bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multi-laboratory validation study of multilocus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) for Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis, 2015
Authors: Peters Tansy , Bertrand Sophie , Björkman Jonas T , Brandal Lin T , Brown Derek J , Erdõsi Tímea , Heck Max , Ibrahem Salha , Johansson Karin , Kornschober Christian , Kotila Saara M , Le Hello Simon , Lienemann Taru , Mattheus Wesley , Nielsen Eva Møller , Ragimbeau Catherine , Rumore Jillian , Sabol Ashley , Torpdahl Mia , Trees Eija , Tuohy Alma , de Pinna Elizabeth
Published: March 2017

Multilocus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) is a rapid and reproducible typing method that is an important tool for investigation, as well as detection, of national and multinational outbreaks of a range of food-borne pathogens. Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis is the most common Salmonella serovar associated with human salmonellosis in the European Union/European Economic Area and North America. Fourteen laboratories from 13 countries in Europe and North America participated in a validation study for MLVA of S. Enteritidis targeting five loci. Following normalisation of fragment sizes using a set of reference strains, a blinded set of 24 strains with known allele sizes was analysed by each participant. The S. Enteritidis 5-loci MLVA protocol was shown to produce internationally comparable results as more than 90% of the participants reported less than 5% discrepant MLVA profiles. All 14 participating laboratories performed well, even those where experience with this typing method was limited. The raw fragment length data were consistent throughout, and the inter-laboratory validation helped to standardise the conversion of raw data to repeat numbers with at least two countries updating their internal procedures. However, differences in assigned MLVA profiles remain between well-established protocols and should be taken into account when exchanging data.
Evaluation of Gene Xpert Mtb/Rif Assay for the Detection of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis in Sputum of Patients Suspected of Pulmonary Tuberculosis Visiting National Tuberculosis Centre, Thimi, Bhaktapur, Nepal
Authors: Thapa Ashok , Gurung P , Ghimire G R
Published: March 2017

Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the most deadly and common major infectious diseases in developing countries. Rapid and accurate diagnosis of tuberculosis is indispensable to adequately manage the disease and control its transmission. The objective of this study was to evaluate Gene Xpert MTB/RIF Assay for detection of M. tuberculosis in sputum of patients suspected of pulmonary tuberculosis and its comparison with traditional conventional methods.Methodology: A total of 138 patients sputum samples were collected and processed. Gene Xpert MTB/ RIF Assay, culture method and smear microscopy were performed under standard guideline inside biosafety cabinet class II. Data were reported, structured and analyzed using SPSS version 16.00. Study was carried out from June to November 2014.Results: Assay detected M. tuberculosis in 37 (26.81%) samples out of total 138. Of these 37, 10 and 3 were resistance and indeterminate to rifampicin respectively. Culture, Ziehl-Neelsen staining and Auramine staining were positive in 43 (31.16%), 18 (13.04%) and 24 (17.39%) samples respectively. Sensitivity, specificity, Positive predictive value and Negative predictive value of Assay were 76.74%, 95.79%, 89.19% and 90.09% respectively with reference to gold standard culture method.Conclusions: Assay was found rapid in direct detec tion of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in sputum sample and was also found more sensitive than both Ziehl-Neelsen staining and Auramine staining and especially showed good promise in diagnosis of smear negative specimens.SAARC J TUBER LUNG DIS HIV/AIDS, 2016; XIII(1), page: 16-22
Efficacy and Cost of Molecular Identification of Clinical Mycobacterial Isolates in a Resource Limited Setting
Authors: Ratnatunga Champa Neelakanthi , Wickramasingha S , Thevanesam V , Kumara K. G .R. Athula
Published: March 2017

Introduction: Many molecular methods of identification of mycobacteria are now available. With many molecular consumables now being available at low prices, routine identification in clinical laboratories is now possible, even in low/ middle income settings that have basic molecular facilities. This study was conducted to optimize a low cost PCR-RFLP based identification that can be used in such a laboratory.Methodology: DNA was extracted from mycobacterial cultures using five methods. Three were heat extraction and two were kit extraction methods. Yield and purity of extracted DNA was evaluated and PCR-RFLP was done on extracts to ensure that the DNA could be used for molecular assays. The method giving the highest yield at low cost was selected and DNA was extracted from 105 mycobacterial cultures from patients diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis. hsp65 PCR and restriction digestion with BstEII and HaeIII enzymes was done to identify mycobacteria, differentiate MTB complex from NTM and identify NTM species. gyrBPCR and restriction digestion with RsaI was done to identify MTB complex species. hsp65partial sequencing was done to confirm NTM species. Costs for molecular identification were calculated based on consumable cost.Results: Heat extraction in water (80 0C for 1 hour) provided a mean DNA yield of 30.07ng/μland mean A260/280 ratio of 1.45. Heat extraction methods gave significantly higher DNA yield compared to the kit extraction methods (ANOVA, p<0.05). hsp65 PCR-RFLP identified 102 isolates as MTB complex and 3 isolates as NTM. gyrBPCR-RFLP confirmed the 102 isolates as MTBC and showed that all isolates belonged to the MTB/ M africanum/ M canettiigroup. Hsp65 partial sequencing identified the NTM as 2 isolates of M aviumand 1 isolate that could not be identified. An algorithm for PCR-RFLP based identification was developed that allows identification of mycobacterial isolates at low cost (approximately USD 6.00 per sample). The NTM rate in this study population was 2.6%.Conclusions: Using heat extraction in water, PCR-RFLP based identification of clinical mycobacterial isolates can be established at low cost in a laboratory that has basic molecular facilities.SAARC J TUBER LUNG DIS HIV/AIDS, 2016; XIII(1), page: 23-31
Transnational R&D Centers and National Innovation Systems in Host Countries: Empirical Evidence from China
Authors: Cui Xinjian , Chen Bing , Chang Yan
Published: March 2017

