bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tyranny in America, or On David Walker
Authors: Duquette Elizabeth
Published: September 2023

David Walker’s An Appeal to the Coloured Citizens of the World is an impassioned argument against enslavement, but it is also a powerful contribution in the antityranny tradition. This chapter locates Walker’s pamphlet in that long tradition, outlining the argument Walker makes against enslavement as an example of tyranny and showing its connections to important antecedent works from classical antiquity and the colonial United States. At the same time, it establishes crucial differences in the ways tyranny and enslavement are invoked, both as rhetorical flags for elite disenfranchisement and for the actual domination of persons, a correlation that is constitutive of much antityranny writing and thought. Walker dismisses this conflation, insisting on the importance of recognizing that there are multiple forms of unfreedom.
The Bedazzler
Authors: Duquette Elizabeth
Published: September 2023

What did it mean for people to want to be “a Napoleon”? Many did—and the desire caused consternation around the Atlantic world. This chapter associates that question with two key nineteenth-century questions: the status of genius and the proper role of great men. How should the moral authority and social utility of “heroes” be understood or assessed? Napoleon Bonaparte—the little corporal and also the emperor—is a motivating cause for the debates that develop around these issues, both in terms of representation (the difference between forms of exemplifying narratives), content (what it means to be great), and application (how we measure their utility). The problems Napoleon embodies are not dependent on his instantiation of them, but across the nineteenth century he became their vehicle, usurping minds as he had usurped power in France. Moving through a variety of case studies—Channing, Poe, Emerson, Abbott, and Brown—the chapter charts the various US responses to these questions, particularly as they circled around Napoleon, the most famous man of the century.
Séjour’s Spectacles
Authors: Duquette Elizabeth
Published: September 2023

Victor Séjour was an important Black American dramatist who lived in Paris and wrote in French, both factors that contribute to his comparative neglect by US literary scholars. Séjour wrote many plays, and their recurrent theme is the problem of tyranny. This chapter focuses on two works, Richard III and Les Volontaires de 1812, demonstrating how they develop his argument that monarchy, as represented by the Napoleons, is tyranny’s most effective antidote. Crucial context for understanding Séjour’s dramatic priorities is established through the history of the melodrama and the French dramatic tradition, as well as reference to his early years in New Orleans. Across his dramatic works, Séjour explores how to curb tyranny’s perversions, proposing that dominated persons can prevail only when they unite around communal, rather than individual, interests.
Ecoörganology
Authors: Allen Aaron S.
Published: September 2023

Ecoörganology builds on a recent trend in critical and new organologies to expand from a limited anthropocentric study of musical instruments in cultures to a more ecocentric focus on such instruments and cultures as inherently connected with broader Earth systems. The author proposes two potential frameworks for ecoörganology: one derived from quantitative scientific approaches (social life cycle analysis), another more humanistic in its conception (sustainability). While distinct, both emphasize the importance of nonhuman resources and are broadly ecological in scope, all the while connecting to social and aesthetic matters. To illustrate the two frameworks, the chapter considers the example of portable music players (PMPs). Rather than provide a detailed case study on PMPs and environmental issues, the chapter’s primary goals are to argue for ecoörganology and to illustrate it with two potential frameworks. The developing trend of ecoörganology represents a scholarly move from primarily anthropocentric approaches toward more ecocentric ones. Ecoörganology is a critical organology: in considering the material basis of human musical cultures, it is literally crucial (as well as analytical). If we ignore the planetary systems that sustain us, we make incomplete and incorrect analyses regarding music cultures and humans.
Relational Capacities, Musical Ecologies
Authors: Von Glahn Denise
Published: September 2023

Referencing works by anthropologists Thomas F. Thornton and Julie Cruikshank, and especially Cruikshank’s scholarship on the Tlingit people’s relationships to glaciers, this essay considers the significance of epistemological connections that inhere between the Tlingit people and the geography of their homelands and the ways those understandings can illuminate modern compositions about our environment. The relational capacity of individual sonic elements in a piece of music—pitches, rhythms, and timbres—invites listeners to understand music metaphorically in ecological terms. Auditors experience both the instant expression of an individual sound, its immediate interactions with others as they occur, and, over time, the entire sound environment that accumulates. Sound comes to listeners whole despite its composition of discrete, partitionable parts and listeners’ varying abilities to distinguish and identify them. Listeners make sense of sounds in relation to each other—sounds to sounds, and sounds to listeners. This complex, multivalent relationship operates in Ice Becomes Water, Judith Shatin’s 2017 piece for string orchestra, electronics, and recorded sounds of glaciers that comments upon the accelerated rate of melting polar ice and the environmental changes it registers. Shatin’s work is simultaneously a musicalized ecological system, a lament for unthinking human behaviors, and a call to act.
Recomposing the Sound Commons
Authors: Pedelty Mark
Published: September 2023

