bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Arquitetura para difusão do esporte: Calistenia e Street Workout em Bauru-SP
Authors: Scudeller Dametto Lucas , Dias da Silva Wilton
Published: April 2024

A calistenia é uma modalidade de esporte que já existe há séculos, onde os gregos a utilizavam como forma de treinamento físico a partir do próprio peso corporal, visando assim, uma melhoria na beleza e na força do individuo. Já o street workout, significa treino de rua, ou seja, são exercícios que utilizam equipamentos que se encontram em áreas públicas. Porém em território nacional o esporte ainda é pouco difundido e existem pouquíssimas academias ou ginásios que são voltados ao esporte em questão. Com a crescente demanda por locais visando o condicionamento físico, a arquitetura desempenha papel fundamental no envolvimento do usuário com o ambiente esportivo. A maneira como percebemos e sentimos os elementos em nosso entorno é afetado diretamente pela arquitetura do local, podendo fazer com que nos atraía ou nos afaste. Dessa forma, por meio deste trabalho será apresentado como a arquitetura pode contribuir com a difusão do esporte, através do desenvolvimento do projeto de um espaço wellness que contemplará uma academia de calistenia e street workout, onde será agregada em sua estrutura elementos técnicos, assim como estratégias arquitetônicas trabalhando a imersividade visando a atração e envolvimento do público alvo.
Arte ZR4: Centro de Cultura Infantil
Authors: Anielli Soares Luiza , Dias da Silva Wilton
Published: April 2024

Os projetos sociais têm o importante papel de proporcionar conhecimento e diferentesalternativas para pessoas em situações como a vulnerabilidade e a exclusão social. Quandoatividades educacionais e culturais são introduzidas, logo na infância, há maior probabilidade detransformação do individuo, assim contribuindo na sua formação como cidadão. O presenteartigo desenvolveu um projeto de um centro cultural destinado às crianças em situação devulnerabilidade social em um bairro carente da Zona Oeste (ZR4) da cidade de Bauru/SP. Assim,criou-se um local de difusão cultural oferecendo espaços de qualidade para o desenvolvimentodas crianças, pois elas são umas das principais vítimas dos problemas sociais, já que seencontram em posição de total dependencia e subordinação aos seus pais ou responsáveis.
Placenta percreta management in a rural setting: a case report
Authors: Dr Shailesh Prasad Shrestha  , Bibek Bhandari
Published: April 2024

Placenta accreta spectrum, formerly known as morbidly adherent placenta, refers to the range of pathologic adherence of the placenta. Placenta accreta spectrum is a complicated pregnancy linked to significant maternal and fetal health risks. There should be high suspicion for placenta accreta spectrum in previous cesarean delivery to early diagnose and treat the condition. Placenta accreta spectrum can be classified into three groups: placenta accreta, where the villi attach to the myometrium; placenta increta, where the villi invade the myometrium; and placenta percreta, where the villi penetrate the entire thickness of the myometrium. We report a case of placenta percreta who underwent cesarean hysterectomy while working in a resource-limited setting of rural Nepal.
Perceived Stigma Towards Mental Health Illness and Help-Seeking Behavior among Bachelor Level Students: A Mixed Method Study
Authors: Chhetri Yamuna , Bhandary Shital
Published: April 2024

Introduction: Nepal struggles with stigma and discrimination against people with mental disorders. Mental illness is still viewed negatively by general people. The stigma is recognized as a significant public health issue and a major reason for the lower help-seeking behavior. This study aimed to find factors associated with students' perceived stigma towards mental health illness and help-seeking behavior in selected colleges of Lalitpur district using a mixed methods approach.

Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 62 bachelor-level students of two selected colleges of Lalitpur district. Six in-depth interviews were conducted for the qualitative study. Concurrent mixed-method triangulation design was used. Chi-square test and Braun and Clarke’s six-step thematic analysis was used to explore the factor associated with perceived mental health stigma and help-seeking behavior of students. The results of quantitative and qualitative findings were triangulated.

Result: Out of 62 participants, 53.23% participants have a high perceived stigma towards mental illness and 48.39% participants have good help-seeking behavior. Age, ethnicity, and faculty were significantly associated with perceived stigma. Likewise, friends or relatives with mental health issues had a significant association with help-seeking. Results from the triangulation of findings identified age and friends or relatives with mental health issues as convergent factors. Ethnicity, educational faculty, sex as divergent findings and innovative media strategies, and widespread dissemination of mental health knowledge as expansive findings.

Conclusion: The factors affecting mental health stigma and help-seeking are age, ethnicity, faculty, and friends or relatives with mental health issues.

Keywords: Mental health, stigma, help-seeking, students, Nepal
Knowledge regarding diabetes and its medication among patients with diabetes mellitus visiting Okhaldhunga Community Hospital, Okhaldhunga
Authors: Bom Rabin , Pal Anjila , Shakya Namo Buddha
Published: April 2024

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is an emerging worldwide health problem. Nepal is a developing country where most of the people reside in rural areas. This study was done to assess the knowledge regarding diabetes and its medication among patients with diabetes mellitus visiting Okhaldhunga Community Hospital, Okhaldhunga, in the rural eastern part of Nepal.
 
Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted among the diabetes mellitus patients presenting to Okhaldhunga Community Hospital during the period of 5 months (January 18 to June 18, 2019). Informed and written consent was taken from the patients followed by interviews and questionnaires. Data was entered in Microsoft Excel 10 and analyzed using SPSS version 16.0.
 
Result: A total of 74 patients were included in the study of which 48.6% were male and 51.4% female. Most of the diabetic patients were in the age group of 50-59 years. The study shows that 98.6% had inadequate knowledge and 1.4% had moderate knowledge about diabetes mellitus. 2.8% had moderate knowledge and 97.2% had inadequate knowledge about anti-diabetic medication. A total of 32.4% of patients did not know the name of their anti-diabetic medications and 18.9% of patients did not know the time of intake of their anti-diabetic medications. A total of 75.7% of patients did not know the side effects of their anti-diabetic medications.
 
Conclusion: Knowledge of diabetes and its medication among diabetes patients is inadequate. Healthcare providers should focus on the necessity and importance of awareness programs, patient counseling, and education to improve knowledge on diabetes.
Epidemiological profile of patients visiting private family medicine clinic in Kathmandu, Nepal
Authors: Thapa Ashish , Amatya Anugya , Parajuli Roshan
Published: April 2024

Introduction: There are a lot of evidence supporting the important role of Family Physician/General Practitioner in the prevention of illness and death. In Nepal, Family Physicians are mostly limited to the Emergency Departments in the urban settings. The concept of Family Physician led primary care in urban setting is not known to most of the patient population. This study was conducted to know about the epidemiological profile of those patients visiting a family medicine clinic.
 
Method: An observational, cross-sectional, quantitative study was conducted in a Family Physician lead primary care clinic in urban Nepal. All the patients attending the clinic for consultation from July 2023 to October 2023 were included in the study. Semi-structured questionnaire was used for the data collection. Data was then entered in MS EXCEL and analysis was done using Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 16.
 
Result: Total of 195 patients attended the clinic. The mean age of the patients was 46.01 ± 15.285 years. 52% of them were males whereas 48% were females. 12 out of 195 came for medical certificate and 183 of them came for consultation. Diabetes mellitus, Hypothyroidism and general health checkup were the top three reasons for consultation. Only six patients were from outside Kathmandu Valley. Majority of the patient population were from 31 – 40 age group.
 
Conclusion: Average of two to three patients attended the clinic per day. There was equal male female distribution. Majority of the patients were from bread earners age group. Family physicians can have significant effect on the preventive and promotive aspect of health care and continued care for chronic diseases.
Exploring the perspectives of health professionals in a rural district hospital in Achham, Nepal on the role of daily continuing medical education (CME)
Authors: Gauchan Bikash , Upreti Apil , Upreti Amit , Sjherchan Rekha , Schwarz Dan
Published: April 2024

Introduction: A rural district hospital in Achham district of Nepal has daily continuing medical education (CME) sessions. These sessions are attended by health professionals from different departments providing healthcare services. This study aims to explore the perspectives of health professionals in a rural district hospital in Achham of Nepal on the role of daily CME on the quality of clinical care and on their professional development in order to find the impact of daily CME.
 
Method: A qualitative study was conducted in a rural district hospital in Achham, Nepal. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 10 participants who were health professionals, aged 20-60 years old and recruited through a convenience sampling method in 2020. The data were analyzed using thematic content analysis (TCA).
 
Result: All the participants shared the importance, strengths, and challenges of daily CME sessions and recommended to improve the CME sessions. All the participants had clear perceptions of positive impact of daily CME to refresh their knowledge, create a learning environment, improve presentation and speaking skills, learn clinical protocols, improve their professional development, share ideas to improve patient care and create a platform to share quality improvement steps. The diverse educational background of health professionals, CME curriculum, and time allocation of physicians for CME sessions remain challenges of daily CME. The participants recommended to add more topics in the CME curriculum and revise CME facilitation methods.
 
Conclusion: District hospitals in rural Nepal can conduct daily CME sessions to upgrade the clinical knowledge and skills of health professionals and improve clinical services. Further studies are required to establish robust evidence about the impact of daily CME sessions.
Venesection in Hypovolemic shock
Authors: Kshetri Samir , Dhami Keshav Singh , Oli Bikram , KC Rajendra , Kakshapati Neelam
Published: April 2024

