bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
"RAJIV GANDHI WATER MANAGEMENT MISSION'S ECONOMIC CONTRIBUTION TO RURAL AREAS" (WITH REFERENCE TO THE DEVELOPMENT BLOCK OF NIWALI DISTRICT, BARWANI (MP))
Authors: Nigwale B.S.
Published: February 2021

Indian agriculture is the monsoon gamble and this gamble is staring at the Indian economy and the Indian public in a vacuum laid on their shoulders since time immemorial. The condition of the situation is that in the absence of water, is Indian agriculture only India's industrial businesses, factories and the entire economy stalled. Lack of water, deepening power crisis, dry fields and closed factories have affected our national product on the one hand and our international exports on the other. Consequently on the one hand supply of foreign currency shortage and on the other hand heavy financial management to deal with the current problems."If there was no water, it would be water."Water is called "Adi Shakti", Amrit etc. in our weapons here. The whole world is incomplete without water. Water is not only a part of human body, but is a part of living images, animals and animals, and without water, all animals, trees and plants, that is, all living beings in which humans are included, will be eliminated.

भारतीय कृषि मानसून का जुआं है और यह जुआं भारतीय अर्थषास्त्र और भारतीय जनता सनातन काल से अपने कंधे पर रखे हुए षून्य में ताक रही है। वस्तु स्थिति यह है कि जल के अभाव मेे भारतीय कृषि ही क्या भारत के उद्योग धंधें, कल-कारखाने, और समूची अर्थव्यवस्था ही ठप हो जाती है। पानी के अभाव में गहराता विद्युत संकट, सूखे पड़े खेत और बंद पड़े कल-कारखानों ने एक ओर हमारे राष्ट्रीय उत्पाद को प्रभावित किया है वहीं दूसरी तरफ हमारा अंतर्राष्ट्रीय निर्यात भी गड़बड़ाया है। फलतः एक ओर विदेषी मुद्रा की कमी की आपूर्ति और दूसरी ओर वर्तमान समस्याओं से निपटने के लिए भारी वित्तीय प्रबंधन।”जल जो न होता तो ये जग जाता जल।”हमारे यहाॅँ षास्त्रों में जल को “आदि-षक्ति”, अमृत आदि कहा गया है। समस्त संसार जल के बिना अधुरा है। जल मानव षरीर का ही अंग नही अपितु जीव-जन्तु पेड़-पौधे, आदि सजीव चित्रों का एक अंग है और जल के बिना सभी जीव-जन्तु पेड़ पौधे अर्थात सभी सजीव प्राणी जिसमें मनुष्य भी षामील हैॅ समाप्त हो जायेंगें।
"ENVIRONMENTAL AWARENESS AMONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS: A STUDY" (WITH REFERENCE TO HIMACHAL PRADESH UNIVERSITY)
Authors: Dhol Jyoti
Published: February 2021

Today we have entered the 21st century, in which science and technology are playing an important role. This progress has solved many mysteries of another universe. The same has provided many other pleasures of human beings. The environment has always been helpful in these human progress and development, but in the race for this development, we have neglected the environment and exploited it uncontrollably. In the greed for immediate benefits, man himself has put his future in a long-term crisis. As a result, the source of life, the environment is becoming increasingly degraded. This project work is presented in this context. The Supreme Court of India feels that every citizen of India should understand environmental information and accountability and give suggestions for environmental improvement. In the research work, the primary data was compiled by filling the questionnaire using the deviation system (च स ड ड ड जीव जीव जीव जीव जीव तथा तथा तथा सर्वेक्षण) and information was obtained by surveying the university. Primary as well as secondary data were used for research work. Selection of the field After selecting five departments (Arts, Commerce, Research, Computer and other departments) of Himachal Pradesh University, data is obtained by filling a questionnaire from 5 to 5 students of each department. A questionnaire was prepared to understand environmental problem and problem related awareness. Conclusions and suggestions related to the problem are given.Word Key - Student and environmental awareness, environmental awareness.

आज हम 21वीं सदी मे प्रवेष कर चुके है, जिसमें विज्ञान और प्रौद्योगिकी एक महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका निभा रहे है। इस प्रगति ने जहां एक और ब्रह्माण्ड के अनेक रहस्यों को सुलझाया है । वही दूसरी और मानव का अनेकानेक सुख सुविधाएं प्रदान की है। इन मानवीय प्रगति एवं विकास मे पर्यावरण तो सदैव सहायक रहा है, परन्तु इस विकास की दौड़ मे हमने पर्यावरण की उपेक्षा की और उसका अनियन्त्रित शोषण किया है। तात्कालिक लाभों के लालच मे मानव ने स्वयं अपने भविष्य को दीर्घकालीन संकट मे डाल दिया है। परिणामस्वरूप जीवन के स्त्रोत पर्यावरण का अवनयन होता जा रहा है। इसी परिपेक्ष्य मे यह परियोजना कार्य प्रस्तुत है। भारत का सर्वाेच्च न्यायालय यह महसूस करता है कि भारत का हर नागरिक पर्यावरण जानकारी व जवाबदारी को समझे व पर्यावरण सुधार संबंधी सुझाव दे । शोध कार्य में देव निदर्षन;ैंउचसपदह डमजीवकद्धप्रणाली का प्रयोग कर प्रष्नावली भरवाकर प्राथमिक आंकड़ों का संकलन किया गया तथा विष्वविद्यालय का सर्वेक्षण कर जानकारी प्राप्त की गई। शोध कार्य हेतु प्राथमिक के साथ-साथ द्वितीयक आंकड़ों का उपयोग किया गया। कार्यक्षेत्र का चयन हिमाचल प्रदेष विष्वविद्यालय के पांच विभागों (आर्टस्, काॅर्मस, र्साइंस, कम्प्यूटर व अन्य विभागों) का चयन कर प्रत्येक विभाग के 5-5 विद्यार्थियों से प्रष्नावली भरवाई जाकर आंकड़े प्राप्त किये गये है। पर्यावरण समस्या एवं समस्या से निदान पाने सम्बन्धि जागरूकता को समझने के लिए प्रष्नावली तैयार की गई। समस्या से संबंधित निष्कर्ष एवं सुझाव दिए गए है।शब्द कुंजी-विद्यार्थी एवं पर्यावरण जागरूकता, पर्यावरण जागरूकता।
ENVIRONMENT AND LEGAL PROVISIONS IN INDIA
Authors: Gaur Mamta
Published: February 2021

The word environment is made up of the words 'parivar', which literally means the environment around us in which the living organisms live. In this way, the environment is a combination of physical and biological components or factors, which affect the organisms from the side. In this way, the environment is the sum of all physical and biological factors affecting organisms. It can be said that the environment of our earth is an external force that can have a clear effect on life. These powers are interrelated, changeable and have an impact on life as a whole and jointly. Among these, water, air, soil, light, heat etc. as physical factors and algae, fungi, microorganisms, parasites, symbiosis, viruses, bacterial plants and animals etc. can be called as biological factors.

