bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Resource Use and Deprivation: Geographical Analysis of the Ecological Footprint and Townsend Index for England
Authors: Morse Stephen , Vogiatzakis Ioannis
Published: July 2014

The relationship between consumption and deprivation has been explored at various scales in the literature. It would be expected that increased deprivation leads to less consumption and vice versa. However, what is the form of that relationship? Evidence from international studies using the Human Development Index (HDI) and Ecological Footprint (EF) for nation states suggest that the relationship is curved such that an increase in HDI (decrease in deprivation) is linearly associated with an increase in EF (consumption and impact on the environment) up to a point but beyond that there can be widely different values for the EF for the same value of HDI. Given that deprivation and consumption within a single country can be expected to be more homogenous than that observed between countries does this result in a linear relationship between the two variables? We tested the relationship between the Townsend Index of Deprivation (TID) and EF for English regions, using fine scale data as derived from the UK Census and the Stockholm Environment Institute respectively. The results suggest that the relationship between the EF and deprivation for most English regions is markedly linear; with the level of deprivation declining with increasing EF. The picture is remarkably consistent across most of the regions and the only region where this simple picture becomes distorted is London. The paper discusses the relevance of this finding and implications for future research.
Physical principles of fluid-mediated insect attachment - Shouldn’t insects slip?
Authors: Dirks Jan-Henning
Published: July 2014

Insects use either hairy or smooth adhesive pads to safely adhere to various kinds of surfaces. Although the two types of adhesive pads are morphologically different, they both form contact with the substrate via a thin layer of adhesive fluid. To model adhesion and friction forces generated by insect footpads often a simple “wet adhesion” model is used, in which two flat undeformable substrates are separated by a continuous layer of fluid. This review summarizes the key physical and tribological principles that determine the adhesion and friction in such a model. Interestingly, such a simple wet-adhesion model falls short in explaining several features of insect adhesion. For example, it cannot predict the observed high static friction forces of the insects, which enable them to cling to vertical smooth substrates without sliding. When taking a closer look at the “classic” attachment model, one can see that it is based on several simplifications, such as rigid surfaces or continuous layers of Newtonian fluids. Recent experiments show that these assumptions are not valid in many cases of insect adhesion. Future tribological models for insect adhesion thus need to incorporate deformable adhesive pads, non-Newtonian properties of the adhesive fluid and/or partially “dry” or solid-like contact between the pad and the substrate.
Alliances électorales entre deux tours de scrutin
Authors: Le Breton Michel , Straeten Karine Van der
Published: July 2014

Résumé L’objet de cet article est d’examiner, à la lumière de deux solutions majeures de la théorie des jeux coopératifs, les coalitions/négociations électorales qui ont lieu dans le cas où le mode de scrutin est un scrutin proportionnel avec listes bloquées, prime au gagnant et comportant deux tours en l’absence de majorité absolue au premier tour. Cet environnement électoral décrit les élections des conseillers régionaux qui se sont tenues en France les 14 et 21 mars 2010.
La mobilité de la main-d'œuvre en Europe
Authors: Erhel Christine , Guergoat-Larivière Mathilde
Published: July 2014

Résumé Cet article propose une analyse descriptive des transitions sur le marché du travail en Europe à partir du panel européen eu-silc pour 2006-2007. Certains groupes sociaux apparaissent défavorisés en termes de mobilité sur le marché du travail, en particulier les peu qualifiés, les seniors, les personnes en mauvaise santé, mais également, dans une moindre mesure, les femmes et les jeunes. Dans une perspective comparative, l’analyse valide l’hypothèse d’hétérogénéité des transitions au sein de l’Union européenne, certains pays augmentant par exemple la probabilité moyenne de connaître des mobilités favorables (notamment les pays nordiques). En outre, si les probabilités de transition sont inégales entre les groupes sociaux (selon le sexe, l’âge ou le diplôme), l’analyse montre que ces inégalités sont plus ou moins marquées selon les pays.
Vote par approbation, vote par note
Authors: Baujard Antoinette , Gavrel Frédéric , Igersheim Herrade , Laslier Jean-François , Lebon Isabelle
Published: July 2014

Résumé À l’occasion du premier tour de l’élection présidentielle du 22 avril 2012, les électeurs de trois communes françaises ont été invités à tester in situ le vote par approbation et le vote par note, selon trois modalités distinctes réparties entre les bureaux expérimentés. Cet article a pour objet de présenter les résultats de cette expérimentation. Après correction des biais de participation et de représentation, deux enseignements principaux s’en dégagent. D’une part, le vote par approbation conduit à un classement des candidats qui diffère nettement du scrutin uninominal et, d’autre part, quelle que soit l’échelle de notes retenue, le vote par note tend à accentuer cette divergence.
Effets contextuels et effets de pairs
Authors: Issehnane Sabina , Sari Florent
Published: July 2014

