bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analisis Faktor Faktor Yang Berhubungan Dengan Kelancaran ASI Pada Ibu Menyusui Di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Lhoong Kabupaten Aceh Besar
Authors: Rahmi Nuzulul , Merleni Merleni
Published: March 2020

AbstrakAir susu ibu (ASI) merupakan nutrisi alamiah terbaik bagi bayi karena mengandung kebutuhan energi dan zat yang dibutuhkan selama enam bulan pertama kehidupan bayi. Namun, ada kalanya seorang ibu mengalami masalah dalam pemberian ASI, kendala yang utama adalah karena produksi ASI tidak lancar (Saleha, 2013). Data yang diperoleh dari Puskesmas Lhoong Kabupaten Aceh Besar, pada tahun 2017 sasaran ASI eksklusif sebanyak 277 orang, dan yang memberikan ASI eksklusif hanya 135 orang (48,7%). Sedangkan jumlah ibu menyusui (bayi usia 0-6 bulan) periode Januari-November 2018 sebanyak 161 orang, yang mengalami kelancaran ASI ada 92 orang (57,1%), dan yang tidak lancar ASI ada 69 orang (42,8%). Tujuan Penelitian ini untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kelancaran ASI pada ibu menyusui di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Lhoong Kabupaten Aceh Besar. Penelitian ini bersifat analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh ibu seluruh ibu menyusui bayi usia 1-6 bulan yang berjumlah 150 orang. Tehnik pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara Simple Random Sampling dengan  jumlah sampel yang didapatkan yaitu 60 orang. Pengumpulan data dilakukan pada tanggal 2-29 April 2019. Analisa data dilakukan dengan menggunakan uji chi-square dengan batas kemaknaan 95% (P≤ 0,05). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ada hubungan pengetahuan dengan kelancaran ASI pada ibu menyusui dimana P-value= 0,001, ada hubungan IMD dengan kelancaran ASI pada ibu menyusui dimana P-value=0,029, ada hubungan frekuensi menyusui dengan kelancaran ASI pada ibu menyusui dimana P-value= 0,005, dan ada hubungan perawatan payudara dengan kelancaran ASI pada ibu menyusui dimana P-value= 0,030.
PERANCANGAN PROTOTYPE LAMPU OTOMATIS BERBASIS SENSOR PIR DAN MIKROKONTROLER ARDUINO UNO
Authors: Rahmad Muhammad , Wibawa Muhammad Bayu
Published: March 2020

Penggunaan peralatan elektronik pada saat ini tidak terlepas dari penggunaan tenaga listrik.  Sementara itu  penggunaan  yang berkelanjutan  sangat  berpengaruh  pada  besarnya biaya yang dikeluarkan para pengguna. Biaya listrik yang terus naik umumnya di Indonesia, khususnya di Aceh yang diketahui bahwa daya listrik masih tidak mencukupi. Salah satu benda yang menggunakan tenaga listrik adalah bola lampu yang merupakan sebagai alat utama untuk penerangan disetiap rumah tangga, perkantoran dan institusi-institusi lainnya. Adanya kebiasaan  dari  masyarakat  yang sering  menghidupkan  lampu  untuk  keseluruhan ruangan, sedangkan penerangan yang digunakan hanya satu  ruangan saja, untuk mengatasi hal ini diperlukan sebuah perangkat yang dapat mengontrol kebiasaan tersebut. Solusi yang digunakan   pada kasus ini adalah   adanya pengontrol nyalanya   lampu secara otomatis. Teknologi yang digunakan pada kasus ini antara lain : sensor Pasive Infra Red dan Mikrokontroler Arduino uno. Dengan adanya perangkat  ini  dapat mengurangi beban biaya pemakaian   listrik   masyarakat,   perangkat   ini   dapat   digunakan   dalam   rumah   tangga, perkantoran dan instansi lainnya. Kata Kunci :  Prototype Lampu Otomatis, Mikrokontroller Arduino Uno, Sensor Infra Red
PERANCANGAN SISTEM PENYIRAMAN TANAMAN OTOMATIS BERBASIS MIKROKONTROLER ATMEGA328
Authors: Zulfikar M.
Published: March 2020

Salah satu metode penyiraman manual yang sering digunakan adalah menyiram dengan air melalui selang air kemudian ujung selang dipasangkan alat pemutar air yang berguna memutarkan air sehingga bisa menjangkau banyak tanaman. Kekurangan dari metode manual ini adalah pengguna tidak bisa mengetahui lama waktu penyiraman antara penyiraman sebelumnya dengan penyiraman sekarang dan ke depan. Akibatnya jika terlalu lama maka banyak air yang tersiram dan sebaliknya sehingga kelembaban dalam tanah pun akan semakin tinggi atau sebaliknya.  Padahal  semakin  tinggi  kelembaban  tanah  maka  tanaman  akan  mati.  Tujuan Penelitian adalah merancang prototipe sistem menyiraman tanaman otomatis yang menggunakan sistem waktu yang teratur dengan menggunakan Microkontroler Arduino dan pengaturan waktu penyiraman berbasis RTC (Real Time Clock). Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa RTC yang dirancang dapat bekerja dengan baik dengan menunjukkan tanggal dan waktu sesuai dengan hasil settingan oleh user dan penggunaan alat penyiraman otomatis tersebut pada sampel petani, menyatakan bahwa alat penyiraman sayuran otomatis ini layak untuk digunakan dalam masyarakat petani sayuran.Kata Kunci : Penyiraman Tanaman, Otomatisasi, Mikrokontroler.
RANCANG BANGUN FILM ANIMASI 3D DAMPAK KABUT ASAP TERHADAPAT LINGKUNGAN
Authors: Arhandha Teuku Gusti , Dewi Sarini Vita
Published: March 2020

