bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Metatheory and the Primacy of Conceptual Analysis in Developmental Science
Authors: Witherington David C. , Overton Willis F. , Lickliter Robert , Marshall Peter J. , Narvaez Darcia
Published: July 2018

The practice of science entails more than just repeated cycles of theory construction, hypothesis generation, and empirical investigation. Broader, metatheoretical levels of conceptualization necessarily condition all aspects of the research process, establishing the very meaning and sensibility of science’s empirical and theoretical activities. When debate arises at these metatheoretical levels, it is the subject of conceptual analysis, not empirical investigation. In this article, we examine the overarching metatheoretical divide that lies at the heart of many key theoretical debates in science: the divide between a Cartesian-Split-Mechanistic research paradigm and a Process-Relational research paradigm. We instantiate this divide in terms of three prominent domains of inquiry within developmental science: the study of epigenesis (including epigenetics); the study of embodiment, specifically embodied cognition; and the study of baselines for human nature and development. We reveal how core issues and theoretical debates within these domains derive from metatheoretical, not theoretical, points of contention.
Prognostic Significance of Serum NGAL and Troponin I against Acute Kidney Injury in Egyptian ICU Patients after Open Heart Surgery: A Pilot Study
Authors: Mosa Osama F.
Published: July 2018

Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication following cardiac surgery and percutaneous coronary interventions, with an estimated incidence rate around 30%, depicted by long-term intensive care unit stay and culminating renal dysfunction over time, triggering either perpetual renal damage evolving to chronic kidney disease/end-stage renal disease transitions or high vulnerability for sudden death after surgery. The classical diagnosis of AKI is based on a sharp rise in serum creatinine that takes at least 48 h to be visible and is associated with multiple nonrenal factors. Objective: We aimed to evaluate the predictive performance of both neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and Klotho for AKI in patients who underwent cardiothoracic surgery using cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Results: Out of the 182 patients included in the study, 65 had AKI and 117 had non-AKI according to the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes criteria relying on serum creatinine levels. Baseline serum NGAL was 103.5 ± 41.69 μg/L in the AKI group compared to 79.12 ± 48.02 μg/L in the non-AKI group (p < 0.01) and then manifested a peak-fall-rise pattern until 48 h of CPB, with a more remarkable change in the AKI than in the non-AKI group. ROC curve analysis for all measured biomarkers after 2 h of CPB showed that serum NGAL (0.819, > 75% cutoff, 83.5% accuracy) came after serum creatinine (0.864, > 140% cutoff, 85% accuracy), and troponin I was poorer than both (0.606, > 5.5% cutoff, 60% accuracy). Furthermore, multivariate analysis showed that preoperative serum NGAL, preoperative eGFR ≤60 mL/min/1.73 m2, and arterial hypertension were possible risk factors for AKI with adverse outcomes. Conclusions: Our study suggests the role of preoperative serum NGAL as a prognostic tool for renal consequences after cardiac surgery. Besides, postoperative serum NGAL is a sensitive marker for AKI, but is less specific than serum creatinine. Troponin I is considered to be a risk confirmatory tool and may help in the prediction of AKI. However, its diagnostic utility is restricted due to age-dependent cutoff values and poor standardization and harmonization because of interassay variations.
Oral Cancer Treatment: Still an Indication for Elective Neck Dissection?
Authors: Koyama Leonardo Kenji Sakaue , Matos Leandro Luongo , Kulcsar Marco Aurélio Vamondes , de Araújo Filho Vergilius José Furtado  , Cernea Claudio Roberto
Published: July 2018

Introduction: Oral squamous cell carcinoma has a high incidence and, although elective neck dissection is recommended, the removed nodes frequently present without metastasis. This surgical approach causes disabilities and increases possible surgical complications. Objective: To evaluate the possibility of a watchful waiting approach in oral cancer. Methods: We compared 78 patients with clinical and pathological node metastases and their counterparts with pathological node metastases but without evident clinical neck disease. Therefore, we provided a theoretical comparison between the patients who had an elective neck dissection and those who waited until a clinically positive node was evident. Results: The prognostic factor rates were similar between the groups. Their regional recurrence and mortality rates had no statistical differences. Conclusion: A watchful waiting policy could be applied to selected oral cancer patients who can undergo a very close follow-up. This option would be more cost-effective and less harmful than elective neck dissection.
Haemodialysis with Tinzaparin Versus Dialysate Citrate as Anticoagulation
Authors: Mahmood Dana , Stegmayr Bernd G.
Published: July 2018

Anticoagulation with citrate-containing haemodialysate (cHD) is an alternative to tinzaparin haemodialysate (tHD). The study investigated whether cHD would differ when changed from tHD. The same 18 patients were their own controls followed up with cHD for 5 months. LDL-cholesterol decreased at the end of a cHD session (p = 0.01). Neutrophils (p = 0.013) and monocytes (p = 0.007) dropped more during a cHD session. During the follow-up period of cHD, approximately 50% needed additional tinzaparin. Before the cHD session could start, there was a lower total cholesterol at 2 weeks (p = 0.014) and LDL-cholesterol at 1 month (p = 0.011) versus an increase of LDL at 5 months (p = 0.02). Only patients without additional tinzaparin had a reduction of ­C-reactive protein (CRP) at 2 months of cHD (p < 0.05) but not later. Solely cHD seems possible only in half of the patients. A greater reduction in granulocytes and monocytes during cHD indicates a more extensive blood membrane interaction, while CRP may be lower.
Mutation in KIF5A c.610C>T Causing Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia with Axonal Sensorimotor Neuropathy
Authors: Cuchanski Mathieu , Baldwin Kelly Jo
Published: July 2018

Hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSP) are a rare heterogeneous group of inherited neurodegenerative diseases characterized by progressive lower extremity spasticity and weakness. Mutations of the kinesin family member 5A (KIF5A) gene lead to a spectrum of phenotypes ranging from spastic paraplegia type 10 to Charcot-Marie Tooth Disease type 2. We report the second known case of a mutation in the KIF5A gene at c.610C>T presenting with HSP plus an axonal sensorimotor neuropathy.
Sentidos identitários paradoxais de TV na internet
Authors: Kilpp Suzana
Published: July 2018

O artigo objetiva propor o conceito de estado-vídeo como alternativa a paradigmas que associam os conteúdos televisivos a que se assiste na Internet a uma espécie de televisão expandida, digitalizada ou remediada na rede universal de computadores. Toma por referência resultados parciais do monitoramento de dois sítios genealógicos: um de emissora de TV off-line sitiada na Internet, e outro de emissora que não tem existência off-line, que é nativa da Internet. A análise empírica é feita sob a metodologia das molduras, e o referencial teórico recorre a vários autores que são articulados para produzir a crítica e encaminhar as considerações finais.
Da utopia ao desencanto
Authors: Rodrigues Laécio Ricardo de Aquino
Published: July 2018

Após recapitular a ambiência social e política da geração de 1968, enfatizando suas demandas e posterior legado, apresento no artigo uma análise de Morrer aos 30 anos (1982), filme de Romain Goupil e uma espécie de reflexão sobre as alegrias e desilusões com os anos de militância esquerdista à época.
Os esboços da nação guineense em Madina Boé (1968), de José Massip
Authors: Silva Alexsandro de Sousa e
Published: July 2018

O texto analisa aspectos históricos em torno do média-metragem Madina Boé (1968), dirigido por José Massip e financiado pelo Instituto Cubano de Arte e Industria Cinematográficas e pela Organização de Solidariedade com os Povos da Ásia, África e América Latina. O documentário retrata a organização do Partido Africano para a Independência da Guiné e Cabo Verde (PAIGC) e o ataque do grupo à base militar de Portugal em Madina, região do Boé, na então Guiné portuguesa (futura Guiné-Bissau). A obra fílmica, acreditamos, expressa distintas enunciações que apontam para a independência da Guiné e legitima as ações armadas do PAIGC e de seu líder, Amílcar Cabral.
Revolucionários, ditadura e ruínas ao som de Villa-Lobos
Authors: Alvim Luíza Beatriz
Published: July 2018

Partimos de conceitos de Walter Benjamin e analisamos, nos filmes O desafio (Paulo César Saraceni, 1965), Terra em transe (Glauber Rocha, 1967) e Os herdeiros (Carlos Diegues, 1970), as sequências com música de Villa-Lobos que evocam tanto a ideia da história como catástrofe quanto o filme Deus e o diabo na terra do sol (Glauber Rocha, 1964), com o qual tais filmes se relacionam também pelo elemento do travelling. Porém, diferentemente da utopia do filme de 1964, feito antes do Golpe Militar, a instalação da ditadura traz para os personagens idealistas o sentimento catastrófico, que, a partir de Benjamin, pode ser entendido também como potência.
“Revolución Escritura”: los ciné-tracts de Jean- Luc Godard y el arte de mayo de 1968
Authors: Topp Dominic
Published: July 2018

Este artículo examina la participación de Jean-Luc Godard en el proyecto ciné-tracts durante mayo y junio de 1968. Explora dos enfoques de la producción cultural que fueron prominentes en Francia en este periodo, y que influyeron en la práctica artística de Godard: uno utilitario y uno modernista. Luego, ofrece un análisis detallado de los ciné-tracts que produjo Godard, considerando cómo se articulan estas influencias tanto en sus materiales referenciales como en sus prácticas formales.
Reflexões sobre a Cinemateca do Museu de Arte Moderna do Rio de Janeiro na virada dos anos 1960 aos 1970
Authors: Núñez Fabián
Published: July 2018

A gestão de Cosme Alves Netto à frente da Cinemateca do Museu de Arte Moderna do Rio de Janeiro (MAM-RJ) ficou celebrizada pela importante atuação cultural que a instituição exerceu na época. É possível afirmar que sua administração marca o começo de uma nova fase da Cinemateca desse museu. Este artigo visa tecer reflexões sobre as ações da Cinemateca do MAM-RJ durante a Ditadura Militar brasileira (1964-1985), em particular, na virada dos anos 1960/1970.
O fundo do ar é vermelho: a subterrânea matéria sensível da história
Authors: Brasil André , Fagioli Julia
Published: July 2018

Muito se pode dizer sobre O fundo do ar é vermelho, de Chris Marker, filme inesgotável, que se dedica a um impressionante acervo de imagens de nossa história recente. Acervo que somente em parte (sua ponta visível) veio à tona e cuja outra parte, submersa, interessa a Marker retomar. Em nossa hipótese, trata-se, por um lado, de prosseguir com a tradição dialética que produz choques, contradições entre imagens e testemunhos, levando-os sempre em direção a uma polifonia. Por outro lado, a montagem atravessa a dialética pela série paratática – inventário de rostos, gestos e “motivos” – que, em sua dimensão marcadamente patética, modula o filme por meio dos afetos da luta e do luto.
Atributos de séries dramáticas de sucesso e engajamento da audiência
Authors: Anaz Sílvio Antonio Luiz
Published: July 2018

