bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FORESAIL‐1 CubeSat Mission to Measure Radiation Belt Losses and Demonstrate Deorbiting
Authors: Palmroth M. , Praks J. , Vainio R. , Janhunen P. , Kilpua E. K. J. , Afanasiev A. , Ala‐Lahti M. , Alho A. , Asikainen T. , Asvestari E. , Battarbee M. , Binios A. , Bosser A. , Brito T. , Dubart M. , Envall J. , Ganse U. , Ganushkina N. Yu. , George H. , Gieseler J. , Good S. , Grandin M. , Haslam S. , Hedman H.‐P. , Hietala H. , Jovanovic N. , Kakakhel S. , Kalliokoski M. , Kettunen V. V. , Koskela T. , Lumme E. , Meskanen M. , Morosan D. , Mughal M. Rizwan , Niemelä P. , Nyman S. , Oleynik P. , Osmane A. , Palmerio E. , Peltonen J. , Pfau‐Kempf Y. , Plosila J. , Polkko J. , Poluianov S. , Pomoell J. , Price D. , Punkkinen A. , Punkkinen R. , Riwanto B. , Salomaa L. , Slavinskis A. , Säntti T. , Tammi J. , Tenhunen H. , Toivanen P. , Tuominen J. , Turc L. , Valtonen E. , Virtanen P. , Westerlund T.
Published: May 2019

Today, the near‐Earth space is facing a paradigm change as the number of new spacecraft is literally skyrocketing. Increasing numbers of small satellites threaten the sustainable use of space, as without removal, space debris will eventually make certain critical orbits unusable. A central factor affecting small spacecraft health and leading to debris is the radiation environment, which is unpredictable due to an incomplete understanding of the near‐Earth radiation environment itself and its variability driven by the solar wind and outer magnetosphere. This paper presents the FORESAIL‐1 nanosatellite mission, having two scientific and one technological objectives. The first scientific objective is to measure the energy and flux of energetic particle loss to the atmosphere with a representative energy and pitch angle resolution over a wide range of magnetic local times. To pave the way to novel model‐in situ data comparisons, we also show preliminary results on precipitating electron fluxes obtained with the new global hybrid‐Vlasov simulation Vlasiator. The second scientific objective of the FORESAIL‐1 mission is to measure energetic neutral atoms of solar origin. The solar energetic neutral atom flux has the potential to contribute importantly to the knowledge of solar eruption energy budget estimations. The technological objective is to demonstrate a satellite deorbiting technology, and for the first time, make an orbit maneuver with a propellantless nanosatellite. FORESAIL‐1 will demonstrate the potential for nanosatellites to make important scientific contributions as well as promote the sustainable utilization of space by using a cost‐efficient deorbiting technology.
Podcast: A Tale of Two Journeys
Authors: Lipuma Lauren
Published: May 2019

In the latest episode of its Centennial series, AGU’s Third Pod from the Sun tells the story of two parties journeying to the South Pole in 1911 and the extraordinary impact that weather had on their travels.
How Will the Jet Stream Respond to Future Warming?
Authors: Cook Terri
Published: May 2019

Simulations that test different approaches to modeling radiation suggest a commonly used scheme fails to fully capture changes in midlatitude circulation associated with climate change.
Bill Would Create a Wildlife Corridors System to Protect Species
Authors: Showstack Randy
Published: May 2019

In the wake of a recent United Nations report about threats to biodiversity, congressional legislation aims to protect wildlife that faces habitat loss, degradation, and fragmentation.
Frequency‐Dependent Moment Tensors of Induced Microearthquakes
Authors: Yu Changpeng , Vavryčuk Václav , Adamová Petra , Bohnhoff Marco
Published: May 2019

Analysis of 984 induced microearthquakes from The Geysers geothermal reservoir in California reveals that the retrieved moment tensors depend on the frequency band of the inverted waveforms. The observed dependence is more significant for the percentages of the double‐couple, compensated linear vector dipole, and isotropic (ISO) components than for the focal mechanisms. The average root‐mean‐square of the moment tensors obtained in different frequency bands is correlated with spectra of ambient noise. The percentages of double‐couple and ISO components tend to decrease and increase with the upper cutoff frequency (fu), respectively. This suggests that shear rupture radiates energy preferentially in a lower frequency band and tensile rupture in a higher frequency band. Events displaying a strong increase of the ISO with fu are confined within the same depth interval as the injection points. This might be related to the strong thermoelastic effects in the vicinity of injection points that promote opening of small cracks adjacent to the main fractures.
Associational effects in the microbial neighborhood
Authors: Worrich Anja , Musat Niculina , Harms Hauke
Published: May 2019

Even though “perfect” metagenomes or metatranscriptomes are close at hand, the implicit assumption of spatial homogeneity in the “omic” approaches makes it difficult if not impossible to relate those data to ecological processes occurring in natural and man-made ecosystems. In fact, the distribution of microbes in their habitats is far from being uniform and random. Microbial communities show a high degree of spatial organization that stems from environmental gradients and local interactions. These interactions can be very complex and may involve multiple species. Several studies highlighted the importance of indirect interactions for community stability, but the absence of a theoretical framework for microbial ecology restricts the possibilities to strike a balance between the investigation of simple communities with purely pairwise interactions and the attempts to understand interaction patterns in whole communities based on meta-omics studies. Here we suggest adapting the concept of Associational Effects (AE) from plant ecology, to better understand the link between ecological interactions, spatial arrangement, and stability in microbial communities. By bringing together a conceptual framework developed for plants and observations made for microbes, this perspective article fosters synthesis of related disciplines to yield novel insights into the advancing field of spatial microbial ecology. To promote the integration into microbial ecology, we (i) outline the theoretical background of AE, (ii) collect underlying mechanisms by literature synthesis, (iii) propose a three-point roadmap for the investigation of AE in microbial communities, and (iv) discuss its implications for microbial ecology research.
Opposing roles for amygdala and vmPFC in the return of appetitive conditioned responses in humans
Authors: Ebrahimi Claudia , Koch Stefan P. , Pietrock Charlotte , Fydrich Thomas , Heinz Andreas , Schlagenhauf Florian
Published: May 2019

