bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Disputa de Guarda: uma Revisão da Literatura
Authors: Maria Cristina Alves Barbosa  , Adriana do Vale Ferreira-Bacci
Published: December 2014

Este trabalho tem por finalidade refletir sobre o trabalho do psicólogo jurídico em vara de família, onde sua inserção é de extrema importância principalmente quando ocorre a disputa pela guarda dos filhos. Durante décadas a guarda do filho foi concedida indiscriminadamente ao genitor não culpado pela separação. Após, a guarda passou a ser concedida quase que exclusivamente a mãe, pois era esta considerada mais capaz de cuidar dos filhos pequenos. Desta forma, posteriormente ao advento da Constituição Federal de 1988. Bem como do Código Civil de 2002 que determinaram a paridade entre homem e mulher dentro do meio familiar e estabeleceram a não discriminação de ambos no que diz respeito à guarda das crianças, foi que homens e mulheres passaram a pleitear a convivência com os filhos. Foi feita uma revisão bibliográfica em banco de periódicos online Google Academico e Scielo, além de livros que abordam o tema estudado, com o objetivo de compreender como a atuação do psicólogo jurídico em vara de família quanto à disputa de guarda. Dentro deste contexto de busca foi utilizado como descritores: família, divórcio/separação, tipos de guarda, alienação parental e atuação do psicólogo. Em alguns casos, levantou-se que pode haver uma incongruência entre o que o Juiz fornece como solução para uma determinada família ou casal e o que os sujeitos envolvidos acreditam ser a melhor saída. Conclui-se que a inserção do profissional psicólogo na vara de família possibilita as partes envolvidas maior support for conveying the childs best interest.
Investigating Gender Violence in Jamaica
Authors: Spiring Fred
Published: December 2014

As Jamaica moves through implementation of their National Policy on Gender Equality and develops harassment legislation, this article attempts to investigate current levels and trends of gender-based violence in Jamaica. All analyses make use of existing data and data formats in developing performance indicators that illustrate the current state of gender violence in Jamaica. The analyses provide a baseline for the future assessment and comparison with internationally accepted gender-based violence indicators. All source data has been included to facilitate comparisons and discussions regarding related levels and trends of violence as well as addressing performance indicator effectiveness.
A review of the classification of landslides of the flow type
Authors: Hungr Oldrich , Evans S. G. , Bovis M. J. , Hutchinson J. N.
Published: December 2014

As a result of the widespread use of the landslide classifications of Varnes (1978), and Hutchinson (1988), certain terms describing common types of flow-like mass movements have become entrenched in the language of engineering geology. Example terms include debris flow, debris avalanche and mudslide. Here, more precise definitions of the terms are proposed, which would allow the terms to be retained with their original meanings while making their application less ambiguous. A new division of landslide materials is proposed, based on genetic and morphological aspects rather than arbitrary grain-size limits. The basic material groups include sorted materials: gravel, sand, silt, and clay, unsorted materials: debris, earth and mud, peat and rock. Definitions are proposed for relatively slow non-liquefied sand or gravel flows, extremely rapid sand, silt or debris flow slides accompanied by liquefaction, clay flow slides involving extra-sensitive clays, peat flows, slow to rapid earth flows in nonsensitive plastic clays, debris flows which occur in steep established channels or gullies, mud flows considered as cohesive debris flows, debris floods involving massive sediment transport at limited discharges, debris avalanches which occur on open hill slopes and rock avalanches formed by large scale failures of bedrock.
Histamine in Foods: Its Safety and Human Health Implications
Authors: Rai Krishna Prasad , Pradhan Hare Ram , Sharma Bal Kumari , Rijal Som Kant
Published: December 2014

This article reviews the overall aspects of histamine, one of the most potent biogenic amine, which is formed by decarboxylation of histidine protein rich foods in fish and fish products, dairy products, meat and meat products, fermented vegetables and soy products, and alcoholic beverages such as wine and beer. Normally, three basic conditions i.e. high content of free histidine, bacterial histidine decarboxylase activity and high temperature storage environment elevates the level of histamine in foods. Several chromatographic methods utilizing thin layer chromatography (TLC), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), gas chromatography (GC) and colorimetry, fluorimetry and ELISA technique have been developed for the analysis of biogenic amine including histamine. Histamine usually exceeding 1000 mg/kg has been implicated with scombrotoxicosis. Several government authorities including Codex Alimentarious Commission has also set the level of histamine in different food products varying from 5 to 40 mg/100g. Proper technical regulations and surveillance mechanism as well as hygienic and bio-technological advancement in food manufacturing establishment could be the good preventive measures of low histamine foods in future.  DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jfstn.v8i0.11720 J. Food Sci. Technol. Nepal, Vol. 8 (1-11), 2013
Study on Traditional Technology of Nepalese Fried Snack Woh
Authors: Adhikari Bhaskar Mani , Dangol Karishma
Published: December 2014

Woh is a deep oil fried spongy Nepalese indigenous product. This work was done to find out the basics of woh and to prepare best from different formulations using unlike particle size and different frying media. Green gram and black gram in a ratio of 100:0, 50:50, 60:40, and 70:30 were mixed and ground on stone grinder and mixer grinder for different particle sizes. Batter mixed with spices were whipped and deep fried in mustard, soybean and sunflower oil separately at 204 ± 2ºC for 2.5 ± 0.5 minutes. Woh with 60:40 combination having 103 μm particle size fried in soybean oil was found to be nutritious with less oil uptake and less anti nutritional factors.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jfstn.v8i0.11747 J. Food Sci. Technol. Nepal, Vol. 8 (35-39), 2013
Effects of Mild Ingestion of Used Fried Rapeseed Oil (Mustard Oil) on Hepatic Tissues in Long-Evans Rats
Authors: Rahman M H , Akter S , Begum T , Khan M. S.I. , Islam M. S. , Begum M R
Published: December 2014

