bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Coordinating tiny limbs and long bodies: Geometric mechanics of lizard terrestrial swimming
Authors: Chong Baxi , Wang Tianyu , Erickson Eva , Bergmann Philip J. , Goldman Daniel I.
Published: June 2022

Although typically possessing four limbs and short bodies, lizards have evolved diverse morphologies, including elongate trunks with tiny limbs. Such forms are hypothesized to aid locomotion in cluttered/fossorial environments but propulsion mechanisms (e.g., the use of body and/or limbs to interact with substrates) and potential body/limb coordination remain unstudied. Here, we use biological experiments, a geometric theory of locomotion, and robophysical models to investigate body–limb coordination in diverse lizards. Locomotor field studies in short-limbed, elongate lizards (
Brachymeles
and
Lerista
) and laboratory studies of fully limbed lizards (
Uma scoparia
and
Sceloporus olivaceus
) and a snake (
Chionactis occipitalis
) reveal that body-wave dynamics can be described by a combination of standing and traveling waves; the ratio of the amplitudes of these components is inversely related to the degree of limb reduction and body elongation. The geometric theory (which replaces laborious calculation with diagrams) helps explain our observations, predicting that the advantage of traveling-wave body undulations (compared with a standing wave) emerges when the dominant thrust-generation mechanism arises from the body rather than the limbs and reveals that such soil-dwelling lizards propel via “terrestrial swimming” like sand-swimming lizards and snakes. We test our hypothesis by inducing the use of traveling waves in stereotyped lizards via modulating the ground-penetration resistance. Study of a limbed/undulatory robophysical model demonstrates that a traveling wave is beneficial when propulsion is generated by body–environment interaction. Our models could be valuable in understanding functional constraints on the evolutionary processes of elongation and limb reduction as well as advancing robot designs.
Statistical signature of electrobreakdown in graphene nanojunctions
Authors: Evangeli Charalambos , Tewari Sumit , Kruip Jonathan Marcell , Bian Xinya , Swett Jacob L. , Cully John , Thomas James , Briggs G. Andrew D. , Mol Jan A.
Published: June 2022

Controlled electrobreakdown of graphene is important for the fabrication of stable nanometer-size tunnel gaps, large-scale graphene quantum dots, and nanoscale resistive switches, etc. However, owing to the complex thermal, electronic, and electrochemical processes at the nanoscale that dictate the rupture of graphene, it is difficult to generate conclusions from individual devices. We describe here a way to explore the statistical signature of the graphene electrobreakdown process. Such analysis tells us that feedback-controlled electrobreakdown of graphene in the air first shows signs of joule heating-induced cleaning followed by rupturing of the graphene lattice that is manifested by the lowering of its conductance. We show that when the conductance of the graphene becomes smaller than around 0.1
G
0
, the effective graphene notch width starts to decrease exponentially slower with time. Further, we show how this signature gets modified as we change the environment and or the substrate. Using statistical analysis, we show that the electrobreakdown under a high vacuum could lead to substrate modification and resistive-switching behavior, without the application of any electroforming voltage. This is attributed to the formation of a semiconducting filament that makes a Schottky barrier with the graphene. We also provide here the statistically extracted Schottky barrier threshold voltages for various substrate studies. Such analysis not only gives a better understanding of the electrobreakdown of graphene but also can serve as a tool in the future for single-molecule diagnostics.
Activating STING1-dependent immune signaling inTP53mutant and wild-type acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Kogan Aksinija A. , Topper Michael J. , Dellomo Anna J. , Stojanovic Lora , McLaughlin Lena J. , Creed T. Michael , Eberly Christian L. , Kingsbury Tami J. , Baer Maria R. , Kessler Michael D. , Baylin Stephen B. , Rassool Feyruz V.
Published: June 2022

DNA methyltransferase inhibitors (DNMTis) reexpress hypermethylated genes in cancers and leukemias and also activate endogenous retroviruses (ERVs), leading to interferon (IFN) signaling, in a process known as viral mimicry. In the present study we show that in the subset of acute myeloid leukemias (AMLs) with mutations inTP53, associated with poor prognosis, DNMTis, important drugs for treatment of AML, enable expression of ERVs and IFN and inflammasome signaling in a STING-dependent manner. We previously reported that in solid tumors poly ADP ribose polymerase inhibitors (PARPis) combined with DNMTis to induce an IFN/inflammasome response that is dependent on STING1 and is mechanistically linked to generation of a homologous recombination defect (HRD). We now show that STING1 activity is actually increased inTP53mutant compared with wild-type (WT)TP53AML. Moreover, inTP53mutant AML, STING1-dependent IFN/inflammatory signaling is increased by DNMTi treatment, whereas in AMLs with WTTP53, DNMTis alone have no effect. While combining DNMTis with PARPis increases IFN/inflammatory gene expression in WTTP53AML cells, signaling induced inTP53mutant AML is still several-fold higher. Notably, induction of HRD in bothTP53mutant and WT AMLs follows the pattern of STING1-dependent IFN and inflammatory signaling that we have observed with drug treatments. These findings increase our understanding of the mechanisms that underlie DNMTi + PARPi treatment, and also DNMTi combinations with immune therapies, suggesting a personalized approach that statifies byTP53status, for use of such therapies, including potential immune activation of STING1 in AML and other cancers.
Cosmogenic nuclide dating of
Australopithecus
at Sterkfontein, South Africa
Authors: Granger Darryl E. , Stratford Dominic , Bruxelles Laurent , Gibbon Ryan J. , Clarke Ronald J. , Kuman Kathleen
Published: June 2022

