bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ending Child Marriage in Nigeria: The Maternal and Child Health Country-Wide Policy
Authors: Obaje Hawa Iye , Okengwu Chinelo Grace , Uwimana Aimable , Sebineza Henry Kanoro , Okorie Chinonso Emmanuel
Published: October 2020

Reduction in child marriage is highly correlated with a decline in maternal and child morbidity and mortality. Nigeria has taken a step to reduce child marriage through the Child Rights Act; however, 11 states in the Northeast and Northwest are yet to implement these laws despite the documented benefits. Estimates predict that a 70% reduction of maternal deaths can be achieved by a 10% reduction in child marriage. Additionally, the $7.6 billion lost in earning and productivity of human capital from child marriage annually can be averted. A reduction in child marriage can also decrease violence against girls and improve educational level attainment. We propose that the Nigerian government should enact the Maternal and Child Health Country-wide Policy to give a national security treatment to maternal and child health matters. It will ensure that policies passed at the federal level with the potential to reduce maternal and child mortality can be automatically adopted nationwide.
Artificial Intelligence Alongside Physicians in Canada: Reality and Risks
Authors: Sachar Sumedha , Dakessian Maïa , Beitari Saina , Badrinarayanan Saishree
Published: October 2020

Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) have the potential to revolutionize the healthcare system with their immense potential to diagnose, personalize treatments, and reduce physician burnout. These technologies are highly dependent on large datasets to learn from and require data sharing across organizations for reliable and efficient predictive analysis. However, adoption of AI/ML technologies will require policy imperatives to address the challenges of data privacy, accountability, and bias. To form a regulatory framework, we propose that algorithms should be interpretable and that companies that utilize a black box model for their algorithms be held accountable for the output of their ML systems. To aid in increasing accountability and reducing bias, physicians can be educated about the inherent bias that can be generated from the ML system. We further discuss the potential benefits and disadvantages of existing privacy standards ((Personal Information Protection and Electronic Documents Act) PIPEDA and (Personal Information Protection and Electronic Documents Act) GDPR) at the federal, provincial and territorial levels. We emphasize responsible implementation of AI by ethics, skill-building, and minimizing data privacy breaches while boosting innovation and increased accessibility and interoperability across provinces.
Strategic change management at CUNIX infotech
Authors: Sanghavi Hitesh
Published: October 2020

Highly effective are those organizations that have managed changed and that too with a strategy being the governing light for the change management. Due to lean market growth and saturated business scenarios or just a complaisance over time are just a few reasons why change is required and in this case study we look at a change strategy that has led the organization to a 22%+ revenue growth consistently year on year. This is just a proof that change well thought of a better implemented strategically can definitely yield good results.
STAKEHOLDERS’ PERCEPTIONS OF THE INNOVATION TRENDS IN THE SLOVAK FORESTRY AND FOREST-BASED SECTORS
Authors: Loučanová Erika , Paluš Hubert , Báliková Klára , Dzian Michal , Slašťanová Nikola , Šálka Jaroslav
Published: October 2020

Innovations represent the engine of the business and economic. This is particularly relevant to the traditional sectors such as forestry and forest-based industry that are expected to play an important role in the future steps oriented towards meeting the sustainable development goals. The main aim of this study is to analyse the stakeholders’ perceptions of the innovation trends in the forestry and forest-based sectors by using a Q-methodology. This research addressed three groups of respondents in Slovakia, whose task was to subjectively assess innovative trends in the forestry and forest-based sectors. Based on the results it can be concluded that the innovation trend in the forestry and forest-based sectors will be oriented towards the technological progress focused on the increasing efficiency of wood processing and increasing the usability of waste material as well as the trend of increasing development of innovations in the forest recreation services.
Time Trends in Opioid Use Disorder Hospitalizations in Gout, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Fibromyalgia, Osteoarthritis, and Low Back Pain
Authors: Singh Jasvinder A. , Cleveland John D.
Published: October 2020

Objective

To examine opioid use disorder (OUD)–related hospitalizations and associated healthcare utilization outcomes in people with 5 common musculoskeletal diseases (MSD).

Methods

We used the US National Inpatient Sample (NIS) data from 1998 to 2014 to examine the rates of OUD hospitalizations (per 100,000 NIS claims overall), time trends, and outcomes in 5 common rheumatic diseases: gout, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), fibromyalgia (FM), osteoarthritis (OA), and low back pain (LBP).

Results

OUD hospitalization rate per 100,000 total NIS claims in 1998–2000 vs 2015–2016 (and increase) were as follows: gout, 0.05 vs 1.88 (36-fold); OA, 0.68 vs 10.22 (14-fold); FM, 0.53 vs 6.98 (12-fold); RA, 0.30 vs 3.16 (9.5-fold); and LBP, 1.17 vs 7.64 (5.5-fold). The median hospital charges and hospital stays for OUD hospitalizations were as follows: gout, $18,363 and 2.5 days; RA, $17,398 and 2.4 days; FM, $15,772 and 2.1 days; OA, $16,795 and 2.4 days; and LBP, $13,722 and 2.0 days. In-hospital mortality rates ranged from 0.9% for LBP and FM to 1.7% for gout with OUD hospitalizations. Compared to those without each MSD, age-, sex-, race-, and income-adjusted total hospital charges (inflation-adjusted) for OUD hospitalizations with each rheumatic disease were as follows: gout, $697 higher; OA, $4759 lower; FM, $2082 lower; RA, $1258 lower; and LBP, $4944 lower.

