bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Encapsulation of curcumin into β-cyclodextrins inclusion: A review
Authors: Guo Siqi
Published: November 2019

Curcumin is an important natural pigment, which has many functions such as anti-oxidation, anti-inflammatory, and the prevention of cardiovascular, cerebrovascular and Alzheimer’s disease. However, its poor water-solubility, unstable chemical properties and low bioavailability limit its application in the food industry. The above problems can be effectively solved by using β-cyclodextrins to encapsulate curcumin. Combining with the domestic and foreign research literature, the structure and properties of β-cyclodextrins, preparation method of β-cyclodextrins inclusion, the curcumin-loaded β-cyclodextrins, and their applications in industry were summarized in this paper. Finally, the research status of Curcumin-loaded β-cyclodextrins delivery vector was discussed and its development prospect was prospected.
Development and Strategic Choice of Modern Agricultural Industry in Dazhou City based on SWOT Analysis
Authors: Sun Yexing , Ma Qianqian , Li Haosheng , Tang Rongying , Wang Juan , Yu Huihan , Wu Peng , Zhang Zheming , Zhao Siyi
Published: November 2019

The development of modern agriculture in Dazhou City has both advantages and disadvantages, opportunities and challenges. By using SWOT analysis method, this paper analyzes the internal and external conditions faced by the development of modern agriculture in Dazhou City, and puts forward the rational strategic choice, which provides a reference for realizing the transformation from a big agricultural city to a strong agricultural city in Dazhou City.
Effects of Mixing Hyperaccumulated Straw and Phosphate Rock Powder on Cd Content in Chinese Cabbage
Authors: Luo Xian , Deng Fafu , Zhao Zheng , Zhu Lin , Zhang Haiyan , Pu Honglin , Jia Yongxia
Published: November 2019

In this paper, hyperaccumulator straw (Solanum nigrum L., Amaranthus chinense L., and Siegesbeckia orientalis L.) and phosphate rock powder were selected as materials, a pot experiment was used to study the effects of three compounding modifiers on the growth, nutritional quality and cadmium (Cd) content of Chinese cabbage. The results showed that: (1) The combination of Siegesbeckia orientalis + phosphate rock powder can significantly promote the growth of Chinese cabbage, while Solanum nigrum + phosphate rock powder and Amaranthus chinense + phosphate rock powder have no effect on the growth of Chinese cabbage. (2) The combination of Solanum nigrum and phosphate rock powder increased the content of soluble sugar, soluble protein and VC in shoots of Chinese cabbage by 64.33%, 16.27% and 2.2%, respectively, and the nitrite content decreased by 34.58%, which improved the quality of Chinese cabbage. (3) Different compounding modifiers can significantly reduce the Cd content in shoots of Chinese cabbage, and the reduction of Solanum nigrum + phosphate rock powder is the largest, reaching 61.29%. In conclusion, all three modifiers can improve the nutritional quality and reduce the Cd content in the shoots of Chinese cabbage, and Solanum nigrum + phosphate rock powder has the best effect.
Study on Processing Technology of Rose Milk Beverage
Authors: Fan Dan-min , Yang Zhi-long
Published: November 2019

The main raw materials of rose milk beverage are Yunnan red roses and milk. By analyzing the proportions of rose juice to milk, sucrose, citric acid and sodium alginate, and by taking flavor, taste, color and tissue state as the evaluation parameters, we conducted single-factor experiments and orthogonal experiments, and identified the optimum formula of rose milk beverage: 8% rose juice, 6% milk, 10% sucrose, 0.1% citric acid, and 0.15% compound stabilizer (sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, sodium alginate in the proportion of 1:1). Unique flavor of rose milk beverage with rich nutrition can be prepared by using the optimum formula we obtained.
Research on Crop Leaf Disease Identification Method Based on LM-BP Neural Network
Authors: Tongke Fan
Published: November 2019

Aiming at the problem of disease diagnosis of large-scale crops, this paper combines machine vision and deep learning technology to propose an algorithm for constructing disease recognition by LM_BP neural network. The images of multiple crop leaves are collected, and the collected pictures are cut by image cutting technology, and the data are obtained by the color distance feature extraction method. The data are input into the disease recognition model, the feature weights are set, and the model is repeatedly trained to obtain accurate results. In this model, the research on corn disease shows that the model is simple and easy to implement, and the data are highly reliable.
Study on Rural Environment Design Based on Public Art Aesthetics Perspective
Authors: Yang Juan
Published: November 2019

It has put forward the beautiful rural construction in the report delivered at the18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China after the high speed urbanization and modern urban environment construction. With profound cultural deposits, the rural area is the virgin land of regional feature and local civilization and also the source of beautiful homesickness. However, the rural public art is an important symbol and reflection of rural mature development. This paper analyzes the existing problems of rural environmental engineering construction and puts forward the corresponding solutions and development strategies on the basis of the rural public art and practical significance, thus opening up the new thinking for the design and construction rural environment engineering.
Electromagnetic form factors of nucleon resonances from CLAS
Authors: Isupov Evgeny L. , Chesnokov Vitaly V. , Golovach Evgeny N. , Golubenko Anna A. , Ishkhanov Boris S. , Klimenko Valery A.
Published: November 2019

