bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A palavra encarnada: o desenvolvimento da linguagem na obra de René Spitz
Authors:   , Goliath Michelle Vianna
Published: November 2022

O estudo da aquisição da linguagem é de grande importância tanto no campo da psicologia do desenvolvimento, quanto no da psicanálise, dado que a ferramenta principal de sua terapêutica é a fala. Esta dissertação tem o objetivo de apresentar, explicar e explicitar o trabalho de René Spitz. O autor foi um psiquiatra e psicanalista austro-húngaro, que dedicou grande parte de sua obra para o estudo da aquisição da linguagem em crianças pequenas e como esta surge como consequência dos processos de maturação e desenvolvimento físico e psíquico. Em sua teoria da formação do ego, o sujeito passa por sucessivas fases do desenvolvimento, consequência do surgimento de organizadores psíquicos, centros que regem a integração das diversas faculdades presentes no organismo num determinado momento. Assim, para que se desenvolva a linguagem verbal, é preciso antes passar por três fases do desenvolvimento, cujo estabelecimento pode ser identificado através de indicadores: o primeiro é a resposta sorriso, movimento involuntário do bebê por volta dos 3 meses de idade quando se depara com a visão frontal de uma face em movimento, sinal de que já é possível se distinguir entre o vivo e o inanimado; em seguida, por volta dos 8 meses de idade, o infante expressa ansiedade quando colocado frente a pessoas desconhecidas, sinal de que já distingue entre eu e outro, e entre conhecidos e estranhos. Por fim, dos 15 aos 18 meses de idade, a criança se mostra capaz de entender e utilizar o “não” corretamente. Essa ação indica a aquisição da linguagem e, a partir do domínio do “não”, primeiro conceito abstrato apreendido pela criança, outros símbolos verbais começam a surgir. O trabalho de Spitz é de grande valor para a teoria psicanalítica e se distingue tanto pelas interfaces com outras áreas do conhecimento, como a etologia, a psicologia experimental e do desenvolvimento, a embriologia e a antropologia, quanto por relacionar a aquisição da linguagem ao desenvolvimento físico, psíquico e emocional do bebê, ressaltando a importância de uma relação boa e estável com a mãe ou o cuidador primário.
Assessment of Immunological Effects of Low-Level Er: YAG Laser Radiation
Authors: Ansari Mojtaba , Rezaei-Tavirani Mostafa , Hamzeloo-Moghadam Maryam , Vafaee Reza , Razzaghi Mohhamadreza , Nikzamir Mahfam , Rostami Nejad Mohammad , Zamanizn Azodi Mona
Published: November 2022

Introduction: Low-level laser radiation has a significant effect on cell proliferation. Various investigations into the effect of Er: YAG laser on the treated cell lines have been published. Determining core targeted proteins is an attractive subject. This research aimed at identifying the critical targeted protein by a low-level Er: YAG laser in primary osteoblast-like cells. Methods: Data were extracted from the literature about proteomic assessment of 3.3 J/cm2 of low-level Er: YAG laser radiation on osteoblast-like cells of rat calvaria. The significant differentially expressed proteins plus 100 first neighbors were analyzed via network analysis and gene ontology enrichment. Results: Nine differentially expressed proteins among the 12 queried proteins were included in the main connected component. Analysis revealed that Cxcl1 was a key targeted protein in response to laser radiation. The presence of Cxcl1 in the significant cellular pathways indicated that cell growth and proliferation were affected. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the immune system is affected by the laser to activate cellular defense against stress.
Therapeutic Effect of a Low-Level Laser on Acute Pain and Post-operative Mouth Opening After Closed Reduction of Mandibular-Condylar Fracture
Authors: Bahari Bandari Arash , Hajmohammady Saeed , Mafi Sahar
Published: November 2022

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to determine the therapeutic effect of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on acute pain and the range of mouth opening after condylar closed reduction surgery. The use of low-level lasers, especially to reduce inflammation and pain, has received more attention in recent years. The results of many studies performed in this field are contradictory, and the effectiveness of low-level lasers in the treatment of patients is still uncertain. Methods: This study was performed as a randomized, double-blinded clinical trial on 40 patients with condylar closed reduction surgery. Patients were randomly assigned to two groups of 20 patients, including the placebo and intervention groups. In the intervention group, the patients received LLLT (100 mw, 2 J/cm2 , 20 S/point, 14 extraoral points, 7 days). The range of jaw movements after opening the intermaxillary-fixation was measured. Patients’ pain was assessed using the visual analog scale (VAS). Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 21, the chi-square test, and repeated measures ANOVA. Results: There was no significant difference between the study groups in terms of the range of jaw motions. The mean VAS score was 56.85 (SD=3.817) in the intervention group and 60.95 (SD=4.861) in the placebo group, showing a statistically significant difference between the two groups at the end of the study (P=0.007) Conclusion: The results of this study indicated the effectiveness of low-level lasers in reducing acute pain in patients undergoing closed condylar surgery. Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT20200520047519N1)
Shear Bond Strength of Two Repair Systems to Zirconia Ceramic by Different Surface Treatments
Authors: Abdulla Mohammed A , Hasan Radhwan H
Published: November 2022