Conclusion

OUD hospitalizations increased in all 5 MSD studied, but the rate of increase differed. Awareness of these OUD hospitalization trends in 5 MSD among providers, policy makers, and patients is important. Development and implementation of interventions, policies, and practices to potentially reduce OUD-associated effects in people with rheumatic diseases is needed.
Effect of Stem Cell Injections on Osteoarthritis-related Structural Outcomes: A Systematic Review
Authors: Gong Jennifer , Fairley Jessica , Cicuttini Flavia M. , Hussain Sultana Monira , Vashishtha Rakhi , Chou Louisa , Wluka Anita E. , Wang Yuanyuan
Published: October 2020

Objective

To systematically review the evidence for the efficacy of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) injections in improving osteoarthritis (OA)-related structural outcomes.

Methods

Ovid Medline and EMBASE were searched from their inceptions to April 2020 using MeSH terms and key words. Independent reviewers extracted data and assessed methodological quality. Qualitative evidence synthesis was performed due to the heterogeneity of interventions and outcome measures.

Results

Thirteen randomized controlled trials (phase I or II) were identified: 10 in OA populations and 3 in populations at risk of OA, with low (n = 9), moderate (n = 3), or high (n = 1) risk of bias. Seven studies used allogeneic MSCs (4 bone marrow, 1 umbilical cord, 1 placenta, 1 adipose tissue), 6 studies used autologous MSCs (3 adipose tissue, 2 bone marrow, 1 peripheral blood). Among the 11 studies examining cartilage outcomes, 10 found a benefit of MSCs on cartilage volume, morphology, quality, regeneration, and repair, assessed by magnetic resonance imaging, arthroscopy, or histology. The evidence for subchondral bone was consistent in all 3 studies in populations at risk of OA, showing beneficial effects. Sixteen unpublished, eligible trials were identified by searching trial registries, including 8 with actual or estimated completion dates before 2016.

Conclusion

Our systematic review of early-phase clinical trials demonstrated consistent evidence of a beneficial effect of intraarticular MSC injections on articular cartilage and subchondral bone. Due to the heterogeneity of MSCs, modest sample sizes, methodological limitations, and potential for publication bias, further work is needed before this therapy is recommended in the management of OA.
An evaluation of factors affecting show jumping warm-up on subsequent show jumping performance in 1.30 m class
Authors: Chatel M.M. , Tabor G. , Williams J.R. , Williams J.M.
Published: October 2020

Show jumping causes physical and physiological stress on horses’ musculoskeletal structures, which can lead to decreased performance and injury. Appropriate warm-ups can enhance performance, decrease injury risk, as well as increase oxygen kinetics for better efficiency. Despite this, little is known for how warm-up routines affect show jumping performance. Forty-five warm-up routines of show jumpers preparing to enter the show ring were recorded and analysed. Kruskal Wallis analyses with post-hoc Mann Whitney U tests identified if the number of classes combinations completed, types of jumps attempted, warm-up duration, and time spent in each gait during the warm-up varied with rider and horse sex and age, and faults. Spearman correlations assessed if relationships occurred between warm-up duration and content, and the number of faults in the show ring, and horse age. Warm-up ranged from 3:51 to 62:46 min (median 15:09 min) and included at least two jumps (range 2-15). Walk was the most common gait, while upright fences were jumped the most. Knocking down or refusing a fence when warming up did not affect performance. Male riders jumped uprights twice as much as female riders (P<0.03) but this did not impact their performances. Jumping a class prior to the 1.30 affected warm-up, competitors spent longer on the flat before jumping in they had competed earlier in the day (P<0.05) and had fewer jump attempts if they had competed in the class just prior to the 1.30 m (P<0.007). Even though no significant differences were detected, combinations which accumulated >8 faults spent less time warming up. These results suggest warm-up tactics, riders and horses’ age and sex did not influence significantly fault accumulation in the show ring, however warm up routines were influenced by rider decision making and horse age.
The Effect of State Legislation on Opioid Prescriptions Following Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair
Authors: McDowell Christopher M. , Bradian Alexandria K. , Cheesman Quincy T. , Saini Sundeep S. , Nicholson Kristen J. , Tjoumakaris Fotios P. , Austin Luke S.
Published: October 2020

