bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Integrated fire severity–land cover mapping using very-high-spatial-resolution aerial imagery and point clouds
Authors: Arkin Jeremy , Coops Nicholas C. , Hermosilla Txomin , Daniels Lori D. , Plowright Andrew
Published: August 2019

Fire severity mapping is conventionally accomplished through the interpretation of aerial photography or the analysis of moderate- to coarse-spatial-resolution pre- and post-fire satellite imagery. Although these methods are well established, there is a demand from both forest managers and fire scientists for higher-spatial-resolution fire severity maps. This study examines the utility of high-spatial-resolution post-fire imagery and digital aerial photogrammetric point clouds acquired from an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) to produce integrated fire severity–land cover maps. To accomplish this, a suite of spectral, structural and textural variables was extracted from the UAV-acquired data. Correlation-based feature selection was used to select subsets of variables to be included in random forest classifiers. These classifiers were then used to produce disturbance-based land cover maps at 5- and 1-m spatial resolutions. By analysing maps produced using different variables, the highest-performing spectral, structural and textural variables were identified. The maps were produced with high overall accuracies (5m, 89.5±1.4%; 1m, 85.4±1.5%), with the 1-m classification produced at slightly lower accuracies. This reduction was attributed to the inclusion of four additional classes, which increased the thematic detail enough to outweigh the differences in accuracy.
On the Road: The Life and Verse of Mir Zeyn
al-Din ʿEshq, a Forgotten Eighteenth-Century
Poet
Authors: White James
Published: August 2019

Using newly discovered materials, this
article introduces readers to the career and
poetry of Mir Zeyn al-Din ʿEshq, a now forgotten
poet who was connected to many prominent political
and literary figures in India during the
eighteenth century. The primary source for the
research is John Rylands Library, Persian MS. 219,
a holograph copy of the poet’s divān, which he
presented to John Macpherson, acting
Governor-General of the Presidency of Fort
William, in May 1785. The divān contains a
considerable amount of contextual commentary which
allows us to reconstruct Mir Zeyn al-Din’s
biography and working practices, casting light on
how his verse was produced and consumed. An
Iranian émigré, he circulated throughout the
Punjab, North India and Bengal, accompanying the
Afghan ruler Ahmad Shāh Dorrāni on his Indian
campaigns, participating in professional symposia
with some of the leading literary personages of
Delhi, Lucknow and Patna, and entering the ambit
of colonialist British patrons in
Kolkata.
Host conditioning with IL-1β improves the antitumor function of adoptively transferred T cells
Authors: Lee Ping-Hsien , Yamamoto Tori N. , Gurusamy Devikala , Sukumar Madhusudhanan , Yu Zhiya , Hu-Li Jane , Kawabe Takeshi , Gangaplara Arunakumar , Kishton Rigel J. , Henning Amanda N. , Vodnala Suman K. , Germain Ronald N. , Paul William E. , Restifo Nicholas P.
Published: August 2019

Host conditioning has emerged as an important component of effective adoptive cell transfer–based immunotherapy for cancer. High levels of IL-1β are induced by host conditioning, but its impact on the antitumor function of T cells remains unclear. We found that the administration of IL-1β increased the population size and functionality of adoptively transferred T cells within the tumor. Most importantly, IL-1β enhanced the ability of tumor-specific T cells to trigger the regression of large, established B16 melanoma tumors in mice. Mechanistically, we showed that the increase in T cell numbers was associated with superior tissue homing and survival abilities and was largely mediated by IL-1β–stimulated host cells. In addition, IL-1β enhanced T cell functionality indirectly via its actions on radio-resistant host cells in an IL-2– and IL-15–dependent manner. Our findings not only underscore the potential of provoking inflammation to enhance antitumor immunity but also uncover novel host regulations of T cell responses.
Behavior of B4C coating on tungsten under exposition on T-10 tokamak plasma
Authors: Begrambekov L B , Grunin A V , Sadovskiy Ya A
Published: August 2019

It was shown (Buzhinsky, 2003) that in situ renewable coating of boron carbide can protect the tiles of the divertors of thermonuclear facilities from destruction and also to prevent accumulation of remarkable amounts of tritium in the plasma facing materials. In the paper presented a plasma method for deposition of boron carbide coating with a high adhesion to tungsten was developed. In the laboratory installation boron carbide coating on tungsten was subjected to cycling irradiation by the deuterium ion flux with power density up to 5.0 MW/m2 in the temperature range up to 1500 K. The results of the tests showed that the composition, integrity and adhesion of the coating were not violated in the laboratory tests. In the T-10 tokamak the behavior of the coating was investigated in the temperature range up to 3600 K when irradiated with plasma power in the range of 20–100 MW/m2 during plasma disruption. Being irradiated in T-10 tokamak, the coating retained its continuity, adhesion and protected tungsten from the effect of the even at temperatures of 2500–3600 K, when the coating melted under irradiation and its composition changed to B:C ≈ 1:1.
Spectrophotometric investigation of MoS2 ultrathin films
Authors: Belikov A I , Phyo Kyaw Zin , Syomochkin A I
Published: August 2019

