bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ОЦЕНКИ ПАРАМЕТРОВ СВЕТЯЩЕГОСЯ ОБЪЕКТА, НАБЛЮДАВШЕГОСЯ В РАЙОНЕ САНТЬЯГО-ДЕ-КОМПОСТЕЛА 18 ЯНВАРЯ 1994 ГОДА
Authors: Светцов В.В.
Published: January 2025

Светящийся объект, который наблюдался в Испании в окрестности Сантьяго-де-Компостела 18 января 1994 г. и был описан очевидцами, имел характерные особенности, которые не согласуются с типичным полетом болида в атмосфере. А именно, объект двигался на высотах от ~ 26 до ~ 3 км под углом 18° к поверхности Земли с низкой скоростью 1–3 км/c, причем его свечение было ярким. Обоснованных объяснений это явление не получило. В данной работе проведены оценки возможных процессов и параметров космического тела, падение которого могло вызвать это событие. Предложен сценарий, в котором каменный астероид размером несколько метров входит в атмосферу с минимальной скоростью ~ 11.2 км/с. Торможение тела до 3 км/с на высоте ~ 26 км происходит за счет его распада на фрагменты и постепенного увеличения площади поперечного сечения роя фрагментов, как в известных панкейк-моделях. Затем происходит коллимация фрагментов в одну или несколько цепочек, благодаря чему они преодолевают сопротивление атмосферы на своем пути длиной около 75 км и тормозятся до скорости ~ 1 км/с лишь на высоте 3 км. Свечение обусловлено тепловым излучением с поверхности многочисленных фрагментов, разогретых до температуры около температуры солидуса. Предложенный для объяснения события механизм коллимации фрагментов требует дальнейшего обоснования и изучения.

A luminous object observed in Spain in the vicinity of Santiago de Compostela on January 18, 1994 and described by eyewitnesses had characteristic features that are inconsistent with the typical flight of a bolide in the atmosphere. Namely, the object was moving at altitudes from ~ 26 to ~ 3 km at an angle of 18° to the Earth's surface with a low speed of 1–3 km/s, and its glow was bright. This phenomenon has not received a reasonable explanation. In this paper, estimates are made of the possible processes and parameters of the cosmic body whose fall could have caused this event. A scenario is proposed in which a stony asteroid several meters in size enters the atmosphere with the minimum speed of ~ 11.2 km/s. The body decelerates to 3 km/s at an altitude of ~ 26 km due to its disintegration into fragments and a gradual increase in the cross-sectional area of the fragment swarm, as in the well-known pancake models. Then the fragments collimate into one or more chains, due to which they overcome atmospheric resistance on their path of about 75 km and slow down to a speed of ~ 1 km/s only at an altitude of 3 km. The glow is caused by thermal radiation from the surface of numerous fragments heated to a temperature close to the solidus temperature. The mechanism of fragment collimation proposed to explain the event requires further substantiation and study.
Techno-economic analysis and optimisation of grey and green methanol synthesis using flowsheet automation and surrogate modelling
Authors: Andreasen Anders , van Baten Jasper
Published: January 2025

Recognizing methanol's versatile role as a chemical precursor and energy carrier, this study addresses its traditional production from fossil fuels and the associated challenges in pivoting to green alternatives due to the cost of green hydrogen. The research focuses on techno-economic analysis and optimization, employing a validated chemical process simulation tool integrated with economic analyses, reflecting CAPEX and OPEX models, and considering heat recovery to promote self-sufficiency. The study compares grey (traditional syngas) and green (biogenic CO2 and green hydrogen) methanol production pathways while also optimizing process factors, such as feed pressure, purge rate, temperature and catalyst volume, to achieve cost-effectiveness. In green methanol production specifically, the paper finds that optimal conditions are slightly milder than for grey methanol, highlighting the importance of process variables like purge rate given the high cost of green hydrogen. Still with current price level of hydrogen from electrolysis the levelised cost of methanol is several times more expensive via direct hydrogenation compared to production from fossil syngas. Results from the simulation-driven optimization underline the delicate balance between various objectives, such as minimizing costs or maximizing output, and demonstrate instances of pareto optimality. This study thus contributes with an integrated assessment of methanol production techniques, utilizing process simulation, economic evaluation, and heat integration for both grey and green methanol, aiming to pave the way for more sustainable chemical processes in the industry.
Classification and Identification of Facet and Edge specific γ-Al2O3 Surface Sites from 1H/27Al NMR Cross-Signatures and DFT modelling
Authors: Gioffrè Domenico , Copéret Christophe , Florian Pierre , Pigeon Thomas , Raybaud Pascal , Chizallet Céline
Published: January 2025

γ-Al2O3 is used as both catalyst or support for catalytic active phases. The properties of γ-Al2O3 have been ascribed to specific surface sites, with varying Al coordination number, acidity and basicity, depending on the morphology of the material. Here, we combine surface-specific 27Al{1H} 2D high field NMR (28.2T, 1.2 GHz for 1H frequency) at fast MAS (50kHz) to observe four main distinct families of surface Al-OH sites. Comparing the measured NMR signatures (27Al δiso, CQ and 1H δiso) to computed values from a large range of structural DFT models enables to identify specific edge and facet Al-OH surface sites in γ-Al2O3, including a distinct [4]Al-OH site with an unprecedented CQ approaching 18MHz. This molecular-level description of alumina surfaces opens new opportunities to understand its unique properties, such as the stabilization of small particles down to single atoms, central to catalytic processes.
Defluorination Mechanisms and Real-Time Dynamics of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances on Electrified Surfaces
Authors: Sharkas Kamal , Wong Bryan
Published: January 2025

