bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Deep Reinforcement Learning for Efficient Digital Pap Smear Analysis
Authors: Macancela Carlos Julio , Morocho Cayamcela Manuel Eugenio , Chang Oscar
Published: October 2023

In August 2020, the World Health Assembly launched a global initiative to eliminate cervical cancer by 2030, setting three primary targets. One key goal is to achieve a 70% screening coverage rate for cervical cancer, primarily relying on the precise analysis of Papanicolaou (Pap) or digital Pap smears. However, the responsibility of reviewing Pap smear samples to identify potentially cancerous cells primarily falls on pathologists, a task known to be exceptionally challenging and time-consuming. This paper proposes a solution to address the shortage of pathologists for cervical cancer screening. It leverages the OpenAI-GYM API to create a deep reinforcement learning environment utilizing liquid-based Pap smear images. By employing the Proximal Policy Optimization algorithm, autonomous agents navigate Pap smear images, identifying cells with the aid of rewards, penalties, and accumulated experiences. Furthermore, the use of a pre-trained convolutional neuronal network like Res-Net54 enhances the classification of detected cells based on their potential for malignancy. The ultimate goal of this study is to develop a highly efficient, automated Papanicolaou analysis system, ultimately reducing the need for human intervention in regions with limited pathologists.
Post-Fracture Production Prediction with Production Segmentation and well logging: Harnessing Pipelines and Hyperparameter Tuning with GridSearchCV
Authors: Sun Yongtao , Wang Jinwei , Wang Tao , Li Jingsong , Wei Zhipeng , Fan Aibin , Liu Huisheng , Chen Shoucun , Zhang Zhuo , Chen Yuanyuan , Huang Lei
Published: October 2023

As the oil industry increasingly turns to unconventional low-permeability and low-porosity reservoirs, precise post-fracture production prediction is a pivotal instrument in investment de-cision-making, formulation of energy policies, and promotion of environmental assessments. Nevertheless, despite extensive research spanning decades, the precise post-fracture production prediction based on logging parameters remains an intricate task. In this study, we gathered ex-tensive logging data and segmented the post-frac gas production during well testing on the first day to enrich the dataset. Nine pipelines were then architected using various techniques of data preprocessing, feature extraction, and advanced machine learning models. Hyperparameter op-timization was executed via the GridsearchCV. To assess the efficacy of diverse models, metrics including the coefficient of determination (R2), standard deviation (SD), and root mean square error (RMSE) were invoked. Among the several pipelines explored, the PS-NN exhibited excellent predictive capability in specific reservoir contexts (an R2 value of 0.94 and an RMSE of 48.15). In essence, integrating machine learning with logging parameters effectively assesses reservoir productivity at multi-meter formation scales. This strategy not only mitigates uncertainties en-demic to reservoir exploration but also equips petroleum engineers with monitoring on reservoir dynamics, thereby facilitating reservoir development. Additionally, this approach provides res-ervoir engineers with an efficient way of reservoir performance oversight.
Understanding the Dynamics of Control and Access to Natural Resources by the “Orang Rimba” Community in Jambi, Indonesia (A Case Study in Air Hitam Sub-Regency)
Authors: Sardi Idris , Kinseng Rilus A. , Setiawan Budi , Lubis Djuara P. , Nuraini Nuraini
Published: October 2023

Forests, as a form of natural resource, play a significant role in the social, ecological, and economic aspects of community life. One of the communities that live in the forest and dependent on the forest is Orang Rimba in Jambi. The objectives of this research are to investigate changes in ownership and access systems of natural resources within the Orang Rimba community, the factors driving these changes, and the impacts of changes in access and control over natural resources on the socio-cultural conditions of the Orang Rimba community. This research was conducted using a qualitative approach. The result of this research shows that the Orang Rimba community has experienced changes in access and control of forest resources. Many factors contribute to these changes, mainly from the Government and market forces. Moreover, these changes bring about some fundamental changes in Orang Rimba’s livelihood and even their live in general.
Cellular Response to an Act of Surviving Drives Tumor Evolution and Tumor Heterogeneity
Authors: Zhang Yuntian
Published: October 2023

Tumor heterogeneity is a major obstacle to achieving consistent outcomes in cancer therapy. Here, we present a new perspective on tumor heterogeneity. The foundation for understanding tumor heterogeneity lies in recognizing that tumor evolution is a process driven by cells responding to survival challenges, and this cellular response precipitates the development of hallmark cancer capabilities. We posit that tumor heterogeneity arises from cells’ continued development of hallmark cancer capabilities, which ultimately leads to increased molecular chaos. Therapeutic inhibition of the essential genes driving the disease can disrupt tumor evolution, leading to cell death, a phenomenon termed oncogene addiction. Drawing from the same idea that cells respond to survival challenges, we introduce the notion that the increasing primitiveness of cancer during its progress stems from the cellular response to the continuous need for regeneration due to sustained cellular damage. To expand our concept of tumor heterogeneity, we further explore redefining key genes based on heterogeneity levels, and we propose a potential treatment strategy for advanced-stage cancers based on inducing aging-related deterioration. Taken together, the notions explored herein pave the way for novel cancer therapies and the betterment of human health.
A Unique Medical Conundrum: Balo's Concentric Sclerosis with Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome – A Case Report
Authors: Doshi Parihar , Gami Vismit , Shah Sahil , Teraiya Tushar , Desai Dev
Published: October 2023

