bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research on Identification of Deep Leakage Channels in Karst Pumped Storage Reservoirs Based on Multi Field Data Fusion
Authors: Kexun Zheng , Feifei Gan , Daiyao Zhao , Xiao Chen , Xianggang Liu , Ning Zhang
Published: October 2024

The most prominent engineering geological problem of pumped storage power station reservoirs in karst areas is karst leakage, the development of karst leakage channels has a significant impact on the selection of reservoir locations, layout of engineering buildings, design of anti-seepage measures, and engineering costs. Therefore, the survey and evaluation of reservoir leakage channels are the foundation for the construction of pumped storage power station reservoirs in karst areas. The field analysis method plays an important role in karst leakage survey. Traditional karst groundwater field analysis methods, based on the representative indicators of each field measured and determined by experience, fail to fully reflect the temporal and spatial change information of each field indicator, and the data cannot be fully utilized and compared for verification. The multi field data fusion analysis method for karst groundwater proposed in this article comprehensively considers the relationship between measured field indicators and leakage sources, natural conditions, adjacent spaces, and different time field indicators， and obtains the characteristic values of the tracer index, background index, gradient index, and time series index of each field, and overlay calculation of single field comprehensive eigenvalues and multi field composite eigenvalues, which can realize the fusion of multiple fields and multiple indicators, amplify the abnormal location signal of seepage, and delineate the location of centralized seepage, so as to quantitatively determine the location information of the seepage channel of karst groundwater. This method is applied to the survey of karst leakage in the lower reservoir of a pumped storage power station in Guizhou Province, field data fusion analysis shows that there is an abnormal seepage field in the anti-seepage curtain line of the site, and there is good evidence for the temperature and conductivity field data. There is a deep karst leakage channel in the reservoir; The burial depth of the channel is more than 170 m below the normal water level. The research results can provide support for subsequent anti-seepage methods and engineering treatments, as well as relevant engineering experience for other projects.
Research on Simulation and Prediction of Photovoltaic Power Generation Based on Radiation Models and Machine Learning Method
Authors: Gao Jie , Wang Xu , Gu Jianwei , Tang Siwei , Zhu Fangliang , Li Jingyi , Zhu Yiming
Published: October 2024

Focus on the Carbon Peaking and Carbon Neutrality Goals, new energy such as solar and wind power generation developed rapidly. In 2023, the installation of solar energy in China exceeded 0.6 Terawatt, accounting for over 20% of the total installed electricity capacity, surpassing hydropower for the first time, becoming the second largest power supply in China. Annual photovoltaic (PV) power generation achieved nearly 583.3 TWh, gradually towards the main power supply. An accurate simulation and prediction of PV power generation is of great significance for the safe and economical operation of the new power systems. In this paper, on 15-min measured irradiance and power generation data of PV plants within one year and the reanalysis meteorological hourly data of ERA5 derived from ECMWF (European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts), Firstly, we discover the characteristics of PV power generation by analyzing the daily insolation hours and hourly mean power output. Then physical mechanism method is used through radiation model, inclined plane radiation correction model and photoelectric conversion model. PV power output is simulated based on grid-type reanalysis meteorological data. Finally, according to the deviation sequence of simulated and measured power output, a machine learning method extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) is introduced. After dividing the deviation time series into training set and test set, the training set is applied to learn the patterns to correct the test set. And the test set is fed back to modify the prediction. The results show that by using machine learning method, the determination coefficient (R-squared) of hourly PV power output of a certain station for medium and long-term could reach 0.9, which contribute to improve the accuracy of PV power output generation prediction effectively.
Construction of a Full Process Evaluation for the SocialIntegration of Migrants in Water Conservancy and Hydropower Projects
Authors: Zhonggen Sun , Ziting Shao , Huazhong Zhang , Jihua Chen , Qingnian Yu , Yifei Wang
Published: October 2024

China's water conservancy and hydropower enterprises continue to face the challenge of lagging hydropower standards despite being a major player in the construction of water conservancy and hydropower projects. This paper presents a theory for evaluating the social integration process of immigrants in water conservancy and hydropower projects. The theory aims to promote China’s ‘Belt and Road’ strategy, enhance China’s modernization, and establish China’s right to speak. The paper explains the overall framework, process evaluation, and result evaluation of the theory. The evaluation process can be divided into three periods: planning, placement, and later support. The result evaluation is divided into three aspects: environmental adaptation, population development, and cultural integration. Using the Three Gorges Project as an example, this text preliminarily tests the science, rationality, and feasibility of the entire assessment theory. In the future, research on engineering immigration should expand the application scope of the whole process assessment. Sufficient attention should be paid to the problem of social restructuring, and efforts should be made to build an assessment system with Chinese characteristics.
Evolution Laws and Spatial Differentiation Characteristics of Climate and Extreme Climate Before and After the Impoundment of the Three Gorges Reservoir
Authors: Liu Ruirui , Kou Xiaomei , Song Wei , Dong Chuang
Published: October 2024

