bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Different Wax Pattern Fabrication Techniques on the Marginal Fit of Customized Lithium Disilicate Implant Abutments
Authors: Taha Doaa , Nour Moustafa , Zohdy Maged , El‐Etreby Amr , Hamdy Amina , Salah Tarek
Published: October 2019

Purpose

To evaluate the effect of different wax pattern fabrication techniques on the fit of customized pressed lithium disilicate implant abutments on titanium inserts before and after pressing. The marginal fit results of pressed lithium disilicate implant abutments were then compared with those of milled lithium disilicate abutments.

Materials and Methods

After scanning the titanium inserts and designing an implant abutment, wax patterns were fabricated with three techniques (n = 15 each): computer‐aided design/computer‐aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) milling, 3D printing and conventional layering. The marginal fit (µm) was measured using a stereomicroscope for all the wax patterns before pressing them into the lithium disilicate abutments. The pressed implant abutments were measured again for marginal fit, and the results were compared to those of the milled lithium disilicate abutments. One‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to assess different wax pattern fabrication techniques in each stage before and after pressing. One‐way ANOVA was also used to compare the groups of pressed and milled lithium disilicate abutments. Multiple pairwise comparisons were performed using the Tukey post hoc test in each stage.

Results

There were statistically significant differences between the marginal fit of the three wax patterns groups (p < 0.001; f = 123.33), wherein the mean marginal fit was the highest for conventionally layered wax patterns (30 ± 13.09) µm. Furthermore, after pressing, there were statistically significant differences between the marginal fit of the three pressed abutments groups (p < 0.001; f = 518.62), wherein the mean marginal fit was the highest for pressed e.max abutments fabricated from conventionally layered wax patterns (25.26 ± 3.9) µm. There was no statistically significant difference between the mean marginal fit of the pressed abutments fabricated from conventional layered wax patterns and that of the milled CAD/CAM abutments. However, the mean marginal fit of the milled CAD/CAM abutments was higher than that of the pressed abutments fabricated from both CAD/CAM wax and 3D printed wax.

Conclusion

All the tested fabrication methods provided degrees of accuracy that lie well within accepted limits. The use of pressed lithium disilicate abutments fabricated from conventional layering wax pattern technique should provide a more consistent better marginal fit between the titanium insert and the abutment and may therefore be the preferable fabrication method.
Evaluating the Use of Commercially Available Wearable Wristbands to Capture Adolescents’ Daily Sleep Duration
Authors: George Madeleine J. , Rivenbark Joshua G. , Russell Michael A. , Ng'eno Leonard , Hoyle Rick H. , Odgers Candice L.
Published: October 2019

Commercially available wearable devices are marketed as a means of objectively capturing daily sleep easily and inexpensively outside of the laboratory. Two ecological momentary assessment studies—with 120 older adolescents (aged 18–19) and 395 younger adolescents (aged 10–16)—captured nightly self‐reported and wearable (Jawbone) recorded sleep duration. Self‐reported and wearable recorded daily sleep duration were moderately correlated (r ~ .50), associations which were stronger on weekdays and among young adolescent boys. Older adolescents self‐reported sleep duration closely corresponded with estimates from the wearable device, but younger adolescents reported having an hour more of sleep, on average, compared to device estimates. Self‐reported, but not wearable‐recorded, sleep duration and quality were consistently associated with daily well‐being measures. Suggestions for the integration of commercially available wearable devices into future daily research with adolescents are provided.
Using Bi‐Weekly Surveys to Portray Adolescent Partnership Dynamics: Lessons From a Mobile Diary Study
Authors: Goldberg Rachel E. , Koffman Dawn , Tienda Marta
Published: October 2019

Partnership formation is an important developmental task for adolescents, but cross‐sectional and periodic longitudinal studies have lacked the measurement precision to portray partnership stability and flux and to capture the range of adolescent partnership experiences. This article assesses the promises and challenges of using bi‐weekly mobile diaries administered over the course of a year to study adolescent partnership dynamics. Descriptive findings illustrate the potential of bi‐weekly diaries for both capturing the longitudinal complexity and fluidity of adolescent partnerships as well as for reducing retrospection biases. Results also underscore several challenges, including those posed by missing data, and highlight several strategies for maximizing participant engagement and reliably tracing adolescent partnerships.
Deciphering bacterial community variation during soil and leaf treatments with biologicals and biofertilizers to control huanglongbing in citrus trees
Authors: Bai Yani , Wang Jinchang , Jin Liang , Zhan Zhigao , Guan Limei , Zheng Guohua , Qiu Dewen , Qiu Xiaozhong
Published: October 2019

