bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
OPTIMIZATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ION ACTIVATED OCULAR IN-SITU GEL FORMULATION FOR BACTERIAL CONJUNCTIVITIS
Authors: KAPOOR ANKITA , GUPTA G. D.
Published: July 2020

Objective: The present research work aims at describing the formulation, optimization and evaluation of ion activated ocular in-situ gel of gatifloxacin for treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis so as to overcome patient inconvenience, precorneal drug elimination, variation in efficacy, vision blurring and frequent instillation associated with conventional eye drops and ointments.

Methods: In-situ gel was prepared using gellan gum as an ion activated phase transition polymer and HPMC K100M as release retardant. Gatifloxacin was characterized by spectrophotometry. Crystalline state of the drug was determined using X Ray Diffraction study. The developed formulation exhibited instantaneous gel formation in simulated lacrimal fluid (pH 7.4), which was further evaluated for its rheology, irritancy parameters, in vitro release, trans-corneal permeation and antimicrobial activity.

Results: Gatifloxacin exhibited λmax 286 nm obeying Beer Lambert’s law and pH-dependent solubility at a pH range of 2 to 4. 0.6% gellan gum and 0.4% HPMC K100M were optimized in the formulation which exhibited a viscosity of 55 cps in sol form and 325 cps in gel form with pseudoplastic behavior and prolonged in vitro release. Permeation of formulation was 75.8% in 7 h with log P of drug 0.59. Developed isotonic and non-irritant formulation had a lower apparent permeability coefficient of 8.15 x 10-5 cm/sec as compared to marketed formulation.

Conclusion: A Formulation can be viewed as an efficacious medicine by virtue of its higher zone of inhibition, ability to enhance precorneal residence time and consequently ocular bioavailability with lesser frequency of administration attributed to slow and prolonged diffusion of the drug from the polymeric solutions.
Real-world switch patterns and healthcare costs in biologic-naive psoriasis patients initiating apremilast or biologics
Authors: Wu Jashin J , Pelletier Corey , Ung Brian , Tian Marc , Khilfeh Ibrahim , Curtis Jeffrey R
Published: July 2020

Aim:
Treatment switching and healthcare costs were compared among biologic-naive psoriasis patients initiating apremilast or biologics with ≥12 months pre-/post-index continuous enrollment in Optum Clinformatics™ Data Mart.
Methods:
After propensity score matching, switch rates (new therapy post-index) and days between index and switch were assessed. Total and per-patient per-month costs by service type were assessed.
Results:
Apremilast initiators (n = 533) were matched and compared with biologic initiators (n = 955). Twelve-month cumulative switch rates and days to switch were similar. Apremilast initiators had significantly lower total healthcare costs than biologic initiators; apremilast switchers and nonswitchers had significantly lower per-patient per-month costs than biologic switchers and nonswitchers, driven mainly by reduced outpatient pharmacy costs.
Conclusion:
Apremilast initiators had lower healthcare costs even with treatment switching.
Sanciones administrativas como mecanismo anticorrupción: el caso de México a nivel federal, 2005-2008
Authors: Arellano Gault David , Lepore Walter , Aguilar Israel
Published: July 2020

Las sanciones a los servidores públicos con el fin de detectar tanto fallas o errores en su accionar como actos de corrupción son, sin duda, un instrumento de vigilancia básico en cualquier democracia. Para ello, sin embargo, se deben considerar los retos organizacionales y de estrategia que la implementación de estos instrumentos implica. Es decir, la simple existencia de la norma no es suficiente pues el detalle estará en para qué y cómo se utilizan estos instrumentos para lograr sus objetivos (reducir la incapacidad administrativa y la corrupción por ejemplo). Este artículo presenta un primer esfuerzo por analizar las sanciones aplicadas a los servidores públicos federales en México de 2005 a 2008, con el fin de estudiar e identificar si existen criterios básicos a través de los cuales el gobierno federal mexicano está utilizando este instrumental de control y supervisión. La conclusión básica es que no existe, aparentemente, una estrategia explicita que defina criterios básicos y uniformes para la aplicación de estas sanciones, por tanto dejando muy endeble la lucha contra la corrupción o la mejora administrativa a través de estos instrumentos.
Gestión de la tecnología: una exploración del uso de las redes sociales en los gobiernos estatales de México
Authors: Sandoval-Almazán Rodrigo , Gil-García J. Ramón
Published: July 2020

La influencia de la tecnología en la administración pública ha marcado una nueva etapa para los gobiernos del mundo. La estrategia conocida como Gobierno Electrónico, ha impactado en distinta medida la forma de organizar las oficinas públicas, la relación con los ciudadanos y la estructura de la administración pública en sus distintos niveles. Sin embargo, este impacto no se ha medido suficientemente y existe escasa evidencia a este respecto. Uno de los elementos más innovadores en esta transformación del gobierno es el uso de redes sociales. El impacto de estas plataformas – como Twitter y Facebook– en la comunicación y operaciones del gobierno ha dado un giro en la manera en que las Tecnologías de Información y Comunicación han modificado la relación ciudadano-gobierno. El objetivo de este artículo es entender qué tanto se utilizan dichas plataformas en los 32 portales estatales mexicanos y observar de qué forma ha evolucionado su uso entre 2010 y 2011.
¿Qué transparencia requiere el gobierno abierto?
Authors: Mariñez Navarro Freddy
Published: July 2020

Este artículo aborda la transparencia desde la perspectiva del Gobierno Abierto. Se analizan los nuevos enfoques de la transparencia producto de los procesos y reformas de la gestión pública así como de los avances de las Tecnologías de Información y Comunicación (TICs). De esta manera, el Gobierno Abierto como modelo de gestión y visto como plataforma de democracia colaborativa se convierte en el contexto fundamental de la transparencia. En dos puntos explicamos esta relación. Primeramente, nos aproximamos al concepto del Gobierno Abierto, haciendo un mapeo de las definiciones que han surgido últimamente y sus implicaciones tanto en la colaboración, participación y transparencia. Seguido, nos adentramos a la nueva propuesta de transparencia con la siguiente interrogante: ¿qué transparencia necesita el Gobierno Abierto?
¿Puede la nueva gestión pública fortalecer la transparencia gubernamental?: el caso de la gestión del desempeño
Authors: Velasco Sánchez Ernesto
Published: July 2020

