bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effect of relaxation education intervention on stress, anxiety, and depression in female teachers during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Pirzadeh Asiyeh , Abotalebi Zahra
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND:

The high levels of job stress, anxiety, and depression among teachers, which affect their job and quality of life, necessitate using methods to cope with these issues. The present study aimed to determine the effect of relaxation education intervention on stress, anxiety, and depression in female teachers in 2020.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

This research is semi-experimental. Herein, 100 female teachers were studied. Data collection was performed using the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-42 items (DASS-42) questionnaire that was completed three times by the teachers: before the intervention, 10 days after the intervention, and 1 month following it. Relaxation education intervention was conducted online and offline based on the bioenergy economy model and by doing psychosomatic exercises. The data obtained from the questionnaire were analyzed by the independent t-test, paired t-test, and R. M. analysis of variance (ANOVA).

RESULTS:

Before the intervention, there was no significant difference between the intervention and control groups in terms of stress (P = 0.385), anxiety (P = 0.168), and depression (P = 0.554) scores. The mean scores of stress, anxiety, and depression decreased significantly in the intervention group 10 days after the intervention; however, there was no significant change in the control group. The reduction in depression, stress, and anxiety remained constant in the intervention group during the 1-month follow-up. The results indicated that among the relaxation exercises, diaphragmatic breathing and meditation techniques were performed by the teachers for a longer period than other techniques.

CONCLUSION:

Results obtained suggested teaching short-term relaxation techniques as highly recommended to all school teachers. These techniques include diaphragmatic breathing and meditation. They can reduce their stress, anxiety, and depression, improve their mental health, and empower them to control their tensions and negative emotions.
Assessing the method of providing health services to at-risk groups during natural events (earthquake): A systematic review
Authors: Ramezankhani Ali , Sabouri Maryam
Published: October 2023

Disasters create a large amount of human needs. Health services in natural disasters are considered the main factor of human survival. The present study was conducted to determine the method of providing health services to at-risk groups during natural events such as earthquakes in 2022. This systematic review was conducted based on English and Persian studies published in Web of Science, Google Scholar, Scopus, Science Direct, and PubMed databases, as well as internal databases including SID, Magiran in the fields of title, abstract, and keywords such as natural disaster, earthquake, health services, mental health services, psychosocial support system, nursing services, relief, mental and physical health, and its MeSH equivalents with all of the possible combinations. Finally, 11 studies were identified as eligible among the 48 ones found in the initial search. To examine the quality of studies, the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) and STROBE evaluation checklists were used. Based on the results, 1834 studies were found after screening and investigating the inclusion criteria, among which 237 and 1549 were excluded due to repetition and unrelated titles, respectively. Then, 48 studies remained after reviewing their abstracts, resulting in including 11 in English (N = 10) and Persian (N = 1) from different countries during 2003–2020. The reviewed studies included semi-experimental and experimental (N = 5) and descriptive ones (N = 6). A large number of studies (N = 21) were related to providing services in the event of multiple disasters and were excluded. About 92% (N = 10) of the studies were conducted in English and more than 90% were related to providing services after the earthquake including providing mental health services (N = 6), the cognitive behavioral intervention (N = 3), rapid assessment of needs (N = 1), as well as mental health services and disaster education (N = 1). The vast majority of studies demonstrated improvement in psychosocial functioning, facilitation of children's normal development, and successful adaptive functioning with an intervention. Based on the results, mental health training affects more when local people are trained to assess the victims based on mental and psychological status. Earthquake is regarded as an opportunity that allows professionals to discover and introduce intervention combination modules to provide mental health services while helping victims who need emotional support and comfort. However, various types of services should be provided, especially in earthquake-prone areas before and after the earthquake in order to achieve a life with fewer complications and a higher quality considering the amount of trouble created by such disaster as a special condition.
Efficacy of jackfruit components in prevention and control of human disease: A scoping review
Authors: Tripathi Kanchan , Kumar Prashant , Kumar Rahul , Saxena Rahul , Kumar Ankur , Badoni Himani , Goyal Bela , Mirza Anissa Atif
Published: October 2023

The jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) is one of the natural remedies significantly used in folk medicine. The ethnopharmacological applications of jackfruit are mainly concerned with the management of inflammation, diarrhea, and diabetes mellitus. Flavonoids, stilbenoids, aryl benzofurans, and lectin jacalin are abundant in jackfruit species. Jacalin is a good indicator for evaluating the immunological state of HIV-1 patients. The extracts and metabolites of jackfruit, particularly those from the leaves, bark, stem, and fruit, contain several beneficial bioactive mixtures. New studies are focused on exploring these bioactive compounds used in various biological activities such as antiviral, antiplatelet, anticancer, antiatherosclerotic, immunomodulatory effects, inhibitors of 5-alpha reductase activity, and the formulation of fast-dissolving tablets (orodispersible, rapid melts porous). Multidisciplinary programs that integrate traditional and modern technology play a crucial role in the lies ahead expansion of jackfruit as the prospective inception of therapeutic compounds. This review aims to highlight significant results on the identification, production, and bioactivity of metabolites found in jackfruit, with current developments in jackfruit research in the control and prevention of human diseases.
Development and pilot testing of an online training program for better use of internet to learn about depression and anxiety (BUILDA)
Authors: Gu Yulong , Kalibatseva Zornitsa , Song Xu , Prakash Sreelekha
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND:

