bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Climate Response to Multiple Volcanic Eruptions Mediated by Ocean Heat Uptake: Damping Processes and Accumulation Potential
Authors: Gupta Mukund , Marshall John
Published: August 2018

A hierarchy of models is used to explore the role of the ocean in mediating the response of the climate to a single volcanic eruption and to a series of eruptions by drawing cold temperature anomalies into its interior, as measured by the ocean heat exchange parameter q (W m−2 K−1). The response to a single (Pinatubo-like) eruption comprises two primary time scales: one fast (year) and one slow (decadal). Over the fast time scale, the ocean sequesters cooling anomalies induced by the eruption into its depth, enhancing the damping rate of sea surface temperature (SST) relative to that which would be expected if the atmosphere acted alone. This compromises the ability to constrain atmospheric feedback rates measured by λ (~1 W m−2 K−1) from study of the relaxation of SST back toward equilibrium, but yields information about the transient climate sensitivity proportional to λ + q. Our study suggests that q can significantly exceed λ in the immediate aftermath of an eruption. Shielded from damping to the atmosphere, the effect of the volcanic eruption persists on longer decadal time scales. We contrast the response to an “impulse” from that of a “step” in which the forcing is kept constant in time. Finally, we assess the “accumulation potential” of a succession of volcanic eruptions over time, a process that may in part explain the prolongation of cold surface temperatures experienced during, for example, the Little Ice Age.
Improved Estimation of Pollutant Emission Rate in an Ocean Pollutant Diffusion Model by the Application of Spline Interpolation with the Adjoint Method
Authors: Zong Xiaolong , Pan Haidong , Liu Yongzhi , Lv Xianqing
Published: August 2018

The spline interpolation method is applied to the inversion of the time-varying pollutant emission rate based on an ocean pollutant diffusion model with the adjoint method. A series of numerical experiments are performed to compare the spline interpolation with the Cressman interpolation. Experimental results show that the spline interpolation improves the inversion results in terms of the smoothness and accuracy. Furthermore, it is the advantages of spline interpolation—better resistance to the impact of errors and demand for fewer observations—that give rise to a better performance in practice.
Convergence Issues in the Estimation of Interchannel Correlated Observation Errors in Infrared Radiance Data
Authors: Gauthier Pierre , Du Ping , Heilliette Sylvain , Garand Louis
Published: August 2018

A posteriori consistency diagnostics have been used in recent years to estimate correlated observation error. These diagnostics provide an estimate of what the observation error covariances should be and could, in turn, be introduced in the assimilation to improve the statistical consistency between the error statistics used in the assimilation and those obtained from observation departures with respect to the background and the analysis. To estimate the observation error covariances, it is often assumed that the background error statistics are optimal, an assumption that is open to criticism. The consequence is that if the background error covariances are in error, then the estimated observation error statistics will adjust accordingly to fit the innovation error covariances. In this paper, the RTTOV radiative transfer model is used as the observation operator. Using controlled experiments, the background error is considered fixed, and it is shown that the iterative procedure to estimate the observation error may require more than one iteration. It is also shown that the underlying matrix equation being solved can be factorized, and the exact solution can be obtained. If the true background error covariances are used in the assimilation, the estimated observation error covariances are then obtained by subtracting the background error covariances from those of the innovations. This can be applied to the full set of assimilated observations. Using the Environment Canada assimilation system, the results for several types of observations indicate that the background error estimation would deserve additional attention.
Assimilating All-Sky Infrared Radiances from GOES-16 ABI Using an Ensemble Kalman Filter for Convection-Allowing Severe Thunderstorms Prediction
Authors: Zhang Yunji , Zhang Fuqing , Stensrud David J.
Published: August 2018

This article presents the first practice of assimilating real-world all-sky GOES-16 ABI infrared brightness temperature (BT) observations using an ensemble-based data assimilation system coupled with the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model at a convection-allowing (1 km) horizontal resolution, focusing on the tornadic thunderstorm event across Wyoming and Nebraska on 12 June 2017. It is found that spurious clouds created before observed convection initiation are rapidly removed, and the analysis and forecasts of thunderstorms are significantly improved, when all-sky BT observations are assimilated with the adaptive observation error inflation (AOEI) and adaptive background error inflation (ABEI) techniques. Better forecasts of the timing and location of convection initiation can be achieved after only 30 min of assimilating BT observations; both deterministic and probabilistic WRF forecasts of midlevel mesocyclones and low-level vortices, started from the final analysis with 100 min of BT assimilation, closely coincide with the tornado reports. These improvements result not only from the effective suppression of spurious clouds, but also from the better estimations of hydrometeors owing to the frequent assimilation of all-sky BT observations that yield a more accurate analysis of the storm. Results show that BT observations generally have a greater impact on ice particles than liquid water species, which might provide guidance on how to better constrain modeled clouds using these spaceborne observations.
“Why Do You Think They Call It Dope?”: Richard Nixon’s National Mass Media Campaign Against Drug Abuse
Authors: Siff Stephen
Published: August 2018

