bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dynamics Analysis of Coupler Base on Spatial 7R Mechanism
Authors: Xu Ying , Duan Shou Yong , Zhang Zhong Yu
Published: December 2011

A simulation model of coupler based on spatial 7R mechanism is built up by using ADAMS. Kinematics and dynamics of the coupler are analyzed. Further analysis of the coupler stress during the coupler turning is conducted by ANSYS, which provides theoretical foundation for the design of the coupler. The analyzation of the kinematics and dynamics of the coupler by CAE simulation software lays a good foundation for the practical application and further analysis of the coupler.
Statistical Process Control Technology Applied in ERP System
Authors: Li Ying Ji , Ji Wei Xi
Published: December 2011

For the high and strict quality requirement in the manufacturing process of nuclear power parts, this paper is based on the combination of Statistical Process Control technology and the ERP quality management and control the production quality based on the control chart. PowerBuilder 9.0 and SQL Server2000 were used to design and develop the system while PowerBuilder 9.0 as front-end development tool and SQL Server2000 as back-end DBMS respectively. Firstly, collect the quality data of the production process (some important processes). Then, analysis these data and form control chart. Real-time monitor production process by the control charting to ensure the process is stability. Organic combination of SPC and ERP to improve and control the quality, not only enrich the analytical data of SPC, but also make up the ERP data to analysis and control quality data.
Structural Analysis and Design Optimization of a Selective Laser Sintering System
Authors: Shuai Ci Jun , Yang Bo , Nie Yi , Hu Huan Long , Peng Shu Ping , Zhou Ying
Published: December 2011

A three dimensional geometric model of a homemade selective laser sintering (SLS) system is simplified and imported into Ansys Finite Element Software for static and modal analysis. The analysis results show that the supporting base that holds up the laser system undergoes large deformations. The machining accuracy can hardly meet the high-precision requirements of sintered parts with complex internal and external geometries. A method is put forward for the structural optimization of the SLS system. The calculation results show that the bending deformation of the supporting base decreases by 73.2%, and the maximum stress also decreases significantly. It indicates that the high precision manufacturing can be achieved with the improved SLS system.
A Novel Predictive Control Strategy for Supply Chain Management under Networked Manufacturing
Authors: Dong Hai , Zhao Wei Ling , Li Yan Ping
Published: December 2011

A novel predictive control strategy is applied to dynamic supply chain management under networked manufacturing. The optimisation-based control scheme aims at a complete management framework for production-inventory systems that is based on model predictive control (MPC) and on a neural network time series forecasting model. The model proves to be very useful in production-inventory systems that is enough to keep production and inventory balance. A move suppression term that penalises the rate of change in the transported quantities through the network increases the system’s robustness. The results show that the proposed scheme can improve significantly the performance of the production-inventory system, due to the fact that more accurate predictions are provided to the formulation of the MPC optimization problem in real time.
Complete Information Dynamic Game Analysis in Tacit Knowledge Sharing Process within Modern Companies
Authors: Fu Jing , Li Yan Hui , Wang Xue Dong
Published: December 2011

In an era of knowledge economy, building an internal knowledge baseis is one of basic conditions to improve competitiveness and to develop sustainablely for modern companies . In this paper, we develop a complete information dynamic game model on this problem and analyze the strategic behavior of the risk averse participators to find out the subgame perfect Nash equilibrium from perspective of individual employees. We also offer some managerial recommendations on how to balance individual interest and collective interests in modern companies. At last, a series of corresponding management enlightenments are given out based on the above analysis.
Realization of NURBS for Cranium in a Laser Sintering Machine
Authors: Zhuang Jing Yu , Liu De Fu , Gao Cheng De , Hu Huan Long , Wang Li , Shuai Ci Jun , Peng Shu Ping
Published: December 2011

It is an issue in the application of Non-Uniform Rational B-Spline (NURBS) how to achieve the characteristic parameters based on a given curve. In this work, the parameterization method of accumulated chord length is used to construct the knot vector. The tangent vector is chosen as the boundary condition. The characteristic parameters including the control points, the knot vector and the weights are calculated according to the key points and corresponding weights of a given curve. An example of NURBS interpolation for cranium is given based on a selective laser sintering (SLS) machine. The characteristic parameters are obtained with Rhino software. The NURBS interpolation for cranium is realized using these characteristic parameters in the SLS machine. The results show that the practical sintering curve is coincident with the given curve.
The Brake Device Design for Children Two-Wheel Dynamic Scooter
Authors: Yi Xue Feng , He Li Jun
Published: December 2011

Children scooter safety performance is not good enough in the market, the cause of the majority of injuries to children is difficult to control the speed or emergency braking. According to the phenomenon, this paper focuses on designing dynamic scooter brake device for 8-10 child, we conceive that the brake device is given the force of the rolling friction and the sliding friction, so it can play a dual brake effect. It will enhance the security and stability of children dynamic scooter.
Structural Parameters Optimization of Excavator Working Device Based on Mining Process
Authors: Sui Tian Zhong , Wang Lei , Tan Zhen , Jia Pei Chao
Published: December 2011