The results of spectrophotometric and AFM researches of molybdenum disulfide ultrathin films, obtained on silicon substrates by magnetron deposition at various technological conditions are presented.
Investigation into the buffer-layer effect on the phase formation in Au80Sn20 thin film solder obtained by electron-beam deposition technique
Authors: Filonenko E M , Fomin A V , Titova O V , Chemagina I V
Published: August 2019

In this work, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray microanalysis are used to investigate Ti and Ti/Pt buffer-layer effect on the eutectic formation in 1μm Au80Sn20 thin film solder obtained by electron-beam deposition of gold tin alternating layers.
Effect of oxygen flow rate on the deposition rate of α-Al2O3 coatings by anodic evaporation of Al in an arc discharge
Authors: Gavrilov N V , Kamenetskikh A S , Tretnikov P V , Chukin A V , Men’shakov A I
Published: August 2019

Effect of O2 flow rate on the kinetics of growth and properties of α-Al2O3 coatings deposited by reactive anodic Al evaporation at 640 °C has been studied. It has been shown that the growth rate of coatings changes non-monotonously with O2 flow, rise of the growth rate is due to the increase in the concentration of atomic oxygen in plasma, and the decrease at large O2 flows is associated with transition from the mode of free transit of Al atoms to the diffusion mode.
Influence of pulse electrolysis modes on structure and properties of coatings based on Co-Mo alloy obtained from citrate pyrophosphate electrolyte
Authors: Gololobov G P , Suvorov D V , Tarabrin D Yu , Slivkin E V , Serpova M A , Avramenko S A , Arefyev A S
Published: August 2019

The present paper has represented the results of the research of electrochemical deposition of coatings based on Co-Mo alloy obtained from the citrate pyrophosphate electrolyte. Influence of pulse electrolysis modes, in particular relative pulse duration, on current efficiency and elemental composition has been determined. Research of the obtained coating microreliefs has been performed.
The effect of ion irradiation (Ar+, E = 10 keV) on the nanocrystalline structure and the aging of the Al-Li-Cu-Zn-Mg-Zr-Sc alloy after megaplastic deformation
Authors: Gushchina N V , Ovchinnikov V V , Makhin’ko F F , Kaigorodova L I , Rasposienko D Yu
Published: August 2019

The effect of Ar+ ion irradiation on structural and phase transformations in a 1461 alloy (Al–Li–Cu–Mg) subjected to megaplastic deformationhas has been studied by transmission electron microscopy. Short-term irradiation (E = 10 keV, F = 2 × 1016 cm−2) has been established to form a low-energy recrystallized submicrocrystalline structure at a depth (∼200 μm), significantly exceeding the projective ion ranges (∼10 nm). The study confirms the important role of the radiation-dynamic effect during the ion irradiation of metastable media. The structural and phase transformations take place in the alloy at a depth of much higher than the projective ion ranges and at a higher rate compared with traditional thermal annealing.
Tribological properties of TiN-Pb system solid lubricant coatings with various morphologies
Authors: Lesnevskiy L N , Lyakhovetskiy M A , Lozovan A A , Nikolaev I A
Published: August 2019

The paper presents the results of the investigation of the solid lubricant coatings (SLC) tribological properties of several designs based on a TiN matrix with the addition of Pb (∼6% atomic). A comparison of the tribological properties is made between the TiN coating without the addition of a solid lubricant component, a monolayer coating of TiPbN with a TiPb adhesive layer and a multilayer coating with alternating TiPb / TiPbN layers. It is shown that the monolayer coating has the smallest friction coefficient (∼0.2), while the friction coefficient of a multilayer coating is ∼0.75, which coincides with the friction coefficient for the TiN coating. Despite the friction coefficient high level of the multilayer coating, its resistance to wear is at the level of the monolayer coating.
Modification of the electrode surface in glow discharge plasma with a hollow cathode
Authors: Marakhtanov M K , Riazanov V A , Alekseev D K
Published: August 2019

The electric discharge with a hollow cathode has long attracted the attention of researchers, both by its physical properties and technological application. The paper considers the influence of the shape of the treatment surface, which takes the geometry of a hollow cathode, on the parameters of a glow discharge.
Hydrophilic properties of surface of nanostructured tantalum films and its oxynitride compounds
Authors: Petrovskaya A S , Lapitskaya V A , Melnikova G B , Kuznetsova T A , Chizhik S A , Zykova A V , Safonov V I
Published: August 2019

The structure and hydrophilic properties of tantalum coatings on stainless steel and glass slide were investigated using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and sessile drop method. Coatings are characterized by a cellular structure. As a result of the modification, the hydrophobicity of the sample surfaces is increased.
Acoustoelectric method for determining dielectric characteristics the liquid in the boundary layer
Authors: Simakov I G , Gulgenov Ch Zh , Bazarova S B
Published: August 2019

The possibility of using surface acoustic waves has been demonstrated to determine the dielectric characteristics of a liquid in a layer adjacent to the surface of a piezocrystal. The developed acoustoelectric method allows to investigate the electrophysical properties of nanoscale coatings and films.
Physical properties of calcium fluoride nanopowder produced by the method of evaporation by pulsed electron beam in a low-pressure gas
Authors: Sokovnin S Yu , Il’ves V G , Uimin M A
Published: August 2019

