bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bacterial surface lipoproteins mediate epithelial microinvasion by
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Authors: Chan Jia Mun , Ramos-Sevillano Elisa , Betts Modupeh , Wilson Holly U. , Weight Caroline M. , Houhou-Ousalah Ambrine , Pollara Gabriele , Brown Jeremy S. , Heyderman Robert S.
Published: April 2024

Streptococcus pneumoniae
, a common colonizer of the upper respiratory tract, invades nasopharyngeal epithelial cells without causing disease in healthy participants of controlled human infection studies. We hypothesized that surface expression of pneumococcal lipoproteins, recognized by the innate immune receptor TLR2, mediates epithelial microinvasion. Mutation of
lgt
in serotype 4 (TIGR4) and serotype 6B (BHN418) pneumococcal strains abolishes the ability of the mutants to activate TLR2 signaling. Loss of
lgt
also led to the concomitant decrease in interferon signaling triggered by the bacterium. However, only BHN418
lgt::cm
but not TIGR4
lgt::cm
was significantly attenuated in epithelial adherence and microinvasion compared to their respective wild-type strains. To test the hypothesis that differential lipoprotein repertoires in TIGR4 and BHN418 lead to the intraspecies variation in epithelial microinvasion, we employed a motif-based genome analysis and identified an additional 525 a.a. lipoprotein (
p
neumococcal
a
ccessory
l
ipoprotein
A
;
palA
) encoded by BHN418 that is absent in TIGR4. The gene encoding
palA
sits within a putative genetic island present in ~10% of global pneumococcal isolates. While
palA
was enriched in the carriage and otitis media pneumococcal strains, neither mutation nor overexpression of the gene encoding this lipoprotein significantly changed microinvasion patterns. In conclusion, mutation of
lgt
attenuates epithelial inflammatory responses during pneumococcal-epithelial interactions, with intraspecies variation in the effect on microinvasion. Differential lipoprotein repertoires encoded by the different strains do not explain these differences in microinvasion. Rather, we postulate that post-translational modifications of lipoproteins may account for the differences in microinvasion.

IMPORTANCE

Streptococcus pneumoniae
(pneumococcus) is an important mucosal pathogen, estimated to cause over 500,000 deaths annually. Nasopharyngeal colonization is considered a necessary prerequisite for disease, yet many people are transiently and asymptomatically colonized by pneumococci without becoming unwell. It is therefore important to better understand how the colonization process is controlled at the epithelial surface. Controlled human infection studies revealed the presence of pneumococci within the epithelium of healthy volunteers (microinvasion). In this study, we focused on the regulation of epithelial microinvasion by pneumococcal lipoproteins. We found that pneumococcal lipoproteins induce epithelial inflammation but that differing lipoprotein repertoires do not significantly impact the magnitude of microinvasion. Targeting mucosal innate immunity and epithelial microinvasion alongside the induction of an adaptive immune response may be effective in preventing pneumococcal colonization and disease.
Supplemental Material: Magmatic conditions aiding synconvergent extension above the Peruvian flat slab
Authors: Grambling Tyler , al. et
Published: April 2024

File S1 contains Figures S1–S8 and additional details on sample description, collection, preparation, and analysis, data handling, and a detailed discussion on detecting alteration of zircon via Th/U ratios and concentrations. File S2 contains Tables S1–S6.
Effectiveness of repeated low-level red light in myopia prevention and myopia control
Authors: Liu Guihua , Rong Hua , Liu Yipu , Wang Biying , Du Bei , Song Desheng , Wei Ruihua
Published: April 2024

Background/aims

To compare the effects of repeated low-level red light (RLRL) treatment on axial length growth and refractive error changes in myopic and premyopic children.

Methods

Subjects were assigned randomly to four subgroups: myopia-RLRL group (M-RL), myopia-control group (M-C), premyopia-RLRL group (PM-RL) and premyopia-control group (PM-C). Subjects in the RLRL group completed a 12-month treatment composed of a 3 min RLRL treatment session twice daily, with an interval of at least 4 hours, for 7 days per week. Visits were scheduled before and at 1-month, 3-month, 6-month, 9-month and 12-month follow-up after the treatment. Repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to compare the spherical equivalent refractive errors (SE) and axial length (AL) changes between the groups across the treatment period.

Results

After 12 months of treatment, in the myopia group, SE and AL changes were −0.078±0.375 D and 0.033±0.123 mm for M-RL and −0.861±0.556 D and 0.415±0.171 mm for M-C; in the premyopia group, the progression of SE and AL was −0.181±0.417 D and 0.145±0.175 mm for PM-RL and −0.521±0.436 D and 0.292±0.128 mm for PM-C. PM-RL indicated a lower myopia incidence than PM-C (2.5% vs 19.4%). Additionally, the percentage of AL shortening in the M-RL was higher than that in the PM-RL before the 9-month follow-up.

Conclusion

RLRL effectively delayed myopia progression in children with myopia and reduced the incidence of myopia in premyopic children. Moreover, RLRL exhibited a stronger impact on myopic children compared with premyopic individuals.
Adverse and serious adverse events incidence of pharmacological interventions for managing chronic and episodic migraine in adults: a systematic review
Authors: Naghdi Seyran , Underwood Martin , Brown Anna , Matharu Manjit , Duncan Callum , Davies Natasha , Aksentyte Aiva , Mistry Hema
Published: April 2024

Background

Migraine is the second most common prevalent disorder worldwide and is a top cause of disability with a substantial economic burden. Many preventive migraine medications have notable side effects that affect different body organs.

Method

We systematically searched for published randomised controlled trials (RCTs) using terms for migraine/headache and preventive medications. Using eligibility criteria, two reviewers independently assessed the articles. Cochrane risk-of-bias tool was applied to assess the quality of the studies. Data were classified by system organ class (SOC).

