bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Surface Simulation Algorithm Streamlining by the Brownian Motion Method on the Criterion of Iterations Number Minimizing
Authors: Брылкин  , Brylkin Yuriy
Published: May 2017

The paper has been devoted to construction of geometric model for real surface’s compartment at micro- and nanoscales with known fractal dimension. Receiving data on the real surface’s fractal dimension has been considered in [8; 9; 11; 13; 20]. Fractal dimension as a relief development measure has been accepted for the necessary and sufficient condition of the model construction. As is known, for a flying vehicle’s appearance the comprehensive characteristics research is performed with ground work in aerodynamic tubes, and numerical simulation. Similarly, a fragment of product’s heat protection is tested in high-enthalpy facilities for research of physico-chemical processes in the boundary layer, as well as for confirmation of calculations of interactions between rarefied gas’s particles and the surface. In this work has been performed the analysis of geometrical interpretations of algorithms for the fractal surfaces formation based on the Brownian motion method, proposed to use in calculations by Monte Carlo and Navier-Stokes methods. A point choice leading to construction of secant or tangent planes to space forms has been assigned as an element of randomness per iteration. All proposed algorithms lead to construction of surfaces with fractal dimension D ≈ 2.5, but by different iterations number. A tendency to reduce the iterations number required to achieve a specific fractal dimension by increasing the capacity of many lines for plane compartment digitalization has been revealed. The best result has been obtained by construction of projections for section of surface called a torus knot [19, 22]. Visualization was carried out in ASCON Kompas 3Dv.14 program on algorithms results in MathCAD environment.
Technical Drawing in Graphic Knowledge’s Bases Studying
Authors: Константинов  , Konstantinov A.
Published: May 2017

In this paper the interrelation of an axonometric and perspective drawing with a represented object’s real vision is considered. What are the most noticeable axonometric and perspective deformations, how is the axonometric and perspective image of a subject differs from its outlines, visible in real space, in nature? Why it is necessary to choose some types of axonometric projections and separate types of linear prospect with care? What mistakes in drawing of such elementary objects as geometrical bodies, household ware, details and models, arise from literal following to "conditional rules" of this or that commonly accepted projection? How to eliminate these characteristic errors and to bring an image closer to subject’s visual perception? Irrespective of specialization and preliminary training on the academic (art) drawing, students, as experience shows, approach the beginning of training in the technical drawing approximately with identical "baggage" of knowledge, skills, deep rooted mistakes and ideas on the drawing of elementary objects. How justify this? – By means of the fact that drawing teachers due to various reasons don't explain (or can't explain) practically, and don't correct the simplest constructions of elementary objects’ images. If when drawing "from nature" there is almost always "a copying method" with additional adjustment of result, then when analytical drawing (technical drawing’s primary subject) an image object before draftsman’s eyes is absent, and it is required not only to strain fantasy and imagination, but also to know what to do, possess certain techniques, and sequence of constructions. The technical drawing is not some special type of images which is constructed according to its own laws, but alleviated, simplified version of the art drawing. A main aim of the technical drawing is not creation an object’s artistic image, but a "technical aspect" – identification on the image of the object its construction, geometrical surfaces, components, functional principle. In the technical drawing the drawing itself has conditionality, i.e. the drawing is carried out not absolutely as the object is seen by a draftsman, but as it will look in one of axonometric (perspective) projections chosen by the draftsman. How to bring the drawing by "conditional rules" into coincidence with the object "vision"? First of all it’s necessary to exclude all possible and in advance "programmed" on "failures" projections and positions of imaging objects. To consider probability of images’ "visualization shortcomings" even in quite "acceptable" projections, and eliminate these shortcomings with appropriate methods. To correct unsuccessful images.
Parameterization Theory Elements and Parametric Drawings in "KOMPAS-Graphic"
Authors: Харах  , Kharakh Matvey , Козлова  , Kozlova Irina , Славин  , Slavin Boris , Славин  , Slavin R. , Гусева  , Guseva T.
Published: May 2017

Some elements of geometric objects’ parameterization theory are considered in this paper. An analysis of this theory development by leading Soviet scientists has been presented. It is known that figure’s parameters are determined by adding shape parameters with location parameters. In the drawing these parameters are expressed as dimensions. Relations between figures are determined or by their mutual affiliation, or by perpendicularity, or by their touch. These ratios allow reduce dimensions number on a drawing. The link of the parameterization theory with creation of parametric drawings has been demonstrated in the considering

work. Definitions for such concepts as parameter and parametric drawing have been given. A various geometric figures’ parameters calculation principle has been considered. The order of assignment in parametric form of different geometrical objects (point, straight line), as well as any figure’s position in space has been presented. Assignments of geometrical conditions for membership, parallelism, perpendicularity, contact by parameters have been considered. A detailed description for parametric drawing in "KOMPAS-Graphic" program has been presented. Advantages and features related to carrying out of parametric fragments (with geometric and dimensional dependencies) and drawings in this program for various industries have been laid in detail. Some features and approaches in carrying out parametric drawings and fragments, which worthwhile to apply for different modifications of items when needed to creat group drawings, have been proposed for consideration. Traditional methods for creation of the group drawings using CAD systems effectively increase intellectual work’s performance. The CAD systems capabilities use will enable designers to implement various ways and possibilities comprehensively for creation and presentation of graphic information.
THE CENTRAL BANK OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION: THE ISSUE OF CASH AND ORGANIZATION OF MONETARY CIRCULATION
Authors: Безуглый  , Bezuglyy Eduard , Кутергин  , Kutergin Nikolay , Алексеев  , Alekseev Nikolay , Ковалева  , Kovaleva Ekaterina
Published: May 2017