Depression and anxiety are common issues among college students in the United States. Although college students routinely use the Internet for information regarding their mental health, they might lack the digital health literacy required to search, evaluate, and use Internet resources.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

A web-based short training program with four modules aimed to improve mental health literacy and digital health literacy for Better Use of Internet to Learn about Depression and Anxiety (BUILDA). BUILDA was tested in a pilot study with 10 undergraduate students who completed the program and provided feedback via online surveys and exit interviews. Participants completed a pretest and a post-test, which included health literacy instruments and realistic case scenarios to assess student knowledge and ability to search and use Internet information on mental health topics. Descriptive analyses and paired t-tests were used.

RESULTS:

Increased knowledge about mental health topics was observed in pilot participants, with improvement in mean values of depression literacy (P = .01) and anxiety literacy (P = .019) from pretest to post-test. Better Internet search performance was also observed as the number of participants who scored >90% in case scenarios increased from two pretest to five post-test. Students used more valid and reliable Internet resources after training, citing more government health agency websites (20% in the pretest and 25% in the post-test) and scholarly resources (6% in the pretest and 30% in the post-test). The pilot participants reported the BUILDA program was useful and provided minor suggestions regarding program improvement.

CONCLUSIONS:

It was feasible to deliver a short training program via a simple website to help students develop mental health literacy and digital health skills.
Assessment of knowledge, readiness, and barriers hindering the performance of first aid measures in emergency situations among non-healthcare professionals of selected organizations of Udupi Taluk
Authors: Abraham Julliet , Alva Janet , Vinish V
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND:

A medical emergency is an unexpected event that poses a threat to one's health and safety. An individual who has received adequate first aid training is prepared to administer first aid promptly and effectively to a person in need until the arrival of medical assistance to prevent future problems that could result in disability or death. This study aims to assess the knowledge, readiness, and barriers to perform first aid measures.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

A descriptive survey was used to collect data from 384 non-healthcare professionals of selected organizations of Udupi Taluk with the help of a structured questionnaire from January 21, 2022 to April 13, 2022. The self-structured tool was validated with experts from the subject areas and reliability was obtained by using the Split half method (0.78) for the knowledge questionnaire, readiness scale by using Cronbach's alpha and the reliability coefficient was 0.80, and barrier checklist was accomplished by a test-retest method and reliability coefficient of 0.76. Data was organized, and frequency, percentage, and Chi-square analysis were performed using SPSS 16.0 version (IBM Corporation Business analytics software portfolio).

RESULTS:

The results revealed that out of 384 samples, 261 (68%) non-healthcare professionals had average first aid knowledge, and 359 (93.4%) of the samples were found to be willing to administer first aid in an emergency. The six hurdles identified to performing first aid were language 365 (95.1%), lack of information 344 (89.6%), lack of training 341 (88.8%), legal concerns 274 (71.4%), fear 230 (59.9%), and lack of confidence 68 (17.7%).

CONCLUSION:

The first aid knowledge among non-healthcare workers is generally average. Thus, the readiness of the non-healthcare professionals can be enhanced by improving their knowledge and reducing the barriers perceived by the non-healthcare professionals to provide first aid during a medical emergency with the help of first aid training and reading materials.
Setting up and assessing a therapeutic education program for asthmatic patients
Authors: El Abed Hanane , Ragala Mohammed EA , El Hilaly Jaouad , Zarrouq Btissame , Ait-Taleb Lahsen Hanaâ , Benjelloun Mohamed C. , Halim Karima
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND:

Asthma is a major public health issue. It remains uncontrolled, despite the availability of effective treatments. Appropriate education programs are required to improve the situation. The study aims to design and assess an educational program based on asthma patients' perceived needs.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

A cross-sectional prospective study was conducted in the pulmonology department of the Hassan II University Hospital in Fez. A convenience sample of asthma patients, whether hospitalized or not, was recruited. Two hundred and twenty adult asthma patients completed an educational needs survey (ENS). An asthma knowledge questionnaire for adult patients was used to assess the program on the criterion of improving asthma knowledge. Data collected by ENS was analyzed by standard descriptive statistics. The Student's T test for paired samples was used to compare the means of the Asthma Knowledge Questionnaire scores before and after therapeutic education.

RESULTS:

Most patients were married and residing in urban areas. The illiteracy rate was 50%. One patient was a regular smoker. 125 patients (56.82%) reported non-compliance to treatment. The pathophysiology of asthma (chronic airway inflammation, bronchial hyperreactivity, and bronchial obstruction), causes and complications, treatment (inhalation technique), asthma attacks and environmental management, lifestyle, and psychological support were the patients' main perceived educational needs. Based on these findings, an instructional program was created and evaluated with 30 patients. After the program, asthma knowledge increased significantly.

