bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Endovascular maneuvers for contralateral stent graft limb misplacement in endovascular aortic repair
Authors: Schulte Katrin , Zdoroveac Andrei , Gürke Lorenz , Isaak Andrej
Published: September 2023

Cannulation and placement of the contralateral stent graft limb during endovascular aortic repair (EVAR) procedure are crucial steps as mispositioning may lead to conversion to open aortic repair. Endovascular bail‐out strategies for stent graft relocation in EVAR are underreported though detailed knowledge may facilitate application and prevent conversion. We present three endovascular bail‐out strategies for repositioning of a mispositioned contralateral stent graft limb. (1) Retraction of the mispositioned component with an inflated reliant balloon and placement of an interposition stent graft after successful cannulation; (2) Push‐maneuver of the mispositioned stent graft into the infrarenal aortic aneurysm with an inflated reliant balloon supported by a large lumen introducer sheath and (3) Parallel placement of a second contralateral stent graft limb displacing the mispositioned one against the atrial wall in cases with adequate vessel diameter. Prevention of stent graft mispositioning by applying recognized tests to ensure correct placement are essential, following the slogan: check twice, deploy once.
Unsaturated bi‐heterometal clusters in metal‐vacancy sites of 2D MoS2 for efficient hydrogen evolution
Authors: Shao Gonglei , Xu Jie , Gao Shasha , Zhang Zhang , Liu Song , Zhang Xu , Zhou Zhen
Published: September 2023

The valence states and coordination structures of doped heterometal atoms in two‐dimensional (2D) nanomaterials lack predictable regulation strategies. Hence, a robust method is proposed to form unsaturated heteroatom clusters via the metal‐vacancy restraint mechanism, which can precisely regulate the bonding and valence state of heterometal atoms doped in 2D molybdenum disulfide. The unsaturated valence state of heterometal Pt and Ru cluster atoms form a spatial coordination structure with Pt–S and Ru–O–S as catalytically active sites. Among them, the strong binding energy of negatively charged suspended S and O sites for H+, as well as the weak adsorption of positively charged unsaturated heterometal atoms for H*, reduces the energy barrier of the hydrogen evolution reaction proved by theoretical calculation. Whereupon, the electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution performance is markedly improved by the ensemble effect of unsaturated heterometal atoms and highlighted with an overpotential of 84 mV and Tafel slope of 68.5 mV dec−1. In brief, this metal vacancy‐induced valence state regulation of heterometal can manipulate the coordination structure and catalytic activity of heterometal atoms doped in the 2D atomic lattice but not limited to 2D nanomaterials.
Metal‐Free Tunable 1,2‐Difunctionalization of Terminal Alkynes: Synthesis of β‐Substituted α,β‐Unsaturated Ketones
Authors: Bhat Muneer‐Ul‐Shafi , Ganie Majid Ahmad , Shah Bhahwal Ali
Published: September 2023

A metal‐free tunable 1,2‐difunctionalization of the terminal alkynes showcasing a tandem installation of C−C and C−S bonds has been developed. The key enabling factor for the approach is the use of acetic acid as an acyl source to synthesize β‐substituted α,β‐unsaturated ketones. The reaction at room temperature leads to the regioselective acylation at the terminal carbon of alkynes, whereas at −78 °C, the acylation occurs at the more substituted carbon.
Stimuli‐Responsive Properties on a Bisbenzofuropyrazine Core: Mechanochromism and Concentration‐Controlled Vapochromism
Authors: Nakamura Shotaro , Okubo Kohei , Nishii Yuji , Hirano Koji , Tohnai Norimitsu , Miura Masahiro
Published: September 2023

Stimulus‐responsive organic materials with luminescence switching properties have attracted considerable attention for their practical applications in sensing, security, and display devices. In this paper, bent‐type bisbenzofuropyrazine derivatives, Bent‐H and Bent‐sBu, with good solubilities were synthesized, and their physical and optical properties were investigated in detail. Bent‐H gave three crystalline polymorphs, and they showed different luminescence properties depending on their crystal packing structures. In addition, Bent‐H exhibited mechanochromic luminescence in spite of its rigid skeleton. Bent‐sBu exhibited unique concentration‐dependent vapochromic luminescence. Ground Bent‐sBu was converted to blue‐emissive, green‐emissive, and green‐emissive high‐viscosity solution states at low, moderate, and high concentrations of CHCl3 vapor, respectively. This finding represents a concentration‐dependent multi‐phase transition with an organic solvent, which is of potent interest for application in sensing systems.
Acid⋅⋅⋅Amide Supramolecular Synthon for Tuning Amino Acid‐Based Hydrogels’ Properties
Authors: Veronese Eleonora , Pigliacelli Claudia , Bergamaschi Greta , Terraneo Giancarlo , Dichiarante Valentina , Metrangolo Pierangelo
Published: September 2023

Invited for the cover of this issue is the Laboratory of Supramolecular and Bio‐Nanomaterials, coordinated by Pierangelo Metrangolo, at the Politecnico di Milano, Italy. The image depicts the co‐crystal formed by N‐Fmoc‐pentafluorophenylalanine and benzamide, which is also involved in the formation of their mixed hydrogels. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.202301743.
Advancing community–academic partnerships to achieve breast health equity: Applying the community‐based participatory model to build capacity for sustained impact
Authors: Glaser Kathryn M. , Dauphin Cassy , Johnson Detric , Harris Narseary , Crabtree‐Ide Christina R. , Bouchard Elizabeth G.
Published: September 2023

Background

This formative study leveraged a community–academic partnership to identify barriers to care that are potential sources of breast cancer disparities in Black women. Through this partnership and using a community‐based participatory research approach, the objective was to develop a community task force to inform future interventions aimed at addressing breast cancer disparities and increasing health equity.

