bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
essentials and valuables
Authors: Chen Eve J.
Published: February 2021

Rice has a long history of being the staple
grain for the Cantonese communities. The prominence of rice is also
captured in the abundance of rice-related idioms in the Cantonese
vernacular. Within the theoretical and analytical framework of
Cultural Linguistics (Sharifian,
2017), this chapter examines the cultural
conceptualizations underlying Cantonese food idioms that contain the
rice-related keywords mai, faan,
and zuk, and discusses the extent of idiomaticity
of these idioms from a Cantonese speakers’ perspective. The analyzed
idioms are collected from eight dictionaries and reference books of
Cantonese colloquial expressions mostly published within the last
two decades and screened through an online survey participated by
147 Cantonese speakers from Guangzhou, Hong Kong, and Macau. The
study discovers that Cantonese speakers often conceptualize various
types of essentials and valuables through the domain of
rice. Specific-level elaborations of these
conceptualizations are embedded in distinctive rice idioms.
Furthermore, through exploring the speakers’ degree of consciousness
about the identified cultural conceptualizations, the extent of
idiomaticity the speakers perceive of the idioms is discussed. In
all, the chapter concludes that Cantonese rice idioms are
instantiations of a complex and dynamic system of culturally
constructed conceptualizations that reflect both the Cantonese
worldviews and the rhetorical creativity of the Cantonese
speakers.
Global diffusion of laws: The case of minimum age of marriage legislation, 1965–2015
Authors: Ebetürk Irem
Published: February 2021

The majority of countries in the world have laws setting the minimum age of marriage at 18 years old. This is a global legislative trend that intensified greatly in the 1990s. What explains this trend? To answer this question, I conduct quantitative analyses of factors influencing legislation setting the minimum age of marriage at 18. I analyse time-series data for 167 countries from 1965 to 2015 to examine which countries were early adopters of legislation. Drawing on world society theory, I theorise that global level institutionalisation of norms concerning women and children is the key to understand the passing of minimum age of marriage laws. Findings indicate that world cultural scripts and the presence of women legislators are the main impetus behind the fight against child marriage. Countries with a Muslim majority are less likely to pass laws setting the minimum age of marriage at 18.
Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells are present in healthy gingiva tissue
Authors: Krishnan Siddharth , Wemyss Kelly , Prise Ian E. , McClure Flora A. , O’Boyle Conor , Bridgeman Hayley M. , Shaw Tovah N. , Grainger John R. , Konkel Joanne E.
Published: February 2021

Hematopoietic stem cells reside in the bone marrow, where they generate the effector cells that drive immune responses. However, in response to inflammation, some hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) are recruited to tissue sites and undergo extramedullary hematopoiesis. Contrasting with this paradigm, here we show residence and differentiation of HSPCs in healthy gingiva, a key oral barrier in the absence of overt inflammation. We initially defined a population of gingiva monocytes that could be locally maintained; we subsequently identified not only monocyte progenitors but also diverse HSPCs within the gingiva that could give rise to multiple myeloid lineages. Gingiva HSPCs possessed similar differentiation potentials, reconstitution capabilities, and heterogeneity to bone marrow HSPCs. However, gingival HSPCs responded differently to inflammatory insults, responding to oral but not systemic inflammation. Combined, we highlight a novel pathway of myeloid cell development at a healthy barrier, defining a gingiva-specific HSPC network that supports generation of a proportion of the innate immune cells that police this barrier.
Spatiotemporally resolved characteristics of AC three-dimensional rotating gliding arc at atmospheric pressure
Authors: Chen Zhao , Yu Jinlu , Cheng Weida , Jiang Yongjian , Jiang Luyun , Tian Yu , Zhang Lei
Published: February 2021

Based on gliding arc discharge, a novel aero-engine combustor head is designed, which can realize three-dimensional rotating gliding arc discharge in turbulent flow field at atmospheric pressure. The spatiotemporally resolved characteristics and discharge modes of gliding arc discharge are studied, including gliding discharge (G-D) mode, breakdown discharge (B-D) mode, multi-cycle B-D (MB-D) mode, short-cutting discharge (SC-D) mode. And the conversion between different discharge modes are discussed by using optical and electrical parameters synchronous observation. In the G-D mode, the discharge voltage and current show sinusoidal variation, and the current amplitude is about several 100 mA. In B-D mode and MB-D mode, the current waveform appears as nanosecond spike, and the peak value can reach several amperes. The interaction between turbulent flow and electric field can lead to SC-D mode, which reduces the arc length suddenly and changes the discharge path of the arc. Air flow and input power will affect the discharge mode of the gliding arc. In the G-D mode, the arc will change to B-D mode as the length increases. When the power supply energy is enough to maintain the arc gliding, the arc in B-D mode will also change to G-D mode. In different discharge modes, the discharge power of the arc will also be affected by the air flow and power supply energy.
Emulating artificial neuron and synaptic properties with SiO2-based memristive devices by tuning threshold and bipolar switching effects
Authors: Bousoulas Panagiotis , Panagopoulou Marianthi , Boukos Nikos , Tsoukalas Dimitris
Published: February 2021

