bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Agricultural Price Policy, Output, and Farm Profitability—Examining Linkages during Post-Reform Period in India
Authors:   Indian Institute of Management Rohtak (IIM Rohtak), Kumar Tripathi Ashutosh
Published: March 2023

The formulation of agricultural price policy is complicated by the multiplicity of functions that price performs. The objectives, thrust, and instruments of agricultural price policy in India have undergone conspicuous shifts during the past 50 years and so has the role and effectiveness of price policy as a tool to influence the agricultural economy. The countryâ€™s post-reform period witnessed higher emphasis and dependence on price policy compared with previous decades, where price policy aimed only at maintaining a balance between the interests of consumers and producers. It is in this context that the paper examines the effectiveness of procurement prices in getting sufficient income to the farmers. An in-depth analysis of costs and returns was conducted for wheat and paddy, the crops offered the highest protection by the state, to get idea of the profitability of Indian agriculture and gain insights into the workings of the price policy.
Food Safety Concerns and other Factors Affecting Iran's Pistachio Exports to EU, Australia, and Japan
Authors:   Department of Agricultural Economics, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Ashktorab Niloofar , Saghaian Sayed Hossein ,   Department of Agricultural Economics, Kentucky University, Shahnoushi Naser ,   Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran
Published: March 2023

In this paper, the impact of food safety concerns on Iran’s pistachio export demand was investigated. Panel data and panel cointegration analyses were used to estimate the export demand function of Iran’s pistachio nuts to the European Union (EU), Japan, and Australia for the period of 1997 to 2006 so that the relationship between factors affecting Iran’s pistachio exports can be examined. The results show the existence of long-run relationships among the variables that have a significant impact on Iran’s pistachio exports. The empirical results indicate that food safety shocks had a statistically significant negative impact on the import demand of those countries.
Technical Efficiency of Fruit and Vegetable Producers in Tamil Nadu, India: A Stochastic Frontier Approach
Authors:   The World Vegetable Center, Rajendran Srinivasulu
Published: March 2023

In India, fruits and vegetables (F&V) significantly contribute to food and nutritional security; they also enhance the livelihoods of smallholders. In recent years, demand has been increasing for these important crops, yet their productivity has been decelerating. Technical innovations can reduce yield gaps and increase the productivity of F&V crops. This paper measures technical efficiency (TE) of F&V production and its determinants based on Cobb-Douglas stochastic frontier production function. TE is defined as the maximum output that can be produced from a specified set of inputs, given the existing technology available to the farmer. The study surveyed a sample of 240 households who mostly cultivate F&V in Salem, Trichy, and Theni districts, Tamil Nadu. Mean TE level was estimated to be 0.60. The farmers in Trichy had higher TEs than those in the other districts. This means Trichy farmers use inputs more efficiently. If the average farmer in the sample could achieve the TE level of his/her most efficient counterpart, then he/she could increase output by about 34 percent with the same level of inputs. There is considerable room for increasing F&V output without additional inputs. Accessibility of irrigation facilities significantly contributed to the higher TE in Trichy. While the test for equality showed that TE did not vary significantly across farm sizes, the larger landholdings had higher TE than smaller landholdings, indicating that farm size and TE are directly related. The results showed that accessibility of infrastructure facilities (e.g., road) contributed positively to TE. Other variables such as level of education and access to credit also had positive relationship with TE.
Strengthening Social Capital for Agricultural Development: Lessons from Guama, Bali, Indonesia
Authors:   Dwijendra University, Sedana Gede , Ambarawati I Gusti Agung Ayu ,   Faculty of Agriculture, Udayana University, Windia Wayan
Published: March 2023

Agriculture plays a significant role in the economic development of Indonesia. In Bali province, the government has been implementing agricultural development programs through subaks, which are customary communities that manage the traditional irrigation system. However, subaks now face some problems due to low farmers' income from paddy farming. This paper describes the social capital performance of the subak system and attempts to identify ways to strengthen the social capital for agricultural development. The study selected the subak of Guama as its site because the government implemented a pilot project on agribusiness development in this subak in 2002. Key informants and samples were drawn during the survey and observation for data collection. Data were analyzed using descriptive methods. Results showed that social capital within the subak system consisted of mutual trust, social norms, and social networking. The three elements run simultaneously for the agricultural, irrigation, and agribusiness activities, including ritual ceremonies within the subak system. The social capital in the subak system for agricultural development, particularly rice farming, can be strengthened by: (1) conducting intensive extension and training activities using participatory approaches; (2) providing economic stimulants to encourage farmers to sustain their agribusiness activities; and (3) facilitating partnership activities between the subak and other agribusiness institutions.
CONSUMPTION BEYOND ITS 5C DETERMINANTS
Authors: Singh Dilip , Tiwari Sharad
Published: March 2023

Consumption is primarily determined by caste, class, culture, connectivity and capability (5C) in normal household, however for the very poor households it’s the culture and education which determined the pattern of food consumption. Tribal households who live at subsistence level, whose consumption pattern is independent of economic indicators like income, interest rate, GDP etc. because their survival depends mainly upon reciprocal exchange. Consumption for survival is an inelastic need while consumption for well-being is elastic one.
The impact of gender differences on the cognitive function of type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients
Authors:   Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine Udayana University, Prof. Dr. I.G.N.G Ngoerah Hospital, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia, Putri Laksmidewi Anak Agung Ayu , Tjandra Dewi Valentina ,   Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine Udayana University, Prof. Dr. I.G.N.G Ngoerah Hospital, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia
Published: March 2023

