bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ROMANIA'S ROLE IN EU ENLARGEMENT: CHALLENGES, OPPORTUNITIES, AND STRATEGIC PREFERENCES FOR THE REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA'S ACCESSION
Authors: TODERAȘ Nicolae
Published: December 2024

The article analyses how Romania promotes its national preferences in the EU enlargement process, with a particular focus on supporting the Republic of Moldova in becoming an EU member. The characteristics and dynamics of the current wave of EU enlargement are examined and several challenges that may delay the accession of some of the candidate countries are discussed. Additionally, the opportunities and challenges related to Romania's contribution in helping the Republic of Moldova prepare for the pre-accession stage and subsequently for EU membership are explored.
THE ROLE OF NAGORNO KARABAKH IN THE NARRATIVE OF THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE NATIONAL IDENTITY OF AZERBAIJAN AND A NEW POST-CONFLICT IDENTITY
Authors: XUCLÀ Jordi
Published: December 2024

The conflict between Armenia and Azerbaijan over control of the territory of Nagorno Karabakh has impregnated the construction of post-Soviet national identity in both Caucasian republics for three decades. In 2020 Azerbaijan regained control of the territories and restored its territorial integrity in accordance with international law and UN resolutions.
This research analyses the construction of the Azerbaijani national identity marked by the events of January 20, 1990, a policy of promoting major events and an initial stage based on oil production and export. In December 2023 the country was chosen to host the COP29 meeting and thus joins other fossil energy producing countries promoting the renewable energy industry. In this frame, the Azerbaijani authorities promoted the construction of a narrative about Nagorno Karabakh based on renewable energies, an ecological approach in the creation of a new local economy and the promotion of smart villages to welcome the return of internally displaced people.
Eksplorasi dan Karakterisasi Morfologi Tanaman Jengkol (Pithecellobium Jiringa) di Kabupaten Agam Sumatera Barat
Authors: Nissa Ayu Khairun , Yusniwati Yusniwati , Zainal Aprizal
Published: December 2024

Shallot (Allium ascolanicum L.) is one of the horticultural crops that is widely consumed by humans. This study aims to obtain interaction the type of mulch and doses of chicken manure on the growth and yield of shallots. This Research was conducted at Panai Pasir Talang , Muara Labuh, South Solok Regency with a height of ± 430 meters above sea level, in December 2018 to February 2019. The research method is an experiments used factorial complete randomized design with two factors. Factors I is the type of mulch (black plastic mulch, silver plastic mulch, rice straw mulch) and factors II is chicken manure (10 tons / ha, 20 tons / ha and 30 tons / ha).. The results showed that there was no interaction between the use of several types of mulch with chicken manure doses on the growth and yield of shallots. The use of black plastic mulch yielded the best results on fresh tuber weight per plot and per hectare of onion namely 1,643 kg / plot and 11.74 tons / ha. The dose of chicken manure of 20 tons / ha gave the best influence on plant height, number of leaves, fresh tuber weight per clump, per plot and per hectare as well as wind dry weight per clump, per plot and per hectare of onion.
Effects of improving metacognitive awareness on emotional regulation and concentration in high school students
Authors: Lee Jeong-Hwa
Published: December 2024

This study aimed to develop a program to improve metacognitive awareness using acceptance and cognitive defusion training to examine its effects on emotional regulation and concentration in high school students. A total of 409 students participated in a concentration test; 45 students who received scores in the bottom 20% were divided into three groups of 15 students each: metacognitive awareness improvement, motivation reinforcement, and control. The metacognitive awareness improvement and motivation reinforcement program consisted of eight sessions each while the control group received zero intervention. Participants’ negative emotionality, emotional regulation, concentration, metacognitive awareness, and learning motivation were examined thrice: pre-intervention, post-intervention, and after nine weeks of follow-up. Compared to the control group, the metacognitive awareness improvement group showed considerably higher scores post-intervention and at follow-up. Conversely, the motivation reinforcement group showed higher scores and learning motivation scores only in the post-intervention stage and only showed significantly higher concentrations at follow-up.
EL ENFOQUE POR TAREAS. NUEVAS PROPUESTAS METODOLÓGICAS
Authors: García Marcos Francisco J , Expósito Otero José María , Ferreira Martínez Leticia , Martín Flores María , Guerrero Barrionuevo Lucía
Published: December 2024

El presente monográfico recoge los resultados de un experimento metodológico desarrollado en la Universidad de Almería entre abril y mayo de 2024. En él se pretendía calibrar la posibilidad de extender la metodología procedente del enfoque por tareas a otras áreas de la lingüística aplicada mas allá de la enseñanza de lenguas extranjeras. Se presentan cuatro experiencias que, pese a las dificultades del experimento, confirman la hipótesis de este.
IMPLEMENTACIÓN DE HABILIDADES PSICOMOTORAS DE PREESCRITURA
Authors: García Tárraga Josefa , Gutiérrez Fresneda Raúl
Published: December 2024