El artículo indaga sobre si las reformas estilo Nueva Gestión Pública (NGP) y aquellas orientadas a fomentar la transparencia en el sector público son compatibles, es decir, si se refuerzan mutuamente o son contradictorias. Para ello se propone analizar las sinergias y las tensiones que existen entre la transparencia y una de las herramientas más utilizadas dentro del arsenal de la NGP: la gestión del desempeño. Para ello se presentan diferentes formas entender la idea de transparencia y se identifican distintas estrategias adoptadas por la gestión del desempeño. A continuación se identifican sinergias y potenciales contradicciones entre gestión por resultados y transparencia. Se concluye que la relación entre estos conceptos es altamente contextual, es decir, depende del tipo de organización del que se trate, de las actitudes que adopten los actores involucrados y de cuándo y cómo se publique la información sobre el desempeño. De allí que se enfatice la necesidad de diseñar tanto los regímenes de transparencia y como de gestión de desempeño que respondan de manera adecuada a contextos y necesidades específicos.
Controle interno em municípios brasileiros: uma análise das controladorias-gerais dos municípios diante do modelo da Controladoria-Geral da União
Authors: Meirelles Toledo Cruz Maria Do Carmo , Claussen Spinelli Mário Vinícius , Barbosa Silva Thomaz Anderson , Teixeira Carvalho Marco Antonio
Published: July 2020

La obligatoriedad de instituir un sistema de control interno en los municipios está establecida en la Constitución Federal Brasilera. Recientemente, e, inspirados posiblemente en el modelo de la Controladoria Geral da União (CGU), algunos municipios han creado contralorías para cumplir con el papel de unidad de control interno a nivel local. El presente trabajo analiza el rol que viene siendo desempeñando por esas contralorías, tomando como base el modelo implementado en el Gobierno Federal. El trabajo se realizó con base en un cuestionario de preguntas abiertas y cerradas, que fue enviado directamente a 34 municipios que cuentan con Contraloría General Municipal (CGM). Se concluyó, por un lado, que el papel desempeñado por la CGU desde su creación y la diseminación de su modelo a los municipios brasileros es todavía incipiente, y por otro lado, que las contralorías necesitan avanzar en el cumplimiento de la LAI y en la divulgación de sus actividades
Laboratorios de innovación para cambiar la gestión pública: análisis del caso novagob.lab
Authors: Criado J. Ignacio , Rojas-Martín Francisco , Silván Aitor
Published: July 2020

Los laboratorios de innovación (innovation labs o living labs) son espaciosdiseñados para promover la transformación de la gestión pública. Esteartículo se acerca a los laboratorios de innovación pública mediante unestudio de caso: NovaGob Lab, Laboratorio de Gobierno para la InnovaciónPúbica, el primero de este tipo creado en España. Así, a partir del análisisde una comunidad de innovación en el ámbito de la planificaciónestratégica para el sector público, se contrasta el potencial de este tipode instrumentos para desarrollar innovaciones en la gestión pública,mediante la aplicación de metodologías experimentales y la utilizaciónde dinámicas de co-creación y colaboración en las organizaciones, entreactores internos y externos. En definitiva, se extraen conclusiones deinterés para entender las implicaciones de los laboratorios de innovaciónpara cambiar las administraciones públicas, comprender las nuevas vías deco-creación con la ciudadanía en la solución de los problemas sociales, asícomo contextualizar el nuevo paradigma de gobernanza inteligente en lagestión pública.
Ä¤adÄ«Å AÄ¥Äd Sebagai Sumber Hukum Islam (Pemikiran Imam al-SarakhsÄ« dan Imam al-GhazÄlÄ«, Pendekatan Epistemologi)
Authors: Sabil Jabbar , Juliana Juliana
Published: July 2020

Ä¤adÄ«Å aÄ¥Äd is one of the sources of Islamic law. But in practice, the scholars set different conditions as seen in the thoughts of Imam al-SarakhsÄ« and Imam al-GhazÄlÄ«. Therefore, this study examines the nature of Ä¥adÄ«Å aÄ¥Äd according to both Imams, and their views on the criteria for the use of Ä¥adÄ«Å aÄ¥Äd as the source of Islamic law. This research is done by epistemology approach which is part of a study of philosophy science. The technique of completion of research data is done by library research with the method of data analysis, that is a research according to the contents of both Imam. The data analysis is done by the comparative descriptive method that is, to find the relation between thinking with the same thing with equation and difference which is related to Ä¥adÄ«Å aÄ¥Äd as the source of Islamic law. So the author comes to the conclusion of both Imams mentioned that Ä¥adÄ«Å aÄ¥Äd is obliged to be practiced but doesnâ€™t produce knowledge.The opposite side of their opinion is on the terms of practice. Imam al-SarakhsÄ« presupposes the fakih narrator, while Imam al-GhazÄlÄ« doesnâ€™t because according to him the condition of the transmigrants is not realistic and complicates the practice.The analysis of the metaphysical example of Ä¥adÄ«Å aÄ¥Äd fi'liyyah about Ä¥adÄ«Å yellow in the morning prayers indicates that in the Ä¥adÄ«Å the metaphysical condition of the jurists doesnâ€™t increase the probability to certainty, and the absence of the fakih narrator doesnâ€™t diminish its worth. Thus, the practice of Ä¥adÄ«Å aÄ¥Äd is sufficient at the level of probability, so the thought of Imam al-SarakhsÄ« and Imam al-GhazÄlÄ« being complementary is not a contradiction.
Recomendaciones de diagnóstico y tratamiento del ataque cerebrovascular isquémico agudo durante la contingencia por covid-19
Authors: Amaya Pablo , Bayona Hernán , Folleco Edgar , Martínez Carlos , Coral Juliana , Roa Wandurraga Luis Fernando , Rivera Carlos , Patiño-Rodríguez Hernán Mauricio , Vergara Erika , Villarraga Alejandro , Florez Alejandro , Celis Jorge , Betancourt Ayala Andrés Mauricio , Mantilla Barbosa Diana Katherine , Schroeder Natalia , Jaramillo Eugenia , Meza Nohemí , Muñoz Mario , Pérez-Romero Germán
Published: July 2020