With globalization of research and development (R&D), an increasing number of transnational R&D centers have been established in developing countries, including China. However, how these transnational R&D centers affect the host country's national innovation system (NIS) is still not clear. Building on the literature, this article puts forward hypotheses about transnational R&D centers' embedment process, which is gradually adaptive, cooperative, and dynamic. It then tests the hypotheses by means of a unique survey on transnational R&D centers in China. The results indicate that the embedding of transnational R&D centers has positive effects on the host country's NIS. Relational embedding, structural embedding, and virtual embedding have different influences with different lag periods of effects; the first two modes are the most influential. Transnational R&D centers in China still remain at the early stage of embedding. This article suggests that the Chinese government should take several measures to maximize the positive influences of transnational R&D centers on China's NIS.
Respiratory and Pulse Changes Due to Vestibular Stimulations in a Motion-Based Simulator
Authors: Ilbasmis Savas , Yildiz Safak
Published: March 2017

INTRODUCTION: One of the mechanisms leading to spatial disorientation (SD) is overstimulation of the vestibular system by various aircraft maneuvers. The objective of this study was to observe respiratory rate and pulse changes during vestibular system stimulations with the help
of two selected SD training profiles.METHODS: The respiration and pulse rates of 15 subjects were recorded in response to 2 sequential SD training profiles on a motion-based simulator. The session started with a motionless instruction period (IP), continued with a Coriolis profile
(CP) which stimulated the semicircular canals, and ended with a Dark Takeoff profile (DP) which stimulated the otolith organs. Recorded parameter means during profiles were statistically compared with IP mean values.RESULTS: The average age of all subjects was 23.67 ± 1.11.
Mean CP respiratory rate (23.43 ± 3.21) was higher than mean IP respiratory rate (21.39 ± 4.27) and mean DP pulse rate (79.88 ± 10.39) was lower than mean IP pulse rate (84.76 ± 14.26) of the subjects. These differences were statistically significant.DISCUSSION:
Data indicate that stimulation of the semicircular canals increased respiration rate while stimulation of the otoliths caused a reduction in pulse rate. This was considered to be a result of vestibulorespiratory reflex. Inputs from the vestibular otolith organs contribute to the control of
blood pressure during movement and changes in posture. Predicting pulse and respiratory changes due to aerial maneuvers may be important for pilot safety during flight.Ilbasmis S, Yildiz S. Respiratory and pulse changes due to vestibular stimulations in a motion-based simulator. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2017; 88(1):48–51.
Asymptomatic Wolff-Parkinson-White Pattern ECG in USAF Aviators
Authors: Davenport Eddie D. , Rupp Karen A. N. , Palileo Edwin , Haynes Jared
Published: March 2017

INTRODUCTION: Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) pattern is occasionally found in asymptomatic aviators during routine ECGs. Aeromedical concerns regarding WPW pattern include risk of dysrhythmia or sudden cardiac death (SCD), thus affecting the safety of flight. The purpose of this
study was to determine the prevalence and outcomes of aviators with asymptomatic WPW pattern and assess for risk factors that contribute to progression to dysrhythmia or symptoms.METHODS: The U.S. Air Force (USAF) ECG library database containing over 1.2 million ECGs collected over
the past 68 yr was used to identify 638 individual aviators with WPW pattern. Demographic, medical history, and outcome data were obtained by medical record review. Aviators who developed high risk features defined as symptoms, arrhythmia, or ablation of a high risk pathway, were compared
to those who remained asymptomatic.RESULTS: Prevalence of WPW pattern was 0.30% among all USAF aviators. Of the 638 individuals, 64 (10%) progressed to the combined endpoint of SCD, arrhythmia, and/or ablation of a high risk pathway over 6868 patient years, with average follow-up
of 10.5 yr. There were two sudden cardiac deaths (0.3%). Annual risk of possible sudden incapacitation was 0.95% and of SCD 0.03%. Those that progressed to high risk were significantly younger, had lower diastolic blood pressure, lower total cholesterol, and better physical fitness testing
scores.DISCUSSION: WPW pattern on ECG found in asymptomatic aviators confers < 1% annual risk of arrhythmia or incapacitating events with the highest risk in the younger, healthier, and most fit populations.Davenport ED, Rupp KAN, Palileo E, Haynes J. Asymptomatic Wolff-Parkinson-White pattern ECG in USAF aviators. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2017; 88(1):56–60.
Evidence for −Gz Adaptation Observed with Wearable Biosensors During High Performance Jet Flight
Authors: Rice G. Merrill , Snider Dallas , Moore Jeffrey L. , Lavan J. Timothy , Folga Rich , VanBrunt Thomas B.
Published: March 2017

