bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unveiling the nature of Pt-induced anti-deactivation of Ru for alkaline hydrogen oxidation reaction
Authors: Fang Yanyan , Wei Cong , Bian Zenan , Yin Xuanwei , Liu Bo , Liu Zhaohui , Chi Peng , Xiao Junxin , Song Wanjie , Niu Shuwen , Tang Chongyang , Liu Jun , Ge Xiaolin , Xu Tongwen , Wang Gongming
Published: February 2024

While Ru owns superior catalytic activity toward hydrogen oxidation reaction and cost advantages, the catalyst deactivation under high anodic potential range severely limits its potential to replace the Pt benchmark catalyst. Unveiling the deactivation mechanism of Ru and correspondingly developing protection strategies remain a great challenge. Herein, we develop atomic Pt-functioned Ru nanoparticles with excellent anti-deactivation feature and meanwhile employ advanced operando characterization tools to probe the underlying roles of Pt in the anti-deactivation. Our studies reveal the introduced Pt single atoms effectively prevent Ru from oxidative passivation and consequently preserve the interfacial water network for the critical H* oxidative release during catalysis. Clearly understanding the deactivation nature of Ru and Pt-induced anti-deactivation under atomic levels could provide valuable insights for rationally designing stable Ru-based catalysts for hydrogen oxidation reaction and beyond.
Reactive aldehyde chemistry explains the missing source of hydroxyl radicals
Authors: Yang Xinping , Wang Haichao , Lu Keding , Ma Xuefei , Tan Zhaofeng , Long Bo , Chen Xiaorui , Li Chunmeng , Zhai Tianyu , Li Yang , Qu Kun , Xia Yu , Zhang Yuqiong , Li Xin , Chen Shiyi , Dong Huabin , Zeng Limin , Zhang Yuanhang
Published: February 2024

Hydroxyl radicals (OH) determine the tropospheric self-cleansing capacity, thus regulating air quality and climate. However, the state-of-the-art mechanisms still underestimate OH at low nitrogen oxide and high volatile organic compound regimes even considering the latest isoprene chemistry. Here we propose that the reactive aldehyde chemistry, especially the autoxidation of carbonyl organic peroxy radicals (R(CO)O2) derived from higher aldehydes, is a noteworthy OH regeneration mechanism that overwhelms the contribution of the isoprene autoxidation, the latter has been proved to largely contribute to the missing OH source under high isoprene condition. As diagnosed by the quantum chemical calculations, the R(CO)O2 radicals undergo fast H-migration to produce unsaturated hydroperoxyl-carbonyls that generate OH through rapid photolysis. This chemistry could explain almost all unknown OH sources in areas rich in both natural and anthropogenic emissions in the warm seasons, and may increasingly impact the global self-cleansing capacity in a future low nitrogen oxide society under carbon neutrality scenarios.
Euglena’s atypical respiratory chain adapts to the discoidal cristae and flexible metabolism
Authors: He Zhaoxiang , Wu Mengchen , Tian Hongtao , Wang Liangdong , Hu Yiqi , Han Fangzhu , Zhou Jiancang , Wang Yong , Zhou Long
Published: February 2024

Euglena gracilis, a model organism of the eukaryotic supergroup Discoba harbouring also clinically important parasitic species, possesses diverse metabolic strategies and an atypical electron transport chain. While structures of the electron transport chain complexes and supercomplexes of most other eukaryotic clades have been reported, no similar structure is currently available for Discoba, limiting the understandings of its core metabolism and leaving a gap in the evolutionary tree of eukaryotic bioenergetics. Here, we report high-resolution cryo-EM structures of Euglena’s respirasome I + III2 + IV and supercomplex III2 + IV2. A previously unreported fatty acid synthesis domain locates on the tip of complex I’s peripheral arm, providing a clear picture of its atypical subunit composition identified previously. Individual complexes are re-arranged in the respirasome to adapt to the non-uniform membrane curvature of the discoidal cristae. Furthermore, Euglena’s conformationally rigid complex I is deactivated by restricting ubiquinone’s access to its substrate tunnel. Our findings provide structural insights for therapeutic developments against euglenozoan parasite infections.
Hyperbolic photonic topological insulators
Authors: Huang Lei , He Lu , Zhang Weixuan , Zhang Huizhen , Liu Dongning , Feng Xue , Liu Fang , Cui Kaiyu , Huang Yidong , Zhang Wei , Zhang Xiangdong
Published: February 2024

Topological photonics provides a new degree of freedom to robustly control electromagnetic fields. To date, most of established topological states in photonics have been employed in Euclidean space. Motivated by unique properties of hyperbolic lattices, which are regular tessellations in non-Euclidean space with a constant negative curvature, the boundary-dominated hyperbolic topological states have been proposed. However, limited by highly crowded boundary resonators and complicated site couplings, the hyperbolic topological insulator has only been experimentally constructed in electric circuits. How to achieve hyperbolic photonic topological insulators is still an open question. Here, we report the experimental realization of hyperbolic photonic topological insulators using coupled ring resonators on silicon chips. Boundary-dominated one-way edge states with pseudospin-dependent propagation directions have been observed. Furthermore, the robustness of edge states in hyperbolic photonic topological insulators is also verified. Our findings have potential applications in the field of designing high-efficient topological photonic devices with enhanced boundary responses.
scCASE: accurate and interpretable enhancement for single-cell chromatin accessibility sequencing data
Authors: Tang Songming , Cui Xuejian , Wang Rongxiang , Li Sijie , Li Siyu , Huang Xin , Chen Shengquan
Published: February 2024