With a view to the whole digging process, a multi-objective optimization model based on digging process is established. Applying the mind of system theory and complex optimization method, taking model P&H2800XP excavator for example, the structure parameter optimization of its working device is accomplished. The rational parameters obtained from this. Comparing with an original model, optimized results are ideal comparatively and the performance is improved.
Research on Environmental Friendly Floatation Agent
Authors: Xie Wei Wei , He Xiao Wei , Huang Kai Wu , Zhang Yu Ran , Liu Cong Kun
Published: December 2011

A newly developed coal flotation collector EDO and its flotation characteristics for three Shanxi different coals were introduced in this paper. EDO was an emulsion composed by diesel oil, water and independent development surfactant PGS. Compared flotation experiments show that, at the same dosage, EDO gives 2~5% combustile material recovery promotion than typical collector with only a slightly ash content increment, but saving over 70% diesel oil, and improves the floatation speed. EDO could promote the dispersion of diesel oil in the slurry, so that the efficiency of floatation was improved. The flotation results showed that the EDO had the characteristics of excellent performance, high selectivity and good stability.
Thermal-Mechanical Coupled Numerical Simulation of Heat Pulp Mould
Authors: Yang De Zhi , Zhou Zhao Yao , Cao Wen Jiong , He Yi
Published: December 2011

3D thermal-mechanical coupled numerical simulation of heat pulp mould was carried out. The numerical simulation result shows the rising up process of mould temperature. Temperature distribution contours shows the temperature status on the mould. Temperature distribution results provide reliable guarantee to change the mould structure, so that the temperature distribution on surface becomes uniform. Displacement contours show the mould deformation under the coupled effect of hot temperature and mechanical pressure. The displacement value of nodes can offer reference size to scale mould at the design stage. As a result, high accuracy mould will be manufactured, and this will improve the passing rare of product.
Phase-Field Numerical Simulation of Pure Free Dendritic Growth Using Wheeler and Karma Model
Authors: Chen Yun , Xiao Na Min , Kang Xiu Hong , Li Dian Zhong
Published: December 2011

To understand the dendrite formation during solidification phase-field model has become a powerful numerical method of simulating crystal growth in recent years. Two phase-field models due to Wheeler et al. and Karma et al., respectively, have been employed for modeling the dendrite growth worldwidely. The comparison of the two models was performed. Then using the adaptive finite element method, both models were solved to simulate a free dendrite growing from highly undercooled melts of nickel at various undercoolings. The simulated results showed that the discrepancy between the two phase-field models is negligible. Careful comparison of the phase-filed simulations with LKT(BCT) theory and experimental data were carried out, which demonstrated that the phase-field models are able to quantitatively simulate the dendrite growth of nickel at low undercoolings, however, at undercoolings above ten percent of the melting point (around 180K), the simulated velocities by Wheeler and Karma model as well as the analytical predictions overestimated the reported experiment results.
Synthesis, Characterization and Sustained Release Properties of Zinc-Aluminium-9-Hydroxy-9-Flourenecarboxylate Nanocomposite
Authors: Sarijo Siti Halimah , Ahmad A , Jubri Z.
Published: December 2011

Zn-Al-9-hydroxy-9-flourenecarboxylate-layered double hydroxide, ZAF nanocomposite was successfully synthesized by direct self-assembly method with Zn to Al molar ratio, R = 4 and 0.4 M 9-hydroxy-9-flourenecarboxylate, 9H9F. Due to the inclusion of a new anion, 9H9F basal spacing expanded from 8.9 Å in the Zn-Al-layered double hydroxide, ZAL to 13.2 Å in the ZAF. The FTIR spectra of the hybrid nanocomposite show resemblance peaks of the ZAL and 9H9F indicating the inclusion of the organic compound into the LDH interlamellae. The percentage loading of 9H9F was found to be 75.9 % (w/w). Sustained release of 9H9F from ZAF into various aqueous solutions was found to be dependent on the incoming anion, with the percentage saturated release of 94%, 72%, and 15% in sodium phosphate, sodium sulfate and sodium chloride aqueous solution 0.0005 M, respectively. This study indicates that ZAL can be used as a host carrier for plant growth regulator, 9H9F with sustained release capability.
Study on the Bearing Flexible Assembly by Three Joints Robot
Authors: Zhang Jian Hua , Fu Da Wei , Zhang Xiao Jun
Published: December 2011

Assembly is an important process in the manufacturing processes. For the badly self-adaptive and flexibility, the stuck phenomena and inefficient are often occurred with certain the assembly precision and fit, by using the robot for assembly. In this paper, the kinematics analysis of the three joints robot, which is used to assembly the bearing, is analyzed; the end joint movement angle formula is calculated. The force sensor is used during the assembly process. To ensure the assembly process, a new way is proposed to find the compliant assembly centre, which help the assembly robot to complicate the assemble process. The bearing assembly process is introduced by the three joint robots system.
Pd Nanocrystals-Embedded TiO2 Film Sandwiched Between Al2O3 Layers for Nonvolatile Memory Applications
Authors: Huang Wan Yi , Chen Hong Bing , Chen Sun , Ding Shi Jin , Zhang David Wei
Published: December 2011