Résumé Dans ce travail, nous nous intéressons aux liens potentiels entre le lieu de résidence des adolescents et leur réussite scolaire. Nous voulons montrer que le contexte local a un rôle important, au même titre que les caractéristiques individuelles ou familiales. Nous mobilisons les enquêtes Emploi pour étudier les comportements d’adolescents âgés de 15 ans entre 1990 et 2002 et avons suivi deux années. Nous analysons l’impact de résider dans un quartier défini comme plus ou moins « défavorisé » sur la probabilité de redoubler l’année suivante. Nous testons l’effet de différentes caractéristiques du quartier sur la réussite des adolescents ainsi que l’existence d’effets de seuil. Nous mettons en place des régressions avec variables instrumentales afin de contrôler de la potentielle endogénéité du lieu de résidence. Toutes choses égales par ailleurs , nos résultats plaident globalement pour l’existence d’un effet négatif du contexte local sur la probabilité de redoubler, pour ceux qui vivent dans les quartiers les plus « défavorisés ».
La contribution des effets de voisinage à la formation des prix du logement
Authors: Décamps Aurélien , Gaschet Frédéric
Published: July 2014

Cet article se propose d’évaluer le rôle des effets de voisinage dans la formation des prix du logement, en prenant appui sur l’exemple de l’agglomération bordelaise. Compte tenu des limites des approches hédoniques traditionnelles dans la prise en compte de ces effets, nous mettons en œuvre une modélisation hédonique multiniveaux permettant une décomposition de la variance due aux différents déterminants identifiés par la théorie économique, à deux échelles spatiales. Les résultats confirment le rôle significatif joué par les effets de voisinage dans la formation des prix immobiliers, de même que la primauté de ces déterminants sur les facteurs traditionnels d’accessibilité intra-urbaine.
Tous égaux devant « l'impôt du sang » ? L'approche spatiale de la mort de masse en 1914-1918 et ses enjeux
Authors: Loez André , Mariot Nicolas
Published: July 2014

Cet article discute l’analyse statistique portant sur les « morts pour la France » en 1914-1918, à la fois sur le plan des méthodes, des résultats et des enjeux historiographiques. Il restitue le contexte d’une telle étude, à la croisée d’un regain des méthodes quantitatives et d’un intérêt public croissant pour la question des identités régionales dans la Grande Guerre. Il en souligne les résultats probants, indiquant l’absence globale d’anomalies dans la répartition géographique des morts, laquelle relève avant tout de facteurs économiques et sociaux. Il indique enfin de quelles façons l’enquête pourrait être prolongée à travers notamment des programmes de recherche collectifs impliquant une réflexion sur la numérisation des sources de la période.
Règles budgétaires strictes et stabilité macroéconomique
Authors: Fève Patrick , Matheron Julien , Sahuc Jean-Guillaume
Published: July 2014

Les règles fiscales autofinancées conduisent souvent à une indétermination réelle de l’équilibre macroéconomique, laissant ainsi la place à des fluctuations de type « taches solaires ». Dans le cadre d’une économie fermée, la tva sociale échappe à cette propriété et réduit uniquement l’élasticité de l’offre de travail. Cependant, les effets quantitatifs sont modestes.
L'effet de compensation morale ou comment les « bonnes actions » peuvent aboutir à une situation indésirable
Authors: Clot Sophie , Grolleau Gilles , Ibanez Lisette , Ndodjang Peguy
Published: July 2014

Des recherches récentes arguent qu’une « bonne action » pourrait contribuer à « désinhiber » l’individu en lui permettant d’entreprendre des actions « moins souhaitables » par la suite. Cet effet de compensation morale reste un domaine peu étudié, en dépit des conséquences potentielles considérables sur l’efficacité des politiques publiques. L’objectif de notre contribution est de définir et de caractériser cet effet tout en soulignant les risques d’effets pervers associés. Nous utilisons à cet effet des études et des exemples tirés de divers domaines, comme la consommation alimentaire ou les comportements prosociaux, et identifions des pistes de recherche visant à mieux comprendre les conséquences directes et indirectes de cet effet, tout en mentionnant quelques stratégies envisageables afin d’atténuer ce biais.
Dépenses militaires et croissance économique dans un contexte non linéaire
Authors: Malizard Julien
Published: July 2014

L’objet de cet article est de proposer de nouvelles conclusions empiriques à la relation dépenses militaires-croissance économique pour la France. Compte tenu de la complexité de cette relation, nous utilisons un modèle non linéaire, ce qui est original pour le cas de la France. Les résultats sont les suivants : (i) l’approche non linéaire est préférée à l’approche linéaire ; (ii) la variable de transition est la valeur retardée du taux de croissance ; (iii) le comportement asymétrique de l’effort de défense est mis en avant, en fonction du régime de croissance : pour les cas de croissance faible et de croissance élevée, l’effet est négatif, mais devient positif pour une croissance intermédiaire.
L'effet d'âge relatif
Authors: Drut Bastien , Duhautois Richard
Published: July 2014

Les effets d’âge relatif ( relative age effects, rae ) font référence à l’avantage qu’ont les individus nés plus tôt au sein d’une cohorte. En économie de l’éducation, le rae montre que les enfants nés tôt dans l’année obtiennent de meilleurs résultats scolaires que les autres. C’est également vrai dans le cas du sport dans le cadre duquel les enfants sont regroupés par classe d’âge lors de leur formation. Parce que la date délimitant les catégories ne change jamais au niveau scolaire (l’année civile), il est difficile d’identifier parfaitement l’effet causal. Nous pouvons identifier cet effet car la Fédération française de football a changé la date limite des catégories de jeunes pendant la saison 1995-1996. Ainsi cette expérience naturelle montre que : (1) la date-limite des catégories crée le rae ; (2) les effets continuent d’exister pour les footballeurs les plus âgés ; (3) il existe des différences de développement physique entre les joueurs nés juste avant et juste après la date limite.
Patrimoines productifs collectifs versus exploration/exploitation
Authors: Nieddu Martino , Garnier Estelle , Bliard Christophe
Published: July 2014

