bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Heel pressure ulceration: the perennial clinical and financial problem?
Authors: Glover Deborah , Jones Trevor , Spreckelsen Henning von
Published: April 2021

The heel of the foot is particularly susceptible to pressure, friction and shear forces. In consequence, heel pressure ulcers account for approximately 18% of all hospital-acquired pressure ulcers in England. To ameliorate the effects of friction and shear forces, the use of heel protectors made from silk-like fabric is recommended. This article outlines how one such product, the Parafricta bootee (APA Parafricta), has facilitated a reduction in heel pressure ulcer development, resulting in both time and cost savings in an acute NHS trust over the course of 8 years and thousands of patients. A cost-analysis will also be detailed to show that if the products and processes pioneered by this trust were used throughout NHS England, over £300 million in resource savings could be achieved each year.
Supplemental information for "High-resolution Pore-scale Water Content Measurement in a Translucent Soil Profile from Light Transmission"
Authors: Orozco López Enrique , Muñoz-Carpena Rafael , Gao Bin , Fox Garey A.
Published: April 2021

Three MATLAB code files used in the development of the article "High-Resolution Pore-Scale Water Content Measurement in a Translucent Soil Profile from Light Transmission." In addition, examples of the datasets required to compute the above mentioned code are provided, including images and spreadsheets.
Compras Públicas sob a Perspectiva da Avaliação de Desempenho: uma Revisão de Literatura e Agenda de Pesquisa
Authors: De Araújo Samuel Souza , Matos Lucas dos Santos , Ensslin Sandra Rolim
Published: April 2021

Esta pesquisa analisou a literatura referente compras públicas, sob a perspectiva da avaliação de desempenho, visando gerar conhecimento acerca do que tem sido realizado e lacunas que demandam investigação para propor uma agenda para avanços nessa área. Utilizou-se o instrumento Knowledge Development Process-Constructivist para conduzir o processo de seleção, reflexão e análise dos artigos que compõem o portfólio bibliográfico representativo do tema, por abordarem o fragmento da literatura delimitado. Com base na análise bibliométrica da avaliação de desempenho das compras públicas evidenciou-se: inexistência de autores prolíficos e de rede de colaboração; stakeholders como foco de atenção dos pesquisadores; modelos incapazes de oferecer subsídios à gestão das compras públicas; avaliação de desempenho visando avaliar, controlar e motivar compras públicas; inexistência de falhas métricas de replicação de uma instituição para outra e foco excessivo em medidas financeiras. Com base nos achados, propõem-se uma agenda de pesquisa no âmbito acadêmico e gerencial.
Mulheres no Comando: Características e Singularidades da Gestão Executiva Feminina
Authors: Araújo Ione Maria Santos , Heber Florence , Batista Karen
Published: April 2021

Nesta pesquisa buscou-se analisar as características e singularidades existentes na gestão executiva feminina em relação às categorias do processo decisório, estilo de liderança, comunicação pessoal e relacionamento interpessoal. A pesquisa é de natureza qualitativa e utilizou-se como método o estudo de caso, baseado em entrevistas junto a mulheres que ocupam cargos de alta gestão em empresas sergipanas. As informações coletadas foram analisadas por meio da técnica da análise de discurso. Os resultados demonstraram que as executivas percebem, claramente, diferenças entre o modo de gestão masculina e feminina no que diz respeito às categorias analisadas. Identificou-se a percepção de que as mulheres gestoras possuem características mais flexíveis e humanitárias, enquanto os homens gestores são considerados mais inflexíveis, objetivos e, em alguns casos, mais severos. Portanto, as mulheres executivas entrevistadas consideram que a sua gestão utiliza características inovadoras no que diz respeito às categorias analisadas.
Profissionalização da Liderança Pública: uma Revisão da Literatura sobre Valores, Competências e Seleção de Dirigentes Públicos
Authors: Lopes André Vaz , Pantoja Maria Júlia , Gonçalves Andrea de Oliveira , Bilhim João Abreu de Faria
Published: April 2021

Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar a produção científica sobre as capacidades, valores e papéis esperados dos gestores públicos para o efetivo cumprimento de suas atribuições, analisando em que medida tais atributos têm sido utilizados na seleção de candidatos para ocupação de cargos gerenciais na administração pública. Por meio de uma revisão sistemática da literatura publicada no período de 2010 a 2018, foi possível constatar que as capacidades de comunicação, colaboração e construção de parcerias, aliadas aos valores de integridade, honestidade, eficiência e eficácia, são os atributos mais frequentemente apontados. Em parte, esses atributos são observados no recrutamento gerencial, entretanto, parecem não atender, por completo, os requisitos necessários à resolução de problemas em contextos de maior volatilidade, complexidade e inovação, reforçando a importância da profissionalização e meritocracia na ocupação dos cargos públicos, além da necessidade de estudos futuros para identificação de competências gerenciais relevantes, sob a ótica dos cidadãos.
Business-to-Business: estudo sobre os negócios da construção civil de pequeno porte
Authors: Lara José Edson , Jeckel Luis Fernando , Silva Wendel Alex Castro , Bahia Eduardo Trindade
Published: April 2021

