bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Að snarbatna, steingleyma og dauðleiðast: Samtímaleg og söguleg athugun á áhersluforliðum með sögnum í íslensku
Authors: Óskarsson Veturliði , Indriðason Þorsteinn G.
Published: November 2024

Greinin fjallar um áhersluforliði með sögnum, fyrirbæri sem lítið hefur verið fjallað um í íslensku og á erlendum vettvangi. Áhersluforliðirnir eru kannaðir bæði frá sögulegum og samtímalegum sjónarhóli. Við efnissöfnun var notast við ýmsa gagnagrunna: Ordbog over det norrøne prosasprog (ONP) sem nær fram á miðja 16. öld, Ritmálsskrána (RMS) sem nær frá miðri 16. öld fram á seinni hluta 20. aldar, Tímarit.is (TÍM) sem nær frá miðri 19. öld fram til dagsins í dag og Risamálheildina (RMH) sem nær yfir nútímamálið, einkum 21. öldina. Málfræðilegu sambandi áhersluforliða og sagna er lýst og gerð er grein fyrir því hvaða áhersluforliðir geti staðið með sögn og einnig hvers konar sagnir geti staðið með áhersluforliðum. Skoðaðir eru 38 áhersluforliðir á þennan hátt. Einnig er í greininni kannað hvað af þessum áhersluforliðum getur tengst sögnum í elsta máli og þróun áhersluforliða frá elsta máli til nútímamáls er skoðuð sérstaklega. Gerð er úttekt á skyldleika áhersluforliða við kerfisvæðingu, þ.e. að hve miklu leyti áhersluforliðir hafi þróast frá sjálfstæðum orðum og öðlast sérstakan sess í íslensku máli. Rannsóknin leiddi í ljós að áhersluforliðir með sögnum eru töluvert algengir í nútímamálinu en sárasjaldgæfir í elsta máli, eða fram til um 1540. Hægt er að benda á ákveðna þróun þeirra eftir 1540, þar sem þeir verða smám saman algengari með sögnum þó að ekki hafi fundist dæmi um alla liðina 38 á tímabilinu frá 1540 fram á 20. öld. Áhersluforliðir með sögnum eru flestir einkvæðir sem greinir þá frá áhersluforliðum með lýsingarorðum og nafnorðum sem geta einnig verið tvíkvæðir. Sýnt er fram á að áhersluforliðirnir hafi þróast með kerfisvæðingu frá sjálfstæðum orðum, en í sumum tilvikum eru merkingarleg tengsl áhersluforliðarins og sagnarinnar enn sterk þrátt fyrir kerfisvæðinguna. Málfræðilega má lýsa sambandi áhersluforliða og sagna með umorðun með sögn og áhersluorði, jafnvel tveimur slíkum. Rannsóknin sýnir einnig að áhersluforliðir geta tengst miðmyndarsögnum, áhrifssögnum, áhrifslausum sögnum og blönduðum sögnum, þ.e. sögnum sem geta bæði verið áhrifssagnir og áhrifslausar sagnir. Rannsóknin leiddi enn fremur í ljós að þörf er frekari skoðunar á sögulegri þróun áhersluforliða með lýsingarorðum og nafnorðum en slík rannsókn er þegar til um nútímamálið.
Óðinn á Íslandi í ljósi mannanafna og örnefna
Authors: Helgason Sigurður H.
Published: November 2024

Þessi grein fjallar um Óðinn og hvernig túlka megi mannanöfn og örnefni sem gætu vísað til Óðinsheita. Einkum er rætt um nafnið Grímur og hvernig það birtist í afleiddum örnefnum en einnig Óðinsheitið Gauti/Gautur. Dreifing slíkra örnefna er ójöfn yfir landið og sker Austurland sig úr.
The Relationship Between Secondary School Students’ English Speaking Anxiety, English Speaking Self-Efficacy And Personality Traits
Authors: Özcanlı Nurullah , Kozikoğlu İshak
Published: November 2024

This study aims to investigate the relationship between secondary school students' English-speaking anxiety, English-speaking self-efficacy, and personality traits. Conducted as a correlational study, it involved 920 students from secondary schools in the central districts of Van, selected through the cluster sampling method. Data were collected using the "Five-Factor Personality Scale," "English Speaking Self-Efficacy Scale," and "English Speaking Anxiety Scale." The analysis employed Pearson Product-Moment Correlation Coefficient and stepwise regression techniques. The findings revealed significant interrelations among students' personality traits, English-speaking anxiety, and self-efficacy perceptions. Specifically, students' English-speaking self-efficacy and the personality traits of openness to experience, extraversion, neuroticism, and agreeableness collectively accounted for 27.1% of the variance in English-speaking anxiety. Given the critical role of English-speaking anxiety in language acquisition, it is recommended that teachers consider these variables when guiding students. They should create motivating and supportive learning environments that foster self-expression and establish a positive classroom atmosphere conducive to foreign language learning.
Integrating Career Readiness Into Economics Courses
Authors: Smirnova Natalia V. , Lesser Mary H.
Published: November 2024

