bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cultural Distress: An Emerging Paradigm
Authors: DeWilde Christine , Burton Candace W.
Published: December 2016

Although cultural competence in practice is a common goal within the health care professions, little is known about the consequences of a lack of such competence in health and healing. We propose a novel theoretical framework of cultural distress to describe patient experiences of and reactions to care that does not incorporate attention to cultural needs. Use of the cultural distress model to guide research offers an innovative framework by which researchers may identify potential interventions such that patients never reach a level of cultural distress.
Voltage demodulation and vibration monitoring based on a polarization maintaining fiber loop mirror
Authors: Jiang Ying , Liang Dakai , Lu Jiyun
Published: December 2016

Wavelength demodulation for a polarization maintaining fiber loop mirror sensor using an optical spectrum analyzer is not only expensive but also not suitable for vibration monitoring. In this work, we demonstrate a voltage-based polarization maintaining fiber loop mirror sensor demodulation principle. In our experiments, we observed that the light intensity from the output interference spectrum at a certain wavelength increased with increasing strain. To remove the expensive optical spectrum analyzer, we converted the light intensity signals into voltage signals using a photo-detector. The obtained demodulation linear sensitivity was 1.19 mV/µε. Compared with fiber Bragg grating sensors, the sensitivity in our system was improved greatly. Furthermore, the polarization maintaining fiber loop mirror was applied to vibration monitoring. A vibration exciter was attached underneath the specimen for use as a vibration source. A laser displacement sensor was used for comparison. The experimental results show that the polarization maintaining fiber loop mirror performs better at high frequencies than the laser displacement sensor, and that signals below 20 Hz measured by the polarization maintaining fiber loop mirror were distorted as a result of exceeding the measurement range. In addition, we have proposed further decreasing the distortion by reducing the polarization maintaining fiber length and fabricating a polarization maintaining fiber loop mirror sensor with a different dynamic measurement range by adjusting the polarization maintaining fiber length.
Application of projection-based model reduction to finite-element plate models for two-dimensional traveling waves
Authors: Malladi Vijaya VN Sriram , Albakri Mohammad I , Gugercin Serkan , Tarazaga Pablo A
Published: December 2016

A finite element (FE) model simulates an unconstrained aluminum thin plate to which four macro-fiber composites are bonded. This plate model is experimentally validated for single and multiple inputs. While a single input excitation results in the frequency response functions and operational deflection shapes, two input excitations under prescribed conditions result in tailored traveling waves. The emphasis of this article is the application of projection-based model reduction techniques to scale-down the large-scale FE plate model. Four model reduction techniques are applied and their performances are studied. This article also discusses the stability issues associated with the rigid-body modes. Furthermore, the reduced-order models are utilized to simulate the steady-state frequency and time response of the plate. The results are in agreement with the experimental and the full-scale FE model results.
Crushing of circular steel tubes filled with nanoporous-materials-functionalized liquid
Authors: Sun Yueting , Li Yibing , Zhao Cang , Wang Meng , Lu Weiyi , Qiao Yu
Published: December 2016

The crush behaviors of steel tubes filled with nanoporous-materials-functionalized liquids are experimentally investigated under quasi-static and dynamic conditions. Results show that the nanoporous-materials-functionalized liquid can enhance the load-carrying and the energy absorption capacities of thin-walled tubes, as the buckling mode is affected. The effective buckling stress increases with the infiltration pressure, and the overall compressibility is highly dependent on the nanopore volume. A general rule of designing nanoporous-materials-functionalized liquid-filled tubes is proposed. The interaction between the tube wall and the nanoporous-materials-functionalized liquid is analyzed.
Preparing for the Future of Post–Acute Care: A Metasynthesis of Qualitative Studies
Authors: Gustavson Allison M. , Jones Jacqueline , Morrow Kelly J. , Stevens-Lapsley Jennifer E.
Published: December 2016

Despite poor outcomes for older adults following hospitalization, practice patterns of post–acute care clinicians and factors impacting quality of care are not well studied, which limits advancements in clinical care. Qualitative research on the factors that influence physician practice patterns with respect to older adults has been studied and may provide a framework for hypothesizing factors relevant to other post–acute care clinicians. Three themes emerged from this qualitative metasynthesis: (1) Current medical education and clinical guidelines are not aligned with the multifaceted care needed for older adults, (2) communication gaps impact quality of care, and (3) health policies constrain quality of care. Identifying potential factors that impact practice patterns in post-acute care providers may guide future research initiatives that shape health professional education and system policies.
Influence factors on bulk temperature field of gear
Authors: Luo Biao , Li Wei
Published: December 2016

The convective heat transfer coefficient of different tooth surfaces and the friction heat flux were identified based on the theory of tribology, heat transfer, and gear meshing theory. A more accurate parametric model of finite element thermal analysis of a single tooth was established by using APDL and the more accurate bulk temperature field of the gear was obtained. The factors that affect the bulk temperature field of gears were also analyzed, and the influence mechanism of each factor was carried out. The results show that high-pressure angle and tooth profile modification cannot only effectively reduce the bulk temperature of the gear, but also benefits the distribution of the bulk temperature. Long-addendum gear is beneficial to the distribution of the bulk temperature. The bulk temperature is proportional to the initial temperature of the lubricating oil. The variations of the equivalent curvature radius, the stiffness and the load sharing ratio of the meshing point are the ultimate cause of the change of the bulk temperature. The results of this paper can provide a more accurate and practical method for obtaining the bulk temperature of the gear, and it also can provide a theoretical basis and method to improve the thermal behavior of gears.
NGOs, trust, and the accountability agenda
Authors: Keating Vincent Charles , Thrandardottir Erla
Published: December 2016

Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) are undergoing an alleged crisis of trustworthiness. The past decades have seen an increase in both academic and practitioner scepticism, particularly given the transformations many NGOs have undergone in size, professionalism, and political importance. The accountability agenda, which stresses transparency and external oversight, has gained a significant amount of traction as a means to solve this crisis. But the causal link between the implementation of these recommendations and increased trustworthiness among donors has never been considered. This article bridges this gap by drawing on theoretical innovations in trust research to put forward three arguments. First, the proponents of the accountability agenda are implicitly working with a rational model of trust. Second, this model does not reflect important social characteristics of trust between donors and NGOs. Third, this mismatch means that the accountability agenda might do more to harm trust in NGOs than to help it.
Understanding climatic traditions: A quantitative and qualitative analysis of historic dwellings of Cadiz
Authors: Rubio-Bellido Carlos , Pulido-Arcas Jesús A. , Cabeza-Lainez Jose M.
Published: December 2016

Many historical European cities are home to houses of great heritage value. These structures have been able to provide comfort throughout history without the use of artificial conditioning systems. Even though such dwellings were influenced by academic styles, by contradicting vernacular architecture, their adaptation to local climate in order to achieve thermal comfort is commonplace. They were mostly built within compact urban tissues, making use of local materials, workforce and construction technologies. Learning from the past knowledge of these design strategies that are specifically adapted to specific climates can play a significant role in reducing the energy demand of extant buildings. Likewise, this paper thoroughly investigates the remaining urban conglomerate of Cadiz from a scientific approach. An original simulation software, duly tested with on-site measurements, was used to analyse the passive design strategies that were applied effectively. The results of this study indicate that historic neighbourhoods in Cadiz are creatively adapted to their natural conditions. In this sense, the main conclusion is that in mild climates, the combination of a compact urban tissue and climate responsive dwelling design should be sufficient to maintain acceptable indoor comfort levels.
Providers’ perceptions of the online community marketplace for lodging accommodations
Authors: Deale Cynthia S , Crawford Alleah
Published: December 2016

With the increase in intermediaries in the online marketplace for lodging accommodations, such as Airbnb, Vacation Rental by Owner, Home Away, and Flip Key, opportunities for consumers to book lodging accommodations and for home owners to rent out their own homes, condominiums, and bedrooms are growing. While some research has investigated travelers’ motivations for using these services, little work has addressed the motivations and behaviors of owners. This qualitative study used interpretative phenomenological analysis to analyze data collected from interviews with current owners. Themes that emerged from the analysis, pertaining to the description of the providers, included identity, motivations, and drawbacks; while those related to the daily operations of the facility included advantages, features, and logistics. Ultimately, the study found that providers of alternative lodging are focused on respect between hosts and guests, developing meaningful relationships, and acquiring all the necessary resources to operate.
Friction characteristics of piston rings in a free-piston engine generator
Authors: Yuan Chenheng , Xu Jing , Feng Huihua , He Yituan
Published: December 2016

Free-piston engine generator is a new alternative to traditional reciprocating engine, which moves without mechanical restriction of crankshaft system. This article investigated numerically the friction characteristics of piston rings in a free-piston diesel engine generator by adopting coupled models of dynamic and friction. The development of the dynamic model and friction model was described, and an iterative calculation method was presented, giving insight into the coupled parameters of these two models. The detailed effects of the dynamic on friction and lubrication were investigated compared with a corresponding traditional crank engine. The friction characteristics of the free-piston engine generator were found to differ clearly from those of the traditional engine due to its special piston motion. Compared with the traditional engine, the minimum lubricant film thickness of piston rings in the free-piston engine generator is thicker and lasts shorter at the dead center regions, but it is generally thinner at other positions. The average friction force, friction power, and friction work of the piston rings in the free-piston engine generator are less than the traditional engine due to the better lubrication in endpoints region. Meanwhile, the friction power of the free-piston engine generator increases with the increase in fuel mass or decrease in load. The friction efficiency varies in correlation with the generator load; the optimum friction efficiency can be obtained by either increasing or decreasing from a certain generator load.
Why UK doctors should be troubled by female genital mutilation legislation
Authors: Shahvisi Arianne
Published: December 2016

A UK doctor was recently acquitted of charges of reinstating a variety of female genital mutilation after delivering a child. In this paper, I contend that this incident reflects a broader confusion concerning the ethico-legal status of non-therapeutic genital surgeries for children and adults, which are not derivable from tenets of medical ethics, but rather violate them. I argue that medical professionals have an obligation to announce and address this confusion in order to motivate legislative reform, since the inconsistency of the current law entrenches the underlying sexism and ethnocentrism upon which its sense depends. Without convincing arguments for (a) condoning male circumcision and female cosmetic genital surgery and for (b) treating adult women of colour as lacking the capacity to consent, the current legislation stands in need of urgent revision.
Advancing Marksman into contralateral vertebral artery in the treatment of intradural vertebral artery dissecting aneurysm with Pipeline
Authors: Zhang Yupeng , Liang Shikai , Jiang Chuhan
Published: December 2016

Unruptured vertebral arteries dissecting aneurysms have a benign clinical course. The most common symptoms compromise headache, neck pain, dizziness and vomiting. The optimal endovascular treatment option remains controversial. Reconstructive techniques have many advantages over deconstructive ones since the advent of flow diverters such as the Pipeline embolization device (PED). Here, we present a case successfully treated with a PED through a combination of the radial access and advancement of the Marksman catheter into the contralateral vertebral artery due to the special angio-architecture of the patient.
Obstetric medical care and training in the United Kingdom
Authors: Jakes Adam D , Watt-Coote Ingrid , Coleman Matthew , Nelson-Piercy Catherine
Published: December 2016

