bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Traumatic Brain Injury and Stem Cell: Pathophysiology and Update on Recent Treatment Modalities
Authors: Reis Cesar , Gospodarev Vadim , Reis Haley , Wilkinson Michael , Gaio Josileide , Araujo Camila , Chen Sheng , Zhang John H.
Published: August 2017

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a complex condition that presents with a wide spectrum of clinical symptoms caused by an initial insult to the brain through an external mechanical force to the skull. In the United States alone, TBI accounts for more than 50,000 deaths per year and is one of the leading causes of mortality among young adults in the developed world. Pathophysiology of TBI is complex and consists of acute and delayed injury. In the acute phase, brain tissue destroyed upon impact includes neurons, glia, and endothelial cells, the latter of which makes up the blood-brain barrier. In the delayed phase, “toxins” released from damaged cells set off cascades in neighboring cells eventually leading to exacerbation of primary injury. As researches further explore pathophysiology and molecular mechanisms underlying this debilitating condition, numerous potential therapeutic strategies, especially those involving stem cells, are emerging to improve recovery and possibly reverse damage. In addition to elucidating the most recent advances in the understanding of TBI pathophysiology, this review explores two primary pathways currently under investigation and are thought to yield the most viable therapeutic approach for treatment of TBI: manipulation of endogenous neural cell response and administration of exogenous stem cell therapy.
Water-Depth-Based Prediction Formula for the Blasting Vibration Velocity of Lighthouse Caused by Underwater Drilling Blasting
Authors: Gu Wenbin , Wang Zhenxiong , Liu Jianqing , Xu Jinglin , Liu Xin , Cao Tao
Published: August 2017

Lighthouses are the most important hydraulic structures that should be protected during underwater drilling blasting. Thus, the effect of blasting vibration on lighthouse should be studied. On the basis of the dimensional analysis, we deduced a revised formula for water depth based on Sodev’s empirical formula and established the linear fitting model. During the underwater reef project in the main channel of Shipu Harbor in the Ningbo–Zhoushan Port, the blasting vibration data of the lighthouse near the underwater blasting area were monitored. The undetermined coefficient, resolvable coefficient, and F value of the two formulas were then obtained. The comparison of the data obtained from the two formulas showed that they can effectively predict the blasting vibration on the lighthouse. The correction formula that considers water depth can obviously reduce prediction errors and accurately predict blasting vibration.
Prevalence of Rhinitis in Athletes: Systematic Review
Authors: Surda Pavol , Walker Abigail , Putala Matus , Siarnik Pavel
Published: August 2017

Background. Prevalence of rhinitis in athletes has frequently been studied and varies widely from 27% to 74%. The aim of this systematic review was to examine the prevalence of rhinitis in athletes, to specifically compare the evidence of rhinitis in land-based and aquatic athletes.Methods. Systematic search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the non-MEDLINE subset of PubMed was performed from inception to March 8, 2016, to identify studies on rhinitis in athletes.Results. Of the 373 identified unique articles, a total of 13 studies satisfied the criteria for this review. The final group contained 9 cohort and 4 case-control studies. We found 10 studies that reported the prevalence of allergic rhinitis (21%–56.5%). In contrast, nonallergic rhinitis was identified by only 1 author (6%). We have also evaluated the prevalence of rhinitis in the separate subgroups (land, water, and cold air) where swimmers seem to be the most affected (40%–74%), followed by cross-country skiers (46%) and track and field athletes (21 to 49%).Conclusion. We did not reveal any convincing trend of a higher prevalence in land-based athletes compared to general population. By contrast, aquatic and cold air athletes demonstrate increased prevalence reflecting the irritant effects of their environment on the nasal mucosa.
Performance Improvement of Membrane Stress Measurement Equipment through Evaluation of Added Mass of Membrane and Error Correction
Authors: Jin Sang-Wook , Ohmori Hiroshi , Lee Seungjae
Published: August 2017

One of the most important issues in keeping membrane structures in stable condition is to maintain the proper stress distribution over the membrane. However, it is difficult to determine the quantitative real stress level in the membrane after the completion of the structure. The stress relaxation phenomenon of the membrane and the fluttering effect due to strong wind or ponding caused by precipitation may cause severe damage to the membrane structure itself. Therefore, it is very important to know the magnitude of the existing stress in membrane structures for their maintenance. The authors have proposed a new method for separately estimating the membrane stress in two different directions using sound waves instead of directly measuring the membrane stress. The new method utilizes the resonance phenomenon of the membrane, which is induced by sound excitations given through an audio speaker. During such experiment, the effect of the surrounding air on the vibrating membrane cannot be overlooked in order to assure high measurement precision. In this paper, an evaluation scheme for the added mass of membrane with the effect of air on the vibrating membrane and the correction of measurement error is discussed. In addition, three types of membrane materials are used in the experiment in order to verify the expandability and accuracy of the membrane measurement equipment.
MSH2 Loss in Primary Prostate Cancer
Authors: Guedes Liana B. , Antonarakis Emmanuel S. , Schweizer Michael T. , Mirkheshti Nooshin , Almutairi Fawaz , Park Jong Chul , Glavaris Stephanie , Hicks Jessica , Eisenberger Mario A. , De Marzo Angelo M. , Epstein Jonathan I. , Isaacs William B. , Eshleman James R. , Pritchard Colin C. , Lotan Tamara L.
Published: August 2017

Purpose: Inactivation of mismatch repair (MMR) genes may predict sensitivity to immunotherapy in metastatic prostate cancers. We studied primary prostate tumors with MMR defects.

