bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adrenal Cortical Function in Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Authors: Kim Sun Taek , Kim Kyung Sik
Published: March 2022

We measured total 17-Hydroxycorticosteroid excretion and its increasing rate after ACTH administration by using Porter-Silber method and 17-ketosteroid excretion by using Holtorff and Koch’s method. and had measured reducing rate of circulating eosinophile count after ACTH administration in order to investigate adrenal cortical function of the pulmonary tuberculosis.1) In Normal Control group.17. Hydroxycorticosteroid excretion 4. 91-7 93mg average 5. 46mg Increasing ratio of 17-Hydroxycorticosteroid after ACTH administration 30.89% 17-Ketosteroid excretion 13. 66-23. 91mg average 17.71ingReducing ratio of eosinophile count after ACTH administration 64%. In Minimal Tuberculosis group 17-Hydroxycorticosteroid excretion 1. 93-4. 30mg average 3. 19m9 17-Ketosteroid excretion 5.42-13. 30mg average 10. 36mg Reducing ratio of eosinophile count after ACTH administration 44. 83% In far advanced group 17-Hydroxycorticosteroid excretion 0. 83-4. 43mg average 2. 46mg Increasing ratio of 17-Hydroxycorticosteroid after ACTH administration 196. 7% 17-Ketosteroid excretion 4.60-14. 43mg average 7. 67mg Reducing ratio of eosinophile count after ACTH administration 52% (8 hrs I. V. method) 2) The adrenal cortical function of the pulmonary tuberculosis depressed and its degree was almost parallel with severity of the diseases.
Bioetica e programmi elettorali
Authors: Fiori Angelo , Sgreccia Elio
Published: March 2022

Non disponibile
Bioetica in pediatria di base
Authors: Leone Salvino
Published: March 2022

La riflessione bioetica, nell'ambito della pediatria, ha generalmente priviiegiato le problematiche relative al suo esercizio ospedaliero. Ma la pediatria di base, che oggi costituisce la più vasta espressione dell'attività pediatrica, presenta anch'essa numerosi aspetti meritevoli di un'attenta valutazione etica. Partendo da queste premesse l'Autore passa in rassegna le più significative di tali problematiche: il consenso e dissenso alla terapia da parte dei genitori, la contraccezione nell'adolescente, la sperimentazione in pediatria, le vaccinazioni non obbligatorie, il trattamento dei bambini portatori di handicap, la verità al bambino, il rapporto costi-benefici in pediatria. Tali problematiche vengono affrontate in un'ottica personalista in cui il bene del bambino diventa la chiave interpretativa di tutta la riflessione etica.
An Inquiry on Airway Management by McCoy Blade with Elevated Tip and Miller Straight Blade with Paraglossal Technique
Authors: Vidhya Sri , Prakash Neel , Swain Amlan , Kumar Sharad , Shukla Rajiv
Published: March 2022

Background:

Modifications of curved and straight laryngoscope blades have been used for airway management since a long time. While McCoy blade with an elevated tip is commonly used to intubate patients with anticipated difficult airway, the Miller's straight blade is used for intubations in children and less commonly adults. In this study, we revisit the paraglossal technique of Miller's straight blade as a method to improve laryngeal view especially in difficult intubations.

Aim:

This study aimed to compare laryngoscopic view and ease of intubation (EOI) using McCoy blade elevated tip and Miller's straight blade paraglossal technique.

Materials and Methods:

A prospective single-blind study was conducted on 170 patients undergoing elective surgery under general anesthesia. They were randomly allotted to two groups. In Group A, laryngoscopy was performed by Miller's blade paraglossal approach, whereas in Group B, laryngoscopy was performed by McCoy blade with an elevated tip. Laryngeal view was graded using the modified Cormack–Lehane grading, and EOI was graded using EOI score. These were compared with preoperative intubation prediction score. Statistical analysis was done using “Medcalc“ version 19.0.3. Numerical and categorical data were analyzed by Student's t-test and Chi-square test, respectively. A P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:

The paraglossal approach with Miller's blade offered better laryngoscopic view as compared with McCoy blade with an elevated tip in normal (54.1% vs. 25.9%) and difficult airway (44.7% vs. 11.8%). Tracheal intubation was easier with McCoy blade with an elevated tip although the success rate of intubation improved with the assistance of a bougie with Miller's straight blade paraglossal approach.

Conclusion:

The laryngeal view was significantly better with the paraglossal approach of Miller's straight blade even in difficult airway. McCoy blade with an elevated tip was also found to be a useful tool to have in difficult airway, as EOI is significantly higher. The study also highlights the usefulness of adjuncts such as a gum elastic bougie while intubating.
Comparison of Postoperative Pulmonary Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Cesarean Section under General and Spinal Anesthesia
Authors: Louis Andrew , Tiwary Manish Kumar , Sharma Praveen , Nair Abhijit Sukumaran
Published: March 2022

Introduction:

Regional anesthesia (RA), i.e., spinal or epidural anesthesia when performed for lower segment cesarean section (LSCS) provides excellent surgical conditions, avoiding manipulation of the maternal airway, maternal satisfaction, and good postoperative analgesia. However, in situations like fetal distress (fetal heart rate abnormalities), obstetric indications (abruption of placenta, antenatal placental bleeding, cord prolapse), maternal refusal for RA, contraindications to neuraxial anesthesia (anticoagulation, coagulopathy), and at times failed RA general anesthesia (GA) is administered. Several studies have demonstrated greater mortality and morbidity when LSCS is done under GA when compared to neuraxial block.