Results

Thirty-two RCTs with 21 780 participants met the eligibility criteria for the incidence of adverse events (AEs). Additionally, 33 RCTs with 22 615 participants were included to synthesise the incidence of serious AEs (SAEs). The percentage of attributed AEs and SAEs to each SOC for 10 preventive drugs with different dosing regimens was calculated. Amitriptyline and topiramate had a higher incidence of nervous system disorders; Topiramate was also associated with a higher incidence of psychiatric disorders. All drugs showed a certain incidence of infections and infestations, with Onabotulinumtoxin A (BTA) having the lowest rate. BTA had a higher incidence of musculoskeletal disorders than the other drugs. Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) such as fremanezumab and galcanezumab were linked to more general disorders and administration site conditions than other drugs.

Conclusion

Notably, the observed harm to SOCs varies among these preventive drugs. We suggest conducting head-to-head RCTs to evaluate the safety profile of oral medications, BTA, and CGRP MAbs in episodic and/or chronic migraine populations.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42021265993.
Using verbal and social autopsy approaches to understand why neonates die in rural settings: a case study of a remote rural district in Uganda
Authors: Kizito Felix , Kananura Rornald Muhumuza , Ssanyu Jacquellyn Nambi , Akuze Joseph , Amongin Dinah , Waiswa Peter
Published: April 2024

Introduction

Neonatal mortality remains a formidable challenge in low-resource settings, such as Uganda, despite global health initiatives. This study employs a social and verbal autopsy approach to identify the causes, settings and health accessibility challenges surrounding neonatal deaths in the Luuka district from 1 January 2017 to 31 December 2019.

Methods

We analysed data from 172 neonatal verbal and social autopsies (VASA) conducted over 3 years, as part of a maternal and neonatal demand and supply health system strengthening intervention. Cause-of-death coding was done by two independent medical officers using WHO-ICD-10 guidelines to ascertain the causes of death. VASA-coded data analysis of the causes of death was done in STATA V.14.0. In addition, 16 key informant interviews were conducted, including 2 community health workers,6 household members and 8 health workers, with qualitative data analysed through thematic content analysis.

Results

Among the 172 neonate deaths, 95.9% occurred in the early neonatal period (0–6 days) and 4.1% in the late neonatal period (7–27 days). The primary causes of death were birth asphyxia (42.4%), low birth weight/prematurity (18.6%), other perinatal causes (12.8%) and neonatal sepsis (9.3%). Delays in getting appropriate care at the facility (delay 3) and delays in seeking care (delay 1) (51.2% and 44.2%, respectively) were linked to newborn mortality. Qualitative insights underscored inadequate awareness of neonatal danger signs, deficient referral systems, drug shortages, reliance on unskilled traditional birth attendants and insufficient neonatal care facilities as significant contributors.

Conclusion

Addressing delays in both home-based care (delay 1) and timely access to appropriate care in healthcare facilities (delays 2 and 3) is pivotal in mitigating neonatal mortality. Comprehensive interventions targeting improved access to maternal services and enhanced quality of care in health facilities are imperative for advancing newborn survival in rural settings.
Incidence of staff injury and illness at the Tokyo 2020 and Beijing 2022 Olympic and Paralympic Games
Authors: Larson Emily G , Hasley Ike , Post Eric G , Cali Malia G , Clark Stephanie C , McPherson April L , Noble-Taylor Kayle E , Robinson David M , Anderson Travis , Finnoff Jonathan , Adams William M
Published: April 2024

Objective

To report epidemiological data regarding injury and illness among the Team USA staff during the Tokyo 2020 Summer Olympic and Paralympic Games and Beijing 2022 Winter Olympic and Paralympic Games.

Methods

A retrospective review of all Team USA staff (total staff, N=1703 (62.5% female); total staff days (SD)=34 489) medical encounters during the Tokyo 2020 Games and Beijing 2022 Games was conducted. Details related to injury and illness were evaluated. Incidence with 95% CI per 1000 staff days were calculated.

Results

A total of 32 illnesses (incidence [95% CI] 0.9 [0.6, 1.2]) and 23 injuries (incidence 0.7 [0.4, 0.9]) were sustained by the Team USA delegation staff members during the Tokyo 2020 Games and Beijing 2022 Games. Female staff reported more illnesses (illnesses proportion (IP) 2.9%; incidence 1.4 [0.8, 2.0]), while male staff incurred more injuries (IP 1.8%; incidence 0.9 [0.5, 1.3]). When stratified by physiological system, dermatological and infectious were the most common systems involved with illness (IP 0.5%; incidence 0.2 [0.1, 0.4]). Injuries to the upper limb were most common (IP 0.3%; incidence 0.3 [0.1, 0.5]).

Conclusion

Injury and illness rates among the Team USA staff during the Tokyo 2020 Games and Beijing 2022 Games were low, but notable. Knowledge of injury and illness risks contributes to staffing decisions and prevention strategies for staff supporting athletes during competition.
Facies analysis for the Neoarchean Itchen and Sherpa formations of the Winter Lake greenstone belt, Slave craton, Northwest Territories, Canada
Authors: MacMillan E.J. , Knox B. , DeWolfe Y.M. , Partin C.A.
Published: April 2024

