bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adverse Drug Reactions in an Ageing PopulaTion risk Prediction (ADAPTiP) tool: development of a prediction model related to hospital admissions
Authors: Frydenlund Juliane , Cosgrave Nicole , Moriarty Frank , Wallace Emma , Kirke Ciara , Williams David , Bennet Kathleen , Cahir Caitriona
Published: September 2024

Background

Older patients are at an increased risk of developing adverse drug reactions (ADRs). The aim of this study was to develop a risk prediction model (ADAPTiP) for ADR-related hospital admissions in older populations, based on predictors available at the time of hospital admission.

Methods

Using the Adverse Drg reactions in an Ageing PopulaTion (ADAPT) cohort (N=798; 361 ADR-related admissions; 437 non-ADR-related admissions), a cross-sectional and prospective cohort study designed to examine the prevalence of and risk factors for ADR-related hospital admissions in patients aged ≥ 65 years, twenty predictors (categorised as sociodemographic-related, functional ability-related, disease-related and medication-related) were considered in the development of the model. A multivariable logistic regression model was developed using statistically significant univariate associations and/or clinically relevant predictors to estimate adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Calibration and discriminative performance of the model was assessed by the Hosmer-Lemeshow test and by calculating the area under the receiver operator characteristic (AUROC) curve.

Results

The multivariable model (ADAPTiP) included ten predictors; age, frailty, chronic lung disease, antithrombotic agents, diuretics, renin angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS) drug classes, primary presenting complaints of respiratory, bleeding, gastrointestinal disorders and syncope on hospital admission. Antithrombotic agents, diuretics and RAAS drug classes and the primary presenting complaints of bleeding disorders, gastrointestinal disorders and syncope and frailty were significantly associated with an ADR-related hospital admission. Whereas, increasing age and presence of chronic lung disease were significantly associated with having a non-ADR-related hospital admission. The AUROC was 0.78 [95%CI:0.75;0.81] with sensitivity and specificity values of 59% and 83%, respectively.

Conclusion

ADAPTiP has the potential for use as a risk prediction model for ADR-related hospital admissions. Future research will validate this model in other settings.
The Aftermath: Investigating Readmission And Mortality Trends In Older Adults
Authors: Heywood Sarah , Weadick Ciara , Moledina Ameera , Bradfield Robyn
Published: September 2024

Background

Acute hospital readmissions have significant implications for both the patient and the health service. Research has shown that up to 70 percent of hospital readmissions may be avoidable, while patients who are readmitted to hospital have a higher in-hospital mortality risk. The Health Service Executive has set a Key Performance Indicator of a readmission rate within 30 days of less than 11.1 percent. The purpose of this study is to identify the number of patients aged 75 years and older readmitted to a busy model four hospital within 30 days of their discharge. It will also quantify the number of deaths within this patient group. We aim to identify key areas where pathways for older adults could be developed to improve quality of care and reduce the overall burden on both the patient and acute hospital service.

Methods

Data was collected retrospectively for patients admitted between September 1st, 2023, and September 30th, 2023.

Results

In total 272 patients aged 75 years and older were admitted within a one-month period. 47 patients were admitted under the geriatric medicine service. The mean length of stay for all patients was 12.41 days. 160 patients were discharged directly home while 27 were discharged to long term care. The remaining patients were discharged to rehab, convalescence or hospice. 28 patients died during their inpatient stay. 6 patients died within one month of discharge. In total 13 patients were readmitted to hospital within one month following their discharge. 23 percent of patients died following readmission. The most common reason for readmission was a respiratory illness.

Conclusion

4.7 percent of patients aged 75 years and older were readmitted to hospital within one month of discharge. This falls below the national target set by the HSE. However, there was a high mortality rate amongst those readmitted to hospital.
8 Year Follow up of Patients Diagnosed with Dementia in a Tertiary Memory Service
Authors: McHale Cathy , Fallon Aoife , Knight Graham , Kennelly Sean
Published: September 2024

Background

Approximately 64,000 people live with dementia in Ireland with an expected increase to 150,000 by 2045. Time to presentation with symptoms of cognitive decline varies between cases. The heterogenous nature of dementia makes estimations of an individualised trajectory of decline challenging.

Methods

Retrospective analysis was undertaken patients (n=17) of those diagnosed with dementia in 2016 whereby outcomes were discernible from records of the organisation. Data were extracted from the clinic Excel database, Patient Information Management System and Electronic Patient Record portal. Diagnosis was verified using the clinic letter at time of diagnosis. Data was processed using Microsoft Excel.

Results

Mean age was 77 (range 64-84). Diagnostic breakdown was AD 35.2% (n=6); AD/VaD 41.1% (n=7); VaD 23.5% (n=4). Average survival was 64.8 months (range 16-100). The group averaged 6.2 medicines and 4.3 comorbidities – most common cited were Hypertension (13%) Osteoporosis (8.3%); Hypercholesterolaemia & IHD (6.9%); Hypothyroidism & T2DM (5.5%). Average Emergency Department admissions was 2.5 episodes with average 5 admissions. 5 remain alive, 12 RIP – 6 (LTC); 5 hospital and 1 at home. Two live at home, 3 in LTC. Average time living within their own home was 61.1 months (those who died in LTC) and 43.4 (those who died in Hospital). Longest length of admission pre death was 18 days (3-18).

