bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
What´s left and new in the management of migraine?
Authors:   Servicio de Asesoría e Información del Medicamento. Servicio Navarro de Salud - Osasunbidea, Goñi Oihane , Leache Leire ,   Unit of Innovation and Organization, Lacalle Esther ,   Pharmacy Service Navarre Hospital Complex, Acin Maria Teresa
Published: December 2021

INTRODUCTION Migraine is a neurological disorder that generally manifests in the form of headache. The treatment of migraine is based on changes in lifestyle, symptomatic treatment and preventive therapies. The pharmacotherapeutic approach to migraine is based on widely-used drugs and novel drugs, which include monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), which emerge as an alternative for patients with poor response to standard preventive treatments. PURPOSE The objective of this study is to assess the efficacy and safety of the medications employed for the symptomatic and preventive treatment of migraine. Another objective is to determine its place in therapeutics and identify the best treatment based on the type of migraine and characteristics of the patient. METHODS A A search was performed of clinical practice guidelines, documents from regulatory agencies, systematic reviews and primary studies assessing symptomatic and preventive treatments of migraine. Data related to the use of triptans in Navarra, Spain, was extracted from the prescription database of the Navarre Health Service. Data about patients receiving mAb therapy in our community and their progress was extracted from electronic medical records and the Navarre Health Service pharmacotherapy management system. CONCLUSIONS The symptomatic treatment of choice for mild-moderate migraine includes non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), whereas triptans are frequently reserved for moderate-severe migraine. Oral drugs are the first-line preventive treatment, with ß-blockers and topiramate as the first choice. Botulinum toxin A is used in patients with chronic migraine who are unresponsive to oral preventive therapies. mAbs emerge as an alternative to prevent chronic or episodic migraine in patients unresponsive to previous treatments. These treatments, however, have a modest efficacy as compared to placebo. In addition, no comparative studies have been published to date about other first-line preventive therapies. The long-term safety and efficacy of mAbs have not yet been established, and their cost is high. MAbs are funded by the public health system only as fourth-line prophylactic therapy for chronic or high-frequency episodic migraine.
Producción de leche de cabra en México y uso de aceites esenciales de plantas aromáticas en su producción
Authors: Méndez Zamora Gerardo , López Puga Jocelyn Cyan , Valadez Pineda Alondra , Kawas Jorge R. , Hernández Martínez Sara Paola , Sobrevilla Hernández Gustavo , Rico Costilla Daniela Saraí , Sinagawa García Sugey R.
Published: December 2021

La población de cabras resalta en los países en desarrollo. México es un país en desarrollo, donde la producción de leche de cabra crece. Sin embargo, nuevos retos y áreas de oportunidad continúan atendiéndose. Un desafío es la preferencia del consumidor hacia el uso de alternativas naturales en la producción animal, y una de éstas son los aceites esenciales de plantas aromáticas. Los estudios comprueban que los aceites esenciales ejercen actividad antioxidante y antibacteriana selectiva en el rumen que mejora el comportamiento productivo y la composición de la leche. Aunque la información existente sobre su uso en cabras lecheras es limitada, el presente escrito recopila información sobre la producción de leche de cabra en México y el uso de los aceites esenciales de plantas aromáticas en dietas de cabras lecheras sobre la salud, producción y calidad de la leche.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.54167/tecnociencia.v15i3.839
Evaluating Insulin/Glucose Ratio Using Breakfast of Calorie Restriction Meal for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors:   Japan Low Carbohydrate Diet Promotion Association, Kyoto, Japan, Bando Hiroshi
Published: December 2021

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been a medical and social problem worldwide. For nutritional therapy, Low Carbohydrate Diet (LCD) and Calorie restriction (CR) have discussed for long, where authors continued clinical research. Subjects and Methods: Subjects were 68 patients with T2DM with 62.1 years on average. Methods included i) standard CR was provided a day with 1400 kcal and 60% of carbohydrate, ii) measurement of daily profile of blood glucose, iii) insulinogenic index (IGI) (0-30 mins) exam for breakfast including 70g of carbohydrate, iv) calculation of IGI by delta and Area Under the Curves(AUC). Results: Basal data revealed that HbA1c 7.9%, fasting glucose 163 mg/dL, average glucose in a day 210 mg/dL, M value 117 in the median. Increment of glucose/IRI was 48.0 mg/dL/8.6 μU/mL, respectively. Delta or AUC ratio of IGI was 0.14[0.08-0.26] and 3.3[2.5-5.2], respectively. There were significant correlations between M value and Delta or AUC ratio, with a higher coefficient in the latter. Discussion and Conclusion: IGI study in Meal Tolerance Test (MTT) would be useful for pancreas function evaluation. AUC ratio method has superiority than Delta ratio with higher correlation coefficient. Current results could be the fundamental data for the related range of research, and further development will be expected.
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus a Dysfunctional Metabolic State-A Perspective
Authors:   Department of Andrology and Metabolism, Reprolabs, India, Sheriff Dhastagir Sultan
Published: December 2021

Pregnancy is considered as a test for beta cell reserve. If there is a good function, insulin resistance will overcome. If not, gestational diabetes will occur. Insulin resistance (IR) present in normal pregnancy is required to provide nutrients to the growing fetus. There is a rapid increase of insulin in such an insulin resistant state. The possibility of lipid deposition in muscle fibers (intramyocellular) could be one of the possible mechanism of IR in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). The poor response of insulin release, possible fat deposition in the skeletal muscle or ectopic fat deposition may cause dysfunctional homeostasis in GDM. This will definitely influence the fine tuning of metabolic machinery of a growing fetus. Children born with such subtle metabolic state will probably be more prone to glucose intolerance and ectopic lipid deposition. The finding that children born to GDM mothers are prone to glucose intolerance may be an eye-opener to monitor such children for beta cell function.
How to Classify Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Approach its Treatment in View of Associated Diabetes and Complications-A Short Communication
Authors:   Dr. Kulvinder Kaur Centre for Human Reproduction, India, Kaur Kulvinder Kochar
Published: December 2021