The aim of the current study was to gain a clearer understanding of the bacteria involved in different treatments to control huanglongbing in citrus trees. The treatments included additions in soil or on leaf. In soil, there were two treatments, one was addition of biofertilizer mainly consisting of Brevibacillus laterosporus, and another one was the addition of burnt lime. On leaf treatment, a plant immunity inducer, Atailing spray, which is a fermented fungal protein product, was used. Besides, there was an integrative treatment including the above additions both in soil and on leaf. The control treatments had no addition. The growth of infected citrus plants was significantly improved by these treatments. We sampled soil under crown circumference, rhizosphere soil and roots, stems and leaves of the citrus trees. Sequencing of the 16S rDNA marker using Illumina methods was applied to determine the bacterial community composition of the samples. The results showed that in the soil samples under crown circumference, treatments increased the relative abundance of the genera Bradyrhizobium and Norank_f__Acidobacteriaceae__Subgroup_1_ compared with the control. In the rhizosphere soil samples, treatments increased the relative abundance of the genus Burkholderia–Paraburkholderia compared with the control. Atailing spray influenced the relative abundance of the bacterial genus norank_f__Acidobacteriaceae__Subgroup_1_ in the rhizosphere soil, as well as Pseudomonas in citrus leaves. Furthermore, 6 months after the treatments, the relative abundance of Actinobacteria and Bacilli at the class level was significantly increased in citrus plant leaves in the group treated with Atailing spray, biofertilizer and burnt lime. Overall, certain bacteria were stimulated by treatments, and the leaf‐associated bacterial communities had important indicators for the health of the citrus endophytic environment. These results provided a theoretical foundation for the development of biological approaches for huanglongbing treatment.
Effect of dietary supplemental medium chain fatty acids instead of antibiotics on the growth performance, digestibility and blood profiles in growing pigs
Authors: Zhang Jian Ying , Baek Dong Heon , Kim In Ho
Published: October 2019

Antibiotics have great functions in farm animal. However, the harm of antibiotics can't be ignored. The effects of medium‐chain fatty acids (MCFAs) supplementation to basal diet instead of antibiotics (CSP, Chlortetracycline, sulphonamide dimethazine and procaine penicillin, 1:1:1) on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and blood profile in growing pigs were studied. A total of 140 growing pigs (Landrace × Yorkshire × Duroc) with an average body weight of 27.84 ± 0.42 kg were allotted to four treatments of seven replicates/treatment and five pigs/replicate. The four experimental diets included: CON (basal diet, non‐antibiotic, negative control); CSP (CON + CSP 0.1%, positive control); M1 (CON + MCFA 0.15%) and M2 (CON + MCFA 0.3%). After 5 weeks, the fresh faecal and blood samples were collected from rectum and jugular vein respectively. The average daily gain (ADG) was significantly improved for pigs fed 0.3% MCFAs in relation to basal diet. Meanwhile, CSP supplementation had comparable effect on ADG. The lymphocyte percentage and IgG concentration were higher in blood of pigs‐fed MCFAs in relation to that of CON and CSP treatment while white blood cell and red blood cell were not affected. In relation to basal diet and CSP treatment, the digestibility of dry matter, nitrogen and gross energy (E) were unaffected with MCFAs supplementation. In conclusion, MCFAs improved growth performance on body weight gain and immune profile. Addition 0.3% MCFAs into the diet indicated that its partial positive effect as an alternative to antibiotic.
Do Managers’ Dark Personality Traits Help Firms in Coping with Adverse Supply Chain Events?
Authors: Timmer Stephane , Kaufmann Lutz
Published: October 2019

This research investigates purchasing managers’ responses to adverse supply chain events. We build on attribution theory to examine how individual‐level factors—managerial personality traits, cognitive modes, and attribution of supplier responsibility—combine with firm‐level factors—buffering and bridging—to affect coping success. We combine an inductive process‐tracing approach with the neo‐configurational method of fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA). Findings suggest that dark personality traits—traits that are generally regarded as socially aversive—are useful in coping with adverse supply chain events in combination with cross‐functionally integrated bridging, while the absence of dark personality traits is useful in combination with cross‐functionally integrated buffering. Our study contributes to the extant supply chain management literature in three ways: First, it highlights the role of dark personality traits in how purchasing managers react to supply chain risks. Second, it advances behavioral SCM literature by presenting nuanced findings on the effect of rational vs. intuitive cognitive processes in coping with such adverse events. Third, it contributes to attribution theory by providing a differentiated view on behavioral reactions following responsibility attributions. For managers, we find that high coping success might be achieved by seeking a fit between dark personality traits and firm actions. In addition, the results of the fsQCA demonstrate that supply chain research using configurational studies serves as a productive complement to traditional net effect analyses.
Home versus laboratory assessments of melatonin production and melatonin onset in young adults complaining of a delayed sleep schedule
Authors: Moderie Christophe , Van der Maren Solenne , Paquet Jean , Dumont Marie
Published: October 2019

Recent evidence points toward an association between higher non‐visual sensitivity to light and a later circadian phase in young adults complaining of a delayed sleep schedule. Light exposure in the evening may therefore induce a larger suppression of melatonin production in these individuals, which might: (a) bias home estimates of melatonin onset; and (b) decrease sleep propensity at bedtime. In this study, we compared home and laboratory melatonin onsets and production in sleep‐delayed and control participants, using saliva samples collected in the 3 hr preceding habitual bedtime. The mean light intensity measured during saliva sampling at home was ~10 lux in both groups. Melatonin suppression at home was significant, averaging 31% and 24% in sleep‐delayed and control individuals, respectively. Group difference in melatonin suppression was not significant. Estimates of melatonin onset were on average 27 min later at home than in laboratory conditions, with no group difference. Looking specifically at sleep‐delayed participants, there was no correlation between non‐visual sensitivity to light and home–laboratory differences in melatonin onsets. However, higher light sensitivity was associated with greater melatonin suppression in the hour before habitual bedtime. Greater melatonin suppression before bedtime was also associated with a later circadian phase. These results indicate that the validity of home estimates of melatonin onset is similar in sleep‐delayed and in control individuals. Results also suggest that increased non‐visual sensitivity to light could impact melatonin secretion in sleep‐delayed individuals and contribute to a late bedtime by delaying circadian phase and decreasing sleep propensity.
Insomnia symptoms predict the development of post‐traumatic stress symptoms following an experimental trauma
Authors: Short Nicole A. , Boffa Joseph W. , Wissemann Karl , Schmidt Norman B.
Published: October 2019

