bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Association of maternal folate status in the second trimester of pregnancy with the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus
Authors: Xie Kaipeng , Xu Pengfei , Fu Ziyi , Gu Xiaohong , Li Hui , Cui Xianwei , You Lianghui , Zhu Lijun , Ji Chenbo , Guo Xirong
Published: October 2019

Interest in the high folate status of pregnant women has increased due to its role in the prevention of neural tube defects (NTDs). The effect of increased red blood cell (RBC) folate status during the second trimester of pregnancy on gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) remains unclear. We measured RBC folate concentrations by competitive protein‐binding assay and obtained clinical information from electronic medical records. Logistic regression analysis was used to explore the associations of RBC folate concentrations with risks of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). We further assessed the potential nonlinear relations between continuous log‐transformed RBC folate concentrations and GDM risk by using the restricted cubic splines. We observed high RBC folate concentrations in GDM patients compared to control group [median (interquartile range, IQR), GDM vs. controls: 1,554.03 (1,240.54–1,949.99) vs. 1,478.83 (1,124.60–1,865.71) nmol/L, p = .001]. Notably, high folate concentrations were significantly associated with an increased risk of GDM [RR per 1‐SD increase: 1.16 (1.03, 1.30), p = .012] after adjustment for maternal age, parity, and body mass index (BMI) at enrollment. In the restricted cubic spline model, a test of the null hypothesis of the linear relationship was rejected (p = .001). Our study firstly showed that maternal RBC folate concentrations during the second trimester of pregnancy increase the risk of GDM in a Chinese population. Further randomized clinical trials (RCTs) are warranted to confirm the adverse effect.
Neurochemical regulation of the expression and function of glial fibrillary acidic protein in astrocytes
Authors: Li Dongyang , Liu Xiaoyu , Liu Tianming , Liu Haitao , Tong Li , Jia Shuwei , Wang Yu‐Feng
Published: October 2019

Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), a type III intermediate filament, is a marker of mature astrocytes. The expression of GFAP gene is regulated by many transcription factors (TFs), mainly Janus kinase‐2/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 cascade and nuclear factor κ‐light‐chain‐enhancer of activated B cell signaling. GFAP expression is also modulated by protein kinase and other signaling molecules that are elicited by neuronal activity and hormones. Abnormal expression of GFAP proteins occurs in neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration, brain edema‐eliciting diseases, traumatic brain injury, psychiatric disorders and others. GFAP, mainly in α‐isoform, is the major component of cytoskeleton and the scaffold of astrocytes, which is essential for the maintenance of astrocytic structure and shape. GFAP also has highly morphological plasticity because of its quick changes in assembling and polymerizing states in response to environmental challenges. This plasticity and its corresponding cellular morphological changes endow astrocytes the functions of physical barrier between adjacent neurons and stabilizer of extracellular environment. Moreover, GFAP colocalizes and even molecularly associates with many functional molecules. This feature allows GFAP to function as a platform for direct interactions between different molecules. Last, GFAP involves transportation and localization of other functional proteins and thus serves as a protein transport guide in astrocytes. This guiding role of GFAP involves an elastic retraction and extension cytoskeletal network that couples with GFAP reassembling, transporting, and membrane protein recycling machinery. This paper reviews our current understanding of the expression and functions of GFAP as well as their regulation.
LEF1 supports metastatic brain colonization by regulating glutathione metabolism and increasing ROS resistance in breast cancer
Authors: Blazquez Raquel , Rietkötter Eva , Wenske Britta , Wlochowitz Darius , Sparrer Daniela , Vollmer Elena , Müller Gunnar , Seegerer Julia , Sun Xueni , Dettmer Katja , Barrantes‐Freer Alonso , Stange Lena , Utpatel Kirsten , Bleckmann Annalen , Treiber Hannes , Bohnenberger Hanibal , Lenz Christof , Schulz Matthias , Reimelt Christian , Hackl Christina , Grade Marian , Büyüktas Deram , Siam Laila , Balkenhol Marko , Stadelmann Christine , Kube Dieter , Krahn Michael P. , Proescholdt Martin A. , Riemenschneider Markus J. , Evert Matthias , Oefner Peter J. , Klein Chistoph A. , Hanisch Uwe K. , Binder Claudia , Pukrop Tobias
Published: October 2019

More than half of all brain metastases show infiltrating rather than displacing growth at the macro‐metastasis/organ parenchyma interface (MMPI), a finding associated with shorter survival. The lymphoid enhancer‐binding factor‐1 (LEF1) is an epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) transcription factor that is commonly overexpressed in brain‐colonizing cancer cells. Here, we overexpressed LEF1 in an in vivo breast cancer brain colonization model. It shortened survival, albeit without engaging EMT at the MMPI. By differential proteome analysis, we identified a novel function of LEF1 as a regulator of the glutathione (GSH) system, the principal cellular redox buffer. LEF1 overexpression also conferred resistance against therapeutic GSH depletion during brain colonization and improved management of intracellular ROS. We conclude that besides EMT, LEF1 facilitates metastasis by improving the antioxidative capacity of epithelial breast cancer cells, in particular during colonization of the brain parenchyma.
Graphitic solid core carbon nanorods grown on silica sands using electron cyclotron resonance chemical vapor deposition as a highly efficient and green sorbent for removal of phenol derivatives from water sources
Authors: Mehmanravesh Samira , Farhadi Khalil , Torabian Ali , Hasani Amirhesam
Published: October 2019

