bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Numerical Simulation for Moving Contact Line with Continuous Finite Element Schemes
Authors: Jiang Yongyue , Lin Ping , Guo Zhenlin , Dong Shuangling
Published: July 2015

In this paper, we compute a phase field (diffuse interface) model of Cahn-Hilliard type for moving contact line problems governing the motion of isothermal multiphase incompressible fluids. The generalized Navier boundary condition proposed by Qian et al. [1] is adopted here. We discretize model equations using a continuous finite element method in space and a modified midpoint scheme in time. We apply a penalty formulation to the continuity equation which may increase the stability in the pressure variable. Two kinds of immiscible fluids in a pipe and droplet displacement with a moving contact line under the effect of pressure driven shear flow are studied using a relatively coarse grid. We also derive the discrete energy law for the droplet displacement case, which is slightly different due to the boundary conditions. The accuracy and stability of the scheme are validated by examples, results and estimate order.
Error Estimates of Some Numerical Atomic Orbitals in Molecular Simulations
Authors: Chen Huajie , Schneider Reinhold
Published: July 2015

Numerical atomic orbitals have been successfully used in molecular simulations as a basis set, which provides a nature, physical description of the electronic states and is suitable for 𝒪(N) calculations based on the strictly localized property. This paper presents a numerical analysis for some simplified atomic orbitals, with polynomial-type and confined Hydrogen-like radial basis functions respectively. We give some a priori error estimates to understand why numerical atomic orbitals are computationally efficient in electronic structure calculations.
Discrete Maximum Principle for the Weak Galerkin Method for Anisotropic Diffusion Problems
Authors: Huang Weizhang , Wang Yanqiu
Published: July 2015

A weak Galerkin discretization of the boundary value problem of a general anisotropic diffusion problem is studied for preservation of the maximum principle. It is shown that the direct application of the M-matrix theory to the stiffness matrix of the weak Galerkin discretization leads to a strong mesh condition requiring all of the mesh dihedral angles to be strictly acute (a constant-order away from 90 degrees). To avoid this difficulty, a reduced system is considered and shown to satisfy the discrete maximum principle under weaker mesh conditions. The discrete maximum principle is then established for the full weak Galerkin approximation using the relations between the degrees of freedom located on elements and edges. Sufficient mesh conditions for both piecewise constant and general anisotropic diffusion matrices are obtained. These conditions provide a guideline for practical mesh generation for preservation of the maximum principle. Numerical examples are presented.
The Role of Inertia and Dissipation in the Dynamics of the Director for a Nematic Liquid Crystal Coupled with an Electric Field
Authors: Aursand Peder , Ridder Johanna
Published: July 2015

We consider the dynamics of the director in a nematic liquid crystal when under the influence of an applied electric field. Using an energy variational approach we derive a dynamic model for the director including both dissipative and inertial forces.

A numerical scheme for the model is proposed by extending a scheme for a related variational wave equation. Numerical experiments are performed studying the realignment of the director field when applying a voltage difference over the liquid crystal cell. In particular, we study how the relative strength of dissipative versus inertial forces influence the time scales of the transition between the initial configuration and the electrostatic equilibrium state.
Регуляризованный след оператора Дирака
Authors: Shcherbakov Alexandr Olegovich
Published: July 2015

Получены формулы регуляризованного следа для одномерного несамосопряженного оператора
Дирака с $L^2$-потенциалом. Рассматриваются случаи периодических, антипериодических
краевых условий, а также краевых условий Дирихле. Формулы получены с помощью метода
подобных операторов на основе результатов статей [1] и [2].
Библиография: 10 названий.
Качество приближения средними Фурье в терминах общих модулей гладкости
Authors: Artamonov Sergei Yuriovich
Published: July 2015

Доказана эквивалентность ошибки приближения средними Фурье
и общих модулей гладкости при условии эквивалентности
их генераторов.
Библиография: 13 названий.
О равномерной сходимости и интегрируемости мультипликативных преобразований Фурье
Authors: Volosivets Sergei Sergeevich , Golubov Boris Ivanovich
Published: July 2015

Для мультипликативных преобразований Фурье доказаны аналоги
результатов Р. П. Боаса, Ф. Морица, М. И. Дьяченко, И. Р. Лифлянда
и С. Ю. Тихонова, относящихся к условиям равномерной сходимости,
весовой интегрируемости со степенным весом и принадлежности
классам Липшица классических преобразований Фурье. Обобщаются
также некоторые результаты Ч. Оневира об условиях принадлежности
мультипликативных преобразований Фурье пространствам
Липшица-Бесова и Герца.
Библиография: 15 названий.
Bhadarwahi: A Typological Sketch
Authors: DWIVEDI Amitabh Vikram
Published: July 2015

This paper is a summary of some phonological and morphosyntactice features of the Bhadarwahi language of Indo-Aryan family. Bhadarwahi is a lesser known and less documented language spoken in district of Doda of Jammu region of Jammu and Kashmir State in India. Typologically it is a subject dominant language with an SOV word order (SV if without object) and its verb agrees with a noun phrase which is not followed by an overt post-position. These noun phrases can move freely in the sentence without changing the meaning of the sentence. The indirect object generally precedes the direct object. Aspiration, like any other Indo-Aryan languages, is a prominent feature of Bhadarwahi. Nasalization is a distinctive feature, and vowel and consonant contrasts are commonly observed. Infinitive and participle forms are formed by suffixation while infixation is also found in causative formation. Tense is carried by auxiliary and aspect and mood is marked by the main verb.
Functions of English vs. Other Languages in Sri Lankan Buddhist Rituals in the UK
Authors: HERAT Manel
Published: July 2015