INTRODUCCIÓN.
El tiempo es un factor importante en el tratamiento del ACV agudo, con la pandemia de covid-19 se puede ver afectada la adherencia a las guías. Se han reportado tasas de ACV en presencia de covid-19 alrededor del 5%, además un aumento en el tiempo de consulta de los pacientes en otras regiones del mundo y una mayor ocupación de camas de UCI para patologías respiratorias que usualmente se destinan a pacientes con ACV.
Este documento recoge las recomendaciones del comité de Enfermedad Cerebrovascular de la Asociación Colombiana de Neurología basados en la literatura y votadas por consenso.

OBJETIVOS.
Proporcionar una guía rápida adaptada a los diferentes escenarios de atención de ACV en Colombia, divididos en centro listo, primario y avanzado incluyendo una ruta de atención para paciente con sospecha de covid-19 denominada Código ACV protegido, que incluye el uso de elementos de protección personal para pacientes y personal de salud.

PUNTOS PRINCIPALES.
Dentro de las recomendaciones principales está el cuestionario de tamizaje al ingreso a urgencias, uso de tapabocas para el paciente, considerar todo Código ACV sospechoso de covid-19, toma de PCR para covid-19 en todos los ACV y llevar a zona buffer. En sospecha de oclusión proximal incluir tomo-grafía de tórax a la evaluación de imágenes.

CONCLUSIONES.
Establecer pautas de atención durante la pandemia covid-19 permite optimizar protección para pacientes y personal de salud, disminuir retrasos y tratar de evitar que pacientes no reciban el tratamiento adecuado en los diferentes niveles de atención del sistema de salud.
ANTITHROMBOCYTOPENIA ACTIVITY OF PEANUT SHELL (Arachis hypogea L.) EXTRACT AND INFUSA ON HEPARIN INDUCED BALB/C MICE
Authors: Fithria Risha Fillah , Wulandari Ririn Lispita , Hidayati Devi Nisa , Annisa Pia , Putri Nilam Eka
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT

Certain group of people empirically use peanut shell stew in the treatment of thrombocytopenia due to dengue fever. The active compounds suspected to play a role in the activity of thrombocytopenia from peanut shell are flavonoids. Flavonoids can be extracted using heat and cold methods. This study aims to determine the antithrombocytopenia activity of peanut shell extract and infusa on heparin induced Balb/C mice. This study is an experimental research with randomized matched pre and postest control group design. Peanut shell extraction was done in a cool way by maseration using 70% ethanol solvent, and hot way by infundation using aquadest solvent. Forty-eight Balb/C mice were divided into 8 groups consisting of control group CMC Na 0.5 mL/20gBW/day, control group aquadest 0,5mL/20gBW/day, 3 groups of peanut shell ethanol extract (0.019, 0.038, and 0.076) g/20gBW/day, and 3 groups of peanut shell infusa (0.026, 0.052; 0.104) g/20gBW/day. All treatments were given orally. The decrease of platelet count in Balb/C mice using 26 UI/20gBW subcutan heparin induction. The measurement of the platelet count is performed by taking blood samples in the lateral veins of the tail. Platelet counts data before and after treatment was tested with dependent T-test. Differences in platelet increases across the groups were tested by 2 way anova and continued with a LSD test with 95% confidence level. The results showed that peanut shell ethanol extract had better antitrombocytopenia activity than peanut shell infusa.
Urgensi Perumusan Perbuatan Memperdagangkan Pengaruh sebagai Tindak Pidana Korupsi
Authors: Sembiring Imentari Siin , Sudarti Elly , Najemi Andi
Published: July 2020

This article discusses the act of trading in influence as a form of corruption as regulated in the United Nations Convention Against Corruption (UNCAC) but has not been implemented into Indonesian criminal law even though it was ratified in 2006. Trading in influence is a form of trilateral relationship of corruption which involves at least three parties, namely an influential party, a party that has the authority, and an interest. This article concludes, the formulation of trading influence as a criminal act of corruption is urgent in three aspects. First, the regulation in national law is a form of transformation of UNCAC provisions that have been ratified. Second, several cases of corruption so far, as in the two cases discussed here, actually show a form of trading in influence, even though law enforcement is imposed with bribery. Third, efforts to impose actors of trading in influence with the bribery Article as so far, are actually limited to actors who are state administrators or civil servants; in the event that the actor is not part of the two, the subjective elements of bribery Article are not fulfilled. Therefore, in the future criminal law policy, it is necessary to accommodate the formulation of trading in influence as a criminal act of corruption, in this case offered through the revision of the Corruption Eradication Act.

Abstrak

Artikel ini membahas perbuatan memperdagangkan pengaruh sebagai salah satu bentuk korupsi sebagaimana diatur dalam United Nations Convention Against Corruption (UNCAC) namun belum diimplementasikan dalam hukum pidana Indonesia meski telah diratifikasi pada 2006. Memperdagangkan pengaruh sebagai bentuk trilateral relationship merupakan bentuk korupsi yang melibatkan sedikitnya tiga pihak, yaitu pihak yang berpengaruh, pihak yang memiliki kewenangan, serta pihak yang memiliki kepentingan. Artikel ini menyimpulkan, perumusan perbuatan memperdagangkan pengaruh sebagai tindak pidana korupsi urgen dalam tiga hal. Pertama, pengaturannya dalam hukum nasional merupakan bentuk dari transformasi ketentuan UNCAC yang sudah diratifikasi. Kedua, beberapa kasus korupsi selama ini, sebagaimana dalam dua kasus yang dibahas di sini, sebenarnya menunjukkan adanya bentuk memperdagangkan pengaruh, sekalipun pada akhirnya dijerat penegak hukum dengan suap. Ketiga, upaya menjerat pelaku memperdagangkan pengaruh dengan Pasal tentang suap sebagaimana yang selama ini dikenakan, sesungguhnya terbatas pada pelaku yang merupakan penyelenggara negara atau pegawai negeri; dalam hal pelaku bukan bagian dari keduanya maka unsur subjektif dari Pasal suap tidak terpenuhi. Karena itu, dalam kebijakan hukum pidana ke depan, perlu diakomodasi perumusan memperdagangkan pengaruh sebagai tindak pidana korupsi, dalam hal ini didorong melalui revisi Undang-Undang Pemberantasan Tindak Pidana Korupsi.
Molecular Diagnosis of Schistosomiasis in Feces Samples From Napu Valley Community of Poso Regency, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Indang Nur
Published: July 2020

