bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Complexidade enunciativa na fala infantil: as hesitações
Authors: Chacon Lourenço , Melo Cristina Gonçalves de
Published: August 2020

A investigação relatada no presente artigo orientou-se pelo seguinte objetivo: verificar em que medida hesitações sinalizariam diferentes modos de negociação entre o sujeito que enuncia e os outros que se mostram como presentes (embora tidos como “exteriores”) na enunciação. Os dados foram extraídos de amostras de fala de crianças entre 5 e 6 anos, coletadas em situação escolar. A análise mostrou que as hesitações remeteram à ação de fatos das condições de produção do discurso – como a representação (i) dos papéis assumidos pelos interlocutores, (ii) da própria situação concreta de produção do discurso, (iii) dos objetos discursivos, bem como (iv) a injunção ao dizer. Remeteram, ainda, às diferentes maneiras pelas quais a complexidade da língua (em termos fonológicos, gramaticais e semânticos) se mostrou como problemática para o sujeito enunciador.
Subjetividade, socialidade e historicidade na arte do problema em Benveniste: prospecções de Gérard Dessons
Authors: Silva Carmem Luci Da Costa
Published: August 2020

O estudo aborda as relações entre as noções de subjetividade, socialidade e historicidade na Teoria da Linguagem de Émile Benveniste, a partir da reflexão proposta por Gérard Dessons na obra Émile Benveniste, l´invention du discours, publicada em 2006. O trabalho procura responder à seguinte questão: Como a leitura de Dessons (2006) das obras de Benveniste – Problemas de Linguística Geral I e Problemas Linguística Geral II – possibilita a formulação de prospecções teóricas? A questão é respondida por meio da leitura da obra de Dessons (2006) a partir da proposição de dois eixos: subjetividade-socialidade e subjetividade-historicidade.
The Meaning of Tolaki, Minangkabau, and Timor Cultural Symbol in Three Nusantara Folklores: Oheo, Kaba Malin Deman, and Tujuh Bidadari
Authors: Priventa Hendrike , Noor Redyanto
Published: August 2020

Indonesian are less aware of the function of folklore in the modern era. When examined more deeply, folklore is a manifestation of local cultural values ​​that are not widely known. This is the background for the research of this article which intends to introduce the uniqueness of the Nusantara folklore through an analysis of the eating of cultural symbols. The purpose of this research is to describe and introduce the meaning of cultural symbols in the Nusantara folklore. The method used is literature using semiotic theory. The results obtained in this study are as follows. 1) Folklore is part of a culture, therefore in the structure of folklore found cultural elements represented in the form of symbols. 2) Cultural symbols in folklore cannot be interpreted directly, with a semiotic and cultural approach symbols can be interpreted according to the cultural origin of the folklore. 3) Literature, culture, and art are three things that cannot be separated. Cultural symbols do not only show cultural elements but also provide a moral message and aesthetic side in reading literary works. 4) Folklore can become an identity in culture from that it can be drawn that cultural symbols can show the progress of civilization in a culture. 5) The three folklores of the archipelago that have been studied have their own characteristics. Oheo with the influence of the elements of marriage and social stratification, Kaba Malin Deman with a touch of matrilineality, and Tujuh Bidadari with the influence of religious elements
POLE and POLD1 pathogenic variants in the proofreading domain in papillary thyroid cancer
Authors: Siraj Abdul K , Bu Rong , Arshad Maham , Iqbal Kaleem , Parvathareddy Sandeep Kumar , Masoodi Tariq , Ghazwani Laila Omar , Al-Sobhi Saif S , Al-Dayel Fouad , Al-Kuraya Khawla S
Published: August 2020

Thyroid cancer is the most frequent endocrine cancer with an increasing incidence rate worldwide and is the second most common malignancy among females in Saudi Arabia. Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is the most common subtype. Germline pathogenic variants in the proofreading domain of the POLE and POLD1 genes predispose to several types of cancers. However, the role of pathogenic variants of these two genes in PTC remains unknown. Capture sequencing, Sanger sequencing and immunohistochemistry were performed on 300 PTC cases from the Middle Eastern region. One germline pathogenic variant each of POLE (1/300, 0.33%) and POLD1 (1/300, 0.33%) genes was identified. Low expression of POLD1 was detected in 46.5% (133/286) of cases and was significantly associated with the follicular variant of PTC (P = 0.0006), distant metastasis (P = 0.0033) and stage IV tumours (P = 0.0081). However, no somatic pathogenic variant was detected in POLE gene. Furthermore, low expression of POLE was noted in 61.7% (175/284) of cases with no significant clinicopathological associations. Our study shows that pathogenic variant in the POLE and POLD1 proofreading domain is a cause of PTC and low expression of POLD1 is associated with poor prognostic markers in the Middle Eastern population. Further studies from different geographic populations are needed to determine the frequency and spectrum of proofreading domain pathogenic variants in POLE and POLD1 genes and in PTC from different ethnicities.
Physiological criteria of functional fitness and determinants of physical work capacity of highly skilled wrestlers
Authors: Pryimakov Oleksandr , Iermakov Sergii , Eider Jerzy , Prysiazhniuk Stanislav , Mazurok Natalija
Published: August 2020

