bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Active Tin: An Efficient Reagent for Allylation Reaction of Carbonyl Compounds.
Authors: Sinha Arun Kumar , Sil Amit , Sasmal Anup Kumar , Pradhan Mukul , Pal Tarasankar
Published: July 2015

Homoallylic alcohols (III), (V) are obtained by allylation of the various substituted aldehydes or ketones using high purity Sn(0) as catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Propargylic Etherification of Propargylic Esters with Alcohols.
Authors: Nakajima Kazunari , Shibata Masashi , Nishibayashi Yoshiaki
Published: July 2015

A copper‐catalyzed enantioselective propargylic etherification of propargylic carbonates with simple alcohols and phenols is developed to provide propargylic ethers in good to excellent enantioselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium(II)‐Catalyzed Highly Enantioselective C—H Arylation of Cyclopropylmethylamines.
Authors: Chan Kelvin S. L. , Fu Hai‐Yan , Yu Jin‐Quan
Published: July 2015

The reaction conditions allow the preparation of a broad spectrum of cis‐configurated target compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Tricyclic Fused Pyrazoles with a ′Click′ 1,2,3‐Triazole Substituent in Position 3 are Nanomolar CB1 Receptor Ligands.
Authors: Zanato Chiara , Cascio Maria Grazia , Lazzari Paolo , Pertwee Roger , Testa Andrea , Zanda Matteo
Published: July 2015

Starting from 3‐bromo benzaldehyde, an eleven step synthesis of the substrate (I) is described which is further transformed to the title compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Tetrasubstituted Propargylamines from Cyclohexanone by Solvent‐Free Copper(II) Catalysis.
Authors: Palchak Zachary L. , Lussier Daniel J. , Pierce Conor J. , Larsen Catharine H.
Published: July 2015

Cu(II)‐catalyzed three‐component coupling of cyclohexanone with amines and alkynes produces tetrasubstituted propargylamines in good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Transition‐Metal‐Free Access to Primary Anilines from Boronic Acids and a Common +NH2 Equivalent.
Authors: Voth Samantha , Hollett Joshua W. , McCubbin J. Adam
Published: July 2015

The optimal conditions A) are elaborated for the amination process and applied to a broad spectrum of (highly) functionalized boronic acids.
ChemInform Abstract: Taming Chlorine Azide: Access to 1,2‐Azidochlorides from Alkenes.
Authors: Valiulin Roman A. , Mamidyala Sreeman , Finn M. G.
Published: July 2015

A biphasic media in the presence of olefinic compounds dissolved in the organic layer or in the absence of an organic layer avoids the formation of the explosive gaseous ClN3.
ChemInform Abstract: Visible Light‐Mediated Arylalkylation of Allylic Alcohols Through Concomitant 1,2‐Aryl Migration.
Authors: Huang Hong‐Li , Yan Hang , Yang Chao , Xia Wujiong
Published: July 2015

The title reaction provides the synthesis of α‐aryl‐β‐alkylated ketones via 1,2‐aryl migration from aryl allylic alcohols.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper Catalyzed Amidation of Aryl Halides Through Chelation Assistance.
Authors: Kathiravan Subban , Ghosh Shishir , Hogarth Graeme , Nicholls Ian A.
Published: July 2015

A new general and straightforward chelation‐assisted, copper‐mediated amidation of weakly activated arylbromides with 8‐aminoquinoline derivatives is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Nickel‐Catalyzed Direct Thioetherification of β‐C(sp3)—H Bonds of Aliphatic Amides.
Authors: Lin Cong , Yu Wenlong , Yao Jinzhong , Wang Bingjie , Liu Zhanxiang , Zhang Yuhong
Published: July 2015

A simple procedure is elaborated for the nickel‐catalyzed aminoquinolinyl‐assisted thioetherification of propioamides (I) and (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: Electron‐Deficient Heteroarenium Salts: An Organocatalytic Tool for Activation of Hydrogen Peroxide in Oxidations.
Authors: Sturala Jiri , Bohacova Sona , Chudoba Josef , Metelkova Radka , Cibulka Radek
Published: July 2015

A broad spectrum of mono‐ and disubstituted heteroarenium salts, mostly as triflates, is prepared and tested in a sulfoxidation process.
ChemInform Abstract: Four‐Component Reaction Leading to Highly Functionalized Sulfoalkoxy Carbonyl Compounds.
Authors: Sohail Muhammad , Zhang Yixin , Sun Guangwei , Guo Xin , Liu Wujun , Liu Chang , Zhao Zongbao K.
Published: July 2015

A facile regio‐ and diastereoselective four‐component reaction of α,β‐unsaturated carbonyl compounds, a cyclic ether, a sulfonic acid, and a halogen reagent is developed under mild conditions to access α‐bromo‐β‐sulfoalkoxyl carbonyl derivatives with excellent trans‐selectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: A Metal‐Free and Recyclable Synthesis of Benzothiazoles Using Thiourea as a Sulfur Surrogate.
Authors: Yin Yan , Zhou Hong , Liu Xichen , Chen Haiying , Wu Fanhong , Zhang Heng , Tao Ruiheng , Cheng Fengkai , Feng Yangbo
Published: July 2015

Treatment of substrates (I) with thiourea and TFA gives benzothiazoles (IV) and TFA salts (V).
ChemInform Abstract: H6P2W18O62/Nanoclinoptilolite as an Efficient Nanohybrid Catalyst in the Cyclotrimerization of Aryl Methyl Ketones under Solvent‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Tayebee R. , Jarrahi M.
Published: July 2015

A newly synthesized heterogeneous nanohybrid material is applied in the synthesis of various 1,3,5‐triaryl benzenes (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Derivatives of α,α‐Aryl Naphthalimide Nitriles as Fluoride Ion Sensors: Convenient Precursors for the Synthesis of Aryl Naphthalimide Ketones.
Authors: Chen Jinju , Liu Chuanxiang , Guan Fengjie , Zhang Chuanxiu , Ji Kai , Wang Xinyu , Xu Min , Wu Fanhong
Published: July 2015