A contribuição das Engenharias para o desenvolvimento da sociedade vem sendo destacada na literatura há muito tempo. Entretanto, estudos sobre o escopo e as estratégias de negócios business-to-business ainda são escassos. Esta pesquisa objetiva analisar como pequenas empresas da construção civil atuam nos negócios business-to-business. Utilizou-se um modelo analítico com quatro dimensões: busca e relacionamento, gerenciamento, aprendizagem e inovações com parcerias. Trata-se de um um estudo qualitativo cujos dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas e analisados com apoio do software Vosviewer. Os resultados permitiram constatar que o sucesso alcançado e os impactos relativos aos resultados de mercado estão positivamente relacionados com os elementos do modelo adotado. A originalidade do estudo consiste na proposição de um modelo de construtos e variáveis para estudos futuros, associando o modelo do business-to-business ao modelo da hélice quíntupla, direcionando tal negócio para a Quarta Revolução Industrial.
Estimation of behavior of optical turbulence during summer in the surface layer above the Antarctic Plateau using the Polar WRF model
Authors: Yang Qike , Wu Xiaoqing , Han Yajuan , Qing Chun
Published: April 2021

An optical turbulence (

C
n
2

) was found to be concentrated predominantly in the thin surface layer (SL) above the Antarctic Plateau. We present an estimation of the behavior of the SL

C
n
2

during the summer time over the entire Antarctic Plateau, using the polar-optimized version of the Weather Research and Forecast model (Polar WRF) coupled with the Monin–Obukhov similarity theory. The results show that the

C
n
2

is affected by the sunlight direction and terrain height. The

C
n
2

minimum occurs sometime around the morning and evening transitions, when the condition of neutral stability is achieved inside the SL. These

C
n
2

minima may be attributed to the relatively weaker thermal convection resulting from a small temperature difference. The simulated

C
n
2

data coincide well with the measurements taken at the Antarctic Taishan Station using a micro-thermometer and sonic anemometer; the data are also in agreement with the seeing values obtained from a differential image motion monitor. In addition, the Polar WRF captured the

C
n
2

minimum more precisely compared to the standard WRF.
Compressive spectral image reconstruction using deep prior and low-rank tensor representation
Authors: Bacca Jorge , Fonseca Yesid , Arguello Henry
Published: April 2021

Compressive spectral imaging (CSI) has emerged as an alternative spectral image acquisition technology, which reduces the number of measurements at the cost of requiring a recovery process. In general, the reconstruction methods are based on handcrafted priors used as regularizers in optimization algorithms or recent deep neural networks employed as an image generator to learn a non-linear mapping from the low-dimensional compressed measurements to the image space. However, these deep learning methods need many spectral images to obtain good performance. In this work, a deep recovery framework for CSI without training data is presented. The proposed method is based on the fact that the structure of some deep neural networks and an appropriated low-dimensional structure are sufficient to impose a structure of the underlying spectral image from CSI. We analyzed the low-dimensional structure via the Tucker representation, modeled in the first net layer. The proposed scheme is obtained by minimizing theℓ2-norm distance between the compressive measurements and the predicted measurements, and the desired recovered spectral image is formed just before the forward operator. Simulated and experimental results verify the effectiveness of the proposed method for the coded aperture snapshot spectral imaging.
Building hybridized 28-baseline pupil-remapping photonic interferometers for future high-resolution imaging
Authors: Cvetojevic Nick , Norris Barnaby R. M. , Gross Simon , Jovanovic Nemanja , Arriola Alexander , Lacour Sylvestre , Kotani Takayuki , Lawrence Jon S. , Withford Michael J. , Tuthill Peter
Published: April 2021

One key advantage of single-mode photonic technologies for interferometric use is their ability to easily scale to an ever-increasing number of inputs without a major increase in the overall device size, compared to traditional bulk optics. This is particularly important for the upcoming extremely large telescope (ELT) generation of telescopes currently under construction. We demonstrate the fabrication and characterization of a hybridized photonic interferometer, with eight simultaneous inputs, forming 28 baselines, which is the largest amount to date, to the best of our knowledge. Using different photonic fabrication technologies, we combine a 3D pupil remapper with a planar eight-port ABCD pairwise beam combiner, along with the injection optics necessary for telescope use, into a single integrated monolithic device. We successfully realized a combined device called Dragonfly, which demonstrates a raw instrumental closure-phase stability down to 0.9° over

8
π

phase piston error, relating to a detection contrast of

∼

6.5
×

10

−
4

on an adaptive-optics-corrected 8 m telescope. This prototype successfully demonstrates advanced hybridization and packaging techniques necessary for on-sky use for high-contrast detection at small inner working angles, ideally complementing what can currently be achieved using coronagraphs.
Graphene plasmonic coupling with intersubband radiation of truncated pyramidal-shaped InAs/GaAs quantum dots
Authors: Zekavat Mohammad Amin , Sabaeian Mohammad , Solookinejad Ghahraman
Published: April 2021

It is well known that the intersubband radiation of InAs/GaAs quantum dots (QDs) falls in the terahertz/far-infrared spectral region. If these so-called atom-like systems are placed in the vicinity of graphene, their radiation can be coupled with plasmonic modes of graphene. As the graphene plasmons tightly concentrate the electromagnetic waves in the small zones, beyond the diffraction limit, the optical properties of QDs can then be enhanced by the so-called Purcell effect if frequency tuning and mode overlapping are well performed. Owing to this idea, in this work, we report on the enhancement of linear and third-order optical susceptibilities of truncated pyramidal-shaped InAs/GaAs QDs with use of graphene plasmonics. Graphene flakes in various configurations were located inside the QDs, and their transition dipole moments (TDMs) were calculated. Our results show 120-fold enhancement in TDM with optimization on the flakes’ and QDs’ geometries. Consequently, the linear and nonlinear optical susceptibilities of QDs are enhanced noticeably. Precisely, the linear and third-order susceptibilities of QDs with base length of 25 nm and height of 3 nm were enhanced enormously up to