Rapeseed oil (mustard oil), the commonly used cooking oil in rural areas of Bangladesh, contains serucic acid (22:1 n-9) that causes harmful effects to human health. The study was conducted on Long-Evans rats to observe the hepatic effect mustard oil. The first group rat used as control fed with flour, while experimental groups 1 and 2 were treated with fried mustard oil (2g flour + 9 g oil daily) and erucic acid free mustard oil (2g flour + 9 g oil daily) respectively for 5 weeks. Serum indices for three hepatic enzymes Aspartate Transaminase (AST), Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) and Alanine Phosphatase (ALP), used as the indicator of hepatic activity were analyzed by Dade-Behring auto analyzer. Significant difference of AST, ALT and ALP activity was observed in control and group 2 with group 1. Therefore erucic acid of mustard oil has a toxic effect on the hepatic tissue. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jfstn.v8i0.11756 J. Food Sci. Technol. Nepal, Vol. 8 (78-80), 2013
comparative evaluation of time domain and spectral domain optical coherence tomography in retinal nerve fiber layer thickness measurements
Authors: Angmo Dewang , Bhartiya Shibal , Mishra Sanjay K , Sharma Reetika , Poojari Amar , Dada Tanuj
Published: December 2014

Introduction: Before any new device can replace another for use in clinical practice, it is imperative that its reproducibility, diagnostic accuracy, and ability to detect changes over time are tested.Objective: To evaluate retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) measurements between two optical coherence tomography (OCT) systems: the Stratus OCT, a time domain system, and the Cirrus HD-OCT, a spectral domain system (both by Carl Zeiss Meditec, Inc., Dublin, CA).  Materials and methods: An observational cross-sectional study was carried out involving 20 eyes with primary open angle glaucoma and 32 eyes of healthy controls. One eye of each patient was imaged on the same day with each instrument. The RNFL thicknesses measured by the two instruments were compared.Main outcome measures: Each clock hour, quadrant, and average RNFL thickness was determined on each of the two instruments.Statistics: The reliability was assessed by the intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) and the Bland Altman plot for the limits of agreement for the overall mean RNFL thickness and for each quadrant.  Results: A randomly selected eye of each of the 52 participants was analyzed. The mean temporal, superior, nasal and inferior RNFL thickness (in microns) were found to be 65.42 ±18.98, 114.85±26.67, 75.83±28.61 and 116.35±29.43 when measured by the Stratus OCT. In glaucoma patients these values were 55.06±18.22, 97.86±29.37, 63.44±24.89, and 102.94±38.20; and in controls these values were 70.59±17.40, 123.61±20.65, 82.03±28.67 and 123.06±21.63 respectively. The mean temporal, superior, nasal and inferior RNFL thickness (in microns) were 62.00±13.08, 112.00±25.13, 68.56±16.66 and 114.23±25.82 respectively, when measured with the Cirrus OCT. In glaucoma patients these values were 57.88±12.99, 98.56±26.88, 64.63±12.52 and 105.50±29.49; while in the control group these were 64.06±12.82, 118.72±21.63, 70.53±18.33, and 118.59±23.05 respectively. Intraclass correlation coefficient alpha (ICC alpha) for the temporal, superior, nasal and inferior quadrant RNFL thickness measurements were 0.81, 0.85, 0.66 and 0.93 respectively. Bland-Altman plots showed the limits of agreement (95%CI) for average RNFL to be 4.59 ±20.10 in the control group. In patients of glaucoma, Bland-Altman plots showed the limits of agreement (95%CI) for average RNFL to be 1.56±21.50. Conclusions: There is considerable variability in the RNFL thickness measurements made by the Cirrus and Stratus OCT that exceeds the limits of resolution afforded by the instruments. RNFL measurements obtained from the two OCT systems may not be used interchangeably.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nepjoph.v6i2.11692Nepal J Ophthalmol 2014; 6(12): 185-191
Comparison of intravitreal bevacizumab treatment between phakic and pseudophakic neovascular age-related macular degeneration
Authors: Ozkaya Abdullah , Alkin Zeynep , Perente Irfan , Yuksel Kemal , Baz Okkes , Alagoz Cengiz , Yazici Ahmet Taylan , Demirok Ahmet
Published: December 2014

Introduction: Before the era of intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) treatment, only prevention for visual loss might have been achieved in a limited number of neovascular age-related macular generation (nAMD) patients with different treatment options. Objective: To compare the efficacy of intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) for the treatment of nAMD between phakic and pseudophakic eyes.Materials and methods: The newly diagnosed nAMD patients were included in this retrospective study. The patients were divided into the phakic and pseudophakic groups. Initially, the patients received three consecutive, monthly, IVB injections, and then the treatment was continued on an as-needed regimen. The patients were examined monthly, and the data at the baseline, at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months and at the last follow-up were evaluated. The changes in the visual acuity (VA), central retinal thickness (CRT) and the number of injections were compared between the two groups. Results: The study included 62 eyes of 62 patients (39 phakic, and 23 pseudophakic patients). The mean follow-up time was 19.7 and 17.2 months in the phakic and pseudophakic groups, respectively (p = 0.06). The mean Log MAR VA at the baseline, 12 months and the last follow-up was 0.82, 0.72 and 0.75 in the phakic group and 0.77, 0.67, and 0.68 in the pseudophakic group, respectively. The change in the mean BCVA from the baseline to 12 months and at the last follow-up was not statistically different between the two groups (p = 0.9 and p = 0.7, respectively). The mean injection number at 12 months was 4.5 and 4.9 in the phakic and pseudophakic group, respectively (p = 0.2).Conclusion: The beneficial effect of IVB is equal in both the phakic and pseudophakic group of nAMD patients. The functional and anatomical outcomes of the treatment and the number of injections were similar in the two groups.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nepjoph.v6i2.11706Nepal J Ophthalmol 2014; 6(12): 145-152
Retinal nerve fibre layer thickness in a healthy Nepalese population by spectral domain optical coherence tomography
Authors: Thapa Madhu , Khanal Safal , Shrestha Gulsan B , Sharma Ananda K
Published: December 2014

