bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Acute Type A Aortic Dissection Surgery Performed by Aortic Specialists Improves 2-Year Outcomes
Authors: Bin Mahmood Syed Usman , Mori Makoto , Geirsson Arnar , Elefteriades John A. , Mangi Abeel A.
Published: July 2019

Objective In patients presenting with acute Type A aortic dissections (ATADs), the authors sought to evaluate whether emergent aortic operations performed by cardiac surgeons with different level of aortic surgery experience can impact perioperative outcomes and survival.

Methods A single-center review of 102 patients who underwent aortic surgeries for ATAD was conducted. The cohort was divided into those operated on by aortic specialists (AS:3 surgeons) and non-AS (5 surgeons). Multivariable logistic regression and Cox proportional hazard models were fitted to evaluate associations between the surgeon experience, perioperative outcomes, and survival, respectively.

Results Of 102 patients, 60 were operated on by AS and 42 were operated on by non-AS. Overall 30-day mortality was 11 (10.8%) with 4 (6.6%) perioperative deaths in the AS group and 7 (16.6%) among the non-AS group (p = 0.2). AS performed a significantly higher number of root replacement procedures (41.6% vs. 23.8%, respectively, p = 0.049) and employed more frequent adjunct cerebral perfusion during circulatory arrest (p = 0.003). Survival analysis indicated AS status was an independent predictor of improved 2-year survival (hazard ratio: 0.37, 95% confidence interval: 0.15–0.92, p = 0.03).

Conclusion Operation by AS for ATAD was associated with reduced adjusted risk of 2-year mortality. This adds support for establishing thoracic aortic emergency call teams staffed by AS.
Validation of Duplex Ultrasound Graft Surveillance in the Immediate Postoperative Period
Authors: Argyriou Christos , Georgiadis George S.
Published: July 2019

A femoral crossover polytetrafluoroethylene graft was performed in a patient immediately, after a failed iliac endograft limb recanalization, performed 2 years after endovascular aortic aneurysm repair. Although graft patency was confirmed clinically by palpation of groin pulses as well as noninvasively by segmental pressure measurements and Doppler examination, in the immediate postoperative period, duplex ultrasound failed to show any blood flow inside the graft lumen until the fourth postoperative day. Subcutaneous air and air tapped within the wall structure of the graft are possible explanation for the failure to show flow.
Rhodium(III)-Catalyzed Cyclopropanation of Unactivated Olefins Initiated by C–H Activation
Authors: Phipps Erik J. T. , Piou Tiffany , Rovis Tomislav
Published: July 2019

We have developed a rhodium(III)-catalyzed cyclopropanation of unactivated olefins initiated by an alkenyl C–H activation. A variety of 1,1-disubstituted olefins undergo efficient cyclopropanation with a slight excess of alkene stoichiometry. A series of mechanistic interrogations implicate a metal carbene as an intermediate.
Optic Neuropathy, Secondary to Ethmoiditis, and Onodi Cell Inflammation during Childhood: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Mazzurco Marina , Pavone Piero , Di Luca Milena , Smilari Pierluigi , Pustorino Elena , Fiumara Agata , Di Mauro Paola , Greco Filippo , Cocuzza Salvatore
Published: July 2019

Optic neuropathy consists of several etiological events. The primary etiologies of its acute form include optic neuritis, ischemic optic neuropathy, inflammatory (nondemyelinating) disorders, and trauma. Its subacute and chronic forms are most often linked to compressive, toxic, nutritional, or hereditary-genetic causes. Visual loss, dyschromatopsia, and visual field defects are the presenting symptoms. The Onodi cell (sphenoethmoidal air cell) is an anatomic variant located laterally and superior to the sphenoid sinus; it is closely related to the optic nerve. Onodi cell disorders are rare and may be unnoticed in differential diagnoses of patients with ocular and neurological manifestations. Here, we present the case of a 12-year-old boy with headache and acute loss of sight characterized by hemianopsia in the left eye and retrobulbar optic neuropathy caused by left sphenoethmoidal sinusitis with the presence of Onodi cell inflammation. The diagnosis was confirmed by multilayered paranasal computed tomography and cerebral magnetic resonance imaging. Therapeutic treatment resulted in gradual improvement: at the 2-week follow-up, the patient no longer had headaches and his visual acuity returned to normal. Inflammation of Onodi cells should be considered in children with headache and abnormal vision.
Development of a gated X-ray imager with multiple views and spectral selectivity for observing plasma evolution in hohlraums
Authors: Wang Qiangqiang , Deng Bo , Cao Zhurong , Chen Tao , Deng Keli
Published: July 2019

In the study of indirect drive Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF), X-ray images through the laser entrance hole of the hohlraums can provide key information. In this paper, we present the advances on the development of a gated X-ray imager with multiple views and spectral selectivity. A diagnostic snout which contains four X-ray planar mirrors has been designed and coupled to a gated X-ray detector which includes an air box and has a spatial resolution better than 35 µm and a temporal resolution better than 70 ps. The two inner mirrors in the diagnostic snout operate at M band (1.6–3.5 keV), while the two outer mirrors operate at N band (0.5–1 keV). The four mirrors define four observation angles. Each mirror can reflect 4 X-ray images to the four microstrips of the gated X-ray detector with almost the same observation angle. The imager enables us to observe the spatial and temporal evolution of plasma in the hohlraums from four different observation angles based on both N band and M band images. The imager has been used in the ICF experiments conducted at Shenguang laser facility in China, and the obtained X-ray images of Au cylindrical hohlraum are presented and discussed in this paper.
Embedded control system for mobile atom interferometers
Authors: Malek Bola S. , Pagel Zachary , Wu Xuejian , Müller Holger
Published: July 2019