Human-induced climate change has affected weather and extreme climate events, the Three Gorges Hydropower Project is the largest hydropower project in the world, which must inevitably have some impacts on the regional climate and extreme climate. Based on the data of precipitation, temperature, sunshine hours, relative humidity, minimum temperature and maximum temperature of 14 meteorological stations in the study area for 59 years from 1961 to 2019, this paper adopts the climate tendency rate, Mann-Kendall test, ordered clustering method, Kriging difference method to analyze the climate change trend and spatial differentiation characteristics before and after the impoundment of the Three Gorges Reservoir. The results indicated that the impact on precipitation is weak, there is no significant trends; sunshine hours and relative humidity all showed a significant decreasing trend at 11 stations. However, Except Gaoping, Badong, Enshi and Laifeng, the temperature of the other 10 stations has changed significantly rise trend from a cooling trend to a warming trend. The Three Gorges Reservoir has a slowing effect on the rise of minimum temperature at Wanyuan, Badong, Wufeng, Yichang, Jingzhou, Wanzhou, Shapingba, Laifeng and Yibing, the impact on the ecosystem is beneficial. The increase of maximum temperature at 13 stations except Yichang will inevitably change the regional ecosystem. The abrupt changes of temperature, relative humidity and maximum temperature all occurred after impoundment of the Three Gorges Reservoir. After the impoundment of the Three Gorges Dam, the precipitation variability increased in the west and decreased in the east; North-central temperatures rise more; The decrease range in the east is greater than that in the west; Relative humidity in the west decreased more than that in the east. The temporal and spatial changes of lacal climate will inevitably have a certain impact on the local ecosystem.
Experimental Study on the Flexural Performance of Hydraulic High Ductility Concrete
Authors: He Jingjing , Fang Wei , Zhang Zhi , Hao Rusheng , Guo Yan
Published: October 2024

In order to solving the problem of tolerance in the mixing of water workers’ consolidation processes, Hydraulic High Ductile Concrete (HHDC) was prepared by using lower cost centimeters and TY-PVA fibers. The effects of sand-binder ratio, fly ash dosage, rubber powder dosage and fibre dosage on the performance of HHDC were investigated. The results show that among the four influencing factors, the rubber powder dosage and sand-binder ratio have a more significant impact on the flexural load, with HHDC-1 having the highest flexural load of 3.49 kN. While the fiber dosage and fly ash dosage have a significant impact on the ultimate deflection, with HHDC-7 having the maximum ultimate deflection of 0.60 mm. Each group of HHDC exhibits ductile failure characteristics during the bending process. The conclusion of the study can provide some theoretical support for the engineering application and promotion of HHDC.
Exploration of the Application of Fine Reconstruction of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles in Landslide Disaster Investigation and Management
Authors: Zhao Daiyao , Han Jingnan , Liu Xianggang , Zuo Zhouchang , Zheng Kexun
Published: October 2024

The mountainous terrain in the southwest region is characterized by significant topographic relief and abundant rainfall. When constructing new energy infrastructure such as booster stations in mountainous areas, it is extremely easy to induce landslide instability due to the excavation of mountain slopes. This article takes the Wangmo landslide in the southwestern region of Guizhou Province as the research object, uses multi-rotor drones as platforms, and utilizes techniques such as ground-based photogrammetry and close-range photogrammetry to detect and obtain relevant parameters such as the shape, deformation and damage characteristics, and zoning of the Wangmo landslide. The specific application methods and application effects of fine reconstruction of drones in landslide hazard detection and management are elaborated and discussed. The conclusions are as follows: Compared with traditional orthophotography, the high-definition image data obtained through fine reconstruction of ground-based photogrammetry and close-range photogrammetry generates more comprehensive orthophotographs and 3D model textures with higher resolution. Using the orthophotographs and 3D models produced by fine reconstruction, the structural surface combination, surface crack development, and landslide deformation zone are interpreted, and the formation mechanism of the landslide is determined in conjunction with ground surveys, providing a data foundation for prevention and control design. UAV aerial survey has the characteristics of short cycle, flexibility, and strong emergency response, and has high promotion value in landslide hazard investigation of booster stations.
A Review of Oscillating Buoy Devices in Wave Energy Power Generation
Authors: Zhang Jianchao , Wang Le , Ren Haitao
Published: October 2024

Escalating energy demands and dramatic changes in global climate present a formidable challenge. As a clean, renewable, and unexploited large-scale energy source, ocean wave energy has attracted research attentions all over the world. Although the existing theoretical technologies of wave energy power generation are emerging rapidly, few of them can be applied to massive practical deployment. The current achievements of wave energy resources are reviewed in this paper; various forms and energy transmission modes of oscillating buoy wave energy converters are summarized, and their characteristics and scope of application are detailed; the different array arrangement and benefits of the oscillating buoy wave energy converter are summarized; the directions for future oscillating buoy device development are outlined. Particularly, enormous amount of wave energy from far offshores will be exploited through using advanced and sophisticated equipment and technology, the oscillating buoy energy capture method and more direct and efficient direct-drive power generation devices will be the main choice for wave energy development in the future; to optimize the selection, size, and array layout of oscillating buoy wave energy converter can effectively improve the energy conversion efficiency and lower the levelized cost.
Application of Smart Terminals in the Power Industrial Internet
Authors: Fuqiang Huang , Zhengpu Chen , Jiangtao Xiao , Zhaoan Jin , Jun Chen , Hai Yang
Published: October 2024