This paper focuses on the functions of English versus other languages in Sri Lankan Buddhist rituals. The framework for this paper is based on a previous work on the language of Hindu rituals by Pandharipande (2012). This study aims to examine the following research questions: what languages are used for practicing Buddhism? Is English used in Buddhist rituals? What mechanisms are used to sanction change? and (4) Will English replace Sinhala and Pali in the UK? In order to answer these research questions, I collected data by attending Sri Lankan Buddhist festivals and event in the UK and recording sermons and speeches used during these festivals to gather information regarding language use and language change. The study proved to be a worthy investigation, as unlike in Sri Lanka where only either Sinhala or Pali is sanctioned in Buddhist practice, in the UK, Sinhala is undergoing language shift and is being replaced by English during Buddhist sermons and other activities. Although prayers and ritual chantings are still in Pali, most of these are explained to the congregation using English. In addition, the use of English is also sanctioned by the Buddhist clergy, through the use of the internet and other media for purposes of promoting Buddhism and reaching young Sri Lankans born in the UK.
Alternativni način preverjanja znanja: testteachtest pristop v osnovni šoli
Authors: Karmen Pižorn Anamarija Lah,
Published: July 2015

Načine preverjanja in ocenjevanja znanja klasično delimo na formalni in alternativni način. Med formalnimi tipi v anglofonskem prostoru ločijo med petimi klasičnimi tipi, medtem ko je pri alternativnem načinu možnosti mnogo več. Ustrezati morajo le trem ključnim kriterijem: 1. združljivost z učnim načrtom, 2. so izvedljivi, 3. so otrokom pri jazni.Pri nemščini kot interesni dejavnosti v 6. razredu osnovne šole je bil kot alternativni način ocenjevanja izveden preizkus znanja z metodo testiratipoučevatitestirati. Pristop ni samo pokazal stopnje usvojenosti snovi, temveč je pripomogel k spoznanjem, ki vplivajo na samo usvajanje snovi.
Kako s pomočjo uporabe interaktivne table razvijati učne strategije za učinkovitejše učenje besedišča v tujem jeziku?
Authors: Retelj Andreja
Published: July 2015

V članku se ukvarjamo z možnostmi uporabe interaktivne table, s katerimi lahko prispevamo k kakovostnejšemu in učinkovitejšemu učenju besedišča ter vplivamo na razvijanje učnih strategij za učenje besedišča. Naša izhodišča predstavljajo dognanja s področja učenja besedišča in učnih strategij (Oxford 1990, Nunan 1999, Nation 1999), ki jih poskušamo povezati z uporabo interaktivne table v razredu. Predstavljamo možnosti smiselne uporabe itable, kjer smo ugotovili prednosti pred vadenjem in urjenjem na papirju, ter nekaj primerov vaj in nalog po tipologiji Häussermanna in Piephoja s poudarkom na usvajanju besedišča in razvijanju učnih strategij. Na podlagi analize rezultatov spletne ankete o uporabi interaktivne table in njenem vplivu na utrjevanje in preverjanje besedišča, ki je bila izvedena pri pouku nemščine v 4. letniku, predstavljamo učenčeva dojemanja uporabe itable v razredu.
Učbenika Progetto Italiano Junior 1 IN Progetto Italiano Junior 2
Authors: Tanja Trebec Benedejčič Darja Mertelj,
Published: July 2015

V recenziji navajava najprej splošni opis lastnosti učbenika, zatem ga razčleniva po posamičnih zmožnostih, kjer poleg prednosti navedeva tudi pomanjkljivosti oz. manj koristne lastnosti učbenika. Zlasti slednje bo moral učitelj, ki želi izvajati kakovosten pouk italijanščine kot tujega jezika, dopolnjevati z gradivi po drugih virih, predvsem egradivi, ki so že in bodo v prihodnje na voljo (za italijanščino kot TJ) v okviru Zavoda za šolstvo RS in egradiv Ministrstva za šolstvo. Recenzija se zaključi s predlogi, kako naj se učbenika Progetto Italiano Junior 1 in Progetto Italiano Junior 2 uporabljata v kombinaciji z ostalimi potrjenimi učbeniškimi kompleti, glede na predznanje učenca ob pričetku tretje triade osnovne šole.
Uvodnik
Authors: Lah Meta
Published: July 2015

Spoštovani bralci, pred vami je tretja dvojna številka Vestnika za tuje jezike. Tudi letos smo prejeli nekoliko manj prispevkov s področja jezikoslovja in književnosti, precej več pa s področja didaktike tujih jezikov. Veseli nas, da so avtorji člankov tako raziskovalci s slovenskih in tujih univerz kot tudi učitelji praktiki in doktorandi. Med drugimi objavljamo tudi članka, nastala na podlagi dveh kakovostnih diplomskih nalog.Opazili boste, da ima revija od te številke naprej mednarodni uredniški odbor. Uredniki se trudimo za čimbolj pester in kakovosten nabor člankov, Vam, dragi bralci, pa želimo prijetno in koristno branje.
Pogovorna španščina: seganje v besedo, menjavanje besede in sočasni govor v spontanem pogovoru
Authors: Svečnik Martina
Published: July 2015