CONCLUSION:

Our results suggest that an educational intervention can improve asthma knowledge.
A protocol to evaluate the effectiveness of competency-based simulation training modules on the educational outcomes among MBBS students - A mixed method study
Authors: Zayapragassarazan Zayabalaradjane , Sumathy Masanam Kasi , Wyawahare Mukta , Pai Dinker
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND:

The growing recognition of the importance of simulation-based training has been a present focus of medical education curriculum planners. This study aims to design, develop, implement, and evaluate the educational outcomes of training modules for a list of essential skills that MBBS students in a tertiary care teaching hospital in South India need to learn as part of their competency-based MBBS curriculum.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

This sequential transformative mixed method study will be implemented in three phases: i) identification of essential skills for simulation-based training following the modified Delphi method, ii) development of skill training modules using ADDIE model of instructional design, implementation of the modules and collection of data on the educational outcomes and iii) a qualitative study involving in-depth interview and focus group discussion on understanding the potential for incorporating the modules into the present MBBS curriculum. Data on educational outcomes relevant to the study objectives will be collected using appropriate tools and analyzed using descriptive statistics and qualitative analytic methods.

RESULTS:

Phase one will tabulate the list of five essential skills and phase two educational outcomes will contain descriptive statistics on knowledge and skill acquisition, perception of simulation-based teaching and learning, and higher-order thinking skills. Phase three qualitative analysis will highlight the enabling and barrier aspects for incorporating this approach of simulation-based skill training within the current MBBS curriculum.

CONCLUSIONS:

The study outcomes will provide curriculum planners and educators insights into designing and implementing simulation-based skill training for undergraduate medical students. It will also help policymakers develop policies in medical education technologies to provide quality medical education and fulfill the objective of quality healthcare for all.
Oral health knowledge, attitude, and performance of teachers and healthcare workers in special schools for the disabled children in Isfahan
Authors: Nilchian Firouzeh , Ataie Zahra , Bahrami Elaheh
Published: October 2023

Oral health is an important aspect of general health, and is of great importance, especially in disabled children. A school is an ideal place for the implementation of preventive programs. Considering the significance of the prevention of dental caries and periodontal disease in disabled children, and the important role of teachers in the oral health promotion of students, this study aimed to assess the oral health knowledge, attitude, and performance of teachers and healthcare workers in special schools for the disabled children in Isfahan. This descriptive-analytical study evaluated the oral health knowledge, attitude, and performance of 172 teachers and healthcare workers of special schools for disabled children in Isfahan using a questionnaire. The participants were selected using census sampling. Quantitative and qualitative data were analyzed using SPSS via the Chi-square test, t-test, and Pearson's correlation coefficient at P < 0.05 level of significance. The mean score of knowledge and attitude of teachers was 72.2% and 80.5%, respectively. The mean score of knowledge of healthcare workers was significantly higher than that of teachers (P = 0.007). Age had no significant correlation with the knowledge score (P = 0.41) but was significantly correlated with the attitude score (P = 0.01). Work experience had a significant correlation with the knowledge (P = 0.02) and attitude (P = 0.005) scores. In addition, the educational level had a significant correlation with the knowledge (P < 0.001) and attitude (P = 0.007) scores. The findings of this research showed that work experience had a significant correlation with the knowledge and attitude scores, which can be due to more contact of teachers with longer work experience with disabled children and their higher perception of hygienic needs and problems of these children.
Fear of the unknown, anxiety, and social isolation in Iranian patients with Covid-19, the grounded theory
Authors: Zardosht Roghayeh , Ghardashi Fatemeh , Borzoee Fateme , Akbarzadeh Roya , Vafi Fatemeh , Yazdimoghaddam Hamideh , Samadipour Ezat
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND:

Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has incurred a health challenge. Patients suffer from many physical and mental disorders. To accurately identify the experience of patients with Covid-19 in the Iranian society.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

This qualitative research was conducted using the grounded theory. The data of this grounded theory study were collected using 32 semi-structured interviews with participants and field notes including the patients with Covid-19, nurses, physicians, and the patients' families. Data analysis was performed using Corbin and Strauss (2008) approach for concepts, context, process, and categories' integration.

RESULTS:

Qualitative analysis of data led to the extraction of 54 sub-categories and 7 final categories. “Isolation, fear of death, and fear of infection of relatives and family members” were identified as the main issue. The context to this concern was the “unfamiliarity with the virus due to its ambiguous nature that was obtained with a wide range of symptoms.” Facing this issue, the patients used the strategy of “adherence to health protocol in the coronavirus infection process” that was recognized as the central variable.

