bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La escultura contemporánea como patrimonio artístico : Proyecto Museo Parque de las Esculturas de Providencia
Authors:   , Peña Manubens Francisca
Published: November 2023

La evolución de la escultura pública en Chile ha tenido múltiples facetas. A partir del siglo XX, y con el impulso de la modernidad, desarrolló un giro hacia una nueva identidad. Cambios en los paradigmas ideológicos, políticos y sociales son consecuencia de estas transformaciones. La noción de monumento como representación conmemorativa evoluciona hacia otros lenguajes y límites estéticos, habiendo un alejamiento de lo figurativo para dar paso firme a la abstracción y el replanteamiento del diálogo con la ciudad. La escultura pública contemporánea enfrenta una gran problemática en el escenario nacional debido a la dificultad que tiene de validarse como patrimonio cultural frente a la ley de monumentos nacionales actual. Su descarte es producto del carácter conmemorativo presente en la ley, sumado a la inexistencia del concepto “Patrimonio Artístico”, categoría que las definiría de manera correcta en nuestra legislación, refiriéndose a sus valores propios de ser correctamente asignados. En este contexto se ha identificado el conjunto de esculturas contemporáneas, ubicadas en el Museo Parque de las Esculturas de Providencia, como caso de estudio, por su pertinencia tanto al tema de investigación como a la problemática. Éste se encuentra conformado por cuarenta y un obras de distintas materialidades, de gran formato, pertenecientes a artistas nacionales, hombres y mujeres, referentes en la escena del arte escultórico chileno. La patrimonialización del conjunto de esculturas emplazadas en el parque como “equipamiento cultural y patrimonio artístico”, permitirá enfrentar el vacío en la ley actual que deja de lado este tipo de obras; abrir la discusión en cuanto al concepto (inexistente) de Patrimonio Artístico en nuestra legislación, y qué valores y criterios son necesarios considerar para que un objeto de arte sea patrimonio es la misión y visión de este proyecto. En paralelo, la elaboración de técnicas de difusión para el circuito del parque, junto a una propuesta museográfica, podrá contrarrestar la falta de contextualización que podemos observar en el parque y otros espacios públicos de estas características, que muchas veces genera problemas en la valoración de bienes patrimoniales y deja espacio para la desinformación, incomprensión y su posterior deterioro.
Gestionando la mega sequía : patente por uso de aguas
Authors:   , Campos Diego Ignacio
Published: November 2023

La discusión en torno a la gestión del agua está en uno de sus puntos más álgidos. Una mega sequía que lleva más de una década, más de 100 decretos de escasez, comunidades que no tienen acceso a agua potable al abrir las llaves de sus casas y el mundo del agro teniendo que movilizar sus animales al sur para que puedan sobrevivir han marcado el escenario hídrico en Chile. En ese contexto, es que han avanzado distintas iniciativas para hacerse cargo de las distintas manifestaciones del problema. Desde fondos de emergencia y camiones aljibes hasta proyectos de reforma de la legislación en su conjunto, incluso a nivel constitucional. Desde el año 2019, el Presidente ha convocado a distintos actores de la sociedad civil, congresistas y funcionarios de la Administración para aunar criterios y definir cuál será la estrategia a largo plazo en materias de agua. En paralelo, el proyecto de reforma avanza en su segundo trámite constitucional con varios cambios sustanciales con respecto a la legislación vigente. En efecto, diversos sectores, especialmente desde la agricultura, han presentado críticas a los mecanismos mediante los cuales se pretende hacer una mejor gestión hídrica. La mayor injerencia de parte de la Administración, tanto en la determinación de sanciones como de los criterios de caudales mínimos, el cambio de régimen de los nuevos derechos y la afectación de los ya existentes generan alarma entre los titulares de estos por lo que es necesario explorar alternativas que generen mayor concordia. En este trabajo, la propuesta será incorporar y analizar un mecanismo que tienda a una gestión hídrica eficiente y equitativa. El instrumento para estudiar será una patente por uso a los Derechos de Aprovechamiento de Agua que permita, entre otras cosas, morigerar la percepción de rentas “injustas” de los titulares de Derechos de Aprovechamiento de agua. Propender a la protección de las cuencas con una mirada a largo plazo, basado en el principio de equidad intergeneracional y desincentivar el posible acaparamiento y especulación con respecto a los Derechos. Para esto, es necesario levantar soluciones que conciten mayor conceso entre aquellos directamente afectados. Abogar por mecanismos que reconozcan la protección integral de este vital recurso con la importancia de la certidumbre jurídica para los que utilizan directamente el agua en sus campos y proyectos en general. En conclusión, se sugiere optar por la incorporación de este instrumento a las herramientas de gestión de cuencas con el fin de desincentivar el uso, manejar la situación de escasez y hacerse con parte de las rentas para cubrir los costos administrativos, especialmente de fiscalización. Manteniendo la propiedad de los títulos de Derechos de Aprovechamiento.
Hacia un nuevo modelo de policía : proceso constituyente y rendición de cuentas
Authors:   , Valenzuela Beltrán Juan Ignacio
Published: November 2023