A network of environmental scientists, community organizers, and artists advocated for, and achieved, new policies to protect Southern Resident Killer Whales (SRKW) from the disruptive noise of motors. They did so despite the opposition of a financially and culturally dominant whale-watching industry. That hopeful story is documented here in this case study of musical organizing. Jeff Todd Titon’s “sound commons” (2012) concept provides a theoretical framework for understanding the case, one that provides insights into how we might realize Titon’s goal of extending “sound equity … to all creatures.” The author makes an argument for adopting ecological orientations to soundscape (re)composition; in other words, relational, systemic, and holistic understandings of environmental phenomena, environmental challenges, and policy. In the Anthropocene we must therefore include music, media, and communication in our ecological modeling, rather than treat them as ephemera or merely translative tools. By foregrounding a fictional story in Silent Spring (1962), biologist Rachel Carson made a compelling argument for the ecological role of creative expression, a model that musicians, musical organizers, and applied music scholars would do well to emulate.
Pulling Teeth
Authors: Schonfeld Zach
Published: September 2023

This chapter covers Nicolas Cage’s masochistic commitment to Method acting techniques as he starred in two separate films in 1984, Racing with the Moon and Birdy, both of which are war-related period pieces. Interviews with sources such as Racing with the Moon director Richard Benjamin and Birdy star Matthew Modine elucidate Cage’s commitment to remaining in character at all times. Cage sought to emulate prominent Method actors such as Robert De Niro and Marlon Brando. While making Racing with the Moon, Cage bonded with Sean Penn and deliberately cut himself with a knife for the sake of a scene; while making Birdy, he was so determined to remain in character as a wounded Vietnam vet that he wore bandages on his face for twenty-four hours a day. Neither of these films was commercially successful, but both helped establish Cage’s range as a dramatic actor.
The Sunshine Trilogy
Authors: Schonfeld Zach
Published: September 2023

Drawing on new interviews with filmmaker Andrew Bergman and actress Bridget Fonda, among others, this chapter examines Nicolas Cage’s flirtations with mainstream comedy in the early nineties, when Cage sought to rebrand himself as a Tom Hanks–like “everyman” actor. In particular, the chapter focuses on three midbudget comedies—Honeymoon in Vegas (1992), Guarding Tess (1994), and It Could Happen to You (1994)—which Cage has sometimes referred to as his “Sunshine Trilogy,” emphasizing their light and upbeat mood in contrast with his usual work. The author argues that in these films (as well as the neo-noir Red Rock West), Cage tried—with limited success—to portray normal, mild-mannered characters adrift in a world of absurdity and chaos. Critics took note of Cage’s shift toward mainstream roles and claimed that Cage “has calmed down.” While this proclamation would prove premature, these moderately successful (if largely neglected) films give a surprising sense of Cage’s range and his career-long restlessness; as an actor, he frequently vacillates between mainstream appeal and abrasive experimentalism.
The Unified Protocol for Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders and Physical Health Comorbidity
Authors: Farchione Todd J. , Spencer-Laitt Daniella M. , Sauer-Zavala Shannon , Barlow David H.
Published: September 2023

This chapter introduces the Unified Protocol (UP) concerned with the Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders. Commonalities between emotional disorders are expressed in high rates of comorbidity, similar rates of treatment response, and shared neurobiological vulnerabilities. The chapter elaborates on how neuroticism significantly contributes to the co-occurrence of mental disorders. Thus, the purpose of UP revolves around helping patients understand and recognize their emotions and respond to them in more effective ways through its eight modules that span approximately 16 sessions. A transdiagnostic, emotion-focused approach is a suitable treatment for targeting the underlying mechanisms driving co-occurring conditions that involve emotional dysregulation.
A Unified, Transdiagnostic Approach to Pain Management
Authors: Eilenberg Jenna Sandler , Otis John D.
Published: September 2023

Chronic pain is influenced by the interaction of biological and psychological processes. In addition, emotional disorders are highly prevalent in chronic pain patients and are thought to share common neurobiological pathways with pain. The Unified Protocol for the Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders (UP) may have the potential to address these shared vulnerabilities and produce long-lasting change. This chapter outlines the evidence for adapting the UP to treat patients with chronic pain and comorbid emotional disorders. Although no studies to date have empirically tested the use of the UP for chronic pain, accumulating research evidence provides support for the UP’s individual treatment components. The chapter also describe a case study demonstrating how to deliver the UP with a chronic pain patient. Limitations of the UP for chronic pain and recommended adaptations are described.
The Chinese State-Driven Regulatory Model
Authors: Bradford Anu
Published: September 2023