The implementation of neuromorphic computations within a fully memristive neural network is considered the holy grail of the artificial intelligence era. In order to attain this goal, it is quite important to develop robust and configurable electronic devices capable of emulating spiking neuronal and synaptic plasticity activities. Along these lines, we report here the direct impact of oxygen concentration as well as of the homo-bilayer material configuration of SiO2-conductive bridge memories to the manifestation of tunable threshold and bipolar switching effects. Interestingly, while the bilayer structure of Ag/SiO
x
/SiO
y
/TiN (x < y) exhibits only bipolar switching effect, the respective single-layer structures of Ag/SiO
y
/TiN and Ag/SiO
x
/TiN operate under either threshold switching or both modes. Insights regarding the impact of oxygen concentration into the conducting filament growth process are provided. The manifestation of the two switching modes permits the emulation of various synaptic effects, such as short-term plasticity and long-term plasticity whereas the modulation of the conductance values allows the synaptic weight tuning by controlling the amplitude or the frequency of the triggering signals. Moreover, arbitrary neuron characteristics were obtained from our volatile memory devices without integrating any other auxiliary circuit. Our approach provides valuable insights towards the realization of artificial neural networks from the same material configuration with biological-like dynamic behavior.
Novel technique for estimating pollution-associated leakage current in high-voltage insulators based on adaptive filtering in long-term recording
Authors: Bueno-Barrachina Jose-M , Cañas-Peñuelas César-S , Ye-Lin Yiyao , Fuster-Roig Vicente
Published: February 2021

Moist polluting substances on high-voltage insulator surfaces can cause power-line failures by triggering electric arcs. There are at present no effective methods of measuring insulator pollution levels during normal operations. In this work, we attempt to estimate insulator pollution leakage current (PLC) as an indirect method of measuring deposits in a 30 month period of simultaneously recording leakage current and related environmental variables in substation insulators. We analyzed the relationship between raw leakage current and environmental variables. We canceled out the influence of relative humidity on leakage current by adaptive filtering and then obtained the PLC by filtering out the anomalous peaks in the recording. The proposed method considerably reduces the correlation between leakage current and relative humidity (0.826 vs 0.019). The resulting signal was only slightly correlated with other environmental variables (<0.03), suggesting that the relationships between leakage current and temperature, wind direction and speed are mainly attributable to their influence on relative humidity. The PLC presents a quasi-annual smooth fluctuation over time with a magnitude similar to those obtained in laboratory tests. This novel technique could be used to monitor insulator PLC in real time and thus improve power supply continuity and reduce maintenance costs.
A novel approach to tool condition monitoring based on multi-sensor data fusion imaging and an attention mechanism
Authors: Zeng Yunfei , Liu Riliang , Liu Xinfeng
Published: February 2021

Tool wear does great damage to product quality and machining efficiency. In this paper, a new tool condition monitoring (TCM) method based on a multi-sensor data fusion imaging and attention mechanism is proposed to indirectly measure and monitor tool wear. First, the multi-sensor signals collected during the operation of the machine tool are encoded and fused. A novel triangular matrix of angle summation method is proposed to fuse multi-sensor time-series signals at the data layer and to image them as two-dimensional images. The method used here effectively retains the detailed characteristics of the data, and also effectively retains the internal time relationship of the signal. In addition, a deep residual network with a convolution block attention module is used to extract the deep features from the encoded image and identify the wear stage of the tool. The proposed deep-learning network is then applied to TCM. It selects information in the channel and spatial domains based on its attention mechanism, and increases network depth by combining residual blocks to realize deep feature extraction. Compared with traditional machine learning methods, this end-to-end deep learning model does not rely on feature engineering, which requires a lot of expert knowledge and artificial experience. In our experimental study, a public data set was used to train the model, and the results showed that the accuracy of the model proposed in this paper was as high as 94%. To further verify its feasibility and effectiveness, the proposed model was also compared with other methods.
Damage development during the strain induced phase transformation of austenitic stainless steels at low temperatures
Authors: Homayounfard Milad , Ganjiani Mehdi , Sasani Farnaz
Published: February 2021

The strain-induced martensitic transformation greatly affects the plastic behavior of the metastable austenitic stainless steels. The martensitic transformation continuously changes the initially homogeneous material into a strongly heterogeneous bi-phase one. In addition to the hardening behavior, this phenomenon would influence the damage growth and load-carrying capacity of the material during the plastic deformation. In this study, plastic behavior of the material AISI 304 including the hardening and damage growth, has been examined at low temperature; where a high rate of martensitic transformation affects the microstructure strongly. Experimental analysis and microscopic observations have been performed for evaluating the martensite content and damage growth. In addition, based on the continuum damage mechanics, a simplified damage evolution model has been proposed to capture the effect of phase transformation on the damage growth rate explicitly. The results show that the damage initiates with a considerable rate in early stages of transformation, however at higher levels of transformation, damage growth rate decreases until a sudden fracture. The presented model properly predicts the observed damage behavior.
Gain-assisted critical coupling for enhanced optical absorption in graphene
Authors: Liu Tingting , Zhou Chaobiao , Xiao Shuyuan
Published: February 2021

