bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of an Organic Dye‐Conjugated β‐Diketonate‐Europium Complex Luminescence Probe for Discrimination and Detection of Intracellular Biothiols
Authors: Meng Xiao , Song Bo , Zou Jinhua , Dong Zhiyuan , Yuan Jingli
Published: November 2022

Small molecular biothiols, cysteine (Cys), homocysteine (Hcy) and glutathione (GSH), play important roles in organisms, and their concentration levels are indicative of some human diseases. Herein we report an organic dye‐conjugated β‐diketonate‐Eu3+ complex, [Eu(NBD‐keto)3(DPBT)] (NBD‐keto: 7‐nitro‐2,1,3‐benzoxadiazole (NBD)‐conjugated to 1,1,1,2,2‐pentafluoro‐5‐phenyl‐3,5‐pentanedionate through a “O” ether bond; DPBT: 2‐(N,N‐diethylanilin‐4‐yl)‐4,6‐bis(3,5‐dimethylpyrazol‐1‐yl)‐1,3,5‐triazine), which acts as a unique luminescent probe for detecting and discriminating biothiols. [Eu(NBD‐keto)3(DPBT)] itself is not luminescent due to intramolecular interactions between NBD and β‐diketonate‐Eu3+ moieties. Upon reaction with biothiols, the β‐diketonate‐Eu3+ complex [Eu(keto)3(DPBT)] is generated, which emits long‐lived red emission at 610 nm. Meanwhile, three biothiol‐substituted NBD derivatives that exhibit different luminescence behaviors, green emissive (short‐lived) NBD‐NR (R=Cys or Hcy) at 540 nm and non‐luminescent NBD‐SR (R=GSH), are also generated. These luminescence response behaviors allow time‐gated and steady‐state luminescence modes to be combined for detecting total biothiols and discriminating GSH and Cys/Hcy. Using this probe, the quantitative detection and discrimination of GSH and Cys/Hcy in lysis solutions of HeLa cells were realized, which revealed the potential of the probe for biomedical applications.
Passerini Reaction to Access α‐Hydroxy Amides by Facile Decarbonylation/Decarboxylation of Oxalic Acid
Authors: Martinho Luan A. , Rosalba Thaissa Pasquali F. , Andrade Carlos Kleber Z.
Published: November 2022

α‐Hydroxy amides are an essential class of compounds found in natural products and bioactive molecules of drug candidates. Herein we report a facile and direct approach to these compounds through oxalic acid decarbonylation/decarboxylation during the Passerini three‐component reaction (P‐3CR) under solvent‐free conditions with microwave heating. This very convenient methodology provides the title compounds through a possible concerted intramolecular decarbonylation/decarboxylation from the α‐acyloxy amide intermediate.
Effects of 3D electrodes arrangement in a novel AC electroosmotic micropump: Numerical modeling and experimental validation
Authors: Tavari Tannaz , Meamardoost Saber , Sepehry Naserodin , Akbarzadeh Pooria , Nazari Mostafa , Hashemi Nicole N , Nazari Mohsen
Published: November 2022

To date, a comprehensive systematic optimization framework, capable of accurately predicting an efficient electrode geometry, is not available. Here, different geometries, including 3D step electrodes, have been designed in order to fabricate AC electroosmosis micropumps. It is essential to optimize both geometrical parameters of electrode, such as width and height of steps on each base electrode and their location in one pair, the size of each base electrode (symmetric or asymmetric), the gap of electrode pairs, and nongeometrical parameters such as fluid flow in a channel and electrical characteristics (e.g., frequency and voltage). The governing equations comprising of electric domain and fluid domain have been coupled using finite element method. The developed model was employed to investigate the effect of electrode geometric parameters on electroosmotic slip velocity and its subsequent effect on pressure and flow rate. Numerical simulation indicates that the optimal performance can be achieved using a design with varying step height and displacement, at a given voltage (2.5 V) and frequency (1 kHz). Finally, in order to validate the numerical simulation, the optimal microchip was fabricated using a combination of photolithography, electroplating, and a polydimethylsiloxane microchannel. Our results indicate that our micropump is capable of generating a pressure, velocity, and flow rate of 74.2 Pa, 1.76 mm/s, and 14.8 µl/min, respectively. This result reveals that our proposed geometry outperforms the state‐of‐the‐art micropumps previously reported in the literature by improving the fluid velocity by 32%, with 80% less electrodes per unit length, and whereas the channel length is ∼80% shorter.
A novel IRF2BP2::CDX2 Gene fusion in digital intravascular myoepithelioma of soft tissue: An enigma!
Authors: Patton Ashley , Speeckaert Amy , Zeltman Micayla , Cui Xiaoyan , Oghumu Steve , Iwenofu O. Hans
Published: November 2022

