bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Expanding dual-task research by a triple-task
Authors: Stefani Maximilian , Sauter Marian , Eichert Franziska , Mack Wolfgang
Published: July 2020

Multitasking research in the laboratory is dominated by extremely simplistic dual-task paradigms. Although dual-tasks allow for some variations, they do not compare well to more complex everyday task settings. This study expands a classical dual-task paradigm by adding a third task. The dual-tasks and the triple-task always consisted of the same three single tasks. The aim was to investigate the effects of the combinations of the three single-tasks and in which manner response times and costs increased. Stimulus-response pairings were varied either once within participants (E1) or between participants (E2). Our results showed that the increase in response time from dual-tasks to triple-tasks was only 43% of the increase from single-tasks to dual-tasks suggesting a non-linear cost of adding tasks. Moreover, response times in each subtask were higher in triple-task situations compared to single-task or dual-task situations. This is in contrast to classical dual-tasks, in which typically only one of the two responses is delayed. Cognitively, for costs in triple-tasks, unlike in dual-tasks, task coordination seems to play a larger role compared to the classically suggested relationships between stimulus and response in terms of their modality- and ideomotor-compatibility which we will discuss. Overall, the study demonstrates that current multitasking research is limited in its generalizability by focusing only on dual-tasks and would benefit from research with more complex task settings.
Beyond Diagnoses and Total Symptom Scores: Diversifying the Level of Analysis in Psychoneuroimmunology Research
Authors: Moriarity Daniel , Alloy Lauren B
Published: July 2020

A short commentary accepted for publication in Brain, Behavior, and Immunity on the benefits of diversifying the level of psychopathology analyzed in psychoneuroimmunology research.
Impression formation in the human infant brain
Authors: Krol Kathleen Marie , Grossmann Tobias
Published: July 2020

Forming an impression of another person is an essential aspect of human social cognition linked to medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) function in adults. The current study examined the neurodevelopmental origins of impression formation by testing the hypothesis that infants rely on processes localized in mPFC when forming impressions about individuals who appear friendly or threatening. Infants’ brain responses were measured using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) while watching four different face identities displaying either smiles or frowns directed toward or away from them (N = 77). This was followed by a looking preference test for these face identities (now displaying a neutral expression) using eyetracking. Our results show that infants’ mPFC responses distinguish between smiling and frowning faces when directed at them and that these responses predicted their subsequent person preferences. This suggests that the mPFC is involved in impression formation in human infants, attesting to the early ontogenetic emergence of brain systems supporting person perception and adaptive behavior.
Challenging COVID-19 times for older psychiatric patients: potential implications and solutions
Authors: Tijdink Joeri K. , Luykx Jurjen J , van Veen Sisco , Vinkers Christiaan , Veltman Eveline
Published: July 2020

The spreading of the COVID-19 virus has a devastating impact on patients with psychiatric illnesses. Here, we highlight the potential consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic for psychiatric patients of old age, based on several patients that we have treated in the past months (2020). We not only elaborate on the challenging conditions of old age psychiatric patients but also provide potential solutions to optimize patient care for this vulnerable group.
International Migration Experience and Entrepreneurship: Evidence from Mexico
Authors: Wassink Joshua Thomas
Published: July 2020

This study investigates the effect of international migration experience on entrepreneurship in sending areas. To identify prosperous businesses that create jobs and encourage economic development, this study isolates businesses other than street-vending enterprises with non-family employees. Retrospective life history data from the Mexican Migration Project (N = 11,789 persons & 146,372 person-years) was used to estimate the annual probability of becoming an entrepreneur across 170 Mexican communities between 1975-2017. This study found that (1) any prior migration experience increases the probability of entrepreneurial entry relative to non-migrants; (2) accumulated months of migration experience are positively associated with the probability of entrepreneurial entry; (3) undocumented status is associated with a lower probability of entrepreneurial entry. The positive effect of accumulated migration experience on entrepreneurship suggests that international migrants can accumulate human and financial resources that are essential to early stage entrepreneurship. Thus, entrepreneurship represents an important pathway through which international migration can encourage economic development in less developed regions. At the same time, the results suggest that immigration policies in receiving countries can undercut migrants’ capacities to mobilize resources and contribute to economic development upon return. These findings suggest that target migration creates a win-win by addressing labor shortages in receiving countries, while transferring resources to sending areas that enable economic mobility and development.
AI and data-driven Christian Theology
Authors: Geoffrey Ben
Published: July 2020