Introduction. Female sex is considered a risk factor for dementia. A limited number of studies have studied the role of gender differences on the cognitive function of type 2 diabetes mellitus (type 2 DM) patients with varying results. This study aims to determine the impact of gender differences on the cognitive impairment (CI) risk in type 2 DM patients. Material and methods. This study used a case-control research design. Samples were recruited consecutively. Data were analyzed by Chi-square test and logistic regression, expressed in odds ratio (OR) (95% CI) with a significance level of P <0.05 Outcomes. Sixty patients with diabetes met the eligibility criteria. The bivariate analysis found that female gender [OR=3.75 (95% CI 1.23-11.38), P=0.017], low education level, and hypertension were associated with CI in type 2 DM. Independent risk factors for CI in type 2 DM from the multivariate analysis were low education level and hypertension. Conclusions. Based on this study, female gender is not an independent risk factor for cognitive dysfunction in patients with type 2 DM.
Building Positive Classroom Interaction through Positive Discourse
Authors: Katili Adriansyah Abu
Published: March 2023

This article discusses how to build positive classroom interaction through positive classroom discourse. This article is focused on lecturers’ utterances that consist of lecturers’ sentence construction and speech acts. The lecturers’ speech acts were discussed based on Sinclair and Coulthard’s theory of classroom speech acts and Austin’s speech acts that were developed by Searle. Both sentence construction and the lecturers’ classroom speech acts affect classroom interaction. Positive discourse builds positive classroom interaction. In terms of sentence construction, the lecturer constructed Designedly Incomplete Utterance (DIU). This was designed to drive the students to complete them. In terms of lecturers’ speech acts, the lecturers performed elicitation and the students responded to it. The lecturer’s negative speech acts were an expressive illocutionary act of anger that built the classroom negatively. The DIU and elicitation were categorized as positive discourse and the anger expression was negative.
English Speaking Difficulties Encountered by Tourism Department Students’ in EFL Public Interactions: A qualitative study
Authors: Mohammad Ismail Koerniawan , Fatsah Hasanuddin , Abid Abid
Published: March 2023

Mastering English facilitates students’ preparation for professional job applications. In the context of tourism school, learning the language, therefore, is a must. The study reported in this article explores the difficulties in speaking English encountered by a group of Indonesian learners of English and how they anticipated their perceived difficulties. A qualitative research approach was employed for data collection and analysis. Participants were from a Tourism Department of a university in the Province of Gorontalo, Indonesia, who voluntarily agreed to join in the interview sessions. Findings showed that most participants struggled to communicate in English, particularly when interacting with foreigners. The difficulties include a lack of vocabulary and comprehension of certain accents. In addition, it was found that in anticipating those difficulties, students employed regular English use practices, gestures, and information technology assistance. The study suggests that frequent meaningful English practices in and outside the English classroom should be facilitated, and the use of relevant technological tools for fostering English language practices be promoted.
İNGİLİZLERİN MUSUL’DA ARKEOLOJİK KEŞİFLERİ (1876-1909)
Authors: YILDIZ Rehşan
Published: March 2023

XIX. yüzyılda Osmanlı Devleti’nde bulunan eski eserler İngiltere başta olmak üzere batılıların yoğun ilgisine mazhar oldu. Bu durumdan Musul da kaçınılmaz olarak etkilendi. İngilizler tarafından XIX. yüzyılda Musul bölgesine birçok diplomat ve seyyah arkeoloji çalışmaları için gönderildi. Ancak ilk düzenli çalışma 1820’de İngiltere’nin Hindistan şirketi temsilcisi Claudius James Rich tarafından gerçekleştirildi. 1845 yılına gelindiğinde, arkeolog Austen Henry Layard’ın bölgede yaptığı arkeolojik çalışmalar sayesinde birçok önemli eser gün yüzüne çıkarıldı. Onun çalışmalarına kısa süre sonra Musul’un yerlilerinden Hürmüz Rassam da katıldı. Batılı kâşiflerin yaptığı bu arkeolojik faaliyetler adeta yağma boyutuna ulaşınca Osmanlı Devleti bu faaliyetlere engel olabilmek adına 1869’da ilk Asar-ı Atika Nizamnamesini yayınladı. Fakat nizamnamedeki maddeler batılı kâşiflere engel olabilecek kadar kapsamlı hazırlanmadı. 1874 yılında çıkarılan yeni nizamnamedeki maddeler daha kapsamlı hazırlanmış olsa da bu nizamnamedeki maddeler de yetersiz kaldı. Ancak bu süreçte Musul’da birçok eski eserleri gün yüzüne çıkarmayı başaran George Smith’in tepkisini çekti. Fakat nizamnamede geçen “bulunan eserlerin yarısının Müze-i Hümayun’a verilmesi” konusundaki maddeye rağmen Smith, bulduğu kil tabletleri bir şekilde British Museum’a ulaştırdı. İngilizlerin Musul’da Arkeolojik Keşifleri (1876-1909) adlı Bu çalışma İngilizlerin Musul’da XIX. yüzyılda gerçekleştirdikleri arkeolojik faaliyetler, başta Asar-ı Atika nizamnamelerinin de içinde olduğu Osmanlı Arşiv vesikaları, gazete, makale, araştırma ve inceleme eserlerden istifade edilerek hazırlanmıştır.
The development of executive functions at the turn of a child's life.
Authors: STANISHEVSKA Beata
Published: March 2023