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are persistent environmental contaminants found in groundwater sources and a wide variety of consumer products. In recent years, electrochemical approaches for the degradation of these harmful contaminants have garnered significant attention due to their efficiency and chemical-free modular nature. However, these electrochemical processes occur in open, highly non-equilibrium systems, and a detailed understanding of PFAS degradation mechanisms in these promising technologies is still in its infancy. To shed mechanistic insight into these complex processes, we present the first constant-electrode potential (CEP) quantum calculations of PFAS degradation on electrified surfaces. These advanced CEP calculations provide new mechanistic details on the intricate electronic processes that occur during PFAS degradation in the presence of an electrochemical bias, which cannot be gleaned from conventional DFT calculations. We complement our CEP calculations with large-scale ab initio molecular dynamics simulations in the presence of an electrochemical bias to provide timescales for PFAS degradation on electrified surfaces. Taken together, our CEP-based quantum calculations provide critical reaction mechanisms for PFAS degradation in open electrochemical systems, which can be used for pre-screening candidate material surfaces and optimal electrochemical conditions for remediating PFAS and other environmental contaminants.
Design and Construction of a Fully Functionalised Probe Library for Mode of Action Studies
Authors: Holik Yaroslav , Murugesan Dinakaran , Patterson Stephen , Wyllie Susan , Gilbert Ian, H. , Zuccotto Fabio , Tarver Gary, J.
Published: January 2025

The lack of novel drug targets is a barrier to the development of therapeutics for infectious diseases. In this paper the design and construction of a diverse set of small molecule fragments attached to functionalised linkers is discussed. The functionalised linkers are comprised of a diazirine photo crosslinking moiety alongside an acetylene group to facilitate target pulldown. These are designed to be probes to find new targets, though phenotypic screening, followed by cross coupling and pull-down of the target. They also have the potential to be used in screening programmes against whole cells, enzymes and receptors. To help reduce the number of false positives, a set of the fragments with an un-reactive acetamide has also been prepared, which will allow competition studies.
Enabling Stereoselective Fluoroalkyl-Sulfonylalkylation of Alkenes and Alkynes Via Photoredox Catalysis
Authors: I. N. Hewa Inaththappulige Supuni , Acharya Ayush , D. De Zoysa A. Nipuna , Singh Harshvardhan , Giri Ramesh
Published: January 2025

We describe a versatile photocatalytic approach for inter- and intramolecular fluoroalkyl-sulfonylalkylation of carbon−carbon bonds in activated and unactivated alkenes and alkynes. We employ fluoroalkyl sulfinate salts as bifunctional reagents to intro-duce fluoroalkyl and SO2 groups, and alkyl halides to intercept the ensuing sulfonyl intermediates in a process that creates one C(sp3)-C(sp3) and two C(sp3)-S bonds in one step. This method is applicable for the fluoroalkyl-sulfonylalkylation of both alkenes and alkynes bearing a diverse set of functional groups and unsaturated gaseous hydrocarbons. The robustness of the method is also demonstrated by the late-stage diversification of steroids, alkaloids and pharmaceuticals. Mechanistic insights reveal a photoredox-mediated sequential process involving fluoroalkyl radical addition, SO2 incorporation, and subsequent SN2-type displacement.
Molecular Motors Activate Skeletal Muscle
Authors: Rui Yuchen , Arnold Dallin , Beckham Jacob , Li Bowen , Duret Guillaume , Chaudhry Gautam , Robinson Jacob , Tour James
Published: January 2025

Precise remote control of skeletal muscle contraction could be beneficial to the study and treatment of muscular dysfunction. Recently, we reported a method regulating intracellular calcium signaling using molecular motors (MMs), molecules that rotate sub-molecular components unidirectionally upon absorption of light. Here, we explore the application of this methodology to skeletal muscle tissue. Our results demonstrate that MMs induce intracellular calcium release in C2C12 myoblasts and differentiated myotubes via IP3-mediated signaling in a fashion that depends on their fast unidirectional rotation. Inhibition of proteins involved in the cAMP pathway such as adenylyl cyclase and protein kinase A also reduced the magnitude of the elicited calcium responses. We further show that, in differentiated C2C12 myotubes, the calcium signaling events driven by MM activation cause localized myotube contraction. This work demonstrates the use of a molecular mechanical technique to directly control skeletal muscle contraction, expanding the scope of available tools to study muscle contraction in a single-cell regime and treat a range of myopathies.
Recent advances in stimuli-responsive framework materials: understanding their response and searching for materials with targeted behavior
Authors: Coudert François-Xavier
Published: January 2025