New Jersey State Law, P.L. 2017 Chapter 28 22, C.24:21–15.2, passed in February 2017, is the most restrictive opioid legislation passed thus far in the United States. This study evaluated the effects of this legislation on the postoperative opioid prescriptions of patients undergoing arthroscopic rotator cuff repair (RCR). Opioid prescriptions were compared following arthroscopic RCR before and after implementation of the new law using the New Jersey Prescription Monitoring Program Aware Drug Database. A consecutive cohort of patients who underwent RCR during a 6-month period prior to the legislation was compared with a consecutive cohort of patients who underwent RCR during a 6-month period after the law went into effect. The primary outcome measure was prescribed postoperative milligram morphine equivalents (MME) and number of pills prescribed. There were 265 patients in the pre-law cohort and 198 patients in the post-law cohort. In the pre-law cohort, there was a median of 1250 MME (interquartile range [IQR], 900–1800 MME) and a median of 100 pills (IQR, 60–175 pills) prescribed postoperatively. In the post-law cohort, a median of 900 MME (IQR, 550–1050 MME) and a median of 60 pills (IQR, 60–90 pills) were prescribed postoperatively. A comparison of pre-law and post-law data for MME and number of pills prescribed was statistically significant (
P
<.001). The median opioid consumption MME and number of pills prescribed following RCR decreased significantly following the implementation of the New Jersey state law. Findings of this study indicate state regulations may play a role in reducing narcotic consumption following RCR. [
Orthopedics
. 2021;44(1):e80–e84.]
Preparing Nurse Practitioner Students to Practice in Rural Primary Care
Authors: Brommelsiek Margaret , Peterson Jane A.
Published: October 2020

Background:

Gaps remain in rural primary care. To fill this gap, nurse practioner (NP) graduates may need additional training using a rural-specific curriculum framework to be ready to practice in rural primary care.

Method:

Ten NP students participated in a 16-week rural immersion. Preand postsurveys, online journaling, self-guided testing, simulation events, and postcourse focus groups were used to evaluate student progress using directed content analysis to identify key themes and to verify, organize, and categorize the collected data.

Results:

Students reported gains in rural culture competence, increased skills in health literacy and patient advocacy, improved communication and negotiating ethical issues with patients, and increased awareness of challenges in rural health care and the importance of resilience.

Conclusion:

An immersion learning experience with targeted didactic content and clinical practicum in rural primary care can help to enhance NP students' confidence and technical abilities for providing optimal rural primary care.

[
J Nurs Educ
. 2020;59(10):581–584.]
Opportunities and Implementation of Big Data Management in Academic Libraries
Authors: G. T. Mahesh , B. Nandeesha
Published: October 2020

Data has changed the world in an unbelievable way and made an impact on our lifestyles at an exceptional rate. Big data is now the latest science of exploring and forecasting human-machine behavior dealing with a massive amount of associated data. The study is intended to understand the intensity and the competencies of librarians in implementing big data initiative project in academic libraries by the Government of Karnataka State. The study also tries to understand the application of big data in these libraries; 68 (87.17%) librarians completed the survey out of 78 respondents. The results of the study showed a strong association, that is, 72 (92.30%) respondents had the essential competencies and 58 (75.64%) librarians ability, intensity, readiness in implementing big data in academic libraries.
Data Visualization and Data Granularity in Delivering Research Data in African Libraries
Authors: Adepoju Oluwaseun David , Dauphin Ruti
Published: October 2020

Data has been named the new oil that drives development both in academia and in the business world. It has been used to develop new products across all sectors of the global economy and recently in agriculture through precision agriculture and robotic farming. It should, however, be noted that no matter the potential for change and development a data set contains, it is very important to deploy the right interpretation techniques to make the data useful and meaningful. This chapter explores themes such as data visualization tools, data granularity, and data visualization tools. It also explained the advantages of data visualization and the types of data African libraries should be collecting.
Influence of Innovative Processes in the Competitiveness of Tourist Destination
Authors: Bekjanov Dilmurad , Matyusupov Bunyod
Published: October 2020

Tourism, with a high economic and social significance for the economy of many countries, is one of the fastest developing fields. A new challenge of transition to an innovative way of developing tourism industry is strongly proposed with the result of existing conditions of fierce rivalry in the field, economic and political instability in many regions, including the Republic of Uzbekistan, the fast-growing needs and demands of tourists. Therefore, destinations, importantly, have to determine their competitiveness to figure out their strengths and weaknesses and thereby develop their future conditions. The authors discuss the issues related to the innovation in tourism destinations and present its main directions in the sector, as well as factors affecting the innovative development of the fieldin Khorezm region of Uzbekistan. Moreover, the chapter illustrates the principles and basic requirements for the system of managing innovative activities in tourism destinations at macro, mesa, and microeconomic levels.
Women's Empowerment as a Tool for Sustainable Development of Higher Education and Research in the Digital Age
Authors: Kurchenko Lina , Kolomiyets-Ludwig Evhenia , Ilnytskyy Denys
Published: October 2020

The chapter deals with the global issue of advancing women's role in higher education and research (HE&R) as a mechanism for reaching the Sustainable Development Goal 5 – gender equality. Gender analysis method is employed to identify historical and current differences between women and men relative to their participation in HE&R and access to decision-making and resources therein. The focus is on the global challenge of gender disparities, including horizontal and vertical segregation, the androcentric academic culture, and the gender pay gap. The authors warn of possible contamination of AI with human gender biases, which can be detrimental to academic hiring and assessment procedures. Summarizing gender-equality policies and practices available worldwide, the authors give recommendations on women's empowerment in HE&R on the global, national, and organizational levels.
An Overview of the Frameworks for Measuring the Digital Competencies of College Students
Authors: Simović Vladimir M. , Domazet Ivana S.
Published: October 2020