With the increase in epidemic of obesity, the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is increasing globally so much that the need has arisen for treating the two diseases together with the term diabesity getting coined. Here, we have tried to sub-classify T2DM stage-wise and how the treatment should be aimed keeping in view the use of weight-neutral anti-diabetic drugs. Preferably, insulin needs to be avoided due to its weight gaining effects and use of liraglutide should be preferred in the heavily obese diabetics due to its weight lowering effects. If the patient is in stage 4 group where insulin is practically non-existent, one can try using anti-obesity drugs along with insulin or see which works better with the influence of bariatric surgery seen on controlling diabetes in morbidly obese subjects.
Diabetic Foot Ulcers in a Kenyan Referral and Teaching Hospital: Risk Factors, Patient Characteristics and Clinical Outcomes
Authors:   Institute of Tropical and Infectious Diseases, College of Health Sciences, University of Nairobi, Kenya, Mutonga Daniel Munyambu
Published: December 2021

Introduction: The burden of diabetes mellitus (DM) is increasing in resource-poor settings leading to a rise in diabetic complications. Foot complications result in almost half of all hospital admissions among diabetic patients and may result in amputations or death. Objective: To investigate the sociodemographic, clinic-laboratory characteristics and clinical outcomes of patients with diabetic foot ulcers (DFU) in a clinical setting. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study of 84 adult consecutive inpatients and outpatients at Kenyatta National Hospital (KNH) with any type of DM and having active DFU was conducted over 12 months. History and physical examinations findings were recorded through a structured questionnaire. Relevant data on the most recent blood tests and clinical outcomes for patients with foot ulcers were retrieved from the patients’ medical notes and analysed. Results: Majority (68%) were inpatients. The mean age was 60.30 years with 68% living in urban areas and 60% having minimal or no formal education. 8% were newly diagnosed with DM. The median duration of DM was 6.5 years. A majority (96%) had type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). 45% were on insulin only, 18% on oral drugs only and 32% on a combination of both. The median random blood sugar was 9.60 mmol/L and glycated haemoglobin was 8.80%. Although 61% of patients had co-morbid hypertension, only about 40% had elevated systolic blood pressure (BP) while 23% had elevated diastolic pressures. A majority of the patients had good lipid profile, 85% with desirable total cholesterol and 70% having ideal low-density lipoproteins. The mortality rate among patients with DFU was 11%. Conclusion: There are poor outcomes for patients with DFU in this setting such as poor wound healing, high recurrence rates, increased amputations and mortality compared to previous studies. However, the prevalence of uncontrolled hypertension, dyslipidaemia and neuropathy was much lower than earlier local reports.
Discriminating Bangladeshi Adults by Simultaneous Prevalence of Obesity and Diabetes
Authors:   Department of Statistics, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, Bangladesh, Bhuyan KC
Published: December 2021

The present analysis was to identify the socioeconomic factors responsible for prevalence of obesity and diabetes simultaneously among adults of 18 years and above residing in both urban and rural localities of Bangladesh. Accordingly, information was collected from 960 adults by some doctors and nurses from and nearby their working places. Among the investigated adults, 66.9% were diabetic patients and 20.2% of them were obese. In the sample, total obese adults were 29.3%. Obesity and diabetes were significantly associated. Prevalence of obesity and diabetes were significantly associated with age, marital status and utilization of time. Income was the most responsible factor for this simultaneous health hazard followed by expenditure, physical activity, marital status, religion and occupation. This conclusion was drawn from the results of odds ratio and discriminant analysis.
Implications of Haptoglobin Genotype and Cardiovascular Risk in Patients with Diabetes
Authors:   Department of Pharmacy Practice, Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas, USA, Irons Brian K
Published: December 2021

Haptoglobin (HAP) is genetically polymorphic with three primary genotypes, HAP 1-1, 2-1 and 2-2. Each genotype differs phenotypically in HAP structure and ability to perform its main function, scavenging free hemoglobin (Hb) released from old red blood cells. Patients with both diabetes and the genotype 2-2 appear to be at an increased cardiovascular risk than those with the other genotypes or patients without diabetes. This risk appears elevated with worse glycemic control. The exact mechanism for this increased risk is unknown but there are several proposed causes. Vitamin E has shown to reduce cardiovascular events in patients with both diabetes and the 2-2 genotype but the safety of implementing such therapy remains unknown. Recent post-hoc evaluation of a landmark study originally designed to assess the benefits and risks of more aggressive glycemic control suggests there may be a cardiovascular benefit in patients with diabetes and the 2-2 genotype that is not seen in those with the other genotypes. This information, if confirmed with post-hoc evaluation of other similar landmark studies as well as evaluation of genotype differences in recent cardiovascular safety studies with glucagon-like peptide agonists or sodium-glucose cotransporter inhibitors, could provide clinicians with an avenue to better identify patients most at risk for cardiovascular events and who may benefit the most from more aggressive glycemic control or use of other antihyperglycemic agents.
Longevity Analysis by Comparing the Overall Metabolism and Life Routine Regularity for Two Periods via GH-Method: Math-Physical Medicine
Authors:   eclaireMD Foundation, USA, C Hsu Gerald
Published: December 2021