पर्यावरण शब्द परि$आवरण शब्दों से मिलकर बना है, इसका शाब्दिक अर्थ हमारे चारों ओर के उस वातावरण से है, जिसमें जीवधारी रहते हैं। इस प्रकार पर्यावरण भौतिक तथा जैविक अवयव या कारक का वह सम्मिश्रण है, जो चंहु ओर से जीवधारियों को प्रभावित करता है। इस प्रकार पर्यावरण जीवों को प्रभावित करने वाले समस्त भौतिक एवं जैविक कारकों का योग होता है। यह कहा जा सकता है कि हमारी पृथ्वी का पर्यावरण वह बाहरी शक्ति है जिसका जीवन पर स्पष्ट प्रभाव देखा जा सकता है। ये शक्तियाँ परस्पर सम्बद्ध हैं, परिवर्तनशील हैं तथा सम्पूर्ण एवं संयुक्त रूप में जीवन पर प्रभाव डालती हैं। इनमें भौतिक कारक के रूप में जल, वायु, मिट्टी, प्रकाश, ताप आदि एवं जैविक कारक के रूप में शैवाल, कवक, सूक्ष्मजीवी, परजीवी, सहजीवी, विषाणु, जीवाणु पादप एवं जन्तु आदि कहे जा सकते हैं।
ROLE OF SOCIETY IN CONSERVATION OF NATURAL RESOURCE
Authors: Upadhyay Ranu
Published: February 2021

In India, in the ancient scriptures, Vedas and Puranas, religious texts and sages and sages have placed greater emphasis on the purity of the environment. In the Vedas, considering the environment provided by nature as a deity, it is said that-"Yo Devoganon Yo Psu Cho World Bhu Nama Special,Yo dispenser, yo botanical picture, devay namo namahThat is, which is covered with the creation, fire, water, sky, earth, and air, and which is present in medicines and flora. We salute that environmental god.Nature has been extremely generous on humans. Since its rise on earth, humans have been dependent on nature for their survival. Different types of tools are needed to fulfill human needs. It is only by these resources that the basic needs of human being are fulfilled by bread, cloth and house. In the absence of these means, a pleasant human life cannot be imagined.

भारतवर्ष में प्राचीन शास्त्रों, वेद-पुराणों में, धर्म ग्रन्थो में तथा ऋषि-मुनियों ने पर्यावरण की शुद्धता पर अधिक बल दिया है । वेदों में प्रकृति प्रदत्त पर्यावरण को देवता मानकर कहा गया है कि-‘‘यो देवोग्नों यो प्सु चो विष्वं भुव नमा विवेष,यो औषधिषु, यो वनस्पतिषु तस्में देवाय नमो नमः’’अर्थात जो सृष्टि, अग्नि, जल, आकाष, पृथ्वी, और वायु से आच्छादित है तथा जो औषधियों एवं वनस्पतियों में विद्यमान है । उस पर्यावरण देव को हम नमस्कार करते है ।प्रकृति मानव पर अत्यंत उदार रही है । पृथ्वी पर अपने उद्वव के बाद से ही मानव अपने अस्तित्व के लिये प्रकृति पर निर्भर रहा है । मानवीय आवष्यकताओं की पूर्ति के लिए विभिन्न प्रकार के साधनों की आवष्यकता होती है इन संसाधनों द्वारा ही मानव की मूलभूत आवष्यकताएं रोटी, कपड़ा एवं मकान की पूर्ति होती है । इन साधनों के अभाव में सुखद मानव जीवन की कल्पना नहीं की जा सकती है ।
DISPLACEMENT, REHABILITATION AND ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Joshi Shashi
Published: February 2021

Due to the unplanned and uncontrolled use of natural resources and environmental elements for human happiness, prosperity and fulfillment of aspirations, due to this, a situation of environmental disruption and imbalance has arisen. Water, air, land, forests and minerals are constantly decomposing, water sources are drying up, the environment is becoming toxic and land degradation is also happening. The destruction of forests has increased the environmental degradation. Along with all this, an inhuman social problem has arisen and that is the problem of displacement and rehabilitation. The agony of people living close to nature, the problem of inhabiting tribal tribes, the inhuman torture between the desolation of their homes and settling is still unheard of. Baba Amte's lines expressing his agony are visible.

मनुष्य अपनी सुख समृद्धि, भोग एवं महत्वकांक्षाओं की पूर्ति हेतु जिस तरह प्राकृतिक संसाधनों एवं पर्यावरणीय तत्वों का अनियोजित एवं अनियन्त्रित प्रयोग कर रहा है, इस कारण पयावरणीय विघटन एवं असंतुलन की स्थिति उत्पन्न हो गई है। जल, वायु, भूमि, वन एवं खनिज संजीवनी का निरन्तर विघटन हो रहा है, जल स्त्रोत सूख रहे है, वातावरण विषाक्त हो रहा है और भूमि का क्षरण भी हो रहा है। वनों के विनाष से पर्यावरण ह्ास में वृद्धि हुई है। इन सबके के साथ ही एक अमानवीय सामाजिक समस्या उत्पन्न हुई है और वह है विस्थापन और पुनर्वास की समस्या। प्रकृति के नजदीक निवास कर रहे लोगों की व्यथा, आदिवासी जनजातियों के निवास की समस्या, उनके घरों के उजड़ने और बसने के बीच की अमानवीय यातना को झेलने की समस्या अभी तक अनसुनी है। इनकी व्यथा को व्यक्त करती बाबा आमटे की पँक्तियों दृष्टव्य है
STUDY OF ENVIRONMENTAL AWARENESS AND APTITUDE OF STUDENTS AND STUDENTS OF HIGHER SECONDARY CLASSES (WITH REFERENCE TO INDORE CITY)
Authors: Srivastava Shivani
Published: February 2021