Balo’s concentric sclerosis is a rare disease and a subtype of multiple sclerosis. A 38-year-old male patient presented to the hospital with the complaint of numbness in the left-sided upper and lower limb, slurring of speech and left-sided headache for 15 days. Further investigation was done and in ECG ‘Delta wave’ was identified along with tachycardia. Diagnosis of Wolff Parkinson White syndrome was made. The patient’s MRI Brain has shown a non-enhancing intra-axial altered signal intensity lesion at the callose-septal interface adjacent to both lateral ventricles, which was identified as Balo’s concentric sclerosis.
Exploring the Synergy of Carbon Nanodots in Enhancing Cannabidiol Delivery and Therapeutic Efficacy: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Ibrahim Iddrisu , Ayariga Joseph , Xu Junhuan , Robertson Boakai K. , Ajayi Olufemi
Published: October 2023

The dynamic interaction between carbon nanodots (CNDs) and cannabidiol (CBD) has captured significant attention as an innovative avenue for redefining drug delivery and amplifying therapeutic effectiveness. This in-depth review delves into the intricate synergy between these two elements, unveiling their profound potential in medicine. Commencing with an examination of the unique characteristics of CNDs and the techniques governing their synthesis, we discuss their versatility as drug carriers, highlighting their invaluable role in advancing CBD delivery. Cannabidiol, a non-psychoactive compound sourced from cannabis, has emerged as a focal point for its diverse therapeutic attributes. Nevertheless, the limitations posed by its restricted bioavailability and susceptibility to degradation pose substantial hindrances to realizing its full potential. Here, we elucidate how the amalgamation of CBD with CNDs transcends these challenges. We delve into the mechanisms that underlie this synergy, such as the augmentation of solubility and the safeguarding of CBD against premature breakdown, providing an intricate analysis. We will also journey you through a comprehensive exploration of diverse CBD loading techniques onto CNDs, dissecting the realms of physical encapsulation, covalent bonding, and adsorption processes. In summation, the combination of CNDs and CBD presents an extraordinary opportunity to elevate therapeutic outcomes. This synergetic paradigm masterfully tackles pivotal challenges in drug delivery, thereby paving the path for pioneering medical solutions.
Repair of Small Area Delamination in CFRP through Small Drilled Hole and CNT-reinforced Resin Pre-Coating Technique
Authors: Han Gang , Hu Xiaozhi
Published: October 2023

Repairing of small and isolated delamination area in carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) without significantly altering the composite structure is studied in this research. A small drilled hole was introduced at the center of the delamination section of CFRP, providing the channel for epoxy infill of sharp delamination cracks. The pressureless infill repair was achieved through the capillary action of an acetone-diluted resin solution (without hardener) with CNT reinforcement, e.g., 89 m/m% of acetone, 10 m/m% of resin and 1m/m% of CNT. Such an acetone-rich resin pre-coating (RPC) solution is easy to prepare and apply to the drilled hole area. Curing of CNT-toughened resin infill was induced by filling the small-drilled hole with a resin-hardener mixture toughened by CNT/Aramid pulp. The effectiveness of delamination repair with curing periods of two weeks and three months were compared. Flexural strength measurements indicated that 77% (potentially 100%) of the restoration was achievable.
Pengaruh Ekstrak Buah Naga Merah (Hylocereus polyrhizus) Terhadap Kadar LDL pada Tikus Wistar Model Sindrom Metabolik
Authors: Bernarda Clarisca Calcafiorentina , Hermawan Danus , Subandono Jarot , Andri Putranto R Prihandjojo
Published: October 2023

Pendahuluan: Sindrom metabolik didefinisikan sebagai kumpulan gejala abnormal metabolik meliputi resistensi insulin, hipertensi, dislipidemia, dan obesitas sentral. Dislipidemia ditandai dengan adanya penurunan kadar LDL dan peningkatan kadar HDL. Buah naga merah (Hylocereus polyrhizus) diketahui dapat menurunkan kadar LDL sehingga mampu memperbaiki kondisi sindrom metabolik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh ekstrak buah naga merah (Hylocereus polyrhizus) terhadap kadar LDL pada tikus Wistar model sindrom metabolik.
Metode: Penelitian ini bersifat eksperimental laboratorik dengan pretest dan posttest control group design. Jumlah sampel terdiri atas tikus Wistar berkelamin jantan dengan jumlah 30 ekor dan dibagi menjadi 5 kelompok: K1 (kelompok kontrol negatif); K2 (kelompok kontrol positif); K3, K4, dan K5 sebagai kelompok sindrom metabolik yang diberi ekstrak Hylocereus polyrhizus dengan dosis berturut-turut 60 mg/200gBB/hari, 120 mg/200gBB/hari, 180 mg/200gBB/hari. Pengukuran kadar LDL pada semua kelompok dilakukan pada hari ke-8, 36, dan 64. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji normalitas Shapiro-Wilk, dilanjutkan dengan uji homogenitas Levene, uji one-way ANOVA, uji post-hoc Tukey HSD, uji T berpasangan, serta uji korelasi Pearson.
Hasil: Kadar LDL terendah pasca pemberian ekstrak buah naga merah (Hylocereus polyrhizus) diperoleh pada K1, sedangkan kadar LDL tertinggi pada K2. Berdasarkan analisis statistik, didapatkan perbedaan kadar LDL sebelum dan setelah perlakuan yang signifikan (p<0,05) pada semua kelompok. Uji korelasi Pearson menunjukkan bahwa dosis ekstrak buah naga merah (Hylocereus polyrhizus) memiliki hubungan yang sangat kuat dengan arah hubungan negatif terhadap kadar LDL.
Simpulan: Pemberian ekstrak buah naga merah (Hylocereus polyrhizus) dengan dosis 60 mg/200gBB/hari, 120 mg/200gBB/hari, dan 180 mg/200gBB/hari dapat menurunkan kadar LDL secara signifikan.
Penyuluhan Pemberian Makanan Pendamping Asi (MP-ASI) Pada Ibu Balita Stunting-Wasting di Kecamatan Juwangi
Authors: Amalia Zuliana , Ramadhani Aisyah Intan , Sukoco Larissa Agustina , Sari Yulia
Published: October 2023