Methods:

After necessary approval, we retrospectively reviewed data over a period of 1 year (January 1, 2020–December 31, 2020) of LSCS under GA versus RA. The aim was to compare immediate postoperative complications, postoperative pulmonary complications up to 4 weeks from the time of elective and emergency LSCS under either RA or GA.

Results:

Of the 753 patients who underwent LSCS in one calendar year, there were 272 (36.12%) elective and 481 (63.87%) emergency LSCS. The number of elective LSCS under neuraxial block was 219 (29.09%) and under GA were 53 (7.03%). Emergency LSCS done under neuraxial block were 268 (35.59%) and under GA were 213 (28.28%). There were no adverse pulmonary complications at the end of 4 weeks in either group.

Conclusion:

RA provides maternal satisfaction and excellent perioperative analgesia in LSCS. Safe GA can be achieved with proper airway planning, if case is attended by at least two anesthesiologist with adequate preoperative fasting, and postoperative monitoring.
Glioma stem cells and their microenvironment
Authors: Zhu Wenyu , Chen Hua , Yan Ke , Wu Jie , Zhao Yaodong , Huang Qiang
Published: March 2022

Significant new progress was made 10 years ago in the hypothesis that neuroglial cells, neural stem cells, and glioma stem cells (GSCs) depend on the tumor microenvironment (TME) transformation: (1) Because GSCs also have heterogeneity, they are a state, not an entity. (2) The importance of the border niche among many tumor niches is emphasized because it is a shelter for tumor resistance to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. (3) The plasticity of GSCs and TME cells allows TME cells to become GSC-initiating cells. (4) Future development will entail a close interaction between high-throughput molecular biology and artificial intelligence. In this review, we summarize recent advances in GSCs and their microenvironment from the following three aspects: the constantly updated of concept of stem cells, the concept of TME and niche, and the plasticity of GSCs and TME cells.
Correlation of Serum Homocysteine Levels and Hyperinsulinaemia with Body Mass Index in Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome
Authors: Bhushan Rashmi , Sinha Parul
Published: March 2022

Background:

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrinopathies affecting women in reproductive age group. The interrelationship of serum homocysteine, homoeostatic assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and body mass index amongst overweight, obese and non-obese PCOS patients is not fully established.

Aims:

We aimed to study the correlation of serum homocysteine levels and hyperinsulinaemia with body mass index (BMI) in PCOS patients.

Study Setting and Design:

This was a case–control study in which 35 women with PCOS and 35 non-PCOS women acting as controls were enrolled.

Materials and Methods:

Cases were identified by Rotterdam's criteria. (IR) indices, HOMA determination and serum homocysteine levels were determined and their correlation with BMI was studied.

Statistical Analysis Used:

Student's t-test and analysis of variance test were used for statistical analysis. The Pearson correlation coefficient was then used to estimate the correlation.

Results:

On overall evaluation, a significant positive correlation of fasting insulin, HOMA-IR and serum homocysteine) was observed (P < 0.05), however, on evaluating the correlation of these markers independently in cases and controls, only fasting insulin and HOMA-IR showed a significant correlation. In a multivariate model where PCOS was considered a dependent variable with age, fasting glucose, HOMA-IR, serum homocysteine and body mass index as the independent variables, only serum homocysteine levels were found to be significantly associated with the dependent variable (odds ratio = 1.172; 95% confidence interval = 1.032–1.330).

Conclusion:

PCOS women had significantly higher mean fasting glucose, fasting insulin, HOMA-IR and homocysteine levels as compared to non-PCOS controls. Mean HOMA-IR, homocysteine and fasting insulin levels showed a significant incremental trend with increasing BMI category in overall evaluation as well as in cases and controls independently.
Research on the Enhancement Algorithm of Defocused and Blurred Image Base on Non-local Constraints
Authors: Xi Erhui , Li Man
Published: March 2022

Due to the diversity of defocus blurred images, causing the unsatisfied effect of sharpness enhancement of the defocused and blurred image. On this basis, the paper has proposed an enhancement algorithm of defocused and blurred image base on non-local constraints. The estimated results similar to the original image was acquired, the actual defocus blur optical transfer function was calculated and the low inverter over-amplifying the noise was avoided through the improvement of inverse filtering by the Wiener filter. Based on the symmetry of a defocused and blurred circular, the diffusion curve of straight marginal function was filtered and restored to eliminate the noise in the image. On this basis, the non-local self-similarity and total variational regularity of the defocused and blurred image were complemented, and the sharpness of the defocused and blurred image was finally enhanced by using the non-local model to restore the marginal and detailed texture information of the defocused and blurred image. The results of the simulation have shown that the proposed method could not only increase the computational efficiency, but also obtain satisfactory sharpness enhancement of the defocused and blurred image, and a better retain effect of the marginal information.
Surgical Window and Treatment Strategy for Patient with Multiple Fractures Escaping Inflammatory Response: A Case Report
Authors: Shakya Sujan , Ming Liu , Xinag Zhou
Published: March 2022