Learning accounts of addiction and obesity emphasize the persistent power of Pavlovian reward cues to trigger craving and increase relapse risk. While extinction can reduce conditioned responding, Pavlovian relapse phenomena—the return of conditioned responding following successful extinction—challenge the long-term success of extinction-based treatments. Translational laboratory models of Pavlovian relapse could therefore represent a valuable tool to investigate the mechanisms mediating relapse, although so far human research has mostly focused on return of fear phenomena. To this end we developed an appetitive conditioning paradigm with liquid food rewards in combination with a 3-day design to investigate the return of appetitive Pavlovian responses and the involved neural structures in healthy subjects. Pavlovian conditioning (day 1) was assessed in 62 participants, and a subsample (n = 33) further completed extinction (day 2) and a reinstatement test (day 3). Conditioned responding was assessed on explicit (pleasantness ratings) and implicit measures (reaction time, skin conductance, heart rate, startle response) and reinstatement effects were further evaluated using fMRI. We observed a return of conditioned responding during the reinstatement test, evident by enhanced skin conductance responses, accompanied by enhanced BOLD responses in the amygdala. On an individual level, psychophysiological reinstatement intensity was significantly anticorrelated with ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) activation, and marginally anticorrelated with enhanced amygdala-vmPFC connectivity during late reinstatement. Our results extend evidence from return of fear phenomena to the appetitive domain, and highlight the role of the vmPFC and its functional connection with the amygdala in regulating appetitive Pavlovian relapse.
TFAP2B overexpression contributes to tumor growth and progression of thyroid cancer through the COX-2 signaling pathway
Authors: Fu Xiaoyan , Zhang Huayong , Chen Zhipeng , Yang Zhongyuan , Shi Dingbo , Liu Tianrun , Chen Weichao , Yao Fan , Su Xuan , Deng Wuguo , Chen Miao , Yang Ankui
Published: May 2019

Thyroid cancer is commonly seen in the clinic with a rapidly increasing incidence globally. COX-2 overexpression correlates with the pathologic type of thyroid carcinoma, and it has been suggested that COX-2 overexpression is associated with a poor prognosis. However, little is known about its upstream regulatory mechanism. Bioinformatics suggested that transcription factor AP-2 beta (TFAP2B) might specifically bind to the COX-2 promoter, which was confirmed by biotin-labeled COX-2 promoter pulldown and luciferase reporter assays. We performed western blot and immunohistochemical staining to detect the expression of TFAP2B/COX-2 in thyroid cancer tissues (T) and the matched adjacent noncarcinoma tissues (ANT), and investigated the relationship between TFAP2B/COX-2 expression and clinical pathological factors in thyroid cancer patients. Afterward, MTS, colony formation, cell-apoptosis assay, transwell-invasion and scratch assays were performed to examine the proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, and migration of thyroid cancer cells with TFAP2B knocked down or overexpressed. The mouse xenograft experiment was performed to study in vivo the proliferation of thyroid cancer cells with TFAP2B knocked down or overexpressed. We found that TFAP2B bound to the promoter of COX-2 to activate its expression. Western blot and immunohistochemistry showed that TFAP2B/COX-2 was highly expressed in thyroid cancer, and high TFAP2B and COX-2 expression was associated with aggressive clinicopathological features in thyroid cancer. TFAP2B mediated thyroid cancer cell proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, and migration via the COX-2 signaling pathway in vitro and in vivo. TFAP2B bound to the promoter of COX-2 to activate its expression, indicating that TFAP2B is a critical regulatory molecule in the COX-2 signaling pathway that promoted tumor progression in thyroid cancer.
Strategies by which WWOX-deficient metastatic cancer cells utilize to survive via dodging, compromising, and causing damage to WWOX-positive normal microenvironment
Authors: Chou Pei-Yi , Lai Feng-Jie , Chen Yu-An , Sie Yong-Da , Kuo Hsiang-Ling , Su Wan-Pei , Wu Chia-Yun , Liu Tsung-Yun , Wen Kuang-Yu , Hsu Li-Jin , Sze Chun-I , Chang Nan-Shan
Published: May 2019

Proapoptotic tumor suppressor WWOX is upregulated in the early stage of cancer initiation, which probably provides limitation to cancer growth and progression. Later, WWOX protein is reduced to enhance cancer cell growth, migration, invasiveness and metastasis. To understand how WWOX works in controlling cancer progression, here we demonstrate that apoptotic stress mediated by ectopic WWOX stimulated cancer cells to secrete basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) in order to support capillary microtubule formation. This event may occur in the cancer initiation stage. Later, when WWOX loss occurs in cancer cells, hyaluronidase production is then increased in the cancer cells to facilitate metastasis. We determined that inhibition of membrane hyaluronidase Tyr216-phosphorylated Hyal-2 by antibody suppresses cancer growth in vivo. WWOX-negative (WWOX-) cells dodged WWOX+cells in the microenvironment by migrating individually backward to avoid physical contacts and yet significantly upregulating the redox activity of WWOX+parental cells or other WWOX+cell types for causing apoptosis. Upon detecting the presence of WWOX+cells from a distance, WWOX- cells exhibit activation of MIF, Hyal-2, Eph, and Wnt pathways, which converges to MEK/ERK signaling and enables WWOX- cells to evade WWOX+cells. Inhibition of each pathway by antibody or specific chemicals enables WWOX- cells to merge with WWOX+cells. In addition, exogenous TGF-β assists WWOX- cells to migrate collectively forward and merge with WWOX+cells. Metastatic WWOX- cancer cells frequently secrete high levels of TGF-β, which conceivably assists them to merge with WWOX+cells in target organs and secure a new home base in the WWOX+microenvironment. Together, loss of WWOX allows cancer cells to develop strategies to dodge, compromise and even kill WWOX-positive cells in microenvironment.
Experimental limit on an exotic parity-odd spin- and velocity-dependent interaction using an optically polarized vapor
Authors: Kim Young Jin , Chu Ping-Han , Savukov Igor , Newman Shaun
Published: May 2019