La séquence [exploration/exploitation] repose sur l’hypothèse d’émergence d’un dominant design ; on teste une grille explicative alternative en termes de patrimoines productifs collectifs par la méthode d’étude de cas. Le concept de bioraffinerie a été construit pour penser la transition vers l’usage de ressources renouvelables, dans un modèle de substitution terme à terme des produits pétroliers. L’étude montre que ce modèle ne produit pas le dominant design attendu alors que, précisément, il était destiné à le construire. En nous appuyant sur une démarche narrative, nous montrons l’existence de quatre patrimoines productifs collectifs, qui diffèrent à la fois sur les innovations économiques et environnementales.
Les inégalités intrafamiliales d'éducation en France
Authors: Picard Nathalie , Wolff François-Charles
Published: July 2014

Si la transmission intergénérationnelle du capital humain a été largement étudiée par les économistes, on sait, en revanche, peu de choses sur les écarts scolaires entre frères et sœurs. Cet article propose une mesure de l’hétérogénéité d’éducation entre les enfants pour la France sur la base d’un échantillon comprenant 27 197 enfants appartenant à 11 694 familles. L’estimation de modèles Probit ordonnés à effets aléatoires et la mise en œuvre d’une décomposition de variance permettent de distinguer l’hétérogénéité d’éducation entre les familles de celle au sein des familles, entre frères et sœurs. Les résultats indiquent que l’hétérogénéité d’éducation entre les familles représente près de deux tiers de la variabilité totale. Au sein des fratries, les filles et les aînés sont relativement plus éduqués.
Du bon usage des modèles théoriques en économie
Authors: Rotillon Gilles
Published: July 2014

Nous souhaitons montrer que la modélisation économique, loin d’être inutile, a au contraire l’avantage de mettre l’accent sur l’essentiel, à condition d’en interpréter correctement ses résultats. Nous illustrons ce point de vue par une analyse de deux des modèles canoniques de l’exploitation d’une ressource épuisable.
Le cumul de mandats locaux affecte-t-il l'activité des députés français ?
Authors: François Abel , Weill Laurent
Published: July 2014

Cet article cherche à établir l’incidence du cumul des mandats locaux sur l’activité des députés français. Nous adoptons une définition du travail parlementaire qui se décompose en trois éléments : la production de la loi, le contrôle de l’exécutif et la représentation des électeurs. Nous estimons une frontière d’efficience afin d’obtenir un score d’activité au moyen de la méthode dea pour les députés de la 12 e  législature (2002-2007). Nous étudions ensuite la relation entre le cumul des mandats et le score d’activité. Nous montrons une relation positive, bien que d’ampleur faible, entre le cumul des mandats, lorsqu’il est mesuré de manière statique, et l’activité des députés, et l’absence de relation lorsque des mesures dynamiques sont utilisées. Ces résultats semblent indiquer que l’effet de complémentarité entre le mandat parlementaire et les mandats locaux est plus important que l’effet de substitution.
Investissements directs étrangers et éducation dans les pays en voie de développement
Authors: Mughal Mazhar , Vechiu Natalia
Published: July 2014

Cet article étudie l’impact des ide sur l’enseignement supérieur dans les pays en voie de développement pour la période 1998-2008. Un vaste panel de pvd est analysé en utilisant différentes techniques économétriques et spécifications, surtout pour tenir compte de l’endogénéité de certaines variables. Nous trouvons que l’effet des ide sur la scolarisation est négatif à court terme. L’effet négatif des ide est confirmé aussi pour l’éducation supérieure mesurée en termes de population adulte ayant acquis une éducation supérieure. Le pib et la valeur ajoutée dans le secteur des services montrent un impact positif significatif, tandis que la croissance démographique affecte négativement la scolarisation et la population adulte ayant acquis une éducation supérieure.
Analysis of Surgically Induced Astigmatism on the Posterior Surface of the Cornea
Authors: Nemeth Gabor , Berta Andras , Szalai Eszter , Hassan Ziad , Modis Laszlo
Published: July 2014

PURPOSE:

To measure surgically induced astigmatism (SIA) on the posterior surface of the cornea using Scheimpflug-based keratometry on eyes with with-the-rule astigmatism.

METHODS:

Repeated Scheimpflug-based keratometry was obtained preoperatively and a mean of 8.65 weeks postoperatively following superior clear corneal incisions. Differences in the keratometric values and SIA were determined on the anterior and posterior surfaces separately and the data were analyzed.

