bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Engaging the missing actor: lessons learned from an age-management intervention targeting line managers and their HR partners
Authors: Jonsson Robin , Nilsson Kerstin , Björk Lisa , Lindegård Agneta
Published: May 2023

Purpose

This study aims to describe and evaluate the impact of a participatory age-management intervention on the knowledge, awareness and engagement of line managers and their HR partners from six health-care organizations in Sweden.

Design/methodology/approach

The learning workshops consisted of lectures, discussions, feedback and exchange of experiences with colleagues and invited experts. A total of 19 participants were interviewed six months after the final workshop, and qualitative thematic analysis was used to analyze the transcribed interviews.

Findings

The intervention design produced promising results in improving line managers’ and HR partners’ knowledge and increasing awareness and engagement. On some occasions, the participants also initiated changes in organizational policies and practices. However, the intervention primarily became a personal learning experience as participants lacked resources and mandates to initiate change in their daily work. To stimulate engagement and change at the organizational level, the authors believe that an intervention must receive support from higher managers, be anchored at the workplace and be aligned with the organization’s goals; moreover, participants must be provided with sufficient resources and mandates to coordinate the implementation of age-management strategies.

Practical implications

Prolonged working life policies and skill shortages are affecting organizations and societies, and for many employers, there are strong reasons for developing strategies to attract, recruit and retain older workers.

Originality/value

This study offers lessons and guidance for future workplace interventions to attract, recruit and retain older workers.
Including local actors' perspective in neighborhood sustainability assessment: evidence from Dubai's sustainable city
Authors: Dessouky Nermin , Wheeler Stephen , Salama Ashraf M.
Published: May 2023

Purpose

Existing Neighborhood Sustainability Assessment (NSA) tools such as “Leadership for Energy and Environmental Design - Neighborhood Development” (LEED-ND) and “Building Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Method” (BREEAM Communities) are widely criticized for a lack of transparency in the selection of indicators and an unbalanced focus on specific sustainability dimensions.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper asks how the expectations and use values of the professionals and residents involved in developing, designing, managing and living in a sustainable neighborhood can shape sustainability indicators that affect progress towards project goals. Taking as its focus The Sustainable City (TSC), a neighborhood in Dubai, United Arab Emirates (UAE), the paper develops data from in-depth, go-along interviews with 46 different actors.

Findings

Findings indicate that when given the opportunity to express their opinion, many actors will prioritize metrics different than the metrics dictated to the by sustainability experts and international rating systems. The findings suggest that NSA tools should place greater emphasis on local factors, public engagement and operational concerns.

Practical implications

The paper provides a method that any community can replicate to better understand the different use values of local actors and establish its own NSA tool. This can help experts learn how design, management and operational decisions interact to impact different dimensions of performance.

Originality/value

This paper recognizes sustainable neighborhoods as spaces with multiple identities. Hence, the indicators used to evaluate these neighborhoods need to be based on the expectations and use values of different actors. This paper proposes using the priorities of different local actors to reshape how these neighborhoods are assessed.
Private Equity and Local Public Finances
Authors: OLBERT MARCEL , SEVERIN PETER H.
Published: May 2023

We study the economic impact of private equity (PE) investments on local governments, which are important corporate stakeholders. Examining over 11,000 deals and private firm data in Europe, we document that target firms' effective tax rates and total tax expenses decrease by 15% and 13% after PE deals. At the same time, target firms expand their capital expenditures and firm boundaries, but do not increase employment. Using administrative data on the public finances of German municipalities and exploiting the geographical and time‐series variation in PE deals, we document that PE activity is negatively associated with local governments' tax revenues and spending. This result is likely driven by reduced tax payments of PE portfolio firms, accompanied by only modest positive spillovers of PE investments on regional economic growth. Collectively, our findings suggest that corporate tax efficiency serves as a cost‐cutting channel in the PE sector and constrains the finances of local governments.
Male larval experience of cues from adult rivals alters lifetime sperm investment patterns in a sperm heteromorphic moth, Ephestia kuehniella
Authors: Liu Junyan , He Xiong Zhao , Wang Qiao
Published: May 2023

Male animals may adjust their resource allocations for reproduction and other fitness functions in response to cues from rivals. For instance, adult males increase their investment in sperm for a higher paternity share when they perceive sperm competition risk in their surroundings. In nature, both juveniles and adults may coexist spatially and temporally. Yet, it is not clear how juvenile males of different ages respond to cues from adult rivals and fine‐tune their lifetime investment in sperm production and ejaculation in any insect. Here we used the Mediterranean flour moth, Ephestia kuehniella, which produces both fertile eupyrene and infertile apyrene sperm, to explore this question. We demonstrate that the late, but not early, instar larvae are sensitive to adult male cues. As a response, they produce more sperm before emergence and their resultant adults have shorter mating latency and ejaculate more sperm in the first few matings. When the juvenile stage produces more eupyrenes, the adult stops making these sperm, but regardless of the number of apyrenes produced during the juvenile stage, the adult continues to make them. These findings suggest that the number of spermatogonia for eupyrenes may be limited and that for apyrenes may be flexible. Our results show that the insect does not trade off survival, mating frequency, body size, or testis size for sperm production in response to adult males during the larval stage. Knowledge created in the present study offers insight into the stage‐dependent sensitivity of juvenile males to cues from adult rivals and subsequent lifetime resource allocations.
Gametophyte phase of commercial kelps, the potential food supplements for essential fatty acids and n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids
Authors: Geng Xicheng , Jia Xuli , Liu Lanqing , Ma Shanpeng , Liu Hongbing , Liu Tao
Published: May 2023