Exotic spin-dependent interactions between fermions have recently attracted attention in relation to theories beyond the Standard Model. The exotic interactions can be mediated by hypothetical fundamental bosons which may explain several unsolved mysteries in physics. Here we expand this area of research by probing an exotic parity-odd spin- and velocity-dependent interaction between the axial-vector electron coupling and the vector nucleon coupling for polarized electrons. This experiment utilizes a high-sensitivity atomic magnetometer, based on an optically polarized vapor that is a source of polarized electrons, and a solid-state mass containing unpolarized nucleons. The atomic magnetometer can detect an effective magnetic field induced by the exotic interaction between unpolarized nucleons and polarized electrons. We set an experimental limit on the electron-nucleon coupling $$g_{\mathrm{A}}^{\mathrm{e}}g_{\mathrm{V}}^{\mathrm{N}} \, < \, 10^{ - 30}$$

g

A

e

g

V

N

<

1

0

-
30

at the mediator boson mass below 10−4 eV, significantly improving the current limit by up to 17 orders of magnitude.
Tissue-specific alteration of gene expression and function by RU486 and the GeneSwitch system
Authors: Robles-Murguia Maricela , Hunt Liam C. , Finkelstein David , Fan Yiping , Demontis Fabio
Published: May 2019

The GeneSwitch (GS) is a modified Gal4/UAS system, whereby transgene expression is induced in Drosophila by adding the drug RU486 to food. The GS system is routinely used in Drosophila aging and behavioral studies to avoid confounding effects related to genetic background mutations. Here, we report transcriptional and functional defects that are induced by RU486 in a stock- and tissue-dependent manner, such as defects in flight and mitochondrial gene expression. In addition to including proper controls, our findings suggest that context-specific side effects induced by RU486 should be considered in the experimental design and when interpreting the observed phenotypes.
Role of Bcl2-associated Athanogene 3 in Turnover of Gap Junction Protein, Connexin 43, in Neonatal Cardiomyocytes
Authors: Ghasemi Tahrir Farzaneh , Gupta Manish , Myers Valerie , Gordon Jennifer , Cheung Joseph Y. , Feldman Arthur M. , Khalili Kamel
Published: May 2019

Any pathological stress that impairs expression, turnover and phosphorylation of connexin 43 (Cx43), one of the major proteins of gap junctions, can adversely impact myocardial cell behavior, thus leading to the development of cardiac arrhythmias and heart failure. Our results in primary neonatal rat ventricular cardiomyocytes (NRVCs) show that impairment of the autophagy-lysosome pathway dysregulates degradation of Cx43, either by inhibiting lysosomal activity or suppressing the level of Bcl2-associated athanogene 3 (BAG3), a stress-induced pleiotropic protein that is involved in protein quality control (PQC) via the autophagy pathway. Inhibition of lysosomal activity leads to the accumulation of Cx43 aggregates and suppression of BAG3 significantly diminished turnover of Cx43. In addition, knock-down of BAG3 reduced the levels of Cx43 by dysregulating Cx43 protein stability. Under stress conditions, expression of BAG3 affected the state of Cx43 phosphorylation and its degradation. Furthermore, we found that BAG3 co-localized with the cytoskeleton protein, α-Tubulin, and depolymerization of α-Tubulin led to the intracellular accumulation of Cx43. These observations ascribe a novel function for BAG3 that involves control of Cx43 turnover under normal and stress conditions and potentially for optimizing communication of cardiac muscle cells through gap junctions.
Robust noble metal-based electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Shi Qiurong , Zhu Chengzhou , Du Dan , Lin Yuehe
Published: May 2019

The oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is a kinetically sluggish anodic reaction that requires rationalized compositions and structures for achieving highly efficient and reliable noble metal-based electrocatalysts in acidic electrolyte.
Evaluation ofKluyveromyces marxianus endo-polygalacturonase activity through ATR-FTIR
Authors: Mansoldo Felipe Raposo Passos , Neves Junior Athayde , Cardoso Veronica da Silva , Rosa Maria do Socorro S. , Vermelho Alane Beatriz
Published: May 2019

Theendo-polygalacturonase enzyme (endoPG: EC 3.2.1.15) plays an important role in the fruit juice and wine industries, so the development of new tools for the quantitative and qualitative analysis of its enzymatic action is necessary.
Hydrogen peroxide detection with a silver nanoparticle grating chip fabricated by plasmonic plating
Authors: Yoshikawa Hiroyuki , Hieda Kenshiro , Ikeda Kanako , Tamiya Eiichi
Published: May 2019

An optical detection of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is proposed, using grating structures of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs).
Development of a lateral flow immunoassay for the simultaneous detection of four dipyrone metabolites in milk
Authors: Li Yue , Liu Liqiang , Kuang Hua , Xu Chuanlai
Published: May 2019