Introduction: Intraoral repair has been suggested as a treatment option to repair the chipping or fracture of veneered zirconia; the success of the procedure is mainly determined by the bonding between zirconia and composite resin. The present study aimed to investigate and compare the shear bond strength (SBS) of two intraoral repair systems to zirconia ceramic treated with a laser or air-abrasion surface modification. Methods: Ninety tube-shaped samples (diameter of 10 mm and height of 4 mm) were divided into three main groups: Group I (zirconia 100%, n=30); Group II (veneer ceramic 100% n=30); Group III (zirconia with a veneer ceramic n=30). Each main group was subdivided into two subgroups (n=15): Subgroup A: samples repaired with Ceramic Repair N; Subgroup B: samples repaired with the Cimara Repair System. The subgroup samples were further subdivided based on the treated surface (n=5 samples): Control (no surface modification), Er,Cr:YSGG laser surface modification, and air-abrasion surface modification. The SBS was employed using a universal testing machine. The mode of failure was observed using a stereomicroscope. Results: Significant differences were observed in the mean SBS values between the different surface modifications (P˂0.05). Tukey’s post hoc test showed that the air-abrasion surface modification of the veneer ceramic repaired with the Ceramic repair N system had the highest mean value (13.74 MPa) among the different groups, while no surface modification of zirconia repaired with the Cimara repair system had the lowest mean value (2.84 MPa). The control group (no surface modification) had the lowest mean value among all the treated groups. Conclusion: The SBS is surface modification-dependent, and higher SBS is obtained by air-abrasion than Er, Cr:YSGG laser surface modifications with the selected parameters. The Ceramic repair N system had significantly higher SBS for all surface-treated substrates than the Cimara repair system.
Analyzing the Role of Workplace Vigilantism on Job Outcomes: A Study of Healthcare Professionals of Peshawar
Authors: Iqbal Muhammad Naveed , Ihsan Anjum , Kakakhel Shahid Jan
Published: November 2022

The overall objective of the study was to develop and test a model to find out the relationship between Workplace Vigilantism, Turnover Intention, Work Mindfulness, and Change Oriented Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB). In this connection, the research aim was to focus on health sector nurses of three hospitals of district Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, the population which is equal to 1800. By using the simplified formula for proportions, Taro Yamane and the technique of Uma Sekaran (2012) were utilized to calculate the sample size as well as which is 317. However, 350 questionnaires were distributed due to a possible non-response rate. To avoid any biases, the probability-stratified sampling technique was used. Each hospital was considered as a separate stratum due to the inter-group heterogeneity and from each stratum, respondents were selected subject to their availability. Below is the brief information representing the name of hospitals and the number of nurses’ staff located in the district of Peshawar. The result of all three hypotheses indicated a statistically significant and positive association between workplace vigilantism, Turnover Intention, Work Mindfulness, and Change Oriented Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB). The study was limited to health sector nurses with only three hospitals in Peshawar. In the future, research can have a moderating effect on perceived organizational support to strengthen the vigilante to work for the ultimate benefit of the organization.
The Use of TensorFlow in Analyzing Air Quality Artificial Intelligence Predictions PM2.5
Authors: Rahardja Untung , Aini Qurotul , Sunarya Po Abas , Manongga Danny , Julianingsih Dwi
Published: November 2022

Artificial intelligence techniques to forecasts based on the Community Multiscale Air Quality (PM2.5) operational model can be known using TensorFlow. TensorFlow was used in this study to assess the scores of the Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN) input variables on the 6-hour forecast for July-October 2022. The relevance scores for the one- and two-day forecasts are represented by the sum of the relevance scores across the target prediction timeframe 2–5 and 4–7 previous time steps. The initial selection of input variables was based on their correlation coefficient with the measured PM2.5 concentration. Still, the order of contribution of the input variables measured by TensorFlow was different from the order of their correlation coefficients, which indicated an inconsistency between the linear and nonlinear variables of the method. It was found that the retraining of the RNN model using a subset of variables with a high relevance score resulted in a predictive ability similar to the initial set of input variables.
Lexical Bundles and Disciplinary Variation in Master Theses
Authors: HADİZADEH Abbas , JAHANGİRİAN Sonia
Published: November 2022

Lexical bundles, as fixed-form recurrent word combinations of multiple words, constitute a significant portion of academic writing and play a pivotal role in producing fluent texts. Extant studies on lexical bundles have documented difficulties that second language learners, and particularly writers experience in producing these bundles in their academic writing. However, despite an extensive existing body of research on the use of lexical bundles in various fields, the use of such linguistic devices across various disciplines, particularly in the Iranian context is an under-researched area. Thus, this study examined the frequency, functions and structure of 4-word lexical bundle use in master theses of native English-speaking writers and Iranian second language (L2) writers across four different disciplines. For this purpose, two corpora, each containing 60 master theses, 120 theses in total, were selected and analyzed following a corpus-based approach. The findings of the study revealed that, overall, Iranian writers incorporated more lexical bundles in their texts than their native English counterparts and that their use varied functionally and structurally across not only native and nonnative corpora but also across disciplines. The study has important implications for Iranian L2 writers of the respective disciplines as well as genre-based instruction in English for both academic and specific purposes.
Correlation between Zinc and Folic Acid Intake with Hemoglobin Levels in Pregnancy
Authors: Siregar Eka Darmayanti Putri , Arni Amir  , Nuzulia Irawati
Published: November 2022