Pogovor je pomembna človeška dejavnost, preko katere ljudje vzdržujemo stik z zunanjim svetom. V članku skušamo razumeti dinamiko spontanega pogovora (menjavanje besede, seganje v besedo, sočasni govor) in razloge za neenako sodelovanje posameznikov v pogovoru. Delo temelji na desetminutnem avdioposnetku spontanega pogovora med španskimi študenti, posnetem novembra 2005 v Granadi, in analizi transkripcije. Korpus ima vse značilnosti pogovornega jezika in spontanega pogovora. Spontani pogovor je borba za besedo, kar je očitno pri sočasnih govorih, ko si besedo pridobi najbolj prevladujoča oseba. Pri seganju v besedo gre pogosto za sodelovanje v pogovoru in ne nujno za boj za prevzem besede. Sodelovanje posameznikov v pogovoru je odvisno od odnosov med njimi, njihovega kulturnega ozadja in od obvladanja jezika (tujcem je težje). Sodelujoči morajo biti hitri in učinkoviti (pomemben je situacijski kontekst), zato razvijejo strategije, zanimive za nadaljnje raziskovanje. Članek temelji na raziskavi, ki jo je Martina Svečnik izvedla leta 2005/2006 v Granadi, v Španiji, in jo vključila v svoje diplomsko delo z naslovom El espan~ol hablado – análisis del discurso.
Slovenska imena bitij in zemljepisna imena v turističnih vodnikih in virih informativne narave, prevedenih v francoščino
Authors: Paternoster Alenka
Published: July 2015

V prispevku smo z lastnoimenskega stališča analizirali francoske prevode slovenskih turističnih brošur, ki sta jih izdali Slovenska turistična organizacija ali Vlada Republike Slovenije, Pisarna za odnose z javnostjo in mediji.Posvetili smo se imenom bitij (skupina je pričakovano manj obsežna) in zlasti zemljepisnim imenom. Medtem ko pri prevajanju imen bitij nismo zaznali večjih zagat, ne moremo trditi enako za zemljepisna imena. Podobno kot imena bitij tudi enobesedna zemljepisna poimenovanja ne povzročajo večjih zagat. Te se pojavljajo pri večbesednih ze mljepisnih poimenovanjih.Ker gre pri turističnih brošurah za pomemben vidik predstavitve države navzven, bi pričakovali, da bodo dobili prevajalci podrobnejše smernice za prevajanje lastnih imen. Upamo, da v pričujočem prispevku na dovolj jasen način osvetlimo prevajalske zagate in s tem koga spodbudimo k nastanku omenjenih smernic oziroma priporočil.
Impact of planetary boundary layer turbulence on model climate and tracer transport
Authors: McGrath-Spangler E. L. , Molod A. , Ott L. E. , Pawson S.
Published: July 2015

Abstract. Planetary boundary layer (PBL) processes are important for weather, climate, and tracer transport and concentration. One measure of the strength of these processes is the PBL depth. However, no single PBL depth definition exists and several studies have found that the estimated depth can vary substantially based on the definition used. In the Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS-5) atmospheric general circulation model, the PBL depth is particularly important because it is used to calculate the turbulent length scale that is used in the estimation of turbulent mixing. This study analyzes the impact of using three different PBL depth definitions in this calculation. Two definitions are based on the scalar eddy diffusion coefficient and the third is based on the bulk Richardson number. Over land, the bulk Richardson number definition estimates shallower nocturnal PBLs than the other estimates while over water this definition generally produces deeper PBLs. The near-surface wind velocity, temperature, and specific humidity responses to the change in turbulence are spatially and temporally heterogeneous, resulting in changes to tracer transport and concentrations. Near-surface wind speed increases in the bulk Richardson number experiment cause Saharan dust increases on the order of 1 × 10−4 kg m−2 downwind over the Atlantic Ocean. Carbon monoxide (CO) surface concentrations are modified over Africa during boreal summer, producing differences on the order of 20 ppb, due to the model's treatment of emissions from biomass burning. While differences in carbon dioxide (CO2) are small in the time mean, instantaneous differences are on the order of 10 ppm and these are especially prevalent at high latitude during boreal winter. Understanding the sensitivity of trace gas and aerosol concentration estimates to PBL depth is important for studies seeking to calculate surface fluxes based on near-surface concentrations and for studies projecting future concentrations.
Spatiotemporal patterns of tundra fires: late-Quaternary charcoal records from Alaska
Authors: Chipman M. L. , Hudspith V. , Higuera P. E. , Duffy P. A. , Kelly R. , Oswald W. W. , Hu F. S.
Published: July 2015