Masalah  gizi yang menjadi perhatian di Indonesia adalah stunting, karena Indonesia merupakan negara tertinggi ke-5 di dunia dengan angka kejadian stunting. Berdasarkan Survei Status Gizi Indonesia tahun 2022 prevalensi stunting di Indonesia sebesar 21,6%, Prevalensi stunting pada Provinsi Jawa Tengah mencapai angka 20,8% dan untuk Kabupaten Boyolali  sendiri memiliki kasus stunting dengan prevalensi 20,0%. Tujuan pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan ibu balita yang memiliki balita Stunting-Wasting mengenai MP-ASI. Metode yang digunakan adalah ceramah interaktif dan tanya jawab. Hasil penyuluhan menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata skor pengetahuan ibu balita Stunting-Wasting saat pre-test adalah 57% dan pada saat post-test meningkat menjadi 84%. Dampak dari dilakukannya pengabdian ini adalah meningkatnya pengetahuan ibu balita Stunting-Wasting tentang MP-ASI.Untuk itu disarankan kepada ibu balita Stunting-Wasting untuk melakukan pemberian asupan makanan bagi bayi dan baita seesuai dengan tekstur dan jenis makanannya untuk memenuhi kebutuhan asupan anak.
Pendampingan Pola Hidup Sehat Untuk Menurunkan Angka Kejadian Infeksi Zoonosis Parasiter pada Peternak dan Keluarganya di Desa Singosari Boyolali
Authors: Sari Yulia , Haryati Sri , Setyawan Sigit , Negara Khesara Sastrin Prasita , Dirgahayu Paramasari , Wijayanti Lilik , Ma’rufah Siti , Listyaningsih S Endang , Riyadi Slamet , Supriyana Dwi Surya
Published: October 2023

Pendahuluan: Infeksi zoonosis parasitik mempunyai angka prevalensi tertinggi di dunia, khususnya di negara dengan pendapatan rendah dan sanitasi yang buruk. Lebih dari sepertiga penduduk dunia terinfeksi zoonosis parasitik [1], 450 juta di antaranya mengeluhkan timbulnya gejala [2]. Angka prevalensi infeksi zoonosis parasitik di Indonesia sendiri sangat bervariasi pada tiap provinsi. Untuk kasus kecacingan yang masuk dalam infeksi zoonosis parasitik, angka prevalensi berkisar dari yang terendah, 2,5%, hingga yang tertinggi mencapai 62% [3].

Provinsi Jawa Tengah merupakan salah satu provinsi yang masih belum banyak memiliki informasi terkait dengan infeksi parasitik gastrointestinal. Pada Laporan Provinsi Jawa Tengah untuk Riset Kesehatan Dasar [5], belum ada data terintegrasi yang menunjukan prevalensi infeksi zoonosis parasitik [5]. Selain belum terintegrasi, penelitian terkait infeksi zoonosis parasitik juga belum dilakukan di banyak daerah di Jawa Tengah. Salah satu daerah tersebut adalah Kabupaten Boyolali, fokus utama pada peternak dan keluarganya di Desa Singosari Kecamatan Mojosongo Kabupaten Boyolali. Di Desa Singosari persentase perilaku hidup bersih dan sehat (PHBS) terendah kedua (60,25%) di Boyolali [6]. Maka dari itu peneliti merasa perlu untuk melakukan Pendampingan Pola Hidup Sehat Untuk Menurunkan Angka Kejadian Infeksi Zoonosis parasitik pada peternak dan keluarganya Di Singosari, Mojosongo, Boyolali.

Metode: Pengabdian ini dilakukan di pemukiman warga sekitar peternakan yang berada di Desa Singosari, Kecamatan Mojosongo, Boyolali. Metode pengabdian yang akan dilakukan adalah dengan menggunakan metode HIRARC yaitu Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment, dan Risk Control. Pengabdi memberikan intervensi berupa pendampingan kepada peternak dan keluarganya di Desa Singosari, Mojosongo, Singosari.

Hasil dan pembahasan: Hasil pretest menunjukkan prosentase pengetahuan PHBS sebesar 75% dan infeksi zoonotik 50%. Perilaku setelah diberikan edukasi tentang Perilaku Hidup Bersih dan Sehat sebesar 95% dan infeksi zoonotik 85%.

