bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Revisiting the Tactics of Interrogation of an Expert in the Trial
Authors: Kim Dmitry V. , Gorshkova Vera S.
Published: February 2020

In the modern world, forensics is actively developing; a large number of scientific studies are being carried out in this area, the results of which are subsequently introduced into the fight against crime. Effective solution and investigation of crimes is possible using modern scientific and technical means and methods, in particular the results of applying special knowledge, increasing the level of professional training of employees (investigators, interrogators, operational staff, employees of expert institutions and organizations, judges), as well as a result of implementing modern provisions of the theory of forensics in practice. One of the relatively new directions in this activity is the implementation of the concept of a situational approach in law enforcement not only during the preliminary investigation, but also in the trial of criminal cases. The use of special knowledge in criminal proceedings, namely the interrogation of an expert in court, is of increasing importance
Sovereignty in a Federal State: Theoretical and Legal Bases and Practice of Implementation in Russia
Authors: Bezrukov Andrei V. , Kondrashev Andrey A.
Published: February 2020

The article raises the issue of state sovereignty in a federal state and reveals its legal nature. The authors draw attention to the diversity of approaches to the concept and essence of sovereignty, reveal its correlation with related categories, describe the concepts of unity and divisibility of state sovereignty. The paper proves that sovereignty is not a quantitative, but a qualitative characteristic of a state, which is either present or not. The authors substantiate the exclusive possession of state sovereignty by the Russian Federation. Based on the analysis of the doctrinal, regulatory sources and the practice of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation, the authors show that the Russian constitutional model explicitly outlines the principle of solid and indivisible state sovereignty spreading throughout the whole territory of the Russian Federation. Recognition of the principle of state sovereignty of Russia presupposes a clear definition of the scope of rights that the Federation should possess in order for its sovereignty to be ensured. The article examines the main features of the state sovereignty of Russia enshrined in the Constitution of the Russian Federation, among which are the supremacy of federal law over the law of the subjects of the Federation, the inviolability of borders and territorial integrity, the unity of the economic space, fiscal, banking and monetary systems, common army (Armed Forces), the right of the state to protect its sovereignty and rights of citizens. Despite the unequivocal decision on the integrity of state sovereignty of the Russian Federation expressed the Constitution of the Russian Federation and by the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation, this fundamental principle is not completely ensured since the idea of the sovereignty of the republics as components of Russia continues to retain its potential threat to Russian federalism, taking into account the provisions of Art. 73 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation that provide for the full state power of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation
Anti-Corruption Protection of Russian Companies in Foreign Jurisdictions
Authors: Astanin Victor V.
Published: February 2020

The article is devoted to existing problems and prospective tasks of preventing corruption risks and fraudulent threats that domestic public organizations conducting foreign economic activity in the countries of their presence may encounter. The globalization of anti-corruption standards of business conduct rules imposed on business structures around the world is due to the cross-border nature of the laws of several states of the Anglo-Saxon legal system, as well as the OECD Convention on Combating Bribery of Foreign Public Officials in International Business Transactions. These circumstances require the actualization of the tasks of the anti-corruption policy of every public company, regardless of the country of its affiliation, legal form and type of ownership. Most business organizations in the world are developing their own tactical preventive measures against corruption abroad. The content of these measures is different. In the absence of a unity of approaches to organizational, methodological, regulatory support, as well as legal regulation and application of such measures, the article presents the results of monitoring national and multinational companies’ practices aimed at prevention of corruption risks that may arise in interaction with foreign contractors. The monitoring results are proposed to be considered in the methodological positions of the prospective development of a unified strategy for the prevention of corruption risks for domestic companies operating abroad
Atypical presentation of Hand foot mouth disease (HFMD) caused by enterovirus serotype Coxsackievirus A6, in India
Authors: Nagarajan Muruganandam , Chaaithanya Itta Krishna , Parvez Rehnuma , Palani Surya , Maile Anwesh , Matta Madhuri , Vijayachari Paluru
Published: February 2020

A 27-year-old male presented in the OPD of Naval Hospital in Port Blair, Andaman Islands, India, in 2011 with a history of low-grade fever associated with malaise and a pruritic skin rash. Case 2 – A 17-year-old male student reported to the OPD at Naval Hospital, Kochi Kerala, India, in August 2015. He presented with eruptions on both the palm and soles with a history of high-grade fever for the past 3–4 days. Clinically, both the cases were diagnosed as hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD). Both samples were tested against measles virus and varicella-zoster IgM antibodies by enzyme immunoassay and found negative. Stool sample (case 1) and lesion swab (case 2) were processed by enterovirus reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and phylogenetic analysis, and both were positive for enterovirus human coxsackievirus A6 (CVA6) (untranslated region [UTR]). Phylogenetic analysis also confirmed that both the CVA6 etiology belonged to the genotype F. HFMD in adults often asymptomatic and very few patients get atypical symptoms. Clinical diagnosis is often troublesome to identify HFMD in such cases. An epidemiological surveillance/vigilance is essential to document these atypical cases in near future in developing countries like India.
CODIFICATION OF ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURAL LAW: TRADITIONS AND MODELS
Authors: Schmidt-Aßmann Eberhard
Published: February 2020

