bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mechanical stimulation regulates differentiation of bone marrow stem cells by modulating miR-140-5p via TGFβ1/Smad2 signaling pathway
Authors: Qian Yuepeng , Zhu Guozheng , Ye Zelin , Zeng Canjun , Li Runguang
Published: February 2020

Background: Osteoporosis is a common progressive bone disease that drastically impairs patient health, independent mobility, and quality of life, and there is an urgent need for improved preventive and therapeutic strategies. A shift in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) differentiation from osteogenic to adipogenic may contribute to disease pathogenesis. Mechanical stress on BMSCs is reported to promote osteogenesis, so we examined the effects of mechanical stimulation on BMSC differentiation and associated signaling pathways.Methods: A sinusoidal tensile stress loading device was developed and examined effects of mechanical (stretch) stimulation on cultured BMSC (isolated from Sprague-Dawley rats) phenotype under osteogenic and adipogenic culture conditions. Osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs was assessed by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining and expression of Runx2 and BMP2, while adipogenic differentiation was evaluated by oil red O staining and expression of PPARγ and C/EBPα.Results: It demonstrated that appropriate mechanical stimulation could promote osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs and inhibit differentiation into adipocytes. The mechanic stimuli could inhibit the expression of miR-140-5P in BMSCs, and the overexpression of miR-140-5P inhibited the osteogenic differentiation, whereas the inhibition of miR-140-5P promoted the osteogenic differentiation. Further, both mechanical stimulation and miR-140-5p knockdown promoted TGFβ1/Smad2 signaling, while miR-140-5p overexpression downregulated TGFβ1/ Smad2 signaling.Conclusions: Appropriate mechanical stimulation promoted osteogenic differentiation and inhibited the adipogenic differentiation of BMSCs by lowering miR-140-5p expression, which in turn upregulates the TGFβ1/Smad2 signaling pathway. Our results provide a foundation for the development of effective strategies to promote bone remodeling, thereby lowering the burden of osteoporosis.
Incidence and determinants of mortality among HIV infected adult patients on antiretroviral therapy in Ethiopia: A systematic review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Workie Shimelash Bitew , Lijalem Habtamu , Suleiman Mohammed , Adafrie Takele Tadesse
Published: February 2020

Background Antiretroviral therapy has been highly associated with reduction in the incidence of mortality in HIV/AIDS patients over time. However, there is a regional variation in the extent of reducing the incidence of mortality in many developing countries including Ethiopia. Hence, this study was conducted to generate summary evidences-based data for incidence of mortality and determinants of mortality. Methods Articles were comprehensively searched on Pub Med, Google Scholar, Cochrane library, Scopus, and DOAJ databases using Boolean operators. A Dersimonian and Laird methods of random effect model was used to estimate incidence and determinants of mortality. Heterogeneity, publication bias and quality of each study were checked. Subgroup analysis was employed. Relevant data from each study were extracted. STATA software version 14 was used for all statistical analysis. ResultA total of 21 articles were finally reviewed and analyzed. Incidence of mortality was found to be 5/100-person year of observation (95% CI: 4 – 5/100pyo). Most of the death (67%) occurred during the first year of HAART initiation. Baseline Advanced WHO clinical stage (PHR (Pooled Hazard Rate) 2.88; 95%CI: 2.2 – 3.8), low CD4 cells count (PHR 1.88; 95% CI: 1.5 – 2.4), low body weight (PHR 1.6; 95% CI: 1.2 – 2.2), low hemoglobin level (PHR 2.4; 95% CI: 1.7 – 3.4), presence of TB infection (PHR 2.9; 95% CI: 2.13 – 4.61), non – working functional status (PHR 3.9; 95% CI: 2.8 – 5.4), bad medication adherence (PHR 4.8; 95% CI: 3.2 – 7.2), lack of cotrimoxazole preventive therapy (PHR 1.5; 95% CI: 1.2 – 2.0), being male (PHR 1.4; 95% CI: 1.2 – 1.8) and older age (PHR 1.2; 95% CI: 1.04 – 1.41) were significantly associated with increased mortality in this study. ConclusionIncidence of mortality was high particularly early in the course of therapy. Advanced WHO clinical stage, CD4 cells count low body weight, low hemoglobin level presence of TB infection, bad medication adherence older age and non-working functional status were significant determinants of incidence of mortality. Comprehensive service and strict follow up should be given to avert this high rate of mortality.
The Effect of Air Pollution and Temperature on Pulmonary Function in Healthy People in Xi’an, China
Authors: Yao Yang , Zhou Jing , Tian Yao , Diao Xin , Chen Hui , Zhang Jinzhao , Wang Shengyu
Published: February 2020