Methods

The authors assessed gaps in care related to breast cancer in Buffalo, New York, by collecting and analyzing qualitative data from focus groups and interviews with breast cancer survivors and breast navigation groups assessing barriers and facilitators across the cancer care continuum. Then, community‐based participatory research approaches were used to build a task force to develop an action plan addressing gaps in care.

Results

The authors conducted a thematic analysis of qualitative findings to understand barriers and facilitators to cancer care. Three main domains of themes emerged, including medical mistrust, fear, and stigma; the importance of patient navigation as a form of social support; and the importance of faith and faith‐based community. Finally, the findings were presented to a newly formed community task force to validate the data collected and set future priorities to address breast cancer disparities and increase breast health equity in the region.

Conclusions

The authors observed that health equity is a critically important issue in cancer care and that developing culturally tailored interventions has the potential to improve care delivery and reduce breast cancer disparities. Learning from and working with community members helps set the future agenda related to health equity.

Plain Language Summary

Our overall goal was to assess gaps in breast cancer care in Buffalo, New York, and to use community‐based participatory approaches to build a task force to work toward breast health equity.

Recent and historical data indicate that the Western New York community is facing a continued wide gap in breast cancer mortality trends between Black and White patients.

We collected qualitative data to understand potential sources of inequity related to breast cancer and presented findings to a community task force to set future priorities for addressing breast cancer disparities and increasing breast health equity in our region.
Thermodynamic limit of the first Lee‐Yang zero
Authors: Jiang Jianping , Newman Charles M.
Published: September 2023

We complete the verification of the 1952 Yang and Lee proposal that thermodynamic singularities are exactly the limits in of finite‐volume singularities in . For the Ising model defined on a finite at inverse temperature and external field h, let be the modulus of the first zero (that closest to the origin) of its partition function (in the variable h). We prove that decreases to as Λ increases to where is the radius of the largest disk centered at the origin in which the free energy in the thermodynamic limit is analytic. We also note that is strictly positive if and only if β is strictly less than the critical inverse temperature.
Comparison of Pharmacokinetics and Bioavailability of Fixed‐Dose Combination Tablet and Monotherapy Combination of Allisartan Isoproxil and Indapamide Sustained‐Release in Healthy Chinese Volunteers
Authors: Fan Ni , Gongmin Zhou , Wenming Cheng , Jiao Yang , Ruijie Zhang , Yan Chen , Xiangming Tong , Yi Wu
Published: September 2023

This study aimed to compare the pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of 2 formulations: a fixed‐dose combination tablet containing allisartan isoproxil (AI) and indapamide sustained‐release (SR), and a monotherapy combination of AI and indapamide SR, in healthy Chinese subjects. A monocentric, open‐label, single‐dose, randomized, 2‐way crossover study design was implemented. A total of 38 healthy male and female volunteers were equally divided into 2 treatment sequences. The analysis of plasma concentrations was conducted using a nonstereospecific liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometric method. The primary pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using a noncompartmental model. Safety assessments were performed throughout the study. For the fixed‐dose combination and monotherapy combination, the mean values of EXP3174 (metabolite of AI) Cmax, AUC0‒t, and AUC0‐∞ were 987 and 999 ng/mL, 8059 and 7749 ng/mL h, and 8332 and 8007 ng/mL h, respectively. The corresponding values for indapamide were 27 and 32 ng/mL, 1002 and 1105 ng/mL h, and 1080 and 1172 ng/mL h. No serious adverse events were reported during the study. The combination tablet containing 240 mg of AI and 1.5 mg of indapamide SR met the bioequivalence standards. Additionally, both formulations were tolerated and had good safety profiles in the research.
Group schema therapy for cluster‐C personality disorders: A multicentre open pilot study
Authors: Wibbelink Carlijn J. M. , Venhuizen Anne‐Sophie S. M. , Grasman Raoul P. P. P. , Bachrach Nathan , van den Hengel Charlotte , Hudepohl Sandy , Kunst Liselotte , de Lange Hinde , Louter Mark A. , Matthijssen Suzy J. M. A. , Schaling Arita , Walhout Simone , Wichers Karen (Renske) , Arntz Arnoud
Published: September 2023

Background

Group schema therapy (GST) is increasingly popular as a treatment for personality disorders (PDs), including Cluster‐C PDs. Individual ST has proven to be effective for Cluster‐C PD patients, while the evidence for GST is limited. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of GST for Cluster‐C PD. Moreover, differences between the specific Cluster‐C PDs (avoidant PD, dependent PD and obsessive‐compulsive PD) were explored.

Methods

A multicentre open trial was conducted, including 137 patients with a Cluster‐C PD (avoidant PD: n = 107, dependent PD: n = 11 and obsessive‐compulsive PD: n = 19). Patients received 30 weekly GST sessions with a maximum of 180 min of individual ST and five optional monthly booster sessions. Outcome measures including Cluster‐C PD severity, general psychopathological symptoms, quality of life, functional impairment, happiness, PD‐related beliefs, self‐esteem, self‐ideal discrepancy, schemas and schema modes were assessed at baseline until 2‐year follow‐up with semi‐structured interviews and self‐report measures. Change over time and differences between the specific Cluster‐C PDs were analysed with mixed regression analyses.

