bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Formatives Assessment im alltäglichen Mathematikunterricht von Primarlehrpersonen: Häufigkeit, Dauer und Qualität
Authors: Buholzer Alois , Baer Matthias , Zulliger Sandra , Torchetti Loredana , Ruelmann Merle , Häfliger Andrea , Lötscher Hanni
Published: August 2020

Formatives Assessment umfasst die Gewinnung von diagnostischen Informationen zum Lernen und seinen Ergebnissen sowie deren Nutzung zur Optimierung von Lehr- und Lernprozessen. Das Ziel des Forschungsprojekts bestand darin, zu untersuchen, mit welcher Häufigkeit, mit welcher Dauer und in welcher Qualität Lehrpersonen formatives Assessment informell im alltäglichen Unterricht durchführen. Um diese Forschungsfragen zu klären, wurde in der vierten Primarschulstufe von 52 Lehrpersonen und ihren Schulklassen im Fach Mathematik je eine Doppelstunde zur Einführung in das halbschriftliche Dividieren videografiert. Im Fokus standen fünf Strategien des formativen Assessments: (1) Lernziel klären, (2) Lernstand erfassen (Eliciting-Evidence), (3) Self-Assessment, (4) Peer-Assessment und (5) Feedback-Interaktion. Hinsichtlich der Häufigkeit ergaben die Videoanalysen, dass der überwiegende Teil der teilnehmenden Lehrpersonen alle fünf Strategien nutzt, die Einsatzdauer mit Ausnahme der Feedback-Interaktionen in der Regel jedoch kurz ist. Die Ergebnisse der Qualitätseinschätzung deuten insgesamt auf eine höchstens mittlere, meist aber geringe Qualität der Umsetzung der Strategien hin. Es bestehen Zusammenhänge zwischen der Anwendungsdauer und der Qualitätsausprägung der Strategien. Je länger die Strategien eingesetzt wurden, desto besser wurde ihre Qualität im Rating eingeschätzt. Diese Ergebnisse erweitern den bisherigen Forschungsstand insofern, als erstmals ökologisch valide Aussagen für den deutschen Sprachraum zur Häufigkeit, zur Dauer und zur Qualität von Strategien des formativen Assessments im alltäglichen Mathematikunterricht vorgelegt werden. Aus den Befunden werden Schlussfolgerungen für die Aus- und Weiterbildung von Lehrpersonen gezogen.
Architecture and mass transport properties of graphene-based membranes
Authors: Yang Heechan , Baek Jonghyun , Park Hyung Gyu
Published: August 2020

A recently rising question of the applicability of two-dimensional (2D) materials to membranes of enhanced performance in water technology is drawing attention increasingly. At the center of the attention lies graphene, an atom-thick 2D material, for its readiness and manufacturability. This review presents an overview of recent research activities focused on the fundamental mass transport phenomena of two feasible membrane architectures from graphene. If one could perforate pores in a pristine impermeable graphene sheet with dimensional accuracy, the perforated 2D orifice would show unrivaled permeation of gases and liquids due to the 0D atomic barrier. If possibly endowed with selectivity, the porous graphene orifice would avail potentially for membrane separation processes. For example, it is noteworthy that results of molecular dynamics simulations and several early experiments have exhibited the potential use of the ultrathin permeable graphene layer having sub-nanometer-sized pores for a water desalination membrane. The other membrane design is obtainable by random stacking of moderately oxidized graphene platelets. This lamellar architecture suggests the possibility of water treatment and desalination membranes because of subnanometric interlayer spacing between two adjacent graphene sheets. The unique structure and mass transport phenomena could enlist these graphene membrane architectures as extraordinary membrane material effective to various applications of membrane technology including water treatment.

Graphic abstract
Biological treatment of coke plant effluents: from a microbiological perspective
Authors: Felföldi Tamás , Nagymáté Zsuzsanna , Székely Anna J. , Jurecska Laura , Márialigeti Károly
Published: August 2020

During coke production, large volume of effluent is generated, which has a very complex chemical composition and contains several toxic and carcinogenic substances, mainly aromatic compounds, cyanide, thiocyanate and ammonium. The composition of these high-strength effluents is very diverse and depends on the quality of coals used and the operating and technological parameters of coke ovens. In general, after initial physicochemical treatment, biological purification steps are applied in activated sludge bioreactors. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the anaerobic and aerobic transformation processes and describes key microorganisms, such as phenol- and thiocyanate-degrading, floc-forming, nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria, which contribute to the removal of pollutants from coke plant effluents. Providing the theoretical basis for technical issues (in this case the microbiology of coke plant effluent treatment) aids the optimization of existing technologies and the design of new management techniques.
Bilateral versus unilateral total knee replacement with 35-day morbidity and mortality: A Bi-Centre prospective cohort study
Authors: Alameri Mariam Ahmad , Sulaiman Syed Azhar Syed , Ashour Abdullah Moh'd Talaat , Al-Saati Ma'ad Faisal
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT

Background:

Total Knee Replacement (TKR) has been the most successful intervention that reduces knee pain and improves physical function of rheumatoid arthritis patients. This study aims to compare the complications and recovery for bilateral versus unilateral TKR within 35 days of post-surgery.

Method:

This is a prospective observational study that was done in two medical centres in Saudi Arabia. All patients who underwent primary TKR surgery in the included medical centres between the period of October 2018 till July 2019 were eligible for this study. A prospective data collection sheet was used to follow up for each patient for 35 days of post-surgery.