The deficiency of micronutrients and anemia are nutritional problems in pregnancy. WHO in 2019 and Riskesdas in 2018 reported that anemic pregnant women in Indonesia were 44.2% and 48.9%. Public Health Service also reported there was an increased prevalence of this problem in West Sumatra and Padang City in 2019 which was 18.1% and 11.2%. Micronutrient deficiency affected the hemoglobin (Hb) level, which is one of the indicators marking anemia in pregnancy. The objective was to determine the correlation between zinc and folic acid with hemoglobin levels in the third trimester of pregnancy. This analytical cross-sectional research was held in the Health Center and laboratory of Lubuk Kilangan on May-July 2022. The population and samples were 64 third-trimester pregnant women with total sampling. Intake data were collected through interviews using the Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). Hemoglobin levels were examined by a hematology analyzer. Pearson correlation was used to identify the correlation of the variables (P< 0.05) . The mean levels of zinc and folic acid intake and hemoglobin levels were 7.35 mg, 215.56 mcg, and 11.08 g/dL. There was a positive correlation between zinc (p=0,015) and folic acid (p=0.004) with hemoglobin levels in the third trimester of pregnancy.
Kentsel Açık ve Yeşil Alanlarının Niceliksel Analizi ve İrdelenmesi: Uşak Kent Merkezi Örneği
Authors: TÜRKER Hüseyin Berk , GÜL Atila
Published: November 2022

Kentsel yeşil alanlar kentsel yapının en önemli bileşeni olup kent ekosistemine ve kent halkına çok yönlü hizmet ve katkılar sağlayan fiziksel mekânlardır. Kentsel yaşam kalitesinin artırılması ve sürdürülebilirliği açısından kentsel açık ve yeşil alanların, niteliksel ve niceliksel olarak istenilen düzeyde ve standartlarda olması, kentsel planlama ve kentsel tasarım kapsamında bütüncül ilişkilendirilmesi büyük önem taşımaktadır. Bu çalışmada Uşak kent merkezindeki mahalle ölçeğinde yeşil alanların alansal miktarları, dağılımları ve kişi başına düşen yeşil alan miktarının belirlenmesi, analizlerinin gerçekleştirilmesi ve kentsel stratejik eylemlerin oluşturulması amaçlanmıştır. Bu bağlamda Uşak kent merkezindeki 29 mahalle ölçeğinde mevcut açık ve yeşil alanların niceliksel olarak analizleri yapılmış ve irdelenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, Uşak kentinin kişi başına 8,50 m2 aktif yeşil alan ve çocuk başına düşen çocuk oyun alan miktarı ise 3,37 m2 tespit edilmiştir. Kentteki kişi başına düşen yeşil alan miktarı ilgili yasal mevzuatta belirtilen 10 m2 standardının altında olup mahalle ölçeğinde sayısal ve alansal büyüklükleri açısından dengesiz, yetersiz, küçük ve parçalı bir dağılım gösterdiği belirlenmiş ve kentsel yeşil alanların sürdürülebilirliği açısından stratejik eylemler öngörülmüştür.
Soil Contamination and Risk Assessments on Selected Dumpsites within the Basement Complex and Sedimentary Formations of Ogun State, South-western Nigeria
Authors: O. Ojo Akintayo , T. Olurin Oluwaseun , O. Adeleke Oluseyi
Published: November 2022

The concentrations of inorganic elements in soils of Saje, Ita-Oshin, Premier, and Oke-Diya dumpsites were determined using an X-Ray Fluorescence spectrometer to assess the soil quality through chronological changes with depths. A soil core sampler collects 56 samples at 20, 40, 60, and 80 cm depths. Saje showed high mean concentrations of Ca, K, Fe, Rb, and Ti at all depths, while Oke-Diya revealed high mean concentrations of Ca, K, Fe, Rb, Ti, Mn, Zn, V, Cr, and Ni at all depths. These concentrations were in a closed range suggesting a build-up of elements in the soil profiles. Oke-Diya had the highest pollution index, followed by Saje, and the contaminations were from anthropogenic and geologic sources. The mean concentrations of Fe, Zn, Ni, Mn, Ti, K, and Ca were high at all depths in Ita-Oshin, and in Premier, the mean concentrations of K and Fe were high at all depths. Premier had the lowest pollution index. Ita-Oshin and Premier enrichment factors showed geologic sources. Saje and Oke-Diya revealed unacceptable non-carcinogenic risks for adults and children, and Ita-Oshin and Premier recorded acceptable limits. Saje and Oke-Diya samples had high carcinogenic risks for adults due to Cr, Pb, and As. Elements Cr and As in Ita-Oshin, and Pb in Premier evinced unacceptable carcinogenic risks for adults. Saje, Oke-Diya, and Premier indicated unacceptable carcinogenic risks for children due to Cr. The study showed toxins build-up in the soil system, and the study areas are not suitable for growing crops and sinking water wells for agricultural and domestic uses.
PENYELESAIAN POTENSI KONFLIK KEPENTINGAN MASYARAKAT KABUPATEN KOLAKA TIMUR DENGAN TAMAN NASIONAL RAWA AOPA WATUMOHAI PROVINSI SULAWESI TENGGARA
Authors: Syaf Hasbullah , Baco Sudia La , Mursidi Baso , Yasin Asramid
Published: November 2022