Experimental Design: A total of 1,133 primary prostatic adenocarcinomas and 43 prostatic small cell carcinomas (NEPC) were screened by MSH2 immunohistochemistry with confirmation by next-generation sequencing (NGS). Microsatellite instability (MSI) was assessed by PCR and NGS (mSINGS).

Results: Of primary adenocarcinomas and NEPC, 1.2% (14/1,176) had MSH2 loss. Overall, 8% (7/91) of adenocarcinomas with primary Gleason pattern 5 (Gleason score 9–10) had MSH2 loss compared with 0.4% (5/1,042) of tumors with any other scores (P < 0.05). Five percent (2/43) of NEPC had MSH2 loss. MSH2 was generally homogenously lost, suggesting it was an early/clonal event. NGS confirmed MSH2 loss-of-function alterations in all (12/12) samples, with biallelic inactivation in 83% (10/12) and hypermutation in 83% (10/12). Overall, 61% (8/13) and 58% (7/12) of patients had definite MSI by PCR and mSINGS, respectively. Three patients (25%) had germline mutations in MSH2. Tumors with MSH2 loss had a higher density of infiltrating CD8+ lymphocytes compared with grade-matched controls without MSH2 loss (390 vs. 76 cells/mm2; P = 0.008), and CD8+ density was correlated with mutation burden among cases with MSH2 loss (r = 0.72, P = 0.005). T-cell receptor sequencing on a subset revealed a trend toward higher clonality in cases versus controls.

Conclusions: Loss of MSH2 protein is correlated with MSH2 inactivation, hypermutation, and higher tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte density, and appears most common among very high-grade primary tumors, for which routine screening may be warranted if validated in additional cohorts. Clin Cancer Res; 23(22); 6863–74. ©2017 AACR.
Growth Hormone Therapy in Children with Kabuki Syndrome: 1-year Treatment Results
Authors: Schott Dina A. , Gerver Willem J.M. , Stumpel Constance T.R.M.
Published: August 2017

Background/Aims: Kabuki syndrome (KS) is a rare genetic malformation syndrome, resulting in characteristic features such as short stature. We investigate whether growth hormone (GH) treatment increases linear height and influences body proportions in KS children. Methods: In this prospective study, 18 genetically confirmed prepubertal KS children (9 females and 9 males) aged from 3.8 to 10.1 years (mean 6.8 ± 2.1 years) were treated with recombinant human GH (rhGH) for 1 year. Calculations for height, height velocity, BMI, sitting height, and subischial leg length were made. Bone age, insulin-like growth factor (IGF-I), and IGF binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3) were also measured. Results: This study showed an increase in height standard deviation score (SDS) for the whole group from –2.40 to –1.69 (p < 0.05) after 1 year of rhGH treatment. The change in height SDS within 1 year was >0.7 SDS for 10 subjects and >0.5 SDS for 3 subjects. The mean IGF-I SDS at the start of the study was –0.70 (±1.07), which increased after 12 months to 1.41 (±0.91) (p < 0.05). KS children who received rhGH at a younger age displayed significantly greater increases in height than those who started when they were older. The same was true for both gene mutation KMT2D versus KDM6A and for GH deficiency versus non-GH deficiency KS children (p < 0.05). Throughout the course of rhGH treatment, the subjects’ body proportions remained normal. Conclusions: All participants experienced catch-up growth during the year of rhGH treatment, but without an influence on body proportions.
Catholic Missionary Education in Early Mandate Syria and Lebanon
Authors: Ouahes Idir
Published: August 2017

This article examines the interaction of Catholic missionary education with the French mandate state in Syria and Lebanon in the 1920s. Taking a short cross-section of the Mandate era, the article argues that Catholic missionaries’ activity in the educational sphere must be considered from a meso-level analysis to complement micro-level focus on school activity and macro-level examination of imperial relations. Such an approach begins by acknowledging the particularity of the Levantine setting, wherein Catholic activity was well embedded into the locale. It also puts into evidence the utility of Catholic educational institutions in the region for the French Mandate state’s priorities. It nevertheless considers the autonomy of these institutions; for instance, the parallel hierarchy that the French Church itself represented, with its independent priorities. Finally, the article considers the significance of inter-imperial rivalry in the Levant leading to these institutions’ empowerment by French mandate authorities.
A new species of Phyllium (Phyllium) Illiger, 1798 from Mindanao, Philippines (Phasmida, Phylliidae)
Authors: CUMMING ROYCE T.
Published: August 2017

A new species of leaf insect, Phyllium (Phyllium) fallorum n. sp. is described and illustrated. In addition a key to the current known species of Phyllium Illiger, 1798 from the Philippines is provided. This species is currently only known from the single unique holotype, which will be deposited in the San Diego Natural History Museum. Measurements of anatomical figures were made to the nearest 0.1 mm. Photos were taken using a Canon 5D Mark II and a MP-E 65mm macro lens and stacked using Zerene photo stacking software, version 1.04, 64-bit. Currently, ten species of Phyllium Illiger, 1798 have been described from the Philippines, with Phyllium (Phyllium) fallorum n. sp. the eleventh. Of the eleven known species from the Philippines, five are only known from female specimens.
Warlike and Peaceful Societies
Authors: Fog Agner
Published: August 2017

Are humans violent or peaceful by nature? We are both.