Dipyrone (DIP) is a commonly used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with strong analgesic, antipyretic, and spasmolytic properties.
A repertoire of biomedical applications of noble metal nanoparticles
Authors: Azharuddin Mohammad , Zhu Geyunjian H. , Das Debapratim , Ozgur Erdogan , Uzun Lokman , Turner Anthony P. F. , Patra Hirak K.
Published: May 2019

The emerging properties of noble metal nanoparticles are attracting huge interest from the translational scientific community. In this feature article, we highlight recent advances in the adaptation of noble metal nanomaterials and their biomedical applications in therapeutics, diagnostics and sensing.
Computational mapping of redox-switchable metal complexes based on ferrocene derivatives
Authors: Lai Amy , Clifton Jamie , Diaconescu Paula L. , Fey Natalie
Published: May 2019

The properties of redox-switchable metal complexes have been captured with DFT-calculated parameters and processed into a map of chemical space, highlighting the effects of varying metals, donors, linkers and substituents in both accessible ferrocene oxidation states.
Silver-doped laser-induced graphene for potent surface antibacterial activity and anti-biofilm action
Authors: Gupta Abhishek , Holoidovsky Lara , Thamaraiselvan Chidambaram , Thakur Amit K. , Singh Swatantra P. , Meijler Michael M. , Arnusch Christopher J.
Published: May 2019

Silver nanoparticles embedded in laser-induced graphene surfaces were generated in a one step process, resulting in highly antibacterial surfaces.
A naphthalimide-aminal-based pH-sensitive fluorescent donor for lysosome-targeted formaldehyde release and fluorescence turn-on readout
Authors: Xu Hang , Ma Shengnan , Liu Qianqian , Huang Lixian , Wu Peimin , Liu Xiaolin , Huang Yali , Wang Xiaolei , Xu Huan , Lou Kaiyan , Wang Wei
Published: May 2019

NAP-FAD-1is a pH-sensitive smart formaldehyde donor with fluorescence turn-on readout for facile tracking and quantification of formaldehyde release.
Specific detection of RNA mutation at single-base resolution by coupling the isothermal exponential amplification reaction (EXPAR) with chimeric DNA probe-aided precise RNA disconnection at the mutation site
Authors: Chang Fu , Sun Yueying , Yang Dandan , Yang Wenjuan , Sun Yuanyuan , Liu Chenghui , Li Zhengping
Published: May 2019

A chimeric DNA-aided RNase H-EXPAR approach is designed for the accurate and specific detection of RNA mutation at single-base resolution.
A self-assembled peptidic nanomillipede to fabricate a tuneable hybrid hydrogel
Authors: Liu Jianhui , Ni Rong , Chau Ying
Published: May 2019

Peptidic ‘nanomillipede’, consisting of worm-like nanoscale ‘body’ and cysteine-terminated ‘legs’, was synthesized, tuned (with ultrasound) and utilized to crosslink the vinyl sulfone-modified dextran to form hybrid hydrogels with soft-tissue mimicking tuneable mechanical strength, self-healing property, and tuneable shear-thinning property, thereby indicating their potential use in tissue engineering and drug delivery.
Multi-component heteroarene couplings via polarity-reversed radical cascades
Authors: Lear Jeremy M. , Buquoi J. Quentin , Gu Xin , Pan Kui , Mustafa Darsheed N. , Nagib David A.
Published: May 2019

A unified strategy enables multi-component radical addition cascades to couple alkenes, heteroarenes, and various radicals, including N3, P(O)R2, and CF3.
Oxygen atom transfer: a mild and efficient method for generating iminyl radicals
Authors: Kim Youngsuk , Bielawski Christopher W. , Lee Eunsung
Published: May 2019

Described is a mild and efficient method for generating iminyl radicals from their N-heterocyclic carbene-derived iminoxyl precursors and various oxygen acceptors (e.g., PPh3).
Correction: Cascade energy transfer and tunable emission from nanosheet hybrids: locating acceptor molecules through chiral doping
Authors: Goudappagouda Goudappagouda , Wakchaure Vivek Chandrakant , Ranjeesh Kayaramkodath Chandran , Abhai Chalona Antony Ralph , Babu Sukumaran Santhosh
Published: May 2019

Correction for ‘Cascade energy transfer and tunable emission from nanosheet hybrids: locating acceptor molecules through chiral doping’ by Goudappagouda et al., Chem. Commun., 2017, 53, 7072–7075.
Correction: Conducting nanofibres of solvatofluorochromic cyclohexanetrione–dithiolylidene-based C3 symmetric molecule
Authors: Shivakumar Kilingaru I. , Goudappagouda Goudappagouda , Gonnade Rajesh G. , Babu Sukumaran Santhosh , Sanjayan Gangadhar J.
Published: May 2019

Correction for ‘Conducting nanofibres of solvatofluorochromic cyclohexanetrione–dithiolylidene-based C3 symmetric molecule’ by Kilingaru I. Shivakumar et al., Chem. Commun., 2018, 54, 212–215.
Random distribution active site model for ice nucleation in water droplets
Authors: Kubota Noriaki
Published: May 2019

Analytical solutions and Monte Carlo simulation agree well with experimental ice nucleation temperature distributions for water droplets.
Enhanced mechanofluorochromic properties of 1,4-dihydropyridine-based fluorescent molecules caused by the introduction of halogen atoms
Authors: Chen Yating , Zhou Yibin , Wang Zhiqiang , Wang Mengzhu , Gao Wenxia , Zhou Yunbing , Liu Miaochang , Huang Xiaobo , Wu Huayue
Published: May 2019

Halogen-substituted 1,4-dihydropyridine derivatives exhibit higher contrast mechanofluorochromic properties than the derivative without a halogen atom because of more twisted conformations and looser stacking arrangements.
Surfactant-assisted synthesis of large Cu-BTC MOF single crystals and their potential utilization as photodetectors
Authors: Sun Yu , Amsler Maximilian , Goedecker Stefan , Caravella Alessio , Yoshida Masaki , Kato Masako
Published: May 2019