Kesimpulan: Pelaksanaan pengabdian berjalan dengan efektif dengan peningkatan pengetahuan PHBS dan Infeksi zoonosis, selain itu berdasarkan pantauan juga telah merubah perilaku setelah diberikan edukasi tentang Perilaku Hidup Bersih dan Sehat pada peternak dan keluarganya di lingkungan peternakan Desa Singosari, Mojosongo, Boyolali.
HISTORY AND REALITY OF APPLICATION THE 6 MINUTE WALK TEST IN CHILDREN
Authors:   Chuvash State University, BUSHUEVA ELVIRA V , DIANOVA TATYANA I. ,   Chuvash State University, IVANOVA OLGA N. ,   Chuvash State University, GERASIMOVA LYUDMILA I. ,   FSBEU HE «ROSBIOTEKH»), Moscow, PETROV ANDREY G. ,   Chuvash State University, SITDIKOVA IRINA D. ,   Kazan (Volga region) Federal University
Published: October 2023

ntroduction. The application of the 6-minute walk test to assess the functional status of a patient is a safe, simple and easily accessible method in assessing the patient’s functional abilities, the effectiveness of treatment and rehabilitation and the prognosis of various diseases. Aim. TTo analyze the scientific medical literature containing the application of the 6-minute walk test in assessing the functional status of children and adolescents. Material and methods. The test was first described in 1963 in adult patients with diseases of the bronchopulmonary system, with subsequent improvements the test was used in patients with heart disease and became a simple objective indicator of functional physical performance. After the adoption of the standards for the 6-minute walk test by the American Thoracic Society jointly with the European Respiratory Society (2002), widespread application began not only in patients, but also in healthy adults. For the first time, the 6-minute walk test among healthy children was conducted in 2005 in China, later control test values, percentile curves, reference equations and formulas were presented by Austria, Great Britain, the USA, etc. Scientists confirmed the safety and simplicity of the 6-minute walk test, proved a high correlation of the test with gender, height, age, weight, body mass index, pulse and blood pressure, arm span, etc. They proved that the ethnicity and geographical differences of the subjects are very important indicators that affect the test results. In the Russian Federation, the implementation of the 6-minute walk test is limited to sick children and regulatory values, and we have not found reference formulas. Conclusion. The reference values obtained for the 6-minute walk test in healthy children in one country should not be used for children in other countries, since the analysis showed a significant difference in the control values of the distance traveled.
AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER IN CHILDREN: DIAGNOSTIC SIGNIFICANCE OF ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY
Authors:   Kazan Federal University, GAMIROVA RIMMA G. , SAFINA AISILU R. ,   Kazan Federal University, GOROBETS ELENA A. ,   Kazan Federal University, SAFINA DIANA R. ,   Kazan Federal University
Published: October 2023

Introduction. Early diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder in children is significant clinical problem due to the ever-increasing incidence of this condition in children. Aim. The aim of the study is a comprehensive analysis of data on the features of the bioelectrical activity of the brain in children with autism spectrum disorders, identification of the electroencephalography significance in the diagnosis of these disorders, including the ability to differentiate their subtypes. Material and Methods. The materials for the review were scientific articles indexed in Russian and international databases (Russian Science Citation Index, Scopus, Pubmed) for the period from 1995 to 2022. Results and discussion. The article presents systematized data related to the analysis of electroencephalograms in children with autism spectrum disorder which is carried out in different ways: visual and quantitative. The authors analyzed the changes in the electroencephalograms obtained using spectral analysis, identifying the functional connections of different areas of the brain, with the implementation of non-linear assessment methods. The theory of «mirror neurons» was discussed in connection with the peculiarities of the sensorimotor rhythm reactivity in children with autism spectrum disorder. Conclusion. The presence of electroencephalographic changes in children with autism spectrum disorders is confirmed, especially in the period from 3 to 12 months, although the degree of the sensitivity of methods for their detection at this stage is insufficient for accurate diagnosis. Dynamic electroencephalographic monitoring should be recommended for children with autistic disorders, especially if subclinical epileptiform activity is detected. It is also worth paying attention to the change in functional rhythms in dynamics. In general, results of electroencephalography are often more informative than neuroimaging methods, which in most cases do not reveal organic brain damage in the presence of obvious developmental disorder in a child. The most promising at present are non-linear methods of electroencephalograms analysis.
Frequency analysis of stator currents of an induction motor controlled by direct torque control associated with a fuzzy flux estimator
Authors: Mabrouk Y. A. , Mokhtari B. , Allaoui T.
Published: October 2023

Introduction. The best way to control the torque of an induction motor is conventional direct torque control (DTC); this control method is the most used approach in the industrial sector due to its many advantages. Its main advantages are its simplicity and its exclusive dependence on the stator resistance of the induction motor. However, the use of hysteresis comparators reduces its effectiveness, causing more torque ripple. Additionally, this results in variable operating frequency and limited frequency sampling, resulting in pseudo-random overshoot of the hysteresis band. Purpose. For these reasons, this article presents a new study aimed at confirming its shortcomings and improving the effectiveness of the control. Novelty. We propose to use fuzzy logic methods to estimate the two components of the stator flux. Methods. In traditional DTC the flux components are estimated from an equation relating the stator resistance to the stator voltage and current. In the proposed method, only stator currents and voltages are used for this evaluation, which eliminates the dependence of DTC on stator resistance. The aim of this proposal is to make DTC robust to parametric changes. Results. General harmonic distortions, rotational speed of the induction motor, electromagnetic moment, magnetic flux and stator currents are analyzed. Practical value. With this proposed technique, validated in Simulink/MATLAB, several improvements in motor behavior and control are endorsed: torque fluctuations are reduced, overshoot is completely eliminated, and total harmonic distortion is significantly reduced by 48.31 % for stator currents. This study also confirmed the robustness of DTC to changes in stator resistance.
Open circuit fault diagnosis for a five-level neutral point clamped inverter in a grid-connected photovoltaic system with hybrid energy storage system
Authors: Abdellah A. , Larbi M. , Toumi D.
Published: October 2023

