bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Anxiety and related factors among parents of patients with breast cancer after surgery in Japan: A multi‐informant and multilevel study
Authors: Oshiro Rei , Soejima Takafumi , Tada Keiichiro , Suzuki Miho , Ohno Shinji , Yubune Kuniko , Nakamura Seigo , Fukuchimoto Harumi , Takei Junko , Yamauchi Hideko , Kamibeppu Kiyoko
Published: September 2021

Aim

Anxiety and its correlates in parents of patients with breast cancer have rarely been studied. We explored anxiety among parents of postoperative patients with breast cancer and its relationship with parents' social support and care needs and patients' anxiety.

Methods

A cross‐sectional survey using self‐report questionnaires and medical records was conducted among patients with breast cancer after surgery and their parents at four designated cancer care hospitals between September 2015 and June 2016. Anxiety was measured using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Parents provided information about social support and care needs. Multilevel analysis was performed on patient–parent paired data controlling for patient‐level variation.

Results

Participants included 107 patients, 83 mothers, and 51 fathers. The mean HADS anxiety scores reported by mothers and fathers were 7.2 and 6.5, respectively, which were higher than patients' HADS anxiety scores. Fulfillment of important care needs was related to lower anxiety among mothers and fathers (estimate = −1.38, p = .01). Lower family support and higher patient anxiety were associated with higher anxiety in mothers, but not fathers.

Conclusions

Parents of patients with breast cancer had high anxiety. Communication, providing cancer‐related information, and fulfilling care needs can alleviate anxiety in parents of patients with breast cancer after surgery. Furthermore, increasing family support and decreasing patients' anxiety are essential to alleviating mothers' anxiety.
The breastfeeding experiences of COVID‐19‐positive women: A qualitative study in Turkey
Authors: Aşcı Özlem , Demirgöz Bal Meltem , Ergin Ayla
Published: September 2021

Aim

The aim of the study was to determine the breastfeeding experiences of COVID‐19‐positive women.

Methods

This was a qualitative study of 14 women diagnosed with COVID‐19. One‐to‐one telephone interviews were conducted and recorded. The data were analyzed thematically.

Results

Three main themes were identified. Theme 1 was “increased emotional load,” outlining the emotional effects of the disease in the women, such as feeling sad and inadequate, in addition to anxiety and fear. Theme 2 was “breastfeeding during the disease,” which illustrated the effects of the treatment process on the women, the disease‐related symptoms, their influence on breastfeeding attitudes and behavior, and the effects of social media and television. Theme 3 was “perceived social support and need,” defining the social support perceived and expected by the women during isolation with needs.

Conclusion

Women who could not get the professional support they expected had to face the difficult choice between taking medical treatment and breastfeeding. Many women refused drug treatment for COVID‐19 and continued to breastfeed with all the resultant emotional and physical difficulties, as they believed in the benefits of mother's milk. The experiences of the women were discussed with an approach that enabled developing health care services further. It was concluded that Turkish health care professionals need to develop an evidence‐based and female‐centered approach for COVID‐19 management in breastfeeding women.
Growth and status of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.) stock in Lake Chamo, Ethiopia
Authors: Tesfaye Million , Tesfaye Gashaw , Getahun Abebe
Published: September 2021

Global inland freshwater fisheries support livelihoods for several million people. These important resources, however, are suffering from excessive overfishing as a result of increasing fishing pressures attributable to an increased human population and subsequent demand for food and economic livelihoods. To this end, very little is known about the vital population parameters and stock status of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in Lake Chamo in Ethiopia. Thus, the present study focused on determining the Nile tilapia population parameters and assessing their stock status in Lake Chamo, using length‐frequency and catch‐effort data collected between February 2018 and January 2019 from commercial fish catches from 10 major fish landing sites. The TropFishR software package was used to determine von Bertalanffy growth parameters, and length‐converted catch curve and empirical models were used to calculate mortality parameters. The maximum sustainable yield (MSY) and its corresponding level of effort (f
MSY) were determined using the length‐based Thompson & Bell yield prediction model. The growth parameters L
∞, K and Ф′ of the Nile tilapia stock were found to be 59.4‐cm, 0.41/year and 3.16, respectively. The annual rate of total (Z), natural (M) and fishing mortality (F) were estimated to be 2.442, 0.558 and 1.884/year, respectively. The calculated current yield (711 t/year) is lower than the predicted values of MSY (771 t/year). The present level of fishing effort (2564 nets/day) is more than twice higher than the optimum level of fishing effort (1026 nets/day), clearly indicating overfishing of the Nile tilapia stock in the lake. This finding is also substantiated by the high level of exploitation rate (E = 0.771). Thus, a recommendation based on the results of the present study is a 60% reduction in the fishing effort (1538 nets/day), which will also provide a higher fish yield. The results of the present study also are useful facilitate development of appropriate management strategies for the Nile tilapia fishery in Lake Chamo.
Reduced Emotional Intelligence in Children Aged 9–10 caused by the COVID‐19 Pandemic Lockdown
Authors: Martín‐Requejo Katya , Santiago‐Ramajo Sandra
Published: September 2021