Pd nanocrystals embedded in TiO2film are formed in a self-assembly manner by rapid thermal annealing (RTA) of reactively co-sputtered TiPdO films. The cross-section transmission-electron microscopy (TEM) image and X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS) reveal that the RTA at 800°C for 15 s results in the formation of Pd nanocrystals with an average size of around 10 nm. Further, the metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) capacitor with Pd-nanocrystals-embedded TiO2film sandwiched between Al2O3layers has been fabricated and characterized electrically in comparison with the counterpart without Pd nanocrystals, indicating that the formed Pd nanocrystals are dominant charge storage nodes. The fabricated MOS capacitor with Pd nanocrystals exhibits obvious memory characteristics, demonstrating a C-V hysteresis window of about 8.2 V at the sweeping voltage rang of +/-9 V, a flatband voltage shift of ~2V under a constant voltage stress of +9V for 10ns corresponding to a charge injection speed of 6×1012cm-2μs-1. The underlying mechanisms of the memory characteristics under different C-V sweeps have also been discussed.
Simulation on the Regulating Characteristics of the Pulse Modulation Hydraulic Hammer
Authors: Wang Gang , Cen Yu Wan
Published: December 2011

To improve the regulating characteristics of impact energy, simplify structure of hydraulic hammer, a new pulse modulation hydraulic hammer is presented in the paper which can help regulate its impact frequency easily. The motion equations of the hydraulic hammer are established, its simulation model is obtained and the dynamic simulation is carried out on AMESim. The dynamics of high-speed ON/OFF valve is taken into account in the simulation model. The tendency of simulation results conforms to experimental results; it shows that the pulse modulation hydraulic hammer is feasible, and the hydraulic hammer model is reasonable. The time delay in high working frequency is also analyzed.
Multicircle-Finding Probabilistic Hough Transform Based on Incorporating Gradient Estimations
Authors: Fu Hu Dai , Wang Hua , Gao Jin Gang
Published: December 2011

It present a new Probabilistic Hough Transform algorithm to detect circles in this paper. The algorithm can reduce the generation of redundant evidence in two ways. Firstly, it uses point-pairs to define circles by applying gradient information. Consequently the sampling complexity was decreased from three dimensions to two dimensions. Secondly, not all the pairs are eligible to vote, because the transformation is conditional. The evidence is gathered in a very sparse parameter space, so that peak recovery is performed readily. The result is proved that the detection accuracy increases and the memory resources decreases. Illustrative examples demonstrate the detection accuracy of the algorithm.
Design and Simulation on Multi-Digit Numerical Control Valve in Water Hydraulics
Authors: Zhang Zeng Meng , Gong Yong Jun
Published: December 2011

Due to the problems about Lubrication and sealing in water hydraulics, the poor performance, large leakage, extreme requirements of processing, high cost and poor anti-pollution properties exist in water hydraulic servo or proportional valves of spool structure and analogue control. A better seal is provided by the structure of the poppet valve comparing to the spool valve, however, poorer linearity and control accuracy accompanying inevitably. Aiming at improving the control performance of poppet valve, the design of the multi-digit numerical control valve is analyzed in this paper. The novel design using ball seat valves for digital bits is proposed to ensure enough seal ability and lower the cost. The simulation model of the multi-digit numerical control valve is built in AMESim software and the results show high linearity in flow control. However, large overshoot and oscillation encounter during the switching of the digits. Especially the switching process of the high digital bits requires to be regulated to reduce the large overshooting. The adjustment of the spring in the sensitive chamber of the bit valve can decrease the overshoot and improve the stability. These above contribute to the improvement of the control performance of water hydraulic control valves and applications of water hydraulics in the industry.
Multifactor Optimization of a Fuzzy-PID Controller Using Genetic Algorithm
Authors: He Xiao Feng , Chen Wei , Zhu Bi Hai , Jiang Zheng Yi , Cook Christopher
Published: December 2011

The design of a Fuzzy-PID controller involves setting the fuzzy rules, membership functions and its associated scaling factors. How to obtain a better control result and how these scaling factors affect the controller’s performance are still a challenge. In this paper, the automatic position control system of a Hille 100 experimental rolling mill was used as a research testbed. Based on the mathematical control model of the rolling mill, a Fuzzy-PID controller was developed, and the process of implementing global optimization considering all these factors simultaneously by using genetic algorithm is introduced in detail. Through simulation, the performance of the control system with multifactor optimized Fuzzy-PID controller is given, and compared with that with only the fuzzy rules optimized in the controller. By simulation tests, it is found that these factors will influence the control performance of the controller, and that they are highly coupled with each other. The more factors for a Fuzzy-PID controller are optimized, the better the solution will be. It can also be inferred from the study that asymmetrical membership functions have more potential in improving a fuzzy controller’s performance than symmetrical ones. The multifactor optimization method presented in this paper can in principle also be used to solve other complicated optimization issues.
The Performance of Kolmogorov–Smirnov Statistic in Noise Identification
Authors: Ma Ying Chao , Gao Yan Ping , Han Yu
Published: December 2011