Background and Study Aim. The objective of the work is to study the key factors of highly skilled wrestler fitness structure determining the level of their functional state and physical work capacity at the stage of maximum realization of individual capacities. Material and methods. 45 highly skilled wrestlers aged 19-27 years, members of the national teams of Ukraine in freestyle and Greco-Roman wrestling were examined. 27 athletes of student age (19-24 years-old), among them were 23 students and postgraduate. Instrumental research methods were used to record indices of functional fitness (FF) and physical work capacity of wrestlers while performing a specialized test with throws of a partner and a block of testing physical loads on a bicycle ergometer. Results. It was revealed that among factors determining the structure of wrestlers' fitness, the integral factor of FF general level (31.13% of the total variance) has the greatest impact on the variability of physical work capacity indices of athletes. Increase in skill level of wrestlers is associated with decreased time of performing throws in a specialized test, increased relative values of lactate power, O2-debt, general level of FF, O2 consumption per 1 kg of body mass. Improvement of wrestler FF structure along with an increase in their skill level is characterized by higher contribution of FF integral parameters (anaerobic power, mobility of physiological reactions, FF general level) to the manifestation of physical work capacity. It was revealed that the general level of FF of wrestlers is characterized by the following ratio of key factors (relative to model values of elite athletes): anaerobic power - 52.6 ± 4.9%, aerobic power - 52.8 ± 4,1%, mobility - 80.4 ± 5.3%, economy - 43.3 ± 3.0%. In the course of studies, mathematical models of the key factors of wrestler FF structure associations with the level of special work capacity, skill level and weight category have been developed. Modeling allowed to specify the criteria and develop scales for assessing special physical work capacity level, differentiated according to skill level and weight category groups of highly skilled wrestlers. Conclusions. The findings reflect the crucial role of anaerobic energy supply mechanisms in the manifestation of high special work capacity in wrestling. Improvement of wrestler FF structure along with the increase of their skills is characterized by a decrease in the number of key functional parameters determining the level of physical work capacity during testing with loads that model specific activity of highly skilled wrestlers. This, along with body functions economization, is one of the important criteria for improving FF structure of the combat athletes.
The effect of three sport games in physical education on the health-related fitness of male university students
Authors: Mohammed Mohammed H.H.
Published: August 2020

Background and Study Aim. Few controlled studies have been conducted on the effect of sports games as a physical education (PE) course on the health-related fitness of university students. The aim of the study was to determine whether three sports in a PE course will help improve the health-related fitness of male university students. Material and Methods. Students from two universities participated in the study, with one university acting as a control group. There were two PE courses which students registered for: a football and volleyball (FVG, n=169) course and a badminton (BG, n=97) course. The students received basic training drills and competed with one another. The duration of the activities was 50 minutes sessions for eight weeks. The following tests were taken before and after eight weeks: Cooper test, sit-and-reach test, 60-s curl test, standing long jump test, and body mass index. Paired t-tests were used to compare the baseline and post data of each group. The Welch t-test, ANCOVA, and analysis of gains scores were used to compare each of the PE groups to the control group. ANCOVA was used to account for baseline differences, while analysis of gains scores was used whenever ANCOVA could not be used. The Vargha-Delaney Effect Size (VD) and the Common Language Effect Size (CLES) were used to determine the effect sizes for the Welch t-tests and ANCOVA, respectively. Significant changes were set at p ≤ 0.05 and VD ≤ 42% or VD ≥ 58%, or if p ≤ 0.05 and CLES ≥ 58 %. Results.  Both PE groups showed significant improvements in all the measured fitness parameters except body composition. Moreover, the measured parameters of the control group reduced after eight weeks. Conclusion. The study shows evidence that PE courses can serve male universities in improving their health-related fitness. Moreover, students who do not participate in a PE course may be at risk of losing their fitness.
Going viral: lessons from an accelerated PPE teaching programme during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Bennett Benjamin , Fuller Silas , Howlett Patrick , Hare Alanna
Published: August 2020

This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended. Introduction: at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom, there was an urgent need to establish a teaching programme to rapidly upskill hospital staff in the use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE). Aims: to train all members of clinical and non-clinical staff operating within the respiratory department of the Royal Brompton Hospital over a period of one week, using a series of multi-professional simulation-based sessions and to then share the learning points gained in order to assist others facing the same issue. Results: using an iterative style and a mastery learning model, the designated teaching faculty rapidly implemented a situated teaching programme, managing to train all staff members within the given timeframe. Given the time-critical nature of the programme, sessions required considerable flexibility to change to fit a learner-driven agenda, drawing benefits from an andragogical approach and an emphasis on interprofessional learning.
Educating physiotherapy students on HIV and rehabilitation: An investment for the future
Authors: Lyndon Iain , Alexanders Jenny
Published: August 2020