This monograph explores how corporate, political, and public health concerns shaped the Nixon administration’s public service advertising campaign against drug abuse. Between 1970 and 1973, the Nixon administration worked with the nonprofit Advertising Council to orchestrate a national, “one-voice” mass media campaign to change Americans’ attitudes toward the use of drugs. Papers preserved in the archives of the Advertising Council and by Nixon administration officials expose behind-the-scenes conflicts over the government’s drug-abuse message among the White House, federal agency staff, and private partners in the campaign, including drug companies and the advertising and broadcasting industries. Controversies included whether to include alcohol, marijuana, legally marketed prescription drugs such as amphetamines, and dangerous retail drugs such as headache medicines and caffeine, and whether the campaign should promote safe drug use or only discourage “abuse.” Archival records reveal the president’s power to set the government’s message, despite bureaucratic and expert resistance. However, government control over the propaganda campaign was limited by reliance on the Ad Council and the voluntary participation of networks and broadcasters to distribute public service announcements (PSAs). Through the Ad Council’s process of reviewing and obtaining broadcast network clearances for individual PSAs, advertisements that disparaged alcohol and other legally advertised products were weeded from the national campaign. Ultimately, the White House’s vision of a mass media offensive against drug abuse in all its forms was implemented primarily as a campaign against the use of illegal drugs, particularly by youth. Although successful with broadcasters, the campaign was terminated in 1973 amid concerns it was actually stimulating illegal drug use.
Dear BJPsych Bulletin…
Authors: Poole Norman
Published: August 2018

The editor thanks the outgoing Correspondence Editor Greg Shields and welcomes Dr William Badenhorst as his successor. He reflects upon his own inadequacy as a letter writer in the hope it encourages others to be better.

Declaration of interest

None.
ASCO Resource-Stratified Guidelines: Methods and Opportunities
Authors: Al-Sukhun Sana , Temin Sarah , Chavez-MacGregor Mariana , Denduluri Neelima , Oliver Thomas K. , Pyle Doug , Shah Manish A. , Gralow Julie
Published: August 2018

The objectives of this article are to describe the ASCO Resource-Stratified Guidelines and to provide background within the context of ASCO Guidelines and efforts to address the global cancer burden.
TBC1D5 controls the GTPase cycle of Rab7b
Authors: Borg Distefano Marita , Hofstad Haugen Linda , Wang Yan , Perdreau-Dahl Harmonie , Kjos Ingrid , Jia Da , Morth Jens Preben , Neefjes Jacques , Bakke Oddmund , Progida Cinzia
Published: August 2018

Rab GTPases are key regulators of intracellular trafficking, and cycle between a GTP-bound active state and a GDP-bound inactive state. This cycle is regulated by guanine-nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) and GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs). Several efforts have been made in connecting the correct GEFs and GAPs to their specific Rab. Here, we aimed to identify GAPs for Rab7b, the small GTPase involved in transport from late endosomes to the trans-Golgi. An siRNA screen targeting proteins containing TBC domains critical for Rab GAPs was performed and coupled to a phenotypic read-out that visualized the distribution of Rab7b. Silencing of TBC1D5 provided the strongest phenotype and this protein was subsequently validated in various in vitro and cell-based assays. TBC1D5 localizes to Rab7b-positive vesicles, interacts with Rab7b and has GAP activity towards Rab7b in vitro, which is further increased by retromer proteins. Similarly to the constitutively active mutant of Rab7b, inactivation of TBC1D5 also reduces the number of CI-MPR- and sortilin-positive vesicles. Together, the results show that TBC1D5 is a GAP for Rab7b in the control of endosomal transport to the trans-Golgi.

This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Nuclear exclusion of SMAD2/3 in granulosa cells is associated with primordial follicle activation in the mouse ovary
Authors: Hardy Kate , Mora Jocelyn M. , Dunlop Carina , Carzaniga Raffaella , Franks Stephen , Fenwick Mark A.
Published: August 2018

Maintenance and activation of the limited supply of primordial follicles in the ovary are important determinants of reproductive lifespan. Currently, the molecular programme that maintains the primordial phenotype and the early events associated with follicle activation are not well defined. Here, we have systematically analysed these events using microscopy and detailed image analysis. Using the immature mouse ovary as a model, we demonstrate that the onset of granulosa cell (GC) proliferation results in increased packing density on the oocyte surface and consequent GC cuboidalization. These events precede oocyte growth and nuclear translocation of FOXO3a, a transcription factor important in follicle activation. Immunolabelling of the TGFβ signalling mediators and transcription factors SMAD2/3 revealed a striking expression pattern specific to GCs of small follicles. SMAD2/3 were expressed in the nuclei of primordial GCs but were mostly excluded in early growing follicles. In activated follicles, GC nuclei lacking SMAD2/3 generally expressed Ki67. These findings suggest that the first phenotypic changes during follicle activation are observed in GCs, and that TGFβ signalling is fundamental for regulating GC arrest and the onset of proliferation.
Do squids breathe through their skin?
Authors: Birk Matthew A. , Dymowska Agnieszka K. , Seibel Brad A.
Published: August 2018

Squids are thought to obtain a large portion of their oxygen via simple diffusion across the skin in addition to uptake at the gills. Although this hypothesis has support from indirect evidence and is widely accepted, no empirical examinations have been conducted to assess the validity of this hypothesis. In this study, we examined cutaneous respiration in two squid species, Doryteuthis pealeii and Lolliguncula brevis, by using a divided chamber to physically separate the mantle cavity and gills from the outer mantle surface. We measured oxygen consumption and ammonia excretion rates in the two compartments and found that, at rest, squids only obtain enough oxygen cutaneously to meet demand of the skin tissue locally (12% of total) and excrete little ammonia across the skin. The majority of oxygen is obtained via the traditional branchial pathway. In light of these findings, we re-examine and discuss the indirect evidence that has supported the cutaneous respiration hypothesis.
Molecular mechanism of substrate recognition and specificity of tRNAHis guanylyltransferase during nucleotide addition in the 3′–5′ direction
Authors: Nakamura Akiyoshi , Wang Daole , Komatsu Yasuo
Published: August 2018

