bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SCIENTIFIC AXES OF DETERMINING DEPENDENCES OF CUTTING THEORY IN ALGORITHMS IN IMPLEMENTATION OF NEURON NETWORKS OF FORMATION PROCESSES
Authors: Ravska Natalya , Parnenko Valeriya , Hasanov Magomedemin , Zakovorotnіy Alexander , Klochko Oleksandr
Published: November 2023

The scientific basis of determining the dependencies of cutting theory is a complex structural system that is accompanied by many different physical phenomena. These include plastic deformations, friction, vibrations, thermal, chemical, etc., which are mainly determined by the machine tool, the tool, and the material being processed. To a large extent, the efficiency of the cutting process depends on the management of this process. Recently, artificial neural networks (ANNs) are used to control technological processes and represent a mathematical model with its software or hardware implementation. These models are nothing more than the dependence between the studied input factors and output parameters. They are suitable only for managing processes in the analyzed range of variables and reveal the essence of the "black box", i.e. phenomena accompanying them. The creation of neural networks based on the phenomena accompanying the analyzed technological process opens up wide opportunities for optimal management of its parameters with further correction of the system. This approach will significantly increase the accuracy of management, reduce costs for training and implementation of management. The creation of such ANNs on the example of the cutting process is an actual problem and its solution is of great practical importance.
GASANOV M.I., PERMYAKOV O.A., SHELKOVIY O.M., ZAKOVOROTNYI O.Y., KLOCHKO O.O. PROBLEMS OF RESTORATION OF THE FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES OF THE OPERATION OF LARGE-DIMENSIONAL GEARS
Authors: Magomedemin Hasanov , Permyakov Alexandr , Shelkovyi Oleksandr , Zakovorotnіy Alexander , Klochko Oleksandr
Published: November 2023

The scientific basis of the mechanisms of the formation of errors of large-sized gear wheels indicates that the elementary errors of the systems of tooth processing operations are characterized by random numerical characteristics that determine the amount and nature of the entry into the corresponding complex components, which, in turn, interacting with each other, determine the studied errors of large-sized gear wheels . The researched heavy-duty gear drives of machines, during the design of which strict requirements are put forward to minimize their dimensions, weight and cost. The implementation of these strict requirements leads to a significant increase in the specific power load, and the requirement to maximize the performance of the machines leads to an increase in the speed characteristics of the drive and the dynamic nature of the external load of the gears is investigated. Increasing the durability of machine drives is one of the most important (along with increasing productivity and reducing cost) requirements for machine design, which is largely ensured by increasing the life of the main parts of the drive and, first of all, by increasing the wear resistance of their contact surfaces. Ensuring high wear resistance of gears is necessary not only to prevent breakage due to a reduction in the working cross-section of parts due to their wear, but also to reduce the impact of wear on the quality parameters of machines - noise level, positioning accuracy of robotic systems, and the accuracy of manufactured products.
FUNCTIONAL RELATIONSHIP OF THE PROCESSING CONDITIONS WITH PARAMETERS OF THE CONDITION OF THE SURFACES OF RAIL TEETH
Authors: Yurchyshyn Oksana , Piven Larisa , Skidan Natalia , Permiakov Yehor , Mironenko Oleh , Yurieva Mariia
Published: November 2023

A significant number of mechanical methods, machines, tools and materials for processing toothed rails determines wide possibilities in ensuring the formation of the parameters of the surface layer of the latter and determines their operational properties. Therefore, the issue of ensuring the operational properties of toothed rails depending on the parameters of the condition of the surface layer of the rails is relevant. In order to successfully solve this problem, the theoretical aspects of the relationship between the parameters of the state of the surface layer of the rails and the processes of their processing are considered.

In contrast to well-known studies, which provided for the identification of general aspects of the connection of individual parameters of the surface layer of rails with the conditions of their processing, the authors proposed the feasibility of considering the dependence of the system of parameters of the surface layer, which determine the operational properties of toothed rails, with the conditions of their processing. This relationship is expressed in mathematical dependencies, which are the basis for the development of algorithms and programs. As a result, the solution of one of the main tasks of calculating the optimal processing processes, taking into account the provision of the necessary parameters of the state of the surface layer of toothed rails, based on their operational properties, is automated. In support of this direction, the fundamental scientific principles of the theory of geometric three-dimensional modeling of the interconnected processes of allowance removal and forming during cutting have been developed.
TECHNOLOGICAL SUPPORT OF CONTOUR POLISHING IN THE RESTORATION OF PAINT COATINGS OF COMPLEX SURFACES
Authors: Dmytriiev Dmytro , Chursov Serhii , Osadchuk Vasyl , Rusanov Serhii
Published: November 2023