Soft tissue myoepitheliomas (STM) are benign myoepithelial neoplasms (of nonsalivary gland origin) arising, most commonly within subcutaneous and deep soft tissues of the extremities and rarely within bones. To the best of our knowledge, the intravascular location of STM as well as the identification of a novel IRF2BP2::CDX2 fusion have not been previously reported. Herein, we report a case of spindle cell myoepithelioma arising within the intravascular space of the right index finger in a 52‐year‐old male of more than 20 years duration. Histopathology demonstrated an intravascular tumefactive lesion composed of predominantly plump banal spindle cells in a fascicular arrangement within a mixed collagenous and chondromyxoid stroma colliding with papillary endothelial hyperplasia (Masson tumor). By immunohistochemistry, the lesional cells were positive for keratin‐AE1/3, epithelial membrane antigen, S100, SOX10, glial fibrillary acid protein, calponin and negative for CD34, smooth muscle actin, desmin, p63, and ERG. Fluorescence in situ hybridization for EWSR1 gene rearrangement was negative. Next‐generation sequencing detected a novel IRF2BP2::CDX2 fusion involving Exon 1 of the IRF2BP2 gene and Exon 2 of the CDX2 gene confirmed by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and Sanger sequencing. Further, clinical evaluation for a salivary gland mass in the head and neck region and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the chest, abdomen, and pelvis was performed with no evidence of tumor elsewhere. Taken together, the overall features were considered diagnostic of STM. Our current case underscores the novelty of the IRF2BP2::CDX2 gene fusion in STM and its exceptionally rare intravascular location.
OXYDATION PERMANGANIQUE ASSISTEE PAR TRANSFERT DE PHASE D'AMINES AROMATIQUES PRIMAIRES
Authors: Hedayatullah Mir , Roger Annie
Published: November 2022

Phase‐transfer‐assisted permanganate oxidation of primary aromatic amines with optimisation of the process conditions permits the selective synthesis of the corresponding azo compounds. Theses procedures, owing to their good yiels, constitute a considerable improvement upon the noncatalytic techniques.
Comprehensive medication management services provided via telehealth or hybrid models: A scoping review
Authors: Amundson Collin , Marupuru Srujitha , Kliethermes Mary Ann , Axon David R. , Warholak Terri L. , Turgeon Jacques , Bingham Jennifer M.
Published: November 2022

Comprehensive medication management (CMM) is increasingly provided by health care teams through telehealth or hybrid modalities. The purpose of this scoping literature review was to assess the published literature and examine the economic, clinical, and humanistic outcomes of CMM services provided by pharmacists via telehealth or hybrid modalities. This scoping review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analysis extension for Scoping Reviews. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies were included if they: reported on economic, clinical, or humanistic outcomes; were conducted via telehealth or hybrid modalities; included a pharmacist on their interprofessional team; and evaluated CMM services. The search was conducted between January 1, 2000, and September 28, 2021. The search strategy was adapted for use in Medline (PubMed); Embase; Cochrane; Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature; PsychINFO; International Pharmaceutical Abstracts; Scopus; and grey literature. Four reviewers extracted data using a screening tool developed for this study and reviewed for risk of bias. Authors screened 3500 articles, from which 11 studies met the inclusion criteria (9 observational studies, 2 RCTs). In seven studies, clinical outcomes improved with telehealth CMM interventions compared to either usual care, face‐to‐face CMM, or educational controls, as shown by the statistically significant changes in chronic disease clinical outcomes. Two studies evaluated and found increased patient and provider satisfaction. One study described a source of revenue for a telehealth CMM service. Overall, study results indicate that telehealth CMM services, in select cases, may be associated with improved clinical outcomes, but the methods of the included studies were not homogenous enough to conclude that telehealth or hybrid modalities were superior to in‐person CMM. To understand the full impact on the Quadruple Aim, additional research is needed to investigate the financial outcomes of CMM conducted using telehealth or hybrid technologies.
Abaloparatide Has the Same Catabolic Effects on Bones of Mice When Infused as PTH (1–34)
Authors: Le Henaff Carole , Finnie Brandon , Pacheco Maria , He Zhiming , Johnson Joshua , Partridge Nicola C.
Published: November 2022

Abaloparatide is a peptide analog of parathyroid hormone‐related protein (PTHrP 1–34) and was approved in 2017 as the second osteoanabolic peptide for treating osteoporosis. We previously showed that intermittent abaloparatide is equally as effective as PTH (1–34). This study was designed to compare the catabolic effects of PTH (1–34) and abaloparatide on bone in young female wild‐type mice. Two‐month‐old C57Bl/6J female mice were continuously infused with human PTH (1–34) or abaloparatide at 80 μg/kg BW/day or vehicle for 2 weeks. At euthanasia, DEXA‐PIXImus was performed to assess bone mineral density (BMD) in the whole body, femurs, tibiae, and vertebrae. Bone turnover marker levels were measured in sera, femurs were harvested for micro–computer tomography (μCT) analyses and histomorphometry, and tibiae were separated into cortical and trabecular fractions for gene expression analyses. Our results demonstrated that the infusion of abaloparatide resulted in a similar decrease in BMD as infused PTH (1–34) at all sites. μCT and histomorphometry analyses showed similar decreases in cortical bone thickness and BMD associated with an increase in bone turnover from the increased bone formation rate found by in vivo double labeling and serum P1NP and increased bone resorption as shown by osteoclast numbers and serum cross‐linked C‐telopeptide. Trabecular bone did not show major changes with either treatment. Osteoblastic gene expression analyses of trabecular and cortical bone revealed that infusion of PTH (1–34) or abaloparatide led to similar and different actions in genes of osteoblast differentiation and activity. As with intermittent and in vitro treatment, both infused PTH (1–34) and abaloparatide similarly regulated downstream genes of the PTHR1/SIK/HDAC4 pathway such as Sost and Mmp13 but differed for those of the PTHR1/SIK/CRTC pathway. Taken together, at the same dose, infused abaloparatide causes the same high bone turnover as infused PTH (1–34) with a net resorption in female wild‐type mice. © 2023 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
OMS residents’ obstructive sleep apnea‐related education, knowledge, and professional behavior: A national survey
Authors: Chadha Sagar , Inglehart Marita R. , Shelgikar Anita , Stanley Jeffrey J. , Aronovich Sharon
Published: November 2022

Objectives

Oral and maxillofacial surgeons (OMS) treat adult and pediatric patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Objective 1 assessed sleep apnea–related education, knowledge, and professional behavior of OMS residents in the United States. Objective 2 was to compare the responses of junior versus senior residents and residents in single‐ versus dual‐degree programs.

