bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Current laboratory and clinical practices in reporting and interpreting anti-nuclear antibody indirect immunofluorescence (ANA IIF) patterns: results of an international survey
Authors: Van Hoovels Lieve , Broeders Sylvia , Chan Edward K. L. , Andrade Luis , de Melo Cruvinel Wilson , Damoiseaux Jan , Viander Markku , Herold Manfred , Coucke Wim , Heijnen Ingmar , Bogdanos Dimitrios , Calvo-Alén Jaime , Eriksson Catharina , Kozmar Ana , Kuhi Liisa , Bonroy Carolien , Lauwerys Bernard , Schouwers Sofie , Lutteri Laurence , Vercammen Martine , Mayer Miroslav , Patel Dina , Egner William , Puolakka Kari , Tesija-Kuna Andrea , Shoenfeld Yehuda , de Sousa Maria José Rego , Hoyos Marcos Lopez , Radice Antonella , Bossuyt Xavier
Published: November 2020

Background

The International Consensus on Antinuclear Antibody (ANA) Patterns (ICAP) has recently proposed nomenclature in order to harmonize ANA indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) pattern reporting. ICAP distinguishes competent-level from expert-level patterns. A survey was organized to evaluate reporting, familiarity, and considered clinical value of ANA IIF patterns.

Methods

Two surveys were distributed by European Autoimmunity Standardization Initiative (EASI) working groups, the International Consensus on ANA Patterns (ICAP) and UK NEQAS to laboratory professionals and clinicians.

Results

438 laboratory professionals and 248 clinicians from 67 countries responded. Except for dense fine speckled (DFS), the nuclear competent patterns were reported by > 85% of the laboratories. Except for rods and rings, the cytoplasmic competent patterns were reported by > 72% of laboratories.

Cytoplasmic IIF staining was considered ANA positive by 55% of clinicians and 62% of laboratory professionals, with geographical and expertise-related differences.

Quantification of fluorescence intensity was considered clinically relevant for nuclear patterns, but less so for cytoplasmic and mitotic patterns. Combining IIF with specific extractable nuclear antigens (ENA)/dsDNA antibody testing was considered most informative.

Of the nuclear competent patterns, the centromere and homogeneous pattern obtained the highest scores for clinical relevance and the DFS pattern the lowest. Of the cytoplasmic patterns, the reticular/mitochondria-like pattern obtained the highest scores for clinical relevance and the polar/Golgi-like and rods and rings patterns the lowest.

Conclusion

This survey confirms that the major nuclear and cytoplasmic ANA IIF patterns are considered clinically important. There is no unanimity on classifying DFS, rods and rings and polar/Golgi-like as a competent pattern and on reporting cytoplasmic patterns as ANA IIF positive.
KRAS mutation effects on the 2-[18F]FDG PET uptake of colorectal adenocarcinoma metastases in the liver
Authors: Popovic M. , Talarico O. , van den Hoff J. , Kunin H. , Zhang Z. , Lafontaine D. , Dogan S. , Leung J. , Kaye E. , Czmielewski C. , Mayerhoefer M. E. , Zanzonico P. , Yaeger R. , Schöder H. , Humm J. L. , Solomon S. B. , Sofocleous C. T. , Kirov A. S.
Published: November 2020

Background

Deriving individual tumor genomic characteristics from patient imaging analysis is desirable. We explore the predictive value of 2-[18F]FDG uptake with regard to the KRAS mutational status of colorectal adenocarcinoma liver metastases (CLM).

Methods

2-[18F]FDG PET/CT images, surgical pathology and molecular diagnostic reports of 37 patients who underwent PET/CT-guided biopsy of CLM were reviewed under an IRB-approved retrospective research protocol. Sixty CLM in 39 interventional PET scans of the 37 patients were segmented using two different auto-segmentation tools implemented in different commercially available software packages. PET standard uptake values (SUV) were corrected for: (1) partial volume effect (PVE) using cold wall-corrected contrast recovery coefficients derived from phantom spheres with variable diameter and (2) variability of arterial tracer supply and variability of uptake time after injection until start of PET scan derived from the tumor-to-blood standard uptake ratio (SUR) approach. The correlations between the KRAS mutational status and the mean, peak and maximum SUV were investigated using Student’s t test, Wilcoxon rank sum test with continuity correction, logistic regression and receiver operation characteristic (ROC) analysis.
These correlation analyses were also performed for the ratios of the mean, peak and maximum tumor uptake to the mean blood activity concentration at the time of scan: SURMEAN, SURPEAK and SURMAX, respectively.

Results

Fifteen patients harbored KRAS missense mutations (KRAS+), while another 3 harbored KRAS gene amplification. For 31 lesions, the mutational status was derived from the PET/CT-guided biopsy. The Student’s t test p values for separating KRAS mutant cases decreased after applying PVE correction to all uptake metrics of each lesion and when applying correction for uptake time variability to the SUR metrics. The observed correlations were strongest when both corrections were applied to SURMAX and when the patients harboring gene amplification were grouped with the wild type: p ≤ 0.001; ROC area under the curve = 0.77 and 0.75 for the two different segmentations, respectively, with a mean specificity of 0.69 and sensitivity of 0.85.