The UK confidential enquiry into maternal deaths identified poor management of medical problems in pregnancy to be a contributory factor to a large proportion of indirect maternal deaths. Maternal (obstetric) medicine is an exciting subspecialty that encompasses caring for both women with pre-existing medical conditions who become pregnant, as well as those who develop medical conditions in pregnancy. Obstetrics and gynaecology trainees have some exposure to maternal medicine through their core curriculum and can then complete an advanced training skills module, subspecialise in maternal–fetal medicine or take time out to complete the Royal College of Physicians membership examination. Physician training has limited exposure to medical problems in pregnancy and has therefore prompted expansion of the obstetric physician role to ensure physicians with adequate expertise attend joint physician–obstetrician clinics. This article describes the role of an obstetric physician in the UK and the different career pathways available to physicians and obstetricians interested in maternal medicine.
Nivolumab in renal cell carcinoma: latest evidence and clinical potential
Authors: Mazza Camille , Escudier Bernard , Albiges Laurence
Published: December 2016

Similar to melanoma, renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has been historically considered as an immunogenic tumor, with interleukin 2 (IL-2) and interferon alpha (IFN-α) being the first approved treatments in the 1990s. However, these therapies were effective in only 10–20% of cases and were not well tolerated. Recently, new insights on the interaction between the immune system and tumor have identified the programmed death-1/programmed death-ligand-1 (PD-1/PD-L1) pathway to be a key player in evading host immune responses. The strategy of immune checkpoint blockade is to reduce inhibitory signaling and restore the patient’s natural tumor-specific T-cell-mediated immune responses. Nivolumab is the first PD-1 inhibitor to have gained approval for the treatment of patients with metastatic melanoma, squamous and nonsquamous non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), Hodgkin disease and recently RCC. In this review, we discuss results from studies of nivolumab in RCC, clinical experience with this agent, and its future development.
Migraine and frequent tension-type headache are not associated with multiple sclerosis in a Norwegian case-control study
Authors: Gustavsen MW , Celius EG , Winsvold BS , Moen SM , Nygaard GO , Berg-Hansen P , Lie BA , Zwart J-A , Harbo HF
Published: December 2016

Background

Inconsistent results have been obtained with regard to headache comorbidity in multiple sclerosis (MS).

Objective

Investigate the one-year prevalence of migraine and tension-type headache (TTH) in Norwegian MS patients and relate this to clinical parameters.

Methods

A questionnaire concerning headache was administered to 756 MS patients and 1090 controls and used to determine the one-year prevalence of migraine and frequent TTH.

Results

No significant differences were seen between patients and controls or between patients with different disease course. Less migraine was observed in patients with Expanded Disability Status Scale score (EDSS) ≥4.0.

Conclusions

This case-control study does not support an association between migraine or TTH and MS.
Evaluating surveillance imaging for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Cohen Jonathon B. , Behera Madhusmita , Thompson Carrie A. , Flowers Christopher R.
Published: December 2016

Up to 50% of patients with Hodgkin lymphoma and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma will relapse, requiring additional therapy. Although surveillance imaging is commonly performed in clinical practice, its ability to identify asymptomatic relapses and improve survival for patients is not well defined. We evaluated the surveillance imaging role in relapse detection and reviewed its impact on survival for relapsed patients, and found that current imaging approaches do not detect most relapses prior to clinical signs and symptoms or improve survival.
Sleep disordered breathing and autonomic function in overweight and obese children and adolescents
Authors: Van Eyck Annelies , Van Hoorenbeeck Kim , De Winter Benedicte Y. , Van Gaal Luc , De Backer Wilfried , Verhulst Stijn L.
Published: December 2016

Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA), common in children with obesity, is associated with cardiovascular morbidity. Autonomic dysfunction has been suggested to be a key player in the development of these complications. We investigated the relationship between obesity, OSA and sympathetic activity in children.

191 children with obesity were included and distributed into two groups: 131 controls and 60 with OSA. Beat-to-beat RR interval data were extracted from polysomnography for heart rate variability analysis. Urinary free cortisol levels were determined.

Urinary free cortisol did not differ between groups and was not associated with OSA, independent of the level of obesity. Differences in heart rate variability measures were found: mean RR interval decreased with OSA, while low/high-frequency band ratio and mean heart rate increased with OSA. Heart rate variability measures correlated with OSA, independent of obesity parameters and age: oxygen desaturation index correlated with mean heart rate (r=0.19, p=0.009) and mean RR interval (r= −0.18, p=0.02), while high-frequency bands and low/high-frequency band ratio correlated with arterial oxygen saturation measured by pulse oximetry (SpO2) (r= −0.20, p=0.008 and r= −0.16, p=0.04) andSpO2nadir (r=0.23, p=0.003 and r= −0.19, p=0.02).

These results suggest that sympathetic heart activity is increased in children with obesity and OSA. Measures of hypoxia were related to increased sympathetic tone, suggesting that intermittent hypoxia is involved in autonomic dysfunction.
Pathway collages: personalized multi-pathway diagrams
Authors: Paley Suzanne , O’Maille Paul E. , Weaver Daniel , Karp Peter D.
Published: December 2016

Background

Metabolic pathway diagrams are a classical way of visualizing a linked cascade of biochemical reactions. However, to understand some biochemical situations, viewing a single pathway is insufficient, whereas viewing the entire metabolic network results in information overload. How do we enable scientists to rapidly construct personalized multi-pathway diagrams that depict a desired collection of interacting pathways that emphasize particular pathway interactions?

Results

We define software for constructing personalized multi-pathway diagrams called pathway-collages using a combination of manual and automatic layouts. The user specifies a set of pathways of interest for the collage from a Pathway/Genome Database. Layouts for the individual pathways are generated by the Pathway Tools software, and are sent to a Javascript Pathway Collage application implemented using Cytoscape.js. That application allows the user to re-position pathways; define connections between pathways; change visual style parameters; and paint metabolomics, gene expression, and reaction flux data onto the collage to obtain a desired multi-pathway diagram. We demonstrate the use of pathway collages in two application areas: a metabolomics study of pathogen drug response, and an Escherichia coli metabolic model.