The contribution explains the underlying rationale, objectives and constitutional framework for administrative procedural law. Furthermore, the arguments for and against comprehensive codification of administrative procedural rules, as well as the most significant elements of administrative procedural law, are discussed. Lastly, possible models for codification are presented, namely the German Law on Administrative Procedure, the US Administrative Procedure Act and the ReNEUAL Model Rules on EU Administrative Procedure.
Ukrainian Historiography of French-Canadian nationalism: the Current Status and the Prospects for Researching the Issue
Authors: Baraboi Myroslav
Published: February 2020

The article are investigated the domestic historiography of French-Canadian nationalism. The article analyzes approaches to French-Canadian nationalism, both by researchers in independent Ukraine and by representatives of the Ukrainian diaspora in Canada. It is noted that the domestic historiography of the French-Canadian question can be divided into four directions: the genesis of French-Canadian nationalism; research about the status of the French language in Quebec and Canada in general; the relations between Quebec and the Federation Center; «Quiet Revolution» in Quebec and the French-Canadian national issue at present. It is established that in the research of French-Canadian nationalism in domestic historiography, some researchers focus not only on the historical aspects of this issue, but also on political and legal ones. This approach from the standpoint of theory of state and law allows us better understand some aspects of French-Canadian nationalism. It has been found that most researchers focus their attention on the study of the French-Canadian national question of the period from Quiet Revolution in Quebec in 1960s and the 1990s. Attention also is drawn that this lack of coverage in the domestic historiography of the French-Canadian question of the period before the «Quiet Revolution» in Quebec needs further research to better understand the specifics of the problem. It is emphasized that due to the problem of access to Canadian archival sources when researching the issue in Ukraine, it is extremely important the recent publication of documents on the Internet, which can significantly affect the future prospects of domestic historiography of the French-Canadian problem.
Canada and the Beginning of the Cold War: Modern Interpretations
Authors: Bessonova Maryna
Published: February 2020

The most widespread plots interpreted as the beginning of the Cold War are the events that took place in 1946: February 9 – J. Stalin’s speech to the electorate in Moscow; February 22 – the American charge d’Affaires in the Soviet Union G. Kennan’s “long telegram”; March 5 – W. Churchill’s speech in Fulton (the USA); September 27 – the Soviet Ambassador in the United States N. Novikov’s “long telegram”. But there was an earlier event, so called “Gouzenko affair”, which is almost unknown for the Ukrainian historiography. On September 5, 1945, Igor Gouzenko, a cipher clerk of the Soviet embassy to Canada, defected to the Canadian side with more than a hundred secret documents that proved the USSR’s espionage activities in the countries of North America. Information about the network of Soviet agents caused a real panic in the West and was perceived as a real start of the Cold War.

In the article, there is made an attempt to review the main events related to the Gouzenko affair and to identify the dominant interpretations of this case in contemporary historical writings. One can find different interpretations of the reasons and the consequences of Gouzenko’s defection which dramatically affected the history of the world. One of the main vivid results was an anti-communist hysteria in the West which was caused by the investigation that Canadian, American and British public officials and eminent scientists were recruited by the Soviet Union as agents for the atomic espionage. For Canada, the Gouzenko affair had an unprecedented affect because on the one hand it led to the closer relations with the United States in the sphere of security and defense, and on the other hand Canada was involved into the international scandal and used this case as a moment to start more activities on the international arena.

It has been also found that the Canadian and American studies about Gouzenko affair are focused on the fact that the Allies on the anti-Hitler coalition need to take a fresh look at security and further cooperation with the USSR, while the overwhelming majority of Russian publications is focused on the very fact of betrayal of Igor Gouzenko.
State and trait anxiety when making management decisions on the transport
Authors: Grigorev Nikolay N.
Published: February 2020

Problems of accidents on maritime fleet for reasons of anxiety has not been studied before. The article presents data on the level of state and trait anxiety of navigators, which are characterized by mental state of high tension, due to the specific situation. Charles D. Spielberger method of testing of ship captains showed that normal (average) level of state anxiety is 62.7 %, and trait anxiety 52.6 %. Controlling the anxiety may lead to reduction of accidents on transport.
Representaciones bisexuales y no binarias en Sex, de Beatriz Gimeno, y Gut Symmetries, de Jeanette Winterson=Bisexual and non-binary representations in Beatriz Gimeno's Sex and Jeanette Winterson's Gut Symmetries
Authors: León Prieto Luis
Published: February 2020

ResumenEl objetivo de este texto es el de analizar las representaciones bisexuales que existen en Sex, de Beatriz Gimeno, y Gut Symmetries, de Jeanette Winterson, exponiendo los mitos y estereotipos asociados a esta realidad, y mediante una serie de referencias críticas que abordan las teorías queer, el feminismo lésbico y temas como la pornografía o los símbolos fálicos, con figuras como Butler, Wittig, Rich o Preciado, para concluir si estas obras reflejan y en qué modo esta materia. AbstractThe aim of this paper is to analyze the representations about bisexuality that are included in Sex, by Beatriz Gimeno, and Gut Symmetries, by Jeanette Winterson, exposing the myths and stereotypes associated with this reality, and through a series of critical references that address  the queer theories, lesbian feminism and issues such us pornography or phallic symbols, with figures such as Butler, Wittig, Rich or Preciado, to conclude if this works reflect this matter.
Pruebas documentales sobre la identidad de la Diana de Jorge de Montemayor: doña Ana Muñiz en los archivos de Valladolid=Doña Ana Muñiz and the origins of the Diana of Jorge de Montemayor
Authors: Cáseda Teresa Jesús Fernando
Published: February 2020