Objective: To determine the normal values for peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer thickness (RNFL) measured by spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD- OCT) in a healthy Nepalese population and to compare the RNFL thicknesses between the genders and among the various age groups.Material and methods: One hundred and fifty six eyes of 156 healthy Nepalese subjects (66 males and 88 females) of various age groups were enrolled in this observational, cross-sectional, hospital-based study. The peripapillary RNFL of the randomly chosen eye of each subject was imaged with a high resolution SD-OCT (Spectralis HRA+OCT, Heidelberg Engineering). The RNFL thickness was measured around the optic nerve head using 16 automatically averaged, consecutive, circular B scans with a 3.4 mm diameter and compared between the genders and among the various age groups.Results: The mean age of the subjects was 38.94 ± 17.00 years (range - 14 to 76 years). The average peripapillary RNFL was found to be 102.64 ± 9.56 μm (95 % CI 97.01 - 101.93). The mean ± SD peripapillary RNFL measurements at the superior, nasal, inferior and temporal sectors in the study population were 129.51 ± 15.09 μm, 76.55 ± 12.02 μm, 134.53 ± 17.19 μm and 70.74 ± 15.53 μm respectively. The average RNFL thickness was 99.47 ± 10.18 μm in the male whereas it was 105.09 ± 8.31 μm in the female participants. The RNFL decreased by 2.26 μm per age per decade.  Conclusion: The Average RNFL thickness is 102.64 ± 9.56 μm in the Nepalese population. Gender and age related variation in the RNFL could serve as a useful guideline in the diagnosis of glaucoma in our population.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nepjoph.v6i2.11709Nepal J Ophthalmol 2014; 6(12): 131-139
Crystalline deposits in the macula – tamoxifen maculopathy or macular telangiectasia?
Authors: Rijal Roshija Khanal , Nakhwa Dr Chinmay , Manavi D Sindal Manavi D Sindal D
Published: December 2014

Introduction: Tamoxifen citrate is an anti-estrogen agent used in the treatment of breast carcinoma. Crystalline maculopathy is a rare complication of tamoxifen therapy. The clinical picture resembles that of idiopathic macular telangiectasia (IMT) Type 2, which is a more common clinical entity.  Objective: To report a case of crystalline maculopathy secondary to tamoxifen and highlight the importance of the medical history and investigations in differentiating it from IMT Type 2.  Case: A diabetic female with a past history of breast carcinoma treated with tamoxifen came to the hospital for a routine eye check-up. Crystalline deposits were seen in the parafoveal region in both the eyes. The spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) showed foveal cysts in the inner retinal layer and fundus autofluorescence (FAF) and fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) were within normal limits.  Conclusion: While tamoxifen maculopathy is reversible on stopping the therapy, IMT needs a long-term follow-up to monitor the potential risk of loss of vision due to choroidal neovascularization, hence necessitating the distinction between these two different clinical entities.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nepjoph.v6i2.11713Nepal J Ophthalmol 2014; 6 (12): 227-229
The investigation and experience of using ESTISOL™ 240 and COASOL™ for ice-core drilling
Authors: Sheldon Simon G. , Steffensen Jørgen P. , Hansen Steffen B. , Popp Trevor J. , Johnsen Sigfús J.
Published: December 2014

Continuous good-quality deep ice cores provide excellent scientific data with which to reconstruct a past climate record for >800 ka. At depths starting from ∼100m using an electromechanical drill, a drilling liquid is essential for successful recovery of the very high-quality ice cores demanded by modern scientific analysis techniques (e.g. continuous flow analysis). Finding a suitable drill fluid for use at deep ice-coring drill sites is not an easy task. Temperatures vary greatly not just from site to site, but also at a site where the average mean temperature from surface to bedrock can vary from –55°C to –2.75°C. In the past 60 years, many fluids have been used, with varying degrees of success, but for various reasons are either unavailable, are now considered unsafe and dangerous or are too environmentally damaging to be permitted. Here we report on our pre-season investigation into possible candidate drill fluids, with specific information concerning ESTISOL™ 240 and COASOL™, the rationale behind the redesign of our drill successfully used at NorthGRIP, Greenland, and EPICA DML, Antarctica, the knock-on effect of those changes, and our field experience in Greenland at Flade Isblink in 2006 and at NEEM in 2009–10.
Docetaxel-Encapsulating Small-Sized Polymeric Micelles with Higher Permeability and Its Efficacy on the Orthotopic Transplantation Model of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Li Yunfei , Li Peiran , Jin Mingji , Jiang Changgao , Gao Zhonggao
Published: December 2014