The purpose of this chapter is to analyze the options for measuring the digital entrepreneurial competencies the college students acquire during the course of their formal education. The chapter examines the key aspects of various digital competence-related frameworks and proposes the development of a new methodology that will be focused on the digital entrepreneurial competencies of the students. This chapter proposes the development of the corresponding online assessment tool which could serve to measure the level of the acquired competencies by the students. The findings presented in this chapter may apply to other areas as well. The goal is to develop a set of competence assessment tools that could effectively determine the level of competencies the students acquire during the course of their formal studies and enable the formulation of adequate corrective measures in the curriculum plan.
Quality Management in Primary Dental Care
Authors: Syngelakis A. I. , Kamariotou Maria , Kitsios Fotis C. , Charalambous Chrystala , Polychronopoulou Argy
Published: October 2020

In dental care services, quality is an important factor that affects decision making, the planning of health strategies and policies, the cost of health services, and the evaluation of them. The evaluation of quality in dental services using the assessment methods that are used in other services of primary healthcare is difficult due to the special characteristics of dentistry. However, the improvement and the evaluation of primary oral healthcare services is a complicated issue because it involves many factors that affect it. Therefore, the purpose of this chapter is to provide a complete overview of the literature using Webster and Watson's methodology. Fifty peer-reviewed papers were analyzed and the results of this review revealed that the number of publications in this domain has increased in the last decade, and there is a need to foster research (especially empirical) in this field.
No One Left Behind?
Authors: Vozikis Athanassios , Fouskas Theodoros , Sidiropoulos Symeon
Published: October 2020

Asylum seekers, refugees, and migrants, who are living in RICs, are faced with multiple challenges and vulnerabilities that must be taken into consideration when responding to the COVID-19 pandemic. The chapter focuses on the COVID-19 pandemic concerns over increasing cases recorded in the RICs in Greece. The impact of migration on public health is of particular concern to Greek migration policy, as migrants in the country have a completely different epidemiological profile and higher risks to public health due to the poor living conditions in their countries of origin and during their stay. They live mostly in overcrowded reception and identification centers and accommodation centers under deplorable conditions, lack of proper shelter, extremely unhygienic living conditions. The urgent decongestion of the overcrowded RICs and accommodation centers is required to avoid the risk of rapid spread of the infection.
Agro-Tourism Customer Satisfaction Analysis Based on the Theory of Attractive Quality
Authors: Lachnidaki Maria , Grigoroudis Evangelos , Zopounidis Constantin
Published: October 2020

Customer satisfaction measurement is an important and critical issue of all businesses in the tourism sector, since it gives a better understanding of the needs and requirements of tourists. The Kano model is one of the most widely used approaches in analyzing customer satisfaction, aiming to categorize the quality attributes of products/services in different quality dimensions. The main aim of this chapter is to analyze customer satisfaction from an agro-tourism farm and prioritize potential improvement actions. The preliminary analysis has identified a large set of customer satisfaction criteria that refer to the location, the personnel, the activities, the cost, and the “green” aspects of the agro-tourism farm. The MUSA method has been applied in the context of Kano's theory of attractive quality. The main results show which satisfaction criteria mostly affect satisfaction and/or dissatisfaction, identifying the strong and the weak points of the farm. Finally, combining the previous results, it is possible to prioritize improvement actions.
After more than sixty years we are still unclear whether LSD has a place in clinical psychiatry
Authors: Saniotis Arthur
Published: October 2020

Dear Editor, The use of the psychedelic Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD) has again provoked scientific debate over its efficacy and safety. In the 1950s-1960s LSD was used in psychotherapy for treating depression, anxiety related to terminal cancer, addiction, and pain. (...)
Micro-Macro Acoustic Modeling of Heterogeneous Foams with Nucleation Perturbation
Authors: NGUYEN Cong Truc , Guilleminot Johann , Detrez Fabrice , Langlois Vincent , BORNERT Michel , Duval Arnaud , Perrot Camille
Published: October 2020

The properties of a polyurethane foam are greatly influenced by the addition of graphite particles during the manufacturing process, initially used as a fire retardant. These thin solid particles perturbate the nucleation process by generating bubbles in their immediate vicinity. A large body of work has focused on foams that are reasonably homogeneous. In this work, we propose a modeling approach for inhomogeneous foams that includes membrane effects and allows pore size distributions to be accounted for. The cellular structure of the foam is obtained through a random Laguerre tessellation optimized from experimental properties. The structure of real foam samples is analyzed using X-ray computed tomography and scanning electron microscopy, followed by image processing, to create three-dimensional, digital models of the samples. The corresponding effective material parameters, including the permeability, the tortuosity and the viscous characteristic length, are subsequently computed by applying a numerical homogenization approach. All the numerical data are presented, discussed and gauged against experimental results.
Finite Element Model Reduction Applied to Nonlinear Impact Simulation for Squeak and Rattle Prediction
Authors: Bayani Khaknejad Mohsen , Basheer Anoob , Godborg Filip , Söderberg Rikard , Wickman Casper
Published: October 2020