In modern conditions the issue of funds does the state represented by the Central Bank of the Russian Federation. Modern money is characterized by a variety of forms, which is associated with many commodity, monetary and financial transactions used in the financial and economic activities. Money issue is one of the main elements of the monetary system of any state in which there are a variety of economic processes.
Improving the system of administration of the tax on personal income in the Russian Federation
Authors: Сарапкина  , Sarapkina Nikol' , Азеева  , Azeeva Dar'ya
Published: May 2017

Tax on income of physical persons (hereinafter - PIT) as the most affecting the material well-being of

citizens have repeatedly been subjected to drastic methodological changes, having been proportional,

differentiated, with simple and complex progression rate. All changes emphasize the need to find a balance

interests of the state and citizens in the income taxation.
PLANNING OF THE LEGISLATIVE ACTIVITY AND ITS IMPORTANCE IN THE IMPROVEMENT OF LEGISLATION AND THE LEGISLATIVE PROCESS OF THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN
Authors: Тлембаева Жанна , Tlembaeva Zhanna
Published: May 2017

Some issues of lawmaking activity planning in the Republic of Kazakhstan as one of the important components of legislative activity are discussed, and its importance in improving legislation is analyzed in the article. The author pays special attention to the types and stages of the legislative process In the Republic of Kazakhstan. The main problems of planning the legislative activity of the Government and of other subjects of lawmaking are considered. Also the ways to improve the planning of lawmaking activity taking into account the current realities of the development of the legislative process in the Republic of Kazakhstan are proposed. Planning of legislative activities in Kazakhstan needs to be improved and, first of all, by means of increasing the information transparency of planning, the development of forecasting, improving the coordination of planning of subjects of the right of legislative initiative and the development of regulatory support for planning. The issues of application of technologies of legislative forecasting as an obligatory element of lawmaking are separately considered. The conclusion about the role of planning of lawmaking activity in counteraction to the processes of «shadow lobbying» is substantiated. It seems that the implementation of these proposals will ensure an increased role for planning in the country’s legislative process. In the context of the problems studied, the question of the legislative activity of the subjects of the legislative initiative and the subjects of lawmaking has considerable scientific and practical interest. The author reveals a tendency to reduce the lawmaking activity of the deputies of the Parliament against the backdrop of the growing legislative activity of the Government.
Gold Reserve: Russian and Foreign Practice of Formation, Storage and USE
Authors: Кучеров Антон , Kucherov Anton
Published: May 2017

The role of gold as a monetary metal in the development of any state is undoubtedly significant. Due to its natural characteristics the sphere of use of gold is extensive. Available at the disposal of mankind gold finds its application in jewelry, industry, medicine, as well as in the formation of the national gold reserves. The gold reserve of the state is a part of the international reserves, which is under the authority of the authorized state body and is represented by physical gold – ingots and coins (monetary gold). The gold reserve forms for strictly defined purposes stipulated by the corresponding regulation of any state. As a rule the purpose of their formation and use is to meet the urgent needs of the state, conditioned by extraordinary circumstances of a military, political and economic nature. In addition, significant amount of gold reserves indicate the reliability and solvency of the state. At the same time despite the significance of this part of the international reserves its amount in various states essentially differs. Some public orders perform a well-targeted disposal of the gold reserve. Thus, the trends in terms of the order of formation, storage, and use of the gold reserve, seen in a particular state, are different. We propose to consider the current world trends in this field in this article.
The Development of the USA Legislation on the Fight Against Terrorism Before 11 September 2001
Authors: Ефремов Андрей , Efremov Andrey
Published: May 2017

The article is devoted to the consideration of the stages of the development of the US legislation on the fight against terrorism. The goals and tasks solved by the state in a concrete historical period are considered. The anti-terrorism laws adopted by the US Congress are analyzed. The main directions of the US state policy in the field of the fight against terrorism are determined. The author shares the development of US anti-terrorism legislation in three stages. Two of them are considered in the article. The first stage refers to the period of the 1860s—1920s, a stage of the fight against internal terrorism. At this stage there was a struggle of the US authorities with anarcho-terrorism, as well as with the activities of a number of secret terrorist communities that later merged into the most powerful criminal organization — Ku Klux Klan. The second stage refers to the period from 1920 to 2001, the stage before the events of September 11, 2001. The activities of the US authorities at this stage is based on the principle of forcibly suppressing of the activities of foreign special services of hostile states. The laws aimed at combating terrorism, adopted by the US Congress until September 11, 2001, are analyzed.
CURRENT ISSUES OF INTERPRETATION AND IMPLEMENTATION OF THE THEORY OF SEPARATION OF POWERS IN THE USA AND RUSSIA
Authors: Строкань Алина , Strokan' Alina
Published: May 2017

