bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cardioprotective effects of empagliflozin after ischemia and reperfusion in rats
Authors: Seefeldt Jacob Marthinsen , Lassen Thomas Ravn , Hjortbak Marie Vognstoft , Jespersen Nichlas Riise , Kvist Frederikke , Hansen Jakob , Bøtker Hans Erik
Published: May 2021

The Sodium Glucose Co-Transporter-2 inhibitor, empagliflozin (EMPA), reduces mortality and hospitalisation for heart failure following myocardial infarction irrespective of diabetes status. While the findings suggest an inherent cardioprotective capacity, the mechanism remains unknown. We studied infarct size (IS) ex-vivo in isolated hearts exposed to global IR injury and in-vivo in rats subjected to regional myocardial ischemia reperfusion (IR) injury, in whom we followed left ventricular dysfunction for 28 days. We compared rats that were given EMPA orally for 7 days before, EMPA 1.5 h before IR injury and at onset of reperfusion and continued orally during the follow-up period. We used echocardiography, high resolution respirometry, microdialysis and plasma levels of β-hydroxybutyrate to assess myocardial performance, mitochondrial respiration and intermediary metabolism, respectively. Pretreatment with EMPA for 7 days reduced IS in-vivo (65 ± 7% vs. 46 ± 8%, p < 0.0001 while administration 1.5 h before IR, at onset of reperfusion or ex-vivo did not. EMPA alleviated LV dysfunction irrespective of the reduction in IS. EMPA improved mitochondrial respiration and modulated myocardial interstitial metabolism while the concentration of β-hydroxybutyric acid was only transiently increased without any association with IS reduction. EMPA reduces infarct size and yields cardioprotection in non-diabetic rats with ischemic LV dysfunction by an indirect, delayed intrinsic mechanism that also improves systolic function beyond infarct size reduction. The mechanism involves enhanced mitochondrial respiratory capacity and modulated myocardial metabolism but not hyperketonemia.
Concurrent X chromosome inactivation and upregulation during non-human primate preimplantation development revealed by single-cell RNA-sequencing
Authors: Cidral Ana Luíza , de Mello Joana C. Moreira , Gribnau Joost , Pereira Lygia V.
Published: May 2021

In mammals, dosage compensation of X-linked gene expression between males and females is achieved by inactivation of a single X chromosome in females, while upregulation of the single active X in males and females leads to X:autosome dosage balance. Studies in human embryos revealed that random X chromosome inactivation starts at the preimplantation stage and is not complete by day 12 of development. Alternatively, others proposed that dosage compensation in human preimplantation embryos is achieved by dampening expression from the two X chromosomes in females. Here, we characterize X-linked dosage compensation in another primate, the marmoset (Callithrix jacchus). Analyzing scRNA-seq data from preimplantation embryos, we detected upregulation of XIST at the morula stage, where female embryos presented a significantly higher expression of XIST than males. Moreover, we show an increase of X-linked monoallelically expressed genes in female embryos between the morula and late blastocyst stages, indicative of XCI. Nevertheless, dosage compensation was not achieved by the late blastocyst stage. Finally, we show that X:autosome dosage compensation is achieved at the 8-cell stage, and demonstrate that X chromosome dampening in females does not take place in the marmoset. Our work contributes to the elucidation of primate X-linked dosage compensation.
Late stroke after transcatheter aortic valve replacement: a nationwide study
Authors: Bjursten Henrik , Norrving Bo , Ragnarsson Sigurdur
Published: May 2021

Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is a rapidly growing field. Short-term safety and efficacy of these procedures have been studied extensively. However, little is known about the safety of these devices over time. Stroke is one feared long-term complication, and an increased stroke rate could affect guidelines for treating both the aortic stenosis and choosing antithrombotic therapy after TAVR. The primary objective was to study the incidence of stroke up to 8 years after TAVR implantation, comparing it with the risk of stroke in the general population. Secondary objectives were to study risk factors for late stroke and to study outcomes after stroke. A nationwide, all-comers study of patients who underwent TAVR in Sweden 2008–2018 was performed. The study was based on data from three national registries: a TAVR registry, a stroke registry, and a diagnosis registry. The main outcome was stroke incidence 30-days or more after TAVR implantation and was compared to a standardized incidence. The annual risk for stroke varied between 2.0% and 3.1% as compared to 1.5% and 1.9% in an age- and sex-matched cohort. Risk factors for developing stroke were reduced renal function, diabetes, history of stroke, age, and male sex. The 1-year mortality after stroke was 44%. This study demonstrated an increased rate of stroke after TAVR, but the findings suggest that this can in part be attributed to the group’s higher frequency of pre-disposing risk factors.
Corneal sensitivity is required for orientation in free-flying migratory bats
Authors: Lindecke Oliver , Holland Richard A. , Pētersons Gunārs , Voigt Christian C.
Published: May 2021

