bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stone Mineral Salt Solution As A Potential Nutrient For Biosurfactant And Biosolvent Production On Meor Application
Authors: Rani Devitra Saka , Kadarwati Sri
Published: March 2022

Bioproduct from microbial enzymatic activities such as biosurfactant, bioacid, biosolvent, and biopolimer is a useful product in improving oil recovery. The nutrient factors such as the difference and variation of the nutrient, influence microbial growth and enzymatic activities. The objective of this study is to examine the feasibility of Stone Medium Salt Solution (SMSS) as a potential nutrient for biosurfactant and biosolvent production on MEOR application. In the tube test, microbial mixed culture and 3 asphaltic crude oils, tested as C1, C2, and C3, were examined in 0%, 25%, 75%, and 100% SMSS concentrations. The microbial activities were determined by pH, viscosity, and interfacial tension measurements under microaerophilic and aerophilic conditions at 0-day and 7-day incubations. The Microbial Core Flooding (MCF) experiment was measured to observe in field application. The microbial consortia in all crudes had good growth using 100 % SMSS medium. After 7 days, the population increased in both microaerophilic and aerophilic conditions. The interfacial tension and viscosity of all crudes decreased except the viscosity of C1 in microaerophilic condition. The highest decrease occurred in C2 crude, which reduced 51% of interfacial tension and 58.73% of viscosity. Although the result of MCF experiment showed insignificant recovery (only 1.63% from Original Oil in Place), this study proves that SMSS nutrient can be applied in MEOR research by ex situ biosurfactant and biosolvent production for enhancing oil recovery.
Revised Zonal Subdivision Of The Late Miocene Nannoplankton Biostratigraphy For Kutei Basin
Authors: Panuju Panuju
Published: March 2022

Lithological complexity and intense hydrocarbon exploration with the objective of Late Miocene sediments in Kutei Basin has provided the impetus for more refined Late Miocene nannoplankton zonation than the standard global schemes of Martini (1971). Investigation to the quantitative nannoplankton analysis results in Kutei Basin has been done, and there is evident that the deltaic sediments of this basin give an excellent nannoplankton assemblage dataset to refine the Late Miocene biostratigraphy. Biostratigraphically, Late Miocene ranges from the middle part of zone NN9 to the middle part of zone NN12 of Martini zonation (1971). Zone NN11 is the most crucial zone to be refined since this zone has long time interval (more than 2m.a.). In this paper, this zone can be subdivided into 7 subzones (NN11a-NN11g) based on relatively permanent occurrences of 6 biomarkers. They are from the base to the top, as follow: FO Discoaster quinqueramus, LO. Minilitha convalis, LO Discoaster bergenii, FO Amaurolithus primus, FO Reticulofenestra rotaria, LO, Discoaster berggrenii, LO. Reticulofenestra rotaria and LO Discoaster quinqueramus. In spite of zone NN9, NN10 and NN12 which have relatively short stratigraphic ranges, each zone can also be subdivided into 2 subzones. The base and the top of zone NN9 is indicated respectively by the FO and LO Discoaster hamatus. It can be subdivided by the FO Discoaster prepentaradiatus into subzone NN9a and NN9b. Zone NN10 is marked by the LO Discoaster hamatus at the base and FO Discoaster quinqueramus at the top. It can be subdivided into subzones NN10a and NN10b by the LO Discoaster bollii. Zone NN12 is characterized by the LO Discoaster quinqueramus at the base and the FO Ceratolithus rugosus at the top. This zone can be subdivided into subzone NN12a and NN12b by the LO Helicosphaera intermedia.
Research by Design: The Promise of Design-Based Research for School Library Research
Authors: Rawson Casey , Sandra Hughes-Hassell
Published: March 2022

The field of school librarianship continues to grapple with the twin concerns of a gap between research and practice and a shortage of usable, middle-range theories generated within the discipline. Design-based research (DBR), a methodology developed over the past two decades in the education field, offers a promising means of addressing both of these concerns simultaneously by placing research, design, practice, and theory generation into a real-world context. This article addresses the need for such a methodology in the school library field, provides an overview of design-based research, summarizes some of the benefits and criticisms of this methodology, and suggests specific ways in which the school library field might make use of this approach.
Methods and Theories in the Study of School Librarianship
Authors: Everhart Nancy
Published: March 2022

As researchers and practitioners in our field, we most often focus on the results of studies rather than on the methods that produced those results or the theories that support them. In this issue of School Libraries Worldwide we do take a look at them and are excited to present you with a rather large issue (ten full articles) and array of topics.
Reviewing the Research and Evidence: Towards Best Practices for Garnering Support for School Libraries
Authors: Haycock Ken , Stenström Cheryl
Published: March 2022

While concerns about cutting funds to school libraries have been expressed for many years, little investigation has been done into what techniques are effective in reversing this trend. This paper reviews the empirical research from several disciplines as it applies to the question of how school library funding can be positively affected. The results indicate that teacher-librarians can positively use the principles of interpersonal influence to create effective relationships with decision-makers that may in turn impact funding.
Teacher Librarians as Central Figures, Heroes, and Key Players Contents
Authors: Hunt Rebecca , Mardis Marcia
Published: March 2022

