bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Large range wavelength demodulation for ultra-short fiber Bragg gratings based on an arrayed waveguide grating and a convex optimization algorithm
Authors: Yue Zizheng , Di Zheng , Zou Xihua , Pan Wei , Yan Lianshan
Published: December 2024

A wavelength demodulation method for ultra-short fiber Bragg grating (US-FBG) sensors based on an arrayed waveguide grating (AWG) and a convex optimization algorithm is proposed and demonstrated. Instead of measuring the output power ratio of the two adjacent AWG channels as previously done, in this work the wavelength demodulation is realized by reconstructing the US-FBG spectrum. The principle of spectral reconstruction involves using an AWG to sample the spectral information of US-FBG and constructing underdetermined matrix equations with the obtained prior information on transmission responses and the detected output power from multiple AWG channels. A convex optimization algorithm is then used to solve the underdetermined matrix equation to obtain the reconstructed US-FBG spectrum. Finally, the US-FBG is demodulated by tracking the peak of the reconstructed spectrum. In a proof-of-concept experiment, axial strain is applied to a US-FBG sensor with the bandwidth of 1.14 nm to change its peak wavelength. The experimental findings demonstrate that a wavelength demodulation accuracy of better than 4 pm can be achieved using only five consecutive AWG channels to sample the spectrum. The proposed method expands the types of FBG sensors that can be demodulated, overcoming the limitation of the conventional AWG-based method on the demodulation range. This method holds promise for achieving high-precision, wide-range, flexible, and cost-effective demodulation with rapid speed.
Novel kinase regulators of extracellular matrix internalisation identified by high-content screening modulate invasive carcinoma cell migration
Authors: Martinez Montserrat Llanses , Nan Keqian , Bao Zhe , Bacchetti Rachele , Yuan Shengnan , Tyler Joe , Guezennec Xavier Le , Bard Frederic A. , Rainero Elena
Published: December 2024

The interaction between cancer cells and the extracellular matrix (ECM) plays a pivotal role in tumour progression. While the extracellular degradation of ECM proteins has been well characterised, ECM endocytosis and its impact on cancer cell progression, migration, and metastasis is poorly understood. ECM internalisation is increased in invasive breast cancer cells, suggesting it may support invasiveness. However, current high-throughput approaches mainly focus on cells grown on plastic in 2D, making it difficult to apply these to the study of ECM dynamics. Here, we developed a high-content screening assay to study ECM uptake, based on the of use automated ECM coating for the generation of highly homogeneous ECM a pH-sensitive dye to image ECM trafficking in live cells. We identified that mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family members, MAP3K1 and MAPK11 (p38β), and the protein phosphatase 2 (PP2) subunit PPP2R1A were required for the internalisation of ECM-bound α2β1 integrin. Mechanistically, we show that down-regulation of the sodium/proton exchanger 1 (NHE1), an established macropinocytosis regulator and a target of p38, mediated ECM macropinocytosis. Moreover, disruption of α2 integrin, MAP3K1, MAPK11, PPP2R1A, and NHE1-mediated ECM internalisation significantly impaired cancer cell migration and invasion in 2D and 3D culture systems. Of note, integrin-bound ECM was targeted for lysosomal degradation, which was required for cell migration on cell-derived matrices. Finally, α2β1 integrin and MAP3K1 expression were significantly up-regulated in pancreatic tumours and correlated with poor prognosis in pancreatic cancer patients. Strikingly, MAP3K1, MAPK11, PPP2R1A, and α2 integrin expression were higher in chemotherapy-resistant tumours in breast cancer patients. Our results identified the α2β1 integrin/p38 signalling axis as a novel regulator of ECM endocytosis, which drives invasive migration and tumour progression, demonstrating that our high-content screening approach has the capability of identifying novel regulators of cancer cell invasion.
Mentorship to strengthen health system leadership: A case study of the Walungu rural health zone in the eastern Democratic Republic of Congo
Authors: Bigirinama Rosine , Bisimwa Ghislain , Makali Samuel , Cikomola Aimé , Barhobagayana Janvier , Lembebu Jean-Corneille , Chiribagula Christian , Mwene-Batu Pacifique , Mukalay Abdon , Porignon Denis , Tambwe Albert
Published: December 2024