Exclusive single and double meson photo- and electroproduction reactions are the largest sources of information on the spectrum and structure of nucleon resonances. The excited states of the nucleon manifest as a complex interplay between the inner core of three dressed quarks and the external meson-baryon cloud. Various N* with distinctively different structure appear as unique laboratory where many features of strong QCD can be explored. With combination of nearly 4π acceptance of the CLAS detector and continuous electron beam (Jefferson Lab, USA) it is possible to obtain physics observables of the major reaction channels in the N* excitation region. The results on the electromagnetic transition form factors of N(1440)1/2+ and N(1520)3/2- are presented.
Effects of light-by-light scattering in the Lamb shift and hyperfine structure of muonic hydrogen
Authors: Dorokhov A. E. , Martynenko A. P. , Martynenko F. A. , Radzhabov A. E.
Published: November 2019

We calculate the meson exchange contribution to the interaction operator of muon and proton, which is determined by the meson coupling with two photon state. For the construction of transition form factor Meson → γγ we use the existing parametrizations based on experimental data including the monopole parametrization over photon four-momenta. For an estimate of the form factor value atzero photon four-momenta squared we use experimental data on the decay width ΓMeson→γγ. It is shown that scalar, pseudoscalar, axial vector and tensor mesons exchanges give significant contribution to the Lamb shift (LS) and hyperfine splitting (HFS) in muonic hydrogen which should be taken into account for a comparison with precise experimental data.
Form factor π0γ*γ in lightcone sum rules combined with renormalization-group summation vs experimental data.
Authors: Ayala C. , Mikhailov S. V. , Pimikov A. V. , Stefanis N. G.
Published: November 2019

We consider the lightcone sum-rule (LCSR) description of the pionphoton transition form factor in combination with the renormalization group of QCD. The emerging scheme represents a certain version of Fractional Analytic Perturbation Theory and significantly extends the applicability domain of perturbation theory towards lower momenta Q2 ≲ 1 GeV2. We show that the predictions calculated herewith agree very well with the released preliminary data of the BESIII experiment, which have very small errors just in this region, while the agreement with other data at higher Q2 is compatible with the LCSR predictions obtained recently by one of us using fixed-order perturbation theory.
Spin-wave confinement and coupling in organic-based magnetic nanostructures
Authors: Chilcote Michael , Harberts Megan , Fuhrmann Bodo , Lehmann Katrin , Lu Yu , Franson Andrew , Yu Howard , Zhu Na , Tang Hong , Schmidt Georg , Johnston-Halperin Ezekiel
Published: November 2019

Vanadium tetracyanoethylene (V[TCNE]x) is an organic-based ferrimagnet that exhibits robust magnetic ordering (TC of over 600 K), high quality-factor (high-Q) microwave resonance (Q up to 3500), and compatibility with a wide variety of substrates and encapsulation technologies. Here, we substantially expand the potential scope and impact of this emerging material by demonstrating the ability to produce engineered nanostructures with tailored magnetic anisotropy that serve as a platform for the exploration of cavity magnonics, revealing strongly coupled quantum confined standing wave modes that can be tuned into and out of resonance with an applied magnetic field. Specifically, time-domain micromagnetic simulations of these nanostructures faithfully reproduce the experimentally measured spectra, including the quasiuniform mode and higher-order spin-wave (magnon) modes. Finally, when the two dominant magnon modes present in the spectra are brought into resonance by varying the orientation of the in-plane magnetic field, we observe anticrossing behavior, indicating strong coherent coupling between these two magnon modes at room temperature. These results position V[TCNE]x as a leading candidate for the development of coherent magnonics, with potential applications ranging from microwave electronics to quantum information.
Drivers of improved PM
2.5
air quality in China from 2013 to 2017
Authors: Zhang Qiang , Zheng Yixuan , Tong Dan , Shao Min , Wang Shuxiao , Zhang Yuanhang , Xu Xiangde , Wang Jinnan , He Hong , Liu Wenqing , Ding Yihui , Lei Yu , Li Junhua , Wang Zifa , Zhang Xiaoye , Wang Yuesi , Cheng Jing , Liu Yang , Shi Qinren , Yan Liu , Geng Guannan , Hong Chaopeng , Li Meng , Liu Fei , Zheng Bo , Cao Junji , Ding Aijun , Gao Jian , Fu Qingyan , Huo Juntao , Liu Baoxian , Liu Zirui , Yang Fumo , He Kebin , Hao Jiming
Published: November 2019

