bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Response Heterogeneity of EGFR and HER2 Exon 20 Insertions to Covalent EGFR and HER2 Inhibitors
Authors: Kosaka Takayuki , Tanizaki Junko , Paranal Raymond M. , Endoh Hideki , Lydon Christine , Capelletti Marzia , Repellin Claire E. , Choi Jihyun , Ogino Atsuko , Calles Antonio , Ercan Dalia , Redig Amanda J. , Bahcall Magda , Oxnard Geoffrey R. , Eck Michael J. , Jänne Pasi A.
Published: April 2017

Insertion mutations in EGFR and HER2 both occur at analogous positions in exon 20. Non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with tumors harboring these mutations seldom achieve clinical responses to dacomitinib and afatinib, two covalent quinazoline–based inhibitors of EGFR or HER2, respectively. In this study, we investigated the effects of specific EGFR and HER2 exon 20 insertion mutations from NSCLC patients that had clinically achieved a partial response after dacomitinib treatment. We identified Gly770 as a common feature among the drug-sensitive mutations. Structural modeling suggested that this mutation may facilitate inhibitor binding to EGFR. Introduction of Gly770 into two dacomitinib-resistant EGFR exon 20 insertion mutants restored sensitivity to dacomitinib. Based on these findings, we used afatinib to treat an NSCLC patient whose tumor harbored the HER2 V777_G778insGSP mutation and achieved a durable partial response. We further identified secondary mutations in EGFR (T790M or C797S) and HER2 (C805S) that mediated acquired drug resistance in drug-sensitive EGFR or HER2 exon 20 insertion models. Overall, our findings identified a subset of EGFR and HER2 exon 20 insertion mutations that are sensitive to existing covalent quinazoline–based EGFR/HER2 inhibitors, with implications for current clinical treatment and next-generation small-molecule inhibitors. Cancer Res; 77(10); 2712–21. ©2017 AACR.
Clinically Relevant Concentrations of Anticancer Drugs: A Guide for Nonclinical Studies
Authors: Liston Dane R. , Davis Myrtle
Published: April 2017

Approved and marketed drugs are frequently studied in nonclinical models to evaluate the potential application to additional disease indications or to gain insight about molecular mechanisms of action. A survey of the literature reveals that nonclinical experimental designs (in vitro or in vivo) often include evaluation of drug concentrations or doses that are much higher than what can be achieved in patients (i.e., above the maximally tolerated dose or much higher than the clinically relevant exposures). The results obtained with these high concentrations may be particularly helpful in elucidating off-target effects and toxicities, but it is critical to have a dose–response curve that includes the minimally effective or clinically effective concentration for comparison. We have reviewed the clinical literature and drug product labels for all small molecules and biological agents approved by the FDA for use in oncology to identify and compile the available pharmacokinetic parameters. The data summarized here can serve as a guide for selection of in vitro concentrations and in vivo plasma exposures for evaluation of drug effects in nonclinical studies. Inclusion of drug concentrations or exposures that are relevant to those observed in clinical practice can improve translation of nonclinical mechanism of action findings into potentially relevant clinical effects. Clin Cancer Res; 23(14); 3489–98. ©2017 AACR.
Maquete de Máquina de Ensaio Universal: Ferramenta de Ensino Odontológico sob a Óptica de um Aluno de Graduação
Authors: Manoel Murilo De Almeida , Abramides Dagma Venturini Marques , Francisconi Paulo Afonso Silveira , Borges Ana Flávia Sanches
Published: April 2017

Ao iniciar o curso de Odontologia, os alunos se deparam com uma disciplina intitulada Materiais Dentários. Essa disciplina possui dificuldades inerentes ao ensino de partes de seu conteúdo, como as propriedades mecânicas dos materiais odontológicos. Tal fato se deve, provavelmente, à presença de uma linguagem própria e de conceitos mecânicos e físicos que fogem do cotidiano do aluno de graduação de Odontologia; somando-se a isso, temos um meio virtualizado onde esses alunos estão inseridos. Esse conjunto pode trazer dificuldades para a apreensão de conteúdo ao estudante, uma vez que existem diversas maneiras de assimilação de novas informações. O professor, portanto, deve compreender de onde advém a dificuldade dos alunos em apreender os conteúdos e então traçar estratégias para a melhoria do ensino. Assim, o objetivo do presente trabalho é expor como uma Maquete de Máquina de Ensaio Universal pode tornar inteligíveis conceitos abstratos das propriedades dos materiais dentários, permitindo o aprimoramento da compreensão de tais noções por parte dos alunos de graduação em Odontologia e o aperfeiçoamento do ensino
Aprendizagem Ativa na Disciplina Energia, Meio Ambiente e Sustentabilidade do 1º ano da Engenharia Elétrica da EPUSP
Authors: Grimoni José Aquiles Baesso , Coelho Luciana Guidon
Published: April 2017

