism. In this representation, each toroidal field line lies entirely in a surface, which is named a toroidal field surface. The poloidal field is represented by the curl of another toroidal field and it threads a stack of toroidal field surfaces. If the toroidal field surfaces are either spheres or planes, the poloidal-toroidal (PT) representation is known to have a special property that the curl of a poloidal field is again a toroidal field . We name a PT representation with this property a standard PT representation while one without the property is called a generalized PT representation. In this paper, we have addressed the question whether there are other toroidal field surfaces allowing a standard PT representation than spheres and planes. We have proved that in a three dimensional Euclidean space, there can be no standard toroidal field surfaces other than spheres and planes, which render the curl of a poloidal field to be a toroidal field.
Learning from communication versus observation in great apes
Authors: Marno Hanna , Völter Christoph J. , Tinklenberg Brandon , Sperber Dan , Call Josep
Published: February 2022

When human infants are intentionally addressed by others, they tend to interpret the information communicated as being relevant to them and worth acquiring. For humans, this attribution of relevance leads to a preference to learn from communication, making it possible to accumulate knowledge over generations. Great apes are sensitive to communicative cues, but do these cues also activate an expectation of relevance? In an observational learning paradigm, we demonstrated to a sample of nonhuman great apes (bonobos, chimpanzees, orangutans; N = 24) how to operate on a food dispenser device. When apes had the opportunity to choose between an effective and an ineffective method in the baseline conditions, the majority of them chose the effective method. However, when the ineffective method was demonstrated in a communicative way, they failed to prioritize efficiency, even though they were equally attentive in both conditions. This suggests that the ostensive demonstration elicited an expectation of relevance that modified apes’ interpretation of the situation, potentially leading to a preference to learn from communication, as human children do.
Engineering a multi-target therapy nanoplatform against tumor growth and metastasis via a novel NSAID-Pt(iv) prodrug
Authors: Zhang Di , Nie Jing , Wang Dongbo , Wu Huina , Sun Lei , Wang Xuejian , Wu Jiyong
Published: February 2022

BSA@Ben-Pt(iv) NP anti-tumor growth and metastasis with multi-target therapy: four birds with one stone.
Exploring the polymorphism of sofosbuvir via mechanochemistry: effect of milling jar geometry and material
Authors: Chatziadi Argyro , Skořepová Eliška , Kohout Martin , Ridvan Luděk , Šoóš Miroslav
Published: February 2022

In this work, the influence of polypropylene jar properties on the polymorphic transformations of sofosbuvir during milling experiments is investigated.
Modulating the spectroscopy and dynamics of a proton-transfer dye by functionalizing with phenyl groups
Authors: Gutiérrez Mario , García Eduardo , Monterde Cristina , Sánchez Félix , Douhal Abderrazzak
Published: February 2022

DP-HPPI displays a reversible ESIPT reaction in DCM and breaking of intramolecular H-bonds in ACN.
Hydrophobic association and solvation of neopentane in urea, TMAO and urea–TMAO solutions
Authors: Hajari Timir , Dixit Mayank , Yadav Hari O. S.
Published: February 2022

Hydrophobic associations in pure water, urea solution, TMAO solution and urea-TMAO solution were studied using molecular dynamics simulations.
Catalytic self-transfer hydrogenolysis of lignin with endogenous hydrogen: road to the carbon-neutral future
Authors: Shen Xiaojun , Zhang Chaofeng , Han Buxing , Wang Feng
Published: February 2022

This review describes recently developed self-transfer hydrogenolysis for the lignin depolymerization using itself as a hydrogen donor and proposes a concept of endogenous hydrogen efficiency to assess the utilization rate of endogenous hydrogen.
Visible-light-driven sonophotocatalysis for enhanced Cr(vi) reduction over mixed-linker zirconium-porphyrin MOFs
Authors: Liu Wenhao , Guo Zhifen , Jin Zhi , Chen Dashu , Lu Teng , Jia Peiyun , Xing Hongzhu
Published: February 2022