INTRODUCTION: Few studies have evaluated physiological responses to high acceleration forces during actual flight and to our knowledge no normative data has been acquired by technologies such as wearable biosensors during high performance jet aircraft operations.METHODS:
In-flight physiological data from an FDA cleared portable triaxial accelerometer and bio-sensor were observed from five active duty F-18 pilots of the Naval Flight Demonstration Squadron (Blue Angels). Of the five pilots, three were formation pilots who flew lower G profiles and two were solo
pilots who flew higher G profiles. Physiological parameters monitored were heart rate, respiratory rate, temperature, caloric expenditure, and duration of exposure to levels of acceleration.RESULTS: Evaluated were 25 practice demonstration flights; 9 flights were excluded secondary
to incomplete or inaccurate physiological data. We observed no significant bradycardia during a total of 189 maneuvers which met inclusion criteria for push-pull events (PPE) or isolated −Gz exposures. Further analysis of 73 PPE revealed an overall significant rise in HR following
the PPE, where mean heart rate was 106 (95% CI, 100:112) at the beginning of the push and 129 (95% CI, 123:135) following the pull.DISCUSSION: A majority of the flights monitored provided reliable physiological data. Initial data suggests, contrary to currently held aeromedical
doctrine, maneuvers such as the “push-pull” do not evoke vasovagal based bradycardic responses in aerobatic pilots. Possible explanations for these findings are sympathetic nervous system activation through adaptation and/or sustained isometric resistance from control inputs, both
of which are areas of future research for our team.Rice GM, Snider D, Moore JL, Lavan JT, Folga R, VanBrunt TB. Evidence for –Gz adaptation observed with wearable biosensors during high performance jet flight. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2016; 87(12):996–1003.
The Impact of Heavy Perceived Nurse Workloads on Patient and Nurse Outcomes
Authors: MacPhee Maura , Dahinten V. , Havaei Farinaz
Published: March 2017

This study investigated the relationships between seven workload factors and patient and nurse outcomes. (1) Background: Health systems researchers are beginning to address nurses’ workload demands at different unit, job and task levels; and the types of administrative interventions needed for specific workload demands. (2) Methods: This was a cross-sectional correlational study of 472 acute care nurses from British Columbia, Canada. The workload factors included nurse reports of unit-level RN staffing levels and patient acuity and patient dependency; job-level nurse perceptions of heavy workloads, nursing tasks left undone and compromised standards; and task-level interruptions to work flow. Patient outcomes were nurse-reported frequencies of medication errors, patient falls and urinary tract infections; and nurse outcomes were emotional exhaustion and job satisfaction. (3) Results: Job-level perceptions of heavy workloads and task-level interruptions had significant direct effects on patient and nurse outcomes. Tasks left undone mediated the relationships between heavy workloads and nurse and patient outcomes; and between interruptions and nurse and patient outcomes. Compromised professional nursing standards mediated the relationships between heavy workloads and nurse outcomes; and between interruptions and nurse outcomes. (4) Conclusion: Administrators should work collaboratively with nurses to identify work environment strategies that ameliorate workload demands at different levels.
Development and Evaluation of Poly Herbal Molluscicidal Extracts for Control of Apple Snail (Pomacea maculata)
Authors: Prabhakaran Guruswamy , Bhore Subhash , Ravichandran Manikam
Published: March 2017

Golden Apple Snail (GAS) is the most destructive invasive rice pest in Southeast Asia. The cost of synthetic molluscicides, their toxicity to non-target organisms, and their persistence in the environment have propelled the research of plant-derived molluscicides. Most research efforts have focused on individual plant extracts for their molluscicidal potency against GAS and have not been proven to be entirely effective in rice field conditions. Selective combination of synergistically acting molluscicidal compounds from various plant extracts might be an effective alternative. In this direction, ethanolic extracts from six different plants (Neem, Tobacco, Nerium, Pongamia, Zinger, and Piper) were evaluated against Pomacea maculata Perry. Of the various combinations studied, a binary extract (1:1) of nerium and tobacco (LC90 177.71 mg/L, 48 h), and two tri-herbal extract formulations (1:1:1) of (nerium + tobacco + piper) and (nerium + tobacco + neem) were found to be most effective, with LC90 values of 180.35 mg/L and 191.52 mg/L, respectively, in laboratory conditions. The synergistic effect of combined herbal extracts resulted in significant reduction in LC90 values of the individual extracts. The findings of this study demonstrate that the selective combinations of potent molluscicidal herbal extracts are effective for management of P. maculata under laboratory conditions.
Public Understanding and Attitudes towards Meat Chicken Production and Relations to Consumption
Authors: Erian Ihab , Phillips Clive
Published: March 2017