From 2015 to 2019, the "RIPSEC" program launched a mentorship program, transforming the Walungu health zone, in eastern crisis-affected Democratic Republic of Congo, into a “Learning and Research Zone” (LRZ). As part of the program, a local university was tasked with strengthening the LRZ manager’s leadership capacities, including efforts to troubleshoot challenges related to the proliferation of informal healthcare facilities (IHFs). IHFs are unregulated healthcare structures operating on the fringes of the law, and claiming to offer cheaper, higher-quality care to the local population. This study evaluates the impact of RIPSEC mentorship on leadership development and the performance in the Walungu LRZ, particularly concerning the utilization of integrated curative health services in competition with IHFs. We used a mixed method approach, combining retrospective analysis of some key health indicators before (2014) and during RIPSEC program (2014 vs. 2015–2019), and in-depth qualitative interviews with members of the LRZ management team. Quantitative data were presented as frequencies and proportions. Simple linear regression (p<0.05) measured the influence of IHFs on service use. The LRZ’s functionality and performance were assessed using an internal benchmarking approach, with results presented as trend curves. Deductive analysis of interviews allowed for a deeper exploration of quantitative trends. Despite efforts by the LRZ managers to regulate IHFs, these structures negatively impact the use of curative services by diverting patients away from integrated healthcare options. RIPSEC mentorship notably enhanced manager’s leadership skills, leading to more effective management. While the use of curative health services slightly increased during the program, rates remained below 50%, and gains were not sustained post-program. RIPSEC mentorship has positively impacted leadership and performance in Walungu. However, financial challenges and the persistent influence of IHFs continue to impede the sustainability of these gains. Comprehensive strategies beyond enhancing managerial leadership solely, are necessary.
Prevalence and risk factors of hypertension in Mauritius: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Inyangetuk Rachel Sunny , San Sebastián Miguel , Heecharan Jaysing , Ori Bhushan , Zimmet Paul , Söderberg Stefan , Tuomilehto Jaakko , Kowlessur Sudhirsen , Fonseca-Rodríguez Osvaldo
Published: December 2024

Hypertension, a highly prevalent non-communicable disease is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. In the Republic of Mauritius, the growing number of elderly people along with a rise in overweight and obese populations indicate a looming increase in hypertension prevalence. Given its profound burden on the population and economy, updated insights into the burden and determinants of hypertension in Mauritius is crucial for developing interventions aimed at prevention, management and identifying of at-risk groups. Therefore, this study aimed to estimate the prevalence of hypertension and investigating associated risk factors for hypertension in Mauritius. A cross-sectional study was conducted using the nationally representative data from the 2021 Mauritius non-communicable diseases survey. The survey included 3,622 participants from a total of 4307 contacted individuals (84.1% response rate) aged 19–84 years from all nine districts of the country. The outcome, hypertension, was defined as blood pressure greater than or equal to 140 mmHg systolic and/or 90 mm Hg diastolic or the use of antihypertensive drugs. A log-binomial regression analysis was performed to examine the association between hypertension and a range of sociodemographic, socioeconomic, and behavioural factors, along with the presence of cardiovascular disease. The overall prevalence of hypertension was 35.1%. Older age, low education, high body mass index, occasional or frequent alcohol consumption, and history of cardiovascular disease were significantly associated with hypertension. There is a need to actively implement focused intervention strategies that target and tackle these risk factors to reduce the burden associated with hypertension in Mauritius.
Prognostic value of baseline alkaline phosphatase of 177Lu‐PSMA radioligand therapy in metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Zhang Tianhe , Li Wuxue , Wei Haiyang , Huang Zhiheng , Yang Junkai , Zeng Hanyi , Zhou Zhiyong , Zhao Xinghua
Published: December 2024

Background

Current studies have shown inconsistent results regarding the impact of baseline alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels on the prognosis of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) patients who undergo 177Lu-prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) radioligand therapy (PRLT). Therefore, a comprehensive meta-analysis is needed to clarify the implications.

Methods

This study was carried out in full compliance with the PRISMA protocol 2020, and a comprehensive search was conducted through PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase for published literature up to April 1st, 2024. Random-effects models were used to assess the correlation between baseline ALP and overall survival (OS) or progression-free survival (PFS) of mCRPC patients treated with 177Lu-PRLT, with a significance level set at α = 0.05.

Results

A total of 12 articles were included in this study. The pooled effect estimates for baseline ALP and OS were 1.134 (95% CI: 1.035–1.245), I2 = 78.7%, P < 0.05. Regarding baseline ALP and PFS, the pooled effect estimate was found to be 2.14 (95% CI: 1.232–3.718), I2 = 93.3%, P < 0.05. Subgroup analysis revealed minimal heterogeneity among articles using a cut-off value ≥220U/L when examining the association between baseline ALP and OS; whereas for baseline ALP and PFS, there was also minimal heterogeneity observed among articles that adjusted for confounders.

Conclusion

This meta-analysis demonstrates a significant association between elevated baseline ALP levels in mCRPC patients prior to 177Lu-PRLT treatment and inferior OS and PFS. Timely monitoring of baseline ALP levels can provide valuable insights for clinical decision-making and patient counseling.
Study on brittleness characteristics of deep shale: A case study of Lu211 well in the Luzhou block
Authors: Zeng Bo , Qiu Guozhou , Chen Liqing , Guo Yintong , Wang Shouyi , Gui Junchuan
Published: December 2024