Methods

OMS residents in the United States received a recruitment email with a link to an anonymous online survey; 81 residents responded. The survey included 20 questions to assess respondents’ OSA‐related education, knowledge, attitudes, and professional behavior.

Results

Respondents generally agreed that they had received OSA‐related didactic‐based education (5‐point scale with “5” = agree strongly: mean = 3.62) and clinical training (mean = 3.75). Clinical and classroom educational gaps were identified in relation to treatment with oral appliances and hypoglossal nerve stimulation. The residents scored on average 10.38 out of 18 (58%) possible correct answer points for the knowledge questions. Findings about pediatric OSA suggest that only 43.8% of residents understand diagnostic criteria for pediatric OSA, with only 26.6% screening pediatric patients for OSA. A case analysis showed that only 1.5% of residents correctly identified an apnea–hypopnea index of 17 as moderate sleep apnea.

Conclusion(s)

This survey found knowledge gaps in several areas that can be improved upon. It identifies deficiency in objective knowledge about OSA among OMS residents and a specific lack of clinical training and confidence with hypoglossal nerve stimulation and management of pediatric patients with OSA. Junior and senior residents and single‐ and dual‐degree residents showed no statistically significant differences in any category except senior residents in regard to surgical management of OSA, particularly with maxillomandibular advancement.
A new fistula risk score using sarcopenic obesity and subcutaneous fat area for predicting postoperative pancreatic fistula after pancreaticoduodenectomy
Authors: Hayashi Hikaru , Shimizu Akira , Kubota Koji , Notake Tsuyoshi , Masuo Hitoshi , Yoshizawa Takahiro , Hosoda Kiyotaka , Sakai Hiroki , Ikehara Tomohiko , Soejima Yuji
Published: November 2022

Background/Purpose

Postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) is a serious complication of pancreaticoduodenectomy and current predictors of POPF are inadequate. We developed a new fistula score to more accurately predict POPF.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed 169 patients who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy between January 2010 and August 2021 at our institution and examined patients' risk factors according to the occurrence of grade B/C POPF. Muscle and fat were assessed on preoperative computed tomography images and cutoff values were determined by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis.

Results

Grade B/C POPF occurred in 38 (22.5%) patients. Multivariate analysis of patients' risk factors revealed that sarcopenic obesity (odds ratio [OR] 2.94; p = .033), L3 subcutaneous fat area (SFA) ≥ 98.0 cm2 (OR 2.69; p = .049), and soft pancreatic texture (OR 27.5; p = .002) were independent risk factors of grade B/C POPF occurrence. In addition, a new fistula risk score based on these factors revealed that 63.6% of patients with high scores developed grade B/C POPF, while those with negligible or low scores did not.

Conclusions

A new fistula risk scoring system based on sarcopenic obesity, SFA, and pancreatic texture may accurately predict POFP.
Comparative Analysis of a Locally Resampling MR Elastography Reconstruction Algorithm in Liver Fibrosis
Authors: Pagé Gwenaël , Julea Felicia , Paradis Valérie , Vilgrain Valérie , Valla Dominique , Van Beers Bernard E. , Garteiser Philippe
Published: November 2022

Background

In magnetic resonance elastography (MRE), the precision of the observed mechanical depends on the ratio between mechanical wavelength and spatial resolution. Since the mechanical wavelength may vary with actuation frequency, between patients and depending on position, a unique spatial resolution may not always generate an optimal ratio for multifrequency acquisitions, in patients with varying degrees of disease or in mechanically heterogeneous organs.

Purpose

To describe an MRE reconstruction algorithm that adjusts the ratio between shear wavelength and pixel size, by locally resampling the matrix of shear displacement, and to assess its performance relative to existing reconstructions in different use cases.

Study Type

Prospective.

Population

Four phantoms, 20 healthy volunteers (5 men, median age 34, range 20–56) and 46 patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (37 men, median age 63, range 33–83).

Field Strength/Sequence

A 3 T; gradient‐echo elastography sequence with 40 Hz, 60 Hz, and 80 Hz frequencies.

Assessment

For each algorithm, phantoms stiffness were compared against their nominal values, repeatability was calculated in healthy volunteers, and diagnostic performance in detecting advanced liver fibrosis was assessed in 46 patients.

Statistical Tests

Linear regression was used to evaluate the agreement between stiffness values and phantoms stiffnesses. Bland–Altman method was used to evaluate repeatability in volunteers. The ability to diagnose advanced fibrosis was assessed by receiver operating curve analysis (with Youden index thresholds). Significance was considered at P value of 0.05.

Results

From the linear regression, the slope closest to 1 is provided by MARS (40 Hz) and k‐MDEV (60H, 80 Hz). Repeatability index was best with MDEV (23%) and lowest with k‐MDEV (53%). The best performance in detecting advanced fibrosis was provided by MARS at 40 Hz (area under the operating curve, AUC = 0.88), k‐MDEV and MARS at 60 Hz (AUC = 0.91), and multimodel direct inversion (MMDI) and MARS at 80 Hz (AUC = 0.90).