AbstrakKebakaran hutan  yang hampir setiap tahun terjadi merupakan salah satu ancaman terhadapkelestarian hutan di indonesia, disamping itu telah mengakibatkan berbagai kerusakan yang merugikan   manusia.   Pembakaran   hutan   mengakibatkan   munculnya   kabut   asap   yang menyebabkan gagalnya panen pada persawahan, hilangnya tempat tinggal satwa liar, tumbuhan dan tanah menjadi kering, suhu panas bumi menjadi meningkat, serta kualitas udara menjadi sangat buruk. Penelitian ini bertujuan menghasilkan sebuah film animasi tentang dampak kabut asap  terhadap lingkungan, serta  memberikan informasi  yang lebih  informatif dalam  bentuk visual. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan kualitatif dengan metode Waterfall. Pembuatan film ini Animasi 3D ini mulai dari pembuatan tokoh dan objek menggunakan aplikasi Blender, untuk penggabungan scene dan penambahan lagu menggunakan Sony Vegas Pro, penambahan pada beberapa Scene menggunakan Adobe After Effect. Hasil yang didapat dengan adanya pembuatan film ini adalah mudah memahami informasi serta dapat mengimplementasikan tindakan pencegahan agar bencana kabut asap tidak selalu terulang Kata Kunci : Animasi 3D, Blender, Film, Kabut Asap.
PERANCANGAN APLIKASI PORTAL INFORMASI MAHASISWA PADA UNIVERSITAS UBUDIYAH INDONESIA BERBASIS ANDROID
Authors: Dewi Sarini Vita , Mayuska Edi Noviar
Published: March 2020

ABSTRAK Portal informasi pada sebuah universitas mempunyai peranan yang sangat penting bagi para mahasiswa, dosen serta staff universitas maupun yang lainnya. Kebutuhan informasi sekarang ini menjadi suatu kebutuhan yang tidak bisa diremehkan terutama di dunia pendidikan, bagi kalangan mahasiswa informasi harus cepat dan akurat agar tidak ketinggalan sesuatu hal. Penyampaian informasi kepada mahasiswa pada Universitas Ubudiyah Indonesia sekarang ini hanya bisa diakses melalui website, grup facebook, dan sms gateway. Penggunaan website dan grup facebook dalam memberikan pelayanan informasi masih memiliki kekurangan dalam pelaksanaanya, berdasarkan data dari Direktorat Administrasi Akademik (DAA) bahwasanya masih banyak mahasiswa yang ketinggalan informasi karena tidak adanya notifikasi khusus yang bersifat portable kepada mahasiswa. Selain itu Universitas Ubudiyah Indonesia juga memiliki smartphone khusus berbasis Android yang merupakan salah satu fasilitas yang ada. Fasilitas ini sangat mendukung karena Android bersifat portable dan mudah digunakan. Faktor inilah yang menjadikan penulis membangun aplikasi portal informasi berbasis android. Untuk mendukung penelitian ini maka pengambilan data dilakukan di Direktorat Administrasi Akademik selaku bidang yang membawahi pendistribusian informasi seputar perkuliahan. Aplikasi ini dibentuk diatas bahasa JAVA sebagai algoritma dan struktur data serta bahasa pemograman XML sebagai bahasa yang membentuk interface dari aplikasi. Notifikasi yang dikirimkan langsung ke smartphone Android menggunakan layanan Firebase Cloud Messaging.  Kata kunci : Android, Firebase Cloud Messaging, Java, Portal Informasi, Web Service
Developing of Thesaurus Software to Increase the Writing Quality of the Thesis of the Students at the German Language Department
Authors: Hafniati  , Risnovita Sari  , Pujiastuti Suci
Published: March 2020

The use of academic vocabulary is very important to increase the writing skills and quality of the academic writing of the students. Therefore, Thesaurus software needs to be developed that contains about the academic vocabulary that help the student’s writing and increase the quality of their academic writing, and to reduce the plagiarism. The purposes of the research are; (1) to develop of German language vocabulary with a Thesaurus software that increase the quality of academic writing in German (2) to see the effectiveness of German language vocabulary with a Thesaurus software in increasing the quality of academic writing. The special purpose of the research is increasing the quality of student’s academic writing from German Language Department at the Universitas Negeri Medan with the use of Thesaurus software for German language vocabulary. The method used is the ADDIE Model with five phases: Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation and Evaluation. The data is taken from the academic writing of the students of German Language Department and the books that used in the Wissenschaftliches Schreiben’s (Academic Writing) course and then developed into the German Language academic vocabulary Thesaurus software.
Illocutionary Acts in Jack Ma’s Inspiring Speech in His Graduation at The University of Hongkong
Authors: Puji Hariati  , Anni Holila Pulungan  , Rahmad Husein
Published: March 2020