From 2013 to 2017, with the implementation of the toughest-ever clean air policy in China, significant declines in fine particle (PM
2.5
) concentrations occurred nationwide. Here we estimate the drivers of the improved PM
2.5
air quality and the associated health benefits in China from 2013 to 2017 based on a measure-specific integrated evaluation approach, which combines a bottom-up emission inventory, a chemical transport model, and epidemiological exposure-response functions. The estimated national population–weighted annual mean PM
2.5
concentrations decreased from 61.8 (95%CI: 53.3–70.0) to 42.0 µg/m
3
(95% CI: 35.7–48.6) in 5 y, with dominant contributions from anthropogenic emission abatements. Although interannual meteorological variations could significantly alter PM
2.5
concentrations, the corresponding effects on the 5-y trends were relatively small. The measure-by-measure evaluation indicated that strengthening industrial emission standards (power plants and emission-intensive industrial sectors), upgrades on industrial boilers, phasing out outdated industrial capacities, and promoting clean fuels in the residential sector were major effective measures in reducing PM
2.5
pollution and health burdens. These measures were estimated to contribute to 6.6- (95% CI: 5.9–7.1), 4.4- (95% CI: 3.8–4.9), 2.8- (95% CI: 2.5–3.0), and 2.2- (95% CI: 2.0–2.5) µg/m
3
declines in the national PM
2.5
concentration in 2017, respectively, and further reduced PM
2.5
-attributable excess deaths by 0.37 million (95% CI: 0.35–0.39), or 92% of the total avoided deaths. Our study confirms the effectiveness of China’s recent clean air actions, and the measure-by-measure evaluation provides insights into future clean air policy making in China and in other developing and polluting countries.
Stakeholder engagement increases transparency, satisfaction, and civic action
Authors: Coleman Eric A. , Manyindo Jacob , Parker A. Rani , Schultz Bill
Published: November 2019

This study evaluates the effectiveness of a Stakeholder Engagement (SE) intervention in improving outcomes for communities affected by oil and gas extraction in Western Uganda. The study design is a randomized controlled trial where villages are randomly assigned to a treatment group (participating in SE) or a control group (not participating). Data are collected via household surveys at baseline and end line in 107 villages in the Albertine Graben. We find that SE improves transparency, civic activity, and satisfaction with issues that most concern the people under study. While satisfaction has improved, it is too early to ascertain whether these interventions improve long-term outcomes. These results are robust when controlling for spillover effects and other subregional fixed effects.
Metaphors in political communication
Authors: Heyvaert Pauline , Randour François , Dodeigne Jérémy , Perrez Julien , Reuchamps Min
Published: November 2019

This article analyses the use of (deliberate) metaphors in political discourse produced by French-speaking Belgian
regional parliamentarians during non-institutional political interviews. The article first investigates if the use of deliberate
metaphor limits itself to a particular type of political discourse (i.e. public and institutional political discourse) or if
metaphor use is also found in other types of settings (i.e. non-institutional political discourse). Second, the article analyses
the variation of deliberate metaphor use between political actors depending on gender, seniority and political affiliation. To
this end, the article applies Steen’s (2008) three-dimensional model of metaphor
analysis on biographical interviews conducted with French-speaking Belgian regional parliamentarians (RMPs). Our results indicate
that RMPs, when using non-deliberate metaphors, mostly rely on source domains such as construction, battle and
relationships. This is in contrast with the use of deliberate metaphors, where source domains like sports,
nature and container take the upper hand.
Generation, control, storage and retrieval of complicated shaped four-wave mixing signal
Authors: Mallick Nawaz Sarif , Dey Tarak Nath
Published: November 2019

We present an efficient scheme for the generation and control of a non-degenerate four-wave mixing (FWM) signal in an N-type inhomogeneously broadened 87Rb atomic system. We observe the propagation dynamics of the generated FWM signal along with the probe pulse under the condition of electromagnetically induced transparency. The FWM signal acquiring the scaled shape of the probe field travels through the medium without changing its shape and intensity. We have also shown that a time-dependent control field permits the storage and retrieval of these optical signals without losing their identity. This work allows us to generate, control, store and retrieve FWM signals of complicated shape.
Design of liquid fertilizer applicator based on Variable Rate Application (VRA) for Soybean
Authors: Fuadi M , Sutiarso L , Radi  , Virgawati S , Nugraheni P H T
Published: November 2019

The process of fertilization is one of the phase that is very important in improving the quality and quantity crops. The needs of plants nutrient on one stretch of the fact that not entirely uniform. In addition the use of chemical fertilizer continously with the doses increasing each year can upset the balance lands nutrient therefore it is necessary variable-rate liquid fertilizer applicator to set a dose of fertilizer required by the plant. This study attempts to design and test the performance of variable-rate liquid fertilizer applicator and soil nutrrient test. The applicator can be used to 4 line the soybean plant with distance cropping 40x20 cm. This applicator can control travel speed and dosage of fertilizers that were out of 4 Nozzle. Evaluation and its performance tested in the laboratorium. Discharge that was issued on PWM motor sprayer variations 40 to 100% produce discharge markedly dissimilar variations on each of the PWM sprayer. In application uniformity evaluations use the coefficient of variation (CV). The coefficient of variation of the discharge range 2.71-12.37% and there is a diversity of N, P and K soil contents in each land tested although the changes are not too different.
Spatial modelling of watershed health assessment by using GIS
Authors: Setyawan C , Susanto S , Lee CY
Published: November 2019