The topic of the research presented is to study the awareness and aptitude of students and students towards the environment.The survey method was used for awareness, the 11th and 12th students of higher secondary school in Indore were selected by elective method. In Nyadarsh ​​400 students and 400 girls were taken from class 11th and 12th government and non-government schools. In this, Dr. for environmental awareness measurement. Made by Praveen Kumar Jha. A scale prepared by Mrs. Hasin Taj, Bangalore is used. There has been a decrease in students towards environmental awareness and aptitude. Therefore, the students should be awakened in their subconsciousness towards the environment.

प्रस्तुत शोध का विषय छात्रों एवं छात्राओं की पर्यावरण के प्रति जागरूकता एवं अभिवृत्ति का अध्ययन करना है । जागरूकता जानने हेतु सर्वेक्षण विधि का प्रयोग किया इन्दौर शहर के उच्चतर माध्यमिक विद्यालय के 11 वीं एवं 12वीं के विद्यार्थियों का चयन यदृच्छिक विधि द्वारा किया गया । न्यादर्ष में 400 छात्र एवं 400 छात्राएँ कक्षा 11वीं एवं 12वीं शासकीय एवं अषासकीय विद्यालयों से लिये गये । इसमें पर्यावरण जागरूकता मापन के लिए डाॅ. प्रवीण कुमार झा द्वारा निर्मित ।ूंतमदमेे ।इपसपजल डमंेनतम एवं पर्यावरण अभिवृत्ति मापन के लिये डाॅ. श्रीमती हसीन ताज, बैंगलोर द्वारा तैयार की गई मापनी का प्रयोग किया गया है । पर्यावरण जागरूकता एवं अभिवृत्ति के प्रति विद्यार्थियों में कमी पाई गई है । अतएव विद्यार्थियों में पर्यावरण के प्रति अवचेतना को जागृत किया जायें ।
CURRENT ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS AND SUGGESTIONS
Authors: Shakya Sudha
Published: February 2021

Today, every person, life and flora is getting life from the environment itself, but the situation of the environment has become such that it has become very difficult to handle. The present research article is presented with the objective of solving the problems of the environment and how to solve them. Today environmental problems are causing problems like population growth, pollution, global warming, sea pollution, damage to ozone layer, waste decomposition, reduction in biodiversity etc., which has become very important to solve and solve them.

आज पर्यावरण से ही हर व्यक्ति जीवजंतु एंव वनस्पतियों को जीवन मिल रहा है, परंतु पर्यावरण की स्थिति ऐसी हो गई है कि जिसे संभालना बहुत मुश्किल हो गया है। प्रस्तुत शोध आलेख वर्तमान में पर्यावरण की कौन-कौन सी समस्याएं हैं और उसका निराकरण एवं समाधान कैसे किया जाये के उद्देश्य से प्रस्तुत है। आज पर्यावरणीय समस्याओं में जनसंख्या वृद्धि, प्रदूषण, वैश्विक ताप, समुद्र प्रदूषण, ओजान परत का क्षतिग्रस्त होना, अपशिष्ट विघटन, जैव विविधता में कमी आदि समस्याएं उत्पन्न हो रही हैं, जिसका समाधान एवं निराकरण अति आवश्यक हो गया है।
ENERGY PROBLEM AND ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Pathak Sunita
Published: February 2021

Energy is a very important infrastructure / infrastructure / point of view of economic development. Energy plays a major role in the ecological balance of nature, which maintains the interaction between biological and abiotic components of the natural environment. By considering development as mere economic and material development, human beings get involved in indiscriminate exploitation of natural resources by inventing fast-paced technology to compensate for the goal. This is where he makes an error and he starts destroying the environment at the point of development, which leads to many social problems, one of which is energy crisis. The modern era of human history began with the modern technology of production and the demand for energy went on increasing, in the last three or four thousand years, the human society could not use in the last three or four thousand years, many times more modern society used it in only 100 years Due to which the pressure on the sources of limited reserves is increasing, which is the main reason for the energy crisis. Due to not concentrating on non-conventional sources of energy in a timely manner, it is increasing further, so we have to pay special attention to non-conventional sources like solar energy, wind energy, etc. soon.

आर्थिक विकास केेेेेेेेेेेेेेेेेे दृ्रष्टिकोण से ऊर्जा एक अत्यन्त महत्वपूर्ण अवस्थापना/इन्फ्रास्ट्रक्चर/ है। प्रकृति के पारिस्थितिक संतुलन में ऊर्जा की मुख्य भूमिका रहती है, जो प्राकृतिक परिवेश के जैविक तथा अजैविक घटकों के मध्य अन्तःक्रिया बनाए रखती है। मनुष्य विकास को मात्र आर्थिक एवं भौतिक विकास मानकर लक्ष्य की प्रतिपूर्ति के लिए तीव्र गति वाली तकनीक का आविष्कार कर प्राकृतिक संसाधनो के अंधाध्ंाुध विदोहन मे जुट जाता है। यहीं उससे त्रुटि हो जाती है और वह विकास के स्षान पर पर्यावरण का विनाश करने लगता है, जिससे अनेक सामाजिक समस्याओं को जन्म होता है, जिसमें से एक है ऊर्जा संकट । उत्पादन की आघुनिक तकनिक के साष मानव इतिहास का आधुनिक युग शुरू हुआ एवं ऊर्जा की मांॅंग बढ़ती चली गई, जितनी ऊर्जा का उपयोग विगत तीन या चार हजार वर्षो में मानव समुदाय नहीं कर पाया था, उससे कई गुना आध्ुनिक समाज ने केवल 100 वर्षो में किया है जिससे सीमित भंडार वाले स्त्रोतों पर दबाव बढ़ता चला जा रहा है जो ऊर्जा संकट का मुख्य कारण है । ऊर्जा के गैर परम्परागत स्त्रोतों पर समय पर घ्यान नहीं देने के कारण यह और बढ़ता जा रहा है अतः हमें शीध्र्र ही गैर परम्परागत स्त्रोत जैसे सौर ऊर्जा, पवन ऊर्जा आदि पर विशेष घ्यान देना होगा ।
ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT AND SOCIETY
Authors: Shah Nirmala
Published: February 2021