Ensuring the sustainability of energy is pivotal for achieving a harmonious balance between environmental conservation and economic growth. The mechanical behavior of deep shale reservoir rocks is intricate, presenting challenges in ascertaining their brittleness characteristics. To address this, the study employed a suite of evaluation techniques, encompassing analyses of stress-strain curve attributes, energy dissipation patterns, and mineral composition profiles. The overarching goal was to delineate the variations in deep shale brittleness as a function of depth. The findings indicate a general trend of decreasing shale brittleness with increasing depth. However, the brittleness indices derived from the three distinct evaluation methods varied, with the mineral composition approach yielding the most scattered results. This disparity underscores the heterogeneity of deep shale, likely due to its varied diagenetic history compared to shallower formations. In response to these observations, the study leveraged the principle of weighted averaging to devise a composite brittleness evaluation method. This innovative approach not only integrates the effects of multiple influencing factors but also accounts for the differential impact and weight of each method on the overall brittleness assessment. By doing so, it offers a more nuanced and holistic understanding of shale brittleness. The paper’s exploration of deep shale’s brittleness characteristics contributes valuable insights for the exploration and development of deep shale reservoirs, enhancing the strategic and operational frameworks within the energy sector. This comprehensive evaluation method serves as a foundation for more informed decision-making, ensuring that energy extraction is conducted in a manner that is both economically viable and environmentally responsible.
Qualitative insights on emergency preparedness and response to marburg virus disease in Ghana: The role of risk communication and community engagement
Authors: Agboh Herman Nuake Kofi , Adjei-Okai Grace , Adjei George Adjeisah
Published: December 2024

Objectives

Faith-based healthcare providers have played pivotal roles in recent public health responses to disease outbreaks, such as Ebola, COVID-19, and Marburg Virus Disease. However, the literature on their performance remains scarce. This research therefore evaluates the risk communication and community engagement capacity of the Christian Health Association of Ghana (CHAG) during the Marburg Disease Virus outbreak in Ghana.

Method

Data were obtained from 15 clinical and nonclinical health workers affiliated with CHAG and the Ghana Health Service (GHS). Online interviews were conducted to assess the coordination of risk communication and community engagement during Marburg Virus outbreak in Ghana. Thematic analysis was employed for data analysis.

Findings

Active engagement of national-level stakeholders, including the Ministry of Health and the Ghana Health Service, was observed. Outreach activities encompassing surveillance and contact tracing were also executed. However, resource constraints led to passive involvement of frontline workers in stakeholder meetings and risk communication activities, posing a limitation to the Risk Communication and Community Engagement (RCCE) effort.

Conclusion

To address health system vulnerabilities and misinformation in low-resourced countries during health emergencies, a bottom-up approach is vital. This approach will enhance the capacity of communities, professionals, NGOs, and media to counter infodemics and disinformation. Government and healthcare facility owners must ensure robust logistical and policy preparations to effectively equip healthcare facilities for future disease outbreaks.
Advanced susceptibility analysis of ground deformation disasters using large language models and machine learning: A Hangzhou City case study
Authors: Yu Bofan , Xing Huaixue , Ge Weiya , Zhou Liling , Yan Jiaxing , Li Yun-an
Published: December 2024

To address the prevailing scenario where comprehensive susceptibility assessments of ground deformation disasters primarily rely on knowledge-driven models, with weight judgments largely founded on expert subjective assessments, this study initially explores the feasibility of integrating data-driven models into the evaluation of urban ground collapse and subsidence. Hangzhou city, characterized by filled soil and silty sand, was selected as the representative study area. Nine pertinent evaluation factors were identified, and the RF-BP neural network coupling model was employed to assess the susceptibility of ground collapse and subsidence in the study area, the results indicate that the stacked model achieved a 7% increase in AUC value compared to the single model. Subsequently, this study utilized the advanced large language model (LLM), ChatGPT-4, to supplant expert judgment in the weight determination of ground deformation disasters. The advantages of ChatGPT-4, such as its ability to process vast amounts of data and provide consistent, unbiased judgments, were highlighted. ChatGPT-4’s assessments were validated by geological experts in the study area through the analytic hierarchy process. The results show that, by analyzing the same textual materials, the weights determined by experts differed by only 3% from those judged by ChatGPT, demonstrating the reliability and human-expert-like logic of ChatGPT-4’s judgments. Finally, a comprehensive susceptibility assessment of ground deformation disasters was conducted utilizing ChatGPT-4’s judgment results, yielding favorable outcomes.
Cannabis use and heart transplant listing: A survey of clinician practices
Authors: J. Ilonze Onyedika , Knapp Shannon M. , Chernyak Yelena , Page Robert L. , Boyd LaKeisha J. , Mazimba Sula , Raman Subha V. , Enyi Chioma O. , Allen Larry A. , Breathett Khadijah
Published: December 2024

No consensus exists for heart transplant listing for patients who use cannabis. We conducted a web-based survey to assess knowledge, and practice patterns towards patients with heart failure who use cannabis referred for transplant. A total of 140 clinicians (cardiologists (41.4%, n = 58), surgeons (7.1%, n = 10), pharmacists (9.3%, n = 13), advanced practice providers and coordinators) responded and responses were grouped by whether they responded that cannabis is “illegal in my state” (illegal), or “legal for medical and recreational use in my state,” (legal). There was a statistically significant difference in responses between the groups in the frequency of cannabis use that should preclude a patient from HT listing p = 0.0330) with respondents where cannabis is legal tending to answer that higher frequencies were acceptable. The groups in the “legal group” responded that a validated cannabis screening questionnaire could evaluate HT eligibility (p = 0.0111). A majority in the illegal group responding “No” as to whether their program allows pre- or post-transplant patients to use prescribed cannabis products (p < 0.0001). A majority in the illegal group responding “No” while the majority in the legal group responded “Yes” to “Does your HT center’s current selection criteria policy address medical cannabis use in potential transplant candidates?” (p = 0.0001). Health care providers generally agreed that a validated cannabis use disorder screening questionnaire would be useful and that 6 months of abstinence from cannabis is sufficient prior to HT listing. Significant heterogeneity exists regarding cannabis use as it relates to heart transplantation.
First report of aberrant sperm in Edessinae and analysis of the male reproductive system of Edessa rufomarginata (De Geer, 1773) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)
Authors: Paulo Mauricio da Silva , Rezende Paulo Henrique , Costa Dayvson Ayala , Teixeira Ana Clara Pereira , Nascimento Francisco Witallo Sousa do , Lino-Neto José , Dias Glenda
Published: December 2024

