bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modern heating facility for research into the mid-latitude ionosphere
Authors: Vasilyev Roman , Setov Artem , Frolov Vladimir , Ratovsky Konstantin , Beletsky Aleksandr , Oinats Aleksey , Yasyukevich Yury , Medvedev Andrey
Published: June 2020

The development of new devices for research in physics of the upper atmosphere and near-Earth space, which can be used to carry out controlled experiments on the modification of the ionosphere by powerful short-wave radiation, is an urgent task of modern solar-terrestrial physics, space weather, operation of satellite constellations in near-Earth space, radio communications, and radar. The paper describes a modern heating facility, created within the framework of the National Heliogeophysical Complex of the Russian Academy of Sciences. We review the tasks facing the heater, discuss its main technical characteristics, and describe the capability of the observational infrastructure surrounding the heating facility. The paper justifies the long-term benefits of the development of a heating facility at middle latitudes of Eastern Siberia, which can radiate in a frequency range 2.5–6.0 MHz with an effective power of the order of several hundred megawatts. It is important that the heater will be surrounded by such multifunctional instruments as the modern incoherent scatter radar, mesostratospheric lidar, observational systems that can provide a wide range of possibilities for diagnosing artificial plasma disturbances and artificial airglow structures.
Scientific goals of optical instruments of the National Heliogeophysical Complex
Authors: Vasilyev Roman , Artamonov Maksim , Beletsky Aleksandr , Zorkaltseva Olga , Komarova Evgeniya , Medvedeva Irina , Mikhalev Aleksandr , Podlesny Stepan , Ratovsky Konstantin , Syrenova Tatyana , Tashchilin Mikhail , Tkachev Ivan
Published: June 2020

Studies of the upper atmosphere have to be performed using optical photometric and spectrometric means. Modern devices allow precise photometry of the glow of the night atmosphere — airglow — with high temporal spatial and spectral resolution. As a result, the obtained airglow parameters make it possible to determine the physicochemical properties of the upper atmosphere and observe their variation under the influence of various factors. The National Heliogeophysical Complex, which is being created in Eastern Siberia, is therefore to include a certain set of modern optical instruments. The paper presents the main phenomena that will be investigated by the optical instruments of the complex, provides information on their composition and scientific goals, presents the results of preliminary studies performed using a prototype of the instruments. As a result of the studies, the presence of a significant (about 10 m/sec) vertical wind at various altitudes (100 and 250 km) was established, the importance of taking into account the vertical wind to study the vertical dynamics of the charged component was demonstrated. The long-term dynamics of the vertical wind at an altitude of about 100 km has a pronounced seasonal variations and the absence of diurnal variations, whereas the dynamics of the vertical wind at an altitude of 250 km has a pronounced diurnal variations, which is mostly clearly defined in winter. This suggests the presumed presence of vertical circulation cells at various altitude levels. The possibilities of optical stereoscopy and differential image analysis methods are demonstrated, as applied to the study of fast luminous formations and conducting active ground and space experiments to modify Earth's ionosphere. We report the results of the determination of a three-dimensional picture of a long-lived meteor track with the use of two wide-angle cameras. We propose an algorithm that allows us to get a stereo image of events occurring in the upper atmosphere, recorded simultaneously from different observation points. The joint work of the tools of this complex and the development of cooperation with third-party organizations are shown to be a good enough direction for further study of the vertical dynamics of Earth’s upper atmosphere and space weather phenomena.
Project of the Large Solar Telescope with mirror 3 m in diameter
Authors: Grigoryev Victor , Demidov Mikhail , Kolobov Dmitriy , Pulyaev Vasiliy , Skomorovsky Valery , Chuprakov Sergey
Published: June 2020

One of the most important problems of modern solar physics is the observation of the small-scale structure of the solar atmosphere at various heights (including the chromosphere and corona) in different spectral lines. Such observations can be made only with large solar telescopes whose main mirror has a diameter of at least 3 m. Currently, several large solar telescopes are under construction or development in the world. In 2013 in Russia, the work began on the development of a national large solar telescope with a mirror 3 m in diameter (LST-3), which is a part (subproject) of the National Heliogeophysical Complex of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The telescope is planned to be located in the Sayan Solar Observatory at an altitude of more than 2000 m. The choice was made in favor of the classic axisymmetric Gregory optical layout on an alt-azimuth mount. The scientific equipment of LST-3 will consist of several systems of narrow-band tunable filters and spectrographs for various wave ranges. The equipment will be placed both in the main coude focus on a rotating platform and in the Nasmyth focus. To achieve a diffraction resolution, high-order adaptive optics (AO) will be used. It is assumed that with a certain modification of the optical configuration, LST-3 will work as a 0.7 m mirror coronograph in near infrared lines and can also be used for observing astrophysical objects in the nighttime.
ISTP SB RAS decameter radars
Authors: Berngardt Oleg , Kurkin Vladimir , Kushnarev Dmitriy , Grkovich Konstantin , Fedorov Roman , Orlov Andrey , Harchenko Vitaliy
Published: June 2020