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) elicits a dense stromal response that blocks vascular access because of pericyte coverage of vascular fenestrations. In this way, the PDAC stroma contributes to chemotherapy resistance, and the small-sized nanocarrier loaded with platinum has been adopted to address this problem which is not suitable for loading docetaxel (DTX). In the present study, we used the poly(d,l-lactide)-b-polyethylene glycol-methoxy (mPEG-b-PDLLA) to encapsulate DTX and got a small-sized polymeric micelle (SPM); meanwhile we functionalized the SPM’s surface with TAT peptide (TAT-PM) for a higher permeability. The diameters of both SPM and TAT-PM were in the range of 15–26 nm. In vitro experiments demonstrated that TAT-PM inhibited Capan-2 Luc PDAC cells growth more efficiently and induced more apoptosis compared to SPM and Duopafei. The in vivo therapeutic efficiencies of SPM and TAT-PM compared to free DTX was investigated on the orthotopic transplantation model of Capan-2 Luc. SPM exerted better therapeutic efficiency than free DTX, however, TAT-PM didn’t outperformed SPM. Overall, these results disclosed that SPM could represent a new therapeutic approach against pancreatic cancer, but its permeability to PDAC was not the only decisive factor.
Droplets: Unconventional Protocell Model with Life-Like Dynamics and Room to Grow
Authors: Hanczyc Martin
Published: December 2014

Over the past few decades, several protocell models have been developed that mimic certain essential characteristics of living cells. These protocells tend to be highly reductionist simplifications of living cells with prominent bilayer membrane boundaries, encapsulated metabolisms and/or encapsulated biologically-derived polymers as potential sources of information coding. In parallel with this conventional work, a novel protocell model based on droplets is also being developed. Such water-in-oil and oil-in-water droplet systems can possess chemical and biochemical transformations and biomolecule production, self-movement, self-division, individuality, group dynamics, and perhaps the fundamentals of intelligent systems and evolution. Given the diverse functionality possible with droplets as mimics of living cells, this system has the potential to be the first true embodiment of artificial life that is an orthologous departure from the one familiar type of biological life. This paper will synthesize the recent activity to develop droplets as protocell models.
Les groupes à médiation et la référence au modèle psychanalytique
Authors: Vivier-Vacheret Claudine
Published: December 2014

Ce texte propose de partir des raisons théorico-cliniques pour lesquelles les praticiens en viennent à installer des dispositifs de groupes à médiation pour faire face à la demande sociale et à la souffrance intrapsychique des patients difficiles. En s’appuyant sur la médiation par l’image photographique, la clinique d’un groupe d’adultes tente de montrer la spécificité et l’efficacité de ce dispositif face à la souffrance psychique. La référence au modèle psychanalytique est nécessaire, et en particulier à la théorie psychanalytique de groupe, mais pour autant, les animateurs de groupe savent que leur pratique n’est ni une extension, ni un détournement, ni une dérive de la pratique psychanalytique. Les dispositifs groupaux ont leur raison d’être à part entière et sont adaptés aux pathologies contemporaines. À ce titre, ils méritent d’être défendus et soutenus par les praticiens eux-mêmes, en particulier les psychologues qui sont formés au groupe et par le politique face à la montée des modèles cognitifs sous prétexte qu’ils sont plus faciles à évaluer. Le paradigme de la psychanalyse mérite d’être étendu aux dispositifs groupaux avec des médiations.
L'objectivité de l'art à l'épreuve du goût
Authors: Glon Emmanuelle
Published: December 2014

Résumé Le goût esthétique peut-il être réduit à une préférence culturelle incarnée ? Que la promotion d’un certain type de valeur esthétique dépende d’un contexte – qu’il soit social, économique, idéologique, générationnel, etc. – où s’actualisent des dispositions, a été largement popularisée par la sociologie de culture, d’inspiration bourdieusienne en particulier. Mais il reste à expliquer la façon dont elles s’actualisent. Sur le plan théorique, il faudrait notamment se demander si les propositions esthétiques utilisant des concepts d’évaluation, comme par exemple « original », « beau », « innovant », « complexe », etc., peuvent avoir une valeur de vérité. Il y a des valeurs épistémiques, comme la modération, le jugement, l’intelligence, le scrupule, etc. Qu’en est-il des valeurs esthétiques ? Même si les valeurs esthétiques ne sont pas applicables à tout le monde et dans n’importe quel contexte, nous défendons l’idée que nos jugements esthétiques peuvent être valides, autrement dit objectivement valables. L’article propose d’ouvrir le dialogue entre les sciences cognitives et de la sociologie de la culture. Dans la première partie, nous présentons un aperçu des approches existantes développées en sociologie des pratiques culturelles. Puis, après avoir exposé ces approches, nous proposons de les confronter à une analyse épistémologique plus large de la causalité sociale, entre réductionnisme et contextualisme. Dans la dernière partie, nous exposons brièvement « l’hypothèse de l’esthétique populaire », laquelle désigne comme d’autres types de connaissances implicites tels que « la physique populaire », nos interactions spontanées avec un certain type d’objet, à savoir les objets esthétiques.
Registro de  Achatina fulica Bowdich (Mollusca, Gastropoda) no ecótono Cerrado-Caatinga, no sul do Estado do Piauí, Brasil
Authors: Madella Cláudia Renata , Auricchio Paulo
Published: December 2014

Registro de  Achatina fulica Bowdich (Mollusca, Gastropoda) no ecótono Cerrado-Caatinga, no sul do Estado do Piauí, Brasil
LEAF ANATOMY OF YELLOW COTTON TREE: Cochlospermum regium (SCHRANK) PILG., BIXACEAE
Authors: DUARTE Marcia R. , OLIVEIRA R. B. , DRANKA E. R. K. , YANO M.
Published: December 2014