Mesoporous CaF2 nanopowders with the specific surface area up to 88.7 m2/g have been produced by the evaporation by a pulsed electron beam in vacuum. The influence of thermal annealing in air on the size and morphology of CaF2 nanoparticles and their magnetic, luminescence, and texture characteristics has been studied. Ferromagnetism of CaF2 nanopowders was discovered for the first time. The influence of radiation defects (CaF2 dye centers) on magnetic properties of CaF2 nanoparticles has been examined.
Tribological behavior of magnetron sputtered nanocomposite coatings on base of Cu-Mo-S
Authors: Zharkov S Yu , Sergeev V P , Kalashnikov M P , Sergeev O V , Sungatulin A R
Published: August 2019

Tribological properties of solid lubricant electrical conductive magnetron coatings based on the Cu-Mo-S system were studied. Wear resistance increasing and lubricating mechanisms of the coating during adhesive wear tests in inert atmosphere has been demonstrating.
Modelling of phase composition of Sn-Fe layered system obtained by ion-plasma sputtering
Authors: Zhubaev A K , Mukhanbetzhan T S , Yerezhepova S K
Published: August 2019

The Mössbauer spectra on Iron and Tin nuclei in different states in the phases of the binary system Fe-Sn are modeled. Reference spectra of intermetallic compounds and α-Fe (Sn) solid solution were obtained. The spectra of Iron and Tin alloys of various concentrations were calculated. A comparison with the experimental spectrum of the layered Sn(4 μm)-Fe(10 μm) system obtained by ion-plasma deposition of Tin on an armco iron substrate and subjected to thermal annealing at 700°C showed a good correlation.
Drounght Analysis By Using Standarized Precipitation Index (SPI) and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) at Bekasi Regency in 2018
Authors: Rokhmatullah  , Hernina R , Yandi S
Published: August 2019

Drought problem is a routine problem occurring in several regions in Indonesia. Bekasi Regency is one of the regions impacted by drought every year. Such threat of drought occuring due to influence of climate is unavoidable. Nevertheless its impact can be minimized if we know the drought pattern of such a region. Meteorologically, drought monitoring can be conducted with various methods. One of the methods used is by knowing the SPI (Standardized Precipitation Index). SPI method is the rainfall unit occurring under normal condition in such a time scale. Beside meteorologically monitoring, it can also be monitored based on the spread of vegetation influencing the availability of water supply which can be seen from the NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) value. The purpose of this research is to find the relation between the SPI (Standardized Precipitation Index) value and the NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) value. The result of this research shows that there is a close relation between a region having such a high SPI value and NDVI value. But in a region having a low NDVI value, several regions have high SPI values.
Land degradation index of tropical forest landscape in Batang Toru watershed using spatial analysis
Authors: Samsuri  , Jaya I N S , Kusmana C , Murtilaksano K
Published: August 2019

Forest degradation and deforestation have reduced the functions of forest ecosystem in Batang Toru watershed landscape. The degree of land degradation rate can be minimized by restoring the functions of forest ecosystem. Data concerning the degree of land degradation is needed to restore the functions of forest ecosystem. This research aims to obtain spatial distribution characteristics of land as well as land degradation index in Batang Toru watershed landscape. Land degradation was determined by using 3 variables, namely soil chemical and physical properties, as well as erosion type which occur in the site. Each variable was ranked through Likert scale. The total score of all land degradation indicators was converted into land degradation index. The study found that land degradation index in Batang Toru watershed landscape consist of very low (0,00-0,2), low (0.21-0,4), moderate (0.41-0,60 ), high (0.61-0.80) and very high (0.81-1.00). Most of Batang Toru watershed areas fall into moderate land degradation category.
Land Suitability for Cocoa Development in South Sulawesi: An Analysis using GIS and Parametric Approach
Authors: Neswati R , Asrul L , Molla A , Widiayani N , Nurqadri S
Published: August 2019

In South Sulawesi, the regional program for prime commodity development has been implemented by the provincial government, as part of promoting regional spatial planning program. In some parts of the region, cultivation of cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) as prime commodity has long been practiced in different soil environment. Therefore, there is a need for information that will allow land managers to identify both the inherent land suitability, and the spatial distribution of land areas where possible development can be implemented taking into account present land use types. This paper describes a spatial based quantitative suitability evaluation of land for cocoa production. This research was carried out in the one of the cocoa-producing districts in South Sulawesi, District of Luwu Timur. The research project implements land suitability evaluation method based on the spatial-quantitative approaches in Geographical Information Systems (GIS). The main sources of data bases used include digital topographic map, land use map, soil map and soil characteristics derived from available data at reconnaissance level and semi detailed survey, climate data, and satellite imagery. The results of analysis of potential development area for cocoa cultivation show that more than 90 percent of study region are suitable (at S2 and S3 classes) for cocoa cultivation. This study reveals that there are some limiting factors in term of chemical and physical soil characteristics that can still be improved, but there will be almost no limitation in terms of land cover type for cocoa development.
Comparison of Optic Landsat-8 and SAR Sentinel-1 in Oil Palm Monitoring, Case Study : Asahan, North Sumatera, Indonesia
Authors: Carolita I , Darmawan S , Permana R , Dirgahayu D , Wiratmoko D , Kartika T , Arifin S
Published: August 2019