The tRNAHis guanylyltransferase (Thg1) transfers a guanosine triphosphate (GTP) in the 3′–5′ direction onto the 5′-terminal of tRNAHis, opposite adenosine at position 73 (A73). The guanosine at the −1 position (G−1) serves as an identity element for histidyl-tRNA synthetase. To investigate the mechanism of recognition for the insertion of GTP opposite A73, first we constructed a two-stranded tRNAHis molecule composed of a primer and a template strand through division at the D-loop. Next, we evaluated the structural requirements of the incoming GTP from the incorporation efficiencies of GTP analogs into the two-piece tRNAHis. Nitrogen at position 7 and the 6-keto oxygen of the guanine base were important for G−1 addition; however, interestingly, the 2-amino group was found not to be essential from the highest incorporation efficiency of inosine triphosphate. Furthermore, substitution of the conserved A73 in tRNAHis revealed that the G−1 addition reaction was more efficient onto the template containing the opposite A73 than onto the template with cytidine (C73) or other bases forming canonical Watson–Crick base-pairing. Some interaction might occur between incoming GTP and A73, which plays a role in the prevention of continuous templated 3′–5′ polymerization. This study provides important insights into the mechanism of accurate tRNAHis maturation.
Establishment of a method for Lutzomyia longipalpis sand fly egg microinjection: The first step towards potential novel control strategies for leishmaniasis
Authors: Jeffries Claire L. , Rogers Matthew E. , Walker Thomas
Published: August 2018

Leishmaniases is a group of vector-borne parasitic diseases transmitted by sand flies that affects 1.3 million people across 98 countries, with limited control strategies due to the lack of an available vaccine and the emergence of insecticide resistance.  Novel control strategies that are being explored for mosquito-borne diseases, such as Wolbachia bacterial inhibition of pathogens and genetically modified insects (e.g. using CRISPR-Cas9 editing), rely on the ability to consistently inject eggs of the target species.  Here we present a novel method to obtain and inject preblastoderm sand fly eggs of the genus Lutzomyia (Lu.) longipalpis, the principle vector of zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis in South America. The procedures required to obtain sufficiently young Lu. longipalpis colony eggs are described alongside a microinjection technique that permits rapid injection and minimal handling of small sand fly eggs post-injection. Using a strain of Wolbachia as a ‘marker’ for successful injection, our protocol produced early generation Wolbachia transinfected Lu. longipalpis lines, demonstrating its potential as the first step for use in novel applied strategies for sand fly control.
Detecting proliferation of adult hemocytes in Drosophila by BrdU incorporation and PH3 expression in response to bacterial infection
Authors: Ghosh Saikat , Mandal Sudip , Mandal Lolitika
Published: August 2018

Drosophila and mammalian hematopoiesis share several similarities that range from primitive and definitive phases of hematopoiesis  to the battery of transcription factors and signaling molecules that execute this process. The similarities in blood cell development across these divergent taxa along with the rich genetic tools available in fruitfly makes it a popular invertebrate model to study blood cell development both during normal and aberrant scenarios.

The larval system is the most extensively studied till date. Several studies have shown that these hemocytes just like mammalian counterpart proliferate and get routinely regenerated upon infection. However, employing the same protocol it was concluded that blood cell proliferation although abundant in larval stages is absent in adult fruitfly.

The current protocol describes the strategies that can be employed to document the hemocyte proliferation in adulthood. The fact that a subset of blood cells tucked away in the hematopoietic hub are not locked in senescence, rather they still harbour the proliferative capacity to tide over challenges was successfully demonstrated by this protocol.  Although we have adopted bacterial infection as a bait to evoke this proliferative capacity of the hemocytes, we envision that it can also efficiently characterize the proliferative responses of hemocytes in cancerous conditions like leukemia and solid tumors as well as scenarios of environmental and metabolic stresses during adulthood.
Effect of tranexamic acid on coagulation and fibrinolysis in women with postpartum haemorrhage (WOMAN-ETAC): a single-centre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Shakur-Still Haleema , Roberts Ian , Fawole Bukola , Kuti Modupe , Olayemi Oladapo O. , Bello Adenike , Huque Sumaya , Ogunbode Olayinka , Kotila Taiwo , Aimakhu Chris , Okunade Olujide A. , Olutogun Tolulase , Adetayo Cecilia O. , Dallaku Kastriot , Mansmann Ulrich , Hunt Beverley J. , Pepple Tracey , Balogun Eni
Published: August 2018

Background:Postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) is a leading cause of maternal death. The WOMAN trial showed that tranexamic acid (TXA) reduces death due to bleeding in women with PPH. We evaluated the effect of TXA on fibrinolysis and coagulation in a sample of WOMAN trial participants.

Methods:Adult women with a clinical diagnosis of PPH were randomised to receive 1 g TXA or matching placebo in the WOMAN trial. Participants in the WOMAN trial at University College Hospital (Ibadan, Nigeria) also had venous blood taken just before administration of the first dose of trial treatment and again 30 (±15) min after the first dose (the ETAC study).  We aimed to determine the effects of TXA on fibrinolysis (D-dimer and rotational thromboelastometry maximum clot lysis (ML)) and coagulation (international normalized ratio and clot amplitude at 5 min). We compared outcomes in women receiving TXA and placebo using linear regression, adjusting for baseline measurements.