Single-cell chromatin accessibility sequencing (scCAS) has emerged as a valuable tool for interrogating and elucidating epigenomic heterogeneity and gene regulation. However, scCAS data inherently suffers from limitations such as high sparsity and dimensionality, which pose significant challenges for downstream analyses. Although several methods are proposed to enhance scCAS data, there are still challenges and limitations that hinder the effectiveness of these methods. Here, we propose scCASE, a scCAS data enhancement method based on non-negative matrix factorization which incorporates an iteratively updating cell-to-cell similarity matrix. Through comprehensive experiments on multiple datasets, we demonstrate the advantages of scCASE over existing methods for scCAS data enhancement. The interpretable cell type-specific peaks identified by scCASE can provide valuable biological insights into cell subpopulations. Moreover, to leverage the large compendia of available omics data as a reference, we further expand scCASE to scCASER, which enables the incorporation of external reference data to improve enhancement performance.
Non-volatile rippled-assisted optoelectronic array for all-day motion detection and recognition
Authors: Pang Xingchen , Wang Yang , Zhu Yuyan , Zhang Zhenhan , Xiang Du , Ge Xun , Wu Haoqi , Jiang Yongbo , Liu Zizheng , Liu Xiaoxian , Liu Chunsen , Hu Weida , Zhou Peng
Published: February 2024

In-sensor processing has the potential to reduce the energy consumption and hardware complexity of motion detection and recognition. However, the state-of-the-art all-in-one array integration technologies with simultaneous broadband spectrum image capture (sensory), image memory (storage) and image processing (computation) functions are still insufficient. Here, macroscale (2 × 2 mm2) integration of a rippled-assisted optoelectronic array (18 × 18 pixels) for all-day motion detection and recognition. The rippled-assisted optoelectronic array exhibits remarkable uniformity in the memory window, optically stimulated non-volatile positive and negative photoconductance. Importantly, the array achieves an extensive optical storage dynamic range exceeding 106, and exceptionally high room-temperature mobility up to 406.7 cm2 V−1 s−1, four times higher than the International Roadmap for Device and Systems 2028 target. Additionally, the spectral range of each rippled-assisted optoelectronic processor covers visible to near-infrared (405 nm–940 nm), achieving function of motion detection and recognition.
Genomic evidence for rediploidization and adaptive evolution following the whole-genome triplication
Authors: Feng Xiao , Chen Qipian , Wu Weihong , Wang Jiexin , Li Guohong , Xu Shaohua , Shao Shao , Liu Min , Zhong Cairong , Wu Chung-I , Shi Suhua , He Ziwen
Published: February 2024

Whole-genome duplication (WGD), or polyploidy, events are widespread and significant in the evolutionary history of angiosperms. However, empirical evidence for rediploidization, the major process where polyploids give rise to diploid descendants, is still lacking at the genomic level. Here we present chromosome-scale genomes of the mangrove tree Sonneratia alba and the related inland plant Lagerstroemia speciosa. Their common ancestor has experienced a whole-genome triplication (WGT) approximately 64 million years ago coinciding with a period of dramatic global climate change. Sonneratia, adapting mangrove habitats, experienced extensive chromosome rearrangements post-WGT. We observe the WGT retentions display sequence and expression divergence, suggesting potential neo- and sub-functionalization. Strong selection acting on three-copy retentions indicates adaptive value in response to new environments. To elucidate the role of ploidy changes in genome evolution, we improve a model of the polyploidization–rediploidization process based on genomic evidence, contributing to the understanding of adaptive evolution during climate change.
Nature’s contribution to poverty alleviation, human wellbeing and the SDGs
Authors: Poudyal Mahesh , Kraft Franziska , Wells Geoff , Das Anamika , Attiwilli Suman , Schreckenberg Kate , Lele Sharachchandra , Daw Tim , Torres-Vitolas Carlos , Setty Siddappa , Adams Helen , Ahmad Sate , Ryan Casey , Fisher Janet , Robinson Brian , Jones Julia P. G. , Homewood Katherine , Bluwstein Jevgeniy , Keane Aidan , Macamo Celia , Mugi Lilian Mwihaki
Published: February 2024

Millions of households globally rely on uncultivated ecosystems for their livelihoods. However, much of the understanding about the broader contribution of uncultivated ecosystems to human wellbeing is still based on a series of small-scale studies due to limited availability of large-scale datasets. We pooled together 11 comparable datasets comprising 232 settlements and 10,971 households in ten low-and middle-income countries, representing forest, savanna and coastal ecosystems to analyse how uncultivated nature contributes to multi-dimensional wellbeing and how benefits from nature are distributed between households. The resulting dataset integrates secondary data on rural livelihoods, multidimensional human wellbeing, household demographics, resource tenure and social-ecological context, primarily drawing on nine existing household surveys and their associated contextual information together with selected variables, such as travel time to cities, population density, local area GDP and land use and land cover from existing global datasets. This integrated dataset has been archived with ReShare (UK Data Service) and will be useful for further analyses on nature-wellbeing relationships on its own or in combination with similar datasets.
Ground far-red sun-induced chlorophyll fluorescence and vegetation indices in the US Midwestern agroecosystems
Authors: Wu Genghong , Guan Kaiyu , Kimm Hyungsuk , Miao Guofang , Yang Xi , Jiang Chongya
Published: February 2024