World production of palm oil increased spectacularly in the last 20 years, especially in Indonesia and Malaysia. As the largest producer, good management in oil palm plantation is very important, the expansion of plantation also must be well planned, because its existence must not affect the surrounding environment. Therefore the information of oil palm age or condition of their growth is needed. Remote sensing has significant potential to aid oil palm monitoring and detection effort. It also provides a cost-effective method to these purpose and at same time provides side specific assessments of management areas, Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) is crucial for this task. The SAR is an active sensor that operates in all weather condition and daylight independent delivering information all year around at the time that is needed. SAR is sensitive to texture, size and orientation of structural objects, moisture content and ground conditions. This study has objectives to compare the methods that have been developed to monitor oil palm by using optic data and SAR data. The data that used are Landsat 8 and Sentinel-1.The study area is Asahan district North Sumatera. The regression analysis by using regression method indicates that oil palm age can be monitored by using NDVI or backscatter of SAR values with growth model. The R2 of model for Landsat 8 is 0.85 and 0.77 for Sentinel 1. Both models can be used for monitoring the condition and age of oil palm.
Detection Paddy Field using dual Polarization SAR Sentinel-1 Data
Authors: Dirgahayu D , Parsa I M , Harini S
Published: August 2019

Paddy field conversion monitoring is necessary conducted to ensure successful the harvest of rice. The monitoring can be done by using satellite data, both optical and radar data, which can cover a large area. In tropical area, cloudy day usually occurred, so that problems can’t be handle with optical data. Utilization of radar data that can penetrate the cloud condition can solve the problem, either as a complement of optical data or used alone to monitor the paddy field conversion. The research was conducted to investigate the capability of Sentinel 1 SAR multi temporal data to detect paddy field based on growth phenology of rice crop. This research explores SAR Sentinel-1A data (C-band, VV and VH polarization) for several growing seasons in 2017 (January-December) to detect paddy fields in Subang Regency, West Java. Stacking layer is carried out prior to classification, time series image and polarization composite image (VH/VV), stacking maximum, minimum, mean and range values, standard deviation and taking sample training and statistical analysis. Taking sample training takes into account the phenology of rice plants (phases of paddy crop) using references to appropriate Landsat imagery. Classification is done by the time series algorithm, while the accuracy is calculated with Kappa coefficients from the 1: 5000 paddy field map reference. The results found that SAR data in dual polarization (HV, VV), and Polarization Index (PI = 1-NDPI) can be used to detect paddy field. The best overall accuracy was obtained from the Min, Max, and Mean of PI 87%, Mean VH polarization 78%, Standard Deviation VH polarization 76%, and Range polarization VH 74%.
Spatial dynamic prediction of landuse / landcover change (case study: tamalanrea sub-district, makassar city)
Authors: Hakim A M Y , Baja S , Rampisela D A , Arif S
Published: August 2019

The phenomenon of landuse change from an undeveloped area into a built-up area is often the case, especially in big cities. Population growth, both in birth and migration rates, is one of the factors that causes the need for land for various human activities. Tendency for landuse change is expected to continue in the following years along with a region development. The city of Makassar has a tendency for landuse change. This is due to the position of Makassar as the capital of the South Sulawesi province which has A-level public service and it has become a separate magnet for people from outside the city to conduct activities and live in the city. The purpose of this research is to predict landuse/landcover (LULC) change until 2033 by classifying using Landsat satellite imagery include 2008, 2013, and 2018 into 5 landuse/landcover classes in Tamalanrea Sub-District with the Modules for Land Use Change Simulations (MOLUSCE): Multi-Layer Perceptron Neural Network and Geographic Information System method. This research shows the percentage of changes in 5 classes of landuse from 2018 to 2033, are: agriculture area with -0,30%; built-up area with 3.15%; barren area with -5.11%; vegetation with 0.98%; and water body with 1.27%.
Spatial Patterns Analysis of Deforestation in Palopo Municipality and East Luwu Regency
Authors: Rijal S , Vicayana D P , Barkey R A , Alimuddin I , Mukhlisa A N
Published: August 2019