Results:Women (n=167) were randomised to receive TXA (n=83) or matching placebo (n=84). Due to missing data, seven women were excluded from analysis. The mean (SD) D-dimer concentration was 7.1 (7.0) mg/l in TXA-treated women and 9.6 (8.6) mg/l in placebo-treated women (p=0.09). After adjusting for baseline, the D-dimer concentration was 2.16 mg/l lower in TXA-treated women (-2.16, 95% CI -4.31 to 0.00, p=0.05). There was no significant difference in ML between TXA- and placebo-treated women (12.3% (18.4) and 10.7% (12.6), respectively; p=0.52) and no significant difference after adjusting for baseline ML (1.02, 95% CI -3.72 to 5.77, p=0.67).  There were no significant effects of TXA on any other parameters.

Conclusion:TXA treatment was associated with reduced D-dimer levels but had no apparent effects on thromboelastometry parameters or coagulation tests.

Registration:ISRCTN76912190(initially registered 10/12/2008, WOMAN-ETAC included on 22/03/2012) andNCT00872469(initially registered 31/03/2009, WOMAN-ETAC included on 22/03/2012).
ЭЛЛИПСИС КАК ОДИН ИЗ СПОСОБОВ РЕАЛИЗАЦИИ ЭКСПРЕССИВНОГО СИНТАКСИСА В СОВРЕМЕННЫХ ПУБЛИЦИСТИЧЕСКИХ ИНТЕРВЬЮ
Authors: Chaiko Natalja Nikolaevna
Published: August 2018

Статья посвящена анализу эллиптических конструкций, традиционно причисляемых к эмоционально-экспрессивным. Предметом анализа выступают современные немецкие публицистические тексты интервью. Принято считать, что эллипсис, с одной стороны, присущ разговорной речи, с другой стороны, он широко используется в ораторской речи и художественной литературе. Выбор текста жанра интервью в качестве материала исследования позволяет по-новому проанализировать эту стилистическую фигуру. Автор ставит целью определить эмоциональный и экспрессивный потенциал эллиптических конструкций среди различных средств синтаксической экспрессии. Изучение фактического материала осуществлялось описательным методом лингвостилистического анализа.Проведенный анализ показал, что наблюдается частотное употребление разных типов эллиптических предложений. Эллиптическая компрессия в заголовках и предзаголовках интригуют читателя, заставляя его продолжить чтение, а также придает выразительность всей публикации. Эллипсис распространен и в самом тексте интервью, способствует созданию живого диалога с читателем, придает лаконичность и особое ритмическое оформление высказыванию. Результаты исследования могут быть использованы в теоретических курсах по стилистике немецкого языка, а также в спецкурсах по дискурсу современной немецкой прессы.
ПРОБЛЕМА ГЕНДЕРА ВО ФРАНЦУЗСКОМ ЯЗЫКЕ: ЛЕКСИЧЕСКИЙ И ГРАММАТИЧЕСКИЙ УРОВНИ
Authors: Cherkesova Zareta Valerievna
Published: August 2018

Цель. Статья посвящена исследованию гендерных признаков единиц лексического и грамматического уровней французского языка, изучению особенностей содержания и композиции концепта «женщина» в разных возрастных и гендерных группах носителей исследуемого языка. Во французском языке существует два рода – мужской и женский, при этом доминирующим является мужской род.Методы проведения работы – экспериментальный и описательный методы.Результаты. Анализ реализации лексических и грамматических единиц как гендерных маркеров, используемых языковой личностью во французском языковом сознании, показал, что категория рода во французском языке – явление детерминирующее, динамичное, способствующее возникновению гендерных асимметрий в языке.Область применения результатов. Полученные результаты могут быть использованы в проведении лингвоконцептуальных анализов по материалам других языков.
МОДАЛЬНЫЙ ПРИЗНАК ФОРМ ИЗЪЯВИТЕЛЬНОГО НАКЛОНЕНИЯ В НЕМЕЦКОМ И ТАТАРСКОМ ЯЗЫКАХ
Authors: Gilfanova Faridа Harisovna , Gilfanov Ravil Tagirovich
Published: August 2018

Цель исследования – выявление модального признака форм изъявительного наклонения в разноструктурных языках на примере немецкого и татарского языков и установление того, насколько схожи и различны эти признаки для наиболее четкого толкования данной категории как грамматического явления. Для этого была проведена систематизация лексико-грамматических средств выражения модальных значений в немецком и татарском языках, а также их комплексный сопоставительный анализ. Актуальность исследования заключается в том, что категория модальности недостаточно исследована в теоретическом плане в обоих языках, не до конца выявлен семантический потенциал косвенных наклонений, не в полной мере изучено взаимодействие наклонений с другими средствами выражения модальности, не установлены иерархические связи между ними. В исследовании применяется метод типологического анализа как структуры, так и семантики модальных средств генетически и типологически неродственных языков, описательный метод языкового материала, базирующийся на изучении и обобщении основных достижений современной лингвистики. В результате исследования установлено, что основным модальным признаком изъявительного наклонения является выражение реального действия, но в плане межпарадигматических оппозиций по общему признаку реальности и нереальности действия данное наклонение соотносится с системой косвенных наклонений по принципу «часть - целое». В рассматриваемых языках выявляются существенные различия в системе грамматических средств выражения модальных значений, в количестве наклонений в немецком и татарском языках. Также предпринимается попытка установления иерархических связей между ними. Как в татарском, так и в немецком языкознании считается, что косвенные наклонения являются особыми временами или формами будущего времени изъявительного наклонения.
ИСТОРИЯ ИЗУЧЕНИЯ РЕЧИ ЧЕРКЕССКОЙ (АДЫГСКОЙ) ДИАСПОРЫ ЗА РУБЕЖОМ: ИТОГИ И ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ
Authors: Abazova Marita Mukhamedovna
Published: August 2018

