bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Foculi (fire pots) discovered at the legionary fortress of Potaissa. Case study: centuriae from praetentura sinistra
Authors:   Universitatea Babeș-Bolyai, Cluj-Napoca, Nedelea Luciana
Published: November 2021

Faced with a tumultuous end of the 2nd century and the harsh realities of the 3rd century AD, the Roman legionaries of Potaissa were forced to adapt to new living conditions and to overcome their daily needs by replacing and using the materials that were at hand or most convenient and easy to acquire at that time. One of the noteworthy observations here is the fact that almost no traces of heating systems have been identified. This situation raised different questions, as it is very hard to imagine how soldiers survived the harsh winters of Roman Dacia without heat sources. The answer came after a careful analysis of the ceramic material unearthed here. As a result, a new type of pottery has been identified, having bronze braziers as their precursor. It is for the first time that this type of pottery has been identified in Romania, as far as ceramic studies are concerned. In the praetentura sinistra, which will be the focus of this article, a total of 1621 wares were identified and analyzed, out of which 22% (218) are represented by this new type which we will call foculus/foculi. A number of approximately 1000 such earthen pots have been discovered in the entire Roman fortress, bearing in mind the fact that mostly rims and bases were kept during the archaeological campaigns throughout the years. We can estimate that their initial number was considerably higher.
Some notes on the military equipment illustrated by two 3rd century rider monuments from Dacia Superior
Authors:   Muzeul Național de Istorie a Transilvaniei, Gui Monica
Published: November 2021

The present paper discusses two funerary monuments from Alba county (Romania) depicting riders. These had been published before, but only summarily, without taking note of the details of military equipment illustrated on them. This is surprising because depictions of soldiers in full battle equipment are very rare in Dacia, not to mention that both monuments were dated to the 3rd century, a period in which such representations are scarce throughout the Empire. Therefore, the traditional art-historical approach to the study of Roman stone monuments will be by-passed and, instead of focusing on the type of monument, elements of style, workshops etc., the study will attempt to discuss at length the riders’ attire and the implications for the study of Roman military equipment.
Yoke fittings of pre‑Roman Dacia
Authors:   Muzeul Național de Istorie a Transilvaniei, Dima Cristian
Published: November 2021

During the Late Iron Age, draft animals, both oxen and horses, mules or donkeys, were harnessed on the transport vehicle by a double yoke that transmitted the traction power to the wagon through which it was fastened. Certain metallic parts were attached on these double wooden yokes, some of them having a functional role, and others an ornamental one. Such metal parts were also discovered in pre-Roman Dacia, most of them coming from fortunate discoveries, illegal detection and less in clear archaeological contexts. Some of the pieces presented in this article have been discussed and featured typologically and chronologically, but a number of differences and sub-variants require a re‑discussion of these. Also in this article will be discussed other yokes known in pre-Roman Dacia which will be typologically and chronologically framed.
A sanctuary of Silvanus in the rural territory of Napoca
Authors:   Muzeul Național de Istorie a Transilvaniei, Cupcea George , Rusu-Bolindeț Viorica ,   Muzeul Național de Istorie a Transilvaniei, Petiș Ioniță ,   Muzeul Național de Istorie a Transilvaniei
Published: November 2021

The A3 motorway (Brașov – Tg. Mureș – Oradea) archaeological diagnosis, from 2016, has revealed an important number of unknown archaeological sites in the rural area north of Cluj‑Napoca. Out of these, one of the most complex was site no. 9, excavated in the summer of 2017. Remains of at least three historical ages have been discovered (Bronze, Roman and Early Migration), some of the archaeological features giving us remarkable results. Out of these, the most relevant, datable in the Roman times, were a sanctuary, an altar dedicated to Silvanus, bearing an unusual attribute and other strucures apparently related to the presumed cultic place.
Ioan Carol Opriș, Alexandru Rațiu, Capidava II. Building C1 – Contributions to the history of annona militaris in the 6th century. With contributions by Andrei Gândilă, Tomasz Ważny, Peter I. Kuniholm, Charlotte L. Pearson, Adriana Rizzo and Choi Mak, Mega Publishing House, Cluj‑Napoca 2017, 207 p.
Authors:   Universitatea Babeș-Bolyai, Cluj-Napoca, Stănescu Radu-Octavian
Published: November 2021

Ioan Carol Opriș, Alexandru Rațiu, Capidava II. Building C1 – Contributions to the history of annona militaris in the 6th century. With contributions by Andrei Gândilă, Tomasz Ważny, Peter I. Kuniholm, Charlotte L. Pearson, Adriana Rizzo and Choi Mak, Mega Publishing House, Cluj‑Napoca 2017, 207 p.
Aegrescit medendo. Some common diseases among the inhabitants of Roman Dacia
Authors:   Muzeul de Istorie Turda, Varga Timea
Published: November 2021

This study aims to trace a possible list of ailments or diseases that the inhabitants of Dacia might have suffered of during Roman period. The corroboration of the anthropological, archaeological, iconographic and epigraphic sources suggests that eye diseases, musculoskeletal disorders, gallbladder or kidney stones, reproductive system disorders, anorectal diseases and dental problems were common medical conditions among the provincial population. Ultimately, the available sources also reveal that while some patients were willing to undergo surgery, others preferred to appeal to less invasive procedures, which involved taking homeopathic medicine, wearing magical amulets, frequenting thermal spas or Asklepieia.
Türkçe gel- ve git- Fiillerinin Anlamı
Authors: YAYLAGÜL ÜSTÜNEL Özen
Published: November 2021