Este relato tem o intuito de apresentar a proposta e os resultados de um trabalho solicitado aos alunos de graduação de Engenharia Elétrica da Escola Politécnica da USP, na disciplina Energia, Meio Ambiente e Sustentabilidade. O trabalho solicitado é uma estratégia de aprendizagem ativa, na qual os alunos devem estar ativamente envolvidos na solução de problemas reais ou situações da vida profissional. Como uma tentativa de avaliar a aprendizagem, a opinião e as reflexões dos alunos durante a realização da atividade, um questionário foi respondido por eles. A conclusão deste artigo é que a disciplina está, aparentemente, no caminho certo, promovendo aprendizagem e reflexão e ainda apresentando aos alunos uma breve introdução sobre geração e uso de energia
Desenvolvimento de Plataforma Digital para Ensino de Graduação (Caso do ensino de atendimento ao paciente traumatizado)
Authors: Pereira Júnior Gerson Alves , Santos Marcelo Alexandre , Bernardi Filipe Andrade , Ferreira William Dias , Senju André Antonelli , Jesus Thaís Helena de Paula , Gula Eduardo Alexandre
Published: April 2017

O projeto apresentado permitiu o desenvolvimento de uma plataforma digital educacional interativa, de fácil manuseio, intuitiva, de modo a permitir a análise, o monitoramento e o seguimento do desempenho individual e coletivo. Utilizou o blended learning, que transmite a distância pela internet a maior parte dos conteúdos, e também conta com sessões presenciais, podendo ser estruturado com atividades síncronas ou assíncronas. Também utilizou o conceito de Sala de Aula Invertida (Flipped Classroom) como um modelo de aprendizagem que reorganiza o tempo gasto dentro e fora da classe, transferindo o protagonismo, no processo de aprendizado, dos educadores para os alunos, com o desenho didático de atividades programadas: estudo prévio, pré-teste, acesso aos vídeos, pós-teste, acesso aos casos clínicos como exercícios, fórum de dúvidas, chat e webfólio. Este projeto está sendo utilizado gradativamente pelos alunos do quinto ano da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto para o estudo do atendimento aos pacientes traumatizados, com oportunidade de discussão dos casos vivenciados durante os plantões na Unidade de Emergência do Hospital das Clínicas de Ribeirão Preto. O uso da plataforma digital criada tem sido expandido para outras disciplinas de graduação e pós-graduação, além de projetos de pesqu
Introduzindo o livro digital no curso de Editoração: uma busca epistêmica
Authors: Martinez Maria Laura
Published: April 2017

E-books have been stressing the market. Recognizing that design and production of digital artifacts are strategic for future publishing activity, in 2012 the Publishing undergraduate course of the University of São Paulo (USP) included e-book's study and production in its curriculum by creating two new disciplines at transdisciplinary fields. The research presented in this paper allowed delineating the approach of both disciplines: one focused on the production and, the other, focused on the project through interaction design. These disciplines address the second and third generation of e-books. They allow the Editors to expand their vast cultural universe for more transdisciplinary areas developing skills and knowledge that enable them to integrate teams used to develop interactive digital publishing products. The following sections present this experience.
Simuladores como estratégia de ensino de diagnóstico por imagem para o curso de Medicina Veterinária da FZEA-USP
Authors: Hage Maria Cristina Ferrarini Nunes Soares
Published: April 2017

O presente relato apresenta duas experiências com simuladores artesanais utilizados como método de ensino de diagnóstico por imagem para alunos do curso de graduação em Medicina Veterinária da FZEA-USPPirassununga. Os modelos artesanais foram produzidos com materiais de baixo custo e fácil acesso, e promoveram o incremento no aprendizado de habilidades cognitivas, técnicas, emocionais e psicomotoras. As experiências geraram duas publicações internacionais referenciadas neste relato
Aprimoramento da linguagem científica de discentes da licenciatura com foco na formação profissional
Authors: Dias Naissa Maria Silvestre , Marques Rosebelly Nunes
Published: April 2017

As Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais do curso de graduação de Engenharia Agronômica e Florestal demandam profissionais egressos nas respectivas áreas com sólida formação científica. Visando o aprimoramento das habilidades pessoais e profissionais esperadas de alunos egressos dos cursos acima citados, referente à linguagem científica, utilizaram-se artigos científicos, como recurso didático. No presente trabalho apresenta-se e discutem-se os resultados de atividades com quatro artigos nas áreas de: prática pedagógica, educação ambiental, experimentação e saberes técnicos, sendo estes relacionados aos temas das aulas ministradas. Exigiu-se a leitura prévia dos textos, com análise individual por escrito, seguiu-se com discussões em grupos e, por conseguinte, uma socialização das ideias envolvendo todos os alunos, tendo a docente como mediadora. Neste momento houve postura crítica sobre os assuntos discutidos como a qualidade, o conteúdo, a linguagem adotada e até mesmo sobre a ética identificada nos artigos. A maturidade dos alunos também foi percebida na produção escrita, demonstrando que o resgate do conhecimento prévio somado às discussões nas aulas ministradas anteriormente, proporciona a participação ativa, resultando numa prática conscientizadora e crítica. Nesse sentido, os alunos foram protagonistas no processo de construção de seus próprios conhecimentos, melhoraram sua linguagem científica e desenvolveram a autonomia.
Use of β-Blockers in Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Perros Frédéric , de Man Frances S. , Bogaard Harm J. , Antigny Fabrice , Simonneau Gérald , Bonnet Sébastien , Provencher Steeve , Galiè Nazzareno , Humbert Marc
Published: April 2017