Enhanced optical absorption in two-dimensional (2D) materials has recently moved into the focus of nanophotonics research. In this work, we present a gain-assisted method to achieve critical coupling and demonstrate the maximum absorption in undoped monolayer graphene in the near-infrared. In a two-port system composed of photonic crystal slab loaded with graphene, the gain medium is introduced to adjust the dissipative rate to match the radiation rate for the critical coupling, which is accessible without changing the original structural geometry. The appropriate tuning of the gain coefficient also enables the critical coupling absorption within a wide wavelength regime for different coupling configurations. This work provides a powerful guide to manipulate light–matter interaction in 2D materials and opens up a new path to design ultra-compact and high-performance 2D material optical devices.
Computational insights into modulating the performance of MXene based electrode materials for rechargeable batteries
Authors: Li Na , Fan Jun
Published: February 2021

MXene, a still-growing large family of two-dimensional (2D) materials, has aroused enormous attention in the scientific community. Owing to their high specific surface area, good electronic conductivity, stability, and hydrophilicity, MXene has found a wide application involving electromagnetic interference shielding, sensors, catalysis, and energy storage, etc. In the field of energy storage, MXenes are promising electrode materials for various metal-ion batteries and they are also effective anchoring materials for Li−S batteries. One of the most unique features of MXene is its abundant compositions, which renders us large room to modulate its properties. Besides, other effective approaches applicable to traditional 2D materials can also be used to optimize the performance of MXene. Theoretical calculations have played a significant role in predicting and screening high-performance MXene based electrode materials. So far, theoretical researchers have made much progress in optimizing the performance of MXene as electrode materials for various rechargeable batteries. In the present review, started by a brief introduction of the involved mechanism and basic calculation methods, we comprehensively overview the latest theoretical studies of modulating the performance of MXene based electrode materials for rechargeable batteries.
Drift kinetic theory of neoclassical tearing modes in a low collisionality tokamak plasma: magnetic island threshold physics
Authors: Dudkovskaia A V , Connor J W , Dickinson D , Hill P , Imada K , Leigh S , Wilson H R
Published: February 2021

A new drift kinetic theory for the plasma response to the neoclassical tearing mode (NTM) magnetic perturbation is presented. Small magnetic islands of width,

w
≪
a

(a is the tokamak minor radius) are assumed, retaining the limit w ∼ ρ

bi
(ρ

bi
is the ion banana orbit width) to include finite orbit width effects. When collisions are small, the ions/electrons follow streamlines in phase space; for passing particles, these lie in surfaces that reproduce the magnetic island structure but have a radial shift by an amount, proportional to

ρ

ϑ
i

/

e

, where

ρ

ϑ
i

/

e

is the ion/electron poloidal Larmor radius. This shift is associated with the curvature and ∇B drifts and is found to be in opposite directions for

V
∥

≶
0

, where

V
∥

is the component of velocity parallel to the magnetic field. The particle distribution function is then found to be flattened across these shifted or drift islands rather than the magnetic island. This results in the pressure gradient being sustained across the magnetic island for

w
∼

ρ

ϑ
i

and hence reduces the neoclassical drive for NTMs when w is small. This provides a physics basis for the NTM threshold, which is quantified. In Imada et al (2019 Nucl. Fusion
59 046016, and references therein), a 4D drift kinetic non-linear code has been applied to describe these modes. In the present paper, the drift island formalism is employed. Valid at low collisionality, it allows a dimensionality reduction to a 3D problem, simplifying the numerical task and efficiently resolving the collisional boundary layer across the trapped-passing boundary. An improved model is adopted for the magnetic drift frequency. This decreases the NTM threshold, compared to the results shown in Imada et al (2019 Nucl. Fusion
59 046016, and references therein), making it in quantitative agreement with experimental observations, with

w
c

=
0.45

ρ

ϑ
i

, where w

c
is the threshold magnetic island half-width, or 2.85ρ

bi
for the full threshold island width, predicted for our equilibrium.
Influences of sinusoidal density modulation on stimulated Raman scattering in inhomogeneous plasmas
Authors: Chen Y , Zheng C Y , Liu Z J , Cao L H , Feng Q S , Chen Y G , Huang Z M , Xiao C Z
Published: February 2021

The influence of sinusoidal density modulation on stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) reflectivity in inhomogeneous plasmas is studied using three-wave coupling equations, fully kinetic Vlasov simulations, and particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations. Through a numerical solution of the three-wave coupling equations, we find that the sinusoidal density modulation is capable of inducing absolute SRS even though the Rosenbluth gain is smaller than π, and we describe a region of modulational wavelength and amplitude in which absolute SRS can be induced, which agrees with earlier studies. The average reflectivity obtained by the Vlasov simulations has the same trend as the growth rate of absolute SRS obtained from the three-wave equations. Instead of causing absolute instability, a modulation wavelength shorter than the basic gain length can suppress the inflation of SRS through harmonic waves. In addition, the PIC simulations qualitatively agree with our Vlasov simulations. Our results offer an alternative explanation for high reflectivity in experimental underdense plasmas, which is due to long-wavelength modulation, and a potential method to suppress SRS using short-wavelength modulation.
S-scheme heterojunction ZnO/g-C3N4 shielding polyester fiber composites for the degradation of MB
Authors: Liu Xiang Yu , Li Jin
Published: February 2021