In this ambitious and wide-ranging book, Agner Fog presents a ground-breaking new argument that explains the existence of differently organised societies using evolutionary theory. It combines natural sciences and social sciences in a way that is rarely seen.

According to a concept called regality theory, people show a preference for authoritarianism and strong leadership in times of war or collective danger, but desire egalitarian political systems in times of peace and safety. These individual impulses shape the way societies develop and organise themselves, and in this book Agner argues that there is an evolutionary mechanism behind this flexible psychology. Incorporating a wide range of ideas including evolutionary theory, game theory, and ecological theory, Agner analyses the conditions that make us either strident or docile. He tests this theory on data from contemporary and ancient societies, and provides a detailed explanation of the applications of regality theory to issues of war and peace, the rise and fall of empires, the mass media, economic instability, ecological crisis, and much more.

Warlike and Peaceful Societies: The Interaction of Genes and Culture draws on many different fields of both the social sciences and the natural sciences. It will be of interest to academics and students in these fields, including anthropology, political science, history, conflict and peace research, social psychology, and more, as well as the natural sciences, including human biology, human evolution, and ecology.
Preliminary investigation on development of functionally graded cemented tungsten carbide with solid lubricant via ball milling and spark plasma sintering
Authors: Parihar Rityuj Singh , Gangi Setti Srinivasu , Sahu Raj Kumar
Published: August 2017

Functionally graded cemented tungsten carbide belongs to a hybrid Functionally Graded Materials family. However synthesis of functionally graded cemented tungsten carbide is a great challenge due to possibility of “Co migration” and CaF2 vaporization during liquid phase sintering. Hence the present work deals with the development of nanocrystalline materials using ball milling and consolidation of milled material by Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) for the preparation of functionally graded cemented tungsten carbide. The effects of ball milling and contents of Co, CaF2 and WC on WC/Co/CaF2 powder mixture were analyzed. Grain morphology, particle size, micro-strain, crystallite size, etc. of milled samples were investigated using scanning electron microscopy and X-Ray diffraction techniques. In addition to that, density, microstructure, hardness, fracture toughness and residual stress of consolidated sample are also reported. These tests confirm the formation of nanocrystalline particles and sub-sequent consolidation of functionally graded cemented tungsten carbide with solid lubricant. Hence ball milling with SPS is a prominent and viable process combination for the preparation of functionally graded cemented tungsten carbide.
Electrical properties of epoxy-glue/(Bi12MnO20–BiMn2O5) composite
Authors: Szeremeta Anna Z , Molak Andrzej , Pawlus Sebastian , Koperski Janusz , Leonarska Agnieszka
Published: August 2017

Electrical properties of composite consisted of epoxy-glue and powdered bismuth manganite Bi12MnO20–BiMn2O5 ceramics were studied. Samples contained 66 wt% of bismuth manganite. Secondary electron images and backscattered electron images were collected for the epoxy-glue and the epoxy-glue/bismuth manganite samples. Microanalysis shown that majority of bismuth manganite powder was homogenously distributed in epoxy-glue matrix. Lack of changes in crystallographic structure, in 300–450 K range, was deduced from the X-ray diffraction patterns. The electric impedance was measured at radio-frequencies. It was analysed using electric permittivity ɛ*( T, f ) and modulus M″(T, f ) representation. Epoxy-glue/bismuth manganite composite exhibited, at room temperature, conductivity, σ( f ) = 10−5 to 10−7 S m−1, permittivity, ɛ′≈10, losses, tan  δ = 0.2–0.8 and dispersion markedly lower than bismuth manganite ceramics. Electric relaxation was induced in epoxy-glue/bismuth manganite composite samples. The Vogel–Fulcher–Tammann equation was fitted to relaxation times temperature dependence, obtained from M″(T, f ). The estimated values of Vogel–Fulcher equation parameters were frequency f0 = 2.2 × 108 Hz, energy UT = 1050 K and glass transition temperature Tg = 282 K. The relaxation times were attributed to strains, which would occur at interfacial layers between the bismuth manganite grain and the polymer matrix.
Factors That Influence the Recruitment and Retention of Nurses in Public Health Agencies
Authors: Yeager Valerie A. , Wisniewski Janna M.
Published: August 2017

Objective:

Given challenges to recruiting nurses to public health and the growth in national policies focused on population health, it is crucial that public health agencies develop strategies to sustain this important group of employees. The objective of this study was to examine factors that influence nurses’ decisions to work in public health agencies.

Methods:

This cross-sectional study examined perspectives of nurses who worked in state and local public health departments and responded to the 2010 Council on Linkages Between Academia and Public Health Practice’s survey of public health workers. We calculated the mean rating of each recruitment and retention factor for nurses and non-nurses separately and compared differences by using t tests. We then used multivariate regression analysis to examine differences in ratings by role (ie, nurse or non-nurse).

