bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Linking the atmospheric Pacific-South American mode with oceanic variability and predictability
Authors: Lou Jiale , O’Kane Terence J. , Holbrook Neil J.
Published: October 2021

While Pacific climate variability is largely understood based on El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), the North Pacific focused Pacific decadal oscillation and the basin-wide interdecadal Pacific oscillation, the role of the South Pacific, including atmospheric drivers and cross-scale interactions, has received less attention. Using reanalysis data and model outputs, here we propose a paradigm for South Pacific climate variability whereby the atmospheric Pacific-South American (PSA) mode acts to excite multiscale spatiotemporal responses in the upper South Pacific Ocean. We find the second mid-troposphere PSA pattern is fundamental to stochastically generate a mid-latitude sea surface temperature quadrupole pattern that represents the optimal precursor for the predictability and evolution of both the South Pacific decadal oscillation and ENSO several seasons in advance. We find that the PSA mode is the key driver of oceanic variability in the South Pacific subtropics that generates a potentially predictable climate signal linked to the tropics.
Super-assembled silica nanoprobes for intracellular Zn(ii) sensing and reperfusion injury treatment through in situ MOF crystallization
Authors: Chai Qingdong , Xie Lei , Gao Meng , Liu Yingnan , Xu Xiangyu , Huang Xiaohong , Chen Pu , Wu Tong , Wan Qi , Kong Biao
Published: October 2021

A multifunction 2MI-P@MSN nanoparticle was constructed for Zn2+ sensing and reperfusion injury treatment. This strategy highlights the potential for the detection, absorption and assembly of excess zinc ions simultaneously.
An electrochemical sensor based on a glassy carbon electrode modified with sandwich structured ZIF-67@rGO for bisphenol A measurement
Authors: Chen Jinyang , Wang Jiamei , Ye Ruihong , Huang Dihui , Chen Sheng
Published: October 2021

The fabrication of sandwich structure of ZIF-67@rGO hybrids for BPA sensing applications.
One-pot gram-scale synthesis of virucidal heparin-mimicking polymers as HSV-1 inhibitors
Authors: Ahmadi Vahid , Nie Chuanxiong , Mohammadifar Ehsan , Achazi Katharina , Wedepohl Stefanie , Kerkhoff Yannic , Block Stephan , Osterrieder Klaus , Haag Rainer
Published: October 2021

A straightforward and gram-scale synthesis method was developed to engineer virucidal heparin-mimicking polymers as HSV-1 inhibitors.
Visualisation of helical structures of poly(diphenylacetylene)s bearing chiral amide pendants by atomic force microscopy
Authors: Yurtsever Ayhan , Das Sandip , Nishimura Tatsuya , Rodríguez Rafael , Hirose Daisuke , Miyata Kazuki , Sumino Ayumi , Fukuma Takeshi , Maeda Katsuhiro
Published: October 2021

First direct structural characterization of single-handed helical poly(diphenylacetylene)s has been accomplished by high-resolution atomic force microscopy. The key structural details including helical pitch and handedness were revealed.
The molecular mechanism behind the stabilization of insulin by choline and geranate (CAGE) ionic liquids – computational insights into oral insulin drug formulation
Authors: Palanisamy Kandhan , Prakash Muthuramalingam
Published: October 2021

The water-mediated H-bonding interactions and electrostatic effects of geranate ions can enhance the stability of insulin at 0.30–0.50 mole fraction of CAGE ILs.
Transition of CrI2 from a two-dimensional network to one-dimensional chain at the monolayer limit
Authors: Zhao Yuanyuan , Liu Hongsheng , Gao Junfeng , Zhao Jijun
Published: October 2021

A novel CrI2 chain structure is proposed as a one-dimensional ferromagnetic semiconductor. The CrI2 chain exhibited superelasticity and robust electronic and magnetic properties against tensile strain.
Calculating the adsorption energy of a charged adsorbent in a periodic metallic system – the case of BH4− hydrolysis on the Ag(111) surface
Authors: Karimadom Basil Raju , Meyerstein Dan , Kornweitz Haya
Published: October 2021

The hydrolysis of borohydride on the Ag(111) surface is explored theoretically, using the counter-ion method, to obtain the in-depth reaction mechanism.
Comparative studies on the VOC sorption performances over hierarchical and conventional ZSM-5 zeolites
Authors: Tang Qianxi , Deng Wei , Chen Donghang , Liu Dongqi , Guo Limin
Published: October 2021

The toluene and mesitylene dynamic adsorption capacity as well as the VOC adsorption bed efficiency and cycle efficiency were improved in HZ. The diffusion of toluene and hexane was enhanced by introducing mesopores.
Redox induced oxidative C–C coupling of non-innocent bis(heterocyclo)methanides
Authors: Panda Sanjib , Baliyan Rupal , Dhara Suman , Huang Kuo-Wei , Lahiri Goutam Kumar
Published: October 2021

Redox driven oxidative homocoupling versus oxygenation of bis(heterocyclo)methanides (BHMs) has been shown to be a function of varying BHM backbones and metal precursors.
Electrocatalytic CO2 reduction: role of the cross-talk at nano-carbon interfaces
Authors: Melchionna Michele , Fornasiero Paolo , Prato Maurizio , Bonchio Marcella
Published: October 2021