It is necessary to know the influence of the current pandemic situation on children's emotional intelligence (EI). Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the difference in 34 Spanish children's EI (aged 9–10) caused by the lockdown. EI was measured with the BarOn Emotional Intelligence Inventory (EQ‐i:YV). Results have revealed a reduction in EI, specifically on intrapersonal, interpersonal, and adaptability scales (all p < .01). Thus, the study highlights the negative influence of lockdown situation on children's EI and considering the impact this may have at a cognitive, social, or academic level, it would be convenient to promote its development at school.
Diversity begets diversity during community assembly until ecological limits impose a diversity ceiling
Authors: San Roman Magdalena , Wagner Andreas
Published: September 2021

Microbial communities are hugely diverse, but we do not yet understand how species invasions and extinctions drive and limit their diversity. On the one hand, the ecological limits hypothesis posits that diversity is primarily limited by environmental resources. On the other hand, the diversity‐begets‐diversity hypothesis posits that such limits can be easily lifted when new ecological niches are created by biotic interactions. To find out which hypothesis better explains the assembly of microbial communities, we used metabolic modelling. We represent each microbial species by a metabolic network that harbours thousands of biochemical reactions. Together, these reactions determine which carbon and energy sources a species can use, and which metabolic by‐products—potential nutrients for other species—it can excrete in a given environment. We assemble communities by modelling thousands of species invasions in a chemostat‐like environment. We find that early during the assembly process, diversity begets diversity. By‐product excretion transforms a simple environment into one that can sustain dozens of species. During later assembly stages, the creation of new niches slows down, existing niches become filled, successful invasions become rare, and species diversity plateaus. Thus, ecological limitations dominate the late assembly process. We conclude that each hypothesis captures a different stage of the assembly process. Species interactions can raise a community's diversity ceiling dramatically, but only within limits imposed by the environment.
Neurosurgical intervention in children with ventricular assist devices: A single‐center case series review
Authors: Yu Jane , Murray Jenna , Ramamoorthy Chandra , Chen Sharon , Lee Sarah , Ryan Kathleen , Maeda Katsuhide , Navaratnam Manchula
Published: September 2021

Background

The incidence of neurological complications related to ventricular assist devices (VAD) remains high and includes life‐threatening conditions such as intracranial hemorrhage or ischemic stroke. Although no definitive management guidelines exist, operative interventions may be required for major neurological injuries.

Aims

This case series describes the perioperative management of children at a single center who underwent neurosurgical procedures for major intracranial bleeds or ischemic strokes while on VAD support.

Methods

A database review identified all pediatric VAD patients who underwent a neurosurgical procedure for an intracranial hemorrhage or ischemic stroke from April 2014 to January 2020. Data regarding patient characteristics, preoperative medical management, intraoperative anesthetic management, and postoperative outcomes were collected using retrospective chart review.

Results

Ninety VADs were implanted in 78 patients. Five neurosurgical interventions were performed: four for intracranial hemorrhages and one for an ischemic stroke. All four patients with hemorrhages were receiving anticoagulation at the time of their event and the three patients on warfarin received emergent reversal with prothrombin concentrate complex and vitamin K. Three patients also received pre‐procedural platelet transfusions. Two of the five procedures were emergent bedside external ventricular drain placements, and three were surgical operations. All three patients who underwent operative procedures received invasive hemodynamic monitoring and were supported with a combination of inotropes and afterload reduction. One patient required a massive blood product transfusion. The two patients who underwent external ventricular drain placement had no further surgical interventions and died from the severity of their neurological injuries. All three patients who underwent operative procedures survived to transplantation and discharge home.

Conclusions

Perioperative concerns for the anesthesiologist include VAD hemodynamic management, bleeding, VAD thrombosis, and prevention of secondary brain injury. A systematic, multidisciplinary approach to management is paramount to attain favorable outcomes.
Measuring at all scales: sourcing data for more flexible restoration references
Authors: Shackelford Nancy , Dudney Joan , Stueber Melinda M. , Temperton Vicky M. , Suding Katharine L.
Published: September 2021

Restoration has long used the reference concept as a cornerstone in setting targets, designing interventions, and benchmarking success. Following the initial applications of restoration references, however, the definition and broader relevance has been debated. Particularly in an era of directional global change, using historic or even contemporary ecosystem models has been contentious among restoration scientists and practitioners. In response, there have been calls for increasing flexibility in how references are defined and diversifying sources of data used to describe a reference. Previous frameworks suggest reference information can be drawn from sources across two main axes of time and space, covering historic to contemporary sources, and near to far spatial scales. We extend these axes by including future projections of climate and species composition and regional ecological information that is spatially disconnected from defined ecosystem types. Using this new framework, we conducted a review of restoration literature published between 2010 and 2020, extracting the temporal and spatial scales of reference data and classifying reference metrics by data type. The studies overwhelmingly focused on contemporary, ecosystem‐specific references to benchmark a completed project's success. The most commonly reported reference metrics were plant‐based, and contemporary reference data sources were more diverse than historical or future reference data. As global conditions continue to shift, we suggest that restoration projects would benefit by expanding reference site information to include forecasted and spatially diverse data. A greater diversity of data sources can enable higher flexibility and long‐term restoration success in the face of global change.
Gendered Islamophobia: The nature of Hindu and Buddhist nationalism in India and Sri Lanka
Authors: Malji Andrea
Published: September 2021