Writing is a basic skill in school. Its preparation encompasses multiple factors. Thanks to neurodevelopmental research, progress has been made in the study of psychomotor skills as the main components for the development of writing. However, in this area there are still few studies on preschool preparation. Therefore, more studies of educational practice are required for the early identification of possible problems in the kinetic aspects of writing. In this context, our objective was to know the degree of effectiveness of an educational program based on the skills of certain components of motor coordination, pre-writing variables and body schema, after its application. For its study, three tests were applied: the PROESCRI test (motor processes), Fine Psychomotor Observation Record and the Goodenough and Harris Test of the drawing of the human figure.  The participation was 171 preschoolers, between 4-5 to 6 years old. The quasi-experimental, longitudinal design. The results indicate that the intervention was significant with less impact than expected. This work supports the improvement of psychomotor methodological strategies in educational programs for the development of these kinetic skills preparatory to the teaching of graph reproduction.
HUMANIZAR LA EDUCACIÓN PARA HUMANIZAR A LA PERSONA
Authors: NAVARRO MAZÓN MARÍA ÁNGELES , LUCAS IMBERNÓN MARÍA AUXILIADORA , GONZÁLEZ ALONSO FERNANDO
Published: December 2024

This paper is framed within the thematic line of Education at the IV Ibero American Congress on Research in Society, Education, and Psychology, specifically  within the line of work on Teaching Innovation. The starting point lies in the social  and educational problems and challenges described in reports from leading  international educational institutions. UNESCO (2015; 2017; 2022), the OECD  (2023b), the European Union (Council of Europe, 2021), and the Holy See (Dicastery  for Culture and Education, 2013; 2014; 2017; 2022; Pope Francis, 2019; 2020b)  emphasize the seriousness of the dehumanization of society and the individual, as  well as the problems arising from multicultural coexistence. The social issue, turned  into an anthropological issue, urgently requires education (Benedict XVI, 2009, n.  75; UNESCO, 2015; Marope, 2017) from a strategic approach (Council of Europe,  2021; OECD, 2020). It is considered that the shift in the educational paradigm  requires educating young generations in the Competence in Integral and Solidary  Humanism. Through this competence, it is possible to enhance the student profiles  proposed by the LOMLOE, advance towards achieving SDG 4 Quality Education, and  promote the construction of students' social personality and their understanding of life, the world, and people. The study aims to contextualize, translate, and synthesize  all this educational thought. To achieve this, firstly, the current social and  educational scenarios are presented; secondly, the foundations of the new  anthropology described in the Global Compact on Education are presented as a  proposal to initiate the shift in the educational paradigm; thirdly, the design of the  Key Competence in Integral and Solidary Humanism is offered as a didactic  innovation. Finally, it justifies how educating in the classroom in the culture of  dialogue, encounter, and care from an early age becomes an indispensable element in  the service of the new humanism, building the social dimension of the new  generations and providing an alternative model of coexistence to the current culture  of waste and individualism.
Worldview models of modern Russians (based on the results of a questionnaire survey in 2023)
Authors: Konstantinov Mikhail Sergeevich
Published: December 2024

The article presents some results of a questionnaire survey conducted by the staff of the Southern Federal University with the participation of colleagues from other educational and scientific centers in November-December 2023 on an all-Russian representative sample (N=1600). The aim of the study was to clarify, refine and test the author's methodology for analyzing the ideological models of public consciousness of modern Russians in the generational and regional dimensions. The object of the study was the processes of formation of worldviews in the consciousness of generations of modern Russia, the subject - the ideological models of Russians in the generational and regional dimensions. The theoretical basis was J. Turner's concept of self-categorization, as well as the principle of "meta-contrast". The basic method for collecting empirical data was a questionnaire survey in eight regions of Russia. Four main age cohorts were identified for the study: 18-24, 25-39, 40-59 and 60+ years. The questionnaire survey was preceded by a series of focus groups in order to identify key characteristics of generational self-categorization. As was established during the study, certain worldview constants are found in the consciousness of Russians that unite all generations both in their self-categorization and in their opposition to other generations, as well as in their cognitive-value preferences. These same constants are also manifested in the opposition of one’s own generation to other – younger and older – generations. At the same time, older generations clearly act as a projection of their own ideas about what is proper: all age cohorts attribute superior qualities to older generations. Such uniformity in the description of older generations also allows us to speak more about cultural constants of worldview models projected onto the image of the older generation than about real generational differences.
Normal human left ventricular mass, volume, and gender relationship by coronary computerized tomography angiography
Authors: Celenk Vefa , Celenk Cetin , Ozates Mustafa
Published: December 2024

Objectives:

There is a need to know the indexed heart values of people in each geographic region. The objective of this study is to establish normal reference values for the left ventricle.

Material and Methods:

Of the 450 caucasian adult patients who underwent coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) from June 2021 to March 2023, 310 meeting the appropriate criteria were selected for our retrospective study. The indication for CCTA triggered by a 384-detector retrospective electrocardiogram was screening for coronary artery disease (CAD) in people over 40 years of age. Patients with known CAD, heart failure, congenital heart disease, heart transplant, known allergies to X-ray contrast, or prior cardiac surgery were excluded from the study. We determined normal reference ranges for end-diastolic myocardial mass (EDMM), end-diastolic volume (EDV), and cursor volume (CV) using indexed body surface area (BSA).