Background Temperature and air pollution has been reported to be associated with respiratory diseases. However, little is known about these effects on healthy people, and the potential interaction between the two factors is still uncertain. This study aims to estimate the effects of air pollution combined with temperature on lung function in healthy people. Methods The lung function of 132 healthy people was measured in Xi’an, Shaanxi province of Northwest China in summer and winter. Meanwhile, the daily concentrations of air pollution and temperature were obtained from monitoring stations. Statistical analyses were assessed by generalized estimating equations (GEEs). Results Every 10μg/m 3 increase of PM 2.5 concentration, PEF change amount is -0.007L/min (95% CI: -0.013, -0.001 L/min), FEV1 is -0.004 (95% CI: -0.006, -0.001 L/min),FEF25-75% is -0.002(95% CI: -0.003, -0.001 L/min) FEV1/FVC change amount is -0.074 L/min (95% CI: -0.115, -0.033 L/min). Lag effects showed that Lag0 of FEV1, FEV1/FVC and FEF25-75% were more strongly associated with PM2.5. There was no significant interaction between PM 2.5 and temperature. Conclusions Our findings indicate that PM 2.5 has an acute adverse effect on lung function in winter, and the lung function is less affected by temperature change in Xi’an.
Incidence, cost and gender differences of oropharyngeal and noncervical anogenital cancers in South Korea
Authors: Choi Inseon , Lee Donghwan , Son Kyungbok , Bae SeungJin
Published: February 2020

Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is associated with a significant public health burden, yet few studies have been conducted in Asia, especially on noncervical cancers. We estimated the incidence and cost of oropharyngeal and noncervical anogenital (anal, vulvar, vaginal, penile) cancer in Korea. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study using Korea’s National Health Insurance (NHI) claim database from 2013 to 2016. The main outcome measures were the number of respective cancer incidences during the study period and the annual costs per patient in the first year after diagnosis, which was adjusted by relevant variables based on the regression analysis. Results : During the study period, 8,022 patients with these cancers were identified, and oropharyngeal cancer comprised 46% of them. The incidence rate for male oropharyngeal cancer was significantly higher than that of females (3.1 vs. 0.7 per 100,000 as of 2016, respectively). Additionally, the incidence of male oropharyngeal cancer increased from 2.7 in 2013 to 3.1 in 2016, whereas that of female and other cancers was stable during the study period. The mean annual incidence-based cost per patient in 2016 was highest for oropharyngeal cancers (21,870 USD), and it was significantly higher in males than in females based on then regression analysis (p <.001). Conclusions: Oropharyngeal cancer comprises the highest number of HPV-associated noncervical cancer incidences in Korea, and the incidence and cost of oropharyngeal cancer was significantly higher among males than females. More aggressive public health policy toward males may decrease gender gap of oropharyngeal cancer.
Conservation of cannonball underwater heritage in the shipwreck from the sea Batavia Jakarta Indonesia
Authors: Riyanto  , Jazuli Muhammad Malthuf , Sahroni Imam , Musawwa M. Miqdam , Cahyandaru Nahar , Wahyuni Endang Tri
Published: February 2020

Borobudur Conservation Center Magelang, Central Java Indonesia, has received underwater cannonball heritage in the shipwreck from the sea Batavia Jakarta Indonesia. This heritage is a shipment from the Directorate for the Preservation of Cultural Heritage and the Destruction of the Indonesian Ministry of Education and Culture. This study aims to the conservation of underwater cannonball before being stored in a museum. Removal of the protective cover crust of iron artifacts without the correct and proper method can cause the more quickly the process of corrosion. To prevent this more damaging, the conservation of artifacts in the right solution is necessary. This research aims to stop the process of corrosion and conserve objects of iron in aqueous alkali corrosion potential measurement through there. Conservation of this research was conduct in four stages. The first stage is the identification of weathering, and the second stage is the analysis and characterization of surface corrosion object using the handy microscope, XRD (x-ray Diffraction), XRF (x-ray Fluorescence), and SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy). The third stage is the passivation/deactivation process of corrosion using sodium hydroxide, soap water and kaffir lime water. The fourth stage is stabilization/coating of materials iron cannonball underwater heritage as soon as possible using microcrystalline wax so as not further corrosion process going so that this stage should be able to complete the conservation problems of the object until they can last for the long term. Characterization of dry and wet activated corrosion using XRD obtained mineral akaganeite. Akaganeite minerals showed active corrosion containing high concentrations of Cl atoms for dry and wet activated corrosion 66.603% and 64.963%, respectively. After being conserved with several steps and using NaOH, soap water and kaffir lime water show inactive corrosion. Based on the results of analysis with XRF cannonball does not contain Cl and Fe content reaches 98.99%. The conservation method used in this research is excellent and appropriate to conserve the objects of cultural heritage cannonball material underwater iron heritage.
DEPENDENCE OF THE ACTIVITY OF THE SYSTEM OF OXIDATIVE STRESS – ANTIOXIDANT PROTECTION ON INSULIN RESISTANCE IN PATIENTS WITH ESSENTIAL HYPERTENSION AND OBESITY
Authors: Psarova V.
Published: February 2020