Bu çalışmada Türkçedeki gel- ve git- fiilleri edimbilimsel açıdan çözümlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Gel- ve git- fiilleri temel anlamları dikkate alındığında karşıt anlamlı gösterimsel hareket fiilleri olup ikincil anlamları sanılandan daha karmaşıktır. Gel- fiili temel anlamıyla hedefe yönelik bir fiil olup hareketin hedefi bilinen bir yerdir. Konuşmacı ve muhatabın konumundan bağımsız olarak gel- fiili genellikle git- fiilinden daha çok tercih edilir; kimi zaman gel- fiili git- fiili yerine kullanılabilir. Bununla birlikte her durumda gel- fiilinin git- fiili yerine kullanılamadığı da açıktır. gel- fiili (
Tuva Türkçesinde İşlevsel Dilbilgisi’ne Göre İşteşliğin Anlambilimsel Yönü
Authors: SARIKAYA AKSOY Tuğba
Published: November 2021

Bu çalışmada Türk dilinin Kuzeydoğu alanı içinde yer alan Türk lehçelerinden biri olan Tuva Türkçesinde işteşlik kategorisinin anlambilimsel yönü İşlevsel Dilbilgisi kuramına göre incelenmiştir. İşlevsel Dilbilgisi, dilin yapısal birimlerinin bağlam içindeki işlevlerini ve kullanımlarını anlambilimsel, sözdizimsel ve edimbilimsel olmak üzere üç ayrı düzlemde inceler. Bir yüklemin biçimsel ve anlamsal özelliklerinin somut ve soyut cümle yapılarıyla kodlanması olay durumu olarak adlandırılır. Olay durumu türleri süreç, durum, hareket ve konum aracılığıyla açıklanır. Olay durumları devingenlik, denetleme, bitmişlik, anlık ve deneyim olmak üzere beş değişkene sahiptir.

İşteşlik, bir eylemin birden fazla katılımcı tarafından birlikte, ortaklaşa, karşılıklı veya yardımlaşarak yapıldığını gösteren bir kategoridir ve bu kategorinin biçimbirimsel, sözlüksel, sözdizimsel ve anlambilimsel düzlemleri bulunmaktadır. Çalışmada Tuva Türkçesi edebî metinlerinden seçilen örneklem doğrultusunda işteşliğin anlambilimsel düzlemde tespit edilen doğrudan (karşılıklılık, birliktelik, topluluk, yardımlaşma) ve dolaylı (mücadele etme, meydan okuma, zorlama, zıtlık) işteşlik işlevleri olay durumu değişkenlerine göre ele alınmıştır.
Dilin Doğuşu ve Evrimi: Basamak Teorisi
Authors: ERCİLASUN Ahmet Bican
Published: November 2021

Makale, dilin doğuşu ve evrimi hakkında “basamak teorisi” adını verdiğim teoriyi açıklamak üzere yazılmıştır. Teori, sadece dilin doğuşu üzerinde değil doğuştan sonraki aşamaları üzerinde de durulması gerektiğini savunmaktadır. Adam’s Tongue adlı eserinde Derek Bickerton, “how humans made language?” (insan lisanı nasıl yarattı?) diye soruyordu. Basamak teorisi daha çok, “kök dil oluştuktan sonra nasıl gelişti?” sorusunun cevabını aramaktadır. Teoriye göre “doğrudan taklit”ten sonra dil, yedi basamaktan geçerek evrimleşmiştir. Bunlar sırasıyla “zaman ve mekân engelinin aşılması, simgesel kelimelerin doğuşu, belli anlam ve işlevlerin seslerin karakterinden doğuşu (fonosemantik), kelimelerin çoğaltılması, söz dizimi, çekimin ortaya çıkışı, farklılaşma (lehçelere ve dillere ayrılma)” basamaklarıdır. Makalede bu basamaklar anlatıldıktan ve günümüzdeki duruma da kısaca temas edildikten sonra dillerin birbirlerinden ve kelimelerin ilk biçimlerinden uzaklaşması (keyfîlik / nedensizlik özelliğinin ortaya çıkışı)’nın sebepleri sekiz madde hâlinde açıklanmaya çalışılmıştır. İnsan evrimiyle dil evrimi arasındaki paralelliklere de bu çalışmada dikkat çekilmiştir.
Production and nutritional value of wheat and triticale cultivars in different harvest times in the Minas Gerais semiarid
Authors:   Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Vieira Emanuell Medeiros , Albuquerque Carlos Juliano Brant ,   Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Rigueira João Paulo Sampaio ,   Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Gomes Virgílio Mesquita ,   Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Coelho Maurício Antônio de Oliveira ,   Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuária de Minas Gerais, Rocha Júnior Vicente Ribeiro Rocha ,   Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Monção Flávio Pinto ,   Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Santana Isadora Alves ,   Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Hora Fernanda Ferreira da ,   Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Gomes Maria Letícia Rodrigues ,   Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco
Published: November 2021

