bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Implications of Micro-Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma in Surgical Treatment of Multi-nodular Goiter
Authors: AL-baaj Hussain Taher Abbas
Published: October 2024

Background: papillary thyroid micro-carcinoma (PTMC) is defined as papillary thyroid carcinoma less than 10mm in diameter, it is common pathology and form one third of PTC, its management is debatable due to its aggressive behavior in some cases. its diagnosis are done incidentally in most of cases but recent ultrasound with FNCA increase the incidence of diagnosis.
Patients and methods: The Study is conducted on 147 cases of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) that operated upon between 2018-2022 for goiter randomly. The type of surgery is either lobectomy, total thyroidectomy or partial thyroidectomy. The pathologist decreases the thyroid lesion to less than few mm in diameter instead of more than 10 mm that done previously. the cases are divided into 3 group: group A include micro-carcinoma; group B include malignant nodule more than 1 cm in multi-nodular goiter (MNG) and group C that include single papillary nodule.
Result: of 149 cases with PTC, 47 cases are PTMC (group A), 27 cases are in group B that include PTC more than one centimeter in diameter and group C that present with solitary malignant nodules that include 75 cases. Of 47 cases with PTMC, 27 cases contain malignant foci between 1-3 mm while in 11 cases, the size between 4-5 mm and 9 cases with diameter between 6 to 9 mm. Thirty–nine of PTMC cases are seen in MNG, 7 cases in Hashomoto s thyroiditis and one case in graves’ disease.
Ten of 16 cases of colloid MNG are between, the size of malignant nodule are in range of 1-1.5 cm. seven of 11 cases of PTC in Hashomoto s are multifocal.
Conclusion: PTMC is common pathology, mainly seen in MNG, and in most of the cases, they are small in size 3mm or less in diameter and difficult to recognize by ultrasound so adoption of total lobectomy or total thyroidectomy instead of partial thyroidectomy ensure complete excision of this pathology which may have unexpected behavior in some cases. PTC (more than 1 cm) on background of MNG, mainly are of small size and present in non-dominant  nodule.
The Inflammatory Cytokines in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Their effect in the Progression and Pathogenesis of the Disease
Authors: Naser Saad Ali , Thuwaini Mahdi M. , Al-Snafi Ali Esmail
Published: October 2024

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic autoimmune disorder affected the entire body.
Aims of the study: Estimation of levels of inflammatory biomarkers in patients with RA and investigation of their impact on the development and severity of the disease.
Methodology: This trial is a case-control one involving 44 patients with RA and 44 healthy age matched controls. Blood samples (5 ml) were collected from each participant, anti-CCP, RF, CRP, and ANA levels were measured using a Cobas device, while TNF-α, IL-10, IL-6 and IL-1β, were determined by an ELISA assay.
Result: The results showed no significant variations in age, place of residence, and smoking between the RA and control groups, while there were significant variations in BMI, gender, and professional status. The levels of ESR, anti-CCP, RF, ANA, and CRP were significantly elevated in the RA group (P<0.001 for each) than in the control group. The study of cytokine levels also showed significant variations between the two groups, with an increase in TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β, and a decrease in IL-10 in the patients. IL-1β was positively correlated with age, IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α.
Conclusions:  The results indicate that cytokines levels such as TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and CRP are elevated in RA patients, reflecting elevated inflammatory activity, while levels of IL-10 are decreased, which may contribute to the exacerbation of the disease.
Evaluating Cytokine of Human of Cytomegalovirus by RT-qPCR
Authors: Issa R Wafaa Abdul kadhim , Alameedy Fadyia Mahdi Muslim
Published: October 2024

Human samples from renal failure patients were collected from 25 July 2023 to 19 October 2023. Renal Failure was included (1 – 80 years).  The RT-qPCR, Method was detected The RT-qPCR, Method was used to detect INF and IL17 of all samples. The population groups studied samples subject groups were distributed into 5 groups including (1-16,17-33,34-50,51-67,68-84) years, changed age to gender. The samples were isolated from the hospitals, including (Al-Nasiriyah Teaching Hospital and Dialysis Center, and Al-Hussein Hospital) The first study in Iraq to immunity study cytokine in patients with renal failure by molecular technique RTqPCR.
Immunoglobulin E and Serum Interleukin-13 and Bacteria in Patients with Alopecia Areata
Authors: Frman Anfal , Gaidan Ayad M
Published: October 2024

Alopecia areata (AA) is a form of hair loss that does not result in permanent scars. The etiopathology of it is not completely understood. To evaluate the serum concentration of immunoglobulin E (IgE) and interleukin-13 (IL-13) in patients diagnosed with AA and determine the bacterial strain present in individuals with infections. The study comprised a sample of 60 women afflicted with alopecia areata and 30 women who were in good health, serving as controls.The levels of IgE and IL-13 in the serum were evaluated using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test(ELISA). The microorganisms were identified by conventional techniques and verified using Vitek technology. for IgE showed highly significant differences (p value < 0.1) Between patients and the control group, Regarding IL-13, the results showed significant differences (p value < 0.05), Between patients and the control group, Regarding age As for IgE, there is no significant difference between patients in the three groups    (p value > 0.05), but it is different from the control (p value < 0.05).IL-13 There are significant differences (p value < 0.05). Among adults, the level of interleukin is higher than that of middle and young people. The weight-related results demonstrated significant variability across patients (p value < 0.05), with obese individuals exhibiting higher levels of IGE and IL-13 compared to those of medium and underweight. Regarding, In relation to bacteria, the percentages were as stated S.epedermidis (50.98%) , (S.aureus33.33%) mixed , S.aureus + S.epedermidis , (9.8%) E.coli (1.96%) Pseudomonas aeruginosa(1.96 %) , Granulicatella elegans  (1.96%) .Total is IgE and IL-13 increased in patients with alopecia areata, Regarding bacteria, we need other studies to prove their role in alopecia areata.
The Impact of a Rehabilitation Program on Meniscal Tear Injury in Athletes
Authors: Mohammed Duaa Athab , Jabbar Ali Awad
Published: October 2024