This theme of this issue of School Libraries Worldwide is "Celebrity: Teacher Librarians as Central Figures, Heroes, and Key Players." Celebrities captivate our attention through the media and according to Gabler (1994), "Celebrity is a learning process toward self-actualization and realization...celebrity is about gaining attention and acknowledgment -- about not being like everyone else (pp. 10, 13)."
Professional Learning Facilitators in 1:1 Program Implementation: Technology Coaches or School Librarians?
Authors: Lewis Melanie
Published: March 2022

A rationale for and history of 1:1 program implementation is provided in this literature review, which highlights the positive impacts, negative implications, and factors of successful implementation. The provision of a high level of ongoing professional support in both technical support and instructional design was noted as a key factor in successful implementation, which suggests that school leaders should seek to include technology facilitators as part of their instructional leadership team.
Inquiry Based Learning Models, Information Literacy, and Student Engagement: A literature review
Authors: Buchanan Shelly , Harlan Mary , Bruce Christine , Edwards Sylvia
Published: March 2022

This paper explores the research literature relevant to the increasingly popular field of Inquiry Based Learning (IBL) practices in K-12 academic environments. IBL is constructivist and student-centered (Barron & Darling-Hammond, 2008; Condliffe, Visher, Bangser, Drohojowska & Saco 2016; Duffy & Raymer, 2010; Kuhlthau, Maniotes, & Caspari, 2015), leveraging student motivation and engagement through its grounding in authentic, relevant study (Deci & Ryan, 2016; Saunders-Stewart, Gyles, Shore & Bracewell, 2015). Recent research shows positive academic and achievement gains for students engaged in IBL work and the practice is growing.
Helping students who hurt: Care based policies and practices for the school library
Authors: Harper Meghan
Published: March 2022

School libraries provide unique opportunities to help those students who are experiencing difficult or hurtful situations in their lives. This literature synthesis focuses on strategies that school librarians can use to build a library program based on the ethic of care, including providing instruction, curating a collection, and creating a library environment as a healing space for those who hurt. The synthesis concludes with policy and practice recommendations.
Exploring a World of Treasures at Munich's Internationale Jugendbibliothek/International Youth Library (IJB/IYL)
Authors: Naidoo Jamie Campbell
Published: March 2022

This article describes the history of the Internationale Jugendbibliothek/International Youth Library (IJB/IYL) in Munich, Germany and highlights various activities and outreach programs hosted by the library. There is a particular focus on the ways that school librarians, school library educators, or school library researchers can benefit from these services. The research fellowship programme offered by the IYL is also emphasized along with the author's experiences as one of the library's research fellows.
Exploring Research Topics in the Field of School Librarianship based on Text Mining
Authors: Joo Soohyung , Cahill Maria
Published: March 2022

This study used text mining to explore research topics in the two leading research journals in the field of school librarianship, School Libraries Worldwide and School Library Research. Titles and abstracts were collected from 225 articles of the two journals for the 10 years, 2006 through 2015. Term frequency analysis and topic modeling based on Latent Dirichlet allocation were employed to analyze the collected data. The findings showed the most frequently observed terms and imply the importance of learning, education and programing in school library research. Topic modeling extracted 20 research topics in the field including: school library programming; information literacy; professional roles; digital and technology leadership; research design; policy and management; and others. This study confirmed that programming related topics have been the most widely researched in school librarianship. In both journals, programming is a popular topic. Additionally, professional role, technology, and inquiry skills are amongst popular topics in School Libraries Worldwide, while information literacy, reading, and learning are more common topics in School Library Research.
Professional Standards: A Framework for Distance Learning Instructional Design
Authors: Schultz-Jones Barbara , Smith Daniella , Farabough Michelle , Milburn Stacie
Published: March 2022

The introductory course in an online distance learning program can provide a solid foundation towards achieving a professional identity. The American Association of School Librarians Standards for Initial Preparation of School Librarians (2010) was used to frame the online course design detailed and evaluated in this paper. Content analysis of course introductions and closing reflections from 401 students over eight semesters of coursework determined that the introductory course was establishing a foundation in accordance with those standards, as well as moving students toward upper levels of Miller’s Pyramid. This study clarified the appropriateness of using the AASL Standards as a design framework and Miller’s Pyramid as an assessment tool.
The School Librarian's Role in the Adoption of Open Textbooks
Authors: Baker Alesha , Carney Kelli , Schwark Cates
Published: March 2022

Trends in adopting open educational resources (OER) in K-12 schools have opened numerous opportunities for schools to utilize their school librarians in new roles. The purpose of this study is to examine if schools are using their school librarians during the transition to OER use and if so, in what capacity. If not, why? In this study we used Rogers' (2003) diffusion of innovation theory, which describes the importance of change agents in the successful adoption of an innovation. We used thematic analysis and descriptive statistics to examine the research questions. Participants include a sample of representatives from school districts, which have signed on to be a #GoOpen school. Our results show that less than half of the schools use their school librarians in the OER creation and adoption process, but many participants acknowledgeschool librarians possessed a specialized skill set which could be beneficial in future OER creation projects.
Information Literacy Skills of High School Students in Botswana
Authors: Dipetso Christinah , Moahi Kgomotso H.
Published: March 2022