Insomnia symptoms prior to traumatic event exposure predict the development of post‐traumatic stress symptoms. However, potential mechanisms underlying the association between insomnia and risk for post‐traumatic stress disorder symptoms have not been prospectively tested. The current study used the trauma film paradigm to test whether insomnia symptoms prior to analogue trauma exposure predict subsequent analogue post‐traumatic stress disorder symptoms, and potential mediators of this relationship, among an at‐risk sample of 108 participants. Results indicated that, after covarying for negative affectivity, insomnia symptoms in the 2 weeks prior to analogue trauma exposure significantly predicted increased post‐traumatic stress disorder symptoms 3 days and 1 week post‐exposure. Moreover, distress immediately after exposure and post‐traumatic avoidance mediated the association between insomnia symptoms and post‐traumatic stress disorder symptoms 1 week after exposure. Effect sizes were small. The current study uses an analogue trauma and analogue post‐traumatic stress disorder symptoms to model clinical symptoms, includes an additional intervention prior to analogue trauma, and lacks a control film. Findings suggest increased reactivity to trauma exposure and subsequent reminders, and attempts to suppress trauma memories may be mechanisms in the association between insomnia symptoms and risk for post‐traumatic stress disorder symptoms.
Glassy magnetic cronstedtite signatures in Mukundpura CM2 chondrite based on magnetic and Mössbauer studies
Authors: Dixit Ambesh , Tripathi R. P. , Bhandari N.
Published: October 2019

We have studied the Mukundpura CM2 meteorite for magnetic properties as a function of temperature and magnetic field, as well as its Mössbauer spectrum, at room and low temperatures (up to 5 K). We find that the high temperature paramagnetic phase is followed by two magnetic transitions: a weak transition near 125 K and a strong transition at 8 K. The weak (125 K) magnetic phase can be attributed to complex Fe2+–Fe3+ constituents present in the meteorite. The absence of the characteristic sextet corresponding to magnetite in Mossbauer spectrum indicates that this magnetic phase is not magnetite, which, if present, must be in insignificant amount. The 8 K magnetic ordering is superimposed with weak ferromagnetic ordering, showing spin‐glass transition. The Mössbauer spectrum taken at 5 K substantiates the observed spin‐glassy nature, as very large hyperfine field ~32 T is recorded, causing localized subordering leading to spin‐glass behavior. The Mössbauer spectra also confirm that iron is mainly present in serpentine‐group minerals, both in ferrous and ferric states. The complete serpentinization of basic silicates indicates aggressive hydrous alteration. These results show that the observed spin‐glass signature is a characteristic feature of the cronstedtite phase in CM meteorites. This feature is unique to carbonaceous CM chondrites and could be used for nondestructive, quick, and independent classification of this rare class of meteorites. Furthermore, the absence of olivine and the presence of cronstedtite in Mossbauer spectra show that the degree of aqueous alteration observed is the most severe in Mukundpura CM2 meteorite, as compared to many other CM2 meteorites. The degree of aqueous alteration in CM2 carbonaceous chondrites increases in the sequence: Paris, Murchison, Murray, Mighei, Nogoya, Cold Bokkeveld, and Mukundpura.
Risk of poverty in Southern Europe
Authors: Mussida Chiara , Parisi Maria Laura
Published: October 2019

We analyze whether the risk of poverty deteriorates with the crisis in France, Greece, Italy and Spain, for different categories of households, individual features and policy instruments, such as the regional European Structural Funds. We find that the impact of the economic recession was heterogeneous, deteriorating the status of temporary workers, self‐employed, single and female‐headed households, while the risk of poverty decreased relatively for larger households with dependent children and elderly members. We also find that targeted funds toward human capital investment are associated to decreasing the risk of poverty, but the crisis slowed down their effects.
Getting to know you: Accuracy and error in judgments of character
Authors: Westra Evan
Published: October 2019

Character judgments play an important role in our everyday lives. However, decades of research on trait attribution have shown that these judgments are prone to a number of biases and cognitive distortions. This raises a skeptical worry about the epistemic foundations of everyday characterological beliefs that has some deeply disturbing implications. I argue that this skeptical worry is misplaced: Under the appropriate informational conditions, our everyday character‐trait judgments are in fact quite trustworthy. I then propose a mindreading‐based account of trait attribution that explains both why these judgments are initially unreliable, and how they eventually become more accurate.
Discovery of an Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus population and first records of Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti in Canada
Authors: Giordano B. V. , Gasparotto A. , Liang P. , Nelder M. P. , Russell C. , Hunter F. F.
Published: October 2019