Edessinae is one of the ten subfamilies of Pentatomidae, and it is further divided into seven genera. Among these, Edessa Fabricius, 1803 is the most diverse genus, boasting around 300 species recognized for their ecological and economic significance worldwide. The inclusion of various pentatomids in the Edessa genus has led to mistakes in its taxonomy due to common morphological features and misidentifications. An alternative to avoid mistakes is to use diverse datasets to characterize and classify insects, such as the male reproductive system and sperm morphology, for their variability and conserved traits within a clade. Thus, we described the morphology of the male reproductive system, spermatozoa, and spermiogenesis of Edessa rufomarginata (De Geer, 1773) using light microscopy. We discovered that their male reproductive system consists of a pair of elongated testes with four follicles each. The analysis revealed for the first time the presence of dimorphic spermatozoa in Edessinae. There are two distinct morphotypes: spermatozoa type I, produced by follicles 1, 2, and 3, with a total length of approximately 325 μm and a nucleus of 34 μm and spermatozoa type II, produced by follicle 4, measuring approximately 156 μm in total length and 73 μm in the nucleus, and showing an aberrant sperm morphology with different morphology from what has been described in Pentatomidae. The presence of sperm dimorphism in E. rufomarginata are not reported in any other Pentatomidae to date, and it may contribute to establishing taxonomic limits within the subfamily Edessinae.
Graphene nanosheets decorated with heterostructured ruthenium sulfide as catalyst for enhanced hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Naseeb Warisha , Khosa Muhammad Kaleem , Noor Awal , Qayyum Sadaf , Chen Shaowei
Published: December 2024

In present findings, a simple pyrolysis technique was applied to decorate S and N doped graphene with RuS2-CoO nanoparticles synthesizing a heterostructured nanocomposite RuS2-CoO@SNG. XPS results demonstrate the elemental composition of these nanomaterials with the hint of metal-metal charge transfer phenomenon likely due to heterostructure composition. These modifications led to a significant active surface area resulting in elevated electrocatalytic performance. In comparison to benchmark Pt/C at -60 mV in 1 M KOH, hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) reached at current density around 10 mA cm-2 at -90 mV overpotential. The stability test displayed excellent results with a decrease of 2 mV in overpotential at current density of 10 mA cm-2. Results indicate that such heterostructured nanocomposites can be used as an effective catalyst for HER.
Optogenetic screening of MCT1 activity implicates a cluster of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) as inhibitors of lactate transport
Authors: Wegner Scott A. , Kim Hahn , Avalos José L.
Published: December 2024

Lactate transport plays a crucial role in the metabolism, microenvironment, and survival of cancer cells. However, current drugs targeting either MCT1 or MCT4, which traditionally mediate lactate import or efflux respectively, show limited efficacy beyond in vitro models. This limitation partly arises from the existence of both isoforms in certain tumors, however existing high-affinity MCT1/4 inhibitors are years away from human testing. Therefore, we conducted an optogenetic drug screen in Saccharomyces cerevisiae on a subset of the FDA-approved drug library to identify existing scaffolds that could be repurposed as monocarboxylate transporter (MCT) inhibitors. Our findings show that several existing drug classes inhibit MCT1 activity, including non-steroidal estrogens, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and natural products (in total representing approximately 1% of the total library, 78 out of 6400), with a moderate affinity (IC50 1.8–21 μM). Given the well-tolerated nature of NSAIDs, and their known anticancer properties associated with COX inhibition, we chose to further investigate their MCT1 inhibition profile. The majority of NSAIDs in our screen cluster into a single large structural grouping. Moreover, this group is predominantly comprised of FDA-approved NSAIDs, with seven exhibiting moderate MCT1 inhibition. Since these molecules form a distinct structural cluster with known NSAID MCT4 inhibitors, such as diclofenac, ketoprofen, and indomethacin, we hypothesize that these newly identified inhibitors may also inhibit both transporters. Consequently, NSAIDs as a class, and piroxicam specifically (IC50 4.4 μM), demonstrate MCT1 inhibition at theoretically relevant human dosages, suggesting immediate potential for standalone MCT inhibition or combined anticancer therapy.
PHyPO: Priority-based Hybrid task Partitioning and Offloading in mobile computing using automated machine learning
Authors: Bano Shehr , Abbas Ghulam , Bilal Muhammad , Abbas Ziaul Haq , Ali Zaiwar , Waqas Muhammad
Published: December 2024