The exact anatomical location for an iron particle-based magnetic sense remains enigmatic in vertebrates. For mammals, findings from a cornea anaesthesia experiment in mole rats suggest that it carries the primary sensors for magnetoreception. Yet, this has never been tested in a free-ranging mammal. Here, we investigated whether intact corneal sensation is crucial for navigation in migrating Nathusius’ bats, Pipistrellus nathusii, translocated from their migratory corridor. We found that bats treated with corneal anaesthesia in both eyes flew in random directions after translocation and release, contrasting bats with a single eye treated, and the control group, which both oriented in the seasonally appropriate direction. Using a Y-maze test, we confirmed that light detection remained unaffected by topical anaesthesia. Therefore our results suggest the cornea as a possible site of magnetoreception in bats, although other conceivable effects of the anaesthetic are also explored. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the corneal based sense is of bilateral nature but can function in a single eye if necessary.
Selenium-atom-modified thymidine enhances the specificity and sensitivity of DNA polymerization and detection
Authors: Li Yang , Zhou Yingying , Luo Danyan , Yang Zhaoyi , Hu Lillian Ruoduo , Huang Zhen
Published: May 2021

Selenium atom modification (SAM) at the 2-exo-O position of thymidine can prevent T/G mispair formation. SeTTP can significantly inhibit nonspecific amplification in DNA polymerization, leading to high specificity and sensitivity in detection.
Hyper-fast gas chromatography and single-photon ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry with integrated electrical modulator-based sampling for headspace and online VOC analyses
Authors: Gehm Christian , Schnepel Kevin , Czech Hendryk , Miersch Toni , Ehlert Sven , Zimmermann Ralf
Published: May 2021

We developed a novel fast gas chromatography (fastGC) instrument with integrated sampling of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and detection by single-photon ionisation (SPI) time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOFMS).
A reaction-coordinate perspective of magnetic relaxation
Authors: Jackson Cassidy E. , Moseley Ian P. , Martinez Roxanna , Sung Siyoung , Zadrozny Joseph M.
Published: May 2021

This tutorial review gives a synthetic chemistry perspective of magnetic relaxation phenomena through the lens of the reaction-coordinate diagram.
Fabrication of one dimensional hierarchical WO3/BiOI heterojunctions with enhanced visible light activity for degradation of pollutants
Authors: Lu Xiaoxiao , Li Qiang , Wang Lijie , Jiang Wen , Luo Rui , Zhang Min , Cui Chaopeng , Tian Zhenfei , Zhu Guangping
Published: May 2021

One-dimensional (1D) hierarchical WO3/BiOI p–n (WB) heterojunctions with different mass percentages of WO3 were fabricated through a precipitation process.
Gold nanoclusters as prospective carriers and detectors of pramipexole
Authors: Si Nguyen Thanh , Nhung Nguyen Thi Ai , Bui Thanh Q. , Nguyen Minh Tho , Nhat Pham Vu
Published: May 2021

Gold clusters as prospective carriers and detectors of pramipexole.
Network of gold conjugates for enhanced sensitive immunochromatographic assays of troponins
Authors: Taranova Nadezhda A. , Slobodenuyk Vladislav D. , Zherdev Anatoly V. , Dzantiev Boris B.
Published: May 2021

A three-component system of functionalized nanoparticles has been used for signal enhancement in immunochromatographic assays of troponins via streptavidin–biotin interactions.
Correction: Gold nanoparticles grafted with chemically incompatible ligands
Authors: Wolska Joanna M. , Błażejewska Aleksandra , Tupikowska Martyna , Pociecha Damian , Górecka Ewa
Published: May 2021

Correction for ‘Gold nanoparticles grafted with chemically incompatible ligands’ by Joanna M. Wolska et al., RSC Adv., 2021, 11, 9568–9571, DOI: 10.1039/D1RA00547B.
Variation in Speech Intelligibility Ratings as a Function of Speech Rate Modification in Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Knowles Thea , Adams Scott G. , Jog Mandar
Published: May 2021

Purpose

The aim of this study was to quantify changes in speech intelligibility in two cohorts of people with Parkinson's disease (PD; those with and without deep brain stimulation [DBS]) across a broad range of self-selected speech rate alterations in (a) read sentences and (b) extemporaneous speech (monologues).

Method

Four speaker groups participated in this study: younger and older controls, people with PD undergoing standard pharmaceutical treatment, and people with PD and DBS. Naïve listeners rated the intelligibility of read sentences and extemporaneous monologues, spoken by participants at seven self-selected speech rates from very slow to very fast. Intelligibility was modeled as a function of group, speech rate condition, and speech task.

Results

Overall, compared to habitual speech rate, slower speech rate conditions were not associated with changes in speech intelligibility, whereas faster-than-habitual conditions were associated in declines in intelligibility. Results were mediated by group and task effects, such that talkers with PD and DBS were more likely to see intelligibility benefits at slower self-selected speech rates and less likely to see detriments at faster rates, and these differences were amplified in monologues compared to sentences.