This article explores the gendered nature of Hindu and Buddhist nationalism in India and Sri Lanka. Nationalist movements have become increasingly prevalent in both countries and frequently rely upon Islamophobic discourse centred around a fear of Muslim expansionism. Specifically, nationalists in each country frame their concerns through a gendered lens concerning Muslim fertility vis‐à‐vis Hindus and Buddhists, religious intermarriage of Muslim men with Hindu/Buddhist women, and the securitization of Muslim women’s clothing choices. Femonationalist rhetoric has also increasingly been utilized by Hindu and Buddhist nationalists to frame Muslim women as victims of Islam’s patriarchal structures and in need of saving by Hindus and Buddhists. This article draws upon original field research in India and Sri Lanka, including interviews with Hindu and Buddhist nationalist groups, their leaders, and Muslim minorities and organizations.
Retracted: Ethnic minority farmers’ perceptions and use of local knowledge to adapt to climate change: Some insights from Vietnam
Authors: Manh Nguyen The , Ahmad Mokbul Morshed
Published: September 2021

Climate change has adversely affected the agricultural activities of farmers in the mountainous regions of Vietnam. This research investigates ethnic minority farmers’ perceptions and use of local knowledge to adapt to climate change. Data were collected from 362 farmers through surveys, key informant interviews and focus group discussions. The binary logit model was employed to examine factors influencing farmers’ perceptions of climate change. The results indicate that farmers have been aware of overall changes in climate—particularly the weather becoming hotter over the last 20 years. Commune locations, education levels, forest area, income, credit, information from smartphones, forest year and attending climate change/natural disaster reduction training were factors that significantly affected farmers’ perceptions of climate change. Our findings suggest that policymakers should consider farmers’ perceptions and local knowledge when designing and formulating mitigation policies.
Explaining the American crisis of policing: Media, malfeasance, and racial prejudice
Authors: Silva Andrea , Esparza Diego
Published: September 2021

Objective

To include the factor of police malfeasance in the crisis of confidence in American police. Further, to explain the role of race, media, and contextual factors on individual perception of police performance. We argue that while the BLM movement was amplified by the deaths of Black people at the hands of police, it originates from the reality that police are continuously engaged in nefarious activities that wear down communities of color extensively.

Methods

Using the 2016 Collaborative Multiracial Post‐Election Survey (CMPS) and data on media reported police malfeasance in 2016 collected from the CATO institute, we explore the relationship between police malfeasance, race, and evaluations of police performance. We create two sets of logit regressions, one for all CMPS respondents and second, disaggregated by race to show the effects of media reported police malfeasance on respondent’s evaluations of police performance.

Results

In the pooled model, we find a positive and significant correlation between poor police performance evaluations and incidences of police malfeasance. Further, substantive increases in the probability of rating police performance as poor are correlated with all respondents when disaggregated by race. We find a significant correlation among Black and White respondents, who are more likely to rate police performance as poor.

Conclusion

Conventional narratives around the Black Lives Matter movement seem to show that deaths at the hands of local law enforcement “created” the BLM movement. We argue that the current delegitimating of police in terms of public support is related directly to police behavior themselves. Police malfeasance increases the likelihood of negative performance evaluations, thus undermining community trust in the police.
Discovery of the HLA‐C*03:561 allele, a variant of HLA‐C*03, in a Chinese individual
Authors: Zhong Yan‐Ping , Zou Hong‐Yan
Published: September 2021

HLA‐C*03:561 differs from HLA‐C*03:02:02:01 by one nucleotide change in exon 4 at position 862 (G>A).
Sex‐dependent correlates of arterial stiffness in Tanzanian adults
Authors: Karand Julie C. , Reis Karl , Stephano Ponsiano F. , Gargurevich Nick , Zhou Joanne , Desderius Bernard , Fadhil Salama , Ladha Yumna , Rosengard Rachel , Kowal Daniel R. , Peck Robert N.
Published: September 2021

Objective

Arterial stiffness is a known indicator for cardiovascular disease. However, the factors that lead to arterial stiffening have primarily been studied in participants from high‐income countries. Here, we examine clinical and lifestyle metrics in relation to arterial stiffness in Tanzanian adults.

Methods

We performed pulse wave velocity (PWV), the gold standard measure of arterial stiffness, on 808 Tanzanian adults (ages 18–65) enrolled in a longitudinal cohort studying trends in blood pressure.

Results

As expected, PWV was strongly associated with age, blood pressure and sex. We controlled for these factors in our statistical analysis. Lifestyle metrics were compared across multiple PWV quantiles. We found that determinants of PWV varied by sex: in female participants, PWV was associated with common obesity metrics and menopause, while in male participants, PWV was associated with HIV status and duration of anti‐retroviral therapy (ART). Further clinical and lifestyle factors such as marriage status and type of occupation were also significantly associated with PWV and moderated by sex.