Chapter 2 examines the Chinese state-driven regulatory model. It shows how the Chinese government leverages technology to fuel the country’s economic growth and development. In the name of social stability, the government also uses technology as a tool for political control, surveillance, and propaganda, entrenching digital authoritarianism deeply into the Chinese society. These two factors—economic development and social stability—are central to the survival of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). The chapter engages with criticism of the Chinese regulatory approach, detailing how the state-driven model infringes individual rights and deprives Chinese citizens of key civil liberties. At the same time, it acknowledges that technological breakthroughs can also emerge under a state-driven regulatory model, suggesting that freedom may not be necessary for a dynamic culture of innovation. However, the future of the Chinese tech industry is uncertain. As with the US, the Chinese regulatory model is undergoing a drastic shift as the Chinese government is abandoning its traditionally lax approach toward tech regulation, and forcefully leveraging its powers to crack down on the tech industry in the name of common prosperity while facing little resistance from the industry. This unfolding change further reinforces the core tenet of the state-driven regulatory model by ensuring that the Chinese government, not tech companies, reigns supreme over the digital economy in China.
The Waning Global Influence of American Techno-Libertarianism
Authors: Bradford Anu
Published: September 2023

Chapter 7 examines how the US has exported its market-driven ideals primarily through the penetrating influence of its leading tech companies, which have shaped digital economies across the world through their business practices. Private tech companies have thus been key in not just defending the American market-driven ideals at home, but also in universalizing them through the often unmitigated influence they exercise over the digital lives of internet users abroad. The US government has further paved the way for its companies’ global influence by actively promoting its internet freedom agenda as a key element of its foreign policy, urging governments around the world to commit to the economic and political freedoms that underlie the US regulatory model. However, the US model is now becoming a victim of its early success. The outsized influence of the US tech companies and their harmful practices are creating a backlash across jurisdictions. This growing resentment is further contributing to the decline of the US regulatory model and, with that, the dwindling of the influence of the values associated with the most powerful digital empire.
Introduction
Authors: Li Chenyang
Published: September 2023

This introductory chapter introduces the multifaceted approach of this book to constructing progressive Confucianism. First, it takes Confucianism as a living and evolving tradition that is rooted not only in Kongzi (Confucius) and Mengzi (Mencius) but also a large corpus of works in its long history. Second, the book aims to engage in both philosophical reconstruction and historical reconstruction in methodology, for different purposes. Historical reconstruction enables us to see what have been said by ancient thinkers; philosophical reconstruction opens new grounds for progressive Confucianism. Third, the book adopts a principle of progressive humanity and attempts to bring ancient thinkers into modern conversations on philosophical questions important to us in the twenty-first century. Fourth and finally, it takes a comparative approach and advance Confucian philosophy in the context of world philosophy.
Differentiated Gender Equilibrium
Authors: Li Chenyang
Published: September 2023

The traditional Confucian conception of spousal relationship includes three components. First, there should be differentiation between husband and wife. Second, the appropriate kind of differentiation is for the husband to manage the external affairs of the family and for the wife to handle the internal affairs. Third, the husband is to take the leading role in the family. Progressive Confucians can preserve the idea of differentiation and complementarity for the sake of family harmony, while rejecting the outdated division of labor along the internal–external lines and the idea that the husband is superior to wife. Today, the division of labor between husband and wife must adequately express our new values and properly reflect new social realities. When appropriately reconstructed, Confucian yin-yang philosophy provides a good conceptual tool for family harmony on the basis of differentiation, without the traditional stereotyped view that disadvantages women. Equality between the sexes can be achieved without giving up on gender differences and without jeopardizing family harmony.
Friendship
Authors: Li Chenyang
Published: September 2023

This chapter presents the Confucian philosophy of friendship and puts it in dialogue with contemporary Western philosophy. The Confucian conception of friendship has two important features. First, friendship is virtue-based and virtues are particularized in persons. Second, friends are regarded as family. On the particularized virtue account, even though virtues are general traits, when they are instantiated in individual persons, they are particularized. Possessing virtues does not make friends lose individuality. On the family account, friendship as a general category is analogous to family relationships, even though each individual friend, like each individual family member, can still be special in his or her own way. Jointly, the Confucian conception of particularized virtues and friends as family provides an adequate ground against friendship fungibility.
Kingliness without Kings
Authors: Li Chenyang
Published: September 2023

This chapter reflects on the history of the Confucian political ideal of “outer kingliness” in practice, analyzes its fatal flaws in the traditional approach, and then draws on various Confucian ideas to make a case for pursuing democratic activism as an effective means to achieve Confucian sociopolitical ideals in contemporary society. Accordingly, in a democratic era, progressive Confucians must discard the ideal of “sagely politics” and its accompanying ideas; “outer kingliness” must be realized by active participation in democratic political processes. Thus, the political goal for progressive Confucianism today should be “kingliness without kings,” or “politics without (depending on) political leaders.”
Collaborations
Authors: Gleason Christopher M.
Published: September 2023

Chapter 3 argues that the sexual revolution did not die in the 1980s, but instead rudimentary versions of polyamory emerged in reaction to the conservative shift in American culture that coincided with the Reagan administration. It traces the independent efforts of two women: Ryam Nearing in Oregon and Deborah Anapol in the Bay Area. It argues that both women created small organizations that united networks of ethical non-monogamists on the West Coast throughout the 1980s. Nearing relied on the Keristan notion of polyfidelity, believing that lifelong group marriages provided the benefits of monogamy and promiscuity with the pitfalls of neither. Anapol also appealed to commitment and religion, basing her sexual ethics in New Age spirituality. In the late 1980s, the two began working together. The chapter closes by reintroducing the Zells as they emerged to take part in the new coalition of polyamorists.
Queens of Noise
Authors: Dickin Jacqueline
Published: September 2023