CO2RR is enhanced by the unique role of carbon nanostructures cooperating with metal and metal-oxide active phases to leverage charge transfer, reagent diffusion and structural stability, regulating a successful asset of interfacial interactions.
Stabilizing electrode–electrolyte interfaces to realize high-voltage Li||LiCoO2 batteries by a sulfonamide-based electrolyte
Authors: Xue Weijiang , Gao Rui , Shi Zhe , Xiao Xianghui , Zhang Wenxu , Zhang Yirui , Zhu Yun Guang , Waluyo Iradwikanari , Li Yao , Hill Megan R. , Zhu Zhi , Li Sa , Kuznetsov Oleg , Zhang Yiman , Lee Wah-Keat , Hunt Adrian , Harutyunyan Avetik , Shao-Horn Yang , Johnson Jeremiah A. , Li Ju
Published: October 2021

A sulfonamide-based electrolyte can greatly improve the cycling stability of the commercial LiCoO2 cathode at high cut-off voltages in Li metal||LCO batteries by stabilizing the electrode–electrolyte interfaces on both the anode and cathode.
Recent advances in plasmonic Prussian blue-based SERS nanotags for biological application
Authors: Liu Ya-Qin , Zhu Wei , Hu Ji-Ming , Shen Ai-Guo
Published: October 2021

The reliability and reproducibility of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) technology is still a great challenge in bio-related analysis.
Deep eutectic solvent assisted synthesis of dihydropyrimidinones/thiones via Biginelli reaction: theoretical investigations on their electronic and global reactivity descriptors
Authors: Shaibuna M. , Kuniyil Muhammed Jeneesh Kariyottu , Sreekumar K.
Published: October 2021

DES 2 (ZrOCl2·8H2O-ethylene glycol at 1 : 2 ratio) was used as a catalyst for the synthesis of dihydropyrimidinones/thiones via a Biginelli reaction.
Theoretical insight into the interaction on Ni and Cu surfaces for HMF hydrogenation: a density functional theory study
Authors: Plucksacholatarn Aunyamanee , Tharat Bunrat , Suthirakun Suwit , Faungnawakij Kajornsak , Junkaew Anchalee
Published: October 2021

Different chemistry, structural, and electronic charge properties result in different selectivity of the HMF hydrogenation in Ni and Cu.
A high-performance Co-MOF non-enzymatic electrochemical sensor for glucose detection
Authors: Ma Zhen-Zhen , Ma Yao , Liu Bing , Xu Ling , Jiao Huan
Published: October 2021

The non-enzymatic [Ch]2[Co3(BDC)3Cl2]/GCE electrocatalyst can rapidly detect glucose with high accuracy and reliability in both human serum and orange juice.
Thickness dependent properties of ultrathin perovskite nanosheets with Ruddlesden–Popper-like atomic stackings
Authors: Zhong Jingxian , Sun Yan , Liu Bowen , Zhu Chao , Cao Yang , Sun Encheng , He Kaiyue , Zhang Wei , Liao Kan , Wang Xiaoyong , Liu Zheng , Wang Lin
Published: October 2021

Our work reports the thickness-dependent growth and optical properties of perovskite nanosheets with different Ruddlesden–Popper-like atomic stackings.
N-Triflylphosphoramides: highly acidic catalysts for asymmetric transformations
Authors: Caballero-García Guillermo , Goodman Jonathan M.
Published: October 2021

N-Triflylphosphoramides (NTPA), have become increasingly popular catalysts in the development of enantioselective transformations as they are stronger Brønsted acids than the corresponding phosphoric acids (PA).
Diastereoselective synthesis of (±)-trichodiene and (±)-trichodiene-D3as analytical standards for the on-site quantification of trichothecenes
Authors: Sebald Michael A. , Gebauer Julian , Koch Matthias
Published: October 2021

A new RCM-based, divergent synthetic strategy towards native and deuterium labeled (±)-trichodiene is presented.
Syndiospecific coordination (Co)polymerization of carbazole-substituted styrene derivatives using the scandium catalyst system
Authors: Mu Xiaochun , Li Yang
Published: October 2021

Perfect syndiospecific polymerization of carbazole-substituted styrene derivatives was achieved using a rare-earth metal catalyst. Also copolymerization of FSt with styrene afforded copolymers with gradient sequence distributions and easily tunable incorporation rate.
In situ small-angle X-ray scattering studies during the formation of polymer/silica nanocomposite particles in aqueous solution
Authors: Czajka A. , Liao G. , Mykhaylyk O. O. , Armes S. P.
Published: October 2021

SAXS is used to study the formation of polymer/silica nanocomposite particles prepared by surfactant-free aqueous emulsion polymerization of 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl methacrylate in the presence of silica nanoparticles using a azo initiator at 60 °C.
A photoexcited halogen-bonded EDA complex of the thiophenolate anion with iodobenzene for C(sp3)–H activation and thiolation
Authors: Li Tao , Liang Kangjiang , Tang Jiaying , Ding Yuzhen , Tong Xiaogang , Xia Chengfeng
Published: October 2021

A direct photochemical thiolation of C(sp3)–H bond-containing substrates with thiophenol was developed. A halogen bonding-type EDA complex was found to trigger the downstream single electron transfer and hydrogen atom transfer process.
Structural properties of cationic surfactant-fatty alcohol bilayers: insights from dissipative particle dynamics
Authors: Svoboda Martin , Jiménez S. M. Guadalupe , Kowalski Adam , Cooke Michael , Mendoza César , Lísal Martin
Published: October 2021