In this study, we assessed information literacy skills of secondary school students in Gaborone, Botswana and established whether and how they are being taught IL skills. The study employed the Big 6 model and was a case study design in which qualitative methods were used. The findings showed that students had low to fair information literacy skills in problem definition, information search strategy, and location of information. Use of information, synthesis, and evaluation were areas of significant challenge. Teachers were aware of information literacy, but were not intentional in their teaching of IL skills. The recommendations are four-fold, a) that education authorities in Botswana should ensure that information literacy is an integral part of students' education by requiring subject teachers as well as teacher-librarians to be intentional in their approach to developing students' information literacy, b) collaboration between teachers and teacher-librarians for more coordinated information literacy initiatives, c) training of both subject teachers and teacher-librarians on pedagogies that integrate the teaching of information literacy.
PREVENÇÃO: STRENGTH, SAMSON, SSASS, METANÁLISE POLYPILL (TIPS-3, HOPE-3, POLYIRAN), DAPA-CKD
Authors:   Universidade Federal de São Paulo  - UNIFESP. Disciplina de Cardiologia.  São Paulo, SP, Brasil., de Oliveira  Izar Maria Cristina , Helfenstein Fonseca Francisco Antonio ,   Universidade Federal de São Paulo  - UNIFESP. Disciplina de Cardiologia.  São Paulo, SP, Brasil.
Published: March 2022

Estudos recentes mostram que iniciativas simples de estilo de vida ou o uso de terapias combinadas em uma única pílula podem modificar o risco de eventos cardiovasculares. No estudo STRENGTH, em pacientes tratados com estatinas e de alto risco cardiovascular, a adição de ômega-3 carboxilado não modificou o risco do desfecho primário composto, não se recomendando o uso dessa medicação em adição ao tratamento usual para redução de eventos cardiovasculares. No estudo SAMSON, foram avaliados escores diários de sintomas em pacientes que recebem estatinas, placebo ou não recebem medicação hipo- lipemiante que abandonaram o tratamento prévio com esses fármacos por intolerância. A maioria dos sintomas causados pelas estatinas eram “nocebo”, e os clínicos não deveriam interpretar a intensidade dos sintomas ou o momento do seu início ou do término como uma indicação de causalidade, pois o padrão é idêntico para o placebo. O estudo SSaSS avaliou os benefícios do substituto do sal contendo cloreto de potássio, comparado ao sal comum no AVC, eventos cardiovasculares e morte. Em pessoas com história prévia de AVC ou com idade maior ou igual a 60 anos com hipertensão arterial, as taxas de AVC, eventos cardiovasculares maiores e morte por qualquer causa foram menores com o substituto do sal do que com o sal comum e, se usado por toda a população haveria grande redução de eventos cardiovasculares. Na metanálise Polypill, que incluiu os estudos TIPS-3, HOPE-3 e POLYIRAN, foi avaliada a combinação fixa de pelo menos dois agentes anti-hipertensivos combinados com uma estatina (com ou sem aspirina), comparada com uma estratégia controle (placebo ou tratamento usual). As combinações fixas reduziram substancialmente a doença cardiovascular, infarto do miocárdio, AVC, revascularização e morte cardiovascular em pacientes em prevenção primária da doença cardiovascular. Já o estudo DAPA-CKD avaliou a eficácia e a segurança a longo prazo do inibidor de SGLT2, dapagliflozina em pacientes com doença renal crônica (DRC), com ou sem diabetes. O risco do desfecho composto por declínio mantido na TFGe de pelo menos 50%, doença renal terminal ou morte por causa renal ou cardiovascular foi significantemente menor com a dapagliflozina do que com o placebo, não obstante a presença de diabetes. Estes estudos mostram a importância da prevenção em vários níveis e com intervenções nutricionais, medicamentosas, quer na promoção da saúde, quer na prevenção secundária. Descritores: Ácidos Graxos Ômega-3; Estatinas; Diabetes; Doença Renal Crônica; Dieta
Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis: Tomographic manifestations and associated complications
Authors: Roberto Eduardo Guerra Estrada  , Edwin Camilo Arevalo Marquez  , Ricardo David Rodríguez Camargo  , Ingrith Tatiana Poveda Castillo  , Julián Miguel Gandur Ropero  , Leonardo Eduardo Dussan Duque  , Ever Raúl García Otero  , Yenia Quinto  , Mosquera Wilson  , David Martínez Palacios
Published: March 2022

Tuberculosis (TB) is a re-emerging disease and an important cause of mortality. It manifests in two forms: pulmonary, which affects only the lungs, and extrapulmonary, which is defined as bacteriologically confirmed or clinically diagnosed infection by Mycobacterium tuberculosis that involves organs other than the lungs, being the pleural one of the most common. Extrapulmonary tuberculosis is usually the result of hematogenous dissemination of pulmonary infection and, therefore, indicates long-standing disease. The diagnosis of these forms of presentation represents a challenge due to the varied clinical manifestations, which requires a high index of suspicion, and early identification is essential to establish adequate treatment in these patients, since this presentation represents greater morbidity than the pulmonary form.
Keanekaragaman dan Dominasi Jenis Pohon Di Kawasan Konservasi Pulau Pombo Kecamatan Salahutu Kabupaten Maluku Tengah
Authors: Wakano Deli , Kalsum Umi , Samson Efraim
Published: March 2022