Conclusion

The correlations observed after applying the described corrections show potential for assigning probabilities for the KRAS missense mutation status in CLM using 2-[18F]FDG PET images.
RNAi-mediated silencing of Trichinella spiralis serpin-type serine protease inhibitors results in a reduction in larval infectivity
Authors: Yi Nana , Yu Pengcheng , Wu Lijia , Liu Zhaokun , Guan Jingzhe , Liu Chang , Liu Mingxu , Lu Yixin
Published: November 2020

Trichinella spiralisserpin-type serine protease inhibitors (TsSPIs) are expressed in adult worms (AW), newborn larvae (NBL) and muscle larvae (ML) ofT. spiralis, with the ML stage demonstrating the highest expression level. This study aims to determine TsSPI functions in larval viability and invasion of intestinal epithelial cells in vitro, as well as their development, survival, and fecundity in vivo via RNAi. TsSPI-specific siRNAs and dsRNA were transfected into ML by incubation. The silencing effect of TsSPI transcription and expression was determined using qPCR and western blot, respectively. After incubation in 60 ng/μL dsRNA–TsSPI for 3 days, larval TsSPI mRNA and protein expression levels were reduced by 68.7% and 68.4% (P < 0.05), respectively. dsRNA-mediated silencing of TsSPI significantly impacted larval invasion into intestinal epithelial cells in vitro but did not affect the survival rate of larvae. After challenge with dsRNA–TsSPI-treated ML, mice exhibited a 56.0% reduction in intestinal AW burden and 56.9% reduction in ML burden (P < 0.05), but NBL production of female AW remained the same (P > 0.05). Our results revealed that RNAi-mediated silencing of TsSPI expression inT. spiralissignificantly reduced larval infectivity and survival in the host but had no effect on the survival rate and fecundity. Furthermore, TsSPIs have no effect on the growth and reproduction of parasites but may be directly involved in regulating the interaction ofT. spiralisand the host. Therefore, TsSPIs are crucial in the process ofT. spiralislarval invasion and parasite survival in the host.
Management of pharmaceutical and recreational drug poisoning
Authors: Mégarbane Bruno , Oberlin Mathieu , Alvarez Jean-Claude , Balen Frederic , Beaune Sébastien , Bédry Régis , Chauvin Anthony , Claudet Isabelle , Danel Vincent , Debaty Guillaume , Delahaye Arnaud , Deye Nicolas , Gaulier Jean-Michel , Grossenbacher Francis , Hantson Philippe , Jacobs Frédéric , Jaffal Karim , Labadie Magali , Labat Laurence , Langrand Jérôme , Lapostolle Frédéric , Le Conte Philippe , Maignan Maxime , Nisse Patrick , Sauder Philippe , Tournoud Christine , Vodovar Dominique , Voicu Sebastian , Claret Pierre-Géraud , Cerf Charles
Published: November 2020

Background

Poisoning is one of the leading causes of admission to the emergency department and intensive care unit. A large number of epidemiological changes have occurred over the last years such as the exponential growth of new synthetic psychoactive substances. Major progress has also been made in analytical screening and assays, enabling the clinicians to rapidly obtain a definite diagnosis.

Methods

A committee composed of 30 experts from five scientific societies, theSociété de Réanimation de Langue Française(SRLF), theSociété Française de Médecine d’Urgence(SFMU), theSociété de Toxicologie Clinique(STC), theSociété Française de Toxicologie Analytique(SFTA) and theGroupe Francophone de Réanimation et d’Urgences Pédiatriques(GFRUP) evaluated eight fields: (1) severity assessment and initial triage; (2) diagnostic approach and role of toxicological analyses; (3) supportive care; (4) decontamination; (5) elimination enhancement; (6) place of antidotes; (7) specificities related to recreational drug poisoning; and (8) characteristics of cardiotoxicant poisoning. Population, Intervention, Comparison, and Outcome (PICO) questions were reviewed and updated as needed, and evidence profiles were generated. Analysis of the literature and formulation of recommendations were then conducted according to the GRADE®methodology.

Results

The SRLF-SFMU guideline panel provided 41 statements concerning the management of pharmaceutical and recreational drug poisoning. Ethanol and chemical poisoning were excluded from the scope of these recommendations. After two rounds of discussion and various amendments, a strong consensus was reached for all recommendations. Six of these recommendations had a high level of evidence (GRADE 1±) and six had a low level of evidence (GRADE 2±). Twenty-nine recommendations were in the form of expert opinion recommendations due to the low evidences in the literature.

Conclusions

The experts reached a substantial consensus for several strong recommendations for optimal management of pharmaceutical and recreational drug poisoning, mainly regarding the conditions and effectiveness of naloxone andN-acetylcystein as antidotes to treat opioid and acetaminophen poisoning, respectively.
Research on image recognition of intangible cultural heritage based on CNN and wireless network
Authors: Liu Enmao
Published: November 2020

The image of national costumes is the main way of presenting the digitalization of intangible cultural heritage and provides important resources for educational informatization. How to use modern information technology to efficiently retrieve images of national costumes has become a hot research topic. Due to the diverse styles and colorful colors of ethnic costumes, it is difficult to accurately describe and extract visual features. In view of the above problems, this paper proposes an image recognition model of intangible cultural heritage based on CNN and wireless network. First of all, the clothing images of ethnic settlements and ethnic museums are acquired through wireless network transmission, so as to construct an image material library of intangible cultural heritage. Secondly, the CNN algorithm is used to train and optimize the national costume image samples, extract the high-level semantic features of the national costume image and finally realize the efficient retrieval of the national costume image educational resources. This model lays a good foundation for the informatization of national costumes and contributes to the inheritance and protection of intangible cultural heritage.
Generalized hypergeometric distribution and its applications on univalent functions
Authors: Themangani Rajavadivelu , Porwal Saurabh , Magesh Nanjundan
Published: November 2020

