bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Eventos de vida produtores de estresse e queixas de insônia entre auxiliares de enfermagem de um hospital universitário no Rio de Janeiro: estudo Pró-Saúde
Authors: Robaina Jaqueline R. , Lopes Claudia S. , Rotenberg Lúcia , Faerstein Eduardo , Fischer Frida M. , Moreno Claudia R. de C. , Werneck Guilherme L. , Chor Dora
Published: September 2009

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a associação entre eventos de vida produtores de estresse (EVPE) e queixas de insônia (QI). MÉTODOS: Foram analisados dados seccionais de 695 auxiliares de enfermagem de um hospital universitário, participantes do Estudo Pró-Saúde - coorte de funcionários de uma universidade no Rio de Janeiro. As informações foram obtidas através de um questionário multidimensional e autopreenchido, que avaliou a ocorrência de EVPE nos últimos 12 meses, variáveis socioeconômicas e demográficas e QI. As QI foram analisadas como desfecho politômico (frequente, ocasional, e ausente). Odds ratios brutos e ajustados foram calculados através de regressão logística multinomial. RESULTADOS: A prevalência total de QI foi de 45,8% (16,7% frequentes e 29,1% ocasionais). Após ajuste por sexo, idade, estado civil, renda familiar per capita e regime de trabalho, os EVPE associados com QI frequentes foram: "rompimento de relação amorosa" (OR = 3,32; IC95% 1,90 - 5,78), "ter tido problemas graves de saúde" (OR = 2,82; IC95% 1,73 - 4,58); "dificuldades financeiras graves" (OR = 2,38; IC95% 1,46 - 3,88), e "mudança forçada de moradia" (OR = 1,97; IC95% 1,02 - 3,79). Com relação às QI ocasionais, houve associação apenas com rompimento de relação amorosa (OR = 2,30; IC95% 1,42 - 3,74) e dificuldades financeiras graves (OR = 1,87; IC95% 1,27 - 2,75). CONCLUSÕES: Dada a responsabilidade com vidas humanas que os auxiliares de enfermagem assumem durante seu horário de trabalho, nossos achados podem contribuir para ações mais efetivas, por parte dos serviços de saúde ao trabalhador, para lidar com o estresse nessa categoria.
Use of Hyperspectral Remote Sensing to Evaluate Efficacy of Aquatic Plant Management
Authors: Santos Maria J. , Khanna Shruti , Hestir Erin L. , Andrew Margaret E. , Rajapakse Sepalika S. , Greenberg Jonathan A. , Anderson Lars W. J. , Ustin Susan L.
Published: September 2009

Invasive aquatic weeds negatively affect biodiversity, fluvial dynamics, water quality, and water storage and conveyance for a variety of human resource demands. In California's Sacramento–San Joaquin River Delta, one submersed species—Brazilian egeria—and one floating species—waterhyacinth—are actively managed to maintain navigable waterways. We monitored the spatial and temporal dynamics of these species and their communities in the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta using airborne hyperspectral data and assessed the effect of herbicide treatments used to manage these species from 2003 to 2007. Each year, submersed aquatic plant species occupied about 12% of the surface area of the Delta in early summer and floating invasive plant species occupied 2 to 3%. Since 2003, the coverage of submersed aquatic plants expanded about 500 ha, whereas the coverage of waterhyacinth was reduced. Although local treatments have reduced the coverage of submersed aquatic plants, Delta-wide cover has not been significantly reduced. Locally, multiyear treatments could decrease submersed aquatic plants spread, given that no residual plants outside the treated area were present. In contrast, the spread of waterhyacinth either has been constant or has decreased over time. These results show that (1) the objectives of theEgeria densaControl Program (EDCP) have been hindered until 2007 by restrictions imposed on the timing of herbicide applications; (2) submersed aquatic plants appeared to function as ecosystem engineers by enabling spread to adjacent areas typically subject to scouring action; (3) repeated herbicide treatment of waterhyacinth has resulted in control of the spread of this species, which also appears to have facilitated the spread of waterprimrose and floating pennywort. These results suggest that management of the Delta aquatic macrophytes may benefit by an ecosystem-level implementation of an Integrated Delta Vegetation Management and Monitoring Program, rather than targeting only two problematic species.
Invasive White Sweetclover (Melilotus officinalis) Control with Herbicides, Cutting, and Flaming
Authors: Conn Jeffery S. , Seefeldt Steven S.
Published: September 2009

White sweetclover is invading the Alaska glacial river floodplains and roadsides adjacent to natural areas, and control methods are needed. Chlorsulfuron, 2,4-DB, clopyralid, triclopyr, and 2,4-D controlled white sweetclover seedlings below recommended rates in the greenhouse. Biomass of established plants in the field was reduced by chlorsulfuron at recommended (17.6 g ai/ha), 1/2, and 1/4 rates and was reduced by triclopyr and 2,4-D at recommended rates (1,260 and 1,600 g ai/ha). Herbicides were more effective at reducing white sweetclover viable seed production in 2007 than in 2006. Only chlorsulfuron at 17.6 g ai/ha (recommended rate) eliminated seed production in both years. Flaming killed first-year plants, but some second-year plants resprouted and produced viable seed. Cutting at the 2.5 or 10 cm height did not control first-year plants because of regrowth, and second-year plant density and seed production was reduced by cutting at 2.5 cm but not by cutting at 10 cm.
Faculty Advising in Nursing Education: Necessary Evil or Opportunity for Excellence?
Authors: Diaz Swearingen Connie , Hayes Janice
Published: September 2009