Conclusion

Findings suggest differences in the ways in which slower and faster speech rate adjustments impact speech intelligibility in people with PD with and without DBS, with the latter demonstrating greater magnitudes of change.
Evaluation of the cost-effectiveness of grid-connected photovoltaic solar energy in wineries
Authors: Perdigones Alicia , García Isaac , Porras-Prieto Carlos Javier , Gómez-Villarino María Teresa , Baptista Fátima , García José Luis
Published: May 2021

The objective of this study was to analyze the cost-effectiveness of photovoltaic (PV) solar energy in wineries. The factors analysed were solar radiation, cost of PV installation, prices in the public electricity grid, size of the winery, power of installed panels, influence of the decreased consumption during weekends, and seasonality in the consumption. The study has been based on the European TESLA project, in which 39 energy audits were carried out in wineries in four European countries. A winery of 30,000 hL/year was characterized as a representative winery. The results showed that seasonality was key in the profitability of the system for self-consumption, related to the optimum power to be installed of PV. It was recommended to install, as an optimal PV power, the stable electrical power that is demanded in the daytime period. Optimizing the installed power of PV panels in the representative winery, the percentage of electrical energy consumption covered by photovoltaic energy varied between 16% and 22%. The percentage of the cost of electric energy covered varied between 18% and 24%, with payback values between 18 years (3.1 peak sun hours of solar radiation -PSH) and 10 years (5.6 peak sun hours of solar radiation - PSH). All the factors involved were analyzed.
Manifestation features of the productivity potential ofSalvia officinalisL. in the conditions of the Crimea foothills
Authors: Nevkrytaya Natalia , Novikov Ilja , Soboleva Elena , Kashirina Natalia , Radchenko Ludmila
Published: May 2021

The research objective is to identify the manifestation features of the productivity potential ofSalvia officinalisL. in the conditions of the Crimea Foothills. The study was carried out in 2017-2019 on the Kubanets variety (selection of All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants) and the population of the Institute of Essential Oil and Medicinal Plants (IELR) in the scientific crop rotation of the Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea (Belogorsky district). The analysis of samples for a complex of features was performed according to the method, including statistical data processing. The yield of the green mass of the Kubanets variety and the IELR population was, on average, 24.2±1.6 and 26.5±2.1 t/ha, the crop of essential oil was 29.5±3.7 and 34.2±4.2 kg/ha, respectively. In the conditions of extreme drought and high temperature conditions in 2018, the advantage of the IELR population in terms of raw materials content and essential oil collection was revealed, which indicates that it is more adapted to the conditions of the region. When air-dry raw material without stems stored for up to 12 months, the content of essential oil does not decrease and is 1.00-1.10% in the Kubanets variety and 1.05-1.15% in the IELR population. The component composition of the essential oil samples meets the requirements of ISO 9909:1997.
Selection of the source material for the creation of black currant varieties with complex resistance to diseases and pests
Authors: Bakhotskaya Annastasiya , Knyazev Sergey
Published: May 2021

The requirements of new intensive technologies for newly created varieties of berry crops are increasing every year. Therefore, there is a need to involve new donors and sources of economically valuable traits in the breeding process. The successful implementation of the breeding program is largely determined by the correct selection of parental forms, and for the successful solution of this task, constant screening of both newly created material and existing material is necessary. Over the years of research, work has been done to obtain, study and isolate the most promising genotypes of black currant for use in breeding for resistance to biotic factors. The article presents the results of the evaluation of potential black currant donors of the VNIISPK selection. As a result of the study, donors were identified not only with complex resistance to biotic factors, but also donors with high productivity.
Comparative morphological and anatomical study of Primula macrocalix Bge. and Primula sibthorpii Hoffm. leaves growing in Dagestan
Authors: Cheryatova Yulya , Arnautova Galina
Published: May 2021

The article presents the results of morphological and anatomical leaves study of wild species Primula macrocalix Bge. and Primula sibthorpii Hoffm. promising for horticulture growing in Dagestan. Anatomic and diagnostic traits of plant leaves, allowing their interspecies identification in the virginile period were revealed. It was found that the upper epiderm cells of P. sibthorpii were distinguished by larger sizes compared to the epidermal cells of P. macrocalix. According to the obtained data, P. macrocalix and P. sibthorpii leaves are amphistomatal, stomatal apparatus is anomocytic. In early spring flowering P. sibthorpii, the number of stomata was almost 2 times that of the mid-spring P. macrocalix. The number of stomata on P. sibthorpii leaves was almost 2 times that of P. macrocalix. The stomatal index of P. macrocalix upper epiderm leaf amounted to10.5± 2.6% and the lower epiderm was 2 times higher - 22.4%. The stomatal index of P. sibthorpii upper epiderm leaf amounted to16.7± 4.2% and the lower epiderm was 26.8± 7.2%. The index characteristic of primula species leaves showed an average variation coefficient, which is an indicator of their stomatographic traits' stability. The data obtained allow to reliably assess the authenticity of the primula species in question and can serve as a basis when compiling anatomical atlases of wild plants, as well as creating keys for determining the taxonomic species affiliation according to anatomical features.
Genetic control of the number of grains on corn cob
Authors: Zaitsev S.A. , Volkov D.P. , Guseva S.A. , Babushkin D.D.
Published: May 2021

The evaluation of the combinational ability of maize I-lines was carried out on the basis of “the number of grains on the cob”. This parameter is one of the significant components of the structure of plant productivity and harvest and is directly dependent on the number of grain rows and the number of grains in a cob row. The quantitative manifestation of this trait is significantly influenced by environmental conditions. A negative correlation of the studied trait with the seed size was revealed. Growing conditions strongly affect the value of the studied trait. The source material for breeding works with low and high indicators of combinational ability in terms of the number of grains on the cob is determined. Overdomination has a predominant effect in the manifestation of the number of grains on the cob. The values of the H1 dominance component are significant and notably higher than the values of the D component, which characterizes the variability caused by the additive action of genes. The values of the H2/4H1 component indicate an uneven distribution among the parental lines of alleles with positive and negative effects. The number of genes or gene groups that control the number of grains on the cob varies from 2 to 3. In 2016–2018, the paratypical variance component (E) had a significant influence on the formation of the number of grains.
Morpho-physiological parameters of wheat cultivar for cultivation on aluminum-acid soils
Authors: Volkova Lyudmila , Amunova Oksana , Lisitsyn Eugene
Published: May 2021