α,α‐Aryl naphthalimide nitriles (III) are efficiently obtained by a SNAr procedure involving the displacement of activated naphthalimide bromides (I) with the anions of substituted aryl acetonitriles (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Dibenzo[b,d]furans Through One‐Pot Cascade Reactions of 1‐Arylpenta‐3,4‐dien‐2‐ones with Activated Ketones.
Authors: He Yan , Guo Shenghai , Zhang Xinying , Guo Chenhao , Fan Xuesen
Published: July 2015

Functionalized dibenzo[b,d]furans are successfully obtained through a new cascade process including Michael addition, intramolecular aldol condensation, and copper‐catalyzed C—H activation.
ChemInform Abstract: Diastereoselective Synthesis of Substituted Tetrahydrothiophenes and ‐thiopyrans via Thia‐Prins Cyclization Reaction.
Authors: Borah Madhurjya , Gogoi Paramartha , Indukuri Kiran , Saikia Anil K.
Published: July 2015

Thioacrylates are used as starting materials in the highly diastereoselective title reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Cocamidopropyl Betaine Catalyzed Benzoin Condensation and Pseudo‐Four‐Component Reaction of the in situ Formed Benzoin in Water.
Authors: Tamaddon Fatemeh , Alizadeh Masoomeh
Published: July 2015

The zwitterionic surfactant catalyzed synthesis of tetrasubstituted pyrroles (IV) via the generation of benzoins (II) from aldehydes (I) and their condensation with 1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds (III) is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Ruthenium‐Catalyzed C—C Coupling of Amino Alcohols with Dienes via Transfer Hydrogenation: Redox‐Triggered Imine Addition and Related Hydroaminoalkylations.
Authors: Chen Te‐Yu , Tsutsumi Ryosuke , Montgomery T. Patrick , Volchkov Ivan , Krische Michael J.
Published: July 2015

4‐Aminobutanol (II) and some related amino alcohols such as (X) can be used in the title reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Brucine Diol—Copper‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Synthesis of endo‐Pyrrolidines: The Mechanistic Dichotomy of Imino Esters.
Authors: Li Jian‐Yuan , Kim Hun Young , Oh Kyungsoo
Published: July 2015

A concerted pathway for the endo‐selective [3 + 2]‐cycloaddition of methyl imino ester with nitroalkenes is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: An Organocatalytic Mannich/Denitration Reaction for the Asymmetric Synthesis of 3‐Ethylacetate‐Substitued 3‐Amino‐2‐oxindoles: Formal Synthesis of AG‐041R.
Authors: Zhao Kun , Shu Tao , Jia Jiaqi , Raabe Gerhard , Enders Dieter
Published: July 2015

A variety of title compounds is available with moderate to good yields and excellent enantioselectivity as intermediates of pyrroloindoline alkaloids.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Direct 2,2,2‐Trifluoroethylation of Indoles via C—H Functionalization.
Authors: Tolnai Gergely L. , Szekely Anna , Mako Zita , Gati Tamas , Daru Janos , Bihari Tamas , Stirling Andras , Novak Zoltan
Published: July 2015

If 3‐methylindole is used as starting material, formation of any trifluoroethylated product is not observed.
ChemInform Abstract: Cascade Arylalkylation of Activated Alkenes: Synthesis of Chloro‐ and Cyano‐Containing Oxindoles.
Authors: Li Xueqin , Xu Jian , Gao Yuzhen , Fang Hua , Tang Guo , Zhao Yufen
Published: July 2015

The oxidative cyclization is carried out in dichloromethane or acetonitrile to produce the desired oxindole structures bearing a functionalized side chain at position 3.
ChemInform Abstract: Gold‐Catalyzed Multiple Cascade Reaction of 2‐Alkynylphenylazides with Propargyl Alcohols.
Authors: Li Nan , Wang Tian‐Yi , Gong Liu‐Zhu , Zhang Liming
Published: July 2015

The title reaction allows the step‐economical synthesis of pyrroloindolone derivatives, such as (III), (VI), and (VIII), with a wide range of structural diversity.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper(I)‐Promoted Trifluoromethylation of Indole Derivates with Concomitant C—C Bond Formation to Access Fused Tricyclic Indoles.
Authors: Zhu Huiming , Liu Huanlong , Feng Xiaolong , Guo Ruixia , Chen Xueyan , Pan Zhenhua , Zhang Lantong
Published: July 2015

The trifluoromethylation/cyclization sequence exhibits excellent functional‐group tolerance to provide functionalized fused tricyclic indole derivatives in good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: I2—DMSO—PTSA: A Simple and Metal Free Oxidative Cross Coupling of Imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridines and Methylketones.
Authors: Chennapuram Madhu , Emmadi Narender Reddy , Bingi Chiranjeevi , Atmakur Krishnaiah
Published: July 2015

Various aryl(phenylimidazo[1,2‐a]pyridinyl)ethanediones are selectively obtained with a new C—C bond formation via Kornblum oxidation followed by nucleophilic attack of a imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridine on the in situ generated phenylglyoxal.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Direct Amination of Benzoxazoles Using Primary Amines as Nitrogen Sources.
Authors: Gu Jian , Cai Chun
Published: July 2015

A variety of substituted aminobenzoxazoles is efficiently and smoothly obtained by direct C—H amination of benzoxazoles with primary amines through copper‐catalyzed C—H bond activation using tBuOOH as oxidant.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Azide Formation via Diazotransfer Reaction in a Copper Tube Flow Reactor.
Authors: Nuyts Koen , Ceulemans Matthias , Parac‐Vogt Tatjana N. , Bultynck Geert , De Borggraeve Wim M.
Published: July 2015

The conversion of primary amines into organic azides using AZS as the azide source is catalyzed by copper from the copper tube flow reactor.
ChemInform Abstract: A Straightforward and Versatile Approach to the Synthesis of 1,4,5‐Trisubstituted 1,2,3‐Triazoles from Alkyl Halides via a One‐Pot, Three‐Component Reaction.
Authors: Gonzalez‐Calderon Davir , Aguirre‐De Paz Jose G. , Gonzalez‐Gonzalez Carlos A. , Fuentes‐Benites Aydee , Gonzalez‐Romero Carlos
Published: July 2015

