bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Challenges Faced by Prehospital Emergency Physicians Providing Emergency Care to Patients with Advanced Incurable Diseases
Authors: Kamphausen Anne , Roese Hanna , Oechsle Karin , Issleib Malte , Zöllner Christian , Bokemeyer Carsten , Ullrich Anneke
Published: November 2019

Introduction. The aim of our study was to investigate challenges faced by emergency physicians (EPs) who provide prehospital emergency care to patients with advanced incurable diseases and family caregivers in their familiar home environment. Methods. Qualitative study using semistructured interviews with open-ended questions to collect data from 24 EPs. Data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Results. We identified nine categories of challenges: structural conditions of prehospital emergency care, medical documentation and orders, finding optimal patient-centered therapy, uncertainty about legal consequences, challenges at the individual (EP) level, challenges at the emergency team level, family caregiver’s emotions, coping and understanding of patient’s illness, patient’s wishes, coping and understanding of patient’s illness, and social, cultural, and religious background of patients and families. EPs strengthened that the integrations of specialized prehospital palliative care services improved emergency care by providing resources to patients and family caregivers, enhancing the quality and availability of medical documentation and accessibility of aftercare in emergencies. Areas of improvement that were identified were to promote emergency physicians’ knowledge and skills in palliative care, communication, and family caregiver support by education and training. Furthermore, structures for better care on-site, thorough medical documentation, and specialized palliative care emergency facilities in hospital and prehospital care were requested. Conclusion. Prehospital emergency care in patients with advanced incurable diseases in their familiar home environment may be improved by training EPs in palliative care, communication, and caregiver support competences. Results underline the importance of collaborative specialized palliative care and prehospital emergency care.
Child-Centred Care in HIV Service Provision for Children in Resource Constrained Settings: A Narrative Review of Literature
Authors: Mutambo Chipo , Shumba Kemist , Hlongwana Khumbulani W.
Published: November 2019

Introduction. Child-centred care approaches are increasingly gaining traction in healthcare; and are being applied in the delivery of HIV care for children in resource constrained settings. However, very little is known about their potential benefits. Methods. We synthesised literature from primary and secondary publications exploring the philosophical underpinnings of the concept of child-centred care, and its application to HIV service delivery for children in resource constrained settings. We concluded the review by suggesting a conceptual framework for mainstreaming and integrating child-centred care approaches in the management of HIV in resource constrained settings. Results. The philosophical underpinnings of child-centred care stem from human rights (child-rights), holism, the ecological model, and life-cycle approaches. Although there is no standard definition of child-centred care in the context of HIV, the literature review highlighted several phrases used to describe the “child-centredness” of HIV care for children. These phrases include: (i) Respect for child-healthcare rights. (ii) Using the lifecycle approach to accommodate children of different ages. (iii) Provision of age-appropriate HIV services. (iv) Meaningful participation and inclusion of the child in the healthcare consultation process. (v) Using age-appropriate language to increase the child’s understanding during healthcare consultations. (vi) Age-appropriate disclosure. (vii) Primary caregiver (PCG) participation and preparation (equipping the PCGs with information on how to support their children). (viii) Creation of a child-friendly healthcare environment. (ix) Consideration of the child ecological systems to have a holistic understanding of the child. (x) Partnership and collaborative approach between children, PCGs, and healthcare workers (HCWs). Conclusion. Child-centred care approaches can potentially increase child-participation, promote positive health outcomes and resilience in children living with a communicable, highly stigmatised and chronic condition such as HIV. More evidence from controlled studies is required to provide concrete results to support the application of child-centred care approaches in HIV care services.
A New Multiple-Symbol Differential Detection Strategy for Error-Floor Elimination of IEEE 802.15.4 BPSK Receivers Impaired by Carrier Frequency Offset
Authors: Zhang Gaoyuan , Han Congzheng , Ji Baofeng , Shi Congyu , Xie Ping , Yang Ling
Published: November 2019

In this paper, we pay our attention towards the noncoherent demodulation aspect of binary phase shift keying (BPSK) receivers for IEEE 802.15.4 wireless sensor networks (WSNs), and a carrier frequency offset invariant as well as error-floor free multiple-symbol differential detection (MSDD) strategy is proposed over the flat fading channel. This detector is an alternative to the multiple-symbol detector that has been considered almost exclusively in the past. In this new configuration, the receivers do not perform chip-level precompensation as in conventional scheme but bit-level postcompensation. That is, the bit-level autocorrelation operation is first implemented with the “raw” chip sample, and then the carrier frequency offset effect (CFOE) embedded in the achieved statistic is compensated. Correspondingly, the cumulative error in the detection metric is decreased so much that the pervasive error floor for the conventional MSDD scheme is suppressed. Also, complexity efficient estimators for the MSDD scheme are reinvestigated, analyzed, and summarized. Simulation results demonstrate that this new detection strategy may achieve rather more encouraging gain from differential and spread spectrum coding than the conventional single differential coherent detection (SDCD) scheme. The pervasive error floor is also eliminated as compared with conventional MSDD scheme even if the most simple estimator is configured under large bit observation length. Then, much transmitting energy may be saved for each chip symbol, which is practically desired for transmit-only nodes in WSNs.
Buffering Performance of High‐Speed Impact Space Penetrator with Foam‐Filled Thin‐Walled Structure
Authors: Luo Haitao , Li Yuxin , Liu Guangming , Yu Changshuai , Chen Shipeng
Published: November 2019