Today’s Orthopedic surgeons must be adept at the evaluation and management of complicated Multiple Injured Patients (MIP). Despite dynamic strategies, advance modern medical care, the mortality rate of 50-70% has been reported due to high-velocity accidental cases with femoral shaft fractures associated with pelvic fractures and injuries to other organs. We hereby present an interesting case of MIP with the unstable pelvic acetabulum, ipsilateral femoral shaft fracture, floating elbow, and distal radius fracture. It is essential to follow an optimal protocol for such complex fractures. Therefore, we stated the appropriate surgical window and treatment intervention to fix all the major fractures by overcoming the hyperinflammatory state.
Resource Use Efficiency in Apple Production at Himachal Pradesh : A Comparative Study of Different Farm Size
Authors: Kumar Sikander
Published: March 2022

The act of production involves the transformation of inputs into outputs. The relation between inputs and output has been called the production function. As factor inputs are costly and scarce, and the extent of their use on farms has a direct bearing on crop production the case for their efficient use is self-evident. Therefore, it is necessary to study the extent and magnitude of various farm endowments prevailing on farms in different size classes in the study area. The field survey was conducted on 200 farming households of different farm sizes and Apple output and inputs data had been collected from the respondents with the help of Questioner. The Cobb-Douglas production function has been used to Analyze the input-output relation which explains the resource use efficiency of different farm sizes. The study reveals that the land-use efficiency is significant on marginal farms however in human labour it is higher on small farms. The manures and fertilizers results reveal that it is highest and significant on marginal farms however in seeds it turned out to be non-significant in all farm categories. As far as the others are concern it is significant on medium farms at a 1.00 percent significant level.
Implementación de un inversor resonante aplicado a la obtención de películas delgadas de polipirrol bajo plasma-polimerización
Authors: Nabor Balderas Gutiérrez Juan , Mario Ibañez Olvera , Bethsabet Jaramillo Sierra , Neli Hernández Arias Alma , Miguel Villanueva Castañeda
Published: March 2022

Se presenta el diseño e implementación de un convertidor elevador de voltaje en configuración puente completo, capaz de operar en modo resonante a diferentes frecuencias de trabajo y diferente topología de reactor. El circuito de control del convertidor está constituido a partir del circuito integrado MC34067 capaz de operar a frecuencia de 2 MHz.  Por otra parte, el incremento de voltaje se llevó a cabo mediante un transformador elevador con relación 1:20, el cual se implementó en un núcleo de ferrita para disminuir pérdida de energía y evitar la saturación del núcleo al trabajar a altas frecuencias.  El objetivo primordial del trabajo fue generar las condiciones apropiadas para la generación de plasma de descarga luminiscente con la finalidad de sintetizar películas de polipirrol y polipirrol dopadas con yodo, dentro de un reactor cilíndrico tipo capacitivo de placas paralelas al vacío.
Effect of 4.7% Stevia Solution Mouth Rinsing on Salivary pH: An In Vivo Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Puja C Yavagal  , Bhawana R Kumar  , Divyapriya GK
Published: March 2022

Background: Stevia is a natural, non-caloric sweetener with antimicrobial, antioxidant and anti-cariogenic properties. Aim was to assess and compare the effect of 4.7% stevia solution, 4.7% sucrose solution and distilled water mouth rinsing on salivary pH. Methods: Randomized controlled trial with latin square design was followed involving 15 female participants aged 20-23 years. Participants were randomly allocated to three interventional groups; Group A: 4.7% stevia mouth rinse, Group B: 4.7% sucrose mouth rinse and Group C: distilled water mouth rinse. Salivary pH assessments were done at baseline and 1, 20 and 60 minutes post intervention using salivary pH indicator strips. For statistical analysis, significance level was fixed at p<0.05. One way and repeated measures ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post Hoc tests were used for data analysis Results: There was a significant (p<0.05) increase in salivary pH post rinsing with stevia solution (at 1, 20 and 60 minutes respectively) compared to sucrose solution and distilled water mouth rinsing Conclusion: Stevia solution mouth rinsing showed significant increase in salivary pH at one hour from baseline compared to sucrose and distilled water mouth rinsing. Hence, it may serve as an anti-cariogenic sugar substitute.
Perceptions of Parental Functions among Married People in Benin
Authors:   Health and Society Institute, Faculty of Human Sciences, University of Quebec in Montreal, Montreal, Canada, Aguessivognon Togla Aymard
Published: March 2022

Parental function remains one of the rare “jobs” that people exercise without any prior formal preparation. The consequences associated with poor parenting skills, however, raise many social issues. An important factor in positive parenting is the partage of and ability to fulfill parental roles. Unfortunately, parenthood is a very little explored field of research in Benin. To identify perceptions of parental roles in the country, one-on-one semi-structured interviews with married women and men were conducted. The results indicate a distinct division of parental functions along maternal-paternal lines with respondents perceiving sexual division of responsibilities as being ‘natural’ rather than through a gendered lens. And yet, the reality is that maternal ability to engage in income-generation activities is critically important in fulfilling parental roles and this is negatively impacted by childcaring responsibilities, especially in contexts of high fertility. In the context of developing and implementing parenting support policies, this data could be useful to public authorities and structures intervening in this field.
Greenhouse gas emissions, consumption, and fuel use intensity by an artisanal double-rig trawl fleet in southern Brazil
Authors: Port Dagoberto , Niemeyer Fiedler Fernando , Fisch Fabiane , Olinto Branco Joaquim
Published: March 2022