Although all molecular assemblies show some degree of flexibility, the past decade has shown that there is a higher propensity among framework materials to display large-scale dynamic behavior. Beyond the seminal discoveries of the important flexibility of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), covalent organic frameworks (COFs), hybrogen-bonded organic frameworks (HOFs) or supramolecular organic frameworks (SOFs), and many other framework materials, the field has progressed rapidly: the number of known flexible materials is ever growing, and the diversity of the types of manifestation of this flexibility appears endless. In addition, the microscopic mechanism of their behavior has been studied using a growing combination of experimental characterization techniques, in situ and in operando measurements, as well as computational simulation methods. In this Review, we present some of the significant advances in recent studies of stimuli-responsive framework materials. In particular, we highlight the novel responses that have been discovered in the past few years, the toolbox developed by researchers in the field to better understand the materials' behavior (both experimentally and computationally), and show some of the latest progress in the discovery of materials with targeted behavior, whether through de novo design or identification of known materials for new properties — similar to what is known in the field of drug discovery as repurposing.
V2O5 as Potential Hole Transport Material for Tin-based Non-toxic Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Uddin Rukon , Bhowmik Subrata
Published: January 2025

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have emerged as a promising technology due to their remarkable efficiency and stability improvements over the years. However, commercialization is hindered by challenges such as material toxicity, high costs, and limited stability. To address these issues, this study investigates vanadium pentoxide (V2O5) as a novel, cost-effective hole transport material (HTM) for non-toxic perovskite solar cells. A unique cell structure comprising V2O5 as the HTM, CsSnI3 as the absorber material, and WS2 as the electron transport material (ETM) was proposed and optimized using SCAPS-1D simulations. The optimized device achieved a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 24.71%, with an open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.8489 V, a short-circuit current density (Jsc) of 35.601 mA/cm², and a fill factor (FF) of 81.75%. Additionally, the V2O5-based structure demonstrated the lowest material costs compared to conventional HTMs. By addressing the challenges of lead toxicity and high production costs, this study highlights the potential of V2O5 as an efficient and sustainable alternative for next-generation perovskite solar cells.
Gold(I)-Mediated Reactivity of Allenes with Mesoionic Nucleophiles: A Computational Study
Authors: Garcia-Padilla Eduardo , Maseras Feliu
Published: January 2025

We explore the factors leading to regioselective nucleophilic additions in gold(I)-mediated reactions with allenes through DFT analysis of model systems. The reactivity and selectivity are determined by both steric and electronic effects. The feasibility of intermolecular nucleophilic attack by sydnones and münchnones was evaluated by comparison to several known nucleophiles, with the transition state barriers of the latter being particularly accessible. The resulting intermediates are more likely to undergo formal (3+3) cyclisations instead of the more usual (3+2) pathways. While initial decarboxylation is not readily accessed, a computational mechanistic exploration suggests that the ultimate products are likely to be substituted dihydropyridines. We propose that the use of mesoionic reagents in gold(I)-mediated processes is feasible, should regioselectively access different heterocycles, and may lead to the development of new methodology in gold(I)-mediated synthesis.
A Photoactivatable Free Mycolic Acid Probe to Investigate Mycobacteria–Host Interactions
Authors: Agu Kingsley , Banahene Nicholas , Santamaria Carolina , Kim Christi , Cabral Jessica , Biegas Kyle , Papson Casey , Kruskamp Andrew , Siegrist M. Sloan , Swarts Benjamin
Published: January 2025

Mycolic acids are long-chain, α-branched, β-hydroxylated fatty acid lipids that populate the outer mycomembrane of mycobacteria, including the pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Mycolic acids predominantly occur in the form of glycolipids, but non-glycosylated free mycolic acids (fMA), which are generated during mycomembrane remodeling, are major constituents of the M. tuberculosis biofilm extracellular matrix and promote host immune evasion during M. tuberculosis infection. However, our understanding of these processes is nascent, and there is limited information about the fMA–protein interactions involved. To facilitate such studies, we synthesized a fMA analogue probe (x-Alk-MA) containing a photo-crosslinking diazirine and a clickable alkyne to enable live-cell capture and analysis of protein interactors. The synthetic strategy featured asymmetric hydrogenation to establish the β-hydroxy group, diastereoselective alkylation to establish the α-branch, and late-stage modification to install the functional tags. In macrophages, x-Alk-MA recapitulated the cytokine response of native MA and selectively photo-labeled TREM2, a host cell receptor for fMAs that suppresses macrophage activation and has been implicated in M. tuberculosis immune evasion. The synthetic strategy, chemical probes, and photo-labeling methods disclosed herein should facilitate future studies aimed at understanding the roles of fMA in mycobacterial physiology and pathogenesis.
Evans-Polanyi-like models for rapidly predicting barriers in xylopyranoses: Accelerating the development of kinetic models for hemicellulose pyrolysis
Authors: Ayarde-Henríquez Leandro , Lupi Jacopo , Ballotta Bernardo , Dooley Stephen
Published: January 2025