Results:

242 patients were involved in this study. The mean age for unilateral TKR patients was 66.95 ± 8.91 years, whereas 64.53 ± 8.88 years for bilateral TKR patients. Days required to start walking post-operation of unilateral TKR were significantly higher than that of bilateral TKR (2.66 ± 1.13 days versus 2.30 ± 0.98 days). Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) was found in bilateral TKR 11 (4.5%) more than 4 (1.7%) unilateral TKR. Confirmed diagnosis (pulmonary embolism (PE) or DVT) was observed in 10 (4.2%) bilateral TKR more than unilateral TKR 2 (0.8%).

Conclusion:

There are significant differences between bilateral and unilateral TKR in terms of recovery and DVT complications.

Highlights:
The Past, Present, and Future of Archaeology of the Museu Nacional: A Brief Introduction / Passado, presente e futuro da arqueologia no Museu Nacional: Uma breve introdução
Authors: Scheel-Ybert Rita
Published: August 2020

Throughout its 200 years, the Museu Nacional (National Museum) in Rio de Janeiro has been the principal museum of natural history in Brazil. It certainly has been among the most important research institutions in the Americas. Many of the greatest national and international scholars worked in or visited its collections, exhibitions, and laboratories. Botanists, zoologists, ecologists, geologists, paleontologists, anthropologists, archaeologists, and so many other scientists frequented the research facilities of the São Cristóvão Palace, its hallways, internal gardens, associated buildings, and park. They established friendships, scientific partnerships, and antagonisms, engaging in intense and productive exchanges that advanced science in each discipline yet with a multidisciplinary spirit. This thriving space, which we all always referred to as “our home,” was utterly destroyed by the tragedy of September 2018, when we watched in astonishment as the fire consumed our lives.
“Deplorable Exegesis”: Dick Gregory's Irreverent Scriptural Authority in the 1960s and 1970s
Authors: Booker Vaughn A.
Published: August 2020

This article examines comedian Richard Claxton “Dick” Gregory's comical articulation of religious belief and belonging through his speeches and religious writings during the 1960s and 1970s. It argues that, during his most visible public presence as an activist and comedic entertainer, Gregory bore an irreverent scriptural authority for his readers and comedy audiences who sought a prominent, public affirmation of their suspicion and criticism of religious authorities and conventional religious teachings. This suspicion would allow them to grapple with the oppressive presence of religion in the long history of Western colonialism, in the U.S. context of slavery, and in the violence and segregation of Jim Crow America. Following this religious suspicion, however, Gregory's consistent goal was to implement just social teachings stemming from socially and theologically progressive readings of the Hebrew Bible and of the teachings of Jesus in the Gospels. Gregory's irreverence modeled, and reflected, the maintenance of belief in both the divine and in the justness of remaking an oppressive, violent, unequal world through nonviolent activism in accordance with his understanding of the teachings of the King James scriptures that he read throughout his life. This study of comedy uses one African American male's production of irreverent, authoritative religious rhetoric to display a noteworthy mode of mid-century African American religious liberalism. It is also a case study highlighting the complexity of religious belief and affiliation. Despite acknowledged ambivalences about his commitments to religion, Gregory also modeled ways for audiences to reframe religious commitments to produce social change.
Impact of improving eating habits and rosmarinic acid supplementation on rat vascular and neuronal system in the metabolic syndrome model
Authors: Michalikova D. , Tyukos Kaprinay B. , Brnoliakova Z. , Sasvariova M. , Krenek P. , Babiak E. , Frimmel K. , Bittner Fialova S. , Stankovicova T. , Sotnikova R. , Gasparova Z.
Published: August 2020

Decreasing high fat and high carbohydrate intake, together with the administration of natural bioactive drugs, is assumed to have a protective effect in the prevention and amelioration of the metabolic syndrome (MetS). The aim of the study was to evaluate effects of diet improvement and/or a phenolic compound (rosmarinic acid; RA) administration (100 mg/kg per d) on metabolic as well as functional changes of vessels and hippocampus caused by the MetS-like conditions. The MetS-like conditions were induced by a high-fat-fructose diet (HFFD) in Prague hereditary hypertriacylglycerolaemic (HTG) rats. The effect of diet improvement and RA administration was studied using biochemical and functional measurements. Consumption of HFFD by HTG rats resulted in the development of conditions like the MetS. The fat and fructose restriction from the diet led to amelioration of basic indicators of metabolic state in rats fed HFFD and to amendment parameters of glucose tolerance test and reduction of the IL-1β serum levels. Moreover, aortic endothelial function was improved with an impact on blood pressure. The functional measurement of electrophysiology of the hippocampus showed that long-term potentiation of neuronal transmission course deteriorated after HFFD was improved by energy restriction. Oral administration of RA had a supporting effect not only on lipid and glucose metabolism but also on the vascular endothelium. Combination of both types of therapy induced beneficial effect on glucose tolerance and lipid peroxidation. Thus, combined improvement of diet habits and treatment with natural bioactive drugs is assumed to have protective effect in prevention and amelioration of the MetS.
Shorting the Future? Capital Markets and the Launch of the British Electrical Industry, 1882–1892
Authors: Kennedy William P. , Delargy P. J. R.
Published: August 2020

Although Britain's electrification started with considerable technological and market advantages, it proceeded remarkably slowly and hesitantly. Using share-price data, this study investigates the conventional explanations for this disappointing outcome: notably, perverse regulation and competition from entrenched gas-light providers. It finds that these oft-cited factors had an imperceptible impact on the course of the British electrical industry's turbulent market launch in 1882. However, we show that, owing to the fledgling electrical industry's need for incessant experimentation, short-sighted, self-serving decisions by the management of the early British industry's most prominent firm squandered a well-funded start, with long-lasting adverse consequences.
Forsterite reprecipitation and carbon dioxide entrapment in the lithospheric mantle during its interaction with carbonatitic melt: a case study from the Sung Valley ultramafic–alkaline–carbonatite complex, Meghalaya, NE India
Authors: Choudhary Shubham , Sen Koushik , Kumar Santosh , Rana Shruti , Ghosh Swakangkha
Published: August 2020