Noise identification is one of the most important issues in radar and sonar engineering, in which Kolmogorov–Smirnov (KS) statistic is widely adopted. Although KS statistic is the most reliable method till now, it does not have high precision as people believe. The performance of KS statistic is studied in this work, while an experiment is carried out to show the precision of KS statistic, including both test and recognition. The result could help researchers decreasing error of using KS statistic in the future.
Study on Bonding Technology Parameter Optimize of MEMS Packaging Based on Robust Parameter Design
Authors: Yu Jin Wei
Published: December 2011

In order to improving reliability and economy of down-lead bonding of MEMS packaging , NiPdAu PCB is leaded in ,because palladium is joined in protecting involucra , bonding technology parameter must change . In this paper , robust parameter design method of DOE is used and optimize bonding technology parameter of new type NiPdAu involucra has been discovered , according to optimize results , mending bonding technology parameter and Ni Pd Au PCB is triumphantly used into MEMS packaging technology , not only increasing reliability of products , but also reducing cost of raw materials and obtaining well economy benefit.
Research on Automatic Asking for Help System in Traffic Accident
Authors: Liang Jie , Guan Zhi Guang , Miao Qiu Hua
Published: December 2011

With the rapid development of the global economy, the vehicle population increases rapidly year by year, but the traffic accidents have also increased. The vehicle population in China only accounts for 2-3% of the world at present, but the death is about 20% of the world. China has become the world's most serious national in the traffic accidents. In order to make the traffic accident rescue convenient, the automatic asking for help system is studied, and the software and hardware are also designed. The control system uses the PIC18F458 as a controller, which combines with the modern sensor technology and GPRS, and realizes the automatic asking for help in traffic accidents. Experiments show that the system has the advantages of stability, reliability and strong anti-interference ability.
Cumulative Strain Behaviour of Saturated Clay Under Transit Cyclic Loading
Authors: Zhou Shun Hua , Shi Jing Shan , Gong Quan Mei , Ji Chang
Published: December 2011

Based on the dynamic triaxial test of typical soils in Hangzhou area, the existed empirical calculation formulas of cumulative pore pressure and cumulative plastic strain are analyzed to recharacterized variables such as the cyclic stress ratio and the static deviator stress, therefor the modified formulas are proposed. Parameters of cumulative deformation calculation model that suitable for this area are also determined according to dynamic triaxial tests. Thereafter the modified formulas is applied in a subway project under construction in Hangzhou. Results show that both the the cumulative plastic strain and cumulative pore pressure in dynamic triaxial test have the power exponential function relationship with the vibration number, and an inflection point appears in curve when amounts to approximately 1000. The improved formulas basicly tally with test results, of which the cumulative plastic strain formula coinsides better. The formulas work well in calculating the long-term settlement of subway projects in Hangzhou area.
Flow Analysis in Horizontal Curved Pipe of Dense-Phase Pneumatic Conveying Gypsum Powder
Authors: Wang Kun , Duan Guang Bin , Liu Zong Ming
Published: December 2011

Horizontal curved pipe which are widely used in the engineering project and less researched were selected to study in the high concentration of fluidized transportation. Compressed air was used as the transmission power and gypsum powder as the transport medium. And then, the flow characteristics in horizontal curved pipeline of dense phase pneumatic conveying gypsum powder were achieved. The experimental results showed that the geometry parameters such as angle of the bend, radius of curvature and operating parameters i.e. conveying pressure, gas velocity, solid velocity etc have a dominant effect on the gas solid flow process.
Turbocharger Production Organization and Quality Control
Authors: Yang Jia
Published: December 2011

Turbocharger production in production is the basis for organizing the production. In a decentralized organization under the condition of the expansion of the scale of production and the mode of production of the dispersion area turbocharger production characteristics. In the scale of production expands unceasingly in the situation, the relevant enterprises and personnel are involved in this organization system. For a supercharger assembly production offerred rich component source. This phenomenon has enriched the turbocharger production models and production scale is continually expanding. In the turbocharger parts quality control is respective to the production control. But the overall quality control is not one or two enterprises or machine production enterprises can complete. Quality control needs of enterprises of the serial and parallel control. The ways of organizing production and product quality control has been formed a regional product characteristics. The final part quality control is made with the production capacity of enterprises through the parts detection. Turbocharger assembly process and experiment by production enterprises. The use effect of the product by the engine manufacturing plant through practical application effect detection.
The Comparison Investigation of OMA Methods on Time Domain
Authors: Chen Dong Di , Wu Luo , Xiang Jia Wei
Published: December 2011

Operational modal analysis (OMA) is an effective method to identify structural modal parameters from response signal under operational condition. Aiming at the evaluation of different time domain OMA methods in structural modal parameters identification, both numerical simulation and experimental investigation of cantilever beam have been applied to different methods, such as Sparse Time Domain (STD) method, Least Square Complex Exponential (LSCE) method and Eigensystem Realization Algorithm (ERA), etc. The comparison results indicated that ERA is the best one, LSCE method follows and STD method is worst.
Study on Risk Management of Rail Transit Construction in China
Authors: Xie Dong Sheng , Rong Xiao Li , Chen Shi Lin
Published: December 2011

