bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Capparis Spinosa Leaves on The Histological Findings Associated With The Exposure of Mice to Trichloroacetic Acid
Authors: Ghyath S. Mahmoud  , Raghed H. Rashed  , Afrah Jabbar Lazim  , Heyam Aziz Mohammed
Published: March 2022

The present work was conducted to study the possible protective role of Capparis spinosa leavesand their efficacy against hematological and histological alterations resulted in an animal model intoxicated withtrichloroacetis acid ( TCA).Hundred male mice 20-26 gm were divided into 5 groups ; control group , group II treated oraly with honey ( 40 mg /Kg body weight for 3 weeks ) , group III treated orally with a mixture of Capparis spinosa leaves powder and honey (40 mg/ Kg for 3 weeks) , group IV treated with TCA in drinking water ( 500 mg / Kg fpr 3 and 6 weeks , then left for3 weeks for recovery) and group V ( Regeneration group ) treated with TCA for 6 weeks then treated with a mixtureof Capparis and honey ( 40 gm /Kg for 3 weeks).Histological examination of spleen sections of mice treated with TCA revealed obvious pathological findingsincluding disorganization of lymphoid follicles , hyperplasia in white pulp , depletion of lymphocyts in red pulpwith subcapsular edema , some necrotic cells in white and red pulp , increasing megakarycoytes, haemosiderosis andfibrosis in red pulp and in some lymphoid follocles. Administration of a mixture of Capparis spinosa leaves powderand honey lessened most of the pathological lesions in mice intoxicated with TCA
Cellular Elements of the Human's Bone Marrow
Authors: Prof. Dr. Ghyath Salih Mahmoud  , Dr. Wael Adil Obaid
Published: March 2022

Examination of bone marrow may be a valuable diagnostic tool in the differential diagnosis of diseasessuch as:• Diseases associated either with a decrease or increase in cellular elements in the peripheral blood.• The appearance of abnormal cells in the peripheral blood.• When a peripheral blood count indicates the presence of leukopaenia• In cases of nonregenerative anemia• When thrombocytopaenia appear in the peripheral blood.• In confirming a diagnosis of leukemia and in differentiating it from a leukemoid reaction.
Developed High Scale Bagging Algorithm for E-Tourism Advising System
Authors: Rula Amjed Hamid  , Muayad Sadik Croock
Published: March 2022

Filtering huge amounts of data is a very critical issue with the explosion of data over the web and cloud storage. A need to classify and sort these data is linked to that issue to facilitate data management and database building for various applications. Machine learning techniques are the most suitable to deal with such big data.

One of the applications that can be implemented in machine learning is a tourist advising system that harvests data from tourism sites and aggregates different types of data about them (humidity, temperature, distance from user’s country, etc…) and classifies them. These data should be updated constantly, since the system provides real-time decision based on real-time data, where they are used later on by a bagging system to provide the user with suggested tourism sites with percentage to how suitable these sites according to the preferences submitted in addition to some other criteria.
İşitme Engelli Yabancı Öğrencilere Türkçe Öğretiminde Karşılaşılan Sorunlar
Authors: ÇALICI Mehmet Ali , AYTAN Talat , KAMACI Mevra Can
Published: March 2022

Alan yazın incelendiğinde işitme engelli yabancı öğrencilere Türkçenin öğretimi konusunda çok az çalışmanın olduğu görülmüş, işitme engelli yabancılara Türkçe öğretimi sürecinde yaşanan sorunları, işitme engelli yabancılara Türkçe öğreten öğreticilerin görüşlerine dayalı olarak inceleyen bir çalışmaya ise rastlanmamıştır. Eğitim sürecinin en önemli ögesi olan öğretmenlerin süreci doğrudan deneyimlemeleri sebebiyle süreç hakkındaki görüşleri önem arz etmektedir. Bu bağlamda literatüre katkı sağlayacağı düşünülen bu araştırmada, işitme engelli yabancı öğrencilere Türkçe eğitimi sürecinde yaşanan sorunları öğretici görüşlerinden hareketle belirlemek amaçlanmıştır. Nitel bir araştırma olan çalışma durum çalışması deseniyle yürütülmüştür. Araştırma işitme engelli yabancı öğrencilere Türkçe öğreten 6 öğretmenle sürdürülmüş, araştırmanın verileri yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu aracılığıyla toplanmıştır. Toplanan veriler içerik analizi yöntemiyle analiz edilmiştir. Araştırmanın sonucunda öğretmen görüşlerinin hizmet içi eğitim, MEB'in materyal desteği, öğrenme düzeyi, soyut kavramların öğretimi, öğretim programı, sorunlar, akademik başarı temaları altında toplandığı görülmüştür. Ulaşılan sonuçlar literatüre dayalı olarak tartışılmış ve işitme engelli yabancı öğrencilere Türkçe öğretimi sürecinde karşılaşılan sorunların çözümüne yönelik önerilerde bulunulmuştur.
Kitap Tanıtımı: Edith Grossman, Çeviri Neden Önemlidir? (Çev. Ayşe Ece), Yapı Kredi Yayınları, İstanbul, Ocak 2021
Authors: ÖZCAN Onur
Published: March 2022

Edith Grossman, Çeviri Neden Önemlidir? (Çev. Ayşe Ece), Yapı Kredi Yayınları, İstanbul, Ocak 2021
Mining Construction Management Dimensions to Influence Sustainability: Reasoning and Rationalization
Authors: Tulasi (K.T.) Dr. Kamarajugadda , Rao Vigneswara
Published: March 2022

