bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A study of employee acceptance of artificial intelligence technology
Authors: Choi Youngkeun
Published: July 2021

Purpose

This study aims to reveal the role of artificial intelligence (AI) in the context of a front-line service meeting to understand how users accept AI technology-enabled service.

Design/methodology/approach

This study collected 454 Korean employees through online survey methods and used hierarchical regression to test the hypothesis empirically.

Findings

In the results, first, clarity of user and AI's roles, user's motivation to adopt AI-based technology and user's ability in the context of the adoption of AI-based technology increases their willingness to accept AI technology. Second, privacy concerns related to the use of AI-based technology weakens the relationship between role clarity and user's willingness to accept AI technology. And, trust related to the use of AI-based technology strengthens the relationship between ability and user's willingness to accept AI technology.

Originality/value

This study is the first one to reveal the role of AI in the context of a front-line service meeting to understand how users accept AI technology-enabled service.

研究目的

本研究旨在顯示在前線服務會議的情況下人工智能所扮演的角色，以便了解使用者如何接受人工智能科技化服務。

研究的設計/方法/理念

研究以網上問卷調查方式取得454名韓國僱員的數據，並使用層次迴歸分析，對假設進行以經驗為依據的測試。

研究結果

研究結果首先顯示、增強使用者願意接受人工智能科技的因素包括使用者與人工智能兩者角色的清晰度、使用者使用基於人工智能的科技的積極性、以及在應用基於人工智能科技的情況下使用者的能力。其次，與使用基於人工智能的科技有關的私隱問題會削弱角色清晰度與使用者是否願意接受人工智能科技之間的關係。而且，對使用基於人工智能的科技的信任會強化有關的能力與使用者是否樂意使用基於人工智能的科技之間的關係。

研究的原創性/價值

這是首個研究、去顯示在前線服務會議的情況下人工智能所扮演的角色，以便了解使用者如何接受人工智能科技化服務。
Cauchy type nonlinear inverse problem in a two-layer area
Authors: Ciałkowski Michał , Olejnik Aleksander , Joachimiak Magda , Grysa Krzysztof , Frąckowiak Andrzej
Published: July 2021

Purpose

To reduce the heat load of a gas turbine blade, its surface is covered with an outer layer of ceramics with high thermal resistance. The purpose of this paper is the selection of ceramics with such a low heat conduction coefficient and thickness, so that the permissible metal temperature is not exceeded on the metal-ceramics interface due to the loss ofmechanical properties.

Design/methodology/approach

Therefore, for given temperature changes over time on the metal-ceramics interface, temperature changes over time on the inner side of the blade and the assumed initial temperature, the temperature change over time on the outer surface of the ceramics should be determined. The problem presented in this way is a Cauchy type problem. When analyzing the problem, it is taken into account that thermophysical properties of metal and ceramics may depend on temperature. Due to the thin layer of ceramics in relation to the wall thickness, the problem is considered in the area in the flat layer. Thus, a one-dimensional non-stationary heat flow is considered.

Findings

The range of stability of the Cauchy problem as a function of time step, thickness of ceramics and thermophysical properties of metal and ceramics are examined. The numerical computations also involved the influence of disturbances in the temperature on metal-ceramics interface on the solution to the inverse problem.

Practical implications

The computational model can be used to analyze the heat flow in gas turbine blades with thermal barrier.

Originality/value

A number of inverse problems of the type considered in the paper are presented in the literature. Inverse problems, especially those Cauchy-type, are ill-conditioned numerically, which means that a small change in the inputs may result in significant errors of the solution. In such a case, regularization of the inverse problem is needed. However, the Cauchy problem presented in the paper does not require regularization.
Recreational benefits of wetlands: a survey on the Dal Lake in Jammu and Kashmir of India
Authors: Shah Showkat Ahmad , Islam Md. Saiful
Published: July 2021

Purpose

A wetland is a place of tourist attraction, and tourism values play a key role in economic development. Among various services provided by a wetland, recreational services are increasingly valuable in the tourism sector. This paper aims to unfold the potential recreational values of the Dal Lake in Jammu and Kashmir, India.

Design/methodology/approach

The study uses individual travel cost methods (TCMs) and assesses its impact on regional development in terms of income and employment generation. A sample of 200 tourists is selected through an on-site survey on Dal Lake, and the demand for recreational visits and its value is estimated by employing the truncated Poisson regression model (TPRM) and un-truncated Poisson regression model (UTPRM). The consumers' surplus is estimated and tourists' benefit to visiting the wetland is explored.

Findings

On average, estimated consumers' surplus per visitor is Rs 6,250 (US$96.15) and Rs 25,000 (US$384.61) from respective models. The annual total recreational value of the lake is accounted for Rs 1713m (US$ 26m). This high consumer surplus (CS) and recreational values of the lake indicate large demand for its recreational facilities.