Sterkfontein is the most prolific single source of
Australopithecus
fossils, the vast majority of which were recovered from Member 4, a cave breccia now exposed by erosion and weathering at the landscape surface. A few other
Australopithecus
fossils, including the StW 573 skeleton, come from subterranean deposits [T. C. Partridge
et al.
,
Science
300, 607–612 (2003); R. J. Clarke, K. Kuman,
J. Hum. Evol.
134, 102634 (2019)]. Here, we report a cosmogenic nuclide isochron burial date of 3.41 ± 0.11 million years (My) within the lower middle part of Member 4, and simple burial dates of 3.49 ± 0.19 My in the upper middle part of Member 4 and 3.61 ± 0.09 My in Jacovec Cavern. Together with a previously published isochron burial date of 3.67 ± 0.16 My for StW 573 [D. E. Granger
et al.
,
Nature
522, 85–88 (2015)], these results place nearly the entire
Australopithecus
assemblage at Sterkfontein in the mid-Pliocene, contemporaneous with
Australopithecus afarensis
in East Africa. Our ages for the fossil-bearing breccia in Member 4 are considerably older than the previous ages of ca. 2.1 to 2.6 My interpreted from flowstones associated with the same deposit. We show that these previously dated flowstones are stratigraphically intrusive within Member 4 and that they therefore underestimate the true age of the fossils.
Physicians prescribe fewer analgesics during night shifts than day shifts
Authors: Choshen-Hillel Shoham , Sadras Ido , Gordon-Hecker Tom , Genzer Shir , Rekhtman David , Caruso Eugene M. , Clements Koby L. , Ohler Adrienne , Gozal David , Israel Salomon , Perry Anat , Gileles-Hillel Alex
Published: June 2022

Adequate pain management is one of the biggest challenges of the modern healthcare system. Physician perception of patient subjective pain, which is crucial to pain management, is susceptible to a host of potential biases. Here we explore the timing of physicians’ work as a previously unrecognized source of systematic bias in pain management. We hypothesized that during night shifts, sleep deprivation, fatigue, and stress would reduce physicians’ empathy for others’ pain, leading to underprescription of analgesics for patient pain relief. In study 1, 67 resident physicians, either following a night shift or not, performed empathy for pain assessment tasks and simulated patient scenarios in laboratory conditions. As predicted, following a night shift, physicians showed reduced empathy for pain. In study 2, we explored this phenomenon in medical decisions in the field. We analyzed three emergency department datasets from Israel and the United States that included discharge notes of patients arriving with pain complaints during 2013 to 2020 (
n
= 13,482). Across all datasets, physicians were less likely to prescribe an analgesic during night shifts (compared to daytime shifts) and prescribed fewer analgesics than generally recommended by the World Health Organization. This effect remained significant after adjusting for patient, physician, type of complaint, and emergency department characteristics. Underprescription for pain during night shifts was particularly prominent for opioids. We conclude that night shift work is an important and previously unrecognized source of bias in pain management, likely stemming from impaired perception of pain. We consider the implications for hospitals and other organizations employing night shifts.
Early human B cell signatures of the primary antibody response to mRNA vaccination
Authors: Kardava Lela , Rachmaninoff Nicholas , Lau William W. , Buckner Clarisa M. , Trihemasava Krittin , Blazkova Jana , Lopes de Assis Felipe , Wang Wei , Zhang Xiaozhen , Wang Yimeng , Chiang Chi-I , Narpala Sandeep , McCormack Genevieve E. , Liu Can , Seamon Catherine A. , Sneller Michael C. , O’Connell Sarah , Li Yuxing , McDermott Adrian B. , Chun Tae-Wook , Fauci Anthony S. , Tsang John S. , Moir Susan
Published: June 2022

Messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are highly effective at inducing protective immunity. However, weak antibody responses are seen in some individuals, and cellular correlates of immunity remain poorly defined, especially for B cells. Here we used unbiased approaches to longitudinally dissect primary antibody, plasmablast, and memory B cell (MBC) responses to the two-dose mRNA-1273 vaccine in SARS-CoV-2–naive adults. Coordinated immunoglobulin A (IgA) and IgG antibody responses were preceded by bursts of spike-specific plasmablasts after both doses but earlier and more intensely after dose 2. While antibody and B cell cellular responses were generally robust, they also varied within the cohort and decreased over time after a dose-2 peak. Both antigen-nonspecific postvaccination plasmablast frequency after dose 1 and their spike-specific counterparts early after dose 2 correlated with subsequent antibody levels. This correlation between early plasmablasts and antibodies remained for titers measured at 6 months after vaccination. Several distinct antigen-specific MBC populations emerged postvaccination with varying kinetics, including two MBC populations that correlated with 2- and 6-month antibody titers. Both were IgG-expressing MBCs: one less mature, appearing as a correlate after the first dose, while the other MBC correlate showed a more mature and resting phenotype, emerging as a correlate later after dose 2. This latter MBC was also a major contributor to the sustained spike-specific MBC response observed at month 6. Thus, these plasmablasts and MBCs that emerged after both the first and second doses with distinct kinetics are potential determinants of the magnitude and durability of antibodies in response to mRNA-based vaccination.
Cross-linguistic influence in the acquisition of L3 variation
Authors: Park Mihi
Published: June 2022

