bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Before and After Scripture
Authors: Stackert Jeffrey
Published: October 2020

With special focus on the law of judges in the Temple Scroll (LI:11–18) and the pentateuchal texts that it engages, this article examines the treatment of narrative chronology in the revision of pentateuchal texts. It argues that, although what first facilitated the reception of the Torah as a unified text was the pentateuchal compiler’s chronological arrangement of its plot, early Jewish revisionary interpreters rejected this chronological arrangement even as they accepted the Torah as a unified whole. In rejecting the chronology of the Torah’s narrative, early Jewish interpreters mimicked the authors of the Torah sources, who themselves disregarded the chronologies of the plots in their thematically-based revisions of their literary precursors. They also used this thematic, conflationary hermeneutic as an alternative basis for Torah unity.
Early Texts of the Torah
Authors: Ben-Dov Jonathan
Published: October 2020

The paper seeks a new way to understand the early activity within versions of the Torah. It builds on two recent developments. First, a refined understanding of the so-called “harmonizations” in the pre-Samaritan Pentateuch and the circulation of this version in early Hellenistic Palestine. Second, new insights with regard to the extent of Homeric scholarship in contemporary Alexandria, and of the type of contact between this activity and Jewish literati. The result is a new view of the pre-Samaritan text as an academic – rather than popular – text, which corresponds with academic textual practices elsewhere. It seeks to smooth out narratological problems in the text, basing itself on the image of Moses as a faultless author. This view explains the continuum between the various attestations of the pre-SP in Qumran and elsewhere. We show that previous explanations of the pre-Samaritan text duplications as a sequel to phenomenon in cuneiform literature are unwarranted. Finally, it is suggested to project from the explicit discussions about the legitimacy of academic Torah texts in Jewish-Hellenistic writings on their less explicit contemporaries in Judea. This reasoning paves the way for a renewed evaluation of the early stages of the conservative version, known as proto-MT, being part of the same dynamics.
Mountains Hanging by a Strand?
Authors: Siegal Michal Bar-Asher
Published: October 2020

Mishnah Ḥagigah 1:8 provides three categories for conceptualizing the relationship between various rabbinic laws and Scripture: (1) laws flying in the air with nothing to lean on; (2) laws akin to “mountains hanging by a strand, since they are little Scripture and many laws,” and (3) laws having “upon what to lean, and it is they that are the bodies of the Torah.” This article examines this self-reflection as to the nature of the rabbinic halakhic system and offers a new understanding of its content, focusing mostly on a philological examination of the enigmatic metaphor of “mountains hanging by a strand.”
Bavli Menaḥot 29b and the Diminution
Authors: Yadin-Israel Azzan
Published: October 2020

The first part of this essay offers a new interpretation of the narrative in b. Men. 29b that sees Moses travel forward in time to Rabbi Akiva’s bet midrash. Though this passage has been discussed extensively, I argue that scholars have failed to note the overriding significance of the corresponding mishnah (m. Men. 3.7) for the interpretation of the Bavli. To wit, the tale of God delaying the completion of the Torah in order to append crowns to the letter, is a narrative midrash on the phrase כתב אחד מעכב in the Mishnah. In the second part of the essay, I examine the image of Rabbi Akiva as one who is able to bring to light the interpretive secrets hidden in the Torah. I argue that this view represents the return of a model of interpretive authority that enjoyed great prominence in Second Temple literature but lost favor in Tannaitic sources.
A Building with Jewish Elements in Limyra/Turkey – A Synagogue?
Authors: Seyer Martin , Lotz Helmut
Published: October 2020

This article gives a preliminary excavation report about a building in the Lycian city of Limyra and the finds which were made in it. In the north-east corner of the building – the only part excavated so far – one room was equipped with a marble wall revetment and windows with glass of at least four different colors. Inside, a square water basin was supplied by collected rainwater which was channeled through a terracotta pipe into the basin. Some elements suggest that the basin was used for bathing. The entry to the building led from the main street into a vestibule, which was originally partially open at the front. At a later period, the floor of the building was raised to its current level by means of two stone slabs and two pillars which were in secondary use. The two slabs are remnants of chancel screens decorated with three menorah images. The front side of one of the slabs is decorated also with a shofar and the second one also with a lulav. The combination of these features suggests that the building was connected with the Jewish community of Limyra. The chancel screens indicate that a synagogue was once located in the immediate vicinity. It is therefore not improbable that the building itself was this synagogue.
Between Salem and Mount Gerizim: The Context of the Formation of the Torah Reconsidered
Authors: Houston Walter J.
Published: October 2020