Bilayers, self-assembled by cationic surfactants and fatty alcohols in water, are the basic units of lamellar gel networks – creamy formulations extensively used in cosmetics and pharmaceutics.
A study on the algorithm of ultrasonic detection and recognition based on DAG‐SVMs mixed HMM of teleoperation gestures for intelligent manufacturing devices
Authors: Liu Dianting , Zhang Chenguang , Wu Danling , Huang Kangzheng
Published: October 2021

Remote control for the position and status of a machine or an equipment can often be teleoperated by gestures in an intelligent manufacturing environment. In order to solve the problems that gestures with two directions such as left and right cannot be detected by single ultrasonic frequency, double different ultrasonic frequencies are used to detect gestures by the Doppler shift, and an algorithm of the recognition gesture based on the DAG‐SVMs mixed Hidden Markov Model (HMM) is proposed to identify and classify the extracted feature sequences. Thus, four more types of gestures are expanded other than that of reading display screen information, and the comparative experiments to classify and recognise gestures of teleoperation are made with DAG‐SVMs, the HMM, the DAG‐SVMs mixed HMM, and other improved HMM algorithms. The test results have shown that the mean rate of gesture recognition for the algorithm based on the DAG‐SVMs mixed HMM is 94.917%, which is 9.497% higher than that of the unimproved HMM, and its recognition accuracy of complex teleoperation gestures is improved by 2.3% compared with other improved HMM algorithms. The experimental results show that the DAG‐SVMs mixed HMM algorithm has a good effect on recognition for the gestures of teleoperation and it can perform gesture recognition accurately.
Design of a full V‐band fundamental mixer with an ultra‐wide IF from 0.01 to 22 GHz
Authors: Ren Le , Xu Jinping , Wang Chunmin
Published: October 2021

Design of a low cost Schottky diode based single‐balanced mixer (SBM) in full V‐band with an ultra‐wide intermediate frequency (IF) bandwidth is presented here. By loading multiple quarter‐wavelength short‐ended stubs at both radio frequency (RF) and local oscillator (LO) frequency on the multistage stepped impedance matching networks, a broadband grounding circuit is provided for IF signal and thus output power nulls are eliminated over an ultra‐wide IF band. The hybrid network is constructed by a 3 dB branch coupler and a 90‐degree delay line, which enables the required balanced outputs with equal amplitude and 180‐degree phase difference. A prototype of the SBM is designed, fabricated and tested. Measured results demonstrate that, for RF and LO frequency over entire V‐band, the mixer has a conversion loss from 6.8 to 11.4 dB with an ultra‐wide IF range of 0.01–22 GHz.
ESA‐CycleGAN: Edge feature and self‐attention based cycle‐consistent generative adversarial network for style transfer
Authors: Wang Li , Wang Lidan , Chen Shubai
Published: October 2021

Nowadays, style transfer is used in a wide range of commercial applications, such as image beautification, film rendering etc. However, many existing methods of style transfer suffer from loss of details and poor overall visual effect. To address these problems, an edge feature and self‐attention based cycle‐consistent generative adversarial network (ESA‐CycleGAN) is proposed. The model architecture consists of a generator, a discriminator, and an edge feature extraction network. Both the generator and the discriminator contain a self‐attention module to capture global features of the image. The edge feature extraction network extracts the edge of the original image and feeds it into the network together with the original image, thereby allowing better processing of details. Besides, a perceptual loss term is added to optimize the network, resulting in better perceptual results. ESA‐CycleGAN is applied on four datasets, respectively. The experimental results show that the authors’ computed final IS and FID values have good results compared to the results of several other existing models, indicating the superiority of the model in style transfer, which can better preserve the details of the original images with better image quality.
An optimal design approach on energy storage elements of DC/DC converters via matching principles
Authors: Liu Guangyu , Chen Xiaohui , Wang Jiajun , Lv Qiang , Zhu Ling
Published: October 2021

DC/DC converters are ubiquitous in renewable energies such as photovoltaic power systems. A novel and general approach is proposed that consists of three matching principles, which enables one to assign a best set of energy storage elements to a DC/DC converter to meet both desirable transients and small ripples, facilitating the design of a controlled DC/DC system. First, the principle of specification matching introduces a ‘virtual’ lower order model to meet the prescribed specifications. Second, the rule of order matching augments the ‘virtual’ model to a higher order, the same as that of the actual DC/DC circuit if necessary. Third, the principle of parameter matching helps derive desirable element parameters through solving an optimization nonlinear function with constraints. These principles are realized through a specific design method for boost DC/DC converters of a photovoltaic power system. Given some specifications, a numerical optimal design is executed to verify the effectiveness of the specific design tool as well as the proposed theory. A photovoltaic power system with the designed boost DC/DC converter is implemented in both the simulated environment and the physical environment.The experimental results show that both transient responses and steady state responses (or ripples) meet the given specifications. The proposed theory can either work alone in simple designs or assist in advanced control designs for a better performance.
Single‐station radar‐based UAV position estimation in complex urban environments
Authors: Bi Xiaoyan , Bai Di , Cui Yongqiang
Published: October 2021