Executive functions, also known as cognitive control functions, are complex mental processes necessary for the complex, multi-stage and purposeful human functioning, intended action and behavior. The article distinguishes and characterizes a group of selected executive processes: planning, cognitive control, inhibition, thinking flexibility, verbal fluency and working memory. The development of executive functions at the turn of a child's life is also discussed.
Use of electronic educational resources in preparation of future educator of preschool education
Authors: FUNTIKOVA Olga
Published: March 2023

The article discusses the problem of using electronic educational resources in teaching future educators methods of preschool education. The analysis of the study of the informatization of the educational process to achieve educational goals was presented. It was noted that electronic educational resources contribute to improving the quality of training of future specialists. Electronic educational resources have significant informational, didactic and communication capabilities. Electronic educational resources have the following functions: knowledge management, communication, joint student activity in macro and micro groups, knowledge control and assessment. Future educators learned about industry standards in higher education, the scientific foundations of professional activity, the essence of theoretical, methodological and technological training, the readiness of a future educator to learn methods of preschool education. The quality ofassimilation of teaching material by future educators depends on the use of electronic educational resources. It was found that the use of electronic educational resources is associated with the following aspects: educational and methodological aspects, such as the gradual assimilation of material by modules; organizational aspects, such as conducting training in a group and individually; aspects of control and evaluation, such as exercising control based on materials from a discipline. The consistent mastering by master's degree students of semantic modules of academic discipline by means of tools of electronic educational resources is presented. It is proved that future educators (master's degree students) understand the technological possibilities of using Prezi's multimedia presentation in education; they have the idea of a BibMe service for creating bibliographic references in the styles of APA, Chicago; students understand the synchronous andasynchronous modes of training for participants based on the program Adobe Acrobat Connect Pro; they own the technology and information tools of Moodle; they use Google Cloud cloud technology to implement the functions of communication, collaboration.
Exercise Addiction in Faculty of Health Sciences Students
Authors: ÖZDEMİR Nurgül , AKPINAR KOCAKULAK Neşe
Published: March 2023

Exercise refers to a mechanism in which the individual spends energy above the basal level and the musculoskeletal system in do actively. It is an undeniable fact that exercise has an impact on the individual’s well-being. However, exercise must also have a certain measure in the in do routine of the individual. Exceeding this measure can be defined as exercise addiction. The aim of this study was determined as the examination of exercise addiction in health sciences faculty students. The research is a descriptive study in the survey model in which quantitative data collection technique is used. The study was carried out on the students of the faculty of health sciences (308 people). Exercise Addiction Scale and personal information form developed by Demir (2018) were used to collect the research data. The analysis of the data was made in the SPSS 21.00 statistical package program. Descriptive statistics, t-test and one-way anova analysis were used in data analysis. As a result of the research, it was seen that the level of exercise addiction of the students of the Faculty of Health Sciences changed according to the gender, the education department, participation in social activities, and having another addiction. In addition, it was found that the average of exercise addiction of the students was in the risky category. This result is thought to be related to the sexist socio-cultural codes of women and men in the popular culture society.
Determining Students' Health Literacy Levels During The Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: ACAR Gökhan
Published: March 2023

The Covid-19 Pandemic showed us that the nation-states being caught unprepared for the sudden outbreaks resulted in the management of the process with social restrictions. It has disrupted the health systems and socio-economic balance of societies during and after the pandemic and still has caused tribulations in returning to the old normals. For this reason, it has led to the need for individuals to attach importance to health literacy education, especially during their student years. Thus, this study aims to determine the health literacy levels of students during the Covid-19 Pandemic and prepare a method and a theoretical basis for raising awareness. As a result of the data analysis, the kurtosis and skewness values were calculated.In the study, the following items were used: The Turkish Health Literacy scale, which was developed by Okyay and Abacigil (2016) with the support of the Turkish Ministry of Health, the Independent T-test for intergroup and pairwise comparisons, the One Way ANOVA test for multiple comparisons, and the Tukey's Test for Post-Hoc Analysis. Accordingly, students can simply realize the stages of accessing, understanding, appraising, and applying information about health literacy. When we evaluate the health literacy levels of the students by their genders, female students have higher literacy than male students in terms of accessing, understanding, and appraising information in the health care and disease prevention and health promotion areas. Under the observations, there is a strong positive relationship between students' level of understanding and their level of appraising and applying the information in thedisease prevention and health promotion sub-dimension. According to the results obtained, the health literacy levels of the students strongly affect each other in terms of accessing, understanding, appraising, and applying the information in the sub-dimension of disease prevention and health promotion.
The Mediating Role of Loneliness in the Relation Between Preference for Solitude, Social Competence, Self-Esteem and Depression in Emerging Adults
Authors: ÖZDOĞAN Ahmet Çağlar , YALÇIN Ragıp Ümit , HASPOLAT Namık Kemal , ÇELİK Oğuzhan
Published: March 2023