Building on recent suggestions, I argue that the final composition of the Pentateuch in the Persian period was the result of common enterprise or compromise between the province of Samaria and Jerusalem. This is based on an examination of the historical circumstances as well as on the contents and text of the Pentateuch. Contrary to the picture painted in Ezra-Nehemiah, there were good relationships and contacts between the upper classes of the two provinces throughout the period, and it is probable that the priestly staff of the temple of Argarizim, which recent evidence shows was established in the mid fifth century, was closely related to that of Jerusalem. The identities of both holy places are hinted at in the text. The likely original text of Deut 27:2–8 ordains sacrifice to be made and the Torah to be inscribed on Mount Gerizim (v. 4), not on Mount Ebal as in the MT. This either suggested the establishment of the sanctuary there (Kartveit), or was suggested by it (Nihan). On the other hand, Gen 14:18 refers to Jerusalem under the name of Salem. The Torah contains material of northern origin, and some of it, especially the story of Joseph, originated relatively late. The Tabernacle and ritual texts in P do not, as often thought, represent the Jerusalem temple, but an ideal sanctuary, and they are available to reform the practice of both temples. The MT, like the Samaritan Pentateuch, contains revisions away from the common inheritance.
Prophecy Rewritten: Use of Scriptural Traditions in 4QPseudo-Ezekiel
Authors: Zahn Molly M.
Published: October 2020

Despite the amount of attention and study given to “rewritten scripture” and related phenomena in recent years, a number of texts that appear to employ rewriting have not been fully analyzed from this perspective, including 4QPseudo-Ezekiel. This study provides a detailed examination of the ways 4QPseudo-Ezekiel interacts with known versions of scripture and integrates the results of that examination into the larger conversation surrounding the various forms and purposes of rewriting in Second Temple Judaism. The evidence suggests that the goals and functions of scriptural reuse in 4QPseudo-Ezekiel closely resemble those of “rewritten scripture” texts like the Temple Scroll and Jubilees. At the same time, connections between the text and ideology of 4QPseudo-Ezekiel and that of versions of what became the biblical book of Ezekiel highlight the importance of joining study of “rewritten scripture” with study of the textual development of books of the Hebrew Bible.
The Hermeneutics of Scribal Rewriting in Targum Jonathan Ezek 1
Authors: Tooman William A.
Published: October 2020

This paper examines a number of expansions and rewordings in Tg. J. Ezek 1 that alter or elaborate upon the description of the celestial creatures. The object is threefold: to identify textual cues within the Targum’s Vorlage that sparked expansions or rewordings, to explain the exegetical choices reflected in those expansions and rewordings, and to deduce something about the hermeneutical assumptions under which those choices were made. Along the way, I explain several features of the Targum in new ways, but the principal objects of my inquiry are the scribes responsible for Targum Jonathan and the various ways that they interacted with their Hebrew Vorlage. I propose that the expansions and rewordings never reflect exuberance or whimsy on the part of the targumic scribes. Rather, they represent a disciplined effort to produce an accurate reading of their Hebrew text, undertaken according to certain hermeneutical assumptions, assumptions that are co-extensive with their assumptions about the nature of their source texts as scripture.
“Their Peace or Prosperity”
Authors: Rainey Brian
Published: October 2020

This article contends that “hereditary punishment,” defined as, “biblical scenarios in which an act committed by a person or a group of people has negative effects on the descendants of that person or people” is the most prominent rationale offered for the exclusion of foreigners, or “people(s) of the land(s)” in Ezra 9–10 and Nehemiah 13. Whereas some exegetes contend that Ezra-Nehemiah excludes these foreigners due to a fear that “idolatrous” religious practices will proliferate among the Exile community, this article looks at how the appeals to Leviticus 18 and 20 in Ezra 9 and to Deuteronomy 23 in Nehemiah 13 reveal that these foreigners have been excluded because they committed offenses against Yahweh or the Exile community for which they and their descendants should be punished. Ezra 9, by referencing concepts found in Leviticus 18 and 20, claims that the local non-Judean population should be excluded because they committed “abominations” and thereby defiled the land. Nehemiah 13:1–3, by referencing Deut 23:4–9, claims that these foreigners should be excluded because they acted like Ammon and Moab by obstructing the Exile community’s restoration. As a result, it is unclear whether or not Ezra-Nehemiah excludes all foreigners from the Exile community or whether the exclusion is limited to non-Judeans in close proximity, who were perceived to have committed an offense of some kind.
Deborah, Huldah, and Innibana
Authors: Stökl Jonathan
Published: October 2020

In this paper I examine three female prophets: Deborah (Judg 4–5), Huldah (2 Kgs 22 and 2 Chr 34), and Innibana (ARM 26 205). The focus is on how female prophets are constructed in these texts and contexts. For the scholar of the ancient Near East, Huldah looks like a familiar character, with the twist that her authority is constructed differently from that of non-biblical ancient Near Eastern prophets. Deborah’s combination of judge and prophet is even more noticeable in that regard. The construction of Deborah as a woman within Israelite society in that text is rather ambiguous. As I will argue, this ambiguity is characteristic of Second Temple construction of female prophecy.
“She Dared to Reprove Her Father:” Miriam’s Image as a Female Prophet in Rabbinic Interpretation
Authors: Siquans Agnethe
Published: October 2020