Deforestation is an activity or process that converts forest cover into non-forest land cover with a certain pattern. Palopo and East Luwu are two districts in South Sulawesi deforested due to the demand of the human need to convert the land into settlements, infrastructure and timber harvesting. This research was conducted to find out the temporal spatial pattern in dealing with deforestation. Analysis of spatial patterns using fragstat software with input data i.e. land cover shapefile data in 1990, 2000, 2010, and 2016 that produced contour in metrics, and its subdivision in metrics. Temporal spatial patterns of deforestation are built by combining three spatial metric values. Based on the description of deforestation analysis in Palopo Municipality covering 852,96 ha and East Luwu with 86,963,46 ha, Palopo Municipality experienced the highest deforestation from 1990 to 2000 amounted to 451.69 ha and continued to decline in the period of 2000-2010 and 2010-2016. Deforestation in East Luwu Regency is the highest in the 1990-2000 period which is 38.655,05 ha. Deforestation in East Luwu Regency has higher contiguity than deforestation occurring in Palopo Municipality indicating that the occurrence of deforestation occurring in East Luwu Regency occurred directly from previously degraded areas to adjacent forest areas. Palopo and East Luwu Regency show fragmentation rates that tend to decrease due to the decreasing number of fillings that are formed the largest combination of spatial patterns occurring during the observation period was the spatial pattern of deforestation grouped, with high density (not fragmented) in 50 villages (61.72%).
A comparison of Satellite Image Compression methods in the Wavelet Domain
Authors: Indradjad A , Nasution A S , Gunawan H , Widipaminto A
Published: August 2019

Better resolution of remotely sensed satellite images will make images clearer and interpretation easier but will increase the total volume of data that has to be managed. In order to reduce data volume for easier satellite communication transmission and reduce the total volume of data needed to be stores, the images should be compressed. Image compression in wavelet domain can be used for both lossy or lossless compression. Four major compression methods are available using the wavelet domain, i.e. CCSDS, Wavelet, Bandelet, and JPEG 2000. Some optical satellite images, were used as input data in simulation software which analyzed and compared the four compression methods in the wavelet domain. The result showed that the CCSDS method yielded the fastest compression and decompression time, but the Bandelet method retained better image quality when reconstructing original images or approximations of them compared to CCSDS. The JPEG 2000 method delivered better quality images than CCSDS for low bit rate. In summary at a rate of 0.25 bpp, CCSDS is 15 times faster than Bandelet and 3 times faster than JPEG2000. However, CCSDS quality is lower by up to 8.77% compared with Bandelet and up to 13.64% compared with JPEG2000.
The application of Sentinel 2B satellite imagery using Supervised Image Classification of Maximum Likelihood Algorithm in Landcover Updating of The Mamminasata Metropolitan Area, South Sulawesi
Authors: Alimuddin I , Irwan
Published: August 2019

Mamminasata Metropolitan Area includes the City of Makassar, some sub-Districts of Maros, Gowa and Takalar Regencies. This metropolitan area were formed based on the Governor of South Sulawesi Province Decree in 2003 with a total area of 246,230 ha. Sentinel-2B is a European optical imaging satellite that was launched on 7 March 2017. It is the second Sentinel-2 satellite launched as part of the European Space Agency’s Copernicus Programme, and its orbit phases 180° degrees against Sentinel-2A. The satellite carries a wide swath high-resolution multispectral imager with 13 spectral bands. It provides information for agriculture and forestry, among others allowing for prediction of crop yields. Multispectral classification process can be divided into two types namely supervised and unsupervised classification. In this research, supervised classification was applied which includes a set of algorithms that are based on the entry of sample objects and geographic location. Maximum likelihood algorithm is the statistically most established algorithm. Other algorithm is based on the measurement of the distance between the coordinates of the sample group and the pixel coordinates candidate while the maximum likelihood algorithm using probability calculation. In this algorithm, pixels were classified as specific objects not because of their Euclidean distance, but by the shape, size and orientation of the sample on the feature space. Maximum likelihood algorithm works the following way, program briefly marks each pixel which has a measurement of the pattern or appearance of X into class i whose unit is most likely to be grouped as a vector X. Foundation of the maximum likelihood algorithm uses a probability value of a pixel X to be a member of a particular class or a particular label.
Remote Sensing for Disaster Projection Model
Authors: Sutrisno D , Iksal M , Suwarno Y , Setiawan I , Yusmur A
Published: August 2019

Natural disasters are natural phenomena that cannot be avoided by humans, but human beings are able to mitigate its impact for the humanitarian aspects. Therefore monitoring, predicting and managing natural phenomenon in the earth is one of the methods to mitigate disaster - one of them by using remote sensing technology. Integrated of imageries from near real-time remote sensing satellite system to the higher resolution with the support of the ancillary data may develop spatial information for any mitigation purposes. Therefore, the aim of the study is to assess rapid information of the prone area and the possibility of developing a projection model with the remote sensing approach. The steps included the assessment of prone area by implemented the integrated method of NDVI, fussy and high pass and the overview of the projection model using remote sensing approach. The disasters associated with landslides may be used for example, because this disaster often struck the Asian region. The result of the assessment indicated the integration of NDVI, fussy and high pass method can give faster information of the landslides hazards that is needed for disaster and humanitarian institutions. Meanwhile, to develop a projection model for the hazards cannot be developed only on remote sensing technique, but better support by GIS technique and other in situ ancillary information.
Design and Development of Settlement Spatial Dynamics Model Using Dynamic and Neural Network Systems
Authors: Arif S , Harimei B , Alimuddin I , Paharuddin  , Sakka
Published: August 2019

