bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A polyimide complex system decorated with ZnO nanorods with multiple antibacterial effects
Authors: Zhao Yuzhen , Zhu Min , Zhao Yang , Zhang Huimin , Zhang Yongming , Miao Zongcheng
Published: March 2022

Cross-sectional SEM images of nano-ZnO particles coated with epoxy resin glue: (a) PI-0, (b) PI-1, (c) PI-2, and (d) PI-3.
Facile preparation of a polypyrrole modified Chinese yam peel-based adsorbent: characterization, performance, and application in removal of Congo red dye
Authors: Wang Yan , Chen Rongyao , Dai Zijing , Yu Qingcai , Miao Yongmei , Xu Ronghua
Published: March 2022

In this study, Chinese yam peel (CYP) was modified with polypyrrole via an in situ polymerization method to remove Congo red from aqueous media.
3D-printed capillary force trap reactors (CFTRs) for multiphase catalytic flow chemistry
Authors: Ng Stella S. Y. , Walker David M. , Hawkins Joel M. , Khan Saif A.
Published: March 2022

Figure of 3D illustration of a capillary trap force reactor (CFTR) with transiently trapped liquid nanoparticle catalysts in dimple-shaped capillary traps in the presence of a gas–liquid segmented flow, for the hydrogenation of 1-hexene to n-hexane.
High yield and isolation of 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid from HMF and sugars in ionic liquids, a new prospective for the establishment of a scalable and efficient catalytic route
Authors: Al Ghatta Amir , Hallett Jason P.
Published: March 2022

The production of FDCA from sugars has encounter many drawbacks due to the difficulties in isolating HMF and its subsequent oxidation into FDCA. This study reports an efficient way to produce the biobased monomer at high yield using ionic liquids.
An image auxiliary method for laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy analysis of coal particle flow
Authors: Chen Yixiang , Dong Meirong , Cai Junbin , Chen Hongjie , Shang Zihan , Lu Jidong
Published: March 2022

An image information-assisted spectral screening method was proposed for improving the coal particle flow detection performance via LIBS and its positive effects on spectral stability and quantitative analysis were verified.
Effectively raising the rate performance and cyclability of a graphite anode via hydrothermal modification with melamine and its electrochemical derivatives
Authors: Zhao Zong-Xiao , Zhu Hui-Ling , Liu Wei , Qi Yong-Xin , Li Tao , Bai Yu-Jun
Published: March 2022

The inferior rate performance and cyclability of a graphite anode could be effectively meliorated by hydrothermal modification with melamine.
Structure-based design and synthesis of copper(ii) complexes as antivirus drug candidates targeting SARS CoV-2 and HIV
Authors: Kumar Sunil , Choudhary Mukesh
Published: March 2022

This paper describes the structure-based design and synthesis of two novel square-planar trans-N2O2 Cu(ii) complexes [Cu(L1)2] (1) and [Cu(L2)2] (2) of 2-((Z)-(4-methoxyphenylimino)methyl)-4,6-dichlorophenol (L1H) and 2-((Z)-(2,4-dibromophenylimino)methyl)-4-bromophenol (L2H) as potential inhibitors against the main protease of the SARS-CoV-2 and HIV viruses.
Development of a selective ligand for G–G mismatches of CGG repeat RNA inducing the RNA structural conversion from the G-quadruplex into a hairpin-like structure
Authors: Murase Hirotaka , Nagatsugi Fumi , Sasaki Shigeki
Published: March 2022

A small-molecular G-clamp ligand that converts the G-quadruplex of CGG repeats to a hairpin form has been developed.
Phosphine addition to dehydroalanine for peptide modification
Authors: Liu Minglong , Sovrovic Miha , Suga Hiroaki , Jongkees Seino A. K.
Published: March 2022

Thiols are commonly exploited as nucleophiles in biomolecules, but phosphines less so. In this work we show that conjugate addition of phosphines into dehydroalanine is a practical approach to peptide modification to form a phosphonium ion product.
α-Fluoroamine synthesis via P(iii)-mediated deoxygenative geminal fluorosulfonimidation of 1,2-diketones
Authors: Son Yeri , Hwang Sunjoo , Bak Sujin , Kim Ha Eun , Choi Jun-Ho , Chung Won-jin
Published: March 2022

The synthesis of α-fluoroamines was achieved via deoxygenative geminal fluorosulfonimidation of 1,2-diketones using a dealkylation-resistant phosphoramidite under mild conditions that require neither excess reagents nor transition metal catalysts.
Transition metal- and oxidant-free [3 + 2] cyclization of azomethine imines utilizing vinylene carbonate as dual synthons
Authors: Li Wen , Zhang Mengqi , Yan Jin , Ni Linying , Cao Hua , Liu Xiang
Published: March 2022

A transition metal- and oxidant-free C–C/C–N annulation of azomethine imines with vinylene carbonate as dual synthons under simple reaction conditions is described herein.
Visible-light photoredox catalysis-enabled borocyclopropanation of alkenes
Authors: Luo Si-Si , Shen Hua , Li Shi-Jia , Cao Tian , Luo Yi-Peng , Zhang Shu , Zhou Taigang , Liu Xiang-Wei
Published: March 2022

A convenient method for the synthesis of cyclopropyl boronates via visible-light photoredox-catalyzed borocyclopropanation of alkenes has been established. This protocol is characterized by its wide substrate scope and mild reaction conditions.
An anthracenecarboximide-guanidine fluorescent probe for selective detection of glyoxals under weak acidic conditions
Authors: Chen Junwei , Lin Yuna , Xing Wanjin , Zhang Xingchen , Xu Huan , Wang Wei , Lou Kaiyan
Published: March 2022

