bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Functional results of surgical treatment of macular holes fully preserving the internal limiting membrane as compared with the traditional method
Authors: Lyskin P. V. , Volodin P. L. , Makarenko I. R.
Published: January 2024

Purpose: to assess the functional results of surgical treatment of macular holes (MH) using the authors’ developed technology preserving the internal limiting membrane (ILM) and compare them with the results of traditional surgery technology involving ILM peeling.

Material and methods: 150 MH patients aged 50 to 82 were divided into 2 groups: the main group who underwent surgical MH treatment with ILM preservation and the control group, whose traditional surgical treatment involved ILM peeling. After vitrectomy, the main group patients’ macular areas were treated with a bacterial collagenase solution (1 kU) for three minutes, whereupon it was washed out, the vitreal cavity was dried and treated with platelet-rich plasma. In the control group, ILM was stained and removed, whereupon platelet-rich plasma was applied in the air medium. The anatomical result was assessed by optical coherence tomography data. To assess the functional results, the patients were tested for the best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and subjected to microperimetry. The observation period was 24 months.

Results: in all cases, a significant increase in BCVA was achieved after surgical treatment. After 6 months, the control group showed a tendency to a BCVA decrease, while in the main group BCVA remained stable. In the main group, not a single case showed a decrease in the total retinal photosensitivity below the threshold level of the norm of 24 dB, whilst in the control group, 35 cases (47 %) revealed a retinal sensitivity decrease below 24 dB. The total retinal sensitivity turned out to be significantly lower in the control group as compared to the main group over the entire observation period (p < 0.05). Postoperative scotomas were significantly more frequent after ILM peeling. Absolute scotomas were detected in 7 control group cases, whilst in the main group they were not noted in any case.

Conclusion. The developed technology makes it possible to practically eliminate the formation of absolute scotomas and to significantly reduce the formation of relative scotomas in the postoperative period, as well as improve functional results against the traditional method of surgical treatment of MH with ILM peeling.
Efficacy and safety of the initial hypotensive treatment with an optimized latanoprost composition
Authors: Petrov S. Yu. , Yani E. V. , Zhuravleva A. N. , Filippova O. M. , Kalinina O. M. , Yakubova L. V. , Kosakyan S. M. , Vasilenkova L. V. , Manukyan I. V.
Published: January 2024

Purpose: a comparative study of the efficacy and safety of Latanoprost-Optic, a new composition of excipients and the original latanoprost, in the initial therapy of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG)

Material and methods. We performed a prospective, randomized, comparative study of 60 previously untreated patients (71 eyes) with early and advanced POAG stages. During the screening visit, patients were randomly divided into the main (Latanoprost-Optic) and the control (original latanoprost) groups. The target points included intraocular pressure (IOP), visual acuity, MD and PSD perimetry indices, RNFL thickness, MRW, NFL, GCL, IPL, tear film break time, OSDI, and adverse events. The observation period was 12 weeks. IOP was measured 4 and 12 weeks from observation start.

Results. The average decrease in IOP in the study group by the end of the observation was 32% and did not show any statistically significant differences from the original drug at any control point. A positive unreliable dynamic of the values of most functional parameters was noted, which may indicate the presence of an indirect neuroprotective effect. In the study group, there was a positive trend in tear film rupture time and OSDI. According to corneal confocal microscopy, no negative changes in dynamics were noted, in contrast to the control group. Reversible discomfort and mild redness of the bulbar conjunctiva were recorded in both groups. No serious or systemic adverse events were noted.

Conclusion. Latanoprost-Optic has a hypotensive efficacy, comparable to the original latanoprost, and a high favorable safety profile.
Reproductive Health Problems and Health Care Services Offered to Female Inmates of Women Jail Multan
Authors: Bukhari Mehreen , Iqbal Aftab , Zaidi Syed Razi Haider
Published: January 2024

Background: Women prisoners’ health is one of the major challenges among public health issues since the increasing incarceration rate has a direct impact on prisoners’ health status. Female prisoners often face many health issues in which most important are reproductive health problems. The prison services regarding reproductive health needs of female inmates vary in every jail. Unfortunately, in many prisons, health care services for women are still not adequate.
Objectives: The objectives of the study are to determine the frequency of reproductive health problems of female inmates and to assess the health care services offered to female inmates of Women Jail Multan.
Method: It was cross-sectional descriptive study in which 118 female inmates of reproductive age group were included. Data was collected through questionnaire which was entered in to computer using SPSS 20.0. Frequencies and percentages were calculated and data was presented in tables. Means, Standard Deviations and Correlation were calculated. ANOVA was applied to test significance and Chi-square test was applied. Level of significance was kept at p ≤ 0.05.
Results: Among 118 female inmates, 33.9% were 31-40 years old, 87.3% were married and 78.0% were illiterate. The length of incarceration of 42.4% female inmates was upto 12 months. 35.0% had 1-2 children and 16.5% were living in jail with their children. Majority (92.4%) had gynecological problem and 82.2% had medical problems while 11.0% had experienced sexual violence by jail staff. Only 2 females were pregnant. 100.0% female inmates had availability of lady doctor or LHV for antenatal check-up.100.0% female inmates were provided proper diet and food supplements and the quality of food was satisfactory.
Conclusion: Study revealed that health care services for reproductive problems including obstetric and gynecological issues was satisfactory however prevalence of gynecological issues was high. Sexual violence of female inmates faced by jail staff during imprisonment was noticed for which strict legislative measures should be taken.
Gender and Class-wise Comparison of Stressors and Perceived Levels of Depression, Anxiety and Stress among the 2nd Versus 5th Year Medical Students
Authors: Malik Samina , Usman Javeria , Ali Samia , Fatima Tahseen
Published: January 2024