Increasing demand for simulation accuracy often leads to increased finite element model complexity, which in turn, results in higher computational costs. As a provision, component mode synthesis approaches are employed to approximate the system response by using dynamic substructuring and model reduction techniques in linear systems. However, the use of available model reduction techniques in nonlinear problems containing the contact type of nonlinearities remains an interesting topic. In this paper, the application of a component mode synthesis method in squeak and rattle nonlinear simulation has been investigated. Critical regions for squeak and rattle of the side door model of a passenger car were modelled by nonlinear contact definition in finite element simulation. Craig-Bampton model reduction method was employed to substructure the finite element model while keeping the nonlinear contacts in the model. The model response was evaluated using the modal assurance criterion, frequency response analysis and contact force magnitude in comparison with the baseline model. Results showed that a great reduction in computational time (about 98%) can be achieved while the accuracy of the system response was maintained at an acceptable range for the intended application for squeak and rattle simulation. Although the prediction of impact events in time was done accurately, the contact force magnitude was estimated with average error of 2.5% to 22%, compared with the baseline results. The outcomes of the study show that to empower squeak and rattle prediction by including contact interfaces in finite element simulations, implementation of the model reduction approach can compensate the simulation cost.
Democratising and Anticipating Everyday Futures Through Critical Design: A Review of Exemplars
Authors: Kuijer Lenneke
Published: October 2020

This article explores design’s relation with the future by analysing a collection of exemplars from design fiction and speculative design for their potential to democratise and anticipate visions of future everyday life in design. Future visions – both implicit and explicit ones – have a realising power of their own. This is especially true for design, the products of which co-shape the lives of millions of users. Rather than calling for a “better” future vision however, this paper draws on research from the social sciences and futures studies to argue for the importance of diversifying and enriching visions of future everyday life within design. Critical design is well equipped to contribute to this objective because it questions the status quo and is relatable and actionable for designers. The paper reviews exemplars from critical design for their potential to democratise and anticipate future everyday life.

To analyse their ways of engaging with future everyday life, the exemplars are positioned in the future cone model of probable, possible and preferred futures. Through this positioning, a distinction emerged between two forms of critical future engagement: alternative fictions and extrapolative fictions. Alternative fictions are explicitly positioned outside of generally expected futures, while extrapolative fictions are explicitly positioned within them. Both have their own strengths and limitations for democratising and anticipating future everyday life.

Alternative fictions enrol actors as “future people” and create scenes to depict future contexts, but can also include deployments in present day contexts to explore alternative human-artefact relations. Alternative fictions tend to be accompanied by alternative design practices. Extrapolative fictions do not include deployments and rarely propose alternative design practices, but they can play an important role in highlighting the underexposed risks of mainstream design pursuits.

Critical design can and should play a role in democratising and anticipating future everyday life. Alternative and extrapolative fictions can complement each other in this pursuit. Extrapolative fictions question the status quo from within and use the power of design to highlight underexposed aspects of expected futures. Alternative fictions question the status quo from without and use the power of design to creatively generate different objects that can be used to flesh out alternative ways of living and their related context. Further research is needed into how critical fictions are best integrated into mainstream design practices.
Computer Generated Inspiration
Authors: Pini Ezequiel
Published: October 2020

This pictorial addresses the new use of Computer Generated Imagery as a tool for contextualising and inspiring futures. Using research through design experimental methodology, these techniques allow us to create utopic spaces by embracing accidental outcomes, displaying an as yet unexplored path lacking the limitations of the real world. The resulting images prove how 3D digital imagery used in the design context can serve as a new medium for artistic self-expression, as a tool for future designs and as an instrument to raise awareness about environmental challenges. The term we have coined, Computer Generated Inspiration, embraces the freedom of experimentation and artistic expression and the goal of inspiring others through unreal collective imaginaries.
Pengaruh Penambahan Aspergilllus niger terhadap Kandungan Nutrien pada Proses Fermentasi Kulit Buah Kakao (Theobroma cacao)
Authors: Yakin Engkus Ainul , Sariri Ahimsa Kandi , Sukaryani Sri
Published: October 2020

Abstract

This research goal is to determine the nutrient content increased and decreased lignin content of cocoa pod fermented by Aspergillus niger. The assessment method was performed using the three treatments and four replications. T0 = cocoa pod fermentation without the addition of Aspergillus niger, T1 = cocoa pod fermentation by the addition of 5% Aspergillus niger, and T2 = cocoa pod fermentation by the addition of 10% of Aspergillus niger. Fresh cocoa pods were chopped to a size of 1-2 cm. Some of the cocoa pods are directly chopped, rolled, and dried while the rest are supplemented with Aspergillus niger. The mixture is stored within an aerobic medium for seven days. Observed variables include dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), crude fiber (CFt), crude fat (CF), and lignin. Data were analyzed with analysis of variance unidirectional pattern (Oneway ANOVA) of the completely randomized design (completely randomized design), then if there are significant differences will be further tested by Duncan multiple range test. The results showed that cocoa pod fermented with A. niger decrease of dry matter, crude fat, crude fiber, and lignin. The conclusion is the addition of Aspergillus niger 5% will lower the lignin content (5.38%) compared to without the addition of Aspergillus niger (7.84%).