Статья посвящена истории изучения речи черкесской (адыгской) диаспоры за рубежом. В ней подведены итоги и намечены перспективы исследования данной темы. В качестве источниковой базы выбраны труды, в которых изучались те или иные аспекты речи черкесов, проживающих вне исторической родины. Отмечается, что такое исследование дает возможность выявить особенности трансформации речи черкесской диаспоры под влиянием языка и культуры иноязычного населения. В зависимости от гражданства авторов анализируемых работ, предложена дифференциация всего корпуса источников на труды зарубежных (Ж. Дюмезиль, К. Пари, Дж. Калоруссо, М. Хелиг и др.) и отечественных (М.А. Кумахов, Р.Х. Темирова, Г.К. Чемсо, Х.Т. Таов, Б.Ч. Бижоев, М.М. Абазова и др.) ученых. Учитывается, что зарубежные исследователи, в отличие от отечественных, не являлись носителями изучаемых языков. Специфика научных работ определяется в зависимости от исторических условий их появления.Целью исследования является подведение итогов комплексного научного изучения речи черкесской (адыгской) диаспоры в Турции и определение перспектив дальнейшего исследования данного вопроса.Метод и методология проведения работы. В ходе исследования были использованы сравнительный, логический, хронологический, прогностический и системный методы.Результаты. Анализ трудов ученых-лингвистов показывает, что в речи черкесской диаспоры, проживающей за рубежом, сохранились архаизмы, встречаются неологизмы и заимствования, появившиеся под влиянием языкового окружения и в результате длительного отсутствия контактов с носителями адыгских языков на исторической родине. Отмечается, что несмотря на существенное количество трудов по изучению истории, культуры, фольклора черкесов за рубежом, многие вопросы, касающиеся их речи, до сих пор остаются неисследованными. В их числе: речь диаспоры как маркер этнической идентичности, ее динамика и механизмы сохранения, особенности морфологии, синтаксиса, лексики и т.п.Область применения результатов. Результаты данного исследования могут быть использованы в образовательном процессе и научно-исследовательской деятельности, касающейся вопросов изучения речи различных диаспор.
ЧАСТОТА ВСТРЕЧАЕМОСТИ, СТРУКТУРА АРТЕРИАЛЬНОЙ ГИПЕРТОНИИ И КОМПЛАЕНТНОСТЬ СРЕДИ ВРАЧЕЙ КРУПНОЙ КЛИНИЧЕСКОЙ БОЛЬНИЦЫ ГОРОДА КРАСНОЯРСКА
Authors: Derevyannich Evgeny Valeryevich , Balashova Natalia Arlenovna , Yaskevich Roman Anatolyevich , Moskalenko Olga Leonidovna
Published: August 2018

Цель. Изучение частоты встречаемости, структуры артериальной гипертонии (АГ) и комплаентности среди врачей крупной клинической больницы г. Красноярска.Материалы и методы. Обследовано 317 врачей в возрасте от 23 до 77 лет. Обследование включало анкетирование, клинические, инструментальные, функциональные и лабораторные методы исследования, изучение приверженности к лечению АГ.Результаты. По данным проведенного исследования частота встречаемости АГ среди обследованных врачей составила 43,2% и не превышала среднероссийский уровень. Данный показатель был существенно выше среди мужчин врачей, в сравнении с женщинами. Указанное гендерное отличие особенно выражено в возрастной группе 20–29 лет и 30–39 лет. Среди анестезиологов, реаниматологов и врачей лучевой диагностики АГ встречалась чаще по сравнению с врачами других специальностей. У врачей не зависимо от пола чаще отмечалась АГ 1 степени. Несмотря на достаточно высокую информированность о методах профилактики и лечения сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний, показатели приверженности к лечению АГ были ниже среднероссийского уровня. Врачи хирургических отделений имели самые низкие показатели осведомленности и комплаентности, в сравнении с врачами других специальностей.Заключение. Результаты проведенного исследования позволяют сделать выводы о высокой распространенности АГ среди врачей.
ОРТОПЕДИЧЕСКОЕ ЛЕЧЕНИЕ БОЛЬНЫХ С ЭНДОДОНТО-ПАРОДОНТАЛЬНЫМ СИНДРОМОМ
Authors: Moroz Pavel Vladislavovich , Prokhodnaya Viktoriya Aleksandrovna , Birkina Yulia Alekseevn , Chistyakova Sofia Vladimirovna
Published: August 2018

В исследовании у 112 больных с эндопародонтальным синдромом в зависимости от наличия ортопедической реабилитации (избирательное пришлифовывание и временное шинирование зубов) изучена клиническая эффективность лечения. Прирост зубодесневого прикрепления в течение 18 месяцев наблюдения был более выражен при включении в комплекс лечения временного шинирования зубов. У больных с эндопародонтальным синдромом со средней тяжестью поражения пародонта при наличии временного шинирования зубов коэффициент эффективности лечения был на 60% выше, а при тяжелом поражении пародонта – на 35% выше. По результатам суммарной оценки динамики подвижности зубов, глубины пародонтальных карманов, величины зубодесневого прикрепления, деструкции альвеолярной кости, реактивности микрососудов и уровня микроциркуляторного обеспечения тканей пародонта сформировано обоснование для рекомендации временного шинирования зубов с целью повышения эффективности лечения больных с эндопародонтальным синдромом.
АНЕМИЯ, КАК НАРУШЕНИЕ ТЕЧЕНИЯ БЕРЕМЕННОСТИ, РОДОВОГО И ПОСЛЕРОДОВОГО ПЕРИОДОВ ЖЕНЩИН МУРМАНСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ
Authors: Kryshtop Viktoriya Anatolyevna , Ivanova Irina Valer’yevna
Published: August 2018