Contrasting with the major attention that left heart failure has received, right heart failure remains understudied both at the preclinical and clinical levels. However, right ventricle failure is a major predictor of outcomes in patients with precapillary pulmonary hypertension because of pulmonary arterial hypertension, and in patients with postcapillary pulmonary hypertension because of left heart disease. In pulmonary hypertension, the status of the right ventricle is one of the most important predictors of both morbidity and mortality. Paradoxically, there are currently no approved therapies targeting the right ventricle in pulmonary hypertension. By analogy with the key role of β-blockers in the management of left heart failure, some authors have proposed to use these agents to support the right ventricle function in pulmonary hypertension. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the use of β-blockers in pulmonary hypertension.
Cortical Superficial Siderosis in Different Types of Cerebral Small Vessel Disease
Authors: Wollenweber Frank Arne , Baykara Ebru , Zedde Marialuisa , Gesierich Benno , Achmüller Melanie , Jouvent Eric , Viswanathan Anand , Ropele Stefan , Chabriat Hugues , Schmidt Reinhold , Opherk Christian , Dichgans Martin , Linn Jennifer , Duering Marco
Published: April 2017

Background and Purpose—

Cortical superficial siderosis (cSS) has emerged as a clinically relevant imaging feature of cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA). However, it remains unknown whether cSS is also present in nonamyloid-associated small vessel disease and whether patients with cSS differ in terms of other small vessel disease imaging features.

Methods—

Three hundred sixty-four CADASIL (cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy) patients, 372 population-based controls, and 100 CAA patients with cSS (fulfilling the modified Boston criteria for possible/probable CAA) were included. cSS and cerebral microbleeds were visually rated on T2*-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. White matter hyperintensities were segmented on fluid-attenauted inversion recovery images, and their spatial distribution was compared between groups using colocalization analysis. Cerebral microbleeds location was determined in an observer-independent way using an atlas in standard space.

Results—

cSS was absent in CADASIL and present in only 2 population-based controls (0.5%). Cerebral microbleeds were present in 64% of CAA patients with cSS, 34% of patients with CADASIL, and 12% of population-based controls. Among patients with cerebral microbleeds, lobar location was found in 95% of CAA patients with cSS, 48% of CADASIL patients, and 69% of population-based controls. The spatial distribution of white matter hyperintensities was comparable between CAA with cSS and CADASIL as indicated by high colocalization coefficients.

Conclusions—

cSS was absent in CADASIL, whereas other small vessel disease imaging features were similar to CAA patients with cSS. Our findings suggest that cSS in combination with other small vessel disease imaging markers is highly indicative of CAA.
The Increasing Power of the European Parliament: Negotiating the eu-India Free Trade Agreement
Authors: Frennhoff Larsén Magdalena
Published: April 2017

Since the Lisbon Treaty increased the legal role of the European Parliament (ep) ineutrade policy, there has been a debate about the extent to which these legal competencies have translated into actual influence over the content and outcome ofeutrade negotiations. Using the trade negotiations between theeuand India as a case study, this article argues that the impact of theephas indeed been significant. Through two-level game analysis, which extends its domestic focus to include theepas a domestic constituent, it demonstrates how theephas affected theeuwin-set in ways that have both hindered and facilitated agreement at the international level between theeuand India. It also shows how theephas affected the negotiating dynamics and how theeunegotiators have had their preferences somewhat compromised by theepin their attempt at reaching an agreement with India.
Environmental Externalities and Weak Appropriability: Influences on Firm Pollution Reduction Technology Development
Authors: Malen Joel , Marcus Alfred A.
Published: April 2017

Technological development plays a critical role in society’s ability to address environmental issues. Building on Teece’s profiting from innovation framework, we articulate how a double-externality problem weakens the appropriability regime surrounding pollution reduction technology (PRT). We then develop a theoretical framework articulating how weak appropriability induces firms to modify their innovation strategies for PRT development by increasing the extent to which they engage in organizational exploration (rather than exploitation) and emphasizing incremental (rather than radical) technologies. Noting that the effects of weak appropriability are unlikely to be static, we detail how the accumulation of organizational capabilities for reducing pollution diminishes the extent to which firms modify their innovation strategies for PRT. That is, firms become less exploratory and less focused on incremental technology as they gain experience with pollution reduction. Results of broad-sample empirical analyses of 206,277 patents held by 203 U.S. manufacturing firms over a 20-year period provide support for our framework.
Authorship and Affiliation in Armed Forces & Society
Authors: Sookermany Anders McD. , Sand Trond Svela , Ender Morten G.
Published: April 2017