Relevance. The activation of free radical oxidative processes and the development of oxidative stress is one of the most important pathogenetic mechanisms of cardiovascular diseases. Active forms of oxygen can change cellular infiltration of vessels and endothelial function, having an impact on a functional condition of the adhesive molecules intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1. Under condition of insulin resistance (IR), the balance in the system of oxidative stress ­–­ antioxidant protection is disturbed, the result of which is insufficient resistance to the damaging effect of the LPO products.
The aim of the study was to assess the dependence of the activity of the system of oxidative stress – antioxidant protection on insulin resistance (IR) in patients with comorbidity of arterial hypertension and obesity.
We examined 200 patients with hypertension and class I–II obesity. The patients were divided into two groups depending on IR: the first group included 80 patients without IR and the second group – 120 patients with IR.
As the result of the study, it was established that the presence of IR affects the activity of the system of oxidative stress – antioxidant protection in comorbidity of hypertension and obesity. In the presence of IR, patients with hypertension and concomitant obesity have significantly higher levels of indicators of the system of oxidative stress (malondialdehyde (MDA) and diene conjugates (DC)) compared with patients without IR. In patients with comorbidity of hypertension and obesity, HOMA-IR directly correlated with the indicators of the oxidative stress system (MDA and DC) and inversely correlated with the indicator of total antioxidant protection. In hypertensive patients with obesity and no IR, an increase in HOMA-IR was associated with a decrease in total antioxidant protection, and in patients with IR, an increase in HOMA-IR was associated with an increase in MDA and DC, as well as a decrease in total antioxidant protection.
EMERGENCY MEDICINE: PROBLEMS OF VIOLENCE AND SAFETY AT WORK
Authors: Shkatula Yu. V. , Badion Y. O. , Novikov M. V. , Khyzhnia Ya. V.
Published: February 2020

The work of medical workers is associated with constant psycho-emotional stress, which is caused by close contact with human suffering, the need to make immediate decisions, uncomfortable conditions of the pre-hospital stage and cases of aggressive and violent actions by patients or third parties.
Statistics show that 54 to 84.8 % of medical workers have become victims of verbal or physical aggression annually. In 2013-2017, 543 crimes against life and health of medical workers on duty were registered in Ukraine.
The purpose of the research was to study the causes, nature and risk factors of violent actions against emergency medical personnel with finding the ways to normalize the situation.
Material and methods. An anonymous non-personified survey was conducted among 127 workers of the Sumy Regional Centre for Emergency Medical Care and Disaster Medicine. A modified questionnaire “Violence and aggression in the Health Service” (B. Mullan, F. Badger, 2007) was used in the study.
It has been established that 74.8 % of emergency medical care and disaster medicine personnel were victims of violence caused by patients, their relatives or friends. Most often, the reasons for aggressive behaviour of the patient or third parties were the time of waiting for a medical worker and the suspicion of incompetence.
According to the results of the survey, 35.43 % of employees believe that it is possible to improve the situation by completing and forming ambulance teams of a mixed type. Almost a third of the surveyed medical workers (24.41 %) indicated the need to provide personal protective equipment, another 14.96 % of respondents wanted better legal support and assistance.
The authors come to the conclusion that it is necessary to solve the problem of the safety of a medical worker during an emergency call at the state legislative level. Particular attention should be paid to the further improvement of legal assistance, as well as to the development of measures to prevent violence.
Methodological Bases of the Agriculture Competitiveness Assessing
Authors: Khodakivska Olha V. , Patyka Nataliia I. , Gargasas A.
Published: February 2020

In the article the methodological basis of assessing competitiveness are substantiated, their content is defined, the types are systematized, which made it possible to determine the methodological approaches to developing tools for assessing the level of Ukraine’s agriculture competitiveness in the context of international economic integration. It has been established that the assessment of economic systems competitiveness of different levels (country, region, region, enterprise, product) has much in common – the same analysis methods, similar research algorithms, related indicators are used. This is especially characteristic for studies of the industry competitiveness, since the industry market positions are, on the one hand, market positions of the aggregate of its economic entities or manufactured goods, and on the other hand, positions that form the countries and regions competitiveness. It has been proved that the methodological basis for assessing the agriculture competitiveness as an industry of the national economy involves two aspects: firstly, competitiveness is a comparative characteristic of a subject entering the market, therefore it can be assessed only in comparison with other similar subjects or taking into account their market positions; secondly, the assessment on different markets may coincide with the methods used, but it should differ in the indicators, criteria, assessment indicators, which are used, with the possibility of mixing, the partial interchangeability and complementarity of these groups. Criteria for assessing the agriculture competitiveness in the context of international economic integration, which are generally accepted in world practice, are systematized, and which should be considered in three dimensions: the macro level, the meso-level, and the indicators of foreign economic activity. An algorithm for assessing the agriculture competitiveness is proposed.
Key words: competitiveness, criteria, evaluation method, indicator, agriculture.
Growth and Social Capital: Empirical Analysis of the Relationship
Authors: Bagmet Ksenia V.
Published: February 2020