Watershed assessment methods have been developed in many types of approaches and purposes. However, the assessment concepts which are explicitly considering spatial aspects of a watershed remain unclear. The present study performed a spatial modeling for watershed health assessment in a Geographic Information System (GIS). Five indicators presented in GIS raster maps such as annual rainfall, land slope, land use/land cover (LULC) types, soil types and population density were used for the assessment and applied in Progo watershed, Central Java Province, Indonesia. A quantitative scoring was applied to classify indicator value and to categorize the watershed health level in five zones (very poor, poor, moderate, good and very good). The result shows that the study site is covered by three health level zones (poor, moderate and good). About 47.85% of the watershed area has a moderate health level. While, 39.04% and 13.11% of the watershed area are covered by areas with poor and good health level, respectively. Spatially, the area with poor health level is dominated by farmland and steep sloping area. Spatial modeling enables a watershed health assessment with a more specific and understandable result for watershed problems control.
Kinetics analysis of the effect of storage room temperature and packaging films characteristics on the rate of change of Sugar Palm Fruit (Arenga pinata) quality in A Modified Atmospheric Packaging (MAP)
Authors: Fatharani A , Bintoro N
Published: November 2019

Sugar palm fruit is a tropical fresh product which derived from sugar palm plants. Handling and storage of sugar palm fruit is still in the traditional way, and it creates difficulties for broader marketing. Storage air temperature and film packaging greatly affects to various factors of the fresh products damage that can be represented by the change in respiration rate of those produtcs. The aim of this study was to study the effect of storage temperature and plastic film characteristics on the change of the respiration rate of sugar palm fruit during storage period in the MAP. Several treatment combinations including storage temperature and plastic film thickness were investigated in the research. It was found that storage temperature had stronger effect on the respiration rate of sugar palm fruit as compared to the effect of packaging film thickness. The higher storage temperature the longer would the time to reach constant O2 and resulted in the higher respiration rate. Statistical analysis indicated that storage temperature, packaging film thickness, and the interaction of those two factors were significantly affect the respiration rate of the fruit. Arrhenius kinetics could explain the effect of storage temperature on respiration rate of sugar palm fruit.
Investigating the impact of Palm Sap Sugar proportion and fat content on heat stability of Milk Chocolate
Authors: Nafingah R , Kurniasari J , Cahyani A , Harmayani E , Saputro A D
Published: November 2019

Chocolate is characterised by its solid texture at relatively low temperature. However, it will easily melt as the temperature increase. This phenomenon contributes to the low level of chocolate quality in tropical countries. In order to cope with this problem, an innovation in producing thermostable chocolate is highly required. This work investigated the impact of fat content and palm sap sugar proportion on the heat stability of milk chocolate. Hardness of chocolate was used as a parameter to evaluate the chocolate stability against storage temperature. In this study, three levels of fat content, namely 30%, 32%, 34% and five palm sap sugar levels, namely 0%,25%,50%,75%,100% were used. The results showed that fat content, palm sap sugar proportion and their interaction significantly influenced the hardness of milk chocolate. Due to its moisture content, the hardness of chocolate increased as the proportion of palm sap sugar was increased. In contrast, at the same level of palm sap sugar proportion, the increase of fat content decreased the hardness of milk chocolate.
Changes of Petai during drying using freeze drying method
Authors: Akbar M A , Karyadi J N W , Imaniar D I , Mar’fuah S , Hati F I P
Published: November 2019

Petai (Parkia speciosa) is a plant of the type of legumes (Fabaceae). This plant is spread in Southeast Asian countries, especially in Indonesia, which is usually consumed as fresh food. Petai production increased from 2016 to 2017 by 9.45%, therefore petai is very abundant in Indonesia. Petai is known to contain sulfidic acid which is strong and easily damaged like other agricultural products. This causes a decrease in physical and chemical quality so that it can reduce consumer interest. One way to maintain the quality of agricultural products is frozen. This method is the most effective drying method. The purpose of this study was to study freeze-drying methods on the physical and chemical quality of petai seeds. The material used is petai pods that have been replaced from the skin of the aris. Petai pods are processed into dry petai. The freeze drying machine used has stainless steel with a total size of 0.7 m, width 0.5 m, and height 1 m. Drying was carried out by heating 60°C at a vacuum pressure of -73.5 cmHg. The initial air content (wet basis) produced by the thermogravimetric method with three samples averaged 83.61%, after drying the air content (wet basis) decreased by 9.868%. The study sample also showed physical changes using the color of three sample seeds. The mean values of colors L, a *, and b * before drying are 68.468; -24.123; and 35.167. After drying, the values of L, a *, and b * are 42.817; -21.76; and 18.977.
Development of mobile-based apps for oil palm fresh fruit bunch transport monitoring system
Authors: Krisdiarto A W , Wisnubhadra I
Published: November 2019

After being harvested, the oil palm fresh fruit bunch (FFB) has to be evacuated from the field and transported to the oil palm mill. In most cases, it transported using the trucks. FFB transportation should be optimized in order to achieve the best FFB quality and minimum cost. This research was aimed to develop tools to monitor trucks as FFB transport equipment, due to some deviations in the field. The Development of the application using these method: business process analysis, system analysis, system design, and implementation and functional test. The application software run as an Android-based application, as a map-based application, and using location-based service. The system also runs as a web-based application and has been tested on FFB logistic system in private plantation company. It monitored the truck route and FFB loading and transporting activities in the field, as well as gave instruction to the truck driver in order to avoid the heavy queue in an oil palm mill.
Optimalization of upja revenue (business provider services) rice cultivation using linear programing analysis in seputih raman district, central Lampung
Authors: Asmara S , Rahmawati W , Suharyatun S , Wibowo SA
Published: November 2019