1.18

×

10

5

and

1.4

×

10

10

times, respectively. This passive method is promising for enhancing the performance of QD-based optoelectronic devices such as lasers, LEDs, sensors, and so on.
Inverse design of an optical film filter by a recurrent neural adjoint method: an example for a solar simulator
Authors: Zhang Dasen , Bao Qiwen , Chen Wenqing , Liu Zhenzhen , Wei Guochao , Xiao Jun Jun
Published: April 2021

Inverse design of photonic nanostructures based on machine learning (ML) methods has recently attracted much attention. An artificial neural network (ANN) showcases good performance on the photonic inverse design problem. However, there are still many unsolved issues regarding an efficient way to find a geometry that yields the target response by data-driven ML approaches. The design of air mass (AM) 1.5G filters for solar simulators represents such a challenging case. Here, we propose and show that a recurrent neural adjoint method is efficient in optimizing a multilayer optical filter for that purpose. Two examples of inverse design and optimization for an AM 1.5G filter with

S
i

3

N

4

/

S
i
O

2

and (

S
i

3

N

4

/

S
i
O

2

)/(

T
a

2

O

5

/

S
i
O

2

) films at a different spectrum band (e.g.,  

λ
=
280

n
m

−
800

n
m

and

λ
=
280

n
m

−
1350

n
m

) have been demonstrated. By comparing several strategies based on ANN approaches, a generic and efficient scheme is presented for photonic multilayer film structure engineering, which we believe could be applied to various photonic device designs.
Generating a new type of polygonal perfect optical vortex
Authors: Wang Chen , Ren Yuan , Liu Tong , Liu Zhengliang , Qiu Song , Li Zhimeng , Ding You , Wu Hao
Published: April 2021

We generate a new type of perfect optical vortex called the polygonal perfect optical vortex (PPOV) by combining the Bessel-Gauss beam with the high-order cross-phase (HOCP) at the plane of a spatial light modulator (SLM). This is the first time that the HOCP is applied to the Fourier plane of an optical field (POV) instead of directly acting on an optical field itself. Experimentally, the symmetrical PPOV is generated, and the capability of asymmetric distribution is demonstrated. Furthermore, we discuss the influence of parameters on a PPOV. On this basis, we show a novel function of the PPOV that can adjust the energy distribution at the vertices while maintaining the orbital angular momentum as much as possible, which facilitates applications in optical micro-manipulation. © 2020 Optical Society of America
Widely tunable single-/dual-wavelength fiber lasers with ultra-narrow linewidth and high OSNR using high quality passive subring cavity and novel tuning method: erratum
Authors: Feng Ting , Ding Dongliang , Yan Fengping , Zhao Ziwei , Su Hongxin , Yao X. Steve
Published: April 2021

We provide a corrected equation of our previous publication [Opt. Express 24, 19760 (2016)10.1364/OE.24.019760].
Self-focusing vortex beams
Authors: Mei Zhangrong , Korotkova Olga , Zhao Daomu , Mao Yonghua
Published: April 2021

A class of wide-stationary optical sources with a specially designed degree of coherence profile is introduced for radiating spectral densities with a vortex whose core’s location and size can be controlled at a specified range. This is achieved by modeling of the source coherence state as a combination of a helicoidal separable phase and a Cartesian phase factor, depending on the separation between the

n

th power of the radius–vectors of two points.
Broad-intensity-range optical nonreciprocity based on feedback-induced Kerr nonlinearity
Authors: Tang Lei , Tang Jiangshan , Wu Haodong , Zhang Jing , Xiao Min , Xia Keyu
Published: April 2021

Nonreciprocal light propagation plays an important role in modern optical systems, from photonic networks to integrated photonics. We propose a nonreciprocal system based on a resonance-frequency-tunable cavity and intensity-adaptive feedback control. Because the feedback-induced Kerr nonlinearity in the cavity is dependent on the incident direction of light, the system exhibits nonreciprocal transmission with a transmission contrast of 0.99 and an insertion loss of 1.5 dB. By utilizing intensity-adaptive feedback control, the operating intensity range of the nonreciprocal system is broadened to 20 dB, which relaxes the limitation of the operating intensity range for nonlinear nonreciprocal systems. Our protocol paves the way to realize high-performance nonreciprocal propagation in optical systems and can also be extended to microwave systems.
Nanohole array structured GaN-based white LEDs with improved modulation bandwidth via plasmon resonance and non-radiative energy transfer
Authors: Wan Rongqiao , Li Guoqiang , Gao Xiang , Liu Zhiqiang , Li Junhui , Yi Xiaoyan , Chi Nan , Wang Liancheng
Published: April 2021

Commercial white LEDs (WLEDs) are generally limited in modulation bandwidth due to a slow Stokes process, long lifetime of phosphors, and the quantum-confined Stark effect. Here we report what we believe is a novel plasmonic WLED by infiltrating a nanohole LED (H-LED) with quantum dots (QDs) and Ag nanoparticles (NPs) together (M-LED). This decreased distance between quantum wells and QDs would open an extra non-radiative energy transfer channel and thus enhance Stokes transfer efficiency. The presence of Ag NPs enhances the spontaneous emission rate significantly. Compared to an H-LED filled with QDs (QD-LED), the optimized M-LED demonstrates a maximum color rendering index of 91.2, a 43% increase in optical power at 60 mA, and a lowered correlated color temperature. Simultaneously, the M-LED exhibits a data rate of 2.21 Gb/s at low current density of

