bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Wechselwirkung zwischen Bilateralismus und Multilateralismus. Das Beispiel der Freihandelsabkommen der EFTA-Staaten
Authors: Ziegler Andreas R.
Published: June 2021

Obwohl es den WTO-Mitgliedstaaten an der Ministerkonferenz in Doha im November 2001 gelungen ist, eine neue Welthandelsrunde (Doha-Runde) einzuleiten, hat das Bemühen von Industriestaaten und Schwellenländern bilaterale Freihandelsabkommen abzuschliessen seither weiter zugenommen. Der folgende Beitrag untersucht die Beweggründe und Grundstrukturen der heute ausgehandelten Freihandelsabkommen am Beispiel der Abkommen, welche die EFTA seit 1991 mit zahlreichen Staaten abgeschlossen hat. Die neusten Abkommen gehen wesentlich weiter als die traditionellen Abkommen zur Abschaffung von Zöllen und anderen Handelshemmnissen für Industriegüter. Sie führen die im Rahmen der WTO erreichte Liberalisierung im Dienstleistungshandel und in Bereichen wie dem öffentlichen Beschaffungswesen oder dem Schutz des Geistigen Eigentums fort und erfassen teilweise auch Bereiche wie die internationalen Direktinvestitionen und das Wettbewerbsrecht, die im Rahmen der WTO bisher nicht geregelt werden konnten. Diese Entwicklung kann zu Chancen aber auch potentiellen Konflikten für das globale Handelssystem führen, auf die im folgenden näher eingegangen werden soll.
Der Beitrag der Wissenschaften zur künftigen Verfassung der EU. Interdisziplinäres Verfassungssymposium anlässlich des 10-Jahre-Jubiläums des Europainstituts der Universität Basel
Authors: Kreis (Hrsg.) Georg , Budelacci (Redaktion) Orlando
Published: June 2021

Das Europainstitut der Universität Basel hat anlässlich des Jubiläums zu seinem zehnjährigen Bestehen am 23. Juni 2003 ein interdisziplinäres Kolloquium zur Idee einer gesamteuropäischen Verfassung abgehalten.Die unterschiedlichen Vorstellungen können, vereinfachend, drei Grundverständnissen zugeordnet werden. Da gibt es das (national) staats- zentrierte Verfassungsverständnis, das der Europäischen Gemeinschaft grundsätzlich die Verfassungsfähigkeit abspricht. Daneben gibt es ein bloss formales Verfassungsverständnis, das mit einem einheitlichen, kohärenten und einprägsamen Dokument zufrieden ist. Ein drittes ist das funktionelle Verfassungsverständnis; es könnte das problemadäquateste sein und verliert sich nicht in der Frage, ob mit der Organisation der Dinge zugleich eine wie immer geartete Staatlichkeit entstehe oder diese voraussetze. Es ergänzt vielmehr in einem Mehrebenen-Modell die nationalen Verfassungen um eine supranationale „Hausordnung“: Es definiert Organe, legt Entscheidverfahren, Handlungsbefugnisse und Kontrollmechanismen fest. Welchen Namen man dem Papier dann gibt, ist von sekundärer Bedeutung. Das Mischwort „Verfassungsvertrag” könnte die angemessene Konsenslösung sein.InhaltsverzeichnisEinleitung: Der längere Weg der Bemühungen um eine gesamteuropäische Verfassung Georg Kreis (Seite 5) 1. Monodisziplinäre Stellungnahmen (Seite 12)1.1 Rechtswissenschaft Olivier Jouanjan (Seite 12); Anne Peters (Seite 24); Jürgen Schwarze (Seite 30)1.2 Wirtschaftswissenschaft Peter Bernholz (Seite 37); Viktor Vanberg (Seite 43); Roland Vaubel (Seite 48) 1.3 Politikwissenschaft Wolf Linder (Seite 58); Dieter Freiburghaus (Seite 60); Rudolf Hrbek (Seite 61)2. Interdisziplinäre Diskussionsrunde (Seite 68)
Switzerland's Monetary Bilateralism. The Episode of 1975
Authors: Scheller Hanspeter K.
Published: June 2021

The present article is a contribution to the history of the monetary relations between Switzerland and its European neighbours. Given its historical focus on independence and self-determination, Switzerland is opposed to full membership of the European Union. Instead, given the close economic links with its European neighbour countries, Switzerland aims at formal relationships with the European Union only in selected economic and technical areas. The article first gives some historical background, then discusses Switzerland’s negotiations with the “snake” countries and ends with a note on the developments after 1975.
Die aussenpolitischen Eliten der Schweiz und der Beginn der europäischen Integration. Eine rollentheoretische Untersuchung der schweizerischen Teilnahme an der Lancierung des Marshallplans und an der Errichtung der Organisation für wirtschaftliche Zusammenarbeit in Europa 1947-1948
Authors: Marti Simon
Published: June 2021