Sun-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) provides an opportunity to study terrestrial ecosystem photosynthesis dynamics. However, the current coarse spatiotemporal satellite SIF products are challenging for mechanistic interpretations of SIF signals. Long-term ground SIF and vegetation indices (VIs) are important for satellite SIF validation and mechanistic understanding of the relationship between SIF and photosynthesis when combined with leaf- and canopy-level auxiliary measurements. In this study, we present and analyze a total of 15 site-years of ground far-red SIF (SIF at 760 nm, SIF760) and VIs datasets from soybean, corn, and miscanthus grown in the U.S. Corn Belt from 2016 to 2021. We introduce a comprehensive data processing protocol, including different retrieval methods, calibration coefficient adjustment, and nadir SIF footprint upscaling to match the eddy covariance footprint. This long-term ground far-red SIF and VIs dataset provides important and first-hand data for far-red SIF interpretation and understanding the mechanistic relationship between far-red SIF and canopy photosynthesis across various crop species and environmental conditions.
Plaque heterogeneity and the spatial distributions of its components dictate drug-coated balloon therapy
Authors: Sarifuddin  , Mandal Prashanta Kumar
Published: February 2024

Drug-coated balloon (DCB) angioplasty is one of the potential approaches to alleviating in-stent restenosis and treating peripheral artery disease. An in-silico model has been developed for sirolimus drug eluted from an inflated balloon in a patient-specific arterial cross-section consisting of fibrous tissue, fibrofatty tissue, dense calcium, necrotic core, and healthy tissue. The convection-diffusion-reaction equation represents the transport of drug, while drug binding, both specific and non-specific, can be modelled as a reaction process. The Brinkman equations describe the interstitial flow in porous tissue. An image processing technique is leveraged for reconstructing the computational domain. The Marker and Cell, and Immersed Boundary Methods are used to solve the set of governing equations. The no-flux interface condition and convection do amplify the tissue content, and the regions of dense calcium and necrotic core limited to or extremely close to the interface pose a clinical threat to DCB therapy. Simulations predict the effects of the positioning and clustering of plaque components in the domain. This study demands extensive intravascular ultrasound-derived virtual histology (VH-IVUS) imaging to understand the plaque morphology and determine the relative positions of different plaque compositions about the lumen-tissue interface, which have a significant impact on arterial pharmacokinetics.
Optimization and characterization of silver nanoparticle-modified luffa for the adsorption of ketoprofen and reactive yellow 15 from aqueous solutions
Authors: Tavassoli Soheil , Cheraghi Setareh , Etemadifar Pardis , Mollahosseini Afsaneh , joodaki Shirin , Sedighi Niloofar
Published: February 2024

In the current work, luffa was modified with silver nanoparticles to prepare LF/AgNPs adsorbent for the elimination of ketoprofen and reactive yellow 15 (RY15) from aqueous media. Various characterization techniques, including FT-IR, XRD, BET, and SEM–EDS analysis, were employed to confirm the successful modification of LF/AgNPs. Several key parameters such as contact time, adsorbent dosage, concentration, pH, and agitation technique were fine-tuned to optimize the adsorption process. Ketoprofen removal was found to be most effective in weakly acidic conditions (pH = 5), while reactive yellow 15 adsorption was enhanced in an acidic environment (pH = 2). At 298 K, the highest adsorption capacities reached 56.88 mg/g for ketoprofen and 97.76 mg/g for reactive yellow 15. In both scenarios involving the elimination of ketoprofen and RY15, the Temkin isotherm exhibits higher R2 values, specifically 0.997 for ketoprofen and 0.963 for RY15, demonstrating a strong correlation with the observed adsorption data. Additionally, the kinetics of ketoprofen adsorption were best described by the Pseudo-first order model (R2 = 0.989), whereas the Pseudo-second order model provided the most accurate fit for reactive yellow 15 adsorption (R2 = 0.997). Importantly, the LF/AgNPs adsorbent displayed consistent performance over five consecutive reuse cycles, affirming its stability and efficacy in removing both contaminants. These findings underscore the exceptional potential of LF/AgNPs as a reliable adsorbent for the removal of reactive yellow 15 and ketoprofen from aqueous solutions.
Plasma membrane damage limits replicative lifespan in yeast and induces premature senescence in human fibroblasts
Authors: Suda Kojiro , Moriyama Yohsuke , Razali Nurhanani , Chiu Yatzu , Masukagami Yumiko , Nishimura Koutarou , Barbee Hunter , Takase Hiroshi , Sugiyama Shinju , Yamazaki Yuta , Sato Yoshikatsu , Higashiyama Tetsuya , Johmura Yoshikazu , Nakanishi Makoto , Kono Keiko
Published: February 2024