Conclusion

A diagnosis of dementia affords a level of anxiety with regard to the future. The provision of a roadmap of decline is difficult as the journey of each patient is unique. Within this cohort, patients tended to live at home for long periods of time regardless of their age and despite multiple co morbidities. Where patients were admitted prior to their death, this was usually close to the end of their life. A valuable focus of hope should be placed on enjoying and living the years of possible life after diagnosis.
Effect of a National Stroke Awareness Campaign on Ambulance call-outs and Paramedic Diagnosis of Suspected Stroke
Authors: Doyle Patrick , Donnell Cathal O , Collins Rónán
Published: September 2024

Background

The Irish Heart Foundation and National Clinical Programme for Stroke ran the Face, Arm, Speech, Time (FAST) public awareness campaign in January and July 2023, to raise awareness of stroke symptoms and the need for rapid response. We aim to evaluate the impact of this campaign.

Methods

Interrupted time series (January 2021 to December 2023) assessed the impact of the campaign on: calls received by ambulance control triaged as suspected stroke and provisional stroke diagnosis made by paramedics at time of leaving scene. Means were compared using Kruskal-Wallis test.

Results

Pre-campaign, the mean calls per month triaged as suspected stroke was 1060, which rose to 1130 and 1165 following the January and July bursts of the campaign respectively (p<0.0017). There was a baseline trend for increasing ambulance calls for suspected stroke (β= 0.01, 95% CI 0.008 to 0.0121; p < 0.001) and paramedic provisional stroke diagnoses (β=0.0083, 95% CI 0.006 to 0.0110; p<0.001). The January burst of the campaign was associated with a reduction in ambulance calls (β= -0.014, 95% CI -0.022 to -0.007; p <0.001), whereas the July burst of the campaign showed a slight increase in calls compared to no campaign (β=0.031, 95% CI 0.016 to 0.047; p <0.001). Conversely, there was a trend towards an increase in paramedic-suspected strokes following the January burst of the campaign and a trend towards a decrease after the July component.

Conclusion

The mean number of callouts and paramedic provisional diagnosis of suspected stroke increased following the 2023 FAST campaign (9.91 percent and 12.18 percent). Overall, the study suggests the campaign led to more suspected stroke calls, but the immediate impact on call volume during the campaign periods themself was complex. These results prompt the need for further analysis.
Associations Between Sleep And Cognition Among Middle-Aged And Older Adults In Europe
Authors: Crowley Patrick , O'Donovan Mark , Flanagan Evelyn , O'Caoimh Rónán
Published: September 2024

Background

The Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) is a supranational longitudinal study of community-dwelling middle-aged and older adults involving 29 countries, including all continental members of the European Union. We analysed wave 8 of SHARE (2019/2020) for associations between sleep and cognition.

Methods

The previously validated SHARE Cognitive Instrument (SHARE-Cog), which includes 10-word registration, verbal fluency and 10-word recall, was used to assess cognition. Together with data on impairment in activities of daily living and subjective perception of cognition, participants were divided into four groups: dementia, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), subjective memory complaint (SMC), normal cognition (NC). Survey-weighted generalised linear regression models were used to compare groups. To analyse the association between sleep duration and cognition, total hours of sleep was plotted on the x-axis and mean SHARE-Cog score on the y-axis.

Results

29,450 were included (55% female; mean age 68.27), categorised as: Dementia 4%, MCI 9%, SMC 14% and NC 73%. A characteristic ‘inverted U’ shaped association was observed between sleep duration and cognition. Compared to optimal sleep duration of seven hours, mean SHARE-Cog scores declined progressively with more or less sleep. Those with cognitive impairment were significantly more likely to report recent trouble sleeping: Dementia 47%; MCI 43%; SMC 46%; NC 30% (p <0.001). Cognitive impairment was also significantly associated with increased use of medication to aid sleep (Dementia 17%; MCI 13%; SMC 8%; NC 4%, p <0.001) and with daytime napping or resting (Dementia 72%; MCI 60%; SMC 45%; NC 41%, p <0.001).

Conclusion

This analysis of a large population-based study confirmed an ‘inverted-U’ shaped association between sleep duration and cognition. Cognitive impairment was also significantly associated with increased reports of recent trouble sleeping, increased use of medication to aid sleep, and increased daytime napping or resting.
Performance of Human and Porcine Derived Acellular Dermal Matrices in Prepectoral Breast Reconstruction: A Long-term Clinicaland Histologic Evaluation
Authors: Gabriel Allen , Maxwell G Patrick , O’Rorke Erin , Harper John R
Published: September 2024

Background

Human acellular dermal matrices (ADMs) remain the most used matrices in prosthetic breast reconstruction. However, the availability and cost of ADMs limit their use in prepectoral reconstruction—which requires large amounts of ADM—and alternative matrices are therefore being explored.

Objectives

The aim of this study was to demonstrate the safety and efficacy of human-porcine ADM constructs via clinical outcomes and histologic evidence of graft integration.