High‐speed penetrators carrying detection equipment impact planetary bodies at high speeds, and they are therefore buried at depths of up to several meters beneath the surface. During the friction and collision with the crust of the planet, the acceleration of the scientific instrumentation is significantly large. The vibration protection structure for scientific instrumentation is necessary for the reduction of the peak value of the acceleration response and the improvement of the survival rate. In this study, a penetrator with a multilayered energy absorbing structure was developed to improve the survival rate of the penetrator, of which the foam‐filled thin‐walled structure (FTS) was applied to the penetrating vibration‐damping structure. The penetration process of the penetrator into the planetary medium was simulated using the LS‐DYNA software platform. The results obtained using empirical formulas and theoretical derivations were compared with the results of the numerical analysis. The reliability of the penetrator limit element model was then verified by conducting an impulse response experiment and simulation. The results suggest that FTS has a positive influence on the isolation impact and energy absorption. Moreover, the vibration isolation effects of nine different FTSs were evaluated with respect to the following six factors: impact isolation efficiency, load efficiency, peak of acceleration, peak impact force, total energy absorption, and specific energy absorption. Furthermore, the design of the damping structure provides an indispensable solution for penetrator detection.
Multiobjective Sustainable Order Allocation Problem Optimization with Improved Genetic Algorithm Using Priority Encoding
Authors: Fan Zhiqiang , Li Shanshan , Gao Zhijun
Published: November 2019

Recently, incorporating carbon emissions into order allocation decisions has attracted considerable attention among scholars and industrialists. Moreover, affected by the random fluctuations of the man, machine, material, method, and environment (4M1E), the production process is usually imperfect with defective products. Reducing product defective rates can effectively improve the quality of the order allocation process. Therefore, considering product defective rate and carbon emission, a multiobjective integer nonlinear programming (INLP) formulation is presented to address this multiproduct, multiperiod, and multi‐OEM order allocation problem. Furthermore, exploring the existing literatures, an improved genetic algorithm using priority encoding (IGAUPE) is put forward as a novel optimization technique. Finally, numerical experiments are conducted to validate the correctness of the proposed INLP model as well as the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. Compared with the genetic algorithm using binary encoding (GAUBE), genetic algorithm using two‐layer encoding (GAUTE), and LINGO software, the experiment results show that IGAUPE can improve the efficiency and effectiveness within the predetermined time limit when solving large‐scale instances.
Motor Improvement in Adolescents Affected by Ataxia Secondary to Acquired Brain Injury: A Pilot Study
Authors: Peri Elisabetta , Panzeri Daniele , Beretta Elena , Reni Gianluigi , Strazzer Sandra , Biffi Emilia
Published: November 2019

Aim. To assess changes in locomotion and balance in adolescents affected by ataxia secondary to acquired brain injury after a rehabilitation treatment with physiotherapy and the Gait Real-time Analysis Interactive Lab (GRAIL), an immersive virtual reality platform. Methods. 11 ataxic adolescents (16(5) years old, 4.7(6.7) years from injury) underwent 20 45-minute sessions with GRAIL plus 20 45-minute sessions of physiotherapy in one month. Patients were assessed before and after rehabilitation with functional scales and three-dimensional multiple-step gait analysis. Results. Results showed significant improvements in ataxia score assessed by the Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia, in dimension D and E of Gross Motor Function Measure, in walking endurance and in balance abilities. Moreover, the training fostered significant changes at hip, knee, and ankle joints, and the decrease of gait variability, toward healthy references. Interpretation. In spite of the pilot nature of the study, data suggest that training with immersive virtual reality and physiotherapy is a promising approach for ataxic gait rehabilitation, even in chronic conditions.
Pricing Decisions of a Supply Chain with Multichannel Retailer under Fairness Concerns
Authors: Zhen Xueping , Shi Dan , Tsai Sang-Bing , Wang Wei
Published: November 2019

With the rapid development of the Internet, many traditional retailers have built their online channels. The fairness concern may play an important role in a dual‐channel supply chain with a multichannel retailer. This paper establishes a Stackelberg game model in which a manufacturer produces and sells products through direct online channel and a retailer sells directly to consumers through online and offline channels. The manufacturer’s fairness concern (advantageous inequity) and the retailer’s fairness concern (disadvantageous inequity) are considered. Four scenarios are investigated: no fairness concern (NF), the retailer fairness concern (RF), the manufacturer fairness concern (MF), and both the manufacturer and the retailer fairness concern (MRF). The theoretical analysis shows that if the manufacturer’s advantageous inequity concern is low, the profit of the whole supply chain in the MRF scenario is the greatest. Otherwise, the supply chain profit in the NF or RF scenario is the greatest. That is, the manufacturer’s and the retailer’s fairness concern may increase the profit of the supply chain. This study also finds that the manufacturer’s advantageous inequity concern can increase the social welfare. The retailer should not concern about fairness if the manufacturer has high fairness concern. Besides, this paper shows that the manufacturer’s selling price cannot be affected by the fairness concern. Adjusting the wholesale price is the only thing that the manufacturer can do to reduce disadvantageous or advantageous inequity. In the RF scenario, the role of the retailer’s disadvantageous inequity concern is to reallocate the supply chain profit. Our findings provide some managerial insights on the pricing decision when the multichannel retailer and the manufacturer consider the fairness.
Mathematical Modeling of Preclinical Alpha-Emitter Radiopharmaceutical Therapy
Authors: Karimian Alireza , Ji Nathan T. , Song Hong , Sgouros George
Published: November 2019