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the productive performance and nutritional value of forage of wheat and triticale cultivars at different harvest times in the semiarid region of Minas Gerais. Eight wheat cultivars and two triticale cultivars harvested at three stages of plant development were evaluated: Rubberization, grain at the stage of soft mass and harvest maturation. The experimental design adopted was a randomized block in a factorial scheme 10 × 3, with three replicates, 10 cultivars and 3 developmental stages for plant collection. The main agronomic characteristics and nutritional value were evaluated of forage of the cultivars under study. The study demonstrated the potential of wheat and triticale cultivation for forage in the semiarid region of Minas Gerais. The mean dry matter yield of wheat cultivars was 5.90 t ha-1, 7.85 t ha-1 and 7.98 t ha-1 and triticale 6.47 t ha-1, 9.97 t ha-1 and 10.5 t ha-1 for the rubber harvesting stages, grain at the stage of soft mass and harvest maturation, respectively. For the average crude protein content, the wheat cultivars showed 15.07%, 9.13%, 10.60% and the triticale cultivars showed 14.4%, 9.31% and 10.05% for the harvest stages of rubber formation, grain at the stage of soft mass and harvest maturation, respectively. When evaluating the average levels of total digestible nutrients, the wheat and triticale cultivars showed an average of 48.90% and 48.67% in the rubber harvesting stage and 42.68% and 49.60% in the grain in the mass stage suave and 44.43% and 42.90% at harvest maturation. The highest yield of digestible dry matter was observed with the cultivars harvested at the grain stage at the soft mass stage. Triticale IPR 111 and Wheat IPR PANATY had greater productive potential and better nutritional quality for use as forage.
Analysis on Students’ Interest in Speaking Skill (A Descriptive Quantitative to the Eleventh Grade Students of SMAN 1 Boyan Tanjung in the Academic Year of 2021/2022)
Authors: Wahyuni Marisa Elentri , Kurniawati Tri , Sahrawi Sahrawi
Published: November 2021

The purposes of the research here 1) To find out the level of students’ interest in speaking skill at eleventh grade of SMAN 1 Boyan Tanjung. 2) To find out students' responses in speaking skill at eleventh grade in SMAN 1 Boyan Tanjung. The research method used in this research was descriptive method. Data collection techniques used in this research resume are Direct communication technique, and Indirect Communication Techniques. Data collection tools are  questionnaires and interviews. The data analysis technique used is the formula percentage by Zuldafrial (2012:226). Based on the results of the study can be concluded that in that in a manner general speaking skill at Eleventh Grade in SMAN 1 Boyan Tanjung has been low interest. More specifically can be described as follows 1) The level of students’ interest in speaking skill at eleventh grade SMAN 1 Boyan Tanjung in the Academic Year of 2021/2022 which has a fairly good level of interest this is evident from the results of the acquisition of 50% included inpretty high category. 2) Students' responses in speaking skill at Eleventh Grade in SMAN 1 Boyan Tanjung in the Academic Year of 2021/2022 is low. The low interest of students in speaking English there are several factors from them not liking English, from accuracy, fear of spelling mistakes to difficult lessons for them.
Los elementos suprasegmentales en la expresión oral de estudiantes universitarios bilingües
Authors: Velásquez Velásquez Vilma , Lipe Iquiapaza Honoria Gaby , Corimayta Zanabria Livia Milagros
Published: November 2021

En este trabajo se intenta identificar el uso de los elementos suprasegmentales y su repercusión en la interaccióncomunicativa de estudiantes universitarios; en tal sentido, el objetivo es describir el nivel de desarrollo de loselementos suprasegmentales en la expresión oral de estudiantes de tres escuelas profesionales de la Facultad deCiencias Sociales de la Universidad Nacional del Altiplano; para lo cual se aplicó el test de evaluación prosódica enel habla T.E.P.H.A. que comprende la entonación, el ritmo, la acentuación, la velocidad y la lectura expresiva. Losresultados indican que el nivel de desarrollo de las habilidades suprasegmentales es medianamente significativo.
A.B. Simpson’s Fourfold Gospel in the Evangelical Church of Vietnam: A Study of Selective Theological Assimilation
Authors: Duy Nguyen Vinh
Published: November 2021

The officially distinctive mark of the Evangelical Church of Vietnam (ECVN) is the Fourfold Gospel emblem. It is inherited from A.B. Simpson, the founder of the Christian and Missionary Alliance (C&MA), through the teaching of C&MA missionaries in Vietnam. However, ECVN adapted some of the teachings and reinterpreted the symbols in the Vietnamese context. The reason is that the assimilation of the Fourfold Gospel to the ECVN’s theology has been selected through a fundamentalistic perspective and a serious uneasiness about Pentecostalism, and hence, it has become disconnected from its original theological foundation.
What Has Cordilleran Spirituality to do with Evangelicals?
Authors: Samdao Francis Jr. S.
Published: November 2021

This article brings out some aspects of the Cordilleran primal spirituality of the northern Philippines and two vital lessons for Evangelicals influenced by the Enlightenment worldview. Evangelicals in the West tend to dichotomize the supernatural realm and the natural world. Their propositional spirituality and individualistic lens have shaped many Filipino Evangelicals. In this essay, I use a hermeneutic of appreciation of culture since it is a vital interlocutor of Christian theology. I argue that Cordilleran spirituality has something to contribute to evangelical Christianity. Of particular interest are the Cordilleran view of the existence of spirits and their hermeneutical community.
THE INFLUENCE OF MATERNAL ANXIETY TOWARDS THE SELECTION OF MATERNITY PLACES DURING COVID- 19
Authors: Yulia Cut , Maidar Maidar , Hidayat Melania , Abdullah Asnawi , Marthoenis Marthoenis
Published: November 2021

Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19) pandemic is currently engulfing almost the entire world, including Indonesia. As of August 12, 2021, there were 3,774,155 positive cases of Covid-19 in Indonesia, 24,709 new cases and 113,664 deaths. The group of maternal is a vulnerable group, where there are 4.9% of pregnant women who are confirmed positive for COVID-19 from 1,483 confirmed cases that have accompanying condition data. Therefore, maternal, perinatal, postpartum and newborns are vulnerable targets for transmission of COVID-19 infection and this condition is feared to increase maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. The general objective of this study was to determine the effect of the anxiety level of pregnant women on the choice of place of delivery during the COVID-19 period. This study used a survey method with a cross sectional approach. The study was conducted in Aceh Barat Regency, in March-June 2021. The population in this study were 637 third trimester pregnant women in 2021. The number of samples in this study was 246 samples calculated by the slovin formula and using accidental sampling technique. Data analysis used logistic regression test. The results of the bivariate analysis showed that there was a significant effect between the level of mild anxiety and the choice of place of delivery during the COVID-19 pandemic with a value (OR=5.6, 95% CI=2.04-15.3, p-value=0.001), . While the level of moderate anxiety had no significant effect on the choice of place of delivery during the Covid-19 period (OR=2.1, 95% CI=0.4-12.4, p-value=0.383) The level of severe anxiety in pregnant women was also not significant. effect on the choice of place of delivery during the Covid-19 period (OR=1.1, 95% CI=0, p-value=0.989). Expected to the government can improve education programs and supervision of the prevention and control of the Covid 19 pandemic, especially groups of pregnant women in order to minimize the possibility of excessive anxiety in pregnant women during the Covid 19 pandemic.
PATTERNS OF CHEMICAL CONTROL OF WEEDS ON DISC ON PRODUCTION AND RAINFALL AND RAIN DAYS AT KUALA PESILAM GARDEN GARDEN ELEPHANT HALL DIVISION I PT. BAHRUNY
Authors: Maharany Rina , Arfianti Saragih Dina , R Pulungan Delyana , Ucha Pradifta Ika , Kahfi Adam Muhammad
Published: November 2021

This final project research was conducted at the Kuala Pesilam Balai Gajah estate, Division I, PT. Bahruny, North Sumatra Province. This study took place from July to July 2021. This study aims to determine the pattern of weed control in the circle on production as well as rainfall and rainy days. This study uses a descriptive method by collecting secondary data from the garden: rainfall and production data. The results of this study can indicate that Indonesia's unstable palm oil production is caused by several factors, namely genetic factors, biotic factors (weeds) and abiotic factors (rainfall and rainy days). Production in 2020 is the highest production of oil palm for 4 years (2017-2020) with a total production of 5,971,760 Kilograms with an area of 336.96 hectares. The amount of rainfall is 2371 mm and rainy days is 117 days with weed control patterns on the disk carried out 4 times a year. Production in 2018 was the lowest production of oil palm for 4 years (2016-2020) with a total production of 4,032,338 kg, with an area of 267.96 Ha. The amount of rainfall is 1854 mm and rainy days is 112 rainy days with weed control patterns on the disc 2 times a year. The optimal rainfall for the growth and production of oil palm plants is 2,000 mm, but with 1846 mm of rainfall it does not mean it is not good for the growth and production of oil palm plants as long as there is no water deficit, so this rainfall is still included in the criteria for growing oil palm. Production in 2018 was the lowest production of oil palm for 4 years (2016-2020) with a total production of 4,032,338 kg, with an area of 267.96 Ha. The amount of rainfall is 1854 mm and rainy days is 112 rainy days with weed control patterns on the disc 2 times a year. The optimal rainfall for the growth and production of oil palm plants is 2,000 mm, but with 1846 mm of rainfall it does not mean it is not good for the growth and production of oil palm plants as long as there is no water deficit, so this rainfall is still included in the criteria for growing oil palm. Production in 2018 was the lowest production of oil palm for 4 years (2016-2020) with a total production of 4,032,338 kg, with an area of 267.96 Ha. The amount of rainfall is 1854 mm and rainy days is 112 rainy days with weed control patterns on the disc 2 times a year. The optimal rainfall for the growth and production of oil palm plants is 2,000 mm, but with 1846 mm of rainfall it does not mean it is not good for the growth and production of oil palm plants as long as there is no water deficit, so this rainfall is still included in the criteria for growing oil palm.
A Scientific analysis on the crisis of poverty in India and its influence on the overall development of the country
Authors: Bhattacharya Sumanta , Sachdev Bhavneet Kaur
Published: November 2021

In India the wealth is in the hands of 1 % of the population which constitute the rich people of the society and 90 % of the people live below poverty line and rest are middle class people. From being the richest civilisation today, India is one of the poorest country. India has the second biggest population which is one of the major reason for poverty followed by which we have massive illiterate people in India, India was once the richest country and had the highest GDP because all the people in India were educated and earned a good amount, there was no system of reservation or caste system or gender based discrimination in imparting education to its people, which is dominating the present education system followed by the issue of language, lack of employment and health acre provisions, poor agriculture investment in the country, we have seen a rise in farmer suicide due to poverty, the Human Development Index has remained the same since 2015 and we have seen a decline in GDP after demonetisation which has contributed to lost of jobs for around 40,000 people. The present situation is worst, where we have complete lockdown due to COVID and people are dying because hunger more than of COVID-19.
Assessment of Dark Tourism Awareness in Youtube Social Network
Authors:   Kolping University of Applied Sciences, Lithuania, Navickiene Regina , Meiste Ruta , Zaleckaite Egle
Published: November 2021