Abstract. Anthropogenic climate change has altered many ecosystem processes in the Arctic tundra and may have resulted in unprecedented fire activity. Evaluating the significance of recent fires requires knowledge from the paleofire record because observational data in the Arctic span only several decades, much shorter than the natural fire rotation in Arctic tundra regions. Here we report results of charcoal analysis on lake sediments from four Alaskan lakes to infer the broad spatial and temporal patterns of tundra-fire occurrence over the past 35 000 years. Background charcoal accumulation rates are low in all records (range is 0–0.05 pieces cm−2 yr−1), suggesting minimal biomass burning across our study areas. Charcoal peak analysis reveals that the mean fire-return interval (FRI; years between consecutive fire events) ranged from ca. 1650 to 6050 years at our sites, and that the most recent fire events occurred from ca. 880 to 7030 years ago, except for the CE 2007 Anaktuvuk River Fire. These mean FRI estimates are longer than the fire rotation periods estimated for the past 63 years in the areas surrounding three of the four study lakes. This result suggests that the frequency of tundra burning was higher over the recent past compared to the late Quaternary in some tundra regions. However, the ranges of FRI estimates from our paleofire records overlap with the expected values based on fire-rotation-period estimates from the observational fire data, and the differences are statistically insignificant. Together with previous tundra-fire reconstructions, these data suggest that the rate of tundra burning was spatially variable and that fires were extremely rare in our study areas throughout the late Quaternary. Given the rarity of tundra burning over multiple millennia in our study areas and the pronounced effects of fire on tundra ecosystem processes such as carbon cycling, dramatic tundra ecosystem changes are expected if anthropogenic climate change leads to more frequent tundra fires.
Estimating spatially distributed soil water content at small watershed scales based on decomposition of temporal anomaly and time stability analysis
Authors: Hu W. , Si B. C.
Published: July 2015

Abstract. Soil water content (SWC) at watershed scales is crucial to rainfall–runoff response. A model was used to decompose spatiotemporal SWC into time-stable pattern (i.e., temporal mean), space-invariant temporal anomaly, and space-variant temporal anomaly. This model was compared with a previous model that decomposes spatiotemporal SWC into spatial mean and spatial anomaly. The space-variant temporal anomaly or spatial anomaly was further decomposed using the empirical orthogonal function for estimating spatially distributed SWC. These two models are termed temporal anomaly (TA) model and spatial anomaly (SA) model, respectively. We aimed to test the hypothesis that underlying (i.e., time-invariant) spatial patterns exist in the space-variant temporal anomaly at the small watershed scale, and to examine the advantages of the TA model over the SA model in terms of estimation of spatially distributed SWC. For this purpose, a SWC dataset of near surface (0–0.2 m) and root zone (0–1.0 m) from a small watershed scale in the Canadian prairies was analyzed. Results showed that underlying spatial patterns exist in the space-variant temporal anomaly because of the permanent controls of "static" factors such as depth to the CaCO3 layer and organic carbon content. Combined with time stability analysis, the TA model improved estimation of spatially distributed SWC over the SA model because the latter failed to capture the space-variant temporal anomaly which accounted for non-negligible amounts of spatial variance in SWC. The outperformance was greater when SWC deviated from intermediate conditions, especially for dry conditions. Therefore, the TA model has potential to construct a spatially distributed SWC at watershed scales from remote sensed SWC.
Mean circulation in the coastal ocean off northeastern North America from a regional-scale ocean model
Authors: Chen K. , He R.
Published: July 2015

Abstract. A regional-scale ocean model was used to hindcast the coastal circulation over the Middle Atlantic Bight (MAB) and Gulf of Maine (GOM) from 2004 to 2013. The model was nested inside a data assimilative global ocean model that provided initial and open boundary conditions. Realistic atmospheric forcing, tides and observed river runoff were also used to drive the model. Hindcast solutions were compared against observations, which included coastal sea levels, satellite altimetry sea surface height, in situ temperature and salinity measurements in the GOM, and observed mean depth-averaged velocities. Good agreements with observations suggest that the hindcast model is capable of capturing the major circulation variability in the MAB and GOM. Time- and space-continuous hindcast fields were used to depict the mean circulation, along- and cross-shelf transport and the associated momentum balances. The hindcast confirms the presence of the equatorward mean shelf circulation, which varies from 2.33 Sv over the Scotian Shelf to 0.22 Sv near Cape Hatteras. Using the 200 m isobath as the shelf/slope boundary, the mean cross-shelf transport calculations indicate that the shelfbreak segments off the Gulf of Maine (including the southern flank of Georges Bank and the Northeast Channel) and Cape Hatteras are the major sites for shelf water export. The momentum analysis reveals that the along-shelf sea level difference from Nova Scotia to Cape Hatteras is about 0.36 m. The nonlinear advection, stress, and horizontal viscosity terms all contribute to the ageostrophic circulation in the along-isobath direction, whereas the nonlinear advection plays a dominant role in determining the ageostrophic current in the cross-isobath direction.
Retail Therapy: How a Trip to the Store Can Make You Feel Better in the Evolving Health Care Landscape Created by the Affordable Care Act
Authors: Liba Cynthia
Published: July 2015

As the ACA expands Medicaid eligibility by creating a national Medicaid minimum eligibility level of 133% of the federal poverty level and requires U.S. citizens to purchase health insurance as a result of the individual mandate, the shortage of primary care physicians will become painfully apparent for those seeking treatment. As a result, many health policy analysts and lawmakers are examining the potential ability of retail health clinics (RHCs) to address the consequences of primary care physician shortages in the United States, among other deficiencies in the provision of health care.
Front Matter
Authors: Matter Front
Published: July 2015

Vol 33, No 2 (2015)
Effect of Volatility Changes on Emerging Stock Markets: The Case of Jordan
Authors: Orabi Marwan Mohammad Abu , Alqurran Talal Abed-Alkareem
Published: July 2015