A convenient one‐pot procedure for the [3 + 2] cycloaddition reaction of in situ generated organic azides with enolates to produce triazoles in good yields is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Synthesis of 5‐Amino‐1,2,3‐triazole‐4‐carboxylates for Triazole‐Based Scaffolds: Beyond the Dimroth Rearrangement.
Authors: Ferrini Serena , Chandanshive Jay Zumbar , Lena Stefano , Comes Franchini Mauro , Giannini Giuseppe , Tafi Andrea , Taddei Maurizio
Published: July 2015

Some N‐Boc ynamides bearing a terminal ester or aryl group are treated with azides to produce the desired triazoles with complete regiocontrol.
ChemInform Abstract: Supramolecular Catalysis in the Synthesis of Substituted 1H‐Tetrazoles from Isonitriles by a Self‐Assembled Hexameric Capsule.
Authors: Giust Sonia , La Sorella Giorgio , Sperni Laura , Fabris Fabrizio , Strukul Giorgio , Scarso Alessandro
Published: July 2015

The synthesis of substituted 1H‐tetrazoles from aliphatic or aromatic isonitriles and trimethylsilyl azide can be efficiently promoted by the hexameric capsule of resorcin[4]arene as a supramolecular self‐assembled catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Triflic Acid Mediated Cascade Cyclization of Aryldiynes for the Synthesis of Indeno[1,2‐c]chromenes: Application to Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells.
Authors: Jin Tienan , et al.
Published: July 2015

Substrates bearing an ortho‐anisole substituent are transformed to the heterocyclic title scaffold in the presence of TfOH (mechanism).
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Oxidative Carbamoylation of Isoquinoline N‐Oxides with Formylamides by Means of Dual C—H Oxidative Coupling.
Authors: Yao Bo , Deng Chen‐Liang , Liu Yan , Tang Ri‐Yuan , Zhang Xing‐Guo , Li Jin‐Heng
Published: July 2015

The first examples for the carbamoylation of isoquinoline N‐oxides with formylamides furnishing isoquinoline‐1‐carboxamides such as (III) and (V) in moderate to good yields are given.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Mediated Synthesis of Pyrazolo[1,5‐a]pyridines Through Oxidative Linkage of C—C/N—N Bonds.
Authors: Mohan Darapaneni Chandra , Ravi Chitrakar , Rao Sadu Nageswara , Adimurthy Subbarayappa
Published: July 2015

Pyrazolopyridinecarboxylates are furnished under mild conditions from commercially available pyridyl ester and benzonitriles.
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Hydrogenation of Indolizines: An Expeditious Approach to Derive Tetrahydroindolizines and Indolizidines from Morita—Baylis—Hillman Adducts.
Authors: Teodoro Bruno V. M. , Correia Jose Tiago M. , Coelho Fernando
Published: July 2015

The starting adducts are prepared according to a literature procedure and cyclized to the required indolizine substrates following an optimized procedure [cf.
ChemInform Abstract: A One‐Pot, Catalyst‐Free Synthesis of Novel 2‐Thioxo‐Tetrahydropyrimidine Derivatives via the Three‐Component Reaction of Alkyl Chloroglyoxalates, Alkyl Isocyanides, and Thioureas.
Authors: Moradi Loghman , Bahrami Chonor , Mirzaei Anvar , Zarehbin Mohammad Rezgar , Yavari Issa
Published: July 2015

The reaction between alkyl isocyanides, ethyl chloroglyoxalate, and thiourea derivatives provides a simple one‐pot approach for the synthesis of novel thioxopyrimidine derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper(I) Carboxylate Catalyzed C—N Coupling of 2‐Amino Pyrimidines with Aryl Halides to Selectively Generate Secondary and Tertiary Amines.
Authors: Zhang Yue , Quan Zheng‐Jun , Gong Hai‐Peng , Da Yu‐Xia , Zhang Zhang , Wang Xi‐Cun
Published: July 2015

It is found that potassium phosphate used as base favors the formation of secondary amines (III), (VI), whereas tertiary amines (IV),(VII) are obtained when tBuONa is used.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient One‐Pot Synthesis of 2‐Bromo‐6‐aryl[5H]pyrrolo[2,3‐b]pyrazines.
Authors: Simpson Iain , St‐Gallay Steve A. , Stokes Stephen , Whittaker David T. E. , Wiewiora Rafal
Published: July 2015

A new two step one‐pot method for the synthesis of the title compounds is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Selective Functionalization of [1,2,4]Triazolo‐[4,3‐a]pyrazines.
Authors: Demmer Charles S. , Joergensen Morten , Kehler Jan , Bunch Lennart , Rasmussen Lars K.
Published: July 2015

A short synthesis of 8‐chloro[1,2,4]triazolo‐[4,3‐a]pyrazines (III) using a two‐step, one‐pot oxidative cyclization method is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: anti‐Selective Vicinal Silaboration and Diboration of Alkynoates Through Phosphine Organocatalysis.
Authors: Nagao Kazunori , Ohmiya Hirohisa , Sawamura Masaya
Published: July 2015

The formed E‐borylsilyl olefines are further functionalized by palladium catalyzed coupling reactions.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Radical Cascade Cyclization for the Synthesis of Phosphorated Indolines.
Authors: Zhang Hong‐Yu , Mao Liu‐Liang , Yang Bin , Yang Shang‐Dong
Published: July 2015

Title compounds (III) and (V) are prepared by a Cu‐catalyzed amino‐phosphorous difunctionalization via cascade cyclization.
ChemInform Abstract: Arylation of Allylphosphonates and Application to the Preparation of Phosphonomethyl‐Coumarin, ‐Quinolinone and ‐Benzoxepinone Skeletons.
Authors: Abdelli Abderrahmen , Gaucher Anne , Efrit Mohamed Lotfi , M'rabet Hedi , Prim Damien
Published: July 2015

The Pd‐catalyzed arylation of ester (II) followed by intramolecular cyclization of arylallylphosphonate intermediates affords the title compounds in a one‐pot manner.
ChemInform Abstract: The Catalytic Aerobic Synthesis of Quaternary α‐Hydroxy Phosphonates via Direct Hydroxylation of Phosphonate Compounds.
Authors: Gu Lijun , Jin Cheng , Zhang Hongtao
Published: July 2015