An NLP based AI tool was developed for topic mining Christian writings of major figures from different Christian eras and movements. The text corpus chosen for text mining includes : the volumes of Augustine and John Chrysostom from the patristic period, the writings of Thomas Aquinas from the Scholastic period, the writings of John Calvin the reformer and the text corpus of sermons by George Whitefield and John Wesley that mark the beginning of the modern Christian evangelical movement and evangelicalism. The topics text mined and topics summarized include : Gospel, Salvation, Jesus Christ, Sin, Temptation, Tribulation, Pride, Lust, Envy, Joy, Hope, Charity, Marriage, Church, Heaven, Hell. They are downloadable from the link - https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1tG2Y36MF1ApvYnhPM_njtNvKYiv7_8RL?usp=sharing and this is expected to help Christian content developers. The link to the code of the NLP tool hosted in the GitHub repository is provided to aid further development - https://github.com/bengeof/AI-driven-Theology-Open-Development . These tools must not be viewed as threatening the role of the human in humanities research broadly and specifically in Christian theology but as empowering the human with additional powers of AI for research in the humanities in the age of Big Data.
Catholics and Capital Punishment: Do Pope Francis's Teachings Matter in Policy Preferences?
Authors: Cullen Francis T. , Graham Amanda , Hannan Kellie , Burton Alexander L. , Butler Leah C. , Burton Velmer S.
Published: July 2020

In the United States, Catholics make up more than 50 million members of the adult population, or about 1 in 5 Americans. It is unclear whether their religious affiliation shapes Catholics' views on public policy issues, ranging from the legality of abortion to criminal justice practices. Capital punishment is especially salient, given that Pope Francis announced in 2018—as official Catholic Church doctrine—that the death penalty is “inadmissible” under all circumstances. Based on two national surveys, the current project explores Catholics' support for state executions before (2017) and after (2019) the Pope's momentous change in the church's Catechism. At present, little evidence exists that Pope Francis's doctrinal reform has impacted Catholics, a majority of whom—like Americans generally—continue to favor the death penalty for murders. Data from our 2020 MTurk survey shows that only 12.7% of Catholic respondents could correctly identify the Church's position on capital punishment. Despite these results, Pope Francis's teachings provide Catholic leaders and activists with a compelling rationale for opposing the death penalty and holding Catholic public officials accountable for espousing offenders' execution. Further, for the next generation of Catholics, instruction in the impermissibility of capital punishment, as part of the Church's consistent ethic of life, will be integral to their religious training.
Ser du mig? En kvalitativ innehållsanalys av inlägg från Instagram vilka belyser kvinnan med erfarenhet av prostitution och hennes upplevelse av bemötandet i vården
Authors: Bergman Lotta
Published: July 2020

Abstract Background: Prostitution is a social problem that occurs in all parts of the world. Many women with experience of prostitution turn to health care for some kind of help. Healthcare professionals are important in identifying the woman with experience of prostitution and her needs. As a result, the care staff's attendance is often crucial for further care and assistance. Good interaction is required in the interaction between healthcare professionals and the woman with experience of prostitution Aim: To elucidate how women with experience of prostitution experience the treatment in health care Method: With a qualitative study design, data from selected posts from open accounts on Instagram has been analyzed with qualitative content analysis. Result: The data analysis resulted in four themes: rejected, stigma, anger and good behavior. The results showed that the women's perception of a professional approach varied. Most of the posts described negative experiences of attending to the care staff, although there were also posts by women who experienced a good response. Some women felt that they had received the wrong type of care, which may have led to further trauma. Conclusion: The survey showed that women with experience of prostitution experience poor treatment from healthcare professionals. The women who are in prostitution have a great desire to write and tell about their experiences when it comes to the treatment of the care staff. There are major gaps in knowledge among healthcare professionals regarding the phenomenon of prostitution and how treatment of women who are in prostitution should take place. It would be of interest to further study the knowledge that healthcare personnel need to best respond to women with experience of prostitution
Artistic Freedom against Moral Responsibilities: An Appraisal of Aesthetics against Ethics
Authors: Bhattarai Gaurav
Published: July 2020

How the hate speech should be separated from the free speech and why the blasphemous laws should be banned to shield free thought and freedom of expression from any danger or damage? This article examines the argument that whether blasphemous art should be publicly displayed, and if yes, in what manner artist are free and to what extent they should be responsible while exercising their artistic freedom. The write-up argues against those who say blasphemy is an offence, an attack on religion and sacred, to aver that blasphemy shouldn’t be understood merely on the moral and ethical lines, but through the contextual and philosophical understandings of the issue. Particularly, this write-up criticizes the blasphemy laws, including fatwas and death threats issued against two writers--Salman Rushdie and Taslima Nasrin. Finally, this paper discusses how the notion of blasphemy itself is the product of misunderstanding and misreading the free speech as the hate speech. The article concludes that the line between aesthetics and ethics, between art and religion, should be drawn only by the rationalistic judgment of the contextual issues and for that artist’s intention should be realized at first, before colligating it with the religious matters, ethical issues and falsely apprehending freedom of thought as a sacrilege and profanation.
(Re) Locating Subalterns: A Case Study of Nepalese Ethnic Communities
Authors: Khanal Babu Ram
Published: July 2020