The preferential growth of dense Cu-BTC MOFs (Cu-s) with the assistance of surfactants PF-127 has been investigated, forming long rods with an average length up to ∼3 mm. A simple photo-detecting device was fabricated, showing current enhancement under illumination.
Coarse-grained simulation studies on the adsorption of polyelectrolyte complexes upon lipid membranes
Authors: Angelescu Daniel G.
Published: May 2019

Conformations of a polyelectrolyte complex irreversibly bound to a zwitterionic lipid bilayer.
Computational investigation of a promising Si–Cu anode material
Authors: Galashev Alexander Y. , Ivanichkina Ksenia A.
Published: May 2019

The lack of suitable anode materials is a limiting factor in the creation of a new generation of lithium-ion batteries.
ELDOR-detected NMR beyond hyperfine couplings: a case study with Cu(ii)-porphyrin dimers
Authors: Wili Nino , Richert Sabine , Limburg Bart , Clarke Simon J. , Anderson Harry L. , Timmel Christiane R. , Jeschke Gunnar
Published: May 2019

The pulse EPR method ELDOR-detected NMR gives information about electron–electron couplings in Cu(ii) porphyrin dimers.
Computational characterisation of structure and metallicity in small neutral and singly-charged cadmium clusters
Authors: Álvarez-Zapatero Pablo , Aguado Andrés
Published: May 2019

Putative global minimum structures and an analysis of the electronic structure of neutral and charged cadmium clusters are reported to gain insight into the gradual insulator-to-metal transition in the small-size regime.
Multiple activations of CH bonds in arenes and heteroarenes
Authors: Adams Richard D. , Dhull Poonam
Published: May 2019

Re2(CO)8(μ-C6H5)(μ-H) reacts with anthracene four times to yield the quadruply CH activated complex [Re2(CO)8(μ-H)]4(μ-η2-1,2-μ-η2-3,4-μ-η2-5,6-μ-η2-7,8-C14H6).
CO2, water, and sunlight to hydrocarbon fuels: a sustained sunlight to fuel (Joule-to-Joule) photoconversion efficiency of 1%
Authors: Sorcar Saurav , Hwang Yunju , Lee Jaewoong , Kim Hwapyong , Grimes Keltin M. , Grimes Craig A. , Jung Jin-Woo , Cho Chang-Hee , Majima Tetsuro , Hoffmann Michael R. , In Su-Il
Published: May 2019

Cu–Pt bimetallic nanoparticles deposited over blue titania exhibiting record photoconversion efficiency for CO2 photoreduction into fuels.
Kinetics of initiation of the third generation Grubbs metathesis catalyst: convergent associative and dissociative pathways
Authors: Forcina Veronica , García-Domínguez Andrés , Lloyd-Jones Guy C.
Published: May 2019

The monopyridyl form of the Grubbs III catalyst initiates rapidly, via both dissociative and associative pathways.
Visible-light-induced condensation cyclization to synthesize benzimidazoles using fluorescein as a photocatalyst
Authors: Li Zhuofei , Song He , Guo Rui , Zuo Minghui , Hou Chuanfu , Sun Shouneng , He Xin , Sun Zhizhong , Chu Wenyi
Published: May 2019

A mild strategy for visible-light-induced synthesis of benzimidazoles was developed using aromatic aldehydes and o-phenylenediamines as substrates.
A laser ablation resonance ionisation mass spectrometer (LA-RIMS) for the detection of isotope ratios of uranium at ultra-trace concentrations from solid particles and solutions
Authors: Strashnov Ilya , Izosimov Igor , Gilmour Jamie D. , Denecke Melissa Anne , Almiral Jose , Cannavan Andrew , Chen Gang , Dissanayake Champa , Doroshenko Iryna , Elghali Tibari , Enston Emma , Fernando Biyagamage Ruchika , Kasozi Gabriel , Kelly Simon , Maqsood Mohammed , Muhammad Syahidah Akmal , Muryn Christopher , Pomerantsev Alexey L. , Singh Dileep Kumar , Smith Gareth , Taous Fouad , Webb Carole , Williamson David , Xu Zhenzhen , Yang Shuming , Zitek Andreas
Published: May 2019

A commercial MALDI mass spectrometer coupled with a tunable laser ionisation system can be used for the detection of uranium isotope ratios at trace levels.
Investigation on the reduction of self-absorption effects in quantitative analysis using fiber laser ablation laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy
Authors: Xiong Zhang , Hao Zhongqi , Li Xiangyou , Zeng Xiaoyan
Published: May 2019

A fiber laser and Nd:YAG laser were utilized to formulate a FLA-LIBS system and reduce self-absorption effects.
The role of cysteine and sulfide in the interplay between microbial Hg(ii) uptake and sulfur metabolism
Authors: Thomas Sara A , Catty Patrice , Hazemann Jean-Louis , Michaud-Soret Isabelle , Gaillard Jean-François
Published: May 2019