Cochlospermum regium é uma espécie nativa encontrada no Cerrado, conhecida comumente como algodãozinho devido ao aspecto lanuginoso das sementes. É empregada na medicina popular como analgésico, anti-inflamatório e anti-infeccioso. Estudos farmacológicos comprovaram as atividades antinociceptiva, antimicrobiana e antipirética, justificando a sua utilização na terapêutica. Este trabalho objetivou investigar os caracteres anatômicos foliares, úteis para a caracterização e o controle de qualidade farmacognóstico dessa espécie medicinal, bem como para o conhecimento da flora brasileira. O material botânico foi preparado de acordo com técnicas de microscopia fotônica e eletrônica de varredura, incluindo-se testes microquímicos. A folha é anfiestomática, possuindo estômatos anomocíticos na face abaxial e raros estômatos do tipo paracítico na superfície oposta. Tricomas tectores pluricelulares, com células apicais longas, e glandulares peltados estão presentes. O mesofilo é dorsiventral, a nervura central é biconvexa e percorrida por diversos feixes vasculares colaterais dispostos em V, e ocorrem idioblastos com compostos lipofílicos e fenólicos, bem como drusas de oxalato de cálcio. Esses aspectos são relevantes para a caracterização da espécie, porém pesquisa complementar sobre o gênero é necessária para atribuição de valor diagnóstico aos mesmos.
A Gestão Educacional: Reflexões, Complexidades e Desafios.
Authors: Silveira André Stein
Published: December 2014

O texto discorre sobre os desafios na gestão educacional fazendo reflexões sobre o difícil papel do gestor e a complexa relação entre os diversos atores envolvidos no processo educacional. Compara a gestão das organizações de educação com a gestão empresarial mas apresenta os elementos e particularidades do serviço educacional, principalmente pelo fato da escola ser uma instituição de influência e transformação da sociedade local. Discute a necessidade que as empresas estão tendo pela carência de mão de obra capacitada, o que as obriga em criar mecanismos como a chamada "educação corporativa" preenchendo uma lacuna que diz respeito ao mundo educacional. O texto encerra a discussão refletindo sobre a difícil transição do educador para o gestor, o que exige dos profissionais um investimento de longo prazo no seu próprio capital intelectual até ser reconhecido como autoridade científica naquele campo em que atua.
Como seria o financiamento de um Sistema Nacional de Educação na perspectiva do Manifesto dos Pioneiros da Educação Nova
Authors: Sena Martins Paulo , Rezende Pinto José Marcelino
Published: December 2014

O artigo analisa as posições apresentadas no Manifesto dos Pioneiros da Educação Nova (1932), com vistas a avaliar os elementos indicativos de um sistema nacional de educação e as bases para o seu financiamento, sob aquelas perspectivas. Para tanto, o texto percorre o contexto de produção e publicação do Manifesto, os signatários, e a analisa o documento propriamente dito. Ao final, produz um balanço preliminar e indica análises para além do próprio Manifesto, buscando cotejar os impactos na legislação e o aprofundamento das propostas de financiamento elaboradas por Anísio Teixeir.
El campo teórico de la política educacional: modelos, abordajes y objetos de estudio
Authors: Tello César Gerónimo
Published: December 2014

Este trabajo, de carácter teórico, se propone presentar algunas reflexiones conceptuales que se vienen desarrollando en el marco de lo que hemos denominado las Epistemologías de la Política Educacional, que, a través del Enfoque de las Epistemologías de la Política Educacional (EEPE) tiene por finalidad proponer un esquema de análisis sobre el campo de investigación de la política educacional como campo teórico, a partir de componentes que contribuyen a la reflexión meta-analítica del campo. Así planteamos tres argumentos desde los cuales se podría definir el objeto de estudio de la política educacional, asumiendo de este modo que su definición, modelo y abordaje es múltiple y multidimensional. El primero argumento se vincula a la categoría de episteme de época, el segundo al posicionamiento epistemológico del investigador y el tercero se refiere al entrelazamiento entre los trazos históricos y el modo de nombrar el campo teórico de la política educacional. Finalmente, desplegamos algunas ideas que pueden orientar la amplitud que posee la intención de definir el objeto de estudio de la política educacional como el estudio de la toma de decisiones en educación.
INFLUÊNCIA DA TEMPERATURA NA PRODUÇÃO DE BIOGÁS A PARTIR DE DEJETOS DA BOVINOCULTURA DE LEITE
Authors: Tietz Caroline Monique , Zenatti Dilcemara Cristina , Feiden Armin , Lupatini Karine Natani , Corrêia Arlindo Fabrício
Published: December 2014

Os biodigestores permitem transformar resíduos poluidores em energia e biofertilizante. Dentre os diferentes tipos de biodigestores, surgiu recentemente o modelo Bioköhler, amplamente utilizado na região Oeste do Paraná e que ainda é pouco estudado. Este trabalho buscou avaliar a influência da temperatura na produção de biogás a partir de dejetos da bovinocultura de leite. O experimento foi realizado entre os dias 17/12/2012 e 02/03/2013, em um biodigestor de 20 m3 localizado na Estação Experimental Antonio Carlos dos Santos Pessoa, pertencente à UNIOESTE – Campus de Marechal Cândido Rondon. Foram obtidos os dados de temperatura interna e externa do biodigestor, volume de biogás produzido e teor de CH4, CO2 e outros gases presentes no biogás. Os resultados indicam que a temperatura média interna se manteve dentro da faixa mesofílica e que somente a temperatura média da região superior não seguiu o comportamento da temperatura externa ao biodigestor, os resultados também mostram que os teores dos gases, entre uma semana e outra, acompanharam a produção média de biogás, e esta produção foi influenciada pela variabilidade da temperatura interna e externa do biodigestor.
Topographic mapping of paterae and layered plains on Io using photoclinometry
Authors: White Oliver L. , Schenk Paul M.
Published: December 2014

