Pooled analysis of WHO Surgical Safety Checklist use and mortality after emergency laparotomy
Authors:   GlobalSurg Collaborative, Thomas Hannah S , Weiser Thomas G , Drake Thomas M , Knight Stephen R , Fairfield Cameron , Ademuyiwa Adesoji O , Aguilera Maria Lorena , Alexander Philip , Al-Saqqa Sara W , Borda-Luque Giuliano , Costas-Chavarri Ainhoa , Ntirenganya Faustin , Fitzgerald J Edward , Fergusson Stuart J , Glasbey James , Ingabire J C Allen , Ismaïl Lawani , Salem Hosni Khairy , Kojo Anyomih Theophilus Teddy , Lapitan Marie Carmela , Lilford Richard , Mihaljevic Andre L , Morton Dion , Mutabazi Alphonse Zeta , Nepogodiev Dmitri , Adisa Adewale O , Ots Riinu , Pata Francesco , Pinkney Thomas , Poškus Tomas , Qureshi Ahmad Uzair , Medina Antonio Ramos-De , Rayne Sarah , Shaw Catherine A , Shu Sebastian , Spence Richard , Smart Neil , Tabiri Stephen , Bhangu Aneel , Harrison Ewen M , Harrison Ewen M , Verjee Azmina , Runigamugabo Emmy , Ademuyiwa Adesoji O , Adisa Adewale O , Aguilera Maria Lorena , Altamini Afnan , Alexander Philip , Al-Saqqa Sara W , Borda-Luque Giuliano , Cornick Jen , Costas-Chavarri Ainhoa , Drake Thomas M , Fergusson Stuart J , Fitzgerald J Edward , Glasbey James , Ingabire J C Allen , Ismaïl Lawani , Jaffry Zahra , Salem Hosni Khairy , Khatri Chetan , Kirby Andrew , Kojo Anyomih Theophilus Teddy , Lapitan Marie Carmela , Lilford Richard , Mihaljevic Andre L , Mohan Midhun , Morton Dion , Mutabazi Alphonse Zeta , Nepogodiev Dmitri , Ntirenganya Faustin , Ots Riinu , Pata Francesco , Pinkney Thomas , Poškus Tomas , Qureshi Ahmad Uzair , Medina Antonio Ramos-De , Rayne Sarah , Recinos Gustavo , Søreide Kjetil , Shaw Catherine A , Shu Sebastian , Spence Richard , Smart Neil , Tabiri Stephen , Harrison Ewen M , Bhangu Aneel , Khatri Chetan , Gobin Neel , Freitas Ana Vega , Hall Nigel , Kim Sung-Hee , Negida Ahmed , Khairy Hosni , Jaffry Zahra , Chapman Stephen J , Arnaud Alexis P , Tabiri Stephen , Recinos Gustavo , Manipal Cutting Edge , Mohan Midhun , Amandito Radhian , Shawki Marwan , Hanrahan Michael , Pata Francesco , Zilinskas Justas , Roslani April Camilla , Goh Cheng Chun , Ademuyiwa Adesoji O , Irwin Gareth , Shu Sebastian , Luque Laura , Shiwani Hunain , Altamimi Afnan , Alsaggaf Mohammed Ubaid , Fergusson Stuart J , Spence Richard , Rayne Sarah , Jeyakumar Jenifa , Cengiz Yucel , Raptis Dmitri A , Glasbey James C , Modolo Maria Marta , Iyer Dushyant , King Sebastian , Arthur Tom , Nahar Sayeda Nazmum , Waterman Ade , Walsh Lawani Ismaïl , Agarwal Arnav , Zani Augusto , Firdouse Mohammed , Rouse Tyler , Liu Qinyang , Correa Juan Camilo , Salem Hosni Khairy , Talving Peep , Worku Mengistu , Arnaud Alexis , Tabiri Stephen , Kalles Vassilis , Aguilera Maria Lorena , Recinos Gustavo , Kumar Basant , Kumar Sunil , Amandito Radhian , Quek Roy , Pata Francesco , Ansaloni Luca , Altibi Ahmed , Venskutonis Donatas , Zilinskas Justas , Poskus Tomas , Whitaker John , Msosa Vanessa , Tew Yong Yong , Farrugia Alexia , Borg Elaine , Medina Antonio Ramos-De , Bentounsi Zineb , Ademuyiwa Adesoji O , Søreide Kjetil , Gala Tanzeela , Al-Slaibi Ibrahim , Tahboub Haya , Alser Osaid H , Romani Diego , Shu Sebestian , Major Piotr , Mironescu Aurel , Bratu Matei , Kourdouli Amar , Ndajiwo Aliyu , Altwijri Abdulaziz , Alsaggaf Mohammed Ubaid , Gudal Ahmad , Jubran Al Faifi , Seisay Sam , Lieske Bettina , Rayne Sarah , Spence Richard , Ortega Irene , Jeyakumar Jenifa , Senanayake Kithsiri J , Abdulbagi Omar , Cengiz Yucel , Raptis Dmitri , Altinel Yuksel , Kong Chia , Teasdale Ella , Irwin Gareth , Stoddart Michael , Kabariti Rakan , Suresh Sukrit , Gash Katherine , Narayanan Ragavan , Maimbo Mayaba , Fermani Claudio , Balmaceda Ruben , Modolo Maria Marta , Macdermid Ewan , Gobin Neel , Chenn Roxanne , Yong Cheryl Ou , Edye Michael , Jarmin Martin , D'amours Scott K , Iyer Dushyant , Youssef