Die vorliegende Arbeit will die Gründe und Motive der schweizerischen Teilnahme an der Lancierung des Marshallplans und an der Errichtung der “Organisation Européenne de Coopération Economique” (OECE) 1947-1948 erklären. Es wird von drei Rollenkonzeptionen ausgegangen, welche die schweizerische Aussenpolitik im letzten Jahrhundert massgeblich prägten. Dabei handelt es sich um die Neutralität, den Antikommunismus, sowie eine Sicht der Schweiz als einen apolitischen Wirtschaftsakteur. Für die vorliegende Untersuchung ist aus politologischer Sicht relevant, inwiefern und in welchem Ausmass die existierenden Rollenkonzeptionen die schweizerische Aussenpolitik gegenüber den Plänen für den europäischen Wiederaufbau erklären können.Diese Untersuchung gliedert sich in drei Teile. Nach einer kurzen Einführung in die theoretischen Grundlagen und der Darlegung der Fragestellung im Kontext des Forschungsstandes folgt im Hauptteil die empirische Untersuchung. Das letzte Kapitel bewertet die vorhandenen Rollenkonzeptionen und versucht daraus Schlussfolgerungen zu ziehen.
Die Beziehungen der Schweiz zur Europäischen Union / Der Beitrag des freien Handels zum Weltfrieden
Authors: Cottier Thomas , Liechti Rachel , Dengg Alexandra
Published: June 2021

Prof. Thomas Cottier und Rachel Liechti lic. iur. behandeln im ersten Teil dieser Ausgabe das Verhältnis der Schweiz zur Europäischen Union. Dieses ist geprägt durch eine starke wirtschaftliche Integration, die sich rechtlich in Formen und Verfahren einer weitgehenden differenziellen Integration im Drittstaatenverhältnis manifestiert. Sie hat pragmatisch und in Schritten zur Schaffung von Rahmenbedingungen geführt, die Rücksicht auf die direktdemokratische Tradition und Verfahren der Schweiz und die wirtschaftliche Notwendigkeit nehmen.Der zweite Beitrag wurde von Prof. Thomas Cottier zusammen mit Alexandra Dengg verfasst. Er liefert zunächst eine Definition des Freihandels sowie einen geschichtlichen Überblick. Dann beschäftigt er sich mit dem Beitrag der WTO sowie der europäischen Integration. Schliesslich geht er auch auf den Beitrag der Schweiz sowie auf einen möglichen Beitritt der Schweiz in die Europäische Union ein.
Europa als Teil der UNO
Authors: Maurer Peter
Published: June 2021

Dieser Beitrag beschäftigt sich mit der Rolle Europas in den Vereinten Nationen. Dabei wird unter anderem auf den Einfluss europäischer Werte in der UNO, institutionelle Begebenheiten im Verhältnis UN-Europa und operationelle Tätigkeiten sowie auf politische Streitpunkte eingegangen.
Nephroprotective Effect of Coenzyme Q10 alone and in Combination with N-acetylcysteine in Diabetic Nephropathy
Authors: Mahajan Manojkumar S. , Upaganlawar Aman B. , Upasani Chandrashekar D.
Published: June 2021

Aim

Oxidative stress due to chronic hyperglycaemia is a key factor in the development and progression of various microvascular complications including diabetic nephropathy (DN) and associated renal injury. Treatment with antioxidants is one of the strategies to protect the kidney from oxidative tissue damage to improve renal physiology during DN. The investigation, therefore, was designed to assess the nephroprotective effect of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) and N-acetylcysteine (NAC), either alone or in combination in streptozotocin (STZ)-nicotinamide (NAD) induced diabetic nephropathy (DN) in rats.

Methods

T2DM induced by STZ (55 mg/kg, i.p.)-NAD (110 mg/kg, i.p.) in Sprague-Dawley rats (220–250 g) was confirmed by the elevated blood glucose level and glycated haemoglobin. DN was assessed by renal function tests. The diabetic rats were treated with CoQ10 (10 mg/kg, p.o.) and/or NAC (300 mg/kg, p.o.) for 8 weeks after confirmation of DN. Oxidative tissue damage due to STZ-NAD was estimated by malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), reduced glutathione (GSH), myeloperoxidase (MPO) and nitric oxide (NO) in the renal homogenate.

Results

Data showed significant alteration in serum and urinary creatinine, total protein, albumin, serum urea, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and uric acid in diabetic animals as compared to the control rats. CoQ10 and/or NAC effectively alleviated the disturbances in renal function. Diabetic rats showed increased MDA, decreased SOD and CAT activities and decreased GSH along with a significant increase in MPO activity and nitrite content. Treatment with the aforementioned antioxidants and their combination ameliorated the kidney damage as indicated by the reduced OS with improved renal function.

Conclusion

The investigation suggests that the chronic hyperglycaemia-induced OS leads to the development and progression of DN. The combined treatment with CoQ10 and NAC has shown a remarkable nephroprotective effect suggesting that combined antioxidant therapy with CoQ10 and NAC may be useful in the attenuation of DN.
Selected Sanctions in Polish Social Assistance Law
Authors: Żołnierczyk Ewa
Published: June 2021

The social assistance system is determined by the support of individuals and families in their efforts to meet the necessary life needs. The purpose of assistance is to prevent difficult life situations that individuals and families cannot overcome using their own rights, resources and capabilities. This assistance must be provided in accordance with legal rules, and in all cases where these rules are not met, it must be modified, for example applying sanctions, otherwise it would turn into widespread distribution of public money. The author undertook an analysis of selected sanctions, which are provided for in the Act of 12 March 2004 on social assistance

The Act of 12 March 2004 on social assistance (Journal of Laws 2019, item 2473)

, reaching conclusions on the advisability and necessity of their application on a practical basis.
The convergence of Iteration Scheme to Fixed Points in Modular Spaces
Authors: Abduljabbar Meena Fouad , Abed Salwa Salman
Published: June 2021