The author describes one of his hypothetical theories on the relationship between life longevity and overall metabolism, the macrosystem view, specifically the stress and daily life routine regularity, two micro-categories. He has spent ~25,000 h over 7.5 years (2010–2019) to conduct research on metabolism, endocrinology, and chronic diseases, specifically diabetes. These big data analytics is based on ~600,000 data over 2.5 years. His developed metabolism model has shed some light about the impact on his life longevity due to his overall metabolic changes, especially his stress level and life routine regularity. Having a strong lifestyle management leads into a good metabolic state, which then converts into a strong immunity to fight against three major disease categories, chronic diseases and complications (50% of death), cancers (29% of death), and infectious diseases (11% of death), with the remaining 10% of non-diseases related to death cases. This is a logical way to achieve longevity which is the core of geriatrics.
Note on Distribution of Nephelaphyllum pulchrum Blume (Orchidaceae) in Bay Islands
Authors: Ekka Gautam , Alappatt Joju
Published: December 2021

Nephelaphyllum pulchrum Bl., little or poorly known taxon is discussed along with short description, colour plate, relevant notes for further collection and identification in field.
PROCEDIMENTOS DE COMPOSIÇÃO DOS CUSTOS E DETERMINAÇÃO DO PREÇO DE VENDAS EM UMA FÁBRICA DE CAMISETAS SEM ESTAMPAS - PRODUÇÃO EM LARGA ESCALA
Authors: Arantes Leandro de Oliveira , Giunco Natália Freitas , Oliveira Maria Ester de , Costa Renan da Silva , Lima Amanda Camerini
Published: December 2021

Uma das principais atividades da contabilidade de custos consiste no trabalho de coleta de dados, processamento e transformação em informações referente a composição dos custos dos bens ou serviços, sendo de extrema relevância em qualquer empresa, seja em uma indústria, comércio ou prestadora de serviços, tal processo é essencial e decisivo para a precificação dos bens ou serviços, assegurando a entidade a margem de lucro desejada. Por isso, esse processo é substancial para as empresas, pois somente através do trabalho de levantamento de gastos relativos aos investimentos realizado, sejam em despesas, custos fixos ou variáveis, diretos ou indiretos, com possibilidade de apropriação direta ou que exijam critérios de rateios para alocação, é que se pode definir o valor justo e compatível com a produção e exigências do mercado, sejam em termos de qualidade, quantidade e preço atrativo, independente se comercializado no varejo ou no atacado, e independe do ramo de atividade. O presente trabalho de custeamento tem por vista apresentar conceitos e formas corretas para composição dos custos e precificação de um produto, a saber, camisetas sem estampas, produzidas em grande escala pela empresa ARANTES & GIUNCO LTDA. Palavras-chave: Ciência; Contabilidade; Gastos; Custos; Precificação
LÚPUS ERITEMATOSO DISCÓIDE: RELATO DE CASO
Authors: Salviatto Camila Meschini
Published: December 2021

Dentre as dermatopatias imunomediadas mais recorrente em cães, destaca-se o Lúpus Eritematoso Discóide (LED) que é considerada uma variante benigna do Lúpus eritematoso sistêmico (LES) restrita ao tecido tegumentar. A etiologia dessa doença segue pouco elucidada, mas seu surgimento pode estar relacionado há predisposição genética, exposição à radiação solar, fatores do sistema imunológico e hormonais. Os sinais clínicos mais comuns são despigmentação, eritema e a parte externa do conduto auditivo. O diagnóstico é feito através da anamnese, exame físico e característica da lesão sendo a histopatologia o exame considerado padrão ouro, que faz a confirmação da patologia. O tratamento terapêutico é individualizado para cada caso, consistindo na administração de corticosteroides e uso tópico de protetor solar nas regiões despigmentadas. O objetivo desse trabalho é relatar um caso de lúpus eritematoso discóide em um cão, macho, SRD, com 5 anos de idade, que apresentava uma lesão na pálpebra inferior do olho esquerdo sem prurido e enxergando normalmente de ambos os olhos. Com base no histórico do paciente suspeitou-se de uma doença autoimune. Foi feito então uma biópsia incisional para ser realizado um exame histopatológico, que confirmou um padrão sugestivo a Lúpus Eritematoso Discóide. A prednisona foi o medicamento de escolha nesse caso e até o presente momento o paciente tem remissão total das lesões. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: dermatopatias, corticosteroides, lúpus
FERRAMENTA "5S" APLICADA EM UMA EMPRESA DE USINAGEM: UM ESTUDO DE CASO
Authors: CHIME Darlan Oliveira , SILVA Gabriel Candido da , SANTOS Italo Coutinho dos , OLIVEIRA Muriel Batista de , SILVÉRIO; Adriano Serra
Published: December 2021

A filosofia 5S de origem japonesa, foi um marco importantíssimo na recuperação após a 2ª Guerra Mundial, ao qual deixou sequelas na população, na sociedade e na estrutura da nação japonesa. A reestruturação pós-guerra foi tão eficiente que ficou denominado como milagre econômico japonês, partindo de boas gestões governamentais e muita dedicação. Assim veio surgir o sistema 5S, desenvolvido inicialmente pelo Engenheiro Químico, Kaoru Ishikawa em 1950. Marcado por muitas destruições no cenário nacional, sistema produtivo, organizacional, limpeza, higiene, segurança e disciplina, acabou gerando uma grande deficiência competitiva no país. Com a crise instalada na década de 50, surgiu a ferramenta de qualidade"5S", que se consolidou no ambiente japonês e vem sendo base para gestão qualidade atualmente. A ferramenta 5s é um conceito, é uma atitude de vida e é uma prática muito simples de ser implantada nas organizações públicas e privadas. Tal ferramenta tem o fundamento de transformar o ambiente das organizações que desejam fazer melhorias, mantendo a competitividade do negócio como uma necessidade nos dias atuais. Mesmo havendo interesse na utilização da ferramenta, muitas organizações desistem pelas dificuldades encontradas na implementação. Neste trabalho foi feito um estudo bibliográfico de toda estrutura do método“5S” por meio de estudo de caso. Foi feita uma descrição detalhada de como implantouu-se a ferramenta em uma oganização do ramo de usinagem de peças automotiva. Após a implantação da ferramenta, pode-se observar que a mesma padronizou, melhorou a organização, layout, otimizou o tempo, gerou disciplina, comprometimento e comodidade de cada colaborador dentro do setor, tornando a empresa mais competitiva. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: 5S, Qualidade Total, Competitividade, Gestão
Criptococose Canina: Relato de Caso
Authors: Oliveira Isabela Mota de
Published: December 2021