Under the project National Heliogeophysical Complex of the Russian Academy of Sciences, it is planned to create several coherent decameter radars. ISTP SB RAS developed a network of coherent decameter radars well before the start of financing this project. This has provided extensive experience in operating such radars, has enabled us to identify their technological problems, which should be solved when creating radars of own design, and to develop a project of radars with broader capabilities for diagnostics of the ionosphere as compared to existing radars of similar types. The paper analyzes the existing EKB ISTP SB RAS radar, reviews its technological problems, and proposes the structure of a new radar of SECIRA type. We report the results of prototyping of elements of the SECIRA radar, which demonstrate the possibility of its implementation. We discuss the potential applicability of the radar to ionospheric studies on the territory of the Russian Federation, in particular in high-latitude regions.
Mesostratospheric Lidar for the Heliogeophysical Complex
Authors: Matvienko Gennady , Marichev Valery , Bobrovnikov Sergey , Yakovlev Semen , Chistilin Aleksandr , Sautkin Vladimir
Published: June 2020

The Heliogeophysical Complex of RAS, which is developing at the Institute of Solar-Terrestrial Physics SB RAS in the Irkutsk region, includes instruments for studying the Sun, the upper atmosphere and the mesostratospheric lidar system (MS lidar) for analyzing the neutral part of the atmosphere from Earth’s surface to the thermosphere (100–110 km altitude). More specifically, the objective of the MS lidar is to measure profiles of thermodynamic parameters of the atmosphere and the altitude distribution of the aerosol-gas composition. To solve these problems, the MS lidar ensures the use of several laser sensing methods at a number of specially selected laser wavelengths in the total range 0.35–1.1 μm. In this case, the following types of scattering are used: molecular, aerosol, Raman, resonance, as well as differential absorption, Doppler broadening and shift of the spectrum of scattered radiation. The article describes the methods used in the MS lidar and the measured atmospheric characteristics.
Labour pain management practices among obstetric care providers in Hawassa city, Ethiopia
Authors: Wakgari Negash , Mekonnen Mekdes , Lema Berhanu , Negasu Adisu , Lulu Bethlehem , Abebe Eyerusalem
Published: June 2020

Background/aims

In Ethiopia, a country with low rates of delivery in institutions, managing labour pain can help as an incentive to enhance institutional delivery. This study aimed to assess labour pain management practice, attitudes towards these practices and associated sociodemographic characteristics among obstetric care providers.

Methods

An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among obstetric care providers from 15–30 May, 2018. A pre-tested and structured questionnaire was used to collect data on the labour pain management practices of participants and attitudes towards these practices. Logistic regression analyses were used to test the association between sociodemographic characteristics and labour pain management practices and attitudes.

Results

Only 13.8% of providers routinely practiced labour pain management. Participants who were a physician (adjusted odds ratio=0.18, P=0.001) or had 5 years or more experience (adjusted odds ratio=0.41, P=0.001) were less likely to practice labour pain management. Participants with a BSc or higher degree (adjusted odds ratio=3.58, P=0.003) or a favourable attitude (adjusted odds ratio=2.97, P=0.001) were more likely to practice labour pain management.

Conclusions:

The overall practicing of labour pain management among obstetric care providers in Hawassa city was low. A national protocol on labour pain management practice for obstetric care providers should be developed to address this.
Innovating heart failure services: an interview with Jayne Masters
Authors: Allkins Suzannah , Masters Jayne
Published: June 2020

The British Journal of Cardiac Nursing's Suzannah Allkins interviewed Jayne Masters, the lead heart failure nurse specialist at the University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust and past chair of the British Society for Heart Failure Nurse Forum.
Changing the optics on palm oil: Fair Trade smallholder supply chains from the palm's ancestral home in West Africa
Authors: Williams George
Published: June 2020

Traidcraft Exchange and its sister business Traidcraft Plc have been developing Fair Trade supply chains for over three decades. As core 'Fairtrade'-certified commodities such as coffee, cocoa, tea and bananas have become mainstream in the UK market since the late 1990s, Traidcraft has focused energies on bringing new innovative supply chains and new small-producer organisations into the wider Fair Trade system. The case study presented here is of palm oil sourced from smallholder farmers in Ghana's Eastern region: a commodity normally synonymous with environmental degradation and an area left behind by the economic development of Greater Accra. The case study seeks to demonstrate how Traidcraft's explicit focus on working with small producers and new innovative product ranges provides a counter-balance to consolidation of certified 'Fairtrade' around core commodities. At the same time, the case study highlights some of the challenges of bringing new products to market in the UK's current retail environment.
Bioleft: open-source seeds for low-input farming systems
Authors: Cremaschi Almendra , van Zwanenberg Patrick
Published: June 2020

This article describes Bioleft, an ‘open source’, highly collaborative seed breeding initiative, in order to encourage reflection on potential synergies with fair trade ideas and practices. Bioleft aims to develop and redistribute collective agency over seed breeding, as a response to the emergence of an oligopolistic seed industry. It is experimenting with novel approaches to seed innovation that increase the diversity of crop varieties, in order to support agricultural practices that are ignored by mainstream seed firms, particularly small-scale family farming and more ecologically and socially sustainable agricultural practices. More generally it is experimenting with new forms of social and productive organization based on norms of sharing and solidarity.
Neutron grating interferometer with an analyzer grating based on a light blocker
Authors: Kim Youngju , Kim Daeseung , Lee Seho , Kim Jongyul , Hussey Daniel S. , Lee Seung Wook
Published: June 2020