Methods

Consecutive patients undergoing tissue-expander/implant reconstructions with human-porcine ADM constructs were included. Biopsies of both ADMs were obtained at expander/implant exchange and evaluated for cellularization, vascularization, and inflammation. Postoperative complications were retrieved from patient records.

Results

Fifty-nine patients met the inclusion criteria. Mean [standard deviation] follow-up was 6.7 [0.56] years; minimum follow-up was 5 years. Any complication rate was 8.6%, including skin necrosis (6.9%), seroma (1.7%), expander/implant exposure (1.7%), and return to the operating room (2.6%). A total of 138 ADM biopsy specimens were obtained from 38 patients at expander/implant exchange. Histologic analyses revealed lower fibroblast infiltration and vascularization and higher inflammatory response in porcine vs human ADM specimens, consistent with published results in nonhuman primates. Despite these differences, there were no cases of graft rejection, capsular contracture, or expander/implant loss.

Conclusions

Porcine ADM performs clinically in a similar manner to human ADM, albeit with minor differences in cellular ingrowth and vascularization, suggesting that it may be an alternative to human ADM in prepectoral breast reconstruction.

Level of Evidence: 3
Revisiting ant-plant-pollinator interactions: plant fitness depends on mutualist identity
Authors: Calixto Eduardo S , Santos Danilo B , Lange Denise , Torezan-Silingardi Helena M , Del-Claro Kleber
Published: September 2024

Two species may share a mutualistic interaction if the benefits gained by the interaction outweigh the costs incurred. In this study, we tested experimentally how the identity of ants (pinned) and floral visitors of an extrafloral nectary (EFN)-bearing plant can affect plant fitness. We quantified ant activity and floral visitor visitation overlap over time, floral visitor behaviour, amount of floral resources collected, and plant fitness as influenced by the ant species identity in an EFN-bearing plant from Brazilian Cerrado savanna, Qualea multiflora (Vochysiaceae). We found that: (i) ant activity and floral visitation overlap greatly in time; (ii) floral visitors vary in their response to the presence of ants; (iii) different ant species have different impacts on floral visitors; (iv) ants affected the amount of floral resources collected by pollinators, but their levels were contingent on ant identity; and (v) plant fitness components (fruit production, seed weight, and seed size) were most strongly affected by the largest and most aggressive ant species. Our results suggest that the balance of the trade-off between the beneficial effects of ant protection against herbivorous insects and the negative consequences for plant fitness by deterring pollinators depends on the species identity of both the ants and the floral visitors to the plant.
The paradoxical brain: paradoxes impact conflict perspectives through increased neural alignment
Authors: Levy Jonathan , Kluge Annika , Hameiri Boaz , Lankinen Kaisu , Bar-Tal Daniel , Halperin Eran
Published: September 2024

Mental perspectives can sometimes be changed by psychological interventions. For instance, when applied in the context of intergroup conflicts, interventions, such as the paradoxical thinking intervention, may unfreeze ingrained negative outgroup attitudes and thereby promote progress toward peacemaking. Yet, at present, the evaluation of interventions’ impact relies almost exclusively on self-reported and behavioral measures that are informative, but are also prone to social desirability and self-presentational biases. In the present study, magnetoencephalography tracked neural alignment, before and after the paradoxical thinking intervention, during the processing of auditory narratives over the Israeli–Palestinian conflict and thereby evaluated the intervention’s potential to change individuals’ (n = 80) mental perspectives over the conflict. Compared to baseline, the conflict-targeted intervention yielded a specific significant increased neural alignment in the posterior superior temporal sulcus while processing incongruent as well as congruent political narratives of the conflict. This may be interpreted as a possible change in perspective over the conflict. The results and their interpretations are discussed in view of the critical added value of neuroimaging when assessing interventions to potentially reveal changes in mental perspectives or the way in which they are processed, even in contexts of entrenched resistance to reconsider one’s ideological stance.
Flexibility the key with X400
Authors: Ottery Tony
Published: September 2024

In five years from now, any large organisation without electronic mail interconnections will be at the same competitive disadvantage as any company today without the benefit of a telephone system. Even in terms of the computer and communications businesses, that is rapid progress indeed for a technology based on an international standard which was only formalised two years ago.
Not only computing – also art
Authors: Lansdown John
Published: September 2024

One of the pleasures oí being in a profession as young as computing is that it is possible to have met many of its founding figures: Konrad Zuse, for example, the German engineer who could fairly lay el aim to being the first to have made a computer; Edmund C. Berkeley, the US writer who recently visited the BCS; Stanley Gill, a pioneer who also did much to help start the Computer Arts Society; as well as numerous BCS members whom 1 see from time to time. Computing and mathematics became central to my interests too late for me to have met Alan Turing – but I do know some who were well-acquainted with him from their work at Bletchley during the war or, in the following ten years, at NPL or Manchester. I first became aware of him in the mid-fifties after reading his article on solvable and unsolvable problems in the Penguin Science News. This was published in February 1954 and, as he died in June 1954, it must have been one of his last works. But it was not until the publication of his mother Sara’s biography of him in 1959 that I realised what an important and interesting figure he was.
Some ideas on justifying OA systems
Authors: Chaplin Ed
Published: September 2024