For heteromorphic algae with alternating generations, the thallus and gametophyte phases are different morphologies in free‐living life history. The thalli are popular used as traditional vegetables and herbal drugs, whereas the gametophyte phases are little involved. To better understand the functional lipids in the gametophyte phase of three commercial kelps, Saccharina japonica, Undaria pinnatifida, and Costaria costata, the contents of total lipids (TLs), fatty acid (FA) profiles, and transcriptomic analysis were performed. For the studied kelps, the TL contents in gametophyte phase were always almost twice more than those in the thallus, and the kelp species, their life stage, and the gender were critical factors affecting lipid accumulation. The gametophyte phases of U. pinnatifida and C. costata were rich in essential FA C18:2 n − 6 and C18:3 n − 3. The S. japonica gametophyte phase contained abundant C20:5 n − 3 and C18:4 n − 3, possessed an ideal ratio of n − 6/n − 3 polyunsaturated fatty acid below 1.0, and was supported by the transcriptome data which showed that the key sjD12/15 (n − 3) gene of gametophyte partially upregulated than sporophyte. The results suggested that S. japonica gametophyte phase was the worthiest of further development and utilization as a functional food.

Practical Application

It is the first report on the fatty acid characteristics of three gametophyte phases of Saccharina japonica, Undaria pinnatifida, and Costaria costata and find that the S. japonica was worthy of further development and utilization as a functional food owing to its satisfactory fatty acid composition.
Labour Market Outcomes of Graduates in Economics in Australia*
Authors: Li Ian , Williams Andrew , Clements Ken
Published: May 2023

The discipline of economics encompasses broad skillsets with diverse applications in employment markets and industries. Studies of labour market prospects for economics graduates are relatively dated particularly in the light of developments such as declining interest in economics in high school and university. This study examines the labour market outcomes of Australian economics graduates, at the bachelor and postgraduate levels, using a national dataset. We observe strong employment prospects for graduates in economics after graduation, in terms of full‐time employment and salaries. Obtaining a postgraduate qualification appears to pay off, with master's and PhD graduates experiencing more favourable employment outcomes than bachelor's graduates. Substantial proportions report being overqualified for their jobs although this proportion is comparable to those reported for the broader Australian graduate labour market. Reassuringly, those initially overqualified transition out and overqualification reduces in the longer term. Most economics graduates become economists, but many others enter a wide array of other occupations. Of those who start out in non‐economist professions, there is a 42 per cent chance that they transition to economist roles after 2.5 years. In summary, an economics degree leads to favourable employment and earnings and should still be considered an attractive choice for prospective students.
Some children with idiopathic toe walking display sensory processing difficulties but not all: A systematic review
Authors: Donne Jack H. , Powell Jennifer A. , Fahey Michael C. , Beare Richard , Kolic Jessica , Williams Cylie M.
Published: May 2023

Aim

Idiopathic toe walking (ITW) is a diagnosis for children who toe walk without another diagnosis known to cause toe walking. Recent research has suggested that children with ITW may have mild motor planning challenges and sensory processing differences. The primary aim of this systematic review was to determine whether children diagnosed with ITW have differences in their sensory processing compared to typically developing children. Secondary aims included determining how sensory processing was assessed in this population and documenting the broad clinometric and psychometric properties of any assessment tools.

Methods

MEDLINE, CINAHL, AMED and Embase were searched for relevant literature in English. Studies were eligible for inclusion if they described children aged 3 and 18 with idiopathic toe walking and reported a sensory processing domain.

Results

Twelve articles met the inclusion criteria; however, only two papers included data permitting meta‐analysis. Meta‐analyses of vibration perception threshold using a random effect model were not significant (p = 0.31). Other data were synthesised by narrative and showed a high heterogeneity across multiple sensory processing domains.

Conclusion

This study highlights that despite children with ITW often conceptualised as possessing sensory processing challenges, there is little evidence supporting this theory. Further research on sensory processing in children with this gait pattern is necessary.
Human resources for administrative work to carry out a comprehensive genomic profiling test in Japan
Authors: Kage Hidenori , Oda Katsutoshi , Muto Manabu , Tsuchihara Katsuya , Okita Natsuko , Okuma Yusuke , Kikuchi Junko , Shirota Hidekazu , Hayashi Hideyuki , Kokuryo Toshio , Sakai Daisuke , Hirasawa Akira , Kubo Makoto , Kenmotsu Hirotsugu , Akiyama Nana , Shinozaki‐Ushiku Aya , Tanabe Masahiko , Ushiku Tetsuo , Miyagawa Kiyoshi , Seto Yasuyuki
Published: May 2023

Comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP) tests have been nationally reimbursed in Japan since June 2019 under strict restrictions, and over 46,000 patients have taken the test. Core Hospitals and Designated Hospitals host molecular tumor boards, which is more time‐consuming than simply participating in them. We sent a questionnaire to government‐designated Cancer Genomic Medicine Hospitals, including all 12 Core Hospitals, all 33 Designated Hospitals, and 117 of 188 Cooperative Hospitals. The questionnaire asked how much time physicians and nonphysicians spent on administrative work for cancer genomic medicine. For every CGP test, 7.6 h of administrative work was needed. Physicians spent 2.7 h/patient, while nonphysicians spent 4.9 h/patient. Time spent preparing for molecular tumor boards, called Expert Panels, was the longest, followed by time spent participating in Expert Panels. Assuming an hourly wage of ¥24,000/h for physicians and ¥2800/h for nonphysicians, mean labor cost was ¥78,071/patient. On a monthly basis, more time was spent on administrative work at Core Hospitals compared with Designated Hospitals and Cooperative Hospitals (385 vs. 166 vs. 51 h/month, respectively,p < 0.001). Consequently, labor cost per month was higher at Core Hospitals than at Designated Hospitals and Cooperative Hospitals (¥3,951,854 vs. ¥1,687,167 vs. ¥487,279/month, respectively,p < 0.001). Completing a CGP test for a cancer patient in Japan is associated with significant labor at each hospital, especially at Core Hospitals. Streamlining the exchange of information and simplifying Expert Panels will likely alleviate this burden.
Child protective services involvement and exclusionary school discipline
Authors: Font Sarah A. , Kennedy Reeve , Littleton Tenesha
Published: May 2023

The study examined the impact of child protective services (CPS) contact on out‐of‐school suspensions for 49,918 Wisconsin students (followed from ages 5–6 to 14–15; [school years 2010–2019; 74% White; 7% Black; 11% Hispanic; 8% other; 49% female]). A quasi‐experimental design comparing recent CPS contact to upcoming (future) CPS contact shows that both recent CPS contact without foster care and future CPS contact predict higher odds of suspension compared with no contact. Higher odds of suspension emerged prior to CPS contact and did not substantially increase during or after CPS contact, suggesting that system‐induced stress is not a primary driver of behavioral problems leading to suspension. Foster care reduced the odds of suspension among White children and children in special education.
Healthy lifestyles are associated with better vitamin D status in community‐dwelling older men: The Health In Men Study (HIMS)
Authors: Liu Xiaoying , Brock Kaye E. , Brennan‐Speranza Tara C. , Flicker Leon , Golledge Jonathan , Hankey Graeme J. , Girgis Christian M. , Yeap Bu B.
Published: May 2023

Objective

Older people are more prone to vitamin D deficiency than younger populations. Individual lifestyle factors have been associated with vitamin D status. We examined the influence of a combination of lifestyle factors on vitamin D status in older men.

Participants and Measurements

In a population‐based cohort study of older men (age ≥65 years), a lifestyle score was calculated from eight prudent health‐related behaviours (smoking, exercise, alcohol, fish and meat consumption, adding salt, milk choices and obesity) collected via questionnaire at baseline. Blood samples were collected 5 years afterwards to measure plasma 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) levels. Associations between lifestyles and the likelihood of having plasma 25OHD levels of ≥75 versus <75 nmol/L and ≥50 versus <50 nmol/L were tested using logistic regression models.

Results

Of the 2717 men analysed, mean plasma 25OHD was 69.0 ± 23.5 nmol/L, with 20.7% having plasma 25OHD <50 nmol/L. Men engaging in ≥4 healthy lifestyle behaviours had 20% higher odds of plasma 25OHD ≥75 nmol/L (adjusted OR = 1.20, 95% CI: 1.01−1.45) compared to those with <4 healthy behaviours. No association was found for 25OHD ≥50 nmol/L. Higher physical activity was the only individual component significantly associated with vitamin D sufficiency (highest vs. lowest quintiles of physical activity, adjusted OR = 2.01, 95% CI: 1.47−2.74 for 25OHD ≥50 nmol/L, adjusted OR = 2.35, 95% CI: 1.81−3.06 for 25OHD ≥75 nmol/L).

Conclusion

Multiple healthy lifestyle behaviours are associated with better vitamin D status in older men. Further work is needed to determine the effects of promoting healthy lifestyle behaviours, including physical activity, on vitamin D sufficiency.
One‐step totally robotic Hartmann reversal and complex abdominal wall reconstruction with bilateral posterior component separation: a technical note
Authors: Douissard Jonathan , Dupuis Arnaud , Ris Frederic , Hagen Monika E. , Toso Christian , Buchs Nicolas C.
Published: May 2023

Aim

This paper describes a robotic approach to combined gastrointestinal continuity restoration and complex abdominal wall reconstruction after Hartmann's procedure complicated by large midline and parastomal hernias.

Methods

A robotic Hartmann reversal is performed, followed by robotic retromuscular abdominal wall reconstruction of all ventral defects with bilateral posterior component separation using the double‐docking approach. Surgical steps are thoroughly described, and the accompanying video highlights critical steps of the procedure, anatomical landmarks and technical details relevant to successful completion.

Results

Complete restoration of the anatomy was achieved with an operative time of 6.5 h. Mobilization occured on day 1, and bowels were opened on day 3. Surgical discharge was possible on day 5. No intra‐operative surgical complication occurred and follow‐up at 6 months showed no recurrence or mid‐term complication.