This study aims at testing the relation between emerging adults’ preference for solitude, social competence, self-esteem on one side and depression on the other side with the mediating role of loneliness. The study group is composed of students that were studying at various faculties at state universities in Turkey in 2019-2020 Academic Year and determined by the easily convenience sampling. 508 students, 279 of whom were female and 229 of whom were male, participated in the study. Data collections tools used in the study are Beck Depression Scale, UCLA Loneliness Scale Short Form, Preference for Solitude Scale, Two-Dimensional Self-Esteem Scale and Perceived Social Competence Scale. The findings of the current study indicate that there is a positive association between depression and loneliness, whereas a negative relationship between loneliness and a tendency for solitude as well as between self-esteem and social competence. Furthermore, the current findings show that loneliness predicts the relation between emerging adults’ preference for solitude, social competence, self-esteem and depression at a statistically significant level.
Program Dışı Etkinliklerin Tasarlanması: Bir Müdahale Araştırması
Authors: ATMACA Sevilay
Published: March 2023

Okullar düzenli-sistematik olarak anma, kutlama, buluşma, mezuniyet gibi çeşitli etkinliklerin düzenlendiği ve öğrencilere sosyo-kültürel, sportif ve sanatsal etkinliklerle toplumsallaşma olanakları sağlayan öğrenme ortamlarıdır. Ritüel yeri olarak kabul edilen okullarda gerçekleştirilen bu tarz faaliyetler bireylerin gelişimi için önemlidir. Bu bakımdan program-içi faaliyetler gibi başarılı bir şekilde planlanması, uygulanması, yönetilmesi gerekmektedir. 'Eğitim Programı’nın tanımına bakıldığında ise, bir okul ya da eğitim kurumunda yer alan bütün eğitim faaliyetlerini kurum içi ve dışı tüm eğitim etkinliklerini içine aldığı görülmektedir. Ancak, öğretim etkinliklerinin planlanması ve uygulanmasına daha fazla zaman ayrıldığı da bilinmektedir. Bu çalışma ile eğitimde program geliştirme ilkelerinden yola çıkılarak, eğitimde resmi program, uygulamadaki program ve program dışı etkinlikler arasındaki ilişki tanımlanmıştır. Öğretmen adaylarının okulda program dışı etkinlikler konusunda bilgi düzeyleri tespit edilmiştir. Bu etkinlikleri kendilerinin tasarlaması konusunda bir müdahale programıyla yol gösterilmiştir. Öğretmen adaylarının konuya ilişkin var olan bilgi birikimlerini ve müdahale programı sonrasında bu bilgi düzeyindeki değişmeyi belirlemeyi amaçlayan bu çalışma için genel araştırma türlerinden ‘müdahale araştırması’ seçilmiştir. Öğretmen adaylarının tasarladıkları etkinlikler nitelik ve nicelik bakımından taşıması gereken özellikler ölçüt listesi oluşturularak niteliksel veri toplama teknikleri ile toplanıp, doküman analizi ile analiz edilmiştir. Araştırmacı tarafından geliştirilmiş yarı yapılandırılmış formlar öğrencilere ulaştırılmış ve formlara verilen yanıtlar nitel analiz tekniklerinden betimsel ve içerik analiz tekniği kullanılarak çözümlenmiştir. Katılımcıların sadece %6,8’nin program geliştirme ilkelerine uygun hedef yazması, psikomotor hedeflere hiç değinilmemiş olmasına rağmen seçtikleri içerikte yoğun olarak duyuşsal ve psikomotor etkinliklere yer vermeleri ve %86’sının bir haftalık uzun etkinliklere yer vermeleri, %3’ünün değerlendirmeye yer vermeleri ilginçtir. Müdahale programı sonrasında katılımcıların makul programlar tasarladıkları görülmüştür.
COLLOCATION BASED APPROXIMATIONS FOR A CLASS OF FRACTIONAL BOUNDARY VALUE PROBLEMS
Authors: Soots Hanna Britt , Lätt Kaido , Pedas Arvet
Published: March 2023

A boundary value problem for fractional integro-differential equations with weakly singular kernels is considered. The problem is reformulated as an integral equation of the second kind with respect to, the Caputo fractional derivative of y of order α, with 1 < α < 2, where y is the solution of the original problem. Using this reformulation, the regularity properties of both y and its Caputo derivative z are studied. Based on this information a piecewise polynomial collocation method is developed for finding an approximate solution zN of the reformulated problem. Using zN, an approximation yN for y is constructed and a detailed convergence analysis of the proposed method is given. In particular, the attainable order of convergence of the proposed method for appropriate values of grid and collocation parameters is established. To illustrate the performance of our approach, results of some numerical experiments are presented.
The Demographics of Terrestrial Planets in the Venus Zone
Authors: Ostberg Colby , Kane Stephen R. , Li Zhexing , Schwieterman Edward W. , Hill Michelle L. , Bott Kimberly , Dalba Paul A. , Fetherolf Tara , Head James W. , Unterborn Cayman T.
Published: March 2023