96
  
A
/

cm

2

(60 mA), which is 77% higher than that of a QD-LED. This is mainly due to the higher optical power and modulation bandwidth of the M-LED under the influence of plasmon, resulting in a higher data rate and higher signal-to-noise ratio under the forward error correction. We believe the approach reported in this work should contribute to a WLED light source with increased modulation bandwidth for a higher speed visible light communication application.
Signatures of optimal codon usage in metabolic genes inform budding yeast ecology
Authors: LaBella Abigail Leavitt , Opulente Dana A. , Steenwyk Jacob L. , Hittinger Chris Todd , Rokas Antonis
Published: April 2021

Reverse ecology is the inference of ecological information from patterns of genomic variation. One rich, heretofore underutilized, source of ecologically relevant genomic information is codon optimality or adaptation. Bias toward codons that match the tRNA pool is robustly associated with high gene expression in diverse organisms, suggesting that codon optimization could be used in a reverse ecology framework to identify highly expressed, ecologically relevant genes. To test this hypothesis, we examined the relationship between optimal codon usage in the classic galactose metabolism (GAL) pathway and known ecological niches for 329 species of budding yeasts, a diverse subphylum of fungi. We find that optimal codon usage in the GAL pathway is positively correlated with quantitative growth on galactose, suggesting that GAL codon optimization reflects increased capacity to grow on galactose. Optimal codon usage in the GAL pathway is also positively correlated with human-associated ecological niches in yeasts of the CUG-Ser1 clade and with dairy-associated ecological niches in the family Saccharomycetaceae. For example, optimal codon usage of GAL genes is greater than 85% of all genes in the genome of the major human pathogen Candida albicans (CUG-Ser1 clade) and greater than 75% of genes in the genome of the dairy yeast Kluyveromyces lactis (family Saccharomycetaceae). We further find a correlation between optimization in the GALactose pathway genes and several genes associated with nutrient sensing and metabolism. This work suggests that codon optimization harbors information about the metabolic ecology of microbial eukaryotes. This information may be particularly useful for studying fungal dark matter—species that have yet to be cultured in the lab or have only been identified by genomic material.
Estimating Transfer Entropy in Continuous Time Between Neural Spike Trains or Other Event-Based Data
Authors: Shorten David P. , Spinney Richard E. , Lizier Joseph T.
Published: April 2021

Transfer entropy (TE) is a widely used measure of directed information flows in a number of domains including neuroscience. Many real-world time series for which we are interested in information flows come in the form of (near) instantaneous events occurring over time. Examples include the spiking of biological neurons, trades on stock markets and posts to social media, amongst myriad other systems involving events in continuous time throughout the natural and social sciences. However, there exist severe limitations to the current approach to TE estimation on such event-based data via discretising the time series into time bins: it is not consistent, has high bias, converges slowly and cannot simultaneously capture relationships that occur with very fine time precision as well as those that occur over long time intervals. Building on recent work which derived a theoretical framework for TE in continuous time, we present an estimation framework for TE on event-based data and develop a k-nearest-neighbours estimator within this framework. This estimator is provably consistent, has favourable bias properties and converges orders of magnitude more quickly than the current state-of-the-art in discrete-time estimation on synthetic examples. We demonstrate failures of the traditionally-used source-time-shift method for null surrogate generation. In order to overcome these failures, we develop a local permutation scheme for generating surrogate time series conforming to the appropriate null hypothesis in order to test for the statistical significance of the TE and, as such, test for the conditional independence between the history of one point process and the updates of another. Our approach is shown to be capable of correctly rejecting or accepting the null hypothesis of conditional independence even in the presence of strong pairwise time-directed correlations. This capacity to accurately test for conditional independence is further demonstrated on models of a spiking neural circuit inspired by the pyloric circuit of the crustacean stomatogastric ganglion, succeeding where previous related estimators have failed.
MAUI (MBI Analysis User Interface)—An image processing pipeline for Multiplexed Mass Based Imaging
Authors: Baranski Alex , Milo Idan , Greenbaum Shirley , Oliveria John-Paul , Mrdjen Dunja , Angelo Michael , Keren Leeat
Published: April 2021

Mass Based Imaging (MBI) technologies such as Multiplexed Ion Beam Imaging by time of flight (MIBI-TOF) and Imaging Mass Cytometry (IMC) allow for the simultaneous measurement of the expression levels of 40 or more proteins in biological tissue, providing insight into cellular phenotypes and organization in situ. Imaging artifacts, resulting from the sample, assay or instrumentation complicate downstream analyses and require correction by domain experts. Here, we present MBI Analysis User Interface (MAUI), a series of graphical user interfaces that facilitate this data pre-processing, including the removal of channel crosstalk, noise and antibody aggregates. Our software streamlines these steps and accelerates processing by enabling real-time and interactive parameter tuning across multiple images.
Trends and spatial distribution of animal bites and vaccination status among victims and the animal population, Uganda: A veterinary surveillance system analysis, 2013–2017
Authors: Monje Fred , Kadobera Daniel , Ndumu Deo Birungi , Bulage Lilian , Ario Alex Riolexus
Published: April 2021