Originality/value

The study is based on primary data and thus, is original. The paper has implications for the policymakers to formulate sustainable management plans for the proper use of Dal Lake and tourism development.
Improved two factor fuzzy commitment scheme for securing IoT device
Authors: T. Yuvarani , A.R. Arunachalam
Published: July 2021

Purpose

Generally, Internet-of-Things (IoT) is quite small sized with limited resource and low cost that may be vulnerable for physical and cloned attacking. All kind of authentication protocols designed to IoT devices are robust despite which it is prone to attack by hackers. In order to resolve this issue, there are various researches that have introduced the best method for obscuring the cryptographic key. However, the studies have majorly aimed to generate the key dynamically from noise data by Fuzzy Extractor (FE) or Fuzzy Commitment (FC). Hence, these methods have utilized this kind of data with noisy source namely Physical Unclonable Function (PUF) or biometric data. There are several IoT devices that get operated over undermined environment in which biometric data is not available but the technique utilized with biometric data can't be used to undermined IoT devices. Even though, the PUF technique is implemented for the undermined IoT devices this is quite vulnerable over physical attacks inclusive of accidental move and theft.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper has proposed an advanced scheme in fuzzy commitment over IoT devices which is said to be Improved Two Factor Fuzzy Commitment Scheme (ITFFCS) and this proposed ITFFCS has used two kind of noisy factors present inside and outside the IoT devices. Though, an intruder has accomplished the IoT devices with an access to the internal noisy source, the intruder can't select an exact key from the available data which have been compared using comparable module as an interest.

Findings

Moreover, the proposed ITFFC method results are compared with existing Static Random Accessible Memory (SRAM) PUF in enterprises application which illustrated the proposed ITFFC method with PUF has accomplished better results in parameters such as energy consumption, area utilization, False Acceptance Ratio (FAR) and Failure Rejection Ratio (FRR).

Originality/value

Thus, the proposed ITFFCS-PUF is comparatively better than existing method in both FAR and FRR with an average of 0.18% and 0.28%.
A system for relation-oriented faceted search over knowledge bases
Authors: Aso Taro , Amagasa Toshiyuki , Kitagawa Hiroyuki
Published: July 2021

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to propose a scheme that allows users to interactively explore relations between entities in knowledge bases (KBs). KBs store a wide range of knowledge about real-world entities in a structured form as (subject, predicate, object). Although it is possible to query entities and relations among entities by specifying appropriate query expressions of SPARQL or keyword queries, the structure and the vocabulary are complicated, and it is hard for non-expert users to get the desired information. For this reason, many researchers have proposed faceted search interfaces for KBs. Nevertheless, existing ones are designed for finding entities and are insufficient for finding relations.

Design/methodology/approach

To this problem, the authors propose a novel “relation facet” to find relations between entities. To generate it, they applied clustering on predicates for grouping those predicates that are connected to common objects. Having generated clusters of predicates, the authors generated a facet according to the result. Specifically, they proposed to use a couple of clustering algorithms, namely, agglomerative hierarchical clustering (AHC) and CANDECOMP/PARAFAC (CP) tensor decomposition which is one of the tensor decomposition methods.

Findings

The authors experimentally show test the performance of clustering methods and found that AHC performs better than tensor decomposition. Besides, the authors conducted a user study and show that their proposed scheme performs better than existing ones in the task of searching relations.

Originality/value

The authors propose a relation-oriented faceted search method for KBs that allows users to explore relations between entities. As far as the authors know, this is the first method to focus on the exploration of relations between entities.
Asymmetric effect of feature level sentiment on product rating: an application of bigram natural language processing (NLP) analysis
Authors: Oh Yun Kyung , Yi Jisu
Published: July 2021

Purpose

The evaluation of perceived attribute performance reflected in online consumer reviews (OCRs) is critical in gaining timely marketing insights. This study proposed a text mining approach to measure consumer sentiments at the feature level and their asymmetric impacts on overall product ratings.

Design/methodology/approach

This study employed 49,130 OCRs generated for 14 wireless earbud products on Amazon.com. Word combinations of the major quality dimensions and related sentiment words were identified using bigram natural language processing (NLP) analysis. This study combined sentiment dictionaries and feature-related bigrams and measured feature level sentiment scores in a review. Furthermore, the authors examined the effect of feature level sentiment on product ratings.

Findings

The results indicate that customer sentiment for product features measured from text reviews significantly and asymmetrically affects the overall rating. Building upon the three-factor theory of customer satisfaction, the key quality dimensions of wireless earbuds are categorized into basic, excitement and performance factors.

Originality/value

This study provides a novel approach to assess customer feature level evaluation of a product and its impact on customer satisfaction based on big data analytics. By applying the suggested methodology, marketing managers can gain in-depth insights into consumer needs and reflect this knowledge in their future product or service improvement.
Performance measurement and resource sharing among business sub-units in the presence of non-discretionary factors
Authors: Shakouri Rita , Salahi Maziar
Published: July 2021

Purpose

This paper aims to apply a new approach for resource sharing and efficiency estimation of subunits in the presence of non-discretionary factors and partial impacts among inputs and outputs in the data envelopment analysis (DEA) framework.

Design/methodology/approach

First, inspired by the Imaniradet al.’s model (2013), the authors consider that each decision-making unit (DMU) may consist of several subunits, that each of which can be affected by non-discretionary inputs. After that, the Banker and Morey’s model (1996) is used for modeling non-discretionary factors. For measuring performance of several subunits, which can be considered as DMUs, the aggregate efficiency is suggested. At last, the overall efficiency is computed and compared with each other.