Rejo Asri Gapoktan is a farmer group located in Seputih Raman District, Central Lampung Regency and has an Alsintan Service Provider (UPJA) Business for Rice cultivation. In carrying out its activities UPJA Gapoktan has several tools and machines related to the management of rice cultivation, including: tractors, hand tractors, transplants, plant maintenance tools (hand sprayers and power weeder) and combine harvester. The problem faced by Gapoktan is the management of tool management, especially in maximizing revenue gains from managing these tools and machines. During this time Gapoktan has not been able to obtain an ideal profit, only in the break-even stage between business income and expenditure. Constraints on the extent of claim for each tool, equipment rental time, tool working hours, number of operators, operational costs, and rejuvenation costs for each tool still cannot be harmonized, so that it has not been able to achieve maximum profit. One effort to provide a solution to the problem in this study is the use of the Simplex Method which is one of the analysis of Linear Programing which aims to maximize the benefits of UPJA. The research method used is a quantitative method using Linear Programing analysis method using QM-For Windows V helper software. 5. The results showed that Linear Function for Z max objective function = 4.305.000X1 + 3.255.000X2 + 3.258.500X3 + 16,800,000X4, where X1, X2, X3, and X4 are Tractors, Tractor Hand, Transplanters, and Combine Harvester respectively. And the equation of the constraint function P1 (Land Area) = 60X1 + 120X2 + 56X3 + 120X4 < = 9408, P2 (Rental Time) = 240X1 + 240X2 + 240X3 + 240X4 < = 1448, P3 (Tool Hours) = 56X1 + 120X2 + 56X3 + 120X4 < = 1448, P4 (Number of Operators) = X1 + 2X2 + 3X3 + 4X4 < = 10, P5 (Operating Costs) = 290000X1 + 290000X2 + 835000X3 + 800000X4 < = 38545000, P6 (Equipment Rejuvenation Costs) = 123000X1 + 93000X2 + 199500X3 + 240000X4 < = 11836500. Conclusion, after optimization, solutions of solutions X1, X2, X3, and X4 are 4.71, 0, 0, and 1.32, the total overall profit obtained by the Gapoktan Rejo Asri from the UPJA is Rp. 42,494,670., - for one planting season (MT) and for the Cropping Index in Seputih Raman Sub-district, 2 is made in one year is Rp. 84,989,340, - assuming profitability is in accordance with the objective function and the same constraint function.
Design of powertrain and steering system for six wheels agricultural transporter
Authors: Desrial  , Setiawan RPA , Sutejo A , Edris IM , Fauri MNA , Faris RA
Published: November 2019

Transportation activity of agriculture’s production inputs and products from farm to processing house or storage house is generally carried out on poor road condition. Therefore, a special vehicle that can transport the products and able to pass agricultural farm easily is needed. The objective of this research was to design the powertrain and turning system of six wheels agricultural transporter. The design criteria of this vehicle was as follow: load capacity 750 kg and vehicle’s dimension fits to road class III criteria. The main components of powertrain system and turning mechanism were chassis, engine, gearbox, chain, sprocket, shaft, disc brake and tire wheels. The method of this research followed the common procedure of machine design process and continued to manufacturing and testing. The performance test showed that maximum forward speed without carrying load was 7.8 kmh−1 and with maximum load was 6.6 kmh−1. The smallest 180° turning radius was 3.5 m at engine speed of 3500 rpm which occurred when vehicle without carrying load.
Evaluation and measurement of indoor air quality in the preschool building
Authors: Rahman M. A. A. , Awang M. , Syafiq Syazwan Mustafa M , Yusop Fatimah , Aini Mohd Sari Kamarul , Musa M.K. , Arif Rosli Mohd , Ahmad Faridahanim , Hamidon Nuramidah
Published: November 2019

Under the principle that a suitable temperature and air quality are key to guarantee optimal conditions of learning and growth to students, this study has evaluated the comfort of the classrooms from the data extracted after analyzing the temperatures, the interior of each building, as well as the relative humidity of the classroom environment. In addition, to measure the quality of the indoor air, six chemical contaminants of Carbon Dioxide (CO2), Carbon Monoxide (CO), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), Formaldehyde (HCHO), Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) and Particulate Matter (PM) in the classroom were measured. The results indicate that the physical parameters of each building were in good condition. Meanwhile, on the chemical contaminants, the measurement shows that the concentration of CO2, PM and VOC for most buildings exceeds the acceptable exposure limits. In the end, the recommendations for a good quality of the indoor environment in the classroom have been suggested through an emphasis on good design, construction and renovation of buildings as well as continuous maintenance practices.
Addressing GHG emissions from land transport in a developing country
Authors: Muhammad Saifuddin M R , Wan Asma Diana W R , Karim M R
Published: November 2019