Armed Forces & Society ( AF&S) was founded in 1974 with the overall intention of creating an international arena for interdisciplinary approaches to the study of the military institution and the intersection of armed forces and their society. The present study is both a follow-up and an update of Morten Enders’s article “Authorship and Affiliation in Armed Forces & Society” covering 1,139 articles in the 41 volumes published from 1974 until 2015. The scope has been to look for the evolving trends on Authorship and Affiliation (A&A) within AF&S so as to say something about what AF&S has become over these years, as a consequence of whom the authors are and where they come from. Our findings suggest a developmental narrative of A&A in AF&S of a continuously higher author–article ratio, an increased female authorship ratio, and a wider range of disciplines from more continents, countries, and institutions, plus a trend of increased cross-national coauthorship.
The practical application of automatic vision alignment to the Internet of Things production line
Authors: Zou Chengming , Xu Xiaolong
Published: April 2017

This paper presents a new system in which automatic Vision Alignment was applied to the Internet of Things (IoT) production line to solve the problem of automatic assembling of screws and iron plates with holes. The position of screw holes are searched for by Machine Vision and transmitted to the robotic arm so that it could insert screws into holes. During this process, a swarm intelligence algorithm – Adaptive Multi-elite Wolf Pack Algorithm (AMWPA) – was used to recognize the holes. The experimental results show that the algorithm succeed in recognizing holes and has better global convergence and computational robustness.
Experiential Avoidance, Dyadic Interaction and Relationship Quality in the Lives of Veterans and Their Partners
Authors: Zamir Osnat , Gewirtz Abigail H. , Labella Madelyn , DeGarmo David S. , Snyder James
Published: April 2017

This study assessed the mediating pathways of observed couple communication on the dyadic associations between experiential avoidance (EA) and relationship quality. A sample of 228 military couples following combat deployment participated in a conflict discussion and completed self-report measures to assess EA and relationship quality. Results of an actor–partner interdependence model using structural equation modeling indicated that for both dyad members greater EA was associated with their own lower relationship quality. Higher EA in men was associated with more observed negative communication, as well as lower relationship quality in their female partners. Positive couple communication was associated with higher relationship quality in men and in women. Overall, EA demonstrated associations with relationship quality above and beyond couple communication skills. This study points to the importance of EA for the marital system and suggests that interventions targeting EA and positive couple communication skills may strengthen military marital relationships following deployment to war.
Parameter and contact force estimation of planar rigid-bodies undergoing frictional contact
Authors: Fazeli Nima , Kolbert Roman , Tedrake Russ , Rodriguez Alberto
Published: April 2017

This paper addresses the identification of the inertial parameters and the contact forces associated with objects making and breaking frictional contact with the environment. Our goal is to explore under what conditions, and to what degree, the observation of physical interaction, in the form of motions and/or applied external forces, is indicative of the underlying dynamics that governs it. In this study we consider the cases of passive interaction, where an object free-falls under gravity, and active interaction, where known external perturbations act on an object at contact. We assume that both object and environment are planar and rigid, and exploit the well-known complementarity formulation for contact resolution to establish a constrained optimization-based problem to estimate inertial parameters and contact forces. We also show that when contact modes are known, or guessed, the formulation provides a closed-form relationship between inertial parameters, contact forces, and observed motions, that turns into a least squares problem.

Consistent with intuition, the analysis indicates that without the application of known external forces, the identifiable set of parameters remains coupled, i.e. the ratio of mass moment of inertia to mass and the ratio of contact forces to the mass. Interestingly the analysis also shows that known external forces can lead to decoupling and identifiability of mass, mass moment of inertia, and normal and tangential contact forces. We evaluate the proposed algorithms both in simulation and with real experiments for the cases of a free falling square, ellipse, and rimless wheel interacting with the ground, as well as a disk interacting with a manipulator.
Prolegomena to Any Future Decolonial Ethics: Coloniality, Poetics and ‘Being Human as Praxis’
Authors: Odysseos Louiza
Published: April 2017

Decolonial thought has wrought a devastating critique on the Academy and wide-ranging fields within it. Decolonial critique entails undeniable and multiple ethico-political orientations arising from concrete struggles within the ‘unfinished project of decolonization’ (Maldonado-Torres), as well as recent articulations of decolonial ethics. This article argues that, as decolonial critique, and calls for decolonial ethics, begin to find their way into broader theoretical discussions in the social sciences and humanities, it may be more fruitful to insist on the question of decolonial ethics. It encourages retaining the disruptive potential of decolonial critique by resisting its immediate translations into available ethical registers and traditions that unwittingly reassert, and remain bound to, forms of ethical expression dependent on generalised narratives, which occlude their histories of violent and racialised exclusion and masterful figurations of ethical subjectivity. Outlining Sylvia Wynter’s excavation of prominent figurations of the human as ‘Man’, I argue that our conceptions of ethical subjects too rest on such figurations. The article, therefore, discusses three prolegomena to any future decolonial ethics: the decolonial critique and displacement of the figure of ‘Man’ as ethical subject within racialised coloniality; the development of a decolonising poetics, whose ethos of irreverence seeks forms of poetic revolt that draw on struggles to question systems of ethical thought and knowledge; finally, a discussion of the contours of a praxis of being hybridly human through the development of ‘education’ as an incessant and ‘unfinished’ project.
Assistive technology to enable sleep function in patients with acquired brain injury: Issues and opportunities
Authors: Biajar Anmol , Mollayeva Tatyana , Sokoloff Sandra , Colantonio Angela
Published: April 2017

Introduction

Sleep disorders in patients with acquired brain injury are highly burdensome and associated with disability. An assistive technology framework emphasises the need to develop and apply a broad range of devices, strategies, and practices to ameliorate disabilities. We aimed to summarise scientific evidence regarding the utility of assistive technology in managing sleep disorders in patients with various causes of acquired brain injury.