Background: Medical profession is being dominated by female students, but little attention is being paid on making them emotionally and physically competent to match their corresponding gender with whom they have to work in parallel in the near future. Research is crucial in this area to identify their needs and provide solutions.
Objectives: To identify female and male gender-related depression, anxiety and stress (DAS) among the undergraduate medical students enrolled in the second versus final year of University College of Medicine and Dentistry (UCMD), The University of Lahore (UOL) and highlight the intricate web of stressors that these medical students encounter.
Method: A concurrent mixed method study was conducted on a random sample of 200 medical students of 2nd and 5th year with equal gender distribution. DASS21 scale was used to assess Depression, Anxiety and Stress. Qualitative and quantitative data were collected on Google forms. Quantitative data were analyzed descriptively and the qualitative data by manual thematic analysis
Results: The 2nd year female students had significantly higher stress than their male counterparts. No statistically significant difference was appreciated within the 5th year gender wise though the females had relatively higher DASS levels. No significant difference on DASS21 was observed within the same gender between the two academic years. The female and male students reported fear of failure and less preparation time versus syllabus load as their major stressors respectively.
Conclusion: The study has identified the stressors that influence the wellbeing of medical students and presented their depression, anxiety and stress comparison with respect to their gender and seniority. It has indicated the need to empower females emotionally at the level of their upbringing to formative medical years. Furthermore, male students must learn to manage time and be responsible doctors.
Gender Inequalities that Hinder the Professional Growth of Female Doctors and Trainees
Authors: Sajid Fatima Bint , Sajid Wajeeha Binte , Jamal Aruba , Hussain Syed Shafaat , Adil Noman
Published: January 2024

Madam, Gender inequality is defined as inequality regarding sex or gender in which one sex or gender is consistently preferred or emphasised above other. Gender disparity is thought to have existed for countless years, with women supposed to be providers at home while men anticipated as leaders with professions outside the home. (1)

Implicit biases have an adverse effect on women's careers in medicine and contribute to imposter syndrome, exhaustion, underrepresentation in leadership roles, income inequality, poorer advancement, and less favourable reviews. Gender bias in the promotion process or in the ladder for progression may be a factor for the slower development of women in academic medicine, with fewer women at each succeeding level of career promotion. Men, for example, earn more honours from professional medical associations, whereas women obtain less opportunities to talk at large conferences. According to a 2014 poll of 1066 physicians who received career advancement awards, 66% of women and about 10% of men reported personal gender bias. (1)
Ethics of Care and Daycares
Authors: Ahad Saima
Published: January 2024

Ethics is the branch of normative philosophy which deals with moral values. It has been struggling since thousands of years to answer the dilemmas like whether means employed are important or the end; intentions matter or the outcome; individual interests come first or the collective and in our own times we have seen the heated debates over issues like data privacy vis a vis security concerns; positive discrimination versus equality; extent of choice in planned parenthood (prochoice) vs prolife; euthanasia vs suicide and so on. Similarly, philosophers have been grappling with the idea of listing few basic ethics. In order to make the discussion structured, there have been enlisting of arguable virtues and then further segregating them between relative and absolute ones. This discourse led to ethical relativism, which argues that there are no right or wrong moral values in absolute terms but are contextually defined.
Effect of Unfolding Case Studies on Critical Thinking Dispositions and Academic Performance of Undergraduate Nursing Students
Authors: Sultan Bushra , Victor Gideon , Begum Gul Raisa
Published: January 2024

Background: Unfolding case study is an effective teaching strategy. It assists students to learn real-life scenarios, develop critical thinking and clinical reasoning.
Objective: To measure the effect of unfolding case studies on critical thinking dispositions and academic performance of undergraduate nursing students in the pathophysiology course.
Methods: Quasi-experimental one-group pretest and posttest design was adopted. The study was conducted at a private nursing college in Islamabad, Pakistan. Post Registered Nurse Bachelor of Science in Nursing students (n=45) were enrolled in the study with convenient sampling. Unfolding case studies were used as a strategy to teach the pathophysiology course. Academic performance was measured with short answer questions and critical thinking dispositions with a structured self-administered scale. Data were analyzed with SPSS v25.0.
Results: The sample comprised of 80% female students, and 20% were male. A 68% of them were from medical and surgical units and, 32% from critical care units. Posttest scores were significantly higher in (P-Value < 0.05) higher in 10 out of 11 sessions. Also, unfolding case studies produced a large Cohen’s d = 3.64 effect size. Likewise, collective critical thinking dispositions mean score (P-Value < 0.05) was found increased in the posttest; expect the perseverance construct (P-Value, 0.110). The effect of unfolding case studies on critical thinking dispositions was favorably high Cohen’s d = 1.40.
Conclusion: unfolding case studies can improve academic performance and critical thinking dispositions of nursing students. Faculty competence to construct unfolding cases, facilitating the process of unfolding cases and active involvement of students is imperative for favorable outcomes.
Client-side web-based model coupling using basic model interface for hydrology and water resources
Authors: Ewing Gregory , Erazo Ramirez Carlos , Vaidya Ashani , Demir Ibrahim
Published: January 2024