The National Alumni Career Mobility Survey (NACM) 2020 underscores the significance of career information in undergraduate education. This paper proposes a novel approach to career exploration by integrating big data analysis into undergraduate coursework. The instructional module, comprised of two assignments, empowers students to make informed career decisions using data from legitimate sources. Implemented in courses at two institutions, the module has yielded positive results. Students reported increased confidence in working with big data and a data-driven approach to career exploration. This module's adaptability and potential to enhance student satisfaction with institutional involvement in career planning make it a valuable resource for any institution.
Artificial Intelligence-Assisted Curriculum Development: Innovations in Designing Educational Content for the 21st Century Learner
Authors: Kasztelnik Karina
Published: November 2024

The advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology has led to a new wave of innovation in education, particularly in curriculum development. This article delves into the extensive potential of AI-assisted curriculum development, providing a comprehensive overview of current advancements, methodologies, and implications of integrating AI into educational content design. By analyzing theoretical frameworks, technological advancements, and empirical research, I demonstrate how AI facilitates the creation of dynamic and personalized learning experiences that cater to the diverse needs of modern learners. I also address the ethical considerations and challenges of implementing AI technologies, such as data privacy, algorithmic bias, and the digital divide. Through interdisciplinary cooperation and ethical use of AI, we advocate for a well-balanced approach that maximizes the benefits of AI while minimizing its risks. By utilizing AI to enhance curriculum design, educators can efficiently prepare students for the complexities of the contemporary world, fostering lifelong learning and adaptability in an ever-evolving global environment.
Cardioprotective Effect of Chronic Hypoxia Involves Inhibition of Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore Opening
Authors: Alanova P , Alan L , Neckar J , Ostadal B , Kolar F
Published: November 2024

The aim of the study was to examine the potential role of mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) in the cardioprotective effect of chronic continuous hypoxia (CH) against acute myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Adult male Wistar rats were adapted to CH for 3 weeks, while their controls were kept under normoxic conditions. Subsequently, they were subjected to I/R insult while being administered with mPTP inhibitor, cyclosporin A (CsA). Infarct size and incidence of ischemic and reperfusion arrhythmias were determined. Our results showed that adaptation to CH as well as CsA administration reduced myocardial infarct size in comparison to the corresponding control groups. However, administration of CsA did not amplify the beneficial effect of CH, suggesting that inhibition of mPTP opening contributes to the protective character of CH.
Response of Christian Youth to Interfaith Scriptural Reasoning:
Authors: Nelwan Gerry
Published: November 2024

The reading of Scripture is susceptible to interpretation and can offer constructive values, but it can also lead to self-exclusion and destructive actions. Traditionally, the reading and interpretation of Scripture have been an internal activity within each religious community. However, in Yogyakarta, Scriptural Reasoning activities are being organized by the Young Interfaith Peacemaker Community (YIPC) Indonesia, involving participants from diverse religious and belief backgrounds. This research examines the response of Christian Youth engaged in Scriptural Reasoning activities, specifically focusing on how they create a welcoming space for the presence of the other. The research will employ an analytical descriptive method, with data gathered through participatory observation, interviews with respondents selected via purposive sampling, and the collection of relevant literature and documents. Respondents will include organizers of Scriptural Reasoning activities and Christian participants. The data will be analyzed using Marianne Moyaert’s concept of hermeneutic hospitality. This study highlights the significance of hermeneutic openness as an expression of hospitality within the Christian community and the importance of creating space for interreligious dialogue. Reading sacred texts can also help prevent conflicts of religious sentiments based on scriptural interpretation.
Warnings from the West: Identification and Expert Evidence as Causes of Wrongful Convictions and the Implications for South Africa (Part 2)
Authors: Visser Jo-Marí , Scholtz Deonay
Published: November 2024

In Part 1 of this study, the existing literature on eyewitness misidentification evidence as a cause of wrongful convictions, as well as adversarial safeguards upon which criminal justice systems rely to identify errors in fact-finding, are reviewed. In Part 2, a similar investigation is conducted of improperly applied and faulty forensic expert evidence in criminal trials in the comparator countries, and how such evidence contributes to legal and root causes of injustice. Parallels are drawn to the adversarial system as it functions in South Africa and predictions are offered regarding the possibility that in South Africa too, the reliance on questionable expert evidence and the sometimes over-reliance on valid expert evidence may lead to wrongful convictions. Worldwide, much effort has been invested in developing admissibility criteria for expert forensic evidence. In the United States of America, for example, more than 100 years of admissibility jurisprudence has been dedicated to developing admissibility standards that would filter out unreliable evidence. Yet our investigation reveals admissibility criteria have had less success than expected. We also investigate the abilities and inabilities of cross-examination and acquired defence expertise to reveal errors in forensic evidence. The article concludes with critical commentary on the way forward for the South African criminal justice system.
EFFECTIVENESS OF PASSENGERS’ MOVEMENT IN PERSONAL CARS AND BUSES MOVING IN DEDICATED LANES
Authors:   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Fornalchyk Yevhen , Hilevych Volodymyr ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Suslov Vladyslav ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Velhan Andrii ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Blyzniuk Artem ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University
Published: November 2024