Method

We retrieved articles before January 2016, through database searches of Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and various bibliographies. The person–environment–occupation framework was used to analyse complex data pertaining to technology application and utility.

Results

We found 21 studies that described seven assistive technologies (continuous positive airway pressure, adaptive servo ventilator, nasotracheal suction mechanical ventilation, positioning devices, cognitive behavioural therapy, light therapy, and acupuncture) utilised in patients with acquired brain injury to manage sleep disorders.

Conclusion

Assistive technologies demonstrated effectiveness in alleviating and/or managing sleep disorders after acquired brain injury. Adherence to using the technology is limited by the level of injury-induced cognitive and physical impairment, technological regime, and environmental support. Development of user-friendly sleep-assistive technologies that take into consideration functional limitations and practice guidelines on structural communication between the occupational therapist, patient, and caregiver may facilitate patients’ self-determination in managing sleep disorders.
The use of video-modelling as a method for improving the social play skills of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and their playmates
Authors: Wilkes-Gillan Sarah , Cantrill Alycia , Cordier Reinie , Barnes Gabrielle , Hancock Nicola , Bundy Anita
Published: April 2017

Introduction

We investigated child outcomes and mothers' perspectives following technology-based intervention sessions aimed at improving children's social play skills.

Method

Participants in this multiple case study included five children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, their mothers and five typically developing playmates, who had completed a parent-delivered play-based intervention 18 months previously. The initial intervention included the use of a technology-based interactive DVD at home and clinic-based sessions involving video-modelling. In this study, children received two additional technology-based clinic sessions involving video-modelling. Children's social play skills were measured pre- to post-intervention using the Test of Playfulness. Trends in scores were descriptively analysed by case. Mothers' perspectives were explored through semi-structured interviews; data were descriptively analysed by group and case.

Results

Two children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder showed an increase in their social play skills, and three a decrease in skills. Of the playmates, three showed consistent social play skills, one an increase and one a decrease. Qualitative findings suggest parents felt better able to support their child. Parents also suggested next steps for the intervention were necessary as their child continued to develop.

Conclusion

Additional intervention support using technology after initial intervention may need to be adapted to different developmental stages and for use across different contexts.
Kappa opioid receptor antagonists: A possible new class of therapeutics for migraine prevention
Authors: Xie Jennifer Y , De Felice Milena , Kopruszinski Caroline M , Eyde Nathan , LaVigne Justin , Remeniuk Bethany , Hernandez Pablo , Yue Xu , Goshima Naomi , Ossipov Michael , King Tamara , Streicher John M , Navratilova Edita , Dodick David , Rosen Hugh , Roberts Ed , Porreca Frank
Published: April 2017

Background

Stress is the most commonly reported migraine trigger. Dynorphin, an endogenous opioid peptide acting preferentially at kappa opioid receptors (KORs), is a key mediator of stress responses. The aim of this study was to use an injury-free rat model of functional cephalic pain with features of migraine and medication overuse headache (MOH) to test the possible preventive benefit of KOR blockade on stress-induced cephalic pain.

Methods

Following sumatriptan priming to model MOH, rats were hyper-responsive to environmental stress, demonstrating delayed cephalic and extracephalic allodynia and increased levels of CGRP in the jugular blood, consistent with commonly observed clinical outcomes during migraine. Nor-binaltorphimine (nor-BNI), a long-acting KOR antagonist or CYM51317, a novel short-acting KOR antagonist, were given systemically either during sumatriptan priming or immediately before environmental stress challenge. The effects of KOR blockade in the amygdala on stress-induced allodynia was determined by administration of nor-BNI into the right or left central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA).

Results

KOR blockade prevented both stress-induced allodynia and increased plasma CGRP. Stress increased dynorphin content and phosphorylated KOR in both the left and right CeA in sumatriptan-primed rats. However, KOR blockade only in the right CeA prevented stress-induced cephalic allodynia as well as extracephalic allodynia, measured in either the right or left hindpaws. U69,593, a KOR agonist, given into the right, but not the left, CeA, produced allodynia selectively in sumatriptan-primed rats. Both stress and U69,593-induced allodynia were prevented by right CeA U0126, a mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitor, presumably acting downstream of KOR.