A 20-year-old female, a referred case, from health post presented to emergency department of Manthali hospital Ramechhap, with history of loose watery stool and vomiting for 4 days. On primary survey examination - Airway; patent with no c-spine tenderness, Breathing; no chest retractions, no obvious injury, oxygen saturation was 94% in room air. Pulse was 160 beats per minute, feeble; blood pressure was not recordable; cold clammy and bluish discoloration of skin was noted. Intravenous cannulation was tried but could not succeed. GCS= 15/15, bilateral pupil was round, regular and reactive, there was no focal neurological deficit. Multiple prick mark for intravenous cannulation was seen. With appropriate counselling and consent, vein-section was done. An incision of about three centimeters was given just one centimeter above left medial malleolus. A 16-gauze intravenous cannula was inserted at left long saphenous vein and fixed with prolene 2. Eight pint of warm normal saline and one pint of Haemaccel was transfused. After stabilizing her bluish limbs turned into pink; her sadness turned into happiness. She was referred to higher center and was admitted for 4 days and discharged with a diagnosis of acute gastroenteritis with prerenal acute kidney injury(resolved). Gastrointestinal losses like diarrhea and vomiting can lead into hypovolemic shock which is fatal. Fluid resuscitation is the mainstay of therapy in patients with severe hypovolemia.
Over-the-Counter Sales of Antimicrobials and Factors Associated with It Among Private Pharmacies in Ward-32 of Kathmandu Metropolitan City: A Pilot Study
Authors: Koirala Prakriti , Bhandary Shital
Published: April 2024

Introduction: Over-the-counter sales of antimicrobials are contributing to the increasing burden of anti-microbial resistance. This mixed-method study aims to assess the practice of over-the-counter sales of antimicrobials by private pharmacies and factors associated with it from the perspective of both the private pharmacy staff and the community people to produce more enriched and valid findings through triangulation of results from quantitative and qualitative studies.
 
Method: A cross-sectional, concurrent triangulation mixed method approach was used. Participants were selected purposively, including 30 exit interviews from 5 pharmacies and 6 qualitative interviews. Descriptive statistics and Fisher’s exact test were done for quantitative analysis. Braun and Clarke’s six steps of thematic analysis were followed for qualitative data analysis.
 
Result: Qualitative findings illuminated the repercussions of antibiotic misuse, stressing the imperative need for patient education, responsible prescribing, and regulatory measures. Identified factors included self-medication practices, familial influence, profit-driven pharmacies, easy access, healthcare system challenges, prescription barriers, and unregulated OTC sales. Quantitative results validated these, with 53.3% obtaining antibiotics without prescriptions. Key factors contributing to this trend included profit-motivated pharmacies (p=0.014), self-medication (p=0.014), the presence of a doctor in the pharmacy (p=0.005), and fear of losing customers (p=0.046).
 
Conclusion: The integrated findings underscore urgent need to address antimicrobial misuse to curtail unnecessary expenses, adverse health effects, and the looming threat of antibiotic resistance. Comprehensive interventions are crucial to mitigate unwarranted costs, health risks, and the emergence of antimicrobial resistance, emphasizing the significance of a multifaceted approach in safeguarding global public health.
Evaluating the Effectiveness of E-Government Platforms in East Africa
Authors:   Department of Publication and Extension Kampala International University Uganda, Nnenna Ugwu Jovita , Perpetua Ugwuanyi Ifeoma ,   Department of Educational Management Enugu State University of Science and Technology, Enugu Nigeria, Nchaga Asuma Mariita ,   Department of Public Administration Kampala International University Uganda, Hadijah Tushabe ,   Department of Public Administration Kampala International University Uganda, Mabonga Eric ,   Accounting and Finance, Kampala International University, Uganda, Nyamboga Tom Ongesa ,   Accounting and Finance, Kampala International University, Uganda
Published: April 2024

This review evaluates the effectiveness of e-government platforms in East Africa, analyzing their impact, challenges, and best practices. It examines evaluation frameworks, adaptation for the region, and key performance indicators (KPIs). Case studies from Kenya, Uganda, Rwanda, and Ethiopia illustrate successes and hurdles. Socioeconomic, technological, and organizational factors affecting effectiveness are discussed, alongside policy implications. Recommendations encompass infrastructure enhancement, digital literacy promotion, user experience improvement, and capacity building. Future research suggestions aim to optimize e-government's role in fostering sustainable development in East Africa. Keywords: E-government, East Africa, Effectiveness, Evaluation frameworks, Digital governance
Impact of Digital Governance on Public Service Delivery in East Africa
Authors:   Department of Publication and Extension Kampala International University Uganda, Nnenna Ugwu Jovita , Perpetua Ugwuanyi Ifeoma ,   Department of Educational Management Enugu State University of Science and Technology, Enugu Nigeria., Nchaga Asuma Mariita ,   Department of Public Administration Kampala International University Uganda, Hadijah Tushabe ,   Department of Business and Management Kampala International University Uganda, Mabonga Eric ,   Accounting and Finance, Kampala International University, Uganda, Nyamboga Tom Ongesa ,   Department of Business and Management Kampala International University Uganda
Published: April 2024

