bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Optical/Near-infrared Investigation of HD 100546 b with the Gemini Planet Imager and MagAO
Authors: Rameau Julien , Follette Katherine B. , Pueyo Laurent , Marois Christian , Macintosh Bruce , Millar-Blanchaer Maxwell , Wang Jason J. , Vega David , Doyon René , Lafrenière David , Nielsen Eric L. , Bailey Vanessa , Chilcote Jeffrey K. , Close Laird M. , Esposito Thomas M. , Males Jared R. , Metchev Stanimir , Morzinski Katie M. , Ruffio Jean-Baptiste , Wolff Schuyler G. , Ammons S. M. , Barman Travis S. , Bulger Joanna , Cotten Tara , Rosa Robert J. De , Duchene Gaspard , Fitzgerald Michael P. , Goodsell Stephen , Graham James R. , Greenbaum Alexandra Z. , Hibon Pascale , Hung Li-Wei , Ingraham Patrick , Kalas Paul , Konopacky Quinn , Larkin James E. , Maire Jérôme , Marchis Franck , Oppenheimer Rebecca , Palmer David , Patience Jennifer , Perrin Marshall D. , Poyneer Lisa , Rajan Abhijith , Rantakyrö Fredrik T. , Marley Mark S. , Savransky Dmitry , Schneider Adam C. , Sivaramakrishnan Anand , Song Inseok , Soummer Remi , Thomas Sandrine , Wallace J. Kent , Ward-Duong Kimberly , Wiktorowicz Sloane
Published: May 2017

We present H band spectroscopic and Hα photometric observations of HD 100546 obtained with the Gemini Planet Imager and the Magellan Visible AO camera. We detect H band emission at the location of the protoplanet HD 100546 b, but show that the choice of data processing parameters strongly affects the morphology of this source. It appears point-like in some aggressive reductions, but rejoins an extended disk structure in the majority of the others. Furthermore, we demonstrate that this emission appears stationary on a timescale of 4.6 years, inconsistent at the 2σ level with a Keplerian clockwise orbit at 59 au in the disk plane. The H band spectrum of the emission is inconsistent with any type of low effective temperature object or accreting protoplanetary disk. It strongly suggests a scattered-light origin, as this is consistent with the spectrum of the star and the spectra extracted at other locations in the disk. A non-detection at the 5σ level of HD 100546 b in differential Hα imaging places an upper limit, assuming the protoplanet lies in a gap free of extinction, on the accretion luminosity of 1.7 × 10−4
L
⊙ and

for 1 R
Jup. These limits are comparable to the accretion luminosity and accretion rate of T-Tauri stars or LkCa 15 b. Taken together, these lines of evidence suggest that the H band source at the location of HD 100546 b is not emitted by a planetary photosphere or an accreting circumplanetary disk but is a disk feature enhanced by the point-spread function subtraction process. This non-detection is consistent with the non-detection in the K band reported in an earlier study but does not exclude the possibility that HD 100546 b is deeply embedded.
Neuropsychological Disorders Across the Lifespan: Overview and Implications
Authors: Tupper David E.
Published: May 2017

Neuropsychological disorders vary in prevalence, base rates, types of impairments, and functional changes over the course of a person's lifespan, with different immediate and late effects as well as expected outcomes. This article provides an overview of the important issues, concepts, and processes involved in a lifespan approach to understanding and managing neurobehavioral disorders from birth to death. Brief case examples of children and adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and traumatic brain injury illustrate the effects and needs of patients with developmental and acquired disorders at different ages and phases in life. It is hoped that practitioners can benefit from using a lifespan perspective whether the focus is on pediatric, adult, or geriatric conditions.[Psychiatr Ann. 2017;46(5):272–279.]
Trapeziectomy With Ligament Reconstruction and Tendon Interposition Versus a Trapeziometacarpal Prosthesis for the Treatment of Thumb Basal Joint Osteoarthritis
Authors: Robles-Molina María José , López-Caba Francisco , Gómez-Sánchez Rafael C. , Cárdenas-Grande Encarnación , Pajares-López Miguel , Hernández-Cortés Pedro
Published: May 2017

Numerous surgical procedures have been described to treat trapeziometacarpal osteoarthritis, but no approach is currently considered superior. Good long-term outcomes have been reported with multiple procedures. No studies have been published comparing outcomes of the Arpe joint replacement (Biomet, Valence, France) with those of ligament reconstruction and tendon interposition (LRTI) using the Burton–Pellegrini technique. The study objective was to compare clinical outcomes between these techniques. Sixty-five patients with Eaton stage III osteoarthritis of the thumb were included in this retrospective follow-up study. Patients were assigned to LRTI (LRTI group) or total joint replacement (Arpe group) and were followed for a mean of 4.8 years. The LRTI group included 34 patients and the Arpe group included 31. Clinical outcome variables were determined preoperatively and every 6 months postoperatively. Pain relief and functional improvement were similar between groups. Pinch strength and range of motion were superior in the Arpe group. Metacarpophalangeal hyperextension appeared to be prevented in the Arpe group but increased over the follow-up period in the LRTI group. However, the complication rate was higher in the Arpe group. Arthroplasty with the Arpe prosthesis can be considered in selected patients who require greater strength and range of motion, although it has been associated with a higher complications rate. [
Orthopedics.
2017; 40(4):e681–e686.]
Modeling the Deformation of FCC Nickel Nanowires which Contain Hydrogen Atoms
Authors: Starostenkov Mikhail D. , Yashin Oleg V. , Yashin Alexander V.
Published: May 2017