RESULTS:

The study included 88 eyes of 88 patients (age range: 46.4 to 87.5 years), with the steepest total corneal meridian between 75° and 105°. Preoperatively, the magnitude of the anterior and posterior corneal astigmatism was 0.74 ± 0.44 and 0.29 ± 0.14 diopters (D), respectively, which was greater than 0.5 D in 10 eyes (11.36%). The difference between preoperative and postoperative keratometric data on the posterior surface was significant, as was the difference between the preoperative and postoperative posterior astigmatism. The mean magnitude of posterior corneal SIA was 0.32 ± 0.29 D, which was 0.5 D or greater in 22 eyes (25.00%). A statistically significant correlation was observed between the diopter of the preoperatively measured posterior corneal astigmatism and the postoperative SIA on the posterior surface (r = 0.34,
P
= .001). The correlation was not significant between SIA on the anterior and posterior surfaces (r = 0.10,
P
= .36).

CONCLUSIONS:

SIA on the posterior surface of the cornea may have a significant role, especially in cases of toric intraocular lens implantation. Posterior corneal astigmatism and SIA may have a significant clinical impact on more precise planning of cataract surgeries.

[
J Refract Surg.
2014;30(9):604–608.]
Causal Inference in Cross-Lagged Panel Analysis: A Reciprocal Causal Relationship Between Cognitive Function and Depressive Symptoms
Authors: Yoon Ju Young , Brown Roger L.
Published: July 2014

Cross-lagged panel analysis (CLPA) is a method of examining one-way or reciprocal causal inference between longitudinally changing variables. It has been used in the social sciences for many years, but not much in nursing research. This article introduces the conceptual and statistical background of CLPA and provides an exemplar of CLPA that examines the reciprocal causal relationship between depression and cognitive function over time in older adults. The 2-year cross-lagged effects of depressive symptoms (T1) on cognitive function (T2) and cognitive function (T1) on depressive symptoms (T2) were significant, which demonstrated a reciprocal causal relationship between cognitive function and depressive mood over time. Although CLPA is a methodologically strong approach to examine the reciprocal causal inferences over time, it is necessary to consider potential sources of spuriousness to lead to false causal relationship and a reasonable time frame to detect the change of the variables.

[Res Gerontol Nurs. 2014; 7(4):152–158.]
Secure Communication
Authors: Masadeh Shadi R. , Aljawarneh Shadi , Odeh Ashraf , Alhaj Abdullah
Published: July 2014

The idea of e-Commerce is to take advantage of all the possibilities offered by information technology (such as digital communications, multimedia, internet, cell phones, teleconferences, etc.) and to improve the security of various organizations. In the article, the authors focus on securing all the contents of e-Commerce by proposing a public key watermarking algorithm for web content integrity verification. The main purpose of this article is to present a new security system that enables e-Commerce to exchange data more securely and by altering the file content structure, detecting illegal access and stopping the illegal operation. Such system combines the watermarking techniques with the cryptography methods in order to provide the highest visible security component that influences on the end user through its daily payment interaction with business.
An Intelligent Network Intrusion Detection System Based on Multi-Modal Support Vector Machines
Authors: K G Srinivasa
Published: July 2014

Increase in the number of network based transactions for both personal and professional use has made network security gain a significant and indispensable status. The possible attacks that an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) has to tackle can be of an existing type or of an entirely new type. The challenge for researchers is to develop an intelligent IDS which can detect new attacks as efficiently as they detect known ones. Intrusion Detection Systems are rendered intelligent by employing machine learning techniques. In this paper we present a statistical machine learning approach to the IDS using the Support Vector Machine (SVM). Unike conventional SVMs this paper describes a milti model approach which makes use of an extra layer over the existing SVM. The network traffic is modeled into connections based on protocols at various network layers. These connection statistics are given as input to SVM which in turn plots each input vector. The new attacks are identified by plotting them with respect to the trained system. The experimental results demonstrate the lower execution time of the proposed system with high detection rate and low false positive number. The 1999 DARPA IDS dataset is used as the evaluation dataset for both training and testing. The proposed system, SVM NIDS is bench marked with SNORT (Roesch, M. 1999), an open source IDS.
A Covert Communication Model-Based on Image Steganography
Authors: Juneja Mamta
Published: July 2014

With the more and more advancement in technology, internet has become the most important medium for all kinds of confidential as well as non-confidential communications. Security is the major issue for such communications and steganography is most widely accepted tool for information security. An effort has been made in the present paper to propose a secured model for communication using image steganography. It presents two components based LSB steganography method, adaptive LSB based steganography method for embedding data in high and low transition parts of an image respectively. Hybrid edge detection filter is proposed to divide an image in low and high transition areas. AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) and Randomization is incorporated to provide two-tier security. Comparison analysis of output results with other existing techniques on basis of capacity, imperceptibility is giving the proposed approach an edge over others. The proposed approach has been thoroughly tested for various steganalysis attacks like visual analysis, histogram analysis, chi-square, and RS analysis and could sustain all these attacks very well.
Attribute Reduction Using Bayesian Decision Theoretic Rough Set Models
Authors: Halder Sharmistha Bhattacharya , Debnath Kalyani
Published: July 2014