Daniel , Phillips Nicholas , Brown Jason , George Robert , Koh Cherry , Warren Oliver , Hanley Isaac , Dickfos Marilla , Nawara Clemens , Öfner Dietmar , Primavesi Florian , Mitul Ashrarur Rahman , Mahmud Khalid , Hussain Margub , Hakim Hafiz , Kumar Tapan , Oosterkamp Antje , Assouto Pamphile A , Lawani Ismail , Souaibou Yacoubou Imorou , Tun Aung Kyaw , Chong Chean Leung , Devadasar Giridhar H , Chong Chean Leung , Qadir Muhammad Rashid Minhas , Aung Kyaw Phyo , Yeo Lee Shi , Chong Chean Leung , Castillo Vanessa Dina Palomino , Munhoz Monique Moron , Moreira Gisele , Segundo Luiz Carlos Barros De Castro , Ferreira Salim Anderson Khouri , Careta Maíra Cassa , Kim Stella Binna , De Sousa Alexandre Venancio , Cury Alyne Daltri Lazzarini , Miguel Gustavo Peixoto Soares , De Freitas Ana Vega Carreiro , Silvestre Barbara Pereira , Vianna Julia Guasti Pinto , Felipe Carolina Oliveira , Laufer Luis Alberto Valente , Altoe Fernanda , Da Silva Luana Ayres , Pimenta Marina Luiza , Giuriato Thiago Fernandes , Morais Paulo Alves Bezerra , Luiz Jessica Souza , Araujo Rafael , Menegussi Juliana , Leal Marisa , Lima Caio Vinícius Barroso , Tatagiba Luiza Sarmento , Leal Antônio , Santos Diogo Vinicius , Fraga Gustavo Pereira , Simoes Romeo Lages , Stock Simon , Nigo Samuel , Kabba Juana , Ngwa Tagang Ebogo , Brown James , King Sebastian , Zani Augusto , Azzie Georges , Firdouse Mohammed , Kushwaha Sameer , Agarwal Arnav , Bailey Karen , Cameron Brian , Livingston Michael , Horobjowsky Alexandre , Deckelbaum Dan L , Razek Tarek , Marinkovic Boris , Grasset Eugenio , D'aguzan Nicole , Grasset Eugenio , Jimenez Julio , Macchiavello Roberto , Zhang Zhongtao , Guo Wei , Oh Junyeong , Zheng Fei , Montes Irene , Sierra Sebastian , Mendez Manuela , Villegas Maria Isabel , Arango Maria Clara Mendoza , Mendoza Ivan , Aristizã¡bal Fred Alexander Naranjo , Botero Jaime Andres Montoya , Riaza Victor Manuel Quintero , Restrepo Jakeline , Morales Carlos , Arango Maria Clara Mendoza , Cruz Herman , Munera Alejandro , Arango Maria Clara Mendoza , Karlo Robert , Domini Edgar , Mihanovic Jakov , Radic Mihael , Zamarin Kresimir , Pezelj Nikica , Hache-Marliere Manuel , Lemaire Sylvia Batista , Rivas Ruben , Khyrallh Ahmed , Hassan Ahamed , Shimy Gamal , Baky Fahmy Mohamed A , Nabawi Ayman , Elfil Mohamed , Ghoneem Mohamed , Gohar Muhammad El-Saied Ahmad Muhammad , Asal Mohamed , Abdelkader Mostafa , Gomah Mahmoud , Rashwan Hayssam , Karkeet Mohamed , Gomaa Ahmed , Hasan Amr , Elgebaly Ahmed , Saleh Omar , Fattah Ahmad Abdel , Gouda Abdullah , Elshafay Abd Elrahman , Gharib Abdalla , Menshawy Ahmed , Hanafy Mohammed , Al-Mallah Abdullah , Abdulgawad Mahmoud , Baheeg Mohamad , Alhendy Mohammed , AbdelFattah Ibrahim , Kenibar Abdalla , Osman Omar , Gemeah Mostafa , Mohammed Ahmed , Adel Abdalrahman , Gharib Abdalla , Mohammed Abdelrahman , Sayed Abdelrahman , Abozaid Mohamed , Kotb Ahmed Hafez El-Badri , Ata Ali Amin Ahmed , Nasr Mohammed , Alkammash Abdelrahman , Saeed Mohammed , El Hamid Nader Abd , Attia Attia Mohamed , El Galeel Ahmed Abd , Elbanby Eslam , El-Dien Khalid Salah , Hantour Usama , Alahmady Omar , Mansour Billal , Elkorashy Amr Muhammad , Taha Emad Mohamed Saeed , Lasheen Kholod Tarek , Elkolaly Salma Said , Abdel-Wahab Nehal Yosri Elsayed , Abozyed Mahmoud Ahmed Fathi , Adel Ahmed , Saeed Ahmed Moustafa , El Sayed Gehad Samir , Youssif Jehad Hassan , Ahmed Soliman Magdy , El-Shahat Nermeen Soubhy , Khedr Abd El-Rahman Hegazy , Elsebaaye Abdelrhman Osama , Elzayat Mohamed , Abdelraheim Mohamed , Elzayat Ibrahim , Warda Mahmoud , El Deen Khaled Naser , Elnemr Abdelrhman Essam , Salah Omar , Abbas Mohamed , Rashad Mona , Elzayyat Ibrahim , Hemeda Dalia , Tawfik Gehad , Salama Mai , Khaled Hazem , Seisa Mohamed , Elshaer Kareem , Hussein Abdelfatah , Elkhadrawi Mahmoud , Afifi Ahmed Mohamed , Ebrahim Osama Saadeldeen , Metwally