Findings

One of the important features of proposed model is that each output in this model applies discretionary input according to its need; therefore, the result of this study will make it easier for the managers to make better decisions. Also, it indicates that significant predictions of the development of the overall efficiency of DMUs can be based on observing the development level of subunits because of the influence of non-discretionary input. Therefore, the proposed model provides a more reasonable and encompassing measure of performance in participating non-discretionary and discretionary inputs to better efficiency. An application of the proposed model for gaining efficiency of 17 road patrols is provided.

Research limitations/implications

More non-discretionary and discretionary inputs can be taken into consideration for a better analysis. This study provides us with a framework for performance measures along with useful managerial insights. Focusing upon the right scope of operations may help out the management in improving their overall efficiency and performance. In the recent highway maintenance management systems, the environmental differences exist among patrols and other geotechnical services under the climate diverse. Further, in some cases, there might exist more than one non-discretionary factor that can have different effects on the subunits’ performance.

Practical implications

The purpose of this paper was to measure the performance of a set of the roadway maintenance crews and to analyze the impact of non-discretionary inputs on the efficiency of the roadway maintenance. The application of the proposed model, on the one hand, showed that each output in this model uses discretionary input according to its requirement, and on the other hand, the result showed that meaningful predictions of the development of the overall efficiency of DMUs can be based on observing the development level of subunits because of the impact of non-discretionary input.

Originality/value

Providing information on resource sharing by taking into account non-discretionary factors for each subunit can help managers to make better decisions to increase the efficiency.
Legal frameworks for urban agriculture: Sydney case study
Authors: Corkery Linda , Osmond Paul , Williams Peter
Published: July 2021

Purpose

This paper aims to examine the planning policy and legal framework governing the creation and operation of urban agriculture in Sydney, Australia’s global city. All levels of urban agriculture are considered – from domestic and small community gardens to large agribusiness – as all make an important contribution to agricultural production in an urban context.

Design/methodology/approach

Using the Australian State of New South Wales and its capital Sydney, as a focus, the study examines the recent trend of the recognition and re-establishment of agriculture as a desired land use in cities. Three examples are selected for closer scrutiny – Horsley Park Urban Agriculture Precinct, located in the Western Sydney Parklands; City of Sydney’s City Farm, located in the inner suburb of St Peters; and the Western Sydney Aerotropolis Agribusiness Precinct, located at a new airport on the fringe of Sydney.

Findings

As more city-dwellers embrace urban food production and as city authorities seek to encourage and facilitate farming activities, it is clear that regulatory structures which allow it to happen should be incorporated into urban planning legislation at (in the Australian context) state government level. If cities want to encourage urban agriculture, planning legislation needs to be part of the broader legal framework for enabling it to germinate and thrive.

Originality/value

This paper explores the emergence of two new types of urban agriculture: first, the multi-functional, small-scale urban farming operation, situated conceptually between a community garden and a full-scale commercial agricultural enterprise, and located spatially in the midst of built-up urban form; and second, the intensive, high tech export-oriented model exemplified by the Aerotropolis Agribusiness Precinct.
Learning with the devil: mentoring and advocates
Authors: Wilson Fiona
Published: July 2021

Purpose

The purpose of this research was to understand the lived experience of mentoring to provide insight for those who manage and experience mentoring at work.

Design/methodology/approach

Semi-structured interviews with a cohort of 43 mentors and their mentees plus key informants were conducted. It is a longitudinal qualitative study undertaken with a year's cohort of mentors (referred to as “devilmasters”) and mentees (“devils”) in the profession of law, amongst Scottish barristers, advocates.

Findings

The meanings of mentoring differed widely between individuals. Mentoring relationships differed in their depth, quality and benefits the mentees received. The research findings reveal the inconsistencies and inequalities that are a fundamental part of the experience of mentoring that, as yet, the research literature has missed. The research also revealed how mentoring alone was not enough and that structured training was required to supplement mentoring. Further, there is a dependency to be found in mentoring. The mentoring process is power laden.

Research limitations/implications

Researchers may need to provide a definition of mentoring to those they research. Power needs to be fore-grounded in research.

Originality/value

As almost all previous research on mentoring is survey based, this is one of the few studies of the lived experience of mentoring, socialization and cognitive apprenticeship.
Integrating equity, diversity, and inclusion into social innovation education: a case study of critical service-learning
Authors: Otten Rebecca , Faughnan Máille , Flattley Megan , Fleurinor Samantha
Published: July 2021

Purpose

Social innovation education aims to equip students with the skills and mindsets to pursue sustainable and just solutions to complex challenges, yet many programs fail to address the power dynamics underlying unjust social structures. This paper aims to examine a social innovation course that integrates equity, diversity and inclusion principles through critical service-learning.

Design/methodology/approach

Researchers conducted semi-structured interviews of 25 students and 5 key informants in a qualitative, single case design to understand multiple perspectives on significant factors in transformative learning. Document review and auto-ethnographic insights provide additional case background.

Findings

Students identified the service experience as unique and high impact. Significant factors included the atypical service structure, the EDI framework, and the partner organization as an exemplar in the field. Students displayed a spectrum of learning, from recall and comprehension to critical evaluation, new worldviews, and behavior change.