The general objective of this study is to project the distribution of settlement land through the development and application of spatial dynamics models using dynamic system methods and neural networks, while the specific objectives are: 1) Compiling spatial data on land characteristics and evaluating settlement land in Maros Regency; 2) Multitemporal mapping of settlement and non-residential land in 2010, 2016 and 2017; 3) Compile Causal loop diagrams and model simulations to determine the dynamics of population projections and the size of residential land needs until 2038; 4) Synchronizing land requirements with the allocation of space utilization in Maros Regency Spatial Planning. 5) Design and build a spatial model to predict the development and direction of settlement land using change prediction of Artificial Neural Network (ANN); and map the projected spatial distribution model of residential land every 5 (five) years. This research conducted a recent approach to multi-temporal observation and spatial optimization studies by integrating dynamic systems with neural network methods in solving settlement land management problems. The approach with the population growth projection model relates to the spatial dynamics of residential land use using the neural network to facilitate policy makers in decision making for settlement land management. The method used consists of 5 stages: stage I. analysis of land characteristics and land use of multi-temporal settlements, through land surveys, laboratory analysis, and spatial characteristics of land; then the land suitability analysis uses matching method; Phase II: mapping multi-temporal land use in 2010, 2016 and 2017 using analysis and extraction of satellite image information. The image used is Landsat medium resolution satellite imagery; stage III: arranging units and interactions and behaviour between units in a system of population growth dynamics, then making causal loop diagrams and then implementing dynamic software systems to simulate population growth used and residential land needs every five years; stage IV: testing the synchronization of the allocation of space utilization in the Spatial Palnning document of the District with the settlement land resulting from the projection; stage V: build a residential land use projection model which begins with change analysis, transition potential, and change prediction with the neural network method; then the projection result of settlement land needs is mapped every five years interval from 2018 - 2038 based on the results of the analysis. The implication of the results of the study will provide an overview of the harmony between the pattern of space and the trend of the development direction of the settlement, so that the resulting method can be used as a basis for revising the Spatial Planning in the future.
Aqua MODIS and altimetry satellite data utilization for determining the effective time and area of fishing in South Sulawesi
Authors: Islami M F , Rejeki H A , Fadlan A
Published: August 2019

South Sulawesi is one of the provinces in Indonesia which geographically is a marine-based area with huge potential of marine resources. In sea resources exploration activities are often found obstacles caused by the variability of weather and climate that affect the condition of South Sulawesi waters. Limited availability of weather data in the waters of South Sulawesi Province has caused difficulties in analyzing and identifying conditions in these waters. The use of the MODIS Aqua satellite and Altimetry can be used as a solution in the analysis and identification of water conditions. Aqua MODIS satellite data used in this study is the sea surface temperature (SST) and chlorophyll-a data while the Altimetry satellite data used is significant wave height data. In addition, Niño 3.4 Index are used as supporting data to identify the weather and climate phenomena that occur in the waters of South Sulawesi in this case are El Niño and the Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomena. SST and chlorophyll-a data are used as indicators in determining fish catch potential and significant wave height data are used to determine the effective time in fishing activities in the waters of South Sulawesi Province. The results showed that a significant wave peak height in the waters of South Sulawesi occurred in July. The highest chlorophyll-a average occurred in August when the average SST showed the lowest value or when the El Niño event occurred.
All swamping, no problem
Authors: Bjelde Joseph
Published: August 2019

The swamping problem is to explain why knowledge is epistemically better than true belief despite being no more true, if truth is the sole fundamental epistemic value. But Carter and Jarvis (2012) argue that the swamping thesis at the heart of the problem ‘is problematic whether or not one thinks that truth is the sole epistemic good’. I offer a counterexample to this claim, in the form of a theory of epistemic value for which the swamping thesis is not problematic: evidence monism. Then I argue that another kind of response to the swamping problem given by Sylvan 2018 does not escape the problem unscathed, because it is not only instrumentalism that gives rise to the swamping problem. The upshot is that, given a standard account of fundamental value, the swamping problem favours evidence monism over truth monism.
Maternal inflammation leads to different mTORC1 activity varied by anatomic locations in mouse placenta†
Authors: Dong Jie , Shin Na , Lee Ji Yeon , Jia Bei , Chudnovets Anna , McLane Michael W , Li Su , Na Quan , Lei Jun , Burd Irina
Published: August 2019

Maternal inflammation (MI) is associated with many adverse perinatal outcomes. The placenta plays a vital role in mediating maternal-fetal resource allocation. Studies have shown that MI contributes to placental dysfunction, which then leads to adverse birth outcomes and high health risks throughout childhood. Placental mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling pathway links maternal nutrient availability to fetal growth; however, the impact of MI on mTORC1 signaling in the placenta remains unclear. In this study, we sought to explore the changes of mTORC1 signaling in the mouse placenta at late gestation by using two models of MI employing lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) to mimic acute (aMI) and sub-chronic (cMI) inflammatory states, respectively. We determined placental mTORC1 activity by measuring the activity of mTORC1 downstream molecules, including S6k, 4Ebp1, and rpS6. In the aMI model, we found that mTORC1 activity was significantly decreased in the placental decidual and junctional zone at 2 and 6 h after LPS surgery, respectively; however, mTORC1 activity was significantly increased in the placental labyrinth zone at 2, 6, and 24 h after LPS treatment, respectively. In the cMI model, we observed that mTORC1 activity was increased only in the placental labyrinth zone after consecutive IL-1β exposure. Our study reveals that different parts of the mouse placenta react differently to MI, leading to variable mTORC1 activity throughout the placenta. This suggests that different downstream molecules of mTORC1 from different parts of the mouse placenta may be used in clinical research to monitor the fetal well-being during MI.
Focused Representation of Successive Task Episodes in Frontal and Parietal Cortex
Authors: Kadohisa Mikiko , Watanabe Kei , Kusunoki Makoto , Buckley Mark J , Duncan John
Published: August 2019