Mahmoud Mohamed , Elmelegy Rowida , Elsawahly Diaa Moustafa Elbendary , Safa Hisham , Nofal Eman , Elbermawy Mohamed , Ghazy Ahmed Abdelmotaleb , Samih Hisham , Abdelgelil Asmaa , Abdelghany Sarah , El Kholy Ahmed , Aboraya Metwally , Elkady Fatma , Salma Mahmoud , Samy Sarah , Fakher Reem , Aboarab Aya , Samir Ahmed , Sakr Ahmed , Haroun Abdelrahman , Al-Aarag Asmaa Abdel-Rahman , Elkholy Ahmed , Elshanwany Sally , Ghanem Esraa , Tammam Ahmed , Hammad Ali Mohamed , El Shoura Yousra , El Ashal Gehad , Khairy Hosni , Antar Sarah , Mehrez Sara , Abdelshafy Mahmoud , Hamad Maha Gamal Mohamad , Hosh Mona , Abdallah Emad , Magdy Basma , Alzayat Thuraya , Gamaly Elsayed , Elfeki Hossam , Abouzahra Amany , Elsheikh Shereen , Elgendy Fatimah I , El-Salam Fathia Abd , Seifelnasr Osama , Ammar Mohamed , Eysa Athar , Sadek Aliaa , Toeema Aliaa Gamal , Nasr Aly , Abuseif Mohamed , Zidan Hagar , Barakat Sara Abd Elmageed , Elsayed Nadin , Elrasoul Yasmin Abd , Elkelany Ahmed , Ammar Mohamed Sabry , Mustafa Mennat-Allah , Hegazy Yasmin , Etman Mohamed , Saad Samar , Alrahawy Mahmoud , Raslan Ahmed , Morsi Mahmoud , Rslan Ahmed , Sabry Ahmed , Elwakil Hager , Shaker Heba , Zidan Hagar , Abd-Elrasoul Yasmin , Elkelany Ahmed , El-Kashef Hussein , Shaalan Mohamed , Tarek Areej , Elwan Ayman , Nayel Ahmed Ragab , Seif Mostafa , Elwan Ayman , Emadeldin Doaa , Ghonaim Mohamed Ali , Almallah Ahmad , Fouad Ahmed , Sayma Eman Adel , Elbatahgy Ahmad , El-Ma'doul Angham Solaiman , Mosad Ahmed , Tolba Hager , Elsorogy Diaa Eldin Abdelazeem Amin , Mostafa Hassan Ali , Omar Amira Atef , El Hameed Ola Sherief Abd , Lasheen Ahmed , El Salam Yasser Abd , Morsi Ashraf , Ismail Mohammed , El-badawy Hager Ahmed , Amer Mohamed A , Elkelany Ahmed , Elkelany Ahmed , El-Hamouly Ahmed Sabry , Attallah Noura A , Mosalum Omnia , Afandy Ahmed , Mokhtar Ahmed , Abouelnasr Alaa , Ayad Sara , Shaker Ramdan , Sakr Rokia , Shaker Ramadan , Amreia Mahmoud , Elsobky Soaad , Mustafa Mohamed , El Magd Ahmed Abo , Marey Abeer , Hafez Amr Tarek , Zalabia Mohamed F , Mohamed Mohamed Moamen , Fadel Amr , Ahmed Emad Ali , Ali Ahmad , Alwafai Mohammad Ghassan , Dwydar Abdullah , Kharsa Sara , Mamdouh Ehab , El-Sheemy Hatem , AlYoussef Ibrahim , Aly Abouelatta Khairy , Aldalaq Ahmad , Alnawam Ehab , Alkhabbaz Dalia , Saad Mahmoud , Hussein Shady , Elazayem Ahmed Abo , Meshref Ahmed , Elashmawy Marwa , Mousa Mohammed , Nashaat Ahmad , Ghanem Sara , Elsayed Zaynab M , Elwaey Aya , Elkadsh Iman , Darweesh Mariam , Mohameden Ahmed , Hafez Mennaallah , Badr Ahmed , Badwy Assmaa , El Slam Mohamed Abd , Elazoul Mohamed , Al-Nahrawi Safwat , Eldamaty Lotfy , Nada Fathee , Ameen Mohamed , Hagar Aya , Elsehimy Mohamed , Aboraya Mohammad , Dawoud Hossam , El Mesery Shorouk , El Gendy Abeer , Abdelkareem Ahmed , Marey Ahmed Safwan , Allam Mostafa , Shehata Sherif , Abozeid Khaled , Elshobary Marwa , Fahiem Ahmed , Sarsik Sameh , Hashish Amel , Zidan Mohamed , Hashish Mohamed , Aql Shaimaa , Elhendawy Abdelaziz Osman Abdelaziz , Husseini Mohamed , Kasem Esraa , Gheith Ahmed , Elfouly Yasmin , Soliman Ahmed Ragab , Ibrahim Yasmein , Elfouly Nesma , Fawzy Ahmed , Hassan Ahmed , Rashid Mohammad , Elsherbiny Abdallah Salah , Sieda Basem , Badwi Nermin M , Mohammed Mohammed Mustafa Hassan , Mohamed Osama , Habeeb Mohammad Abdulkhalek , Worku Mengistu , Starr Nichole , Desta Semay , Wondimu Sahlu , Abebe Nebyou Seyoum , Thomas Efeson , Asele Frehun Ayele , Dabessa Daniel , Abebe Nebiyou Seyoum , Zerihun Abebe Bekele , Mentula Panu , Leppäniemi Ari , Sallinen Ville , Scalabre Aurelien , Frade Fernanda , Irtan Sabine , Graffeille Vivien , Gaignard Elodie , Alimi Quentin , Alimi Quentin , Graffieille Vivien , Gaignard Elodie , Abbo Olivier , Mouttalib Sofia , Bouali Ourdia , Hervieux Erik , Aigrain Yves , Botto Nathalie , Faure Alice , Fievet Lucile , Panait Nicoleta , Eyssartier Emilie , Schmitt Francoise , Podevin Guillaume , Parent Valentine , Martin Amandine , Arnaud Alexis Pierre , Muller Cecile , Bonnard Arnaud , Peycelon Matthieu , Abantanga Francis , Boakye-Yiadom Kwaku , Bukari Mohammed , Owusu Frank , Awuku-Asabre Joseph , Tabiri Stephen , Bray Lemuel Davies , Lytras Dimitrios , Psarianos Kyriakos , Bamicha Anastasia , Kefalidi Eirini , Gemenetzis Georgios , Dervenis Christos , Gouvas Nikolaos , Agalianos Christos , Kontos Michail , Kouraklis Gregory , Karousos Dimitrios , Germanos Stylianos , Marinos Constantinos , Anthoulakis Christos , Nikoloudis Nikolaos , Mitroudis Nikolaos , Recinos Gustavo , Estupinian Sergio , Forno Walter , Azmitia José René Arévalo , Cabrera Carla Cecilia Ramãrez , Guevara Romeo , Aguilera Maria , Mendez Napoleon , Mendizabal Cesar Augusto Azmitia , Ramazzini Pablo , Urquizu Mario Contreras , Tale Fernando , Soley Rafael , Barrios Emanuel , Barrios Emmanuel , Rodríguez Daniel Estuardo Marroquín , Velásquez Carlos Iván Pérez , Mérida Sara María Contreras , Regalado Francisco , Lopez Mario , Siguantay Miguel , Lam Fong Yee , Szeto Kylie Joan-yi , Szeto Charing Cheuk Ling , Li Wing Sum , Li Kieran Ka Kei , Leung Man Fung , Mak Tony , Ng Simon , Prasad S S , Kirishnan Anand , Gyanchandani Nidhi , Kumar Bylapudi Seshu , Rangarajan Muthukumaran , Bhat Sriram , Sreedharan Anjana , Kinnera S V , Reddy Yella , Venugopal Caranj , Kumar Sunil , Mittal Abhishek , Nadkarni Shravan , Lakshmi Harish Neelamraju , Malik Puneet , Limaye Neel , Pai Srinivas , Jain Pratik , Khajanchi Monty , Satoskar Savni , Satoskar Rajeev , Mahamood Abid Bin , Sutanto Eldaa Prisca Refianti , Soeselo Daniel Ardian , Tedjaatmadja Chintya , Rahmawati Fitriana Nur , Amandito Radhian , Mayasari Maria , Al-Hasani Ruqaya Kadhim Mohammed Jawad , Al-Hameedi Hasan Ismael Ibraheem , Ibraheem Hasan Ismael , Al-Azraqi Israa Abdullah Aziz , Sabeeh Lubna , Kamil Rahma , Shawki Marwan , Telfah Muwaffaq Mezeil , Rasendran Amoudtha , Sheehan Jacqueline , Kerley Robert , Normile Caoimhe , Gilbert Richard William , Song Jiheon , Dablouk Mohamed , Mauro Linnea , Dablouk Mohammed Osman , Hanrahan Michael , Kielty Paul , Marks Eleanor , Gosling Simon , Mccarthy Michelle , Rasendran Amoudtha , Mirghani Diya , Naqvi Syed Altaf , Wong Chee Siong , Chung Siyi , D'cruz Reuban , Cahill Ronan , Gosling Simon George , Mccarthy Michelle , Rasendran Amoudtha , Fahy Ciara , Song Jiheon , Hanrahan Michael , Cadogan Diana Duarte , Powell Anna , Gilbert Richard , Clifford Caroline , Normile Caoimhe , Driscoll Aoife , Paul Stassen , Lee Chris , Bowe Ross , Hutch William , Hanrahan Michael , Mohan Helen , O'neill Maeve , Mealy Kenneth , Danelli Piergiorgio , Bondurri Andrea , Maffioli Anna , Pasini Mario , Pata Giacomo , Roncali Stefano , Silvani Paolo , Carlucci Michele , Faccincani Roberto , Bonavina Luigi , Macchitella Yuri , Ceriani Chiara , Tugnoli Gregorio , Di Saverio Salomone , Khattab Khaled , Paludi Miguel Angel , Pata Domenica , Cloro Luigi Maria , Allegri Andrea , Ansaloni Luca , Coccolini Federico , Veronese Ezio , Bortolasi Luca , Hasheminia Alireza , Nastri Giacomo , Dal Canto Massimiliano , Cucumazzo Stefano , Pata Francesco , Benevento Angelo , Tessera Gaetano , Grandinetti Pier Paolo , Maniscalco Alessio , Lamanna Giovanni Luca , Turati Luca , Sgroi Giovanni , Rausa Emanuele , Villa Roberta , Monteleone Michela , Merlini David , Coccolini Federico , Ansaloni Luca , Allegri Andrea , Grassi Veronica , Cirocchi Roberto , Cacurri Alban , Waleed Hamza , Diab Ahmed , Elzowawi Fathi , Jokubauskas Mantas , Varkalys Karolis , Venskutonis Donatas , Pranevicius Robertas , Ambrozeviciute Viktorija , Juciute Simona , Skardžiukaitė Austė , Venskutonis Donatas , Bradulskis Saulius , Urbanavicius Linas , Austraite Aiste , Riauka Romualdas , Zilinskas Justas , Dambrauskas Zilvinas , Karumnas Paulius , Urniezius Zigmantas , Zilinskiene Reda , Rudzenskaite Anele , Usaityte Ausrine , Montrimaite Margarita , Kaselis Nerijus , Strazdas Andrius , Jokubonis Kristijonas , Maceviciute Kornelija , Beisa Virgilijus , Poskus Tomas , Strupas Kestutis , Laugzemys Erikas , Kolosov Andrej , Jotautas Valdemaras , Rakita Ignas , Mikalauskas Saulius , Kazanavicius Darius , Rackauskas Rokas , Strupas Kestutis , Poskus Tomas , Beisa Virgilijus , Rakauskas Ritauras , Preckailaite Egle , Coomber Ross , Johnson Kenneth , Nowers Jennifer , Periasammy Dineshwary , Salleh Afizah , Das Andre , Tze Reuben Goh Ern , Kumar Milaksh Nirumal , Abdullah Nik Azim Nik , Kosai Nik Ritza , Taher Mustafa , Rajan Reynu , Chong Hoong Yin , Roslani April Camilla , Goh Cheng Chun , Agius Marija , Borg Elaine , Bezzina Maureen , Bugeja Roberta , Vella-Baldacchino Martinique , Spina Andrew , Psaila Josephine , Francois-Coridon Helene , Tolg Cecilia , Colombani Jean-Francois , Diaz-Zorrilla  , De La Medina Antonio Ramos- , Gonzalez Samantha Corro-Diaz , Jacobe Mário , Mapasse Domingos , Snyder Elizabeth , Oumer Ramadan , Osman Mohammed , Mohammad Aminu , Anyanwu Lofty-John , Sheshe Abdulrahman , Adesina Alaba , Faturoti Olubukola , Taiwo Ogechukwu , Ibrahim Muhammad Habib , Nasir Abdulrasheed A , Suleiman Siyaka Itopa , Adeniyi Adewale , Adesanya Opeoluwa , Adebanjo Ademola , Osuoji Roland , Atobatele Kazeem , Ogunyemi Ayokunle , Williams Omolara , Oludara Mobolaji , Oshodi Olabode , Ademuyiwa Adesoji , Lawal AbdulRazzaq Oluwagbemiga , Alakaloko Felix , Elebute Olumide , Osinowo Adedapo , Bode Christopher , Adesuyi Abidemi , Tade Adesoji , Adekoya Adeleke , Nwokoro Collins , Ayandipo Omobolaji O , Lawal Taiwo Akeem , Ajao Akinlabi E , Ali Samuel Sani , Odeyemi Babatunde , Olori Samson , Popoola Ademola , Adeyeye Ademola , Adeniran James , Lossius William J , Havemann Ingemar , Thorsen Kenneth , Narvestad Jon Kristian , Soreide Kjetil , Wold Trude Beate , Nymo Linn , Elsiddig Mohammed , Dar Manzoor , Bhopal Kamran Faisal , Iftikhar Zainab , Furqan Muhammad Mohsin , Nighat Bakhtiar , Jawaid Masood , Khalique Abdul , Zil-E-Ali Ahsan , Rashid Anam , Dharamshi Hasnain Abbas , Naqvi Tahira , Faraz Ahmad , Anwar Abdul Wahid , Yaseen Tahir Muhammad , Shamsi Ghina Shamim , Shamsi Ghina , Yaseen Tahir , Anwer Wahid , Decoud Horacio Paredes , Aguilera Omar , Alvarez Ismael Isaac Zelada , Delgado Juan Marcelo , Vega Gustavo Miguel Machain , Lohse Helmut Alfredo Segovia , Aguilar Wendy Leslie Messa , Chiong Jose Antonio Cabala , Bautista Ana Cecilia Manchego , Huaman Eduardo , Zegarra Sergio , Camacho Rony , Celis Jose María Vergara , Pozo Diego Alonso Romani , Hamasaki José , Temoche Edilberto , Herrera-Matta Jaime , Torres Carla Pierina García , Barreda Luis Miguel Alvarez , Ojeda Ronald Renato Barrionuevo , Garaycochea Octavio , Mollo Melanie Castro , Delgado Mitchelle Solange De Fã Tima Linares , Fujii Francisco , Bautista Ana Cecilia Manchego , Aguilar Wendy Leslie Messa , Chiong Jose Antonio Cabala , Durand Susana Yrma Aranzabal , Basto Carlos Alejandro Arroyo , Rojas Nelson Manuel Urbina , Yip Sebastian Bernardo Shu , Vergara Ana Lucia Contreras , Moran Andrea Echevarria Rosas , Luque Giuliano Borda , Castro Manuel Rodriguez , Jaramillo Ramon Alvarado , Sila George Manrique , Lopez Crislee Elizabeth , De Leon Mardelangel Zapata Ponze , Machaca Massiell , Huaraya Ronald Coasaca , Arenas Andy , López Crislee , Puma Clara Milagros Herrera , Pino Wilfredo , Hinojosa Christian , De Leon Melanie Zapata Ponze , Limache Susan , Sila George Manrrique , Rodriguez Layza-Alejandra Mercado , Melo Renato , Costa-Maia Jose , Muralha Nuno , Sauvat Frederique , Dan Ionasc , Hogea Mircea , Eduard Pandi , Bratu Razvan-Matei , Beuran Mircea , Diaconescu Ionut-Bogdan , Martian Bogdan-Valeriu , Iordache Florin-Mihail , Vartic Mihaela , Vida Lucian Corneliu , Muntean Liviu Iuliu , Mironescu Aurel