Preclinical studies, in vivo, and in vitro studies, in combination with mathematical modeling can help optimize and guide the design of clinical trials. The design and optimization of alpha-particle emitter radiopharmaceutical therapy (αRPT) is especially important as αRPT has the potential for high efficacy but also high toxicity. We have developed a mathematical model that may be used to identify trial design parameters that will have the greatest impact on outcome. The model combines Gompertzian tumor growth with antibody-mediated pharmacokinetics and radiation-induced cell killing. It was validated using preclinical experimental data of antibody-mediated 213Bi and 225Ac delivery in a metastatic transgenic breast cancer model. In modeling simulations, tumor cell doubling time, administered antibody, antibody specific-activity, and antigen-site density most impacted median survival. The model was also used to investigate treatment fractionation. Depending upon the time-interval between injections, increasing the number of injections increased survival time. For example, two administrations of 200 nCi, 225Ac-labeled antibody, separated by 30 days, resulted in a simulated 31% increase in median survival over a single 400 nCi administration. If the time interval was 7 days or less, however, there was no improvement in survival; a one-day interval between injections led to a 10% reduction in median survival. Further model development and validation including the incorporation of normal tissue toxicity is necessary to properly balance efficacy with toxicity. The current model is, however, useful in helping understand preclinical results and in guiding preclinical and clinical trial design towards approaches that have the greatest likelihood of success.

Significance:

Modeling is used to optimize αRPT.
Romidepsin Plus Liposomal Doxorubicin Is Safe and Effective in Patients with Relapsed or Refractory T-Cell Lymphoma: Results of a Phase I Dose-Escalation Study
Authors: Vu Khoan , Wu Chi-Heng , Yang Chen-Yen , Zhan Aaron , Cavallone Erika , Berry Wade , Heeter Pamela , Pincus Laura , Wieduwilt Matthew J. , William Basem M. , Andreadis Charalambos , Kaplan Lawrence K. , McCormick Frank , Porcu Pierluigi , Brammer Jonathan E. , Ai Weiyun Z.
Published: November 2019

Purpose:

The histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor romidepsin and the anthracycline liposomal doxorubicin (LD) have modest single-agent activity in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) and peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL). We investigated the safety and efficacy of the combination of these two agents in CTCL and PTCL.

Patients and Methods:

Using CTCL cell lines and primary CTCL tumor cells, we demonstrated synergistic antitumor activity with romidepsin plus doxorubicin. We then conducted a phase I dose-escalation study of the romidepsin/LD combination in relapsed/refractory CTCL and PTCL. The primary objective was to determine the MTD of romidepsin in combination with LD at 20 mg/m2 i.v., once every 28 days.

Results:

Eleven patients with CTCL and 12 patients with PTCL were treated. The MTD of romidepsin was determined to be 12 mg/m2. Grade 3/4 hematologic toxicities included thrombocytopenia (17%), anemia (13%), and neutropenia (9%). The most frequent treatment-related nonhematologic adverse events were fatigue (48%), nausea (48%), vomiting (35%), and anorexia (30%). Among 21 evaluable patients, the overall response rate was 70% [1 complete response (CR), 6 partial responses (PR)] in CTCL and 27% (3 CR, 0 PR) in PTCL. Of the patients with CTCL, 8 of 10 had skin response, including 6 patients (60%) achieving skin involvement less than 10% of their body surface area at time of best response.

Conclusions:

Romidepsin plus LD demonstrated an acceptable safety profile and promising clinical efficacy with deep skin responses in relapsed/refractory CTCL. Thus, this combination could be considered as a bridge to skin-directed treatment or allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation in patients with aggressive CTCL.
C-Shaped Scotoma after Complicated Cesarean Section: A Case of Acute Macular Neuroretinopathy
Authors: Rauchegger  Teresa , Blatsios Georgios , Haas Gertrud , Putz Günther , Zehetner Claus
Published: November 2019

Acute macular neuroretinopathy (AMN) is a rare retinal disease that produces transient or permanent visual impairment and occurs predominantly in young, Caucasian women of childbearing age. It is often characterized by wedge-like macular lesions. Although the cause of AMN is unknown, recent research suggests a microvascular etiology. Various vascular pathologies, including post-viral illness, oral contraceptives, and use of vasoconstrictive agents, have been associated with AMN. We present a case of a woman with C-shaped visual field defects in both eyes after inadvertent exposure to intravenous high-dose epinephrine during onset of spinal anesthesia. At present, only 8 cases of AMN after exposure to epinephrine have been described in literature. To our knowledge, this is the first case of AMN that presented following epinephrine injection during childbirth.
Chronological Observations of Iris Flocculi in a Japanese Family with Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm and Dissections
Authors: Mori Yuka , Hashida Noriyasu , Asao Kazunobu , Maruyama Kazuichi , Nishida Kohji
Published: November 2019