Fundamental bases of modern democracies can be traced back to the ideas of prominent philosophers of XVII—XVIII centuries. One of such basic elements is the principle of separation of powers, which is firmly rooted in state institution design and became
an indispensable aspect of any democratic regime. Differences of Montesque’s theory interpretation and its further implementation as the principle of separation of powers are considered in this article. The main focus of the article is not on the practical aspects of operation of governments but on analyzing the difference in genuine perception among people about the basic features of the principle in the United States (where separation of powers was implemented for the first time in history as a pivotal part of a new government) and in Russia (where the principle was included into state’s institutional structure more than 200 years later). Thenature of the power, a role and status of a head of state, historically inherited notion of “state power” in the Russian legal doctrine, — all these issues have been the key distinguishing factors of two diverse models of the principle of separation of powers and closely connected to its system of checks and balances in Russia and the United States. The US model tends to reflect a more classical type of the theory of separation of powers’ interpretation, while in Russia due to the Russian legal legacy the essence of the theory is considered in the context of the division of a single unified state power into three independent branches of power. Is it possible that one of the separation of powers models can be considered universal or every pattern is unique and effective in fact only within its own state system?
Energy security of the Kaliningrad region
Authors: Мишин  , Комурзоев  , Komurzoev Aslan
Published: May 2017

В данной статье рассматривается предмет вопроса энергетической безопасности самого западного региона Российской Федерации - Калининградскяой области, его изолированность от энергоресурсов с основной территории страны. Затронуты актуальные вопросы транзитых рисков при доставке энергоносителей на территорию области через сопредельные страны. Актуальные проблемы развития дополнительных электрогенерирующих мощностей в области.
Collaboration and Multitasking in Networks: Prioritization and Achievable Capacity
Authors: Gurvich Itai , Van Mieghem Jan A.
Published: May 2017

Motivated by the trend toward more collaboration in workflows, we study networks where some tasks require the simultaneous processing by multiple types of multitasking human or indivisible resources. The capacity of such networks is generally smaller than the bottleneck capacity. In Gurvich and Van Mieghem [Gurvich I, Van Mieghem JA (GVM1) Collaboration and multitasking in networks: Architectures, bottlenecks, and capacity. Manufacturing Service Oper. Management 17(1):16–33], we proved that both capacities are equal in networks with a hierarchical collaboration architecture, which define a collaboration level for each task depending on how many types of resources it requires. This paper studies how task prioritization impacts the achievable capacity of such hierarchical networks using a conceptual queueing framework that formalizes coordination and switching idleness. To maximize the capacity of a collaborative network, highest priority must be given to the tasks that require the most collaboration. Otherwise, a mismatch between priority levels and collaboration levels inevitably inflicts a capacity loss. We demonstrate this fundamental tension between flexibility in task prioritization (ability to adjust quality of service) and capacity (productivity) in a basic collaborative network and in parallel networks. To manage this trade-off, we present a hierarchical threshold priority policy that balances switching and coordination idleness.

The online companion is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2017.2722 .

This paper was accepted by Noah Gans, stochastic models and simulation.
Managing childhood ailments: Henoch-Schönlein purpura
Authors: Tinsley Elizabeth
Published: May 2017

Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP) is a rare condition in which blood vessels become inflamed. It typically presents as a rash accompanied by joint and abdominal pain. While HSP can affect people of any age, the majority of cases are seen in children under the age of 10 years. It is named after the doctors who first described the disease and its prevalence is slightly higher in boys than girls ( McCarthy and Tizard, 2010 ; Salama, 2016 ).
A project to implement pasteurised human donor milk to supplement breastfeeding in the community
Authors: King Denise , Whitehead Clare
Published: May 2017

This article will discuss a pilot project developed and implemented by the infant feeding team at Wirral Community NHS Trust. The results of the project will be described and implications for future practice explored. The project was devised to enable the team to offer donated pasteurised human milk as a supplementary feed in place of formula milk where faltering growth had been identified. The results of the study showed that all the participants benefited from extending the duration of breastfeeding and the majority were able to return to exclusive breastfeeding or continue breastfeeding with small amounts of supplementation.
Non-contact electromagnetic induction heating for eradicating bacteria and yeasts on biomaterials and possible relevance to orthopaedic implant infections
Authors: Pijls B. G. , Sanders I. M. J. G. , Kuijper E. J. , Nelissen R. G. H. H.
Published: May 2017

Objectives

Infection of implants is a major problem in elective and trauma surgery. Heating is an effective way to reduce the bacterial load in food preparation, and studies on hyperthermia treatment for cancer have shown that it is possible to heat metal objects with pulsed electromagnetic fields selectively (PEMF), also known as induction heating. We therefore set out to answer the following research question: is non-contact induction heating of metallic implants effective in reducing bacterial load in vitro?

Methods

Titanium alloy cylinders (Ti6Al4V) were exposed to PEMF from an induction heater with maximum 2000 watts at 27 kHz after being contaminated with five different types of micro-organisms: Staphylococcus epidermidis; Staphylococcus aureus; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; spore-forming Bacillus cereus; and yeast Candida albicans. The cylinders were exposed to incremental target temperatures (35°C, 45°C, 50°C, 55°C, 60°C, 65°C, 70°C) for up to 3.5 minutes.

Results

There was an average linear heating rate of 0.39°C per second up to the target temperature, and thereafter the target temperature was maintained until the end of the experiment. At 60°C and higher (duration 3.5 minutes), there was a 6-log reduction or higher for every micro-organism tested. At 60°C, we found that the shortest duration of effective induction heating was 1.5 minutes. This resulted in a 5-log reduction or higher for every micro-organism tested.