Biogenic thiols, such as cysteine, have been used to control the speciation of Hg(ii) in bacterial exposure experiments. However, the extracellular biodegradation of excess cysteine leads to the formation of Hg(ii)–sulfide species, convoluting the interpretation of Hg(ii) uptake results. Herein, we test the hypothesis that Hg(ii)–sulfide species formation is a critical step during bacterial Hg(ii) uptake in the presence of excess cysteine. An Escherichia coli (E. coli) wild-type and mutant strain lacking the decR gene that regulates cysteine degradation to sulfide were exposed to 50 and 500 nM Hg with 0 to 2 mM cysteine. The decR mutant released ∼4 times less sulfide from cysteine degradation compared to the wild-type for all tested cysteine concentrations during a 3 hour exposure period. We show with thermodynamic calculations that the predicted concentration of Hg(ii)–cysteine species remaining in the exposure medium (as opposed to forming HgS(s)) is a good proxy for the measured concentration of dissolved Hg(ii) (i.e., not cell-bound). Likewise, the measured cell-bound Hg(ii) correlates with thermodynamic calculations for HgS(s) formation in the presence of cysteine. High resolution X-ray absorption near edge structure (HR-XANES) spectra confirm the existence of cell-associated HgS(s) at 500 nM total Hg and suggest the formation of Hg–S clusters at 50 nM total Hg. Our results indicate that a speciation change to Hg(ii)–sulfide controls Hg(ii) cell-association in the presence of excess cysteine.
Cu(OAc)2-Mediated benzimidazole-directed C–H cyanation using 2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)acetonitrile as the cyano source
Authors: Zhang Tianyou , Qiao Jingyi , Song He , Xu Feng , Liu Xiaochong , Xu Chunzhao , Ma Junjie , Liu Hao , Sun Zhizhong , Chu Wenyi
Published: May 2019

The C–H activation catalytic system was originally applied to the C(sp2)–H cyanation of aryls/heteroaryls to synthesize 2-(1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)aryl nitriles.
Droplet probe: coupling chromatography to the in situ evaluation of the chemistry of nature
Authors: Oberlies Nicholas H. , Knowles Sonja L. , Amrine Chiraz Soumia M. , Kao Diana , Kertesz Vilmos , Raja Huzefa A.
Published: May 2019

The chemistry of nature can be beautiful, inspiring, beneficial and poisonous, depending on perspective.
Feeling the power: robust supercapacitors from nanostructured conductive polymers fostered with Mn2+ and carbon dots
Authors: Alaş Melis Ö. , Güngör Ahmet , Genç Rükan , Erdem Emre
Published: May 2019

A robust supercapacitor device consisting of a 3D nanoassembly of conductive polymers fostered with Mn2+ and carbon dots has been fabricated.
A three-dimensional DNA walking machine for the ultrasensitive dual-modal detection of miRNA using a fluorometer and personal glucose meter
Authors: Wu Tingting , Cao Yu , Yang Yuemeng , Zhang Xiaoyan , Wang Shutao , Xu Li-Ping , Zhang Xueji
Published: May 2019

A three-dimensional DNA walking machine for the dual-modal detection of miRNA-21 using a fluorometer and personal glucose meter.
Tight-binding inhibition of jack bean α-mannosidase by glycoimidazole clusters
Authors: Pichon Maëva M. , Stauffert Fabien , Bodlenner Anne , Compain Philippe
Published: May 2019

Examples of multimeric inhibitors displaying tight binding inhibition of a carbohydrate-processing enzyme are presented.
Copper nitrate-mediated synthesis of 3-aryl isoxazolines and isoxazoles from olefinic azlactones
Authors: Lin Yifan , Zhang Ke , Gao Mingchun , Jiang Zheyi , Liu Jiajie , Ma Yurui , Wang Haoyu , Tan Qitao , Xiao Junjie , Xu Bin
Published: May 2019

A copper nitrate-mediated [2 + 2 + 1] cycloaddition reaction was developed for the expedient synthesis of isoxazolines and isoxazoles from olefinic azlactones.
Synthesis of functionalized nitrogen-containing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and other prebiotic compounds in impacting glycine solutions
Authors: Kroonblawd Matthew P. , Lindsey Rebecca K. , Goldman Nir
Published: May 2019

Impacting glycine mixtures could have resulted in the shock synthesis of NPAHs and other prebiotic compounds.
As a downstream target of the AKT pathway, NPTX1 inhibits proliferation and promotes apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Zhao Yue , Yu Yaqi , Zhao Wenxiu , You Song , Feng Min , Xie Chengrong , Chi Xiaoqin , Zhang Yi , Wang Xiaomin
Published: May 2019

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is correlated with a poor prognosis and high mortality worldwide. Neuronal pentraxin 1 (NPTX1) has been reported to play an oncogenic role in several types of tumors. However, its expression and function in HCC is not yet fully understood. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the clinicopathological significance of NPTX1 in HCC and the underlying mechanisms. We observed that the expression of NPTX1 was decreased significantly in HCC and was associated with tumor size and metastasis in patients. Gain-of-function approaches revealed that NPTX1 suppressed the growth ability of HCC cells and contributed to mitochondria- related apoptosis. Furthermore, mechanistic investigations showed that the AKT (AKT serine/threonine kinase) pathway can regulate the effects of NPTX1 in HCC cells. After blocking the AKT pathway, the action of NPTX1 was greatly increased. In summary, we demonstrated that NPTX1 inhibited growth and promoted apoptosis in HCC via an AKT-mediated signaling mechanism. These findings indicate that NPTX1 is a potential clinical therapeutic target.
The association of genetic variants in FGFR2 with osteoporosis susceptibility in Chinese Han population
Authors: Yang Yang , Fei Mengxue , Zhou Xinying , Li Yuejun , Jin Dadi
Published: May 2019

Objective: The present study was conducted for exploring the influence of fibroblast growth factor 2 receptor (FGFR2) gene polymorphisms on osteoporosis occurrence risk in the Chinese population.

Methods: Polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR–RFLP) was conducted for the genotyping of polymorphism in 145 osteoporosis patients and 123 controls. The status of Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium was detected in the control group. Genotype and allele frequency comparison of polymorphism between the two groups was performed by χ2 test, odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (95% CI) was used for the result expression about the association of FGFR2 polymorphisms with osteoporosis. Furthermore, the results were adjusted by clinical features via logistic regression analysis.