Atom interferometers require precise control of digital, analog, and radio frequency signals for effective operation. In this paper, we propose and implement a control system for mobile atom interferometers. The system consists of a microcontroller and peripherals to synthesize radio frequency signals and to read or write analog signals. We use the system to operate a mobile atomic gravimeter by controlling 7 analog outputs, 16 digital outputs, 2 radio frequency channels, and 1 analog input. Our control system eliminates dead time between repetitions of the measurement and, consequently, improves the sampling rate of our atomic gravimeter, while maintaining the sensitivity per repetition compared to the system based on a desktop computer.
Discrete quantum levels and Zeeman splitting in ultra-thin gold-nanowire quantum dots
Authors: Moriyama Satoshi , Morita Yoshifumi , Yoshihira Masanori , Kura Hiroaki , Ogawa Tomoyuki , Maki Hideyuki
Published: July 2019

We fabricate ultrathin gold nanowires (AuNWs) by means of a wet-chemical synthesis involving a reduction reaction. Our low-temperature transport measurements reveal the presence of the Coulomb-blockade effect and the formation of discrete quantum levels in an individual AuNW. We also observe the Zeeman splitting of the quantum levels in AuNW quantum dots under the application of magnetic fields via single-electron transport measurements using excitation spectroscopy. Our experimental results indicate that spin–orbit coupling strongly suppresses the estimated g-factor.
Development of a high-temperature micromechanics stage with a novel temperature measurement approach
Authors: Arigela V. G. , Oellers T. , Ludwig A. , Kirchlechner C. , Dehm G.
Published: July 2019

The study of mechanical properties of materials at high temperatures at the microstructural length regime requires dedicated setups for testing. Despite the advances in the instrumentation in these setups over the last decade, further optimization is required in order to extend the temperature range well-beyond 600 °C. Particularly, an improvement of the contact temperature measurement is required. A design with a novel approach of temperature measurement with independent tip and sample heating is developed to characterize materials at high temperatures. This design is realized by modifying a displacement controlled room temperature microstraining rig with the addition of two miniature hot stages, one each carrying the sample and indenter tip. The sample reaches temperatures of >600 °C with a 50 W diode laser system. The stages have slots for the working sample as well as a reference sample on both ends for precise temperature measurements, relying on the symmetry of the stage toward the ends. The whole setup is placed inside a custom-made steel chamber, capable of attaining a vacuum of 10−4 Pa. Alternatively, the apparatus can be operated under environmental conditions by applying various gases. Here, the unique design and its high temperature capabilities will be presented together with the first results of microtension experiments on freestanding copper thin films at 400 °C.
Optical rectification in a reconfigurable resistive switching filament
Authors: Oller Declan , Osgood Richard , Xu Jimmy , Fernandes Gustavo E.
Published: July 2019

We demonstrate optical rectification in a reconfigurable and relatively simple nanoscopic tunneling junction formed via resistive switching. In optical rectification, electrons must keep up with the rapid oscillations of an illuminating optical field and harness the nonlinearities of a tunneling contact to produce the desired DC field. Among the intrinsic requirements for such devices are tunneling junctions with an exceedingly small capacitance and surface area. In contrast to tunneling junctions formed by different methods, the resistive switching approach explored here allows the system to be tuned, set, and reset via the application of DC electric fields. This makes it ideally suitable for exploring optical rectification phenomena under different tunneling conditions and for dynamically tuning the device's responsivity. This “on-the-go” tunability opens the possibility for adaptive devices, such as ultrafast photon detectors, wireless power transmitters, and energy harvesting systems.
Deeper insight into lifetime-engineering in 4H-SiC by ion implantation
Authors: Erlekampf J. , Kallinger B. , Weiße J. , Rommel M. , Berwian P. , Friedrich J. , Erlbacher T.
Published: July 2019

Lifetime-engineering in 4H-SiC is important to obtain a low forward voltage drop in bipolar devices with high blocking voltages above 10 kV. It is known that the implantation of carbon and subsequent thermal annealing can be used to improve the minority carrier lifetime of as-grown epitaxial layers due to annihilation of carbon vacancies and, therefore, reduce the lifetime limiting defect Z1/2. In this paper, the ion implantation of other ions (N, Al, B, and As) besides carbon and their impact on minority carrier lifetime and point defect concentration are shown. Special attention is paid to the effect of ion implantation with subsequent electrical activation by high temperature annealing. A strong influence of the implantation dose and, therefore, corresponding resulting doping concentration was found. A lifetime enhancement could be found for some implanted species for higher implantation doses whereas the detrimental effect of high temperature annealing dominated at low implantation doses. The results reveal that the implantation dose and the occupied lattice sites are important parameters to achieve a lifetime enhancement. A model is presented which explains the different impacts of various implanted ions and a more detailed understanding of lifetime-engineering by ion implantation. With this knowledge, it was possible to reduce the detrimental Z1/2 defect in a large part of thick epitaxial layers with conventional shallow ion implantation and high temperature annealing. Consequently, the minority carrier lifetimes of the epitaxial layers could be enhanced.
Structural and magnetic phase transitions along with optical properties in GdMn1-xFexO3 perovskite
Authors: Tiwari Priyanka , Kumar Sandeep , Rath Chandana
Published: July 2019

