bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Data Processing for Predicting DNA Damaging Properties of Complex UV Sources
Authors: Douki Thierry , Millot Océane , Buhot Arnaud
Published: June 2024

A growing number of experimental evidence emphasizes that photobiological phenomena are not always the sum of the effect of individual wavelengths present in the emission spectrum of light sources. Unfortunately, tools are missing to identify such non‐additive effects and predict effects of various exposure conditions. In the present work, we addressed these points for the formation of pyrimidine dimers in DNA upon co‐exposure to UVC, UVB and UVA radiation. We first applied a combination index approach to determine whether mixtures of theses UV ranges exhibited additive, inhibitory or synergistic effects on the formation of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers, (6‐4) photoproducts and Dewar valence isomers. A predictive approach based on an experimental design strategy was then used to quantify the contribution of each wavelength range to the formation of DNA photoproducts. The obtained models allowed us to accurately predict the level of pyrimidine dimers in DNA irradiated under different conditions. The data were found to be more accurate than those obtained with the simple additive approach underlying the use of action spectra. Experimental design thus appears as an attractive concept that could be widely applied in photobiology even for cellular experiments.
Structure and Conformation Determine Gas‐Phase Infrared Spectra of Detergents
Authors: Kirschbaum Carla , Greis Kim , Gewinner Sandy , Schöllkopf Wieland , Meijer Gerard , von Helden Gert , Pagel Kevin , Urner Leonhard H.
Published: June 2024

Native mass spectrometry of membrane proteins relies on non‐ionic detergents which protect the protein during transfer from solution into the gas phase. Once in the gas phase, the detergent micelle must be efficiently removed, which is usually achieved by collision‐induced dissociation (CID). Recently, infrared multiple photon dissociation (IRMPD) has emerged as an alternative activation method for the analysis of membrane proteins, which has led to a growing interest in detergents that efficiently absorb infrared light. Here we investigate whether the absorption properties of synthetic detergents can be tailored by merging structural motifs of existing detergents into new hybrid detergents. We combine gas‐phase infrared ion spectroscopy with density functional theory to investigate and rationalize the absorption properties of three established detergents and two hybrid detergents with fused headgroups. We show that, although the basic intramolecular interactions in the parent and hybrid detergents are similar, the three‐dimensional structures differ significantly and so do the infrared spectra. Our results outline a roadmap for guiding the synthesis of tailored detergents with computational chemistry for future mass spectrometry applications.
Monothiolactide, a New Monomer for the Synthesis of Recyclable, Alternating Ester‐Thioester Polymers
Authors: Narmon An Sofie , Jenisch Lilliana M. , Rey Jérôme , Khalil Ibrahim , Badawi Michael , Dusselier Michiel
Published: June 2024

Aliphatic polyesters and polythioesters are very interesting alternatives for current fossil‐based and degradation‐resistant plastics, due to their high (bio)degradability and (chemical) recyclability potential. Two important examples include polylactide (PLD), currently leading the synthetic bioplastics market, and its sulfur analog polythiolactide (PTLD). Both polymers can be made by ring‐opening polymerization (ROP) of their corresponding (thio)dilactones, lactide (LD) and thiolactide (TLD) respectively. In this work, the benefits of esters and thioesters were combined in one material by the successful catalytic synthesis and ROP of monothiolactide (MTL), an unprecedented monomer containing half a LD and half a TLD structural unit. MTL can be obtained by a simple direct condensation of biobased lactic acid and thiolactic acid aided by Brønsted acid catalysis. The novel, but simple monomer showed to be easily polymerized with triethylamine to materials containing alternating lactic and thiolactic ester units with a very high molar mass. The lower stability of MTL (vs. TLD) resulted in improved ROP thermodynamics, while also fast and controllable polymerization kinetics were observed. The new polymers feature a good chemical recycling and hydrolytic degradation potential with important improvements compared to PTLD and PLD. Finally, a successful co‐polymerization with commercial LD was shown, paving the way towards industrialization.
Development and validation of a machine learning‐based model to predict isolated post‐challenge hyperglycemia in middle‐aged and elder adults: Analysis from a multicentric study
Authors: Hou Rui , Dou Jingtao , Wu Lijuan , Zhang Xiaoyu , Li Changwei , Wang Weiqing , Gao Zhengnan , Tang Xulei , Yan Li , Wan Qin , Luo Zuojie , Qin Guijun , Chen Lulu , Ji Jianguang , He Yan , Wang Wei , Mu Yiming , Zheng Deqiang
Published: June 2024

Introduction

Due to the high cost and complexity, the oral glucose tolerance test is not adopted as the screening method for identifying diabetes patients, which leads to the misdiagnosis of patients with isolated post‐challenge hyperglycemia (IPH), that is., patients with normal fasting plasma glucose (<7.0 mmoL/L) and abnormal 2‐h postprandial blood glucose (≥11.1 mmoL/L). We aimed to develop a model to differentiate individuals with IPH from the normal population.

Methods

Data from 54301 eligible participants were obtained from the Risk Evaluation of Cancers in Chinese Diabetic Individuals: a longitudinal (REACTION) study in China. Data from 37740 participants were used to develop the diagnostic system. External validation was performed among 16561 participants. Three machine learning algorithms were used to create the predictive models, which were further evaluated by various classification algorithms to establish the best predictive model.

