bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Drug-Drug Interactions With Antiviral Agents in People Who Inject Drugs Requiring Substitution Therapy
Authors: Meemken Leonie , Hanhoff Nikola , Tseng Alice , Christensen Stefan , Gillessen Anton
Published: April 2015

Objective: To describe potential drug-drug interactions in the area of HIV/hepatitis C virus (HCV) coinfection and injection drug use, including those between antiretrovirals (ARVs), direct-acting antivirals (DAAs), and opioid-agonist therapy, and to supply a practical approach to their management. Data Sources: We searched PubMed for relevant articles published up until February 2015 as well as conference reports and drug-drug-interaction Web sites. Data Selection and Data Extraction: We used the following search terms: pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic drug-drug interaction, opioid substitution, HIV, hepatitis and the individual names of the relevant agents of the following drug classes and the drug classes itself: reverse transcriptase inhibitors, nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, protease inhibitors, direct-acting antivirals, opioide, benzodiazepines, anticonvulsants, antidepressants and antipsychotics. Additional references were identified from a review of literature citations and drug-drug interaction Web sites. In our evaluation, we included German- and English-language studies and reports addressing drug-drug interactions between opioid agonist therapy and ARVs or DAAs. Data Synthesis: Pharmacokinetic data were available for all ARVs and DAAs except rilpivirine, indinavir, saquinavir, maraviroc, dolutegravir, and MK-8742 with buprenorphine as well as maraviroc with methadone Drug-drug interactions of potential clinical relevance are most likely to occur between opioid-replacement therapy and ARVs, particularly the nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, efavirenz and nevirapine, and HIV protease inhibitors. Conclusion: Integrase inhibitors may be safely coadministered with opioid-replacement therapy. With respect to HCV DAAs, most currently approved and late-stage investigational agents do not have clinically significant interactions with opioid-replacement therapy. ARV and DAAs may interact with other drug classes commonly used in the opioid-dependent population, including benzodiazepines, antidepressants, anticonvulsants, and antipsychotics.
The Chernyshenko Conscientiousness Scales
Authors: Green Jessica A. , O’Connor Daryl B. , Gartland Nicola , Roberts Brent W.
Published: April 2015

The current research sought to validate the Chernyshenko Conscientiousness Scales (CCS), a novel measure designed to assess six facets of conscientiousness. Data from 7,569 U.S. participants and 649 U.K. participants were analyzed to assess the internal reliability and factorial structure of the scales. Test–retest reliability, convergent and divergent validity, and criterion-related validity were also evaluated using a separate U.K. sample ( n = 118; n = 80 for test–retest). The results showed that those items designed to measure industriousness, order, self-control, traditionalism, and virtue were best represented by a five-factor structure, broadly consistent with the five scales. However, the content and structure of the responsibility scale requires further investigation. Overall, the CCS has the potential to be a useful alternative to the faceted measures of conscientiousness that are currently available. However, future research is required to refine a number of problematic items and to clarify which facets can be better described as interstitial dimensions between conscientiousness and other Big Five domains.
Clarifying and Expanding the Use of Confirmatory Factor Analysis in Journalism and Mass Communication Research
Authors: Holbert R. Lance , Grill Christiane
Published: April 2015

Journalism and mass communication research is underutilizing structural equation modeling (SEM) for the purposes of specifying, estimating, and evaluating measurement models. The analytical exercises undertaken for this essay reveal SEM-based confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to be a multifaceted tool that can aid researchers in generating greater understanding of the measurement elements of their research endeavors. Secondary analyses of 2014 World Values Survey ( N = 9,901) data emphasize the following: testing competing models, model identification, proper evaluation of covaried error terms, absolute and incremental model fit statistics, the chi-square distributed test statistic, model equivalency, multiple-group models, and assessing equality constraints.
The trouble with safety: Fear of crime, pollution and subjectification in public space
Authors: Fanghanel Alexandra
Published: April 2015

This article examines how fear of crime and safekeeping are constituted as part of the same dispositif of control which subjectifies (produces a specific form of self) and which perpetrates spatial and social injustice. Problematizing how imperatives for safekeeping are constituted, this article outlines the role of the abject and anxiety about pollution and disorder in the production of knowledge about public spaces, of the self, and of the other. I draw on data collected from qualitative interviews with young women aged 17 in the UK about their experiences of fear of crime, safety, belonging, exclusion and well-being in public spaces. By conducting discourse analysis on their talk, this article posits that exclusionary notions of class, race and gender construct part of how some young women produce knowledge about fear of crime and safety. This research has implications for better understanding the social cost of contemporary knowledge about what is safe and what is fearsome in public space.
Consumption experience
Authors: Lanier Clinton D. , Rader C. Scott
Published: April 2015