The objective of this article is to offer some help to those attempting to justify (computer or IT based) office automation or office system projects; either on strict cost grounds or on cost acceptability terms. I do not repeat ‘computer or IT based’ in this article, but please infer this as applicable throughout. Also I am aiming mainly at projects that have not yet begun – so take the opportunity to do some measurements and calculations of the status quo beforehand. For those to whom this is ‘too late’, there may be a ‘next time’ and I do offer a glimmer of help to you towards the end of the article, Quite a few articles on benefit or cost justification have appeared in print, and quite a few OA systems have been introduced. I have drawn on many sources and what experience I have, to give an outline approach to the many who have not left the starting post.
Air Canada sends paper packing – by Car
Authors: Ker Niel R
Published: September 2024

One man’s import is another man’s export. And nowadays there is an ever increasing chance that the goods which pass between them will travel by air Every item of air cargo, whether it is a single package or a major consignment, requires an air waybill and this document is vital at every stage in the journey; to the shipper, the forwarding agent, the carrier, the customs officials, the consignee. And to the carrier in particular, it is the key document which ensures he gets paid for carrying the goods as well as providing the proof of delivery in the event of a query.
Voice mail saves the day
Authors: Jones Maurice
Published: September 2024

Over the last few years, voice mail has become a vital communications tool for many businesses. Whether you are on the phone, away from your desk or in a car, voice mail will ensure that messages get to you securely, accurately and in a form that you can easily access. Encouraged by their early experiences of voice mail, many companies are now starting to look at how PC-based voice processing technology can assist in other areas of their business. Total Oil Marine and BP Chemicals are two such companies.
Colourimetric changes experienced in three types of aligners according to the L’Eclairage Commission
Authors: Domingo-Jiménez Teresa , González-Olmo María José , Nieto-Moraleda Carolina , Pérez-Chicharro María , Romero-Maroto Martin
Published: September 2024

Objective

The objective was to compare the colourimetric increment (L*, a*, and b*) of three types of aligners after subjecting them to two stains and to evaluate the initial colourimetric characteristics.

Methods

A total of 120 aligners (40 Invisalign®, 40 Spark®, and 40 QuickSmile®) were immersed in two different agents (distilled water and coffee). Measurements were taken using a spectrophotometer before immersion (T0), after 12 hours (T1), and after 7 days (T2). Colour changes (ΔE*) were evaluated based on the International Commission of L’Eclairage, and subsequently converted to National Bureau of Standards units. The measurement was repeated three times. The intraclass correlation coefficient, one-way ANOVA, Tukey’s post hoc test, and the independent t test were used (P ≤ .05).

Results

At T0, significant differences were observed for a*: Invisalign® and Spark® tended towards redder tones, whereas Quicksmile® leaned towards greener shades. Regarding b*, all aligners tended towards yellow, with Invisalign® exhibiting the least tendency. No differences were found in water between T1 and T0. In the intervals, T2-T1 and T2-T0, Spark® showed more noticeable changes, whereas for Invisalign® and Quicksmile®, the change was only slight. In coffee, a shift to another colour was detected in T1-T0, T2-T1, and T2-T0 for Invisalign®, whereas for other brands, it was barely noticeable except for T2-T0 in Spark®, where the change was appreciable. In coffee, Invisalign® tended towards darker values (L*), turning redder (a*), and more yellow (b*) in T2-T1 and T2-T0.

Conclusions

Invisalign® aligners initially presented a more reddish and less yellowish colour. In water, after 7 days, a noticeable colour change was found for Spark®. In coffee, a greater loss in brightness and a change to red and yellow were observed after 12 hours and 7 days for Invisalign®. This study highlights the importance of considering the impact of coffee on the colouring of aligners, especially with Invisalign®, which shows more noticeable changes.
Impact of age at intervention on three-dimensional RV functions post percutaneous pulmonary valvuloplasty
Authors: Elsayegh Ayah Tarek , Elfiky Azza Abdallah , Abdelkader Ehab Fahmy , Kamel Heba
Published: September 2024

Background

Pulmonary valve stenosis (PVS) is a common congenital heart disease that represents approximately 8%–10% of cardiac birth defects. Percutaneous pulmonary valvuloplasty is considered the procedure of choice whenever feasible. The impact of RV functions on outcomes in a broad range of conditions is well established, hence the importance of post-procedural long-term follow-up of RV volumes and functions.

Aim and objectives

To assess long-term RV functions and volumes by 3D echocardiography post-successful percutaneous pulmonary valvuloplasty and study the impact of age at intervention on 2D and 3D RV parameters.

Methods

We conducted a cross-sectional observational study on a cohort of 100 patients who had isolated congenital valvular pulmonary stenosis and had undergone successful balloon pulmonary valvuloplasty. The study included patients who had completed more than a year post-procedure and were present for routine follow-up echocardiography. Basic echocardiography was performed along with RV volumes and functions analysis using multi-beat full-volume 3D echocardiography.