Results

Ten features were selected to develop an IPH diagnosis system (IPHDS) based on an artificial neural network. In external validation, the AUC of the IPHDS was 0.823 (95% CI 0.811–0.836), which was significantly higher than the AUC of the Taiwan model [0.799 (0.786–0.813)] and that of the Chinese Diabetes Risk Score model [0.648 (0.635–0.662)]. The IPHDS model had a sensitivity of 75.6% and a specificity of 74.6%. This model outperformed the Taiwan and CDRS models in subgroup analyses. An online site with instant predictions was deployed at https://app‐iphds‐e1fc405c8a69.herokuapp.com/.

Conclusions

The proposed IPHDS could be a convenient and user‐friendly screening tool for diabetes during health examinations in a large general population.
Ultrafast Near‐Infrared Luminescence from Cyclometalated Iridium(III) Complexes with Indirubin as Ancillary Ligand
Authors: Sathyaseelan Bejoymohandas Kochan , Ventura Barbara , Baschieri Andrea , Mazzanti Andrea , Bandini Elisa , Monti Filippo
Published: June 2024

Being a constitutional isomer of the indigo dye, indirubin has been known as a purple colourant for a long time. On the other hand, its structural and photophysical properties as ligand in metal complexes are virtually unexplored. Herein, for the first time, we utilized indirubin as ancillary chelator to develop two new heteroleptic iridium(III) complexes equipped with two 2‐phenylpyridine units as archetypical cyclometalating ligands. These new complexes display fully reversible oxidation and reduction processes, and show a panchromatic absorption extending up to 900 nm in acetonitrile solution at 298 K. Moreover, an unexpected broad and unstructured emission band is detected for both complexes in the near‐infrared region, peaking at approx. 1100 nm and having a lifetime of approx. 60 ps; such an emission is attributed to a ligand‐centred triplet excited state (3LC) located on the indirubin ligand itself, as proved by DFT calculations. These findings may pave the way for further exploration of the indirubin dye as a ligand for different types of metal centres to create efficient near‐infrared triplet emitters without the need for difficult synthetic procedures.
Comparative study of various metal‐based reference electrodes
Authors: Baroch Martin , Dejmková Hana
Published: June 2024

This paper compares materials potentially suitable for preparing solid reference electrodes, which could be used in miniaturized flow electrochemical cells. The tested electrodes are based on Sb, Bi, Pd, Pt, and Ag. The stable potential of the reference electrodes was maintained by the pH of the electrolyte, except for the AgCl electrode, whose potential was given by the concentration of chlorides. The performance of the reference electrodes was evaluated through a series of experiments focusing on potential dependences, long‐term and short‐term stability, cyclic voltammetry, and flow injection analysis with amperometric detection. Potentiometric experiments showed that Sb‐based electrodes had the closest slope to theoretical values with minor changes over five weeks. Theory‐consistent results of potential dependence were also observed for AgCl electrodes. The results of the voltammetric and flow amperometric experiment suggest that Sb‐based reference electrodes are the most suitable tools for electrochemical measurement. AgCl electrodes are limited by the necessity of maintaining a high chloride concentration. Bi‐based and PdH electrodes provide unstable results, the latter particularly due to hydrogen desorption. Although able to provide the stable potential to some extent, Pt electrodes are not suitable as the reference electrodes due to the deformation of mainly hydrodynamic voltammograms.
EM algorithm for generalized Ridge regression with spatial covariates
Authors: Obakrim Said , Ailliot Pierre , Monbet Valérie , Raillard Nicolas
Published: June 2024

The generalized Ridge penalty is a powerful tool for dealing with multicollinearity and high‐dimensionality in regression problems. The generalized Ridge regression can be derived as the mean of a posterior distribution with a Normal prior and a given covariance matrix. The covariance matrix controls the structure of the coefficients, which depends on the particular application. For example, it is appropriate to assume that the coefficients have a spatial structure when the covariates are spatially correlated. This study proposes an Expectation‐Maximization algorithm for estimating generalized Ridge parameters whose covariance structure depends on specific parameters. We focus on three cases: diagonal (when the covariance matrix is diagonal with constant elements), Matérn, and conditional autoregressive covariances. A simulation study is conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed method, and then the method is applied to predict ocean wave heights using wind conditions.
Estrogenic, Genotoxic, and Antibacterial Effects of Chemicals from Cryogenically Milled Tire Tread
Authors: Bergmann Alan J. , Masset T. , Breider F. , Dudefoi W. , Schirmer K. , Ferrari B. J. D. , Vermeirssen E. L. M.
Published: June 2024

Tire and road wear particles (TRWP) contain complex mixtures of chemicals and release them to the environment, and potential toxic effects of these chemicals still need to be characterized. We used a standardized surrogate for TRWP, cryogenically milled tire tread (CMTT), to isolate and evaluate effects of tire-associated chemicals. We examined organic chemical mixtures extracted and leached from CMTT for the toxicity endpoints genotoxicity, estrogenicity, and inhibition of bacterial luminescence. The bioassays were performed after chromatographic separation on high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) plates. Extracts of CMTT were active in all three HPTLC bioassays with two estrogenic zones, two genotoxic zones, and two zones inhibiting bacterial luminescence. Extracts of CMTT artificially aged with thermooxidation were equally bioactive in each HPTLC bioassay. Two types of aqueous leachates of unaged CMTT, simulating either digestion by fish or contact with sediment and water, contained estrogenic chemicals and inhibitors of bacterial luminescence with similar profiles to those of CMTT extracts. Of 11 tested tire-associated chemicals, two were estrogenic, three were genotoxic, and several inhibited bacterial luminescence. 1,3-Diphenylguanidine, transformation products of N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N′-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine, and benzothiazoles were especially implicated through comparison to HPTLC retention factors in the CMTT samples. Other bioactive bands in CMTT samples did not correspond to any target chemicals. Tire particles clearly contain and can leach complex mixtures of toxic chemicals to the environment. Although some known chemicals contribute to estrogenic, genotoxic, and antibacterial hazards, unidentified toxic chemicals are still present and deserve further investigation. Overall, our study expands the understanding of potential adverse effects from tire particles and helps improve the link between those effects and the responsible chemicals. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;43:1962–1972. © 2024 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.