Research limitations/implications

The findings of this qualitative study pertain to one partnership but are generalizable to theories. These findings are plausibly transferable to other experiential social innovation courses embedded in elite, private, predominately white research universities.

Originality/value

This empirical case examines a unique pedagogical and curricular innovation. By seeking to understand factors and outcomes of experiential learning, this study contributes to the literature on social innovation education and critical service-learning. The analysis produced novel insights for faculty and institutions aiming to integrate equity, diversity, and inclusion goals into social innovation programs.
Response of foliar mineral nutrients to long‐term nitrogen and phosphorus addition in a tropical forest
Authors: Mo Qifeng , Wang Wenjuan , Lambers Hans , Chen Yiqun , Yu Shiqin , Wu Chunsheng , Fan Yingxu , Zhou Qing , Li Zhi’an , Wang Faming
Published: July 2021

Mineral nutrients play a pivotal role in plant growth, development and reproduction. The uptake and distribution of nutrients are generally limited by soil nutrient availability, affected by global change. However, the responses of foliar mineral nutrient concentrations to changes in soil nutrient availability remain largely untested in tropical forests.

We used a field‐based experiment with nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) addition in a tropical forest in southern China to investigate the effect of N and P fertilization on exchangeable soil and foliar mineral nutrients of five understorey species.

Our results show that N addition did not change soil pH, but reduced exchangeable soil Ca2+, Mg2+, Zn2+, Fe3+ and Mn2+ concentrations. In contrast, P addition increased soil pH, while it had no effects on exchangeable cations. Nitrogen addition significantly decreased foliar [Ca], [Mg] and [Mn], while P addition markedly reduced foliar [Cu] for most of the studied species. Foliar [K] and [Fe] were not affected by fertilization. The results indicate that long‐term N addition reduced the concentrations of several mineral nutrients in leaves, and we did not observe any adaptive mechanisms (e.g. increased transpiration to take up mobile soil nutrients) in the studied species to maintain foliar nutrient concentrations at high N supply.

Synthesis. The responses of other foliar nutrient concentrations to N and P co‐addition were more complicated than those of N and/or P, and the specific decreases in mineral nutrient concentrations following long‐term N addition may influence key physiological process in the studied tropical understorey species, and ultimately reduce their fitness and survival under high N deposition.

A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
Coastal wetland management in the Great Barrier Reef: Farmer perceptions
Authors: Oza Tanvi Mihir , Lane Ruth , Adame Maria Fernanda , Reef Ruth
Published: July 2021

Poor water quality caused by intensive sugarcane farming has been among the main causes of coastal degradation around the Great Barrier Reef (GBR). Despite regulations and incentives, water quality in the GBR has yet to reach government targets, and there is an urgent need to investigate alternative management approaches. In this study, we have employed a social‐ecological approach to understand farmers' attitudes to existing nutrient and sediment management approaches, assess farmers' perceptions of managing coastal wetlands to ameliorate agricultural run‐off, and propose how these findings could inform integrative policy development for the GBR. We conducted semi‐structured interviews with sugarcane farmers in the Wet Tropics to understand perceptions of ecosystem services, coastal wetlands and industry challenges. We linked our analysis of key issues of concern to farmers with broader environmental and land use issues and have outlined future policy considerations in the face of socio‐economic and climatic change. Our conclusions emphasise the need to rethink future land tenure in low‐lying areas of North Queensland, the importance of considering ecosystem services provided by coastal wetlands in policy models and the need for a payments for ecosystem services (PES) model to safeguard the future of the GBR.
The design and application of a 50 K SNP chip for a threatened Aotearoa New Zealand passerine, the hihi
Authors: Lee Kate D. , Millar Craig D. , Brekke Patricia , Whibley Annabel , Ewen John G. , Hingston Melanie , Zhu Amy , Santure Anna W.
Published: July 2021

Next‐generation sequencing has transformed the fields of ecological and evolutionary genetics by allowing for cost‐effective identification of genome‐wide variation. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) arrays, or “SNP chips”, enable very large numbers of individuals to be consistently genotyped at a selected set of these identified markers, and also offer the advantage of being able to analyse samples of variable DNA quality. We used reduced representation restriction‐aided digest sequencing (RAD‐seq) of 31 birds of the threatened hihi (Notiomystis cincta; stitchbird) and low‐coverage whole genome sequencing (WGS) of 10 of these birds to develop an Affymetrix 50 K SNP chip. We overcame the limitations of having no hihi reference genome and a low quantity of sequence data by separate and pooled de novo assembly of each of the 10 WGS birds. Reads from all individuals were mapped back to these de novo assemblies to identify SNPs. A subset of RAD‐seq and WGS SNPs were selected for inclusion on the chip, prioritising SNPs with the highest quality scores whose flanking sequence uniquely aligned to the zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata) genome. Of the 58,466 SNPs manufactured on the chip, 72% passed filtering metrics and were polymorphic. By genotyping 1,536 hihi on the array, we found that SNPs detected in multiple assemblies were more likely to successfully genotype, representing a cost‐effective approach to identify SNPs for genotyping. Here, we demonstrate the utility of the SNP chip by describing the high rates of linkage disequilibrium in the hihi genome, reflecting the history of population bottlenecks in the species.
Dramatic response to alectinib in a patient with ALK‐rearranged squamous cell lung cancer
Authors: Shiihara Jun , Ohyanagi Fumiyoshi , Amari Hikari , Toda Minemichi , Tahara Hiroki , Yuzawa Motoi , Maeda Yuki , Nomura Motoko , Mizushina Yoshiko , Nagai Yoshiaki , Ohta Hiromitsu , Yamaguchi Yasuhiro
Published: July 2021