Results:

BSA indexed values are EDMM = 76 and 60g/m2, EDV = 65 and 61 mL/m2, CV = 46 and 42 mL/m2, heat index = 178 and 160 cm, weight = 89 and 81 kg, age = 55 and 57 years, and heart rate = 60 and 63 for men and women, respectively; 95% confidence interval.

Conclusion:

All parameters were different between males and females. In this cross-sectional general population study, men had significantly more indexed left ventricular mass than women (P < 0.01), with no significant differences between men and women in all other parameters (P > 0.05). These values indicate ethnic diversity.
Влияние сверхнизкого содержания графена в композитах на основе сверхвысокомолекулярного полиэтилена на их термоокислительные и трибоокислительные свойства
Authors: Плетнева И.В. , Заболотнов А.С. , Гостев С.С. , Крашенинников В.Г.
Published: December 2024

Исследованы термоокислительные и трибоокислительные свойства композитов СВМПЭ/графен со сверхнизким содержанием графена. Композиты получали методом полимеризации in situ с содержанием наполнителя от 0,014 до 0,05% масс. Введение графена в СВМПЭ приводит к существенному улучшению трибоокислительных свойств, но практически не влияет на термоокисление. Это объясняется различными механизмами процессов термоокисления и трибоокисления в композите.

The thermooxidative and tribooxidative properties of UHMWPE/graphene composites with an ultra-low graphene content are studied. Composites were prepared by in situ polymerization with a filler content of 0.014 to 0.05% by weight. The introduction of graphene into UHMWPE leads to a significant improvement in tribo-oxidative properties, but it practically does not affect on thermal oxidation. This is explained by various oxidation mechanisms that are implemented in the process of thermal oxidation and tribooxidation in the composite.
Решение экологических проблем накопления твердых бытовых отходов переработкой золы, образующейся при их сжигании. Обзор
Authors: Исмайлова Р.А. , Алиев Э.Н. , Герайбейли С.А.
Published: December 2024

В условиях стремительного роста объемов твердых бытовых отходов (ТБО) и связанных с этим серьезных экологических проблем, становится очевидной необходимость совершенствования системы управления отходами, которая является одной из наиболее значимых проблем, стоящих перед человечеством в настоящее время. Предложенная статья представляет собой аналитический обзор, посвященный снижению негативного воздействия на окружающую среду от накопления ТБО посредством вовлечения золы сжигания ТБО в производство строительных материалов. С точки зрения экологической оценки качества получаемого продукта, уделено особое внимание вопросу подготовки летучей золы (золы-уноса) предварительной очисткой от присутствующих в ней хлоридов, диоксинов, тяжелых металлов. Показано влияние параметров процесса на эффективность детоксикации золы. Помимо способов раздельного извлечения перечисленных вредных компонентов представлен комбинированный способ восстановления растворимых солей летучей золы, удаления тяжелых металлов и снижения диффузии диоксинов. Представлены технологии, иллюстрирующие возможность использования подготовленной золы-уноса и кубовой золы сжигания ТБО для использования ее в строительных материалах.

The rapidly growing amount of solid waste and the accompanying serious environmental problems require improvement of the waste management system, which is one of the main problems that humanity currently faces. The proposed article is an analytical review devoted to reducing the negative impact on the environment during solid waste disposal by involving solid waste incineration ash in the production of building materials. From the standpoint of environmental assessment of the quality of the resulting product, attention is paid to the issue of preparing fly ash by preliminary cleaning it from chlorides, dioxins, and heavy metals. The correlation of process parameters affecting the efficiency of ash detoxification is shown. In addition to the methods of separate extraction of the listed harmful components, a combined method for restoring soluble salts of fly ash, removing heavy metals and reducing dioxin diffusion is presented. Technologies are presented that illustrate the interest in using prepared fly ash and vat ash from solid waste incineration for recycling into building materials.
ГЕОГРАФИЧЕСКИЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ СЕВЕРНОГО КАВКАЗА: СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ НАУЧНЫЕ ЭКСПЕДИЦИ
Authors: Гагаева З.Ш. , Гайрабеков У.Т.
Published: December 2024

Актуальность работы заключается в необходимости научного обобщения результатов географических исследований Северного Кавказа. Одной из важнейших составляющих таких исследований являются научные экспедиции. В статье представлен обзор современных экспедиций, проводимых на Северном Кавказе в настоящее время. Цель работы - аналитический обзор современных результатов географических исследований на основе проводимых экспедиций. В работе применяются методы комплексного научного анализа. Результатами работы являются обобщающие выводы по необходимости расширения экспедиционной деятельности для получения содержательных комплексных сведений об исследуемых территориях.