In this study, graphitic solid core carbon nanorods (GSCNRs) were, for the first time, anchored to the surface of silica sands through the electron cyclotron resonance chemical vapor deposition method to provide coated silica sands as a new, low‐cost, green, and efficient adsorbent for the removal of organic pollutants such as phenol and 2,4‐dichlorophenol (2,4‐DCP) from aqueous mediums. The characteristics of GSCNRs/SiO2 were confirmed through Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy techniques. After the optimization of several parameters, the removal efficiency of phenol and 2,4‐DCP using 1 g of adsorbent amount, the initial concentration of pollutants (10 mg/L phenol and 15 mg/L 2,4‐DCP), a contact time of 10 min (phenol) and 20 min (2,4‐DCP), and pH = 7 were 69 and 89%, respectively. The adsorption isotherm models of Langmuir and Freundlich, as well as pseudo‐first‐order and pseudo‐second‐order kinetic models, were examined under optimal conditions. Eventually, GSCNRs/SiO2 was regenerated five times for the removal of phenol and 2,4‐DCP. The removal efficiency of the tested contaminants from inlet raw water of a water treatment plant using the proposed adsorbent was investigated.
Role of type 2 innate lymphoid cell and its related cytokines in tumor immunity
Authors: Wan Jie , Cai Wei , Wang Huixuan , Cheng Jianjun , Su Zhaoliang , Wang Shengjun , Xu Huaxi
Published: October 2019

Type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) have multiple functions that can respond to allergic diseases, parasite infection, metabolic homeostasis, tissue repair, and adipose metabolism homeostasis. In these diseases, ILC2s can be activated by various inflammatory cytokines released by damaged cells. Activated ILC2s produce different type 2 cytokines, including interleukin (IL)‐4, IL‐5, IL‐9, and IL‐13, which involved in the pathogenesis of many diseases. In recent years, the relationship between ILC2s and tumor diseases has attracted more and more attention. The role of ILC2s in tumor immunity depends on its surface molecules and cytokine context. This review aims to conclude tumorigenic and antitumorigenic roles of ILC2s, and the characters of ILC2s‐related cytokines in tumor diseases to provide a comprehensive overview of the impact of ILC2s in tumor immunity.
Recombinant expression of Aspergillus niger GH10 endo‐xylanase in Pichia pastoris by constructing a double‐plasmid co‐expression system
Authors: Long Lingfeng , Zhang Yunbo , Ren Hongyan , Sun Haiyan , Sun Fubao F , Qin Wensheng
Published: October 2019

BACKGROUND

Previous work has shown that GH10 endo‐xylanase presented better synergistic cooperation with cellulase to achieve effective hydrolysis. However, most currently reported commercial xylanolytic enzymes from Aspergillus niger belong to GH11 and there have been few studies regarding GH10 xylanase. In addition, to increase overall expression of heterologous endo‐xylanase in Pichia pastoris, a double‐plasmid co‐expression method, including the construction of recombinant P. pastoris using one expression vector followed by inserting another vector which targeted to different locus, was introduced.

RESULTS

A GH10 xylanase gene from A. niger BE‐2 (XynC) was optimized and constitutively expressed in P. pastoris GS115. Compared with the conventional single‐plasmid method, it appeared that the double‐plasmid strategy could considerably increase the XynC yield by ∼33%. To further improve enzyme production, cultivation conditions were optimized at shake‐flask level and then scaled up to a 5‐L bioreactor. Through high cell‐density fermentation, the expression level of GH10 XynC reached 1650 U mL−1. The XynC showed maximum activity at 55 °C and pH 5.0, and exhibited an excellent stability over a wide range of pH from 4.5 to 7.0. The kinetic parameters Km and Vmax values for beechwood xylan were 3.5 mg mL−1 and 2327 U mg−1, respectively.

