bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Trigeminal neuralgia recurrence: a comparison of microvascular decompression and percutaneous balloon compression: a five years follow-up study
Authors: CHAVES Jennyfer Paulla Galdino , DE OLIVEIRA Tatiana Von Hertwig Fernandes , FRANCISCO Alexandre Novick , TRINTINALHA Mariana de Oliveira , CARVALHO Niels Vinicius Pádua
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT Background: About 50% of patients that suffer from trigeminal neuralgia do not experience sustained benefit from the use of oral medication. For their adequate management, a few surgical procedures are available. Of these, percutaneous balloon compression (PBC) and microvascular decompression (MD) are two of the most performed worldwide. In this retrospective study, we present the outcomes of these techniques through estimation of initial pain relief and subsequent recurrence rate. Methods: Thirty-seven patients with medically refractory trigeminal pain surgically treated at Hospital Cajuru, Curitiba, Brazil, with PBC, MD or both between 2013 and 2018 were enrolled into this retrospective study. The post-procedural rate for pain relief and recurrence and associations between patient demographics and outcomes were analyzed. Results: MD had an earlier recurrence time than balloon compression. Of the 37 patients, the mean age was 61.6 years, approximately one third were male and most had type I neuralgia. The most affected branch was the maxillary (V2). The time for recurrence after surgery was on average 11.8 months for PBC and 9.0 months for MD. Complications were seen only with microsurgery. Conclusions: MD presented with a more precocious recurrence of pain than PBC in this article. Moreover, it had a higher recurrence rate than described in the literature as well, which is possibly explained by the type of graft (muscle) that was used to separate the neurovascular structures.
Swallowing in behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia
Authors: MARIN Sheilla de Medeiros Correia , MANSUR Letícia Lessa , OLIVEIRA Fabricio Ferreira de , MARIN Luis Fabiano , WAJMAN José Roberto , BAHIA Valéria Santoro , BERTOLUCCI Paulo Henrique Ferreira
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT Background: Swallowing and feeding problems may occur with the progression of behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) and can impair the anticipatory and oral preparatory phases of swallowing. Objective: To characterize swallowing problems and the feeding situation of patients with bvFTD and to correlate the swallowing problems with functionality, executive functions, cognitive and behavioral features. Methods: Consecutive outpatients with bvFTD in mild, moderate and severe dementia stages were recruited along with their caregivers. Patients and caregivers were screened with the following scales: “Mini-Mental State Examination”, “Severe Mini-Mental State Examination”, “FTLD-modified Clinical Dementia Rating”, “Neuropsychiatric Inventory”, “Frontal Assessment Battery”, “Index of Independence in Activities of Daily Living”, “Swallowing Rating Scale” and “Assessment of Feeding and Swallowing Difficulties in Dementia”. Results: Overall, thirty patients with bvFTD were included along with their caregivers. Patients with bvFTD showed feeding and swallowing difficulties such as: messy to eat, passivity, coughing and choking, difficulty with some food consistencies and with specific food. Swallowing problems in bvFTD correlated with impaired functionality (p<0.05) and cognition (p<0.05), executive dysfunction (p<0.01) and behavioral features (p<0.01). Caregivers had great difficulty in managing the feeding situation during mealtime, with different characteristics in each dementia stage. Conclusion: Patients with bvFTD had inappropriate speed eating, passivity, coughing and choking starting in the mild dementia stage, and these problems worsen in the severe stage. Such difficulties affected caregiver performance during mealtime. The correlations indicated that swallowing difficulties tend to follow cognitive and behavioral decline in patients with bvFTD.
Variabilidade Temporal da Cobertura das Terras nos Estados da Paraíba e Rio Grande do Norte
Authors: Oliveria Verônica Gabriella de , Silva Madson Tavares , Santos Carlos Antonio Costa dos , Serrão Edivaldo Afonso de Oliveira , Silva Bruce Kelly da Nobrega , Santos Marcos Ronielly da Silva , Corrêa Irene Cristina Pereira
Published: February 2021

Resumo O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a variabilidade espaço-temporal do NDVI, da temperatura da superfície terrestre (TST) e da precipitação pluvial (PCP) em regiões de Caatinga degradada (CD) e em recuperação (CR) no Estado da Paraíba, e preservada (CP) no Estado do Rio Grande do Norte. Foram aplicadas técnicas de sensoriamento remoto (SR) do sensor MODIS/Terra com utilização de testes não-paramétricos e tendência. Nas áreas CD e CR o período chuvoso é caracterizado entre o outono-inverno representando mais de 70% do total anual. A CP apresenta dois padrões significativos da PCP, o primeiro associado ao verão, em que os acumulados representam 33,4% do total anual, e o segundo no outono representando 52,8%. Os maiores valores médios mensais de NDVI estão presente na CR. Na CD, foram verificados os maiores valores da TST. As maiores correlações negativas entre TST e PCP e entre TST e NDVI foram encontradas na CR (-0,73) e CP (-0,86), respectivamente. Foi obtida relação positiva entre NDVI e PCP em todos os ambientes, com destaque para a CP (0,84). Os resultados encontrados, evidenciam que os produtos de SR do sensor MODIS são importantes para o entendimento dos impactos antrópicos e climáticos na dinâmica da vegetação de Caatinga.
Interpretação: Um Objetivo e um Método da Ciência de B. F. Skinner
Authors: Malavazzi Dante Marino , Micheletto Nilza
Published: February 2021