The number of motor vehicles in Malaysia is growing at a significant rate, from around 15 million in 2005 to around 25 million in 2014. Based on the National GHG Inventory as reported to UNFCC, as a whole the transport sector has consistently remained the second largest GHG emitting sector in the country, accounting for 20% of the country’s total GHG emissions in 2014 of which about 18% comes from road transportation. In this paper, a possible approach in addressing the GHG emissions from the land transport sector is presented. The avoid-shift-improve strategy is employed to determine the possible measures to deal with mitigating the GHG emissions. Computation of GHG emissions for 2014 revealed that car is the vehicle with the biggest contribution, due to its large numbers and also VKT. Motorcycles, on the other hand, have relatively lower GHG contribution despite its huge numbers, while goods vehicle have significant GHG contribution despite its small number of vehicles. Public transport (both rail and bus) can significantly reduce GHG emission for each passenger-kilometer compared to other alternatives. Opting for smaller vehicle can also reduce GHG emissions. Another potential solution towards lower GHG emission is adoption of electric mobility and alternative fuel.
Operational factors of new flux cored wires of the Fe–C–Si–Mn–Cr–Ni–Mo system for surfacing of protective plates of shearer cutting drums
Authors: Kozyrev N A , Usoltsev A A , Kryukov R E , Gusev A I , Osetkovskiy I V
Published: November 2019

Evaluation of the joint effect of the chemical composition of flux cored wires on the wear and hardness of the deposited layer was carried out using mathematical-statistical methods, allowing the influence of the chemical composition of the flux cored wires on the performance of the weld layer of the mining equipment to be revealed. According to the results of the multifactor correlation analysis, the dependences of the hardness of the deposited layer and its wear resistance on the mass fraction of elements included in the flux cored wires composition of the Fe-C-Si-Mn-Cr-Ni-Mo system were determined. The obtained dependences are used to predict the hardness of the deposited layer and its wear resistance when the chemical composition of the weld metal is changed. New, protected by patents of the Russian Federation, flux cored wires of the system Fe-C-Si-Mn-Cr-Ni-Mo for surfacing the mining equipment were developed.
Development of new flux cored wires based on the tungsten oxide for improvement of drill bits wear resistance
Authors: Goryushkin V F , Bendre Yu V , Kozyrev N A , Kryukov R E , Shurupov V M
Published: November 2019

A new flux cored wire was developed for wear-resistant surfacing of machine parts in the mining and metallurgical industry, in which tungsten oxide WO3 and substances containing reducing agents: carbon and silicon are used as fillers.
Equivalent structure of a double-fed induction motor with a change in frequency of additional voltage for electric drive systems of mine winders
Authors: Ostrovlyanchik V Yu , Popolzin I Yu
Published: November 2019

Using a double-fed machine (DFM) circuit is a promising means of upgrading asynchronous electric drives in mine winders. However, the control range of the DFM speed is limited by an excessive drop in the critical torque and decrease in the rigidity of the mechanical characteristics at a speed reduction. Usage of synchronous mode of DFM operation for high-powered winders is fraught with considerable difficulties, in particular, with the instability of machine operation in this mode. The paper proposes a method for determining and evaluating the effect of the corrective action on the frequency of the rotor additional voltage on the critical torque and the rigidity of the DFM mechanical characteristics; the equivalent structure of a double-fed induction motor with a change in the of the additional voltage frequency on the rotor additional voltage and the results of experimental studies suggesting the possibility and necessity of implementing the method for using the DFM in electric drives of winders are given.
A study of the system “thyristor exciter - synchronous motor of a pump unit” in the conditions of a deep voltage drop
Authors: Kipervasser M V , Laktionov S A , Davydov S D , Gulamov Sh R
Published: November 2019

A mathematical model of the system “synchronous motor of a pump unit - thyristor exciter” was developed. The operation of the system model was investigated in the MatLab environment. The situation of a deep voltage drop in the power supply network was investigated. Graphs of changes in the currents of the stator and rotor windings during a voltage drop in the supply network were obtained and their analysis was performed.
Experimental and game-theoretic analysis of electricity markets
Authors: Petrov I V , Vartanov S A
Published: November 2019

There is a wide range of game-theoretic tools for electricity market analysis. An experiment is naturally formulated for any game-theoretic model verifying its validity or allowing the weak points of the theory, which cannot be realized in practice, to be identified. This paper discusses the applicability of the method of economic experiments for the electricity markets analysis. Despite the growing popularity of economic experiment as a method of cognition, not all branches of economic knowledge equally use the experimental approach. So, the experiments are most in demand in the theory of consumer behavior, neuroeconomics and theory of auctions. The experimental results of auction theory can significantly enrich studies of economics of the electric power industry. In addition, being introduced as a business game in the process of training students – the prospective top-level managers of the fuel and energy complex, economic experiments will also help to fulfill an educational function, as evidenced by the experience of their performance by the authors at the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation.
Magnetic proximity in a van der Waals heterostructure of magnetic insulator and graphene
Authors: Karpiak Bogdan , Cummings Aron W , Zollner Klaus , Vila Marc , Khokhriakov Dmitrii , Hoque Anamul Md , Dankert André , Svedlindh Peter , Fabian Jaroslav , Roche Stephan , Dash Saroj P
Published: November 2019