This essay examines two memoirs published by fellow members of the 1970s all-female teenage American rock band the Runaways, lead singer Cherie Currie’s 2010 memoir Neon Angel: A Memoir of a Runaway and guitarist “Queen of Heavy Metal” Lita Ford’s 2015 memoir Living Like a Runaway. Read comparatively, this chapter demonstrate how these memoirs rewrite the masculine “sex, drugs and rock ’n’ roll” tradition, not as rock star glamour, but as survival. Currie is represented as a victim, while Ford appears in control of her choices, which suggests the “rock chick” identity enables survival by being both oppressive and empowering. As Currie and Ford explore their working-class origins, their literal and figurative life as “runaways,” and their post-fame breakdowns, they disrupt the rock star fantasy and write themselves into its history by using memoir to reassert control over their identities.
Humanizing Icon
Authors: Naito Satoko
Published: September 2023

The singer, model, and actor Grace Beverly Jones (b. 1948) has been celebrated throughout her decades-long career for her dynamic performances. But it is her still images, overwhelmingly inflected by white male artists like designer Jean-Paul Goude, which have remained most widely recognizable. This chapter examines Jones’s 2015 autobiography I’ll Never Write My Memoirs to discern the ways in which it resists the persistent notion that the iconic Grace Jones is the creation of others. Countering the narrative as outlined in Goude’s own early autobiography Jungle Fever (1981), Jones reveals the collaborative ontology of her image and celebrity while maintaining crucial ownership of her identity. Jones repeats a simple yet significant demand to be recognized as human, a recognition she extends to others in an effective discursive strategy that promotes a shared humanity.
The Isolated Presidency
Authors: Cash Jordan T.
Published: September 2023

How powerful is the President of the United States? It is a question that students, scholars, and statesmen of American politics have grappled with since before the Constitution was even ratified. For many scholars, it is a question that can only be answered by considering factors outside the office itself, such as the president’s popularity, political talents, or institutional relationships. In The Isolated Presidency, Jordan T. Cash challenges this prevailing view and recenters the debate over presidential power on the document that serves as the foundation for every presidency: the Constitution itself. To gain a clear view of how the Constitution creates a baseline of authority that is available to all presidents, Cash examines the “isolated presidents”: presidents who were unelected, faced divided government, and were opposed by major factions of their own political parties. Stripped of all external supports, these presidents were left with nothing but their constitutional authority to rely on. Yet despite their disadvantageous circumstances, these presidents were able to achieve major policy successes solely through the use of their constitutional powers. Through the examples of the isolated presidents, Cash illustrates how the Constitution creates an empowering logic within the presidency that orients presidential behavior and grants every president significant power and agency. Moreover, as American politics remains polarized and divided, the isolated presidents provide lessons and examples of what constitutionally derived actions a president can take when confronted with the recurring issues of divided government and political gridlock.
The Constitutional Logic of the Presidency
Authors: Cash Jordan T.
Published: September 2023

This chapter lays out the presidency’s constitutional logic. Beginning with a discussion of how the regime created by the Constitution requires a strong executive, it then moves to note the different attributes that emerge from the presidency’s structure: energy, responsibility, secrecy, continuity, a national perspective, and a longer temporal horizon. The rest of the chapter uses the framework of five presidential roles—chief executive, chief legislator, chief diplomat, commander in chief, and chief constitutionalist—to describe how these attributes fit with the presidency’s constitutional duties and powers, providing the means to achieve the functional ends set by the Constitution. The chapter also points out how this logic interacts with the other branches as well as those areas where the logic may have tensions or be ambiguous.
Andrew Johnson: The Impeached President
Authors: Cash Jordan T.
Published: September 2023

Andrew Johnson served as president from 1865 to 1869, following the assassination of Abraham Lincoln, and he faced perhaps the worst institutional situation of any president. A Southern Democrat who had alienated himself from the Democrats in both the North and South by running with Lincoln in 1864, Johnson came to office facing an administration and Congress dominated by Northern Republicans. As a result, Johnson was in a constant fight with Congress, having over half of his vetoes overridden and becoming the first president to be impeached. Despite this, Johnson was able to utilize his presidential authority quite effectively. Before delving into Johnson’s administration, this chapter evaluates Lincoln’s presidency and relations with Congress and the parties as well as Johnson’s stated views on executive power prior to taking over as president. From there, it assesses Johnson’s presidency, beginning with his actions during Reconstruction and then moving to foreign policy before ending with a general overview of his administration.
Introduction
Authors: Thomason Krista K.
Published: September 2023