The locating process of subalterns is vague and an ever-challenging task that this article attempts to study. This research contends that the determining parameters of subalterns and of privileged class change with a change in space, time and financial status of an individual. So, our perspective of defining subaltern is very superficial, unjust, full with prejudice and impractical that needs to be redefined and reinterpreted. The caste system which has become only a determinants of locating subalterns, can never be a sole determining factor of subaltern. Instead, it is the financial status that should matter while defining the privileged and subalterns. Thus, this paper aims to relocate subalterns in Nepalese ethnic context.
Challenges of Geography in Nepal
Authors: Awasthi Tara Prasad
Published: July 2020

Geography is the science of place and space. It focuses on mechanism of people, place and environment in general and people and their activities in particular. This paper attempts to analyze challenges of geography education in Nepal. For this, data were collected from both the primary and secondary sources through interviews, group discussion and field observation covering five schools and campuses offering geography. Knowledge of geography is necessary for each and every citizen for the national development. It requires effective geography education at various levels that introduces national territory, topography, soil, water, climate, vegetation, people, settlement, planning and resources. However, the geography education has been taught as an optional subject and it is competing with the other subjects like computer science, optional math, and economics in secondary and higher secondary levels in Nepal. As a result, there is no room for choosing geography as an optional subject to majority of students. They forced to select their least favored subject which was decided by school. Nowadays, the number of schools and students have been decreasing in geography subject at both school and university level.
Socio-Economic Consequences of Agricultural Land Use Change in Tarai of Nawalparasi District
Authors: Dhakal Bhola Nath
Published: July 2020

Changes in agricultural land use have a profound impact on the personal, family and social lives of people living in rural as well as semi-urban communities. The main objective of this paper is to explore socio-economic consequences of agricultural land use change during 2005/06 to 2015/16 in Nawalparasi District. This paper is based on collected primary data through household questionnaire survey, Focus Group Discussion (FGD), Key Informant Interview (KII) and field observation methods. Secondary sources of data through published and unpublished government documents, topographic and cadastral maps, and satellite images have been used in this study. Loss of cropping land and decreasing productivity, land fragmentation and increasing cost of inputs, changes in food security, increasing the land value, housing and rental cost, change in occupation, sources of income and expenditure and implementation of intensification and diversification strategies are the major consequences found in the study sites.
Fertility Behaviour among the Bote Women of Chitwan District, Nepal
Authors: Dhakal Keshav Raj
Published: July 2020

This paper highlights on fertility behavior of Bote women by calculating the mean children ever born (CEB) focusing the case of Chitawan district. Fertility behavior helps to know about the factors that influence on child birth and indirectly to control population growth. Relevant data were obtained from both primary and secondary sources. Primary data were collected through interview and field observation. For this, a total of 48 newly married women of Bote community between the age of 15 and 49 years were purposefully selected and interviewed. The study showed that the average number of children ever born in the study area is found 2.64. In recent years, mean CEB has been increasing in this community with the increase in age of marriage and education. The CEB also varies by types of occupation. Women involved in diversified occupations have lower fertility rate as compared to women involved in non-diversified traditional occupations. Nowadays, with the increase in level of education, number of women using contraceptive has been increasing. However, still a large section of fertile aged women do not use such birth controlling measures. Awareness programs/campaigns for increasing education and use of contraceptives and income generating activities further help to improve the situation.
Linguistic Geography of Nepalese Languages
Authors: Khanal Rajendra
Published: July 2020

The main aim of this paper is to present the linguistic geography of Nepalese languages with a brief introduction to linguistic geography using secondary sources of data. The study is focused to identify and analyze the diversity within a language. Different tables are prepared to determine a common ground in geographical bases to study language in geographical, social, cultural and historical relativity. A wide range of diversities found in major languages that spoken in Nepal i.e. Newar, Magar, Rai, Tharu and Nepali. The findings indicate that linguistic variables are formed out of the geographical diversity. All languages of Nepal have their own geography and cultural background.
Landslide Hazard Mapping: GIS Based Susceptibility Assessment of Leoutikhola Watershed, Dhankuta, Nepal
Authors: Linkha Tika Ram , Rai Dil Kumar , Lama Furbe
Published: July 2020

This article examines the landslide hazard mapping in Leoutikhola watershed of Dhankuta district, eastern hills of Nepal. The hills are regarded as one of the most vulnerable areas in the world. The area is prone to different types of natural hazards such as landslide, debris flow, gully erosion, mass wasting, and flooding. Various studies pointed out biophysical and socioeconomic factors are more responsible to landslide hazards in the hill-slope environment. This paper argues that the rainfall intensity, unscientific methods of cultivation and lack of environment friendly developmental activities in steep slope are some of the major driving factors to landslide in the Leoutikhola watershed area. Leoutikhola watershed area has been suffering from different types of natural hazards such as landslide, debris flow, gully erosion, mass wasting and flooding. Field verification and satellite imageries are the major sources for the information to analyze. Due to its fragile and very weak geological condition, geomorphic hazard is considered more common than other types of hazards which lose massive lives and property in the study area. The field observation and local people perception indicate a large amount of budget required to mitigate natural hazards in this area especially for landslide. In this context, this paper attempts to portray the landslide hazard zonation and susceptibility mapping correlated with various factors. For this purpose, bivariate statistical index and Geographic Information System (GIS) and Remote Sensing (RS) tools are used to calculate weighted values. The overall parameters indicate that in the series (-4.2 to 4.58) of five different hazard zones like very low, low, moderate, high and very high. The paper concludes that hazard determination calculated values indicate to 4.2 to -2.09, -2.09 to -1.0, -1.0 to-0.05, -0.05 to 1.24 and 1.24 to 4.58 respectively in the range of quartile series.
Present Status and Utilization of the Mineral Resources in Nepal
Authors: Paudel Devi Prasad
Published: July 2020

