bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Demonstration of constant nitrogen and energy amounts in pig urine under acidic conditions at room temperature and determination of the minimum amount of hydrochloric acid required for nitrogen preservation in pig urine
Authors: Kim Jongkeon , Hong Bokyung , Lee Myung Ja , Kim Beob Gyun
Published: November 2022

Objective: The objectives were to demonstrate that the nitrogen and energy in pig urine supplemented with hydrochloric acid (HCl) are not volatilized and to determine the minimum amount of HCl required for nitrogen preservation from pig urine.Methods: In Exp. 1, urine samples of 3.0 L each with 5 different nitrogen concentrations were divided into 2 groups: 1.5 L of urine added with i) 100 mL of distilled water or ii) 100 mL of 6 N HCl. The urine in open plastic containers was placed on a laboratory table at room temperature for 10 d. The weight, nitrogen concentration, and gross energy concentration of the urine samples were determined every 2 d. In Exp. 2, three urine samples with different nitrogen concentrations were added with different amounts of 6 N HCl to obtain varying pH values. All urine samples were placed on a laboratory table for 5 d followed by nitrogen analysis.Results: Nitrogen amounts in urine supplemented with distilled water decreased linearly with time, whereas those supplemented with 6 N HCl remained constant. Based on the linear broken-line analysis, nitrogen was not volatilized at a pH below 5.12 (standard error = 0.71 and p<0.01). In Exp. 3, an equation for determining the amount of 6 N HCl to preserve nitrogen in pig urine was developed: additional 6 N HCl (mL) to 100 mL of urine = 3.83×nitrogen in urine (g/100 mL)+0.71 with R2 = 0.96 and p<0.01. If 62.7 g/d of nitrogen is excreted, at least 240 mL of 6 N HCl should be added to the urine collection container.Conclusion: Nitrogen in pig urine is not volatilized at a pH below 5.12 at room temperature and the amount of 6 N HCl required for nitrogen preservation may be up to 240 mL per day for a 110-kg pig depending on urinary nitrogen excretion.
Estanda grafi kreyòl Ayiti: Pwopozisyon
Authors:   LangSE / Fakilte Lengwistik Aplike (FLA), Inivèsite Leta Ayiti, Gourdet Frantz
Published: November 2022

Rezime Pa genyen estanda nasyonal jeneral pou òtograf kreyòl ayisyen (KA). Depi ofisyalizasyon alfabè 1980 an, anpil lengwis kontinye travay sou grafi lang lan. Yo pibliye pwopozisyon solid sou kesyon sa a, san yo pa rive jwenn konsansis. Ak teyori lineyaris la (Gourdet 2021), nou analize pifò nan pwopozisyon ki tounen toutan sou sèn syantifik la. Sa mande doub efò pedagojik pou montre ki jan nouvo fòmalis la ki pa sèvi ak kategori leksikal, itilize konsèp lengwistik fonksyonèl pou trete tematik òtograf premye nimewo revi Rechèch Etid Kreyòl la, e ki jan li pèmèt degaje eleman konsansis ki gen chans sèvi fondasyon nòm-estanda grafi KA a. Nou jwenn pou rezilta : (a) konfimasyon solidite alfabè 1980 an kòm fonnman òtograf fonemik KA a ; (b) konsta nesesite reyini yon gwoup lwa idantite fonolojik (LIF) ki chapante òtograf KA a sou fòm didaktik senp elèv lekòl, tradiktè, editè liv ak tout eskriptè ka mobilize pou teste si yon mo-teren byen fòme, oswa yon mo-vini byen kreyolize. Men poutèt nou konnen jij final òtograf kòrèk mo se yon diksyonè referans ki akonpaye aprantisaj lekti ak ekriti, nou degaje fòma yonn ki pou pote presizyon ak konfyans sou òtograf, siyifikasyon, itilizasyon epi òtofoni mo, menm jan ak tout diksyonè lang, men san kategori leksikal, avèk yon alfabè fonksyonèl analitik. Vizyon lineyaris la entegre òtograf nan yon sistèm grafi twa lòt konpozant konplete : yon sousistèm transkripsyon son, yon sousistèm senbòl ki pa alfabetik, yon ekriti analitik pou metrize sentaks lang lan epi make siyifikasyon ak anbigwite enonse. Mo kle : alfabè, nòm-estanda, òtofoni, òtograf, teyori lineyaris.
Lortograf Kreol Repiblik Moris (Kreol Morisien ek Kreol Rodrige): nesans, evolision, inplikasion
Authors:   Liniversite Moris, Carpooran Arnaud , Maury Yani ,   Liniversite Moris, doctorante
Published: November 2022

Abstract Although it is established that Mauritian Creole originated in the 1720s, it was not until 2011 that the Mauritian State finally recognized an official spelling for this language. Another one, no less historical, will follow this historical leap: the introduction of Mauritian Creole as an optional subject in primary schools in the Republic of Mauritius, and, subsequently, in secondary schools in 2018. These significant developments were made possible thanks to the struggles and the continuous work of several social actors, which started in the context of the Independence of Mauritius (in 1968), and which spanned over more than four decades at different levels, whether political, sociological, educational, identity or scientific. It turns out, however, that no one expected that the progress made by Mauritian Creole during the periods mentioned above would have some serious consequences in Rodrigues, an island attached to Mauritius and forming part of the Republic but having an autonomous political administration since 2002. There have been, indeed, in the wake of what happened in 2011 and 2012 (see above), a series of reactions and claims in Rodrigues in relation to the specificities of the Creole used on the Rodriguan territory. These claims and the events that followed had as a corollary the recognition by the Republic of Mauritius, of Rodriguan Creole as a language in its own right, and not as a simple regional variant of Mauritian Creole, to the point that the Rodriguan variety will even end up having its own official spelling, and even its own unilingual Creole dictionary, alongside its Mauritian counterpart (the Diksioner Morisien) which exists since 2009. Key words: Orthographic harmonisation and standardisation, Diksioner Morisien, Diksioner Kreol Rodrige
Lékritür lo kréol rényoné : son listoir, son lévolüsyon
Authors:   Inivèsite Lareyinyon, Daleau-Gauvin Laurence
Published: November 2022