Conclusion

Combined minimally invasive reconstruction of the gastrointestinal tract and abdominal wall was feasible using a robotic system. In addition, potential advantages of postoperative rehabilitation and reduced surgical site complications are suggested. Prospective evaluation of the technique is ongoing.
Exposure‐response analysis for nivolumab plus ipilimumab combination therapy in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (CheckMate 040)
Authors: Sangro Bruno , Yau Thomas , El‐Khoueiry Anthony B. , Kudo Masatoshi , Shen Yun , Tschaika Marina , Roy Amit , Feng Yan , Gao Ling , Aras Urvi
Published: May 2023

This analysis was conducted to inform dose selection of a combination of nivolumab plus ipilimumab for the treatment of sorafenib‐experienced patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). CheckMate 040 is an open‐label, multicohort, phase I/II trial in adults with advanced HCC that evaluated nivolumab monotherapy (0.1–10 mg/kg once every 2 weeks [q2w]) and the following three combinations of nivolumab plus ipilimumab: (1) nivolumab 1 mg/kg plus ipilimumab 3 mg/kg every 3 weeks (q3w) for four doses, followed by nivolumab monotherapy 240 mg q2w (arm A); (2) nivolumab 3 mg/kg plus ipilimumab 1 mg/kg q3w for four doses, followed by nivolumab monotherapy 240 mg q2w (arm B); and (3) nivolumab 3 mg/kg q2w plus ipilimumab 1 mg/kg every 6 weeks continuously (arm C). Exposure‐response relationships (efficacy and safety) were characterized using nivolumab and ipilimumab concentrations after the first dose (Cavg1) as the exposure measure. Objective tumor response (OTR) and overall survival (OS) improvements were associated with increased ipilimumab exposure (OTR: odds ratio 1.45, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.13–1.86; OS: hazard ratio 0.86, 95% CI 0.75–0.98), but not nivolumab exposure (OTR: odds ratio 0.99, 95% CI 0.97–1.02; OS: hazard ratio 1.08, 95% CI 0.89–1.32). Hepatic treatment‐related and immune‐mediated adverse events were more common in arm A than in arms B or C. Nivolumab 1 mg/kg plus ipilimumab 3 mg/kg q3w for four doses, followed by nivolumab monotherapy 240 mg q2w had the most favorable benefit:risk profile in patients with advanced HCC.
Bile acid metabolites in early pregnancy and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus: Results from a prospective cohort study
Authors: Wu Yuwan , Wang Zheng , Zhao Zhi , Song Xiuxia , Miao Maohua , Zhang Xi
Published: May 2023

Aims

To evaluate the associations of plasma bile acid metabolites, especially in early pregnancy, with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) risk among pregnant women.

Materials and Methods

Plasma concentrations of 15 bile acid metabolites were measured in 645 women at early pregnancy from the Jiashan Birth Cohort using a liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry metabolomics platform. Using logistic and cubic spline models, we examined associations between baseline plasma bile acid metabolites and GDM risk during mid‐late pregnancy. A meta‐analysis of prospective studies of bile acid and GDM risk was performed.

Results

The linear and nonlinear univariate models identified eight metabolites associated with GDM, including cholic acid, taurocholic acid (TCA), glycocholic acid, glycochenodeoxycholic acid, deoxycholic acid, lithocholic acid (LCA), ursodeoxycholic acid and taurolithocholic acid (all P <0.05). Multivariable analysis indicated that TCA and LCA levels were positively (odds ratio [OR] 2.07, 95% confidential interval [CI] 1.05, 3.96; P = 0.030) and negatively (OR 0.83, 95% CI 0.68, 1.01; P = 0.065) associated with GDM, respectively, after adjusting for confounders. The TCA‐GDM association showed a positive linear shaped relationship (OR 2.07, 95% CI 1.05, 3.96; P = 0.030); while LCA was negatively related with GDM risk in linearity (OR 0.83, 95% CI 0.68, 1.01; P = 0.065). The meta‐analysis of five studies showed a consistent bile acid and GDM association, with a risk ratio (RR) of 2.43 (1.95, 3.03).

Conclusions

This study indicated that, the levels of circulating bile acids in early pregnancy were associated with risk of GDM, independent of GDM risk factors. Most GDM‐associated bile acids were primary conjugated and secondary unconjugated bile acids.
CDMetaPOP 2: a multispecies, eco‐evolutionary simulation framework for landscape demogenetics and connectivity
Authors: Day Casey C. , Landguth Erin L. , Simmons Ryan K. , Bearlin Andrew R.
Published: May 2023

Multispecies approaches to questions in ecology and evolution are at the forefront of many fields spanning both theoretical and applied research. In conservation and landscape genetics, simulation models offer a powerful means to evaluate complex questions, yet most models lack the ability to consider landscape effects on multiple species or to simulate the complex interactions that occur among species and drive eco‐evolutionary processes. Tools are needed that provide a mechanistic framework to explore multiple and simultaneous interspecific interactions and their effects on demogenetic processes for each species. We present a generalized, multispecies version of Cost‐Distance Meta‐Population (CDMetaPOP) that simulates changes in neutral and selection‐driven genotypes across space and time as a function of individual‐based movement, spatial population dynamics, and multiple and dynamic landscape drivers. The number of species in a given simulation is limited only by the number of computer processors available. In addition to simulating multiple species, we use Lotka–Volterra theory to implement interspecific interactions via competition. We validate the competition model and present a real‐world example to demonstrate the potential role of species interactions in landscape connectivity and gene flow. While the example uses fish as the model species, CDMetaPOP ver. 2 is flexible enough to simulate species that span the breadth of the tree of life. The simulation framework presented here provides a novel approach to addressing questions concerning the spatial ecology, evolution, and conservation of diverse taxa, from individual species to whole communities.
BACH1 encourages ferroptosis by activating KDM4C‐mediated COX2 demethylation after cerebral ischemia–reperfusion injury
Authors: Zhang Tianqi , Yang Meimei , Ma Chi , Wei Xinya , Zhang Zhuobo
Published: May 2023