A recent trend in hydroinformatics has been the growing number of data, models, and cyber tools, which are web accessible, each aiming to improve common research tasks in hydrology through web technologies. Coupling web-based models and tools holds great promise for an integrated environment that can facilitate community participation, collaboration, and scientific replication. There are many examples of server-side, hydroinformatics resource coupling, where a common standard serves as an interface. Yet, there are few, if any, examples of client-side resource coupling, particularly cases where a common specification is employed. Toward this end, we implemented the basic model interface (BMI) specification in the JavaScript programing language, the most widely used programing language on the web. By using BMI, we coupled two client-side hydrological applications (HydroLang and HLM-Web) to perform rainfall–runoff simulations of historical events with rainfall data and a client-side hydrological model as a case study demonstration. Through this process, we present how a common and often tedious task – the coupling of two independent web resources – can be made easier through the adoption of a common standard. Furthermore, applying the standard has facilitated a step toward the possibility of client-side ‘Model as a Service’ for hydrological models.
Medicament Testing in the Diagnosis of Long COVID Syndrome
Authors: Djumaeva Naylya , Akhundjanova Gulnara , Djumaeva Leyla , Urunova Dilbar
Published: January 2024

Long COVID syndrome resulting from SARS-CoV-2 infection has a prevalence of 10%-35% in the population. Numerous studies of the disease are currently being conducted concerning the manifestations of long COVID syndrome; however, there are no data on the use of electroacupuncture diagnosis (EAV) and medicament testing (MT) in assessing this condition. The purpose of the study was to study the possibilities of diagnosing EAV to determine changes in the electrodermal activity of acupuncture points of the meridian test system - EAV in patients with long COVID syndrome, as well as to identify drugs that can influence the altered electrodermal impedance at these acupuncture points based on the results of MT. At present, the physiological basis of this phenomenon is still unknown. This blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial included 89 patients (aged from 16 to 50) with long COVID syndrome, who were examined with EAV based on measuring the electrodermal impedance of acupuncture points (APs), followed by testing the RNA polymerase nosode, ribavirin, and dexamethasone at those acupuncture points where a decrease in electrodermal activity was recorded. A reduction of electrodermal activity was observed in APs of various meridians of Voll diagnosis, with this phenomenon being more pronounced in the Nervous Degeneration and Circulation (Voll). The use of RNA polymerase nosode, ribavirin (tablets), and dexamethasone (pills) in the process of MT with positive reaction to testing drugs in specified APs with decreased levels of electrodermal activity in some patients has led to the normalization of indexes of electrodermal impedance in the studied APs. The results of the research suggested the feasibility of using EAV diagnostics to identify the APs of meridians with a decreased level of electrodermal activity, followed by MT using an RNA polymerase nosode, ribavirin, and dexamethasone as drugs, that contribute to the restoration of electrodermal impedance at the APs of the identified meridians in some patients with long COVID syndrome. Further clinical and instrumental studies are needed to evaluate the clinical application of medication testing in assessing long COVID syndrome further.
Exploring the Path of Ideological and Political Construction in Courses under the “One Body, Two Wings” Model - Taking the Course of Engineering Law Principles and Practice as an Example
Authors: Tong Di , Liu Xiaojing
Published: January 2024

The comprehensive advancement of ideological and political construction in university courses is a significant strategic move to thoroughly implement the important educational directives of General Secretary Xi Jinping and to fulfill the fundamental task of moral education. Universities should deepen educational and teaching reforms, thoroughly explore the ideological and political resources of courses, fully leverage the educational role of each course, and comprehensively improve the quality of talent training. The course on Engineering Law Principles and Practice has explored and practiced the path of ideological and political construction in courses. With the “One Body, Two Wings” model as the construction approach, it explores the path of ideological and political construction in this course. Focusing on student development, the course unfolds teaching through innovative application in teaching and value shaping for students as two wings. In terms of value shaping, it emphasizes not only exploring the ideological and political elements of the course in line with the actual situation of students but also requires teachers to lead by example and set a model for moral education. Additionally, establishing a scientific and effective evaluation system for the teaching effects of course ideological and political education ensures the effectiveness of the entire course’s ideological and political education. The teaching of the entire course enables students to not only learn knowledge and skills but also cultivate integrity, achieving the educational goals of the course.
Dual statistical models link baseline visual attention measure to risk for significant symptomatic concussion in sports
Authors: Spielman Lisa A , Maruta Jun , Ghajar Jamshid
Published: January 2024