The Power Industrial Internet serves as an essential platform for the digital transformation of the electric power industry, during its implementation, the integration of Information Technology (IT) and Operational Technology (OT) in power production and maintenance has posed significant challenges, necessitating the development of intelligent equipment based on Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) to bridge this gap. Microcomputer platforms are well-established and reliable systems capable of running various complex algorithms. However, traditional microcomputer-based protection devices face limitations such as firmware programming, limited types of signal sampling, and insufficient data transmission capabilities. In the current era of digital transformation, there is an urgent need for intelligent devices and smart terminals that can overcome these shortcomings through cloud-edge collaboration to assist the digital transformation of the power industry, continuously creating effective applications that enhance quality and efficiency, and fostering new productive forces. This article starts from the strategic orientation of industrial development, the problem orientation of digital transformation, and the demand orientation for quality improvement and efficiency enhancement. It focuses on the key issues in the advancement of the industrial internet, proposes solutions based on microcomputer platforms, and explores new directions in the development of intelligent and digital transformation in the field of relay protection specialization.
Economic Analysis of Distributed Photovoltaic Power Generation Projects
Authors: Qian Zhang , Yuwei Pan
Published: October 2024

With the opportunities brought by China’s promotion of achieving the “dual carbon” targets, the technology of China’s photovoltaic industry is accelerating improvement, and the scale is steadily expanding. Distributed photovoltaic projects have the advantages of flexible configuration, nearby utilization, low investment, and saving land resources, with huge market space and development potential. Although the photovoltaic industry has enormous growth potential and good market prospects, it also faces many risks and challenges such as consumption problems and unstable income. Therefore, studying the economic viability of distributed photovoltaic projects is of great significance for making project investment decisions and promoting the sustainable development of the industry. This paper conducts the economic analysis of distributed photovoltaic power generation projects, calculates profitability analysis indicators such as financial internal rate of return (IRR) of project investment, financial net present value of project investment, and payback period of project investment. It also conducts preliminary sensitivity analysis on uncertain factors such as construction investment, operating revenue, and operating cost. It conducts in-depth sensitivity analysis on consumption, grid electricity price, and self-use electricity price, and proposes countermeasures to improve the economic efficiency of distributed photovoltaic power generation projects. The research results may provide reference and guidance for similar project investment decisions in more challenging investment environments in the future.
Current Status and Prospects of Dam Safety Monitoring Technology for Hydropower Stations
Authors: Jiang Bo , Fan Jinyong , Yang Fuxue , Chen Jian , Zhou Jun
Published: October 2024

The development of new technologies has greatly promoted the progress of dam safety monitoring technology, mainly reflected in the construction of monitoring norms and standards and technical applications. In terms of monitoring norms and standards construction, this paper mainly introduces the achievements made by China in the construction of monitoring norms and standards for dam safety. In terms of monitoring the application of new technologies, the improvement of monitoring technology and equipment perception is introduced, as well as the construction of monitoring system platforms. Finally, providing an outlook on the areas where current monitoring technologies need to be improved and enhanced.
Hydraulic Engineering Safety Platform Under Microservice Architecture - a Case of Shanmei Reservoir Renovation Project
Authors: Lin Yanyan , Ding Wei
Published: October 2024

The traditional centralized or monolithic application architecture can no longer meet the needs of modern hydraulic engineering safety supervision, especially when dealing with business expansion and system upgrades, it is easy to encounter bottlenecks. This paper designs a hydraulic engineering safety supervision platform based on microservice architecture. Firstly, the service partitioning was carried out by researching microservice partitioning methods and integrating them with the specific characteristics followed by a detailed introduction of the platform's implementation process. By applying microservice selection in Shanmei renovation project, it has been verified that the platform can significantly improve the efficiency and accuracy of safety monitoring, and provide flexible and scalable solutions for other hydraulic projects.
Exploring the Digital Twin System in Slope Engineering
Authors: Shu-yu Wu , Zheng-Gang Zhan , Huan-Chun Zhu , Yong-Fu Hu , Peng-Fei Li , Yong-Jun Deng
Published: October 2024

Failure to meet specific standards for slope stability conditions may result in the potential collapse of the slope, either partially or completely. The article focuses on slope engineering and examines the structure and components of a comprehensive digital twin system. It also explores the digital technologies used in this system and assesses its unique features and innovative applications in slope construction. The architecture of the digital twin system for rock slopes must cater to the requirements of multiple professionals, comprehensive process coverage, and data-centricity. It should ensure the separation of software and personnel, with key technologies such as 3D geological modeling and rapid updates, GIM+BIM coupling modeling, and challenging techniques like cutting and sealing. Independent innovation is crucial to address these key technologies. During the slope construction period, the digital twin system of rock slope is utilized to intelligently screen unstable blocks. This innovative approach has been successfully implemented and verified in numerous large-scale rock mass projects, with favorable implementation conditions.
Resilience of DBI screened objects and their ladder symmetries
Authors: Jiménez Jose Beltrán , Bettoni Dario , Brax Philippe
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Scalar field theories with a shift symmetry come equipped with the K-mouflage (or kinetic screening) mechanism that suppresses the scalar interaction between massive objects below a certain distance, the screening radius. In this work, we study the linear response of the scalar field distribution around a screened (point-like) object subject to a long range external scalar field perturbation for the Dirac-Born-Infeld theory. We find that, for regular boundary conditions at the position of the particle, some multipoles have vanishing response for a lacunar series of the multipole order ℓ for any dimension. Some multipoles also exhibit a logarithmic running when the number of spatial dimensions is even. We construct a ladder operator structure, with its associated ladder symmetries, formed by two sets of ladders that are related to the properties of the linear response and the existence of conserved charges. Our results exhibit a remarkable resemblance with the Love numbers properties of black holes in General Relativity, although some intriguing differences subsist.
Global aspects of 3-form gauge theory: implications for axion-Yang-Mills systems
Authors: Anber Mohamed M. , Chan Samson Y. L.
Published: October 2024