This article explored the transformative role of digital governance in East Africa, examining its diverse implications on public service delivery. It outlines the region's initiatives aimed at harnessing digital technologies to streamline administrative processes, enhance efficiency, and promote transparency and accountability. The importance of expanding access to services, empowering citizens through engagement, and utilizing data for informed decision-making is underscored. Innovative service delivery models, capacity-building efforts, and strategies to address challenges such as the digital divide and cyber security risks are explored. By synthesizing these insights, the article highlights the potential of digital governance to revolutionize governance practices in East Africa and provides future directions for sustainable implementation. Keywords: Digital Governance, Public Service Delivery, East Africa, Efficiency Enhancement, Transparency and Accountability
Prevalence and Factors Associated with Surgical Site Infection in Post Caesarean Mothers
Authors:   Faculty of Clinical Medicine and Dentistry Kampala International University Western Campus Uganda, Angel Nambajjo
Published: April 2024

Post-cesarean surgical site infection after cesarean delivery is a surgical problem that significantly contributes to maternal morbidity and mortality. In Uganda, admissions due to surgical site infection following cesarean section have been constant activities of health care facilities, but again, there are limited facts on the factors associated with it, making preventive measures less effective. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the risk factors for post-cesarean section surgical site infection at Fort Portal regional referral hospital, Uganda. A cross-sectional study with a retrospective record review was conducted. The data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science Software (SPSS) version 26. Post-cesarean section surgical site infection was measured based on the disease classification and definition of the term by the Center for Disease Control and Prevention. After checking for the presence and degree of association of factors with outcomes, variables were computed through logistic regression analysis. Factors with a P value <= 0.2 in the bi-variable logistic regression analysis were included in the multivariable logistic regression analysis, and those variables with a P value of <0.05 in the multivariable analysis were considered statistically significant. From the medical records of women who underwent cesarean sections, 77 (12.4%) of them developed surgical site infections. Rural residence [(AOR = 2.30, 95%CI: (1.29, 4.09)], duration of labor greater than 24 hours [(AOR = 3.48, 95%CI: (1.49, 8.09)], rupture of membrane>12 hours [(AOR = 4.61, 95%CI: (2.34, 9.09)], hypertension [(AOR = 3.14, 95%CI: (1.29, 7.59)], and preoperative hemocrit <= 30% [(AAOR = 3.22, 95%CI: (1.25, 8.31)] were factors significantly associated with post-cesarean section surgical site infections. The magnitude of post-cesarean section surgical site infection was a significant problem in Fort Portal regional referral hospital. Minimizing prolonged labor, minimizing early rupture of membranes, properly managing patients with comorbidities like hypertension, strengthening prophylaxis and treatment for anemia during antenatal care, and raising awareness among rural residents can reduce the problem. Zonal policy makers should place emphasis on reducing its burden as well as the provision of qualified health care personnel by the government for better prevention and treatment. Keywords: Cesarean delivery, Post-cesarean, Surgical site infection, Bacteria infection
Factors Influencing Antenatal Care Service Utilization among Pregnant Mothers: A Study at Kampala International University Teaching Hospital, Bushenyi District
Authors:   Faculty of Clinical Medicine and Dentistry Kampala International University Western Campus, Uganda, Josa Tukamuhebwa
Published: April 2024

Antenatal care (ANC) services play a crucial role in ensuring the well-being of pregnant women and their unborn children, yet disparities exist in their utilization globally. This study investigates the factors influencing ANC service utilization among pregnant mothers attending Kampala International University Teaching Hospital in Bushenyi District. A cross-sectional study involving 138 participants was conducted, employing descriptive analysis and logistic regression. Results revealed that only 40.6% of mothers had good ANC service utilization, with factors such as post-primary education, manageable cost of services, and knowledge of ANC services significantly associated with higher utilization rates. Conversely, lack of awareness about when to start ANC services and inadequate knowledge of ANC services were barriers to utilization. Additionally, multiparous women and those with a primary education level were less likely to utilize ANC services optimally. These findings underscore the importance of targeted interventions, including education outreach programs and improved accessibility to ANC services, to enhance maternal and fetal health outcomes. Keywords: Antenatal care, Utilisation, Hospital, maternal mortality, Pregnant mother.
Risk factors associated with severe malaria in children under five years of age at Jinja Regional Referral Hospital, Uganda.
Authors:   Department of Medicine and Surgery, Kampala International University, Western Campus, Uganda, Sosolyo Henry
Published: April 2024