The effectiveness of dedicated lanes for public transport (buses) is determined based on the analysis of publi-cations on the peculiarities of vehicle traffic on the road networks with these lanes. The effectiveness is measured by the amount of reduction in the time it takes passengers to reach their destinations. However, if we are talking about dedicat-ed lanes by reducing their number for other vehicles (cars and trucks), we need to consider the increased travel time for road users in these vehicles. Relevant observations were made in the morning and evening rush hours during the three busiest working days of the week (Monday, Wednesday, Friday), having recorded indicators that can be used to assess traffic flows on sections of the urban road network without and with dedicated lanes (number of buses in dedicated lanes, their speed, travel time; the same for all road users without dedicated lanes). The sections were chosen so that the second one was a continuation of the first one without gaps between them. The result of the study was the establishment of the time and cost efficiency of passenger transportation in buses on a dedicated lane and the same inefficiency of passenger transportation in cars moving on the residual reduced number of lanes. The time costs by the latter were in average 52.61 times less that of passengers traveling in dedicated bus lanes. It is estimated that this increase costs UAH 0.117 per car passenger, compared to UAH 0.096 per bus passenger. In further studies with expanded geography on the implemen-tation of dedicated bus lanes, designers need to make compromise decisions, taking into account all traffic participants, not just buses. Keywords: section of urban road network, lane, dedicated lane, traffic flow, volume, speed, bus, car, duration, effectiveness.
INFLUENCE OF ELECTRICALLY CONTROLLED HYDROCORRECTION OF THE FUEL SUPPLY ON THE OPERATION OF AN AUTOTRACTOR DIESEL
Authors:   Poltava State Agrarian University, Ivanov Oleg , Burlaka Oleksiy ,   Poltava State Agrarian University, Kelemesh Anton , Kharak Ruslan ,   Poltava State Agrarian University
Published: November 2024

The task of the research is to determine the static and dynamic characteristics of a tractor diesel when using a special hydraulic corrector in its fuel supply system. It is use to change the initial phase period of fuel injection into diesel cylinders for each fuel injection line. The developed hydraulic corrector is a body with a movable rod with an annular groove in the central part. The movement of the rod occurs with the help of a power electromagnet. The hydraulic correc-tor itself is a blocking element and blocks the fuel supply to the injector for a certain period. The duration of this period depends on the need to change the injection start time. Its installation does not require significant structural changes to the fuel system. Location – near the nozzle. To determine the efficiency of this hydraulic corrector, it is necessary to con-duct a complex of non-motorized and motorized studies. In the course of these studies, the advantage of using an experi-mental fuel supply system with a distribution fuel pump without a mechanical centrifugal clutch for advanced fuel injec-tion was determined. According to the results of comparative motorless studies, there is an improvement in the parame-ters of fuel supply in a wide range of changes in the frequency of rotation of the camshaft of the injection pump. There is a decrease in the fuel injection phase by 20…30%, an increase in the maximum injection pressure by 30…40 MPa, an in-crease in the average injection pressure by 10…20%. In addition, the use of this hydraulic corrector allows you to improve the quality of the transient acceleration mode of the 6ChN13/11.5 diesel engine by reducing the transition time to a new speed mode and improving the parameters of the air supply system. In particular, the duration of the stabilization of the rotation frequencies of the crankshaft and the rotor of the turbocompressor in the new stable mode of operation is reduced by an average of 10-12%, there is no clear read-justment of the operating parameters; a decrease in the normalization time of the turbocharger rotation frequency by 0.1s, a decrease in the temperature of the exhaust gases by 25°C and an increase in the boost pressure by 30% with an increase in the air supply to 540 m3/h were noted. The obtained results convincingly confirm the effectiveness and expe-diency of using the proposed hydraulic corrector for the modernization of the fuel systems of the auto-tractor diesel en-gine without significant structural changes in its fuel system. Keywords: hydraulic correction, fuel injection advance angle, electric control, crankshaft rotation frequency, turbo-charger, diesel, fuel supply parameters.
Fe-capsaicin nanozyme attenuates sepsis-induced acute lung injury by regulating the functions of macrophages
Authors: Wang Ruijie , Zhou Ning , Xue Jinfang , Li Yan , Wang Yang , Zhu Huadong , Lv Chuanzhu
Published: November 2024

Background

In sepsis, the lung is one of the worst affected organs, often leading to acute lung injury (ALI). More and more evidence suggests that macrophages are also involved in the pathogenesis of ALI. In our previous study, we successfully synthesized Iron-capsaicin-based nanoparticles (Fe-CAP NPs) and found that it could inhibit the secretion of inflammatory cytokines to alleviate ALI. Here, we further explore the anti-inflammatory mechanism of Fe-CAP NPs.

Methods

Bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM) and C57 mice were divided into four groups: control group, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) group, CAP + LPS group and Fe-CAP + LPS group. Western blot and Immunofluorescence were used to detect the expression of macrophage phenotypic markers CD86 and CD206 in BMDM and lung tissue. Fluorescence microbeads, Transwell and ROS kit were used to detect the phagocytosis, migration and ROS clearing capability of BMDM. Western blot was used to detect the expression of JAK2/STAT3 pathway and apoptosis proteins in BMDM. TUNEL kit and H&E staining were used to evaluate apoptosis and pathological changes in lung tissue.