The article considers the cluster model for describing the polishing of non-metallic materials in relation to paint coatings applied to surfaces of complex geometry. In particular, technical means of contour polishing of coatings of non-metallic layers of car body elements with the use of mechatronic modules from CNC are proposed, which reproduce the movements and modes of polishing that were previously performed manually. On the basis of consideration of the problem of destruction of paint coatings of car bodies and analysis of the literature on the study of physical and mechanical processes of forming parts from non-metallic materials with a tool using polishing pastes and studying the laws of this process, the polishing ability of various polishing pastes was investigated. The geometric criteria of the quality of self-polishing of paint coatings with a formalized provision of the interrelationship of the width of the artificial scratch applied by a diamond tetrahedral pyramid with the depth and shape of the artificial scratch before and after polishing are proposed. A wide range of speed, power, and rheological factors of polishing body surfaces with double curvature were considered, but thermal and mechano-chemical processes were not established. Data on the effectiveness of polishing pastes and the quality of restored paint coatings of the car were obtained as a result of the performance of a scientific service commissioned by the Kherson PE "InterSklad" enterprise. Samples of polishing pastes of the abrasive fraction and the composition of the solvent were determined, which should meet the conditions of manual polishing, and the corresponding auto cosmetic products were put into production. A test methodology has been developed that allows you to determine in a short time the effectiveness and modes of polishing mixtures for the elimination of mechanical damage to the paintwork of cars.
Analysis of the application of modern means of detection and measurement of carbon monoxide when using alternative sources of electricity supply during the war in Ukraine
Authors: Khondak Inna , Berezutska Nataliia , Stytsenko Tetiana
Published: November 2023

The article examines the impact of carbon monoxide on the human body, as well as the necessity of its detection and measurement. Carbon monoxide poisoning is very dangerous for human health and is accompanied by negative consequences and requires the implementation of new means of its timely detection and measurement. The article identifies the main sources of carbon monoxide, as well as assesses its impact on public health. The choice of modern means of detecting and measuring carbon monoxide is an important and necessary component of protecting people in modern realities. The work examines and analyzes the technical capabilities of modern cpaabilities of determining the level of carbon monoxide, defines the main models of carbon monoxide detectors, and also classifies and systematizes the peculiarities of their operation. The most convenient and practical portable carbon monoxide sensor. It does not require stationary installation. This is especially important in closed rooms, where carbon monoxide poisoning can occur instantly. The article analyzes literary sources in the field of the main types of alternative energy sources used in Ukraine during emergency and planned blackouts, as well as the dangers associated with them. The influence of dangerous and harmful factors affecting the human body during the use of these devices is considered: power banks, generators, batteries and inverters. The analysis of scientific research on ensuring safety when using alternative energy sources in domestic premises, private and multi-story buildings, factories, underground passages and storages was performed. The features of each type of modern signaling devices are analyzed. Recommendations are provided for the selection of modern means of detecting and measuring carbon monoxide.
Optimization of flexible thin-film photovoltaic converters based on CdS/CdTe heterosystem for integration with solar thermal collectors
Authors: Shkoda Dmytro , Zaitsev Roman , Kirichenko Mykhailo , Minakova Kseniia , Leliuk Stanislav , Khrypunov Mykhailo
Published: November 2023

The paper introduces the concept of a photoenergy system based on film photovoltaic converters using the CdS/CdTe heterosystem. The goal is to develop a design solution for a flexible thin-film photovoltaic converter system that can be directly mounted on a heat collector plate, integrating photovoltaic converters with thermal collector systems. The paper highlights the limitations of traditional silicon-based photovoltaic converters and propose using flexible photovoltaic converters based on CdS/CdTe, which have concentrated absorption within the visible range and allow unobstructed flow of long-wave solar radiation for efficient thermal energy generation. The paper discusses the methods of obtaining samples of flexible photovoltaic converter ITO/CdS/CdTe/Cu/Au solar cells, including the deposition of layers on polyimide films, chloride treatment, and annealing processes. Analysed the impact of the “chloride” treatment on the structural and optical characteristics of the base layers and present the overall appearance of the thin-film photovoltaic converter samples. The structural analysis of the cadmium telluride films is conducted using X-ray diffractometry techniques, while the optical properties are investigated using a spectrophotometer. The light-voltage characteristics of the photovoltaic converter samples are measured under illumination conditions, and various output parameters and characteristics of the photovoltaic converter are determined. The authors emphasize the significance of optimizing the performance of the cadmium telluride layer in the flexible photovoltaic converter structure and discuss the variation of technological parameters to enhance efficiency. Paper presents the output parameters and light diode characteristics corresponding to different thickness ranges of the CdS layer. Overall, this paper provides valuable insights into the development of flexible film photovoltaic converters based on the CdS/CdTe heterosystem for integrated photovoltaic and thermal collector systems. The experimental methods and results contribute to the understanding of optimizing the performance of the photovoltaic converters and offer potential applications for autonomous heat supply systems.
ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENTIAL RELAY PROTECTION ALGORITHMS AND THEIR MODELLING IN MATLAB
Authors: Cherkashyna Veronika , Tsyupa Vladyslav
Published: November 2023