A population of Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus (Skuse) (Diptera: Culicidae), a vector of chikungunya, dengue, yellow fever, and Zika and West Nile viruses, has been detected in Windsor, Ontario, Canada from 2016 onwards. Here, we describe its seasonal distribution, as well as the various aquatic habitats from which this species was collected and its larval co‐habitation. We collected immatures from tires, treeholes, extruded polystyrene foam containers, discarded plastic cups, old recycling bins and oviposition traps. Aedes albopictus larvae were collected with Aedes japonicus (Theobald), Anopheles punctipennis (Say), Culex pipiens Linnaeus, Ochlerotatus hendersoni (Cockerell), Ochlerotatus triseriatus (Say) and Orthopodomyia signifera (Coquillett). Adult female and male specimens were collected from Biogents sentinel traps (Biogents AG, Regensburg, Germany), as well as Centers for Disease Control and Prevention miniature light traps (CDC, Atlanta, GA, U.S.A.), and also as they alighted on the investigators. Peak adult collections occurred in September during epidemiological week 37. We also collected Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti (Linnaeus), a new record for Canada, in 2016 and from two new collection sites in 2017. The 2017 collections were 3.5 km north and 19.4 km south of the index site. The present study adds to the increasing number of studies reporting range expansions of these mosquito species.
Effects of GABA‐B agonist baclofen on esophageal motility: Studies using high‐resolution manometry
Authors: Hung Jui‐Sheng , Yi Chih‐Hsun , Liu Tso‐Tsai , Lei Wei‐Yi , Wong Ming‐Wun , Chen Chien‐Lin
Published: October 2019

Background/Aim

Baclofen inhibits transient lower esophageal sphincter (LES) relaxation. This study aimed to investigate the effect of baclofen on esophageal peristaltic function and contraction reserve in healthy adults using high‐resolution manometry (HRM).

Methods

Fifteen subjects underwent HRM with ten water swallows and five multiple rapid swallows (MRS) 90 minutes after oral intake of either baclofen or placebo on separate days at least 1 week apart. HRM parameters assessed included esophagogastric junction contractile integral (EGJ‐CI), resting LES pressure, 4‐second integrated relaxation pressure (IRP‐4s), distal contractile integral (DCI), distal latency, peristaltic breaks, resting upper esophageal sphincter (UES) pressure, and contractile response to MRS.

Results

Baclofen significantly increased EGJ‐CI (P = .007), IRP‐4s (P = .003), and LES pressure (P = .004). UES pressure, latency, and DCI were similar between baclofen and placebo (P = .87, P = .84, and P = .54, respectively). There was no difference in contractile response and peristaltic augmentation following MRS between baclofen and placebo (93% vs 100%, P = .30; 53% vs. 73%, P = .26, respectively).

Conclusions

Baclofen increases resting LES pressure and EGJ barrier function, but has no effect on primary peristalsis or contraction reserve.
Impaired gastric mucosal integrity identified by confocal endomicroscopy in Helicobacter pylori‐negative functional dyspepsia
Authors: Ji Rui , Wang Peng , Kou Guan‐jun , Zuo Xiu‐Li , Wang Xiao , Li Yan‐Qing
Published: October 2019

Background

Low‐grade inflammation may be involved in the pathogenesis of functional dyspepsia (FD). We hypothesis that altered gastric permeability is involved in the onset and persistence of this disorder. Therefore, our aim was to evaluate gastric mucosal integrity and mast cell numbers in patients with FD.

Methods

We enrolled 58 patients with FD fulfilling the Rome III criteria (H Pylori negative), 20 inflammatory control subjects (H Pylori positive), and 20 healthy controls (H Pylori negative). Probe‐based confocal endomicroscopy was performed using intravenous fluorescein to assess the paracellular fluorescein leakage and cell shedding. Mast cells were identified with quantitative immunohistochemistry on mucosal biopsies.

Key Results

Endomicroscopic score of paracellular permeability was significantly higher in H pylori‐negative FD patients compared with healthy controls (1.45 ± 1.27 vs 3.69 ± 3.18, P = .006). However, FD patients and healthy controls did not show differences in cell shedding score (0.75 ± 0.79 vs 1.29 ± 1.14, P = .069). Mast cell numbers were significantly increased compared with healthy control samples (18.91 ± 5.47 vs 14.1 ± 3.88, P < .001). The magnitude of increase in permeability was positively correlated with mast cell numbers of FD patients (rs = .6588, P < .0001), but not dyspepsia symptom scores.