The significance of the research lies in the preparation of a rehabilitation program for meniscus tear injuries in affected athletes, which aims to rehabilitate athletes from injuries that hinder their performance in their specialized sports. The problem of the research is that most athletes do not properly treat meniscus tear injuries and there is a lack of studies addressing this type of injury, which leads to functional impairment in the knee joint performance, preventing the player from practicing their specialized sport. The researchers used the experimental method for its suitability to the nature of solving research problems. The research sample included ten athletes with meniscus tears, selected intentionally. The aim of the research is to identify the effect of a rehabilitation program on meniscus tear injuries in affected athletes. The most significant conclusions were a clear improvement in the research group variables when using the rehabilitation program. The main recommendations were to generalize the used rehabilitation program to rehabilitation and physiotherapy centers in hospitals to apply it to affected individuals.
The Role of Serum Level of Col2a1 and Hyaluoronic Acid in Diagnosis of Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: Rudini Abbas A , Saleh Prof. Dr. Basil O , Gorial Prof. Dr. Fiaq Isho
Published: October 2024

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a complex condition in which affected tissues experience changes in metabolism, structure, biochemistry, and function. This condition arises when chondrocytes fail to balance the synthesis and degradation of extracellular components like proteoglycans and collagens, leading to inflammation of the synovial membrane and joint capsule.
Aim of the study: This study was designed to evaluate the serum levels of Type II Collagen alpha 1 (coll2a1) and Hyaluronic Acid (HA) in diagnosis of early stage of knee osteoarthritis in Iraqi patients
Subjects and Methods: This case- control study was carried out at Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Baghdad and at Rheumatology Department
, Baghdad Hospital / Medical City, during the period from September 2022 to March 2023. It included ninety volunteer males and females subdivided into subgroups: Group 1consisted of 50 patients who have had early stages of knee osteoarthritis (KOA) and group 2 involved 40 apparently healthy subjects who served as control group. The diagnosis of KOA was made by a consultant rheumatologist using American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria. Moreover, patients were sub- classified according to their BMI (normal weight, overweight and obese) and KOA severity (grad1 and grad 2). Investigations included serum measurements of Human serum coll2a1( type II collagen alpha I) and Human serum HA (Hyaluronic Acid) in all patients and controls by ELISA technique.
Results: The mean (±SD) values of Coll2a1, HA, of KOA patients were significantly higher than those of controls (for all, p <0.01). There was significant positive correlation between. The mean value of serum hyaluronic acid was significantly increased in grad 2 KOA when compared with grad 1 KOA patients (p < 0.004). The results found that fibulin-3 has the highest receiver operator characteristic (ROC) and area under curve (AUC=89.2% ) at cutoff (7.50 ng/ml) with sensitivity 80.0 and specificity 80.0 in diagnosis of KOA. Also, serum Coll2a1 has high diagnostic utility (AUC=88.6%) at cutoff (286.00 pg/ml) with sensitivity 82.0 and specificity 80.0 .
Conclusion: Assessing non-invasive serum levels of coll2a1 (with a cutoff of 286.00 pg/ml) offers a new biochemical marker for diagnosing the early stages of knee osteoarthritis (KOA) potentially before changes become visible on X-rays. Additionally, measuring serum hyaluronic acid levels could serve as an indicator of disease severity, helping to differentiate between various grades of KOA.
Detection of indicator genes in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolated from meat samples
Authors: Hussein Hussein Ali , Salman Khawlah Abdallah , Jawad Sahar Mohammed , Thajeel Haider Ali
Published: October 2024

Aims: The presence of Staphylococcus aureus, particularly methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), on retail meat products is becoming more and more of a concern. The aim of the present study is to examine the recovered strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) from different retail beef in Najaf/ Iraq. Methodology and results: The phenotypically by conventional identification. Genotypical examination was made also by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect the genes some diagnostic genes for the enterotoxins sea, seb, sed. More than 200 strains of Staphylococcus aureus, from different butchers meat shops. MRSA strains were characterized by streaking on different selective media and biochemically identified as Staphylococcus aureus MRSA.  The results showed that the appearance of sea genes in 51% of the isolates. Seb gene was in 18.90% of the isolates while 5.40 %  of the isolates displayed sed gene. Also, Resistance towards six different antimicrobial agents was assessed and revealed that the tested strains of Staphylococcus aureus showed different level of resistance for Streptomycin 100%, Cotrimoxazole 100% , Cephalothin  45.90%and Tetracycline 32.3%. Conclusion, significance and impact of study: the majority of molecular isolate types have been connected to human infections globally, demonstrating that these S. aureus strains in Iraq have a potential for serious pathogenicity. The presence of the genes (sea, sed, and seb) in the MERSA isolates from meat in this study is alarming and raising public health concerns.
Effect of Cold Application on Pain Relief during Intravenous Cannulation for Cancer Patients
Authors: Azeez Alaa Kareem , Kadhim Alaa Jawad
Published: October 2024