Schistosomiasis is infection caused by Schistosoma worms. Schistosomiasis in Indonesia caused by a worm of Schistosoma japonicum, which is an endemic disease and it is only found in Central selawesi, in high land of Napu Valley, Lindu, and Bada villages. Prevalence of schistosomiasis during 2001-2010 experienced fluctuation, which the lowest prevalence was in 2003, it was 0.70%, and the highest prevalence was in 2010, it was 5.68%. In 2012, the proportion of schistosomiasis case in Napu was 1.44%. From 15 Sub-districts examined in Napu Highland area, there were 12 sub-districts which had the prevalence above the WHO standard of 1%. Routine inspection was conducted by the Department of Health-Central Sulawesi microscopically based on Kato-Katz method. Target of this study is to find out comparation accuration data resulted from molecular examination by PCR method, compare to the results of microscopic examination based on Kato-Katz method. This research was an observational descriptive research. Molecular examination by PCR method was done using primers sequencing of forward 5’-TCT AAT GCT ATT GGT TTG AGT-3’ and reverse 5’-TTC CTT ATT TTC ACA AGG TGA-3’. The target umplification was DNA of SjR2 gene, at 230 bp band. Preserved feces samples was done using ethanol 96% at Dodolo village, that have been previously examined microscopically using Kato-Katz method. Based on microscopic examination on 70 samples, 19 sample was positive infected by the worm of S japonicum, and 51 sample of them was  shown negative result. Upon further investigation molecularly by PCR, there were 40 people positively detected for infection by the worm S. japonicum, which was shown by appearing on the target band of 230 bp, while 30 others samples were declared negatively. Molecular examination data showed two times more likely in detecting schistosomiasis, compared to microscopic examination by the Kato-Katz method. Our data also showed that Molecular examination using PCR method can be used for 70-96% ethanol-preserved facel samples.
Prognostic model of clinical scores in evaluation of treatment outcome in patients with acute Achilles tendon rupture - surgery vs. immobilization
Authors: Ille Mihailo , Milosevic Ivan , Ilic Marko , Matic Sladjana , Tabakovic Dejan , Elbors Dusan , Parapid Biljana , Lugonja Sofija
Published: July 2020

Introduction/Objective. When choosing the appropriate treatment for Achilles tendon rupture, there may be a dilemma when choosing the optimal treatment. The objective of this study was analyzing groups of patients with acute closed Achilles tendon injury, comparing early recovery and functional parameters in relation to treatment and first choice treatment suggestion. Methods. The prospective study included 80 patients with acute Achilles tendon rupture. The treatment was surgery or immobilization. Results. There is a difference in the mechanism of injury between surgically and non-surgically treated (p = 0.026). In total, 50 (62.5%) patients were operated and 30 (37.5%) patients were treated with circular plaster. The difference (p = 0.000) between the groups in the duration of treatment, The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) score and Visual Analogue Scale of pain (VAS) was shown. Patients undergoing surgery in the first two days had better clinical results in terms of The Achilles tendon Total Rupture score (ATRS), AOFAS and VAS. Higher satisfaction was achieved in younger people (p = 0.036). Patients whose treatment lasted shorter were more satisfied with their status (p = 0.001). ATRS and AOFAS score are higher in patients who are more satisfied with their own status (ATRS p = 0.301; AOFAS score p = 0.001). Six months after the treatment, 78.75% (63/80) of patients were fully functional. Conclusion. The therapy of choice in the treatment of acute Achilles tendon rupture is surgical, as surgical treatment is shorter; rehabilitation is faster and shorter, and the total costs associated with treatment and absence from work are lower.
Recognition versus Disclosure and Audit Fees and Costs: Evidence from Pension Accounting in Japan
Authors: Kusano Masaki , Sakuma Yoshihiro
Published: July 2020

Statement No. 26, Accounting Standard for Retirement Benefits, requires Japanese firms to recognize previously off-balance sheet pension liabilities on their balance sheets. We explore auditors' responses to recognized versus disclosed pension liabilities in the Japanese audit market. We use a pre-Statement No. 26 versus post-Statement No. 26 setting to analyze whether and how disclosed versus recognized pension information affects audit fees and costs. We show that disclosed pension liabilities are processed similarly to recognized previously off-balance sheet pension liabilities when audit fees are determined. However, we find that associations with audit costs differ between disclosed and recognized pension liabilities. We also find that audit costs' differential relations with disclosed and recognized pension liabilities are particularly pronounced for firms with a large pension plan deficit. Overall, our results suggest that auditors scrutinize recognized amounts more closely than disclosed financial information, thereby increasing the reliability of accounting information.

JEL Classifications: M41; M42; M48.
Decreased Antihyperglycemic Drug Use Driven by High Out-of-Pocket Costs Despite Medicare Coverage Gap Closure
Authors: Gokhale Mugdha , Dusetzina Stacie B. , Pate Virginia , Chun Danielle S. , Buse John B. , Stürmer Til , Gower Emily W.
Published: July 2020

OBJECTIVE

Using the 2016 Medicare Part D coverage gap as an example, we explored effects of increased out-of-pocket costs on adherence to branded dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors (DPP-4i) in patients without financial subsidies relative to subsidized patients who do not experience increased spending during the gap. We also explored seasonality of reinitiation, because discontinuers may be more likely to reinitiate in January when benefits reset.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

We identified DPP-4i or sulfonylurea initiators, aged ≥66 years, from a 20% sample of 2015–2016 Medicare claims. Difference-in-differences Poisson regression was used to compare adherence before and after entering the coverage gap between nonsubsidized and subsidized patients. Among discontinuers, monthly hazard ratios (HRs) for reinitiation relative to January 2016 were derived with Cox models. As a second control, we repeated analyses using sulfonylureas, generic low-cost alternatives.