Bayesian Decision theoretic rough set has been invented by the author. In this paper the attribute reduction by the aid of Bayesian decision theoretic rough set has been studied. Lot of other methods are there for attribute reduction such as Variable precision method, probabilistic approach, Bayesian method, Pawlaks rough set method using Boolean function. But with the help of some example it is shown that Bayesian decision theoretic rough set model gives better result than other method. Lastly an example of HIV /AIDS is taken and attribute reduction is done by this new method and various other method. It is shown that this method gives better result than the previously defined methods. By this method the authors get only the reduced attribute age which is the best significant attribute. Though in Pawlak model age sex or age living status are the reduced attribute and variable precision method fails to work here. In this paper attribute reduction is done by the help of discernibility matrix after determining the positive, boundary and negative region. This model is a hybrid model of Bayesian rough set model and decision theory. So this technique gives better result than Bayesian method and decision theoretic rough set method.
Unveiling the Continuum of Intended and Unintended Consequences
Authors: Barber Connie S. , Bettez Silvia Cristina
Published: July 2014

Social media has become synonymous with every day communication in our technologically advanced society. Individuals use it to share information, make plans with friends and keep up with folks geographically dispersed from them. Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and queer (LGBQ) individuals often use social media to find other individuals with whom they can share about their sexual orientation. In this study, we use qualitative methods to explore the impact of social media on the connections made by individuals who self-identify as LGBQ.
Social Conceptualizations of Technology Structuring
Authors: Mansour Osama , Randall Dave , Askenäs Linda
Published: July 2014

The widespread adoption and use of social media in almost every aspect of our daily lives may outpace existing empirical understandings. In organizations, social media are increasingly used by professional individuals and communities to support dynamic collaboration and knowledge sharing. While there is a growing amount of research on this subject, still little is known on how people use different kinds of social media in practice. That is, there is a need for an empirical understanding that addresses actual use practices of social media within the formal boundaries of organizations. To this end, we report on results from a qualitative comparative study of the use of wikis at two global organizations. Our aim is to develop an empirical understanding of the enactment of structures and the ways by which people structure and organize their wiki use practices by drawing on Orlikowski's (2000) practice lens. The findings from the authors analysis suggest a number of enacted structures that reflect diverse wiki use practices. The main contribution centers on developing three key mechanisms that provide means for understanding the structuring of the use of technology.
Technological Advances and Teaching Innovation Applied to Health Science Education
Authors: Juanes Juan A. , Ruisoto Pablo
Published: July 2014

The objective of this special issue under the title “Technological advances and teaching innovation applied to health science education” is to improve health science education, to encourage the information exchange and dissemination regarding different training aspects in medical science. Technological procedures in teaching entail an important adequacy and teaching content analysis to transmit and be acquired by students, as well as their careful presentation so that the message and knowledge reach the student more effectively. Due to this, the design of technological applications is very important so that is becomes attractive to the user, and the time spent in the learning process helps optimize it and facilitate its knowledge. The authors will introduce, to teachers and researchers, current technological application tools and their possibilities in education; providing complementary training elements that help improve the teaching and learning process in health sciences. How these application of computer technologies in education broadens the action and intercommunication possibilities between teachers and students, allowing access to new means of exploration and representation, together with new ways to access knowledge through diverse types of tools: powerful body structure visualization, multimedia imagery, computer simulations, stereoscopic visualization, virtual and augmented reality techniques, computer platforms for resource and document storage and mobile devices will be further discussed.
Computerized-Aid Medical Training
Authors: Nieto Javier , Juanes Juan A , Alonso Pablo , Curto Belén , Hernández Felipe , Moreno Vidal , Ruisoto Pablo
Published: July 2014

The application of new technologies in training environments allows the development of new teaching modalities that enable knowledge and ability acquisition in healthcare professionals. Simulation has proven to be an effective method to favor and improve learning as well as to attain the necessary skills to perform a specific technique with greater reliability and security for the patient. We present a new tool or technological development in medical training, through an ultrasound simulator, valid for the knowledge and necessary ability acquisition in the proper infiltration of botulinum toxin guided by ultrasound. This tool benefits from the advantages that new technologies bring when applied in medical training, offering a virtual setting, comfortable and accessible, that does not require the user to move or have access to an ultrasound machine, allowing ultrasound explorations without the existence of a real patient.
Impact of the Objective Evaluation of Clinical and Surgical Basic Skills (CSBS) On Medicine Students (Spain)
Authors: Jimenez Marcelo F. , Rodriguez-Conde Maria Jose , Olmos-Miguelañez Susana , Varela Gonzalo , Lozano Francisco S. , Garcia Francisco J. , Martinez-Abad Fernando
Published: July 2014

This work presents the design, implementation and results of a research project in medical education conducted from 2007 to 2011, on the learning of some basic clinical and surgical skills in Medicine (University of Salamanca, Spain). This project has been conducted in collaboration with the Educational Research Institute of the same university. The hypothesis of the study that teaching methods based on a learning process guided by the direct practice on models, along with the modeling through an online teaching platform, produce a high level of learning, measured by using the direct observation of the behavior. The learning results are positive, although some methodological inconveniences have been found in the evaluation process, in relation with the causes of the variability between skills and evaluators.
Photoluminescence and Energy Transfer from Sm3+ to Eu3+ in Na3YSi2O7 Phosphor for Light-Emitting Diodes
Authors: Sun Jia Yue , Cui Dian Peng , Di Qiu Mei , Xu Qi Guang , Han Liu
Published: July 2014