Molecular oxygen as an environmentally friendly oxidant is employed.
ChemInform Abstract: C—P Bond‐Forming Reactions via C—O/P—H Cross‐Coupling Catalyzed by Nickel.
Authors: Yang Jia , Chen Tieqiao , Han Li‐Biao
Published: July 2015

An efficient strategy is developed which allows the preparation of various types of phosphorus compounds from pivalates and different P—H reagents.
ChemInform Abstract: Noble Synthesis of Xanthene‐Based Dyes by Copper‐Catalyzed Azide—Alkyne Cycloaddition Reaction.
Authors: Shin Dong Geun , Kim Min Xoung , Yi Whikun , Han Jin Wook
Published: July 2015

A new type of small organic dyes based on the xanthene skeleton are synthesized evaluated for their absorbance and fluorescence properties.
ChemInform Abstract: New Clerodane Diterpenoids from the Twigs and Leaves of Croton euryphyllus
Authors: Pan Zhenghong , Ning Desheng , Wu Xingde , Huang Sisi , Li Dianpeng , Lv Shihong
Published: July 2015

isolation and structure elucidation of three new clerodane diterpenoids (I)‐(III)
ChemInform Abstract: α‐Glucosidase Inhibitory Monoacylated Polyhydroxytriterpenoids from the Fruits of Barringtonia racemosa.
Authors: Ponnapalli Mangala Gowri , Sukki Sushma , Annam S. CH. V. Appa Rao , Ankireddy Madhu , Tirunagari Harini , Tuniki V. Raju , Bobbili V. V. Pardhasaradhi
Published: July 2015

Monoacylated polyhydroxy triterpenoids racemosol C (I) and racemosol D (II) encountered in this study are unusual and exhibit excellent α‐glucosidase inhibition and moderate cytotoxicity.
ChemInform Abstract: Applanatumin A, a New Dimeric Meroterpenoid from Ganoderma applanatum that Displays Potent Antifibrotic Activity.
Authors: Luo Qi , Di Lei , Dai Wei‐Feng , Lu Qing , Yan Yong‐Ming , Yang Zhu‐Liang , Li Rong‐Tao , Cheng Yong‐Xian
Published: July 2015

The title compound inhibits fibrogenic action of TGF‐β1 in human renal proximal tubular cells and selectively blocks TGF‐β1‐mediated Smad2 and Smad3 phosphorylation in a dose‐dependent manner.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Studies of Alkaloids Containing Pyrrolidine and Piperidine Structural Motifs
Authors: Bhat Chinmay
Published: July 2015

Thesis Treasury, full thesis is available as Supporting Information
ChemInform Abstract: Steering Charge Kinetics in Photocatalysis: Intersection of Materials Syntheses, Characterization Techniques and Theoretical Simulations
Authors: Bai Song , Jiang Jun , Zhang Qun , Xiong Yujie
Published: July 2015

Review: 220 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Promising Heterogeneous Catalytic Systems Based on Metal Fluorides and Oxide Hydroxide Fluorides: A Short Review
Authors: Celerier Stephane , Richard Frederic
Published: July 2015

Review: 35 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral Benzimidazoles as Hydrogen Bonding Organocatalysts
Authors: Najera Carmen , Yus Miguel
Published: July 2015

Review: [41 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: New Phenomena in Organometallic‐Mediated Radical Polymerization (OMRP) and Perspectives for Control of Less Active Monomers
Authors: Poli Rinaldo
Published: July 2015

Review: [60 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Poly(phosphoester)s: A New Platform for Degradable Polymers
Authors: Steinbach Tobias , Wurm Frederik R.
Published: July 2015

Review: [77 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Mesostructured Zeolites: Bridging the Gap Between Zeolites and MCM‐41
Authors: Prasomsri Teerawit , Jiao Wenqian , Weng Steve Z. , Garcia Martinez Javier
Published: July 2015

Review: 94 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Photocatalytic C—H Activation by Hydrogen‐Atom Transfer in Synthesis
Authors: Protti Stefano , Fagnoni Maurizio , Ravelli Davide
Published: July 2015

Review: [42 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Strategies for Synthesizing Non‐bioaccumulable Alternatives to PFOA and PFOS
Authors: Sha Min , Xing Ping , Jiang Biao
Published: July 2015

Review: presentation of various strategies for the synthesis of highly (per)fluorinated surfactants as novel alternatives to perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulphonate (PFOS); 64 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Approaches and Total Syntheses of Vinigrol, a Unique Diterpenoid
Authors: Draghici Cristian , Njardarson Jon T.
Published: July 2015

Review: [30 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemical Modification of Tannins to Elaborate Aromatic Biobased Macromolecular Architectures
Authors: Arbenz Alice , Averous Luc
Published: July 2015

Review: 200 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: CO2 Methanation over Heterogeneous Catalysts: Recent Progress and Future Prospects
Authors: Aziz M. A. A. , Jalil A. A. , Triwahyono S. , Ahmad A.
Published: July 2015

Review: 102 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in Dialkyl Carbonates Synthesis and Applications
Authors: Huang Shouying , Yan Bing , Wang Shengping , Ma Xinbin
Published: July 2015

Review: recent advances in the synthesis and applications of dialkyl carbonates, with focus on the catalyst rational design, catalytic mechanism, and process intensification in the CO and CO2 routes; 433 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Development in N‐Auxilixary‐Assisted Intramolecular Amination for Amine Substrates
Authors: Wang Chao , Han Jian , Zhao Yingsheng
Published: July 2015

Review: [32 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Zinc Tetrafluoroborate: A Versatile and Robust Catalyst for Various Organic Reactions and Transformations
Authors: Sarkar Anirban , Santra Sougata , Kundu Shrishnu Kumar , Ghosal Nirnita Chakraborty , Hajra Alakananda , Majee Adinath
Published: July 2015

Review: [27 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral Cyclopentadienyls: Enabling Ligands for Asymmetric Rh(III)‐Catalyzed C—H Functionalizations
Authors: Ye Baihua , Cramer Nicolai
Published: July 2015