Engineering 2D material heterostructures by combining the best of different materials in one ultimate unit can offer a plethora of opportunities in condensed matter physics. Here, in the van der Waals heterostructures of the ferromagnetic insulator Cr2Ge2Te6 and graphene, our observations indicate an out-of-plane proximity-induced ferromagnetic exchange interaction in graphene. The perpendicular magnetic anisotropy of Cr2Ge2Te6 results in significant modification of the spin transport and precession in graphene, which can be ascribed to the proximity-induced exchange interaction. Furthermore, the observation of a larger lifetime for perpendicular spins in comparison to the in-plane counterpart suggests the creation of a proximity-induced anisotropic spin texture in graphene. Our experimental results and density functional theory calculations open up opportunities for the realization of proximity-induced magnetic interactions and spin filters in 2D material heterostructures and can form the basic building blocks for future spintronic and topological quantum devices.
Effects of radial extracorporeal shockwave therapy on spasticity of upper-limb agonist/antagonist muscles in patients affected by stroke: a randomized, single-blind clinical trial
Authors: Li Gaiyan , Yuan Wenchao , Liu Gongliang , Qiao Lei , Zhang Ying , Wang Yan , Wang Wei , Zhao Minglei , Wang Yanmin , Wang Jie
Published: November 2019

Background

the effects of radial extracorporeal shock wave therapy (rESWT) were assessed on agonist/antagonist muscles in stroke patients with elbow spasticity, the duration of effects and influence on function.

Methods

patients were randomly assigned into groups: control (A, n = 25), rESWT on agonist muscles (B, n = 27) and rESWT on antagonist muscles (C, n = 30) groups. Conventional physical therapy was given to three groups for 3 weeks, six times a week, and besides, rESWT was given at 4-day intervals for five consecutive treatments, B received rESWT on agonist muscles and C received rESWT on antagonist muscles. The primary outcome was Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS) scores. Modified Tardieu Scale, Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Fugl-Meyer Assessment and swelling scale (SS) scores were secondary outcomes. Indicators were assessed at baseline, after five treatments and after 4 weeks follow-up.

Results

the rate of treatment was determined by changes in MAS, which was 16.0 (A), 70.4 (B) and 63.3% (C) after rESWT treatments, and was 24.0 (A), 74.1 (B) and 66.7% (C) after 4 weeks follow-up. Improvements were achieved for R1 (P < 0.01), R2 (P < 0.01) and VAS (P < 0.01) after five rESWT interventions. At 4 weeks, significant improvements were achieved for R1 (P < 0.01) and VAS (P < 0.01).

Conclusions

rESWT is an effective therapy for spasticity after stroke, with lasting effects on both agonist and antagonist muscles after 4 weeks. rESWT relieved pain but had no effect on active function or swelling of the upper limbs.
Estimated societal costs of stroke in the UK based on a discrete event simulation
Authors: Patel Anita , Berdunov Vladislav , Quayyum Zahidul , King Derek , Knapp Martin , Wittenberg Raphael
Published: November 2019

Background

there are around 100,000 new stroke cases and over a million people living with its consequences annually in the UK. This has large impacts on health and social care, unpaid carers and lost productivity. We aimed to estimate associated costs.

Methods

we estimated 2014/2015 annual mean cost per person and aggregate UK cost of stroke for individuals aged ≥40 from a societal perspective. Health and social care costs in the first and subsequent years after stroke were estimated from discrete event simulation modelling, with probability of progression and length of receipt of different health and social care services obtained from routine registry and audit data. Unpaid care hours and lost productivity were obtained from trial data. UK unit costs were applied to estimate mean costs. Epidemiological estimates of stroke incidence and prevalence were then applied to estimate aggregate costs for the UK.

Results

mean cost of new-onset stroke is £45,409 (95% CI 42,054-48,763) in the first year after stroke and £24,778 (20,234–29,322) in subsequent years. Aggregate societal cost of stroke is £26 billion per year, including £8.6 billion for NHS and social care. The largest component of total cost was unpaid care (61%) and, given high survival, £20.6 billion related to ongoing care.

Conclusion

the estimated aggregate cost of stroke substantially exceeds previous UK estimates. Since most of the cost is attributed to unpaid care, interventions aimed at rehabilitation and reducing new and recurrent stroke are likely to yield substantial benefits to carers and cost savings to society.
Estimated Number of Lifetime Ovulatory Years and Its Determinants in Relation to Levels of Circulating Inflammatory Biomarkers
Authors: Huang Tianyi , Shafrir Amy L , Eliassen A Heather , Rexrode Kathryn M , Tworoger Shelley S
Published: November 2019