The purpose of the present paper is to introduce a generalized hypergeometric distribution and obtain some necessary and sufficient conditions for generalized hypergeometric distribution series belonging to certain classes of univalent functions associated with the conic domains. We also investigate some inclusion relations. Finally, we discuss an integral operator related to this series.
Optimal selection of injection doses and injection timings for insulin therapy in a limited time
Authors: Liu Shouzong , Yu Ling , Huang Mingzhan , Shi Xiangyun
Published: November 2020

In this paper, we study the injection strategies of insulin for the impulsive therapy of diabetes in a limited time. According to whether we consider the risk of hypoglycemia or not, we develop two different control objectives and investigate three different injection strategies for each control objective. We apply a time-rescaling method to overcome technical obstacles in optimal impulsive control and compute the gradient formulas of cost functions with respect to injection doses and injection timings. By means of numerical simulations we get the optimal injection doses and injection timings for each injection strategy. Our study indicates that for the control objective without considering the risk of hypoglycemia, the optimal injection timing control is more effective than the optimal injection dose control, whereas the mixed control achieves almost the same effect as the optimal injection timing control. For the other control objective considering the risk of hypoglycemia, the optimal injection timing control performs better than the optimal injection dose control in avoiding emergence of hypoglycemia, and the mixed control provides the best strategy in preventing hyperglycemia from occurrence.
A nonlinear generalized subdivision scheme of arbitrary degree with a tension parameter
Authors: Zhang Zeze , Zheng Hongchan , Zhou Jie , Pan Lulu
Published: November 2020

In this paper, a nonlinear generalized subdivision scheme of arbitrary degree with a tension parameter is presented, which refines 2D point-normal pairs. The construction of the scheme is built upon the stationary linear generalized subdivision scheme of arbitrary degree with a tension parameter, by replacing the weighted binary arithmetic average in the linear scheme with the circle average. For such a nonlinear scheme, we investigate its smoothness and get that it can reach $C^{1}$

C
1

with suitable choices of the tension parameter when degree $m\geq 3$
m
≥
3
. Besides, the nonlinear scheme can reconstruct the circle and the selection of parameters and initial normal vectors can effectively control the shape of the limit curves.
Bifurcation and exact solutions for the ($2+1$)-dimensional conformable time-fractional Zoomeron equation
Authors: Li Zhao , Han Tianyong
Published: November 2020

In this paper, the bifurcation and new exact solutions for the ($2+1$2+1)-dimensional conformable time-fractional Zoomeron equation are investigated by utilizing two reliable methods, which are generalized$(G'/G)$(G′/G)-expansion method and the integral bifurcation method. The exact solutions of the ($2+1$2+1)-dimensional conformable time-fractional Zoomeron equation are obtained by utilizing the generalized$(G'/G)$(G′/G)-expansion method, these solutions are classified as hyperbolic function solutions, trigonometric function solutions, and rational function solutions. Giving different parameter conditions, many integral bifurcations, phase portraits, and traveling wave solutions for the equation are obtained via the integral bifurcation method. Graphical representations of different kinds of the exact solutions reveal that the two methods are of significance for constructing the exact solutions of fractional partial differential equation.
Stochastic model of tuberculosis with vaccination of newborns
Authors: Tilahun Getachew Teshome , Belachew Melisew Tefera , Gebreselassie Zinabu
Published: November 2020

In this paper we have proposed a stochastic model for studying the dynamics of tuberculosis (TB) by incorporating vaccination of newly born babies. The total population in this model is subdivided in to four compartments, namely susceptible$S ( t )$S(t), infected$I ( t )$I(t), vaccinated newborns$V ( t ) $V(t), and recovered$R ( t ) $R(t). First, the developed model is expressed and analyzed by the deterministic approach. Since this approach neglects the randomness of the dynamics of the process, it has great limitations in the modeling process. To avoid this kind of issues, we transform the deterministic approach into a stochastic one, which is known to play a significant role by providing additional degree of realism compared to the deterministic approach. The analysis of the model is done employing both approaches. The invariant region, positivity of the solution, equilibrium points and their stability are checked. According to the analysis, we came to realize that the basic reproduction number for the stochastic approach is smaller than the deterministic one. We have conducted various numerical experiments and obtained interesting simulation results which indicate that a combination of increased newborn vaccination and appropriate treatment of infected individuals have a great contribution in combating TB. It is worth mentioning that the simulation results confirm the conclusion drawn from the qualitative analysis of the model.
Integrated resource management pipeline for dynamic resource-effective cloud data center
Authors: Hassan Hanan A. , Maiyza Aya I. , Sheta Walaa M.
Published: November 2020