The construction of subway engineering, with its internal properties, was regarded as a high risk project. Because of the great scale, high construction speed and serious situations in current rail transit construction, it is urgent to do security risk management during the construction of it. By the analysis of security pyramid theory, Hain rules and variety-fault model, an important conclusion was got that most accidents can be fully avoided by the security risk management. Based on these theories and the conclusion, some crucial ideas on security risk management were established, which mainly includes: human is the keystone to the risk management; risk management must be run through the whole life of rail transit; risk management can not only depend on the insurance or the monitoring data; informationize has a significant effect on the risk management and should be promoted. In the end, some outstanding issues about risk management research were brought forward.
Dynamics Analysis and Simulation of one-DOF Parallel Manipulator
Authors: Huang Mei Fa , Qian Guang , Luo Wei Zhao , Chen Lei Lei , Jin Guo Cai
Published: December 2011

One-degree of freedom (DOF) parallel manipulator of sorting robot is of vital importance for municipal solid waste (MSW) sorting. The motion velocity of the manipulator is very high. So the inertia forces seriously affect the motion characteristics of the manipulator. In order to solve this problem, this paper makes force analysis for the manipulator by using method of body-separation. In the process of the force analysis, the inertia forces are took into account. The dynamics equations of the manipulator are established based on D’Alember’s principle and dynamics sequence solution. The sequence to solve all the equations is listed. Dynamics simulation of one-DOF parallel manipulator is made to visualize the solved results of the equations by using software ADAMS.
The Antioxidant Resveratrol from Polygonum Cuspidatum Reverses Memory Impairment and Brain Oxidative Stress in SAMP8 Mice
Authors: Liu Gui Shan , Zhang Ze Sheng , Yang Bo , He Wei
Published: December 2011

Resveratrol (RVT) is a phytoalexin polyphenolic compound found in various plants, including grapes, berries and peanuts. Recently, studies have documented various health benefits of resveratrol including cardiovascular and cancer-chemopreventive properties. The aim of the present study was to demonstrate the effects of resveratrol on the learning and memory impairment. The senescence-accelerated mice (SAM) were introgastric gavage administrated resveratrol (25,100mg/(kg•bw)) for 60 days. The learning and memory behavior was assessed using open-field test while the parameters of oxidative stress assessed were malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutases (SOD).The results showed that resveratrol significantly improved the learning and memory ability in open-field test. Further investigation showed that resveratrol restored SOD levels, but decreased MDA level in the mouce brain. These results indicated that the pharmacological action of RVT may offer a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of age-related conditions.
Observer Design and Stabilization for a Class of Switched System
Authors: Shieh Ming Yuan , Chiou Juing Shian
Published: December 2011

This paper presents a novel and general approach, which is based on the Lyapunov stability theorem, to synthesize the observer and stabilization of the switched systems. On stability analysis, we can choose a particular state transformation matrix to transfer the observer-based switched system such that all subsystems can be decomposed into stable and unstable blocks. Some sufficient conditions are derived under a switching law such that the observer-based switched system is asymptotically stable. Finally, an example is presented to illustrate the proposed schemes.
L2 Vocabulary Teaching under Multimedia-and-Network Environment
Authors: Zhong Gui Rong
Published: December 2011

This paper discusses the problems in current L2 vocabulary teaching in Chinese colleges. The author holds that the wide applicafication of the multimedia and network will greatly reform the L2 vocabulary teaching to a real extent because the multimedia and network bears a lot of advantages. The powerful search engine, the rich database, the flexible hypertext link and the various real scenes of communication provided by the multimedia and network are all helpful in L2 vocabulary teaching and learning.
Dynamic Modeling of Oblique Crossing 3R Wrist with Virtual Link Method
Authors: Wang Zhan Zhong , Cheng Lin Zhang , Fan Xiao Ke , Han Yan Jun
Published: December 2011

Based on the theory of graph representation, links of the oblique crossing 3R wrist are devided into carriers and carried links, and contributions of the carried links to the generaliazed inertia forces can be divided into two parts. The first part is due to the motion with the carriers and the second part is due to the motion relative to their carriers. At the same time, the concept of virtual link is introduced to calculate the first part and carriers’ generaliazed inertia forces. The second part is derived with Lagrange Equation. At the end, an efficient and systematic dynamic equation in which the coupling effects of carried links can be identified individually and systematically, is developed. This method provides the basis for the design of driving chains and leads to a computer automated analysis for other geared robotic mechanisms.
Accuracy Analysis of Grinding Indexable Inserts Related to the Centrifugal Force of High Speed Abrasive Wheel
Authors: Zhang Zhe Shan , Yao Bin , Zhang Xiang Lei , Yao Bo Shi
Published: December 2011

When grinding the carbide insert with the abrasive wheel at high rotating speed, the accuracy of inserts is impacted by the changed size of abrasive wheel by the centrifugal force. This paper proposes a computing model of grinding location for insert, and giving an analysis of dynamic simulation of the abrasive wheel at high rotating speed. The analysis showed which the diameter of wheel is enlarged, and its axial size is indented. According to the result, some geometrical parameters offsets were afforded to realize to grind inserts accurately in the CNC grinding machine tool.
Effect of Laundering by Detergent Containing Bleaches on Cotton Fabric
Authors: Li Yong Qiang , Liu Jin Qiang , Qian Chun Jie
Published: December 2011