The question of writing Creole is a question that concerns many Reunionese. How were the different Creole scripts emerged on the island? What are their history and evolution in this Reunionese society whose Creole language seems to be becoming more French daily? Since the writing of Reunionese Creole is neither normalized nor standardized, several graphic solutions are available to anyone who wants to use Reunionese Creole to write in society. In the absence of unity and for lack of information, many Reunionese write either spontaneously or by following the spellings recommended since 1977. The spelling remains a thorny and passionate subject in Reunion, on the one hand, the partisans of a script close to the spelling of French, on the other hand, the supporters of a spelling that is completely distant from that of French; in between, supporters of a graphic unity which proposes a graphic synthesis with a new theoretical contribution to reading. However, since 2012, some fears have begun to fade, but the “conflict” remains. The lack of unity did not prevent the production of writings in Creole. This situation of polygraphy of Reunionese Creole will continue. Keywords: writing, spelling, Creole language, creole from Reunion Island.
Trends of Regional Anesthesia Studies in Emergency Medicine: An Observational Study of Published Articles
Authors: Tsai Tou-Yuan , Yeh Hsin-Tzu , Liu Yu-Chang , Lee Ching-Hsing , Chen Kuan-Fu , Chou Eric , Sun Jen-Tang , Chen Kuo-Chih , Lee Yi-Kung , Chau Su Weng
Published: November 2022

Introduction: Regional anesthesia (RA) has become a prominent component of multimodal pain management in emergency medicine (EM), and its use has increased rapidly in recent decades. Nevertheless, there is a paucity of data on how RA practice has evolved in the specialty. In this study we sought to investigate how RA has been implemented in EM by analyzing trends of published articles and to describe the characteristics of the published research.

Methods: We retrieved RA-related publications from the SciVerse Scopus database from inception to January 13, 2022, focusing on studies associated with the use of RA in EM. The primary outcome was an analysis of trend based on the number of annual publications. Other outcomes included reports of technique diversity by year, trends in the use of individual techniques, and characteristics of published articles. We used linear regression analysis to analyze trends.

Results: In total, 133 eligible publications were included. We found that overall 23 techniques have been described and results published in the EM literature. Articles related to RA increased from one article in 1982 to 18 in 2021, and the rate of publication has increased more rapidly since 2016. Reports of lower extremity blocks (60.90%) were published most frequently in ranked-first aggregated citations. The use of thoracic nerve blocks, such as the erector spinae plane block, has increased exponentially in the past three years. The United States (41.35%) has published the most RA-related articles. Regional anesthesia administered by emergency physicians (52.63%) comprised the leading ﬁeld in published articles related to RA. Most publications discussed single-shot (88.72%) and ultrasound-guided methods (55.64%).

Conclusion: This study highlights that the number of published articles related to regional anesthesia in EM has increased. Although RA research has primarily focused on lower extremity blocks, clinical researchers continue to broaden the field of study to encompass a wide spectrum of techniques and indications.
Quantifying Compassion Fatigue in Ancillary and Clinical Staff in an Adult Emergency Department
Authors: Bales Melissa , DeAlmeida Katelyn , Oei Courtney , Hampton David , Bohr Nicole
Published: November 2022

Introduction: Emergency department (ED) staff are at a high risk for compassion fatigue (CF) due to a work environment that combines high patient acuity, violence, and other workplace stressors. This multifaceted syndrome has wide-ranging impacts which, if left untreated, can lead to adverse mental health conditions including depression, anxiety, and substance use disorders. However, the majority of studies examining CF look solely at clinicians; as a result, there is little information on the impact of CF across other roles involved in supporting patient care. We conducted this study to establish the prevalence of CF across both clinical and non-clinical roles in the adult ED setting.

Methods: For this single institution, cross-sectional study, all full- and part-time ED staff members who worked at least 50% of their shifts in the ED or within the adult trauma service line were eligible to participate. Using the Professional Quality of Life Scale, which measures CF via compassion satisfaction (CS), burnout (BO), and secondary traumatic stress (STS), we assessed for group differences between roles using non-parametric one-way ANOVA.

Results: A total of 152 participants (response rate = 38.0%) completed the survey. This included attending physicians (n = 15, 9.7%), resident/fellow physicians (n = 23, 15.1%), staff nurses (n = 54, 35.5%), emergency technicians (n = 21, 13.8%), supportive clinical staff (n = 28, 18.4%), and supportive ancillary staff (n = 11, 7.2%). Across all roles, the majority of respondents had average levels of BO (median = 25.0, interquartile range [IQR] 20.0-29.0) and STS (median = 23.0, IQR 18.0-27.0) coupled with high levels of CS (median = 38.0, IQR 33.0-43.0). There was a difference in CS by role (P = .01), with nurses reporting lower CS than attending physicians. Secondary traumatic stress also differed by role (P = .01), with attending physicians reporting lower STS than both emergency technicians and nurses. Group differences were not seen in BO.