Human and environment are closely related. The environment affects humans directly and indirectly. The concept of self-reliant development is based on an integrated approach to environmental and development policies, which aims at maximizing economic benefits from an ecological region and minimizing environmental hazards and risks. It includes, to fulfill the needs and expectations of the present without compromising the capabilities of the future. To achieve this, we have to do ecological co-ordination of development in which we must reconfigure our priorities and abandon the one-dimensional paradigm which sees growth with a certain limited view, in which objects are placed higher rather than individuals who have Instead of our happiness, our needs have increased.

मानव और पर्यावरण का निकट का सम्बन्ध है। पर्यावरण मानव को प्रत्यक्ष और अप्रत्यक्ष रूप से प्रभावित करता है। स्वावलम्बी विकास की अवधारणा पर्यावरण एवं विकास नीतियों के एकीकृत नजरिये पर आधारित है जिनका अभिप्राय किसी पारिस्थितिक क्षेत्र से अधिकाधिक आर्थिक लाभ लेना एवं पर्यावरण के संकट एवं जोखिम को न्यूनतम करना है। इसमें अन्तर्निहित है, वर्तमान की आवश्यकताओं एवं अपेक्षाओं को भविष्य की क्षमताओं से समझौता किये बिना पूरा करना। इसको प्राप्त करने के लिये हमें विकास का पारिस्थितिक समन्वय करना होगा जिसमें हमें अपनी प्राथमिकताओं का पुनर्निन्यास करना चाहिये तथा एक आयामी प्रतिमान छोड़ देना चाहिये जो कि वृद्धि को कतिपय सीमित दृष्टिकोंण से देखता है, जिसमें व्यक्ति के बजाय वस्तुओं को उच्चतर स्थान दिया जाता है जिसने हमारे सुख की बजाय हमारी आवश्यकताओं में वृद्धि कर दी है।
CERTAIN CRITICAL OBSERVATIONS ON MELANOPHORES AS BIOMARKER OF WATER POLLUTION
Authors: Dwivedi Bharti , Banerjee Suchitra
Published: February 2021

Recently, first time in entire cultural history, man has faced one of the most horrible ecological crisis - the problem of pollution of his environment which some time past was pure, virgin, undisturbed, uncontaminated and basically quit hospitable for man. The presence in or introduction into the environment of a substance having harmful or poisonous was felt by man now. Pollution is an undesirable change in physical, chemical or biological properties of air, water and soil, which directly or indirectly affect human beings. (Odum 1971). This may harmfully affect human life or that of desirable species, our industrial processes living conditions and cultural assets. In other words pollution is used to refer harmful materials introduced by man into the environment. Thus in a way, pollution is used to release in excess of permit table limit of foreign substances within the environment (Michal 1984).
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AND INTERNATIONAL LAW
Authors: Chaurasia Vinod Kumar , Yadav Ulka
Published: February 2021

The environment around us in which we live and live is made up of an environment consisting of all nature tree plants, and without this we can not imagine life is a very big challenge for us today. We have also made World Environment Day on 5 June every year, as the watchdog watchdog has given a decision on violation of the violation.

हमारे आस पास के वातावरण जिसमें हम जिव-जन्तु समस्त प्रकृति पेड़ पौधों से मिलकर पर्यावरण बनता है और इसके बिना हम जिवन की कोई कल्पना नही कर सकते है हमारे समक्ष आज पर्यावरण को सुरक्षित रखना बहुत बड़ी चुनौती है, इस हेतु अन्तर्राष्ट्रीय स्तर पर और विधियों के उल्लंघन होने पर समय-समय पर सजग प्रहरी के रूप में माननीय उच्चतम न्यायालय ने निर्णय भी दिये हम हर वर्ष 5 जून को विश्व पर्यावरण दिवस भी बनाते है।
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AND INTERNATIONAL LAW
Authors: Malaviya Shodharti Badrilal
Published: February 2021

In order to increase the maximum of its amenities, it is subject to the materialistic earth that the taunting of the environment is decreasing in the speed at which the indiscriminate exploitation of natural resources is being done. The natural environment, the giver of life-giving elements, has reached a critical stage today due to excessive sedation, unlimited quantities of dirty and excreted substances. This has caused a crisis not only on human things but on the whole earth. Therefore, preserving the environment and controlling pollution has become a widespread responsibility of the country.

भोतिकवादी पृवत्ति के वशीभूत हो इसांन अपनी सुख सुविधाओं में अधिकाधिक वृद्वि करने के उददेश्य से प्राकृतिक संपदाओ का अविवेक पूर्ण दोहन जिस गति से कर रहा है, उसमें पर्यावरण का ताना बाना चरमरा रहा है । जीवन दायी तत्वों का दाता प्राकृतिक पर्यावरण आज अत्यधिक देाहन, असीमित मात्रा में निकलते गंदे और उत्सर्जित पदार्थो के कारण संकटमय स्थिति में पहुंच गया है । इससे न सिर्फ मानव वस्तु अपितु संपूर्ण पृथ्वी पर संकट छाया हुआ है । इसलिये पर्यावरण को संरक्षित करना एवं प्रदुषण को नियंत्रित करना देश की एक व्यापक जिम्मेदारी बन गई है।
ACADEMIC INSTITUTION AS A SYSTEM AND SYSTEMS' APPROACH TO THEM AND ATTRIBUTES OF THEIR EXCELLENCE
Authors: Kumar Arun
Published: February 2021