Data Conclusion

MARS shows the best diagnostic performance to detect advanced fibrosis and the second‐best results in phantoms after k‐MDEV.

Evidence Level

1.

Technical Efficacy

Stage 2.
Nanostructured Transition Metal Dichalcogenide Multilayers for Advanced Nanophotonics
Authors: Munkhbat Battulga , Küçüköz Betül , Baranov Denis G. , Antosiewicz Tomasz J. , Shegai Timur O.
Published: November 2022

Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) attract significant attention due to their exceptional optical, excitonic, mechanical, and electronic properties. Nanostructured multilayer TMDs were recently shown to be highly promising for nanophotonic applications, as motivated by their exceptionally high refractive indices and optical anisotropy. Here, this vision is extended to more sophisticated structures, such as periodic arrays of nanodisks and nanoholes with ultra sharp walls, as well as proof‐of‐concept all‐TMD waveguides and resonators. Specific focus is given to various advanced nanofabrication strategies, including careful selection of resists for electron beam lithography and etching methods, especially for non‐conductiven but relevant for nanophotonic applications substrates, such as SiO2. The specific materials studied here include semiconducting WS2, in‐plane anisotropic ReS2, and metallic TaSe2, TaS2, and NbSe2. The resulting nanostructures can potentially impact several nanophotonic and optoelectronic areas, including high‐index nanophotonics, plasmonics and on‐chip optical circuits. The knowledge of TMD material‐dependent nanofabrication parameters developed here will help broaden the scope of future applications of all‐TMD nanophotonics.
Robust Polyion Complex Vesicles (PICsomes) Based on PEO‐b‐poly(amino acid) Copolymers Combining Electrostatic and Hydrophobic Interactions: Formation, siRNA Loading and Intracellular Delivery
Authors: Aydinlioglu Esra , Abdelghani Mona , Le Fer Gaëlle , van Hest Jan C. M. , Sandre Olivier , Lecommandoux Sébastien
Published: November 2022

Two pairs of oppositely charged PEO‐b‐poly(amino acid) copolymers with neutral poly(ethylene oxide) block and polypeptide block composed of the hydrophobic l‐phenylalanine (Phe) amino acid mixed with either negative l‐glutamic acid (Glu) or positive l‐lysine (Lys) units are synthesized. N‐carboxyanhydride (NCA) ring opening polymerization is performed with either PEO46‐NH2 or PEO114‐NH2 macroinitiators, leading respectively to PEO46‐b‐P(Glu100‐co‐Phe65) and PEO46‐b‐P(Lys100‐co‐Phe65), and PEO114‐b‐P(Glu60‐co‐Phe40) and PEO114‐b‐P(Lys60‐co‐Phe40). Polyion complexes (PIC) formed at near charge equilibrium led to vesicle formation (PICsomes), as shown by DLS, zetametry, and TEM. The good stability of PICsomes, even in high salinity media, is interpreted by ππ stacking hydrophobic interactions between the Phe residues, playing the role of “physical cross‐linking”. These PICsomes are successfully loaded with small interfering ribonucleic acid (siRNA) directed against firefly luciferase enzyme expression. They also exhibit minimal cell cytotoxicity while superior silencing efficacy is shown by cell bioluminescence assay as compared to free siRNA and a standard lipofectamine‐siRNA complex. As such, self‐assembly of oppositely charged PEO‐b‐poly(amino acids) block copolymers enables forming PICsomes of high stability thanks to ππ interactions of the Phe co‐monomer in the polypeptide block, with high potential as biocompatible nanocarriers for RNA interference.
Ion‐molecule reactions of mass‐selected ions
Authors: Parker Kevin , Bollis Nicholas E. , Ryzhov Victor
Published: November 2022

Gas‐phase reactions of mass‐selected ions with neutrals covers a very broad area of fundamental and applied mass spectrometry (MS). Oftentimes, ion‐molecule reactions (IMR) can serve as a viable alternative to collision‐induced dissociation and other ion dissociation techniques when using tandem MS. This review focuses on the literature pertaining applications of IMR since 2013. During the past decade considerable efforts have been made in analytical applications of IMR, including advances in one of the major techniques for characterization of unsaturated fatty acids and lipids, ozone‐induced dissociation, and the development of a new technique for sequencing of large ions, hydrogen atom attachment/abstraction dissociation. Many advances have also been made in identifying gas‐phase chemistry specific to a functional group in organic and biological compounds, which are useful in structure elucidation of analytes and differentiation of isomers/isobars. With “soft” ionization techniques like electrospray ionization having become mainstream for quite some time now, the efforts in the area of metal ion catalysis have firmly moved into exploring chemistry of ligated metal complexes in their “natural” oxidation states allowing to model individual steps of mechanisms in homogeneous catalysis, especially in combination with high‐level DFT calculations. Finally, IMR continue to contribute to the body of knowledge in the area of chemistry of interstellar processes.
Bioanalytik: Mit Nanoröhren Botenstoffe detektieren
Authors: Hill Björn , Mohr Jennifer , Kruss Sebastian
Published: November 2022

Um Signalmoleküle zu beobachten, sind Methoden mit hoher zeitlicher und räumlicher Auflösung erforderlich. Als Bausteine für Sensoren eignen sich Kohlenstoffnanoröhren, die im nahen Infrarot fluoreszieren. Auf Gehirnzellen aufgebracht zeigen sie, wo und wann der Neurotransmitter Dopamin frei wird.
Taking command of continuity—An interview study with agency nurses
Authors: Djukanovic Ingrid , Fagerström Cecilia , Schildmeijer Kristina , Tuvesson Hanna
Published: November 2022

Aim

The aim of the study was to describe continuity from the perspective of working as an agency nurse (AN).