Lung cancers with anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) rearrangements are highly sensitive to treatment with ALK tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Due to the very low rate of patients with squamous cell carcinoma enrolled in clinical trials, the efficacy of ALK inhibitors in patients with ALK‐rearranged squamous cell carcinoma in the lung remains unclear. Herein, we present the case of a 70‐year‐old female patient with squamous cell lung cancer harboring the echinoderm microtubule‐associated protein‐like 4 (EML4)‐ALK fusion gene. The patient was treated with the ALK‐TKI alectinib as first‐line regimen and achieved a dramatic response without severe adverse events, demonstrating alectinib as a therapeutic option for patients with ALK‐positive squamous cell carcinoma.
Conservative management of a cervical horizontal root fracture by long‐term stabilisation: A case report
Authors: Özler Cansu Özşin , Cehreli Zafer C.
Published: July 2021

Cervical root fractures are often more difficult to manage than fractures of the apical and middle third of the root, due to the weak chance of healing with dental hard tissue between fragments, and the likelihood of subsequent infection of the root canal system. This case report describes the management of a cervical horizontal root fracture by repositioning the coronal fragment of a maxillary central incisor, and long‐term splinting using a bonded lingual orthodontic retainer wire. Throughout the 7‐year stabilisation period with clinical and radiographic follow‐up, the tooth has remained asymptomatic with radiographic evidence of progressive pulp canal obliteration. In applicable cases, long‐term stabilisation of the fractured coronal fragment with a fixed orthodontic retainer may offer a minimally invasive solution to maintain pulp vitality, function and aesthetics until cessation of growth or until a more comprehensive, multidisciplinary approach is required.
Post robotic investment: Cost consequences and impact on length of stay for obese women with endometrial cancer
Authors: Korsholm Malene , Gyrd‐Hansen Dorte , Mogensen Ole , Möller Sören , Joergensen Siv L. , Jensen Pernille T.
Published: July 2021

Introduction

The aim of the study was to investigate whether robotic‐assisted surgery is associated with lower incremental resource use among obese patients relative to non‐obese patients after a Danish nationwide adoption of robotic‐assisted surgery in women with early‐stage endometrial cancer. This is a population‐based cohort study based on registers and clinical data.

Material and methods

All women who underwent surgery (robotic, laparoscopic and laparotomy) from 2008 to 2015 were included and divided according to body mass index (<30 and ≥30). Robotic‐assisted surgery was gradually introduced in Denmark (2008–2013). We compared resource use post‐surgery in obese vs non‐obese women who underwent surgery before and after a nationwide adoption of robotic‐assisted surgery. The key exposure variable was exposure to robotic‐assisted surgery. Clinical and sociodemographic data were linked with national register data to determine costs and bed days 12 months before and after surgery applying difference‐in‐difference analyses.

Results

In total, 3934 women were included. The adoption of robotic‐assisted surgery did not demonstrate statistically significant implications for total costs among obese women (€3,417; 95% confidence interval [CI] −€854 to €7,688, p = 0.117). Further, for obese women, a statistically significant reduction in bed days related to the index hospitalization was demonstrated (−1.9 bed days; 95% CI −3.6 to −0.2, p = 0.025). However, for non‐obese women, the adoption of robotic‐assisted surgery was associated with statistically significant total costs increments of €9,333 (95% CI €3,729–€1,4936, p = 0.001) and no reduction in bed days related to the index hospitalization was observed (+0.9 bed days; 95% CI −0.6 to 2.3, p = 0.242).

Conclusions

The national investment in robotic‐assisted surgery for endometrial cancer seems to have more modest cost implications post‐surgery for obese women. This may be partly driven by a significant reduction in bed days related to the index hospitalization among obese women, as well as reductions in subsequent hospitalizations.
4 Cholula: The Mall of [Meso]america
Authors: McCafferty Geoffrey G.
Published: July 2021

Ethnohistoric sources describe the market of Postclassic Cholula as featuring goods from throughout Mesoamerica. Furthermore, the merchant guilds centered in the city, followers of the god Yacatecuhtli/Quetzalcoatl, were elevated to princely status. Contact‐period sources also describe the political organization of the city, in which these merchant princes played a prominent role. The far‐flung influence of the religio‐commercial diaspora is represented through the distinctive symbolism of the Mixteca‐Puebla stylistic tradition, found throughout Postclassic Mesoamerica and as far south as Pacific Nicaragua. This paper uses the ethnohistorical evidence to construct a model of Cholula's urban economy and its international influence, with archaeological evidence to critically evaluate the sources.
6 Urban Commerce in the Jovel Valley of Highland Chiapas
Authors: Paris Elizabeth H. , López Bravo Roberto
Published: July 2021

