bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Building capacity for conflict-sensitive reportage of elections in Nigeria
Authors:   , Adebayo Joseph Olusegun
Published: July 2022

Nigeria’s vociferous media has the potential to be divided along ethnic and religious lines. Given that most Nigerians view political aspirants in terms of their ethnic and religious lineage rather than political ideology, and since most Nigerians rely on the media for information, there is the tendency to fall prey to biased and insensitive reportage, capable of inciting violence which is elicited by prejudiced information often presented as news, features, commentaries, documentaries, etc. This problem is the major motivation behind this research, which aims to build through training, the capacity of the media to report elections in a conflict-sensitive manner. This thesis develops, through the use of a participatory action research design, an alternative method of news reportage using the peace-journalism model. The model, developed by Jake Lynch and Annabel McGoldrick (2005), encourages journalists to report social issues in ways that create opportunities for a society to consider and value nonviolent responses toward conflict by using the insights from conflict analysis and transformation to update concepts of balance, fairness and accuracy in reporting. It also provides a new route map, which traces the connections between journalists, their sources, the stories they cover and the consequences of their reportage. In addition, it builds awareness of nonviolence and brings creativity into the practical job of everyday editing and reporting. This research holds theoretical significance in that it explicitly identifies conditions that encourage journalists to apply conflict-sensitivity to their reportage, thereby promoting societal peace, particularly during elections. The research findings herein offer a unifying multi-dimensional, conceptual framework which can be used to analyse and discuss the role journalists play in ensuring peaceful elections and demonstrates that they have a constructive part to play when covering sensitive social issues. A training manual has been developed from the findings of the study; it is intended to serve as a template and guide for journalists reporting on elections across the African continent.
Magazines' representation of women and the influence on identity construction
Authors:   , Govender Nereshnee
Published: July 2022

The history of South Africa has many scars of oppression and women have long experienced a disempowered position in society. It is also a history of intrepid efforts to emancipate South Africans from past afflictions. Media in South Africa played a key role in amplifying the apartheid regime and also overthrowing it. Media has significant power, is regarded as a bastion of freedom and nation building, and by means of its representation, contributes to our individual and social identities. Magazine media, in particular, are modern and popular cultural forms of representation. It is a significant force in South African culture and plays a central role in shaping public opinion on women. South Africa has a deep-rooted patriarchal value system and while advances can be commended, significant challenges persist. Despite women actively engaging in various aspects of society, from business to sport, they continue to receive marginal support and media attention. Stereotypical representations abound in magazine content and women are often sexualised and objectified in traditionally feminine, decorative roles and framed by their social positions as homemakers and non-professionals. This study explores magazines’ representation of women and the influence on identity construction. The connected landscapes of media’s production and consumption practices is also addressed, as there is a powerful interplay of how the economics of publishing significantly shape media content. This study proposes a model that contributes to promoting diversity in media content, ownership and control, critical citizenry and media accountability in terms of social change and gender equality. The qualitative methodological approach addresses the issue of objectification of women in editorial content and advertisements of two of South Africa’s leading consumer magazines, YOU and DRUM. The findings reveal that gender stereotypes thrive in magazine texts that repeatedly represent women as objects for male consumption, thereby not reflecting the diverse and progressive roles of modern day women. Magazine media can play a powerful role in helping to dislodge the patriarchal, public attitudes towards women. Diversified, equitable representation of gender in media is important so that it may demonstrate, and influence, society’s shift towards egalitarian principles. This study serves as a catalyst for change by building a knowledge base and raising awareness regarding magazines’ role in identity construction, by advocating gender issues and by contributing to gender parity in and through the media.
Communication tools used to educate high school learners about HIV/AIDS in the Mthatha area
Authors:   , Madikizela Nonceba
Published: July 2022

The growing number of HIV/AIDS infections amongst the youth is a cause for concern, particularly with prevention messages being communicated through various media platforms. This signals gaps between the senders and receivers of these messages. Therefore, people are either not learning the message about the dangers of HIV, or are unable or unwilling to act on it. Mthatha is in the centre of the old Transkei region of the Eastern Cape. It falls under the King Sabata Dalindyebo Local Municipality and the OR Tambo District Municipality. Teenage pregnancy is a major challenge in this area, which indicates that most teenagers do not use protection during sexual intercourse. This suggests that the HIV infection rate may be too high. With there being no cure for this disease, communication has been identified as an ideal method of helping to curb the spread of this disease. The purpose of the study was to assess communication tools used to educate high school learners about HIV/AIDS in the Mthatha area. Data was collected through questionnaires administered to 341 high school learners. Three out of the eight high schools from the Mthatha Central Business District (CBD) in the Eastern Cape were identified for the study. The selection of these high schools was based on the demographics of the learners, which are age, gender and background. The findings have revealed that there are numerous methods used to educate learners about the HIV/AIDS pandemic. Learners identified mostly with three sources as the accurate tools of communication in HIV/AIDS education; Health education/curriculum, Entertainment-education and Peer Education.
Usability Evaluation of E-Government Website: A Use of System Usability Scale
Authors: Ilyas Amna , Wajid Syed Hamza , Muhammad AbdulHafeez
Published: July 2022