En este estudio profundizo, a partir de lo que señala Lope de Vega y testimonios de la época de Felipe III, en la identidad real de la Diana de Jorge de Montemayor. Se trata de Ana Muñiz, natural de Valencia de Don Juan. Sitúo también a su esposo, Francisco de Valencia Colodro (Delio en la obra). A partir de diversos documentos que he localizado en la Real Chancillería de Valladolid, afirmo que Montemayor tiene razón en lo que sobre ellos expresa en su novela. Identifico a Sireno con Jorge de Montemayor, así como a los personajes de Duarda y Danteo y concluyo con una idea fundamental: debajo del disfraz pastoril se encuentran personas reales de aquella época.Abstract:In this study I deepen, from what Lope de Vega points out and testimonies of the time of Felipe III, in the real identity of the Diana of Jorge de Montemayor. This is Ana Muñiz, born in Valencia in Don Juan. I also place her husband, Francisco de Valencia Colodro (Delio in the work). From various documents that I have located in the Royal Chancery of Valladolid I discover that Montemayor is right in what he expresses about them in his work. I identify Sireno with Jorge de Montemayor, as well as the characters of Duarda and Danteo. And I conclude with a fundamental idea: under the shepherd's disguise there are real people from that time.
Evaluation of the Efficacy of Probiotics in the Treatment of Infantile Colic; a Randomized, Double Blind; Placebo Controlled Trial
Authors: Habibi Zoham Mojdeh , Zafar Fatemeh , Malekiantaghi Armen , Ettehadi Reyhaneh , Jazayeri Seyed Behnam , Eftekhari Kambiz
Published: February 2020

The infantile colic is one of the most common complaints in the infancy; however, limited therapeutic approaches are described in the literature. Recently probiotics have been suggested as a potential strategy in the treatment of infantile colic. We conducted this study to investigate the efficacy of probiotics in relieving colic symptoms in Iranian infants. This double-blind clinical trial was performed among 70 infants aged 3 to 16 weeks with the presumed diagnosis of infantile colic according to Wessel criteria who were breastfed or formula fed. They were assigned at random to receive Pedilact® (Bifidobacterium infantis, Lactobacillus reuteri, and Lactobacillus rhamnosus) (N=33) or placebo (N=32). Demographic data were recorded in the questionnaires at the beginning of the study. The number of daily episodes of crying and fussiness, number of weekly crying days, and duration of crying were separately analyzed on 7, 21, and 30th  days of investigation. Baseline demographic data showed no statistically significant difference between intervention and placebo groups. Infants given Pedilact® showed a significant reduction in daily episodes of crying, duration of crying, and the weekly number of crying days at the end of the treatment period compared with those receiving placebo (P=0.000). On 21th day of the study, daily episodes of fuss and crying (P=0.032) and duration of crying reduced significantly in the intervention group in comparison to the placebo group (P=0.000). Administration of Pedilact® drop significantly improved colic symptoms by reducing crying and fussing times in breastfed or formula fed in Iranian infants with colic.
© 2019 Tehran University of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved.
Acta Med Iran 2019;57(7):405-411.
Clinical Comparison of Volume Support Ventilation With Pressure Support Ventilation in Patients Admitted at Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Alikiaii Babak , Nazemroaya Behzad , Jabbari Alireza
Published: February 2020

Mechanical ventilation (MV) is among the main basics of supportive treatment for respiratory failure in the intensive care unit (ICU). This supportive treatment may cause undesirable complications that led to the introduction of various MV modes. The current study was aimed to assess and compare outcomes of volume support ventilation (VSV) and pressure support ventilation (PSV) regarding spontaneous breath return, weaning and hemodynamic changes among patients admitted at ICU following surgical procedures. This single-blinded randomized-clinical-trial (RCT) was conducted on 100 patients admitted at ICU in 2018-2019. Patients were randomly divided into two fifty-member groups treated with PSV and VSV modes. Oxygen saturation, systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), arterial blood gas (ABG), extubation and MV time and sedation based on RAMSY criteria were recorded and compared. Mean age (P=0.79) and gender distribution (P=0.57) were not statistically different in the two groups. Time has no effect on patients' hemodynamic (P>0.05) while hemodynamic stability was superior in VSV (P<0.05). ABG showed no statistical difference between groups (P>0.05) except for arterial oxygen pressure that was higher in the VSV group (P<0.001). The duration of MV, extubation time and duration of ICU admission was significantly lower in the VSV group. Furthermore, sedation based on RAMSY criteria showed the superiority of VSV (P<0.05). Use of VSV mode was accompanied with superior outcomes in four entities including earlier and easier weaning, shorter duration of ICU admission, least hemodynamic instabilities and least sedation requirement in comparison to PSV mode.
© 2019 Tehran University of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved.
Acta Med Iran 2019;57(7):416-423.
Comparative Analysis of Research Performance of Medical Universities Based on Qualitative and Quantitative Scientometric Indicators
Authors: Ranjbar-Pirmousa Zoleikha , Borji-Zemeidani Narges , Attarch Mirsaeed , Nemati Shadman , Aminpour Farzaneh
Published: February 2020

