bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
STRUCTURED INFLUENZA MODEL FOR META-POPULATION
Authors: GOJOVIĆ MARIJA ŽIVKOVIĆ , LIANG DONG , WU JIANHONG
Published: January 2010

We present a mathematical model parameterized to simulate the 1918 pandemic and modified to account for today's achievements in medical care and technology. Our goal is to use the model with carefully selected parameters to analyze and simulate different scenarios in a changing environment including behavior changes and reduction of mobility as the disease progresses. The model is structured by the disease age, representing the time elapsed since the exposure to influenza infection, and most of the parameters used in this study are thus disease-age dependent. We also consider the case where an influenza pandemic affects two distinct regions, connected only through controlled mobility. We evaluate the influence of different control measures on temporal patterns of disease dynamics and consider the impact of the movement of disease age structured population on spatial spread. A special example is examined that considers different scenarios of disease spread between Canada and USA when different border control strategies are implemented.
Kinetics and Determining Factors of the Virologic Response to Antiretrovirals during Pregnancy
Authors: Weinberg Adriana , Harwood Jeri E. F. , McFarland Elizabeth J. , Pappas Jennifer , Davies Jill , Kinzie Kay , Barr Emily , Paul Suzanne , Salbenblatt Carol , Soda Elizabeth , Vazquez Anna , Peloquin Charles A. , Levin Myron J.
Published: January 2010

HIV-infected pregnant women with undetectable plasma HIV RNA concentrations at delivery pose a minimal risk of vertical transmission. We studied the kinetics and the determinants of the virologic response to antiretroviral therapy in 117 consecutive pregnancies. Patients who initiated therapy during pregnancy had a VL decrease of 2 and 2.5log10after 4 and 24 weeks, respectively. Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of the protease inhibitors administered in doses recommended for nonpregnant adults resulted in below-target concentrations in 29%, 35%, and 44% of 1st, 2nd, and 3rd trimester measurements, respectively, but low drug concentrations did not correlate with virologic failure. Demographic characteristics, antiretroviral experience prior to pregnancy, baseline VL, or use of specific antiretrovirals did not affect the virologic response. Adherence to≥95% of prescribed doses and utilization of psychosocial services were associated with undetectable plasma HIV RNA at delivery. In conclusion, the virologic responses of pregnant and nonpregnant adults share similar charactersitics.
Liver Injury with Features Mimicking Autoimmune Hepatitis following the Use of Black Cohosh
Authors: Guzman Grace , Kallwitz Eric R. , Wojewoda Christina , Chennuri Rohini , Berkes Jamie , Layden Thomas J. , Cotler Scott J.
Published: January 2010

There are a growing number of cases detailing acute hepatic necrosis in patients taking black cohosh (Cimicifuga racemosa), an over-the-counter herbal supplement for management of menopausal symptoms. Our aim is to illustrate two cases of liver injury following the use of black cohosh characterized by histopathological features mimicking autoimmune hepatitis. Both patients reported black cohosh use for at least six months and had no evidence of another cause of liver disease. Their liver biopsies showed a component of centrilobular necrosis consistent with severe drug-induced liver injury. In addition, the biopsies showed characteristics of autoimmune-like liver injury with an interface hepatitis dominated by plasma cells. Although serum markers for autoimmune hepatitis were not particularly elevated, both patients responded to corticosteroids, supporting an immune-mediated component to the liver injury. Liver injury following the use of black cohosh should be included in the list of differential diagnoses for chronic hepatitis with features mimicking autoimmune hepatitis.
OXavidin for Tissue Targeting Biotinylated Therapeutics
Authors: De Santis Rita , Albertoni Claudio , Rosi Antonio , Leoni Barbara , Petronzelli Fiorella , D′Alessio Valeria , Nucera Eleonora , Salvatori Giovanni , Paganelli Giovanni , Verdoliva Antonio , Carminati Paolo , Nuzzolo Carlo Antonio
Published: January 2010

Avidin is a glycoprotein from hen egg white that binds biotin with very high affinity. Here we describe OXavidin, a product containing aldehyde groups, obtained by ligand‐assisted sugar oxidation of avidin by sodium periodate. OXavidin chemically reacts with cellular and tissue proteins through Schiff′s base formation thus residing in tissues for weeks while preserving the biotin binding capacity. The long tissue residence of OXavidin as well as that of OXavidin/biotinylated agent complex occurs in normal and neoplastic tissues and immunohistochemistry shows a strong and homogenous stromal localization. Once localized in tissue/tumor, OXavidin becomes an “artificial receptor” for intravenous injected biotin allowing tumor targeting with biotinylated therapeutics like radioisotopes or toxins. Moreover, present data also suggest that OXavidin might be useful for the homing of biotinylated cells. Overall, OXavidin exhibits a remarkable potential for many different therapeutic applications.
Germline Mutations and Polymorphisms in the Origins of Cancers in Women
Authors: Hirshfield Kim M. , Rebbeck Timothy R. , Levine Arnold J.
Published: January 2010