In order to understand the effect of laundering by detergent containing bleaches on cotton fabrics, two detergents with and without bleaches were used during laundering, and the changes in structures and properties of cotton fabrics were investigated after laundering. The structure of the cotton before and after laundering was evaluated by the X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and field scanning electron microscopy (FSEM). Meanwhile, the tensile strength, copper number and dyeing properties of cotton fabric have been studied for evaluating the chemical damage. The results showed that the damage of fabric laundering by detergents containing bleaches is more serious than that by detergents without bleaches. FTIR and copper number results revealed that the C-6 hydroxyl groups of the glucose repeating unit of cellulose were oxidized. XRD, FSEM and dyeing results indicated that the cotton fabrics have been damaged during laundering with detergents containing bleaches.
Adjustment of Legal Retirement Age in Chinese Mainland
Authors: Song Shi Bin , Song Qi , Xue Xiao Jun , Wan Yun
Published: December 2011

With the coming rush of population aging and the termination of the demographic dividend, the question on the extension of the legal retirement age is becoming a hot topic in the community. This paper analyzes factors affecting retirement age，such　as demographic dividend, life expectancy, years of education per capita, supply and demand situation in labor market. From these factors, reasonable quantitative reference standards can be introduced.
Study on the Risk of Big-Scale Sports Events
Authors: Zhou Zao Hong
Published: December 2011

Through using the theory and technology of risk management, paper analyzes risk type and reasons for big-scale sports events and establishes risk management models of big-scale sports events to provide reference for risk management of China during hosting big-scale sports events.
Study on Governance and Management of Urban River Ecology
Authors: Xue Yu Feng
Published: December 2011

The essay aims to put forward diverse suggestions on how to restore the urban river ecosystem from the perspective of design, and gives a brief description of eco-design and recommends ways to make long-term ecological management.
Numerical Simulation of Residual Stress in Quenching 2024 Honeycomb Aluminum Alloy Thin Plates
Authors: Jin Li , Wu Jian Jun , Zhu Tong , Wang Yong Jun , Li Shang Liang
Published: December 2011

The heat transfer coefficient during the aluminum thin plate quenching is difficult to measure experimentally. In this paper, according to the warping deformation characteristics of the 2024 honeycombed aluminum thin plate quenching, the heat transfer coefficient is obtained using finite element software ABAQUS. During the calculation process of the heat transfer coefficient, the sheet practical quenching process of immersion and the air-cooling has been considered. Using the heat transfer coefficient above, the quenching temperature field is solved through the simulation. Based on the temperature field, the residual stress field is simulated. Depending on the simulation results, the magnitude and the distribution of the residual stress is obtained. By X - ray diffraction method, the simulation results have been compared to the experiment results and they are in better agreement. It proves that the simulation method is available and effectively.
Tank Regulator Control through Variable Structure Controller Based on Extended State Observer and Unit Vector
Authors: Jin Tian Xu , Liu Li
Published: December 2011

A new control solution to tank regulator control problems is proposed for the characteristics. It is through variable structure controller (VSC) based on extended state observer (ESO) and unit vector, where the disturbance and high-order factors are estimated and compensated by using ESO. Through tests, the proposed approach can be used in the tank regulator control system. It is better than the engineering PID and general VSC. Furthermore, the chatter of VSC is reduced, because ESO provides a high-frequency path for the dynamic state which is not modeling.
Validation of the Texture-Based ALAMEL and VPSC Models by Measured Anisotropy of Plastic Yielding
Authors: Eyckens Philip , Xie Qing Ge , Sidor Jurij J. , Delannay Laurent , van Bael Albert , Kestens Leo A.I. , Moerman Jaap , Vegter Henk , van Houtte Paul
Published: December 2011

Several multilevel plasticity models that make use of the crystallographic texture have been developed in the past for the prediction of deformation textures. State-of-the-art models that consider grain interaction, such as Alamel and VPSC, are known to give superior deformation texture predictions compared to the well-known (full constraint) Taylor model. In this paper, these models are assessed on a different basis, namely their ability to predict plastic anisotropy in single-phase steel sheet. A wide range of mechanical tests is considered: uniaxial tension, plane strain tension, simple shear and sheet normal compression. Furthermore, the sensitivity of the anisotropy predictions is analyzed, considering the variability in textures measured by routine XRD. The considered grain interaction models clearly produce improved predictions of plastic anisotropy over the Taylor model.
Evolution of Crystallographic Texture in Cold Rolled Al-Zn-Mg Alloys Used in Space Applications
Authors: Ramesh Narayanan P. , Suwas Satyam , Sreekumar K. , Sinha Parameshwar Prasad , Ranganathan Srinivasa
Published: December 2011