Herein, we report the structural evolution and the rich sequence of magnetic transitions in GdMn1–xFexO3 (x = 0, 0.3, and 0.5) synthesized through the sol-gel technique. Rietveld refinement of X-ray diffraction patterns reveals a structural transformation from O′ to O type orthorhombic one accompanied with a decrease in lattice volume when x increases from 0 to 0.5. The decrease in lattice volume is due to the presence of Mn4+ confirmed from X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and photoluminescence (PL) studies. Such a structural transformation considerably reduces the Jahn-Teller distortion factor as indicated by Raman and PL spectra. The temperature dependent magnetization shows an increase in Néel temperature (TN) from ∼42 K for pristine GdMnO3 to almost room temperature for x = 0.5. Interestingly, we observe a spin reorientation temperature (TSR) at ∼270 and ∼253 K for x = 0.3 and 0.5, respectively. The mixed valency of Mn, i.e., Mn3+ and Mn4+ not only demonstrates a spin-glass (SG) behavior but also contributes toward the strong emission spectra irrespective of Fe concentration. The structural and magnetic properties of GdMnO3 after doping Fe suggest a possible way to achieve a better magnetoelectric coupling and modify the multiferroic property.
EOS-LNG: A Fundamental Equation of State for the Calculation of Thermodynamic Properties of Liquefied Natural Gases
Authors: Thol Monika , Richter Markus , May Eric F. , Lemmon Eric W. , Span Roland
Published: July 2019

A new mixture model (EOS-LNG) for the accurate representation of thermodynamic property data of multicomponent natural gas mixtures in the liquid state is presented. The mathematical approach of the GERG-2008 equation of state of Kunz and Wagner is adopted and new binary-specific functions for methane + n-butane, methane + isobutane, methane + n-pentane, and methane + isopentane are developed. The representation of all experimental data available in the literature for the corresponding binary systems is carefully analyzed so that these functions can also be applied at fluid states beyond the liquefied natural gas (LNG) region. The EOS-LNG represents all available binary and multicomponent data in the LNG region within their specified experimental uncertainty, which is significantly more accurate than the GERG-2008 model. The main focus was given to the representation of new density data measured between 100 K and 180 K with a maximum pressure of 10 MPa. Deviations from the EOS-LNG presented here do not exceed 0.02% for binary data and 0.05% for multicomponent systems. Deviations of calculated values of these data from experimental data in other fluid regions are similar to or better than those calculated with the GERG-2008 model.
Five approaches to exact open-system dynamics: Complete positivity, divisibility, and time-dependent observables
Authors: Reimer V. , Wegewijs M. R. , Nestmann K. , Pletyukhov M.
Published: July 2019

To extend the classical concept of Markovianity to an open quantum system, different notions of the divisibility of its dynamics have been introduced. Here, we analyze this issue by five complementary approaches: equations of motion, real-time diagrammatics, Kraus-operator sums, as well as time-local and nonlocal (Nakajima-Zwanzig) quantum master equations. As a case study featuring several types of divisible dynamics, we examine in detail an exactly solvable noninteracting fermionic resonant level coupled arbitrarily strongly to a fermionic bath at an arbitrary temperature in the wideband limit. In particular, the impact of divisibility on the time-dependence of the observable level occupation is investigated and compared with typical Markovian approximations. We find that the loss of semigroup-divisibility is accompanied by a prominent reentrant behavior: Counter to intuition, the level occupation may temporarily increase significantly in order to reach a stationary state with smaller occupation, implying a reversal of the measurable transport current. In contrast, the loss of the so-called completely positive divisibility is more subtly signaled by the prohibition of such current reversals in specific time-intervals. Experimentally, it can be detected in the family of transient currents obtained by varying the initial occupation. To quantify the nonzero footprint left by the system in its effective environment, we determine the exact time-dependent state of the latter as well as related information measures such as entropy, exchange entropy, and coherent information.
A strategy to boost external quantum efficiency of organic light-emitting transistors
Authors: Cho Seong-Yong , Kim Sei-Yong , Jeon Sohee , Choi Rino , Lee Jeong-Hwan
Published: July 2019

Organic light-emitting transistors (OLETs) have emerged as promising light-emitting electronics, combining the functions of a transistor and a diode in a single device. OLETs typically possess outstanding electrical properties but have inefficient optical properties. Here, based on optical simulations, a strategy of how to improve the light output as well as reduce optical energy losses in OLETs is performed. The results reveal that the main optical energy losses occur via the waveguide mode by the organic layers and through absorption by the gate material. These energy losses in OLETs can be significantly reduced by appropriately adjusting the thicknesses and refractive indices of the transporting layers as well as those of the gate materials. This device design opens perspectives in the development of the efficiency of OLETs as high as 40% of external quantum efficiency.
Effects of flexibility and entanglement of sodium hyaluronate in solutions on the entry flow in micro abrupt contraction-expansion channels
Authors: Hidema Ruri , Oka Taiki , Komoda Yoshiyuki , Suzuki Hiroshi
Published: July 2019