In Brazil, most national marine production is captured by artisanal fisheries. The present study was conducted in a traditional trawl fishing area for the capture of the Atlantic seabob shrimp Xiphopenaeus kroyeri in southern Brazil between 1996 and 2015 to obtain initial estimates of direct fuel inputs and greenhouse gas emissions. The data includes vessel characteristics, total and seabob shrimp production, and trawl duration. Approximately four million liters of fuel were consumed for an estimated catch of around 148,000 kg of fish (26.4 liters/kg captured), of which 19,000 kg were seabob shrimp (206 liters/kg captured) or 13% of total production. The carbon emitted by this fleet was almost three million GgC, between 401 and 666 tons per year. Although the number of vessels has increased over the years, catches, especially of seabob shrimp, have declined sharply, indicating over-exploitation of this resource, and reinforcing the urgent need to create management programs and selective technologies for this modality.
Doenças cardiovasculares em idosos usuários do SUS: prevalência e fatores associados
Authors: Pacheco Lucivânia Marques , M. S. da Cunha Brenner M. S. da Cunha , A. Queiroz Lívia A. Queiroz , L. Rocha Sara L. Rocha , O. Noleto Taynara O. Noleto , Rodrigues Iara Guimarães , Fernanda Costa Dalla Mutta Resende Camila , Cristian de Souza Herbert
Published: March 2022

Introdução: O envelhecimento propicia o surgimento de doenças cardiovasculares, como a insuficiência cardíaca (IC), por exemplo. Objetivo: Assim, o presente estudo objetiva analisar a prevalência de doenças cardiovasculares em idosos usuários do SUS e sua relação com fatores de risco. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma revisão de literatura com levantamento de artigos nas bases de dados Pubmed, Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS) e SciElo por meio dos seguintes descritores: elderly OR cardiovascular disease AND risk factors AND primary healthcare AND Brazil, (anos 2011 – 2020). A triagem dos artigos foi feita por meio do Fluxograma de identificação e seleção de acordo com o PRISMA Statement. Discussão: As doenças cardiovasculares surgem a partir dos 60 anos e a estimativa é de 15% nos homens e 9% nas mulheres. Com diagnóstico clínico, a doença coronariana aumenta para 20%, tanto no homem quanto na mulher. As maiores prevalências e fatores associados são o colesterol elevado, PAS descompassada, glicemia em jejum elevada, circunferência da cintura aumentada e HDL baixo. Considerações finais: Os achados deste estudo demonstram que as mudanças fisiológicas que estão correlacionadas com o envelhecimento, em grande parte são associadas à prevalência das DC em idosos.
Fiscal Consolidation in Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh during 2001 to 2019
Authors:   School of Economics Devi Ahilya Vishwavidyalaya, Indore, India, Kawadia Ganesh , Suryawanshi Ankit Kumar ,   Government College, Naryawali, Dist. Sagar Maharaja Chhatrasal Bundelkhand University Chhatarpur, (M.P.) India
Published: March 2022

This paper looks into fiscal consolidation in India's heartland states of Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh following their separation from 2001 to 2019. The study examines the trends in states' budget deficits, public spending, debt, and revenue collection to meet FRBMA, 2003 fiscal targets. According to the analysis, both states achieved fiscal consolidation after an initial hiccup during the period. The states adhered to the fiscal targets established by the FRBM Act of 2003 and various finance commissions. In Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh, the gap between revenue receipts and revenue expenditure has narrowed. The percentage of interest payments deducted from revenue has also been reduced. Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh are backward states, despite their above-average economic growth. The deficit and debt levels and the states' interest payments have increased later in the study period. The States must generate revenue through legislative non-GST taxes and other non-tax sources.
A Closer Look at the Conflict in Colombia
Authors:   Director of Equity, Empowerment, and Excellence for Multilingual Learners Central Falls, Rhode Island, United States, Páez Arenas Sergio Mauricio
Published: March 2022

Colombia is one the oldest democracies in the continent, but it holds the record for having the longest internal armed conflict in Latin America. The emergence of guerrillas, drug trafficking, and the proliferation of criminal groups, combined with the state's shortcomings, have made this territory a hotbed of conflict. Despite having a stable economy and plenty of resources the country is struggling to find long lasting peace.
Penguatan Nilai Utama Karakter Peserta Didik di SMK PGRI 1 Martapura dalam Mata Pelajaran Bahasa Inggris
Authors: Meldawati Fitri
Published: March 2022

Best Practice ini ditulis untuk membagi pengalaman penulis dalam melakukan pembisaan penguatan nilai utam karakter peserta didik di SMK PGRI 1 Martapura dalam mata pelajaran Bahasa Inggris. Urgensi Penguatan Pendidikan Karakter melalui Restorasi Pendidikan reformasi Sekolah, memperkuat Kurikulum 2013 dengan Pembangunan SDM sebagai fondasi pembangunan bangsa; Menghadapi kondisi degradasi akhlak, moral, dan budi pekerti; Menghadapi dinamika dan tantangan era global; Generasi Emas 2045 yang berdaya saing dan berjiwa Pancasila.  Penulis mengangkat pengalaman terbaik penulis dalam mengimplementasikan penguatan karakter utama yaitu Religiositas, Integritas, Gotong royong, Kemandirian , Nasionalisme . Sehingga Penguatan Pendidikan Karakter (PPK) yang berbasis kelas melalui integrasi dalam mata pelajaran, optimalisasi muatan lokal dan manajemen kelas terlaksana dengan optimal
Investigating the efficiency of Vertical Sub-Surface Flow Constructed Wetlands in the Reduction of Faecal Indicator Bacteria and Organic matter Under Varied Sizes of Gravel Substrate Aggregates
Authors: Lukhabi Khasisi , Muia Wairimu , Kipkemboi Julius
Published: March 2022

