bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Knotted Catheter and Other Injuries to Arterial Catheters and Guide Wires
Authors: Syme James
Published: March 2008

Attention is confined to injuries to catheters and guide wires as complications of arteriography, as opposed to mechanical damage to the arterial system, or effects attributable to the contrast medium, although it is acknowledged that not infrequently damage to an equipment part will also involve arterial injury. Two illustrative cases are reported, one of knotting of a transfemoral catheter in the distal aortic arch, and one of breakage of the flexible tip of the guide wire in attempting to negotiate a tortuous innominate bifurcation with a right transaxillary catheter. Possible technical factors underlying the equipment injury in each case are analysed critically, and refinements of technique and equipment suggested to avoid such injury. Reports of other forms of arterial equipment damage and of injury to similar equipment in other parts of the vascular system are briefly reviewed.
An Evaluation of Drip Infusion Pyelography
Authors: Sherbon K. J.
Published: March 2008

Summary

Drip infusion pyelography provides more satisfactory nephrograms and pyelograms than the conventional intravenous urogram examination.

It is particularly valuable in renal insufficiency or where it is expected that the conventional examination would be of poor quality.

It is useful for determining the presence or absence of a space‐occupying lesion where there is doubt.

It may determine the nature of the space‐occupying lesion, although selective renal arteriography is considered superior in this regard.

The examination appears to be safe, although an unexplained rise in blood urea occurred in two patients and more experience in the method will be needed to assess its safety.

Reasons are given for using diluted contrast media, although it is probable that dilution of the contrast medium does not enhance the examination.
Radiation and Marrow Infusion in Leukaemia
Authors: Holt J. A. G. , Woodliff H. J. , Davis R. E. , Neal J. R.
Published: March 2008

Summary

A patient with chronic granulocytic leukaemia, refractory to conventional treatment, was given approximately 1,000 rads of whole‐body radiation followed by infusion of 4.9×109 isogenic bone marrow cells.

The patient died two months later. The value of marrow infusion, the radiation dosimetry and the problem of radiation pneumonitis are discussed.
Assessment of Obstructive Airways Disease by Whole Lung Tomograms
Authors: Horn C. , Robertson M.
Published: March 2008

Most patients with obstructive airways disease suffer from bronchial asthma, pulmonary emphysema, chronic obstructive bronchitis or a combination of these conditions.

Whole lung tomograms provide differential information of the vascular calibre and branching patterns and of characteristic changes in the bronchial tree and lung parenchyma.

Changes associated with cor pulmonale and with left ventricular failure when emphysema is present are described.
Training for Nuclear Medicine*
Authors: Clarke K. H.
Published: March 2008

It is suggested that four training programmes should be considered, covering (a) medical graduates aspiring to become nuclear medicine specialists, (b) scientists, (c) radioisotope technicians, and (d) medical undergraduates. Some instruction is required for other medical and scientific staff involved in specialized studies. It is also suggested that the College of Radiologists should endeavour to ensure that the training of the above groups in nuclear medicine is satisfactory.
Radiological Aspects of the Pulmonary Complications Resulting from Intermittent Positive Pressure Ventilation (I.P.P.V.)
Authors: Leeming B. W. A.
Published: March 2008

The use of intermittent positive pressure ventilation is associated with a number of pulmonary complications which are of radiological importance. These complications are grouped into three categories.

In the first category are cases of asthma which require resuscitation with intermittent positive pressure ventilation. These cases may develop severe air trapping which can progress to pulmonary interstitial emphysema, although the latter complication is known to develop without a respirator being used. The second category includes pulmonary oedema, and there is brief reference to the effects of oedema of the bronchial mucosa. In an appendix to the paper the possible relationship of pulmonary oedema to the body handling of salt and water when intermittent positive pressure ventilation is used is examined. The analysis of accurately recorded fluid balance data did not reveal any statistical association between the retention of sodium, potassium or water, or any combination of these three and the presence of pulmonary oedema. The third category is represented by the serious condition of obliterative pneumonitis (respirator lung syndrome).

In all three categories the clinical and radiological findings and, where relevant, the pathological findings, are described.

During the year 1967 it was found that of a total of 267 admissions five developed pulmonary interstitial emphysema, four during intermittent positive pressure ventilation therapy. Two died. Sixty‐nine cases (26%) developed pulmonary oedema, and in 15 cases there seemed no adequate explanation for the oedema other than factors associated with the use of a respirator. The number of cases of pulmonary oedema closely related to the use of intermittent positive pressure ventilation is considered to be higher than 15, however. Two adults and two children under 10 years of age developed fatal obliterative pneumonitis confirmed by necropsy.
Methods of Irradiation of the Pelvis by External and Intracavitary Irradiation in the Treatment of Carcinoma of the Uterine Cervix; A Comparison of Early Results with Particular Reference to Morbidity
Authors: Adler G. F.
Published: March 2008

The problem of treatment of carcinomas of the cervix by a combination of external and intracavitary methods of irradiation is discussed.

A retrospective survey of J00 consecutive cases seen in the years 1964 and 1965 is presented.

The results of treatment by each method are compared by tabling complications seen during the first two years following treatment.

The relative advantage— and disadvantages of intracavitary and external methods of irradiation are discussed, and the place of preoperative intracavitary radiation therapy is reviewed.