The paper is devoted to identifying the prospects for software implementation of differential relay protection. The purpose of this study was to analyse the algorithms of the devices' operation, which allowed to create a mathematical model in the MATLAB software environment with the prospect of integration in the form of a single regional relay protection server into the unified energy system of Ukraine. It has been established that virtual models have both advantages and disadvantages compared to digital-analog devices. Their positive feature is that, due to the block principle of construction, it is possible to easily change not only the parameters but also the configuration of the primary network. The disadvantage is that the configuration of virtual protections differs from the configuration of their prototypes - real relays and terminals. The article evaluates the existing, widely used methodology and considers the actual algorithms of two-stage differential relay protection. It is established that differential protection has two stages: 1 - fast-acting differential current cut-off; 2 - sensitive differential current protection with inhibition from through current and recovery from magnetisation current surges. A simplified diagram of a fragment of the electrical system and differential relay protection of a transformer are developed and presented in MATLAB. The algorithms are considered in detail, and it is established that with their help and with the help of the considered principles of differential protection in the Simulink package, the logic of the model is implemented similarly to the logic of microprocessor-based transformer protection "RS-83DT2" of RZA Systems LLC, SPAD 346 C of ABB. Based on the modelling results, the oscillograms of primary currents of normal mode and emergency modes with external and internal short circuits are obtained. The conclusions establish the prospects of using this model and algorithms for the development of a software solution for the relay protection server and for future integration into the integrated power system.
INCREASING THE RELIABILITY OF ELECTRIC POWER FACILITIES THROUGH THE USE OF UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES
Authors: Grib Oleg , Karpaliuk Igor , Luka Oleksiy , Kaurkin Yevgen
Published: November 2023

The issue of increasing the reliability of the operation of facilities in the energy system of Ukraine is being considered. It is shown that the electric power complex of Ukraine has significant levels of depreciation, which, in turn, leads to an increase in the number of emergency conditions, an increase in the time of post-accident recovery, and as a result, a decrease in the reliability of power supply in general. Accordingly, the loss of electrical energy will be the more, the higher the wear of systems and equipment. Maintenance costs must also increase to keep the power system within regulatory requirements for high wear equipment. Outdated and worn-out equipment leads to an increase in energy losses, an increase in the cost of maintaining the state of working capacity and, as a result, financial losses. Reduction of electricity losses on worn-out equipment cannot be carried out instantly and radically due to the impossibility of the Ukrainian economy to upgrade power equipment in a short time. The authors propose to reduce financial losses by reducing the cost of maintaining existing equipment. And it is proposed to do this through the use of modern technologies, namely the use of UAVs for monitoring power equipment. It is proposed to pay attention to only one parameter, namely the uninterrupted operation of power facilities. Thus, for network companies monitoring the technical condition of lines and control of isolation means is the main type of monitoring. Density of failures of equipment operation is built in graphical form, where a normalized number of inspections is presented, based on reliability requirements. The number of inspections is calculated according to regulatory documents. The paper shows that the graph of the change in the probability of failure-free operation is not straight. Therefore, the frequency of inspections cannot use the frequency that is not related to the wear and tear of the equipment. And to maintain the level of reliability, it is necessary to increase the number of inspections to ensure the standard level of reliability. Therefore, the authors propose to reduce costs with an increased number of inspections using UAVs. The above economic calculations show the high economic efficiency of such a proposal.
The Description of Students’ Creativity and Motivation in Physics: Introducing Madurese Local Wisdom “Karapan Sapi” as Ethnophysics Learning Media
Authors: Mirsa Fara Raditya , Islamiyah Ahla Nurul , Rizki Iqbal Ainur , Saputri Aulia Dwi , Ramadani Riski , Habibulloh Muhammad
Published: November 2023

Creative thinking skills are one of the important abilities in the 21st century because they play an important role for individuals in approaching the solution of daily life problems. The importance of creativity in education demands an effort to foster this skill in various learning activities. However, teachers tend to still not apply learning activities that can train creativity by design. Ethnoscience-based learning based on the local wisdom of Madura karapan sapi can be an alternative solution in overcoming these problems. Therefore, this research aims to describe students’ creativity and motivation as well as explore the potential of karapan sapi as a physics learning media. The research design used was mixed-method exploratory with quantitative methods of one-shot case study and survey to 37 students of SMAN 3 Sidoarjo combined with interviews and observations to the owner of the bull race. The results showed that students still have a creativity score of 9.51 or at low criteria. Meanwhile, more than 75% of students claimed to lack motivation to learn physics. To remediate this, the application of cow race tradition in physics learning makes students closer and feel more contextualized in understanding physics concepts in order to increase their creativity and motivation.
TRADISI GHATIB BEGHANYUT SEBUAH PERADABAN ISLAM PADA MASYARAKAT SIAK SRI INDRAPURA, RIAU
Authors: Roza Ellya , Ayudia Pama Sindi , Inayah Pama Violeta , Bin Nik Hasan Nik Abdul Rakib
Published: November 2023