There are numerous Neoarchean metasedimentary rock packages in the Slave craton, and they serve as important archives of tectonic processes. Little is documented on the Neoarchean sedimentary packages of the Winter Lake greenstone belt of the central Slave craton, however, and their interpretation can aid in the understanding of the final stages of Slave craton amalgamation. This project investigates the depositional environments and tectonic settings of the Itchen Formation and Sherpa Formation of the Winter Lake greenstone belt. Our study provides constraints for reconstructing the Neoarchean evolution of the central Slave craton through bedrock mapping and facies analysis. The Itchen Formation consists of submature mudstone, siltstone, and sandstone, with preserved graded bedding, planar bedding, and flame structures. Unconformably overlying the Itchen Formation is the Sherpa Formation, which is dominated by polymictic conglomerates and coarse-grained sandstones with preserved cross-bedding, imbricated clasts, and scour surfaces. The Itchen Formation is interpreted to have been deposited in a convergent basin (i.e., retro-arc foreland basin), where two facies associations outline turbidite and suspension sedimentation consistent with submarine fan deposition on a continental slope and a basin floor environment. By contrast, the Sherpa Formation has three facies associations representing dominantly alluvial–fluvial environments in terrestrial–marine–lacustrine settings deposited in pull-apart basins resulting from transtensional forces associated with the Beniah fault zone.
Investigating the effect of oxygen vacancy on electronic, optical, thermoelectric and thermodynamic properties of CeO2 (ceria) for energy and ReRAM applications: A first-principles quantum analysis
Authors: Mirza Shafaat Hussain , Azam Sikander , Abbas Zeesham , Shaikh Shoyebmohamad F.
Published: April 2024

CeO2 thin film-based devices have become hot favorite candidates for researchers due to the outstanding characteristics of ceria such as memory storage materials, high oxygen storage capacity, excellent chemical and thermal stability, high transparency in visible region and highly tunable energy band structures. Developing suitable materials for industrial uses like optoelectronic and thermoelectric devices is the primary goal of researchers in the field of renewable energy. Herein, we have investigated the optical, thermoelectric and thermodynamic properties of CeO2 and [Formula: see text] as promising candidates for energy applications using first-principles calculations. We can observe significant absorption of incident photons by CeO2 and [Formula: see text] near UV region. The highest peaks of the [Formula: see text] are present around 3.7[Formula: see text]eV in spin [Formula: see text] channel, however, in spin [Formula: see text] channel, the highest peaks of the [Formula: see text] are present around 3.5[Formula: see text]eV. The most intense peaks that emerge are due to the transitions of O[[Formula: see text]] to Ce [[Formula: see text]]. The investigated values of [Formula: see text] reveal that CeO2 and [Formula: see text] are active optical materials. CeO2 and [Formula: see text] reflect a negligible number of incident photons ([Formula: see text]%) in the entire energy range. The positive value of the S shows that the CeO2 under study is p-type semiconductor, while [Formula: see text] is n-type semiconductor as its S value is negative. The S values for CeO2 are close to the established standard. As a result, CeO2 is a viable thermoelectric material for use in devices. The figure of merit (ZT) spectra reveals that CeO2 ([Formula: see text]) is a more capable candidate for thermoelectric materials compared to [Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text]). The investigated thermodynamic parameters reveal that CeO2 and [Formula: see text] are dynamically stable compounds.
INFLUENCE OF PRECURSOR MOLARITY AND LEAF EXTRACT CONCENTRATION ON PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF ZINC OXIDE (ZnO) NANOPARTICLES SYNTHESIZED USING MORINGA OLEIFERA LEAF EXTRACT
Authors: PRAKASH K. M. KAVYA , PRAKASH V. , GOPINATH P. GOKUL
Published: April 2024

Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) exhibit optical, electrical, and magnetic properties depending on their size and morphology. These properties are essential for using ZnONPs in various fields such as cosmetics, electronics and medicine. The properties and applications of ZnONPs depend on how they are synthesized, whether physical, chemical, or biological. This study aimed to produce ZnONPs by utilizing the leaf extract of Moringa oleifera and to study the effect of precursor molarity and leaf extract concentration on physical properties. The precipitated compound was characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), and Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDAX). Here, we prepared ZnONPs under four different molarity (0.2[Formula: see text]M, 0.3[Formula: see text]M 0.4[Formula: see text]M, and 0.5[Formula: see text]M) and two different leaf extract concentrations (10[Formula: see text]ml, 15[Formula: see text]ml). We analyzed the difference obtained in the average particle size in each case. From the XRD the major diffraction peaks are observed at 36.3, 47.53, 36.33, and 36 for 0.2[Formula: see text]M, 0.3[Formula: see text]M, 0.4[Formula: see text]M, and 0.5[Formula: see text]M, respectively. The average particle size was found to be in the range of 12–30[Formula: see text]nm. UV study was used to inspect the optical nature of the prepared ZnONPs and SEM confirmed the sample’s morphology. Investigations on the role of precursor molarity and leaf extract concentration in synthesizing ZnONPs indicated that average particle size increases with increasing precursor molarity and leaf extract concentration. The study also suggested that synthesizing metal oxide nanoparticles using botanical extract is an eco-friendly alternative to physical and chemical methods.
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON THERMAL BARRIER-COATED DIESEL ENGINE USING ANTIOXIDANT-DOPED ORANGE PEEL OIL BIODIESEL
Authors: REDDY R. MEENAKSHI , SINGH RAVINDRA PRATAP , KAUR JATINDER , KUMAR HIMANSHU , KANNAN SATHISH , HOSSAIN ISMAIL , KALIAPPAN SEENIAPPAN , AL OBAID SAMI , ALHARBI SULAIMAN ALI
Published: April 2024