Experience has become a primary means by which we understand post-industrial, consumer societies. Whilst we have learned much about consumption experiences, most studies have relied on theories whose underlying assumptions have restricted our understanding of this important topic. More specifically, whilst the experiential literature has expanded our perspective of the broader structures of consumption experiences, it has limited our understanding by ascribing a function(s) to these experiences. By interrogating not merely the empirical findings but also the theoretical (and methodological) assumptions underlying the extant literature, this article aims both to critique and to extend our current understanding of consumption experiences. Towards this end, we propose a framework that examines consumption experiences on the dimensions of structural relations and functional consequences. Based on the corresponding sub-dimensions of structure, anti-structure, function and anti-function, we identify four primary types of consumption experience: performance, liberatory, stochastic and adventure. A detailed description of each type of consumption experience is provided, with special emphasis given to anti-functional experiences, the nature of which both challenges and expands our understanding of experiential consumption.
Peeking behind the mask of the prosumer
Authors: Hartmann Benjamin J.
Published: April 2015

This article aims to contribute to long-standing debates on a dialectical relation between consumption and production. Whilst previous literature suggests an intermingling of consumption with production within economic spheres, individuals, firm–consumer interactions and consumer cultural processes, the discussion remains relatively stagnant when it comes to theorizing how the relationship between consumption and production is organized. In this article, I use a practice–theoretical perspective to reorient the discussion of the interplay between consumption and production to the level of practice performances. Complementing previous work on consumption as a moment in practice, this article theorizes consumption and production as alternate moments within practices of everyday living and unfolds how the relation between consumptive and productive moments is inscribed in a specific teleoaffective structure named facilitation. This advances an alternative view on craftsmanship, craft consumption and prosumption. Empirical material collected through interviews, observations, diaries and netnography within guitar playing and gardening systematically illustrates the theoretical proposals.
Open science strategies in research policies: A comparative exploration of Canada, the US and the UK
Authors: Lasthiotakis Helen , Kretz Andrew , Sá Creso
Published: April 2015

Several movements have emerged related to the general idea of promoting ‘openness’ in science. Research councils are key institutions in bringing about changes proposed by these movements, as sponsors and facilitators of research. In this paper we identify the approaches used in Canada, the US and the UK to advance open science, as a step towards understanding how policy in this area is evolving. The findings highlight three broad patterns across the countries, showing that open science is supported not only be the activities of individual research councils, but also through government mandates and inter-council cooperation. These patterns involve efforts to create a digital infrastructure for open science, to foster open access, and to support open data initiatives.
Identification of Multiple Nonreturner Profiles to Inform the Development of Targeted College Retention Interventions
Authors: Mattern Krista D. , Marini Jessica P. , Shaw Emily J.
Published: April 2015

Throughout the college retention literature, there is a recurring theme that students leave college for a variety of reasons making retention a difficult phenomenon to model. In the current study, cluster analysis techniques were employed to investigate whether multiple empirically based profiles of nonreturning students existed to more fully understand the types of students with particular characteristics that are related to leaving college. Based on over 18,000 students who left their initial institution after the first year, analyses supported three clusters, which were labeled as Affordability Issues, Unexpected Underperformers, and Underprepared and Facing Hurdles. Follow-up analyses were then conducted to determine whether students from each cluster had different higher education trajectories. Students in the Underprepared and Facing Hurdles cluster were most likely to drop out of higher education completely or transfer to a 2-year institution. Those students in the Affordability Issues cluster were most likely to transfer to a less expensive 4-year institution. Finally, the Unexpected Underperformers behaved somewhere in between the other two clusters with regard to dropout and transfer behavior. The implications of these findings in terms of developing more thoughtful and targeted retention interventions for these different types of students are discussed.
Supportive Others in the Lives of College Students and Their Relevance to Hope
Authors: Fruiht Veronica M.
Published: April 2015

This paper considers the functions of supportive individuals in the lives of community college and 4-year college students and how such support can promote hope, defined as agency and pathways thinking. We surveyed 181 college students regarding their supportive relationships and found that parents were most likely to be nominated as a primary source of support and that frequently these parents were considered mentors by students. Highlighting research on developmental networks and the overlap in developmental tasks between adolescence and emerging adulthood, we consider these supportive relationships as opportunities for mentorship in which college students may receive the forms of support more akin to adolescent mentoring than professional mentoring. Students endorsed statements about being supported in values exploration, goal setting, and problem solving, and students who received more support, specifically problem-solving support, were more likely to be high in hope. Practical implications and future directions are discussed.
Great Expectations
Authors: Pleitz Jacob D. , MacDougall Alexandra E. , Terry Robert A. , Buckley M. Ronald , Campbell Nicole J.
Published: April 2015

The purpose of this article is to build upon previous efforts evaluating the degree to which the discrepancy between student expectations and experiences can result in greater rates of attrition in education. Data were collected from 225 students at a large Midwestern public university and analyzed to assess the discrepancy between expectations and experiences within academic and social domains of higher education. Factor analysis affirmed the hypothesized structure of the responses, and logistic regression results indicated that discrepancies in expectations and experience within social and institutional domains significantly predicted student satisfaction and retention in the second year. An implication of the research is that institutions of higher education may benefit from training students to inculcate more realistic expectations within the institutional and social domains of higher education.
Impact of a Constructivist Career Course on Academic Performance and Graduation Outcomes
Authors: Grier-Reed Tabitha , Chahla Rose
Published: April 2015