Цель: выявить роль анемии, как фактора нарушения течения беременности, родов и послеродового периодов женщин, проживающих в условиях Крайнего Севера.Задачи: выявить частоту встречаемости анемии, как сопровождение беременности, и анемии, как нарушения родового и послеродового периодов, у женщин, проживающих в условиях Крайнего Севера.Материалы и методы: Исследование проводилось на базе ГОБУЗ «Мурманский областной перинатальный центр». Материалами для исследования явились статистические отчеты«Сведения о медицинской помощи беременным роженицам и родильницам» формы № 32 за период 2013–2016 года, в частности такие разделы, как «Контингенты беременных, проживающих в районе обслуживания учреждения» и «Родовспоможение».Для проведения исследования был использован метод статистического анализа данных. Был рассчитан процент женщин, у которых анемия наблюдалась как сопровождение беременности, и процент рожениц и родильниц, у которых родовой и послеродовой периоды были нарушены анемией. Так же для подтверждения достоверности полученных результатов был рассчитан хи-квадрат.Результаты: В исследовании рассматривается отдельно анемия, как сопровождение беременности, и анемия, как нарушение родового и послеродового периодов женщин Мурманской области.Средний процент женщин Мурманской области в период с 2013 года по 2016 год, беременность которых сопровождалась анемией, составил 42%, что на 10% ниже средних значений по литературным источникам. Таким образом, в 2013 году такое патологическое состояние было зарегистрировано у 27% беременных,в 2014 году – у 34%, к 2015 году их количество составило 45%, в 2016 году – 62%.Частота встречаемости анемии в период с 2013 по 2016 года, как осложнения родового и послеродового периодов, составляет 9%, что превышает средние значения на 5%. В 2013, 2015 и 2016 годах количество рожениц и родильниц Мурманской области, родовой и послеродовой периоды которых были нарушены анемией, составляло 10%. В 2014 году их количество было ниже, что составило 7% от всех рожениц и родильниц.Заключение: Частота встречаемости анемии, как сопровождения беременности женщин Мурманской области, меньше средних показателей, выявленных в других областях России, а частота встречаемости анемии, как нарушения родов и послеродового периода, превышает средние значения.
Revisitando a aproximação do Serviço Social brasileiro à tradição marxista (1960-1982) | Revisiting the approximation to the Marxist tradition of Brazilian social work (1960-1982)
Authors: Dutra Silmai Lazaro Neves
Published: August 2018

O presente artigo investiga a aproximação do Serviço Social brasileiro à tradição marxista no período compreendido entre 1960 e 1982. Desse modo, ao buscarmos compreender o movimento da profissão no seio do próprio movimento histórico, identificamos os principais momentos da referida aproximação. A investigação sugere que a interlocução entre o Serviço Social e a tradição marxista avança no tempo efetivando saltos qualitativos, donde a produção de Marilda Villela Iamamoto demarca um importante momento de inflexão para a categoria dos assistentes sociais. Palavras-Chave: Serviço Social brasileiro; tradição marxista; Marilda Villela Iamamoto. Abstract – This article investigates the approximation to the Marxist tradition of Brazilian social work in the period between 1960 and 1982. In this way, as we seek to understand the movement of the profession within the historical movement itself, we identify the main moments of this approximation. Research suggests that the interlocution between social work and the Marxist tradition advances in time, making qualitative leaps, in which the production of Marilda Villela Iamamoto marks an important moment of inflection for the category of social workers.Keywords: Brazilian social work; Marxist tradition; Marilda Villela Iamamoto.
Gregory SHOLETTE: Delirium and Resistance: Activist Art and the Crisis of Capitalism
Authors: Wirth Jakob
Published: August 2018

Die Rezension des Buchs Delirium and Resistance: Activist Art and the Crisis of Capitalism von Gregory Sholette von Jakob Wirth, reflektiert inwiefern die aktivistische Kunst oder sozial engagierte Kunst immer mehr ins Zentrum der etablierten Kunstwelt rückt. In seinem Buch "Delirium and Resistance - Activist Art and the Crisis of Capitalism" sucht der US-amerikanische Künstler, Aktivist und Chronist sozial engagierter Kunst Gregory Sholette entlang der Grenzen zwischen Kunst und Ökonomie, Markt und Autonomie, Fiktion und Realität, um dort eine Kartierung des neuen und noch nicht stark theoretisierten Feldes aktivistischer Kunst zu leisten. Sholettes Ausführungen, die sich in drei große Kapitel gliedern "Art World", "Cities without Souls" und "Resistance", sind eine Kompilation aus aktuellen Artikeln und Aufsätzen aus den letzten 18 Jahren, die sich auf seine Erfahrungen und Beobachtungen, die er als in New York arbeitender Kurator, Künstler und Kunstkritiker sammelte, stützen.
The Veil at the Crossroads: Muḥammad Saʻīd al-‘Ashmāwī and The Discourse on the Ḥijāb in Egypt
Authors: Nasir Mohamad Abdun
Published: August 2018