Formation of 5-membered dihydroxyimidazolidines with increased deprotonation at around pH 6.0 and enhanced intramolecular charge transfer for turn-on fluorescence detection of glyoxals.
A NiFe/NiSe2 heterojunction bifunctional catalyst rich in oxygen vacancies introduced using dielectric barrier discharge plasma for liquid and flexible all-solid-state rechargeable Zn–air batteries
Authors: Hu Tingting , Jiang Zhongqing , Fu Zhuai , Jiang Zhong-Jie
Published: March 2022

The atmospheric pressure dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma is introduced to prepare a unique NiFe/NiSe2 heterostructure with abundant oxygen vacancies greatly promoting OER/ORR bifunctional electrocatalytic activity.
Effects of infill patterns on resistance-dependent strain and ammonia gas sensing behaviors of 3D-printed thermoplastic polyurethane modified with polypyrrole
Authors: Kim Yeon Jae , Choi Jong Seob , Yim Jin-Heong
Published: March 2022

The role of geometrically distinct infill patterns of 3D-printed TPU modified with PPy was investigated. The performance of strain sensors and ammonia gas sensors made of TPU-PPy can be predicted more specifically by designing the infill patterns.
Aspect-ratio controllable growth of rectangular cesium lead bromide crystallites on PTAA modified substrates
Authors: Guo Junhan , Tang Yang , Li Longtao , Jia Pengcheng , Song Bo , Liu Xin , Li Xiaomeng , Deng Zhenbo , Lou Zhidong , Hu Yufeng , Teng Feng , Qin Liang , Hou Yanbing
Published: March 2022

In this work, CsPbBr3 crystallites with different aspect ratios have been prepared on the PTAA modified glass substrates through combining the control of evaporation rate of anti-solvent with coffee ring effect and Marangoni effect.
Anti-counterfeiting applications by photochromism induced modulation of reversible upconversion luminescence in TiO2:Yb3+,Er3+ ceramic
Authors: Haider Asif Ali , Cun Yangke , Bai Xue , Xu Zan , Zi Yingzhu , Qiu Jianbei , Song Zhiguo , Huang Anjun , Yang Zhengwen
Published: March 2022

Reversible photochromism and reversible UCL modulation of TiO2:Yb3+,Er3+ ceramics were reported when alternating 405 nm LED and 808 nm laser irradiation. The photochromic TiO2:Yb3+,Er3+ ceramics are promising materials in the field of anti-counterfeiting.
Evaluating the Equivalence of Telepractice and Traditional Administration of the Test of Integrated Language and Literacy Skills
Authors: Nelson Nickola Wolf , Plante Elena
Published: March 2022

Purpose:

This study evaluated the equivalence of the Test of Integrated Language and Literacy Skills (TILLS) when administrated via telepractice (Tele-TILLS) and face-to-face methods.

Method:

Participants were 51 children and adolescents in three age bands, ages 6–7 years (
n
= 9), 8–11 years (
n
= 21), and 12–18 years (
n
= 21). Data were gathered by 25 volunteer examiners who assessed the same participants twice within a 2- to 4-week period, using Tele-TILLS and traditional methods in randomly selected, counterbalanced order.

Results:

Evaluation of identification equivalence showed 96% agreement between methods (49 of 51 decisions), with 39 agreements of
no
disorder, 10 agreements of
yes
disorder, and two disagreements (
yes
disorder for Tele-TILLS and
no
disorder for traditional). Partial correlations, controlled for test order, showed moderate to high agreement between all composite and subtest scores, except Nonword Repetition. Scoring by examiners and the first author showed high interrater agreement. No differences between Nonword Repetition scores were found for students who wore headsets (
n
= 12), whereas differences were found for those who did not (
n
= 34).

Conclusions:

This study provided preliminary evidence that Tele-TILLS results can be equivalent to traditional TILLS, supporting its validity for identifying language/literacy disorder and interpreting profiles. The small, highly homogeneous sample with well-educated parents limits generalizability to the broader population. Caution is warranted when testing 6- to 7-year-old students for whom Nonword Repetition is part of the Identification Core score. Suggestions are provided for optimizing technological setup, preparing facilitators, and making minor modifications in subtest administration.
Variations in the ΣSFR − Σmol − Σ⋆plane across galactic environments in PHANGS galaxies
Authors: Pessa I. , Schinnerer E. , Leroy A. K. , Koch E. W. , Rosolowsky E. , Williams T. G. , Pan H.-A. , Schruba A. , Usero A. , Belfiore F. , Bigiel F. , Blanc G. A. , Chevance M. , Dale D. , Emsellem E. , Gensior J. , Glover S. C. O. , Grasha K. , Groves B. , Klessen R. S. , Kreckel K. , Kruijssen J. M. D. , Liu D. , Meidt S. E. , Pety J. , Querejeta M. , Saito T. , Sanchez-Blazquez P. , Watkins E. J.
Published: March 2022

Aims.There exists some consensus that the stellar mass surface density (Σ⋆) and molecular gas mass surface density (Σmol) are the main quantities responsible for locally setting the star formation rate. This regulation is inferred from locally resolved scaling relations between these two quantities and the star formation rate surface density (ΣSFR), which have been extensively studied in a wide variety of works. However, the universality of these relations is debated. Here, we probe the interplay between these three quantities across different galactic environments at a spatial resolution of 150 pc.