This study addresses types of illocutionary acts in Jack Ma’s inspiring speech in his graduation at the University of Hongkong. The meaning or the function of an utterance in speech-acts can merely be analyzed based on the acts of illocution made by the speaker. In other words, the hearer will be able to give any responses to the utterances made by the speaker if he or she understands the intention of speaker’s utterances. The research is categorized as descriptive qualitative based on Moleong’s theory (2014:82). It aimed to find the types of illocutionary act performed by Jack Ma’s speech in his graduation at the University of Hongkong, to describe the intended forces of each type of illocutionary act performed in that speech, and to find out the context supported interpretation of meaning in illocutionary acts.   The findings indicates that there are 7 types of illocutionary acts such : 0 (0%) for declarative, 58 (62 %)  for  assertive, 11 (12 %) for  expressive, 3 (3 %) for   directive, 11 (12 %) for  commissive, 4 (4 %) for assertive expressive and 7 (7  %) for assertive directive.  It means that most of dominant of illocutionary acts is assertive. And context supported the interpreting of meaning performed illocutionary acts can be mentioned through the participants, the setting or social context of interaction, the topic, and the function. All these explanations guided the audience to catch the truly meaning of a speaker.
A Study on Flouting Maxims in Divergent Novel
Authors: Fitri Ernawati , Qodriani Laila Ulsi
Published: March 2020

This research focuses on flouting maxim in Divergent novel which aim is to find the types and the function of flouting maxim. The researchers used descriptive qualitative research because the researchers strived to analyze and discusses the sentences of utterances which performs flouting maxim in Divergent novel. This research uses pragmatic approach which uses Grice’s theory of maxim. The result of this study shows that 21 data which are appropriated with the characteristic of flouting maxim. They consist of 12 flouting maxim of quantity, 2 flouting maxim of quality and 7 flouting maxim of relevance. Based on the data analysis the researchers concluded: the functions for flouting maxim of quantity are to explain more about topic, to stress something and unwillingness to cooperate; the functions for flouting maxim of quality are to show panic, to convince the addressee and to hide something; the functions for flouting maxim of relevance are to change the topic of conversation and to avoid talking about something.
Women’s Power and Stereotype Denial in Pocahontas Movie
Authors: Aryangga Afri , Nurmaily Ely
Published: March 2020

The aim of this research is to explicate the women power around men and oppose the stereotype issues of woman who is better taking care than man who is better taking charge. In some cultures, woman is expected to be the caregivers, soft, weak, which are considered feminine attributes and man is expected to be the breadwinners, strong and powerful, which is seen as masculine traits. The object of this research is from Disney’s animation movie, Pocahontas. This movie shows the woman’s power by how the main character protected family and also society, moreover the stereotype denial also is seen by the main character in several extreme activities inside of the movie.
An Analysis of Code Switching in Leila S. Chudori’s For Nadira
Authors: Candra Lusiana Kartika , Qodriani Laila Ulsi
Published: March 2020

This research focused on analysis of types and reasons of using code switching by the characters in For Nadira novel. The writers applied Hoffman theory which functioned to categorize the types of code switching, and Holmes which functioned to explain the reason why the speakers do code switching. Besides, this research also adopted qualitative method, since the analysis dealt with words instead of numbers. The results of the analysis showed that there are four types of code switching occurred in For Nadira novel. Those are intra-sentential switches, inter-sentential switches, establishing continuity switches, and emblematic switching. Then, there are seven reasons influenced the characters in For Nadira novel switch their language. Those are to assert power, pride and status, to declare the solidarity, to express ethnic identity, to express self-emotion, to being more competence, to being more informative and to convey the speaker’s attitude to the listener.Key Words: Code switching, For Nadira, reason, sosiolinguistics, types
Blended-Learning: The Responses from Non-English Students in the Indonesian Tertiary Context
Authors: Sari Fatimah Mulya , Wahyudin Achmad Yudi
Published: March 2020

The process of language teaching and learning has undergone major changes due to the developments of technology. The use of technology in education field has paved the way for higher education institution to innovatively shape their modern media in a language teaching and learning. Subsequently, the implementation of blended-learning has aroused at the Universitas Teknokrat Indonesia for approximately one and a half year ago to maximize the use of technology. Most lecturers in all study programs have increasingly utilized the social network sites such as Instagram, Facebook, WhatsApp, etc. for the successfulness of blended-learning. This present study aims at exploring the students’ responses on how blended-learning might be used to develop their language learning and discovering their attitudes towards the implementation of blended-learning as an interactional teaching and learning tool in English for Business course. Employing a qualitative in form of a case study, eighty-two undergraduate students from study program of Informatics Engineering were observed, interviewed, and distributed questionnaires. The data were performed to collect the students’ responses and students’ attitudes toward the implementation of blended-learning in the process of their language learning. The findings were found out that most students from Informatics Engineering major showed their positive responses and positive attitudes using blended learning for the language teaching and learning. They also gained some educational benefits for their English language development. Thus, this blended learning brings us to the new trend for language teaching and learning media in order to motivate the students in enhancing their language acquisition.
The Translation of English Passive Voice into Indonesian
Authors: Simanjuntak Herlina Lindaria
Published: March 2020