Constructed wetlands (CWs) polish wastewater prior to discharge into aquatic receptacles. Size variabilities of substrates used in CWS may have effects on the treatment efficiencies though there is scanty information regarding this aspect in VSSF CWs. To address this knowledge gap, a laboratory scale mesocosm experiment was set up to investigate the potential of a VSSF CW to reduce organic matter and FIB using various gravel substrate aggregate sizes. This consisted of three gravel size treatment units; <12.5, 12.5-18 and 18-24 mm in triplicates. 70 liters of pre-treated wastewater from the final wastewater stabilization pond (WSP) of Egerton University’s WSPs system was added to the units, allowed to settle for 6 weeks for development of biofilms, followed by periodic feeding of equal wastewater quantity on weekly basis and influent and effluent samples collected for 8 weeks for analysis. Results disclosed reduction efficiency of 95.2, 94.3 and 88.4 % for E coli in the fine, medium and coarse gravel aggregates respectively. Less than 20 % reduction efficiency was recorded for BOD5 in all gravel aggregate sizes. There was no significant variation on performance of the three gravel aggregate sizes in reduction of both FIB and BOD5 (p˃0.05). Poor performance in BOD5 reduction was related to absence of wetland macrophytes in the study. The relatively high reduction efficiency for FIB was attributed to other factors and processes such as predation, mechanical interactions, starvation, microbial interactions and natural die-offs. The study recommends assessing the combined effect of increasing the retention time, use of wetland macrophytes and incorporating various gravel aggregate sizes in order to increase the efficiency of VSSF CW in reduction of FIB and organic matter.
Ankle Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor in A Neurofibromatosis I Patient: A Case Report and Review the Literature
Authors: CG Monica , Gabriel CM Nelson , MG Isaac , Tulio MM Marco , Gabriela CT Maria
Published: March 2022

1.1. Introduction: Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumors (MPNST) are rare and aggressive sarcomata’s tumors with an overall incidence of 0.001% [1] derived from Schwann cells or pluripotent cells of the neural crest [2-8]. MPNSTs are typically seen in patients aged 20-50 years, and usually in the setting of Neuro Fibromatosis Type 1(NF1) and following radiation therapy [8]. The most common sites are the trunk and extremities followed by the head and neck area [7, 8]. 1.2. Presentation of The Case: This case reports a 50-year-old man with a previous diagnosis five years ago of a Plexiform Neuro Fibroma (NF) in the posterior distal third of the right leg and ankle. In this case, we review the most important pathological findings and review the literature by reason of the rarity of this lesion. Actually, the patient is currently on regular follow-up and ongoing disease extension study in another hospital for surgical or oncologic treatment decision. 1.3. Discussion: The majority of MPNSTs are derived from neuro fibroma or they arise de novo in normal peripheral nerves [9, 2]. It is important to focus on the correct diagnosis and especially in the differential diagnosis with other tumors that can mimic MPNST, which include desmoplastic and metastatic melanomas, as well as synovial sarcoma and fibrosarcomatous dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans [10, 11]. In this article, we discuss a case of a patient with a previous diagnosis of plexiform neuro fibroma that some years later presents as an enlarging painful mass that extends to the ankle, a rare location for these tumors as described on the pathological findings and review in the literature. 1.4. Conclusion: MPNSTs are very rare sheath tumors that must be suspected in patients with NF1, especially with a previous diagnosis or another benign lesion, because this is very aggressive and rapidly growing disease.
Intra-Abdominal Lymphangioma
Authors: Ali I  , Altaf R  , Anwar S  , Ajma R  , Rizwan B  , Ali R
Published: March 2022

Lymphangiomas are rare slowly growing benign tumors derived from lymphatic vessels. They occur in various anatomical locations of body like head, neck and abdomen. Abdominal cystic Lymphangiomas are rare intra-abdominal masses affecting the infants and young children, these may be detected incidentally on radiological investigations or present with abdominal distension, vague abdominal pain and life threatening emergencies like bowel obstruction and torsion of cystic masses. We are discussing the case of an intra- abdominal lymphangioma in a 5 years old girl who presented to the pediatrics outpatient department with complaints of abdominal distention and pain. Her ultrasound and CT scan abdomen with contrast were done. She later underwent surgery and histopathology was sent.
Echinococcosis of the Liver, Lungs and Brain. Clinical Observation.
Authors: AB Bashmakov , NA Kiryanov
Published: March 2022

Echinococcosis is the chronic parasitic disease arising due to contamination of an organism by larval form of Echinococcus granulosus helminth. This disease represents a serious diagnostic and medical problem. This article describes clinical observation of echinococcosis with damage of liver, lung and brain. Dynamics of clinical data, morphological and histological changes of organs are given. The rarity of affection of many organs, rapid growth of brain symptoms and incorrect interpretation of a computer tomography data of the brain have led to incorrect diagnosis and erroneous medical tactics.
Constraints Faced by Pineapple Growers in Tripura
Authors: Roy Priyanka , Ghosh Souvik
Published: March 2022