The performance and emission characteristics of pure orange peel methyl ester (OPME) were examined in this study to determine the impact of antioxidant additions. To enhance engine performance and reduce emissions, butylated hydroxytoluene (BH) was added to the prepared methyl ester at different concentrations of 250, 500, 750 and 1000[Formula: see text]ppm. The blended biodiesel was tested in a compression ignition (CI) engine as well as a ceramic-coated engine. The conventional engine in this study was later converted into a low-heat rejection engine by coating Yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) on the piston crown. The coating on the piston was done by the traditional atmospheric plasma spray (APS) method. The tests were conducted by changing the load of the engine from 0% to 100% with a 25% interval. The readings obtained from conventional and coated engines using BH-dosed OPME were compared with diesel-operated conventional engines. Specifically, at 750 ppm BH dosage, brake thermal efficiency (BTE) increases by 3.04%, while brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) decreases by 15.3%. Moreover, carbon monoxide (CO) emissions decrease by 36.6%, and hydrocarbon (HC) emissions decrease by 39.1% compared to conventional diesel operation. These findings highlight the efficacy of antioxidant-doped OPME in enhancing engine efficiency and reducing harmful emissions, making it a promising alternative fuel for sustainable transportation.
The Effects of Grape/Grape Products on Inflammatory and Oxidative Stress Markers: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Dehghani Fereshteh , Soltani Sepideh , Kolahdouz-Mohammadi Roya , C. T. Clark Cain , Abdollahi Shima
Published: April 2024

Background. A growing body of evidence has demonstrated the multiple effects of the individual phenolic antioxidants of grapes. However, it is not clear whether grape and its derivatives exert anti-inflammatory effects. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we sought to examine the effects of grape/grape products on inflammation and oxidative stress in adults. Methods. This study has been conducted based on the PRISMA checklist. A systematic literature search in PubMed, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library was conducted, from inception until January 2022, to identify eligible trials. Mean differences and standard deviations were pooled using random-effects models. Results. Twenty-nine eligible trials were included. Grape and its products significantly increased the catalase activity (n = 3 studies, 64 participants; WMD = 5.49 U/mg protein, 95% CI: 4.76, 6.22; P<0.001; I2 = 0%; P-heterogeneity = 0.98), oxygen radical absorbance capacity (n = 5 studies, 206 participants; WMD = 90.06 µmol/l TE, 95% CI: 35.97, 144.15; P=0.001; I2 = 35.6%; P-heterogeneity = 0.18), and total antioxidant capacity (n = 4 studies, 224 participants; WMD = 62.48 µmol/l, 95% CI: 31.62, 93.33; P<0.001; I2 = 55.2%; P-heterogeneity = 0.08) and decreased thiobarbituric acid reactive substances levels (n = 5 studies, 153 participants; WMD = −0.17 nmol/mg, 95% CI: −0.31, −0.03; P=0.02; I2 = 34.2%; P-heterogeneity = 0.19). No significant change was observed for inflammatory markers. Conclusion. Although grape/grape products elicited increases in antioxidant agents, they had no significant effect on inflammatory factors. This may be related to the low levels of baseline inflammatory factors, as none of the included studies enrolled patients with acute inflammation. Further well-designed studies are warranted to examine grape’s efficacy on inflammation and oxidative stress.
Influence of Sweeteners on the Phytochemical and Physicochemical Quality and Consumer Acceptability of Roselle Beverage
Authors: Kizzie-Hayford Nazir , Seidu-Larry Salifu , Owusu-Ansah Shilla , Quaye Bright , Ampofo-Asiama Jerry
Published: April 2024

Bissap is prepared from Roselle calyxes (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) by hot infusion and marketed as a health drink. To improve the tart attributes, sucrose is usually added. However, because of nutrition and health concerns, processors explore other types of sweeteners, but the impact on the phytochemical and physicochemical quality and sensory properties of Bissap is not reported despite the potential influence on consumer acceptability. In this study, Roselle calyx extract was prepared to which sugarloaf pineapple pulp, Roscoe ginger, Negro/Ethiopian pepper, and cloves were added to obtain the Bissap stock (control). Then, either sucrose, caramel, honey, or sucralose was added to the Bissap to achieve a comparable sweetness (13.1°Brix), and the effects were assessed during storage. The results showed that caramel and honey significantly increased the nonenzymatic browning of Bissap from 0.49±0.04 to 0.66±0.07 and 0.64±0.02, and the cloud value from 0.14±0.01 to 0.23±0.01 and 0.28±0.02, respectively. The use of honey increased the ascorbic acid from 2.58±0.17 to 3.35±0.19 mg AE/mL, phenols from 11.25±0.90 to 17.66±1.07 mg GAE/mL, flavonoid from 15.33±1.12 to 27.02±1.69 mg QE/mL, and antioxidant capacity from 16.59±1.34 to 25.36±1.00 mg GAE/mL. During storage, ascorbate content decreased, but at a rate lower for honey-Bissap than the other sweeteners whilst the flavonoid and antioxidant activity of honey- and caramel-Bissap improved. The physicochemical changes led to a shelf life of 10 days at 6°C storage. Sensory analysis revealed the highest consumer (n=75) acceptability scores for sucrose (5.89±0.17), sucralose (5.43±0.17), caramel (5.07±0.17), honey (4.30±0.20), and unsweetened Bissap (2.59±0.22). Although honey enhanced the functional quality of Bissap, sucralose showed the highest potential as an alternative sweetener.
A Comprehensive Review of Ethnomedicinal Uses, Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, and Toxicity of Prunus africana (Hook. F.) Kalkman from Africa
Authors: Ndung’u James K. , Nguta Joseph M. , Mapenay Isaac M. , Moriasi Gervason A.
Published: April 2024