In the complex electromagnetic environment of cities, detection and positioning of slow and small unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have always been a very challenging research topic. Usually, multiple radar observation stations are required to detect and track targets. Moreover, each radar observation station requires strict synchronisation, and the system is complex and costly. In view of this, under the condition of known prior information of urban geography, this study proposes a method to locate UAVs in complex electromagnetic environments, which use multiple virtual mirror synchronous radars constructed by multipaths and created by the complex buildings in urban environments. First, the simulation model is constructed, and the corresponding simulation parameters are given. Then, the algorithm for solving the single‐station radar location is proposed, and the algorithm is verified by the simulation of a ray propagation model. Finally, the proposed algorithm is further verified based on the measured data captured by the radar system in Section 2. The results show that the proposed algorithm based on the single‐station radar is able to locate the UAV in both line‐of‐sight and non‐line‐of‐sight site, and its positioning accuracy is better than 1 m.
Sexuelle Funktionsstörungen als Teilbereich der sexuellen Gesundheit in der Primärmedizin
Authors: Brenk-Franz Katja , Strauß Bernhard
Published: October 2021

Sexuelle Funktionsstörungen weisen eine hohe Prävalenz in allen Altersgruppen auf. Trotzdem werden die Themen sexuelle Gesundheit und sexuelle Störungen bisher im primärmedizinischen Kontext wenig thematisiert. Der Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über die Bedeutung sexueller Funktionsstörungen als Teilbereich der sexuellen Gesundheit insbesondere in der niederschwelligen medizinischen Versorgung.
Restructuring of a Hospital Radiology Department: Subspecialization Between Man, Machine, and Multidisciplinary Board
Authors: Henkelmann Jeanette , Ehrengut Constantin , Denecke Timm
Published: October 2021

Background Radiology, like almost no other discipline, is faced with a rapid increase in information and technology. This and the growing demands regarding referring medicine, quality requirements, and personnel efficiency increasingly require subspecialization in terms of content. There is already an established move towards radiological subspecialization in the Anglo-American region. In this review article, the content and possibilities of restructuring a hospital radiology department are presented in order to support acceptance in German-speaking countries.

Method Based on the current literature, the aspects of subspecialized radiology as well as its necessity, advantages, and disadvantages are discussed and the challenges to hospital management with respect to strategic implementation in the individual phases are presented based on the example of a university radiology department. The viewpoints also take into account the education regulations and integrate a modern learning concept.

Results and Conclusion Modern restructuring of hospital radiology departments is faced with increasing demands on a traditionally technically organized radiology department with regard to the complexity of referring medicine, subspecialization pressure (including in certified boards), and staff efficiency. The restructuring of a radiology department must be aligned with the clinical requirements and discussed in the overall concept of radiology including its environment.

Key points: 

Citation Format
Accuracy and Reproducibility of a Software Prototype for Semi-Automated Computer-Aided Volumetry of the solid and subsolid Components of part-solid Pulmonary Nodules
Authors: Werner Sebastian , Gast Regina , Grimmer Rainer , Wimmer Andreas , Horger Marius
Published: October 2021

Purpose To test the accuracy and reproducibility of a software prototype for semi-automated computer-aided volumetry (CAV) of part-solid pulmonary nodules (PSN) with separate segmentation of the solid part.

Materials and Methods 66 PSNs were retrospectively identified in 34 thin-slice unenhanced chest CTs of 19 patients. CAV was performed by two medical students. Manual volumetry (MV) was carried out by two radiology residents. The reference standard was determined by an experienced radiologist in consensus with one of the residents. Visual assessment of CAV accuracy was performed. Measurement variability between CAV/MV and the reference standard as a measure of accuracy, CAV inter- and intra-rater variability as well as CAV intrascan variability between two recontruction kernels was determined via the Bland-Altman method and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC).

Results Subjectively assessed accuracy of CAV/MV was 77 %/79 %–80 % for the solid part and 67 %/73 %–76 % for the entire nodule. Measurement variability between CAV and the reference standard ranged from –151–117 % for the solid part and –106–54 % for the entire nodule. Interrater variability was –16–16 % for the solid part (ICC 0.998) and –102–65 % for the entire nodule (ICC 0.880). Intra-rater variability was –70–49 % for the solid part (ICC 0.992) and –111–31 % for the entire nodule (ICC 0.929). Intrascan variability between the smooth and the sharp reconstruction kernel was –45–39 % for the solid part and –21–46 % for the entire nodule.

Conclusion Although the software prototype delivered satisfactory results when segmentation is evaluated subjectively, quantitative statistical analysis revealed room for improvement especially regarding the segmentation accuracy of the solid part and the reproducibility of measurements of the nodule’s subsolid margins.

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Contribution of Concurrent Comorbidities to Sepsis-Related Mortality in Preterm Infants ≤32 Weeks of Gestation at an Academic Neonatal Intensive Care Network
Authors: Barnette Brian W. , Schumacher Benjamin T. , Armenta Richard F. , Wynn James L. , Richardson Andrew , Bradley John S. , Lazar Sarah , Lawrence Shelley M.
Published: October 2021

Objective This study sought to identify concurrent major comorbidities in preterm infants ≤32 weeks of gestation that may have contributed to sepsis-related mortality following a diagnosis of bacteremia or blood culture-negative sepsis within the neonatal period (≤28 days of life).

Study Design This is a retrospective chart review of infants ≤32 weeks of gestation who were admitted to a single academic network of multiple neonatal intensive care units between January 1, 2012, and December 31, 2015, to determine the primary cause(s) and timing of death in those diagnosed with bacteremia or blood culture-negative sepsis. Direct comparisons between early-onset sepsis (EOS; ≤72 hours) and late-onset sepsis (LOS; >72 hours) were made.