This work elucidates Evans-Polanyi-like (EPL) relations to rapidly estimate the standard activation enthalpy of three ubiquitous reaction classes playing a central role in hemicellulose pyrolysis: ring-opening, ring contraction, and elimination. These models leverage computationally cheap local and global electron-density-based chemical reactivity descriptors, such as Fukui’s functions (f), electron population of CO bonds (N), and the gross intrinsic strength bond index (Δgpair), evaluated for reactants solely. More than 270 reactions observed in twenty-eight functionalized β-D-xylopyranoses, the hemicellulose building block, are used under the 20-80 % partition scheme for validating-deriving purposes. By using the relatively simple multilinear regression analysis, four EPL are proposed for informing barriers at the M06-2X/6-311++G(d,p), CBS-QB3, G4, and DLPNO-CCSD(T)-F12/cc-pVTZ-F12//M06-2X/6-311++G(d,p), namely, ΔHDFT = –168.82f ̅– 66.28N ̅ + 328.10Δ ̅gpair – 18.80, ΔHCBS = –189.01(f ) ̅– 65.11N ̅ + 266.44Δ ̅gpair + 13.96, ΔHG4 = –184.99f ̅ – 64.85N ̅ + 275.10Δ ̅gpair + 8.52, and ΔHDLPNO = –187.82f ̅ – 72.45N ̅ + 296.14Δ ̅gpair + 7.72, respectively. An adjusted coefficient of determination of 0.80 characterizes all these parametric polynomials. Moreover, MAE and RMSE equal to ≈3.3 and ≈4.1 kcal mol-1 describe the performance of the best-fitting models at DFT and G4. Conversely, the highest values, MAE = 3.6 and RMSE = 4.7 kcal mol-1, are associated with the CBS-QB3 level. The benchmarking of the computed activation enthalpies at 298 K yields simple functions for high-level estimations from low levels of theory: ΔHCBS = 0.96ΔHDFT + 1.67, ΔHG4 = 0.96ΔHDFT + 1.72, ΔHDLPNO = 1.02ΔHDFT – 1.57, ΔHG4 = 0.96ΔHCBS + 2.86, ΔHDLPNO = 1.01ΔHCBS – 0.14, and ΔHDLPNO = 1.05ΔHG4 – 2.77. R2 ranges from 0.94 to 0.98 across these polynomials. Extrapolating the DPLNO barriers to the complete basis set limit tends to lower them by 0.63 kcal mol-1. EPL expressions are tailored to facilitate the development of chemical kinetic models for hemicellulose pyrolysis, as the reactant structure is the only input required, thereby contributing to the faster deployment of bioproducts at a commercial level.
Artificial intelligence, collaboration and BIM in the methodological process of architectural design: using the Architechtures tool
Authors: Quedas Campoy Carlos
Published: January 2025

The field of artificial intelligence (AI) has been considered as a means capable of promoting significant changes in the dynamics of the architectural design process. This paper presents methodological questions and reflections, as well as cultural and financial challenges related to the feasibility of adopting the Architechtures generative AI tool, which is aimed at collaboratively proposing volumetric architectural parties and floor plans for preliminary studies. The focus is limited to the Brazilian design field, which has traditionally been peripheral and/or outdated compared to foreign technological advancements and applications. Integration with the BIM environment is sought to address local challenges and explore design possibilities. The assessments include the development of high-rise residential building projects, positioning AI as an active partner or co-pilot in the design process, as well as the Avaliação Pré-Projeto methodology for the qualitative dimension. The results highlight both positive aspects and shortcomings, but they suggest a promising future given the possibilities in the field of AI.
VARIATIONS IN FRACTAL CHARACTERISTICS OF A SOLAR PROTON EVENT
Authors:   AL-FARABI KAZAKH NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, Huseynov Shirin , Huseynov Sadi , Levin Yurii
Published: January 2025

This joint research work is devoted to quantitative radio diagnostics of flare and proton events based on their radio bursts near the end of the 24th solar activity cycle. Observations were carried out on the 12 – meter radio telescope of the Institute of Ionosphere of the Republic of Kazakhstan at frequen-cies f=1 and f=3 GHz. Studies have shown that three flare events: B 6.2/~X 2.4, 01.09.2014; M 2.7, 21.06.2015 and M 7.9, 25.06.2015, fully meet the proton criteria. The intersection point of radio emis-sions of dual-frequency (1 and 3 GHz) solar proton events determines the zero time of the beginning of their pulses and gradual phases. In the first – pulse phase, electrons predominate, and in the second – the phase of gradual increase in the number of protons. The acceleration of electrons in the “first” phase during solar flares is 4-8 min.; the acceleration of electrons and protons in the “second” phase varies in the range of 10-46 min. The time-intensity profiles we built and the values of the Herest index we found allow us to follow the dynamics of the combustion events we studied. This allows us to evaluate the habituation events both qualitatively and quantitatively.Thus, the values of radio data obtained as a result of applying the method to these three proton events quite correctly reflect phenomena that differ from each other in their characteristics, both in the scale of observation and in the energy of the spectra.
Solutions of kink-antikink for the motion of a nucleid in a potential field in the Рython program
Authors:   AL-FARABI KAZAKH NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, Zhadyranova Aliya , Ismail Umit , Aliev Nursultan , Orazmukhamet Nural
Published: January 2025

