bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Relationship Between Parents’ Attitude Towards their Children’s Education and Level of Students’ Discipline in Public Secondary Schools in Naivasha Sub-County, Kenya.
Authors: Mwaniki Goodeve S.K , Kiumi Prof. J. Kanjogu , Ngunjiri Dr. M.
Published: May 2018

The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between parents’ attitude towards their children’s education and level of students’ discipline in public secondary schools in Naivasha sub-county, Kenya. The study targeted a total of 197 respondents (constituting 28 head teachers and 169 teachers). A total of 195 respondents participated in the study (169 teachers and 26 principals) participated giving a response rate of 99%. Purposive sampling technique was used to sample head teachers while Krejcie and Morgan’s (1970) table for determining sample size for teachers. Questionnaires were used as instrument for data collection. SPSS was used to analyze the data where both descriptive and inferential statistics were used. The analyzed data were presented in terms of graphs and tables. The results showed that there was a significant positive relationship between parents’ attitude towards child’s education and students’ discipline (r = .399, p = .000). Therefore, the null hypothesis that there was no significant relationship between parents’ attitude towards child’s education and students’ discipline was rejected at .05 level of confidence. The study therefore concluded that parents’ attitude towards child’s education influences students’ discipline in secondary schools in Naivasha sub-county. It was recommended that parents’ should have more positive attitude towards a child’s education. This can be realized through monitoring the academic performance of their children and taking keen concern on decline on the performance by engaging teachers.
Language-in-education policy issues and Karl Marx’s views on education
Authors: Mokibelo Eureka
Published: May 2018

This paper examines Botswana Language-in-Education Policy (LiEP) by relating it to the role of education as perceived by Karl Marx’s philosophy on ethnic minority groups in primary schools in Botswana. Botswana LiEP still recognizes only two languages of instruction despite the fact that it is a multilingual society with an estimation of 28 languages spoken in the country. The Marxist perspective on education is used as bedrock to describe the relevance of some of its principles and what the policy prescribes in primary school classes through citing some researches. All the cited researches were investigated through a qualitative approach using a questionnaire with open ended questions, interview, class observations, focus groups and field notes. The findings of these studies reveal that there are: inequalities in Primary School classes and beyond, lack of progression to the next levels of education, communication barriers which present themselves in many faces, and poor hostel conditions that impede on learners completion of lower education. This paper has concluded that indeed the capitalist education system imposes its ideology through the LiEP and it presents inequalities amongst learners in classrooms and beyond.
Assessing the reasoning skills of biology students in selected senior high schools in the central region of Ghana
Authors: Amoah Charles Agyei , Eshun Emmanuel
Published: May 2018

The purpose of the study was to determine the competency level of senior high school (SHS) biology students in reasoning skills and see whether the type of school a student attends and gender has influence on the proficiency in demonstrating reasoning skills when SHS biology students are engaged in laboratory work. The study adopted the “Basic Skills Assessment” approach. The population for the study was 665 SHS 3 elective biology students offering General Science programme for the 2015/ 2016 academic year in the Cape Coast Metropolis in the Central Region of Ghana. The sample consisted of 114 students from both single sex and co-educational Senior High Schools (SHS) offering elective biology for the West African Secondary School Certificate Examinations (WASSCE). Purposive sampling was used to select the schools which participated in the study. One single-sex girls’ school, one single-sex boys’ school and one co-educational (mixed) school were selected. The findings from the study revealed that school type was found to be significantly related to the performance of students at reasoning skills. However, single-sex boys did not differ significantly from mixed schools. Gender was found not to be significantly related to the performance of the students at reasoning skills. However, greater proportion of males exhibited same levels of reasoning skills than their female counterparts. It was recommended that female biology students must be made to do more laboratory work that involves reasoning to improve their reasoning skills.
A Study On Perception Of Business Students On The Future Job Market: A Case Study Of Umma University
Authors: Farah Salah Abdirahman , Ali Hussein Abdi
Published: May 2018

The perception of future country’s labor is important to be studied. The way they perceive the market in general and their future employers in particular cannot be wished away. The world has become very dynamic and so the employers. The needs of the market changes with the influence of so many factors among them the dynamism of technology. Students join courses they perceive important for them in one way or the other. One major factor why the youth pursue courses is to benefit out of it through gainful employment. Employers on the other hand are complaining about universities churning out half-baked graduates that can hardly cope with the stringent needs of the market. That the graduates are not productive and what they have being trained on is not relevant to the needs of specific jobs. This has led to many employers organizing short trainings for their new recruits.