The article provides an empirical test of the hypothesis of the influence of the level of economic development of the country on the level of development of its social capital based on panel data analysis. In this study, the Indices of Social Development elaborated by the International Institute of Social Studies under World Bank support are used as an indicators of social capital development as they best meet the requirements for complexity (include six integrated indicators of Civic Activism, Clubs and Associations, Intergroup Cohesion, Interpersonal Safety and Trust, Gender Equality, Inclusion of Minorities), comprehensiveness of measurement, sustainability. In order to provide an empirical analysis, we built a panel that includes data for 20 countries divided into four groups according to the level of economic development. The first G7 countries (France, Germany, Italy, United Kingdom); the second group is the economically developed countries, EU members and Turkey, the third group is the new EU member states (Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania); to the fourth group – post-Soviet republics (Armenia, Georgia, Russian Federation, Ukraine). The analysis shows that the parameters of economic development of countries cannot be completely excluded from the determinants of social capital. Indicators show that the slowdown in economic growth leads to greater cohesion among people in communities, social control over the efficiency of distribution and use of funds, and enforcement of property rights. The level of tolerance to racial diversity and the likelihood of negative externalities will depend on the change in the rate of economic growth. Also, increasing the well-being of people will have a positive impact on the level of citizens’ personal safety, reducing the level of crime, increasing trust.
Key words: social capital, economic growth, determinant, indice of social development.
Towards Sustainable Development
Authors: Melnyk Leonid Hr.
Published: February 2020

Two popular works: the essay “Three secrets of health” and the joky poem “The Tale of how the Pirate was treated for” piracy “by his own development” – examines shows the content of the functions of three key subsystems that ensure the existence and development of any system through the feedback mechanisms. Conventionally, these subsystems can be called “know”, “want”, “be able”. They perform three major functions respectively: information support, motivational impact and technical implementation. Information support ultimately solves the problem of collecting data on the state of the system itself, the external environment and the interrelations of the first and second. The function of the motivational impact is to activate the feedback mechanism of the system in response to changes in the external environment. The technical implementation subsystem ensures the implementation of actions to achieve specific goals for the existence and development of the system. The given essay shows the interaction of these blocks on the example of environmentally oriented activities. The environmental monitoring services, research organizations, and the media constitute the first subsystem. They collect data on the level of impact on the environment, inform professionals and the public about the state of ecological well-being. The alarm generated by the information subsystem turns on and adjusts the tone of the second subsystem. It forms a set of measures (legal norms, economic methods, socio-psychological impact, personnel training, education of the population, etc.) to eliminate environmental problems. The subsystem of technical implementation is formed as a consequence of these measures. Green technology, organizational structures and, of course, the skills and abilities of people constitute the arsenal of this third subsystem.
Key words: know, want, be able to, information support, motivational impact, technical implementation, feedback, “brown” and “green” economy.
Bioeconomics: the Essence of the Concept, Strategies, Status and Prospects of Development of Entrepreneurial Forms in Ukraine
Authors: Fedyna Svitlana M. , Kjvalov Bohdan L. , Ignatenko Vitaliy M.
Published: February 2020

The paper analyzes various approaches to defining the definition of "bioeconomy", clarifying its essence, spheres of influence (field of application), its technological basis (biotechnology). It was determined that the bioeconomy is closely related to the circular economy, the nature of the circular economy, its main differences from the linear economy and the economics of processing have been clarified. It also paid attention to bioeconomic strategies adopted in different countries, identified the main directions of development of bioeconomies of these countries, reviewed the European Union program documents on bioeconomic issues, as well as major funds, international associations, forums operating in the bioeconomic sphere and unite stakeholders. The total volume of bioeconomy in Europe is analyzed (the share of bioeconomy and its percentage in individual sectors of economy is broken down by the share of bioeconomic income for each of the considered sectors and the share of employment in the bioeconomy sector), the main tasks of bioeconomic growth in Europe are determined. The Sustainable Development Goals have been identified and their achievements are related to bioeconomy in one way or another. The bioeconomy development rating based on the Global Biotechnology and Innovation Index, based on performance indicators, intellectual property rights, intensity, enterprise support, education and training, research and development funding, and policy, and policy, Ukraine is ranked in this rating by each indicator. The main economic sectors in Ukraine that use biotechnology are identified. Ukraine's bioeconomic strategy has not yet been formulated, in view of this it has identified the main obstacles to the development of the bioeconomy in Ukraine and directions that need to be developed
Key words: bioeconomics, biotechnology, circular economy, “biologization” of the economy, sustainable development.
Transformation of the Process of Hiring Employees Under the Influence of Information Technologies
Authors: Pavloshchuk Olga O. , Melnychuk Viktoriia E. , Roshchyna Nadiia V.
Published: February 2020