Visible-light-driven sonophotocatalysis for the rapid reduction of aqueous Cr(vi) over mixed-linker zirconium-porphyrin MOFs.
Vapor phase catalytic photooxidation of sulfides to sulfoxides: application to the neutralization of sulfur mustard simulants
Authors: Oheix Emmanuel , Gravel Edmond , Doris Eric
Published: February 2022

A porphyrin-based setup was developed for the selective photooxidation of sulfides to the corresponding sulfoxides. The process operates in the vapor phase under air atmosphere.
Carbene-like reactivity of methoxy groups in a single crystal SAPO-34 MTO catalyst
Authors: Minova Ivalina B. , Bühl Michael , Matam Santhosh K. , Catlow C. Richard A. , Frogley Mark D. , Cinque Gianfelice , Wright Paul A. , Howe Russell F.
Published: February 2022

In situ synchrotron infrared microspectroscopy on single crystals of SAPO-34 reveals that a carbene insertion mechanism is responsible for the first carbon–carbon bond formation from surface methoxy groups.
Chlorogenic acid improves the intestinal barrier by relieving endoplasmic reticulum stress and inhibiting ROCK/MLCK signaling pathways
Authors: Song Luqing , Wu Tao , Zhang Li , Wan Jin , Ruan Zheng
Published: February 2022

CGA, 5-CQA, CA and PCA increases intestinal homeostasis. CGA inhibits the activation ROCK1, decreases the level of p-MYPT1 and maintains MLCK. also inhibits the activation of GRP78/CHOP and prevents the nuclear translocation of ATF6.
Line plasma versus point plasma VUV LIBS for the detection of carbon in steel: a comparative study
Authors: Zehra Syedah Sadaf , Varvarezos Lazaros , Hayden Paddy , Nicolosi Piergiorgio , Zupella Paola , Alli Muhammad B. , Costello John
Published: February 2022

Comparison of line plasma and point plasma VUV laser induced breakdown spectroscopy for the detection of carbon in steel.
Cannabidiol/hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin inclusion complex: structure analysis, release behavior, permeability, and bioactivity underin vitrodigestion
Authors: Li Hang , Zhao Qingsheng , Wang Liwei , Wang Peidong , Zhao Bing
Published: February 2022

The inclusion complex of CBD greatly improved its release performance and bioactivity.
l-Cysteine modified metal–organic framework as a chiral stationary phase for enantioseparation by capillary electrochromatography
Authors: Lidi Gao , Xingfang Hu , Shili Qin , Hongtao Chu , Xuan Zhao , Bingbing Wang
Published: February 2022

A new kind of chiral zirconium-based metal–organic framework, l-Cys-PCN-222, was synthesized by the SALI method and utilized as the chiral stationary phase in a capillary electrochromatography system for enantioseparation.
Sprayable copper and copper–zinc nanowires inks for antiviral surface coating
Authors: Pan Chaochao , Phadke Kruttika S. , Li Zheng , Ouyang Gaoyuan , Kim Tae-hoon , Zhou Lin , Slaughter Julie , Bellaire Bryan , Ren Shenqiang , Cui Jun
Published: February 2022

SEM and TEM images of copper and copper–zinc nanowires that are sprayable for antiviral surface coating.
Near-infrared fluorescent probe for hydrogen sulfide: high-fidelity ferroptosis evaluation in vivo during stroke
Authors: Liang Tianyu , Qiang Taotao , Ren Longfang , Cheng Fei , Wang Baoshuai , Li Mingli , Hu Wei , James Tony D.
Published: February 2022

A H2S triggered and H2S releasing near-infrared fluorescent probe (HL-H2S) was developed. HL-H2S does not interfere with the progression of ferroptosis by consuming H2S, thus enabling high-fidelity in situ imaging of ferroptosis.
Syngas production at a near-unity H2/CO ratio from photo-thermo-chemical dry reforming of methane on a Pt decorated Al2O3–CeO2catalyst
Authors: Feng Xuhui , Du Zichen , Sarnello Erik , Deng Wei , Petru Cullen R. , Fang Lingzhe , Li Tao , Li Ying
Published: February 2022