The major objective of present study is to construct a MCDM model to address the structure of construction dimensions through literature review and identify the most significant factors, which help Construction Company to more focus on high degree of customer’s satisfaction. Construction Management (CM) dimensions is extracted from the sources of literature review to influence sustainability. An evident discussion from the experts under Indian origin is done for understanding the priority importance of the dimensions for locking sustainability. Eleven technical factors are evaluated to define the crucial dimensions. 10 point linkert scale is adapter to understand the ranking of the dimensions based on DEMATEL methodology. The study can be fruitful for the suppliers for planning evident strategies for catching intense orders of the stakeholders. It is found that “Agile arrangement of resources” have received the weight vector of 0.1045with first priority ranking, which is followed by “Health & safety conditions” and “Subcontracting Domain” in the second state of priority ranking.
Cải thiện khả năng phát hiện tấn công mạng bằng kỹ thuật học sâu
Authors: Tín Tô Trọng , Lang Trần Văn
Published: March 2022

Hệ thống phát hiện tấn công mạng (Intrusion Detection System - IDS) là một phần mềm bảo mật được thiết kế để cảnh báo một cách tự động cho các quản trị viên khi có ai đó hoặc cái gì đó đang cố gắng xâm nhập hệ thống thông qua các hoạt động nguy hiểm hoặc vi phạm chính sách bảo mật. Nhiều nghiên cứu đã áp dụng thành công các thuật toán máy học để hệ thống IDS có khả năng tự học và cập nhật các cuộc tấn công mới. Nhưng để hạn chế báo động nhầm và tăng khả năng dự đoán các cuộc tấn công, thì ngoài khả năng tự quyết định, IDS cần phải có tư duy phân tích. Một khả năng mà các nhà nghiên cứu gọi là học sâu. Bài viết này đề cập đến học sâu như một hướng tiếp cận mới có thể giúp hệ thống IDS cải thiện độ chính xác và tăng tốc độ phân tích khi đầu vào quá lớn. Với việc áp dụng mạng thần kinh sâu như mạng đa lớp ẩn (Multilayer Perceptron - MLP) và mạng neural hồi quy (Recurrent Neural Network – RNN) trên tập dữ liệu KDD99 được sử dụng để đánh giá độ chính xác (Accuracy), độ lỗi phân lớp (MSE – Mean Squared Error) và ma trận hỗn loạn (Confusion Matrix). Hiệu quả đạt được là 98,2% với MLP và 99,04% với RNNs, so với 92,6% của SVM và 88.46% của Naïve Bayes.
Nghiên cứu tổng hợp và đặc trưng cấu trúc vật liệu khung hữu cơ kim loại MIL-53(Fe) biến tính Nd
Authors: Vinh Nguyễn Hữu , Giang Bạch Long , Trinh Nguyễn Duy , Quỳnh Bùi Thị Phương , Sỹ Đỗ Trung
Published: March 2022

Trong nghiên cứu này, vật liệu khung hữu cơ - kim loại MIL-53(Fe) và MIL-53(Fe) biến tính với Nd được tổng hợp thành công thông qua phương pháp dung nhiệt ở các nhiệt độ khác nhau. Vật liệu được đặc trưng cấu trúc bằng các phương pháp phân tích hiện đại như XRD, SEM, FT-IR, và Raman. Kết quả XRD, FTIR và Raman cho thấy, khi biến tính với Nd không làm thay đổi cấu trúc tinh thể của vật liệu MIL-53(Fe) và tất cả các ion kim loại được xen chèn bên trong cấu trúc của vật liệu cũng như thay thế các ion Fe trong nút mạng tinh thể. Bên cạnh đó, nhiệt độ tổng hợp có ảnh hưởng đáng kể đến sự hình thành tinh thể và hình thái tinh thể vật liệu. Cả mẫu biến tính và không biến tính cho hình thái đồng đều ở nhiệt độ 150 oC với tinh thể có dạng hình bát diện kích thước nhỏ dưới 1µm đối với mẫu không biến tính và dạng lục lăng đối với mẫu biến tính. MIL-53(Fe) biến tính với Nd cho hiệu ứng chuyển điện tích và chuyển năng lượng đặc trưng từ cầu nối hữu cơ đến ion kim loại đất hiếm trong cấu trúc vật liệu góp phần làm cho vật liệu có tính nhạy huỳnh quang cao và phát huỳnh quang độc đáo mở ra tiềm năng ứng dụng lớn trong các lĩnh vực như thiết bị hiển thị và phát sáng.
Ảnh hưởng của nhiệt độ đến động học quá trình sấy đối lưu của một số loại nấm tại Việt Nam
Authors: Linh Nguyễn Thị Vân , Duy Nguyễn Quốc , Trân Trương Quỳnh , Thu Lê Thị
Published: March 2022

Trong nghiên cứu này, bốn loại nguyên liệu nấm gồm nấm bào ngư trắng (Pleurotus ostreatus var. florida), nấm bào ngư xám (Pleurotus ostreatus var. columbinus), nấm rơm (Volvariella volvacea) và chân nấm đông cô (Lentinula edodes) được tách ẩm bằng phương pháp sấy đối lưu với tác nhân sấy là không khí nóng có nhiệt độ thay đổi từ 50 đến 70oC. Sự thay đổi ẩm của từng nguyên liệu tương ứng với từng nhiệt độ sấy sẽ được theo dõi trong suốt quá trình sấy. Dữ liệu này được dùng để đánh giá ảnh hưởng của nhiệt độ sấy lên mức độ thoát ẩm, ước lượng hệ số khuếch tán ẩm hiệu dụng, ước lượng năng lượng hoạt hóa của nguyên liệu. Kết quả chỉ ra rằng nhiệt độ tác nhân sấy càng cao thì ẩm thoát ra khỏi nguyên liệu càng nhanh. Hệ số khuếch tán ẩm của các nguyên liệu nấm dao động từ 1.69544x10-10 m2/s đến 7.82706 x10-10 m2/s. Các giá trị năng lượng hoạt hóa của các nguyên liệu nấm trong quá trình sấy đối lưu dao động từ 15.45 kJ/mol đến 24.79 kJ/mol, trong đó năng lượng để hoạt hóa quá trình bốc hơi chân nấm đông cô là cao nhất cho thấy để tách ẩm khỏi nguyên liệu này khó hơn so với những nguyên liệu còn lại.
Tạo kháng thể IgG thỏ kháng alpha-fetoprotein người
Authors: Thảo Lê Thị Phương , Hùng Nguyễn Hữu
Published: March 2022

Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) là một protein huyết tương được sản xuất trong quá trình phát triển của bào thai. Ở người trưởng thành khỏe mạnh, AFP tồn tại trong huyết thanh với hàm lượng rất thấp (<20ng/mL) nhưng có sự tăng trở lại trong một số trường hợp bệnh lí, đặc biệt là các trường hợp liên quan tới gan, như ung thư biểu mô tế bào gan, xơ gan, ... Do đó, AFP đã trở thành dấu ấn sinh học được sử dụng trong sàng lọc dị tật thai và chẩn đoán phát hiện ung thư gan. Kháng thể IgG kháng AFP đã và đang được ứng dụng phổ biến trong các xét nghiệm huyết thanh học chẩn đoán và tiên lượng ung thư gan. Nghiên cứu này vì vậy tập trung vào việc sản xuất kháng thể IgG kháng AFP người bằng cách gây đáp ứng miễn dịch trên thỏ. Kết quả cho thấy thỏ đã tạo được kháng thể IgG đặc hiệu với AFP được đánh giá bằng kỹ thuật western blot. Kháng thể IgG này sau đó đã được tinh chế bằng sắc ký ái lực với protein G và có thể được ứng dụng vào việc chế tạo các sản phẩm chẩn đoán huyết thanh học.
Khảo sát tác động chống oxy hóa in vitro của lá cây lá dong (Phrynium parviflorum Roxb, Marantaceae)
Authors: Liên Hoàng Thị Phương
Published: March 2022

Đề tài tiến hành nhằm khảo sát sự ảnh hưởng của dung môi chiết (nước, cồn 50%, 70%, 96%) lên hoạt tính chống oxy hóa in vitro của lá cây Lá dong thông qua khả năng đánh bắt gốc tự do DPPH. Kết quả cho thấy dịch chiết nước của lá cây Lá dong cho hoạt tính chống oxy hóa nhất với giá trị IC50 thấp nhất (419,61µg/ml) so với các dịch chiết từ dung môi khác, IC50 của chất đối chứng là acid ascorbic là 7,34 µg/ml. Như vậy, dịch chiết nước của lá cây Lá dong có tiềm năng sử dụng làm chất chống oxy hóa tự nhiên.
Zu Paul Feyerabend: Wissenschaft als Kunst
Authors: Tepe Peter
Published: March 2022

Feyerabends Essay begründet die These, dass sowohl den Künsten als auch den Wissenschaften die Eigenschaft der Stilgebundenheit gemeinsam ist. Die Behauptung, „daß die Wissenschaften Künste sind“, wird erst am Schluss des Textes ins Spiel gebracht – und sie steht in einem Spannungsverhältnis zur vorstehenden Argumentation. Im Essay fungiert sie als steile These, die zu Zwecken der Provokation eingesetzt wird. In der Einleitung des Buches ist Feyerabend demgegenüber bestrebt, der „These des Titels Substanz zu verleihen“. Die von ihm vorgebrachten Argumente halten jedoch der kritischen Prüfung nicht stand.
Wissenschaftsbezüge beim Buchillustrator und Grafiker Harry Jürgens
Authors: Jürgens Anna-Sophie , Tepe Peter
Published: March 2022

Der Grafiker und Buchillustrator Harry Jürgens stellt in diesem Interview vor, inwiefern seine Arbeiten eine Brücke zur Wissenschaft schlagen und in welchen Kontexten er mit Wissenschaftlern kooperiert. Er reflektiert über die eigene Forschertätigkeit im künstlerischen Prozess, sein Verständnis von Wissenschaftsillustration sowie seine künstlerischen Ziele in der Auseinandersetzung mit Wissenschaftsthemen.
Wissenschaftsbezogene Kunst: Mischa Kuball
Authors: Tepe Peter
Published: March 2022

Im Broca-Projekt wurde auf neurowissenschaftliche Erkenntnisse zurückgegriffen. Mischa Kuball platzierte auch in künstlerischer Absicht bildproduzierende Apparate in Computertomographen. Weitere Wissenschaftsbezüge seiner Arbeit ergeben sich aus seinem Studium der Sozialpädagogik. Dabei war auch die Patientenperspektive von Bedeutung.
Eruptive dermatofibromas in a pregnant woman
Authors: Ryme Dassouli , Elloudi Sara , Couissi Imane , Baybay Hanane , Douhi Zakia , Mernissi Fatima Zahra
Published: March 2022

Dermatofibromas (DF) or benign fibrous histiocytofibromas represent one of the most common skin tumors. It is a soft tissue and bone tumor composed of fibroblastic and histiocytic components without nuclear pleomorphism or histological anaplasia. The eruptive form and the multiple form are 2 subunits of DF that are rare, their pathophysiology and the factors inducing its proliferation remain poorly understood. Autoimmune or neoplastic diseases are incriminated, but hormonal or toxic factors have never been elucidated. the pigmented network and the central whitish appearance is the most prominent dermoscopic pattern in the literature.
Face mask induced dermatological problems in healthcare providers during COVID-19 pandemic: A questionnaire based study
Authors: Veena Ganiger , Parvathi Nagesha C. , Umadevi Rangaswamy H. , Vinay Nirvanappa K. , Vivekananda Ittigi
Published: March 2022