Conclusion

Non-contact induction heating of a titanium disk is effective in reducing bacterial load in vitro. These promising results can be further explored as a new treatment modality for infections of metal orthopaedic implants. Cite this article: B. G. Pijls, I. M. J. G. Sanders, E. J. Kuijper, R. G. H. H. Nelissen. Non-contact electromagnetic induction heating for eradicating bacteria and yeasts on biomaterials and possible relevance to orthopaedic implant infections: In vitro findings. Bone Joint Res 2017;6:323–330. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.65.BJR-2016-0308.R1.
Responding to Youth Violence Through Youth Work
Authors: Seal Mike , Harris Pete
Published: May 2017

The ‘problem’ of violence involving young people and how to respond meaningfully to it continues to occupy the minds of policy-makers and other stakeholders across Europe. Based on a two-year multi-national research project examining youth work responses to youth violence, this book develops a unique analytical frame that presents a model for meaningful responses to youth violence at 4 levels – the personal/psychological, the community/cultural, the structural/symbolic and the existential. The authors develop a number of original themes, namely that for street based youth work to have an impact on street violence it needs to be challenging and avoid collusion with violence, and that interventions need to be aimed at individuals, their communities and the state. Additionally, the authors discuss the transformative potential of an existential approach to youth violence, i.e. one that focuses on meaning making, interpersonal encounter and the privileging of improvised ‘in the moment’ interventions. They also examine how the disciplinary split between sociology and psychology can hinder understanding of youth violence. The authors argue for a psychosocial theoretical approach such as the need to re-think the character of worker-young people relationships, emphasising the complexity of the inner and outer worlds of young people involved in violence. Creating public policy for good practice involves contesting social policy narratives that demonise young people by simplistically identifying them as a threat to others; The need for street based youth workers to meaningfully inform policy responses by seeing themselves as simultaneously practitioners and as ethnographic researchers – an activity we call ethnopraxis.
Housing Politics in the United Kingdom
Authors: Lund Brian
Published: May 2017

Housing has been labelled a ‘wicked’ problem: complex, territorial, open-ended and intractable. This book underscores the role of politics in generating this ‘wickedness’, highlighting the ‘actors’ engaged in the process within their political institutions and the entrenched territorial electoral politics involved in the ‘housing question’. It concentrates on the preparing, disputing and implementing policy rather than on policy outcomes and the social and economic determinants ― industrialisation, capitalism, globalisation ― of continuity and change. The major theoretical approaches framing its content are the ‘new institutionalism’, social constructionism and public choice theory. The sub-title reflects the book’s themes. Power is acquired formally through the electoral system but is exercised through a variety of mechanisms including ‘governmentality’ ― the techniques that regulate and order behaviour. Planning draws attention to attempts to modify the role of markets in housing outcomes and includes land use planning and the influence of alleged ‘rational’ solutions applied to ‘the housing problem’ manifest in housing design and specific interventions aimed at mitigating housing problems. Protest concerns the ‘outsiders’ in the political system and their attempts to secure a voice often outside the normal institutional channels approved by authorities and perhaps eventually become the power holders.
Evidence-based policy making and social science
Authors: Stoker Gerry , Evans Mark
Published: May 2017

This chapter looks at the tensions between the making of public policy and the offering of evidence from social science. Social science and policymaking are not natural ‘best’ friends. Policymakers express frustration that social science often appears to have little of relevance to say and social scientists will regularly complain that policymakers are not interested in using their evidence. Yet the two groups appear, almost against the will of the participants in them, to be thrown together. Policymakers are told to evidence their policies and social scientists are urged to step up to provide that evidence. The aim of this chapter is to help improve that situation by identifying some of the main blockages on either side of the social science and policy making fence and see how they can be addressed.
Co-design with citizens and stakeholders
Authors: Evans Mark , Terrey Nina
Published: May 2017

This chapter examines how design thinking, with its commitment to seeing challenges from the user perspective, prototyping and rapid learning, has begun to make head way in the policy world as a technique to review service delivery practices. This chapter will review the thinking behind it, connecting design to various social sciences theories and showing applications of the technique.
Social insurance for individualised disability support: implementing the Australian National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS)
Authors: Purcal Christiane , Fisher Karen R. , Meltzer Ariella
Published: May 2017

Australia is implementing an ambitious new approach to individualised disability support based on a social insurance model. In a world first, the National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS) is funded through a levy on income and general taxation and gives Australians with disability an entitlement to social service support. This chapter describes the NDIS approach and implementation so far and summarises concerns and challenges about the NDIS discussed in the literature. It uses data from an action research project to inform feasibility questions about how people find out about and receive the individualised support they need. The chapter highlights a basic gap in people’s familiarity with what individualised support is, how it works and how they might benefit from the new approach. A policy implication is that, with the expansion of individualised support, the public is likely to need various opportunities and forms of information sharing, to explore and learn from each other about what the new approach is and what its possibilities are.
Verletzlichkeit
Authors: Bieler Andrea
Published: May 2017

This essay approaches the topic of vulnerability from the perspective of a phenomenology of the body, not focusing on deficits but understanding vulnerability as a fundamental form of affectedness that implies both the risk of being physically and mentally hurt and the ability to love. A basic tenet for practical theology is the oscillation between fundamental and situative vulnerability continually producing new forms of vulnerable life. Perceiving these oscillations very carefully is a central task, especially for poimenics and the theory of occasional services. From a theological perspective, it is about a hidden sense of possibilities and about an implied processual orientation within the perception of human createdness.
Mystik als Motiv devotionaler Fitness?
Authors: Bauer Benedikt
Published: May 2017