At 700 °C under 30-sun equivalent irradiation, the Pt–Al–Ce catalyst shows a high DRM efficiency and a near-unity H2/CO ratio. The concentrated sunlight facilitates photocatalytic reactant activation and leads to enhanced catalytic efficiency.
Amino acid functionalised perylene bisimides for aqueous solution-deposited electron transporting interlayers in organic photovoltaic devices
Authors: Cameron Joseph , Adams Dave J. , Skabara Peter J. , Draper Emily R.
Published: February 2022

Here we show water solubilised amino acid appended perylene bisimides show promising performance for solution-processed multilayer devices where orthogonal processing is necessary, an important factor for greener and large scale fabrication of photovoltaics.
Synthesis and luminescence of Cs2HfCl6 micro- and Cs2HfF6 nanoparticles
Authors: Fellner Madeleine , Lauria Alessandro
Published: February 2022

Cs2HfF6 (CHF) nano- and Cs2HfCl6 (CHC) micro-particles were synthesised using wet chemical methods. The luminescence of CHC single crystals is replicated in the micro-particles, paving the way toward particle-based CHC phosphor materials.
Infrared nonlinear optical sulfide CsCd4In5S12 exhibiting large second harmonic generation response
Authors: Wang Yang , Wang Ruiqi , Che Xiangli , Liang Fei , Luo Min , Tang Yufeng , Cao Yunzhen , Huang Fuqiang
Published: February 2022

An efficient mid-IR NLO material, CsCd4In5S12, achieves a good balance between a high LIDT (9.3 × AgGaS2 in the size range of 150–200 μm) and strong powder SHG (1.1 × AgGaS2).
A porous GaN/MoO3 heterojunction for filter-free, ultra-narrowband ultraviolet photodetection
Authors: Guo Yue , Song Weidong , Liu Qing , Sun Yiming , Chen Zhao , He Xin , Zeng Qingguang , Luo Xingjun , Zhang Ruiqing , Li Shuti
Published: February 2022

A porous GaN/MoO3 heterojunction ultraviolet photodetector with visible-blind, filter-free and ultra-narrowband (FWHM <10 nm) response is presented. This narrowband ultraviolet photodetector is promising for secure communication applications.
A neutral, acyclic, borataalkene-like ligand for group 11 metals: L- and Z-type ligands side by side
Authors: Krämer Felix , Radius Michael , Berberich Helga , Fernández Israel , Breher Frank
Published: February 2022

Side by side! An α-borylated phosphorus ylide can act as L- and Z-type ligand side by side. A detailed experimental and computational study provides evidence for a tuneable L/Z-ratio by varying the metal fragments and/or the boron substituents.
A nanostructured covalent organic framework with readily accessible triphenylstibine moieties for high-performance supercapacitors
Authors: Kang Kun , Wu Zhengyi , Zhao Miaomiao , Li Zijie , Ma Yunlong , Zhang Jingmin , Wang Yan , Sajjad Muhammad , Tao Rao , Qiu Li
Published: February 2022

The well-uniform nanostructures of Sb-COF make triphenylstibine moieties readily accessible by the electrolyte, and the assembled Sb-COF//rGO thus provides an excellent energy density of 69 W h Kg−1.
The synergistically enhanced activity and stability of layered manganese oxide via the engineering of defects and K+ ions for oxygen electrocatalysis
Authors: Zhou Zihao , Zheng Xiaoying , Huang Hongyun , Wu Yanli , Han Shengbo , Cai Weixiong , Lan Bang , Sun Ming , Yu Lin
Published: February 2022

A layered MnO2 rich in defects and interlayered K+ ions is designed and applied as an efficient electrocatalyst for the zinc–air battery. The synergistic effect of defects and K+ ions enhances the ORR activity/stability and assists the OER activity.
A guide to secondary coordination sphere editing
Authors: Drover Marcus W.
Published: February 2022

This tutorial review showcases recent (2015–2021) work describing ligand construction as it relates to the design of secondary coordination spheres (SCSs).
Facile and robust construction of a 3D-hierarchical NaNbO3-nanorod/ZnIn2S4 heterojunction towards ultra-high photocatalytic H2 production
Authors: Zhang Juhua , Gu Huajun , Wang Xinglin , Zhang Huihui , Li Lingfeng , Wang Xiaohao , Dai Wei-Lin
Published: February 2022