Cloud computing is a popular emerging computing technology that has revolutionized information technology through flexible provisioning of computing resources. Therefore, efforts to develop an effective resource management approach have found that implementing efficient resource sharing among multiple customers that considers power saving, service-level agreements, and network traffic simultaneously is difficult. This paper proposes a practical integrated pipeline that can use various algorithms. The performance of each algorithm is evaluated independently to obtain the combination of algorithms that guarantees a resource-effective cloud data center framework. This integrated resource management pipeline approach would optimize performance based on several key performance indicators, such as power saving, network traffic, and service-level agreements, for either the whole system or the end-user. The performance of the proposed resource management framework was evaluated using a real testbed. The results demonstrated that the proactive double exponential smoothing algorithm prevents unnecessary migrations, the MMTMC2 VM selection algorithm improved the quality of service for end-users and reduced overall energy consumption and network traffic, and the medium-fit placement algorithm provided load balancing between active servers and decreased service level agreement violations. The performance comparison illustrated that the combination of these algorithms was considered to be the best solution toward a dynamic resource-effective cloud data center. Our results showed that energy consumption and the total number of migrations decreased by 16.64% and 49.44%, respectively.
The effect of adding goal-directed hemodynamic management for elective patients in an established enhanced recovery program for colorectal surgery: results of quasi-experimental pragmatic trial
Authors: McEvoy Matthew D. , Wanderer Jonathan P. , Shi Yaping , Ramanujan Krishnan S. , Geiger Timothy M. , Shotwell Matthew S. , Shaw Andrew D. , Hawkins Alexander T. , Martin Barbara J. , Mythen Michael G. , Sandberg Warren S.
Published: November 2020

Background

Recent literature has demonstrated that hemodynamic instability in the intraoperative period places patients at risk of poor outcomes. Furthermore, recent studies have reported that stroke volume optimization and protocolized hemodynamic management may improve perioperative outcomes, especially surgical site infection (SSI), in certain high-risk populations. However, the optimal strategy for intraoperative management of all elective patients within an enhanced recovery program remains to be elucidated.

Methods

We performed a pre-post quasi-experimental study to assess the effect of adding goal-directed hemodynamic therapy to an enhanced recovery program (ERP) for colorectal surgery on SSI and other outcomes. Three groups were compared: “Pre-ERP,” defined as historical control (before enhanced recovery program); “ERP,” defined as enhanced recovery program using zero fluid balance; and “ERP+GDHT,” defined as enhanced recovery program plus goal-directed hemodynamic therapy. Outcomes were obtained through our National Surgical Quality Improvement Program participation.

Results

A total of 623 patients were included in the final analysis (Pre-ERP = 246, ERP = 140, and ERP + GDHT = 237). Demographics and baseline clinical characteristics were balanced between groups. We did not observe statistically significant differences in SSI or composite complication rates in unadjusted or adjusted analysis. There was no evidence of association between study group and 30-day readmission. American Society of Anesthesiologists status ≥ 3 and open surgical approach were significantly associated with increased risk of SSI, composite complication, and 30-day readmission (p < 0.05 for all) in all groups.

Conclusions

There was no evidence that addition of goal-directed hemodynamic therapy for all patients in an enhanced recovery program for colorectal surgery affects the risk of SSI, composite complications, or 30-day readmission. Further research is needed to investigate whether there is benefit of goal-directed hemodynamic therapy for select high-risk populations.

Trial registration

NCT03189550. Registered 16 June 2017–Retrospectively registered, https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/results?cond=&term=NCT03189550&cntry=&state=&city=&dist=
Upper limb muscle atrophy associated with in-hospital mortality and physical function impairments in mechanically ventilated critically ill adults: a two-center prospective observational study
Authors: Nakanishi Nobuto , Oto Jun , Tsutsumi Rie , Akimoto Yusuke , Nakano Yuki , Nishimura Masaji
Published: November 2020

Background

Lower limb muscle atrophy is often observed in critically ill patients. Although upper limb muscles can undergo atrophy, it remains unclear how this atrophy is associated with clinical outcomes. We hypothesized that this atrophy is associated with mortality and impairments in physical function.

Methods

In this two-center prospective observational study, we included adult patients who were expected to require mechanical ventilation for > 48 h and remain in the intensive care unit (ICU) for > 5 days. We used ultrasound to evaluate the cross-sectional area of the biceps brachii on days 1, 3, 5, and 7 and upon ICU discharge along with assessment of physical functions. The primary outcome was the relationship between muscle atrophy ratio and in-hospital mortality on each measurement day, which was assessed using multivariate analysis. The secondary outcomes were the relationships between upper limb muscle atrophy and Medical Research Council (MRC) score, handgrip strength, ICU Mobility Scale (IMS) score, and Functional Status Score for the ICU (FSS-ICU).

Results

Sixty-four patients (43 males; aged 70 ± 13 years) were enrolled. The Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II score was 27 (22–30), and in-hospital mortality occurred in 21 (33%) patients. The decreased cross-sectional area of the biceps brachii was not associated with in-hospital mortality on day 3 (p= 0.43) but was associated on days 5 (p= 0.01) and 7 (p< 0.01), which was confirmed after adjusting for sex, age, and APACHE II score. In 27 patients in whom physical functions were assessed, the decrease of the cross-sectional area of the biceps brachii was associated with MRC score (r= 0.47,p= 0.01), handgrip strength (r= 0.50,p= 0.01), and FSS-ICU (r= 0.56,p< 0.01), but not with IMS score (r= 0.35,p= 0.07) upon ICU discharge.