Abstract

We investigate the proposition that axion-Yang-Mills systems are characterized by a 3-form gauge theory in the deep infrared regime. This hypothesis is rigorously examined by initially developing a systematic framework for analyzing 3-form gauge theory coupled to an axion, specifically focusing on its global properties. The theory consists of a BF term deformed by marginal and irrelevant operators and describes a network of vacua separated by domain walls converging at the junction of an axion string. It encompasses 0- and 3-form spontaneously broken global symmetries. Utilizing this framework, in conjunction with effective field theory techniques and ’t Hooft anomaly-matching conditions, we argue that the 3-form gauge theory faithfully captures the infrared physics of the axion-Yang-Mills system. The ultraviolet theory is an SU(N) Yang-Mills theory endowed with a massless Dirac fermion coupled to a complex scalar and is characterized by chiral and genuine $$ {\mathbb{Z}}_m^{(1)} $$

ℤ
m

1

1-form center symmetries, with a mixed anomaly between them. It features two scales: the vev of the complex scalar, v, and the strong-coupling scale, Λ, with Λ ≪ v. Below v, the fermion decouples and a U(1)(2) 2-form winding symmetry emerge, while the 1-form symmetry is enhanced to $$ {\mathbb{Z}}_N^{(1)} $$

ℤ
N

1

. As we flow below Λ, matching the mixed anomaly necessitates introducing a dynamical 3-form gauge field of U(1)(2), which appears as the incarnation of a long-range tail of the color field. The infrared theory possesses spontaneously broken chiral and emergent 3-form global symmetries. It passes several checks, among which: it displays the expected restructuring in the hadronic sector upon transition between the vacua, and it is consistent under the gauging of the genuine $$ {\mathbb{Z}}_m^{(1)} $$

ℤ
m

1

⊂ $$ {\mathbb{Z}}_N^{(1)} $$

ℤ
N

1

symmetry.
Beta cell-specific PAK1 enrichment ameliorates diet-induced glucose intolerance in mice by promoting insulin biogenesis and minimising beta cell apoptosis
Authors: Ahn Miwon , Dhawan Sangeeta , McCown Erika M. , Garcia Pablo A. , Bhattacharya Supriyo , Stein Roland , Thurmond Debbie C.
Published: October 2024

Aims/hypothesis

p21 (CDC42/RAC1) activated kinase 1 (PAK1) is depleted in type 2 diabetic human islets compared with non-diabetic human islets, and acute PAK1 restoration in the islets can restore insulin secretory function ex vivo. We hypothesised that beta cell-specific PAK1 enrichment in vivo can mitigate high-fat-diet (HFD)-induced glucose intolerance by increasing the functional beta cell mass.

Methods

Human islets expressing exogenous PAK1 specifically in beta cells were used for bulk RNA-seq. Human EndoC-βH1 cells overexpressing myc-tagged PAK1 were used for chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and ChIP-sequencing (ChIP-seq). Novel doxycycline-inducible beta cell-specific PAK1-expressing (iβPAK1-Tg) mice were fed a 45% HFD pre-induction for 3 weeks and for a further 3 weeks with or without doxycycline induction. These HFD-fed mice were evaluated for GTT, ITT, 6 h fasting plasma insulin and blood glucose, body composition, islet insulin content and apoptosis.

Results

Beta cell-specific PAK1 enrichment in type 2 diabetes human islets resulted in decreased beta cell apoptosis and increased insulin content. RNA-seq showed an upregulation of INS gene transcription by PAK1. Using clonal human beta cells, we found that PAK1 protein was localised in the cytoplasm and the nucleus. ChIP studies revealed that nuclear PAK1 enhanced pancreatic and duodenal homeobox1 (PDX1) and neuronal differentiation 1 (NEUROD1) binding to the INS promoter in a glucose-responsive manner. Importantly, the iβPAK1-Tg mice, when challenged with HFD and doxycycline induction displayed enhanced glucose tolerance, increased islet insulin content and reduced beta cell apoptosis when compared with iβPAK1-Tg mice without doxycycline induction.

Conclusions/interpretation

PAK1 plays an unforeseen and beneficial role in beta cells by promoting insulin biogenesis via enhancing the expression of PDX1, NEUROD1 and INS, along with anti-apoptotic effects, that culminate in increased insulin content and beta cell mass in vivo and ameliorate diet-induced glucose intolerance.