Methods.We performed a hierarchical Bayesian linear regression to find the best set of parametersC⋆,Cmol, andCnormthat describe the star-forming plane conformed by Σ⋆, Σmol, and ΣSFR, such that logΣSFR = C⋆logΣ⋆ + CmollogΣmol + Cnorm. We also explored variations in the determined parameters across galactic environments, focusing our analysis on theC⋆andCmolslopes.

Results.We find signs of variations in the posterior distributions ofC⋆andCmolacross different galactic environments. The dependence of ΣSFRon Σ⋆spans a wide range of slopes, with negative and positive values, while the dependence of ΣSFRon Σmolis always positive. Bars show the most negative value ofC⋆(−0.41), which is a sign of longer depletion times, while spiral arms show the highestC⋆among all environments (0.45). Variations inCmolalso exist, although they are more subtle than those found forC⋆.

Conclusions.We conclude that systematic variations in the interplay of Σ⋆, Σmol, and ΣSFRacross different galactic environments exist at a spatial resolution of 150 pc, and we interpret these variations to be produced by an additional mechanism regulating the formation of stars that is not captured by either Σ⋆or Σmol. Studying environmental variations in single galaxies, we find that these variations correlate with changes in the star formation efficiency across environments, which could be linked to the dynamical state of the gas that prevents it from collapsing and forming stars, or to changes in the molecular gas fraction.
Kinetics study of bacterial cellulose production by Acetobacter xylinum FNCC 0001 with variation of carbon sources
Authors: Auliyya Avirasdya Rizqi , Nursiwi Asri , Mustika Sari Ardhea , Zukhrufuz Zaman Muhammad , Pitara Sanjaya Adhitya
Published: March 2022

Glucose and fructose (2.0% (w/v)) were used as the carbon sources and peptone was used as nitrogen source (1.5% (w/v)) in order to determine the kinetics study and yield of bacterial cellulose production. Coconut water was prepared as the fermentation medium. Data of the fermentation rate was observed at 19 points of certain time during 7 days of fermentation process. The number of cell biomass was calculated using cell dried weight method, total plate count method and optical density method which was observed at 660 nm. The remaining media substrate was analyzed using the DNS method, while the BC yield was determined by the gravimetric method. The results showed that the best values of μ, Td, Rx, Rs, Rp, Yp/s, Yp/x were achieved by fructose, while the best n and Yx/s value were achieved by glucose. The corresponding values were 0,1141/h, 6,0737 h, 0,1141 g/L/h, 0,0635 g/L/h, 0,3015 g/L/h, 0,317 g/g, 0,5927 g/g 1,3631 times and 0,0983 g/g respectively. The highest BC yield at the end of fermentation process was achieved by glucose carbon at 5.83 g/L, followed by fructose at 4.91 g/L.
Semi-supervised classification of lower-ionospheric perturbations using GNSS radio occultation observations from Spire Global’s Cubesat Constellation
Authors: Savastano Giorgio , Nordström Karl , Angling Matthew J.
Published: March 2022

This study presents a new methodology to automatically classify perturbations in the lower ionosphere using GNSS radio occultation (RO) observations collected using Spire’s constellation of CubeSats. This methodology combines signal processing techniques with semi-supervised machine learning by applying spectral clustering in a metric space of wavelet spectra. A “bottom-up” algorithm was applied to extract E layer information directly from Spire’s high-rate (50 Hz) GNSS-RO profiles by subtracting the effect of the F layers. This processing algorithm has been implemented in our ground segment to operationally produce high rate sTEC profiles with a vertical resolution of better than 100 m. The key idea behind the semi-supervised classification is to produce a database of labeled clusters that can be used to classify new unlabeled data by determining which cluster it belongs to. A dataset of more than 12,000 GNSS-RO profiles collected in 2019 containing sTEC perturbations is used to find the initial clusters. This dataset is used to represent the climatology of ionospheric perturbations, such as MSTIDs and sporadic Es. The wavelet power spectrum (WPS) is computed for these profiles, and a metric space is defined using the Earth mover’s distance (EMD) between the WPS. A self-tuning spectral clustering algorithm is used to cluster the profiles in this metric space. These clusters are used as a reference database of perturbations to classify new sTEC profiles by finding the cluster of the closest profile of the clustered dataset in the EMD metric space. This new methodology is used to construct an automated system to monitor ionospheric perturbations on a global scale.
Perceptions of behaviour efficacy, not perceptions of threat, are drivers of COVID-19 protective behaviour in Germany
Authors: Kojan Lilian , Burbach Laura , Ziefle Martina , Calero Valdez André
Published: March 2022

In the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, non-pharmaceutical protective measures taken by individuals remain pivotal. This study aims to explore what motivates individuals to engage in such measures. Based on existing empirical findings as well as prominent behavioural theories, a partial least squares structural equation model (PLS-SEM) of predictors for pandemic protective behaviour was estimated using a representative German sample (n = 437). The study was preregistered at OSF. The model explains 69% of the variance for behavioural intention, which is strongly correlated with behaviour (ρ = 0.84). The most influential predictor for protective behaviour is its perceived efficacy, followed by normative beliefs and perceptions about costs for protective behaviour. Distrusting beliefs in science and scientists negatively predicted response perceptions and were also strongly and negatively correlated with behaviour. Knowledge about COVID-19 was weakly linked with perceived response efficacy, as well as with behaviour. These findings suggest that communication strategies surrounding COVID-19 should emphasise the efficacy of responses and foster a sense of responsibility.
Two-step nucleation in confined geometry: Phase diagram of finite particles on a lattice gas model
Authors: Holder Jacob , Schmid Ralf , Nielaba Peter
Published: March 2022