Plasma membrane damage (PMD) occurs in all cell types due to environmental perturbation and cell-autonomous activities. However, cellular outcomes of PMD remain largely unknown except for recovery or death. In this study, using budding yeast and normal human fibroblasts, we found that cellular senescence—stable cell cycle arrest contributing to organismal aging—is the long-term outcome of PMD. Our genetic screening using budding yeast unexpectedly identified a close genetic association between PMD response and replicative lifespan regulations. Furthermore, PMD limits replicative lifespan in budding yeast; upregulation of membrane repair factors ESCRT-III (SNF7) and AAA-ATPase (VPS4) extends it. In normal human fibroblasts, PMD induces premature senescence via the Ca2+–p53 axis but not the major senescence pathway, DNA damage response pathway. Transient upregulation of ESCRT-III (CHMP4B) suppressed PMD-dependent senescence. Together with mRNA sequencing results, our study highlights an underappreciated but ubiquitous senescent cell subtype: PMD-dependent senescent cells.
Estimating the risk of brain metastasis for patients newly diagnosed with cancer
Authors: Miccio Joseph A. , Tian Zizhong , Mahase Sean S. , Lin Christine , Choi Serah , Zacharia Brad E. , Sheehan Jason P. , Brown Paul D. , Trifiletti Daniel M. , Palmer Joshua D. , Wang Ming , Zaorsky Nicholas G.
Published: February 2024

Background

Brain metastases (BM) affect clinical management and prognosis but limited resources exist to estimate BM risk in newly diagnosed cancer patients. Additionally, guidelines for brain MRI screening are limited. We aimed to develop and validate models to predict risk of BM at diagnosis for the most common cancer types that spread to the brain.

Methods

Breast cancer, melanoma, kidney cancer, colorectal cancer (CRC), small cell lung cancer (SCLC), and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) data were extracted from the National Cancer Database to evaluate for the variables associated with the presence of BM at diagnosis. Multivariable logistic regression (LR) models were developed and performance was evaluated with Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve (AUC) and random-split training and testing datasets. Nomograms and a Webtool were created for each cancer type.

Results

We identify 4,828,305 patients from 2010-2018 (2,095,339 breast cancer, 472,611 melanoma, 407,627 kidney cancer, 627,090 CRC, 164,864 SCLC, and 1,060,774 NSCLC). The proportion of patients with BM at diagnosis is 0.3%, 1.5%, 1.3%, 0.3%, 16.0%, and 10.3% for breast cancer, melanoma, kidney cancer, CRC, SCLC, and NSCLC, respectively. The average AUC over 100 random splitting for the LR models is 0.9534 for breast cancer, 0.9420 for melanoma, 0.8785 for CRC, 0.9054 for kidney cancer, 0.7759 for NSCLC, and 0.6180 for SCLC.

Conclusions

We develop accurate models that predict the BM risk at diagnosis for multiple cancer types. The nomograms and Webtool may aid clinicians in considering brain MRI at the time of initial cancer diagnosis.
Application of CRISPR/Cas13a-based biosensors in serum marker detection
Authors: He Wei , Liu Xiyu , Na Jintong , Bian Huimin , Zhong Liping , Li Guiyin
Published: February 2024

This paper focuses on the research progress of CRISPR/Cas13a-based biosensors in serum marker detection, their principles and applications, the differences between the different types of these biosensors, and their future development direction.
High-efficiency unbiased water splitting with photoanodes harnessing polycarbazole hole transport layers
Authors: Yang Jin Wook , Ji Su Geun , Jeong Chang-Seop , Kim Jaehyun , Kwon Hee Ryeong , Lee Tae Hyung , Lee Sol A , Cheon Woo Seok , Lee Seokju , Lee Hyungsoo , Kwon Min Sang , Moon Jooho , Kim Jin Young , Jang Ho Won
Published: February 2024

The conformal heterojunction of a competent hole transport layer onto the nanoporous BiVO4 photoanode is highly challenging, despite its promise for unbiased photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting.
Future environmental impacts of global hydrogen production
Authors: Wei Shijie , Sacchi Romain , Tukker Arnold , Suh Sangwon , Steubing Bernhard
Published: February 2024

We quantified the life-cycle environmental impacts of H2 production at the regional and global levels for the first time.
Effect of metal ions in the electron-transfer mechanism on the photovoltaic performance of SALPHEN-based DSSC: experimental and theoretical studies
Authors: Hernández José Guadalupe , Aguilar Carlos Alberto Huerta , Narayanan Jayanthi , Flores Eduardo Daniel Tecuapa , Thangarasu Pandiyan , Ramírez Aldo Hernández , Shanmugam Karthika , Martinez Mayra Margarita Luna
Published: February 2024

Herein, we report the synthesis and characterization of metal complexes of Fe(iii), Co(ii), and Cu(ii) with SALPHEN (N,N-bis(salicylimine)-o-phenyldiammine) and their potential application as sensitizers in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs).
Selenium reduction pathways in the colloidal synthesis of CdSe nanoplatelets
Authors: Di Giacomo Alessio , Myslovska Alina , De Roo Vic , Goeman Jan , Martins José C. , Moreels Iwan
Published: February 2024

We discuss how elemental selenium can be reduced by solvents that contain CC double bonds or carboxylic acid, and how this impacts the CdSe nanoplatelet synthesis.
Wafer scale growth of single crystal two-dimensional van der Waals materials
Authors: Gautam Chetna , Thakurta Baishali , Pal Monalisa , Ghosh Anup Kumar , Giri Anupam
Published: February 2024

This minireview focuses on wafer-scale synthesis of single-crystal 2D van der Waals thin films such as graphene, hBN and metal chalcogenides, summarizing the state-of-the-art synthesis routes, discussing the current challenges and future outlook.
Predicting the solubility of gases, vapors, and supercritical fluids in amorphous polymers from electron density using convolutional neural networks
Authors: Gromov Oleg I.
Published: February 2024