Understanding the components of faculty workload is critical to recruitment and retention of nurse educators and to success and sustainability of nursing education programs. The role of faculty advisors has been linked to student retention and success in nursing undergraduate education. Despite the importance of academic advising, there is a paucity of research examining the impact of advising on the workload of nurse educators. When faculty roles, such as academic advising, are ostensibly valued by the institution and result in higher levels of student success, but are unrecognized and unrewarded as part of the workload formula, faculty stress and burnout can result.Recommendations for faculty advising are offered, based on current evidence regarding the importance of faculty advising and the impact of advising on the workload of nurse educators. Implications for redefining nursing faculty workload formulas are discussed.
Distinct Effects of Leptin and a Melanocortin Receptor Agonist Injected Into Medial Hypothalamic Nuclei on Glucose Uptake in Peripheral Tissues
Authors: Toda Chitoku , Shiuchi Tetsuya , Lee Suni , Yamato-Esaki Maya , Fujino Yusuke , Suzuki Atsushi , Okamoto Shiki , Minokoshi Yasuhiko
Published: September 2009

OBJECTIVE

The medial hypothalamus mediates leptin-induced glucose uptake in peripheral tissues, and brain melanocortin receptors (MCRs) mediate certain central effects of leptin. However, the contributions of the leptin receptor and MCRs in individual medial hypothalamic nuclei to regulation of peripheral glucose uptake have remained unclear. We examined the effects of an injection of leptin and the MCR agonist MT-II into medial hypothalamic nuclei on glucose uptake in peripheral tissues.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Leptin or MT-II was injected into the ventromedial (VMH), dorsomedial (DMH), arcuate nucleus (ARC), or paraventricular (PVH) hypothalamus or the lateral ventricle (intracerebroventricularly) in freely moving mice. The MCR antagonist SHU9119 was injected intracerebroventricularly. Glucose uptake was measured by the 2-[3H]deoxy-d-glucose method.

RESULTS

Leptin injection into the VMH increased glucose uptake in skeletal muscle, brown adipose tissue (BAT), and heart, whereas that into the ARC increased glucose uptake in BAT, and that into the DMH or PVH had no effect. SHU9119 abolished these effects of leptin injected into the VMH. Injection of MT-II either into the VMH or intracerebroventricularly increased glucose uptake in skeletal muscle, BAT, and heart, whereas that into the PVH increased glucose uptake in BAT, and that into the DMH or ARC had no effect.

CONCLUSIONS

The VMH mediates leptin- and MT-II–induced glucose uptake in skeletal muscle, BAT, and heart. These effects of leptin are dependent on MCR activation. The leptin receptor in the ARC and MCR in the PVH regulate glucose uptake in BAT. Medial hypothalamic nuclei thus play distinct roles in leptin- and MT-II–induced glucose uptake in peripheral tissues.
Multimodal treatment of recurrent sinonasal cryptococcal granulomas in a horse
Authors: Stewart Allison J. , Salazar Tricia , Waldridge Bryan M. , Schumacher John , Welles Elizabeth G. , Hanson R. Reid , Sartin Eva A. , Lenz Stephen D. , Holland Merrilee , Beard Debra M.
Published: September 2009

Case Description—A 7-year-old 509-kg (1,120-lb) Tennessee Walking Horse mare was evaluated because of bilateral mucosanguinous nasal discharge, intermittent right-sided epistaxis, and worsening dyspnea of 9 months' duration.

Clinical Findings—Multiple masses in the nasopharynx were detected via endoscopic and radiographic examinations. Cytologic and histologic examinations of biopsy specimens of 1 mass revealed round yeasts with thick nonstaining capsules and occasional narrow-based budding that resembled cryptococcal organisms.

Treatment and Outcome—Oral administration of fluconazole and organic ethylenediamine dihydriodide and intermittent intralesional injections with fluconazole, amphotericin B, and formalin resulted in resolution of lesions for a period of 2.5 years. The horse then developed exophthalmos, recurring clinical signs, and extensive nasopharyngeal masses. The masses were surgically debulked via a large frontonasal bone flap, and the horse was treated with IV injections of amphotericin B and long-term oral administration of fluconazole. Clinical signs did not recur in the following 2-year period. A presumptive diagnosis of cryptococcosis was made following cytologic and histologic evaluations of the masses; results of serologic analysis and fungal culture confirmed infection with Cryptococcus neoformans.

Clinical Relevance—Cryptococcal infection of the upper respiratory tract in horses has previously been described as a uniformly fatal disease. As this case report illustrates, medical and surgical treatment of sinonasal cryptococcal granulomas in horses may be successful, but the importance of long-term follow-up and the potential for disease recrudescence should be considered. As efficacious antifungal agents become less expensive, their increased use will likely decrease mortality rates in horses with fungal infections.
Matrix-Induced Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation (MACI) Grafting for Osteochondral Lesions of the Talus
Authors: Schneider Timothy E. , Karaikudi Sriram
Published: September 2009

Background:

Articular cartilage is limited in its ability to repair itself. Matrix-induced Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation (MACI) is an established treatment method for such articular cartilage defects in the knee. Recently the technique has been used in the ankle. We present a series of patients treated with MACI for osteochondral defects of the ankle, and assess the functional and clinical results.

Materials and Methods:

From August 2003 to February 2006, 20 patients underwent MACI grafting for osteochondral defects in the ankle. Age ranged from 19 to 61 (mean, 36) years. Mean followup was 21.1 months. Clinical and functional evaluations were conducted using the AOFAS scoring system.

Results:

The mean size was 233 mm2. There was a significant improvement in mean AOFAS score from 60 (range, 25 to 87) to 87 (range, 41 to 100) ( p < 0.0001). Overall improvement in pain scores was also significant ( p < 0.0001). All osteotomies healed. Four patients required hardware removal and two underwent arthroscopic debridement for anterior impingement. There were two failures which are awaiting subsequent procedures.