Result

The study population consisted of 45 females (45.0%) and 55 males (55.0%) with ages ranging from 1.5–18 years and with a median (IQR) of [8.5 (4-10)]. 90 patients had normal RV functions by 2D RV S’, TAPSE, and FAC. By 3D analysis, RV EF was normal in 91 patients, indexed RV EDV was normal in 90 patients and high normal in 10 patients, indexed RV ESV was normal in 87 patients and high normal in 13 patients. When patients’ age at intervention was correlated to RV functions, age showed a significant negative correlation to 2D-derived as well as 3D-derived FAC and TAPSE with P values of 0.000, 0.011, 0.000, and 0.005 respectively. Moreover, age at intervention showed a positive statistically significant correlation to 3D-derived indexed RV EDV and indexed RV ESV with a P value of 0.000 and 0.000, and a significant negative correlation to 3D-derived RV EF with a P value of 0.000.

Conclusion

Percutaneous pulmonary valvuloplasty is an effective procedure in the long term, however, our preliminary data suggest that older age at intervention could have a negative impact on RV functions and volumes when assessed by 2D and 3D echocardiography. Further sub-analysis could be applied to confirm these findings and rule out any potential confounding factors.
Main predictor of post CABG mortality and morbidity at National Heart Institute
Authors: Al-Mutwakel Mohammed Ali Mohammed , Mohammed Zaid Ali
Published: September 2024

Background

CABG significantly increases life expectancy.

Complete myocardial revascularization should be the main goal of the surgical intervention. CABG is a widely used therapeutic modality in the treatment of atherosclerotic coronary artery disease.

Aim and objectives

To describe the clinical characteristics of patients undergoing first time, isolated CABG and relation to its early outcome, in National Heart Institute which is a tertiary center in Egypt.

Methods

A prospective observational study, single center was conducted in National Heart Institute between November 2018 and January 2021.

Result

The current prospective observational study included 511 consecutive patients. Regarding the final outcome of the study, mortality was recorded in 26 cases (5.1%) of the cases and MACCE was detected in 65 cases (12.7%) of the total cases. Mortality was significantly higher among diabetics (p value 0.004), uncontrolled DM with higher HbA1C (p<0.001), dyslipidemias (p=0.010), higher NYHA class (p= 0.027), previous stent/PTCA (p<0.001), higher BMI (p<0.001), preoperative creatinine (p=0.028), Also that mortality was significantly higher among cases who underwent endarterectomy, those who needed high support or IABP, post CABG MI and low COP, postoperative stroke and positive MACCE cases. The P value was highly significant (<0.001) for each of these factors. Also, mortality was significantly associated with higher cumulative XC time (p value = 0.041). Using logistic regression analysis, we found that endarterectomy, post CABG MI, postoperative neurological complications and aortic cross clamp time were independent risk factors for mortality among the included cases. MACCE was significantly higher among dyslipidemics, previous PTCA/stent, cases with endarterectomy, patients needing higher postoperative support or IABP, cases with post CABG MI, low COP or re-exploration, cases needing higher units of blood transfusion, postoperative neurological complications and postoperative pulmonary complications, reclosure of the sternum and higher ICU stay. The p value was highly significant (<0.001) for each of these factors. Also, MACCE was significantly higher among patients with older age (p=0.001), higher BMI (p=0.003), lower creatinine clearance (p=0.033), higher HbA1C (p=0.001), recent MI cases (p=0.025), and total hospital stay (p=0.013). Using logistic regression analysis, we found that older age, dyslipidemia, previous PTCA/stent, endarterectomy, low COP, higher number of blood units needed, longer ICU duration and postoperative pulmonary complications were independent risk factors for MACCE among the studied cases.

Conclusion

Isolated coronary artery bypass surgery is generally performed successfully in the national heart institute with standard technique using warm or cold cardioplegia with acceptable morbidity and mortality rates compared to other international heart centers.
Loneliness in the Republic of Srpska: advocating for social prescribing
Authors: Stančić Sonja , Dimitrijević Strahinja , Vidović Dragana , Radić Arijana
Published: September 2024

This study explores the potential implementation of social prescribing in the Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina, where the approach is non-existent, and supporting structures are underdeveloped despite a recognized need for intervention. As social prescribing gains global recognition for improving health, the study investigates its feasibility in an uncharted area. The research assesses the necessity for social prescribing by examining loneliness rates and healthcare utilization in the Republic of Srpska, a region seldom studied in public health literature. Data from 1231 individuals aged 16–86 were collected in May 2021, marking the first initiative to gather information on loneliness and healthcare usage in the country. Loneliness rates in the Republic of Srpska were comparable to the UK. Using a negative binomial model, the study establishes significant links between loneliness, chronic health conditions, age, and healthcare service utilization. Loneliness, chronic health conditions, and age predict the use of general practitioner services. In the 44–54 and 65+ age groups, loneliness predicts accident and emergency service use. Specialist healthcare services are positively predicted by loneliness, having one chronic health condition, and being above 44 years of age. Notably, a COVID-19 diagnosis negatively predicts the use of all healthcare services. Gender and place of residence do not significantly impact healthcare service utilization. The study concludes that observed loneliness rates and correlated healthcare usage patterns in the Republic of Srpska indicate a need for social prescribing. The paper discusses the feasibility of implementing social prescribing in this particular case.
Identifying the sex chromosome and sex determination genes in the cattle tick, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus
Authors: Tidwell Jason P , Bendele Kylie G , Bodine Deanna M , Holmes V Renee , Johnston J Spencer , Saelao Perot , Lohmeyer Kimberly H , Teel Pete D , Tarone Aaron M
Published: September 2024

Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus is globally one of the most economically important ectoparasites of cattle costing the agriculture industry billions of dollars annually. Resistance to chemical control measures has prompted the development of novel methods of control. Recent advancements in genetic control measures for human and other animal vectors have utilized sex determination research to manipulate sex ratios, which have shown promising results in mosquitoes, namely Aedes aegypti and Anopheles stephensi. Here, we use R. (B.) microplus as a model to provide foundational research to allow similar avenues of investigation in ticks using R. (B.) microplus as a model. Karyotypes for R. (B.) microplus show an XX:XO sex determining system with the largest chromosome being the sex chromosome. Using flow cytometric methods, the size of the sex chromosome was estimated at 526.91 Mb. All measures to identify the sex chromosome within the cattle tick genome assembly associated sex chromosomal characteristics to 2 chromosomes. This discrepancy between the assembly and karyotypes of the tick led to generating a new genome assembly with a single adult male specimen. The 2 chromosomes in question aligned with a single scaffold within the new genome that had a length of 513.29 Mb and was the first time the sex chromosome was identified in an Ixodid genome assembly.
On the linear convergence of additive Schwarz methods for the p-Laplacian
Authors: Lee Young-Ju , Park Jongho
Published: September 2024

We consider additive Schwarz methods for boundary value problems involving the $p$-Laplacian. While existing theoretical estimates suggest a sublinear convergence rate for these methods, empirical evidence from numerical experiments demonstrates a linear convergence rate. In this paper we narrow the gap between these theoretical and empirical results by presenting a novel convergence analysis. First, we present a new convergence theory for additive Schwarz methods written in terms of a quasi-norm. This quasi-norm exhibits behaviour akin to the Bregman distance of the convex energy functional associated with the problem. Secondly, we provide a quasi-norm version of the Poincaré–Friedrichs inequality, which plays a crucial role in deriving a quasi-norm stable decomposition for a two-level domain decomposition setting. By utilizing these key elements we establish the asymptotic linear convergence of additive Schwarz methods for the $p$-Laplacian.
Early-Life Gut Microbiota: A Possible Link Between Maternal Exposure to Non-Nutritive Sweeteners and Metabolic Syndrome in Offspring
Authors: Yin Xiaoxiao , Shi Yujie , Sheng Tongtong , Ji Chenbo
Published: September 2024

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is recognized as a group of metabolic abnormalities, characterized by clustered interconnected traits that elevate the risks of obesity, cardiovascular and atherosclerotic diseases, hyperlipidemia, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Non-nutritive sweeteners (NNS) are commonly consumed by those with imbalanced calorie intake, especially in the perinatal period. In the past, accumulating evidence showed the transgenerational and mediated roles of human microbiota in the development of early-life MetS. Maternal exposure to NNS has been recognized as a risk factor for filial metabolic disturbance through various mechanisms, among which gut microbiota and derived metabolites function as nodes linking NNS and MetS in early life. Despite the widespread consumption of NNS, there remain growing concerns about their transgenerational impact on metabolic health. There is growing evidence of NNS being implicated in the development of metabolic abnormalities. Intricate complexities exist and a comprehensive understanding of how the gut microbiota interacts with mechanisms related to maternal NNS intake and disrupts metabolic homeostasis of offspring is critical to realize its full potential in preventing early-life MetS. This review aims to elucidate the effects of early-life gut microbiota and links to maternal NNS exposure and imbalanced offspring metabolic homeostasis and discusses potential perspectives and challenges, which may provide enlightenment and understanding into optimal perinatal nutritional management.
Transcription factor SlSTOP1 regulates Small Auxin-Up RNA Genes for tomato root elongation under aluminum stress
Authors: Dong Danhui , Deng Qilin , Zhang Jialong , Jia Congyang , Gao Ming , Wang Yiran , Zhang Lei , Zhang Na , Guo Yang-Dong
Published: September 2024

Aluminum (Al) stress, a prevalent constraint in acidic soils, inhibits plant growth by inhibiting root elongation through restricted cell expansion. The molecular mechanisms of Al-induced root inhibition, however, are not fully understood. This study aimed to elucidate the role of Small Auxin-up RNAs (SlSAURs), which function downstream of the key Al stress-responsive transcription factor SENSITIVE TO PROTON RHIZOTOXICITY 1 (SlSTOP1) and its enhancer STOP1-INTERACTING ZINC-FINGER PROTEIN 1 (SlSZP1), in modulating root elongation under Al stress in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). Our findings demonstrated that tomato lines with knocked-out SlSAURs exhibited shorter root lengths when subjected to Al stress. Further investigation into the underlying mechanisms revealed that SlSAURs interact with Type 2C Protein Phosphatases (SlPP2Cs), specifically D-clade Type 2C Protein Phosphatases (SlPP2C.Ds). This interaction was pivotal as it suppresses the phosphatase activity, leading to the degradation of SlPP2C.D's inhibitory effect on plasma membrane H+-ATPase. Consequently, this promoted cell expansion and root elongation under Al stress. These findings increase our understanding of the molecular mechanisms by which Al ions modulate root elongation. The discovery of the SlSAUR-SlPP2C.D interaction and its impact on H+-ATPase activity also provides a perspective on the adaptive strategies employed by plants to cope with Al toxicity, which may lead to the development of tomato cultivars with enhanced Al stress tolerance, thereby improving crop productivity in acidic soils.
The ‘Predelinquent’ and the Community: Psychiatric Surveillance and Predictive Policing in Interwar Berkeley
Authors: Shepherd John
Published: September 2024