Aim: Athletic pre-season testing can establish functional baseline for comparison following concussion. Whether impacts of future concussions may be foretold by such testing is little known. Materials & methods: Two sets of models for a significant burden of concussion were generated: a traditional approach using a series of logistic regressions, and a penalized regression approach using elastic net. Results: 3091 youth and adult athletes were baseline-assessed. 90 subsequently experienced concussion and 35 were still experiencing a significant burden of concussion when tested within two weeks. Both models associated prior history of head injury and visual attention-related metrics with a significant burden of concussion. Conclusion: Pre-season testing of visual attention may identify athletes who are at risk for significant sports-related concussion.
Influence of Finishing Systems on Carcass Characteristics, Composition, and Fatty Acid Profile of Bison Bulls
Authors: Newton Clay J. , O'Sullivan Lydia M. , Underwood Keith R. , Grubbs Judson K. , Bakker Christina E. , Cammack Kristi M. , Dinh Thu , Kruse Carter , Blair Amanda D.
Published: January 2024

The objective of this study was to determine the influence of grain- and grass-finishing systems on carcass characteristics of bison bulls and proximate and fatty acid compositions of bison steaks. Bison bulls grazed native pasture until approximately 25 mo of age, then were randomly assigned to grain-finishing (n=98) or grass-finishing (n=98) treatments. Bulls were slaughtered at approximately 30 mo of age. Hot carcass weight (HCW), ribeye area, backfat thickness, kidney fat percentage, marbling score, and instrumental color (L*,a*, and b*) of the ribeye and subcutaneous fat were recorded. Skeletal maturity, lean maturity, and fat color were subjectively scored. Strip loins were collected from a sub-sample of carcasses, fabricated into 2.5-cm steaks, and designated for proximate, cholesterol, or fatty acid analyses. Grain-finished bulls had greater (P<0.0001) HCW, dressing percentage, ribeye area, backfat thickness, kidney fat percentage,and marbling score. The a* and b* values of the ribeye and a* value of subcutaneous fat were greater (P<0.0001), but the L* and b* values of subcutaneous fat were less (P<0.0001) for grain-finished bulls. A greater proportion (P<0.001) of grain-finished carcasses had moderately bright red lean color, whereas a greater proportion (P<0.0001) of grass-finished carcasses had moderately yellow fat color. Steaks from grain-finished bulls had an increased percentage of crude protein (P<0.0001), fat (P<0.0001), and ash (P=0.0006) content but less moisture (P<0.0001). Steaks from grain-finished bulls had more (P<0.001) cholesterol and palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, and arachidonic acids in addition to more total fatty acids (mg/g of wet tissue). However, for total fatty acids, grass-finished steaks had a greater (P<0.0001) percentage of polyunsaturated fatty acids. These data indicate that the finishing system influences the composition of bison bull carcasses as well as the nutrient profile of bison meat.
Las estructuraciones elementales del patriarcado
Authors: Guizardi Menara
Published: January 2024

This article reviews Lévi-Strauss’s Alliance Theory based on the feminist critiques of the seventies and current archaeological findings. Its central hypothesis argues that the theory should be understood as a historical product tied to a specific form of masculine domination that became hegemonic in terms of scientific, colonial, and Eurocentric discourse from the nineteenth century onwards. To introduce these arguments, the second section of the article offers a brief glossary of terms on kinship. The third section offers some interpretative reservations to consider when rereading the classics of this anthropological subfield. The fourth explores the analytical assumptions and central hypotheses of Lévi-Straussian theorizing on kinship, and the fifth section synthesizes the current archaeological findings on Paleolithic human groups, an exercise through which we deconstruct several of Lévi-Strauss’s maxims. Finally, the last section concludes by proposing a rereading of Lévi-Straussian theory and discussing the definition of patriarchy in terms of hegemony.
Analysis and Implication of an Online Integrated Education Program for Health and Wellness Practice Managers
Authors:   Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction, Park Young Suk , Jun Myunghee
Published: January 2024

Objectives This study explored the curriculum and operational experiences of the Master of Science, Health and Wellness Management, aiming to provide suggestions for lifelong higher education programs specifically de-signed for the health and wellness practice managers, including the nursing managers.
Methods As a case study, this study collected and analyzed documents from the university's official website, supplemented by on-site visits from September 2022 to August 2023. The program's philosophy, goals, curricu-lum, and outcomes were reviewed and analyzed through reflection, comparison, discussion, and reconfirmation to ensure credibility and confirmability.
Results The online integrated program designed for lifelong education recognized the evolving demands of the health and wellness market. It focused on training competent experts in managerial roles, emphasizing practical competencies in management and leadership. This multidisciplinary integrated curriculum was entirely online and for adult learners. Employing Canvas, an online teaching and learning management system, the program effec-tively utilized the latest educational technologies to align with course objectives and the instructors' intentions.
Conclusions The customized online integrated curriculum was a valuable lifelong education opportunity for adult learners aspiring to become experts in related fields. We propose that lifelong higher education institutions in Korea initiate the development and evaluation of a multidisciplinary, integrated online higher education model. This model should encompass multidisciplinary specialized course contents in health and wellness, coupled with an effective learning system employing the latest information and communication technology.
Development of an Instrument Measuring Secondary School Students’ Attitudes toward Statistics
Authors:   Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction, Lee Hangyul , Yoon Young Joo
Published: January 2024