A twin convolutional neural network is proposed to predict the pressure and temperature-dependent sorption of gases, vapors, and supercritical fluids in amorphous polymers, using spatial electron density distribution.
A reversible photoelectrochemical microsensor for dynamically monitoring sulfur dioxide in the epileptic brain
Authors: Lin Danying , Lu Tao , Wang Xiao , Ye Xiaoxue , Liu Zhihong
Published: February 2024

A reversible PEC microsensor (RPMS) based on FRET-modulated signal has been developed, demonstrating its effectiveness for dynamic monitoring of SO2 levels in the living brains of epileptic mice.
In situ Nafion-nanofilm oriented (002) Zn electrodeposition for long-term zinc-ion batteries
Authors: Zhang Da , Song Ziyang , Miao Ling , Lv Yaokang , Gan Lihua , Liu Mingxian
Published: February 2024

Nafion introduced into an aqueous electrolyte activates a thermodynamically ultrastable Zn/electrolyte interface, which guides the directional Zn2+ electrodeposition along the (002) crystal surface for a dendrite-free Zn metal anode.
In situ confined synthesis of an interlayer-riveted carbon shell encapsulated PdZnBi alloy as a highly active and durable oxygen reduction reaction catalyst
Authors: Chang Liyuan , Zhou Kailing , Si Weihan , Wang Chao , Wang Changhao , Zhang Manchen , Ke Xiaoxing , Chen Ge , Wang Ruzhi
Published: February 2024

An interlayer riveted carbon shell encapsulated PdZnBi alloy is synthesized using the in situ confinement effect of small molecules. After a long-term durability test, its mass activity (MA) remained at 94% of the initial value.
Mitigating the impact of gelatin capsule variability on detection of substandard and falsified pharmaceuticals with near-IR spectroscopy
Authors: Awotunde Olatunde , Lu Jiaqi , Cai Jin , Roseboom Nicholas , Honegger Sarah , Joseph Ornella , Wicks Alyssa , Hayes Kathleen , Lieberman Marya
Published: February 2024

Portable NIR spectrometers are effective in detecting authentic pharmaceutical products in intact capsule formulations, which can be used to screen for substandard or falsified versions of those authentic products.
Mechanochemical indium(0)-mediated Barbier allylation of carbonyl compounds: unexpected immiscible water additive effect for hydrophobic reagents
Authors: Kim Nuri , Go Eun Sul , Kim Jeung Gon
Published: February 2024

Indium-mediated Barbier allylation exhibited a positive effect with the addition of water under mechanochemical ball-milling conditions.
Continuous flow synthesis of atom-precise platinum clusters
Authors: Schmitt Christian , Da Roit Nicola , Neumaier Marco , Maliakkal Carina B. , Wang Di , Henrich Thilo , Kübel Christian , Kappes Manfred , Behrens Silke
Published: February 2024

Platinum clusters were prepared in a continuous flow synthesis using a modular platform based on a continuous stirred tank reactor cascade. Transmission electron microscopy and mass spectrometry confirmed the atom-precise cluster structure.
Bionic nanotheranostic for multimodal imaging-guided NIR-II-photothermal cancer therapy
Authors: Zhang Meng , Zhang Yuxuan , Hang Lifeng , Zhang Tao , Luo Chuangcai , Li Wuming , Sun Yiqiang , Wen Hua , Chen Yiyu , Jiang Guihua , Ma Xiaofen
Published: February 2024

In this study, a novel diagnostic-therapeutic integrated nanoplatform (named AMP) was developed for multimodal imaging-guided near-infrared (NIR-II) second window photothermal therapy for cancer.
Long-circulating nanoparticles as passive targeting nanocarriers for the treatment of thrombosis
Authors: Li Junyao , Lu Keqiang , Sun Shaokai , Peng Juanjuan , Zhao Lingzhi
Published: February 2024

Long-circulating nanoparticles without targeting ligands could passively target the thrombus and serve as the delivery system of thrombolytic drugs.
Sensory Gating in the Auditory System: Classical and Novel Stimulus Paradigms
Authors: Gafoor Shezeen Abdul , Uppunda Ajith Kumar
Published: February 2024

Purpose:

Sensory gating is a phenomenon where the cortical response to the second stimulus in a pair of identical stimuli is inhibited. It is most often assessed in a conditioning–testing paradigm. Both active and passive neuronal mechanisms have been implicated in sensory gating. The present study aimed to assess if sensory gating is caused by an active neural mechanism associated with stimulus redundancy.

Method:

The study was carried out on 20 young neurotypical adults. We assessed the gating phenomenon using identical and nonidentical stimuli pairs presented in an electrophysiological conditioning–testing paradigm. We hypothesized that the novel stimulus in the nonidentical stimulus pair would not exhibit the sensory gating effects (reduction in the amplitude of cortical potentials to the second stimuli in the pair), owing to stimulus novelty.

Results:

Contrary to our expectations, the response analyses of the cortical auditory evoked potentials revealed that adults gated repetitive and novel stimuli similarly.