Background: Facemasks plays essential role in present corona virus (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic situation. Facemasks usage is mandatory and unavoidable for both the general population and the hospital staff. Aquestionnaire based study was undertaken to evaluate the facemask induced dermatological problems during the COVID-19 pandemic in health care providers. Methods: The study was conducted on health care providers, in a tertiary care hospital. Data was collected using a closed ended questionnaire designed to evaluate the dermatological problems faced by usage of facemasks. Results: Among total 103 participants, 76 (73.8%) reported using face masks for more than 3months. 61(59.2%) reported itching which was moderate itching in 11(10.7%). 24% of the participants reported scratching their face without removing the mask. Worsening of the pre existing skin lesions was seen in 13% and 30% developed new lesions. Among the participants 17.5% attributed allergy due to facemask material as cause of dermatological problem. 88% were willing to continue usage of facemask. Conclusion: Better quality facemasks, shorter duration of usage and frequent changing will help in reducing the discomfort caused by facemask and thus will help in improving the quality of health care.
Adverse effects of propranolol in a fulminant ulcerated infantile hemangioma
Authors: Oulehri Aida , Baybay Hanane , Elloudi Sara , Douhi Zakia , Mernissi Fatima Zahra
Published: March 2022

Infantile hemangiomas (IHs) are the most common tumors of infancy, with a global prevalence estimated at 1% to 10% of infants. Most hemangiomas are small and regress spontaneously without a need for intervention. However, 5% to 10 % of hemangiomas may cause serious complications and require treatment. Herein, we report the case of a two-month-old female infant with a left hemifacial hemangioma, which became severely ulcerated after the introduction of propranolol. We also report a good improvement afterwards due to combined therapy. An ulcerated infantile hemangioma is the most common complication seen in an IH, which may present a therapeutic challenge especially in the case of concurrent hemorrhage or infection. Although numerous studies support its efficacy and reduced side effects. propranolol may worsen the ulceration of an IH, possibly reflecting a reduced blood flow, causing peripheral ischemia. In some cases of IH with complex ulceration, monotherapy with propranolol may be insufficient.
An atypical case of cicatricial pemphigoid vegetans in a young male and a review of the literature
Authors: Oulehri Aida , Baybay Hanane , Elloudi Sara , Douhi Zakia , Mernissi Fatima Zahra , Gouzi Imane , Tahiri Layla , El Fatemi Hind
Published: March 2022

Mucous membrane pemphigoid (MMP), previously known as cicatricial pemphigoid, is the second most frequent autoimmune subepithelial blistering disorder after bullous pemphigoid (BP). MMP has a broad spectrum of both clinical and immunological features, mostly affecting the mucous membranes, mainly the oral and ocular mucosae, but around 30% of cases develop skin lesions, which heal leaving atrophic scars and milia. Herein, we report a patient with widespread vegetating cutaneous and oral plaques, oral erosions, scarring conjunctivitis, and extensive mucosal lesions, who met the immunologic and microscopic criteria of cicatricial pemphigoid vegetans (CPV). The vegetative form of MMP is a very rare entity and, to our knowledge, this is the fifth patient recorded in the global literature. We present the unusual case of a young male who developed CPV possibly caused by chronic and heavy cannabis use and who was treated effectively with rituximab.
Bullous impetigo in a 6-year-old girl
Authors: Borowska Katarzyna , Brzeziński Piotr
Published: March 2022

Impetigo is a contagious superficial bacterial skin infection, predominantly affecting children. There are two types of impetigo: nonbullous and bullous. Bullous impetigo is caused by toxin-producing S. aureus. We present a case of bullous impetigo in a 6-year-old girl with skin lesions on the upper limbs.
A Study on English-Chinese Translation of Forensic Rhetoric from the Perspective of Logic Translation Theory: A Case Study on All’s Well That Ends Well
Authors: Wan Ju
Published: March 2022

Rhetoric plays an essential role in early modern English education and profoundly influences on Shakespeare’s writings. Furthermore, forensic rhetoric offers a convenient channel through which Shakespeare could discuss such topics as law, justice and sound. Through his masterly use of forensic rhetoric, Shakespeare presents various scenes to audiences of different ages. As one of the “problem plays”, All’s Well That Ends Well also has many applications of forensic rhetoric. Rhetoricians have divided rhetoric into five cannons: inventio, dispositio, memoria, elocutio, and pronuntiatio. However, throughout the studies of Shakespeare’s plays both at home and abroad, there has been a tendency to concentrate almost exclusively on the translation of elocutio, such as word arrangement and style, etc. Few scholars have focused on the translation of Shakespeare’s inventio. Therefore, this paper analyzes the translation of forensic rhetoric in All’s Well That Ends Well.
The Compliance of Translation Programs in Yemeni Universities with the Local Translation Market Needs
Authors: Alshargabi Eman , Abdu Al-Mekhlafi Mohammed
Published: March 2022