Pombo Island has a high diversity of trees, these trees have a very important role in the forest community and function as life support. However, until now there have not been many supporting data to identify tree species on Pombo Island. The purpose of this study was to determine tree species, tree diversity and dominance in Pombo Island, Salahutu District, Central Maluku Regency. This research used transect and quadrant methods. The results of this study found 15 tree species, 29 individuals with a tree species diversity value of 2.5775, which means that the tree species in the Pombo Island area are in the medium category and the dominance value is 0.0802, which means that there are no dominant species.
Analisis Produksi Sagu (Studi Kasus di Desa Hatunuru Kecamatan Taniwel Timur Kabupaten Seram Bagian Barat)
Authors: Siahaya Troice E , Sahureka Mersiana , Seite Damaris
Published: March 2022

Sago trees, especially sago flour, have a high economic value. Various snacks made from sago flour are used as local foods such as sago tumang, papeda, and different cakes. This study aims to find out the economic value of sago production. Data collection method using interviews and direct surveys of 6 key informants who process sago. Primary and secondary data are analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. The results showed that sago trees have economic value. The result of calculating the monetary value for the roof is Â± Rp 304,660,000, sago tumang amounted to Â± Rp 55,987,750 to Â± Rp 68,808,250, and sago plate amounted to Â± Rp 14,030,000 per year so that the total economic value of sago production of Rp 785,160,000 / year. Sago contributes to the economic improvement of the community and is a culture that is as a local food of the Moluccas that must continue to be preserved.
HIGIENE, ALIMENTAÇÃO EQUILIBRADA E PRÁTICA DE EXERCÍCIO FÍSICO NO ENSINO BÁSICO:A IMPORTÂNCIA DA ABORDAGEM LÚDICA.
Authors: S. Silva Danielle , S. Campos Iasmin , L. S. Avelar Mariana , R. Pinheiro Náthale , Aziz Fernanda , Barbizan Petinari Roberta
Published: March 2022

O número de desordens metabólicas aumentou substancialmente nas últimas décadas em decorrência das mudanças dos hábitos de vida da sociedade, que são baseados em um cotidiano sedentário e associados a ingesta de alimentos hipercalóricos e de baixo valor nutricional. Quanto mais precocemente esses hábitos prejudiciais são observados, mais preocupantes são as consequências. Portanto, tomando como objetivo a prevenção dessas enfermidades a começar pelas faixas etárias mais baixas, foi trabalhado educação em saúde com crianças de 8 a 10 anos de idade, durante visitas quinzenais à Escola Municipal Honorinda Ferreira Cardoso, na qual foram desenvolvidas atividades lúdicas educativas abordando hábitos de vida saudável. A partir dessas atividades, temas sobre a importância da atividade física; higiene pessoal; seleção de alimentos nas refeições; receitas saudáveis e economicamente acessíveis foram desenvolvidas e discutidas. Para mensuração de resultados, os pais desses alunos foram questionados sobre possíveis alterações nos os hábitos dessas crianças. Pode-se observar que os objetivos das atividades lúdicas foram atingidos, pois os resultados do questionário demonstraram que as crianças estão mais críticas em relação ao consumo alimentos e à higiene pessoal e mais dispostas à prática de atividades físicas, além de multiplicarem esse conhecimento, levando-o a seu núcleo familiar.
Statistical Analysis Of Hydrological Drivers Of Landslide Inducing Factors Using Weights Of Evidence Approach On Kerch Peninsula
Authors: Krivoguz Denis
Published: March 2022

Article is devoted to statistical analysis of the influence of the surface water of Kerch Peninsula on landslides. We chose a distance from water as indicator that can be express the impact of surface water on landslides. The territory of the peninsula was divided into 5 classes according to the degree of distance. Thus, according to the results of the study, it was found that the greatest impact on landslides is observed at a distance of up to 500 m. On the other hand, it is noted that there is no effect of surface water on landslides at a distance over 2 km.
Environmental Impact of Cruise Shipping in Arctic Region
Authors: Kolçak İlterişhan Çağrı , Çetin Oktay , Saka Murat
Published: March 2022

The Arctic region has been gaining importance rapidly in recent years. Many parties and industries started to benefit from the region in different aspects. Gradually melting of glaciers and ice sheets due to global warming facilitated the growth of cruise tourism to be one of these aspects. The number of cruise ships and passengers in the Arctic has been increasing in the last decade, like growth in cruise industry globally. On the other hand, as the activities in the region increased, the possibility of environmental pollution that could occur in the region increased. The fact that the region has a sensitive and yet not fully explored ecosystem makes this environmental pollution potential even more important. In this paper, the impact of cruise tourism on environmental pollution in the Arctic region has been studied. Several factors were identified by reviewing the literature, reports, statistics, and legislation. These factors were clustered under main categories and possible impacts of each factor were discussed. Use of Heavy Fuel Oil (HFO) by cruise ships, amount of energy to operate cruise ships, waste generated onboard cruise ships and lack of infrastructure in the Arctic region were found as factors that have a crucial impact on the Arctic ecosystem.
Intravenous butorphanol as an adjunct to patient-controlled epidural analgesia with ropivacaine and sufentanil in labor: a randomized controlled study
Authors: Zhou Ting , Nong FengYuan , Wang MengXia , Liang ZhaoJia , Li YaLan
Published: March 2022