It has been confirmed that BTB domain and CNC homologue 1 (BACH1) are involved in ferroptosis‐related diseases. However, the function of BACH1 in cerebral ischemia–reperfusion injury (CIRI)‐induced ferroptosis remains to be largely unrevealed. First, analysis of differentially expressed genes in CIRI based on the GEO dataset GSE119121 revealed that BACH1 was upregulated in CIRI. BACH1 level was prominently increased in middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO)/reperfusion model and oxygen–glucose deprivation/reoxygenation cell model. Further, knock‐down of BACH1 markedly reduced iron ion concentration, ROS production, 4‐HNE and lipid peroxidation levels and facilitated GSH content, cell viability and protein levels of GPX4 and SLC7A11, while an pcDNA‐KDM4C or pcDNA‐COX2 combined with BACH1 siRNA could not enhance this effect. Mechanistically, BACH1 bound on the KDM4C promoter to transcriptionally activate its expression. Besides, KDM4C could occupy the promoter locus of the COX2 gene, promoting the COX2 expression by eliminating H3K9me3. Overexpression of KDM4C or COX2 overturned the effects of BACH1 inhibition. In vivo findings displayed that brain infraction, pathological damage and neuronal loss rate in MCAO mice were conspicuously decreased after BACH1 knock‐down. This study reveals that BACH1 encourages ferroptosis in neuroblastoma cells and CIRI mouse brain tissues by activating KDM4C‐mediated COX2 demethylation.
Limitations of farm management data in analyses of decadal changes in SOC stocks in the Danish soil‐monitoring network
Authors: Harbo Laura Sofie , Olesen Jørgen E. , Lemming Camilla , Christensen Bent T. , Elsgaard Lars
Published: May 2023

Changes in soil organic carbon (SOC) storage in agricultural land are an important part of the Land Use, Land‐Use Change and Forestry component of national greenhouse gas emission inventories. Furthermore, as climate mitigation strategies and incentives for carbon farming are being developed, accurate estimates of SOC stocks are essential to verify any management‐induced changes in SOC. Based on agricultural mineral soils in the Danish soil‐monitoring network, we analysed management effects on SOC stocks using data from the two most recent surveys (2009 and 2019). Between 2009 and 2019, the average increase in SOC stock was 1.2 Mg C ha−1 for 0–50 cm despite a loss of 1.2 Mg C ha−1 from the topsoil (0–25 cm), stressing the importance of including deeper soil layers in soil‐monitoring networks. Comparing all four national surveys (1986, 1997, 2009, 2019), the mean SOC stock of mineral soils in Denmark appears stable. The change in SOC stock between 2009 and 2019 was analysed in detail in relation to management practices as reported by farmers. We found that the effects of single management factors were difficult to isolate from co‐varying factors including soil parameters and that the use of farm management data to explain changes in SOC stocks observed in soil‐monitoring networks appears limited. Uncertainty in SOC stock estimates also arises from low sampling frequency and statistical challenges related to regression to the mean. However, repeated stock measurements at decadal intervals still represent a benchmark for the overall development in regional and national SOC storage, as affected by actual farm management.
Lower initial red blood cell count in cerebrospinal fluid predicts good functional outcome in patients with spontaneous subarachnoid haemorrhage
Authors: Lindner Anna , Berek Klaus , Rass Verena , Di Pauli Franziska , Kofler Mario , Zinganell Anne , Putnina Lauma , Kindl Philipp , Schiefecker Alois J. , Pfausler Bettina , Beer Ronny , Deisenhammer Florian , Hegen Harald , Helbok Raimund
Published: May 2023

Background and purpose

Red blood cell (RBC) degradation after subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) negatively affects functional outcome. Although the detection of RBCs in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a widely available part of neurological routine diagnostics, the prognostic value as a biomarker remains unclear. This study was undertaken to investigate whether CSF RBC count correlates with established radiological markers of SAH volume and whether the CSF RBC count can predict functional outcome in SAH patients.

Methods

A total of 121 consecutive spontaneous SAH patients were retrospectively analyzed. CSF was collected from external ventricular drain as part of routine diagnostic procedures. We used multivariable binary logistic regression to investigate associations between CSF RBC counts and functional outcome 3 months after SAH or hospital survival. Good functional outcome was defined as modified Rankin Scale ≤ 2.