Malaria is among the world's most common and life-threatening tropical diseases. Malaria is caused by Plasmodium parasites, which are transmitted through the female Anopheles mosquito's bite, which occurs mainly between dusk and dawn. Children are mostly affected because their immune systems are not yet fully developed to fight severe forms of disease. This study determined risk factors associated with severe malaria in children under five years in the Jinja regional referral hospital in Jinja City, Eastern Uganda. A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted on 380 participants to determine factors associated with severe malaria among children under five years. After completing data collection, the data was subsequently fed into Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20 for analysis. In a tabular form, each independent variable was analyzed in a univariate form; the independent variables were compared with the dependent variable in a bivariate form, then subsequently multivariate, and this served as the basis for drawing conclusions in this study. Among the 380 participants in the study, the majority (57.6%) were above 3 years old, had household heads aged 26–40 years old (56.6%), and were male (65.3%). This study found that among the socio-demographic factors, age of the child, education level of the caregiver, and marital status of the caregiver were significantly associated with severe malaria among children under five years. Further, type of toilet facility used at home, size of household, having a treated mosquito net and using it, and number of children under five years in the household were significantly associated with severe malaria among children under five years. This study further established an association between distance to the health facility, waiting hours, getting all medication while at the facility, and severe malaria among children under five years. Severe malaria among children under five years old is still a big public health challenge. Factors associated with severe malaria among children under five years include age of the child, education level of caregiver, marital status of caregiver, type of toilet facility used at home, size of household, owning a treated mosquito net, number of children under five, distance to the health facility, waiting hours, and getting all medication while at the health facility. Keywords: Risk, severe malaria, children, Jinja, regional, referral hospital, Uganda
Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices on HIV/AIDS Patient Care among Clinical Medical Students at KIUTH
Authors:   Medicine and Surgery at Kampala International University, Ishiaka Western Campus, Ugand, Twirire Ihato Ivor
Published: April 2024

Globally, HIV-related deaths have fallen, most likely due to the intervention of Highly Active Anti-Retroviral Therapy (HAART). New HIV infections have fallen by about 35% since 2016, with approximately 180 000 newly infected in 2021, compared to approximately 270 000 in 2016. The study assessed knowledge, attitude, and practices on HIV/AIDS patient care among clinical medical students at Kampala International University Teaching Hospital (KIUTH). Using a questionnaire as a method of data collection, the descriptive study design included both male and female participants from a population of 322 people. The study showed that there was good knowledge of students on HIV patient care, as all the students knew how HIV is diagnosed at an odds ratio of 1.0 (0.5–4.22) and a p-value of 0.05, although 127 (70.6%) of those who had never taken care of people living with HIV didn’t know different HIV ART combinations. The study also showed good student attitudes towards HIV patient care, in which most students were willing to stay near HIV patients and treat them at an odds ratio of 0.7 (0.022–8.05) and a p-value of 0.444, but poor practices, in which only 142 (44.1%) had cared for HIV and 61.7% had never counselled HIV patients at an odds ratio of 1.5 (0.75-7.78) and a p-value of 024. In conclusion, the majority of the participants had knowledge, attitude, and practice of HIV patient care among clinical medical students. The study recommends that medical students should be given health education about patient care so as to increase their knowledge and capacity to look after patients. The study recommends that the government decentralise HIV services to low-level health centres so as to bring services closer to people. The study also recommends that there should be outreach to communities to do voluntary testing and counselling for the population to know the people who could be HIV positive but are not yet tested. Keywords: Assessment, Knowledge, Attitude, Practices, HIV/AIDS Patient, Clinical students.
Comprehensive Assessment of Hygiene Factors Contributing to Poor Healthcare Facility Conditions in South Sudan: Implications for Public Health
Authors:   Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, School of Natural and Applied Sciences,  Kampala International University, Uganda., Puol Tap John , Obaroh Israel O. ,   Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, School of Natural and Applied Sciences,  Kampala International University, Uganda.
Published: April 2024

Poor hygiene practices in healthcare facilities contribute significantly to the spread of diseases and compromise public health outcomes, especially in resource-limited settings like South Sudan. This study presents a comprehensive assessment of the multifaceted factors influencing hygiene conditions in selected healthcare facilities in South Sudan. Using a mixed-methods approach, data were collected from Juba Teaching Hospital, Bentiu State Hospital, Nyal Primary Health Care Centre, and Ganyliel Primary Health Care Centre. The study population included medical professionals, hospital staff, patients, and visitors. The results revealed a range of individual, environmental, and health facility factors contributing to poor hygiene. Individual behaviors such as inadequate hand washing, improper waste disposal, and lack of infection control awareness were identified as significant contributors to poor hygiene. Environmental factors such as inadequate sanitation infrastructure, unreliable water supply, and improper waste management practices were also found to exacerbate hygiene challenges. Moreover, health facility factors including overcrowding, inadequate staffing, and limited waste disposal resources further compounded the issue. Statistical analyses demonstrated significant correlations between these factors and poor hygiene outcomes, underscoring the complexity of the problem. Recommendations for improving hygiene standards encompassed comprehensive training programs, infrastructure upgrades, robust infection prevention policies, community engagement initiatives, and quality improvement measures. By addressing these multifactorial challenges, healthcare facilities in South Sudan can enhance hygiene standards, mitigate disease transmission, and improve overall public health outcomes. This study contributes valuable insights to the global discourse on healthcare hygiene and underscores the urgent need for tailored interventions in resource-constrained settings to ensure safe and hygienic healthcare environments. Keywords: Poor hygiene, waste management, South Sudan, Health care, Respondents, Environmental
Evaluating the Re-emergence of Coups and the Democratic Consolidation in West Africa: A Critical Analysis
Authors:   Department of Political Science Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities Enugu State University of Science and Technology (ESUT) Enugu, Nigeria, Azubuike Anikwe Johnson , Matthew Ogbuka Ikenna ,   Department of Political Science Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities Enugu State University of Science and Technology (ESUT) Enugu, Nigeria, Vincent Nnamani Felix ,   Department of Political Science Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities Enugu State University of Science and Technology (ESUT) Enugu, Nigeria
Published: April 2024