The relevance of this work lies in the necessity of scientific generalisation of the results of geographical research in the North Caucasus. Scientific expeditions are one of the most important components of such research. The article presents a review of modern expeditions conducted in the North Caucasus at present. The aim of the paper is to provide an analytical review of modern geographical research results based on the expeditions conducted. The paper applies the methods of complex scientific analysis. The results of the work are generalising conclusions on the need to expand expedition activities to obtain meaningful comprehensive information about the studied territories.
ИЗУЧЕНИЕ ОПОЛЗНЕВЫХ ПРОЦЕССОВ ГОРНЫХ ТЕРРИТОРИЙ ЧЕЧЕНСКОЙ РЕСПУБЛИКИ: СИСТЕМНО-МЕТОДОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ОСНОВЫ
Authors: Керимов И.А. , Гакаев Р.А. , Батукаев А.А.
Published: December 2024

В статье рассмотрены системно-методологические основы изучения оползневых процессов в горных районах Чеченской Республики. Приведены наиболее распространенные определения терминов «оползень» и «оползневой процесс», приведенных в отечественных и зарубежных литературных источниках, выполнен их анализ. В результате исследования дано авторское определение терминов «оползень» и «оползневой процесс», основанное на системном подходе. Рассмотрены методы классификации оползней, предложена генетическая классификация склонов Чеченской Республики.

The article considers the systemic and methodological foundations of studying landslide processes in the mountainous regions of the Chechen Republic. The most common definitions of the terms “landslide” and “landslide process” given in domestic and foreign literary sources are given, their analysis is performed. As a result of the study, the author’s definition of the terms “landslide” and “landslide process” is given, based on a systems approach. The methods of landslide classification are considered, a genetic classification of slopes of the Chechen Republic is proposed.
Опыт применения сверточных нейронных сетей к обратным задачам сейсмической разведки
Authors: Голубев В.И. , Анисимов М.И.
Published: December 2024

Работа посвящена исследованию возможности применения современных сверточных нейронных сетей для решения задач восстановления положения геологических включений и оценки скалярных параметров используемых моделей по данным сейсмической разведки. Для формирования обучающих и валидационных выборок используются синтетические сейсмограммы, рассчитанные явно-неявными сеточно-характеристическими схемами. В работе рассмотрены две архитектуры сетей для задач совместного машинного обучения, проведено сравнение результатов рассчитываемых оценок с моделями одиночного прогноза. Продемонстрировано значимое повышение качества прогноза.

The paper is devoted to the study of the possibility of using modern convolutional neural networks to solve problems of reconstructing the position of geological inclusions and estimating the scalar parameters of the models used based on seismic exploration data. Synthetic seismograms calculated by explicit-implicit grid-characteristic schemes are used to form training and validation samples. The paper considers two network architectures for joint machine learning problems and compares the results of the calculated estimates with single forecast models. A significant increase in forecast quality is demonstrated.
ЭКОЛОГИЯЛЫК МАДАНИЯТ ӨЛКӨНҮН ТУРУКТУУ ӨНҮГҮҮСҮНҮН ФАКТОРУ КАТАРЫ
Authors: Карабукаев К.Ш.
Published: December 2024

Макалада экологиялык маданият туруктуу өнүгүүнүн фактору катары каралат. Туруктуу өнүгүүгө өтүүнүн негизги шарттарынын бири экономикалык, саясий, социалдык маселелер менен катар маданий, руханий жана экологиялык маселелерди чечүү болуп саналат. Бул өңүттөн караганда руханий-нравалык потенциалын жогорулатуу менен коомдун экологиялык маданияттын өнүктүрүү жана калыптандыруу зор мааниге ээ. Себеби анын таасири тең салмактуу социотабияттык, маданий, экономикалык өнүгүүлөр жолуна өтүүдө адамдардын экологиялык ишмердүүлүгүнүн активдүүлүгүн жогорулатат. Ошондой эле экологиялык маданият адам жашоосунун материалдык-руханий, теориялык-практикалык аспектилери менен тыгыз байланышкандыктан, социалдык-маданий, цивилизациялык өнүгүүсүнүн жаңы деңгээлине өтүүсүнүн маданий-руханий механизми боло алышы мүмкүн. Ошондуктан туруктуу өнүгүүнү камсыз кылуу үчүн экологиялык маданиятты калыптандыруу жана аны терең өздөштүрүү талашсыз актуалдуу маселелерден болуп эсептелинет.

В статье рассматривается экологическая культура как фактор устойчивого развития. Одним из главных условий перехода к устойчивому развитию, наряду с экономическими, политическими, социальными вопросами является решение культурно-духовных и экологических проблем. В этом аспекте в стратегии устойчивого развития важное значение имеет развитие и формирование экологической культуры общества. Активизируя экологической деятельности людей, она способствует переходу к сбалансированному социоприродному, культурному и экономическому развитию. Поскольку экологическая культура тесно связана с материально-духовными, теоретико-практическими аспектами жизни человека, она может выступать культурно-духовным механизмом перехода на новый уровень социокультурного, цивилизационного развития. Поэтому в целях обеспечения устойчивого развития формирование экологической культуры и ее глубокое осмысление несомненно, являются актуальными вопросами.