Introduction. Recently, the number of high and medium voltage applications has increased dramatically. The connection between these different applications requires series-parallel combinations of power semiconductors. Multilevel converter topologies provide major advantages to these applications. In this paper, a grid-connected photovoltaic system with a hybrid energy storage system using a five-level neutral point clamped inverter is studied. Although the multilevel inverter has many advantages over the two-level inverter, it has a high probability of experiencing an open circuit fault. In this context, the five-level inverter has 24 controllable switches, one of which may experience an open circuit fault at any time. Therefore, it plays an important part in the reliability and robustness of the whole system. The novelty of this paper presents an approach to accurately detect the open circuit fault in all insulated gate bipolar transistors of a five-level neutral point clamped inverter in a photovoltaic power generation application with a hybrid energy storage system. Purpose. Before using fault-tolerant control to ensure service continuity, fault diagnosis techniques must first be used, which are the crucial phase of reliability. Methods. A detection method based on the maximum and minimum error values is proposed. These errors are calculated using the expected and measured line-to-line pole voltages. Results. The open circuit fault detection method is implemented using MATLAB/Simulink. Simulation results showed the accuracy of detecting the open circuit fault in all insulated gate bipolar transistors in a short time. Moreover, this method is adaptable to several applications and is also robust to transient regimes imposed by solar irradiation and load variations.
MODERN SOFTWARE FOR THE NUMERICAL STUDY OF FLOW IN HYDRAULIC MACHINES
Authors: Krupa Yevhenii , Demchuk Yevheniia
Published: October 2023

In the past few decades, the field of developing computer software systems has been actively developing, which in turn leads to competition in the software market. Qualified engineers working in the hydroturbine industry must be able to use a computer not only at the user level, but also at the programmer level in order to program modules for their own needs based on existing software systems. Recently, numerical simulation has become applicable to an ever wider class of flows, replacing experimental research methods. Certain numerical models are characterized by different areas of applicability and expenditures of computational resources. The paper provides an analytical review of modern CFD software systems. The advantages and disadvantages of these programs are analyzed in terms of building a three-dimensional model of the object of study, creating a computational grid, setting boundary conditions and visualizing the calculation results. The analysis and comparison of existing mathematical models that used to calculate the spatial flow in the flow path of hydraulic machines has been carried out. There are many different programs for solving hydrodynamic problems, some of the advanced commercial software systems are Ansys, SolidWorks Flow Simulation, Autodesk CFD. There are also open source software products. These automatic design systems make it possible not only to perform high-quality modeling of systems of various physical nature, but also to study the response of these systems to external influences in the form of distributions of pressures, temperatures, and velocities. The calculation algorithms in the programs are similar; the distinctive features of the programs can be evaluated according to the following criteria: grid generation, accuracy, reliability (convergence), calculation speed, model physics, system flexibility. The use of modern software packages for studying the hydrodynamic characteristics of the flow in hydraulic machines significantly reduces the time and material resources in comparison with physical modeling.
Türkiye Ekonomisinin Çok Kriterli Karar Verme Yöntemleri ile Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: ARSLAN Hakan Murat
Published: October 2023

Günümüzde ülkelerin ekonomik performansları çok farklı kriterler çerçevesinde ölçülmeye çalışılmaktadır. Bu amaçla yıldan yıla sayısı ve niteliği artan ekonomik makro göstergelerden yararlanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı Türkiye’nin son 38 yıllık ekonomik performansını literatürde sıklıkla kullanılan makro ekonomik göstergeler çerçevesinde değerlendirmektir. Çalışmanın özgün yanı üç faklı çok kriterli karar verme yönteminin hibrit bir yaklaşımla kullanılması ve fazla sayıdaki alternatifin birlikte değerlendirilmesidir. Çalışmada kullanılan temel veri matrisi değerleri; Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu, Hazine ve Maliye Bakanlığı, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Merkez Bankası ve Bankacılık Düzenleme ve Denetleme Kurumu gibi kuruluşların resmi sitelerinden elde edilmiştir. Çalışmada öncelikle Entropi yöntemi ile kriterlerin ağırlıklarının belirlenmesi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Ardından elde edilen verilere ayrı ayrı EDAS ve MOORA yöntemleri uygulanmıştır. Gerçekleştirilen analizler neticesinde; ekonomik performansın en iyi olduğu yıl 2011, ekonomik performansın en kötü olduğu yıl ise 1994 olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca bu çalışma ile çok kriterli karar verme yöntemleri ile ülkelerin ekonomik performanslarının değerlendirilebileceği gösterilmiştir. Ekonomik performansın bazı yıllarda düşük olmasının sebebi, küresel ekonomik krizler ve yaşanan doğal afetler olduğu düşünülmektedir.
Agonistic song rate positively correlates with male breeding success and avian malaria infection in a promiscuous songbird with female-only parental care
Authors: Kubacka Justyna , Dubiec Anna , Arantes Larissa Souza , Herdegen-Radwan Magdalena , Mazzoni Camila , Sparmann Sarah , Osiejuk Tomasz Stanisław
Published: October 2023