The aim of this paper is to study the convergence of an iteration scheme for multi-valued mappings which defined on a subset of a complete convex real modular. There are two main results, in the first result, we show that the convergence with respect to a multi-valued contraction mapping to a fixed point. And, in the second result, we deal with two different schemes for two multivalued  mappings (one of them is a contraction and other has a fixed point) and then we show that the limit point of these two schemes is the same. Moreover, this limit will be the common fixed point the two mappings.
Enhancement of Non-Linear Generators and Calculate the Randomness Test for Autocorrelation Property
Authors: Alsaadi Ahmed Amer , Al-Shammari Ayad G. Naser
Published: June 2021

In this paper, three main generators are discussed: Linear generator, Geffe generator and Bruer generator. The Geffe and Bruer generators are improved and then calculate the Autocorrelation postulate of randomness test for each generator and compare the obtained result. These properties can be measured deterministically and then compared to statistical expectations using a chi-square test.
Comparative analysis of Median filter family for Removing High-Density Noise in Magnetic Resonance Images
Authors: Habeeb Nada Jasim
Published: June 2021

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a medical indicative test utilized for taking images of the tissue points of interest of the human body. During image acquisition, MRI images can be damaged by many noise signals such as impulse noise. One reason for this noise may be a sharp or sudden disturbance in the image signal. The removal of impulse noise is one of the real difficulties. As of late, numerous image de-noising methods were produced for removing the impulse noise from images. Comparative analysis of known and modern methods of median filter family is presented in this paper. These filters can be categorized as follows: Standard Median Filter; Adaptive Median Filter; Progressive Switching Median Filter; Noise Adaptive Fuzzy Switching Median Filter; and Different Applied Median Filter. The de-noising technique performance for each one is evaluated and compared using Peak Signal Noise Ratio, Structural Similarity index Metric, and Beta metric as quantitative metrics.  The experimental results showed that the latest de-noising technique, Different Applied Median Filter (DAMF), produced better results in removing impulse noise compared with the other de-noising techniques. However, this filter produced de-noised image with nonlinear edges in high-density noise. As a result, noise removal from images is one of the low-level images processing which is considered as a first step in many image applications. Therefore, the efficiency of any image processed depends on the efficiency of noise removal technique.
A New Micro-composite Material of Micro-particle Amalgam/Polyvinyl Alcohol for Teething Structures
Authors: Abas Falak O. , Abass Raghad U.
Published: June 2021

Dental amalgam is a mixture of approximately 50% mercury and varying ratios of silver, tin, zinc, and copper. Dental amalgam is a major source of mercury pollution because it is readily absorbed through 90-100% vapour and the oral mucosa. In addition, in certain situations with the oral environment, various types of metallic orthodontic brackets are highly aggressive and can lead to corrosion. However, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) material has no cytogenetic effects on human health or the environment and is therefore applied in the manufacturing of the new composite material. Different additives from the bonding agent (PVA; 2.4, 4.8, and 7.2 g)  dissolved in about 10 ml of water, heated on a hot plate under a high-temperature heat treatment (150-200 á´¼C), and continuously stirred for about 20 minutes, until all the PVA dissolved or the solution became colorless. Subsequently, a fixed amount of powdered amalgam (2.4g) added after the mercury content was separated. It was continuously mixed until it reached a homogenous solution, then molded and cured to give the final product. New samples were used for the following purposes: (1) to investigate their effects on the chemical, thermal and mechanical properties of the composite samples, (2) composite scanning and images from the EDS diffraction. Scanning lectron microscopy (SEM) indicated that the presence of the methyl group (CHI) that lowers the crystallinity of PVA, also forms bridges between the different chains obtained to indicate the suitable materials for guided dental applications.
An Improved Segmentation Technique for Early Detection of Exudates of Diabetic Retinopathy Disease
Authors: Mahmood Faleh H. , Aziz Shahad Abdul-Jabbar
Published: June 2021

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a diabetes- caused disease that is associated with  leakage of fluid from the blood vessels into the retina, leading to its damage. It is one of the most common diseases that can lead to weak vision and even blindness. Exudates is a clear indication of diabetic retinopathy, which is the main cause of blindness in people with diabetes. Therefore, early detection of exudates is a crucial and essential step to prevent blindness and vision loss is in the analysis of digital diabetic retinopathy systems. This paper presents an improved approach for detection of exudates in retina image using supervised-unsupervised Minimum Distance (MD) segmentation method. The suggested system includes three stages; First, after image acquisition, it is pre-processed for preparing and improving its quality. Second, the simple toward interpretation and analysis of image is segmentation as another stage.      In this research, we presented a method which is used for segmentation of     exudates by the adaptive (supervised-unsupervised) Minimum Distance (MD)  creation segmentation algorithm with two non-overlapping clusters. The method was proposed based on its performance compared with other methods and followed by exudates extraction as a final stage. This proposed framework helps the ophthalmologists to distinguish the problem earlier, which enables them to recommend a superior medication for forestalling further retinal harm.
Defining Clinical Public Health
Authors: Choi Bernard , Pakes Barry , Bilotta Rose , Graham Kathryn , Gupta Neeru , King Arlene S. , Dimaras Helen , Wei Xiaolin , Gibson Brian , Reynolds Donna L. , Morris Shaun K. , Selby Peter , Harvey Bart J. , Fox Ann L. , Rachlis Beth , Bhuiyan Shafi , Nnorom Onye , Upshur Ross
Published: June 2021

Purpose: To solve complex health issues, an innovative and multidisciplinary framework is necessary. The Clinical Public Health (CPH) Division was established at the University of Toronto (UofT), Canada to foster inte-gration of primary care, preventive medicine and public health in education, practice and research. To better understand how the construct of CPH might be applied, we surveyed clinicians, researchers and public health professionals affiliated with the CPH Division to assess their understanding of the CPH concept and its utility in fostering broad collaboration.