With the increasing demand for mobile computing, the requirement for intelligent resource management has also increased. Cloud computing lessens the energy consumption of user equipment, but it increases the latency of the system. Whereas edge computing reduces the latency along with the energy consumption, it has limited resources and cannot process bigger tasks. To resolve these issues, a Priority-based Hybrid task Partitioning and Offloading (PHyPO) scheme is introduced in this paper, which prioritizes the tasks with high time sensitivity and offloads them intelligently. It also calculates the optimal number of partitions a task can be divided into. The utility of resources is maximized along with increasing the processing capability of the model by using a hybrid architecture, consisting of mobile devices, edge servers, and cloud servers. Automated machine learning is used to identify the optimal classification models, along with tuning their hyper-parameters, which results in adaptive boosting ensemble learning-based models to reduce the time complexity of the system to O(1). The results of the proposed algorithm show a significant improvement over benchmark techniques along with achieving an accuracy of 96.1% for the optimal partitioning model and 94.3% for the optimal offloading model, with both the results being achieved in significantly less or equal time as compared to the benchmark techniques.
I am where I believe my body is: The interplay between body spatial prediction and body ownership
Authors: Frisco Francesca , Bruno Vito , Romano Daniele , Tosi Giorgia
Published: December 2024

Body ownership refers to the feeling that the body belongs to oneself. This study explores how our ability to predict our body’s location in space influences feelings of ownership and disownership towards it, comparing two illusion techniques: the virtual Rubber Hand Illusion (vRHI) and the first-person perspective Full-Body Illusion (1pp-FBI). Participants were exposed to each illusion, where they observed a virtual body aligned or misaligned with their own. Participants observed the virtual body for 60s (i.e., visual exposure) and then experienced the multisensory body illusion. During the illusion, participants received tactile stimulation while observing the avatar being synchronously touched. After two minutes, a virtual knife appeared and stabbed the virtual body. We recorded the Skin Conductance Response (SCR) as an implicit embodiment measure. After the visual exposure and the body illusion, we administered a Body Localization Task to evaluate the body’s perceived position and a questionnaire to measure embodiment and disembodiment subjective experience. We performed a series of Bayesian regression in a factorial within-subject design. Results showed that both illusions increased feelings of ownership, but this effect was weaker in the misaligned 1pp-FBI. Interestingly, disownership only occurred in the misaligned 1pp-FBI, particularly when the legs were misaligned. Additionally, we found a recalibration of the body’s position toward the misaligned virtual body, but no changes emerged when the real and the fake body were aligned. Correlation analyses partially supported the hypothesis that the perceived body’s position influences embodiment sensations in the 1pp-FBI. These findings suggest that our perception of where our body is in space plays a crucial role in how much we feel it belongs to us, supporting the idea that ownership may be more related to the perceived location than the body itself.
Assessment of Apple’s object capture photogrammetry API for rapidly creating research quality cultural heritage 3D models
Authors: Hurst Stance , Franklin Lauren , Johnson Eileen
Published: December 2024

Photogrammetry is a significant tool museums utilize to produce high-quality 3D models for research and exhibit content. As advancements in computer hardware and software continue, it is crucial to assess the effectiveness of photogrammetry software in producing research-quality 3D models. This study evaluates the efficacy of Apple’s Object Capture photogrammetry API to create high-quality 3D models. The results indicate that Object Capture is a viable option to create research-quality models efficiently for a variety of natural and cultural heritage objects. Object Capture is notable for its minimal need for masking backgrounds within images and its ability to create models with fewer than 100 images and process 3D models in under 10 minutes.
Insecticide tolerance of the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae following larval exposure to microplastics and insecticide
Authors: Shilla Dativa J. , Matiya Deokary Joseph , Nyamandito Nyanda Laini , Tambwe Mgeni Mohamed , Quilliam Richard S.
Published: December 2024

Microplastic (MP) pollution poses a global threat to urban and rural environments and can have negative effects on a range of organisms. Mosquito larvae often breed in water contaminated with MPs, and given their important role as disease vectors, understanding the effects of larval exposure to MPs is critical for understanding the potential impact on their life history traits and subsequent methods for their control. Here, we have exposed first instar larvae of Anopheles gambiae s.s. to environmentally realistic concentrations of PET microplastics (1.0–7.5 μm) and a sub-lethal dose of insecticide mixed with microplastics, and quantified survival, development, and susceptibility of larvae over six generations. Adult mosquitoes from larvae exposed to these treatments were subsequently tested for insecticide resistance. Exposure to MPs decreased larval survival rates compared to the control; however, over six generations of exposure, survival rates significantly increased. Similarly, there was a higher survival rate of those larvae exposed to MPs mixed with insecticide compared to those exposed to just the insecticide, and survival increased further over the six generations. For the adult mosquito susceptibility tests, knockdown times (KDTs) indicated some level of insecticide tolerance when larvae had been previously exposed to MPs and insecticides. This is the first study demonstrating the selection of insecticide tolerance in adult mosquitoes after consecutive generations of larval exposures to varying concentrations of MPs. Therefore, field-scale studies are now urgently required to quantify whether larval insecticides are less effective at controlling mosquitoes in breeding sites commonly polluted with MPs.
Comparison of postoperative survival prognosis between early-onset and late-onset esophageal cancer: A Population-based study
Authors: Qin Lang , Tian Jie , Zhang Yuan , Yin Yanlin , Dou Zhenling , Chen Jie , Zhang Zhi , Gong Yu , Fu Wenhua
Published: December 2024