Objectives The purposes of this study were to develop an instrument which measures secondary school stu-dents’ attitudes toward Statistics.
Methods We analyzed various instruments measuring attitudes toward Statistics, especially SATS-36 and re-vised SATS-36 suitable for secondary school students in Korea. We revised the questionnaires based on the sur-vey of 301 secondary school students and unified validity theory.
Results With conducting exploratory factor analysis, it was found that four factors were appropriate for secondary school students’ attitudes toward Statistics, unlike the results of Schau’s(2003), which was divided into six factors. The four factors are cognitive competence, interest, value, and effort. Especially, cognitive competence, difficulty, and affect factors of the SATS-36 were combined into one factor. The effort factor was shown highest average score and the interest factor was shown lowest average score.
Conclusions We developed an instrument appropriate for secondary school students’ attitudes toward Statistics based on SATS-36. With the revised and validated instruments, this study is expected to contributes to re-searches on secondary students’ attitudes toward Statistics.
A Periodical Analysis of the Music Curriculum Content and Elementary Music Textbooks according to Changes in the Basic Curriculum for Special Education
Authors:   Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction, Lee Jaeran , Seung Yunhee
Published: January 2024

Objectives This study aims to analyze the changes in the content of music education from the first curriculum of special education to the latest curriculum and provide the characteristics and implications of music textbooks by each period.
Methods The analysis of music curriculums was focused on the composition of curriculum documents and the changes in content; 11 music textbooks were analyzed from the perspectives of “music area and activity,” and “musical concept and element.” For music area and activity, the ratios of music area and activity type were ana-lyzed, and for musical concept and element, learning content and the grade hierarchy of learning content were analyzed.
Results The content and content composition of music curriculums have been organized the same as those of the general curriculums since the 2011 curriculum. Music element was suggested with a focus on “sound” in the 2008 and 2011 curriculums, but it was mostly replaced with musical terms in the 2015 and 2022 curriculums. First, in the textbook analysis for the ratio of music areas, the area of “appreciation” was the highest in the 2008 and 2011 music textbooks and the area of “singing” was the highest in 2015 music textbook. When it comes to the ratio of activity types, the activity related to “sound” was the highest across the areas of singing, instrument, and appreciation in the 2008 music textbook. In the 2011 and 2015 music textbooks, activity related to “musical concept and element” was the highest. In the area of creation, two activities, “making sounds” and “changing lyrics,” were most frequently observed. In the area of daily life, the activity of “play” was the highest across all the textbooks. Second, the results of analyzing the musical concept and element showed that the level of the 2008 music textbook was similar to the lower grades of other textbooks, and the 2011 and 2015 music textbooks had a similar level of learning contents on “rhythm, form, tempo, and dynamic”. On the other hand, in terms of “melody” and “timbre,” association and hierarchy between grades had no distinct differences, and “harmony” was not sug-gested in most of the textbooks. In activities related to the characteristics of sound, instructional errors were found in the association with musical concepts.
Conclusions The scope and level of music education content in special schools need to be improved; simulta-neously, research on systematic teaching and learning is required. This study explored the trend in music cur-riculums and the results of analyzing music textbooks. The findings are expected to provide useful basic data for developing the music curriculum of special education and for writing elementary school music textbooks. Further research should be conducted based on this study.
The meaning of respect for students as seen through the curriculum implemented in an elementary school classroom
Authors:   Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction, Kim Jino , Jeong Kwangsoon
Published: January 2024

Objectives In this study, the meaning of respect for students was explored based on the principle of respect for dignity among democratic principles, targeting curriculum implemented in an elementary school classroom.
Methods To this end, the 5th grade Na-rae class case (Let’s go to where I lived) of D elementary school was de-scribed as a curriculum implemented in the classroom, and a case study research was conducted based on Beane’s democratic principle of respect for dignity.
Results As a result, three meanings of respecting students in the process of implementing the curriculum in the classroom. First, it means that students can have a voice and influence over the curriculum during the process of implementing it in the classroom. Second, It means that teachers and students collaborate to decide on curriculum topics, contents, and evaluation methods. Third, it means that students self-evaluate their own learning activities.
Conclusions This meaning of respecting students in the curriculum implemented in elementary school class-rooms is ultimately meaningful in that it can contribute to viewing students as agents of curriculum development in the classroom, thinking of participation as intervening in the curriculum beyond engaging class, creating a classroom democratic culture.
A Methodology for Teaching Corpus-Based English Vocabulary to Korean College Learners
Authors:   Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction, Kim Jungseon
Published: January 2024