CONCLUSION:

The ambiguous and complex nature of the emerging virus, the appearance of different symptoms in different people, and the fear of infecting others, death and anxiety due to unknown complications of the disease make patients go through the most difficult experience of their lives. That requires ongoing training on up-to-date prevention and treatment protocols, along with the emergence of mutated viruses and new symptoms.
The effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) on illness perception in orthopedic patients
Authors: Pilevar Sahar , Teymouri Saeed , Bayazi Mohammad Hossein , Rajaei Ali Reza
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND:

Orthopedic pain is diagnosed and treated as a global health problem. Therapeutic interventions can change the behavior of patients and improve their quality of life. This study was aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) on illness perception among orthopedic patients.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

This quasi-experimental study was conducted as a two-group design (one experimental group and one control group) with pretest and posttest. Participants were selected from patients referred to the Mooud Physiotherapy Center in Mashhad, Iran. Patients were randomly divided into experimental and control groups (12 in each group). The experimental group received weekly sessions for three months (eight sessions), whereas the control group did not receive any intervention. Data were collected through Weinman's Illness Perception Questionnaire (with Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.72). Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA).

RESULTS:

The results of the study showed that in terms of time, the outcome, and the meaning of disease, the patients in the ACT group had a lower mean in the posttest. Patients of the ACT group in personal and therapeutic controls showed a higher mean in the posttest than those of the control group. Therefore, ACT had a significant effect on improving the understanding of disease in orthopedic patients (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSION:

Based on the results, ACT has a significant effect on the disease perception of orthopedic patients. Therefore, it is suggested that therapists use this therapy approach to illness perception in orthopedic patients.
The efficacy of little lovely dentist and tell show do in alleviating dental anxiety in Iraqi Children: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Aziz Sura Z , Jafar Zainab J
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Aim:

Behavior management approaches in treating children are generally viewed as techniques to enhance communication with patients to promote positive attitudes. Patients, particularly children, consider visiting a dental clinic to be a difficult and painful experience, so a dentist who treats children should have a variety of behavior management techniques. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the efficacy of Tell Show Do (TSD) and a mobile app in reducing dental anxiety among children patients.

Materials and Methods:

A clinical trial study with 66 children aged 6–8 years was divided into three groups by the randomization method, which was performed in two steps: the first step used a random group generator template for excel to distribute the 66 children into three groups (each group 22), and the second step by excel function (RAND) to make the sequence for children. The sample was divided into three groups; each group has 22 children: Group I (TSD), Group II mobile app (Little Lovely Dentist), and Group III control. ClI fillings of the primary molars were provided to all participants. Anxiety levels were measured using physiological methods (heart rate and oxygen saturation by pulse oximeter) and psychological methods (Venham picture test) before treatment, during the education stage, and after treatment. The statistical tests were the paired t test for intragroup comparison and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) for intercomparison.

Results:

One-way ANOVA showed a significantly lower pulse rate in the mobile app group after treatment, significantly higher SPO2 saturation in the mobile app group than in the TSD and control groups, and significantly lower Venham scores in the mobile app group than in the control group.

Conclusion:

The use of the Little Lovely Dentist mobile app decreased dental anxiety levels in children’s first dental visit more than both the TSD technique and control groups when compared.
The remineralization effect of calcium glycerophosphate in fluoride mouth rinse on demineralized primary enamel: An in vitro study
Authors: Torsakul Pannaros , Rirattanapong Praphasri , Prapansilp Woranun
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Aim:

To evaluate the remineralization effect of a fluoride mouth rinse containing calcium glycerophosphate in fluoride mouth rinse based on the surface microhardness of demineralized primary enamel.

Materials and Methods:

40 sound primary incisors were placed into self-curing acrylic resin and subjected to a demineralizing solution for 5 days, resulting in the formation of artificial caries. The teeth were categorized into four groups (n = 10): group I artificial saliva, group II sodium fluoride, group III sodium fluoride + sodium monofluorophosphate, and group IV sodium monofluorophosphate + calcium glycerophosphate. The specimens received a pH cycling procedure and were submerged twice in their assigned groups for 7 days. The baseline, after demineralization, and after remineralization surface microhardness values were determined. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to analyze the mean surface microhardness between groups and one-way repeated measures ANOVA for the mean surface microhardness within each group and Bonferroni’s for multiple comparisons at 95% confidence level. The percentage recovery surface microhardness was determined by calculating the average surface microhardness.

Results:

After demineralization, the mean surface microhardness in all groups significantly decreased. After remineralization, group I had the lowest surface microhardness values and the percentage recovery surface microhardness (P value < 0.001), and group IV had the highest surface microhardness values and the percentage recovery surface microhardness (P value < 0.001). No significant difference was found between groups II and III (P value = 0.365).

Conclusions:

Fluoride mouth rinse containing calcium glycerophosphate has a remineralization effect on demineralized primary enamel.
Estimation of vitamin D levels using a chairside diagnostic test kit in patients with gingivitis and periodontitis: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Koppolu Pradeep , Alshahrani Abdullah M A , Ghawas Mohammad A Y , Almuqbil Mohammed S A , Swapna Lingam A , Almuhaydib Abdulmalik K H
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Aim:

Periodontitis is an inflammatory condition of the periodontium that is instigated by microbial biofilms developed on the teeth. The purpose of the study was to ascertain the vitamin D status of gingivitis and periodontitis patients while maintaining a healthy group as the control using simple low-cost chairside pre-coated with 25-OH Vitamin D antigen rapid test kits.