Conclusion:

We believe MACI is a reliable treatment method for talar osteochondral defects. The method usually requires an intra-articular osteotomy, although this proved to be a reasonably simple aspect of the procedure for the treatment of cartilage defects of the talus. Level of Evidence: IV, Case Series
Analysis of Retrieved Agility™ Total Ankle Arthroplasty Systems
Authors: Vaupel Zachary , Baker Erin A. , Baker Kevin C. , Kurdziel Michael D. , Fortin Paul T.
Published: September 2009

Background:

First generation total ankle arthroplasty (TAA) systems showed high rates of failure. The Agility™ (DePuy, Warsaw, IN) TAA system, a second generation design, had improved outcomes; however, implant failure due to loosening of the metallic components persisted. The purpose of this study was to analyze the damage modes and radiographic mode(s) of failure observed in retrieved Agility™ TAA.

Materials and Methods:

Ten devices were collected and each component was analyzed for common damage modes using microscopy. Clinical damage was analyzed with postoperative implant and preoperative revision procedure radiographs.

Results:

Analyses revealed damage/wear to retrieved components, including abrasion, dishing, and pitting. These third-body wear particles may be a precursor to wear debris induced osteolysis which could cause component loosening. Seven TAA systems were removed due to loosening or subsidence, suggesting component damage/wear may lead to clinically observed component loosening. Retrieval analysis indicated the polyethylene experiences edge loading, resulting in increased contact stresses to polyethylene in the primary articulation region and wear.

Conclusion:

Since poor clinical outcomes have been associated with component instability and osteolysis, analyzing retrieved components wear and damage may be an important step toward improving implant design, thereby decreasing wear debris induced osteolysis and improving clinical outcomes. Level of Evidence: IV, Case Series
Preoperative Footbaths Reduce Bacterial Colonization of the Foot
Authors: Aaron B. Y. , Adeyemo Folorunso O. , Samarji Richard
Published: September 2009

Background:

Previous studies have demonstrated higher infection rates following elective procedures on the foot and ankle compared with procedures involving other areas of the body. Previous studies also have documented the difficulty of eliminating bacteria from the forefoot prior to surgery. The purpose of the present study was to ascertain if preoperative chlorhexidine bathing decreased the number of bacteria on the forefoot.

Materials and Methods:

From October 2005 to October 2006, a prospective study was undertaken to evaluate 44 consecutive patients undergoing planned, elective surgery of the foot and ankle. (mean age, 43.9 years; range, 17 to 85 years; 25 female, 19 male). Twenty-two patients were assigned to each group. They were randomly assigned to have preoperative footbath with chlorhexidine gluconate (Hibitane) (Group 1) 20 minutes before surgery or placebo (Group 2). Culture swabs were taken from all web spaces, nail folds, toe surfaces and proposed surgical incision sites before the preoperative bath, during the procedure and immediately after surgery.

Results:

In Group 1, bacteria grew on the intraoperative culture in 60% and 0% of immediate postoperative cultures. In Group 2, 96% of intraoperative cultures and 16% of postoperative cultures. The difference in the intraoperative bacterial count was statistically significant ( p = 0.002). The difference in postoperative bacterial counts was marginally significant ( p = 0.055). No complications were recorded in either group.

Conclusion:

These data indicate that chlorhexidine provides better reduction in skin flora than placebo. Based of these data, we recommend the use of a chlorhexidine footbath in addition to standard surgical preparatory agent before foot and ankle surgery.
Proximal First Metatarsal Opening Wedge Osteotomy with a Low Profile Plate
Authors: Shurnas Paul S. , Watson Troy S. , Crislip Timothy W.
Published: September 2009

Background:

Many surgical procedures have been described for the correction of metatarsus primus varus associated with hallux valgus deformity. The purpose of this study was to present the results of the proximal metatarsal opening wedge (PMOW) osteotomy using the Arthrex LPS® first metatarsal system.

Materials and Methods:

Eighty-four patients (90 feet) underwent PMOW osteotomy with distal bunionectomy. There were 78 patients (93%) and 84 (93%) feet available for followup. Mean followup was 2.4 (range, 2.0 to 3.2) years from the time of the index surgery. Pre- and postoperative clinical examination, level of activity, patient derived subjective satisfaction score, radiographic measurements, and visual analogue scale (VAS) score for pain were obtained and evaluated retrospectively.

Results:

The mean preoperative VAS score was 5.9 (± 2.2), compared with a mean postoperative score of 0.5 (± 0.8). The mean 1–2 IMA preoperatively was 14.5 (±3.3) degrees, compared with postoperative measurements of 4.6 (± 2.8) degrees. The mean hallux valgus angle (HVA) improved from a mean of 30 (range, 22 to 64) degrees preoperatively to 10 (range, −15 to +18) degrees. The mean time to radiographic union was 5.9 (range, 4 to 14) weeks. There was one nonunion, one delayed union, mild hallux varus in two patients, severe hallux varus in two patients, recurrent hallux valgus in three patients (including the nonunion) and no instances of plate failure there was no significant difference in mean preoperative (74.8 degrees ± 11) compared to postoperative (67.9 degrees ± 10) total MTP joint range of motion. Ninety percent of patients reported good to excellent subjective results after the index surgery.