Conclusions

Upper limb muscle atrophy was associated with in-hospital mortality and physical function impairments; thus, it is prudent to monitor it. (321 words)

Trial registration

UMIN 000031316. Retrospectively registered on 15 February 2018.
Simultaneous rupture on conjugate faults during the 2018 Anchorage, Alaska, intraslab earthquake (MW 7.1) inverted from strong-motion waveforms
Authors: Guo Yujia , Miyakoshi Ken , Tsurugi Masato
Published: November 2020

AnMW7.1 ~ 50-km-deep intraslab earthquake within the Pacific/Yakutat slab underlying the North American Plate struck Anchorage, southern Alaska, on November 30, 2018. The ground-motion records very close to the source region of the Anchorage earthquake provide an important opportunity to better understand the source characteristics of intraslab earthquakes in this subduction zone. We estimated the kinematic rupture process during this earthquake using a series of strong-motion waveform (0.05–0.4 Hz) inversions. Our inversions clearly indicate that the Anchorage earthquake was a rare intraslab event with simultaneous rupture on two conjugate faults, which are recognized sometimes for shallow crustal earthquakes but rarely for deep intraslab earthquakes. Interestingly, one of the conjugate faults had low aftershock productivity. This fault extends to great depth and may reflect a deep oceanic Moho or a local low-velocity and high-VP/VSzone within the oceanic mantle. Even though the Anchorage earthquake was a rare event due to the conjugate faults, we found that its kinematic source parameters such as the slip amplitude and large slip area nearly equal the global averages derived from source scaling relationships for intraslab earthquakes. Because the source parameters comparable to the global averages were also found for another large intraslab earthquake in the subducting Pacific/Yakutat slab, these source parameters are likely an important source characteristic common to this subduction zone.
Effect of some rhizosphere bacteria on root-knot nematodes
Authors: AbdelRazek Ghena Mamdouh , Yaseen Rabaa
Published: November 2020

Background

Root-knot nematodes are among the world’s most damaging endoparasitic sedentary nematodes, especially, Meloidogyne incognita that infects a wide range of plant hosts. The activity of different antagonistic bacteria was studied for the low-cost and eco-friendly management of M. incognita on eggplant.

Main body

Twenty-five isolates were isolated from rhizosphere soils infected with nematodes. Of these, 6 isolates displayed the highest activity, demonstrating 100% mortality of J2 nematodes under laboratory conditions. Partial sequencing of 16S rRNA gene and phylogenetic analysis was used to identify the selected isolates and they were found to be Paenibacillus amylolyticus, Brevibacillus agri, Gluconobacter frateurii, Beijerinckia mobilis, Achromobacter aloeverae, and Pseudomonas stutzeri. The abilities of the selected isolates to produce hydrogen cyanide, siderophores, chitinase, protease, indole acetic acid, and to dissolve phosphorus were also detected.

Conclusion

The results of the greenhouse experiment indicated that all the tested bacteria had a greatly significant effectiveness for suppressing root-knot nematode M. incognita. Application of all the rhizosphere bacteria and their combinations reduced the number of galls, number of juveniles, egg-masses, eggs, females, and total final population. All bio-agent treatments succeeded in improving the plant growth parameters and increased the microbial density in eggplant rhizosphere.
Chromium (VI) tolerance and bioaccumulation by Candida tropicalis isolated from textile wastewater
Authors: Ilyas Sidra , Bukhari Dilara A. , Rehman Abdul
Published: November 2020

In the present study a yeast strain isolated from industrial wastewater, identified as Candida tropicalis, showed chromium (Cr) tolerance level up to 5 mM. Yeast grown in minimal salt medium containing Cr (VI) ions for 48 h and crude enzyme extracts were tested for chromate reductase activity. Optimum temperature and pH of chromate reductase were 30 °C and pH of 7. The enzyme activity was greatly enhanced in the presence of divalent metal cations. Total protein profile revealed some protein bands were present in hexavalent chromium [Cr (VI)] treated samples but were absent in non-treated samples, especially low molecular-weight protein bands in the mass range of < 25 kDa with greater intensity in Cr (VI) treated samples. Yeast cells were able to uptake Cr (VI) between 21 and 80 mg g− 1 within 2–12-d of time, indicating yeast strain promising potential for Cr (VI) removal from the wastewater. The present study results suggest that C. tropicalis is a suitable candidate for bioremediating chromium ions from the contaminated-environment.
Activated carbonaceous materials from tea waste and its removal capacity of indigo carmine present in solution: synthesis, batch and optimization study
Authors: Sikdar Dolanchapa , Goswami Sudipta , Das Papita
Published: November 2020

The present work determines efficiency of domestic food waste like tea waste in removing indigo carmine from synthetic textile wastewater. Carbonaceous material (tea waste) has been employed and it showed removal percentage of indigo carmine at 90% through adsorption process. Carbonaceous material was chemically activated by using modified Hummer’s method and it was observed through Scanning Electron Microscopic image, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer, X-ray diffractometer and Brunauer, Emmett and Teller analysis that revealed that the modified biochar is comparably similar to graphene oxide (GO). Various experimental parameters are evaluated for the removal efficiency of the synthesized adsorbent under the present study. Results of the experiments performed using the GO-like adsorbent synthesized from tea waste confirmed potential efficiency of adsorption of indigo carmine dye from synthetic waste water solution. The adsorption mechanism has been analysed by fitting the experimental data in different adsorption isotherm and kinetic models. The results indicated that the adsorption followed Langmuir isotherm model with maximum uptake of 20 mg g− 1and pseudo second order kinetic model with the best correlation coefficient. The thermodynamic study showed the dye removal to be spontaneous and endothermic.
Demographic data is more predictive of component size than digital radiographic templating in total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Wallace Stephen J. , Murphy Michael P. , Schiffman Corey J. , Hopkinson William J. , Brown Nicholas M.
Published: November 2020