In this study, the effects of polymer flexibility and entanglement on elastic instability were investigated by observing sodium hyaluronate (hyaluronic acid sodium salt, Na-HA) solution in planar abrupt contraction-expansion microchannels. As the rigidity of Na-HA depends on the ionic strength of a solvent, Na-HA was dissolved in water and phosphate buffered saline with concentrations from 0.15 wt. % to 0.45 wt. %. The rheological properties were measured and analyzed to detect the Na-HA overlap and entanglement concentrations. The flow regimes of the Na-HA solutions in several planar abrupt contraction-expansion channels were characterized in the Reynolds number and Weissenberg number space. The effects of the solvent, solution concentration, and channel geometry on the elastic corner vortex growth curve and flow regimes characterized by the Weissenberg number were analyzed. It was found that the entanglement of Na-HA in the solution is a more dominant factor affecting the flow regimes than the solution relaxation time and polymer rigidity.
A new mechanism of energy dissipation in nanomechanical resonators due to the Casimir force
Authors: Chen Siyu , Yang Weidong , Song Jie , Guo Fenglin
Published: July 2019

In this study, we report a new energy dissipation mechanism of nanomechanical resonators due to the Casimir effect originating from quantum fluctuation of the vacuum electromagnetic field at the nanoscale. An analytical study on the evaluation of the Casimir effect-induced energy loss in nanobeam resonators undergoing in-plane flexural vibration is presented. Two-dimensional elastic wave theory is employed to determine the energy transmission from the vibrating resonator to the substrate. Fourier transform and Green's function technique are adopted to solve the problem of wave motions on the surface of the substrate excited by the Casimir force. Analytical expressions of the Casimir effect-induced energy loss in terms of the quality factor, taking into account both pressure wave propagation in the noncontact substrate and shear wave propagation in the supporting substrate, as well as linear and nonlinear terms of time-varying Casimir force, have been derived. Effects of beam geometry, initial separation gap, and structural boundary conditions on energy loss are examined. Results of the present study demonstrate that the Casimir effect-induced energy loss plays an important role in the dissipation of the nanobeam resonators, in which the influence of shear wave propagation is remarkable. Also, as reflected by our results, the influence of nonlinear terms of time-varying Casimir force on the energy dissipation cannot be neglected for large-amplitude vibration, which is obviously a feature of nonlinear damping. Furthermore, we propose a possible way to experimentally measure the Casimir force by using the energy dissipation mechanism due to the Casimir force.
Diffusion regions and 3D energy mode development in spontaneous reconnection
Authors: Wang Shuoyang , Yokoyama Takaaki
Published: July 2019

The understanding of magnetic reconnection in three-dimensions (3D) is far shallower than its counterpart in two-dimensions due to its potential complication, not to mention the evolving of the spontaneously growing turbulence. We investigate the reason for reconnection acceleration on the characters and development of diffusion regions and sheared 3D energy modes (energy modes that are not parallel to the antiparallel magnetic fields) during the turbulence building stage. We found that multiple reconnection layers emerge due to the growth of 3D sheared tearing instability. Diffusion regions in adjacent reconnection layers form an inflow-outflow coupling that enhances the local reconnection. Further coupling of the existing energy modes breeds new energy modes near the current sheet edge. As reconnection layers span and interact with each other across the whole current sheet, global magnetic energy consumption accelerates. The significant contribution of 3D energy modes and their interaction to the reconnection rate enhancement seems to be independent of magnetic diffusivity. On the other hand, the global guide field changes the layout of the 3D reconnection layer and thus determines whether the system is fast-reconnection-preferable.
Wide-band parametric amplifier readout and resolution of optical microwave kinetic inductance detectors
Authors: Zobrist Nicholas , Eom Byeong Ho , Day Peter , Mazin Benjamin A. , Meeker Seth R. , Bumble Bruce , LeDuc Henry G. , Coiffard Grégoire , Szypryt Paul , Fruitwala Neelay , Lipartito Isabel , Bockstiegel Clint
Published: July 2019

The energy resolution of a single photon counting microwave kinetic inductance detector can be degraded by noise coming from the primary low temperature amplifier in the detector's readout system. Until recently, quantum limited amplifiers have been incompatible with these detectors due to the dynamic range, power, and bandwidth constraints. However, we show that a kinetic inductance based traveling-wave parametric amplifier can be used for this application and reaches the quantum limit. The total system noise for this readout scheme was equal to ∼2.1 in units of quanta. For incident photons in the 800–1300 nm range, the amplifier increased the average resolving power of the detector from ∼6.7 to 9.3 at which point the resolution becomes limited by noise on the pulse height of the signal. Noise measurements suggest that a resolving power of up to 25 is possible if the redesigned detectors can remove this additional noise source.
A facile one-pot synthesis of Fe2Si nanoparticles attached SWCNTs for enhanced electromagnetic wave absorption performance
Authors: Yan H. M. , Yan M. H. , Zhang Y. F. , Zhu T. X. , Yu L. M. , Liu Y. , Maruyama T. , Zhao X. L.
Published: July 2019