We study an analyzer grating based on a scintillation light blocker for a Talbot-Lau grating interferometer. This is an alternative way to analyze the Talbot self-image without the need for an often difficult to fabricate absorption grating for the incident radiation. The feasibility of this approach using a neutron beam has been evaluated and experiments have been conducted at the cold neutron imaging facility of the NIST center for Neutron Research. The neutron grating interferometer with the proposed analyzer grating successfully produced attenuation, differential phase, and dark-field contrast images. In addition, numerical simulations were performed to simulate the Talbot pattern and visibility using scintillation screens of different thicknesses and there is good agreement with the experimental measurements. The results show potential for reducing the difficulty of fabricating analyzer grating, and a possibility for the so-called shadow effect to be eliminated and large-area gratings to be produced, especially when applied to X-rays. We report the performance of the analyzer grating based on a light blocker and evaluate its feasibility for the grating interferometer.
Transduction of large optomechanical amplitudes with racetrack-loaded Mach-Zehnder interferometers
Authors: Westwood-Bachman J. N. , Maksymowych M. P. , Van V. , Hiebert W. K.
Published: June 2020

Chip-integrated photonic devices have stimulated development in areas ranging from telecommunications to optomechanics. Racetrack resonators have gained popularity for optomechanical transduction due to their high sensitivity and cavity finesse. However, they lack sufficient dynamic range to read out large amplitude mechanical resonators, which are preferred for sensing applications. We present a robust photonic circuit based on a Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) combined with a racetrack resonator that increases linear range without compromising high transduction sensitivity. Optical and mechanical properties of combined MZI-racetrack devices are compared to lone racetracks with the same physical dimensions in the undercoupled, overcoupled and critical coupled regimes. We demonstrate an overall improvement in dynamic range, transduction responsivity, and mass sensitivity of up to 4x, 3x and 2.8x, respectively. Our highly phase sensitive MZI circuit also enables applications such as on-chip optical homodyning.
Ampliando Entre Blow Up de Antonioni y el Cementerio de las Cenizas del Pensamiento de John Hejduk
Authors: Barberá Pastor Carlos
Published: June 2020

Artículo de opinión sobre la película Blow Up de Michelangelo Antonioni a través de unas reflexiones de John Hejduk y su proyecto titulado el Cementerio de las Cenizas del Pensamiento.
Oíza
Authors: Martínez-Medina Andrés
Published: June 2020

El presente texto es la reseña del libro "Oíza", de 2018, escrito por el profesor Javier Vellés.
Reseña de "Atlas Conceptual. Historia y Teoría de la arquitectura moderna"
Authors: Martínez-Medina Andrés
Published: June 2020

Se trata de una reseña del libro "Atlas Conceptual. Teoría e Historia de la arquitectura moderna".
Virtual Screening of Flavonoid Compounds against Angiotensin II Type I Receptor Using Docking Method
Authors: Fajriaty Inarah , Arfimaz Fahli , Riza Hafrizal
Published: June 2020

The aim of this study was to determine the affinities and interactions of five flavonoids, namely quercetin, epicatechin, genistein, luteolin and hesperetin, against AT1R. Using the docking method, in silico studies were conducted, and AutoDock Vina and ChemOffice programs were used to analyse permeability and stability of atoms in the ligand. Discovery Studio was used for interaction visualization. Using ANOVA, ligand affinity was statistically analysed with 95% confidence level. The five flavonoids, namely quercetin, epicatechin, genistein, luteolin and hesperetin, and two positive controls, namely valsartan and losartan, had H donors < 5, H acceptors < 10 and molecular weights 302.24, 290.27, 270.24, 286.24, 302.28, 435.53 and 422.92 g/mol, respectively. Furthermore, the affinity of these ligands against AT1R were -8.3, -7.8, -8.3, -8.3, -7.6, -8.7 and -9.2 kcal/mol, respectively. Few amino acid residues showed interactions similar to the control, such as van der Waals, hydrogen bond and pi-interactions. All ligands in the normality and homogeneity tests showed p-values > 0.05 and equal to 0.059, respectively. The five flavonoids had p-value < 0.05 against the controls. All the five flavonoids have good permeability and their statistical affinity was significantly different from the controls. Nevertheless, active site cavities and amino acid residues similar to the controls enabled the flavonoids to interact with AT1R. The affinity of quercetin is statistically similar to that of genistein and luteolin, whereas that of epicatechin is similar to hesperetin
Formation of TiO2 Nanotubular Layers on Ti-6Al-4V Based Dental Implants for Inhibiting Biofilm Growth
Authors: SLAMET  , BACHTIAR BOY M. , WULAN PRASWASTI P.D.K. , APRIANTO BILLY , IBADURROHMAN MUHAMMAD
Published: June 2020

Modification of Ti-6Al-4V through electrochemical anodization method has been investigated on the purpose of generating TiO2 nanotube
arrays (TiNTAs) on the surface of Ti-6Al-4V films. The as-anodized samples were calcined in an atmospheric furnace at various temperatures,
in the range of 500-800 ºC. The evaluation of biofilm inhibition was performed by an in vitro method with Streptococcus mutans as a
bacterium model. FE-SEM imaging confirmed the successful formation of TiO2 nanotube arrays while XRD results implied a phase
transformation from anatase to rutile when the calcination temperature was around 600-650 ºC with average crystallite size of 18 nm.
Calcination temperature is one of determining factors in the adjustment of crystallinity and morphology of TiO2, which in turn affects its
capability to suppress biofilm formation. This study revealed that the best sample for biofilm inhibition was calcined at 600 ºC with a
crystallite phase of mostly anatase. This sample managed to improve antibacterial activity of up to five times as compared to the unmodified
Ti-6Al-4V. The output of this study is expected to give some insight on a promising alternative for preventing the formation of harmful
biofilm on dental implants.
Improved Thermal Stability of Radiation Degradative
Poly(methyl methacrylate) by Blending with Poly(ethylene glycol)
Authors: Al-Gahtany S. Ali , Alshangiti D. Mohamed , Madani M. , Ghobashy M. Mohamady
Published: June 2020