Keywords: Aspergillus niger; Cocoa pod; Fermentation; Lignin

 

Abstrak

Penelitian dilakukan untuk mengetahui peningkatan kandungan nutrien dan penurunan kandungan lignin dari kulit buah kakao (KBK) yang difermentasi dengan A. niger. Metode penelitian yang dilakukan yaitu menggunakan tiga perlakuan dan empat ulangan. P0 = KBK fermentasi tanpa penambahan A. niger, P1 = KBK fermentasi dengan penambahan 5% A. niger, dan P2=KBK fermentasi dengan penambahan 10% A. niger . KBK segar  dicacah dengan ukuran 1-2 cm. Sebagian KBK yang dicacah langsung dikeringkan kemudian digiling dan sebagian lainnya diberi penambahan A. niger. Campuran dimasukkan ke dalam wadah aerob selama 7 hari. Penelitian ini dirancang menggunakan desain penelitian rancangan acak lengkap. Variabel yang diamati meliputi kandungan bahan kering (BK), protein kasar (PK), serat kasar (SK), lemak kasar (LK) dan lignin. Data dianalisis menggunakan sidik ragam pola searah (oneway ANOVA) dan dilanjutkan uji jarak berganda Duncan (Duncan multiple range test/DMRT), apabila nilai P<0,05. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa fermentasi kulit buah kakao dengan A. niger menurunkan kandungan air, lemak kasar, serat kasar dan lignin. Disimpulkan bahwa penambahan A. niger 5% dapat menurunkan kandungan lignin (5,38%) dibandingkan dengan tanpa penambahan A. niger 10% (7,84%).

Kata kunci : Aspergillus niger; Fermentasi; Kulit buah kakao; Lignin
Analisis Jumlah Coliform dan Faecal Coli (MPN) pada Daging Sapi dan Ayam di Kota Manokwari
Authors: Ollong Abdul Rahman , Palulungan John Arnold , Arizona Rizki
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Beef and chicken meat are potential as a medium for microbial growth such as coliform bacteria since it has a high nutrients content. Coliform bacteria in a given amount could be used as a hygienic indicator and a sign for the presence of pathogenic bacteria. The aimed of this research was to determine the amount of coliform and Escherichia coli on fresh beef and broiler chicken. The bacterial tests included qualitative tests as presumptive test, confirmed test, completed test whereas quantitavely test as Most Probable Number (MPN) to test the number of coliform and faecal coli. The results showed that pH in beef meat is normal and chicken meat shows under normal pH (pH in beef anf chicken meat are  5,7 – 5,98).   Coliform and faecal coli bacteria was detected in 100% of samples had MPN values > 1 MPN/g. It means that the value do not meet eligibility criteria consumption. The high number of Coliform and faecal coli contamination in beef and chicken meat were supposed in relation with market sanitation, cross contamination with other food, low knowledge about hygiene.

 Keywords: Number of coliform; Beef and chicken; Traditional market

 

Abstrak

Daging sapi dan ayam memiliki kandungan nutrisi yang tinggi sehingga menjadi media yang baik untuk pertumbuhan mikroba. Salah satu jenis bakteri yang sering mengkontaminasi yaitu coliform dan faecal coli yang merupakan indikator higienis dan sebagai tanda keberadaan bakteri patogen. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghitung jumlah coliform dan faecal coli pada sampel daging sapi dan ayam yang dijual di pasar traditional kota Manokwari menggunakan uji kualitatif yaitu uji presumptive test, confirmed test, completed test sedangkan kuantitatif yaitu Most Probable Number (MPN) untuk menguji jumlah coliform dan faecal coli. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai pH daging sapi dalam kisaran normal dan pH ayam tergolong rendah yang semuanya pada kisaran 5,7 – 5,98; dan  100% sampel daging sapi, ayam dan pedagang daging terkontaminasi bakteri coliform dan faecal coli dengan nilai MPN yang tidak memenuhi kriteria kelayakan konsumsi, yakni > 1 MPN/g. Tingginya cemaran coliform dan faecal coli pada daging sapi dan ayam terkait dengan faktor kualitas sanitasi pasar, kontaminasi silang dengan bahan makanan lain dan pengetahuan higienitas yang rendah.

Kata kunci : Jumlah coliform dan faecal coli; Daging sapi dan ayam; Pasar Tradisional
Aktivitas Urinasi dan Penampakan Ekor Berdiri Tegak Sebagai Indikator Tingkah Laku Kawin Rusa Timor (Cervus timorensis) Betina di Penangkaran Aro-M Manokwari
Authors: Pattiselanno Freddy , Gobay Alfrida , Pawere Frandz Rumbiak
Published: October 2020