CONCLUSION

The double‐plasmid co‐expression strategy introduced herein could greatly improve the XynC yield in P. pastoris. The GH10 xylanase from A. niger BE‐2 shared similar reaction conditions with the existing enzymatic hydrolysis, which might be a good candidate to assist cellulases for industrial application. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
The influence of grafting process on the optical, geometrical, and structural parameters of nylon‐6 fibers
Authors: Sokkar Taha Z. N. , El‐Bakary Mohammed A. , Sewidan Muhamed A. , Hamza Ahmed. A.
Published: October 2019

Mach–Zehnder interferometer technique is utilized to study the impact of grafting of the nylon‐6 fibers with poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) polymer on the optical, geometrical, and structural properties. He–Ne laser diffraction technique is applied to study the changes in the fiber thickness of two samples (nylon‐6 blank and nylon‐6 grafted with PMMA) at different positions along the fiber length. The geometrical parameters are investigated by determining the cross‐sectional shape of the two samples. The results of the interferometric and the diffraction techniques show that there is no variation in the thickness of nylon‐6 fiber but variations in the thickness of the grafted nylon‐6 fiber are obvious. The optical and physical properties along the axis of these fibers are characterized by measuring their refractive indices, birefringence, polarizability per unit volume, dielectric constant, surface reflectivity and the refractive index profile. The results show that PMMA polymer changed the optical, geometrical, and structural properties of the nylon‐6 blank fiber. Microinterferograms are given for illustrations.
The scaling of terrestrial striking performance in western ratsnakes (Pantherophis obsoletus)
Authors: Penning David A. , Sawvel Baxter , Moon Brad R.
Published: October 2019

In many organisms, juveniles have performance capabilities that partly offset their disadvantageous sizes. Using high‐speed video recordings and imaging software, we measured the scaling of head morphology, axial morphology, and defensive strike performance ofPantherophis obsoletusacross their ontogeny to understand how size and morphology affect performance. Head measurements were negatively allometric whereas the cross‐sectional area (CSA) of epaxial muscles displayed positive allometry. The greater relative muscle CSA of larger ratsnakes allows them to produce higher forces relative to their mass, and those forces act on a relatively smaller head mass when it is thrust forward during striking. Maximum strike accelerations of 70–273.8 ms−2and velocities of 1.08–3.39 ms−1scaled positively with body mass but differed from the geometric predictions. Velocity scaled with mass0.15and acceleration scaled with mass0.17. Larger snakes struck from greater distances (range = 4.1–26 cm), but all snakes covered the strike distances with similarly short durations (84 ± 3 ms). The negatively allometric head size, isometry of anterior mass, and positively allometric muscle CSA enable largerP. obsoletusto strike with higher velocities and accelerations than smaller individuals. Our results contrast with the scaling of strike performance in an arboreal viper, whose strike distance and velocity were independent of body mass. When strike distance is modulated, all other performance capacities are affected because of the interdependence of acceleration, velocity, duration, and distance.
Extending regular edge‐colorings of complete hypergraphs
Authors: Bahmanian Amin , Haghshenas Sadegheh
Published: October 2019

A coloring (partition) of the collection of all ‐subsets of a set is ‐regular if the number of times each element of appears in each color class (all sets of the same color) is the same number . We are interested in finding the conditions under which a given ‐regular coloring of is extendible to an ‐regular coloring of for and . The case was solved by Cruse, and due to its connection to completing partial symmetric latin squares, many related problems are extensively studied in the literature, but very little is known for . The case was solved by Häggkvist and Hellgren, settling a conjecture of Brouwer and Baranyai. The cases and were solved by Rodger and Wantland, and Bahmanian and Newman, respectively. In this paper, we completely settle the cases and .
Gender interactions between vertebral bone mineral density and fat content in the elderly: Assessment using fat–water MRI
Authors: Chen Chiao‐Chi , Liu Yi‐Jui , Lee Shiou‐Ping , Yang Hou‐Ting , Chan Wing P.
Published: October 2019

Background

Adipose tissue is closely related to bone mass, bone quality, and bone fractures, but the connection between fat and bone is complex and gender‐related. Fat–water magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and MR spectroscopy (MRS) are very useful tools for identifying tissue fat.

Purpose

To assess gender interactions between bone mineral density (BMD), bone marrow fat, and body mass index (BMI) in the elderly using fat–water MRI and MRS.

Study Type

Prospective/cohort.

Population

Sixty‐six women and 38 men (mean age, 62.3 years; range, 50–75 years), Asian.

Field Strength

A 1.5T MR equipped with a body and spine array coil. STEAM MRS and T2* Dixon were performed.

Assessment

Vertebral bone marrow fat ratio (MFR), BMI, and BMD were measured. Correlations between these variables and differences in bone density in MFR were assessed between participants, divided into three groups based on bone density.

Statistical Tests

Multiple regression; Pearson tests; analysis of covariance; analysis of variance.

Results

Multiple regression analysis identified gender, vertebral bone MFR, and BMI as significant predictors of vertebral BMD (P < 0.001). Among the women, vertebral BMD was negatively correlated with vertebral MFR (P = 0.011), but among the men, it was positively correlated with BMI (P = 0.048), although this relationship was confounded by age and MFR. Moreover, vertebral bone marrow fat and BMI were indeed statistically uncorrelated in the elderly (P = 0.357 in women; P = 0.961 in men).

Data Conclusion

We found gender interactions between fat and bone in the elderly. Higher bone marrow fat was correlated with lower trabecular BMD in older women but not in men. On the other hand, the positive correlation between BMI and BMD was more pronounced in men than in women.