Fe2Si nanoparticles attached single-walled carbon nanotubes (Fe2Si-SWCNTs) have been mass produced by a direct current arc discharge in H2/Ar. The Fe2Si-SWCNTs nanocomposites with different Si-Fe ingredient atomic ratios have a network nanostructure and provide good electrical conductivity and impedance matching. The relative complex permittivity and permeability can be adjusted by synergetic interactions between Fe2Si nanoparticles and SWCNTs in the frequency range of 2–18 GHz. The reflection loss of Fe2Si-SWCNTs nanocomposites reaches −49.9 dB at 8.08 GHz when the filler loading is only 20 wt. % in paraffin, and the effective absorption bandwidth is up to 4.32 GHz (5.92–10.24 GHz) corresponding to a thickness of 3.4 mm. This work not only paves the way for practical application of SWCNTs but also provides a kind of efficient electromagnetic wave absorber.
Syringe infusion pump with absolute piston displacement control
Authors: Ong Jian Wern , Chung Dwayne Chung Kim , Lin Eric Shen , Abid Hassan Ali , Liew Oi Wah , Ng Tuck Wah
Published: July 2019

A vast majority of syringe pumps operate on stepper motors, which limits their effectiveness for precision fluid delivery using estimation algorithms. Such a system also hampers the ability to ascertain if the infusion or aspiration instruction has been correctly carried out in the event of power interruptions. To address this issue, a linear servo based actuator system is described to provide absolute indications of the plunger position. System performance in terms of linearity and reliability of plunger translation were verified using a camera tracking system with syringe capacities ranging from 3 to 50 ml and at syringe plunger speeds ranging from 1 to 6.6 mm/s when distilled water was used as the medium. In investigations involving more viscous liquids, the system revealed similarly linear characteristics with 50% glycerol-water (v/v), but cyclical stick-slip behavior with Freund’s adjuvant.
Quantum impurity models coupled to Markovian and non-Markovian baths
Authors: Schiro Marco , Scarlatella Orazio
Published: July 2019

We develop a method to study quantum impurity models, small interacting quantum systems bilinearly coupled to an environment, in the presence of an additional Markovian quantum bath, with a generic nonlinear coupling to the impurity. We aim at computing the evolution operator of the reduced density matrix of the impurity, obtained after tracing out all the environmental degrees of freedom. First, we derive an exact real-time hybridization expansion for this quantity, which generalizes the result obtained in the absence of the additional Markovian dissipation and which could be amenable to stochastic sampling through diagrammatic Monte Carlo. Then, we obtain a Dyson equation for this quantity and we evaluate its self-energy with a resummation technique known as the noncrossing approximation. We apply this novel approach to a simple fermionic impurity coupled to a zero temperature fermionic bath and in the presence of Markovian pump, losses, and dephasing.
A multibeam metamaterial backward wave oscillator
Authors: Seidfaraji Hamide , Elfrgani Ahmed , Christodoulou Christos , Schamiloglu Edl
Published: July 2019

Microwave sources transform the kinetic energy of an electron beam into microwaves through the interaction of electrons with a periodic slow wave structure (SWS). A metamaterial (MTM) waveguide is proposed for use in a microwave oscillator instead of a conventional periodic SWS that has been used for a long time to generate high power microwave radiation. MTMs have interesting properties such as the negative refractive index, low group velocity, and below cutoff propagation, among others. In this work, we study the interaction of a multibeam cathode with a set of MTM structures inside a cylindrical waveguide. We developed a structure comprising a number of MTM metallic plates that have periodicity in the axial direction and are repeated in the azimuthal coordinate. Using eigenmode simulations, we obtained negative dispersion around the operating frequency where the group velocity is negative and extremely small. The fully electromagnetic, relativistic particle-in-cell codes MAGIC and CST Particle Studio and the fully electromagnetic software tool CST Microwave Studio were used to obtain the results in this study.
Short-range magnetic order and electrical behavior in epitaxial NiCo2O4 thin films
Authors: Wu Chunfang , Guo Wenzhe , Zhen Congmian , Wang Hongru , Li Guoke , Ma Li , Hou Denglu
Published: July 2019

As an electrode material with reported ferrimagnetic properties, the NiCo2O4 film exhibits critical electrical transport properties under a magnetic field as well as a magnetic microstructure. In this study, epitaxial NiCo2O4 films were prepared on LaAlO3 (100) substrates, and the effects of growth temperature on the magnetic and electrical transport properties of the films were investigated. Negative magnetoresistance was observed in the films due to the local spin effect. The NiCo2O4 films demonstrated a topological Hall effect, which is closely related to short-range magnetic order and a noncoplanar magnetic structure in NiCo2O4 films. The results indicate that there are two types of spin frustration in the NiCo2O4 structure. One is a diamond lattice composed of tetrahedral site cations, while the other is a triangular lattice structure formed by the edge-shared octahedral cations. For the NiCo2O4 (100) films, the sign of the ordinary Hall coefficient reverses by decreasing the measurement temperature, indicating that the carrier type changes from p to n.
The age of a wake
Authors: Radko Timour , Lewis David
Published: July 2019