Conclusions

Pathway collages enable facile construction of personalized multi-pathway diagrams.
New tools to analyze overlapping coding regions
Authors: Bayegan Amir H. , Garcia-Martin Juan Antonio , Clote Peter
Published: December 2016

Background

Retroviruses transcribe messenger RNA for the overlapping Gag and Gag-Pol polyproteins, by using a programmed -1 ribosomal frameshift which requires a slippery sequence and an immediate downstream stem-loop secondary structure, together called frameshift stimulating signal (FSS). It follows that the molecular evolution of this genomic region of HIV-1 is highly constrained, since the retroviral genome must contain a slippery sequence (sequence constraint), code appropriate peptides in reading frames 0 and 1 (coding requirements), and form a thermodynamically stable stem-loop secondary structure (structure requirement).

Results

We describe a unique computational tool, RNAsampleCDS, designed to compute the number of RNA sequences that code two (or more) peptides p,q in overlapping reading frames, that are identical (or have BLOSUM/PAM similarity that exceeds a user-specified value) to the input peptides p,q. RNAsampleCDS then samples a user-specified number of messenger RNAs that code such peptides; alternatively, RNAsampleCDS can exactly compute the position-specific scoring matrix and codon usage bias for all such RNA sequences. Our software allows the user to stipulate overlapping coding requirements for all 6 possible reading frames simultaneously, even allowing IUPAC constraints on RNA sequences and fixing GC-content.

We generalize the notion of codon preference index (CPI) to overlapping reading frames, and use RNAsampleCDS to generate control sequences required in the computation of CPI. Moreover, by applying RNAsampleCDS, we are able to quantify the extent to which the overlapping coding requirement in HIV-1 [resp. HCV] contribute to the formation of the stem-loop [resp. double stem-loop] secondary structure known as the frameshift stimulating signal. Using our software, we confirm that certain experimentally determined deleterious HCV mutations occur in positions for which our software RNAsampleCDS and RNAiFold both indicate a single possible nucleotide. We generalize the notion of codon preference index (CPI) to overlapping coding regions, and use RNAsampleCDS to generate control sequences required in the computation of CPI for the Gag-Pol overlapping coding region of HIV-1. These applications show that RNAsampleCDS constitutes a unique tool in the software arsenal now available to evolutionary biologists.

Conclusion

Source code for the programs and additional data are available at http://bioinformatics.bc.edu/clotelab/RNAsampleCDS/.
Genome sequence and overview of Oligoflexus tunisiensis Shr3T in the eighth class Oligoflexia of the phylum Proteobacteria
Authors: Nakai Ryosuke , Fujisawa Takatomo , Nakamura Yasukazu , Baba Tomoya , Nishijima Miyuki , Karray Fatma , Sayadi Sami , Isoda Hiroko , Naganuma Takeshi , Niki Hironori
Published: December 2016

Oligoflexus tunisiensis Shr3T is the first strain described in the newest (eighth) class Oligoflexia of the phylum Proteobacteria. This strain was isolated from the 0.2-μm filtrate of a suspension of sand gravels collected in the Sahara Desert in the Republic of Tunisia. The genome of O. tunisiensis Shr3T is 7,569,109 bp long and consists of one scaffold with a 54.3% G + C content. A total of 6,463 genes were predicted, comprising 6,406 protein-coding and 57 RNA genes. Genome sequence analysis suggested that strain Shr3T had multiple terminal oxidases for aerobic respiration and various transporters, including the resistance-nodulation-cell division-type efflux pumps. Additionally, gene sequences related to the incomplete denitrification pathway lacking the final step to reduce nitrous oxide (N2O) to nitrogen gas (N2) were found in the O. tunisiensis Shr3T genome. The results presented herein provide insight into the metabolic versatility and N2O-producing activity of Oligoflexus species.
Joint inversion of seismic, vertical seismic profiling, and crosswell data — A case study from China
Authors: Yuan Hemin , Han De-hua , Li Hui , Cao Danping
Published: December 2016

Three-dimensional poststack and prestack seismic inversion results such as P- and S-impedance are commonly used for reservoir characterization. However, the frequency bandwidth of surface-based reflection seismic surveys usually ranges from 10 to 70 Hz, and these surveys have limited vertical resolution. The frequency bandwidth of vertical seismic profiling (VSP) and crosswell data is much wider than that of surface reflection seismic data, and it can give a detailed illumination of the subsurface around the borehole. We test a joint inversion method that integrated surface reflection seismic, VSP, and crosswell data. To better constrain the inversion results, we further integrate a posteriori information on the reflectivity obtained from petrophysics data into the inversion procedure. The a posteriori distribution we use is a modified-Cauchy distribution obtained from the statistical analysis of petrophysics data. To demonstrate the effectiveness of our algorithm, we applied our inversion strategy to a 2D synthetic model and a real seismic data set, and an uncertainty assessment was also performed. The joint inversion method can detect the thin layers that surface seismic inversion fail to, demonstrating the higher resolution of the method.
The effects of base-salt relief on salt flow and suprasalt deformation patterns — Part 1: Flow across simple steps in the base of salt
Authors: Dooley Tim P. , Hudec Michael R. , Carruthers Dan , Jackson Martin P. A. , Luo G.
Published: December 2016