Several female malignancies including breast, ovarian, and endometrial cancers can be characterized based on known somatic and germline mutations. Initiation and propagation of tumors reflect underlying genomic alterations such as mutations, polymorphisms, and copy number variations found in genes of multiple cellular pathways. The contributions of any single genetic variation or mutation in a population depend on its frequency and penetrance as well as tissue-specific functionality. Genome wide association studies, fluorescence in situ hybridization, comparative genomic hybridization, and candidate gene studies have enumerated genetic contributors to cancers in women. These include p53, BRCA1, BRCA2, STK11, PTEN, CHEK2, ATM, BRIP1, PALB2, FGFR2, TGFB1, MDM2, MDM4 as well as several other chromosomal loci. Based on the heterogeneity within a specific tumor type, a combination of genomic alterations defines the cancer subtype, biologic behavior, and in some cases, response to therapeutics. Consideration of tumor heterogeneity is therefore important in the critical analysis of gene associations in cancer.
The Unexpected Role for the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor on Susceptibility to Experimental Toxoplasmosis
Authors: Sanchez Yuriko , de Dios Rosado Juan , Vega Libia , Elizondo Guillermo , Estrada-Muñiz Elizabeth , Saavedra Rafael , Juárez Imelda , Rodríguez-Sosa Miriam
Published: January 2010

The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is part of a signaling system that is mainly triggered by xenobiotic agents. Increasing evidence suggests that AhR may regulate immunity to infections. To determine the role of AhR in the outcome of toxoplasmosis, we used AhR-/- and wild-type (WT) mice. Following an intraperitoneal infection withToxoplasma gondii(T. gondii), AhR-/- mice succumbed significantly faster than WT mice and displayed greater liver damage as well as higher serum levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, nitric oxide (NO), and IgE but lower IL-10 secretion. Interestingly, lower numbers of cysts were found in their brains. Increased mortality was associated with reduced expression of GATA-3, IL-10, and 5-LOX mRNA in spleen cells but higher expression of IFN-γmRNA. Additionally, peritoneal exudate cells from AhR-/- mice produced higher levels of IL-12 and IFN-γbut lower TLR2 expression than WT mice. These findings suggest a role for AhR in limiting the inflammatory response during toxoplasmosis.
Attitude to Secondary Prevention and Concerns about Colonoscopy Are Independent Predictors of Acceptance of Screening Colonoscopy
Authors: Ziegler Matthias , Schubring-Giese Bodo , Bühner Markus , Kolligs Frank Thomas
Published: January 2010

Background: Colonoscopy in combination with endoscopic polypectomy has been shown to be an efficient measure for reducing colorectal cancer incidence. In Germany, a colorectal cancer screening program based on colonoscopy for individuals aged 55 and above was introduced in 2002. However, for largely unknown reasons, participation rates remain low. The purpose of this study was to identify factors influencing compliance with colorectal cancer screening. Methods: A structured survey of 239 individuals aged 55–79 years was performed. Statistical analysis included χ2 test, t test, principal component analysis, and logistic regression. Results: 56% of previously screened, but only 26% of non-screened individuals had received a recommendation to undergo screening colonoscopy. 50% of the non-screened believed a screening colonoscopy should only be performed in case of complaints. Univariate analysis identified participation in any secondary prevention measures (p < 0.001), concerns about colonoscopy (p < 0.012), and knowledge about colorectal cancer (p < 0.001) as critical issues distinguishing between groups. Multivariate analysis revealed that secondary prevention (p < 0.001) and concerns about colonoscopy (p = 0.026) were independent predictors of compliance with screening recommendations. Conclusion: Our survey has identified critical factors deterring compliance with colorectal cancer screening recommendations. This will help to direct future campaigns in order to increase participation in colorectal cancer screening.
Leptin Promotes Gastric Ulcer Healing via Upregulation of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor
Authors: Tanigawa Tetsuya , Watanabe Toshio , Otani Koji , Nadatani Yuji , Machida Hirohisa , Okazaki Hirotoshi , Yamagami Hirokazu , Watanabe Kenji , Tominaga Kazunari , Fujiwara Yasuhiro , Oshitani Nobuhide , Higuchi Kazuhide , Arakawa Tetsuo
Published: January 2010

Background and Aim: Leptin, a key hormone in regulation of food intake and energy expenditure, exerts pleiotropic cytokine-like biological effects. Its role in gastric ulcer healing is unclear. In this study, we investigated the role of leptin in gastric ulcer healing. Methods: Experimental gastric ulcer was induced by focal serosal application of acetic acid in leptin-deficient ob/ob mice and wild-type mice. Healing of gastric ulcer and angiogenesis in the ulcer tissue was evaluated. Results: Gastric ulcer healing was delayed in ob/ob mice compared with that in wild-type mice. The impairment of ulcer healing observed in ob/ob mice was characterized by reduced expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and impairment of angiogenesis. Systemic administration of leptin to ob/ob mice reversed the impairment of gastric ulcer healing; this reversal was accompanied by an increase in VEGF expression and angiogenesis. Although mRNA for leptin was not expressed in normal gastric mucosa and not induced in ulcerous tissue, leptin receptor expression was markedly upregulated in gastric epithelial cells at ulcer margins, and was colocalized with VEGF. Conclusion: These findings suggest that leptin promotes gastric ulcer healing by induction of angiogenesis in the granular tissue of ulcers via upregulation of VEGF expression.
Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of C57BL/6 Mouse Inner Ear during Development
Authors: Chi Fang-Lu , Han Zhao , Dai Pei-Dong , Huang Yi-Bo , Cong Ning , Li Wen
Published: January 2010