Iris flocculi, a type of hereditary iris pigment epithelial cyst, have been reported in association with smooth muscle α-2 actin (ACTA2) gene as the causative gene of familial thoracic aortic aneurysm and dissections (FTAAD). The purpose of the report was to examine morphological changes in the shape of flocculi and iris features over time by comparing infants to adults with FTAAD combined with iris flocculi. A Japanese family with FTAAD and bilateral iris flocculi and the Arg149Cys gene mutation was included. A slit-lamp photograph and anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) were used to evaluate the structure and location of iris flocculi. AS-OCT was also used to measure the internal shape and iris thickness of the dilated pupil muscle. A morphological change in the cyst was confirmed to be existent in the youngest cases. Pigment discoloration and iris atrophy of the iris body were observed in all cases. Besides, a decrease in iris thickness was observed with AS-OCT measurement. Changes across generations in iris flocculi occurred in a Japanese family with TAAD. ACTA2 gene abnormalities may cause iris atrophy and decrease thickness in addition to iris flocculi in early life. The prognosis is poor when FTAAD is combined with iris flocculi, and prevention of cardiovascular disease is necessary based on earlier findings of its emergence.
A checklist of rust fungi from Himachal Pradesh, India
Authors: Gautam Ajay Kumar , Avasthi Shubhi
Published: November 2019

An updated analysis of the diversity of rust fungi in Himachal Pradesh is provided herein as a product of field surveys, of mycological analysis, and of all forms of published documentation and literature.  The results of all forms of analysis revealed that Himachal Pradesh has 167 species of rust fungi belonging to the class Pucciniomycetes.  The class is represented by 11 families, 23 genera with 167 species.  The Pucciniaceae (96 species) followed by Phragmidiaceae (14 species) are the largest families of rust fungi reported from the state.  Rest of the families were found associated with 1–10 species of rust fungi.  The rust fungi (19 species) with uncertain placement are placed in incertae sedis.  The rust genera reported from Himachal Pradesh so far are Aecidium, Chrysomyxa, Coleosporium, Frommea, Gymnosporangium, Kuehneola, Kweilingia, Melampsora, Monosporidium, Ochrospora, Peridermium, Phakopsora, Phragmidium, Pileolaria, Puccinia, Pucciniastrum, Pucciniostele, Ravenelia, Skierka, Uredinopsis, Uredo, Urocystis, and Uromyces.
A new distribution record of the gall midge Octodiplosis bispina Sharma (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) from the Western Ghats of Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Vasanthakumar Duraikannu , Sharma Radheshyam Murlidhar , Senthilkumar Palanisamy
Published: November 2019

Studies on the insect fauna especially gall midges (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) of Tamil Nadu are relatively less in comparison to the other Indian region. Only fourty eight species of Cecidomyiidae have been reported so far from this region. The present study reports a gall midge,Octodiplosis bispina Sharma, 1987 as a new distributional record from Western Ghats of Tamil Nadu. Previously this species was reported from Aurangabad (Maharashtra) and Andaman Islands. The known distribution of this species now includes Tamil Nadu as well.
Vertebrate prey handling in the Indian Grey Hornbill Ocyceros birostris (Aves: Bucerotiformes: Bucerotidae)
Authors: Fitzsimons James A.
Published: November 2019

Most hornbills are omnivorous, but there are few specific records of how vertebrate prey are handled by hornbills, particularly in Asia. I describe an observation of a pair of Indian Grey Hornbills Ocyceros birostris handling a large vertebrate prey item (Garden Lizard Calotes versicolor) which included both manipulation (crushing) in the bill and repeated wiping on the branch of a tree, the latter technique undescribed for this or other species of hornbill. Likely reasons for this behaviour are discussed.
Notes on the extended distribution of Humboldtia bourdillonii (Fabales: Fabaceae), an Endangered tree legume in the Western Ghats, India
Authors: Balan Anoop P. , Robi A. J. , Predeep S. V.
Published: November 2019

Humboldtia bourdillonii is an Endangered tree legume; considered endemic to its type locality in the Periyar Tiger Reserve in Idukki District of Kerala State.  A new population of this highly threatened endemic species is located in the Vagamon Hills of Kottayam District which is about 70km away from its original locality.  The newly located population is drastically affected by the severe floods and landslides that occurred in Kerala state during August 2018.  Urgent conservation measures are needed to protect the population from further loss.
The Sally Walker Conservation Fund -- An appeal for support
Authors: . -
Published: November 2019

We announce the Sally Walker Conservation Fund at Zoo Outreach Organization to continue key areas of her interest. We seek your support and contribution to keep her dreams alive and to continue the long-standing commitments she made for the cause of wildlife conservation and zoos.
Association of Left Atrial Enlargement and Atrial Fibrillation With Cognitive Function and Decline: The ARIC‐NCS
Authors: Zhang Michael J. , Norby Faye L. , Lutsey Pamela L. , Mosley Thomas H. , Cogswell Rebecca J. , Konety Suma H. , Chao Tze‐Fan , Shah Amil M. , Solomon Scott D. , Alonso Alvaro , Chen Lin Y.
Published: November 2019

Background

Atrial fibrillation (
AF
) is associated with cognitive decline. Whether left atrial enlargement (
LAE
), a critical substrate for
AF,
is also associated is less well established. Therefore, we assessed the association of
LAE
and
AF
with cognitive decline in the ARIC‐NCS (Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Neurocognitive Study).