Passive margins underlain by a salt detachment are typically interpreted as kinematically linked zones of updip extension and downdip contraction separated by a zone of translation above a smoothly dipping base of salt. However, salt flow is affected by the base-of-salt geometry across which it flows, and early-stage gravity gliding induced by basin tilt may be complicated by the presence of salt-thickness changes caused by the pre-existing base-salt relief. We investigate these effects using physical models. Dip-parallel steps generate strike-slip fault zones separating domains of differential downslope translation and structural styles, provided the overburden is thin enough. If the overburden is thicker, it resists breakup, but a change in the structural trend occurs across the step. Steps with mild obliquity to the dip direction produce transtensional and transpressional faults in the cover separating structural domains. Deformation complexity in the overburden increases where base-salt steps strike at a high angle to salt flow, and it is especially dependent on the ratio between the thick ([Formula: see text]) and thin ([Formula: see text]) salt across the step at the base of salt. Where the salt-thickness ratio ([Formula: see text]) is high, basal drag generates major flux mismatches, resulting in a contractional thickening of the salt and associated overburden shortening in thin salt above a base-salt high block. Shortening is transient and superseded by extension as the salt thickening allows the flow velocity to increase. When transitioning off a base-salt high block into a low block, the greater flux within the thick salt results in a monocline with extensional and contractional hinges. Structures are further deformed as they translate through these hinge zones. Our physical models demonstrate that extensional diapirs and compressional fold belts can be initiated anywhere on a slope as the salt accelerates and decelerates across base-salt relief. A fold belt from the Campos Basin, offshore Brazil, is used to illustrate these processes.
Immigration Economics by George J. Borjas: A Review Essay
Authors: Card David , Peri Giovanni
Published: December 2016

We review Immigration Economics by George J. Borjas, published in 2014 by Harvard University Press. The book is written as a graduate-level textbook, and summarizes and updates many of Borjas's important contributions to the field over the past thirty years. A key message of the book is that immigration poses significant costs to many members of the host-country labor market. Though the theoretical and econometric approaches presented in the book will be very useful for students and specialists in the field, we argue that the book presents a one-sided view of immigration, with little or no attention to the growing body of work that offers a more nuanced picture of how immigrants fit into the host-country market and affect native workers. (JEL A22, J11, J24, J31, J61, R23)
The Crisis in Economic Theory: A Review Essay
Authors: Hoover Kevin D.
Published: December 2016

The Great Recession and the financial crisis of 2007–09 prompted calls for fundamental reforms of economic theory. The role of theory in economics and in recent economic events is considered in light of two recent books: the sociologist Richard Swedberg's The Art of Social Theory and the economist André Orléan's The Empire of Value: A New Foundation for Economics. (JEL A11, B40, Z13)
The Emerging Opportunities for Innovation in Natural Resource-based Industries in Latin America: Only Potential or Being Realised?
Authors: Dantas Eva , Marin Anabel , Figueiredo Paulo N. , Bravo-Ortega Claudio
Published: December 2016

Increasing innovation opportunities in natural resources industries are transforming these industries, making them more dynamic and useful platforms for development. Latin American countries show a mixed record in exploiting these new opportunities.
Μουσείο, λογοτεχνία και εκπαίδευση: ενδεικτικά παραδείγματα από Ελλάδα και Γερμανία
Authors: Mortaki Sapfo , Blioumi Aglaia
Published: December 2016

Το μουσείο αποτελεί χώρο μη τυπικής μάθησης, όπου οι εκπαιδευτικές διαδικασίες στοχεύουν στη διασύνδεση της μάθησης με τον πολιτισμό, την ψυχαγωγία, την έμπνευση, τη δημιουργία,  ενώ η τελευταία ενεργοποιείται από τα εκτιθέμενα αντικείμενα. Τα μουσειακά εκθέματα προσφέρονται για πολλαπλές ερμηνείες και είναι δυνατόν να ωθήσουν τους εκπαιδευόμενους στην αναζήτηση της ερμηνείας τους με σκοπό την ανακάλυψη της γνώσης. Ως εκ τούτου, τα μουσεία διοργανώνουν εκθέσεις με στόχο τη γνωστική και ψυχολογική εμπλοκή του κοινού/μαθητών με τα εκθέματα, ενώ ειδικότερα τα λογοτεχνικά μουσεία στοχεύουν στη λογοτεχνική μέθεξη των επισκεπτών που διδακτικά επιτυγχάνεται διά της ανακαλυπτικής μεθόδου, συχνά υπό παιγνιώδη  μορφή. Κατά συνέπεια, οι επισκέπτες/μαθητές γίνονται συμμέτοχοι στην εμπειρία αυτή και όχι απλοί αποδέκτες μιας ήδη διαμορφωμένης έκθεσης. Στην παρούσα μελέτη παρουσιάζονται δύο παραδείγματα εκπαιδευτικών προγραμμάτων μουσείων, ένα από την Ελλάδα και ένα από τη Γερμανία, με στόχο τη διερεύνηση ομοιοτήτων αλλά και διαφορών στην εκπαιδευτική πράξη, καθώς η συγκριτική διερεύνηση εκπαιδευτικών προγραμμάτων σπανίζει ακόμη και στη διεθνή βιβλιογραφία.
Η αποτελεσματικότητα της χρήσης εικονιστικών επικοινωνιακών συμβόλων σε παιδιά προσχολικής ηλικίας στη διδασκαλία δεξιοτήτων στο Badminton.
Authors: Giakouvaki Athanasia , Antoniou Panagiotis , Bebetsos Evangelos , Zetou Eleni
Published: December 2016