Conclusions

Our data reveal a novel lateralized KOR circuit that mediated stress-induced cutaneous allodynia and increased plasma CGRP in an injury-free model of functional cephalic pain with features of migraine and medication overuse headache. Selective, small molecule, orally available, and reversible KOR antagonists are currently in development and may represent a novel class of preventive therapeutics for migraine.
Pre-Service Teachers’ Knowledge, Misconceptions and Gaps About Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Sanz-Cervera Pilar , Fernández-Andrés María-Inmaculada , Pastor-Cerezuela Gemma , Tárraga-Mínguez Raúl
Published: April 2017

The inclusive education framework and the increase in autism diagnoses have led to an overwhelming challenge for pre-service teachers who need to be qualified to teach all children. To test the quality of their training, the main purpose of this study was to compare 866 pre-service teachers’ knowledge, misconceptions, and gaps about autism in their first and final year at university, using the Autism Knowledge Questionnaire. The results show that fourth-year students obtained higher levels of knowledge and fewer gaps than the first-year students, although they also had more misconceptions. Special education specialists obtained significantly more knowledge and fewer misconceptions than the general education pre-service teachers. Specific training and experience had a significant influence on the knowledge and gaps, but it had no influence on the number of misconceptions. These results suggest that university preparation in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) might not adequately train all future teachers.
Documenting ‘Success’ in Social Development Projects
Authors: Srivastava Ambey Kumar
Published: April 2017

Success stories in aid sponsored development projects provide innovative options to deal with social problems. The significance of success stories differs with stakeholders as per their needs and expectations. But, while writing success stories it is important to analyze various events and correlating them with the goal and objectives of the programme. Development sector follows specific steps to write success stories but there are some important requirements to fulfil these steps, which include process documentation, subject selection, well defining of key indicators, knowledge of research, writing skills and ethical approach. Poor process documentation, differences in the interests of stakeholders, creditseeking behaviour, job hopping in the development sector and lack of expertise are major challenges which affect the quality of documentation of success stories. Completeness of any success story lies in the fact that it has elements to come out from a pilot into a full-fledged programme.
Identification and prevalence of swine pasivirus 1 in eastern Romanian pig farms
Authors: Zaulet Mihaela , Petrovan Vlad , Birladeanu Andrada M. , Stoian Ana Maria M. , Kevorkian Steliana E. M. , Nichita Cornelia , Eloit Marc , Buburuzan Laura
Published: April 2017

Swine pasivirus 1 (SPaV-1) was first detected in the feces of healthy pigs in France as a new species in family Picornaviridae. We investigated the presence, distribution, and genetic variability of this virus in 7 geographic areas with intensive pig breeding farms in eastern Romania. A total of 564 porcine specimens, including 82 fecal specimens and 482 pools of organs, were collected from healthy pigs in different stages of production from pathogen-free swine farming units. The virus was found in 6 of 7 areas investigated. Of the 564 samples analyzed, 218 were positive for SPaV-1, with the highest prevalence of the virus in organ homogenates (39% positive) followed by feces (37% positive). The highest susceptibility to infection was found in nurseries (50% positive in both the first and second months of feeding). Sequencing analysis of VP0 revealed 3 different Romanian sequences. The phylogenetic investigations suggest that the Romanian sequences cluster with other Pasivirus strains selected from the GenBank database, forming a separate clade from other Picornaviridae genera and defining the described Pasivirus.
Pancreatic neuroendocrine carcinoma with exocrine differentiation in a young cat
Authors: Michishita Masaki , Takagi Mariko , Kishimoto Takuya E. , Nakahira Rei , Nogami Takeshi , Yoshimura Hisashi , Hatakeyama Hitoshi , Azakami Daigo , Ochiai Kazuhiko , Takahashi Kimimasa
Published: April 2017

A 35-mo-old spayed female mixed-breed cat with continuous vomiting, emaciation, and abdominal distention for 2 wk was presented to a private veterinary clinic for evaluation. At 71 d after the initial visit, the cat died with anemia, jaundice, and hypoalbuminemia, and was subjected to autopsy. Grossly, numerous firm masses, 0.5–2.5 cm diameter, were randomly located in the left lobe of the pancreas. Histologic examination revealed that the pancreatic mass consisted of 2 tumor cell types: mostly small round cells with a minority of epithelial cells. The small cells were arranged in nests of various sizes, which were separated by thin fibrous stroma, and had small, round, hyperchromatic nuclei, scant cytoplasm containing argyrophilic granules, and often formed rosettes. The epithelial cells formed luminal structures. Metastases were observed in the liver, greater omentum, and pancreatic, gastric, pulmonary, and mediastinal lymph nodes. Immunohistochemical examination revealed that the small cells were positive for vimentin, neuron-specific enolase, chromogranin A, cytokeratin (CK) AE1/AE3, and trypsin, whereas the epithelial cells were positive for AE1/AE3, trypsin, CK19, and nestin. Ultrastructurally, the small cells contained abundant electron-dense granules, ~200 nm diameter, whereas the epithelial cells had apical microvilli and numerous zymogen granules, ~300 nm diameter. These findings indicated that the tumor was a pancreatic neuroendocrine carcinoma with exocrine differentiation and systemic metastases.
First Metatarsophalangeal Contact Properties Following Proximal Opening Wedge and Scarf Osteotomies for Hallux Valgus Correction: A Biomechanical Study
Authors: Kia Cameron , Yoshida Ryu , Cote Mark , DiVenere Jessica , Geaney Lauren E.
Published: April 2017

Background:

Proximal opening wedge osteotomy (POWO) is an established procedure for moderate to severe hallux valgus. A common concern of this procedure is that it results in lengthening of the first metatarsal, which could cause increased intra-articular pressure of the first metatarsophalangeal joint (MTP) and may ultimately lead to arthritis because of these altered mechanics. The purpose of this study was to use a cadaveric model to compare intra-articular pressures and articulating contact properties of the MTP joint following either scarf osteotomy or POWO.