Conclusions:

The findings are discussed in relation to the significance of methodological factors in evaluating sensory gating. We believe that additional research using oddball presentation of novel stimuli along with appropriate analysis methods is necessary before drawing any conclusions on the mechanisms underlying sensory gating.
A Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm‐based line parameters identification method for distribution network considering multisource measurement
Authors: Xu Dongliang , Song Xuewen , Wu Zaijun , Xu Junjun , Hu Qinran
Published: February 2024

The uncertainty brought by the integration of distributed generations in distribution networks poses a higher demand for situation awareness in the distribution network. Accurate identification of distribution network line parameters is of great significance for the operation and control of the distribution network. This paper proposes a method for identifying distribution network line parameters considering multisource measurement. Firstly, the initial values of conductivity and susceptance are obtained through linear regression and converted into resistance and reactance, respectively. Then, based on the series parallel connection of the network end branches, a non‐linear function about resistance reactance is derived. By combining the measurement data of micro phasor measurement unit and advanced metering infrastructure at multiple times, the non‐linear measurement equation of the line is established, and the Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm is used to solve the non‐linear function, thus achieving the identification of distribution line parameters. The case study demonstrates the accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed method.
Optimizing air conditioning loads scheduling: A bi‐objective dynamic optimization algorithm considering life loss impact
Authors: Li Zhiwei , Hu Wenhao , Wu Pei , Cong Zhihan , Zhao Shuqiang
Published: February 2024

Air conditioning loads (ACLs) can actively contribute to optimizing energy usage and increasing renewable energy utilization rate through scheduling. Existing studies on the participation of ACLs in DR have mainly focused on developing ON/OFF strategies, little consideration has been given to the impact of DR on the life loss of ACLs. In light of this, the present study first introduces an equation for quantifying the life loss of ACLs. Building upon this, an optimizing ACLs scheduling model is established considering life loss impact. As the relationship between life loss and refrigeration power is a complex non‐linear high‐order fractional function, it cannot be solved by conventional commercial solvers. Therefore, a bi‐objective dynamic optimization algorithm is proposed based on non‐linear fractional programming (NFP) to address this problem. To assess the effectiveness of our algorithm, it is used in a microgrid case with three schemes. Scheme 3 is aquatinted to consider the economic cost and the life loss of ACLs simultaneously, aiming to maximize the comprehensive benefit of the scheduling scheme. The results confirm the efficiency and superiority of the proposed algorithm.
Substantiation of the Parameters of a Slit Sprayer for Applying Biological Products when Harvesting Bulky Feeds with High Humidity
Authors: Zhadko Valeria , Papusha Sergey
Published: February 2024

The main method of harvesting hay is its pressing, in which a mandatory requirement is to ensure constant conditioned humidity of the material. Compliance with such material parameters in the field is very difficult. Therefore, in order to achieve maximum efficiency when harvesting bulky, it is necessary to use various bioconservants and their uniform distribution over the surface of the selected roll. One of the conditions for the operation of the distribution system is the use of high pressure to crush a drop of a solution of a biological product, which negatively affects the effectiveness of the preservative. In the course of the work, the performance of the sprayer was studied depending on the pressure in the pneumatic system of the spraying device and the diameter of the feeding tube.
Global warming: Anthopogenic or natural factor?
Authors: Korolev Ilya , Kravchenko Maxim , Fedorova Elena , Ozerova Natalia , Vasileva Natalia
Published: February 2024

The paper looks at climate change, the signs and causes of global warming. An analysis of climatic changes is carried out taking into account the factors of anthropogenic and natural impact. Examples of anthropogenic effects on global warming and natural impacts are given. One solution to reduce the environmental burden is reasonable and conscious consumption. As a result, the question arises: who contributes more to global warming - anthropogenic human activity or natural impact.
Data mining for assessing soil fertility
Authors: Inoyatova Manzura , Ziyadullaev Davron , Muhamediyeva Dilnoz , Aynaqulov Sharofiddin , Ziyaeva Sholpan
Published: February 2024

The study is devoted to the use of data mining to assess soil fertility, which is a modern and effective tool in agriculture and ecology. The method includes integrated approaches to data collection, processing and analysis aimed at determining soil fertility, its composition and potential for successful agricultural use. Using a variety of machine learning techniques and statistical models, researchers can predict crop yields, optimize fertilization and soil management strategies, and identify environmental and soil health risks. In particular, the use of the regression method makes it possible to build models that predict the values of fertile soil parameters based on available data. Using machine learning techniques such as Bayes' theorem and support vector machines (SVM), researchers can effectively estimate soil fertility, predict soil characteristics, and optimize agricultural practices. The results of the study demonstrate the high performance of the models in soil sample classification tasks, highlighting their potential for improving soil resource management and increasing crop yields. Such machine learning techniques provide powerful tools for agricultural workers and researchers, facilitating more precise and sustainable agriculture, which is essential for food security and ecosystem resilience.
Studying the efficacy of herbicides against annual cereal and dicotyledonous weeds
Authors: Shunekeyeva Alma , Loskutova Galina , Yeszhanov Galichan , Orazalina Balzhan , Syzdykova Gaukhar
Published: February 2024