Through the 1920s and 1930s, the Berkeley Police Department, renowned as a centre of scientific training and investigation, developed new programmes of predictive policing targeting ‘predelinquent’ youth. Led by Chief August Vollmer, schools, charities, social services and families throughout Berkeley were coordinated in the ongoing detection of early signs of developing psychoses and personality disorders believed to lead to future criminality. Implying a malleable trajectory of habit formation which might be perverted or corrected, predelinquency warranted psychiatric surveillance across the community to assist Berkeley’s police in identifying, mapping and correcting at-risk children. This paper examines how, through the psychiatric category of predelinquency, law enforcement enrolled the community in networks of pre-emptive surveillance with new responsibilities for reporting and correction. In turn, I examine how predelinquency shifted to accommodate various local priorities and anxieties, whereby predictive policing’s conceptions of potential threat or improvability reproduced the boundaries of the normative American community.
Application of Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification in Plant Pathogen Detection
Authors: Yang Liuliu , Sun Yu , Sun Lin , Wang Zehao , Feng Jie , Liang Yue
Published: September 2024

Plant diseases impact the production of all kinds of crops, resulting in significant economic losses worldwide. Timely and accurate detection of plant pathogens is crucial for surveillance and management of plant diseases. In recent years, loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) has become a popular method for pathogen detection and disease diagnosis due to the advantages of its simple instrument requirement and constant reaction temperature. In this review, we provide an overview of current research on LAMP, including the reaction system, design of primers, selection of target regions, visualization of amplicons, and application of LAMP on the detection of all major groups of plant pathogens. We also discuss plant pathogens for which LAMP is yet to be developed, potential improvements of plant disease diagnosis, and disadvantages that need to be considered.
Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion Initiatives from Providers of Continuing Pharmacy Education
Authors: Murry Logan T. , Gettig Jacob P. , Catledge Kimberly , Janis Steve , Travlos Dimitra V.
Published: September 2024

Although continuing education (CE) plays an important role in educating health care providers on diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI), little is known about the DEI initiatives promoted and implemented by providers of CE. Surveys were electronically administered to accredited pharmacy continuing education providers (CEPs) from 2021 to 2023. Survey items were assessed providers' current efforts and best practices for incorporating DEI into organizational culture and educational programming. Frequencies and percentages were calculated for categorical responses, and a general interpretivist approach was used to code open-ended response items and describe themes. Overall, 50 and 33 responses were received in 2021/2022 and 2023, respectively. The most common step taken by programs to advance DEI was to engage pharmacists and/or pharmacy technicians in DEI discussions. Qualitative analysis described categories and themes as follows: best practices (CE programming DEI strategies, organizational DEI strategies), DEI goals (mission statement and DEI strategic plan, developing CE, continuing pharmacy education committee and task force, and faculty development and guidance), and accrediting body support (sharing best practices and training and technical support). Although CEPs described current efforts and best practices related to DEI in CE, organizations involved in CE accreditation can continue to explore ways to support DEI initiatives.
Intensive Outpatient Programs for Pediatric Feeding Disorder: A Qualitative Study of Current Challenges and Future Directions
Authors: Baranwal Navya , Hodges Abby , Breiner Courtney E. , Malugen Emily , Estrem Hayley H. , Sharp William G. , Raol Nikhila
Published: September 2024

Background:

Although intensive multidisciplinary interventions (IMIs) provide benefits for patients with pediatric feeding disorders (PFD), access to these programs is limited and challenges faced by the programs remain unclear.

Objective:

To better understand the barriers faced by existing day programs that provide IMI, disparities in patient care, and areas for improvement to better inform policy and improve access to treatment for PFD.

Methods:

Semi-structured interviews were conducted with a leader of outpatient programs providing IMI in the United States. Data regarding leader's perspectives on disparities in patient care, barriers faced by the intensive multidisciplinary feeding day programs, and future goals and directions for their programming were collected. Afterward, a qualitative content analysis was conducted to consolidate and categorize information related to patient care, access, and barriers faced by day programs and patients with PFD.

Results:

Barriers and challenges were identified at the patient, program, and systems levels. Patient-level barriers included familial resources or socioeconomic status, geographic distance from the program site, and difficulty with the time commitment, whereas program-level barriers included limited site personnel and capacity and long wait times. System-level barriers primarily center on insurance, with inconsistent coverage of services and limited payer knowledge about PFD and IMI.