Evaluation of the research status of the academic institution provides it with the possibility of accurate research policymaking. Scientometric indicators are important tools for evaluating scientific activities of individuals, groups, and institutions. The current research aims to analysis the research performance of medical universities in Northern Iran based on quantitative and qualitative scientometric indicators. In this cross-sectional descriptive study, the Scopus-indexed scientific documents provided by medical universities in the Northern Iran have been studied in terms of number of publications, number of citations, average number of Citations per Publication (C/P), Field-Weighted Citation Impact (FWCI), scientific collaborations, the number of in top 10% citation percentile, and the number of publications in top 10% journal percentile according to CiteScore, Source Normalized Impact per Paper (SNIP), and SCImagoJournal Rank (SJR) indicators during a five years period. According to the findings, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences has gained the highest position in terms of the number of publications and citations, number of publications with international and national collaborations, and  academic-industrial collaborations., while Golestan University of Medical Sciences has gained a higher position in terms of scientific outputs in top 10% citation percentile and journal percentile, CiteScore, SNIP, SJR and C/P. In terms of the FWCI indicator, Golestan University of Medical Sciences has achieved the highest value. Considering academic status and research capabilities of medical universities in the Northern Iran, increasing academic-industrial collaboration, expanding academic collaboration with superior universities and institutions around the world can be effective in increasing the quality of research and upgrading academic ranks of universities at national, regional and international levels.
© 2019Tehran University of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved.
Acta MedIran 2019;57(7):448-455.
Acute Hydrocephalus Due to Intraventricular CNS Aspergillosis: A Case Report
Authors: Larijani Amirhossein , Darvishi Amirhossein , Karimi-Yarandi Kourosh , Ahmadi Seyed Ali , Alimohamadi Maysam
Published: February 2020

The immunosuppressive state after organ transplantation leads to infectious complications responsible for high mortality rate. Fungal infections account for 5% of all infections in Renal Transplantation (RT) recipients. A 53-year-old man was admitted with acute loss of consciousness. He had a history of renal transplantation 1 month before admission. Brain CT showed acute hydrocephalus with periventricular edema. A right frontal external ventricular drain was inserted urgently. One day later the consciousness further decreased, and CT scan showed unilateral left lateral ventricle dilatation and a hyperdense mass at the septum pellucidum. The patient was operated via endoscopic trans-middle frontal sulcus approach. The interventricular septum was pushed contralaterally, and a very adherent mesh-like thick layer covered the surface of lateral ventricle and foramen of Moro. The Monro foramen was opened, and septostomy was done. The mass inside the septum was found posterior to the foramen, punctured, and partially removed. Histopathological study revealed aspergillus infection of the lateral ventricles. CNS Aspergillosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of altered consciousness among immunocompromised hosts. This report further implies that isolated ventricular involvement by aspergillus infection may be considered as the cause of hydrocephalus in immunocompromised patients.
© 2019 Tehran University of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved.
Acta Med Iran 2019;57(7):461-463.
Twin Births and Their Survival under Age Five: Evidence from Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey 2014
Authors: Mazharul Islam M. , Marium Uzma
Published: February 2020

Background & Aim: Little is known about twinning in developing countries due to lack of reliable data. However, the large data set from the national level Demographic and Health Surveys (DHSs) in developing countries can fill this gap. This paper examines the level, trends and determinants of twin births, and their risk of survival until age five relative to singletons in Bangladesh.
Methods & Materials: The data for the study were obtained from the 2014 Bangladesh DHS. The analysis was based on birth histories of 43,842 live births, experienced by the 17,863 women between 1978 and until survey date November 2014. Frequency distribution, cross tabulation, univariate and multivariate logistic regression models, and demographic methods such as conventional life table approach were used for data analysis.
Results: About 1.52% of the total live births in Bangladesh were found found to be twins. The twin birth rate has increased by 13.4% over the last 20 years in Bangladesh. Maternal age, parity, region of residence, economic status, father’s education, contraceptive use status and religion were identified as significant predictors of twin births. Twinning appeared as a significant predictor of high childhood mortality. Twins were found to have more than eight times higher risk of death during neonatal period than that of singletons.
Conclusion: The increasing trends in twin births in Bangladesh and the associated higher risk of childhood mortality among twins underscores the need for more focused care strategy during pregnancy and after birth. Further studies are needed to identify the reasons for exceptionally high childhood mortality among twins in Bangladesh.
The Utilization Pattern of Caspofungin in an Educational Hospital
Authors: Ramezaninejad Soodeh , Amouzegar Atefeh , Aghabeigi Sohrab , Farasati Nasab Maryam , Ranjbar Mitra , Jamshidi Mahin , Ghanbari Behrooz , Pakdaman Nashmin , Khorsani Maryam
Published: February 2020