Methods:

Fresh-frozen cadaveric below-knee specimens with pre-existing hallux valgus (n = 12) and specimens without hallux valgus (n = 6, control group) were used. The hallux valgus specimens were stratified into 2 groups (n = 6 each): POWO or scarf osteotomy. The groups were matched based on the degree of deformity. Peak intra-articular pressure, force, and area were measured in all normal, preoperative, and postoperative specimens with a simulated weightbearing model. These measurements were made with a pressure transducer placed within the first MTP joint.

Results:

Postoperatively POWO group had slightly higher contact forces and pressures compared to the scarf group and lower contact forces and pressures than those of the normal group but were not statistically significant ( P > .05). Normal specimens had higher intra-articular force, pressure, and area than postoperative specimens but the difference was not found to be significant. First metatarsal lengthening was found in both the scarf and POWO specimens; however, neither increase was found to be significant ( P > .05).

Conclusion:

The results from this study show that after operative correction, contact properties of the fist MTP joint among normal, POWO, and scarf osteotomy groups revealed no significant differences. First MTP joints in those with hallux valgus had significantly lower contact force and pressure compared to those without hallux valgus.

Clinical Relevance:

With little long-term outcomes of proximal opening wedge osteotomy, this study will help predict the possibility of future MTP joint arthritis.
Outcomes of the Modified Broström Procedure Augmented With Suture-Tape for Ankle Instability in Patients With Generalized Ligamentous Laxity
Authors: Cho Byung-Ki , Park Kyoung-Jin , Park Ji-Kang , SooHoo Nelson F.
Published: April 2017

Background:

Although recent biomechanical studies have reported mechanical superiority of augmented anterior talofibular ligament reconstruction using suture-tape, clinical evidence regarding the efficacy of suture-tape augmentation is still insufficient. This prospective study was performed to evaluate the outcomes of the modified Broström procedure augmented with suture-tape for chronic ankle instability with generalized ligamentous laxity, which has been known to be a poor prognostic factor for anatomic ligament repair.

Methods:

Twenty-eight patients with generalized ligamentous laxity were followed for more than 2 years after the augmented modified Broström procedures for chronic ankle instability. Generalized ligamentous laxity was defined as a Beighton score ≥4 points. The clinical evaluation consisted of the Foot and Ankle Outcome Score (FAOS) and Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM) score. Measurement of talar tilt angle and anterior talar translation was obtained from stress radiographs to evaluate mechanical ankle stability.

Results:

FAOS and FAAM scores had significantly improved from preoperative average 63.2 and 54.3 points to 90.6 and 89.5 points at final follow-up, respectively ( P < .001). Talar tilt angle and anterior talar translation had significantly improved from preoperative average 16.2° and 12.1 mm to 3.6° and 4.2 mm at final follow-up, respectively ( P < .001). Preoperative side-to-side comparison with stress radiographs was significantly different, but this returned to within nonstatistical differences at final follow-up, respectively ( P = .105, .532). Although 6 patients sustained an ankle sprain after operation, only 1 patient (3.6%) showed a recurrence of subjective and mechanical instability.

Conclusions:

Suture-tape augmentation for the modified Broström procedure appears to be an effective operative alternative for chronic ankle instability with generalized ligamentous laxity. As one of the methods to improve the clinical outcomes in patients with relative contraindications of the modified Broström repair, this procedure provided reliable stability with the advantages of anatomic ligament repair through the augmentation using suture-tape.

Level of Evidence:

Level IV, prospective case series.
2015 Survey of Journalism and Mass Communication Enrollments: Challenges and Opportunities for a Changing and Diversifying Field
Authors: Gotlieb Melissa R. , McLaughlin Bryan , Cummins R. Glenn
Published: April 2017

As with previous years, enrollments in journalism and mass communication programs in the United States have continued to decline. In 2015, such decline among undergraduate student enrollments was particularly prevalent in journalism sequences; in contrast, undergraduate enrollments in strategic communication sequences have seen some growth since 2013. Findings also reveal potential for journalism and mass communication programs regarding the growth and emergence of online degree programs and online course offerings, the development of the competencies and skills desired by employers, and other opportunities for the professional development of today’s practically minded students.
Initiation of damage in a class of polymeric materials embedded with multiple localized regions of lower density
Authors: Alagappan P , Rajagopal KR , Kannan K
Published: April 2017