Conclusion

Together, our data demonstrate the importance of studying sex‐specific causal pathways for arterial stiffness and of including under‐represented populations in these studies.
Challenges in Trade openness, Governance and Industrial Productivity in West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU) Countries
Authors: AYENAGBO Kossi , BOUKARI Mamadou
Published: September 2021

Inward-looking development strategies can lead to marginalization and slow growth especially for the small African domestic markets. However, when weak economies try to participate in the global economy studies in Southeast Asia show they end with significant challenges. Therefore, this paper analyzed the effects of trade openness on industrial development in West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU) countries. However, due to data availability, the study covered seven countries over the 1996 – 2018 period. The pooled-mean group method was used in the analysis. The results of the analysis showed that, in the long run, trade openness did not benefit the development of the industrial sector in all the countries studied. However, in the short run, the results revealed the specificities of each country. These short-run results showed that trade openness has a positive and significant effect on the industry added values observed in countries such as Burkina Faso, Niger and Togo. The results also showed that government inefficiency has a negative impact on the development of the industrial sector in the long -run for all the countries studied. Furthermore, the indicator capturing the degree of freedom of corruption had a positive impact on the development of the industrial sector in the short or long run. Therefore, active engagement with the forces of globalization need strategic approaches in their integration in developing countries.
Student-led rehabilitation groups and clinics in entry-level health education: a scoping review
Authors: Wynne Donna , Cooper Kay
Published: September 2021

Objective:

The purpose of this review was to identify, map, and describe the characteristics of student-led physical rehabilitation groups and clinics in entry-level health education.

Introduction:

Student-led groups and clinics for physical rehabilitation are an emergent phenomenon in entry-level health professional education. Data gathered in this scoping review aimed to provide an understanding of the range and scope of student-led groups and clinics within a physical rehabilitation context, and establish the evaluation undertaken to date from a student, service user, and stakeholder perspective. It also aimed to identify other important factors in the design, execution, and feasibility of the concept. Finally, it aimed to identify gaps in the literature that can be addressed by further research.

Inclusion criteria:

This scoping review considered studies and sources that identify student-led methods for carrying out physical rehabilitation for service users in either an exercise group or clinic environment. Students and groups/clinics on entry-level qualifying courses were considered. The review considered primary and secondary research in any paradigm as well as text and opinion articles.

Methods:

The JBI methodology for conducting scoping reviews was employed. The following databases were searched: MEDLINE, CINAHL, AMED, ERIC, Scopus, and SPORTDiscus. Searches were limited from January 1, 1998, to the date of the search (November 1, 2019). Non-English articles were excluded. To supplement the review, searches for gray literature were also undertaken. Data extraction was performed by two reviewers using a pre-determined data extraction form developed by the authors. The results of the review are presented in narrative form and supported by tables and figures.

Results:

This review identified 523 sources of information of which 111 were screened at full-text stage and 48 sources were eligible to be included in the final scoping review. A wide range of student-led groups and clinics that provide physical rehabilitation exist globally. Drivers for the clinics and groups vary; key aims included providing a learning environment for student skill development, serving as clinical placements, and providing a social enterprise. Evaluations focused on student experience, service user experience, and cost-benefit analyses.

Conclusions:

Student-led groups and clinics are at different stages of development and use within entry-level curricula. The objectives and drivers for groups and clinics vary worldwide; therefore, the evolution of groups and clinics has driven a wide range and number of models globally.
Clustering analysis of a yearlong record of ambient sound on the Chukchi Shelf in the 40 Hz to 4 kHz frequency range
Authors: Ballard Megan S. , Sagers Jason D.
Published: September 2021

Changes in the Arctic environment with regard to declining sea ice are expected to alter the ambient sound field, affecting both the sound generating processes and the sound propagation. This paper presents acoustic recordings collected on the 150-m isobath on the Chukchi Shelf over a yearlong period spanning October 2016 to October 2017. The analysis uses sections of recordings approximately 12 min long collected six times daily. The measurements were collected on a vertical line array spanning the lower 110 m of the water column. The 25th percentile level is used to characterize the spectral shape of the background sound between 40 Hz and 4 kHz. The ambient sound data are analyzed using k-means clustering to quantify the occurrence of six spectral shapes over the yearlong experiment. Each cluster type is associated with a different sound generation process based on the correlations with environmental observations. The cluster observed most frequently was associated with wind-generated sound based on a correlation of sound level with wind speed as well as occurrence during the open water season. The cluster with the smallest number of observations was attributed to wind effects on frazil ice forming in open leads during the ice-covered season.
Warm-Up Intensity Does Not Affect the Ergogenic Effect of Sodium Bicarbonate in Adult Men
Authors: Jones Rebecca L. , Stellingwerff Trent , Swinton Paul , Artioli Guilherme Giannini , Saunders Bryan , Sale Craig
Published: September 2021