Little is known about public knowledge of meat chicken production and how it influences attitudes to birds’ welfare and consumer behaviour. We interviewed 506 members of the public in SE Queensland; Australia; to determine how knowledge of meat chicken production and slaughter links to attitudes and consumption. Knowledge was assessed from 15 questions and low scores were supported by respondents’ self-assessed report of low knowledge levels and agreement that their knowledge was insufficient to form an opinion about which chicken products to purchase. Older respondents and single people without children were most knowledgeable. There was uncertainty about whether chicken welfare was adequate, particularly in those with little knowledge. There was also evidence that a lack of empathy towards chickens related to lack of knowledge, since those that thought it acceptable that some birds are inadequately stunned at slaughter had low knowledge scores. More knowledgeable respondents ate chicken more frequently and were less likely to buy products with accredited labelling. Approximately half of the respondents thought the welfare of the chicken was more important than the cost. It is concluded that the public’s knowledge has an important connection to their attitudes and consumption of chicken.
Of Fur, Feather, and Fin: Human’s Use and Concern for Non-Human Species
Authors: Byrd Elizabeth , Widmar Nicole , Fulton Joan
Published: March 2017

The public’s concern for animal welfare is evolving and it is important to consider factors that are related to concern for animals and their use by humans. An online survey of 825 U.S. residents was conducted. Relationships between approval of animal uses and stated concern for animal welfare were examined. More than 90% of respondents reported that using animals for egg production, service or therapy, pets, and milk production was acceptable to them. Respondents who were younger or reported being female less frequently found most uses acceptable than older or male respondents. Half of respondents reported concern for the welfare of bison while 40% or more stated concern for the welfare of elk, beef cattle, and dairy cattle. Respondents who stated they were concerned for the welfare of dairy cattle less frequently reported accepting using animals for meat production, livestock shows, and hunting. Thus, self-reported concern for animal species and acceptance of the use of animals were related in some instances. A better understanding of the factors related to acceptance of animal uses and concern for animal welfare will help animal-related industries and wildlife agencies develop practices that are consistent with public attitudes.
Active Vibration Suppression of a Motor-Driven Piezoelectric Smart Structure Using Adaptive Fuzzy Sliding Mode Control and Repetitive Control
Authors: Lin Chi-Ying , Jheng Hong-Wu
Published: March 2017

In this paper, we report on the use of piezoelectric sensors and actuators for the active suppression of vibrations associated with the motor-driven rotation of thin flexible plate held vertically. Motor-driven flexible structures are multi-input multi-output systems. The design of active vibration-suppression controllers for these systems is far more challenging than for flexible structures with a fixed end, due to the effects of coupling and nonlinear vibration behavior generated in structures with poor damping. To simplify the design of the controller and achieve satisfactory vibration suppression, we treated the coupling of vibrations caused by the rotary motion of the thin flexible plate as external disturbances and system uncertainties. We employed an adaptive fuzzy sliding mode control algorithm in the design of a single-input–single-output controller for the suppression of vibrations using piezoelectric sensors and actuators. We also used a repetitive control system to reduce periodic vibrations associated with the repetitive motions induced by the motor. Experimental results demonstrate that the hybrid intelligent control approach proposed in this study can suppress complex vibrations caused by modal excitation, coupling effects, and periodic external disturbances.
Electronically Tunable Current Controlled Current Conveyor Transconductance Amplifier-Based Mixed-Mode Biquadratic Filter with Resistorless and Grounded Capacitors
Authors: Chen Hua-Pin , Yang Wan-Shing
Published: March 2017

A new electronically tunable mixed-mode biquadratic filter with three current controlled current conveyor transconductance amplifiers (CCCCTAs) and two grounded capacitors is proposed. With current input, the filter can realise lowpass (LP), bandpass (BP), highpass (HP), bandstop (BS) and allpass (AP) responses in current mode and LP, BP and HP responses in transimpedance mode. With voltage input, the filter can realise LP, BP, HP, BS and AP responses in voltage and transadmittance modes. Other attractive features of the mixed-mode biquadratic filter are (1) the use of two grounded capacitors, which is ideal for integrated circuit implementation; (2) orthogonal control of the quality factor (Q) and resonance angular frequency (ωo) for easy electronic tenability; (3) low input impedance and high output impedance for current signals; (4) high input impedance for voltage signal; (5) avoidance of need for component-matching conditions; (6) resistorless and electronically tunable structure; (7) low active and passive sensitivities; and (8) independent control of the voltage transfer gains without affecting the parameters ωo and Q.
Novel Composite Powders with Uniform TiB2 Nano-Particle Distribution for 3D Printing
Authors: Chen Mengxing , Li Xiaopeng , Ji Gang , Wu Yi , Chen Zhe , Baekelant Wouter , Vanmeensel Kim , Wang Haowei , Kruth Jean-Pierre
Published: March 2017

It is reported that the ductility and strength of a metal matrix composite could be concurrently improved if the reinforcing particles were of the size of nanometers and distributed uniformly. In this paper, we revealed that gas atomization solidification could effectively disperse TiB2 nanoparticles in the Al alloy matrix due to its fast cooling rate and the coherent orientation relationship between TiB2 particles and α-Al. Besides, nano-TiB2 led to refined equiaxed grain structures. Furthermore, the composite powders with uniformly embedded nano-TiB2 showed improved laser absorptivity. The novel composite powders are well suited for selective laser melting.
Friction Factor Correlation for Regenerator Working in a Travelling-Wave Thermoacoustic System
Authors: Mohd Saat Fatimah , Jaworski Artur
Published: March 2017