Results

In vitro, CD86 expression was increased in LPS, but decreased after Fe-CAP pretreatment. CD206 expression was the opposite. Fe-CAP reduced phagocytosis, migration and scavenged ROS in LPS-treated BMDM. Fe-CAP inhibited P-JAK2 and P-STAT3 expression and reduced apoptosis. In vivo, Fe-CAP improved lung histopathology and reduced apoptosis in lung tissue of LPS group. CD86 expression was increased in lung tissue of LPS group, but decreased in Fe-CAP preconditioning, and CD206 expression was reversed.

Conclusion

Fe-CAP NPs could alleviate sepsis-induced ALI by regulating the polarization and function of macrophages, reducing ROS level and apoptosis.
Case Report: Drug-coated balloon after intravascular lithotripsy for the treatment of severely calcified de novo coronary artery lesion
Authors: Misawa Toru , Lee Tetsumin , Ashikaga Takashi , Nozato Toshihiro , Yonetsu Taishi , Sasano Tetsuo
Published: November 2024

In patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), severely calcified lesions remain a great challenge even in the drug-eluting stent (DES) era. Intravascular lithotripsy (IVL) is effective for modification of severely calcified lesions prior to DES implantation. However, the efficacy of PCI with drug-coated balloon (DCB) following IVL has not been fully elucidated. Here, we present a case of severely calcified de novo coronary artery lesion successfully underwent PCI with DCB following IVL under optical coherence tomography (OCT) guidance as well as mid-term follow-up OCT. DCB following IVL might be a potential revascularization strategy for patients with heavily calcified de novo coronary artery lesions.
How did educational institutions respond to students with special needs during COVID-19: considerations for policy?
Authors: Gómez-Domínguez Valentina , Gómez-Domínguez MaríaTeresa , Navarro-Mateu Diego , Tébar-Yébana Susana
Published: November 2024

This bibliometric study analyzes the scientific production on the educational response of institutions to families with children with special educational needs (SEN) during the COVID-19 pandemic. The research identifies emerging trends and distinctive characteristics, providing a foundation for improving strategies in schools. The analysis reveals an increase in publications from 2020 to 2023, peaking at 24 articles in 2022. A total of 246 researchers participated, with Castro-Kemp S and McIntyre LL standing out for their productivity and citations. Institutions such as UCL and the University of Oregon led in publications, while the University of California, Santa Barbara, topped the citations. In terms of scientific production, the United States had the most articles, followed by the United Kingdom and Spain. However, the United Kingdom led in global citations, indicating a high level of interest in the topic. The main journals in this field include Frontiers in Education and Education Science. Twelve collaboration networks among authors were identified, with a primary network of seven closely collaborating researchers. The pandemic exacerbated pre-existing difficulties in the education of children with SEN, increasing stress and emotional burden on parents. The transition to home education and the lack of adapted resources presented significant challenges. However, some strategies, such as dialogic literary gatherings and collaboration between schools and families, proved effective in mitigating negative impacts. The study underscores the need for inclusive public policies that address disparities in educational support and prioritize the psychological well-being of children with SEN. It recommends a proactive and equitable approach in school psychology training and educational practice. In conclusion, this analysis provides a solid foundation for future research and improvements in schools, promoting an inclusive and resilient educational environment.
Spectrum of neuropsychological challenges in Turner syndrome
Authors: Fezza Jacqueline I. , Rau Srishti , Clary Lauren , Nimene Johnson Oretha , Fimmel Fiona , Barber John , Kanakatti Shankar Roopa
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Turner syndrome (TS) is associated with significant neuropsychological challenges, and screening is recommended at key transition stages. Our goal was to describe the institutional experience of formal neuropsychological assessments in TS and assess differences by karyotype.

Methods

Data were abstracted by retrospective chart review of completed assessments between January 1, 2019, and October 31, 2022, referred from the newly established multidisciplinary clinic, and descriptive statistical analyses were presented (SAS V9.4).

Results

Of 114 patients, 38 (33%) had completed neuropsychological assessment at a median age of 11.3 years (IQR 6.5–14.9). Median full-scale IQ (FSIQ) was lower in those with a 45,X karyotype compared with other karyotypes (p = 0.027) but did not meet statistical significance at the adjusted significance level for multiple comparisons. Lower median non-verbal IQ [performance intelligence quotient (PIQ)] relative to verbal IQ (VIQ) was observed. Diagnoses of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (26%) and anxiety disorder (26%) were common followed by specific learning disorder (mathematics; 18%) and autism spectrum disorder (16%).

Discussion

The prevalence of neuropsychological abnormalities in our diverse clinic underscores the importance of early and routine neuropsychological testing in TS.
A quantitative study of OH and NO concentration of a premixed laminar kerosene flame using a flat-flame burner at atmospheric pressure
Authors: Shi Si , Hughes Kevin J. , Pourkashanian Mohamed
Published: November 2024