Understanding the physical characteristics of Venus, including its atmosphere, interior, and its evolutionary pathway with respect to Earth, remains a vital component for terrestrial planet evolution models and the emergence and/or decline of planetary habitability. A statistical strategy for evaluating the evolutionary pathways of terrestrial planets lies in the atmospheric characterization of exoplanets, where the sample size provides sufficient means for determining required runaway greenhouse conditions. Observations of potential exo-Venuses can help confirm hypotheses about Venus’s past, as well as the occurrence rate of Venus-like planets in other systems. Additionally, the data from future Venus missions, such as DAVINCI, EnVision, and VERITAS, will provide valuable information regarding Venus, and the study of exo-Venuses will be complimentary to these missions. To facilitate studies of exo-Venus candidates, we provide a catalog of all confirmed terrestrial planets in the Venus zone, including transiting and nontransiting cases, and quantify their potential for follow-up observations. We examine the demographics of the exo-Venus population with relation to stellar and planetary properties, such as the planetary radius gap. We highlight specific high-priority exo-Venus targets for follow-up observations, including TOI-2285 b, LTT 1445 A c, TOI-1266 c, LHS 1140 c, and L98–59 d. We also discuss follow-up observations that may yield further insight into the Venus/Earth divergence in atmospheric properties.
The Origin and Evolution of the Normal Type Ia SN 2018aoz with Infant-phase Reddening and Excess Emission
Authors: Ni Yuan Qi , Moon Dae-Sik , Drout Maria R. , Polin Abigail , Sand David J. , González-Gaitán Santiago , Kim Sang Chul , Lee Youngdae , Park Hong Soo , Howell D. Andrew , Nugent Peter E. , Piro Anthony L. , Brown Peter J. , Galbany Lluís , Burke Jamison , Hiramatsu Daichi , Hosseinzadeh Griffin , Valenti Stefano , Afsariardchi Niloufar , Andrews Jennifer E. , Antoniadis John , Beaton Rachael L. , Bostroem K. Azalee , Carlberg Raymond G. , Cenko S. Bradley , Cha Sang-Mok , Dong Yize , Gal-Yam Avishay , Haislip Joshua , Holoien Thomas W.-S. , Johnson Sean D. , Kouprianov Vladimir , Lee Yongseok , Matzner Christopher D. , Morrell Nidia , McCully Curtis , Pignata Giuliano , Reichart Daniel E. , Rich Jeffrey , Ryder Stuart D. , Smith Nathan , Wyatt Samuel , Yang Sheng
Published: March 2023

SN 2018aoz is a Type Ia SN with a B-band plateau and excess emission in infant-phase light curves ≲1 day after the first light, evidencing an over-density of surface iron-peak elements as shown in our previous study. Here, we advance the constraints on the nature and origin of SN 2018aoz based on its evolution until the nebular phase. Near-peak spectroscopic features show that the SN is intermediate between two subtypes of normal Type Ia: core normal and broad line. The excess emission may be attributable to the radioactive decay of surface iron-peak elements as well as the interaction of ejecta with either the binary companion or a small torus of circumstellar material. Nebular-phase limits on Hα and He i favor a white dwarf companion, consistent with the small companion size constrained by the low early SN luminosity, while the absence of [O i] and He i disfavors a violent merger of the progenitor. Of the two main explosion mechanisms proposed to explain the distribution of surface iron-peak elements in SN 2018aoz, the asymmetric Chandrasekhar-mass explosion is less consistent with the progenitor constraints and the observed blueshifts of nebular-phase [Fe ii] and [Ni ii]. The helium-shell double-detonation explosion is compatible with the observed lack of C spectral features, but current 1D models are incompatible with the infant-phase excess emission,

B

max

–

V

max

color, and weak strength of nebular-phase [Ca ii]. Although the explosion processes of SN 2018aoz still need to be more precisely understood, the same processes could produce a significant fraction of Type Ia SNe that appear to be normal after ∼1 day.
Tomography of a Solar Plage with the Tenerife Inversion Code
Authors: Li Hao , del Pino Alemán Tanausú , Trujillo Bueno Javier , Ishikawa Ryohko , Alsina Ballester Ernest , McKenzie David E. , Auchère Frédéric , Kobayashi Ken , Okamoto Takenori J. , Rachmeler Laurel A. , Song Donguk
Published: March 2023

We apply the Tenerife Inversion Code (TIC) to the plage spectropolarimetric observations obtained by the Chromospheric LAyer SpectroPolarimeter (CLASP2). These unprecedented data consist of full Stokes profiles in the spectral region around the Mg ii h and k lines for a single slit position, with around two thirds of the 196″ slit crossing a plage region and the rest crossing an enhanced network. A previous analysis of these data had allowed us to infer the longitudinal component of the magnetic field by applying the weak-field approximation (WFA) to the circular polarization profiles, and to assign the inferred magnetic fields to different layers of the solar atmosphere based on the results of previous theoretical radiative transfer investigations. In this work, we apply the recently developed TIC to the same data. We obtain a stratified model atmosphere that fits the intensity and circular polarization profiles at each position along the spectrograph slit and we compare our results for the longitudinal component of the magnetic field with the previously obtained WFA results, highlighting the generally good agreement in spite of the fact that the WFA is known to produce an underestimation when applied to the outer lobes of the Mg ii h and k circular polarization profiles. Finally, we use the inverted model atmospheres to give a rough estimation of the energy that could be carried by Alfvén waves propagating in the chromosphere in the plage and network regions, showing that it is sufficient to compensate for the estimated energy losses in the chromosphere of solar active regions.
A Statistical Study of IRIS Observational Signatures of Nanoflares and Nonthermal Particles
Authors: Cho Kyuhyoun , Testa Paola , De Pontieu Bart , Polito Vanessa
Published: March 2023