This article is devoted to the study of the Englander model in a potential field. In the model, nuclides are represented as a pendulum connected by a common thread. Based on the Englander model, the sine-Gordon equation, which describes nonlinear systems, has been investigated. New nonlinear models such as the Peyrard-Bishop model, the Poland-Scheraga model, the Yakushevich model, and the Scott model have been considered. Using the Englander model, the functionality of the DNA molecule is explained and treated as a graphical structure. The structural changes in the Englander model are based on kink and anti-kink. Analytical and numerical values of the kink characteristics are calculated. It is shown how topological aspects are utilized in nonlinear models of the DNA molecule. The complex dynamics of DNA and its topological defects are described. Modeling of the dynamic process during transcription and replication by applying an equation to DNA is considered. Using the DNA parameters, solutions to the equation are obtained in the form of kink and anti-kink. The energy density of kink and antikink is found. Density curves and surfaces of kinks and anti-kinks are constructed. Separation of variables methods are used to find solutions in differential equations. 2D and 3D plots of kink and anti-kink interactions are obtained using Python software.
A PASSAGEM DA PARRESÍA EM SUA DIMENSÃO POLÍTICA PARA A CONSTITUIÇÃO ÉTICA DO CUIDADO-DE-SI EM MICHEL FOUCAULT
Authors: Dos Santos Primo Maria Clara
Published: January 2025

Este artigo busca compreender os paradigmas que estruturam as relações entre verdade, poder e sujeito, temas centrais na obra de Michel Foucault, com ênfase em seus cursos finais. Retomando o conceito de parresía, entendido etimologicamente como a prática de “dizer tudo,” o artigo examina como essa noção atravessa os campos da aleturgia (produção da verdade), governamentalidade (governo dos outros) e subjetividade (governo de si). Também aborda a crise da democracia, investigando suas pretensões de ser o espaço ideal para o exercício do falar franco. Por fim, destaca a transição da parresía de uma prática política para uma dimensão ética, essencial à construção de um éthos individual fundamentado nas práticas do cuidado de si (epimeleîsthai). Para isso, a metodologia adotada é de caráter bibliográfico e analítico-descritivo, com o objetivo de examinar as fontes primárias das aulas ministradas por Foucault e os conceitos por ele desenvolvidos.
O CONCEITO DE PRÁTICA EM ALASDAIR MACINTYRE
Authors: Aires de Carvalho Marina Giovanna
Published: January 2025

Este artigo explora o conceito de "prática" na teoria moral de Alasdair MacIntyre, destacando sua relevância para a reconstrução da ética das virtudes em um cenário de fragmentação moral contemporânea. Por meio de uma análise crítica da obra Depois da Virtude, são abordados os fundamentos históricos, filosóficos e narrativos que sustentam sua proposta ética. MacIntyre diagnostica a modernidade como um período de desordem moral, caracterizado por um pluralismo ético que carece de uma base comum de consenso. Ele propõe a retomada da teleologia e das virtudes aristotélicas como formas de superar esse dilema, adaptando-as ao contexto cultural e social atual. O conceito de prática é central nessa abordagem, sendo definido como uma atividade colaborativa guiada por normas e valores internos que buscam a excelência intrínseca. Além disso, o autor utiliza a narrativa como estrutura para integrar moralidade, história e tradição. A pesquisa argumenta que a reintegração das virtudes e práticas à moralidade oferece uma solução coesa e significativa para os desafios éticos contemporâneos. Este estudo contribui para um entendimento mais profundo das implicações de uma ética das virtudes em um mundo pluralista, ressaltando sua aplicabilidade no fortalecimento do bem comum e da justiça.
DISCUTINDO A PARTILHA DO SENSÍVEL DE JACQUES RANCIÈRE COMO DISPOSITIVO DE CONTROLE DE INVISIBILIZAÇÃO DA HOMOSSEXUALIDADE
Authors: Lopes Almeida Carlos Henrique , Ferreira da Silva Janielson
Published: January 2025

O presente artigo tem como objetivo abordar o conceito de “partilha do sensível” esboçado pelo filósofo francês Jacques Rancière dentro de uma ótica de dispositivo de controle da homossexualidade, este conceito está relacionado a ideia de que a partilha do sensível possui uma crítica de Jacques Rancière com relação a ideia de uma estrutura social de Platão, que representa uma estrutura estática, uma estrutura engessada, que privilegia aquele que já se encontrou na sociedade. Esse conceito mais particular de partilha é apresentado e define, de certa forma quem aparece e que toma parte dos espaços, tempos e tipos de atividades de acordo com suas ocupações, o tempo e o espaço é quem vão determinar a maneira como um comum se presta a participação, assim como uns e outros também tomam parte nessa partilha. Nesse sentido, será abordado a maneira que essa partilha do sensível se apresenta e toma parte do sujeito homossexual na sociedade tendo em vista o modelo padrão e heteronormativo de comportamento que a sociedade impõe a todos que dela fazem parte.
Determination of O-isobutylmethylphosphonate in industrial emissions by gas chromatography using pulsating flame photometric detector
Authors: Chernikov S. N. , Rastegaev O. Yu.
Published: January 2025