Results In our study cohort, of 939 total patients with ≤32 weeks of gestation, 182 infants were diagnosed with 198 episodes of sepsis and 7.7% (14/182) died. Mortality rates did not significantly differ between neonates with bacteremia or blood culture-negative sepsis (7/14 each group), and those diagnosed with EOS compared with LOS (6/14 vs. 8/14). Nearly 80% (11/14) of infants were transitioned to comfort care prior to their death secondary to a coinciding diagnosis of severe grade-3 or -4 intraventricular hemorrhage, periventricular leukomalacia, necrotizing enterocolitis, and/or intestinal perforation.

Conclusion Preexisting comorbidities commonly associated with extreme preterm birth contributed to sepsis-related mortality in our patient cohort.

Key Points
Co-creation in citizen social science: the research forum as a methodological foundation for communication and participation
Authors: Thomas Stefan , Scheller David , Schröder Susan
Published: October 2021

This paper addresses the emerging methodological debate about citizen social science from the perspective of participatory research methods. The paper introduces the research forum as a horizontal and safe communicative space moderated by academic researchers that enables co-researcher participation across all phases of co-creational research projects. It is argued that in co-creational citizen social science, such a communicative space requires conceptualisation in order for it to foster citizens’ engagement in the knowledge production that deals with their specific social lifeworlds. In the research forum, the potential that the social sciences bring to citizen science—methodological reflection and the theoretical interpretation and contextualisation of data—can flourish in a collaborative process. Based on the expertise in co-created research in multigenerational co-housing projects, the paper reflects on practical experiences with the research forum in terms of four central dimensions: (1) opening up spaces for social encounters; (2) establishing communicative practice; (3) initiating a process of social self-understanding; (4) engaging in (counter-)public discourses. Finally, the paper closes with a summary of potential and challenges that the research forum provides as a methodological foundation for co-creation in citizen social science projects.
Magnetic vortices explored in Fe3O4 hollow nanoparticles
Authors: Frank Jodi Ackerman
Published: October 2021

The iron-oxide nanomagnets could have applications in magnetic hyperthermia to treat cancer.
Assessing the societal benefits of energy storage in electricity systems with large shares of renewables
Authors: Oliva H. Sebastian , Muñoz Juan
Published: October 2021

Energy storage systems (ESS) can offer significant benefits to electricity systems and hence to society. Some of them include avoiding the costs of expensive centralized electricity generation and its environmental impact. However, existing electricity market arrangements aiming at rewarding these benefits present large externalities and therefore fail to reward well the true societal benefits of energy storage. In particular, ESS could be operated to avoid the emissions of polluting centralized generation. Thus, ESS could also avoid the damage cost of those emissions such as the social cost of climate change and the damage on population health. These large externalities are likely much higher than typically seen carbon taxes and prices. In this paper, we present an empirical assessment of the locational societal benefits of energy storage in a real electricity system that has a significant presence of solar and hydro power generation, and important transmission constraints. The assessment is performed via a linear programming model that is applicable for small scale ESS. Major conflicts were found between energy and emission arbitrage in zones with hydrothermal generation, yet strong synergies in zones with high solar generation. Transmission congestion has a significant impact on this. Energy storage benefits associated with the provision of reserve services are the highest source of societal benefit. Finally, it is shown that a battery system may be an attractive investment from a societal perspective.
Boundary-layer instability measurements on a cone at freestream Mach 3.5
Authors: King Rudolph A. , Chou Amanda , Balakumar Ponnampalam , Owens Lewis R. , Kegerise Michael A.
Published: October 2021

An experimental study was conducted in the NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) Langley Supersonic Low-Disturbance Tunnel to investigate naturally occurring instabilities in a supersonic boundary layer on a 7° half-angle cone at nominal freestream conditions: Mach 3.5, total temperature of 299.8 K, and unit Reynolds numbers (millions per m) of 9.89, 13.85, 21.77, and 25.73. Instability measurements were acquired under noisy-flow and quiet-flow conditions. Pitot-pressure and calibrated hot-wire measurements were obtained using a model-integrated traverse system to document the model flow field. In noisy-flow conditions, growth rates and mode shapes achieved good agreement between the measured results and linear stability theory (LST). The corresponding N factor at transition from LST is N≈3.9. Under quiet-flow conditions, the most unstable first-mode instabilities as predicted by LST were measured, but this mode was not the dominant instability measured in the boundary layer. Instead, the dominant instabilities were less-amplified, low-frequency disturbances predicted by LST, and grew according to linear theory. These low-frequency unstable disturbances were initiated by freestream acoustic disturbances through a receptivity process believed to occur near the branch I location of the cone. Under quiet-flow conditions, the boundary layer remained laminar up to the last measurement station for the largest unit Reynolds number, implying a transition N factor of N > 8.5.
Modeling the importance of temporary hospital beds on the dynamics of emerged infectious disease
Authors: Misra A. K. , Maurya Jyoti
Published: October 2021