Objectives The purpose of this study is to explain and introduce a methodology of teaching and learning cor-pus-based English vocabulary to Korean college students.
Methods A total of fifty-five students were divided into two groups. The control group included twenty-eight subjects and they took vocabulary lessons in the traditional method. The experimental group had twenty-seven learners and they did corpus-based vocabulary exercises. They were all female students. During one semester, the two groups studied all the same content and amount of target vocabulary, but they practiced two different types of vocabulary exercises at the beginning of the lessons. Four instruments were used to collect data from the learners: vocabulary tests, grammar tests, questionnaires and self-reports.
Results The result in this study showed that the two groups achieved significantly better scores in post vocabulary and grammar tests. Furthermore, the experimental group did better than the control group in grammar. Through questionnaires and self-reports, the students shared various feelings and opinions of the two classes after lessons. They expressed positive opinions and feelings about learning English and favoured the idea of studying vocabulary with self-reports. Some students felt the class was too easy.
Conclusions This research suggests an effective method for teaching corpus-based vocabulary. It also states the limitations of the study and has implications in TESOL for Korean College learners as they study the lexis.
Nomination committees in Iceland and Nordic comparison: An overview
Authors: Sigurjonsson Throstur Olaf , Bryant Murray , Magnusdottir Hildur
Published: January 2024

Nomination committees are becoming increasingly popular. A nomination committee, or a nominating board, is a group or committee responsible for selecting and nominating candidates for a company’s board of directors. The primary purpose of a nomination committee is to identify and recommend qualified individuals who can effectively fulfill the responsibilities of the positions in question. Still, nomination committees’ roles and work processes have not been much researched. Among those issues yet not solved is whether selection practices will be more professional and transparent by the existence of nomination committees. Nonetheless, according to guidelines on good corporate governance, there are existing arguments for how beneficial nomination committees can be for good governance practices. This research compares and presents similarities and differences regarding nomination committees in the Nordic countries. The Nordic countries, being similar in many ways, have not all taken the same path regarding nomination committees. Hence, it makes an interesting comparison study. Guidelines for governance are similar and, in all essentials, comparable to what is happening in the Nordic countries. Therefore, it must not be forgotten that companies can deviate from the guidelines’ recommendations as their circumstances require. It can be assumed that good governance, including nomination committees, is one of the things that companies should adopt more and more if considering the development in other countries, e.g., the Nordic countries. The activity of foreign investors has also led to jumps in the development of governance practices.
Stable water isotope signals and their relation to stratiform and convective precipitation in the tropical Andes
Authors: Landshuter Nadja , Aemisegger Franziska , Mölg Thomas
Published: January 2024

Stratiform and convective precipitation are known to be associated with
distinct isotopic fingerprints in the tropics. Such rain type specific
isotope signals are of key importance for climate proxies based on
stable isotopes like for example ice cores and tree rings and can be
used for climate reconstructions of convective activity. However,
recently, the relation between rain type and isotope signal has been
intensively discussed. While some studies point out the importance of
deep convection for strongly depleted isotope signals in precipitation,
other studies emphasize the role of stratiform precipitation for low
concentrations of the heavy water isotopes. Uncertainties arise from
observational studies as they mainly consider oceanic regions and mostly
long aggregation timescales, while modelling approaches with global
climate models cannot explicitly resolve convective processes and rely
on parametrization. As high-resolution climate models are particularly
important for studies over complex topography, we applied the
isotope-enabled version of the high-resolution climate model from the
Consortium for Small-Scale Modelling (COSMOiso) over the Andes of
tropical south Ecuador, South America, to investigate the influence of
stratiform and convective rain on the stable oxygen isotope signal of
precipitation (δ18OP). Our results highlight the importance of deep
convection for depleting the isotopic signal of precipitation and
increasing the secondary isotope variable deuterium excess. Moreover, we
found that an opposing effect of shallow and deep convection on the
δ18OP signal. Based on these results, we introduce a shallow and deep
convective fraction to analyze the effect of rain types on δ18OP.
Observed diurnal cycles of near-surface shear and stratification in the equatorial Atlantic and their wind dependence
Authors: Hans Anna Christina , Brandt Peter , Gasparin Florent , Claus Martin , Cravatte Sophie , Horstmann Jochen , Reverdin Gilles
Published: January 2024

The diurnal cycles of near-surface shear and stratification, also known
as diurnal jet and diurnal warm layer (DWL), are ubiquitous in the
tropical oceans, affecting the heat and momentum budget of the ocean
surface layer, air-sea interactions, and vertical mixing. Here, we
analyse the presence and descent of near-surface diurnal shear and
stratification in the upper 20 m of the equatorial Atlantic as a
function of wind speed using ocean current velocity and hydrographic
data taken during two trans-Atlantic cruises along the equator in autumn
2019 and spring 2022, data from three types of surface drifters, and
data from PIRATA moorings along the equator. The observations during two
seasons with similar wind speeds but varying net surface heat fluxes
reveal similar diurnal jets with an amplitude of about 0.11 m s-1 and
similar DWLs when averaging along the equator. We find that higher wind
speeds lead to earlier diurnal peaks, deeper penetration depths, and
faster descent rates of DWL and diurnal jet. While the diurnal amplitude
of shear is maximum for intermediate wind speeds, the diurnal amplitude
of stratification is maximum for minimal wind speeds. The presented wind
dependence of the descent rates of DWL and diurnal jet is consistent
with the earlier onset of deep-cycle turbulence for higher wind speeds.
The DWL and the diurnal jet not only trigger deep-cycle turbulence but
are also observed to modify the wind power input and thus the amount of
energy available for mixing.
Artificial Intelligence and Our Secret Mind: Human Mediation in Grey Zones
Authors: Admin Site , Thieriot Loisel Mariana
Published: January 2024