Using the method of molecular dynamics, FCC Ni nanowires containing hydrogen atoms in octahedral and tetrahedral pores are investigated in the course of high-speed uniaxial tensile loading along the direction <001>. The feature of structural transformations in Ni nanowires containing hydrogen is appearance on the stage of plastic deformation globular (spherical) formations consisting of hydrogen atoms
Boreal ground-beetle (Coleoptera: Carabidae) assemblages of the mainland and islands in Lac la Ronge, Saskatchewan, Canada
Authors: Bell Aaron J. , Phillips Iain D. , Nielsen Scott E. , Spence John R.
Published: May 2017

We tested the applicability of the “passive sampling” hypothesis and theory of island biogeography (TIB) for explaining the diversity of forest-dwelling carabid assemblages (Carabidae: Coleoptera) on 30 forested islands (0.2–980.7 ha) in Lac la Ronge and the adjacent mainland in Saskatchewan, Canada. Species richness per unit area increased with distance to mainland with diversity being highest on the most isolated islands. We detected neither a positive species-area relationship, nor significant differences in species richness among island size classes, or between islands and the mainland. Nonetheless, carabid assemblages distinctly differed on islands <1 ha in area and gradually approached the structure of mainland assemblages as island area increased. Small islands were characterised by abundant populations of small-bodied, winged species and few if any large-bodied, flightless species likeCarabus taedatusFabricius. Our findings suggest that neither the “passive sampling” hypothesis nor the theory of island biogeography adequately explain carabid beetle diversity patterns observed among islands in Lac la Ronge. Instead, we hypothesise that population processes such as higher extinction rates of large-bodied, flightless species and the associated release of smaller-bodied, flying species from intra-guild predation on small islands contribute to observed differences in the structure of carabid assemblages between islands.
The sero-prevalence and sero-incidence of African horse sickness and equine encephalosis in selected horse and donkey populations in Zimbabwe
Authors: Gordon Stuart J.G. , Bolwell Charlotte , Rogers Chris W. , Musuka Godfrey , Kelly Patrick , Guthrie Alan , Mellor Philip S. , Hamblin Christopher
Published: May 2017

Sentinel herds and samples submitted by private equine practitioners were used to determine the sero-prevalence and sero-incidence of African horse sickness virus (AHSV) and equine encephalosis virus (EEV) in horse and donkey populations in the Highveld region of Zimbabwe. The sero-prevalence and sero-incidence of antibodies against these viruses were determined using the competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of serum antibodies. In donkeys, the median sero-prevalence of AHSV antibodies, across the three rainy seasons under study, was 75% (inter quartile range [IQR] 67–83), with a seasonal median sero-incidence of 45% (IQR 40–63). In horses, the median sero-prevalence of EEV antibodies was 63% (IQR 21–73), with a median seasonal sero-incidence of 10.5% (IQR 10–14), while in donkeys the median sero-prevalence of EEV antibodies was 80% (IQR 67–90), with a median seasonal sero-incidence of 50% (IQR 40–60). This study highlighted the significant levels of exposure of donkeys to AHSV and horses and donkeys to EEV in Zimbabwe despite equine encephalosis remaining unreported by Zimbabwean veterinarians to date. Most seroconversions in sentinel herd animals to AHSV and EEV occurred towards the end of the rainy season in March, April and May corresponding to the time of the year when the Culicoides vectors are in high abundance. In order to determine the clinical significance of these infections, blood and spleen samples, submitted by private equine veterinary practitioners over a 5-year period, from horses showing characteristic clinical signs of African horse sickness were tested for the presence of viral antigen using the antigen capture ELISA. The median sero-prevalence of AHSV antigen in horses recorded from these samples was 38% (IQR 33–88). The predominant AHSV antigen from these samples was serotype 7 (33%) followed by serotype 2 (26%) and serotypes 4 and 8 (16% each). African horse sickness virus serotypes 3 and 9, identified in this study, had not been previously reported in Zimbabwe.
Micrometric Study and Random Amplified Polymorphic Deoxyribonucleic Acid Analysis of Wattakaka volubilis (Linn. f.) Stapf. Leaves
Authors: Naik Raghavendra , Harisha CR , Acharya Rabinarayan
Published: May 2017

The leaves of Jīvantī are considered to be the best among the vegetables in the classical texts of Ayurveda. In some parts of India, Wattakaka volubilis (Linn. f.) Stapf. is used in the name of JTvantT for treatment of pyoderma, fever, cough, cold, rheumatic pain, diabetes, eye diseases, snake bite etc. The present study deals with the micrometric evaluation and molecular characterization of Wattakaka volubilis (Linn. f.) Stapf. leaves by random amplified polymorphic deoxyribonucleic acid (RAPD) markers by following standard parameters. Morphological study showed that leaves are 6.5–14 × 4.5–11 cm, in size, broadly ovate or suborbicular with reticulate venation. Transverse section of petiole measures about 2.7 μm, showing single-layered epidermis with multicellular, warty trichomes. Cortex contains chloroplast and several prismatic and rosette crystals. Section through midrib measures about 3.4 × 3.2 μm, having centrally located bicollateral vascular bundle supported by ground tissue. Powder microscopy showed the presence of multicellular and glandular trichomes, paracytic stomata, rosette crystals of calcium oxalate, oil globules and chlorophyll pigments. In RAPD analysis, all the 10 primers showed good amplification. The unique bright and light bands obtained in polymerase chain reaction amplification along with quantitative pharmacognostical characters can be considered as a measure for authentication and standardization of the plant.
Influence of Farm Yard Manure, Farm Yard Manure + Urea, and Urea on Crop Yield in Prishnaparni (Uraria picta Desv. ex DC.)
Authors: Kiran Usha
Published: May 2017