Solar-driven nano-semiconductor catalysts have shown great potential in solving environmental pollution and energy issues. They convert solar energy into chemical energy, release strong oxidizing hydroxyl radicals (OH·), and thoroughly degrade organic pollutants. However, these photocatalysts in turn may also damage some organic carriers. Therefore, we have used graphite phase carbon nitride (g-C3N4) as the isolation layer to prevent the carrier polyester fiber (PET) from being oxidized by zinc oxide (ZnO). ZnO-g-C3N4@PET composite has been prepared by hydrothermal method, photoluminescence results indicated that ZnO-g-C3N4@PET has a low photo-generated charge recombination rate, while g-C3N4 improves the visible light response of the composite and exhibits an obvious photocatalytic enhancement effect. In the experiment of degrading methylene blue (MB), the degradation efficiency of ZnO-g-C3N4@PET composite has been significantly improved compared with ZnO@PET and g-C3N4@PET alone. In addition, the prepared photocatalyst also has good reusability and still maintains a high degradation rate after five cycles of tests. In the end, a possible mechanism and a pathway of photocatalytic degradation of MB were proposed. All in all, this is a feasible way to build a highly efficient, environmentally friendly and sustainable supported photocatalyst.
Many-body effects and quantum fluctuations for discrete time crystals in Bose–Einstein condensates
Authors: Wang Jia , Hannaford Peter , Dalton Bryan J
Published: February 2021

We present a fully comprehensive multi-mode quantum treatment based on the truncated Wigner approximation (TWA) to study many-body effects and effects of quantum fluctuations on the formation of a discrete time crystal (DTC) in a Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC) bouncing resonantly on a periodically driven atom mirror. Zero-range contact interactions between the bosonic atoms are assumed. Our theoretical approach avoids the restrictions both of mean-field theory, where all bosons are assumed to remain in a single mode, and of time-dependent Bogoliubov theory, which assumes boson depletion from the condensate mode is small. We show that the mean-field and time-dependent Bogoliubov approaches can be derived as approximations to the TWA treatment. Differing initial conditions, such as a finite temperature BEC, can also be treated. For realistic initial conditions corresponding to a harmonic trap condensate mode function, our TWA calculations performed for period-doubling agree broadly with recent mean-field calculations for times out to at least 2000 mirror oscillations, except at interaction strengths very close to the threshold value for DTC formation where the position probability density differs significantly from that determined from mean-field theory. For typical attractive interaction strengths above the threshold value for DTC formation and for the chosen trap and driving parameters, the TWA calculations indicate a quantum depletion due to quantum many-body fluctuations of less than about two atoms out of a total of 600 atoms at times corresponding to 2000 mirror oscillations, in agreement with time-dependent Bogoliubov theory calculations. On the other hand, for interaction strengths very close to the threshold value for DTC formation, the TWA calculations predict a large quantum depletion—as high as about 260 atoms out of 600. We also show that the mean energy per particle of the DTC does not increase significantly for times out to at least 2000 mirror oscillations and typically oscillates around an average value close to its initial value; so TWA theory predicts the absence of thermalisation. Finally, we find that the dynamical behaviour of our system is largely independent of whether the boson–boson interaction is attractive or repulsive, and that it is possible to create a stable DTC based on repulsive interactions.
A review: Photonics devices, architectures, and algorithms for optical neural computing
Authors: Xiang Shuiying , Han Yanan , Song Ziwei , Guo Xingxing , Zhang Yahui , Ren Zhenxing , Wang Suhong , Ma Yuanting , Zou Weiwen , Ma Bowen , Xu Shaofu , Dong Jianji , Zhou Hailong , Ren Quansheng , Deng Tao , Liu Yan , Han Genquan , Hao Yue
Published: February 2021

The explosive growth of data and information has motivated various emerging non-von Neumann computational approaches in the More-than-Moore era. Photonics neuromorphic computing has attracted lots of attention due to the fascinating advantages such as high speed, wide bandwidth, and massive parallelism. Here, we offer a review on the optical neural computing in our research groups at the device and system levels. The photonics neuron and photonics synapse plasticity are presented. In addition, we introduce several optical neural computing architectures and algorithms including photonic spiking neural network, photonic convolutional neural network, photonic matrix computation, photonic reservoir computing, and photonic reinforcement learning. Finally, we summarize the major challenges faced by photonic neuromorphic computing, and propose promising solutions and perspectives.
The effect of γ-ray irradiation on the SOT magnetic films and Hall devices
Authors: Yang Tengzhi , Cui Yan , Li Yanru , Yang Meiyin , Xu Jing , He Huiming , Wang Shiyu , Zhang Jing , Luo Jun
Published: February 2021