This chapter addresses stylistic and obligatory variation in third language (L3) argument realization patterns. It
focuses on the effects of formal second language (L2) learning experience, typological proximity, and five linguistic factors
(discourse type, clause type, verb type, NP animacy, NP person). A corpus analysis of L3 Korean spoken production demonstrates
that the considered linguistic and developmental factors do influence spoken L3 variation patterns to a certain extent.
However, for the early bilingual participants, the analysis found a strong influence of their first languages (L1s) on their
L3 spoken production, particularly in associating animacy with case. This L1 influence overrides the benefits of formal L2
learning experience and typological proximity on variation patterns in accusative argument realization, which were found in a
prior study of L3 writing (Park & Starr 2019). The findings imply that it may
take longer to acquire target-like sociolinguistic competence in L3 speech than in L3 writing.
Acquiring sociolinguistic competence during study abroad
Authors: Pozzi Rebecca
Published: June 2022

Recent research suggests that students make gains in the acquisition of dialectal features during study abroad;
however, much of the research conducted on this topic in Spanish-speaking contexts has focused on features characteristic of
Spain. This chapter examines the acquisition of three features of Buenos Aires Spanish by 23 North American students studying
in Buenos Aires: (1) sheísmo/zheísmo, the realization of /ʝ/ as either the voiceless palatal fricative [ʃ] or
the voiced palatal fricative [ʒ]; (2) /s/-weakening; and (3) voseo, the use of the informal second person
pronoun vos and its corresponding conjugations. By the end of the semester, learner rates of use of [ʃ] or
[ʒ] are over 90% and their rates of use of vos are over 70%. However, /s/-weakening rates remain low
throughout the semester. These results suggest that students seek to adopt the features of the local variety to which they are
exposed while abroad, particularly when they are highly salient and/or prestigious.
A state-of-art review on gallium oxide field-effect transistors
Authors: Qiao Rundi , Zhang Hongpeng , Zhao Shuting , Yuan Lei , Jia Renxu , Peng Bo , Zhang Yuming
Published: June 2022

As a promising ultra-wide bandgap (UWBG) semiconductor, gallium oxide (Ga2O3) has recently aroused increasing attention in the area for high-power electronics, power switch for radio frequency (RF) operation, and solar blind UV detectors. The β-phase of Ga2O3 is deemed as a potential candidate for next generation high-power electronics due to its high theoretical breakdown electric field (8 MV cm−1), UWBG (4.8 eV), and large Baliga’s figure of merit. Owing to the intensive research efforts across the world since 2013, gallium oxide transistors recently make rapid advances in device design and performance. Until now, high quality large-size bulk Ga2O3 and n-type epi products are successively coming onto the market, as well as there are gratifying progress worldwide to develop more complex epi structures, including β-(Al
x
Ga1−x
)2O3/Ga2O3, β-(In
x
Ga1−x
)2O3/Ga2O3, n-Ga2O3/p-NiO, β-Ga2O3/4H-SiC heterostructures et al. In this paper, the basic physical properties of Ga2O3, and the recent research process of Ga2O3 based transistors field-effect transistor (FET) for high-power electronics and RF are introduced. Furthermore, various state-of-the-art structures and process used in Ga2O3 based FETs have been summarized and compared, including planar/vertical metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET), trench MOSFET, FinFET, modulation-doped FET or called it high electron mobility transistors with two-dimensional electron gas channel, SOI MOSFET, thus the potential of Ga2O3 FETs is preliminary revealed. Finally, the prospect of the Ga2O3 based FET for high-power and RF application will be also analyzed.
Enhanced and tunable asymmetric Imbert–Fedorov and Goos–Hänchen shifts based on epsilon-near-zero response of Weyl semi-metal
Authors: Wu Jipeng , Xiang Yuanjiang , Dai Xiaoyu
Published: June 2022

In this paper, we discuss the Imbert–Fedorov (IF) and Goos–Hänchen (GH) shifts induced by the transverse magnetic polarized light penetrating a bulk Weyl semi-metal (WSM). It is found that the asymmetric IF and GH shifts emerge due to the different energies of left- and right-handed circular polarization components caused by the cross-polarized transmission coefficient t
ps. What is more, the asymmetric IF and GH shifts are enhanced significantly at the epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) frequency, where the condition of the transmission coefficients |t
ps| = |t
pp| is realized because of the decreases in |t
pp|. In particular, the ENZ effect can be controlled with the tilt degree of Weyl cones and Fermi energy, thus leading to the enhanced asymmetric IF and GH shifts at different ENZ frequencies. Additionally, the enhanced asymmetric IF and GH shifts show the tunability of the WSM thickness and Weyl node separation. Finally, the enhanced asymmetric IF and GH shifts in the untilted WSM can also be adjusted with the Weyl node separation. Our findings provide easy and available methods to enhance and control the asymmetric IF and GH shifts with a WSM.
Tower carbon: a new large-cell carbon allotrope
Authors: Fan Qingyang , Chen Shuaiming , Zhao Yingbo , Yu Xinhai , Yun Sining
Published: June 2022