Purpose: To explore the three-dimensional (3-D) morphological characteristics of the complicated inner ear development of the C57BL/6 mouse. Methods: Specimens of C57BL/6 mouse embryos on days E7.5, E8.5, E9.5, E10.5, E11.5, E12.5 and E14.5 were collected and sectioned serially in this experiment. After hematoxylin and eosin staining, parts of the inner ear were pictured under the microscope with specific positional control. Using the protocol of 3D-DOCTOR software, we outlined the inner ear margin including the inner and extra face in different colors and put them into the 3-D program to reconstruct the 3-D model. Results: 3-D models of the E9.5, E10.5, E11.5, E12.5 and E14.5 inner ear were obtained and proved to be fine. Different parts of the inner ear were shown clearly in different colors in the 3-D model and significant morphological changes of the inner ear were shown during development between E9.5 and E14.5. Conclusion: The new technology of 3-D reconstruction is a useful and important tool to directly observe the complex development of the inner ear, and the development between E9.5 and E14.5 has been proved by the 3-D model to be the most complex and important period of the development of the C57BL/6 mouse inner ear.
Safety, Tolerability and Biological Effects of Long-Term Metronomic Administration of Non-Cytotoxic Anti-Angiogenic Agents
Authors: Noberasco Cristina , Spitaleri Gianluca , Mancuso Patrizia , Zorzino Laura , Radice Davide , Milani Alessandra , Rocca Andrea , Bertolini Francesco , Sandri Maria Teresa , Curigliano Giuseppe , de Pas Tommaso , Jemos Costantino , Omodeo Salè Emanuela , Boselli Sabrina , de Braud Filippo
Published: January 2010

Background: α-Interferon, thalidomide and celecoxib inhibit tumour angiogenesis by differing mechanisms. Patients and Methods: In a randomized phase II trial to assess tolerability and safety, we assigned patients with advanced slow-growing solid tumours to 1 of 6 two- or three-drug combinations: α-interferon 0.5 million IU b.i.d., thalidomide (100 mg b.i.d. reduced to 100 mg daily), or celecoxib (400 mg daily reduced to 200 mg). Circulating endothelial cells and progenitors (CECs, CEPs) and vascular endothelial growth factor were also studied. Results: From January 2002 to September 2005, 62 patients were enrolled. Four months after initiating treatment, 3 (4%) had partial response, 40 (64%) had stable disease and 19 (30%) had disease progression. Median duration of clinical benefit (partial response/stable disease) was 11.3 months. Patients receiving a third drug had significantly less stable disease plus partial response (χ2 test, p = 0.002) than those receiving two drugs. The treatments were generally well tolerated, but neurotoxicity (G3 lethargy) occurred in 6 patients. Baseline CEPs were lower (p = 0.004) in patients with clinical benefit at 6 months than those without benefit. After 2 months of treatment CECs were lower than at baseline (p = 0.018) in patients without clinical benefit, and CEPs were higher than at baseline (p = 0.003) in patients with benefit. Conclusions: In pretreated patients with advanced slow-growing solid tumours, long-term metronomic administration of two-drug combinations of α-interferon, thalidomide or celecoxib was well tolerated and had antitumour activity. Low baseline CEPs in patients with subsequent clinical benefit suggest that CEC count may identify patients likely to benefit from long-term metronomic anti-angiogenic treatment.
Broad-Coverage Parsing Using Human-Like Memory Constraints
Authors: Schuler William , AbdelRahman Samir , Miller Tim , Schwartz Lane
Published: January 2010

Human syntactic processing shows many signs of taking place within a general-purpose short-term memory. But this kind of memory is known to have a severely constrained storage capacity—possibly constrained to as few as three or four distinct elements. This article describes a model of syntactic processing that operates successfully within these severe constraints, by recognizing constituents in a right-corner transformed representation (a variant of left-corner parsing) and mapping this representation to random variables in a Hierarchic Hidden Markov Model, a factored time-series model which probabilistically models the contents of a bounded memory store over time. Evaluations of the coverage of this model on a large syntactically annotated corpus of English sentences, and the accuracy of a a bounded-memory parsing strategy based on this model, suggest this model may be cognitively plausible.
A Graph-Theoretic Framework for Semantic Distance
Authors: Tsang Vivian , Stevenson Suzanne
Published: January 2010