Career planning courses are one of the most effective ways to improve career development, and the benefits to career decision-making are well documented. The research base regarding whether career courses contribute to academic outcomes is less well-developed. Although recent findings suggest that career courses may improve retention in the first- and second-year of college, it is not clear that these gains extend to graduation. Hence, we explored years to graduation, credit completion, and cumulative grade point average for 103 university students enrolled in a constructivist career course and 107 students in a comparison group. We also included race or ethnicity as an independent variable. Using composite ACT score and high school rank as covariates, we found no effect for the career course on cumulative grade point average, years to graduation, or credit completion. Additionally, there was no effect for race or ethnicity. Implications for the need to develop more upper division career courses are discussed.
Chivalry Revisited
Authors: Romain Danielle M. , Freiburger Tina L.
Published: April 2015

There is limited research on the role of gender in charge reduction, particularly for domestic violence cases.The purpose of this study is to test the direct and interactive effects of defendant gender, race/ethnicity, type of offense, and victim gender on charge reduction. A population census of 2,281 domestic violence cases in a large Midwestern county was obtained from the prosecutor’s office. The effect of gender varies depending on the operationalization of charge reduction. Female-on-female cases were least likely to be dismissed. Non-White females were least likely to receive a violent charge reduction. Future research on the underlying mechanisms of why female-on-female cases and non-White females are less likely to receive a reduction is needed.
Image language and the language of images: A closer examination of videography in cross-cultural school studies
Authors: Engel Juliane
Published: April 2015

This paper evaluates the development of new cultural theories utilizing video-based analysis. For this purpose, a multi-methods research design, combining videographies, group discussions and surveys, was applied. A video sequence showing a clip of a 10th grade class at Ramja Public School in Pusa Road in Delhi1 provides the basis for a discussion regarding what imaging material really visualizes, and pointing out the invisible pedagogic concepts that are entwined with interpretation. Furthermore, this paper investigates the concept of culture(s) in the analysis of class situations, taking a special interest in the culture of (moving) images. Therefore the research question is: How do videographies as moving images generate meaning that is distinct from language? The paper will hint at the phenomenon of invisible inner concepts, which to date, have been neglected, in the analysis of videographies.
Best practice in the treatment of advanced squamous cell lung cancer
Authors: Ang Yvonne L. E. , Tan Hon-Lyn , Soo Ross A.
Published: April 2015

The management of advanced stage nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has been altered by the recognition of histology-based treatment and the use of targeted therapy. Whilst outcomes have improved with adenocarcinoma, treatment options are still limited in advanced stage squamous cell lung cancer. With advances in the molecular characterization of squamous cell cancers (SCCs), new potential targets have been identified. In this review, we discuss the role of histology in the treatment of NSCLC, cytotoxic chemotherapy, existing targeted therapies, the new molecular subsets and novel inhibitors in squamous cell lung carcinoma, and the emerging role of immune checkpoint inhibitors. Based on the results of two recent studies, nivolumab, a programmed death 1 (PD-1) immune checkpoint inhibitor, has been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in the treatment of squamous cell NSCLC in the second-line setting. Well-designed biomarker driven studies are needed to accelerate the development and approval of novel therapies for patients with lung SCC.
V-Go Insulin Delivery System Versus Multiple Daily Insulin Injections for Patients With Uncontrolled Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Winter Abigail , Lintner Michaela , Knezevich Emily
Published: April 2015

Type 2 diabetes mellitus affects over 29.1 million Americans, diagnosed and undiagnosed. Achieving and maintaining glycemic control for these patients is of extreme importance when working to prevent complications and improve quality of life for patients. The V-Go is a newly developed insulin delivery system. The push of a button inserts a needle into the patient once daily and remains attached for 24 hours. The V-Go is designed to release a set basal rate throughout the day, while allowing patients to provide up to 36 units of on-demand bolus insulin with the manual click of 2 buttons. It is a spring-loaded device filled daily with rapid-acting insulin that runs without the use of batteries or computer software. The main objective of this prospective active comparator study was to observe the A1C lowering effects of multiple daily insulin injections (MDII) versus the use of the V-Go insulin delivery system for patients with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus over a 3-month period. In addition, the effect on insulin requirement for these patients was assessed with secondary comparisons of weight, blood pressure, prevalence of hypoglycemic events, and quality of life before and after 3 months of intensified insulin therapy with regular monitoring by a clinical pharmacist at an internal medicine clinic. The average A1C lowering experienced by the 3 patients in the V-Go group was 1.5%, while the average A1C change in the 3 patients in the MDII group was an increase of 0.2%. All patients in the V-Go group experienced a decrease in insulin total daily dose (TDD), with an average decrease of 26.3 units. All patients in the MDII group experienced an increase in insulin TDD with an average of 15 units daily to achieve therapeutic goals individualized for each patient. All patients who underwent intensification of insulin therapy experienced an increase in subjective quality of life (QOL) as determined using the Diabetes-39 (D-39) questionnaire, though QOL results lacked statistical significance.
Intravenous Thrombolysis for Acute Ischemic Stroke Within 3 Hours Versus Between 3 and 4.5 Hours of Symptom Onset
Authors: Cheng Natalie T. , Kim Anthony S.
Published: April 2015