Conclusions: Rates of compassion fatigue subcomponents were similar across all ED team members, including non-clinical staff. Programs to identify and mitigate CF should be implemented and extended to all roles within the ED.
Chief Complaints, Underlying Diagnoses, and Mortality in Adult, Non-trauma Emergency Department Visits: A Population-based, Multicenter Cohort Study
Authors: Arvig Michael , Mogensen Christian , Skjøt-Arkil Helene , Johansen Isik , Rosenvinge Flemming , Lassen Annmarie
Published: November 2022

Introduction: Knowledge about the relationship between symptoms, diagnoses, and mortality in emergency department (ED) patients is essential for the emergency physician to optimize treatment, monitoring, and flow. In this study, we investigated the association between symptoms and discharge diagnoses; symptoms and mortality; and we then analyzed whether the association between symptoms and mortality was influenced by other risk factors.

Methods: This was a population-based, multicenter cohort study of all non-trauma ED patients ≥18 years who presented at a hospital in the Region of Southern Denmark between January 1, 2016–March 20, 2018. We used multivariable logistic regression to examine the association between symptoms and mortality adjusted for other risk factors.

Results: We included 223,612 ED visits with a median patient age of 63 and even distribution of females and males. The frequency of the chief complaints at presentation were as follows: non-specific symptoms (19%); abdominal pain (16%); dyspnea (12%); fever (8%); chest pain (8%); and neurologic complaints (7%). Discharge diagnoses were symptom-based (24%), observational (hospital visit for observation or examination, 17%), circulatory (12%), or respiratory (12%). The overall 30-day mortality was 3.5%, with 1.7% dead within 0-7 days and 1.8% within 8-30 days. The presenting symptom was associated with mortality at 0-7 days but not with mortality at 8-30 days. Patients whose charts were missing documentation of symptoms (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 3.5) and dyspneic patients (aOR 2.4) had the highest mortality at 0-7 days across patients with different primary symptoms. Patients ≥80 years and patients with a higher degree of comorbidity had increased mortality from 0-7 days to 8-30 days (aOR from 24.0 to 42.7 and 1.9 to 2.8, respectively).

Conclusion: Short-term mortality was more strongly associated with patient-related factors than with the primary presenting symptom at arrival to the hospital.
Monkeypox: A Re-emerging Viral Zoonotic Infection
Authors: Hosseini-Shokouh Seyyed-Javad , Gholami Mohammad , Barati Mohammad , Naghoosi Hamed
Published: November 2022

Context: Monkeypox virus (MPXV) infection is a zoonotic disease, endemic in sub-Saharan Africa, but recently has re-emerged outside Africa and caused some concerns. Evidence Acquisition: The current study aimed to briefly present a narrative mini-review on different features of MPXV. Data were gathered from Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, and PubMed databases and also WHO and CDC websites, using ''Monkeypox'', ''Variola'', ''Bioterrorism'', and ''Bioweapon'' keywords. Results: Monkeypox virus is categorized into two genetic clades with different outcomes. The incubation period of infection is 5 - 21 days, and infection by Central African clade may lead to a clinical representation similar to smallpox with about 10% mortality rate. Monkeypox virus can infect a wide range of mammals, and its natural reservoir is almost unknown. It is endemic in sub-Saharan Africa and is rarely seen outside Africa. Its most reliable detection is based on nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs). Treatment is mainly supportive, and some selective drugs are developed for severe cases. Avoiding close contact with wild animals and infected patients is the first line of prevention. Prior vaccination with smallpox or MPX vaccines is also protective. Due to similar symptoms of human monkeypox and smallpox, it may be a candidate for bioterrorism. However, there is no evidence of recent intentional spread of MPXV. Conclusions: This study has tried to provide a summary of MPXV infection. Despite recent concerns, there is still a very low risk of the MPXV pandemic. However, it is recommended to be alert for such infection and provide essential readiness against it.
Online Guided ACT Intervention for Enhancing the Psychological Well-being of Female Soccer Players in Pre-season
Authors: Nikander Jaakko , Saarni Johanna , K. Ihalainen Johanna , Valtonen Maarit
Published: November 2022

This study investigated whether an internet-based intervention aimed at enhancing the psychological well-being of female soccer players before the competitive season could be effective approach to meet the needs of the players. Players (n= 43; 17–26 years old)on the four separated teams in Finland’shighest league were assigned to either a guided six-week online Acceptance and Commitment Therapy intervention (ACTi) or to a control condition (CON). A between-groups pre–post (ACTi vs. CON) design was implemented before the competitive season. Players in the ACTi were offered three group sessions, performed internet-based tasks, and were individually supported by a guide. The results demonstrated that the ACTi players maintained their sports-related well-being (between-group, d = 0.72), while the sports-related well-being of the CON players, especially emotional and social well-being, had declined. In addition, ACTi players’perceived stress (d = 0.60) and depression (d = 0.88) declined, while their psychological flexibility in sports (d = 0.41) increased compared to the CON players. These results suggest that before the competitive season, players’ sports-related well-being decreases. The ACT intervention seemed to prevent this decrease and provide players with the skills to cope with emotional and social stressors related to the competitive season.
Connecting the building blocks of Open Science: an ecological approach
Authors: Mounier Pierre
Published: November 2022

Open Science covers a large panel of activities aimed at making research more transparent and collaborative. Several definitions provide lists of different components of open science, which creates the need to imagine how to connect these components together. However, the necessary work to interconnect open science services and tools must be completed by a holistic approach that considers open science as an ecosystem producing a “milieu” of knowledge and supported by a vibrant community gathered around shared values. It leads to an ecological approach of open science where the web of interactions within the ecosystem defines its elements rather than the opposite.
Study of Clinical Profile & Outcome in Elderly Patients with COVID-19
Authors: Naik Manjiri , Naik Rajiv , Paithankar Awani , Paramshetti Siddhiraj , Patel Shubham
Published: November 2022