Methods: A two-wave anonymous survey of the active faculty of the CPH Division, UofT was conducted across Canada. Wave 1 participants (n = 187; 2016) were asked to define CPH, while Wave 2 participants (n = 192; 2017) were provided a synthesis of Wave 1 results and asked to rank each definition. Both waves were asked about the need for a common definition, and to comment on CPH.

Results: Response rates for the first and second waves were 25% and 22%, respectively. Of the six definitions of CPH from Wave 1, “the intersection of clinical practice and public health,” was most highly ranked by Wave 2 participants. Positive perceptions of CPH included multidisciplinary collaboration, new fields and insights, forward thinking and innovation. Negative perceptions included CPH being a confusing term, too narrow in scope or too clinical.

Conclusion: The concept of Clinical Public Health can foster multidisciplinary collaboration to address com-plex health issues because it provides a useful framework for bringing together key disciplines and diverse professional specialties.
representaciones sociales de la vejez y el envejecimiento en dos grupos de mujeres de Medellín (Colombia)
Authors: Gañán Moreno Anderson , Miranda Ávila Laura , Galvez Ortiz Claudia Alejandra Victoria
Published: June 2021

En este artículo se describen las representaciones sociales de la vejez y del envejecimiento en dos grupos de mujeres en la ciudad de Medellín: uno de jóvenes y otro de adultas mayores. Se parte del concepto de las representaciones sociales sobre la vejez y el envejecimiento como maneras de conseguir sensatez con relación a la realidad convencional, lo que lo hace accesible a un significado común por el cual se comprende que la vejez es una producción de la sociedad, elaborada por la cultura y, específicamente, por la interacción social. Con un enfoque cualitativo se obtuvo la información a partir de encuestas, entrevistas y observaciones a dos grupos de mujeres en Medellín: uno de jóvenes de dieciocho a veinticinco años y otro de mayores de cincuenta a sesenta años. Entre los resultados y conclusiones se evidencia que existe un contraste con respecto a la percepción, la actitud y el núcleo figurativo, teniendo en cuenta el momento actual de la vida, pues no es igual estar en la etapa de la juventud que en la etapa de la vejez. Además, se debe tener presente que existen dificultades al momento de generalizar las características de la vejez en el ser humano, pues cada sujeto llega al envejecimiento con diversas experiencias de aprendizaje adquiridas en diversos contextos socioculturales, razón por la cual las características que se presentan en la vejez en relación con las funciones psicológicas y las funciones cognitivas se muestran de manera diferente en cada individuo.
PROJEÇÕES DE RESULTADOS ECONÔMICOS PARA UMA EMPRESA DO SETOR DE FRANQUIAS DE ESCOLAS DE IDIOMAS
Authors: Cordeiro Lucas Gamalel
Published: June 2021

Esta pesquisa tem por objetivo realizar a análise de resultados econômicos no setor de franquias de escolas de idiomas. Dificuldades em avaliar a rentabilidade e o risco de um investimento tem se mostrado cada vez mais comuns entre investidores. A falta de planejamento do investimento e a falta de preparo e capacitação dos investidores constituem-se como principais causas de problemas que provocam a morte de empresas antes do segundo ano de empreendimento. Como metodologia de execução do trabalho, foram levantados os dados, a partir de pesquisa documental, do fluxo de caixa médio de unidades franqueadas em funcionamento, fornecidas por uma rede de escolas de idiomas. Os dados foram lançados na planilha base, juntamente com uma Taxa Mínima de Atratividade (TMA) definida pelo investidor, onde foram realizadas as projeções econômicas. Como resultados elaboraram-se cinco diferentes simulações de cenários de viabilidade econômica do investimento os quais variaram entre o mais pessimista e o mais otimista.  Estas projeções de resultados econômicos contribuem para que outros investidores possam, a partir deste modelo, realizar suas próprias análises, minimizando os riscos envolvidos em suas atividades empreendedoras. E com relação ao investimento estudado, constatou-se a viabilidade, sugerindo-se o seu aceite.
Endurance running as one of the factors of anthropogenesis
Authors: Kannykin Stanislav Vladimirovich
Published: June 2021

The goal of this research lies in the philosophical perspective on critical analysis of the hypothesis advanced by the American biologists Daniel Lieberman (Harvard) and Dennis Bramble (University of Utah) on endurance running as one of the most significant factors of anthropogenesis. The article determines its strong and weak sides, as well as cognitive potential for further research in the sphere of anthropology. The hypothesis under review correlates with other rationalistic and evolutionary concepts of anthropogenesis, being considered as a means for clarification and substantiation of their basic provisions. The key research methods are analysis and comparison. The acquired results complement the labor theory of anthropogenesis with modern interpretation of natural science data. The area of application of the research results is the philosophical anthropology and philosophy of sports. The novelty of this work consists in philosophical comprehension of endurance running as a component of pre-instrument collective labor activity of the ancestors of modern man, one of the prerequisites for the development of abstract thinking, as well as a means of youth initiation and team bonding, which balances the gender differences in the process of adulting and procuring food by primitive hunters.
Prosodic means of creating expressiveness in the rhetoric of United States televised presidential debates (on the example of Hillary Clinton's speech in 2016)
Authors: Anikyan Tamara
Published: June 2021