Data from randomized clinical trials have supported the safety and efficacy of intravenous tissue-type plasminogen activator (IV tPA) for acute ischemic stroke when administered within 3 hours of symptom onset, and regulatory approvals for this indication have been in place for almost 20 years. However, recent clinical trials have provided evidence that IV tPA may be safe and effective in selected patients up to 4.5 hours after symptom onset, thereby increasing the proportion of patients that may be eligible for treatment. Although professional organizations in the United States and many regulatory agencies internationally have supported this expanded time window for IV tPA, the US Food and Drug Administration has declined to approve this expanded indication and so this use of IV tPA has remained off-label in the United States. Here we review the current evidence for IV tPA in the standard and the expanded time windows and the data on current clinical practice in the United States as it relates to IV tPA treatment for acute stroke within 3 to 4.5 hours of symptom onset.
Global Drug Safety
Authors: Herson Jay
Published: April 2015

Due to collaborative agreements between health authorities, prescription drugs are now essentially approved on a global basis. Many serious side effects of drugs are not found among the relatively small number of patients exposed in the pre-approval clinical trials. When suspicion of serious side effects emerges, researchers use crude epidemiological methods in retrospective studies—the results of which are open to debate. This article explores the high tech future of drug safety surveillance driven by market forces and allowing real-time reporting of adverse events to pharmaceutical companies, regulators, patients, and wiki communities. This system is seen to be a consequence of the marriage of Big Medicine and Big Data, and competition between medical providers and insurance companies. The benefits and risks of this 2030 reality and four possible scenarios are presented.
Sharing Our Humanity with Robots
Authors: Goux-Baudiment Fabienne
Published: April 2015

What does it mean to be human? Is it a simple biological definition, or does the concept involve specific values and attitudes? Beyond mere philosophical questioning, this article aims at deepening our understanding of what makes us human from a specific viewpoint: that of humans’ interaction with robots. Although most people still consider this issue a subject for science fiction, it is indeed already knocking at our door: By 2033, 47 percent of today’s jobs could be automated. How will we cope with this immense revolution? How can global governance face it? Considering the recent acceleration in robotics development, two different future situations involving robots have been chosen as case studies. The first involves android robots at work, and the second in domestic life. In each case, we attempt to answer the following question: How will human beings interact with human-looking robots living and working around them? Unless we each as individuals can recognize what makes us human, we will fail to share our humanity and face what could be the most challenging situation of all time.
Myxoma virus suppresses proliferation of activated T lymphocytes yet permits oncolytic virus transfer to cancer cells
Authors: Villa Nancy Y. , Wasserfall Clive H. , Meacham Amy M. , Wise Elizabeth , Chan Winnie , Wingard John R. , McFadden Grant , Cogle Christopher R.
Published: April 2015

Key Points

MYXV binds human T lymphocytes but does not enter and infect T cells until after activation. MYXV-infected T lymphocytes proliferate less and secrete less inflammatory cytokines but deliver oncolytic virus to augment GVM.
Employment subsidies, informal economy and women’s transition into work in a depressed area: evidence from a matching approach
Authors: Deidda Manuela , Di Liberto Adriana , Foddi Marta , Sulis Giovanni
Published: April 2015

We analyze the effects of an ALMP for disadvantaged workers implemented in a depressed area of Italy. Using propensity-score matching, we find that a) the employment subsidy had a positive effect for participants on both the probability of finding a job and income, b) the outcome of the policy was more positive for women, and c) the program was more effective for older and less-educated female workers. Using data on previous contacts between workers and firms and on informal channels for job search activity, we ultimately explore the role of the program in promoting the transition from informal to salaried employment.
Changes in labour market transitions in Ireland over the Great Recession: what role for policy?
Authors: Bergin Adele , Kelly Elish , McGuinness Seamus
Published: April 2015

This paper assesses the impact the Great Recession had on individuals’ transitions to and from unemployment in Ireland. The rate of transition from unemployment to employment declined between 2006 and 2011, while the rate from employment to unemployment increased. The results indicate that young people are much less likely to exit unemployment but, at the same time, have a lower risk of becoming unemployed. Education has become an increasingly important factor in supporting unemployment exits and reducing the risk of unemployment since the recession. The findings are supportive of current policies aimed at facilitating access to higher education for unemployed people, but they raise questions with regard to the adequacy of the Youth Guarantee.
In-flight performance of the Absolute Scalar Magnetometer vector mode on board the Swarm satellites
Authors: Léger Jean-Michel , Jager Thomas , Bertrand François , Hulot Gauthier , Brocco Laura , Vigneron Pierre , Lalanne Xavier , Chulliat Arnaud , Fratter Isabelle
Published: April 2015