Methods and Results

Participants (n=3391; mean age, 75±5 years; 59% women) underwent cognitive tests and 2‐dimensional echocardiograms at visit 5 (2011–2013) and follow‐up cognitive tests at visit 6 (2016–2017).
LAE
was defined as left atrium volume index ≥34 mL/m
2
.
AF
was ascertained using study
ECG
s and hospitalization discharge codes. We assessed the association of
AF
and
LAE
with (a) cognitive domain scores at visit 5 and (b) cognitive domain score changes between visit 5 and visit 6. At visit 5, compared with the reference group (without
AF
, normal left atrium), participants with
LAE
and
AF
had significantly lower global cognition (
Z
score, −0.24; 95%
CI,
−0.38 to −0.10), whereas participants with
AF
and without
LAE
and participants with
LAE
and without
AF
did not have lower global cognition. In longitudinal analysis, compared with the reference group, participants with
AF
but without
LAE
had significantly greater decline in global cognition (
Z
score, −0.13; 95%
CI,
−0.21 to −0.06). However,
LAE,
with or without
AF,
was not associated with greater cognitive decline.

Conclusion

Although
LAE
with
AF
was significantly associated with lower cognitive function in cross‐sectional analysis,
LAE,
with or without
AF,
was not associated with greater cognitive decline over 5 years, highlighting the importance of evaluating longitudinal cognitive function. Future studies should have longer follow‐up and evaluate left atrium function.
Dissecting Cognitive Operations in Difficult Visual Search Using Response-locked Posterior Contralateral Negativity Event-related Potentials
Authors: Drisdelle Brandi Lee , Jolicoeur Pierre
Published: November 2019

We bisected the sequence of processing into operations taking place before or after the engagement of visual–spatial attention during a difficult search task using event-related potentials. We were able to assign variance in RTs associated with experimental factor effects to phases of processing by examining stimulus-locked (SLpcN) and response-locked (RLpcN) posterior contralateral negativity. Participants searched for a gray square with one gap among gray squares with two gaps. The number of displayed items (set size) and the number of response alternatives were varied. Both experimental manipulations affected the onset latency of the RLpcN, whereas the SLpcN showed small or no latency effects, suggesting they had effects after the initial deployment of attention. Moreover, amplitude effects in the RLpcN and SLpcN behaved similarly. Most importantly, different aspects of the RLpcN dissociated the experimental manipulations: Set size primarily affected processing between RLpcN onset and peak amplitude of the RLpcN, whereas the number of response alternatives affected the onset latency and the latency of peak amplitude of RLpcN. These results show how RLpcN activity can dissociate factor effects that are not separable with SLpcN activity during difficult search.
Theresa, I Miss You (Arsenale Veneto)
Authors: Kang Mia
Published: November 2019

This poem was written after a long day at the 2019 Venice Biennale. It is from a body of work—spanning research, writing, and performance—dedicated to Theresa Hak Kyung Cha. Cha's seminal autoethnography Dictée has been readily mobilized by the disciplinary demands of both Asian American and literary studies, becoming the beloved exception reifying the rule of the false (and racialized, and gendered) binary between expressivity and innovation. Meanwhile, Cha's visual, video, and performance work has remained relatively obscure. My project for Theresa wants to un-discipline her archive while interrogating my own marking as a “Korean” “American” artist. In order to write this introduction, I had to go into the rain in all white, to move through silence with a hand to my mouth. In addressing these texts and rituals to Theresa, I seek to acknowledge the exchange we make in communing with the lost.
Transnational, National, and Ecumenical Convergences: The Baptist, Anglican, and Orthodox Reactions to the Romanian 1938 Religion Law
Authors: Ploscariu Iemima
Published: November 2019

The Romanian Ministry of Religious Denominations passed Decision nr. 26208 in 1938, severely curtailing the activity of a number of religious associations. The most numerous of these were the Baptists. They maintained close ties with ethnic minority co-religionists within Romania and collaborated with religious organizations abroad, especially the Baptist World Alliance (bwa). The latter resulted in conflict with Romanian government and ecclesiastical authorities. The actions of the bwa in opposition to the Decision reveal the extent to which transnational organizations influenced the development of policies concerning religion during the crucial years leading into World War ii. Using previously unused archival material, the article draws out the role of domestic religious minorities in the struggle between the Church, the State, minority groups, and foreign powers and provides a fascinating convergence of national, transnational, and ecumenical attempts at changing the religious space in Europe.
Carl Schmitt, Nomos of the Earth, and the Question of Historic Title in International Law
Authors: Carty Anthony
Published: November 2019