Conclusion and Inferences

Impaired gastric barrier function is present in FD patients. This might provide a new pathophysiological mechanism and therapeutical target in FD.
Genome‐wide association study identifies QTLs conferring salt tolerance in rice
Authors: An Hongzhou , Liu Kai , Wang Baoxiang , Tian Yunlu , Ge Yuwei , Zhang Yuanyan , Tang Weijie , Chen Gaoming , Yu Jun , Wu Wei , Liu Xiaolan , Zhao Yaqin , Li Jin , Zhang Hanzhi , Yang Bing , Jiang Xingzhou , Peng Chao , Zhou Cong , Zhu Chengsong , Wang Chunming , Wan Jianmin
Published: October 2019

Rice is the most important cereal crop but is sensitive to salinity stress. Increased salinization is progressively reducing rice productivity, escalating calls for research to ensure sustainable food production. The genetic diversity available in cultivars provides a rich resource for discovering genes associated with salt tolerance which has not yet been sufficiently utilized. In this study, 54 QTLs associated with salt tolerance were detected through genome‐wide association study (GWAS) using a core population consisting of 181 cultivars. We detected 17 loci significantly associated with dry weight ratio (DWR) for salt tolerance. In the region of a novel QTL qST‐7.19 on chromosome 7, we identified a candidate gene encoding a multidrug and toxic compound extrusion (MATE) protein and further validated the effect by using near‐isogenic line of the candidate gene. These QTLs and the candidate gene pave the ways for salinity tolerance improvement through molecular breeding.
Sequence variation in genes encoding miRNAs/targets and other related approaches for possible use in crop improvement
Authors: Gautam Tinku , Gupta Pushpendra Kumar
Published: October 2019

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non‐coding RNAs (ncRNAs), which are involved in regulation of gene expression in almost all plant and animal systems. In crop plants, a large number of miRNAs are now known, which regulate expression of genes controlling a variety of traits including yield and tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Like protein‐coding genes, miRNA genes (MIRs) and their products (including pri‐miRNAs, pre‐miRNAs or miRNAs themselves) also exhibit sequence variation. This variation affects the corresponding miRNAs in a variety of ways including their own transcription, maturation and target specificity. In this review, we summarize the available information on markers based on sequence variations in MIRs and the corresponding target genes. The association of these markers with agronomic traits of value and their possible use in crop improvement is also discussed using suitable examples.
De novo transcriptome characterisation of two auxin‐related genes associated with plant growth habit in Astragalus adsurgens Pall
Authors: Ma L. , Yi D. , Gong W. , Gong P. , Wang Z.
Published: October 2019

Astragalus adsurgens Pall., a perennial legume native to China, is commonly used as a forage crop. And it has great value for sustainable development of grasslands in arid and semi arid regions. However, to date, little is known regarding the A. adsurgens genome, and no studies have determined whether it would be possible to improve the germplasm of A. adsurgens through genetic modification.

In this study, we used an RNA‐seq protocol to generate a de novo transcriptome including 151,516 unigenes of A. adsurgens. We compared the transcriptomes of A. adsurgens having different growth habits (prostrate/erect) and identified 14,133 single nucleotide polymorphism sites (SNP) in 8,139 unigenes.

Differential expression gene (DEG) analysis suggested that 10,982 unigenes were up‐regulated in the prostrate plant relative to the erect plant, while 10,607 unigenes were down‐regulated. Of the 21,589 DEG, Unigene72782_All (LAX4) and CL12494.Contig3_All (TIR1), an auxin transporter gene and an auxin transport inhibitor gene, respectively, were predicted to influence the growth habit of A. adsurgens, which were verified by qRT‐PCR in these phenotypes.

These results suggest that auxin transport was more active in the prostrate plant than in the erect plant, resulting in asymmetric distribution of auxin that affects the growth habit of A. adsurgens. Overall, this study may provide a basis for future research on key genes in A. adsurgens and may deepen our understanding of the molecular mechanisms regulating plant growth habit.
Individual alpha frequency increases during a task but is unchanged by alpha‐band flicker
Authors: Gray Michael J. , Emmanouil Tatiana A.
Published: October 2019

Visual perception fluctuates in sync with ongoing neural oscillations in the delta, theta, and alpha frequency bands of the human EEG. Supporting the relationship between alpha and perceptual sampling, recent work has demonstrated that variations in individual alpha frequency (IAF) correlate with the ability to discriminate one from two stimuli presented briefly in the same location. Other studies have found that, after being presented with a flickering stimulus at alpha frequencies, perception of near‐threshold stimuli fluctuates for a short time at the same frequency. Motivated by previous work, we were interested in whether this alpha entrainment involves shifts in IAF. While recording EEG, we tested whether two‐flash discrimination (a behavioral correlate of IAF) can be influenced by ~1 s of rhythmic visual stimulation at two different alpha frequencies (8.3 and 12.5 Hz). Speaking against the bottom‐up malleability of IAF, we found no change in IAF during stimulation and no change in two‐flash discrimination immediately afterward. We also found synchronous activity that persisted after 12.5 Hz stimulation, which suggests that a separate source of alpha was entrained. Importantly, we replicated the correlation between IAF and two‐flash discrimination in a no‐stimulation condition, demonstrating the sensitivity of our behavioral measure. We additionally found that IAF increased during the task compared to rest, which demonstrates that IAF is influenced by top‐down factors but is not involved in entrainment.
Sex differences in adolescents’ cardiac reactivity and recovery under acute stress: The importance of nonlinear measures
Authors: Fiol‐Veny Aina , Balle Maria , Fiskum Charlotte , Bornas Xavier
Published: October 2019