Level of Evidence: 2

Technical Efficacy Stage: 2

J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2020;51:1382–1389.
Evaluation of silica from different vendors as the solid support of anion‐exchange chiral stationary phases by means of preferential sorption and liquid chromatography
Authors: Kohout Michal , Hovorka Štěpán , Herciková Jana , Wilk Maciej , Sysel Petr , Izák Pavel , Bartůněk Vilém , von Baeckmann Cornelia , Pícha Jan , Frühauf Peter
Published: October 2019

Chromatographic performance of a chiral stationary phase is significantly influenced by the employed solid support. Properties of the most commonly used support, silica particles, such as size and size distribution, and pore size are of utmost importance for both superficially porous particles and fully porous particles. In this work, we have focused on evaluation of fully porous particles from three different vendors as solid supports for a brush‐type chiral stationary phase based on 9‐O‐tert‐butylcarbamoyl quinidine. We have prepared corresponding stationary phases under identical experimental conditions and determined the parameters of the modified silica by physisorption measurements and scanning electron microscopy. Enantiorecognition properties of the chiral stationary phases have been studied using preferential sorption experiments. The same material was slurry‐packed into chromatographic columns and the chromatographic properties have been evaluated in liquid chromatography. We show that preferential sorption can provide valuable information about the influence of the pore size and total pore volume on the interaction of analytes of different size with the chirally‐modified silica surface. The data can be used to understand differences observed in chromatographic evaluation of the chiral stationary phases. The combination of preferential sorption and liquid chromatography separation can provide detailed information on new chiral stationary phases.
Optimization of wireless power transfer using artificial neural network: A review
Authors: Ali Azuwa , Mohd Yasin Mohd Najib , Jusoh Muzammil , Ahmad Hambali Nor Azura Malini , Abdul Rahim Siti Rafidah
Published: October 2019

Wireless power transfer (WPT) is widely explored and applied nowadays because of its simplicity in transferring power without using wire, easy maintenance, and equipment mobility. Due to mobility and compatibility attributes, WPT is utilized in powering biomedical devices, small electronic equipment, wireless sensor, mobile phones, and high voltage applications (eg, electric vehicles). The implementation of artificial neural network (ANN) in WPT has emerged as a powerful/prominent tool for estimating the performance parameters due to its learning and significant features. Such implementation can minimize design complexity and time‐consuming calculations. An early application of ANN employs the information derived from the collectively measured processes for training the ANN algorithm. After a suitable training process, the network output can be considered in place of computationally thorough representations to speed up the result search. To obtain precise result and optimize the parameters in WPT, several popular ANN algorithms have been used by researchers. This review paper highlighted the latest research specifically regarding the implementation of ANN in WPT, which included the types of ANN implemented in WPT, current WPT problem investigation that used ANN, and a comparison between the techniques. Moreover, the challenges and constraints of ANN techniques were elucidated at the end of this paper.
Morphological Identification of Bighead Carp, Silver Carp, and Grass Carp Eggs Using Random Forests Machine Learning Classification
Authors: Camacho Carlos A. , Sullivan Christopher J. , Weber Michael J. , Pierce Clay L.
Published: October 2019

Visual identification of fish eggs is difficult and unreliable due to a lack of information on the morphological egg characteristics of many species. We used random forests machine learning to predict the identity of genetically identified Bighead Carp Hypophthalmichthys nobilis, Grass Carp Ctenopharyngodon idella, and Silver Carp H. molitrix eggs based on egg morphometric and environmental characteristics. Family, genus, and species taxonomic-level random forests models were explored to assess the performance and accuracy of the predictor variables. The egg characteristics of Bighead Carp, Grass Carp, and Silver Carp were similar, and they were difficult to distinguish from one another. When combined into a single invasive carp class, the random forests models were ≥ 97% accurate at identifying invasive carp eggs, with a ≤5% false positive rate. Egg membrane diameter was the most important predictive variable, but the addition of ten other variables resulted in a 98% success rate for identifying invasive carp eggs from 26 other upper Mississippi River basin species. Our results revealed that a combination of morphometric and environmental measurements can be used to identify invasive carp eggs. Similar machine learning approaches could be used to identify the eggs of other fishes. These results will help managers more easily and quickly assess invasive carp reproduction.
Lessons Learned from Long-Term Effectiveness Monitoring of Instream Habitat Projects
Authors: Krall Michelle , Clark Christopher , Roni Phil , Ross Kai
Published: October 2019