Results

Patients' age was 60 ± 14 years, and the median admission Hunt & Hess grade (H&H) was 4. CSF samples were collected 2 days after intensive care unit admission. High CSF RBC counts positively correlated with radiological measurements for SAH volume, for example, modified Fisher score (p = 0.002) and Hijdra ventricle score (p = 0.016). Multivariable regression analysis adjusted for age, H&H grade, modified Fisher and Hijdra scores showed that low CSF RBC counts predicted hospital survival (per 100,000 CSF RBCs: adjusted odds ratio [adjOR] = 0.74, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.61–0.89, p = 0.001) and good functional outcome after 3 months (per 100,000 CSF RBC: adjOR = 0.76, 95% CI = 0.60–0.96, p = 0.020).

Conclusions

CSF RBC counts correlate with radiographic scores quantifying SAH volume and may serve as an early independent biomarker for hospital survival and good functional 3‐month outcome in patients requiring ventriculostomy after SAH.
Notch signalling: multifaceted role in development and disease
Authors: Sachan Nalani , Sharma Vartika , Mutsuddi Mousumi , Mukherjee Ashim
Published: May 2023

Notch pathway is an evolutionarily conserved signalling system that operates to influence an astonishing array of cell fate decisions in different developmental contexts. Notch signalling plays important roles in many developmental processes, making it difficult to name a tissue or a developing organ that does not depend on Notch function at one stage or another. Thus, dysregulation of Notch signalling is associated with many developmental defects and various pathological conditions, including cancer. Although many recent advances have been made to reveal different aspects of the Notch signalling mechanism and its intricate regulation, there are still many unanswered questions related to how the Notch signalling pathway functions in so many developmental events. The same pathway can be deployed in numerous cellular contexts to play varied and critical roles in an organism's development and this is only possible because of the complex regulatory mechanisms of the pathway. In this review, we provide an overview of the mechanism and regulation of the Notch signalling pathway along with its multifaceted functions in different aspects of development and disease.
Where the power lies: Developing a political ecology framework for just energy transition
Authors: Boateng Dickson , Bloomer Julian , Morrissey John
Published: May 2023

This critical review lays down the fundamentals for rethinking just energy transition. It reviews the theoretical perspectives of energy justice, socio‐technical transitions (STTs), and political ecology and presents a plausible and useful way to approach a just low‐carbon transition using Political Ecology as a broad framework. This Political Ecology framework for Sustainable Energy Transition (PESET) addresses power issues associated with low‐carbon transition, while also identifying the role of inclusivity and justice in low‐carbon transition. As energy transition studies have primarily focused on the Global North and the extraction and production of large technologies, this framework provides a more radical means to achieve just transition objectives with particular relevance for application in the Global South—a region largely overlooked in transitions scholarship and where mundane/simple technologies (e.g. Solar Home Systems and clean cookstoves) typify transitions processes to date. The PESET framework presents a novel contribution, linking the concepts of energy justice, STTs, and political ecology to provide a more comprehensive means of framing and analysing just energy transitions. It thus provides a novel overarching framework linking energy studies, sustainability transitions, development studies and innovation studies especially in an era where the globe is moving toward a clean and affordable energy for all (Sustainable Development Goal 7).
Refining the online health information searcher typology: Applying the patient health engagement model
Authors: Macias Wendy , Lee Mina
Published: May 2023

Background

Despite numerous quantitative findings on online health information seeking, little is known about the process of online health information seeking itself.

Objectives

The study aimed to learn about how adults search for health information online, whether Macias et al.'s Online Health Searcher Typology applies to a broader, non‐university sample, and to better identify and understand online health searchers by employing the Patient Health Engagement (PHE) model.

Methods

This study examined the role of engagement in online health information search processes using think‐aloud qualitative interviews with 11 participants in their 30s to 70s. The research applied both thematic analysis and a quantitative coding scheme based on the PHE model to analyse the qualitative data that consists of 500 pages of think‐aloud verbatim transcripts.

Results

This study found that four (flounderer, skimmer, digester and devourer) out of five types emerged as distinct search styles. Insights into engagement helped distinguish online health searcher types in this sample.

Conclusion

The dynamics of the engagement dimension indicate that the online health information search process is multi‐dimensional. It is comprised of different levels of cognitive, emotional, and conative responses, further extending the PHE model. Health science librarians and health professionals have a unique opportunity to help individuals better navigate online health search.
Cytotoxicity, biocompatibility and osteoinductive profile of an MTA‐hydrogel‐based cement: An in vitro and animal study
Authors: Martins Manoela Domingues , Coelho Fernanda Hack , Moreira Maria Stella , Marques Márcia Martins , Pilar Emily Ferreira Salles , Palo Renato Miotto , Silveira Felipe Martins , Kopper Patrícia Maria Poli
Published: May 2023

Aim

This study aimed to evaluate the cytotoxicity, biocompatibility and osteoinductive profile of a mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA)‐hydrogel‐based material (MTA Flow) in comparison with MTA Angelus.

Methodology

Cell viability was evaluated in human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) using the methyl‐thiazol‐tetrazolium (MTT) colourimetric assay. Polyethylene tubes containing the tested materials and empty polyethylene tubes (control) were implanted in the subcutaneous tissue of Wistar rats. Cellular (lymphocyte infiltration) and extracellular events (ECM; collagen fibres) were analysed in histological sections. Immunohistochemical (collagen I, osteopontin, bone sialoprotein, bone morphogenetic protein4) analyses were also performed.