A blend polymer consists of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) in
four ratios 20:0, 18:2, 16:4 and 14:6. The blend polymer (PMMA/PEG) was characterized by using
differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), TGA and FTIR. FTIR analysis proved that the lack of
miscibility and interactions between PMMA (hydrophobic) and PEG (hydrophilic) were not due to
hydrogen bonding but gamma irradiation at doses up to 20 kGy. Furthermore, DSC thermograms of
the blend polymers display a positive deviation during the glass transition temperature (Tg) of PMMA
due to gamma irradiation-induced PEG crosslinking, decreasing the molecular motion and chain
relaxation between the two polymers. Blends that are not irradiated show negative Tg deviation from
the corresponding values due to plasticization of PEG. Furthermore, the melting point (Tm) of PMMA
increased with an increase in PEG, which acts as a filler at high temperatures.
Radiation Synthesis of Organostarch as Fluorescence Label
Authors: Alkhursani Sheikha A. , Ghobashy Mohamed Mohamady , Madani Mohamed
Published: June 2020

Fluorescence label preparation, being the core of sensing and imaging, is the most interesting aspect
of label technology. Using the gamma irradiation technique, a facial method is proposed to prepare
organostarch consisting of polyaniline and starch. Polyaniline was introduced into starch molecules to
form an inclusion complex between V-type starch and aniline monomer. The inclusion complex thus
formed consisted of starch-aniline crosslink caused by gamma irradiation through organostarch
crosslinks. Thus, organostarch develops fluorescence property at 470 nm possibly through the interaction
of aniline and starch, which are both fluorophores. A comparative analysis of variations is performed
in common fluorescent labels of starch and organostarch based on their physico-chemical properties.
X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry were utilized to confirm
the inclusion of polyaniline into starch molecules. Furthermore, using a fluorescence microscope, the
positive implementation of fluorescent organostarch was verified. Fluorescent organostarch can be
synthesized through this simple method and can be widely used for developing biomarkers and
biosensors in food and biomedical industries. Organostarch produces florescence under mild conditions
even without complicated preparations, such as additives for labelling with dye fluorescence. The
intensity of fluorescence of organostarch was 17,000 times that of natural starch.
Structure Analysis of Sulfated Polysaccharides Extracted from Scinaia
interrupta: A Experimental and Density Functional Theory Studies
Authors: Acharjee Nivedita , Ghosh Tuhin
Published: June 2020

In present report, a combined experimental and theoretical study has been performed to address the
isolation procedure and spectroscopic structure elucidation of polysaccharides such as xylomannan
isolated from marine red algal source Scinaia interrupta. The structure of the polysaccharides obtained
from the red algae of Scinaia interrupta has been studied from NMR, IR and GC-MS spectroscopy.
The investigation revealed that red algae contained a backbone of α-(1→4)-linked D-mannopyranosyl
residues substituted at 6-position with a single stub of β-D-xylopyranosyl residues. The major
polysaccharide, which had 0.6 sulfate groups per monomer unit and an apparent molecular mass of
120 KDa. The backbone structure was optimized at DFT/B3LYP/6-311G(d,p) level of theory and
GIAO-NMR studies were performed at B3LYP/6-311++G(2d,p) level of theory followed by mean
absolute error calculations of the computed chemical shifts for two possible conformers resulting
from the flipping of xylopyranosyl residue. The NMR calculations were in agreement with the
experimental findings. The experimental 1H NMR chemical shifts were then correlated with the NBO,
Merz Kollman (MK), ChelpG and Mulliken charges of the predicted conformer. A reasonable correlation
with the experimental 1H NMR chemical shifts and the computed NBO charges with correlation
coefficient of 0.906.
Synthesis, Characterization and Anti-Cancer Studies of Curcumin Diketimines-Heteropolyacid Composites
Authors: SAMANNAN BHARATH , SELVAM JOTHI , THAVASIKANI JEYABALAN
Published: June 2020

A novel composite of curcumin diketimine (CDK)-heteropolyacid (where HPA = vanadium doped Keggin anion and CDK = curcuminbenzoguanamine)
had been synthesized. The hybrid composites were investigated by analytical methods such as elemental analysis, FTIR,
13C NMR, SEM, EDS, XRD, DSC-TGA, ESR spectral studies and biological activities. Encapsulated hybrid composite also studied
(in vitro) against MCF-7 cancer cell lines. ESR results showed that the presence of (V4+) ion nitrogen ligation in the composite. 13C NMR
of CDK ligand value of 183.37 and 55.06 ppm corresponds to (2=N) and (O-CH3) may be due to the composites. The morphology of
molybdovanadate (HPA) showed a structure of self-assembled round shape of a diameter around 1 μm.
Synthesis, Characterization and DNA Binding Studies of N,N′-bis(2-Hydroxy-5-methylbenzylidene)- 2-hydroxy-propane-1,3-diamine Copper(II) and Nickel(II) Complexes
Authors: Ramina  , Singh Rajkumar Bhubon , U-wang Oinam , Singh Thoudam Surchandra , Jamir T. Tiakaba
Published: June 2020