Materials and Methods:

From outpatients visiting the college’s periodontics clinics, a total of 101 patients were screened. The study sample includes 38 patients in the periodontitis group, 32 in the gingivitis group, and 31 in the healthy group. A middle-digit needle was used to collect blood samples, which were put into a test cassette with membrane that had been coated with 25-OH Vitamin D antigen on the test line area of the strip. Vitamin D Quick Test (Natejah) Semi-quantitatively detects 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25 (OH) D) in human finger-stick complete blood at a cutoff convergence of 30 ± 4 ng/mL. Vitamin D blood levels below 80 nmol/L are considered to have deficient vitamin 25(OH)D levels. Clinical parameters between healthy, gingivitis, and different stages of periodontitis subjects were compared using one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s multiple comparison. Fisher’s exact test was done to compare vitamin D levels in the three groups.

Results:

Fisher’s exact test revealed that there was a statistically significant increase in the number of subjects with stages 4 and stage 3 periodontitis who lacked vitamin D levels (less than 80 nmol/L). Whereas least deficient in Vit D were noticed among Healthy and Gingivitis subjects. When compared to healthy individuals, gingivitis, and various stages of periodontitis had significantly higher mean PI values in a Tukey’s multiple comparison. Vitamin D deficiency was found to be 27.5% in subjects with gingivitis and 71.5% in subjects with periodontitis.

Conclusion:

Periodontitis is associated with vitamin D deficiency, in contrast to gingivitis and healthy subjects. The severity of periodontitis was likewise linked to the amount of vitamin D in the individual’s blood. When compared to expensive, time-consuming, and laborious laboratory methods, the findings of this study suggest that a simple inexpensive chairside pre-coated with 25-OH Vitamin D antigen rapid test kits can be considered a viable alternative for determining vitamin D levels.
Hirayama Disease: Reappraisal of a Benign and Nonprogressive Anterior Horn Cell Disease
Authors: Naveen Vivek , Gaba Saurabh , Gupta Monica , Kaur Ravinder
Published: October 2023

Hirayama disease is an idiopathic and rare disease of the cervical spinal cord that causes dysfunction of the anterior horn cells with resultant weakness and wasting of the upper limbs. It is seen mostly in young males. Although irreversible and functionally debilitating, it is still considered a benign disease due to the spontaneous cessation of progression after a few years of onset. We are reporting a case of an 18-year-old boy who presented with asymmetrical and gradually progressive weakness in his arms. He was managed conservatively and was left with a permanent motor deficit. This case highlights the need to search for a reversible cause for any neurodeficit and the need for more research into the pathogenesis and treatment of conditions that are still obscure.
A Study of Depression among Infertile Women of Reproductive Age Group Attending Tertiary Care Hospitals in Agartala
Authors: Debbarma Nanimala , Jamatia Raja , Reang Taranga
Published: October 2023

Background:

Fertility phenomenon is a physiological process in living organisms that in human in addition to physiological aspects has social and psychological dimensions.

Objectives:

To estimate the proportion and associated risk factors of depression among infertile women of reproductive age group.

Methodology:

A cross sectional study was conducted in the tertiary care level of Obstetrics & Gynecology Clinics in the Agartala city. BDI scale was used for assessing the depression level among infertile women.

Result:

The proportion of depression was 54%. One percent severe depression and 5% moderate depression. There was significant association of depression with age group, educational status, and number of family member, duration of marriage, caste and with religion of the infertile women.

Conclusion:

The proportion of the depression morbidity was high among infertile women. The proportion of depression should not be underestimated in the women suffering from infertility. Apart from searching for the obstetrical causes of infertility; psychological morbidity should also be considered as a serious concern affecting these women.
Need for Age-Specific Prostate-Specific Antigen Reference Intervals in a Nigerian Population
Authors: Okafor Edwin N. , Okonkwo Innocent N. , Nubila Nkoyo I. , Ugonabo Martin C.
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:

In Nigeria, the diagnostic value of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is a matter of debate. PSA levels are known to vary with population, environmental factors, and advancing age. Studies suggest age-specific reference intervals (ASRIs) of PSA value are more accurate than single cut-off PSA value. For ASRIs to be used effectively, reference intervals (RIs) must be fully evaluated.

Aim:

We determine ASRIs in a Nigerian population.

Materials and Methods:

The study was carried out from January 2016 to January 2019 among 660 adult Nigerian men aged 30–86 years old in Enugu State. Participants completed questionnaire demographics and previous screening. Age group was the indicator. Among them, a total 24 (3.6%) were excluded. Data from 636 (96.4%) men were analyzed for ASRIs. Estimation of PSA was done as per the International Federation of Clinical Chemistry Guideline. Spearman correlation was used to identify correlates P values < 0.05 which was considered significant.