A procedure for gas chromatographic determination of O-isobutylmethylphosphonate micro-quantities in industrial emissions with a concentration range from 0.5 to 50 mg/m3 has been developed. The target analyte was collected and concentrated using an aspirator of the required volume of the test medium taken from sources of industrial emissions through sampling tubes equipped with ready-made filter materials, two layers of filters of the PFC (Petryanova filter cloth) type, 12 mm in diameter, two layers of filters of the appropriate size, washed in ethyl alcohol and dried in air, made of dense cotton material «moleskin». Recovery of concentrated substances from the sample tubes was performed by extraction with isopropanol. Methylation with diazomethane was carried out to convert the desired substance to a volatile product for subsequent chromatography, by a method improved to obtain micro-quantities of dialkyl esters of MPA and its monoesters. The high efficiency of the proposed methylation method as a factor for obtaining solutions with a low content of impurities of both starting reagents and non-target reaction products has been experimentally proven, which leads to higher accuracy of microconcentration measurements. Trace impurities, including diazomethane residues, were removed by vacuuming the methylated solution for 2 – 5 min. The use of other methods to remove excess diazomethane does not give positive results: blowing diazomethane from the solution with an inert gas does not lead to noticeable changes even for 15 – 20 min, during which time part of the solvent is removed and, therefore, the concentration of the target product changes; the addition of additional chemicals, for example acetic acid, leads to contamination with two products at once-excess acetic acid and methyl acetate, in addition, the addition of excess competing reagent can lead to transalkylation with the participation of the target product and, as a result, to incomplete progress of the target reaction. Quantitative data were obtained by gas chromatography using a Varian CP-3800 gas chromatograph equipped with a pulsed flame photometric detector, the mixture was separated on a CP WAX CB capillary column. The methodology was tested at real control facilities, appropriately certified and implemented in environmental control and monitoring programs.
Determining of the thermophysical properties of materials with indirect control of the temperature of the medium bordering the wall
Authors: Ryabchikov M. Yu. , Ryabchikova E. S. , Neshporenko E. G. , Sukhonosova T. G. , Vasilyeva E. I.
Published: January 2025

Temperature control of a medium bounded by walls without direct placement of sensors in it is important to ensure efficient operation of many devices and process units (heat treatment devices, engines, reactors, etc.). However, development of a monitoring method with a wide scope of application requires automation of determination of thermophysical properties of wall and medium materials without specialized tests, which is difficult due to the individual specifics of each object. The paper presents the results of determining the thermophysical properties of materials during indirect monitoring of the temperature of the medium bordering the wall. We investigated the difficulties arising in the automation of determining the properties of materials during adaptation of models of complex heat exchange between the medium and the wall with partially uncertain properties. We used simplified heat exchange models making it possible to present the model signals as increments relative to the initial moment for the time period and to reduce the effect of the mismatch between the functional form of the model and the object on the indirect monitoring results. The parameters unknown during model adaptation were determined based on retrospective data of a limited time domain. It is shown that the model can be used to monitor a generalized estimate of the temperature of the medium near the point of temperature monitoring in the wall with subsequent prediction of the consequences of varying the temperature of the isolated medium. The efficiency of the proposed approach is demonstrated using a case study of heating fireclay bricks. The results obtained can be used in developing universal temperature control methods applicable to various objects.
The spectral analysis of the state parameters of technical systems in the regular and damaged states
Authors: Makhutov N. A. , Gadenin M. M.
Published: January 2025

It is noted that reaction of bearing elements of structures and engineering components to service loadings, impacts of physical fields and corrosive environments is initiation not only fields of stresses and strains, but also fields of damages. At the same time depending on conditions of a loading and environment various mechanisms of accumulation of damages and fracture which indicators are essential changes in spectra of a response of technical systems to different impacts are realized. The analysis of parameters of a state of such systems by registration of spectral characteristics of service processes allows to carry out estimations of levels of their damage in rather full degree. On the basis of results of research of service states of technical systems on spectral diagnostic parameters approaches to the analysis of amplitude-frequency characteristicses of their actual states both in the regular allowed states, and upon transition to dangerous states owing to accumulation in them of dangerous service damages are offered. At the same time criteria of transition of technical systems from regular in emergency and catastrophic states at accumulation of critical limits of damage are formulated. Examples of the dispersed initiation of microcracks in material of structures parts at a cyclic deformation with their propagation in the main fractures, and also examples of the analysis of dynamic states on vibration spectra of a response of simple and compound technical systems with the crack which arose in them and with existence of defects are given. At the same time the possibility of obtaining initial computation and experimental information on parameters of a stress-strain state and damage of installation with use of methods of the spectral analysis of a response of a compound structure to vibration impact as a result of initiation of damage of its separate parts is shown. Results of such spectral analysis can be used for diagnostics and monitoring of conditions of regular service of high-loaded installations of a technosphere and transition of their states to limit emergency and catastrophic in relation to objects of power engineerings, space-rocket and aircraft equipment.
Improvement of the method of digital image correlation in the field of analyzing the processes of deformation and fracture of composites
Authors: Strungar E. M. , Lobanov D. S. , Staroverov O A. , Pelenev K. A.
Published: January 2025