Jilbab telah menjadi isu kontroversial yang mengakibatkanp perdebatan sengit di kalangan feminis, Islamis maupun kelompok Liberal-sekuralis di Mesir. Muḥammad Saʻīd al-Ashmāwi melihat jilbab telah dibelokkan arah oleb kelompok Islam radikal dari masalah agama ke masalah politik untuk mencap kafir wanita Muslim yang menolak jilbab. Inilah yang menjadikan ketidaksetujuan ‘Ashmā-wī. Kelompok lslam radikal dianggap telah  memanipulasi agama demi tercapai kepentingan-kepntingan idiologis politik mereka. Dari situ Ashmāwī kemudian membuat counter discourse tentang jilbab. Menurutnya jilbab tidak wajib. Bagi dia tidak semua ayat-ayat al-Qur'an bersifat umurn, dan sebagian dari mereka bersifat spesifik yang terkait dengan kondisi tertentu. Ayat-ayatt tentang jilbab masuk dalam kategori ini dan interpretasi terhadap ayat-ayat tersebut harus dikaitkan dengan konteks sebab turunnya ayat (asbāb al nuzūl).
Patient Safety Goals’ Level of Attainment in Selected Tertiary Hospitals in Manila, Philippines: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Abe Kenji Hennessy C. , Tuppal Cyruz P.
Published: August 2018

Background: Continuous efforts in the implementation of the National Patient Safety Goals (PSG) as a framework to guide the service providers have been made. However,there are reported incidents of untoward patient outcomes due to wrong medication administration, wrong site of surgical operation, acquisition of healthcare-associated infections, adverse reactions, and incidence of fall.Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the PSGs’ level of attainment in selected tertiary hospitals in Metro Manila, Philippines. Methods: This study employed a field, descriptive and historical research survey conducted in three tertiary hospitals in Metro Manila. The participants were nurses having at least one year of experience in their current workplace (n=214). The sets of questionnaires used to get the data include the demographic profile and PSGs indicators adapted from the National Patient Safety Goals (NPSGs). Data responses were analyzed with descriptive statistics and One-Way ANOVA. Results: Based on the findings, the PSGs level of attainment obtained high extent with overall mean average: PSG 1 (M=4.35), PSG 2 (M=3.97), PSG 3 (M=4.07), PSG 4 (M=3.61), PSG 5 (M=3.89), PSG 6 (M=3.77) and PSG7 (M=4.20). Furthermore, there were significant differences on PSG 3 and PSG 4 with p-values of 0.00 and 0.02 respectively, which were tested at 0.05 level of significance. Others PSGs showed no significant differences. Conclusion: The results indicate that the selected hospitals in Metropolitan Manila, Philippines have a high level of attainment for patient safety goals and remains at the core of health service delivery in each organization. It is recommended that the hospital further enhance the knowledge, skills, and attitudes towards a sustained patient safety culture through continuing education programs, benchmarking, institutionalization, and accreditation.
A design for external quality assessment for the analysis of thiopurine drugs: pitfalls and opportunities
Authors: Robijns Karen , van Luin Matthijs , Jansen Rob T.P. , Neef Cees , Touw Daan J.
Published: August 2018

Background

For the analysis of 6-thioguanine nucleotides (6-TGN) and 6-methylmercaptopurine ribonucleotides (6-MMPR), no external quality assessment scheme (EQAS) is currently available and no quality control samples can be made because of the absence of pure substances. An experimental design is tested to compare laboratory analytical results.

Methods

In this EQAS, participating laboratories were asked to select patient samples from their routine analysis and exchange these with a coupled laboratory. Because of large differences in results between laboratories, all standard operating procedures were reviewed, revealing that the origin of these differences could be in the method of hydrolysis and the preparation of calibrators. To investigate the contribution of the calibrators to these differences, one participating laboratory was asked to prepare a batch of calibrators to be shipped to the participating laboratories for analysis.

Results

Results for 6-TGN differed more between laboratories, compared with results for 6-MMPR. For 6-TGN and 6-MMPR 43% and 24% of the results, respectively, were out of the 80%–120% range. When correcting the results from the exchange of the patient samples with the results of the calibrators, the mean absolute difference for 6-TGN improved from 24.8% to 16.3% (p<0.001), while the results for 6-MMPR worsened from 17.3% to 20.0% (p=0.020).

Conclusions

This first EQAS for thiopurine drugs shows that there is a difference between laboratories in the analysis of 6-TGN, and to a lesser extent in the analysis of 6-MMPR. This difference for 6-TGN can partially be explained by the use of in-house-prepared calibrators that differ among the participants.
A new line-shape asymmetry model for wavelength modulation spectroscopy in gaseous flows
Authors: Nevrlý Václav , Klečka Vít , Vašinek Michal , Válek Václav , Suchánek Jan , Dostál Michal , Hric Branislav , Bitala Petr , Zelinger Zdenĕk
Published: August 2018

This communication reports technical notes on the development and application of an automated line-shape fitting procedure for wavelength modulation spectroscopy (WMS). Near-infrared transitions of carbon dioxide (CO2) around 1573 nm were measured in vertical cold (nonreacting) flow of CO2 at atmospheric pressure using WMS with demodulation at second harmonic frequency. Semi-empirical model based on the set of so-called Gabor functions was developed and parameters of Lorentzian line-shape profile and its asymmetry resulting from simultaneous frequency and amplitude response of the current-modulated semiconductor laser were determined. Nonlinear least-square fitting procedure employing differential evolution algorithm was successfully utilized for performing this task. Line-shape fitting procedure enabling efficient signal de-noising and background subtraction of wavelength modulation spectra was implemented into an open-source code.
Measuring and evaluating the differences of compared images for a correct car silhouette categorization using integral transforms
Authors: Pivarčiová Elena , Sobrino Daynier Rolando Delgado , Nikitin Yury Rafailovich , Holubek Radovan , Ružarovský Roman
Published: August 2018