Resumo Este artigo tem por finalidade geral apresentar a visão de Skinner sobre a interpretação, seja como objetivo ou como método. Além disso, tem como propósitos específicos (a) definir a interpretação, conforme Skinner, (b) apontar quando e como o autor defende a sua realização, (c) relacionar a interpretação a outros objetivos e métodos propostos por Skinner e (d) indicar contribuições e limites da interpretação, segundo o autor. Para isso, examinamos 35 textos de Skinner ligados ao assunto, publicados entre 1931 e 1990. Seja como objetivo ou como método, mostramos que a interpretação oferece contribuições teóricas, metodológicas e tecnológicas à ciência de Skinner, ainda que ela apresente limites relacionados à sua natureza inferencial e especulativa, bem como ao seu caráter plausível e, às vezes, temporário.
Classes de Estímulos por Bebês de até 24 Meses de Idade,
Authors: Roncato Graziele de Aguiar , Gil Maria Stella Coutinho de Alcântara
Published: February 2021

Resumo Neste estudo investigou-se a emergência de classes de equivalência generalizada, com inclusão de reforçadores específicos em bebês de 24 meses. Relações auditivo-visuais (AB e AC) foram ensinadas, com consequências específicas (D), para 5 bebês entre 18 e 20 meses de idade. Testes de nomeação e de relações emergentes foram realizados (BC, CB, AD, DE e EB, com semelhança física dos estímulos E e B). Três participantes formaram de classes de equivalência, incluindo os reforçadores específicos (ABCD), e dois deles apresentaram nomeação consistente. Dois participantes apresentaram desempenho correspondente à equivalência generalizada. Os resultados indicaram (a) a inédita formação de classes de equivalência generalizada com inclusão de reforçadores específicos em bebês, e (b) que a nomeação pode não ser condição necessária para a formação de classes.
The testing for COVID-19 in symptomatic patients as a protective factor against stress, anxiety, and depression
Authors: Santos Alan Chaves dos , Tenorio Paula Jaeger , Barbosa Elias Almeida S. , Souza Gustavo Fonseca de Albuquerque , Souza Gabriela Albuquerque , Praciano Gabriella de Almeida Figueredo , Maranhão Laura Brito Barreto , Costa Gabriela Oliveira Lobo Pereira da , Souza Alex Sandro Rolland
Published: February 2021

Abstract Objectives: to determine the frequency of stress, anxiety, and depression symptoms in symptomatic patients for COVID-19. To evaluate the associated factors involved in these variants. Methods: between May/June of 2020, it was conducted a prospective cross-section study with symptomatic participants for COVID-19 (n=300). It was applied an online questionnaire and the DASS-21 to evaluate the mental health of participants. Results: it was observed that 28.6%, 29.7% and 27% of the participants showed severe/extreme levels symptoms of stress, anxiety, and depression, respectively. The testing for COVID-19 application had constituted a protective factor for the development of psychiatric morbidity, once it had shown significant association in the low frequencies of severe/extreme depression [Odds Ratio (OR)]= 0.26; p=0.002) and stress (OR=0.39; p=0.01). Conclusion: individuals that are symptomatic for COVID-19 are a vulnerable group that may present high symptomatology for depression, anxiety, and stress. The identification of psychiatric morbidity frequency and its associated factors may contribute for the development of mental health strategies aiming at the prevention and mitigation of psychological impact in COVID-19 symptomatic population during the pandemic.
Experiência da rápida implementação de serviço pioneiro em telessaúde durante a crise da Covid-19
Authors: Freitas Brunnella Alcantara Chagas de , Fialho Wilmara Lopes , Prado Mara Rubia Maciel Cardoso do
Published: February 2021

Abstract: Introduction: Based on a national ordinance that regulates and operationalizes telemedicine as one of the measures to cope with the public health emergency resulting from the COVID-19 epidemic, a partnership was established between the federal university and municipal management for the rapid implementation of the telehealth service for COVID-19. Experience report: Experience report on the implementation process of the specific telehealth service for COVID-19, a partnership between the academy and the service. Discussion: The implementation process requires team sizing, physical space and technological resources, training and continuous education of the team to align the actions, for the agreement and articulation of the call center and telemonitoring flowchart with the local health network at all levels of care, disclosure of the service to the population, attention to ethical aspects, criteria for issuing documents, standing out and integration of the team regarding the clinical approach in teleconsultation and telemonitoring. Conclusion: The experience of implementing the Telehealth Covid service in 27 days is reported in this article, and it is likely to be replicated by other municipalities, as a contingency measure due to COVID-19. The significant number of visits, the social mission of the public university and its articulation with the local health system stand out after two months of operation.
Optimising the travel of home health carers using a hybrid ant colony algorithm
Authors: Euchi Jalel , Sadok Abdeljawed
Published: February 2021