One major complaint of the undergraduate Yemeni translation programs’ graduates is the poor skills they have that do not qualify them for the market. The aim of this study was to help solve this problem by mapping translation programs with the market needs. Specifically, the researcher selected two major components of translation programs’ specification documents which were the intended learning outcomes and course titles. The researcher used the findings of a previous study that identified the Yemeni translation market needs and aligned them to the programs intended learning outcomes and the course titles. The researcher developed two content analysis tools to collect data that were validated by a panel of experts. Results reveal that the participating translation programs fall short to satisfy the market needs. It was recommended that Yemeni universities review their programs in light of the market needs. It was also recommended that courses need to be reconsidered to be aligned with the knowledge areas of the needed translations competencies. In addition, private universities were recommended to reconsider their admission policy so as to help facilitate translation competencies acquisition.
Individual Instrument Practice Habits of Musicology Students with Demographic Features and Music Literacy: Example of Kırıkkale
Authors: Kumtepe Müslüm Akın
Published: March 2022

It can be said that, for the training of an instrument, based on the definitions of education that have been made so far, an individual has a process of obtaining behavioral change at the level of playing an instrument. Instrument training is presented with two different purposes as enthusiastic and professional. Individuals who have been given professional instrument training need to be regular, disciplined, and need to gain the habit of instrument playing with patience by using the time correctly. This research was conducted to put forward the relationship between individual instrument practice habits of musicology students and different variables. This is a research that describes due diligence. The population and sample of this research consist of the students taking instrument lessons at Music Department and Music Science Department, Faculty of Fine Arts, the University of Kırıkkale. In the study, in which the “Individual instrument playing habits” of musicology students were examined in a versatile manner with the descriptive scanning method, remarkable differences have been reached according to the demographic characteristics of the participants. According to the research findings, it was seen that participants showed a very high level of competence in terms of preparation for the study, and their desire to value and interest in the study was at a high level. Alongside this, it has been observed that there are issues in the habits of using the time correctly in studies on individual instrument lessons of musicology students.
A Case Study on the Effectiveness of Bilingual Instructors Compared with Monolingual Instructors at a Private University in Saudi Arabia
Authors: ElJishi Ziad , Taylor Terumi , Shehata Heba
Published: March 2022

The purpose of the study was to compare the instructional effectiveness of bilingual instructors compared to monolingual instructors. The case study design was non-experimental using a mixed methods approach. The data was collected from surveys, interviews, and classroom observations of monolingual and bilingual instructors (n=120) at a private university in Saudi Arabia. The survey and interview results showed bilingual instructors in favor of the bilingual method while monolingual instructors were not. Classroom observational data showed more incidents of student engagement recorded in the bilingual instruction compared to the classrooms where monolingual instruction took place. The implications of the study demonstrate the need for a policy change to allow bilingual instruction in the classroom and for preference given to the hiring of bilingual instructors as a means to facilitate student understanding of concepts in the classroom and in empowering second language acquisition of native Arabic speaking students.
The Use of Web 2.0 Tools in Mother-tongue Instruction: Teachers’ Experiences
Authors: Süğümlü Üzeyir , Aslan Serkan
Published: March 2022

Technological tools have affected education just as all areas of life. Especially nowadays, technological tools are highly utilized in the effective regulation of the teaching-learning process. Web 2.0 tools are included among these technological tools. Web 2.0 tools are used in mother-tongue instruction as well as in all disciplines. This study is an attempt to examine the experiences of teachers who use Web 2.0 tools in mother-tongue instruction. We used the phenomenological design, which is one of the qualitative research designs, in our study. We considered the criterion sampling method in determining the participants. As the data collection tool, we administered an interview form to the teachers. Since we could not hold face-to-face meetings during the COVID-19 Pandemic, we used online platforms to interview the participants. Content analysis was used to analyze the data. We analyzed our data through the MAXQDA qualitative data analysis program and presented the results in figures. One of the notable results of our study was that mother-tongue teachers used numerous and different Web 2.0 tools in mother-tongue instruction. Another significant result of our study was that Web 2.0 tools used by teachers made a major contribution to the development of reading, writing, listening, and speaking skills. In addition, we concluded that the use of Web 2.0 tools in mother-tongue instruction had various contributions to both students and teachers.
Evaluation of Turkey’s PISA Reading Literacy Scores
Authors: Dilekçi Atilla
Published: March 2022

The purpose of the current study is to evaluate Turkey’s International Student Assessment Program (PISA) reading literacy scores in view of Turkish Language teachers. For this reason the study was designed as a case study, one of qualitative approach. In the research, the data were collected from 15 Turkish language teachers through interviews. An interview form was developed and used as a data collection tool. Content analysis techniques were used to evaluate the research data obtained. As a result of the research, it was identified that most of the Turkish teachers did not follow the PISA results. Teachers regarded to the missing information and indifference as a reason for their incomplete command of this subject. The reason why teachers follow PISA results is to evaluate Turkey’s success in the field of education and to see the educational situation of other countries. Teachers also stated that it is necessary to follow the current developments in education as a requirement of their profession. A number of teachers assessed Turkey’s reading literacy scores in PISA as relatively low by pointing out the society’s and students’ lack of reading habit. In addition, they stated that the education system is not suitable for being successful in PISA. They offered that the education system, curriculum and course books should be updated in order to reach the desired score in PISA. They also suggested that teachers should be informed about PISA and its measurement and evaluation processes.
A Mixed Method Study on Improving Reading Speed and Reading Comprehension Levels of Gifted Students
Authors: Soysal Taşkın
Published: March 2022