Background:  The cannulation of intravenous Analgesia is rarely experienced after this unpleasant procedure, which can also induce stress and worry.
Objective: The purpose of the study was to ascertain how cold affected the degree of pain during intravenous cannulation. Methodology: A randomized controlled trial was carried out at the oncology department of AL-Al-Haboubi Teaching Hospital in Dhi-Qar from January 4, 2024, until February 3, 2024. After the sample was selected, 102 patients were divided into two groups in order to achieve the study's objective: 50 patients were assigned to the control group and 52 patients to the experimental group. The experimental group was given cold gel, and self-report data collection was used. A visual analogue scale of 10 cm was used to measure pain. Results: The experimental group's post-test results showed a low mean pain score (28.76+20.491), while the control group's data analysis results showed a high mean score (M+SD 76.54+20.427) and severe discomfort during cannulation insertion. The mean pain score during cannulation insertion varied significantly (p=.001) between the experimental and control groups following the use of cold treatment. Conclusions: According to the study's findings, the cool approach helped to lessen intravenous cannulation pain. Recommendations: The study advised patients to be chilled when receiving intravenous cannulation.
Exploring the Relationship Between Examination-Induced Anxiety and Cardiovascular Responses Among PT Students
Authors: RRT Dr Maqdad TAAQI PhD , Aldohiyem Reem , Aldeesan Reem , Aladwany Razan , Alnajar Fatima , Alajmi Noudhy
Published: October 2024

This study explores the relationship between examination-induced anxiety and cardiovascular responses among physical therapy (PT) students. A quasi-experimental repeated measures design was utilized to examine heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), and heart rate variability (HRV) at three stages: before, during, and after high-stakes Objective Structured Clinical Examinations (OSCEs). A total of 120 PT students (60 male, 60 female) were recruited using purposive sampling, with data collection extended over two academic years to ensure balanced gender representation. Anxiety was measured using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), while cardiovascular responses were continuously monitored using wearable devices. Results revealed significant increases in HR and BP, alongside decreases in HRV during the examination, reflecting heightened autonomic stress. Post-exam, cardiovascular markers demonstrated partial recovery but remained elevated compared to pre-exam levels, indicating lingering physiological effects of anxiety. Qualitative data from student interviews revealed cognitive impairments and lingering anxiety post-exam, corroborating the physiological findings. Repeated measures ANOVA indicated significant changes in cardiovascular responses over time, with no significant interaction effects for gender. These findings underscore the impact of examination-induced anxiety on both physiological and psychological outcomes in PT students. The persistent elevation in cardiovascular markers post-exam suggests that students may not fully recover from stress immediately, highlighting the need for targeted interventions, such as mindfulness or biofeedback, to help manage anxiety. Addressing examination stress could enhance both student well-being and academic performance, mitigating the long-term risks associated with chronic stress.
Assessment of Uranium levels in workers urine samples for the Al-Kifl brick factories in Babil Governorate – Iraq
Authors: Abess Shahad Ali , Al-Sadi Mohammed Abdul Kadhim Hadi
Published: October 2024

This study aimed to determine the levels of "uranium" in human urine from 72 samples taken in the Babil Governorate of Iraq. The maximum value of uranium concentration (4.171 ± 0.054 ppb) was reached in the urine samples of workers of Al-Kifl brick factories, according to the results obtained with CR-39. The lowest value of uranium concentration was (1.359 ± 0.017 ppb). The average uranium concentration in urine samples taken from employees of Al-Kifl brick factories was (2.81 ± 0.69 ppb).
The control group's results indicated that the greatest uranium concentration was (1.429± 0.05 ppb), and the lowest uranium concentration was (0.215± 0.04 ppb). The control group's urine samples had an average uranium concentration of (0.81 ± 0.32 ppb). Ultimately, uranium concentrations were determined using a few parameters. It was discovered that uranium concentrations rise with increasing daily and cumulative working hours, rise in workers who smoke relative to those who do not, and rise with age.
Effect of zeolite on growth, yield, and active substances of genotypes of Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) and its Half–Diallel Crosses
Authors: Fleih Sabah Abd , Al-Roumi Abdul Karim Hussein , Al-Khafaji Ban A.H. , Kadhim Abeer Q. , Metab Shaimaa Sabbar
Published: October 2024