Results:

The mean age group was 49.6 ± 10.2 years. ASRIs using 95th percentile, and PSA values in each 10 years groups were 0–1.94 ng/ml (median 0.22), 0–2.52 ng/ml (median 0.42), 0–3.52 ng/ml (median 1.06), 0–4.8 ng/ml (median 2.1), 0–6.95 ng/ml (median 4.1), and 0–5.6 ng/ml (median 2.4), for age groups 30–39, 40–49, 50–59, 60–69, 70–79, and ≥80 years, respectively. There was positive correlation between PSA and age (r = 0.9915, P < 0.0001). Low income and educational background were more prevalent among the study group.

Conclusion:

Our study provided the ASRIs in our environment but higher than single cut-off value. The data recommended PSA values should be characterized by age and ethnicity.
A Sewing Needle as a Urethral Foreign Body: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Üntan İ , Ersekerci E
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT

Foreign bodies in the urethra can occur by self-insertion, and patients often hide the symptoms due to embarrassment. Foreign bodies act as a focus for infection and abscess formation and result in perforation or fistula when not detected on time. Foreign bodies can display symptoms such as frequent urination, dysuria, hematuria, urethrorrhagia, and obstruction. This case discusses a self-inserted urethral sewing needle that was removed cystoscopically from an adolescent.
The Prognostic Impact of Comorbidity, Nutritional and Performance Status on Patients with Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Sağlam B , Albayrak M , Yıldız A , Tığlıoğlu P , Tığlıoğlu M , Aras MR , Yılmaz F , Maral S , Öztürk HBA
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:

The aim of the study was to investigate the impact of nutritional status, comorbidity, and performance status on patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL).

Methods:

A retrospective study was conducted on 112 DLBCL patients who were diagnosed at our center between 2009 and 2018. Demographic and disease characteristics and laboratory test results were recorded. Assessments were made using the age-adjusted Charlson comorbidity index (CCI-A) for comorbidity, albumin level for nutritional status, and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) score for performance status.

Results:

The mean age of the patients was found to be 62.63 ± 15.16 years. The ECOG score of 65 patients (69.1%) was in the range of 0–1. The mean follow-up time of the patients was determined to be 25.24 ± 25.11 months, and at the end of the follow-up period, 64 patients (57.1%) were survivors. The progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and 5-year OS rates of those with CCI-A > 4 were found to be significantly lower than those with CCI-A score ≤4 (P < 0.05). As a result of the Cox-Regression (Backward: LR method) analysis, ECOG and albumin levels were found to be independent risk factors for both OS and PFS (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:

This study demonstrated that CCI-A, ECOG, and nutritional status are independent prognostic markers for DLBCL patients. Initial evaluation of these patients should include all these parameters, which are easily available at the time of diagnosis.
Effectiveness of Kinesiologic Taping on Function and Pain in Patients With Hemophilia A
Authors: Kazanci Elif G. , Kaya Erkan , Güven Deniz
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:

Hemophilic arthropathy frequently results in musculoskeletal adjustments that impair functional capacity.

Aim:

We investigated the effects of kinesiologic taping on patients with hemophilic arthropathy in this study.

Materials and Methods:

Twenty-six patients were enrolled. Thirteen patients formed the Kinesiologic taping group (KT) and received the interventional protocol consisting of three kinesiologic taping sessions during three weeks; and 13 patients formed the control group (CG) and made three weeks of home exercises. All patients were evaluated using the Functional Independence Score in Hemophilia (FISH), Hemophilia Joint Health Score (HJHS), and Visual Analog Scale (VAS) at baseline, one week, and three weeks.

Results:

The mean scores for the VAS, HJSS, and FISH differed significantly before and after 3 weeks in both groups (P < 0.001). However, the differences in medians after the treatment were significantly greater in the KT group than in the CG group (P < 0.001).

Conclusions:

Kinesiologic taping was associated with physical improvement in hemophilia patients; however, also kinesiologic taping led to significant improvement in VAS scores.
Biomechanical Behavior of Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polyetheretherketone as a Dental Implant Material in Implant-Supported Overdenture under Mandibular Trauma: A Finite Element Analysis Study
Authors: Bilginaylar K , Ayali A
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT

Context:

Implant-supported overdentures are well-known and widely accepted treatment modality to increase retention which is a crucial factor for determining patient satisfaction. The placement of two implants in the anterior region can be selected as a first-line treatment in patients with the atrophic mandibular ridge.

Aims:

The purpose of this research was to assess the biomechanical effects of carbon fiber-reinforced polyetheretherketone (CFR-PEEK) implant-supported overdenture in the event of 2,000 N forefront trauma to an atrophic edentulous mandible by using the finite element analysis method.

Materials and Methods:

Three types of mandible models were simulated; the first one was an edentulous atrophic mandible model; in the second model, 3.5 × 11.5 mm CFR-PEEK implants; and in the third model, 4.3 × 11.5 mm CFR-PEEK implants were positioned in the region of the lateral incisor of the identical edentulous atrophic mandible.