Σκοπός αυτής της έρευνας ήταν να διαπιστωθεί αν η μέθοδος αυτοελέγχου με τη χρήση εικονιστικών επικοινωνιακών συμβόλων είναι αποτελεσματικότερη στην εκμάθηση κινητικών δεξιοτήτων στο badminton στην προσχολική ηλικία, σε σχέση με τη μέθοδο του παραγγέλματος. Το δείγμα αποτέλεσαν 60 παιδιά, τα οποία χωρίστηκαν σε δυο ομάδες. Την ομάδα παρέμβασης (αυτοελέγχου) όπου διδάχθηκε τις δεξιότητες του badminton μέσω εικονιστικών συμβόλων και την ομάδα ελέγχου όπου διδάχθηκε τις ίδιες δεξιότητες badmintonμε τη μέθοδο του παραγγέλματος. Ως εργαλεία ελέγχου χρησιμοποιήθηκαν τα κινητικά τεστ FrenchandStalter (Barrow & McGee, 1979∙ French, 1941∙ Washington, 1968) και το τεστ γνώσεων (τεχνικής, βασικών κανονισμών), «LeyTest».Τα παιδιά και των δυο ομάδων(αυτοελέγχου και παραγγέλματος) παρουσίασαν βελτίωση στην τεχνική αλλά όχι στην απόδοση (στόχος), με την ομάδα αυτοελέγχου να παρουσιάζει καλύτερα αποτελέσματα μεταξύ των μετρήσεων. Το ίδιο παρατηρήθηκε και στο τεστ γνώσεων. Η ανάλυση διακύμανσης για επαναλαμβανόμενες μετρήσεις (ANOVA) έγινε με το στατιστικό πρόγραμμα SPSS και τα επίπεδα στατιστικής σημαντικότητας ορίστηκαν p<.05. Τα αποτελέσματα της έρευνας έδειξαν ότι τα παιδιά προσχολικής ηλικίας είναι σε θέση να διδαχθούν, με τη μέθοδο του αυτοελέγχου με χρήση εικονιστικών συμβόλων, σύνθετες κινητικές δεξιότητες πέραν της μεθόδου του παραγγέλματος. Τέλος, διαπιστώθηκε η ανάγκη έρευνας στις μεθόδους διδασκαλίας που προσεγγίζουν την προσχολική ηλικία.
Ο κίνδυνος της αποφυγής του ρίσκου στο παιχνίδι
Authors: Kontopoulou Melanthia
Published: December 2016

Το ρίσκο αποτελεί μια σημαντική διάσταση του παιχνιδιού. Παράλληλα θεωρείται μέσο μάθησης, εξοικείωσης με το περιβάλλον και προώθησης της κινητικής, γνωστικής, κοινωνικής ανάπτυξης των παιδιών. Με την εμπλοκή τους σε ριψοκίνδυνες δραστηριότητες, τα παιδιά μαθαίνουν να διαχειρίζονται δυσκολίες και προετοιμάζονται για την αυτόνομη και ασφαλή λειτουργία τους. Ο περιορισμός του ριψοκίνδυνου παιχνιδιού στη σύγχρονη δυτική κοινωνία απασχολεί ιδιαίτερα τους επιστήμονες που ασχολούνται με την αγωγή των παιδιών. Όταν τα παιδιά δεν έχουν ευκαιρίες για αναπτυξιακά κατάλληλα ρίσκα, γίνονται πιο ανασφαλή, εξαρτημένα και ευάλωτα σε αντιξοότητες. Επομένως η υπερβολική προστασία των παιδιών και η αποφυγή του ρίσκου εμπεριέχει σοβαρότερους κινδύνους για την υγιή ανάπτυξή τους από τις πιθανές συνέπειές του. Στο άρθρο αυτό σχολιάζεται η σημασία του ρίσκου στο πλαίσιο του παιχνιδιού, οι παράγοντες που συμβάλλουν στον περιορισμό του και οι δυνατότητες επανένταξής του στη σύγχρονη κοινωνική πραγματικότητα. Υποστηρίζεται η αναγκαιότητα κατανόησης της συμβολής τόσο των κοινωνικών όσο και των ατομικών παραμέτρων στην αποτροπή του ρίσκου, αλλά και στην ενθάρρυνση των παιδιών να αναλαμβάνουν ρίσκα σε ένα πλαίσιο ασφάλειας. Τέλος επισημαίνεται η ανάγκη διεύρυνσης της έννοιας του ρίσκου με την αναφορά σε ριψοκίνδυνες δραστηριότητες που σχετίζονται όχι μόνο με την σωματική αλλά και την ψυχική υγεία των παιδιών.
Βιβλιοπαρουσίαση: Μαρτίδου, Ρ. (Επιμ.) (2015). Σύγχρονες διδακτικές προσεγγίσεις στην προσχολική και πρωτοσχολική εκπαίδευση. Θεσσαλονίκη: Δίσιγμα.
Authors: Avgitidou Sofia
Published: December 2016

Βιβλιοπαρουσίαση
Βιβλιοπαρουσίαση: Χοντολίδου et al. (Επιμ.) (2016). Μνήμη Σωφρόνη Χατζησαββίδη – Γλωσσ(ολογ)ικές & Παιδαγωγικές Προσεγγίσεις. Αθήνα: Gutenberg
Authors: Skourtou Eleni
Published: December 2016

Πάντα ο Σωφρόνης

Χοντολίδου, Ε., Τσοκαλίδου, Ρ., Τεντολούρης, Φ., Κυρίδης, Α., & Βακαλόπουλος, Κ. (Επιμ.) (2016). Μνήμη Σωφρόνη Χατζησαββίδη – Γλωσσ(ολογ)ικές & Παιδαγωγικές Προσεγγίσεις. Αθήνα: Gutenberg.
Διερεύνηση συμπληρωματικής εξ αποστάσεως εκπαίδευσης στο πλαίσιο ενισχυτικής διδασκαλίας μαθηματικών με την αξιοποίηση εκπαιδευτικού λογισμικού
Authors: Παπαφιλίππου Νικόλαος , Τσιάτσος Θρασύβουλος , Μανούσου Ευαγγελία , Λιοναράκης Αντώνης
Published: December 2016