The present paper focuses on the analysis of the possibilities of using integral transforms for measuring and evaluating the differences of compared images (car silhouettes) with the purpose of a correct car body categorization. Approaches such as the light intensities frequency change, the application of discrete integral transforms without the use of further supplementary information enabling automated data processing using the Fourier-Mellin transforms are used within this work. The calculation of the several metrics was verified through different combinations that implied using and not using the Hamming window and a low-pass filter. The paper introduced a method for measuring and evaluating the differences in the compared images (car silhouettes). The proposed method relies on the fact that the integral transforms have their own transformants in the case of translation, scaling and rotation, in the frequency area. Besides, the Fourier-Mellin transform was to offer image transformation that is resistant to the translation, rotation and scale.
A hoard of the Prague grossi from Stará Boleslav (Praha-východ district) II
Authors: Jeřábek Tomáš
Published: August 2018

In connection with the earlier article published in 2012 which discussed the hoard of 57 Prague grossi discovered between March 2010 and May 2012 in the field to the north of Stará Boleslav – a historical city and a pilgrimage place situated about 20km to the north-east of Prague – the author presents the missing part of the hoard which was not published in the original article. It includes twelve Prague grossi and four parvi struck under John of Luxembourg. With these additional coins, the entire hoard covers thirteen previously known varieties of the Prague grossi and adds one new variety (no. 11 in the survey table). In order to determine the approximate burial date of the hoard, the author takes into account the assumed production period of the latest variety – Castelin VIII. 47 – and concludes that the hoard could have been buried at some point during the late 1340s or early 1350s. As for the actual reason of depositing, common form of money thesaurisation is assumed, most likely by a resident of Stará Boleslav or a pilgrim visiting the town. At the time of the assumed depositing, the place had already played a role of an important pilgrimage centre for several centuries.
Coins of the Bohemian type struck under Oldrich of Hardegg in Kłodzko
Authors: Brádle Vojtěch
Published: August 2018

In time of Oldrich of Hardegg († 1536), three small silver denominations copying different coins were produced in Kłodzko. While the pfennigs of the Austrian type are known mainly from hoards in the Austrian territory, the hellers of the Silesian type and the coins of the Bohemian type are documented mostly in the Czech Lands. White coins struck under Vladislaus II Jagiellon (1471–1516) served as prototypes for the copies of the Bohemian type. Issuers of the coins of the Bohemian type in Kłodzko can be easily identified from their marginal legends: there is the name of Oldrich with his title the Count of Hardegg or the Count of Kłodzko legible there. Based on iconographical analysis, analysis of hoards and information from the written sources, it is possible to judge that these coins were struck perhaps in 1512/1513–1514. Because of their extraordinary similarity with official coins, the ruler banned their production starting with March 17, 1514.
Interesting and unknown coins struck under Ferdinand II in the Prague mint
Authors: Vojtíšek Pavel
Published: August 2018

Three unknown varieties of the Prague kipper coins by B. Hübmer produced in the Prague mint are described in this article. The coins differ from the recently documented types in the following small details: mint-master’s mark in brackets, form of year or differences in eagle’s image. Information about these issues has been enriched, and it can help in creation of the ‘complete survey’ of the Bohemian kipper coins. Basic notes for collectors about rarity of these coins are also implemented in the article.
Group finds of coins of the first half of the 20th century. Two south-Bohemian cases
Authors: Pták Martin
Published: August 2018

The presented article describes two group coin-finds from south Bohemia. The first group of coins was discovered via exhumation of a common grave in the surroundings of Horní Lhota near Lásenice dating back to May 1945. It is represented by cash (or remaining part of it) owned by a German soldier in May 1945. The second group of coins was found at the Radíš hillfort, and it is represented by pieces in a wallet evidently lost on a trip or during forest works sometimes between 1949 and 1953. The article emphasizes importance and necessity of documentation even of these late modern coin-finds.
A Romanian banknote from the Prague printing office
Authors: Kutina Zdeněk
Published: August 2018

The National Bank of Romania decided to produce some means of payment for the monetary reform of 1947 in secrecy. The Czechoslovak National Bank (NBČS) executed a perfect graphic appearance for the banknote of 100 lei based on a drawing by a Romanian painter. The bank produced printing forms for offset processing and printed 12 series from the June issue. Bucharest was provided with the watermarked banknote paper for another 30 million of bills as well as printing forms and numbering machines. Later on, the bank produced printing forms for the letter-print and delivered them together with 50 new numbering machines for the purpose of the December issue. The author is focused on various phases of this cooperation as well as on the connection among watermarks, series, numbering machines and issues of this sole Romanian banknote, in which the NBČS’ printing office was involved in a decisive way. The author mentioned also mintage of the 2-lei coin in the Kremnica mint in 1947.
Experimental proof of applicability of alternative sort of plating of contemporary copper forgeries with use of mercury
Authors: Richtera Lukáš
Published: August 2018

Practical applicability of alternative sort of coating of contemporary copper forgeries with use of mercury only (i.e. without use of another metal such as silver or tin) has been experimentally definitely proven. This undescribed way of amalgamation coating is based on simple dipping of a cleaned copper flan in mercury. In few hours, a stable silvery layer of the copper amalgam covers the copper surface. This kind of plating was most likely used by forgers in process of plating of the copper forgeries copying parvi of Wenceslas II at the beginning of the 14th century.