The System approach views the organization as a unified, purposeful system  composed of interrelated parts. This way the manager  can  look at the organization as a whole or part of the larger outside environment. Activity of any part affects all other parts of the organization. A system can be biological, physical or social. The concept  of systems approach was initiated in ancient Indian system of medicine. During  Second World War the concept was applied to education technology. The body of people which constitutes an academic institution is influenced by the environment of society, other institutions, industry, government and politicians. Hence to consider a holistic approach an academic institution must be viewed as a system. Pupils entering the academic institutions are the input and results and their placements are the output  of academic Institutions. Feed back and diagnosis of the result  are  activities influenced by the environmental elements. Attributes of  an  academic  institutions from systems approach should be its Interdependence, Holism - emergent properties, Goal seeking, Open system, Transformation, Entropy, Regulation, Hierarchy, Equifinality, Multifinality.
ANALISIS EFISIENSI TEKNIS USAHATANI PADI LAHAN IRIGASI DI KABUPATEN LOMBOK BARAT
Authors: Wati Hernawati
Published: February 2021

Efisiensi merupakan suatu ukuran relatif dan abstrak, secara individual seorang produsen hanya akan menyadari hakekat efisiensi jika inefisiensi berlangsungnya dalam waktu yang cukup lama akan merugikan karena secara sosial terjadi pemborosan sumberdaya yang semakin langka seiring dengan meningkatnya kebutuhan dan adanya proses degradasi.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat efisiensi teknis pada penggunaan faktor produksi pada usahatani padi di lahan irigasi di Kabupaten Lombok Barat. Rata-rata tingkat efisiensi teknis dan rata-rata produktivitas  yang dicapai petani dalam usahatani padi sebesar 80 % dengan menggunakan analisis frontier yakni produktivitas maksimum yang dapat dicapai dengan sistem pengelolaan yang baik, artinya petani masih memiliki peluang sekitar 20 persen untuk mencapai tingkat efisiensi maksimal 100 persen. Tingkat Efisiensi Teknis yang tinggi mencerminkan prestasi petani dalam keterampilan manajerial cukup tinggi sehingga  penguasaan informasi dan pengambilan keputusan dalam mengelola faktor-faktor penting yang mempengaruhi produktivitas dapat tercapai secara maksimal. Tingkat efisiensi teknis yang sudah dicapai petani dalam menggunakan factor-faktor produksi sudah pada level yang memuaskan, namun mengingat jumlah penduduk setiap tahunnya terus bertambah yang berdampak pada peningkatan kebutuhan akan pangan khususnya beras maka untuk mempertahankan program ketahanan pangan maka perlu kebijakan pemerintah daerah untuk membuat rancangan baru khususnya tehnologi budidaya padi sehingga tingkat efisiensi yang nantinya bisa dicapai mendekati satu. Tingkat efisiensi yang tinggi juga merefleksikan bahwa peluang petani untuk meningkatkan produktivitas yang cukup tinggi semakin kecil karena perbedaan antara tingkat produktivitas yang telah dicapainya dengan tingkat produktivitas maksimum dengan sistem pengelolaan terbaik cukup kecil.

Kata Kunci : Efisiensi, Produksi, Usahatani, Padi
ANALISIS PENETAPAN HARGA KAYU JATI PLUS PERHUTANI BERDASARKAN STUMPAGE COST DAN WILLINGNESS TO PAY
Authors: Pramudita Arga
Published: February 2021

Jati Plus Perhutani (JPP) sebagai salah satu hasil program pemuliaan pohon memiliki beberapa keunggulan komparatif dibandingkan dengan jenis Jati yang dikembangkan melalui perbanyakan konvensional dengan biji. Keunggulan dalam hal keliling batang dan produktivitas yang tinggi dalam jangka waktu yang relatif singkat akan memberikan biaya pembangunan tegakan yang minimal sehingga harga juga tidak terlalu tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui harga pokok produksi kayu JPP hasil penjarangan melalui pendekatan biaya selama daur dan pendekatan pasar (market value). Metode yang digunakan adalah pendekatan nilai tegakan (Stumpage cost) dan  metode Willingness to Pay (WTP) yang terdiri dari survey pelanggan dengan kuisioner dan in depth interview dengan sistematik random sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai pembangunan tegakan JPP selama 9 tahun sebesar Rp20.024.309,-/ha, dengan harga pokok penjualan sortimen AI sebesar Rp. 642.538,- dan sortimen AII sebesar Rp. 881.214,-. Sedangkan berdasarkan pendekatan pasar, konsumen menginginkan harga kayu JPP tidak jauh berbeda dengan kayu jati asal hutan rakyat atau penurunan harga sebesar 13% - 22%. Rekomendasi kebijakan yang disarankan terhadap penentuan harga kayu JPP adalah perlu pemisahan dan pembedaan harga jual dasar kayu JPP supaya dapat bersaing dengan harga kayu rakyat dan dapat menjadi salah satu sumber pendapatan perusahaan dalam waktu yang tidak terlalu lama.
PEMAKAIAN BIOGAS: HEMAT BIAYA BAHAN BAKAR DAN TAMBAHAN PENDAPATAN RUMAHTANGGA MENDUKUNG KETAHANAN ENERGI
Authors: Elizabeth Roosganda
Published: February 2021

Biogas diperoleh dari hasil olahan berbagai materi berbasis pertanian-terna merupakan bioenergi terbarukan (renewable energy), solusi substitusi migas (BBM) hingga ke tingkat industri. Semakin menyusutnya minyak bumi mengharuskan akselerasi penciptaan sumber energi alternatif yang mampu memenuhi kebutuhan energi migas yang semakin meningkat seiring pesatnya pertambahan penduduk dan sektor industri. Manajemen pengolahan dan pemanfaatan limbah pertanian dan peternakan dilakukan juga untuk meminimalisir dampak negatifnya dan memaksimalkan dampak keuntungan serta tetap memperhatikan keseimbangan sistem produksi dengan lingkungan hidup (biogas tidak mengeluarkan asap). Sludge sebagai hasil ikutan merupakan biofertilizer, yang tidak lagi mengundang parasit dan biji gulma, dan pupuk alternatif solusi pencegahan berbagai dampak pencemaran logam berat pada tanah. Dengan metode deduktif kualitatif, tulisan ini bertujuan mengemukakan secara komprehensif perlunya akselerasi penggunaan biogas sebagai pemanfaatan bioenergi untuk dalam rangka mendukung ketahanan energi, pemberdayaan ekonomi dan kelembagaan. Realisasi akselerasi dan efektivitas pengaplikasian biogas sebagai sumber energi alternatif yang relatif ekonomis dan efisien, bahkan dapat menghasilkan pendapatan tambahan dari pendistribusian energi listrik yang dihasilkan biogas ke pengguna lain yang membutuhkannya. Penggunaan biogas memungkinkan pengembangan konsep zero wasted management (dalam SITT) dan pengembangan konsep pertanian berkelanjutan yang mengintegrasikan berbagai aspek sosial ekonomi masyarakat pertanian dan aspek lingkungan. Penggunaan biogas merupakan pilihan tepat sebagai bioenergi dan pupuk, serta diperolehnya keuntungan ganda (multi margin), pemberdayaan ekonomi dan kelestarian lingkungan.
Teknik Pembibitan Tanaman Kelor (Moringa oleifera Lam) dalam Rangka Penyediaan Sumber Pangan Sehat Berkelanjutan di Desa Gumantar Lombok Utara
Authors: Santoso Bambang Budi , Soemeinaboedhy S I Nyoman , Jayaputra Jayaputra
Published: February 2021