Background

Preoperative radiographic templating for total knee arthroplasty (TKA) has been shown to be inaccurate. Patient demographic data, such as gender, height, weight, age, and race, may be more predictive of implanted component size in TKA.

Materials and methods

A multivariate linear regression model was designed to predict implanted femoral and tibial component size using demographic data along a consecutive series of 201 patients undergoing index TKA. Traditional, two-dimensional, radiographic templating was compared to demographic-based regression predictions on a prospective 181 consecutive patients undergoing index TKA in their ability to accurately predict intraoperative implanted sizes. Surgeons were blinded of any predictions.

Results

Patient gender, height, weight, age, and ethnicity/race were predictive of implanted TKA component size. The regression model more accurately predicted implanted component size compared to radiographically templated sizes for both the femoral (P = 0.04) and tibial (P < 0.01) components. The regression model exactly predicted femoral and tibial component sizes in 43.7 and 43.7% of cases, was within one size 90.1 and 95.6% of the time, and was within two sizes in every case. Radiographic templating exactly predicted 35.4 and 36.5% of cases, was within one size 86.2 and 85.1% of the time, and varied up to four sizes for both the femoral and tibial components. The regression model averaged within 0.66 and 0.61 sizes, versus 0.81 and 0.81 sizes for radiographic templating for femoral and tibial components.

Conclusions

A demographic-based regression model was created based on patient-specific demographic data to predict femoral and tibial TKA component sizes. In a prospective patient series, the regression model more accurately and precisely predicted implanted component sizes compared to radiographic templating.

Level of evidence

Prospective cohort, level II.
Lynch Syndrome–Associated Variants and Cancer Rates in an Ancestrally Diverse Biobank
Authors: Rosenblum Rachel E. , Ang Celina , Suckiel Sabrina A. , Soper Emily R. , Sigireddi Meenakshi R. , Cullina Sinead , Belbin Gillian M. , Lucas Aimee L. , Kenny Eimear E. , Abul-Husn Noura S.
Published: November 2020

PURPOSE

Limited data are available on the prevalence and clinical impact of Lynch syndrome (LS)–associated genomic variants in non-European ancestry populations. We identified and characterized individuals harboring LS-associated variants in the ancestrally diverse Bio Me Biobank in New York City.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

Exome sequence data from 30,223 adult Bio Me participants were evaluated for pathogenic, likely pathogenic, and predicted loss-of-function variants in MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, and PMS2. Survey and electronic health record data from variant-positive individuals were reviewed for personal and family cancer histories.

RESULTS

We identified 70 individuals (0.2%) harboring LS-associated variants in MLH1 (n = 12; 17%), MSH2 (n = 13; 19%), MSH6 (n = 16; 23%), and PMS2 (n = 29; 41%). The overall prevalence was 1 in 432, with higher prevalence among individuals of self-reported African ancestry (1 in 299) than among Hispanic/Latinx (1 in 654) or European (1 in 518) ancestries. Thirteen variant-positive individuals (19%) had a personal history, and 19 (27%) had a family history of an LS-related cancer. LS-related cancer rates were highest in individuals with MSH6 variants (31%) and lowest in those with PMS2 variants (7%). LS-associated variants were associated with increased risk of colorectal (odds ratio [OR], 5.0; P = .02) and endometrial (OR, 30.1; P = 8.5 × 10−9) cancers in Bio Me. Only 2 variant-positive individuals (3%) had a documented diagnosis of LS.

CONCLUSION

We found a higher prevalence of LS-associated variants among individuals of African ancestry in New York City. Although cancer risk is significantly increased among variant-positive individuals, the majority do not harbor a clinical diagnosis of LS, suggesting underrecognition of this disease.
Death and Fairy Tale
Authors: Kingston Andrew
Published: November 2020

The music of the spectralist composer Claude Vivier is often considered through the lens of autobiography. However, from his abandonment as an infant to the circumstances of his murder at the age of thirty-four, certain aspects of Vivier’s life also seem to resist any straightforwardly autobiographical account. Borrowing the concept of “autothanatography” from Jacques Derrida and others, this essay explores how Vivier’s works inscribe a relationship to death, to the end and impossibility of autobiography, into its very origin. I argue that such an inscription occurs prominently in Vivier’s musical and dramatic portrayals of childhood, particularly those in Kopernikus: Opéra—Rituel de mort and Lonely Child. Drawing on Kathryn Bond Stockton’s writing on queer childhood and Lee Edelman’s early essay on homographesis, I further argue that this displacement of the autobiographical in Vivier’s works is also marked by his sexuality, or, more precisely, by its spectral repercussions.
Psychiatric, behavioral and emotional disorders in Polish children and adolescents with perinatal HIV infection
Authors: Zielińska-Wieniawska Anna , Bielecki Maksymilian , Wolańczyk Tomasz , Coupland Urszula , Marczyńska Magdalena , Srebnicki Tomasz , Bryńska Anita
Published: November 2020

Cel pracy

Ocena częstości występowania zaburzeń psychicznych, behawioralnych, emocjonalnych oraz ustalenie związków ze zmiennymi klinicznymi i socjodemograficznymi u dzieci i młodzieży z wertykalnym zakażeniem HIV.