The article examines environmental culture as a factor in sustainable development. One of the main conditions for the transition to sustainable development, along with economic, political, social issues, is the solution of cultural, spiritual and environmental problems. In this aspect, the development and formation of an ecological culture of society is important in the sustainable development strategy. The way it intensifies people’s environmental activities contributes to the transition to balanced socio-natural, cultural and economic development. Since ecological culture is closely connected with the material, spiritual, theoretical and practical aspects of human life, it can act as a cultural and spiritual mechanism for the transition to a new level of sociocultural and civilizational development. Therefore, in order to ensure sustainable development, the formation of an environmental culture and its deep understanding are undoubtedly pressing issues.
Heart failure in paediatric Crohn’s disease patient – extraintestinal manifestation, concomitant disease or iatrogenic effect?
Authors: Swaraj Snehil , Szakos Erzsébet , Ablonczy László , Vilmányi Csaba , Goschler Ádám , Cseh Áron
Published: December 2024

Inflammatory bowel disease encompasses Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, gastrointestinal conditions associated with increased risk of cardiovascular issues compared to those without that. These cardiovascular problems may include pericarditis, myocarditis, thromboembolism, arrhythmias, endocarditis, heart failure, Takayasu arteritis, valvulopathies, and atrioventricular block. However, limited literature exists on this topic in paediatric patients. The primary treatment for Crohn’s disease, the anti-tumor necrosis factor agent infliximab, has been linked to rare but serious cardiovascular complications. Here, we present a case study of a 7-year-old boy with Crohn’s disease whose cardiopulmonary function deteriorated after receiving infliximab therapy.
Simulation for a Hypothetical Host : Guest = 1 : 2 Complex with the Newton-Raphson Method
Authors: Sohn Dae-Hyup
Published: December 2024

We formulate a derivation of host : guest = 1 : N equilibrium model for the purpose of giving an alternative approach to deal with cooperative problems and carefully look at three cases of cooperativity factors given three different concentrations. This would take a minor assumption given a hypothetical host-guest complex. These works would help give an intuition for the researchers who evaluate binding constant and stoichiometry. We also considered Job plots often used in supramolecular host-guest chemistry.
Atlas of Metabolite SERS Fingerprints obtained by means of q-Gaussian deconvolutions and Fityk Software
Authors: Sparavigna Amelia Carolina
Published: December 2024

This atlas is proposing the fingerprints of the SERS (Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy) spectra of metabolites, published by Sherman et al. in Talanta, 2020, in an article entitled “A surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy database of 63 metabolites”. The atlas of fingerprints is based on q-Gaussian deconvolutions and Fityk software.
Modeling swelling of pH-responsive microgels: Theory and simulations
Authors: Brito Mariano E. , Höpner Ellen , Beyer David , Holm Christian
Published: December 2024

Combining a mean-field swelling model—which incorporates the Poisson-Boltzmann cell model for describing the electrostatics of microgels and a Flory-Rehner-based model for describing the polymer network—with the law of mass action to account for chemical reactions, we present a comprehensive swelling model for weakly charged microgels. This model provides an expression for the microgel osmotic pressure, used to determine the equilibrium swelling and, consequently, the net charge of the microgel as a function of reservoir pH, salt concentration, degree of polymerization, and other suspension and microscopic network properties. The model allows us to relate microscopic microgel features with the equilibrium swelling properties. The weak-field limiting case of the Poisson-Boltzmann theory is analyzed, yielding closed formulas. We validate the model against state-of-the-art coarse-grained simulations of a microgel, utilizing molecular dynamics to explore configurational degrees of freedom and the Monte Carlo grand-reaction method to simulate chemical reactions in equilibrium with a pH and salt reservoir. We test the model predictions for equilibrium ionization, size, and net charge against particle-based simulations and experiment. Our findings show that the model accurately describes microgel swelling and net charge over a wide range of pH levels. Although the accuracy decreases for larger salt concentrations, its overall qualitative accuracy makes it a reliable tool for parameter exploration and data interpretation, aiding in the rational design of microgel suspensions.
Archerfish: A Retrofitted 3D Printer for High-throughput Combinatorial Experimentation via Continuous Printing
Authors: Siemenn Alexander E. , Das Basita , Aissi Eunice , Sheng Fang , Elliott Lleyton , Hudspeth Blake , Meyers Marilyn , Serdy James , Buonassisi Tonio
Published: December 2024

The maturation of 3D printing technology has enabled low-cost, rapid prototyping capabilities for mainstreaming accelerated product design. The materials research community has recognized this need, but no universally accepted rapid prototyping technique currently exists for material design. Toward this end, we develop Archerfish, a 3D printer retrofitted to dispense liquid with in-situ mixing capabilities for performing high-throughput combinatorial printing (HTCP) of material compositions. Using this HTCP design, we demonstrate continuous printing throughputs of up to 250 unique compositions per minute, 100x faster than similar tools such as OpenTrons that utilize stepwise printing with ex-situ mixing. We validate the formation of these combinatorial "prototype" material gradients using hyperspectral image analysis and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Furthermore, we describe hardware challenges to realizing reproducible, accurate, and precise composition gradients with continuous printing, including those related to precursor dispensing, mixing, and deposition. Despite these limitations, the continuous printing and low-cost design of Archerfish demonstrate promising accelerated materials screening results across a range of materials systems from nanoparticles to perovskites.
Inconsistency of LLMs in Molecular Representations
Authors: Yan Bing , Chen Angelica , Cho Kyunghyun
Published: December 2024