This article discusses rabbinic references to Miriam’s prophetic speaking and the question of her value as a female prophet. The focus is on specific passages in the Babylonian Talmud Sotah and Exodus Rabbah and their portrait of Miriam as a female prophet. Other rabbinic texts add some further aspects to this picture. In contrast to the biblical accounts in Exod 2 and 15, the rabbinic texts transfer Miriam’s prophecy to her childhood and focus on Moses alone. Furthermore, Miriam’s prophecy is restricted to family affairs and the birth of children, in particular Moses’s birth. She is elaborately depicted as a motherly and caring midwife. Rabbinic interpretations of Num 12 criticize her speech as improper for a woman. Thus, Miriam’s image as a female prophet in rabbinic texts remains ambivalent, estimating her role as a prophet and, at the same time, criticizing her as a woman and restricting her to the “female” sphere of family and care.
Unreliability and Gender?
Authors: Tervanotko Hanna
Published: October 2020

In this article I analyze disbelief of the divine messages transmitted by female figures in the Jewish texts Liber Antiquitatum Biblicarum, Jubilees, and the Sibylline Oracles. After a careful reading of these passages I turn to the portrayal of the figure of Cassandra in ancient Greek literature. While Cassandra’s prophecies are truthful, she is not believed and instead is accused of being mentally ill. Significantly, Cassandra does not appear randomly in ancient Greek texts; her depiction invites the public to ask questions concerning truth and persuasion. This article considers the treatment of Cassandra as a possible model for understanding the characterizations of women prophets as unreliable in ancient Jewish texts. Finally I argue that whereas in Greek texts both men and women appear as unreliable prophets, in the Jewish texts unreliability appears to be a female characteristic.
The Animal Bone Deposits at Qumran
Authors: Mizzi Dennis
Published: October 2020

Despite numerous attempts at elucidating the significance of the animal bone deposits, the phenomenon remains one of the elusive aspects of Qumran archaeology. Among the many proposed hypotheses, there are those that see the deposits as the remains of sacrifices carried out at Qumran, a line of interpretation that has been picked up afresh by Jodi Magness. In the present paper I argue that, while Magness makes a compelling case for seeing the bone deposits as the remains of sacrifices, the totality of the evidence does not seem to support her notion that sacrifices were offered at Qumran. Nonetheless, Magness’ hypothesis provides important foundations for further explorations of the significance of the deposits. Two alternatives are suggested, namely that the animal bones could represent sacrificial remains from animals offered in the Jerusalem temple but consumed at Qumran or that they could be evidence for the ritualization of ordinary meals involving meat partaken there. In the end, it must be acknowledged that this phenomenon may very much present us with an unsolvable riddle – the bone deposits may be identified as the remains of ritual activity, but its meaning may well be unrecoverable.
Reconsidering Reclining at Qumran
Authors: Marks Susan
Published: October 2020

This article reexamines the default assumption that diners did not recline at Qumran. It not only investigates the sparseness of the evidence for meals eaten while sitting, but also considers what has been overlooked in ignoring the possibility of more elaborate celebratory dining in connection with the Qumran sectarians. Building on scholarship that offers parallels between Qumran and Hellenistic Voluntary Associations, as well as reconsidering the Community Rule and the archaeological evidence from the site, this article investigates new ways of looking at the evidence of Qumran. These nuances can challenge presumptions of homogeneous eating practices, allowing for other possibilities, such as that the community only “dined” on Shabbat, or once a month, in smaller dining spaces, while the largest dining space may have been used otherwise, by everyone, when they ate but did not dine.
“I am Not a Butcher”
Authors: Novick Tzvi
Published: October 2020

Rabbinic halakhah encompasses numerous areas wherein determination of the facts pertinent to the law appears to demand something like professional expertise. Cases of this sort introduce a dialectical dynamic of interest to the sociology of law. On the one hand, such cases can be construed as rabbinic assertions of authority over the relevant professional field. On the other hand, rabbis undermine their authority insofar as they expose themselves to dependence upon non-rabbinic experts, unless they can either produce experts from within their own ranks, or so frame the relevant laws as to somehow render complex determination of fact less necessary. In this article, I take up the relationship between rabbis and butchers, or between rabbinic law and the production and sale of meat. The most significant intersections, real and conceptual, between rabbis and butchers in the classical rabbinic corpus occur around the law of the “torn” animal, the terefah. The article therefore focuses on it, but not to the exclusion of other relevant bodies of law. In part one, I attempt to explain the origins of the innovations in tannaitic terefah law that distinguish it from its biblical and Second Temple predecessors. I suggest that these innovations represent, at least in part, analogical extensions of the law of blemishes. One consequence of the elaboration of terefah law and related bodies of law is rabbinic dependence on a range of professional experts, first and foremost butchers, for determination of relevant facts, and even for clarification of obscure legal terms. Such dependence, and related features of terefah law that arise from the complexity of its factual basis, are the subject of part two. Dependence is one movement in the dynamic described above. The opposite movement is control, in this case over meat production. Whether or not a desire to extend rabbinic control motivated the expansion of terefah law – this question is impossible to answer – we do frequently find rabbis and butchers coming into conflict over terefah law and related areas of law. I offer some brief reflections on such conflicts in part three. An appendix takes up the case of the hunter and the fowler, who are to the domain of undomesticated animals what the butcher is to that of domestic animals.
Ezekiel’s Exagoge and the Politics of Hellenistic Theatre
Authors: Anthony Keddie G. , MacLellan Jonathan
Published: October 2020