Tin method of combined external and intracavitary irradiation to high dosage produced more frequent complications than did the conventional forms of treatment. It is suggested that greater risks may have to to be accepted if effective treatment is to In‐ given to patients with advanced tumours which prove to In‐unsuitable for initial treatment with intracavitary radon.
The Soft‐Tissue Changes of Rheumatoid Arthritis at the Wrist
Authors: Weston W. J.
Published: March 2008

The soft tissue pattern about the wrist was determined by the anatomy of the synovial cavities of the joints in that area. A study of a number of normal arthrograms of the wrist joint demonstrated a variable anatomical pattern that was not well recognized. From a knowledge of this pattern the synovial mass lesion that one can find at the wrist can be predicted.

The soft tissue pattern of the involved inferior radio‐ulnar joint has been described for the first time. They appeared as a well‐defined soft tissue mass lesion at the lower end of the interosseous space proximal to and continuous with the inferior radio‐ulnar joint.

The synovial changes on the ulnar border of the wrist displaced the deep fascia in a characteristic pattern that can be easily recognized when the arthrographic anatomy is understood. The fascia was displaced medially from the ulnar styloid process and the lower end of the ulna.

In the acute cases oedema was well demonstrated as it disrupted the fascia fat interface. This is in addition to the synovial mass lesion.
Placental Angiography: Review of 43 Cases
Authors: Bloomfield J. A. , Fazackerly B. B. , Rush G. M.
Published: March 2008

A technique for automatic precise timing with a single lateral exposure is described.

Forty‐three mothers were examined without complications, and the placenta was demonstrated in 38.

Thirteen abnormally low placental implantations were diagnosed radiographically, and no placenta praevia was diagnosed when absent or vice versa.

A case of succenturiate lobe is reported.

A plea is made to develop means to relate the placental site to the uterine outline and not to maternal bony landmarks.

The possible influences of uterine contractions on placental filling are outlined.

The safety, accuracy and efficiency of the method are emphasized.
Dosage Prescription in Radiotherapy Using a Slide‐Rule Based on Dose‐Time‐Fractionation Relationships
Authors: Worthley B. W.
Published: March 2008

The analytical foundation and manufacture of a dosage prescription slide rule for use with low L.E.T. radiation is described. The rule may be used with orthovoltage and megavoltage acute fractionated therapies for squamous cell carcinoma, Hodgkin's disease, seminoma, osteosarcoma, etc., for squamous carcinoma treated with interstitial, intracavitary and permanent implant methods with radiation sources of known effective half‐life.

The rule may also be used in the prescription of mixed therapies, e.g. treatments using intracavitary applicators combined with supplementary external beams of X rays. One scale of the rule is easily modified to suit local practice.
Coarctation of the Aorta Late in Life, with Special Reference to a Case Diagnosed by an Unusual Radiological Method
Authors: Syme James
Published: March 2008

Before surgical repair became available, the average life expectancy of a patient with a coarctation in the classical position in the thoracic aorta was 35 years, because of the risk of various potentially fatal complications, which are enumerated. The cases of three patients, living respectively to 70, 61 and 53 years, two with autopsy proof, are reported to emphasize that considerably longer survival is nevertheless possible, with the condition unrecognized, and so unoperated. The need to check the chest film of even an elderly hypertensive patient for possible rib notching is stressed. One accepted complication of a coarctation is subarachnoid haemorrhage from a ruptured cerebral aneurysm, and the case of the third patient reported illustrates that the possibility of such an associated aortic anomaly should not be forgotten when a hypertensive patient suffers such an episode. The method of trans‐femoral catheter angiography employed routinely at the Royal Melbourne Hospital for the investigation of subarachnoid haemorrhage led to the diagnosis, in this case, of an unsuspected coarctation.
Budd‐Chiari Syndrome with Anomalous Hepatic Venous Drainage
Authors: Taft R. D. , Roberts Shirley , McLean K. H.
Published: March 2008

A case of Budd‐Chiari syndrome due to metastatic carcinoma in the liver with an unusual collateral anastomosis demonstrated by inferior vena cavography.
The Curie and the Roentgen as Legal Units of Measurement
Authors: Richardson J. F.
Published: March 2008

It is a peculiar fact about the genesis and growth of new disciplines that too much rigor too early imposed stifles the imagination and stultifies invention. A certain freedom from the strictures of sustained formality tends to promote the development of a subject in its early stages, even if this means the risk of a certain amount of error. Nonetheless, there comes a time in the development of any field when standards of rigor have to be tightened.

The need for quantitative expression of the “activity” of radioactive substances and of the dose received from “exposure” to ionizing radiation has led to the development of appropriate units of measurement. The development of the curie and the roentgen as the “recommended” units of measurement of activity and exposure, respectively, and their later adoption in Australia as legal units, prescribed under the Weights and Measures (National Standards) Act 19WM54, are outlined. The present arrangements for the maintenance of official Australian standards of activity and exposure, measured in terms of the curie and the roentgen, respectively, are indicated.
Goodpasture's Syndrome and Its Radiological Features
Authors: Slonim Leon
Published: March 2008

Goodpasture's syndrome is a disease of young people manifested by haemoptysis, anaemia, pulmonary haemorrhage and renal disease. The radiological features have been described with reports of seven cases demonstrating these features. If treatment is to be beneficial it must be instituted early and therefore it behoves the radiologist to be aware of its radiological features so that he may suggest the possibility to the referring physician in a particular case.
Malignant Disease of the Urinary Bladder
Authors: Sandeman T.
Published: March 2008

Of 290 cases registered as cancer of the bladder at the Peter MacCallum Clinic, 28 were discarded as being wrongly registered or diagnosed, or unable to be assessed in any useful way. Two hundred and sixty‐two cases were reviewed in detail. Symptomatology, sex and age distribution are in no way different from other published series. Attention is drawn to the influence of smoking in lowering the age of onset, this effect being more marked in women. The lack of concomitant lung cancer is felt to be worthy of comment when 12 patients had other malignancies.