This study determined the influence of a high- (HI) versus low-intensity (LI) cycling warm-up on blood acid-base responses and exercise capacity following ingestion of sodium bicarbonate (SB; 0.3 g/kg body mass) or a placebo (PLA; maltodextrin) 3 hr prior to warm-up. Twelve men (21 ± 2 years, 79.2 ± 3.6 kg body mass, and maximum power output [Wmax] 318 ± 36 W) completed a familiarization and four double-blind trials in a counterbalanced order: HI warm-up with SB, HI warm-up with PLA, LI warm-up with SB, and LI warm-up with PLA. LI warm-up was 15 min at 60% Wmax, while the HI warm-up (typical of elites) featured LI followed by 2 × 30 s (3-min break) at Wmax, finishing 30 min prior to a cycling capacity test at 110% Wmax. Blood bicarbonate and lactate were measured throughout. SB supplementation increased blood bicarbonate (+6.4 mmol/L; 95% confidence interval, CI [5.7, 7.1]) prior to greater reductions with HI warm-up (−3.8 mmol/L; 95% CI [−5.8, −1.8]). However, during the 30-min recovery, blood bicarbonate rebounded and increased in all conditions, with concentrations ∼5.3 mmol/L greater with SB supplementation (p < .001). Blood bicarbonate significantly declined during the cycling capacity test at 110%Wmax with greater reductions following SB supplementation (−2.4 mmol/L; 95% CI [−3.8, −0.90]). Aligned with these results, SB supplementation increased total work done during the cycling capacity test at 110% Wmax (+8.5 kJ; 95% CI [3.6, 13.4], ∼19% increase) with no significant main effect of warm-up intensity (+0.0 kJ; 95% CI [−5.0, 5.0]). Collectively, the results demonstrate that SB supplementation can improve HI cycling capacity irrespective of prior warm-up intensity, likely due to blood alkalosis.
A chemical biology approach reveals a dependency of glioblastoma on biotin distribution
Authors: Yoon Jeehyun , Grinchuk Oleg V. , Kannan Srinivasaraghavan , Ang Melgious Jin Yan , Li Zhenglin , Tay Emmy Xue Yun , Lok Ker Zhing , Lee Bernice Woon Li , Chuah You Heng , Chia Kimberly , Tirado Magallanes Roberto , Liu Chenfei , Zhao Haonan , Hor Jin Hui , Lim Jhin Jieh , Benoukraf Touati , Toh Tan Boon , Chow Edward Kai-Hua , Kovalik Jean-Paul , Ching Jianhong , Ng Shi-Yan , Koh Ming Joo , Liu Xiaogang , Verma Chandra Shekhar , Ong Derrick Sek Tong
Published: September 2021

An antifungal drug reveals a dependency of glioblastoma on intracellular biotin distribution.
Podocyte-specific KLF4 is required to maintain parietal epithelial cell quiescence in the kidney
Authors: Pace Jesse A. , Bronstein Robert , Guo Yiqing , Yang Yaqi , Estrada Chelsea C. , Gujarati Nehaben , Salant David J. , Haley John , Bialkowska Agnieszka B. , Yang Vincent W. , He John C. , Mallipattu Sandeep K.
Published: September 2021

Integrative omics identifies mediators between podocytes and parietal epithelial cells in proliferative glomerulopathies.
STAT1 maintains naïve CD8
+
T cell quiescence by suppressing the type I IFN-STAT4-mTORC1 signaling axis
Authors: Kye Yoon-Chul , Lee Gil-Woo , Lee Sung-Woo , Ju Young-Jun , Kim Hee-Ok , Yun Cheol-Heui , Cho Jae-Ho
Published: September 2021

STAT1 serves as a gatekeeper for naïve CD8
+
T cell homeostasis by restraining type I IFN-STAT4-mTOR signaling axis.
The anti-fibrotic drug pirfenidone inhibits liver fibrosis by targeting the small oxidoreductase glutaredoxin-1
Authors: Xi Yue , Li Yanping , Xu Pengfei , Li Sihan , Liu Zhengsheng , Tung Hung-chun , Cai Xinran , Wang Jingyuan , Huang Haozhe , Wang Menglin , Xu Meishu , Ren Songrong , Li Song , Zhang Min , Lee Yong J. , Huang Leaf , Yang Da , He Jinhan , Huang Zhiying , Xie Wen
Published: September 2021

Pirfenidone inhibits HSC activation and liver fibrosis by targeting glutaredoxin-1 and reducing Smad3 glutathionylation.
INTS11 regulates hematopoiesis by promoting PRC2 function
Authors: Zhang Peng , Sui Pinpin , Chen Shi , Guo Ying , Li Ying , Ge Guo , Zhu Ganqian , Yang Hui , Rogers Cody M. , Sung Patrick , Nimer Stephen D. , Xu Mingjiang , Yang Feng-Chun
Published: September 2021

INTS11, the catalytic subunit of the Integrator complex, regulates hematopoietic stem cell function through PRC2 proteins.
Superionicity, disorder, and bandgap closure in dense hydrogen chloride
Authors: Binns Jack , Hermann Andreas , Peña-Alvarez Miriam , Donnelly Mary-Ellen , Wang Mengnan , Kawaguchi Saori Imada , Gregoryanz Eugene , Howie Ross T. , Dalladay-Simpson Philip
Published: September 2021

Extreme pressure releases protons from highly compressed hydrogen bond networks.
Emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern evade humoral immune responses from infection and vaccination
Authors: Caniels Tom G. , Bontjer Ilja , van der Straten Karlijn , Poniman Meliawati , Burger Judith A. , Appelman Brent , Lavell A. H. Ayesha , Oomen Melissa , Godeke Gert-Jan , Valle Coralie , Mögling Ramona , van Willigen Hugo D. G. , Wynberg Elke , Schinkel Michiel , van Vught Lonneke A. , Guerra Denise , Snitselaar Jonne L. , Chaturbhuj Devidas N. , Cuella Martin Isabel ,   Amsterdam UMC COVID-19 S3/HCW study group, Moore John P. , de Jong Menno D. , Reusken Chantal , Sikkens Jonne J. , Bomers Marije K. , de Bree Godelieve J. , van Gils Marit J. , Eggink Dirk , Sanders Rogier W.
Published: September 2021