We use a degenerated Ising model to describe nucleation and crystallization from solution in a confined two-component system. The free energy is calculated using metadynamics simulation with coordination numbers as the reaction coordinates. We deploy nudged elastic band simulation to determine the minimum energy path and give properties of the crystallization path. In this confined system, depletion effects, which could also be caused by slow material transport in the solution, prevent the post-critical cluster from further growth, and the crystalline state would only be stable at larger cluster sizes. Fluctuation of the higher coupling strength of the crystalline state enables further growth until the crystalline cluster is in equilibrium with the solvent, and this way, a second barrier is crossed. From the parameters and setup, we find necessary conditions for the occurrence of two-step nucleation in our system. These findings can be adapted to real systems as biomineralization, colloidal crystallization, and the solidification of metals.
Calibration of BAS-TR image plate response to GeV gold ions
Authors: Doria D. , Martin P. , Ahmed H. , Alejo A. , Cerchez M. , Ferguson S. , Fernandez-Tobias J. , Green J. S. , Gwynne D. , Hanton F. , Jarrett J. , Maclellan D. A. , McIlvenny A. , McKenna P. , Ruiz J. A. , Swantusch M. , Willi O. , Zhai S. , Borghesi M. , Kar S.
Published: March 2022

The response of the BAS-TR image plate (IP) was absolutely calibrated using a CR-39 track detector for high linear energy transfer Au ions up to ∼1.6 GeV (8.2 MeV/nucleon), accelerated by high-power lasers. The calibration was carried out by employing a high-resolution Thomson parabola spectrometer, which allowed resolving Au ions with closely spaced ionization states up to 58+. A response function was obtained by fitting the photo-stimulated luminescence per Au ion for different ion energies, which is broadly in agreement with that expected from ion stopping in the active layer of the IP. This calibration would allow quantifying the ion energy spectra for high energy Au ions, which is important for further investigation of the laser-based acceleration of heavy ion beams.
Tunable cryogenic terahertz cavity for strong light–matter coupling in complex materials
Authors: Jarc Giacomo , Mathengattil Shahla Yasmin , Giusti Francesca , Barnaba Maurizio , Singh Abhishek , Montanaro Angela , Glerean Filippo , Rigoni Enrico Maria , Zilio Simone Dal , Winnerl Stephan , Fausti Daniele
Published: March 2022

We report here the realization and commissioning of an experiment dedicated to the study of the optical properties of light–matter hybrids constituted of crystalline samples embedded in an optical cavity. The experimental assembly developed offers the unique opportunity to study the weak and strong coupling regimes between a tunable optical cavity in cryogenic environment and low energy degrees of freedom, such as phonons, magnons, or charge fluctuations. We describe here the setup developed that allows for the positioning of crystalline samples in an optical cavity of different quality factors, the tuning of the cavity length at cryogenic temperatures, and its optical characterization with a broadband time domain THz spectrometer (0.2–6 THz). We demonstrate the versatility of the setup by studying the vibrational strong coupling in CuGeO3 single crystal at cryogenic temperatures.
Improved device performance of vertical GaN-on-GaN nanorod Schottky barrier diodes with wet-etching process
Authors: Liao Yaqiang , Chen Tao , Wang Jia , Cai Wentao , Ando Yuto , Yang Xu , Watanabe Hirotaka , Tanaka Atsushi , Nitta Shugo , Honda Yoshio , Chen Kevin J. , Amano Hiroshi
Published: March 2022

In this work, a deliberate etching-based top-down approach is proposed to fabricate the GaN nanorod (NR) Schottky barrier diode (SBD). As a key step during the fabrication, the impact of the wet-etching process on device performance is systematically studied. By virtue of the reduced surface states at the sidewall, the performance of NR SBD with the wet-etching process is substantially improved, delivering a forward turn-on voltage of 0.65 V, a current density of ∼10 kA/cm2 at 3 V, an ideality factor of 1.03, an ON/OFF current ratio of ∼1010, and no severe current collapse, along with a reverse breakdown voltage of 772 V.
Quasi 2D perovskite single-mode vertical-cavity lasers through large-area film transfer
Authors: Chu Zihao , Guo Tong , Zhao Shiqi , Chen Huanqing , Li Yanping , Xu Wanjin , Ran Guangzhao
Published: March 2022

Quasi two-dimensional (2D) perovskites are a new class of laser gain medium; however, the thickness of the solution-processed perovskite layer is usually too thin to support an optical mode due to the low solubilities of precursors. Here, we report a flexible large-area film transfer method to lengthen the cavity according to the resonant condition. Then a single-mode vertical-cavity quasi 2D (PEA)2Csn-1PbnX3n+1 (X:Br, Cl) perovskite pure green laser is demonstrated, which has a low threshold of 39.3 μJ/cm−2, a high-quality factor of 1159, and a highly linear polarization degree of 92.5% under nanosecond pulsed optical pumping. This is a significant step toward low-cost practical perovskite lasers.
Diffusion quantum Monte Carlo method on diradicals using single- and multi-determinant-Jastrow trial wavefunctions and different orbitals
Authors: Rao Lu , Wang Fan
Published: March 2022