Background: Butorphanol was safely used for obstetric analgesia for many years. We attempted to determine if it increases the analgesic effect during patient-controlled epidural labor analgesia (PCEA) and if it affects the labor-process. Methods: Term pregnant women (N = 60) were randomly assigned to two groups, to receive either 1 mg intravenously butorphanol or 10 mL normal saline as placebo at 10 min before intrathecal anesthesia. Pain score, duration of first and second stage of labor, mode of delivery, umbilical artery blood gas, Apgar scores and adverse effects were recorded. Result: Butorphanol shortened the duration of the second stage of labor (t = –2.41, p = 0.019). Women in butorphanol group showed significantly increased incidence of pruritus (x2 = 20.32, p = 0.000), but they also showed significantly increased incidence of the adverse events such as maternal somnolence and dizziness (x2 = 8.366, p = 0.004; x2 = 26.447, p = 0.000 respectively). The pain scores of the two groups showed a linear reduction within 1 h (F = 8.878, p = 0.004), and from intravenous injection of butorphanol to the 5th minute after intrathecal analgesia, the analgesic scores of butorphanol group were significantly lower than those of placebo group (p < 0.05). At the third hour after intrathecal injection, the Visual analogue scale (VAS) score was significantly lower in butorphanol group than placebo group (95% Confidence Interval (CI) –3.02 to –0.28; t = –2.51, p = 0.021). Conclusions: i.v. butorphanol 1 mg alleviates the labor pain during intrathecal puncture, and It will be easier to get the cooperation of pregnant women and shortens the second stage of labor. It effectively relieved the pruritus, but increased the incidence of dizziness and somnolence.
Are fetal arrhythmias associated with maternal influenza viral infections during pregnancy?—A systematic review and report of two cases
Authors: Rimawi Bassam H. , Edwards Laura , Robinson Blair , Edwards James
Published: March 2022

Background: Influenza virus infection during pregnancy is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes, including congenital anomalies early in pregnancy; however, fetal arrhythmias have not been previously described in these pregnant women. In non-pregnant women, influenza viral infections are associated with arrhythmias and limited data exists regarding fetal arrhythmias secondary to maternal influenza infection. Methods: We performed an online systematic literature review, using PubMed, Google Scholar and Medline search engines to identify all listed publications that meet our inclusion criteria and identified a total of 40 articles. We reviewed abstracts, case reports, case series, surveillance or outbreak reports and observational cohort studies, and exlcuded non-English articles, as well as any unpublished reports, narrative reviews, irrelevant topics, and letter or editorials. We proposed to answer whether or not there is a possible association between maternal acquisition of influenza infection and fetal arrhythmias? Using the data search engines listed above, we identified a total of 40 articles through this search, of which 39 articles that did not meet our inclusion criteria. Thus, we identified only a single article that illustrated the key findings pertaining to our systematic review. In addition, we describe a case series of two additional cases. Results: Three cases were identified that demonstrate a possible association between maternal acquisition of influenza infection and fetal arrhythmias. In our case series, both cases required antiarrhythmic treatment during pregnancy and postnatally to achieve cardioversion to normal sinus rhythm. Neither of these pregnant women received vaccination against influenza at the time of their initial presentation. Conclusions: Fetal arrhythmias can lead to adverse pregnancy outcomes and can be treated early to allow for pregnancy prolongation and overall well-being improvement and chance for intact survival for the fetus and neonate. Based on our systematic review findings and current case series described here, we believe that there is a possible association between maternal influenza infection and fetal arrhythmias, thus, it seems reasonable to assess for concurrent maternal influenza infection in cases of fetal arrhythmias should other maternal symptoms be present for this infection. Larger observational studies are needed to assess if there truly is an association and whether or not a causal link can be established.
A prospective observational study on the influence of the difficulty of forceps application and the avulsion of the levator ani muscle
Authors: García-Mejido José Antonio , Fernández-Palacín Ana , García-Jimenez Rocio , Portillo Laura Castro , Aquise Adriana , Sainz Bueno José Antonio
Published: March 2022

Background: To compare the rate of levator ani muscle (LAM) avulsion between normal deliveries (ND) and forceps deliveries (FD) and to determine whether the difficulty of forceps application in FD is related to the occurrence of LAM avulsion. Methods: This prospective observational study included 240 primiparous patients (125 ND and 115 FD). FD were classified according to the difficulty of forceps application. The application was considered difficult if the fetal head was in a transverse position or if it was midforceps (head engaged by the leading part was above +2 stations) with the fetal head in the occipito-posterior position; otherwise, the application was considered easy. Ultrasound evaluation was performed 6 months after delivery, and complete avulsion was diagnosed when there was abnormal insertion of the LAM in all three central slices. Results: There were statistically significant differences between the ND and FD groups in the presence of LAM avulsion (15.6% vs. 38.3%; p < 0.0005), with a crude Odds Ratio (OR) of 3.36 and an adjusted OR of 4.219. However, there were no statistically significant differences in the LAM avulsion rates between the easy and difficult application groups (34.2% vs. 45.2%; p: 0.244). Conclusions: FD have higher rates of LAM avulsion than ND, although the difficulty of forceps application does not have an influence on the rates of LAM avulsion.
Cytoreduction can reduce the recurrence rate of patients with occult uterine sarcoma undergoing morcellation: a retrospective study
Authors: Ding Chao , Zhu Jianqing
Published: March 2022