Home health care can reduce costs in the health sector while preserving a reasonable quality of service. Research was undertaken into the problem of scheduling home health carers and routing their vehicles so as to give the best quality of service to patients, at the same time as minimising total travel time and costs. To solve the problem, a new hybrid algorithm based on ant colony systems with a genetic algorithm was proposed. Experimental results highlighted the effectiveness of the proposed approach, with about 77% of new solutions found compared to a previously published method. The proposed solution was found to provide an excellent balance between efficiency and reliability.
Quo Vadis Patent Litigation: Ascendis Animal Health (Pty) Limited v Merck Sharpe Dohme Corporation 2020 1 SA 327 (CC) - In Search of the Bigger Picture on Patent Validity
Authors: Shozi Bonginkosi , Vawda Yousuf
Published: February 2021

In October 2019 the Constitutional Court (CC) handed down judgment in the matter of Ascendis Animal Health (Pty) Limited v Merck Sharpe Dohme Corporation 2020 1 SA 327 (CC). This is its first judgment dealing with the validity of a patent and, as it concerns issues that go the heart of patent law, the judgment potentially has far-reaching implications for patent litigation in South Africa.

At issue was the question of whether a court's finding of patent validity on one ground in a revocation hearing ought to have a bearing on a subsequent infringement hearing on the same patent, to the extent that the alleged infringer is barred from raising a different ground to attack the validity of a patent. In essence, did the attempt to do so offend the principle of res judicata? This was a direct appeal to the Constitutional Court after the High Court ruled that it did so offend, and the Supreme Court of Appeal refused leave to appeal. The Constitutional Court was deadlocked on this issue, with the result that the decision of the High Court refusing Ascendis' application to amend to introduce a new ground of attack stands, and the res judicata objection was upheld.

The decision raises important questions about the application of the principle of res judicata in such cases where the Patents Act allows dual proceedings for revocation and infringement actions, the meaning of provisions of the Act as they relate to the certification of patent claims, and the broader public interest considerations implicated in patent law adjudication.

This note observes that while the outcome sends a strong signal about the courts' displeasure at attempts to prosecute "repeat litigation", an unsatisfactory outcome is that patents can apparently be validated on the basis of merely one of the mandatory requirements for patent validity as required by the Act. It argues that such an outcome is undesirable and does not serve the public interest. This is because it closes the door to further challenges while potentially thousands of patents, which would not have passed the validity test had they been subjected to substantive examination, remain on the patent register.
Calidad de la leche cruda y sistema de pago por calidad en el Ecuador
Authors: Contero Callay Rocio Elizabeth , Requelme Narcisa , Cachipuendo Charles , Acurio Daniel
Published: February 2021

Los estados legislan la calidad para mantener la salud de la población, la inocuidad y propiedades nutricionales de los alimentos, normativas que aplican sobre la producción e industrialización, por ello Ecuador implementó una política para mejorar la calidad de la leche cruda a través del precio. Para mantener la salud de la población los Estados legislan la calidad, inocuidad y propiedades nutricionales de los alimentos, regulaciones que se aplican en la producción e industrialización; por esta forma, Ecuador implementó una política de mejora de la calidad de la leche cruda a través del precio. El objetivo del estudio fue determinar el cumplimiento de los parámetros establecidos en el reglamento de pago por calidad de leche (RPCL) cruda bovina vigente en el Ecuador durante el periodo 2009-2018.
Patologías posparto y origen de vacas infértiles en ganado lechero en el altiplano mexicano
Authors: Lammoglia-Villagómez Miguel A. , Huerta-Peña Javier C. , Marini Pablo R.
Published: February 2021

La infertilidad en vacas lecheras estabuladas es un problema creciente y una de las principales causas de desecho. El objetivo fue determinar el origen de infertilidad en vacas lecheras estabuladas del altiplano mexicano con patologías posparto. Se estudiaron 1,110 vacas Holstein estabuladas y divididas por número de parto: primero (n=389); segundo, (n=296) y tres o más (n=425). El análisis estadístico se realizó haciendo una comparación de medias (modelo ANOVA) y factores de riesgo (Odds Ratio). El 80.5% de las vacas permanecieron sanas después del parto, 15,6% resultaron infértiles y el 3,9% no presentó cambios. La prevalencia de patologías fue del 19,5% encontrando que el grupo de vacas con patologías reproductivas tuvieron mayor porcentaje (p<0,05) de infertilidad (25,0%). Se incrementó el problema de infertilidad con el número de partos, siendo el grupo de vacas de tres o más partos y con patologías reproductivas las de mayor porcentaje de vacas infértiles comparadas con las de segundo y primer parto (39,0%, 30,0% y 14,0%;p<0,05, respectivamente). Se identificaron como factores de riesgo vacas de segundo parto (OR: 2,24 IC95%: 1,06-4,95) y aquellas con más de tres partos que presentaron patologías reproductivas (OR: 1,95 IC95%: 1,03-3,71). En conclusión, las vacas que presentaron patologías reproductivas tuvieron el mayor porcentaje de infertilidad, el cual incrementó hasta cuatro veces el riesgo de quedar vacías, especialmente si presentaban más de dos partos. No se pudo explicar por completo el porcentaje de vacas infértiles con las patologías posparto, quedando un 15.6% de vacas infértiles condiferente origen.
Comunicación gubernamental pre-covid de los presidentes hispanohablantes en Twitter
Authors: Conde Manuel Antonio , Prada-Espinel Oscar A. , Pullaguari-Zaruma Kevin P.
Published: February 2021