Metoda

W badaniu udział wzięło 56 dzieci z wrodzonym zakażeniem HIV (grupa PHIV+), 24 zdrowych dzieci urodzonych przez matki zakażone HIV (grupa PHEU) oraz 43 zdrowych dzieci zdrowych rodziców (grupa HIV-nA), w wieku 6-18 lat. Do oceny zaburzeń behawioralnych i emocjonalnych zastosowano Kwestionariusz dla Rodziców CBCL/4-18 oraz Kwestionariusz Samooceny YSR, do oceny objawów zaburzeń psychicznych półustrukturyzowany wywiad diagnostyczny K-SADS-PL.

Wyniki

Wykazano wyższą częstość występowania zaburzeń psychicznych w ciągu życia w grupie PHIV+ oraz grupie PHEU w porównaniu z grupą HIV-nA. Najczęściej diagnozowano zaburzenia lękowe oraz zaburzenia nastroju. Występowanie objawów zaburzeń emocjonalnych i behawioralnych w grupie PHIV+ oraz w grupie PHEU było związane z podobnymi zmiennymi socjodemograficznymi (m.in. płeć męska, niezamieszkiwanie z opiekunem biologicznym, doświadczenie stresującego wydarzenia w życiu). Zaburzenia psychiczne występowały częściej u osób, u których leczenie antyretrowirusowe (ARV) rozpoczęto dopiero po 12 m.ż. Stwierdzono dodatnią korelację pomiędzy wynikiem dla części skal YSR i CBCL/4-18, a liczbą limfocytów CD4 w momencie przeprowadzania badania oraz wyższym logarytmem wiremii na początku leczenia ARV i w momencie ustalenia rozpoznania zakażenia HIV.

Wnioski

W grupie dzieci PHIV+ oraz PHEU, stwierdzono wyższą częstość występowania zaburzeń psychicznych. Cięższy przebieg zakażenia HIV i jego nasilenie przed rozpoczęciem leczenia wiąże się z większym nasileniem problemów internalizacyjnych.
O integralności terminu „teoria przekładu”
Authors: Lewicki Roman
Published: November 2020

On the integrity of the term „theory of translation” The article is an attempt to explain why there arise doubts as to the use of the term “theory of translation” and as to the coherence of its object of study. It has been concluded that the ambiguity of the term stems from the two meanings of the word “teoria” (theory). Using the term “theory of translation” in the sense of “translation studies” is incorrect as such use disregards the fact that translation studies encompasses not only theoretical considerations but also other aspects of dealing with its object. The second cause of the term’s ambiguity is the existence of marked differences between various types of translation. The author believes that the very presence of the word “przekład” (translation) in the Polish language proves that the object it desribes is perceived as an integral phenomenon despite its internal differentiation. Claiming that each type of translation requires a separate theory is contradictory to the meaning of the term “theory”, which – by definition – deals with the highest level of abstraction.
Na peryferiach teorii – trzeci język w przekładzie
Authors: Kaźmierczak Marta
Published: November 2020

On the peripheries of theory – third language in translation The paper substantiates the importance of the so-called third language (L3) as a translation issue – despite claims that it is straightforward (e.g. by Fyodorov) or, conversely, that it defies TS insight (Bellos). The research so far is summarized and in the empirical part a working typology of techniques applied in translating L3 material is offered, illustrated by extracts from Boris Akunin’s Russian historical detective novels and their Polish renditions. The author pays attention to such questions as the form of notation of L3 elements in the original (in the Cyrillic or Latin alphabet), paratextual strategies and the functions which the foreign interpolations perform in their contexts and macrotexts.
From Data to Decisions: Distributionally Robust Optimization Is Optimal
Authors: Van Parys Bart P. G. , Esfahani Peyman Mohajerin , Kuhn Daniel
Published: November 2020

We study stochastic programs where the decision maker cannot observe the distribution of the exogenous uncertainties but has access to a finite set of independent samples from this distribution. In this setting, the goal is to find a procedure that transforms the data to an estimate of the expected cost function under the unknown data-generating distribution, that is, a predictor, and an optimizer of the estimated cost function that serves as a near-optimal candidate decision, that is, a prescriptor. As functions of the data, predictors and prescriptors constitute statistical estimators. We propose a meta-optimization problem to find the least conservative predictors and prescriptors subject to constraints on their out-of-sample disappointment. The out-of-sample disappointment quantifies the probability that the actual expected cost of the candidate decision under the unknown true distribution exceeds its predicted cost. Leveraging tools from large deviations theory, we prove that this meta-optimization problem admits a unique solution: The best predictor-prescriptor-pair is obtained by solving a distributionally robust optimization problem over all distributions within a given relative entropy distance from the empirical distribution of the data.