This study attempts to quantify the decay rates of stratified wakes in active oceanic environments, characterized by the presence of intermittent turbulence and double-diffusive convection. Of particular interest is the possibility of utilizing standard oceanographic microstructure measurements as a means of wake identification and analysis. The investigation is based on a series of direct numerical simulations of wakes produced by a sphere uniformly propagating in stratified two-component fluids. We examine and compare the evolution of wakes in fluid systems that are (i) initially quiescent, (ii) double-diffusively unstable, and (iii) contain preexisting turbulence. The model diagnostics are focused primarily on the dissipation of turbulent kinetic energy (ε) and thermal variance (χ). The analysis of decay patterns of ε and χ indicates that microstructure generated by an object of D = 0.6 m in diameter moving at the speed of U = 0.02 m/s could be detected, using modern high-resolution profiling instruments, for 0.5–0.7 h. The detection period depends on environmental conditions; convective overturns are shown to be particularly effective in terms of dispersion of microscale wake signatures. The extrapolation of model results to objects of ∼10 m in diameter propagating with speeds of ∼10 m/s suggests that the microstructure-based wake detection is feasible for at least 4 h after the object’s passage through the monitored areas. The overall conclusion from our study is that the measurement of microscale signatures of turbulent wakes could represent a viable method for hydrodynamic detection of propagating submersibles.
A multiphysics analysis of the strain energy in multicellular environments
Authors: Shamoon D. , Lasquellec S. , Brosseau C.
Published: July 2019

This letter considers the strain energy distribution in cell assemblies. Our scalable model consists of N-core-shell spherical structures modeling biological cells with assumptions based on two fundamental premises. First, we use a finite element in the framework of time-domain to solve for the electrodeformation and cell electroporation when a well-defined electrical stimulus is delivered to a multicellular environment. Second, the strain-stress response of the cell assemblies is characterized by a relaxation time which is much larger than the time constant of the membrane charging. A “switch off” (corresponding to times after electrical pulsing) phenomenon observed in the strain energy signal might provide an interesting discriminant test capable of providing different information on the proximity (coupling) effect between cell and assembly anisotropy depending on the type of electrical stimulus employed. In the explicit examples we study, we learn up to date facts about how the local enhancement of the electric field, deformation of the cell, strain energy, and relative area occupied by the pores are modified by varying the intercellular distance distribution.
Anion-mediated electronic effects in reducible oxides: Tuning the valence band of ceria via fluorine doping
Authors: Kettner Miroslav , Duchoň Tomáš , Wolf Matthew J. , Kullgren Jolla , Senanayake Sanjaya D. , Hermansson Kersti , Veltruská Kateřina , Nehasil Václav
Published: July 2019

Combining experimental spectroscopy and hybrid density functional theory calculations, we show that the incorporation of fluoride ions into a prototypical reducible oxide surface, namely, ceria(111), can induce a variety of nontrivial changes to the local electronic structure, beyond the expected increase in the number of Ce3+ ions. Our resonant photoemission spectroscopy results reveal new states above, within, and below the valence band, which are unique to the presence of fluoride ions at the surface. With the help of hybrid density functional calculations, we show that the different states arise from fluoride ions in different atomic layers in the near surface region. In particular, we identify a structure in which a fluoride ion substitutes for an oxygen ion at the surface, with a second fluoride ion on top of a surface Ce4+ ion giving rise to F 2p states which overlap the top of the O 2p band. The nature of this adsorbate F−–Ce4+ resonant enhancement feature suggests that this bond is at least partially covalent. Our results demonstrate the versatility of anion doping as a potential means of tuning the valence band electronic structure of ceria.
Engineering better solar cells
Authors: Larter Raima
Published: July 2019

Selenium is used with cadmium telluride to create thin-film solar cells with substantially improved performance. Careful studies reveal how and where this improvement occurs.
How should we think about a trans-cultural hermeneutics?
Authors: Achella Stefania
Published: July 2019

One of the first modern discussions on untranslatability in philosophy, in particular in relation to Asian philosophy, is the controversy between Georg Wilhelm Hegel and Wilhelm von Humboldt. This controversy began in 1823, with the publication of August Schlegel’s translation from Sanskrit into Latin of the Bhagavad-Gītā, one of the most important poems of Indian culture. This translation generated a strong debate among German intellectuals between 1770 and 1830, not only about the difficulty of philosophical translation, but also about how to develop a trans-cultural hermeneutics. The paper reconstructs the outlines of this debate, by bringing out its inner complexity and showing how many of those problems still remain in the current intercultural debate.
Virtues and vices and parts and wholes
Authors: Heffernan George
Published: July 2019