In the context of realizing, maintaining and improving the highest public health status, community service activities was carried out in the form of extension activities. The target object of community service activities in the form of counseling on Moringa oleifera Lam seedling nursery techniques in the context of providing healthy food sources in Gumantar Village, North Lombok Gumantar Village, Kayangan District, North Lombok Regency, especially members of the Telaga Valley Farmers Group, and the Hamlet Amor-Amor apparatus. The activity that carried out was one of the services to the community, namely the delivery of information through teaching and discussions as well as demonstrations of Moringa plant nursery techniques. To see whether farmers are responsive to the material that was presented, on this occasion it was observed from the feedback or response to questions asked by farmers during the discussion after the material was delivered and also the level of enthusiasm of the participants in practicing the method of Moringa plant nursery. The results shows that there was an increase in the understanding and knowledge of the members of the Valley of Telaga farmer groups regarding the benefits of the Moringa plant as a source of healthy food and a versatile plant. Increased knowledge on plant nursery techniques to produce good quality moringa seedlings, and resulted in vegetative and generative brochures for moringa plant nurseries.
STUDI PEMBUATAN PERMEN JELLY DARI KOMBINASI NANAS (Ananas comosus L.) DAN JERUK SAMBAL (Citrus microcarpa)
Authors: Mayasari Eva , Rahayuni Tri , Erfiana Nurul
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT

 

Jelly candy from combination of pineapple (Ananas comosus L.) and calamansi (Citrus microcarpa) is an alternative food product. The aim this study is to provide the best quality of jelly candy from the combination of pineapple and calamansi juices. This study used Randomized Block Design with one factor was combination of pineapple : calamansi consisting of 6 levels are 100:0%, 90:10%, 80:20%, 70:30%, 60:40%, 50:50%. Each treatment replicated 4 times therefore obtained  24 samples combination. The combination of 80% pineapple and 20% calamansi is the best treatment with a mean of moisture content 19,34%, ash content 0,30%, vitamin C 15,97mg/100G, total dissolved solids 24,500brix, pH 3,29, hardness level 0,05 kG force, the average score of the panelists preference the taste, appearance, and aroma has like (5,04), like (5,28), like (5,12), respectively. Moisture and ash content are in the levels of jelly candy qualify according to National Standard of Indonesia (SNI: 02-3547-2008), i.e., maximum moisture content of 20,0% and a maximum ash content of 3,0%.

 

Keywords: pineapple, calamansi, combination, jelly candy, fruit juice.

 

ABSTRAK

 

Permen jelly dari penambahan kombinasi nanas (Ananas comosus L.) dan jeruk sambal (Citrus microcarpa) merupakan salah satu alternatif produk pangan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan karakteristik terbaik permen jelly dari kombinasi sari buah nanas dan jeruk sambal. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan 1 faktor perlakuan terdiri dari 6 taraf yaitu kombinasi sari buah nanas dan jeruk sambal terdiri dari 100:0%, 90:10%, 80:20%, 70:30%, 60:40%, 50:50%. Setiap perlakuan diulang sebanyak 4 kali sehingga diperoleh 24 sampel kombinasi. Kombinasi 80% nanas dan 20% jeruk sambal merupakan perlakuan terbaik berdasakan kadar air sebesar 19,34%, kadar abu sebesar 0,30%, vitamin C sebesar 15,97 mG/100G, total padatan terlarut sebesar 24,500brix, pH sebesar 3,29, tingkat kekerasan sebesar 0,05 kG force. Rerata skor kesukaan panelis terhadap rasa, warna, dan aroma berturut-turut adalah menyukai (5,04), menyukai (5,28), menyukai (5,12). Kadar air dan kadar abu permen jelly yang dihasilkan memenuhi syarat mutu SNI 02-3547-2008, yaitu kadar air maksimal 20,0% dan kadar abu maksimal 3,0%.

 

Kata Kunci : nanas, jeruk sambal, kombinasi, permen jelly, sari buah.
PERTUMBUHAN TINGGI TANAMAN SAWI HIJAU MELALUI PEMBERIAN CAMPURAN MEDIA TANAM BERBAHAN APU-APU
Authors: Bustami Yakobus
Published: February 2021