In this work, the diffusion quantum Monte Carlo (DMC) method is employed to calculate the energies of singlet and triplet states for a series of organic diradicals and diatomic diradicals with π2 configuration. Single-determinant-Jastrow (SDJ) trial wavefunctions for triplet states, two-determinant-Jastrow (2DJ) trial wavefunctions for the singlet states, and multi-determinant-Jastrow (MDJ) trial wavefunctions are employed in DMC calculations using restricted open-shell B3LYP (ROB3LYP) orbitals, complete-active-space self-consistent field (CASSCF) orbitals, state-average CASSCF orbitals, or frozen-CASSCF orbitals. Our results show that DMC energies using either SDJ/2DJ or MDJ with ROB3LYP orbitals are close to or lower than those with the other orbitals for organic diradicals, while they are not very sensitive to the employed orbitals for diatomic diradicals. Furthermore, using MDJ can reduce DMC energies to some extent for most of the investigated organic diradicals and some diatomic diradicals. The importance of MDJ on DMC energies can be estimated based on the percentage of main determinants in the CASCI wavefunction. On the other hand, singlet–triplet gaps can be calculated reasonably with DMC using MDJ with a mean absolute error of less than 2 kcal/mol with all these orbitals. CASCI wavefunctions using density functional theory orbitals are preferred in constructing MDJ trial wavefunctions in practical DMC calculations since it is easier to obtain such wavefunctions than CASSCF methods.
Cost effective modification of SmCo5-type alloys
Authors: Sempros Georgios , Sarafidis Charalampos , Giaremis Stefanos , Kioseoglou Joseph , Gjoka Margarit
Published: March 2022

In the present work we present a preliminary experimental and ab-initio study of a series of compounds with nominal composition Sm1-xMMxCo5-y-zFeyNiz (x = 0 – 0.7; y = 0.5 – 1.5; z = 0.5 – 1). Compounds with MM content up to 50% were successfully synthesized in CaCu5-type structure, retaining uniaxial magnetocrystalline anisotropy. Magnetization values are within the 85 to 50 Am2/kg range, with Ni content playing a significant role in stabilization of the structure at the cost of magnetization weakening. Theoretical calculations predict higher magnetization values, especially in the case of SmCo2.5Fe1.5Ni compound with a value close to that of SmCo5.
C-type natriuretic peptide is a pivotal regulator of metabolic homeostasis
Authors: Perez-Ternero Cristina , Aubdool Aisah A. , Makwana Raj , Sanger Gareth J. , Stimson Roland H. , Chan Li F. , Moyes Amie J. , Hobbs Adrian J.
Published: March 2022

Significance

The global mortality, morbidity, and healthcare costs associated with cardiometabolic disease, including obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia, are substantial and represent an expanding unmet medical need. Herein, we have identified a physiological role for C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) in regulating key processes, including thermogenesis and adipogenesis, which combine to coordinate metabolic function and prevent the development of cardiometabolic disorders. This protective mechanism, which is in part mediated via an autocrine action of CNP on adipocytes, is underpinned by activation of cognate natriuretic peptide receptors (NPR)-B and NPR-C. This mechanism advances the fundamental understanding of energy homeostasis and glucose handling and offers the promise of improving the treatment of cardiometabolic disease.
Hemogenic and aortic endothelium arise from a common hemogenic angioblast precursor and are specified by the Etv2 dosage
Authors: Zhao Shizheng , Feng Shachuan , Tian Ye , Wen Zilong
Published: March 2022

Significance

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are generated from specialized endothelial cells, called hemogenic endothelial cells (HECs). It has been debated whether HECs and non–HSC-forming conventional endothelial cells (cECs) arise from a common precursor or represent distinct lineages. Moreover, the molecular basis underlying their distinct fate determination is poorly understood. We use photoconvertible labeling, time-lapse imaging, and single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis to trace the lineage of HECs. We discovered that HECs and cECs arise from a common hemogenic angioblast precursor, and their distinct fate is determined by high or low dosage of Etv2, respectively. Our results illuminate the lineage origin and a mechanism on the fate determination of HECs, which may enhance the understanding on the ontogeny of HECs in vertebrates.
Singapore hawker centres
Authors: Lee Cher Leng
Published: March 2022

This paper is a sociolinguistic study of the linguistic landscape of signboards in Singapore hawker centres. It
examines the language(s) displayed on the signboards of 2,145 stalls in the 20 largest hawker centres in Singapore. Hawker centres
in Singapore are open-air eating places patronised by thousands of people each day. With less government intervention in the
languages that can be displayed on hawker centre signboards, the signs reflect the languages used and identities adopted by the
masses in a multilingual setting. This language ecology enables us to observe how languages interact at individual and societal
levels in hawker centres and how linguistic diversity is maintained despite the apparent widespread use of English in Singapore.
We examine how besides the monolingual, bilingual and multilingual and hybrid signboards, hawker centres are unique habitats in
this language ecology where non-Mandarin dialects are preserved, and traditional Chinese characters are commonly seen, in a
globalised Singapore. The hawker centres showcase a linguistic landscape of identity, diversity, and continuity.
The effects of reading narrative fiction on social and moral cognition
Authors: Wimmer Lena , Currie Gregory , Friend Stacie , Ferguson Heather J.
Published: March 2022

We present two experiments examining the effects of reading narrative fiction (vs.narrative non-fictionvs.expository non-fiction) on social and moral cognition, using a battery of self-report, explicit and implicit indicators. Experiment 1 (N = 340) implemented a pre-registered, randomized between-groups design, and assessed multiple outcomes after a short reading assignment. Results failed to reveal any differences between the three reading conditions on either social or moral cognition. Experiment 2 employed a longitudinal design.N = 104 participants were randomly assigned to read an entire book over seven days. Outcome variables were assessed before and after the reading assignment as well as at a one-week follow-up. Results did not show any differential development between the three reading conditions over time. The present results do not support the claim that reading narrative fiction is apt to improve our general social and moral cognition.
Dia1 coordinates differentiation and cell sorting in a stratified epithelium
Authors: Harmon Robert M. , Devany John , Gardel Margaret L.
Published: March 2022