Magnetoresistive random access memories (MRAMs) have drawn the attention of radiation researchers due to their potential high radiation tolerance. In particular, spin-orbit torque MRAM (SOT-MRAM) has the best performance on endurance and access speed, which is considered to be one of the candidates to replace SRAM for space application. However, little attention has been given to the γ-ray irradiation effect on the SOT-MRAM device yet. Here, we report the Co-60 irradiation results for both SOT (spin-orbit torque) magnetic films and SOT-Hall devices with the same stacks. The properties of magnetic films are not affected by radiation even with an accumulated dose up to 300 krad (Si) while the magnetoelectronic properties of SOT-Hall devices exhibit a reversible change behavior during the radiation. We propose a non-equilibrium anomalous Hall effect model to understand the phenomenon. Achieved results and proposed analysis in this work can be used for the material and structure design of memory cell in radiation-hardened SOT-MRAM.
Integration of GaN analog building blocks on p-GaN wafers for GaN ICs
Authors: Li Xiangdong , Geens Karen , Amirifar Nooshin , Zhao Ming , You Shuzhen , Posthuma Niels , Liang Hu , Groeseneken Guido , Decoutere Stefaan
Published: February 2021

We demonstrate the key module of comparators in GaN ICs, based on resistor-transistor logic (RTL) on E-mode wafers in this work. The fundamental inverters in the comparator consist of a p-GaN gate HEMT and a 2DEG resistor as the load. The function of the RTL comparators is finally verified by a undervoltage lockout (UVLO) circuit. The compatibility of this circuit with the current p-GaN technology paves the way for integrating logic ICs together with the power devices.
Management of Microgrid System Based on Optimization Algorithm
Authors: Hasan Wafeeqa Abdulrazak , Abed Issa Ahmed , Shary Diyah Kammel
Published: February 2021

Currently, due to the industrial progress in the world and the increase in population numbers led to the occurrence of an economic crisis as well as environmental pollution; for which there are microgrid advances capabilities and the use of renewable sources, for production the energy at high quality and lowest cost possible. So, there are many effective algorithms can be utilized for a purpose schedule energy production among available sources of energy in the microgrid system. A microgrid with two diesel generators, two wind turbines and three fuel-cell plants has been used as a case study. Firefly algorithm (FA) nature-inspired algorithms are among the most efficient algorithm for optimization, the proposed method used to optimize schedule generation in a microgrid for 24 hours at minimum cost. Moreover, the results are validated by performing various tests of the algorithm parameters and have proven that the method is efficiently done for scheduling optimum power generation in the microgrid.
A General Algorithm of Association Rule-Based Machine Learning Dedicated for Text Classification
Authors: hamid Zeyad , Khafaji Hussein K
Published: February 2021

Many data mining techniques and machine learning algorithms have been developed to classify textual data involving decision tree, support vector machine, K-Nearest neighbour, in addition to machine learning-based algorithms. Association rules based machine learning is accomplished in two phases; training phase and testing phase that may be reinforced to enhance the classification accuracy according to new minimum support and confidence. Association rules mining/processing, in its various applications, passes through two massive computation steps; frequent itemsets mining and association rules extraction. This paper presents a general algorithm for association rules-based machine learning dedicated to text classification. To verify the efficiency of the algorithm, different text datasets were used such as tweets dataset for sentiment classification, pdf documents and HTML documents. Experiments of sentiment classification showed that the classifier constructed according to minsup threshold =%700 and minconf threshold =50% gives the best performance with F1 = 0.9861811 while the experiments of HTML and PDF appeared accurate classification equal to (94%).
Study of the performance of multiple v-type fin arrangements as an enhancement of natural heat transfer from a vertical surface
Authors: Muhammed Mahmmod A. , Al-Hamadani Ali A. F.
Published: February 2021

Thermal influence on home appliances, devices and other engineering systems is so high that it causes a system failure. The dominant mode of heat transfer through these systems is the natural heat transfer. As the value of heat transfer coefficient is low, an extension in the heat transfer area becomes essential. The extension is merely to add fins with different shapes and configurations depends on the geometry of systems and space available. One of these configurations is the V type fin array. A testbed was built using two different configurations of fin array. The first array looks like the letter “V” with two discrete parts and the other array is the upset of the letter “V”. The array consists of two columns and five rows separated by a certain distance. The variable heat fluxes were achieved by changing the voltage of three heating elements fixed to the backside of the testbed. Seven thermocouples were fixed at different positions on the testbed and the experiment was run to calculate the natural heat convection through the testbed. The configuration with upset V shape fin shows better performance because it allows the air to flow faster through the middle passage separating the fin array.
Modeling Efficient Hybrid Air Conditioning System
Authors: Hannun R M , Hamza S Q
Published: February 2021