Prunus africana, a widely utilized medicinal plant in various African ethnic communities, continues to hold significant importance in traditional healing practices. Research has identified phytochemical compounds in this plant, exhibiting diverse pharmacological activities that offer potential for pharmaceutical development. Notably, P. africana is employed in treating various ailments such as wounds, diabetes mellitus, malaria, benign prostatic hyperplasia, chest pain, and prostate cancer. Its pharmacological properties are attributed to a spectrum of bioactive compounds, including tannins, saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, phytosterols, and fatty acids. Multiple studies have documented the anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antiandrogenic, antiangiogenic, antioxidant, antidipeptidyl peptidase-4 activity, analgesic, and astringent properties of P. africana extracts. This review offers a comprehensive compilation of ethnomedicinal applications, phytochemical composition, pharmacological effects, and toxicity assessments of P. africana, serving as a foundation for future preclinical and clinical investigations. By understanding its traditional uses and chemical constituents, researchers can target specific medical conditions with greater precision, potentially expediting the development of safe and effective pharmaceuticals. Moreover, toxicity assessments provide crucial insights into the safety profile of P. africana extracts, ensuring the development of safe pharmaceuticals to treat various diseases.
Assessing the Value of Incorporating a Polygenic Risk Score with Nongenetic Factors for Predicting Breast Cancer Diagnosis in the UK Biobank
Authors: Collister Jennifer A. , Liu Xiaonan , Littlejohns Thomas J. , Cuzick Jack , Clifton Lei , Hunter David J.
Published: April 2024

Background:

Previous studies have demonstrated that incorporating a polygenic risk score (PRS) to existing risk prediction models for breast cancer improves model fit, but to determine its clinical utility the impact on risk categorization needs to be established. We add a PRS to two well-established models and quantify the difference in classification using the net reclassification improvement (NRI).

Methods:

We analyzed data from 126,490 post-menopausal women of “White British” ancestry, aged 40 to 69 years at baseline from the UK Biobank prospective cohort. The breast cancer outcome was derived from linked registry data and hospital records. We combined a PRS for breast cancer with 10-year risk scores from the Tyrer–Cuzick and Gail models, and compared these to the risk scores from the models using phenotypic variables alone. We report metrics of discrimination and classification, and consider the importance of the risk threshold selected.

Results:

The Harrell's C statistic of the 10-year risk from the Tyrer–Cuzick and Gail models was 0.57 and 0.54, respectively, increasing to 0.67 when the PRS was included. Inclusion of the PRS gave a positive NRI for cases in both models [0.080 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.053–0.104) and 0.051 (95% CI, 0.030–0.073), respectively], with negligible impact on controls.

Conclusions:

The addition of a PRS for breast cancer to the well-established Tyrer–Cuzick and Gail models provides a substantial improvement in the prediction accuracy and risk stratification.

Impact:

These findings could have important implications for the ongoing discussion about the value of PRS in risk prediction models and screening.
A Cohort Study of CNS Tumors in Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1
Authors: Graillon Thomas , Romanet Pauline , Camilla Clara , Gélin Camille , Appay Romain , Roche Catherine , Lagarde Arnaud , Mougel Grégory , Farah Kaissar , Le Bras Maëlle , Engelhardt Julien , Kalamarides Michel , Peyre Matthieu , Amelot Aymeric , Emery Evelyne , Magro Elsa , Cebula Hélène , Aboukais Rabih , Bauters Catherine , Jouanneau Emmanuel , Berhouma Moncef , Cuny Thomas , Dufour Henry , Loiseau Hugues , Figarella-Branger Dominique , Bauchet Luc , Binquet Christine , Barlier Anne , Goudet Pierre
Published: April 2024

Purpose:

Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) is thought to increase the risk of meningioma and ependymoma. Thus, we aimed to describe the frequency, incidence, and specific clinical and histological features of central nervous system (CNS) tumors in the MEN1 population (except pituitary tumors).

Experimental Design:

The study population included patients harboring CNS tumors diagnosed with MEN1 syndrome after 1990 and followed up in the French MEN1 national cohort. The standardized incidence ratio (SIR) was calculated based on the French Gironde CNS Tumor Registry. Genomic analyses were performed on somatic DNA from seven CNS tumors, including meningiomas and ependymomas from patients with MEN1, and then on 50 sporadic meningiomas and ependymomas.

Results:

A total of 29 CNS tumors were found among the 1,498 symptomatic patients (2%; incidence = 47.4/100,000 person-years; SIR = 4.5), including 12 meningiomas (0.8%; incidence = 16.2/100,000; SIR = 2.5), 8 ependymomas (0.5%; incidence = 10.8/100,000; SIR = 17.6), 5 astrocytomas (0.3%; incidence = 6.7/100,000; SIR = 5.8), and 4 schwannomas (0.3%; incidence = 5.4/100,000; SIR = 12.7). Meningiomas in patients with MEN1 were benign, mostly meningothelial, with 11 years earlier onset compared with the sporadic population and an F/M ratio of 1/1. Spinal and cranial ependymomas were mostly classified as World Health Organization grade 2. A biallelic MEN1 inactivation was observed in 4/5 ependymomas and 1/2 meningiomas from patients with MEN1, whereas MEN1 deletion in one allele was present in 3/41 and 0/9 sporadic meningiomas and ependymomas, respectively.

Conclusions:

The incidence of each CNS tumor was higher in the MEN1 population than in the French general population. Meningiomas and ependymomas should be considered part of the MEN1 syndrome, but somatic molecular data are missing to conclude for astrocytomas and schwannomas.
Diffuse Pleural Mesotheliomas with Genomic Near-Haploidization: A Newly Recognized Subset with Distinct Clinical, Histologic, and Molecular Features
Authors: Yang Soo-Ryum , Jayakumaran Gowtham , Benhamida Jamal , Febres-Aldana Christopher A. , Fanaroff Rachel , Chang Jason , Gedvilaite Erika , Villafania Liliana B. , Sauter Jennifer L. , Offin Michael , Zauderer Marjorie G. , Ladanyi Marc
Published: April 2024

Purpose:

Diffuse pleural mesotheliomas (DPM) with genomic near-haploidization (GNH) represent a novel subtype first recognized by The Cancer Genome Atlas project; however, its clinicopathologic and molecular features remain poorly defined.