To evaluate the effect of farm yard manure (FYM) alone, FYM + urea, and urea alone on the growth and yield of Uraria picta Desv. ex DC. with two physicochemically different soils of Bundelkhand region, pot experiment was conducted during 2010 to 2011 and 2014 to 2015. FYM + urea applied in 50:50 ratio of nitrogen (N) gave best results as compared with the other treatments for crop yield in both the types of soils. Highest dry matter yield of 18.62 gm/pot was obtained during the year 2010 to 2011 and 24.33 gm/pot was obtained during the year 2014 to 2015 when FYM + urea was treated in black soil. The FYM alone and urea alone yielded dry matter of 16.03 gm/pot and 15.55 gm/pot respectively, during the year 2010 to 2011. Trends for the increase in dry matter yield were similar during both the years of study. In red soil also, dry matter yield was highest (10.23 gm/pot) during the year 2010 to 2011 and (14.33 gm/pot) 2014 to 2015 when FYM + urea was applied. The FYM + urea in 50:50 ratio is the best for the growth of Uraria picta. Desv. ex DC.

How to cite this article

Kiran U. Influence of Farm Yard Manure, Farm Yard Manure + Urea, and Urea on Crop Yield in Prishnaparni (Uraria picta Desv. ex DC.). J Drug Res Ayurvedic Sci 2017;2(1):30-33.
Reflexiones literarias de escritores en lengua alemana desde el exilio en México en la revista Freies deutschland (Alemania Libre)
Authors: Cañadas García Teresa
Published: May 2017

Los escritores alemanes que llegaron durante el exilio a México lograron fundar una editorial, un club teatral, asociaciones culturales y varios periódicos y revistas. Una de ellas fue la revista Freies Deutschland (Alemania Libre), de contenido político pero también artístico y literario. En ella se publicaron, de mano de los propios escritores alemanes, numerosas reflexiones en torno a la producción literaria en el exilio que nos ayudan a entender en qué medida la guerra influyó en los escritores de habla alemana y, a su vez, en los procesos de creación literaria de esa época.
L’enseignement de l’arabe L2 entre l’héritage et la nouveauté en didactique des langues vivantes
Authors: Alnassan Abidrabbo
Published: May 2017

Cet article a pour objet la problématique de la constitution du contenu lexical des manuels d’enseignement de l’arabe L2 de l’Institut supérieur des langues de l’Université de Damas (Syrie). Le contenu actuel représente l'approche classique du lexique, qui se focalise sur le sens des mots et des expressions alors que les fonctionnalités communicatives de ces éléments langagiers sont peu traitées. L’analyse proposée montre les points de faiblesse dans la présente constitution des manuels utilisés. Elle s’appuie sur les critères du Cadre européen commun de référence pour les langues (CECRL) et des référentiels des Niveaux pour le français, qui proposent une approche plus adaptée pour la préparation du lexique dans les manuels récents d’enseignement des langues vivantes. Cette analyse peut servir de modèle pour revaloriser les manuels d’autres institutions qui conservent encore l’ancienne tradition de la didactique des langues.
Book Review. Linguistic Ethnography: Interdisciplinary Explorations, edited by Snell, Julia, Shaw, Sara and Fiona Copland (2015). Palgrave MacMillan
Authors: Bradley Jessica
Published: May 2017

Linguistic Ethnography: Interdisciplinary Explorations, edited by Julia Snell, Sara Shaw and Fiona Copland, offers an insight into Linguistic Ethnography (LE) informed methodologies and epistemologies across a broad range of disciplines and sectors.
An interview with James Simpson on translanguaging and ESOL
Authors: Vollmer Stefan
Published: May 2017

The author interviewed Dr. James Simpson of the University of Leeds in spring 2017 about translanguaging and ESOL.
La desaparición - o tal vez no - de la Educación de personas adultas. El caso de Andalucía
Authors: Lucio-Villegas Emilio
Published: May 2017

The Missing - or maybe not - of Adult Education. The case of Andalusia, SpainEste artículo trata de considerar las diferencias entre los conceptos de Aprendizaje a lo largo de la vida y Educación de personas adultas, prestando especial atención a la evolución de la educación de personas adultas en Andalucía (Sur de España). Desde 1982, Andalucía tiene completa autonomía para legislar en educación. Desde esa fecha se desarrolló un proyecto para superar las altas tasas de analfabetismo, desarrollando un plan específico en el campo de la educación de personas adultas íntimamente ligado con los ayuntamientos y las comunidades: el llamado modelo territorial. Desde 1990 hay un cambio radical en las políticas en educación de personas adultas. Los años 90 representan un cambio que marca un nuevo modelo de educación de personas adultas caracterizado por tomar distancia de las comunidades y centrarse más en el curriculum escolar.
La passion du banal
Authors: Biron Michel
Published: May 2017

Les fictions de Gilles Marcotte n’ont pas la notoriété de ses essais, mais elles constituent une part essentielle de son oeuvre. Leur originalité est double : d’un côté, elles ont en commun de mettre en scène des personnages de peu d’ambition portés par « la passion du banal ». D’un autre côté, ces romans et ces nouvelles prennent toutes sortes de liberté à l’égard des conventions réalistes, rejoignant par là le goût de l’inachevé, du discontinu et de l’indéterminé que Gilles Marcotte a associé, dans ses essais, au « roman à l’imparfait ». L’élégance et la précision qui caractérisent l’écriture de l’essayiste se manifestent tout autant à travers les ruses du romancier, qui ne cesse de casser l’image trop commode, trop simple que nous aimons avoir des autres ou de nous-mêmes. Il casse ainsi sa propre image, et c’est possiblement cette liberté de mêler les genres, de ne pas être là où on l’attend, de s’étonner soi-même, qui donne à ses fictions une forme de nécessité.
M. Marcotte, Gilles, la sociocritique, l’École de Montréal, le CRIST, et pour suivre…
Authors: Popovic Pierre
Published: May 2017