The role of the Absolute Scalar Magnetometer (ASM) in the European Space Agency (ESA) Swarm mission is to deliver absolute measurements of the magnetic field’s strength for science investigations and in-flight calibration of the Vector Field Magnetometer (VFM). However, the ASM instrument can also simultaneously deliver vector measurements with no impact on the magnetometer’s scalar performance, using a so-called vector mode. This vector mode has been continuously operated since the beginning of the mission, except for short periods of time during commissioning. Since both scalar and vector measurements are perfectly synchronous and spatially coherent, a direct assessment of the ASM vector performance can then be carried out at instrument level without need to correct for the various magnetic perturbations generated by the satellites. After a brief description of the instrument’s operating principles, a thorough analysis of the instrument’s behavior is presented, as well as a characterization of its environment in flight, using an alternative high sampling rate (burst) scalar mode that could be run a few days during commissioning. The ASM vector calibration process is next detailed, with some emphasis on its sensitivity to operational conditions. Finally, the evolution of the instrument’s performance during the first year of the mission is presented and discussed in view of the mission’s performance requirements for vector measurements.
Microvascular autologous submandibular gland transplantation in severe cases of keratoconjunctivitis sicca
Authors: Su Jia-Zeng , Cai Zhi-Gang , Yu Guang-Yan
Published: April 2015

Dry eye syndrome is a relatively common disease of the tears and ocular surfaces that results in discomfort, visual disturbance, and tear film instability with possible damage to the ocular surfaces. Microvascular submandibular gland (SMG) transfer offers a surgical alternative for a permanent autologous substitution of tears using the basal secretion of a transplanted SMG. Long-term follow-up reveals that this technique is a lasting and effective solution for patients with severe dry eye syndrome. The uncomfortable symptoms were relieved, and the frequency of use of pharmaceutical tear substitutes was reduced. Objective examination showed significant improvement in tear film and some features of ocular surface such as breakup time of tear film and corneal staining. Patients may suffer from obstruction of Wharton's duct or epiphora after surgery. Activation of secretion-related receptors could improve the early hypofunction of the denervated SMG and prevent the duct obstruction. Reduction surgery, partial SMG transplantation, uses of atropine gel or Botulinum toxin A could be the choices of treatment for epiphora.
Reconstruction with fibular osteocutaneous free flap in patients with mandibular osteoradionecrosis
Authors: Kim Min Gyun , Lee Seung Tae , Park Joo Yong , Choi Sung Weon
Published: April 2015

Background

Osteoradionecrosis is a delayed complication from radiation therapy which causes chronic pain, infection and constant deformity after necrosis. Most of the osteoradionecrosis occurs spontaneously or after the primary oncologic surgery, dental extraction or by trauma of prosthesis. The treatment of osteoradionecrosis relies on both conservative measures and surgical measures. The fibular osteocutaneous free flap has become more popular choice for reconstruction of maxillofacial defects as a treatment of osteoradionecrosis.

Methods

We presented our experiences from 7 patients with osteoradionecrosis who have had reconstruction surgery with fibular osteocutaneous free flap at National Cancer Center during the recent 5 years. We performed segmental mandibular resection with fibular osteocutaneous free flap for all 7 patients of advanced osteoradionecrosis who were not controlled by conservative treatment such as wound irrigation, debridement, and antibiotics.

Results

A wide range of techniques were available for the reconstruction of composite defects resulted from the treatment of advanced mandibular osteoradionecrosis. Significant improvement was noted in relieving pain and treating trismus after the surgery however difficulty in swallowing and xerostomia showed less improvement.

Conclusions

We concluded that fibular osteocutaneous free flap can be performed safely in patients with osteoradionecrosis and yields positive outcomes with significantly increased success rate. The fibular osteocutaneous free flap was our preferred choice for the mandibular reconstruction due to its versatility and predictability.
Clinical changes of TMD and condyle stability after two jaw surgery with and without preceding TMD treatments in class III patients
Authors: Yoon Sang-Yong , Song Jae-Min , Kim Yong-Deok , Chung In-Kyo , Shin Sang-Hun ,   Pusan Korea Pusan National University
Published: April 2015

Background

This study are to identify the symptomatic changes and condylar stability after 2 jaw surgery without preceding treatments for Temporomandibular joints(TMJ) in class III patients with the TMJ symptoms; and to assess therapeutic effect of 2 jaw surgery and the necessity of preceding treatment for alleviation of TMJ symptoms.

Methods

30 prognathic patients with preexisting TMJ symptoms were divided into 2 groups according to presence or absence of preceding treatments before the surgery. We evaluated symptomatic changes on both TMJ by questionnaires and clinical examinations. And we reconstructed 3D cone beam computed tomography images before 2 jaw surgery, immediately after the surgery, and 6 months or more after the surgery with SimPlant software, and analyzed the stability of condylar position on 3D reconstruction model. Significances were assessed by the Wilcoxon signed rank test on SPSS ver. 20.0.