Results

The outcome measures showed significant improvements for all Cluster‐C PDs, with medium to large effect sizes after 2 years. A treatment dropout rate of 11.7% was found. There were some indications for differences between the Cluster‐C PDs in severity at baseline, change trajectories and effectiveness of GST.

Conclusions

This study demonstrated that GST is a promising treatment for Cluster‐C PDs. The following step is a randomized controlled trial to further document the (cost‐)effectiveness of GST.
The emotionally exhausted treating the mentally unwell? A systematic review of burnout and stress interventions for psychologists
Authors: Bell Caitlin , Roberts Genevieve L. R. , Millear Prudence M. , Allen Andrew , Wood Andrew P. , Kannis‐Dymand Lee , Jona Celine M. , Mason Jonathan
Published: September 2023

Healthcare providers are at high risk of occupational burnout, which has negative implications on the individual, their profession, the organisation and their patients. Psychologists are particularly susceptible to the repercussions of burnout due to the emotionally draining nature and content of their work. However, research has failed to outline and evaluate effective interventions for burnout within the profession. This study aimed to investigate the treatment effectiveness of burnout through a systematic literature review. Systematic searches of four databases using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐analysis (PRISMA) guidelines were conducted. A total of 4832 articles were identified, and 15 were included in the final analysis. The search was limited to scholarly and peer‐reviewed journals published in the English language, which measured and utilised a form of intervention for the treatment of burnout or stress and included participants within the psychology profession. Interventions identified included mindfulness, training courses, self‐care and other therapy‐based forms of interventions. Approximately 60% of study participants reported moderate to high levels of stress. Interventions were largely variable in modality, frequency and duration of sessions and follow‐up period. Of the 15 studies included within the review, only four measured burnout as an outcome variable, while the others measured stress. Findings of this systematic review indicate that mindfulness‐based interventions may be a starting point for reducing stress; however, the most effective intervention for psychologists who have reached burnout is largely unclear. It is recommended that future studies focus on the identification and measurement of burnout, are more rigorously designed and reported and consider peer‐based online support approaches.
First‐Principles Calculations to Investigate Electronic, Elastic, Magnetic, and Optical Properties for B1, B2, and B3 Phase for Sr0.875Mn0.125O with and Without Relaxation Structure
Authors: Kerbouche Aouali , Mebrek Moued , Zemouli Mustapha , Berber Mohamed , Souar Zeggai , Benallou Yassine , Elkeurti Mohammed
Published: September 2023

In this work, the structural, electronic, elastic, optical, and magnetic properties for the B1, B2, and B3 phases of Sr0.875Mn0.125O with relaxed structure (RS) and unrelaxed structure (URS) are investigated. The investigations are accomplished by the adoption of first‐principle methods established on spin‐polarized density functional theory, based on the full‐potential linearized augmented plane wave method as implemented in the WIEN2k code, where the electronic exchange‐correlation potential is studied by the Perdew–Burke–Ernzerhof generalized gradient approximation (GGA‐PBEsol) and the revised TB‐mBJ rapprochement. The negative formation energy and elastic constant that are acquired indicate the thermodynamical and mechanical stability of all these structures. The ternary Sr0.875Mn0.125O alloys for all structures show half‐metallic ferromagnetic behavior with a spin polarization of 100 % at the Fermi level, except the B2 phase without unrelaxed structure (URS). The total magnetic moments are 5 µB for all compounds and the interaction is ferromagnetic between Mn─Sr and Mn─O sites. Optical properties such as refractive index and the optical reflectivity for these alloys are computed and discussed. These materials are half‐metallic ferromagnets, and they can be desirable applicants for spintronics implementations and ultraviolet spectra.
Enhanced Sodium Ion Batteries′ Performance: Optimal Strategies on Electrolytes for Different Carbon‐based Anodes
Authors: Liu Lu , Bashir Shahid , Ling Goh Zhi , Hoe Loh Kah , Liew Jerome , Kasi Ramesh , Subramaniam Ramesh T.
Published: September 2023

Carbon‐based materials have emerged as promising anodes for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) due to the merits of cost‐effectiveness and renewability. However, the unsatisfactory performance has hindered the commercialization of SIBs. During the past decades, tremendous attention has been put into enhancing the electrochemical performance of carbon‐based anodes from the perspective of improving the compatibility of electrolytes and electrodes. Hence, a systematic summary of strategies for optimizing electrolytes between hard carbon, graphite, and other structural carbon anodes of SIBs is provided. The formulations and properties of electrolytes with solvents, salts, and additives added are comprehensively presented, which are closely related to the formation of solid electrolyte interface (SEI) and crucial to the sodium ion storage performance. Cost analysis of commonly used electrolytes has been provided as well. This review is anticipated to provide guidance in future rational tailoring of electrolytes with carbon‐based anodes for sodium‐ion batteries.
Insulin‐mimetic peptides in sports drug testing
Authors: Thomas Andreas , Krombholz Sophia , Breuer Johanna , Walpurgis Katja , Thevis Mario
Published: September 2023