Rabies is a vaccine-preventable fatal zoonotic disease. Uganda, through the veterinary surveillance system at National Animal Disease Diagnostics and Epidemiology Centre (NADDEC), captures animal bites (a proxy for rabies) on a monthly basis from districts. We established trends of incidence of animal bites and corresponding post-exposure prophylactic anti-rabies vaccination in humans (PEP), associated mortality rates in humans, spatial distribution of animal bites, and pets vaccinated during 2013–2017. We reviewed rabies surveillance data at NADDEC from 2013–2017. The surveillance system captures persons reporting bites by a suspected rabid dog/cat/wild animal, human deaths due to suspected rabies, humans vaccinated against rabies, and pets vaccinated. Number of total pets was obtained from the Uganda Bureau of Statistics. We computed incidence of animal bites and corresponding PEP in humans, and analyzed overall trends, 2013–2017. We also examined human mortality rates and spatial distribution of animal bites/rabies and pets vaccinated against rabies. We identified 8,240 persons reporting animal bites in Uganda during 2013–2017; overall incidence of 25 bites/ 100,000population. The incidence significantly decreased from 9.2/100,000 in 2013 to 1.3/100,000 in 2017 (OR = 0.62, p = 0.0046). Of the 8,240 persons with animal bites, 6,799 (82.5%) received PEP, decreasing from 94% in 2013 to 71% in 2017 (OR = 0.65, p<0.001). Among 1441 victims, who reportedly never received PEP, 156 (11%) died. Western region had a higher incidence of animal bites (37/100,000) compared to other regions. Only 5.6% (124,555/2,240,000) of all pets in Uganda were vaccinated. There was a decline in the reporting rate (percentage of annual district veterinary surveillance reports submitted monthly to Commissioner Animal Health by districts) of animal bites. While reported animal bites by districts decreased in Uganda, so did PEP among humans. Very few pets received anti-rabies vaccine. Evaluation of barriers to complete reporting may facilitate interventions to enhance surveillance quality. We recommended improved vaccination of pets against rabies, and immediate administration of exposed humans with PEP.
Las personas con discapacidad intelectual como víctimas de delitos contra la libertad sexual: una realidad invisible
Authors: Vellaz Zamorano Aránzazu , Navas Macho Patricia , De Araoz Sánchez-Dopico Inés
Published: April 2021

El presente trabajo tiene por objeto conocer los ajustes de procedimiento que se desarrollan durante los procesos judiciales ante hechos constitutivos de abuso o agresión sexual cuando la víctima presenta una discapacidad intelectual o del desarrollo (DID). Además, analiza las características de víctimas con DID y agresores, aportando información adicional sobre el proceso de denuncia. Para ello, se analizaron un total de 56 sentencias resueltas en un periodo de cuatro años (2014-2018), extrayendo información objetiva de las mismas con respecto a los aspectos más relevantes referidos a la víctima, el delito, el agresor y al proceso judicial. Del análisis realizado podemos concluir la existencia de multitud de obstáculos que aún siguen presentes en la práctica judicial española, siendo necesaria una formación exhaustiva de las personas vinculadas a los sistemas procesales en aspectos referidos a esta discapacidad: la víctima declara en reiteradas ocasiones, especialmente cuando se juzga un delito de agresión sexual, sin ningún tipo de adaptación o apoyo profesional. Señalamos asimismo la necesidad de evaluar la huella psicológica que pudiera presentar la víctima, así como desterrar mitos con respecto a las discapacidades del desarrollo que dificultan el derecho a acceder y participar en los procedimientos judiciales en condiciones de igualdad.
Revisión de guías para avanzar hacia una educación más inclusiva en los centros escolares
Authors: Azorín Abellán Cecilia , González Botía Mónica del Mar
Published: April 2021

En los últimos años, ha habido un incremento exponencial en el número de guías, materiales e informes que se encuentran a disposición de los centros escolares para orientar su camino hacia la inclusión. Partiendo de esta realidad, se ha llevado a cabo un estudio de naturaleza cualitativa cuyo objetivo principal ha consistido en una selección de guías sobre inclusión que resultan de utilidad para iniciar procesos de reflexión-acción en la comunidad educativa. El análisis documental de contenido (de un total de 13 guías) ha permitido identificar los facilitadores/limitadores que posibilitan/dificultan el avance de la inclusión. Asimismo, se han especificado los recursos/instrumentos que ofrecen las guías para acompañar a los centros en el camino hacia una educación más inclusiva. Los resultados recogen la importancia que tiene la formación del profesorado en la atención a la diversidad, la puesta en marcha de redes de colaboración y la reformulación de barreras en facilitadores. Las conclusiones apuntan a la necesidad de iniciar/sostener procesos de mejora para una mayor inclusión dentro y fuera de las aulas y de dar a conocer este corpus de guías a los profesionales que están en la práctica.
Étikus és émikus kultúrakutatások
Authors: Primecz Henriett
Published: April 2021

Jelen cikk az összehasonlító kultúrakutatásokat mutatja be és csoportosítja aszerint, hogy étikus vagy émikus kutatásokról van-e szó. A szélesebb körben ismert dimenzionális modelleken túl (Kluckhohn és Strodtbeck, Edward T. Hall, Geert Hofstede, Fons Trompenaars és Charles Hampden-Turner, Salom H. Schwartz, GLOBE-kutatás) a szerző röviden ismerteti a kulturális metafora (Gannon) elméletét, és három példával (portugál bikaviadal, izraeli kibuc és mosav, thai királyság) meg is világítja, miben nyújt több ismeretet (megértést) ez a kultúrafeltárási módszer a korábban bemutatottaknál és ugyanakkor mire nem alkalmas a módszer. Végül a kulturstandard módszer ismertetésére kerül sor, amely sajátos ötvözete az émikus és étikus kutatásoknak.
A paradoxonelmélet, avagy gondolkodásmódunk paradoxonja
Authors: Váradi Szabó Zsuzsa
Published: April 2021