The Western international law of territory starts from a standpoint of the priority of the State over its population. The latter is merely an object of the ownership of the State. Title to territory rests on dominant evidence of State activity. The activity of so-called private individuals or economic activity of peoples do not count towards title to territory in the case law of international tribunals. This article contests the foundations of such a perspective. The so-called Western law of territory was devised by Western States to divide up among themselves the territory of non-Western ‘non-peoples’, culminating in the racist Island of Palmas Arbitration. Carl Schmitt provides the makings of an alternative history of the law of territory. It is, and should be, the law of the homelands of peoples, historically located on particular spaces. Peoples precede States, which are merely institutions used by Peoples to protect and administer their homelands. Whatever the difficulties of locating the homelands to which Peoples belong, escape into the so-called Western law of territory as a way to ‘Peace through the Rule of Law’ is an illusion – described contemptuously by the political theorist Raymond Aron as a Law of empty spaces. Without justice, there is no law.
The International Law of the Sea
Authors: Whomersley Christopher
Published: November 2019

The concept of “historic rights” has been much discussed recently in the light of the arbitral award in the Philippines v. China case. The United Kingdom, as a major maritime power, has had long experience of dealing with claims about such rights and those which are similarly worded. This includes the seminal case of the Anglo-Norwegian Fisheries case in the International Court of Justice, as well as two other international decisions and a judgment of what is now the Court of Justice of the European Union (EU). In addition, the London Fisheries Convention and the European Union’s Common Fisheries Policy seem to employ terminology to similar effect. Finally, it is interesting to speculate about whether claims to historic rights will be made by other EU Member States after BREXIT.
Begonia itaipeensis (Begoniaceae), a new species endemic to Atlantic Coastal Forest in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Authors: JACQUES ELIANE DE LIMA
Published: November 2019

Begonia itaipeensis (Begoniaceae), a new narrow endemic species from the Brazilian Atlantic Coastal Forest is described and illustrated. This species resembles B. friburgensis Brade but is readily distinguished from that species by its rupicolous habit, leaves with long petioles, and transversely ovate leaf blades.
A new genus and species of cixiid planthopper (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Fulgoroidea) from the Reserva Privada el Silencio de Los Angeles Cloud Forest in Costa Rica
Authors: BAHDER BRIAN W. , BARTLETT CHARLES R. , BARRANTES EDWIN A. BARRANTES , ECHAVARRIA MARCO A. ZUMBADO , HUMPHRIES ALESSANDRA R. , HELMICK ERICKA E. , GOSS ERICA M. , ASCUNCE MARINA S.
Published: November 2019

Myxia belinda gen. et sp. nov. is established for a new taxon of Cixiidae in the tribe Oecleini collected from palms in Costa Rica. The new taxon was discovered while surveying palms for potential phytoplasma vectors. Placement in a new genus is supported by a 1,383 bp sequence of 18S that differs by 2.77% from Haplaxius, 5.20% from Myndus taffini, and 2.80% from Nymphomyndus caribbea. Intrageneric variation for 18S was found to be approximately 0.5% to 0.6% within Haplaxius. Generic level differences within the Oecleini for COI ranged from 15% to 17% with the novel taxon differing by about 16% from other genera. The new genus is most similar in appearance to Haplaxius but possesses striking sexual dimorphism, and the aedeagus is only partially surrounded by the phallobase (versus entirely enveloped in Haplaxius). The discovery of a novel taxon of cixiid on palms that is similar to Haplaxius is important because of the role that Haplaxius crudus plays in phytoplasma transmission in palm agro- and natural ecosystems.
A new species and records of the genus Amphichroum Kraatz, 1857 (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Omaliinae: Anthophagini) from Sichuan, China
Authors: SHAVRIN ALEXEY V.
Published: November 2019

The omaliine genus Amphichroum Kraatz, 1857 includes 25 species distributed in the Holarctic Region, thirteen species of which are known from China and Tibet (Shavrin & Smetana 2018). This paper presents description of a new species of Amphichroum collected in Huanglong Shan range in Sichuan. Besides that, records of two species of the genus from the same province are provided.
Deformation Mechanisms and Dislocations in Nickel–Cobalt Core–Shell Nanowires Under Uniaxial Tensile Loading—A Molecular Dynamics Modeling Analysis
Authors: Shiave Ali Imran , Tomar Ravi Pratap Singh , Espinosa Ingrid Padilla , Mohan Ram
Published: November 2019