Σκοπός του παρόντος άρθρου είναι η διερεύνηση συμπληρωματικής εξ Αποστάσεως εκπαίδευσης στο πλαίσιο ενισχυτικής διδασκαλίας των Μαθηματικών αξιοποιώντας εκπαιδευτικό λογισμικό, μέσω της πλατφόρμας Ηλεκτρονική Σχολική Τάξη (η-τάξη) του Πανελλήνιου Σχολικού Δικτύου (ΠΣΔ) και του εκπαιδευτικού παιχνιδιού μαθηματικών Volcanic Riddles. Για την εκπλήρωση του σκοπού πραγματοποιήθηκε εξ αποστάσεως παρέμβαση σε ηλεκτρονικό περιβάλλον, συμπληρωματικά με το σχολείο, σε ένα Γυμνάσιο του νομού Χαλκιδικής. Διερευνήθηκαν παράγοντες όπως οι αντιδράσεις (στάσεις) των μαθητών απέναντι στα μαθηματικά κατά την υποστήριξη της διδασκαλίας στο εξ αποστάσεως ηλεκτρονικό περιβάλλον, η επίδραση της η-τάξης και του παιχνιδιού στη στάση αυτή, η στάση απέναντι στην η-τάξη, το παιχνίδι και την εξ αποστάσεως εκπαίδευση (εξΑΕ). Όλοι μαθητές απάντησαν σε ερωτηματολόγια στάσεων πριν και μετά την παρέμβαση. Επιπλέον, οι μαθητές που μετείχαν στην η-τάξη και στο παιχνίδι απάντησαν μετά την παρέμβαση σε ερωτηματολόγιο που αφορούσε την παρουσίαση μαθηματικών εννοιών και την εξΑΕ. Ακόμη, οι μαθητές που δεν συμμετείχαν σε κάποια επιπλέον μαθησιακή δραστηριότητα πέραν της παραδοσιακής διδασκαλίας στην τάξη συμπλήρωσαν ερωτηματολόγιο σε σχέση με την εξΑΕ και τους παράγοντες που εμποδίζουν την υλοποίησή της. Σύμφωνα με τα κύρια αποτελέσματα της εργασίας οι στάσεις των μαθητών διαφοροποιήθηκαν μετά την παρέμβαση. Οι εξΑ δραστηριότητες βοήθησανστην κατανόηση των εννοιών, ενώ αύξησαν την επιθυμία τους να παρακολουθήσουν εξΑ μαθήματα.
Social Media in Greek K-12 education: A research model that explores teachers’ behavioral intention
Authors: Georgakainas Babis , Zaharias Panagiotis
Published: December 2016

During the last decade we have witnessed a rapid growth of Web 2.0 technologies and especially the so-called online social media. Many people, from every age group but especially teenagers, participate in online communities, making new friends and exhibiting themselves and their interests in a huge international audience. It is extremely important for educational practitioners and researchers to successfully incorporate the dynamics of web 2.0 and social media in their practices. This is especially true for the teachers of K-12 education. The main aim of this study is to examine the factors that may affect teachers’ behavioral intention to use social media in their classes. Very little is known from teachers’ perspective and empirical work isvery limited, especially from Southern European countries. This research was setup inorder to develop and test a seven-factor model to explain the Greek teachers’behavioral intention to use social media in their classes. Findings reveal thatExperience, Perceived Usefulness and Trialability have a significant impact whileSubjective Norms and Perceived Ease of Use have a more weak impact on teacher’s behavioral intention.
Παραγωγή και αξιολόγηση εκπαιδευτικού υλικού με χρήση Επαυξημένης Πραγματικότητας για τη διδασκαλία της ενότητας «Αναπαράσταση της πληροφορίας στον υπολογιστή» στο Γυμνάσιο
Authors: Γιασιράνης Στέφανος , Σοφός Αλιβίζος
Published: December 2016

Σκοπός της παρούσας εργασίας ήταν η διερεύνηση της προστιθέμενης αξίας της τεχνολογίας της Επαυξημένης Πραγματικότητας στην εκπαίδευση και συγκεκριμένα, κατά πόσο αυτή συμβάλει τόσο στη βελτίωση της επίδοσης των μαθητών, όσο και στην εμφάνιση της ψυχολογικής κατάστασης Ροής, που σύμφωνα με έρευνες έχει θετικήεπίδραση στην επίδοση τους, όταν τη βιώνουν κατά τη διάρκεια της μαθησιακής διαδικασίας. Στην έρευνα συμμετείχαν συνολικά 42 μαθητές της Β’ Γυμνασίου οι οποίοι διδάχθηκαν την «Αναπαράσταση της πληροφορίας στον υπολογιστή» χρησιμοποιώντας δύο διαφορετικές τεχνολογίες, αυτές της Επαυξημένης Πραγματικότητας και του Web. Τα ερευνητικά δεδομένα έδειξαν ότι και οι δύο τεχνολογίες συνέβαλλαν στην βελτίωση της επίδοσης των μαθητών και στην εμφάνιση Ροής στους μαθητές, με καλύτερους όμως  μέσους όρους και ποσοστά για την ομάδα που αξιοποίησε την τεχνολογία της Επαυξημένης Πραγματικότητας.
Το Animation στην εκπαίδευση: Η περίπτωση ενός σχολικού βιωματικού εργαστηρίου για την δημιουργία από τους μαθητές ενός επίκαιρου κοινωνικού μηνύματος
Authors: Σιάκας Σπύρος , Γκούσιος Χαράλαμπος
Published: December 2016

Στην εργασία αυτή περιγράφονται οι βασικές αρχές σχεδιασμού και υλοποίησης ενόςσχολικού βιωματικού εργαστηρίου στο οποίο αξιοποιούνται οι αφηγηματικές καιμορφολογικές δυνατότητες της τεχνικής του animation για τη δημιουργία ενόςεπίκαιρου κοινωνικού μηνύματος από τους μαθητές της πρώτης λυκείου τηςΙωνιδείου Σχολής Πειραιά. Επίσης, γίνεται μορφολογική ανάλυση της ταινίαςanimation, η οποία προέκυψε από το εργαστήριο, και σύνδεση της αφηγηματικήςδομής της με τη διδακτική στρατηγική του εργαστηρίου. Τέλος, γίνεται μιαδιερεύνηση της πιθανής παιδαγωγικής αξιοποίησης του εργαστηρίου και της ταινίαςπου προέκυψε από αυτό στο πλαίσιο συγκεκριμένων αρχών ενεργητικής μάθησηςτόσο στην κλασσική όσο και στη εξ αποστάσεως εκπαίδευση.
Actual Directions of Researches of the Regions of Old Industrial Type in the Russian Federation
Authors: Сорокина  , Sorokina Natalia
Published: December 2016