In the context of global warming and the increasing demands for the application of sustainable fuels, measurements of a variety of experimental targets under a wide range of conditions are crucial to improving the fundamental understanding of real jet fuels and developing quality kinetic mechanisms for large hydrocarbons. Planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) is an effective approach to investigate concentrations of important species of a given flame while quantifying the fluorescence image remains a great challenge with significant uncertainties. This investigation aims to improve the fundamental understanding of the oxidation of kerosene-based mixtures at two equivalence ratio conditions. Two gas fuels are utilized as the reference for the quantitative studies. For each flame condition, relative OH and NO quantities and temperature profiles were measured by applying the PLIF and coated fine wire type R Pt/Pt-Rh thermocouples, respectively. The converted OH and NO results were subsequently compared with the simulation by using ANSYS Chemkin Pro, and the results indicate that reliable temperature profiles are the key to accurately quantify the species concentration of a given flame.
Promoting best practices in ocean forecasting through an Operational Readiness Level
Authors: Alvarez Fanjul E. , Ciliberti S. , Pearlman J. , Wilmer-Becker K. , Bahurel P. , Ardhuin F. , Arnaud A. , Azizzadenesheli K. , Aznar R. , Bell M. , Bertino L. , Behera S. , Brassington G. , Calewaert J. B. , Capet A. , Chassignet E. , Ciavatta S. , Cirano M. , Clementi E. , Cornacchia L. , Cossarini G. , Coro G. , Corney S. , Davidson F. , Drevillon M. , Drillet Y. , Dussurget R. , El Serafy G. , Fearon G. , Fennel K. , Ford D. , Le Galloudec O. , Huang X. , Lellouche J. M. , Heimbach P. , Hernandez F. , Hogan P. , Hoteit I. , Joseph S. , Josey S. , Le Traon P. -Y. , Libralato S. , Mancini M. , Martin M. , Matte P. , McConnell T. , Melet A. , Miyazawa Y. , Moore A. M. , Novellino A. , O’Donncha F. , Porter A. , Qiao F. , Regan H. , Robert-Jones J. , Sanikommu S. , Schiller A. , Siddorn J. , Sotillo M. G. , Staneva J. , Thomas-Courcoux C. , Thupaki P. , Tonani M. , Garcia Valdecasas J. M. , Veitch J. , von Schuckmann K. , Wan L. , Wilkin J. , Zhong A. , Zufic R.
Published: November 2024

Predicting the ocean state in a reliable and interoperable way, while ensuring high-quality products, requires forecasting systems that synergistically combine science-based methodologies with advanced technologies for timely, user-oriented solutions. Achieving this objective necessitates the adoption of best practices when implementing ocean forecasting services, resulting in the proper design of system components and the capacity to evolve through different levels of complexity. The vision of OceanPrediction Decade Collaborative Center, endorsed by the UN Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development 2021-2030, is to support this challenge by developing a “predicted ocean based on a shared and coordinated global effort” and by working within a collaborative framework that encompasses worldwide expertise in ocean science and technology. To measure the capacity of ocean forecasting systems, the OceanPrediction Decade Collaborative Center proposes a novel approach based on the definition of an Operational Readiness Level (ORL). This approach is designed to guide and promote the adoption of best practices by qualifying and quantifying the overall operational status. Considering three identified operational categories - production, validation, and data dissemination - the proposed ORL is computed through a cumulative scoring system. This method is determined by fulfilling specific criteria, starting from a given base level and progressively advancing to higher levels. The goal of ORL and the computed scores per operational category is to support ocean forecasters in using and producing ocean data, information, and knowledge. This is achieved through systems that attain progressively higher levels of readiness, accessibility, and interoperability by adopting best practices that will be linked to the future design of standards and tools. This paper discusses examples of the application of this methodology, concluding on the advantages of its adoption as a reference tool to encourage and endorse services in joining common frameworks.
Distinguishing subclinical from clinical keratoconus by corneal measurements
Authors: Nicula Cristina Ariadna , Horvath Karin Ursula , Nicula Ariadna Patricia , Bulboacă Adriana Elena , Bolboacă Sorana D. , Nicula Dorin
Published: November 2024

Purpose

The study aimed to determine the stability of topographic and tomographic indices measured with Pentacam and to evaluate the biomechanical parameters measured with Corvis ST in the diagnosis of subclinical keratoconus (sKCN) and clinical keratoconus (KCN).

Methods

This is a single-center cohort study with a retrospective review of topographic and tomographic indices and biomechanical parameters on adult patients with subclinical keratoconus (sKCN), clinical keratoconus (KCN), and healthy subjects (control group). The area under the receiver operating curve (AUC) was used to identify the cutoff values for evaluated indices able to distinguish between subjects with sKCN and those with KCN.

Results

Seventy-six patients (76 eyes) in the sKCN group, 74 patients (132 eyes) in the KCN group, and 70 patients (140 eyes) in the control group were analyzed. Evaluated participants had similar age, but in the sKCN group, men were predominant (p = 0.0070). Significantly higher values in the KCN group of Front Kmax, ISV, IVA, KI, IHD, BAD_D, and lower values of TL and PRC (with excellent accuracy AUC > 0.9) were observed in the differentiation of KCN by controls. Similarly, excellent accuracies were obtained by Front Kmax, ISV, IVA, KI, IHD, KISA, I-S, BAD_D, and RMS-total with higher values in the KCN group and PRC and ARTmax with lower values in patients with KCN as compared to those with sKCN. Only Front Kmean (AUC = 0.946, Se = 85.6%, Sp = 90.4%, p < 0.0001) and I-S Pentacam (AUC = 0.96, Se = 84.1%, Sp = 97.3%, p < 0.0001) proved accurate and not shared with differentiation of sKCN or KCN by normal eyes. Front Kmean Pentacam proved good for case findings (0.806 [0.742 to 0.871]) and screening (0.712 [0.645 to 0.778]). I-S Pentacam performed excellent for case findings (0.826 [0.764 to 0.888]) and good for screening (0.758 [0.700 to 0.817]).