 This article reviews the expressive potential of prosodic means in Hillary Clinton's speech at the 2016 United States presidential debates. Special attention is given to the discursive characteristics of the text, such prosodic parameters as pitch variation, pausing, pace and intensity, as well as use of word accent. The author employs the method of auditory analysis of politician’s speech, and dwells on its certain fragments, which illustrate the effectiveness of suprasegmental modifications of speech for achieving an optimal rhetorical effect. The relevance of this research is substantiated by the need for comprehensive assessment of political discourse as a variation of communication with high manipulative potential. The scientific novelty consists in viewing the expressive capabilities of prosodic means in political discourse in light of extralinguistic factors that characterize the communicative situation, as well as in analysis of their functionality within a specific type of political discourse – the agonal genre, which brings its adversarial nature to the fore. The acquired results demonstrate the expressive potential of modifications of the key prosodic parameters in oral speech, and can be implemented in teaching the principles of analysis of political discourse texts from the perspective of expressive syntax, prosody, stylistic, and rhetoric to students majoring in philology. 
A primeira epístola salustiana a César sobre a República: introdução, tradução e notas
Authors: Bertacchi André Rodrigues
Published: June 2021

Apresenta-se aqui a tradução da Primeira Epístola a César sobre a República, atribuída ao historiador romano Salústio, à qual logo se acrescentará a versão da Segunda epístola também atribuída ao historiador. Na introdução, após discutir brevemente o problema da autenticidade e do gênero dos textos, as Epístolas serão abordadas a partir de sua relação com a declamatio, procedimento que consistia na composição de um falso discurso, em que o autor assumia a figura de outra pessoa, não raro imitando os grandes prosadores do passado. A partir dessa noção, mostrar-se-á como as epístolas tomam elementos das obras historiográficas de Salústio para construir para construir um discurso parenético. A tradução virá acompanhada de um texto em latim e de notas explicativas.
Meadow communities of the Lower Priamurye
Authors: Моторыкина Татьяна Николаевна
Published: June 2021

Работа посвящена изучению лугов Нижнего Приамурья. Приводится характеристика данной территории, согласно климатическому районированию Хабаровского края, указываются почвы, на которых формируются луговые сообщества, по А.П. Тильба представлена классификация луговых сообществ по условиям пойменного режима реки Амура, разделяя их на три уровня - высокий, средний и низкий со своими характерными для каждого уровня типами растительности. Рассмотрен растительный покров луговых сообществ каждого уровня поймы Амура. Указываются редкие виды растений, обнаруженные в результате изучения лугов. Для них приведены меры охраны, которые сводятся к включению их в Красные книги Российской Федерации: Dioscorea nipponica, Lilium callosum (2008) и Хабаровского края: Dioscorea nipponica, Lilium callosum, Potentilla freyniana (2019), к обитанию на заповедных территориях: государственного природного заповедника «Большехехцирский», природного парка «Шереметьевский», национального парка «Анюйский», природных парков «Хосо», «Вяземский», государственных природных заказниках «Хехцирский», «Чукенский», «Бирский», «Матайский» и контролю за состоянием популяций этих видов, ограничение сбора заготовок корневищ Dioscorea nipponica до полного запрета в местах интенсивного использования.

Here we report the results of the study of meadows of the Lower Priamurye. We characterize the territory according to climatic zoning of the Khabarovsk Region. The soils on which the meadow communities are formed, are noted. According the the classification by A.P. Tilba we present a classification of meadow communities under different flood regimes of the Amur River - high, medium and low. The vegetation of meadow communities at each level of the Amur floodplain is considered. Rare plant species found are reported. Security measures are proposed. Anomg them is an inclusion of the following plants to the Red Data Book of the Russian Federation: Dioscorea nipponica, Lilium callosum (2008), and to the Red Data Book of the Khabarovsk Region: Dioscorea nipponica, Lilium callosum, Potentilla freyniana (2019). They also must be protected withing the protected areas: State Nature Reserve "Bolshekhekhtsirsky", Natural Park "Sheremetevsky", National Park "Anyuisky”, Natural Parks "Hoso", and "Vyazemsky", State Nature Reserves "Khekhtsirsky», "Chukensky", "Birsky", "Mataisky". Populatoins of the mentioned species must be monitored. The collection of rhizomes of Dioscorea nipponica should be diminished up a complete ban.
Bryoflora of the state regional nature reserves of the Voronezh region
Authors: Попова Наталия Николаевна
Published: June 2021

Обобщены результаты исследований брифолоры комплексных заказников Воронежской области (регионального значения). В составе бриофлоры выявлено 126 видов мохообразных, из них 10 видов занесены в Красную книгу Воронежской области. На основе данных о ландшафтном и бриофлористическом разнообразии, доле редких видов дана оценка природоохранной значимости заказников. Наиболее существенный вклад в территориальную охрану мохообразных вносят заказники «Воронежская нагорная дубрава» (86 видов) и «Семилукский» (76 видов).

Here we summarize the results of studies of mosses in reserves of the Voronezh. The bryoflora of these reserves contains 126 species of bryophytes, of which 10 species are listed in the Red Data Book of the Voronezh Region. The nature conservation significance of the reserves is assessed on the share of rare species. The most significant contribution to the territorial protection of bryophytes is made by the reserves Voronezhskaya Nagornaya Dubrava (86 species) and Semiluksky (76 species).
Renato Ortiz
Authors: Nicolau Netto Michel
Published: June 2021

Este texto traz reflexões pessoais feitas a partir das leituras dos textos de Renato Ortiz e de nossa convivência, primeiro como orientando/orientador, depois como colegas e amigos. Para tanto, começo com a descrição de sua trajetória peculiar, que exigiu que Renato mobilizasse uma intensa reflexividade, uma vez que seu habitus não o levava ao caminho que seguiu nas ciências sociais. Em seguida, me concentro na reflexão sobre duas dimensões do pensamento de Ortiz: a relação entre escrita e pesquisa nas ciências sociais e, como proponho, sua forma de construção de objetos de pesquisa a partir da dimensão do poder.
A Moderna Tradição Brasileira
Authors: Barreto Mariana
Published: June 2021