The site’s usability and availability standards of e-government sites should be better that are further operating and make further advantageous to the web clients. Effectiveness is a critical factor in clients' commitment to e-government. In any case, flow research has not given a lot of consideration to assessing the convenience of e-government web pages or websites. All things considered, this study offers an observational examination that applies a client’s attentive way to deal with assessing proficiency in the current e-government site, i.e., punjab public service commission (PPSC) in Pakistan. In light of the issues found regarding the user interface, an alternate arrangement, complete plan with recommendations is proposed with initial inspection. This review concern evaluated the usability of the most popular e-government websites and this study’s purpose is to determine to explore the factors that disturb the user experience of e-government websites, will discuss the previous studies, and will perform SUS for inspection the usability of current E-Government websites.
Sentiment Analysis of Public Reaction towards Pakistan Democratic Movement
Authors: Mehdi Muntazir , Islam Noman , Irfan Anamta , Habib Sana
Published: July 2022

This paper performs the sentiment analysis on tweets and social media posts of general people of Pakistan about one of Pakistan’s political party i.e. Pakistan Democratic Movement (PDM). PDM is a political movement comprised of 11 political parties of Pakistan founded against the current government of Pakistan. This paper focus on analyzing the sentiments of common Pakistanis towards PDM. Sentiment analysis is also called opinion mining or text mining. It is a way to find out public opinion and their reaction towards a particular entity or a topic. In the proposed system, data is extracted from Facebook using instant data scraper, and also tweets from twitter were extracted using twitter API. The data was extracted based on the query: current situations in Pakistan i.e. Pakistan Democratic Movement. This paper focuses on mining social media comments written in different languages and mostly in English. After pre-processing, data is labelled manually using 5 emotions which are agree, disagree, neutral, sarcastic and angry. After labeling the data several algorithms are used like support vector machines, Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) and Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) to classify the tweets/ posts.
A FORMAÇÃO DE PROFESSORES: EDUCAÇÃO INFANTIL
Authors: Sobral Antonia Rosa , Queiroz Danielle Aparecida dos Santos , Souza Greicy Regina da Costa , Souza Miriam Arruda de , Melo Nelise Maria Oliveira de , Sousa Rosângela Maria Ferreira de
Published: July 2022

Esse trabalho envolve a formação de professores para atuar na educação infantil. Faz um breve resgate histórico das instituições de educação infantil no Brasil e analisa sua expansão ao longo dos anos, apresenta as leis e constituições que envolvem esses espaços e discute o conceito de infância ao longo do tempo. A questão de pesquisa foi: "Os professores que atuam na educação infantil estão devidamente capacitados para atuar nesta etapa da educação?". Seu objetivo é reconhecer a formação de professores que atuam na educação infantil, suas concepções de formação de professores e educação infantil. Constatou-se que os professores possuem a formação mínima exigida para atuar na educação infantil, licenciatura em pedagogia, mas não fizeram cursos de formação continuada para aprofundar seus conhecimentos.
Future dust concentration over the Middle East and North Africa region under global warming and stratospheric aerosol intervention scenarios
Authors: Mousavi Seyed Vahid , Karami Khalil , Tilmes Simone , Muri Helene , Xia Lili , Rezaei Abolfazl
Published: July 2022

Abstract. The Middle East and North Africa (MENA) is the dustiest region, in the world and understanding the projected changes in the dust concentrations in the region is crucially important. Stratospheric aerosol injection (SAI) geoengineering aims to reduce global warming, by increasing the reflection of a small amount of the incoming solar radiation to space, and hence reducing the global surface temperatures. Using the output from the Geoengineering Large Ensemble Project (GLENS) project, we show a reduction in the dust concentration in the MENA region under both global warming (RCP8.5) and GLENS-SAI scenarios compared to the present-day climate. This reduction over the MENA region is stronger under the SAI scenario, while for dry season (e.g., summer with the strongest dust events), more reduction has been projected for the global warming scenario. The maximum reduction of the dust concentrations in the MENA region (under both the global warming and SAI) is due to the weakening of the dust hotspots emissions from the sources of the Middle East. Further analysis of the differences in the surface temperature, soil water, precipitation, leaf area index, and near surface wind speed provides some insights into the underlying physical mechanisms that determine the changes in the future dust concentrations in the MENA region. We also conduct wavelet analysis using the time series of the monthly, seasonal, and annual climate changes under the SAI simulation to identify the dust relationship with the considered variables. Our findings show that a stronger reduction of the dust concentration in the MENA region under SAI relative to the RCP8.5 scenario is a complex interplay with temperature reduction, precipitation, soil water and leaf area index enhancement, as well as weakening of near surface winds compared to the present-day climate.
Chemical and dynamical identification of emission outflows during the HALO campaign EMeRGe in Europe and Asia
Authors: Förster Eric , Bönisch Harald , Neumaier Marco , Obersteiner Florian , Zahn Andreas , Hilboll Andreas , Kalisz Hedegaard Anna Beata , Daskalakis Nikos , Poulidis Alexandros Panagiotis , Vrekoussis Mihalis , Lichtenstern Michael , Braesicke Peter
Published: July 2022