The aerospace industry uses a variety of materials in different forms like sheets, forgings, extruded rods, welded components and machined components for launch vehicle and satellite applications. As lighter and stronger materials are the aims of the aerospace industry, aluminium alloys are the most widely used materials in the in the aircraft and aerospace industries. These aluminum alloys used in the aerospace industry are subjected to a variety of processing operations, either in the sheet form after rolling, forging, heat treatment and machining conditions, to realize the final product implies that these alloys exhibit a wide range of properties depending on the processing conditions. Texture formation in a material takes place during its various processing stages. The actual orientation distribution in a poly crystal is the result of the manufacturing processes applied. In this context, it is important to characterize the evolution of texture, both macro and micro texture, in AA7075 and AFNOR7020 alloys, which are two of the important high strength aluminum alloys used in the Aerospace industry. This paper deals with the results of the crystallographic texture measurements carried out on the cold rolled and artificially aged AA7075 and AFNOR7020 aluminium alloys. Results obtained from the pole figure analysis, Orientation Distribution Function (ODF) method and estimation of the various fibres present in the cold rolled material and the volume fraction of the texture components are discussed in detail for the alloy. Results of the micro texture measurements using the EBSD are presented, explained and analyzed in detail. A comparison of the inverse pole figures (IPFs), Image Quality (IQ) maps, Misorientation angle, Grain Orientation Spread (GOS), Kernal Average Misorientation (KAM), CSL boundaries, Grain size and Grain boundary character distribution (GBCD) for materials cold rolled to different reduction for the alloy are done and analyzed. Conclusions are drawn regarding the evolution of texture from the above analysis. Deformation texture components Cu, Bs and S increase from the starting material as the rolling percentage increases. On the other hand, recrystallization texture components of Goss and Cube are observed to be weak. AFNOR7020 Alloy developed a stronger texture compared to the AA7075 alloy. S component of texture is stronger in AA7075 alloy whereas the Bs component is stronger in AFNOR7020 alloy. This is attributed to the shear banding which was found absent in the other alloy.
Estimation of the Full Nye Tensor by EBSD-Based Dislocation Microscopy
Authors: Hardin Thomas , Adams Brent L. , Fullwood David T. , Wagoner Robert H.
Published: December 2011

An extension to a previously published, novel stereological method is reported which infers experimentally inaccessible components of the Nye GND tensor. Limitations imposed by electron-opacity of metals prevent direct measurement of four components of the Nye tensor, but it is possible to use additional experimentally-obtainable information in connection with underlying field equilibrium equations to estimate these additional components. This approach uses derivatives to the infinitesimal elastic distortion tensor to reduce error imposed by pattern center inaccuracy.
Texture and Microstructure Evolution in Friction Stir Welded Cu-Al Sheets Characterized by EBSD
Authors: Goran Daniel , Ji G. , Avettand-Fènoël M. N. , Taillard R.
Published: December 2011

Texture and microstructure of FSW joined Al and Cu sheets were investigated by means of electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) technique. The analysis has revealed a strong texture evolution on both sides of the weld interface as well as a very complex microstructure. Grains were found to be fully recrystallized on both sides of the weld and with different average diameters at different specific zones of the weld.
Crystallographic Texture as a Factor Enabling Ductile Fracture Arrest in High Strength Pipeline Steel
Authors: Pyshmintsev Igor , Gervasyev Alexey , Petrov Roumen H. , Carretero Olalla Victor , Kestens Leo A.I.
Published: December 2011

Low ductile crack arrestability in a full-scale burst test of 1420 mm-diameter X80 steel line pipes was accompanied by a high intensity of fracture surface separation. The texture of the steel plates was studied using different techniques in order to evaluate the influence of {001} planes oriented parallel to the rolling plane on the separation intensity during fracture. Though no clear correlation between the content of {001} planes parallel to the rolling plane and intensity of separation was found, the local distribution of the {001}<110> texture component among the microstructure components was different in different steels providing long areas suitable for cleavage fracture parallel to the rolling plane in steel with low arrestability.
Texture Development in Ferritic Steels during High Temperature Uniaxial Compression Deformation
Authors: Onuki Yusuke , Okayasu Kazuto , Fukutomi Hiroshi
Published: December 2011

Texture formation during uniaxial compression at elevated temperatures in Fe-3mass%Si and 430 stainless steel is studied. The behavior is analyzed in relating to the understanding on the texture development in Al-Mg solid solution alloy at high temperatures. It is found that the fraction of {001} (compression plane) is much higher than that of {111} both in Fe-3%Si and 430 steel, which is different from the deformation at room temperature. In Fe-3%Si, the fraction of {001} becomes higher at higher temperatures and with lower strain rates. EBSD measurement suggests that the development of {001} is attributed to the preferential growth of {001} oriented grains. In the case of 430 steel, no obvious deformation condition dependence of {001} development is seen, probably due to the fine particles pinning the grain boundaries.
Influence of Temperature upon the Texture Evolution and Mechanical Behaviour of Zircaloy-4
Authors: Honniball Peter , Preuss Michael , da Fonseca Joao Quinta
Published: December 2011