The robust 3D-hierarchical NaNbO3-nanorod/ZnIn2S4 heterojunction shows a striking H2-evolution rate of 30.04 mmol h−1 g−1 under sunlight, the highest among reported NaNbO3 and ZnIn2S4-based photocatalysts to date.
Co-delivery of EGCG and lycopene via a pickering double emulsion induced synergistic hypolipidemic effect
Authors: Wang Qun , Wang Ling , Abdullah  , Tian Wenni , Song Mingyue , Cao Yong , Xiao Jie
Published: February 2022

The concept of “synergy” and its applications has rapidly increased in the food industry as a practical strategy to preserve and improve health-promoting effects of the functional ingredients.
Atomic spectrometry update: review of advances in the analysis of clinical and biological materials, foods and beverages
Authors: Patriarca Marina , Barlow Nicola , Cross Alan , Hill Sarah , Robson Anna , Taylor Andrew , Tyson Julian
Published: February 2022

This review discusses developments in elemental mass spectrometry, atomic absorption, emission and fluorescence, XRF and LIBS, as applied to the analysis of specimens of clinical interest, foods and beverages. Sample preparation procedures and quality assurance are also included.
Iodine-DMSO mediated conversion of N-arylcyanothioformamides to N-arylcyanoformamides and the unexpected formation of 2-cyanobenzothiazoles
Authors: Moussa Ziad , Judeh Zaher M. A. , Alzamly Ahmed , Ahmed Saleh A. , Tomah Al-Masri Harbi , Al-Hindawi Bassam , Rasool Faisal , Saada Sara
Published: February 2022

Conversion of N-arylcyanothioformamides to N-arylcyanoformamides and 2-cyanobenzothiazoles has been achieved with I2-DMSO oxidative system.
Cu(ii)-thiophene-2,5-bis(amino-alcohol) mediated asymmetric Aldol reaction and Domino Knoevenagel Michael cyclization: a new highly efficient Lewis acid catalyst
Authors: Al-Majid Abdullah Mohammed , Alammari Abdullah Saleh , Alshahrani Saeed , Haukka Matti , Islam Mohammad Shahidul , Barakat Assem
Published: February 2022

The highly efficient Lewis acid-catalytic system Cu(ii)-thiophene-2,5-bis(amino-alcohol) has been developed for enantioselective Aldol reaction of isatin derivatives with ketones.
Narrowband blue emission with insensitivity to the doping concentration from an oxygen-bridged triarylboron-based TADF emitter: nondoped OLEDs with a high external quantum efficiency up to 21.4%
Authors: Han Jianmei , Huang Zhongyan , Miao Jingsheng , Qiu Yuntao , Xie Ziyang , Yang Chuluo
Published: February 2022

A donor–acceptor TADF emitter showed narrowband high-efficiency blue emission by fine molecular modulation. The corresponding OLEDs exhibited a maximum EQE of 21.4% and a small FWHM of 45 nm, representing the most efficient nondoped blue TADF-OLEDs.
Polymeric indoximod based prodrug nanoparticles with doxorubicin entrapment for inducing immunogenic cell death and improving the immunotherapy of breast cancer
Authors: Zang Xinlong , Song Jinxiao , Yi Xie , Piyu Jiang
Published: February 2022

Immunotherapy based on host immunity has emerged as a powerful therapeutic strategy for tumor treatment.
Correction: A cross-linkable hole transport material having improved mobility through a semi-interpenetrating polymer network approach for solution-processed green PHOLEDs
Authors: Park So-Ra , Kang Ji-Ho , Ahn Dong A , Suh Min Chul
Published: February 2022

Correction for ‘A cross-linkable hole transport material having improved mobility through a semi-interpenetrating polymer network approach for solution-processed green PHOLEDs’ by So-Ra Park et al., J. Mater. Chem. C, 2018, 6, 7750–7758, DOI: 10.1039/C8TC01435C.
A dataset for learning stylistic and cultural correlations between music and videos
Authors: Chen Xinyi , Zhang Hui , Wu Songruoyao , Zheng Jun , Sun Lingyun , Zhang Kejun
Published: February 2022