English and Indonesian have different grammatical patterns and cultural values. That is why, many problems that students studying translation subject have to face. One of them is how to translate English Passive Voice into Indonesian. That is the reason the writer aims to do the research. The research is to describe the translation of English passive voice into Indonesian by analyzing two novels, which are Kristan Higgins’ Waiting on You and its translation Nina Andiana’s Penantian Terpanjang. This research uses qualitative method. The writer collected, identified, the data concerning with the translation of English passive voice. The results of the research shows that there are two categories of translating English passive voice into Indonesian, namely English passive voice can be translated both into Indonesian passive voice and English passive voice can be translated into Indonesian active voice. English passive voice is translated into Indonesian passive voice by using prefixes di- and ter-, meanwhile English passive voice is translated into Indonesian active voice by using prefixes me-, men-, and ber-. From forty one data which are identified there are 32 data (78.04%) of English passive voices translated into Indonesian passive voices and 9 data (21.96%) of English passive voices translated into Indonesian active voices.
Semantic Types of Subjects and Objects of the Verb LIE in American Corpus (COCA)
Authors: Citraresmana Elvi
Published: March 2020

This research discusses semantic types of subjects and objects of the verb lie and the phenomena of the usage of verb in American Corpus (COCA) from 1990 to 2012. This research describes the subjects who told lies frequently and the objects who received the lies from the subjects and what topics American usually had when they lied. The verb lie has two meanings, they are ‘not telling the truth’ and ‘to recline or lie down’. In this research, the verb lie refers to the meaning of ‘not telling the truth’. The corpus does not divide between those two meanings, so the writer collected and divided them manually. After that, the prospective ones were categorized based on frequency (F) in the highest, moderate, and low levels to be analyzed using descriptive-empirical method which is based on the speakers’ experiences. This was done to analyze and formulate the semantic types of the subjects of the verb ‘lie’ and the semantic types of the objects of the phrasal verb ‘lie to’ and ‘lie about’ during the period of 1990 until 2012. The theories are based on the corpus linguistics theory suggested by Firth (1957), Jones and Sinclair (1974), Sinclair et al. (2004), Cowie (1981, 1994) and Cowie et al. (1993), Stubbs (2002), Nesselhauf (2004),  McEnery and Hardie (2001, 2012). For the semantic types, this research refers to the theory of Sinclair (1991), Stubbs (2001), Dixon (2005), McEnery and Hardie (2012), and Hanks (1987, 2013). Lindquist (2009) inspired by Palmer (1933) proposes the adjacent collocation. The book published by Bureau of International Information Programs. U.S. Department of State (2005) was used in order to analyze the correlation between the phenomena of telling lies in America. The results of analysis show that the semantic types of the subjects are the subject as human, human group, human institution, and social group. The semantic types of the objects of phrasal verb of ‘lie to’ are institution, social group, and social human, human, human group. The semantic types of the objects of phrasal verb ‘lie about’ are social event, human action, human activity, and various things.Keywords: Adjacent collocation, corpus linguistics, frequency, semantic type
Exploring Teachers’ Use of First Language (L1) in EFL Classroom
Authors: Marsella Elisabeth
Published: March 2020

Teachers are always seen as the role model of the classroom. Students tend to imitate what the teachers speak and do, including in English classroom. It has been popular that in English classroom teachers impose the students to use English (L2) only. However, the practice showed that teachers still use L1 in their teaching. Regarding that fact, this study aims to investigate how teachers use first language (L1) in English classroom. The study involves experienced teachers from two private schools in Bekasi, a junior high school and a senior high school. Observations, video and audio recording, and interview were conducted to collect the data. From the data, it is obtained the teacher talk (TT) where the teachers mostly used English. Although the teachers used English and encouraged students to use English, it turned out that in some situation L1 is unavoidable. The teachers used L1 during the class learning. This teachers’ L1 was then analyzed from the perspective of initiation, response, feedback (IRF) exchange. The result shows that teachers performed typical acts and functions in the class interaction. Moreover, teachers’ L1 was not necessarily showing incompetence or reluctance to use L2. Rather, L1 use performed functions in the classroom that it helped teachers build students’ knowledge and manage the class more efficiently.
EFEKTIVITAS PASAL 1 PERATURAN DIREKTUR JENDRAL PAJAK NOMOR PER-18/PJ/2017
Authors: Rahman M Riza Aufa
Published: March 2020

Tahap Penelitian atau yang penulis biasa sebut dengan validasi SSP (Surat Setoran Pajak) merupakan tahap final dimana seorang wajib pajak telah melakukan kewajibannya dalam penyetoran pajak, dan dalam proses validasi itu sendiri tidak semua akan diterima oleh kantor pajak setempat karena masih akan dilakukan penelitian baik penelitian serara formil maupun materiil. Untuk mekanismenya validasi telah ditetapkan dalam Per-18/Pj/2017 Tentang Cara Penelitian Bukti Pemenuhan Kewajiban Penyetoran Pajak Penghasilan Atas Penghasilan Dari Pengalihan Hak Atas Tanah Dan/Atau Bangunan, Dan Perjanjian Pengikatan Jual Beli Atas Tanah Dan/Atau Bangunan Beserta Perubahannya. Efektifitas pasal 1 Peraturan Direktur Jendral Pajak Nomor Per-18/Pj/2017 di Kantor Pajak Pratama Kota Malang telah sesuai akan tetapi untuk pasal 1 ayat 2 masih belum dan untuk pengikatan jual beli, dan mengenai cara pembuktian bahwa wajib pajak telah memenuhi kewajiban penyetoran adalah dengan cara validasi ataupun telah di telitiKata Kunci: kewajiban, penyetoran, pemenuhan, pajak, validasiThe Research Phase or what the author commonly refers to as SSP validation (Tax Payment Deposit) is the final stage in which a taxpayer has carried out his obligations in tax payments, and in the process of validation itself not all will be accepted by the local tax office because there will still be done a research both formal and material. For the mechanism of validation, it has been stipulated in Per-18 / Pj / 2017 Regarding the Method of Research of Evidence of Fulfillment of Obligation of Income Tax on Income from Transfer of Land and / or Building Rights, and Agreement on Binding of Sale and Purchase of Land and / or Buildings and Amendments. The effectiveness of article 1 of the Regulation of the Director General of Tax Number Per-18 / Pj / 2017 in the Pratama Tax Office Malang is appropriate but for article 1 paragraph 2 it is still not yet for the binding of buying and selling, and regarding the means of proving that the taxpayer has fulfilled the payment obligation is by validation or thoroughlyKeywords: oblilgation, deposit, fulfillment, tax, validation
SOME HERMITE-HADAMARD TYPE INEQUALITIES FOR (ϕ, p, µ)−PREINVEX FUNCTIONS
Authors: KILINÇ Seda , YILDIRIM Hüseyin
Published: March 2020