Unissant le théorique et le souvenir, cet article relie la pensée de Gilles Marcotte à des traits de sa personnalité. Il met en évidence les qualités d’un professeur qui va directement aux mots et enseigne à « lire vraiment un texte » ; l’originalité d’un critique pour qui l’écrivain voit le monde sous l’angle dynamique de la lecture ; l’acuité d’un homme de culture qui inscrit toujours la création littéraire, celle des autres autant que la sienne, dans une durée de laquelle elle est traversée mais à laquelle elle donne sens ; la passion d’un lecteur boulimique pour des oeuvres qu’il aime avec une empathie mêlée d’exigence ; la rigueur bienveillante du directeur de thèse ; l’art d’une conversation qui ne néglige jamais l’humour. Il souligne ensuite son apport décisif à la sociocritique, son aval à la reconnaissance de « L’École de Montréal » et son appui à la fondation du CRIST (Centre de recherche interuniversitaire de sociocritique des textes).
Semantic Meaning in Attitudinal Lexemes in the Domain of Kesenangan (Joy) in Indonesian: An Analysis of Meaning Components and Lexical Relation
Authors: Gusti Yanti Prima , Zabadi Fairul
Published: May 2017

The attitudinal lexeme on the domain of kesenangan in Indonesia language has not shown such clear meaning relationship, for both the common and diagnostic meaning of the lexemes. Those lexemes have such circular definitions, confusing upon their use. This study is conducted using a qualitative research approach employing content analysis technique. The aim of this study is to find out lexical relation and semantic meaning in attitudinal lexeme in the domain of kesenangan (joy) in Indonesian language. Data is collected from seven Indonesian dictionaries, two magazines, five newspapers, and six literary works. All data is analyzed using a component analysis in the semantic theory. The research findings show that fourteen (14) lexemes (senang, nikmat, enak, puas, asyik, sukacita, ria, bangga, lega, bahagia, gembira, girang, riang, and ceria) of attitudinal lexemes are related with the domain of kesenangan. The result shows that hyponymy and synonymy lexical relations occur in the domain of kesenangan. Synonymy relation consists of near-synonymy and propositional synonymy. In this case, absolute synonymy is not found.
Formatting Open Science: agilely creating multiple document formats for academic manuscripts with Pandoc Scholar
Authors: Krewinkel Albert , Winkler Robert
Published: May 2017

The timely publication of scientific results is essential for dynamic advances in science. The ubiquitous availability of computers which are connected to a global network made the rapid and low-cost distribution of information through electronic channels possible. New concepts, such as Open Access publishing and preprint servers are currently changing the traditional print media business towards a community-driven peer production. However, the cost of scientific literature generation, which is either charged to readers, authors or sponsors, is still high. The main active participants in the authoring and evaluation of scientific manuscripts are volunteers, and the cost for online publishing infrastructure is close to negligible. A major time and cost factor is the formatting of manuscripts in the production stage. In this article we demonstrate the feasibility of writing scientific manuscripts in plain markdown (MD) text files, which can be easily converted into common publication formats, such as PDF, HTML or EPUB, using Pandoc. The simple syntax of Markdown assures the long-term readability of raw files and the development of software and workflows. We show the implementation of typical elements of scientific manuscripts—formulas, tables, code blocks and citations—and present tools for editing, collaborative writing and version control. We give an example on how to prepare a manuscript with distinct output formats, a DOCX file for submission to a journal, and a LATEX/PDF version for deposition as a PeerJ preprint. Further, we implemented new features for supporting ‘semantic web’ applications, such as the ‘journal article tag suite’—JATS, and the ‘citation typing ontology’—CiTO standard. Reducing the work spent on manuscript formatting translates directly to time and cost savings for writers, publishers, readers and sponsors. Therefore, the adoption of the MD format contributes to the agile production of open science literature. Pandoc Scholar is freely available fromhttps://github.com/pandoc-scholar.
SENTENCIA T-507/16 DEL TRIBUNAL CONSTITUCIONAL DE COLOMBIA RELATIVA A LA REVISIÓN DEL TRÁMITE DE TUTELA FORMULADA POR RUBÉN DARÍO ÁLVAREZ TORO COMO AGENTE OFICIOSO CONTRA CLÍNICA LAS AMÉRICAS Y OTROS
Authors:   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Ibarra Infante Francisca
Published: May 2017

La Corte Constitucional de Colombia sometió a revisión el caso de una persona que solicitó a un laboratorio de patología y a la administración pública respectiva la devolución de su pierna izquierda que había sido amputada mediante un procedimiento quirúrgico. El accionante pretendía someter la extremidad a un proceso de plastinación para que luego fuera inhumada con el resto de su cuerpo al momento de su muerte de acuerdo a su profunda convicción, asociada a la práctica de la religión católica, de que su cuerpo debe reposar completo en campo santo con miras a la vida futura y la resurrección. Sin embargo, la Clínica se negó a la petición, basándose en la legislación vigente, por lo que el demandante decidió interponer una acción de tutela, la que fue fallada contra sus pretensiones argumentándose que no podía arriesgarse la salubridad pública por proteger los derechos del actor. La Corte decidió revisar el fallo dictado y finalmente dictaminó que había existido una vulneración de los derechos fundamentales del actor, estimando además que tanto las entidades recurridas como el juez podrían haber intentado llegar a un acuerdo acerca del procedimiento para realizar la desactivación de la extremidad amputada que garantizara tanto la salubridad pública como el respeto a las creencias del accionante.
Resolution dependence of extreme precipitation and deep convection over the Gulf Stream
Authors: Scher Sebastian , Haarsma Reindert J. , de Vries Hylke , Drijfhout Sybren S. , van Delden Aarnout J.
Published: May 2017