Pertumbuhan tinggi tanaman sawi hijau (Brassica Sinensis L) menjadi salah satu faktor penentudalam meningkatkan produktivitas tanaman sawi hijau. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahuipeningkatan pertumbuhan tinggi tanaman sawi hijau (Brassica sinensis L) dengan pemberiancampuran media tanam berbahan apu-apu (Pistia stratiotes). Pendekatan yang digunakan berupapendekatan kuantitatif dengan metode penelitian eksperimen. Rancangan dalam penelitian inimenggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dan setiap perlakuan terdiri dari 6 ulangan. Data yangdiukur adalah pertumbuhan tinggi tanaman sawi hijau. Alat pengumpul data mengunakan lembarobservasi dan dokumentasi berupa foto. Analisis data menggunakan analisis deskriptif daninferensial. Analisis inferensial menggunakan uji anova dan dilanjutkan dengan uji Least SignificantDifference (LSD). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian pupuk organik Apu-Apumemberikan pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap pertumbuhan tinggi tanaman sawi hijau.Pertumbuhan tanaman sawi hijau dengan pemberian pupuk organik Apu-Apu menghasilkan nilaireratatertinggi sebesar5,22 cm. Hasil ini diperkuat dengan analisis anova yang menunjukkan bahwanilai probalilitas lebih kecil dari nilai alpa (nilai: p<0,05). Selanjutnya, hasil uji LSD menunjukkanbahwa pupuk organik berbahan Apu-Apupada perlakuan kelima (450 gram) berbeda nyatadenganperlakuan lainnya. Dengan demikian, perlakuan kelima dengan dosis 450 gram merupakan dosisyang paling baik atau optimal dalam meningkatkan pertumbuhan tinggi tanaman sawi hijau.
LESSON LEARN DI SMA NEGERI 5 KEDIRI PADA MATAPELAJARAN BIOLOGI MATERI STRUKRUR DAN FUNGSI SEL PENYUSUSN JARINGAN HEWAN
Authors: Nurmilawati Mumun
Published: February 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui praktik terbaik, kendala, dan upayadalam prosespembelajaran di SMA Negeri 5 Kediri pada materi struktur dan fungsi sel penyusun jaringan hewan.Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil yang diperoleh untukpembelajaran struktur dan fungsi sel penyusun jaringan hewan dengan menggunakan metodediskusi dan eksperimen, kendala yang ditemukan proses pembelajaran di SMA Negeri 5 Kediri yaitudalam proses pembelajaran jika menggunakan metode yang sama dalam beberapa kali pertemuanmenyebabkan kebosanan pada siswa, siswa cenderung tidak mau membaca baik modul maupunbuku pegangan yang telah dimiliki, dan alokasi waktu yang tidak sesuai. Sedangkan upaya yangdilakukan adalah menggunakan metode yang bervariasi dalam proses pembelajaran, meminta siswauntuk membaca sumber sebelum memulai pembelajaran.Kata kunci: Lesson Learn, Biologi.
JENIS-JENIS POHON PENEDUH DI TAMAN KOTA KEDIRI
Authors: Indah Tutut
Published: February 2021

Taman kota merupakan ruang terbuka hijau yang disediakan sebagai fasilitas umum. Kedirimemiliki enam taman kota yang dibangun sejak tahun 2016. Penelitian ini merupakanpenelitian pendahuluan yang bertujuan untuk mendata jenis pohon peneduh pada tamankota Kediri, yang kemudian digunakan untuk acuan pada penelitian berikutnya. Pendataanjenis pohon dilakukan dengan mencatat dan mengambil gambar pohon secara keseluruhanbagian tajuk. Identifikasi hingga tingkat spesies dilakukan di laboratorium Botani UniversitasNusantara PGRI Kediri. Data kualitatif disajikan dalam bentuk tabel. Telah tercatat sebanyak57 jenis pohon yang ditanam pada Taman Kota Kediri. Keseluruhan jenis pohon yangtercatat dalam kondisi terawat dengan baik. Kata kunci: pohon, taman kota, Kediri
APLIKASI MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE TGT (TEAMS-GAMES-TOURNAMENT) DALAM MENINGKATKAN MOTIVASI DAN HASIL BELAJAR BIOLOGI MATERI ANIMALIA SISWA KELAS X IPA SMA BINA INSAN MANDIRI NGANJUK TAHUN AJARAN 2018/2019
Authors: Fadilah Rahmawati
Published: February 2021

Tujuan penelitian tindakan kelas ini adalah untuk mengetahui aplikasi model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe TGT(Teams Games Tournamant) yang dapat meningkatkan motivasi dan hasil belajar biologi siswa kelas X IPA SMA Bina Insan Mandiri Nganjuk.Penelitian ini akan di lakukan melalui proses pengkajian berdaur, yang terdiri dari empat tahap, yaitu tahap merencanakan (planning), melakukan tindakan (action), mengamati (observation), dan melakukan refleksi (reflection). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: a) terjadi peningkatan motivasi belajar siswa berdasarkan peningkatan jumlah skor motivasi siswa dari 38,6% menjadi 61,4%, b) terjadi peningkatan hasil belajar siswa dari peningkatan jumlah siswa yang mampu mencapai nilai tuntas, baik pada siklusI danIIyang mengalami kenaikan dari 26 siswa (76,5%) menjadi 32 siswa atau 85,2%. Dari hasil ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa penerapan model pembelajarankooperatif tipe TGT (teams games tournament) mampu meningkatkan motivasi dan hasil belajar biologi untuk materi Animalia pada siswa kelas X IPA SMA Bina Insan Mandiri Nganjuk.
THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES OF FORMATION OF INVESTMENT AND INNOVATION STRATEGY AT THE ENTERPRISE
Authors: Zoria Оleksii , Serhienko Volodymyr
Published: February 2021

The purpose of the article is to develop and theoretically substantiate the mechanism of formation of investment and innovation strategy of the enterprise in the conditions of institutional transformations. It has been established that future competitiveness is associated with innovation, and for enterprises it is associated with their innovative activity. At the same time, the innovations themselves become objects of investment. Methodology. In the course of the research, scientific methods were used that took into account the laws and regularities of economic theory, agrarian economics, agrarian management, the dialectical and historical approach to scientific knowledge. Results. For enterprises operating in modern conditions, it is advisable to form an investment and innovation cross-functional strategy, which allows to coordinate tasks in the field of innovation and investment in achieving the goals of the overall strategy. The essence of innovation and investment strategy is based on limited resource provision of development processes, taking into account that investments act as an independent source of competitiveness and as a means for innovative development, but must be implemented in a better combination of investment directions. In addition, the investment and innovation strategy allows to provide the necessary cyclical processes of enterprise development in combination with the cyclical nature of the economy for a long period. Investment and innovation strategy must have a structural integrity in terms of resource use and impact on the enterprise as a whole. This strategy of the enterprise should be consistent with the overall strategy, contribute to the achievement of common goals, strengthen the competitive, financial, technological position of the enterprise, as well as create opportunities for further growth and development. The role of investment and innovation strategy is subordinated to the strategic goals of the enterprise and is transformed depending on the type and objectives of the overall strategy, can range from full focus on creating and implementing innovation to investment in support of current activities and sustainability. Practical implications. The practical significance of the study is that its scientific and theoretical results, proposals, conclusions and generalizations form the scientific basis for solving the problem of formation of investment and innovation strategy of the enterprise in modern conditions. Value/originality. The implementation of the proposed measures will increase the efficiency of enterprises of all sectors of the national economy and ensure the process of formation of investment and innovation development of the economy.
ANALYSIS OF THE POTENTIAL AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION AND AGRICULTURAL PROCESSING IN UKRAINE
Authors: Kushnir Svitlana , Zasoba Serhii
Published: February 2021