How well adolescents can self‐regulate in the face of stressors has considerable implications for long‐term well‐being and risk of psychopathology. This study investigated sex differences in adolescents’ cardiac reactivity and recovery during a stressful task. Measures of cardiac variability (linear) and complexity (nonlinear) were obtained from N = 92 adolescents, 41 males (M age = 13.28, SD = 0.69; BMI = 21.9) and 51 females (M age = 13.36, SD = 0.67; BMI = 21.5). The adolescents underwent the Trier Social Stress Test, consisting of five conditions: baseline, anticipation, social exposure, math task, and recovery. Repeated measures ANOVAs revealed that female in comparison to male adolescents showed lower cardiac complexity revealed by higher short‐term scaling exponent at baseline (p = .006) and math (p = .013) and lower entropy at exposure (p = .013) and math (p = .012). A marginal between‐groups effect was found for Higuchi's fractal dimension, F(1, 90) = 3.67, p = .059, ηp2 = .041, with females showing lower fractal dimension than males in math (p = .037). Linear measures did not reveal sex‐related differences. Results suggest that adolescent females show lower cardiac complexity during stress. These findings support the importance of nonlinear cardiac measures for understanding cardiac reactivity during stress. Further research is needed to test the hypothesis that cardiac complexity is useful to detect an increased risk of emotional disorders, disorders that are more prevalent in women.
Nonintrusive methods for biomass estimation in aquaculture with emphasis on fish: a review
Authors: Li Daoliang , Hao Yinfeng , Duan Yanqing
Published: October 2019

Fish biomass estimation is one of the most common and important practices in aquaculture. The regular acquisition of fish biomass information has been identified as an urgent need for managers to optimize daily feeding, control stocking densities and ultimately determine the optimal time for harvesting. However, it is difficult to estimate fish biomass without human intervention because fishes are sensitive and move freely in an environment where visibility, lighting and stability are uncontrollable. Until now, fish biomass estimation has been mostly based on manual sampling, which is usually invasive, time‐consuming and laborious. Therefore, it is imperative and highly desirable to develop a noninvasive, rapid and cost‐effective means. Machine vision, acoustics, environmental DNA and resistivity counter provide the possibility of developing nonintrusive, faster and cheaper methods for in situ estimation of fish biomass. This article summarizes the development of these nonintrusive methods for fish biomass estimation over the past three decades and presents their basic concepts and principles. The strengths and weaknesses of each method are analysed and future research directions are also presented. Studies show that the applications of information technology such as advanced sensors and communication technologies have great significance to accelerate the development of new means and techniques for more effective biomass estimation. However, the accuracy and intelligence still need to be improved to meet intensive aquaculture requirements. Through close cooperation between fisheries experts and engineers, the precision and the level of intelligence for fish biomass estimation will be further improved based on the above methods.
Canopy thinning, not agricultural history, determines early responses of wild bees to longleaf pine savanna restoration
Authors: Odanaka Katherine , Gibbs Jason , Turley Nash E. , Isaacs Rufus , Brudvig Lars A.
Published: October 2019

Longleaf pine savannas are highly threatened, fire‐maintained ecosystems unique to the southeastern United States. Fire suppression and conversion to agriculture have strongly affected this ecosystem, altering overstory canopies, understory plant communities, and animal populations. Tree thinning to reinstate open canopies can benefit understory plant diversity, but effects on animal communities are less well understood. Moreover, agricultural land‐use legacies can have long‐lasting impacts on plant communities, but their effects on animal communities either alone or through interactions with restoration are unclear. Resolving these impacts is important due to the conservation potential of fire‐suppressed and post‐agricultural longleaf savannas. We evaluated how historical agricultural land use and canopy thinning affect the diversity and abundance of wild bees in longleaf pine savannas. We employed a replicated, large‐scale factorial block experiment in South Carolina, where canopy thinning was applied to longleaf pine savannas that were either post‐agricultural or remnant (no agricultural history). Bees were sampled using elevated bee bowls. In the second growing season after restoration, thinned plots supported a greater bee abundance and bee community richness. Additionally, restored plots had altered wild bee community composition when compared to unthinned plots, indicating that reduction of canopy cover by the thinning treatment best predicted wild bee diversity and composition. Conversely, we found little evidence for differences between sites with or without historical agricultural land use. Some abundant Lasioglossum species were the most sensitive to habitat changes. Our results highlight how restoration practices that reduce canopy cover in fire‐suppressed savannas can have rapid benefits for wild bee communities.
Catherine de Medici’s grandmotherhood: the building of emotional and political intergenerational relationships
Authors: Paranque Estelle
Published: October 2019

Catherine de Medici’s role in the French government as a queen consort, regent and political adviser has been thoroughly studied. Notwithstanding her evil reputation, which scholars have lately reassessed, Catherine was a talented and skilful politician who wrote thousands of letters to maintain her own and her sons’ authority both inside and outside of France.