One-Dimensional nanostructures are of great importance due to their unique electrical, magnetic and mechanical properties. Because of the size constraints, it is impractical to obtain and understand their mechanical properties, deformation behavior and associated mechanisms experimentally,
while atomistic computational modeling offers a viable approach. Several studies have focused on pure metallic and compound nanowires; however, investigations and data for core–shell nanowires is still very limited. Present work models and analyzes Nickel–Cobalt (Ni–Co) core–shell
nanowire systems under uniaxial tensile loading via molecular dynamics (MD) modeling. Present studies and analysis focus on predictive mechanical properties as well as insights on deformation mechanisms and dislocations during uniaxial tensile loading. Further, pure Ni and Co nanowire systems
of similar configurations are modeled, and compared to our findings of core–shell nanowire systems. Results indicate that crystal mismatch in the region of core–shell interface have a significant effect, and plays an important role in the deformation process. Evolution of dislocations
during uniaxial tensile loading deformation process, following a dislocation extraction analysis are presented and discussed. Further investigations of the core–shell nanowire structures involved a systematic study on the effect of core size on the predicted mechanical properties. Results
indicate that the yield strength and Young's modulus indicated a linear increase for nickel shell–cobalt core systems with a Cobalt core for increasing core sizes, while maintaining nearly similar volume, length, and outer diameter of the core–shell nanowire system. Cobalt shell–nickel
core nanowire systems with nickel core however was found not to depict any such definitive characteristics.
Near-Global Atmospheric Responses to Observed Springtime Tibetan Plateau Snow Anomalies
Authors: Liu Shizuo , Wu Qigang , Schroeder Steven R. , Yao Yonghong , Zhang Yang , Wu Tongwen , Wang Lei , Hu Haibo
Published: November 2019

Previous studies show that there are substantial influences of winter–spring Tibetan Plateau (TP) snow anomalies on the Asian summer monsoon and that autumn–winter TP heavy snow can lead to persisting hemispheric Pacific–North America-like responses. This study further investigates global atmospheric responses to realistic extensive spring TP snow anomalies using observations and ensemble transient model integrations. Model ensemble simulations are forced by satellite-derived observed March–May TP snow cover extent and snow water equivalent in years with heavy or light TP snow. Heavy spring TP snow causes simultaneous significant local surface cooling and precipitation decreases over and near the TP snow anomaly. Distant responses include weaker surface cooling over most Asian areas surrounding the TP, a weaker drying band extending east and northeast into the North Pacific Ocean, and increased precipitation in a region surrounding this drying band. Also, there is tropospheric cooling from the TP into the North Pacific and over most of North America and the North Atlantic Ocean. The TP snow anomaly induces a negative North Pacific Oscillation/western Pacific–like teleconnection response throughout the troposphere and stratosphere. Atmospheric responses also include significantly increased Pacific trade winds, a strengthened intertropical convergence zone over the equatorial Pacific Ocean, and an enhanced local Hadley circulation. This result suggests a near-global impact of the TP snow anomaly in nearly all seasons.
The Coupling of NSSL Warn-on-Forecast and FLASH Systems for Probabilistic Flash Flood Prediction
Authors: Yussouf Nusrat , Wilson Katie A. , Martinaitis Steven M. , Vergara Humberto , Heinselman Pamela L. , Gourley Jonathan J.
Published: November 2019

The goal of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s (NOAA) Warn-on-Forecast (WoF) program is to provide frequently updating, probabilistic model guidance that will enable National Weather Service (NWS) forecasters to produce more continuous communication of hazardous weather threats (e.g., heavy rainfall, flash floods, damaging wind, large hail, and tornadoes) between the watch and warning temporal and spatial scales. To evaluate the application of this WoF concept for probabilistic short-term flash flood prediction, the 0–3-h rainfall forecasts from NOAA National Severe Storms Laboratory’s (NSSL) experimental WoF System (WoFS) were integrated as the forcing to the NWS operational hydrologic modeling core within the Flooded Locations and Simulated Hydrographs (FLASH) system. Initial assessment of the potential impacts of probabilistic short-term flash flood forecasts from this coupled atmosphere–hydrology (WoFS-FLASH) modeling system were evaluated in the 2018 Hydrometeorology Testbed Multi-Radar Multi-Sensor Hydrology experiment held in Norman, Oklahoma. During the 3-week experiment period, a total of nine NWS forecasters analyzed three retrospective flash flood events in archive mode. This study will describe specifically what information participants extracted from the WoFS-FLASH products during these three archived events, and how this type of information is expected to impact operational decision-making processes. Overall feedback from the testbed participants’ evaluations show promise for the coupled NSSL WoFS-FLASH system probabilistic flash flood model guidance to enable earlier assessment and detection of flash flood threats and to advance the current warning lead time for these events.
Directional Surface Wave Spectra from Point Measurements of Height and Slope
Authors: Plant William J. , Donelan Mark A.
Published: November 2019

We describe here a method for recovering directional ocean surface wave spectra obtained from height and slope measurements made over a small area, the iterative deconvolution method (IDM). We show that IDM is a more reliable method for estimating directional wave spectra than more common spectral estimation techniques by comparing it with the widely used maximum entropy method (MEM). IDM is based on the observation that pitch–roll buoys produce directional spectra that are the true spectra convolved with an angular windowing function and are therefore much broader than the true spectra. We test IDM against simulated data and find that it does a better job of retrieving the known input spectra than does MEM, which often produces false double peaks or incorrect angular widths. We compare IDM recoveries to spectra obtained using a nonstandard processing technique, the wavelet directional method (WDM) on data from a compact array of wave staffs on Lake Ontario. We find that IDM produces directional wave spectra very nearly identical to those obtained using WDM, verifying both techniques. Finally, we processed standard NDBC buoy directional spectra and showed that IDM recovers ocean wave spectra that narrow in the Strait of Juan de Fuca and that follow a changing wind in the expected manner. Neither of these phenomena are reliably obtained using MEM due to its tendency to produce false bimodal peaks and peaks that are too narrow.
Factors Associated With Medication Errors at a Teaching Hospital in Malaysia
Authors: Shitu Zayyanu , Moe Thwe Aung Myat , Tuan Kamauzaman Tuan Hairulnizam , Ab Rahman Ab Fatah
Published: November 2019