Regenerator is a porous solid structure which is important in the travelling-wave thermoacoustic system. It provides the necessary contact surface and thermal capacity for the working gas to undergo a thermodynamic cycle under acoustic oscillatory flow conditions. However, it also creates a pressure drop that could degrade the overall system performance. Ideally, in a travelling-wave system, the phase angle between oscillating pressure and velocity in the regenerator should be zero, or as close to zero as possible. In this study, the hydrodynamic condition of a regenerator has been investigated both experimentally (in a purpose-built rig providing a travelling-wave phasing) and numerically. A two-dimensional ANSYS FLUENT CFD model, capturing the important features of the experimental conditions, has been developed. The findings suggest that a steady-state correlation, commonly used in designing thermoacoustic systems, is applicable provided that the travelling-wave phase angle is maintained. However, for coarse mesh regenerators, the results show interesting “phase shifting” phenomena, which may limit the correlation validity. Current experimental and CFD studies are important for predicting the viscous losses in future models of thermoacoustic systems.
Understanding Hydrothermal Dechlorination of PVC by Focusing on the Operating Conditions and Hydrochar Characteristics
Authors: Li Tian , Zhao Peitao , Lei Meng , Li Zhaozhi
Published: March 2017

To remove chlorine from chlorinated wastes efficiently, the hydrothermal treatment (HT) of PVC was investigated with a lower alkaline dosage in this work. Some typical operating conditions were investigated to find out the most important factor affecting the dechlorination efficiency (DE). The FTIR technique was employed to detect the functional groups in PVC and hydrochars generated to reveal the possible pathways for chlorine removal. The results show that the HT temperature was a key parameter to control the dechlorination reaction rate. At a HT temperature of 240 °C, about 94.3% of chlorine could be removed from the PVC with 1% NaOH. The usage of NaOH was helpful for chlorine removal, while a higher dosage might also hinder this process because of the surface poisoning and coverage of free sites. To some extent, the DE was increased with the residence time. At a residence time of 30 min, the DE reached a maximum of 76.74%. A longer residence time could promote the generation of pores in hydrochar which is responsible for the reduction in DE because of the re-absorption of water-soluble chlorine. According to the FTIR results, the peak intensities of both C=CH and C=C stretching vibrations in hydrochar were increased, while the peak at around 3300 cm−1 representing the –OH group was not obvious, indicating that the dehydrochlorination (elimination reaction) was a main route for chlorine removal under these conditions studied in this work.
Global Synchronization of Multichannel EEG Based on Rényi Entropy in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Han Junxia , Li Yanzhu , Kang Jiannan , Cai Erjuan , Tong Zhen , Ouyang Gaoxiang , Li Xiaoli
Published: March 2017

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has been defined as a pervasive neurodevelopmental disorder, involving communication, social interaction and repetitive behaviors. Currently, it is still challenging to understand the differences of brain activity between ASD and healthy children. In this study, we propose calculating the Rényi entropy of the eigenvalues derived from the signal correlation matrix to measure the global synchronization in multichannel electroencephalograph (EEG) from 16 children with ASD (aged 8–12 years) and 16 age‐ and sex‐matched healthy controls at the resting state. The results indicate that there is a significantly diminished global synchronization from ASD to healthy control. The proposed method can help to reveal the intrinsic characteristics of multichannel EEG signals in children with ASD and aspects that distinguish them from healthy children.
Theory of Regions for Control Synthesis without Computing Reachability Graph
Authors: Rezig Sadok , Achour Zied , Rezg Nidhal
Published: March 2017

This paper addresses the design of Petri net (PN) supervisor using the theory of regions for forbidden state problem with a set of general mutual exclusion constraints. In fact, as any method of supervisory control based on reachability graph, the theory of regions suffers from a technical obstacle in control synthesis, which is the necessity of computing the graph at each iteration step. Moreover, based on the reachability graph, which may contain a large number of states, with respect to the structural size of the system, the computation of PN controllers becomes harder and even impossible. The main contribution of this paper, compared to previous works, is the development of a control synthesis method in order to decrease significantly the computation cost of the PN supervisor. Thus, based on PN properties and mathematical concepts, the proposed methodology provides an optimal PN supervisor for bounded Petri nets following the interpretation of the theory of regions. Finally, case studies are solved by CPLEX software to compare our new control policy with previous works which use the theory of regions for control synthesis.
Aqueous-Organic Phase Transfer of Gold and Silver Nanoparticles Using Thiol-Modified Oleic Acid
Authors: López-Millán Alejandra , Zavala-Rivera Paul , Esquivel Reynaldo , Carrillo Roberto , Alvarez-Ramos Enrique , Moreno-Corral Ramón , Guzmán-Zamudio Roberto , Lucero-Acuña Armando
Published: March 2017

The handling of metallic nanoparticles often requires their dispersion into several polar and nonpolar solvents. Solid-phase stages or polymer-based ligands are commonly required to complete the transfer. The construction of a thiol ligand based in oleic acid, and its ability to efficiently assist in gold and silver nanoparticle aqueous–organic phase transfer is reported. After the transfer, the particles are completely dispersed in an organic solvent, preserving their diameter and morphology, as confirmed by ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy and scanning transmission electron micrographs.
Norm Retrieval and Phase Retrieval by Projections
Authors: Casazza Peter , Ghoreishi Dorsa , Jose Shani , Tremain Janet
Published: March 2017