Nanoflares are regarded as one of the major mechanisms of magnetic energy release and coronal heating in the solar outer atmosphere. We conduct a statistical study on the response of the chromosphere and transition region to nanoflares, as observed by the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS), by using an algorithm for the automatic detection of these events. The initial atmospheric response to these small heating events is observed, with IRIS, as transient brightening at the foot points of coronal loops heated to high temperatures (>4 MK). For four active regions, observed over 143 hr, we detected 1082 footpoint brightenings under the IRIS slit, and for those we extracted physical parameters from the IRIS Mg ii and Si iv spectra that are formed in the chromosphere and transition region, respectively. We investigate the distributions of the spectral parameters, and the relationships between the parameters, also comparing them with predictions from RADYN numerical simulations of nanoflare-heated loops. We find that these events, and the presence of nonthermal particles, tend to be more frequent in flare productive active regions, and where the hot 94 Å emission measured by the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly is higher. We find evidence for highly dynamic motions characterized by strong Si iv nonthermal velocities (not dependent on the heliocentric x-coordinate, i.e., on the angle between the magnetic field and the line of sight) and asymmetric Mg ii spectra. These findings provide tight new constraints on the properties of nanoflares and nonthermal particles in active regions, and their effects on the lower atmosphere.
A Candidate Relativistic Tidal Disruption Event at 340 Mpc
Authors: Somalwar Jean J. , Ravi Vikram , Dong Dillon Z. , Chen Yuyang , Breen Shari , Chandra Poonam , Clarke Tracy , De Kishalay , Gaensler B. M. , Hallinan Gregg , Laha Sibasish , Law Casey , Myers Steven T. , Parsotan Tyler , Peters Wendy , Polisensky Emil
Published: March 2023

We present observations of an extreme radio flare, VT J024345.70-284040.08, hereafter VT J0243, from the nucleus of a galaxy with evidence for historic Seyfert activity at redshift z = 0.074. Between NRAO Very Large Array (VLA) Sky Survey observations in 1993 to VLA Sky Survey observations in 2018, VT J0243 rose from a ∼ GHz radio luminosity of ν
L

ν
≲ 1038 erg s−1 to ν
L

ν
∼ 1040 erg s−1, and still continues to brighten. The radio spectral energy distribution evolution is consistent with a nascent jet that has slowed over ∼3000 days with an average 0.1 <〈β〉< 0.6. The jet is energetic (∼1051–52 erg), and had a radius ∼0.7 pc in 2021 December. X-ray observations suggest a persistent or evolving corona, possibly associated with an accretion disk, and IR and optical observations constrain any high-energy counterpart to be sub-Eddington. VT J0243 may be an example of a young, off-axis radio jet from a slowly evolving tidal disruption event. Other more mysterious triggers for the accretion enhancement and jet launching are possible. In either case, VT J0243 is a unique example of a nascent jet, highlighting the unknown connection between supermassive black holes, the properties of their accretion flows, and jet launching.
Beam Pattern Evolution of Accreting X-Ray Pulsar 1A 0535+262 during Its 2020 Giant Outburst
Authors: Hu Y. F. , Ji L. , Yu C. , Wang P. J. , Doroshenko V. , Santangelo A. , Saathoff I. , Zhang S. N. , Zhang S. , Kong L. D.
Published: March 2023

We report on pulse profile decomposition analysis of bright transient X-ray pulsar 1A 0535+262 using broadband Insight-HXMT observations during a giant outburst of the source in 2020. We show that the observed pulse profile shape can be described in terms of a combination of two symmetric single-pole contributions for a wide range of energies and luminosities for a fixed geometry defining the basic geometry of the pulsar. This corresponds to a slightly distorted dipole magnetic field, i.e., one pole has to be offset by ∼12° from the antipodal position of the other pole. We reconstruct the intrinsic beam patterns of the pulsar assuming that the geometry is recovered from the decomposition analysis, and we find evidence for a transition between “pencil” and “fan” beams in energy ranges above the cyclotron line energy, which can be interpreted as a transition from sub- to supercritical accretion regimes associated with the onset of an accretion column. At lower energies, however, the beam pattern appears to be more complex and contains a substantial “fan” beam and an additional “pencil” beam component at all luminosities. The latter is not related to the accretion rate and is stronger in the fading phase of the outburst. We finally discuss the results in the context of other observational and theoretical findings earlier reported for the source in the literature.
Role of Magnetic Fields in the Formation of Direct Collapse Black Holes
Authors: Latif Muhammad A. , Schleicher Dominik R. G. , Khochfar Sadegh
Published: March 2023

Direct collapse black holes are the leading candidates for the origin of the first supermassive black holes. However, the role of magnetic fields during their formation is still unclear as none of the previous studies has been evolved long enough to assess their impact during the accretion phase. Here, we report the results from a suite of 3D cosmological magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations which are evolved for 1.6 Myr comparable to the expected lifetime of supermassive stars (SMSs). Our findings suggest that magnetic fields are rapidly amplified by strong accretion shocks irrespective of the initial magnetic field strength and reach the saturation state. They stabilize the accretion disks and significantly reduce fragmentation by enhancing the Jeans mass in comparison with pure hydrodynamical runs. Although the initial clump masses are larger in MHD runs, the rapid coalescence of clumps in non-MHD cases due to the higher degree of fragmentation results in similar masses. Overall, the central clumps have masses of 105
M
⊙ and the mean mass accretion rates of ∼0.1 M
⊙ yr−1 are similar in both MHD and non-MHD cases. The multiplicity of SMSs is significantly reduced in MHD simulations. Such strongly amplified magnetic fields are expected to launch jets and outflows which may be detected with upcoming radio telescopes.
Leptopus hispanus and Erianotus lanosus: the first DNA-assisted records of Leptopodidae (Hemiptera, Heteroptera) for the fauna of Georgia
Authors: Chitadze Beka , Arsenashvili Eka , Bulbulashvili Natalia
Published: March 2023