The structural development of novel carbon materials has always been a hot spot in theoretical and experimental research, due to carbon possess a wide range of applications in the fields of industry and electronic technology. In this work, an sp
2 + sp
3 hybrid carbon allotrope, named tower carbon, is proposed and studied based on density functional theory, including its structure, stability, electronic and mechanical properties. The crystal structure of tower carbon is like a Chinese classical architectural tower, so it is named tower carbon, which belongs to the cubic crystal system, and it is stable in thermodynamics, dynamics, and mechanics. The electronic band structure of tower carbon is calculated by Heyd–Scuseria–Ernzerhof hybrid functional. The results show that tower carbon is metallic material. In addition, the anisotropy factor of tower carbon and the directional dependence of Young’s modulus, shear modulus, and Poisson’s ratio are estimated. Compared with cF320, the tower carbon has less anisotropy.
Non-Floquet engineering in periodically driven dissipative open quantum systems
Authors: Wang Huan-Yu , Zhao Xiao-Ming , Zhuang Lin , Liu Wu-Ming
Published: June 2022

Floquet engineering plays a key role in realizing novel dynamical topological states. The conventional Floquet engineering, however, only applies to time-periodic non-dissipative Hermitian systems, and for the open quantum systems, non-Hermitian processes usually occur. So far, it remains unclear how to characterize the topological phases of time-periodic open quantum systems via the frequency space Floquet Hamiltonian. Here, we propose the non-Floquet theory to solve the problem and illustrate it by a continuously time-periodic non-Hermitian bipartite chain. In non-Floquet theory, a temporal non-unitary transformation is exercised on the Floquet states, and the transformed Floquet spectrum restores the form of the Wannier–Stark ladder. Besides, we also show that different choices of the starting points of the driving period can result in different localization behavior, effects of which can reversely be utilized to design quantum detectors of phases in dissipative oscillating fields. Our methods are capable of describing topological features in dynamical open quantum systems with various driving types and can find its applications to construct new types of dynamical topological materials.
An improved method for real-time PPP timing and time transfer with broadcast ephemerides
Authors: Ge Yulong , Cao Xinyun , Zhou Feng , Shen Fei , Ke Fuyang , Yang Xuhai
Published: June 2022

Due to the problem of network communication, it is difficult to ensure the reliability of real-time precise point positioning (PPP) timing/time transfer with real-time precise products. With the continued reduction in the signal-in-space range error, the performance and feasibility of GPS and Galileo PPP timing/time transfer with broadcast ephemeris were analyzed for the first time in real time. Then, we present a smoothing method and time-series decomposition method to reduce the noise and the interpolation error for GPS and Galileo PPP timing\time transfer with broadcast ephemeris in real time. The results show that GPS or Galileo PPP timing with broadcast ephemeris can achieve a 4 × 1 × 10−14 level at 15 360 s in the current state. The accuracy is about (0.46–0.81) ns and (0.44–0.61) ns for GPS and Galileo PPP time transfer. The frequency stability is at about 7.0 × 1 × 10−14 and 5.0 × 1 × 10−14 levels at 15 360 s for GPS and Galileo PPP. It is important to note that by applying our approach, the maximum improvement in frequency stability for GPS and Galileo PPP timing/time transfer is up to 99%. Furthermore, the average accuracy of GPS or Galileo PPP time transfer can achieve approximately 0.3 ns, which is an improvement of up to 67.3% compared to the traditional method.
Optical system for the measurement of the surface topography of additively manufactured parts
Authors: Vilar Narcís , Artigas Roger , Bermudez Carlos , Thompson Adam , Newton Lewis , Leach Richard , Duocastella Martí , Carles Guillem
Published: June 2022

Additive manufacturing (AM) is now regularly used for customised fabrication of parts with complex shapes and geometries. However, the large range of relevant scales, high slopes, step-like transitions, undercuts, alternation between dark and overly bright regions and other complex features present on the surfaces, in particular of metal additive parts, represent a significant challenge for current optical measurement technologies. Measuring surfaces with such complex features requires high numerical aperture (NA) optics, and state-of-the-art systems commonly include optics that can only reliably acquire surface topographies over a small field of view (FOV), typically tens or hundreds of micrometers. Such measurements are often insufficient for practical applications. Here, we present an optical system that features a large NA (

>

0.3) and a wide FOV

2.9
×
2.9

 mm, capable of measuring AM parts in a single measurement, without the need for lateral stitching to increase the FOV. The proposed system exhibits optical properties that provide facility for large-field, high-resolution measurement of industrially-produced additively manufactured parts.
Evidence of decoupling of surface and bulk states in Dirac semimetal Cd3As2
Authors: Yu W , Rademacher D X , Valdez N R , Rodriguez M A , Nenoff T M , Pan W
Published: June 2022