Some contemporary drama TV series are characterized by hybrid format (serial and episodic), expanded universe (transmedia), audience engagement, and long arcs that elaborate on personage’s characteristics. This paper analyzes this phenomenon in two steps: first, it establishes the main specificities in contemporary creation and fruition processes of TV series; second, it maps and delineates the outstanding resources that have contributed to their success. The results indicate the importance of the role of showrunner, the logic of production and consumption in pay TV, and the use of challenging narrative resources for audience in the successful contemporary drama TV series.
Apresentação
Authors: Morettin Eduardo Victorio , Aguiar Carolina Amaral de , Dávila Ignacio Del Valle
Published: July 2018

Apresentação da edição 50 do periódico Significação: revista de cultura audiovisual
Uso de Simulador Realístico de Alta Fidelidade no Ensino da Fisiologia Humana no Curso de Enfermagem
Authors: Souza André Luiz Thomaz de , Passaglia Patrícia , Cárnio Evelin Capellari
Published: July 2018

A simulação realística possibilita a reprodução de situações reais para o aprimoramento no processo ensinoaprendizagem. Contudo, seu uso nas ciências básicas, especificamente no ensino da fisiologia humana, ainda é incipiente. O objetivo do presente estudo foi implementar o uso do simulador realístico de alta fidelidade no ensino da fisiologia humana no curso de enfermagem. A simulação teve como tema a regulação da pressão arterial. Foi disponibilizado para os alunos um caso clínico no qual pudessem reconhecer em um simulador realístico de alta fidelidade as variações na pressão arterial a curto e longo prazo e sua aplicabilidade no contexto clínico. Foram utilizadas as funções relacionadas ao sistema cardiovascular disponíveis no simulador. De acordo com a cena/evento implementado no simulador, era esperado que o aluno identificasse o tipo de alteração fisiológica resultante. Na sequência, o tema era discutido com foco na fisiologia inserida no contexto clínico. Identificou-se que o uso do simulador realístico no ensino da fisiologia humana é uma ferramenta útil para o desenvolvimento cognitivo do aluno quanto ao funcionamento do corpo humano, especificamente em relação aos mecanismos de regulação da pressão arterial. Tomando como base a experiência desenvolvida infere-se que o uso do simulador realístico de alta fidelidade possibilita a integração teórico-prática com a aplicação clínica, o que consequentemente aumenta as chances no aprendizado sobre a fisiologia do corpo humano.
Modelo de Curso Teórico-Prático em Abdômen Agudo: Uma Proposta de Capacitação
Authors: Barros Rinaldo Antunes , Lucena Gustavo Costa Marques de , Passos Thomaz Sampaio
Published: July 2018

A experiência do médico é um dos fatores mais importantes para o manejo do abdômen agudo. Torna-se imperativo que escolas médicas abordem com mais propriedade o tema, visto que médicos recém-formados iniciam suas carreiras em unidades de emergência e a inexperiência no manejo dessa síndrome pode causar falhas de atendimento. A Liga Bahiana de Clínica Cirúrgica ministra curso de quinze horas, com capacidade para 45 alunos divididos em quinze trios. Têm-se quinze casos com checklists construídos por ligantes e apresentados aos demais membros e orientador científico para ajustes. Na primeira atividade, ligantes realizam conferência sobre semiologia do abdômen. Em seguida, os alunos vão para a prática do exame físico em “paciente simulado” sob a supervisão de ligantes. No sábado subsequente, ocorre uma sessão interativa sobre abdômen agudo ministrada pelo especialista, utilizando o Team Based Learning. No segundo sábado, os trios atendem casos simulados de abdômen agudo em esquema de rodízio, com cada integrante do trio atendendo cinco pacientes simulados das cinco diferentes síndromes de abdômen agudo. O Curso Teórico-Prático em Abdômen Agudo reproduz uma situação de urgência/emergência, buscando promover a redução de desfechos desfavoráveis e gastos desnecessários que oneram o Sistema Único de Saúde e hospitais através de um debriefing e checklist acerca do atendimento e quantidade de exames desnecessários solicitados. Inserir o aluno em práticas de simulação permite a construção de um raciocínio em que possíveis falhas não acarretam danos reais ao paciente.
Aulas Práticas de Laboratório como Método de Ensino de Genética Molecular
Authors: Venturini Andressa Monteiro , Souza Leandro Fonseca de , Dias Naissa Maria Silvestre , Monteiro-Vitorello Claudia Barros , Quecine Maria Carolina
Published: July 2018

A genética é considerada uma das mais difíceis ciências para estudantes do ensino superior; assim, diferentes métodos de ensino devem ser utilizados para facilitar o seu processo de ensino-aprendizagem e tornar os alunos os protagonistas de seus saberes. Neste relato, foi avaliado o emprego de aulas práticas de laboratório como método de ensino na disciplina de Genética Molecular por meio das seguintes técnicas avaliativas: quizzes, questionário e observação em sala de aula. O conjunto de dados coletados em uma turma ao longo de um semestre demonstrou que o uso de aulas práticas favoreceu a aprendizagem dos conteúdos e procedimentos da pesquisa científica em genética molecular, além de aumentar a motivação dos alunos e promover o trabalho em grupo.
Tipping Point Challenges in International Economic Disputes
Authors: Claussen Kathleen
Published: July 2018