The harmfulness of annual cereal weeds increases annually. In the Akmola Region, the species composition of weed vegetation, numbering many species and infesting crops, is very diverse and is represented by the following and the most common: Avena fatua (common wild oat), Echinochloa grusgalli (chicken millet), and Setaria viridis (gray mouse). High severity is also observed in lamb’s quarters (Chenopodium album), common beetle (Amaranthus retroflexus), and European stickseed (Lappula squarrosa). The evaluated herbicides include “Dezormon”, “Dezormon Efir”, “Topik”, “Ovsyugen Extra”, combined formulations like “Ovsyugen Extra + Arbalet + Liberti”, “Ester + Ovsyugen Extra”, “Megastar + Efir”, and several others, each demonstrating varying degrees of biological effectiveness, ranging from 76% to 99%. The outcomes indicate that the use of these herbicides significantly mitigates the weediness of the cereal crops, thereby enhancing the grain yield. This study provides valuable insights into the strategic application of herbicide mixtures as a sustainable solution for weed management in cereal cultivation, emphasizing the need for integrated weed control strategies to ensure agricultural sustainability and food security.
Patients with Heart Failure: Internet Use and Mobile Health Perceptions
Authors: Sohn Albert , Turner Anne M. , Speier William , Fonarow Gregg C. , Ong Michael K. , Arnold Corey W.
Published: February 2024

Background Heart failure is a complex clinical syndrome noted on approximately one in eight death certificates in the United States. Vital to reducing complications of heart failure and preventing hospital readmissions is adherence to heart failure self-care routines. Mobile health offers promising opportunities for enhancing self-care behaviors by facilitating tracking and timely reminders.

Objectives We sought to investigate three characteristics of heart failure patients with respect to their heart failure self-care behaviors: (1) internet use to search for heart failure information; (2) familiarity with mobile health apps and devices; and (3) perceptions of using activity trackers or smartwatches to aid in their heart failure self-care.

Methods Forty-nine heart failure patients were asked about their internet and mobile health usage. The structured interview included questions adapted from the Health Information National Trends Survey.

Results Over 50% of the patients had utilized the internet to search for heart failure information in the past 12 months, experience using health-related apps, and thoughts that an activity tracker or smartwatch could help them manage heart failure. Qualitative analysis of the interviews revealed six themes: trust in their physicians, alternatives to mobile health apps, lack of need for mobile health devices, financial barriers to activity tracker and smartwatch ownership, benefits of tracking and reminders, and uncertainty of their potential due to lack of knowledge.

Conclusion Trust in their physicians was a major factor for heart failure patients who reported not searching for health information on the internet. While those who used mobile health technologies found them useful, patients who did not use them were generally unaware of or unknowledgeable about them. Considering patients' preferences for recommendations from their physicians and tendency to search for heart failure information including treatment and management options, patient–provider discussions about mobile health may improve patient knowledge and impact their usage.
The transformation of images of Nezha and the changing cultural discourses in Chinese national style animated films from 1979 to 2019
Authors: Li Zhuying
Published: February 2024

Nezha is a mythological and dynamic character in the Chinese cultural discourse. In traditional China, the mythological character of Nezha represents a cultural integration between Daoism and Buddhism. By applying the Chinese animated films as an approach, this article focuses on exploring the changing cultural discourses of the Chinese national style in post-Maoist cinema through critical analysis of the character of Nezha and the deployment of Daoist philosophy in the construction of Chinese national style from the post-Cultural Revolution context to the post-Socialist context. This article examines two Chinese national-style animated films. The first film is Nezha Naohai (1979) which was produced in 1979, and another animated film is Nezha Zhi Motong Jiangshi (2019) which was produced in contemporary China. Through the film and cultural analysis of Nezha Naohai (1979), this article argues that the Daoist philosophy engages in the cultural discourse of Chinese national style and shapes the narrative, rhetoric, aesthetics and characterisation of Nezha in the post-Cultural Revolution context. The contemporary film Nezha Zhi Montong Jiangshi (2019) reflects an ideological change in the discourse of Chinese soft power states the power of Chinese culture including Daoist philosophy within a modern and scientific paradigm, which promotes a more international Chinese national identity and national style.
Integrating uncertainty into deep learning models for enhanced prediction of nanocomposite materials’ mechanical properties
Authors: Wang Yuheng , Lin Guang , Yang Shengfeng
Published: February 2024

In this paper, we present a novel deep-learning framework that incorporates quantified uncertainty for predicting the mechanical properties of nanocomposite materials, specifically taking into account their morphology and composition. Due to the intricate microstructures of nanocomposites and their dynamic changes under diverse conditions, traditional methods, such as molecular dynamics simulations, often impose significant computational burdens. Our machine learning models, trained on comprehensive material datasets, provide a lower computational cost alternative, facilitating rapid exploration of design spaces and more reliable predictions. We employ both convolutional neural networks and feedforward neural networks for our predictions, training separate models for yield strength and ultimate tensile strength. Furthermore, we integrate uncertainty quantification into our models, thereby providing confidence intervals for our predictions and making them more reliable. This study paves the way for advancements in predicting the properties of nanocomposite materials and could potentially be expanded to cover a broad spectrum of materials in the future.
Human population density and blue carbon stocks in mangroves soils
Authors: Chien Shih-Chieh , Knoble Charles , Krumins Jennifer Adams
Published: February 2024