Data availability

The raw and processed RNA-seq data and ChIP-seq data, which has been made publicly available at Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/, can be accessed in GSE239382.

Graphical Abstract
A new Bayesian method for estimation of value at risk and conditional value at risk
Authors: Martín Jacinto , Parra M. Isabel , Pizarro Mario M. , Sanjuán Eva L.
Published: October 2024

Value at Risk (VaR) and Conditional Value at Risk (CVaR) have become the most popular measures of market risk in Financial and Insurance fields. However, the estimation of both risk measures is challenging, because it requires the knowledge of the tail of the distribution. Therefore, Extreme Value Theory initially seemed to be one of the best tools for this kind of problems, because using peaks-over-threshold method, we can assume the tail data approximately follow a Generalized Pareto distribution (GPD). The main objection to its use is that it only employs observations over the threshold, which are usually scarce. With the aim of improving the inference process, we propose a new Bayesian method that computes estimates built with all the information available. Informative prior Bayesian (IPB) method employs the existing relations between the parameters of the loss distribution and the parameters of the GPD that models the tail data to define informative priors in order to perform Metropolis–Hastings algorithm. We show how to apply IPB when the distribution of the observations is Exponential, stable or Gamma, to make inference and predictions. .Afterwards, we perform a thorough simulation study to compare the accuracy and precision of the estimates computed by IPB and the most employed methods to estimate VaR and CVaR. Results show that IPB provides the most accurate, precise and least biased estimates, especially when there are very few tail data. Finally, data from two real examples are analysed to show the practical application of the method.
Evaluation of colorectal liver metastases using virtual monoenergetic images obtained from dual-layer spectral computed tomography
Authors: Bae Jae Seok , Yoon Jeong Hee , Kim Jae Hyun , Han Seungchul , Park Sungeun , Kim Se Woo
Published: October 2024

Purpose

To assess the potential of virtual monoenergetic images in assessing colorectal liver metastasis (CRLM) compared with conventional CT images.

Methods

This single-center, retrospective study included 173 consecutive patients (mean age, 65.5 ± 10.6 years; 106 men) who underwent dual-layer spectral CT (DLSCT) between November 2016 and April 2021. Portal venous phase images were reconstructed using hybrid iterative reconstruction (iDose) and virtual monoenergetic imaging at 50 keV. Four radiologists independently and randomly reviewed the de-identified iDose and 50 keV images. Lesion detection, CRLM conspicuity, and CRLM diagnosis were compared between these images using a generalized estimating equation analysis. The reference standards used were histopathology and follow-up imaging findings.

Results

The study included 797 focal liver lesions, including 463 CRLMs (median size, 18.1 mm [interquartile range, 10.9–37.7 mm]). Lesion detection was better with 50 keV images than with iDose images (45.0% [95% confidence interval [CI]: 39–50] vs 40.0% [95% CI: 34–46], P = 0.003). CRLM conspicuity was higher in the 50 keV images than in the iDose images (3.27 [95% CI: 3.09–3.46] vs 3.09 [95% CI: 2.90–3.28], P < 0.001). However, the specificity for diagnosing CRLM was lower with 50 keV images than with iDose images (94.5% [95% CI: 91.6–96.4] vs 96.0% [95% CI: 93.2–98.1], P = 0.022), whereas sensitivity did not differ significantly (77.6% [95% CI: 70.3–83.5] vs 76.9% [95% CI: 70.0–82.7], P = 0.736). Indeterminate lesions were more frequently noted in 50 keV images than in iDose images (13% [445/3188] vs 9% [313/3188], P = 0.005), and 56% (247/445) of the indeterminate lesions at 50 keV were not CRLMs.

Conclusion

The 50 keV images obtained from DLSCT were better than the iDose images in terms of CRLM conspicuity and lesion detection. However, 50 keV images did not improve CRLM diagnosis but slightly increased the reporting of indeterminate focal liver lesions associated with CRLMs.
Different prognosis according to treatment in patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia: How the outcome changed over time
Authors: Scalzulli Emilia , Costa Alessandro , Carmosino Ida , Musiu Paolo , Bisegna Maria Laura , De Propris Maria Stefania , Ielo Claudia , Diverio Daniela , Minotti Clara , Capria Saveria , Latagliata Roberto , Martelli Maurizio , Breccia Massimo
Published: October 2024