Two field experiments were conducted on the private farms of a farmer in the village of Al-Jilawiyah in Al-Musayyab district (40 km north of the center of Babylon province) for the years 2021 and 2023 for the purpose of studying some genetic features of four genotypes of Roselle and their Half – Diallel Crosses. They gave the following results:The eggplant cultivar excelled in all the studied traits (plant height, chlorophyll content of leaves, number of branches in the plant, number of bolls in the plant, total yield of sepal leaves and anthospanin content), giving averages of (184.86 cm, 42.83 spad, 48.30 leaves.plant -1, 153.50 bolls.Plant -1, 1208.16 kg ha -1, 0.338%) respectively. As for the hybrids, the hybrid (1*2) excelled on the other hybrids by giving it the highest average for the studied traits (plant height, chlorophyll content of the leaves, number of branches, number of bolls in the plant, anthocyanin content, giving the averages (191.98 cm, 43.04 spad, 50 branches. plant -1, 157.22 bolls.plant -1, 0.345%), respectively.
As for the hybrid strength, the hybrid (1*2) excelled giving it the highest hybrid strength at level Z 10, amounting to 19.97%, while the hybrid (2*4) gave it the lowest hybrid strength at level Z10, amounting to - 0.30%. As for the gene action, it gave the trait of chlorophyll content the highest percentage of heritability in the broad sense, amounting to 99.48%, at the level Z 10, while it gave the lowest percentage of heritability in the broad sense, amounting to 75.65%, for the trait of plant height, at the level Z 10. As for the heritability rate in the narrow sense, it reached its highest average of 60.06% for the trait number of branches at level Z 20. While it gave the lowest percentage of heritability in the narrow sense of 4.16% at the Z10 level. The average degree of dominance was 4.44% for the trait of plant height, while the lowest value for the average degree of heritability was 1.27 for the trait of the number of bolls. plant-1.
Extraction, Purification and Characterization of Poly Phenol Oxidase from Potato and Apple and Inhibition of Enzymatic Browning
Authors: Alneamah Sadiq Jaafir Aziz , Aldhalemi Ammar Abdulhasan Jaafar , Jannah Salah Mahdi Al , Aldhalemi Murtadha Abdulhasan Jaafar , Al-Obaidi Laith Fareed Hasan
Published: October 2024

The purpose of this study was to determine the optimum conditions for the extraction of polyphenol oxidase (PPO) from potato and apple. PPO is found in a variety of fruits and vegetables and is the enzyme that causes browning reactions when handling damaged cells. At 405 nm, the enzyme activity was determined using spectrophotometry. PPO was researched to stop potato and apple from browning, which reduces their marketability. The outcomes showed that using an extraction buffer containing phosphate buffer (0.05 M, pH 6.6) was the optimum condition for the extraction of polyphenol oxidase from potato and apple. In addition, the results showed that as the temperature increased, the (PPO) activity increased, and the activity reached its peak at a temperature of 35 ͦC. The optimum pH value of (PPO) activity was 6.5 and we observed during the research that (PPO) decreased in strong acid condition and alkaline environments. Moreover, the results showed that the highest activity of polyphenol oxidase enzyme extracted from apple and potato was by using (O-dihydroxybenzene) as a substrate. As the concentration of the substrate increased, the (PPO) activity increased, reaching the optimum substrate concentration of 0.8%, and then its activity decreased. Also, we found that when using ascorbic acid, citric acid, and Na2SO3 as inhibitors, the activity of the polyphenol oxidase enzyme decreased with an increase in the concentration of ascorbic acid, citric acid, and Na2SO3. Sodium thiosulfate, 0.01 M ascorbic acid and 0.5% polyethylene glycol were extracted with an extraction ratio of 1:4 (w/v) for three minutes by using a blender. The purpose of study was to determine the optimum conditions for polyphenol oxidase extraction from potato and apple.
Immunological Variables In Cattle Infected With Blood Protozoa Transmitted By Ticks And Horseflies In Samarra City
Authors: Al-Rahmani Athraa Hamid Jasim , Mahmmoud Ashraf Jamal
Published: October 2024

The results of the immunological tests on cattle infested with ticks and horseflies showed significant differences between the groups of infested cattle. There was a highly significant difference in the immunoglobulin IgM, which reached 54, compared to the healthy cattle group. Additionally, there were highly significant differences in the surface markers CD8, CD4, and the MHCII complex in the groups of cattle infested with ticks and horseflies compared to the healthy cattle groups. However, no significant differences were observed between the infested and healthy cattle groups in terms of immunoglobulin IgG and complement G3.
Maximizing Patient Safety in Al-Diwaniya Private Pharmacies: An Exploratory Review of the Various Physiological Disorders Where Field Pharmacists are Central to Treatment and Management
Authors: Hassan Neeran F.
Published: October 2024

The community pharmacist is unique among health care providers in that he or she interacts with a wide variety of people every day, giving them enough opportunities to raise patients' levels of self-awareness and provide guidance toward healthier lifestyle choices. This project detailed the duties of several authorized committees and administrations, some of which were excellent and others of which were subpar. There has to be more work done by community pharmacists to help improve health care, but integrated care where they provide clinical pharmacy services while dispensing may make a big difference. From December 2021 until the end of May 2022, online surveys were conducted. The pharmacists' understanding of patient safety culture was evaluated using a community pharmacy questionnaire. The results showed that of all the areas examined, patient counseling had the greatest level of positive awareness (23–59%), and yet only 18% of pharmacists regularly educate patients of important information about their new prescriptions, which is a very low response rate.
Screening And Identification Of Bacterial Isolate Producing Arbutin Glycoside And Improving Its Productivity By Mutagenesis
Authors: M.I. Noor , M.S Nidhal
Published: October 2024