Review: 50 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Glycerol Oxidation Using Gold‐Containing Catalysts
Authors: Villa Alberto , Dimitratos Nikolaos , Chan‐Thaw Carine E. , Hammond Ceri , Prati Laura , Hutchings Graham J.
Published: July 2015

Review: 38 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Nickel Catalysis: Synergy Between Method Development and Total Synthesis
Authors: Standley Eric A. , Tasker Sarah Z. , Jensen Kim L. , Jamison Timothy F.
Published: July 2015

Review: 51 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Iron Catalysis in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Bauer Ingmar , Knoelker Hans‐Joachim
Published: July 2015

Review: 1652 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Click Chemistry and Anticancer Properties of 1,2,3‐Triazoles
Authors: Dar Mukhtar Ahmad , Shrivastava Sarita , Iqbal Prince Firdoos
Published: July 2015

Review: 79 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Atherton‐Todd Reaction: Mechanism, Scope and Applications
Authors: Le Corre Stephanie S. , Berchel Mathieu , Couthon‐Gourves Helene , Haelters Jean‐Pierre , Jaffres Paul‐Alain
Published: July 2015

Review: 146 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Stille Reaction, 38 Years Later
Authors: Cordovilla Carlos , Bartolome Camino , Martinez‐Ilarduya Jesus Ma , Espinet Pablo
Published: July 2015

Review: 145 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Diversity‐Oriented Approaches to Polycyclics and Bioinspired Molecules via the Diels—Alder Strategy: Green Chemistry, Synthetic Economy, and Beyond
Authors: Kotha Sambasivarao , Chavan Arjun S. , Goyal Deepti
Published: July 2015

Review: 288 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Tale of RNA G‐Quadruplex
Authors: Agarwala Prachi , Pandey Satyaprakash , Maiti Souvik
Published: July 2015

Review: 195 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: New Insights into the Microbial Degradation of Polyurethanes
Authors: Mahajan Neha , Gupta Pankaj
Published: July 2015

Review: [129 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Chemistry and Bioactivity of Southern African Flora. Part 1. A Bioactivity versus Ethnobotanical Survey of Alkaloid and Terpenoid Classes
Authors: Babiaka Smith B. , Ntie‐Kang Fidele , Lifongo Lydia L. , Ndingkokhar Bakoh , Mbah James A. , Yong Joseph N.
Published: July 2015

Review: [210 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Antivitamins for Medicinal Applications
Authors: Zelder Felix , Sonnay Marjorie , Prieto Lucas
Published: July 2015

Review: 152 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Corrosion Chemistry and Protection of Zinc & Zinc Alloys by Polymer‐Containing Materials for Potential Use in Rechargeable Aqueous Batteries
Authors: Hoang Tuan K. A. , Doan The Nam Long , Sun Kyung Eun Kate , Chen P.
Published: July 2015

Review: 98 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Opportunities for Greener Alternatives in Chemical Formulations
Authors: Jessop P. G. , et al.
Published: July 2015

Review: 166 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Water Soluble Polyhydroxyalkanoates: Future Materials for Therapeutic Applications
Authors: Li Zibiao , Loh Xian Jun
Published: July 2015

Review: 50 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Determinants of Optimal Aerobic Bioreactor Landfilling for the Treatment of the Organic Fraction of Municipal Waste
Authors: Hashisho Jihan , El‐Fadel Mutasem
Published: July 2015

Review: 85 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Hydrothermal Liquefaction for Algal Biorefinery: A Critical Review
Authors: Tian Chunyan , Li Baoming , Liu Zhidan , Zhang Yuanhui , Lu Haifeng
Published: July 2015

Review: 166 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Van der Waals Dispersion Interactions in Molecular Materials: Beyond Pairwise Additivity
Authors: Reilly Anthony M. , Tkatchenko Alexandre
Published: July 2015

Review: [115 refs.
Remediation Techniques for Heavy‐Metals Contamination in Lakes: A Mini‐Review
Authors: Giripunje Manisha D. , Fulke Abhay B. , Meshram Pravin U.
Published: July 2015

Heavy‐metals contamination in lakes has a negative impact on lake ecosystems. This review provides an insight into possible heavy‐metals remediation techniques for lake environments using different techniques, for example, physical, chemical, and biological methods. As a result of the non‐uniform and complex nature of lakes, the selection of the most suitable the heavy‐metals removal technique is a difficult task. Among these processes, biological processes are efficient to remove heavy metals and convert them into simpler forms. Biological remediation techniques are the most suitable for lakes with low levels of contamination and include processing by bioadsorbents such as plants, algae, fungi, and micro‐organisms. Physical and chemical remediation of heavy metals are expensive but show fast results. The combination of all remediation techniques increases the efficiency of the removal of heavy metals and improves overall lake performance. The development of remediation techniques is necessary for lakes in future.
Cooling crystallization of aluminum sulfate in pure water modulated by sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate
Authors: Sun Xiaoxue , Sun Yuzhu , Yu Jianguo
Published: July 2015

This study investigated the cooling crystallization of aluminum sulfate to explore the basic data for the recovery of aluminum resources from coal spoil.

Cooling crystallization process of aluminum sulfate with sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (SDBS) was investigated experimentally. The effects of operating conditions, namely rotate speed and cooling rate on the crystal size (Median diameter, D0.5) were studied. Based on single factor experimental results, the response surface method (RSM) with a Box–Behnken design (BBD) was used to determine the key operating conditions, from which a predictive equation was established to quantitatively describe the relationships of D0.5 and there relative parameters. The optimum operating conditions for cooling crystallization of aluminum sulfate were as follows: rotate speed of 200–300 rpm, cooling rate of 4–5 °C /min and n (SDBS)/n (Al2(SO4)3) of around 5E‐4.