Modeled wintertime precipitation over the Atlantic Gulf Stream region is shown to be sensitive to the horizontal resolution of the driving Global Circulation Model (GCM). By contrasting simulations with the EC‐Earth GCM over a range of horizontal resolutions (T159, T319, T799), it is shown that especially the precipitation extremes become more populated if resolution is higher. Higher resolution also appears to strengthen the communication from the sea surface toward the troposphere. With increasing resolution, deep convection over the Gulf Stream region, diagnosed via wind‐convergence and vertical motion, occurs more frequently and the former is in better agreement with observations. Likewise the frequency increase of the precipitation extremes over the region for increasing resolution makes them agree better with observations, despite large natural variability and discrepancies between different observational sources.
Geochemical evolution of the Critical Zone across variable time scales informs concentration‐discharge relationships: Jemez River Basin Critical Zone Observatory
Authors: McIntosh Jennifer C. , Schaumberg Courtney , Perdrial Julia , Harpold Adrian , Vázquez‐Ortega Angélica , Rasmussen Craig , Vinson David , Zapata‐Rios Xavier , Brooks Paul D. , Meixner Thomas , Pelletier Jon , Derry Louis , Chorover Jon
Published: May 2017

This study investigates the influence of water, carbon, and energy fluxes on solute production and transport through the Jemez Critical Zone (CZ) and impacts on C‐Q relationships over variable spatial and temporal scales. Chemical depletion‐enrichment profiles of soils, combined with regolith thickness and groundwater data indicate the importance to stream hydrochemistry of incongruent dissolution of silicate minerals during deep bedrock weathering, which is primarily limited by water fluxes, in this highly fractured, young volcanic terrain. Under high flow conditions (e.g., spring snowmelt), wetting of soil and regolith surfaces and presence of organic acids promote mineral dissolution and provide a constant supply of base cations, Si, and DIC to soil water and groundwater. Mixing of waters from different hydrochemical reservoirs in the near stream environment during “wet” periods leads to the chemostatic behavior of DIC, base cations, and Si in stream flow. Metals transported by organic matter complexation (i.e., Ge, Al) and/or colloids (i.e., Al) during periods of soil saturation and lateral connectivity to the stream display a positive relationship with Q. Variable Si‐Q relationships, under all but the highest flow conditions, can be explained by nonconservative transport and precipitation of clay minerals, which influences long versus short‐term Si weathering fluxes. By combining measurements of the CZ obtained across different spatial and temporal scales, we were able to constrain weathering processes in different hydrological reservoirs that may be flushed to the stream during hydrologic events, thereby informing C‐Q relationships.
The formation of gold‐rich seafloor sulfide deposits: Evidence from the Beebe hydrothermal vent field, Cayman Trough
Authors: Webber Alexander P. , Roberts Stephen , Murton Bramley J. , Mills Rachel A. , Hodgkinson Matthew R. S.
Published: May 2017

The Beebe vent field (BVF) in the Cayman Trough has built an auriferous massive sulfide deposit on the ultraslow spreading mid‐Cayman spreading center. The genesis of auriferous sulfide deposits at mid‐ocean ridges is not fully understood, although there is a growing recognition that slow and ultraslow spreading centers are conducive to gold mineralization. Analysis of hydrothermal precipitates from the BVF indicates that the highest gold contents are present within “beehive diffusers,” which have developed a highly porous pyrrhotite framework. The beehive structure allows vent fluids to effuse slowly while allowing ingress of seawater to cool the fluid. The prevalence of pyrrhotite in the beehive samples, lack of sulfates, association between pyrrhotite and gold grains, and results of thermodynamic modeling suggest gold precipitation occurred under highly reduced conditions even during mixing with seawater. In contrast, high‐temperature chimneys, with a single orifice, maintain high temperatures to the primary vent orifice and much of the gold is lost to seawater. Despite this, both chimney types are relatively gold‐enriched, which points to a further underlying cause for high gold at the BVF such as interaction of hydrothermal fluids with ultramafic lithologies in the basement. The final gold composition of the deposit is partially controlled by loss of gold during mass‐wasting of the material, with gold depletion most prevalent in blocks formed at beehive‐type chimneys. The BVF demonstrates that the overall gold content of a massive sulfide deposit is the sum of basement, precipitation, and surface processes.
Finite‐fault slip model of the 2016 Mw 7.5 Chiloé earthquake, southern Chile, estimated from Sentinel‐1 data
Authors: Xu Wenbin
Published: May 2017

Subduction earthquakes have been widely studied in the Chilean subduction zone, but earthquakes occurring in its southern part have attracted less research interest primarily due to its lower rate of seismic activity. Here I use Sentinel‐1 interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) data and range offset measurements to generate coseismic crustal deformation maps of the 2016 Mw 7.5 Chiloé earthquake in southern Chile. I find a concentrated crustal deformation with ground displacement of approximately 50 cm in the southern part of the Chiloé island. The best fitting fault model shows a pure thrust‐fault motion on a shallow dipping plane orienting 4° NNE. The InSAR‐determined moment is 2.4 × 1020 Nm with a shear modulus of 30 GPa, equivalent to Mw 7.56, which is slightly lower than the seismic moment. The model shows that the slip did not reach the trench, and it reruptured part of the fault that ruptured in the 1960 Mw 9.5 earthquake. The 2016 event has only released a small portion of the accumulated strain energy on the 1960 rupture zone, suggesting that the seismic hazard of future great earthquakes in southern Chile is high.
Multidecadal variability and climate shift in the North Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Seidov Dan , Mishonov Alexey , Reagan James , Parsons Rost
Published: May 2017