This article was migrated. The article was not marked as recommended. At present, thanks to advances in medicine, the life expectancy of people living with HIV continues to rise. However, as these patients begin to live longer, they are more likely to suffer complex health-related challenges of the infection, associated physical and physiological co-morbidities and potential adverse effects of treatment. The amount of education physiotherapy students receive on HIV and rehabilitation remains to be minimal. This editorial presents an interesting overview of this condition in relation to how future physiotherapists are going play a key role in the management of patients with HIV.
Zooplankton communities and their relationship with water quality in eight reservoirs from the midwestern and southeastern regions of Brazil
Authors: Picapedra P. H. S. , Fernandes C. , Baumgartner G. , Sanches P. V.
Published: August 2020

Abstract Zooplankton are widely recognised as being regulated primarily by predators and food availability. In reservoirs, the quantity and quality of food resources are generally affected by the characteristics of the water, which in turn are controlled by the flow pulse generated by operation of the dams. In this study, we investigated the relationship between zooplankton, water quality and food availability (phytoplankton) in eight hydroelectric reservoirs located in Brazil. Samples were collected during the rainy and dry periods between 2008 and 2009. In general, the reservoirs exhibited mesotrophic conditions and Cyanobacteria were the predominant phytoplankton. The results showed that the rotifers Kellicottia bostoniensis, Hexarthra mira, Keratella spp., and Polyarthra vulgaris were present, indicating nutrient-rich environments. In addition, the copepod Thermocyclops decipiens occurred in eutrophic environments. In contrast, the cladoceran Daphnia gessneri and copepod Notodiaptomus henseni were considered indicators of more desirable water quality, owing to their relationship with waters with lower levels of nutrients and suspended solids. The results support the use of these organisms as a useful tool for understanding changes in water quality and in the ecosystem processes involved.
Introduzindo o conceito de força do oscilador nas disciplinas iniciais de mecânica quântica
Authors: Velloso M. , Acioly V. , Santos A. C. F.
Published: August 2020