We make a detailed study of norm retrieval. We give several classification theorems for norm retrieval and give a large number of examples to go with the theory. One consequence is a new result about Parseval frames: If a Parseval frame is divided into two subsets with spans W 1 , W 2 and W 1 ∩ W 2 = { 0 } , then W 1 ⊥ W 2 .
Towards a Platform of Investigative Tools for Biomimicry as a New Approach for Energy-Efficient Building Design
Authors: Chayaamor-Heil Natasha , Hannachi-Belkadi Nazila
Published: March 2017

Major problems worldwide are environmental concern and energy shortage along with the high consumption of energy in buildings and the lack of sources. Buildings are the most intensive energy consumers, and account for 40% of worldwide energy use, which is much more than transportation. In next 25 years, CO2 emissions from buildings are projected to grow faster than in other sectors. Thus, architects must attempt to find solutions for managing buildings energy consumption. One of new innovative approaches is Biomimicry, which is defined as the applied science that derives inspiration for solutions to human problems through the study of natural designs’ principles. Although biomimicry is considered to be a new approach for achieving sustainable architecture, but there is still not enough access for architects to make use of it, especially to implement biomimetic design strategy in architectural project. The main objective of this paper is to raise awareness of architects making use of biomimetic strategies with better accessible facility. We propose to create the tool setting relationship to formalize and bridge between biological and architectural knowledge, along with investigative tools to investigate the ability of reducing energy consumption by applying the biomimetic strategies on efficient-energy building design. This article hypothetically proposes an investigative tool based on Bayesian networks for testing the rapid result of choices from natural devices according to specific multi-criteria requirements in each case study.
Synthesis of Renewable Diesel Range Alkanes by Hydrodeoxygenation of Palmitic Acid over 5% Ni/CNTs under Mild Conditions
Authors: Duan Yanan , Ding Ranran , Shi Yanchun , Fang Xiao , Hu Husheng , Yang Mingde , Wu Yulong
Published: March 2017

Recently, the catalytic upgrading of bio-oil to renewable diesel has been attracting more and more attention. In the current paper, carbon nanotube (CNT)-supported nickel catalysts, namely, 5% Ni/CNTs, were prepared for liquid hydrocarbon production through the deoxygenation of palmitic acid, the model compound of bio-oil under a mild condition of 240 °C reaction temperature and 2 MPa H2 pressure. The experimental results revealed that the main reaction product was pentadecane (yield of 89.64%) at an optimum palmitic acid conversion of 97.25% via the hydrodecarbonylation (HDC) process. The deoxygenation mechanism for palmitic acid conversion was also investigated. This study provides technical parameters and a theoretical basis for further industrialization in the bio-oil upgrading process.
Biotemplated Mesoporous TiO2/SiO2 Composite Derived from Aquatic Plant Leaves for Efficient Dye Degradation
Authors: Yan Zhiying , He Jiao , Guo Lei , Li Yueting , Duan Deliang , Chen Yongjuan , Li Junjie , Yuan Fagui , Wang  Jiaqiang
Published: March 2017

The biotemplating technique is an environmental-protective high-efficiency new technology by which the resulting TiO2 may simultaneously attain the duplication of structure and self-doping elements from biotemplate materials, which is highly desirable for photocatalytic applications. In this paper, aquatic plant leaves—including reed, water hyacinth, and duckweed—were used as both templates and silicon precursors to successfully synthesize biomorphic TiO2/SiO2 composite with mesoporous structures. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, N2 adsorption–desorption, and UV–visible diffuse reflectance spectra were applied to characterize the microstructures of the samples. The results show that all TiO2/SiO2 composites are mainly composed of an anatase phase with mesoporous structure and possess high specific surface area. Compared with commercial Degussa P25 TiO2, all TiO2/SiO2 samples display intensive light-harvesting efficiency, particularly in the visible light range. The activities were evaluated by using gentian violet as a target for photocatalytic degradation experiments under simulated solar irradiation. The TiO2/SiO2 samples templated by reed and water hyacinth leaves exhibit high activity, while the TiO2/SiO2 samples obtained from duckweed are inferior to P25 in the degradation of gentian violet. A synergistic effect of SiO2 incorporation and structural construction through biotemplating is proposed to be beneficial to photocatalytic activity.
A Short Critical History on the Development of Meteorology and Climatology
Authors: Neves Gustavo , Gallardo Nuria , Vecchia Francisco
Published: March 2017

The present study presents a brief discussion regarding the evolution of meteorology from the sixteenth to the twenty-first century, throughout antiquitiy, Aristotle’s legacy, and contemporaneity. Part of the text is dedicated to illustrating the emergence of Brazilian climatology and a new paradigm, postulating physical geography and the French School of Climatology and Meteorology.
A Reversible Single-Crystal to Single-Crystal Thermal Phase Transformation of 3-(2-Bromo-4-(1-methylethyl)phenyl)-1,1-dimethyl urea
Authors: Kariuki Benson , El-Hiti Gamal
Published: March 2017