This paper deals with dark tourism, as fast-developing phenomenon and a form of alternative tourism, which is defined as visiting real and artificial places of disaster, exile, poverty and death. Dark tourism does not come into existence without social media, which is commonly understood as a set of web applications that allow users to publish and share content online and is associated with international brands. One of the most popular social networks is YouTube, which captures millions of viewers. Therefore, the scientific problem arises that thanks to YouTube social media platform travellers can gather information and experience from others to widen their knowledge, but it’s not clear how dark tourism is rated and assessed on YouTube. The research aim is to assess dark tourism in the social media platform YouTube. The research object is dark tourism in the social media platform YouTube. An empirical study has shown that in order to attract more tourists to visit dark tourism sites through social networks, the technical elements of video production, their content and image quality have to be carefully considered as it is important for the viewers. Respondents were interested not only in the videos about dark tourism, but also in written or spoken information, with particular emphasis on completeness, not just the musical background. Good quality and informative footage on YouTube encourage more interest in the object being seen and lead to a desire to read comments and ratings from other active social network members. The YouTube network is well-suited to promoting a variety of tourist attractions, as it is easily accessible and at no cost. Some respondents emphasized and did not change their opinion even after the discussions that the term ‘dark tourism’ itself is macabre and unattractive and only referred to it as a new trendy word.
Social Economy in Bulgarian Municipalities – Scope, Opportunities and Challenges
Authors:   ", Ilcheva Maria ,   St. Cyril and Methodius",   University of Veliko Tarnovo
Published: November 2021

In the last decade, Bulgaria is facing new challenges related with the growing social fragmentation and social exclusion, which require new type of interventions combining economic and social models. Undoubtedly, social economy is a key feature of European social model and it creates opportunities for new jobs, boosts social innovations as a response to the growing public needs and stimulates social cohesion. Bulgarian municipalities have a twofold role in the social economy – on one side they act as operators in social economy through the establishment of municipal social enterprises. On the other side as local authorities, they can formulate local policies and create favorable conditions to boost social economy. The article is analyzing the scope, trends and opportunities of Bulgarian municipalities to strengthen the social economy at local level, and in this way to influence the creation of a favorable environment for social enterprises. In addition, it provides an overview of the existing models of municipal social enterprises and the expected impact on the local development.
Three innovative laws in Uruguay – Law on Abortion, Same-sex Marriage and Legalization of Marijuana
Authors:   University of the Republic in Uruguay, Arosena Felipe , Agiar Sebastian
Published: November 2021

In 2013, Uruguay shocked the world with three laws passed in just over a year, concerning same-sex marriage, decriminalization of abortion and marijuana regulation. In this work, we will develop the content of these proposals and explore some of the major causes related to their approval at this historical moment of the country. Finally, the article discusses the virtues and problems of the respective implementations.
Termination of the Employment Relationship by the Employee with Monetary Payment under Art. 232, para. 3 of the Labour Code
Authors:   St. Kliment Ohridski University of Sofia, Bulgaria, Banov Hristo
Published: November 2021

The article analyses the legal nature of the employee’s obligation for monetary payment under Art. 232, para. 3 of the Labour Code. It is reasonable to conclude that by establishing the possibility of fulfilling this obligation, which represents an optional remuneration, the legislator grants the employee the right to terminate the employment relationship unilaterally, both during the training and after its successful completion. The concept of “non-justified reasons” used in legislation, is thoroughly researched and a de lege ferenda proposal is formulated to overcome the current ambiguity. The rules set out in the law are discussed, both for contracting and for the final calculation of the amount of the employee’s monetary payment.
The Concept of Methods in the National Government. Methods and Principles. Types of Methods
Authors:   ", Sivkov Tsvetan ,   St. Cyril and Methodius",   University of Veliko Tarnovo
Published: November 2021

The present article attempts to define the concept of methods in the national government and focuses on the particularity of these methods. It considers the following issues: the methods in the national government and the principles of the executive activity, the types of methods, etc.
Termination of Criminal Proceedings in Cases of Private Nature by the Reporting Judge when the Act does not Constitute a Criminal Offence
Authors:   St. Kliment Ohridski University of Sofia, Bulgaria, Mitov Georgi
Published: November 2021

The provision of art. 250, para 1, item 2 of CPR, which regulates the power of reporting judge to terminate the criminal proceedings when the act, described in the indictment or complaint, does not constitute a criminal offence, is canceled with amendments in CPC, promulgated in the State Gazette, issue 63 from August, 4th, 2017, entered into force on November, 5th, 2017. In the cases of private nature this creates practical problems and raises many theoretical questions. The case law seeks to resolve the problems by equalizing the mentioned hypothesis to the irregularity of complaint, i.e. accepts that the complaint doesn’t meet the requirements of art. 81 of CPC and terminates the criminal proceedings on the grounds of art. 250, para 1, in the connection with art. 24, para 5, item 2 of CPC. This solution can be supported, but for exactness de lege ferenda this power of reporting judge should be explicitly regulated again.
The Individual Rights of Creditors in the Institutional Proceedings and its Influence on the Institutional Mass and the Creditors ‘Assembly
Authors:   Sofia Bar Association, Bulgaria, Andreev Natalia
Published: November 2021