The prognosis in relation to sex does not differ, but young patients seem to fare twice as well as old ones.

The importance of pre‐treatment staging and assessment of the histology is emphasized and a set of guide lines as to management is set out.

Survival rates for the overall series show a five‐year figure of 4/40 (10%) for unstaged; 8/31 (23%) for T.O; 6/36 (16%) for T.l; 4/22 (18%) for T.2; 2/20 (10%) for T.3; and 2/76 (2–6%) for T.4.

The determinate figures at five years for radically treated, assessable cases are T.O 7/15 (43%), T.l 6/16 (35%), T.2 4/12 (33%), T.3 2/5 (40%) and T.4 1/6 (17%). Figures suggest that early total cystectomy is indicated for uncontrollable well differentiated mucosal tumours, while radiation alone–or as an electivepreoperative measure–is preferable for poorly or moderately differentiated tumours. Pure squamous or adenocarcinomas are radio‐resistant and seldom operable, but cystectomy is the only treatment likely to be curative. A tendency to squamoid or adenocarcinomatous differentiation, however, is not a sign that radiotherapy will fail. Radiation under hyperbaric oxygenation holds some promise for improving the local clearance of tumour. Cytology may be of some use in selecting follow‐up cases for cystoscopy, but its accuracy requires some improvement.
Some Aspects of Radiation Protection in a Diagnostic Department
Authors: Bennett Robert
Published: March 2008

Increasing complexity of radiological investigations makes it easier for one's radiation protection awareness to be clouded.

“Radiation awareness” must be developed in all members of a department of diagnostic radiology, and some constant reminder built into the daily work pattern is invaluable in maintaining this.

The 57th Session of the National Health and Medical Research Council approved recommendations for radiological examinations in the vicinity of the lower abdomen and pelvis of all women of child‐bearing age to be confined to the ten‐day interval immediately following the onset of menstruation.

How this recommendation has been instituted at the Preston and Northcote Community Hospital in recent years is described.

In addition, how a reminder has been incorporated in the daily work pattern, assisting in maintaining radiation protection discipline, together with the aspect of protection of personnel involved in radiological procedures carried out in operating theatres are discussed.
Differences between Lesions in Cerebral Scanning
Authors: Sephton R. G. , Morley J. Barrie , Steven L. W. , Andrews J. T. , Cornell F. N.
Published: March 2008

This preliminary communication describes an attempt to differentiate varying cerebral lesions by means of brain scanning, utilizing the differences between vascular uptake of isotope in a lesion and permeation of an isotope into it or into the surrounding tissue.

To do this Tc99m was used to indicate vascularity on the early (5–10 minutes post‐injection) scan and permeation effect on the late (one hour or more post‐injection) scan. In addition, In113m was used as a blood‐pool marker to study vascular effects. Initial experience with these techniques is described.
The Digital Sheaths of the Hand
Authors: Weston W. J.
Published: March 2008

The digital sheaths of the hand have been outlined by positive contrast medium using a retrograde percutaneous injection at the level of the base of the proximal phalanx of the finger.

The sheath can be filled adequately with 0–6‐0 ‐6 ml. of 60% Hypaque, except in those cases where the sheath communicates with the sheath of flexor longus pollicis or the palmar ganglion.
Positive Contrast Arthrography of the Normal Mid‐Tarsal Joints
Authors: Weston W. J.
Published: March 2008

The radiological anatomy of the mid‐tarsal joints has been discussed. This includes the calcaneo‐cuboid joint and the anterior talocalcaneo‐navicular joint.

The talo‐calcaneo‐navicular joint has a capacity of 4–5 ml., while the calcaneo‐cuboid joint has a capacity of 1–5 ml. The arthrography pattern of these joints was demonstrated for the first time at post‐mortem. It is the key to successful paracentesis and intra‐articular iniections of steroids.
Lymphatic Filling during Positive Contrast Arthrography in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Weston W. J.
Published: March 2008

During positive contrast arthrography of an elbow in a patient with active rheumatoid arthritis filling of the lymphatic vessels and supra‐trochlear glands was noted.

No previous filling of the lymphatics had been obtained by the author in the hundreds of post‐mortem arthrograms carried out, nor had this been seen in any of the non‐rheumatic cases investigated for internal derangements of the knee or other joints.