The placement of instream structures to improve habitat for salmon and other fishes is one of the oldest and most common habitat improvement techniques. Since 2004, the Washington State Salmon Recovery Funding Board (SRFB) has been evaluating 23 instream habitat restoration projects by using a before–after control–impact (BACI) design. Sites (i.e., paired impact and control reaches) were monitored once before restoration implementation and several years after implementation on a rotating schedule (at years 1, 3, 5, and 10). Vertical pool profile area, mean residual profile depth, large wood (LW), and fish densities were quantified. Volume of LW increased significantly by year 10, while vertical pool profile area, mean residual profile depth, and fish densities did not significantly increase or meet the management targets (20% increase) by year 10. Increases in LW were expected given the restoration treatments (LW and engineered log jam additions). Vertical pool profile area and mean residual profile depth initially significantly increased (at years 1 and 3), though the results were no longer significant by year 10. The lack of a significant response in geomorphic metrics and juvenile fish by year 10 may be due to the low number of sites that were monitored for 10 years after restoration, but it is more likely due to challenges with implementing the monitoring program. These challenges included sample timing across years, poorly matched impact and control reaches, data management, and limitations in the monitoring protocols and metrics that were used. Our results demonstrate the importance of proper implementation of monitoring programs and suggest that future research and monitoring of instream projects should consider stratifying by ecoregion, seasonal fish sampling (summer and winter), improved habitat survey methods, more rigorous selection of impact and control reaches, critically assessing and clearly defining success, and the use of a posttreatment design.
On smoothers for multigrid of the second kind
Authors: Aksoylu Burak , Kaya Adem
Published: October 2019

We study smoothers for the multigrid method of the second kind arising from Fredholm integral equations. Our model problems use nonlocal governing operators that enforce local boundary conditions. For discretization, we utilize the Nyström method with the trapezoidal rule. We find the eigenvalues of matrices associated to periodic, antiperiodic, and Dirichlet problems in terms of the nonlocality parameter and mesh size. Knowing explicitly the spectrum of the matrices enables us to analyze the behavior of smoothers. Although spectral analyses exist for finding effective smoothers for 1D elliptic model problems, to the best of our knowledge, a guiding spectral analysis is not available for smoothers of a multigrid of the second kind. We fill this gap in the literature. The Picard iteration has been the default smoother for a multigrid of the second kind. Jacobi‐like methods have not been considered as viable options. We propose two strategies. The first one focuses on the most oscillatory mode and aims to damp it effectively. For this choice, we show that weighted‐Jacobi relaxation is equivalent to the Picard iteration. The second strategy focuses on the set of oscillatory modes and aims to damp them as quickly as possible, simultaneously. Although the Picard iteration is an effective smoother for model nonlocal problems under consideration, we show that it is possible to find better than ones using the second strategy. We also shed some light on internal mechanism of the Picard iteration and provide an example where the Picard iteration cannot be used as a smoother.
Stability properties of the Discontinuous Galerkin Material Point Method for hyperbolic problems in one and two space dimensions
Authors: Renaud Adrien , Heuzé Thomas , Stainier Laurent
Published: October 2019

In this paper, stability conditions are derived for the Discontinuous Galerkin Material Point Method (DGMPM) on the scalar linear advection equation for the sake of simplicity and without loss of generality for linear problems. The discrete systems resulting from the application of the DGMPM discretization in one and two space dimensions are first written. For these problems, a second‐order Runge‐Kutta and the forward Euler time discretizations are respectively considered. Moreover, the numerical fluxes are computed at cell faces by means of either the Donor‐Cell Upwind or the Corner Transport Upwind methods for multidimensional problems. Second, the discrete scheme equations are derived assuming that all cells of a background grid contain at least one particle. Although a Cartesian grid is considered in two space dimensions, the results can be extended to regular grids. The von Neumann linear stability analysis then allows the computation of the critical Courant number for a given space discretization. Although the DGMPM is equivalent to the first‐order finite volume method if one particle lies in each element, so that the Courant number can be set to unity, other distributions of particles may restrict the stability region of the scheme. The study of several configurations is then proposed.
Effect of Talc Size on Surface Roughness and Glossiness of Polypropylene Injection Molding Application to Automotive Plastics
Authors: Kuroda Shinichi , Mizutani Atsushi , Ito Hiroshi
Published: October 2019

Talc‐containing polypropylene (PP) resin is extensively employed in automobiles. Herein, considering the microstructure transfer process in injection molding, the effect of the talc's dispersibility and particle size on this process and its impact on the gloss level of the product were investigated. Results show that a fine unevenness of about several micrometers was self‐formed by the shrinkage of PP in nontransferred areas due to the blending of talc. Additionally, the amount of self‐formed unevenness tended with an increase in the average particle size of talc. Furthermore, due to PP shrinkage and different densities of talc, it was observed that a fine tiger‐stripe pattern was self‐formed using special molds with modified microstructure. This self‐formed fine unevenness changes the gloss level owing to the diffused light reflection effect. This study proposes controlling this change by controlling the average particle size of talc and structure of the mold. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 60:132–139, 2020. © 2019 Society of Plastics Engineers
Synthesis of molecular‐weight‐controlled polyfluorene with boronate at one end
Authors: Tokita Yu , Sugawara Kotaro , Awayama Riho , Ohta Yoshihiro , Yokozawa Tsutomu
Published: October 2019