Background: Tumor morcellation happened to facilitate iatrogenic metastasis for patients with occult uterine sarcoma. The optimal completion surgery for these patients needed to be established. Methods: Data were retrospectively collected and analyzed from patients with occult uterine sarcoma undergoing morcellation. Results: 19 consecutive patients with uterine sarcomas undergoing morcellation were accessed between January 2008 and December 2018, including 12 patients with uterine leiomyosarcoma and 7 with endometrial stromal sarcoma. Compared with a simple hysterectomy and individualized surgical resection for suspicious extra-uterine lesions, cytoreduction was significantly associated with a lower recurrence rate (p = 0.017), and none of the seven patients undergoing cytoreduction suffered a recurrence. However, the interval between the initial operation and re-operation, transabdominal route (laparoscopic vs. open surgery), and adjuvant therapy had no such significant difference. Conclusions: Cytoreduction was considered as the optimal completion surgery for patients with occult uterine sarcoma undergoing morcellation.
Uterus bioengineering as a future alternative to uterus transplantation
Authors: Manikantan Padma Arvind , Brännström Mats , Hellström Mats
Published: March 2022

Objective: To review the current knowledge on uterus bioengineering and discuss potential future directives. Uterus bioengineering may solve two major hurdles in organ transplantation of a uterus, organ shortage and control of rejection by immunosuppression. Mechanism: Literature search using PubMed. Findings in brief: Sixty-seven references were summarized that describe the scientific progress made on uterus bioengineering, including other studies related to the topic. Most articles describe work on rat models, including proof-of-concept that uterus bioengineering can be used to restore fertility after a partial uterine injury. These promising results are currently being translated to larger and more clinically relevant animal models. In particular, uterus-specific scaffolds produced by a process called “decellularization” that were developed for the mouse, rat, rabbit, pig, goat, and sheep. These scaffolds stimulated angiogenesis and regeneration in vitro and in vivo, and successfully harbored various types of cells for an extended time in vitro. Additionally, applications for endometrial extracellular matrix-specific hydrogels derived from decellularized uterus tissue is discussed. Current challenges for uterus bioengineering are also addressed, e.g., the cellular reconstruction phase, and how they might be improved. Conclusions: Significant progress was made during the last decade with convincing evidence from multiple independent groups in experiments with small animal models. Initial steps towards large animal uterus bioengineering were made. The future continuation of such studies will provide important data required to translate these ideas to an experimental phase in the human. Partial uterus reconstruction through a bioengineered tissue transplantation is closer to a clinical reality compared to whole uterus bioengineering principles aimed to replace a donor in a UTx setting.
Consequences of diabetes and pre-diabetes and the role of biochemical parameters of carbohydrate metabolism for the functioning of the prefrontal cortex in obese patients
Authors: Lesiewska Natalia , Borkowska Alina , Junik Roman , Kamińska Anna , Jaracz Katarzyna , Bieliński Maciej
Published: March 2022

Background: The role of executive functions (EF) is to maintain particular behaviours in order to achieve intended goals. EF are crucial in management of pre-diabetes, diabetes and obesity which are grievous diseases and can lead to severe complications. The aims of our study were to: assess EF in group of obese subject with carbohydrate disorders, evaluate whether biochemical factors and comorbidities related to metabolic disorders have adverse effect on EF in this group of patients. Methods: The study included 185 obese patients (146 women; 39 men) who were divided on three groups: pre-diabetic, diabetic and control subgroup. Patient underwent Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) to evaluate EF. Assessed biochemical factors included C-peptide, fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c). Results: Diabetic patients showed the worst WCST scores among the rest of groups. Pre-diabetic individuals did not differ in EF performance from control subgroup. We observed significant correlations between FPG and HbA1c and worse WCST scores in pre-diabetic subgroup. In diabetic patients C-peptide correlated with poorer EF. Depressive symptoms and hypertension significantly correlated with non-perseverative errors in WCST. Conclusions: The subgroup of diabetic patients were the most obese and had the worst glycemia parameters. They also showed the worst EF in WCST. According to obtained results, hyperglycemia positively correlated with poor EF in pre-diabetes. However, in diabetic subjects cognitive deterioration may results from insulin resistance rather than hyperglycemia. In obese individuals with carbohydrate disorders both hypertension and depressive symptoms significantly contributed to EF dysfunction.
A review of multiomics platforms in pituitary adenoma pathogenesis
Authors: Mouchtouris Nikolaos , Smit Rupert D. , Piper Keenan , Prashant Giyarpuram , Evans James J. , Karsy Michael
Published: March 2022