Design

Qualitative design was applied using individual semi‐structured interviews.

Method

Individual interviews with fifteen registered nurses working at agency companies were conducted in 2020. The interviews were analyzed with thematic analysis. The study followed the guidelines addressed in the COREQ (Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research) framework.

Results

Thematic analysis yielded one theme ‐ standing strong and taking command ‐ and four categories: being competent and experienced, being prepared and at ease, ensuring an unbroken chain of care, and belonging on my own terms. The categories illustrated the engagement, professionalism, and natural leadership showed by the ANs to uphold quality and continuity.
Correlation analysis of self‐directed learning ability, self‐efficacy and academic burnout of junior nursing college students in closed management colleges
Authors: Chen Zhi‐han , Ma Yuan‐yuan , Feng Xing‐hui , Lin Yan
Published: November 2022

Aims

To understand the status quo of self‐directed learning ability, self‐efficacy and academic burnout of junior nursing college students, since the closed management mode was implemented during COVID‐19 pandemic disease.

Design

Cross‐sectional study.

Methods

Participants came from 3,051 junior nursing college students of a college in Zhengzhou City, Henan Province, China. Data were collected by online questionnaire and analysed by SPSS25.0 (a statistical package for social science) and AMOS24.0 software.

Results

High self‐directed learning ability and self‐efficacy were related to low levels of academic burnout (p < .01). In addition, the analysis of mediation effect indicated that the influence of self‐directed learning ability on academic burnout was not mediated by self‐efficacy.
Need to study simplification of gastrointestinal medication regimen in cystic fibrosis in the era of highly effective modulators
Authors: Sathe Meghana , Moshiree Baha , Aliaj Enid , Lee MinJae , Hudson Jessica , Gifford Alex , Attel Susan , Gamel Breck , Freedman Steven D. , Schwarzenberg Sarah Jane , Freeman A. Jay
Published: November 2022

Introduction

The success of highly effective modulator therapy (HEMT) has led to consideration of simpler regimens for people with CF (PwCF) with opportunities to modify burdensome regimens. Despite the intuitive appeal of discontinuing chronic therapies no longer necessary, this process should be pursued systematically to ensure safety, adherence, and validate patient‐centered preferences. We designed a questionnaire to determine the state of use of acid‐suppressive medications (ASM) and pancreatic enzyme therapy (PERT), current self‐withdrawal and provider‐directed withdrawal practices, and interest in a standardized withdrawal study.

Methods

In collaboration with CF Foundation (CFF), a questionnaire was developed and distributed to members of Community Voice (CV, comprised of PwCF and their loved ones), and CF providers regarding the need to study simplifying the gastrointestinal (GI) regimen for PwCF on HEMT.

Results

Approximately 20‐40% of CV or CF providers have decreased or stopped ASM for those on HEMT. For PERT, CV and CF providers have decreased dose (34%–48% and approximately 25%, respectively) more often than having stopped it altogether (13%–24% and 3%–12%, respectively). Cumulatively, there is interest in pursuing research in this area (86% CV and 89% CF providers) and willingness to enroll in such a study (80% CV and 89% CF providers).

Conclusion

Systematically studying the withdrawal of common GI medications, ASM and PERT, is important to CV and CF providers. Decreases in dosing and withdrawal are already taking place without evidence to support this practice. This questionnaire is the first step in designing a GI medication simplification study in PwCF on HEMT.
An Autonomously Self‐Healing Silicone Polyurea Waterproof Coating for Combustible Cartridge Cases
Authors: Zhang Xiang , Xiao Zhenggang
Published: November 2022

Nitrocellulose‐based combustible cartridge case (NC‐3C) is highly hygroscopic, which greatly limits its broader application. The effective strategy for NC‐3Cs to prevent moisture is the endowment of waterproof coatings. However, the traditional waterproof coatings for NC‐3Cs cannot self‐heal the inevitable mechanical microcracks suffered during handling and storage, which often gives moisture much more opportunities to destroy the internals. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a self‐healing waterproof coating for the protection of NC‐3Cs. Herein, a smart self‐healing silicone polyurea (SPU) elastomer based on dynamic reversible hydrogen bonds is designed as a waterproof coating for NC‐3Cs. The SPU elastomer shows an outstanding self‐healing efficiency of 99.06 % after 12‐hour self‐healing at room temperature. And it also can self‐heal its damages even when the ambient temperatures rise to 50 °C or drop to −18 °C. Moreover, the SPU‐coated NC‐3C can also self‐heal its microcracks in time after being scratched and obtains extremely low water absorptions (<0.20 %) after 24‐hour soaking, exhibiting good waterproof performance. Endowing the waterproof coating with self‐healing ability is a promising design strategy to repair the coating microcracks and improve the environmental adaptability of NC‐3C during handling and storage. This work pioneers a new design of self‐healing waterproof coating for NC‐3Cs, and it has a positive guiding significance to expend broader application of NC‐3C.
Community partnerships in medical education: Narratives of medical students
Authors: Cardoso Pinto Alexandra M. , Malone Ethan , Ramesh Nydile , Onanuga Simisola , Benny Nikitha , Pettitt Christine , Pinder Richard J. , Budhathoki Shyam Sundar
Published: November 2022