This paper is the result of research that aims to reveal the ghatib beghanyut tradition carried out by the people of Siak Sri Indrapura as the implementation of Islamic civilization. Siak Sri Indrapura as a Malay 'palace country' has a religious cultural heritage from the Siak Kingdom, which is still practiced today. The implementation of ghatib beghanyut is led by the ulama and is carried out jointly between the community and the leadership. This paper is an exploratory field research to get data about ghatib beranyut while this type of research is descriptive qualitative. The data collection technique was through observation, interviews and documentation, after which a content analysis was carried out. The results of the study found that ghatib beghanyut is a ritual tradition carried out by the people of Siak Sri Indrapura to reject the calamities that befell the community and the village. Rejecting reinforcements is done by means of remembrance and prayer on a boat while drifting without being rowed to follow the flow of the river by involving the community and state leaders. Dhikr and prayers are guided by local clerics. Ghatib beghanyut is the pronunciation of the Siak Sri Indrapura community which comes from the word 'ratib berhanyut'. The ghatib beghanyut tradition can be said to be the implementation of Islamic civilization which has fused with the people of Siak Sri Indrapura as a Malay country. Malay identical to Islam is a statement that is inherent and formed in its religious traditions and culture so that it becomes an important part in the development of sharia tourism promotion in Siak Regency where the implementation of this tradition involves umara, ulama and the community. The procession is full of remembrance and prayer to Allah SWT so that the people of Siak Sri Indrapura are always in a religious nuance that builds Islamic cultural behavior including always praying, believing in Allah's grace, trying to avoid disease, and strengthening brotherhood and unity.
Using the benefit-harm trade-off method to determine the smallest worthwhile effect of intensive motor training on strength for people with spinal cord injury.
Authors: Harvey Lisa , Tranter Keira , Glinsky Joanne , Ben Marsha , Patterson Helen , Blecher Lynn , Chu Jackie
Published: November 2023

Study design: Interviews using the benefit-harm trade-off method and an online survey.
Objectives: To determine the smallest worthwhile effect (SWE) of motor training on strength for people with spinal cord injury (SCI).
Setting: SCI units, Australia
Methods: Forty people with recent SCI who had participated in motor training as part of their rehabilitation program (patient participants) and 37 physiotherapists (physiotherapist participants) working in SCI were recruited. The patient participants underwent an iterative process using the benefit-harm trade-off method to determine the SWE of motor training on strength. The physiotherapist participants were given an online survey to determine the SWE for five different scenarios. Both groups considered the SWE of a physiotherapy intervention involving an additional 12 hours of motor training for 10 weeks on top of usual care. They were required to estimate the smallest improvement in strength (points on the Total Motor Score within the International Standards for Neurological Classification of SCI) to justify the effort and associated costs, risks or inconveniences of the motor training.
Results: The median (interquartile range) smallest improvement in strength that patient and physiotherapist participants deemed worth the effort and associated costs, risks or inconveniences of the motor training was 3 (1 to 5) points, and 9 (7 to 13) points, respectively.
Conclusions: People with recent SCI are willing to devote 12 hours a week for 10 weeks of motor training in addition to their usual care to gain small changes in strength. Physiotherapists wanted to see greater improvements to justify the intervention.
Reinforcement Learning for Efficient Bus Priority Systems: Balancing Transit Efficiency and Traffic Impact
Authors: Kampitakis Emmanouil , Katzilieris Konstantinos , Vlahogianni Eleni I.
Published: November 2023

In this research, two innovative and adaptive bus prioritization strategies are presented; Adaptive Bus Lanes with Intermittent Priority (A-BLIP) and Bus Lane Density Control (BLDC). Both strategies harness the potential of connected vehicles and Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) communication and aim to enhance the reliability and efficiency of bus operations. Trained through reinforcement learning, they consider buses as intelligent local regulators of traffic, making informed decisions to strike a balance between optimizing bus operations and ensuring the smooth flow of vehicular traffic, based on the specific priorities set by the urban transportation authorities. An intelligent A-BLIP bus agent is trained to dynamically adjust the length of “exclusion zones” based on real-time information on bus delays and traffic conditions, while a BLDC agent controls the density of vehicles within bus lane sections. The strategies are evaluated in a multi-agent setting under various traffic and public transport demand scenarios and compared against the dedicated bus lanes strategy and mixed traffic conditions. The results demonstrate that both A-BLIP and BLDC closely approximate mixed traffic conditions' (i.e., when no restrictions are applied) impact on vehicular traffic while significantly improving bus operations. The strategies' adaptability and performance in extreme scenarios make them promising solutions for enhancing urban transportation management and promoting more sustainable mobility choices.
Identification of epigenetic silencing of the SFRP2 gene in Colorectal Cancer as a Clinical Biomarker and Molecular significance
Authors: MACIAS-GONZALEZ MANUEL , BOUGHANEM HATIM , PILO JESUS , GARCIA-FLORES LIBIA ALEJANDRA , arranz isabel , RAMOS-FERNANDEZ MARIA , ORTEGA-CASTAN MARIA , CRUJEIRAS ANA BELEN , SANDOVAL JUAN
Published: November 2023