¿Existe un incremento de la violencia policial en el actual estallido social? Esta es una de las tantas preguntas que no tienen respuestas claras. Esto se debe, principalmente, a que no existe información certera por parte de Carabineros sobre el total de víctimas que, producto de su accionar, han resultado con lesiones, como tampoco el motivo por el cual los funcionarios han sido dados de baja. Esto sucede debido a que pueden mantener dicha información en reserva gracias al artículo 436 del Código de Justicia Militar. Por otra parte, la Contraloría General de Carabineros ha mostrado no ser suficiente en cuanto a la fiscalización hacia la policía. En concreto, este organismo no fue capaz de denunciar el fraude de Carabineros, que cuenta con más de 130 formalizados por malversación de fondos reservados, entre ellos altos cargos, como tampoco fue capaz de denunciar el caso Huracán o Catrillanca, donde existen formalizados acusados de delitos graves, tal como la destrucción de evidencia. En este sentido, el objetivo de este documento es proponer una reforma que permita entregarle responsabilidad política al Estado sobre la actuación policial y, también, que permita mecanismos de rendición de cuentas periódicas por parte de la policía y que sean protegidas constitucionalmente. Para lo anterior es que se presenta un análisis al contexto histórico y jurídico de la actual institución de Carabineros, además de la vigente reforma a la institución ya presentada en nuestro juego democrático. También se describen los distintos modelos policiales, en específico el gubernamental, profesional y comunitario, como también distintos tipos de policías, tales como el francés, uruguayo e inglés. Esto permite proponer cambios constitucionales para asegurar una rendición de cuentas periódica en el tiempo como, también mecanismos protegidos constitucionalmente para asegurar esta rendición de cuenta.
Política propuesta : uso de Bonos de Impacto Social (BIS) para reducir el sentimiento de soledad en los adultos mayores, por medio del aumento de redes de apoyo en Centros Diurnos Comunitarios para el Adulto Mayor
Authors:   , Guzmán Gómez Daniela
Published: November 2023

Este estudio busca dar cabida a una urgencia nacional contingente, que es atender y hacer frente a uno de los muchos problemas que existen en una sociedad que está envejeciendo: el sentimiento de soledad en los adultos mayores. El Programa propuesto “Uso de Bonos de Impacto Social (BIS) para reducir el sentimiento de soledad en los Adultos Mayores, por medio del aumento de redes de apoyo en los Centros Diurnos Comunitarios para el Adulto Mayor”, es un plan piloto que tiene como objetivo reducir el sentimiento de soledad de personas iguales o mayores a 60 años, que pertenezcan a los quintiles I, II y III del Registro Social de Hogares (RSH), que cuenten con un nivel de dependencia funcional leve. El plan propone que todos los Centros Diurnos Comunitarios de la red del Servicio Nacional del Adulto Mayor (SENAMA) implementen un taller de auto-ayuda grupal, lo que facilitaría un cambio en el sentimiento de soledad de las personas que asisten. Al respecto, se utilizará la Escala de Soledad UCLA como referencia para puntuar dicho sentimiento, según un cuestionario que todos los beneficiarios del programa deben contestar antes de iniciar el tratamiento sugerido. Se espera que la implementación de este programa repercuta directamente en un ahorro Estatal relacionado al gasto en patologías de salud mental asociadas al sentimiento de soledad, de las personas que son beneficiarias de la política. Para llevarlo a cabo, se sugiere el modelo de financiamiento Bonos de Impacto Social (BIS), donde se espera que el sector público y el sector privado actúen colaborativamente para financiar e implementar el programa. En este, el inversionista es quien toma el riesgo de invertir y el Estado, sólo en caso de éxito, le devolverá la inversión más retornos acordados.
The stringency of urban regulation: evidence from Chile
Authors:   , González Ugalde Laura
Published: November 2023

This work explores the stringency of urban regulation in the Greater Santiago area, measured as the elasticity between property prices and two regulatory variables: maximum allowed FAR and height. A high stringency reveals that regulated levels are far below free-market levels, while a low stringency indi- cates that the two values are closer. I use a rich panel dataset that contains different regulatory variables over time, at a territorially disaggregated level for an important part of the city. I join this database to used housing transaction prices between 2007 and 2018. My results show that the strigency is not statistically different from zero in Santiago. This indicates that construction levels are probably close to what would have been in the absence of regulation. Additionally, when I study heterogeneities within the city, I do not find the stringency changes with accessibility. However, I find that high socioeconomic neighborhoods and those with stricter baseline regulatory variables have higher levels of stringency, although the last is small in magnitude. These results, however, must be interpreted with caution, considering that the analysis is centered on used housing prices –assuming that all could be regarded as land for densification–and not only in land transactions.
Política nacional para los recursos hídricos y escasez hídrica en Chile : una propuesta de modificación
Authors:   , Zapata Zavala Sofía
Published: November 2023

El déficit de precipitaciones existente en gran parte de Chile durante la última década ha llevado a una preocupación sobre la disponibilidad de agua de Chile en los próximos años. Se ha determinado que la megasequía actual está más determinada por cambio climático que por oscilaciones anteriores, pero la situación actual de escasez hídrica del país puede estar causada con problemas en la gestión de recursos hídricos. Se han estudiado planes, programas, y estrategias que se han desarrollado durante los tres últimos periodos de gobierno, y se les ha ordenado bajo una matriz de marco lógico, para luego contrastarlos con un ideal de política pública de escasez hídrica. Se ha encontrado que las iniciativas mencionadas en los documentos han tenido distintos grados de avance, y que pueden ir en línea con lo que se espera de una política de este tipo. Sin embargo, aún faltan aspectos críticos para una adecuada gestión de la escasez hídrica que no son abordados, como son la obtención de datos de calidad y la relación con otras políticas para evitar redundancias entre políticas. Se ha descrito la evidencia internacional con el análisis de dos planes de respuesta a sequía, el de Australia de 2017 y del estado de California en Estados Unidos de 2021. En base a esta experiencia y los datos actuales para Chile, se incluye una batería de propuestas para una política nacional de escasez hídrica que permitirían aumentar la resiliencia del país ante eventos de este tipo.
Inclusión y diversificación de la enseñanza en el gran Santiago. Estudio de caso de la implementación de una política educativa inclusiva
Authors:   , Gómez Poblete María Raquel
Published: November 2023