To explore the impact of available and temporarily arranged hospital beds on the prevention and control of an infectious disease, an epidemic model is proposed and investigated. The stability analysis of the associated equilibria is carried out, and a threshold quantity basic reproduction number (R0) that governs the disease dynamics is derived and observed whether it depends both on available and temporarily arranged hospital beds. We have used the center manifold theory to derive the normal form and have shown that the proposed model undergoes different types of bifurcations including transcritical (backward and forward), Bogdanov–Takens, and Hopf-bifurcation. Bautin bifurcation is obtained at which the first Lyapunov coefficient vanishes. We have taken advantage of Sotomayor’s theorem to establish the saddle-node bifurcation. Numerical simulations are performed to support the theoretical findings.
Gust mitigation with an oscillating airfoil at low Reynolds number
Authors: Poudel Naresh , Yu Meilin , Hrynuk John T.
Published: October 2021

The encounter between micro-aerial vehicles (MAVs) and gusts is often detrimental and mitigating the effects of the gust is important for operating MAVs under severe environmental conditions. This study investigates the impact of vertical gusts on stationary and oscillating NACA0012 (National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics) airfoils at low Reynolds numbers using high-order computational fluid dynamics methods, and identifies key dynamics that dominate gust mitigation. The interaction of the gusts with the stationary airfoil generates large unsteady forces, which exceed the peak static lift coefficient. A simple pitch-down maneuver and oscillating airfoil motion were tested as methods for mitigating the effects of the gusts. A rapid and significant pitch-down maneuver is observed to inadvertently cause a stall event by exceeding the negative stall angle. A stepwise change in the angle of attack (AoA), as the gust develops, is shown to be more effective at mitigating the gust effect. However, this gust mitigation strategy is still not effective if the gust continues to grow in magnitude. Low amplitude wing oscillations were then tested as a novel method for gust mitigation. Increasing the reduced frequency of the oscillating airfoil is shown to dominate the gust and results in a predictable oscillatory lift and drag/thrust behavior. Results also show that this effect is relatively insensitive to variations in the Strouhal number. These results suggest there may be gust mitigation strategies leveraging oscillating wing behaviors on MAVs.
Edges of inter-layer synchronization in multilayer networks with time-switching links
Authors: Cenk Eser Muhittin , Medeiros Everton S. , Riza Mustafa , Zakharova Anna
Published: October 2021

We investigate the transition to synchronization in a two-layer network of oscillators with time-switching inter-layer links. We focus on the role of the number of inter-layer links and the timescale of topological changes. Initially, we observe a smooth transition to complete synchronization for the static inter-layer topology by increasing the number of inter-layer links. Next, for a dynamic topology with the existent inter-layer links randomly changing among identical oscillators in the layers, we observe a significant improvement in the system synchronizability; i.e., the layers synchronize with lower inter-layer connectivity. More interestingly, we find that, for a critical switching time, the transition from the network state of low inter-layer synchronization to high inter-layer synchronization occurs abruptly as the number of inter-layer links increases. We interpret this phenomenon as shrinking and ultimately the disappearance of the basin of attraction of a desynchronized network state.
Bringing discrete-time Langevin splitting methods into agreement with thermodynamics
Authors: Finkelstein Joshua , Cheng Chungho , Fiorin Giacomo , Seibold Benjamin , Grønbech-Jensen Niels
Published: October 2021

In light of the recently published complete set of statistically correct Grønbech–Jensen (GJ) methods for discrete-time thermodynamics, we revise a differential operator splitting method for the Langevin equation in order to comply with the basic GJ thermodynamic sampling features, namely, the Boltzmann distribution and Einstein diffusion, in linear systems. This revision, which is based on the introduction of time scaling along with flexibility of a discrete-time velocity attenuation parameter, provides a direct link between the ABO splitting formalism and the GJ methods. This link brings about the conclusion that any GJ method has at least weak second order accuracy in the applied time step. It further helps identify a novel half-step velocity, which simultaneously produces both correct kinetic statistics and correct transport measures for any of the statistically sound GJ methods. Explicit algorithmic expressions are given for the integration of the new half-step velocity into the GJ set of methods. Numerical simulations, including quantum-based molecular dynamics (QMD) using the QMD suite Los Alamos Transferable Tight-Binding for Energetics, highlight the discussed properties of the algorithms as well as exhibit the direct application of robust, time-step-independent stochastic integrators to QMD.
A mechanical analog of Bohr’s atom based on de Broglie’s double-solution approach
Authors: Jamet P. , Drezet A.
Published: October 2021

Motivated by recent developments of hydrodynamical quantum mechanical analogs [J. W. M. Bush, Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech. 47, 269–292 (2015)], we provide a relativistic model for a classical particle coupled to a scalar wave field through a holonomic constraint. In the presence of an external Coulomb field, we define a regime where the particle is guided by the wave in a way similar to the old de Broglie phase-wave proposal. Moreover, this dualistic mechanical analog of the quantum theory is reminiscent of the double-solution approach suggested by de Broglie in 1927 and is able to reproduce the Bohr–Sommerfeld semiclassical quantization formula for an electron moving in an atom.
Hybrid gausslet/Gaussian basis sets
Authors: Qiu Yiheng , White Steven R.
Published: October 2021