Experimental Design:

We analyzed clinical genomic profiling data from 290 patients with DPM using the Memorial Sloan Kettering-Integrated Mutation Profiling of Actionable Cancer Targets (MSK-IMPACT) assay. Allele-specific copy number analysis was performed using the Fraction and Allele-Specific Copy Number Estimates from Tumor Sequencing (FACETS) algorithm.

Results:

A total of 210 patients were evaluable for loss of heterozygosity (LOH) analysis using FACETS from MSK-IMPACT tumor:normal sequencing data. In this cohort, GNH, defined as LOH across >80% of the genome, was detected in 10 cases (4.8%). Compared with non-GNH tumors, GNH DPMs were associated with younger age and less frequent self-reported history of occupational asbestos exposure. Histologically, GNH DPMs were enriched in biphasic subtype (80% vs. 14.5%) and showed abundant tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). Genomic analysis revealed a higher frequency of TP53 alterations, whereas SETDB1 mutations were present in nearly all and only in this subset. The clinicopathologic and molecular findings were further validated in a separate cohort. Despite the younger age, patients with GNH DPMs had a shorter overall survival (10.9 vs. 25.4 months, P = 0.004); the poor prognostic impact of GNH remained significant after controlling for biphasic histology. Of three patients with GNH DPMs who received immune checkpoint blockade, two achieved a clinician-assessed partial response.

Conclusions:

GNH defines an aggressive subtype of mainly biphasic DPMs in younger patients with recurrent alterations in SETDB1 and TP53. The enrichment in biphasic histology and TILs, together with our preliminary immune checkpoint blockade response data and anecdotal clinical trial data, suggests that further evaluation of immunotherapy may be warranted in this subset.
The Caudal Neurosecretory System: A Still Enigmatic Second Neuroendocrine Complex in Fish
Authors: Rousseau Karine , Girardot Fabrice , Parmentier Caroline , Tostivint Hervé
Published: April 2024

The caudal neurosecretory system (CNSS) is a neuroendocrine complex, whose existence is specific to fishes. In teleosts, it consists of neurosecretory cells (Dahlgren cells) whose fibers are associated with a neurohemal terminal tissue (urophysis). In other actinopterygians as well as in chondrichthyes, the system is devoid of urophysis, so that Dahlgren cells end in a diffuse neurohemal region. Structurally, it has many similarities with the hypothalamic-neurohypophysial system. However, it differs regarding its position at the caudal end of the spinal cord and the nature of the hormones it secretes, the most notable ones being urotensins. The CNSS was first described more than 60 years ago, but its embryological origin is still hypothetical, and its role is poorly understood. Observations and experimental data gave some evidences of a possible involvement in osmoregulation, stress, and reproduction. But one may question the benefit for fish to possess this second neurosecretory system, while the central hypothalamic-pituitary complex already controls such functions. As an introduction of our review, a brief report on the discovery of the CNSS is given. A description of its organization follows, and our review then focuses on the neuroendocrinology of the CNSS with the different factors it produces and secretes. The current knowledge on the ontogenesis and developmental origin of the CNSS is also reported, as well as its evolution. A special focus is finally given on what is known on its potential physiological roles.
Reticular Bullous Epithelial Corneal Edema after Netarsudil Use for Elevated Intraocular Pressure with Concurrent Fuchs Endothelial Corneal Dystrophy: A Case Report
Authors: Park Kathryn S. , Lieu Alexander C. , Ang Michael J. , Afshari Natalie A.
Published: April 2024

Introduction: We describe a case of reticular bullous corneal epithelial edema associated with the use of netarsudil ophthalmic solution (0.02%) for elevated intraocular pressure. Case Presentation: A 74-year-old man with a complex ocular medical history, including Fuchs dystrophy and primary open-angle glaucoma, developed progressively worsening loss of vision 3 weeks following the initiation of topical netarsudil for increased intraocular pressure. Visual acuity in the left eye was counting fingers at 3 feet and intraocular pressure in the left eye was 7 mm Hg. A characteristic “honeycomb” pattern epitheliopathy was seen on ocular examination. Conclusion: Reticular bullous epithelial corneal edema is an uncommon finding associated with netarsudil use, which can be overlooked in favor of corneal edema associated with Fuchs dystrophy. This is especially relevant given Fuchs dystrophy itself is a predisposing risk factor for netarsudil-induced reticular bullous corneal epithelial edema. Improvement of both the corneal edema and visual acuity should be expected after discontinuing netarsudil and undergoing superficial keratectomy.
Imagem sensível da ordem humana
Authors: Garcia Wilton
Published: April 2024

Este texto oferece uma leitura crítico-conceitual sobre a imagem sensível da ordem humana. O corpus aqui é uma fotografia, da internet, sem seus dados (autoria, dimensão, técnica, título etc). Do ponto de vista da comunicação, a dinâmica da cultura digital articula, estrategicamente, a informação para o(a) usuário-interator(a), na condição adaptativa de atualização entre experiência e performance. Para tal proposta, os estudos contemporâneos servem de base teórico-metodológica, a entrelaçar arte, comunicação e design. O resultado deste debate ressalta aspectos econômicos, identitários, socioculturais e políticos.
Pensamento latino-americano e a imprensa alternativa: relações com o jornal lampião da esquina
Authors: Amaral Muriel Emídio Pessoa do
Published: April 2024

O pensamento latino-americano comunicacional repercutiu em vários países dessa porção continental criando referências e estabelecendo novas formas de fazer e pensar a comunicação. Há várias contribuições dos autores dessa escola para o desenvolvimento da imprensa alternativa, também conhecida como imprensa nanica. Essa vertente da imprensa brasileira foi um mecanismo adotado para enfrentar e ao mesmo tempo amenizar as influências das estruturas de poder referentes à comunicação, na mesma medida que foi um dos canais criados para proporcionar o reconhecimento da cidadania de indivíduos considerados como “minorias” sociais. Com revisão bibliográfica e análise dos editorais, esse trabalho pretende analisar a relação do pensamento comunicacional latino-americano para o enfrentamento do poder com o recorte do jornal Lampião da Esquina, um veículo de comunicação importante voltado para o reconhecimento do papel social de homossexuais entre os anos de 1978 e 1981.
Por entre fronteiras de uma pedagogia que pauta a educação pelas artes gingando saberes e práticas populares
Authors: Bussoletti Denise Marcos , Vargas Vagner de Souza
Published: April 2024