Abstract. Worldwide the number of large urban agglomerations is steadily increasing. At a local scale, their emissions lead to air pollution, directly affecting people’s health. On a global scale, their emissions lead to an increase of greenhouse gases, affecting climate. In this context, in 2017 and 2018, the airborne campaigns EMeRGe (Effect of Megacities on the transport and transformation of pollutants on the Regional to Global scales) investigated emissions of European and Asian major population centres (MPCs) to improve the understanding and predictability of pollution outflows. Here, we present two methods to identify and characterise emission outflows probed during EMeRGe. First, we use a set of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) as chemical tracers to characterise air-masses by specific source signals, i.e. benzene from anthropogenic emissions of targeted regions, acetonitrile from biomass burning (BB, primarily during EMeRGe-Asia) and isoprene from fresh biogenic signals (primarily during EMeRGe-Europe). Second, we attribute probed air-masses to source regions and estimate their individual contribution by constructing and applying a simple emission uptake scheme for the boundary layer which combines FLEXTRA back-trajectories and EDGAR carbon monoxide (CO) emission rates (acronyms are provided in Appendix A). During EMeRGe-Europe, we identified anthropogenic emission outflows from Northern Italy, Southern Great Britain, the Belgium-Netherlands-Ruhr area and the Iberian Peninsula. Additionally, our uptake scheme indicates significant long-range transport of emissions from the USA and Canada. During EMeRGe-Asia, the emission outflow is dominated by sources in China and Taiwan, with further emissions (mostly from BB) originating from Southeast Asia and India. Emissions of pre-selected MPC targets are identified in less than 20 % of the sampling time, due to restrictions in flight planning and constraints of the measurement platform itself. Still, EMeRGe combines in a unique way near- and far-field measurements, which show signatures of local and distant sources, transport and conversion fingerprints and complex emission mixtures. Our approach already provides a valuable classification and characterisation of the EMeRGe dataset, e.g. for BB and anthropogenic influence of potential source regions, and paves the way for a more comprehensive analysis and various model studies.
Global seasonal distribution of CH2Br2 and CHBr3 in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere
Authors: Jesswein Markus , Fernandez Rafael P. , Berná Lucas , Saiz-Lopez Alfonso , Grooß Jens-Uwe , Hossaini Ryan , Apel Eric C. , Hornbrook Rebecca S. , Atlas Elliot L. , Blake Donald R. , Montzka Stephen , Keber Timo , Schuck Tanja , Wagenhäuser Thomas , Engel Andreas
Published: July 2022

Abstract. Bromine released from the decomposition of short-lived brominated source gases contributes as a sink of ozone in the lower stratosphere. The two major contributors are CH2Br2 and CHBr3. In this study, we investigate the global seasonal distribution of these two substances, based on four High Altitude and Long Range Research Aircraft (HALO) missions, the HIAPER Pole-to-Pole Observations (HIPPO) mission, and the Atmospheric Tomography (ATom) mission. Observations of CH2Br2 in the free and upper troposphere indicate a pronounced seasonality in both hemispheres, with slightly larger mixing ratios in the Northern Hemisphere (NH). Compared to CH2Br2, CHBr3 in these regions shows larger variability and less clear seasonality, presenting larger mixing ratios in winter and autumn in NH mid to high latitudes. A clear CH2Br2 maximum is observed in the NH during autumn with a less pronounced similar feature in the Southern Hemisphere (SH). This suggests that transport processes may be different in both hemispheric autumn seasons, which implies that the influx of tropospheric air ("flushing") into the NH lowermost stratosphere is more efficient than in the SH. However, the SH database is insufficient to quantify this difference. We further compare the observations to model estimates of TOMCAT and CAM-Chem, both using the same emission inventory. The pronounced tropospheric seasonality of CH2Br2 in the SH is not reproduced by the models, presumably due to erroneous seasonal emissions or atmospheric photochemical decomposition efficiencies. In contrast, model simulations of CHBr3 show a pronounced seasonality in both hemispheres, which are not confirmed by observations. The distributions of both species in the lowermost stratosphere of the Northern and Southern Hemispheres are overall well captured by the models with the exception of southern hemispheric autumn, where both models present a bias that maximizes in the lowest 40 K above the tropopause, with considerably lower mixing ratios in the observations. Thus, both models reproduce equivalent "flushing" in both hemispheres, which is not confirmed by the available observations. Our study emphasises the need for more extensive 20 observations in the SH to fully understand the impact of CH2Br2 and CHBr3 on lowermost stratospheric ozone loss and to help constraining emissions.
Multi-objective calibration of the Community Land Model Version 5.0 using in-situ observations of water and energy fluxes and variables
Authors: Denager Tanja , Sonnenborg Torben O. , Looms Majken C. , Bogena Heye , Jensen Karsten H.
Published: July 2022