Dirac semimetals have attracted a great deal of current interests due to their potential applications in topological quantum computing, low-energy electronic devices, and single photon detection in the microwave frequency range. Herein are results from analyzing the low magnetic (B) field weak-antilocalization behaviors in a Dirac semimetal Cd3As2 thin flake device. At high temperatures, the phase coherence length l
ϕ first increases with decreasing temperature (T) and follows a power law dependence of l
ϕ ∝ T
−0.4. Below ∼3 K, l
ϕ tends to saturate to a value of ∼180 nm. Another fitting parameter α, which is associated with independent transport channels, displays a logarithmic temperature dependence for T > 3 K, but also tends to saturate below ∼3 K. The saturation value, ∼1.45, is very close to 1.5, indicating three independent electron transport channels, which we interpret as due to decoupling of both the top and bottom surfaces as well as the bulk. This result, to our knowledge, provides first evidence that the surfaces and bulk states can become decoupled in electronic transport in Dirac semimetal Cd3As2.
Sensitivity improvement of hybrid active layer containing 2D nanoplatelets for indirect x-ray detector
Authors: Lee Jehoon , Yoo Kyunghan , Liu Hailiang , Kang Jungwon
Published: June 2022

In this paper, we attempted to improve the detection sensitivity of an indirect x-ray detector through using a hybrid active layer composed of a poly [N-90-heptadecanyl–2,7-carbazole-alt-5,5-(40,70-di-2-thienyl-20,10,30-benzothiadiazole)] (PCDTBT) organic semiconductor and cadmium selenide nanoplatelets (CdSe NPLs) colloidal inorganic semiconductors. First, different blending ratio in the active layer (i.e. 2:1, 1:1, 1:2 and 1:3) of PCDTBT:CdSe NPL were examined, a sensitivity of 89.5 μC·Gyair
−1·cm−2 was achieved using a 1:1 ratio due to the low series resistance (RS
) and defect density in this configuration. Then, the oleic acid (OA) that was initially applied in the CdSe NPL surface was replaced with pyridine ligands, this was done because the pyridine ligand is a short-chain ligand that can help charge transfer by reducing the distance between NPLs in the active layer. In addition, an experiment was conducted to determine the optimal ligand exchange time. A detector with an PCDTBT:CdSe NPL active layer fabricated using pyridine ligand exchange achieved a sensitivity of 219.8 μC·Gyair
−1·cm−2 after an exchange time of 12 h, this is an improvement of 155% compared to the detector using a PCDTBT:CdSe NPL with the original OA ligands. Lastly, the optimal thickness for the PCDTBT:CdSe NPL active layer was investigated. The highest mobility of 7.60 × 10− 6 cm2/V·s was recorded after fabricating the layer using spin-coating at 1900 rpm, the highest sensitivity of 314.0 μC·Gyair
−1·cm−2 was also achieved under these conditions. Compared to the initial state of the detector, our modifications improved the sensitivity of the PCDTBT:CdSe NPL detector by 251%.
Repeatability of ventilatory, metabolic and biomechanical responses to an intermittent incremental swimming protocol
Authors: Monteiro Ana Sofia , Carvalho Diogo D , Elói Ana , Silva Francisco , Vilas-Boas João Paulo , Buzzachera Cosme F , Fernandes Ricardo J
Published: June 2022

Objective. This study aimed to determine the repeatability of ventilatory, metabolic and biomechanical variables assessed at a large spectrum of front crawl swimming intensities. We hypothesized a strong agreement (combined with a small range of variation) between a typical step protocol performed in two experimental moments. Approach. Forty competitive swimmers performed a 7 × 200 m front crawl intermittent incremental protocol (0.05 m·s−1 velocity rises and 30 s intervals) on two different occasions (48–72 h apart). Pulmonary gas exchange and ventilation were continuously measured breath-by-breath, metabolic variables were assessed during the intervals and biomechanical analysis was done at every protocol step. Main results. Concomitantly with the velocity increment, oxygen uptake, carbon dioxide production, ventilation, respiratory frequency, respiratory exchange ratio, averaged expiratory concentrations, end tidal oxygen and ventilatory equivalents for oxygen and carbon dioxide and blood lactate concentrations rose (p < 0.001), averaged expiratory concentrations and end tidal carbon dioxide and duration of inspiration, expiration and total breathing cycle decreased (p < 0.001), while tidal volume and volumes of oxygen and carbon dioxide expired maintained constant. Stroke frequency and stroke length increased and decreased (respectively) with the swimming velocity raise. No differences between experimental moments were observed in most of the assessed variables (p > 0.05), with a low dispersion (0.49%–9.94%) except for lactate concentrations and inspiration and expiration durations (11.00%–17.16%). Moderate-nearly perfect direct relationships and a good-excellent degree of reliability between moments were verified for all the assessed variables (r = 0.50–1.00, ICC = 0.76–1.00, p < 0.001), except for respiratory exchange ratio. Significance. The reliability analysis confirmed the repeatability of the assessed ventilatory, metabolic and biomechanical variables, with the obtained data well representing swimmers physiological condition when monitoring performance through a commonly used step protocol.
Ion confinement efficiency and ionization balance in a complex DC discharge plasma
Authors: Polyakov D N , Shumova V V , Vasilyak L M
Published: June 2022