This contribution discusses the connection between the - regarding the recent history of research - still young topic of devotional fitness and the category of mystics. Evangelical Christians on the North American continent participate in this phenomenon of piety featuring mystical motifs and impulses. This amalgamation of mystical motifs and somatic aspects is exemplified in three different programs.
Das Altern und der neue Mensch
Authors: Heuser Stefan
Published: May 2017

This contribution deals with the questions of how the processes of aging can be viewed from a Protestant theological perspective. It first presents potent images of age and aging from the realms of culture and science and probes their normative implications. Then it criticizes images of age and aging which understand age and aging as gradual loss of full humanity. For this purpose it engages Thomas Rentsch’s philosophy of age and aging as a process of human self-realization. Thus it visualizes an area of tension between concepts of age and aging, which becomes a backdrop of developing a theological perception of age and aging while engaging Gerhard Sauter’s reflections on this topic. Theology hence instigates a perception of aging that considers age within the framework of God’s care as both a besetting and disempowered phase of life. It investigates whether and how experiences of age and aging cannot only be perceived from its chronological end point, but rather from new life in Christ as the promised goal of human existence. Hence theology does not have any special knowledge that allows it to explain the process of aging as a whole and to make sense of it; it rather reflects about the possibility of bringing experiences of aging into a dialogue with God’s history with his creatures as revealed in Christ. The essay concludes with a short prospect of this perspective on age and aging informing research possibilities in the areas of health management and pastoral care.
Reformation und Geld
Authors: Stegmann Andreas
Published: May 2017

Die Neuordnung der Kirchenfinanzen und die Anleitung zum christlichen Umgang mit Besitz und Geld waren große Herausforderungen für die frühe Reformation, wie das Beispiel Martin Luthers und der Wittenberger Reformation zeigen. Das Finanzwesen der mittelalterlichen Kirche wurde angesichts der neuen Anforderungen erheblich umgestaltet. Zugleich bemühte sich die Reformation, deutlich zu machen, dass die weltlichen Güter sowohl für das tägliche Leben nutzbar zu machende Schöpfungsgabe als auch durch sündhaften Missbrauch bedrohte Gefährdung christlichen Lebens seien.
Hohe Erwartungen
Authors: Dohmen Caspar
Published: May 2017

Das Thema Geld hat immer schon eine wichtige Rolle für die gesellschaftliche Wahrnehmung der Kirche gespielt. An die Kirchen werden in den Medien andere Maßstäbe angelegt als an Unternehmen. Den Medien kommt eine wichtige Rolle dabei zu, bei den Kirchen mehr Transparenz in Gelddingen zu bewirken.
Zum Pfarrberuf (aus-)bilden
Authors: Kasparick Hanna
Published: May 2017

Das evangelische Predigerseminar Wittenberg konnte im vergangenen Jahr an diesem ge­schichtsträchtigen Ort sein 200-jähriges Bestehen feiern und auf eine wechselvolle Geschichte zurückblicken. Gleichzeitig musste und muss es sich den gegenwärtigen kulturellen Verände­rungen und gesellschaftlichen Herausforderungen stellen: Der radikalen gesellschaftlichen Pluralität als Signatur des Pfarrberufs, der didaktischen Spannung zwischen Bildung und Ausbildung, den veränderten Geschlechter- und Familienkonstellationen sowie der neu ent­deckten Bedeutung von Zeit- und Wochenrhythmen. Nur auf diese Weise kann gelingen, in dieser Einrichtung sinnvoll für den Pfarrberuf des 21. Jh. auszubilden.
Disability, Narrative Normativity, and the Stigmatized Vernacular of Communicative (in)Competence
Authors: Shuman Amy
Published: May 2017

Amy Shuman starts us off with chapter 1, “Disability, Narrative Normativity, and the Stigmatized Vernacular of Communicative (in)Competence,” which builds on her previous work with Diane E. Goldstein and their shared contention that folklorists can make an important contribution to the study of stigma by devoting particular attention to the process of managing how value is assigned, claimed, and denied in social interactions, rather than focusing on categories of stigmatization. Placing ethnographic practice and folkloristic theories of communicative competence in conversation with the works of disability studies, anthropology, and sociolinguistics, Shuman endeavors to demonstrate how normativity stigmatizes individuals, especially those with intellectual disabilities (ID), and underscores the need for multiple normalcies.
Exploring Esoteric and Exoteric Definitions of Disability: Inclusion, Segregation, and Kinship in a Special Olympics Group
Authors: Caldeira Olivia
Published: May 2017

Folklorist William Hugh Jansen’s (1959) classic work on esoteric and exoteric folklore has frequently been used to understand how groups identify themselves and others, but this classification becomes complicated when working with individuals with intellectual disabilities who may or may not self-identify as “disabled” or understand disability as something that applies to them because it hinges on relational conceptions of normalcy. In chapter 2, “Exploring Esoteric and Exoteric Definitions of Disability: Inclusion, Segregation, and Kinship in a Special Olympics Group,” Olivia Caldeira revisits Jansen’s concept of esoteric/emic and exoteric/etic and expands on Shuman’s preceding discussion of stigma and individuals with intellectual disabilities. Drawing from fieldwork with a group of Special Olympics athletes, Caldeira applies Richard Bauman’s (1971) concept of differential identity to emphasize how disability is commonly used to describe others but not oneself. In doing so, she investigates new ways of understanding the concept of disability as a fluid term that is more about understanding deviance rather than static notions of normalcy.
Southern Ladies and Suffragists
Authors: Pfeffer Miki
Published: May 2017