Conclusion

Subclinical and clinical KCN shared common Pentacam parameters with excellent or good accuracy in distinguishing subjects with and without pathology, but Front Kmean and I-S Pentacam proved excellent or good for case finding and screening and are not shared with differentiation of the sKCN or KCN by the normal eyes. Furthermore, differentiation of sKCN by normal eyes could be done with KISA (Pentacam) and CBI (Corvis) parameters, but only CBI is not shared with KCN.
Nurses’ knowledge, attitude, and practice of low-flow oxygen therapy and humidification
Authors: Tang Naiwang , Li Haiying , Zhang Jiayi , Ling Hua , Shi Linlin , Zhang Huili , Guo Qi , Yu Ronghuan
Published: November 2024

Objective

Nurses are key in administering oxygen therapy and managing its potential adverse effects in medical settings. This study aimed to investigate the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) regarding low-flow oxygen therapy and humidification among nurses.

Methods

This cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2024 to March 2024 at Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital. Demographic data and KAP scores were collected through questionnaires.

Result

A total of 243 valid questionnaires were collected. Among them, 228 (93.8%) were female, and 93 (38.3%) had been working for more than 10 years. The mean scores for knowledge, attitudes, and practices were 11.11 ± 4.30 (Ranging 0–18), 29.14 ± 3.41 (Ranging 7–35), and 28.07 ± 4.73 (Ranging 7–35), respectively. Multivariate logistic regression confirmed that knowledge (OR = 1.302, 95% CI: [1.167–1.453], p < 0.001) and attitudes (OR = 1.196, 95% CI: [1.080–1.325], p < 0.001) were independently associated with proactive practices. Structural equation modeling (SEM) corroborated the direct influences of training (β = 3.210, p < 0.001) and clinical experience (β = 2.044, p = 0.002) on knowledge, with knowledge (β = 0.379, p < 0.001) and gender (β = −1.642, p = 0.037) directly impacting attitudes. Additionally, knowledge (β = 0.395, p < 0.001), attitudes (β = 0.340, p < 0.001), and equipment utilization (β = 1.098, p < 0.001) directly influenced practices.

Conclusion

Nurses demonstrated inadequate knowledge, positive attitudes, and inactive practices toward low-flow oxygen therapy and humidification. Enhanced training and increased clinical experience are recommended to improve nurses’ knowledge and practice in this area.
A single center retrospective study on real world CAR T-cell therapy: focus on early hematological toxicity
Authors: Lesan Vadim , Christofyllakis Konstantinos , Bewarder Moritz , Thurner Lorenz , Bittenbring Jörg
Published: November 2024

Patients with relapsed/refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) and multiple myeloma have poor outcomes. CAR-T completely changed the landscape of therapy options, improving not only response rates but also survival outcomes. Hematological toxicity after chimeric antigen receptor therapy (CAR-T) is of increasing interest, being a recognized prognostic factor in this setting. We report our experience with early hematological toxicity after CAR-T therapy and point some important aspects regarding the Hematotox-Score. We identified a strong negative correlation between Hematotox-Score and platelet count at first day of cytokine release syndrome (CRS). Hematotox-Score was predictive of hemoglobin levels at day 28 after CAR-T. Ferritin remained high after 28 days post CAR-T in patients with high Hematotox-Score. Hematotox-Score did not associate with mortality in our cohort. We did not find any significant association between the hematological parameters (hemoglobin, platelets, and neutrophil counts), ferritin, LDH at first day of CRS and mortality. In conclusion, we demonstrate that Hematotox-Score is predictive of early hematological toxicity after CAR-T. Although, patients with higher degree of hematological toxicities have poorer survival outcomes, Hematotox-Score lacks predictive potential, probably due to its limitations. Further development of hematological scores predicting survival outcome in the context of CAR-T are needed.
Application of machine learning in acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding: bibliometric analysis
Authors: Li Qun , Chen Guolin , Li Qiongjie , Guo Dongna
Published: November 2024

Background

In the past decade, the application of machine learning (ML) in the clinical management of acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding (AUGIB) has received much attention and has become a hot research topic. However, no scientometric report has systematically summarized and outlined the research progress in this field.

Objective

This study aims to utilize bibliometric analysis methods to delve into the applications of machine learning in AUGIB and the collaborative network behind it over the past decade. Through a thorough analysis of relevant literature, we uncover the research trends and collaboration patterns in this field, which can provide valuable references and insights for further in-depth exploration in the same field.

Methods

Using the Web of Science (WOS) as the data source, this study explores academic development in a specific field from December 2013 to December 2023. The search strategy included terms related to “Machine Learning” and “Acute Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding”. Only original articles in English focusing on ML in AUGIB were included. The analysis of downloaded literature with Citespace software, including keyword co-occurrence, author collaboration networks, and citation relationship networks, reveals academic dynamics, research hotspots, and collaboration trends.