Results

At 24, 48 and 72 h, all tested groups showed cell viability similar to control (p > .05). Regarding biocompatibility, all groups showed similar cellular events represented by a slight inflammatory reaction characterized by hyperaemia and a mild lymphocytic inflammatory infiltrate. The analysis of lymphocytes during the time showed a decrease in these cells in the control group and a significant interaction between MTA Angelus and control (p < .001), with MTA Angelus showing a more extensive inflammatory infiltrate. Regarding fibres, an increase in content was observed in all groups during the experimental time (7, 30 and 60 days), however, no difference was detected among the experimental groups (p = .063). After 60 days, the immunoexpression of bone matrix proteins in the MTA Flow group was similar to or higher than that observed in the MTA Angelus and in the control group.

Conclusions

MTA Flow showed a non‐cytotoxic behaviour, biocompatibility and ability to stimulate tissue mineralization.
A behavioural livelihoods approach to address psychosocial constraints to empowerment
Authors: Lenhardt Amanda , Diwakar Vidya , Tumusiime Emmanuel , Simbaya Joseph , Moonga Arthur Monze
Published: May 2023

Little is known about psychosocial or ‘internal’ behaviours that can perpetuate chronic poverty and how to alleviate them in development programmes. This paper presents a conceptual and evaluation framework examining the relationship between a person's psychosocial behaviours, empowerment and economic wellbeing. The framework shows empowerment is enabled or limited by internal behaviours – including one's identity, aspiration, hope and confidence. We tested the framework on a behaviour change intervention among 1508 extremely poor smallholder farmers in Zambia. The intervention was a six‐session curriculum for promoting positive mindsets using faith‐based messages. We used concurrent mixed methods to examine changes and differences in levels of empowerment for individuals exposed to the intervention and those not. We found significant correlations between participation in the intervention and improvements in participants' internal attitudes and overall empowerment. The framework and mixed methods evaluation offer insights into how to design programmes to address internal constraints to empowerment.
COVID‐19 in Morocco's region: Observational study of prevalence in symptomatic adults using the PANBIOS® rapid antigen test September 2021
Authors: Haroun Abbas Ermilo , Obtel Majdouline , El Hilali Samia , Zeghari Zhor , Oulachguer Najat , Idrissi Karim Sbai , Razine Rachid
Published: May 2023

Background

Rapid antigen tests have emerged to deal with the COVID‐19 pandemic. Rapid diagnosis of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection is essential to reduce the spread of the disease. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of COVID‐19 infection and test the sensitivity and specificity in Temara‐Skhirat in symptomatic adults through PANBIOS® test.

Methods

A prospective observational study was conducted in mid‐September 2021. Two investigators conducted data collection from symptomatic adult patients. The diagnostic performance of the PANBIOS®, and the PCR was assessed to calculate sensitivity and the specificity.

Results

Among 206 symptomatic participants, the mean age was 38 ± 12 years, and the majority were women (59%). In our population, 80% had benefited from the anti‐COVID vaccine. The median duration of symptoms was 4 days; the most common symptoms were fatigue (62%), headache (52%), fever (48%), cough (34%), loss of smell (25%), loss of taste (24%), and sore throat (22%). Results revealed 23% of cases tested positive with PANBIOS® test versus 30% with the PCR test. The calculated medical decision between PCR versus PANBIOS® test showed high specificity of 95.7% and a sensitivity of 69.4%. There was concordance between the PANBIOS® test and the PCR.

Conclusion

The prevalence tested remain high, and the sensitivity and specificity of the PANBIOS® versus PCR test are similar to other literatures and close to value described in WHO recommendations. PANBIOS® is a useful test for controlling the spread of COVID‐19 allowing identification of active infection.
Systematic reviews as a metaknowledge tool: caveats and a review of available options
Authors: Avenali Alessandro , Daraio Cinzia , Di Leo Simone , Matteucci Giorgio , Nepomuceno Thyago
Published: May 2023

The development of information and communication technologies accompanied by the exponential growth of electronic scholarly publications and computer archives has led, on the one hand, to the development of techniques for the systematic analysis of published literature and, on the other hand, to a significant growth in the number of literature reviews conducted and published. A systematic literature review seeks to comprehensively identify and synthesize all studies conducted on a given topic. However, how does one ensure that the entire state of the art on a given topic has been covered? How does one collect and select a large number of publications on a given topic, and how does one analyze the knowledge extracted from these publications? In other words, how do we use systematic literature analysis to produce new knowledge from existing knowledge? To make the best use of the various tools available today for conducting systematic reviews, it is necessary to be aware of their limitations. In the paper, we provide illustrations, examples, and detailed information on the various alternatives for conducting systematic reviews, presenting a review of available sources and tools. We report an analysis of the articles published in the journal International Transactions in Operational Research to show the potential and limitations of systematic review versus domain expert‐based selection. Finally, we show that a good systematic review relies on the intelligent combination of the latest tools available for conducting systematic research with the knowledge of domain experts.
Relationship between anxiety and quality of life among older adults with self‐reported polypharmacy in long‐term care: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Dangerfield Hannah J. , Scott Judith M. , Zohn Jennifer H. , Segal Daniel L. , Benton Melissa J.
Published: May 2023

Aims

To investigate the relationship between anxiety and quality of life among older adults with self‐reported polypharmacy living in the long‐term care setting.