The socio-economic and political transformations in the country cannot be perceived without the implementation of information technology. Nowadays, Internet resources are actively used in all spheres of life, so personnel management departments, following the example of foreign recruitment companies, adapt the system of selection of personnel to the modern technological realities. Human capital is still one of the most important factors in the country's development. It was approved that the proper selection of a qualified specialist is the key to the success of any company, organization, enterprise because the staff influences their efficiency and competitiveness in the occupied market segment. On this basis, it should be noted that the output of the Human Resource department is crucial. Staffing is not possible without the use of information technology and the Internet. Analyzing the existing changes in the field of hiring employees, we verified that new technologies are implemented solidly. Head-hunters and recruiters use dedicated social networking sites and job search sites to recruit highly qualified personnel. Recent advances in marketing, such as targeted advertising, are also actively and purposefully used to attract the attention of potential employees. Moreover, specialized software is being developed to simplify the selection and screening system for those candidates who do not meet the requirements of the enterprise. It should be noted that the development of information technology has fundamentally affected the change in the relationships and interactions of people in society, involving all spheres of life. Looking at people around the world who spend a lot of time in the virtual space and want to find a particular job, it should be confirmed that there is no longer a need to print it in the newspaper, broadcast it on the radio or to show on television. The results of our research show that the advertisement for the job position can be entirely spread on the Internet in the nearest future. Information technology has made adjustments to the specifics of hiring qualified personnel in the world, and in particular in Ukraine. The widespread availability of information resources in the world has fundamentally changed the policies of Human Resource Management departments and the tactics of their specialists. It has been done a lot in the development of the Human Resource department in Ukraine, but several unresolved issues should be overcome. It`s the quandary of the future.
Key words: information technology, human capital, human resources management, social networks.
Impacts of Growth Substrate and Container Size on Cutting Production from ‘Snow Angel’ Coral Bells Stock Plants
Authors: Brown Shana G. , Klett James E.
Published: February 2020

Stock plant productivity is an important concern for growers of ‘Snow Angel’ coral bells (Heuchera sanguinea) because this variety produces a limited number of basal cuttings. The objective of the study was to determine the best growth substrate and container size combination to maximize productivity of stock plants. A secondary objective was to determine if the stock plant treatments influenced the rooting of vegetative cuttings. The study used three different container sizes (2.8, 11.4, and 14.6 L) and four commercial soilless substrates that were primarily composed of the following: bark, peat, and perlite (substrate 1); bark, peat, and vermiculite (substrate 2); bark, peat, and coarse perlite (substrate 3); and peat (substrate 4). Two stock plant experiments were conducted using the same 12 treatment combinations, and a subset of those stock plants was randomly selected for the rooting studies that immediately followed each stock plant experiment. Stock plants responded to substrate treatments differently depending on the batch of substrate in which they were grown. The most successful stock plants, which produced more cuttings per plant and per square foot, as well as larger cuttings, were those grown in substrate 3 (Expt. 1) and substrate 2 (Expt. 2). Regardless of the substrate, the highest number of cuttings per square foot was obtained from stock plants grown in 2.8-L containers, indicating that the smaller containers allow for the most efficient use of space when growing ‘Snow Angel’ stock plants for 6 to 8 months. The rooting of vegetative cuttings was successful (98% to 100% of cuttings rooted after 4 weeks under mist) for all treatment combinations, although higher numbers of visible roots were produced during the second study and may be due to larger fresh weights of cuttings.
Yield and Berry Composition of Cold-climate Grape Cultivars and Advanced Selections in Iowa Climate
Authors: Schrader James A. , Cochran Diana R. , Domoto Paul A. , Nonnecke Gail R.
Published: February 2020

Increasing interest in grape (Vitis sp.) and wine production in the upper midwest region of the United States has created a need for science-based information that characterizes the potential of cold-climate cultivars to produce quality grapes with acceptable yields. We evaluated the yield and quality (composition) of grapes from 12 cold-climate, interspecific-hybrid grape cultivars (northern hybrids) grown in a randomized and replicated field plot in central Iowa. The grape trial was planted in 2008, and crop performance of cultivars was evaluated from 2012 through 2017 (yield) and 2014 through 2017 (berry composition). The trial included two established cultivars, five newer cultivars, and five advanced selections. The established cultivars included in the study as controls were Frontenac and St. Croix. The newer cultivars evaluated in this study were Arandell, Corot Noir, La Crescent, Marquette, and Petit Ami, and the advanced selections were MN 1189, MN 1200, MN 1220, MN 1235, and MN 1258. Yield and productivity were characterized by measuring yield per vine, number of clusters per vine, average cluster weight, and pruning weight. The fruit composition indices were soluble solids concentration (SSC), pH, titratable acidity (TA), and sugar:acid ratio (SSC ÷ TA). On the basis of their strong results for both yield and fruit composition measures, ‘Marquette’, MN 1235, and MN 1220 ranked as the top-performing cultivars in Iowa’s climate, followed by Petit Ami and St. Croix. ‘Petit Ami’ had slightly lower yield consistency and slightly lower results for SSC than did the top performing cultivars, and St. Croix had among the highest and most consistent yields of the trial but showed lower results for SSC and sugar:acid ratio than many of the other cultivars. ‘La Crescent’ had midrange yields and high SSC, but the high TA of ‘La Crescent’ fruit resulted in a low sugar:acid ratio at harvest. Two cultivars (MN 1258 and MN 1200) had relatively low yields in Iowa’s climate but achieved good results for composition indices. ‘Frontenac’ had high, consistent yields and achieved high SSC, but the very high TA of ‘Frontenac’ fruit resulted in a very low sugar:acid ratio compared with most other cultivars. The remaining three cultivars (Corot Noir, MN 1189, and Arandell) performed poorly in Iowa’s climate, showing both low yield and undesirable fruit composition indices compared with the other cultivars in the trial. An itemized summary of the relative ratings for yield and fruit composition is provided to aid growers in selection and management of grape cultivars for use in Iowa and other areas of similar climate.
Nano-CuO İle Hazırlanan Kompozit Kil Karışımlarının Kıvam Limitleri, pH ve Elektrik İletkenlik Özelliklerinin İncelenmesi
Authors: ZAİMOĞLU Ahmet Şahin , ALTUN Faruk , IŞIK Fatih , AKBULUT Rahim Kağan
Published: February 2020