We introduce hybrid gausslet/Gaussian basis sets, where a standard Gaussian basis is added to a gausslet basis in order to increase accuracy near the nuclei while keeping the spacing of the grid of gausslets relatively large. The Gaussians are orthogonalized to the gausslets, which are already orthonormal, and approximations are introduced to maintain the diagonal property of the two electron part of the Hamiltonian so that it continues to scale as the second power of the number of basis functions rather than the fourth. We introduce several corrections to the Hamiltonian designed to enforce certain exact properties, such as the values of certain two-electron integrals. We also introduce a simple universal energy correction that compensates for the incompleteness of the basis stemming from the electron–electron cusps based on the measured double occupancy of each basis function. We perform a number of Hartree Fock and full configuration interaction (full-CI) test calculations on two electron systems and Hartree Fock on a ten-atom hydrogen chain to benchmark these techniques. The inclusion of the cusp correction allows us to obtain complete basis set full-CI results for the two electron cases at the level of several micro-Hartrees, and we see similar apparent accuracy for Hartree Fock on the ten-atom hydrogen chain.
Dietary ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids are protective for myopia
Authors: Pan Miaozhen , Zhao Fei , Xie Bintao , Wu Hao , Zhang Sen , Ye Cong , Guan Zhenqi , Kang Lin , Zhang Yuqing , Zhou Xuan , Lei Yi , Wang Qi , Wang Li , Yang Fan , Zhao Chenchen , Qu Jia , Zhou Xiangtian
Published: October 2021

Significance

Myopia is a leading cause of visual impairment. However, a safe and accessible approach for myopia control is currently unavailable. In the present study, we demonstrated that dietary supplements of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs) attenuated myopia development in animal models. ω-3 PUFAs also ameliorated near-work–induced decreases in choroidal blood perfusion in young adults. Hence, when safety and effectiveness have been confirmed in future clinical studies, ω-3 PUFAs should be attractive candidates for myopia control in humans.
Orbitofrontal cortex and dorsal striatum functional connectivity predicts incubation of opioid craving after voluntary abstinence
Authors: Fredriksson Ida , Tsai Pei-Jung , Shekara Aniruddha , Duan Ying , Applebey Sarah V. , Lu Hanbing , Bossert Jennifer M. , Shaham Yavin , Yang Yihong
Published: October 2021

Significance

We recently introduced a rat model of incubation (time-dependent increase) of oxycodone craving after voluntary abstinence induced by negative consequences of drug seeking. We used resting-state functional MRI to determine whether longitudinal functional connectivity changes in orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) circuits would predict incubation of oxycodone seeking after cessation of drug self-administration by introducing an electric barrier near the oxycodone-paired lever. We report that opposing functional connectivity changes in OFC with dorsal striatum and related circuits during oxycodone self-administration versus voluntary abstinence predicted incubation of opioid seeking. OFC functional connectivity changes did not predict food seeking, which abated after voluntary abstinence. We propose that functional connectivity changes in OFC-related circuits at different addiction phases can be used to predict opioid relapse vulnerability.
Experiences with an Addiction Consultation Service on Care Provided to Hospitalized Patients with Opioid use Disorder: A Qualitative Study of Hospitalists, Nurses, Pharmacists, and Social Workers
Authors: Callister Catherine , Lockhart Steven , Holtrop Jodi Summers , Hoover Kaitlyn , Calcaterra Susan L.
Published: October 2021

Background

In response to the opioid epidemic, addiction consultation services (ACS) increasingly provide dedicated hospital-based addiction treatment to patients with substance use disorder. We assessed hospitalist and medical staff perceptions of how the presence of 2 hospitals’ ACS impacted care for hospitalized patients with opioid use disorder (OUD). We inquired about ongoing challenges in caring for this patient population.

Methods

We conducted a qualitative study of hospital-based providers utilizing focus groups and key informant interviews for data collection. Transcripts were analyzed using a mixed inductive-deductive approach. Emergent themes were identified through an iterative, multidisciplinary team–based process using a directed content analysis approach.

Results

Hospitalists ( n = 20), nurses ( n = 13), social workers ( n = 11), and pharmacists ( n = 18) from a university hospital and a safety-net hospital in Colorado participated in focus groups or key informant interviews. In response to the availability of an ACS, hospitalists described increased confidence using methadone and buprenorphine to treat opioid withdrawal, which they perceived as contributing to improved patient outcomes and greater job satisfaction. Participants expressed concern about inconsistent care provided to patients with OUD that varied by the admitting team's specialty and the physician's background and training. Nurses and hospitalists reported frustrations with achieving adequate pain control among patients with OUD. Last, pharmacists reported practice variations when physicians dosed buprenorphine for acute pain among patients with OUD. A lack of standardized dosing led to concerns of inadequate analgesia or return to opioid use following hospital discharge.

Conclusions

An ACS reportedly supports hospitalists and medical staff to best care for hospitalized patients with OUD. Notably, care provided to patients with OUD may not be uniform depending on various physician-level factors. Future work to address the concerns reported by study participants may include education for OUD treatment, early involvement of the ACS, and incorporation of buprenorphine prescribing algorithms to standardize care.
Weibull-Fréchet random path length model for avalanche gain and noise in photodiodes
Authors: Ong Duu Sheng , Tan Ai Hui , Choo Kan Yeep , Yeoh Keat Hoe , David John P R
Published: October 2021