This chapter introduces the main metaphor for the book: the worms in the garden. The garden is a metaphor for your life. In the typical version of the metaphor, your bad feelings are the weeds. They need to be pulled up before they choke out the nice plants. In the revised version of the metaphor, bad feelings are the worms. They’re just below the surface, and if you dig around even a little bit, you’ll see them. Many of us would rather just admire the flowers and forget the worms are there, but the worms are as much a part of the garden as the flowers and their presence means the garden is thriving. This chapter introduces the methodology for the book. It looks to the history of philosophy to see what philosophers have argued about emotions and then uses those insights to think about how to live well with our bad feelings.
Contempt
Authors: Thomason Krista K.
Published: September 2023

Contempt is expressed in many ways: the sneer, the upturned nose, the scoff, and the silent stare. While some philosophers argue that it’s incompatible with the respect owed to our fellow humans, others argue that some people deserve contempt. We feel contempt when we’re trying to gauge how we’re doing in building a self. Contempt involves a self-assuredness that gives us self-confidence. Sometimes we feel contempt when someone has disrespected us too many times. While contempt may be valuable in private life, that doesn’t mean it’s valuable in public life. Drawing on Jane Addams and W.E.B. Du Bois, this chapter argues that contempt can interfere with our commitment to a democratic way of life.
Conclusion
Authors: Thomason Krista K.
Published: September 2023

If we are going to learn to love our negative emotions and not merely tolerate them, we need a new way of thinking about the role they play in our lives. Rather than thinking we should get rid of negative emotions or train them to be better, we should simply accept that there is a part of ourselves we don’t control. Drawing on the work of Henry David Thoreau, this chapter argues that we need to better understand and accept our inner wilderness. Being fully immersed and invested in your life requires giving up the need for emotional purity.
Together and Apart
Authors: Starr S. Frederick
Published: September 2023

This chapter tackles the lives of Ibn Sina and Biruni in the ancient Central Asian region of Khwarazm. While Khwarazm was one of Eurasia's most heavily traveled trade routes, the region developed its own language, religion, arts, and sciences. The chapter highlights how Gurganj thrived and became a global beacon of intellectual excellence in Central Asia. Ali Ibn Mamun, shah of Khwarazm, had personally recruited Biruni to join his stable of intellectuals. Additionally, both thinkers' time in Gurganj proved to be immensely useful, but Biruni and Sina barely brought up each other even though they worked together in official events.
Arguing Aristotle
Authors: Starr S. Frederick
Published: September 2023

This chapter discusses the inevitable communication between Biruni and Ibn Sina. It cites their argument surrounding On the Heavens, which is Aristotle's most significant astronomical work. Biruni questioned why Aristotle denied the existence of gravity, while Ibn Sina used syllogism for his counterargument. Additionally, Sina belittled Birumi for challenging the authority of Aristotle, who was known to be the First Teacher. The chapter then elaborates on the divide between Ibn Sina and Biruni, who both think that their intellectual conflict can never be resolved. It also cites that neither of them attempted to find a common ground with the other.
Ibn Sina’s Encore
Authors: Starr S. Frederick
Published: September 2023

This chapter discusses the final years of Ibn Sina's life. During his stay in Isfahan, Ibn Sina completed the last three volumes of The Canon of Medicine and the final sections of The Cure. Then, he focused on writing works that revolved around metaphysics to elaborate on human consciousness and God. Ibn Sina also indulges in drinking and carousing during his stay in Hamadan. The chapter considers Ibn Sina's personality, solitary and sustained feuds, and grudges. It explores the considerations of whether Ibn Sina had been murdered or not by a slave, who was suspected of adding opium to his concoctions.
No Mercy
Authors: Messac Luke
Published: September 2023

During the 1980s and 1990s, a slowdown in federal and state support for the care of the poor and decreasing reimbursements for the privately insured led to an increase in uncompensated care costs for American hospitals. To recoup some of their debts, hospitals and doctors’ offices began to provide less charity-care, turned more patients away at their doors (particularly Black patients and pregnant women), and relied increasingly on collections agencies. Initially, hospitals were wary of sending bills to collections, in part for fear of bad press, but soon the practice became common throughout the country. Medical debt was fast becoming a significant portion of the work of debt collectors, whose phone calls and letters and visits became a recurring feature of the lives of poor patients. By the mid-2000s, hospitals were no longer just assigning debt to collection agencies but selling it outright to private debt buyers.
The Resurgence of Facilitated Communication
Authors: Lutz Amy S. F.
Published: September 2023

Initially brought to the United States from Australia in 1989, by the mid-1990s controlled studies consistently proved that the messages produced by facilitated communication (FC) were directed by the facilitators, not the users, through the same kind of unconscious movements responsible for Ouija boards, water dowsing, table turning, and other ideomotor effects. Despite the fact that every relevant professional organization has rejected FC—including the American Academy of Pediatrics, the American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association, and the American Psychological Association—new iterations, like the Rapid Prompting Method (RPM) and Spell to Communicate (S2C), are now surging in popularity, driven both by providers making big promises and by parents so desperate to access their children’s intact minds that they are willing to risk turning them into puppets.
Conclusion
Authors: Lutz Amy S. F.
Published: September 2023