Molecular dynamics (MD) results reveal that SDBS decreases the diffusion coefficient (D) of Al3+ molecules, which inhibits nucleation and promotes crystal growth.
Thromboembolic risk stratification of patients hospitalized with heart failure in sinus rhythm: a nationwide cohort study
Authors: Wolsk Emil , Lamberts Morten , Hansen Morten L. , Blanche Paul , Køber Lars , Torp‐Pedersen Christian , Lip Gregory Y. H. , Gislason Gunnar
Published: July 2015

Aims

Patients with heart failure in sinus rhythm are at an increased risk of thromboembolic complications. So far, validated risk stratification tools are lacking for such patients, which makes the decision to initiate anti‐thrombotic treatment difficult.

Methods and results

We included 136 545 patients admitted with heart failure in sinus rhythm from national registries from 1999 to 2012. Patients receiving oral anticoagulants were omitted from the study. First, we investigated if the CHA2DS2‐VASc score could identify heart failure patients in sinus rhythm with high rates of thromboembolic complications. Second, we investigated if any single CHA2DS2‐VASc risk factor carried a greater prognostic value with regard to thromboembolism. The risk of thromboembolism increased more than ninefold (hazard ratio 9.2, 95% confidence interval 6.8–12.5) in patients with all CHA2DS2‐VASc risk factors compared with those with heart failure alone. The incidence rates of thromboembolism were clinically significant, averaging 6.0 (95% confidence interval 5.98–6.02) events per 100 patient years during the first year following diagnosis. Risk factors such as diabetes, age, vascular disease, and especially previous thromboembolism, conferred an independent risk of future thromboembolism.

Conclusion

The CHA2DS2‐VASc risk stratification scheme was able to provide prognostic information on future thromboembolic events in patients with heart failure in sinus rhythm. The CHA2DS2‐VASc scale could be easily implemented as an aid to clinicians in risk stratifying heart failure patients in sinus rhythm, for thromboembolism.
Synthesis of Stable Magnetic Polyaniline Nanohybrids with Pyrene as a Cross‐Linker for Simultaneous Diagnosis by Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Photothermal Therapy
Authors: Lee Taeksu , Bang Doyeon , Park Yeonji , Chang Young Wook , Kang Byunghoon , Kim Jinyoung , Suh Jin‐Suck , Huh Yong‐Min , Haam Seungjoo
Published: July 2015

We have developed pyrene‐modified magnetic polyaniline nanoparticles (MPANs), a hybridization of MnFe2O4 magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) and polyaniline (PANI) with pyrene as a cross‐linker, for diagnosis by simultaneous magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and photothermal therapy. In general, the strong affinity between PANI molecules, owing to interchain hydrogen bonding and the π–π interactions mediated by their aromatic composition, hinders the successful synthesis of complexes of PANI with inorganic materials. To overcome this obstacle, we used pyrene as a cross‐linker to synthesize a stable complex of PANI with MNPs. We first modified the hydrophobic MNPs with pyrene through a hydrophobic interaction and then formed a complex with PANI. The pyrene‐induced π–π interactions between the pyrene molecules on the MNPs and PANI reduced the affinity between the PANI molecules, and the strong affinity between the PANI molecules and MNPs rendered stable nanocomplexes of MPANs. Finally, Cetuximab‐conjugated MPANs were fully tested for simultaneous diagnosis by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) from superparamagnetic MnFe2O4 and photothermal ablation therapy from the near‐infrared absorbing characteristics of PANI in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) overexpressed cancer cells (A‐431 cells) in vitro.
Probing Solid‐State Breathing and Structural Transformations in a Series of Silver(I) Porous Coordination Polymers
Authors: Bloch Witold M. , Sumby Christopher J.
Published: July 2015

Key observations of the role anions and solvents play in the solid‐state flexibility of a series of isostructural silver(I) porous coordination polymers (PCPs) are reported. Building upon earlier results for the perchlorate salt, the structural transformations of two new analogues of a 3D PCP [Ag(dpzm)]X (1) (dpzm = 2,2′‐dipyrazinylmethane; X = PF6, ClO4, BF4), which contain either PF6 (1a) or BF4 (1c) counterions, are investigated. These materials undergo a remarkable guest‐induced single‐crystal to single‐crystal (SC‐SC) solid‐state contraction and expansion, which is accurately elucidated by X‐ray crystallography. The extent of breathing for PCPs 1a–1c is shown to relate to the type of anion contained within their 3D structures and the nature of the solvent guest. Using X‐ray diffraction, further light is shed on structural transformations that take place upon desolvation for this group of materials. These investigations reveal that, while the as‐synthesised forms (containing DMSO) undergo a transformation (porous 3D to close‐packed 3D; porous 3D to 2D) upon desolvation, the solvent‐exchanged forms are more stable.
The Dual Reactivity of 5‐S/5‐O‐Phenyl‐1,4,2‐oxathiazoles: A Fragmentation Pathway That Affords Nitriles in the Presence of Water
Authors: Lim Yi Wee , Hewitt Russell J. , Burkett Brendan A.
Published: July 2015

The rearrangement of substituted 1,4,2‐oxathiazoles to nitriles in the presence of water is described. Preliminary investigations suggest that the reaction pathway proceeds via a 1,4,2‐oxathiazolium intermediate, followed by trapping with water and subsequent decomposition to products.
The influence of mild carbon dioxide on brain functional homotopy using resting‐state fMRI
Authors: Marshall Olga , Uh Jinsoo , Lurie Daniel , Lu Hanzhang , Milham Michael P. , Ge Yulin
Published: July 2015

Homotopy reflects the intrinsic functional architecture of the brain through synchronized spontaneous activity between corresponding bilateral regions, measured as voxel mirrored homotopic connectivity (VMHC). Hypercapnia is known to have clear impact on brain hemodynamics through vasodilation, but have unclear effect on neuronal activity. This study investigates the effect of hypercapnia on brain homotopy, achieved by breathing 5% carbon dioxide (CO2) gas mixture. A total of 14 healthy volunteers completed three resting state functional MRI (RS‐fMRI) scans, the first and third under normocapnia and the second under hypercapnia. VMHC measures were calculated as the correlation between the BOLD signal of each voxel and its counterpart in the opposite hemisphere. Group analysis was performed between the hypercapnic and normocapnic VMHC maps. VMHC showed a diffused decrease in response to hypercapnia. Significant regional decreases in VMHC were observed in all anatomical lobes, except for the occipital lobe, in the following functional hierarchical subdivisions: the primary sensory‐motor, unimodal, heteromodal, paralimbic, as well as in the following functional networks: ventral attention, somatomotor, default frontoparietal, and dorsal attention. Our observation that brain homotopy in RS‐fMRI is affected by arterial CO2 levels suggests that caution should be used when comparing RS‐fMRI data between healthy controls and patients with pulmonary diseases and unusual respiratory patterns such as sleep apnea or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Hum Brain Mapp 36:3912–3921, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The effects of study task on prestimulus subsequent memory effects in the hippocampus
Authors: de Chastelaine Marianne , Rugg Michael D.
Published: July 2015