A criptococose é uma doença infecciosa, sistêmica, oportunista, de distribuição mundial, cujo agente etiológico é uma levedura encapsulada do gênero Cryptococus. As duas principais espécies de importância para clínica de cães e gatos são C. neoformans encontrada em excretas de aves e C. gatii presente em troncos e restos vegetais de eucaliptos. A infecção é adquirida por inalação de propágulos do ambiente, que desenvolvem a doença em pacientes imunocomprometidos ou com comorbidades. Não há predileção sexual, mas ocorre com mais frequência em cães de grande porte a partir de quatro anos de idade. O presente trabalho objetivou relatar o caso de uma cadela, sem raça definida, de quatro anos de idade, castrada, atendida no Hospital Veterinário de Uberaba com histórico de aumento de volume em ponte nasal e espirros frequentes com dois dias de evolução. A citologia dos nódulos por punção aspirativa por agulha fina confirmou o diagnóstico de criptococose. Prescreveu-se tratamento com itraconazol, mas o animal apresentou rápida piora do quadro com envolvimento de sistema nervoso central e veio a óbito posteriormente. A disseminação da criptococose para esse sistema é bastante comum, sendo 52% dos casos com acometimento do trato respiratório e SNC, simultaneamente. O tratamento com itraconazol nessa situação não é o mais eficaz para a regressão da doença devido à instabilidade da formulação, insuficiente concentração plasmática e baixa penetração de barreira hematocefálica. Concluiu-se que a citologia é um bom método confirmatório e o uso de itraconazol no protocolo terapêutico do animal não foi o mais satisfatório, devendo ser substituído por fluconazol ou anfotericina B. O prognóstico nem sempre é favorável, principalmente se houver acometimento em sistema nervoso central. Palavras chaves: meningoencefalite fúngica; anfotericina B; fluconazol.
Evaluation of CHIKPGRO model in semi arid and sub-humid climatic conditions of Madhya Pradesh
Authors: SILAWAT SANDIP , AGRAWAL K. K. , SRIVASTAVA A. K.
Published: December 2021

Based on field experiments conducted under different thermal and moisture regimes during rabi 2009-10 and 2010-11 at Jabalpur and Tikamgarh district of Madhya Pradesh, CHIKPGRO model was calibrated and validated for two popular and widely grown chickpea cultivars (JG 315 and JG11). Validations were done on the crop grown under the six dates of sowing in 2010-11 at Jabalpur (irrigated) and under two dates of sowing (2009-10 and  2010-11) at Tikamgarh (rainfed). The model overestimated the major phenological events under irrigated and underestimated in rainfed conditions, except the physiological maturity. The model also overestimated maximum LAI, biomass, seed yield and unit seed weight under irrigated conditions and underestimated in rainfed, conditions. The validation error was higher in rainfed conditions than irrigated conditions. The model simulated cultivars yield and biomass in irrigated and rainfed conditions differently with same genetic coefficients. The model simulated higher thermal and moisture stress than the actual field conditions under late sown conditions. The cultivar JG 11 had shown slightly more difference in simulation of yield and biomass as compared to JG 315. The model performance was tested with help CRM, RMSE and percentage difference between observed and simulated values.
Soil moisture prediction, evapotranspiration, yield and water use efficiency of soybean (Glycine max L.) crop under variable weather conditions in a semi-arid environment
Authors: PRADHAN S. , SEHGAL V. K. , DAS D. K. , BANDYOPADHYAY K. K. , JAIN A. K. , SINGH R.
Published: December 2021

A field experiment was conducted during kharif season of 2009 and 2010 in a sandy loam soil of New Delhi to study the effect of weather, achieved by sowing at normal (D1) and late (D2), on soil moisture prediction, evapotranspiration (ET), yield and water use efficiency (WUE) of three varieties (V1: JS 335, V2: Pusa 9712 and Pusa 9814) of soybean. Study of soybean phenology showed that there was reduction in the number of days taken for the crop to complete life cycle with delayed sowing. The agrometeorological water balance model could satisfactorily predict soil moisture content during soybean crop growth period with RMSE (%) varying between 6.27 to 12.06 and correlation coefficient between 0.828 to 0.982. The ET decreased significantly with delay in sowing; however there was no significant variation among the varieties. Among the stages of the soybean crop, mid season stage had highest ET followed by development stage, late season stage and initial stage. Normal sowing resulted in higher yield but lower WUE than the late sowing. Among the cultivars, JS 335 resulted in lower yield and WUE than Pusa 9712 and Pusa 9814. It may be recommended that, Pusa 9712 or Pusa 9814 may be sown during first and second week of July (normal sowing) to achieve higher yield in the semi-arid environment of Delhi region.
Weather based forewarning models for coffee berry borer and shot hole borer in Wayanad, Kerala
Authors: JAYAKUMAR M. , VIJAYALAKSHMI C. K. , RAHIMAN P. ABDUL , RAJAVEL M.
Published: December 2021