The debate over the Jewish, Greek, or mixed social settings of Ezekiel’s Exagoge often focuses on whether the play was intended for performance in a Greek theatre. Consequently, much scholarship has attempted to define the play’s import to a reconstructed audience. This effort, while fruitful, has distracted scholars from the ways that this tragedy resonated with the broader parameters and ramifications of theatre culture in its particular social context. Our paper redirects the discussion by parsing the ways that the Exagoge engages with the theatre culture of Ptolemaic Alexandria. Literary and epigraphic evidence reveals that Hellenistic performance culture, no less than its Classical forebears, was markedly political. Festivals, including the penteteric Ptolemaieia in Alexandria, were an important means for communicating the ideology of the Hellenistic royal dynasties. Drawing on Catherine Bell’s understanding of “redemptive hegemony” as the way that human practices simultaneously convey an understanding of power relations in society and a vision for strategic empowerment, we interrogate the ways that the Exagoge both affirms and critiques Ptolemaic politics by invoking the same performative setting usually exploited as a means of royal acclamation.
Spectacle, Stage-Craft, and the Tragic in Philo’s In Flaccum
Authors: Jay Jeff
Published: October 2020

This article provides a literary analysis of how references to spectacle and stage-craft function in Philo’s In Flaccum, which is a valuable text for understanding Philo’s complex and seemingly contradictory attitudes toward the theater, stage-craft, and drama. After marching Jews into the theater of Alexandria for punishment during the pogrom, Flaccus becomes a spectacle himself when Philo portrays Flaccus’s deportation to exile as a procession. By staging an elaborate textual spectacle starring the deposed Flaccus, Philo exploits the well-attested punitive dimension of spectacles. Through exhibition he is able to maximize justice, comfort the Jewish victims, and issue a deterrent to future powerholders over Jews. Philo, moreover, imbues the narrative of Flaccus’s demise with an overriding sense of tragedy by eliciting several of tragedy’s motifs and moods, including reversal, revenge, recognition, lamentation, and emotionalism. This elicits sympathy for Flaccus, which reinforces the warning that his plight could be the plight of any Roman ruler, each of whom must decide how like or unlike Flaccus he will govern. Philo thus shows himself to be deeply acculturated in the communicative dynamics of the spectacles and, through these references, is able to craft his own complex textual display. He thus participates in spectacle-creation himself, and this allows him to comfort and defend his people and speak powerfully back to leading power holders.
Jesus, Mary, and Akiva ben Joseph
Authors: Brodsky David
Published: October 2020

Early parallels to and commentaries on Massekhet Kallah (a rabbinic text from the Talmudic Period) read the story in it about a woman and her ill-conceived son as being about Jesus and Mary. While some modern scholars have shied away from this reading, I argue in this paper that Massekhet Kallah should be read as engaging its cultural context, particularly its Syriac Christian milieu. In the passage under discussion, Rabbi Akiva tricks the woman into revealing the circumstances under which her son was conceived by falsely promising her life in the world-to-come. False oaths, however, are strictly forbidden in rabbinic literature, which leaves scholars scrambling to justify Rabbi Akiva’s behavior. Read as an anti-Christian polemic, this and other anomalies begin to make sense and seem to be crafted to counter Christian ideology. If the narrative is read through this lens, it appears that the author is attempting to establish that Jesus is not the son of God, but the product of adulterous and impure sex; that the “true” revelation is of Jesus’ lowly birth rather than his divine conception; and that rabbis, rather than Jesus, have the power to grant a person eternal life. Typical of polemical literature, certain passages, like the one about the child and his mother, attack central Christian tenets, and the broader themes of Massekhet Kallah do appear to be wrestling with its Christian counterparts over the definitions of holiness and sexual asceticism; however, other passages present stories that can be read as consistent with those proliferating in the Christian monastic literature of the Egyptian desert fathers popular in Syriac Christianity. Taken together, the evidence suggests that Massekhet Kallah is a text that is engaging with its Christian milieu – at times striving with it and at times consonant with it. This article, then, is an experiment in reading Massekhet Kallah in that Christian context.
Negotiating “White Rooster” Magic and Binitarian Christology
Authors: Kiel Yishai
Published: October 2020