Agriculture is the main occupation of the inhabitants in Tripura and 80 per cent of the rural people depend on agriculture and allied sectors for the economic, food and nutritional security. Tripura has got highly suitable agro-climatic conditions to grow pineapple fruit. Livelihoods of many farmers largely depend on pineapple cultivation. However, pineapple cultivation is not delivering the desired output as it is constrained by several factors. Present study was conducted in year 2021 to delineate various constraints of pineapple cultivation and to determine difficulty level of each constraint as perceived by a random sample of 80 farmers. Various constraints were categorized as situational, technological, economic, social, environmental, infrastructure, and market related constraints. The major constraints identified were low rainfall, scarcity of water, labour intensiveness, high labour wage, high cost of cultivation, low adoption of scientific practices by neighbouring farmers, lack of group approach in farming, lack of infrastructure like; soil testing laboratory, agro-service centre, storage facilities and low-quality packaging. Lack of organised marketing facilities was the major concern for respondents-farmers. Future policy advocacies and agro advisories for development of pineapple cultivation need to focus on combating aforesaid constraints in pineapple cultivation.
Knowledge and Adoption Levels of Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) Cultivation by Farmers in Ladakh
Authors: Kumar Yogesh , Angmo Kunzes
Published: March 2022

Buckwheat belongs to the family polygonaceous is a high-value crop of Ladakh where it is grown either as the main season crop or after barley as short duration second crop. In the present investigation, four villages were selected from Leh and Kargil, districts. A random sample of 200 farmers was selected that included 50 farmers from each village. Collective interpolation of surveyed data indicated that the maximum number of farmers had a medium level of knowledge and adoption about the cultivation of buckwheat. The main constraints revealed by the respondents about the cultivation of buckwheat crops included non availability of improved seeds, lack of knowledge about varieties, lack of knowledge about the market rate, etc. However, the Ladakh administration is now facilitating the cultivation of buckwheat by giving training to the farmers through agriculture university experts and other allied departments in the cold desert aimed to enhance the knowledge base and the adoption of buckwheat cultivation, its popularization and commercialization.
Os estilos de pensamento dos referenciais em investigação-ação de dissertações e teses brasileiras sobre a formação inicial de professores de Matemática
Authors: Gasperi Angélica , Emmel Rúbia
Published: March 2022

Esta pesquisa teve o objetivo geral de: compreender as contribuições dos autores das pesquisas de dissertações e teses produzidas no país sobre a formação inicial ou continuada de professores de Matemática e a investigação-ação, na constituição de estilos e coletivos de pensamento que caracterizam a pesquisa do tema, presentes na base de dados analisada. Caracterizou-se pela abordagem qualitativa, teve como tipologia a pesquisa documental, na qual apresentou a análise de referenciais teóricos da investigação-ação identificados nas dissertações e teses brasileiras, disponíveis em meio eletrônico na Biblioteca Digital Brasileira de Teses e Dissertações (BDTD) do Instituto Brasileiro de Informação em Ciência e Tecnologia (IBICT). Delimitaram-se as buscas nos termos: formação de professores em Matemática e investigação-ação, e foram identificadas pesquisas nos anos de 2010 a 2020. A base de dados indicou um quantitativo de quarenta e duas pesquisas, que foram analisadas por meio da Análise de conteúdo. Assim, foi possível identificar 19 autores-referências, com destaque para a frequência da obra “Metodologia da Pesquisa-Ação” do autor Thiollent (1985), citado em 18/42 pesquisas analisadas. Deste modo, destaca-se a importância de seguir pesquisando e utilizando a investigação-ação para a realização de pesquisas na formação/constituição docente em Matemática.
Algoritmos sinalizados em cálculos de adição e subtração
Authors: Madalena Silene Pereira , Coelho de Segadas-Vianna Claudia
Published: March 2022

Este estudo buscou investigar o desempenho de 67 alunos surdos dos três primeiros anos do Ensino Fundamental, usuários de Libras - Língua Brasileira de Sinais, na realização de cálculos de adição e subtração. Objetivou-se descrever as principais estratégias utilizadas pelos estudantes e identificar erros frequentemente cometidos, relacionando-os às estratégias empregadas. As análises, quantitativas e qualitativas, revelaram que houve progressão acadêmica com a escolaridade e maior dificuldade na resolução dos cálculos de subtração. Identificou-se o uso de formas particulares na resolução de cálculos que podem ser atribuídas à modalidade visuoespacial da Língua de Sinais: algoritmos sinalizados. Essas estratégias são oriundas de uma forma própria de representar, contar e operar com os números, por surdos usuários de Línguas de Sinais, trazendo em si uma característica própria que as distinguem das formas de operar com os dedos, por ouvintes.
A importância do diagnóstico precoce de HIV como forma de prevenção da transmissão vertical da doença
Authors: Braga Maria Clara Biccas , Peruchi Lívia Spinassé , Almeida Sofia Cavalieri de , Santos Priscila Pinto e Silva dos
Published: March 2022