Carbonatite melts derived from the mantle are enriched in CO2- and H2O-bearing fluids. This melt can metasomatize the peridotitic lithosphere and liberate a considerable amount of CO2. Experimental studies have also shown that a CO2–H2O-rich fluid can form Fe- and Mg-rich carbonate by reacting with olivine. The Sung Valley carbonatite of NE India is related to the Kerguelen plume and is characterized by rare occurrences of olivine. Our study shows that this olivine is resorbed forsterite of xenocrystic nature. This olivine bears inclusions of Fe-rich magnesite. Accessory apatite in the host carbonatite contains CO2–H2O fluid inclusions. Carbon and oxygen isotopic analyses indicate that the carbonatites are primary igneous carbonatites and are devoid of any alteration or fractionation. We envisage that the forsterite is a part of the lithospheric mantle that was reprecipitated in a carbonatite reservoir through dissolution–precipitation. Carbonation of this forsterite, during interaction between the lithospheric mantle and carbonatite melt, formed Fe-rich magnesite. CO2–H2O-rich fluid derived from the carbonatite magma and detected within accessory apatite caused this carbonation. Our study suggests that a significant amount of CO2degassed from the mantle by carbonatitic magma can become entrapped in the lithosphere by forming Fe- and Mg-rich carbonates.
Comparison of local knowledge and researcher-led observations for wildlife exploitation assessment and management
Authors: Temple Andrew J , Stead Selina M , Hind-Ozan Edward , Jiddawi Narriman , Berggren Per
Published: August 2020

The use of local knowledge observations to generate empirical wildlife resource exploitation data in data-poor, capacity-limited settings is increasing. Yet, there are few studies quantitatively examining their relationship with those made by researchers or natural resource managers. We present a case study comparing intra-annual patterns in effort and mobulid ray (Mobula spp.) catches derived from local knowledge and fisheries landings data at identical spatiotemporal scales in Zanzibar (Tanzania). The Bland–Altman approach to method comparison was used to quantify agreement, bias and precision between methods. Observations from the local knowledge of fishers and those led by researchers showed significant evidence of agreement, demonstrating the potential for local knowledge to act as a proxy, or complement, for researcher-led methods in assessing intra-annual patterns of wildlife resource exploitation. However, there was evidence of bias and low precision between methods, undermining any assumptions of equivalency. Our results underline the importance of considering bias and precision between methods as opposed to simply assessing agreement, as is commonplace in the literature. This case study demonstrates the value of rigorous method comparison in informing the appropriate use of outputs from different knowledge sources, thus facilitating the sustainable management of wildlife resources and the livelihoods of those reliant upon them.
Calculating correct compilers II: Return of the register machines
Authors: BAHR PATRICK , HUTTON GRAHAM
Published: August 2020

In ‘Calculating Correct Compilers’ (Bahr & Hutton, 2015), we developed a new approach to calculating compilers directly from specifications of their correctness. Our approach only required elementary reasoning techniques and has been used to calculate compilers for a wide range of language features and their combination. However, the methodology was focused on stack-based target machines, whereas real compilers often target register-based machines. In this article, we show how our approach can naturally be adapted to calculate compilers for register machines.
A Lithosphere‐Asthenosphere Boundary and Partial Melt Estimated Using Marine Magnetotelluric Data at the Central Middle Atlantic Ridge
Authors: Wang Shunguo , Constable Steven , Rychert Catherine A. , Harmon Nicholas
Published: August 2020

The differential motion between the lithosphere and the asthenosphere is aseismic, so the magnetotelluric (MT) method plays an important role in studying the depth and nature of the lithosphere‐asthenosphere boundary (LAB). In March 2016, we deployed 39 marine MT instruments across the Middle Atlantic Ridge (MAR), 2,000 km away from the African coast, to study the evolution of the LAB with ages out to 45 million years (My). The MT acquisition time was limited to about 60 days by battery life. After analyzing dimensionality and coast effects for the MT data, determinant data were inverted for two‐dimensional resistivity models along two profiles north and south of the Chain Fracture Zone (CFZ). The imaged thickness of the lithospheric lid (>100 Ωm) ranges from 20 to 80 km, generally thickening with age. In the north of CFZ, punctuated low‐resistivity anomalies (<1 Ωm), likely associated with potential partial melts, occur along its base. In the south of CFZ, the base of the resistive lid is demarcated by a low‐resistivity channel (<1 Ωm) most likely fed by deeper melts. Sensitivity analyses and structural recovery tests indicate the robustness of these features. Resistivity models are in good agreement with results of seismic data. These results imply that partial melt is persistent over geologic timescales and that the LAB is dynamic features fed by upward percolation of mantle melt. The melt fraction is about 1–7% based on the resistivity, temperature, pressure, and hydrous basalt models, which is consistent with petrophysical observations.
Prognostic value of depression and anxiety on breast cancer recurrence and mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 282,203 patients
Authors: Wang Xuan , Wang Neng , Zhong Lidan , Wang Shengqi , Zheng Yifeng , Yang Bowen , Zhang Juping , Lin Yi , Wang Zhiyu
Published: August 2020