Resumo Neste artigo, uma regra de soma para transições de elétrons entre os estados atômicos, proposta por Thomas, Reiche e Kuhn (TRK), apresentada apenas, e quando muito, em cursos avançados, é examinada de forma didática para o caso de transições entre estados de elétrons em dois sistemas familiares, os poços de potencial finito e infinito unidimensionais, tradicionalmente estudados em disciplinas introdutórias de mecânica quântica nos cursos de graduação em física.
MULTISYSTEM INFLAMMATORY SYNDROME IN A CHILD ASSOCIATED WITH CORONAVIRUS DISEASE 19 IN THE BRAZILIAN AMAZON: FATAL OUTCOME IN AN INFANT
Authors: Farias Emmerson Carlos Franco de , Justino Maria Cleonice Aguiar , Mello Mary Lucy Ferraz Maia Fiuza de
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT Objective: Recently, there have been reports of children with severe inflammatory syndrome and multiorgan dysfunction associated with elevated inflammatory markers. These cases are reported as presenting the Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) associated with COVID-19. In this study, we describe with parental permission a case of MIS-C in an infant with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Case description: A seven-month-old infant, with SARS-CoV-2 infection and a history of extreme preterm birth and very low weight at birth, with an initial course of mild respiratory symptoms and abrupt progression to vasoplegic shock, myocarditis and hyperinflammation syndrome, shown by high levels of troponin I, ferritin, CRP, D-dimer and hypoalbuminemia. Despite the intensive care provided, the child developed multiple organ dysfunction and died. Comments: Patients with a history of extreme prematurity may present with MIS-C in the presence of COVID-19 and are a group of special concern.
PHYSICAL ACTIVITY, SCREEN TIME, NUTRITIONAL STATUS AND SLEEP IN ADOLESCENTS IN NORTHEAST BRAZIL
Authors: Souza Neto João Miguel de , Costa Filipe Ferreira da , Barbosa Arthur Oliveira , Prazeres Filho Alcides , Santos Elaine Valdna Oliveira dos , Farias Júnior José Cazuza de
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT Objective: To verify the prevalence of sleep quality and duration and its association with the level of physical activity, screen time and nutritional status in adolescents. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study with 1,432 adolescents (53.1%, female), ten to 14 years old (12.0±1.0 year) from public schools in Joao Pessoa, Northeast Brazil. Physical activity (≥300 vs. <300 minutes/week), screen time (≤2 vs. >2 h/day) and duration (<8 vs. ≥8 h/day) and perception of sleep quality (negative vs. positive perception) were measured by questionnaire. Nutritional status was assessed by body mass index (low weight / normal weight vs. overweight / obesity). Binary logistic regression was used to analyze association between variables, considering different aggregation of negative factors. Results: The prevalence of insufficient duration and negative perception of sleep quality was 12.6% (95%CI 10.9-14.4) and 21.0% (95%CI 18.9-23.1), respectively. There was a linear trend in the chance of the adolescents to present insufficient duration of sleep as a result of simultaneous negative factors (physical inactivity, excessive screen time, being overweight) (OR=4.31; 95%CI 1.50-12.48). Conclusions: Adolescents exposed simultaneously to low levels of physical activity, excessive screen time and overweight had a lower sleep duration.
Recommendations from the Brazilian Society of Nephrology for approaching Covid-19 Diagnostic Testing in Dialysis Units
Authors: Moura-Neto José A. , Palma Lilian M. P. , Marchiori Gabriel F. , Stucchi Raquel S. B. , Misael Ana Maria , D’Avila Ronaldo , Silva Dirceu Reis da , Andreoli Maria Claudia Cruz , Kraychete Angiolina , Bastos Kleyton , Nascimento Marcelo Mazza do
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT The Covid-19 pandemic brought several challenges to the healthcare system: diagnosis, treatment and measures to prevent the spread of the disease. With the greater availability and variety of diagnostic tests, it is essential to properly interpret them. This paper intends to help dialysis units concerning the use of clinical criteria and diagnostic tests for decision making regarding the discontinuation of isolation of patients with suspected or confirmed Covid-19, as well as the return to work activities for employees with suspected or confirmed Covid-19.
COMDORA-SBN recommendations for patients with rare kidney diseases in relation to the Covid-19 pandemic
Authors: Colares Vinícius Sardão , Miranda Silvana Maria , Andrade Luis Gustavo Modelli de , Palma Lilian Monteiro Pereira , Castro Maria Cristina Ribeiro de , Silva Cassiano Augusto Braga , Penido Maria Goretti Moreira Guimarães , Sobral Roberta , Vaisbich Maria Helena
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT During the Covid-19 pandemic, the issue is how to maintain adequate care for people with other diseases. In this document, the SBN Rare Diseases Committee (COMDORA) gives some guidelines on the care of patients with rare kidney diseases. These patients should follow the recommendations for the general population, bearing in mind that, as they have chronic kidney disease, they are included in the risk group for more serious outcomes if they develop Covid-19. Non-essential decision-making procedures should be postponed. In stable cases under appropriate treatment, we must choose to contact our patients remotely, using teleconsultations and home exam collections (if possible). In the presence of a symptom or sign of decompensation of the underlying disease, or infection with Sars-cov-2, advise the patient to seek medical assistance. The patient should not be waiting to get worse. Changes to the prescription should only be made on a scientific basis. Dosage suspension or change is not recommended, even in cases in which the patient needs to go to a center to receive his medication; in this case, the infusion center must follow the recommendations of the Ministry of Health. If the patient develops Covid-19 and uses any drugs, check the need for dose adjustment of the routine medications. Avoid the use of antimetabolics and anti-CD20 in patients with Covid-19, as they reduce viral clearance and predispose to bacterial infections. Contact between the patient and the medical team is essential; changes are recommended only with specialized medical guidance.
Position Paper of the Department of Hypertension of the Brazilian Society of Nephrology: Use of renin-angiotensin system blockers during the course of Covid-19 infection
Authors: Rodrigues Cibele Isaac Saad
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT This position statement of the Department of Hypertension of the Brazilian Society of Nephrology (SBN) addresses the controversy surrounding the use or suspension/replacement of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system blockers (particularly inhibitors of the angiotensin-converting enzyme or angiotensin II AT1 receptor blockers) prophylactically in individuals using these drugs, due to the possibility of allegedly worsening the prognosis of hypertensive patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. The SBN Hypertension Department recommends individualizing treatment and maintaining these medications until better scientific evidence is available.
Position statement from the Brazilian Society of Nephrology regarding chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine drug dose adjustment according to renal function
Authors: Moura-Neto José A. , Misael Ana Maria , Silva Dirceu Reis da , D’Avila Ronaldo , Andreoli Maria Claudia Cruz , Kraychete Angiolina , Bastos Kleyton , Nascimento Marcelo Mazza do
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine have shown promising preliminary results and have been discussed as therapeutic options for patients with Covid-19. Despite the lack of robust evidence demonstrating the benefits and justifying the use of one of these drugs, the final decision is the responsibility of the attending physician and should be individualized and shared, whenever possible. This position statement recommends dosage adjustment for these drugs in the context of renal impairment.
Incidentes de segurança do paciente na Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) de Manaus, AM, Brasil
Authors: Aguiar Tatiane Lima , Lima Dheyse Silva , Moreira Maria Alyete Bezerra , Santos Liliane Félix dos , Ferreira João Marcos Bemfica Barbosa
Published: August 2020

A expressão “segurança do paciente” refere-se à redução a um nível mínimo aceitável do risco de dano desnecessário associado ao cuidado em saúde. Estudos internacionais indicam uma ocorrência de dois a três incidentes de segurança do paciente por 100 consultas na APS, com frequência similar no Brasil. Realizamos um estudo descritivo para identificar incidentes de segurança do paciente na APS de Manaus, AM, Brasil, em 2018, mediante notificações voluntárias de médicos selecionados por amostragem por conveniência. As 105 notificações coletadas permitiram calcular uma incidência de três incidentes de segurança por 1.000 atendimentos no trimestre estudado. Em 82% dos incidentes, houve envolvimento do usuário. Em 39 notificações (37%), houve registro de dano, sendo 33% de dano mínimo, 17% de dano moderado e dois óbitos. Os resultados implicam no incentivo a ações de educação em saúde sobre o tema voltadas aos usuários.
SnO-reinforced silicate glasses and utilization in gamma-radiation-shielding applications
Authors: Rammah Yasser Saad , Kumar Ashok , Mahmoud Karem Abdel-Azeem , El-Mallawany Raouf , El-Agawany Fouad Ismail , Susoy Gulfem , Tekin Huseyin Ozan
Published: August 2020