Although implicated in adhesion, only a few studies address how the actin assembly factors guide cell positioning in multicellular tissues. The formin, Dia1, localizes to the proliferative basal layer of the epidermis. In organotypic cultures, Dia1 depletion reduced basal cell density and resulted in stratified tissues with disorganized differentiation and proliferative markers. Since crowding induces differentiation in epidermal tissues, we hypothesized that Dia1 is essential to reach densities amenable to differentiation before or during stratification. Consistent with this, forced crowding of Dia1-deficient cells rescued transcriptional abnormalities. We find Dia1 promotes rapid growth of lateral cell–cell adhesions, necessary for the construction of a highly crowded monolayer. In aggregation assays, cells sorted into distinct layers based on Dia1 expression status. These results suggest that as basal cells proliferate, reintegration and packing of Dia1-positive daughter cells is favored, whereas Dia1-negative cells tend to delaminate to a suprabasal compartment. This work elucidates the role of formin expression patterns in constructing distinct cellular domains within stratified epithelia.
A model for how Gβγ couples Gα to GPCR
Authors: McIntire William E.
Published: March 2022

Representing ∼5% of the human genome, G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are a primary target for drug discovery; however, the molecular details of how they couple to heterotrimeric G protein subunits are incompletely understood. Here, I propose a hypothetical initial docking model for the encounter between GPCR and Gβγ that is defined by transient interactions between the cytosolic surface of the GPCR and the prenyl moiety and the tripeptide motif, asparagine–proline–phenylalanine (NPF), in the C-terminus of the Gγ subunit. Analysis of class A GPCRs reveals a conserved NPF binding site formed by the interaction of the TM1 and H8. Functional studies using differentially prenylated proteins and peptides further suggest that the intracellular hydrophobic core of the GPCR is a prenyl binding site. Upon binding TM1 and H8 of GPCRs, the propensity of the C-terminal region of Gγ to convert into an α helix allows it to extend into the hydrophobic core of the GPCR, facilitating the GPCR active state. Conservation of the NPF motif in Gγ isoforms and interacting residues in TM1 and H8 suggest that this is a general mechanism of GPCR–G protein signaling. Analysis of the rhodopsin dimer also suggests that Gγ–rhodopsin interactions may facilitate GPCR dimer transactivation.
Quantum Oscillations in Noncentrosymmetric Weyl Semimetal SmAlSi
Authors: Cao Weizheng , Su Yunlong , Wang Qi , Pei Cuiying , Gao Lingling , Zhao Yi , Li Changhua , Yu Na , Wang Jinghui , Liu Zhongkai , Chen Yulin , Li Gang , Li Jun , Qi Yanpeng
Published: March 2022

As a new type of quantum state of matter hosting low energy relativistic quasiparticles, Weyl semimetals (WSMs) have attracted significant attention for scientific community and potential quantum device applications. In this study, we present a comprehensive investigation of the structural, magnetic, and transport properties of noncentrosymmetric RAlSi (R = Sm, Ce), which have been predicted to be new magnetic WSM candidates. Both samples exhibit nonsaturated magnetoresistance, with about 900% and 80% for SmAlSi and CeAlSi, respectively, at temperature of 1.8 K and magnetic field of 9 T. The carrier densities of SmAlSi and CeAlSi exhibit remarkable change around magnetic transition temperatures, signifying that the electronic states are sensitive to the magnetic ordering of rare-earth elements. At low temperatures, SmAlSi reveals prominent Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations associated with the nontrivial Berry phase. High-pressure experiments demonstrate that the magnetic order is robust and survival under high pressure. Our results would yield valuable insights into WSM physics and potentials in applications to next-generation spintronic devices in the RAlSi (R = Sm, Ce) family.
An ideal gas and the increasing (total) entropy principle: what is allowed in the PV plane and what is not
Authors: Marcella Thomas V
Published: March 2022

In a recent article in this journal, Brown and Singh present the results of an extensive in-class survey of student difficulties with the second law of thermodynamics. Here, we discuss in detail some issues identified by them in an attempt to resolve some of the problems. We do this by making clear the distinction between the ‘system entropy’, ‘reservoir entropy’, ‘total entropy’, and the ‘entropy of the Universe’. We identify, without ambiguity, which quasistatic processes are ‘internally reversible’, which are ‘totally reversible’, and which are ‘irreversible’. We discuss the meaning of quasistatic processes represented by curves in the PV plane. We show that the process P = P(V) that takes an ideal gas from initial state

P

A

V

A

to final state

P

B

V

B

always takes the gas away from the adiabat

P

V

γ

=

P

A

V

A

γ

. We establish the increasing (total) entropy principle as the quantitative expression of the second law of thermodynamics. This establishes the fundamental role of the total entropy in macroscopic thermodynamics. Expressing the increasing (total) entropy principle in the form (T
res − T
gas)d(PV

γ
) > 0 reveals which processes are allowed, which are not, and which points in the PV plane are accessible from a given initial state. Students can now observe the limitations on individual processes mandated by the second law. Such second law analysis is suitable for the introductory physics course.
Fault pattern recognition of rolling bearing based on smoothness prior approach and dual-input depth spatial–temporal fusion
Authors: M Zhang  , Li X J , Xu S H , Meng X Y
Published: March 2022