CIRET has set up an AI research group to highlight the need for human ethical mediation in theage of digital technology and binary logic. Francisco Varela has observed that cognition can take place inthe computer field without appealing to consciousness. Yet human decision-making cannot be the resultof cognition alone and requires the interaction between cognition and consciousness. In fact, rationalistand reductionist models borrowed from the hard sciences have only shown a mechanistic vision of AI ora biological-environmental vision, which cannot be applied to complex human phenomena occurring in agrey zone. In this grey or fuzzy zone of mediation, conciliation, and repair, we need the dialectical processor dialogue between consciousness and cognition. In this context, the proposal of mediating leaders andmanagers appears as a possible ethical alternative to demonstrate that consciousness is beyond the logicof the computer. Humans must remain responsible for all the effective decisions that will help us solveproblems theoretically and concretely. We therefore need an emerging global wisdom that flows from ourconversations about AI and appeals to human consciousness at all its levels of reality. This group produceda Symposium on November 21 and 22, 2023, in which we imagine that AI may be at the service of humanevolution and resiliency in “learning to be societies” instead of contributing to block our evolutions: if AIremains a work tool. . . Certainly it will because the creation sparkles still a mystery for men themselves.
Skala produkcji rolniczych działalności produkcyjnych a ich opłacalność
Authors: Skarżyńska Aldona
Published: January 2024

W artykule przedstawiono zróżnicowanie opłacalności produkcji siedmiu działalności produkcji roślinnej i trzech zwierzęcej w zależności od skali ich produkcji w gospodarstwie. Wydzielono trzy przedziały skali – małą, średnią i dużą. Wielkość skali ma bezpośredni związek z efektywnością produkcji, jednak wybór optymalnej jej wielkości oraz poziomu intensywności produkcji jest zagadnieniem bardzo złożonym. Przeanalizowano racjonalność zastosowanego poziomu intensywności w grupach gospodarstw różniących się wielkością skali. Ocenie poddano także pracochłonność produkcji oraz możliwość opłaty nakładów pracy własnej.
Wsparcie rozwoju regionalnego w warunkach uczestnictwa Polski w Unii Europejskiej
Authors: Adamowicz Mieczysław
Published: January 2024

Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie ewolucji polityki rozwoju regionalnego w Unii Europejskiej i w Polsce, poprzez nawiązanie do niektórych aspektów teorii regionu i praktyki rozwoju regionalnego, oraz zarysowanie efektów działań wspierających rozwój regionalny w Polsce w pierwszej dekadzie XXI wieku. Opracowanie wskazuje na powiązanie polityki regionalnej UE z polityką regionalną kraju, procesy zmian usprawniających programowanie i realizację tej polityki, jej ważność jako sposobu kształtowania rozwoju społeczno-gospodarczego i niezmienność paradygmatu, na którym opiera się europejska i polska polityka regionalna.
Istota monografii ekonomicznej na przykładzie „Roczników Naukowych Stowarzyszenia Ekonomistów Rolnictwa i Agrobiznesu”
Authors: Pizło Wojciech
Published: January 2024

Celem opracowania jest identyfikacja cech charakterystycznych dla monografii, w tym monografii ekonomicznej oraz poszukiwanie odpowiedzi na pytanie, czy monografia ekonomiczna może korzystać z metod badawczych charakterystycznych dla nauk idiograficznych, choć sama jest nauką nomotetyczną. W artykule przedstawiono monografię jako metodę badawczą. Zaproponowano podział metody monograficznej na makromonografię i mikromonografię. Monografia jako metoda naukowa powinna wykorzystywać więcej niż jedną metodę badawczą, a także reprezentatywny dobór prób do badań (makromonografia) oraz dobór celowy do badań (mikromonografia). W opracowaniu omówiono ogólne zalecenia monografii, przedstawiono istotę monografii branżowej (rolniczej) oraz zalecenia dla mikromonografii. Następnie przedstawiono cechy charakterystyczne dla studium przypadku jako metody przydatnej głównie dla dydaktyki, lecz niepozbawionej walorów metody naukowej. Ponadto przedstawiono zakres wykorzystania metody monograficznej (makro- i mikromonografii) w „Rocznikach Naukowych Stowarzyszenia Ekonomistów Rolnictwa i Agrobiznesu”. Wykazano wzrastającą rolę monografii, szczególnie makromonografii w badanym czasopiśmie.
Rozwój nauk ekonomicznych na Warmii i Mazurach
Authors: Gornowicz Mirosław , Niedzielski Eugeniusz
Published: January 2024