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was employed to examine the effects of a study task manipulation on pre‐stimulus activity in the hippocampus predictive of later successful recollection. Eighteen young participants were scanned while making either animacy or syllable judgments on visually presented study words. Cues presented before each word denoted which judgment should be made. Following the study phase, a surprise recognition memory test was administered in which each test item had to be endorsed as “Remembered,” “Known,” or “New.” As expected, “deep” animacy judgments led to better memory for study items than did “shallow” syllable judgments. In both study tasks, pre‐stimulus subsequent recollection effects were evident in the interval between the cue and the study item in bilateral anterior hippocampus. However, the direction of the effects differed according to the study task: whereas pre‐stimulus hippocampal activity on animacy trials was greater for later recollected items than items judged old on the basis of familiarity (replicating prior findings), these effects reversed for syllable trials. We propose that the direction of pre‐stimulus hippocampal subsequent memory effects depends on whether an optimal pre‐stimulus task set facilitates study processing that is conducive or unconducive to the formation of contextually rich episodic memories. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Body iron status and gastric cancer risk in the EURGAST study
Authors: Fonseca‐Nunes Ana , Agudo Antonio , Aranda Núria , Arija Victoria , Cross Amanda J. , Molina Esther , Sanchez Maria Jose , Bueno‐de‐Mesquita H. B(as) , Siersema Peter , Weiderpass Elisabete , Krogh Vittorio , Mattiello Amalia , Tumino Rosario , Saieva Calogero , Naccarati Alessio , Ohlsson Bodil , Sjöberg Klas , Boutron‐Ruault Marie‐Christine , Cadeau Claire , Fagherazzi Guy , Boeing Heiner , Steffen Annika , Kühn Tilman , Katzke Verena , Tjønneland Anne , Olsen Anja , Khaw Kay‐Tee , Wareham Nick , Key Tim , Lu Yunxia , Riboli Elio , Peeters Petra H. , Gavrila Diana , Dorronsoro Miren , Quirós José Ramón , Barricarte Aurelio , Jenab Mazda , Zamora‐Ros Raúl , Freisling Heinz , Trichopoulou Antonia , Lagiou Pagona , Bamia Christina , Jakszyn Paula
Published: July 2015

Although it appears biologically plausible for iron to be associated with gastric carcinogenesis, the evidence is insufficient to lead to any conclusions. To further investigate the relationship between body iron status and gastric cancer risk, we conducted a nested case–control study in the multicentric European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study. The study included 456 primary incident gastric adenocarcinoma cases and 900 matched controls that occurred during an average of 11 years of follow‐up. We measured prediagnostic serum iron, ferritin, transferrin and C‐reactive protein, and further estimated total iron‐binding capacity (TIBC) and transferrin saturation (TS). Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the risk of gastric cancer by iron metrics were estimated from multivariable conditional logistic regression models. After adjusting for relevant confounders, we observed a statistically significant inverse association between gastric cancer and ferritin and TS indices (ORlog2 = 0.80, 95% CI = 0.72–0.88; OR10%increment = 0.87, 95% CI = 0.78–0.97, respectively). These associations appear to be restricted to noncardia gastric cancer (ferritin showed a p for heterogeneity = 0.04 and TS had a p for heterogeneity = 0.02), and no differences were found by histological type. TIBC increased risk of overall gastric cancer (OR50 µg/dl = 1.13, 95% CI = 1.02–1.2) and also with noncardia gastric cancer (p for heterogeneity = 0.04). Additional analysis suggests that time between blood draw and gastric cancer diagnosis could modify these findings. In conclusion, our results showed a decreased risk of gastric cancer related to higher body iron stores as measured by serum iron and ferritin. Further investigation is needed to clarify the role of iron in gastric carcinogenesis.
Neuroprotective effects of α‐melanocyte‐stimulating hormone against the neurotoxicity of 1‐methyl‐4‐phenylpyridinium
Authors: Peng Tao , Wang Jingtao , Lu Jingjing , Lu Hong , Teng Junfang , Jia Yanjie
Published: July 2015

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease in humans. The hormone α‐melanocyte‐stimulating hormone (α‐MSH) has been reported to be neuroprotective in previous studies. The aim of this study is to investigate the neuroprotective effects of α‐MSH against the neurotoxicity of 1‐methyl‐4‐phenylpyridinium (MPP+). Our results indicated that treatment with α‐MSH in M17 cells attenuated MPP+‐induced oxidative stress, embodied by exacerbated reactive oxygen species and protein carbonyls. In addition, we found that α‐MSH could improve mitochondrial function in M17 cells through increasing the level of adenosine triphosphate and mitochondrial membrane potential. Furthermore, treatment with α‐MSH restored the reduction of cell viability and the induction of lactate dehydrogenase release induced by α‐MSH. Importantly, Hoechst staining results indicated that α‐MSH treatment significantly reduces the number of apoptotic cells after treatment with MPP+. Mechanically, we found that α‐MSH prevented apoptosis signals through reducing the level of cleaved caspase‐3 and attenuating cytochrome c release. All these data imply that α‐MSH produces a protective effect in PD. © 2015 IUBMB Life, 69(5):315–320, 2017
Remineralization of demineralized bone matrix in critical size cranial defects in rats: A 6‐month follow‐up study
Authors: Horváthy Dénes B. , Vácz Gabriella , Toró Ildikó , Szabó Tamás , May Zoltán , Duarte Miguel , Hornyák István , Szabó Bence T. , Dobó‐Nagy Csaba , Doros Attila , Lacza Zsombor
Published: July 2015