Two new Schiff base transition metal complexes [Cu(HL)]2.CH3CH2OH (1) and [Ni(HL)] (2) (L = N,N′-bis(2-hydroxy-5-methyl-benzylidene)-2-hydroxy-propane-1,3-diamine) were synthesized and characterized by different physico-chemical and spectroscopic techniques. Structure of complex 1 was determined by single crystal X-ray diffractometer. Both the complexes have distorted square planar geometry. The DNA binding study of two complexes was performed via electronic absorption, cyclic voltammetry, photoluminescence, and viscosity methods and found to be intercalative mode of binding.
Charge Transfer Interactions of p-Azoxyanisole Complexes for Electrooptical Activity
Authors: Shankar Kumar Ch. Ravi , Deepthi S. , Jha Anjali
Published: June 2020

In particular interactions due to organic-inorganic molecules results self assembled structures organize
supramolecular structures for molecular, electronic and electrooptical properties. Supramolecular
structures originated are complexes with organic (p-azoxyanisole) molecule, synthesized with metal
nanoparticles (iron, copper and aluminium.) Spectroscopic studies interpret infrared spectra with
wavenumbers of characteristic bands in assigned regions; wavenumbers with reduced intensity in
Raman spectra attribute metal-organic framework with charge transfer. Designed frame work with
dense participation of carriers interpret electron correlation and exchange interaction specifying
molecular, electronic and electrooptical properties with Gaussian package using electron density method.
Deterministic procedure attribute vital role of charge transfer interactions responsible in formation of
complex with improvement in properties responsible for electrooptical activity.
Synthesis, Characterization, Crystallographic Studies of 5-Acetyl-8-hydroxyquinoline and Their Chalcone Derivatives
Authors: Vagish C.B. , Kumara Karthik , Lokanath N.K. , Kumar K. Ajay , Chandrasherkar P.G.
Published: June 2020

An efficient, easy and one pot synthesis for the Friedel-Craft acetylation reaction of quinolines was
developed. The reaction between 8-hydroxyquinoline and acetyl/benzoyl chloride in nitrobenzene
immediately flocculates as yellow precipitate. On further addition of Lewis acid causes the Friedel-Craft
acetylation leads to formation of acetylated quionlines in good yields. The structure of compound
5-acetyl-8-hydroxyquinoline (3) was confirmed by single crystal X-ray diffraction studies. The
compound crystallizes in the monoclinic crystal system with the space group P21/c. The synthesized
acetylated quionlines undergoes condensation reaction with aromatic aldehydes leads to
8-hydroxyquinoline chalcones derivatives. The products were characterized by spectral studies,
elemental analysis and single crystal X-ray diffraction studies.
Reaction of Carbidopa with cis-[Cr(C2O4)2(H2O)2]− in Aqueous Medium: A Kinetic, Mechanistic and Antiparkinsonian Study of the Product Complex
Authors: Rout Sudhanshu Sekhar , Kar Durga Madhab , Si Sudam Chandra , Patnaik Ajaya Kumar , Mohanty Prakash
Published: June 2020

For the treatment of Parkinson′s disease, the second most common neurodegenerative disorder, requires a combination of levodopa with a peripheral decarboxylase inhibitor, such as carbidopa which provides a symptomatic relief to patients. Reaction of carbidopa with cis-[Cr(C2O4)2(H2O)2]– has been carried out in aqueous medium over the range 35 ≤ t ≤ 50 ºC, 4.0 ≤ pH ≤ 6.0 , 3.75 × 10-3 mol dm-3 ≤ [carbidopa] ≤ 9.38 × 10-3 mol dm-3, I (KNO3) = 0.1 mol dm-3. There is outersphere association between cis-[Cr(C2O4)2(H2O)2]– and conjugate base of carbidopa followed by first chelation. The characterization of the product was performed by using NMR and infrared spectroscopies. The product showed better antiparkinsonian activity than the combination of levodopa and carbidopa
Green Synthesis and Evaluation of Dimocarpus longan Leaves Extract
Based Chitosan Nanoparticles against Periodontitis Triggering Bacteria
Authors: Fuloria N.K. , Ko M.Y. , Rui C.S. , Hang C.Z. , Karupiah S. , Paliwal N. , Kumari U. , Gupta K. , Sathasivam K. , Fuloria S.
Published: June 2020

Present study was intended to synthesize and evaluate the Dimocarpus longan leaves aqueous extract
(DLLAE) based chitosan nanoparticles (CSNPs) against periodontitis triggering bacteria. In present
study the DLLAE was prepared by extracting D. Longan leaves in distilled water using decoction
method. The prepared DLLAE was subjected to phytochemical investigations, total phenolic content,
total flavonoid content study and CSNPs synthesis. The CSNPs were characterized (using UV-visible,
FT-IR, SEM, FESEM, XRD and EDX) and evaluated for their potential against periodontitis triggering
bacteria (using agar well diffusion method). The phytochemical investigations over DLLAE exhibited
presence of monosaccharides, reducing sugars, proteins, steroids, anthraquinones and coumarins
glycosides, flavonoids, alkaloids, organic acid, tannic and phenolic compounds. The CSNPs were
formed using DLLAE when the colour changed from white to pale brown. Absorbance of the CSNPs
was in the desired range (201-310 nm). The optimization study revealed 1% acetic acid, 1% sodium
alginate, 2 mg/mL chitosan, pH 5.8 and 1 mL DLLAE as the standard requirement for CSNPs synthesis
using DLLAE. The CSNPs characterization data of FT-IR exhibited shifted bands. The FESEM revealed
that the synthesized CSNPs were spherical in shape and their size ranged from 74.66 to 94.07 nm. The
XRD data showed peaks at 2θ values of 22.28º, 25.19º, 34.72º, 40.0º, 71.16º and 73.0º. The average
size for CSNPs was between 30.11-62.98 nm. The EDX spectrum revealed signal for carbon (76.17%),
oxygen (22.14%) and sodium (1.53%) which confirmed formation of CSNPs. The antibacterial activity
revealed high inhibitory potential of green CSNPs against S. aureus. Present studies establish that
CSNPs biosynthesis using D. longan leaves aqueous extract is an efficient method and the
biosynthesized CSNPs possess high antibacterial potential against S. aureus (bacteria that triggers
periodontitis).
Method Development and Validation of Ion Chromatography Method for
Determination of Free Sulfate in Fondaparinux Sodium Pre-Filled Syringe
Authors: Srinivas Kona S. , Kalva Mahesh , Changali Mallesh , akka Narasimha S. L
Published: June 2020