RESULTS

In 2016, 8,096 subsidized and 6,173 nonsubsidized DPP-4i initiators entered the coverage gap. For nonsubsidized patients, copayment in the coverage gap was 45% ($227 per DPP-4i prescription), and adherence decreased from 68.4% to 49.0% after gap entry. Accounting for adherence differences in subsidized patients, nonsubsidized patients demonstrated reduced adherence to DPP-4i (difference-in-difference: −16.9%; 95% CI −18.7%, −15.1%) but not sulfonylureas (−1.6%; 95% CI −3.4%, 0.2%). Reinitiation was lowest in the months before January (HR 0.4–0.5) among nonsubsidized DPP-4i patients, demonstrating a strong seasonal pattern.

CONCLUSIONS

Increased out-of-pocket costs negatively affect adherence and reinitiation of branded antihyperglycemic drugs among patients without financial subsidies. Despite closure of the coverage gap, affordability remains a concern given increasing list prices for many drugs on Medicare and the growing use of deductibles and coinsurance by commercial health plans.
Physical and mechanical characterization of dissimilar laser welded joints of AISI 316/Cu/SMA using fiber laser technology
Authors: Chatterjee Suman , Mahapatra Siba Sankar , Arora Kanwer Singh , Behera Ajit
Published: July 2020

The present study explores an experimental investigation of dissimilar welding of austenitic stainless steel (AISI 316) with nitinol (NiTi) plates by inserting copper (Cu) as an interlayer using a fiber laser system. The presence of copper influences controlling the formation of brittle intermetallic compounds forming compounds of copper with iron, titanium, and nickel. The weldments are examined to understand the physical and mechanical properties of the joints. A micrograph study of welded joints shows a crack-free surface and reveals the nature of solidification in the weld zone. The analysis of pores in the weldment indicates the presence of 1.89%, 2.26%, and 6.32% of pores in the weld zone area of three different weldment samples, 1, 2, and 3, respectively, and the obtained porosity percentage was quite satisfactory. The insertion of copper helps in attaining the welded joints bearing a tensile strength of 219.74 MPa. The failure of the welded joint shows a mixed nature of fracture. This study suggests that the presence of an interlayer during joining of dissimilar materials provides stable, crack-free, and less brittle joints as compared to joining of dissimilar materials without an interlayer.

The author of the article agrees to the retraction of the article effective JULY 12, 2021.
EFEK ANTIINFLAMASI EKSTRAK ETANOL KULIT KACANG TANAH (Arachis hypogaea L.) PADA TIKUS PUTIH JANTAN GALUR WISTAR YANG DIINDUKSI KARAGENIN
Authors: Haryoto Haryoto
Published: July 2020

Kulit kacang tanah mengandung luteolin yang berpotensi sebagai antiinflamasi secara in vitro dan in vivo. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek antiinflamasi ekstrak etanol kulit kacang tanah (Arachis hypogaea L.) pada tikus jantan galur Wistar yang diinduksi karagenin Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap pola searah. Dua puluh lima ekor tikus putih jantan galur Wistar dibagi menjadi 5 kelompok. Kontrol negatif menggunakan CMC-Na 0,5% 2,5 mL/200 gBB, kontrol positif menggunakan Na-diklofenak 6,75 mg/kgBB. Ekstrak etanol kulit kacang tanah yang diujikan yaitu dosis 50, 100 dan 200 mg/kgBB. Larutan uji diberikan secara peroral dengan volume pemberian 2,5 mL/200 gBB 1 jam sebelum kaki hewan uji diradangkan dengan karagenin 1% secara subplantar. Pengukuran volume kaki tikus dilakukan tiap 0,5 jam selama 6 jam. Data volume udem dihitung nilai AUC (Area Under the Curve) rata-rata volume udem terhadap waktu dan persen daya antiinflamasi. Data dianalisis dengan anava satu jalan dan dilanjutkan uji LSD (Least Significant Difference) dengan taraf kepercayaan 95%.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol etanol kulit kacang tanah (Arachis hypogae L.) dengan dosis 50, 100 dan 200 mg/kgBB mempunyai persen daya antiinflamasi berturut-turut sebesar 16,33%; 26,39% dan 31,70%, sedangkan Na-diklofenak 6,75 mg/kgBB sebesar 32,24%.Kata kunci: kulit kacang tanah (Arachis hypogaea L.), ekstrak etanol, antiinflamasi
SINTESIS SENYAWA ANALOG KURKUMIN 3,5-BIS-(4’-HIDROKSI-3’-METOKSI BENZILIDIN)-PIPERIDIN 4-ON (MONOHIDRAT HIDROKLORIDA) DENGAN KATALIS HCl
Authors: Da'i Muhammad
Published: July 2020