Results

Both groups had favorable changes of TMJ symptoms after orthognathic surgery. And postoperative position of condyle had good stability during follow-up period.

Conclusion

2 jaw surgery without preceding treatments for TMD can have therapeutic effect for TMD patients with class III malocclusion.
Surgically assisted rapid palatal expansion with tent screws and a custom-made palatal expander: a case report
Authors: Park Kang-Nam , Lee Chang Youn , Park In Young , Kim Jwa Young , Yang Byoungeun
Published: April 2015

Rapid palatal expansion(RPE) with the tooth-born appliance is not sufficient to apply to the patients with periodontal problem or insufficient tooth anchorage, and it leads to tipping of the anchorage teeth and increasing teeth mobility and root resorption. To avoid these disadvantages, we present the case using palatal screws and custommade palatal expander. A 23-year-old patient underwent surgically assisted rapid maxillary expansion with the Hyrax expansion using 4 tent screws. The study models were used to measure the pre−/−post surgical width of the anterior and posterior dental arches with a digital sliding caliper. In the result, the custom-made palatal expander with 4 tent screws is suitable for delivering a force to the mid-palatal suture expansion. And it is low cost, small sized and simply applied. The results indicated that maxillary expansion with the custom-made palatal anchorage device is predictable and stable technique without significant complications in patients.
Airborne and ground geophysical mapping of coastal clays in Eastern Friesland, Germany
Authors: Siemon Bernhard , Costabel Stephan , Voß Wolfgang , Meyer Uwe , Deus Nico , Elbracht Jörg , Günther Thomas , Wiederhold Helga
Published: April 2015

Coastal areas such as the German Bight are at risk from storms and rising sea level that may affect the hydrogeologic setting. Because knowledge of the distribution of clayey sediments is important for understanding the current status of this dynamic setting, the German Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources (BGR) has focused on geophysical research projects on the North Sea coast applying airborne and ground geophysics. The airborne system operated by BGR was used to survey a 20- by 31-km large coastal area in Eastern Friesland, Germany, including the islands of Langeoog and Spiekeroog. Helicopter-borne electromagnetic (HEM) data were collected at six frequencies. In addition, the Leibniz Institute for Applied Geophysics commissioned a SkyTEM survey covering a 2-km-wide north–south strip. On the island of Langeoog, ground geophysical methods, such as transient electromagnetics (TEM) and magnetic resonance soundings (MRS) were used to investigate the hydrogeologic setting in greater detail. Onshore, the airborne electromagnetic results clearly outlined a complex electrically conductive pattern occurring at a shallow depth. Comparison with borehole results provided by the State Authority for Mining, Energy and Geology confirmed that these conductors were caused by clayey material, particularly down to an approximate 20-m depth. This pattern continues offshore, and it is likely that the saltwater is linked to stripes of clayey sediments and the fresh groundwater flows out to the Wadden Sea in between. On the islands, the HEM results revealed the freshwater lenses and showed some indications for clay layers within these freshwater lenses. The application of TEM and MRS helped to distinguish lithology from salinity and confirmed the existence of these clay layers. We demonstrated the usefulness of combining the spatial airborne data with geophysical and borehole data available at sparsely distributed sites on the ground to investigate hydrogeologic settings.
Conditioning the full-waveform inversion gradient to welcome anisotropy
Authors: Alkhalifah Tariq
Published: April 2015

Multiparameter full-waveform inversion (FWI) suffers from complex nonlinearity in the objective function, compounded by the eventual trade-off between the model parameters. A hierarchical approach based on frequency and arrival time data decimation to maneuver the complex nonlinearity associated with this problem usually falls short in anisotropic media. In place of data decimation, I use a model gradient filter approach to access the parts of the gradient more suitable to combat the potential nonlinearity and parameter trade-off. The filter is based on representing the gradient in the time-lag normalized domain, in which small scattering-angles of the gradient update are initially muted out. The model update hierarchical filtering strategy include applying varying degrees of filtering to the different anisotropic parameter updates, a feature not easily accessible to simple data decimation. Using FWI and reflection-based FWI, when the modeled data are obtained with the single-scattering theory, allows access to additional low model wavenumber components. Combining such access to wavenumbers with scattering-angle filters applied to the individual parameter gradients allows for multiple strategies to avoid complex FWI nonlinearity as well as the parameter trade-off.
Practical application of liquid-CO2/slick-water hybrid fracturing technology in the lacustrine shale gas reservoir in Ordos Basin, China
Authors: Wang Xiangzeng
Published: April 2015