From three sources of Iraqi soil, 30 bacterial isolates were obtained. after performing the primary isolation process, 12 isolates could produce the glycoside arbutin as an indication of the reddish-brown precipitate. When secondary isolation was conducted, it was found that two isolates, A7 and C10, gave the highest production of arbutin as a function of the concentration of the resulting compound, as it reached a concentration of Arbutin 5.3 µg/ml and 8.5 µg/ml, respectively. The diagnosis process was carried out for isolate C10 based on cultural and microscopic characteristics, as the nature of growth on the liquid medium was that it floated on the surface, and the cells formed a thin membrane with each other. Pellice as for the nature of growth on a liquid media, the colonies were spread out and flat, with irregular edges, a cream color, and a wrinkled surface, while the microscopic characteristics of the bacterial isolate were that they were positive for Gram stain and the cells were rod-shaped of medium length. The biochemical tests Vitec 2 results showed that the bacterial isolate belonged to Bacillus subtilis with a probability of 98%. Upon genetic diagnosis at the 16SrRNA level, it was found that the isolate belonged to the genus Bacillus subtilis by 100% compared to what is available in the NCBI GenBank and that exposure for 30 minutes at a wavelength of 257 nanometers (20w) and at a distance of (20) cm from the dish to ultraviolet radiation resulted in to improve the production of arbutin twice as much as the wild strain.
Estimating the Biological Variables of Thyroid Patients and Their Impact on Diabetics in Kirkuk
Authors: Hassan Sara Sami , Zainal Israa Ghassan
Published: October 2024

Background: Investigating the impact of sugar on biochemical variables in patients with thyroid dysfunction in Kirkuk, including some previously unmeasured biological variables. Materials and Techniques: From November to May, this study occurred in Kirkuk.  Blood samples were collected from 120 patients aged 20 to 80 years, including 40 diabetics, 40 with both hyperthyroidism and diabetes, and 40 with both hypothyroidism and diabetes, as well as 40 healthy individuals aged 20 to 40 without chronic diseases. Levels of TSH, T4, T3, HbA1c, GPT, GOT, ALP, and HBs were measured in the serum using Beckman Coulter Access2, Spectrophotometer, and Boditech Med INC I-Chroma AFP-25 devices. Results: The study found that TSH levels were significantly elevated in patients with diabetes and hypothyroidism (P≤0.01), while T4 and T3 levels were significantly decreased (P≥0.01). HbA1c levels showed a significant increase (P≤0.01) in all groups: diabetes with hypothyroidism, diabetes with hyperthyroidism, and diabetes alone. Enzyme levels (GOT, GPT, ALP, HBs) were also significantly elevated (P≤0.01) in these groups. Conclusion: In conclusion, TSH regulation is vital, with high levels indicating hypothyroidism related to obesity and diabetes. Elevated HbA1c shows poor glucose control, and hyperthyroidism with diabetes worsens liver function and glucose metabolism, stressing the need for integrated management.
Relationships of 8 - Isoprostane and Vitamin K Levels With Blood Clotting Time In Last Stage of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients
Authors: Kareem Ruqia Imran , Mahdi Wijdan Thamir , Hussain Aws Rassul
Published: October 2024

Liver diseases are one of the most serious life-threatening diseases , and among the most important of these diseases is hepatocellular carcinoma, which poses a future challenge to public health. the goal of this work is to explore the existence association between the decrease level of vitamin K and an increase level of 8-isoprostane With a high rate of blood clotting time . The (PT ( in all patients it was high, and rate ranged from ( 21.00 -25.00), while in all the control group was normal . we also found that patients who suffer from HCC substantially reduced levels of VK2, The mean levels of Human VK2 were 135.78 ± 17.15 and 170.69 ± 18.15, in HCC patients / control respectively, However, Mean levels of Human 8-Isoprostane were 3436.44 ± 894.45 and 2389.13 ± 439.66, in  HCC patients / control respectively;  mean level  turns out that it highly significant higher than in HCC patients compare to control . It is concluded that low levels of this vitamin in HCC patients may make liver cells less able to fend off the invasion and spread of cancer cells, while high levels of Human 8-Isoprostane raise the danger of HCC illness in ill individuals and, consequently, increase the risk of death.
Alleviation of Drought Stress in Zea Mays Seeding by Extracellular Polysaccharides Produced by Azotobacter
Authors: Hashim Karrar . K . , Hussein Khalid A. , Kudum Najeh H.
Published: October 2024

Azotobacter bacteria are Gram-negative, rod-shaped soil bacteria that can fix atmospheric nitrogen and promote plant growth. They are known to produce exopolysaccharides (EPS), which can help plants to retain water and tolerate drought stress. In this study, 20 Azotobacter isolates were isolated from dry and semi-dry soil samples. The isolates were characterized morphologically and microscopically and tested for their tolerance to drought using PEG6000 at concentrations of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25%. They were also tested for their ability to produce EPS. The isolates that were most tolerant to drought and produced the most EPS were used as biofertilizers to improve the drought tolerance of maize seedlings. The seedlings were irrigated every 24, 48, or 72 hours. The results showed that the biofertilizers containing the two most drought-tolerant and EPS-producing Azotobacter isolates (Azotobacter 1 and Azotobacter 2) significantly improved the germination rate, dry weight, stress tolerance index, chlorophyll stability, and membrane damage index of the maize seedlings.
Detection of The Presence of Aflatoxin, Cyclopiazonic Acid and Other Alkaloids in Raisin Juice in Mosul City and its Suburbs
Authors: Krmo May Akram , Al_Rejaboo Maha Akram Mohammad Ali
Published: October 2024