The prognosis of non-distant metastatic early-onset esophageal cancer (EC) patients undergoing surgical treatment remains unclear, this study aims to compare the prognosis of early-onset and late-onset EC. Information on non-distant metastatic EC patients who underwent surgical treatment and were initially diagnosed between 2004 and 2015 was collected from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to balance the baseline differences between early-onset and late-onset EC patients. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were used to calculate hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). The Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test were used to compare the overall survival (OS) between the two groups of patients. Atotal of 5320 EC patients were included, with 571 in the early-onset group and 4749 in the late-onset group. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that early-onset EC patients had better OS (HR = 0.732, 95% CI: 0.655–0.819, p<0.001). Using PSM analysis at a 1:1 ratio, we matched 557 early-onset EC patients with 557 late-onset EC patients. After matching, the multivariate Cox regression model still showed a favorable prognosis for early-onset EC (HR = 0.728, 95% CI: 0.630–0.842, p<0.001). Additionally, subgroup analysis indicated that early-onset EC patients had better long-term prognosis. Non-distant metastatic early-onset EC patients undergoing surgical treatment demonstrated better OS outcomes, confirmed by regression analysis and subgroup analysis in the matched cohort.
Semiparametric change points detection using single index spatial random effects model in environmental epidemiology study
Authors: Mahmoud Hamdy F. F. , Kim Inyoung
Published: December 2024

Environmental health studies are of great interest in research to evaluate the mortality-temperature relationship by adjusting spatially correlated random effects as well as identifying significant change points in temperature. However, this relationship is often not expressed using parametric models, which makes identifying change points an even more challenging problem. This paper proposes a unified semiparametric approach to simultaneously identify the nonlinear mortality-temperature relationship and detect spatially-dependent change points. A unified method is proposed for the model estimation, spatially dependent change points detection, and testing whether they are significant simultaneously by a permutation-based test. We operate under the assumption that change points remain constant, yet acknowledge the uncertainty regarding their precise number. These change points are influenced by the smoothing of an unknown function, which in turn relies on a smoothing variable and spatial random effects. Consequently, the detection of change points may be influenced by spatial effects. In this paper, several simulation studies are conducted to evaluate the performance of our proposed approach. The advantages of this unified approach are demonstrated using epidemiological data on mortality and temperature.
Adolescent school retention post COVID-19 school closures in Kenya: A mixed-methods study
Authors: Wafubwa Ruth Nanjekho , Soler-Hampejsek Erica , Muluve Eva , Osuka Daniel , Austrian Karen
Published: December 2024

This mixed methods study investigated factors associated with school retention among marginalized adolescents in four different settings in Kenya, following COVID-19 school closures. Logistic regressions were used to examine factors associated with school retention in 2022 among 1798 adolescent students aged 10–19 in 2020. Qualitative data from 89 in-depth interviews (64 adolescents aged 11–19 and 25 parents), and 21 key informants were thematically analysed. Among female adolescents, age (aOR = 0.76, 95% CI: 0.67, 0.87) and internet access (aOR = 0.55, 95% CI: 0.35, 0.87) were negatively associated with school retention. Engaging in income-generating activities was similarly linked to reduced school retention (aOR = 0.27, 95% CI: 0.16, 0.46). For male adolescents, household loss of income (aOR = 0.40, 95% CI: 0.21, 0.76) and engaging in income-generating activities (aOR = 0.07, 95% CI: 0.02, 0.19) were associated with lower school retention. The qualitative findings highlighted the gendered nature of barriers to school retention. Specifically, pregnancy, child marriage, and related childcare responsibilities emerged as important constraints for girls, whereas engaging in income-generating activities and drug and alcohol use were more dominant factors for boys. Across both genders, financial constraints were a key barrier to school retention. This study underscores the multifaceted nature of factors influencing school retention among marginalized adolescents in times of crisis such as the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings provide useful information for designing targeted policies and programmes for adolescent school retention in times of crisis.
A nonlinear creep model of hard structural planes
Authors: Cui Aneng , Dai Yongxin , Jia Chao , Mao Quansheng , Yu Kelin , Wu Pengcheng , Zhao Mengsheng
Published: December 2024