A simple ion chromatography method was developed for the quantitative determination of free sulfate
in fondaparinux sodium pre-filled syringe for injection. Chromatographic separation was achieved on
an anion-exchange resin column made of super macro porous polyvinyl benzyl ammonium polymer
cross-linked with divinyl benzene (250 × 4.0 mm) with a mobile phase consisting of 60 mM carbonate
buffer solution. Conductivity detector was employed with a flow rate of 0.7 mL min-1, injection volume
of 100 μL and column temperature of 30 ºC. Retention time of sulfate (SO4
2−) was eluted at about 10.4
min. The developed method was validated in according to ICH Q2(R1) guideline and was found to be
specific, precise, accurate, linear and robust. The precision was evaluated with six individual spiked
samples of sulfate on Fondaparinux sodium for injection. The proposed method is linear (r2 > 0.9991)
and accurate, mean recoveries were 99.2-117.8 % at 3 different levels (50-150%). The robustness was
performed by changing the flow rate of mobile phase (0.7 ± 0.1mL min-1) and column temperature (30
± 2 ºC). The proposed method is capable to determine free sulphate in fondaparinux sodium for
injection in presence of excipients used in pharmaceutical formulation and also in its active
pharmaceutical ingredient.
Development and Validation of UPLC-ESI-MS/MS Technique for the
Determination of 2-Isopropyl-4-(chloromethyl)thiazole in Ritonavir
Authors: Raja K. Durga , Venkata Ramana V. Saradhi , Babu K. Raghu , Babu B. Kishore , Kumar V. Jagadeesh , Pavan Kumar K.S.R. , Sharma Hemant Kumar
Published: June 2020

The objective of this work was to develop and validate a rapid, highly sensitive ultra performance
liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-MS/MS) method for the quantification
of 2-isopropyl-4-(chloromethyl)thiazole in ritonavir. Chromatographic conditions of this impurity
were achieved on an AQUITY UPLC column HSS (high strength silica) T3 column (100 mm long, 2.1
mm internal diameter, 1.8 μm diameter) using a gradient elution with 0.1% formic acid in water and
methanol at a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min. LCMS/MS was operated under the multiple reaction mode
(MRM) using electrospray ionization technique in positive ion mode and the transitions of m/z
176.1[M+H]+→140.1 for quantifier, 176.1[M+H]+→71.0 for qualifier were used to measure the
impurity, respectively. The total chromatographic run time was 10 min. Full validation of the analytical
method was carried out, including its system precision, selectivity, linearity, accuracy, recovery,
ruggedness, stability and robustness. A linear response function was achieved in the concentration
range of 0.12-1.86 μg/g with r > 0.99. The detection limit and quantitation limit of this impurity were
0.06 and 0.12 μg/g, respectively. Consistent recoveries were obtained during intra- and inter-day
precision experiments in validation ranged from 80-120%. The developed method could be helpful
not only for quality control and also for risk management of potential genotoxicity of this impurity in
ritonavir drug substance.
Development and Characterization of SDS Doped Poly(aniline-co-2-isopropylaniline)
MWCNT/CuO Nanocomposites for Electrochemical Supercapacitor Application
Authors: Singh Kamal Kant , Sharma Ashok K.
Published: June 2020

A novel electroactive nanocomposite material containing aniline-co-2-isopropylaniline (Pani-co), SDS
doped poly-Pani-co, copper oxide (CuO), and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) has been
developed by in situ oxidative synthesis technique. The electrochemical execution of synthesised
composite as electroactive supercapacitor material was examined through three electrode cell assembly
viz. cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge/discharge analysis (GCD) and electrochemical
impedance study. Physical and chemical characteristics of synthesized SDS doped Pani-co/MWCNT/
CuO nanocomposite were explored via FTIR, TGA, XRD, FESEM and EDX methods. The results
confirmed that the existence of metal oxide on MWCNTs enhanced the redox activity of the prepared
composite. The maximum specific capacitance obtained in cyclic voltammetric studies was 1473 F/g at
sweep rate of 3mV/s, and the maximum specific capacitance obtained with GCD studies was 1512 F/g
at current density of 1A/g in 1M Na2SO4 aqueous solution of with better cycle life.
ZnO Nanosheets Exhibiting High UV Blocking Efficiency for Effective Application in Sunscreen
Authors: Sahu Dojalisa , Panda Nihar R. , Dash Debasrita
Published: June 2020

Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanopowder has been prepared by wet chemical method and tested for its effective
UV blocking property coated on photosensitive paper/fabric samples. Zinc acetate dihydrate and
ammonium hydroxide were adopted as synthesis precursors. Phase and crystallographic analysis of
the samples have been carried out by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and show that ZnO sample belong to
hexagonal wurtzite phase without any impurity. Surface morphology of ZnO samples studied by field
emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) shows the formation of nanosheets with porous
structure. These porous nanosheets have surface area varying from 5000-30000 nm2 with thickness
10-15 nm. ZnO nanosheets on the photosensitive paper show UV absorbance around 300 nm as observed
from the absorption spectrum. The reflectance spectrum of ZnO also shows its effectiveness in reflecting
UV light in the region of 350-400 nm. The sun protection factors (SPF) and ultraviolet protection factors
(UPF) calculated from the above studies are also encouraging implicating the use of ZnO in sunscreen.
The above experiment is carried out by preparing a photosensitive layer similar to human skin. Similar
experiment has also been carried out by treating ZnO nanosheets on fabric samples and studying its
effectiveness for protection from UV rays.
Case Series on Chiasmal Lesions with Ocular Manifestations seen at the Eye Center of a Tertiary Government Hospital in Philippines
Authors: Amir Aishath Jeneena
Published: June 2020

Objective
To identify common ocular and non-ocular signs and symptoms of patients with chiasmal lesions presenting to ophthalmologists.

Methods
This is a three year case series of patients who presented to Rizal Medical Center Ophthalmology OPD clinic, diagnosed as cases of chiasmal lesion with a complete neuro-ophthalmogical exam, ancillary test and neuroimaging. Data collected include patient profile, ocular and non ocular symptoms, duration of blurring of vision (BOV), best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), Color Vision, Optic nerve (ON) description, Visual field defects (VFD) and size & location of chiasmal lesion.

Results
A total of twelve patients were included with 1:1 M:F ratio and a median age of 39 years. Blurring of Vision was the presenting symptom in 10 cases, bulging of the eyes and headaches in the remaining cases. Associated symptoms include: non specific headache in all; diplopia in 3 (1 with and 2 without motility defects); and systemic symptoms related to hormonal imbalance in 2 cases.

Best corrected vision ranged from 6/6 to no light perception (NLP). Color vision was affected in all cases. ON palor was seen in 6 (50%) and disc edema in 1 case. VFD include Junctional scotoma (58.33%), bitemporal hemianopia (33.3%) and generalised scotoma (8.3%). Neuroimaging revealed pituitary lesions in 10 cases, 1 craniopharyngioma and ON glioma with chiasmal extension.

Conclusion
Ocular and non ocular symptoms seen were comparable to other studies except that Junctional scotoma was the most common VFD identified in the included population of our case series. This highlights the importance of VF testing among patients complaining of unilateral visual loss to rule out a chiasmal lesion.
Assessment of Traffic Policemen Exposure To Benzene by Using Trans, Trans-Muconic Acid Biomarker in Ahvaz City, Iran
Authors: Abdolkazem Neisi , Parviz Mahmoudi , Neda Kayedi , Hamid Behroozi
Published: June 2020

Benzene is known as an environmental and industrial pollutant. One way to check the amount of exposure to benzene is to measure its metabolites in the urine. Trans, Trans-Muconic Acid which is one of its metabolites is also as a biological indicator of exposure to benzene. In this study, the relationship between the amount of this biomarker and the environmental benzene concentration was investigated in two groups of policemen working outdoors in the traffic-congested areas and indoor in the same area.

The results showed that the highest amount of benzene was in Salman Farsi Station at 4.44 ppm. At the same time, the biomarker measured in the urine showed 127.20 μg / L, which was the highest amount. In addition, the amount of benzene in the outdoor was approximately 3 times more than indoor and the amount of biomarker measured in outdoor employees was two times more than indoors ones. In general, wherever there was more benzene, the biomarker would also show a higher amount.
Artificial Neural Network Model for Rainfall Data Analysis During 2004-2017 in Tamil Nadu, India – Prevailing Pattern Evaluation on Climate Change
Authors: Raj A. Stanley , Usha R. Josephine , Akshaya S. , Saranya K. , Shyamilee D.
Published: June 2020

This research paper focuses on rainfall variations in Tamil Nadu, India using Wavelet, Linear regression and Artificial Neural Networks model from 2004 to 2017. As the rainfall is the key factor in understanding climate change, the seasonal datasets from 2004-2017 of Tamil Nadu state has been taken for study. The salient feature of this study is the application of Neural Networks and wavelet analysis. It reveals that the rainfall variations are ambiguous that it does not maintain a constant pattern. Wavelet coefficients of multiresolution spectrogram reveals that the intensity of rainfall in each year. Linear regression model divulge the pattern of rainfall followed in every season and the results show that except winter season all other season suffers deficient rainfall. The deficiency of rainfall may be due to different parameters like ElNino or LaNina pattern or global warming. Results showed that all seasons except winter does not maintain consistency in the rainfall variability. Winter season provides the positive slope values of 4.7 and 0.6 for January and February respectively. Moreover Artificial Neural Networks training provides prominent results of Regression value 0.98 which is comparably high with other seasons taken for study.
The missed encounter of turupukllay: Marxism, indigenous communities and Andean culture in Yawar Fiesta
Authors: Arnall Gavin
Published: June 2020