The link between male song and reproductive success has been explored at length in socially monogamous birds. However, results were inconsistent and under-represented socially non-monogamous species with uniparental care. Here, using as a model the aquatic warbler Acrocephalus paludicola, a songbird with no sexual dimorphism, female-only care, promiscuity and elaborate song, we explored whether the repertoire size, song duty cycle and rate of A-songs, used in male-male aggressive interactions, are associated with male fitness- and quality-related traits. Using the information-theoretic approach, we found that the number of 9-day-old nestlings fathered increased with A-song rate, but was not explained by repertoire size and song duty cycle. None of the song variables clearly explained the male return rate or change in the tarsus length (proxy for structural body size) and scaled mass index (proxy for energy reserves) of the fathered chicks between days 2 and 9 post-hatch. Inbreeding coefficient, scaled mass index, wing-length and trypanosome infection status of the males were unassociated with the song characteristics. However, while plasmodia infection was unrelated to the song duty cycle and repertoire size, it positively correlated with A-song rate. We conclude that in male aquatic warblers the agonistic song rate could be shaped by sexual selection and signal tolerance to avian malaria to females.
Dynamic changes in subplate and cortical plate microstructure precede the onset of cortical folding in utero
Authors: Arichi Tomoki , Wilson Sian , Christiaens Daan , Yun Hyukjin , Uus Alena , Cordero-Grande Lucilio , Karolis Vyacheslav , Price Anthony , Deprez Maria , Tournier Jacques-Donald , Rutherford Mary , Grant P , Hajnal Jo , Edwards Anthony , O'Muircheartaigh Jonathan , Im Kiho
Published: October 2023

The structural scaffolding of the human brain is assembled during the fetal period through a series of rapid, dynamic, and intersecting processes. The third trimester of gestation is characterised by the emergence of complex patterns of cortical folding, the development of white matter connections, lamination of the cortex and formation of neural circuits. Multiple hypotheses have been proposed to explain how these processes interact to drive the formation of cortical convolutions, however there are no data-driven analyses during the fetal period to address them empirically.

To explore this gap in understanding, we quantify microstructural changes in the transient fetal compartments undergoing significant developmental change at the onset of gyrification in utero, the subplate (SP) and cortical plate (CP). Using high angular resolution multi-shell diffusion-weighted imaging (HARDI) as part of the Developing Human Connectome Project (dHCP), our analysis reveals that the anisotropic, tissue component of the diffusion signal in the SP and CP decreases immediately prior to the formation of sulcal fundi in the fetal brain. By back-projecting a map of folded brain regions onto the unfolded brain, we provide evidence for cytoarchitectural differences between gyral and sulcal areas at the end of the second trimester, suggesting that regional variation in the density and complexity of neuropil in transient fetal compartments plays a mechanistic function in the onset of folding across the brain.
Association of Food Insecurity with Changes in Diet Quality, Weight, and Glycemia Over Two Years in Adults with Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes on Medicaid
Authors: Gu Kristine , Cheng Jessica , Fung Vicki , Levy Douglas , McGovern Sydney , McCurley Jessica , Clark Cheryl , Thorndike Anne
Published: October 2023

Little is known about longitudinal associations between food insecurity (FI) and diet, weight, and glycemia in people with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes (T2D). In a secondary analysis of Medicaid-enrolled health center patients with prediabetes or T2D in Boston, Massachusetts (N = 188), we examined associations between food security (FS) and measures of diet quality, weight, and hyperglycemia. FS (10-item USDA FS module) was ascertained at baseline, 1-year, and 2-year follow-up and categorized as persistently secure, intermittently insecure, or persistently insecure. Associations between FS category and changes in Healthy Eating Index-2020 (HEI-20), body mass index (BMI), and hemoglobin A1c (A1c) from baseline to year 2 were assessed using multivariate generalized linear models. Participants had median (p25, p75) age of 52 (42, 57); 71.8% were female and 62.8% Hispanic. Over follow-up, 32.4% were persistently food secure, 33.0% intermittently insecure, and 34.5% persistently insecure. Baseline mean (SD) HEI-20, BMI, and A1c were 55.8 (14.5), 35.9 (8.7) kg/m2, 7.1% (1.6) and did not differ by FS category. FS category was not associated with changes in HEI-20, BMI, and A1c at 2 years (all p > 0.05). Results suggest that Medicaid-enrolled adults with prediabetes or T2D, regardless of FS status, would benefit from dietary and weight management interventions.
Experimental Warming and Drying Increase the Age of Soil Respired Carbon in Lowland Tropical Forests
Authors: McFarlane Karis , Cusack Daniela , Dietterich Lee , Hedgpeth Alexandra , Nottingham Andrew
Published: October 2023

Tropical forests account for over 50% of the global terrestrial carbon sink, but climate change threatens to alter the carbon balance of these ecosystems. We show that warming and drying of tropical forest soils may increase soil carbon vulnerability, by increasing the degradation of older carbon and decreasing decomposition of fresh inputs. In situ whole-profile heating by 4ºC and 50% throughfall exclusion both increased the average radiocarbon age of soil CO2 efflux by ~2–3 years, but the mechanisms underlying this shift differed. Warming accelerated decomposition and loss of older carbon as soil CO2 emissions reflecting increased decomposition and loss of older carbon. Drying suppressed microbial decomposition of fresh carbon inputs as soil CO2 emissions decreased. These findings imply that both warming and drying, by accelerating the loss of older soil carbon and reducing the incorporation of fresh carbon, will exacerbate soil carbon losses in tropical forests under climate change.
Enantioselective dearomative ortho-cycloaddition transformation of inactive arenes by cage-confined photocatalysis
Authors: Su Cheng-Yong , Yang Jie , Wu Xiantao , Chen Jie , Huang Sisi , Lu Yu-Lin , Jiao Zhiwei
Published: October 2023