Kurkumin merupakan senyawa yang mempunyai aktivitas biologis sebagai antialzheimer, antiinflamasi, antioksidan, antikanker dan anti-HIV. Stabilitas kurkumin dipengaruhi oleh pH lingkungan dan cahaya karena ada gugus metilen aktif pada β-diketon. Oleh karena itu, dibutuhkan modifikasi gugus β-diketon menjadi gugus monoketon untuk menghilangkan gugus metilen aktif sehingga dapat meningkatkan stabilitas dari analog kurkumin. Berdasar analisis tersebut dapat dikembangkan sintesis analog kurkumin 3,5-bis-(4׳-hidroksi-3׳-metoksi-benzilidin)-piperidin-4-on monohidrat hidroklorida dari reaksi kondensasi aldol antara starting material vanilin dan piperidin 4-on monohidrat hidroklorida dengan katalis asam (HCl). Metode sintesis dioptimasi dari perbandingan perubahan suhu dan pH sedangkan analisis senyawa hasil sintesis dilakukan secara kualitatif. Analisis tersebut antara lain, perubahan warna, KLT-densitometri, spektrofotometri UV-Vis, dan LC-ESI-MS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pada metode sintesis refluks dengan suhu 80-90 oC, perbandingan mol 2:1 (mmol), dan pH 2 dapat disintesis senyawa analog kurkumin 3,5-bis-(4׳-hidroksi-3׳-metoksi-benzilidin)-piperidin-4-on monohidrat hidroklorida. Identifikasi senyawa tersebut diperoleh dari perubahan warna menjadi orange, hasil KLT terdapat spot baru yang berfluorosensi, hasil spektrofotometri UV-Vis terjadi batochromic shift, dan hasil LC-ESI-MS terdapat ion molekul yang sama dengan BM molekul target.  Kata kunci: analog kurkumin 3,5-bis-(4’-hidroksi-3’-metoksi-benzilidin) piperidin 4-on monohidrat hidroklorida, katalis HCl, kondensasi aldol, spektrofometri UV-Vis,  LC-ESI-MS
PGV-0 AND PGV-1 INCREASED APOPTOSIS INDUCTION OF DOXORUBICIN ON MCF-7 BREAST CANCER CELLS
Authors: Meiyanto Edy
Published: July 2020

As chemotherapeutic backbone for breast cancer therapy, doxorubicin showed various side effects and induced resistancy of breast cancer cells. Development of targeted therapy on breast cancer focused on combinatorial therapy of doxorubicin and molecular targeted agents. PGV-0 and PGV-1, a curcumin analogue showed potency as co-chemotherapeutic agent with doxorubicin. Our previous study of PGV-0 and PGV-1 showed cytotoxic activity in T47D cells. Therefore, the aim of this research is to examine the synergistic effect of PGV-0, PGV-1 on the cytotoxic activity of doxorubicin through cell cycle modulation and apoptotic induction on MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines. The cytotoxic assay of PGV-0, PGV-1, doxorubicin, and their combination were carried out by using MTT assay. Cell cycle distribution and apoptosis were determined by flowcytometer FACS-Calibur and the flowcytometry data was analyzed using Cell Quest program. Single treatment of PGV-0, PGV-1 and doxorubicin showed cytotoxic effect on MCF-7 with cell viability IC50 value 50 µM, 6 µM and 350 nM respectively. Single treatment of Doxorubicin 175 nM induced G2/M arrest. Single treatment of PGV-0 5 µM induced G2/M arrest while in higher dose 12.5  µM, PGV-0 induced apoptosis. Combination of doxorubicin 175 nM and PGV-0 5 µM induced apoptosis. Combination of doxorubicin 175 nM and PGV-0 12.5 µM also increased apoptosis induction. Single treatment of PGV-1 0.6 µM induced G1 arrest while in higher dose 1.5  µM, PGV-1 induced apoptosis. Combination of doxorubicin 175 nM and PGV-1 0.6 µM induced apoptosis. Combination of doxorubicin 175 nM and PGV-0 1.5 µM also increased apoptosis induction. PGV-0 and PGV-1 are potential to be delevoped as co-chemotherapeutic agent for breast cancer by inducing apoptosis and cell cycle modulation, but the molecular mechanism need to be explored detail.  Key words: PGV-0, PGV-1, doxorubicin, co-chemotherapy, breast cancer, cell cycle arrest, apoptosis
EKSTRAK ETANOLIK DAUN Gynura procumbens (Luor) Merr. MENGHAMBAT PROLIFERASI SEL KANKER PAYUDARA TIKUS PADA KARSINOGENESIS YANG DIINDUKSI DENGAN dimetilbenz(a)antrazena (DMBA)
Authors: Meiyanto Edy
Published: July 2020

Penelitian sebelumnya  menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanolik daun Gynura procumbens dapat menghambat pertumbuhan tumor payudara tikus yang diinduksi DMBA. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek ekstrak etanolik daun Sambung nyawa (Gynura procumbens (Luor) Merr) pada proliferasi sel kanker payudara tikus yang diinduksi dengan Dimetilbenz(a)antrazena (DMBA). Enam puluh ekor tikus betina galur SD umur 6 minggu dibagi menjadi 6 kelompok yaitu tanpa perlakuan, perlakuan DMBA saja dan empat kelompok perlakuan DMBA+ekstrak. Inisiasi DMBA dilakukan dengan dosis 20 mg/kgBB yang diberikan sebanyak 10 kali dengan frekuensi pemberian 2 kali setiap minggu. Mulai minggu ke-1 (post I) atau ke-6 (post II) kelompok perlakuan mendapat ekstrak etanolik daun Gynura procumbens dalam CMC 0,5 % seminggu 3 kali melalui oral dengan dosis 250 mg/kgBB dan 750 mg/kgBB. Pada minggu ke-16 tikus dikorbankan, jaringan payudara diambil untuk dibuat preparat histologi dengan teknik pewarnaan silver (AgNOR). Mean AgNOR (mAgNOR) dihitung pada setiap preparat tiap kelompok. mAgNOR kelompok perlakuan dibandingkan dengan mAgNOR kelompok tanpa perlakuan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ekstrak etanolik daun Gynura procumbens dengan dosis 250 mg/kgBB dan 750 mg/kgBB yang diberikan mulai minggu kesatu maupun ke-6 setelah inisiasi DMBA terakhir dapat mengurangi proliferasi sel kanker payudara tikus. Rata-rata mAgNOR kelompok tanpa perlakuan dan perlakuan DMBA saja masing-masing 0,8 ± 0,34 dan 2,7 ± 0,41, mAgNOR post I kelompok dosis 250 dan dosis 750 masing-masing 1,4 ± 0,39 dan 1,3 ± 0,09, sedangkan mAgNOR post II kelompok dosis 250 dan dosis 750 masing-masing 1,6 ± 0,47 dan 1,5 ± 0,31. Pengamatan terhadap ekspresi COX-2 menunjukkan adanya penurunan pada kelompok perlakuan ekstrak dosis 250 dan 750 mg/kgBB. Hasil-hasil tersebut menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanolik daun Gynura procumbens dapat menghambat proliferasi sel-sel tumor payudara yang kemungkinan berhubungan dengan penurunan ekspresi COX-2. Kata kunci: Gynura procumbens, anti-karsinogenesis, proliferasi, AgNOR
3D-MOLECULAR SCREENING OF DIKETOPIPERAZINE DERIVATES ON Staphylococcus aureus DEHYDROSQUALENE SYNTHASE USING VINA
Authors: Santoso Broto
Published: July 2020