This paper explores the present status and utilization trends of the mineral resources in Nepal. It is mainly due to mineral resources are playing vital role in the development of economy, industry and gross domestic products (GDP). However, the mineral resources are unevenly distributed across the geographical regions. In addition, some minerals are deposited in a particular place on a small scale. As a result, Nepal has not been able to mobilize mineral resources due to lack of detailed study. It requires rigorous study to identify the amount and quantity of mineral deposits in a particular area that can be dug out for commercial purpose. The data were mainly generated from a review of various materials and concludes that the government should give high priority to explore, excavate the mineral resources. It requires clear policy efforts and provisions regarding roles and responsibilities towards the proper mobilization of mineral resources through both private and public sectors. The commercial extraction of mineral resources helps to import substitution, industrial development, jobs creation and revenue collection.
Academic Discourse on the Dualism between Regional Geography and Systematic Geography
Authors: Sapkota Kanhaiya
Published: July 2020

This review based article entails that in the history of geography, one of the most exciting philosophical and methodological debates is the dualism between regional and systematic geography. This problem of “universality” and “exceptionality” has caused the biggest methodological debate in the history of geography. It reflects in the dualism of systematic geography and regional geography. Systematic geographers emphasize the pursuit of general principles in geography, while regional schools argue that areas of unique research are at the heart of geography. An analysis of the historical roots and evolution of the controversy shows that although the representatives of the two schools, Hartshorne and Schaefer, at least formally oppose the emphasis on only one of the systems and regions and neglect the other. Their differences in interest, values-induced preferences, and geography of history make them be ultimately different in their regional geography and systematic geography. The “Schaefer-Hartshorne Debate” in the 1980s was the only aftermath of this dualism. Since then, the rise of the pluralism methodology has made this dualism debate gradually fade out of people’s horizons, but postmodern geography focuses on “critical regional research”, which is still essentially a variant of this debate in the new era. The lack of such controversy in our geography community may be due to the academic orientation of “pragmatism”. The academic environment, the academic evaluation system, and the theoretical construction of compromise. This is not conducive to Nepal's geography. It is independent of the world of science.
Socioeconomic Impacts of Biogas in Suklagandaki Municipality of Tanahun District
Authors: Sigdel Tej Prasad
Published: July 2020

This paper examines socioeconomic impacts of biogas in the western hills of Nepal in general and the Suklagandaki Municipality of Tanahun district in particular. Biogas is considered as a sustainable renewable energy. It has positive environmental impacts on local, national and global levels. It is one of the most reliable alternative energy resources replacing fuel wood for cooking especially in rural areas of Nepal. On the basis of 40 biogas users sampled households, this paper revealed that more than 70 percent households reported that after the installation of biogas plant, there were some positive changes in their socioeconomic conditions. For example, the use of biogas energy has saved about 70 percent of the household fuel consumption especially for firewood and kerosene. About 60 percent households have reported that use of biogas as an energy sources has also saved them working loads and time and waste of biogas increased 65 percent of the total agricultural production. The use of biogas energy has also improved in their health through smoke prone diseases such as burning eyes, headache, coughing and throat ache. Biogas plant has also improved in household sanitary condition and practices, it has also reduced firewood consumption. This paper also indicates the negative impacts of biogas plant installation such as increase the number of mosquito population and losses of warmth in the house especially in winter season. The overall findings show that biogas has certainly beneficial for the socioeconomic changes in the rural areas of the study area.
Razdvajanje roditelja i otuđenje
Authors: Roje Đapić Mia , Buljan Flander Gordana , Galić Romana
Published: July 2020

Stručnjaci i znanstvenici u Hrvatskoj, kao i u drugim zemljama svijeta, nemaju jasan konsenzus u vezi s terminologijom za razdvajanje roditelja i otuđenje, bez obzira na izrazito visok broj djece u toj vrlo ranjivoj populaciji. Cilj je ovoga rada ponuditi prijedloge prijevoda i operacionalizacije ključnih pojmova s obzirom na znanstvenu literaturu i uvriježenu praksu, stavljajući položaj djeteta u fokus. Obrađeni ključni pojmovi su: razvod/razdvajanje, visokokonfliktni razvod / razdvajanje, otuđivanje, otuđenje, otuđujući roditelj, otuđivani roditelj, otuđeni roditelj, ovrha, komparativ privrženosti i splitting. Ovaj rad predstavlja prvi prijedlog razjašnjavanja i operacionalizacije ključnih koncepata u jezičnom, ali prije svega u psihološkom smislu.
The Effect of Turmeric Extract (Curcuma zedoria) on Antioxidant Enzymes Activity
Authors: Adhiyanto Chris , Briliantina Lucky , Nasir Narila Mutia , Hendarto Hari , Sari Flori R , Sembodro Kenyo , Marfani Sisy , Maulidia Salma
Published: July 2020