En la actualidad no existe una política formal, o “de derecho”, que aborde la problemática de acceso y calidad de educación para niños y niñas con necesidades educativas especiales (NEE), pero sí existen una serie de leyes, decretos y prácticas, que la abordan separadamente. Este trabajo se ha propuesto reconstituir esa serie de normativas, reconstituyendo una política "de hecho”, que denominará “la política de inclusión para estudiantes en educación básica con NEE en Chile”, y hacer un análisis de implementación a partir de sus principales componentes, que son (1) la posibilidad de adscribir a PIE; (2) subvenciones especiales para estudiantes con NEE; y (3) orientaciones y criterios de adecuaciones curriculares. Por tanto, se desarrolló un estudio de caso, tomando como muestra a cuatro establecimientos educacionales del Gran Santiago, pertenecientes a comunas distintas, dos de las cuales poseían mayor vulnerabilidad. En cada colegio se entrevistó a un representante del sostenedor, al jefe de la Unidad Técnico-Pedagógica (UTP), un profesor perteneciente al PIE y un docente de aula regular. Además, se analizaron instrumentos oficiales de cada establecimiento y sostenedor. Para el análisis se utilizó la Teoría del Principal-Agente. Entre las conclusiones de este trabajo se encuentran que los agentes ejecutores han privilegiado la implementación de aspectos burocráticos, asociados principalmente a los componentes (1) y (2), que son los que cuentan con un mayor control estatal. Sin embargo, la mayor falencia en la implementación se encuentra en el componente (3), y todos aquellos aspectos que tienen que ver con la provisión de educación para los estudiantes con NEE. En ese sentido, se observó que el punto más débil de la implementación de la política se encuentra en el aula de clases. Esto, se atribuye principalmente a que, si bien existe un consenso positivo respecto al propósito de la política, es en el proceso de implementación donde han salido a relucir las limitaciones de su diseño. Éste último, se ha caracterizado por ser dinámico en el tiempo, y con una implementación paralela, lo que ha imposibilitado tener una visión integral de la política, generando más bien parcialidades de ésta. Además, la información y capacitaciones proveniente del Principal han sido asimétricamente distribuidas entre los ejecutores, generando en ellos una necesidad por mayores directrices o control. En consecuencia, los principales hallazgos de este estudio fueron la necesidad de generar una política de inclusión integrada para estudiantes con NEE, y que garantice cierta estabilidad en el tiempo. Asimismo, se enfatiza la importancia de que el diseño de una política considere las características de sus agentes e instituciones implementadoras, así como la utilidad de las medidas de control, y relevancia de cuándo utilizarlas durante la ejecución de una política.
La pena de prestación de servicios comunitarios en Chile : entre el control y la intervención
Authors:   , Contreras Muñoz Cristóbal
Published: November 2023

La muerte de Bastián Arriagada en el incendio de la cárcel de San Miguel, un joven de 22 años que estaba recluido por vender películas pirateadas, conmovió al país. Gracias a este hecho, sin embargo, la clase política le dio el impulso definitivo a una reforma de las penas sustitutivas que se venía aplazando desde el año 2008. Ésta introdujo, en el año 2013, la pena de servicios en beneficio de la comunidad (PSBC), una pena que permitiría que nunca más una persona en la situación de Bastián fuera a dar a la cárcel. A más de ocho años de su implementación, la PSBC si bien da luces de que permite efectivamente que se generen mejoras en la comunidad, que la comunidad, aunque de manera acotada, se involucre en la reparación del daño, que algunas de las personas que cumplen la pena puedan adquirir hábitos prosociales -dependiendo de su perfil-, y por tanto puedan tender hacia la (re)inserción social1, no se orientaría suficientemente de manera de prevenir la comisión de nuevos delitos por parte de las personas que ingresan a cumplir la pena. Las razones, según la investigación realizada, radicarían en una supuesta complejización progresiva del perfil de los penados (discurso presente en los entrevistados), muchos de ellos multi-reincidentes; en el enfoque de la pena como una de control y seguimiento más que de intervención; en la insistencia de los tribunales que dictan una y otra vez la pena sin importar si la persona cumple; las condiciones en las que se desarrolla el trabajo comunitario, y el nivel de compromiso y disponibilidad de quien ejerce la labor de delegado. La información disponible permite aseverar que la PSBC tiene un gran potencial para producir aun mejores resultados.
Zonas de remodelación : una propuesta de política pública para reducir la segregación residencial : uso conjunto de las zonas de remodelación y del subsidio DS Nº116 como instrumentos de política pública
Authors:   , González Prado Francisco
Published: November 2023