Because of its influence on carbohydrate metabolism and, at the same time, anti‐catabolic effects, the misuse of the peptide hormone insulin and its synthetic analogs is prohibited in sports at all times according to the regulations of the World Anti‐Doping Agency (WADA). The biological effects of insulin and its analogs are mediated through binding to the insulin receptor, which was also found to be activated by different peptides structurally largely unrelated to insulin. Such insulin‐mimetic peptides or selective‐insulin receptor modulators (SIRMs) represent a novel class of potential performance‐enhancing agents, which is currently not explicitly mentioned on the WADA Prohibited List. Within this research project, advanced solid‐phase extraction (SPE) and liquid chromatography coupled to high‐resolution tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐HRMS/MS) were employed to develop a fast, reliable, and specific assay for the detection of the insulin‐mimetic peptides S597 and S519 from plasma. Method validation demonstrated a detection limit of 0.5 ng/mL and successfully illustrated the applicability of the approach to routine sports drug testing programs. Moreover, sophisticated and comprehensive in vitro metabolism experiments were conducted, and several metabolic degradation products were identified, which will enhance the information generated from future analyses of doping control samples.
Do ecosystems have functions?
Authors: Krohs Ulrich , Zimmer Martin
Published: September 2023

‘Ecosystem function’ and ‘ecosystem functioning’ became core keywords in the ecological literature on ecosystems, their structure, development and integrity. We investigate functions from the perspective of causal contributions to higher capacities, as selected effects, as contributions to the stability and self‐maintenance of organisms and as type‐fixed effects. Based on an in‐depth discourse in philosophy of science, we conclude that ecosystems do not have functions in any sense that goes beyond a mere description of a causal contribution. We recommend the terms ‘ecosystem function’ and ‘ecosystem functioning’ be avoided in the ecological literature (and beyond).
Epigenetic architecture of Pseudotaxus chienii: Revealing the synergistic effects of climate and soil variables
Authors: Su Yingjuan , Liu Li , Deng Qi , Lü Zhuyan , Wang Zhen , He Ziqing , Wang Ting
Published: September 2023

Whether conifers can withstand environmental changes especially temperature fluctuations has been controversial. Epigenetic analysis may provide new perspectives for solving the issue. Pseudotaxus chienii is an endangered gymnosperm species endemic to China. In this study, we have examined the genetic and epigenetic variations in its natural populations aiming to disentangle the synergistic effects of climate and soil on its population (epi)genetic differentiation by using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and methylation‐sensitive AFLP (MSAP) techniques. We identified 23 AFLP and 26, 7, and 5 MSAP outliers in P. chienii. Twenty‐one of the putative adaptive AFLP loci were found associated with climate and/or soil variables including precipitation, temperature, K, Fe, Zn, and Cu, whereas 21, 7, and 4 MSAP outliers were significantly related to precipitation of wettest month (Bio13), precipitation driest of month (Bio14), percent tree cover (PTC), and soil Fe, Mn, and Cu compositions. Total precipitation and precipitation in the driest seasons were the most influential factors for genetic and epigenetic variation, respectively. In addition, a high full‐methylation level and a strong correlation between genetic and epigenetic variation were detected in P. chienii. Climate is found of greater importance than soil in shaping adaptive (epi)genetic differentiation, and the synergistic effects of climate and climate–soil variables were also observed. The identified climate and soil variables should be considered when applying ex situ conservation.
Synthesis and Electrochemical Investigation of Phosphine Substituted Diiron Phosphadithiolate Complexes
Authors: Guseva Tatiana , Gerschel Philipp , Siegmund Daniel , Apfel Ulf‐Peter
Published: September 2023

This work reports on ligand exchange reactions between a [FeFe] hydrogenase model containing the higher homologue (PhosDT) and phosphines selected to cover a variety of electronic properties and possible coordination modes. Additionally, the amount of the phosphines and the reaction temperature were varied to study the formation of complexes with multiple phosphines or altered binding modes. Due to steric effects caused by the position of the bridgehead, the phosphines bind preferentially at the more accessible iron centre on the phosphinate averted side. While all ligand exchanges resulted in a ligand‐specific main product at room temperature, reflux conditions induced decomposition in case of PhosDT‐(κ2‐dppe) and PhosDT‐(κ2‐dppv) and a change in the binding mode for the dppm containing complex. Moreover, we highlight two novel iron complexes obtained as side products of the reactions with dppe and dppv, while in case of dppm an additional model with two bridging phosphine ligands was generated. Finally, the six novel phosphine substituted PhosDT models were electrochemically investigated, revealing a cathodic shift compared to the starting material due to the increased electron density at the iron atoms. Moreover, the models with monodentate ligands exhibit a different CV pattern for the FeIFeI/FeIFe0 process than complexes with bidentate phosphines.
Fabrication of NiSe2 decorated graphene oxide nanocomposite modified electrode as a high performance electrochemical sensor for carbamazepine
Authors: Agadi Naveenkumar P. , Tandel Ranjita , Seetharamappa Jaldappagari , Kalanur Shankara
Published: September 2023