The influence of tin (II) oxide (SnO) on the γ-ray radiation-protection characteristics of binary silicate glass samples with the form (100 − x)SiO2–xSnO, 40 mol% ≤ x ≤ 60 mol%, was investigated. The density and molar volume of the glasses were determined. The values of μ/ρ (mass attenuation coefficients in cm2/g) of the investigated glasses were evaluated by using the XCOM software and Monte Carlo N-Particle Transport 5 simulation in the energy range of 0.015–15.000 MeV. The obtained values of μ/ρ show good agreement between the two methods. In terms of μ/ρ, several gamma ray protection parameters, such as half-value layer, mean free path, effective atomic number, exposure build-up factor (EBF) and energy absorption build-up factor (EABF), were calculated. The results revealed that the μ/ρ values of all samples can be arranged in the order SiSn60 > SiSn55 > SiSn50 > SiSn45 > SiSn40. The results showed that the half-value layers of the investigated samples were in the order SiSn40 > SiSn45 > SiSn50 > SiSn55 > SiSn60. The values of EBF and EABF show proportionate variations with the photon energy and chemical composition of the glasses. Therefore, the investigated glasses can be considered satisfactory materials for gamma ray protection, particularly the SiSn60 sample, with 60 mol% tin (II) oxide.
Deliberation in an Age of (Un)Civil Resistance
Authors: Smith William
Published: August 2020

There is currently a global wave of protest movements whose militant tactics cannot be subsumed under the category of nonviolent civil disobedience. There has, concurrently, been a surge of interest among political philosophers in the idea of ‘uncivil disobedience’, with a range of theorists converging on the view that there is often no compelling rationale for limiting dissent to the nonviolent repertoire associated with civil disobedience. This discussion piece reconsiders deliberative democratic approaches to activism and protest in light of these political and philosophical developments. It argues that the tendency to frame protest through the catch-all category of ‘non-deliberative’ behaviour elides the distinction between civil and uncivil disobedience, treating as analogous forms of conduct that are quite different in terms of their potential consequences and their ethical complexion. The paper focuses in particular on the difficult case of violence, exploring the normative scope for deliberative theorists to treat it as a potentially legitimate mode of uncivil resistance.
Can Deliberation Reduce Political Misperceptions? Findings from a Deliberative Experiment on Immigration
Authors: Himmelroos Staffan , Rapeli Lauri
Published: August 2020

How can deliberative democracy contribute to our understanding of political misperceptions? Findings from the field of political sophistication suggest that misperceptions are difficult to change and corrective measures often fail. However, this field of research has paid little attention to deliberation as a mechanism to reduce political misperceptions. Using a deliberative experiment on immigration where participants engaged in either mixed or likeminded group discussions, we find some evidence of deliberation’s corrective potential, especially in mixed groups, i.e. groups where individuals with different opinions on the matter discuss these with each other. By conducting the first exploratory study on deliberative democracy’s potential for reducing misperception, we hope to advance the empirical discussion on the precise function of deliberation in the age of disinformation.
Introducing the Journal of Deliberative Democracy
Authors: Curato Nicole , Bächtiger André , Strandberg Kim , Smith Graham
Published: August 2020

This editorial introduction provides a statement of our vision for the Journal of Deliberative Democracy and an overview of the Special Issue on the Frontiers of Deliberative Democracy.
Worker Churn at Establishments over the Business Cycle
Authors: Weingarden Alison
Published: August 2020

This note decomposes worker churn (which occurs when business establishments have simultaneous hiring and separations) into two components using monthly Job Opening and Labor Turnover Survey responses from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. On average, nearly a third of worker churn was "employer-initiated" through layoffs and two thirds was "quit initiated" over the 2001 to 2016 period.
Fixed Income Market Structure: Treasuries vs. Agency MBS
Authors: Harkrader James Collin , Puglia Michael
Published: August 2020