Background: Indonesia is a country that has diversity of spices and types of cuisine. In the early 70s, the use of MSG (monosodium glutamate) as a flavor enhancer began to be popular in Indonesia. It replaces natural flavor such as sugar, salt or spices because its affordable price compared to natural flavor. MSG as food additive is added to foods that exceed limits and may cause a negative effect to the body. One of the effects is the increasing of free radicals that can lead to various degenerative diseases such as blood vessel disorders and others. White turmeric is a common spice that widely used by Indonesian. Several studies have reported the benefits of white turmeric as an antifungal, antimicrobial and so on. The objective of this research is to find the effects of white turmeric extract in improving endogenous antioxidants to suppress the free radical effects because of the excessive use of MSG.Materials and Method: We measured the activity of SOD, catalase and GSHreductase as endogenous antioxidants in mice treated with MSG and white turmeric. The subjects of this study used 24 Sprague Dawley male rats aged 2-6 months; weight 100-150 grams, which were randomly divided into 6 groups. The control group did not receive any treatment. The MSG group was given MSG (4800mg / kg/ day). Groups 3 and 4 were given MSG and white turmeric extract, respectively (100 mg / kg / day and 200 mg / kg / day). Groups 5 and 6 were given MSG and vitamin C respectively (250 mg / kg / day and 500 mg / kg/ day) after 14 days of treatment; the activity of enzyme measured by Abcam Enzyme Kit and detected by Spectrophotometer Thermo Scientific Multi-scan Go.Result: The administration of white turmeric extracts will increase SOD and Catalase activity, and reduce GSH-reductase activity.Conclusion: White turmeric extract will help the work of endogenous antioxidant enzymes in counteracting free radicals produced from MSG metabolism.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Vol. 05 No. 01 January’21 Page: 31-34
Analysis of TGF-β1 and p53 Expression in The Blood of Stroke Patient
Authors: Wulandari Endah , Hapsari Rr Ayu Fitri , Birowo Hendro
Published: July 2020

Introduction: Stroke is a dysfunction of brain tissue due to deficiency of blood circulation to the brain. This causes disruption of blood supply and oxygen in the brain. Stroke not only needs to be handled in post-event, but also needs to be understood the cause of the occurrence by molecular, so that the drug will be right on target. Inflammation is associated as a secondary injury mechanism in the case of stroke. Dendritic cells which secreted TGF-β, it functions to regulate proliferation, differentiation and activate other cytokines in cell growth. It is strongly suspected that Transforming Growth Factor-β1 (TGF-ß1) is a determinant of cytokines in nerve tissue recovery. Neural cell malfunction or nerve cell death is thought to be the role of p53 protein.Methods: The design of this research is observation. This research measures TGF and p53 expression in the stages of mRNA (RT-PCR) and protein (ELISA) in the blood of stroke patients.Results: The expression of TGF- β1 and p53 mRNA in the blood of stroke patients is higher (50 and 45 times; Unpaired p <0.01) than normal. TGF- β and p53 protein levels in the blood of stroke patients are higher than normal (20,607 vs 1,895 pg/mLx10; 44,418 vs 11.63 pg/ mL; Unpaired 0 <0.01). The correlation of both TGF- β1 and p53 shows a strong positive.Discussion: The expression of increased TGF- β1 and p53 In the blood of stroke patients.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Vol. 05 No. 01 January’21 Page: 35-40
The Effect of Jatropha Curcas L Seed Extract in Oxidatve Stress and Central Vein of Liver Tissue
Authors: Nurbaeti Putri , Hapsari Rr Ayu Fitri , Wulandari Endah
Published: July 2020

Introduction:Jatropha curcas L is a tropical plant, besides containing antioxidants it also contains toxic compounds. This plant is believed to be anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antibacterial and antifertilization. It is suspected that this plant can damage tissues through oxidative stress. The liver as an organ of central metabolism and detoxification. This plant is not yet known its effect on the liver when consumed, especially on hepatocyte cells and blood flow to the central veins of the liver.Method: Mice were given a dose of jatropha seed extract (0, 5, 25, 50, 250 mg/KgBW) for 28 days. Liver homogenates were measured for MDA levels, GSH activity and their correlation using a spectrophotometry. besides measuring the diameter of the central vein of the liver. Results: MDA levels after being given Jatropha seed extract: control (0); 5; 25; 50; 250 mg/KgBW were 0.818; 1,363; 2,043; 2,720; 2,518 nmol / ml and GSH activity was 0.979; 0675; 0.621; 0.463; 0.544 μg / ml. Vein diameter 169; 140; 24; 36; 30 μm and the smallest at a dose of 25 mg / BW was 23.7 μm (ANOVA, p <0.05). The correlation of MDA and GSH levels was very strong negative (Pearson: -0918; p <0.01). Discussion:The higher dose of jatropha seed extract, significantly increases MDA levels and decreases GSH activity. The correlation between the two is very strong negative negative correlation is very significant. Jatropha seed extract with high doses causes small central vein diameters of the liver.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Vol. 05 No. 01 January’21 Page: 41-46
Forecasting Of Content Ca 125 Endometriosis Using Logistic Regression Model
Authors: Atmadja Sardjana , Gumilar Gulam
Published: July 2020