In the present paper, a new class of convex functions isintroduced which is called (fi,p,mu)-preinvex functions.With the help of this new class we prove some of Hermite-Hadamard type inequalities for (fi,p,mu)-preinvex functions.
ON GENERATED GROUPS
Authors: DEMİRALP Sibel , HAÇAT Gülnur
Published: March 2020

In this paper we define a binary operation alpha on Y , called as generated operation. We have shown the basic features of this binary operation. The aim of this study is to define and investigate the properties of generated new semigroups and generated groups.
Assessing the Origin of Phosphonic Acid Residues in Organic Vegetable and Fruit Crops: The Biofosf Project Multi-Actor Approach
Authors: Trinchera Alessandra , Parisi Bruno , Baratella Valentina , Roccuzzo Giancarlo , Soave Ivano , Bazzocchi Carlo , Fichera Daniele , Finotti Mauro , Riva Francesco , Mocciaro Giacomo , Brigliadori Marco , Lazzeri Luca
Published: March 2020

Recently, on the EU market, phosphonic acid residues were detected in many organic goods, although fosetyl-derivates and phosphite salts are not allowed by Reg. EC n. 889/2009. The BIOFOSF project “Solving phosphite issue in organic fruit and horticultural crops” aimed at verifying whether the phosphonic acid contamination could be due to unproper use of fertilizers/plant protection products by organic farmers, or to the plant’s ability to self-produce it spontaneously. Applying a participative approach, field case-studies on potato, rocket lettuce, and pears were carried out (organic vs. integrated systems). The ethyl-phosphonic acid and phosphonic acid were determined in soil, tubers, leaves, fruits, tree woody organs, used fertilizers, and plant protection products to correlate them to the applied farming management. Tested crops were not able to self-synthetize phosphonic acid, being its detection due to: (i) external inputs not allowed in organic farming; (ii) fertilizers/plant protection products allowed in organic farming, contaminated by fosetyl or phosphite. In addition, it was found that tree crops can stock the phosphite in their woody organs, then translocate it from branches to leaves and fruits over time. Regression models applied to field data showed that fruit trees decontamination could take more than 5 years, depending on the starting value of phosphonic acid contamination, useful to define the phosphite maximum residue limit in organic fruit crops.
Gene Expression and Metabolite Profiling of Thirteen Nigerian Cassava Landraces to Elucidate Starch and Carotenoid Composition
Authors: Olayide Priscilla , Large Annabel , Stridh Linnea , Rabbi Ismail , Baldermann Susanne , Stavolone Livia , Alexandersson Erik
Published: March 2020

The prevalence of vitamin A deficiency in sub-Saharan Africa necessitates effective approaches to improve provitamin A content of major staple crops. Cassava holds much promise for food security in sub-Saharan Africa, but a negative correlation between β-carotene, a provitamin A carotenoid, and dry matter content has been reported, which poses a challenge to cassava biofortification by conventional breeding. To identify suitable material for genetic transformation in tissue culture with the overall aim to increase β-carotene and maintain starch content as well as better understand carotenoid composition, root and leaf tissues from thirteen field-grown cassava landraces were analyzed for agronomic traits, carotenoid, chlorophyll, and starch content. The expression of five genes related to carotenoid biosynthesis were determined in selected landraces. Analysis revealed a weak negative correlation between starch and β-carotene content, whereas there was a strong positive correlation between root yield and many carotenoids including β-carotene. Carotenoid synthesis genes were expressed in both white and yellow cassava roots, but phytoene synthase 2 (PSY2), lycopene-ε-cyclase (LCYε), and β-carotenoid hydroxylase (CHYβ) expression were generally higher in yellow roots. This study identified lines with reasonably high content of starch and β-carotene that could be candidates for biofortification by further breeding or plant biotechnological means.
Effects of Alternative Administration Programs of a Synbiotic Supplement on Broiler Performance, Foot Pad Dermatitis, Caecal Microbiota, and Blood Metabolites
Authors: Brugaletta Giorgio , De Cesare Alessandra , Zampiga Marco , Laghi Luca , Oliveri Chiara , Zhu Chenglin , Manfreda Gerardo , Syed Basharat , Valenzuela Luis , Sirri Federico
Published: March 2020