The Rawa Aopa Watumohai National Park area (TNRAW) is an administrative area of East Kolaka Regency and is in direct contact with the TNRAW area, so community activities to use TNRAW as business land cannot be stopped. This study aims to analyze potential TNRAW conflicts and provide direction for problem resolution. This study combined the survey method with a participatory approach with the community and TNRAW managers. The results showed several problems encountered in villages included in the TNRAW area, including encroachment and illegal logging, land sale and purchase, land certification, settlements within the area, plantations within the area, rice fields in the area, construction of facilities and infrastructure by the government, recognition of village administration in the area, allocation of village funds and waterlogging and overfishing. Community stakeholder actors have a negative influence or role in the TNRAW area. The role of the Southeast Sulawesi Provincial Public Works Office, Universities, Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs), and the Ministry of Environment and Forestry (KLHK) as stakeholder actors is positive for both the community and TNRAW. Recommendations for problem resolution directives include: 1) increasing community participation through continuous empowerment and assistance so that adverse roles of TNRAW can be minimized, 2) increasing the role of stakeholders to coordinate with TNRAW, especially concerning land legality and community agricultural activities within the TNRAW Area, 3) solving various problems in TNRAW through mutually beneficial mechanisms between the community and TNRAW,   The solutions offered must, of course, be following applicable laws and regulations.
IMPACT OF SOIL SALINIZATION ON NATURAL VEGETATION AND LAND DETERIORATION
Authors: A. Al-Tamimi R.
Published: November 2022

This work was conducted to assess the impact of soil salinization and sodification on natural vegetation and land deterioration in Wadi Al-Shatti, Southern Libya. Fallow soils were very strongly saline with mean ECe of 111.2 and 68.78 dS m-1 in crust and surface layers respectively. The cultivated soils were moderately, strongly and very strongly saline with mean ECe of 14.52 dS m-1. Sodium was the dominant cations, followed by calcium and magnesium. Chloride was the dominant anion. Very low concentrations of bicarbonate and absence of carbonate was recorded. Sodium chloride was prevalent salt in all samples, followed by calcium sulphate in some and magnesium chloride in the others. Sodium and magnesium sulphate were found in some samples, while the presence of calcium and magnesium chloride was confined in fallow soils and crust of very high salinity. Crust and surface layers of fallow soils have high values of ESP with means of 47.78 and 33.85% respectively, whereas low values were noticed in cultivated soils with mean of 18.10%. Field study results showed the disappearance of ordinary natural vegetation and the occurrence of halophyte plants, like; Athel trees (Tamarix aphylla), Spiny rush (Juncus acutus), Cogon grass (Emperica cylinderica), Camel thorn (Alhagi maurorum) and Nitre bush (Nitraria retusa). Degradation indices confirmed that the cultivated soils suffered from slight to moderate deterioration, whereas fallow soils suffer from sever to very sever deterioration.
SOIL ORGANIC CARBON AND PHOSPHORUS STATUS AFTER COMBINED APPLICATION OF PHOSPHATE ROCK AND ORGANIC MATERIALS IN A GYPSIFEROUS SOIL*
Authors: & Al-kafaje Muhawish
Published: November 2022

Gypsiferous soils in Iraq are suffering from low fertility due to low levels of organic matter and limited availability of nutrients especially phosphorus (P). Therefore, two experiments were conducted to study the impact of combination of low cost phosphate rock (PR) and organic materials (OM) on soil organic carbon (SOC) and P status. The first experiment was an incubation experiment which was conducted to determine level of organic carbon (OC) required for the second experiment, this experiment was consisted of two factors the first was level of OC (as sheep manure) applied at nine levels viz: 0.2, 0.25, 0.3, 0.35, 0.4, 0.45, 0.5, 0.55, and 0.60% of soil weight, the second factor was level of PR (0, 20, 40, and 60 mg P kg-1 soil). The second experiment was a greenhouse pot experiment with two factors, the first was P source [Triple Super Phosphate (TSP), PR, PR+ Peat, and PR+ Manure), the second factor was P level (0, 30, 60, and 90 mg P kg-1 soil). Wheat (Triticum aestivum) was grown in the second experiment. Results from incubation experiment showed that increasing OC application increased available P (Avail. P) and Water Soluble P (WSP) as expressed by power and exponential models, respectively. Available P was also increased linearly by increasing P level in soil (incubation experiment). Results of pot experiment revealed that the fourth treatment (PR+manure) was significantly superior over other treatments in increasing root weight, organic P (OP), and Avail. P, while the third treatment (PR+Peat) was significantly superior over other treatments in increasing SOC.
ECONOMIES OF BEEKEEPING IN IRAQ
Authors: H. Al-Badri B.
Published: November 2022

There is no doubt that improving of economic performance of farms by using various factors of production available increases the participation rate of the agricultural sector in the GDP. The challenges those facing activity of beekeeping led to the departure of production units of this activity to achieve optimal productivity, which is employing economic resources used, and the level of economic and technical efficiency of these resources, so analyze the production economies and determine the level of technical efficiency are contribute a lot about the extent of the contribution of economic resources used in production and diagnose bugs and shortcomings down to put processors to ensure achieving the optimal use. The study aimed to analyze the economies of honey production and determine the levels of technical efficiency of beekeeping projects in the province of Baghdad for a random sample consisting of 50 beekeeper from Al-Madaen and Al-Mahmmodia in production year 2015. The analysis included a set of independent (explanatory) variables : the total number of workers, cages of queens, boxes of packages, the amount of the sugar nutrition, cans of treatment and frames, while the dependent variable is the quantity of honey, and using Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA) approach via using the Trans Log function. The results showed that the average of technical efficiency of sample of beekeepers was 85%, and that indicates a waste in the resources about 15% in average. The results also showed that the fixed costs ( especially the family labor) represent the great part of total costs because that their percentage were 57% from total costs, the study found that the sugar of nutrition consisted high percentage of the variable costs and its percentage is 33% from variable costs, besides there are rising in the cost of production. The study showed that most of beekeepers achieved high returns during the production year 2015. The estimation of parameters of function by the Ordinary Least Squares method (OLS) showed that there are a positive relationship among the amount of the honey production and workers, cans of treatment and frames, while it was a negative relationship with number of cells, number of cages of queens, number of boxes of packages and the amount of sugar of nutrition.   The study recommended to reduce the quantity of inputs and the necessity of development of the industry of honey in Iraq through supporting the beekeepers.
USING OF THYMUS VULGARIS EXTRACTS TO CONTROL THE SNAIL VECTOR IN SCHISTOSOMIASIS (Part II)
Authors: &  et al. Al-Obaidi
Published: November 2022