While medical education has traditionally been designed, led and delivered exclusively by clinicians and academics, there has been an increasing shift towards diversifying actors involved in training future generations of health professionals. Public and patient involvement in learning increases the likelihood that learning is relevant to the communities we purport to serve. This article explores the experiences of medical students who were partnered with a community‐based organisation (CBOs) as part of the intercalated Global Health BSc at Imperial College London. Students involved in this programme highlight opportunities to understand the needs of communities they were placed with, beyond what is possible to understand in clinical practice; this is essential to support them in becoming holistic, patient‐centred practitioners. Students also found this opportunity helpful to gain insight into the role and value of the voluntary sector in healthcare and develop transferrable skills in project leadership and management. It is hypothesised that the benefits of this partnership extend to community‐organisations; they gain experience working with students, who provide an external view of their services and may be helpful in the delivery of quality‐improvement projects. Communities could also benefit from interactions with students by sharing insight into their needs and priorities, and in turn, shaping students’ priorities as future health professionals and co‐designers of voluntary‐sector initiatives within the community. Whilst the establishment of these partnerships does not come without its challenges, this article also highlights lessons for students and institutions undergoing similar programmes, including clarification of goals, stakeholder consultation, sustainability of interventions, voicing the community, timetable flexibility and funding.
Scaling Relations and Topological Quadruple Points in Light‐Matter Interactions with Anisotropy and Nonlinear Stark Coupling
Authors: Ying Zu‐Jian
Published: November 2022

Universality is a common quality in different physical parameters that is rooted in the deep nature of physical systems. Scaling relation is a typical universality for critical phenomena around a quantum phase transition, while topological classification provides another type of universality essentially different from the critical universality. Both classes of universalities can be present in a single‐qubit system with light‐matter interactions, as exhibiting generally in the fundamental quantum Rabi model with anisotropy not only for linear coupling but also for nonlinear Stark coupling (NSC). In low frequencies different levels of scaling relations are extracted, holding for anisotropic or/and NSCs, locally or globally. At finite frequencies such a critical universality breaks down and diversity is dominant. However, common topological feature of the ground state can be extracted from the node number, which yields a topological class of universality amidst the critical diversity. Both conventional and unconventional topological transitions emerge, with their meeting, which never occurs in linear interaction, enabled by the nonlinear coupling to form topological quadruple points which are found to be spin‐invariant points. Sensitivity analysis indicates that the NSC can be another applicable approach to manipulate topological transitions in addition to coupling anisotropy.
Effects of cold and warm thermopeaking on drift and stranding of juvenile European grayling (Thymallus thymallus)
Authors: Auer Stefan , Hayes Daniel S. , Führer Simon , Zeiringer Bernhard , Schmutz Stefan
Published: November 2022

Intermittent water releases from hydropower plants, called hydropeaking, negatively affect river biota. The impacts mainly depend on hydrological alterations, but changes in physical habitat conditions are suspected to be co‐responsible. For example, hydropeaking accompanied by a sudden change of water temperature in the downstream river—called thermopeaking—is also presumed to impair aquatic ecosystems. Still, knowledge about these thermopeaking impacts on aquatic species and life‐stages is limited. We performed flume experiments under semi‐natural conditions to fill this knowledge gap, simulating single hydropeaking events with a change in water temperature. As response parameters, we quantified the drift and stranding of early life‐stages of European grayling (Thymallus thymallus L.), a key fish species of Alpine hydropeaking rivers. Hydropeaking events with a decrease in water temperature (“cold thermopeaking”) led to significantly higher downstream drift (mean = 51%) than events with increasing water temperature (“warm thermopeaking”, mean = 27%). Moreover, during cold thermopeaking, a comparably high fish drift was recorded up to 45 min after the start of peak flows. In contrast, drift rates quickly decreased after 15 min during warm thermopeaking. Remarkably, the spatial distribution of downstream drift along gravel bars during cold thermopeaking showed the opposite pattern compared to those triggered by warm thermopeaking events indicating different behavioral responses. Furthermore, the stranding rates of the cold thermopeaking trials were twice as high (mean = 31%) as those of the warm thermopeaking experiments (mean = 14%). The outcomes present vital information for improving mitigation measures and adapting environmental guidelines.
Synergistic Contribution of Oligo(ethylene glycol) and Fluorine Substitution of Conjugated Polymer Photocatalysts toward Solar Driven Sacrificial Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: An Sanghyeok , Wu Ziang , Jeong Hayoung , Lee Juhyeok , Jeong Sang Young , Lee Wonjong , Kim Sunkyu , Han Jeong Woo , Lim Jongchul , Cha Hyojung , Woo Han Young , Chung Dae Sung
Published: November 2022