Pest damage due to coffee berry borer and shot hole borer in coffee plantations in Regional Coffee Research Station, Chundale and data on weather parameters were recorded during 1977 to 2007 (30 years). These long- term data on the pest damage and weather parameters were utilized to study the influence of weather variables on coffee berry and shot hole borer incidence with a view to develop weather based forewarning models for coffee berry borer and shot hole borer damage in Wayanad. The damage of coffee berry borer (CBB) was observed to be significant during January to March while the damage of shot hole borer (SHB) was spread during January to April and October to December. Highest percent damage of coffee berry borer and shot hole borer was observed during first fortnight of January. Maximum damage due to coffee berry borer was observed during 1982 and maximum damage due to shot hole borer was observed in 1994. Maximum temperature recorded during the first fortnight of January is predominant weather variable determining infestation of shot hole borer during first fortnight of January. Harvest and budding stages of the crop suffered heavy incidence of coffee berry borer and shot hole borer, respectively.
Multichannel Radiometric System for Registering Submillimeter-Wave Radiation at Beam-Plasma Interaction
Authors: Kuznetsov Sergei A. , Arzhannikov Andrey V. , Gelfand Aleksandr V.
Published: December 2021

We describe a 4-channel radiometric system developed for registering pulses of submillimeter-wave radiation in the frequency band 210-530 GHz. The system employs a quasi-optical scheme with polarization demultiplexed channels, wherein subsequent frequency filtering and spectral signal detection are provided by quasi-optical bandpass filters and high-speed Schottky detectors respectively. The system has frequency resolution of the channels ~30-50 GHz and response time better than 2 ns and destined for registering emission of electromagnetic radiation in the vicinity of a double plasma frequency, which is produced at turbulent heating of dense plasma in the multimirror magnetic trap GOL-3 by a powerful relativistic electron beam of 10 microsecond duration.
Study of a Possibility of Deep Laser Cooling of Magnesium Atoms for Designing the New-Generation Frequency Standard
Authors: Brazhnikov Denis , Bonert Anatoliy , Goncharov Andrey , Taichenachev Alexey , Tumaikin Anatoliy , Yudin Valeriy , Basalaev Maxim , Ilenkov Roman , Shilov Aleksandr
Published: December 2021

Theoretical analysis of sub-Doppler laser cooling of 24Mg atoms using 33 P2 → 33 D3 transition in the field of two counterpropagating light waves with opposite circular polarizations is presented. The standard semi-classical approach based on the Fokker-Plank equation is exploited for numerical modeling of laser cooling. The problem is solved out of limits of slow atom approximation and for arbitrary light intensity. The dependences of light force and diffusion on an atomic velocity are studied for various frequency detuning and Rabi frequency. Also, to obtain optimal parameters of laser cooling, the atomic velocity distributions are investigated for various conditions and the dependence of average atomic kinetic energy on the light field intensity and frequency detuning is calculated. In the case of strong field a multi-spike velocity distribution profile is observed. It results from various nonlinear effects accompany absorption of laser photons by atoms. In conclusion we make additional recommendations to increase atoms in metastable state 33 P2, what is necessary for effective laser cooling
Rola organizacji międzynarodowych w zachowaniu pamięci o Holokauście: Przykład Organizacji Narodów Zjednoczonych
Authors: Kawa Magdalena ,   Państwowa Wyższa Szkoła Zawodowa w Chełmie (Polska)
Published: December 2021

W artykule próbuję odpowiedzieć na pytanie o rolę organizacji międzynarodowych w zachowaniu pamięci o Holokauście na przykładzie Organizacji Narodów Zjednoczonych. Tekst rozpoczyna się od krótkiego rysu historycznego przedstawiającego okoliczności powstania ONZ. W kolejnych częściach odnoszę się do konkretnych przykładów działań, których celem (choć nie zawsze jedynym) było przeciwdziałanie ludobójstwom oraz upamiętnienie Zagłady. Omawiam dwa dokumenty: Powszechną Deklarację Praw Człowieka oraz Konwencję w Sprawie Zapobiegania i Karania Zbrodni Ludobójstwa. W tekście odnoszę się także ustanowionego przez Zgromadzenie Ogólne ONZ w 2005 roku Międzynarodowego Dnia Pamięci o ofiarach Holokaustu. Z kolei w ostatniej części próbuję odpowiedzieć na pytanie czy podejmowanie przez organizację działania w tym obszarze są skuteczne.
SOSYAL GÜVENLİK KURUMU’NUN 2012-2020 YILLARI ARASI İŞ KAZALARI GÖSTERGELERİNİN STANDARDİZASYONU
Authors: KOÇALİ Kaan
Published: December 2021