Results:

After controlling for personal and organizational characteristics, the influence of 5 recruitment factors was significantly stronger among nurses than among non-nurses: flexibility of work schedule ( P < .001), autonomy/employee empowerment ( P < .001), ability to innovate ( P = .002), specific duties and responsibilities ( P = .005), and identifying with the mission of the organization ( P = .02). The influence of 5 retention factors was stronger among nurses than among non-nurses : autonomy/employee empowerment ( P < .001), flexibility of work schedule ( P < .001), specific duties and responsibilities ( P < .001), opportunities for training/continuing education ( P = .03), and ability to innovate ( P = .008).

Conclusions:

Some factors that influence nurses to begin and remain working in local governmental public health agencies, such as flexible schedules and employee autonomy, are factors that governmental public health agencies can design into positions and highlight when recruiting from health care organizations, private industry, and academia.
The association of generalized anxiety disorder and Somatic Symptoms with frequent attendance to health care services
Authors: Kujanpää Tero S , Jokelainen Jari , Auvinen Juha P , Timonen Markku J
Published: August 2017

Objective

Generalized anxiety disorder is associated with higher rate of physical comorbities, unexplained symptoms, and health care utilization. However, the role of somatic symptoms in determining health care utilization is unclear. The present study aims to assess the association of frequent attendance of health care services between generalized anxiety disorder symptoms and somatic symptoms.

Method

This study was conducted cross-sectionally using the material of the 46-year follow-up survey of the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966. Altogether, 5585 cohort members responded to the questionnaires concerning health care utilization, illness history, physical symptoms, and generalized anxiety disorder-7 screening tool. Odds ratios belonging to the highest decile in health care utilization were calculated for generalized anxiety disorder symptoms and all (n = 4) somatic symptoms of Hopkins Symptom Checklist-25 controlled for confounding factors.

Results

Adjusted Odds ratios for being frequent attender of health care services were 2.29 (95% CI 1.58–3.31) for generalized anxiety disorder symptoms and 1.28 (95% CI 0.99–1.64), 1.94 (95% CI 1.46–2.58), 2.33 (95% CI 1.65–3.28), and 3.64 (95% CI 2.15–6.18) for 1, 2, 3, and 4 somatic symptoms, respectively. People with generalized anxiety disorder symptoms had on average a higher number of somatic symptoms (1.8) than other cohort members (0.9). Moreover, 1.6% of people without somatic symptoms tested positive for generalized anxiety disorder, meanwhile 22.6% of people with four somatic symptoms tested positive for generalized anxiety disorder.

Conclusions

Both generalized anxiety disorder symptoms and somatic symptoms are associated with a higher risk for being a health care frequent attender.
Moodivate
Authors: Dahne Jennifer , Lejuez CW , Kustanowitz Jacob , Felton Julia W , Diaz Vanessa A , Player Marty S , Carpenter Matthew J
Published: August 2017

Depressive symptoms are highly prevalent and are associated with considerable functional impairment, significant public health costs, and heightened mortality risk. Individuals experiencing impairment due to depressive symptomatology are most likely to report their symptoms to a primary care provider. As such, national guidelines highlight the need to assess and effectively treat depression via primary care. Despite these guidelines, the dissemination of evidence-based psychotherapy via primary care is limited, likely due to both provider- and patient-level treatment barriers. Mobile health (mHealth) technologies are promising for addressing these barriers and for promoting uptake of evidence-based depression treatment. Among evidence-based psychotherapies for depression, brief Behavioral Activation Treatment for Depression (BATD) has shown great promise and is particularly amenable to mHealth delivery. Herein, we discuss the development of a BATD mobile application, Moodivate, that was developed in order to disseminate BATD via primary care. This paper focuses on description of (1) rationale for Moodivate treatment development, (2) Moodivate treatment components, (3) ongoing clinical trial evaluation of Moodivate, and (4) clinical considerations for incorporating Moodivate into clinical practice.
Predictive Value of the Aspartate Aminotransferase to Platelet Ratio Index for Parenteral Nutrition–Associated Cholestasis in Premature Infants With Intestinal Perforation
Authors: Vongbhavit Kannikar , Underwood Mark A.
Published: August 2017

Background: Parenteral nutrition–associated cholestasis (PNAC) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in premature infants. Early predictors of PNAC would have clinical value. We sought to evaluate risk factors and liver function testing as predictors of PNAC in premature infants with intestinal perforation. Methods: Medical records of infants with a gestational age <34 weeks, birth weight <2000 g, and intestinal perforation due to either necrotizing enterocolitis or spontaneous intestinal perforation were reviewed. We analyzed clinical data and the maximum values of the aspartate aminotransferase (AST) to platelet ratio index (APRI), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), AST to ALT ratio, and total bilirubin (TB). Results: Sixty infants were identified, 17 infants with PNAC and 43 infants without PNAC. Sepsis, time to initiation of enteral feeds after perforation, and duration of PN were associated with PNAC. Within 2 weeks following intestinal perforation, APRI, ALT, and TB each differed significantly between infants who later developed PNAC and those that did not. The best APRI cut‐point was 0.4775 within 2 weeks after perforation (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, 0.90; positive predictive value, 85%; and negative predictive value, 87%); the cut‐point for ALT was 13.5 (0.90, 85%, 84%), and the cut‐point for TB was 3.55 (0.82, 69%, 83%), respectively, at 2 weeks after perforation. AST to ALT ratio did not differ between groups. Conclusions: APRI and ALT had reasonable predictive value for PNAC in premature infants with intestinal perforation, with the APRI the best predictor within 2 weeks after perforation.
Personalised health document summarisation exploiting Unified Medical Language System and topic-based clustering for mobile healthcare
Authors: Kim Gun-Woo , Lee Dong-Ho
Published: August 2017