The publication examines the importance of individual creditors’ rights in insolvency proceedings, which are available to creditors after the opening of insolvency proceedings. The formation of a collective body, the management of the proceedings and the bankruptcy mass, such as the creditors’ meeting, does not put an end to the rights of the individual creditor. The impact of these individual rights is an issue affecting the mechanisms of production management and its completion, which is why it is of interest to all existing insolvency lawyers. Due to the significant volume of individual strikes and their impact on production and bankruptcy, the article only addresses some of them.
For Some Aspects of Administrative Law State of State of Emergency and Allowable Restriction of Rights
Authors:   ", Ivanova Yoana ,   St. Cyril and Methodius",   University of Veliko Tarnovo
Published: November 2021

The state of emergency implies for a unique legal reality. In order to slow the spread of the disease numerous restrictions are imposed. Only law can introduce allowable restrictions of rights. Moreover, the right of effective judicial protection cannot be restricted.
Cultural Heritage Governance, Policies and Management in Serbia
Authors: Vasilev Veselin
Published: November 2021

The article deals with the system of cultural heritage governance and management in Serbia as a successor state of Yugoslavia which faced a number of serious risks. These included not only an economic downturn and public neglect, but also war and systematic destruction based on political and ethnocentric agendas. Since the beginning of the 2010s, the heritage community in Serbia has been provided systematic public support in the form of finance, legislation and priority. The paper tests the effect of these institutional changes in practice by using indicators such as museum visits, scholarly and curatorial activities. It concludes that the rise in the number of visitors in Serbian museums is hampered by low cultural participation of the population and by the lack of sufficient curatorial activity.
Ottoman Criminal Law – an Attempt to Create Modern Legislation
Authors:   UNWE, Bulgaria, Radeva Neli
Published: November 2021

During the 19th century, Ottoman law was influenced by the West. The Tanzimat reforms marked the beginning of criminal codification in the Ottoman Empire, whose Penal Code was adopted in 1858. It was modern in terms of format and content, and it differed from the penal laws of 1840 and 1851. Its first article stated that it shall not repeal the provisions of Sharia law. This dual nature of the code caused a lot of confusion. The complete replacement of Sharia law with modern European law did not happen suddenly, but gradually. This was necessary for the government to embrace the new ideas and understandings of the modern societies at that time. Therefore, the attempts of the Ottoman authorities to modernize the Empire’s laws, particularly the ONK, cannot be denied.
Company Controller's Role as One Way to Rescue Companies under Jordanian's Insolvency Act 2018 "Comparative Study"
Authors: Alshakhanbeh Khaled Abed
Published: November 2021

The main objective of this article is to shed light on the new emergence on the Jordanian insolvency Act no. 21 of 2018, after it became independent from the commercial law, specifically the role of the companies general controller through the application of the provisions of this law to rescue company as much as possible from stopping running its business activates and then its insolvency. In this article, the Jordanian law was compared with English law in order to compel Jordanian legislator to benefit from other legislation, given that the Jordanian law is still recent.

This article dealt with the issue of corporate rescue and the role of the company controller in starting company insolvency procedures, in accordance with the provisions of the Jordanian Insolvency Act 2018; with refer to the provisions of the UNCITRAL Insolvency Legislative Guide 2004.

This article concluded that Jordanian legislator must develop a rescue culture by putting in place protection for insolvent companies, such as a moratorium and expanding the means of rescue, rather than limiting the rescue culture to the reorganization plan that is adopted by the UNCITRAL Legislative Guide of Insolvency 2004. In addition, Jordanian legislators must make some legal amendments that are in line with recommendations made by legal authorities within the framework of the company controller role in the Jordanian Insolvency Act 2018.
Pragmatische vreemdelingenrechters
Authors: Geertsema Karen , Glasgow Yasemin , Terlouw Ashley , ter Voert Marijke
Published: November 2021

Pragmatic migration judges. How covid-19 measures changed the role of migration judges

In this contribution we investigated:

What changes in the handling of immigration law suits has the corona pandemic led to?

What influence have these changes had on the role of first-line migra­tion judges?

Has their working method been adjusted as a result of the corona measures? If so, does this still fit in their view and that of the parties to the proceedings within the requirements of a fair trial and the professional standards that apply to judges?

Do the changes in working ­methods require different skills from migration judges?

Are the changes in the handling of cases and the way of working, temporary or permanent?
Als wetgeving niet zwart of wit is, maar grijs
Authors: Linthorst Eline Marie , Oldenhof Lieke
Published: November 2021

On the effects of responsive law: strategies that professionals and citizens employ to deal with ambiguity of the open norm of the Dutch Social Support Act

In this article we study a case of responsive law, i.e. the Dutch Social Support Act, which entails the open norm to provide tailored support as the antithesis of universal ‘one-size-fits-all-solutions’. Rather than assessing clients’ needs based on check lists, street-level bureaucrats are expected to jointly explore fitting solutions in dialogue with citizens during a so-called kitchen table talk. The space to tailor support to the individual situation, however, creates ambiguity about the interpretation of this open norm and conflicting expectations with regard to stakeholders’ roles. This role-ambiguity is not only situated in the interaction between professional and citizen at the kitchen table, but is nested in a multi-actor network of policy makers, frontline workers, clients of social support, lawyers and judges. In this article we zoom in on this network to investigate how multiple stakeholders cope with ambiguity regarding the interpretation of the open norm and each other’s roles. The conducted qualitative study (observations, interviews and document analysis) provides revealing insights into the strategies employed by multiple actors when role-ambiguity emerges, including strategies of standardization, proto professionalization and objectification. These strategies cannot be seen in isolation from one another and their interaction results in the unintended effect of more rules and administrative burden and less discretionary space for tailored support. Based on these findings we argue that mutual trust and insights into the various roles within this network is of great importance in order to prevent rule-reflex. In addition, professionals should be better equipped to conduct open dialogues about what constitutes appropriate support with the client. Finally, sufficient financial leeway is needed for municipalities so that they are not forced to constantly seek the legal boundaries of what can be regarded as the minimum variant of social support.
Práticas tecnológicas na educação inclusiva durante a pandemia do COVID-19
Authors: Vitorino Maitê , Santos Bruna Carolina de Lima Siqueira dos , Gesser Verônica
Published: November 2021