Introduction: Novel beta coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has caused widespread transmission of coronavirus illness (COVID-19) in India from March 2020. In comparison to younger adults, older people and those with numerous co-morbidities are known to be more severely affected by seasonal flu and to have a higher mortality rate. The mortality rate increases significantly in the age groups over 60 years old with SARS-CoV-2 infection. With this objective present study was undertaken to study clinical profile and outcome in elderly COVID 19 patients

Materials and Methods: Data of 100 elderly patients aged 60 years and older with COVID-19 were obtained from hospital record section. It consisted of clinical characteristics, respiratory manifestations, laboratory parameters and radiological findings. COVID-19 confirmation was based on reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). 100 patients were divided into two groups based on outcome as Group A (Survivors) and Group B (Non-Survivors). They included 66 males and 34 females.

Observation and Results: Respiratory rate more than 30 was mainly present in group B patients (19%) compared to group A. In majority patients i.e. 79 (79%) SpO2 was between 80 to 95 range and majority i.e. 35 (35%) given Oxygen via nasal prongs. Haemoglobin <12 and Leucocytes ≤ 11000 was found in maximum patients. CRP, D dimer and random blood sugar showed statistically significant difference between two groups (P<0.0001). Ground glass opacities was main pattern found in 46 (46%), Bilateral Consolidation found in 41 (41%) and Unilateral Consolidation in 13 (13%). Results showed no statistically significant difference amongst two groups (P=0.725)

Discussion: A progressive and relatively linear increase in nasal cavity volume with increasing age along with an age-dependent decrease of nasal resistance are possible determinants for a higher prevalence of COVID in the elderly population

Conclusion: An individualized approach should be offered to older adults targeting the beneficial and negative effects of therapeutic approach
Antidiabetic and Toxicity Studies of the Extract of Four Nigerian Medicinal Plants
Authors: Bello Oyenike Idayat , Ayoola Marcus Durojaye , Obembe Oluwafunke , Akinwunmi Kemi Feyisayo
Published: November 2022

Aims: To evaluate the anti-hyperglycaemic efficacy and safety of the methanol extract of the combination of Senecio biafrae leaf, Xylopia aethiopica fruit, Carica papaya seed and Spondias mombin stem bark mixed together in ratio 1:1:1:1

Study Design: Extract of medicinal plants was assayed using glucose and streptozotocin-induced herperglycaemic rats model.

Place and Duration of Study: Department of Pharmacognosy, Obafemi Awolowo University, IleIfe, Nigeria, between May, 2019 and January, 2022.

Methodology: The extract of the combined plant parts was tested for toxicity in rats while its effects on glucose level, blood and biochemical components were also assessed. Its in-vitro anti-hyperglycaemic activity was assayed in α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory models while its in-vivo effects were tested in glucose and streptozotocin-induced hyperglycaemic rats. The antioxidant activity of the extract was also carried out.

Results: The extract did not show any adverse effects on blood sugar levels, haematological and biochemical parameters in normal rats in sub acute toxicity tests. The extract gave comparable (p > 0.05) α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory effects to acarbose. In glucose-induced hyperglycaemic rats, its 100 mg/kg was the most effective dose with 19, 40, 43, and 57%  activity  that was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than the 10, 18, 24, and 40%  activity given by glibenclamide (5 mg/kg) at the same time points. In streptozotocin-induced diabetic assay, its 50 mg/kg showed 31, 85, 85 and 82 % effects on days 4, 7, 10 and 14, respectively that was significantly higher than its 100 mg/kg and glibenclamide on days 7 and 10.  The extract also elicited high free radical scavenging effects in all the antioxidant assays.

Conclusion: The extract of the combination of four Nigerian antidiabetic plants mixed together in equal ratio gave significantly better antidiabetic activity at low doses than the individual plants without toxic effects.
Assessment of Genetic Variability in Cytoplasmic Male Sterility based Wheat Hybrid
Authors: Banjarey Prabha , Shukla R. S. , Rani Archana , Kumawat Sarla
Published: November 2022

Present study was carried out to evaluate genetic variability and inheritance of yield contributing traits using fifteen cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) based F1 hybrid of wheat involving fifteen CMS based lines and one restorer line received from IIWBR, Karnal and Division of Genetics, IARI under CRP on hybrid wheat programme along with five wheat checks. Experiment was conducted during Rabi 2019-20 in randomized block design with two replications in three different sowing dates at Seed Breeding Farm, JNKVV, Jabalpur.  Analysis of variance revealed that, significant differences among the crosses for all the traits indicated that the presence of sufficient amount of genetic variability. High GCV% and PCV % accounted for the traits number of effective tillers/plant and number of spikes/plant, thousand grain weights, spike weight and grain yield/plant in EI, EII, EIII and pooled environment. Genetic advance as percentage of mean estimate was highest for biological yield/plant (33.99%) and mean noted respectively number of effective tillers/plant, thousand grain weight, number of spikes/plant and grain yield/plant in different environment conditions. Hence, selection of these traits would be effective for further crop improvement programme. On the basis of mean and range, maximum mean value noted in respective CMS based hybrids viz., grain yield/plant (CMS96A*Res-37), thousand grain weights and grains/ear (CMS86A*Res-37), harvest index (CMS85A*Res-37), number of effective tillers/plant (CMS95A*Res-37). These crosses contributed directly for yield improvement and to meet the demand of increasing population to make India self sufficient in food security.
Evaluation of Cluster Bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.) Genotypes for Vegetable Pod Yield and Guar Gum Production
Authors: Jilen Binli , Pugalendhi L. , Devi H. Usha Nandhini , Priya R. Swarna
Published: November 2022