Background: Caspofungin is prescribed for the systemic treatment of fungal infections and its correct prescription pattern is an issue of importance. Hence in this study Caspofungin utilization and the frequency rate of medication errors were investigated at a training hospital in a developing country.
Methods: This cross-sectional study enrolled 43 consecutive patients receiving Caspofungin in Firoozgar Hospital, Tehran, Iran from March to September 2017.
Results: The prescription frequency was higher in Intensive Care Unit by a rate of 58.1%. Infectious disease specialists were responsible for Caspofungin prescription only in 11 cases (25.5%). The cause of Caspofungin prescription was unknown in 18.6% of cases; but empiric treatment for febrile neutropenia and ICU patients with Candida Score > 2.5 were the most known causes. The drug administration in 11 cases (25.6%) occurred in less than one hour. The indication of treatment was incorrect in 12 out of 43 cases (28%). On the first day of the treatment a dose of both 70 mg and 50 mg was prescribed, which was higher than the appropriate dose and also it was lower than the optimal dose in five cases (83.7%). The mean treatment duration was 10.88 ± 5.35 days ranging from 2 to 24 days. The duration of treatment was correct in 20 cases (46.5%) and incorrect for 23 patients (53.5%).
Conclusion:  In comparison with the Sanford and IDSA Guidelines there are multiple discordances in our setting, such as inappropriate duration, continuation, and indications. Hence these should be announced to the physicians for taking further caution in the aforementioned cases, and it is advisable to consult with infectious diseases specialists for the administration of anti-fungal drugs.
J Pharm Care 2019; 7(3): 57-61.
Comparing Effects of Different Doses of Vancomycin on the Biomarkers of Acute Kidney Injury
Authors: Elyasi Sepideh , Khalili Hossein , Abdollahi Alireza
Published: February 2020

Background: Various urinary and serum proteins are being studied for detection of early stages of drug-induced nephrotoxicity like Gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), N-acetyl-glucosaminidase (NAG), neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), cystatin C (Cys-C), and kidney injury molecule 1 (KIM-1). As vancomycin nephrotoxicity is an important adverse reaction related to its high dose, its early diagnosis is vital. So in this study, effects of different vancomycin dosing on two renal biomarkers (Cys-C and KIM-1) of acute kidney injury and also serum creatinine were compared in patients with severe bacterial infections.
Methods: Fifty-eight patients with severe infections requiring vancomycin therapy, randomly received vancomycin 1g/ twice daily (N=29) or 1g/ three times daily (N=29). Serum levels of Cys-C and KIM-1 and urine level of Cys-C were measured at baseline and every other and compared between two groups.
Results:  Serum level of Cys-C demonstrated significant rise during vancomycin treatment in both groups. However, there was no significant difference between them. Urine Cys-C level neither changed significantly within nor between groups during vancomycin treatment. The same results were detected for serum KIM-concentrations.
Conclusion: Different doses of vancomycin showed comparable effects on the serum and urine biomarkers of acute kidney injury. So, it seems that increasing vancomycin dose to 15mg/kg three times a day may not significantly increase risk of nephrotoxicity.
J Pharm Care 2019; 7(3): 62-69.
Evaluating Association between Glycosylated Hemoglobin and the Spectrum and Antibiotic Resistance of Uropathogens: A Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Haghighi Mehrdad , Kariman Hamid , Sistanizad Mohammad
Published: February 2020

Background: Antimicrobial resistance among uropathogens causing community-acquired urinary tract infections (UTIs) is a worldwide concern. It has been suggested that diabetes could be a possible cause of antibiotic resistance. This study was undertaken to identify the responsible microbial culprits for UTI in patients with different range of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C) and evaluate their corresponding resistance pattern.
Methods: In a cross-sectional study between 2013 to 2018, data related to the urine culture and sensitivity of patients who had bacteriuria were gathered. For patients with positive urine culture, HbA1C was requested and correlations between HbA1C level with microorganism and its susceptibility were evaluated.
Results: In total, 121 patients were recruited. All study participants were female. The mean age of the patients was 50.2 ± 22.5 (range 19-96). All study participants were of the same race. Fifteen (12.4%) out of 121 patients were diabetics. There were no difference between bacteriology of UTIs in diabetic and nondiabetic patients with the preponderance being caused by E. coli and other gram-negative organisms but, there were positive association between HbA1C and resistance to Nalidixic acid and Gentamicin.
Conclusion: Our study supports the findings that diabetes in itself could be a possible cause of antibiotic resistance to some antimicrobial agents.  
J Pharm Care 2019; 7(3): 70-74.
A Historical Overview Upon the Use of Amphetamine Derivatives in the Treatment of Obesity
Authors: Stăcescu Ștefana , Hancu Gabriel , Podar Denisa , Todea Ștefania , Tero-Vescan Amelia
Published: February 2020