Gifted students have a reading capacity above their level. The aim of this study is to improve the reading speed and reading comprehension levels of gifted students through training in speed reading techniques. In the study, in which a total of 100 participants from the 4th, 5th and 6th grades attending the Science and Art Center took part, 28 hours of training in speed reading techniques were given to the students. The study was carried out according to a nested mixed methods design, which is one of the mixed research methods. While the quantitative data of the study were collected according to the pretest-posttest model without a control group, the qualitative data were obtained through semi-structured interviews with the students in the study. At the beginning of the study, the students’ initial reading speeds were taken through a narrative and an informative text, and then these students were given 28 hours of speed reading techniques training. At the end of the studies, the students' post-reading speeds were taken and the difference between the pre-tests and the post-tests was compared using the SPSS 21 program. At the same time, semi-structured interviews were conducted with each student who took part in the study during the 28-hour training period, according to the planning made. In the studies carried out, it was concluded that the education in speed reading techniques increased the reading speed and reading comprehension levels of the gifted students, that the students developed a positive attitude towards reading and made an important step in gaining reading habits, and that the studies carried out would be beneficial in terms of increasing the academic success of the students.
Proposal of a Melodic Sequence for Music Literacy in Turkey in the Light of Turkish School Music and Kodály Philosophy
Authors: Çeliktaş Hatice
Published: March 2022

Kodály method has been adapted and used in many countries’ music education systems since the 1960s and still is in use with a growing interest. Turkey is one of the countries that began to find its way in music education and brought Kodály related ideas into education in the 20th century. However, music educators constantly began to speak about the Kodály philosophy and its applications last three decades. In this study, it is aimed to examine Kodály from a cultural perspective and to discuss how Kodály approach can be better adapted for Turkish school music and Turkish music education system. For this purpose, primarily Turkish school music and its place in music education are reviewed and reported in a historical context. Later, at the end of this examination in the light of Kodály’s ideas about folk music and “musical mother tongue”, a proposal for melodic sequence is suggested for music literacy in Turkey.
A Pedagogy of Metacognition for Reading Classrooms
Authors: Ozturk Nesrin
Published: March 2022

Despite metacognition's profound effects in research classrooms, such research might have a very limited influence on mainstream classrooms. This may stem from a lack of comprehensive and practical pedagogy that classroom teachers can adapt for metacognition instruction as researchers do. To address this problem, this study developed a pedagogy of metacognition for reading classrooms (PMR) by the principles of grounded theory. Data were collected via document analysis and a PMR was constructed through a systematic and analytic review of its literature. A PMR consists of 7 dimensions, and these include fostering students' metacognitive knowledge, scaffolding students' strategic reading, encouraging students’ independence with strategic reading, assessing metacognition, adopting goal-directedness, integrating the language of thinking, and prolonging instruction. Regarding the nature of a PMR, this paper does not propose a new instructional method or technique; however, it describes a framework to support teachers' professionalism with metacognition instruction. Therefore, reading teachers can transfer beneficial research practices to their mainstream classrooms without making distinctive instructional alterations or expansive changes in their classrooms.
Explaining Middle School Students’ Mathematical Literacy with Sources of Self-Efficacy, Achievement Expectation from Family, Peers and Teachers
Authors: Kontaş Hakkı , Özcan Bahadır
Published: March 2022

The promotion of mathematical literacy depends on understanding the variables associated with mathematics learning. The purpose of the current research was to explore relationships between mathematics achievement with sources of mathematics self-efficacy and perceived mathematics achievement expectations of parents, teachers, and friends in middle school students. Participants of the research were 332 8th grade middle school students. The research findings showed that mastery experience, social persuasions, and family expectations significantly predicted mathematics achievement. Furthermore, the most powerful predictor of mathematics achievement was the mastery experience. In conclusion, mastery experience and social persuasions dimensions of sources of self-efficacy and mathematics achievement expectations from parents have associated effects on mathematics achievement.
Effects of Collaborative Writing on EFL Students’ Paragraph Writing Performance: Focus on Content and Coherence
Authors: Anshu Alemu Hailu , Yesuf Mohammed Yibre
Published: March 2022

This study attempted to examine the effects of collaborative writing on EFL students’ paragraph level writing performance focusing on the two aspects of writing: content and coherence. Two batches of Grade 11 students at Felegebirahn Secondary School in Amhara Region, Ethiopia were selected for the study group based on the mean scores of the paragraph writing performance test given before the intervention. These two batches of students were randomly assigned into two groups: experimental (n=44) and control (n=44) using lottery system to conduct the study. The students in the experimental group were made to practice paragraph level writing tasks collaboratively; while the students in the control group were made to practice the same writing tasks individually for 12 weeks. The main instrument used to collect the data was paragraph writing test. Students’ questionnaire and semi-structured interview were also used to gather data regarding students’ attitude towards using collaborative writing in EFL classes. The paragraph writing test results were used to examine and compare students’ paragraph writing performance before and after the intervention. T-test was employed to analyze and interpret if the paragraph writing performance tests mean differences with-in the groups and between groups were statistically significant or not. The findings revealed that the students who practiced the writing tasks or activities collaboratively have brought more significant improvements on the content and coherence of the paragraphs they produced after the training than students who practiced the writing tasks individually. It was also noted that the students in the experimental group had exhibited positive attitude towards collaborative writing. This was confirmed by majority of the respondents from the attitude questionnaire and interview data that students finally enjoyed and were motivated to write in English after their engagement in collaborative writing. It was concluded that practicing writing tasks collaboratively in EFL writing classes can improve students’ performance to incorporate relevant and coherent ideas or sentences while students write paragraphs in English. Therefore, it was recommended that using collaborative writing in EFL writing lessons must continue and be adopted on wider scale.
Hydrated Eutectic Electrolyte with Ligand‐Oriented Solvation Shell to Boost the Stability of Zinc Battery
Authors: Han Mingming , Huang Jiwu , Xie Xuesong , Li Tian Chen , Huang Jiangtao , Liang Shuquan , Zhou Jiang , Fan Hong Jin
Published: March 2022