Music–visual retrieval is of broad interest in the field of Music Information Retrieval (MIR). Most research relies on emotional tags or is based on content but does not consider stylistic and cultural differences between music and videos. As a result, only one‐sided dimensions are considered for automatic music retrieval for videos, while the stylistic correlation between audio‐visual is ignored. At the same time, the needs of different cultural regions cannot be well met. Therefore, the first labelled extensive Music Video (MV) dataset, Next‐MV, is constructed in this paper consisting of 6000 pieces of 30‐s MV fragments, including five music style labels and four cultural labels. The proposed Next‐Net framework is built to study the correlation between music style and visual style. The optimal audiovisual feature set and model structure are obtained in the experiments. The accuracy reached 71.1%, higher than the baseline model (66.9%). Furthermore, in the cross‐cultural experiment, it is found that the accuracy of the general fusion model (71.1%) is between the model trained by within‐dataset (76%) and the model trained by cross‐dataset (60%), indicating that culture has a significant influence on the correlation between music and visual. The experiments of pair classification on cultures are further carried out. It is found that Rock and Dance are more culturally influenced than R&B and Hip‐hop. Among all the cultures discussed, Chinese and Japanese music and videos show great differences among most of the styles, while Korean music videos styles are more similar to western styles than other eastern cultures.
M‐CoTransT: Adaptive spatial continuity in visual tracking
Authors: Fan Chunxiao , Zhang Runqing , Ming Yue
Published: February 2022

Visual tracking is an important area in computer vision. Based on the Siamese network, current tracking methods employ the self‐attention block in convolutional networks to extract semantic features containing the image structure information of an object. However, spatial continuity is a point of contradiction between two seemingly unrelated challenges, that is, occlusion and similar distractor, in tracking methods. At the same time, it is a spatially discontinuous task to locate a target reappearing after occlusion accurately. The prediction of bounding boxes should be constrained by spatial continuity to prevent them from jumping into similar distractors. This study proposes a novel tracking method for introducing spatial continuity in visual tracking called M‐CoTransT; the novel tracking method is developed through the confidence‐based adaptive Markov motion model (M‐model) and a novel correlation‐based feature fusion network (CoTransT). In particular, the M‐model provides confidence for the nodes of the Markov motion model to estimate the motion state continuity. It also predicts a more accurate search region for CoTransT, which then adds a cross‐correlation branch into the self‐attention tracking network to enhance the continuity of target appearance in the feature space. Extensive experiments on five challenging datasets (LaSOT, GOT‐10k, TrackingNet, OTB‐2015 and UAV123) demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed M‐CoTransT in visual tracking.
The effect of end windings and the bearing labyrinth seals on stray capacitances and bearing voltage ratio of AC motors
Authors: Liu Ruifang , Wang Qinqin , Sun Danan , Huai Xiaoji
Published: February 2022

The bearing voltage brings premature failure of the motor bearings in the subway traction system, which is related to the stray capacitance of the motor. Therefore, the accurate calculation of stray capacitance parameters is of great significance for predicting bearing voltage. In previous studies, stray capacitances generally were acquired from simplified model of the motor. The effect of stator end‐winding and the bearing labyrinth seal on stray capacitance was usually ignored. In this study, the stray capacitance is analysed and the finite element calculation is carried out, and the improved finite element model of motor is proposed, which includes the end‐winding treatment and the bearing labyrinth seal. Then the feasibility of the improved model is verified by the measurement, and it is found that the accurate modelling of end windings has a great influence on the capacitance, and the bearing seal capacitance cannot be ignored while it is used in the motor. Finally, the influence of labyrinth seal parameters on the bearing voltage ratio of the motor is analysed, and it is concluded that the reduction of the radial gap width or the axial gap width of labyrinth seal can effectively reduce the risk of baring current.
Improved simulation modelling and its verification for SiC MOSFET
Authors: Yang Xin , Wang Ziru , Ding Yifei , Li Jiawen , Xu Mengwei
Published: February 2022