Abstract. This study evaluate water and energy fluxes and variables in combination with parameter optimization of the state-of-the-art land surface model Community Land Model version 5 (CLM5), using six years of hourly observations of latent heat flux, sensible heat flux, groundwater recharge and soil moisture. The results show that multi-objective calibration in combination with truncated singular value decomposition and Tikhonov regularization is a powerful method to improve the current practice of using look-up tables to define parameter values in land surface models. Furthermore, reliability of the optimized model parameters can be estimated by statistical measures such as identifiability and relative error variance reduction. As in most other eddy covariance studies, closure of the land surface energy balance is not achieved on observation data. However, using direct measurement of turbulent fluxes as target variable, the parameter optimization is capable of matching simulations and observations of latent heat, especially during the summer period, while simulated sensible heat is clearly biased. The fact that CLM5 is not capable of matching sensible heat, not even with advanced parameter optimization of model parameter values, suggests that the lack of energy closure is due to biases in the sensible heat flux. The results from this study contribute to improvements in model characterization of water and energy fluxes. It is underlined that parameter calibration using available observations of hydrologic and energy fluxes and variables is necessary to obtain the optimal parameter set of a land surface model.
Long-time Series Dataset of Soil Conservation Capacity Preventing Water Erosion in China (1992–2019)
Authors: Li Jialei , He Hongbin , Chen Liding , Sun Ranhao
Published: July 2022

Abstract. Soil conservation capacity (SC) is defined as the ability of the ecosystem to control soil erosion and protect soil function. A long-term and high-resolution estimation of soil conservation is urgent for ecological assessment and land management on a large scale. Here, a 300-m resolution SC dataset in China is established from 1992 to 2019 based on the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) model. The RUSLE modelling was conducted based on five key parameters, including the rainfall erosivity (interpolation of daily rainfall), land cover management (provincial data), conservation practices (weighted by terrain and crop types), topography (30 m), and soil properties (250 m). The dataset agrees with previous measurements (R2 > 0.5 in all the basins) and other regional simulations. The results show that China's SC decreased before 2003 and then increased up to now. The SC change exhibits the ecological effects of soil and water conservation policies in China, such as the Conversion of Farmland to Forests and Grass (Grain-for-Green), which unfolded many movements after 2000. Compared with current studies, the dataset has long-term, large-scale, and relatively high-resolution characteristics. This dataset will serve as a base to open out the mechanism of SC variations in China and could help assess the ecological effects of land management policies. This dataset is available at https://doi.org/10.11888/Terre.tpdc.272668 (Li et al., 2022).
A dataset of 10-year regional-scale soil moisture and soil temperature measurements at multiple depths on the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Zhang Pei , Zheng Donghai , van der Velde Rogier , Wen Jun , Ma Yaoming , Zeng Yijian , Wang Xin , Wang Zuoliang , Chen Jiali , Su Zhongbo
Published: July 2022

Abstract. Soil moisture and soil temperature (SMST) are important state variables for quantifying exchange of heat and water between land and atmosphere. Yet, long-term regional-scale in-situ SMST measurements are scarce on the Tibetan Plateau (TP), even fewer are available for multiple soil depths. “Tibet-Obs” is such a long-term regional-scale SMST observatory in the TP established 10 years ago that includes three SMST monitoring networks, i.e., Maqu, Naqu, and Ngari (including Ali and Shiquanhe), located in the cold humid area covered by short grasses, the cold semiarid area dominated by tundra, and the cold arid area dominated by desert, respectively. This paper presents a long-term (~10 years) SMST profile dataset collected from the Tibet-Obs, which includes the original in-situ measurements at a 15-min interval collected between 2008 and 2019 from all the three networks and the spatially upscaled data (SMups and STups) for the Maqu and Shiquanhe networks. The quality of the upscaled data is proved to be good with errors that are generally better than the measured accuracy of adopted SMST sensors. Long term analysis of the upscaled SMST profile data shows that the amplitudes of SMST variations decrease with increasing soil depth, and the deeper soil layers present later onset of freezing and earlier start of thawing and thus shorter freeze-thaw duration in both Maqu and Shiquanhe networks. In addition, there are notably differences noted between the relationships of SMups and STups under freezing conditions for the Maqu and Shiquanhe networks. No significant trend can be found for the SMups profile in the warm season (from May to October) for both networks that is consistent with the tendency of precipitation. Similar finding is also found for the STups profile and air temperature in the Shiquanhe network during the warm season. For the cold season (from November to April), a drying trend is noted for the SMups above 20 cm in the Maqu network, while no significant trend is found for those in the Shiquanhe network. Comparisons between the long-term upscaled data and five reanalysis datasets indicate that none of current model-based products can reproduce the seasonal variations and inter-annual trend changes of measured SMST profile dynamics in both networks. All the products underestimate the STups at every depth, leading to earlier onset of freezing and later onset of thawing, which essentially demonstrates the current model are not able to adequately simulate winter conditions on the TP. In short, the presented dataset would be valuable for evaluation and improvement of long-term satellite- and model-based SMST products on the TP, enhancing the understanding of TP hydrometeorological processes and their response to climate change. The dataset is available in the 4TU.ResearchData repository at https://doi.org/10.4121/20141567.v1.
Reconstructing ocean subsurface salinity at high resolution using a machine learning approach
Authors: Tian Tian , Cheng Lijing , Wang Gongjie , Abraham John , Ren Shihe , Zhu Jiang , Song Junqiang , Leng Hongze
Published: July 2022