Many NLP applications entail that texts are classified based on their semantic distance (how similar or different the texts are). For example, comparing the text of a new document to that of documents of known topics can help identify the topic of the new text. Typically, a distributional distance is used to capture the implicit semantic distance between two pieces of text. However, such approaches do not take into account the semantic relations between words. In this article, we introduce an alternative method of measuring the semantic distance between texts that integrates distributional information and ontological knowledge within a network flow formalism. We first represent each text as a collection of frequency-weighted concepts within an ontology. We then make use of a network flow method which provides an efficient way of explicitly measuring the frequency-weighted ontological distance between the concepts across two texts. We evaluate our method in a variety of NLP tasks, and find that it performs well on two of three tasks. We develop a new measure of semantic coherence that enables us to account for the performance difference across the three data sets, shedding light on the properties of a data set that lends itself well to our method.
Summarizing Short Stories
Authors: Kazantseva Anna , Szpakowicz Stan
Published: January 2010

We present an approach to the automatic creation of extractive summaries of literary short stories. The summaries are produced with a specific objective in mind: to help a reader decide whether she would be interested in reading the complete story. To this end, the summaries give the user relevant information about the setting of the story without revealing its plot. The system relies on assorted surface indicators about clauses in the short story, the most important of which are those related to the aspectual type of a clause and to the main entities in a story. Fifteen judges evaluated the summaries on a number of extrinsic and intrinsic measures. The outcome of this evaluation suggests that the summaries are helpful in achieving the original objective.
The Noisy Channel Model for Unsupervised Word Sense Disambiguation
Authors: Yuret Deniz , Yatbaz Mehmet Ali
Published: January 2010

We introduce a generative probabilistic model, the noisy channel model, for unsupervised word sense disambiguation. In our model, each context C is modeled as a distinct channel through which the speaker intends to transmit a particular meaning S using a possibly ambiguous word W. To reconstruct the intended meaning the hearer uses the distribution of possible meanings in the given context P(S|C) and possible words that can express each meaning P(W|S). We assume P(W|S) is independent of the context and estimate it using WordNet sense frequencies. The main problem of unsupervised WSD is estimating context-dependent P(S|C) without access to any sense-tagged text. We show one way to solve this problem using a statistical language model based on large amounts of untagged text. Our model uses coarse-grained semantic classes for S internally and we explore the effect of using different levels of granularity on WSD performance. The system outputs fine-grained senses for evaluation, and its performance on noun disambiguation is better than most previously reported unsupervised systems and close to the best supervised systems.
Memetic Algorithms for Continuous Optimisation Based on Local Search Chains
Authors: Molina Daniel , Lozano Manuel , García-Martínez Carlos , Herrera Francisco
Published: January 2010

Memetic algorithms with continuous local search methods have arisen as effective tools to address the difficulty of obtaining reliable solutions of high precision for complex continuous optimisation problems. There exists a group of continuous local search algorithms that stand out as exceptional local search optimisers. However, on some occasions, they may become very expensive, because of the way they exploit local information to guide the search process. In this paper, they are called intensive continuous local search methods. Given the potential of this type of local optimisation methods, it is interesting to build prospective memetic algorithm models with them.

This paper presents the concept of local search chain as a springboard to design memetic algorithm approaches that can effectively use intense continuous local search methods as local search operators. Local search chain concerns the idea that, at one stage, the local search operator may continue the operation of a previous invocation, starting from the final configuration (initial solution, strategy parameter values, internal variables, etc.) reached by this one. The proposed memetic algorithm favours the formation of local search chains during the memetic algorithm run with the aim of concentrating local tuning in search regions showing promise. In order to study the performance of the new memetic algorithm model, an instance is implemented with CMA-ES as an intense local search method. The benefits of the proposal in comparison to other kinds of memetic algorithms and evolutionary algorithms proposed in the literature to deal with continuous optimisation problems are experimentally shown. Concretely, the empirical study reveals a clear superiority when tackling high-dimensional problems.
Computing Gap Free Pareto Front Approximations with Stochastic Search Algorithms
Authors: Schütze Oliver , Laumanns Marco , Tantar Emilia , Coello Carlos A. Coello , Talbi El-Ghazali
Published: January 2010

Recently, a convergence proof of stochastic search algorithms toward finite size Pareto set approximations of continuous multi-objective optimization problems has been given. The focus was on obtaining a finite approximation that captures the entire solution set in some suitable sense, which was defined by the concept of ɛ-dominance. Though bounds on the quality of the limit approximation—which are entirely determined by the archiving strategy and the value of ɛ—have been obtained, the strategies do not guarantee to obtain a gap free approximation of the Pareto front. That is, such approximations A can reveal gaps in the sense that points f in the Pareto front can exist such that the distance of f to any image point F(a), a ∈ A, is “large.” Since such gap free approximations are desirable in certain applications, and the related archiving strategies can be advantageous when memetic strategies are included in the search process, we are aiming in this work for such methods. We present two novel strategies that accomplish this task in the probabilistic sense and under mild assumptions on the stochastic search algorithm. In addition to the convergence proofs, we give some numerical results to visualize the behavior of the different archiving strategies. Finally, we demonstrate the potential for a possible hybridization of a given stochastic search algorithm with a particular local search strategy—multi-objective continuation methods—by showing that the concept of ɛ-dominance can be integrated into this approach in a suitable way.
Icelandic Control Really Is A-Movement: Reply to Bobaljik and Landau
Authors: Boeckx Cedric , Hornstein Norbert , Nunes Jairo
Published: January 2010