Gelişmiş milletlerin sanayilerinde meydana gelen büyümeler iş sağlığı ve güvenliği konusunda ortaya koydukları ilerlemeler ile doğru orantılıdır. Bu ilerlemelerin en büyük göstergesi ise iş kazası sayısının en aza indirgenmesidir. Bu kapsamda ülkemizde yaşanan iş kazalarının incelenerek yorumlanması büyük önem arz etmektedir. Bu çalışma kapsamındaki 2012-2020 yılları arasında yaşanan iş kazalarına ait istatistiksel veriler, iş görmezlik süreleri ve ölümlü vaka sayıları Sosyal Güvenlik Kurumu’ndan elde edilmiştir. Veriler analiz edilerek sektör ayrımı yapılmadan yıllara ait iş kazası ağırlık oranları ve iş kazası sıklık hızları belirlenmiş ve kıyaslanmıştır. 2012-2020 yılları arasında iş kazası sıklık hızı %347,25 artış göstermiştir. 2012-2020 yılları arasında iş kazası ağırlık oranı gün bazında %43,79 artış göstermiştir. İş kazası sıklık hızı ile iş kazası ağırlık oranı arasındaki artışın anlamsız olmasından dolayı ortaya çıkan değer değişkenlerin standart insidans oranı için %95 güven aralığında istatistiksel standardizasyonları yapılmıştır. Özellikle Covit-19 pandemi şartlarındaki sokağa çıkma yasağı, evden çalışma, belirli sektör çalışmalarının durdurulması vb. önlemlerin uygulanması sonrasında iş hayatındaki faal çalışanları oranı hızla azalmıştır. 2012-2020 yılları arasında Türkiye’de meydana gelen iş kazalarının standardize edilmesi sonrasında iş kazası sayısının azalmadığı az da olsa arttığı görülmüştür. Bu durum Türkiye’de çalışma hayatına giren sigortalı işçilerin iş kazası ile karşılaşma oranlarının arttığını ve işçi sayısı arttıkça iş kazası oranının da arttığını göstermektedir.
İDARİ İŞLEMDE USUL VE ŞEKİL SAKATLIKLARININ SONRADAN DÜZELTİLMESİ VE ALMANYA ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: ERKAL Atila
Published: December 2021

İdari işlemler idarenin faaliyetlerinde önemli bir yer tutmaktadır. İdari işlemler ile kişilerin temel haklarına müdahale edilebildiğinden bunların tesisinde hukuka uygunluğun sağlanması için idarenin azami dikkat göstermesi gerekmektedir. Buna rağmen idari işlemde sakatlık söz konusu ise esasa etki etmeyen sakatlıkların sonradan düzeltilme imkânının tanınması usul ekonomisine hizmet edecektir. İdari işlemin esasına etki etmeyen sakatlıklar usul ve şekil unsurunda söz konusu olabilmektedir. İdari işlemler yargısal denetimde usul ve şekil sakatlığı sebebiyle iptal edilse bile idare bu usul ve şekil sakatlığını gidererek aynı hukuki sonucu amaçlayan yeni bir işlem tesis edebilmekte bu da kamu hizmetlerinin aksamasına ya da kişilerin haklarına erişmede gecikmeye neden olabilmektedir.
Türk hukukunda bunu engellemek amacıyla yargı denetimde şekil sakatlıkları asli ve tali olarak ikiye ayrılarak ele alınmaktadır. Asli şekil sakatlıkları sonucu etkilediğinden iptal edilmekte, tali şekil sakatlıklarında ise sonucu etki etmediğinden hukuka aykırılık görmezden gelinmektedir. İdari süreçte idari işlemin kaldırılması ve geri alınması mümkün olmaktadır. Alman hukukunda idari işlem konusu idari usul kanununda ayrıntılı bir şekilde düzenlenmektedir. Bir idari işlemin hukuka uygun ve geçerli olabilmesi için hangi şartların gerektiği, hangi durumda yok hükmünde olduğu, hangi durumda idari işlemdeki usul ve şekil sakatlıkların sonradan düzeltilebileceği ya da görmezden gelineceği hüküm altına alınmıştır. Bu bağlamda asli şekil sakatlığı olarak görülebilecek gerekçe yükümlülüğüne uyulmaması, hukuki dinlenilme hakkının tanınmaması gibi kanunda sayılan durumlarda bu usul hakları sonradan tanınarak idari işlemdeki usul sakatlıkları giderilmektedir. Böylece idari işlem yapıldığı andan itibaren hukuka uygunluk kazanmaktadır. Ancak bu usul ve şekil sakatlıklarının sonradan düzeltilmesi ilgililerin bu hakları etkili bir şekilde kullanabilmesi durumda söz konusu olmaktadır. Usul ve şekil sakatlıklarının hangi süre zarfında giderilebileceği de usul kanununda belirlenmiştir. İdari aşamada giderilebileceği gibi yargılama aşamasında da esasa ilişkin karar verilinceye kadar mümkündür. Buna karşılık tali nitelikte şekil sakatlıkları işlemin esasına etki etmediği sürece görmezden gelinmektedir. Bunlar hukuka uygun hale gelmese de iptalleri istenememektedir.
Inclusão da criança com espectro autista em sala de aula: desafios e perspectivas familiares
Authors: Da Silva Parley Lopes Bernini , Gouvêa Ana Paula , Oliveira Silvana De Araujo Castro de
Published: December 2021

O artigo analisa os significados atribuídos pelos pais de crianças diagnosticadas com Transtorno do Espectro Autista ao ingresso de seus filhos no ensino regular em Barbacena-MG, sobretudo nos aspectos psicossociais. Metodologicamente demarcado como qualitativo, a aplicação de 12 questionários semiestruturados, aliada ao resgate na literatura pertinente, ofertou o aporte deste trabalho. A análise evidenciou que a percepção dos genitores emerge de que o espaço escolar não se encontra apto para receber seus filhos, sem profissionais capazes de atender suas demandas e peculiaridades, limitando a equidade no ensino. Conclui-se que suas representações são polissêmicas acerca dessa inserção e centralizadas pelo que se tem nos meios de informação, especialmente pela comunicação informal, rotineira, do cotidiano. Após coleta dos dados, revelou-se a necessidade de uma análise mais densa e particularizada deste fenômeno, aliada às falas pelos respondentes.
Javno istraživanje i razvoj i nauka – privredne veze u ekonomskom razvoju: Implikacije za Bosnu i Hercegovinu
Authors: Radošević Slavo
Published: December 2021