Large language models (LLMs) have shown promising potential across diverse chemistry tasks, including forward reaction prediction, retrosynthesis, and property prediction. However, their ability to capture the intrinsic chemistry of molecules remains unclear. To study this, we evaluate the consistency of state-of-the-art LLMs when using different molecular representations, such as SMILES strings and IUPAC names. Our results reveal strikingly low consistency rates of below 1% for commercial state-of-the-art LLMs. To cope with the imbalance in molecular representation in the training data, we finetune the models using data represented in both SMILES and IUPAC, but the models still produce inconsistent predictions. To address this, we regularize training by a sequence-level, symmetric Kullback-Leibler (KL) divergence loss. Although the proposed KL divergence loss improves surface-level consistency, it does not lead to better accuracy, due to the apparent orthogonality between consistency and accuracy, suggesting that these models do not understand chemistry, as we expect them to. These findings point to the inherent limitations of recent LLMs and the need for more advanced approaches that encourage these LLMs to capture intrinsic chemistry, resulting in both accurate and consistent predictions.
Problems of poliomyelitis eradication
Authors: Ivanova Olga E. , Mikhailova Yulia M. , Kozlovskaya Liubov I. , Maleev Viktor V.
Published: December 2024

The article is devoted to the problems of implementation of the WHO Global Polio Eradication Initiative. The influence of the features of poliovirus infection and poliovirus vaccines on the course of the program, its successes and difficulties is considered, the issue of possibility of eradication this infection is discussed.
Infant botulism: an underestimated problem. A review
Authors: Malov Valeri A. , Maleev Viktor V. , Chulanov Vladimir P. , Sarksyan Denis S.
Published: December 2024

The article is devoted to a form of botulism that has been little studied in our country and is registered exclusively in infants. The fundamental difference between this form and the most common foodborne botulism is that infants become infected by ingestion of spores, followed by their germination, colonization of the intestines and production of botulinum toxin in situ, which leads to the development of life-threatening flaccid paralysis. Taking into account the peculiarities of pathogenesis, the clinical manifestations of infant botulism have some features, which are discussed by the authors. Particular attention is paid to the epidemiology and risk factors for the development of the disease. The article discusses in detail the issues of diagnosis and laboratory verification of the etiology of the disease. Current data on the treatment of infant botulism are presented.
Anticoagulant therapy for chronic heart disease atrial failure and fibrillation: a review
Authors: Serova Maria V. , Sazonova Yulia S. , Derevinskaiia Anastasiia S. , Steklov Alexander S. , Andreev Denis A.
Published: December 2024

Atrial fibrillation (AF) and heart failure (HF) often accompany each other, as they share similar risk factors and pathophysiological mechanisms. AF in patients with HF is known to increase hospitalizations and worsen prognosis. A combination of AF and HF translates into high risks of thromboembolic complications, which renders anticoagulants an important aspect of therapy for these patients. Vitamin K antagonists make achieving the target level of anticoagulation challenging due to drug interactions and comorbidities. Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are preferred medications owing to a more favorable risk-benefit ratio in this group of patients. At the same time, patients with HF often require a personalized approach when choosing an anticoagulant due to increased risks of thromboembolic complications and bleeding, as well as multiple comorbidities. The article presents the results of sub-analyses of key studies on the efficacy and safety of DOACs vs vitamin K antagonists in patients with HF and AF. It also explores DOACs use in patients with chronic kidney disease.
Agenesis of the corpus callosum combined with cerebral abnormalities: Clinical and diagnostic features
Authors: Ognerubov Nikolai A. , Antipova Tatiana S. , Mirsalimova Olga O. , Zemur Mikhail A.
Published: December 2024

Background. Agenesis of the corpus callosum (ACC) is the total or partial absence of CC, one of the most common congenital brain malformations, with an incidence rate of 1.4 cases per 10,000 live births.
Aim. To describe the clinical and diagnostic features of 4 patients with ACC.
Materials and methods. Four patients with ACC aged 11, 12, 13, and 50 years were managed, of whom 3 were males, and 1 was a 13-year-old girl. All patients underwent a neurological examination, which assessed cognitive and mental disorders and electroencephalography. Patients underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in standard modes using a magnetic resonance imaging scanner with a magnetic field intensity of 1.5 T to detect damage to the brain's anatomical structure.
Results. The disease was asymptomatic in 2 patients (a 50-year-old man and a 12-year-old boy). In the other 2 cases, there was an apparent neurological and cognitive deficit. The boy's parents and grandparents died of chronic alcoholism at the age of 11. During a neurological examination, he showed signs of damage to the pyramidal tract, as well as pronounced cognitive impairment with profound mental retardation, including delayed psycho-speech development. The 13-year-old girl suffers from severe mental retardation with speech impairment. In both cases, ACC was associated with epilepsy with a seizure frequency ranging from 6 times a year in the girl and up to 15 times a month in the boy. The gross neurological and cognitive deficits cause social difficulties since such patients need rehabilitation and ongoing care. In all cases, the diagnosis of ACC is based on the results of brain MRI, which is the method of choice. MRI enables assessment of the CC anatomical structure and the presence of other brain abnormalities. Complete agenesis was established in 3 cases, including a girl, and in one patient – a 12-year-old boy – partial agenesis with intact splenium was detected. In all patients, agenesis was combined with brain congenital malformations, namely with the absence of the septum pellucidum, interhemispheric and porencephalic cyst, basilar invagination, and venous malformation of the frontal lobe.
Conclusion. ACC is a rare congenital brain malformation. According to the data, agenesis is more common in males. Complete ACC was diagnosed in 3 patients and partial ACC in 1. Risk factors include maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy. The clinical presentation is diverse: from an asymptomatic course to severe cognitive impairment with severe and profound mental retardation, epilepsy, and autistic disorders with neurological deficits, including damage to the pyramidal tract. The primary diagnostic method is MRI, which detects anatomical changes in CC and other brain structures.
Comments Delivered to the UN Special Rapporteur on Freedom of Religion or Belief
Authors: McNally Michael
Published: December 2024