This article discusses the challenges that Bobaljik and Landau (2009) pose to Boeckx and Hornstein's (2006) movement-based analysis of control in Icelandic. We show in detail that contrary to what Bobaljik and Landau claim, the movement theory of control (with a modification to accommodate quirky Case, a specialty of Icelandic) makes the right empirical cuts regarding the issues they raise, namely, (a) the differences in Case agreement between control and raising constructions, (b) the different patterns of Case transmission (un)available, and (c) the fact that allegedly Case-marked PROs are phonetically null. We argue that rather than being problematic, the data bearing on these issues actually provide independent support to the movement theory of control.
Scrambling and Control
Authors: Takano Yuji
Published: January 2010

This article argues for two points: that scrambling out of a control clause patterns with scrambling out of a finite clause and that obligatory control is derived by movement of the controller. The argument is based on hitherto unnoticed facts about binding effects with scrambling out of a control clause in Japanese. It is proposed that those facts can only be accounted for by looking at an interaction of long-distance scrambling and movement of the controller. It is also shown that the proposal has important consequences for the nature of scrambling, pronominal variable binding, and subject control.
Global Economic Crisis and Tourism: Consequences and Perspectives
Authors: Papatheodorou Andreas , Rosselló Jaume , Xiao Honggen
Published: January 2010

The International Academy for the Study of Tourism convened a session on global economic crisis and tourism during its 20th anniversary conference in Mallorca, Spain, in June 2009. Three articles featuring on the impacts of economic downturn on tourism in Asia and the Pacific, Europe, and North America have resulted and appeared in this issue of the Journal of Travel Research. This summary aims at an integrated discussion on the consequences and perspectives on the global economic crisis and tourism. The prospects of world tourism for the years to come are also reflected.
The Perpetration of School Violence in Taiwan
Authors: Chen Ji-Kang , Avi Astor Ron
Published: January 2010

Using a nationally representative sample in Taiwan, this study aims to describe the prevalence of perpetration of school violence in Taiwan. The study explores how gender, age and school type relate to students’ perpetration of violence in an Asian culture context. The sample included 14,022 students from elementary to high schools in grades 4 to 12. Students were given an anonymous questionnaire to report their violent behaviour in schools. The findings presented in this study provide insight on why perpetrators commit violent acts against their peers. Findings suggest the prevalence of perpetration may vary from setting to setting but the influences of age, gender and school type on violence tend to be similar in Taiwan to what theories expect based on studies done in Western cultures. A majority of perpetrators reported engaging in violence stemming from rough and tumble play or from situations where they were initially having fun. Findings suggest that promoting the quality of peer interactions could be a major violence prevention strategy.
Abraham and David
Authors: Gosse Bernard
Published: January 2010

This article proposes that in Gen. 14—15 Abram is presented like the precursor of David. This point assumes the substitution in Psalms 105—106 of the Patriarchs and their descendants for the dynasty. In the reintegration of the Davidic dynasty in the perspective of salvation, David is presented as dependent on and continuous with Abram.
The Variation of Nature in Ecclesiastes 11
Authors: Whitwell Christopher
Published: January 2010

R.N. Whybray suggests in his NCBC Commentary that Qohelet points to the ‘apparent randomness of nature’ in Eccl. 11.3b (his italics). This article argues that randomness of nature (in this study, the ‘variation of nature’) is more significant, in vv. 1, 4 and 6 of the passage. The feature connects act to consequence in the source domains of two figures. Farmers observe the wind and look at the clouds (v. 4). They hesitate, unsure about whether or not to sow. The weather variations make it impossible to know whether a crop will be successful. The hesitation is firmly based, for failure would bring hardship to their families. In the case of the effectively parallel v. 1, variable water movements lie between act and an unpredictable consequence. Liberality does not necessarily lead to a beneficial outcome. Old wisdom could sometimes be too optimistic over reward. In his concluding remark of the passage 11.1-6, Qohelet returns to the agricultural figure. Repeat sowing can reduce risk. He expects this to be interpreted in the target domain as hedging one’s bets in a wide range of circumstances.
Silence as Resistance: A Postcolonial Reading of the Silence of Jonah in Jonah 4.1-11
Authors: Ryu Chesung Justin
Published: January 2010

Established readings of the book of Jonah have criticized Jonah as the personification of a narrow-minded Jew and emphasized God’s universal and inclusive love and mercy. However, embedded in this inclusivity of universalism is a working system of exclusivity which silences the voice of the weak. Through a postcolonial reading of Jonah 4, this article explores fallacies of the established readings and suggests an alternative reading for Jonah’s anger and silence. It argues that Jonah’s anger (Jon. 4.1-11) can be recognized as legitimate given the power differential between the Israelites and the Ninevites. In addition, Jonah’s silence functions as resistance on the part of the weak over against the rhetoric of the strong, which ignores unbalanced power structures in human relationships in the name of universalism.
The Divine Plural: A Literary-Contextual Argument for Plurality in the Godhead
Authors: Keiser Thomas A.
Published: January 2010