The shore-bug (Leptopodidae Brullé, 1836) family is reported from Georgia for the first time upon several finds of Leptopus hispanus Rambur, 1840, and Erianotus lanosus (Dufour, 1834) (Hemiptera, Heteroptera). These species are widespread from the Mediterranean to Central Asia, including the Caucasus. Barcodes of the species, collecting information, and pictures of specimens are given.
Molecular detection of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes among clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae during Covid-19 pandemic
Authors: Abdulkareem Mustafa M. , Abdulrahman Masood A. , Yassin Najim A.
Published: March 2023

Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes confer low resistance to Fluoroquinolones (FQs). This study aims to detect five PMQR genes among FQs-resistantKlebsiella pneumoniaeisolated from various clinical specimens. Out of 120K. pneumoniaeisolates, 68 FQs-resistanceK. pneumoniaewere included in a molecular study. Standard microbiological tests were used for identification and antimicrobial susceptibility. For the detection of PMQR genes, conventional polymerase chain reaction was used. A molecular study revealed that (73.5%) of samples harbored PMQR genes, and among them, 58% were co-carriages of PMQR gene variants.Aac(6’)-Ib-crgene was predominant (47.1%) among samples, andqepAhad the lowest percentage (11.8%),qnrgenes were (32.4%) (29.4%) (20.6%)qnrS,qnrB, andqnrArespectively. Overall, high percentages of PMQR genes were detected, and almost all of samples were phenotypically resistant to ciprofloxacin. As well, there was a significant statistical relationship between phenotypically ESBL-producers andqnrBandqepAgenes.
La « Bibliothèque utile » (1859-1914)
Authors: Dimopoulou Barbara , Tomasso Jean-Jacques
Published: March 2023

La « Bibliothèque utile » (1859-1914) est une collection pionnière de vulgarisation. Accueillie par quatre éditeurs (Dubuisson, Pagnerre, Germer-Baillière et Alcan), elle s’adresse à un public d’adultes pourvu d’instruction primaire, qui souhaite s’instruire sur des sujets variés. L’article montre la mise en œuvre d’une autodidaxie possible, essentiellement dans les livres signés par ses fondateurs, H. Leneveux et A. Corbon – eux-mêmes autodidactes et héritiers de l’associationnisme ouvrier –, avant d’analyser le discours éditorial péritextuel incitatif. À partir de quelques exemples d’ouvrages, l’article interroge les moyens par lesquels la collection s’est proposée à la lecture d’un public qu’elle s’est attaché à forger et à définir. Il montre également l’évolution de la réception dans un paysage éducatif mouvant.
Lire à Taiwan, foisonnement et fragilités
Authors: Baubry Pierre-Yves
Published: March 2023

Cet article propose d’examiner le développement du secteur éditorial à Taiwan et les défis historiques, politiques, linguistiques ou encore économiques qu’il a dû et doit encore surmonter pour dégager des espaces permettant le partage de textes, littéraires ou non. Si les soubassements d’un espace autonome de transmission littéraire ont été, malgré la censure, posés pendant la colonisation japonaise puis sous le gouvernement autoritaire du Kuomintang, le secteur éditorial taïwanais n’a véritablement pris son essor qu’à la faveur de la démocratisation dans les années 1990 et 2000, en parallèle à l’émergence d’une société civile diverse et active. Alors que le développement économique du pays et la hausse généralisée du niveau d’éducation ont favorisé des attitudes favorables à la lecture, la numérisation des pratiques culturelles révèle des fragilités en partie liées aux ruptures et traumas de l’histoire taïwanaise.
Mises en scène de la civilité : entre taiyupian et réalisme sain, trois films de Lee Hsing du début des années 1960
Authors: Wei-chu Shih , Kolatte Matthieu
Published: March 2023

Les trois films du réalisateur taïwanais Lee Hsing 李行 étudiés ici, Good Neighbors 兩相好 (1962), Our Neighbor 街頭巷尾 (1963) et Oyster Girl 蚵女 (1964), ont en commun de mettre en scène l’exercice d’une civilité favorisant la constitution d’une communauté pacifiée. Dans leur représentation de certaines tensions sociales du Taïwan de cette époque et de par leur positionnement par rapport à l’idéologie du régime du Kuomintang , ces œuvres apparaissent comme éminemment programmatiques. Or, nous observons qu’en l’espace des deux années qui séparèrent le premier du dernier de ces trois films, Lee passa de la défense d’un projet de civilité « authentique », propice au développement d’un esprit démocratique, à la célébration d’une « civilité » de pure « façade », conforme à la logique d’un pouvoir hégémonique. Cette évolution correspondit au passage du cinéaste de l’industrie des taiyupian (films en taïwanais), à laquelle appartenait encore Good Neighbors , à celle des guoyupian (films en mandarin) avec Our Neighbor , puis au mouvement du « réalisme sain » 健康寫實 patronné par la Central Motion Picture Corporation 中央電影公司, principale société de production du Kuomintang , avec Oyster Girl . La première partie de cet article montre comment Good Neighbors établit un espace de civilité « authentique » à travers son dispositif sonore, tandis que la seconde éclaire l’évolution du discours de Lee dans Our Neighbor et Oyster Girl , deux films où la « civilité » n’est plus qu’un modèle imposé empêchant toute forme de débat véritable. Il nous semble ainsi possible d’argumenter que si l’industrie des taiyupian offrit à Lee un espace de liberté suffisant pour proposer un modèle de civilité « authentique », les contraintes du « réalisme sain » le détournèrent de cet effort, l’amenant à promouvoir une « civilité de façade » utile au maintien d’un pouvoir autoritaire.
Tibétains et Ouïghours : deux destins croisés
Authors: Donnet Pierre-Antoine
Published: March 2023