This warrants further observation to determine its significance. Is it another indirect sign of rheumatoid arthritis ?
The Os Odontoideum: A Case Report
Authors: Graham C. E. , Himphry P. S.
Published: March 2008

A case of os ndontoidcum is described in an otherwise healthy male, aged “c* years, the presence of which was discovered radiologieallv following investigation of transient paralvsis of the upper limbs caused by a mild blow to the occiput.
Chromosome Aberration following Radiophosphorus Treatment of Polycythaemia
Authors: Barnes C. A. , Holmes H. L. , Ilbery P. L. T.
Published: March 2008

Cytogenetic examination was made of 51 polycythaemic patients. A total of 79 separate chromosome studies were made. Fifty‐six were from patients treated with radiophosphorus and 18 from patients treated by venesection only. Nine examinations were made of bone marrow and the remainder of leucocyte cultures. Accumulated doses of radiophosphorus were in the range 3‐2‐32‐5 mCi. The variation in all types of cytogenetic damage in the first two months after administration of the isotope did not allow early recognition of trends in dose response. After this period an increase in breaks, and possibly all rearrangements, could be recognized. Multiple regression analysis showed that the Cu type of chromosome damage is likely to be the most reliable index of absorbed dose. These in‐vivo studies show that small radiation dose increments of the order of several mCi 32P are detectable in radiation‐treated pdycythaemics by an increase in the yield of dicentrics and rings as compared with untreated polycythaemics. Lymphopoietic stem cells may retain B type damage for periods longer than 20 half‐lives of radiophosphorus. Changes similar to those induced by radiation were seen in a small number of cases treated by radiw mimetic therapy. Aneuploidy was a consistent finding in the treated cases. Two clearlydefined hypomodal clones with the absence of one or two C group chromosomes were seen in the only case of acute leukaemia in the series. This paticnt had received 28.5 mCi 32SP. Cytogenetic damage was randomly distributed throughout the chromosome groups of all patients.
Extrasellar Adenohypophyseal Tissue in the Female*
Authors: Mc.Grath Philomena
Published: March 2008

Complete elimination of adenohypophyseal hormones is considered to be of value in some cases of mammary cancer. Destruction of the central control of the production of adenohypophyseal hormones is unlikely to be effective. Destruction of the adenohypophyseal cells themselves must be complete. Adenohypophyseal cells are both intra‐ and extrasellar. A collection of adenohypophyseal cells known as the pharyngeal hypophysis is of appreciable size and proven activity. In the female the pharyngeal hypophysis responds to ageing by marked hypertrophy. If the aim of an hypo‐physectomy is the complete destruction of all active adenohypophyseal cells, both intra‐and extra‐sellar, a direct attack must be made on the pharyngeal hypophysis.
Pulmonary Embolism as a Complication of Ventriculoatrial Shunt
Authors: Valr P. E. , Morris J. G. , Mc.Rae J.
Published: March 2008

A case of pulmonary embolism and septicaemia complicating ventriculoatrial shunt in an adult is reported. The incidence and significance of these complications is discussed and a brief review of the literature is presented.

Perfusion lung scanning is of value in detecting pulmonary embolism in these patients, and may prove to be useful in their routine follow‐up.
Utilization of Regional Resources for Undergraduate and Postgraduate Diagnostic Radiological Teaching in a Smaller Medical Centre
Authors: MacEwan D. W. , Macpherson R. I. , Lansdown E. L.
Published: March 2008

A smaller, and somewhat remote, medical centre is endeavouring to improve its teaching and investigation by better utilization of all its regional resources. The activities and organizational structure are briefly reviewed.
Some Radiological Features of the Cranial Fossae
Authors: Chambers Cyril H.
Published: March 2008

Using radio‐opaque wire and strips of thin lead, some of the anatomical features of the cranial fossae of dried skulls were examined radiographically and the findings correlated with the gross anatomy.

Standard radiographic projections were used and several films were taken with the skull positioned in the Broadbent‐Bolton cephalo‐meter.

A detailed knowledge of the anatomy of the cranial fossae is essential to accurately assess skull fractures and pathological bone changes.
The Radiology of Ischaemic Colitis
Authors: Sherbon K. J.
Published: March 2008

Ischaemic colitis is at present the most widely accepted name for vascular disorders of the colon.

While individual signs in plain films and barium enemas may suggest this disease, the most important radiological findings are the changes in the colon in serial barium enema examinations.

The consideration of the clinical features and the barium enema findings together may make the diagnosis almost certain.

Because ischaemic colitis may occur with or without demonstrable vascular occlusion, the place of arteriography in the management of this disease is doubtful.
The Archives of the College: The Radium Certificates in the Sear Collection
Authors: Owen Morris D.
Published: March 2008

Summary

Of approximately 7,000 radium certificates issued by Madame Curie, the details of seven are in the Sear Collection in the College Archives; one of these is the original certificate bearing Marie Curie's signature.
An Unusual Result from Cross‐Compression in Carotid Angiography
Authors: Syme James
Published: March 2008

Summary

When an aneurysm of the intracranial portion of the internal carotid artery is demonstrated at common carotid angiography performed by needle puncture, it may not be possible to produce satisfactory cross‐circulation by needling the opposite carotid, and yet there may be adequate clinical indication for common carotid ligation. If the age of the patient contra‐indicates a selective transfemoral approach, the desired result is sometimes achieved at a further cross‐compression study after catheterization of the common carotid contralateral to the aneurysm. A case is reported of an unusual complication of this latter procedure, involving transient syncope, bradycardia and hypotension, with a brief generalized epileptiform seizure. The angiogram made showed not only excellent cross‐circulation, but also reflux of contrast into the basilar and both vertebral arteries, an unexpected finding in the sexagenarian patient concerned. The possible mechanism is discussed, with particular reference to the role of the contrast medium and untoward effects of carotid palpation and compression.
A Simple Patient Dose Calculator for Radiographic Exposures
Authors: Williamson B. D. P.
Published: March 2008