Dehydrosqualene synthase enzyme has been used as protein target model for exploring docking simulation of pyrazoline analogues. One of diketopiperazine derivates that have similar structure to pyrazoline has antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). Vina is AutoDock- improved program that capable for molecular screening based on free-energy and binding conformation prediction between ligand and protein target. The aim of these studies is to screen diketopiperazine derivates on dehydrosqualene synthase of S. aureus using Vina. Diketopiperazine derivates, curcumin analogues, curcumin, pentagammavunon derivates (PGV-0 and PGV-1) were calculated for their geometry optimization energy using Gaussian-Density Functional Theory method. 3D-optimized ligands along with reference ligands were screened for their binding energy with dehydrosqualene synthase (2ZCO) by docking using Vina. The lowest values of binding energy were analyzed with statistic method. The results showed that top thirteen ligands of docking binding energy with receptor are diketopiperazine derivates (31%), curcumin analogues (31%), and reference ligands (38%). The new compounds of diketopiperazine derivates and curcumin analogues have better potency of binding energy than curcurmin as lead compound. Keywords: diketopiperazine, Vina, docking, Staphylococcus aureus, curcumin.
EFEK INFUSA BUNGA ROSELLA (Hibiscus sabdariffa) PADA SERUM GLUTAMATE PIRUVAT TRANSAMINASE TIKUS YANG DIINDUKSI PARASETAMOL DOSIS TOKSIK
Authors: Sudjono Tanti Azizah
Published: July 2020

Kadar Serum Glutamat Piruvat Transaminase (SGPT) bisa meningkat dibandingkan normalnya pada gangguan fungsi hati seperti nekrosis sel hati yang disebabkan oleh virus atau hepatotoksin seperti parasetamol pada dosis toksik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek infusa bunga rosella (Hibiscus sabdariffa) terhadap penurunan kadar SGPT tikus yang diinduksi parasetamol. Penelitian ini menggunakan 25 tikus jantan, umur 2-3 bulan yang dibagi secara acak menjadi 5 kelompok. Kelompok I sebagai kontrol normal diberi aquadest, kelompok II sebagai kontrol negatif diberi aquadest, kelompok III sampai V diberi infusa bunga rosella konsentrasi 10, 20 dan 40%. Untuk kelompok II sampai V, masing-masing perlakuan diberikan selama 7 hari berturut-turut dan pada jam ke-24 setelah perlakuan hari yang terakhir diinduksi parasetamol dosis toksik, selanjutnya pada jam ke-36 diambil darah dari vena lateralis ekor untuk penetapan kadar SGPT. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa infusa bunga rosella  konsentrasi 20% dan 40% pada pemberian dosis berulang selama 7 hari mampu menurunkan kadar SGPT pada tikus jantan galur Wistar yang diinduksi parasetamol (p0,05), dengan kadar SGPT berturut-turut menjadi 388,8±18,79 dan 172,2±87,48 U/L, sedangkan kontrol negatif 1190±443 U/L.  Kata kunci : Hibiscus sabdariffa, SGPT, parasetamolcolor:text1'.forma citratum Back., Graptophylum pictum Griff, Gynura procumbens Merr.
UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIRADIKAL EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN Elephantopus schaber L., Ocimum basilicum L.forma citratum Back., Graptophylum pictum Griff, dan Gynura procumbens Merr. DENGAN METODE DPPH (1,1- Difenil-2- Pikril Hidrazil) SERTA PENETAPAN KADAR FENOLIK TOT
Authors: Da'i Muhammad , Ratnaningrum Astrina Dewi , Wahyuni Arifah Sri , Melannisa Rosita , Dian Kusuma Ika Trisharyanti
Published: July 2020

Daun  Elephantopus schaber L. (tapak liman), Ocimum basilicum L.forma citratum Back., (selasih) Graptophylum pictum Griff (daun ungu), dan Gynura procumbens Merr. (sambung nyawa) memiliki kandungan kimia yang dapat berperan sebagai antiradikal, diantaranya adalah senyawa fenolik. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk melihat korelasi kandungan fenolik total keempat daun terhadap aktivitas antiradikalnya. Sampel uji yaitu ekstrak etanol daun selasih, ungu, sambung nyawa, dan tapak liman ditentukan aktivitas antiradikal dengan menggunakan metode DPPH (1,1 difenil-2-pikrilhidrazil) kemudian dihitung nilai inhibitory concentration (IC50). Kandungan fenolik total ditentukan secara spektrofotometri menggunakan pereaksi Folin-Ciocalteu dan dihitung sebagai GAE (gallic acid equivalent) yaitu jumlah kesetaraan miligram asam galat dalam satu gram sampel. Penelitian menunjukkan ekstrak etanol daun selasih, ungu, sambung nyawa dan tapak liman memiliki aktivitas antiradikal dengan nilai IC50 berturut-turut 36,028; 54,998; 103,650; 252,857µg/mL dan kadar fenolik total berturut-turut 167,451; 147,064; 39,371 dan 20,539 mg/g sampel. Hasil penelitian secara keseluruhan menunjukkan ekstrak etanol daun selasih, ungu, sambung nyawa dan tapak liman berkorelasi positif terhadap aktivitas antiradikalnya.  Kata kunci: Antiradikal, DPPH, IC50, fenolik total, Elephantopus schaber L., Ocimum basilicum L.forma citratum Back., Graptophylum pictum Griff, Gynura procumbens Merr.
Kata Pengantar
Authors: Triyono Agus
Published: July 2020