In light of the above, the study sought to understand the perception of business students towards the future job market. It found out that close to two-thirds of business students have high expectations in terms of salaries and other benefits. This makes business courses being pursued by many students. Very few of the students have less expectations. More than half of the respondents are for the opinion that they will get a job during their first six months of graduation. High grades, good communication skills and having confidence are the major preferences of employers according to the research. The major causes of unemployment among the youth are lack of creation of job opportunities which has led to tribalism and nepotism in employment. This has locked out many qualified job seekers. Majority of business students prefer searching for a job rather than creating job opportunities themselves. A lot has to be done in order to streamline the courses offered by universities in order to cater for the needs of the market. There should be creation of awareness among the youth so that they prepare themselves for these needs. With these, both the students and their future employers will benefit and hence greater productivity.
Customer Loyalty, A Reality Or An Allegory: Exposing Dick And Basu (1994) Loyalty Segmentation Model In Bindura Fast-Food Industry
Authors: Kufakunesu Faustino , Kapesa Tonderai , Takundwa Tapiwa
Published: May 2018

The purpose of the study was to expose the reality about customer loyalty in developing countries using a case of Bindura fast-food industry. Customer loyalty is a very popular subject in the field of marketing. The majority of researches on customer loyalty were carried out in developed economies. To bridge the geographical gap, this study was conducted in a ‘third-world’ economy of Zimbabwe. Descriptive, correlational research designs were adopted backed by both quantitative and qualitative research paradigms. The research used primary data collected from 80 final consumers and 10employees selected through purposive sampling. The study indicated that, the majority of consumers in developing countries are not genuinely loyal to one supplier, but they continuously look for better alternatives basing on situational factors. It is therefore recommended that, new entrepreneurs must not hesitate to venture into new and existing industries assuming that customers belong to existing players.
The Effect of Perception of Use, Ease, Security and Confidentiality to Use E-Filing (Study In The Tax Office Pratama Raba Bima)
Authors: Aryani R .Ayu Ida , Herwanti Rr. Titiek , Basuki Prayitno
Published: May 2018

The research aim to examine and analyze the effect of perception of use, perception of ease, security and confidentiality to use of e-filing of the corporate taxpayer. The population in this study the number of taxpayers registered in the Tax Office Pratama Raba Bima which consists of Dompu Regency, Bima and Bima City amounted to 350 corporate taxpayers. The sampling technique is done by proportional stratified random sampling of 75 taxpayers. The research instrument is in the form of questionnaire and the data is analyzed with Smart PLS 2.0. The results showed that perception of use, perception of ease, security and confidentiality have positive and significant effect on the use of e-filing.
Effect of Strategic Analysis and Strategy Implementation on Service Quality of a Popular Telecommunication Company in Nigeria
Authors: C.N. Aguoru , S. Orsaah , M. Umogbai
Published: May 2018

This study critically examined the effect of strategic planning and strategy implementation on the service quality of a popular telecommunication network provider in Nigeria. A survey research design was adopted through the use of structured questionnaires randomly administered to some MTN staff in the north central axis. Hypotheses were formulated followed by data validation, reliability and analysis using appropriate descriptive and inferential statistics. The Kaiser- Meyer- Olkin (KMO) test which measured the sample adequacy was .656 while the Bartlett's Test of Sphericity was significant (X2= 84.362, p= .000). The overall result was reliable with the Cronbach’s Alpha values greater than 0.70 for each variable measured. Result showed that most of the workers (about 54%) had 2-4years working experience with the organization while the longest length of service was approximately 12% in the work force. All the parameters measured were above the minimum agreeable benchmark of 3.5. The environment of the business affects its performance with a mean value of 4.12. There are enough resources to help the organization achieve its goal (4.3). The analysis of resources in the organization has helped improve the quality of services rendered (4.25).  The adoption of strategic analysis by MTN helped in improving the service quality of company. Strategic analysis and strategy implementation each had significant relationship with service quality (F=25.48, p=0.000, R2= 53.5). All the seven indicators of service quality employed indicated high results. The organization is reliable with good assurance. Network quality recorded the highest mean (3.71). Other results such as competitive advantage and reliability (3.22) attested to the high service quality of the organization. With the average service quality of 3.09, the corporate planning of MTN is oriented towards retaining customers through the provision of high quality of its service.
Quality Enhancement: Vocational Skill Development And Entrepreneurship
Authors: Singh Rishika , Singh Dr. Mahalaxmi
Published: May 2018

India is fastest growing country in the world. We have largest technical manpower. In India the emphasis has been on general education , with vocational skill education and entrepreneurship at the receiving end. Coz of which large number of people are still unemployed. The article shows the recent growth in the area of vocational skills and entrepreneurship. India has only 4% skilled workforce. In the year 2022 109.73 million skilled manpower are required. The way in which innovation higher and vocational skill develop competencies for entrepreneurship is analyzed. Various ministers are trying to impart vocational courses through innovative institutions, specially launched for the purpose. In doing so the government is trying to maintain the quality of these courses. Under the 11th plan, vocationalization of education has received a boost with more funds being allotted for the purpose. The article ends with the recommendations on promoting vocational skill and entrepreneurship in society and the reforms that should be done in this field
Analysis of Information Systems Capabilities and Performance of Firms in Telecommunications Industry, Kenya
Authors: Kipyegon Bett, Alfred , Obura Dr. Johnmark , Oginda Dr. Moses
Published: May 2018