Conclusion:

We believe PMOW osteotomy was near ideal in terms of reliable, predictable correction and healing. Length of the first metatarsal was maintained and patients ambulated safely in a CAM walking boot immediately after surgery. We believe a first web space release may result in hallux varus and increased distal metatarsal articular angle (DMAA) was associated with hallux valgus recurrence. Level of Evidence: IV, Retrospective Case Series
Radiographic Correlation of Hallux MP Fusion Position and Plate Angle
Authors: Leaseburg J. Thaddeus , DeOrio James K. , Shapiro Shane A.
Published: September 2009

Background:

This study assessed the variability of plate bend in regard to final metatarsophalangeal (MP) fusion angles and toe-to-floor distance. We hypothesized that the final MP angle, the angle of the proximal phalanx to the floor, and the weightbearing toe-to-floor distance would be dictated solely by the magnitude of the bend in the plate.

Materials and Methods:

This is a retrospective analysis of 35 sequential patients who underwent MP fusion with a low-contour titanium plate. Postoperative weightbearing radiographs were analyzed for plate angle, MP fusion angle, the angle of the proximal phalanx to the floor, and the weightbearing toe-to-floor distance.

Results:

We found statistical correlation between plate angle and MP angle and between plate angle and the angle of the proximal phalanx to the floor. However, there was low correlation between plate angle and with toe-to-floor distance. In addition, we noted many outliers, which resulted in higher or lower correlation of the MP angle to the expected plate angle and, thus, a relationship between angles that was far from linear.

Conclusion:

Care needs to be taken when relying solely on the bend in the plate to determine the final position of the toe in MP fusions. Although the association between plate bend and MP angle and proximal phalanx to floor angle was strong, the association between the bend in the plate and weight bearing toe-to-floor distance was variable. This could result in the toe hitting the shoe or the need to vault over the toe. Therefore, the surgeon must match the plate to each patient's anatomy to ensure proper weight bearing toe-to-floor distance and not rely on plate angle exclusively. Level of Evidence: IV, Retrospective Case Series
Effect of Eccentric Exercise Program for Early Tibialis Posterior Tendinopathy
Authors: Kulig Kornelia , Lederhaus Eric S. , Reischl Steve , Arya Shruti , Bashford Greg
Published: September 2009

Background:

Morphology and vascularization of painful tibialis posterior (TP) tendons before and after an intervention targeting the degenerated tendon were examined. Functional status and pain level were also assessed.

Materials and Methods:

A10-week twice daily, progressive eccentric tendon loading, calf stretching program with orthoses was implemented with ten, early stage TP tendinopathy subjects. TP tendons were imaged by grayscale and Doppler ultrasound at INITIAL and POST evaluations to assess the tendon's morphology and signs of neovascularization. The Foot Functional Index (FFI), Physical Activity Scale (PAS), 5-Minute Walk Test, and single heel raise (SHR) test were completed at INITIAL and POST evaluations. The Global Rating Scale (GRS) was completed at 6 months followup. One-way ANOVA was used to compare the FFI at INITIAL, POST, and 6-MONTH time points. Paired t-tests were used to compare means between the remaining variables. The level of significance was p = 0.05.

Results:

There was a significant difference in FFI total, pain, and disability at the three time-points. Post-hoc paired t-tests revealed that the FFI scores were lower for the total score and pain and disability subcategories when comparing from INITIAL to POST and INITIAL to 6-MONTH evaluations ( p < 0.05 for all). The number of SHR increased significantly on the involved side from INITIAL to POST evaluation ( p = 0.041). The GRS demonstrated minimum clinically important differences for improvements in symptoms at 6-MONTH. Tendon morphology and vascularization remained abnormal following the intervention.

Conclusion:

A 10-week tendon specific eccentric program resulted in improvements in symptoms and function without changes in tendon morphology or neovascularization. Level of Evidence: IV, Case Series
Ultrasound Guidance for Intra-articular Injections of the Foot and Ankle
Authors: Khosla Shaun , Thiele Ralf , Baumhauer Judith F.
Published: September 2009

Background:

Ultrasound has been increasingly utilized in procedures involving intra-articular injections. This study's purpose was to compare the accuracy of intra-articular injections of the foot and ankle using palpation versus dynamic ultrasound in a cadaver model.

Materials and Methods:

Fourteen lightly embalmed cadaver specimens without notable osteoarthritis were used. A 0.22-gauge needle was placed by a foot and ankle orthopaedic surgeon into the first and second tarsometatarsal joints, subtalar joint, and ankle joint. The needle was initially placed using palpation, evaluated with ultrasound by an experienced rheumatologist, and re-inserted if necessary. Needle placement was confirmed with injection of an Omnipaque™/methylene blue solution and examined under fluoroscopy, followed by dissection.

Results:

Palpation and ultrasound were 100% accurate in subtalar and ankle joint injections. Using palpation, the needle was correctly placed into the first TMT joint in three of 14 cadavers, and in four of 14 cadavers for the second TMT joint. Using ultrasound, the needle was correctly placed into the first TMT joint in ten of 14 cadavers, and into the second TMT joint in eight of 14 cadavers. When grouped, ultrasound was significantly more accurate for intra-articular needle placement compared to palpation in the midfoot ( p = 0.003). On three specimens, dye extended beyond the second TMT joint.