This article reviews two critical “tipping point” moments in the evolution of international economic law, so-called given the overwhelming response by the international economic law community in each instance suggesting that the moment ought not be repeated as it called into question foundational tenets of the dispute resolution system. In each instance, an adjudicator was dismissed on the basis of his past decision-making, bringing into sharper focus questions about the mandate of the adjudicator and the checks and balances in relation to the adjudicatory role. This article surveys the availability of ethical or other doctrines to guide arbitrators in this respect and calls for change in the interest of preserving the legitimacy of the international economic law adjudicatory systems.
Hold on to Your Hat! Issue Conflicts in the Investment Court System
Authors: Dias Simões Fernando
Published: July 2018

Since 2015, the European Commission (EC) has been advocating the establishment of an investment court system (ICS). A key aspect of the proposal is the creation of the strictest ethical standards ever seen in the field of investor-state arbitration. The exercise of functions as an arbitrator does not traditionally require exclusivity, and many lawyers offer their services in the market in other capacities. This situation is described as the “double hat” phenomenon and is seen as one of the most frequent moral hazards in investment arbitration. Both the Comprehensive Economic Trade Agreement (CETA) and the Commission’s investment chapter proposal for the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP) prohibit adjudicators from acting as legal counsel in other investment dispute cases. This article discusses the potential advantages and drawbacks of the EC’s approach to the “multiple hat” problem and their potential impact on the investment arbitration system as a whole.
Global distribution of Carex buekii (Cyperaceae) reappraised
Authors: KOOPMAN JACOB , DAJDOK ZYGMUNT , WIĘCŁAW HELENA , MARTINETTO EDOARDO , GRULICH VÍT , ŘEPKA RADOMÍR , JIMÉNEZ-MEJÍAS PEDRO
Published: July 2018

Carex buekii is a rare species, native to Europe and the Middle East, although its full geographical distribution is poorly known. Attention is paid to the global occurrence of C. buekii. Its situation and threat status is presented in relation to each country from which this species is known. Carex buekii forms four (rare) hybrids, each with other members within the section Phacocystis. Special attention is paid to the comparison of Carex buekii with the recently described Central European C. randalpina; the taxonomic problems of those two species are briefly discussed.
Dictyosporella hydei sp. nov., an asexual species from freshwater habitats in China
Authors: SONG HAI-YAN , HUO GUANG-HUA , HU DIAN-MING
Published: July 2018

A new species Dictyosporella hydei was collected on submerged wood in Yunnan Province, China. The new species is characterized by globose to broadly cylindrical, muriform and brass coloured conidia consisting of multiple angular, subglobose cells. Its affinity to Dictyosporella was inferred from phylogenetic analysis based on LSU data. The new species together with the other two species of Dictyosporella formed a well-supported clade which was closely related to Distoseptisporaceae.
New species and records of Ischnosoma Stephens (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Tachyporinae) from Nepal
Authors: KOCIAN MATÚŠ , SCHÜLKE MICHAEL
Published: July 2018

More than 540 specimens of the genus Ischnosoma Stephens (Coleptera, Staphylinidae, Tachyporinae) from Nepal are revised. Four new species are described and illustrated: Ischnosoma bhojpur Kocian & Schülke, sp. n., I. hirthei Kocian & Schülke, sp. n., I. jumla Kocian & Schülke, sp. n. and I. schmidti Kocian & Schülke, sp. n. Additional records of previously described species are reported. The distributions of the Nepalese species are mapped. Ischnosoma gratiosum (Cameron, 1932) is recorded from Nepal for the first time. A revised key to the Ischnosoma species of Nepal is presented.
Two new endemic species of Gorgoniidae (Cnidaria, Anthozoa, Octocorallia) from Revillagigedo Archipelago, Mexico
Authors: OLVERA URSULA , HERNÁNDEZ OSVALDO , SÁNCHEZ CARLOS , GÓMEZ-GUTIÉRREZ JAIME
Published: July 2018

Two new species of the genera Eugorgia and Leptogorgia were discovered while underwater collecting at the Revillagigedo Archipelago, Mexico. Sea fan species diversity and density population in these four volcanic islands is low (<12 spp.), and the possibility of endemism is high given their isolation from the mainland (403 km southwest of Cabo San Lucas, Baja California peninsula). Morphological features suggest Eugorgia wilkiei sp. nov. has a close relationship to species of the daniana group, particularly with Eugorgia multifida Verrill, 1870. However, E. wilkiei sp. nov. has densely branched irregular-pinnate colonies that grow in several simple planes or multiplanar flabelliform, and shows two distinct chromotypes (yellow or red). Leptogorgia waltonae sp. nov. is added here to the ena group because its similar in size and sclerites to Leptogorgia ena Breedy et al. 2012. However, the wart-like terminal twigs representing an enlargement of the axis (but not the coenenchyme which has the same thickness throughout the colony), 90°-angled lateral branching, and the red, purple, orange, or yellow coloration range of the colonies are the main taxonomic characters to distinguish L. waltonae sp. nov. from L. ena. Scuba diving observations in about 200 sampling locations done since 1995 to 2016 along the mexican Pacific coast, including the Gulf of California, indicate both new octocoral species are distributed only at Revillagigedo islands. Revillagigedo Archipelago is surrounded by oligotrophic oceanic waters, strong seawater currents, and relatively frequent hurricane perturbations that favor small or robust, and hard and resistant sea fan colonies, low-species diversity, and low-population density. These factors may enhance speciation processes supporting the comparatively high endemism of the islands benthic fauna as well.
Henanocerus lineatus gen. nov. and sp. nov., a new leafhopper feeding on Populus tomentosa Carrière from China (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae)
Authors: ZHANG BIN , WANG CHIN-FAH
Published: July 2018