La investigación propone la creación de un reglamento que permita usar en conjunto dos herramientas de política pública existentes para reducir la segregación residencial y la desigualdad en Chile. Las herramientas de política pública analizadas son los artículos de la Ley General de Urbanismo y Construcciones (LGUC) sobre “zonas de remodelación” y el subsidio DS Nº116 sobre proyectos de integración social. Después de analizar ambas herramientas, se evalúa la implementación del uso de ambas políticas de manera conjunta en base a cuatro dimensiones y se analizan los potenciales resultados de su implementación en base a experiencias internacionales.
Immunoexpression of p53 and p16 in Low and High-grade Serous Ovarian Cancer: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Mandal Ranajit , Mondal Rajib Kumar , Rakshit Sarbari Kar , Roy Anup Kumar , Hazra Rathin
Published: November 2023

Introduction: The most common malignancy of the ovary is serous carcinoma, which can be classified as either Low-grade Serous Ovarian Carcinoma (LGSOC) or High-grade Serous Ovarian Carcinoma (HGSOC) and originates from the surface epithelium. However, the overall prognosis for both cancers is very poor. Immunohistochemical analysis of p53 and p16 expression is commonly used to detect mutations. Diffuse and strong mutations (mutant type) are almost always observed in cases of HGSOC, while focal expression (wild type) suggests the absence of mutations in HGSOC. LGSOCs are characterised by a low number or absence of genetic mutations. Aim: To investigate the association between p53 and p16 expression in different grades and stages of Serous Ovarian Carcinoma (SOC). Materials and Methods: This observational cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 62 patients diagnosed with ovarian serous carcinoma. The study focused on examining the expressions of p53 and p16 using Immunohistochemistry (IHC) in the Department of Pathology, Nil Ratan Sircar Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India, over a period of one and a half years (February 2021 to July 2022). The study parameters included clinical features, histological findings, staging, The Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics (FIGO), grading, p53 and p16 expression by IHC in all cases, and the association between p53 and p16 expression with the grade and stage of the cancer. Statistical analysis was performed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered significant. Results: A total of 62 cases were included in the study, with 55 cases (88.70%) classified as LGSOC and 7 cases (11.29%) as HGSOC. The mean age for LGSOC was 53.5 years, while for HGSOC it was 54 years. Among the HGSOC cases (n=55), 45 cases (81.80%) showed diffuse positive results (mutant type) for p53. In contrast, there was no diffuse p53 expression in LGSOC cases (n=7), with 5 cases (71.40%) showing focal positivity (wild type). The p-value for comparing p53 expression in both cases was significant (<0.00001). As for p16 expression, among the HGSOC cases (n=55), 31 cases (56.40%) showed diffuse positivity (mutant type), while among the LGSOC cases (n=7), most of the cases, 5 cases (71.40%), showed focal positivity (wild type). The p-value for comparing p16 expression in both cases was significant (<0.003794). Conclusion: In conclusion, p53 along with p16 are good markers for grading SOC, and p53 is highly effective in differentiating HGSOC from LGSOC based on the positivity pattern (diffuse and strong positive for high-grade/mutant type, and focal positive for low-grade cancers). Thus, p53 has become an attractive target for the development of moleculetargeted therapies for this disease.
Determining the Correlation between Cord Blood Lipid Profile and Birth Weight among Term Babies
Authors: Rathod Pallavi A. , Jadhao Avinash Namdeo , Shah Meeta Piyush , Pathare Santosh Shivpal , Vengurlekar Shubhada Girish , Kinage Kalpana Ganesh
Published: November 2023

Aims: This study aimed to examine the association between cord blood lipid levels and neonatal birth weight.

Study Design: Hospital based prospective cross-sectional study.

Place and Duration of Study: Study was conducted in Government medical College Nagpur, a tertiary care hospital that provides maternal and child health services between June 2011 to March 2013

Methodology: We enrolled 200 healthy pregnant women who attended antenatal clinics in our hospital. We collected 5 mL of cord blood from the umbilical vein and measured the serum levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, and LDL cholesterol using spectrophotometric methods. We calculated LDL cholesterol using Friedewald’s formula, and we measured anthropometric parameters using standard methods.

Results: Neonates  with SGA had significantly lower birth weight (2.24 ± 0.3 vs 2.83 ± 0.4; P < 0.01), head circumference (31.5 ± 1.5 vs 33.4 ± 1.8; P < 0.04), recumbent length (51.2 ± 0.3 vs 53.6 ± 0.2; P < 0.04), and Ponderal Index (2.24 ± 0.5 vs 2.35 ± 0.2; P < 0.03) than AGA babies. The cord blood lipid profile levels were also significantly lower (P < 0.001) in AGA than SGA babies. There was a positive correlation between birth weight and total cholesterol (r = 0.31; P < 0.001) and triglycerides (r = 0.46; P < 0.001), and a small positive correlation between birth weight and HDL cholesterol (r = 0.157; P = 0.013).

Conclusion: SGA babies had significantly higher cord blood lipid profile levels than AGA babies. The lipid profile of umbilical cord blood is related to the fetal nutritional status and growth and development. This may have implications for the prevention and management of low birth weight and its associated complications
Customer Preference for Electronic Payment Systems for Goods: A Case Study of Some Selected Shopping Malls, Bolgatanga
Authors: Armah Gabriel Kofi , Awonekai Elvis Atia , Owagu Ugochukwu Franklin , Wiredu Japheth Kodua
Published: November 2023