Today the mantra in disability service provision has become “presume competence.” Although many advocates are unaware of its provenance, this directive originates from the facilitated communication literature and is really just another way of asserting the intact mind. But respecting the personhood of those with significant intellectual and developmental disabilities, maximizing their opportunities, and providing necessary and desired supports requires honest conversations about impairment, not pretending it away. The author closes by turning to care ethics—a framework originated by feminist thinkers like Carol Gilligan and Joan Tronto and most popularly applied to disability discourse by Eva Feder Kittay—as a way of de-throning the intact mind and centering instead nested dependencies and the infrastructure needed to support all people.
Essential Aloneness
Authors: Bollas Christopher
Published: September 2023

Essential Aloneness: Rome Lectures on DW Winnicott offers a series of DW Winnicott lectures delivered by Christopher Bollas in the 1980s to the Institute of Child Neuropsychiatry at the University of Rome. It primarily focuses on Winnicottian psychoanalytic theory and practice. Each chapter contains unique and distinct discussions as delivered with the aliveness that is a hallmark of in-person lectures. Essential Aloneness also considers how to use Winnicott’s concepts in clinical spaces. Moreover, Bollas brings a unique outlook to the challenges Winnicott’s thinking posed to the psychoanalytical, literary, and intellectual culture in the United Kingdom and overseas ten years after the passing of Winnicott.
Communicating/Not Communicating
Authors: Bollas Christopher
Published: September 2023

This chapter highlights the importance of communication. It starts with the concept of original aloneness, which is a primary feeling people carry with them throughout their life. Donald Winnicott indicates that the inherent aloneness can be interfered with by anxiety and by psychopathological states, but it is generally a peaceful part of the personality. Moreover, Winnicott found that the non-communicating self reflects a personal core that is a true isolate. The chapter then explains Winnicott’s approach to providing conditions that enable the person to experience their inner sense of personal reality, while also highlighting how communication can be silent and significant.
Questions
Authors: Bollas Christopher
Published: September 2023

This chapter looks into frequently asked questions and concerns regarding Donald Winnicott’s works and the development of infants. From Winnicott’s point of view, there is a state of double dependency during aloneness wherein the foetus is dependent upon the intrauterine state, and the mother is also dependent upon the foetus. Aloneness primarily refers to the state of being that exists soon after the emergence from inorganic to organic life. The chapter also considers how dreams and fantasy affect a person’s true self. It elaborates on the concept of celebrating the maturational process and the analysis of repetition in a child’s play.
Hope and Activism
Authors: Leshem Oded Adomi , Talmor Shanny , Halperin Eran
Published: September 2023

This chapter explores hope in the field of peace activism, aiming to understand hope from the perspective of peace activists working on the frontline of peacebuilding. The thematic analysis of the twenty interviews conducted among Israeli and Palestinian activists illustrates how hope is used and interpreted by activists and how it shapes (and is shaped by) their grassroots work. Utilizing the bidimensional model of hope, the chapter reveals that peace activism may be driven more by activists’ wishes for peace rather than their belief in its feasibility. The findings further expose the palliative aspects of hope and the reciprocal relations between hope and grassroots activism. Hope drives activists’ commitment to action while their actions feed back and replenish their hopes. Integrating the findings, the authors raise a provocative thought. Perhaps, hope, not necessarily political transformation, is the end target of activism. Applications for bottom-up peacebuilding are then discussed.
Introduction
Authors: Fulbrook Mary
Published: September 2023

This introductory chapter introduces the concept of a ‘bystander society’. It addresses the distinctive situation of bystanding within a wider context of state-sponsored collective violence, as was the case in Nazi Germany. Certain types of social relations and political conditions produce a greater likelihood of widespread passivity in face of violence. A ‘bystander society’ developed in Nazi Germany, such that fewer people were likely to stand up on behalf of victims, but rather remained passive or even became complicit in stigmatizing and ousting individuals from the newly redefined ‘national community’. The chapter raises the question of whether the passivity of bystanders helps to explain the outcomes of violence.
Falling into Line
Authors: Fulbrook Mary
Published: September 2023

This chapter explores early reactions to the appointment of Adolf Hitler as chancellor of Germany, and the consequent destruction of parliamentary democracy. It contrasts enthusiastic support for Hitler with the more ambivalent responses of many others, while opponents of Nazism were horrified and subjected to brutal repression. The chapter explores how public enthusiasm, private apprehension, and widespread conformity became key characteristics of life in Germany in 1933. Policies of discrimination and intimidation began to affect social relationships in everyday life, as people informally adapted their behaviours towards others.
Changing Horizons
Authors: Fulbrook Mary
Published: September 2023