Abstract. A gridded ocean subsurface salinity dataset with global coverage is useful for research on climate change and its variability. Here, we explore a machine learning approach to reconstruct a high-resolution (0.25° × 0.25°) ocean subsurface (0–2000 m) salinity dataset for the period 1993–2018 by merging in situ salinity profile observations with high-resolution (0.25° × 0.25°) satellite remote sensing altimetry absolute dynamic topography (ADT), sea surface temperature (SST), sea surface wind (SSW) field data, and a coarse resolution (1° × 1°) gridded salinity product. We show that the feed-forward neural network approach can effectively transfer small-scale spatial variations in ADT, SST and SSW fields into the 0.25° × 0.25° salinity field. The root-mean-square error (RMSE) can be reduced by ~11 % on a global-average basis compared with the 1° × 1° salinity gridded field. The reduction in RMSE is much larger in the upper ocean than the deep ocean, because of stronger mesoscale variations in the upper layers. Besides, the new 0.25° × 0.25° reconstruction shows more realistic spatial signals in the regions with strong mesoscale variations, e.g., the Gulf Stream, Kuroshio, and Antarctic Circumpolar Current regions, than the 1° × 1° resolution product, indicating the efficiency of the machine learning approach in bringing satellite observations together with in situ observations. The large-scale salinity patterns from 0.25° × 0.25° data are consistent with the 1° × 1°gridded salinity field, suggesting the persistence of the large-scale signals in the high-resolution reconstruction. The successful application of machine learning in this study provides an alternative approach for ocean and climate data reconstruction that can complement the existing data assimilation and objective analysis methods. The reconstructed IAP0.25° dataset is freely available at http://dx.doi.org/10.12157/IOCAS.20220711.001 (Tian et al., 2022).
Developing a framework for the assessment of current and future flood risk in Venice, Italy
Authors: Schlumberger Julius , Ferrarin Christian , Jonkman Sebastiaan N. , Diaz Loaiza Manuel Andres , Antonini Alessandro , Fatorić Sandra
Published: July 2022

Abstract. Flooding causes serious impacts on the old town of Venice, its residents, and its cultural heritage. Despite this existence-defining condition, limited scientific knowledge on flood risk of the old town of Venice is available to support decisions to mitigate existing and future flood impacts. Therefore, this study proposes a risk assessment framework to provide a methodical and flexible instrument for decision-making for flood risk management in Venice. We first use a state-of-the-art hydrodynamic urban model to identify the hazard characteristics inside the city of Venice. Exposure, vulnerability, and corresponding damage are then modeled by a multi-parametric, micro-scale damage model which is adapted to the specific context of Venice with its dense urban structure and high risk awareness. Furthermore, a set of individual protection scenarios are implemented to account for possible variability in flood preparedness of the residents. This developed risk assessment framework was tested for the flood event of 12 November 2019 and proved able to reproduce flood characteristics and resulting damage well. A scenario analysis based on a meteorological event like 12 November 2019 was conducted to derive flood damage estimates for the year 2060 for a set of sea level rise scenarios in combination with a (partially) functioning storm surge barrier, the Modulo Sperimentale Elettromeccanico (MOSE). The analysis suggests that a functioning MOSE barrier could prevent flood damage for the considered storm event and sea level scenarios almost entirely. A partially closed MOSE barrier (open Lido inlet) could reduce the damage by up to 34 % for optimistic sea level rise prognoses. However, damage could be 10 % to 600 % higher in 2060 compared to 2019 for a partial closure of the storm surge barrier, depending on different levels of individual protection.
Warm conveyor belts in present-day and future climate simulations. Part I: Climatology and impacts
Authors: Joos Hanna , Sprenger Michael , Binder Hanin , Beyerle Urs , Wernli Heini
Published: July 2022

Abstract. This study investigates how warm conveyor belts (WCB) will change in a future climate. WCBs are strongly ascending airstreams in extratropical cyclones which are responsible for most of their precipitation. In conjunction with the strong cloud formation, latent heat is released which has an impact on the potential vorticity distribution and therefore on the atmospheric circulation in the mid- and upper-troposphere. Because of these and other impacts of WCBs, it is of great importance to investigate their changes in a warmer climate. To this aim, future climate simulations (RCP8.5 scenario; 2091–2100) are performed with the Community Earth System Model version 1 (CESM1) and compared to a present-day climate (1991–2000). WCB trajectories are calculated based on the six-hourly 3D wind fields. WCBs are represented reasonably well in terms of location and occurrence frequency compared to WCBs in the ERA-Interim data set. In a future climate, WCB inflow regions in the North Pacific are systematically shifted northward in winter, which is in agreement with the northward shift of the storm track in this region. In the North Atlantic, increased frequencies are discernible in the southwest and a decrease to the south of Iceland. Finally, in the Southern Hemisphere, WCB frequencies increase in the South Atlantic, whereas they decrease near Madagascar. Part of these changes are consistent with corresponding changes in the occurrence frequencies of extratropical cyclones, i.e., the driving weather systems of WCBs. Changes are also found in the WCB characteristics, e.g., in specific humidity of the WCB inflow, the WCB-related precipitation, the cross-isentropic ascent and the isentropic level reached by the WCB outflow. This has implications for WCB impacts in a future climate. For instance, the strong increase in inflow moisture leads to: (i) a strong increase in WCB-related precipitation, especially in the upper percentiles, thus extreme precipitation related to WCBs might increase; (ii) a strong increase in diabatic heating in the mid-troposphere; and (iii) a higher outflow level which favours WCBs to more strongly interact with the upper-level Rossby waveguide. In summary, by investigating a distinct weather system, the WCB, and how it changes in its occurrence frequency and characteristics in a future climate, this study provides new insights into the dynamics and impacts of climate change in the mid-latitudes.
Radio Pirenaica: The Oral Historical Memory of the Grimau Case
Authors: De la Quintana García Alfonso
Published: July 2022