Relatively few medications are available for the management of obesity and all are indicated as adjuncts to increased physical activity, caloric restriction and lifestyle modification. Among different weight-loss drugs, the most intriguing and controversial class is the one of anorexic amphetamines, due to their high efficiency but also relevant side-effects. Several previously approved anorexic amphetamines like fenfluramine, phenylpropanolamine, phenmetrazine and sibutramine have been withdrawn from the market due to unanticipated adverse effects. Nowadays only four amphetamine derivatives are approved for short-term treatment of obesity: amfepramone, benzphetamine, phendimetrazine and phentermine. The article provides an overview of both the history, and the current status, of the use of amphetamine derivatives in the obesity pharmacotherapy.
J Pharm Care 2019; 7(3): 75-82.
A CUSTOMER-EMPLOYEE ENCOUNTER: A REVIEW OF CUSTOMER QUALITY CONTROL ON RESTAURANT FOOD SERVICE
Authors: S, O. Were , M, N. Miricho , V, N. Maranga
Published: February 2020

Purpose of the Study: The purpose of this study review was to fill the literature gap into the customer quality control on restaurant food and beverage service, with the objective of identifying customer quality control methodologies within the hospitality’s food and beverage operations.

Methodology: For purposes of carrying out the study review, the concept of customer employees encounter in the process of not only creating and offering goods and services but also the quality control aspect, and the various methodologies in doing so were considered and reviewed. The study employed a meta-analysis in gathering, analyzing, presentation and discussion of the study results.

Main Findings: The study review findings reveal that hospitality organizations are facing a drift from the conventional restaurant standard operating procedures in reference to foodservice quality control with the customer taking a central position in the production and presentation of food services.

Limitations: This is a study review and therefore the study findings were arrived at in consideration of mainly secondary sources. Some studies are traditionally region and/ or country-specific and therefore much caution is needed when generalizing the study findings.

Social implications: There is a myriad of ways through which restaurant food service quality control can be integrated into the customer employee service encounter. They reviewed three main methodologies in this study review may provide the best tools not only for quality control function but also build confidence among the customer base, thus yielding customer satisfaction and retention on the one hand, while creating business sustainability on the other hand.

Originality: This study will, therefore, help the hospitality restaurant business to appreciate the role of customers in the process of quality services provision, thus enable organizations to achieve a strategic business competitive position.
Evaluation of the effects on atherosclerosis and antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Agaricus xanthodermus poisonous mushroom
Authors: ÖZALTUN Betül , SEVİNDİK Mustafa
Published: February 2020

Objectives:
The aim of this study was to determine the total antioxidant capacity,
total oxidant capacity, oxidative stress index and antimicrobial activity of a
poisonous mushroom Agaricus xanthodermus.
The effects of mushrooms on atherosclerosis are due to their antioxidant
effects. Methods: Mushroom samples collected from study field were extracted with methanol
(MeOH) and dichloromethane (DCM) using soxhlet apparatus. Total antioxidant
status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS) and oxidative stress index (OSI) were
measured using Rel Assay trade kits. Antimicrobial activities were tested on 9
microorganisms (Staphylococcus aureus,
S. aureus MRSA, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia
coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, Candida albicans, C.krusei and C. glabrata)
using the modified agar dilution method. Results: In this study A. xanthodermus has shown high
antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. In addition, the highest activities
of MeOH and DCM extracts of the mushrooms were demonstrated against E. coli, P. aeruginosa, and A. baumannii. Conclusions: In conclusion, A. xanthodermus is considered to be a
poisonous mushroom and can be used as a pharmacological natural agent due to
its high antioxidant and antimicrobial activities.
CONTEMPORARY TENDENCIES IN THE ORGANIZATION OF ALL-EUROPEAN DEFENSE RESEARCH
Authors: PETROV Zhivo
Published: February 2020

The main task of providing military and economic protection is the creation of conditions for sustainable development while also maintaining the capabilities of the state’s military-economic and military-technical potential. Maintaining these capabilities at a level necessary for the implementation of the defense policy and ensuring the reliable fulfillment of military needs during peacetime, in the immediate threat of aggression or in case of armed hostilities.
THE SOCIAL ASSISTANCE SYSTEM IN BULGARIA
Authors: Terziev Venelin , Bogdanova Margarita , Kanev Dimitar , Georgiev Мarin , Simeonov Simeon
Published: February 2020

Social policy as a set of principles, legal norms, activities and institutions, aimed at creating conditions that ensure the quality of life of the citizens of a country, is an expression of the social relations between the state and its citizens. Social policy determines safety (social, health, economic) and security of the individuals in society.
Keywords: social assistance, social protection, social policy.
THE BULGARIAN HEALTH CARE SYSTEM PRACTICAL RESEARCH ON THE USEFULNESS OF THE PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT SYSTEM
Authors: Terziev Venelin , Petkova Georgieva Stoyanka
Published: February 2020

The advantages and disadvantages of the decentralization organizational management structures are very
important to be investigated because of their impact on the competitiveness on micro and macro level. In the
present study are published the results from a seven years research among Bulgarian health care
managers. The basic idea was to investigate how the practical implementation of the performance
measurement system is a very powerful instrument to increase the competitiveness of the health care subdivisional unit even though if it is an organized system with a very decentralizated structure.
Keywords: competitiveness, impact, level of decentralization, Bulgarian health care system.
MOUNTAINS AS STABILIZERS FOR EARTH FROM THE QURANIC AND MODERN SCIENCE PERSPECTIVES
Authors: Ibrahim Mohamed Akhiruddin
Published: February 2020