In the 21st century where economies are driven majorly by knowledge and information-based service businesses, telecommunication industries are playing a critical economic role both regionally and globally. In Kenya, with a combined subscription rate of 37.8 million based on a 2016/17 Communication Authority of Kenya report of 2017, Safaricom Kenya Limited controls about 71.2% of the subscribers, Airtel Kenya Limited is second with 17.6% with Telkom Kenya coming third with 7.4%. Finserve East Africa (Equitel) a new entrant in the market controls 3.8% of subscribers. These figures points to the fact that only Safaricom seems to be the only firm performing well. This reality forms the basis of establishing whether their difference in performance is attributable to their information systems capabilities. The purpose of this study was to analyse the relationship IS capabilities and performance of firms in the telecommunications industry in Kenya. It was anchored on Resource-Based Theory and guided by a conceptual framework with the dependent variable being firm performance while independent variable was IS capabilities. Correlational and survey research designs were used. The population of the study was 408 staff comprising all executive, management and operational level managers from the business and IT sections in each firm. A sample of 202 staff was drawn through proportionate stratified random sampling method. Primary data was collected using structured questionnaire and an interview schedule. Reliability of the research instrument was tested against Cronbach’s alpha coefficient where a reliability score of 0.814 was achieved while validity was gauged through research experts’ opinions. Data was analysed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings established that IS capabilities and firm performance have a weak relationship (r = 0.409, p<0.05) which means that whenever firms in industry invested on market based IS capabilities there was a small improvement on their performance and therefore firms should invest in the development of market based IS capabilities since they have significant influence on their performance. This study may be useful to industry players by gaining better understanding on various information system resources that they can utilize to improve and sustain their performance besides policy formulation. By advancing a model that depicts the relationship between information systems resources and firm performance, this study may make a significant contribution to theory building in the field of information systems.
The Impact of Crisis Management Strategy on the Performance of the Employees of Arab Potash Company "an Applied Study"
Authors: Majli Dr Amal Yassin AL , Farhan Tamimi Dr. Hamza
Published: May 2018

The study aimed at recognizing  the crisis management strategy and its impact on  in the performance of employees of Arab Potash company . The problem with the study is that the Arab Potash Company is under internal and external pressure can lead to a real crisis affecting the performance of employees and the resulting disruption of production and lower profits.  To achieve the aim of the study self administrated  questionnaire was used to collect the data . it was developed and disrributed to asample of (248) individuals. However, 8 copies were excluded for not being suitable for statistical analysis, so that the number of questionable questionnaires eligible for statistical analysis equal (240) copies.  This data has been analyzed using SPSS 16.  The study concluded many conclusions from them, potash company management teams used to work as a management methods to solve the problems they face, draw upon the company's management strategy change course when faced by crises is clear-cut, with the company's management is convinced that the tactical reserve strategy necessary to respond to crises. The study many of the recommendations, including, the need for concerted government and private efforts to reach appropriate solutions to mitigate the crises facing the Jordanian companies, the need to provide a center for the preparation of leaders and managers of companies, and equip them with the necessary capacity to deal with crises. The study suggested a more specialized in the field of crisis management studies.
The Influence of Financial Literacy, Social Environment Factors and Cultural Factors to Consumption Behaviour, (Survey on Faculty 0f Economics Students, Manado State University-Indonesia)
Authors: Watung Sjeddie Rianne
Published: May 2018

This research aims at scrutinizing and analyzing how financial literacy, social environmental factors and cultural factors affect consumption behavior of the students of Economics Education Department, Faculty of Economics Universitas Negeri Manado. The research design applies quantitative approach with survey method. The samples consist of 67 students who are chosen as the respondent by using proportionate stratified random sampling. Research instrument is quetionnaire using likert scale as the measurement, and instruments are tested by using validity and reliability tests (SPSS 16 application). Data analysis includes; 1) descriptive analysis, 2) classical assumption test, and 3) multiple linear regression analysis. The results of research are as follows 1). Financial literacy has a significant influence to consumption behaviour of the students, and the magnitude of financial literacy to consumption behaviour of the students is 33.1%; 2). social environmental factors has a significant influence to consumption behaviour of the students, and the magnitude of social environmental factors to consumption behaviour of the students is 34.91% 3). Social environment factors has a significant influence to consumption behaviour of the students, and the magnitude of social environment factors to consumption behaviour of the students is 32.4%, and 4) Financial literacy, social environmental factors and cultural fctors  have a significant influence to consumption behaviour of the students, and the magnitude of social environmental factors to consumption behaviour of the students is 83.5%. It can be concluded that financial literacy, social environmental factors and cultural factors partially and simultaneously affect consumption behaviour of the students of, Faculty of Economics Universitas Negeri Manado.
Real-Time Environmental Gamma Dose Rates Measurement and Evaluation of Annual Effective Dose to population of Shahbag Thana, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Authors: Tazmin Shamsad , Rahman Dr. Mohammad Sohelur , Yeasmin Selina , Ahsan Dr. M. Habibul , Mahfuzzaman Md.
Published: May 2018

Background: In this study, environmental gamma radiation dose rates were measured in the area of Shahbag Thana under Dhaka city, Bangladesh.