El 11 de marzo de 2020 la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) declaró oficialmente el estado de pandemia por coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) en el mundo. Una declaración sin precedentes en la historia, pero que desde las semanas previas los medios de comunicación ya estaban informando. Con el objetivo general de analizar la comunicación política y competencia mediática que tuvieron los presidentes de los países hispanohablantes la semana previa a la declaración de pandemia por COVID19, escogimos una investigación cuantitativa por su importancia en el análisis de datos con un método flexible. Mediante la minería con algoritmos de búsqueda avanzada de datos en Twitter analizamos 7.650 tuits de las cuentas de los 22 presidentes y 21 medios de comunicación. A pesar de los indicadores de la OMS y los medios de comunicación, muchos de los presidentes no tuvieron una comunicación política y competencia mediática aceptable acorde con el problema abordado.
Cultural universals: sacral space in Siberian and Far East folk myths
Authors:   Institute of Philology of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences  (Novosibirsk, Russian Federation), Oinotkinova N. R. , Grinevich A. A. ,   Institute of Philology of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences  (Novosibirsk, Russian Federation), Golovaneva T. A. ,   Institute of Philology of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences  (Novosibirsk, Russian Federation)
Published: February 2021

The paper presents an analysis of the ethnic characteristics of updating the spatial code (as a cultural universal) in Altai, Khanty and Koryak cultures. Three of these cultures are characterized by elements of both vertical and horizontal space structuring. Appealing to the heavenly Supreme Deity in traditional cultures is fraught with hopes for prosperity and protection. The balance of the world is set by the antithesis of opposing principles. In Altai and Koryak cultures, mythical hero hostile to humans inhabits the underground, lower world. For Khants, the vertical structuring of space is superimposed on the autochthonous tradition of horizontal division of the world. The center of this world is the Ob River. The “top” was at its source, in the south, the “bottom” – in the north. The “top” (i.e., the south) is considered to be the space of the “bright” gods, the “bottom” (i.e. the north) – “dark” (possessions of the deity of death and illnesses of Hin’ iki). The mythological heroes of the hostile world (lower / underground or lower / northern) appear to be active, with destructive power. Their attack on a person is fraught with disease or death. In the Altai, Khanty, Koryak cultures, the phenomenon of veneration of sacred places is manifested, which can be interpreted as one way of horizontal structuring of the world. The sacralization of a particular geographical space is associated with sacrifice rituals as a gift to a sacred place. The ritual of venerating sacred places, besides occasional necessity, is also timed to the calendar cycle.
Phonetic traits of the Chalkan language (based on the materials of V. V. Radlov, N. A. Baskakov, and modern field research)
Authors:   Institute of Philology of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences  (Novosibirsk, Russian Federation), Fedina N. N.
Published: February 2021

The paper describes the phonetic correlations found in the records done by V. V. Radlov (1866–1907), N. A. Baskakov (1934–1952), and modern Chalkan records (2010–2019). We show certain phonetic shifts that have taken place since the middle of the 19th century: spirantization of labial consonants in the inlaut; the shifts in consonants: j-č-t’; elimination of the auslaut -ғ (-ɣ). Graphic correlations are also shown in anlaut: p- (mid-19th century), b- (mid-20th century), p- (early 21st century). The text analysis in the diachronic aspect allowed us to assume that the anlaut grapheme “b” in the texts of N. A. Baskakov is not a confirmation of the presence of the corresponding sound [b] in the language of the Chalkans of the beginning of the 20th century. The use of the analog sound [p] instead of [b] is evidenced by the materials of V. V. Radlov. N. A. Baskakov most likely used the grapheme “b” in his texts to reflect Chalkan speech at the beginning of the 20th century by analogy with other Turkic closely related languages in which this sound is present. Graphic correlations are also shown in inlaut: -џ- (mid-19th century), -dž- / -ž- (mid-20th century), -ž- / -š’- (early 21st century). Graphic variations stem from the fact that the Chalkan language remains unwritten to this day, and for the transmission of national speech, researchers and native speakers use graphics of written Altai and Russian languages, adapting it to the features of their speech.
Processes of ideologization and de-ideologization in Russian religious dictionary
Authors:   Novosibirsk State Pedagogical University (Novosibirsk, Russian Federation), Bulygina E. Yu. , Tripolskaya T. A. ,   Novosibirsk State Pedagogical University (Novosibirsk, Russian Federation)
Published: February 2021

The paper is focused on studying the changing fragments of the Russian picture of the world documented in lexicographic sources of the Soviet era and the post-Soviet period, as well as in contemporary discourse. There are “eternal” concepts in the ideological field of society, reflected in the lexicon of native speakers as ideologemes. These lexemes represent the value system of a particular confession, social group, etc. It is this lexical layer that most acutely responds to socio-economic and political changes in society. The authors analyze the dynamic processes of a pragmatically marked fragment of a dictionary (religious vocabulary) during the 20th – early 21st centuries. The starting point is D. N. Ushakov’s Russian Explanatory Dictionary, which provides a thorough representation of religious lexicon, with interpretations determined by the ideological context of 1930–1940. Today, the strong and weak points of describing the lexicon, that was “alien” for the Soviet period, are obvious. The analysis of vocabulary and corpus data allows us to formulate a hypothesis about the emergence of ambivalent (positive and negative) connotations in the lexical array, which has recently been interpreted as neutral by dictionaries. Thus, when filled with new pragmatic content and reflecting significant changes in the socio-political life of society, the semantics of a religious word, as ideologically marked during a century, changes its connotative halo several times. The ideological and related evaluative components reflect one of the most controversial fragments of the linguistic picture of the world in modern Russia.
German dialects of the Tomsk and Novosibirsk regions (based on the open online archive of German dialects in Siberia)
Authors:   Institute of Philology of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences  (Novosibirsk, Russian Federation), Liebert E. A.
Published: February 2021