One way to combine the requirement of organic farming and the requirement to increase grain production is to create genotypes with resistance to abiotic stressors. The aim of the work is to adjust the parameters of the existing model of spring wheat cultivar for cultivation on natural aluminum-acid soil. The stress conditions of the aluminum-acid soil led to decrease in the yield of 19 wheat cultivars by an average of 72.5% compared to neutral soil. The yield level was statistically significantly correlated with such elements of the yield structure as the 1000-grain mass (r = 0.76), the mass of grains per main spike (r = 0.92), and per plant (r = 0.88). Resistant cultivars reduced the content of chlorophylls in leaves by 29–43%, sensitive ones - by almost three times. The content of carotenoids in sensitive cultivars decreased by 58%; in resistant cultivars the content of carotenoids was within control, or slightly decreased. Under conditions of aluminum-acid soil, a close relationship (r = 0.62) was revealed between the wheat yield and the proportion of chlorophyll in the light-harvesting complexes of flag leaf chloroplasts. The corrected target morpho-physiological indices of plants of spring soft wheat are given, which are most optimal when growing on aluminum-acid sod-podzolic soils
Promising garden plum varieties of Krymsk EBS, VIR Branch breeding for prunes production
Authors: Eremin Gennady , Tikhonova Anna , Gorelikova Olga
Published: May 2021

In the garden plum assortment of Russia, until recently there was an almost complete absence of varieties with fruits suitable for making high-quality prunes, which prevented expansion of the production of this valuable product. This necessitated the selection of garden plum varieties suitable for prunes production in a number of scientific institutions of the country, including the Krymsk EBS, VIR Branch. As a result of the works carried out at the station, the following results were obtained: In the gene pool of garden plum, Yubileynaya Sochinskaya and Blufry varieties were allocated. They combine high qualities of fruits for preparing prunes with good adaptability to the climatic conditions of South Russia, which have been used as selectionally valuable traits sources in programs of new dry fruit varieties’ creation. High-tech dry-fruit plum varieties combining adaptability with productivity and high prunes quality were selected; 8 of them are included in the State Register of the Russian Federation. For different cultivation technologies of new plum varieties, zoned clone rootstocks bred on Krymsk EBS, VIR Branch are recommended: medium-grown drought-resistant with good trees’ root system anchoring (for mechanized fruit harvesting) - Zarevo, Evrika 99, Druzhba; small-grown - VVA 1, VSV 1, Best.
Role of enzyme activity in increasing soybean plants’ resistance to herbicides
Authors: Sinegovskaya Valentina , Dushko Oksana
Published: May 2021

The article presents the study results of specific activity and multiple forms of peroxidase and catalase as antioxidant enzymes in leaves and seeds of Garmoniya soybean variety in oxidative stress conditions caused by herbicides. It has been found that herbicides not only destroy weeds, but also have an effect on cultivated plants. Significantly low specific peroxidase activity in soybean leaves was identified in crops treated with Pulsar herbicide. High specific peroxidase activity and increased number of multiple forms (14) in soybean leaves was caused by Pivot herbicide exceeding control by almost three times, which was confirmed by a slowdown in growth and development of soybean plants by reducing the intensity of growth processes and, accordingly, increasing their resistance to withstanding adverse conditions caused by exposure to chemical substances - herbicides. Analysis of specific activity and multiple forms of catalase in soybean seeds of the 2018 and 2019 harvest showed differences in enzyme activity and number of forms depending on the herbicides used. Changes in enzymes’ activity and the number of their forms indicate a change in metabolic processes occurring when using herbicides depending on their chemical nature, which provides plant resistance to stress.
Optimization of the technology of clonal micro-propagation of cherry varieties and clonal rootstocks at the initial stages of in vitro cultivation
Authors: Ostrikova O.V. , Fedotova I.E. , Kharkhardina E.L. , Shakhov V.V.
Published: May 2021

The article presents the results of studying some components of the in vitro technology of clonal rootstocks and common cherry varieties, which allow to increase the efficiency of its application to the tested cherry varieties and clonal rootstocks. Differences in the viability and intensity of the development of clonal cherry rootstocks and varieties explants depending on the timing of their introduction into the crop, the characteristics of genotypes and the composition of nutrient media were established. The influence of nutrient medium composition, content and ratio of growth regulators and genotype in it on the multiplication coefficient of cherry varieties and clonal rootstocks was revealed. The optimal calendar dates for the introduction of cherry varieties and clonal rootstocks explants into the crop in vitro for the autumn-winter-spring period are established. The optimal composition of the culture medium for the initial stages of clonal micropropagation is established. The reproductive potential of some clonal rootstocks and cherry varieties in crop in vitro was revealed.
Soil-protective technologies as an important component of agricultural biologization in the conditions of the Central Polissia of Ukraine
Authors: Kravchuk N.N. , Kropyvnytskyi R. B. , Zhuravel S. V. , Klymenko T. V. , Trembitska O.I.
Published: May 2021