Conclusion:

IMIs are effective in managing PFD; however, a variety of patient-level, program-level, and systems-level factors serve as barriers for patient access to care and program success. Further research, improved reimbursement, and consensus statements on effective treatments can help improve access to and coverage for care, allowing for the development and sustainability of more programs.
Embryo transfer on day 5 or day 6 blastocysts versus blastocysts quality in programs for frozen blastocysts
Authors: Petrogiannis Nikolaos , Chatzimeletiou Katerina , Petrogiannis Savvas , Traxanas Dimitrios , Akrivos Thomas , Papakonstantinou Katerina , Liakakos Theodoros , Phillipa Maria , Panagakis George , Patrikios George , Anastasakis Eletherios
Published: September 2024

The aim of the present study was to analyze the high-quality blastocyst (HB) rate in all embryo frozen cycles and investigate the pregnancy outcomes for day 5/day 6 (D5/D6) blastocysts with respect to the blastocyst quality in programmed single vitrified-warmed blastocyst transfer (SVBT). We performed a retrospective study comparing D5/D6 HBs in in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (IVF/ICSI) for all blastocyst frozen cycles. Patients were below 37 years at the oocyte collection in their first fresh cycle without fresh transfer. A total of 195 IVF/ICSI cycles and 670 blastocysts were analyzed. The IVF HB rate was higher than that of ICSI (52.7% vs. 42.6%; P<0.05). The D5 HB rate was much higher than the D6 HB rate (61.6% vs. 29.4%; P<0.05). There were 21% (40/195) of cycles that only had D6 blastocysts, of which IVF cycles were lower than ICSI (19.8% vs. 28.5%; P<0.05). The clinical pregnancy rate and implantation rate in the D5 group were significantly higher than the rates in the D6 group (57.4% vs. 46.2%, 58.9% vs. 47.3%; P<0.05). However, the clinical pregnancy rate and implantation rate of the D5 HBs were not significantly different from those of the D6 HBs (60% vs. 54.5%, 62% vs. 56.3%; P>0.05).
Abnormal T Cells Function Associated With Intraspinal Cold Abscess Caused by Macrolide-resistant Mycoplasma pneumoniae in a Patient With X-linked Agammaglobulinemia
Authors: Jin Ying-Ying , Wu Jing , Ding Fei , Huang Hua , Xu Xue-Mei , Chen Qi-Min , Yin Min-Zhi , Zhong Yu-Min , Jin Yan-Liang
Published: September 2024

Intraspinal cold abscesses caused by macrolide-resistant Mycoplasma pneumoniae in patients with X-linked agammaglobulinemia have not yet been described to our knowledge. Here we describe a patient with X-linked agammaglobulinemia who developed an intraspinal cold abscess caused by macrolide-resistant M. pneumoniae. Genetic analysis revealed a hemizygous c.1566 + 1G > C (IVS15 + 1G > C) mutation in BTK gene. The patient showed relatively naive T cells and a significant proliferative defect.
Unilateral Surgical Treatment of Severe Deviated Condylar Base Fracture in Pediatric Bilateral Condylar Fracture: 12-Year Follow-Up
Authors: Sasaki Ryo , Nagahama Ryo , Okamoto Toshihiro
Published: September 2024

Pediatric condylar fractures are commonly managed conservatively, as the condyle typically exhibits spontaneous remodeling. However, should conservative treatment be administered for severe deviated condylar processes? In a case involving a 7-year-5-month-old girl who fell from a height of 3 m, she sustained a mandibular parasymphysis fracture and bilateral condylar fractures, including a condylar base fracture with 60-degree medial deviation on the right side and a condylar head fracture, Neff type A, on the left side. To address the fractures, internal fixation was performed on the right condyle via a classical retromandibular approach, and a mini-plate was removed four months postsurgery. At a follow-up 12 years and 7 months later, the patient showed normal occlusion, TMJ function, and no visible scars. In addition, there was no facial deviation, although the surgical site condyle was larger than the nonsurgical site, suggesting that the surgical site facilitated normal growth while the nonsurgical site impeded it.
Minimal Invasive Approach to The Branchial Neck Cyst
Authors: Obradovic Bojan
Published: September 2024

Branchial cleft cysts are congenital epithelial cysts, which arise on the lateral part of the neck. They may not present clinically until later in life. Surgical excision is a definitive treatment for branchial cleft cysts. This article presents the clinical report where the big inflamed cysts were excised under local anesthesia. It also presents guidelines for minimally invasive surgery under local anesthesia, which can be used in adequately selected cases.
Multiple Primary Cavernous Hemangiomas of the Skull
Authors: Sun Yuchen , Wang Xiaoqing , Wang Huijuan
Published: September 2024

Multiple primary cavernous hemangiomas of the skull are exceedingly rare, with surgery often being the treatment of choice. The complexity of radiologic diagnosis means that the identification of these hemangiomas still largely depends on pathologic analysis. This article outlines the diagnostic and therapeutic journey of a 52-year-old female patient afflicted with multiple primary cavernous hemangiomas of the skull. Although the occurrence of multiple cavernous hemangiomas in this patient may seem fortuitous, the authors aim to contribute to understanding the pathogenesis of such conditions through this case report.