Conclusion:

Intra-articular injections of the subtalar and ankle joints can be successfully performed utilizing palpation alone. Ultrasound guidance significantly increases injection accuracy into the TMT joints compared to palpation alone and therefore US or Fluoroscopy is performed when injecting these TMT joints. When using selective diagnostic injections into a TMT joint to assess for the symptomatic joint and potential need for arthrodesis, the injected anesthetic may not remain isolated within that joint. These isolated TMT injections should not be done to answer that question without fluoroscopy confirmation with radiopaue dye demonstrating the injected fluid remained within the one joint of interest.
Effects of Growth Regulators on In vitro Propagation and Tuberization of Four Dioscorea Species
Authors: Islam Md. Tariqul , Keller E. R. Joachim , Dembele D. Philibert
Published: September 2009

Nodal explants of 12 accessions from four species of yam (Dioscorea spp.) were cultured for six weeks on MS to evaluate the influence of IAA, Kn, NAA and BAP on the production of leaves and microtubers. Four Dioscorea polystachya Turcz., three each of D. bulbifera L. and D. sansibarensis Pax. and two D. japonica Thunb. accessions were used. Five and 10 mg/l of Kn along with IAA and sucrose, and 0.2 and 0.5 mg/l of NAA, sucrose and with or without BAP were used in four treatments. The accessions Yam 23 and Yam 25 of D. sansibarensis failed to initiate any leaf under four treatments. The remaining accessions produced 0.11 to 1.76 leaves per explant. The medium containing IAA with higher concentration of Kn (10 mg/l) and 3% sucrose was found to be best for in vitro production of leaf (0.71/explant) and the most productive species was D. japonica (1.36), followed by D. polystachya (1.19/explant). At the same culture period, Yam 16 of D. bulbifera failed to initiate any microtuber at IAA with Kn, and NAA with or without BAP. The remaining accessions produced 0.09 to 1.15 microtubers per explant. Lower concentration of Kn (5 mg/l) with IAA and sucrose was favourable for producing microtubers (0.61/explant on an average), the best species being D. sansibarensis (1.27) followed by D. japonica (0.59/ explant). Finally, the presence of BAP adversely affected the production of microtuber among Dioscorea species. Key words: Dioscorea spp., Microtuber, Nodal culture, Propagation D.O.I. 10.3329/ptcb.v18i1.3260 Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 18(1): 25-35, 2008 (June)
In vitro Regeneration of Vitex negundo L. - A Multipurpose Woody Aromatic Medicinal Shrub
Authors: Jawahar M. , Ravipaul S. , Jeyaseelan M.
Published: September 2009

A rapid and efficient protocol was developed for inducing indirect organogenesis using leaf explants of Vitex negundo L. Explants were cultured on MS with different concentrations of 2,4-D and IAA in combination with BAP for callus induction. The frequency of callus induction increased with increasing concentration of IAA (0.3 mg/l) and BAP (0.3 mg/l) at optimal level. The shoot buds appeared emerging as green coloured protuberances on the callus. The high frequency of shoot bud initiation and shoot proliferation was observed on MS containing 0.3 mg/l IAA and 0.3 mg/l BAP. The regenerated shoots were successfully rooted on MS supplemented with 0.5 mg/l IBA. Rooted plants were transferred to pots containing sand, soil and manure in the ratio of 1 : 1 : 1. Nearly 90% survival of in vitro plants were recorded. Key words : Vitex negundo, In vitro, Leaf, Callus, Regeneration D.O.I. 10.3329/ptcb.v18i1.3263 Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 18(1): 37-42, 2008 (June)
Purification and Partial Characterization of Lectins from In vitro Cultures of Ricinus communis
Authors: Chaudhary Harshita , Sood Neelu
Published: September 2009

Ricinus lectins have proven to be quite useful in biological and medical research because of their haemagglutinating, mitogenic, antitumor and toxic properties. In the Indian medicine system, the leaf, root and seed oil of this plant species have been used for the treatment of inflammation and liver disorders. The two major lectins Ricin and RCA have toxic and haemagglutination activities. The micropopagation of Ricinus was standardized using MS medium supplemented with different concentrations of IAA, IBA, NAA, BAP and Kinetin. Kinetin (0.5 mg/l) + NAA (1.0 mg/l) combination was found to be optimal for raising in vitro complete plants within 4 weeks. Using Affinity chromatography galactose binding lectins were isolated from the in vitro grown plants, in vivo leaves and mature seeds. The isolated fractions were further characterized for their molecular weight using SDS-PAGE, haemagglutination activity, pH and thermostability. In the purified fractions, the protein bands other than those corresponding to reported subunits of Ricinus lectins, indicated the presence of some more hitherto unexplored lectins. However, the seeds proved to be a rich source of lectins more than in in vitro grown plants. The seeds are available only from the mature plant at the end of growing season, hence consistent supply of lectins is not possible using conventional methods. Thus in vitro raised plants can prove to be rich source of lectins other than seeds, which can be of great therapeutic and commercial use.  Key words: Ricinus communis, Lectins, In vitro, Micropropagation, Ricin, RCA, Haemagglutination, Purification and Characterization  D.O.I. 10.3329/ptcb.v18i2.3269 Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 18(2): 89-102, 2008 (December)
N-[(2-Chloro-6-methylquinolin-3-yl)methyl]aniline
Authors: Kumar Suresh , Bawa Sandhya , Drabu Sushma
Published: September 2009

Quinolinyl amines are important organic compounds which possess a variety of pharmacological activities such as antimalarial, antifungal, hypotensive and antidepressant activity.
Two New Jaspamide Derivatives from the Marine Sponge Jaspis splendens
Authors: Ebada Sherif S. , Wray Victor , De Voogd Nicole J. , Deng Zhiwei , Lin Wenhan , Proksch Peter
Published: September 2009

Two new jaspamide derivatives 2 and 3, together with the parent compound jaspamide (1) have been isolated from the marine sponge Jaspis splendens collected in Kalimantan (Indonesia). The structures of the new compounds were unambiguously elucidated based on 1D and 2D NMR spectral data, mass spectrometry and comparison with jaspamide (1). The new derivatives inhibited the growth of mouse lymphoma (L5178Y) cell line in vitro with IC50 values of
Correction: Stević, Z. et al. Estimation of Parameters Obtained by Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy on Systems Containing High Capacities. Sensors 2009, 9, 7365-7373
Authors: Stević Zoran , Vujasinović Mirjana , Dekanski Aleksandar
Published: September 2009