Women from all over the United States came to New Orleans in 1884 for the Woman's Department of the Cotton Centennial Exposition, that portion of the World's Fair exhibition devoted to the celebration of women's affairs and industry. Their conversations and interactions played out as a drama of personalities and sectionalism at a transitional moment in the history of the nation. These women planted seeds at the Exposition that would have otherwise taken decades to drift southward. This book chronicles the successes and setbacks of a lively cast of postbellum women in the first Woman's Department at a world's fair in the Deep South. From a wide range of primary documents, the book re-creates the sounds and sights of 1884 New Orleans after the Civil War and Reconstruction. It focuses on how difficult unity was to achieve, even when diverse women professed a common goal. Such celebrities as Julia Ward Howe and Susan B. Anthony brought national debates on women's issues to the South for the first time, and journalists and ordinary women reacted. At the World's Industrial and Cotton Centennial Exposition, the Woman's Department became a petri dish where cultures clashed but where women from across the country exchanged views on propriety, jobs, education, and suffrage. The text memorializes women's exhibits of handwork, literary and scientific endeavors, inventions, and professions, but it proposes that the real impact of the six-month long event was a shift in women's self-conceptions of their public and political lives. For those New Orleans ladies who were ready to seize the opportunity of this uncommon forum, the Woman's Department offered a future that they had barely imagined.
Hubungan Karakteristik Sosial Ekonomi dengan Tingkat Kepuasan Bermukim Pemilik Rumah Sederhana di Perumahan Tamansari Bukit Mutiara Kota Balikpapan
Authors: - Faridah
Published: May 2017

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui hubungan karakteristik sosial ekonomi dengan tingkatkepuasan bermukim pemilik rumah sederhana di Perumahan Tamansari Bukit Mutiara KotaBalikpapan. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rumah sederhana belum dimiliki olehmasyarakat menengah ke bawah. Hal ini ditunjukkan dari karakteristik sosial ekonomi pemilik rumahsederhana yang mayoritas berusia antara 35-40 tahun, berpendidikan S1, bekerja sebagai pegawaiswasta dengan penghasilan 5 hingga 7,5 juta rupiah perbulannya. Sedangkan pemilik rumah yangberusia lanjut merasa kurang puas tinggal di lingkungan perumahan karena minimnya kegiatan yangmelibatkan masyarakat setempat. Kepuasan pemilik rumah sederhana terhadap rumah tinggal sudahterpenuhi karena rumah tipe 36 ini sudah direnovasi dengan melakukan penambahan ruanganberdasarkan tingkat kebutuhan ruang. Karakteristik sosial ekonomi yang mempengaruhi kepuasanbermukim terhadap rumah tinggal meliputi usia, pendidikan, pekerjaan dan jumlah penghuni.Kepuasan pemilik rumah sederhana terhadap lingkungan perumahan terpenuhi karena lokasiperumahan yang bebas banjir, keamanan yang terjamin serta lingkungan yang tenang. Karakteristiksosial ekonomi yang mempengaruhi kepuasan bermukim terhadap lingkungan meliputi status rumahtinggal, usia, pendidikan, penghasilan dan lama menetap.Kata kunci: karakteristik sosial ekonomi, kepuasan bermukim, pemilik rumah sederhana
Nilai Lokal dalam Perencanaan Tata Ruang Kota Muntilan
Authors: Shawma Nadia Gita , Setyono Jawoto Sih
Published: May 2017

Kota Muntilan merupakan salah satu kota kecil yang merespon perkembangan dan modernisasi. Selainkedudukannya di jalur nasional yang menghubungkan antara Kota Yogyakarta dengan Kota Semarangsebagai ibu kota propinsi, ternyata Kota Muntilan menyimpan aspek-aspek kelokalan seperti kondisialamnya, masyarakatnya sebagai keturunan orang Jawa dan keanekaragaman Agama yang ada,namun sekaligus menjadi peluang bagi perkembangan Kota Muntilan. Fenomena-fenomena ini yangakan terus bermunculan sehingga akan mempengaruhi arah tatanan ruang perkotaan yang disusunoleh pemerintah dalam suatu proses dan produk perencanaan tata ruang. Penelitian nilai lokal dalamperencanaan tata ruang dengan pendekatan Grounded Theory berhasil mendapati nilai-nilai lokal yangterbentuk dari interaksi masyarakat dengan aspek-aspek kelokalan, diantaranya pandanganmasyarakat mengenai ancaman Gunung Merapi, kecintaan sebagai wong jowo, nilai keimanan yangtersembunyi dari kesenian pahat batu, kesenian mina lumping serta toleransi dan keharmonisan antarumat beragama pada masyarakat Muntilan. Dari sekian nilai lokal ternyata hanya satu nilai lokal yangdipertimbangkan dalam perencanaan tata ruang dan tertuang didalam dokumen rencana tata ruang,RDTRK Muntilan. Adapun nilai lokal lainnya yang tidak diatur pemerintah dalam perencanaan tataruang, dijadikan sebagai rekomendasi kepada pemerintah dan pihak terkait dalam pelaksanaanperencanaan tata ruang Kota Muntilan.Kata kunci: nilai lokal, perencanaan, tata ruang
Faktor-faktor Keterbengkalaian Benteng Toboali sebagai Bangunan Bersejarah
Authors: Sutanto Ari
Published: May 2017