Objective : This study is to prove that there is a significant relationship between the absence of students participating in activities at school / on campus and the symptoms of primary dysmenorrhoea experienced during menstruation. Endometriosis is characterized as pain under the abdomen during menstruation. In addition, this study is also to obtain a profile of students and factors that influence primary dysmenorrhoea. A logistic regression model has been used to assess the main factors of dysmenorrhoea among these students.Methods : The study was conducted at the RSK Permata Hati Malang. A total of 123 students were randomly selected in this study. The factors observed were menarche, menstruation, menstruation period and blood loss volume and CA 125 level. From the logistic regression model, it was found that there were three factors that influence the occurrence of dysmenorrhoea among students, namely menarche, menstruation period and menstrual blood volume.Results: The Hosmer and Lemeshow test showed that the measurement model of CA 125 levels in endometriosis was appropriate (Chi squar test value was 2.847 with p-value = 0.416). Instead of Press. (3) and Eq. (4), it was found that the contributors to dismenortea were menstrual length, menstrual discharge and the beginning of menarche. By looking at the odds ratio it is found that the risk of students experiencing dysmenorrhoea is (i) 2.5 times higher for those with longer menstrual periods (ii) 3.7 times higher for those who have menstrual expenditure which is a little and (iii) three times higher for those who have mined it for more than 13 years.Conclusion: Significant CA 125 levels were obtained for students and students suffering from dysmenorrhoea. The study also found that the risk of getting dysmenorrhoea increased if students and students had menstrual periods longer than 35 days, menstrual expenditure levels were small and menarche was more than 13 years old.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Vol. 05 No. 01 January’21 Page: 47-49
Progress Testing and Module Final Scoring as part of Curriculum Evaluation in Faculty of Medicine Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University Jakarta, Indonesia
Authors: Fadhilah Marita , Sari Nurmila , Dwiyanti Sophie , Suwarsono Erike A , Ekayanti Fika
Published: July 2020

Introduction: Progress testing (PT) reflects students’ knowledge development and is a valuable indicator for curriculum evaluation. Since 2009, Faculty of Medicine Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University Jakarta (FMSH) has been conducting PT every year as a formative assessment. In 2012, curriculum reform was addressed to revise the 2005 curriculum; until then PT and curriculum evaluation were not conducted concurrently. This study aims to evaluate PT and assess whether there is a relationship between PT performance and final scores in modules, as part of curriculum evaluation.Method: It reviews PT for two cohorts: 571 students in 2015 and 562 students in 2016. 120 systembased topics were addressed in the PT. In this study the final scores for the old (2015) and new (2016) curriculum neuropsychiatry modules are reviewed, since their scores were lower than for other modules. Comparisons were made using ANOVA. Pearson correlations were calculated to examine the relationship between PT and final module scores.Results: This study revealed that PT scores between each grade (p < 0.001) from 2015 to 2016 improved significantly (54.49 ± 7.43 and 55.07 ± 8.32; p < 0.001). The mean of the final score of the new neuropsychiatry module was 69.36 ± 3.78 while the old one was 70.92 ± 3.99. Furthermore, Pearson correlation showed a weak correlation between final scores for the neuropsychiatry module and PT scores in 2015 (ρ = 0.191, p = 0.011).Discussion: PT scores increased significantly. Despite the final score of the new neuropsychiatry module being lower than the old one, there was heterogeneity in scores within the old neuropsychiatry module. The small number of neuropsychiatry items in the PT explains why the correlation between PT and final scores was weak. The weak correlation between final scores for the neuropsychiatry module and the PT scores in 2015; PT and final module scores seem reliable as indicators of curriculum evaluation. Further study is needed to analyze more cohort PT scores and modules.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Vol. 05 No. 01 January’21 Page: 62-68
In-Hospital Outcomes of Acute Inferior Myocardial Infarction Associated with Complete Heart Block: A Coronary Care Unit Experience
Authors: Kabir Ahmed Imran , Alam Mohammad Ashraful , Rahman Mohammed Mirazur , Musa Manzurul Ibrahim
Published: July 2020