Chemicals leaching from cryogenically milled tire tread detected by high-performance thin-layer chromatography bioassays. 6PPD = N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N′-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine; DPG = diphenylguanidine.
ChatGPT, Bard, Bing Chat, and Claude generate feedback for Chinese as foreign language writing: A comparative case study
Authors: Obaidoon Saleh , Wei Haiping
Published: June 2024

This comparative case study analyzes and evaluates the performance of four prevalent artificial intelligence (AI) models―ChatGPT, Google Bard, Microsoft Bing, and Claude―in generating feedback on Chinese as a Foreign Language writing. The study assessed the models' effectiveness, accuracy, alignment with pedagogical principles, and cultural appropriateness through a multi‐faceted data collection process involving student article writing, chatbot feedback, and teacher evaluation. The quantitative analysis of teacher ratings indicates that Claude demonstrated the highest average alignment with human instructor scores across the four articles, followed by Google Bard. Qualitative examination reveals differences in the types of feedback provided, with models excelling at surface‐level vocabulary, grammar, and mechanics critiques but limited in providing rhetorical, pragmatic, and structural feedback compared to teachers. While showing potential benefits, judicious integration of AI writing feedback tools upholding academic integrity is advised. This paper utilizes non‐Pro subscription plans for its research, ensuring accessibility by teachers or students without any cost. The date of access for these chatbots was September 20, 2023. The AI models used include ChatGPT based on OpenAI's GPT‐3.5 architecture with a knowledge cut‐off in January 2022, without Internet browsing capabilities; Google Bard from the Gemini family, version 1.0, which integrates internet‐based search; Microsoft Copilot (Balanced mode), which evolved from Bing Chat, providing information and content generation; and Claude version 2. This approach ensures the study's findings are applicable and replicable for educators and students utilizing freely available resources.
Blueshift of the CN stretching vibration of acetonitrile in solution: computational and experimental study
Authors: Muniz‐Miranda Francesco , Pedone Alfonso , Menziani Maria Cristina
Published: June 2024

Acetonitrile, a polar molecule that cannot form hydrogen bonds on its own, interacts with solvent molecules mainly through the lone pair of its nitrogen atom and the π electrons of its CN triple bond [Correction added on 17 July 2024, after first online publication: Acetole has been changed to Acetonitrile in the preceeding sentence.]. Interestingly, acetonitrile exhibits an unexpected strengthening of the triple bond's force constant in an aqueous environment, leading to an upshift (blueshift) in the corresponding stretching vibration: this effect contrasts with the usual consequence of hydrogen bonding on the vibrational frequencies of the acceptor groups, that is, frequency redshift. This investigation elucidates this phenomenon using Raman spectroscopy to examine the behavior of acetonitrile in organic solvent, water, and silver ion aqueous solutions, where an even more pronounced upshift is observed. Raman spectroscopy is particularly well suited for analyzing aqueous solutions due to the minimal scattering effect of water molecules across most of the vibrational spectrum. Computational approaches, both static and dynamical, based on Density Functional Theory and hybrid functionals, are employed here to interpret these findings, and accurately reproduce the vibrational frequencies of acetonitrile in different environments. Our calculations also allow an explanation for this unique behavior in terms of electric charge displacements. On the other hand, the study of the interaction of acetonitrile with water molecules and metal ions is relevant for the use of this molecule as a solvent in both chemical and pharmaceutical applications.
Dose‐dependent effect of megestrol acetate supplementation in cancer patients with anorexia–cachexia syndrome: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Talebi Sepide , Zeraattalab‐Motlagh Sheida , Barkhordar Maryam , Vaezi Mohammad , Ghoreishy Seyed Mojtaba , Ghavami Abed , Hosseini Yasaman , Travica Nikolaj , Mohammadi Hamed
Published: June 2024

There is inconsistent evidence relating to the effects of megestrol acetate (MA) supplementation on cancer patients suffering from anorexia–cachexia syndrome. This review aimed to examine the dose–response effect of MA supplementation in patients with cancer‐associated anorexia/cachexia. Relevant keywords were searched in PubMed, Scopus and ISI Web of Science from inception to June 2023 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) examining the effect of MA on pathologies in patients with cancer‐associated cachexia. Our primary outcomes were changes in body weight and appetite. However, fatigue and quality of life were secondary outcomes. The mean difference (MD) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were estimated using the random‐effects method. Thirteen trials comprising 1229 participants (mean age 60 years) were identified. The results of our highest versus lowest analysis revealed that MA supplementation was not associated with any increase in body weight (MD: 0.64 kg, 95% CI [−0.11, 1.38], P = 0.093, I2 = 69.1%; GRADE = very low certainty). Twelve trials, including 14 effect sizes derived from 1369 patients (intervention = 689, control = 680), provided data on the effect of MA on body weight. Subgroup analyses showed a significant increase in body weight following short‐term intervention (≤8 weeks) and a combination of radiation/chemotherapy as concurrent treatment. A linear dose–response meta‐analysis indicated that each 200 mg/day increment in MA consumption had a significant increase in weight gain (MD: 0.44; 95% CI [0.13, 0.74], P = 0.005; I2 = 97.1%); however, the magnitude of the effect was small. MA administration significantly affected the quality of life based on pooled effect sizes (MD: 1.15, 95% CI [0.76, 1.54], P < 0.001, I2 = 0%; n = 2 RCTs including 176 patients; GRADE = very low certainty). However, no significant effect of MA supplementation was observed on appetite (MD: 0.29, 95% CI [−0.05, 0.64], P = 0.096, I2 = 18.3%; n = 3 RCTs including 163 patients; GRADE = very low certainty) and fatigue (MD: 0.14, 95% CI [−0.09, 0.36], P = 0.236, I2 = 0%; n = 2 RCTs including 300 patients; GRADE = very low certainty). With very low certainty of the evidence, MA supplementation may not lead to a significantly increased weight gain and other outcomes.
Challenges in implementing community‐based dental education programs in Australia: The lived experiences of program coordinators
Authors: Taylor Millicent R. , Carr Sandra E. , Kujan Omar
Published: June 2024