Ovaj rad predstavlja trenutno razumijevanje uloge javnog istraživanja i razvoja (I&R) u ekonomskom rastu i veze nauke i privrede u ekonomijama srednjeg nivoa dohotka, poput Bosne i Hercegovine (BiH). U drugom dijelu predstavljamo konvencionalno viđenje veza nauke i privrede koje te veze razmatra prvenstveno u smislu jednosmjernog prijenosa znanja ili njegove komercijalizacije iz istraživanja i razvoja u sektor poslovnih preduzeća. Na osnovu uporednih podataka, koji uključuju i BiH, pokazujemo alternativni pristup i raspravljamo o njegovoj relevantnosti u kontekstu BiH. Naš zaključak je da bi veze nauke i privrede (VNP) trebale podržati ukupno unaprijeđenje tehnologija, a ne (tj. ne samo) rast zasnovan na istraživanju i razvoju. U sljedećem dijelu predstavljamo trenutno razumijevanje uloge javnog istraživanja i razvoja u ekonomskom rastu. Drugi dio istražuje ulogu javnog istraživanja i razvoja u kontekstu konvergencije, dok treći dio posebno istražuje ulogu veza nauke i privrede u kontekstu konvergencije. Četvrti dio predlaže “triple helix” pristup vezama nauke i privrede za konvergencijske ekonomije. Njegove karakteristike ilustrujemo kroz podatke za ekonomije centralne i istočne Europe. Konačno, peti dio daje zaključak sa implikacijama za BiH.
Uticaj prava intelektualnog vlasništva na nacionalne sisteme nauka
Authors: Straus Joseph
Published: December 2021

Nakon izlaganja o postupcima razvoja i korištenja vakcina protiv COVID-19 u 2020. godini, kao primjera uspješne saradnje između akademske zajednice, industrije i vlada u podršci istraživanju i pretvaranju njegovih rezultata u inovacije potpomognute patentima, ovaj rad se okreće nacionalnim naučnim sistemima. Prvo se bavi pionirskom ulogom izveštaja “Nauka, beskrajna granica” (“Science the Endless Frontier”) iz 1945. godine, koji predstavlja Magna cartu američke nauke i njene politike patenata. Pomenuti su i kasniji razvoji u SAD-u koji otkrivaju postupni zaokret od poticanja prijenosa znanja i tehnologije sa institucija koje finansira država na industriju, dopuštajući to samo u obliku neekskluzivnih licenci, do nametanja obaveze komercijalizacije rezultata istraživanja javnom istraživačkom sektoru, dopuštajući ekskluzivne licence i prijenos prava intelektualnog vlasništva privatnim kompanijama, a sve uz prepoznavanje i očuvanje akademske slobode i istraživanja. Dalje, rad tematizira razvoj na razvoj događaja u zemljama u kojima su zakonodavci generalno slijedili američki model. Naposlijetku, ovaj prilog govori o sistemu prava intelektualnog vlasništva u svjetlu specifičnih potreba akademskih istraživača.
The Crisis of Ethically Neutral Science
Authors: Babić Mile
Published: December 2021

Current crisis of morality in scientific and technical civilization leads us to a common ruin because modern science (which is free of morality) is inextricably linked to technology, and can therefore be called technoscience. As such, today it has a monopoly on knowledge of the world and therefore has the greatest power in history and is in tight collusion with the holders of power: the economy, politics, medicine, media, countries and multinational corporations. To have the greatest imaginable power (which, according to Kant, corrupts the freedom of mental reasoning), while being free from the morals that limit that power, means to turn the world into a world of the most modern barbarism and violence, destruction and self-destruction. Only morally responsible science is capable for future and it is the premise of a civilization capable of the future. Only responsible science can prevent science from turning into a comprehensive dogma. Therefore, science must be free from any ideology that depicts reality in black and white and thus produces vanity, hatred and violence. Global science requires a global ethos (global responsibility). Science cares about the truth that liberates us from lies and connects us into a single community. The fundamental ethical imperative primum non nocere (“first, do no harm”) is valid everywhere and forever. Ethically responsible science requires a change in the consciousness of the individual and a rediscovery of the idea of brotherhood. No human action should undermine and destroy existing reality, but rather improve it.
SWOT Analysis of the Innovation System in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Authors: Trifković Miloš
Published: December 2021

The current global position of Bosnia and Herzegovina confirms the findings of previous research that in our country there is no single or at least harmonized and efficient innovation system, appropriate to the needs of the development of knowledge society and the knowledge economy. The first steps in determining the reasons for this situation are SWOT analyses of the position and role of the innovation system within the general strategic and sectorial research and technology transfer planning. The paper discusses the most important results of matrices obtained and compares them with the findings of our latest research. The first result is a concise SWOT matrix of the innovation system. The results of the elaboration of individual factors we present in a detailed SWOT matrix based on elements of strength. This matrix also showed that uniform and stabilized higher education is the most important element of the strength of the innovation system. Therefore, the paper specifically discusses characteristics of universities as subjects of the innovation system.
Environmental Management System towards Environmental Performance of Hotel Industry: Does Corporate Social Responsibility Authenticity Really Matter?
Authors: Yousaf Zahid , Radulescu Magdalena , Nassani Abdelmohsen , Aldakhil Abdullah Mohammed , Jianu Elena
Published: December 2021