Results

After sorting and compiling, we have collected 73 academic papers written by 217 authors from 133 institutions in 29 countries worldwide. Among them, China and AM J GASTROENTEROL have made significant contributions in this field, providing many high-quality research achievements. The study found that these papers mainly focus on three core research hotspots: deepening clinical consensus, precise analysis of medical images, and optimization of data integration and decision support systems.

Conclusions

This study summarizes the latest advancements in the application of machine learning to AUGIB research. Through bibliometric analysis and network visualization, it reveals emerging trends, origins, leading institutions, and hot topics in this field. While this area has already demonstrated significant potential in medical artificial intelligence, our findings will provide valuable insights for future research directions and clinical practices.
The clinical perspective of circular RNAs in neurodegenerative diseases: potential diagnostic tools and therapeutic targets
Authors: Li Xin’ai , Wang Peng , Qi Shuo , Zhou Jingwei , Amalraj Jeremiah , Wang Junhui , Ding Zhiguo
Published: November 2024

Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) mostly occur in older demographics. With the average lifespan increasing over time, NDDs are becoming one of the major adverse factors affecting human health and the quality of life. Currently, there are no specific diagnostic methods for NDDs and they are usually diagnosed based on nonspecific clinical symptoms and occasionally by biomarkers, such as β-amyloid (Aβ) for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and a-synuclein (α-syn) for Parkinson’s disease, etc. However, it is usually too late for most treatment to startr when the aforementioned criteria become detectable. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a type of single-stranded, covalently closed, non-coding RNAs that lack a 5′ cap structure and 3′ terminal poly-A tail. According to recent research, circRNAs may play a crucial role for the onset and progression of some NDDs. These small RNAs may be potential diagnostic and prognostic markers and therapeutic targets for these diseases. This review will provide a comprehensive overview of the recent advancements of knowledge on the functions and the possible underlying mechanism of circRNAs in the pathogenesis and treatment of NDDs.
Effects of transient, persistent, and resurgent sodium currents on excitability and spike regularity in vestibular ganglion neurons
Authors: Baeza-Loya Selina , Eatock Ruth Anne
Published: November 2024

Vestibular afferent neurons occur as two populations with differences in spike timing regularity that are independent of rate. The more excitable regular afferents have lower current thresholds and sustained spiking responses to injected currents, while irregular afferent neurons have higher thresholds and transient responses. Differences in expression of low-voltage-activated potassium (KLV) channels are emphasized in models of spiking regularity and excitability in these neurons, leaving open the potential contributions of the voltage-gated sodium (NaV) channels responsible for the spike upstroke. We investigated the impact of different NaV current modes (transient, persistent, and resurgent) with whole-cell patch clamp experiments in mouse vestibular ganglion neurons (VGNs), the cultured and dissociated cell bodies of afferents. All VGNs had transient NaV current, many had a small persistent (non-inactivating) NaV current, and a few had resurgent current, which flows after the spike when NaV channels that were blocked are unblocked. A known NaV1.6 channel blocker decreased spike rate and altered spike waveforms in both sustained and transient VGNs and affected all three modes of NaV current. A NaV channel agonist enhanced persistent current and increased spike rate and regularity. We hypothesized that persistent and resurgent currents have different effects on sustained (regular) VGNs vs. transient (irregular) VGNs. Lacking blockers specific for the different current modes, we used modeling to isolate their effects on spiking of simulated transient and sustained VGNs, driven by simulated current steps and noisy trains of simulated EPSCs. In all simulated neurons, increasing transient NaV current increased spike rate and rate-independent regularity. In simulated sustained VGNs, adding persistent current increased both rate and rate-independent regularity, while adding resurgent current had limited impact. In transient VGNs, adding persistent current had little impact, while adding resurgent current increased both rate and rate-independent irregularity by enhancing sensitivity to synaptic noise. These experiments show that the small NaV current modes may enhance the differentiation of afferent populations, with persistent currents selectively making regular afferents more regular and resurgent currents selectively making irregular afferents more irregular.
A novel integrated nutrition-combined prognostic index for predicting overall survival after radical gastrectomy
Authors: Li Xiang , Fu Zhongxue , Zhang Jun , Xu Jinming , Wang Lianwei , Li Ke
Published: November 2024

Objective

The objectives of this study were to integrate the Prognostic Nutritional Index, Controlling Nutritional Status, and Nutritional Risk Index, into a novel Nutrition-combined Prognostic Index (NCPI), and to develop and validate a nomogram to predict overall survival (OS) in patients with gastric cancer (GC).

Materials and methods

Data from 609 patients with GC, collected between January 1, 2017, and April 30, 2023, were retrospectively analyzed. Optimal cut-off values for nutritional parameters were determined using X-Tile software, and the Kaplan–Meier method applied for survival analysis. Univariate, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator, and multivariate Cox regression analyses were conducted, and a nomogram for predicting OS in patients with GC constructed and validated.

Results

Inferior nutritional status was strongly correlated with worse clinicopathologic features and prognosis of patients with GC. NCPI, body mass index, American Joint Committee on Cancer T stage, and lymph node ratio were identified as independent risk factors for OS. A nomogram including these factors predicted 1-, 3-, and 5-year OS, with training and validation set C-index values of 0.716 and 0.77, respectively. Calibration curves demonstrated that the predicted outcomes closely matched the actual results, and decision curve analysis highlighted the high practical value of the model.