Photoinduced dearomatization of arenes is a powerful strategy in organic synthesis to disrupt the stable aromaticity; however, the asymmetric dearomatization photocatalysis of inactive arenes remains highly challenging and rare. Herein we demonstrate an enzyme-mimicking cage-confined asymmetric photocatalysis method for intramolecular dearomative cycloaddition of electron-deficient β-aryl enones. Owing to the multi-functional synergy of chirality, energy transfer, and host-guest interactions in the confined microenvironments, the self-assembled chiral cage-photoreactor could pre-organize the arenes and activate the β-aryl enones to give stereoselectively fused cyclobutanes through visible-light induced [2+2] ortho-cycloaddition. Notably, the unavoidable transformation to stable [4+2] cycloadducts has been inhibited, producing thermodynamically unfavorable [2+2] cycloadducts with outstanding regio-, diastereo-, and enantioselectivities.
Analysing pedigree to identify undesirable losses of genetic diversity and to prioritize management decisions in captive breeding: a case study
Authors: Moreno Eulalia , Cervantes Isabel , Gutiérrez Juan , Fernández Iván , Goyache Felix
Published: October 2023

When the priority is preventing species extinction, captive breeding is a key component in conservation programmes, allowing recording pedigree information in studbooks. Genealogical information registered in the Cuvier’s gazelle (Gazella cuvieri) studbook between 1975 and 2023 was analysed to: a) assess if the implemented mating policy was successful in preserving the genetic background of the founders (1 male : 3 females) in the present population; and b) improve future management and breeding decisions. Although the maternal contribution of one founder female was lost and the mean inbreeding of the total alive population was high (0.305 ± 0.095), the breeding policy was successful in keeping the individual increase in inbreeding relatively low (ΔFi = 0.047 ± 0.021). Notably, ΔFi per year of birth tended to decrease during the last three decades of the breeding programme, ensuring the viability of that small, highly inbred population. Historical dissemination of individuals among zoos of Europe and North America caused population structuring and genetic differentiation of the alive North America population. However, it does not risk the viability of the species captive population. Analyses allowed to identify individuals with underrepresented genotypes in the population and advised the implementation of management decisions aiming at promoting their reproduction to keep the founders' representation balanced in the next generations. These results show the importance of keeping long-term pedigree information to monitor changes in the genetic diversity of a captive population, which are crucial to implement optimal mating decisions assuring its long-term viability within an ex situ conservation programme.
Prevalence of hepatitis D virus antibody positivity in Chinese patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection
Authors: Liang Xieer , Tang Hong , Guan Yujuan , Liang Minfeng , Hu Peng , Xie Wen , Rao Huiying , Niu Junqi , Chen Liang , Yan Li , Chen Xiaowei , Li Xiaohe , Zhao Yulin , Lenz Oliver , Biermer Michael , Chen Qiaoqiao , Hou Jinlin
Published: October 2023

Purpose: Large-scale data of the hepatitis D virus (HDV)/hepatitis B virus (HBV) co-infection rate is crucial to reveal the current epidemiology of HDV in China.
Methods: Patients with chronic HBV infection with documented serum hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positivity for more than 6 months were enrolled across China. Blood samples were collected at baseline for central evaluations of HDV antibody and HBsAg quantification. Assessments of antibodies of hepatitis A virus, hepatitis C virus, hepatitis E virus, and human immunodeficiency virus and HDV RNA quantification were performed in patients who tested positive for HDV antibodies.
Results: Of the 5,044 enrolled patients between 24 September 2021 and 28 December 2022, 4,936 patients were included in the analysis. The mean age (± standard deviation) was 42.9 ± 9.9 years and 69.8% of patients were male. The mean alanine aminotransferase was 34 ± 58 U/L, and 1,509 (30.6%) patients were hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) positive. The mean HBsAg level at baseline was 3,535 ± 11,292 IU/mL among 4,842 patients who had qualitative results. The rate of HBV infection and HDV antibody positivity was 0.24% (95% CI: 0.1–0.4%), and only one patient was HDV RNA positive.
Conclusion: The prevalence of HDV antibody positivity was 0.24% in Chinese patients with chronic HBV infection and only one patient with anti-HDV antibody and HDV RNA positivity was observed in this study.
Radiomics of Automated Breast Ultrasound for the Pretreatment Prediction of the Pathological Response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Breast Cancer
Authors: Liu Meiling , Zhang Qi , Xie Jingwen , Jiang Yanhui , He Shangpeng , Chen Miao , Zhang Jianxing
Published: October 2023