Antibodies of convalescent COVID-19 patients and vaccine recipients show reduced recognition of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern.
PD-1 blockade and vaccination provide therapeutic benefit against SIV by inducing broad and functional CD8
+
T cells in lymphoid tissue
Authors: Rahman Sheikh Abdul , Yagnik Bhrugu , Bally Alexander P. , Morrow Kristen N. , Wang Shelly , Vanderford Thomas H. , Freeman Gordon J. , Ahmed Rafi , Amara Rama Rao
Published: September 2021

PD-1 blockade combined with vaccination induced anti-SIV immunity and reduced SIV viral reservoirs in lymphoid tissue.
Chemical Heterogeneity of Deposits Formed in the Flocculant Flow From Crude Oil, According to FTIR Microscopy and Chemical Imaging
Authors: Shalygin A. S. , Milovanov E. S. , Yakushkin S. S. , Martyanov O. N.
Published: September 2021

Asphaltene-containing deposits formed on the CaF2
window induced by n-heptane flow in a
microfluidic device have been investigated using an IR microscope and an imaging
macro chamber (IMAC) with FPA detection. This is the first example of the
ex situ infrared imaging of the deposits
from crude oil formed under dynamic conditions of flocculant flow. It has been
shown that fast aggregation of asphaltenes in n-heptane flow leads to the formation of deposit rich in
heteroatom-containing functional groups: (О–Н, N–H, C=O, C–O, and S=O).
Endovascular closure of MINOCA-caused ventricular septal defect (VSD)
Authors: Petrov Ivo Spasov , Stankov Zoran Iovan , Boychev Damyan Boychev , Samardjieva Martina
Published: September 2021

Myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA) is a rare form of acute myocardial infarction and it is an even rarer cause of ventricular septal defect (VSD). We present a case of successful endovascular closure of post-MINOCA VSD with the use of an atrial septal defect (ASD) occluder. The patient improved from intra-aortic balloon pump dependent to New York Heart Association (NYHA) I in a matter of days. 18-month follow-up period is event free and symptom free.
Meropenem-induced thrombocytopenia: a paediatric case
Authors: Cachia Joanna , Torpiano Paul , Pace David
Published: September 2021

Meropenem is a broad-spectrum carbapenem widely used to treat both Gram-positive and negative bacterial infections, including extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing microbes. We describe the occurrence of thrombocytopenia and hypersensitivity in a boy receiving intravenous meropenem for intra-abdominal sepsis secondary to perforated appendicitis. The patient developed a pruritic maculopapular rash with occasional petechiae, associated with severe thrombocytopenia, after 7 days of meropenem administration. Investigations for other causes of thrombocytopenia, including possible line sepsis, were unfruitful, and the thrombocytopenia did not resolve until cessation of meropenem. Drug-induced reactions should be considered in children receiving meropenem who present with a rash and thrombocytopenia.
Rare presentation of Fabry disease as ‘burnt-out’ hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Williams Sam , El-Medany Ahmed , Nightingale Angus , Ismail Yasmin
Published: September 2021

We herein report the case of a 53-year-old man who was historically diagnosed with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and was lost to follow-up, before presenting with end-stage heart failure. This was initially suspected as dilated cardiomyopathy and then ‘burnt-out phase’ of HCM but subsequently the underlying diagnosis was Fabry disease. Fabry disease is an uncommon lysosomal-storage disease due to reduced or absent activity of the alpha-galactosidase A enzyme. Cardiac involvement most frequently comprises left ventricular hypertrophy. Early treatment of the underlying condition with enzyme replacement therapy may prevent the progression to end-stage heart failure. Fabry disease should be considered in all patients presenting with a clinical phenotype of HCM and a historical diagnosis should be re-evaluated in light of new diagnostic tools. Untreated Fabry can progress to a ‘burnt out’ phase, whereby initial hypertrophy undergoes eccentric remodelling to a dilated, severely impaired left ventricle.
Severe pleural effusion associated with nilotinib for chronic myeloid leukaemia: cross-intolerance with tyrosine kinase inhibitors
Authors: Satoh Kasumi , Morisawa Saori , Okuyama Manabu , Nakae Hajime
Published: September 2021

Nilotinib is used as standard treatment in managing chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML). A 23-year-old man with CML and on nilotinib was admitted to the intensive care unit due to respiratory failure. Three years prior, he developed pleural effusion from dasatinib therapy thus, his CML regimen was changed to nilotinib. Although the pleural effusion had once improved, the chest imaging revealed left-dominant bilateral pleural effusion. Endotracheal intubation and left thoracic drainage were performed. Nilotinib treatment was discontinued, and approximately 60 hours later, nilotinib concentrations of 927 and 2092 ng/mL were determined in his blood and pleural effusion, respectively. Severe pleural effusion may be induced in patients administering nilotinib, and nilotinib concentrations in blood and pleural effusion can be elevated in patients with nilotinib-related pleural effusion. Cross-occurrence of pleural effusions needs to be monitored precisely, especially in patients who are switched to other tyrosine kinase inhibitors after dasatinib treatment.
Cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis with radiological abnormalities of the chest
Authors: Zaizen Yoshiaki , Tominaga Masaki , Nagata Shuji , Hoshino Tomoaki
Published: September 2021