O artigo apresenta a hipótese de que existe na obra de Renato Ortiz uma ruptura com certo nacionalismo metodológico. Ela toma corpo em sua pesquisa sobre a moderna tradição brasileira e se desenvolve ao longo dos trabalhos posteriores. Há a defesa de que no livro publicado em 1988 se estabelecem os princípios metodológicos que a identificam, isto é, na pesquisa empreendida sobre o processo de modernização cultural brasileiro o autor desnacionaliza questões e tradições intelectuais. Do livro à obra, a autonomia epistemológica conquistada não faz desaparecer o incansável exercício de exploração da dimensão transnacional da produção da cultura, quer quando esteja trabalhando com a construção das identidades nacionais, com os registros sobre a mundialização da cultura, quer quando reflita sobre o trabalho intelectual.
A roteirização turística dos destinos sob o olhar do mapeamento participativo: contribuições para a busca de um turismo inclusivo
Authors: Uliano Rocha Diego
Published: June 2021

O presente trabalho busca refletir sobre os processos de roteirização turística pelo olhar do Mapeamento Participativo. Procura-se demonstrar a possibilidade de uso desta metodologia para a construção de roteiros turísticos. Acredita-se que a utilização da técnica ajuda atender a atual necessidade de inclusão social significativa da população residente dos destinos turísticos. Nesta análise é traçado um panorama sobre os atores sociais por trás dos processos de roteirização turística e suas formas de entendimento de tal atividade. Toda a reflexão sobre o assunto é feita por meio de pesquisa documental e bibliográfica especializada. Nas considerações finais são traçados alguns passos gerais para o uso do mapeamento participativo na tentativa de contribuir para a construção de uma roteirização turística mais inclusiva.
Tradição Calunduzeira
Authors: Nogueira Guilherme Dantas
Published: June 2021

Objetiva-se debater como, para a afrorreligiosidade brasileira, tradição é um termo ressignificado a partir da diáspora, operando de forma dialética com a “colonial modernidade” e a partir da atuação das mães de santo. O tráfico negreiro trouxe ao Brasil milhões de africanas/os escravizadas/os, que dividiram cativeiro com ameríndias/os, com quem aprenderam conhecimentos centrais para sua prática religiosa. Desta experiência, forçadamente sincretizada com o catolicismo, nasceram os Calundus coloniais. Estes eram formas afrorreligiosas heterogêneas, que embasaram as atuais religiões de matriz africana e contaram com o saber e a liderança político-religiosa das mães de santo. Assim, no Brasil, faz mais sentido falar em religiões afro-brasileiras. A experiência da escravidão está incluída na tradição, sendo componente intrínseco da formação de sociabilidades em sua constante atualização. A tradição é um construto da resistência do povo negro brasileiro Ã  colonização e Ã  atual “colonial modernidade”.
Último Estado do Campo
Authors: Stella Marcello Giovanni Pocai
Published: June 2021

Este artigo busca através da pesquisa de trajetórias pessoais e profissionais de autore(a)s brasileiro(a)s contemporâneo(a)s, estreantes em prosa ficcional (conto, crônica e romance) entre 1988 e 2015, compreender as dinâmicas e lógicas do polo de circulação restrita do campo literário brasileiro na virada do século XX para o século XXI. A partir do caminho percorrido pela pesquisa proponho que tal polo do campo literário encontra-se fortemente influenciado por lógicas econômicas advindas do polo mais comercial da literatura. Promovendo em seu interior o surgimento de posições duplas de autore(a)s e editoras, em outras palavras, autore(a)s e editoras são constantemente levados a se utilizar de estratégias mais comerciais para se promover mesmo entre seus pares mais eruditos, não podendo prescindir delas Ã  revelia muitas vezes de seus interesses.
“Favorável Sentença”
Authors: Sousa João
Published: June 2021

Este artigo busca descrever e analisar a participação de artistas do Boi-bumbá Caprichoso na execução de uma das alegorias do item “Ritual Indígena”, intitulada “Enawenê-nawê: Yãkwa, a Favorável Sentença”, para o Festival Folclórico de Parintins de 2019. Aborda as reflexões dos profissionais de Parintins sobre o processo criativo, a partir de um pensamento a respeito do fazer artístico sob o ponto de vista da poética amazônica. Analisa o processo de conversão semiótica do Ritual citado, lançando luzes sobre a representação alegórica na arena. Por meio de impressões colhidas durante a execução, preparativos finais e efetiva apresentação no Bumbódromo, procura trazer aspectos do fazer alegórico a partir da observação do trabalho dos seus próprios criadores.
A construção imagética do índio e a prática fotográfica contemporânea
Authors: Amaral Micael , Oliveira Marília
Published: June 2021