Bangunan dan kawasan yang memiliki nilai arti kesejarahan pada dasarnya harus dilihat sebagaiobjek cagar budaya yang perlu untuk dilindungi dan dilestarikan. Nilai signifkansi budaya yang adapada Benteng Toboali juga berpengaruh kepada kondisinya sekarang yang terbengkalai sehinggapenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh terhadapketerbengkalaian Benteng Toboali sebagai bangunan bersejarah berdasarkan nilai signifikansibudaya. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif deduktif rationalistik melalui kuesioner yangdisebarkan kepada responden yang terdiri dari pemerintah dan masyarakat yang tinggal di sekitarBenteng serta dilakukan analisis statistik menggunakan analisis faktor dengan bantuan programSPSS 17 sehingga ditemukan faktor baru yang berpengaruh terhadap keterbengkalaian BentengToboali sebagai bangunan bersejarah. Berdasarkan analisis faktor, ditemukan 4 faktor yangberpengaruh terhadap keterbengkalaian Benteng Toboali sebagai bangunan bersejarah yaitu 1)faktor fungsi, 2) faktor estetika, 3) faktor pendukung pelestarian dan 4) faktor kesejarahan, denganfaktor utama adalah faktor fungsi dengan pengaruh terbesar yaitu 34,99%. Temuan penelitian inimendukung teori yang digunakan, yaitu pengabaian nilai signifikansi budaya menyebabkanterbengkalainya bangunan bersejarah namun keterbengkalaian Benteng Toboali lebih dipengaruhioleh pengabaian nilai ilmiah, sosial, ekonomis dan adaptasi penggunaan yang merujuk pada FaktorFungsi Benteng Toboali.Kata kunci: keterbengkalaian, signifikansi budaya, bangunan bersejarah
Perilaku Masyarakat dalam Mengelola Sampah di Kota Bima Nusa Tenggara Barat
Authors: Darmawan Awan
Published: May 2017

Sampah menjadi masalah besar perkotaan di Indonesia tidak hanya kota besar, bahkan Kota Bima.Pertanyaannya adalah bagaimanakah perilaku masyarakat dalam mengelola sampah di Kota Bima NTB.Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan metode deskriptif, teknik analisismenggunakan distribusi frekuensi. Pengumpulan data melalui wawancara pemerintah denganpurposive sampling, kuesioner masyarakat menggunakan simple random sampling. Hasil penelitianmenunjukkan perilaku mayoritas masyarakat menyebabkan timbulan sampah pada kontainer, perilakumasyarakat dalam pemilahan sampah belum dilakukan, perilaku masyarakat dalam pewadahansampah sudah dilakukan, perilaku masyarakat dalam pengangkutan dan pemusnahan sampahmenggunakan jasa petugas, beberapa memusnahkan sampah dengan pembakaran dan menghayutkandi sungai, juga perilaku masyarakat masih membuang sampah sembarang tempat. Sehinggadirekomendasikan untuk memperbaiki perilaku masyarakat dengan pelatihan dan pemberdayaanmasyarakat untuk mengelola sampah, menyediakan kontainer yang terjangkau dari permukiman,pembuatan pilot project untuk merangsang motivasi masyarakat, pembuatan perda tentangpengelolaan sampah, dan membedakan jadwal pengangkutan sampah organik dan anorganik.Kata kunci: perilaku, mengelola sampah
Analisis Transformasi Wilayah Peri-Urban pada Aspek Fisik dan Sosial Ekonomi (Kecamatan Kartasura)
Authors: Kurnianingsih Nela Agustin , Rudiarto Iwan
Published: May 2017

Perkembangan wilayah peri-urban yang muncul sebagai zona transisi dari sifat pedesaan menuju sifatkekotaan, akibat perkembangan eksternal suatu perkotaan ternyata mampu memberikankarakteristik yang berbeda antarbagian wilayah, terutama pada aspek fisik maupun sosialekonominya, seperti yang terjadi pada Kecamatan Kartasura. Kecamatan Kartasura yang memiliki ciriperkembangan perkotaan yang terpengaruh oleh Kota Surakarta dan eksisitensi pedesaan yangdipengaruhi oleh wilayah pedesaan, ternyata memiliki sejarah perubahan lahan yang cukup besar ditahun 1997-2002, yang berawal pada beberapa titik saja. Oleh karena itu, diyakini ada prosestransformasi wilayah secara berkala yang memunculkan perubahan kondisi dan pola laju transformasi.Dan diketahui hasil penelitian yang menyebutkan bahwa selama proses transformasi antara 2002-2012,WPU Kecamatan Kartasura mengalami perkembangan menuju pertumbuhan sifat perkotaan padawilayahnya, dengan masih adanya pergeseran aktivitas pertanian ke arah non-pertanian danperubahan aktivitas sosial ekonomi masyarakatnya, serta ditambah dengan adanya persebaran lajutransformasi yang tidak merata.Kata kunci: transformasi, wilayah peri-urban, fisik, sosial ekonomi, laju transformasi
Kajian Kerentanan Iklim: Sebuah Penilaian Kembali di Wilayah Pesisir Kota Semarang
Authors: Fauziah Annisa Nur
Published: May 2017