Nano malzemelerin kullanım alanları her geçen gün artmaktadır. Günümüzde birçok alanda olduğu gibi inşaat mühendisliğinde de nano partiküllerin kullanılabilirliği araştırmacıların dikkatini çekmektedir. Çalışma kapsamında, % 0.5, %1, %2 ve %3 oranlarında nano-CuO, yüksek plastisiteli kil ile interkalasyon yöntemi kullanılarak karıştırılmış ve elde edilen kompozit kil örneklerinin kıvam limitleri, pH ve elektrik iletkenlik özelliklerinin nano-CuO oranı ile değişimi incelenmiştir. Nanopartikülün eklenmesi likit limit değerlerini arttırırken, plastik limit değerlerinde göreceli olarak bir düşüşe neden olmuştur. Diğer taraftan, nano-CuO katkı oranı arttıkça pH ve elektrik iletkenlik değerlerinin arttığı tespit edilmiştir.
On a Fuzzy Problem with Variable Coefficient by Fuzzy Laplace Transform
Authors: GÜLTEKİN ÇİTİL Hülya
Published: February 2020

This study is on solutions of a fuzzy problem with variable coefficient. Solutions are found by fuzzy Laplace transform. Generalized differentiability is used. It is searched whether the solutions are valid 𝛼-level sets or not. Examples are solved on studied problem. Conclusions are given.
Geodesics and Torsion Tensor according to g-lift of Riemannian Connection on Cotangent Bundle
Authors: ÇAKAN AKPINAR Rabia
Published: February 2020

n this study, the geodesics and torsion tensor according to g-lift of Riemannianconnection  on cotangent bundle 𝑇∗𝑀 are investigated. Firstly, using the components of g-lift ofRiemannian connection  on cotangent bundle 𝑇∗𝑀 the components of torsion tensor according to gliftof Riemannian connection  are obtained. So the torsion tensor according to g-lift of Riemannianconnection  are determined. Finally, geodesics on cotangent bundle 𝑇∗𝑀 according to g-lift ofRiemannian connection  are studied.
Complex-Clifford Tori and Special Complex Unitary Matrices
Authors: ES Hasan
Published: February 2020

In this paper, parallels of latitude and meridians of longitude in S_C^3 are identified via the special complex unitary matrices 〖SU〗_C (2). It is also obtained that the third homology group of complex 2-sphere S_C^2 equal to zero.
Effect of Using Fins on Cell Temperature at Air-Based PVT
Authors: ÖZAKIN Ahmet Numan , KAYA Ferhat
Published: February 2020

In this study, the effect of addition of fins in air-based PVT system on cell temperature investigated. Experimental tests were performed with frequent and sparse fins configurations and also empty(non-finned) state. Also, thermal camera images of cells were investigated and compared to images obtained by Fluent Ansys. Cell temperatures for all status of both polycrystal and monocrystal panel decreased between 8-20 °C. Panel surface was observed to have a uniform temperature distribution. Finally, temperature distribution images obtained with ANSYS Fluent were found to be quite compatible with thermal camera images.
Disrupted Time-Dependent and Functional Connectivity Brain Network in Alzheimer's Disease: A Resting-State fMRI Study Based on Visibility Graph
Authors: Gao Zhongke , Feng Yanhua , Ma Chao , Ma Kai , Cai Qing , and for the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: February 2020

Background:

Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease with insidious
onset, which is difficult to be reversed and cured. Therefore, discovering more precise biological
information from neuroimaging biomarkers is crucial for accurate and automatic detection of AD.

Methods:

We innovatively used a Visibility Graph (VG) to construct the time-dependent brain networks
as well as functional connectivity network to investigate the underlying dynamics of AD brain based on
functional magnetic resonance imaging. There were 32 AD patients and 29 Normal Controls (NCs) from
the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) database. First, the VG method mapped the
time series of single brain region into networks. By extracting topological properties of the networks, the
most significant features were selected as discriminant features into a supporting vector machine for
classification. Furthermore, in order to detect abnormalities of these brain regions in the whole AD
brain, functional connectivity among different brain regions was calculated based on the correlation of
regional degree sequences.

Results:

According to the topology abnormalities exploration of local complex networks, we found several
abnormal brain regions, including left insular, right posterior cingulate gyrus and other cortical regions.
The accuracy of characteristics of the brain regions extracted from local complex networks was
88.52%. Association analysis demonstrated that the left inferior opercular part of frontal gyrus, right
middle occipital gyrus, right superior parietal gyrus and right precuneus played a tremendous role in
AD.