The mechanical behaviour and texture evolution during uniaxial compression of Zircaloy-4 at different temperatures (25, 300, 500 C) has been studied. At room temperature and 300 C the texture evolution and strain-hardening behaviour observed are attributed to the activation of {10-12} tensile twinning, which can be identified in optical micrographs and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) data. The influence of twinning upon the texture evolution and hardening rate becomes less apparent with increasing temperature. Nevertheless twinning is still active at 500 C. Simulation of the texture evolution at 500 C using crystal plasticity finite element modelling (CPFEM) indicates that slip alone cannot explain the experimentally observed textures at this temperature.
Current Approaches for Reconstructing the Parent Microtexture from that Inherited by Phase Transformation
Authors: Germain Lionel , Blaineau Pierre , Gey Nathalie , Humbert Michel
Published: December 2011

In this contribution, we describe the basic principles to reconstruct parent microtextures from inherited ones. The different methods published in the literature are examined. Their various approaches lead to different restitution capabilities and we discuss their advantages and weaknesses.
Variants of Texture Formation by Rolling of Ti-Ni Single Crystals with Shape Memory Properties
Authors: Isaenkova Margarita , Perlovich Yuriy , Fesenko Vladimir , Dementyeva Tatyana , Goltcev Vladimir
Published: December 2011

Single crystals of the alloy Ti-48%Ni-2%Fe, consisting of the phase B2, were rolled at 350°C with deformation degrees up to ~80% in 11 different initial orientations. Texture development in single crystals under rolling was analyzed to determine the active mechanisms of their plastic deformation. There are three stable initial orientations, which remain unchanged during rolling of Ti-Ni single crystals: {011}<011>, {111}<011> and {111}<112>. It was shown, that Ti-Ni single crystals deform by means of combined action of slip in systems {011}<001> and twinning in systems {114}<221> and {118}<441>. Variants of rolling texture formation in single crystals are very diverse and depend on their initial orientations and deformation degrees.
Nanometer Scale Microstructure and Microtexture of Biological Materials Revealed by High Spatial Resolution (15 to 5 kV) EBSD
Authors: Griesshaber Erika , Ubhi Harvinder Singh , Schmahl Wolfgang W.
Published: December 2011

High resolution EBSD analysis was carried out under specific experimental conditions (15 to 5 kV) on the skeleton of the modern carbonate brachiopod Gryphus vitreus and resolved nano- to microscale preferred crystallographic orientation patterns undetcted so far. As biologic superstructures are formed by controlled nanoparticle assembly it is essential to resolve their internal structure and texture with the highest possible spatial resolution. Low kV EBSD (15 kV and at 5 kV) provides the required resolution. We observe in the investigated carbonate skeletons a strongly interlocking microstructure of concave/convex grains. The interface topology of the interdigitating structure reaches below the micrometer scale. Individual grains reach sizes up to 20 µm (or even more) in one dimension. They show a mosaic spread of several degrees such that they must be addressed as mesocrystals. Even though the shell consists of three different microstructures with completely different crystal morphologies and grain boundary topologies the crystallographic texture of the three layers is similar. This indicates that distinct control mechanisms prevail when the shell is formed.
Epitaxial Growth of α-Fe2O3 Thin Films on c-Plane Sapphire Substrate by Hydrothermal Method
Authors: Li Song , Qin Gao Wu , Zuo Liang
Published: December 2011

Thin films of hematite find extensive applications in photoelectrochemistry, photocatalysis, and gas sensors. c-axis oriented hematite films have been directly grown on c-plane sapphire substrate using chemical method via hydrolysis of ferric cations. X-ray diffraction (XRD) reveals that the crystalline phases of the films and corresponding sediment produced in the solution were α-Fe2O3 and pure β-FeOOH, demonstrating the promotion of nucleation of hematite on sapphire substrate as a result of lowered interface energy. Phi-scan results indicate that the hematite films are grown with (0001) planes parallel to c-plane of Al2O3. Scanning electron microscopic observation shows that the hematite films are composed of pyramid-shaped nanocrystals with smooth surface facets.
Effects of Cr-Mo Infiltration Source Cathode Different Mixing Proportion on the Thickness of Alloy Layer
Authors: Zhang Jing Chun , Xu Jin Yong , Deng Yong Yong , Liu Ya Juan , Gao Cheng
Published: December 2011

Based on the plasma nitriding technique, the double glow plasma surface metallurgy (DG-PSM) technology was developed. This technology is also known as the Xu-Tec Process which utilizes solid metallic elements such as Ni, Cr, Mo, W, Ti, Al, Nb, Zr and their combinations to accomplish plasma surface alloying. Mo-Cr strengthened coating was prepared on the surface of low carbon steel Q235 by this technology. This coating is used to high wear resistant cold die LD steel. By experiment of the three different prescriptions in source cathode, the effect of source cathode composition on the coating has been studied. The technological parameters were as follows: The ratio of Mo and Cr were 2:1, 4:1 and 6:1. The work-piece material is Q235 low carbon steel. Holding time is 4h. Holding temperature 1050°C.Source cathode structure was threadiness. The consequences of composition analysis and microstructure observation results show that, most approaches the purpose of this research is the ratio of Mo and Cr is 6:1, and the alloyed layer has stronger adhesion with substrate.