Hard structural planes mainly exist in rock slopes and their creep characteristics largely determine slope stability. Traditional models have some shortcomings in describing the creep characteristics of hard structural planes, such as poor adaptability and unclear physical meaning of parameters. In order to overcome these shortcomings, based on the creep failure mechanism of hard structural planes, an element combination model is adopted in the study. In the instantaneous deformation stage, the plastic deformation proportional coefficient n is introduced based on the strain rebound theory of loading-unloading tests. In the attenuation creep stage, the hardening coefficient C and creep index m are introduced. In the viscoelastic-plastic failure stage, the weakening factor k is introduced. By improving traditional elements, a new piecewise nonlinear constitutive relationship of hard structural planes is established and then the creep equation is obtained with integration method. The adaptability of the established model and the way to solve parameters are analyzed and the correctness of the model is proved theoretically. The data of creep tests of the prefabricated serrated interpenetrated green sandstone structural plane and the concealed non-interpenetrated marble structural plane are further fitted and verified, yielding a fitting result exceeding 0.95, thereby indicating a strong correlation. By optimizing the whole creep process of the hard structural plane in stages and demonstrating the difference in the creep mechanism of the hard structural plane at different depths in a rock mass in the high and low stress fields in the form of piecewise function, the physical meaning of the improved model is clearer. In addition, the improved model allows the higher accuracy of nonlinear characteristics in attenuation creep stage and acceleration creep stage and provides the theoretical basis for the stability analysis of rock slopes.
Relationship between nurses’ critical thinking disposition and patient safety incident reporting: The mediating role of patient safety culture in a comprehensive nursing service ward
Authors: Kim Nam-Yi , Kwak Sung-Jung
Published: December 2024

At present, patient safety nursing by nurses is important and the risk of patient safety incidents is high. However, the comprehensive nursing service ward in Korea has no guardians. To prevent patient safety incidents and its recurrence, it is necessary to accurately report patient safety incidents. Patient safety incident reporting may be different depending on an individual’s critical thinking disposition and patient safety culture (organization, department, individual). This study was a descriptive survey and aimed to suggest ways to improve the reporting of patient safety incidents in Korea. The study participants were 130 nurses working in the comprehensive nursing service ward of a Korean university hospital. From October 5–18, 2023, we conducted a survey of nurses’ critical thinking dispositions, patient safety culture, and patient safety incident reporting. The mediating effect of patient safety culture on the relationship between critical thinking disposition and patient safety incident reporting was analyzed using PROCESS Macro Model 4. The results show that the patient safety incident report of nurses in the comprehensive nursing service ward was related to nurses’ critical thinking disposition and the nursing department’s patient safety culture. In particular, it was found that the department’s patient safety culture had a mediating effect (β = 0.11, 95% CI = 0.01~0.22) on the relationship between critical thinking disposition and patient safety incident reports. To encourage patient safety incident reports in nurses in the comprehensive nursing service ward, it is necessary to improve the organizational culture of the department (presenting free opinions or problems) and to develop strategies to promote critical thinking among nurses.
Guerras híbridas, Lawfare e o panorama político brasileiro
Authors: Viegas Diego , Della Vechia Renato da Silva , Nunes Tiago de Garcia
Published: December 2024

No cenário geopolítico contemporâneo, as guerras indiretas surgem como estratégias eficazes para atores estatais e não estatais atingirem seus objetivos políticos e militares, minimizando os riscos e custos associados a conflitos diretos. As “guerras híbridas” e o “lawfare” emergem como formas inovadoras de enfrentamento global, moldando a paisagem geopolítica com nuances e complexidades únicas. Questiona-se se as categorias teórico-analíticas em destaque podem contribuir para a compreensão histórica e dinâmica das manifestações de 2013 e da ascensão da extrema-direita no Brasil. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo de natureza exploratória que analisa os eventos do cenário brasileiro com análise bibliográfica e documental. Conclui-se que as teorias em destaque são frutíferas para analisar eventos marcantes, como as manifestações de junho de 2013, o impeachment de Dilma Rousseff e a ascensão da ultradireita durante o governo de Jair Bolsonaro, ficando evidente a utilização destas estratégias no cenário político brasileiro.
Atores, interesses e ideias em disputa no subsistema da Política Nacional de Habitação Social no Brasil
Authors: Romagnoli Alexandre José , Martelli Carla Gandini Giani
Published: December 2024

Este artigo tem como objetivo principal identificar a influência de atores e ideias na conformação da Política Nacional de Habitação Social durante o período de 1987 a 2021. Como referencial teórico, empregou-se o Advocacy Coalition Framework (ACF). O estudo, de tipo qualitativo, utilizou-se de um vasto conjunto de dados analisados através da Análise de Conteúdo e auxílio do software NVivo®. Como resultado, foram identificadas três coalizões de defesa influentes no subsistema da política: Coalizão da Moradia Popular (CoMP), Coalizão Desenvolvimentista da Construção Civil (CoDCC) e Coalizão da Financeirização da Moradia (CoFM). A CoMP, apesar de alcançar importantes vitórias durante os anos de 1987 a 2005, com a consolidação de suas crenças nos processos decisórios desse período, passou por progressivo enfraquecimento, de 2009 a 2021, não reunindo capacidade de influência suficiente para alterar a lógica econômico-financeira, associada a crenças defendidas pela CoDCC e CoFM, que majoritariamente definiram os processos decisórios seguintes.
Mandatos coletivos e promessas de campanha
Authors: Tavares de Oliveira Kauany , Diniz Simone
Published: December 2024