Despite the substantial progress in cathode materials in the past few years, rechargeable zinc batteries (RZBs) are plagued by rapid performance degradation due to dendrite formation and notorious side reactions at the Zn anode side. Here, an optimized hydrated eutectic electrolyte (HEE) system containing methylsulfonylmethane, zinc perchlorate, and water, in which an organic ligand coordinated the solvation shell of Zn ions with water molecules constituting the eutectic network, is proposed. Compared to common aqueous solutions, this HEE system is proven effective in promoting the smooth Zn deposition and plating/stripping reversibility as well as suppressing side reactions. The vanadium‐based zinc batteries based on this new HEE exhibit exceptionally high‐capacity retention (≈100% retention even after 1600 cycles at a relatively small current density of 1000 mA g−1). This study offers a new type of electrolyte for RZBs and a deep understanding of the effect of Zn2+ solvent sheath structure on the cycle reversibility.
Flexible Blade‐Coated Optoelectronic Devices: Dual Functionality via Simultaneous Deposition
Authors: Jan Jasmine , Zhu Juan , Ting Jonathan , Arias Ana C.
Published: March 2022

Advances in printing techniques have enabled a new generation of low‐cost and large‐area flexible electronics. However, in applications where a combination of printed components is required, multiple fabrication processes and subsequent integration can be complex and time consuming. Additionally, these applications require devices to be stacked atop each other, reducing overall mechanical flexibility. In this work, surface‐energy‐patterning (SEP) is used to enable simultaneous blade coating of organic photodiode (OPD) and organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) films side‐by‐side. The result is dual functionality on a single flexible substrate. Various active layer solution concentrations are investigated to optimize active layer thicknesses and consequently optimize the performance of each device. A peak spectral responsivity of 0.33 A W−1 at 800 nm is achieved for optimized OPDs and a maximum luminance of 7000 cd m−2 is achieved for optimized OLEDs at an applied bias of 8 V. Overall, this technique enables the printing of two functionally distinct devices in a single step without compromising the performance of either device.
Ultra‐Robust and Extensible Fibrous Mechanical Sensors for Wearable Smart Healthcare
Authors: Gao Jiuwei , Fan Yubo , Zhang Qingtian , Luo Lei , Hu Xiaoqi , Li Yue , Song Juncai , Jiang Hanjun , Gao Xiaoyu , Zheng Lu , Zhao Wu , Wang Zhenhua , Ai Wei , Wei Yuan , Lu Qianbo , Xu Manzhang , Wang Yongtian , Song Weitao , Wang Xuewen , Huang Wei
Published: March 2022

Fibrous material with high strength and large stretchability is an essential component of high‐performance wearable electronic devices. Wearable electronic systems require a material that is strong to ensure durability and stability, and a wide range of strain to expand their applications. However, it is still challenging to manufacture fibrous materials with simultaneously high mechanical strength and the tensile property. Herein, the ultra‐robust (≈17.6 MPa) and extensible (≈700%) conducting microfibers are developed and demonstrated their applications in fabricating fibrous mechanical sensors. The mechanical sensor shows high sensitivity in detecting strains that have high strain resolution and a large detection range (from 0.0075% to 400%) simultaneously. Moreover, low frequency vibrations between 0 and 40 Hz are also detected, which covers most tremors that occur in the human body. As a further step, a wearable and smart health‐monitoring system has been developed using the fibrous mechanical sensor, which is capable of monitoring health‐related physiological signals, including muscle movement, body tremor, wrist pulse, respiration, gesture, and six body postures to predict and diagnose diseases, which will promote the wearable telemedicine technology.
A Vinylene‐Linker‐Based Polymer Acceptor Featuring a Coplanar and Rigid Molecular Conformation Enables High‐Performance All‐Polymer Solar Cells with Over 17% Efficiency
Authors: Yu Han , Wang Yan , Kim Ha Kyung , Wu Xin , Li Yuhao , Yao Zefan , Pan Mingao , Zou Xinhui , Zhang Jianquan , Chen Shangshang , Zhao Dahui , Huang Fei , Lu Xinhui , Zhu Zonglong , Yan He
Published: March 2022

State‐of‐art Y‐series polymer acceptors are typically based on a mono‐thiophene linker, which can cause some twisted molecular conformations and thus limit the performance of all‐polymer solar cells (all‐PSCs). Here, a high‐performance polymer acceptor based on vinylene linkers is reported, which leads to surprising changes in the polymers’ molecular conformations, optoelectronic properties, and enhanced photovoltaic performance. It is found that the polymer acceptors based on thiophene or bithiophene linkers (PY‐T‐γ and PY‐2T‐γ) display significant molecular twisting between end‐groups and linker units, while the vinylene‐based polymer (PY‐V‐γ) exhibits a more coplanar and rigid molecular conformation. As a result, PY‐V‐γ demonstrates a better conjugation and tighter interchain stacking, which results in higher mobility and a reduced energetic disorder. Furthermore, detailed morphology investigations reveal that the PY‐V‐γ‐based blend exhibits high domain purity and thus a better fill factor in its all‐PSCs. With these, a higher efficiency of 17.1% is achieved in PY‐V‐γ‐based all‐PSCs, which is the highest efficiency reported for binary all‐PSCs to date. This work demonstrates that the vinylene‐linker is a superior unit to build polymer acceptors with more coplanar and rigid chain conformation, which is beneficial for polymer aggregation and efficient all‐PSCs.
Process‐Aid Solid Engineering Triggers Delicately Modulation of Y‐Series Non‐Fullerene Acceptor for Efficient Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Song Xin , Zhang Kai , Guo Renjun , Sun Kun , Zhou Zhongxin , Huang Shenglei , Huber Linus , Reus Manuel , Zhou Jungui , Schwartzkopf Matthias , Roth Stephan V. , Liu Wenzhu , Liu Yu , Zhu Weiguo , Müller‐Buschbaum Peter
Published: March 2022