We consider the efficiency of an ion confinement inside a cloud of charged microparticles in a low-pressure DC discharge. To describe the ion confinement efficiency in such complex plasma, we propose the indicators calculated taking into account the processes responsible for the generation, the losses, and the accumulation of ions in a cloud of charged microparticles in a plasma using a fluid model. The efficiency of ion accumulation by a microparticle cloud shows the ratio of the average ion densities in discharge with microparticles and without them. The efficiency of ion accumulation by a microparticle shows the difference of average ion densities in a discharge with microparticles and without them, related to microparticle number density. The specific power costs of the existence of one ion in a microparticle cloud determines the linear power costs of the discharge in a cloud related to the linear number of ions in it. The power efficiency of ion accumulation by a microparticle cloud is defined as a ratio of specific power costs in a discharge without microparticles, to specific power costs of ion existence in a cloud. A strong dependence of indicators on the microparticle number density has been revealed. Inefficient conditions of ion confinement inside a cloud are found. Experimental data on dynamic instabilities of a discharge with microparticles was analyzed. It is found that efficiency of ion confinement is connected with dynamic processes in complex plasma. The limiting microparticle number density is shown to serve as the criterion of the occurrence of plasma instability. Exceeding the limiting microparticle number density results, generally, in the development of dynamic instability of complex plasma, and, in inefficient states, in quenching of the discharge.
Experimental verification of trade-off relation for coherence and disturbance
Authors: Gao Huixia , Xiao Lei , Wang Kunkun , Qu Dengke , Lin Quan , Xue Peng
Published: June 2022

When a quantum system is sent through a noisy channel, it is usually disturbed. At the same time, the system undergoes decoherence and tends to lose some delicate quantum features. For a particular basis, the coherence of the state changes. Otherwise, if the system is not disturbed, its state might retain all of coherence. As quantum noisy channels lead to both disturbance and decoherence, it is natural to ask about the relation between disturbance and decoherence. Recently, a trade-off relation for coherence and disturbance has been presented by Sharma and Pati (2018 Phys. Rev. A 97 062308). In this paper, with entangled photon pairs and linear optics, we experimentally verify this trade-off relation for a single-qubit system undergoing various noisy channels. Our experimental results agree with the theoretical predictions and provide a quantitative understanding of the relation between quantum channels and resources.
Reconstruction of observed mechanical motions with artificial intelligence tools
Authors: Jakovác Antal , Kurbucz Marcell T , Pósfay Péter
Published: June 2022

The goal of this paper is to determine the laws of observed trajectories assuming that there is a mechanical system in the background and using these laws to continue the observed motion in a plausible way. The laws are represented by neural networks with a limited number of parameters. The training of the networks follows the extreme learning machine idea. We determine laws for different levels of embedding, thus we can represent not only the equation of motion but also the symmetries of different kinds. In the recursive numerical evolution of the system, we require the fulfillment of all the observed laws, within the determined numerical precision. In this way, we can successfully reconstruct both integrable and chaotic motions, as we demonstrate in the example of the gravity pendulum and the double pendulum.
A modified lattice Boltzmann model for microcylindrical Couette gas flows
Authors: Ren Junjie , Wang Shengzhen , Liu Xiaoxue
Published: June 2022

We develop an axisymmetric lattice Boltzmann (LB) model to simulate microcylindrical Couette gas flows (MCGF) in the slip regime and transition regime, respectively. A kinetic boundary scheme in the cylindrical coordinate system is proposed to fulfill the second-order slip boundary condition at the cylindrical wall. To consider the effect of the Knudsen layers for transition flows, local effective Knudsen numbers are introduced into the kinetic boundary scheme and relaxation time. Numerical tests are executed to acquire the velocity distributions of the time-independent and time-dependent MCGF. Comparisons with the analytical solution and direct Monte Carlo data are also implemented. The simulation results demonstrate that the developed LB model can successfully acquire the velocity distribution of the MCGF with an intermediate Knudsen number in the transition regime.
A novel hyperchaotic map and its application in fast video encryption
Authors: Liu Sicong , Li Yongxin , Ge Xizhai , Li Chunbiao , Zhao Yibo
Published: June 2022

By the combined feedback of exponential, cubic and sinusoidal nonlinearity, a hyperchaotic map is constructed, which has the distinct features as providing two unipolar hyperchaotic sequences and large area of hyperchaotic orbit. A fast video encryption algorithm that adopted the permutation-diffusion-permutation strategy was developed consequently based on the hyperchaotic system. Each frame image obtained from the video stream is encrypted by the algorithm in real time. To accelerate the encryption, the frame image are encrypted in parallel. Experiment results and security analysis confirm the good security, robustness, and effectiveness of the encryption algorithm.
CLASS_GWB: robust modeling of the astrophysical gravitational wave background anisotropies
Authors: Bellomo Nicola , Bertacca Daniele , Jenkins Alexander C. , Matarrese Sabino , Raccanelli Alvise , Regimbau Tania , Ricciardone Angelo , Sakellariadou Mairi
Published: June 2022