The aim of this study is to determine the toxicity of Thymus Vulgaris aquatic plant extracts comparing with copper sulfates against Bulinus truncatus the vector of urinary Bilharziasis. Samples of the snails were collected from a site in Al-Rasheed district (30 km) southern of Baghdad.  The isolation, identification, and acclimatization made in the laboratory. Many toxic parameters as NOEL (Non-Observed Effect Level), Threshold, EC (Effective Concentration) and LC (Lethal Concentration) levels were determined in this study. The EC50 of T. vulgaris and Copper sulfates to B. truncatus were (8.4, and 0.9g/L) respectively. The LC50 of T. vulgaris and Copper sulfates to B. truncatus were (18.7, and 2.2 g/L) respectively. The study showed that the T. vulgaris extracts were less effective than CuSO4. The results improved that the toxicity of extracts was concentration and time dependent. This work concluded the ability to use the target extracts in control of snails the middle host of the cause of urinary Schistosomiasis.
THE BIO-PRESERVATION OF BUFFALO MEAT MANUFACTURED (PASTRAMA) BY USING LACTOBACILLUS PLANTARUM BACTERIA
Authors: &  Alalaq Alrubeii
Published: November 2022

Bacterial starter Lactobacillus plantarum at concentration of 5% was added to the pastarma which was manufactured by using buffalo meat at ratio of 3 meat: 1fat. The fermentation process was done at 37 Co and relative humidity of 80-85% for 48 hours for each inoculated sample. After this process, spices and garlic were added, the pastrama was stuffed in natural covers. The pastrama was matured at 15-17 Co and relative humidity degree of 75-80% for 3 weeks. This study was carried out for following effect of the bio preservation by using Lactobacillus plantarum in the buffalo meat pastarma the microbial tests of the meat mixture showed that the total count of microorganisms, coliform bacteria, molds and yeasts count, the Staphylococci aureus, and the lactic acid bacteria count were 64×104, 68×102, 41×102, 27×102 and 62×102 CFU/ g respectively. The moisture, protein . fat and ash %, pH, free fatty acids ratio, cholesterol concentration, peroxide value and Thiobarbituric acid value in the buffalo meat were 73.04, 20-98, 2.81and 1.51%, 5.46, 0.09%, 105.22 mg 100gram-1 meat, 0.80 meq O2 kg-1 and 0.28 mg malonaldehyde kg-1 respectively. The total count of bacteria, the psychrophilic bacteria were for each, coliform bacteria count, the Staphylococci aurus count, lactic acid bacteria count and yeasts and molds count of pastrama mixture were recorded 57×104, 65×102, 68×102, 14×102, 56×102 and 37×102 CFU g-1 respectively. The moisture, protein, fat , and ash % were 61.50, 15.11, 20.93 and 1.66% respectively, pH, free fatty acid ratio, cholesterol concentration, non- protein nitrogen, peroxide value and Thiobarbituric acid value were 5.54, 0.12%, 135.60 mg 100g-1 meat, 1.91%, 0.62 meq O2 kg-1 and 0.66 mg malonaldehyde kg-1 respectively.
IN VITRO PRODUCTION OF SOME TERPENOIDS COMPOUNDS FROM Nigella sativa WITH DIFFERENT EXPLANTS TYPE AND PEG CONCENTRATIONS
Authors: Neamah S. I.
Published: November 2022

This experiment was conducted to study the effect of explant and poly ethylene glycol (PEG) on the production  of monoterpeniods compounds in the callus of Nigella sativa. The explant type had a significant effect on callus induction from the hypocotyl giving a significant increase on fresh and dry weight of 282.8 and 25.25 mg. respectively. as well, as the production of the borneol compound at 26.70 µg.100mg-1 dry weight.The callus inducted from the cotyledon has a significant increase of the thujone, α-pinene, camphene and carvacrol compounds at 24.01, 20.58, 13.58 and 23.80 µg.100mg-1 dry weight, respectively. The increasing concentrations of PEG resulted in a significant reduction in fresh and dry weight. Also, the addition of PEG stimulated the production of terpeniods with the PEG concentration of 100g.L-1 producing the highest amount of  borneol and carvacrol at 36.60 and 37.80 µg.100mg-1 dry weight. Meanwhile, 150 g.L-1 PEG treatment produced the highest  amount of thujone, α-pinene, camphene and mycene at 23.29, 21.13, 14.45 and 12.45 µg.100mg-1 dry weight, respectively. The interaction between the two factors was significant, with the callus inducted from cotyledon treated with 100 g.L-1 of PEG, showed the highest production of thujone,  α-pinene and carvacrol at 27.57, 29.33 and 47.20 µg.100mg-1 dry weight. Limonene reached 14.96 µg.100mg-1 dry weight, at 150g.L-1 of PEG treatment in callus inducted from the hypocotyl.
STUDY OF TaSOS4 GENE AND YIELD , CHEMICAL TRAITS IN SOME BREAD WHEAT GENOTYPES UNDER SALINITY CONDITIONS
Authors: & et al. AL-Salihy
Published: November 2022