The article explores a set of religious and mythical motifs found in a Jewish Babylonian Aramaic magic bowl from the Moussaieff collection (M 163), which includes references to the sun god Šamaš(-Mithra); Jesus, his heavenly Father, and the cross; binitarian Christology; the oppression of the Great Man of the End and Suffering Messiah; a cosmic bird referred to as White Rooster; and a semi-divine angelic figure called ḤRWM AḤRWM. These motifs are situated in the broader context of contemporaneous Jewish Babylonian traditions incorporated in the talmudic, mystical, and magical corpora, on the one hand, and the surrounding Christian, Syro-Mesopotamian, and Iranian cultures, on the other hand. The article contributes to the decentralization of Greco-Roman culture as the sole context for ancient Judaism as well as the decentralization of rabbinic expressions as representative of ancient Jewish culture at large. The cultural mapping of the religious and mythical motifs found in this magic bowl, both within and beyond the confines of Jewish Babylonia, exemplifies the complex and dynamic nature of the participation of Jewish Babylonian magic practitioners, not only in the larger fabric of contemporaneous talmudic, mystical, and magical currents in Jewish culture, but also in the broader framework of the Christian, Syro-Mesopotamian, and Iranian cultures that pervaded the Sasanian East.
From Jerusalem to Āl-Yāhūdu
Authors: Golub Mitka R. , Zilberg Peter
Published: October 2020

This paper presents the study of 265 names from the first generations of Judean exiles found in documents from Babylonia dated from 572 to 477 B. C. E. Many of these exiles resided in Āl-Yāhūdu and its vicinity. The names were first analyzed based on their theophoric elements, most common roots of predicative elements, geography, and chronology. They were then compared with personal names in artifacts from archaeological excavations, from Israel and Judah, dating from the Iron Age II. The results revealed that the Iron Age II onomastic trends in Judah continue to prevail among the first generations of Judean exiles in Babylonia. These onomastic trends include a high percentage of theophoric names, mainly Yahwistic names; rare occurrences of divine names other than YHWH or El; and שלם as the most common root in names.
Social Identity in the Letter of Aristeas
Authors: Hacham Noah , Sagiv Lilach
Published: October 2020

The Letter of Aristeas has long been considered the work most emblematic, elucidatory and declarative of Jewish identity in Hellenistic Egypt. The work embraces emphatically Jewish content alongside a profound identification with Hellenistic concepts, ideas and frameworks. This complexity has intrigued scholars and it continues to do so as they attempt to qualify the essential identity that the author of the Letter of Aristeas seeks to promote and to transmit. The question of identity is two-faceted: First, it explores the nature of the affinity between the Jewish and Hellenistic components in the doctrine advocated by the Letter of Aristeas. Second, it strives to identify the threat and the danger that the author confronts and deplores. In our discussion we aim to provide answers to these questions. Furthermore, we introduce a new conceptualization of the way the Letter of Aristeas combines and “manages” the various identities and their constituent details. For that aim, we draw on models from the realm of social psychology, which we have found to be eminently useful in understanding the complex and dynamic nature of the identities of Antique Jewry. We reason that considering models of social identity could provide us with a fresh perspective of the text, which allows for a new understanding of the complex and dynamic nature of the identities as they appear in the Letter of Aristeas.
Marital Bond and Genealogical Anxiety – Reaffirming the Schism between Rabbinic Texts from Babylonia and the Land of Israel
Authors: Lavee Moshe
Published: October 2020

Societies are constituted of thick networks of intersecting constructs: genealogical anxiety is bound up with stronger patriarchal family structures. Goody and Guichard portrayed two clusters of social features – the “Occidental” (bi-lineal family model, strengthened nuclear family, solid husband-wife relationship, monogamy, loose gender separation, and a higher status of women); and the “Oriental” (patrilineal model, broader family structure, weak husband-wife relationship, tribal importance attributed to genealogy, codes of honor and shame, legitimacy of polygamy, rigid gender separation, a lower status of women, active men, and female passivity). Following these taxonomies, the article explores the relationship between genealogical anxiety and intersecting social commitments in classical and early medieval rabbinic culture: Talmudic and Midrashic stories, as well as an exegetical narrative from an unknown Midrash preserved in the Genizah. It also claims that the earlier sources are proven helpful in reaffirming the claim for a different mode of genealogical anxiety in Babylonian sources.
Priests without a Temple: On Priests and Rabbis in Sasanian Babylonia
Authors: Herman Geoffrey
Published: October 2020

Rabbis and priests are often viewed as two groups in competition and rabbinic sources relating to priests are consequently interpreted through a prism of conflict. While focusing on the situation in Sasanian Babylonia, this paper posits that the ancient sources point to a more complex situation whereby there is also much evidence of a positive attitude towards the priesthood in rabbinic sources. These sources must of necessity be treated seriously in any appraisal of the interaction between rabbis and priests.
Annotated list of Cyanoprokaryota from Murmansk Region. II. Oscillatoriales
Authors: Davydov D. A.
Published: October 2020

The results of studies of Cyanoprokaryota (Cyanophyta, Cyanobacteria) of the Murmansk Region are presented. The list of Oscillatoriales contains 67 species. 8 species were reported as new records for Murmansk Region.
Report on an open online meeting of experts — chief freelance specialists of the North Caucasus Federal District, in the framework of the scientifi c and practical conference NOGR “From infl ammation to dysfunction” (Pyatigorsk September 10, 2020)
Authors: Perekalina M. V.
Published: October 2020

.
Set inner amenability for semigroups
Authors: AMİNİ NİA Moslem , EBADİAN Ali
Published: October 2020