Abstract A deeper knowledge regarding the biology of the reproduction of tropical deer in its natural habitat is limited. The appearance of a standing tail and increased urination behavior are sexual characteristics of female deer. This research aims to study the mating behavior of females based on urination activity and upright-tail appearance in female Timor deer. The results showed that the lowest urination frequency of female deer (12.37%) occurred between 10.0012.00, while the highest (22.22%) was between 08.00-10.00. The appearance of tails that stand upright most often occurs in 06.00 - 08.00 (26.55%), and the lowest (8.19%), observed at 12.00-14.00. This study concludes that urination activity and appearance of upright tails was an indicator of the sexual desire of female deer to be mated by the male. Keywords: Behavior; Captivity; Female deer; Mating; Urinating Abstrak Pengetahuan yang mendalam mengenai biologi reproduksi rusa tropik yang ditangkarkan pada habitat aslinya masih sangat terbatas. Penampakan ekor yang berdiri tegak dan tingkah laku urinasi yang meningkat merupakan ciri rusa betina yang sedang berahi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkah laku kawin berdasarkan aktivitas urinasi dan penampakan ekor berdiri tegak pada rusa timor betina. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa frekuensi urinasi rusa betina terendah (12,37%) terjadi pada periode 10.00- 12.00 sedangkan yang paling tinggi (22,22%), pada periode 08.00-10.00. Penampakan ekor yang berdiri tegak paling sering terjadi pada periode 06.00–08.00 yaitu (26,55%), dan terendah (8,19%), teramati pada pukul 12.00-14.00 wit. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini disimpulkan bahwa aktivitas urinasi dan penampakan ekor berdiri tegak dapat digunakan sebagai indikator birahi rusa berina yang siap untuk dikawini pejantan. Kata kunci: Penangkaran; Rusa betina; Tingkah laku; Kawin; Urinasi
Effect of Succession Planning on Leadership Elevation
Authors: Zafar Ammad , Khawaja Hummayun Akhtar Ghazal
Published: October 2020

Performance of any organization depends on productivity of leadership. the leaders are responsible for effective utilization of organization’s resources. The leader gives the directions to subordinate for accomplishment of task as per need. Study reveals, many organizations are lacking availability of leadership. Management people are not ready to perform future assignment. However, succession planning can be an effective tool for development of future leadership. Succession planning is the process of identifying key area and position of organization. it helps organization in identification of potential leader and competencies required to complete assignment. Succession planning improve the ability of employee and evaluate its performance. The study aims to analyze relationship between succession planning and leadership elevation. A survey of 300 personnel was conducted through closed ended questionnaire. 50% respondent belong to male and 50% to female. Convenience sampling is used to draw sample in the study. The study reveals succession planning has significant positive impact on leadership elevation.
Artists from Primorsky Krai at the New York’s exhibition facilities
Authors: Volkogonov Y.I.
Published: October 2020

The article describes the conditions and prerequisites for the creation of the Center for Contemporary Russian Culture and the Museum of Contemporary Russian Art in Vladivostok. The chronology of personal and group exhibitions at the sites of New York and Jersey City (USA), with the participation of artists from the Primorsky Krai, is indicated. The article describes the activities of Alexander Glezer and Alexander Gorodny in organizing exhibitions in Russia and abroad. The author gives an overview of the personal exhibitions of Alexander Pyrkov, Ilyas Zinatulin, Lilia Zinatulin, Fernan Zinatulin, Evgeny Makeev, Vladimir Ganin, Valery Shapranov, Anatoly Zaugolnov. Fragments of statements by art criticism and assessments of the works of Primorye artists by the American press are given.

В статье изложены условия и предпосылки создания в г. Владивостоке Центра современной русской культуры и Музея современного русского искусства. Указана хронология персональных и групповых выставок на площадках Нью-Йорка и Джерси-Сити (США) с участием художников Приморского края. Описана деятельность Александра Глезера и Александра Городнего по организации выставок в России и за рубежом. Дан обзор персональных выставок Александра Пыркова, Ильяса, Лилии и Фернана Зинатулиных, Евгения Макеева, Владимира Ганина, Валерия Шапранова, Анатолия Заугольнова. Приведены фрагменты высказываний арт-критики и оценок творчества приморских художников американской прессой.
Influence of images of the Great Patriotic War on the scenography of Krasnoyarsk in 1950–1980s
Authors: Voronova M.V.
Published: October 2020

This article contains a brief overview of the main performances of Krasnoyarsk theaters in the 1950s – 1970s, that depicts the theme of the Great Patriotic War. Its importance in the region's scenography and its main stylistic and aesthetic features were analyzed. The author continues to research materials about the history and aesthetic programs of Krasnoyarsk theaters in a new perspective. Previously, the whole picture of the development of theatrical and decorative art and scenography of Eastern Siberia was considered, without delving into the specifics of the embodiment of military themes in the perception of different generations of theater masters. This study examines the development of visual solutions for performances — the transition from a realistic to a philosophical interpretation. As a result, was found out the degree of influence on the quality of artistic design of performances and the nature of scenography in Krasnoyarsk in during the specified period, as well as the perspective for the development of the theme in the future.