Recently, semiconductor nanomaterials have gained interest amongst researchers because of their good electrocatalytic properties. Two dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenide materials, NiSe2 have good physical, chemical, and transport properties for sensing applications. The present work demonstrates the fabrication of NiSe2‐graphene oxide (NiSe2−GO) modified glassy carbon electrode for the determination of carbamazepine (CBZ). The prepared nanocomposite was characterized by XRD, SEM and FT‐IR spectral methods. CBZ exhibited an irreversible oxidation peak at 0.85 V on NiSe2−GO/GCE in phosphate buffer of pH 7.0. A 54‐fold enhancement in oxidation peak current was observed at NiSe2−GO/GCE when compared to that at bare GCE. Sensing performance of NiSe2−GO/GCE was optimized by varying peak current dependent parameters. Linear relationship between the peak current and concentration of CBZ was observed in the range of 4.50×10−8–3.22×10−5 mol L−1 for differential pulse voltammetric method and 2.32×10−8–4.79×10−5 mol L−1 for square wave voltammetric method. The practical utility of the proposed sensor, was demonstrated by determining CBZ in pharmaceutical formulations and spiked urine samples.
Green synthesis of silver‐doped metal hexacyanoferrates nanostructures for efficient cleanup of endocrine‐disrupting pesticides
Authors: Rani Manviri , Choudhary Sudha , Shanker Uma
Published: September 2023

Herein, inexpensive and eco‐friendly approach for the green synthesis of silver‐doped metal hexacyanoferrates (Ag@MHCFs) nanocomposite using green tea extract has been reported. Silver‐doped MHCF nanocatalysts were used to photo‐degradation endocrine disruptor pesticides, namely endosulfan (ES) and atrazine (AT), from water under direct Sunlight. Spectroscopic and electron microscopic techniques confirmed the successful synthesis of nanomaterials. Ag@FeHCF observed maximum degradation efficiency due to their high surface area (89.3 m2g−1), significant zeta potential (−43.4 mV), lower band gap (1.5 eV), and low photoluminescence intensity as compared to other Ag doped MHCFs. Best degradation results showed with concentration amount (5 mg L−1), dose (20 mg of ES; 15 mg of AT), at neutral pH under sunlight irradiation. Degradation up to 98% for ES and 96% for AT was reported. The degradation ensued by Langmuir adsorption and first‐order kinetics. GC–MS analysis showed the degradation of pesticides into CO2, H2O, and harmless minor metabolites under Sunlight. Ag@FeHCF have indicated high reusability (n = 10), ensuring their charge separation, stability, and sustainability. Ag@MHCF nanoparticles may show as substitute catalysts for industrial use with a fervent scope.
Debris‐flow fan development and geomorphic effects in alpine canyons under a changing climate
Authors: Hou Weipeng , Yu Guo‐An
Published: September 2023

Debris flows in alpine environments are prone to occur in the context of global climate change (i.e., elevated air temperature and higher frequency of strong precipitation events). (Alluvial) Fans often develop at the outlet of tributaries after high‐intensity debris flows. Most debris‐flow fans in alpine canyon areas extend directly to the main river channel and become the forefront of the interaction between the tributary gully and the main river channel. Clarifying the development processes/dynamics, evolutionary mechanisms and driving factors of alluvial fans would shed light on understanding the geomorphological effects and genesis of river valleys in alpine canyon areas. Here, we report the development of debris‐flow fan at the outlet of the Tianmo Gully, a formerly hazard‐free but currently hazard‐active tributary of the Parlung Tsangpo Basin, Southeast Tibet, where debris flows have occurred frequently in the last two decades. Combining remote‐sensing images, DEM data, UAV aerial photography, RTK topographic survey and other fieldwork, the development processes and morphological characteristics of the Tianmo fan under the influence of four large debris flows were analysed. Both primary events (described as episodic debris‐flow events characterized by high‐magnitude mass movement) and secondary events (corresponding to perennial stream flow processes with much lower sediment concentrations) affected the development of the Tianmo fan. Episodic debris‐flow events drastically shape the macroscopic morphology of the fan, with rapid deposition and expansion of the fan body, whereas perennial stream flow processes slowly modulate the fan during the intermittent period between debris flows, mainly with gradual retrogressive incision and lateral migration of flow channel on the fan body. Influenced by the strong sediment‐transport process of debris flows and the alluvial fan development, the planform of the Parlung Tsangpo River evolved from a relatively narrow and single‐thread pattern to an alternating‐wide‐and‐narrow pattern, with a corresponding staircase‐like longitudinal profile.
Association of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and carotid media‐intima thickness: A systematic review and a meta‐analysis
Authors: Khoshbaten Manouchehr , Maleki Sepideh H. , Hadad Sara , Baral Amrit , Rocha Ana V. , Poudel Laxmi , Abdshah Alireza
Published: September 2023

Introduction

The relationship between cardiovascular disorders and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been extensively studied. To better pool this data and make a more definite conclusion, we performed a meta‐analysis to evaluate the association between NAFLD and the thickness of media and intima of carotid artery (CIMT) and cardiovascular disorders.

Methods

We searched PubMed, Ovid, Scopus, ProQuest, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library, and analyzed the pooled data using R studio and the “metafor” package.

Results

The final analysis included a total of 59 studies with 16,179 cases and 26,120 control individuals. NAFLD was shown to be associated with an increase of 0.1231 mm (20.6%) in carotid artery intima‐media thickness (CIMT) (p = 0.002, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.0462–0.2000) in individuals with NAFLD. The prevalence of atherosclerotic plaques in the carotid arteries and the occurrence of NAFLD are significantly correlated, according to a meta‐analysis based on 17 distinct studies (p = 0.001, 1.28–1.43, 95% CI, odds ratio = 1.356).