The transformation of payment systems in the digital age has reshaped the way customers interact with businesses. This study, conducted at Melcom Mall in Bolgatanga, Upper East Region, Ghana, delves into ”Customer Preference for Electronic Payment Systems for Goods.” Through extensive surveys and analysis, this paper reveals critical insights into the electronic payment behaviors and preferences of customers. Key findings underscore the dominance of monthly electronic payment usage, with mobile wallets emerging as the preferred method. Customers exhibit high levels of satisfaction, emphasizing the importance of user-friendly and secure payment solutions. Convenience and security play pivotal roles in shaping customer choices, while rewards and promotional campaigns also significantly influence their preferences. Despite the success of electronic payments, customers express concerns about hidden fees, technical issues, and the responsiveness of customer support. In response, we propose recommendations to enhance transparency, user education, technical infrastructure, payment options, security measures, tailored promotions, and responsive customer support. This paper serves as a valuable guide for merchants and policymakers in optimizing electronic payment systems, fostering customer satisfaction, and adapting to the evolving landscape of digital payment methods.
The Moderating Effect of Environmental Uncertainty on the Relationship Between Strategic Intuition, Strategic Decision-Making, and Organizational Performance: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Abraheem Mohammad Kalil
Published: November 2023

This study explores the moderating effect of environmental uncertainty on the relationship between strategic intuition, strategic decision-making, and organizational performance in the oil sector in Iraq. Using a quantitative research design, the study collected data from 70 high-level managerial staff at the Misan Oil Company. The data was analyzed using structural equation modeling, and the results revealed that strategic intuition has a positive impact on both strategic decision-making and organizational performance. Additionally, the study found that environmental uncertainty moderates the relationship between strategic intuition, strategic decision-making, and organizational performance. The findings suggest that leaders who possess strong intuitive abilities are better equipped to navigate complex and uncertain business environments, leading to better performance outcomes. The study provides valuable insights into the intricate relationships among strategic intuition, strategic decision-making, and organizational performance, with important theoretical and practical implications for managers and organizations seeking to enhance their decision-making procedures and elevate their performance results. Future research can explore the moderating effect of environmental uncertainty in different industries and contexts, and examine the impact of other contextual factors on these relationships.
Concussion Characteristics in the National Hockey League Before and After the Introduction of Rule 48
Authors: Hutchison Michael G. , Di Battista Alex P. , Meeuwisse Willem , Bruce Jared M. , Echemendia Ruben J. , Delaney J. Scott , Comper Paul
Published: November 2023

Importance

A rule prohibiting a direct hit to the lateral side of the head (ie, Rule 48–Illegal Check to the Head) was introduced in the National Hockey League (NHL) in the 2010-2011 season and refined in the 2011-2012 season to widen the application to include direct contact to all areas of the head.

Objective

To compare the incidence and proportion of concussions that occurred following hits to the head before and after the implementation of Rule 48.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This retrospective cohort study used a before and after design to evaluate concussions among NHL players in regular season games. Data from the 4 seasons preceding the implementation of Rule 48 (2006-2007 to 2009-2010) were compared with data from 5 seasons following its implementation (2014-2015 to 2018-2019). Data were analyzed from October 31, 2021, to November 30, 2022.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The incidence and relative proportion of concussion characteristics and mechanisms before and after the introduction of Rule 48.

Results

In the analysis of 688 concussions for NHL seasons spanning 2006 to 2010 (n = 231) and 2014 to 2019 (n = 457), there was an overall increase in the incidence of concussion between the 2 time frames, although the incidence of concussions due to hits to the lateral aspect of the head decreased from 1.6/100 games to 1.0/100 games (estimated difference, 0.6/100 games [90% credible interval (CrI), 0.30/100 games to 0.90/100 games). There was also a reduction of 18.8 (90% CrI, 13.0-23.7) percentage points in the proportion of concussions due to hits to the lateral aspect of the head from 80 of 231 concussions (34.6%) to 61 of 457 concussions (13.3%). The incidence of concussions following hits to the head from body checks using the shoulder, arm, and glove was similar before and following the implementation of Rule 48. However, the proportion was reduced 14.7 percentage points from 113 of 231 concussions (48.9%) before to 149 of 457 concussions (32.6%) after implementation of Rule 48 (90% CrI of the difference, 8.9-20.7 percentage points).

Conclusions and Relevance

The findings of this cohort study of NHL players suggest that after the introduction of Rule 48, the incidence rate and proportion of concussions from contact to the lateral aspect of the head decreased, as did the proportion of concussions following direct hits to the head.
Expanding Access to High-Quality Cancer Care Through Policy—California Cancer Care Equity Act
Authors: Diaz Adrian , Loehrer Andrew , Pawlik Timothy M.
Published: November 2023

This Viewpoint describes key domains in which the California Cancer Care Equity Act may benefit patients, recommends potential improvements to further expand access and reduce disparities, and suggests possible safeguards to monitor and minimize unintended consequences.
Modified Molten Salt Assisted Exfoliation of Large‐Size 2D Materials
Authors: Li Ziyu , Li Kezhuo , Li Yage , Yu Yingjie , Lv Junyi , Liu Xuefeng , Guan Keke , Lei Wen , Zhang Shaowei , Zhang Haijun
Published: November 2023