This FEDS Note analyzes the structure of the agency mortgage-backed securities (MBS) market through the lens of the TRACE Treasury data initiative, which is a significant component of a broader inter-agency effort to enhance understanding and transparency of the Treasury securities market. As in several previous FEDS Notes describing the Treasury cash market structure, this note uses transactions reported to the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA)'s Trade Reporting and Compliance Engine (TRACE) to examine aggregate trading volumes in the agency MBS market across venues, security types and participants. We show how agency MBS provide a useful counterfactual to cash Treasuries when analyzing the evolution of Treasury cash market structure and its implications for liquidity. We provide evidence that the participation of Principal Trading Firms (PTFs) in Treasury markets has caused the overall volume of intermediation to rise there, particularly in the interdealer broker (IDB) venue. We also find that, relative to Treasury markets, intermediation in the agency MBS market is concentrated among fewer firms, and in particular the primary dealers, suggesting that PTF participation in Treasury markets has diversified intermediation in the IDB venue across a larger number of firms.
Supply-Side Effects of Pandemic Mortality: Insights from an Overlapping-Generations Model
Authors: Gagnon Etienne , Johannsen Benjamin , López-Salido David
Published: August 2020

We use an overlapping generation model to explore the implications of mortality during pandemics for the economy&#x27;s productive capacity. Under current epidemiological projections for the progression of COVID-19, our model suggests that mortality will have, in itself, at most small effects on output and factor prices. The reason is that projected mortality is small in proportion to the population and skewed toward individuals who are retired from the labor force. That said, we show that if the spread of COVID-19 is not contained, or if the ongoing pandemic were to follow a mortality pattern similar to the 1918-1920 Great Influenza pandemic, then the effects on the productive capacity would be economically significant and persist for decades.
Are Shadow Rate Models of the Treasury Yield Curve Structurally Stable?
Authors: Kim Don H. , Priebsch Marcel A.
Published: August 2020

We examine the structural stability of Gaussian shadow rate term structure models of Treasury yields over a period that includes the time during which the U.S. policy rate was at its effective lower bound. After a conceptual discussion of several potential sources of a structural break in the context of the shadow rate model, we document various pieces of evidence for structural instability based on predictive tests and Lagrange multiplier tests, as well as with separate estimations of the pre-ELB and post-ELB subsamples. In order to overcome the difficulties associated with the latent-factor nature of the model in testing for a structural break, we focus on objects that can be given intuitive interpretation, such as principal components, or that are constructed to be invariant to factor rotations.
Paying Too Much? Price Dispersion in the U.S. Mortgage Market
Authors: Fuster Andreas , Bhutta Neil , Hizmo Aurel
Published: August 2020

We document wide dispersion in the mortgage rates that households pay on identical loans, and show that borrowers' financial sophistication is an important determinant of the rates obtained. We estimate a gap between the 10th and 90th percentile mortgage rate that borrowers with the same characteristics obtain for identical loans, in the same market, on the same day, of 54 basis points|equivalent to about $6,500 in upfront costs (points) for the average loan. Time-invariant lender attributes explain little of this rate dispersion, and considerable dispersion remains even within loan officer. Comparing the rates borrowers obtain to the real-time distribution of rates that lenders could offer for the same loan and borrower type, we find that borrowers who are likely to be the least financially savvy tend to substantially overpay relative to the rates available in the market. In the time series, the average overpayment decreases when overall market interest rates rise, suggesting that a rising level of borrowing costs encourages more search and negotiation. Furthermore, new survey data provide direct evidence that financial knowledge and shopping both affect the mortgage rates borrowers get, and that shopping activity increases with the level of market rates.
When it Rains it Pours: Cascading Uncertainty Shocks
Authors: Diercks Anthony M. , Hsu Alex , Tamoni Andrea
Published: August 2020

We empirically document that serial uncertainty shocks are (1) common in the data and (2) have an increasingly stronger impact on the macroeconomy. In other words, a series of bad (positive) uncertainty shocks exacerbates the economic decline significantly. From a theoretical perspective, these findings are puzzling: existing benchmark models do not deliver the observed amplification. We show analytically that a state dependent precautionary motive with respect to uncertainty shocks is required. Our derivations suggest that the state dependent precautionary motive only shows up at fourth order approximations or higher. Fundamentally, in DSGE models solved with perturbations, agents have always possessed a state dependent precautionary motive but typical solution methods were hiding this fact. Future studies need to consider solving the model via fourth (or higher) order perturbation in order to avoid understating the effect of uncertainty shocks that occur in succession.
Artificial Intelligence Methods for Evaluating Global Trade Flows
Authors: Batarseh Feras A. , Gopinath Munisamy , Monken Anderson
Published: August 2020

International trade policies remain in the spotlight given the recent rethink on the benefits of globalization by major economies. Since trade critically affects employment, production, prices and wages, understanding and predicting future patterns of trade is a high-priority for decision making within and across countries. While traditional economic models aim to be reliable predictors, we consider the possibility that Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques allow for better predictions and associations to inform policy decisions. Moreover, we outline contextual AI methods to decipher trade patterns affected by outlier events such as trade wars and pandemics. Open-government data are essential to providing the fuel to the algorithms that can forecast, recommend, and classify policies. Data collected for this study describe international trade transactions and commonly associated economic factors. Models deployed include Association Rules for grouping commodity pairs; and ARIMA, GBoosting, XGBoosting, and LightGBM for predicting future trade patterns. Models and their results are introduced and evaluated for prediction and association quality with example policy implications.
The Implementation of the Principle of Economy in the Formation of Psychological Terms in English and Russian
Authors: Yarovikova Y.V. , Balygina E.A.
Published: August 2020