W opracowaniu zaprezentowano instytucjonalny, merytoryczny i osobowy rozwój nauk ekonomicznych na Warmii i Mazurach. Analiza obejmowała przede wszystkim okres po II wojnie światowej, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem rozwoju tych nauk w ramach Wyższej Szkoły Rolniczej (od 1950 roku), Akademii Rolniczo-Technicznej (od 1972 roku), a następnie Uniwersytetu Warmińsko-Mazurskiego (od 1999 roku).
Powiązania między cenami ropy a cenami pszenicy w Polsce
Authors: Hamulczuk Mariusz , Klimkowski Cezary
Published: January 2024

Ceny surowców rolnych stanowią najważniejszy parametr podejmowania decyzji gospodarczych przez producentów rolnych, ponieważ bezpośrednio wpływają na dochody przez nich uzyskiwane. Stąd ważne jest poznawanie uwarunkowań ich zmienności. Wśród czynników, które wpływają na ceny zbóż coraz częściej wskazuje się na ceny ropy naftowej. Celem opracowania jest ocena powiązań między cenami ropy na rynkach światowych a cenami pszenicy w Polsce. Uzyskane wyniki potwierdziły opinie, że istnieje znaczny wpływ cen ropy na ceny pszenicy, przy tym charakter i siła tych związków ulega zmianom w czasie.
Wybrane efekty udziału funduszy obcych w finansowaniu gospodarstw rolniczych UE w latach 1989-2008
Authors: Sobczyński Tadeusz
Published: January 2024

W pracy wykorzystano informacje gromadzone w ramach europejskiego systemu rachunkowości rolnej FADN z lat 1989-2008. Na przykładzie krajów dawnej UE-12 oceniono oddziaływanie w tym okresie kapitałów obcych na rentowność majątku i kapitału własnego, ryzyko finansowe oraz poziom inwestycji netto.
Efektywność przedsiębiorstw handlu zbożem a ich lokalizacja względem rynków zaopatrzenia
Authors: Stańko Stanisław , Bezat Agnieszka
Published: January 2024

W pracy podjęto problem określenia zależności między efektywnością przedsiębiorstw handlu zbożem a ich lokalizacją względem rynków zaopatrzenia. W badaniu jako główną metodę parametryczną zastosowano stochastyczną metodę SFA (bazującą na funkcji translogarytmicznej), jako weryfikacyjną metodę nieparametryczną - deterministyczną metodę DEA. Przyjęcie zintegrowanego podejścia - łączącego zalety obu metod przy ograniczeniu ich słabych stron - umożliwiło zachowanie analogii podczas porównywania wyników i formułowanie wiarygodnych wniosków. W celu weryfikacji zależności między efektywnością a lokalizacją przedsiębiorstw uzyskane wskaźniki efektywności technicznej, zarówno w podejściu stochastycznym (modele S1-S5), jak i deterministycznym (modele D1-D5), odniesiono do lokalizacji względem rynków zaopatrzenia. Na podstawie otrzymanych wyników stwierdzono występowanie zależności między dwiema analizowanymi zmiennymi.
Wpływ typu rolniczego gospodarstwa rolnego na dochody gospodarstw ekologicznych
Authors: Komorowska Dorota
Published: January 2024

Celem opracowania jest ocena wpływu specjalizacji gospodarstwa rolnego na dochody wybranych typów rolniczych gospodarstw ekologicznych. Przedmiotem badania są gospodarstwa ekologiczne uczestniczące nieprzerwanie w Polskim FADN w latach 2007- 2009 i sklasyfikowane według typów rolniczych. Poziom dochodu z gospodarstwa rolnego i dochodu na osobę pełnozatrudnioną rodziny w analizowanym okresie był relatywnie wyższy w gospodarstwach nastawionych na produkcję zwierzęcą, czyli chów bydła mlecznego i zwierząt żywionych w systemie wypasowym, ale były to gospodarstwa większe obszarowo, szczególnie utrzymujące zwierzęta żywione w systemie wypasowym.
Regionalne zróżnicowanie przemian w trójsektorowej strukturze osób pracujących w Polsce po akcesji do Unii Europejskiej
Authors: Adamczyk Piotr
Published: January 2024

W artykule podjęto problematykę przemian zachodzących w trójsektorowej strukturze osób pracujących w Polsce z podziałem na województwa. Zgodnie z teorią trzech sektorów w procesie rozwoju gospodarczego zmniejsza się odsetek pracujących w sektorze rolniczym, a wzrasta udział pracujących w sektorze usług. Stwierdzono, że bezpośrednio po uzyskaniu przez Polskę członkostwa w Unii Europejskiej prawidłowość ta nie występowała w niektórych województwach. Dotyczyło to zwłaszcza obszarów, gdzie udział sektora rolniczego w strukturze osób pracujących jest wysoki.
Ekskluzja społeczna na obszarach wiejskich w Polsce
Authors: Raczkowska Małgorzata
Published: January 2024

Artykuł jest próbą uporządkowania rozważań na temat ekskluzji społecznej. W części teoretycznej przedstawiono definicje i zależności między ubóstwem a ekskluzją społeczną. Następnie przeanalizowano obiektywne (mierzalne) czynniki obrazujące ekskluzję społeczną obszarów wiejskich w Polsce. Przedstawiono skalę ubóstwa, poziom bezrobocia oraz poziom wykształcenia mieszkańców wsi.