In the original published version of this paper, the name and affiliation of the third coauthor was listed by mistake. [...]
Viroid Replication: Rolling-Circles, Enzymes and Ribozymes
Authors: Flores Ricardo , Gas María-Eugenia , Molina-Serrano Diego , Nohales María-Ángeles , Carbonell Alberto , Gago Selma , De la Peña Marcos , Daròs José-Antonio
Published: September 2009

Viroids, due to their small size and lack of protein-coding capacity, must rely essentially on their hosts for replication. Intriguingly, viroids have evolved the ability to replicate in two cellular organella, the nucleus (family Pospiviroidae) and the chloroplast (family Avsunviroidae). Viroid replication proceeds through an RNA-based rolling-circle mechanism with three steps that, with some variations, operate in both polarity strands: i) synthesis of longer-than-unit strands catalyzed by either the nuclear RNA polymerase II or a nuclear-encoded chloroplastic RNA polymerase, in both instances redirected to transcribe RNA templates, ii) cleavage to unit-length, which in the family Avsunviroidae is mediated by hammerhead ribozymes embedded in both polarity strands, while in the family Pospiviroidae the oligomeric RNAs provide the proper conformation but not the catalytic activity, and iii) circularization. The host RNA polymerases, most likely assisted by additional host proteins, start transcription from specific sites, thus implying the existence of viroid promoters. Cleavage and ligation in the family Pospiviroidae is probably catalyzed by an RNase III-like enzyme and an RNA ligase able to circularize the resulting 5’ and 3’ termini. Whether a chloroplastic RNA ligase mediates circularization in the family Avsunviroidae, or this reaction is autocatalytic, remains an open issue.
Impact of Pharmacist Interventions in Patients with Dyslipidemia: A Systematic Review
Authors: Charrois Theresa L. , Zolezzi Monica , Koshman Sheri , Pearson Glen , Makowsky Mark , Tsuyuki Ross T.
Published: September 2009

Purpose:

To determine the effect of pharmacistled interventions in dyslipidemia on clinical and process outcomes.

Methods:

Search: MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts, HealthSTAR, Pascal, MEDLINE In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations, CINAHL Plus with Full Text, Health-Source: Nursing Edition, Academic Search Complete, BIOSIS Previews, Science Citation Index Expanded and Social Sciences Citation Index were searched from their inception to September 2008. Where possible an RCT filter was used. Article screening and selection: Inclusion criteria were: 1) RCTs and 2) pharmacist-provided pharmaceutical care, either independently or as part of a health care team or a collaborative agreement (team-directed) with other health care providers. There were no restrictions on language, sample size, study duration or practice setting.

Quality assessment:

Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration's Risk of Bias tool and studies were judged as low, high or unclear risk of bias.

Data Extraction:

Data extraction was performed by 2 independent reviewers using a standardized data collection form.

Outcomes:

The primary outcome was absolute reduction in LDL cholesterol. Secondary outcomes included proportion of patients at target, initiation/modification of lipid therapy, compliance with lipid therapy, health-related quality of life and patient satisfaction.

Data Analysis:

Data were analyzed using a random effects model with analysis based on the Der-Simonian-Laird method. Calculations included odds ratio for dichotomous data and weighted mean difference (WMD) or standardized mean differences for continuous data. Subgroup analyses or meta-regression were conducted to investigate possible sources of heterogeneity. An indirect comparison of pharmacist-directed versus pharmacist collaborative care interventions was done. Sensitivity analysis was performed based on risk of bias.

Results:

A total of 8422 articles were retrieved from the search. From these, 114 articles were selected for full review, and 12 articles were included. The overall difference in LDL ( n = 543 patients) was not statistically significant (WMD −0.09 mmol/L, 95% CI −0.23, 0.04). The difference in total cholesterol was statistically significant (WMD −0.16, 95% CI −0.30, −0.02). Patients followed by a pharmacist were 3 times more likely to be at target (OR 2.9, 95% CI 1.1–7.5) and 2 times more likely to have their cholesterol measured (OR 2.4, 95% CI 1.6–3.6).

Conclusions:

Pharmacist interventions in a variety of settings have an impact on the lowering of total cholesterol. Patients receiving interventions that included pharmacist care were more likely to be at target and have their lipid panel measured. The types of interventions provided by pharmacists vary in terms of setting and components.
MODELING OF NOISE DISPERSION IN THE SEAPORT TERRITOY AND RESIDENTIAL ZONE USING CADNAA PROGRAM/JŪRŲ UOSTO TERITORIJOS IR GYVENAMOSIOS ZONOS TRIUKŠMO SKLAIDOS MODELIAVIMAS TAIKANT PROGRAMĄ CADNAA/ ΜΟДЕЛИРΟВАНИЕ РАСПРОСТРАНЕНИЯ ШУМА НА ТЕРРИТΟРИИ МОРСКОГО ПОРТА И ЖИЛОЙ ЗОНЫ ПРИ ПΟМОЩИ ПРΟГРАММЫ „CADNAA“
Authors: Baltrėnas Pranas , Puzinas Dainius
Published: September 2009