This paper addresses a perennial controversy in virtue ethics. In Plato’s dialogue, Protagoras, Socrates argues that virtue is knowledge but doubts whether it can be taught, whereas Protagoras denies that virtue is knowledge but affirms that it can be taught. In his Nicomachean Ethics, Aristotle argues that one cannot have ethical virtue without dianoetical virtue or vice versa. In his Third Logical Investigation, Husserl distinguishes between independent parts and non-independent parts of wholes. In the first application of the phenomenological logic of parts and wholes to the relationship between ethical virtue and dianoetical virtue, this paper corroborates Aristotle’s intuition about the connection between excellence of character and excellence of mind, namely, that one cannot possess the one without the other or vice versa.
Trajectories and challenges of translating traditional Chinese medicine
Authors: Zemplén Gábor
Published: July 2019

The paper focuses on technoscientific translation of Chinese materia medica and acupuncture therapy, and the discursive strategies of inclusion and exclusion that charactise the related boundary-work. Examples from books by Joseph Needham, Simon Singh and Edzard Ernst show that the prior attitude towards the medical mertis of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) informs decisions on ranking different types of evidence, and even where evidence is shared, they can be framed differently (emphasis framing) to support endorsement or rejection of TCM. The trajectories of some translated herbal remedies (artemisinin, changsan, mahuang) of TCM show that the uptake in institutionalized biomedicine could benefit from the medical knowledge of TCM, and that not enough trust in TCM can be epistemically detrimental or ethically objectionable. Revisiting a landmark publication linking fMRI and acupuncture-research and the ensuing retraction suggests that some of the characteristic strategies employed in boundary work around TCM can hinder the scientific understanding of TCM. The cases studied give credence to the position that TCM by now is both inside and outside science as fruitful research can provide partial maps of TCM without full translation, and that demarcating TCM by framing it as fringe science is not a reasonable option.
The beleaguered filibuster of the US Senate
Authors: Ketcham Christopher
Published: July 2019

This chapter explores the debate about the debate and two procedures that US senators use to extend and close the debate: filibuster and cloture. I first outline the history of the filibuster and cloture. Within the debate about the debate are two controversies: the senate as an exclusive deliberative body, and the meaning of majority rule. I show how the exclusive deliberative body theory envisioned by James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, and George Washington has devolved to where the Senate has become more like the House. Majority rule, because of changes made to cloture, has become more like what the framers of the Constitution likely envisioned: simple majority rule.
The ruins of the political
Authors: Del Bianco Francesco
Published: July 2019

According to Carl Schmitt, the main premise of Western political thought is the idea of the “border” between “friend” and “enemy”: one’s “ownness” is always founded in its difference from the “otherness”. However, after the end of the Cold War, the Western world abandoned these categories, choosing for itself an “open identity” and the new myth of a completed universalism. As a result, the idea of “border” fell into ruin. Nevertheless, during the last Crisis the former conceptuality came back into fashion. Many political forces and opinion makers identify Globalization itself, and the universalistic vocation of our culture, as the reasons for the material and spiritual decay of the Western world: refusing to distinguish the others from us, finally we became unable to recognise ourselves. Therefore, the critics of the “open identity” propose a return to the “old borders” of the Western identity and a strong defence of its roots: The Holy Bible and the Judeo-Christian culture. The aim of this paper is to examine the problems of these controversies between the universalistic vocation and the new identity claim of the Western world, answering these questions: (1) What are the implications of ruined human artefacts and concepts? (2) How did it happen that the conceptuality of “border” fell into ruin? (3) Why is that ruined conceptuality now important again? (4) How can the Bible and the Judaic-Christian culture be useful to solve the controversy about Western identity?
How to solve controversies in scenarios of legal pluralism
Authors: Marrero Danny
Published: July 2019

In this paper I propose a method to solve controversies in scenarios of legal pluralism. Shortly, in scenarios of legal pluralism some of the controversies involve members of culturally differentiated groups who justify their allegations with arguments that only make sense in the culture to which they belong. If the adjudicator does not share the same cultural worldview as the parts under litigation, how can he/she come to make a decision determining the parties’ rights and obligations? My answer for this question includes (1) an account of knowledge to culturally differentiated groups, and (2) a method for the evaluation of the culturally-dependent arguments.
Loss of grammatical gender and language contact
Authors: Igartua Iván
Published: July 2019

Despite its alleged relative stability, grammatical gender has nevertheless been completely lost in a number of languages. Through the analysis of three case studies (Afrikaans, Ossetic, and Cappadocian Greek) and a brief survey of similar developments in other languages, this article investigates the link between the loss of gender and language contact, which appears to be a key factor in the decline of gender systems. Drawing on recent research within the framework of sociolinguistic typology, I focus on the specific influence that a particular type of language contact (namely, non-native or imperfect learning) usually exerts on the grammar of the languages being acquired. I also discuss the diachronic asymmetry between the loss and the development of gender in language contact settings: while gender loss seems to be contact-related in quite a number of cases, replication or borrowing of gender turns out to be a rather restricted or even rare phenomenon.
Reassessing the evolution of West Germanic preterite inflection
Authors: De Smet Isabeau , Van de Velde Freek
Published: July 2019

This article takes a quantitative approach to the long-term dynamics of the preterite inflection in West Germanic, with a special focus on Dutch. In a first step, we replicate two often-cited studies on English and German (Lieberman et al. 2007andCarroll et al. 2012, respectively) by looking at Dutch. This part also tackles some methodological shortcomings in the previous studies. In a second step, we delve deeper into the evolution of the preterite morphology in Dutch in the last 1200 years, by looking at several factors which have been previously only investigated in isolation or on limited time slices. Using multiple binomial regression analysis, the various factors are studied under multifactorial control.
Covert modernist techniques in Australian fiction
Authors: Tilney Martin
Published: July 2019