This paper aims to shed new light on Catherine’s complex representations and augment the existing historiography on her life. In addition to being an influential political figure, Catherine gave birth to ten children, some of whom subsequently produced children of their own. The paper focuses on the political significance of her grandmotherhood and how she used it to exercise political agency outside the borders of her realm by reviewing the letters she sent to her Franco‐Spanish granddaughters, the Spanish ambassador and other people who were intimately involved in her granddaughters’ lives, as well as other key sources. This analysis not only reveals a new image of Catherine – that of a caring grandmother rather than an evil, power‐hungry mother – but also highlights her close involvement in her granddaughters’ lives and the influence she was able to exert over the next generation of women in her family.
Consociationalism and Centripetalism: Friends or Foes?
Authors: Bogaards Matthijs
Published: October 2019

Two schools dominate the literature on democracy in divided societies: consociationalism and centripetalism. The first advocates group representation and power sharing while the second recommends institutions that promote multi‐ethnic parties. Although often presented as mutually exclusive choices, in reality many new democracies display a mix. Drawing on the experiences of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Burundi, Fiji, Lebanon, Malaysia, and Northern Ireland, this article examines the empirical and theoretical relationship between centripetalism and consociationalism. The aim is to explore the conditions under which they reinforce each other (friends) or work at cross‐purposes (foes). A better understanding of the interaction between consociational and centripetal elements in post‐conflict societies not only yields a more nuanced picture of institutional dynamics, but also holds lessons for institutional design.
A fast quadtree‐based terrain crack locating method that accounts for adjacency relationships
Authors: Li Chengming , Zhao Zhanjie , Sun Wei , Liu Zhendong
Published: October 2019

The repair of terrain cracks is an important process in multi‐resolution three‐dimensional terrain visualization, and rapid and accurate pinpointing of cracks between terrain blocks is of the utmost importance for this process. The existing quadtree‐based crack locating methods are generally slow and inefficient, as they require the traversal of terrain quadtrees to locate terrain cracks. In this research, we propose a fast quadtree‐based terrain crack locating method that accounts for adjacency information. First, terrain quadtrees are constructed that contain information regarding adjacency relationships. Second, dynamic updating is performed for terrain quadtrees and their adjacency information. Finally, terrain cracks are located by using the adjacencies of the quadtree nodes. This proposed method was experimentally validated via the terrain data of a mountainous region in Sichuan Province. The experimental results indicate that the proposed method can be used to efficiently and accurately locate terrain cracks with a strong performance in practical applications.
Independent origin of MIRNA genes controlling homologous target genes by partial inverted duplication of antisense‐transcribed sequences
Authors: Gramzow Lydia , Lobbes Dajana , Innard Nathan , Theißen Günter
Published: October 2019

Some microRNAs (miRNAs) are key regulators of developmental processes, mainly by controlling the accumulation of transcripts encoding transcription factors that are important for morphogenesis. MADS‐box genes encode a family of transcription factors which control diverse developmental processes in flowering plants. Here we study the convergent evolution of two MIRNA (MIR) gene families, named MIR444 and MIR824, targeting members of the same clade of MIKCC‐group MADS‐box genes. We show that these two MIR genes most likely originated independently in monocots (MIR444) and in Brassicales (eudicots, MIR824). We provide evidence that, in both cases, the future target gene was transcribed in antisense prior to the evolution of the MIR genes. Both MIR genes then likely originated by a partial inverted duplication of their target genes, resulting in natural antisense organization of the newly evolved MIR gene and its target gene at birth. We thus propose a model for the origin of MIR genes, MEPIDAS (MicroRNA Evolution by Partial Inverted Duplication of Antisense‐transcribed Sequences). MEPIDAS is a refinement of the inverted duplication hypothesis. According to MEPIDAS, a MIR gene evolves at a genomic locus at which the future target gene is also transcribed in the antisense direction. A partial inverted duplication at this locus causes the antisense transcript to fold into a stem–loop structure that is recognized by the miRNA biogenesis machinery to produce a miRNA that regulates the gene at this locus. Our analyses exemplify how to elucidate the origin of conserved miRNAs by comparative genomics and will guide future studies.

Open Research Badge

This article has earned an Open Data Badge for making publicly available the digitally‐shareable data necessary to reproduce the reported results. The data is available at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genbank/
Actin‐spectrin scaffold supports open fenestrae in liver sinusoidal endothelial cells
Authors: Zapotoczny Bartlomiej , Braet Filip , Kus Edyta , Ginda‐Mäkelä Katarzyna , Klejevskaja Beata , Campagna Roberto , Chlopicki Stefan , Szymonski Marek
Published: October 2019

Fenestrae are open transmembrane pores that are a structural hallmark of healthy liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs). Their key role is the transport of solutes and macromolecular complexes between the sinusoidal lumen and the space of Disse. To date, the biochemical nature of the cytoskeleton elements that surround the fenestrae and sieve plates in LSECs remain largely elusive. Herein, we took advantage of the latest developments in atomic force imaging and super‐resolution fluorescence nanoscopy to define the organization of the supramolecular complex(es) that surround the fenestrae. Our data revealed that spectrin, together with actin, lines the inner cell membrane and provided direct structural support to the membrane‐bound pores. We conclusively demonstrated that diamide and iodoacetic acid (IAA) affect fenestrae number by destabilizing the LSEC actin‐spectrin scaffold. Furthermore, IAA induces rapid and repeatable switching between the open vs closed state of the fenestrae, indicating that the spectrin‐actin complex could play an important role in controlling the pore number. Our results suggest that spectrin functions as a key regulator in the structural preservation of the fenestrae, and as such, it might serve as a molecular target for altering transendothelial permeability.
Twenty‐five years later: has ISBT 128 fulfilled its promise?
Authors: Distler Pat , Ashford Paul
Published: October 2019