The main thought and foundation in Islamic civilization is based from the teaching and learning of Quran. There are many secrets and mysteries in Quran and the only way to uncover it is by reading, understanding and researching its content. Among the miracles stated in the Quran, there are 49 times mentioned about mountain in different form of words and sentence structure hence its meaning. Therefore, this study will discuss and uncover the scientific evidence related to the mountain that is mentioned in the Quran. The method of this study is qualitative approach which most of the data are collected from library and literary materials that related to the word ‘mountain’. In Quran, it has mentioned mountain as the pillar of earth which strengthen its ground and enable other being to inhabit it. Meanwhile, from the perspectives of scientific evidences claimed that when two continents collide, stronger plates will slip beneath the other plate and creating a platform that restrict the movement of the continent to avoid shaking. Then, the upper one folds and will form the mountain plate. This depicts that without mountains, the lithospheric plate movements will be eroded drastically. All this information has been mentioned in Quran as the word ‘rawasiya’ and will be discussed along in this paper accordingly
Keywords: Mountain, Quran, stabilizer.
SOCIAL POLICIES AND PROGRAMMES IN EUROPE
Authors: Bogdanova Margarita
Published: February 2020

The social subject-matter in the management theory and practice has been dominant during the last years. The reasons for this are most different - the increasing asymmetries in the living standard of particular groups of society, the dynamic, even turbulent, changes in some areas of development, which create risks which are increasingly more difficult to overcome, particularly for vulnerable groups, and last but not least - the politicians’ desire to give a quick, though not always an adequate reply to the social challenges. The manner of carrying out these policies is an additional problem. It is an elementary truth that there is no way they can simultaneously solve all problems of society. Therefore it is a question of priorities, i.e. of sectoral and local policies, the choice of objectives and means of achieving significant results.
Keywords: policies, social development, social policies, programmes, perspective.
Retoryczne style przedstawiania wiedzy naukowej
Authors: Załęska Maria
Published: February 2020

W artykule zastosowano retoryczną koncepcję trzech stylów, aby objaśnić pewne praktyki komunikacyjne w dyskursie akademickim. Wykorzystując zasoby perswazyjne stylu niskiego, autorzy skupiają się na retorycznym celu docere/probare, tj. nauczać/dowodzić. Ascetyczna rzeczowość stylu niskiego sugeruje czytelnikom, jakoby stylu w ogóle nie było, przekonując ich, że treść odzwierciedla rzeczywistość bez jakiegokolwiek retorycznego zapośredniczenia. Wybierając perswazyjne środki stylu średniego, badacze łączą cele epistemiczne i estetyczne, starając się osiągnąć retoryczny cel delectare, tj. zachwycać. Zajmujący styl pomaga wciągnąć czytelników w złożoną intelektualnie problematykę. Styl wysoki ułatwia osiągnięcie retorycznego celu movere, tj. poruszać, skłaniać do działania. Służy on do przedstawienia treści naukowych jako informacji użytecznych w podejmowaniu decyzji w życiu konkretnego czytelnika, zatem bywa wykorzystywany przez zaangażowanych naukowców i intelektualistów.
Interpretacja tekstów w różnych dyskursach
Authors: Habrajska Grażyna
Published: February 2020

W ujęciu komunikatywistycznym dyskurs to obszar sensów powstałych wskutek interpretacji tekstów, które to sensy pozostają w naszej pamięci i są aktywowane w miarę potrzeb komunikacyjnych. Sensy tworzące dany dyskurs stanowią swoistą bazę odniesienia – własną logikę. Zatem musimy się nauczyć, jak uczestniczyć w poszczególnych dyskursach. Uwzględniając ogólny cel komunikacyjny i swoistą bazę odniesienia sensu, wyróżniliśmy dyskursy: potoczny, naukowy, urzędowy, publicystyczny i artystyczny, w obrębie których można wyróżniać tematycznie węższe subdyskursy. Teksty tworzone w obrębie poszczególnych dyskursów i subdyskursów mogą mieć formę zarówno werbalną, jak i wizualną. Każdy dyskurs wprowadza odmienne reguły interpretacji, których uczestnik musi się nauczyć. Dyskursy rozwijają się i istnieją we własnych polach interpretacyjnych. Uczestnictwo w dyskursie równocześnie rozszerza i usprawnia jego pole interpretacyjne. Kiedy człowiek nie uczestniczy w danym dyskursie, to z tego dyskursu wypada. Pamiętać trzeba, że ludzie mają różny stopień gotowości uczestniczenia w poszczególnych dyskursach.
O uleganiu pokusie
Authors: Dobrosz-Michiewicz Karolina
Published: February 2020