The Late Classic and Early Postclassic civic centers of Moxviquil and Cerro Ecatepec/CV‐38, located in the Jovel Valley of highland Chiapas, supported a number of institutions that provide evidence for a low level of commercialization. These include a possible periodic marketplace in the Main Plaza of Moxviquil, indirect evidence of merchant activity, and the use of widely circulating formal currencies, media of exchange, and imported luxury goods. However, many imported commodities were not equally consumed at all sites in the valley, and many widely‐circulating currency items were ultimately deposited in elite funerary contexts.[Maya, Chiapas, marketplace, currency, exchange]
Baseline extended zone retinal vascular calibres associate with sensory nerve abnormalities in adolescents with type 1 diabetes: A prospective longitudinal study
Authors: Velayutham Vallimayil , Benitez‐Aguirre Paul Z. , Liew Gerald , Wong Tien Y. , Jenkins Alicia J. , Craig Maria E. , Donaghue Kim C.
Published: July 2021

Objective

The relationship between retinal vascular calibres (RVCs) and diabetic neuropathy is unclear. We investigated associations between RVCs and sensory nerve abnormality in adolescents with type 1 diabetes.

Research design and methods

In a prospective longitudinal study of 889 adolescents with type 1 diabetes with baseline mean (±SD) age 14.1 ± 1.5 years and HbA1c IFCC 69.4 ± 14.1 mmol/mol (8.6 ± 1.3%), RVCs were assessed from baseline retinal photographs: ‘central zone’ calibres, summarized as central retinal arteriolar (CRAE) and venular equivalents (CRVE) and ‘extended zone’ calibres: mean width of arterioles (MWa) and venules (MWv). Sensory nerve abnormality was defined as at least one abnormal sensory quantitative testing from two thermal and two vibration threshold tests measured at foot every 1–2 years. Associations between baseline RVC and sensory nerve function were examined using generalized estimating equations and cumulative risk by Cox regression analyses.

Results

During a median study follow‐up of 6.2 [IQR 3.7–10.4] years, sensory nerve abnormality was found in 27% of adolescents. Narrower extended zone calibre quartiles but not CRAE or CRVE quartiles were independently associated with sensory nerve abnormality: MWa (Q1 vs. Q2‐4: OR 1.35 (95% CI 1.02, 1.61) and MWv (Q1 vs. Q2‐4: 1.31 (1.03, 1.7)), after adjusting for HbA1c, duration and blood pressure. Similarly, in Cox regression, the narrowest quartiles were associated with sensory nerve abnormality: MWa hazard ratio (HR) 1.5 (1.3, 1.8) and MWv 1.6 (1.4, 1.9).

Conclusions

Narrower extended zone retinal calibres were associated with sensory nerve abnormality in adolescents with type 1 diabetes and may present useful biomarkers to understand the pathophysiology of neuropathy.
A hybrid feature selection model based on butterfly optimization algorithm: COVID‐19 as a case study
Authors: EL‐Hasnony Ibrahim M. , Elhoseny Mohamed , Tarek Zahraa
Published: July 2021

The need to evolve a novel feature selection (FS) approach was motivated by the persistence necessary for a robust FS system, the time‐consuming exhaustive search in traditional methods, and the favourable swarming manner in various optimization techniques. Most of the datasets have a high dimension in many issues since all features are not crucial to the problem, which reduces the algorithm's accuracy and efficiency. This article presents a hybrid feature selection approach to solve the low precision and tardy convergence of the butterfly optimization algorithm (BOA). The proposed method is dependent on combining the algorithm of BOA and the particle swarm optimization (PSO) as a search methodology using a wrapper framework. BOA is started with a one‐dimensional cubic map in the proposed approach, and a non‐linear parameter control technique is also implemented. To boost the basic BOA for global optimization, PSO algorithm is mixed with the butterfly optimization algorithm (BOAPSO). A 25 dataset evaluates the proposed BOAPSO to determine its efficiency with three metrics: classification precision, the selected features, and the computational time. A COVID‐19 dataset has been used to evaluate the proposed approach. Compared to the previous approaches, the findings show the supremacy of BOAPSO for enhancing performance precision and minimizing the number of chosen features. Concerning the accuracy, the experimental outcomes demonstrate that the proposed model converges rapidly and performs better than with the PSO, BOA, and GWO with improvement percentages: 91.07%, 87.2%, 87.8%, 87.3%, respectively. Moreover, the proposed model's average selected features are 5.7 compared to the PSO, BOA, and GWO, with average features 22.5, 18.05, and 23.1, respectively.
Implementing Open Dialogue approaches: A scoping review
Authors: Buus Niels , Ong Ben , Einboden Rochelle , Lennon Elizabeth , Mikes‐Liu Kristof , Mayers Steven , McCloughen Andrea
Published: July 2021