A 55-year-old man with mental retardation and calcaneal tendon thickening was referred for a suspected genetic disease. His serum cholestanol was elevated and genetic analysis of his blood cells forCYP27A1revealed a homozygous missense mutation. We diagnosed him with cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis (CTX). Chest radiography revealed diffuse micronodular and reticular opacities. Histological findings obtained from the transbronchial lung biopsy revealed foamy macrophages and multinucleate giant cells with marked lipid crystal clefts. Although there are few reports of pulmonary lesions in CTX, we concluded from the radiological and histopathological findings that the pulmonary lesions were indeed caused by the CTX. The patient was treated with chenodeoxycholic acid. His neurological findings and calcaneal tendon thickening were unchanged; however, his serum cholestanol and radiological abnormalities of the chest decreased.
Acute eosinophilic pneumonia: a fatal reaction to ado-trastuzumab
Authors: LaMorte Daniel , Desmond Daniel , Ellis John , Lipkowitz Stanley
Published: September 2021

Ado-trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1) is a monoclonal antibody drug conjugate approved for the treatment of HER2-positive breast cancers. Presented here is a case report of a patient who developed fatal pulmonary toxicity in the form of acute eosinophilic pneumonia while undergoing treatment with T-DM1. Prior to beginning T-DM1 therapy, this patient had been treated with two HER2-targeted agents (trastuzumab, pertuzumab) per National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines. This case represents a novel presentation of toxicity associated with T-DM1 while perhaps demonstrating additive toxicity associated with multiple lines of HER2 targeted therapies.
Eight-and-a-half syndrome: a rare presentation
Authors: Ingle Vaibhav , Panda Smritimayee , Penuboina Tejaswini , Kashyap Manshi
Published: September 2021

Eight-and-a-half syndrome is a rare entity characterised by conjugate horizontal gaze palsy, ipsilateral internuclear ophthalmoplegia and ipsilateral lower motor neuron type facial palsy. It is due to a lesion affecting median longitudinal fasciculus, paramedian pontine reticular formation and facial nerve fascicle on the same side at the level of pons. The diagnosis is easily missed as it needs detailed ocular movement examination. It is mainly caused due to infarction or demyelinating conditions. We are reporting an interesting case of a 54-year-old man with right-side eight-and-a-half syndrome due to acute ischaemic stroke and ST-elevation myocardial infarction of the inferior wall.
Food hygiene, public health education and citizenship in Britain, 1948–1967
Authors: Mold Alex
Published: September 2021

This article examines food hygiene campaigns in Britain between 1948 and 1967, using these as a way to explore the making of health citizenship and the relationship between state and citizen. The projection of hygienic citizenship amalgamated old concerns around morality, modernity and cleanliness, as well as new issues surrounding the changing position of women, the home and the rise of consumerism. Other ways of thinking about citizenship, such as social citizenship and consumer citizenship, were incorporated within food hygiene campaigns. The success or otherwise of such efforts points to a complex re-working of the connections between public health and its publics.
Postpartum haemorrhage and associated factors among mothers who gave birth in South Gondar Zone public health facilities, Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Dagne Asrat Hailu , Zewude Shimeles Biru
Published: September 2021

Background

Postpartum haemorrhage is one of the direct and the leading causes of maternal morbidity and mortality. There are many risk factors of postpartum haemorrhage, which vary in different settings. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess postpartum haemorrhage and associated factors among mothers who gave birth in public health facilities.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was employed from 17 November 2019 to 15 February 2020. The study participants were selected using a systematic sampling technique. The data were entered and cleaned using EpiData V.3.1 then exported to SPSS V.20 for analysis. Factors associated with postpartum haemorrhage were selected for multiple logistic regression at the probability value (p value) of less than 0.2 in the χ2 analysis. Statistically significant associated factors were identified at probability value (p value) less than 0.05 and adjusted OR (AOR) with a 95% CI.

Results

The mean age of participants was 31.3 (SD ±5.7) years. This study found that the prevalence of postpartum haemorrhage was 13.6% (67). Age of participants (AOR 12.5, 95% CI 4.0 to 38.6), disrespectful maternity care (AOR 8.4, 95% CI 3.2 to 22.0), labour induction and augmentation (AOR 6.97, 95% CI 2.34 to 20.8), the prolonged second stage of labour (AOR 9.9, 95% CI 2.6 to 37.1) and no antenatal care visit (AOR 10.1, 95% CI 3.4 to 29.7) were statistically significant associated factors of postpartum haemorrhage.

Conclusions

The prevalence of postpartum haemorrhage is high. The age of the participants, disrespectful maternity care, labour induction and augmentation, the prolonged second stage of labour and no antenatal care visit were independent predictors of postpartum haemorrhage.
Population rates of HIV, gonorrhoea and syphilis diagnoses by sexual orientation in New Zealand
Authors: Saxton Peter J W , McAllister Susan M , Thirkell Callum E , Ludlam Adrian H , Bateman Jerram P , Anglemyer Andrew T , Priest Patricia C , Sonder Gerard J B
Published: September 2021

Introduction

Globally, gay and bisexual men (GBM) are over-represented in HIV, syphilis and gonorrhoea cases. However, surveillance systems rarely provide meaningful measures of inequity, such as population-specific rates, due to a lack of sexual orientation denominators. HIV, gonorrhoea and syphilis are legally notifiable diseases in New Zealand (NZ); we calculate rates by sexual orientation for the first time.