This research investigated the effects of different synbiotic administration programs on broiler productive performance and foot pad dermatitis (FPD). Molecular insights on caecal microbiota and plasma metabolomics were also performed. - A total of 1000 one-day-old male chicks were grouped by the synbiotic treatment. The synbiotic was either sprayed as gel droplets onto newly hatched chicks at the hatchery (100 g/10,000 birds) or supplemented in-feed during the entire rearing period (1000, 500, and 250 g/ton according to feeding phase), or both. Only the treatments’ combination produced significant results in comparison with the control group (untreated), improving feed conversion ratio from 14 to 29 d and in the overall period of the trial (1.570 vs. 1.509 and 1.643 vs. 1.596, respectively; p < 0.05) while lowering FPD occurrence at slaughter (17% vs. 5%; p < 0.05). These findings can be related to significant variations of caecal microbiota, like higher Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio (with favorable implications for host’s energy-harvesting potential from the diet) and more beneficial microbial consortium presumably sustaining eubiosis. Overall, these results indicate that administering synbiotics through gel droplets at the hatchery combined to in-feed supplementation for the whole growing cycle positively affects broiler feed efficiency and welfare.
A New Computational Model of Step Gauge Calibration Based on the Synthesis Technology of Multi-Path Laser Interferometers
Authors: Ren Guoying , Qu Xinghua , Chen Xiangjun
Published: March 2020

A step gauge is a commonly used length standard for international comparison, and its calibration accuracy is often used as a sign to measure a country’s length Calibration and Measurement Capability (CMC). Based on this, some developed countries and developing countries all over the world have been carrying out the research of precision calibration technology for step gauge. On the basis of summarizing the current situation of step gauge calibration technology in other countries, this paper presents a new computational model of step gauge calibration based on the Synthesis Technology of Multi-Path Laser Interferometers (SMLI) and an auto-collimator, which can synthesize the three laser light paths into the measured centerline of step gauge. It is very important to obtain a good measurement accuracy for the step gauge, conformed to the Abbe principle, no matter where it is installed on the CMM measurement platform. In this paper, the development of the mathematical model, the data collection algorithms, data analysis techniques, and measurement uncertainty budgets are discussed. Finally, the experimental measurement is carried out and the measurement accuracy is verified to be effective. The results show that this method can effectively avoid the influence of Abbe error in length measurement, and significantly enhance the calibration accuracy of the step gauge.
The First Stages of Chemical and Electrochemical Aniline Oxidation—Spectroscopic Comparative Study
Authors: Morávková Zuzana , Šeděnková Ivana , Bober Patrycja
Published: March 2020

There are several types of aniline oligomers that can be formed in the early stages of aniline oxidation: linear oligomers with repeating units joined in para positions, and various branched and polycyclic oligomers, being the two most important groups. The fraction of these different oligomeric groups depends upon the reaction conditions of aniline oxidation. The aim of this study was to analyze the first products of the chemical and electrochemical oxidation of aniline at the (starting) pH 1 and 7, in order to specify the conditions of the formation of phenazine-like oligomers, and to test the theory that they have an important role in polyaniline film formation. We have confirmed that phenazine-like oligomers do not form at pH 1, neither in the chemical nor the electrochemical oxidation of aniline; however, they form in both chemical and electrochemical oxidation of aniline at pH 7. Phenazine-like oligomers are thus definitely not necessary intermediates for PANI film formation, not even in the chemical polymerization of aniline. Finally, the redox behavior of phenazine-like oligomers was demonstrated in a medium at pH 1.
Relative Environmental, Economic, and Energy Performance Indicators of Fuel Compositions with Biomass
Authors: Glushkov Dmitrii , Nyashina Galina , Medvedev Valeriy , Vershinina Kseniya
Published: March 2020

The present study deals with the experimental research findings for the characteristics of ignition (ignition delay times, minimum ignition temperature) and combustion (maximum combustion temperature, concentration of anthropogenic emission), as well as theoretical calculations of integral environmental, economic, and energy performance indicators of fuel compositions based on coal processing waste with the most typical types of biomass (sawdust, leaves, straw, oil-containing waste, and rapeseed oil). Based on the results of the experiments, involving the co-combustion of biomass (10% mass) with coal processing waste (90% mass) as part of slurry fuels, we establish differences in the concentrations of NOx and SOx in the gaseous combustion products. They make up from 36 to 218 ppm when analyzing the flue gases of coal and fuel slurries. Additionally, the values of relative environmental, economic, and energy performance indicators were calculated for a group of biomass-containing fuel compositions. The calculation results for equal weight coefficients are presented. It was shown that the efficiency of slurry fuels with biomass is 10%–24% better than that of coal and 2%–8% better than that of filter-cake without additives. Much lower anthropogenic emissions (NOx by 25%–62% and SOx by 61%–88%) are confirmed when solid fossil fuels are partly or completely replaced with slurry fuels.
An Anatomical-Based Subject-Specific Model of In-Vivo Knee Joint 3D Kinematics From Medical Imaging
Authors: Nardini Fabrizio , Belvedere Claudio , Sancisi Nicola , Conconi Michele , Leardini Alberto , Durante Stefano , Parenti-Castelli Vincenzo
Published: March 2020