Comments delivered as part of the “Virtual Consultation on Legal Framework: Indigenous Peoples and the Right to Freedom of Religion or Belief,” held June 22, 2022. For details on the Special Rapporteur’s report, see Ahmed Shaheed, “Interim Report of the Special Rapporteur on Freedom of Religion or Belief. Indigenous Peoples and the Right to Freedom of Religion or Belief” (New York: United Nations, October 10, 2022), https://www.ohchr.org/en/ documents/thematic-reports/a77514-interim-report-special-rapporteur-freedom-religion-or-belief.
Chapter 5. EU online consumer protection
Authors:   Maastricht University, Roșca Constanța ,   Leiden University
Published: December 2024

The chapter discusses EU consumer protection policies that safeguard online consumers, focusing on the Unfair Commercial Practices Directive (UCPD) and the Consumer Rights Directive (CRD). The UCPD aims to prevent unfair practices and ensure that consumers receive transparent information, while the CRD adds specific protections for online transactions, such as a 14-day right of withdrawal. Recent updates, including the Omnibus Directive, enhance these protections and address challenges like misleading online reviews and dark patterns in e-commerce.
Analysis of Computer Aided Interaction Design Based on Virtual Reality Technology
Authors:   Department of Design, Data Science & Cyber Security Greater Noida Institute of Technology (Engg.Institute), Greater Noida, India, Pal Anurag , . Anish ,   Department of Design, Data Science & Cyber Security Greater Noida Institute of Technology (Engg.Institute), Greater Noida, India, Pandey Ashish ,   Department of Design, Data Science & Cyber Security Greater Noida Institute of Technology (Engg.Institute), Greater Noida, India, Riya Tejendra ,   Department of Design, Data Science & Cyber Security Greater Noida Institute of Technology (Engg.Institute), Greater Noida, India, Tiwari Suresh ,   Department of Design, Data Science & Cyber Security Greater Noida Institute of Technology (Engg.Institute), Greater Noida, India, Shanker Uma ,   Department of Design, Data Science & Cyber Security Greater Noida Institute of Technology (Engg.Institute), Greater Noida, India
Published: December 2024

The conventional method of computer-aided interaction design faces challenges due to ambiguous user experience characteristics, resulting in a reduced number of identifiable frames. To address this issue, a novel computer-aided interaction design approach utilizing virtual reality technology has been developed. This method facilitates communication through visual computing, enabling the acquisition of feedback structures from computer vision. It allows for the mapping of human body contours and the extraction of user experience characteristics via virtual reality technology. Additionally, it measures the time required for reading and generating pertinent information, thereby constructing an effective computer-aided interaction mode. Experimental findings reveal that the average frame identification rates achieved by the proposed method are approximately 81(fps), 74(fps), and 72(fps), respectively. These results, when we will compare with two other computer-aided interaction methods, demonstrate that the integration of virtual reality technology significantly enhances performance. This review revealed that the majority of studies are centered on practical case analyses within specific application scenarios, employing empirical evaluation methods to assess objective or subjective metrics. We then concentrated on elucidating the foundational principles of interface design and their evaluation methodologies, providing a reference for future research endeavors. Additionally, the limitations, challenges, and future directions in VR interaction interface design research were discussed, highlighting the need for further research in design evaluation to continuously refine the development of standards and guidelines for VR interactive interface design.
To Fake or not to Fake: An Investigation of Individual Differences, Impression Management and Interview Performance
Authors: Iqbal Tehrim , Ibn-e-Hassan  , Shahid Muhammad Sadiq
Published: December 2024

Purpose: This research investigates the dynamic nature of IM tactics in job interviews with a focus on the Pakistani culture. Though, candidates use different IM types of tactics meaningfully to create specific impressions and the individual differences and outcomes associated with these combinations. This study seeks to understand honesty-humility, extraversion self-esteem, and self-monitoring influence the use of honest and deceptive IM tactics and their subsequent impact on interview performance.
Design/Methodology/Approach: Questionnaires were given to 209 business students as part of mock interviews that involved 10 professional interviewers. The study employed self-report measures on personality traits, IM tactics, and interview performance, and data analysis was done through Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM).  
Findings: The present research offers empirical support for the hypothesis that honesty-humility, extraversion self-esteem and self-monitoring significantly predict the use and effectiveness of IM tactics in improving interview performance. Honest IM tactics, which improve perceived job and organizational fit, lead to better performance outcomes, while deceptive IM tactics do not.
Implications/Originality/Value: The findings advocate for incorporating personality assessments into the hiring process to better understand candidates' predispositions towards certain IM tactics. This helps in selecting individuals who align well with organizational values and job requirements.
„Et repercussit sibi domum ipsius violenter et potenter… et intulit ei wlnera”. Wybrane historie (o) przemocy w życiu kobiet z kręgu szlachty z ksiąg sądowych dawnych powiatów Wielkopolski drugiej połowy XV i początków XVI wieku
Authors: Brzeziński Witold
Published: December 2024