Methods

We analysed 2019 national surveillance data on HIV, syphilis and gonorrhoea notifications disaggregated by sexual orientation. Unique health records identified duplicate notifications and reinfections. Missing data were imputed from known cases. We used the NZ Health Survey 2014/2015 to estimate population sizes by sexual orientation, measured in two ways (current sexual identity, sexual contact in the previous 12 months with men, women or both). We calculated notification rates per 100 000 for each sexual orientation subgroup and rate ratios.

Results

In 2019, GBM accounted for 76.3%, 65.7% and 39.4% of HIV, syphilis and gonorrhoea notifications, respectively. Population rates per 100 000 for HIV were 158.3 (gay/bisexual men) and 0.5 (heterosexuals); for syphilis, population rates per 100 000 were 1231.1 (gay/bisexual men), 5.0 (lesbian/bisexual women) and 7.6 (heterosexuals); for gonorrhoea (imputed), population rates per 100 000 were 6843.2 (gay/bisexual men), 225.1 (lesbian/bisexual women) and 120.9 (heterosexuals). The rate ratios for GBM compared with heterosexuals were: 348.3 (HIV); 162.7 (syphilis); and 56.6 (gonorrhoea). Inequities remained in sensitivity analysis (substituting sexual identity with sexual behaviour in the previous 12 months).

Conclusion

GBM in NZ experience profound inequities in HIV, syphilis and gonorrhoea. Rate ratios by sexual orientation provide useful ‘at-a-glance’ measures of inequity in disease incidence.
Associations of tobacco retailer density and proximity with adult tobacco use behaviours and health outcomes: a meta-analysis
Authors: Lee Joseph G L , Kong Amanda Y , Sewell Kerry B , Golden Shelley D , Combs Todd B , Ribisl Kurt M , Henriksen Lisa
Published: September 2021

Objective

We sought to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of evidence to inform policies that reduce density and proximity of tobacco retailers.

Data sources

Ten databases were searched on 16 October 2020: MEDLINE via PubMed, PsycINFO, Global Health, LILACS, Embase, ABI/Inform, CINAHL, Business Source Complete, Web of Science and Scopus, plus grey literature searches using Google and the RAND Publication Database.

Study selection

Included studies used inferential statistics about adult participants to examine associations between tobacco retailer density/proximity and tobacco use behaviours and health outcomes. Of 7373 studies reviewed by independent coders, 37 (0.5%) met inclusion criteria.

Data extraction

Effect sizes were converted to a relative risk reduction (RRR) metric, indicating the presumed reduction in tobacco use outcomes based on reducing tobacco retailer density and decreasing proximity.

Data synthesis

We conducted a random effects meta-analysis and examined heterogeneity across 27 studies through subgroup analyses and meta-regression. Tobacco retailer density (RRR=2.55, 95% CI 1.91 to 3.19, k=155) and proximity (RRR=2.38, 95% CI 1.39 to 3.37, k=100) were associated with tobacco use behaviours. Pooled results including both density and proximity found an estimated 2.48% reduction in risk of tobacco use from reductions in tobacco retailer density and proximity (RRR=2.48, 95% CI 1.95 to 3.02, k=255). Results for health outcomes came from just two studies and were not significant. Considerable heterogeneity existed.

Conclusions

Across studies, lower levels of tobacco retailer density and decreased proximity are associated with lower tobacco use. Reducing tobacco supply by limiting retailer density and proximity may lead to reductions in tobacco use. Policy evaluations are needed.
The $$\pi f_0(500)$$ decay of the $$a_1(1260)$$
Authors: Molina R. , Döring M. , Liang W. H. , Oset E.
Published: September 2021

We evaluate the$$a_1(1260) \rightarrow \pi \sigma (f_0(500))$$a1(1260)→πσ(f0(500))decay width from the perspective that the$$a_1(1260)$$a1(1260)resonance is dynamically generated from the pseudoscalar–vector interaction and the$$\sigma $$σarises from the pseudoscalar–pseudoscalar interaction. A triangle mechanism with$$a_1(1260) \rightarrow \rho \pi $$a1(1260)→ρπfollowed by$$\rho \rightarrow \pi \pi $$ρ→ππand a fusion of two pions within the loop to produce the$$\sigma $$σprovides the mechanism for this decay under these assumptions for the nature of the two resonances. We obtain widths of the order of 13–22 MeV. Present experimental results differ substantially from each other, suggesting that extra efforts should be devoted to the precise extraction of this important partial decay width, which should provide valuable information on the nature of the axial vector and scalar meson resonances and help clarify the role of the$$\pi \sigma $$πσchannel in recent lattice QCD calculations of the$$a_1$$a1.
Radiating composite stars with electromagnetic fields
Authors: Maharaj Sunil D. , Brassel Byron P.
Published: September 2021

We derive the junction conditions for a general spherically symmetric radiating star with an electromagnetic field across a comoving surface. The interior consists of a charged composite field containing barotropic matter, a null dust and a null string fluid. The exterior atmosphere is described by the generalised Vaidya spacetime. We generate the boundary condition at the stellar surface showing that the pressure is determined by the interior heat flux, anisotropy, null density, charge distribution and the exterior null string density. A new physical feature that arises in our analysis is that the surface pressure depends on the internal charge distribution for generalised Vaidya spacetimes. It is only in the special case of charged Vaidya spacetimes that the matching interior charge distribution is equal to the exterior charge at the surface as measured by an external observer. Previous treatments, for neutral matter and charged matter, arise as special cases in our treatment of composite matter.