Traceability is essential to any quality program for medical products of human origin (MPHO). Standardized terminology, coding, and labeling systems that include key elements for traceability support electronically readable information on product labels and improve the accuracy and efficiency of data collection. ISBT 128 is such a system. The first specification for ISBT 128 was published 25 years ago, and since that time it has become the global standard for labeling and information transfer for MPHO. Additionally, standardization of granular product description codes has supported hemovigilance and other activities that depend on aggregated data. This review looks back over the development, current status, and potential future applications of the ISBT 128 Standard.
Efficacy of therapeutic plasma exchange in reducing the incidence of recurrent pancreatitis related to familial chylomicronemia
Authors: Fitts Eric , Lee Phillip D. K. , Yates Sean G.
Published: October 2019

BACKGROUND

Familial chylomicronemia syndrome (FCS) is caused by a genetic defect in triglyceride (TG) metabolism that leads to severe hypertriglyceridemia, which in turn is associated with multiple morbidities and may cause severe pancreatitis that is both recurrent and progressive. Management of hypertriglyceridemia in FCS is challenging, as both dietary and medical interventions are often ineffective. Therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) has been shown to rapidly decrease circulating levels of chylomicrons and TGs in patients presenting with acute hypertriglyceridemic‐associated pancreatitis. Conversely, limited evidence exists to suggest that prophylactic use of TPE is effective at preventing recurrence of acute pancreatitis.

CASE REPORT

Herein, we report our experience with the use of chronic, prophylactic TPE to reduce the incidence of recurrent acute pancreatitis in a patient with FCS.
Mutation and methylation status of KIT and TP53 in canine cutaneous and subcutaneous mast cell tumours
Authors: Vozdova Miluse , Kubickova Svatava , Fictum Petr , Cernohorska Halina , Fröhlich Jan , Rubes Jiri
Published: October 2019

Cutaneous and subcutaneous mast cell tumours (MCTs) are counted among the most frequent cancers in dogs. However, the genetic aetiology of their development is still mostly unknown, with the exception of KIT and tumor protein p53 (TP53) mutations reported in less than a half of cutaneous MCTs. In subcutaneous MCTs, no gene alterations were previously detected. We analysed KIT and TP53 mutations in cutaneous and subcutaneous MCTs, and identified methylated CpG sites in KIT and TP53 promoters and adjacent exon 1 regions. The mutation analysis focused on KIT exons 8, 9 and 11, and TP53 exons 5‐8, and revealed mutations in 26% and 7% cutaneous MCT cases, respectively. Moreover, we report a first case of KIT mutation ever detected in subcutaneous MCTs. KIT exon 11 mutations and high Kiupel and Patnaik grades were associated with reduced survival in this study. Both KIT and TP53 gene were generally unmethylated in canine cutaneous MCTs. A sporadic methylation of the CpG positions in KIT promoter and adjacent exon 1 was detected in 70.4% of cutaneous and 82% of subcutaneous MCTs. A sporadic methylation of the CpG positions in the TP53 promoter and exon 1 was observed in 36.8% of the analysed cutaneous MCT samples. Only in two subcutaneous MCTs, we observed more than 30% of clones showing KIT methylation at the CpG positions 13 or 14. The CpG position 14 is involved in a predicted binding site for Sp1 transcription factor. However, the significance of KIT promoter methylation at this specific position needs further evaluation.
A preoperative bupivacaine retrobulbar block offers superior antinociception compared with an intraoperative splash block in dogs undergoing enucleation
Authors: Zibura Ashley E. , Posner Lysa P. , Ru Hongyu , Westermeyer Hans D.
Published: October 2019

Purpose

Investigate nociception differences in dogs undergoing enucleation administered bupivacaine either via preoperative retrobulbar block (pRB) or intraoperative splash block (iSB).

Methods

Prospective, randomized, double‐masked, clinical comparison study. Dogs undergoing unilateral enucleation were randomized to two groups: one received bupivacaine pRB and saline iSB of the same volume, and the other received saline pRB and bupivacaine iSB. The following intraoperative parameters were recorded: heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), end‐tidal CO2 (EtCO2); systolic, mean, and diastolic arterial blood pressure (SAP, MAP, and DAP respectively); inspired end‐tidal isoflurane concentration (EtISOIns), and expired end‐tidal isoflurane concentration (EtISOExp). Pain scores were recorded pre‐ and postoperatively. Analgesic rescue was documented. Surgical hemorrhage and postoperative bruising and swelling were graded subjectively by the surgeon (HDW) and study coordinator (AEZ).

Results

A significant (P = .0399) increase from baseline in overall mean heart rate was recorded in iSB bupivacaine patients (n = 11) compared with pRB bupivacaine patients (n = 11), with no significant differences in other intraoperative physiologic parameters, or pain scores. More analgesic rescue events occurred in iSB bupivacaine patients compared to pRB bupivacaine patients. A near‐significant increase in intraoperative bleeding (P = .0519), and a significant increase in bruising (P = .0382) and swelling (P = .0223) was noted in the iSB bupivacaine group.

Conclusions

Preoperative retrobulbar block bupivacaine is more effective than an iSB bupivacaine at controlling both intraoperative and postoperative nociception in dogs undergoing enucleation. Additionally, iSB causes more postoperative bruising and swelling and may be associated with increased intraoperative hemorrhage.