Aim of the study: This kind of study is required to detect the presence of natural and artificial radionuclides (if any) releasing from nuclear facilities in the country or from neighbouring countries. Materials and Method: The measurement was performed using a digital portable Gamma-Scout detector. The digital portable Gamma-Scout detector was placed at 1 meter above the ground on tripod and data acquisition time for each monitoring point (MP) was 1 hour. Total 27 MPs were selected for collection of gamma-ray dose rate in the outdoor environment of Shahbag Thana. The measurements were performed during light day from January to September 2017. The MPs were marked-out using Global Positioning System (GPS) navigation. The GP Sreading of the sampling locations were varied from E: 90˚23'32.94" to E: 90˚24'31.32" and from N:23˚44'19.38" to N: 23˚43'24.3". Results: The measured dose rates due to natural radionuclides were ranged from 0.085 ± 0.0245µSv.h-1 to 0.190526 ± 0.081886 µSv.h-1 with an average of 0.145265 ± 0.025192 µSv.h-1.The annual effective dose to the population from outdoor environmental gamma radiation was varied from0.104244 ± 0.030041 mSv  to 0.233661085 ± 0.100425 mSv. The range of dose rate and annual effective dosedue to outdoor environmental gamma radiation is lower than some countries like India, Sweden, China, CzechRepublic, Italy and higher than Canada, Turkey, Indonesia, Belgium, Albania, New Zealand and some other counties. Conclusion: From this study, it was observed that there is no burden of population exposure due to man-made sources. Therefore, it can be concluded that adequate safety and radiation protection of radiological facilities had been ensured which is required for minimizing of unnecessary exposure to populations from man-made sources. The estimated mean annual effective dose found in this study is not expected to contribute significant additional hazard from the radiological health point of view.
The prediction of moisture adsorption isotherm for sucrose powder in Côte d’Ivoire
Authors: Clément Yué Bi Yao , Clément Akmel Djédjro , Kablan Tano
Published: May 2018

Moisture sorption isotherms play an essential role in preservation and storage of dehydrated food. To study the behavior of sucrose, it’s moisture adsorption isotherm was investigated using the static gravimetrique method at laboratory temperature (29 ±1°C) in a water activity range (aw) of 0.07-0.97. The results showed that the equilibrium moisture content of sucrose increase substantially above aw = 0.6. The moisture adsorption isotherm was sigmoid in shap, showing a type III BET isotherm. The data obtained were fitted to several models including two-parameter (BET, Hasley, Kuhn and Oswin), three parameter (GAB). A non-linear least square regression analysis was used to evaluate the models constants. The GAB model best fitted the experimental data in the wide range of water activity. The best fitted equation provide a sound basis for futur work on the drying and storage of sucrose. The accurate moisture content and the stability profile of sucrose were determined. The results of determination show that sucrose powder was stable below 7.7% RH at 29°C. The content of water adsorbed in the monomolecular layer was calculated (GAB Xm=0.950 g H2O/100 g solids; BET Xm= 1.072 g H2O/100 g solids).
Antimicrobial activities of Pseudomonas spp. strains isolated from raw milk collected in Turkey
Authors: Bekci Hatice , Yuvalı Çelik Gökçen , Onbasili Dilsad
Published: May 2018

In the study, a total of fifteen Pseudomonas spp. strains were analysed. All the strains were isolated from raw milk samples collected from Kayseri and Nigde provinces in Turkey. Pseudomonas spp. were characterized to species level with the use of analytical profile index. The antimicrobial activity studies were investigated by using agar-well diffusion method. From the results, it was determinated P. aeruginosa and E. coli were significantly inhibited by Pseudomonas strains. Also, It was found that Pseudomonas strains had showed inhibition effect on lactic acid bacteria and lactic acid bacteria had significantly high inhibition effect on Pseudomonas strains.
Modeling and Model Comparison for Industrial Production Index of Turkey, Brazil and G7 Countries
Authors: Narinç Nihan Öksüz
Published: May 2018

In this study, it was aimed to modeling and model comparison for the industrial production index values of Turkey, Brazil and G7 countries among the years 1990-2017. The curve estimation methods (linear, quadratic, qubic, and hyperbolastic) and some non-linear time series models (Weibull, Negative Exponential, Brody, Gompertz, Logistic, Von Bertalanffy, Richards) were used for modeling the longitudinal data of monthly industrial production index values. The most fitted Gompertz model for all three data sets was determined according to the criteria of goodness of fit (coefficient of determination, mean square error, Akaike's information criterion, Bayesian information criterion), using the process between 1990-2008 (up to the 2008 crisis). After the 2008-2009 crisis, Brazil and G7 countries' industrial production index values were well below their expected values. In contrast, Turkey's expected values and the actual values for the industrial production index have been fairly close. Considering these results, it can be said that Turkey was less affected in terms of the effects of the 2008-2009 economic crisis than other countries. Industrial production index values of Turkey at 100th anniversary of the founding of the Republic of Turkey in 2023, and other important dates in 2041 and 2050 were estimated to be 177.62, 353.49 and 485.63, respectively.
A Legal Framework for Outer Space Activities in Malaysia
Authors: Mainura Tunku Intan
Published: May 2018