A new genus of poplar-feeding leafhopper, Henanocerus gen. nov., comprising a single species (Henanocerus lineatus sp. nov.) is described and illustrated. This new genus is placed only tentatively in the tribe Idiocerini of subfamily Idiocerinae based on the structure of the external morphology.
Design of First-Order 121.6 nm Minus Filters
Authors: Wang Xiaodong , Chen Bo , Huo Tonglin , Zhou Hongjun
Published: July 2018

The equivalent parameters function in Macleod software can be used to calculate the equivalent admittance and phase thickness of multilayers, even when the material is both absorbing and dispersive, and the incidence angle is non-zero. We utilized this software to design first-order 121.6 nm minus filters based on a lanthanum trifluoride (LaF3)/magnesium fluoride (MgF2) multilayer; a Gaussian-type target curve was also introduced into the design. Minus filters with bandwidths of 10 and 5 nm were obtained and had good visible light suppression and low side-lobe ripples. This designed filter will be fabricated for use in a Lyman-alpha coronagraph and imager installed in the Lyman-Alpha Solar Telescope, which will be launched by China in 2021.
Impulsivity predicts illness severity in long-term course of bipolar disorder: A prospective approach
Authors: Rote Jonas , Dingelstadt Alice-Mai-Ly , Aigner Annette , Bauer Michael , Fiebig Jana , König Barbara , Kunze Johanna , Pfeiffer Steffi , Pfennig Andrea , Quinlivan Esther , Simhandl Christian , Stamm Thomas J
Published: July 2018

Background:

Bipolar disorder is a common, severe and chronic mental illness. Despite this, predictors of illness severity remain poorly understood. Impulsivity is reported to be associated with bipolar disorder and aggravating comorbidities. This study therefore sought to examine the predictive value of impulsivity for determining illness severity in euthymic bipolar disorder patients.

Methods:

Baseline trait impulsivity of 120 bipolar euthymic patients (81 bipolar disorder I [68%], 80 female [67%]) and 51 healthy controls was assessed using Barratt Impulsiveness Scale 11. The impact of impulsivity on illness severity (measured with morbidity index) was prospectively tested in 97 patients with sufficient follow-up data (average observation time: 54.4 weeks), using linear regression analysis.

Results:

Barratt Impulsiveness Scale 11 total (β = 0.01; p < 0.01) and in particular Barratt Impulsiveness Scale 11 attentional subscale scores (β = 0.04; p < 0.001) predicted illness severity in bipolar disorder, while controlling for other clinical variables. Only age at onset persisted as an additional, but less influential predictor. Barratt Impulsiveness Scale 11 total scores and Barratt Impulsiveness Scale 11 attentional subscale scores were significantly higher in euthymic patients compared to controls. This was not observed for the motor or non-planning subscale scores.

Limitations:

The average year-long observation time might not be long enough to account for the chronic course of bipolar disorder.

Conclusion:

Trait impulsivity and particularly attentional impulsivity in euthymic bipolar patients can be strong predictors of illness severity in bipolar disorder. Future studies should explore impulsivity as a risk assessment for morbidity and as a therapeutic target in bipolar disorder patients.
Protocol for N-of-1 trials proof of concept for rehabilitation of childhood-onset dystonia: Study 1
Authors: Gimeno Hortensia , Polatajko Helene J. , Cornelius Victoria , Lin Jean-Pierre , Brown Richard G.
Published: July 2018

Background.

Hyperkinetic movement disorders (HMD) are a heterogeneous group of neurological conditions among which dystonia is the predominant disorder and dyskinetic cerebral palsy the largest secondary dystonia group. Currently, there are no evidence-based, non-medical management options for childhood HMD. The Cognitive Orientation to daily Occupational Performance (CO-OP) Approach is a task-oriented, performance-based intervention that focuses on participation.

Purpose.

This paper reports the protocol for a proof-of-concept study to assess feasibility and preliminary evidence regarding efficacy of CO-OP for HMD following deep brain stimulation (DBS).

Method.

A series of N-of-1 trials with replications will be conducted with children, ages 6 and 21 years with HMD and DBS as indicated by the Manual Ability Classification System. Ten individualized CO-OP sessions, with multiple baselines before, during, and after, will be completed. The primary outcome measures are the Performance Quality Rating Scale and the Assessment of Motor and Process Skills. Outcome data will be plotted over time for each participant and supplemented with graph statistical analysis and effect size estimates.

Implications.

A written protocol will be developed based on evidence and feedback incorporating any changes to the CO-OP intervention for children and young people with HMD, as per the Medical Research Council’s Framework for Complex Interventions.
Protocol for N-of-1 trials with replications across therapists for childhood-onset dystonia rehabilitation: Study 2
Authors: Gimeno Hortensia , Polatajko Helene J. , Cornelius Victoria , Lin Jean-Pierre , Brown Richard G.
Published: July 2018

Background.