Introdução: A Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida é causada pelo vírus da imunodeficiência humana (HIV). É transmitido por meio da via sexual, parenteral ou vertical, resultando na supressão da imunidade mediada por células T e contribuindo para o agravo de infecções oportunistas. Como não há tratamento eficiente, faz-se imperativo a adoção de medidas objetivando mitigar os casos. Método: Revisão integrativa pelo cruzamento dos descritores no PubMed em abril de 2021. Incluídos artigos dos últimos 10 anos, em inglês ou português e dois de pesquisa posterior. Excluídos aqueles não condizentes com o enfoque da pesquisa, resultando em 13 artigos. Resultados: Prevenção da transmissão vertical é fundamental na redução da infecção dos recém-nascidos, sendo a terapia antirretroviral e o PCR durante o pré-natal, essenciais. Esse teste deve ser feito nas primeiras semanas de vida, pois, se feito tardiamente, há maior propensão de desenvolver a doença. Prematuros e abaixo do peso merecem destaque, devido à limitação dos possíveis medicamentos e imaturidade do trato gastrointestinal, dificultando o tratamento. Ressalta-se o papel dos profissionais da saúde como orientadores das mulheres quanto à importância da utilização de preservativos, reduzindo a incidência de infecções sexualmente transmissíveis. Conclusão: É imprescindível a capacitação dos profissionais de saúde para identificar a infecção logo no início, por meio de testes pré e pós-parto, além do acompanhamento da criança. Isso, somado a conscientização das mulheres com o perfil de risco de transmissão vertical sobre quais cuidados devem ser adotados. Deve-se considerar as características de cada localidade para adaptar as medidas onde serão implantadas.
Factors Influencing the Adoption of Automated Data Collection Technologies by Building Contractors in Kenya
Authors: Maina Victor , Diang‘a Stephen
Published: March 2022

Despite the fact that automated data collection (ADC) technologies come with new avenues of opportunities to reckon with that can be relevant for establishment of effective and efficient management approaches, studies indicate that construction industry has lagged behind in adopting and implementing these technologies. In the Kenyan construction industry, the current application of the information communication technology (ICT) platforms is on the conventional technologies like cameras, Smart phones & tablets applications and Radio Frequency Identification (RFID). However the use of more advanced ICT platforms like Global positioning systems (GPS) and wireless sensor networks remains highly unexploited in the construction industry. This paper seeks to establish factors which affect the adoption of automated data collection technologies by building contractors in Kenya. A Descriptive research survey design was used and structured questionnaires issued. The target population in this study comprised of Building works contractors in categories National Construction Authority (NCA) 1 to NCA3 operating within Nairobi County. Stratified systematic sampling was then used to draw the sample size from the population of 300 with a return of response rate of 63%. The study concluded that: the level of adoption of automated data collection (ADC) technologies by local building contractors in Kenya is significantly influenced by the cost of technology, availability of technology, management commitment, size of the firm and human resource capacity. The study recommends that construction firms should have competent planning and strategy teams to deal with innovation adoption. There is also the need for the government to improve the information communication technology infrastructure and through bodies like NCA introduce training programs on an industry level on the emerging technologies that can be applied in the construction sector.
Building a Capable State: Unpacking Critical Skills Development Challenges in the Public Sector
Authors: Moodley Sogendren , Chetty Rajen
Published: March 2022

Whilst the active repositioning of the role of South Africa’s state-owned enterprises (SOEs) has been a key thrust of governments response to slow economic growth, not enough attention has been given to exploring the challenges of building the capability of public services. More specifically, there has been insufficient scholarly focus that critically unpacks the nature and extent of skills development and human resource challenges facing management in SOEs. In order to fill this gap, this paper reports on the findings of a study undertaken at Transnet Capital Projects (TCP), a former project execution wing of Transnet SOE. Data collected from 191 respondents, in a survey of TCP project management teams, revealed that whilst the technical service providers contracted to deliver on mega-projects possessed the requisite skills, experience, and expertise, Transnet project’s personnel had limited experience and exposure to execute high value mega-projects. Moreover, the study highlighted low levels of management retention, with the high turn-over rates alluding to systemic internal challenges. These findings, nearly ten years since the implementation of the National Development Plan (NDP) intent on professionalising the public service, is worrisome and points to a need for an urgent intervention if the vision of building a developmental state is to be realised.
FACTORS AFFECTING NUTRITIONAL VITAMIN D LEVEL IN PATIENTS ON MAINTENANCE HEMODIALYSIS
Authors: Hussain Yasir , Aslam Sanaa , Nazish Munawar  , Quratulain  , Roshina Anjum
Published: March 2022

Objective: To determine which factors are affecting nutritional vitamin D levels in patients on maintenance hemodialysis.

Study design: Cross sectional descriptive study conducted at DHQ hospital, Sheikhupura.

Methods: All patients on maintenance hemodialysis for more than one month were included in this study. Patients with acute kidney injury and less than one month on hemodialysis were excluded from the study. Performa was designed for demographic (age, gender, education and address) and laboratory data (hemoglobin, urea, creatinine, albumin, bicarbonate, calcium, phosphate, intact parathyroid-PTH, vitamin D) of all the patients.