To separately explore the importance of hydrophilicity and backbone planarity of polymer photocatalyst, a series of benzothiadiazole‐based donor–acceptor alternating copolymers incorporating alkoxy, linear oligo(ethylene glycol) (OEG) side chain, and backbone fluorine substituents is presented. The OEG side chains in the polymer backbone increase the surface energy of the polymer nanoparticles, thereby improving the interaction with water and facilitating electron transfer to water. Moreover, the OEG‐attached copolymers exhibit enhanced intermolecular packing compared to polymers with alkoxy side chains, which is possibly attributed to the self‐assembly properties of the side chains. Fluorine substituents on the polymer backbone produce highly ordered lamellar stacks with distinct π–π stacking features; subsequently, the long‐lived polarons toward hydrogen evolution are observed by transient absorption spectroscopy. In addition, a new nanoparticle synthesis strategy using a methanol/water mixed solvent is first adopted, thereby avoiding the screening effect of surfactants between the nanoparticles and water. Finally, hydrogen evolution rate of 26 000 µmol g−1 h−1is obtained for the copolymer incorporated with both OEG side chains and fluorine substituents under visible‐light irradiation (λ > 420 nm). This study demonstrates how the glycol side chain strategy can be further optimized for polymer photocatalysts by controlling the backbone planarity.
Reconfiguring the Electronic Structure of Heteroatom Doped Carbon Supported Bimetallic Oxide@Metal Sulfide Core–Shell Heterostructure via In Situ Nb Incorporation toward Extrinsic Pseudocapacitor
Authors: Patil Amar M. , Moon Sunil , Seo Youngho , Roy Sanjib B. , Jadhav Arti A. , Dubal Deepak P. , Kang Keonwook , Jun Seong Chan
Published: November 2022

High‐energy‐density battery‐type materials have sparked considerable interest as supercapacitors electrode; however, their sluggish charge kinetics limits utilization of redox‐active sites, resulting in poor electrochemical performance. Here, the unique core–shell architecture of metal organic framework derived N–S codoped carbon@CoxSy micropetals decorated with Nb‐incorporated cobalt molybdate nanosheets (Nb‐CMO4@CxSyNC) is demonstrated. Coordination bonding across interfaces and π–π stacking interactions between CMO4@CxSy and N and, S–C can prevent volume expansion during cycling. Density functional theory analysis reveals that the excellent interlayer and the interparticle conductivity imparted by Nb doping in heteroatoms synergistically alter the electronic states and offer more accessible species, leading to increased electrical conductivity with lower band gaps. Consequently, the optimized electrode has a high specific capacity of 276.3 mAh g−1 at 1 A g−1 and retains 98.7% of its capacity after 10 000 charge–discharge cycles. A flexible quasi‐solid‐state SC with a layer‐by‐layer deposited reduced graphene oxide /Ti3C2TX anode achieves a specific energy of 75.5 Wh kg−1 (volumetric energy of 1.58 mWh cm−3) at a specific power of 1.875 kWh kg−1 with 96.2% capacity retention over 10 000 charge–discharge cycles.
High‐Throughput Cellular Heterogeneity Analysis in Cell Migration at the Single‐Cell Level
Authors: Zhou Mengli , Ma Yushu , Chiang Chun‐Cheng , Rock Edwin C. , Luker Kathryn E. , Luker Gary D. , Chen Yu‐Chih
Published: November 2022

Cancer cell migration represents an essential step toward metastasis and cancer deaths. However, conventional drug discovery focuses on cytotoxic and growth‐inhibiting compounds rather than inhibitors of migration. Drug screening assays generally measure the average response of many cells, masking distinct cell populations that drive metastasis and resist treatments. Here, this work presents a high‐throughput microfluidic cell migration platform that coordinates robotic liquid handling and computer vision for rapidly quantifying individual cellular motility. Using this innovative technology, 172 compounds were tested and a surprisingly low correlation between migration and growth inhibition was found. Notably, many compounds were found to inhibit migration of most cells while leaving fast‐moving subpopulations unaffected. This work further pinpoints synergistic drug combinations, including Bortezomib and Danirixin, to stop fast‐moving cells. To explain the observed cell behaviors, single‐cell morphological and molecular analysis were performed. These studies establish a novel technology to identify promising migration inhibitors for cancer treatment and relevant applications.
Genomic selection performs as effectively as phenotypic selection for increasing seed yield in soybean
Authors: Bandillo Nonoy B. , Jarquin Diego , Posadas Luis G. , Lorenz Aaron J. , Graef George L.
Published: November 2022

Increasing the rate of genetic gain for seed yield remains the primary breeding objective in both public and private soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] breeding programs. Genomic selection (GS) has the potential to accelerate the rate of genetic gain for soybean seed yield. Limited studies to date have validated GS accuracy and directly compared GS with phenotypic selection (PS), and none have been reported in soybean. This study conducted the first empirical validation of GS for increasing seed yield using over 1,500 lines and over 7 yr (2010–2016) of replicated experiments in the University of Nebraska–Lincoln soybean breeding program. The study was designed to capture the varying genetic relatedness of the training population to three validation sets: two large biparental populations (TBP‐1 and TBP‐2) and a large validation set comprised of 457 preselected advanced lines derived from 45 biparental populations (TMP). We found that prediction accuracy (.54) realized in our validation experiments was comparable with what we obtained from a series of cross‐validation experiments (.64). Both GS and PS were more effective for increasing the population mean performance compared with random selection (RS). We found a selection advantage of GS over PS, where higher genetic gain and identification of top‐performing lines was maximized at 10–20% selected proportion. Genomic selection led to small increases in genetic similarity when compared with PS and RS presumably because of a significant shift on allelic frequencies toward the extremes, suggesting that it could erode genetic diversity more quickly. Overall, we found that GS can perform as effectively as PS but that measures should be considered to protect against loss of genetic variance when using GS.
Parked aeroelastic field rotor response for a 20% scaled demonstrator of a 13‐MW downwind turbine
Authors: Kaminski Meghan , Loth Eric , Fingersh Lee Jay , Scholbrock Andy , Selig Michael
Published: November 2022