Currently, no evidence-based rehabilitation interventions are available for hyperkinetic movement disorders (HMD), including dyskinetic cerebral palsy (CP). Among these highly heterogeneous disorders, dystonia is the predominant disorder. The Cognitive Orientation to daily Occupational Performance (CO-OP) Approach—a task-oriented, performance-based intervention to enable participation—is currently being evaluated for its potential as an intervention option.

Purpose.

This paper reports the protocol for the second of two studies designed to evaluate the potential of CO-OP to improve functional outcomes for individuals with HMD following deep brain stimulation (DBS). This second study is a systematic replication across multiple treating therapists from multiple centres.

Method.

Systematic replications will be used across centres and treating therapists trained in the CO-OP, using a series of randomized multiple-baseline N-of-1 trials. Participants will be ages 6 to 21 years with HMD and DBS as indicated by the Manual Ability Classification System. Data collection will involve multiple data points collected at baseline, during intervention, and after intervention. The intervention will involve occupation-based goal setting followed by 10 individualized CO-OP sessions. The primary outcome measures are the Performance Quality Rating Scale and the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure. Outcome data will be plotted over time for each participant and supplemented with graph statistical analysis and estimate size effect for N-of-1 trials.

Implications.

The results of this study will help to inform future training procedures and future clinical trials.
The Equity Lens for Occupational Therapy: A program development and evaluation tool
Authors: Restall Gayle J. , MacLeod Schroeder Natalie J. , Dubé Charmayne D.
Published: July 2018

Background.

Occupational therapists value the principles of health and health care equity and often face challenges addressing inequities within the systems in which they work.

Purpose.

We present the Equity Lens for Occupational Therapy (ELOT), a framework to provide a practical starting point for reflecting on equity issues and the ways inequities are enacted in daily practice.

Key Issues.

Building on an existing occupational therapy practice model and well-established program development and evaluation processes, we overlay an equity lens. The lens provides a structured way to critically reflect on occupational therapy programs within their contexts and develop action strategies to prevent or redress inequities.

Implications.

Taking action on the multiple ways that inequities can be embedded in occupational therapy programs within health and social systems can be a daunting task. The ELOT provides a systematic way to stimulate critical reflection and dialogue, examine practice, focus social advocacy, and take action.
What do we know about technologies for dementia-related wandering? A scoping review
Authors: Neubauer Noelannah A. , Lapierre Nolwenn , Ríos-Rincón Adriana , Miguel-Cruz Antonio , Rousseau Jacqueline , Liu Lili
Published: July 2018

Background.

Occupational therapists use technologies to manage wandering-related risks to promote safety and independence among individuals with dementia living in the community.

Purpose.

The purpose of this review was to examine types of technologies used to manage wandering behaviour.

Method.

Using a modification of Arksey and O’Malley’s methodology, we systematically searched peer-reviewed and grey literature on technologies used in home or supportive care environments for persons with dementia at risk for wandering. Data from the studies were analyzed descriptively.

Findings.

The literature described 83 technologies. Nineteen devices were clinically tested. Interventions ranged from alarm products to mobile locator devices. Benefits included reductions in risk and caregiver burden.

Implications.

Occupational therapy strategies include technologies to enhance function in persons with dementia. Technologies can also reduce risks of wandering and should be affordable. Ethical issues of the use of technology must be addressed. More research is needed to increase levels of evidence.
Connecting Universal Design for Learning With Culturally Responsive Teaching
Authors: Kieran Laura , Anderson Christine
Published: July 2018

Urban students are increasingly diverse in race, culture, language, and background knowledge. Educators must consider how students’ differences affect learning and align pedagogies that address this diversity. Universal design for learning (UDL) has provided educators with a framework for differentiation to address learner differences. Using UDL principles without explicitly considering how cultural differences and perspectives affect learning may increase the disparity in student achievement for students of color. Likewise, the same applies to the effect of socioeconomic status or language development on students’ preparation for learning in a “typical” school environment. Culturally responsive pedagogies prompt educators to design instruction from the perspective of students’ diversity as strengths rather than deficits. Frequently overlooked aspects of culturally responsive pedagogy are compared with the facets of the UDL framework to provide teachers with additional considerations when planning for effective instruction.
A Note on the D-Scoring Method Adapted for Polytomous Test Items
Authors: Dimitrov Dimiter M. , Luo Yong
Published: July 2018

An approach to scoring tests with binary items, referred to as D-scoring method, was previously developed as a classical analog to basic models in item response theory (IRT) for binary items. As some tests include polytomous items, this study offers an approach to D-scoring of such items and parallels the results with those obtained under the graded response model (GRM) for ordered polytomous items in the framework of IRT. The proposed design of using D-scoring with “virtual” binary items generated from polytomous items provides (a) ability scores that are consistent with their GRM counterparts and (b) item category response functions analogous to those obtained under the GRM. This approach provides a unified framework for D-scoring and psychometric analysis of tests with binary and/or polytomous items that can be efficient in different scenarios of educational and psychological assessment.
Speed control of hydraulic turbines for grid synchronization using simple adaptive add-ons
Authors: Gezer Dogan , Taşcıoğlu Yiğit , Çelebioğlu Kutay
Published: July 2018

Background:

Parameters of the hydroelectric power plant controllers are typically tuned at the nominal operating conditions such as nominal head and single unit operation. Water level variations in reservoir and/or tailwater, and the presence of other active units sharing the penstock are common disturbances to the nominal assumption.