Gravitational radiation offers a unique possibility to study the large-scale structure of the Universe, gravitational wave sources and propagation in a completely novel way. Given that gravitational wave maps contain a wealth of astrophysical and cosmological information, interpreting this signal requires a non-trivial multidisciplinary approach. In this work we present the complete computation of the signal produced by compact object mergers accounting for a detailed modelling of the astrophysical sources and for cosmological perturbations. We develop theCLASS_GWBcode, which allows for the computation of the anisotropies of the astrophysical gravitational wave background, accounting for source and detector properties, as well as effects of gravitational wave propagation. We apply our numerical tools to robustly compute the angular power spectrum of the anisotropies of the gravitational wave background generated by astrophysical sources in the LIGO-Virgo frequency band. The end-to-end theoretical framework we present can be easily applied to different sources and detectors in other frequency bands. Moreover, the same numerical tools can be used to compute the anisotropies of gravitational wave maps of the sky made using resolved events.
Two-component TeV Emissions for Blazars
Authors: Zhang Zhuang , Zeng Xiangtao , Pei Zhiyuan , Xiao Hubing , Ye Xuhong , Fan Junhui
Published: June 2022

For blazars, its radio emissions are composed of two components. In the high energy bands, Tera-electronvolts (TeV; 1012electronvolts) emissions were detected from some blazars. Does the TeV emission also consist of two components? To investigate the TeV emission component, we compiled a sample of 51 TeV blazars with available radio core dominance parameters and applied a two-component (the beamed and the unbeamed) model to study the composition of blazar TeV emission. We obtained the core-dominance parameter at the TeV band through applying a relativistic beaming model, and found that the average TeV core-dominance parameter is

log

R

TeV

BL

=
〈
3.12
±
2.83
〉

for 46 BL Lacs, and that is

log

R

TeV

FSRQ

=
〈
4.80
±
1.76
〉

for 5 FSRQs, which shows an indication that the core dominance parameter in BL Lacs is smaller than that in FSRQs. For the three subclasses of BL Lacs—high synchrotron peaked BL Lacs(HBLs), intermediate synchrotron peaked BL Lacs(IBLs) and low synchrotron peaked(LBLs),

log

R

TeV

HBL

is smaller than

log

R

TeV

IBL

and

log

R

TeV

LBL

. Our results suggest that the blazar TeV emission from the core is thousands times stronger than from the extended region and the TeV emission is more core-dominated for the lower synchrotron peaked sources. In addition, a significant correlation between the TeV core-dominance parameter (

log

R

TeV

) and the radio one (

log

R

radio

)

log

R

TeV

=
(
2.56
±
0.08
)
log

R

radio

+
0.99

, is obtained suggesting that the TeV emission is beamed and the TeV core-dominance parameter is an indicator of beaming effect at the TeV bands, and that the TeV emission has stronger beaming effect than the radio emission.
Optical measurement of a quantum dot state in a microdisk by a Stark transducer
Authors: Tsukanov A V , Kateev I Yu
Published: June 2022

A spectroscopic method for determining the number of electrons in a quantum dot (QD) located inside a microdisk resonator is proposed. A transducer with the form of a ring structure composed of single-electron QDs is an auxiliary element used to enhance the interaction of laser photons with the QD and with the microdisk. The microdisk parameters are calculated to ensure an efficient energy exchange between the disk modes and the transducer QDs. The influence of the Stark and Förster effects on the measurement accuracy is studied. The optimal measurement regime is shown to be achieved provided that both effects are compensated.
Productivity of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) in the conditions of the RF CRNZ
Authors: Shitikova A V , Povarnitsyna A V
Published: June 2022

The results of sweet potato yield in the climatic and soil conditions of the Non-Chernozem zone are presented, which allow to recommend the expansion of the areas of valuable crops to ensure the industrial production of flour, starch, ethanol, and raw materials for semi-finished products. Due to its origin from a warm subtropical climate, it requires appropriate temperature conditions and humidity, especially in May, when there is a high risk of spring frostsю Therefore, an assessment of growing technology under cover for the total and commercial yield of tubers of six sweet potato varieties was carried out. In the conditions of the Non-Chernozem zone of Russia, the sweet potato samples Sukhumskiy (yield 21.7 t/ha), Amsterdamskiy (24.8 t/ha), and Jewel variety (23.4 t/ha) showed high productivity on average over 2 years. Under experimental conditions, a change in the growth rate was noted depending on changes in agro-climatic conditions, while periods of growth stoppage under unfavorable conditions (drought) and periods of continued growth, which subsequently caused deformation of tubers (especially in the Pobeda 100 sample) were noted. The rate of increase in the mass of tubers showed a positive correlation with the amount of precipitation.
Phosphorus-potassium state as an element of natural fertility of gray forest soils of Western Siberia
Authors: Eremina D V , Kayugina S M
Published: June 2022