According to the growing interest in mobile healthcare, multi-document summarisation techniques are increasingly required to cope with health information overload and effectively deliver personalised online healthcare information. However, because of the peculiarities of medical terminology and the diversity of subtopics in health documents, multi-document summarisation must consider technical aspects that are different from those of the general domain. In this article, we propose a personalised health document summarisation system that provides a reliable personal health-related summary to general healthcare consumers via mobile devices. Our system generates a personalised summary from multiple online health documents by exploiting biomedical concepts, semantic types and semantic relations extracted from the Unified Medical Language System (UMLS) and analysing individual health records derived from mobile personal health record (PHR) applications. Furthermore, to increase the diversity and coverage of summarised results and to display them in a user-friendly manner on mobile devices, we create a summary that is categorised into subtopics by grouping semantically related sentences through topic-based clustering. The experimental evaluations demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed system.
Management of refractory bleeding post-cardiopulmonary bypass in an acute heparin-induced thrombocytopenia type II renal failure patient who underwent urgent cardiac surgery with bivalirudin (Angiox®) anticoagulation
Authors: Hassen Kimberly , Maccaroni Maria R. , Sabry Haytham , Mukherjee Smitangshu , Serumadar Shankari , Birdi Inderpaul
Published: August 2017

Acute heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) patients present a myriad of anticoagulation management challenges, in clinical settings where unfractionated heparin (UFH) is the traditional drug of choice. UFH use in cardiac surgery is a known entity that has been subject to rigorous research. Research has, thus, led to its unparalleled use and the development of well-established protocols for cardiac surgery. In comparison to UFH, bivalirudin use for acute HIT patients requiring urgent cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is still in its infancy. We describe the tailored post-CPB management of refractory bleeding in a 65-year-old infective endocarditis, acute HIT patient with renal failure who underwent urgent aortic valve replacement and mitral valve repair with bivalirudin anticoagulation. A management approach that entailed a combination of continuous venovenous haemofiltration (CVVH), 4-Factor prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC) (Beriplex), recombinant factor VIIa (rFactor VIIa) and desmopressin (DDAVP) were consecutively used post-operatively in theatre. Based on this case study experience, two modifications to institutional protocols are recommended. The first is the use of CVVH in theatre to eliminate bivalirudin in renal failure patients or in patients where bivalirudin elimination is prolonged. Secondly, a ‘rescue therapy/intervention’ algorithm for the swift identification of refractory bleeding post-CPB is also recommended. Rescue therapy agents, such as a 4-Factor PCCs and rFactor VIIa, should be incorporated into the protocol after a robust evidence-based search and agreement with the haematologist. The aim of these recommendations is to reduce the risk of bleeding associated with bivalirudin use for inexperienced institutions and experienced institutions alike, until larger randomized, controlled studies provide more in-depth knowledge to expand our clinical practice.
Sexual Conflict in Human Mating
Authors: Buss David M.
Published: August 2017

Despite interdependent reproductive fates that favor cooperation, males and females exhibit many psychological and behavioral footprints of sexually antagonistic coevolution. These include strategies of deception, sexual exploitation, and sexual infidelity as well as anti-exploitation defenses such as commitment skepticism and emotions such as sexual regret and jealousy. Sexual conflict pervades the mating arena prior to sexual consummation, after a mating relationship has formed, and in the aftermath of a breakup. It also permeates many other social relationships in forms such as daughter-guarding, conflict in opposite-sex friendships, and workplace sexual harassment. As such, sexual conflict constitutes not a narrow or occasional flashpoint but rather persistent threads that run through our intensely group-living species.
The Dynamic Interplay Between Bottom-Up and Top-Down Processes Supporting Prospective Remembering
Authors: Shelton Jill Talley , Scullin Michael K.
Published: August 2017

Like many dual process theories in the psychological sciences, existing models of prospective memory (i.e., remembering to execute future intentions) emphasize the role of singular top-down or bottom-up processes that act in isolation. We argue that top-down and bottom-up processes are interconnected and dynamically interact to support prospective memory. We elaborate on this dynamic multiprocess framework by focusing on recent behavioral, neuroimaging, and eye-tracking research that demonstrated the dynamic nature of monitoring (top-down) and spontaneous retrieval (bottom-up) processes in relation to contextual factors, metacognition, and individual differences. We conclude that identifying how dual processes interact with environmental and individual difference factors is crucial for advancing understanding of cognition and behavior.
Electronic Health Records and Improved Patient Care: Opportunities for Applied Psychology
Authors: Ratwani Raj M.
Published: August 2017