Depression and anxiety are common comorbidities in breast cancer patients. Whether depression and anxiety are associated with breast cancer progression or mortality is unclear. Herein, based on a systematic literature search, 17 eligible studies involving 282,203 breast cancer patients were included. The results showed that depression was associated with cancer recurrence [1.24 (1.07, 1.43)], all-cause mortality [1.30 (1.23, 1.36)], and cancer-specific mortality [1.29 (1.11, 1.49)]. However, anxiety was associated with recurrence [1.17 (1.02, 1.34)] and all-cause mortality [1.13 (1.07, 1.19)] but not with cancer-specific mortality [1.05 (0.82, 1.35)]. Comorbidity of depression and anxiety is associated with all-cause mortality [1.34 (1.24, 1.45)] and cancer-specific mortality [1.45 (1.11, 1.90)]. Subgroup analyses demonstrated that clinically diagnosed depression and anxiety, being female and of younger age (<60 years), and shorter follow-up duration (≤5 years) were related to a poorer prognosis. Our study highlights the critical role of depression/anxiety as an independent factor in predicting breast cancer recurrence and survival. Further research should focus on a favorable strategy that works best to improve outcomes among breast cancer patients with mental disorders.
Decomposing the molecular complexity of brewing
Authors: Pieczonka Stefan A. , Lucio Marianna , Rychlik Michael , Schmitt-Kopplin Philippe
Published: August 2020

The compositional space of a set of 120 diverse beer samples was profiled by rapid flow-injection analysis (FIA) Fourier transform ion cyclotron mass spectrometry (FTICR-MS). By the unrivaled mass resolution, it was possible to uncover and assign compositional information to thousands of yet unknown metabolites in the beer matrix. The application of several statistical models enabled the assignment of different molecular pattern to certain beer attributes such as the beer type, the way of adding hops and the grain used. The dedicated van Krevelen diagrams and mass difference networks displayed the structural connectivity of the annotated sum formulae. Thereby it was possible to provide a base of knowledge of the beer metabolome far above database-dependent annotations. Typical metabolic signatures for beer types, which reflect differences in ingredients and ways of brewing, could be extracted. Besides, the complexity of isomeric compounds, initially profiled as single mass values in fast FIA-FTICR-MS, was resolved by selective UHPLC-ToF-MS2 analysis. Thereby structural hypotheses based on FTICR’s sum formulae could be confirmed. Benzoxazinoid hexosides deriving from the wheat’s secondary metabolism were uncovered as suitable marker substances for the use of whole wheat grains, in contrast to merely wheat starch or barley. Furthermore, it was possible to describe Hydroxymethoxybenzoxazinone(HMBOA)-hexosesulfate as a hitherto unknown phytoanticipin derivative in wheat containing beers. These findings raise the potential of ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometry for rapid quality control and inspection purposes as well as deep metabolic profiling, profound search for distinct hidden metabolites and classification of archeological beer samples.
Evidence of diet, deification, and death within ancient Egyptian mummified animals
Authors: Johnston Richard , Thomas Richard , Jones Rhys , Graves-Brown Carolyn , Goodridge Wendy , North Laura
Published: August 2020

The clues to life and death of mummified animals can remain hidden beneath their wrappings. Developments in non-invasive imaging have enabled detailed study of their internal structures. Laboratory-based X-ray microcomputed tomography (microCT) and focussed imaging protocols permit smaller mummified remains, such as animals, to be studied at higher resolution. In this study, we use microCT to image three different animal mummies. Revealing the internal structures provides insights into their biography, the conditions in which they were kept, complex mummification practices, possible causes of death, and subsequent handling damage. Thousands of years after the production of these mummified animals, the X-ray microCT technique facilitates new investigations, revealing ‘harder’ skeletal structures, mummification materials, and even desiccated soft tissues. Potential evidence for an ‘opening of the mouth’ procedure was found in a snake, along with indicators of the poor conditions in which the snake was kept when alive, leading to dehydration. Examination of a cat mummy revealed it was less than five months old and had its neck purposefully broken. It was also possible to identify a bird mummy to species level from the X-ray data. Improved understanding of animal mummification through scientific imaging can thus inform conservation and understanding of past human-animal relationships.
Cranial evolution in the extinct Rodrigues Island owl Otus murivorus (Strigidae), associated with unexpected ecological adaptations
Authors: Duhamel Anaïs , Hume Julian P. , Guenser Pauline , Salaviale Céline , Louchart Antoine
Published: August 2020

Island birds that were victims of anthropic extinctions were often more specialist species, having evolved their most distinctive features in isolation, making the study of fossil insular birds most interesting. Here we studied a fossil cranium of the ‘giant’ extinct scops owl Otus murivorus from Rodrigues Island (Mascarene Islands, southwestern Indian Ocean), to determine any potential unique characters. The fossil and extant strigids were imaged through X-ray microtomography, providing 3D views of external and internal (endocast, inner ear) cranial structures. Geometric morphometrics and analyses of traditional measurements yielded new information about the Rodrigues owl’s evolution and ecology. Otus murivorus exhibits a 2-tier “lag behind” phenomenon for cranium and brain evolution, both being proportionately small relative to increased body size. It also had a much more developed olfactory bulb than congeners, indicating an unexpectedly developed olfactory sense, suggesting a partial food scavenging habit. In addition, O. murivorus had the eyes placed more laterally than O. sunia, the species from which it was derived, probably a side effect of a small brain; rather terrestrial habits; probably relatively fearless behavior; and a less vertical posture (head less upright) than other owls (this in part an allometric effect of size increase). These evolutionary features, added to gigantism and wing reduction, make the extinct Rodrigues owl’s evolution remarkable, and with multiple causes.
C57BL/6J substrain differences in response to high-fat diet intervention
Authors: Siersbæk Majken Storm , Ditzel Nicholas , Hejbøl Eva Kildall , Præstholm Stine Marie , Markussen Lasse Kruse , Avolio Fabio , Li Lingzi , Lehtonen Lasse , Hansen Axel Kornerup , Schrøder Henrik Daa , Krych Lukasz , Mandrup Susanne , Langhorn Louise , Bollen Peter , Grøntved Lars
Published: August 2020