Este artigo dialoga com a literatura sobre sub-representação política de grupos sociais e para tanto, toma como objeto empírico a atuação do mandato coletivo Bancada Feminista, eleita para a Câmara de Vereadores de São Paulo, em 2020, em dois momentos distintos: durante a campanha eleitoral e no exercício do mandato de vereança. Nosso objetivo é verificar se os temas de maior saliência presentes nas promessas de campanha da Bancada se mantiveram nos Projetos de Lei apresentados pelas co-vereadoras. Procuramos indícios de proximidade entre o que foi prometido no momento de autorização e a atividade legislativa do mandato, pois essa proximidade melhora a qualidade da representação. Os resultados encontrados demonstram convergência temática entre promessas de campanha e atuação parlamentar e centralidade de questões relativas às mulheres.
Entre a Precariedade e a Esperança:
Authors: Hamdan Tarik Dias
Published: December 2024

Esta análise crítica tem como objetivo elucidar as principais contribuições da obra "A angústia do precariado: trabalho e solidariedade no capitalismo racial". Escrito pelo Prof. Dr. Ruy Braga, o livro aborda profundamente a crise laboral e sindical nos Estados Unidos, ambas influenciadas de maneira significativa pela globalização econômica e pelo neoliberalismo. Contrapondo-se a perspectivas normativas, a obra visa entender a crise sociorreprodutiva a partir da vivência e percepção dos trabalhadores, investigando o desmantelamento das solidariedades práticas estabelecidas entre eles. Ademais, enfatiza-se na obra as táticas inovadoras adotadas para a revitalização da ação coletiva trabalhista que incorpora temáticas de gênero e raça.
Fechamento do espaço de incisivos laterais superiores ausentes bilateralmente em paciente Classe III: caso clínico
Authors: Iwasaki Renzo , Menegussi Janaína , Fialho Tiago , de Freitas Karina , Pinzan-Vercelino Célia , Cotrin Paula , Valarelli Fabrício
Published: December 2024

OBJETIVO: O presente relato de caso mostra o tratamento de um paciente com má oclusão de Classe III esquelética na dentição mista, com ausência de ambos os incisivos laterais superiores permanentes, mordida aberta anterior, mordida cruzada posterior do lado direito e leve apinhamento dos incisivos inferiores. CASO CLÍNICO: O tratamento foi realizado em duas fases, sendo a primeira ortopédica e a segunda com aparelho fixo. Nesse caso, foi utilizado o aparelho Hyrax com a máscara facial de Petit. Após a melhora da relação oclusal anteroposterior obtida pelo tratamento ortopédico,...
Classe III esquelética com mordida cruzada total anterior e posterior: relato de caso
Authors: Allgayer Susiane
Published: December 2024

OBJETIVO: Relatar o caso clínico de uma paciente com má oclusão de Classe III esquelética com mordida cruzada total anterior e posterior. CASO CLÍNICO: Por meio dos elementos de diagnóstico, de avaliação clínica e facial, constatou-se a deficiência no terço médio da face, que se expressava em um perfil côncavo. A primeira etapa do tratamento ortopédico compreendeu disjunção palatina e protração maxilar, adequando as bases ósseas e corrigindo a mordida cruzada posterior bilateral e anterior. Na segunda etapa, realizou-se a montagem do aparelho ortodôntico fixo completo slot...
Building the future: Toward a sustainable material transition in architecture and construction
Authors: Kropp Cordula , Aicher Simon
Published: December 2024

In the introduction, we discuss the need for a material transition in architecture and construction and the challenges it poses. Drawing on innovation research, the multi-level perspective (MLP), and thousands of years of building history, we identify the potential for change, the obstacles that need to be overcome, and the importance of standards, in particular of established industry standards. The introduction also includes a brief description of each article.
Identification of Heavy Metal Concentration in Citarum River Water Using the Heavy Metal Pollution Index Method
Authors: Wardhani Eka , Wulan Diana Rahayuning , Velda Nazla Amaliyah , Nugraha Willy Cahya , Rohman Oman , Irmansyah Athaya Zahrani
Published: December 2024

The Citarum River is the largest and longest river in West Java Province. The basin in that location has influenced by human activities and the industrial sector. One of the hazardous pollutants contained in industrial wastewater is heavy metals. This study aims to identify the content of dissolved heavy metals (Fe, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Pb, and Zn) in Citarum River water, Purwakarta Regency, at three observation points, namely Jatiluhur Reservoir Outlet, Cilalawak Bridge, and Cilele Bridge. The Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry Method is used to analyze the dissolved heavy metals. Determination the level of metal contamination using the Heavy Metal Pollution Index (HPI) method. The study results that three metals exceeded the standard based on Government Regulation 22 of 2021 Class II, namely Fe, Hg, and Zn. Fe metal in the range between 0.277-1.179 mg/L, Hg metal between 0.011-0.100 mg/L, and Zn metal between 0.017-0.074 mg/L. HPI analysis showed that at three points in both sampling periods, it indicated that heavy metals highly polluted river water because the results obtained exceeded the HPI pollutant index, which was > 100. The biggest contribution of dissolved heavy metals in the Citarum River water body was dominated by the Hg parameter