3-(2-Bromo-4-(1-methylethyl)phenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea was synthesized and structurally characterized at 296 K, 200 K and 140 K. A reversible thermal phase transformation was observed at ~170–180 K. On cooling, the structure transforms from a monoclinic to a triclinic crystal system. The isopropyl group is disordered above the phase transition temperature but is ordered below the transition temperature.
Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal Dammann Grating by Patterned Photoalignment
Authors: Fan Fan , Yao Lishuang , Wang Xiaoqian , Shi Liangyu , Srivastava Abhishek , Chigrinov Vladimir , Kwok Hoi-Sing , Wen Shuangchun
Published: March 2017

In this article, a ferroelectric liquid crystal (FLC) dammann grating (DG) is demonstrated based on the patterned photoalignment technology. By applying low electric field (10 V) on the FLC DG, the grating can switch between a diffractive state with 7 × 7 optical spots array and a non-diffractive state, depending on the polarity of electric field. The FLC DG shows very fast switching speed with switching on time and off time to be only 81 μs and 59 μs respectively. Comparing with other fast LC DGs such as the ones based on blue phase LC or dual-frequency LC, the switching speed of the proposed FLC DG is about one order faster, which provides great potential and perspective for the FLC DG to be applied in a broad range of optical applications such as optical communication and beam shaping.
Interactive Effects of Endogenous and Exogenous Nutrition on Larval Development for Crown-Of-Thorns Starfish
Authors: Caballes Ciemon , Pratchett Morgan , Buck Alexander
Published: March 2017

Outbreaks of crown-of-thorns starfish are often attributed to step-changes in larval survivorship following anomalous increases in nutrients and food availability. However, larval growth and development is also influenced by the nutritional condition of spawning females, such that maternal provisioning may offset limitations imposed by limited access to exogenous sources of nutrients during the formative stages of larval development. This study examined the individual, additive, and interactive effects of endogenous (maternal diet: Acropora, Porites, mixed, and starved) and exogenous (larval diet: high concentration at 104 cells·mL−1, low concentration at 103 algal cells·mL−1, and starved) nutrition on the survival, growth, morphology, and development of larvae of the crown-of-thorns starfish. Female starfish on Acropora and mixed diet produced bigger oocytes compared to Porites-fed and starved treatments. Using oocyte size as a proxy for maternal provisioning, endogenous reserves in the oocyte had a strong influence on initial larval survival and development. This suggests that maternal reserves can delay the onset of obligate exogenous food acquisition and allow larvae to endure prolonged periods of poor environmental nutritive conditions or starvation. The influence of exogenous nutrition became more prominent in later stages, whereby none of the starved larvae reached the mid-to-late brachiolaria stage 16 days after the onset of the ability to feed. There was no significant difference in the survival, development, and competency of larvae between high and low food treatments. Under low algal food conditions, larvae compensate by increasing the length of ciliated feeding bands in relation to the maximum length and width, which improve food capture and feeding efficiency. However, the effects of endogenous nutrition persisted in the later developmental stages, as larvae from starved females were unable to develop larger feeding structures in response to food-limiting conditions. Phenotypic plasticity influenced by endogenous provisions and in response to exogenous food availability may be an important strategy in boosting the reproductive success of crown-of-thorns starfish, leading to population outbreaks.
Complications from Surgeries Related to Ovarian Cancer Screening
Authors: Baldwin Lauren , Pavlik Edward , Ueland Emma , Brown Hannah , Ladd Kelsey , Huang Bin , DeSimone Christopher , Van Nagell John , Ueland Frederick , Miller Rachel
Published: March 2017

The aim of this study was to evaluate complications of surgical intervention for participants in the Kentucky Ovarian Cancer Screening Program and compare results to those of the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian Cancer Screening trial. A retrospective database review included 657 patients who underwent surgery for a positive screen in the Kentucky Ovarian Cancer Screening Program from 1988–2014. Data were abstracted from operative reports, discharge summaries, and office notes for 406 patients. Another 142 patients with incomplete records were interviewed by phone. Complete information was available for 548 patients. Complications were graded using the Clavien–Dindo (C–D) Classification of Surgical Complications and considered minor if assigned Grade I (any deviation from normal course, minor medications) or Grade II (other pharmacological treatment, blood transfusion). C–D Grade III complications (those requiring surgical, endoscopic, or radiologic intervention) and C–D Grade IV complications (those which are life threatening) were considered “major”. Statistical analysis was performed using SAS 9.4 software. Complications were documented in 54/548 (10%) subjects. For women with malignancy, 17/90 (19%) had complications compared to 37/458 (8%) with benign pathology (p < 0.003). For non-cancer surgery, obesity was associated with increased complications (p = 0.0028). Fifty patients had minor complications classified as C–D Grade II or less. Three of 4 patients with Grade IV complications had malignancy (p < 0.0004). In the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian Cancer Screening trial, 212 women had surgery for ovarian malignancy, and 95 had at least one complication (45%). Of the 1080 women with non-cancer surgery, 163 had at least one complication (15%). Compared to the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian Cancer Screening trial, the Kentucky Ovarian Cancer Screening Program had significantly fewer complications from both cancer and non-cancer surgery (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.002, respectively). Complications resulting from surgery performed as a result of the Kentucky Ovarian Cancer Screening Program were infrequent and significantly fewer than reported in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian Cancer Screening trial. Complications were mostly minor (93%) and were more common in cancer versus non-cancer surgery.
Physical Intelligence and Thermodynamic Computing
Authors: Fry Robert
Published: March 2017