Results: AA genotype and A allele of rs2420946 were significantly associated with the increased risk of osteoporosis development adjusted by clinical features (OR = 2.238, 95% CI = 1.055–4.746; OR = 1.482, 95% CI = 1.042–2.019). Similarly, CC genotype and C allele frequencies of rs1219648 were detected the significant difference between the case and control groups (P<0.01); moreover, it was still significant by the adjustion of clinical features, which indicated that rs1219648 was significantly associated with the risk of osteoporosis occurrence (OR = 2.900, 95% CI = 1.341–6.271; OR = 1.602, 95% CI = 1.126–2.279). Haplotype T-A-C-T also obviously increased the occurrence risk of osteoporosis (OR = 1.844, 95% CI = 1.180–2.884). Besides, the significant interaction of FGFR2 polymorphisms with drinking status in osteoporosis was also found (P<0.05), especially rs2981579.

Conclusion: FGFR2 rs2420946 and rs1219648 polymorphisms may be the risk factor of osteoporosis in Chinese population. Furthermore, the interaction of FGFR2 polymorphisms with drinking may play an important role in osteoporosis etiology.
LncRNA PACER is down-regulated in osteoarthritis and regulates chondrocyte apoptosis and lncRNA HOTAIR expression
Authors: Jiang Mingwei , Liu Jie , Luo Tao , Chen Qiu , Lu Ming , Meng Deqiang
Published: May 2019

LncRNA PACER is a chondrocyte inflammation-associated long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), and chondrocyte inflammation is involved in osteoarthritis (OA). We observed that plasma PACER was down-regulated, while plasma HOTAIR was up-regulated in OA patients. Altered plasma levels of PACER and HOTAIR distinguished OA patients from healthy controls. PACER and HOTAIR were inversely correlated in both OA patients and healthy controls. PACER overexpression mediated the down-regulation of HOTAIR, while HOTAIR overexpression did not significantly affect PACER. PACER overexpression led to inhibited, while HOTAIR overexpression led to promoted apoptosis of chondrocyte. HOTAIR overexpression attenuated the effects of PACER overexpression. Therefore, lncRNA PACER is down-regulated in OA and regulates chondrocyte apoptosis by down-regulating lncRNA HOTAIR.
Associations of leptin and leptin receptor genetic variants with coronary artery disease: a meta-analysis
Authors: Xiao Peilin , Shi Jianli , Liu Xiaoli
Published: May 2019

Background: Some pilot studies already tried to investigate potential associations of leptin (LEP) and LEP receptor (LEPR) variants with coronary artery disease (CAD). However, the results of these studies were not consistent. Thus, we performed the present meta-analysis to explore associations between LEP/LEPR variants and CAD in a larger pooled population.

Methods: Systematic literature research of PubMed, Web of Science, Embase and CNKI was performed to identify eligible case–control studies on associations between LEP/LEPR variants and CAD. The initial search was conducted in September 2018 and the latest update was performed in December 2018. Q test and I2 statistic were employed to assess between-study heterogeneities. If probability value(P-value) of Q test was less than 0.1 or I2 was greater than 50%, random-effect models (REMs) would be used to pool the data. Otherwise, fixed-effect models (FEMs) would be applied for synthetic analyses.

Results: A total of ten studies published between 2006 and 2018 were eligible for analyses (1989 cases and 2601 controls). Pooled analyses suggested that LEP rs7799039 variant was significantly associated with CAD under over-dominant model (P=0.0007, odds ratio (OR) = 1.36, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.14–1.63, I2 = 41%, FEM) in overall population, and this significant finding was further confirmed in East Asians in subsequent subgroup analyses. However, no positive findings were observed for LEPR rs1137100 and rs1137101 variants in overall and subgroup analyses.

Conclusions: Our meta-analysis suggested that LEP rs7799039 variant might affect individual susceptibility to CAD.
Longitudinal Growth in Single Word Intelligibility Among Children With Cerebral Palsy From 24 to 96 Months of Age: Predicting Later Outcomes From Early Speech Production
Authors: Hustad Katherine C. , Sakash Ashley , Natzke Phoebe E. M. , Broman Aimee Teo , Rathouz Paul J.
Published: May 2019

Purpose

Children with cerebral palsy (CP) are at risk for significant communication problems. Reduced speech intelligibility is common, even for those who do not have speech motor deficits. Development of intelligibility has not been comprehensively quantified in children with CP; as a result, we are currently unable to predict later speech outcomes. Such information would advance treatment decision making. We sought to examine growth in speech intelligibility among children with CP using a prospective longitudinal design, with a focus on age of crossing target intelligibility thresholds, age of greatest intelligibility growth, and how well intelligibility at 36 months predicted intelligibility at 96 months.

Method

Sixty-nine children with CP were followed longitudinally between 24 and 96 months of age. A total of 566 time points were examined across children (
M
= 8.2 time points per child,
SD
= 2.6). We fitted a nonlinear random effects model for longitudinal observations and then used the fitted model trajectories to generate descriptive analyses of growth. We used results of the model to generate a set of simulations, which we analyzed to determine how well 36-month intelligibility data predicted 96-month data.

Results

Half of children crossed 25% and 50% intelligibility thresholds at 36 and 49 months of age, respectively. Slightly more than half of children did not reach 75% intelligibility by 96 months of age. Age of crossing 25%, 50%, and 75% intelligibility thresholds was highly negatively correlated with intelligibly at 96 months. Children had the steepest intelligibility growth at 36 months, followed by 48 and 60 months. Intelligibility at 36 months was highly predictive of intelligibility at 96 months.