A comprehensive analysis of 220 patients diagnosed with APL between 1993 and 2022 is here reported. Overall, 214 patients (97.2%) received induction therapy. Complete response (CR) was achieved in 97.4%, 100%, 100%, and 27% of patients treated with AIDA protocol, AIDA + Ara-C, ATRA + ATO, and ATRA monotherapy, respectively. Molecular complete response (CRMRD-) was achieved in 96.8% cases, and 142 patients proceeded to maintenance therapy. Overall, the 3-year and 5-year overall survival (OS) rates were 80.8% (95% CI, 78.1–83.5) and 79.1% (95% CI, 76.4–81.8), respectively. Considering only patients who completed induction and maintenance therapy, the 5-year OS rates were 82.1% (95% CI, 77.5–86.7) for the AIDA0493 cohort, 87.5% (95% CI, 84.4–91.1) for the AIDA2000 cohort, and 100% for the APL0406 cohort (p = 0.044). Additionally, the disease-free survival (DFS) rates were 65.7% (95% CI, 60.4–70.9), 70% (95% CI, 65.8–75.2), and 95.1% (95% CI, 91.7–98.5) (p = 0.016), respectively. Among low and intermediate-risk patients, age > 70 years (p = 0.027) and relapse (p < 0.001) were significantly associated with reduced outcomes. This study contributes to the advancement of our understanding of APL treatment, underscoring the ongoing need for research to enhance outcomes and explore new therapeutic approaches and prognostic factors.
Skin-friction from temperature and velocity data around a wall-mounted cube
Authors: Miozzi Massimo , Schröder Andreas , Schanz Daniel , Willert Christian E. , Klein Christian , Lemarechal Jonathan
Published: October 2024

This paper reports an algorithm for measuring the time-averaged skin friction vector field $$\overline{\pmb {\tau }}(\pmb {X})$$

τ

¯

(

X

)

starting from time-resolved temperature maps, acquired by a functional coating of temperature-sensitive paint. The algorithm is applied to a large area around a wall-mounted cube, immersed in the turbulent boundary layer over a flat plate. The method adopts a relaxed version of the Taylor Hypothesis operating on time-resolved maps of temperature fluctuations $$T'$$

T
′

measured on the slightly warmer bounding surface. The procedure extracts $${\overline{U}}_T(\pmb {X})$$

U
¯

T

(

X

)

, the celerity of displacement of $$T'$$

T
′

, as the best approximation of the forecasting provided by the frozen turbulence assumption near the wall, where its rigorous application is inappropriate. The $$\overline{\pmb {\tau }}(\pmb {X})$$

τ

¯

(

X

)

estimation is based on the hypothesis of a linear relationship between $${\overline{U}}_T(\pmb {X})$$

U
¯

T

(

X

)

and $${\overline{U}}_U(\pmb {X})$$

U
¯

U

(

X

)

, chained to the one between $${\overline{U}}_U(\pmb {X})$$

U
¯

U

(

X

)

and $${\overline{U}}_\tau (\pmb {X})$$

U
¯

τ

(

X

)

. We assess the outcomes of the proposed algorithm against those derived by the 2D and 3D Lagrangian particle tracking (LPT) methodology ’Shake-The-Box’, whose advent has made available high-quality near-wall flow field information. Furthermore, data from high-density 2D time-resolved LPT allows exploring the suitability of the linear relationships chain between $${\overline{U}}_T(\pmb {X})$$

U
¯

T

(

X

)

and $${\overline{U}}_\tau (\pmb {X})$$

U
¯

τ

(

X

)

in the proposed context.
Oxidative stress initiates hemodynamic change in CKD-induced heart disease
Authors: Sen Payel , Hamers Jules , Sittig Theresa , Shashikadze Bachuki , d’Ambrosio Laura , Stöckl Jan B. , Bierschenk Susanne , Zhang Hengliang , d’Alessio Chiara , Zandbergen Lotte M. , Pauly Valerie , Clauss Sebastian , Wolf Eckhard , Dendorfer Andreas , Fröhlich Thomas , Merkus Daphne
Published: October 2024

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) predisposes to cardiac remodeling and coronary microvascular dysfunction. Studies in swine identified changes in microvascular structure and function, as well as changes in mitochondrial structure and oxidative stress. However, CKD was combined with metabolic derangement, thereby obscuring the contribution of CKD alone. Therefore, we studied the impact of CKD on the heart and combined proteome studies with measurement of cardiac function and perfusion to identify processes involved in cardiac remodeling in CKD. CKD was induced in swine at 10–12 weeks of age while sham-operated swine served as controls. 5–6 months later, left ventricular (LV) function and coronary flow reserve were measured. LC–MS–MS-based proteomic analysis of LV tissue was performed. LV myocardium and kidneys were histologically examined for interstitial fibrosis and oxidative stress. Renal embolization resulted in mild chronic kidney injury (increased fibrosis and urinary NGAL). PV loops showed LV dilation and increased wall stress, while preload recruitable stroke work was impaired in CKD. Quantitative proteomic analysis of LV myocardium and STRING pre-ranked functional analysis showed enrichments in pathways related to contractile function, reactive oxygen species, and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, which were confirmed histologically and associated with impaired total anti-oxidant capacity. H2O2 exposure of myocardial slices from CKD, but not normal swine, impaired contractile function. Furthermore, in CKD, mitochondrial proteins were downregulated suggesting mitochondrial dysfunction which was associated with higher basal coronary blood flow. Thus, mild CKD induces alterations in mitochondrial proteins along with contractile proteins, oxidative stress and ECM remodeling, that were associated with changes in cardiac function and perfusion.
Correlation of revision rate of unicompartmental knee arthroplasty with total knee arthroplasty: a meta-analysis of clinical studies and worldwide arthroplasty registers
Authors: Obermayr Stephan , Klasan Antonio , Rasic Laura , Hauer Georg , Leitner Lukas , Leithner Andreas , Sadoghi Patrick
Published: October 2024

Introduction

The purpose of this study was to elucidate differences and similarities in revision rates amongst studies and national registers featuring total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA). Thereby comparability and reproducibility between study and register findings should be created.