Conclusion:

These results would be helpful in revealing the underlying pathological mechanism of the
disease.
Stem Cell Aging in Lifespan and Disease: A State-of-the-Art Review
Authors: Sameri Saba , Samadi Pouria , Dehghan Razieh , Salem Elham , Fayazi Nashmin , Amini Razieh
Published: February 2020

Aging is considered as inevitable changes at different levels of genome, cell, and organism. From the accumulation of DNA damages to imperfect protein homeostasis, altered cellular communication and exhaustion of stem cells, aging is a major risk factor for many prevalent diseases, such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, pulmonary disease, diabetes, and neurological disorders. The cells are dynamic systems, which, through a cycle of processes such as replication, growth, and death, could replenish the bodies’ organs and tissues, keeping an entire organism in optimal working order. In many different tissues, adult stem cells are behind these processes, replenishing dying cells to maintain normal tissue function and regenerating injured tissues. Therefore, adult stem cells play a vital role in preventing the aging of organs and tissues, and can delay aging. However, during aging, these cells also undergo some detrimental changes such as alterations in the microenvironment, a decline in the regenerative capacity, and loss of function. This review aimed to discuss age-related changes of stem cells in different tissues and cells, including skin, muscles, brain, heart, hair follicles, liver, and lung.
Proteomic Level Changes on Treatment in MCF-7/DDP Breast Cancer Drug- Resistant Cells
Authors: Jin Gongshen , Wang Kangwei , Liu Yonghong , Liu Xianhu , Zhang Xiaojing , Zhang Hao
Published: February 2020

Background:

LCL161, a SMAC’S small molecule mimetic, can bind to a variety of IAPs and activate
Caspases. We found that on its own, LCL161induces apoptosis of drug-resistant breast cancer cells by
binding to a variety of IAPs and activating Caspases. However, when LCL161 is used in combination with
Caspase Inhibitors (CI), its capacity to induce apoptosis of breast cancer cells is enhanced.

Objective:

To carry out proteomic and bioinformatics analysis of LCL161 in combination with CI. We aim to
identify the key proteins and mechanisms of breast cancer drug-resistant apoptosis, thereby aiding in the breast
cancer drug resistance treatment and identification of drug targeting markers.

Methods:

Cell culture experiments were carried out to explore the effect of LCL161 combined with CI on the
proliferation of breast cancer drug-resistant cells. Proteomic analysis was carried out to determine the protein
expression differences between breast cancer drug-resistant cells and LCL161 combined with CI treated cells.
Bioinformatics analysis was carried out to determine its mechanism of action. Validation of proteomics results
was done using Parallel Reaction Monitoring (PRM).

Results:

Cell culture experiments showed that LCL161 in combination with CI can significantly promote the
apoptosis of breast cancer drug-resistant cells. Up-regulation of 92 proteins and down-regulation of 114 proteins
protein were noted, of which 4 were selected for further validation.

Conclusion:

Our results show that LCL161 combined with CI can promote the apoptosis of drug-resistant breast
cancer cells by down-regulation of RRM2, CDK4, and ITGB1 expression through Cancer pathways, p53 or
PI3K-AKT signaling pathway. In addition, the expression of CDK4, RRM2, and CDC20 can be down-regulated
by the nuclear receptor pathway to affect DNA transcription and replication, thereby promoting apoptosis of
breast cancer drug-resistant cells.
Molecular Identification of Phytochemical for Anticancer Treatment
Authors: Usuwanthim Kanchana , Wisitpongpun Prapakorn , Luetragoon Thitiya
Published: February 2020

Cancer commands the second highest global mortality rate and causes severe public health problems.
Recent advances have been made in cancer therapy but the incidence of the disease remains high. Research on
more efficient treatment methods with reduced side effects is necessary. Historically, edible plants have been
used as traditional medicines for various diseases. These demonstrate the potential of natural products as sources
of bioactive compounds for anticancer treatment. Anticancer properties of phytochemicals are attributed to
bioactive compounds in plant extracts that suppress cancer cell proliferation and growth by inducing both cell
cycle arrest and apoptosis. This review presents a summary of the molecular identification of phytochemicals
with anticancer properties and details their action mechanisms and molecular targets. Moreover, the effects of
the natural product on both immunomodulatory and anticancer properties are provided.
Upregulation of Antioxidant Gene Expressions and Enzyme Activity Against Acrylamide-Induced Neurotoxicity in Mice after Grape Seed Extract Treatment
Authors: Albogami Sarah
Published: February 2020

Background:

The risk of occupational exposure to acrylamide is high and long-term acrylamide exposure can cause neurotoxicity. Thus, therapeutic agents that can protect against acrylamide-induced neurotoxicity are needed.

Objective:

To investigate whether Grape Seed Extract (GSE) protects against acrylamide-induced neurotoxicity in mice.

Methods:

Mice were divided into saline, GSE, acrylamide, GSE followed by acrylamide, acrylamide followed by GSE, and simultaneous acrylamide and GSE treatment groups. Gene expression and antioxidant enzyme levels were then determined using RT-PCR and biochemical assays.