Purpose

The benefits of community‐based dental education (CBDE) are well documented and reach far beyond students' educational growth, encompassing advantages for both dental schools and their community partners. Nonetheless, barriers associated with administering CBDE programs can have a significant impact on program outcomes. This study aims to explore the challenges faced by dental school CBDE coordinators in implementing and managing their programs.

Methods

This Interpretive Phenomenological study employed in‐depth semi‐structured interviews with CBDE program coordinators from Australian dental schools (n = 6). Interviews, conducted between February and May 2023, via Microsoft Teams, were audio and video recorded and lasted an average of one hour each. Interviews were analyzed using NVivo 13. Questions explored administrative challenges, required resources, student management issues, and development goals for CBDE programs.

Results

Data analysis included deductive and inductive coding through a seven‐step iterative process, organizing information into codes and sub‐codes, forming emerging themes. Four major themes with subthemes emerged: 1) Program administration, encompassing challenges in scheduling, coordinating, and adapting to changes; 2) Funding, crucial for establishing and maintaining remote educational sites; 3) Student experience management, highlighting student supervision, student behavior, and exposure; and 4) Partner site relationships, particularly in clinical supervisor recruitment and training.

Conclusion

The successful implementation requires meticulous planning, effective coordination, and recognition of CBDE as an educational activity that should be grounded in evidence‐based pedagogy. Dental institutions are therefore encouraged to establish collaborative partnerships with local community organizations, allocate resources for outreach initiatives, and facilitate appropriate guidance to coordinators, students, and external clinical supervisors.
Intra‐articular corticosteroids for the treatment of osteoarthritis: A systematic review and meta‐analysis on the comparison of different molecules and doses
Authors: Bensa Alessandro , Salerno Manuela , Moraca Giacomo , Boffa Angelo , McIlwraith C. Wayne , Filardo Giuseppe
Published: June 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to quantify and compare the clinical relevance of the different intra‐articular corticosteroids (CS) effects in vivo for osteoarthritis (OA) treatment.

Methods

The search was conducted on PubMed, Cochrane, and Web of Science in October 2023. The PRISMA guidelines were used. Inclusion criteria: animal or human randomized controlled trials (RCTs), English language and no time limitation, on the comparison of different intra‐articular CS for OA treatment. The articles' quality was assessed using the Cochrane RoB2 and GRADE guidelines for human RCTs, and SYRCLE's tool for animal RCTs.

Results

Eighteen RCTs were selected (16 human and 2 animal studies), including 1577 patients (1837 joints) and 31 animals (51 joints). The CS used were triamcinolone (14 human and 2 animal studies), methylprednisolone (7 human and 1 animal study), betamethasone (3 human studies) and dexamethasone (1 human study). All studies addressed knee OA except for three human and one animal study. A meta‐analysis was performed on the comparison of methylprednisolone and triamcinolone in humans with knee OA analysing VAS pain at very short‐ (≤2 weeks), short‐ (>2 and ≤4 weeks), mid‐ (>4 and ≤8 weeks), long‐ (>8 and ≤ 12 weeks), and very long‐term (>12 and ≤24 weeks). Triamcinolone showed better post‐injection values compared to methylprednisolone at very short‐term (p = 0.028). No difference in terms of VAS improvement was observed at any follow‐up.

Conclusions

The available preclinical and clinical literature provides limited evidence on the comparison of different CS, hindering the possibility of determining the best CS approach in terms of molecule and dose for the intra‐articular injection of OA joints.

Level of Evidence

Level I.
Evaluating the Biocontrol Efficacy and Antioxidant Potential of Phellinus caribaeo‐quercicola—A First Report Dual‐Action Endophyte From Inula racemosa Hook. F.
Authors: Majid Misbah , Wani Abdul H. , Ganai Bashir A.
Published: June 2024