The paper interprets the data from the open online archive of German dialects (https:// www.tomdeutsche.ru/dialects/). This work was started ten years ago in Tomsk by Prof. Z. M. Bogoslovskaya and her students. The archive provides the records of the native dialects and folklore of Russian Germans whose speech originates from different mother tongues and has different degrees of preservation. Archival materials were collected on the territory of Tomsk and Novosibirsk regions during linguistic expeditions of recent years. Many dialects of the upper German and middle German types appear to be mixed, containing (primarily in phonological terms) the features of different dialect systems, mixed as early as last century. These are secondary language formations that are exclusively spoken by older people. It is not the case in the German-Mennonite dialect (Plautdietsch), which is based on the Low German language substrate. This dialect has a higher degree of preservation and is spoken not only by older people but also by young people and children. The genre component of the collected samples of folklore and religious practices does not show much diversity. The archive contains only a few samples of songs, ditties, and jokes that old speakers can still perform in their native dialect. A special role is played by literary German – it is the language of liturgical practices, of prayers and spiritual singing. The paper presents a number of dialect material transcriptions.
Cyrillic in the system of written culture traditions of the Kalmyk people
Authors:   Kalmyk State University (Elista, Russian Federation), Bitkeev P. Ts. , Bitkeeva G. S. ,   Kalmyk State University (Elista, Russian Federation)
Published: February 2021

The paper considers the Cyrillic-based Kalmyk writing and is timed to the 95th anniversary of its introduction into practice in 1924. The advantages of this writing are considered in the context of the centuries-old rich tradition of writing culture of the Kalmyk people. First of all, it was the common Mongolian writing with more than one and a half thousand-year history,and “Clear writing” created in the middle of the 17th century. The Kalmyks chose a new script on a Cyrillic basis, leaving their traditional national scripts for socio-cultural, political, and technical reasons. It was impossible to print on a vertical line the merged writing of letters peculiar to traditional writing systems in those years. While using Cyrillic writing, the Kalmyk people, like other peoples of our country, achieved remarkable success in the sphere of educational, cultural, and economic development. The national intelligentsia was formed. Classical works of Russian and foreign fiction, as well as works of oral folk art and new Kalmyk literature, were published in the Kalmyk language. The extensive practice of establishing and using Cyrillic-based writing by the peoples of Russia, including the Kalmyk people, proves the completeness of alphabetic characters, the possibility of combining them for the written transmission of systems of different types of languages and their structural units, as well as the universality of the Cyrillic alphabet.
The landscape code “water / river” in the ritual folklore of the Forest Yukaghir and its significance in the ethnic history of the people
Authors:   The Institute for Humanities Research and Indigenous Studies of the North SB RAS (Yakutsk, Russian Federation), Zhukova L. N.
Published: February 2021

The paper considers one of the main landscape codes of Kolyma Yukaghir hunters and fishermen, namely, the code of water / river. The significance of the water resources of the forest and taiga zone as lactating, transporting, and serving as a reference point in space is captured in the oral folklore of the forest Yukaghirs (Oduls). The image, functions, and significance of water/river according to folklore genres are considered. The pagan appeals to the deified “nursing” elements, their attendant rites, and modern functioning are analyzed. Lyric songs are closely adjacent to this genre, with the maternal nature of the water element functionally highlighted in them. In prosaic texts, the poetic component of the macro image of the water / river is reduced, and the text can directly or indirectly report a real or potential danger emanating from the water. The nursing function of the elements in them is only implied; the river acts as a transport artery, serving as a landmark on the ground. The ambivalent symbolism of water is clearly reflected in the ancient fairy-tale cycle about Mythical old peoplecannibals, legends about the struggle with neighboring peoples, little stories. In the stories about shamans, the magical power of water is actualized. The analysis of the multi-genre texts showed the ambivalence of the water element, on the one hand, lyrically sung in songs and ritual folklore, on the other, bearing a real threat and the potentiality of meeting with hostile creatures. The basis of this algorithm is the feeling of constant anxiety, the need for a quick response, and the adoption of protective responses. The factors identified could influence the formation of the ethno-psychological world of the northern nomad.
Conceptualizing Interactions between SDGs and Urban Sustainability Transformations in Covid-19 Times
Authors: Krellenberg Kerstin , Koch Florian
Published: February 2021