The purpose of the study was to assess the availability of phosphorus and potassium mobile forms in the humus layer of virgin gray forest soils in the western part of the West Siberian Lowland. The results of laboratory tests were processed using mathematical methods of variational statistics in Microsoft Excel. It was revealed that gray forest soils have low availability of mobile phosphorus in the humus layer (light gray - 34±17 mg/kg, gray - 44±23 mg/kg, dark gray - 52±24 mg/kg of soil). For that reason, when they are involved in arable land, continuous phosphorization or constant application of phosphorus fertilizers will be required. Also, during agricultural use, a high degree of variation in the content of mobile phosphorus should be considered (variation coefficient is 45% for dark gray and 51% for light gray and gray forest soils). Gray forest soils are characterized by a fairly good supply of mobile potassium, which content in humus layer of light gray soils is 133±45 mg/kg, gray - 140±49 mg/kg, dark gray - 164±51 mg/kg of soil. This is due to the peculiarities of the mineralogical composition of parent rock materials of gray forest soils. The variation of the content of potassium mobile forms in all subtypes is estimated as average. The research results can be applied in the development of agrochemical measures aimed at increasing the fertility of gray forest soils.
The impact of plant-associated rhizobacteria on germination capacity, growth and productivity of spring field mustard and emmer wheat
Authors: Lebedev V , Kondrat S , Uraev G , Khuaz S , Datkhuzheva R
Published: June 2022

The paper reports the results of field experiments that analysed changes in germination capacity, growth indicators and productivity of two crops in response to seed inoculation: field mustard (Brassica campestrisL.) of the Vostochnaya variety (k-274) and emmer wheat (Triticum dicoccumsubsp.asiaticumVavilov) of k-7516 variety. Morphometric parameters and productivity of dry mass were measured during the major stages of crop development. The seeds of field mustard were inoculated with the following bacterial products: Mizorin (Arthrobacter mysorens,strain 7), Mobilin (Pseudomonas fluorescens,strain PG-5) and Flavobakterin (Flavobacterium sp.,strain 30). The seeds of emmer wheat were inoculated with Psevdomonas (Pseudomonas fluorescens,strain PG-5) and Rizoagrin (Agrobacterium radiobacter, strain 204). In addition, we also tested biinoculation (combined use of two bacterial products) for each crop. The study aimed to analyse changes in growth indicators and productivity of field mustard and emmer wheat in response to mono- and biinoculation of seeds with plant-associated rhizobacteria. The experiments showed that the application of bacterial products and increasing doses of mineral nitrogen has a stimulating effect on plants. The study proved monoinoculation to be more effective than biinoculation. This may be due to the competing effect of rhizobacterial strains from different bacterial products once the biinoculated seeds are put in soil.
Grain disinfestation with ozone-air mixture
Authors: Baskakov I V , Orobinsky V I , Gievsky A M , Gulevsky V A , Chernyshov A V
Published: June 2022

Grain pests cause significant damage to agriculture. In the process of storage, in the absence of proper monitoring and control over the state of the grain heap, various harmful insects develop in it. In the conditions of the laboratory of Voronezh State Agrarian University named after Emperor Peter I, granary weevils (Sitophilus granaries L.) and flour weevils (Tribolium confusum L.) were found in winter wheat grain, which were subjected to subsequent ozonation. Since ozone concentrations in the ozone-air mixture are very high (70...2000 mg/m3), which is very dangerous for human health, the aim of the studies was to determine the effectiveness of ozone treatment under less stringent regimes. As a result, it was found that to completely destroy the granary weevils (Sitophilus granaries L.), an ozone concentration in the range of 2.86...5.06 mg/m3 with an exposure time of 280 min is sufficient. Since it is very difficult to maintain a constant gas content, it is necessary to focus on the dose of ozone above 1200 mg·min/m3. To completely destroy the flour weevils (Tribolium confusum L.), it should be ozonize at the specified parameters for at least 460 min. In this case, the dose of ozone should exceed 2000 mg·min/m3. Ozonize should be carried by the death of insects until 40...50%, the rest die within the next 24 hours.
Protection of soybeans against weeds with a two-component herbicide
Authors: Smurov C I , Grigorov O V , Ermolaev S N , Andreev P V
Published: June 2022

The article presents information on the effectiveness of a two-component herbicide on soybean crops. The effectiveness of its use at different rates of application and application both with and without adjuvants, as well as species sensitivity to weeds have been studied. The variants of chemical weeding, in which the maximum suppression of weeds was achieved, providing a high yield of soybean grain, were determined.
The use of white lupine in complete feed for trout
Authors: Gaponov N V , Loretts O G , Neverova O P , Sharaviev P V
Published: June 2022

The article presents the material on the most up-to-date, the global problem of protein deficiency in complete feedback for fish. One of the ways to solve this problem may be the use of white lupine (Lupinus Albus) in the structures of feed recipes. An important condition for the successful development of fish farming and the implementation of planned products for the production of products, to ensure food safety, occupy feeding issues. The decision of this issue puts a number of tasks to ensure feedback, rational methods of production, on the basis of advanced scientific achievements that contribute to the technological, economic development of the industry. Therefore, in experienced formulations of complete feed, the main task was to replace the white most expensive protein component into Lupine, that is, fish flour. In the first experienced recipe, the amount of lupine natives was 10%, which made it possible to reduce the fisherous flour content by 7%. The second experimental recipe in its structure contained lupine white without a shell in an amount of 22%, this made it possible to reduce the content of fish flour by 14%. The third experienced rechart contained Lupine without a shell of 25%, which made it possible to reduce the content of fish flour by 19%. Consequently, the use of white lupine in the formulations of complete feed, makes it possible to improve their nutritional value. And the use of lupine without a shell makes it possible to replace high-fingered animal feed in greater volume.