C57BL/6J-related mouse strains are widely used animal models for diet-induced obesity (DIO). Multiple vendors breed C57BL/6J-related substrains which may introduce genetic drift and environmental confounders such as microbiome differences. To address potential vendor/substrain specific effects, we compared DIO of C57BL/6J-related substrains from three different vendors: C57BL/6J (Charles Rivers), C57BL/6JBomTac (Taconic Bioscience) and C57BL/6JRj (Janvier). After local acclimatization, DIO was induced by either a high-fat diet (HFD, 60% energy from fat) or western diet (WD, 42% energy from fat supplemented with fructose in the drinking water). All three groups on HFD gained a similar amount of total body weight, yet the relative amount of fat percentage and mass of inguinal- and epididymal white adipose tissue (iWAT and eWAT) was lower in C57BL/6JBomTac compared to the two other C57BL/6J-releated substrains. In contrast to HFD, the three groups on WD responded differently in terms of body weight gain, where C57BL/6J was particularly prone to WD. This was associated with a relative higher amount of eWAT, iWAT, and liver triglycerides. Although the HFD and WD had significant impact on the microbiota, we did not observe any major differences between the three groups of mice. Together, these data demonstrate significant differences in HFD- and WD-induced adiposity in C57BL/6J-related substrains, which should be considered in the design of animal DIO studies.
Early-life short-term environmental enrichment counteracts the effects of stress on anxiety-like behavior, brain-derived neurotrophic factor and nuclear translocation of glucocorticoid receptors in the basolateral amygdala
Authors: Hegde Akshaya , Suresh Shruti , Mitra Rupshi
Published: August 2020

Early life is a decisive stage for the development of physiological and psychological characteristics of an individual. Any stress or disruption of healthy development at this stage has serious long-lasting consequences for the remaining life. Unfortunately, early life stress is a common occurrence in humans and other animals. In this context, we investigated if the provision of environmental enrichment during the pre-weaning phase of rat pups and dams could alter the consequences of early-life maternal-separation stress. Pre-weaning enrichment rescued the effects of maternal separation on the excess secretion of adrenal stress hormones and anxiety-like behavior during adulthood. Enrichment also reduced the effect of stress on the spine density of basolateral amygdala neurons, a brain region critical for stress-induced facilitation of emotional behaviors. Pre-weaning enrichment, provided during early-life, blunted the effects of maternal separation stress on decreased intra-nuclear translocation of glucocorticoid receptors within the amygdala neurons when tested later in adulthood. Early-life, pre-weaning environmental enrichment also increased the amount of brain-derived neurotrophic factor within adult basolateral amygdala. Our observations showed that environmental manipulation during early formative years could be utilized to build lifelong resilience to stress. Complex naturalistic housing and sensory enrichment is, thus, an useful buffer against an impoverished and stressful childhood.
Elucidation of resistance signaling and identification of powdery mildew resistant mapping loci (ClaPMR2) during watermelon-Podosphaera xanthii interaction using RNA-Seq and whole-genome resequencing approach
Authors: Mandal Mihir Kumar , Suren Haktan , Kousik Chandrasekar
Published: August 2020

Watermelon is an important vegetable crop and is widely cultivated in USA with an approximate global production of > 100 million tons. Powdery mildew (PM) caused by Podosphaera xanthii is a major production-limiting factor on watermelon and other cucurbits. Numerous PM and multiple disease resistant (MDR) watermelon germplasm lines have been developed by the USDA in Charleston, SC. To gain a better understanding of the innate and activated molecular defense mechanisms involved during compatible and incompatible PM-watermelon interactions, we inoculated PM susceptible (USVL677-PMS) and resistant (USVL531-MDR) watermelon plants with 105 conidia ml−1 of P. xanthii. RNA-seq profiling was done on leaf samples collected at 0, 1, 3, and 8 days post inoculation (DPI). A total of 2,566 unique differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between compatible and incompatible interactions with P. xanthii. The compatible interactions resulted in distinct plant gene activation (> twofold unique transcripts, 335:191:1762 :: 1:3:8 DPI) as compared to incompatible interaction (> twofold unique transcripts, 314:681:487 :: 1:3:8 DPI). Further, comparative whole-genome resequencing analysis of USVL531-PMR, USVL677-PMS and four introgressed PM resistant recombinant inbred lines (RIL, USVL531-PMR × USVL677-PMS) were performed to identify the region of PM resistance introgressed break points along with other traits inherent by USVL531-PMR by comparing the SNPs and InDels. Based on SNPs identification and CAPS markers, the resistance gene was identified as ClaPMR2, Citrullus lanatus PM Resistance gene 2 {Chr2 : 26750001 .. 26753327 (−)}, a NBS-LRR resistance protein (R) with homology to the Arabidopsis thaliana PM resistance protein, RPW8. The transcriptome data also revealed a complex regulatory network associated with the introgressed junctions mediated by PM resistance R proteins (R genes) that may involve multiple signal regulators and transducers, carbohydrate metabolism, cell wall modifications and the hormone-signaling pathway.
A droplet reactor on a super-hydrophobic surface allows control and characterization of amyloid fibril growth
Authors: Zhang Peng , Moretti Manola , Allione Marco , Tian Yuansi , Ordonez-Loza Javier , Altamura Davide , Giannini Cinzia , Torre Bruno , Das Gobind , Li Erqiang , Thoroddsen Sigurdur T. , Sarathy S. Mani , Autiero Ida , Giugni Andrea , Gentile Francesco , Malara Natalia , Marini Monica , Di Fabrizio Enzo
Published: August 2020