The level of noise and its dispersion was evaluated at Klaipeda State Seaport enterprise of JSC KLASCO. Investigation was carried out at 24 measuring points located in the enterprise territory and at 6 measuring points in a residential area. Sources of noise are evaluated. Reasons of a higher noise level than that presented in the hygienic norms and possible causes of its occurance in the territory of the enterprise and in the neighbouring residential zone. Noise‐decreasing means are suggested. From the proposed methods one can see that with CadnaA program, exessive noise levels are abtainable for the enterprise territory and residential zone. The achieved measuring results differ from those received with CadnaA program by 10–15%. The investigation results are presented as noise distribution determined with CadnaA program. Santrauka Įvertinamas triukšmo lygis ir jo sklaida Klaipėdos valstybinio jūrų uosto kompanijoje AB KLASCO. Ekvivalentinio triukšmo tyrimai atlikti 24 matavimo vietose, išdėstytose zonomis įmonės teritorijoje ir 6 matavimo vietose gyvenamojoje aplinkoje. Sukūrus triukšmo sklaidos nuo geležinkelio transporto į gyvenamąją aplinką modelį pasiūlyta apsaugos priemonė – automobilių transporto, laivų ir geležinkelio keliamo triukšmo sklidimą mažinančios sienelės. Pagal pateiktą metodiką CadnaA programa gaunami triukšmo lygių viršijimai įmonės ir gyvenamojoje teritorijoje. Matavimų ir CadnaA programos rezultatai skiriasi apie 10–15 %. Rezultatai pateikiami triukšmo sklaidą sumodeliavus pagal CadnaA programą. Резюме Представлена оценка уровня шума, а также его распространение на предприятии Клайпедского государственного морского порта АО «КЛАСКО». Исследования шума проводились в 24 местах, расположенных по зонам, на территории предприятия, а в 6 местах на территории окружной жилой зоны были проведены измерения эквивалентного шума. При помощи моделирования предложено средство, уменьшающее распространение шума от железнодорожного транспорта и морских судов в жилую среду. Это барьеры. Используя на основании предложенной методики программу “CadnaA“, были получены данные о превышении уровня шума на предприятии и в жилой зоне.
MODELLING OF NOISE LEVEL IN THE NORTHERN PART OF KLAIPEDA CITY/TRIUKŠMO LYGIO ŠIAURINĖJE KLAIPĖDOS DALYJE MODELIAVIMAS/МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЕ ШУМОВОГО УРОВНЯ В СЕВЕРНОЙ ЧАСТИ ГОРОДА KЛАЙПЕДЫ
Authors: Vaišis Vaidotas , Januševičius Tomas
Published: September 2009

Noise is an urgent problem not only in Lithuania but also all over the world. There are no noise‐reducing walls in the northern part of Klaipeda that could be used as reducers of noise spread from streets to the residential territory. Equivalent noise level spread from streets to the residential territory during the day and night time is modelled in this work. Comparison of measured and modelled noise level is carried out. A wall made from plastics, wood and ferroconcrete was used as a noise reducer in a model for reducing noise level spread to the residential territory. A wall of 2 and 3 m height was also used for wall efficiency study. Noise level dependence on car velocity is determined in I. Kantas street which is cobbled with stones. Modelling of noise level dependence on car velocity in I. Kantas street is also carried out and modelling results are compared with experimental results. Santrauka Triukšmas – ne tik Lietuvoje, bet ir visame pasaulyje aktuali problema. Šiaurinėje Klaipėdos dalyje nėra triukšmą mažinančių sienelių, kurios slopintų triukšmo sklidimą nuo gatvių į gyvenamąją teritoriją. Sumodeliuotas ekvivalentinis triukšmo, sklindančio nuo gatvių į gyvenamąją teritoriją dieną ir naktį, lygis. Išmatuotasis ir sumodeliuotas triukšmo lygiai palyginami. Sumodeliuotas triukšmo lygio gyvenamojoje teritorijoje sumažėjimas esant plastikinei, medinei ir gelžbetoninei sienelei nuo triukšmo. Atlikta 2 ir 3 m aukščio sienelių efektyvumo tyrimas bei triukšmo lygio priklausomumo nuo automobilių greičio akmenimis grįstoje I. Kanto gatvėje analizė. Palyginti triukšmo lygio dėl automobilių greičio I. Kanto gatvėje modeliavimo ir matavimo rezultatai. Резюме Проблема шума является актуальной не только в Литве, но и во всем мире. В северной части города Клайпеды нет заградительных стенок, которые уменьшали бы распространение уличного шума в жилые зоны. Построена модель распространения уровня эквивалентного шума с улиц в жилые зоны днем и ночью, проведен сравнительный анализ измеренного и смоделированного шума. Построена модель уменьшения уровня шума при наличии стенок из пластика, дерева, железобетона. Проведены исследования эффективности стенок по уменьшению распространения шума при их высоте в 2 и 3 м. Проведены исследования зависимости уровня шума от скорости движения автомобилей по булыжной мостовой ул. И. Канта, построена модель. Проведен сравнительный анализ уровня измеренного и смоделированного шума для ул. И. Канта.
La rue mémoire, écriture du politique
Authors: Knaebel Georges
Published: September 2009

Résumé Les noms des rues, résultat d’une décision politique, sont pour la plupart des conventions qui n’ont qu’un rapport lointain avec la voie. À l’inverse, les hommages initiés par le mot « ici » renvoient à la rue dans son existence concrète. Celle-ci contextualise le message et modifie les interprétations. Le marquage institutionnel monopolise l’inscription de la mémoire et des thèmes républicains dans l’espace public. La parole populaire est confinée dans des espaces réduits et encadrés, ou se réfugie dans les interstices.
L'univers sociopolitique des fonctionnaires français
Authors: Rouban Luc
Published: September 2009