Background: Complete heart block (CHB) is a common complication in patients of acute inferior myocardial infarction (MI). Their in-hospital outcomes depend on the time of onset of the sequelae,pattern of newer area of infarction and concomitant complications.Objective: To see in-hospital outcomes of the patients with acute inferior myocardial infarction complicated by complete heart block.Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted in the Coronary Care Unit (CCU) under Department of Cardiology, Sher-E-Bangla Medical College Hospital, Barisal, Bangladesh, between November 2014 and May 2015.A total of 100 patients (77 males and 23 females) were selected based on specific inclusion and exclusion criteria by using convenient sampling technique. All studyparticipants were evaluated by detailed history, clinical examination and relevant investigations.Response to different treatment modalities and their complications were recorded. Recovery of CHB was also monitored.Results: Mean age of the patients was 57.16±10.24 years.Early presentation (within 24 hours) of CHB had only 4.17% mortality. However, mortality increased in patients as CHB developed after 24 hours (26%). Overall, 10% mortality was evident despite advanced cardiac support.Complications reported in optimum medical treatment included hypotension (17 patients), bleeding (1 patient) and arrythmia (1 patient). 11% of the patients received temporary pacemaker by femoral vein approach.However, only 1 patient had hematoma, 1 had A-V fistula and 1developed vesovagal shock during puncture of the femoral vein. Duration of hospital stay was more forthe patients who were refractory to conservative medical treatment and received temporary pacemaker; however, the difference was not statistically significant (5.06±0.71vs.8.07±1.01; P>0.05).Conclusion:Complete heart block associated with acute inferior MI is very much responsive to optimum medical treatment and an early presentation of complete heart blockallows an early intervention, better prognosis and recovery.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Vol. 05 No. 01 January’21 Page: 69-73
Correlation Between Spot Urine Sodium, 24 Hour Urinary Sodium and Food Frequency Questionnairein Estimation of Salt Intake in Healthy Individuals
Authors: Kamiliah Jaafar Maryam , Nani Nordin , Rashid Abdul Rahman Abdul
Published: July 2020

Background:Salt intake is a known contributor to increased blood pressure. However, it is rarely monitored in clinical practice. 24-hr urinary sodium (24-HrNa) is the gold standard method to estimate salt intake but this method is rather burdensome.Objective: The objective of this study is to correlate between spot urine sodium (SUNa), 24-HrNa and Na intake estimation by food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) (FFQNa).Methods : 430 healthy participants aged between 20-40 years old were recruited. Second morning voided urine samples were obtained from all participants to estimate SUNa. 24-HrNa samples were obtained from 77 out of 430 participants. All participants were required to answer a validated FFQ. Urine samples were analysed for Na using indirect ion-selective electrode (ISE) method. Daily sodium intake was calculated from the FFQ.Results:The mean daily sodium intake from 24-hrNa (n=77) was 155 mmol/day, SUNa (n=430) was 158 mmol/L and FFQNa (n=430) was 271 mmol/day. There was a moderate correlation between SUNa and 24-hrNa (ρ = 0.62, P < 0.000). No correlation was seen between both 24-hrNa and SUNa with FFQNa (ρ = 0.035, P = 0.768 and ρ = 0.026, P = 0.597 respectively).Conclusion: Spot urine Na is a simple cost-effective method to estimate daily Na intake and has the potential to replace 24-hour urinary Na.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Vol. 05 No. 01 January’21 Page: 74-80
The relationship between income and nutritional status with the incidence of hypertension in elderly
Authors: Sariyanti Emi Nur , Hanim Diffah , Anantanyu Sapja
Published: July 2020

Background:Blood pressure is a disease that is often found in the elderly. Many studies show that socioeconomic status is closely related to the incidence of hypertension especially in the elderly. In addition, since hypertension is generally associated with being overweight and obese, nutritional status can also be a factor for experiencing hypertension in the elderly.Objective:To analyze the relationship between income and nutritional status with the incidence of hypertension in the elderly.Method: This study used a cross-sectional study design involving 133 elderly respondents in the area of the Klaten Community Health Center. Income data were obtained using the respondents’ basic characteristic questionnaire. Nutritional status was obtained based on anthropometric measurements of body weight and height which were calculated using the Body Mass Index (BMI). While blood pressure data were obtained from Sphygmomanometer measurements. The data obtained were analyzed using the Spearman test with a p-value <0.05. This study was approved by Ethics Commission UniversitasSebelasMaret.Results: The results of this study indicate there is a relationship between income and the incidence of hypertension in the elderly (p=0.046) while the nutritional status has no relationship with the incidence of hypertension (p=0.640).Conclusion: High income has a low risk of the elderly experiencing hypertension, while nutritional status good or not they do not have a risk of hypertension.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Vol. 05 No. 01 January’21 Page: 81-84
Triglycerides and Glucose Index as Potential Marker of Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Tabassum Mariya , Mozaffor Miliva , Rahman Md Matiur , Huda Reaz Mahmud
Published: July 2020