Fatigue and damage are the least understood phenomena in the mechanics of solids. Recently, Alagappan et al. (“On a possible methodology for identifying the initiation of damage of a class of polymeric materials”, Proc R Soc Lond A Math Phys Eng Sci 2016; 472(2192): 20160231) hypothesized a criterion for the initiation of damage for a certain class of compressible polymeric solids, namely that damage will be initiated at the location where the derivative of the norm of the stress with respect to the stretch starts to decrease. This hypothesis led to results that were in keeping with the experimental work of Gent and Lindley(“Internal rupture of bonded rubber cylinders in tension. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A 1959; 249, 195–205 :10.1098) and agrees qualitatively with the results of Penn (“Volume changes accompanying the extension of rubber”, Trans Soc Rheol 1970; 14(4): 509–517) on compressible polymeric solids. Alagappan et al. considered a body wherein there is a localized region in which the density is less than the rest of the solid. In this study, we show that the criterion articulated by Alagappan et al. is still applicable when bodies have multiple localized regions of lower density, thereby lending credence to the notion that the criterion might be reasonable for a large class of bodies with multiple inhomogeneities. As in the previous study, it is found that damage is not initiated at the location where the stresses are the largest but instead at the location where the densities tend to the lowest value. These locations of lower densities coincide with locations in which the deformation gradient is very large, suggesting large changes in the local volume, which is usually the precursor to phenomena such as the bursting of aneurysms.
The diagnosis of autism and autism spectrum disorder in low- and middle-income countries: Experience from Jamaica
Authors: Samms-Vaughan Maureen , Rahbar Mohammad H , Dickerson Aisha S , Loveland Katherine A , Hessabi Manouchehr , Pearson Deborah A , Bressler Jan , Shakespeare-Pellington Sydonnie , Grove Megan L , Coore-Desai Charlene , Reece Jody , Boerwinkle Eric
Published: April 2017

The administration requirements of the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule and the Autism Diagnostic Interview–Revised, widely used in high-income countries, make them less feasible for diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder in low- and middle-income countries. The flexible administration requirements of the Childhood Autism Rating Scale have resulted in its use in both high-income countries and low- and middle-income countries. This study examines the agreement between assessments using the Childhood Autism Rating Scale with those using the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule or Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, Second Edition and Autism Diagnostic Interview–Revised in Jamaica. Children aged 2–8 years (n = 149) diagnosed with autism by an experienced clinician using the Childhood Autism Rating Scale were re-evaluated using the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule and Autism Diagnostic Interview–Revised. The proportion diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder using the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, Second Edition, and Autism Diagnostic Interview–Revised was determined and mean domain scores compared using analysis of variance (ANOVA). The mean age was 64.4 (standard deviation = 21.6) months; the male:female ratio was 6:1. The diagnostic agreement of the Childhood Autism Rating Scale with the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule and Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, Second Edition was 100.0% and 98.0%, respectively. Agreement with the Autism Diagnostic Interview–Revised was 94.6%. Domain scores were highest for children with more severe symptoms (p < 0.01). Despite a high level of agreement of the Childhood Autism Rating Scale with the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, Second Edition, and Autism Diagnostic Interview–Revised, the Childhood Autism Rating Scale should be evaluated further with a broader range of autism spectrum disorder symptomatology, and by clinicians with varying experience before recommendation for use in low- and middle-income countries.
Computational analysis of end-of-injection transients and combustion recession
Authors: Jarrahbashi Dorrin , Kim Sayop , Knox Benjamin W , Genzale Caroline L
Published: April 2017

Mixing and combustion of engine combustion network Spray A after end of injection are modeled using highly resolved multidimensional numerical simulations to explore the physics underlying recent experimental observations of combustion recession. Reacting spray simulations are performed using a traditional Lagrangian–Eulerian coupled formulation for two-phase mixture transport with a Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes approach using the open-source computational fluid dynamics code OpenFOAM. Chemical kinetics models for n-dodecane by Cai et al. and Yao et al. are deployed to evaluate the impact of mechanism formulation and low-temperature chemistry on predictions of combustion recession behavior. Simulations with the Cai mechanism show that under standard Spray A conditions, the end-of-injection transient induces second-stage ignition in distinct regions near the nozzle that are initially spatially separated from the lifted diffusion flame, but then rapidly merge with flame. By contrast, the Yao mechanism fails to predict sufficient low-temperature chemistry in mixtures upstream of the diffusion flame during the end-of-injection transient and does not predict combustion recession for the same conditions. The effects of the shape and duration of the end-of-injection transient on the entrainment wave near the nozzle, the likelihood of combustion recession, and the spatiotemporal development of mixing and chemistry in near-nozzle mixtures are also investigated. With a more rapid ramp-down injection profile (ramp-down duration < 400 µs), a weaker combustion recession occurs earlier in time after the start of ramp-down. For extremely fast ramp-down (ramp-down duration = 0), the entrainment flux varies rapidly near the nozzle and over-leaning of the mixture completely suppresses combustion recession. For a slower ramp-down profile with respect to the standard Spray A condition, complete combustion recession back toward the nozzle is observed and combustion recession occurred later in time. Simulations qualitatively agreed with the past experimental and modeling observations of combustion recession with different end-of-injection transients.