Methods:

This article proposes two adaptive add-ons, namely gain scheduling and model reference adaptive control, to the existing speed controllers to improve grid synchronization performance when the site conditions are not nominal. The add-ons were designed and tested on a validated dynamic model of a power plant unit by using a software-in-the-loop simulation setup. An off-season scenario is simulated, in which the original controller of the unit cannot bring the turbine to synchronize with the grid due to low gross head. Then, the add-ons were implemented on-site and experiments were performed under similar conditions. The parameter sets used in gain scheduling for different operation bands are determined off-line with the help of operational experience. The model reference adaptive control add-on requires a reference model and a learning rate. A description of the turbine speed-up profile at nominal operating conditions is sufficient to be used as the reference model. The proposed piecewise linear reference model favors stability over speed in settling to the nominal speed.

Results:

It is experimentally shown that the proposed add-ons compensate the negative effect of head loss in grid synchronization, and perform similar to the ideal performance at the nominal head.

Conclusion:

Both add-ons can be implemented on the available off-the-shelf speed governor controllers. They are suitable for use in all hydroelectric power plants, especially in unmanned ones, for automatic synchronization with less waste water.
Media reporting of suicide and adherence to media guidelines
Authors: McTernan Niall , Spillane Ailbhe , Cully Grace , Cusack Eimear , O’Reilly Theresa , Arensman Ella
Published: July 2018

Background:

International research consistently shows evidence for an association between sensationalised and detailed media reporting, and suicidal behaviour.

Aim:

This study examined the quality of media reporting of suicide and adherence to media guidelines in Ireland.

Methods:

In accordance with the criteria outlined in the media guidelines for reporting suicide, 243 media articles were screened and analysed for quality of reporting of two high-profile cases of suicide and two cases of suicide that became high profile following a period of intense media coverage that occurred between September 2009 and December 2012.

Results:

A minority of articles breached the media guidelines in relation to sensationalised language (11.8%), placement of reports on the front page of the newspaper (9.5%), publishing of inappropriate photographs (4.2%) and mention of location of suicide (2.4%), while no articles disclosed the contents of a suicide note. However, in the majority of articles analysed, journalists did not refer to appropriate support services for people vulnerable to, and at risk of suicide (75.8%) or mention wider issues that are related to suicidal behaviour (53.8%). Overemphasis of community grief (48.3%) was also common. Nearly all articles (99.2%) breached at least one guideline and 58.9% of articles breached three or more guidelines.

Conclusion:

Overall, adherence to media guidelines on reporting suicide in Ireland improved in certain key areas from September 2009 until December 2012. Nonetheless, important challenges remain. Increased monitoring by media monitoring agencies, regulators and government departments is required. Implementation should be conducted using a pro-active approach and form part of the curriculum of journalists and editors. The inclusion of guidelines for the reporting of suicidal behaviour in press codes of conduct for journalists warrants consideration.
Collusion-enhancing effects of the own- and cross-price demand elasticities in merging multiproduct food industries: The case of chicken and red meat in the United States
Authors: Panagiotou Dimitrios
Published: July 2018

The recent wave of megamergers sweeping the US food industry has raised significant concerns regarding “conglomerate” market power. Beef processors have been merging with pork and/or poultry processors (and vice versa). Concurrently, consumers have changed their attitude toward diet and health. The poultry industry has been more responsive to the changes in consumers’ lifestyles than the red meat industry by providing products which address health concerns. As a consequence, consumers exhibit stronger preference for chicken and are more willing to substitute chicken for red meat. The objective of this study is to examine the sustainability of collusion between multiproduct meat processing firms, under different values of the own-price demand flexibility of chicken as well as cross-price elasticities of demand between the markets of chicken and red meat. The findings indicate that the less (more) responsive demand for chicken gets to changes in its own price (price of red meat), the easier it gets for firms to sustain collusion.
The Spread of English in ASEAN: Policies and Issues
Authors: Low Ee Ling , Ao Ran
Published: July 2018

The ASEAN region is home to great ethnic, cultural, political and economic diversity and linguistically, represents a region where both Outer and Expanding Circle varieties of English are spoken. English is designated as the sole working language of the ASEAN region but in reality, it has a different status and performs very different roles in each ASEAN member state. This article first provides an overview of the spread of English in Southeast Asia. It then looks at English language policies in each of the Outer and Expanding Circle ASEAN countries, and discusses issues including models and norms of spoken English and intelligibility concerns. The article concludes by emphasizing that global–local tensions in the use of English in each of the ASEAN contexts should be taken into consideration. There is also the need to strike a balance between the existing tensions in order for the region to compete in the globally connected landscape of the 21st century.
Trajectory control of a mobile manipulator in the presence of base disturbance
Authors: Ram RV , Pathak PM , Junco SJ
Published: July 2018

A mobile manipulator is typically an assembly of a mobile robot base and an on-board manipulator arm. As the manipulator arm is mounted over the mobile robot base, the controller has the additional task of taking care of the disturbances of the mobile robot due to the dynamic interactions between the mobile robot base and manipulator arm. In the present work, dynamic models for the manipulator arm and an omni-wheeled mobile robot base were developed separately and then both were combined. Two control strategies, namely only manipulator arm control (OMAC) and simultaneous manipulator and base control (SMBC) were developed for the effective control of tip trajectory. In both strategies, an amnesia recovery coupled with classical proportional integral and derivative (PID) control was used. The bond graph methodology was used for the development of the dynamic model and control for the mobile manipulator. Simulation results are presented to illustrate the efficacy of the two control strategies.
Multi-step wear evolution simulation method for the prediction of rail wheel wear and vehicle dynamic performance
Authors: Pradhan Smitirupa , Samantaray AK , Bhattacharyya R
Published: July 2018