Accurate fault diagnosis is critical for the safe and stable operation of mechanical equipment. Current deep learning (DL)-based fault diagnosis can extract various and deep discriminative features efficiently. Different DL methods are applicable to different data types, and the extracted features are also different. In addition, the equipment working conditions are complex, and noise from the working environment is inevitable. If only a single network or single input is used, it is difficult to extract the information that can comprehensively describe the fault features, which affects the diagnosis accuracy, especially when multiple faults (more than ten types) are considered. Hence, this study proposes a method for fault diagnosis based on the smoothness prior approach (SPA) and a dual-input depth spatial–temporal fusion network. First, the original signal is decomposed via SPA and two different types of input are constructed. Second, a dual-input depth spatial–temporal fusion network is proposed to extract deeper information by simultaneously learning temporal and spatial features. These two types of features are fused using a two-dimensional convolutional neural network to complete classification tasks. The average recognition accuracy of the proposed network can be maintained above 99% on two commonly used benchmark vibration datasets. Compared with several state-of-the-art diagnosis methods under different noise level experiments, the proposed method can achieve higher diagnosis accuracy for each dataset under different working conditions.
Eddy current flow meter model validation with a moving solid rod
*
Authors: Lau Cornwall , Oleksak Kellen , Cetiner Sacit M , Groth Paul , Mauer Craig , Ottinger Dustin , Roberts Michael J , Warmack Bruce , Fathy Aly E
Published: March 2022

The eddy current flow meter (ECFM) has been used to measure velocities and temperatures of conductive flows, such as liquid metal flows in a nuclear fission reactor. The goal of this paper is to develop a finite element electromagnetic model that can characterize the ECFM sensor performance and validate this finite element model with detailed velocity measurements of a controlled, well-characterized moving conductive solid rod. Both measurements and modeling were performed for various parameters that are important for ECFM performance such as rod velocity, rod material, ECFM sensor coil length, number of sensor coils, applied alternating current (AC) current amplitude, and applied ECFM AC frequency. For all parametric scans, the measurement and modeling agree well in both magnitude and trend. The normalized root-mean-square error between measurement and modeling is less than 10% for all cases. These results suggest that electromagnetic modeling could eventually be used to cost-effectively design future ECFM sensors in arbitrary geometry for more challenging applications such as liquid metal nuclear fission reactors.
Fluorescence labelled XT5 modified nano-capsules enable highly sensitive myeloma cells detection
Authors: Norouz Dizaji Araz , Yazdani Kohneshahri Matin , Gafil Sena , Muhammed Muhammed Tilahun , Ozkan Tulin , Inci Ilyas , Uzun Cengiz , Yalcin Esin Aki
Published: March 2022

Accurate diagnosis of cancer cells in early stages plays an important role in reliable therapeutic strategies. In this study, we aimed to develop fluorescence-conjugated polymer carrying nanocapsules (NCs) which is highly selective for myeloma cancer cells. To gain specific targeting properties, NCs, XT5 molecules (a benzamide derivative) which shows high affinity properties against protease-activated receptor-1 (PAR1), that overexpressed in myeloma cancer cells, was used. For this purpose, 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-[carboxy(polyethylene glycol)-2000]-carboxylic acid (DSPE-PEG2000-COOH) molecules, as a main encapsulation material, was conjugated to XT5 molecules due to esterification reaction using N,N′-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide as a coupling agent. The synthesized DSPE-PEG2000-COO-XT5 was characterized by using FT-IR and1H NMR spectroscopies and results indicated that XT5 molecules were successfully conjugated to DSPE-PEG2000-COOH. Poly(fluorene-alt-benzothiadiazole) (PFBT) conjugated polymer (CP) was encapsulated with DSPE-PEG2000-COO-XT5 due to dissolving in tetrahydrofuran and ultra-sonication in an aqueous solution, respectively. The morphological properties, UV–vis absorbance, and emission properties of obtainedCPencapsulatedDSPE-PEG2000−COO-XT5(CPDP-XT5) NCs was determined by utilizing scanning electron microscopy, UV–vis spectroscopy, and fluorescent spectroscopy, respectively. Cytotoxicity properties of CPDP-XT5 was evaluated by performing MTT assay on RPMI 8226 myeloma cell lines. Cell viability results confirmed that XT5 molecules were successfully conjugated to DSPE-PEG2000-COOH. Specific targeting properties of CPDP-XT5 NCs and XT5-free NCs (CPDP NCs) were investigated on RPMI 8226 myeloma cell lines by utilizing fluorescent microscopy and results indicated that CPDP-XT5 NCs shows significantly high affinity in comparison to CPDP NCs against the cells. Homology modeling and molecular docking properties of XT5 molecules were evaluated and simulation results confirmed our results.
A dimethyl disulfide gas sensor based on nanosized Pt-loaded tetrakaidecahedral α-Fe2O3nanocrystals
Authors: Zhuang Ziqin , Zhang Li , Huang Chaozhu , Wang Xiaohang , Guo Haichuan , Thomas Tiju , Qu Fengdong , Wang Pei , Yang Minghui
Published: March 2022

Surface modification by employing precious metals is one of the most effective ways to improve the gas-sensing performance of metal oxide semiconductors. Pureα-Fe2O3nanoparticles and Pt-modifiedα-Fe2O3nanoparticles were prepared sequentially using a rather simple hydrothermal synthesis and impregnation method. Compared with the originalα-Fe2O3nanomaterials, the Pt-α-Fe2O3nanocomposite sensor shows a higher response value (Ra/Rg = 58.6) and a shorter response/recovery time (1 s/168 s) to 100 ppm dimethyl disulfide (DMDS) gas at 375 °C. In addition, it has better selectivity to DMDS gas with the value of more than 9 times higher than the other target gases at 375 °C. This study indicates that the Pt-α-Fe2O3nanoparticle sensor has good prospects and can be used as a low-cost and effective DMDS gas sensor.
Enhanced H2 evolution performance by carbonized SiC/g-C3N4 heterojunction under visible-light illumination
Authors: Ma Mengfan , Chu Guoliang , Qiu Lingfang , Cao Banpeng , Li Ping , Shen Yan , Chen Xiangshu , Kita Hidetoshi , Duo Shuwang
Published: March 2022