The key drawback of using demineralized bone matrix (DBM) is its low initial mechanical stability due to the severe depletion of mineral content. In the present study, we investigated the long‐term regeneration of DBM in a critical size bone defect model and investigated the remineralization after 6 months. Bone defects were created in the cranium of male Wistar rats which were filled with DBM or left empty as negative control. In vivo bone formation was monitored with computed tomography after 11, 19, and 26 weeks postoperatively. After 6 months, parietal bones were subjected to micro‐CT. Mineral content was determined with spectrophotometric analysis. After 11 weeks the DBM‐filled bone defects were completely closed, while empty defects were still open. Density of the DBM‐treated group increased significantly while the controls remained unchanged. Quantitative analysis by micro‐CT confirmed the in vivo results, bone volume/tissue volume was significantly lower in the controls than in the DBM group. The demineralization procedure depleted the key minerals of the bone to a very low level. Six months after implantation Ca, P, Na, Mg, Zn, and Cr contents were completely restored to the normal level, while K, Sr, and Mn were only partially restored. The remineralization process of DBM is largely complete by the 6th month after implantation in terms of bone density, structure, and key mineral levels. Although DBM does not provide sufficient sources for any of these minerals, it induces a faster and more complete regeneration process. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 104B: 1336–1342, 2016.
Effects of NH3 PECVD treatment time on the performance of multiwall carbon nanotubes for antibody immobilization
Authors: Hu Chih‐Chung , Chiou Ai‐Huei , Hsu Chun‐Yao
Published: July 2015

This work presents an amino plasma‐enhanced chemical vapour deposition (NH3 PECVD) treatment to modify multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) for the immobilization of antibodies (IgG‐gold), and the effects of treatment time were studied. A titanium nitride (TiN) buffer layer and a nickel catalyst layer were deposited on silicon substrates for synthesis of MWCNTs using thermal CVD. The MWCNTs were modified by amine (NH2−) or amino (NH−) functional groups for 1, 3, and 5 min by PECVD, respectively. Mouse IgG‐golds were immobilized on the modified MWCNTs using glutaraldehyde (GA) as a crosslinker. The performance of the modified MWCNTs was characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), contact angle system (CA), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS, ESCA), and UV–visible spectroscopy. Results show that the efficiency of IgG‐gold immobilization was increased with the increase of NH3 PECVD treatment time. The NH3 PECVD treatment changed the surface properties of the MWCNTs, tuning them more hydrophilic without affecting their structure. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 104B: 1343–1351, 2016.
Steady‐state MRA techniques with a blood pool contrast agent improve visualization of pulmonary venous anatomy and left atrial patency compared with time‐resolved MRA pre‐ and postcatheter ablation in atrial fibrillation
Authors: Rustogi Rahul , Galizia Mauricio , Thakrar Darshit , Merritt Bryce , Bi Xiaoming , Collins Jeremy , Carr James C.
Published: July 2015

Purpose

To compare steady‐state magnetic resonance angiography (SS‐MRA), using a blood pool contrast agent, with the established technique of time‐resolved MRA (TR‐MRA), in pulmonary vein mapping and left atrial patency.

Materials and Methods

Twenty‐one patients (12 males, age 58.3 ± 8.4 years; 9 females; 57 ± 10 years) undergoing pulmonary vein mapping were evaluated with TR‐MRA (TWIST) and SS‐MRA. Orthogonal measurements and areas for four veins per patient per technique were assessed by Friedman's test.

Results

Overall intertechnique mean difference for any pulmonary vein orthogonal measurement and area was 0.02 ± 0.34 cm (P = 0.705), and 0.2 ± 0.08 cm2 (P < 0.001). Interobserver correlation was strong for diameter and area measurements using the three methods with a range of 0.72–0.94, and 0.87–0.97, respectively. Left atrial appendage image quality score for TR‐MRA was significantly lower than the other two methods (P < 0.001). Both observers detected more stenosis on inversion recovery (IR)‐True FISP compared to TR‐MRA and IR‐FLASH.

Conclusion

SS‐MRA with a blood pool agent compared favorably to the established technique of TR‐MRA for quantitative assessment of pulmonary venous anatomy. SS‐MRA offers greater spatial resolution than TR‐MRA with increased confidence for ruling out left atrial appendage filling defect. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2015;42:1305–1313.
Stimulation of angiogenesis by cilostazol accelerates fracture healing in mice
Authors: Herath Steven C. , Lion Thorsten , Klein Moritz , Stenger David , Scheuer Claudia , Holstein Jörg H. , Mörsdorf Philipp , Rollmann Mika F.R. , Pohlemann Tim , Menger Michael D. , Histing Tina
Published: July 2015

Cilostazol, a selective phosphodiesterase‐3 inhibitor, is known to control cyclic adenosine monophosphate (c‐AMP) and to stimulate angiogenesis through upregulation of pro‐angiogenic factors. There is no information, however, whether cilostazol affects fracture healing. We, therefore, studied the effect of cilostazol on callus formation and biomechanics during fracture repair. Bone healing was analyzed in a murine femur fracture stabilized with an intramedullary screw. Radiological, biomechanical, histomorphometric, histochemical, and protein biochemical analyses were performed at 2 and 5 weeks after fracture. Twenty‐five mice received 30 mg/kg body weight cilostazol p.o. daily. Controls (n = 24) received equivalent amounts of vehicle. In cilostazol‐treated animals radiological analysis at 2 weeks showed an improved healing with an accelerated osseous bridging compared to controls. This was associated with a significantly higher amount of bony tissue and a smaller amount of cartilage tissue within the callus. Western blot analysis showed a higher expression of cysteine‐rich protein 61 (CYR61), bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)‐4, and receptor activator of NF‐kappaB ligand (RANKL). At 5 weeks, improved fracture healing after cilostazol treatment was indicated by biomechanical analyses, demonstrating a significant higher bending stiffness compared to controls. Thus, cilostazol improves fracture healing by accelerating both bone formation and callus remodeling. © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 33:1880–1887, 2015.