Of crucial importance is to accurately simulate its switching characteristics for the application of SiC MOSFET. Due to the ultrafast switching capability, SiC MOSFET is dependent on interelectrode capacitances and extremely sensitive to parasitics. Therefore, accurate modelling of interelectrode capacitances and knowledge of parasitics are required. Here, an improved SiC MOSFET model driven by an empirical formula with three segments for the non‐linear drain‐to‐gate capacitance in relationship with the drain‐to‐source voltage is developed. In this way, the capacitance fitting at the inflection point that has a great impact on the switching delay is much improved. By simple self‐made high‐voltage C–V measurement systems, the accuracy of the proposed formula is verified. More importantly, intruded parasitics by the commonly‐used coaxial shunt current measurement loop is analysed in detail. The equivalent circuit of the current measurement loop is incorporated into the device simulation circuit to compensate measurement errors. In this way, the improved model can be more reliably verified and evaluated. A double pulse test is built to verify the proposed model. By comparison of simulation and experimental results, the proposed model works well at different voltage and current operating conditions and offers a reliable and accurate modelling approach.
Debattenbeitrag – Krankenhausfinanzierung aus Sicht der Patienten
Authors: Debatin Jörg , Lohmann Heinz
Published: February 2022

Das DRG-System berücksichtigt nicht den nachhaltigen Erfolg einer Behandlung aus Sicht des Patienten. Die Integration von „Patient Related Outcome Measures“ (PROM) sollte die Basis für eine Weiterentwicklung der DRGs hin zu neuen PRGs, also „Patient Related Groups“, sein. Das wäre ein mutiger Schritt nach vorn, der die Rolle der Patienten stärkt.
Variation in reticulo-rumen volumes between and within sheep breeds and genetic relationships with production traits
Authors: Lambe N. R. , McLaren A. , McLean K. , Gordon J. , Conington J.
Published: February 2022

Context Reducing methane emissions from livestock systems is a global priority. Genetic selection could play a vital role, but direct measurement of methane emissions from individual sheep is expensive and difficult. Previous research studies, in the UK and internationally, have identified links between rumen morphology, measured by computed tomography (CT) scanning, and methane emissions from sheep. In particular, larger reticulo-rumen volumes (RRvol) are associated with increased methane emissions. Aims The aims were to investigate RRvol differences between breeds and sires, in Texel and Scottish Blackface lambs, and to estimate genetic parameters of RRvol and other production traits in Texel sheep. Methods Scottish Blackface (SBF; n = 151) and Texel (TEX; n = 111) lambs of both sexes, reared together on low-ground pastures, were CT scanned in batches pre-slaughter (average age 20 weeks) and RRvol measured to investigate breed and sire effects. Genetic analysis of RRvol measured in 806 Texel ram lambs (∼20 weeks of age) from the UK’s national breeding programme was undertaken to estimate genetic parameters. Key results SBF lambs had reticulo-rumen volumes 30% larger on average than those of TEX (P < 0.001) at the same live weight. Significant sire differences were identified. RRvol measured from images obtained during routine CT scanning was moderately heritable in TEX lambs (h2 = 0.45, s.e. 0.13). Genetic correlations with RRvol were low for growth traits (rg < 0.1), moderate and negative for carcass composition assessed by ultrasound or CT (rg −0.25 to −0.47) and highly negative for CT-measured carcass weight and muscularity (shape) (rg −0.69 and −0.67, respectively), although standard errors were relatively high (0.17–0.3). Phenotypic correlations were of lower magnitude, but followed similar trends. Conclusions RRvol is under genetic control, varying between breeds, sires and individual animals. Lambs with heavier, more muscular carcasses have lower volume reticulo-rumens. Implications. These results add to our understanding of the relationships between rumen morphology and production traits. The genetic relationships between reticulo-rumen measurements and other economically and environmentally important traits (including methane emissions) should be fully investigated before recommendations can be made on their inclusion in breeding programmes.
Preface to the Special Issue of
Authors: Ren Jizhou , Hu Zizhi
Published: February 2022