Throughout scholarly research, the referent of the divine plural in Genesis 1 has experienced a proliferation of interpretations, accompanied by a lack of consensus due to the problems associated with each. The view which has gained considerable popularity is that the divine plural represents God’s address to the heavenly court. However, this view has the significant weakness that it approaches the matter from outside its literary context. This study offers a consideration of the divine plural from within that literary context and suggests that there is considerable basis for understanding it as an intended but unspecified reference to plurality in the Godhead.
Is Jonathan Really David’s ‘Wife’? A Response to Yaron Peleg
Authors: Rowe Jonathan
Published: January 2010

In a recent article in this journal, Yaron Peleg argued Jonathan was David’s ‘female bride’. This response to Peleg’s article re-evaluates each of the main arguments adduced by Peleg in support of his thesis, highlighting significant difficulties with each. This article concludes that the textual data are better explained by the opposite view: instead of de-legitimizing Jonathan, the text presents him as a ‘proto-David’, worthy of the crown. That David comes eventually to lead Israel is a surprise, one that underscores the theology of the books of Samuel.
The Paradise Story
Authors: Wagner-Tsukamoto Sigmund
Published: January 2010

This article draws on constitutional political economy, especially the works of James Buchanan, in order to analyze the paradise story. This study applies constitutional economic concepts such as Hobbesian anarchy, predation behaviour, the natural distribution state, (dis-)armament investments, and constitutional contract. The purpose of this reconstruction is to better understand why ultimately the interactions between God and Adam & Eve broke down. This article demonstrates that the Old Testament is rather modern in this respect, choosing a destructive conflict model at the outset. This provides a reference point for subsequent Bible stories when developing new, fairer, and more equally negotiated constitutional contracts between God and humans (especially through the new covenants of Genesis).
What’s Wrong with this Picture? Stylistic Variation as a Rhetorical Technique in Judges
Authors: Chisholm Robert B.
Published: January 2010

This study examines four cases where the narrator of Judges alters an idiom or structural pattern to highlight the presence of irony. The alteration of the collocation ‘enter and close behind’ to ‘go out and close behind’ mirrors Ehud’s deception. Heber’s failure to appear in the Barak story mirrors its theme—a woman supplants a man. The absence of a reference to Israel’s crying out for help sets the stage for Samson’s ironic story in which God delivered a people who did not seek deliverance through a deliverer who did not see himself as such. The truncated epitaph in 15.20, followed by an account of Samson’s visit to a prostitute, ominously sets the stage for the story of Samson’s death.
Second Homes and Maximum Yield in Marginal Land
Authors: Overvåg Kjell
Published: January 2010

It is generally argued that commodification of rural areas leads to a change in the rural economy from being based on exploiting the physical environment to being mainly based on exploiting the aesthetical appeal of rural areas. In this article, however, it is revealed that commodification of rural areas in Norway is closely connected with exploitation of the physical environment, including through the re-resourcing of land from marginal agriculture and abandoned industrial sites into second home developments. This re-resourcing has also been an economic driving force for related tourist, housing and infrastructure developments. Politically, it has significantly influenced local power configurations. Simultaneously, external and local actors are commanded by stronger environmental regulations that govern the geography of re-resourcing. This article is based on studies of the municipalities of Ringebu and Kragerø, Norway, using analysis of planning documents and qualitative interviews.
Regional Knowledge Networks
Authors: Krätke Stefan
Published: January 2010

This article employs an actor network approach to the empirical analysis of knowledge networking in a case-study region in order to investigate the structure and properties of regional innovation networks in a detailed and nuanced way. Knowledge networks in terms of innovation-related cooperative interlinkages between firms and research establishments can be regarded as a relational component of regional innovation systems. The basic assumption is that connectivity in a regional knowledge network can positively contribute to a region’s innovation capacity. The use of a social network analysis approach might enhance our understanding of knowledge networks in a regional context. This article presents the findings of a detailed network analysis of innovation-related cooperative interlinkages between public research establishments and private sector firms in a metropolitan region in Germany.
High-Tech Activities, System Innovativeness and Geographical Concentration
Authors: Lazzeroni Michela
Published: January 2010

Within the field of the geography of knowledge and technological innovation, specific attention has been paid to the phenomenon of the spatial concentration of high-tech activities and to the factors that influence the growth of new industrial areas. Within this research stream, the present work is focused on areas characterized by high levels of specialization in high-tech, and more specifically on the concept of technological districts. Technological districts (TDs) are considered to be territorial systems specialized in high-tech activities and characterized by the presence of innovative resources, such as qualified human capital, advanced research activities, the capacity to generate innovation and new technologies, and an entrepreneurial culture. Beyond discussing theoretical concepts, a methodology is proposed for the analysis and identification of TDs through the definition of a taxonomy of local systems with different levels of concentration of high-tech activities and innovative resources. The methodology has been applied to Italy and allows the identification of the most advanced technological areas, which present the basic characteristics of TDs. This methodology is also important because it can be used to compare different geographical contexts and to discuss and evaluate different possibilities in the field of innovation development policies.
Reflective Exploration of Beekman’s Participant Experience
Authors: Friberg Febe , Öhlén Joakim
Published: January 2010