Conclusions

The developmental window from 3 to 5 years constitutes a time of rapid growth in speech intelligibility in children with CP. Children who cross intelligibility thresholds of 25%, 50%, and 75% at earlier ages have better outcomes when they are older; early performance is highly predictive of later speech intelligibility outcomes. Children with CP as a group have delayed speech intelligibility development but are still growing through 96 months of age.
Effects of a Family Literacy Program for Latino Parents: Evidence From a Single-Subject Design
Authors: Mesa Carol , Restrepo M. Adelaida
Published: May 2019

Purpose

This study investigated the effects of a family literacy program on Latino parents' language practices at home and their children's oral language skills. The study examined the extent to which (a) the program called
Family Reading Intervention for Language and Literacy in Spanish
was effective at teaching low-income, low-education Latino parents 3 language strategies (i.e., comments, high-level questions, and recasts) for reading aloud and (b) parent implementation of the target strategies influenced children's language skills.

Method

Five Latino mothers and their Spanish-speaking preschool children participated in a multiple-baseline, single-subject design across participants. Program initiation was staggered across the mothers after obtaining a stable baseline. Data on parent and child outcomes were collected across 3 experimental conditions: baseline, intervention, and follow-up. This study employed visual data analysis (e.g., level, trend, variability) to examine the program effects on parent and child outcomes.

Results

The program had an important effect on parental use of comments and high-level questions, but less impact on recasts. In addition, the program had a notable effect on the children's use of different words and conversational turns, less effect on inferences, and no effect on the mean length of utterance in words.

Conclusion

Family Reading Intervention for Language and Literacy in Spanish is an effective program to extend and enrich the reading practices that low-income children from a culturally and linguistically diverse background experience at home. The results have implications for family literacy programs aimed at minority Spanish-speaking families.
Outcomes of Self-Esophageal Dilation for Head and Neck Cancer Patients
Authors: Sinha Uttam K. , Swanson Mark S. , Villegas Brenda Capobres , Ouyoung Laishyang Melody , Kokot Niels
Published: May 2019

Introduction

Dysphagia is common following treatment for head and neck cancers, and self-esophageal dilation is a safe and effective treatment method. Prior studies on self-dilation have reported only qualitative results and included heterogeneous populations with dysphagia. The objective of this study is to quantitatively assess the safety and efficacy of a self-esophageal dilation program for patients with oropharyngeal squamous cell cancer with treatment-induced dysphagia.

Materials and Methods

This is a retrospective review of patients with oropharyngeal squamous cell cancer treated at the University of Southern California from 2009 to 2013 with dysphagia following radiation treatment that persisted after swallow therapy. The treatment program consisted of swallow therapy in conjunction with weekly self-esophageal dilation at home with increasing size bougie dilators. Oral intake was monitored using the Functional Oral Intake Scale (
Crary, Mann, & Groher, 2005
), Modified Barium Swallow Impairment Profile Pharyngoesophageal opening score, and Penetration–Aspiration Scale (
Rosenbek, Robbins, Roecker, Coyle, & Wood, 1996
) pre- and posttreatment.

Results

Thirty-three patients met study criteria and completed the program. Twenty-five patients required nutrition via a gastrostomy tube prior to starting therapy, and 84% (21/25) of these patients were able to have the feeding tube removed. Median Functional Oral Intake Scale (
Crary et al., 2005
) predilation was 1 (range: 1–5), and postdilation was 6 (range: 3–6,
p
< .05). In addition, there was improvement of the Modified Barium Swallow Impairment Profile Pharyngoesophageal opening score from 2 to 1 after treatment (
p
< .05). No complications were encountered.

Discussion

Home self-dilation with concurrent swallowing therapy is a safe and feasible procedure to be used in motivated patients with dysphagia following head and neck cancer treatment.
Much Ado About Fried Chicken: Abetting Aspiration or Respecting Autonomy?
Authors: Chin Laurence Tan Lean , Lim Yu Jun , Choo Wan Ling
Published: May 2019

Purpose

Palliative care is a philosophy of care that encompasses holistic, patient-centric care involving patients and their family members and loved ones. Palliative care patients often have complex needs. A common challenge in managing patients near their end of life is the complexity of navigating clinical decisions and finding achievable and realistic goals of care that are in line with the values and wishes of patients. This often results in differing opinions and conflicts within the multidisciplinary team.

Conclusion

This article describes a tool derived from the biopsychosocial model and the 4-quadrant ethical model. The authors describe the use of this tool in managing a patient who wishes to have fried chicken despite aspiration risk and how this tool was used to encourage discussions and reduce conflict and distress within the multidisciplinary team.
The Relation Between Early Parent Verb Input and Later Expressive Verb Vocabulary in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Crandall Madison C. , McDaniel Jena , Watson Linda R. , Yoder Paul J.
Published: May 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to evaluate if higher quantity, diversity, and grammatical informativeness of verb phrases in parent follow-in utterances (i.e., utterances that mapped onto child attentional leads) were significantly related to later expressive verb vocabulary in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD).

Method

We examined these associations in a sample of 31 toddlers with ASD and their parents in a longitudinal correlational study. Key aspects of parents' verb input were measured in 2 video-recorded 15-min parent–child free-play sessions. Child expressive verb vocabulary was measured using parent report.

Results

An aggregate variable composed of the quantity, diversity, and grammatical informativeness of parent verb input in follow-in utterances across the 2 parent–child sessions strongly and positively predicted later child expressive verb vocabulary, totalR2= .25, even when early child expressive verb vocabulary was controlled,R2change = .17. Parent follow-in utterances without verbs were not significantly related to later child expressive verb vocabulary,R2= .001.

Conclusions

These correlational findings are initial steps toward developing a knowledge base for how strong verb vocabulary skills might be facilitated in children with ASD.