Methods to produce protein amyloid fibrils, in vitro, and in situ structure characterization, are of primary importance in biology, medicine, and pharmacology. We first demonstrated the droplet on a super-hydrophobic substrate as the reactor to produce protein amyloid fibrils with real-time monitoring of the growth process by using combined light-sheet microscopy and thermal imaging. The molecular structures were characterized by Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and X-ray scattering. We demonstrated that the convective flow induced by the temperature gradient of the sample is the main driving force in the growth of well-ordered protein fibrils. Particular attention was devoted to PHF6 peptide and full-length Tau441 protein to form amyloid fibrils. By a combined experimental with the molecular dynamics simulations, the conformational polymorphism of these amyloid fibrils were characterized. The study provided a feasible procedure to optimize the amyloid fibrils formation and characterizations of other types of proteins in future studies.
LIVE-PAINT allows super-resolution microscopy inside living cells using reversible peptide-protein interactions
Authors: Oi Curran , Gidden Zoe , Holyoake Louise , Kantelberg Owen , Mochrie Simon , Horrocks Mathew H. , Regan Lynne
Published: August 2020

We present LIVE-PAINT, a new approach to super-resolution fluorescent imaging inside live cells. In LIVE-PAINT only a short peptide sequence is fused to the protein being studied, unlike conventional super-resolution methods, which rely on directly fusing the biomolecule of interest to a large fluorescent protein, organic fluorophore, or oligonucleotide. LIVE-PAINT works by observing the blinking of localized fluorescence as this peptide is reversibly bound by a protein that is fused to a fluorescent protein. We have demonstrated the effectiveness of LIVE-PAINT by imaging a number of different proteins inside live S. cerevisiae. Not only is LIVE-PAINT widely applicable, easily implemented, and the modifications minimally perturbing, but we also anticipate it will extend data acquisition times compared to those previously possible with methods that involve direct fusion to a fluorescent protein.
G-quadruplex-proximity protein labeling based on peroxidase activity
Authors: Masuzawa Tatsuki , Sato Shinichi , Niwa Tatsuya , Taguchi Hideki , Nakamura Hiroyuki , Oyoshi Takanori
Published: August 2020

G-quadruplex-proximity protein labeling was performed using a hemin-parallel G-quadruplex (G4) complex. A tyrosine labeling reaction was accelerated in close proximity to the hemin with enhanced peroxidase activity by binding to parallel G4.
Detecting protein–protein interactions by Xe-129 NMR
Authors: Zhao Zhuangyu , Roose Benjamin W. , Zemerov Serge D. , Stringer Madison A. , Dmochowski Ivan J.
Published: August 2020

Detection of protein–protein interactions (PPIs) is limited by current bioanalytical methods. Reconstitution of TEM-1—promoted here by cFos/cJun leucine zipper interaction—gives rise to sensitive 129Xe NMR signal in bacterial cells.
A highly stretchable dielectric elastomer based on core–shell structured soft polymer-coated liquid-metal nanofillers
Authors: Su Yaotian , Sui Gang , Lan Jinle , Yang Xiaoping
Published: August 2020

We report a facile and scalable approach for synthesizing soft nanofillers based on liquid metal nanodroplets with poly(n-butyl methacrylate) (PBMA) coating layers, thereby producing a sort of dielectric elastomer with super stretchability.
Crystallization and architecture engineering of ZnWO4 for enhanced photoluminescence
Authors: Li Meiting , Wang Xuejiao , Zhu Qi , Li Ji-Guang , Kim Byung-Nam
Published: August 2020

Crystal engineering of ZnWO4 was achieved with oxalic acid and (NH4)2SO4 as modifiers upon hydrothermal reaction, which produced nanorods, microplates and well-organized architectures that clearly show morphology-dependent photoluminescence.
Optimization of the overall water-splitting performance of N, S co-doped carbon-supported NiCoMnSx−10 at high current densities by the introduction of sulfur defects and oxygen vacancies
Authors: Zhang Runzhi , Yu Zebin , Jiang Ronghua , Huang Jun , Hou Yanping , Zhou Qiuyue , Zhu Shiyu , Huang Xiaocan , Zheng Feng , Luo Zhao
Published: August 2020

This work reports the synthesis of N and S co-doped carbon-supported NiCoMnSx−10 electrocatalyst and its application in electrocatalytic overall water splitting.
A high-throughput method to characterize the gut bacteria growth upon engineered nanomaterial treatment
Authors: Yang Qin , Keerthisinghe Tharushi Prabha , Tan Tiffany Rou Jie , Cao Xiaoqiong , Setyawati Magdiel Inggrid , DeLoid Glen , Ng Kee Woei , Loo Say Chye Joachim , Demokritou Philip , Fang Mingliang
Published: August 2020

We developed a DNA-based quantification (DBQ) method in a 96-well plate format. The applicability of this method for several types of ENMs was proved in both pure bacterial culture and in vitro human gut microbiome community.
Using a coupled LES aerosol–radiation model to investigate the importance of aerosol–boundary layer feedback in a Beijing haze episode
Authors: Slater Jessica , Tonttila Juha , McFiggans Gordon , Coe Hugh , Romakkaniemi Sami , Sun Yele , Xu Weiqi , Fu Pingqing , Wang Zifa
Published: August 2020