Kata Pengantar dari Redaksi Jurnal Warta LPM Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta Vol. 23 No. 2 September 2020
SISTEM INFORMASI AKTA KEPENDUDUKAN BERBASIS WEB PADA DINAS KEPENDUDUKAN DAN PENCATATAN SIPIL KABUPATEN KAMPAR RIAU
Authors: Ahsyar Tengku Khairil , Syaifullah Syaifullah , Bakar Abu
Published: July 2020

Dinas Kependudukan dan Pencatatan Sipil Kabupaten Kampar merupakan unsur pelaksana tugas daerah yang dipimpin oleh seorang kepala dinas dan bertanggung jawab kepada bupati melalui sekretaris daerah. Salah satu tugas pokok Disdukcapil adalah menyelenggarakan pelayanan dalam bidang kependudukan dan pencatatan sipil dan melaksanakan pelayanan administrasi dalam bidang kependudukan, akta kelahiran, kematian, perkawinan, perceraian, perubahan nama dan pengakuan anak. Namun dalam prosesnya masih terdapat kekurangan-kekurangan yaitu tidak adanya kepastian kapan akta selesai, informasi persyaratan yang masih kurang dan jarak yang jauh bagi masyarakat yang tinggal jauh dari kantor Disdukcapil. Fokus penelitian ini adalah untuk membuat sistem informasi akta kependudukan berbasis web. Metode pengembangan sistem yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah waterfall dengan 5 tahapan yaitu requirements analysis and defenition, system and software design, implementation and unit testing, integration and system testing, dan operation and maintenance yang dibatasi hanya sampai pada tahap integration and system testing. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian sistem menggunakan UAT menunjukkan bahwa tingkat penerimaan terhadap sistem informasi akta kependudukan adalah sebesar 100%. Dengan adanya sistem informasi akta kependudukan ini masyarakat dapat melihat informasi persyaratan, melakukan pendaftaran dan melihat status permohonan melalui sistem secara online.
Pelatihan Pencegahan Dan Pertolongan Pertama Cedera Olahraga Bagi Pelatih PPLP Sumatera Barat
Authors: Zulman Zulman , Abbas Syamsuar , Deswandi Deswandi
Published: July 2020

The risk of injury can occur in all types of sports and is often experienced by athletes. Sports Injury is an injury to the muscular and skeletal system caused by sports activities. First Aid is emergency assistance to accident victims (sick) quickly and precisely at the scene before being evacuated to an expert person. In general, the management of sports injuries uses the principle of RICE (Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation) which is always applied at the beginning of the injury before further handling. Exercising excessively and ignoring the correct rules of exercise, even bring injury that endangers himself. This wrong activity is due to heating does not meet the requirements, excessive fatigue, especially in the muscles, and wrong in doing sports movements. The most common injury cases, usually too ambitious to complete training targets or want to improve the training phase. A good coach will always pay attention to the state of the athlete from all aspects, one of which is from the physical state of the athlete. This means that the trainer knows how to manage the athlete not to get injured, and if he has an injury quickly know how to help, especially for minor injuries. However, not all coaches understand how the injury and how it helps for athletes. That is why there is a need for training in sports injuries and how to help for coaches who are expected to be used by athletes.
Pelatihan Swamedikasi Dalam Rumah Tangga Di Kelurahan Tarantang
Authors: Sepriani Rika -
Published: July 2020

Health is a healthy state, both physically, mentally, spiritually and socially that allows everyone to live productively socially and economically. Health development as one of the national developments designed for the achievement of awareness, willingness and ability to live healthy for every population to realize an optimal degree of public health. Self-medication is an attempt by someone to overcome a problem of illness or disease without prior agreement with a doctor or health worker. More than 60% of members of the public swarmed the legal basis Permenkes No.919 / MENKES / PER / X / 1993. Swamedication was more focused on handling quickly and effectively without prior intervention by medical consultants, pharmacists, to reduce the workload on the limited resources and labor. The target audience for this community service activity is 30 health cadres obtained through collaboration with the state visited by the health cadres to provide information and understanding to other community members in their neighborhoods. From this dedication activity obtained 1) Increased knowledge and understanding of health cadres about self-medication 2) Increased knowledge and understanding of health cadres about managing drugs in the household.
Sosialisasi Program Latihan Motor Ablity Kepada Asisten Pelatih Dojo Lembaga Karate-Do Indonesia Se-Kecamatan Koto Tangah
Authors: Asnaldi Arie , Kibadra Kibadra
Published: July 2020

The role of a Dojo trainer in directing karateka to be able to achieve the things mentioned above, the City of Padang has many Dojo including the Dojo Angkasa Lanud Padang. Dojo in the general sense is a training ground. According to Wahid (2007: 8) Dojo which means "a place to study" in Japanese in the past refers to the meaning of "hall to meditate in the temple".

Padang Dojo Angkasa Lanud is one of the Dojo Lemkari (Indonesian Karate-DO Institute) which has a Karate shutdown in Padang City, the karateka dojo consists of students from Angkasa Lanud Padang Middle School and the general public. Karateka at the Lemkari Angkasa Lanud Dojo Padang has a variety of achievements where in the past it had had quite a proud achievement that karateka performed in the Kata and kumite categories.
Pelatihan Penyusunan Instrumen Evaluasi Aktifitas Gerak Bagi Fasilitator Kinder Movement
Authors: Yudasmara Dona Sandy , Winarno M E , Taufik Taufik , Fadhli Nurrul Riyad
Published: July 2020

Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat bertujuan untuk memberikan pengetahuan, pengalaman dan pelatihan berkaitan dengan penyusunan instrumen penilaian aktifitas fisik anak dalam bentuk kartu rapor. Metode pelatihan yang digunakan terdiri pelatihan teoritis dan praktis. Teori-teori tes, pengukuran assesmen dan evaluasi akan diberikan secara klasikal dan praktik. Respon fasilitator terhadap penyelenggaraan pengabdian pelatihan sangat baik, sehingga fasilitator sudah dapat mengimplementasikan materi yang di dapat pada pengembangan instrumen penilaian aktifitas gerak yang terdapat pada jurnal kegiatan harian.