The paper reflects new experimental results describing the processes of deformation and fracture of composites with significant structural heterogeneity with concentrators. A large-scale approach to the development of the method of digital image correlation (DIC) under complex modes of external influences is proposed. A number of methods of fixation of recorded data under cyclic impacts are considered. The peculiarities of each of the presented ways of data fixation depending on the main purpose of the research on the basis of static and cyclic tests of carbon fiber reinforced plastic specimens are outlined. Recommendations on the use of «analog capture» and «flex capture» options of the program «vic snap» are presented. The recommendations are valid for solving problems related to the analysis of regularities of deformation and fracture of objects with structural heterogeneity made of polymer composite materials under different modes of external loading. The study reflects the main methodological peculiarities arising when working with the non-contact optical video system VIC-3D and the method of correlation of digital images on polymer composite materials. Deformations at the structural and macroscopic levels are compared. Recommendations on the selection of post-treatment parameters, namely the step in the calculation by the KCI method, are proposed. A method of reducing the edge effect arising during uniaxial tensile testing of specimens with a concentrator is proposed. As a result of these studies, it becomes possible to obtain new experimental data on the processes of defect development and macroscopic fracture zones in the hole region, avoiding the influence of the edge zone.
The Problem of Textual Engagement in Gerontolinguistics
Authors: Burmakina N. G.
Published: January 2025

Increasing life expectancy has led to a marked growth in the older population with cognitive deficits. This study examines how institutional texts match the communication skills of older people with accelerated aging phenotype. Major shifts in the speech production and processing patterns during the third age stage were traced. A taxonomy of linguistic elements that make people having dementia or pre-dementia struggle with understanding written texts was compiled. The analysis showed that written informational texts and announcements produced by public institutions are generally too complicated for older people with cognitive impairment. Common barriers include unnecessarily long sentences, complex syntax, numerous multisyllabic words, loanwords, abbreviations, terms, bureaucratic style, excessive punctuation, convoluted comparisons, etc.
Preventing and Treating Postpartum Haemorrhage: Uterotonics and Tranexamic Acid
Authors: Moosvi Hasnain , Hussain Danial Syed , Drew Thomas
Published: January 2025

This tutorial covers the prevention and treatment of postpartum haemorrhage using uterotonics and tranexamic acid focusing on dosing, timing, efficacy and side effects to guide clinical practice.
DISTURBANCES OF THE ATMOSPHERIC ELECTRIC FIELD DURING THE MAGNETIC STORM ON APRIL 5, 2010
Authors: Pilipenko Vyacheslav , Frank-Kamenetsky Alexandr , Smirnov Sergey
Published: January 2025

The problem of atmospheric electric field disturbances during geomagnetic field variations still has no clear solution. The article analyzes available data from magnetometers and atmospheric electricity stations during the supersubstorm of April 5, 2010, which developed against the background of a moderate magnetic storm (/Dst/ ~ 80 nT). Comparison of fluxmeter and magnetometer data has shown unexpectedly strong variations in the vertical electric field Ez with a range of up to several hundred V/m (“electric storm”) during intense magnetic disturbances. Although the Ez disturbance observed worldwide roughly coincided with the magnetic storm, the coherence between the geomagnetic and electrical variations and the electrical variations between themselves was low. This event does not fit into modern concepts of atmospheric electric field disturbances by ionospheric currents.
EXHIBITION ACTIVITIES OF THE EARTH SCIENCE MUSEUM AS A REFLECTION OF THE HISTORY OF MOSCOW UNIVERSITY
Authors: Snakin Valeriy
Published: January 2025

The article presents an analysis of the exhibition activities of the Earth Science Museum of Moscow State University as an important component of scientific and educational work, significantly expanding educational and outreach activities. In accordance with the development of science and the socio-political situation in our country and the world, the topics of exhibitions, places and methods of their holding changed. At the same time, they reflected the current aspects of the 270-year history of Moscow University as if in a mirror.
ВЗАЄМОЗВ’ЯЗОК ПОНЯТЬ «СТЕРЕОТИП», «ІМІДЖ» І «БРЕНД»: ПОЛІТОЛОГІЧНЕ ОСМИСЛЕННЯ
Authors: Куц Галина
Published: January 2025

The article is devoted to the conceptualisation of the concepts «stereotype», «image» and «brand» in the political science dimension. A conceptual dif- ferentiation has been carried out and the relationship between these concepts has been identified.
It is stated that stereotypes are closely connected in a single structure with ar- chetypes, forming brands jointly. Archetypes form the core of brand identity, they are quite difficult to change (however, they are reluctant to be changed). The stereotype is more superficial, it is perceived on an emotional level, and it can be shaped and changed in a certain way. That is why stereotypes are the basis of the image. Actually, a successful image is a successful set of stereotypes.
The brand includes the archetypal component (core) and the stereotypical component (image shell).
At the level of the stereotypical shell of the brand, emotionality reigns. It is difficult to destroy the stereotype because, at the level of the stereotype, rational-logical argumentation does not always work. Unsuccessful stereo- types should not be debunked, they must be supplanted by other – more pro- ductive stereotypes. The effectiveness of introducing stereotypes depends on the involvement of all five human senses: vision, hearing, smell, taste, and tactility. This guarantees rapid changes in the patterns of behaviour of the individual.
In political discourse, concepts of political image and political brand quite often are used as synonymous. However, there are significant differences between these concepts. The brand correlates with a certain ideal content. And the concept of image means the perception and evaluation of the brand by recipients.
It is argued that image characteristics act as peripheral features of the brand, giving it integrity in perception. Moreover, the formation of the image often comes down to the creation of a certain stereotype. Image characteristics can change, contributing to a more favourable positioning of the brand in certain conditions. Instead, a radical change in the brand itself (its identity) can lead to its destruction and disappearance.
МІЖНАРОДНІ ВІДНОСИНИ В УМОВАХ СВІТУ VUCA: ВИКЛИКИ ТА АДАПТАЦІЯ
Authors: Федонюк Сергій
Published: January 2025