Design

A cross‐sectional design was used.

Methods

Between July 2021 and August 2022, 92 older adults living in long‐term care completed an anonymous one‐time questionnaire packet. Polypharmacy was measured as self‐reported five or more medications daily. Anxiety was measured using the Geriatric Anxiety Scale‐Long Term Care tool. Quality of life was measured as health‐related quality of life using two global questions from the RAND‐36 and as medication‐related quality of life using the Medication‐Related Quality of Life Scale.

Results

The prevalence of polypharmacy was 89%. Among participants with polypharmacy, average age was 80.1 ± 7.9 years. The majority were female (70%) and white (85%). There was a moderate‐to‐strong correlation between anxiety and quality of life. Specifically, anxiety was negatively related to current health‐related quality of life, perceived change in health‐related quality of life and medication‐related quality of life. Overall, anxiety explained 27–31% of the variance in both health‐related and medication‐related quality of life.

Conclusion

The results of this study indicate that as anxiety increases, health‐related and medication‐related quality of life decreases in older adults living in long‐term care who report consuming five or more medications daily. Advanced practice nurses can use these findings to guide practice, tailor interventions and improve care for these long‐term care residents.

Implications

Multiple medications are increasingly prescribed to treat multiple comorbidities in older adults. As a result, the prevalence of polypharmacy (≥5 medications per day) is rising and problematic. The main findings of this study highlight the negative relationship between anxiety and quality of life in this population and the need for adequate assessment of anxiety by advanced practice nurses in order to personalize care.

Reporting Method

In preparing the manuscript, the authors have adhered to relevant EQUATOR guidelines and the STROBE checklist for cross‐sectional studies.

Patient or Public Contribution

No patient or public contribution outside of participation in the actual study for purposes of data collection.
Cultural background in digital literacy of elementary and middle school students: Self‐appraisal versus actual performance
Authors: Hadad Shlomit , Watted Abeer , Blau Ina
Published: May 2023

Background

Integration of digital technologies in schools raises the need of students to master technological, cognitive, and social digital literacy (DL) competencies.

Objectives

Based on Hofstede's dimensional paradigm for defining culture, we address the cultural context and examine perceived and actual DL of Arabic‐speaking minority students in Israel.

Methods

First, 402 Arabic‐speaking minority students from elementary Arabic‐speaking schools and 232 students from middle schools reported their DL based on the DL framework. Among them, 347 elementary and 205 middle school students performed a battery of DL tasks.

Findings and Conclusions

The findings revealed a very low level of DL performance by minority students in both elementary and middle schools. The highest performance score was in information literacy:M = 1.49 andM = 1.55 out of 5.00 for elementary and middle school students respectively. Despite ubiquitous use of social networks, the lowest score was obtained in social–emotional literacy—0.23 for both elementary and middle school students. In contrast to performance, both elementary and middle school minority students estimated their digital literacy competencies as high or very high. Among the elementary students, a weak correlation was found between their DL perceptions and performance of the photo‐visual, branching, and social–emotional literacies. Among the middle school students, the only significant correlation was found between perceptions and performance of reproduction literacy. The findings raise the need to improve DL competencies of minority students and develop their metacognitive abilities. This helps to assess their DL more accurately, in order to ensure their successful functioning in digital environments. Theoretical and educational implications of the findings are discussed.
The polyphenol EGCG directly targets intracellular amyloid‐β aggregates and promotes their lysosomal degradation
Authors: Secker Christopher , Motzny Angelika Y. , Kostova Simona , Buntru Alexander , Helmecke Lucas , Reus Laura , Steinfort Robert , Brusendorf Lydia , Boeddrich Annett , Neuendorf Nancy , Diez Lisa , Schmieder Peter , Schulz Aline , Czekelius Constantin , Wanker Erich E.
Published: May 2023

The accumulation of amyloidogenic protein aggregates in neurons is a pathogenic hallmark of a large number of neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Small molecules targeting such structures and promoting their degradation may have therapeutic potential for the treatment of AD. Here, we searched for natural chemical compounds that decrease the abundance of stable, proteotoxic β‐sheet‐rich amyloid‐β (Aβ) aggregates in cells. We found that the polyphenol (−)‐epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) functions as a potent chemical aggregate degrader in SH‐EP cells. We further demonstrate that a novel, fluorescently labeled EGCG derivative (EGC‐dihydroxybenzoate (DHB)‐Rhodamine) also shows cellular activity. It directly targets intracellular Aβ42 aggregates and competes with EGCG for Aβ42 aggregate binding in vitro. Mechanistic investigations indicated a lysosomal accumulation of Aβ42 aggregates in SH‐EP cells and showed that lysosomal cathepsin activity is critical for efficient EGCG‐mediated aggregate clearance. In fact, EGCG treatment leads to an increased abundance of active cathepsin B isoforms and increased enzymatic activity in our SH‐EP cell model. Our findings suggest that intracellular Aβ42 aggregates are cleared through the endo‐lysosomal system. We show that EGCG directly targets intracellular Aβ42 aggregates and facilitates their lysosomal degradation. Small molecules, which bind to protein aggregates and increase their lysosomal degradation could have therapeutic potential for the treatment of amyloid diseases.

image