Conclusion

Patients with increased CIMT are considerably more likely to have NAFLD. Large prospective investigations are required to corroborate these findings and their prognostic significance, along with the effectiveness of the available interventions.
CFD analysis of the effects of flow and thermal oscillations in heat transfer of impinging jet
Authors: Suyambazhahan S. , Sathyanarayanan S. , Asok S. P. , Narayanan K. V.
Published: September 2023

A horizontal laminar buoyant impinging slot jet on an isothermal vertical plate was analyzed using ASNYS‐Fluent simulation software. The study mainly focused on oscillations of velocity and temperature occurring in the laminar regime of a jet shear layer to investigate the effect of oscillations in heat transfer. The SIMPLE technique with finite volume method is used based on a semi‐staggered mesh created. The predicted simulation results of heat transfer data and Strouhal number for isothermal jet flow against Reynolds number on jet impingement are validated with literature results. The predicted numerical study results are in good agreement with the experimental results. Subsequently, the parametric study is carried out to investigate the periodic oscillations that occur in the jet structure (shear layer). The results show that the standoff distance (H) and Reynolds number play a vital role in the critical transition of periodic to nonperiodic oscillations. Also, the nature of jet oscillations is more significant based on buoyancy in the jet flow and it is observed that in the mixed convective regime, an earlier transition from periodic to nonperiodic occurs as the oscillation frequency reduces which affected impingement heat transfer in low‐speed jets. Small standoff distances (H < 10) resulted in better heat transfer.
Theranostic applications of biomolecule‐responsive aggregation‐induced emission luminogens
Authors: Liao Yanan , Peng Zhen , Liu Xiaolin , Hu Yubing , Zhang Jing
Published: September 2023

Highly sensitive and high‐accuracy detection of biomolecular changes is vital for the early diagnosis and treatment of diverse diseases. Due to their unique advantages and the broad application prospects in biomolecular detection, aggregation‐induced emission luminogens (AIEgens) have especially attracted the attention of related researchers. In recent years, the development of AIEgens has been increasingly rapid and a myriad of related AIEgens have been reported. This review thus presents a systematic overview on the theranostic applications of biomolecule‐responsive AIEgens based on four representative types, including enzymes, reactive nitrogen species, reactive oxygen species and biological thiols. In each type, we provide detailed elucidation of the associated design strategies, discuss the pertinent responsive mechanisms and present the corresponding diagnostic and therapeutic applications in cancer, inflammation and organic injury. Additionally, the main findings are summarized and the existing limitations and promising directions for future research in this field are also outlined. Through this review, we hope to provide inspiration for researchers in related fields to design new biomolecule‐responsive fluorescent materials for clinical diagnosis and therapy of diseases.
Reduced access to reinforcement drives delay discounting during experienced delays
Authors: Macaskill Anne C. , Thompson‐Davies Kendra , Hunt Maree J.
Published: September 2023

Rewards lose value as a function of delay. Previous studies suggest that delays have a bigger effect on reward value when people must wait during the delay. However, whether delays involve waiting or postponing has often been confounded with whether choices are about hypothetical or real rewards. The current study characterized the effects of waiting and postponing in hypothetical and experiential choice contexts separately. In Experiment 1 we observed steeper delay discounting for waiting than for postponing in choices about both hypothetical money and about experienced computer game points. Two factors potentially contributing to steeper discounting in choices about waiting are reduced access to other rewards and direct costs of waiting. In Experiment 2, we adapted the experiential delay‐discounting task to manipulate each factor separately. Reduced access to other reinforcers had a bigger effect on delay discounting than direct costs of waiting. These results underscore the importance of considering the unique influence of waiting and associated opportunity costs in both basic delay‐discounting research and in applied contexts.
The emotional journey of adapting to prenatally identified trisomy X
Authors: Thompson Talia , Tisher Jessica , Davis Shanlee , Miller Christina , Kirk Jillian , Tartaglia Nicole , Howell Susan
Published: September 2023

There is a paucity of research on the experiences of parents of children with trisomy X (47,XXX). Increased prenatal diagnoses associated with advances in noninvasive prenatal screening necessitate a better understanding of how trisomy X impacts family systems. This qualitative investigation aimed to describe the lived experience of parents of young daughters with prenatally identified trisomy X to guide genetic counseling. Semi‐structured qualitative interviews were conducted via teleconferencing with parents (n = 11) of girls with trisomy X, ages 6–44 months. A descriptive phenomenological approach was used to code transcripts for significant statements and reduce data into themes describing the experience of receiving a diagnosis of trisomy X and the experience of early parenting in this population. Participants described an emotional journey of adapting to prenatally identified trisomy X. Four descriptive themes included two related, yet distinct, life stages: Negative Diagnostic Experience and a Hopeful Early Childhood, as well as two ongoing experiences: Persistent Ambiguity and Coping with and Adapting to Uncertainty. Results suggest providers should carefully consider word choice and timing in delivery of diagnosis, and genetic counseling should provide expectant parents with current research specific to trisomy X, facilitate connections with other parents of young girls with trisomy X, introduce developmental monitoring approaches, and be prepared to support families with a range of emotional responses to the diagnosis and decisions regarding disclosure.
Prognostic heterogeneity and clonal dynamics within distinct subgroups of myelodysplastic syndrome and acute myeloid leukemia with TP53 disruptions
Authors: Patel Shyam A. , Cerny Jan , Gerber William K. , Ramanathan Muthalagu , Ediriwickrema Asiri , Tanenbaum Benjamin , Hutchinson Lloyd , Meng Xiuling , Flahive Julie , Barton Bruce , Gillis‐Smith Andrew J. , Suzuki Sakiko , Khedr Salwa , Selove William , Higgins Anne W. , Miron Patricia M. , Simin Karl , Woda Bruce , Gerber Jonathan M.
Published: September 2023