One common similarity that Malaysia has between itself and the international space programme[1] is the year 1957. [1] Gibson, R., ‘The history of international space programmes’, (2007) 23 (3) Space Policy 155.
Effectiveness of Heads of Schools in Supervising Teachers’ Teaching Activities in Secondary Schools in Kagera Region, Tanzania
Authors: Mwesiga Adolphina , Okendo Evans Ogoti
Published: May 2018

Head of schools are considered imperative in education system for influencing teachers’ teaching commitment to improve school performance and attaining quality education. This necessitated the need of this study to investigate the effectiveness of heads of schools in supervising teachers’ teaching activities in secondary schools in Kagera region. The study was guided by transformational theory. The reviewed literatures indicated the availability of several studies on school leadership and commitment of teachers as factors for school performance. However, still there was a need for investigating the effectiveness of school headship in supervising teachers’ teaching activities in secondary schools as a central variables for effective teaching in secondary schools, due to persisting challenges constrains on leadership effectiveness and education performance. The study employed convergent parallel design from mixed research approach. The target population of the study included all head of schools, academic masters/mistress and teachers in public secondary schools in Kagera region. The sample size comprised 32 schools, 32 head of schools, 32 academic masters/mistress and310 teachers. Probability and non-probability sampling techniques used to sample participants. Instruments for data collection was questionnaires, interview guide and document analysis guide. The study carried out a piloting study into two schools; comprising ten (10) participants. Content validity was established to ensure the validity of instruments, split half method used to ascertain the reliability of questionnaire, dependability and credibility determined the reliability of interview guide. Descriptive statistics used to analyze quantitative data with the use of SPSS version 22 and thematic analysis used for qualitative data analysis. Hypotheses were tested by Pearson Correlation. Results suggest strong significant relationship between school headship and teachers teaching commitment.
Assesment Of The Effectiveness To Which Lecturers Apply Learner-Centered Techniques In Teaching And Learning Process In Universities In Tanzania: A Case Study Of Mwenge Catholic University
Authors: Angelista Joseph , Gileard Minja
Published: May 2018

The study examines the effectiveness of implementing Learner Centered Techniques and approaches among lecturers at Mwenge Catholic University. Learner Centered Technique (LCT) is a competence-based instructional approach which seeks teachers’ active involvement of students in the classroom processes with emphasis on students’ learning. The study was guided by the following research questions; To what extent do lecturers and teacher students familiar with Learner Centered Teaching at MWECAU?

Which LCTs are most preferred by most lecturers during teaching and learning at MWECAU?

What skills does the LCT promote in teaching and learning process? What measures can be put in place to improve the implementation of LCT at MWECAU? Both qualitative and quantitative designs were used to examine to what extent lecturers at MWECAU apply LCT targeting lecturers and students at MWECAU. Questionnaires were the main tool used to collect data and statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 20 was used to analyze quantitative data. Findings revealed that to a higher extent the lecturers in the university understudy use learner centered techniques in teaching and assessment. The findings also indicate that Learner Centered Techniques promotes students’ creativity, critical thinking and independent learning. The Learner Centered Techniques used to encourage students’ engagement and in problem-solving skills to apply in daily life.
The Influence of Strategic Leadership and Organizational Learning on Organizational Performance with Organizational Citizenship Behavior as an Intervening Variable
Authors: Gusmão Fernando Dias , Christiananta Budiman , Ellitan Lena
Published: May 2018

This study aimed to analyze the influence of Strategic Leadership and Organizational Learning, on Organizational Performance with Organizational Citizenship Behavior as an intervening variable in the Ministry of Government of Timor-Leste. Research will be conducted on the Director-General of all Government Ministries as many as 18 Ministries and using 40 people as respondents. Data analysis using Partial Least Square (PLS). The results of the study showed with the approach of Partial Least Square (PLS) that the model of Organizational Performance is fit based on the criteria of R2, Q2. Strategic Leadership, Organizational Learning, Organizational Citizenship Behavior and Organizational Performance is valid and reliable. Strategic Leadership, Organizational Learning, affect Organizational Citizenship Behavior. Strategic Leadership, Organizational Learning affects Organizational Performance. Organizational Citizenship Behavior affects Organizational Performance. Strategic Leadership with indicator the ability to cohesion and sense of belonging and visionary provides the dominant influence on Organizational Performance. Next, Organizational Citizenship Behavior with indicator Conscientiousness effect is not directly on the largest Organizational Learning to Organizational Performance.
Perceptions On Recurrent Drought Incidents By Households In Janamora District, North Gondar Zone, Amhara Region, Ethiopia.
Authors: Yimam Mr. Dereje Amene , Zeleke Dr. Menberu Teshome , Krishnaiah Dr. Pujari
Published: May 2018