The reappearance of military coups in West African politics is a notable phenomenon. After a period of nearly two decades where democratic governance seemed to prevail, the resurgence of military interventions is disconcerting for citizens across the region. This trend is particularly troubling as it has the potential to spread from one country to another. Recent events in West Africa have seen a concerning number of military coups, including those in Chad, Mali, Sudan, Guinea-Bissau, Guinea, Burkina-Faso, and Niger. Reports from Burkina-Faso indicate that the military has managed to prevent a counter-coup, highlighting the complexity and rapid succession of these events. The escalation and frequency of coups in West Africa are cause for concern, prompting a deeper examination of this resurgence. This study, titled "Resurgence of Coups in Africa: An Evaluation of West Africa," aims to address this phenomenon through two research questions and corresponding objectives. Drawing on elite and system theories, the study utilizes a quantitative design and employs content analysis for data interpretation. Findings suggest that the resurgence of military coups in West Africa can be attributed, at least in part, to a lack of democratic values and norms. To address this issue, the study recommends the institutionalization of democratic principles and the delivery of tangible benefits of democracy to the populace. By fostering a political environment grounded in democratic governance and ensuring that citizens experience the dividends of democracy, the study suggests that the likelihood of military interventions in West African politics can be mitigated. Keywords: Coups, Democracy, Consolidation, West Africa and Military
Political Apathy in 2023 General Elections in Nigeria: A Case Study of Enugu State, Nigeria
Authors:   Department of Political Science, Enugu State University of Science and Technology (ESUT), Enugu, Nigeria, Udenta Nkiruka C. , Udenta Jude Okezie Emmanuel ,   Department of Political Science, Enugu State University of Science and Technology (ESUT), Enugu, Nigeria
Published: April 2024

This study examined political apathy and 2023 general elections in Nigeria using Enugu state as a case study.The study raised two specific questions which were: What are the various factors responsible for political apathy in the 2023 general election in Enugu state? How has government interference contributed to political apathy during the 2023 general elections in Enugu State? The study was anchored on the class analysis theory. Using ex-post facto design the study adopted thematic content analysis to examine political apathy and 2023 general elections in Enugu. The study therefore, concluded that there are various factors responsible for political apathy in the 2023 general election in Enugu state and government interference contributed to political apathy during the 2023 general elections in Enugu State. The researcher recommended that state governments should ensure to leave up to the promises of good governance made to the people. All factors that lead to political apathy must be checkmated. Enforceable legislations against election rigging, violence, thuggery, godfatherism and the like should be put into practice. Good governance will ensure, justice, fairness, equity and inclusion for all. All federal government agencies charged with voter education like National Orientation Agency (NOA), INEC, and Ministry of Information should sustain political education at all levels of the society. Political apathy is not the solution to electoral problems rather it endangers the electoral system more. Popular participation in elections will help reduce the influence of godfathers during elections thus creating room for the emergence of credible leaders through a credible election process. Keywords: Apathy; Political Apathy, Elections; Electoral Fraud and Violence
Enhancing Staff Recruitment Efficiency and Operational Performance within Nigeria’s Local Government Framework: A Case Study of Enugu State (1999-2021)
Authors:   Department of Political Science Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities Enugu State University of Science and Technology (ESUT) Enugu, Nigeria, Azubuike, Anikwe Johnson , Matthew Ogbuka Ikenna ,   Department of Political Science Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities Enugu State University of Science and Technology (ESUT) Enugu, Nigeria, Vincent Nnamani Felix ,   Department of Political Science Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities Enugu State University of Science and Technology (ESUT) Enugu, Nigeria
Published: April 2024

Recruitment have become a fundamental tool in achieving productivity in any organization. However, the quality of staff in an organisations is one of the factors that determine how the organization is going to be successful in terms of realizing its objectives of increased productivity, efficiency and effectiveness in terms of service delivery. This study examined staff recruitment and productivity in local government system in Enugu State 1999-2021. The study was guided by two research questions and two hypotheses, the objective of the study was to ascertain the relationship between staff recruitment and productivity in the local government system in Enugu State. The researcher adopted descriptive survey design. The researcher also utilized Human Resource Management Theory to extrapolate the study. The population for the study was 4,411,100 residents of Enugu State. Also, sample for the study was 450 respondents. Multi stage sampling techniques were adopted for the study. A self-structured questionnaire was used to collect data. Frequency and standard deviation was used for data analysis. The findings indicated that there is a relationship between staff recruitment and low productivity in local government system in Enugu State. The study concluded that, there is a dire need for a review of recruitment processes in the local government in Enugu State to enhance productivity. The study suggested that to enhance productivity within the local government system, priority should be given to hiring the most qualified candidates for the positions. Keywords: Staff Recruitment, Productivity, Local Government System and Nigeria
Prevalence and Factors Associated with Unwanted Pregnancies among Female Students between 15 and 35 Years at Kampala International University Western Campus Ishaka Bushenyi
Authors:   Faculty of Clinical Medicine and Dentistry of Kampala International University Western Campus Uganda., Egidius Ampaire
Published: April 2024