Some educational proposals have been reflecting about concepts that should guide the academical training as well as the educational practices in society. The aim of this article is to present some aspects of the activities developed by the Nucleous of Arts, Languages and subjectivities, from Federal University of Pelotas, southern Brazil, in comitment to the Border Pedagogy and Aesthetics of Ginga, presenting our proposal and actions with the Tutorial Education Program Borders; Popular Knowledges and Practices. We believe that the more we enter within the discursive practices that represent diversity, the more we are enabling us to address the gaps in terms of this particular production. Therefore, we emphasize that our actions represent different approaches from those traditionally employed in our local society, where the arts are our work field in order to touch and stimulate reflections in different social groups, usually putted from the perception of their role in society, to realize their potential, values, importance and ability to change social paradigms.
TV Comunitária: entre iguais e diferentes - um espaço para o ator social
Authors: Pereira Fabiana da Costa , Fossa Maria Ivete Trevisan
Published: April 2024

A mídia comunitária é caracterizada pela gestão compartilhada, programação diversificada e voltada ao interesse da comunidade onde está inserida. Porém, dentro da realidade brasileira, algumas dessas características se perdem, abrindo espaço para o uso desse canal para propositos particulares, ou ainda, mesmo com interesse comunitário, sem conseguir alcançar efetivamente seu objetivo.  As dificulades passam pelas especificidades do meio televisivo, o que resulta na baixa produção de material audiovisual nos meios comunitários, como na baixa inserção da população na gestão desses veículos. Mudanças significativas nessa situação somente quando os indivíduos ocuparem os espaços abertos pelas mídias comunitárias, e como atores socias, construirem espaços realmente multiculturais.
Una larga revolución: reflexiones sobre la conformación del sector de medios públicos audiovisuales en Argentina y Brasil en la primera década del siglo XXI
Authors: Monje Daniela
Published: April 2024

O artigo expõe os resultados obtidos em pesquisas anteriores que sinalizam uma emergência a partir dos primeiros anos da década de 2000, por experiências denominadas de meios públicos e ainda quando fazem parte de políticas nacionais, se reeditam com matrizes de toda a região. Estas constatações permitem formular um problema de maior esforço, vinculado à configuração do ecossistema de meios públicos nos países da região, que acontece desde o começo da década de 2000, a partir do desenho de políticas inspiradas na defesa da comunicação como direito. Neste caso, podemos formular algumas questões sobre identidade, estrutura e conteúdo dos sistemas públicos audiovisuais emergentes, bem como sobre os atores que fazem parte dessa configuração, analisando comparativamente os casos entre Argentina e Brasil.
Uma proposta de categorias de qualidade e avaliação para interfaces jornalísticas em tablets
Authors: Oliveira Vivian Rodrigues , Paulino Rita Cássia Romeiro
Published: April 2024

O presente estudo faz parte de um projeto de pesquisa em andamento, do Mestrado em Jornalismo da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (Posjor/UFSC), que avalia as interfaces jornalísticas em aplicativos móveis a partir do uso do design digital para tablets. Esse projeto  possui uma etapa empírica e outra aplicada. A etapa empírica trata de uma análise qualitativa de três produtos para tablets: Estadão Noite, O Globo A Mais e Diário Catarinense. A etapa aplicada consiste na reconstrução de uma seleção de interfaces digitais para tablets. O objetivo mais amplo desse artigo é elaborar um conjunto de categorias de qualidade e avaliação de interfaces para tablets que apoiem o projeto de pesquisa citado.
A rede dos presídios goianos e sua importância em termos de colonização
Authors: Regina Maria
Published: April 2024

(1º parágrafo do artigo)

Considerando que a tese: A REDE DOS PRESIDIOS GOIANOS E SUA IMPORTÄNCIA EM TERMOS DE COLONIZAÇÃO. (O modelo do presídio de Santa Leopoldina do Araguaia, 1860-1865) não será publicada de imediato, julgamos que a sua bibliografia poderia ser de eventual utilidade.

Não apenas a endereçamos aos estudiosos do passado histórico de Goiás, mas ainda aqueles que se iniciam no campo da pesquisa, visando a elaboração de trabalhos universitários. Assim, esperamos que o roteiro abaixo transcrito possa trazer alguma orientação à classificação do material bibliográfico indispensavel à elaboração dos mesmos.
Raças e classes no Brasil
Authors: Ponte Romero Ximenes
Published: April 2024

resenha do livro:

IANNI, Otávio. Raças e classes sociais no Brasil. Editora Civilização Brasileira, 2ª ed. Rio de Janeiro, 1972
Defesa de tese pela professora Euza Rossi de Aguiar Frazão
Authors: Corassin Maria Luiza
Published: April 2024

tese defendida
Os anos trinta no Brasil
Authors: Andrade Manuel Correia de
Published: April 2024

(1º parágrafo do artigo)

Sempre nos preocupamos com a Revolução de 30 e com a sua importância para a evolução política e econômica do Brasil, por considera- la um movimento que abalou as velhas estruturas implantadas no país pela colonização portuguesa e, que não haviam sido ainda abaladas, em seus alicerces mais profundos, nem pela Independência nem pela República.
Resenha do livro: América Latina contemporânea: modernização, desenvolvimento, dependência
Authors: Frazão Euza Rossi de Aguiar
Published: April 2024