Open Dialogue approaches fall broadly into the area of systemic psychotherapeutic practices. They encourage active participation of families and social networks, and emphasize genuine collaboration within highly integrated systems of health‐care service delivery. These approaches are currently being implemented in a growing number of services across the globe, and in this review, we summarize and discuss insights from papers concerned with the implementation of Open Dialogue. We used a scoping review method, which included systematic literature searches and summarizing data extraction as well as consultation with eight Open Dialogue implementation stakeholders who were invited to comment on preliminary review findings and a draft paper. We included 18 studies in the review and present their content under four thematic headings: 1. Training, 2. Family and network experiences, 3. Staff members’ experiences, and 4. Structural and organizational barriers and resistance to implementation. In general, the studies did not include rich descriptions of the implementation contexts, which made it difficult to draw conclusions across studies about effective implementation practices. The discussion draws on Jamous and Peloille’s (Professions and professionalisation, 1970, Cambridge University Press, 109‐152) concepts of “indeterminacy” and “technicality,” and we argue that the indeterminacy that dominates Open Dialogue is a challenge to implementation efforts that favor specific and standardized practices. We conclude by encouraging the development of implementation initiatives that theorize Open Dialogue practices with higher levels of technicality without corrupting the fundamental spirit of the approach.
Factors associated with psychological distress in family caregivers: Findings from nationwide data in Japan
Authors: Sun Yu , Iwagami Masao , Watanabe Taeko , Sakata Nobuo , Sugiyama Takehiro , Miyawaki Atsushi , Tamiya Nanako
Published: July 2021

Aim

Family caregivers can experience psychological distress, resulting in physical and mental health problems, and discontinuation of caregiving. This study's objective was to examine factors associated with caregiver psychological distress.

Methods

We analyzed data from the Comprehensive Survey of Living Conditions in 2007, 2010, 2013 and 2016, which included 12 504 pairs of caregivers and care recipients sharing a household in Japan. Kessler's Psychological Distress Scale (K6) was used to measure caregiver psychological distress. Multivariable logistic regression analyses identified factors associated with caregiver psychological distress (K6 score ≥5).

Results

Caregivers' median K6 score was 3 (interquartile range 0–7), and 38.6% had a K6 score ≥5. K6 scores ≥5 were positively associated with female sex (adjusted odds ratio 1.35, 95% CI 1.21–1.51), poor caregiver health status (compared with “very good,” 9.48, 95% CI 7.91–11.37 for “not very good/poor”), longer care time (compared with “help only when needed,” 1.40, 95% CI 1.25–1.58 for “almost all day”) and dementia (1.16, 95% CI 1.05–1.28), lower respiratory tract disease (1.25, 95% CI 1.06–1.49) and diabetes (1.16, 95% CI 1.00–1.33) in care recipients. K6 scores ≥5 were negatively associated with older caregiver age (compared with 20–54 years, 0.65, 95%CI 0.58–0.74 for 55–64 years, 0.54, 95%CI 0.46–0.63 for 65–74 years and 0.50, 95% CI 0.40–0.62 for ≥75 years), employment (0.88, 95% CI 0.80–0.97) and being a care recipient's child‐in‐law (compared with spouse 0.75, 95% CI 0.61–0.92).

Conclusions

The findings identified several factors associated with caregiver psychological distress, showing that particular attention might need to be paid to caregivers with these risk factors. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2021; 21: 855–864.
COVID‐19 in hospitalized HIV‐positive and HIV‐negative patients: A matched study
Authors: Díez Cristina , Del Romero‐Raposo Jorge , Mican Rafael , López Juan C. , Blanco José R. , Calzado Sonia , Samperiz Gloria , Portilla Joaquín , García‐Fraile Lucio J. , Gutiérrez Félix , Gómez‐Sirvent Juan L. , Suárez‐García Inés , Amador Concha , Novella María , Arribas Jose R. , Moreno Santiago , González‐García Juan , Jarrín Inmaculada , Berenguer Juan ,   for CoRIS
Published: July 2021

Objectives

We compared the characteristics and clinical outcomes of hospitalized individuals with COVID‐19 with [people with HIV (PWH)] and without (non‐PWH) HIV co‐infection in Spain during the first wave of the pandemic.

Methods

This was a retrospective matched cohort study. People with HIV were identified by reviewing clinical records and laboratory registries of 10 922 patients in active‐follow‐up within the Spanish HIV Research Network (CoRIS) up to 30 June 2020. Each hospitalized PWH was matched with five non‐PWH of the same age and sex randomly selected from COVID‐19@Spain, a multicentre cohort of 4035 patients hospitalized with confirmed COVID‐19. The main outcome was all‐cause in‐hospital mortality.

Results

Forty‐five PWH with PCR‐confirmed COVID‐19 were identified in CoRIS, 21 of whom were hospitalized. A total of 105 age/sex‐matched controls were selected from the COVID‐19@Spain cohort. The median age in both groups was 53 (Q1–Q3, 46–56) years, and 90.5% were men. In PWH, 19.1% were injecting drug users, 95.2% were on antiretroviral therapy, 94.4% had HIV‐RNA < 50 copies/mL, and the median (Q1–Q3) CD4 count was 595 (349–798) cells/μL. No statistically significant differences were found between PWH and non‐PWH in number of comorbidities, presenting signs and symptoms, laboratory parameters, radiology findings and severity scores on admission. Corticosteroids were administered to 33.3% and 27.4% of PWH and non‐PWH, respectively (P = 0.580). Deaths during admission were documented in two (9.5%) PWH and 12 (11.4%) non‐PWH (P = 0.800).