We investigated the synthesis of polyfluorene with a pinacol boronate (PinB) moiety at one end and with controlled molecular weight by means of Suzuki–Miyaura coupling polymerization of pinacol (7‐bromo‐9,9‐dioctyl‐9H‐fluoren‐2‐yl)boronate (1) with a palladium(0) precatalyst in the presence of pinacol 4‐trifluoromethylphenylboronate (2) as a chain terminator and CsF/18‐crown‐6 as a base. When we used AmPhos Pd G2, which has a propensity for intramolecular catalyst transfer on a π‐electron face, polyfluorene with the PinB moiety at one end and PhCF3 (derived from 2) at the other end was obtained, and the molecular weight increased in proportion to the feed ratio of [1]0/[catalyst]0, though the molecular weight distribution was broad. Since the molecular weight also linearly increased with respect to the conversion of 1 until the middle stage of polymerization, the polymerization appears to involve chain‐growth polymerization through intramolecular catalyst transfer from the Pd catalyst inserted into the CBr bond of 1. The broad molecular weight distribution might be mainly due to slow initiation and slow termination with 2, rather than polymer–polymer coupling. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2019, 57, 2498–2504
Practice, information and the development of a digital platform
Authors: Allen David K. , Irnazarow Aleksandra , McLauglin Fiona
Published: October 2019

This paper reflects upon the development of a digital platform using a theoretically informed, bottom‐up approach to the co‐production where the researchers were immersed in the design and development process. It draws upon three concepts from activity theory illustrating how each illuminates the development of the platform.
Machine translation literacy: Academic libraries' role
Authors: Bowker Lynne
Published: October 2019

English is the main language of scholarly communication, but most researchers are not native English speakers. Machine translation (MT) technology is advancing, but such tools rarely produce high quality output of specialized text without human intervention. There is an emerging need for MT literacy, and academic librarians are well placed to deliver it. This poster reports the results of an MT literacy workshop delivered at Concordia University Library.
The impact of a prescribed journal list of disciplinary publishing
Authors: Campbell‐Meier Jennifer , Sylvester Allan , Woods Jacob
Published: October 2019

In 2007, the Association for Information Systems created a basket of eight journals that claim to bound the discipline. A review of the literature found 41 studies discussing the impact of the basket on scholarly publishing. While the basket of eight has had a positive impact on the impact factors for Information Systems, an increase that has not appeared in the LIS journal set, a review of citations finds a steady increase in the number of basket of eight journals being cited within the basket of eight. This paper discusses the impact the basket of eight has had on cited references.
Capturing the change in topical interests of personas over time
Authors: Jansen Bernard J. , Jung Soon‐gyo , Salminen Joni
Published: October 2019

In this research, we collect monthly content consumption and demographic data from YouTube over two years for a large media publisher. We use automation to generate 15 personas each month and examine the consistency of the generated personas over time. We find that there are 35 unique personas in total for the entire period, reflecting the changes in the underlying audience population. For each persona, we generate topics of interest and identify the top three monthly topics for each of the 35 personas following an identical algorithmic approach each month. We then compare the sets of topical interests of the personas month‐over‐month for the entire two‐year period. Findings show that there is an average 20.2% change in topical interests and that 68% of the personas experience more topical change than topical consistency. Findings suggest that the topical interests of online audiences are fluid and changes in the underlying audience data can occur within a relatively short period, resulting in the need for constant updating of personas using data‐driven methods. The implications for organizations seeking to understand their online audience are that they should employ routine data analysis to detect changes in the audience interests and investigate ways to automate their persona generation processes.
Identifying the contribution–influence gap in the science and technology community
Authors: Chang Yu‐Wei , Huang Mu‐Hsuan , Kuan Chung‐Huei
Published: October 2019

This study uncovered the gap between scientific and technological contributions and scientific and technological influence by tracking scientists who received two national awards that recognized their scientific and technological achievements. The results show that scientific and technological contributions can be made by the same intellectual ideas, indicating the complex relationship between science and technology. Only a few scientists had received a remarkable number of citations of their scientific publications and patents over decades. The contribution–influence gap indicates that quantifying the scientific and technological contributions of some scientists is difficult.
Understanding interactions among citizens, government authorities, media, and ngos on twitter during natural disaster
Authors: Chen Sijing , Mao Jin , Wang Xiao , Li Gang
Published: October 2019

Social media has been adopted by various stakeholders to propagate information and communicate online for disaster‐related discussions. This study aims to investigate the characteristics of interaction among multiple stakeholders on social media during natural disaster. Tweets related to Hurricane Harvey were analyzed. Four types of users reflecting the stakeholders of disaster were predicted by a supervised classifier. The communications among different user groups were formulated as an interaction network. Interaction characteristics of different user groups were compared through social network analysis. Preliminary results suggest that government authorities are frequently interacted and usually act as brokers in emergency communication. Individual citizens actively interact with others during the disaster. Media and NGO users have more external interaction. The findings of this study provide practical insights into emergency communication among different types of users.
Analyzing divergent methodologies for political fact checking: United States and South Korea
Authors: Choi Wonchan , Haigh Maria
Published: October 2019