In this paper, we present a new concept of inner amenability for a non-empty arbitrary subset A of discrete semigroup S called A-inner amenablility. This condition is considerably weaker than ordinary inner amenability. Further, we give some equivalent conditions between this version of inner amenability and Flner'scondition.
Jurnal Harian/Mingguan
Authors: Setiawan Muh Iswahyudi
Published: October 2020

Kuliah Kerja Lapang Plus (KKLP) merupakan suatu Kegiatan perkuliahan yang bersifat intrakulikuler dalam bentuk pengabdian pada masyarakat yang dilakukan oleh mahasiswa dalam jangka waktu tertentu. oleh karena, sifatnya intrakurikuler sehingga setiap mahasiswa yang akan menyelesaikan studi diperguruan tinggi pada suatu program strata (S1) harus mengikuti KKLP.
Penulisan Populer
Authors: Makmur Zulkifli
Published: October 2020

Artikel ini merupakan hasil presentasi kiat-kiat menulis esai di acara KOMA Universitas Negeri Padang. Penulis berusaha memaparkan cara-cara mudah menciptakan tulisan yang luwes, estetik, dan mudah dicerna.
The Summary Of “Strategi Implementasi Knowledge Management”
Authors: Sunarti  , Zebua Rony Sandra Yofa
Published: October 2020

The book of “Strategi Implementasi Knowledge Management” written by Prof. Dr. Jann Hidajat Tjakraatmadja and Didin Kristinawati, S.T., M.Sc. Dr (cand.) tells all about Knowledge Management (KM). It is started from the discussion related to the reason why KM is important. And then the writers tell about the characteristic of the KM including the terminology of the knowledge itself, KM and also the goal of the KM. The next chapters contain respectively the paradigm and the principle of KM, the framework of KM from 4 types of models, how to measure organizational readiness on implementing KM, the process of KM and the last chapter says about the strategy to implement KM including the steps of the process and the formula of the process of KM implementation strategy.
The energy content of whole and semi-processed baobab (Adansonia digitata) fruit and seeds
Authors: Wood Brian
Published: October 2020

This short report describes field and lab experiments used to determine the energy content of 1 kg of baobab fruit in two forms: 1) whole unprocessed fruit and 2) semi-processed fruit that has had the outer shell removed. These goal of this report is to permit researchers to accurately estimate the energy content of baobab fruit as weighed during anthropological research with Hadza hunter-gatherers of northern Tanzania. The estimates assume that the seed of the baobab is being cracked open and the “nutmeat” consumed, as is customarily done by Hadza. The baobab fruit is an economically important wild plant food in many parts of Africa, and global demand for the fruit is growing, and thus these results have value for a variety of audiences. Based on the analyses reported below, I estimate that 1 kilogram of whole unprocessed baobab represents an expected energy value of 1057 kcal. One kilogram of semi-processed baobab has an expected energy value of 1791 kcal. Incorporating the relative fraction of baobab that is brought to camp by Hadza in these two forms, I estimate that 1 kilogram of field-weighed baobab has an average energy content of 1339 kcal, or 1.339 kcal / gram.
How to protect the credibility of articles published in predatory journals
Authors: Yamada Yuki
Published: October 2020

Predatory journals often prey on innocent researchers who are unaware of the threat they pose. This paper discusses what researchers can do if they unintentionally publish a paper in a predatory journal, including measures to take before submission, during peer review, and after the journal has accepted a manuscript. The specific recommendations discussed are pre-registration, pre-submission peer-review, open peer-review, request for additional reviewers, post-publication peer review, open recommendation, and treatment as unrefereed. These measures may help to ensure the credibility of the article, even if it is published in a predatory journal. The present article suggests that an open and multi-layered assessment of research content enhances the credibility of all research articles, even those published in non-predatory journals. If applied consistently by researchers in various fields, the suggested measures may enhance reproducibility and promote the advancement of science.
Dramatic changes to well-known places go unnoticed
Authors: Rosenbaum R. Shayna , Halilova Julia G. , Agnihotri Sabrina , D'Angelo Maria C. , Winocur Gordon , Ryan Jennifer , Moscovitch Morris
Published: October 2020

How well do we know our city? It turns out, much more poorly than we might imagine. We used declarative memory and eye-tracking techniques to examine people’s ability to detect modifications of landmarks in Toronto locales with which they have had extensive experience. Participants were poor at identifying which scenes contained altered landmarks, whether the modification was to the landmarks’ relative size, internal features, or surrounding context. To determine whether an indirect measure would prove more sensitive, we tracked eye movements during viewing. Changes in overall visual exploration, but not to specific regions of change, were related to participants’ explicit endorsement of scenes as modified. These results support the contention that very familiar landmarks are strongly integrated within the spatial context in which they were first experienced, so that any changes that are consciously detected are at a global or coarse, but not local or fine-grained, level.
Inference of a universal social scale and segregation measures using social connectivity kernels
Authors: Hoffmann Till , Jones Nick S.
Published: October 2020