Reproductive events, such as ovulation, trigger an inflammatory cascade. Few studies have examined their long-term influence on inflammatory profiles. We included 3,393 premenopausal and 3,915 postmenopausal women with intact ovaries/uterus from the Nurses’ Health studies (Nurses’ Health Study (1989–1990) and Nurses’ Health Study II (1996–1999)) in an analysis of the association between lifetime ovulatory years (LOY) and levels of inflammatory biomarkers. We estimated LOY as age at menopause (age at blood collection for premenopausal women) minus age at menarche, subtracting years of oral contraceptive (OC) use and 1 year per pregnancy. After adjustment for other inflammation-related factors (e.g., body mass index, exercise, diet), every 5-year increase in LOY was associated with lower C-reactive protein (CRP) levels in both premenopausal (difference = −11.5%, 95% confidence interval: −15.0, −8.0; P < 0.0001) and postmenopausal (difference = −7.2%, 95% confidence interval: −10.0, −4.3; P < 0.0001) women. Older age at menopause (P = 0.007), earlier menarche (P = 0.007), and shorter duration of OC use (P = 0.002) were associated with lower CRP levels in postmenopausal women, whereas duration of OC use was positively associated with CRP levels in premenopausal women (P < 0.0001). LOY was modestly inversely associated with interleukin 6 in postmenopausal women (P = 0.03). Notably, the associations of CRP with LOY were similar in magnitude to associations with exercise and a healthy diet, though weaker than the association with body mass index. Although many reproductive events induce acute inflammation, increased LOY was associated with lower chronic systemic inflammation even after menopause.
Comparative transcriptome, physiological and biochemical analyses reveal response mechanism mediated by CBF4 and ICE2 in enhancing cold stress tolerance in Gossypium thurberi
Authors: Cai Xiaoyan , Magwanga Richard Odongo , Xu Yanchao , Zhou Zhongli , Wang Xingxing , Hou Yuqing , Wang Yuhong , Zhang Yuanming , Liu Fang , Wang Kunbo
Published: November 2019

Low temperature is one of the key environmental stresses that impair plant growth and significantly restricts the productivity and spatial distribution of crop plants. Gossypium thurberi, a wild diploid cotton species, has adapted to a wide range of temperatures and exhibits a better tolerance to chilling stress. Here, we compared phenotypes and physiochemical changes in G. thurberi under cold stress and found this species indeed showed better cold tolerance. Therefore, to understand the molecular mechanisms of the cold tolerance in G. thurberi, we compared transcription changes in leaves of G. thurberi under cold stress by high-throughput transcriptome sequencing. In total, 35 617 unigenes were identified in the whole-genome transcription profile, and 4226 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were discovered in the leaves upon cold treatment. Gene Ontology (GO) classification analyses showed that the majority of DEGs belonged to categories of signal transduction, transcription factors (TFs) and carbohydrate transport and metabolism. The expression of several cold-responsive genes such as ICE1, CBF4, RAP2-7 and abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis genes involved in different signalling pathways were induced after G. thurberi seedlings were exposed to cold stress. Furthermore, cold sensitivity was increased in CBF4 and ICE2 virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) plants, and high level of malondialdehyde (MDA) showed that the CBF4 and ICE2 silenced plants were under oxidative stress compared to their wild types, which relatively had higher levels of antioxidant enzyme activity, as evident by high levels of proline and superoxide dismutase (SOD) content. In conclusion, our findings reveal a new regulatory network of cold stress response in G. thurberi and broaden our understanding of the cold tolerance mechanism in cotton, which might accelerate functional genomics studies and genetic improvement for cold stress tolerance in cultivated cotton.
Surveys with small optical telescopes
Authors: Lynas-Gray A E
Published: November 2019

Tony Lynas-Gray reviews the history of surveys with small telescopes and explains why they are still vital to support much larger telescopes.
All-FIT: allele-frequency-based imputation of tumor purity from high-depth sequencing data
Authors: Loh Jui Wan , Guccione Caitlin , Di Clemente Frances , Riedlinger Gregory , Ganesan Shridar , Khiabanian Hossein
Published: November 2019

Clinical sequencing aims to identify somatic mutations in cancer cells for accurate diagnosis and treatment. However, most widely used clinical assays lack patient-matched control DNA and additional analysis is needed to distinguish somatic and unfiltered germline variants. Such computational analyses require accurate assessment of tumor cell content in individual specimens. Histological estimates often do not corroborate with results from computational methods that are primarily designed for normal–tumor matched data and can be confounded by genomic heterogeneity and presence of sub-clonal mutations. Allele-frequency-based imputation of tumor (All-FIT) is an iterative weighted least square method to estimate specimen tumor purity based on the allele frequencies of variants detected in high-depth, targeted, clinical sequencing data. Using simulated and clinical data, we demonstrate All-FIT’s accuracy and improved performance against leading computational approaches, highlighting the importance of interpreting purity estimates based on expected biology of tumors.

Availability and implementation

Freely available at http://software.khiabanian-lab.org.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
TFmiR2: constructing and analyzing disease-, tissue- and process-specific transcription factor and microRNA co-regulatory networks
Authors: Nazarieh Maryam , Hamed Mohamed , Spaniol Christian , Will Thorsten , Helms Volkhard
Published: November 2019

TFmiR2 is a freely available web server for constructing and analyzing integrated transcription factor (TF) and microRNA (miRNA) co-regulatory networks for human and mouse. TFmiR2 generates tissue- and biological process-specific networks for the set of deregulated genes and miRNAs provided by the user. Furthermore, the service can now identify key driver genes and miRNAs in the constructed networks by utilizing the graph theoretical concept of a minimum connected dominating set. These putative key players as well as the newly implemented four-node TF-miRNA motifs yield novel insights that may assist in developing new therapeutic approaches.

Availability and implementation

The TFmiR2 web server is available at http://service.bioinformatik.uni-saarland.de/tfmir2.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.