This paper was accepted by Chung Piaw Teo, optimization.
A Portable Biosensing Device with Magnetic Separation and Quantum Dot Bead Labeling for Simple, Rapid, and Quantitative Detection of Salmonella Typhimurium
Authors: Xi Xinge , Wang Ronghui , Yao Ping , Yao Lan , Tung Steve , Li Yanbin
Published: November 2020

Highlights

A portable biosensing device was designed, fabricated, and evaluated for Salmonella detection.

A mixing, separation, and detection chamber (MSDC) was developed and used for Salmonella detection.

The disposable MSDC prevented cross-contamination and reduced costs.

The device was mostly automated for Salmonella detection and feasible for in-field applications.

Abstract. Foodborne pathogenic bacteria have caused numerous illnesses and economic losses in the U.S. and the world. It is highly important for food industries to conduct in-field screening for pathogenic bacteria to ensure food safety. The objective of this study was to convert our previously developed optical biosensing method into a portable biosensing device to achieve simple, rapid, and quantitative detection of Salmonella Typhimurium. The device consisted of a control module, a magnetic separation module, and a fluorescence detection module. The bacteria sample, immuno-magnetic nanoparticles, and immuno-quantum dot beads were added into a mixing, separation, and detection chamber and were fully mixed in the control module. The sample was then moved to the magnetic separation module to automatically separate and concentrate the target bacteria. Finally, the fluorescence intensity was measured with the fluorescence detection module to determine the concentration of the target bacteria. The device was able to perform separation and detection of Salmonella with minimal manual operation with a detection limit of 5.4 × 102 CFU mL-1 in 1 h. The device also showed good specificity against four selected non-target bacteria. Keywords: Biosensing device, Fluorescence biosensor, Foodborne bacteria detection, Magnetic separation.
Technical Note: Model Physics and Collection Efficiency in Estimates of Pesticide Spray Drift Model Performance
Authors: Thistle Harold W. , Teske Milton E. , Richardson Brian , Strand Tara M.
Published: November 2020

Highlights

Recent large field programs are re-examined in the context of model development.

Details of plant canopy wind fields are discussed.

Collection efficiency of rotorods is discussed in detail, and the theory is used to re-examine field data.

The approach used in the AGDISP model to simulate canopy wind fields is discussed in detail.

Abstract. Recent field studies provided data to evaluate the performance of the aerial spray deposition algorithm in AGDISP. Those studies provided data for forest canopy settings that are either outside the stated domain of AGDISP or where assumptions in the model greatly impact the model performance. The two data sets were collected with the intention of providing input to drive model upgrades, but data limitations restricted that objective. Rather, this technical note shows that collection efficiency (CE) must always be considered (the model currently adjusts for CE only if the modeled output is canopy capture). One of the previous studies showed that the model substantially overpredicted droplet flux 65 m downwind of the spray line. Consideration of CE resolves some of this overprediction, but the model physics employed in AGDISP remain a substantial simplification of the complex flows that transport droplets in the atmospheric boundary layer near and in deep, three-dimensionally varying forest canopies. Keywords: Aerial application, AGDISP, Model, Spray drift.
Polarization measurement accuracy analysis and improvement methods for the directional polarimetric camera
Authors: Huang Chan , Chang Yuyang , Xiang Guangfeng , Han Lin , Chen Feinan , Luo Donggen , Li Shuang , Sun Liang , Tu Bihai , Meng Binghuan , Hong Jin
Published: November 2020

The directional polarimetric camera (DPC) is a remote-sensing instrument for the characterization of atmospheric aerosols and clouds by simultaneously conducting spectral, angular, and polarimetric measurements. Polarization measurement accuracy is an important index to evaluate the performance of the DPC and mainly related to the calibration accuracy of instrumental parameters. In this paper, firstly, the relationship between the polarization measurement accuracy of DPC and the parameter calibration errors caused by the nonideality of the components of DPC are analyzed, and the maximum polarization measurement error of DPC in the central field of view and edge field of view after initial calibration is evaluated respectively. Secondly, on the basis of the radiometric calibration of the DPC onboard the GaoFen-5 satellite in an early companion paper [Opt. Express 28 13187 (2020)10.1364/OE.391078], a series of simple and practical methods are proposed to improve the calibration accuracy of the parameters-the diattenuation of the optics, absolute azimuth angle, and relative transmission corresponding to each pixel, thereby improving the polarization measurement accuracy of DPC. The calibration results show that, compared with the original methods, the accuracy of the diattenuation of the optics, relative azimuth angle, and relative transmission of three polarized channels obtained with the improved methods are improved from ±1%, 0.1 degree and ±2% to ±0.4%, 0.05 degree and ±0.2%, respectively. Finally, two verification experiments based on a non-polarized radiation source and a polarizing system were carried out in the laboratory respectively to verify the improvement of the parameters modified by the proposed methods on the polarization measurement accuracy of the DPC to be boarding the GaoFen-5 (02) satellite. The experimental results show that when the corrected parameters were employed, the average error in measuring the degree of linear polarization of non-polarized light source for all pixels in the three polarized bands and the maximum deviation of the degree of linear polarization between the values set by the polarizing system and the values measured by the DPC at several different field of view angles for each polarized spectral band are obviously reduced. Both the mean absolute errors and the root mean square errors of the degree of linear polarization obtained with the corrected parameters are much lower than those obtained with the original parameters. All of these prove the effectiveness of the proposed methods.