Résumé Deux questions dominent le débat sur l’état social des fonctionnaires en France et son évolution future : d’une part, les agents de l’État sont-ils assimilables aux salariés du secteur privé ? D’autre part, en quoi peut-on affirmer que les agents publics des divers États membres de l’Union européenne partagent les mêmes représentations et les mêmes valeurs? L’étude des données sociopolitiques du long terme montre que même si le comportement électoral des fonctionnaires tend à s’aligner sur celui des salariés du secteur privé, le service de l’État garde sa spécificité culturelle (solidarisme, faible emprise du libéralisme économique). L’analyse comparative des valeurs en Europe montre par ailleurs que les fonctionnaires français, à l’instar des salariés du secteur privé, ne se distinguent pas par un refus de l’innovation et du changement, mais plutôt par un repli sur la sphère de leur univers privé et un manque d’ambition. Le réformisme constitue toujours un risque pour les fonctionnaires. Cette situation s’explique par l’absence d’autonomie professionnelle, un faible niveau de confiance interpersonnelle et l’enfermement du syndicalisme dans son rôle contestataire.
Serviteurs de l'État : moyens et contraintes
Authors: Alventosa Jean-Raphael
Published: September 2009

Résumé Les contraintes subies par les serviteurs de l’État sont fortes : internationales, financières, managériales, politiques et médiatiques. L’État progresse donc sans crédit, avec moins de leviers d’action qu’hier, et des serviteurs quelquefois moroses. Les moyens sont pourtant considérables : en France, la dépense publique est relativement élevée et les serviteurs eux-mêmes ne sont pas à plaindre. Il convient en fait de retrouver des marges de manœuvre. Tel est l’objet de la lolf . Celle-ci cependant n’y suffira pas sans la définition d’une stratégie pour l’État.
La fonction publique entre le « big bang » et le statu quo ?
Authors: Pêcheur Bernard
Published: September 2009

Résumé La fonction publique est fille de l’État moderne et de la démocratie. Ni le particularisme juridique ni même le système de la carrière ne sont propres à la France. La fonction publique se rattache en effet au système wébérien d’administration publique qui a prévalu dans l’ensemble des pays de l’ ocde . S’il n’y a donc pas d’exception française, il existe toutefois un modèle français de fonction publique, caractérisé par un particularisme plus marqué et une organisation plus centralisée que dans les pays homologues. Les rigidités de ce système sont aujourd’hui fortement critiquées au nom des exigences managériales. Dans le même temps, l’impact du droit communautaire a ébranlé un édifice d’autant plus fragile qu’il était plus structuré et plus uniforme. Pour autant, l’indispensable effort d’adaptation ne doit pas conduire à noircir le trait et à faire oublier que les principes de la fonction publique et le cadre statutaire ne sont nullement incompatibles avec une gestion moderne, dynamique et efficace.
La question de la démocratie en Pologne
Authors: Marody Mira
Published: September 2009

Résumé La Pologne connaît-elle une crise prématurée de la démocratie ? C’est la question dérangeante que pose l’article en examinant les différentes facettes : crise de confiance à l’égard de la Diète et des partis politiques, méfiance grandissante envers les institutions politiques et montée de sympathies pour un pouvoir fort. L’ensemble de ces éléments semble étayer la thèse et dessine l’arrière-plan de la montée en puissance des forces populistes.
Building an Extraordinary Career in Nursing: Promise, Momentum, and Harvest
Authors: Shirey Maria R.
Published: September 2009

The transition from nursing student to graduate nurse and beyond represents a challenging evolution. Although many resources are available to explain the career progression of new graduates and to help them with entry into the profession, fewer resources exist to assist nurses in planning a successful long-term career trajectory. This article provides an overview of a developmental model for planning at various stages of career progression.

J Contin Educ Nurs
2009;40(9):394–400.
Relationships of New Nurses' Perceptions and Measured Performance-Based Clinical Competence
Authors: Marshburn Dianne M. , Engelke Martha Keehner , Swanson Melvin S.
Published: September 2009

Background:

This study examined the relationship between new nurses' performance-based measurements and perceptions of clinical competence.

Methods:

Descriptive correlational designs were used to examine the relationships. Performance-based clinical competence was measured by the Performance Based Development System developed by Del Bueno (
1990
), and perceived competence was measured by specific items on the Casey-Fink Graduate Nurse Experience Survey (
1999
).

Results:

Findings showed a significant difference in mean patient scores and professional role scores. Nurses who met the criteria for problem management had significantly higher scores on the patient care scale and the professional role scale than those who did not meet the criteria. Nurses with previous work experience (44%) were more likely to meet the criteria for problem management. Black participants scored lower on the patient care scale compared with others.

Conclusion:

This study provides a beginning understanding of the relationship between new nurses' perceptions and performance-based clinical competence.

J Contin Educ Nurs
2009;40(9):426–432.
Retaining the Next Generation of Nurses: The Wisconsin Nurse Residency Program Provides a Continuum of Support
Authors: Bratt Marilyn Meyer
Published: September 2009

Because of the high costs associated with new graduate nurse turnover, an academic-service partnership developed a nurse residency program that provides a comprehensive support system that spans 15 months. Now in its fourth year, involving more than 50 urban and rural hospitals of varying sizes and geographic locations, the program provides formalized preceptor training, monthly daylong educational sessions, and mentoring by clinical coaches. Key factors contributing to the success of this program are a dedicated, cohesive planning team of individuals who embrace a common agenda, stakeholder buy-in, appropriate allocation of resources, and clear articulation of measures of success, with associated data collection. Successful elements of the monthly educational sessions are the use of interactive teaching methods, inclusion of content tailored to the unique needs of the nurse residents, and storytelling to facilitate learning from practice. Finally, training to advance the skill development of preceptors, coaches, educators, and facilitators has provided organizations with enduring benefits.

J Contin Educ Nurs
2009;40(9):416–425.