We have generated regional scale photoclinometry digital elevation models (DEMs) from Voyager and Galileo imagery of Io that resolve small‐scale topographic features including paterae and layered plains. Given the difficulty of applying this technique to Io due to its anomalous surface albedo properties, we have experimented extensively with the relevant procedures in order to generate what we consider to be the most reliable DEMs. The DEMs have been used to gauge the depths of 23 paterae and the heights of 12 layered plains outcrops, and we find the very similar relief and frequent close association of the two landforms to support the existence of a mixed silicate‐volatile layer covering much of the surface of Io.
The Effect of Surface Modification of Silica Nanoparticles on the Morphological and Mechanical Properties of Bismaleimide/Diamine Matrices
Authors: Sipaut Coswald S. , Mansa Rachel F. , Padavettan Vejayakumaran , Rahman Ismail Ab. , Dayou Jedol , Jafarzadeh Mohammad
Published: December 2014

Silica and surface‐modified silica nanoparticles were successfully incorporated into bismaleimide/diamine (BMI/DDM) matrices using a combinatory procedure that involved pretreatment of filler, mechanical mixing, ageing in BMI melt, and melt mixing. Fillers with different sizes and surface modification (of expoxide and BMI groups) showed to some extent the catalytic effect of the cure reaction on the matrix, without any negative effects. Nonmodified nanoparticles were found to interact with the BMI/DDM matrix through hydrogen bonding, whereas the surface‐modified nanoparticles exhibited strong adherence to the polymer matrix through covalent bonding. Morphological analysis revealed that surface‐modified nanoparticles were homogenously distributed within the polymer matrix, whereas the pure silica filler formed large aggregates due to strong filler–filler interactions. Nanocomposites reinforced with surface‐modified silica nanoparticles showed significant improvements over pure silica, and improvements were also noted in the thermo mechanical properties and thermal stability of the neat BMI/DDM, such as the storage tensile modulus and glass transition temperature. A reduction in the coefficient of thermal expansion was also noted.
EPR‐Based Approach for the Localization of Paramagnetic Metal Ions in Biomolecules
Authors: Abdullin Dinar , Florin Nicole , Hagelueken Gregor , Schiemann Olav
Published: December 2014

Metal ions play an important role in the catalysis and folding of proteins and oligonucleotides. Their localization within the three‐dimensional fold of such biomolecules is therefore an important goal in understanding structure–function relationships. A trilateration approach for the localization of metal ions by means of long‐range distance measurements based on electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) is introduced. The approach is tested on the Cu2+ center of azurin, and factors affecting the precision of the method are discussed.
Unusual Ultra‐Hydrophilic, Porous Carbon Cuboids for Atmospheric‐Water Capture
Authors: Hao Guang‐Ping , Mondin Giovanni , Zheng Zhikun , Biemelt Tim , Klosz Stefan , Schubel René , Eychmüller Alexander , Kaskel Stefan
Published: December 2014

There is significant interest in high‐performance materials that can directly and efficiently capture water vapor, particularly from air. Herein, we report a class of novel porous carbon cuboids with unusual ultra‐hydrophilic properties, over which the synergistic effects between surface heterogeneity and micropore architecture is maximized, leading to the best atmospheric water‐capture performance among porous carbons to date, with a water capacity of up to 9.82 mmol g−1 at P/P0=0.2 and 25 °C (20 % relative humidity or 6000 ppm). Benefiting from properties, such as defined morphology, narrow pore size distribution, and high heterogeneity, this series of functional carbons may serve as model materials for fundamental research on carbon chemistry and the advance of new types of materials for water‐vapor capture as well as other applications requiring combined highly hydrophilic surface chemistry, developed hierarchical porosity, and excellent stability.
Microporous La–Metal–Organic Framework (MOF) with Large Surface Area
Authors: Pal Souvik , Bhunia Asamanjoy , Jana Partha P. , Dey Subarna , Möllmer Jens , Janiak Christoph , Nayek Hari Pada
Published: December 2014

A microporous La–metal‐organic framework (MOF) has been synthesized by the reaction of La(NO3)3⋅6 H2O with a ligand 4,4′,4′′‐s‐triazine‐1,3,5‐triyltri‐p‐aminobenzoate (TATAB) featuring three carboxylate groups. Crystal structure analysis confirms the formation of 3D MOF with hexagonal micropores, a Brunauer–Emmett—Teller (BET) surface area of 1074 m2 g−1 and high thermal and chemical stability. The CO2 adsorption capacities are 76.8 cm3 g−1 at 273 K and 34.6 cm3 g−1 at 293 K, a highest measured CO2 uptake for a Ln–MOFs.
Discovery of Mono‐ and Disubstituted 1H‐Pyrazolo[3,4]pyrimidines and 9H‐Purines as Catalytic Inhibitors of Human DNA Topoisomerase IIα
Authors: Pogorelčnik Barbara , Brvar Matjaž , Žegura Bojana , Filipič Metka , Solmajer Tom , Perdih Andrej
Published: December 2014

Human DNA topoisomerase IIα (htIIα) is a validated target for the development of anticancer agents. Based on structural data regarding the binding mode of AMP‐PNP (5′‐adenylyl‐β,γ‐imidodiphosphate) to htIIα, we designed a two‐stage virtual screening campaign that combines structure‐based pharmacophores and molecular docking. In the first stage, we identified several monosubstituted 9H‐purine compounds and a novel class of 1H‐pyrazolo[3,4]pyrimidines as inhibitors of htIIα. In the second stage, disubstituted analogues with improved cellular activities were discovered. Compounds from both classes were shown to inhibit htIIα‐mediated DNA decatenation, and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) experiments confirmed binding of these two compounds on the htIIα ATPase domain. Proposed complexes and interaction patterns between both compounds and htIIα were further analyzed in molecular dynamics simulations. Two compounds identified in the second stage showed promising anticancer activities in hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) and breast cancer (MCF‐7) cell lines. The discovered compounds are suitable starting points for further hit‐to‐lead development in anticancer drug discovery.
Stakeholders' Beliefs About the TOEFL iBT® Test as a Measure of Academic Language Ability
Authors: Malone Margaret E. , Montee Megan
Published: December 2014