This paper proposes that intelligent processes can be completely explained by thermodynamic principles. They can equally be described by information-theoretic principles that, from the standpoint of the required optimizations, are functionally equivalent. The underlying theory arises from two axioms regarding distinguishability and causality. Their consequence is a theory of computation that applies to the only two kinds of physical processes possible—those that reconstruct the past and those that control the future. Dissipative physical processes fall into the first class, whereas intelligent ones comprise the second. The first kind of process is exothermic and the latter is endothermic. Similarly, the first process dumps entropy and energy to its environment, whereas the second reduces entropy while requiring energy to operate. It is shown that high intelligence efficiency and high energy efficiency are synonymous. The theory suggests the usefulness of developing a new computing paradigm called Thermodynamic Computing to engineer intelligent processes. The described engineering formalism for the design of thermodynamic computers is a hybrid combination of information theory and thermodynamics. Elements of the engineering formalism are introduced in the reverse-engineer of a cortical neuron. The cortical neuron provides perhaps the simplest and most insightful example of a thermodynamic computer possible. It can be seen as a basic building block for constructing more intelligent thermodynamic circuits.
Testing for a Structural Break in a Spatial Panel Model
Authors: Sengupta Aparna
Published: March 2017

We consider the problem of testing for a structural break in the spatial lag parameter in a panel model (spatial autoregressive). We propose a likelihood ratio test of the null hypothesis of no break against the alternative hypothesis of a single break. The limiting distribution of the test is derived under the null when both the number of individual units N and the number of time periods T is large or N is ﬁxed and T is large. The asymptotic critical values of the test statistic can be obtained analytically. We also propose a break-date estimator that can be employed to determine the location of the break point following evidence against the null hypothesis. We present Monte Carlo evidence to show that the proposed procedure performs well in ﬁnite samples. Finally, we consider an empirical application of the test on budget spillovers and interdependence in ﬁscal policy within the U.S. states.
Universities and Epistemology: From a Dissolution of Knowledge to the Emergence of a New Thinking
Authors: Barnett Ronald , Bengtsen Søren
Published: March 2017

This paper examines the relation between epistemology and higher education. We shall start by briefly examining three classical texts on the understanding of knowledge at universities, as well as noting some others, and go on to sketch a version of our own. Our argument is as follows: the world is such that the relationship between the university and knowledge remains fundamental but that it needs to be reconceptualised. In particular, the 21st century is seeing the emergence of digital reason, which could be said to be a form of non-reason. It may appear, therefore, that we are witnessing the dissolution or severing of the relationship between the university, on the one hand, and knowledge and truth on the other hand. To the contrary, we argue for what we term an ecological perspective on knowledge, with the concept of ecology being treated in the most generous way, partly as a way of rethinking the university into the future. The idea of knowledge as a defining concept of the university still has mileage in it.
SmartContent—Self-Protected Context-Aware Active Documents for Mobile Environments
Authors: De Angelis Francesco , Di Marzo Serugendo Giovanna
Published: March 2017

Mobile devices make it possible to create, store, access, share or publish personal content on the Internet, anywhere and at anytime. This leads to situations of potential intentional or unintentional misuse of content as well as privacy issues. Recent techniques involving the use of contextual information focus on access of documents stored in clouds, or authentication for secured Web sites. These techniques or more traditional solutions, such as steganography or Digital Rights Management, do not empower the user itself, or data controller in professional settings, with a fine-grained control of the access to or manipulations actions on documents stored on mobile devices, e.g., copying, sharing, etc. In this paper, we propose SmartContent, a novel approach for content protection and privacy. Documents are active and context-aware documents that sense and analyse their current context, e.g., location, noise, neighbouring devices, social network, expiration time, etc. Based on user provided policies, they grant, deny or limit access and manipulation actions, or destroy themselves if necessary. We present the generic model of SmartContent, a concrete architecture and an implementation of a proof-of-concept specifically designed for mobile devices. We deployed it on tablets and showed that a picture dynamically reveals or conceals itself based on sensed context or on changing policies. The implementation leverages the SAPERE middleware specifically developed for context-aware systems.
Angle Control-Based Multi-Terminal Out-of-Step Protection System
Authors: Sauhats Antans , Utans Andrejs , Antonovs Dmitrijs , Svalovs Andrejs
Published: March 2017

From time to time a sequence of unexpected and overlapping contingencies may lead to power system angular instability and even blackouts if not addressed adequately by means of an out-of-step (OOS) protection system. The motivation of the paper is an attempt to develop a workable prototype of the OOS protection system. The deficiencies of the protection currently used in the Latvian Power System network are highlighted and a new protection structure is proposed. The protection system comprises of several strategically located terminals, exchanging information in real time by means of a communication network. The OOS condition detection method is based on system-wide generation sources, electromotive forces, vectors, and angle control. The network splitting decision is based on generator coherence evaluation. Protection terminals determine online the groups of coherent generators and choose the splitting boundary from a predefined transmission lines (TLs) cut sets list. The protection system structure, algorithm of operation, and possible IEC 61850 communication standard-based implementation are described.