In this study we use a coupled LES aerosol–radiation model (UCLALES-SALSA), which we have recently configured for the urban environment of Beijing.
Copper-catalyzed tri- or tetrafunctionalization of alkenylboronic acids to prepare tetrahydrocarbazol-1-ones and indolo[2,3-a]carbazoles
Authors: Bi Hong-Yan , Li Cheng-Jing , Wei Cui , Liang Cui , Mo Dong-Liang
Published: August 2020

An efficient cascade strategy for high site-marked tri-/tetrafunctionalization of alkenylboronic acids to prepare tetrahydrocarbazol-1-ones and indolo[2,3-a]carbazoles with HOOBT and arylhydrazines as O- and N-sources, respectively, was reported.
Efficient transfer hydrogenation of carbonate salts from glycerol using water-soluble iridium N-heterocyclic carbene catalysts
Authors: Ainembabazi Diana , Wang Kai , Finn Matthew , Ridenour James , Voutchkova-Kostal Adelina
Published: August 2020

Thermally-robust and water-soluble Ir(i) and Ir(iii) N-heterocyclic carbene complexes with sulfonate functionalized wingtips are prolific catalysts for carbonate transfer hydrogenation from glycerol without additives in aqueous media.
The molecular mechanism of the photocatalytic oxidation reactions by horseradish peroxidase in the presence of histidine
Authors: Ravanfar Raheleh , Abbaspourrad Alireza
Published: August 2020

Horseradish peroxidase initiates photocatalytic oxidation reactions in the presence of histidine without H2O2.
Acid dyeing for green solvent processing of solvent resistant semiconducting organic thin films
Authors: Harding Cayley R. , Cann Jonathan , Laventure Audrey , Sadeghianlemraski Mozhgan , Abd-Ellah Marwa , Rao Keerthan R. , Gelfand Benjamin Sidney , Aziz Hany , Kaake Loren , Risko Chad , Welch Gregory C.
Published: August 2020

The alcohol and water-based processing of a perylene diimide (PDI) organic semiconductor into large area and solvent resistant films is reported.
Dynamics in polyelectrolyte/microemulsion complexes
Authors: Simon Miriam , Gradzielski Michael , Hoffmann Ingo
Published: August 2020

Neutron spin-echo measurements of polyacrylate/microemulsion complexes reveal a transient nature of these complexes with high exchange rates of droplets.
Colorimetric biosensing of glucose in human serum based on the intrinsic oxidase activity of hollow MnO2 nanoparticles
Authors: Chen Lijuan , Gao Haiyan , Bai Yan , Wei Wei , Wang Junfeng , El Fakhri Georges , Wang Meiyun
Published: August 2020

Hollow MnO2 nanoparticles with excellent oxidase-like activity for the sensitive and selective detection of glucose in human serum.
Periodic mesoporous titania with anatase and bronze phases – the new generation photocatalyst: synthesis, characterisation, and application in environmental remediation
Authors: Vatti Surya Kumar , Gupta Sanjeev , Raj Rayappan Pavul , Selvam Parasuraman
Published: August 2020

A facile synthesis of mesoporous titania with a unique anatase and bronze phases is reported. The resulting material favours a slow recombination of excitons which make promise for photocatalytic degradation of famotidine and 4-chlorophenol.
Label-free wide range electrochemical detection of β-carotene using solid state assisted synthesis of hexagonal boron nitride nanosheets
Authors: Durai Lignesh , Yadav Pinki , Pant Harita , Srikanth Vadali V. S. S. , Badhulika Sushmee
Published: August 2020

Label-free, ultra-selective sensing of β-carotene using hBN nanosheets.
Mechanistic insights into Smiles rearrangement. Focus on π–π stacking interactions along the radical cascade
Authors: Khartabil Hassan , Doudet Ludovic , Allart-Simon Ingrid , Ponce-Vargas Miguel , Gérard Stéphane , Hénon Eric
Published: August 2020

The synthesis of new arene and heteroarene scaffolds of therapeutic interest has generated a renewed interest in the domino radical cyclisation–Smiles.
Practical catalytic nitration directly with commercial nitric acid for the preparation of aliphatic nitroesters
Authors: An Jichao , Liu Peipei , Si Mengyuan , Li Wenhao , He Pan , Yang Bo , Yang Guanyu
Published: August 2020

To pursue a sustainable and efficient approach for aliphatic nitroester preparation from alcohol, europium-triflate-catalyzed nitration, which involves the direct use of commercial nitric acid, has been successfully developed.
Emergence of 2,3,5-trisubstituted tetrahydrofuran natural products and their synthesis
Authors: Fernandes Rodney A. , Gorve Dnyaneshwar A. , Pathare Ramdas S.
Published: August 2020

Diverse syntheses of emerging 2,3,5-trisubstituted-THF natural products are reviewed encompassing strategies based on catalytic methods, cascade reactions and rearrangements.
Integration of Cd:ZnS QDs into ZIF-8 for enhanced selectivity toward Cu2+ detection
Authors: Yang Weikang , Yang Yonghang , Li Huihui , Lin Duoyu , Yang Weiting , Guo Dongyu , Pan Qinhe
Published: August 2020

Cd:ZnS QDs were integrated into ZIF-8 that could specifically interact with Cu2+ for enhanced selectivity toward Cu2+ detection.
Fine-tuning the energy levels and morphology via fluorination and thermal annealing enable high efficiency non-fullerene organic solar cells
Authors: Zhao Yingying , Chen Honggang , Zhu Can , Yuan Jun , Li Yungui , Hai Jiefeng , Hu Yunbin , Jiang Lihui , Chen Guohui , Zou Yingping
Published: August 2020