A paradoxon fogalmát sokan és sokféleképpen értelmezik, legtöbbször valamilyen ellentmondással azonosítva. Azonban a szó valódi jelentése a paradoxonelmélet tükrében érthető meg igazán, amely egy szemléletváltási kísérlet, az ellentmondásosnak tűnő jelenségek újfajta megközelítési lehetősége. A cikk első részével a szerző célja, hogy a paradoxonok fogalmának minél tágabb értelmezését tegye lehetővé, hogy maga az elmélet, mint egyfajta "metakeret" nyerhessen értelmet. (A második részben a gyakorlati alkalmazási lehetőségekről ír.) Ebben a felfogásban a paradoxonelmélet nem került még széles körben bevezetésre a magatartástudomány területén, így a szerző szeretne elméleti alapot nyújtani mind a továbbgondoláshoz, mind a gyakorlatban történő alkalmazáshoz. Először felvázolja a paradoxonelmélet filozófiai, valamint matematikai-logikai alapjait, majd megvilágítja lényegét gondolkodásmódunk paradoxonján keresztül. Végül röviden bemutat egy csoportdinamikai tanulmányt (Smith – Berg, 1987), amely kitűnően illusztrálja, hogyan érvényesülhet a paradoxonelmélet egy adott jelenség újraértelmezésében.
Metafórák a stratégiaalkotásban
Authors: Barakonyi Károly
Published: April 2021

Az utóbbi évek stratégiai menedzsment szakirodalmát tanulmányozva azt tapasztaljuk, hogy a generikus, a tankönyvekben is rendre felbukkanó stratégiák mellett újszerű, a versenytársat meglepni szándékozó koncepciók jelennek meg, amelyek mögött gyakran meghökkentő metaforák húzódnak meg. A szerző cikkében részletesebben áttekinti a metafora fogalmát, majd annak megvilágítása után néhány, már ismert vagy újabban felbukkant metaforát mutat be, amelyek segítségünkre lehetnek a nyerő stratégia megtalálásában.
Termelés Magyarországon európai összehasonlításban
Authors: Demeter Krisztina
Published: April 2021

A magyar gazdaság nyitott gazdaság. Ezért a magyarországi vállalatok teljesítményének, versenyképességének elemzése nem nélkülözhet némi nemzetközi kitekintést. Ez a tanulmány azzal a céllal született, hogy nemzetközi mércével mérve lássuk, hol tartanak ma a magyar feldolgozóipari vállalatok a termelés területén. E cél érdekében a szerző két szálon indult el. Elemzése első felében a világszínvonalú termelés kérdésköréhez köti a versenyképesség-kutatás termelési részét, azt vizsgálva, hogy a versenyképesség-kutatásba bevont vállalati körnek az összetétele a termelés terén alkalmazott gyakorlatok és elért teljesítmények alapján mennyire felel meg egy tíz évvel ezelőtt európai szinten végzett vállalati szintű kutatás eredményeinek. Az elemzés második felében egy 2000–2001-ben lezajlott nemzetközi felmérés európai adataival veti össze a versenyképesség-kutatás adatait. Az eredmények alapján ma még sok hazánkban az olyan vállalat, amelynek pénzügyi teljesítménye nem áll szilárd termelési alapokon. A veszélyeztetett vállalati körbe elsősorban a kis- és közepes méretű, magyar tulajdonban lévő vállalatok tartoznak.
A projektek teljesítési folyamatának pénzáramlási modellje
Authors: Görög Mihály
Published: April 2021

Közelmúltban a tanulmány szerzője egy olyan átfogó modellt alkotott, amelynek segítségével a projektfeladat teljesítését végző vállalkozók megalapozottan tudják tervezni és kontrollálni a projektteljesítés pénzáramlását és a várható fedezeti összeget. Ez a modell felhasználja az EVA néhány mérőszámát és mutatószámát, így a szerző elsőként röviden ez utóbbi kontrollmodellt tekinti át. Ezt követően bemutatja az átfogó pénzáramlási modell mérő- és mutatószám-rendszerét, majd a vizuális áttekintést segítő táblázatokat és grafikonokat. Végül pedig rámutat azokra az előnyökre, amelyek a modell alkalmazása során a vállalkozói szervezetek számára jelentkeznek.
Wirklichkeit im Wandel
Authors: Faßbeck Gero
Published: April 2021

Die Romane von Michel Houellebecq betreiben eine schonungslose Analyse der Gesellschaft mit ihren alten und neuen Ökonomien, dem Kapitalismus und seinen sozialen, moralischen und kulturellen Verwerfungen. Dabei orientieren sie sich an dem Vorbild Honoré de Balzacs und dem »realistischen« Roman des 19. Jahrhunderts. Gero Faßbecks Studie liefert einen Vergleich der zwei Autoren, ihrer jeweiligen Weltbilder und Schreibweisen. Vor dem Hintergrund der komplexen Theoriegeschichte des »Realismus« im 20. Jahrhundert wird gezeigt, dass die Romane von Houellebecq unmittelbar an das gesellschaftskritische Spätwerk von Balzac anknüpfen und es im Sinne der Postmoderne erneuern. Das paradoxe Unterfangen seines Romanwerks beruht auf der Erfindung einer Schreibweise, die mit den Mitteln der Moderne und der Postmoderne für den Erhalt der Tradition kämpft.
Плоско-деформированное состояние равномерно кусочно-однородной плоскости
с периодической системой полубесконечных межфазных трещин
Authors: Акопян Ваграм Наслетникович , Hakobyan Vahram N. , Григорян Арам Арутюнович , Grigoryan Aram H.
Published: April 2021