In this study we explored the researcher as an instrument in phenomenological research.To contribute to the discussion on phenomenological research methods for use in fieldwork, we explored Ton Beekman’s participant experience (1986) as a way of enhancing the rigor and quality of data construction in phenomenological fieldwork. Beekman’s approach is characterized by dialogue, bodily presence, being there, time and space dimensions, social and personal meaning, and interpretations that are close to life. An example from fieldwork in palliative cancer care is presented, in which we used reflective analysis to discern the cocreating aspect of participant experience. We recommend further investigation of cocreating participant experience as part of phenomenological fieldwork.
When the Cystic Fibrosis Label Does Not Fit: A Modified Uncertainty Theory
Authors: Tluczek Audrey , Chevalier McKechnie Anne , Lynam Patrice A.
Published: January 2010

In this grounded, dimensional analysis we describe the experiences of five couples whose infants had equivocal diagnostic test results following positive genetic newborn screens for cystic fibrosis. We analyzed interview data collected at two points during each infant’s first year. Uncertainty emerged as the central thematic dimension. Results showed that parents passed through a series of stages similar to the process described in Mishel’s Uncertainty in Illness Theory (UIT), thus extending the application of the theory to circumstances in which the very presence of an illness is uncertain. Findings informed a modified version of the UIT comprised of five domains: stimuli frame, degree of uncertainty, opportunity— danger continuum, affective responses, and coping. This model incorporates Morse’s conception of suffering. Three contextual domains influenced parents’ experiences at various junctures along the uncertainty trajectory: individual characteristics, structure providers, and time. We discuss implications of the model for future research and clinical practice relative to genetic testing.
Strategies Used in the Pursuit of Achievability During Goal Setting in Rehabilitation
Authors: Barnard Rachel A. , Cruice Madeline N. , Playford Elizabeth D.
Published: January 2010

We used conversation analysis of six audio- and video-recorded goal-setting meetings that were attended by patients and their respective treating team to explore and describe the interaction of participants during interdisciplinary goal setting, and to identify the strategies used to agree on goals. The health care professionals involved in the six sessions included four physiotherapists, four occupational therapists, four nurses, one speech and language therapist, and one neuropsychologist. The participants included 3 patients with multiple sclerosis, 2 patients with spinal cord lesions, and 1 patient with stroke from an inpatient neurological rehabilitation unit. Detailed analysis revealed how the treating team shaped the meetings. The most notable finding was that there was rarely a straightforward translation of patient wishes into agreed-on written goals, with the treating team leading goal modification so that goals were achievable. Despite professional dominance, patients also influenced the course of the interaction, particularly when offering resistance to goals proposed by the treating team.
Motives and Sun-related Behaviour
Authors: Ingledew David K. , Ferguson Eamonn , Markland David
Published: January 2010

The aim was to clarify how motives influence sun-related behaviour. Participants were 239 adults, mean age 22 years. They completed questionnaire measures of life goals (representing dispositional motives), participatory motives for exposure and for protection, and exposure and protection behaviours. Analysis was by partial least squares modelling. Participatory motives influenced behaviour. Exposure was positively influenced by appearance enhancement and well-being motives, and negatively by social conformity motive. Protection was positively influenced by health preservation motive. Participatory motives mediated the effects of life goals on behaviour. It is suggested that motives provide the basis upon which health promotion programmes can build.
Construct Validity of a Mammography Processes of Change Scale and Invariance by Stage of Change
Authors: Pruitt Sandi L. , McQueen Amy , Tiro Jasmin A. , Rakowski William , Diclemente Carlo C. , Vernon Sally W.
Published: January 2010

The development and use of validated processes of change (POC) measures have received little attention in the literature despite their importance in the Transtheoretical Model. Using survey data ( N = 2909), we examined the construct validity of a 22-item mammography POC scale by testing for factorial validity and factorial invariance across stage of change. We also used MANOVA with Tukey post-hoc tests to confirm stage differences in POC use (concurrent validity). Our results confirm the a priori correlated four-factor structure of this scale and provide some support for the measurement equivalence of this scale across stage, supporting comparisons of POC use across stage.
Exploration of the Relevance of Anxiety Sensitivity among Adults Living with HIV/AIDS for Understanding Anxiety Vulnerability
Authors: Gonzalez Adam , Zvolensky Michael J. , Solomon Sondra E. , Miller Carol T.
Published: January 2010

This investigation explored facets of anxiety sensitivity (AS—social, physical and mental concerns) in regard to somatization, anxiety and depression symptoms among people with HIV/AIDS. Significant relations were found for AS-physical concerns and somatization symptoms ( β = .52, p = .007) and AS-mental concerns and anxiety symptoms ( β = .29, p < .05), controlling for negative affectivity, gender and shared variance with other AS subscales. Together, AS subscales were significantly related to depression symptoms (Δ R2 = .11; p = .006), but no one subscale was independently related. Findings are discussed in terms of examining AS in better understanding the HIV/AIDS—anxiety relation.
Attributions and Self-regulatory Efficacy for Health-related Physical Activity
Authors: Nickel Darren , Spink Kevin S.
Published: January 2010