How people connect with one another is a fundamental question in the social sciences, and the resulting social networks can have a profound impact on our daily lives. Blau offered a powerful explanation: people connect with one another based on their positions in a social space. Yet a principled measure of social distance, allowing comparison within and between societies, remains elusive. We use the connectivity kernel of conditionally independent edge models to develop a family of segregation statistics with desirable properties: they offer an intuitive and universal characteristic scale on social space (facilitating comparison across datasets and societies), are applicable to multivariate and mixed node attributes, and capture segregation at the level of individuals, pairs of individuals and society as a whole. We show that the segregation statistics can induce a metric on Blau space (a space spanned by the attributes of the members of society) and provide maps of two societies. Under a Bayesian paradigm, we infer the parameters of the connectivity kernel from 11 ego-network datasets collected in four surveys in the UK and USA. The importance of different dimensions of Blau space is similar across time and location, suggesting a macroscopically stable social fabric. Physical separation and age differences have the most significant impact on segregation within friendship networks with implications for intergenerational mixing and isolation in later stages of life.
Automated Chat Application Surveys Using WhatsApp: Evidence from Panel Surveys and a Mode Experiment
Authors: Fei Jennifer , Wolff Jessica Sadye , Hotard Michael , Ingham Hannah , Khanna Saurabh , Lawrence Duncan , Tesfaye Beza , Weinstein Jeremy , Yasenov Vasil , Hainmueller Jens
Published: October 2020

We present a method to conduct automated surveys over WhatsApp, a globally popular messaging service. WhatsApp surveys offer potential advantages since they incur relatively low costs to respondents and researchers, are easy to use for respondents who are already familiar with WhatsApp chat features, and facilitate continued engagement with mobile populations as users can retain their WhatsApp number even if they change SIM cards and phone numbers. Yet, there is limited knowledge on how well WhatsApp surveys perform empirically. We test the WhatsApp method using two original panel surveys of refugees in Colombia and the U.S. and find satisfactory response rates and retention over a nine-month follow-up period in these mobile populations. We also conduct a mode experiment in Colombia comparing WhatsApp to short message service (SMS) and interactive voice response (IVR) surveys. We find that WhatsApp had a 12 and 27 percentage points higher response rate than IVR and SMS, respectively, resulting from higher initial engagement and lower break-off. We conclude by discussing advantages and limitations of the WhatsApp method and offer documentation and a public code repository to support researchers and practitioners in applying the method in other contexts.
Demand-side assistance in Australia’s rental housing market: exploring reform options
Authors: Ong Rachel , Pawson Hal , Singh Ranjodh , Martin Chris
Published: October 2020

This research examines possible cost-effective reforms of Commonwealth Rent Assistance (CRA) (demand-side housing assistance) that could improve housing outcomes for low-income renters.
Guidance Needs of Adolescents Studying in Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya: A Study of Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya, Kunihar, District Solan, Himachal Pradesh
Authors: Shalini .
Published: October 2020

This study is an attempt to investigate whether guidance needs to adolescents studying in the schools. For this purpose, sample of one hundred and seventy- nine students of the Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya were taken through simple random sampling technique. To collect the data, guidance need inventory developed by Dr. J.S. Grewal was used. t- test was applied to find the significance of difference among the various groups. Results indicated that male and female adolescents do not differ significantly in their guidance needs with respect to physical area, social area, psychological area, educational area, vocational area and total area. Arts and science stream adolescents do not differ significantly in their guidance needs.

Int. J. Soc. Sc. Manage. Vol. 7, Issue-4: 214-217
Impact of Climate Change on Rice Production and Local Adaptation Practices Adopted by Farmers in Surkhet, Nepal
Authors: Khadka Bakhat Bahadur , Sharma Hridesh , Subedi Ananta Prakash , Dhakal Shiva Chandra
Published: October 2020

A total of 120 sample households were randomly selected from two municipalities of Surkhet for this study. The primary data were collected by survey questionnaire, direct observation, FGD whereas secondary data of rainfall temperature and rice productivity were collected from different sources. Majority of farmers perceived increase in temperature, decrease in rainfall frequency, decrease in rainfall duration and increase in flooding hazard during rainy season. Trends analysis of temperature and rainfall data over 35 years (1980-2015) showed, increasing trends of maximum temperature (0.06oC/year) and minimum temperature (0.03oC/year) which were in the line with the farmer's perception. Trend analysis revealed that total annual precipitation was decreasing by 3.77 mm/year while monsoon rainfall was increasing by 0.051 mm/year. About 20% respondents had clear knowledge on climate change. The major source of information was media (43.43%) and self-experiences (36.3%). The major climate change adaptation practices adopted by farmers were use of drought resistant varieties, flood resistant varieties, use of electric water pump, and use of local irrigation channel. The study showed that only 39.17% of the respondents know about crop insurance policy and only 6.66% of the total respondents done crop insurance on different crop. The regression analysis showed that rainfall and average maximum temperature has positive effect on yield and production. The study showed that farmers were positive to adapt climate change adaptation strategies. So, government and policy makers should focus on climate resilient adaptation strategies formulation for rice cultivation through intensive research and extension package.