Materials and Methods

Clinical studies published between 2004 and September 2023 involving TKA or UKA were reviewed for total arthroplasty numbers, revision rates and demographic data. Findings were calculated as “revisions per 100 component years (CY)” and divided according to the nationality of the center. National arthroplasty registers were searched for numbers of arthroplasties and revisions alongside with demographic data. Revision rates in registers were compared to one another and comparison to revision rates from collected studies was drawn.

Results

After evaluation, 98 studies and seven registers met our inclusion criteria and were included in this study. Cumulative percent revision rate in studies was 3.35% after a mean follow-up of 5.7 years, corresponding to 0.71 revisions per 100 CY for TKA and 7.67% after a mean follow-up of 4.9 years, corresponding to 1.3 revisions per 100 CY for UKA. Registers showed mean overall revision rates of 5.63% for TKA and 11.04% for UKA.

Conclusions

A positive correlation of revision rates of TKA and UKA in studies and registers was found, with overall revision rates of UKA comparted to TKA being 2.29 times higher in clinical studies and 1.96 times higher in registers. Revision rates in registers were 1.56 times higher than presented in clinical studies.
Foveal hyper-reflective vertical lines detected by optical coherence tomography: Imaging features, literature review and differential diagnoses
Authors: Rein Adi Porat , Totah Hashem , Brosh Koby , Zadok David , Hanhart Joel
Published: October 2024

Purpose

To describe foveal hyper-reflective vertical lines (FVL) as a specific morphological finding on structural spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and discuss its differential diagnosis.

Methods

Observational case series. Ten patients (10 eyes) with FVL were meticulously examined at the Ophthalmology Department, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel. Detailed analysis of SD-OCT findings, clinical records, and retinal imaging was conducted to establish correlations between FVL and various underlying conditions.

Results

We established the following list of settings, supported by the clinical context and ancillary investigations, in which SD-OCT displayed FVL: inflammation (1 eye), mechanical (1 eye), resorption of fluids of various origins (4 eyes), macular telangiectasia (1 eye), age-related macular degeneration (1 eye), diabetic retinopathy (1 eye) and scar (1 eye).

Conclusions

FVL can be observed in various underlying conditions. Recognition of this pattern and formulation of an appropriate differential diagnosis is of interest for correctly diagnosing and treating patients whose structural OCT harbors this yet overlooked finding.
A machine learning approach to fill gaps in dendrometer data
Authors: Kuhl Eileen , Ziaco Emanuele , Esper Jan , Konter Oliver , Martinez del Castillo Edurne
Published: October 2024

Key message

The machine learning algorithm extreme gradient boosting can be employed to address the issue of long data gaps in individual trees, without the need for additional tree-growth data or climatic variables.

The susceptibility of dendrometer devices to technical failures often makes time-series analyses challenging. Resulting data gaps decrease sample size and complicate time-series comparison and integration. Existing methods either focus on bridging smaller gaps, are dependent on data from other trees or rely on climate parameters. In this study, we test eight machine learning (ML) algorithms to fill gaps in dendrometer data of individual trees in urban and non-urban environments. Among these algorithms, extreme gradient boosting (XGB) demonstrates the best skill to bridge artificially created gaps throughout the growing seasons of individual trees. The individual tree models are suited to fill gaps up to 30 consecutive days and perform particularly well at the start and end of the growing season. The method is independent of climate input variables or dendrometer data from neighbouring trees. The varying limitations among existing approaches call for cross-comparison of multiple methods and visual control. Our findings indicate that ML is a valid approach to fill gaps in individual trees, which can be of particular importance in situations of limited inter-tree co-variance, such as in urban environments.
Enhancing groundwater management with GRACE-based groundwater estimates from GLDAS-2.2: a case study of the Almonte-Marismas aquifer, Spain
Authors: Guardiola-Albert C. , Naranjo-Fernández N. , Rivera-Rivera J. S. , Gómez Fontalva J. M. , Aguilera H. , Ruiz-Bermudo F. , Rodríguez-Rodríguez M.
Published: October 2024

The Almonte-Marismas aquifer, southwestern Spain, is a critical ecohydrogeological system that features extensive groundwater monitoring. This study investigates the utility of gravity recovery and climate experiment (GRACE) satellite data, specifically obtained from the global land data assimilation system (GLDAS) version 2.2, for assessing groundwater storage variations in the Almonte-Marismas aquifer. The presented research emphasizes the practical application of readily available GLDAS products that do not require data preprocessing. The study validates the GLDAS-2.2-based ready-to-use groundwater storage (GWS) time series by correlating it with precipitation and piezometric information, highlighting its effectiveness in medium-scale aquifers. The results reveal a strong agreement between GLDAS-2.2-derived GWS anomalies and in-situ measurements, confirming GLDAS-2.2’s potential for assessing aquifer depletion. The study discusses the consistency of seasonal variations in groundwater levels and GLDAS-2.2 data, emphasizing their close alignment with precipitation and pumping activities. Importantly, the study introduces GLDAS-2.2-derived volumetric groundwater storage (VGWS) as a valuable calibration parameter for numerical groundwater flow models, enhancing their accuracy over time. Moreover, the analysis reveals disparities in annual recharge values between GLDAS-2.2-derived data and the soil-water mass balance. These variations suggest the importance of additional inputs to precipitation, possibly related to subsurface or lateral connections. Overall, this study contributes to the ongoing discourse on the practical applications of GLDAS-2.2-derived GWS data in groundwater management, offering insights into its effectiveness in diverse hydrogeological settings, particularly in areas that lack monitoring infrastructure.
Hidden-Markov models for ordinal time series
Authors: H. Weiß Christian , Swidan Osama
Published: October 2024