Decadal variability of ocean heat content (OHC) and temperature trends over ~60 years in the North Atlantic Ocean were analyzed using a new high‐resolution ocean climatology based on quality‐controlled historic in situ observations. Тwo ~30 year ocean climates of 1955–1984 and 1985–2012 were compared to evaluate the climate shift in this region. The spatial distribution of the OHC climate shift is highly inhomogeneous, with the climate shift being the strongest southeast of the Gulf Stream Extension. This may be caused by the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation slowdown in conjunction with heaving of warm subtropical water. The 30 year climate shift shows higher OHC gain in the Gulf Stream region than reported in shorter timescale estimates. The OHC change is generally coherent with the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation index. This coherence suggests that quasi‐cyclicity of the OHC may exist, with a period of 60 to 80 years, superimposed on the slow basin‐wide warming trend.
Fostering Analytic Metacognitive Processes and Reducing Overconfidence by Disfluency: The Role of Contrast Effects
Authors: Pieger Elisabeth , Mengelkamp Christoph , Bannert Maria
Published: May 2017

Overconfidence leads to premature termination of study and, thus, to decreased performance. The aim of the present study is to improve students' monitoring and control. We assume that disfluency fosters analytic metacognitive processes and thus reduces overconfidence. However, we expect that contrast effects moderate the fluency effects on metacognitive processes because disfluency activates analytic metacognitive processes not only for disfluent but also for succeeding fluent learning material. To test our hypotheses, university students (N = 75) learned either with a fluent text first and afterward a disfluent text or with a disfluent text first and afterward a fluent text. The results show fluency effects on control, monitoring, and monitoring accuracy only when students learned with a fluent and afterward a disfluent text. Performance was worse for disfluent than for fluent texts in both conditions. Therefore, instructional settings that help students to implement accurate monitoring into better control and better performance are required. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Skeletal Muscle Fat and Its Association With Physical Function in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Khoja Samannaaz S. , Moore Charity G. , Goodpaster Bret H. , Delitto Anthony , Piva Sara R.
Published: May 2017

Objective

To characterize skeletal muscle fat (SMF), intermuscular adipose tissue (IMAT), and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) in individuals with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and assess the associations between these fat depots and physical function and physical activity.

Methods

In a cross‐sectional analysis from an RA cohort, SMF, IMAT, and SAT were measured using computed tomography imaging of the midthigh cross‐sectional region. Physical function was measured using the Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) and a battery of performance‐based tests that included quadriceps muscle strength, gait speed, repeated chair‐stands, stair ascent, and single‐leg stance. Physical activity was assessed using an activity monitor. Associations between SMF, IMAT, and SAT and physical function and activity were assessed by multiple linear regression models adjusted for potential confounders such as age, sex, body mass index (BMI), muscle area, and muscle strength.

Results

Sixty subjects with RA (82% female, mean ± SD age 59 ± 10 years, mean ± SD BMI 31.79 ± 7.16 kg/m2) were included. In the adjusted models, lower SMF was associated with greater gait speed, single‐leg stance, quadriceps strength, and physical activity, and less disability (R2Δ range 0.06–0.25; P < 0.05), whereas IMAT was not associated with physical function or physical activity and SAT was negatively associated with disability (HAQ) (R2Δ = 0.13; P < 0.05) and weakly but positively associated with muscle strength (R2Δ = 0.023; P < 0.05).

Conclusion

Fat infiltration within the muscle seems to independently contribute to low physical function and physical activity, contrary to IMAT or SAT accumulation. Longitudinal studies are necessary to confirm the impact of SMF on disability and health promotion in persons with RA.
Injectable and Tunable Gelatin Hydrogels Enhance Stem Cell Retention and Improve Cutaneous Wound Healing
Authors: Dong Yixiao , A Sigen , Rodrigues Melanie , Li Xiaolin , Kwon Sun H. , Kosaric Nina , Khong Sacha , Gao Yongsheng , Wang Wenxin , Gurtner Geoffrey C.
Published: May 2017

Stem cells have shown substantial promise for various diseases in preclinical and clinical trials. However, low cell engraftment rates significantly limit the clinical translation of stem cell therapeutics. Numerous injectable hydrogels have been developed to enhance cell retention. Yet, the design of an ideal material with tunable properties that can mimic different tissue niches and regulate stem cell behaviors remains an unfulfilled promise. Here, an injectable poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)–gelatin hydrogel is designed with highly tunable properties, from a multifunctional PEG‐based hyperbranched polymer and a commercially available thiolated gelatin. Spontaneous gelation occurs within about 2 min under the physiological condition. Murine adipose‐derived stem cells (ASCs) can be easily encapsulated into the hydrogel, which supports ASC growth and maintains their stemness. The hydrogel mechanical properties, biodegradability, and cellular responses can be finely controlled by changing hydrogel formulation and cell seeding densities. An animal study shows that the in situ formed hydrogel significantly improves cell retention, enhances angiogenesis, and accelerates wound closure using a murine wound healing model. These data suggest that injectable PEG–gelatin hydrogel can be used for regulating stem cell behaviors in 3D culture, delivering cells for wound healing and other tissue regeneration applications.
Osmotic Pressure Triggered Rapid Release of Encapsulated Enzymes with Enhanced Activity
Authors: Zhang Weixia , Abbaspourrad Alireza , Chen Dong , Campbell Elizabeth , Zhao Hong , Li Yiwei , Li Qingning , Weitz David A.
Published: May 2017