This study hypothesized that investigating the promoter methylation of SFRP2 gene in various biological samples from patients with CRC could offer novel biomarker utility. Methods: The study examined SFRP2 gene expression and methylation in both healthy individuals and CRC patients. We assessed the comprehensive biomarker description value of SFRP2 in CRC, validated SFRP2 expression and methylation in diverse biological tissues, and evaluated its potential role as a biomarker in CRC. Furthermore, we investigated the effects of rhSFRP2 on cell proliferation, migration, and the expression of key genes associated with carcinogenesis and the Wnt pathway. RESULTS SFRP2 promoter methylation in whole blood significantly predicted cancer stage, lymph node invasion, and cancer recurrence in CRC patients (p<0.05). The global SFRP2 gene was found to be hypomethylated in CRC (p<0.001), and these results were validated in the TCGA-COAD and TCGA-READ cohorts. Promoter SFRP2 DNA methylation was responsive to chemotherapy, with treated CRC patients exhibiting lower SFRP2 methylation compared to untreated CRC patients (p<0.001). Low promoter SFRP2 methylation in untreated patients was linked to poor overall survival (p<0.05). In a functional analysis of a cell system, rhSFRP2 treatment in HCT116 cells restrained cell proliferation and migration, and led to the downregulation of the AXIN2 gene, which is implicated in the Wnt signaling pathway. Conclusion: These findings establish SFRP2 as a prospective gene in CRC, with potential utility in clinical settings, and provide molecular insights into its involvement in colorectal carcinogenesis, offering novel therapeutic approaches for CRC.
Precision Diagnosis of Chronic Kidney Disease: Genetics Makes the Difference
Authors: Garcia Maria del Mar Del Aguila , Andujar Antonio M Poyatos , Garcia Ana I Morales , Diaz Maria Luz Bellido , Pino Maria del Carmen Velazquez de Castro del , Soto Juan Antonio Bravo , Rosa Rafael J Esteban de la
Published: November 2023

A significant number of renal patients suffer from some hereditary nephropathy and are unaware of it. The information we have, derived from the clinical history and imaging tests, may be adequate to diagnose cases such as autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), but insufficient to diagnose other pathologies and at this point, molecular study provides support. We analyse the agreement between clinical and genetic diagnosis in 383 patients with renal disease to evaluate the usefulness of molecular analysis as a tool to reach an accurate diagnosis. Genetic testing was performed by massive sequencing on probands with chronic renal disease and suspected genetic cause from 2018 to 2022. Clinical-genetic diagnostic agreement in patients with ADPKD was 45%, however, in other less prevalent inherited pathologies, such as Alport syndrome drops to 26%, perhaps due to their diverse phenotypic spectrum, where autosomal dominant inheritance pattern is the most frequent. Additionally, we report the history of a family with hereditary chronic kidney disease where different clinical were proposed. The molecular study identified a new variant in COLA4A gene, present in heterozygosity in all affected individuals and the diagnosis of AS was pointed out. Genetics offers an approach to precision diagnosis of renal disease. Its availability helps clinician to better classify individuals and families, makes it easier for patients to participate in specific clinical trials and to choose reproductive options that prevent the transmission of the disease to offspring, which will contribute to reducing the frequency of hereditary nephropathy in the future.
The gender influence on popliteal angle and dorsiflexion in junior high school students
Authors: Pietrzak Krzysztof , Bania Artur , Nowocień Krzysztof , Kraszewski Bartosz , Wiernicka Marzena
Published: November 2023

Background:
The aim of the study was to assess factors affecting the popliteal angle and foot dorsiflexion, in particular gender. The subjects were 142 students from the 2nd and 3rd year of Poznań junior high schools.
Methods:
The participants included 57 girls and 87 boys. Three raters examined each subject: a specialist in orthopaedics, a resident doctor and a physical therapy student.
Foot dorsal flexion was tested in a supine position with lower limbs extended. Next, dorsal flexion was evaluated with the knee and hip in 90 degrees of flexion. Finally, a passive knee extension (PKE) test was carried out. The significance of the PKE test is that the lower the angle the more flexible the hamstrings. This is because the PKE measurement is the distance to the right angle, that is a full knee extension with the hip flexed.
Results:
The non-parametric test (Mann-Whitney) and the Student’s t-test showed a correlation between the female gender and the popliteal angle (p <.05000). The correlation was negative, which means that the hamstrings are more flexible in girls. No correlation was found between gender and passive foot dorsiflexion and dorsiflexion with a flexed hip and knee.
Conclusions:
Girls between 13 and 15 years old have a significantly larger hamstring flexibility, which is confirmed by the tests of the popliteal angle. No differences were found in dorsiflexion between girls and boys who have not been trained using a training model.
NiCo2S4/rGO composite electrode material derived from CO-based MOFs for high-efficiency hybrid supercapacitors
Authors: ZHAO Ji-wei , WEI Zhi-qiang , WANG Can , ZHOU Mei-pan , Lu Cheng-gong
Published: November 2023