This paper presents a complete model to estimate the effects of wheel wear on the dynamic behavior and ride comfort of a railway vehicle. A co-simulation of the vehicle dynamics modeled in ADAMS VI-Rail and wear evolution modeled in MATLAB is performed in a loop. The outputs from the vehicle dynamics simulation are used to compute the wear evolution, which in turn affects the vehicle dynamics. The local contact parameters, such as normal contact force, tangential stresses and slip, etc., and wear distribution for each cell of the contact surface are estimated with the help of Kalker’s simplified theory of rolling contact and Archard’s wear model, respectively. The wear distribution and smoothening of the wheel profile are obtained for a short travel distance and are then scaled up for larger travel distance. The worn wheel profile is updated in the vehicle dynamics model after every 10,000 km of travel for further dynamic analysis and this process is repeated until either the critical dynamic performance or wheel wear limits are reached. Several new results emerge by considering both acceleration and braking on a tangent track with sinusoidal irregularities. Critical speed appears to increase initially and then decrease quickly, whereas worn wheels give better ride comfort in both lateral and vertical directions as compared to new wheels. According to the results in this work, wheels may be recommended for re-profiling or replacement much before the critical wear depth recommended in maintenance guidelines is reached.
Book review: Satish Sharma, Quakerism, Its Legacy, and Its Relevance for Gandhian Research
Authors: Nagla B. K.
Published: July 2018

Satish Sharma, Quakerism, Its Legacy, and Its Relevance for Gandhian Research. Newcastle upon Tyne, UK: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2017, xvi + 316 pp., £64.99 (hardback). ISBN (10): 1-5275-0010-1.
Book review: Walter Fernandes and Bhaswati Borgohain, Rethinking Autonomy, Self-Determination and Sovereignty: Search for Peace in Northeast India
Authors: Panda Biswambhar
Published: July 2018

Walter Fernandes and Bhaswati Borgohain, Rethinking Autonomy, Self-Determination and Sovereignty: Search for Peace in Northeast India. Guwahati: North Eastern Social Research Centre & New Delhi: Indian Social Institute, 2017, 199 pp., ₹200 (paperback). ISBN 978-8189762-57-5.
Book review: Maitrayee Chaudhuri, Gender, Media and a Transformed Public Discourse
Authors: Prasad Archana
Published: July 2018

Maitrayee Chaudhuri, Gender, Media and a Transformed Public Discourse. Hyderabad: Orient Blackswan, 2017, 323 p., ₹895 (hardback). ISBN 978-93-86689-00-9.
Book review: Carol Upadhya, Reengineering India: Work, Capital, and Class in an Offshore Economy
Authors: Roohi Sanam
Published: July 2018

Carol Upadhya, Reengineering India: Work, Capital, and Class in an Offshore Economy. New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2016, xiii + 383 pp., ₹995 (hardback). ISBN-13: 978-0-19-946148-6.
A Cautionary Note on the Reliability of the Online Survey Data: The Case of Wage Indicator
Authors: Smyk Magdalena , Tyrowicz Joanna , van der Velde Lucas
Published: July 2018

We investigate the reliability of data from the Wage Indicator (WI), the largest online survey on earnings and working conditions. Comparing WI to nationally representative data sources for 17 countries reveals that participants of WI are not likely to have been representatively drawn from the respective populations. Previous literature has proposed to utilize weights based on inverse propensity scores, but this procedure was shown to leave reweighted WI samples different from the benchmark nationally representative data. We propose a novel procedure, building on covariate balancing propensity score, which achieves complete reweighting of the WI data, making it able to replicate the structure of nationally representative samples on observable characteristics. While rebalancing assures the match between WI and representative benchmark data sources, we show that the wage schedules remain different for a large group of countries. Using the example of a Mincerian wage regression, we find that in more than a third of the cases, our proposed novel reweighting assures that estimates obtained on WI data are not biased relative to nationally representative data. However, in the remaining 60 percent of the analyzed 95 data sets, systematic differences in the estimated coefficients of the Mincerian wage regression between WI and nationally representative data persist even after reweighting. We provide some intuition about the reasons behind these biases. Notably, objective factors such as access to the Internet or richness appear to matter, but self-selection (on unobservable characteristics) among WI participants appears to constitute an important source of bias.
Gendering Occupations: An Introductory Exercise for Teaching Reproduction of the Binary Gender System
Authors: Adkins Angela M.
Published: July 2018

This paper presents a foundational classroom exercise used to help introduce the systemic and interactional aspects of the binary gender system, using 12 occupations selected from the Bureau of Labor Statistics and personality characteristics from the Bem Sex Role Inventory. This activity was conducted in an introductory Diversity course at a Midwestern community college over 13 semesters (n = 603). Collected results indicate a strong tendency for students to invisibly gender each occupation without any suggestive cues and a willingness in retrospect to examine their role in the implicit process of gendering. As such, this exercise may offer an additional strategy to help students understand that their individual agency can serve both to reproduce and challenge existing power relations.