28 samples of fresh raisin juice were collected randomly from the city of Mosul, the right and left sides, and its suburbs. The samples were collected from the areas of Bashiqa, Hamdaniya, Bartella, Aqra, and Dohuk. The presence of Aflatoxine by the ELISA method and Cyclopiazonic acid (CPA) and other alkaloids by the modified Ehrlich reagent method, where there was a variation in the extent of contamination of the samples with Aflatoxine, ranging from 0.0235 ng/L, the highest concentration in the R1 sample, the sample was from the Bashiqa region, and the source of the raisins was from Mosul herbalists, to the lowest concentration 0.002 ng/L in the two R31 samples. This sample was collected from Mosul, left side, Al-Majmoua Al-Thaqafiya neighborhood, the sample R37 is also from Mosul, left side, Al-Masarif neighborhood. As for the other samples, the concentrations ranged from (0.007, 0.005, 0.013, 0.0135, 0.009, 0.0075, 0.01, and 0.0205, 0.012, 0.003, 0.005, 0.008, 0.017, and 0.002) ng/L. As for Cyclopiazonic acid (CPA), there were samples contaminated with this poison, and there were samples with a small percentage of contamination, as the highest concentration was in samples R2, R3, R5, R7, R8, R9, R12, R13, R15, R19, R20, R34, R35, R37, and R38. The lowest concentration is in samples R1, R6, R17, R22, R23, R39, and R40. There are samples that contain other alkaloids, as in samples R16, R21, R24, and R30. All of these samples were the source of raisins. It is either from Attarin, Mosul or northern Iraq.
Determining the Role of EPX Enzyme and The Prevalenyce of Fasciola Hepatica in Patients with Cholelithiasis
Authors: Sayal Raad Ajam , Mohammed Esraa Jameel
Published: October 2024

Background : Fascioliasis is a parasitic infection typically caused by Fasciola Hepatica , EPX is one of toxic granules that released by eosinophils in response to infection by this parasite. Aim of study: To determining the epidemiological prevalence of Liver fluke (Fasciola Hepatica ) in patients suffering from gallstones and  assessment of serum concentrations of eosinophil marker in these patients and control groups by ELISA. technique. Methodology: Case control study design, included 140 participants, 70 of them included as cases (suffered from Cholelithiasis), and 70 of them included as controls. History of the study was from beginning of October 2023 to end of January 2024, all participants were attending to Al-Sader Medical City/Digestive System Unit, Al-Hakeem Hospital and Al-Haidarya  Hospital. Two samples (stool and 5 ml serum) were taken from each participant for microscopic detection of F. hepatica and for measure immune parameter EPX by ELISA, respectively. Results: It was found that there is a statistically significant difference between patients with liver fluke (Fasciola Hepatica ), where the percentage of patients with liver fluke (Fasciola Hepatica ) was 10%. Only 90% of participants suffering from gallstones were negative for this parasite. There was statistically significant (p-value= 0.0001), increase in mean concentration of the parameters (EPX,) between the two groups of patients (29.1±14.04 ng/ml,) and the control (16.76±6.16 ng/ml,) respectively. And there was a known increase in the mean concentration of immune parameter in the serum of patients infected with the parasite (EPX: 56.88±6.78 ng/ml,) compared to their concentration in patients not infected with the parasite.  Conclusions: Only 10% of 90% of Cholelithiasis patients in the immediate study were diagnosed positive for F. hepatica parasite. There was increased in study parameter (EPX,) significantly in group of cholelithiasis patients other than control group.
Correlation of Serum IL-1β Level in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients with Disease Severity Parameters
Authors: Salih Hussein A. , Zayed Karrar S.
Published: October 2024

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic inflammatory, chronic disorder, characterized by prolonged inflammation of the synovial joints, with ultimate destruction of joints, high concentrations of IL-1β in the synovial fluid and serum RA patients correlated with RA incidence. This study was conducted to compare IL-1β concentration in serum from patients with RA and healthy controls with the correlation parameter being related to markers indicating disease severity. A case-control study enrolled 71 patients with RA and 46 healthy controls from an Iraqi Arab population. In the present study, the level of serum IL-1β was detected using a quantitative sandwich enzyme immunoassay method of Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). This study found a correlation between the serum level of IL-1β and DAS28-CRP severity among RA patients (p=0.065). Furthermore, the serum level of IL-1β was significantly increased in RA patients compared to the level noted in the healthy group (p=0.039). Moreover, the results demonstrated a very weak correlation between the IL-1β level with CRP, ESR, and ACCP (r=0.079, r=0.059, r=0.080), respectively. In conclusion, the current study showed a correlation between the serum level of IL-1β and RA disease severity (DAS28) among the Iraqi Arab population, additionally, the study noted a very weak correlation between the IL-1β level with CRP, ESR, and ACCP.
Effect Of Cytokinin BA And Different Concentrations Of Chemical Stress Treatments On The Multiplication Of Vegetative Shoots Of The Plant Antirrhinum Magus L. Grown In Vitro
Authors: Mazene Lamyaa Hussein Mousa , Mazeni Shaymaa Hussein Mousa
Published: October 2024