Complex cognition is dynamic, with each stage of a task requiring new cognitive processes appropriately linked to stimulus or other content. To investigate control over successive task stages, we recorded neural activity in lateral frontal and parietal cortex as monkeys carried out a complex object selection task, with each trial separated into phases of visual selection and learning from feedback. To study capacity limitation, complexity was manipulated by varying the number of object targets to be learned in each problem. Different task phases were associated with quasi-independent patterns of activity and information coding, with no suggestion of sustained activity linked to a current target. Object and location coding were largely parallel in frontal and inferior parietal cortex, though frontal cortex showed somewhat stronger object representation at feedback, and more sustained location coding at choice. At both feedback and choice, coding precision diminished as task complexity increased, matching a decline in performance. We suggest that, across successive task steps, there is radical but capacity-limited reorganization of frontoparietal activity, selecting different cognitive operations linked to their current targets.
Quantity and Quality of Antibodies After Acellular Versus Whole-cell Pertussis Vaccines in Infants Born to Mothers Who Received Tetanus, Diphtheria, and Acellular Pertussis Vaccine During Pregnancy: A Randomized Trial
Authors: Wanlapakorn Nasamon , Maertens Kirsten , Vongpunsawad Sompong , Puenpa Jiratchaya , Tran Thao Mai Phuong , Hens Niel , Van Damme Pierre , Thiriard Anaïs , Raze Dominique , Locht Camille , Poovorawan Yong , Leuridan Elke
Published: August 2019

Background

The blunting effect of pertussis immunization during pregnancy on infant antibody responses induced by whole-cell pertussis (wP) vaccination is not well-defined.

Methods

This randomized controlled trial (NCT02408926) followed term infants born to mothers vaccinated with tetanus, diphtheria, and acellular pertussis (Tdap) vaccine during pregnancy in Thailand. Infants received either acellular pertussis (aP)- or wP-containing vaccine at 2, 4, 6, and 18 months of age. A comparison group comprised wP-vaccinated children born to mothers not vaccinated during pregnancy. Antibodies against pertussis toxin (PT), filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA), and pertactin (PRN) were evaluated using commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Functionality of antibodies against Bordetella pertussis was measured using Bordetella pertussis growth inhibition assay.

Results

After maternal Tdap vaccination, 158 infants vaccinated with aP-containing vaccines possessed higher antibody levels (P < .001) against all tested B. pertussis antigens postpriming compared to 157 infants receiving wP-containing vaccines. At 1 month postbooster, only anti-FHA and anti-PRN antibodies were still significantly higher (P < .001) in the aP group. Significantly higher anti-PT and anti-FHA (P < .001), but not anti-PRN immunoglobulin G, were observed among 69 wP-vaccinated infants born to control mothers compared with wP-vaccinated infants of Tdap-vaccinated mothers after primary and booster vaccination. The antibody functionality was higher in all wP-vaccinated infants at all times.

Conclusions

Maternal Tdap vaccination inhibited more pertussis-specific responses in wP-vaccinated infants compared to aP-vaccinated infants, and the control group of unvaccinated women had highest PT-specific responses, persisting until after the booster dose. Antibody functionality was better in the wP groups.

Clinical Trials Registration

NCT02408926.

Infant whole-cell pertussis (wP) vaccine responses are blunted after maternal Tdap vaccination. Pertussis antibody titers are higher in acellular pertussis (aP)– than wP-vaccinated infants of immunized mothers, yet quality of antibodies, measured as serum-mediated bacterial growth inhibition, is better after wP than aP vaccination.
miR-19a-3p containing exosomes improve function of ischaemic myocardium upon shock wave therapy
Authors: Gollmann-Tepeköylü Can , Pölzl Leo , Graber Michael , Hirsch Jakob , Nägele Felix , Lobenwein Daniela , Hess Michael W , Blumer Michael J , Kirchmair Elke , Zipperle Johannes , Hromada Carina , Mühleder Severin , Hackl Hubert , Hermann Martin , Al Khamisi Hemse , Förster Martin , Lichtenauer Michael , Mittermayr Rainer , Paulus Patrick , Fritsch Helga , Bonaros Nikolaos , Kirchmair Rudolf , Sluijter Joost P G , Davidson Sean , Grimm Michael , Holfeld Johannes
Published: August 2019

Aims

As many current approaches for heart regeneration exert unfavourable side effects, the induction of endogenous repair mechanisms in ischaemic heart disease is of particular interest. Recently, exosomes carrying angiogenic miRNAs have been described to improve heart function. However, it remains challenging to stimulate specific release of reparative exosomes in ischaemic myocardium. In the present study, we sought to test the hypothesis that the physical stimulus of shock wave therapy (SWT) causes the release of exosomes. We aimed to substantiate the pro-angiogenic impact of the released factors, to identify the nature of their cargo, and to test their efficacy in vivo supporting regeneration and recovery after myocardial ischaemia.