In article the comparison of traditional moldboard tillage and soil-protective efficiency of agrotechnologies is given in light gray forest soil. For more objective assessment indicators of soil fertility were defined in sowing of grain and a row crops. It is established that long (27 years) use of technologies which are based on moldboardless tillage in a crop rotation even on options without fertilization provided increase in maintenance of the general humus (mainly at the expense of fraction of the detritus), improvement of some agrophysical and water–physical indicators. Thus, the coefficient of structure degree increased by 16.4%, the water resistance of units increased by 7.8-8.1%, soil hardness decreased by 9.1-9.4 kg/cm2, but soil density did not change significantly. The reserve of productive moisture in a layer of 0-30 cm at the time of crops of a winter wheat was 7.0 mm higher, and before harvesting – by 4.4 mm in comparison to an indicator on plowing. Before planting of potatoes the increase made 6.1 mm, and before harvesting – 3.4 mm in comparison to control. The productivity of cultures did not concede observations at moldboardless tillage to plowing in recent years. However, the air-dry mass of weeds increased significantly in crops of wheat (by 20.9%), and potatoes (by 26.4%).
Ecological and biological features of the development of introduced species of the genus Abies Mill
Authors: Masalova Lubov , Emelyanova Olga , Tsoy Mikhail , Pavlenkova Galina , Firsov Andrey
Published: May 2021

Against the background of man-made impact on the environment, the role of landscape architecture increases. Green plantings reduce the impact of adverse factors. A special role is given to coniferous plants that perform environmental-improving functions all year round. The collection of the VNIISPK arboretum includes more than 310 species, forms and varieties of woody plants representing 31 families. The most numerous family of Pinaceae includes 5 genera, one of which is the genus Abies Mill. The purpose of the study is a comprehensive assessment of ecological and biological features of the genus Abies of different origin to justify the success of the introduction in conditions of the Central Chernozem region of Russia. All the studied species have high winter hardiness in the conditions of the central part of Russia.A. balsamea, A. concolor, A. fraseri, A. lasiocarpa, and A. sibirica were resistant to infectious diseases. A. alba, A. concolor, A. fraseri, A. nephrolepis, A. sachalinensis and A. veitchii showed resistance to pests. According to the results of comprehensive assessment of the ecological and biological features of 9 introduced species of the genus Abies, three highly decorative genotypes of North American origin, resistant to a complex of adverse environmental factors, were identified: A. balsamea, A. concolor, and A. fraseri.
Discussion of some taxonomy issues of species of the genus Iris L. based on biomorphological and karyological characteristics
Authors: Aukhadieva Elvira , Kalashnik Nadezhda , Ishbirdin Airat
Published: May 2021

A comparative analysis of ten taxa of the genus Iris was carried out based on biomorphological and karyological characteristics. The assessment of morphological variability structure allowed to identify taxonomic indicators common to the analyzed species and characterized by relatively low common and consistent variability: length and width of the outer perianth lobes, length and width of the inner perianth lobes, length of the stamen filament, anther and pistil, width of the fruit, as well as length and width of the seed. Based on the constructed phylogenetic relationships based on the identified taxonomic features, the studied species were grouped into conditional groups: 1. I. carthaliniae, I. halophila, I. spuria; 2. I. lactea; 3. I. pseudacorus, I. setosa; 4. I. sibirica, I. sanguinea; 5. I. graminea; 6. I. pumila, which is also consistent with chromosome numbers found by us in somatic tissue.
Population of tetranychidae mites on apple trees and methods of restraining the number of resistant races in crimea
Authors: Balykina E.B. , Rybareva T.S. , Yagodinskaya L.P.
Published: May 2021

Analysis of apple tree phytosanitary state showed that the species composition of phytophage mites is labile and is subject to a constant shift of the share ratio. In 2012-2013, the apple orchards of Crimea were dominated by Amphytetranychus viennensis Zacher. Its share in the acarocomplex was 80%. Since 2014, the ratio has changed towards prevalence of Panonychus ulmi Koch. - 50%. With this, share of A. viennensis decreased to 25.0%. In some years there was mass reproduction of Tetranychus turkestani Ug et Nik and Tetranychus urticae Koch. The number of phytophage mites during the growing season depends on a number of factors: settlement to new areas, interspecies competition, reduction of feed base, occurrence of fungal diseases epidemics, increase in the number of natural enemies. The dependence of the phytophage mites population density on the numerical value of hydrothermal moisture index (HMI) was established: the higher the average daily air temperature in the absence of precipitation, the higher the population on the leaf apparatus. Appearance of resistant P. ulmi races to five acaricides belonging to different chemical classes was established with the following active substances: spirodiclofen, fenpyroximate, pyridaben, fenazaquin, tebufenpyrad. A. viennensisshowed the appearance of acaricide-resistant races with active substances pyridaben and tebufenpyrad. In connection with the decrease in acaricide effectiveness against spider mites in the industrial apple tree plantations of Crimea, an anti-resistant protection strategy has been developed using predatory Phytoseiidae mites - Phytoseiulus persimilis Ath. - H, Neoseiulus californicus McGregor, Amblyseius andersoni Chant.
Some features of gastric lymph glands in female and male cats of the British breed
Authors: Korableva M. S. , Tkachenko L.V. , Maltseva O.E. , Kochetygova N.B. , Burtseva S.V.
Published: May 2021