Biomechanical models of the knee joint allow the development of accurate procedures as well as novel devices to restore the joint natural motion. They are also used within musculoskeletal models to perform clinical gait analysis on patients. Among relevant knee models in the literature, the anatomy-based spatial parallel mechanisms represent the joint motion using rigid links for the ligaments’ isometric fibres and point contacts for the articular surfaces. To customize analyses, therapies and devices, there is the need to define subject-specific models, but relevant procedures and their accuracy are still questioned. A procedure is here proposed and validated to define a customized knee model based on a spatial parallel mechanism. Computed tomography, magnetic resonance and 3D-video-fluoroscopy were performed on a healthy volunteer to define the personalized model geometry. The model was then validated by comparing the measured and the replicated joint motion. The model showed mean absolute difference and standard deviations in translations and rotations, respectively of 0.98 ± 0.40 mm and 0.68 ± 0.29 ° for the tibia–femur motion, and of 0.77 ± 0.15 mm and 2.09 ± 0.69 ° for the patella–femur motion. These results show that accurate personalized spatial models of knee kinematics can be obtained from in-vivo imaging.
CFD-Based Metamodeling of the Propagation Distribution of Styrene Spilled from a Ship
Authors: Jeong Chan Ho , Ko Min Kyu , Lee Moonjin , Lee Seong Hyuk
Published: March 2020

The present study aimed to numerically establish a new metamodel for predicting the propagation distribution of styrene, which is one of the hazardous and noxious substances (HNSs) spilled from ships. Three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations were conducted for 80 different scenarios to gather large amounts of data on the spatial distribution of the change in concentration over time. We used the commercial code of ANSYS Fluent (V.17.2) to solve the Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations, together with the scalar transport equation. Based on the CFD results, we adopted the well-known kriging model to create a metamodel that estimated the propagation velocity and spatial distributions by considering the effect of the current surface velocity, deep current velocity, surface layer depth, and crack position. The results show that the metamodel accurately predicted the changes in the local distribution of styrene over time. This model was also evaluated using the hidden-point test.
High-Performance Color-Converted Full-Color Micro-LED Arrays
Authors: Kim Won Hee , Jang Young Jae , Kim Ja-Yeon , Han Myungsoo , Kang MinJae , Yang Kiyong , Ryou Jae-Hyun , Kwon Min-Ki
Published: March 2020

Color-converted micro-LED displays consisting of mono-blue-colored micro LED arrays and color-conversion materials have been used to achieve full color while reliving the transfer and epitaxial growth of three different-colored micro LEDs. An efficient technique is suggested to deposit the color-conversion layers on the blue micro LEDs by using a mixture of photo-curable acrylic and nano-organic color-conversion materials through the conventional lithography technique. This study attempts to provide a solution to fabricate full-color micro-LED displays.
Selection of the Appropriate Phase Change Material for Two Innovative Compact Energy Storage Systems in Residential Buildings
Authors: Zsembinszki Gabriel , Fernández Angel G. , Cabeza Luisa F.
Published: March 2020

The implementation of thermal energy storage systems using phase change materials to support the integration of renewable energies is a key element that allows reducing the energy consumption in buildings by increasing self-consumption and system efficiency. The selection of the most suitable phase change material is an important part of the successful implementation of the thermal energy storage system. The aim of this paper is to present the methodology used to assess the suitability of potential phase change materials to be used in two innovative energy storage systems, one of them being mainly intended to provide cooling, while the other provides heating and domestic hot water to residential buildings. The selection methodology relies on a qualitative decision matrix, which uses some common features of phase change materials to assign an overall score to each material that should allow comparing the different options. Experimental characterization of the best candidates was also performed to help in making a final decision. The results indicate some of the most suitable candidates for both systems, with RT4 being the most promising commercial phase change material for the system designed to provide cooling, while for the system designed to provide heating and domestic hot water, the most promising candidate is RT64HC, another commercial product.
Deep Convolutional Neural Networks Based Analysis of Cephalometric Radiographs for Differential Diagnosis of Orthognathic Surgery Indications
Authors: Lee Ki-Sun , Ryu Jae-Jun , Jang Hyon Seok , Lee Dong-Yul , Jung Seok-Ki
Published: March 2020

The aim of this study was to evaluate the deep convolutional neural networks (DCNNs) based on analysis of cephalometric radiographs for the differential diagnosis of the indications of orthognathic surgery. Among the DCNNs, Modified-Alexnet, MobileNet, and Resnet50 were used, and the accuracy of the models was evaluated by performing 4-fold cross validation. Additionally, gradient-weighted class activation mapping (Grad-CAM) was used to perform visualized interpretation to determine which region affected the DCNNs’ class classification. The prediction accuracy of the models was 96.4% for Modified-Alexnet, 95.4% for MobileNet, and 95.6% for Resnet50. According to the Grad-CAM analysis, the most influential regions for the DCNNs’ class classification were the maxillary and mandibular teeth, mandible, and mandibular symphysis. This study suggests that DCNNs-based analysis of cephalometric radiograph images can be successfully applied for differential diagnosis of the indications of orthognathic surgery.
Reducing Acidity of Tropical Acid Soil to Improve Phosphorus Availability and Zea mays L. Productivity through Efficient Use of Chicken Litter Biochar and Triple Superphosphate
Authors: Maru Ali , Haruna Ahmed Osumanu , Asap Audrey , Majid Nik Muhamad Abd. , Maikol Nathaniel , Jeffary Alicia Vanessa
Published: March 2020