Given the potential of cities to contribute to a more sustainable world as framed by the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the UN 2030 Development Agenda, this article focuses on Urban Sustainability Transformations. We take a closer look at the potentials, contradictions and challenges that SDG implementation in cities involves in light of the current Covid-19 pandemic. We argue that SDG implementation needs to consider these global challenges in order to pursue its transformative approach. As a starting point we take SDG 11 and its subtargets to achieve resilient cities and communities, with a focus on German cities. The article will thus contribute to the discussion on the constraints associated with implementing SDGs in cities, given the multiple challenges and actors involved, and the complexity this implies for Urban Sustainability Transformations.
Qualidade da água em produções de pescados da espécie tambaqui na agricultura familiar em Jaru/RO
Authors: Lopes Junior Hilton , Gonçalves Victor Gabriel Farias , Nunes Vanessa Soares , Caldeira Tauany Mendes , Maciel Camilly Vitoria da Luz
Published: February 2021

A água é um recurso utilizado por muitos produtores para a piscicultura. No estado de Rondônia destaca-se a criação da espécie tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum), obtendo crescimento de 112,61% na produção nos últimos seis anos. Para uma maior produtividade de peixes deve-se levar em consideração o monitoramento contínuo da qualidade da água, garantindo assim qualidade do pescado. Com o intuito de observar a qualidade da água em piscicultura de pequenas propriedades, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo realizar análise físico-química de treze tanques, distribuídos em cinco propriedades rurais, situadas no município de cidade de Jaru-RO, tendo como principal renda a pecuária, onde a piscicultura é uma produção alternativa. As análises foram realizadas durante os meses de fevereiro e março de 2020, onde os resultados foram tabulados em programa Microsoft Excel® e analisados por meio de estatística descritiva, de forma que os resultados foram comparados com os recomendados pela legislação vigente e normas de boas práticas produção de pescado em águas tropicais. Através dos resultados, observa-se que os parâmetros de pH, condutividade elétrica, oxigênio dissolvido, turbidez, nitrito total, nitrato total e sólidos totais dissolvidos da água dos tanques apresentaram valores dentro dos padrões. Contudo, observou-se que 7,69 % (1/13) dos tanques apresentaram temperatura acima do recomendado, e 53,84 % (7/13) e 76,92 % (10/13), respectivamente alcalinidade total e dureza total, apresentaram valores abaixo de 20 mg/L, afetando assim a qualidade da água e consequentemente a qualidade do pescado. Outros dois parâmetros analisados foram amônia e fósforo total, sendo que, respectivamente, 46,15 % (6/13) e 69,23 % (9/13) dos tanques apontaram valores fora do recomendado. Através dos resultados, observa-se que a maioria dos tanques analisados demonstraram variáveis relacionadas a qualidade da água fora das ideais, podendo ocasionar prejuízos para o pequeno agricultor, como a mortalidade ou baixa produção do pescado, neste sentido torna-se essencial o monitoramento e controle da água, a fim de garantir um produto final de qualidade, gerando maior renda e lucratividade.
MONITORING ASSESSMENT OF THE SURFACE WATER QUALITY WITHIN THE AREAS FOR THE MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL
Authors: Azimov O. , Kuraeva I. , Trofymchuk O. , Zlobina K. , Karmazynenko S.
Published: February 2021

The monitoring ecological hydro-geochemical investigations for the surface waters of the north-western part of Landfill No 5 for the municipal solid waste disposal and the adjacent area are carried out. Based on analyses of surface water samples taken from the existing ponds, it was found that they are polluted by wastewater with the high content of predominantly organic toxicants. Most likely the latter comes from both the Sections and ponds-collectors of leachate or from the pig farm, which is located near the Landfill but hypsometrically higher in relief. More studies are required in order to specify the answer.

On the other hand, surface waters beyond the Landfill area are characterized by the ecological and hydrogeochemical indicators, which are not higher than the maximum allowable concentrations, although they are higher than the background ones. This indicates that the considerable outflow of chemical pollutants together with the surface waters from the north-western Landfill No 5 area beyond its borders is absent for more than a year. Only the short-time periodic monitoring of the water bodies within the territory of interest would allow to determine such time intervals when water could be polluted by various toxicants.
Step-up approach for surgical treatment of the spinal canal stenosis in a patient with mucopolysaccharidosis type VI (Maroto–Lami syndrome)
Authors: Kolesov Sergey V. , Pereverzev Vladimir S. , Shvets Vladimir V. , Kazmin Arkadiy I. , Sazhnev Maxim L. , Panteleev Andrey A. , Kruglikov Igor A.
Published: February 2021

The article presents a clinical case of step-up surgical treatment of spinal canal stenosis at the craniovertebral and thoracolumbar level in a patient with mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) type VI. The treatment method gives an opportunity to achieve a satisfactory result at the background of severe metabolic disease.
Effectiveness of non-invasive ventilation in patients with type 2 respiratory failure
Authors: Patel Shahid M. , Nair Girija P. , Tuppekar Balaji G. , Uppe Abhay G.
Published: February 2021