Background:Triglycerides and Glucose Index (TyG index), a product from fasting levels of triglycerides and glucose, presented promising results as apotential marker of metabolic syndrome in different ethnicity. However, no such reports are available in our population to date.Objective: To see the effectiveness of ‘Triglycerides and Glucose Index’ to predict metabolic syndromein a Bangladeshi population.Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out in Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh, from March 2016 to February 2017. A total of 200 apparently healthy subjects (127 men and 73 women) were selected for the study, who attended the out-patient-departments of the same institution. Anthropometric measurements were recorded – height, weight, waist circumference (WC) and body mass index (BMI). Overnight fasting blood samples were collected to estimate fasting serum glucose andlipid profile. Then TyG index was calculated and evaluated as a tool in diagnosis of metabolic syndrome in the study subjects.Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were plotted to assess the performance of TyG index in MetS prediction by gender. The power of MetS prediction was quantified by the area under the curve (AUC) with 95% confidence intervals.Results: Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of TyG index to predict metabolic syndrome were 70.45%, 82.14%, 75.61% and 77.97%in males and 25.00%, 97.32%, 88.00% and 62.29%in females respectively. ROC curve showed optimal cut off value 8.72 and area under the curve 0.72 in male study subjects; in female study subjects, the values were 8.72 and 0.96 respectively (P<0.001).Conclusion:Triglycerides and Glucose Index (TyG index) represents a simple,accessible and effective tool for assessment of metabolic syndrome in Bangladeshi population.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Vol. 05 No. 01 January’21 Page: 85-89
Clinical Efficacy and Safety of ‘Oxy +’ in Type 2 Diabetes: A Pilot Study
Authors: Alam Md Anzar , Ahad Mariyam , Quamri Mohd Aleemuddin , Ansari Fasihur Rehman , Parveen Farooqui Shazia
Published: July 2020

Background and objectives: Diabetes is a common metabolic disorder.Type 2 diabetes accounts for the vast majority of around 92% of the population worldwide. Long term hyperglycemia leads to macro and microvascular complications. Oxy+ is a nutraceutical capsule which contains mainly Arthrospira (spirulina). Most of the diabetic people use it. Hence a clinical trial was conducted to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of Oxy + in Type 2 Diabetes.Material Methods: The study was designed as a single-blind pilot study; 10 eligible patients of type 2 diabetes were allocated. Oxy+ was given in capsule form; 2 capsules twice daily orally for 45 days after the meal. Test drug was evaluated on subjective parameters at 0th, 15th, 30th and 45th days whereas objective parameters were assessed before and after the treatment. The results of the intervention were analyzed using suitable statistical methods.Results and Observation:The study effects on subjective parameters like polyuria, tiredness, polyphagia, polydipsia, and Tingling Sensation were found significantly reduced. The objective parameters were assessed before and after as Mean ± SD for FBS (164.4±36.019 vs 111.1±25.075), PPBS (248.5±51.70 vs 170.1±45.148) and HbA1c (9.14±1.517 vs 6.95±1.224).The results were analyzed after using paired‘t’ test.Interpretation and Conclusion:The findings about both parameters (subjective and objective) that the ‘Oxy+’ is effective in type 2 diabetes and the cure was considerable. Safety parameters (SGOT, SGPT, Blood Urea, and Serum Creatinine) were remained unchanged. Therefore, it can be concluded that the ‘Oxy+’ would be safe and effective in the management of type 2 diabetes.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Vol. 05 No. 01 January’21 Page: 96-100
Pulmonary Herpes Simplex Infection: A Case Report
Authors: Zainulabid Ummu Afeera , Razak Megat Razeem Abdul , Abdullah Suhaila , Yasin Sharifah Nor Ashikin Syed
Published: July 2020

Pulmonary herpes simplex infection is rarely reported. To date, there is a paucity of literature on this infection. This case study describes a 64-year-old male with a background history of diabetes mellitus and hypertension who was intubated for acute respiratory failure. The managing team had difficulty to wean his oxygenation thus decided for bronchoscopy examination which showed suspicious growth at middle lobe of the right lung. Repeated bronchoscopy by pulmonologist revealed a nodular ‘warty’ appearance lesion at right bronchus intermedius. His biopsy revealed histopathological changes consistent with herpes simplex infection.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Vol. 05 No. 01 January’21 Page: 112-114
Hypocalcaemia in a Patient with Chronic Liver Disease: A Case Report
Authors: Devaraj Navin Kumar , Mohamad Fadzilah , Rashid Aneesa Abdul , Manap Abdul Hadi Abdul , Sallahuddin Nurin Amalina
Published: July 2020

Acute hypocalcaemia is an uncommon presentation in clinical practice. However, severe acute hypocalcaemia may require immediate resuscitative measures. Thus, the case presented is aimed to highlight the importance of thorough assessment and prompt management in replacing the calcium. This case looks at a 34-year-old woman with underlying chronic liver disease (primary biliary cirrhosis) and hypoalbuminemia presented with symptom of perioral and peripheral paraesthesia for three days and was then infused with slow intravenous calcium gluconate. In avoiding recurrence, she was prescribed daily oral supplementation of calcium carbonate.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Vol. 05 No. 01 January’21 Page: 115-117