Healthcare is undergoing an unprecedented technology transition from paper medical records to electronic health records (EHRs). While the adoption of EHRs holds tremendous promise for improving efficiency, quality, and safety, there have been numerous challenges that have been largely centered on the technology not meeting the cognitive needs of the clinical end-users. Clinicians are experiencing increased stress and frustration, and new safety hazards have been introduced. There is a significant opportunity for applied psychologists to address many of these challenges. I highlight three key areas: studying and modeling clinician needs, applying theoretically grounded design principles, and developing technology to support teamwork and communication.
Work–Family Enrichment in India: Validation of Work–Family Enrichment Scale
Authors: Rastogi Mansi , Rangnekar Santosh , Rastogi Renu
Published: August 2017

In order to measure the positive side of work–family interface (i.e., work–family facilitation, enrichment, positive spillover and enhancement), a number of instruments have been developed, but majority of those instruments were developed and standardized on Western population. This study is an attempt to validate the Indian version of the work–family enrichment scale (WFES). The WFES was administered to a total of 370 Indian full-time employees from manufacturing and service industry. The psychometric properties were tested using exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, internal consistency, and item analysis and construct validity analysis. The results of the study revealed that psychometric properties of the scale were similar to originally developed scale when applied in Indian context.
Coupled computational fluid and multi-body dynamics suspension boat modeling
Authors: Mousaviraad Maysam , Conger Michael , Bhushan Shanti , Stern Frederick , Peterson Andrew , Ahmadian Mehdi
Published: August 2017

Multiphysics modeling, code development, and validation by full-scale experiments is presented for hydrodynamic/suspension-dynamic interactions of a novel ocean vehicle, the Wave Adaptive Modular Vessel (WAM-V). The boat is a pontoon catamaran with hinged engine pods and elevated payload supported by suspension and articulation systems. Computational fluid dynamics models specific to WAM-V are developed which include hinged pod dynamics, water-jet propulsion modeling, and immersed boundary method for flow in the gap between pontoon and pod. Multi-body dynamics modeling for the suspension and upper-structure dynamic is developed in MATLAB Simulink. Coupled equations of motion are developed and solved iteratively through either one-way or two-way coupling methods to converge on flow-field, pontoon motions, pod motions, waterjet forces, and suspension motions. Validation experiments include cylinder drop with suspended mass and 33-feet WAM-V sea-trials in calm water and waves. Computational results show that two-way coupling is necessary to capture the physics of the interactions. The experimental trends are predicted well and errors are mostly comparable to those for rigid boats, however, in some cases the errors are larger, which is expected due to the complexity of the current studies. Ride quality analyses show that WAM-V suspension is effective in reducing payload vertical accelerations in waves by 73% compared to the same boat with rigid upper-structure.
Between mediation and critique: Quaker nonviolence in apartheid Cape Town, 1976–1990
Authors: Shafer MTC
Published: August 2017

In the final years of legal apartheid, the small community of Quakers in Cape Town, South Africa sought to apply their tradition of political and theological nonviolence to the systematic injustice of their social context. Drawing on archival evidence, this article examines the writings of Hendrik W van der Merwe, a prominent white Afrikaner sociologist, activist, and Quaker. I argue that van der Merwe developed an unusual account of Quaker pacifism that cast nonviolence in terms of engaged mediation rather than civil resistance or critique, and I demonstrate how this ethical and political position required a specific conceptualization of “violence” as an idea in order for its account of peacemaking to be intelligible as an interpretation of that Quaker tradition. The study of the development of van der Merwe's ideas has a twofold significance: it uncovers a form of anti-violence politics that has been widely neglected within political theories of nonviolence and pacifism, and it illuminates the concrete political stakes of ongoing debates about “narrow” and “wide” definitions of violence.
Veto players, policy change, and institutional design
Authors: Dragu Tiberiu , Simpson Hannah K.
Published: August 2017

What institutional arrangements allow veto players to secure maximal welfare when all agree on both the need for and the direction of policy change? To answer this question, we conduct a mechanism design analysis. We focus on a system with two veto players, each with incomplete information about the other’s policy preferences. We show that the unique welfare-maximizing mechanism is the mechanism that implements the preferred policy of the player whose ideal policy is closer to the status quo. We provide examples of institutional structures under which the unique equilibrium outcome of this two-player incomplete information game is the policy outcome implemented by this mechanism, and argue that our result can be used as a normative benchmark to assess the optimality of veto player institutions.
Respiratory diseases in children attending kindergartens: Health-related variables and mothers’ psychological, parental, and marital functioning
Authors: Pedro Catarina R , Freitas Paula P , Papoila Ana L , Dias Sara S , Caires Iolanda , Martins Pedro , Neuparth Nuno
Published: August 2017

This study aimed to examine the differences between mothers of children with and without respiratory problems in variables related to psychological, parental, and marital functioning and to determine which contributed more to parenting stress, because there is a lack of information in this field. Participants were 459 mothers of children attending kindergartens, who accepted to participate. The instruments were The International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood questionnaire, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Parenting Stress Index–Short Form, Parenting Stress Index–Long Form, and Escala de Avaliação da Satisfação em Áreas da Vida Conjugal. Anxiety, depression, and parenting stress were higher in the more symptomatic children and parenting stress was associated with anxiety, depression, and marital satisfaction. Findings support the relevance of children’s respiratory-related variables to mothers’ psychological, parental, and marital functioning.
Accurate cytogenetic biodosimetry through automated dicentric chromosome curation and metaphase cell selection
Authors: Liu Jin , Li Yanxin , Wilkins Ruth , Flegal Farrah , Knoll Joan H.M. , Rogan Peter K.
Published: August 2017