Рассмотрено плоско-деформированное состояние равномерно кусочно-однородной плоскости, полученной при помощи поочередного соединения двух разнородных полос, которая по линиям стыков разнородных полос расслаблена периодической системой двух полубесконечных межфазных трещин и деформируется под воздействием нормальных нагрузок, приложенных к берегам трещин. Выделена базовая ячейка задачи в виде двухкомпонентной полосы и при помощи обобщенного преобразования Фурье получена определяющая система уравнений задачи в виде одного сингулярного интегрального уравнения второго рода относительно комплексной комбинации контактных напряжений в зоне стыка полос.
В частном случае путем устремления ширины полос к бесконечности получено определяющее уравнение задачи для двухкомпонентной плоскости из двух разнородных полуплоскостей с двумя полубесконечными межфазными трещинами и построено его точное решение. Получено также определяющее уравнение поставленной задачи в виде одного сингулярного интегрального уравнения первого рода относительно нормальных контактных напряжений еще в одном частном случае, когда все полосы изготовлены из одного и того же материала, т.е. в случае однородной плоскости, расслабленной периодической системой параллельных полубесконечных трещин.
В общем же случае определено поведение искомой функции в концевых точках интервала интегрирования и решение задачи численно-аналитическим методом механических квадратур сведено к решению системы алгебраических уравнений. Получены простые формулы для определения коэффициентов интенсивности напряжений, $J$-интеграла Черепанова-Райса и раскрытия трещин. Проведен численный расчет. Выявлены закономерности изменения контактных напряжений и интеграла Черепанова-Райса в концевых точках трещин в зависимости от упругих характеристик разнородных полос и геометрических параметров задачи.
О соответствии теоретических моделей продольных колебаний стержня с кольцевыми дефектами экспериментальным данным
Authors: Попов Александр Леонидович , Popov Aleksander Leonidovich , Садовский Сергей Александрович , Sadovskiy Sergey A.
Published: April 2021

Рассматривается ряд теоретических моделей для описания продольных колебаний стержня. Наиболее простая и распространенная основана на волновом уравнении. Далее идет модель, учитывающая поперечное смещение (поправка Рэлея). Более совершенной считается модель Бишопа, учитывающая как поперечное смещение, так и деформацию сдвига. Казалось бы, чем совершеннее теоретическая модель, тем она лучше должна согласовываться с экспериментальными данными. Тем не менее при сравнении с реально определенным экспериментальным спектром продольных колебаний стержня на большой базе собственных частот оказывается, что это не совсем так. Причем в относительном проигрыше оказывается наиболее сложная модель Бишопа. Сопоставления проведены для стержня с малыми кольцевыми проточками, моделирующими поверхностные дефекты, который рассматривается как ступенчатый стержень. Затронуты также вопросы уточнения с помощью экспериментально найденных частот скорости продольных волн и коэффициента Пуассона материала стержня.
Healing of cracks in plates by strong electromagnetic field
Authors: Kukudzhanov Konstantin V. , Levitin Aleksandr Leonidovich , Ugurchiev Umar Kh.
Published: April 2021

Рассматривается задача о воздействии импульсным высокоэнергетическим электромагнитным полем на краевую трещину в тонкой пластине, воспроизводящая пионерский эксперимент советских ученых по разрушению вершины трещины сильным электромагнитным полем. Численное моделирование осуществляется на основе предложенной электромеханической модели воздействия короткоимпульсным высокоэнергетическим электромагнитным полем на материал с трещиной. Модель учитывает фазовые превращения (плавление и испарение) материала, происходящие в окрестности дефектов, и соответствующие изменения реологии материала в областях этих трансформаций, а также возможность протекания электрического тока между свободными поверхностями трещины (пробоя за счет эмиссии электронов). Все физико-механические характеристики материала считаются зависящими от температуры.
Уравнения модели связаны и решаются совместно на подвижной конечно-элементной сетке с применением смешанного метода Эйлера-Лагранжа. Исследуются процессы локализации полей плотности тока и температуры, фазовых превращений (плавления и испарения) в вершине трещины, автоэлектронной и термоэлектронной эмиссии между свободными поверхностями трещины и влияние этих процессов на залечивание трещины. Проводится сравнение результатов моделирования с имеющимися экспериментальными данными по воздействию импульсного поля на краевую трещину в пластине. Полученные в окрестности вершины трещины средняя скорость нагрева металла и градиенты температуры неплохо количественно согласуются с экспериментальными данными. Вдали от трещины, а также на берегах трещины вдали от вершины температура поднималась незначительно. Процесс моделирования воздействия электромагнитным полем, аналогично эксперименту, сопровождается плавлением в вершине трещины, а также испарением металла. Таким образом, при рассматриваемом воздействии током в вершине трещины формируется кратер, который препятствует дальнейшему распространению трещины, приводя к ее залечиванию. Получить аналогичные результаты с помощью ранее предложенных моделей не удавалось.
Нелокальная краевая задача Трикоми для дифференциально-разностного уравнения смешанного типа
Authors: Зарубин Александр Николаевич , Zarubin Alexandr Nikolaevich
Published: April 2021

Исследуется краевая задача Трикоми для дифференциально-разностного опережающе-запаздывающего уравнения смешанного типа с некарлемановскими отклонениями по всем аргументам искомой функции. Применена редукция к уравнению смешанного типа без отклонений. Используются симметричные попарно коммутативные матрицы коэффициентов уравнения. Доказаны теоремы единственности и существования. Задача однозначно разрешима.
Математическое моделирование и помехоустойчивая оценка параметров импульса ударной волны на основе результатов эксперимента при подводных взрывах
Authors: Зотеев Владимир Евгеньевич , Zoteev Vladimir Eugenievich , Ганигин Сергей Юрьевич , Ganigin Sergey Yur'evich , Деморецкий Дмитрий Анатольевич , Demoretsky Dmitry A. , Ненашев Максим Владимирович , Nenashev Maxim Vladimirovich , Губинский Алексей Владимирович , Gubinsky Aleksey V.
Published: April 2021