Background: Assess the use of non-invasive ventilation as an alternative way for ventilation in acute respiratory failure, determine factors that can predict the successful use of NIV, evaluate factors hindering success of NIV.Methods: Thirty hospitalised patients fulfilling inclusion criteria, diagnosed with Type II Respiratory Failure on ABG were recruited after obtaining an informed written consent. Complete history and detailed physical examination were followed by routine investigations.Results: Comparison of the pH on admission with the pH after 1st hour of NIV, the latter showed statistically significant improvement. Drop in PaCo2 and rise in PaO2 on ABG from admission and after stopping NIV was statistically significant. Patients with lower MMRC grade and severe cough showed significant improvement in pH, however patient with higher emergency visits and past hospitalisation showed less improvement in pH, after 1 hour of NIV therapy. A total 4 patients were intubated, with mean pH of 7.22, 3 out of them had higher emergency visits, 2 out of them had ICU admission.Conclusions: NIV treatment for COPD with type II respiratory failure avoids intubation, reduces complications and should be considered as first line therapy instead of ET intubation. Lower mMRC grade, lesser hospitalizations, lesser emergency visits, higher BMI, symptoms like cough, can have a positive predictive value for the outcome of NIV.
Clinicobiochemical and pathological correlation in alcoholic liver disease among Indian patients
Authors: Chowdhury Atanu Roy , Brahmachari Ramkrishna , Saha Soumyojit
Published: February 2021

Background: Alcohol is one of the leading causes of “preventable” morbidity and mortality worldwide. It is associated with liver damage. A gray area is temporal relation between clinico-biochemical severity and histological changes in liver, neither this issue has been widely studied.Methods: A hospital based cross sectional clinico-pathological pilot study was undertaken in a tertiary care hospital in West Bengal in patients with a history of alcohol intake who had been admitted in the inpatient department of medicine. Assessment of patients with history of alcohol intake with respect to clinical, biochemical and histopathological examination was performed. The correlation between clinico-biochemical severity and histopathological stages in cases of alcoholic liver disease was evaluated.Results: There was a significant correlation between clinico-biochemical severity and liver biopsy changes. The severity of histopathological changes of alcoholic liver disease was found to correlate significantly with the severity of abdominal parameters with Pearson correlation cofactor of 0.819.Conclusions: Both the clinic-biochemical severity and histological changes had no correlation with the duration of alcohol intake in contrast to earlier studies which had demonstrated a definite correlation of alcoholic liver disease (ALD) with both the amount and duration of alcohol intake. Larger studies will be required to substantiate the findings of this study.
Impact of COVID-19 on the future of cadaveric dissection and anatomy teaching
Authors: Karkera Shilpa
Published: February 2021

The COVID 19 pandemic has left a major impact on medical education globally. We are undergoing crisis for humanity with this virus causing extensive damage to life and its aspects. Hence, we do not know how this will unfold in upcoming year. All the academic classes are suspended during nationwide lockdown to ease the propagation. It is high time to rethink ways to deliver quality medical education under restriction of social distancing in real time teachings and discussions. We propose based upon our experiences, replacement of anatomy dissection with virtual dissection and its implications. It has its own challenges which could overcome with the planned directives based upon current experience.
Epidemic of undernutrition during COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Parida Swayam Pragyan , Bhatia Vikas , Giri Prajna Paramita , Behera Binod K. , Alekhya G. , Choudhary Prajna
Published: February 2021

Undernutrition continues to be a major public health challenge for ages. Under-five age children are still at risk of undernutrition even though there exist many policies and programs at various levels. The lower–middle-income countries (LMIC) struggle hard to combat the undernutrition epidemic. The unprecedented advent of the COVID-19 pandemic has worsened the existing undernutrition scenario. This article reviews the burden and impact of the COVID-19 on undernutrition among children. Necessary measures have to be taken to mitigate the crisis and thereby reduce the risks due to morbidity and mortality related to undernutrition. A manual search of relevant data has been taken from the website of the World Health Organization (WHO), UNICEF, Ministry Health and Family Welfare (MOHFW), government of India. (GOI). A search of relevant publications was done through electronic databases such as PUBMED.
The orthopedic patient and limb amputation: impact of traditional beliefs on acceptance in Port Harcourt, Nigeria
Authors: Aaron Friday E. , Ijah Rex Friday Ogoronte A. , Obene Tonye
Published: February 2021

Background: Aim of the study was to ascertain the awareness on surgical limb amputation and establish the existence of traditional beliefs that impacts on acceptance of surgical limb amputation in tertiary healthcare facilities in Port Harcourt. Surgical limb amputation is a form of treatment recommended in conditions of dead, dying, dangerous limb or damn nuisance, in which the appendage is removed surgically and permanently from the rest of the body.Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out among patients and patients’ relatives in the two government-owned tertiary health care facilities that offered orthopedic surgical services in Port Harcourt using self-administered questionnaires. Data obtained was analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0.Results: Safe removal of a disease limb from the rest of the body was considered by 217 respondents (93.1%) as the meaning of limb amputation. Some community beliefs on amputated limb were: risk of incomplete body in the “next world”, burying of persons with amputated limb in the evil forest when they die, stigmatization as outcasts in some communities. Eighty-two respondents (35.2%) opined that traditional bone setters should be encouraged to continue their work.Conclusions: There was high awareness on limb amputation among respondents. Though expressed by few respondents, the twin factors of patronage of traditional bone setters and the practice of community stigmatization of amputees / social isolation among others explains patients decline of offer of limb amputation in the care of orthopedic patients in our society.
Prospective study of 30 cases of temporary ileostomy and their complication
Authors: Chaudhari Manish , Parikh Deval , Aagja Jigar , Wankhede Vedant
Published: February 2021