Summary

The parameters determining the radiation dose to the skin of the patient in radiographic exposures are discussed as a basis for the development of a simple, easily‐operated calculator. The calculator itself and fnstructions for its use are available from the National Radiation Laboratory, Christchurch, New Zealand.
Undergraduate Radiological Anatomy
Authors: Chambers Cyril H.
Published: March 2008

Summary

The methods of teaching undergraduate radiological anatomy in the University of Melbourne are discussed in detail, including some of the problems associated with the current programme. Radiological anatomy must be kept in its correct perspective of teaching gross anatomy as portrayed in a radiograph, and if the fundamental principles are understood the students have a sound basis upon which pathological radiology can be taught during their clinical instructions.
Tendon Sheaths and Bursae Involved by Rheumatoid Disease at the Foot and Ankle
Authors: Palmer D. G.
Published: March 2008

Summary

The involvement by rheumatoid disease of bursae and tendon sheaths at the ankle and in the foot has been described from the clinical, radiological and pathological aspects. Over a period of time involvement of most of the tendon sheaths in the region was demonstrated by positive contrast tenosynogaphy. A rheumatoid tenosynovitis was commonly found to be responsible for local symptoms, but complications were of less importance than in the hand. Rheumatoid bursitis was of clinical importance in the foot. Accurate recognition of these lesions is a prerequisite in management.
Rhabdomyosarcoma: A Study of 27 Cases, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne 1954–1968
Authors: Santamaria J. N. , Colebatch J. H. , Cahmpbell P. E. , Santamaria J. N.
Published: March 2008

Summary

We have reviewed 27 cases of RMS seen at the Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, ovei a 15—year period (1954–1968).

The uro‐genital tract was the commonest site of RMS in our series, and this site carried the shortest median survival time of all forms of RMS.

A study of reported cases in adults over the same period indicated that RMS was under‐diagnosed in adults.

Our data suggested that survival is prolonged when the management of RMS includes chemotherapy.
Communication in Diagnostic Radiology
Authors: Fischer Harry W.
Published: March 2008

Communication in the diagnostic radiology department in regard to the current work load has been discussed with certain recommendations being made to increase efficiency. The need for improvement in communication equipment and techniques is necessitated by problems facing diagnostic radiology today.
An unusual presentation of Cervical Block Vertebrae
Authors: Johnson C. , Penry J. B. , Burwood R. J.
Published: March 2008

The authors present a case of congenital block vertebra held to have become involved in Paget's disease of bone. No similar case is known to exist in the medical literature. The review records the distinguishing features between the Klippel‐Feil Syndrome and congenital block vertebrae and between congenital and acquired vertebral fusion.
Paget's Disease of Bone (Osteitis Deformans) Amongst the West Malaysians
Authors: Soo Y. S. , Singh J.
Published: March 2008

Paget's disease of bone is known to be rare amongst the Asians. Three cases with characteristic radiological features are presented to illustrate die existence of this condition in West Malaysia. Their clinical and radiological manifestations are similar to what is usually seen in Caucasians.
The Folded Breast Prosthesis A New Clinical and Radiological Entity
Authors: Slonim Leon , Hueston John T.
Published: March 2008

A new clinical entity and a new associated radiological sign are presented following discovery of a lump in the breast of a patient after a prosthetic insertion. “The folded breast sign”, visible on mammography, enables a precise diagnosis.

A case is presented of a lump appearing in “the breast” after augmentation mammo‐plasty. The value of mammography is demonstrated, providing a definitive diagnosis of a fold in the prosthesis and obviating further surgical intervention.
Clinical Applications of the Short Lived Radioisotopes
Authors: Ogiso Akira
Published: March 2008

99m Tc and 113m In are much harmless to the patients than the other radioisotopes, such as 198Au, 131I, 203Hg, etc., since their half lives are shorter. So that they can be given in much more doses and used broadly in scanning the brain, lung, liver, spleen, kidney, placenta, bone marrow, cardiac pool, etc. 113m In is produced from 113Sn‐113mIn generator by milking and due to its short half life, the generator can be eluted several times a day, and can be used for a long time, even more than 6 months, because the half life of 113Sn is 118 days long.

The simplified preparation of reliable scanning agents is made possible by use of a closed generator system and pre‐sterilized vials containing the appropriate chemicals to make the specific radio‐pharmaceuticals.

Liver scanning with 113mIn(OH)3‐colloids was tried on 70 cases, such as hepatitis, cirrhosis, tumors, etc.

The liver uptake of injected 113mIn(OH)3‐colloids intravenously was 85% on an average in normal cases, and liver radiation dose from 2mCi 113mIn(OH)3‐colloids was about 0.85 rads.

Contamination of 113Sn in 113mIn was identified with hematoxylin method, and it was less than 0.003% in concentration. This amount raises no problem in its practical use.
Unclassified Osteochondrodysplasia With 14 Years' Observation Time
Authors: Kozlowski K. , Walter W. K.
Published: March 2008

A 14½‐year‐old boy with undifferentiated osteochondrodysplasia was described.