Cluster bean is a multipurpose legume crop grown in arid and semiarid regions for feed, fodder, and vegetable purpose. In the present study, seven genotypes of cluster bean were evaluated to estimate vegetable pod yield and guar gum properties under Coimbatore conditions. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with five replications. Observation on 14 characters viz., plant height (cm), days to first flowering, days to 50% flowering, number of flower cluster per plant, number of pods per cluster, number of pods per plant, pod length (cm), fresh pod weight (g), dry pod weight (g), fresh pod yield per plant (g), dry pod yield per plant (g), seed yield per plant (g), guar gum in seed (%) and protein content in seed (%) were recorded. The results of present investigation showed that CT CBE 002 outperformed all other genotypes studied in terms of plant height (156.34 cm), total number of clusters (16.44.), number of pods per cluster (6.78), number of pods per plant (99.64), seed yield per plant (29.61 g), guar gum percent (30.56 %), and seed protein content (22.13%). Pod weight was found to be the highest in MDU 1(6.62 g). CT CBE 001 was found to have the maximum pod yield per plant (343.12 g) and pod length (15.16 cm) and had the earliest days to first flowering (27.00 days) and days to 50% flowering (39.80 days).
Effect of Pesticides on Crop, Soil Microbial Flora and Determination of Pesticide Residue in Agricultural Produce: A Review
Authors: Isha . , Tallapragada Sridevi , Lather Rajesh
Published: November 2022

The review is carried out to represent the effect of pesticide exposure of plant on its growth and metabolism. Decades ago, pesticides were introduced aiming to increase the crop yields and protecting crops from pests. Pesticides are highly toxic chemicals and toxicity does not remain restricted to the target organisms only but also have negative impact on the environment's non-target organisms. Pesticide inhibit seed germination and enzymatic activity, reduces the growth, rate of photosynthesis and yield. Excessive use of pesticide results in pesticide residue in fruit, vegetable, seeds and in soil. Accumulation of pesticide in soil disturbs the microorganisms, soil enzymes such as hydrolases, oxidoreductases, dehydrogenase, phosphatase activities and other physiochemical characteristics of the soil which in turn affect the soil fertility. Therefore, the main goal of this paper was to examine how the pesticide application influence plant growth and development, altering biochemical and physiological processes as well as various enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants which ultimately affect the yield and results in residues in plant, fruits and vegetables.
Performance of Cowpea Variety (Kashi Kanchan) under Front Line Demonstration in Eastern Part of Uttar Pradesh, India
Authors: Srivastva Rajneesh , Meena Kamlesh , Singh Anup Pratap , Singh Neeraj , Behera T. K.
Published: November 2022

Aim: To promote technology among vegetable growers through front-line demonstrations on Cowpea var. Kashi Kanchan in order to increase production and earn more money.

Study Design: Not applicable.

Place and Duration of Study: ICAR-IIVR-Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Deoria, conducted front-line demonstrations on cowoea var, Kashi Kanchan at farmers' fields in the Deoria District of Eastern Uttar Pradesh during the Zaid season 2019 and 2020.

Methodology: During the study period, 45 front-line demonstrations at farmers' fields were undertaken to analyse the extension gap of cow pea. The yield data was collected and examined.

Results: According to the demonstrations that were undertaken, the improved variety of cowpea produced an average green pod yield up to 18.18% over farmers practice. Average net return was increased (25.90%) over local (long duration pole type and photo sensitive) varieties during both the year of demonstration. The benefit-cost ratio of two years from demonstrated technology was higher over farmer’s practices. The higher value of the\ B: C ratio (3.52) and net return (Rs. 1,08,275) indicates the more feasibly of the technology in eastern plain of Uttar Pradesh, India.

Conclusion: It has been revealed that the cultivation of an improved variety, together with better crop management techniques, significantly increased the productivity and income of cowpea growers. The farmers were quite delighted with the performance of the cowpea variety Kashi Kanchan and encouraged other farmers to do the same in their fields to aid the variety's horizontal spread.
Mature Cystic Teratoma of Adrenal Gland Masquerading as Myelolipoma
Authors: Anmol Kumar , Singh Reecha , Prasad Umakant , Nayak M. Vivek
Published: November 2022

Introduction: Extragonadal teratomas are uncommon tumors and are less common in adults than children. They are mostly retroperitoneal. Primary adrenal teratomas are even rarer.

Objective: We report an unusual case of primary adrenal teratoma in a young adult.

Case Summary: A 29 year old male presented with complains of intermittent right sided flank pain for 6 months, dull aching, radiating to groin. On CT Abdomen a large heterogenous mass was seen having predominantly fat component and punctuate calcification in right suprarenal region. Histopathology confirmed a diagnosis of adrenal teratoma.