A series of Na3YSi2O7: Eu3+, Sm3+ samples have been synthesized via solid-state reaction technique. The phase structure and luminescence properties are characterized using powder X-ray diffraction, photoluminescence excitation and emission spectra. Effective energy transfer occurs from Sm3+ to Eu3+ and Sm3+/Eu3+-codoped Na3YSi2O7 shows more intense red light compared to that of Eu3+-doped sample under UV light excitation.
Recent Developments in Molecularly Imprinted Solid Phase Extraction Technology
Authors: Shen Gui Jun , Pei Hong Ying
Published: July 2014

Describes the preparation of molecularly imprinted solid phase extraction technology, extraction methods, selectivity and application status.
Flaking Initiation Life under Rolling Contact Fatigue of Ceramic Coated Steels Quenched after Coating Process
Authors: Tanabe Hirotaka , Ogawa Keiji , Nishizawa Motoyuki , Izumi Yui , Takamatsu Tohru
Published: July 2014

In our previous studies, a new surface modification method by combination of ceramic coating and heat treatment, named “substrate quenching after coating” was developed. The thrust type rolling contact fatigue tests were carried out for TiN coated steels and CrAlN coated steels processed by substrate quenching after coating, and the effects of the type of ceramic coating (TiN or CrAlN) and the quenching methods (by furnace quenching or by laser quenching) on the flaking initiation life were investigated. For the specimens quenched by furnace, the flaking life of CrAlN coated specimen was longer than that of TiN coated specimen. This reason could be explained by the difference of the oxidization of CrAlN and TiN in their furnace quenching process. For CrAlN coated specimens, the flaking life of the specimens quenched by laser was longer than that of the specimens quenched by furnace. This reason could be explained by the difference of the process time of the furnace quenching and the laser quenching. It is considered that laser quenching after coating could be an effective way to improve the flaking initiation life under rolling contact fatigue.
Preparation, Characterization and Dielectric Property of Novel Poly(cyanate ester) Thin Films
Authors: Zhao Xiong Yan , Sun Zhan Ying , Wang Ming Zhu
Published: July 2014

The technique of plasma polymerization was used in the preparation of the poly (cyanate ester) thin films using 4-methoxyphenol cyanate ester (MPCE), 4-Cumylphenol cyanate ester (CPCE) and 4-phenylphenol cyanate ester (PPCE) as precursors. Different from the conventional thermal polymerization of cyanate ester monomers, the plasma polymerization of three monomers proceeds mainly via the opening of π-bonds of the cyanate ester functional groups which are further formed into a large π-conjugated system. The dielectric properties of the resulting plasma thin films were evaluated and results show that the dielectric constant of the three polycyanurate thin films decreased with increasing frequency, while in contrast, the dielectric loss factor increased with the increasing frequency. The obtained poly (cyanate ester) thin films might be the potential new candidates to be used as intermetallic dielectrics in microelectronics.
The Influencing Factors for the Thickness of Silica Sol-Gel Film by the Dip Coating Process
Authors: Lei Jie Hong , Zhang Ri Dong
Published: July 2014

The porous sol-gel silica thin films were prepared on silicon substrate by the dip coating process. The surface roughness and microstructure of the film was measured by optical microscopy and AFM .Coating thickness and refractive index were measured by ellipsometry method. Influence of withdrawal speed and concentration of colloid was investigated for the thickness of silica. The relation of the thickness and withdrawal speed was fitted by the linear and power functions, and the results were analyzed and compared. It was found that the films with the same thickness prepared by different concentrations of colloid have different refractive indexes. The experimental results indicated that the thickness and refractive index of the film can be controlled by changing the withdrawal speed and colloid concentration.
Preparation and Properties of Pyrolytic Carbon Coating on Carbon Materials Used in Czochraski Single Crystal Silicon Furnace
Authors: Zhao Wei , Zhu Bo , Cao Wei Wei
Published: July 2014

In this paper, resin and vapor deposition (CVD) pyrolytic carbon coating on carbon materials was designed based on the oxidation erosion and silicification corrosion mechanism. Meanwhile the phase structure, microstructure, anti-oxidation and anti-silicification corrosion mechanisms of both coatings were studied. The surface of resin pyrolytic carbon coating has a lot of defec comparing with CVD pyrolytic carbon coating. After static oxidation test at 900 °C, the resin pyrolytic carbon coating haves some antioxidant protection ability, but after 4 h of static oxidation, weight loss rate is still as high as 30%. Antioxidant effect of CVD pyrolytic carbon coating is good, 4 h oxidation weightlessness rate is about 10%. After silicification corrosion at 1600 °C, CVD pyrolytic carbon has excellent silicification protection ability.
Effect of Backplate Thermal Diffusivity on Mechanical Properties of Double Sided Friction Stir Welded Aluminum for Ship Structure
Authors: Zubaydi Achmad , Muhayat Nurul , Sulistijono  , Yuliadi M. Zaed , Santosa Budie , Setyawan Dony , Haqi Syaiful
Published: July 2014