El caso Grimau consistió en la detención, condena y fusilamiento de uno de los líderes comunistas más importantes de la lucha contra el franquismo infiltrado en 1962 en la España de Franco, y su correspondiente proceso judicial repleto de irregularidades gravísimas incluido un supuesto intento de suicidio. Esta noticia no hubiera tenido un impacto internacional sino hubiera sido por Radio España Independiente (REI), conocida por la opinión pública como La Pirenaica, una emisora clandestina subvencionada por la Unión Soviética. La metodología utilizada ha sido utilizar los Archivos Históricos del Partido Comunista de España, sección de guiones de Radio España Independiente, desde el siete de noviembre de 1962, día en el que Julián Grimau fue detenido, hasta el 20 de abril de 1963, cuando fue ejecutado. Un total de 164 días de emisiones consultadas. Las conclusiones más importantes son: Destacar que, a pesar de las graves irregularidades del proceso judicial y el fuerte impacto de su ejecución en la opinión pública mundial este caso no ha formado parte en la conciencia actual de la opinión pública española.
Revistas literarias del exilio alemán en Europa (1933-1940)
Authors: Pérez López Ana
Published: July 2022

Tras la subida de Hitler al poder, los alemanes en el exilio, dispersos por toda Europa, buscaron vías para combatir esa dispersión y enfrentarse al fascismo con la palabra, desvelando sus crímenes ante la opinión pública internacional y mostrando que ellos eran los representantes de la verdadera Alemania. El papel de los escritores en este proceso fue fundamental y las revistas literarias un importante testimonio de este antifascismo militante.
Prólogo
Authors: R. Cela Julia
Published: July 2022

La documentación en sus facetas de búsqueda, catalogación, recuperación y difusión de los documentos en cualquier soporte, nos ha ayudado a preservar la memoria histórica a lo largo de los siglos. Por ello hemos juzgado pertinente dedicar un monográfico de la revista: Documentación de las Ciencias de la Información a unir estos dos conceptos que van de la mano, documentación y memoria histórica, dejando así constancia de los hechos de mayor relieve de nuestra historia reciente, en el que la Guerra Civil española y sus consecuencias han sido protagonistas de este monográfico (aunque otros hitos históricos como el desastre de Annual o el exilio alemán durante el nazismo, también han sido reseñados). Y así se nos ha demostrado que la historia se puede investigar y difundir gracias a la conservación de las fuentes documentales en los Archivos de: Asociaciones, Fundaciones, bibliotecas, hemerotecas, filmotecas, fototecas, etc., que han servido para sacar a la luz los artículos que componen este monográfico.
¿Qué significa clasificar? Variaciones carcelarias, terapéuticas y culturales del pentecostalismo urbano
Authors: Algranti Joaquin
Published: July 2022

El artículo tiene como objetivo analizar el trabajo de clasificación que emprenden los agentes sociales que entran en contacto con diversas propuestas neo-pentecostales en la Ciudad y el área suburbana de Buenos Aires, Argentina. El estudio propone una sistematización de las acciones clasificatorias que surgen en tres campos de investigación realizados durante los últimos diez años (2011-2021). Ellos comprenden la exploración de los dispositivos terapéuticos religiosos en el tratamiento de adicciones, el análisis de los pabellones cristianos en las cárceles bonaerensenses y las prácticas de consumo cultural de productos evangélicos (libros, música, películas etc.). Entre los resultados se evidencia cómo las estrategias de “reclasificación”, “sobreclasificación” e “inclasificación” definen distintos modos de habitar las creencias a través de aproximaciones y distanciamientos permanentes. La investigación recupera una estrategia cualitativa de abordaje y producción de datos que incluye entrevistas en profundidad, observaciones participantes y análisis de documentos.
A Questionnaire based Cross-sectional Study to assess Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Pharmacovigilance and Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting among Postgraduate Medical students in a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital of South India
Authors: M S Pavithra , R Vijendra , Xaviar Suja
Published: July 2022