Conclusion

The novel nutritional marker, NCPI, is closely associated with the clinicopathologic features and OS of patients with GC. The practical value of the NCPI-based nomogram was demonstrated and a web-based calculator developed.
Nutrition status of nulliparous married women (15–24 years) in South Asia: trends, predictors, and program implications
Authors: Kumar Abhishek , Sethi Vani , Murira Zivai , Prakash Atma , Shrestha Anita , Joe William
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Preconception nutrition, the nutritional status of women before pregnancy, is crucial for maternal and child health. Interventions focusing on preconception nutrition can help break the intergenerational cycle of malnutrition by improving the health and nutritional status of women before pregnancy. This study investigated the recent trends and patterns in the nutritional status of nulliparous adolescents and young women across six countries in South Asia: Bangladesh, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka.

Methods

This study utilized the cross-sectional data from the Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) conducted between 2010 and 2022 for six South Asian countries. A total sample of 20,024 nulliparous married women aged 15–24 years was analyzed to estimate the pooled prevalence for various anthropometric outcomes. Annual changes in the prevalence of the outcome indicators were presented for each country. Predictors of thinness and overweight were analyzed using logistic regression models.

Results

Based on the latest rounds of DHS for respective countries, the pooled weighted prevalence of thinness was 24.4%, overweight was 24.8%, and short height was 11.3%. The prevalence of underweight ranged from 14.6% in Pakistan (DHS 2018) to 25.9% in India (DHS 2021). The least reduction in the prevalence of underweight was observed in India at 2.8% and Nepal at 0.7%. Based on the latest surveys, the mean BMI among women aged 15–24 years was the highest in Maldives (24.1, 95% CI: 23.4, 24.8) and Pakistan (22.9, 95% CI: 22.2, 23.5) and the lowest in India (20.9, 95% CI: 20.9, 21.0) and Nepal (20.8, 95% CI: 20.4, 21.2). The pooled prevalence of thinness and short height was high in rural areas (26.2 and 11.8%), among less educated (28.1 and 14.5%), and bottom 40% wealth quintile groups (29.8 and 15.8%). Compared to young women (20–24 years), adolescent girls were 39% more likely to be underweight (OR: 1.39; 95% CI: 1.25, 1.54).

Conclusion

The findings highlight the need to broaden the scope of policies and programs designed for pregnant and lactating women so that nulliparous married women can be screened frequently for their anthropometric progress. Given the uneven distribution of the burden, it is recommended to implement comprehensive nutrition packages to reach all population subgroups across the regions.
Bevacizumab for the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer complicated by abdominal aortic aneurysm and mural thrombus: a case report
Authors: Li Yujun , Wu Tong , Saeed Muhammad Muddasar , Cui Xiaonan
Published: November 2024

Bevacizumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody targeting vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), was the first anti-angiogenic agent incorporated into metastatic colorectal cancer treatment strategies and demonstrated broad-spectrum anti-tumor efficacy. Commonly reported adverse events include hypertension, proteinuria, gastrointestinal perforation, bleeding, and thromboembolism. However, there are only a few reports on abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) as a complication of bevacizumab therapy. Given the high risk of fatal rupture with AAA, we present a case of bevacizumab-associated AAA to raise clinician awareness of this possible, rare, and serious adverse reaction.
Undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma of the adrenal gland: a case report and literature review
Authors: Xiaochuan Gong , Wei Zhao , Chaoyong Yuan , Yu Zhou , Huayong Jian , Na Yin , Xike Luo , Jian Lei , Yan Wang
Published: November 2024

Undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (UPS) is a rare type of tumor, and UPS originating in the adrenal gland is even rarer. Up to now, there have been no reports in English literature of UPS originating from the adrenal gland. This case report presents a 44-year-old female patient with UPS of the adrenal gland, who has shown no signs of recurrence or metastasis half a year after undergoing resection of a left adrenal tumor. A retrospective analysis of the patient’s diagnosis and treatment process is conducted, with the aim of providing a reference for the diagnosis and treatment of adrenal UPS.
Amentoflavone for treating cardiocerebrovascular diseases and neurological disorders
Authors: Zhang Hang , Ban Yin-mei , Li De-mei , Wang Gang , Gu Juan , Zhu Lei
Published: November 2024

Amentoflavone (AME) is a flavonoid compound found in over 120 plants. Its extensive pharmacological activity for treating cardiocerebrovascular diseases and neurological disorders have attracted the attention of researchers in recent years. However, owing to the poor solubility and low bioavailability of AME, it has not been developed as a drug for treating these diseases. This review focuses on two aspects of AME: First, it provides a detailed summary and introduction to AME based on its chemical structure, physicochemical properties, plant sources, extraction and purification methods, administration systems, and pharmacokinetic properties. Second, it summarizes the effects of AME on cardiocerebrovascular diseases and neurological disorders, and its specific pharmacological mechanisms. This review aims to promote the use of AME for treating cardiocerebrovascular diseases and neurological disorders. AME exhibits multiple activities, indicating its potential as a natural drug for treating these diseases. Further studies on its pharmacokinetics and toxicology are required to ensure its safety and efficacy.