Background: Medication errors (MEs) continue to pose a significant problem to health care systems across the world, not only causing harm and death in patients but also consuming approximately $42 billion annually in health care expenditure. The emergency department (ED) is considered a high-risk area of having MEs to occur. Little is known about the associated factors of ME in the ED of hospitals in Malaysia. Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the factors associated with ME in an ED of a teaching hospital. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on patients who visited the ED of Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia over 9 weeks during normal working hours (ie, 8:00 am-5:00 pm). A total of 547 patients who satisfied the inclusion criteria were enrolled for the study. Patient demographic information, clinical characteristics, and medication orders and procedures were observed and recorded. The required number of patient data (n = 311) were selected randomly for analysis. Multiple logistic regression method was employed to determine factors associated with ME. Results: Of the 311 patient data, 95 (30.5%) patients had at least 1 ME. The factors found to be associated with ME were number of medications (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 1.91; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.51-2.41), triage (adjusted OR, 0.11; 95% CI, 0.04-0.27), gender (adjusted OR, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.26-0.93), and time of patient visit (adjusted OR, 0.34; 95% CI, 0.52-0.75). Conclusion: Medication error was not uncommon in our ED setting. Patients with a higher number of medications prescribed during visit to the ED were found to be particularly at risk. Identification of such factors may guide intervention measures to prevent MEs in this setting.
Fairtrade and Workers’ Welfare: A Case Study of the Soccer Industry in Pakistan
Authors: Abbasi Javeria Younas , Din Musleh Ud
Published: November 2019

The resurgence of the debate on standardization of labor laws via trade has brought into focus the importance of labeling programs, which are seen as a desirable avenue to remedy weak labor laws in the “South.” This study aims to quantify the impact of the Fairtrade labeling program on the welfare position of workers in the football industry. Propensity Score Matching (PSM) is used to calculate the treatment effect of the program. The study finds no treatment effect of labeling upon the welfare condition of workers. It concludes that the overall program has failed to make an impact upon the lives of workers.
Structured Surround Soundscapes: A Three-Pronged Strategy for Effective and Meaningful Collective Improvisation
Authors: Hong Ng Hoon
Published: November 2019

This article presents a three-pronged strategy for teaching collective improvisation in the general music classroom through structured surround soundscapes. This strategy consists of developing socio-interactive skills, shared understanding, and personal music vocabulary in collective improvisation. In the music classroom, these concepts should be consciously developed in tandem through hands-on means to foster effective and meaningful collective improvisation. The structured surround soundscape project presents one such way this may be enabled using the three-pronged strategy to nurture ensemble improvisers who can engage in fluent sociomusical conversations in real-world contexts.
Equity in Music Education: Cultural Diversity in the Music Classroom—EMBRACE the Challenge
Authors: Gray Dee Ann
Published: November 2019

Teaching middle school choral music in a culturally diverse middle school in Hawaii resulted in new knowledge about welcoming the challenges posed by diversity to the benefit of both students and educator. Concise strategies described in this article are applicable to any music program.
Wellbore stability evaluation method based on the continuous tangent envelope of a Mohr circle
Authors: Liu Houbin , Cui Shuai , Meng Yingfeng , Fan Yu , Liu Teng , Yu Anran , Hu Zhongzhi
Published: November 2019

It is of great practical significance to accurately obtain formation collapse pressure and determine an effective three-pressure profile with a correct strength criterion in the drilling process to identify the best drilling fluid density. Taking the tight sandstone of the XuJiahe formation as an example, we conducted a series of rock mechanics tests, focusing on large-scale, high-density confining pressure triaxial experiments; determined a mathematical expression for the continuous tangent envelope of a nonlinear Mohr circle envelope based on a series of triaxial tests; and clarified the variation rules of cohesion force and internal friction angle with confining pressure. The impact of rock mechanics parameters determined by using the traditional method and the continuous tangent envelope method on wellbore stability is compared and analyzed by using the MathCAD program, and then the collapse pressure is obtained. The results show that the parabolic curve derived from the uniaxial rock mechanics test data of the XuJiahe formation is not suitable for the triaxial test results under high confining pressure. By means of the continuous tangent envelope method, the relationship between rock cohesion and internal friction angle and confining pressure is obtained; this replaces the traditional collapse pressure calculation results using geophysical logging data or uniaxial tests, and the relationship between cohesion and friction angle is more consistent with confining pressure. The MathCAD simulation analysis shows that the rock mechanics parameters determined by the continuous tangent envelope can reflect the stratum situation more truly than the linear envelope method. Compared with the linear envelope method and parabolic envelope method under the same conditions, the continuous tangent envelope method has certain advantages in determining the critical density, which provides a theoretical basis for the accuracy of sandstone formation collapse pressure calculation and can give significant guidance for the study of wellbore stability of deep sandstone formations.