This experiment was carried out at greenhouse in Centre of Biotechnology Researches/ University of Nahrin using soil clay loam texture, soil was in pots closed to study the effect of different salinity levels on detection TaSOS4 gene and yield traits in some bread wheat genotypes (Triticum aestivum L.).Wheat seeds were planted in Nov. 2016 with ten seeds in each pot. a factorial experiments within Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications was used and Four levels of salinity (4, 8 , 12 and 16 ds.m-1) with four genotypes (G1:Iraq, G2: 2H ,G3: 3H and G4: Hussein). The result showed non-significant differences among genotypes under first salinity levels (4 ds.m-1) in most traits. in second salinity level (8 ds.m-1), G2,G4 gave variation on G1 over 10 in No. grains. Spike-1 , 5-10 in grain 1000weight , over 2% in  percentage of protein and K+/Na+ ratio value over 7. in third salinity level (8 ds.m-1), G2,G4 gave variation on G1 over 25 in No. grains. Spike-1, over 12 in grain 1000weight, over 100% in plant grains yield , 2-3% in percentage of protein , over 5 in K+/Na+ ratio value . in forth salinity level (16 ds.m-1), G2 gave variation on G1 over 25 in No. grains. Spike-1 , over 14 in grain 1000weight, over 100% in plant grains yield, over 3% in percentage of protein , over 5 in K+/Na+ ratio value.  Molecular study showed TaSOS4 gene was found in G2 ,G3 and G4 genotypes but it did not appear in G1 genotype. This indicator refers to differences among genotypes in salinity tolerance and sensitive to salinity in G1 genotype.
EVALUATION OF FEEDING HYDROPONICS BARLEY ON DIGESTIBILITY AND RUMEN FERMENTATIONS IN AWASSI LAMBS
Authors: &  et al. Tawfeeq
Published: November 2022

Fifteen Awassi male lambs were randomly distributed to five groups and fed ad libitum roughages: hydroponics barley and/or green alfalfa with different levels, 0: 100, 25: 75, 50: 50, 75: 25 and 100: 0% as roughage experimental diets T1, T2, T3, T4, T5 to study in-vitro and apparent digestibility, rumen fermentations and total rumen bacteria using completely randomized design. Initial weight of replicates were 21.73 kg ± 4.17 kg and 3-4 months old. Concentrate fed at 3% of live body weight based on dry matter basis. Results showed: No differences for in-vitro digestibility, while there were significant increases (p<0.05) for total digestible nutrients (TDN) 88.24%, apparent digestibility for dry matter (DM) 87.13%, organic matter (OM) 87.94%, crude protein (CP) 95.87%, nitrogen free extract (NFE) 87.88% and metabolisable energy (Me) 88.78% with feeding 100% hydroponic barley (T5). Rumen fermentations: pH, Ammonia and volatile fatty acids didn't differ between treatments in the end of experiment. Total count of rumen bacteria did not differ in the beginning and middle of experiment, while, significant decreased in treatments T4 and T5 2.600 and 1.733 cfu\ ml × 107 in contrast with T1 (control) 4.566 cfu\ ml × 107 because of increasing dilution and flow rate of rumen liquor. In conclusion, there is a possibility using hydroponic fodder technology in arid and semi-arid areas, where green feeds are difficult to provide.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TOTAL LENGTH AND GILL SURFACE AREA IN ORANGE SPOTTED GROUPER, EPINEPHELUS COIOIDES (Hamilton, 1822)
Authors: Mohammed F. A.
Published: November 2022

The present study deals with the estimation of gill surface area for orange spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides) collected from Iraqi marine water, north west Arabian Gulf. In the laboratory, fishes were separated in to five different length groups ranging from 200-325 mm and weight range of 108.8-582.2g. Absolute and relative total gill surface area (GSA) were estimated for 33 fish from different lengths. Statistical analysis of results revealed that there were significant differences (P<0.05) between total length of gill filaments (TFL) in different length groups, while there were no significant differences (P>0.05) between secondary lamellae (Bl) in different length groups. Statistical analysis showed also that there were significant differences (P<0.05) between secondary lamellae numbers (N) in some length groups.Statistical analysis of results showed significant differences (P<0.05) between absolute surface area of most different length groups, and also significant differences (P<0.05) between relative surface area of different length groups except group of 276-300 mm with group of 301-325 mm. Results showed positive relationship between absolute surface area and length groups with significant correlation, and negative relationship between relative surface area and length groups with significant correlation (-0.989).It seemed that the factor L had a direct effect on the values of absolute respiratory area and Fish weight had an inverse effecte on the the relative area of the gills.
Intrusion Detection System in Software-Defined Networks Using Machine Learning and Deep Learning Techniques –A Comprehensive Survey
Authors: Ahmed Md. Rayhan , Islam salekul , Shatabda Swakkhar , Islam A. K. M. Muzahidul , Robin Md. Towhidul Islam
Published: November 2022