Phellinus caribaeo‐quercicola is a basidiomycetous fungus, isolated as an endophyte in this study from the healthy and symptomless leaves of Inula racemosa Hook. f., an important medicinal herb growing in Kashmir Himalaya. This study combines morphological, molecular and phylogenetic techniques to identify the fungal endophyte, using the ITS sequence of nrDNA. A detached leaf assay was conducted to assess the pathogenicity of the fungal endophyte suggesting its mutually symbiotic relationship with the host. The authors also investigated the antifungal potential of the isolated endophytic strain to ascertain its use as a biocontrol agent. The study shows that P. caribaeo‐quercicola INL3‐2 strain exhibits biocontrol activity against four key fungal phytopathogens that cause significant agronomic and economic losses: Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Fusarium solani, and Fusarium oxysporum. Notably, P. caribaeo‐quercicola INL3‐2 strain is highly effective against A. flavus, with an inhibition percentage of 57.63%. In addition, this study investigates the antioxidant activity of P. caribaeo‐quercicola INL3‐2 strain crude extracts using ethyl acetate and methanol as solvents. The results showed that the methanolic fraction of P. caribaeo‐quercicola exhibits potential as an antioxidant agent, with an IC50 value of 171.90 ± 1.15 µg/mL. This investigation is first of its kind and marks the initial report of this fungal basidiomycete, P. caribaeo‐quercicola, as an endophyte associated with a medicinal plant. The findings of this study highlight the potential of P. caribaeo‐quercicola INL3‐2 strain as a dual‐action agent with both biocontrol and antioxidant properties consistent with the medicinal properties of Inula racemosa. This endophytic fungus could be a promising source of natural compounds for use in agriculture, medicine, and beyond.
The effect of antireaction medications on the association between periodontitis and leprosy reactions: An important methodological issue in periodontal medicine
Authors: Sacramento Isabela de Souza , Gomes‐Filho Isaac Suzart , Cruz Simone Seixas da , Trindade Soraya Castro , Figueiredo Ana Claudia Morais Godoy , Machado Paulo Roberto Lima , Vianna Maria Isabel Pereira , Falcão Michelle Miranda Lopes , Hintz Alexandre Marcelo , de Lacerda Juliana Andrade , Matos Bruno Costa , Seymour Gregory John , Scannapieco Frank Andrew , Loomer Peter Michael , Passos‐Soares Johelle de Santana
Published: June 2024

Background: The treatment of leprosy reactions (LRs) involves thalidomide, corticosteroids, and other immunomodulatory medications. This study evaluated the effect of these treatments on the association between periodontitis and LRs, as well as factors associated with LRs.

Methods: This case–control study was conducted on 283 individuals followed at a leprosy outpatient clinic in Brazil. The case group was comprised of 158 individuals presenting type 1 or type 2 LRs, and the control group of 125 leprosy individuals without reactions. A complete oral examination was performed to diagnose periodontitis, the independent variable. Antireaction medication used was collected from medical records, and participants were classified according to the use of prednisone and/or thalidomide, time of use, or non‐use of medication. Socioeconomic–demographic, clinical, and lifestyle covariables were collected by interview. Unconditional logistic regression analysis by subgroups evaluated the effect of antireaction medication on the association between periodontitis and LRs, estimating the odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval (OR; 95% CI).

Results: A relationship between periodontitis and LRs was observed only in the subgroup using the association prednisone and thalidomide: ORadjusted = 0.32; 95% CI = 0.11–0.95. Conversely, more severe periodontal clinical parameters were observed in cases versus controls. Several socioeconomic, health conditions, and lifestyle factors were associated with the presence of LRs.

Conclusions: Although periodontal disease indicators were worse among the cases, the findings showed a negative relationship between periodontitis and LRs in individuals receiving associated prednisone and thalidomide. These medications appear to influence the inflammatory cascade between diseases, modifying and masking the manifestations of periodontitis.
Infant versus noninfant formulas and cow's milk: Transition based on age or weight?
Authors: Orkin Sarah , Hitchcock Kathryn , Phillips Jennifer , Romantic Emily , Trauth Amiee , Wessel Jacqueline , Mouzaki Marialena
Published: June 2024

Infant formulas are meant to be used until 1 year of age, at which point children are transitioned to non‐infant formulas or cow's milk, depending on their remaining dietary intake. Noninfant formulas and cow's milk are appropriate for children who have an average weight at that 1‐year mark (9–9.5 kg); however, can contribute significant protein and/or electrolytes to children who are underweight for age, particularly if they still rely heavily on formula feeding for their caloric intake. In this short communication, we present several cases of patients who received excessive amounts of nutrients for age following the formula transition at the 1‐year mark. We also provide recommendations for clinicians to consider when faced with underweight infants who are meant to be transitioning off infant formulas.
Micro‐Raman study of black and red decorations of Neolithic Yangshao potteries excavated from Taiyuan city, Shanxi province, China (c. 3000 BCE)
Authors: Wang Ying , Yang Yuanqing , Hou Liangliang , Guo Rui , Wang Fen , Zhu Jianfeng , Pei Jingrong , Luo Hongjie , Wang Tian
Published: June 2024

Yangshao culture, as the most important Neolithic culture in China, is famous for its finely decorated pottery. In this work, Yangshao potteries excavated in Shanxi province, one of the core distribution areas, were studied by micro‐Raman spectroscopy combined with optical microscopy, X‐ray fluorescence, and scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy. The color of the red decor is derived from hematite and maghemite. The black decorations on the surface are more complex, which could be divided into two types according to the Mn/Fe ratios and crystalline types: (1) low MnO2/Fe2O3 ratio and jacobsite and magnetite and (2) high MnO2/Fe2O3 ratio and hausmannite. The former color is obviously brighter than the latter. This study also demonstrates the potential of micro‐Raman microscopy in analyzing the nature of colorant crystals in Yangshao painted potteries and, therefore, better deciphering the technical details involved in the potteries of Yangshao culture.
Effects of foliar application of methyl jasmonate and/or urea, conventional or via nanoparticles, on grape volatile composition
Authors: Torres‐Díaz Lesly L. , Pérez‐Álvarez Eva P , Parra‐Torrejón Belén , Marín‐San Román Sandra , de Sáenz de Urturi Itziar , Ramírez‐Rodríguez Gloria B , Murillo‐Peña Rebeca , González‐Lázaro Miriam , Delgado‐López José M , Garde‐Cerdán Teresa
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND

Viticulture has adapted foliar applications of biostimulants as a tool to improve crop quality. Recently, nanotechnology has been incorporated as a strategy to reduce the loss of biostimulants and treat nutrient deficiencies. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of foliar applications of amorphous calcium phosphate nanoparticles (ACP) doped with methyl jasmonate (ACP‐MeJA) and urea (ACP‐Ur), individually or together (ACP‐MeJA+Ur), on the content of volatile compounds in ‘Tempranillo’ grapes, compared to the conventional application of MeJA and Ur, individually or in combination (MeJA+Ur).

RESULTS

The results showed that nanoparticle treatments reduced the total C6 compounds and some carbonyl compounds in the grape musts. This is of novel interest because their presence at high levels is undesirable to quality. In addition, some aroma‐positive compounds such as nerol, neral, geranyl acetone, β‐cyclocitral, β‐ionone, 2‐phenylethanal and 2‐phenylethanol increased, despite applying MeJA and Ur at a lower dose.

CONCLUSION

Consequently, although few differences in grape volatile composition were detected, nanotechnology could be an option for improving the aromatic quality of grapes, at the same time as reducing the required doses of biostimulants and generating more sustainable agricultural practices. © 2024 The Author(s). Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Effects of foliar spraying different sizes of zinc fertilizer on the growth and cadmium accumulation in rice
Authors: Ma Haorui , You Laiyong , Yi Xiu , Ding Chengcheng , Zhou Jing , Zhou Jun
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND

Nanotechnology has been widely applied in agricultural science. During the process of reducing metal toxicity and accumulation in rice, nanomaterials exhibit size effects. However, there is limited knowledge regarding these size effects. We aim to explore the impact of fertilizer with various sizes of ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO‐NPs) on rice growth and cadmium (Cd) accumulation and to elucidate the potential mechanism of Cd reduction in rice. Foliar applications of different concentrations (0.5 and 2 mmol L−1) and different sizes (30 and 300 nm ZnO‐NPs) of zinc (Zn) fertilizer (Zn(NO3)2) were performed to investigate the effects on rice growth, Cd accumulation and subcellular distribution, and the expression of Zn–Cd transport genes.

RESULTS

The results suggested that all the foliar sprayings can significantly reduce the Cd concentrations in rice grains by 41–61% with the highest reduction in the application of ZnO‐NPs with large size and low concentration. This is related to the enhancement of Cd fixation in leaf cell walls and downregulation of Cd transport genes (OsZIP7, OsHMA2, OsHMA3) in stem nodes. Foliar ZnO‐NPs applications can increase the Zn concentration in grains by 9–21%. Foliar applications of Zn(NO3)2 and small‐sized ZnO‐NPs promoted plant growth and rice yield, while the application of large‐sized ZnO‐NPs significantly reduced rice growth and yield.

CONCLUSION

The study suggests that the rice yield and Cd reduction are dependent on the size and concentration of foliar spraying and the use of large‐sized ZnO‐NPs is the most effective strategy when considering both yield and Cd reduction comprehensively. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Kappa‐carrageenan and xylooligosaccharide effect on water mobility and structural changes in silver carp proteins during frozen storage
Authors: Walayat Noman , Wei Ran , Lorenzo Jose M , Nawaz Asad , Khalifa Ibrahim , Su Zhucheng , Salah Mahmoud , Ahmed Mukhtar
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND

The cryoprotective effect of xylooligosaccharide (XO) and kappa‐carrageenan (KC) mixture on silver carp proteins in fluctuated frozen storage from 4 to −18 °C was analyzed. Positive control as a conventional cryoprotectant mixture of sucrose (4%) and sorbitol (4%), KC (3%) and XO/KC (3%) treatments were incorporated in silver carp surimi and myofibrillar proteins to analyze the water mobility and its influence on structural attributes.

RESULTS

The temperature fluctuation significantly increased the structural alteration in samples with no treatments due to oxidative changes, protein denaturation and recrystallization. Meanwhile, the mixture of XO and KC (XO/KC 3%) significantly reduced the tertiary and secondary structural alterations by preventing the oxidative changes in α‐helix and tryptophan (Trp) residues. Moreover, XO/KC (3%) inhibited water mobility, hindering the T22 relaxation time, as compared to the samples added with KC (3%) and the positive control. Interestingly, the XO/KC (3%) mixture significantly reduced the formation of extracellular spaces and recrystallization by restricting the partial dehydration of muscles and extracellular solution concentration.