The TOEFL iBT® test presents test takers with tasks meant to simulate the tasks required of students in English‐medium universities. Research establishing the validity argument for the test provides evidence for score interpretation and the use of the test for university admissions and placement. Now that the test has been operational for several years, additional evidence is needed to support the validity argument, as well as to identify directions for future research or changes to the test. To address this need, this study examines the extent to which students, instructors, and university administrators understand and agree with the construct of academic language underlying TOEFL iBT tasks.
High‐Throughput Synthesis as a Technology Platform for Copolymer Libraries
Authors: Baudis Stefan , Lendlein Andreas , Behl Marc
Published: December 2014

Quantitative structure‐property relationships are of utmost importance for the rational design of materials. A systematic variation of one structure parameter in a series of polymers requires a large number of syntheses. Here combinatorial techniques are the method of choice. In this study high‐throughput methods were applied for the synthesis and characterization of polymer libraries with stepwise changed composition to build up such material libraries. A high‐throughput workflow was established, in which 112 different copolymerizations were performed. The polymers were characterized by means of NMR and FTIR (composition), GPC (number average molecular weight, and DSC (glass transition temperature, Tg). The gradually changed composition of the copolymers with number average molecular weights of around 150 kg ∙ mol‐1 was confirmed and structure‐property relationships between composition and Tgs ranging between 102 and 126 °C were proposed, rendering the polymer libraries now as a technology platform for further studies.
Cannabinoid CB1 receptors activation and coactivation with D2 receptors modulate GABAergic neurotransmission in the globus pallidus and increase motor asymmetry
Authors: Muñoz‐Arenas Guadalupe , Paz‐Bermúdez Francisco , Báez‐Cordero Ana , Caballero‐Florán René , González‐Hernández Brenda , Florán Benjamín , Daniel Limón I.
Published: December 2014

The cannabinoid CB1 (CB1R) and dopaminergic D2 (D2R) receptors modify GABAergic transmission in the globus pallidus. Although dopaminergic denervation produces changes in the expression and supersensitization of these receptors, the consequences of these changes on GABAergic neurotransmission are unknown. The aim of this study was to show the effects of CB1R and D2R activation and coactivation on the uptake and release of [3H]GABA in the globus pallidus of hemiparkinsonian rats as well as their effects on motor behavior. The activation of CB1R blocked GABA uptake and decreased GABA release in the globus pallidus in the dopamine denervated side, whereas the co‐activation of CB1R‐D2R increased GABA release and had no effect on GABA uptake. A microinjection of the CB1R agonist ACEA into the globus pallidus ipsilaterally to a 6‐OHDA lesion potentiated turning behavior that was induced by methamphetamine. However, a microinjection of the D2R agonist quinpirole did not modify this behavior, and a microinjection of a mixture of CB1R and D2R agonists significantly potentiated turning behavior. The behavioral effects produced after the activation of the CB1R and the co‐activation of CB1R and D2R can be explained by increased GABAergic neurotransmission produced by a block of GABA uptake and an increase in the release of GABA in the globus pallidus, respectively. Synapse 69:103–114, 2015.  © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Personalized Medicine Through SNP Testing for Breast Cancer Risk: Clinical Implementation
Authors: Howe Rebecca , Miron‐Shatz Talya , Hanoch Yaniv , Omer Zehra B. , O'Donoghue Cristina , Ozanne Elissa M.
Published: December 2014

Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have the potential to improve personalized medicine in breast cancer care. As new SNPs are discovered, further enhancing risk classification, SNP testing may serve to complement family history and phenotypic risk factors when assessed in a clinical setting. SNP analysis is particularly relevant to high‐risk women who may seek out such information to guide their decision‐making around risk‐reduction. However, little is known about how high‐risk women may respond to SNP testing with regard to clinical decision‐making. We examined high‐risk women's interest in SNP testing for breast cancer risk through an online survey of hypothetical testing scenarios. Women stated their preferences for sharing test results and selected the most likely follow‐up action they would pursue in each of the test result scenarios (above average and below average risk for breast cancer). Four hundred seventy‐eight women participated. Most women (89 %) did not know what a SNP was prior to the study. Once SNP testing was described, 75 % were interested in SNP testing. Participants stated an interest in lifestyle interventions for risk‐reduction and wanted to discuss their testing results with their doctor or a genetic counselor. Women are interested in SNP testing and are prepared to make lifestyle changes based on testing results. Women's preference for discussing testing results with a healthcare provider aligns with the current trend towards SNP testing in a clinical setting.
COCOMPACT LATTICES ON Ãn BUILDINGS
Authors: CAPDEBOSCQ INNA , RUMYNIN DMITRIY , THOMAS ANNE
Published: December 2014