At present, the Internet is facing numerous attacks of different kinds that put its data at risk. The safety of information within the network is, therefore, a significant concern. To prevent the loss of incredibly valuable information, the Intrusion Detection System (IDS) was developed to recognize the outbreak of a stream of attacks and notify the network system administrator providing network security. IDS is a predictive model which detect network traffic as routine or deviated. Software-Defined Networks (SDN) is a revolutionary paradigm that isolates the control plane from the data plane, transforming the concept of a software-driven network. Through this data and control plane separation, SDN provides us the opportunity to create a manageable and programmable network, allowing applications in the top plane to access physical devices via the controller. The controller residing in the control plane, executes the network modules, and establishes flow rules to forward packets in the switches residing in the data plane. Often adversaries target the SDN controller to subdue the control plane, which is considered the brain of the SDN, which provides a plethora of functionalities such as regulating flow control to switches or routers in the data plane below via southbound Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) and business and application logic in the application plane above via northbound APIs to implement sophisticated networks. However, the control plane becomes a tempting prospect for security attacks from adversaries because of its centralization feature. This paper includes an in-depth overview of the notable published articles from 2015 to 2021 that used traditional Machine Learning (ML) and Deep Learning (DL) techniques to construct an IDS solution to provide security for SDN. We also present two detailed taxonomic studies regarding IDS, and ML-DL techniques based on their learning categories, exploring various IDS solutions to secure the SDN paradigm. We have also conducted brief research on a few benchmark datasets used to construct IDS in the SDN paradigm. To conclude the survey, we provide a discussion that sheds light on continuous challenges and IDS issues for SDN security.
DNAD: Differentiable Neural Architecture Distillation
Authors: Rao Xuan , Zhao Bo , Liu Derong
Published: November 2022

In order to satisfy the demand for designing efficient neural networks with an appropriate tradeoff between model performance (e.g., classifification accuracy) and computational complexity, the differentiable neural architecture distillation  (DNAD) algorithm is developed based on two cores, namely, search by deleting and search by imitating. On the one hand, to derive neural architectures in a search space where cells of the same type no longer share the same topology, the super-network progressive shrinking (SNPS) algorithm is developed based on the framework of differentiable architecture search (DARTS), i.e., search by deleting. Unlike conventional DARTS-based approaches which produce neural architectures with simple structures and derive only one architecture during the search procedure, the SNPS algorithm is able to derive a Pareto-optimal set of architectures with more complex structures (more powerful representation ability) by forcing the dynamic super-network shrink from a dense structure to a sparse one progressively. On the other hand, since knowledge distillation (KD) has shown great effectiveness to train a compact student network with the help of a powerful over-parameterized teacher network, we combine the KD with SNPS to derive the DNAD algorithm, i.e., search by imitating. By minimizing the behavioral difference between the dynamic super-network and the teacher network, the over-fifitting of one-level DARTS is avoided and well-performed neural architectures are derived. Experiments on CIFAR10 and ImageNet demonstrate that both SNPS and DNAD are able to derive neural architectures in one search procedure with competitive tradeoffs between the model performance and the computational complexity.
Machine Learning Based Classification of Micro-Doppler Radar Responses of Hands and Harmonically-Tagged Held Objects
Authors: Nourshamsi Neda , Maaz Mohammad , Jafari Amirhossein , Nanzer Jeffrey
Published: November 2022

The data related to the classification of micro-Doppler result of human's and held object's motion
Machine Learning Based Classification of Micro-Doppler Radar Responses of Hands and Harmonically-Tagged Held Objects
Authors: Nourshamsi Neda , Jafari Amirhossein , Nanzer Jeffrey
Published: November 2022

The data related to the classification of micro-Doppler result of human's and held object's motion
Blockchain-based Route Selection with Allocation of Radio and Computing Resources for Connected Vehicles
Authors: Gazda Juraj , Maksymyuk Taras , Becvar Zdenek , Liyanage Madhusanka
Published: November 2022

Most of the existing solutions for communication of connected vehicles (CVs) are focused on the optimization of resource allocation, however, not taking the driving routes of the CVs into account. In addition, no existing work considers the offloading of computing tasks from CVs to edge computing servers. In this paper, we introduce joint vehicular route selection and radio and computing resource allocation for CVs. The proposed algorithm minimizes the ratio of failed tasks along the entire vehicular route considering the availability of both radio and computing resources. To manage the allocation of resources among multiple CVs for each vehicular route, we develop a blockchain-based framework allowing resource reservation by means of nonfungible tokens (NFTs). Each NFT represents an exclusive right to the required amount of radio and computing resources for the given road segment and defined time interval. Simulation results show that the proposed vehicular route selec-

tion algorithm reduces the ratio of tasks not completed before deadline by up to 69% compared to the existing state-of-the-art algorithms.
Auto Classification of Blooms Cognitive Domain Using Word Embedding Deep Neural Network Classifier
Authors: G PRAKASH , DHAYANITHI J
Published: November 2022

In this work, CANTERBURY QUESTION SET and  Yahya et al QUESTION SET were used for effective classifications.
Propagation Modeling for Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface-Enabled Links Based on an Effective Complex Radar Cross-Section
Authors: Liu Yuanzhi , Sarris Costas
Published: November 2022