Non-fullerene acceptors have been utilized to construct efficient organic solar cells (OSCs).
Enhanced thermal effect of plasmonic nanostructures confined in discoidal porous silicon particles
Authors: Zhang Dechen , Wu Hung-jen , Zhou Xinyu , Qi Ruogu , Xu Li , Guo Yi , Liu Xuewu
Published: August 2020

A 3D plasmonic nanostructure with a tunable plasmon resonance band to the near IR region enabled ultrasensitive theranostics for enhanced thermal effect.
The highly sensitive determination of serotonin by using gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) with a localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) absorption wavelength in the visible region
Authors: Do Phuong Que Tran , Huong Vu Thi , Phuong Nguyen Tran Truc , Nguyen Thi-Hiep , Ta Hanh Kieu Thi , Ju Heongkyu , Phan Thang Bach , Phung Viet-Duc , Trinh Kieu The Loan , Tran Nhu Hoa Thi
Published: August 2020

The development of improved methods for the synthesis of monodisperse gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) is of high priority because they can be used as substrates for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) applications relating to biological lipids.
Concurrent and dual N-doping of graphene/ZnO nanocomposites for enhanced Cr(vi) photoreduction activity under visible-light irradiation
Authors: Jia Wen , Yuan Xiaoya
Published: August 2020

Simultaneous and dual N-doping of two components in reduced graphene oxide/ZnO nanocomposites were successfully achieved by thermally annealing a GO/Zn(HCO3)2 precursor in an NH3 atmosphere.
Chicken albumen-based whispering gallery mode microlasers
Authors: Mai Hanh Hong , Nguyen Tam Trong , Giang Khoi Manh , Do Xuan Tien , Nguyen Toan T. , Hoang Hieu Chi , Ta Van Duong
Published: August 2020

Chicken albumen-based biological microlasers are fabricated and these biolasers can work in the air, water and human serum.
Desorption energy of soft particles from a fluid interface
Authors: Mehrabian Hadi , Snoeijer Jacco H. , Harting Jens
Published: August 2020

The efficiency of soft particles to stabilize emulsions is examined by measuring their desorption free energy, i.e., the mechanical work required to detach the particle from a fluid interface.
Characterization of mechanical degradation in an all-solid-state battery cathode
Authors: Shi Tan , Zhang Ya-Qian , Tu Qingsong , Wang Yuhao , Scott M. C. , Ceder Gerbrand
Published: August 2020

In this work, we visualize and quantify the microstructure evolution in the composite electrode after solid-state battery (SSB) cycling. The observed severe mechanical degradation highlights the importance of mechanical considerations in SSB design.
Correction: Flexible symmetrical planar supercapacitors based on multi-layered MnO2/Ni/graphite/paper electrodes with high-efficient electrochemical energy storage
Authors: Feng Jin-Xian , Li Qi , Lu Xue-Feng , Tong Ye-Xiang , Li Gao-Ren
Published: August 2020

Correction for ‘Flexible symmetrical planar supercapacitors based on multi-layered MnO2/Ni/graphite/paper electrodes with high-efficient electrochemical energy storage’ by Jin-Xian Feng et al., J. Mater. Chem. A, 2014, 2, 2985–2992, DOI: 10.1039/c3ta14695b.
Correction: A vessel subtype beneficial for osteogenesis enhanced by strontium-doped sodium titanate nanorods by modulating macrophage polarization
Authors: Guo Shuo , Yu Dongmei , Xiao Xin , Liu Wenwen , Wu Zhigang , Shi Lei , Zhao Quanming , Yang Di , Lu Yajie , Wei Xinghui , Tang Zhen , Wang Ning , Li Xiaokang , Han Yong , Guo Zheng
Published: August 2020

Correction for ‘A vessel subtype beneficial for osteogenesis enhanced by strontium-doped sodium titanate nanorods by modulating macrophage polarization’ by Shuo Guo et al., J. Mater. Chem. B, 2020, 8, 6048–6058. DOI: 10.1039/D0TB00282H.
A small molecule inhibitor of HER3: a proof-of-concept study
Authors: Colomba Audrey , Fitzek Martina , George Roger , Weitsman Gregory , Roberts Selene , Zanetti-Domingues Laura , Hirsch Michael , Rolfe Daniel J. , Mehmood Shahid , Madin Andrew , Claus Jeroen , Kjaer Svend , Snijders Ambrosius P. , Ng Tony , Martin-Fernandez Marisa , Smith David M. , Parker Peter J.
Published: August 2020

Despite being catalytically defective, pseudokinases are typically essential players of cellular signalling, acting as allosteric regulators of their active counterparts. Deregulation of a growing number of pseudokinases has been linked to human diseases, making pseudokinases therapeutic targets of interest. Pseudokinases can be dynamic, adopting specific conformations critical for their allosteric function. Interfering with their allosteric role, with small molecules that would lock pseudokinases in a conformation preventing their productive partner interactions, is an attractive therapeutic strategy to explore. As a well-known allosteric activator of epidermal growth factor receptor family members, and playing a major part in cancer progression, the pseudokinase HER3 is a relevant context in which to address the potential of pseudokinases as drug targets for the development of allosteric inhibitors. In this proof-of-concept study, we developed a multiplex, medium-throughput thermal shift assay screening strategy to assess over 100 000 compounds and identify selective small molecule inhibitors that would trap HER3 in a conformation which is unfavourable for the formation of an active HER2–HER3 heterodimer. As a proof-of-concept compound, AC3573 bound with some specificity to HER3 and abrogated HER2–HER3 complex formation and downstream signalling in cells. Our study highlights the opportunity to identify new molecular mechanisms of action interfering with the biological function of pseudokinases.