An unwanted pregnancy is either mistimed or unwanted at the time of conception. It was a core concept in understanding the fertility of populations and the unmet need for contraception. In this context, low use of contraception and high rates of maternal mortality make preventing unwanted pregnancies critical. The study conducted by Global Health Action in 2018 revealed that the non-use of contraception among Ugandan university students differs for men and women. A systematic sampling method was used to select 300 participants, of whom all female students taking health science courses were selected. This study was an institutional-based cross-sectional study. The study showed that having good knowledge of contraceptive use at an odds ratio of 0.91 (0.24–1.47) and a p-value of 0.001 and proper use of contraceptives at a p-value of 0.004 and an odds ratio of 0.60 (0.36–6.67) were significant factors in reducing unwanted pregnancies. The study recommends that students should be encouraged to use family planning to reduce the occurrence of unwanted pregnancies. There should be continued sensitization of students about unwanted pregnancies and the dangers of early sex involvement. Keywords: Unwanted pregnancy, contraceptive use, Conception, Ugandan university students, Family planning.
Factors Contributing to the Prevalence of Diarrhea in Children Under the age of 5 years at Hoima Regional Referral Hospital, Western Uganda
Authors:   Faculty of Clinical Medicine and Dentistry Kampala International University Western Campus, Christopher Mugisha
Published: April 2024

Three or more loose stools per day, or more frequent passages than is typical for an individual, are considered diarrhea. In addition to rapidly resulting in dehydration, diarrhea can negatively affect a child's growth and cognitive development. Since children have a larger surface area and lose fluids more quickly, diarrhea can lead to dehydration and mortality as well as long-term consequences like malnutrition. Even though the majority of diarrhea episodes in children are minor, acute occurrences can cause significant fluid loss and dehydration. If fluids are not replaced as soon as diarrhea appears, this might lead to death or other serious effects. Fortunately, diarrhea is curable and preventative. In this study, the causes of diarrheal illnesses in children under five who are patients at Hoima Regional Referral Hospital were evaluated. This was a cross-sectional, descriptive study. It employed both quantitative and qualitative research techniques for gatheringand analyzing data. Youngsters under the age of five who experienced diarrhea within the six months before to the study were examined. There were 241 in the sample. Children under five who visit Hoima Regional Referral Hospital have a moderately high prevalence of diarrhea. The age range of 1-3 years old, having an open spring or well as a water source, and discarding household waste within the compound have all been linked to an increase in the occurrence of diarrhea. While caregivers could accurately advice regarding preventive measures, their understanding of the proper treatment of severe diarrhea was lacking, particularly with regard to dehydration. Therefore, in order to reduce the high rate of diarrhea in children under five, the government should make it very easy for people to access safe water. Health education programs focusing on these aspects should also be strengthened in order to train caregivers in home management, which will effectively and sustainably contribute to a reduction in child mortality. Keywords: Dehydration, Diarrhea, Health education, Child mortality, Children
Understanding Knowledge, Attitude, and Uptake of Cervical Cancer Screening among Women in Kiryandongo General Hospital
Authors:   Faculty of Clinical Medicine Kampala International University Western Campus Uganda., Kironde Ezra Conrad
Published: April 2024

Cervical cancer remains a significant public health concern globally, particularly in low-income countries where mortality rates are disproportionately high. This cross-sectional study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitude, and uptake of cervical cancer screening among reproductive-aged women attending Kiryandongo General Hospital in Uganda. A sample size of 288 participants was determined using a modified Daniel’s formula, and data was collected using investigator-administered questionnaires. Results revealed that while the majority of participants had heard about cervical cancer, knowledge about its causative agent, risk factors, and preventive measures was low. Despite this, a considerable proportion expressed positive attitudes towards screening and willingness to undergo screening. However, the uptake of cervical cancer screening was alarmingly low, with only 4.9% of participants having been screened. These findings underscore the urgent need for comprehensive awareness campaigns and improved access to screening services in order to address the knowledge gaps and increase uptake of cervical cancer screening among women in the study area. Keywords: Cervical Cancer Screening, Pap smears, Health education, Knowledge, Attitude, Uptake, Reproductive-aged women
Understanding Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices of Adolescents towards STI Prevention: A Study in Bugembe Health Center IV, Jinja District
Authors:   Faculty of Clinical Medicine and Dentistry Kampala International University Western Campus Uganda, Namuyangu Mudondo Rebecca
Published: April 2024

Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) remain a significant public health concern globally, particularly among adolescents. Despite efforts to combat STIs, rates continue to rise, especially in developed countries like Sweden, Germany, France, and Britain. This study assesses the knowledge, attitude, and practices of adolescents aged 17–24 towards STI prevention at Bugembe Health Center IV, Jinja District, Uganda. Through a descriptive study involving 138 participants, data was collected using questionnaires. Results revealed that while 55.8% of adolescents demonstrated good knowledge and 58.7% exhibited positive attitudes towards STI prevention, there were poor practices observed, including low condom usage (59.4%) and engagement in risky sexual behaviors such as having multiple partners (23.1%). The study underscores the need for intensified sensitization campaigns, youth-friendly reproductive health sessions, and increased condom distribution at lower levels to enhance STI prevention among adolescents. Such interventions are crucial for reducing STI prevalence and promoting adolescent sexual health. Keywords: Adolescents, Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs), Knowledge, Attitude, Practices, Bugembe Health Center IV, Jinja District, Uganda.
Assessment of Trichomoniasis Prevalence and Healthcare Provider Knowledge among Pregnant Women: A Study at Luweero General Hospital, Uganda
Authors:   Faculty of Clinical Medicine and Dentistry Kampala International University Western Campus, Fred Musisi
Published: April 2024

Trichomoniasis, a prevalent sexually transmitted infection caused by Trichomonas vaginalis, significantly impacts maternal and fetal health, particularly during pregnancy. This study investigated trichomoniasis prevalence and healthcare provider knowledge among pregnant women attending antenatal services at Luweero General Hospital in Uganda. A cross-sectional study involving 385 pregnant women was conducted, with vaginal swabs examined for T. vaginalis presence. Additionally, healthcare providers' knowledge regarding trichomoniasis was assessed. Results indicated a low prevalence (1.8%) of trichomoniasis among the study population. Notably, midwives and nursing aides demonstrated the highest levels of knowledge. The age group most affected was 16-25 years old. These findings highlight the importance of continuous medical education for healthcare providers and targeted interventions to increase awareness among pregnant women, ultimately mitigating the burden of trichomoniasis in maternal health. Keywords: Trichomoniasis, Trichomonas vaginalis, pregnant women, antenatal services, prevalence, healthcare providers, knowledge, Uganda, sexually transmitted infections, maternal health
An Orthodox Christian Bridging the Boundaries of Mavlana’s Thought
Authors: Elbasan Bozdoğan Zeynep
Published: April 2024

This essay delves into the phenomenon of the "unveiling of Sufis" and traces Yaman Dede's journey to becoming a dervish within the Mavlavī Order in the Republic of Turkey. The Mavlavī Order, a longstanding Islamic Sufi tradition dedicated to preserving the spiritual teachings of Mevlānā Jalāl ad-Dīn Rūmī and his successors for over seven centuries, faced challenges under Turkey’s secularization policies in 1925. This essay explores the extent to which the Mavlavī Order could practice its religious rituals within the secular framework of the Turkish Republic. Additionally, it examines the compelling appeal of the Mavlavī Order to seekers, worshippers, and intellectuals, a call that resonated deeply with Yaman Dede, a Christian Orthodox individual from Anatolia. Through biographical insights into Yaman Dede's identity quest amidst the backdrop of his conversion story, the essay sheds light on his inner turmoil caused by the clash of two faiths, ultimately leading to personal reconciliation as he embraced the path of a Mavlavī dervish. The latter part of the essay delves into the dynamics of the master-disciple relationship, with a focus on the interaction between Remzi Dede and Yaman Dede as a case study. Furthermore, it explores the enduring intellectual legacy of Yaman Dede and its impact on shaping the contemporary Sufi tradition in Turkey.
A conceptual view of information retrieval - can we do better with AI?
Authors: Tay Aaron
Published: April 2024

I've watched with interest, as academic search engines use AI to improve searching.  Elicit is probably currently the leading example of this, using transformer based language models to
Considerations for the effective management of LANs in hospital buildings
Authors: Hanada Eisuke , Kudou Takato
Published: April 2024

According to a joint survey conducted by the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications and the Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare of Japan, over 90% of Japanese hospitals have introduced wireless LAN. However, about half of the hospitals that have wireless LANs have reported having experienced problems, with the most common cause being inappropriate management of signal propagation. Other factors include an excessive number of terminals connected to one AP, an information load that approaches or exceeds the limits of the network’s capacity, and a lack of information sharing during design and construction. There is also a move towards converting in-hospital PHS, which has been used mainly for nurse calls, to smartphones, which also provide voice communication over a wireless LAN. Furthermore, the number of medical devices with wireless LAN communication functions is increasing. In recent years, issues have emerged regarding the coexistence of wireless LANs used by patients. This includes security aspects, as with problematic operation of wireless LANs. The above could become even more significant considerations in future wireless LAN utilization. In this paper, we summarize issues we have identified, clarify their causes, and present possible future problems and current and future measures to be taken for their solution.