2D materials hold great promise for numerous applications, and the physical properties of individual 2D materials depend strongly on their thickness and lateral size. Currently, there is a lack of a straightforward method to produce 2D materials with both high‐quality and ultra‐high aspect ratios. Herein, a modified molten salt‐assisted exfoliation (MMSAE) strategy is proposed to prepare high‐quality 2D materials with large sizes and controllable thickness. The MMSAE approach involves using high‐frequency disturbance to create a shear force that peels off the layers of the intercalated material (e.g., graphene, MoS2, WS2, and clays), resulting in the successful and efficient exfoliation of 2D material. Taking h‐BN for example, the MMSAE approach achieves the preparation of 2D h‐BN with an average lateral size of 6.30 µm, thickness of 2.34 nm, and a high aspect ratio of 2692.
Hierarchically Porous Donut‐Like Fe3Ni2Se4 Bimetallic Selenide: An Ultra‐High‐Rate Anode for Potassium Ions Storage
Authors: Hussain Nadeem , Kiran Mehwish , Gao Zongyan , Tang Linbin , Li Junjian , Gao Pengyu , Chen Zuofeng , Li Fengting , Liu Tao
Published: November 2023

Transition‐metal selenides are considered as one of the promising anode materials for potassium ion batteries (PIBs) due to their high theoretical capacities. However, addressing the issue of irreversibility caused by the large volume changes during potassiation/depotassiation, especially at high rates, remains a major challenge. This challenge is tackled by constructing nickel‐iron selenide (NFS) with a unique hierarchically porous donut‐like morphology using a simple template‐free solvothermal strategy. With the bimetallic strategy and well‐designed architecture, the donut‐like NFS displays outstanding potassium storage performance, exhibiting a high reversible capacity (458 mAh g−1 even after 100 cycles at a slow rate of 0.1 A g−1), an impressive rate capability up to 10 A g−1 (≈10 mA cm−2), and an excellent capacity retention over 1000 cycles at 2 A g−1. By combining theoretical and experimental techniques, a two‐stage intercalation‐conversion reaction mechanism is put forward. This work provides an effective approach to develop bimetallic selenides electrode materials for applications in PIBs and potentially for other energy storage devices.
Breathable and Stretchable Multifunctional Triboelectric Liquid‐Metal E‐Skin for Recovering Electromagnetic Pollution, Extracting Biomechanical Energy, and as Whole‐Body Epidermal Self‐Powered Sensors
Authors: Lai Ying‐Chih , Ginnaram Sreekanth , Lin Shu‐Ping , Hsu Fang‐Chi , Lu Tzu‐Ching , Lu Ming‐Han
Published: November 2023

On‐skin electronics can be conformably deployed on body for health monitoring, assisted living, and human/computer interfaces. However, developing corresponding energy devices is a critical challenge. Herein, a permeable and stretchable multifunctional liquid‐metal electronic skin that can generate electricity by recovering ambient electromagnetic pollution (from surrounding electrical appliances) and biomechanical energy (from body movements) is presented for epidermal energy and self‐powered sensing applications. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first demonstration that a breathable on‐skin device can convert ambient electromagnetic pollution into useful electricity. The device is constructed using two stretchable microfibrous films sandwiching self‐organized mesh‐like and wrinkled liquid‐metal that affords electricity via induced electrification (±9.3 V, ±1.7 µA; 60 Hz) and triboelectricity (205.6 V, ±2.3 µA; 4 Hz). Its applicability in powering electronic devices is demonstrated. Moreover, it can serve as an epidermal self‐powered sensor for continuously monitoring whole‐body physiological signals and motions of the eyelids, face, throat, chest, and limbs, thus demonstrating its potential to remotely collect clinical and biomechanical information. Finally, it is used as an interface in diverse system‐level applications. These results shed light on new directions in on‐skin energy and sensing, enabling to usher electronics toward untethered and diversified applications.
Introducing Specific Iodine Ions in Perovskite‐Based Nanocomplex to Cater for Versatile Biomedical Imaging and Tumor Radiotherapy
Authors: Yue Yumeng , Xu Haoran , Jiang Liwen , Zhao Xiaomin , Deng Dawei
Published: November 2023

Multimodal biomedical imaging and imaging‐guided therapy have garnered extensive attention owing to the aid of nanoagents with the aim of further improving the therapeutic efficacy of diseases. The ability to engineer nanocomplexes (NCs) or control how they behave within an organism remains largely elusive. Here, a multifunctional nanoplatform is developed based on stabilized I‐doped perovskite, CsPbBr3‐xIx@SiO2@Lip‐c(RGD)2 (PSL‐c(RGD)2) NCs. In particular, by regulating the amount of regular I− ions introduced, the fluorescence emission spectrum of perovskite‐based NCs can be modulated well to match the requirement for biomedical optical imaging at the scale from molecule, cell to mouse; doping 125I enables the nanoformulation to be competent for single‐photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging; the introduction of 131I− imparts the NCs with the capability for radiotherapy. Through facile manipulation of specific iodine ions, this nanoplatform exhibits a remarkable ability to match multifunctional biomedical imaging and tumor therapy. In addition, their in vivo behavior can be manipulated by adjusting the thickness of the silica shell and the surface polarity for more practical applications. These experimental explorations offer a novel approach for engineering desirable multimodal NCs to simultaneously image and combat malignant tumors.
Bioactive Conjugated Polymer‐Based Biodegradable 3D Bionic Scaffolds for Facilitating Bone Defect Repair
Authors: Yuan Qiong , Bao Benkai , Li Meiqi , Li Ling , Zhang Xinyi , Tang Yanli
Published: November 2023