The seventh member of the Yanchang Formation, Upper Triassic black shale deposited in the deep and semideep lacustrine environment, is located in the southeast area of the Ordos Basin. It is 1200–1800 m in buried depth and 30–60 m in thickness. As the main target of lacustrine shale gas in this region, the seventh member of the Yanchang Formation usually uses fracturing technology as the major stimulation treatment. Slick-water fracturing with a high-pumping rate has been successful early on, but the low reservoir pressure of this formation resulted in a large volume of fracturing fluid invasion. As a consequence, the shale-gas well production has been postponed owing to the low rate of fracturing-fluid flowback and a long cleanup period. Liquid-[Formula: see text] fracturing has caused almost no damage to the formation, and the volumetric expansion of [Formula: see text] after gasification will increase formation energy and improve the fluid cleanup rate. I have developed a liquid-CO2/slick-water hybrid fracturing technology that combined the advantages of liquid-[Formula: see text] and high-pumping-rate slick-water fracturing. Sixteen vertical wells and one horizontal well have been tested in the Ganquan Area, Shaanxi Province, China. As a result, the fluid cleanup rate improved 30% in comparison with regular slick-water fracturing. Moreover, the fracturing-fluid cleanup period of vertical wells decreased from 45 to 25 days. A field test indicated that because more liquid [Formula: see text] was used (i.e., the volume ratio of liquid [Formula: see text] to slick water increases), the performance of reservoir energizing and flowback result improved.
Acceleration of Insulin Amyloid Fibrillation at Liquid–Liquid Interfaces
Authors: Watanabe Shiori , Watarai Hitoshi
Published: April 2015

The formation of insulin amyloid fibrils under acidic conditions was accelerated in the liquid–liquid systems, especially in the toluene/water system. High interfacial adsorptivity of insulin monomer was confirmed by interfacial tension measurement. Fluorescence microscope observation using a thioflavine T (ThT) probe proved directly the interfacial formation and adsorption of the amyloid fibril at the dodecane/water interface. Far-UV-circular dichroism (CD) spectra of insulin in the dodecane/water system suggested the conversion of α-helix form to the β-sheet in the aqueous phase. Furthermore, the total internal reflection-induced CD measurement of the amyloid fibril–ThT complex at the dodecane/water interface led to the conclusion that the amyloid formation at the interface is faster than the conversion of α-helix form in the aqueous phase.
Application of Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption and Ionization Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry to the Study of the Proteinaceous Binders in Paint: Blue Paint Composition in the Series “The Life of Virgin” by Alonso Cano (17th Century) as a Case Study
Authors: Romero-Pastor Julia , Navas Natalia , Rodríguez-Simón Luis , Lario-Simón Antonio , Kuckova Stepanka , Manzano Eloísa
Published: April 2015

The identification of proteinaceous materials in paint constituents provides very valuable information regarding the techniques used by the painter and the most suitable procedures for conserving and restoring their works. Although the analysis of proteinaceous materials is nowadays a common task when dealing with works of art, the reliable detection and identification of protein traces is still complicated, particularly when very small samples can be taken that may contain a mixture of different organic materials (oils, waxes, resins, gums etc.). We therefore proposed a proteomic approach to investigate protein materials in paintings at trace levels in order to obtain a better understanding of the painter's technique. After trypsin digestion of the paint samples, mass spectra were obtained by matrix-assisted laser desorption and ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) and they were compared with the Mascot database and with theoretical digested proteins. This study contributes to the knowledge about the technique used by Alonso Cano (Granada, Spain, 1601–1667), one of the most original and brilliant artists from the Spanish Golden Age (17th century), in the series called the Life of the Virgin (six paintings), part of the iconographic program about the life of the Virgin Mary, nowadays seen in the main chapel of Granada Cathedral. The objective of the present study was to test the use of proteinaceous material, mainly egg yolk, in the paint used by Cano, as suggested in previous research, although this would have been unusual at that time when most artists used oil paints. Based on the results of the analysis here presented, the use of protein in the binding media can most likely be excluded.
Analytical Potential of the In-Electrospray Ionization Source Hydrogen/Deuterium Exchange for the Investigation of Oligonucleotides
Authors: Kostyukevich Yury , Kononikhin Alexey , Popov Igor , Starodubtzeva Natalia , Pekov Stanislav , Kukaev Eugene , Indeykina Maria , Nikolaev Eugene
Published: April 2015

It has previously been reported that different conformations of oligonucleotides may be detected using a gas-phase hydrogen/deuterium (H/D) exchange performed in the collision cell of a mass spectrometer. The presence of different conformers was postulated based on the bimodal shape of the deuterium distribution and on the ion mobility spectrometry data. Here we implement an in-electrospray ionization source H/D exchange to detect the different conformations of oligonucleotides in the region of ion formation. We observed that the number of H/D exchanges depends considerably on the temperature of the desolvating capillary and varies from 25% at 50°C to 80% at 450°C, but no bimodality in the shape of the deuterium distribution was observed. Such results indicate that in the region of ion formation different conformations of oligonucleotide ions rapidly interconvert one into another.
Three CRISPR-Cas immune effector complexes coexist in Pyrococcus furiosus
Authors: Majumdar Sonali , Zhao Peng , Pfister Neil T. , Compton Mark , Olson Sara , Glover Claiborne V.C. , Wells Lance , Graveley Brenton R. , Terns Rebecca M. , Terns Michael P.
Published: April 2015