Phosphorus is a macronutrient which plays an important role in plant metabolism, growth, and development. However, in tropical acid soils, P fixation is high because of significant amounts of Al and Fe ions. Al and Fe ions can reduce diffusion of P into plant roots. Low absorption of P at initial growth of most plants causes stunting and slow growth of plant leaves. This process reduces photosynthesis. Chicken litter biochar (CLB) had been used on tropical acid soils to improve total P, available P, organic P, and inorganic fractions of P. Moreover, CLB is able to reduce exchangeable acidity, Fe, and Al ions in mineral acid soils because of the reactive surfaces of this organic amendment. However, there is dearth of information on the effects of the right combination of CLB and triple superphosphate (TSP) on the aforementioned soil chemical properties and crop productivity. To this end, the objectives of this study were to improve P: (i) Availability in a mineral acid soil and (ii) uptake, agronomic efficiency, and dry matter yield of Zea mays L. using the right amounts of TSP and CLB. Combinations of 75%, 50%, and 25% CLB (based on recommended 5 t ha−1) and TSP (based on recommended P fertilization for maize) were evaluated in a pot study. Selected soil chemical properties, maize plants nutrient uptake, growth variables, and dry matter yield were determined using standard measures. Results showed that 25% and 50% biochar of 5 t ha−1 with 75% TSP can increase soil P availability, recovery, agronomic use efficiency, and dry matter yield of maize plants. These optimum rates can also reduce P fixation by Al and Fe ions. Therefore, soil and maize productivity can be improved by using CLB (25% and 50% of 5 t ha−1) and TSP (75% of conventional rate) to increase nutrients availability especially P.
A Statistical Investigation of Mesoscale Precursors of Significant Tornadoes: The Italian Case Study
Authors: Ingrosso Roberto , Lionello Piero , Miglietta Mario Marcello , Salvadori Gianfausto
Published: March 2020

In this study, mesoscale environments associated with 57 significant tornadoes occurring over Italy in the period 2000–2018 are analyzed. The role of the vertical Wind Shear in the lower and middle troposphere, in terms of low-level shear (LLS) and deep-level shear (DLS), and of the convective available potential energy (CAPE) as possible precursors of significant tornadoes is statistically investigated. Wind shear and CAPE data are extracted from the ERA-5 and ERA-Interim reanalyses. Overall, the study indicates that: (a) values of these variables in the two uppermost quartiles of their statistical distribution significantly increases the probability of tornado occurrences; (b) the probability increases for increasing values of LLS and DLS, and (c) is maximum when either wind shear or CAPE are large. These conclusions hold for both the reanalysis datasets and do not depend upon the season and/or the considered area. With the possible exception of weak tornadoes, which are not included in our study, our results show that large wind shear, in the presence of medium-to-high values of CAPE, are reliable precursors of tornadoes.
Irrigation Groundwater Quality Characteristics: A Case Study of Cyprus
Authors: Nikolaou Georgios , Neocleous Damianos , Christophi Christos , Heracleous Theodosia , Markou Marinos
Published: March 2020

This study was conducted in order to investigate possible quality changes in Cyprus’ groundwater resources over a 10-year period of pumping and to check the suitability of primary irrigation water. Water samples (n = 890) from private wells in agricultural areas were analyzed from 2009 to 2018 to determine various physicochemical properties. The sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) and residual sodium carbonate (RSC) were also calculated to evaluate potential soil degradation issues. Sodium, chloride and sulphate were found to be the predominant ions in groundwater. Quality evaluation showed possible restrictions in groundwater use for irrigation in relation to its salt content and the toxicity of specific ions having adverse effects on sensitive and several moderately sensitive crops. In particular, an increasing trend was observed in pumped groundwater for boron ion concentrations. Nevertheless, all samples evaluated were suitable for irrigation in terms of soil sodicitation and soil infiltration rate. This study indicates that in order to maintain long-term agricultural sustainability it is imperative to develop strategic plants to mitigate the adverse effects of water-pumped quality deterioration on soils and crops. Precision agriculture techniques may be adapted for better water and nutrient input/output management, thus protecting groundwater from salinization in agricultural areas. These results, among others, may be a useful tool to enhance the ability of Cyprus’s agricultural water sector to adapt to observed and anticipated climate impacts.
An Alternatively Translated Connexin 43 Isoform, GJA1-11k, Localizes to the Nucleus and Can Inhibit Cell Cycle Progression
Authors: Epifantseva Irina , Xiao Shaohua , Baum Rachel E. , Kléber André G. , Hong TingTing , Shaw Robin M.
Published: March 2020

Connexin 43 (Cx43) is a gap junction protein that assembles at the cell border to form intercellular gap junction (GJ) channels which allow for cell–cell communication by facilitating the rapid transmission of ions and other small molecules between adjacent cells. Non-canonical roles of Cx43, and specifically its C-terminal domain, have been identified in the regulation of Cx43 trafficking, mitochondrial preconditioning, cell proliferation, and tumor formation, yet the mechanisms are still being explored. It was recently identified that up to six truncated isoforms of Cx43 are endogenously produced via alternative translation from internal start codons in addition to full length Cx43, all from the same mRNA produced by the gene GJA1. GJA1-11k, the 11kDa alternatively translated isoform of Cx43, does not have a known role in the formation of gap junction channels, and little is known about its function. Here, we report that over expressed GJA1-11k, unlike the other five truncated isoforms, preferentially localizes to the nucleus in HEK293FT cells and suppresses cell growth by limiting cell cycle progression from the G0/G1 phase to the S phase. Furthermore, these functions are independent of the channel-forming full-length Cx43 isoform. Understanding the apparently unique role of GJA1-11k and its generation in cell cycle regulation may uncover a new target for affecting cell growth in multiple disease models.