The Co-based organic skeleton was combined with graphene oxide (GO) as a precursor, Ni2+ hydrolysis etching was introduced, and finally, NiCo-LDH was obtained. The final composite electrode material NiCo2S4/rGO was obtained by high-temperature vulcanization. The introduction of MOFs and rGO significantly increased the specific surface area of the material and made it have excellent electrochemical properties. The specific capacitance of the composite NiCo2S4/20rGO reaches an astonishing 2452.65 F g− 1 when the current density is 1 A g− 1. In addition, at a large current of 10 A g− 1, the specific capacitance of the material can also reach 1250 F g− 1, and after a long cycle of 5000 cycles at such a current density, the capacity remains at the original 73.2%. With NiCo2S4/20rGO electrode material as the positive electrode and activated carbon as the negative electrode, the hybrid supercapacitor is assembled. At an energy density of 56.9 Wh kg− 1, its power density reaches an excellent 799 W kg− 1, and it still has a capacity retention rate of 74% at a current density of 10 A g− 1. The excellent properties of composites demonstrated in this work open up new possibilities for high-quality energy storage devices.
Genetic characterization of a novel Salinicola salarius isolate applied for the bioconversion of agro-industrial wastes into polyhydroxybutyrate
Authors: Abdelrahman Shymaa A. , Barakat Olfat S. , Ahmed Marwa N.
Published: November 2023

Background
PHB is of significant concern due to its potential applications as green alternatives to traditional petrochemical-based plastics. In the present study, a new strain of Salinicola salarius, a halophilic bacterium, was isolated from the New Suez Canal in Egypt and characterized exclusively as a potential PHB producer. Further analysis of the ES021 genome was conducted to identify and elucidate the genes involved in PHB production.
Results
Different PHB-producing marine bacteria were isolated from the New Suez Canal and characterized as PHB producers. Among the 17 bacterial isolates, Salinicola salarius ES021 strain showed the capability to accumulate the highest amount of PHB. Whole genome analysis was implemented to identify the PHB-related genes in Salinicola salarius ES021 strain. Putative genes were identified that can function as phaCAB genes to produce PHB in this strain. These genes include fadA, fabG, and P3W43_16340 (encoding acyl-CoA thioesterase II) for PHB production from glucose. For PHB production from fatty acids, phaJ and fadB are involved. Environmental factors such as aeration and incubation temperature were optimized to attain high productivity of PHB. The results showed that growing Salinicola salarius ES021 strain at 30°C on a shaker incubator (110 rpm) for 48 h resulted in the highest PHB productivity. To maximize PHB production, different raw materials i.e., salted whey and molasses were examined as cheap carbon sources. The PHB productivity was increased two-fold (13.34 g/l) when using molasses (5% sucrose) as a fermentation media. This molasses medium was used to upscale PHB production in a 20 L stirred-tank bioreactor yielding a biomass of 25.12 g/l, and PHB of 12.88 g/l. Furthermore, the produced polymer was confirmed as PHB using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) analysis.
Conclusions
Herein, Salinicola salarius ES021 strain was demonstrated as a high natural producer of PHB from agro-industrial wastes. A detailed genome characterization of the ES021 strain showing the PHB-related genes was presented in this study. However, further metabolic engineering is required to confirm the gene networks required for PHB production in this strain.
Zinc homeostasis plays important roles in hypoxia tolerance, a study conducted clinically and in vitro
Authors: Guo Yan , Yu Chao , Lu Zhongsheng , Zhang Menglan , Liu Xiao , Zhang Qiang
Published: November 2023

Objective: To investigate the relationship between zinc homeostasis and hypoxia tolerance.
Methods: Healthy individuals from highland (4500-5000 m, the QH group) and plain (0-200 m, the HH group), as well as high-altitude cerebral edema (HACE) patients. Blood samples were analyzed and transcriptome sequenced. Develop hypoxic model in human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMECs), intervene with zinc.
Results: The HACE group demonstrated significant changes in blood transcriptome. Out of over 4000 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) (|log2FC|>2, padj<0.05), more than 300 DEGs were zinc-related, with only the CA1 mRNA being upregulated (log2FC=5.84). Other zinc-related genes showed a more than fourfold reduction in transcription levels, including various zinc-containing enzymes and zinc transport proteins (ZTPs). Compared to QH, the RBC of HACE showed no change (5.6 vs 5.7, P>0.05). However, Hb (147 vs 195) and plasma zinc (37.0 vs 94.0) were reduced, while CA1 (55.4 vs 8.6) and HIF-1α (260 vs 48) were elevated (P<0.01). In vitro studies confirmed that hypoxic exposure (O2 8-8.5%, 24 h) hindered HBMECs proliferation and migration, increased apoptosis and necrosis, and resulted in abnormal expression of CA1 and various ZTPs. Zinc intervention (6 μM, 24 h) significantly reduced these adverse effects, enhancing the cell's tolerance to hypoxia.
Conclusion: During low oxygen periods, the increase in RBC and Hb needs ample zinc and balanced homeostasis. Lack of zinc can disrupt this balance, alter transport proteins and enzyme expression, and possibly lead to severe conditions like HACE. Therefore, maintaining zinc balance is crucial for tolerance to low oxygen.
Lysosomal and synaptic dysfunction markers in longitudinal cerebrospinal fluid spanning from healthy subjects to prodromal and manifest Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Bartl Michael , nilsson johanna , Dakna Mohammed , Weber Sandrina , Schade Sebastian , Xylaki Mary , Gomes Barbara , Ernst Marielle , Muntean Maria-Lucia , Sixel-Döring Friederike , Trenkwalder Claudia , Zetterberg Henrik , Brinkmalm Ann , Mollenhauer Brit
Published: November 2023