Pituitary adenomas (PA), or pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNETs), represent 15% of all central nervous system tumors. Classic description of PitNETs solely by hormonal classification has given way to key transcription factors that play a role in the pathology of PitNETs including steroidogenic factor-1 (SF-1), t-box pituitary transcription factor (TPIT), and pituitary transcription factor 1 (PIT-1). Germline mutations in various familial PitNETs are discussed including those in familial isolated pituitary adenoma (FIPA), multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN), neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1), and Carney complex. Recent advances in next generation sequencing have improved insight into the pathogenesis of PitNETs. A review of key studies in evaluating the genomic analysis of PitNETs was performed. Chromosomal mutations, whole exome sequencing, microRNA genomics, methylomics and transcriptomics were analyzed. Moreover, the multiomic analysis of various genomic panels has helped to better understand PA classification.
Diagnostic assessment of traumatic brain injury by vacuum extraction in newborns: overview on forensic perspectives and proposal of operating procedures
Authors: La Russa Raffaele , Maiese Aniello , Cipolloni Luigi , Di Fazio Nicola , Delogu Giuseppe , De Matteis Alessandra , Del Fante Zoe , Manetti Federico , Frati Paola , Fineschi Vittorio
Published: March 2022

Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) during birth constitutes one of the most relevant causes of mortality and morbidity in newborns worldwide. Although improvements in obstetrical management and better indications for caesarean section have led to a consistent decrease in the incidence of perinatal mechanical injury, vacuum extraction is still associated with a high complications rate leading to several forensic issues in the evaluation of healthcare professional management. Methods: Vacuum-associated lesions may be topographically distinguished as extracranial or intracranial injuries. In order to achieve a correct assessment, diagnostic procedure should include post-mortem computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, autopsy examination, brain sampling and histological/immunohistochemical examination. Results: Post-mortem imaging represents a valid aid to guarantee preliminary evidence and direct subsequent investigations. An appropriate autopsy sampling must include several areas of cortex and underlying white matter; moreover, any visceral hemorrhages or other lesions should be sampled for the histological and immunohistochemical assessment of vitality and timing. Conclusions: This study aimed to promote a validated step-by-step procedure to be adopted in order to standardize and to make easier the post-mortem framing and timing of vacuum-associated pediatric brain injuries.
Mitochondrial Quality Control: the Role in Cardiac Injury
Authors: Sygitowicz Grażyna , Sitkiewicz Dariusz
Published: March 2022

The heart is a highly energy-dependent organ, and most of its energy is provided by mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Therefore, maintaining a well-functioning mitochondrial population is of paramount importance for cardiac homeostasis, since damaged mitochondria produce less adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and generate higher amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with the development of many diseases, including cardiovascular disorders. In this article, we review the role of mitochondria as key determinants of acute myocardial ischemic/reperfusion injury (IRI) and also diabetic cardiomyopathy. The structure and function of mitochondria are regulated by the mitochondrial quality control (MQC) system. Mitochondrial quality control mechanisms involve a series of adaptive responses that preserve mitochondrial structure and function as well as ensure cardiomyocyte survival and cardiac function after injury. This review summarizes the basic mechanisms of MQC, including mitochondrial dynamics (fusion and fission), mitophagy and mitochondrial biogenesis. Mitochondrial dynamics are mainly controlled by the level of fission and fusion proteins and also by their post-translational modifications. In addition, this review aims to provide a contemporary view of the importance of miRNA molecules in the regulation of mitochondrial dynamics at the post-transcriptional level. Thus, miRNAs play an important role not only in the pathogenesis and prognosis of cardiac diseases, but can also be an important therapeutic target.
Oxidative Stress-Induced Endothelial Dysfunction in Cardiovascular Diseases
Authors: Shaito Abdullah , Aramouni Karl , Assaf Roland , Parenti Astrid , Orekhov Alexander , Yazbi Ahmed El , Pintus Gianfranco , Eid Ali H.
Published: March 2022

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major cause of mortality worldwide. A better understanding of the mechanisms underlying CVD is key for better management or prevention. Oxidative stress has been strongly implicated in the pathogenesis of CVD. Indeed, several studies demonstrated that reactive oxygen species (ROS), via different mechanisms, can lead to endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction, a major player in the etiology of several CVDs. ROS appears to modulate a plethora of EC biological processes that are critical for the integrity of the endothelial function. This review seeks to dissect the role of oxidative stress-induced endothelial dysfunction in CVD development, with emphasis on the underlying mechanisms and pathways. Special attention is given to ROS-induced reduction of NO bioavailability, ROS-induced inflammation, and ROS-induced mitochondrial dysfunction. A better understanding and appraisal of these pathways may be essential to attenuate oxidative stress or reverse EC dysfunction, and hence, reduce CVD burden.
Potent P2Y12 inhibitors versus clopidogrel to predict adherence to antiplatelet therapy after an acute coronary syndrome: insights from IDEAL-LDL
Authors: Kourti Olga , Konstantas Orestis , Farmakis Ioannis Τ , Zafeiropoulos Stefanos , Psarakis Georgios , Vrana Elena , Baroutidou Amalia , Graidis Spyridon , Touriki Aikaterini-Vassiliki , Tsolakidis Christos , Spyridaki Konstantina , Psathas Thomas , Daniilidou Anastasia , Karvounis Haralambos , Giannakoulas George
Published: March 2022