Fenomen ulegania pokusie doczekał się wielu opracowań na gruncie badań etnograficznych, socjologicznych czy też nauki o moralności. Inaczej rzecz ta wygląda w przypadku rozważań prowadzonych na gruncie psychologii społecznej. Dokonany przeze mnie przegląd literatury w tym zakresie wskazuje na istnienie dwóch dominujących perspektyw badawczych, przyjmowanych w badaniach nad sytuacją ulegania pokusie: perspektywy właściwej psychologii resocjalizacyjnej, ujmującej zjawisko w kategoriach zachowań, oraz perspektywy psychologii moralności. Wyniki badań pokazujące, iż ludzie w większości przypadków skłonni są np. ulegać pokusom łatwych korzyści, mimo deklarowanego uznania dla norm prawnych i etycznych zakazujących zawłaszczania cudzego mienia, stały się punktem wyjścia rozważań autorki niniejszego artykułu. Co jeszcze, jeśli nie legalizm prawny, może być buforem powstrzymującym człowieka w sytuacji pokusy? Jaką rolę w tym zakresie odgrywa nasza osobowość? Artykuł prezentuje wyniki badań nad zależnością pomiędzy zmiennymi osobowościowymi a uleganiem pokusie przez człowieka.
IMMUNITY AND VACCINE PROPHYLAXIS IN ADULTS WITH INFECTION CAUSED BY VARICELLA ZOSTER VIRUS
Authors: Polyakova D. M , Nikiforov V. V , Shakhmardanov Murad Z.
Published: February 2020

Due to the wide spread of herpesvirus infections and the increase in the number of diseases that inhibit the immune system, the modern course of infection caused by Varicella zoster has features. If earlier herpes zoster was considered a disease of the age of 60 years or more, now they are increasingly ill persons under 60 years. The article shows that groups of people with secondary immunodeficiency have a higher risk of reactivation of Varicella zoster. Patients with HIV infection, myeloma and other immunocompromising diseases are more likely to be affected by herpes zoster. The data of own researches confirming the existing data that the chronic pathology directly or indirectly influencing cellular immunity, in particular, on T-lymphocytes, is also risk of occurrence at the age of 60 years are given. Due to the fact that the infection caused by Varicella zoster, against the background of secondary immunodeficiency occurs in a more severe form than in persons who do not suffer from immunodeficiency, the prevention of relapses of the disease by vaccination and chemoprophylaxis are discussed. In accordance with the existing views, the indications for specific prevention in HIV-infected and cancer patients are described. Important criteria are indicators of CD4 levels of lymphocytes, the stage of the underlying disease and the time elapsed after the last course of chemotherapy. Since all registered vaccines against Varicella zoster are live attenuated - this increases the risk of adverse events. Prospects of creation and ways of increase of the combined immunopreparations are discussed.
Journal Entries As Tools For Financial Statement Disclosure Of Pension Reporting And Other Comprehensive Income
Authors: E. Jackson Robert , Sneathen Jr. L. Dwight
Published: February 2020

This instructional tool draws a linkage between the journal entries required to record the activity of a defined benefit pension plan and the disclosures required under authoritative guidance. The quarterly and year-end adjusting entries are presented and linked to the financial statements and supplemental financial disclosures. These entries directly tie to amounts reflected in those disclosures to provide a more comprehensive analysis of the reporting process. The resulting analysis is beneficial for the understanding of pension accounting and the reporting of accumulated other comprehensive income.
Stilbenes in grapes and wines of Tannat, Marselan and Syrah from Uruguay
Authors: Favre Guzmán , Piccardo Diego , Sergio Gómez-Alonso , Pérez-Navarro José , García-Romero Esteban , Mena-Morales Adela , González-Neves Gustavo
Published: February 2020

Aim: The aim of the study was to investigate the stilbene composition of grapes and wines of the Vitis vinifera cultivars Tannat, Marselan and Syrah cultivated in Uruguay. The effects of delaying the harvest on stilbene concentrations were determined, and the stability of stilbenes during wine storage was assessed.Methods and results: Stilbene concentrations were determined in the grapes and wines of two vintages (2015 and 2016) and two harvest dates for each cultivar. Vinification was carried out by traditional maceration, and samples of the wines of each vintage were analysed in the period from 3 months after devatting to up to 24 months later. After solid-phase extraction, stilbenes were identified and quantified by HPLC-ESI-MS/MS using a multiple reaction-monitoring approach. In the grape berries, stilbene concentrations were between 1.6 and 7.7 mg/kg, depending on grape cultivar, growing season, and in Syrah, harvest date. In the wines, stilbene concentrations were initially between 0.9 and 5.0 mg/L, being highest in Syrah, lowest in Marselan, and intermediate in Tannat. Stilbene concentrations in the Marselan wines were lower than expected based on stilbene concentrations in the grapes from which they were produced, suggesting poor extraction during winemaking. Total stilbene concentrations remained very stable during the analytical period.Conclusions: Delaying the harvest does not necessarily increase the stilbene content of grapes, but it can do so significantly, as shown for Syrah. For some grape cultivars, such as Marselan, poor extraction of stilbenes during winemaking can limit their concentrations in the resulting wines.Significance and impact of the study: The results of this study show the relevance of grape cultivar, degree of maturity and storage time may have into stilbenes. They provide reference data on the stilbene composition of grapes and wines produced under Uruguayan winegrowing conditions. The high stability of stilbenes during wine storage is relevant for consumers interested in red wine as a source of bioactive compounds.
In memory of Prof. Isidro Hermosín-Gutiérrez.