Results:

Maximum Von Misses stresses 979.261 MPa, 1,454.69 MPa, and 1,940.71 MPa and maximum principal stresses 1,112.74 MPa, 1,249.88 MPa, and 1,251.33 MPa have been detected at the condylar neck area and minimum principal stresses − 1,203.38 MPa, −1,503.21 MPa, and − 1,990.34 MPa have been recorded at the symphysis and corpus regions from M1 to M3, respectively. In addition, the M2 and M3 models showed low-stress distributions around the implant–bone interface, particularly where the implants were in contact with cancellous bone.

Conclusions:

The results showed that the insertion of different diameters of CFR-PEEK implants led to low and homogenous stress distribution all around the implant–bone interface and stresses transferred directly to the condylar neck areas. Therefore, it was observed that CRF-PEEK implants did not change the basic behavior of the mandibula in response to frontal stresses.
Changes in and the Relationships between Alpha-Klotho, Oxidative Stress, and Systemic Inflammation in Cigarette Smokers
Authors: Solak I , Guney I , Kurku H , Gederet YT , Eryilmaz MA
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:

Although smoking is known to accelerate aging, the mechanisms by which this occurs have not been fully clarified. Serum-soluble α-Klotho (sαKl), antiaging, anti-inflammatory, and developing resistance to oxidative stress properties are known.

Aim:

This study aimed to determine the relationship between cigarette smoking, saKl (antiaging hormone), inflammation, and oxidative stress.

Materials and Methods:

Participants included in the study were divided into smoking and nonsmoking groups. sαKl, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), and oxidative stress index (OSI) were assessed and compared in the study participants.

Results:

There were one hundred and forty-six study participants comprising 47 (32.2%) females and 99 (67.8%) males. There were 79 (54.1%) in the nonsmoking group and 67 (45.9%) in the smoking group. A significant difference was found between the groups in respect of TAS (P < 0.001), OSI (P = 0.017), sαKl (P = 0.013), and hsCRP (P = 0.024) values. A significant negative correlation was found between the sαKl values of the smoking group and the years of smoking (r = -0.271, P = 0.038) and pack-years (r = -0.299, P = 0.021). Among the smoking group, a lower median sαKl value of <3.84 pg/ml was significantly associated with years of smoking (P = 0.028) and pack-years (P = 0.012).

Conclusions:

This study found that sαKl, OSI, and hsCRP were elevated in those who smoke cigarette. Large prospective studies are needed to further elucidate this area of research.
Diagnostic Usefulness of Serum Procalcitonin in Patients with Bacterial Sepsis
Authors: Maigari IM , Jibrin YB , Gwalabe SA , Dunga JA , Abdu A , Umar MS , Hassan HF , Ballah AM , Sulaiman MH
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:

The Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score is used for the diagnosis of sepsis and involves clinical and laboratory parameters that may not be readily and/or timely available in most resource-poor settings. Procalcitonin (PCT) has its level changed in response to bacterial sepsis and its measurement costs only a fraction of the total cost of investigations required to calculate SOFA score. This study aims to determine the diagnostic usefulness of PCT in bacterial sepsis.

Materials and Methods:

Ninety-nine participants were studied, divided into three groups: apparently healthy volunteers, those with bacterial infection without sepsis (SOFA score <2), and patients with bacterial sepsis (positive culture and SOFA ≥2). PCT level of each participant was measured and median group levels compared. Pearson’s correlation was used to determine the correlation between serum PCT levels and SOFA scores in the sepsis group using a significance level of 5 percent (P < 0.05). Diagnostic usefulness of PCT was assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC).

Result:

Positive correlation was found between serum PCT levels and SOFA scores among patients with sepsis r = 0.42, P = 0.016. At a concentration of ≥4.25 ng/ml, serum PCT as a surrogate for SOFA score had a sensitivity and specificity of 57.60% and 84.80%, respectively, for indicating sepsis. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) was 0.74 (95% CI {0.62 to 0.86}, P = 0.001).

Conclusion:

Serum PCT concentration was significantly higher in bacterial sepsis compared to bacterial infection without sepsis and healthy state. PCT concentration demonstrated positive correlation with SOFA score in bacterial sepsis and can be used as surrogate for sepsis screening/monitoring in resource-poor settings.
Outcome of Transurethral Resection of the Prostate (TURP) using 5% Dextrose Water as Irrigant
Authors: Amu OC , Affusim EA , Nnadozie UU , Nwachukwu CD
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:

TURP remains the gold standard for simple prostatectomy presently. Different fluids have been used for irrigation while performing monopolar TURP. The choice of irrigation fluid depends on a lot of factors.

Aim:

We sought to find out if the outcome of monopolar TURP using 5% dextrose water in our setting compares with findings in other studies using different fluids as irrigation fluid in monopolar TURP.

Materials and Methods:

This was a prospective study of 220 patients who had monopolar TURP using 5% dextrose water as irrigation fluid from 2015 to 2020.