The objective of the article is to study the possibilities of agricultural production and agricultural processing and search for the prospects of development of the industry of Ukraine. Methodology. The following analyses are carried out: profitability and cost-effectiveness (rate of return) of the agricultural products, the level of consumption of basic food products in Ukraine, availability of agricultural machinery at agricultural enterprises, the structure and growth rate of purchase of agricultural machinery at agricultural enterprises of Ukraine. Results. It is proved that a low level of profitability in the agricultural sector is a significant violation of price parity – there is a deterioration in the ratio of the prices of agriculture producers for sold products, and prices for acquired industrial goods, and for the services of commercial and technical purpose, i.e. there is a situation of non-conformity of revenues and costs of agricultural production. It should be noted that the level of the development of the agricultural complex, first of all, is determined by the quality and volume of food consumed by the population. Practical implications. During the country's independence, the profitability of production of all major products has decreased significantly and negative trends are observed. Comparing the data of 2019 with 1990, we can see that part of the profitable production has transferred to the unprofitable. The analysis of the dynamics of consumption of major food groups over the past two decades shows that for the period from 2000 to 2014 there was an increase in consumption of milk and dairy products by 12%; meat and meat products by 65%; eggs by 86.7%; potatoes by 4%, vegetables and melons by 60.5%; fruits, berries and grapes by 78.5%; fish and fish products by 32.1%; oils by 39.4%. During this period, there was a decrease in the positions of bread and bread products by 13% and sugar by 1.4%. Value/originality. The low intensity of the agricultural sector of Ukraine is largely due to the neglect of the requirements of agricultural machinery and production technology. It is important to apply the required amount of mineral fertilizers, which is one of the important technological requirements for growing crops. Therefore, the effective development of this industry requires a modern, effective and scientifically sound financing program by attracting investment and soft loans.
DIRECTIONS OF DEVELOPMENT OF DIGITAL SOCIETY IN UKRAINE
Authors: Sokolovska Oksana
Published: February 2021

The purpose of the work is to identify the problems and directions of digital society’s development in Ukraine. The current stage of the information society has been investigated by the author. Under the influence of development of new technologies, it has clear signs of a transition to a digital society. It has been proven in the article that the widespread use of mobile devices in the life of social individuals alters the interaction between public authorities and stakeholders dramatically. The methodological basis of the research consist of the studying the state of transition of the information society to the digital one using logical analysis, synthesis and comparison, as well as conducting an expert survey by the Delphi method. Results of the research showed important problems and directions for further work on the development of digital economy and digital society in the region, such as: the level of access to the high-speed Internet in rural areas is far behind urban indices; along with the great desire of population to develop the e-democracy, there is a problem of improper work of relevant digital resources; e-Government is developing actively in terms of technology and software, but its efficiency is still very low. It has been argued in the article that not all administrative processes and procedures can be automized during the digital transformation. It has been shown by the authors that the positive example of the development of digital society’s foundations at the regional and local level is becoming a factor for the digitalization of all public administration bodies of Ukraine. The results of an expert survey on assessing the digital development of Dnipropetrovsk region has been presented in the article. In Ukraine’s realities, the introduction of digital technologies, including the artificial intelligence, is a benchmark for the Government's strategic goals in the long-term future. Positive experience of digital society’s development at the regional and local levels can be a driving force for the advancement of digital deployments at the national level. To that end, the evaluation of the electronic readiness of districts, cities and united territorial communities has been made in Dnipropetrovsk region of Ukraine.
APPLICATION OF GLOBAL MODELS OF ECO-DEVELOPMENT IN UKRAINE
Authors: Khalavka Ostap
Published: February 2021

The purpose of the paper is to analyze the successful experience of both developing and developed countries related to the resolution of environmental issues and implementation of the models of eco-development and provide recommendation for Ukraine regarding the ways to apply this experience in the country’s economy effectively. Methodology. The paper is based on the combination of qualitative and quantitative research and applies the dialectic perception method to analyze economic events and processes at the time of their development, interconnection, and interdependence. Results of the research demonstrate that successful sustainable transformation of the economy may take place not only in highly developed countries but also in the developing ones. Ukraine may consider the successful experience of the implementation of sustainable initiatives of such countries as Luxembourg, Denmark, Switzerland, Seychelles, and Morocco. The success of these countries is addressing environmental issues is related to their focus on establishing cooperation between the public and private sectors while promoting sustainable behavior among citizens. The government of Ukraine needs to prioritize sustainable transformation of the economy by improving the country’s business climate for innovative sustainable startups and by promoting the development and application by businesses of energy-efficient technologies. The main potential challenges that may be faced by Ukraine in its way towards sustainable development are corruption and ineffective use of financial resources, however, these issues may be addressed via the cooperation with international organizations. Sustainable transformation of the Ukrainian economy will not only improve the environmental situation in the country but will also create visible benefits for economic players and people. Practical implications. The environmental situation in Ukraine has been deteriorating for decades and the previously applied as well as existing measures implemented to address environmental issues in Ukraine do not provide desired outcomes. The country needs to apply new innovative instruments and measures to make it economy sustainable and, to this end, Ukraine should create the economic conditions in which sustainable development would be beneficial for all engaged parties. The practical experience of both developed and developing countries has the potential to be implemented in Ukraine in coming years in case the country’s authorities take appropriate and timely measures. Value/originality. The provided recommendations for Ukraine consider the modern trends and conditions existing in the global economy, have regard to the successful experience of sustainable transformation of the economy, in particular, of developed and developing countries, and may be used by the country’s government to develop effective sustainable development policy in the future.