The paper addresses the ways of applying economy principle to the sublanguage of psychology. The authors identify the most productive term formation methods, which show the tendency of both languages to compression of nominal words and phrases. In the system of psychological terms of the English language, the most productive ways of linguistic compression are affixation and compounding. The English terminological system is rich, functional and economical because of its unlimited potential for compounding and affixation. The Russian terminological system is more likely to enrich the vocabulary through phonetic borrowings, semantic derivation and calque. It is argued that the borrowings acquired by the Russian terminological system account for the multitude of synonymous terms. On the other hand, phonetic borrowings and semantic calque have enriched the vocabulary without effort and redundancy. It is concluded that economy principle plays a fundamental role in the creation of new words and their adaptation to the English and Russian terminological systems.
Lyubov Dostoevskaya is the Writer's Daughter
Authors: Dostoevsky A.D.
Published: August 2020

Last year, 2019 marked the 150th anniversary of the birth of Fyodor Dostoevsky's eldest daughter, Lyubov, and research about her life, which is very interesting and difficult, can be a modest gift for the anniversary of her birth on the eve of a much more solemn celebration - the 200th anniversary of the writer in 2021. Beloved by Lyubov Fyodorovna and her parents, Italy is becoming a defining not only in the creative work, but also in the life of the writer. Having left in 1913 once again for treatment in Europe, Lyubov Fyodorovna does not assume that she will never return to her homeland and will spend the last two years of her life in the country of the great Dante. In 1920, for the upcoming centenary of her father, she published a book of memoirs about him, which brought her long-awaited fame. The article is a biography of Lyubov Fyodorovna Dostoevsky, daughter of the great Russian writer F. M. Dostoevsky. The article quotes the correspondence of L. F. Dostoevskaya with her family, the memoirs of her contemporaries, and previously unpublished documents about her years of study at the gymnasium.
An Analysis of Manhan huangyu shanhe diming kao 滿漢皇輿山河地名考 — A Bilingual Manchu and Chinese Study of Mountain and River Toponyms of the Imperial Territories
Authors: Songjie Gu
Published: August 2020

Manhan huangyu shanhe diming kao 滿漢皇輿⼭山河地名考 A Study of Mountain and River Toponyms of the Imperial Territories is a Manchu and Chinese bilingual manuscript on geography in the collection of the National Library of China. It is a collection of toponyms covering the northeastern territory of the Qing and includes a brief description of the military achievements before the Manchu conquest of the central plains. In this paper I argue that this text is closely related to the Shengjing Jilin Heilongjiang deng chu biaozhu zhanji yutu 盛京吉林黑龍江等處標注戰跡輿圖 Map of Military Deeds in Shengjing, Jilin, Heilongjiang, and that its dating on the title page to the Qianlong gengchen nian 乾隆庚辰年 white dragon year of Qianlong (1760) is not actually the date of this manuscripts composition. The phrase of huangyu (the imperial territories) refers in the context of this work to the territory of the Qing before 1644.
The “TRUAA” Seismic Network: Upgrading the Israel Seismic Network—Toward National Earthquake Early Warning System
Authors: Kurzon Ittai , Nof Ran N. , Laporte Michael , Lutzky Hallel , Polozov Andrey , Zakosky Dov , Shulman Haim , Goldenberg Ariel , Tatham Ben , Hamiel Yariv
Published: August 2020

Following the recommendations of an international committee (Allen et al., 2012), since October 2017, the Israeli Seismic Network has been undergoing significant upgrades, with 120 stations being added or upgraded throughout the country and the addition of two new datacenters. These enhancements are the backbone of the TRUAA project, assigned to the Geological Survey of Israel (GSI) by the Israeli Government, to provide earthquake early warning (EEW) capabilities for the state of Israel. The GSI contracted Nanometrics (NMX), supported by Motorola Solutions Israel, to deliver these upgrades through a turnkey project, including detailed design, equipment supply, and deployment of the network and two datacenters.

The TRUAA network was designed and tailored by the GSI, in collaboration with the NMX project team, specifically to achieve efficient and robust EEW. Several significant features comprise the pillars of this network:Coverage: Station distribution has high density (5–10 km spacing) along the two main fault systems—the Dead Sea Fault and the Carmel Fault System;Instrumentation: High-quality strong-motion accelerometers and broadband seismometers with modern three-channel and six-channel dataloggers sampling at 200 samples per second;Low latency acquisition: Data are encapsulated in small packets (<1  s), with primary routing via high-speed, high-capacity telemetry links (<1  s latency);Robustness: High level of redundancy throughout the system design:Dual active-active redundant acquisition routes from each station, each utilizing multicast streaming over an IP security Virtual Private Network tunnel, via independent high-bandwidth telemetry systemsTwo active-active independent geographically separate datacentersDual active-active redundant independent automatic seismic processing tool chains within each datacenter, implemented in a high availability protected virtual environment.