This chapter discusses a range of perspectives and experiences among both those who were persecuted and their ‘Aryan compatriots’ in the later 1930s. The development of the Holocaust on a broader European scale can be better understood if we also take into account the changing attitudes and activities of ‘Germans abroad’, and consider the relationships between German-speaking communities in other states and within the Third Reich. Moreover, the annexation of Austria in March 1938 was a significant turning point in the expansion of the Nazi empire of violence, with rapid radicalization of Nazi violence in areas beyond the ‘old Reich’.
Shock Waves
Authors: Fulbrook Mary
Published: September 2023

The violence of November 1938 was a turning point for both ‘Aryans’ and Jews in Nazi Germany. Non-Jewish Germans were engaged in moral compromises, and caught between willing complicity, constrained conformity, or frustrated impotence. Kristallnacht, as the violence and mass arrests of Jews in November 1938 became known, had been planned, initiated, and coordinated from above; it was not a spontaneous ‘pogrom’ as portrayed by Goebbels. Following the night of arson attacks on synagogues and violence against Jews as well as their homes and businesses, adult male Jews were incarcerated. Jews were subjected to further restrictions and deprived of their livelihoods; and despite restrictive immigration quotas elsewhere, and horrific bureaucratic and economic hurdles, they were encouraged to emigrate. The chapter explores how the German population was deeply divided: while some enthusiastically joined in with the Nazi violence and plundering of Jewish property, many retreated into resigned passivity. The oddest phenomenon explored here is the combination of personal expressions of sympathy with victims while continuing to perform roles that furthered Nazi policies.
Divided Fates
Authors: Fulbrook Mary
Published: September 2023

Following Kristallnacht, Germans and Austrians of Jewish descent faced agonizing choices, particularly the question of whether to leave their homeland for the uncertainties of an impoverished life in an unknown country. Kristallnacht was also a turning point for Aryans who could no longer plausibly claim ignorance of the radical violence against Jews across the Reich. People of mixed descent or in mixed marriages were never secure, despite partial protection. With the Nazi invasion of Poland in September 1939, terror was unleashed on Polish elites as well as Jewish communities in Poland, with brutalities and murders. Forced ‘resettlement’ and Nazi ‘germanisation’ policies meant ousting former inhabitants (Poles and Jews) from their homes, and bringing in ‘ethnic Germans’ from abroad to resettle large areas, enlarging the sphere of complicity. Within the Reich, being forced to wear a yellow star and denied the possibility of emigration further isolated Jews from September 1941. Yet some ‘Aryans’ nevertheless tried to assist Jews in distress, including those who had been deported.
The Bystander Myth and Responses to Violence
Authors: Fulbrook Mary
Published: September 2023

This chapter clarifies how a ‘bystander society’ was actively developed in Nazi Germany. Memoirs written about lives before and after 1933, and other personal accounts from the time, highlight the significance of everyday social processes in which ‘Aryans’ propelled the ‘racial’ segregation of German society. Initial conformity and growing compliance developed into more active involvement in the machinery of perpetration during the war. Nazi Germany presents a striking example of the rapid racialization of identity, which may persist over time. Personal accounts illuminate moral compromises in difficult circumstances, and help us to evaluate the changing balance of the three key factors of ignorance, impotence, and indifference, both as explanations and as self-representations during and following periods of collective violence. This analysis helps to explain the conditions under which people are more likely to remain passive in face of violence against others, and how they live with it afterwards. Exploring the character of ‘bystander society’ is therefore crucial in understanding the character and legacies of the Holocaust.
Angels Tapping at the Wine-shop's Door
Authors: Matthee Rudi
Published: September 2023

Islam is the only major world religion that resists the juggernaut of alcohol consumption. In many Islamic countries, alcohol is banned; in others, it plays little role in social life. Yet, Muslims throughout history did drink, often to excess—whether sultans and shahs in their palaces, or commoners in taverns run by Jews or Christians. This evocative study delves into drinking’s many historic, literary, and social manifestations in Islam, going beyond references to “hypocrisy” or the temptations of “forbidden fruit.” Rudi Matthee argues that alcohol, through its “absence” as much as its presence, takes us to the heart of Islam. Exploring the long history of this faith—from the eight-century Umayyad dynasty to Erdoğan’s Turkey, and from Islamic Spain to modern Pakistan—he unearths a tradition of diversity and multiplicity in which Muslims drank, and found myriad excuses to do so. They celebrated wine and used it as a poetic metaphor, even viewing alcohol as a gift from God—the key to unlocking eternal truth. Drawing on a plethora of sources in multiple languages, Matthee presents Islam not as an austere and uncompromising faith, but as a set of beliefs and practices that embrace ambivalence, allowing for ambiguity and even contradiction.
The Hijacking of American Flight 119
Authors: Wigger John
Published: September 2023