O contexto marcado pela pandemia do COVID-19, trouxe diversos desafios, no campo da educação. Escolas precisaram se reorganizar, visando garantir o atendimento aos alunos, nesse contexto, a tecnologia foi encontrada como uma solução para intermediar esse processo. Estudos que abordam essa nova perspectiva já podem ser encontrados, contudo, no presente estudo, chamamos atenção para um ângulo por vezes tangenciado, que é o objeto desta pesquisa: multiplicidades, em especial o atendimento aos alunos com deficiência. O que nos instiga a questionar: Quais metodologias e recursos tecnológicos estão sendo adotados pelos professores da educação inclusiva, para garantir o atendimento educacional. O estudo caracteriza-se como exploratório e qualitativo. A coleta de dados foi realizada através da técnica de grupo focal. Os dados, coletados foram analisados por meio da metodologia da Análise Textual Discursiva – ATD. Os resultados da pesquisa, apontam desafios, potencialidades, estratégias e desafios pessoais.
Diagnostic performance of whole-genome sequencing for identifying drug-resistant TB in Thailand
Authors: Kamolwat P. , Nonghanphithak D. , Chaiprasert A. , Smithtikarn S. , Pungrassami P. , Faksri K.
Published: November 2021

BACKGROUND: Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) is a promising tool for the detection of drug-resistant TB (DR-TB). To date, there have been few comparisons of diagnostic performance of WGS and phenotypic drug susceptibility testing (DST) in DR-TB.METHODS: We compared drug
resistance-conferring mutations identified by WGS analysis using TB-Profiler and Mykrobe with phenotypic DST profiles based on the Löwenstein-Jensen proportion method using drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (n = 537) isolates from across Thailand. Based on available
phenotypic DST results, diagnostic performance was analysed for resistance against isoniazid, rifampicin, ethambutol (EMB), streptomycin, ethionamide (ETH), kanamycin, capreomycin (CPM), para-aminosalicylic acid, ofloxacin and levofloxacin.RESULTS: High agreement between the two
methods was observed for most drugs (>91%), except EMB (57%, 95% CI 53–61) and ETH (70%, 95% CI 66–74). Also, low specificity was observed for EMB (49%, 95% CI 44–54) and ETH (66%, 95% CI 61–71). Sensitivity was high for most drugs (range 83–98%), except CPM
(77%, 95% CI 59–88).CONCLUSION: Low agreement between WGS and phenotypic tests for drug resistance was found for EMB and ETH. The current genomic database is insufficient for the identification of CPM resistance. Challenges remain for routine usage of WGS-based DST, especially
for second-line anti-TB drugs.
Activity of Eugeniusz Kwiatkowski as minister of industry and trade in the years 1926–1939
Authors: Machaliński Zbigniew
Published: November 2021

Eugeniusz Kwiatkowski held the position of minister of industry and trade from
8 June 1926 to 2 August 1930. The greatest success of Kwiatkowski as the minister of
trade was the unusually efficient and courageous implementation of the maritime economy development program with particular emphasis on the construction of the Gdynia port.
Rola organizacji pozarządowych w rozwoju ojczystojęzycznego szkolnictwa diaspory ukraińskiej w Kanadzie
Authors: Rusnak Ivan
Published: November 2021

Ethnic civic organizations, associations and societies played an important role in the development of Ukrainian schooling in the diaspora during the entire period of its activity. In Canada, in particular, the Ukrainian Workers’ House played a special role in this case. With its efforts, 50 children’s schools have been founded, where almost two thousand pupils studied. In the 1920-s, the Ukrainian National Association (UNA) joined the development of native-language schooling. The most considerable activity in the development of national education of the settlers was shown by the Committee of Ukrainian Canadians (CUC), established in 1940, which, as founders, gradually included 30 ethnic organizations, societies and institutions. At each of its congresses, the issues of activity of native-language schooling was discussed, the concrete measures were developed as for its further development and improvement, strengthening of the influence on the evolution of the national minority and preservation of its ethno-cultural identity in the field of the ethnic environment.
Mídias imersivas no reforço e mudança comportamental: uma revisão sistemática
Authors: Oliveira Bruno Silva de , Tori Romero
Published: November 2021

Atingir determinado nível de letramento muitas vezes exige não só obter conhecimento, mas também desenvolver ou aprimorar comportamentos necessários para aplicar o conhecimento com competência. Intervenções normalmente adotadas na conscientização sobre necessidades de mudanças comportamentais, como por exemplo na educação financeira ou alimentar, têm se mostrado pouco eficientes, provavelmente por não simularem comportamentos próximos às situações do mundo real. As mídias imersivas surgem como uma opção que, aliadas a métodos ativos de ensino, seriam capazes de impactar comportamentos. Visando contribuir com as pesquisas no desenvolvimento de soluções educacionais imersivas que envolvam mudanças comportamentais, foi realizada uma revisão sistemática da literatura sobre a aplicação de mídias imersivas, em contexto educacional, para gerar reforço ou mudanças no comportamento dos alunos. O objetivo desta revisão foi identificar se essas mídias colaboram com o processo de aprendizagem de comportamentos. Verificou-se que estas mídias, principalmente as relacionadas a realidade virtual e o uso de avatares em simuladores e jogos tridimensionais, são opções eficientes para aprender e ensinar comportamentos, graças ao aumento de engajamento, predisposição ao aprendizado social e criação de hábitos, com alguns requisitos a serem aplicados e uma agenda de pesquisa a ser explorada.
Pflegekinderhilfe in der Sozialen Arbeit
Authors: Wolf Klaus
Published: November 2021