Shortening of the long bones with metaphyseal flaring were the most important radiographic findings in the newborn period.

The dynamic nature of the changes–regression of the metaphyseal flaring and development of other deformities with age (uneven shortening of the long bones, platyspondyly of the thoracic spine, narrowing of the inter‐pedicular distances in the lower thoracic and lumbar spine, hypoplasia of the knee epiphyses with valgus deformity and peculiar shape of pelvis and jaw) have been stressed.

This case represents well the unpredictability of bone changes in undifferentiated osteochondrodysplasia of the newborn.
The Skull Vault In Neonates And Infants
Authors: Stokes N. J. , Cremin B. J.
Published: March 2008

The interpretation of the neonatal skull often presents considerable difficulties to the general radiologist. Two requirements are essential; firstly, satisfactory films and secondly, a knowledge of the variability of normal. Until this is appreciated the differentiation of normal fissures from fractures, and a critical appraisal of sutures is not possible. The common variabilities seen in the newborn skull are demonstrated.
Vertebral Angiography In Bilateral VIII Cranial Nerve Tumours A Report Of A Case
Authors: Foley W. D. , Dan N. G.
Published: March 2008

A case of von Recklinghausen's disease displaying the uncommon clinical feature of extensive central and peripheral involvement is described. Vertebral angiography was chosen as the initial investigation to define the extent of the suspected bilateral acoustic tumours because of the presence of papilledema. The angiographic study outlined bilateral extracanalicular tumours. The relative merits of catheter angiography and posterior fossa myelography (using negative or positive contrast media) in this situation are discussed.
An Unusual Complication Of Selective Renal Angiography A case presentation
Authors: Engberg Anders , Erikson Uno , Killander Andreas , Persson Rune , Wicklund Harriet
Published: March 2008

An unusual intimal injury occurring in a renal artery at selective renal angiography is described. The examination was performed as part of the routine investigation of hypertension in a 33‐year‐old otherwise healthy para‐II woman. The injury was repaired surgically. Repeated follow‐up isotope scintigraphy examinations and intravenous urography show that function in the affected kidney has probably returned.
Larsen's Syndrome Congenital Dislocation Of Multiple Large Joints Of The Extremities Associated With An Unusual Flat Fades
Authors: Azimi Farhad , Edeiken Jack , Macewen G. Dean
Published: March 2008

Larsen's syndrome, first reported in 1950, is characterised by a flattened fades, congenital dislocation of multiple large joints and foot deformities. The mental development is normal. A child who fulfills the criteria for this diagnosis is reported. This is a rare congenital disorder of unknown etiology, although its clinical recognition is rather easy.
Radiographic Findings In Larsen's Syndrome
Authors: Kozlowski K. , Robertson F. , Middleton R.
Published: March 2008

Radiographic changes in four cases of Larsen's syndrome have been described. This is a rare syndrome characterised by multiple bilateral joint dislocations, positional deformities of the feet and hands, finger abnormalities, scoliosis and peculiar facies. The disease should be recognised on the basis of clinical findings. The radiographic examination is highly diagnostic.
Selective Renal Angiography in Renal Failure Due to Infection
Authors: Arthachinta Sillawat , Sitprija Visith , Kashemsant Udomporn
Published: March 2008

Selective renal angiography was carried out in 9 patients with renal failure due to infection. Six patients had leptospirosis, two had E. coli septicemia and one had falciparum malaria. In all cases the pathological diagnosis was tubular necrosis. Evidence of cortical ischemia, characterized by distinct visualization of fine vascular distribution without veiling of the nephrographic effect, loss of the normal zone of corticomedullary distinction and poor maximum nephrographic density, was demonstrated in all cases. Proximal renal arterial constriction was shown in cases of septicemia, while in leptospirosis and malaria the proximal arterial trees appeared normal. These changes were reversible in 6 cases which were followed. In each case there was positive correlation between the creatinine clearance and nephrographic density.
Giant Hypertrophy Of The Gastric Rugae And Menétrier's Disease A Search In Sydney
Authors: Broadfoot E.
Published: March 2008

A search of the medical records of Sydney teaching hospitals for the last ten years revealed only one histologically proven case of Menétrier's disease. This patient, after partial gastrectomy, remains well six years later.
Solitary Gastric Varix
Authors: Williams D. R. , Paull A. , Grant A. Kerr , Tucker W. G.
Published: March 2008

A case of bleeding from an isolated gastric varix is described in a patient with chronic alcoholic liver disease but without splenomegaly or demonstrable oesophageal varices. The value of splenoportography in the diagnosis of gastric varices is emphasised.
When should we send in our rads to bat alone?
Authors: Harvey N. D.
Published: March 2008

Is radiotherapy always good enough by itself?

If not, when not, and what other treatment, if any, should be added, and by whom?