The article examines the impact of the VUCA concept (volatility, uncertainty, complexity, ambiguity) in the field of contemporary international relations. We analyze how these components affect global political and security processes, particularly in the post-Cold War world, where instability and unpredictability have increased. It is determined that traditional approaches to analyzing inter- national relations are becoming less effective due to the growing complexity of global processes, driven by the interdependence of states, rapid technological development, and the emergence of new threats.
Special attention is paid to the impact of modern information and communica- tion technologies, which enhance the influence of VUCA factors by complica- ting international interactions. Technological progress leads to rapid chang- es in the fields of politics and security, which, in turn, create new challenges for international actors. The article explores the problems associated with the adaptation of international actors to new conditions and the need to revise tra- ditional management models in the context of contemporary challenges.
Based on a systems approach, the interconnections between various political, economic, and social factors that complicate decision-making in international politics are analyzed. The role of international communications in amplifying the complexity and ambiguity of global processes is highlighted. The VUCA concept is an effective analytical tool for understanding contempo- rary international relations. Its application allows for a more accurate explana- tion of new challenges and promotes the development of new approaches to managing international processes in an increasingly unpredictable and com- plex environment.
«ТАЙВАНСЬКА ПРОБЛЕМА» В СИСТЕМІ МІЖНАРОДНИХ ВІДНОСИН НАПРИКІНЦІ 40-х рр. ХХ ст.
Authors: Алтухов Олексій , Бублик Ольга , Русанова Марина
Published: January 2025

The article examines the process of formation of the "Taiwan problem" in the late 1940s. Among the issues raised by the author: new trends in US Chinese policy in the context of the prospect of defeat of the Chiang Kai-shek regime in 1948; the process of forming a new course towards Taiwan (Formosa) in 1948– 1949; the influence on this process of the US Secretariat of State, the American diplomatic corps in East Asia, and the United States Joint Staff Committee. Two plans for using Taiwan in Washington's geostrategic strategy during the period under study are separately considered. The article determined that the key plan was to ensure the evacuation of Chinese troops led by the Kuomintang and their further military and economic support in the fight against the com- munists.
The author also notes that a plan to transfer power on the island to supporters of state self-determination of local aborigines was also considered. As a result of the research, the author came to the following conclusions. The possible vic- tory of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) in the Chinese Civil War (1946– 1949), and with it the threat of the spread of Soviet influence to large areas of the Far East, caused Washington to fear the loss of its military-strategic posi- tions in the region. At the end of 1948, in various circles of the American po- litical establishment, which had formed around the administration of President Harry Truman, the idea of the inadmissibility of a possible transition to com- munist control of the island of Taiwan was taking shape. In this regard, in late 1948 and early 1949, the White House began to formulate plans to maintain its geopolitical control over Formosa. The priority direction of Taiwan policy was the continued support of the Kuomintang authorities, which, under American control, was to make Taiwan an impregnable fortress on the way to
the spread of Soviet influence in this part of East Asia.
It is noted that subsequent articles will examine the further evolution of Ameri- can policy towards Taiwan.
THE COMPLICATED RISE OF INDIA'S REGIONAL PARTIES
Authors: Magadum Santosh
Published: January 2025

Post of period of party discontinuity in India, there has been an outstanding ascent in the quantity of local gatherings. Large numbers of them have been alliance accomplice of focal legislatures beginning around 1996. One pattern that is becoming evident is that Indian nation has gone through a key change from the Congress at post position serious areas of strength for to satraps in key states who existed alongside the Congress, the solid local satraps that now coincide with the BJP. From West-Bengal to Odisha, Uttar Pradesh to Bihar and Telangana, Jharkhand to Delhi it is turning out to be evident that assuming that there's areas of strength for a power to take on the Bharatiya Janata Party in later decisions, the Congress gets decreased to an unfortunate third. The Congress used to be the umbrella Party of OBC, Dalit and Muslim citizens for quite a while, because of these segments, support, it has overwhelms whole Indian states till 1967, and with the exception of the concise time of Janata Party rule Congress prevailing Indian Association till 1989, yet presently local gatherings and BJP have solid help base of these segments and Muslim host moved towards the predominant territorial gatherings like .A Delhi-Driven lawmaker who has offered trust and followed through on the ground can be a decent sit tight for future. It's obviously true's that numerous provincial chiefs like Uddhav Thackeray, M.K. Stalin, Jagan Mohan Reddy and Naveen Patnaik are glad to be territorial players. Similarly as territorial lashes in the 1996-1998, Joined Front time had looked and selected sort of Top state leader, 2024 may toss what is happening, yet the related knowledge of the alliance legislatures was not for generally speaking advancement of the country.