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that well‐controlled HIV infection does not modify the clinical presentation or worsen clinical outcomes of COVID‐19 hospitalization.
Thrombin generation in children using ThromboScreen reagent kit with ST Genesia—A pilot study
Authors: Gassiot Susanna , Ruiz‐Llobet Anna , Suleman Warda , Sarrate Edurne , Berrueco Ruben
Published: July 2021

Introduction

Thrombin generation assays assess overall coagulation system and are widely used in research; however, they still need standardization and clinical validation. The new ST Genesia is a benchtop, automated analyzer that normalizes each thrombin generation parameter using a reference plasma. The ThromboScreen reagent kit has two triggers, one of which contains thrombomodulin to assess the effect of the protein C pathway. This study aimed to make a pilot approach to the ThromboScreen reference range in children and evaluate the impact of sex, age, and pro‐ and anticoagulant plasma proteins on thrombin generation parameters.

Methods

This study included 55 healthy children from the following age groups: 1‐6 years (n = 14), 7‐11 years (n = 15), and 12‐17 years (n = 26). Children younger than 1 year were excluded from the study. We measured thrombin generation using ThromboScreen, coagulation routine and test, pro‐ and anticoagulant proteins.

Results

Age did not influence ThromboScreen results. Males showed significantly lower endogenous thrombin potential and peak height values than females. The strongest determinants of endogenous thrombin potential were von Willebrand factor parameters, whereas for endogenous thrombin potential inhibition, the strongest determinants were protein C and protein S. No statistically significant differences were found between groups on temporal parameters.

Conclusions

For the ThromboScreen reagent kit, it may not be necessary to subdivide reference ranges according to age for children (>1 year).
Outcome of transvenous lead extraction in patients on minimally interrupted periprocedural direct oral anticoagulation therapy
Authors: Issa Ziad F. , Elayyan Mays A. M.
Published: July 2021

Background

Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) have increasingly been used for several indications for systemic anticoagulation in patients with cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs). The optimal management of anticoagulation therapy in patients undergoing transvenous lead extraction (TLE) procedures remains uncertain.

Objectives

The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and safety of TLE during minimally interrupted DOAC therapy.

Methods

This is a single‐center retrospective study of all patients who underwent TLE of a pacemaker or implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator lead while on DOAC therapy. In patients deemed to be at high thromboembolic risk, the last DOAC dose was administered the morning of the day before the procedure (regardless of the type of DOAC) and was restarted as soon as possible after the procedure, without bridging with parenteral anticoagulation.

Results

During the study period, a total of 84 patients underwent TLE while on minimally interrupted DOAC therapy (54% female, mean age: 74 ± 12 years). TLE was attempted for 161 leads, with a median lead dwell time of 61 months (interquartile range, 38–101). Complete procedural success was achieved for 156 leads (96.9%) and partial success for additional two leads (1.2%). One patient developed RV perforation and required pericardiocentesis and blood transfusion, but no surgical repair. Two patients developed pocket hematomas requiring invasive evacuation. No systemic or venous thromboembolic events were observed. There was no in‐hospital mortality.

Conclusions

In selected CIED patients at high risk for thromboembolism, TLE during minimally interrupted DOAC therapy may be considered when performed at experienced centers.
Nondestructive identification of barley seeds variety using near‐infrared hyperspectral imaging coupled with convolutional neural network
Authors: Singh Tarandeep , Garg Neerja Mittal , Iyengar S. R. S.
Published: July 2021

Nondestructive inspection of varietal purity of seeds plays an important role in crop improvement, agricultural production, and plant breeding. In the present study, a rapid and nondestructive technique, that is, near‐infrared hyperspectral imaging (NIR‐HSI) was applied to discriminate the barley seeds variety. A large dataset of 35,280 seeds was collected from different locations and years incorporating 35 Indian barley varieties (29 hulled and 6 naked barley varieties). The hyperspectral reflectance images of the ventral side and dorsal side of seeds were acquired in the near‐infrared range of 900–1700 nm. Mean spectra were extracted and pretreated by six preprocessing techniques (standard normal variate (SNV), multiplicative scatter correction (MSC), Savitzky–Golay (SG) smoothing, SG first derivative, SG second derivative, and detrending). Subsequently, raw and preprocessed spectral data were fed as input to the convolutional neural network (CNN) including traditional machine learning models (partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS‐DA), K‐nearest neighbors (KNN), and support vector machines (SVM)). It was observed that the end‐to‐end CNN model built on raw spectra overperformed the model using the preprocessing strategies. In addition, the CNN model outperformed the three traditional models with a testing set accuracy of greater than 98%. The results demonstrated that NIR‐HSI coupled with end‐to‐end CNN could be a robust way to quickly, accurately, and nondestructively identify the variety of barley seeds.

Practical Applications

The commercial price and quality of barley mainly depend upon its varietal purity. Identification of barley seeds variety is an important step to select the seeds for different purposes such as food, malt, and fodder. Traditional methods for the identification of barley seeds variety are time‐consuming, expensive, and destructive. Near‐infrared hyperspectral imaging, as an emerging fast and nondestructive technique, looks promising for seed quality and safety evaluation. Moreover, the convolutional neural network has a better capability to accurately discriminate spectra extracted from seeds of different varieties of barley. The results in this study can provide a reference and theoretical basis to develop a real‐time inspection system for fast, accurate, and nondestructive barley seeds purity testing.