These questions and some answers are discussed as they affect individual radiotherapists and the Royal Australasian College of Radiologists.
Angiographic Findings in Cerebrovascular Accidents Complicating Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: Ng. K.K. , Singham K. T.
Published: March 2008

Cerebral arteriographic findings in three patients with congenital heart disease complicated by cerebrovascular accidents are presented. As the series is small, it is not possible to show predilection of occlusion of any particular cerebral vessel. It is postulated that slowing of the cerebral circulation as well as polycythaemia and hypoxia were responsible for the cerebrovascular occlusion in one of our patients. The pathogenesis of the cerebrovascular occlusion in the other two patients with left‐to‐right shunt is not clear as none of these three factors was present.
Angiographic Features of Congenital Aortic Stenosis
Authors: Hoeffel J.C. , Gengler L. , Henry M. , Mentre B. , Pernot C.
Published: March 2008

Selective left ventriculography is essential in making the diagnosis of valvular aortic stenosis and discrete subvalvular stenosis. Selective aortography gives further information about these stenoses and defines the anatomy of the sinuses of Valsalva and the aortic valves.

It is also essential to investigate multiple aortic stenosis and obstructive cardiomyopathy of the left ventricle which is a frequent associated anomaly whose prognostic significance is difficult to evaluate.
Oral Radiological Evaluation of the Biliary Tract
Authors: Jones Brian E.
Published: March 2008

In 134 examinations the author compared three oral cholecystcholangiographic methods:

The fractionated method. Biloptin 12 hours prior and solu biloptin 3 hours prior to the examination.

Telepaque. 12 hours prior to the examination.

Solu Biloptin (double dose). 12 hours prior to the examination.

All three methods gave satisfactory gallbladder visualisation. However, the following advantages of the fractionated method became evident:

Lower incidence of non opacifying gallbladders (patent gallbladder with damaged mucosa will now show).

Higher incidence of delineation of hepatic bile flowing down the common duct thus increasing the diagnostic significance of non visualised gallbladders.

Higher incidence of record of common duct calibre–useful evidence of partial obstruction if dilated and of possible future use in the event of recurrence of symptoms post‐operatively.

Whiteside (1961) emphasised visualisation of the duct calibre. For this purpose 10 mm diameter was taken as the upper limit of normality (Le Quesne, Whiteside and Hand).
Roentgenographs Features in Antibiotic‐Associated Pseudomembranous Colitis
Authors: Cho Kyung J. , Ting Y. M. , Chuang Vincent P. , Lee Inkyu
Published: March 2008

Four patients with pseudomembranous colitis, related to antibiotic therapy, had a wide spectrum of radiographic features. These ranged from mild, focal areas of mucosal irregularity to widespread involvement of the colon. The extensive mucosal irregularity at barium enema is caused by plaque‐like elevated pseudomem‐branes studding the mucosal surface and aopears to be a specific radiographic finding. Dissection of barium under the pseudo‐membranes and intramural gas was observed in these patients. Case 2 had a complicated, massive colonic bleeding, unresponsive to pitressin infusion. Although pseudomembranous colitis is a well established pathological entity, the precise pathogenesis is still uncertain. Recently, an increasing number of patients have been described with antibiotic‐associated pseudomembranous colitis. The disease is also known to occur as a complication of colonic obstruction, staphylococcal overgrowth, following abdominal surgery and in generalized debilitating diseases, such as uremia, lymphoma and leukemia.

We have examined four patients with pseudomembranous colitis associated with antibiotic therapy. A wide range of roentgenographs abnormalities was observed in these patients.
Barium Enema Study in Pelvic Abscess
Authors: Piyachon Chaliow , VAjaraponse Kaesorn , Chienpradit Kalaya
Published: March 2008

Barium enema examination of 9 patients with pelvic abscess reveals characteristic findings: 1. Compression of the rectum and sigmoid colon, causing narrowing in the antero‐posterior dimension. Severe compression occurs at the pelvic brim where the sigmoid lies over the promontory of sacrum and the left sacro‐iliac wing. 2. No elevation of the sigmoid loop, but superior stretching of the distal sigmoid may be observed. 3. Presence of transverse mucosal folds and serrated margins. Longitudinal folds due to pleating and stretching may be seen at the maximum compression site over the promontory of sacrum. The involved segment is not less than 5 cm in length and shows limited collapsibility and distensibility. In most cases, after treatment, the colonic changes return to normal within 2 to 4 weeks. Barium enema has proved to be helpful for correct diagnosis and proper management in these patients.
Renal Echography
Authors: Duffy Peter , Ryan James , Aldous Wendy
Published: March 2008

Echography is complementary to conventional uroradiological examination. Mass lesions should be examined by ultrasound to discover their nature–cystic or solid–and to determine which definitive diagnostic examination (cyst puncture or angiography) will be indicated. Multiple cystic and polycystic kidneys, hydronephrosis and renal transplants have been demonstrated. Such examinations have been fitted into the routine workload of an obstetrics unit.
Ultrasonic Evaluation of Pelvic Masses
Authors: Curran John E. , Maklad Nabil F. , III Enrique V. Bouffard
Published: March 2008

Seventy‐two patients with pelvic mass lesions were examined by B‐mode ultrasonic scanning. In 30 of these patients, a specific diagnosis was obtained either by operation, biopsy or laparo‐scopy, and the present study is based on these patients. Echographic features of various pelvic mass lesions are described. The procedure is safe, non‐invasive and universally acceptable to the patients referred for examination.
Incomplete Urethral Duplication
Authors: Morrison Ian S. , Sprague Paul L.
Published: March 2008