The main objective of the present study is to investigate the thermal performance of the air chiller using the heat exchanger using the chilled water tank by Freon R-134a. The air chiller model was designed and fabricated with all measuring devices in the AL-Muthanna city environment. The practical tests were carried out with a change in the factors governing air coolant performance to investigate their effects on the properties of the system. The study covered the values of the cooling water flow rate at (2l/min) and the evaporator water temperature (2.5 to 5.69 °C) and the return water temperature in the reservoir ranged from 11.6 to 19.2 °C). The greatest coefficient of thermal performance in the system was (5) while the lowest coefficient of thermal performance was (3.6) and that agreement to the experimental studies of this type of system. The results showed that the average guidance in the consumption of air-chilled energy by using the water tank and Freon R-134a was about 13% to 32% compared to the conventional air conditioner. All through the results indicated that the addition of a cooling stage to the conventional cooler inside the testing room results in lowering the temperature (dry temperature) by (27%) and reduced the relative humidity by (36%).
Behavior of Slurry Infiltrated Fibrous Concrete (SIFCON) Deep Beams: With and Without Openings
Authors: Abd Mohammed S , Abd Ammar A
Published: February 2021

Due to the absence of study deals with the effect of SIFCON on deep beams, this study was conducted. The mechanical properties; compressive, tensile, flexural and shear strength were tested. The second aspect was the study of behavior of SIFCON deep beams with and without openings. The study was divided into two groups. The first group was prepared to cover the following cases: variation in SIFCON ratio, the effect of shear span to depth ratio, removing of vertical steel and removing of mesh reinforcement. While, the second group was prepared to study the following cases: variation in SIFCON ratio, openings reinforcement effect and effect of opening shape. The increase of SIFCON ratio by (6% to 9%) gave increasing in the cracking and ultimate load compared with a deep beam of conventional concrete. In addition, it was removed either vertical reinforcement or all reinforcement, it showed an increase in ultimate load for solid deep beams with SIFCON of (9%) increased than the conventional concrete. The results showed that the ultimate load was increased with decreasing the effective shear span to depth ratio. The SIFCON deep beam with inclined reinforcement around the openings gave increasing in the ultimate load than the conventional concrete deep beam with inclined reinforcement. Also, the SIFCON deep beam with circular opening gave high cracking and ultimate loads than square and triangular openings. The toughness and ductility were increased for all SIFCON deep beams.
Underground housing formation strategies
Authors: Mahdi R M , Aboud A H
Published: February 2021

This paper studied underground residential spaces as one of the most important treatments used since a long time ago until now, and despite the set of obstacles accompanying it, such as increasing costs and special construction treatments required by building, the resulting spaces remain a viable alternative to housing. The research problem is stated as a need for knowledge to determine the morphological formation of the residential underground to enhance its attachment to the surface. To solve such research problem, the most important vocabulary and indicators related to each of the morphology of the underground residential space and the physical links that work to enhance the relationship of the underground residential space with the surface have been investigated and identified. Suitable for housing depending on specialized architectural proposals. A questionnaire was conducted to demonstrate the possibilities of adopting the values of underground residential space morphology and the main element of Physical connectors between the top and bottom and indicating the degree of achievement of value resulting from the theoretical framework. The research founded that the underground residential space was considered fit for housing whenever its connection with the surface was strong depending on the functional, visual and spatial connectors.
Motion simulation design of crank-connecting rod mechanism of automobile engine
Authors: Zhang Sui , Ma Qiang , Zhang Liang , Wan Hao-chuan , He Ren-qi , Tan Tun-xu
Published: February 2021

In this paper, the crank-connecting rod mechanism of Santana 2000AJR automobile engine is modeled by UG8.0 software with CAD technology, and then the motion simulation module is used to create the motion drive. After pre-processing and post-processing, the motion simulation design of the crank-connecting rod mechanism is completed. In the development of automobile, the motion simulation technology can simulate the motion law of crank-connecting rod mechanism and replace the complicated physical experiments in practice, shorten the calculation cycle and cost, and lay a foundation for optimizing the design of crank-connecting rod mechanism.
Effect of temperature on the performance of sherardizing coating
Authors: Zhang Xiaohua , Guo Lijuan , Wang Wei , Hou Caifeng , Zhang Ke
Published: February 2021

To investigate the effect of the sherardizing temperature on the coating performance, several experiments were made at 380°C, 390°C, 400°C, 410°C and 420°C for 4h. The coating composition, morphology, thickness, mass, and microhardness were analyzed. The results show that the coating is continuous, dense and uniform. The coating is mainly formed by the diffusion of Zn and Fe atoms, and has a two-phase structure. The top layer is a thick FeZn10 phase, and the subjacent layer is a thin Fe11Zn40 phase. With the increase of temperature, the morphology and microhardness of coating change little, but the coating thickness and mass increase gradually.
Study on System Design and Variation of Vehicle Antenna Eccentricity test
Authors: Jiang Guokai , Ji Guotian , Feng Jiaxu , Shen Penghui , Ding Yifu , Wang Changyuan
Published: February 2021