In this work in progress, we explore methods employed by professional journalists to fact‐check political claims and debunk inaccurate (“fake”) news stories. We content‐analyzed 150 articles evaluating political claims and debunking fake news published by two media companies, the Washington Post (United States) and JTBC (South Korea), during the periods surrounding the recent presidential elections in their respective countries. Overall, the most common types of claims evaluated included false claims made by politicians or political groups about their opponents' positions and numerical and nonnumerical facts. The most frequently used methods for debunking such false claims included consulting with an independent expert in the given topic domain and checking government statistics or documents. There were some variations in the types of false claims focused and debunking methods used between the two fact‐checking organizations.
In memoriam boleslaw Matuszewski: The origin of film librarianship
Authors: Domínguez‐Delgado Rubén , López‐Hernández María‐Ángeles
Published: October 2019

In the current context of state policies characterized by hefty budget cuts affecting film preservation, thus seriously jeopardizing our film heritage and clashing with the pronouncements made by the UNESCO in 1980, our intention here is to analyze two texts published in Paris in 1898 by the eulogizing, but otherwise unknown, Pole Boleslaw Matuszewski: A New Source of History and Animated Photography, What Is, What Should Be. Although they have not received the recognition that they deserve, both works were crucial to the history of film insofar as they would play a vital role in film preservation as a cultural heritage.
Characteristics of collaborative information seeking activities during group trip planning: A preliminary study
Authors: Fardous Jannatul , Du Jia Tina
Published: October 2019

Collaborative work among tourists is a topic of ongoing interest in information seeking area, and such activities are constantly evolving as technology advances. This paper explores the characteristics of a tourists group's activities during tourism information seeking. We conducted interviews with nine groups of tourists. The analysis identified four main characteristics of collaborative information seeking (CIS) activities in group trip planning process: initial co‐planning on the trip, seeking and sharing of information, prioritization of choices, and collaborative decisions. The findings of CIS characteristics will help CIS developer and tourism service operators to integrate new customized features and strategies to support group trip planning.
The false trade‐off of relevance for safety in children's search systems
Authors: Figueiredo Vanessa , Meyers Eric M.
Published: October 2019

Since the wide adoption of the Internet in public schools and libraries, parents, educators and caregivers have been concerned about the safety and efficacy of children's search practice, often willing to accept diminished information quality to ensure that young searchers do not encounter illicit materials. In this study, part of a broader examination of youth search practices in the early years, we demonstrate that “safe”, child‐oriented search engines provide less relevant results, while failing to keep children from the unfiltered Web, the narrow definition of safety proffered by the sites themselves. Based on our findings, we suggest that the rhetorics of these search tools present a false trade‐off and may actually hinder inquiry practice, as opposed to supporting safe and developmentally appropriate access to online materials.
Health information at intersections: Toward more inclusive personal health records for marginalized users
Authors: Gibson Amelia N. , Bowen Kristen L.
Published: October 2019

This paper highlights findings of two health information‐seeking studies and applies them to the design of personal health library. Both studies focus on themes related to information marginalization and access – the first among Black and Latina tween and teen girls, and the second among autistic (Autistic Self‐Advocacy Network, 2019) teens and young adults. The paper presents emergent findings related to common information values and defensive information behaviors among both study samples and examines implications for design of personal health records & libraries for groups traditionally marginalized in U.S. healthcare systems.
Put relational databases in your data curation toolbox
Authors: Jordan Jenna
Published: October 2019

This poster paper makes a case for the use of relational databases as a data curation tool, especially for datasets that are published separately but can be used together due to a common identifier scheme and shared attributes. The Correlates of War datasets are used as an illustrative example to show how the normalization process results in a design with greater data reusability, while check constraints and foreign key constraints can improve data quality.
Analyzing public opinion toward the 2019 North Korea–United States summit through mining twitter
Authors: Kim Jaewon , Kim Ji‐young , Zhu Yongjun
Published: October 2019

The study aims to understand public opinion toward the 2019 North Korea–United States summit. Specifically, we investigate the changes in public opinion before and after the summit through comparing and analyzing networks of major keywords extracted from Twitter. We found a clear difference between public opinion before and after the summit. For example, we could see that the differences in public perception of End of war, peace, and freedom changed. The clear difference between Chinese and South Korean representatives can be interpreted as to how international relations and domestic situation lead to public opinion. This study shows that network analysis can be useful for quantitative public opinion analysis.
A study for categorizing relations between headword and aliases
Authors: Kim Jiyoun , Koo Youngeun , Zhu Yongjun
Published: October 2019

In this study, we propose a method of categorizing relations between a headword and its aliases using Korean Wikipedia data. We propose orthographically similar types and orthographically different types. Orthographically similar types are divided into 5 types: Word space, Pronunciation difference, Omission, Abbreviation, and Word order change while different types are also classified into 4 types: Foreign word, Acronym, Paraphrased expression and Call name. We show examples to verify the proposed method.
Memory making and documenting in a diaspora small world
Authors: Kizhakkethil Priya
Published: October 2019