TP53 aberrations constitute the highest risk subset of myelodysplastic neoplasms (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The International Consensus Classification questions the blast threshold between MDS and AML. In this study, we assess the distinction between MDS and AML for 76 patients with TP53 aberrations. We observed no significant differences between MDS and AML regarding TP53 genomics. Median overall survival (OS) was 223 days for the entire group, but prognostic discrimination within subgroups showed the most inferior OS (46 days) for AML with multihit allelic state plus TP53 variant allele frequency (VAF) > 50%. In multivariate analysis, unadjusted Cox models revealed the following variables as independent risk factors for mortality: AML (vs. MDS) (hazard ratio [HR]: 2.50, confidence interval [CI]: 1.4–4.4, p = 0.001), complex karyotype (HR: 3.00, CI: 1.4–6.1, p = 0.003), multihit status (HR: 2.30, CI 1.3–4.2, p = 0.005), and absence of hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) (HR: 3.90, CI: 1.8–8.9, p = 0.0009). Clonal dynamic modeling showed a significant reduction in TP53 VAF with front‐line hypomethylating agents. These findings clarify the impact of specific covariates on outcomes of TP53‐aberrant myeloid neoplasms, irrespective of the diagnosis of MDS versus AML, and may influence HCT decisions.
Genotype and phenotype classification of 29 patients affected by Krabbe disease
Authors: Madsen Anna M. H. , Wibrand Flemming , Lund Allan M. , Ek Jakob , Dunø Morten , Østergaard Elsebet
Published: September 2023

Krabbe disease is a rare neurodegenerative lysosomal storage disorder caused by mutations in the galactocerebrosidase gene, GALC. Krabbe disease usually affects infants, but has also been reported in older children and adults. Different phenotypes are described based on age at onset. The gene encoding the galactocerebrosidase enzyme was cloned and expressed in 1993, and up until today 117 mutations have been described. In a patient population of Northern European origin, a 30‐kb deletion and two missense mutations, c.1586C>T; p.T529M and c.1700A>C; p.Y567S, are expected to account for 50%‐60% of pathogenic alleles. In this study, we present information on genetic variation, enzyme activity, and phenotypes of 29 patients affected by Krabbe disease. Patient data were collected from patient files at the Department of Clinical Genetics, Rigshospitalet. Ten previously unreported mutations were identified, including four missense mutations; c.1142C>T; p.T381I, c.596G>T; p.R199M, c.443G>A; p.G148E, c.1858G>A; p.G620R, two nonsense mutations; c.863G>A; p.W288*, c.1214c>G; p.S405*, one splice site mutation; c.442+1G>A, one insertion; c.293insT and two deletions; c.1003_1004del, c.887delA. For all of the new mutations, we were able to classify them in phenotype groups. Furthermore, we present a combined allele frequency of the three frequent mutations p.T529M, p.Y567S, and the 30‐kb deletion of 62%, and we describe a broadening of the phenotypes associated with the mutations p.T529M and p.Y567S.
Ten‐year retrospective review (2003‐2013) of 56 inpatient admissions to stabilize elevated phenylalanine levels
Authors: Clark Anne , Merrigan Christine , Crushell Ellen , Hughes Joanne , Knerr Ina , Monavari Ardeshir A. , Treacy Eileen , Coughlan Aoife
Published: September 2023

Phenylketonuria (PKU) is an inherited metabolic disorder affecting phenylalanine metabolism. The Irish incidence is 1:4500. Currently, there are 500 patients under the care of the National Centre for Inherited Metabolic Disorders in Temple Street Children's University Hospital. Current practice is to admit PKU patients with phenylalanine (phe) levels that are consistently out of range despite an intensive multidisciplinary team input on an outpatient basis. The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in phe levels pre, during, and post admissions and to examine if there was a sustained impact post discharge. Fifty‐six patients were admitted between January 2003 and December 2013. Patients were all <18 years of age. Greater than 70% (n = 39) of the reasons for admission were due to multiple issues. Average admission time was 5 days. There was a significant decrease in median phe levels from prior to the admission to during the admission. However, there was a significant increase in median phe levels from during the admission (505 μmol/L) to both the 1‐6 months' and 7‐12 months' time points (618 and 651 μmol/L, respectively). The results highlight that while inpatient admissions can stabilize levels within the acute setting, this is not sustained long term. The ward environment does not accurately replicate home circumstances. This study highlighted that the reasons for admission are most often multifactorial, which is less likely to be resolved during a brief admission period.
Tarsal tunnel syndrome in the mucopolysaccharidoses: A case series and literature review
Authors: Williams Nicole , Willet Jake , Clark Damian , Ketteridge David
Published: September 2023

Background

The mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS) are a group of inherited, progressive, multi‐system lysosomal storage disorders. Musculoskeletal manifestations include nerve entrapment syndromes, most commonly carpal tunnel syndrome. Tarsal tunnel syndrome (TTS) has also been reported. The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical course of MPS patients with suspected TTS and to conduct a literature review of TTS in MPS.