Results:

The study was completed by 220 patients. The mean age was 66.25 yrs. The mean weight of prostate was 53.2 g, and mean resected weight was 30.10 g using a mean irrigation volume of 45.35 liters, 5% dextrose water over a mean resection time of 66.08 mins. The mean changes in International Prostate Symptom Score/quality of life score (IPSS/QOLS) were statistically significant. Early complications recorded were postoperative hematuria with clot retention (1.4%), urinary tract infection (UTI) (13.2%), and secondary hemorrhage (10%). TURP syndrome was not recorded. Late complications seen within 2 years follow-up were transient urinary incontinence (6.4%), urethral stricture (4.1%), and bladder neck contracture (2.3%). There was no repeat TURP for residual adenoma within this period.

Conclusion:

TURP using 5% dextrose water has comparable outcomes to other irrigation fluids for monopolar TURP. It is a good alternative to any other irrigation fluid.
Does Ligamentotaxis Reduce the Risk of Avascular Necrosis of the Talus after Lateral Subtalar Dislocation
Authors: Stojiljkovic P , Milenković S , Mitković M
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT

Lateral subtalar dislocations are rare and severe injuries caused by high-energy trauma, and they require urgent treatment. We reported two cases of lateral subtalar dislocation, which were treated with different methods. In case of open lateral subtalar dislocation, we used the method of distractional external fixation; the final outcome was good, without avascular necrosis of the talus. The case of closed subtalar dislocation has been treated with open reduction and K-wires fixation. The final outcome was poor, with avascular necrosis of the talus. Our opinion is that ligamentotaxis of the ankle and subtalar joint with unilateral external fixation unloads the talus and reduces the possibility of the development of avascular necrosis of the talus.
Comparison of the Translucency Parameters and Bond Strength of 5Y-ZP Zirconia, 3-YTZP Zirconia, and Lithium Disilicate
Authors: Ozkan Adak I , Aguloglu S , Adak BM , Sari I
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:

E-max is a more aesthetic material than traditional zirconia. In addition, the bond strength of traditional zirconia with adhesive cements is lower. There are not enough studies on how the aesthetic values and bond strength of 5-YZP, the new generation zirconia, compare to e-max and traditional zirconia. Can 5-YZP be an alternative to e-max in terms of aesthetics and bond strength?

Aim:

The aim of the study is to compare the translucency property and bonding ability of 5y-zp zirconias with previous generation zirconias and lithium disilicate.

Materials and Methods:

Two types of zirconia Katana UT and Katana HT for measuring translucency values; and using a type of lithium disilicate IPS e.max CAD LT, three groups were formed (n = 10). Translucency specimens were fabricated (n = 10). Their L*a*b* values were measured against a black-and-white background with a spectrophotometer, and DE00 was calculated. To perform micro-shear tests, a cylinder design was made from zirconia and IPS e.max CAD blocks (n = 20). After the samples were aged by thermal cycle, the micro-shear test was applied to specimens cemented to teeth extracted with two different adhesive cement systems.

Results:

According to the results of one-way analysis of variance, a statistically significant difference was found between the translucency parameter (TP) values of the groups. According to Tukey’s honestly significant difference (HSD) multiple comparisons, the values of the three groups are statistically different from each other. Although IPS e.max CAD group has the highest TP values, the Katana HT group has the lowest values.

Conclusion:

5Y-PZ has a TP intermediate to those of 3Y-TZP and lithium disilicate. Long-term bond strength of 3Y-TZP and 5Y-ZP were similar to those of lithium disilicate. To be an alternative to glass ceramics in the anterior region, translucency and bond strength values need to be improved.
Impact of the COVID pandemic on functioning of the institutional ethics committee: A comparison study
Authors: Shetty Yashashri Chandrakant , Thatte Urmila Mukund , Pal Amitrajit , Katkar Janhavi
Published: October 2023

Purpose and Aim:

In COVID 19 pandemic, it was essential to document the functioning of the institutional ethics committee (IEC), how the organization adapted and faced challenges posed, thus forming the rationale behind this particular audit. The objectives were to assess the impact of the pandemic on the structure, review process, outcomes, and administration of IEC and to compare the same during its functioning in the prepandemic stage.

Subject and Methods:

The study was conducted as a retrospective audit. After exemption from ethics review, the data were collected from the IEC office situated in KEM Hospital and were segregated into four domains: structure, review process, outcomes, and administration. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Mann–Whitney U-test was used to compare the turnover time for approval of projects between the two study periods at 5% level of significance. SPSS software version 22 was used to analyze the data.

Results:

Constitution changed, more protocols pertaining to COVID 19 studies were reviewed, meetings frequency doubled, and Standard Operating Procedures was amended to incorporate the changes faced during pandemic. Significant decrease in turnover time was noticed with respect to submission to query letter and study completion. There were more protocol deviations. Financial burden and expenditure decreased due to less paperwork and meetings being held online.

Conclusion

The ethics committee infrastructure and functioning had to undergo a paradigm shift to adapt to the various changes and overcome the various hurdles occurring during the COVID-19 pandemic.