Volatile solids with symmetric π‐backbone are intensively implemented on manipulating the nanomorphology for improving the operability and stability of organic solar cells. However, due to the isotropic stacking, the announced solids with symmetric geometry cannot modify the microscopic phase separation and component distribution collaboratively, which will constrain the promotion of exciton splitting and charge collection efficiency. Inspired by the superiorities of asymmetric configuration, a novel process‐aid solid (PAS) engineering is proposed. By coupling with BTP core unit in Y‐series molecule, an asymmetric, volatile 1,3‐dibromo‐5‐chlorobenzene solid can induce the anisotropic dipole direction, elevated dipole moment, and interlaminar interaction spontaneously. Due to the synergetic effects on the favorable phase separation and desired component distribution, the PAS‐treated devices feature the evident improvement of exciton splitting, charge transport, and collection, accompanied by the suppressed trap‐assisted recombination. Consequently, an impressive fill factor of 80.2% with maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 18.5% in the PAS‐treated device is achieved. More strikingly, the PAS‐treated devices demonstrate a promising thickness‐tolerance character, where a record PCE of 17.0% is yielded in PAS devices with a 300 nm thickness photoactive layer, which represents the highest PCE for thick‐film organic solar cells.
Highly Effective Stroke Therapy Enabled by Genetically Engineered Viral Nanofibers
Authors: Liu Xiangyu , Yang Mei , Lei Fang , Wang Yaru , Yang Mingying , Mao Chuanbin
Published: March 2022

Stroke results in the formation of a cavity in the infarcted brain tissue. Angiogenesis and neurogenesis are poor in the cavity, preventing brain‐tissue regeneration for stroke therapy. To regenerate brain tissue in the cavity, filamentous phages, the human‐safe nanofiber‐like bacteria‐specific viruses, are genetically engineered to display many copies of RGD peptide on the sidewalls. The viral nanofibers, electrostatically coated on biocompatible injectable silk protein microparticles, not only promote adhesion, proliferation, and infiltration of neural stem cells (NSCs), but also induce NSCs to differentiate preferentially into neurons in basal medium within 3 d. After the NSC‐loaded microparticles are injected into the stroke cavity of rat models, the phage nanofibers on the microparticles stimulate angiogenesis and neurogenesis in the stroke sites within two weeks for brain regeneration, leading to functional recovery of limb motor control of rats within 12 weeks. The viral nanofibers also brought about the desired outcomes for stroke therapy, such as reducing inflammatory response, decreasing thickness of astrocytes scars, and increasing neuroblasts response in the subventricular zone. As virtually any functional peptide can be displayed on the phage by genetic means, the phage nanofibers hold promise as a unique and effective injectable biomaterial for stroke therapy.
Biomass‐Derived Crocodile Skin‐Like Porous Carbon for High‐Performance Microwave Absorption
Authors: Wu Zhihong , Yao Cheng , Meng Zhenzhen , Deng Yue , Wang Yao , Liu Jiayuan , Wang Yubin , Zhou Huafeng
Published: March 2022

Biomass‐derived porous carbon materials have received extensive attention in electromagnetic wave absorbing (EMA) materials due to their stability, lightweight, and friendliness. Adjusting the morphology of porous carbon materials is an effective way to improve their absorbing properties. In this work, the crocodile skin‐like biomass hierarchical porous carbon (BHPC) material was synthesized from waste rice husk via a carbonization and alkali activation process. The effect of the consistency of the activator on the porous morphology is investigated. Under ultra‐low filler content of 10 wt%, the minimum reflection loss (RLmin) of the BHPC‐10 composite material reaches −47.46 dB, and the effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) is up to 3.40 GHz in the X‐band at a thickness of 2.8 mm. This work provides a reference for preparing porous carbon materials derived from pure biomass and a feasible scheme for designing high‐performance microwave absorbing materials.
High‐Performance, Flexible NO2 Chemiresistors Achieved by Design of Imine‐Incorporated n‐Type Conjugated Polymers
Authors: Park Hyeonjung , Kim Dong‐Ha , Ma Boo Soo , Shin Euichul , Kim Youngkwon , Kim Taek‐Soo , Kim Felix Sunjoo , Kim Il‐Doo , Kim Bumjoon J.
Published: March 2022

Flexible and mechanically robust gas sensors are the key technologies for wearable and implantable electronics. Herein, the authors demonstrate the high‐performance, flexible nitrogen dioxide (NO2) chemiresistors using a series of n‐type conjugated polymers (CPs: PNDIT2/IM‐x) and a polymer dopant (poly(ethyleneimine), PEI). Imine double bonds (C = N) are incorporated into the backbones of the CPs with different imine contents (x) to facilitate strong and selective interactions with NO2. The PEI provides doping stability, enhanced electrical conductivity, and flexibility. As a result, the NO2 sensors with PNDIT2/IM‐0.1 and PEI (1:1 by weight ratio) exhibit outstanding sensing performances, such as excellent sensitivity (ΔR/Rb = 240% @ 1 ppm), ultralow detection limit (0.1 ppm), high selectivity (ΔR/Rb < 8% @ 1 ppm of interfering analytes), and high stability, thereby outperforming other state‐of‐the‐art CP‐based chemiresistors. Furthermore, the thin film of PNDIT2/IM‐0.1 and PEI blend is stretchable and mechanically robust, providing excellent flexibility to the NO2 sensors. Our study contributes to the rational design of high‐performance flexible gas sensors.