With use of Internet data basis of scientific electronic library eLIBRARY.RU the

most actual areas of scientific and practical researches of old-industrial regions

in the Russian Federation are defined: studying of foreign experience of state

regulation of development of territories of old-industrial type; research

of environmental problems of regions; research of problems of the cities located

in old- industrial regions; research of specific problems of development

of concrete old-industrial territories. It is proved that problems of social and

economic development of territories are most actively investigated; the special

attention is paid to justification of adequate approaches to their decision

in modern conditions. The common and specific problems interfering sustainable

social and economic development of old-industrial regions are revealed. It is

shown that the main directions of the solution of the revealed problems are:

realization of policy of reindustrialization, cluster policy, diversification of structure

of economy, improvement of strategic planning. In the conclusion the perspective

directions of scientific researches of old-industrial regions in the Russian

Federation are defined.
Diabetes: the Nature of the Disease
Authors: Rees D. A. , Gibby O. M.
Published: December 2016

The cause of diabetes may be primary or secondary. Primary diabetes is divided into insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) or type I diabetes, and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) or type II diabetes, with the two representing different diseases from an epidemiological viewpoint. Secondary diabetes is caused by liver, pancreatic and endocrine disease, in addition to genetic syndromes and drugs.
Footwear and Orthoses in Diabetes
Authors: Tyrrell W
Published: December 2016

Footwear can be a valuable therapeutic aid or it can be the cause of foot problems. In patients with diabetes, unsuitable footwear may contribute significantly to foot morbidity and to incapacity1, but patients can be advised on suitable footwear to help prevent ulceration which, all too often, can lead to the worst possible outcome — amputation.
Bone grafts, bone graft extenders, substitutes and enhancers for acetabular reconstruction in revision total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Pierannunzii Luca , Zagra Luigi
Published: December 2016

Acetabular bone loss is a relevant concern for surgeons dealing with a failed total hip arthroplasty. Since the femoral head is no longer available, allografts represent the first choice for most reconstructive solutions, either as a structural buttress or impacted bone chips. Even though fresh-frozen bone is firmly recommended for structural grafts, freeze-dried and/or irradiated bone may be used alternatively for impaction grafting. Indeed, there are some papers on freeze-dried or irradiated bone impaction grafting, but their number is limited, as is the number of cases. Xenografts do not represent a viable option based on the poor available evidence but bioactive bioceramics such as hydroxyapatite and biphasic calcium phosphates are suitable bone graft extenders or even substitutes for acetabular impaction grafting. Bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells and demineralised bone matrix seem to act as reliable bone graft enhancers, i.e. adjuvant therapies able to improve the biological performance of standard bone grafts or substitutes. Among these therapies, platelet-rich plasma and bone morphogenetic proteins need to be investigated further before any recommendations can be made.

Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2016;1:431-439. DOI:10.1302/2058-5241.160025
Ultra-compact injection terahertz laser using the resonant inter-layer radiative transitions in multi-graphene-layer structure
Authors: Dubinov Alexander A. , Bylinkin Andrey , Aleshkin Vladimir Ya. , Ryzhii Victor , Otsuji Taiichi , Svintsov Dmitry
Published: December 2016

The optimization of laser resonators represents a crucial issue for the design of tera-hertz semiconductor lasers with high gain and low absorption loss. In this paper, we put forward and optimize the surface plasmonic metal waveguide geometry for the recently proposed tera-hertz injection laser based on resonant radiative transitions between tunnel-coupled graphene layers. We find an optimal number of active graphene layer pairs corresponding to the maximum net modal gain. The maximum gain increases with frequency and can be as large as ∼ 500 cm−1 at 8 THz, while the threshold length of laser resonator can be as small as ∼ 50 μm. Our findings substantiate the possibility of ultra-compact voltage-tunable graphene-based lasers operating at room temperature.
On-chip asymmetric microcavity optomechanics
Authors: Soltani Soheil , Hudnut Alexa W. , Armani Andrea M.
Published: December 2016

High quality factor (Q) optical resonators have enabled rapid growth in the field of cavity-enhanced, radiation pressure-induced optomechanics. However, because research has focused on axisymmetric devices, the observed regenerative excited mechanical modes are similar. In the present work, a strategy for fabricating high-Q whispering gallery mode microcavities with varying degrees of asymmetry is developed and demonstrated. Due to the combination of high optical Q and asymmetric device design, two previously unobserved modes, the asymmetric cantilever and asymmetric crown mode, are demonstrated with sub-mW thresholds for onset of oscillations. The experimental results are in good agreement with computational modeling predictions.
Panorámica y evolución de la teoría sintáctica de Emilio Alarcos Llorach bajo el prisma de sus tres obras clave
Authors: García González Cristina
Published: December 2016

Emilio Alarcos Llorach ha sido uno de los lingüistas más influyentes del panorama hispánico del siglo XX. Inscrito en el funcionalismo, sus teorías sintácticas experimentan una lógica evolución que nos proponemos analizar. A partir de la segmentación de su obra en tres etapas, correspondientes a sus tres gramáticas principales, hemos seleccionado y examinado cinco aspectos significativos desde un punto de vista sintáctico para, posteriormente, trazar la evolución de su pensamiento.