Mangrove soils provide many important ecosystem services such as carbon sequestration, yet they are vulnerable to the negative impacts brought on by anthropogenic activities. Research in recent decades has shown a progressive loss of blue carbon in mangrove forests as they are converted to aquaculture, agriculture, and urban development. We seek to study the relationship between human population density and soil carbon stocks in urban mangrove forests to quantify their role in the global carbon budget. To this end, we conducted a global analysis, collecting mangrove soil carbon data from previous studies and calculating population density for each study location utilizing a recent database from the European Commission. Results indicate population density has a negative association with mangrove soil carbon stocks. When human population density reaches 300 people km−2, which is defined as ‘urban domains’ in the European Commission database, mangrove soil carbon is estimated to be lower than isolated mangrove forests by 37%. Nonetheless, after accounting for climatic factors in the model, we see the negative relationship between population density and soil carbon is reduced and is even non-significant in mixed effects models. This suggests population density is not a good measure for the direct effects of humans on mangrove ecosystems and further implies mangrove ecosystems in close proximity to very high population density can still possess valuable carbon stocks. Our work provides a better understanding of how soil carbon stocks in existing mangrove forests correlate with different levels of population density, underscores the importance of protecting existing mangroves and especially those in areas with high human population density, and calls for further studies on the association between human activities and mangrove forest carbon stocks.
Analysis of the boundary conditions for the ultraweak-local discontinuous Galerkin method of time-dependent linear fourth-order problems
Authors: Fu Fengyu , Shu Chi-Wang , Tao Qi , Wu Boying
Published: February 2024

In this paper, we study the ultraweak-local discontinuous Galerkin (UWLDG) method for time-dependent linear fourth-order problems with four types of boundary conditions. In one dimension and two dimensions, stability and optimal error estimates of order

k
+
1

k+1

are derived for the UWLDG scheme with polynomials of degree at most

k
k

(

k
≥
1

k\ge 1

) for solving initial-boundary value problems. The main difficulties are the design of suitable penalty terms at the boundary for numerical fluxes and the construction of projections. More precisely, in two dimensions with the Dirichlet boundary condition, an elaborate projection of the exact boundary condition is proposed as the boundary flux, which, in combination with some proper penalty terms, leads to the stability and optimal error estimates. For other three types of boundary conditions, optimal error estimates can also be proved for fluxes without any penalty terms when special projections are designed to match different boundary conditions. Numerical experiments are presented to confirm the sharpness of theoretical results.
A new div-div-conforming symmetric tensor finite element space with applications to the biharmonic equation
Authors: Chen Long , Huang Xuehai
Published: February 2024

A new

H
(
div
⁡
div
)

H(\operatorname {div}\operatorname {div})

-conforming finite element is presented, which avoids the need for supersmoothness by redistributing the degrees of freedom to edges and faces. This leads to a hybridizable mixed method with superconvergence for the biharmonic equation. Moreover, new finite element divdiv complexes are established. Finally, new weak Galerkin and

C
0

C^0

discontinuous Galerkin methods for the biharmonic equation are derived.
Introduction
Authors: Pavlopoulos Niko
Published: February 2024

Chapter 1 introduces the book. By reference to historical and modern examples, it demonstrates that questions concerning the identity of the governments of states have not been infrequent, that they arise in a range of contexts, and that they are of considerable significance to the smooth functioning of international law and to friendly interstate relations. By consideration also of the literature over the years, it indicates the apparent absence of a convincing and comprehensive account of the international legal regulation of the identity of the governments of states. The chapter then outlines the scope of the book before providing certain key terminological clarifications, including on the meaning of ‘the government’ of a state and the use of terms relating to the constitution and representation of a state. Finally, the chapter provides an overview of the main findings of the book.
The Concept of ‘the Government’ of a State in International Law
Authors: Pavlopoulos Niko
Published: February 2024

Chapter 2 analyses the foundational conceptual aspects of the governments of states in international law. In this regard, it notes the existence and characteristics of certain organ-statuses which are invariably occupied by persons belonging to the government. It examines also the distinctive function of a state’s government in representing the state internationally, having regard to different rules and possible variations in this regard. Further, the chapter highlights certain foundational presumptive sovereign freedoms of states concerning the identity of their respective governments, including the freedom of each state to choose its government, and the possible value that these may have in relation to other aspects of the international legal regulation of governmental status. Finally, the chapter considers certain indications in favour of the objectivity of governmental status as a matter of international law.
A longitudinal mixed-methods study of pathology explanation clinics in patients with newly diagnosed localized prostate cancer
Authors: Bergholtz Sarah E , Kurnot Sophia R , Elahi Esha , DeJonckheere Melissa , Hawley Sarah T , Owens Scott R , Salami Simpa , Morgan Todd M , Lapedis Cathryn J
Published: February 2024

Objectives

To characterize the role of pathology explanation clinics (PECs) in prostate cancer care and determine their impact on patients, urologic oncologists, and quality of care.

Methods

Semistructured interviews with 10 patients with newly diagnosed prostate cancer were conducted before and after a PEC pilot and at the 1- and 6-month follow-up visits. Information about participants’ cancer knowledge and anxiety were collected quantitatively. Documented pathologist communications and proper review of outside biopsy slides were collected. Semistructured interviews were also completed with participating urologic oncologists following the pilot.

Results

Pathology explanation clinics improved participants’ understanding of their diagnosis, cognitively and emotionally supporting them first in their urologic oncology visit and later in making an informed treatment decision. Mean knowledge scores were high, and a minority of participants had prostate cancer anxiety. Urologic oncologists noted improved understanding and reduced anxiety among participants, enabling nuanced conversations about prognosis and management during the visit. By ensuring review of outside biopsy slides and communication of clinically significant or unexpected diagnoses, PECs supported high-quality care and patient safety.

Conclusions

In this small pilot, PECs positively affected patients with prostate cancer, their clinicians, and the overall care system. Additional studies in larger populations and diverse settings will be useful.