Recurring drought is a major challenge in the Drought Prone Area of Janamora in North Ethiopia. Rainfed agriculture is the major income activity of over 91% of the district's population. The objective of this study was to understand the rural farming community's perception of drought impacts on their livelihood status and their coping strategies at household level. This study was based on both primary and secondary data collected through a survey of 334 farming households and 35 years of precipitation and temperature data retrieved from National Meteorology Agency of Ethiopia. The results elucidated that the mean annual rain fall was 786.2mm and variability for years 1979-2013 reaches 27.2% at Janamora district. The variation of monthly maximum temperature was found to be CV% of 16.2% at Janamora district. The results indicated that more than  80% of farmers believed that temperature in the district had become warmer and over 90% were of the opinion that rainfall timing had changed, resulting in increased frequency of drought. Their perception conforms to measured precipitation and temperature trends in the district. Thus, the government should design policies aimed at improving these factors.
The Contribution of Agro forestry System to Tree Biodiversity Conservation and Rural Livelihood: The Case of Lay Armachiho District, Gondar, Ethiopia.
Authors: Yismaw Mr. Tilahun , Tadesse Dr. Behailu
Published: May 2018

The aim of this study was to assess the contribution of agro forestry system to tree biodiversity conservation and rural livelihood improvement, specifically, on-farm tree species diversity, evenness, richness indices, to examine the role of agro forestry system to biodiversity conservation and analyzing the contribution of agro forestry system to rural livelihood improvement. A total of 112 households were selected for the study based on simple random sampling. The collected primary data were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics by using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) and MS Excel.Shannon and Simpson’s diversity index, evenness and species richness were used to analyze on-farm tree species diversity, evenness and richness. Sorensen coefficient of similarity was used to analyze on-farm tree similarity. Species richness and evenness were very high in study area, which is higher in Weyna dega parkland than home garden and trees on pasture land. Similarly, home garden is lower than trees on pasture lands. Agro forestry systems showed the direct relationship of biodiversity conservation and planted/maintained of multipurpose tree species on farmland especially in parkland with the contribution of diverse benefits of the farmers to improve their socioeconomic condition. There were 77 tree/shrub species with their respective number of 36 families found in the study area. More than 18% of annual average of household income comes from agro forestry practices. Some of the agro forestry tangible product that benefits the households was fodder, fruit, fuel wood, and cash crops.
Analysis the effect of investment on poverty in Indonesia year 1990-2016
Authors: Surya Jen , Syechalad Mohd. Nur , Jamal Abd. , Nasir4 Muhammad
Published: May 2018

The purpose of this study was to analysis  the effect of investment on poverty  in Indonesia using two analyzes : long-term equilibrium analysis with cointegration equation and short-term analysis with linear regression method ECM (Error Correction Model) period 1990-2016. Results show that domestic investment and foreign investment  affect on poverty.
Influence of behavior, personal ability and leadership on cooperative performance in Aceh Province, Indonesia
Authors: Rizal Syamsul
Published: May 2018

This research was conducted to see the effect of behavior, personal ability and leadership on cooperative performance in Aceh Province. Data were obtained by distributing questionnaires to several respondents. Data processing follows multiple linear. The results showed that the behavior affects the performance of cooperatives, personal capabilities affect the performance of cooperatives, leadership affect the performance of cooperatives in Aceh Province.  Behavior, personal ability and leadership simultaneously affect the performance of cooperatives in Aceh Province.

Keywords: behavior, personal ability and leadership, performance
Escala diagramática para cuantificación de la severidad de la roya en hojas de teca
Authors: Cristiane-Delmadi Leila , De Pieri Cristiane , Sander-Porcena Alex , Luiz-Furtado Edson
Published: May 2018

La roya de la teca (Tectona grandis), causada pelo fungo Olivea tectonae, se ha presentado en varias regiones de Brasil en casos graves que conducen a la caída prematura de las hojas e incluso la muerte de la planta. Sin embargo, todavía no existe un método estándar para la evaluación de la severidad de la enfermedad en el campo. El objetivo de este estudio fue desarrollar y validar una escala diagramática para cuantificar la severidad de la roya en hojas de teca. La escala diagramática se desarrolló en función de la severidad de la enfermedad que abarca 0, 2.5, 5, 10, 20, 40 y 80% del área foliar con síntomas de roya. La escala fue validada por 10 evaluadores, que analizaron 50 hojas con un rango de severidad de la enfermedad, sin y con escala diagramática como ayuda de evaluación. Los evaluadores presentaron diferencias en la percepción de los niveles de severidad de la enfermedad. Con la adopción de la escala diagramática todos los evaluadores mejoraron la precisión de las estimaciones, hubo reducción en los errores absolutos y buenas estimaciones de repetitividad. La escala diagramática propuesta es adecuada para la evaluación de la severidad de la roya en las hojas de teca, siendo capaz de proporcionar precisión y repetitividad das estimativas.
Primer reporte del género Colletotrichum spp. en frutos de pimienta gorda (Pimenta dioica) en Veracruz, México
Authors: Velázquez-Silva Aidé , García-Díaz Silvia Edith , Robles-Yerena Leticia , Nava-Díaz Cristian , Nieto-Ángel Daniel
Published: May 2018