This article takes as its point of departure a discussion of José María Arguedas’s engagement with Marxism, the ideas of José Carlos Mariátegui and the journal Amauta. It argues that Arguedas’s distance from official party politics should not be confused with an abandonment of politics as such. It also underscores Arguedas’s reflections on the relationship between lived experience, socialist theory and literary writing. This sets the stage for an exploration of a core problem in Arguedas’s oeuvre: the missed encounter between Marxist organisations and indigenous communities, which is to say, the failure to form an alliance between these groups based on mutual understanding and reciprocal enrichment. The article turns to Arguedas’s first major novel, Yawar Fiesta (1941), and traces its portrayal of such a missed encounter as it occurs around the celebration of turupukllay, an Andean translation of a Spanish bullfight that commemorates Peru’s independence from colonial rule. The wager of the article is that Yawar Fiesta’s capacity to illuminate key contributing factors of the missed encounter enables Arguedas to advance an immanent critique, a critique of a certain tendency of Marxism from within Marxism itself, and that, as a result, the novel supplements socialist theory by simultaneously exposing its limits and enhancing its claims.
Dynamic monitoring of HbA1c in Russian regions: data comparison of mobile medical center (Diamodul) and national diabetes register of Russian Federation
Authors: Vikulova Olga K. , Zheleznyakova Anna V. , Isakov Mikhail А. , Serkov Alexey A. , Shestakova Marina V. , Dedov Ivan I.
Published: June 2020

BACKGROUND: Glikogemoglobin (HbA1c) is a key clinical marker for evaluating the effectiveness of glucose-lowering therapy for patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) and the quality of diabetic care.
AIMS: to conduct dynamic monitoring of the quality of glycemic control in DM patients based on a comprehensive examination in mobile medical center (Diamodul) during repeated visits to the regions in 2019 compared with visits of Based Federal program Diabetes Mellitus (20052010) and data of the National diabetes register (NDR).
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The object of the study: patients with T1DM and T2DM examined in Diamodul in 2019 in Voronezh region (Vr), Krasnodar region (Kr) (n = 600), there were dynamic group of re-examined (Vr n = 224; Kr n = 113), random group of new patients (Vr n = 72; Kr n = 191); group of adult patients from NDR with indicated HbA1c in 2019 (n = 2410067).
RESULTS: According to Diamodul, the HbA1c levels are significantly worse than they were reported to NDR: the proportion of patients achieved HbA1c 7% for T1DM is 13.3% and 11.7%; T2DM 25.1% and 28.6%, in Kr and Vr, respectively; in NDR: T1DM 37.4%, T2DM 52.2%. The average HbA1c values in the Diamodul are higher than in NDR by 0.95% for T1DM, 1.41% for T2DM patients. The proportion of patients with HbA1c9% decrease in dynamic of examinations through years in T1: in Vr from 53.1% in 2005 and 55.8% in 2010 to 42.9% in 2019, in Kr from 53.2% in 2006 to 43.8% in 2019; also there were decreases in the average HbA1c values in Vr from 9.3% in 2005 and 9.4% in 2010 to 8.8% in 2019; in Kr from 9.1% in 2006 to 8.7% in 2019. In T2DM patients with the best parameters of DM control in a whole, the positive trends were less pronounced and are assessed as non-deterioration: the proportion of HbA1c9 % in Vr: 34.7%34.7%36.4%, in Kr 40.1%28.4%; average values of HbA1c: 8.2%8.4%8.5% and 8.6%8.4%, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS: The data of the research clearly indicates the need for 100% inclusion of HbA1c in the examination standards in all DM patients at the primary level at least 1 time per year, in order to monitor the real clinical situation, the effectiveness of glucose-lowering therapy and its timely intensification to prevent development of complications.
Course and treatment of diabetes mellitus in the context of COVID-19
Authors: Shestakova Marina V. , Mokrysheva Natalya G. , Dedov Ivan I.
Published: June 2020

In 2020, the world is facing a historically unparalleled public health challenge associated with the invasion of the new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). This is also a challenge for the healthcare systems worldwide. Patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) are most vulnerable to COVID-19 because of the peculiarities of their immune response to a virus attack and due to their high susceptibility to viral activity because of hyperglycemia and other comorbid conditions and obesity that often accompany DM. The severity of the COVID-19 disease requires a mandatory review of the usual anti-hyperglycemic therapy. Maintaining optimal glycemic control and preventing the development of ketoacidosis remain extremely important; therefore, insulin becomes the priority drug for glycemic control in most cases. The search for new drugs to fight against the coronavirus infection continues with new randomised clinical drug trials being launched. Innovative anti-diabetic agents are also being tested as candidates for potentially effective anti-coronavirus agents.
Program Pembelajaran Individual: Meningkatkan Keterampilan Mengancingkan Baju pada Anak Disabilitas Intelektual Sedang
Authors: Lestari Dita , Andayani Budi
Published: June 2020

This study aims to observe the effectiveness of Individual Learning Program on improving shirt-buttoning skills among children with moderate intellectual disabilities. This study hypothesizes that the students' ability to button their shirts improved after applying the Individual Learning Program approach to the chaining learning method. The participants of this study were four students with moderate intellectual disabilities ranging in age from 10-12 years. The four participants were selected based on interviews with the homeroom teacher and parents as well as observations that showed that participants had low skills in buttoning up their clothes. This research is a quasi-experimental study with a single subject research design in which data analysis uses descriptive statistical analysis consisting of two steps: (1) analysis in two conditions and (2) analysis between conditions. This study's data were analyzed using visual image data analysis techniques. The results showed that the Individual Learning Program with chaining learning strategies, both backward and forward, and the total task presentation could effectively improve buttoning skills in children with intellectual disabilities.