Results: One hundred and forty-six patients were enrolled in the study. Eighty six (58.9%) were from more than fifty-years of age. Fifty eight (39.7%) reported diabetes mellitus and Hypertension was the cause of End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD). All patients were on twice weekly dialysis. One hundred and ninety (81.5%) were started via double lumen catheter, sixty nine (47.3%) had more than hundred total number of dialysis, one hundred and seven (73.3%) had need of transfusion. There was significant association observed of vitamin D3 levels with age, total number of dialysis and blood transfusions required. Vitamin D3 had significantly associated with intact parathyroid (iPTH) levels and albumin, 55.8% sample found with less than ten vitamin D3 level and iPTH between 100-600, whereas 88.4% sample found with less than four albumin levels (p-value < 0.05). 

Conclusions: Vitamin D levels can be used as nutritional tool in dialysis patients. Age, albumin, PTH, total number of dialysis and blood transfusion had significant association with vitamin D level.
Implementasi Metode Rapid Application Development Pada Rancang Bangun Sistem Informasi Berbasis Web Dengan Framework W3.CSS
Authors: Gunadi Goldie
Published: March 2022

Pesatnya perkembangan teknologi informasi dan jaringan internet semakin memudahkan pengembangan aplikasi berbasis web untuk mendukung kegiatan administrasi dalam suatu organisasi. Permasalahan yang dihadapi oleh POUK Lenteng Agung saat ini adalah belum adanya sistem informasi yang terintegrasi untuk melakukan kegiatan administrasi seperti pengelolaan data anggota dan transaksi pembayaran iuran anggota. Rancang bangun sistem informasi berbasis web di POUK Lenteng Agung menggunakan bahasa pemrograman PHP dan framework W3.CSS dengan metode Rapid Application Development (RAD). Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah sebuah sistem informasi berbasis web pada POUK Lenteng Agung yang dapat digunakan untuk mengelola data anggota dan transaksi pembayaran anggota dengan cepat dan mudah sehingga dapat meningkatkan kualitas pelayanan yang diberikan kepada seluruh anggota.
Nivolumab (Opdivo)
Authors: Reimbursement Team
Published: March 2022

CADTH reimbursement reviews are comprehensive assessments of the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness, as well as patient and clinician perspectives, of a drug or drug class.

The assessments inform non-binding recommendations that help guide the reimbursement decisions of Canada's federal, provincial, and territorial governments, with the exception of Quebec.

This review assesses nivolumab (Opdivo), 10 mg/mL, 40 mg, and 100 mg single-use vials for IV infusion.

Indication: For the adjuvant treatment of completely resected esophageal or gastroesophageal junction cancer in patients who have residual pathologic disease following prior neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy.
UPAYA PENINGKATAN KOMPETENSI GURU DALAM MENYUSUN RENCANA PELAKSANAAN PEMBELAJARAN MELALUI PEMBINAAN DAN PENDAMPINGAN DI SMA NEGERI 2 TEBO
Authors: WIDODO EDI
Published: March 2022

This study aims to improve teacher competence in preparing lesson plans (RPP) through coaching and mentoring at SMA Negeri 2 Tebo for the 2019/2020 school year. The type of research conducted is School Action Research (PTS). This School Action Research aims to improve the competency and performance of subject teachers in preparing lesson plans (RPP) through coaching and mentoring at SMA Negeri 2 Tebo, Tebo Regency, Jambi Province, semester I for the 2019/2020 academic year. This School Action Research uses a cyclical strategy or approach with the following steps: planning, implementing, observing and reflecting. The results showed that there was an increase in the competence of teachers in preparing lesson plans as follows: Teacher competency in preparing lesson plans in the initial conditions, the average value was 67.37 and the percentage of eligibility was 41.30%. At the end of the first cycle the score became 77.6 with a feasibility percentage of 82.61%. At the end of the second cycle, the average value obtained was 81.39, the percentage of eligibility was 100% and the total increase was 2.17%. Another achievement from the results of this study is the shift in the teacher's way of thinking from being completely bureaucratic, instructive and highly dependent on the work of others to non-bureaucratic, cooperative, collaborative, creative, and independent.
ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kompetensi guru dalam menyusun rencana pelaksanaan pembelajaran (RPP) melalui pembinaan dan pendampingan di SMA Negeri 2 Tebo tahun pelajaran 2019/2020. Jenis penelitian yang dilakukan adalah Penelitian Tindakan Sekolah (PTS). Penelitian Tindakan Sekolah ini bertujuan untuk untuk meningkatkan Kompetensi dan kinerja Guru Mata Pelajaran dalam Menyusun Rencana Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran (RPP) melalui pembinaan dan pendampingan di SMA Negeri 2 Tebo Kabupaten Tebo Provinsi Jambi semester I Tahun pelajaran 2019/2020. Penelitian Tindakan Sekolah ini menggunakan strategi atau pendekatan siklus dengan langkah-langkah: perencanaan, pelaksanaan, observasi (pengamatan) dan refleksi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya peningkatan kompetensi guru menyusun RPP sebagai berikut: Kompetensi guru menyusun RPP pada kondisi awal nilai rata-rata 67,37 dan prosentase kelayakan 41,30%. Pada akhir siklus I nilai menjadi 77,6 dengan prosentase kelayakan 82,61%. Akhir siklus II nilai yang diperoleh rata-rata 81,39, prosentase kelayakan 100% serta total kenaikan mencapai 2,17%. Prestasi yang lain dari hasil penelitian ini adalah terjadinya pergeseran cara berfikir guru dari serba birokratik, instruktif dan ketergantungan tinggi pada hasil karya orang lain ke non birokratik, kooperatif, kolaboratif, kreatif, dan mandiri.