The Middle East financial markets have experienced several unexpected volatility shifts during the last two decades had recorded a serious impact on these markets and caused a financial turmoil that has elevated the uncertainties in the region. In view of this, more empirical findings should be learned and documented for future benefits. As one of the affected countries, Jordan was chosen as a case to provide empirical insight on the matter. This paper analyzed the behavior of Jordan’s stock market (Amman Stock Exchange, ASE) during the intervals of high uncertainty. It highlighted the impact of volatility on this market in terms of its efficiency and returns, during 2004-2012 periods, by utilizing the iterated cumulative sums of squares (ICSS) algorithm, GARCH and GARCH-M models. Sudden changes in volatility seem to arise from the evolution of emerging stock markets, exchange rate policy changes and financial crises. Evidence also reveals that when sudden shifts are taken into account in the GARCH models, the persistence of volatility is reduced significantly in every series. Research results provided significant empirical evidence for positive risk-return relationship in the stock exchange. Moreover, this study also found that the stock market, across all sectors, was more sensitive to global news events as compared to the local events. The asymmetrical responses to good and bad news were also an important characteristic of the ASE market behavior.
The history and natural regeneration of a secondary oak-beech woodland on a former wood-pasture in Hungary
Authors: Varga Anna , Ódor Péter , Molnár Zsolt , Bölöni János
Published: July 2015

Characteristic features of European woodland include both a reduction in natural forest areas and an increase in former agricultural areas occupied by secondary woodland. The management of these areas is challenging in terms of nature conservation, agricultural and forestry management and policy. The aim of our study was to reconstruct the history and to document the current tree stand structure for a secondary oak-beech woodland in Hungary. Towards the end of the 1800s, this area which was once almost completely occupied by a continuous forest, had been transformed into a wood-pasture. As a result of its gradual abandonment, the closed forest stand of the pasture increased from 10 to 52% between 1963 and 2005. The most characteristic feature of this woodland is the abundance of large trees. Globally, the number of large and ancient trees is rapidly diminishing. Therefore preserving and maintaining such areas, where large trees could live, is an essential management task.
Mixed leaf litter decomposition and N, P release with a focus on Phyllostachys edulis (Carrière) J. Houz. forest in subtropical southeastern China
Authors: Shi Lei , Fan Shaohui , Jiang Zehui , Qi Lianghua , Liu Guanglu
Published: July 2015

As an important non-wood forest product and wood substitute, Moso bamboo grows extremely rapidly and hence acquires large quantities of nutrients from the soil. With regard to litter decomposition, N and P release in Moso bamboo forests is undoubtedly important; however, to date, no comprehensive analysis has been conducted. Here, we chose two dominant species (i.e., Cunninghamia lanceolata and Phoebe bournei), in addition to Moso bamboo, which are widely distributed in subtropical southeastern China, and created five leaf litter mixtures (PE100, PE80PB20, PE80CL20, PE50PB50 and PE50CL50) to investigate species effects on leaf litter decomposition and nutrient release (N and P) via the litterbag method. Over a one-year incubation experiment, mass loss varied significantly with litter type (P < 0.05). The litter mixtures containing the higher proportions (≥80%) of Moso bamboo decomposed faster; the remaining litter compositions followed Olson’s decay mode well (R2 > 0.94, P < 0.001). N and P had different patterns of release; overall, N showed great temporal variation, while P was released from the litter continually. The mixture of Moso bamboo and Phoebe bournei (PE80PB20 and PE50PB50) showed significantly faster P release compared to the other three types, but there was no significant difference in N release. Litter decomposition and P release were related to initial litter C/N ratio, C/P ratio, and/or C content, while no significant relationship between N release and initial stoichiometric ratios was found. The Moso bamboo–Phoebe bournei (i.e., bamboo–broadleaved) mixture appeared to be the best choice for nutrient return and thus productivity and maintenance of Moso bamboo in this region.
Aplicação do Índice da Vegetação por Diferença Normalizada (NDVI) à Análise Multitemporal da Dinâmica de Áreas Agrícolas no Alto Curso da Bacia do Rio Uberabinha, Minas Gerais Application of the (...)
Authors: Ferreira Vanderlei De Oliveira , Portilho Magalhães Mirella Velluma
Published: July 2015

O mapeamento do uso do solo é essencial para acompanhamento do processo de reconstrução continuada da paisagem, sendo útil para definição de estratégias de utilização dos recursos naturais. O presente artigo relata pesquisa dedicada a inventariar e compreender a dinâmica do uso agrícola do solo sob uma perspectiva multitemporal (escala sazonal) no alto curso da bacia do rio Uberabinha, no Triângulo Mineiro, a montante da sede municipal de Uberlândia. Utilizou-se a técnica do NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) devido à sua aptidão para levantamento de áreas agrícolas. O mapeamento foi elaborado por meio da interpretação visual, recorrendo-se às imagens do sensor LANDSAT 5 e ResourceSat-1, com a composição colorida 4R5G3B. Foi possível diferenciar os diversos estádios fenológicos da cobertura vegetal, percebendo situações de manejo e forma de ocupação do solo em diferentes épocas do ano. Observa-se, por exemplo, que não há recorrência ao pousio da terra entre uma cultura e outra. Os produtores adotam o método de plantio direto, intercalando culturas, além de forrageiras e leguminosas para melhorar a qualidade nutricional do solo.Palavras chave: Mapeamento; Sensoriamento Remoto; Uso agrícola do solo; Escala sazonal.AbstractThe mapping of the land use is essential for accompaniment of the reconstruction process continued of landscape, being useful for define strategies of utilization of the natural resources. This article reports the research dedicated to inventory and understand the dynamics of agricultural land use under a multitemporal perspective (seasonal scale) in the high course of the basin of the Uberabinha river, in the Triângulo Mineiro, the upstream of the municipal headquarters of Uberlândia. We used the technique of NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) due to its aptitude for survey of agricultural areas. The mapping was prepared by visual interpretation, resorting to images of the sensor LANDSAT 5 and ResourceSat-1, with colorful makeup 4R5G3B. It was possible to differentiate the several phenological stages of the vegetation cover, realizing management situations and forms of land occupation in differents epochs of the year. It is observed that there is no recurrence to fallow of the land between one culture and another. The producers adopt the method of tillage, interspersing cultures, besides forages and legumes for improve the nutritional quality of the soil. Keywords: Mapping; Remote Sensing; Agricultural land use; Seasonal scale.
Especialización funcional y dinámica demográfica en el área metropolitana de Santa Fe, Argentina / Functional specialization and demographic dynamism in the metropolitan area of Santa Fe city, Argentina
Authors: Cardoso María Mercedes
Published: July 2015