A common approach for modeling categorical time series is Hidden-Markov models (HMMs), where the actual observations are assumed to depend on hidden states in their behavior and transitions. Such categorical HMMs are even applicable to nominal data but suffer from a large number of model parameters. In the ordinal case, however, the natural order among the categorical outcomes offers the potential to reduce the number of parameters while improving their interpretability at the same time. The class of ordinal HMMs proposed in this article link a latent-variable approach with categorical HMMs. They are characterized by parametric parsimony and allow the easy calculation of relevant stochastic properties, such as marginal and bivariate probabilities. These points are illustrated by numerical examples and simulation experiments, where the performance of maximum likelihood estimation is analyzed in finite samples. The developed methodology is applied to real-world data from a health application.
Early warning and dynamics of compound rockslides: lessons learnt from the Brienz/Brinzauls 2023 rockslope failure
Authors: Loew Simon , Schneider Stefan , Josuran Michael , Figi Daniel , Thoeny Reto , Huwiler Andreas , Largiadèr Andri , Naenni Christoph
Published: October 2024

Prediction of rockslope dynamic evolution and catastrophic failure remains a fundamental challenge for scientists and practitioners, even though this topic has been studied for decades. Here we report about a case in the Swiss Alps, which has received worldwide attention, not only because a village was evacuated on May 12, 2023, and traffic corridors were progressively closed prior to the slope collapse, but also because this site had been studied and monitored with unprecedented detail during many years before failure. In 2023 the structural and dynamic evolution of the 2 million m3 suspended compound rockslide at Brienz/Brinzauls was closely monitored with diverse ground-based systems and continuously modeled with Voight’s creep law. Substantial deviations from this classical failure model were observed, which are in most cases not related to variations in external driving factors, but diverse internal strength degradation processes. This led to a systematic analysis of Voight’s model uncertainty and the development of an early warning system which includes supplementary early warning parameters to the classical velocity thresholds. We show how to treat the spatial and temporal variations of velocity thresholds and when they reach their applicability limit in a real-time early warning model. The unstable compartment at Brienz/Brinzauls progressively collapsed in the night of June 15, 2023, and generated a series of dry granular flows and rock mass falls, which just stopped at the Brienz settlement boundary.
Effect of sprayable, highly adhesive hydrophobized gelatin microparticles on esophageal stenosis after endoscopic submucosal dissection: an experimental study in a swine model
Authors: Yano Hiroki , Sasaki Fumisato , Maeda Hidehito , Uehara Shohei , Kabayama Masayuki , Fujino Yusuke , Tanaka Akihito , Hinokuchi Makoto , Arima Shiho , Hashimoto Shinichi , Kanmura Shuji , Ito Shima , Nishiguchi Akihiro , Taguchi Tetsushi , Ido Akio
Published: October 2024

Background

Esophageal mucosal resection for superficial esophageal cancer can lead to postoperative esophageal stricture, with current preventive measures being insufficient. Sprayable wound dressings containing hydrophobized microparticles exhibit strong adhesion. This study aimed to investigate the preventive effects of hydrophobized microparticles on esophageal stenosis following endoscopic submucosal dissection.

Methods

Circumferential esophageal endoscopic submucosal dissection was performed on miniature swine (n = 6). Swine were categorized into two groups: those sprayed with hydrophobized microparticles (sprayed group) and those not sprayed (non-sprayed group). Hydrophobized microparticles were sprayed onto the sprayed group on Days 0, 3, and 7 of endoscopic submucosal dissection. The non-sprayed group underwent endoscopy on the same days. Esophageal stricture rate, submucosal inflammatory cell infiltration, submucosal fibrosis, and thickening of the muscular layer were compared between the groups on Day 14 of endoscopic submucosal dissection.

Results

Spraying of hydrophobized microparticles was easily performed using an existing endoscopic spraying device. The esophageal stricture rate was significantly lower in the sprayed group than in the non-sprayed group (76.1% versus 90.6%, p < 0.05). The sprayed group showed suppression of inflammatory cell infiltration in the submucosal layer (p < 0.01) and thickening of the muscular layer (p < 0.01).

Conclusions

Sprayable tissue-adhesive hydrophobized microparticles reduce the stricture rate after esophageal ESD by inhibiting inflammatory cell infiltration, submucosal fibrosis, and thickening of the muscular layer. The use of hydrophobized microparticles for preventing post-endoscopic submucosal dissection esophageal stenosis offers a promising avenue for clinical applications in endoscopic procedures, potentially improving patient outcomes.