Methods and results

Mechanical stimulation of ischaemic muscle via SWT caused extracellular vesicle (EV) release from endothelial cells both in vitro and in vivo. Characterization of EVs via electron microscopy, nanoparticle tracking analysis and flow cytometry revealed specific exosome morphology and size with the presence of exosome markers CD9, CD81, and CD63. Exosomes exhibited angiogenic properties activating protein kinase b (Akt) and extracellular-signal regulated kinase (ERK) resulting in enhanced endothelial tube formation and proliferation. A miRNA array and transcriptome analysis via next-generation sequencing were performed to specify exosome content. miR-19a-3p was identified as responsible cargo, antimir-19a-3p antagonized angiogenic exosome effects. Exosomes and target miRNA were injected intramyocardially in mice after left anterior descending artery ligation. Exosomes resulted in improved vascularization, decreased myocardial fibrosis, and increased left ventricular ejection fraction as shown by transthoracic echocardiography.

Conclusion

The mechanical stimulus of SWT causes release of angiogenic exosomes. miR-19a-3p is the vesicular cargo responsible for the observed effects. Released exosomes induce angiogenesis, decrease myocardial fibrosis, and improve left ventricular function after myocardial ischaemia. Exosome release via SWT could develop an innovative approach for the regeneration of ischaemic myocardium.
Relationship between hypoglycaemia, cardiovascular outcomes, and empagliflozin treatment in the EMPA-REG OUTCOME® trial
Authors: Fitchett David , Inzucchi Silvio E , Wanner Christoph , Mattheus Michaela , George Jyothis T , Vedin Ola , Zinman Bernard , Johansen Odd Erik
Published: August 2019

Aims

Hypoglycaemia, in patients with Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular (CV) events. In EMPA-REG OUTCOME, the sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitor empagliflozin reduced the risk of CV death by 38% and heart failure hospitalization (HHF) by 35%, while decreasing glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) without increasing hypoglycaemia. We investigated CV outcomes in patients with hypoglycaemia during the trial and the impact of hypoglycaemia on the treatment effect of empagliflozin.

Methods and results

About 7020 patients with T2D (HbA1c 7–10%) were treated with empagliflozin 10 or 25 mg, or placebo and followed for median 3.1 years. The relationship between on-trial hypoglycaemia and CV outcomes, and effects of empagliflozin on outcomes by incident hypoglycaemia [HYPO-broad: symptomatic hypoglycaemia with plasma glucose (PG) ≤70 mg/dL, any hypoglycaemia with PG <54 mg/dL, or severe hypoglycaemia, and HYPO-strict: hypoglycaemia with PG <54 mg/dL, or severe hypoglycaemia] was investigated using adjusted Cox regression models with time-varying covariates for hypoglycaemia and interaction with treatment. HYPO-broad occurred in 28% in each group and HYPO-strict in 19%. In the placebo group, hypoglycaemia was associated with an increased risk of HHF for both HYPO-broad [hazard ratio (HR, 95% confidence interval, CI) 1.91 (1.25–2.93)] and HYPO-strict [1.72 (1.06–2.78)]. HYPO-broad (but not HYPO-strict) was associated with an increased risk of myocardial infarction (MI) [HR 1.56 (1.06–2.29)]. Empagliflozin improved CV outcomes, regardless of occurrence of hypoglycaemia (P-for interactions >0.05).

Conclusion

In this post hoc exploratory analysis, hypoglycaemia was associated with an increased risk of HHF and MI. Hypoglycaemia risk was not increased with empagliflozin and incident hypoglycaemia did not attenuate its cardio-protective effects.
Risk is in the eye of the assessor: comparing risk assessments of four non-native tree species in Germany
Authors: Bindewald Anja , Michiels Hans-Gerhard , Bauhus Jürgen
Published: August 2019

Non-native tree species (NNT) that pose risks to biodiversity are classified as ‘invasive’ in some European countries. However, country-specific risk assessment methods may lead to different results for the same NNT between countries of comparable growth conditions, raising doubts about the reliability of risk classifications. Here, we analysed six risk assessment tools used in Germany and adjacent countries for their practical applicability and consistency using four NNT (Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh., Paulownia tomentosa (Thunb. ex Murray), Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco and Quercus rubra L.) as case studies. Using these tools to classify risks for the same NNT and reference area (Germany) yielded inconsistent results for all NNT. The reasons for this were (1) differences in classification and weighting of criteria, (2) a lack of data to quantify invasion risks and (3) uncertainties related to assessment methodologies. Moreover, the tools fail to distinguish between risks posed by NNT in different sites. We suggest that instead the risks should be assessed for different ecosystem types by using site-specific inventory data covering the establishment, spread and potential impact of NNT. Our recommendations provide a foundation for developing a consistent, systematic Pan-European approach to assess invasiveness while addressing both risk and forest management aspects.