En el área Metropolitana de Santa Fe, Argentina se están dando unos procesos particulares que generan un crecimiento diferencial entre sus componentes. Las mayores tasas de crecimiento demográfico se observan en los pueblos grandes, mientras que la ciudad principal, Santa Fe se ha estancado en 0,6%. Dado que las funciones son actividades que justifican la existencia de las ciudades, se procedió al estudio de las especializaciones funcionales empleando el Método de Nelson. El objetivo es identificar funciones o combinación de funciones que generan mayor dinamismo asociándolas, a su vez a los tamaños demográficos de los centros y a las tasas de ocupación y desocupación. De este modo, se incorporan otras variables y factores a los tradicionalmente considerados por los autores que desde los estudios tradicionales relacionan la especialización funcional de los asentamientos a su tamaño demográfico. Los resultados aportados en este estudio son claves para la gestión local y regional. Palabras claves: Especialización funcional; Jerarquía urbana; Tasa de desocupación; Tasa media anual de crecimiento.AbstractIn the metropolitan area of Santa Fe City (Argentina), particular processes are producing differential growth patterns among its components. Whereas population growth rates in Santa Fe City have stagnated at a 0.6%, the largest towns of this metropolitan area have been growing at the highest rates. Given cities depend on their own functions or urban activities, and in order to analyse local functional specializations, Nelson’s method is applied. The main objective of this study is to identify functions, or a combination of functions, which increase dynamism, as well to associate them to the different demographic sizes and employment, unemployment rates of the localities. Therefore, other types of variables and factors were added apart from the ones considered by traditional authors, who have been relating functional specialization of cities and towns with their demographic sizes. The results obtained in this study are particularly useful for local and regional administrations.Key words: Functional specialization; Urban hierarchy; Unemployment rates; Annual population growth rates
Dinâmica demografia e urbanização no Brasil: expressões atuais na Região Metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro Demographic dynamics and urbanization in Brazil: recent expressions (...)
Authors: Antunes Dantas de Oliveira Ricardo , Tavares da Silva Érica
Published: July 2015

A segunda metade do século XX foi marcada no Brasil pelas intensas relações entre dinâmica demográfica e processo de urbanização, através das transições ocorridas em ambos. A redução dos fluxos migratórios e a tendência generalizada de baixos níveis de fecundidade nos mais diversos espaços implicaram em transformações importantes nessas articulações. Muitos autores a tem expressado como uma segunda transição urbana, ou mesmo como um aprofundamento da mesma. O que seria este processo? Que dinâmicas demográficss têm marcado essas novas articulações? Buscando responder a questões como estas, se apresenta um estudo exploratório a partir de análise bibliográfica e de informações censitárias das últimas décadas sobre a Região Metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro (RMRJ).Palavras-chave: Transição Demográfica, Transição Urbana, Mobilidade Espacial, Região Metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro.AbstractThe second half of the 20th century in Brazil was characterized by intense relations between demographic dynamics and urbanization process, through the transitions that occurred at both. The reduction of migratory flows and the generalized trend of low fertility levels in the most varied spaces implied important transformations in these articulations. Many authors are defining these changes as a second urban transition, or even as a deepening of it. What is this process? Which demographic dynamics are marking these new articulations? Trying to answer questions like these, an exploratory study is presented, based on a bibliographical analysis and last decades census information about the Metropolitan Region of Rio de Janeiro (RMRJ).Keywords: Demographic Transition, Urban Transition, Spatial Mobility, Metropolitan Region of Rio de Janeiro.
Turismo no Carste da Baixa Normandia (França) em função da História do Dia-D / Tourism in the Lower Normandy (France) karst due to the History of D-Day
Authors: Travassos Luiz Eduardo Panisset , Coelho Pablo Cristiano Alves , Rodrigues Bruno Durão , Pereira Larissa Duarte Araújo
Published: July 2015

O trabalho apresenta uma reflexão sobre a atual exploração turística do carste do norte da França, em locais remanescentes e pontos estratégicos utilizados no Teatro de Operações durante o desembarque Aliado nas praias da Baixa Normandia na Segunda Guerra Mundial. Por meio de fundamentação teórica e pesquisa de campo foi possível observar a paisagem cárstica e ponderar sobre o uso dos marcos históricos, cemitérios, museus e modificações na paisagem como suporte ao Turismo Histórico-Cultural. Observa-se que o cenário em questão visa promoção e valorização da história, bem como propõe o resgate da memória através do desenvolvimento turístico regional.Palavras-chave: Carste; Turismo; Baixa Normadia; Segunda Guerra Mundial; Dia D Abstract This work presents a discussion on the current tourist use of the karst from northern France in remaining places and strategic points used in the theater of operations during the Allied landings on the beaches of Lower Normandy in World War II. By means of theoretical basis and fieldwork it was possible to observe the karst landscape and consider its use as historic landmarks, cemeteries, museums and changes in the landscape as support for the historical and cultural tourism. One observes that the scenario is used as a way of enforcing and preserving history as well as proposes the rescue of memory through the development of regional tourism.Keywords: Karst; Tourism; Lower Normandy; Second World War; D-Day.
Le traitement des Formes élémentaires dans les manuels de sociologie : de l’occultation aux rejets
Authors: Béra Matthieu
Published: July 2015