The lymphatic system is directly involved in the gastric diseases development in animals. Pathologies of the gastrointestinal tract are in one of the first places for female cats. The purpose of the research: to study the features of topography and morphometry of gastric lymph glands in female cats 3-6 years of age. Objects of research were stomachs and gastric lymph glands from British breed female cats: 10 - aged 3-5 years, 10 - aged 3-6 years. The gastric lymph gland (right and/or left) was recorded in 80% of the animals studied. The shape was oblong, oval, and round. Dimensions: right 10,3±7,7 mm, left 8,4±6,8 mm. Features: absent in 20% of the studied male cats, can be horseshoe-shaped, spindle-shaped, can be double and lobular. The right lymph gland is slightly larger than the left. The duodenal lymph gland was recorded in 20% of animals. The shape was round. Dimensions: 12±12 mm. Features: found only in female cats, having round shape and large size. The splenic lymph gland was noted in 30% of animals. Shape: oblong and round. Dimensions: 14,7±14,7 mm. Features: registered only in male cats, has elongated shape, the largest in the group of gastric lymph glands.
Condition and factors of development of the stock-raising industry in Uzbekistan
Authors: Ashurmetova N.A.
Published: May 2021

This article analyzes the current state of the stock-raising industry in Uzbekistan and highlights the problems in this area. The study revealed that the livestock sector is quite developed in the republic, it accounts for 50.5% of agricultural products produced in the country. The main feature of the sector is that most of the livestock products are produced in small family (dekhkan) farms, which is of great social importance, since it is an important source of income and consumption for a significant number of families. However, the small size of the overwhelming majority of livestock farms determines limited opportunities for the effective development of the industry.
Influence of genetic and paratypical factors on lamb’s resistance
Authors: Kazanchev S. Ch. , Unazhokov A.M. , Getokov O.O. , Abdulkhalikov R.Z. , Tleinsheva M.G.
Published: May 2021

The article studies the influence of the frequency and time of consumption of colostrum on the immunobiological reactivity of lambs obtained from mothers of the same age, selected according to the principle of analogues. It has been established that first lambers (9–16 months) with intensive rearing and abundant feeding have an average level of resistance of the organism and its indicators are characterized by stability. The offspring obtained from these first lambers (experimental group) in terms of the level of immune parameters are not inferior to their peers obtained from the ewes of the control group. Lambs from first lambers in terms of lysozyme activity of blood serum, immunoglobulin content are superior to their peers from older ewes (the difference is not statistically significant, P> 0.05). At the same time, young animals regardless of the age of their mothers have the same vitality. The lambs' mortality from birth to wean in the experimental and control groups was approximately the same - 7.2 and 8.0%, respectively.
The effect of bentonite feeding for young cattle on the exchange of nitrogen, mineral elements and the digestibility of diet nutrients
Authors: Dzagurov B.A. , Eremenko V.I. , Karlov A.G. , Payukhina M.A. , Suvorova V.N.
Published: May 2021

The completeness of animal nutrition rations in terms of the content of minerals is considered one of the conditions for balanced feeding, since their lack in the diet often leads to metabolic process disorder among animals, which reduces growth and development, productivity, disturbs reproductive ability, and develops endemic diseases. Currently, for the partial compensation of trace mineral deficiency in the diets of use mineral substances of natural origin. One of such sources is bentonite clay of the Zamankul deposit. Taking into account the significant increase of the economically useful traits among young cattle identified in our studies when feeding with bentonite, substantiated by physiological studies, we performed research to study the exchange of nitrogen, mineral elements and the digestibility of nutrients in the body of 9 - 18-month-old cattle of the Simmental breed for fattening at the farm “Kaloev”, stanitsa Zmeyskaya, North Ossetia-Alania. Studies have established the digestibility of nutrient increase in the feed ration from 1.8 to 3.5%, a significantly greater retention of nitrogenous substances in the body of animals fed with bentonite - by 8.2%, a significant improvement of mineral element use in the feed.
Project development of a “smart” premise system for pig keeping
Authors: Kostarev Sergey , Kochetova Oksana , Ivanova Anna , Sereda Tatyana
Published: May 2021

The economic efficiency of intensive animal husbandry on an industrial basis depends on the rational animal keeping, which is largely determined by the availability of optimal microclimate in the premises. Whatever breed and pedigree qualities animals possess, they are unable to maintain health and display their potential hereditary productive abilities without creating the necessary microclimate conditions. In the period of 2018-2020, a survey of 11 farms in Perm Krai was carried out, where respiratory, digestive, skin diseases were found, in some cases stress was observed in animals. The cost of heating livestock premises is generally much lower than losses from murrain, reduced productivity, and feed overruns. Physical properties of the air environment are unstable factors and are subject to large fluctuations. To optimize the microclimate in livestock premises, an algorithm program for computers was developed, which will allow to create a system that provides optimal conditions for keeping and maintenance of animals and improve life safety on livestock farms. In this regard, to improve the conditions of calves and cows’ keeping, a project for managing microclimate parameters on farms in the conditions of Perm Krai has been developed. Microclimate management system was developed on the basis of: the Order of the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation dated October 21, 2000 No. 621 “On approval of Veterinary rules for the maintenance of pigs for the purpose of their reproduction, cultivation and sales.” Monitoring is based on automated analysis and regulation of microclimate parameters' indicators. The software and hardware implementation were done on Omron PLC.
On the effectiveness of preventive services
Authors: Momot Nadezhda , Kolina Yuliya , Trebukhov Aleksey , Kamliya Igor , Trebukhov Andrey
Published: May 2021