Dibalik pertumbuhan yang pesat dan dinamis, Kota Semarang harus menghadapi isu dampakperubahan iklim seperti erosi, banjir, amblesan tanah, kenaikan muka air laut dan degradasi ekosistem.Berdasarkan hal tersebut, penelitian ini berusaha melengkapi kelemahan penelitian terkait denganmengombinasikan data lapangan dari 100 rumah tangga di 14 kelurahan pesisir dengan data sekunderuntuk mengumpulkan data dampak biofisik dan sosio-ekonomi variabilitas iklim, keamanan bermukim,social-demografi, penghidupan, tingkat pendidikan dan pengetahuan manajemen bencana,kelembagaan, strategi penghidupan, dan teknologi adaptasi. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa 3 dari14 kelurahan pesisir memiliki tingkat kerentanan sangat tinggi yaitu Kelurahan Mangkang Wetan,Bandarharjo, dan Tanjung Mas. Kelurahan Mangkang Wetan lebih rentan dibanding kelurahan lainterutama terkait dengan social-demografi, penghidupan, kelembagaan, dan strategi penghidupan.Kelurahan Bandarharjo lebih rentan dibanding kelurahan lain terutama terkait dengan dampak biofisikdan sosio-ekonomi variabilitas iklim, social demografi dan indeks keamanan bermukim. KelurahanTanjung Mas lebih rentan khususnya terkait dampak biofisik dan sosio-ekonomi variabilitas iklim,strategi penghidupan, dan teknologi adaptasi. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, maka pendekatan inikemudian dapat digunakan untuk merumuskan strategi fasilitasi dengan meminimalisir factor yangberkontribusi terhadap kerentanan atau dengan memperkuat kemampuan masyarakat untukmenghadapi dampak perubahan iklim.Kata kunci: kerentanan iklim, penilaian kembali, Pesisir Kota Semarang, indeks kerentanan iklim
Perilaku Perjalanan pada Akhir Pekan oleh Rumah Tangga yang Tinggal di Daerah Pinggiran Kota Semarang
Authors: Ulfa Ikfi Maryama , Suwandono Djoko
Published: May 2017

Dewasa ini aktivitas penduduk di kota metropolitan pada akhir pekan telah mengalami peningkatanyang berdampak pada munculnya kemacetan yang cukup serius di beberapa kawasan pusat hiburankota. Seiring dengan adanya ketidakmerataan ketersediaan fasilitas akibat urban sprawl, penduduk didaerah pinggiran berpotensi sebagai bangkitan perjalanan menuju pusat kota (CBD) dalam mengakseskebutuhan hiburan dan rekreasi pada akhir pekan. Permasalahan tersebut, dapat semakin rumitseiring dengan adanya peningkatan kesejahteraan, pertumbuhan penduduk, dan peningkatankepemilikan kendaraan pribadi. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan pemahaman terhadap perilaku perjalananakhir pekan sebagai langkah untuk membangun kebijakan transportasi yang tepat. Penelitian inimenggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan alat analisis berupa distribusi frekuensi dan regresilinear berganda untuk menemukan faktor spasial dan non-spasial rumah tangga yang mempengaruhiperilaku perjalanan. Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa rumah tangga yang tinggal semakin dekat denganCBD akan terdorong untuk meningkatkan frekuensi perjalanan dalam memenuhi kebutuhan sosial,rekreasi, dan hiburan pada akhir pekan, sedangkan yang tinggal lebih jauh dengan CBD akanmeningkatkan panjang perjalanan mereka. Perjalanan tersebut akan semakin bervariasi seiring denganadanya perubahan kondisi sosial, demografi, dan ekonomi rumah tangga seperti kepemilikan anak usiadibawah 16 tahun, kepemilikan mobil, peningkatan pendapatan dan pengeluaran hiburan oleh rumahtangga.Kata kunci: urban sprawl, akhir pekan, perilaku perjalanan
Kajian Kinerja Pemerintah Kelurahan dalam Mewujudkan Program Permukiman Green-Village di Kelurahan Gayamsari, Kota Semarang
Authors: Puspita Astrini Ayu
Published: May 2017

Permukiman yang mulai mencoba mengedepankan aspek ekologi adalah Kelurahan Gayamsari,Semarang. Pemerintah kelurahan menginisiasi program green-village dengan memprioritaskanpembangunan yang ramah lingkungan. Namun, masih terdapat permasalahan yang menghambatperwujudan green-village yaitu kurangnya ruang terbuka hijau, banjir yang disebabkan oleh drainaseyang tidak memadai, dan upaya masyarakat yang rendah dalam mewujudkannya. Hal ini menunjukkankinerja Kelurahan dalam mewujudkan green-village belum optimal, karena masih adanya permasalahanlingkungan dan kelurahan belum cukup baik memotivasi masyarakat dalam mewujudkannya. Tujuanpenelitian ini untuk mengkaji kinerja pemerintah Kelurahan Gayamsari dalam mewujudkan programpermukiman green-village. Metode yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif kuantitatif berupaanalisis skoring. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kinerja kelurahan dalam mewujudkangreen-village cukup baik. Faktor kelebihan kinerja adalah sisi tata kelola kelurahan dan kerjasamadengan masyarakat. Faktor yang menyebabkan kekurangan yaitu kurangnya implementasi indikatorgreen-village di lapangan, serta pemantauan kegiatan buruk, sehingga kegiatan lingkungan yang sudahberjalan tidak berkelanjutan.Kata kunci: kinerja, pemerintah kelurahan, program gayamsari green-village