In this study, a single‐step microfluidic approach is reported for encapsulation of enzymes within microcapsules with ultrathin polymeric shell for controlled release triggered by an osmotic shock. Using a glass capillary microfluidic device, monodisperse water‐in‐oil‐in‐water double emulsion droplets are fabricated with enzymes in the core and an ultrathin middle oil layer that solidifies to produce a consolidated inert polymeric shell with a thickness of a few tens to hundreds of nanometers. Through careful design of microcapsule membranes, a high percentage of cargo release, over 90%, is achieved, which is triggered by osmotic shock when using poly(methyl methacrylate) as the shell material. Moreover, it is demonstrated that compared to free enzymes, the encapsulated enzyme activity is maintained well for as long as 47 days at room temperature. This study not only extends industrial applications of enzymes, but also offers new opportunities for encapsulation of a wide range of sensitive molecules and biomolecules that can be controllably released upon applying osmotic shock.
Mechanotransduction and Growth Factor Signalling to Engineer Cellular Microenvironments
Authors: Cipitria Amaia , Salmeron‐Sanchez Manuel
Published: May 2017

Engineering cellular microenvironments involves biochemical factors, the extracellular matrix (ECM) and the interaction with neighbouring cells. This progress report provides a critical overview of key studies that incorporate growth factor (GF) signalling and mechanotransduction into the design of advanced microenvironments. Materials systems have been developed for surface‐bound presentation of GFs, either covalently tethered or sequestered through physico‐chemical affinity to the matrix, as an alternative to soluble GFs. Furthermore, some materials contain both GF and integrin binding regions and thereby enable synergistic signalling between the two. Mechanotransduction refers to the ability of the cells to sense physical properties of the ECM and to transduce them into biochemical signals. Various aspects of the physics of the ECM, i.e. stiffness, geometry and ligand spacing, as well as time‐dependent properties, such as matrix stiffening, degradability, viscoelasticity, surface mobility as well as spatial patterns and gradients of physical cues are discussed. To conclude, various examples illustrate the potential for cooperative signalling of growth factors and the physical properties of the microenvironment for potential applications in regenerative medicine, cancer research and drug testing.
Large Magnetovolume Effect Induced by Embedding Ferromagnetic Clusters into Antiferromagnetic Matrix of Cobaltite Perovskite
Authors: Miao Ping , Lin Xiaohuan , Koda Akihiro , Lee Sanghyun , Ishikawa Yoshihisa , Torii Shuki , Yonemura Masao , Mochiku Takashi , Sagayama Hajime , Itoh Shinichi , Ikeda Kazutaka , Otomo Toshiya , Wang Yinxia , Kadono Ryosuke , Kamiyama Takashi
Published: May 2017

Materials that show negative thermal expansion (NTE) have significant industrial merit because they can be used to fabricate composites whose dimensions remain invariant upon heating. In some materials, NTE is concomitant with the spontaneous magnetization due to the magnetovolume effect (MVE). Here the authors report a new class of MVE material; namely, a layered perovskite PrBaCo2O5.5+x (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.41), in which strong NTE [β ≈ −3.6 × 10−5 K−1 (90–110 K) at x = 0.24] is triggered by embedding ferromagnetic (F) clusters into the antiferromagnetic (AF) matrix. The strongest MVE is found near the boundary between F and AF phases in the phase diagram, indicating the essential role of competition between the F‐clusters and the AF‐matrix. Furthermore, the MVE is not limited to the PrBaCo2O5.5+x but is also observed in the NdBaCo2O5.5+x. The present study provides a new approach to obtaining MVE and offers a path to the design of NTE materials.
Substrate Doping Effect and Unusually Large Angle van Hove Singularity Evolution in Twisted Bi‐ and Multilayer Graphene
Authors: Peng Han , Schröter Niels B. M. , Yin Jianbo , Wang Huan , Chung Ting‐Fung , Yang Haifeng , Ekahana Sandy , Liu Zhongkai , Jiang Juan , Yang Lexian , Zhang Teng , Chen Cheng , Ni Heng , Barinov Alexey , Chen Yong P. , Liu Zhongfan , Peng Hailin , Chen Yulin
Published: May 2017

Graphene has demonstrated great potential in new‐generation electronic applications due to its unique electronic properties such as large carrier Fermi velocity, ultrahigh carrier mobility, and high material stability. Interestingly, the electronic structures can be further engineered in multilayer graphene by the introduction of a twist angle between different layers to create van Hove singularities (vHSs) at adjustable binding energy. In this work, using angle‐resolved photoemission spectroscopy with sub‐micrometer spatial resolution, the band structures and their evolution are systematically studied with twist angle in bilayer and trilayer graphene sheets. A doping effect is directly observed in graphene multilayer system as well as vHSs in bilayer graphene over a wide range of twist angles (from 5° to 31°) with wide tunable energy range over 2 eV. In addition, the formation of multiple vHSs (at different binding energies) is also observed in trilayer graphene. The large tuning range of vHS binding energy in twisted multilayer graphene provides a promising material base for optoelectrical applications with broadband wavelength selectivity from the infrared to the ultraviolet regime, as demonstrated by an example application of wavelength selective photodetector.
Stepwise Crosslinking: A Facile Yet Versatile Conceptual Strategy to Nanomorphology‐Persistent Porous Organic Polymers
Authors: Liu Hao , Li Shimei , Yang Hongyu , Liu Shaohong , Chen Luyi , Tang Zhiwei , Fu Ruowen , Wu Dingcai
Published: May 2017