Objective:
To compare and analyze the radiomics features of automated breast ultrasound (ABUS) images acquired before neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) with postoperative pathological changes in breast cancer, and explore its clinical value in predicting the pathological response of NAC.
Methods:
This retrospective study included 134 cases of breast cancer who underwent NAC and automated breast ultrasound (ABUS) prior to treatment. All cases were randomly divided into a training set (n=93) and a testing set (n=41). The cross-sectional and coronal planes of the largest section of the lesion were manually outlined and 2,250 radiomics features were extracted. Then, the Select K Best, the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO), and redundancy analysis were used to select features. Finally, models were constructed using the k-nearest neighbors (KNN) and support vector machine (SVM) classifiers, in combination with clinicopathological characteristics, to predict the sensitivity and insensitivity to NAC pathological response.
Result:
A total of 20 radiomic features were chosen, and the epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) as well as orange peel sign were of predictive value in the evaluation of response to NAC in breast cancer (P < 0.05 in univariate and multivariate analyses). Among the models, the SVM-Clinical model demonstrated superior performance, with area under the curve (AUC) values of 0.929 and 0.802 in the training and testing sets, respectively. Its clinical benefit was also confirmed by decision curve analysis (DCA) and clinical impact curve (CIC) analysis, particularly when the threshold was at ≥ 0.8, yielding the highest clinical net benefit.
Conclusion:
Radiomics features extracted from ABUS images were valuable for pretreatment prediction of response to NAC in breast cancer, and predictive models based on pretreatment ABUS radiomics in combination with clinicopathological characteristics could be employed to predict the pathological response to NAC.
Nuts and Seeds Consumption Mitigates Mortality Risk in MAFLD: A Comprehensive Cohort Analysis with Optimal Intake Insights
Authors: Chen Zhanjun , Yan Yuqin , Liu Jinhuang , Zheng Jianzhong , Huang Bo , Huang Dongling , Lin Jianshan
Published: October 2023

Background
Recently, the designation "Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease" (MAFLD) has emerged to more holistically depict the disease's multifaceted nature. Within this framework, patients are stratified as either metabolically healthy (MH) or metabolically unhealthy (MU). The unique nutrient composition of nuts and seeds (NUTSDS) suggests potential health advantages, potentially mitigating premature mortality risks.This research delves into the impact of NUTSDS consumption on all-cause mortality within the diverse MAFLD categories.
Methods
We embarked on a prospective cohort investigation involving 13,762 participants, drawn from a nationally representative pool of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Mortality events and underlying causes were tracked through a linkage with death records until December 31, 2019. To elucidate the connection between NUTSDS intake and mortality across MAFLD categories, we employed both the Weighted Cox proportional hazards regression and Restricted Cubic Spline (RCS) analytical methods.The robustness of our results is further buttressed by a series of stratified and sensitivity assessments.
Results
Out of the 13,762 studied participants, representing a weighted national estimate of 58,212,532individuals, 62.73% were MAFLD-diagnosed. Among them, 7.79% were MH-MAFLD, and 54.95% were MU-MAFLD. Over 135,552.9 person-years (median follow-up of 9.58 years), there were 1,558 recorded deaths. The fully adjusted Cox model demonstrated a 15% reduced risk of all-cause mortality with NUTSDS intake (HR, 0.85; 95%CI, 0.74–0.97) in the MAFLD group and a similar risk reduction in the MU-MAFLD group (HR, 0.86; 95%CI, 0.76–0.98). Notably, no such associations were found in the Non-MAFLD and MH-MAFLD groups. RCS analyses suggested a U-shaped mortality curve with optimal NUTSDS consumption levels at 3.79 oz/day for MAFLD and 3.87 oz/day for MU-MAFLD.
Conclusions
These insights accentuate the prospective protective effects of NUTSDS consumption against all-cause mortality in MAFLD individuals, especially salient in the MU-MAFLD demographic.
Intersectional analysis of social disparities in type 2 diabetes risk among adults in Germany: results from a nationwide population-based survey
Authors: Färber Francesca , Alonso-Perez Enrique , Heidemann Christin , Du Yong , Stadler Gertraud , Gellert Paul , O’Sullivan Julie Lorraine
Published: October 2023

Background
Differences in type 2 diabetes risk have been reported for several sociodemographic determinants including sex/gender or socioeconomic status. From an intersectional perspective, it is important to not only consider the role of social dimensions individually, but also their intersections. This allows for a deeper understanding of diabetes risk and preventive needs among diverse population groups.
Methods
As an intersectionality-informed approach, multilevel analysis of individual heterogeneity and discriminatory accuracy (MAIHDA) was used in a population-based sample of adults without known diabetes in Germany from the cross-sectional survey “Disease knowledge and information needs – Diabetes mellitus (2017)”. Diabetes risk was assessed by the German Diabetes Risk Score (GDRS, range 0-122 points) estimating the individual risk of developing type 2 diabetes within the next 5 years based on established self-reported risk factors. Nesting individuals in 12 intersectional strata defined by combining sex/gender, educational level, and history of migration, we calculated measures to quantify the extent to which individual differences in diabetes risk are explained at strata level, and how much this is due to additive or multiplicative intersectional effects of social determinants.
Results
Drawing on data of 2,253 participants we found good discriminatory accuracy of intersectional strata (variance partition coefficient = 14.00% in the simple intersectional model). Model-predicted GDRS means varied between 29.97 (corresponding to a “low risk” of < 2%) in women with high educational level and a history of migration, and 52.73 (“still low risk” of 2–5%) in men with low educational level without a history of migration. Variance in GDRS between strata was mainly explained by additive effects of social determinants (proportional change in variance to intersectional interaction model = 77.95%) with being male and having low educational level being associated with higher GDRS. There was no evidence of multiplicative effects in individual strata.
Conclusions
Type 2 diabetes risk differed between intersectional strata and can to some extent be explained at strata level. The role of intersectional effects was minor and needs to be further investigated. Findings suggest a need for specific preventive measures targeted at large groups with increased diabetes risk, such as men and persons with low educational level.