Lysosomal and synaptic dysfunctions are hallmarks in multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease (PD) and could be relevant from a biomarker perspective. Biomarker data on prodromal and early PD are not yet available. We performed targeted mass spectrometry measurements cross-sectionally and longitudinally over 10 years with an established biomarker panel, assessing autophagy and synaptic function in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in prodromal subjects with isolated REM sleep behavior disorder (iRBD), drug-naïve de novo PD subjects at baseline, and sex- and age-matched healthy controls. Multiple markers of autophagy, synaptic plasticity, and secretory pathways showed reduced expression in PD and iRBD compared to controls. Machine learning identified neuronal pentraxin receptor and neurosecretory protein VGF as the most relevant for discriminating between groups. CSF levels of LAMP2, neuronal pentraxins, and syntaxins correlated with clinical progression and showed predictive potential for motor- and non-motor symptoms as a valid basis for future drug trials.
Acute leukemia diagnosis through AI-enhanced ATR-FTIR spectroscopy of peripheral blood smear
Authors: Lee Michael , Sy Charles Eryll , Mesina Flordeluna , Caguioa Priscilla , Castillo Ma. Rosario Irene , Bangaoil Ruth , Punay Jeanny , Cobarrubias Mariella Cielo , Tomas Rock Christian , Albano Pia Marie
Published: November 2023

Background
Acute leukemia is a highly perilous cancer, currently diagnosed using invasive procedures like bone marrow aspirate and biopsy (BMA/BMB). There is the pressing need for non-invasive, reagent-free diagnostic approaches with exceptional sensitivity and specificity. Hence, this study explored the potential of combining attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy and artificial intelligence (AI) for diagnosing acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and acute myelogenous leukemia (AML).
Methods
The study analyzed the spectral data from 50 healthy individuals and 50 BMA/BMB-confirmed acute leukemia patients. Six trained models were used to assess the diagnostic performance, focusing on accuracy, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, F1-score, and area under the ROC curve (AUC). Spectral peak patterns were examined in the 1800 𝑐𝑚−1 to 850 𝑐𝑚−1 range.
Results
Of the six (6) trained models, the SVM model showed remarkable diagnostic performance, including accuracy, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, F1-score and AUC of 83%, 80%, 86%, 82.47% and 90.76%, respectively. Leukemia and healthy blood samples exhibited distinguishable spectral peak patterns in the amides I and II, glycogen, and phosphorylated protein regions.
Conclusion
This study underscores the potential of AI-enhanced FTIR spectroscopy as a valuable adjunct diagnostic tool for acute leukemia. By providing a less invasive and faster alternative to BMA/BMB, this approach offers the possibility of enhancing leukemia diagnosis and ultimately improving patient outcomes through efficient and minimally intrusive diagnostic practices, especially in pediatric and geriatric cases.
Q-Pandora Unboxed: Characterizing Noise Resilience of Quantum Error Correction Codes
Authors: Chatterjee Avimita , Das Subrata , Ghosh Swaroop
Published: November 2023

Quantum error correction codes (QECCs) are crucial for quantum computing, protecting quantum states from noise and errors. This paper compares rotated and unrotated surface codes in different error types and noise models using simulations. Rotated codes outperform with higher thresholds and lower qubit overhead. The study finds QECC noise thresholds surpassing error rates in current quantum processors. Surface code implementation shows a hierarchy based on error or noise types, emphasizing resource demands. Our analysis ranks code-capacity as the most pessimistic and circuit-level as the most realistic model. The research underscores customizing surface codes to hardware needs and balancing reliability with qubit resources, highlighting the importance of addressing qubit efficiency and surface code overhead challenges.
Unveiling the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on quality indicators of leprosy services in Brazil: an ecological study
Authors: de Souza Carlos Dornels Freire , Machado Melina , Ferreira Ana Carolina Furtado , Aragão José Alves Souza , Fernandes Tânia Rita Moreno Oliveira , Matos Thais Silva , Silva Tarcísio Fulgêncio Alves , Santos Márcio Bezerra , Santos Allan Dantas , Carmo Rodrigo Feliciano
Published: November 2023

Background
The COVID-19 pandemic has affected health services around the world. As a result, the control of endemic infectious diseases has been significantly hampered. This study aimed to quantify the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on quality indicators of leprosy services in Brazil in 2020 and 2021.
Methods
This is an ecological study with 3 indicators: 1- Proportion of new leprosy cases with degree of physical disability assessed at diagnosis; 2- Proportion of contacts of new cases examined; 3- Proportion of leprosy cured among new cases. To determine the impact, the percentage of variation was used, taking into account the values of the indicators expected for 2020 and 2021, using the average of the last five years, and the values observed in the same years. The impact was quantified as a percentage.
Results
Brazil's performance in the three indicators analyzed was considered regular (between ≥ 75% and 89.9%), both in the pre-pandemic period and in the first two years. In the assessment of the degree of physical disability, the number of countries with a proportion greater than 90% decreased from 11 (expected value) to 7 (in 2020) and 9 (in 2021). In the evaluation of contacts, four states were expected to achieve the target (> 90%), but only three achieved the indicator in 2020 and one in 2021 (Tocantins). As for the cure rate, four states were expected to achieve values above 90%, but only three did so in 2020 and two in 2021.
Conclusion
The study showed a negative impact on the quality indicators of leprosy services in Brazil, which was more pronounced in 2021 (for contact examination and cure indicators) than in 2020, making it even more difficult to control the disease in the country.
Health information delivery to patients at risk of having a small for gestational age/growth restricted baby in Aotearoa New Zealand: what can we learn from lived experience?
Authors: James Joanna , Ngauamo Maria Juliet , Baard Caitlin , Jacobsen Mystie , Burgess Wendy , Clark Alys , Oyston Charlotte , McCool Judith
Published: November 2023