Aeroelastic parked testing of a unique downwind two‐bladed subscale rotor was completed to characterize the response of an extreme‐scale 13‐MW turbine in high‐wind parked conditions. A 20% geometric scaling was used resulting in scaled 20‐m‐long blades, whose structural and stiffness properties were designed using aeroelastic scaling to replicate the nondimensional structural aeroelastic deflections and dynamics that would occur for a lightweight, downwind 13‐MW rotor. The subscale rotor was mounted and field tested on the two‐bladed Controls Advanced Research Turbine (CART2) at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory's Flatiron Campus (NREL FC). The parked testing of these highly flexible blades included both pitch‐to‐run and pitch‐to‐feather configurations with the blades in the horizontal braked orientation. The collected experimental data includes the unsteady flapwise root bending moments and tip deflections as a function of inflow wind conditions. The bending moments are based on strain gauges located in the root section, whereas the tip deflections are captured by a video camera on the hub of the turbine pointed toward the tip of the blade. The experimental results are compared against computational predictions generated by FAST, a wind turbine simulation software, for the subscale and full‐scale models with consistent unsteady wind fields. FAST reasonably predicted the bending moments and deflections of the experimental data in terms of both the mean and standard deviations. These results demonstrate the efficacy of the first such aeroelastically scaled turbine test and demonstrate that a highly flexible lightweight downwind coned rotor can be designed to withstand extreme loads in parked conditions.
Vision Zero in Poland
Authors: Jamroz Kazimierz , Romanowska Aleksandra , Michalski Lech , Żukowska Joanna
Published: November 2022

Poland’s experience of road safety work is relatively short. In the early 1990s road deaths soared to a staggering 8000 a year. A diagnosis found that Poland’s lack of systemic road safety action was to blame for those figures. In response, the state set up road safety bodies and commissioned road safety programs. In 2005, Poland followed the example of Sweden and adopted Vision Zero as a far-reaching concept of changes in road safety. The work that followed helped to improve the situation and reach less than 3000 fatalities in 2015. Despite that, for years Poland has been notorious for its road accident deaths, which are some of the highest in the EU. Poland has had its share of both successes and failures. The results of road safety policies are still below the expectations and many problems have not been solved. Road accidents are not considered a major problem. As a consequence, they are low on political agendas and the institutions remain ineffective due to a sense of collective responsibility for road safety problems. Achieving Vision Zero will require many changes, learning from past mistakes, taking advantage of the experience of the best performing countries, and, above all, taking effective and efficient actions with their systematic monitoring.

This chapter is a summary of the last 30 years of road safety work in Poland. It presents a diagnosis of Poland’s problems, an assessment of the policies so far, and the likelihood of achieving the assumptions of Vision Zero in the future. Building on this, recommendations are given on the next steps Poland should take to improve its road safety.
Adoption of Safe Systems in the United States
Authors: Michael Jeffrey P. , Shahum Leah , Paniati Jeffrey F.
Published: November 2022

Safe Systems are in early phases of implementation in the US. Adoption of these concepts in the USA has been slower than in a number of other nations, including Sweden, The Netherlands, UK and Australia. Whereas adoption in other nations began as early as the late 1990s, interest in Safe Systems in the USA followed by about a decade. One factor associated with this delay is the success that the USA experienced with public safety and compliance methods, such as high-visibility traffic law enforcement, during the period in which the Safe System movement took hold in other countries.

National road safety professional organizations were among the first in the USA to shift toward zero-focused strategies. City and state governments followed and the federal government took steps in this direction after local and state efforts were well underway. By 2020, discussion of Safe Systems was taking place in national professional associations and early steps had been taken toward federal institutional support.

Although implementation in the USA is not yet widespread, lessons have been learned in building public and political support for Safe Systems. Managing public expectations regarding short-term safety benefits is likely to be a key to longer-term Safe Systems support. Increased efforts are needed to inform political leaders at the local, state and national levels of the benefits of Safe Systems and Vision Zero as well as additional education for safety practitioners.
Zero Visions and Other Safety Principles
Authors: Hansson Sven Ove
Published: November 2022

Safety management is largely based on safety principles, which are simple guidelines intended to guide safety work. This chapter provides a typology and systematic overview of safety principles and an analysis of how they relate to Vision Zero. Three major categories of safety principles are investigated. Theaspiration principlestell us what level of safety or risk reduction we should aim at or aspire to. Important examples are Vision Zero, continuous improvement, ALARA (as low as reasonably achievable), BAT (best available technology), cost-benefit analysis, cost-effectiveness analysis, risk limits, and exposure limits. Theerror tolerance principlesare based on the insight that accidents and mistakes will happen, however much we try to avoid them. We therefore have to minimize the negative effects of failures and unexpected disturbances. Safety principles telling us how to do this include fail-safety, inherent safety, substitution, multiple safety barriers, redundancy, and safety factors. Finally,evidence evaluation principlesprovide guidance on how to evaluate uncertain evidence. Major such principles are the precautionary principle, a reversed burden of proof, and risk neutrality.