At this time, both datacenters and over 100 stations are operational. The system is currently being commissioned, with initial early warning operation targeted for early 2021.
Effects of Shallow-Velocity Reductions on 3D Propagation of Seismic Waves
Authors: Juarez Alan , Ben-Zion Yehuda
Published: August 2020

We perform 3D simulations of seismic wavefields to clarify effects of strong reductions of shallow velocities on long-period seismic waves. The simulations use a reference Community Velocity Model of southern California and a modified version with strong velocity reductions in the top 500 m of the Los Angeles basin. Differences between wavefields generated by 10 earthquakes in the reference and perturbed models are analyzed. Velocity changes are estimated by measuring relative time shifts between reference and perturbed seismograms using wavelet cross-correlation spectra. The results indicate that strong localized temporal velocity drops near the surface, such as those observed during strong ground motions, may generate regional perturbations of wavefields at periods up to 20 s. These perturbations may be misinterpreted as generated by temporal changes at seismogenic depths. The results also have important implications for waveform tomography studies.
Safety Risk Assessment in Educational Environments: A Case Study in Qom University of Medical Sciences
Authors: Soltanzadeh Ahmad , Mohammadbeigi Abolfazl , Fahiminia Mohammad , Omidi Oskouie Alireza
Published: August 2020

Background: Consideration of safety principles can decrease the risk of incidents, damage, human and financial impacts, and guarantee a high effectiveness and efficiency and consequently, continuous productivity in an organization. The most important step in providing an optimal safety condition is analysis of the present safety conditions in an organization. In this regard, the present study aims to evaluate the safety risk in the faculties of Qom University of Medical Sciences.
Methods: The population of this HSR research includes the Faculties of Health, Medicine and Paramedicine, Dentistry, Nursing and Midwifery, the Iranian Traditional Medicine, and Health and Religion of Qom University of Medical Sciences. This research was performed in 2019, and it has investigated the safety risk resources (fire and explosion, the objects and individuals’ falling, electricity incidents, and secondary risks). The research was performed in three phases including: 1) system analysis, 2) recognition of the safety risks, and 3) evaluation of the safety risk in accordance with the US Military Standard (MIL-STD-882).
Results: Based on the results of system analysis, 228 risk resources were identified in the studied faculties. The results of evaluating the safety risk based on a two dimensional risk matrix (probability- severity) showed that 39 resources have a low and acceptable risk, 71 resources have a high and unacceptable risk, and 118 resources have a medium-level risk.
Conclusion: According to the findings, in spite of the widely accepted assumption of safety of the educational environments, there should be more attention to safety issues in these environments. It is suggested to design a risk management model for identifying and evaluating the risks in these environments and proposing practical solutions for decreasing the safety risks and providing a safe environment.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF CARBOXYMETHYL CELLULOSE AND PARTIALLY HYDROLYZED POLYACRYLAMIDE – LOW-SOLID NONDISPERSED DRILLING MUD WITH RESPECT TO PROPER-TY ENHANCEMENT AND SHALE INHIBITION
Authors: Das B. , Borah B. , Bhattacharyya S.
Published: August 2020

During drilling, different problems are encountered that can interfere with smooth drilling processes, including the accumulation of cuttings, reduced penetration rates, pipe sticking, loss of wellbore stability, and loss of circulation. These problems are generally encountered with conventional drilling mud, such as the bentonite–barite mud system. Formation damage is the most common problem encountered in bentonite mud systems with high solid content. In this work, we aimed to formulate two low-solid nondispersed (LSND) muds: carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)–LSND mud and partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (PHPA)–LSND mud. A comparative analysis was performed to evaluate their property enhancements. LSND muds aid in maintaining hole stability and proper cutting removal. The results of this work show that the addition of both CMC and PHPA helps to improve drilling fluid properties; however, the PHPA–LSND mud was found to be superior. Shale swelling is a major concern in the petroleum industry, as it causes various other problems, such as pipe sticking, low penetration rates, and bit wear. The effect of these two LSND polymer muds in inhibiting shale swelling was analyzed using shale collected from the Champhai district of Mizoram, India.
Catalytic Synthesis of Diethanolamide Surfactant from Used Cooking Oil
Authors: Utami Maisari , Wijaya Karna , Syoufian Akhmad , Wicaksono Satyagraha Hakim
Published: August 2020

The synthesis of diethanolamide surfactant from used cooking oil was systematically studied using modified zeolite as catalyst. The activated zeolite was obtained by dispersing natural zeolite in sulfuric acid (H2SO4) solution.  Potassium carbonate (K2CO3) was loaded into activated zeolite by wet impregnation method. The methyl ester obtained from transesterification reaction of used cooking oil was refluxed with diethanolamine (C4H11NO) solution over K2CO3/zeolite catalyst in the production of diethanolamide surfactant. The amidiation reaction over K2CO3/zeolite effectively produced 92% of diethanolamide surfactant with the highest selectivity of methyl oleate. Diethanolamide surfactant showed stable foam and emulsion with the reduction of surface tension as much as 3.3 dyne/cm.