The effects of backplate thermal diffusivity on mechanical properties of friction stir welded (FSW) aluminum alloy 5083 joints were studied in the present work. Three variation of backplate material, marble-block, mild steel and aluminum which represent low, medium and high diffusivity respectively, were used in the welding processes. The results showed that the increase of backplate thermal diffusivity resulted the decrease of the welding temperature. Defect free weld was obtained if backplate material was mild steel, whereas the other backplate material, marble-block and aluminum were obtained defect welds. The highest tensile strength as well as microhardness were obtained in the mild steel backplate.
Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Two-Phase Structures of Copper Formed by Laser Grooving
Authors: Wen Peng , Tao Gang , Zhou Pei Jie
Published: July 2014

It is a concerned problem that what influences of cooling rate on evolution of microstructures of the treated and untreated Cu are during solidification process after Cu’s being melted by laser grooving. Based on the embedded-atom method, molecular dynamics simulations have been performed on the cooling processes of liquid metal Cu by using crystal-liquid configuration method at six different cooling rates. Through the two-phase structural features, pair correlation function, average atomic energy and mean square displacement analysis, it is found that the cooling rate plays a critical role on the solidification process to the liquid Cu. The liquid Cu becomes its crystalline state during relatively low cooling rate, while the glass transition of the liquid Cu is performed with the relatively high cooling rate. The solidification process of the liquid Cu has effect on the solid crystal Cu and leads to form the indented interface between two-phase structures.
Study on Optimal Spacing and the Residual Height Parameter of Blade Part in MASTERCAM
Authors: Xiao Shan Hua , Zhou Wen Chao
Published: July 2014

Spacing is calculated by the formula in the rough machining of blade, consider the spacing as cutting parameters, research on how the length of NC program change when increase or decrease the spacing, Get the best cutting-spaced verified by physical simulation cutting; Blade finish machining parameter is set on the basis of surface roughness value,experiment and get the best scallop height blade machining.
Effect of Preheat Temperature on Friction Stir Welded Aluminum Alloy 5052 Joints
Authors: Muhayat Nurul , Triyono  , Kusharjanta Bambang , Handika Radian T.
Published: July 2014

The effects of preheat temperature on mechanical properties and the microstructure of friction stir welded (FSW) aluminum alloy 5052 joints were studied in the present work. Heated air from Hot Gun was applied in front of the FSW tool to give the preheat on friction stir welding process. Preheat temperature was set 150°C, 250°C and 300°C. Mechanical properties were correlated and analyzed according to tensile strength, macro and microstructure. Defect free weldswere obtained at all preheat variations. The increasing preheat temperature produced the coarser grain size, it influencedthe little decrease both the tensile strength and hardness of joints.
Research on Performance of Foundry Sand under the Effect of Chemical Binder
Authors: Sun Qing Zhou , Yan Jing Guang , Zhang Pu Qing , Zhao Zhong Kui , Du Hang
Published: July 2014

This paper makes an experiental research on the performance of foundry sand under the effect of chemical binder. It discoveries the raw sand with different origin will have different properties even though they have the same particle size. The properties of their molding sand are also obviously different. For the raw sand that in the same particle size with similar acid demand value and four-screen distribution, the better grain shape will earn them a higher molding sand strength even though they have higher clay content. Under the effect of liquid binder, compared to the molding sand mixed from the sand of three-screen distribution, the molding sand mixed from those of four-screen distribution sand with other properties similar will have a higher tensile strength While under the effect of solid phenolic resin adhesive, the three-screen sand with good grain shape will have a high sand strength.
The Effect of the Initial Temperature of Ring Blank on Conical Ring Rolling Process
Authors: Meng Wen , Zhao Guo Qun , Guan Yan Jin
Published: July 2014

A FE model of radial conical ring rolling process with a closed die structure on the top and bottom part of driven roll (RCRRCDS) process was set up based on ABAQUS/Explicit software. The effect of the initial temperature of conical ring blank on equivalent plastic strain (PEEQ) and temperature distribution of rolled ring, average rolling force and average rolling moment was investigated. The results indicated that with the increase of the initial temperature of ring blank, the PEEQ distribution of rolled ring becomes uniform at first and then less uniform; the temperature distribution gradually becomes homogeneous; and both average rolling force and average rolling moment decrease. When the initial temperature of ring blank is 925°C, the PEEQ distribution of rolled ring is most uniform; the temperature distribution of rolled ring is relatively uniform; the average rolling force and average rolling moment are relatively smaller.
Formation and Distribution Mechanism of Intermetallic Compounds of Al/Mg Joint with Zn Transition Metal
Authors: Gao Qiong , Wang Ke Hong , Ma Heng , Feng Wei Guo
Published: July 2014

6061 Al alloy and AZ31B Mg alloy were joined by lapping TIG welding process with Zn transition metal. The formation and distribution mechanism of IMCs of Al/Mg joint, and the relationship of microstructure and mechanical property were discussed. The introduction of Zn transition metal reduces the Mg/Al IMCs effectively. The microstructure in the fusion zone near the Mg substrate composes of three regions. B zone contains of only MgZn2 IMCs. That is the place of highest micro-hardness in the weld seam. A and C zones characterize with solid solution precipitated on the MgZn2 basement which can enhance the ductility of Mg/Al joint. This result indicates that increasing the solid solution precipitated on IMCs can improve the mechanical property of Mg/Al joint.
Study of Nano Coating Micron Calcite Reaction Process and Influence Factors
Authors: Huo Ning Bo , Liu Sheng , Jia Xiao Jinga
Published: July 2014