The study was conducted on the multiplication of Antirrhinum magus L. plant using the micropropagation technique, represented by culture vegetative shoots on MS nutrient medium prepared with different concentrations of cytokinin BA and different levels of chemical stress treatments. The treatment of 4.44 μmol.L–1 BA with a NAA concentration of 0.54 μmol.L–1 gave the highest significant increase in the average number of vegetative shoots per plantlet, shoot length, number of leaves per plantlet, and leaf width, which amounted to 6.40 shoot explant-1, 4.00 cm, 20.60 shoot leaves -1, 0.68 cm, respectively, while a significant decrease in the average vegetative traits was observed when the concentration of BA in the medium was increased in the two treatments (8.88, 11.10) μmol.L–1 BA, which did not differ significantly between them. The results of chemical stress showed that reducing the level Mannitol to 15gm L-1 in multiplication medium led to a significant and inverse increase in the average number of vegetative shoots per plantlet, shoot length, number of leaves per shoot, and leaf width reached 4.80 shoot explant-1, 3.50 cm, 11.40 shoot explant1-, 0.44 cm in succession, and their averages decreased. By increasing the concentration in the middle. It was also observed that there was an inverse relationship between the average vegetative traits and the levels of PEG8000, where the control treatment achieved the highest significant increase in the average of all vegetative traits, amounting to 6.60 shoot explant-1, 4.06 cm, and 7.60 shoot explant-1, 0.92 cm, respectively, compared to the other averages of water stress whenever the level of PEG8000 increased. In the nutrient medium down to the level of 45g. L-1.
Hydrochemical Assessment of Tigris River for Irrigation Purposes within Baghdad Province, Iraq
Authors: Ibraheem Aqeel Khaleel , Majeed Osama S.
Published: October 2024

The aims of this study are (1) to determine whether Tigris River water is suitable for irrigation using specific irrigation indices. (2) Analysis of thirteen hydrochemical parameters, including pH, EC, TDS,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  , TA and   as total hardness. Also, seven irrigation water quality indices were used: Magnesium Hazard (MH), Kelly's Index (KI), Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR), Sodium Percentage (Na%), Soluble Sodium Percentage (SSP), Potential Salinity (PS), and Sodium Hazard (SH), supported by the most specific irrigation diagrams (Piper, USSL and Wilcox). Samples were taken monthly from twelve different sites along the river for two consecutive years (2021-2022). The results revealed that the water is suitable for irrigation chemically according to SAR, Na%, SSP, KI, and MH, except for PS due to high levels of sulfate and chloride ions. Furthermore, the USSL diagram indicated Irrigation water quality, that 100% of water samples taken from the Tigris fell into the appropriate class within 2021. While in 2022, 83.33% of samples were within the appropriate class (C3-S1). According to the Wilcox diagram, 91.66% and 83.33% among the water samples within a good class (low sodium and moderate salinity) for two consecutive years
Study Of The Effect Of Silver And Zinc Nanoparticles Prepared Biologically By The Fungus Beauveria Bassiana On The Feeding Behavior And The Insect Body Content Of Some Materials And Nutrients In The Periplaneta Americana L.
Authors: Gharib Waleed Ibrahim , Mansor Mohammed Shaker , Hussein Hazem Eidan Abdul
Published: October 2024

The study was conducted in the laboratories of the Department of Prevention / College of Agriculture / Tikrit University during the years 2023-2024 to study the effect of the nanomaterial resulting from treating the fungus Beauveria bassiana with a solution of silver nitrate and a solution of zinc oxide as it affected the daily feeding rate of the last-age nymphs of the Periplaneta americana, as this rate was 0.015 g / insect on the second day of treatment with the nanomaterial prepared using silver nitrate, while it was 0.04 for the zinc oxide treatment. While it was 0.07 g / insect for the control treatment, and the nanomaterial affected the two solutions in addition to the control treatment in a fluctuating manner during seven days of feeding. Both silver nitrate and zinc oxide treatments and the control treatment recorded 0.007, 0.05, 0.085 gm/insect on the eighth day of treatment. The treatment also affected the percentage of each of the fats for the concentrations of 0.125, 0.250, 0.500 mg/L and the control treatment if it was 23.8, 23.9, 24 and 23.8 mg) respectively for the silver nitrate treatment, while it was 22.3, 20.6, 19.5, 23.8 for the zinc oxide treatment. While the protein weight was 234.24, 127.64, 35.72, 382.81 mg/g for silver nitrate, while it was 304.37, 43.756, 233.125, 43.75 mg/g for zinc oxide. It also affected the potassium element, as the concentrations were recorded as 0.125, 0.250, 0.500 mg/L and the control treatment was 4.65, 2.36, 0.54, 6.22 mg respectively for silver nitrate and 5.14, 3.21, 0.75 and 6.25 mg respectively for zinc oxide. It also affected the weight of the sodium element, as the concentrations were recorded as 0.125, 0.250, 0.500 mg/L and the control treatment was 2.63, 1.22, 0.46, 3.24 mg respectively for silver nitrate and 2.45, 1.08, 0.42 and 3.34 mg respectively for zinc oxide. It affected the percentage of phosphorus element, as the above concentrations were recorded, 4.32, 2.61, 0.40, 6.13 mg for silver nitrate, while they were 5.12, 3.43, 0.70, 6.24 mg for zinc oxide.
The role of artificial intelligence data in estimating the extent of gully erosion the basin is Wadi Khashm Al-Mujadar
Authors: Al-Abru Duha Jawad Kazem , Al-Moardah Prof. Dr. Hussain Joban Uraybi
Published: October 2024