As fotografias que se seguem resultaram das viagens realizadas Ã  aldeia Tukum, território indígena Tupinambá de Olivença, nos anos de 2017 e 2018. Elas foram construídas de forma pactuada com a comunidade indígena no propósito de narrar uma pequena parte do cotidiano da aldeia. Buscou-se por uma estética e narrativa que demostrasse o envolvimento dos índios com a mata, representado pelas crianças, mulheres e homens camponeses empoderados e politicamente engajados, guiados pelos seus ancestrais, cuja cultura e luta se relacionam intrinsecamente com a terra. Essas imagens podem ser pensadas como um dos vetores possíveis, somados aos outros mecanismos próprios de interpretação da consciência étnica e cultural indígena. É uma produção fotográfica compartilhada, fruto de vivências e trocas intencionadas no reconhecimento das indianidades do povo Tukum.
Knowledge, Risk Perception, and Preventive Measures of COVID-19 among Medical and Nursing students in Samoa: A Cross-Sectional Analysis
Authors: Olayemi Lawal , Alex- Abraham Jyothi , Yemoh Vicky , Samuelu-Matthes Maatasesa
Published: June 2021

Objectives: There has been unprecedented spread and re-evolving of the SARS-COV-2 throughout the world with the emergence of new strains of the virus. This study investigated the knowledge, risk perception and preventive measures of COVID-19 among Medical and Nursing Students in Samoa.
Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted from August to October 2020 at the NUS. The study was conducted using an online self-administered questionnaire, which was distributed on specific social media and interactive online platforms such as Facebook, WhatsApp and Moodle groups of Medical and Nursing students. A total of 75 students participated in this study.
Results: About 88% of the study subjects were knowledgeable about COVID-19 and majority of them were females. 71% of the students were aware of early diagnosis of COVID-19. There was  also a significant level (p=0.003) of association of COVID-19 in persons with underlying conditions and students’ academic levels, depicting that a greater percentage (92%) of the participants' perceived adults above age 65 and individuals in the high-risk groups (diabetic, hypertensive and cancer patients) were more prone to COVID-19. Most of the students (95%) stated that observing basic safety precautions; sneezing and coughing into the elbow (86%), regular hand washing with soap and water (89%), observing personal hygiene and social distancing (84%) and frequent use of hand sanitizers (76%), could prevent the contraction of COVID-19. 
Conclusion: Our findings suggested that medical and nursing students, who are future frontline healthcare workers in Samoa, showed a considerable level of knowledge, risk perception and preventive behaviour towards COVID-19. Additionally updating the students’ knowledge about the diagnosis and case management of COVID-19 is imperative when implementing proper preventive strategies to curtail the spread of the disease.
DIFFERENCES LEARNING OUTCOMES AT THE FOREHAND GROUNDSTROKES BEGINNER ATHLETES
Authors: Pujianto Dian
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this study was to determine the differences in the results of learning the skills of groundstrokes forehand tennis in novice athletes by using two different forms of learning media, namely demonstration media and video media. This research is an experimental research which was conducted in the city of Bengkulu in the province of Bengkulu in 2016. The population of this study was the 5th semester students who were new to tennis court, amounting to 20 students. The research sample used a total sample, the sample was divided into two groups, the first group used demonstration media and the second group used video media. Data were collected through tests and measurements of the skills of tennis groundstrokes. The results of data analysis with the t test with the SPSS 21 program show a coefficient of 0.048, this price is smaller than the coefficient of 0.05, so from this comparison it can be concluded that there is a difference in learning outcomes of tennis forehand grounstroke skills using demonstration media with media. video.
IMPACT OF COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON ORGANIZATION OF PROFESSIONAL FOOTBALL LEAGUE IN NIGERIA
Authors: Ajadi Memunat Tunrayo , Owolabi Abdulraheem Yinus , Kayode Falaye Elijah
Published: June 2021

Football is one of the major sports that contribute to the economic and social development of a community which requires effective organization. However, this study examined  impact of COVID-19 on the organization of professional football league in Nigeria. The objectives of this study were to: assess the relationship between a postponement of league and pay cut of wages of players on the organization of football league. The descriptive research design of survey type was used. The population comprised all registered players and sports administrators. A stratified and purposive sampling technique was used to select 100 respondents. Researcher-structured questionnaires were employed. The validity and reliability level of the instrument was through test re-test method using Pearson Product Moment Correlation (PPMC) and a co-efficient of 0.85r was obtained. The administration of the instrument was done by the researchers and research assistants. The data collected were analyzed using Pearson Product Moment Correlation. The result of the findings revealed that there was a significant relationship between a postponement of league and pay cut of wages and organization of professional football league in Nigeria. The study concluded that the league management and NFF should meet with other stakeholders to brainstorm the modalities on the resumption of the league in Nigeria.
Teaching Oral English In Indonesian EFL Contexts During Globalized Challenging Time
Authors: Abduh Amirullah , Rosmaladewi Rosmaladewi , Mahmud Murni
Published: June 2021

Abstract. This paper addresses the limited studies on Oral English (OE) worldwide and the absence of OE research publications from Indonesian contexts.  This study aims to fill this knowledge gap. This 6-month research project was undertaken in the Department of English Education at one of the public universities in Makassar, Indonesia. Out of 100 students, 30 student participants and 3 lecturers consented to engage voluntarily in the project. The data from questionnaires were analyzed via Ms. Excel's quantitative analysis thematically. The study indicates that students’ reflections on strategies of teaching OE: appropriate topic for presentation, logical sequence of presented information, and acknowledge the source of teaching materials. This study has the implication for the teaching of OE in other similar geographical contexts and settings and can be useful strategies for OE teachers and practitioners.Keywords: Perceptions, Students, Strategies, Teaching Oral English, EFL
Model of The Group Guidance Service Design Using The Cinema Therapy Method In Helping Student Achievement of Development Tasks
Authors: Sari Hesti Permata , Kasih Fitria , Usman Citra Imelda
Published: June 2021