Accurate digital image analysis of abnormal microscopic structures relies on high quality images and on minimizing the rates of false positive (FP) and negative objects in images. Cytogenetic biodosimetry detects dicentric chromosomes (DCs) that arise from exposure to ionizing radiation, and determines radiation dose received based on DC frequency. Improvements in automated DC recognition increase the accuracy of dose estimates by reclassifying FP DCs as monocentric chromosomes or chromosome fragments. We also present image segmentation methods to rank high quality digital metaphase images and eliminate suboptimal metaphase cells. A set of chromosome morphology segmentation methods selectively filtered out FP DCs arising primarily from sister chromatid separation, chromosome fragmentation, and cellular debris. This reduced FPs by an average of 55% and was highly specific to these abnormal structures (≥97.7%) in three samples. Additional filters selectively removed images with incomplete, highly overlapped, or missing metaphase cells, or with poor overall chromosome morphologies that increased FP rates. Image selection is optimized and FP DCs are minimized by combining multiple feature based segmentation filters and a novel image sorting procedure based on the known distribution of chromosome lengths. Applying the same image segmentation filtering procedures to both calibration and test samples reduced the average dose estimation error from 0.4 Gy to <0.2 Gy, obviating the need to first manually review these images. This reliable and scalable solution enables batch processing for multiple samples of unknown dose, and meets current requirements for triage radiation biodosimetry of high quality metaphase cell preparations.
Throughfall quantity and carbon input beneath canopy gaps of varying size in degraded tropical peatland forest of West Kalimantan, Indonesia
Authors: ASTIANI DWI , CURRAN LISA M. , MUJIMAN MUJIMAN , SALIM RUSPITA
Published: August 2017

Astiani D, Curran Lm, Mujiman, Salim R. 2017. Throughfall quantity and carbon input beneath canopy gaps of varying size in degraded tropical peatland forest of West Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 18: 1258-1264. Tropical peatland forest ecology, is mostly determined by peatland hydrological conditions. However, deforestation, forest degradation, or any other environmental disturbance can transform hydrological patterns and processes for peatland water movement, and thus alter carbon flow via water in this type of ecosystem. These changes arise from alteration in the quantity of throughfall (water that falls through plant canopies), in its interception, and in its evaporation to the atmosphere from vegetation surfaces. We have investigated the effects of a gradient of forest degradation levels, represented by canopy gaps (open, intermediate and closed), on throughfall quantity to the peatland forest floor. Nine plots, 50m x 50m in size, were stratified into the three forest canopy gap classes. Nine bucket collectors were used for throughfall, and tipping bucket rain gauges were set up for precipitation monitoring. Results show that annual precipitation in the area was 3,168.8 Â± 111.3 mm, with a mean monthly rainfall of 264.0 Â± 15.3 mm. Throughfall monitoring demonstrated that closed canopies transferred significantly more water as throughfall than intermediate or open canopies, due to differences in their effect on water movement through the canopies. The proportion of precipitation that passed through the canopies to the forest floor as throughfall was measured to be 76.5%, 77.3% and 89.4 %, or 202, 204 and 236 mm per month, respectively for open, intermediate, and closed canopies. It was found that higher levels of canopy cover resulted in significantly higher amounts of total organic carbon (TOC) content per unit of throughfall; specifically, 2.5 2.8 and 3.4 mg L-1 respectively for the open, intermediate, and closed canopies. When coupled with the higher quantity of throughfall in the closed canopy, the higher concentration of carbon results in a greater amount of carbon brought to the peatland forest floor by the throughfall pathway. This could also have impacts for other nutrients in the peatland soil.
Physiological responses of some local cowpea from Southwest Maluku (Indonesia) varieties to drought stress
Authors: KARUWAL RITHA LUSIAN , SUHARSONO SUHARSONO , TJAHJOLEKSONO ARIS , HANIF NOVRIYANDI
Published: August 2017

Karuwal Rl, Suharsono, Tjahjoleksono A, Hanif N. 2017. Physiological responses of some local cowpea from Southwest Maluku (Indonesia) varieties to drought stress. Biodiversitas 18: 1294-1299. The aim of this study was to analyze the physiological responses of some local cowpea from Southwest Maluku (Indonesia) varieties to drought stress. The physiological responses were analyzed by measuring plant height, number of leaves, relative water content (RWC), and chlorophyll content using Anova and were continued with Duncan test at 5% significance level. Results of this research showed that the varieties and drought stress in the form of watering periods to affect to all variables except plant height. Physiological responses showed that at every ten days watering periods, the crimson varieties gives the highest plant height (33.85 cm), the brown varieties gives the highest number of leaves (30), the dark brown varieties have the highest RWC (88.675%), and the highest content of chlorophyll a (0.5088 mg/L), chlorophyll b (1.595 mg/L), and total chlorophyll (1.5095 mg/L) are found in white varieties. The supply of water at every ten days is the optimum time of drought stress in cowpea. Further research will be needed on the responses of the other variables for screening, selection, then multi-location trials to obtain tolerant local cowpea varieties to drought.
Pembuatan Ba0,8Sr0,2TiO3 menggunakan Metode Co-precipitation dengan Variasi Suhu Sintering
Authors: Nita Isma Alvia , Iriani Yofentina , Nurosyid Fahru
Published: August 2017