Background: Spontaneous reporting of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) is one of the most common methods to obtain safety data. Lack of awareness is a major reason for under reporting. Hence, this study was undertaken to evaluate the knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) of the postgraduates about pharmacovigilance and ADR reporting in Kempegowda Institute of Medical Sciences (KIMS), Bengaluru, a tertiary care teaching hospital. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey was conducted among postgraduate students in a tertiary care teaching hospital in South India to evaluate the participants’ knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) on ADRs and Pharmacovigilance. A pre-designed and validated question¬naire containing 14 questions was used to assess knowledge, attitude and practice. The filled KAP questionnaires were analyzed and their percentage value was calculated by using Microsoft Excel spreadsheet. Results: A total of 120 postgraduate students participated in the study. Around 81% of participants agreed that reporting of ADRs is a professional obligation and all ADRs should be reported. They did not have adequate knowledge regarding the purpose of monitoring ADRs and 22.5% of study participants were unclear as to where and how to report ADRs. Unfortunately, only 12.5% of participants actually reported ADRs due to lack of proper sensitization and knowledge of pharmacovigilance and ADR. Conclusion: This study revealed that the postgraduate students have a good attitude towards ADR reporting. However, they lack knowledge and the actual practice of ADR reporting is still lacking among them. There is a need to create awareness among the health care professionals about ADR reporting and pharmacovigilance. Educational interventions targeting the medical fraternity should be implemented to help improve spontaneous reporting and knowledge of pharmacovigilance and ADR.
The Role of Ipomoea batatas Leaves Extract as a Potent Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory in Rats Fed High-fat Diet
Authors: Waskito Budi Arief , Sargowo Djanggan , Kalsum Umi , Tjokroprawiro Askandar
Published: July 2022

Ipomoea batatas L purple variant is a natural source of bioactive compounds with strong antioxidant activity and has long been used in folk medicine. This study aimed to evaluate the active compounds, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities of Ipomoea batatas L purple variant leaf extract in rats fed a high-fat diet. The presence of active compounds in the Ipomoea batatas L purple variant was determined by liquid chromatography high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS). The rats were divided into five experimental groups of six animals in each group. Namely standard diet/normal group (SD), high-fat diet group (HFD), and HFD plus extracts (625; 1250; or 2500 mg/kg) groups for twelve weeks. The effect of leaf extract on antioxidant activity was analyzed using the DPPH assay, while oxidative stress and anti-inflammatory analysis were performed by immunohistochemistry. LC-HRMS analysis showed six active compounds were identified from Ipomoea batatas L. Besides, there is a reduction in oxidative stress through malondialdehyde (MDA) expression on the oral supplementation with Ipomoea batatas leaf purple variant extract doses of 1250 and 2500 mg/kg body weight. Meanwhile, all extract doses can significantly increase antioxidant activities such as nuclear factor-erythroid 2 related factor 2 (Nrf-2) expression, superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) expression, and decrease pro-inflammatory such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) expression in the aorta. Taken together, these findings provide a basis for the recommendation of compounds from the supplementation of an Ipomoea batatas L purple variant leaf extract can be an alternative herbal therapy to inhibit the harmful effects of a high-fat diet.
Ayurvedic management of Ekakushtha (Chronic Plaque Psoriasis) – A Case Report
Authors: M. Shaikh Almas , G. Dipankar Digambar , K. Yadav Priyanka , S. Sreelakshmi
Published: July 2022

Psoriasis is one of the common skin diseases encountered in world population which is characterized by sharply demarcated erythematous papules and plaques. Prevalence of psoriasis is 0.1 to 3 per cent worldwide. Psoriasis occurs equally in both genders, most commonly in second to fourth decade of life. In this paper, a case report of patient with (Ekakushtha) Chronic Plaque Psoriasis is discussed with successful Ayurvedic treatment. A 25-year-old female patient came with complaints of reddish lesions over arms, forearms, legs, thighs and trunk region; itching and burning sensation over lesion and scalp; scaling over scalp region since five years. The condition was diagnosed as Ekakushtha according to Ayurved and the treatment was planned accordingly. The patient was treated with Ayurvedic oral medications, local applications and Pathya (wholesome diet) regimen without any Panchakarma therapy. Ayurvedic management has given her better results within 45 days from commencement of treatment.
Design and Synthesis, In Silico Analysis of Condensed Pyrimidine derivatives as Potent Antimicrobial Agents
Authors: Khedkar S. A. , Patil J. S. , Sabale P. M.
Published: July 2022

A series of 24 condensed pyrimidine derivatives was synthesized via multistep reactions using microwave radiation and have opted to explore the possible inhibition mechanism via virtual analysis by using V life MDS. The synthesized compounds were characterized by spectroscopic analysis. All the synthesized compounds were found to show good in-silico binding analysis which indicated their potential to explore as good antimicrobial agents. All the synthesized derivatives were screened in-vitro for their antibacterial activity against two gram positive and gram negative bacteria. Among the compounds tested, SAKB2, SAKB7, SAKB8, SAKB9 SAKB10, SAKB11, SAKB12 and SAKB13derivatives exhibited potent antimicrobial activity.
Attenuation of Pro-inflammatory and Oxidative free radicals by Methanolic extract of Costus pictus in RAW 264.7 Macrophages
Authors: Suresh Varuna , Selvam Thendral , Reddy Amala
Published: July 2022