La pimienta gorda se ha visto afectada por antracnosis, enfermedad que ataca frutos provocando manchas marrón-oscuras hundidas, hasta necrosar los frutos. Entre 2015-2016 en el norte de Veracruz se colectaron frutos de pimienta gorda con y sin síntomas de antracnosis, de estos se obtuvieron 13 cultivos monospóricos; posteriormente fueron caracterizados morfológica, patogénica y molecularmente. Para la caracterización morfológica los aislados se sembraron en medio de papa dextrosa agar y descritos mediante 11 variables. Para la caracterización patogénica fueron inoculados en frutos de pimienta gorda de tres localidades, con y sin herida previa a la inoculación, los testigos fueron tratados con agua destilada estéril. Se evaluó la incidencia y severidad. Para la caracterización molecular se extrajo el ácido desoxirribonucleico por el método de extracción y purificación CTAB. La región del ITS fue amplificada con los primers ITS4, ITS5. La caracterización morfológica identificó dos especies: C. acutatum y C. gloeosporioides. Todos los aislados resultaron patogénicos en los frutos después de 11 días de la inoculación. Molecularmente se confirmaron los resultados de la identificación morfológica y de dos especies adicionales: C. fragariae y C. boninense.
Efecto del pH y temperatura sobre el crecimiento y actividad antagónica de Bacillus subtilis sobre Rhizoctonia solani
Authors: Jiménez-Delgadillo Rocío , Valdés-Rodríguez Silvia Edith , Olalde-Portugal Víctor , Abraham-Juárez Rosario , García-Hernández José Luis
Published: May 2018

En este estudio, se evaluaron los efectos de las condiciones ambientales (pH y temperatura) sobre la tasa de crecimiento y el efecto inhibitorio de diferentes cepas de Bacillus subtilis sobre Rhizoctonia solani. Las cepas de B. subtilis se cultivaron en caldo de infusión de papa. Se analizaron el comportamiento fisiológico y la tasa de crecimiento (dN / dt) de las cepas bajo diferentes condiciones de pH y temperatura. Las cepas mostraron un comportamiento diferente, lo que permitió establecer las condiciones óptimas y subóptimas de crecimiento para cada cepa. Los sobrenadantes exentos de células obtenidos en diferentes condiciones de crecimiento se usaron en una prueba cuantitativa de actividad antagonista in vitro frente a R. solani. Se demostró que el efecto inhibitorio de las cepas se presenta principalmente en la fase estacionaria.
Cicadélidos portadores de begomovirus en el cultivo de jamaica (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.)
Authors: Martínez-Cruz Julieta , Ochoa-Martínez Daniel Leobardo , Hernández-Morales Javier , Zamora-Macorra Erika Janet , Ramírez-Rojas Sergio
Published: May 2018

Los virus del género Begomovirus tienen una distribución mundial y a la fecha se sabe que son transmitidos exclusivamente por Bemisia tabaci. En 2016, se reportó un complejo de begomovirus asociados al amarillamiento de la jamaica (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) en México, entre los que se encuentra el Okra yellow mosaic Mexico virus (OYMMV). Con el propósito de conocer la entomofauna asociada al cultivo de jamaica portadora de begomovirus, se colectaron insectos en plantas con amarillamiento, aclaramiento de nervaduras y mosaico y se analizaron mediante PCR. Se identificaron tres especies de cicádelidos portadoras de OYMMV: Trypanalebra maculata, Kunzeana scimetara y Agallia excavata. Asimismo, se encontró que T. maculata y A. modesta son portadoras de los begomovirus Sida golden mosaic Buckup virus (SiGMBuV) y Melon chlorotic leaf curl virus (MCLCuV), respectivamente. Este es el primer reporte de cicadélidos portadores de begomovirus.
Availability of Phosphorus after Long‐term Whole and Separated Slurry Application to Perennial Grass prior to Corn Silage
Authors: Zhang H. , Bittman S. , Hunt D. E. , Bounaix F. , Messiga A. J.
Published: May 2018

Removing solids from whole dairy slurry (WS) can reduce P loading on fields. This study investigated the effects of 11 yr of applications of WS, separated liquid fraction (LF), commercial fertilizer, WS plus fertilizer, and a control on total and extractable (Kelowna) soil P in perennial grass (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) and two subsequent silage corn (Zea mays L.) crops. Plots received 200 kg N ha−1 with or without 40 kg P ha−1. Shoot biomass, P uptake, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi root colonization, and soil microbial P were determined for corn at six leaves. Whole‐crop and grain yield, P uptake, dry matter, and grain content were determined at maturity. The LF treatment received 30% less manure P than WS, had lower extractable soil P at 0 to 15 and 15 to 30 cm, and had lower total P at 0 to 15 cm. Historical treatments had no effect on soil microbial P or arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi colonization. At six leaves, corn shoot biomass, P concentration, and P uptake were related to historical P rates in Year 2, but the relationship was not apparent in Year 1. Starter P fertilizer increased shoot yield and P uptake for all treatments in both years. At maturity, most yield parameters for WS and LF were similar in Year 1, but in Year 2, there was a significant response to starter P fertilizer and a positive relationship between historical P rate and corn performance. This study shows that long‐term LF treatments reduced the risk of P pollution with relatively little effect on the P response of subsequent corn crops.