Bone defect regeneration is one of the great clinical challenges. Suitable bioactive composite scaffolds with high biocompatibility, robust new‐bone formation capability and degradability are still required. This work designs and synthesizes an unprecedented bioactive conjugated polymer PT‐C3‐NH2, demonstrating low cytotoxicity, cell proliferation/migration‐promoting effect, as well as inducing cell differentiation, namely regulating angiogenesis and osteogenesis to MC3T3‐E1 cells. PT‐C3‐NH2 is incorporated into polylactic acid‐glycolic acid (PLGA) scaffolds, which is decorated with caffeic acid (CA)‐modified gelatin (Gel), aiming to improve the surface water‐wettability of PLGA and also facilitate to the linkage of conjugated polymer through catechol chemistry. A 3D composite scaffold PLGA@GC‐PT is then generated. This scaffold demonstrates excellent bionic structures with pore size of 50–300 µm and feasible biodegradation ability. Moreover, it also exhibites robust osteogenic effect to promote osteoblast proliferation and differentiation in vitro, thus enabling the rapid regeneration of bone defects in vivo. Overall, this study provides a new bioactive factor and feasible fabrication approach of biomimetic scaffold for bone regeneration.
Upcycling Waste Thermosetting Polyimide Resins into High‐Performance and Sustainable Low‐Temperature‐Resistance Adhesives
Authors: Chen Haodi , Liu Xuehui , He Qian , Zhang Shouqin , Xu Shimei , Wang Yu‐Zhong
Published: November 2023

Thermosetting polyimide (PI) has attracted extensive attention for its excellent properties, but the approaches to its end‐of‐life management are not sustainable, posing great threat to the ecosystem. Herein, this work proposes a mild, sustainable, and full recovery path for recycling waste carbon fiber reinforced phenylethynyl end‐capped PI resin composites. In addition to recycling reaction reagent and woven carbon fiber, degraded products (DPETI) can be fully and directly used as high‐performance and sustainable adhesives. DPETI exhibits strong adhesion to various surfaces, with a maximum adhesion strength of 1.84 MPa. Due to the strong supramolecular polymerization behavior without solvent dependence, DPETI demonstrates higher adhesive strength of 2.22 MPa in the extreme environment (−196 °C), which is maintained even after 10 cycles. This work sparks a new thinking for plastic wastes recycling that is to convert unrecyclable wastes into new and sustainable materials, which has the potential to establish new links within circular economies and influence the development of materials science.
Phase‐Separated Lipid‐Based Nanoparticles: Selective Behavior at the Nano‐Bio Interface
Authors: Papadopoulou Panagiota , van der Pol Rianne , van Hilten Niek , van Os Winant L. , Pattipeiluhu Roy , Arias‐Alpizar Gabriela , Knol Renzo Aron , Noteborn Willem , Moradi Mohammad‐Amin , Ferraz Maria Joao , Aerts Johannes Maria Franciscus Gerardus , Sommerdijk Nico , Campbell Frederick , Risselada Herre Jelger , Sevink Geert Jan Agur , Kros Alexander
Published: November 2023

The membrane‐protein interface on lipid‐based nanoparticles influences their in vivo behavior. Better understanding may evolve current drug delivery methods toward effective targeted nanomedicine. Previously, the cell‐selective accumulation of a liposome formulation in vivo is demonstrated, through the recognition of lipid phase‐separation by triglyceride lipases. This exemplified how liposome morphology and composition can determine nanoparticle‐protein interactions. Here, the lipase‐induced compositional and morphological changes of phase‐separated liposomes—which bear a lipid droplet in their bilayer— are investigated, and the mechanism upon which lipases recognize and bind to the particles is unravelled. The selective lipolytic degradation of the phase‐separated lipid droplet is observed, while nanoparticle integrity remains intact. Next, the Tryptophan‐rich loop of the lipase is identified as the region with which the enzymes bind to the particles. This preferential binding is due to lipid packing defects induced on the liposome surface by phase separation. In parallel, the existing knowledge that phase separation leads to in vivo selectivity, is utilized to generate phase‐separated mRNA‐LNPs that target cell‐subsets in zebrafish embryos, with subsequent mRNA delivery and protein expression. Together, these findings can expand the current knowledge on selective nanoparticle‐protein communications and in vivo behavior, aspects that will assist to gain control of lipid‐based nanoparticles.
A Convenient and Universal Strategy toward Solvent‐Tolerant Microporous Structure for High‐Performance Wearable Electronics and Smart Textiles
Authors: Hu Zhipeng , Zheng Youbin , Qu Dan , Omar Rawan , Li Jian , Sublaban Majd , Bu Laju , Haick Hossam
Published: November 2023

Micro/nanostructures can increase effective surface area and enhance the performance of wearable devices, such as the sensitivity of sensors and output of triboelectric nanogenerators. Empowering commercial fibers and fabrics with durable and robust micro/nanostructures has become a major research concern for sustainable wearables. Many technologies are developed to fabricate micron/nanostructures on fibers and textiles, such as breath figure method, electrospinning, and direct imprinting thermal drawing. However, most of these methods have their own limitations toward mass production and real‐life application, including poor solvent resistance, time assuming, requiring expensive equipment, and limited capacity for post‐adjustment of commercial textiles. Herein, a plasma‐enhanced breath figure (PEBF) technique to fabricate solvent‐tolerant microporous structure on existing fabrics with tailored pore size is developed. By combining the wearable nature of fabrics and the surface engineering power of PEBF, the fabricated solvent‐tolerant microporous fabric offers excellent flexibility, washability, breathability, and suitability for large‐scale production, as well as the advantages of cost effectiveness and fast production. Furthermore, wearable triboelectric nanogenerators are fabricated based on solvent‐resistant microporous structured fabrics, revealing the bright future of the PEBF technology in wearable devices and smart textiles.
Synergistic Passivation Inducing Long‐Term Stability for Fluorescent CsPbI3 Perovskite Nanocrystals
Authors: Tang Yiyuan , Wu Zhen , Zhang Xin , Liao Kaifeng , Wang Guojie
Published: November 2023