The research objectives describe:1.The task profile of students' developmental achievement in class XI SMAN 3 Mukomuko. 2.Implementation of group guidance in helping the achievement of developmental tasks carried out by the Guidance and Counseling Teacher. 3.The group guidance service design model using the cinema therapy method in helping the achievement of student developmental tasks. This study uses a mixed method. Dataanalysis techniques for Development Task Inventory(ITP). While qualitative research,techniques used in data processing through data reduction,data presentation and conclusion drawing. Based on the results of research the following conclusions can be drawn:1.The profile of the task of achieving the development of students in class XI of SMAN 3 Mukomuko seen from the Inventory of Development Tasks is generally at the level of self-awareness. 2.Implementation of group guidance in assisting the achievement of developmental tasks carried out by the Guidance and Counseling Teacher,providing monotonous group guidance, discussions, homeroom. 3.Thedesign model of group guidance services using the cinema therapy method in helping the achievement of student developmental tasks. Based on the results of the research,it can be recommended that the Guidance and Counseling Teachers be able to apply the group guidance service design model using the cinema therapy method.
Penerapan Pembelajaran Inquiry Terbimbing Untuk Meningkatkan Motivasi Dan Hasil Belajar IPA Pada Materi Gaya Dan Hukum Newton Terhadap Siswa SMP Negeri 2 Tanete Riaja Kabupaten Barru
Authors: Masniah Masniah
Published: June 2021

This study aims to determine the motivation and learning outcomes of class VIII-3 students who are taught by a guided inquiry learning model on the material of Newton's Law and style. This research is a classroom action research consisting of two cycles. Each cycle consists of four stages including planning, acting, observing, and reflecting. In this study, there are two types of variables studied, namely: problem variables, namely motivation and science learning outcomes, and action variables, namely the application of guided inquiry learning. The instrument used to measure in this study was a motivation questionnaire instrument and a test sheet. The data analysis used was descriptive statistics. The results of this study indicate that the application of Guided Inquiry learning can improve motivation and science learning outcomes in Newtonian force and law material for class VIII-3 students of SMP Negeri 2 Tanete Riaja.
Peningkatan Hasil Belajar IPA Melalui Model Pembelajaran Auditory Intellectually Repetition (AIR) Pada Siswa Kelas IX 1
Authors: Resyani Resyani
Published: June 2021

This study aims to improve science learning outcomes in class IX.1 students of SMP Negeri 1 Mallusetasi through the Auditory Intellectually Repetition (AIR) learning model for class IX.1 students of SMP Negeri 1 Mallusetasi. This type of research is a classroom action research which includes four stages, namely: planning, implementing the action, observing and reflecting. The results showed that based on data on student learning outcomes, students who completed according to the KKM in science subjects at the school were 88.89% or as many as 24 students. Thus, it has fulfilled the classical success indicator, which is 75%.
Perbedaan Kompetensi Profesional Guru Matematika SD Melalui KKG Yang Dibina Meqip Dengan Yang Tidak Dibina Meqip Di Kabupaten Barru
Authors: Karliati Hj
Published: June 2021

This study aimed at discovering the degree of  professional competence of elementary school’s mathematics teacher through Team Work Teachers (TWT) which trained and untrained by MEQIP, and also at examining to what extend the difference of professional competence level of elementary school;s mathematics teacher through TWT which trained and untrained by MEQIP at Barru. This study was descriptive and inferential research.The data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics analysis and inferential statistcs analysis. The result of the level of professional competence of elementary school’s mahtematics teachers by TWT not by MEQIP was in average category, and likewise, teachers’ competence in mastering advance program required serious attention because. The level of professional competence of elementary school’s mathematics TWT trained by MEQIP was in good category, and teachers’ competence in compiling program of elementary school was undoubted because need tobe improved by giving sufficient facilities.
AKULTURASI SENI PERANAKAN TIONGHOA-MAKASSAR
Authors: Sari Helvi Mei , Sudirman Feby Dehmi , Sofyan Sofyan
Published: June 2021

This study is a qualitative study using objective approach. Research objectives of this study are describing the historical background of Chinese in Makassar and acculturation of Makassarese Chinese in the field of art. The data is collected through interview, observations, and review of literature. In processing the data, there are three techniques used: (1) Data Reduction; (2) Display Data; and (3) Conclusion Drawing and Verification. The results of the study reveal that Chinese came to Indonesia since centuries ago during dynastic war in Cina. They came in Makssar during Dinasti Tang on 15th. They came gradually and began to settle in Makassar during the reign of Kerajaan Gowa. This was the beginning of acculturation. At the time, they mingle with indigenous people and began to pursue various fields, including in art and culture. In music, one of Chinese named Ho Eng Djie was famous for his songs such as Amma Ciang or Atti Raja. In addition, a Chinese writer was famous with his work, Pantoen Melajoe Makassar.
PEREMPUAN BERTATO (STUDI MAKNA SIMBOLIK TATO DI KOTA MAKASSAR)
Authors: Pangestika Widya Okta , Irwansyah Idham , S.M Mario
Published: June 2021

This study aims to determinan (1)the factors that cause womwn to use tattoos. (2) The symbolic meaning of  tattoo images in tattoed women.This type of research is qualitatiive by determining the subject through the snowball sampling technique. The date collection techniques used were observation, interview and  documentation, which were used to obtain concrete data related to problem in this study. The date obtained in this study were analyzed with qualitative descriptive analysis.The results of the study indicate that: (1). The factors that cause tattooed women to use tattoos include: a) internal factors, including interests and self-expression. b) external factors, including the enironment and idol figures. (2). The symbolic meaning of tattoo images in tattooed women include: a) as hope, b) as expression, c) as identity.