This article presents quantitative measures of the spread of epizootic foci of African swine fever (ASF) for 2020 in the Primorye Territory. Veterinarians of Primorye have undertaken a range of preventive services to eliminate the foci of the disease and prevent the spread of ASF. They include timely removal of sick animals from private subsidiary farmings. These measures resulted in the elimination of all epizootic foci in the territory of the region. The Veterinary service of the region continues preventive efforts towards prevention of new outbreaks.
Carbohydrat-fat metabolism disorder in cows and calves
Authors: Trebukhov Aleksey , Momot Nadezhda , Kolina Yuliya , Trebukhov Andrey , Kamliya Igor
Published: May 2021

Inconsistencies in feeding level of dairy cattle to their feed needs leads to various metabolic diseases, including ketosis. The purpose of our work is to study changes in the metabolism of both sexually mature representatives of dairy cattle and young animals obtained from them. The article states the following causal factors of ketosis occurrence in cows: excessive amount of fat substances, imbalance of various chemical elements in feeding diet. The pathology of carbohydrate-fat metabolism during ketosis in cows was characterized by a significant change in blood biochemical parameters, namely, an increase in triglycerides (up to 0.7 ± 0.07 mmol/l), cholesterol (up to 2.7 ± 0.15 mmol/l), non-esterified fatty acids (up to 1.93 ± 0.19 mmol/l), KET (up to 2.4 ± 0.18 mmol/l), low glucose concentration (up to 1.07 ± 0.12 mmol/l) and alkaline reserve (up to 17.8 ± 1.5 mmol/l). Low level of triglycerides, cholesterol, and alkaline reserve, as well as high values of non-esterified fatty acids, KET, and glucose characterize the exchange in calves from cows with ketosis relative to calves born by cows without metabolic pathology.
Toxic action of substances from male fern Dryopteris filix-mas (L.) Schott (1834) on free-living soil nematode Caenorhabditis elegans Maupas (1900)
Authors: Egorova Anastasia , Gatiyatullina Alsu , Terenzhev Dmitriy , Belov Timur , Kalinnikova Tatiana
Published: May 2021

The study of biological activity of extracts from roots and rhizomes of male fern Dryopteris filix-mas was carried out in experiments with soil nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. The toxicity of extracts of D. filix-mas roots and rhizomes obtained by different methods varied over a wide range. Crude extract of male fern roots and rhizomes in concentration range 62.5–250 µg/ml had a weak toxic action on C. elegans organism by inducing death of 26.0–43.3% nematodes. The toxicity of relatively high concentrations (500 and 250 µg/ml) of water-ethanolic extracts might be compared with such of crude extract in concentrations 62.5–250 µg/ml. Biological activity of filicinic acids ethers was found very high: concentrations of crude extract of D. filix-mas roots and rhizomes and concentrations of filicinic acids ethers with similar toxicity for C. elegans organism were 40-fold different. Substances isolated from D. filix-mas roots and rhizomes have nematicidal activity and may be used for development of drugs to treat helminthiasis of humans and animals.
Treatment of purulo-necrotic pathology complicated by associated bacterial microflora in the hoof area in cows
Authors: Dashko D.V.
Published: May 2021

The article is devoted to the problem of purulo-necrotic lesions of the distal extremities, including necrobacteriosis, the study of the role of concomitant bacterial microflora in the occurrence of the disease, as well as the development of new, more effective products safe for animals and product quality. The therapeutic efficacy of the drug Ceftiofur-VS was studied as a result of its use in purulo-necrotic pathologies in the hoof area in cattle. Studies on the comparative therapeutic effectiveness of the drug Ceftiofur-VS in necrobacteriosis in cattle, complicated by associations of microorganisms, were conducted in 2019-2020 in the farms of the Irkutsk region. The objects of the study were 74 cows with purulo-necrotic hoof lesions, with a laboratory-confirmed diagnosis of necrobacteriosis, which were divided into two groups: experimental (50 heads) and control (24 heads). It was found that when using the drug Ceftiofur-VS, a positive therapeutic effect occurred in 46 cows and amounted to 92 %. In the animals of the experimental group, signs of healing were noted already on the 4th day after the start of treatment: the inflammatory reaction (edema and hyperemia) and the affected area significantly decreased, fully cleared from the purulo-necrotic substrate. On the 5th day, young granulations appeared, on the 7th-8th day, signs of purulent inflammation were significantly leveled, exudation from wounds stopped, and marginal epidermization was noted. The average area of the wound was on average about 40% of the original one. The recovery time of animals with necrobacteriosis complicated by associations of microorganisms was, on average, 11-12 days.
Comparative characteristics of myohistogenesis of musculoskeletal tissue in hens and quails
Authors: Shakirova G.R. , Borkhunova E.N. , Kondratov G.V. , Stepanishin V.V.
Published: May 2021