Diaspora communities are known for the transnational nature of their information networks and it is imperative that information behavior research takes into account the global nature of their information worlds. This early stage research study looks at women belonging to a diaspora and part of an online community converging around a leisure activity, especially focusing on the role of memory making and documenting as part of their information and document experience.
An experimental comparison on reading comprehension effect of visual, audio and dual channels
Authors: Liu Huiyun , Cao Shujin , Wu Shiyu
Published: October 2019

Audiobooks is booming audibly in the mobile age. According to Global Audiobook Trends and Statistics (2018), audio‐book performed better than e‐book, and US has occupied the largest market share, and the sales reached 21 billion dollars in 2016 and 23.5 billion dollars in 2017. Though previous researches show that the reading comprehension effect of audio channel is better than that on visual channel and the reading comprehension effect of dual channel combining visual and audio channel is better than the single channel. However, is that also established on the new mobile device? Using an experiment approach, we found that (1) The reading comprehension effect of the audio channel is better than that of the visual channel. (2) The reading comprehension effect of the dual channel is better than that of any single channel. That means listen to audiobooks through the audio channel and even the new reading format, like VR reading or AR reading should be encouraged in terms of the reading comprehension effect.
Location recommendation by combining geographical, categorical, and social preferences with location popularity
Authors: Ma Yaxue , Mao Jin , Li Gang
Published: October 2019

Location recommendation could not only increase location visibility, but free users from information overload dilemma. We propose a novel location recommendation method, which first exploits geographical proximity of locations and check‐in history of users' friends to measure geographical preference and social preference respectively, and innovatively estimates categorical preference by calculating semantic similarity between location tags based on category hierarchy. Then, all of three preferences are integrated, and location popularity is introduced as a coefficient to determine the priority of locations to be recommended. The preliminary result on a publicly available real‐word dataset shows that the proposed method significantly outperforms two state‐of‐the‐art baselines. This study expands the methods of location correlation measurement, and can meet user's personalized information needs.
Computational analyses of the relation of theme and genre in the writing of aphra behn
Authors: Mazel Adam , Dumas Catherine
Published: October 2019

This poster displays the results of preliminary computational analyses of the writing of Aphra Behn, a Restoration‐era woman of letters who wrote in a variety of genres. We analyze a selection of her diverse corpus via term frequency and topic modeling to consider how theme and genre relate in her writings: did Behn express similar themes in the many genres in which she wrote, or did she explore certain themes in certain genres, suggesting that her thematic interests determined the genres in which she wrote and vice versa? Analyzing the relationship between theme and genre in her writing offers insight into whether Behn adhered to the longstanding classical aesthetic concept of decorum: the belief, widespread when Behn wrote, that certain genres require certain themes and vice versa. Our preliminary analysis suggests both that she adhered to decorum and that computational text analysis is useful for studying theme and genre in individual authors.
Toward responsible scholarly communication and innovation: A survey of the prevalence of retracted articles on scholarly communication platforms
Authors: Mine Shinji
Published: October 2019

Open scholarly communication benefits us with unprecedented open access to scholarly information and many innovations, but it requires adequate quality control. This study aims to identify the extent of online availability of retracted articles across all disciplines in early 2019. In all, 1,541 articles were identified in Web of Science, published between 2000 and 2018. Using Google, Google Scholar, and Sci‐Hub, the full text of articles were searched on formal and informal platforms. The results showed that while even formal publishers could not comply with Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) guidelines (e.g., the lack of retraction alerts and open availability), most copies on informal platforms were non‐Version of Record, lacking any information of retraction. This preliminary study showed online propagation and inadequate quality control of the retracted articles by scholarly communication platforms, particularly by informal platforms.
The role of data & synthesis centers in convergence research
Authors: Pollock Danielle , Allard Suzie , Yan An , Parker Michelle
Published: October 2019

The convergence of scientific disciplines poses many challenges for data integration and management. As part of ongoing research into the role of data in new emerging research communities, we examined the perspective of synthesis center directors, professionals with expertise in supporting cross‐domain research using existing data to solve complex environmental challenges. Responses give insight into the roles data and synthesis centers play in the development of convergence research communities.
Bi‐LSTM+CRF‐based named entity recognition in scientific papers in the field of ecological restoration technology
Authors: Ma Jianxia , Yuan Hui
Published: October 2019

We carried out an experiment to extract ecological‐restoration‐technology‐related entities (i.e., entities related to the fragile ecological remediation technology of desertification, rocky desertification, water and soil erosion control areas, place entities, and time entities related to the technology performed,) from full‐text documents published in the CNKI from 1978 to 2017. Based on the extraction of the time entities, place entities, and fragile ecological remediation technology entities, we analyzed the technologies with the greatest potential from among China's fragile ecological restoration technologies using the category clustering of fragile ecological restoration technologies with LDA and the place distribution and evolution of fragile ecological treatment technologies. This research shows that the proposed Bi‐LSTM+CRF combined with the feature‐based named entity knowledgebase can be used to perform geographical knowledge discovery from text, and it has has good prospects for applications in intelligence analysis based on text mining.