L’histoire du Tibet et du Xinjiang présente des parcours croisés de même que des différences. Les deux régions ont pour point commun d’avoir été annexées à la Chine en 1950, soit un an après la prise du pouvoir à Pékin du Parti Communiste Chinois avec sa tête Mao Zedong. Depuis cette date, ces deux régions connaissent une répression impitoyable qui s’articule autour d’une surveillance très étroite de la population, des sévices physiques et psychologiques, une immigration importante de « Han » (Chinois de souche) et une politique d’assimilation sur les plans de la culture, de la religion et de la langue.
Qui sont les « rustres » dans la Gaule du VI e siècle ? De quelques mots-clés de Grégoire de Tours
Authors: Pietri Luce
Published: March 2023

Dans ses œuvres historiques autant qu’hagiographiques, l’évêque Grégoire de Tours († 594) fait un usage récurrent et délibéré du vocabulaire de la rusticité ( rusticitas ). L’article montre que cet usage s’applique d’abord de manière assez évidente à la population rurale, vivant de l’exploitation de la terre et dont Grégoire regrette les comportements grossiers et vulgaires. Mais la rusticité caractérise aussi chez l’évêque de Tours l’attitude de ceux qui se détournent de Dieu et de ses saints et leur dénient le respect qui leur est dû. Le mot se trouve ainsi chargé d’une connotation religieuse et désigne l’humanité exposée au péché. Mais, de manière paradoxale, Grégoire applique aussi cette rusticité à lui-même, à son langage maladroit certes, mais par lequel il porte témoignage de la gloire de Dieu et qui se trouve adapté à son auditoire et à ses lecteurs.
Le serement a ce deu et pertinent . La délégation du droit de recevoir le serment à la cour des ducs de Bourgogne
Authors: Nosova Ekaterina
Published: March 2023

L’article est consacré à l’analyse de l’une des composantes du processus de nomination à la cour des ducs de Bourgogne Philippe le Bon et Charles le Téméraire. Cette étude est fondée sur les lettres de nomination conservées aux Archives générales du Royaume à Bruxelles. D’après la comparaison avec les ordonnances de l’hôtel, un certain nombre d’offices appartenant à la cour ont été identifiés et 268 documents ont été sélectionnés à partir de cette liste. Malgré le petit nombre de lettres de nomination appartenant à l’époque de Philippe le Bon, il est possible de retracer l’évolution de cette tradition. Sous Philippe le Bon, presque tous les traits caractéristiques de la procédure sont établis, traits que son fils accentue par la suite. Ainsi se définit un cercle d’officiers influents auxquels le prince délègue le droit de prêter serment en son nom : premier chambellan, maître d’hôtel, le chancelier et chef du conseil. Dans le même temps, se définit l’usage d’un double serment pour l’office de conseiller et chambellan, serment prêté à la fois au chancelier et au chambellan. Charles, alors qu’il n’était encore que prince héritier et commençait à former sa cour, avait déjà renforcé cet usage. Néanmoins, il n’a jamais totalement systématisé ces évolutions : la correspondance entre ceux qui prêtent serment et ceux qui le reçoivent n’a jamais été parfaitement stable. Encore faut-il relever que le prince a continué de se réserver le droit de recevoir lui-même les serments. Bien que cette pratique de délégation du droit de recevoir le serment prive le prince d’un des plus puissants outils d’influence sur son entourage, elle lui donne l’occasion de structurer hiérarchiquement sa cour et de mettre en valeur le rôle d’un individu de son entourage.
How Concurrent Services Obscured Detection of Intervention Benefits: Part 2: Secondary Analysis of the PREP Trial for Frail Older Adults and Family Caregivers
Authors: Stewart Barbara J. , Lyons Karen S. , Hornbrook Mark C. , Hiatt Shirin O. , O'Keeffe-Rosetti Maureen , Fields Jonathan , Archbold Patricia G.
Published: March 2023

Family caregivers frequently use health and social services to support their caregiving. In evaluating care-giving interventions, however, researchers rarely examine the influences of such concurrent services on intervention effectiveness. In this Part 2 secondary analysis of data from the Oregon Health & Science University/Kaiser Permanente Northwest Region Family Care Study, we examined the moderating influences of concurrent services on intervention effectiveness. The Family Care Study was a randomized controlled trial to evaluate the preparedness, skill, enrichment, and predictability (PREP) intervention with caregivers of frail older adults referred for skilled home health. Compared with control caregivers receiving usual home health care (n= 103), PREP intervention caregivers (n= 104) reported greater improvements in family care (effect size,d= 0.58). We conducted follow-up analyses to determine whether PREP was differentially effective depending on whether dyads received concurrent Social Health Maintenance Organization (SHMO) services, concurrent hospice services, or neither. In the 55% of dyads not receiving SHMO or hospice, we found that PREP's effects were large compared to usual care (d= 1.16,p< 0.001). PREP's effects were not significant for dyads receiving concurrent SHMO or hospice services. Results highlight the strong benefits of hospice for control dyads, but reveal difficulties in evaluating intervention effectiveness when dyads receive concurrent services. [Research in Gerontological Nursing, 16(2), 71–83.]