A comprehensive comparative microscopic and morphometric study of the superficial pectoral (SPM) and quadriceps femoral (QFM) muscles in hens and quails in the early stages after hatching was performed. In the muscles, diameter of the muscle fiber, area of the muscle tissue, representation of the muscle and connective tissue components were determined. A set of general regularities and specific features of postembryonic myogenesis of the studied structures in hens and quails has been established. The peculiarities of SPM and QFM ultrastructure in quails of the Manchzhurskaya zolotistaya (Manchurian gold) breed were revealed. Representatives of both studied groups of birds are characterized by an increase in the muscle tissue area, the diameter of muscle fibers and their bundles. The difference is a more significant development of the quadriceps femoris in hens, and the superficial pectoral muscle in quails. It was found that quails, unlike hens, had thickening of the endomysium and perimysium in both muscles.
Post-traumatic rehabilitation of dogs after limb fractures with correction of vitamin and mineral metabolism
Authors: Shamsutdinova N.V. , Shalamova G.G. , Smelkova E.V. , Papaev R.M. , Kasanova N.R.
Published: May 2021

The parameters of the level of calcium, phosphorus and vitamin D3 in the blood of injured dogs aged 6 to 8 months were studied. In all animals with limb fractures, the levels of Ca, P, and vitamin D3 are reduced, which led to bone fragility. We used a conservative method of treatment with the application of a plaster cast and medical treatment aimed at relieving inflammation, pain and formation of a callus. After removing the plaster cast, all the animals had joint stiffness, soreness, and partial muscle hypotrophy. A rehabilitation program was developed, which included: physical exercises, massage. This led to a rapid recovery of limb muscles and an increase in the volume of movements.
Sustainable development management of industrial fruit growing
Authors: Egorov Evgeniy , Shadrina Zhanna , Kochyan Gayane , Kudryakov Vladimir
Published: May 2021

Methodical approaches to the organization and management of reproduction processes stability were presented. A specific conceptual apparatus has been developed; it reflects the functional load of a number of concepts and, first of all, fundamental ones, such as system-wide and functional stability, management development of industry production and the sustainability of reproduction processes. The characteristic of the current problems that constrain the sustainable development of industrial fruit growing was given: negative influence of macroeconomic factors, insufficiently effective regulation of fruit and berry products market, lack of considered and systematically realizable varietal, technological and phytosanitary policy, unlimited use when laying plantations of imported varietal planting material and oculants, continuing significant changes in climatic conditions. The main disproportions and imbalances in the reproduction processes organization were established. The dimensionality of resources required for sustainable development was calculated. The main regulators of sustainable development management, methods of bringing the system into a stability state and reproduction efficiency were presented.
Prospects of using cordon-free bush technology in the commercial production of Black Satin variety blackberry
Authors: Podorozhny Vladimir
Published: May 2021

As a result of the work, the commercial plantations’ design elements of prostrate and semi-prostrate forms of garden blackberry (Eubatus Focke) were optimized. When constructing the agrocenosis of semi-prostrate blackberry forms according to the cordon-free bush technology, it is proposed to place the planting material in a single-line planting with a distance of at least one meter between plants on one meter wide rows covered with black polymer film with a tube laid under it for drip irrigation and fertigation. The growing annual shoots are recommended to be shortened to a height of 80-90 cm, and the newly formed shoots of the second and subsequent orders - pinched at 30-40 cm height. As a result of these operations, fruit buds are laid on shortened shoots for the next year, which does not require their fastening to the cordon. According to the field experiments in the cordon-free bush Black Satin variety plantings, the output of commercial products for the research years increased more than twice as that from a unit of area at the support-cordon placement.
Innovative functional products development as an element for the Russian Federation population health preservation
Authors: Zavorokhina Natalia , Minnihanova Ekaterina , Feofilaktova Olga , Chugunova Olga
Published: May 2021

The agricultural development priorities and the agro-industrial complex for the Russian Federation Food Security Doctrine implementation are considered. It was determined that, among other things, the development of new specialized and functional food products was included in the list of priority areas of fundamental scientific research for 2021-2030. It has been shown that the population of the Russian Federation with low-calorie food products, which are based on domestic agricultural raw materials, meets the interests of the state as a whole: about 12% of the total health care budget in the world is spent on solving the problem of diabetes mellitus, in the Russian Federation - 569 billion rubles a year. The main trends in the development of innovative functional products presented by various researchers are systematized. The authors consider innovative functional products on the example of low-calorie meals from the public health viewpoint. The prospects for the use of sweeteners for the development of low-calorie sweet dishes for the diabetes prevention are assessed. Experimental data on the selection of the optimal combination of sweeteners are presented. Optimal characteristics are possessed by a mixture of aspartame-sodium saccharinate-sucralose in a ratio of 3: 2: 1, which has a synergistic effect of 12%. A complex supplement is proposed, including a mixture of Dolceta sweeteners and apple pectin. Low-calorie mass-market meals have been developed.