Cet article se propose d’étudier de quelle manière on parle des Formes élémentaires de la vie religieuse dans un corpus d’une vingtaine d’ouvrages d’introduction à la sociologie (nommé « manuels ») qui ont paru en France depuis les années 1960 (et plus spécialement depuis les années 1980). On constate que certains auteurs (un tiers du corpus) de manuels n’en parlent pas du tout. Il s’agit d’étudier ce que qu’en disent les autres, de recenser les nombreuses critiques qui lui sont adressées par le truchement d’auteurs intermédiaires, souvent décédés, non français et ethnologues. Les critiques analysées sont suffisamment abondantes pour qu’on ait pu les classer en cinq catégories : épistémologiques, théoriques, méthodologiques, empiriques et morales.
Remarques sur l’édition critique des Formes Élémentaires
Authors: Achimastos Myron
Published: July 2015

La parution en mai 2015, chez Classiques Garnier, de l’édition critique des Formes Élémentaires de la vie religieuse constitue pour nous une occasion de mettre en relief quelques réflexions sur la publication des oeuvres classiques. Aux parties qui composent traditionnellement une édition critique (restitution du texte, des citations et des références, bibliographie, index des noms, notices biographiques, index des concepts), nous avons ajouté certaines innovations éditoriales qui contribuaient à la meilleure compréhension du texte durkheimien. Nous avons complété la bibliographie avec les sources premières que Durkheim a exploitées. Dans le même sens venait notre décision de mettre en annexe les comptes rendus que Durkheim avait consacrés aux oeuvres sur lesquelles il s’était appuyé pour rédiger son magnum opus.
Les Formes élémentaires de la vie religieuse et le rapport Comte/Durkheim : une filiation problématique
Authors: Lamy Yvon
Published: July 2015

Cet article se propose de montrer – en se fondant sur Les Formes élémentaires de la vie religieuse –, que le rapport Comte/Durkheim est structurellement marqué par une filiation problématique. Après avoir souligné que la religion est la matrice où se sont élaborés les principaux germes de la civilisation humaine, Durkheim montre la distance – sinon la rupture – opposant religion « positive » (Religion de l’Humanité) et religion « élémentaire » (Séparation du sacré et du profane). Les mécanismes d’intégration réciproque entre religion totémique et société « primitive » donnent la clé de la puissance sociale du religieux comme réservoir primordial de « vie et d’efficacité » pour le groupe (le clan). À cet égard, ils impliquent l’opposition frontale entre institution durkheimienne (où le religieux comme le social se structurent mutuellement) et fétichisme comtien (dont il faut se débarrasser âge après âge pour atteindre à la synthèse religieuse de l’Humanité). Selon Durkheim, en effet, la sociologie rend plus manifestes que les autres « sciences de la nature », « les relations qui existent entre les choses ». L’affrontement entre les deux conceptions de la rationalité scientifique conduit alors Durkheim au bord du « parricide » à l’égard de Comte : il est comme appelé à en franchir le pas. Mais, aussitôt, la question revient : quel est le sens pour nous sociologues, et la valeur pour la discipline dans son entier, du clivage que Durkheim installe au sein même de sa filiation avec Comte?
Combined impact of catchment size, land cover, and precipitation on streamflow and total dissolved nitrogen: A global comparative analysis
Authors: Gallo Erika L. , Meixner Thomas , Aoubid Hadi , Lohse Kathleen A. , Brooks Paul D.
Published: July 2015

Nitrogen (N) loading is a global stressor to fresh and salt water systems with cascading effects on ecosystem processes. However, it is unclear if generalized global response patterns exist between discharge and N sourcing and retention with respect to land cover and precipitation. Using data compiled from 78 catchments from across the world, we identified how discharge and total dissolved nitrogen (TDN) vary with precipitation and land cover and how TDN yields deviate from a generalized global response pattern. Area‐weighted discharge regressions indicate that catchment size and the absence of vegetation largely control hydrologic responses. TDN concentrations and yields varied significantly (P < 0.05) with some land cover types, but these were overall poor TDN predictors (r2 < 0.26). In 42 of 78 catchments, TDN concentrations varied independently (P > 0.05) of discharge, suggesting that these sites are less sensitive to shifts in discharge associated with global climate change, but are more sensitive to shifts in hydrologic partitioning in response to land cover change. Clustering based on precipitation and stepwise multiple linear regression analyses show a shift in TDN responses from physical transport controls on TDN sourcing at the most arid and water limited sites to climate and biologically mediated controls on TDN retention at the wetter sites. Combined, these results indicate that terrestrial systems may have differential response to changes in precipitation based on existing land use and that the impact of land use change on N fate and transport occurs within the context of climate conditions.
Estimating the contribution of organic acids to northern hemispheric continental organic aerosol
Authors: Yatavelli Reddy L. N. , Mohr Claudia , Stark Harald , Day Douglas A. , Thompson Samantha L. , Lopez‐Hilfiker Felipe D. , Campuzano‐Jost Pedro , Palm Brett B. , Vogel Alexander L. , Hoffmann Thorsten , Heikkinen Liine , Äijälä Mikko , Ng Nga L. , Kimmel Joel R. , Canagaratna Manjula R. , Ehn Mikael , Junninen Heikki , Cubison Michael J. , Petäjä Tuukka , Kulmala Markku , Jayne John T. , Worsnop Douglas R. , Jimenez Jose L.
Published: July 2015