This article is devoted to the issue of violence against women and by women in the milieu of the nobility in Poland in the late medieval and early modern times. It presents descriptions of selected cases involving acts of violence they experienced from or committed against members of their close family, relatives or inlaws, or people from outside the family circle. The aim is to confirm and illustrate the occurrence of such acts of violence in the social realities of the period under study and provide examples of their particular forms. Information about the acts in question comes from entries in court records (acta terrestria, acta castrensia) from Greater Poland from the second half of the fifteenth and the early sixteenth centuries. The article also indicates directions for further research on this issue, as well as related research difficulties.
Investigating Mechanical Properties of Metakaolin-Based Geopolymer Concrete Optimized with Wastepaper Ash and Plastic Granules
Authors: Khaleel Midhin Midhin A. , Wong Leong Sing
Published: December 2024

This study develops an environmentally friendly geopolymer concrete (GPC) using wastepaper ash (WPA) and high-density polyethylene (HDPE) granules, addressing environmental challenges such as wastepaper and HDPE disposal and CO2emissions from cement production. WPA was produced by incinerating wastepaper at 550 °C for one hour and used as a partial replacement for MK in ratios of 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, and 100%, while HDPE granules replaced river sand in ratios from 1% to 5%. The results showed that the use of 30% WPA resulted in a compressive strength (CS) of 35.38 MPa, which was significantly higher than the control sample's CS of 31.62 MPa. The use of 30% WPA increased slump due to lower water demand. The combination of 3% HDPE and 30% WPA further enhanced the mechanical properties, resulting in a CS of 36.54 MPa, representing a 15.5% increase over the control. However, the addition of 3% HDPE and 30% WPA reduced the slump, attributed to the increased friction from the HDPE granules. Advanced analyses, including SEM, EDX, and XRD, confirmed a refined pore structure and increased geopolymerization in the treated GPC. It is novel to optimize WPA and HDPE as waste products in the production of MK-based GPC. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-SP2024-010-011 Full Text: PDF
Safety assessment of the substance 2,2′‐oxydiethylamine for use in plastic food contact materials
Authors:   EFSA Panel on Food Contact Materials (FCM),, Lambré Claude , Crebelli Riccardo , de Silva Maria , Grob Konrad , Lampi Evgenia , Milana Maria Rosaria , Pronk Marja , Ščetar Mario , Theodoridis Georgios , Van Hoeck Els , Waegeneers Nadia , Bolognesi Claudia , Cariou Ronan , Castle Laurence , Di Consiglio Emma , Franz Roland , Barthélémy Eric , Marano Remigio , Rivière Gilles
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The EFSA Panel on Food Contact Materials assessed the safety of 2,2′‐oxydiethylamine, which is intended to be used at up to 14% w/w as a monomer along with adipic acid and caprolactam to make polyamide thin films intended for single use, in contact with all types of food under all conditions of time and temperature. Specific migration of 2,2′‐oxydiethylamine was tested from a polyamide film in water and was below the limit of quantification (LOQ) of 0.015 mg/kg. Migration of impurities has been estimated pro‐rata. Migrating oligomers were identified and semi‐quantified in 10% ethanol, 3% acetic acid and olive oil. Considering the measured migration and the virtual presence at the LOQ of the oligomers below 1000 Da containing the substance, the estimated migration of these oligomers would be 1.042 mg/kg. Genotoxicity studies were performed on the substance and on 1‐oxa‐4,11,18‐triazacycloeicosane‐5,10,17‐trione and 1‐oxa‐4,11,18,25‐tetraazacycloheptacosane‐5,10,17,24‐tetraone. (Q)SAR analyses were provided on the oligomers of higher molecular masses. Based on these data, the Panel excluded genotoxicity concerns for the substance and its oligomers. From a 90‐day toxicity study on the 1‐oxa‐4,11,18‐triazacycloeicosane‐5,10,17‐trione, the Panel identified a NOAEL of 1040 mg/kg bw per day. Based on their physico‐chemical properties and experimental data, the Panel considered the potential for accumulation in humans of the oligomers containing the substance of no concern. The Panel concluded that the substance is not of safety concern for the consumer if it is used as a comonomer with 99.6% minimum purity at up to 14% w/w to manufacture polyamide films (maximum thickness: 25 μm) and intended to be used in contact with all types of foods, except infant formula and human milk, at all time and temperature conditions. The migrations of the substance and of the oligomers below 1000 Da containing the substance should not exceed 0.05 and 5 mg/kg food, respectively.