Cesium lead halide perovskite nanocrystals (PNCs) are promising candidates for photoelectric applications due to their remarkable optoelectronic properties. However, the poor stability of PNCs, especially oleic acid (OA)/oleylamine (OAm)‐capped CsPbI3, is the main obstacle to their commercialization. In this study, CsPbI3 PNCs with long‐term stability are prepared through synergistic passivation of n‐octylphosphonic acid (OPA) and (3‐aminopropyl) triethoxysilane (APS). OPA provides a stronger binding affinity to passivate surface defects, while the SiO2 layer formed by APS can further reduce ligand detachment and block the access of external factors to the PNCs. The stability of OPA/APS‐capped CsPbI3 PNCs can be synergistically enhanced in comparison with that of OA/OAm‐capped PNCs, the fluorescence of which can be also increased significantly. Employing the high‐performance OPA/APS‐capped CsPbI3 PNCs as color‐converting materials, a white light‐emitting diode with a color coordinate of (0.33 and 0.32) and a wide color gamut of 126% National Television Standard Committee color space is fabricated.
A Simple Nonlinear Classifier Using a Multimode Optical Chip
Authors: Dang Zhangqi , Deng Zeyu , Chen Tao , Ding Zhenming , Zhang Ziyang
Published: November 2023

Neural network accelerator based on photonic‐integrated circuits is emerging as a promising technology for fast, power‐efficient, and parallel computing. Under such technology, optics is mainly used for linear transformations, e.g., through an array of cascaded switching networks. Nonlinear activation is implemented either electronically requiring extra optical–electrical conversion or via nonlinear optical materials that often suffer from high loss, large power consumption, and difficulty in integration. Herein, an optical neural chip with only one multimode waveguide, fabricated using low‐cost linear optical materials, plus seven heater electrodes to control the multimode interference, is proposed. The nonlinear networks are intrinsically integrated in the electrical‐to‐optical signal conversion through the waveguide. The linear computation, in the electronic domain, is included in the mandatory step to convert the input matrix to the intermediate current values on the seven electrodes. Though extremely simple, the proposed system can classify nonlinear datasets and images by optical readout with high accuracy and without calibration. Prospects for future development are given at the end. In this work, an alternative route is offered to exploiting the classic multimode interference for advanced optical computing applications.
Stealthy Hyperuniform Surface Structures for Efficiency Enhancement of Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Merkel Milena , Stappers Maik , Ray Debdatta , Denz Cornelia , Imbrock Jörg
Published: November 2023

Low absorption in the thin active layer of conventional organic solar cells limits their power conversion efficiency. Structured surface layers are a common approach to diffracting incoming light, thus elongating its path through the active layer, thereby increasing the probability of absorption and hence the power conversion efficiency. While standard periodic structures diffract light into discrete angles, making them optimal only for specific wavelengths, random structures induce broadband, but nontailorable diffraction. Thus, instead, a stealthy hyperuniform structure, designed to exhibit beneficial diffraction properties is implemented: it directs the light into a predefined range of higher angles, prevents diffraction into small angles, and is thus ideal for a strong active path length enhancement. After numerical optimization of the feature height and diameter, the stealthy hyperuniform structure is fabricated in silicon by electron beam lithography and subsequently transferred into a transparent polymer via replica molding. Experimental diffraction images reveal a circular symmetric spectrum, inducing diffraction independent of the azimuthal angle and polarization of the incident light. The application of the stealthy hyperuniform structure on a poly[(2,6‐(4,8‐bis(5‐(2‐ethylhexyl)thiophen‐2‐yl)‐benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b′]dithiophene))‐alt‐(5,5‐(1′,3′‐di‐2‐thienyl‐5′,7′‐bis(2‐ethylhexyl)benzo[1′,2′‐c:4′,5′‐c′]dithiophene‐4,8‐dione)]:3,9‐bis(2‐methylene‐(3‐(1,1‐dicyanomethylene)‐indanone))‐5,5,11,11‐tetrakis(4‐hexylphenyl)‐dithieno[2,3‐d:2′,3′‐d’]‐s‐indaceno[1,2‐b:5,6‐b′]dithiophene organic solar cell leads to a sharp increase in current density and power conversion efficiency.
In‐situ Utilization of Non‐Stabilized Diazoalkanes from (3+2) Cycloaddition of Linear N,N‐Disilyl Enamines and Azides
Authors: Do Cao Vinh , Lee Sinjae , Joung Seewon
Published: November 2023

A (3+2) cycloaddition reaction of linear N,N‐disilyl enamines and organic azides is investigated. The N,N‐disilyl enamines, derived from the selective double hydrosilylation of conjugated nitriles, are employed in‐situ for this investigation. The resulting triazoline intermediate from the (3+2) cycloaddition reaction promptly undergoes retro‐(3+2) cycloaddition to yield versatile non‐stabilized diazoalkane, along with formamidine. The presence of a transient and unstable alkyl diazomethane is confirmed by utilizing carboxylates as trapping reagents. Furthermore, we demonstrate the versatility of these alkyl diazomethanes by utilizing them in reactions with various reagents, including hydroborane, diboron, silaborane, alkenes, and alkynes.