A four-parameter Weibull-Fréchet (WF) distribution function has been introduced in the random path length (RPL) model for nonlocal modelling of soft-threshold ionisation in semiconductors. The WF function has been demonstrated to be capable of reproducing the realistic probability distribution function (PDF) of electron and hole ionisation path lengths extracted from full band Monte Carlo (FBMC) transport simulations of bulk GaAs. The electron-initiated multiplication in GaAs avalanche photodiodes (APDs) calculated by the WF-RPL model is in excellent agreement with the results from FBMC. The predicted excess noise factor is closer to that of FBMC as compared to the hard threshold RPL model. The advantage of this improved RPL model as a tool for predicting the PDF of electron and hole ionisation path lengths in AlAs0.56Sb0.44 from the experimentally measured avalanche gain and noise has been analysed. The electron ionisation path length PDF of AlAs0.56Sb0.44 has a unique feature of two decay rates with a narrow full width at half maximum and a long tail. The extremely low hole ionisation coefficient in AlAs0.56Sb0.44 is found with a PDF of ionisation path length spanning over 50 µm at an electric field of 600 kVcm−1, supporting the very low hole feedback ionisation in AlAs0.56Sb0.44 APDs. The combination of the detailed and peaked electron’s ionisation path length PDF and of the broad hole’s ionisation path length PDF is responsible for the extremely low avalanche noise in the 1.55 µm thick AlAs0.56Sb0.44 APDs.
Unidirectional spin-wave propagation and devices
Authors: Chen Jilei , Yu Haiming , Gubbiotti Gianluca
Published: October 2021

Unidirectional information transport plays a key role in optics, microwave technology, electronic logic circuits and devices. Spin waves (SWs) are considered to be a promising candidate for the next-generation logic devices, which have many advantages such as low-energydissipation and compatibility with radio-frequency-based electronic devices. Unidirectional SWs have been demonstrated in magnetic thin films theoretically and experimentally, offering a great opportunity to realize unidirectional transport of spin information. In this article, we review several methods for emitting and measuring unidirectional SWs, such as using the nonreciprocity provided by magnetostatic surface SWs and interfacial Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interactions. Unidirectional SWs can also be excited by magnetic nanowire arrays as well as spatially defined spin textures. Finally, we review some magnonic logic devices based on unidirectional SWs, such as spin-wave diodes.
Remote virtual regulatory inspections of facilities and practices utilising ionising radiation and MRI installations during the Covid-19 pandemic
Authors: Hourdakis Costas J , Vogiatzi Stavroula , Pafilis Christos , Kalathaki Maria , Tritakis Panagiotis , Nikolaou Magda , Manios George , Liotsou Vasiliki , Thrapsanioti Zoi , Lambrinakou Martha
Published: October 2021

Covid-19 pandemic imposes crucial social distancing rules and restriction measures; therefore, the access to facilities and sites, in order to perform on-site inspections, became difficult or not feasible. Greek Atomic Energy Commission (EEAE) adopted remote virtual inspections (RVIs) of facilities and practices applying ionising radiation and magnetic resonance imaging installations, in order to continue discharging its regulatory duty of inspection, effectively. This study presents the experience gained and lessons learnt from the implementation of the RVIs and explores the RVIs perception by the stakeholders. Moreover, the effectiveness and the capability of RVIs to identify ‘findings’, is assessed by comparing the on-site and the remote inspections outcomes. The presented study showed that RVIs could not replace the on-site inspections, entirely; however, they could support and contribute to the inspection activities and program, in certain circumstances. RVIs were proven to be a valuable tool for the inspection of procedures, documents and records as well as the design and operational conditions of the facilities. The performance of remote verification tests and measurements, although feasible, was challenging, due to the technical issues needed to be resolved in advance. The comparison between remote and on-site inspections outcomes showed that both inspection options had similar capability to identify ‘findings’, indicating the validity of the RVIs as an inspection methodology in certain inspection thematic areas. The perception of the RVIs was positive and the added value and usefulness was acknowledged by the inspected facilities’ personnel and the EEAE’s inspectors, although the latter mainly considered RVIs as complementary and supportive to the on-site inspections.
Reflection on the proposed changes to dose quantities—an industrial perspective
Authors: Lips M , Anderson E , Nishida K , Schneider G , Zic J , Sanders C , Owen J , Hondros J , de Ruvo A
Published: October 2021

In 2021, the ICRP initiated the revision of the general recommendations of the system of radiation protection, and part of it will focus on dose quantities. The recently published ICRP Publication 147 and ICRU Report 95 have described the extent of the proposed modifications and paved the way for the strategy to be adopted. These revisions would seek to simplify, improve the accuracy and extend the field of use of dose quantities. While the Radiological Protection Working Group of the World Nuclear Association recognises the notable improvement in the estimation of the protection quantities and the usefulness of such changes for the medical and research sector, the benefits of the proposed new system seem very limited for the nuclear industry and industries involving naturally occurring radioactive materials. The complexity associated with changing a long-standing and robust system and the risk incurred by the human factor seem unjustified, bearing in mind the likely cost.
Facile fabrication of binder-free photoelectrode for sensitive glucose sensing
Authors: He Kui , Qin Yimo , Wang Juan
Published: October 2021

A novel carbon nitride particle-decorated three-dimensional porous nickel foam (CN/NF) was fabricated by a simple thermal polymerization deposition method for photoelectrochemical glucose detection. In this PEC sensing system, the synergetic effect of the photoactive CN and conductive current collector NF with multi-charge transfer channels contributed to the efficient separation of photoexcited charge carriers. The CN/NF electrode showed an excellent response for glucose detection and good anti-interference properties. A wide linear detection up to 1000 μM and sensitivity of 460.2 μA cm−2 mM−1 were obtained. This work provides a new strategy for designing binder-free electrodes for PEC sensing.