In this study, carbonized silicon carbide/graphitic carbon nitride ((SiC/C)/g-C3N4) composites were fabricated via a facile calcination method. The optimal SiC/C/g-C3N4 composite shows an excellent visible-light photocatalytic activity for water splitting, with the highest hydrogen evolution amount being 200.2 μmol, which is four times higher than that of pure g-C3N4 when triethanolamine and platinum (1.0 wt%) are used as the sacrificial agent and cocatalyst, respectively. With an intimate interface between SiC/C and g-C3N4, the energy band structure of g-C3N4 was well engineered for photocatalytic H2 production. This study provides a novel method for fabricating g-C3N4-based heterojunctions for application in environmental conservation.
On the potential of 2D ion chamber arrays for high-dose rate remote afterloading brachytherapy quality assurance
Authors: Lekatou Aristea , Peppa Vasiliki , Karaiskos Pantelis , Pantelis Evangelos , Papagiannis Panagiotis
Published: March 2022

Objective. To investigate the potential of 2D ion chamber arrays to serve as a standalone tool for the verification of source strength, positioning and dwell time, within the framework of192Ir high-dose rate brachytherapy device quality assurance (QA).Approach.A commercially available ion chamber array was used. Fitting of a 2D Lorentzian peak function to experimental data from a multiple source dwell position irradiation on a frame-by-frame basis, facilitated tracking of the source center orthogonal projection on the array plane. For source air kerma strength verification, Monte Carlo simulation was employed to obtain a chamber array- and source-specific correction factor of calibration with a 6 MV photon beam. This factor converted the signal measured by each ion chamber element to air kerma in free space. A source positioning correction was also applied to lift potential geometry mismatch between experiment and Monte Carlo simulation.Main results.Spatial and temporal accuracy of source movement was verified within 0.5 mm and 0.02 s, respectively, in compliance with the test endpoints recommended by international professional societies. The source air kerma strength was verified experimentally within method uncertainties estimated as 1.44% (k = 1). The source positioning correction method employed did not introduce bias to experimental results of irradiations where source positioning was accurate. Development of a custom jig attachable to the chamber array for accurate and reproducible experimental set up would improve testing accuracy and obviate the need for source positioning correction in air kerma strength verification.Significance.Delivery of a single irradiation plan, optimized based on results of this work, to a 2D ion chamber array can be used for concurrent testing of source position, dwell time and air kerma strength, and the procedure can be expedited through automation. Chamber arrays merit further study in treatment planning QA and real time,in vivodose verification.
Scaling of spatio-temporal variations of taxi travel routes
Authors: Feng Xiaoyan , Sun Huijun , Gross Bnaya , Wu Jianjun , Li Daqing , Yang Xin , Lv Ying , Zhou Dong , Gao Ziyou , Havlin Shlomo
Published: March 2022

The importance of understanding human mobility patterns has led many studies to examine their spatial-temporal scaling laws. These studies mainly reveal that human travel can be highly non-homogeneous with power-law scaling distributions of distances and times. However, investigating and quantifying the extent of variability in time and space when traveling the same air distance has not been addressed so far. Using taxi data from five large cities, we focus on several novel measures of distance and time to explore the spatio-temporal variations of taxi travel routes relative to their typical routes during peak and nonpeak periods. To compare all trips using a single measure, we calculate the distributions of the ratios between actual travel distances and the average travel distance as well as between actual travel times and the average travel time for all origin destinations during peak and nonpeak periods. In this way, we measure the scaling of the distribution of all single trip paths with respect to their mean trip path. Our results surprisingly demonstrate very broad distributions for both the distance ratio and time ratio, characterized by a long-tail power-law distribution. Moreover, all analyzed cities have larger exponents in peak hours than in nonpeak hours. We suggest that the interesting results of shorter trip lengths and times, characterized by larger exponents during rush hours, are due to the higher availability of travelers during rush hours. Thus, drivers are more motivated to shorten their trips in order to take new passengers in rush hours compared to non-rush hours. We also find a high correlation between distances and times, and the correlation is lower during peak hours than during nonpeak hours. The reduced correlations can be understood as follows. Due to the high availability of passengers in peak periods more drivers choose long distances to save time compared to nonpeak periods. Furthermore, we employed an indeterminate traffic assignment model, which supports our finding of the power-law distribution of the distance ratio and time ratio for human mobility. Our results can help to assess traffic conditions within cities and provide guidance for urban traffic management.
Andreev reflection of massive pseudospin-1 fermions
Authors: Zeng W , Shen R
Published: March 2022

We theoretically investigate the Andreev reflection of the massive pseudospin-1 Dirac fermions including the +U-type, the −U-type, and the S

z
-type mass terms, corresponding to the flat band locating at the top, the bottom, and the center of the band gap, respectively. For the ±U-type fermions, it is found that the Andreev reflection probability at the oblique incidence can be even larger than that at the normal incidence. For the retro-reflection, such an oblique enhancement occurs in the n-doped +U-type (p-doped −U-type) massive fermion systems. While for the specular reflection, the enhancement occurs in the n-doped −U-type (p-doped +U-type) systems. For the S

z
-type massive fermions, an ideal Andreev reflection with all-angle unit efficiency is predicted in an undoped junction with the incident energy equal to the superconducting gap.