Wadi Khashm Al-Mujadar basin is one of the dry valleys in the southern western plateau of Iraq, it is located astronomically between two latitudes (5314.191◦29) (2437.944◦29) north, and (102.327◦46) (02.79◦46) east. It is characterized by geomorphological, hydrological and natural resource characteristics, contributes to the development of the lands of the southern Western Plateau. The importance of the topic comes from the natural and human characteristics of this basin that contribute to development, with artificial intelligence data, it has become an important tool in the process of analyzing, linking, interpreting and modeling some natural risks, to which the soil and lands are exposed under varying climatic conditions that contribute to the variation in the quality and extent of erosion. The use of artificial intelligence data is an effective tool in achieving valuable and accurate results. The research aims to use artificial intelligence data to estimate the extent of erosion, determine its type, cases, and degree of severity, and model it, depending on the results of the calibrations used, especially the Bergsma criterion for determining groove erosion. Gully erosion in the basin varies from light gully erosion to high gully erosion, due to the variation in the amount of rain, its falling regime, and the characteristics of the soil in the region, in addition to the rock formations, the steepness of the slope, the density of natural vegetation and the role of humans in it. The study showed that there are (4) erosion zones: it is a very light erosion zone(13.03 km2 and a rate of 4.28%), the area of light erosion (218.35 km2, at a rate of 71.81%, the moderate erosion zone (68.71 km2, at a rate of 22.6%, and the high erosion zone (3.99 km2, at a rate of 1.31%. The majority of the area was located within the range of light and moderate erosion, requires finding ways to reduce soil erosion and the deterioration of its structure, composition and natural properties.
Evaluate the Role of A. Baumannii in Promoting Inflammation and Meningitis-Related Genes in Various Immune Cells
Authors: Mukhlif Rafal Majid , Noomi Bashar Sadiq
Published: October 2024

The role of Acinetobacter baumannii in promoting inflammation in spleenocyte and lymph node cells has been studied by detecting the gene expression of four different genes that are related to meningitis, which was performed after treatment of laboratory animal cells with dead cells of A. baumannii, the results of gene expression by using Real Time- Quantitative PCR and graph prism software exhibited the presence of statistical differences between A. baumannii treated and non-treated laboratory animal cells. All genes showed an expression between one and a half (1.5) to more than 40 (>40) fold change. The NLRP has expression in the spleen and lymph nodes between the (2-10) folds, which increase after being activated with killed A. baumannii cells. NF Kappa B has expression in the spleen and lymph nodes between (1.5-6) fold increase after being activated with killed A. baumanniicells. GMCSF has expression in the spleen and lymph nodes between (30-40) fold increase after being activated with killed A. baumannii cells.  IL-1B has expression in the spleen and lymph nodes between (4.5-40) fold increase after being activated with killed A. baumannii cells.
Postoperative Complications After Gynecological Surgry in Al Kut City
Authors: Khudaer Tabark Salman , AL-Sarray Atta Ah Mousa , Rasheed Qahtan Adnan
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Post-operative problems are common. How the complications develop depends on the kind of operation, the preoperative treatment, and the patient's pre-existing comorbid condition. Problems following surgery can be divide into two categories: general and procedure-specific, as well as having emerged promptly, early, or late. Objectives: To determine the postoperative complications type after gynecological surgery in AL-Kut city. Methodology: A cross-sectional study had carried out in AL-Kut City, at the AL-Zahraa Teching Hospital and AL-Kut Hospital for Gynecology and Pediatrics. The seven-month data collection period started on October 16, 2023, and ended on May 16, 2024. Results: 400 female participants, ranging in age from 13 to 72, were be studied. The age distribution of the patients was 31.5 ±10, with the age group 24-34 accounting for the largest percentage of patients (41%) and the age group over 45 accounting for the lowest percentage (7.8%). In terms of marital status, the largest proportion of women (96.2%) were married, while the lowest (1.3%) were widowed. 51.2% of patients lived in urban areas, compared to 48.8% in rural ones. Patients with two to three children had the highest number of parities (34.8%), whereas 18% of patients did not have any parties. 31.8% of patients had an abortion, whereas 68.3% did not. Of which 44.3% had considered as normal BMI, 34.5% of people are overweight, 12% belong to the obese I, 4.3% to the obese II, and 4.5% are morbidly obese. Based on the patients' past medical history, hypertension was the most common ailment detected, accounting for 30.3% of cases (chronic HTN 13%, gestational HTN 17.3%), while diabetes patients made up 9.5% (chronic D.M. 6.5%, gestational D.M. 3%). Classification of Complications: 90.3% of complications occurred within 48 hours, whereas 51.3% developed intraoperative complications.  Finally, 50.2% of patients experienced a late problem 48 hours later. Conclusion: The study discovered a link between complications after gynecologic surgery and pre-operative blood transfusion and hospital stay. Hemorrhage, anesthesia difficulties, and cardiac arrhythmia were significant, were the most common late complications among the patients. On the other hand, late complications had linked to surgical duration, number of parities, and age.