The effects of Methanolic extract of Costus pictus (CPME) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced vascular oxidative stress and inflammation in cultured RAW 264.7 macrophages were studied. Treatment of with varying concentration of CPME (1ng to 10µg/ml) did not alter the cell viability indicating that they were not cytotoxic even at the highest concentration tested. CPME showed dose dependent suppression on LPS-induced production of NO with a highest at 10µg/mL. ROS plays a vital role in the reduction of antioxidant potency and increases DNA loss and the underlying reason for many diseases such as cardiovascular, inflammatory, diabetic, neurological, and lipid peroxidation. ROS performs a substantial character in organ injury such as brain and uterus since the uplifted value of ROS is associated with a reduction in the overall antioxidant ability and a notable increase in DNA disruption. In this context, SOD, Peroxidase, GPX and GSH are vital elements of the antioxidant defense system were studied, whose inhibition of this mechanism ends in increased vulnerability to free radical cellular damage. DCF-DA staining substantiated the protective influence of CPME against LPS-induced ROS generation which was confirmed by elevated fluorescence signals in LPS stimulated control unlike the treatment groups. The protective effects were measured using cell viability, a MTT assay and the anti-oxidative activity was determined by measuring reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, oxidative products and endogenous antioxidant enzyme activities proves CPME to be a potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant principle containing extract.
Synthesis, Characterisation, Anti-Cancer Activity and Docking Studies of 4-(4-(dimethylamino) phenyl)-1,3,6-triphenylpiperidin-2-one
Authors: S Sumathi , Christopher Kanakam Charles , B. Thanuja
Published: July 2022

The newly synthesised ligand 4-(4-(dimethylamino)phenyl)-1,3,6-triphenylpiperidin-2-one [DMP] with phenyl united piperidine moieties within the main cyclic chain was synthesized through the Michael addition reaction and qualitative analysis was characterised by FT-IR, NMR (13C, 1H). The present work deals with the computational analysis of a synthetic compound as a ligand with anticancer activity. The molecule is analysed for its druggable property and biological significance using several softwares. The molecule was docked with the receptor protein bearing the PDB ID 1UNG. The results of the anti-cancer of synthesised ligand DMP are correlated with the docking calculations performed on protein Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 using ligand fit protocol available through Acclerys Discovery studio 2.1
When Mental Health Social Work Encounters Positive and Transcultural Psychotherapy: Cases of Social Work Service for Patients with Bipolar Disorders
Authors: Zhang Yanan
Published: July 2022

This article shows the application of positive and transcultural psychotherapy as a theoretical guide to intervene in the social work case service case of a bipolar disorder rehabilitation patient with a 15-year medical history. Our service and our confusion before the application of positive and transcultural psychotherapy, and the surprises and results after its application are presented. The paper shows the real conflict in the four areas in the life of the client and his conflict response model, based on the analysis of the services provided by combining social work methods and positive and transcultural psychotherapy, and the results and the change in our service obtained by the client.
MONOCYTE AND NEUTROPHIL ACTIVITY IN RESPIRATORY INFECTIOUS DISEASES IN ELDERLY
Authors: ЛУШОВА А.В. , КАН С.А. , АБДОЛЛА Н. , ТЛЕУЛИЕВА Р.Т. , КАЛИ А. , ПЕРФИЛЬЕВ Ю.В. , ОСТАПЧУК Е.О.
Published: July 2022

Увеличение доли пожилых людей в общей численности населения отмечается практически во всем мире. С возрастом увеличивается частота инфекционных и онкологических заболеваний, а также снижается эффективность вакцинации. Считается, что это вызвано нарушениями в работе иммунной системы, называемых иммуностарением, и связано со снижением активности адаптивного иммунного ответа и развитием системного хронического воспаления как инфекционной, так и неинфекционной природы, возрастным воспалением, которое прежде всего связывают с нарушением механизмов клеточного клиренса необходимых для разрешения воспаления после инфильтрации патогена или повреждения ткани, и, как следствие, хронической активации врожденного иммунного ответа. При этом, именно возрастные дисфункции моноцитов и нейтрофилов, которые выражаются в повышении уровня противоспалительных медиаторов и нарушении фагоцитоза, играют одну из основных ролей в возрастном воспалении – инфламэйджинге (inflammaging).Целью данного обзора является обобщение имеющихся данных об изменениях фенотипа и функциональной активности моноцитов и нейтрофилов при старении и обсуждение их роли в развитии инфекционных заболеваний у пожилых людей.

The elderly increasing proportion in the general population is observed in almost all over the world. Aging is associated with an increased incidence of infectious diseases and cancers, as well as a decreased effectiveness of vaccinations. It is considered that increased morbidity observed with age is caused by immune system disfunction, called immunosenescence, and is associated with a decreased activity of adaptive immune response. However, not all aspects of immunity decline with age; aging is also associated with systemic chronic inflammation of both infectious and non-infectious nature, called "inflammaging," which is primarily associated with impaired cellular clearance mechanisms, which are necessary to resolve inflammation after pathogen infiltration or tissue damage, and, consequently, with chronic activation of the innate immune response. At the same time age-related dysfunction of monocytes and neutrophils manifested by increased levels of proinflammatory mediators and impaired phagocytosis plays one of the major role in the inflammatory response.The purpose of this review is to summarize available data of phenotype and functional activity of monocytes and neutrophils changes during aging and discuss their role in the development of infectious diseases in elderly people.