This paper takes the vehicle antenna as the research object, and carries out a comparative study on vehicle antenna testing by improving the NF-FF transformation algorithm and combining the special application scenarios of vehicle testing. Research has shown that when the vehicle is used as the DUT, there is a significant difference in the near-field test data when the vehicle antenna is in the center and the geometric center of the vehicle is in the test center; however, through correct NF-FF transformation processing, both far-field radiation patterns are consistent. It shows that the far-field radiation information of the whole vehicle can be obtained under the processing of spherical near-field measurement and near-far-field transformation. This conclusion provides a basis for the promotion of wireless performance testing of the vehicle.
Mathematical modelling of unstable bent flow using the selective frequency damping method
Authors: Proskurin Alexander V
Published: February 2021

The selective frequency damping method was applied to a 90-degree bent flow. The method was used in an adaptive formulation. The most dangerous frequency was determined by solving an eigenvalue problem. It was found that one of the patterns, steady-state or pulsating, may exist at some relatively high Reynolds numbers. The periodic flow occurs due to the instability of the steady-state flow. This numerical method is easy to use but requires a great deal of time for calculations.
Traveling magnetization waves in diluted magnetic material
Authors: Tsiberkin Kirill
Published: February 2021

The magnetization evolution of the paramagnetic matrix and ferromagnetic admixture ions is considered using the continuous medium model. A dynamical equation system is derived. Two possible solutions are obtained. The first is a travelling wave of finite amplitude, which is stable in the system with a ferromagnetic interaction of admixture ions. The second solution is a soliton; its amplitude and velocity are determined by the exchange energy of the admixture ions and dipole interaction between them and the bulk matrix. The dipolar coupling of the bulk lattice and admixture ions has a significant effect on the solution stability.
Joint influence of electric field and vibrations on the instability of fluid dielectric layer with free boundary
Authors: Sadilov E S
Published: February 2021

The joint influence of normal electric field and normal vibrations on the instability of the infinitely deep fluid dielectric layer with free boundary in the approximation of small viscosity was studied. It was shown that normal vibrations increase the value of electrical field strength exciting. The electric field effect on the first resonance zone was also studied. It was shown that for sufficiently small values of Weber number there were such values of electrical field strength that had three or two resonance zones existed instead of one first resonance zone.
Mechanical properties of bulk composites based on aluminum alloy reinforced with CNT with ex-situ TiC layer
Authors: Aborkin A.V. , Babin D.M. , Zalesnov A.I. , Bokaryov D.V. , Elkin A.I.
Published: February 2021

The composite powders AlMg6 + 0.3 wt.% CNT and AlMg6 + 0.3 wt.% TiC/CNT were synthesized by the method of high-energy ball milling. Characterization of powders was carried out by methods of scanning electron microscopy, granulometric, and X-ray phase analysis. The powders were consolidated by hot pressing. The structural-phase composition and mechanical properties of bulk composites have been studied. The positive effect of the ex-situ TiC layer on the CNT surface on the mechanical properties of composites based on the AlMg6 aluminum alloy is shown.
Model of the thermal processes during controlled deposition of island nanofilms
Authors: Bukharov D.N. , Scryabin I.O. , Abramov A.S. , Arakelian S.M.
Published: February 2021

A model of the influence of thermal factors in the Rayleigh-Benard convection approximation is proposed. The system of equations of the model was solved using the Chorin projection scheme taking into account the correction based on Ri – Chou interpolation.
Methods for the solid-state lasers generation modes control for the material laser processing efficiency improving
Authors: Shepelev A.E. , Antipov A.A. , Putilov A.G. , Osipov A.V. , Arakelian S.M.
Published: February 2021

The areas of modern solid-state lasers application for solving technological problems of materials laser processing are described. The mod composition of laser radiation, which is used in various technological processes of materials laser processing, such as perforation, cutting and welding of materials, and others, are analyzed. The necessity of solid-state lasers functional improvement in terms of increasing the efficiency of their practical use is substantiated. A method for the prospective application of lasers for technological purposes is presented, based on the functional separation of the acting laser pulses of millisecond duration. The results of experimental testing of this method on the basis of a solid-state technological YAG: Nd3 + laser are presented. The results of studies of the efficiency of processing materials with different thermophysical properties by laser pulses with a complex temporal shape are presented. The experiments results are analyzed. Potential areas of promising use of this method are noted.
Ethnopharmacological Research of Plant Resources of Central and Eastern Yakutia
Authors: Chirikova N K , Nokhsorov V V , Nikolaev V M
Published: February 2021

In this study, the authors analyzed the ethnopharmacological use of 55 medicinal plant species (herbalists, healers, and shamans) by the population of Central and Eastern Yakutia. The results indicate that the most commonly used plants belong to the Asteraceae, Rosaceae, and Lamiaceae families. In Eastern Yakutia, the population most widely uses Dryopteris fragrans, Pinus pumila, Dracocephalum palmatum, and Juniperus sibirica. The population of Central Yakutia uses the species of Artemisia and Thymus genera, as well as Veronica incana and Phlojodicarpus sibiricus species. The most commonly used medicine forms are decoctions, infusions, and tinctures (60%). They are generally made from grass or leaves. The survey indicates that 34.5% of the plants are used as anti-inflammatory or invigorating means. The qualitative analysis shows that 48% of the plants accumulate phenolic compounds.
The Cultivation of Early Potatoes in the Conditions of Climate Change
Authors: Gasparyan I N , Levshin A G
Published: February 2021