Int. J. Soc. Sc. Manage. Vol. 7, Issue-4: 202-213
Leadership Style and Business Performance in Nepali SMEs: The Mediating Role of Entrepreneurship Orientation
Authors: Paudel Samundra
Published: October 2020

Leadership and entrepreneurship, and their effects on business performance are major issues in contemporary academic research as they are linked with economic development of a nation. However, relatively only a few studies have been carried out on the relationship among these three variables with even less attention paid to entrepreneurship orientation (EO) serving as a mediator in leadership-performance relationship. This study firstly tested the relationship between leadership style and business performance and then analyzed the mediating role of EO between them in the Nepali SMEs. The study utilized 188 responses collected from business owners in Pokhara, Nepal. Findings suggest that transformational and transactional leadership style as well as EO exert significant positive influence over business performance. The study indicates that transformational leadership is stronger predictor of EO and business performance than transactional leadership style. It also found that EO mediates transformational leadership-performance relationship. The implications, limitations, and suggestions have been identified and discussed.
O przedmiocie ochrony prawnej przestępstwa paserstwa umyślnego
Authors: Zwierz Marta
Published: October 2020

This paper addresses the problem of classifying the criminal offence of handling stolen goods under the Polish Criminal Code of 1997. Referring to two separate and contradictory views about the crime, the study looks at both of them and attempts to define the subject of legal protection of that criminal offence in the Polish legal system. To this end, the paper also discusses a judgment of 26 June 2014 of the Polish Supreme Court (I KZP 8/14), in which the Supreme Court could not conclusively resolve the issue, creating even more doubts. The author questions the position of the Polish Supreme Court, arguing that it is not supported by either logical or legal arguments which would stem from the long-standing legal tradition. The author further argues that all problems arising from the determination of the good legally protected by the criminal offence as defined in Article 291(1) of the Polish Criminal Code result from the erroneous classification of criminal offences by the Polish lawmaker.
Odpowiedzialność osób zarządzających w transnarodowych korporacjach w prawie karnym – aspekty międzynarodowe i transnarodowe
Authors: Boczek Kamil
Published: October 2020

Owing to increasing globalisation, transnational corporations play an important role in international trade. Those wealthy and very complex entities have a major impact on reality and often engage in activities which involve illegal practices such as the environmental pollution, forced labour and other serious infringement of employees’ right or even crimes against humanity. Carrying on business which is primarily profit-oriented may result in violations of fundamental human rights, if this is required for a corporation to financially exploit a business opportunity. It is difficult in practice to hold these entities and their corporate directors to account. Regulations regarding criminal responsibility of managers of transnational corporations can be found in national and international laws. However, criminal proceedings do not give satisfactory results. The main problem lies in powers, flexibility and close links of those corporations with local authorities. The paper points to different solutions applied throughout the world, and describes the best-known criminal proceedings against corporate managers.
Zamiar „z góry powzięty” w rozumieniu art. 12 k.k. – wybrane uwagi
Authors: Jaworska-Wieloch Anna
Published: October 2020

The concept of the so-called “continuous offence” has been hotly debated for years, both by legal academics and in doctrinal writings. This paper addresses one of the most controversial grounds for regarding a prohibited act as a continuous offence, i.e. acting with premeditated intent. Basing a key criterion for considering an act a continuous offence on the subjective side of the offence has made it impossible to work out clear-cut criteria for establishing that an offender acted with premeditated intent, even though the concept of continuous offence has been employed for over twenty years now.
Nadużycie prawa w procesie karnym
Authors: Łukowiak Bartosz
Published: October 2020

This paper analyses the issue of abuse of rights in criminal proceedings. Based on jurisprudence and doctrinal writings about the criminal proceedings, an attempt was made to provide a separate definition of this concept. Then the focus was shifted to seeking a legal basis for sanctioning manifestations of abuse of procedural right, referring to the current legal status, as well as formulating de lege ferenda postulates in this respect.
Odpowiedzialność karna za utrudnianie i udaremnianie prowadzenia kontroli na gruncie ustawy o ochronie danych osobowych z dnia 10 maja 2018 r. Podstawowe zagadnienia karnoprawne
Authors: Sieradzka Daria
Published: October 2020

The paper analyses two provisions of the Act of 10 May 2018 on Personal Data Protection. It describes the structure and characteristic features of acts which obstruct or frustrate an inspection of compliance with personal data protection provisions. The paper emphasises the importance of powers held by a supervisory authority, the President of the Office for Personal Data Protection, especially in the context of the EU legislation. The article also gives examples of interrelationship between the controller and the entity that is controlled and discusses the way this impacts criminal liability. It presents a comparative analysis of the said provision alongside its analogous provision which is related to inspection carried out under Article 55 of the Act of 14 December 2018 on Personal Data Protection in Connection with Preventing and Fighting Crime. The final conclusions include some proposals for, inter alia, the analysis of problems noted by the Personal Data Protection Office while conducting control proceedings in the years 2018–2019.