We construct cocompact lattices Γ'0 < Γ0 in the group G = PGLd$({\mathbb{F}_q(\!(t)\!)\!})$ which are type-preserving and act transitively on the set of vertices of each type in the building Δ associated to G. These lattices are commensurable with the lattices of Cartwright–Steger Isr. J. Math.103 (1998), 125–140. The stabiliser of each vertex in Γ'0 is a Singer cycle and the stabiliser of each vertex in Γ0 is isomorphic to the normaliser of a Singer cycle in PGLd(q). We show that the intersections of Γ'0 and Γ0 with PSLd$({\mathbb{F}_q(\!(t)\!)\!})$ are lattices in PSLd$({\mathbb{F}_q(\!(t)\!)\!})$, and identify the pairs (d, q) such that the entire lattice Γ'0 or Γ0 is contained in PSLd$({\mathbb{F}_q(\!(t)\!)\!})$. Finally we discuss minimality of covolumes of cocompact lattices in SL3$({\mathbb{F}_q(\!(t)\!)\!})$. Our proofs combine the construction of Cartwright–Steger Isr. J. Math.103 (1998), 125–140 with results about Singer cycles and their normalisers, and geometric arguments.
Elternarbeit und Elterntraining
Authors: Kamp-Becker Inge , Becker Katja , Petermann Ulrike
Published: December 2014

Immer mehr Familien suchen professionelle Unterstützung bei der Erziehung ihrer Kinder. Interventionen unter engem Einbezug der Eltern sind eine gute Möglichkeit, die Beziehung von Eltern und ihren Kindern positiv zu gestalten, die Entwicklung der Kinder zu fördern und Verhaltensauffälligkeiten zu reduzieren. Im Themenschwerpunkt wird ein Überblick über die aktuelle Evidenz von Elternarbeit und Elterntraining in der Behandlung (und auch Prävention) von kindlichen Verhaltensauffälligkeiten und zur Reduzierung von dysfunktionalen Erziehungspraktiken gegeben. Trotz überzeugender Evidenzlage für verschiedene Elterntrainings (insbesondere Triple P, PCIT, Incredible Years) ist das Angebot an frühen, evidenzbasierten Interventionen und indizierten Präventionsangeboten unter engem Einbezug der Eltern gegenwärtig noch nicht zufriedenstellend und sollte unbedingt weiter ausgebaut werden.
Brain Endothelial miR-146a Negatively Modulates T-Cell Adhesion through Repressing Multiple Targets to Inhibit NF-κB Activation
Authors: Wu Dongsheng , Cerutti Camilla , Lopez-Ramirez Miguel A , Pryce Gareth , King-Robson Josh , Simpson Julie E , van der Pol Susanne MA , Hirst Mark C , de Vries Helga E , Sharrack Basil , Baker David , Male David K , Michael Gregory J , Romero Ignacio A
Published: December 2014

Pro-inflammatory cytokine-induced activation of nuclear factor, NF-κB has an important role in leukocyte adhesion to, and subsequent migration across, brain endothelial cells (BECs), which is crucial for the development of neuroinflammatory disorders such as multiple sclerosis (MS). In contrast, microRNA-146a (miR-146a) has emerged as an anti-inflammatory molecule by inhibiting NF-κB activity in various cell types, but its effect in BECs during neuroinflammation remains to be evaluated. Here, we show that miR-146a was upregulated in microvessels of MS-active lesions and the spinal cord of mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. In vitro, TNFα and IFNγ treatment of human cerebral microvascular endothelial cells (hCMEC/D3) led to upregulation of miR-146a. Brain endothelial overexpression of miR-146a diminished, whereas knockdown of miR-146a augmented cytokine-stimulated adhesion of T cells to hCMEC/D3 cells, nuclear translocation of NF-κB, and expression of adhesion molecules in hCMEC/D3 cells. Furthermore, brain endothelial miR-146a modulates NF-κB activity upon cytokine activation through targeting two novel signaling transducers, RhoA and nuclear factor of activated T cells 5, as well as molecules previously identified, IL-1 receptor-associated kinase 1, and TNF receptor-associated factor 6. We propose brain endothelial miR-146a as an endogenous NF-κB inhibitor in BECs associated with decreased leukocyte adhesion during neuroinflammation.
Acoustic Manipulation Combined with Other Force Fields
Authors: Glynne-Jones Peter , Hill Martyn
Published: December 2014

In this chapter we discuss applications in which acoustic radiation forces are used in conjunction with competing or complementary force fields. This may be in order to enable manipulation operations that would not be easily performed by either force field alone, or may be used to effect separation based on the different physical principles underlying competing fields. Examples are given of a number of different applications in which acoustic forces are combined with gravitational fields, hydrodynamic forces, electric fields (including dielectrophoresis), magnetic forces and optical forces.
Analysis of Acoustic Streaming by Perturbation Methods
Authors: Sadhal Satwindar Singh
Published: December 2014

Streaming is an interesting phenomenon that arises due the nonlinear behaviour of fluids undergoing oscillations. The nonzero mean flow that takes place in the background of the oscillatory flow is referred to as streaming. We have presented here perturbation techniques that can be employed to understand the detailed fluid dynamics for systems where streaming happens, and our focus is on the Schlichting-type streaming that takes place when an oscillating fluid interacts with a solid surface where vorticity is generated and nonlinearities set in. It has been demonstrated that this type of streaming can also occur due to interaction at fluid–fluid interfaces. This chapter is dedicated to perturbation methods whereby analytical solutions can be developed for the nonlinear problems when a set of small parameters can be identified. The discussion deals with some one- and two-dimensional cases followed by three-dimensional axisymmetric situations involving spherical particles, drops and bubbles.
Microscopy for Acoustofluidic Micro-Devices
Authors: Wiklund Martin , Brismar Hjalmar , Önfelt Björn
Published: December 2014

In this chapter, we discuss the implementation and practice of optical microscopy in acoustofluidic micro-devices. Examples are given from imaging of acoustophoretic manipulation of particles and cells in microfluidic channels, but most of the discussion is applicable to imaging in any lab-on-a-chip device. The discussion includes basic principles of optical microscopy, different microscopy modes and applications, and design criteria for micro-devices compatible with basic as well as advanced optical microscopy.