Results:

Gpx1 (P < 0.05), Prdx3 (P < 0.01), SOD1 (P < 0.05), and CAT (P < 0.05) significantly upregulated in GSE-treated mice, compared to those in untreated controls. In contrast, Gpx1 (P < 0.05), Prdx3 (P < 0.05), SOD1 (P < 0.05), and CAT (P < 0.05) significantly downregulated in acrylamide-treated mice compared to those in untreated controls. Results of the treatment with GSE before exposure to acrylamide or simultaneously with acrylamide indicated that GSE restored Gpx1, Prdx3, SOD1, and CAT expression to similar levels as those in the control group. GSE treatment after exposure to acrylamide did not exert any neuroprotective effects against acrylamide, as revealed by significant downregulation of Gpx1 (P < 0.05), Prdx3 (P < 0.01), SOD1 (P < 0.05), and CAT (P < 0.05) compared to that in untreated controls. Animals treated with grape seed before acrylamide treatment showed no significant change in LPO activities and a significant increase in GSH levels, compared to those in untreated controls.

Conclusion:

GSE exerted neuroprotective effects against acrylamide-induced neurotoxicity. Acrylamide caused oxidative stress 20 days post-exposure. However, grape seed treatment before exposure to acrylamide restored all test parameters to levels similar to control values.
Nano Technological Approaches for Anti-tumour Therapy: Opportunities and Challenges
Authors: Champaneria Krishna , Prajapati Prajesh
Published: February 2020

Cancer is a leading cause of mortality, and its individual and collective impact is substantial.
Conventional chemotherapy utilizes drugs that effectively destroy tumour cells. However,
these agents destroy healthy cells along with the tumour cells, leading to many adverse effects,
which include hypersensitivity reactions, nephrotoxicity, and neurotoxicity. To minimize these
adverse effects, various drug delivery systems (DDSs) have been developed. Among them, nano
drug delivery systems are particularly attractive platform. Thus, this review paper explores recent
work on targeted delivery; tumour accumulation enhancement and sustained blood circulation
using more effective biomaterials to enhance the properties of nanoparticles. Moreover, various
target-specific drug delivery mechanisms, such as antibody-mediated delivery as well as the targeting
of angiogenesis, mitochondria, and the CD44 receptor, are also explained.
Nutraceuticals for Promoting Longevity
Authors: Pavlović Ivan , Khateb Soliman , Milisav Irina , Mahajna Jamal
Published: February 2020

Objective:

To summarize the main findings on nutraceuticals that slow aging processes by
delaying and even preventing the development of multiple chronic diseases and improve productivity and
quality of life in the elderly.

Methods:

Literature search of the relevant papers known to the authors was conducted.

Results:

The most robust environmental manipulation for extending lifespan is caloric restriction without
malnutrition. Some nutraceuticals can mimic caloric restriction effects. This review will focus on the
nutraceuticals that impact insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor signaling and sirtuin activity in mediating
longevity and healthspan.

Conclusion:

Aging is considered to be synonymous with the appearance of major diseases and an overall
decline in physical and mental performance. Caloric restriction is well established as a strategy to extend
lifespan without malnutrition. A variety of nutraceuticals were reported to mimic the effect of caloric
restriction by modulating the activity of insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor signaling and sirtuin activity
and consequently promote longevity and healthspan.
MyPath to Home Web-Based Application for the Geriatric Rehabilitation Program at Bruyère Continuing Care: User-Centered Design and Feasibility Testing Study (Preprint)
Authors: Backman Chantal , Harley Anne , Kuziemsky Craig , Mercer Jay , Peyton Liam
Published: February 2020

BACKGROUND

When older adults return home from geriatric rehabilitation in a hospital, remembering the plethora of medical advice and medical instructions provided can be overwhelming for them and for their caregivers.

OBJECTIVE

The overall objective was to develop and test the feasibility of a novel web-based application called MyPath to Home that can be used to manage the personalized needs of geriatric rehabilitation patients during their transition from the hospital to home.

METHODS

This study involved (1) co-designing a patient- and clinician-tailored web-based application and (2) testing the feasibility of the application to manage the needs of geriatric rehabilitation patients when leaving the hospital. In phase 1, we followed a user-centered design process integrated with the modern agile software development methodology to iteratively co-design the application. The approach consisted of three cycles in which we engaged patients, caregivers, and clinicians to design a series of prototypes (cycles 1-3). In phase 2, we conducted a single-arm feasibility pilot test of MyPath to Home. Baseline and follow-up surveys, as well as select semistructured interviews were conducted.

RESULTS

In phase 1, semistructured interviews and talk-aloud sessions were conducted with patients/caregivers (n=5) and clinicians (n=17) to design the application. In phase 2, patients (n=30), caregivers (n=18), and clinicians (n=20) received access to use the application. Patients and their caregivers were asked to complete baseline and follow-up surveys. A total of 91% (21/23) of patients would recommend this application to other patients. In addition, clinicians (n=6) and patients/caregivers (n=6) were interviewed to obtain further details on the value of the web-based application with respect to engaging patients and facilitating communication and sharing of information with the health care team.

CONCLUSIONS

We were successful at designing the MyPath to Home prototype for patients and their caregivers to engage with their clinicians during the transition from geriatric rehabilitation to home. Further work is needed to increase the uptake and usage by clinicians, and determine if this translates to meaningful changes in clinical and functional outcomes.

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

RR2-10.2196/11031