Rangelands are some of the most widely distributed ecosystems on Earth, covering ~20% of the land surface area. As an important part of terrestrial ecosystems, accurate rangeland classification plays a crucial role in carbon cycling, biodiversity conservation and forage production. The Comprehensive Sequential Classification System of Rangeland (CSCSR), a well accepted rangeland classification system, has attracted global attention and has undergone further development. This paper reviews the origin and development of the CSCSR and its application in the fields of climate change, rangeland and livestock production, even rangeland ecosystem services in detail.
Codeswitching and the Egyptian Arabic construct state
Authors: Sedarous Yourdanis
Published: February 2022

In this paper, I assume a grammatical approach to codeswitching (MacSwan, 2012), which predicts a ban on codeswitching below the head level. Previous literature has analyzed this ban largely at the word-level, terming it aban on word-internal codeswitching. In this paper I argue that the said ban can also be extended from the lexical domain to certain syntactic domains that act as one word. I test MacSwan’s theory in the context of codeswitching within construct state nominals, a genitive construction prevalent in Semitic languages. The construct state is particularly relevant for discussions on the syntax-phonology interface within codeswitching because it is a complex and productive syntactic structure that is mapped onto one word. The results of an acceptability judgment experiment show lowered acceptability for sentences where a codeswitch occurred within a construct state nominal vs. sentences where the codeswitch occurred outside of a construct state nominal. The lowered acceptability for such codeswitched judgments suggests that the ban on word-internal codeswitching is not in fact limited towordsbut can be extended to complex syntactic units thatprosodically function as one word.
Evaluation of quantitative hot cracking criteria
Authors: Suyitno  , Pujiyulianto Eko , Arifvianto Budi , Mahardika Muslim , Salim Urip Agus
Published: February 2022

The research aims to evaluate the quantitative hot cracking criteria. The quantitative criteria, i.e. the SKK (Suyitno–Kool–Katgerman) and the modified SKK criteria were implemented with various parameters such as the cooling rate, strain rate, grain diameter, packing parameter, Mg content in Al9ZnxMg2Cu, and Cu content in Al9Zn2MgxCu. The validation of the result is also conducted by comparing the implementation result with the experimental data. The results show that the hot cracking initiation based on the SKK criterion occurs at lower stress and higher solid fraction than that based on the modified SKK criterion. This means that hot cracking initiation based on the SKK criteria occurs earlier than that based on the modified SKK criteria. Based on the modified SKK criterion, the critical stress initially decreases sharply and then increases gradually with solid fraction, whereas the critical stress remains decreased based on the SKK criterion.
Adaptive Tikhonov strategies for stochastic ensemble Kalman inversion
Authors: Weissmann Simon , Chada Neil K , Schillings Claudia , Tong Xin T
Published: February 2022

Ensemble Kalman inversion (EKI) is a derivative-free optimizer aimed at solving inverse problems, taking motivation from the celebrated ensemble Kalman filter. The purpose of this article is to consider the introduction of adaptive Tikhonov strategies for EKI. This work builds upon Tikhonov EKI (TEKI) which was proposed for a fixed regularization constant. By adaptively learning the regularization parameter, this procedure is known to improve the recovery of the underlying unknown. For the analysis, we consider a continuous-time setting where we extend known results such as well-posedness and convergence of various loss functions, but with the addition of noisy observations for the limiting stochastic differential equations (i.e. stochastic TEKI). Furthermore, we allow a time-varying noise and regularization covariance in our presented convergence result which mimic adaptive regularization schemes. In turn we present three adaptive regularization schemes, which are highlighted from both the deterministic and Bayesian approaches for inverse problems, which include bilevel optimization, the maximum a posteriori formulation and covariance learning. We numerically test these schemes and the theory on linear and nonlinear partial differential equations, where they outperform the non-adaptive TEKI and EKI.
Simultaneous recovery of a locally rough interface and the embedded obstacle with its surrounding medium
Authors: Yang Jiaqing , Li Jianliang , Zhang Bo
Published: February 2022

Consider the problem of scattering of time-harmonic point sources by an infinite locally rough interface with bounded obstacles embedded in the lower half-space. The model problem is first reduced to an equivalent integral equation formulation defined in a bounded domain, where the well-posedness is obtained in L

p
by the classical Fredholm theory. Then a global uniqueness theorem is proved for the inverse problem of recovering the locally rough interface, the embedded obstacles and the wave number in the lower-half space by means of near-field measurements above the interface.