Adjusting the proportion of gases and stirring rate and other parameters, the value of pH, electrical conductivity, electrode potential, temperature of the system were tested online under different parameters. According to the results of scanning electron microscopy , the coating effect of different reaction stages and the influence of different coating processes were analyzed.
Analysis of Guyed Transmission Tower Dynamic Characteristic
Authors: Gan Feng Lin , Jia Xu Bo
Published: July 2014

In the paper aiming at lots of 87(LM21) towers in Dongchang Hasong Transmission Line held under Changchun Extra-high voltage Bureau jurisdiction, by using ANSYS software, the nonlinear finite element model for towers is built. And numerical analysis methods is adopted. It is considered that the combined effect of stay wire and transmission tower, geometric non-linear effect and the influence of stay wire initial stress. The Dynamic Properties research about Guyed Transmission is conducted. It concluded that stay wire and tower's mode of vibrationare are relatively independent ,coordinated and the interaction of each other. Natural frequency of vibration and mode of vibration appears regularly and alternately changes with the increase of the formation order .Stay wire initial stress is main factor affecting the natural frequency of the structure and the frequency increases with the increase of stay wire initial stress.
Influence of Curing Temperature on the Compressive Strength of High Performance Concrete
Authors: Kim Sun Woong , Park Wan Shin , Eom Nam Yong , Jang Yong Il , Yun Hyun Do , Kim Do Gyum
Published: July 2014

The supposition that curing at cold weather conditions leads to the loss of compressive strength of the high performance concrete was investigated. This paper addresses the results of an extensive experimental study on the compressive strength under cold weather conditions. The specimen was prepared as it’s inside 100-mm diameter and 200-mm heights cylindrical were used. In this work, high performance concrete was designed a water-binder ratio of 0.40. These tests were carried out to investigate the mechanical properties of HPC for 7 and 28 days. The results properties of HPC with silica fume were effective for compressive strength improvement between 7 to 28 curing days at 5°C, -5°C and-15°C.
Static Stress Changes and Triggering Imposed by Wenchuan Earthquake on Lushan M7 Earthquake
Authors: Lei Dong Ning , Cai Yong Jian , Li Heng
Published: July 2014

Some faults rupture the surface followed by coseismic dislocation, which causes space stress changes and transmits or imposes static stress on or to neighboring faults.The static stress triggering leads to the adjacent fault ruptured in advance, which means a Coulomb stress increase and triggers a new earthquake event. In recent two decades, some studies on stress triggering became important field of seismotectonics. The occurrence of both Wenchuan M8.0 earthquake and Japan M9.0 eathquake have arisen interest of many researchers, and obtained much new result and understanding.
Engineering Properties of Controlled Low-Strength Material Made with Residual Soil and Class F Fly Ash
Authors: Sheen Yeong Nain , Huang Li Jeng , Le Duc Hien
Published: July 2014

This paper aims to employ combination of residual soil and Class F fly ash in developing a controlled low-strength material (CLSM), primarily used as backfilling material. In the mixture, surplus soil and concrete sand was blended well together with a given proportion of 6:4 by volume. Three levels of binder content (i.e. 80-, 100-and 130 kg/m3) and different percentages fly ash (i.e., 0%, 15%, 30%, and 45%) substituting to Portland cement were previously chosen for mix design. Several major engineering properties of the CLSM such as fresh density, flowability, setting time, water bleeding, unconfined compressive strength, and elastic modulus were investigated via a laboratory study. Testing results indicate that most of the proposed CLSM mixtures satisfy the requirements of excavatability as the 28-days compressive strength ranges from 0.3 to 1.4 MPa. In addition, increase in FA substituting to OPC resulted in workability improvement, setting time extension as well as compressive strength and elastic modulus reduction.
On the Multiple Linear Regression and Artificial Neural Networks for Strength Prediction of Soil-Based Controlled Low-Strength Material
Authors: Huang Li Jeng , Sheen Yeong Nain , Le Duc Hien
Published: July 2014

This paper presents two approaches, multiple linear regression (MLR) and artificial neural network (ANN), to develop predictive models for unconfined compressive strength of soil-based controlled low-strength material (CLSM). Our obtained laboratory data conducting on the soil-based CLSM were employed for analysis. Two strength prediction models were proposed: (1) strength is assumed to be a function of mix proportion and curing period; and (2) it is estimated from measured ultrasonic pulse velocity combined with effect of mixture parameters and curing ages. In each model, three predicted formulas were developed; one from MLR and two from ANN. It was showed that all the proposed equations have a well-predicted capacity.
Measurement of Sliding Wear of Shot-Peened Partially Stabilized Zirconia Plate
Authors: Koike Hitonobu , Iwanaka Kae , Takahashi Koji
Published: July 2014

In this paper the wear performance between Partially Stabilized Zirconia (PSZ) plate and silicon nitride ball under dry conditions was investigaed. The wear durability of PSZ with shot peening was higher than that of PSZ without shot peening in the sliding wear test under low Hertzian contact pressure. By shot peening, the transformation from tetragonal to monocryclinic phase with compressive residual stress occurred locally on the PSZ surface. Due to this transformation, the wear durability on the surface of the PSZ plate was improved.