Conclusions: Adrenal teratomas are difficult to diagnose clinically or on imaging as these mimic other lipomatous lesions. Although rare this should be considered as a differential diagnosis for adrenal tumors.
An Assessment of the Extent of Application of Geosynthetics to Civil Infrastructure Projects in Ghana
Authors: Somiah Matthew Kwaw , Brobbey Daniel , Danso Frederick Owusu , Honu Winfred Sena , Cudjoe Francis
Published: November 2022

This study was informed by the lack of literature that gave a country-specific holistic account of the extent of the application of geosynthetics to civil infrastructure projects. Thus, this current study determined the extent that geosynthetics had been applied to civil infrastructure projects in Ghana and, established the relative level of application of geosynthetics to civil infrastructure projects in Ghana. Structured questionnaire aided in data collection. Data were analysed using frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, and one sample t-test. The study revealed that there was a low level of application of geosynthetics to civil infrastructure projects in Ghana. However, Ghana’s case was of great concern as geosynthetics had been applied to only 7 out of the 28 civil infrastructure projects identified in previous studies. Pipe projects had the most application of geosynthetics whereas geosynthetics were least applied to retaining structures. Moreso, the study further revealed that only 6 out of the 9 types of geosynthetics had been applied to civil infrastructure projects in Ghana namely: geopipes, geomembranes, geotextiles, geogrids, geonets, and geocells. Relatively, geopipes were the most applied geosynthetics whereas geocells were the least applied geosynthetics to civil infrastructure projects in Ghana. This study serves as reference material on the extent of application of geosynthetics to civil infrastructure projects in Ghana which hitherto was lacking in the construction industry in Ghana. It also serves as the basis for future studies on the application of geosynthetics as it contributes to the existing body of literature on the subject.
Keloids: A Review of the Diseases, Causes, and Current Treatments
Authors: Anirudh J. , Gomathi T. , Sujatha P. L. , Devendran P. , Kumar K. Anbu
Published: November 2022

Keloids are benign tumors that grow as a result of excessive collagen release from overexpressed fibroblasts. Keloids and hypertrophic scars are distinguished by the fact that keloids develop beyond the site of the original lesion, but hypertrophic scars do not. It is still unclear why this mechanism operates, mainly when aberrant scarring occurs. Despite several treatments' availability, the keloids' recurrence rate remains high. Here, we summarize recent narrative reviews, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses to give a general overview of the condition, its underlying causes, and available therapies for keloids. To undertake a comprehensive investigation of the disease, over 100 publications were reviewed utilizing Google Scholar and Pubmed. We also shed light on using phytochemicals as a natural alternative to prevent keloid scarring, which occurs when the body responds abnormally to external injuries by producing scar tissue. We also summarize the available current treatments.
Simultaneous Estimation of Pantoprazole and Itopride in Bulk and Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms by RPHPLC Method
Authors: Kulsum Syeda , Naz Ayesha , Samreen Amena , Mahin Shaista , Mohammed Amatus Saboor , Absar Syeda Maheen
Published: November 2022

Objectives: The objective of the present work is to develop and validate a HPLC method with PDA detector to determine Pantoprazole and Itopride in bulk and tablet formulation.

Methods: This Chromatographic method uses Phenomenex Luna C18 (4.6 mm × 250 mm) having   particle size (5 µm) column and mobile phase selected after optimization is Methanol: Phosphate Buffer (pH-4.2) (37:63% v/v) with flow rate of 1.0ml/min and detection was carried out at 260 nm.

Results: The retention time of the Pantoprazole and Itopride was found to be 2.133, 3.692±0.02 min respectively.  The maximum wavelength (λmax) was found to be 290nm for Pantaprazole and 301 nm for Itopride. Linearity is seen in concentration range of 20-60mg/ml for Pantoprazole and 10-30 mg/ml for Itopride. Validation was performed as per ICH guidelines for linearity, accuracy, precision, LOD and LOQ. The calculated limit of detection (LOD) values were 1.04 and 3.12  μg/mL  and limit of quantitation (LOQ) values were 2.1 and 6.3 μg/mL.The inter-day and intra-day precisions were found to be within limits. The method precision for the determination of Pantaprazole and Itopride was below 2.0%RSD.

Conclusion: The present methodunder study is simple yet sensitive, precise, accurate and useful for routine analysis of Pantoprazole and Itopride formulation. This method is simple as diluted samples can be directly used without any preliminary chemical derivatisation or purification steps.
A transient inflammatory response contributes to oxaliplatin neurotoxicity in mice
Authors: Calls Aina , Torres‐Espin Abel , Tormo Marc , Martínez‐Escardó Laura , Bonet Núria , Casals Ferran , Navarro Xavier , Yuste Víctor J. , Udina Esther , Bruna Jordi
Published: November 2022

Objectives

Peripheral neuropathy is a relevant dose‐limiting adverse event that can affect up to 90% of oncologic patients with colorectal cancer receiving oxaliplatin treatment. The severity of neurotoxicity often leads to dose reduction or even premature cessation of chemotherapy. Unfortunately, the limited knowledge about the molecular mechanisms related to oxaliplatin neurotoxicity leads to a lack of effective treatments to prevent the development of this clinical condition. In this context, the present work aimed to determine the exact molecular mechanisms involved in the development of oxaliplatin neurotoxicity in a murine model to try to find new therapeutical targets.

Methods

By single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq), we studied the transcriptomic profile of sensory neurons and satellite glial cells (SGC) of the Dorsal Root Ganglia (DRG) from a well‐characterized mouse model of oxaliplatin neurotoxicity.

Results

Analysis of scRNA‐seq data pointed to modulation of inflammatory processes in response to oxaliplatin treatment. In this line, we observed increased levels of NF‐kB p65 protein, pro‐inflammatory cytokines, and immune cell infiltration in DRGs and peripheral nerves of oxaliplatin‐treated mice, which was accompanied by mechanical allodynia and decrease in sensory nerve amplitudes.