Introduction: The importance of access to reliable information during pregnancy is heightened in pregnancy complications. Impaired fetal growth (including small for gestational age (SGA) and growth restricted (FGR) fetuses) affects up to 10% of pregnancies and is associated with increased risk of morbidity and mortality. However, there is a paucity of accessible, evidence-based, information to support parents told their baby is not growing as expected.This study sought to explore patient experiences of information provision and seeking during pregnancies at risk of impaired fetal growth.
Methods: Focus groups and individual in-depth interviews (totalling 24 participants from across Aotearoa New Zealand) were conducted and recorded via Zoom. Discussions were led using pre-defined prompts to explore the experiences, preferences, and suggested improvements for information delivery. Interviews were transcribed verbatim, and data underwent inductive thematic analysis.
Results: Participants held expectations that their pregnancy would proceed normally; the majority experienced some level of distress at a diagnosis of complications. Information provided by the clinical team was highly valued, particularly when well curated and delivered with empathy. However, for many, this information needed to be supplemented. Additional, nuanced information was sought through online sources, and this included information on causes of impaired fetal growth, the meaning of medical terminology used, and lived experiences of pregnancy and birth. The timing of information provided by their clinical team impacted participant perceived capacity to comprehend information and their response to it. Participants preferred information to be offered at various times, in a range of forms, each adding to the layering of a more complete understanding of their situation. Preferences for information included being able to access a range of credible information in one place to promote greater coherence between the needs and lived experiences of patients and their healthcare providers.
Conclusions: Timely, nuanced and salient information is extremely important to pregnant people and their families when navigating high-risk clinical pathways during pregnancy. Our results provide guidance on improving informational resources in the context of impaired fetal growth.
Exploring the use of COVID-19 Antigen Rapid Diagnostic Tests among displaced populations in Iraq: findings from a pilot project in four IDP camps
Authors: Ammar Lara Abou , Wolfe Caitlin M. , Nagib Lamiaa , Slebei Mohammed , Shawkat Sezan , Amo Dilman , Abdullah Raveen , Abdulmalik Rawshan , Amin Hiwa Muhammed , Shafiq Huda , Hafthalah Shivan , Qahraman Aso , Mohammed Jirjees , Ghawji Hassan , Satyanarayana Srinath , Wilson Nevin , Sarin Sanjay , Kao Kekeletso , Ghusayni Nellie
Published: November 2023

Background
IOM piloted the use of Ag RDTs for COVID-19 in Iraq, in collaboration with FIND, the Global Alliance for Diagnostics, to facilitate access to testing and understand barriers and opportunities for testing in a displacement context. The purpose was to (i) evaluate the performance metrics of the Sure Status COVID-19 Antigen Card Test in this population; (ii) compare Ag RDT results across high- and low-probability cases, vaccination status, and symptom severity; and (iii) report participant perspectives on Ag RDT use for COVID-19 and other diseases.
Methods
Secondary analysis was conducted using de-identified cross-sectional data collected from November 2022-March 2023 in four IDP camps in the Kurdistan region of Iraq. Data was collected during the recording, reporting, and monitoring processes of the pilot project using Ag RDTs for COVID-19 among displaced populations. Descriptive statistics and bivariate analyses were conducted in Stata (version 17).
Results
The observed performance metrics of the Sure Status Ag RDT were as follows: sensitivity = 72.73% (95% CI: 69.56–75.80%); specificity = 99.74% (95% CI: 99.39–100%), PPV = 92.31% (95% CI: 92.31–94.15%), and NPV = 98.85% (95% CI: 98.11–99.58%). Ag RDT uptake was higher among women and symptomatic individuals, and preference for Ag RDTs was especially strong among illiterate respondents. The overall positivity of Ag RDTs and PCR results in this population remained lower than national averages. Concerningly, 23.39% of respondents declined an Ag RDT because they did not believe in COVID-19.
Conclusions
This pilot program was among the first to explore Ag RDT use in Iraqi Kurdistan. Over 99% of respondents reported satisfaction with their Ag RDT experience, and over 90% wanted to see Ag RDTs available for other diseases. These findings can inform implementation of RDTs and screening protocols for other infectious diseases, and patient perspectives on Ag RDTs for testing and screening of COVID-19 among displaced populations can inform health programming within Iraq and globally.