Using chemical ionization mass spectrometry to detect particle‐phase acids and aerosol mass spectrometry (AMS) measurements from Colorado, USA, and two studies in Hyytiälä, Finland, we quantify the fraction of organic aerosol (OA) mass that is composed of molecules with acid functional groups (facid). Molecules containing one or more carboxylic acid functionality contributed approximately 29% (45–51%) of the OA mass in Colorado (Finland). Organic acid mass concentration correlates well with AMS m/z 44 (primarily CO2+), a commonly used marker for highly oxidized aerosol. Using the average empirical relationship between AMS m/z 44 and organic acids in these three studies, together with m/z 44 data from 29 continental northern hemispheric (NH) AMS data sets, we estimate that molecules containing carboxylic acid functionality constitute on average 28% (range 10–50%) of NH continental OA mass with typically higher values at rural/remote sites and during summer and lower values at urban sites and during winter.
Time‐dispersed ion signatures observed in the Martian magnetosphere by MAVEN
Authors: Halekas J. S. , McFadden J. P. , Connerney J. E. P. , Espley J. R. , Brain D. A. , Mitchell D. L. , Larson D. E. , Harada Y. , Hara T. , Ruhunusiri S. , Jakosky B. M.
Published: July 2015

Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN mission's (MAVEN) high‐cadence measurements reveal the frequent occurrence of ion energy dispersion events inside the Martian magnetosphere. The systematics of observed dispersion signatures suggest time dispersion of a broad source spectrum over a flight distance of a few thousand kilometers and disfavor mechanisms involving spatial dispersion. Pickup of heavy planetary ions in strong variable electric fields provides one potential mechanism that could produce the observed time dispersion signatures. The periodicity of many observed dispersion signatures, with frequencies near the upstream proton cyclotron frequency, suggests a possible role for low‐frequency plasma waves in accelerating the observed ions from a source near the induced magnetospheric boundary to the observation location inside the magnetospheric tail lobes. The observed dispersion signatures may provide a new way to track the flow of energy from the upstream region through the magnetosphere and the role of waves in driving the escape of ions from the atmosphere.
The flapping motion of the Venusian magnetotail: Venus Express observations
Authors: Rong Z. J. , Barabash S. , Stenberg G. , Futaana Y. , Zhang T. L. , Wan W. X. , Wei Y. , Wang X. D. , Chai L. H. , Zhong J.
Published: July 2015

With a newly developed technique and magnetic field measurements obtained by the magnetometer on Venus Express, we study the flapping motion of the Venusian magnetotail. We find that the flapping motion generally comprises contributions both from a nonpropagating steady flapping and a propagating kink‐like flapping. The flapping motion tilts the current sheet normal significantly in the plane perpendicular to the Venus‐Sun line. The kink‐like flapping waves traveling along solar wind electric field or its antidirection can be found in either magnetotail hemisphere where solar wind electric field pointing toward/away. The traveling behaviors suggest that the locations of the triggers for kink‐like flappings are near the boundaries between magnetotail current sheet and magnetosheath, not near the central region of magnetotail as is for the Earth's magnetotail.
Particles and iodine compounds in coastal Antarctica
Authors: Roscoe Howard K. , Jones Anna E. , Brough Neil , Weller Rolf , Saiz‐Lopez Alfonso , Mahajan Anoop S. , Schoenhardt Anja , Burrows John P. , Fleming Zoe L.
Published: July 2015

Aerosol particle number concentrations have been measured at Halley and Neumayer on the Antarctic coast, since 2004 and 1984, respectively. Sulphur compounds known to be implicated in particle formation and growth were independently measured: sulphate ions and methane sulphonic acid in filtered aerosol samples and gas phase dimethyl sulphide for limited periods. Iodine oxide, IO, was determined by a satellite sensor from 2003 to 2009 and by different ground‐based sensors at Halley in 2004 and 2007. Previous model results and midlatitude observations show that iodine compounds consistent with the large values of IO observed may be responsible for an increase in number concentrations of small particles. Coastal Antarctica is useful for investigating correlations between particles, sulphur, and iodine compounds, because of their large annual cycles and the source of iodine compounds in sea ice. After smoothing all the measured data by several days, the shapes of the annual cycles in particle concentration at Halley and Neumayer are approximated by linear combinations of the shapes of sulphur compounds and IO but not by sulphur compounds alone. However, there is no short‐term correlation between IO and particle concentration. The apparent correlation by eye after smoothing but not in the short term suggests that iodine compounds and particles are sourced some distance offshore. This suggests that new particles formed from iodine compounds are viable, i.e., they can last long enough to grow to the larger particles that contribute to cloud condensation nuclei, rather than being simply collected by existing particles. If so, there is significant potential for climate feedback near the sea ice zone via the aerosol indirect effect.