Two studies were conducted to examine associations among past activity behaviour, attributions and self-regulatory efficacy for maintaining physical activity sufficient for health benefits. The studies differed in that success for being sufficiently active for health benefits was externally referenced in the first study, but not in the second. In both studies, results revealed that attributional dimensions improved the prediction of self-regulatory efficacy beyond that of past physical behaviour. Results suggested that while past experience may influence an individual’s self-regulatory efficacy to be active enough for health benefits, how people think about their past behaviour also needs to be considered.
Pain, Coping and Health Care Utilization in Younger and Older Adults with Sickle Cell Disease
Authors: Sanders Kathryn A. , Labott Susan M. , Molokie Robert , Shelby Sarah R. , Desimone Joseph
Published: January 2010

Sickle cell disease is characterized by acute pain crises. Pain, chronic medical problems, utilization and coping were compared in younger vs older patients using questionnaires and medical record review. Groups reported similar pain intensity and medical conditions. The pattern of utilization differed such that older patients attended outpatient clinic, and younger patients went to the Emergency Department. Younger patients were more likely to cope by ignoring pain, or by using heat, cold or massage. Older patients were more likely to pray and hope. We conclude that age plays an important role in the utilization and coping of sickle cell patients.
Goal Commitment to Finding a Partner and Satisfaction with Life among Female Singles
Authors: Gebhardt W.A. , Van Der Doef M.P. , Massey E.K. , Verhoeven C.J.M. , Verkuil B.
Published: January 2010

In this cross-sectional study among 1502 female singles between the ages of 18 and 50, commitment to the goal of finding a partner was negatively related to satisfaction with life. In line with our expectations, this relationship was fully mediated by ruminating about being and remaining single. The relationship between rumination and lower satisfaction with life was stronger in the older age groups. The findings support the notion that rumination is an important mechanism through which goal commitment may negatively influence well-being, and that reducing one’s level of commitment to the pursuit of stage-specific life goals may be beneficial when reaching a new developmental stage.
Plasmacytoid dendritic cell–derived type I interferon is crucial for the adjuvant activity of Toll-like receptor 7 agonists
Authors: Rajagopal Deepa , Paturel Carine , Morel Yannis , Uematsu Satoshi , Akira Shizuo , Diebold Sandra S.
Published: January 2010

There is a high demand for the development of adjuvants that induce cytotoxic T lymphocytes, which are crucial for the elimination of intracellular pathogens and tumor cells. Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists are prime candidates to fulfill this role because they induce innate immune activation and promote adaptive immune responses. The successful application of the TLR7 agonist R837 for treatment of basal cell carcinoma shows the potential for exploiting this pathway in tumor immunotherapy. Imidazoquinolines like R837 and stimulatory ssRNA oligonucleotides both trigger TLR7-mediated immune activation, but little is known about their comparative ability to promote immunity induction. We investigated differences in innate immune activation and adjuvant activity between the imidazoquinoline R848 and the ssRNA TLR7 agonist polyUs21. In contrast to R848, polyUs21 induced detectable levels of intracellular interferon-α (IFN-α) in plasmacytoid dendritic cells (PDCs). In immunization studies, only polyUs21 led to robust priming of type 1 T helper cells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes, and it was more efficient in inducing antitumor immunity than R848. Notably, exogenous IFN-α augmented the adjuvant activity of R848, whereas depletion of PDC abrogated the adjuvanticity of polyUs21. This study, therefore, identifies sufficient IFN-α production by PDC as an important determinant of vaccine efficacy.
Investigating fault shadows in the Niger Delta
Authors: Aikulola U. O. , Olotu S. O. , Yamusa I.
Published: January 2010

The stratigraphic evolution of the Niger Delta is dominated by a continuous stepwise progradation occurring during a major tertiary regressive phase that continues to the present. The successive phases of the delta growth form transient depobelts that are bounded by mega-structural growth faults.
The state of EOR with CO2 and associated seismic monitoring
Authors: Davis Tom
Published: January 2010

Carbon dioxide ([Formula: see text]) can be an agent for enhancing recovery from oil reservoirs because it acts like a scrubbing agent to contact residual oil in the reservoir and makes it easier for the oil to flow to producing wells. Old reservoirs that have produced for years are not depleted of oil. They contain residual oil that can't be moved under primary or secondary flood processes. The tertiary process that could move the greatest amount of residual oil is carbon dioxide flooding. To obtain the residual oil, we need to inject [Formula: see text] to enhance oil recovery (EOR). We may be able to produce up to 20% of the original oil in place (OOIP). Seismic monitoring provides a means to proactively manage the flood.
Trends for high-performance scientific computing
Authors: Camp William J. , Thierry Philippe
Published: January 2010

Among all scientific domains, geophysics is certainly one of the most computationally demanding, with probably the broadest requirements for per-formance and scalability.