Methods

A review of the Medline and EMBASE databases was conducted in accordance with published guidelines from the Joanna Briggs Institute of Evidence Based Medicine with search strategy developed by a librarian trained in systematic reviews. A medical record review was undertaken for all patients managed in the multi‐disciplinary MPS clinic in a tertiary referral paediatric centre, identifying patients with a suspected or established diagnosis of TTS. Data regarding the demographics, investigations, presentation, management, and clinical course were collected.

Results

The literature review failed to identify any published papers regarding TTS in MPS, with conference proceedings only identified. Within a cohort of 19 MPS patients, four patients with a suspected diagnosis of TTS were identified (MPS I: two patients, MPS VI: two patients). Three patients underwent surgical tarsal tunnel decompression, two with good result. One patient had overlapping symptoms with spinal stenosis and improvement in suspected tarsal tunnel symptoms following spinal decompression and fusion.
Environmental Sustainability and MRI: Challenges, Opportunities, and a Call for Action
Authors: Chaban Yuri V. , Vosshenrich Jan , McKee Hayley , Gunasekaran Suvai , Brown Maura J , Atalay Michael K. , Heye Tobias , Markl Michael , Woolen Sean A. , Simonetti Orlando P. , Hanneman Kate
Published: September 2023

The environmental impact of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has recently come into focus. This includes its enormous demand for electricity compared to other imaging modalities and contamination of water bodies with anthropogenic gadolinium related to contrast administration. Given the pressing threat of climate change, addressing these challenges to improve the environmental sustainability of MRI is imperative. The purpose of this review is to discuss the challenges, opportunities, and the need for action to reduce the environmental impact of MRI and prepare for the effects of climate change. The approaches outlined are categorized as strategies to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from MRI during production and use phases, approaches to reduce the environmental impact of MRI including the preservation of finite resources, and development of adaption plans to prepare for the impact of climate change. Co‐benefits of these strategies are emphasized including lower GHG emission and reduced cost along with improved heath and patient satisfaction. Although MRI is energy‐intensive, there are many steps that can be taken now to improve the environmental sustainability of MRI and prepare for the effects of climate change. On‐going research, technical development, and collaboration with industry partners are needed to achieve further reductions in MRI‐related GHG emissions and to decrease the reliance on finite resources.

Level of Evidence

5

Technical Efficacy

Stage 6
Comparison of semen parameters in the same patients before and after diagnosis of COVID‐19
Authors: Cakir Cihan , Kuspinar Goktan , Kurt Gizem , Berber Miray , Aslan Kiper , Kasapoglu Isil , Uncu Gurkan , Avcı Berrin
Published: September 2023

Clinical and histopathological evidence suggest that the male reproductive system may be negatively impacted in patients with coronavirus disease (COVID‐19). The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) on semen parameters by comparing semen analyses before and after COVID‐19 diagnosis in the same patient. We retrospectively analyzed 342 semen analyses by reviewing medical records. The study included two groups of patients: (i) those who underwent two consecutive semen analyses within 6 months, one before (n = 114) and one after (n = 114) COVID‐19 diagnosis, and (ii) a control group (n = 114) that was age‐matched and did not receive a diagnosis of COVID‐19. The study results indicated a significant decrease in semen volume, total sperm count per ejaculate, progressive motile sperm count, total motile sperm count, and normal sperm morphology after SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in comparison to their respective values before the infection. Subgroup analyses showed that the duration of COVID‐19 diagnosis (short‐term vs. long‐term) did not impact the changes in semen parameters. However, fever during the COVID‐19 process had a negative effect on semen parameters, particularly sperm concentration, unlike in patients without fever. In conclusion, our findings suggest that SARS‐CoV‐2 infection is associated with a decline in semen quality, which may potentially impact male fertility. Furthermore, it's important to note that the negative effects on semen parameters may persist in the long‐term. Our results also indicate that fever during active infection could be a significant risk factor that negatively affects spermatogenesis.
Asymmetric influence of the Pacific meridional mode on tropical cyclone formation over the western North Pacific
Authors: Song Jinjie , Klotzbach Philip J. , Wang Yi‐Fan , Duan Yihong
Published: September 2023

This study investigates the asymmetric response of western North Pacific (WNP) tropical cyclone (TC) formation during August–November to the Pacific meridional mode (PMM) from 1961 to 2021. Basinwide WNP TC frequency significantly increases (slightly decreases) during positive (negative) PMM years, implying a nonlinear PMM–TC frequency relationship. Only small spatial changes in TC formation occur during negative PMM years, while there is nearly a basinwide enhancement of TC formation during positive PMM years, particularly over the region of 5°–30°N and 135°–155°E. This region is characterized by significantly enhanced low‐level vorticity, mid‐level updrafts and upper‐level divergence during positive PMM years, all favouring TC development. By contrast, environmental anomalies are of a smaller magnitude and mostly insignificant over the WNP during negative PMM years. These distinct environmental changes during different PMM phases can be explained by differences in PMM strength. Positive PMM events are of a greater strength and are associated with a stronger wind–evaporation–sea surface temperature feedback than negative PMM events, leading to a notable anomalous large‐scale low‐level cyclonic circulation over the WNP in positive PMM events.