Most existing path loss models for radio links enabled by reconfigurable intelligence surfaces (RISs) have been derived by assuming that each unit cell of these surfaces scatters incident waves individually. However, unit cells are mutually coupled and scatter collectively, as expressed by the complex radar cross-section (CRCS) of the surface. The CRCS can be computed by full-wave analysis, but this analysis has to be repeated for each of the many states of the RIS, requiring excessive resources. We present an approximate method to efficiently compute the CRCS of an RIS at any state, without repeated full-wave simulations. Our method accounts for the mutual coupling of unit cells and allows us to estimate the scattered fields in the main scattering direction of the RIS,  at an accuracy that is comparable to full-wave analysis. Integrating this method with ray-tracing enables the modeling of wireless propagation in realistic, RIS-enabled communication channels over multiple RIS states. 
Improving Effectiveness of Seamless Redundancy in Real Industrial Wi-Fi Networks
Authors: Cena Gianluca , Scanzio Stefano , Valenzano Adriano
Published: November 2022

Reliability and determinism of Wi-Fi can be tangibly improved by means of seamless redundancy, to the point of making this technology suitable for industrial environments. As pointed out in recent papers, the most benefits can be achieved when no phenomena can simultaneously affect transmissions on all channels of a redundant link. In this paper, several aspects are analyzed which, if not properly counteracted, may worsen seamless redundancy effectiveness. Effects they cause on communication have been experimentally evaluated in real testbeds, which rely on commercial Wi-Fi devices. Then, practical guidelines are provided, which aim at preventing joint interference through a careful system design. Results show that measured communication quality can be made as good as expected in theory.
A Quantum Machine Learning driven Reliable Resource Allocation Model for Sustainable Cloud Data Center
Authors: Rekha Smruti , Saxena Deepika , Singh Ashutosh Kumar , Lee Chung Nan
Published: November 2022

The exponential growth of cloud computing within the last decade has led
to a severe consideration about the power requirement of the cloud data
center. However, variations in the computing resource demands and fixed
size of virtual machines (VMs) lead to a poor resource utilization, load
imbalance, and excessive energy consumption within the data center.
Dynamic VM consolidation effectively handles these problems, where VMs
are placed on as few physical machines (PMs) as possible. Concurrently,
VM allocation must be done strategically by considering various factors
of the computing resources for minimal exploitation of them. The high
frequency of VM consolidation may lead to the degradation of the
system’s reliability by assigning VMs to unreliable PMs. A novel Quantum
Machine learning driven Reliable Resource Allocation (QM-RRA) model is
proposed to address these problems and enhance the data center’s
reliability. We handle the problem by applying an Evolutionary Quantum
C-Not Neural Network (QCNN) unit to forecast future resource usage at
the cloud data center. In addition, Quantum Evolutionary Adaptive
Algorithm (QEAA) is utilized to optimize qubit network weights. It
offers energy saving by minimizing the number of active PMs, maximizing
resource utilization, and enhancing the reliability of the overall data
center. The QM-RRA model is evaluated by performing experiments on the
Google Cluster Data set (GCD). The observed results are compared with
the state-of-art methods and shows its supremacy in terms of different
performance parameters like resource utilization, power consumption, and
the number of active PMs. There is a significant reduction in power
consumption and the number of active PMs up to 31.38%  and 44.93%,
respectively. The enhancement in resource utilization is up to 25.61%,
and overall system reliability is 63.35%.
Democracy under the kothornos: Thucydides and Xenophon on Theramenes
Authors: Sano Lucia , Battistin Sebastiani Breno
Published: November 2022

We analyze the political actions of Theramenes as described by Thucydides (during the coup of 411 BCE) and Xenophon (under the Thirty, 404-403 BCE) to map the features that converged to make him a paradigmatic character in the ancient Greek political imaginary. Xenophon, at least, may have been an eyewitness to the facts reported and both historians have conditioned Theramenes’ portrayal by later authors. We highlight the traits of Theramenes that fostered his identification as either the quintessence of the turncoat or as a role-model for moderate politics. Our goal is also to discuss the implications of his political stances for the configuration of Athenian democracy in the last quarter of the 5th century and how this may still help us consider our own democratic system and its flaws.
Global health competencies in postgraduate medical education: a scoping review and mapping to the CanMEDS physician competency framework
Authors: Pritchard Jodie , Alavian Sara , Soogoor Anantha , Bartels Susan , Hall Andrew
Published: November 2022

Background: Global Health opportunities are popular, with many reported benefits. There is a need however, to identify and situate Global Health competencies within postgraduate medical education. We sought to identify and map Global Health competencies to the current CanMEDS physician competency framework to assess the degree of equivalency and uniqueness between them.

Methods: JBI scoping review methodology was utilized to identify relevant papers searching MEDLINE, Embase, and Web of Science. Studies were reviewed independently by two of three researchers according to pre-determined eligibility criteria. Included studies identified competencies in Global Health training at the postgraduate medicine level, which were then mapped to the CanMEDS framework.

Results: A total of 19 articles met criteria for inclusion (17 from literature search and 2 from manual reference review). We identified 36 Global Health competencies; the majority (23) aligned with CanMEDS competencies within the framework. Ten were mapped to CanMEDS roles but lacked specific key or enabling competencies, while three did not fit within the specific CanMEDS roles.

Conclusions: We mapped the identified Global Health competencies, finding broad coverage of required CanMEDS competencies. We identified additional competencies for CanMEDS committee consideration and discuss the benefits of their inclusion in future physician competency frameworks.