Peter Carey’s short storyAmerican dreams(Carey 1994 [1974]) presents a recalibration of consciousness as a small Australian town gradually becomes Americanized. The text foregrounds epistemological concerns by demonstrating a clear tendency toward delayed understanding. For this reason, I argue that the story is an instance of modernist fiction: a label not previously applied to Carey’s stories. In contrast with popular modernist techniques such as free indirect discourse and stream of consciousness, the techniques presented in the text appear to be covert, which may at least partially explain why the story has managed to avoid being labelled modernist by literary critics until now. Using analytical tools grounded in systemic functional grammar and appraisal categories, I demonstrate how linguistic analysis can lay bare the covert modernist techniques at work in the story, indicating that such an approach can be a useful complement to non-linguistic literary criticism.
A semiotics of nonexistence?
Authors: Karlander David
Published: July 2019

Spatially interested sociolinguistics has cared little about the semiotics of nonexistence. The present article
argues that the field would benefit from deepening its interest in questions of erasure and relative absence. A case in point, as
the article shows, is graffiti. By analysing some semiotic facets of the erasure of graffiti, the article brings home the point
that a semiotics of nonexistence is deeply embedded in the semiotic regimentation of space. The persistence of this condition
calls for an analytical sensitisation to less obvious forms of semiosis.
Let’s get phygital
Authors: Lyons Kate
Published: July 2019

This paper considers the interplay of physical and digital landscaping in the Mission District (‘the Mission’), a
gentrified neighborhood in San Francisco, California. Aligned with recent work on affect and people’s mediations of the linguistic
landscape (Wee, 2016; Banda & Jimaima, 2015), I examine how the Mission is
filtered – literally and figuratively – in a corpus of 16,756 Instagram posts. Comparing these digital
remediated productions of place to the physical landscape, I demonstrate how both are structured semiotically along exclusionary
lines. Contrary to the democratic and inclusive mythology of digital / social media, I show how users’ self-positionings and
elitist stancetaking (Jaworski & Thurlow, 2009; Mapes, forthcoming) effectively reinscribe privilege and reiterate gentrification of the Mission. As mining of ‘big
data’ becomes increasingly valued as empirically ‘objective’ information, my analysis demonstrates geotagged content should not be
viewed as a static indicator, but as a subjective, dynamic and – at times – problematic process.
Quebec’s new language dynamic
Authors: Castonguay Charles
Published: July 2019

Census data are used to monitor the efficiency of Bill 101 in reorienting language shift more favourably for
French. Immigration from former French colonies or Romance-language countries is shown to be the major factor driving the increase
in the share of French in the assimilation of Allophones since 1991. The schooling provisions of Bill 101 are seen to play a
significant supporting role in this respect, but not those promoting French as language of work. It is further shown that the
corresponding trend towards a greater share for French in overall assimilation has become seriously compromised by a growing
Anglicization of Francophones themselves, notably in the Montreal metropolitan area. The resulting consolidation of the
superiority of English as language of assimilation in Quebec is seen to explain in large part the emergence of a new language
dynamic since 2001, combining a record decline in relative weight of Quebec’s French-speaking majority with a mild but equally
historic increase in weight of its English-speaking minority.
L’utilisation du français dans la sphère publique
Authors: Termote Marc
Published: July 2019

Après un bref examen de certains problèmes conceptuels (partie 1), nous présentons les principales mesures
introduites par la Charte de la langue française en matière de langue de travail, de langue du commerce et des affaires, et de
langue d’affichage, et faisons état des modifications apportées depuis l’adoption de ces mesures en 1977
(partie 2). Nous analysons ensuite (partie 3) l’évolution entre 1977 et 2018 des indicateurs pertinents. En conclusion
(partie 4), nous tentons de dégager les principales implications de cette évolution.
Evaluating the impact of Bill 101 on the English-speaking communities of Quebec
Authors: Bourhis Richard Y.
Published: July 2019

Though forty years of language policies much improved the status and use of French in Quebec, laws such as Bill 101 played a role in reducing the demographic and institutional vitality of the English-speaking communities of Quebec (ESCQ). Pro-French laws maintained Francophones at close to 80% of the Quebec population and ensured that 95% of the Quebec population acquired knowledge of French. Language laws contributed to the decline of Anglophone mother tongue speakers from 13% of the population in 1971 to 7.5% in 2016, while increasing to 70% French/English bilingualism amongst Anglophones. With a net interprovincial loss of over 310,000 Anglophones who left Quebec for the rest of Canada (ROC), results show that Anglophones who stayed in Quebec are less educated and earn lower income than Quebec Francophones. Language laws limiting access to English schools succeeded in reducing the size of the English school system from 256, 251 pupils in 1971 (100%) to only 96,235 pupils in 2018 (37%). While the Anglophone minority bemoan their demographic and institutional decline in education, health care, and government services, many Francophones remains concerned about threats to French by bilingualism in Montreal and their minority status in Canada and North America.