Both high surface areas and well‐orchestrated nanomorphologies are important for porous organic polymers (POPs). However, the two key characteristics are generally difficult to be satisfied simultaneously, because the common pore‐making procedures usually produce ill‐defined nanomorphologies or give rise to damage of precustomized nanomorphologies. Herein, a facile yet versatile stepwise crosslinking strategy for fabrication of POPs with an unusual nanomorphology‐persistent characteristic during pore‐making is reported. Polystyrene nanofibers and poly(styrene‐co‐divinylbenzene) nanosphere arrays are utilized as building blocks, and then transformed into nanofibrillar morphology‐persistent and ordered array morphology‐persistent POPs via stepwise crosslinking, respectively. The stepwise crosslinking strategy includes pre‐crosslinking and hypercrosslinking; the pre‐crosslinking in a carefully selected poor solvent of polystyrene forms a lowly crosslinked structure, which guarantees the stability of nanomorphology during the subsequent pore‐making via hypercrosslinking. The as‐obtained POPs can be used as precursors for novel well‐defined hyperporous carbon nanofibers and ordered carbon nanosphere arrays with excellent adsorption performances.
A Solution‐Processed Ultrafast Optical Switch Based on a Nanostructured Epsilon‐Near‐Zero Medium
Authors: Guo Qiangbing , Cui Yudong , Yao Yunhua , Ye Yuting , Yang Yue , Liu Xueming , Zhang Shian , Liu Xiaofeng , Qiu Jianrong , Hosono Hideo
Published: May 2017

All the optical properties of materials are derived from dielectric function. In spectral region where the dielectric permittivity approaches zero, known as epsilon‐near‐zero (ENZ) region, the propagating light within the material attains a very high phase velocity, and meanwhile the material exhibits strong optical nonlinearity. The interplay between the linear and nonlinear optical response in these materials thus offers unprecedented pathways for all‐optical control and device design. Here the authors demonstrate ultrafast all‐optical modulation based on a typical ENZ material of indium tin oxide (ITO) nanocrystals (NCs), accessed by a wet‐chemistry route. In the ENZ region, the authors find that the optical response in these ITO NCs is associated with a strong nonlinear character, exhibiting sub‐picosecond response time (corresponding to frequencies over 2 THz) and modulation depth up to ≈160%. This large optical nonlinearity benefits from the highly confined geometry in addition to the ENZ enhancement effect of the ITO NCs. Based on these ENZ NCs, the authors successfully demonstrate a fiber optical switch that allows switching of continuous laser wave into femtosecond laser pulses. Combined with facile processibility and tunable optical properties, these solution‐processed ENZ NCs may offer a scalable and printable material solution for dynamic photonic and optoelectronic devices.
Enhanced Solar‐to‐Hydrogen Generation with Broadband Epsilon‐Near‐Zero Nanostructured Photocatalysts
Authors: Tian Yi , García de Arquer Francisco Pelayo , Dinh Cao‐Thang , Favraud Gael , Bonifazi Marcella , Li Jun , Liu Min , Zhang Xixiang , Zheng Xueli , Kibria Md. Golam , Hoogland Sjoerd , Sinton David , Sargent Edward H. , Fratalocchi Andrea
Published: May 2017

The direct conversion of solar energy into fuels or feedstock is an attractive approach to address increasing demand of renewable energy sources. Photocatalytic systems relying on the direct photoexcitation of metals have been explored to this end, a strategy that exploits the decay of plasmonic resonances into hot carriers. An efficient hot carrier generation and collection requires, ideally, their generation to be enclosed within few tens of nanometers at the metal interface, but it is challenging to achieve this across the broadband solar spectrum. Here the authors demonstrate a new photocatalyst for hydrogen evolution based on metal epsilon‐near‐zero metamaterials. The authors have designed these to achieve broadband strong light confinement at the metal interface across the entire solar spectrum. Using electron energy loss spectroscopy, the authors prove that hot carriers are generated in a broadband fashion within 10 nm in this system. The resulting photocatalyst achieves a hydrogen production rate of 9.5 µmol h−1 cm−2 that exceeds, by a factor of 3.2, that of the best previously reported plasmonic‐based photocatalysts for the dissociation of H2 with 50 h stable operation.
Visualization Recording and Storage of Pressure Distribution through a Smart Matrix Based on the Piezotronic Effect
Authors: Han Xun , Du Weiming , Chen Mengxiao , Wang Xiandi , Zhang Xiaojia , Li Xiaoyi , Li Jing , Peng Zhengchun , Pan Caofeng , Wang Zhong Lin
Published: May 2017

Pressure sensors that can both directly visualize and record applied pressure/stress are essential for e‐skin and medical/health monitoring. Here, using a WO3‐film electrochromic device (ECD) array (10 × 10 pixels) and a ZnO‐nanowire‐matrix pressure sensor (ZPS), a pressure visualization and recording (PVR) system with a spatial resolution of 500 µm is developed. The distribution of external pressures can be recorded through the piezotronic effect from the ZPS and directly expressed by color changes in the ECD. Applying a local pressure can generate piezoelectric polarization charges at the two ends of the ZnO nanowires, which leads to the tuning of the current to be transported through the system and thus the color of the WO3 film. The coloration and bleaching process in the ECD component show good cyclic stability, and over 85% of the color contrast is maintained after 300 cycles. In this PVR system, the applied pressure can be recorded without the assistance of a computer because of the color memory effect of the WO3 material. Such systems are promising for applications in human‐electronic interfaces, military applications, and smart robots.