Рассматривается построение на основе натурных экспериментов и численно-аналитических исследований математической модели импульса подводной ударной волны, наблюдаемого на выходе датчика давления. Представлены разработка и сравнительный анализ различных численных методов нелинейного оценивания параметров этой модели. Предлагается численный метод оценки энергии импульса ударной волны на основе результатов эксперимента в форме осциллограммы избыточного давления, полученной при натурных испытаниях как на бесконечном промежутке времени, так и при заданной длительности импульса. Приведены результаты апробации разработанных численных методов математического моделирования импульса подводной ударной волны при обработке результатов эксперимента при взрыве эталонного заряда взрывчатого вещества. Достоверность и эффективность представленных в работе алгоритмов вычислений и методов нелинейного оценивания подтверждаются результатами численно-аналитических исследований и построенными на основе экспериментальных данных математическими моделями импульсов избыточного давления ударной волны.
¿Y si nombramos voz cada minúscula diferencia? Inclusión en jaque: Trayectorias empíricas de la voz desde el modelo social de discapacidad
Authors: Gómez-Guinart Kyuttzza , Infante Jaras Marta
Published: April 2021

A través de esta revisión crítica de literatura discutimos desafíos teóricos y éticos que el uso empírico de la noción voz plantea al conocimiento y al desarrollo de políticas públicas sobre inclusión en educación. Para ello revisamos 31 investigaciones que, desde el modelo social de discapacidad, focalizan voz como unidad de análisis de las prácticas de inclusión en distintos contextos educativos. Encontramos que voz se define como sinónimo de discurso y describe tres trayectorias empíricas: señala barreras sociales para la inclusión, expresa actitudes y creencias, y narra experiencias de afrontamiento al estigma. A partir de nuestros hallazgos fundamentamos la necesidad de producir conocimiento para la inclusión desde otra perspectiva ontoepistemológica. Sugerimos que los nuevos materialismos figuran como esa otra aproximación que permite cuestionar las ideas de lo humano y la diferencia diseminadas por el modelo social dadas sus raíces ontológicas modernas. En esta dirección, redefinimos voz para reconocer como tal a cada mínima diferencia expresada por toda materialidad viva y reflexionamos sobre otros sentidos para crear conocimientos que no reproduzcan respuestas parciales y deterministas sobre la diferencia y lo humano, mas provoquen el devenir de nuevos discursos, prácticas y políticas públicas de inclusión en educación.
An analytical model for the Maxwell radiation field in an axially symmetric galaxy
Authors: Arminjon Mayeul
Published: April 2021

The Maxwell radiation field is an essential physical characteristic of a galaxy. Here, an analytical model is built to simulate that field in an axisymmetric galaxy. This analytical model is based on an explicit representation for axisymmetric source-free Maxwell fields. In a previous work, the general applicability of this representation has been proved. The model is adjusted by fitting to it the sum of spherical radiations emitted by the composing “stars.” The huge ratio distance/wavelength needs to implement a numerical precision better than the quadruple precision. The model passes a validation test based on a spherically symmetric solution. The results for a set of “stars” representative of a disk galaxy indicate that the field is highest near the disk axis, and there the axial component of

E

{\bf{E}}

dominates over the radial one. This work will allow us in the future to check if the interaction energy predicted by an alternative theory of gravitation might be a component of dark matter.
The diffusion mechanism of the application of intelligent manufacturing in SMEs model based on cellular automata
Authors: Wang Lei , Yang Sijia , Fan Wenqi , Tang Fangqing
Published: April 2021

Based on the characteristics of intelligent manufacturing and the theory of technology diffusion, this paper constructs a cellular automata model with government support policy, information exchange, technology maturity, diffusion intermediary, and market competition as the influencing factors and analyzes the influence mechanism of the first three main factors on the diffusion of intelligent manufacturing technology in industrial clusters using MATLAB. This paper also makes an empirical analysis of the diffusion of intelligent manufacturing technology in the bearing industry cluster in Xinchang County and finds that the results are basically consistent by comparing the simulation data with the fit degree of the real data. In this paper, the diffusion intermediary and government support policy have the greatest influence on the application of intelligent manufacturing in small- and medium-sized enterprises, and the model proposed in this paper is effective.
Healthcare Transformation
Authors: Tsang Adrian
Published: April 2021

In collaboration with the McMaster Health Forum Student Subcommittee, The Meducator is pleased to introduce ForumSpace, a column which aims to educate readers on current issues in the health sciences, particularly health policy, so as to engage students and promote active discussion. The Student Subcommittee oversees student-led activities designed to offer opportunities to explore issues of interest to McMaster students and the public, in line with a key mandate of the McMaster Health Forum—to nurture the leaders of tomorrow by exposing them to the leading thinkers and doers of today. This inaugural paper in the ForumSpace follows the event ‘Ill-Informed: The Future of Universal Healthcare in Canada’, held earlier this year, which inspired a small group of students to think further about these issues. Among them is the author of this article, Adrian Tsang, who is also a member of the Student Subcommittee. The aim of this article is to present some of those opinions and how they could contribute to the transformation of Canada’s healthcare system. The views expressed in this article are the views of the author and should not be taken to represent the views of the McMaster Health Forum.
Is the Doctor in?
Authors: Bobrowski David
Published: April 2021

Is the Doctor in?
Variation in health outcomes associated with childhood maltreatment: Social and physiological factors
Authors: Komar Madeline
Published: April 2021

Variation in health outcomes associated with childhood maltreatment: Social and physiological factors