Статья содержит краткий обзор основных спектаклей красноярских театров 1950–1980-х годов, в которых так или иначе затрагивается тема Великой Отечественной войны. Анализируется ее важность в сценографии региона и основные стилистические и эстетические особенности. Автор продолжает исследование материалов об истории и эстетических программах красноярских театров в новом ракурсе: если ранее рассматривалась вся картина развития театрально-декорационного искусства и сценографии Восточной Сибири, без углубления в специфику воплощения военной тематики в восприятии разных поколений мастеров театра, то в данном исследовании изучается развитие изобразительного решения спектаклей — переход от реалистической к философской трактовке. В итоге выявляется степень влияния тематики на качество художественного оформления спектаклей и общий характер сценографии в Красноярске в обозначенный период, а также перспективы развития темы в дальнейшем.
Paintings by Yuri Pimenov in the collection of the State Art Museum of Altai Krai
Authors: Kanaryova T.N.
Published: October 2020

The article presents the results of research on a number of previously undescribed works by Yuri Pimenov, an academician of the USSR Academy of arts and people's artist of the USSR. The author for the first time carried out a comparative analysis of three paintings from the collection of the State Art Museum of Altai Krai – “Railway station”, “Apple Trees in the rain” and “Decorating the column”. Here coloristics, composition and plot of paintings are studied. The author analyzes the motif of the way and road, the characters of each painting, and describes the color scheme of the paintings. Similar features and motives have been identified in paintings belonging to the pre-war, post-war periods and the time of Great Patriotic war. The described paintings deepen the idea of Yuri Pimenov as an artist of the war years.

Статья посвящена исследованию ряда ранее не описанных работ академика Академии художеств СССР, народного художника СССР Юрия Ивановича Пименова. Впервые проведен сравнительный анализ трех картин, находящихся в коллекции Государственного художественного музея Алтайского края: «Железнодорожная станция», «Яблони в дождь» и «Украшение колонны». Автор исследует колористику, композицию и сюжет живописных произведений. Проанализирован мотив пути-дороги, разобраны герои каждого полотна, описано цветовое решение картин. Выявлены схожие черты и мотивы в произведениях, принадлежащих к довоенному, военному и послевоенному периодам. Описанные картины углубляют представление о Юрии Пименове как художнике военных лет.
Effects of Carnosic and Gallic Acid on Ram Sperm Parameters and Seminal Plasma Homocysteine-Nesfatin Levels after Thawing
Authors: OZTURK Caner , GÜNGÖR Şükrü , AKSOY Neşe Hayat , İNANÇ Muhammed
Published: October 2020

In the presented study, the protective role of carnosic and gallic acid on post-thaw ram sperm acrosome and membrane integrity was examined, homocysteine and nesfatin levels were determined.

Six ejaculates for each ram were used in the study. Each ejaculate, split into five equal aliquots was diluted with extenders including 0.05 mM gallic acid (GA), 2 mM gallic acid, 0.05 mM carnosic acid (CA), 0.2 mM carnosic acid and no additive (control) at 37 °C cooled to 5 °C then frozen at nitrogen vapor.

Freeze-thawed ram semen viability was achieved in gallic acid 2mM (57.13± 2.38%) group and statistical difference was found with control group (45.08±2.98%) (p0.05). The lowest level of homocysteine was obtained in the gallic acid groups (0.67±0.11 and 0.61±0.26 μmol/L) and was found statistically different with the control group (1.36±0.9 μmol/L) (p0.05).

GA supplementation in ram semen extender has been determined to protect viability and membrane integrity also to decrease homocysteine level. There was no significant difference between the groups in the evaluation of nesfatin level.
Examining Relationship between Self-efficacy Beliefs of Elementary Level English Teachers and their Implementation Practices of Formative Assessment in Punjab
Authors: Ahmad Iftikhar , Akbar Rafaqat Ali
Published: October 2020

The purpose of the study was to examine curriculum implementation practices regarding formative assessment carried out by English teachers at elementary level in Punjab, and to see their relationship with their self-efficacy beliefs. The researcher used explanatory correlational research design to conduct this study. Data were collected from 576 English teachers of 288 elementary and secondary schools that were selected through multistage sampling technique. For this purpose, Teachers’ Sense of Efficacy Scale (TSES) and a self-developed Questionnaire on Curriculum Implementation Practices of Teachers (QCIPT) were used. Data were analyzed by using frequency percentages, means and Spearman correlation coefficient. The mean value revealed that implementation practices of English teachers regarding formative assessment were lesser than the optimal level. English teachers were found moderately confident in their capabilities regarding their classroom practices. A significant relationship was found between English teachers’ self-efficacy beliefs and their formative assessment practices. It was recommended that more practical work may be included in the programs to enhance their competence of curriculum implementation practices in formative assessment.
The Impact of Using Online Educational Tools on Science Learning among Students
Authors: Bakhtiarvanda Morteza
Published: October 2020

The present study aims to investigate the effect of using online educational tools on science learning among male students in the fifth year of primary school in Shahriyar city. Research method is semi-experimental based on pre-test - post-test design. All male students in the six year of primary school at Shahriyar city in the academic year 2016-17 that 260 of them were selected by random sampling. First, pages from the book of science without the use of educational tools in all classes are taught and filled researcher-made inventory of science learning (reliability of learning inventory using Cronbach's alpha coefficient was calculated and was used to assess the validity of the content from the point of view of primary school teachers and professors and experts). Then other pages of the math book using educational tools in 5 sessions of 30-minute was done supervised by teachers and researchers for all classes. Having the project been completed, researcher-made learning questionnaire was again conducted equal to the first questionnaire for all classes. And to analyze the assumptions, gamma test in agreement tables and non- parametric Spearman correlation test using SPSS software version 20 was conducted. The results showed that the active use of educational tools leads to a significant difference in science learning in students.