The Hijacking of Flight 119: How D.B. Cooper Inspired a Skyjacking Craze and the FBI's Battle to Stop It discusses the legend of D.B. Cooper that triggers the most extraordinary eras in American aviation history. In November 1971, Cooper hijacked a Northwest Airlines flight, parachuted from the Boeing 727 with $200,000 in ransom, and was never seen again. The hijacking case remained open for four decades before it was finally determined as a cold case. Over the following seven months of his crime, many air pirates imitated Cooper's crime with varying motivations such as politics, greed, derring-do, and boredom. The Hijacking of Flight 119 also details the impact of Cooper's legend on the public, media, and law enforcement.
Heinrick von George
Authors: Wigger John
Published: September 2023

This chapter describes the frequency of crashes in early flying before the 1970s and that a new threat took their place in the form of hijackers. Hijackers often targeted stewardesses as hostages, and more often than not, stewardesses were the ones who ended up with a gun at their back. The chapter discusses Heinrick von George, who hijacked a Mohawk Airlines turboprop in January 1972. The chapter looks at von George’s life before the hijacking incident, when he held a pistol to stewardess Eileen McAllister’s head for nine hours. Von George was a married man and a father of seven children who had frequently changed jobs in hopes of doing better. However, after a failed business and being forced into bankruptcy, von George lost his confidence, and the family’s finances never fully recovered.
The Money
Authors: Wigger John
Published: September 2023

This chapter recounts American Flight 119’s arrival in St. Louis, where the hijacker allowed all the women and children and men seated on the right side of the plane to leave. One of the stewardesses, Diana Rash, was able to convince the hijacker to release the male passengers with health conditions that required medication, causing every man on the plane to claim they had a bad heart. The hijacker was able to take control of the sudden commotion and let some of the men go, with thirteen remaining. The chapter highlights how the stewardesses tried to keep everyone calm and talked to the hijacker as the plane flew out again. When the hijacker was notified that his money was ready back in St. Louis and the plane was approaching the airport, he positioned three stewardesses in front of his seat as a human shield.
D.B. Cooper
Authors: Wigger John
Published: September 2023

This chapter describes the hijacker who used the name Dan Cooper when he paid for a one-way ticket to Seattle on Northwest Orient Flight 305. Cooper handed Florence Schaffner, one of the three stewardesses on the flight, a note that said he had a bomb and that he wanted Schaffner to sit by him. The chapter outlines Cooper’s demands, which included $200,000 in cash in a knapsack, two back parachutes, two front parachutes, and a fuel truck ready to refuel the plane. The chapter recounts how the plane landed in Seattle and the hijacker released all the passengers and two stewardesses but kept the three pilots and stewardess Tina Mucklow remaining on the plane. After getting what he’d demanded, Cooper ordered the pilot to fly to Mexico, and on the way to the destination, he used a parachute to jump off the plane, and he and the money were never found.
David Hanley
Authors: Wigger John
Published: September 2023

This chapter describes David Hanley, a thirty-year-old inventor who was considered a misfit genius as his ideas for new inventions often straddled the line between creative and goofy. Hanley worked in engineering and design for Emerson Electric and then started his company, Circa 2000, which served largely as a vehicle to market his inventions. The chapter cites a statement from Hanley’s neighbor describing him as smart but also impetuous in a way that seemed immature to some. The chapter details Hanley’s decision to take matters into his own hands when he learned about the hijacking of American Flight 119. In his wife’s Cadillac Eldorado, Hanley rushed to the St. Louis Airport, drove through the gate, and hurtled down the runway toward Flight 119.
Dead or Alive
Authors: Wigger John
Published: September 2023

Everyone thought that the hijacker of American 119 was dead. Based on the briefing received about Richard McCoy’s jump, Leroy Berkebile, who was flying the hijacked Boeing 727 when the hijacker bailed out, and Art Koester, the second American Airlines pilot on the plane, were sure that the combination of their speed at the moment the hijacker jumped (320 miles an hour) and the turbulence from the jet engines that Berkebile had directed downward into his path would have made it impossible for him to survive. On the off chance that the hijacker had survived, police were determined not to let him slip through their grasp. By 4:45 a.m. on June 24, less than two hours after the hijacker bailed out, the entire Peru police force was mobilized and setting up roadblocks on major thruways. In the era before cell phones, FBI cars were equipped with radios. To coordinate the search across the countryside, FBI radio operator Brice Umstead set up a portable station at the old Butler Township School where the FBI had set up its headquarters.
Show Me the Money
Authors: Wigger John
Published: September 2023

This chapter describes how, as the FBI tried to make sense of the new clues, American Airlines contemplated what to do about Lowell Elliott, the farmer. On Wednesday, June 28, American Airlines district sales manager Frank Bodwell arrived to offer $10,000 to Elliot as a gift from the airline. However, the farmer refused to take it. Elliot had become convinced that he should get at least 5 percent, or $25,000, if not 10 percent of the money he found. The airline refrained from criticizing Elliott but also declined to increase its offer. A week after turning down the money, the farmer went into seclusion, refusing to take calls. Later he accepted the $10,000 without fanfare and used it to pay bills.