Background: An intestinal stoma is an opening of the intestine or urinary tract onto the abdominal wall, constructed surgically or appearing inadvertently. An ileostomy involves exteriorization of the ileum on the abdominal skin. In rare instances, the proximal small bowel may be exteriorised as a jejunostomy. A colostomy is a connection of the colon to the skin of the abdominal wall.  Methods: Data of patients, who were undergone for ileostomy construction in New Civil Hospital, Surat were collected prospectively regarding complete history, clinical features on examination, investigations and management. Results: The most common indication of ileostomy formation was ileal perforation in 46.6% patients followed by Intestinal obstruction in 16.6% patients, obstruction with gangrene in 13.3% patients, adhesion in 10% patients. In total of 30 patients loop ileostomy was performed in 17 patients and double barrel ileostomy in 13 patients. Peristomal skin irritation was the most common complication (90%) cases, followed by stomal necrosis/retraction (3.3%). Complications were recorded in all patients out which stomal complication seen in 96% of cases (29 out of 30). Of these peristomal skin excoriation was most common (90%) followed by wound related complications, present in 36.6% cases (11 out of 30 patients).Conclusions: In case of a high complication procedure like ileostomy, it is important to know regarding factors which can be avoided and managed. Knowing these factors which can be avoided or managed. Knowing these factors may help in attributing complications to surgical or technical factors, thereby providing opportunity to correct this error. Prediction of ileostomy complication helps in better management before occurrence of complication. It also helps in conservation of resources and better patient outcome.
Problems and impact of use of private owned theatre wears as seen by theatre users
Authors: Ijah Rex Friday Ogoronte A. , Elenwo Solomon N. , Dayi Joy O. , Dimoko Alexander A.
Published: February 2021

Background: The surgical theatre wear or attire include but are not limited to surgical caps, surgical scrubs, theatre aprons, and theatre foot wears. The basic principles in the care and maintenance of theatre wears are aimed at ensuring safety and infection prevention and control. Aim was to explore the problems associated with private owned theatre wears (scrubs, boots and aprons); and examined the impact of semi-closed mode of procurement and maintenance of theatre wears on theatre users in the tertiary healthcare setting.Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was done among theatre users in a tertiary healthcare center using self-administered semi-structured questionnaires. Data was analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0.Results: One hundred and twenty-nine (60.6%) respondents affirmed that the mode of care of theatre scrub was not standard. 133 (62.4%) of the respondents asserted that there were problems associated with the semi-close mode of care. Nearly half (42.3%) of the respondents stressed that bad smell and contamination were their worries, and most respondents call for a change in the model of procurement and care of theatre wears.Conclusions: There were problems associated with the semi-closed system as revealed in this study, which bothers on safety of the theatre staff. Most respondents were negatively impacted, rated the current practice below standard, and call for a change in policy.
Duodenal adenocarcinoma: a rare cause of intestinal obstruction in young adult
Authors: Parmar Parth , Ali Shadan , Lal Romesh , Borgharia Saurabh , Andley Manoj , Saurabh Gyan
Published: February 2021

Primary adenocarcinoma of duodenum is a very rare and aggressive malignancy, found in middle or elderly age group and usually arising in the second portion of the duodenum, followed by third or fourth. Cancers of the first portion of the duodenum, especially the duodenal bulb are extremely rare. The causative factors for duodenal adenocarcinoma are dietary factors, ingestion of alcohol, coffee and use of tobacco. It may occur from duodenal polyps present in familial polyposis or may be associated. In young age it is associated with polyposis syndromes or with Crohn’s disease affecting small bowel. Very few reports discuss the diagnosis and treatment of such malignancy and very few cases have been reported in young age less than 30years. We are reporting a case of 22 years old gentleman who presented to us with history of recurrent abdominal pain and vomiting. After evaluation it was diagnosed as adenocarcinoma of third and fourth part of duodenum without any associated syndromes or inflammatory bowel diseases and was managed by surgical resection and chemotherapy.
REDE COLETIVA: CULTURA LOCAL COMO INSTRUMENTO DE CAPACITAÇÃO DE JOVENS NA ROCINHA
Authors: Jacques Daniela Jacques , Corrêa Silvia Borges
Published: February 2021

Resumo: Este artigo tem por objetivo descrever e analisar como os jovens moradores de uma favela situada no Rio de Janeiro - a Rocinha, popularmente conhecida como “a maior favela do Brasil”, vivenciam a cultura e os espaços relacionados à arte, à gastronomia e à música. Esses jovens compartilham uma identidade por serem moradores da Rocinha e a expressam nas suas produções culturais elaboradas no contexto da Rede Coletiva. Com base em um marco teórico fundamentado na antropologia e na economia criativa, o artigo contextualiza a importância da cultura na Rocinha, e traz como exemplo a Rede Coletiva da Rocinha, organização social criada por jovens moradores, que tem como principal objetivo produzir projetos culturais, e ao mesmo tempo capacitar outros jovens, também moradores do local, em novas habilidades ligadas, por exemplo, ao grafite, ao audiovisual, à dança, ao teatro, entre outros, valorizando a identidade local e a vivência na Rocinha.