Resenha do livro:

LOBO, Eulália Maria Lahmeyer. América Latina contemporânea: modernização, desenvolvimento, dependência. Rio de Janeiro, Zahar Editores, 1970, 205 páginas.
resenha do livro: o fardo do homem branco: Southey, historiador do Brasil
Authors: Iglésias Francisco
Published: April 2024

resenha do livro: DIAS, Maria Odila da Silva. O fardo do homem branco: Southey, historiador do Brasil. Brasiliana, 34. São Paulo: Companhia Editora Nacional, 1974, 298 p.
Entrevista com Marcelino Freire - Youtube
Authors: Pereira Viviane Araújo da Costa Alves , Cristo Maria da Luz Pinheiro de
Published: April 2024

Entrevista em vídeo. Link para o youtube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kFOyoFwjUQs
O trabalho do escritor Luiz Ruffato
Authors: Pereira Viviane Araújo Alves da Costa , Cristo Maria da Luz Pinheiro de
Published: April 2024

Na entrevista realizada em novembro de 2016, o escritor Luiz Ruffato adverte logo de início: “eu sou um autor sem manuscrito”. A essa primeira assertiva, seguiu-se mais de uma hora de entrevista, que agora publicamos, em torno de seu processo de criação e das demais atividades que desempenha, como editor, cronista, pesquisador e leitor. Algumas referências localizam a entrevista: a coluna publicada no jornal El País “semana passada” ou o “penúltimo texto” do blog Lendo os clássicos. O contexto político brasileiro, no entanto e infelizmente, segue atual, cheio de convicções sem provas. Atuais também as reflexões sobre o papel do escritor e da própria literatura: Luiz Ruffato defende a literatura como profissão, uma postura política que se traduz na construção de seus personagens, trabalhadores, pessoas comuns, anônimas, cujas histórias interessa contar.
Acesso à entrevista:
Parte 1
Parte 2 
Parte 3
Prognostic Impact of Sinus Rhythm in Atrial Fibrillation Patients: Separating Rhythm Outcomes From Randomized Strategy Findings From the CABANA Trial
Authors: Bunch T. Jared , Poole Jeanne E. , Silverstein Adam P. , Lee Kerry L. , Al-Khalidi Hussein R. , Hindricks Gerhard , Romanov Alexander , Pokushalov Evgeny , Bahnson Tristram D. , Daniels Melanie R. , Piccini Jonathan P. , Mark Daniel B. , Packer Douglas L. ,   for the CABANA Investigators
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:

Clinically detected atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with a significant increase in mortality and other adverse cardiovascular events. Since the advent of effective methods for AF rhythm control, investigators have attempted to determine how much these adverse prognostic AF effects could be mitigated by the restoration of sinus rhythm (SR) and whether the method used mattered.

METHODS:

The CABANA trial (Catheter Ablation versus Antiarrhythmic Drug Therapy for Atrial Fibrillation) randomized 2204 AF patients to ablation versus drug therapy, of which 1240 patients were monitored in follow-up using the CABANA ECG rhythm monitoring system. To assess the prognostic benefits of SR, we performed a prespecified analysis using Cox survival modeling with heart rhythm as a time-dependent variable and randomized treatment group as a stratification factor.

RESULTS:

In the 1240 patient study cohort, 883 (71.2%) had documented AF at some point during their postblanking follow-up. Among the 883 patients, 671 (76.0%) experienced AF within the first year of postblanking follow-up, and 212 (24.0%) experienced their first AF after ≥1 year of postblanking follow-up. The primary CABANA end point (death, disabling stroke, serious bleeding, or cardiac arrest) occurred in 95 (10.8%) of the 883 patients with documented AF and in 29 (8.1%) of the 357 patients with no AF recorded during follow-up. In multivariable time-dependent analysis, the presence of SR (compared with non-SR) was associated with a significantly reduced risk of the primary end point (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.57 [95% CI, 0.38–0.85];
P
=0.006; independent of treatment strategy [ablation versus drugs]). Corresponding results for all-cause mortality were adjusted hazard ratio of 0.59 [95% CI, 0.35–1.01];
P
=0.053).

CONCLUSIONS:

In patients in the CABANA trial with detailed long-term rhythm follow-up, increased time in SR was associated with a clinically consequential decrease in mortality and other adverse prognostic events. The predictive value of SR was independent of the therapeutic approach responsible for reducing the burden of detectable AF.

REGISTRATION:

URL:
https://clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique Identifier: NCT00911508
Resolving the taxonomic identities of some Dipcadi species from India
Authors: RODRIGUES HENSAL SALVADOR , DUTTA SUCHANDRA RANJIT , CHAKRAL KIRAN GANGADHAR
Published: April 2024

A new variety of Dipcadi concanense is described here which shares characters of D. concanense and D. janae-shrirangii but shows more affinity towards D. concanense. Dipcadi species with pure-white flowers and brownish-black seeds characters are separated into a new series within the genus Dipcadi. Dipcadi krishnadevarayae and D. montanum var. madrasicum have been synonymised in D. montanum. Half a century-long problem about the existence and status of D. maharashtrense and D. minor has been discussed.
Erratum: PEDRO DÍAZ JIMÉNEZ, THOMAS B. CROAT, JONATHAN D. AMITH, MIGUEL ÁNGEL PÉREZFARRERA & PEDRO A. AGUILAR-RODRÍGUEZ (2024) A new species of broad-leafed Anthurium (Araceae) from the central region of Veracruz, Mexico Phytotaxa 644 (1): 63–68.
Authors: JIMÉNEZ PEDRO DÍAZ , CROAT THOMAS B. , AMITH JONATHAN D. , PÉREZFARRERA MIGUEL ÁNGEL , AGUILARRODRÍGUEZ PEDRO A.
Published: April 2024

Erratum