CONCLUSION

From the current results, it can be concluded that the XO/KC mixture could be efficient in protecting aquatic food proteins during fluctuating frozen storage by preventing the exposure of Trp residues and α‐helix contents. Moreover, XO/KC restricted the water mobility by establishing a bond and making water unavailable for crystallization and recrystallization. Therefore, XO/KC could be used as an effective mixture to prevent fluctuated and frozen storage changes in aquatic foods. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Vertical field‐effect transistor using c‐axis aligned crystal indium–gallium–zinc oxide on glass substrate and prototype organic light‐emitting diode display
Authors: Nakada Masataka , Shima Yukinori , Jincho Masami , Sato Manabu , Kurosaki Daisuke , Koezuka Junichi , Okazaki Kenichi , Saito Motoharu , Kusunoki Koji , Atsumi Tomoaki , Seo Norihiko , Yamazaki Shunpei
Published: June 2024

This study developed a technology for a vertical field‐effect transistor (VFET) incorporating c‐axis aligned crystal oxide semiconductor on a Gen 3.5 glass substrate. VFETs, with a channel length of 0.5 μm, demonstrated stable characteristics with minimal variation, higher on‐state current compared with low‐temperature polysilicon FETs, and extremely low off‐state leakage current. A prototype 513‐ppi organic light‐emitting diode display that features a red, green, and blue stripe arrangement and includes an internal compensation circuit with a configuration of six transistors and two capacitors was fabricated by harnessing the advantageous features of VFETs. Such a display was previously unattainable with planar FETs. Thus, the developed VFET technology presents a viable pathway for achieving ultrahigh‐resolution panels on glass substrates.
A review of portal vein embolization prior to hepatic resection
Authors: Sivakumar Ishwarya , Liddell Robert P.
Published: June 2024

Primary and metastatic liver cancers are increasing in incidence, and the approaches with the longest survival are resection and transplantation. Posthepatectomy liver failure (PHLF) is the leading cause of mortality following liver resection. PHLF is largely due to liver insufficiency due to the insufficient size of the future liver remnant (FLR). In this review, we will describe portal vein embolization, which is a neoadjuvant therapy used to induce hypertrophy in the FLR before resection.
Who still needs surgical staging of the axilla for invasive breast cancer?
Authors: Kelley Kathryn , Sener Stephen F.
Published: June 2024

Sentinel lymphadenectomy may be safely omitted for postmenopausal patients with low‐risk estrogen‐receptor‐positive cancers who have a negative pretreatment axillary ultrasound. Surgical staging should still be done for patients who are premenopausal or postmenopausal with high‐risk estrogen receptor‐positive cancers, for those having neoadjuvant chemotherapy, or those with estrogen‐receptor‐negative or human epidermal growth factor receptor‐positive cancers.
circUQCRC2 promotes asthma progression in children by activating the VEGFA/NF‐κB pathway by targeting miR‐381‐3p
Authors: Yang Li‐Juan , Sui Shu‐Xiang , Zheng Qing‐Hua , Wang Min
Published: June 2024

This study targeted to explore circUQCRC2's role and mechanism in childhood asthma. A mouse model of ovalbumin‐induced asthma was established to evaluate the effects of circUQCRC2 on childhood asthma in terms of oxidative stress, inflammation, and collagen deposition. The effects of circUQCRC2 on platelet‐derived growth factor‐BB (PDGF‐BB)‐induced smooth muscle cells (SMCs) were evaluated, the downstream mRNA of miRNA and its associated pathways were predicted and validated, and their effects on asthmatic mice were evaluated. circUQCRC2 levels were upregulated in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of asthmatic mice and PDGF‐BB‐treated SMCs. Depleting circUQCRC2 alleviated tissue damage in asthmatic mice, improved inflammatory levels and oxidative stress in asthmatic mice and PDGF‐BB‐treated SMC, inhibited malignant proliferation and migration of SMCs, and improved airway remodeling. Mechanistically, circUQCRC2 regulated VEGFA expression through miR‐381‐3p and activated the NF‐κB cascade. circUQCRC2 knockdown inactivated the NF‐κB cascade by modulating the miR‐381‐3p/VEGFA axis. Promoting circUQCRC2 stimulates asthma development by activating the miR‐381‐3p/VEGFA/NF‐κB cascade. Therefore, knocking down circUQCRC2 or overexpressing miR‐381‐3p offers a new approach to treating childhood asthma.
Intraoperative lateral laxity greater than 4° is associated with inferior functional improvement in posterior‐stabilised total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Inokuchi Takao , Muratsu Hirotsugu , Kamenaga Tomoyuki , Tsubosaka Masanori , Nakano Naoki , Hayashi Shinya , Kuroda Ryosuke , Matsumoto Tomoyuki
Published: June 2024

Purpose

The study aimed to determine the impact of intraoperative lateral laxity at extension on clinical and functional outcomes 1 year after posterior‐stabilised total knee arthroplasty (PS‐TKA).

Methods

In total, 91 varus‐type osteoarthritic knees that underwent PS‐TKA using the medial preservation gap technique were included. After the femoral trial component placement and patellofemoral joint reduction, the soft‐tissue balance was assessed using an offset‐type tensor with a 40‐lb joint‐distraction force. Patients were divided into the following three groups according to the intraoperative lateral laxity at extension (i.e., varus ligament balance) using the mean ± 1 standard deviation: Groups A, ≤0°; B, 0–4°; and C, >4°. The 2011 Knee Society Score (KSS) and 3‐m timed up‐and‐go test (TUG) time 1‐year postoperatively, and their improvements were compared among the groups.

Results

While significant improvements were observed in all subscales of the 2011 KSS and TUG post‐TKA (p < 0.05), the improvement of functional activities and TUG time were significantly lower in Group C than in Group B (p < 0.05). However, no significant differences were observed in symptom improvement, patient satisfaction or patient expectation scores among the groups.

Conclusion

An excessive lateral laxity (varus angle) >4° at extension was associated with lower improvement in functional ability 1‐year postoperatively. Therefore, excessive intraoperative lateral laxity should be avoided in PS‐TKA.