Interpretation

Our data show that, in addition to the well‐described DNA damage, oxaliplatin neurotoxicity is related to an exacerbated pro‐inflammatory response in DRG and peripheral nerves, and open new insights in the development of anti‐inflammatory strategies as a treatment for preventing peripheral neuropathy induced by oxaliplatin.
S.F. seeks improved recovery programs amid a philosophical tug‐of‐war
Authors: Enos Gary
Published: November 2022

An array of initiatives targeting San Franciscans experiencing some combination of a substance use disorder, homelessness and serious mental illness are being introduced during a tumultuous time in policy making for the city–county government. Some view the often‐contentious debate that has unfolded in recent months as a struggle between advocates of harm reduction and tougher drug enforcement, while others point to an equally compelling discussion of the merits of a “Housing First” approach vs. a greater emphasis on treatment and support services to break the cycle of homelessness.
Perovskite Solar Cell‐Gated Organic Electrochemical Transistors for Flexible Photodetectors with Ultrahigh Sensitivity and Fast Response
Authors: Song Jiajun , Tang Guanqi , Cao Jiupeng , Liu Hong , Zhao Zeyu , Griggs Sophie , Yang Anneng , Wang Naixiang , Cheng Haiyang , Liu Chun‐Ki , McCulloch Iain , Yan Feng
Published: November 2022

Photodetectors (PDs) are the building block of various imaging and sensing applications. However, commercially available PDs based on crystalline inorganic semiconductors cannot meet the requirements of emerging wearable/implantable applications due to their rigidity and fragility, which creates the need for flexible devices. Here, a high‐performance flexible PD is presented by gating an organic electrochemical transistor (OECT) with a perovskite solar cell. Due to the ultrahigh transconductance of the OECT, the device demonstrates a high gain of ≈106, a fast response time of 67 µs and an ultrahigh detectivity of 6.7 × 1017 Jones to light signals under a low working voltage (≤0.6 V). Thanks to the ultrahigh sensitivity and fast response, the device can track photoplethysmogram signals and peripheral oxygen saturation under ambient light and even provide contactless remote sensing, offering a low‐power and convenient way for continuous vital signs monitoring. This work offers a novel strategy for realizing high‐performance flexible PDs that are promising for low‐power, user‐friendly and wearable optoelectronics.
Catalytic Heteroannulation for the Synthesis of Quinoline‐4‐Carboxamides Bearing Axial Chirality
Authors: Zhang Xiang , Chen Bo‐Tao , Gao Peng , Song Rui‐Ping , Fang Fang , Han Dan‐Dan , Shao You‐Dong , Cheng Dao‐Juan
Published: November 2022

An iron(III) triflate catalyzed Friedländer‐type heteroannulation of 2‐(2‐aminophenyl)‐N,N‐dialkyl‐2‐oxoamides with α‐methylene carbonyl derivatives has been established, allowing facile access to a range of biologically interesting quinoline‐containing tertiary amides in good yields. Investigations into the configurational stability of products led to the identification of a new type of stable axially chiral quinoline‐4‐carboxamide bearing a sterically demanding phenylsulfonyl C3‐substituent. Subsequently, an enantioselective catalytic variant was attempted. The employment of copper(II) catalysis using a chiral bisoxazoline ligand was found to be capable of providing moderate enantiocontrol.

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Oxygen‐Chlorine Chemisorption Scaling for Seawater Electrolysis on Transition Metals: The Role of Redox
Authors: Wexler Robert B. , Carter Emily A.
Published: November 2022

To clarify what controls species oxidation selectivity in seawater electrolysis, density functional theory (DFT) is used to identify chemisorption enthalpy trends and scaling relations for the simplest relevant adsorbates (O, Cl, and H) on relevant surfaces of 3d transition metals, as well as Pd and Pt, in face‐centered‐cubic and, if different, their ground‐state crystal structures. Approximations are tested for electron exchange‐correlation (XC) and van der Waals interactions to assess their ability to reproduce experimental adsorption enthalpies of H and O on Pt(111). The vdW‐uncorrected generalized gradient approximation to XC of Perdew, Burke, and Ernzerhof (PBE) agrees most closely with experiments. Using DFT‐PBE thereafter, it is determined that the O chemisorption enthalpy on this wide range of transition‐metal surfaces is proportional to the sum of first and second atomic ionization energies, akin to a Born–Haber cycle for a redox reaction, indicating that metal redox activity controls O chemisorption strength. Then it is shown that the O and Cl chemisorption enthalpies are strongly correlated, suggesting that the transition metals considered will oxidize unselectively water and Cl–. This strong correlation appears also for crystal reduction potentials of binary oxides and chlorides, indicating a fundamental challenge for future seawater electrode materials design.
Epipolar Geometry‐Based Visual Servoing of Soft Endoscopic Manipulator for Transoral Laser Ablation
Authors: Fang Ge , Wang Xiaomei , Ho Justin D. L. , Wang Kui , Chow Chun-Kit , Lee Kit-Hang , Xie Xiaochen , Tang Wai Lun , Liang Liyuan , Chang Hing-Chiu , Juan Chun-Jung , Liu Yun-hui , Chan Jason Ying-Kuen , Kwok Ka-Wai
Published: November 2022