CRISPR-Cas immune systems function to defend prokaryotes against potentially harmful mobile genetic elements including viruses and plasmids. The multiple CRISPR-Cas systems (Types I, II, and III) each target destruction of foreign nucleic acids via structurally and functionally diverse effector complexes (crRNPs). CRISPR-Cas effector complexes are comprised of CRISPR RNAs (crRNAs) that contain sequences homologous to the invading nucleic acids and Cas proteins specific to each immune system type. We have previously characterized a crRNP in Pyrococcus furiosus (Pfu) that contains Cmr (Type III-B) Cas proteins associated with one of two size classes of crRNAs and cleaves complementary target RNAs. Here, we have isolated and characterized two additional native Pfu crRNPs containing either Csa (Type I-A) or Cst (Type I-G) Cas proteins and distinct profiles of associated crRNAs. For each complex, the Cas proteins were identified by mass spectrometry and immunoblotting and the crRNAs by RNA sequencing and Northern blot analysis. The crRNAs associated with both the Csa and Cst complexes originate from all seven Pfu CRISPR loci and contain identical 5′ ends (8-nt repeat-derived 5′ tag sequences) but heterogeneous 3′ ends (containing variable amounts of downstream repeat sequences). These crRNA forms are distinct from Cmr-associated crRNAs, indicating different 3′ end processing pathways following primary cleavage of common pre-crRNAs. Like other previously characterized Type I CRISPR-Cas effector complexes, we predict that the newly identified Pfu Csa and Cst crRNPs each function to target invading DNA, adding an additional layer of protection beyond that afforded by the previously characterized RNA targeting Cmr complex.
The C-terminal helix in the YjeQ zinc-finger domain catalyzes the release of RbfA during 30S ribosome subunit assembly
Authors: Jeganathan Ajitha , Razi Aida , Thurlow Brett , Ortega Joaquin
Published: April 2015

YjeQ (also called RsgA) and RbfA proteins in Escherichia coli bind to immature 30S ribosome subunits at late stages of assembly to assist folding of the decoding center. A key step for the subunit to enter the pool of actively translating ribosomes is the release of these factors. YjeQ promotes dissociation of RbfA during the final stages of maturation; however, the mechanism implementing this functional interplay has not been elucidated. YjeQ features an amino-terminal oligonucleotide/oligosaccharide binding domain, a central GTPase module and a carboxy-terminal zinc-finger domain. We found that the zinc-finger domain is comprised of two functional motifs: the region coordinating the zinc ion and a carboxy-terminal α-helix. The first motif is essential for the anchoring of YjeQ to the 30S subunit and the carboxy-terminal α-helix facilitates the removal of RbfA once the 30S subunit reaches the mature state. Furthermore, the ability of the mature 30S subunit to stimulate YjeQ GTPase activity also depends on the carboxy-terminal α-helix. Our data are consistent with a model in which YjeQ uses this carboxy-terminal α-helix as a sensor to gauge the conformation of helix 44, an essential motif of the decoding center. According to this model, the mature conformation of helix 44 is sensed by the carboxy-terminal α-helix, which in turn stimulates the YjeQ GTPase activity. Hydrolysis of GTP is believed to assist the release of YjeQ from the mature 30S subunit through a still uncharacterized mechanism. These results identify the structural determinants in YjeQ that implement the functional interplay with RbfA.
Role of six single nucleotide polymorphisms, risk factors in coronary disease, in OLR1 alternative splicing
Authors: Tejedor J. Ramón , Tilgner Hagen , Iannone Camilla , Guigó Roderic , Valcárcel Juan
Published: April 2015

The OLR1 gene encodes the oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor (LOX-1), which is responsible for the cellular uptake of oxidized LDL (Ox-LDL), foam cell formation in atheroma plaques and atherosclerotic plaque rupture. Alternative splicing (AS) of OLR1 exon 5 generates two protein isoforms with antagonistic functions in Ox-LDL uptake. Previous work identified six single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in linkage disequilibrium that influence the inclusion levels of OLR1 exon 5 and correlate with the risk of cardiovascular disease. Here we use minigenes to recapitulate the effects of two allelic series (Low- and High-Risk) on OLR1 AS and identify one SNP in intron 4 (rs3736234) as the main contributor to the differences in exon 5 inclusion, while the other SNPs in the allelic series attenuate the drastic effects of this key SNP. Bioinformatic, proteomic, mutational and functional high-throughput analyses allowed us to define regulatory sequence motifs and identify SR protein family members (SRSF1, SRSF2) and HMGA1 as factors involved in the regulation of OLR1 AS. Our results suggest that antagonism between SRSF1 and SRSF2/HMGA1, and differential recognition of their regulatory motifs depending on the identity of the rs3736234 polymorphism, influence OLR1 exon 5 inclusion and the efficiency of Ox-LDL uptake, with potential implications for atherosclerosis and coronary disease.