Level of Evidence

Level IV.
Overnight Monitoring Criteria for Children with Obstructive Sleep‐Disordered Breathing After Tonsillectomy: Revisited
Authors: Jáuregui Emmanuel J. , Diala Obinna , Rove Kyle O. , Hoefner‐Notz Regina , Tong Suhong , Nguyen Thanh , Friedman Norman R.
Published: June 2024

Objectives

Previous studies indicate children who pass an Asleep Room Air Challenge (AsRAC) do not have significant postoperative adverse respiratory events after adenotonsillectomy (T&A).

Subsequently, we revised our overnight monitoring (OM) criteria, allowing patients with an obstructive apnea/hypopnea index (OAHI) ≤20 or nonsevere obesity (Class I) to be considered for same‐day surgery (SDS) if they passed an AsRAC.

Our hypothesis is that our modified OM criteria would not increase the return visits or readmission rates for patients undergoing SDS within 48 h or 15 days of T&A.

Methods

A retrospective review of all children aged ≥3 and <21 years who underwent T&A at a tertiary children's hospital and its satellite locations was performed from January 2017 to September 2022. Descriptive statistics and outcome measures were compared using a 3% margin noninferiority test before and after the new criteria implementation.

Results

Before intervention, 3,266 (58%) T&As were performed as SDS.

Afterward, 74% of T&As were performed as SDS (p‐value <0.05). There was no difference in the ED revisit rate for SDS within the 3% noninferiority margin. Following intervention, 29% more children with Class I obesity (62% vs. 33%) underwent SDS (p‐value <0.001). Afterward, 19% more children with polysomnography underwent SDS (39% vs. 20%), p‐value <0.001. After intervention, within 48 h of SDS, six (0.9%) children had revisits for bleeding and seven (1.2%) for vomiting. There were no perioperative respiratory events.

Conclusion

Our revised monitoring criteria did not demonstrate an increase in ED visit or readmissions rates within 48 h or 15 days of T&A. Additionally, we found a 29% increase in Class I obese children undergoing SDS T&A.

Level of Evidence

3 Laryngoscope, 134:5223–5230, 2024
Accumulated soil seed bank of the invasive sand dropseed (Sporobolus cryptandrus) poses a challenge for its suppression
Authors: Török Péter , Espinoza Ami Francis David , Szél‐Tóth Katalin , Díaz Cando Patrícia , Guallichico Suntaxi Luis Roberto , McIntosh‐Buday Andrea , Hábenczyus Alida Anna , Törő‐Szijgyártó Viktória , Kovacsics‐Vári Gergely , Tölgyesi Csaba , Tóthmérész Béla , Sonkoly Judit
Published: June 2024

Global warming, elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations and increased likeliness of extreme drought and wildfires in many regions will likely favour C4 grass species. To support future management actions, we explored the effect of the encroachment of an invasive perennial C4 grass, Sporobolus cryptandrus on the composition of soil seed banks in dry sand grasslands in Central Europe. In five mass‐locality sites of the species we assessed the composition and vertical segmentation of the soil seed bank in 12 1‐m2 plots along an increasing cover of the invasive species. We found that the seed bank diversity and density decreased with increasing sampling depth; the decrease in density was affected by the increasing S. cryptandrus cover. Neither the diversity nor the seed bank density of other species were affected by increasing S. cryptandrus cover but both were affected by the sampling site. Most of the studied seed bank characteristics were affected by the sampling depth, but none of them were affected by the increasing cover of S. cryptandrus. Increasing cover of S. cryptandrus in the vegetation was associated with an increasing proportion of S. cryptandrus seeds in the seed bank, and we found a low‐density soil seed bank of the species even in plots with no S. cryptandrus cover. Our finding that S. cryptandrus forms a massive soil seed bank, together with the predicted decrease in the precipitation of the summer months and increase in the frequency of droughts in the region, projects further rapid spread of the species.
Exploring drug repositioning possibilities of kinase inhibitors via molecular simulation**
Authors: Wang Qing‐Xin , Cai Jiao , Chen Zi‐Jun , Liu Jia‐Chuan , Wang Jing‐Jing , Zhou Hai , Li Qing‐Qing , Wang Zi‐Xuan , Wang Yi‐Bo , Tong Zhen‐Jiang , Yang Jin , Wei Tian‐Hua , Zhang Meng‐Yuan , Zhou Yun , Dai Wei‐Chen , Ding Ning , Leng Xue‐Jiao , Yin Xiao‐Ying , Sun Shan‐Liang , Yu Yan‐Cheng , Li Nian‐Guang , Shi Zhi‐Hao
Published: June 2024

Kinases, a class of enzymes controlling various substrates phosphorylation, are pivotal in both physiological and pathological processes. Although their conserved ATP binding pockets pose challenges for achieving selectivity, this feature offers opportunities for drug repositioning of kinase inhibitors (KIs). This study presents a cost‐effective in silico prediction of KIs drug repositioning via analyzing cross‐docking results. We established the KIs database (278 unique KIs, 1834 bioactivity data points) and kinases database (357 kinase structures categorized by the DFG motif) for carrying out cross‐docking. Comparative analysis of the docking scores and reported experimental bioactivity revealed that the Atypical, TK, and TKL superfamilies are suitable for drug repositioning. Among these kinase superfamilies, Olverematinib, Lapatinib, and Abemaciclib displayed enzymatic activity in our focused AKT‐PI3K‐mTOR pathway with IC50 values of 3.3, 3.2 and 5.8 μM. Further cell assays showed IC50 values of 0.2, 1.2 and 0.6 μM in tumor cells. The consistent result between prediction and validation demonstrated that repositioning KIs via in silico method is feasible.