A case of incomplete accessory urethra is reported with the external opening of the accessory channel appearing on the gians penis. There is an apparent attempt at duplication of the glans penis.
Rupture of the Knee Joint in Rheumatoid Arthritis A Reminder in Differential Diagnosis
Authors: Smurthwaite W. A.
Published: March 2008

The causes of rupture of the knee joint into the tissues of the calf are reviewed with a demonstration of the appearances at arthrography. Evidence of knee joint pathology does not appear to be necessary. The best way to diagnose this cause of painful calf is to remember that the possibility exists.
Radioisotope Perfusion and Ventilation Studies in Bronchial Hilar Neoplasia
Authors: Grant R. W. , Ackery Duncan , Ameratunga Bertie
Published: March 2008

A patient with unexplained haemoptysis for one year was eventually shown to have a hilar bronchial carcinoma. The radioisotope scan showed a marked loss of regional perfusion in the affected lung when the radiograph was still almost normal. The value of the scan in the early diagnosis of bronchial hilar neoplasia is discussed.
Achondrogenesis A clinical and radiological report
Authors: Ho Nai‐Kiong , Tan Grace
Published: March 2008

Achondrogenesis is a rare form of short‐limbed dwarfism which is invariably lethal. This is the first reported case of achondrogenesis in Singapore. As most newborns with a large head and short limbs were assumed to have achondroplasia, the importance of radiological studies of short‐limbed dwarfism is stressed. Recognition of achondrogenesis has also an important implication in genetic counselling as present evidence suggests that it is an autosomal recessive disorder.
A Case of Spinal Arteriovenous Malformation: The Value of Selective Spinal Angiography in its Management
Authors: Ng K. K. , Vignaendra Velupillay
Published: March 2008

A 39‐year‐old male presented with progressive lower limb weakness and “pins and needles” sensations in his buttocks for 1 year. On examination he had weakness and impaired sensation in both lower limbs, absent lower limb tendon reflexes and bilateral extensor plantar responses. Selective spinal arteriography revealed an extensive spinal arteriovenous malformation on the dorsal surface of the cord extending from the upper lumbar to the thoracic region with a feeder vessel at T12 vertebral level. We discuss the value of selective spinal arteriography in the diagnosis and management of a spinal arteriovenous malformation.
Hodgkin's Disease: An Evaluation of Staging Laparotomy in 82 Patients
Authors: Roberts S. J. , Roeser H. P. , Kynaston B. , Whitaker S. V. , Hocker G. A. , Battersby A. C.
Published: March 2008

The findings of staging laparotomies in 82 patients with Hodgkin's Disease are presented. Sub‐diaphragmatic disease was discovered in 30 patients, the spleen being the most common site of involvement (26 patients). Staging was advanced in 23 patients and reduced in 3, with consequent changes in the treatment plan of these patients. In a further 4 patients, treatment was altered by the distribution of the subdiaphragmatic disease discovered, without any change in stage.

Lymphangiography was found to be an unreliable staging procedure. This was largely due to the frequent presence of disease in areas outside the lymphangiographic field spleen, mesenteric and coeliac nodes) rather than to inaccuracy of the procedure itself.

Correlation of laparotomy findings with presenting sites of disease failed to identify any patient group which, on clinical grounds, had a low probability of abdominal involvement and might thus be spared a laparotomy.

No patient died as a result of the operation. Post‐operative morbidity (3 major, 8 minor complications) was considered acceptable in view of the value of the information obtained to patient management.
The Radiological Features of Brain Abscess in Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: Ng K. K. , Wong W. K. , Raju L.
Published: March 2008

The radiological diagnosis and localisation of nine cases of brain abscess complicating congenital heart disease is presented. The pathogenesis of brain abscess in congenital heart disease is briefly discussed. The need to have a high index of suspicion of brain abscess in all cases of congenital heart disease with focal neurological signs or clinical evidence of raised intracranial pressure is emphasised. The importance of early radiological diagnosis and localisation of brain abscesses followed by early treatment is stressed. The ideal surgical management of all cases of congenital heart disease which may or may not have had complicating brain abscess, is total correction of the underlying cardiac defect, thereby preventing this serious cerebral complication as well as improving the circulatory efficiency.
Radiological Changes in the Chest in Malignant Trophoblastic Disease
Authors: Ang A. H. , Chan W. F.
Published: March 2008

18 of 22 patients with malignant trophoblastic disease had radiological evidence of intrathoracic metastases. Of these 18 patients, 10 presented with pulmonary symptoms, 1 with cerebral symptoms, 1 with pulmonary and cerebral symptoms. 3 patients were asymptomatic and were discovered to have pulmonary metastases on the chest radiograph in the course of follow‐up for recent molar pregnancy. Only three patients presented with gynaecological symptoms.

The findings on the chest radiograph included discrete intrapulmonary nodules in 15 patients, pleural elfusions in 2 patients, a hilar mass in 1 patient, confiuent opacities in 1 patient and miliary mottling in 1 patient.

Other radiological features reported in the literature are those of pulmonary hypertension, pulmonary infarction, paramediastinal mass and pulmonary calcification.

In view of the success of chemotherapy in some of these advanced cases, the possibility of trophoblastic malignancy should be borne in mind whenever these radiological appearances are encountered in young female patients, especially those presenting with haemoptysis or cerebral symptoms, even in the absence of overt pelvic disease.