Environmental Management Initiatives (EMI), as part of the sustainability management movement, have become an integrated part of the organisational management practices and of the current research. Since the implementation of Environmental Management System (EMS), there have been many studies analysing this relationship with the environmental performance. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) also gained a great importance for the organisations’ performance, including their performance in the environmental area. However, previous studies analysed the direct link between those variables and environmental performance, while the mediating effect of those variables has not been tested yet because using a mediator in the relationship between two variables is a rather new approach in the research area used in the behavioural sciences area. This research analyses the role of EMI in defining the Environmental Performance (EP) of hotel industry, given the strong relationship between those two variables and the importance of the tourism sector for the economic development, both in the developed, but especially in the developing countries. It also investigates the CSR authenticity as mediator between EMI and EP link. Data was collected through a questionnaire of managers of the hotels in Pakistan. Correlation, Structural Equation Model and linear regressions were applied for testing the hypotheses and for checking the viability of the model. Findings revealed that EMI and CSR authenticity are important and significant determinants of EP in the hotel industry. Findings show that CSR authenticity acts as a mediator for the EMI and EP link. The stakeholder pressures and customers’ environmental awareness have forced the hotel industry to implement environmental standards and this shift of focus is more important in the hotel industry. The current research demonstrates that efforts of EMI is a prerequisite for enhancing CSR authenticity in the environmental area, and this, in its turn, contributes to the increase of the EP of hotel and tourism sector in a developing country. Given the lack of large financial resources of the developing countries, this model is an important outcome for the tourism industry that helps hotels to become green, to attract more clients and to gain competitive advantages.
Millets Cereal Grains: Nutritional Composition and Utilisation in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Eugenia Ramashia Shonisani , E. Mashau Mpho , O. Onipe Oluwatoyin
Published: December 2021

Millets are small to medium size cereal grain crops that are cultivated throughout the tropics and subtropical region. The grains are used for food and fodder for feeding animals around the globe. Millets have great economic, health importance, gluten-free, have low glycemic index and are known as “nutra–cereals”. The grains are mostly utilised as a food source by population with lower socio-economic factors which are traditional consumers in the farm and village levels. They are rich sources of carbohydrates, protein, crude fibre, phytochemicals, minerals, and vitamins. They are processed by using different traditional processes such as soaking, germination, malting, fermentation, milling or grinding, cooking, roasting and popping. Millet grains/ flours are utilised and consumed as flat breads, biscuits, snacks, beverages, porridges, chapati, dosa, pastas. There is a need to produce new value-added products from millets which is underutilised crop to improve food security and prevent micronutrients deficiencies.
Covid-19 Vaccines and Institutional Trust
Authors: Jesús González-Melado Fermín , Luisa Di Pietro María
Published: December 2021

Major public and private laboratories entered into a race to find an effective Covid-19 vaccine. With the arrival of the vaccines, governments have to implement vaccination programs to achieve the necessary immunization levels to prevent further transmission of the disease. In this context, the ethical dilemma of compulsory vaccination vs. voluntary vaccination has been raised. Underlying this dilemma lies the problem of the ethical models on which the political decisions of governments in health matters based. The chapter proposes and argues the need to base health policy decisions on an ethical “first person” model, based on personal responsibility, that allows us to move from a normative ethic to an ethic of responsible behavior. This change in the ethical model, together with certain proposals for political action, will help us to restore institutional trust, so that the necessary levels of collective immunity against Covid-19 can be achieved through the voluntary vaccination of the citizens.
The Modalities of American Whiteness
Authors: Anderson Patrick D. ,   Caribbean Philosophical Association
Published: December 2021

Philosophers tend to conceive of whiteness as having only one modality, treating it as a single social, political, and historical phenomenon. Philosophers ought to abandon this habit and instead recognize that there are many whitenesses, that whiteness has a plurality of modalities. Drawing upon Charles Mills’ non-ideal theory, Michael James’s political ontology, and Matthew Frye Jacobson’s cultural history, this study develops a non-ideal political ontology of whiteness that demonstrates various modes of whiteness and the roles they play in the different political claims of various groups of Europeans-descended people in the United States. While an exhaustive account of whiteness’ various modalities is beyond the scope of one essay, this article presents a case study of multimodal whiteness the United States during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, tracing out four modalities of American whiteness: Anglo-Saxon whiteness, Plantation whiteness, Frontier whiteness, and Urban whiteness. By freeing philosophy of race from monolithic conceptions of whiteness, we can better understand and diagnose how reigns of white supremacy are passed from one group of whites to another, and we can see how prevailing political ontologies of whiteness at specific historical times and places shape the resulting white supremacist structures.
The geological structure effects on slopes stability and tunnels of metamorphic rocks at Poboya gold mine Palu
Authors: Rifa'i Ahmad , Ramadhani Sriyati , Wilopo Wahyu
Published: December 2021

Poboya area has many geological structures that result in distribution of strength and stress of rocks not evenly distributed, as a result, the rock mass strength becomes disturbed and slopes become unstable. The objective of the study was to determine the geological structure effect on slope stability and tunnel conditions on metamorphic rocks at the Poboya gold mine. The study was conducted in the Mantikulore sub-district, Palu, Central Sulawesi. Lithology composing study area is metamorphic rocks consisting of gneiss and schist, therefore, the analysis was carried out on both locations which have many geological structures. Numerical analysis was performed applying the finite element method with the RS2 program assistance. The findings show that the safety factor value of the existing slope at gneiss and schist location under static loading is 4.6 and 2.72, if there is an earthquake it becomes 1.07 and 0.77. The safety factor value under static loading with the joint is 4.58 and 2.03, while under dynamic loading with joint, it becomes 0.94 and 0.64. The geological structure effect which represented by the joint gave a big impact with a decrease of safety factor at gneiss about 0.43% under static loading and 80% under dynamic loading. Meanwhile, at schist, safety factor decreased 25% under static loading and 76% under dynamic loading. For tunnel stability, the existence of joint will increase the displacement of 65% at gneiss under static loading and 84% under dynamic loading, while at schist, it increases 25% under static loading and 54% under dynamic loading. This illustrates that geological structures under dynamic loading affect significantly slope stability of Poboya gold mine.