Core Ideas

Historical N‐based LF treatments had lower P surplus and soil P than WS.

Long‐term WS and LF treatments had no effect on AMF and soil microbial P.

Juvenile corn responds to starter P in high‐P‐testing soils.

The residual effects of long‐term LF on subsequent corn were small.

Use of LF may help reduce soil P accumulation on dairy farm soils.
Critical Thinking in Asynchronous Online Discussions: A Systematic Review | La pensée critique dans les discussions asynchrones en ligne : examen systématique
Authors: DiPasquale Joshua , Hunter William
Published: May 2018

Enhancing critical thinking is a common goal of higher education. Designing and facilitating learning environments in which critical thinking may develop is a key responsibility for instructors. In this paper, we seek to inform future research and practice by investigating instructional strategies that could be used to promote critical and reflective thinking in asynchronous online discussions. Our literature review was qualitative and systematic, and focused specifically on strategies that were effective in fully-online higher education contexts. Thematic analysis was used to synthesize the findings and conclusions from the various studies into recurrent themes and sub-themes. The results of the analysis indicated that practitioners should employ a multi-step approach to facilitating critical thinking and reflection in asynchronous online discussions. Implications for future research and practice are discussed.Améliorer la pensée critique est un objectif courant de l’éducation supérieure. Concevoir et faciliter des environnements d’apprentissage dans lesquels la pensée critique peut se développer est une responsabilité importante pour les instructeurs. Dans cet article, nous cherchons à renseigner les études et les pratiques futures en examinant les stratégies didactiques qui pourraient être utilisées pour promouvoir une pensée critique et réfléchie dans les discussions asynchrones en ligne. Notre examen des publications a été qualitatif et systématique. Il a été particulièrement axé sur les stratégies qui étaient efficaces dans les contextes d’éducation supérieure entièrement en ligne. L’analyse thématique a servi à synthétiser les résultats et les conclusions des différentes études en thèmes et thèmes sous-jacents récurrents. Les résultats de l’analyse indiquent que les intervenants devraient se servir d’une approche en plusieurs étapes pour promouvoir la pensée critique et réfléchie dans les discussions asynchrones en ligne. Une discussion de ce que cela implique pour les recherches et la mise en pratique est incluse.
Thinness = Beauty: Factors that Influence Women's Cognitive Bias Toward Weight Loss
Authors: Chou Chia-Chan
Published: May 2018

I created a framework for prioritizing the factors that influence women's cognitive bias toward slimness (WCBS), using multiple processes (modified Delphi method and analytic hierarchy process method) to overcome the limitation of using a single approach, and providing a visualization
model to understand the problem and identify factors that influence WCBS. After 2 rounds of modified Delphi surveys and an analytic hierarchy process survey were completed by a panel of 16 experts, I constructed a model in which it was revealed that the priority (strength of influence) of
the 4 identified WCBS dimensions was as follows: (1) mass media, (2) important others, (3) social factors, and (4) individual factors. My findings may help the mass media and educational institutions achieve social benefits by making accurate assessments and recommendations regarding WCBS.
Random flap survival with hyperbaric oxygen: daily versus twice-daily treatments
Authors:   UNLV School of Medicine, Division of Plastic Surgery, Las Vegas, Nevada, U.S., Weber Rachel , Silver Andrew , Williams Shelley J. , Stephenson Linda , Usera Phillip C. , Zhang Fan , Tian Honglin , Yang Wei , Wang Wei Z. , Fang Xin Hua , Zamboni William A. , Baynosa Richard
Published: May 2018

Purpose: Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO2) therapy is used to improve the survival of compromised flaps. Compromised flaps are complications encountered postsurgically, or in traumatic degloving or avulsion injuries. Failed flaps lead to persistence of the defect, requirement of another donor site, and psychosocial sequelae. Although evidence of the benefit of HBO2therapy is significant, there is no consensus on the optimal treatment regimen. The purpose of this study is to examine whether twice-daily treatments (BID HBO2) provide additional benefit compared to daily treatments (QD HBO2) in a rat compromised random flap model. Method: A rat random flap model was used with subjects divided into three groups: 1) control group; 2) QD HBO2; and 3) BID HBO2, where HBO2 was performed with 100% oxygen at 2.5 atmospheres absolute/ATA (253 kPa) for 90 minutes. After 10 days, areas of flap necrosis were measured and biopsies were taken for histologic analysis. Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA and paired t-tests. A P-value <0.05 was considered significant. Result: Both treatment groups had significantly increased mean flap survival compared to controls (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in flap survival between the QD and BID groups. Capillary proliferation in the QD group was increased compared with controls. Conclusion: Both QD and BID HBO2 protocols can significantly decrease random flap necrosis. However, the results of this study suggest there is no additional benefit gained with BID treatments. Clinical studies are warranted to confirm these findings and assist in formalization of protocols for the use of HBO2 in treating compromised random flaps.