Climate change is becoming increasingly dangerous for agricultural regions. Nevertheless, it gives some advantages for cultivating early potatoes. Potato is a ductile crop ubiquitously grown in Russia. In the Moscow region, it is possible to obtain two early potato crops due to various technological methods, e.g., light germination and large fractions of tubers for the first sowing. The first planting was carried out by the germination of tubers Red Scarlet, Meteor, and Lady Claire. The second planting was carried out with the middle fraction of the same array. The obtained crops of early potatoes show the possibility to get two crops in the Moscow region. It is better to carry out the first planting with a large fraction, which is physiologically older since it is more resistant to various growing conditions and has more nutrients in early planting. Thus, the tubers germinate faster, and the development phases pass faster, which allows one to get the crop by July 15. Such products are sold at higher prices and are economically feasible for any farm. The second landing was carried out on July 15. The received products are in demand among the population and restaurateurs in the fall, indicating the appropriateness of this cultivation technology. Therefore, climate change allows obtaining two early potato crops in the conditions of the Moscow Region.
Spawning Migrations of the Baikal Omul
Authors: Voronov M G , Bolshunova E A , Luzbaev K V
Published: February 2021

This paper presents a complete list of spawning rivers of the Baikal omul. We specified the length of rivers, the location, and length of spawning grounds and plotted them on the topographic map. The study examines the ecological and biological significance of the spawning migrations of the Baikal omul. It reveals the features of spawning migration to latitudinal rivers. We show that the space and time structure of omul spawning is genetically determined. Baikal omul developed a peculiar mechanism of using even the most remote spawning grounds. This mechanism implies considering migration opportunities before entering the river and taking into account the river regime. Migration opportunities depend on the reproductive maturity of individual fish at the beginning of spawning migration. The research finds that the remoteness of the spawning grounds used by omul in the Selenga River correlates with the maturity of the female gonads at the moment of entering the river in a particular year. The water level influences the flow dynamics and changes the distribution of roe in the spawning grounds. The dynamics of entry into the Selenga River is also preserved when the spawning stock moves to the spawning grounds. Mass spawning of omul in entering the Selenga and Upper Angara Rivers allowed us to establish a pattern of spawning distribution between the spawning grounds, depending on the entry time.
Psychological, Morphological, and Dietary Aspects of Eating Disorders in Youth
Authors: Filatova O V , Kutseva E V
Published: February 2021

The authors studied the psychological features, body composition, and nutritional parameters in girls with eating disorders. The authors conducted a cross-sectional study of 65 female individuals living in the city of Barnaul. The average age of participants was 18.6 ± 1.04 years. The Dutch questionnaire on food behavior was used to study eating behavior. To estimate the severity of the characteristics inherent in eating disorders, we used the “Eating behavior rating scale.” The mental state was studied using a clinical and psychological test – a questionnaire for the severity of psychopathological symptoms (SCL-90-R). Essential nutrition was estimated relying on the frequency analysis using the computer program “Analysis of human nutritional status.” Body composition was evaluated by using the apparatus for bioimpedanceometry ABC-01 “Medass.” As a result of the study, in all groups of girls with eating disorders, we indicated higher values on the scales reflecting the pursuit of thinness, bulimia, interoceptive incompetence, somatization, depression, anxiety, and psychoticism. As eating disorders worsened, and the total fat, mono- and disaccharides, and added saccharide increased. A change in psychological features accompanies eating disorders in girls. Eating disorders were expressed by the increasing average daily energy consumption, total fat, mono- and disaccharides, and added saccharide. The imbalance in the consumption of fats and simple carbohydrates did not affect the body fat mass in any way, either in absolute or in relative units.
Aggressive Groundwater Distribution in the City of Barnaul
Authors: Slazhneva S S , Ovchinnikova E M , Sotnikov P V
Published: February 2021

The paper focuses on the influence of aggressive groundwaters on concrete and reinforced concrete structures in Barnaul (Russia), affecting their durability. The exposure to aggressive waters can significantly reduce the reliability and safety of the operated buildings. The paper analyzes the chemical composition of groundwaters obtained from engineering and geological surveys in Barnaul. The processing of the products determined the type and intensity of the aggressiveness. The presence of aggressive groundwater was considered for each dedicated aquifer involved in the interaction between the geological environment and construction. The research resulted in the compilation of a map of aggressive groundwater distribution in Barnaul. The authors note that this problem is insufficiently studied, especially considering the technogenic load on the geological and hydrogeological environment and the accumulated experience. It is necessary to continue studies to determine the exact boundaries of the aggressive groundwaters in urban areas. Particular attention should be paid to geological processes of “flooding,” because they affect groundwater aggressiveness.