Background: Superiority of potent P2Y12 inhibitors over clopidogrel after an acute coronary syndrome (ACS) has been well established, however potent P2Y12 inhibition is responsible for more adverse events, which may influence patient adherence to treatment. Aim of the present study is to investigate the adherence to the prescribed P2Y12 inhibitor (P2Y12i) in patients on dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) after an ACS. Methods: In an IDEAL-LDL trial substudy, we included 344 patients after ACS discharged on DAPT. The primary outcome was the difference between potent P2Y12i and clopidogrel in terms of adherence, as well as other predictors of adherence to the antiplatelet regimen. Secondary outcomes included the prevalence of DAPT continuation and its predictors and the antiplatelet regimen selection after DAPT. Results: Adherence to the potent P2Y12i and to clopidogrel was observed in 140/178 (78.7%) and 111/166 (66.9%) patients (p = 0.016), respectively. In the multivariate model, after adjustment for P2Y12i switching during the first year of therapy, there was no difference observed in adherence between potent P2Y12i and clopidogrel (odds ratio [OR] = 0.98, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.55–1.74). Significant predictors included history of cardiovascular disease (CVD) (OR = 0.51, 95% CI = 0.31–0.86) and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) index event treatment (OR = 2.58, 95% CI = 1.38–4.82). Of patients, 72% continued DAPT >12 months and female gender was a negative predictor of DAPT prolongation (adjusted OR = 0.43, 95% CI = 0.21–0.90). DAPT was continued until the end of follow-up in 42.7%, while 54.6% resumed with single antiplatelet regimen. Conclusions: Adherence to DAPT was not affected by the P2Y12i potency, whereas history of CVD and PCI treatment were associated with reduced and increased adherence, respectively. Clinical Trial Registration: NCT02927808, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02927808.
The role of sodium-glucose co-transporter (SGLT)-2 inhibitors in heart failure management and implications for the kidneys
Authors: Lioudaki Eirini , Joslin Jennifer Ruth , Trachanatzi Eirini , Androulakis Emmanuel
Published: March 2022

Sodium-glucose co-transporter (SGLT)-2 inhibitors were initially developed for management of type 2 diabetes but have been shown to offer improved outcomes in heart failure, a condition in which concomitant chronic kidney disease (CKD) is common. Randomised controlled trials initially demonstrated prognostic cardiovascular and renal benefits of SGLT2 inhibitors in high cardiovascular risk individuals with type 2 diabetes particularly in relation to heart failure. Improved outcomes have been replicated in cohorts with established heart failure and/or CKD and appear to extend in those without diabetes. Several specific agents have been considered, with evidence of a class effect, and dapagliflozin and empagliflozin are now incorporated into major international cardiovascular guidelines for management of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. Beyond glucose lowering effects the mechanisms mediating SGLT2 inhibitors favourable actions are not fully elucidated. Haemodynamic alterations, natriuresis, osmotic diuresis, and weight loss likely contribute to improved outcomes, along with an enhanced cardiometabolic profile. The functional drop in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) which accompanies SGLT2 inhibitor initiation, before eGFR stabilisation, is likely central in the observed renal benefits. In this review we discuss in detail the evidence for SGLT2 inhibitors in heart failure, particularly with regard to kidney health.
Protection of Exogenous Phosphocreatine for Myocardium in Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Related to Inflammation
Authors: Ling Ming-ying , Song Yi-ping , Liu Chun , Wang Zhi-hao , Wang Yan , Li Xue-hui , Zhang Zhen , Zhou Rong-xiang , Qie Liang-yi , Li Man , Xiao Yun-ling , Chen Huan-qin , Xing Yan-qiu
Published: March 2022

Objectives: Although injury of myocardium after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has been reported, the mechanism and effect of exogenous phosphocreatine (PCr) supplementation on the injury are yet to be elucidated. Biomarkers, such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and variations in white blood cells for inflammation, and serum cardiac troponin I (cTnI) for myocardial injury are examined. Methods: A total of 105 patients undergoing PCI were included and randomly divided into two groups: control (treated with routine hydration therapy) and PCr (treated with additional intravenous infusion of exogenous PCr). The serum levels of biomarkers were detected at administration and 4, 12, 24, and 48 h after PCI, with natural logarithmic (loge) transformation of data when modeling assumptions were not fulfilled. Results: The level of loge-transformed IL-6 increased in both groups, especially at 12 and 24 h after the operation, and that of PCr group was less than the control group at 48 h. The content of loge-transformed cTnI was significantly increased in both groups, while that of the PCr group was markedly lower than the control group at all time points after PCI. Moreover, the ratio of neutrophils was elevated at all time points after PCI, while that of the PCr group was lower at 48 h, and the variations in the ratio of lymphocytes showed opposite results. Conclusions: Exogenous phosphocreatine reduces stent implantation, triggers inflammation manifested as decreased serum levels of IL-6 and the aggregation of neutrophils, and protects the myocardium of the patients undergoing PCI. These findings provided the potential mechanism and treatment for myocardial injury associated with PCI.