Soft manipulators integrated with optical laser fibers offer new opportunities for endoscopic noncontact laser surgery. To achieve precise laser projection in a confined workspace and avoid damage, a controller with high accuracy and stability is required. An effective way is to close the control loop. Therefore, a visual servo controller that allows automatic laser spot steering using soft manipulators is proposed. An epipolar geometry model is established to acquire the inverse transition mapping from image to actuation. With this mapping, a feedback controller is derived without prior information of tissue surface geometry. Experimental validation demonstrates accurate path following using a magnetic resonance‐safe manipulator, with root‐mean‐square (RMS) tracking errors <4 pixels (140 μm) in the camera view. This is maintained even throughout 70 repeated cycles, with a maximum tracking error <11.32 pixels (≈396.2 μm). The controller enables laser spot following of the mouse cursor with an RMS tracking error of 3.97 pixels (≈180.5 μm). Ex vivo tissue ablation tests are conducted to validate the laser ablation pattern, with an RMS tracking error of about 5.75 pixels (≈201.3 μm). A laser ablation test is conducted under magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to validate the feasibility of MRI‐guided laser surgery.
The clinical features of OSTM1‐associated malignant infantile osteopetrosis: A retrospective, single‐center experience over one decade
Authors: Alotaibi Qutaibah , Dighe Manjiri , Aldaihani Saad
Published: November 2022

Mutation in OSTM1 give rise to the rarest and most lethal subtype of malignant infantile osteopetrosis (MIOP), and an improved understanding of OSTM1‐associated MIOP would help with informed decision‐making regarding symptom management and early palliative care referral. This retrospective study describes the clinical and laboratory features of patients with a genetic diagnosis of OSTM1 MIOP made between January 2011 and December 2021 in the Department of Pediatrics, Al‐Adan Hospital, Kuwait. Twenty‐two children had confirmed homozygous deletion in OSTM1 (13 females, nine males). Consanguinity was reported in almost all parents. 72.7% were diagnosed before the age of two months, most commonly incidentally with a high clinical suspicion. All 22 patients developed upper respiratory symptoms, hepatosplenomegaly, poor feeding, and had severe developmental delay. 80% of patients developed pain and/or irritability, and 40.9% were diagnosed with primary seizures. Bone fractures developed in 27% of patients, most likely iatrogenic, and some patients had hernia and gum abnormalities. The mean survival was 10.9 months. The clinical presentation, symptomatology, and mortality of our cohort were compared with other cases of OSTM1 MIOP identified through a comperhensive search of the PubMed database. The findings conclude that OSTM1 MIOP is a multi‐systemic disease with distinct clinical features, of which neurological complications are the most severe and include nociplastic pain and irritability. Although orthopedic complications influence the trajectory of most patients with other forms of osteopetrosis, OSTM1 MIOP is driven by its neurological complications. Hence, OSTM1 should be regarded as a neurodegenerative disease with osteopetrosis as a comorbidity that warrants early palliative care referral.
Palladium‐Catalyzed [6+2] Double Allene Annulation for Benzazocines Synthesis
Authors: Xu Haibo , Ma Shengming
Published: November 2022

An efficient double allene protocol for the formation of benzazocines has been developed. The reaction constitutes a highly regioselective palladium‐catalyzed formal [6+2] annulation of allenyl benzoxazinanones with terminal allenes forming the challenging 8‐membered cycles. Decent yields and excellent regioselectivity have been observed under mild conditions with a remarkable Z‐stereoselectivity for the exo‐cyclic C=C bonds. The synthetic potentials of benzazocine products have been demonstrated.
Enriching Surface‐Accessible CO2 in the Zero‐Gap Anion‐Exchange‐Membrane‐Based CO2 Electrolyzer
Authors: Xu Qiucheng , Xu Aoni , Garg Sahil , Moss Asger B. , Chorkendorff Ib , Bligaard Thomas , Seger Brian
Published: November 2022

Zero‐gap anion exchange membrane (AEM)‐based CO2 electrolysis is a promising technology for CO production, however, their performance at elevated current densities still suffers from the low local CO2 concentration due to heavy CO2 neutralization. Herein, via modulating the CO2 feed mode and quantitative analyzing CO2 utilization with the aid of mass transport modeling, we develop a descriptor denoted as the surface‐accessible CO2 concentration ([CO2]SA), which enables us to indicate the transient state of the local [CO2]/[OH−] ratio and helps define the limits of CO2‐to‐CO conversion. To enrich the [CO2]SA, we developed three general strategies: (1) increasing catalyst layer thickness, (2) elevating CO2 pressure, and (3) applying a pulsed electrochemical (PE) method. Notably, an optimized PE method allows to keep the [CO2]SA at a high level by utilizing the dynamic balance period of CO2 neutralization. A maximum jCO of 368±28 mA cmgeo−2 was achieved using a commercial silver catalyst.
Programming Non‐Nucleic Acid Molecules into Computational Nucleic Acid Systems
Authors: Zhang Qiu‐Long , Wang Yang , Wang Liang‐Liang , Xie Fan , Wu Ruo‐Yue , Ma Xu‐Yang , Li Han , Liu Yan , Yao Shunchun , Xu Liang
Published: November 2022

Nucleic acid (NA) computation has been widely developed in the past years to solve kinds of logic and mathematic issues in both information technologies and biomedical analysis. However, the difficulty to integrate non‐NA molecules limits its power as a universal platform for molecular computation. Here, we report a versatile prototype of hybridized computation integrated with both nucleic acids and non‐NA molecules. Employing the conformationally controlled ligand converters, we demonstrate that non‐NA molecules, including both small molecules and proteins, can be computed as nucleic acid strands to construct the circuitry with increased complexity and scalability, and can be even programmed to solve arithmetical calculations within the computational nucleic acid system. This study opens a new door for molecular computation in which all‐NA circuits can be expanded with integration of various ligands, and meanwhile, ligands can be precisely programmed by the nuclei acid computation.