Ba0,8Sr0,2TiO3 was made by co-precipitation method with the sintering temperature of 600oC, 700oC, 800oC and 900oC for 4 hours. Sintering temperature was varied to investigate its effect on microstructure and dielectric constant of Ba0,8Sr0,2TiO3. microstructure characterization was performed by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) instrument. Dielectric constant characterization was perform by LCR meter. The crystal size increased significantly with increasing sintering temperature. Measurements of dielectric constant were performed at range of frequency 0.01 to 100 KHz. Dielectric constant value is highest at the lowest frequency. Dielectric constant value size increased significantly with increasing sintering temperature.
ANALYSIS OF THE STRESS CHARACTERISTICS OF CFG PILE COMPOSITE FOUNDATION UNDER IRREGULARITY CONDITION
Authors: Chengzhong Yang , Kai Ni , Shufang Wang
Published: August 2017

By the excitation load function corresponding to the irregularity management standard the vertical load of the train is simulated. Based on the finite difference software FLAC3D the three-dimensional dynamic coupling finite difference model of track-embankment-pile-soil composite foundation is established. Focuses on the analysis of the dynamic response characteristics of the embankment, pile and soil foundation caused by the change of foundation, pile and cushion elastic modulus and cushion thickness. Results show: by the excitation load, the centre pile dynamic stresses are maximum, piles dynamic stress away from the centre side pile decreases gradually. The dynamic response of the pile and soil caused by subgrade surface elastic modulus variation has a little effect with more obvious by the cushion effect. With the increase of elastic modulus and thickness of cushion, the dynamic interaction between pile and cushion is increased while the dynamic interaction between soil and cushion is weakened. Therefore, the bearing capacity of the pile is fully utilized. With the increase of the elastic modulus of the pile, the dynamic stress of pile top increases correspondingly, but the dynamic stress increases gradually, and the pile bears most of the load, thus effectively reduce the dynamic load of the foundation soil.
STUDY ON THE BLASTING SEISMIC DAMAGE CONTROL TECHNOLOGY FOR SMALL SPACING SOFT ROCK TUNNEL
Authors: Chengzhong Yang , Xiaoyu Wang , Shufang Wang , Wei Chen
Published: August 2017

With a lot construction of transportation infrastructure in Chinese mountainous area, because of its unique advantages such as less land occupation, beautiful appearance and convenient route planning, small spacing tunnels are widely used. The shallow buried tunnel with small spacing, the blasting excavation will lead to tunnel surrounding rock especially in the middle rock wall damage and reduce the self-bearing capacity of surrounding rock. Through detecting and analyzing by the geological radar of the excavated red layer soft rock tunnel surrounding rock found that the middle rock wall loose circle thickness of the tunnel reaches to 1.8 m, the vault and sidewall loose circle thickness is about 1.2 m. Through selection of rational strengthening measures and blasting design scheme to improve drilling parameters and methods, as far as possible to protect the integrity and self-bearing capacity of the surrounding rock, the deformation and vibration of the tunnel would be controlled in reasonable limits and ensure the safety of tunnel construction.
MONITORING AND CONTROLLING ON SURFACE SETTLEMENT IN SAND AND GRAVEL STRATA CAUSED BY SUBWAY STATION CONSTRUCTION APPLYING PIPE-ROOF PRE-CONSTRUCTION METHOD (PPM)
Authors: Yang Xian , Liu Yang
Published: August 2017

Pipe-roof Pre-construction Method (PPM) is regarded as a safer method to construct underground space, especially suitable for the construction sites with dense surface buildings, underground pipelines and complicated geological conditions. Xinleyizhi Station of Shenyang Metro constructed by PPM. In order to ensure safety in construction, the whole construction process was closely monitored. In this paper, monitoring results of surface settlement in PPM is analyzed. According to the monitoring results, the most serious settlement occurred in pipes jacking, which was the first and the most crucial step in PPM. The settlement reasons in each step are discussed, and controlling methods of surface settlement in each step are elaborated. Through close monitoring and timely control, the construction of Xinleyizhi Station completed smoothly. Because of the obvious advantages of PPM, the method will be used more widely in construction of shallow buried excavation under complicated surrounding and geological conditions.
Das übergangene Wissen
Authors: Exo Mechthild
Published: August 2017

Afghanische basisdemokratische und feministische Akteure äußern deutlich ihren Widerspruch zum externen Peacebuilding - doch sie werden nicht gehört. Ihre Analysen und Ideen werden von Politik und Wissenschaft weitgehend ausgeschlossen. Darin schlägt sich, so kann Mechthild Exo zeigen, die koloniale, epistemische Gewalt in der Weltpolitik nieder. Anschaulich und lebendig stellt sie das »unerwünschte Wissen« von vier afghanischen Organisationen vor, die in der künstlerischen Menschenrechtsarbeit, der feministischen Frauenorganisierung seit den 1970ern mit RAWA, dem Kampf gegen die Straflosigkeit von Kriegsverbrechern beziehungsweise dem besatzungskritischen Aufbau demokratischer Strukturen tätig sind. Die Studie ist eine bahnbrechende Pionierarbeit der dekolonialen Friedensforschung.