Foster child support is an expanding field of work: In youth welfare offices and the foster child services of independent institutions, in guardianship, expert assessments and family courts, specialists have to deal with the key questions relating to foster child support. In addition, there are the people affected: foster children, parents and foster parents, siblings and other family members. This book provides a well-founded introduction to this subject area and links important practical issues to international research findings. It analyses current developments in this respect in Germany, Austria and Switzerland and illustrates the variety of forms of care relationships with case studies. In this way, the importance of professional services and the courses of action open to them become clear.
Die BGB-Klausur – eine Schreibwerkstatt
Authors: Mayer Volker , Oesterwinter Petra
Published: November 2021

Die BGB-Klausur – eine Schreibwerkstatt will gemeinsam mit der Leserschaft erarbeiten, worauf es beim Lernen und Anwenden des Zivilrechts im Studium, insbesondere beim Schreiben von BGB-Klausuren also, ankommt. Richtig lesen lernen, juristisches Denken lernen, überhaupt richtig lernen zu lernen. Sie richtet sich an Studienanfängerinnen und Studienanfänger wie Examenskandidatinnen und Examenskandidaten gleichermaßen.
Gerade das pandemiebedingt notwendige distance learning während der vergangenen Semester hat den Bedarf an zusätzlicher Hilfestellung beim Einüben des juristischen Lernens, Denkens und Schreibens verstärkt gezeigt. Hier schafft "die Schreibwerkstatt" Abhilfe und führt Schritt für Schritt zum juristischen Gutachten.
Inszenierungsspiele
Authors: Boy Alina
Published: November 2021

Franziska zu Reventlow’s novels have long been received as autobiographical references to her ‘scandalous’ life. Focusing instead on the narrative strategies and intermedial structure of her work, this study foregrounds Reventlow’s ironic deconstruction of cultural and literary traditions as well as her own public persona. The authorial myth surrounding Reventlow’s work and persona is explored as the effect of complex interplay between her self-fashioning and literary texts.
A comparison of aleurone cells in centenarian African and contemporary barley seeds to identify the geographic origin
Authors: MILANESI Claudio , VIGNANI Rita , SCALI Monica , FALERI Claudia , DONNE Matteo DELLE , CRESTI Mauro , COSTANTINI Lorenzo
Published: November 2021

Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is one of the main domesticated cereals. For this reason, barley seeds have been found in numerous archaeological sites, and since the mid-19th century have been available in numerous natural museum collections. About a hundred years ago samples were collected in the African countries of Eritrea and Cyrenaica (now Libya), and have been preserved as ex-situ in the museum collection “L’Orientale” of the University of Naples. The varieties of contemporary barley selected for comparative analysis were grown in Tuscany and are used in the production of craft beer. To ascertain their vitality, the ancient and contemporary seeds were placed in Petri dishes to hydrate under a sterile hood at room temperature after a sterilization procedure. Morphological and ultrastructural observations performed on the aleurone cells of the ancient samples presented vital cells. The extraction and purification of DNA from seeds produced results while the genotype comparison of ancient and contemporary barley varieties enabled the construction of a dendrogram of similarity, useful in describing barley from museum genetic heritage collections and in providing a molecular imprint of extant varieties.
Redescription of the genus Megastilicus Casey (Staphylinidae, Paederinae) with the description of a new species
Authors: Żyła Dagmara , Koszela Katarzyna
Published: November 2021

The myrmecophilous Paederinae rove beetle genus Megastilicus Casey, 1889 from North America is reviewed based on museum specimens. Prior to this study, the genus was monotypic with one species Megastilicus formicarius Casey, 1889 described. Here, we provide a redescription of the genus and the type species, designate a lectotype, and provide pictures of habitus and illustrations of the aedeagus and genital segments. Additionally, we describe a new species for the genus, Megastilicus iowaensis sp. nov., include an identification key to the two species and present the distribution map of both of them, including new state records. We discuss the assignment of the genus to the subtribe Stilicina based on morphological features.
ПЕРСПЕКТИВНЫЕ РАЗРАБОТКИ В ПРОИЗВОДСТВЕ ВОЛОКНИСТЫХ ПОЛИМЕРНЫХ СОРБЕНТОВ
Authors: Genis A.V. , Kuznetsov A.V.
Published: November 2021

Приведена классификация волокнистых полимерных сорбентов и рассмотрены основные группы данного вида материалов. Представлен перечень мировых компаний и основных стран-производителей волокнистых сорбентов. Рассмотрены особенности технологии аэродинамического формования волокнистых сорбционно-активных материалов из полимерных растворов. Определены основные структурные параметры влияющие на эксплуатационные характеристики наполненных волокнистых сорбентов, а также методы их регулирования. Проведен анализ преимуществ и недостатков рассмотренных в работе активированных углей.