Sandu , Nsengimana Vizir Jean Paul , Niragire Alice , Ingabire Jean De La Croix Allen , Niyirera Eugene , Zanini Nicola , Jovine Elio , Landolfo Giovanni , Alomar Ibrahim N , Alnuqaydan Saleh A , Altwigry Abdulrahman M , Othman Moayad , Osman Nohad , Alqahtani Enas , Alzahrani Mohammed , Alyami Rifan , Aljohani Emad , Alhabli Ibrahim , Mikwar Zaher , Almuallem Sultan , Aljohani Emad , Alyami Rifan , Alzahrani Mohammed , Nawawi Abrar , Bakhaidar Mohamad , Maghrabi Ashraf A , Alsaggaf Mohammed , Aljiffry Murad , Altaf Abdulmalik , Khoja Ahmad , Habeebullah Alaa , Akeel Nouf , Ghandora Nashat , Almoflihi Abdullah , Huwait Abdulmalik , Al-shammari Abeer , Al-Mousa Mashael , Alghamdi Masood , Adham Walid , Albeladi Bandar , Alfarsi Muayad Ahmed , Mahdi Atif , Al Awwad Saad , Altamimi Afnan , Nouh Thamer , Hassanain Mazen , Aldhafeeri Salman , Sadig Nawal , Algohary Osama , Aledrisy Mohannad , Gudal Ahmad , Alrifaie Ahmad , AlRowais Mohammed , Althwainy Amani , Shabkah Alaa , Alamoudi Uthman , Alrajraji Mawaddah , Alghamdi Basim , Aljohani Saud , Daqeeq Abdullah , Al-Faifi Jubran J , Jennings Vicky , Ngayu Nyawira , Moore Rachel , Kong Victor , Kretzmann Hayden , Connor Katie , Nel Daniel , Sampson Colleen , Spence Richard , Panieri Eugenio , Rayne Sarah , Sishuba Nosisa , Tun Myint , Mphatsoe Albert Mohale , Carreira Jo-Anne , Teasdale Ella , Wagener Mark , Botes Stefan , Du Plessis Danelo , Fernandez-Bueno Fernando , Aguilar-Jimenez Jose , Garcia-Marin Jose Andres , García Lorena Solar , Florez Luis Joaquín García , Pacheco Rubén Darío Arias , Pagnozzi Janet , Quezada Jimy Harold Jara , Rodicio Jose Luis , Minguez German , Rodríguez-Uría Raquel , Ugalde Paul , Lopez-Arevalo Camilo , Barneo Luis , Stuva Jessica Patricia Gonzales , Ortega-Vazquez Irene , Rodriguez Lorena , Herrera Norberto , Arachchi Prasad Pitigala , Senanayake Wanigasekara Senanayake Mudiyanselage Kithsiri Janakantha , Arachchige Lalith Asanka Jayasooriya Jayasooriya , Sivaganesh Sivasuriya , Samaraweera Dulan Irusha , Thanusan Vimalakanthan , Musa Ahmed Elgaili Khalid , Balila Reem Mohammed Hassan , Mohamed Mohamed Awad Elkarim Hamad , Ali Hussein , Elabdin Hagir Zain , Hassan Alaa , Mahdi Sefeldin , Ahmed Hala , Idris Sahar Abdoun Ishag , Elsayed Makki , Elsayed Mohammed , Mahmoud Mohamed , Boijsen Magnus , Lundgren Per-Olof , Gustafsson Ulf , Kiasat Ali , Wogensen Fredrik , Wogensen Fredrik , Jurdell Emma , Thorell Anders , Thorarinsdottir Hildur , Utter Maria , Sundstrom Sami Martin , Wredberg Cecilia , Kjellin Ann , Nyberg Johanna , Frisk Bjorn , Sund Malin , Andersson Linda , Gunnarsson Ulf , Cengiz Yücel , Ahlqvist Sandra , Royson Ida Björklund Hanna , Weber Per , Pahlsson Hans-Ivar , Borin Eva , Hjertberg Maria , Royson Hanna , Weber Per , Schmid Roger , Schivo Debora , Despotidis Vasileios , Breitenstein Stefan , Staerkle Ralph F , Schadde Erik , Deichsel Fabian , Gerosa Alexandra , Nocito Antonio , Raptis Dimitri Aristotle , Mijuskovic Barbara , Zuber Markus , Eisner Lukas , Kruspi Swantje , Reinisch Katharina Beate , Schoewe Christin , Novak Allan , Palma Adrian F , Teufelberger Gerfried , Kimaro Msafiri , King Rachel , Balkan Ali Zeynel Abidin , Gumar Mehmet , Yavuz Mehmet Ali , Karabacak Ufuk , Lap Gokhan , Ozkan Bahar Busra , Ozkan Bahar Busra , Karakahya Murat , Adams Ryan , Morton Robert , Henderson Liam , Gratton Ruth , Clement Keiran David , Chang Kate Yu-Ching , Mcnish David , Mcintosh Ryan , Milligan William , Skelly Brendan , Anderson-Knight Hannah , Lawther Roger , Onimowo Jemina , Shatkar Veereanna , Tharmalingam Shivanee , Woin Evelina , Fautz Tessa , Ziff Oliver , Dindyal Shiva , Arman Sam , 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, Odutola Oluwatomi , Adebola Oluwaseyi , Onuoha Clement , Taiwo Ogechukwu , Williams Omolara , Balogun Fatai , Ajai Olalekan , Oludara Mobolaji , Njokanma Iloba , Osuoji Roland , Kache Stephen , Ajah Jonathan , Makama Jerry , Adamu Ahmed , Baba Suleiman , Aliyu Mohammad , Aliyu Shamsudeen , Ukwenya Yahaya , Aliyu Halima , Sholadoye Tunde , Daniyan Muhammad , Ogunsua Oluseyi , Anyanwu Lofty-John , Sheshe Abdurrahaman , Mohammad Aminu , Olori Samson , Mshelbwala Philip , Odeyemi Babatunde , Samson Garba , Timothy Oyediran Kehinde , Samuel Sani Ali , Ajiboye Anthony , Adeyeye Ademola , Amole Isaac , Abiola Olajide , Olaolorun Akin , Søreide Kjetil , Veen Torhild , Kanani Arezo , Styles Kristian , Herikstad Ragnar , Larsen Johannes Wiik , Søreide Jon Arne , Jensen Elisabeth , Gran Mads , Aahlin Eirik Kjus , Gaarder Tina , Monrad-Hansen Peter Wiel , Næss Pål Aksel , Lauzikas Giedrius , Wiborg Joachim , Holte Silje , Augestad Knut Magne , Banipal Gurpreet Singh , Monteleone Michela , Moe Thomas Tetens , Schultz Johannes Kurt , Al-taher Taher , Hamdan Ayah , Salman Ayman , Saadeh Rana , Musleh Aseel , Jaradat Dana , Abushamleh Soha , Hanoun Sakhaa , Qumbos Amjad Abu , Hamarshi Aseel , Taher Ayman And , Qawasmi Israa , Qurie Khalid , Altarayra Marwa , Ghannam Mohammad , Shaheen Alaa , Herebat Azher , Abdelhaq Aram , Shalabi Ahmad , Abu-toyour Maram , Asi Fatema , Shamasneh Ala , Atiyeh Anwar , Mustafa Mousa , Zaa'treh Rula , Dabboor Majd , Alaloul Enas , Baraka Heba , Meqbil Jehad , Al-Buhaisi Alaa , Elshami Mohamedraed , Afana Samah , Jaber Sahar , Alyacoubi Said , Abuowda Yousef , Idress Tasneem , Abuqwaider Eman , Al-saqqa Sara , Bowabsak Alaa , El Jamassi Alaa , Hasanain Doaa , Al-farram Hadeel , Salah Maram , Firwana Aya , Hamdan Marwa , Awad Israa , Ashour Ahmad , Al Barrawi Fayez Elian , Al-khatib Ahmed , Al-faqawi Maha , Fares Mohamed , Elmashala Amjad , Adawi Mohammad , Adawi Ihdaa , Khreishi Reem , Khreishi Rose , Ashour Ahmad , Ghaben Ahed , Nadeem Najwa , Saqlain Muhammad , Abbasy Jibran , Alvi Abdul Rehman , Gala Tanzeela , Shahzad Noman , Bhopal Kamran Faisal , Iftikhar Zainab , Butt Muhammad Talha , Razi Syed Asaat , Ahmed Asdaq , Niazi Ali Khan , Raza Ibrahim , Baluch Fatima , Raza Ahmed , Bani-Sadar Ahmad , Qureshi Ahmad Uzair , Adil Muhammad , Raza Awais , Javaid Mahnoor , Waqar Muhammad , Khan Maryam Ali , Arshad Mohammad Mohsin , Amjad Mohammadasim , Vega Gustavo Miguel Machain , Cardozo Jorge Torres , O'Higgins Roche Marcelo , Servin Gustavo Rodolfo Pertersen , Lohse Helmut Alfredo Segovia , Lopez Larissa Ines Páez , Cardozo Ramón Augusto Melo , Espinoza Fernando , Rojas Angel David Pérez , Sanchez Diana , Samaniego Camila Sanchez , Torres Shalon Guevara , Calua Alexander Canta , Razuri Cesar , Ortiz Nadia , Rodriguez Xianelle , Carrasco Nahilia , Saravia Fridiz , Miyasato Hector Shibao , Valcarcel-Saldaña María , Bermúdez Ysabel Esthefany Alejos , Carpio Juan , Panez Walter Ruiz , Orbegozo Pedro Angel Toribio , Dueñas Carolina Guzmán , Espinoza Kevin Turpo , Barrantes Ana Maria Sandoval , Bravo Jorge Armando Chungui , Shu Sebastian , Fuentes-Rivera Lorena , Fernández Carmen , Romani Diego , Málaga Bárbara , Ye Joselyn , Velasquez Ricardo , Salcedo Jannin , Contreras-Vergara Ana Lucia , Mejia Angelica Genoveva Vergara , Montejo Maria Soledad Gonzales , Salas Marilia Del Carmen Escalante , Ticona Willy Alcca , Vargas Marvin , Sila George Christian Manrique , Mas Robinson , Pilar Paucar Arazzelly , Velásquez Armando José Román , Robledo-Rabanal Alina , Solis Ludwing Alexander Zeta , Espinoza Kenny Turpo , Hamaguchi José Luis Hamasaki , Farfan Erick Samuel Florez , Barrientos Linda Alvi Madrid , Matta Juan Jaime Herrera , Mora John Jemuel V , Redota Menold Archee P , Roxas Manuel Francisco , Maño Maria Jesusa B , Parreno-Sacdalan Marie Dione , Lapitan Marie Carmela , Almanon Christel Leanne , Walędziak Maciej , Roszkowski Rafał , Janik Michał , Lasek Anna , Major Piotr , Radkowiak Dorota , Rubinkiewicz Mateusz , Fernandes Cristina , Costa-Maia Jose , Melo Renato , Muntean Liviu , Mironescu Aurel Sandu , Vida Lucian Corneliu , Kourdouli Amar , Popa Mariuca , Mircea Hogea , Vartic Mihaela , Diaconescu Bogdan , Bratu Matei Razvan , Negoi Ionut , Beuran Mircea , Ciubotaru Cezar , Ingabire J C Allen , Mutabazi Alphonse Zeta , Uzabumwana Norbert , Duhoranenayo Dieudonne , Jovine Elio , Zanini Nicola , Landolfo Giovanni , Aljiffry Murad , Idris Faisal , Alghamdi Mohammed Saleh A , Maghrabi Ashraf , Altaf Abdulmalik , Alkaaki Aroub , Khoja Ahmad , Nawawi Abrar , Turkustani Sondos , Khalifah Eyad , Gudal Ahmad , Albiety Adel , Sahel Sarah , Alshareef Reham , Najjar Mohammed , Alzahrani Ahmed , Alghamdi Ahmed , Alhazmi Wedyan , Al Saied Ghiath , Alamoudi Mohammed , Riaz Muhammed Masood , Hassanain Mazen , Alhassan Basmah , Altamimi Abdullah , Alyahya Reem , Al Subaie Norah , Al Bastawis Fatema , Altamimi Afnan , Nouh Thamer , Khan Roaa , Radojkovic Milan , Jeremic Ljiljana , Nestorovic Milica , Law Jia Hao , Tan Keith Say Kwang , Tan Ryan Choon Kiat , Tan Joel Kin , Joel Lau Wen Liang , Lieske Bettina , Chan Xue Wei , Leong Faith Qi Hui , Chong Choon Seng , Koh Sharon , Lee Kai Yin , Lee Kuok Chung , Pluke Kent , Dedekind Britta , Nashidengo Puyearashid , Hampton Mark Ian , Joosten Johanna , Sobnach Sanju , Roodt Liana , Sander Anthony , Pape James , Spence Richard , Maistry Niveshni , Ndwambi Phumudzo , Kinandu Kamau , Tun Myint , Du Toit Frederick , Ellison Quinn , Burger Sule , Grobler D C , Khulu Lawrence Bongani , Moore Rachel , Jennings Vicky , Leusink Astrid , Kariem Nazmie , Gouws Juan , Chu Kathryn , Bougard Heather , Noor Fazlin , Dell Angela , Rayne Sarah , Van Straten Stephanie , Khamajeet Arvin , Tshisola Serge Kapenda , Kabongo Kalangu , Kong Victor , Moodley Yoshan , Anderson Frank , Madiba Thandinkosi , Plooy Flip , Hartford Leila , Chilton Gareth , Karjiker Parveen , Mabitsela Matlou Ernest , Ndlovu Sibongile Ruth , Badicel Maria , Jaich Robert , Ruiz-Tovar Jaime , Garcia-Florez Luis , Otero-Díez Jorge L , Pérez Virginia Ramos , Suárez Nuria Aguado , García Javier Minguez , Moreno Sara Corral , Collado Maria Vicenta , Carneros Virginia Jiménez , Septiem Javier García , Gonzalez Mariana , Picardo Antonio , Esteban Enrique , Ferrero Esther , Ortega Irene , Espin-Basany Eloy , Blanco-Colino Ruth , Andriola Valeria , García Lorena Solar , Contreras Elisa , Bernardo Carmen García , Pagnozzi Janet , Sanz Sandra , León Alberto Miyar , Dorismé Asnel , Rodicio Joseluis , Suarez Aida , Stuva Jessica , Vico Tamara Diaz , Fernandez-Vega Laura , Soldevila-Verdeguer Carla , Sena-Ruiz Fatima , Pujol-Cano Natalia , Diaz-Jover Paula , Garcia-Perez José Maria , Segura-Sampedro Juan Jose , Pineño-Flores Cristina , Ambrona-Zafra David , Craus-Miguel Andrea , Jimenez-Morillas Patricia , Mazzella Angela , Jayathilake A B , Thalgaspitiya S P B , Wijayarathna L S , Wimalge P M S N , Sanni Hakeem Ayomi , Ndajiwo Aliyu , Okenabirhie Ogheneochuko , Homeida Anmar , Younis Abobaker , Omer Omer Abdelbagi , Abdulaziz Mustafa , Mussad Ali , Adam Ali , Cengiz Yucel , Björklund Ida , Ahlqvist Sandra , Ahlqvist Sandra , Thorell Anders , Wogensen Fredrik , Sokratous Arestis , Breistrand Michaela , Thorarinsdottir Hildur , Sigurdadottir Johanna , Nikberg Maziar , Chabok Abbas , Hjertberg Maria , Elbe Peter , Saraste Deborah , Rutkowski Wiktor , Forlin Louise , Niska Karoliina , Sund Malin , Oswald Dennis , Peros Georgios , Bluelle Rafael , Reinisch Katharina , Frey Daniel , Palma Adrian , Raptis Dimitri Aristotle , Zumbühl Lucius , Zuber Markus , Schmid Roger , Werder Gabriela , Nocito Antonio , Gerosa Alexandra , Mahanty Silke , Widmer Lukas Werner , Müller Julia , Gübeli Alissa , Zuk Grzegorz , Gulcicek Osman Bilgin , Altinel Yuksel , Vartanoglu Talar , Kose Emin , Karahan Servet Rustu , Aydin Mehmet Can , Sahbaz Nuri Alper , Halicioglu Ilkay , Alis Halil , Sapci Ipek , Adıyaman Can , Pektaş Ahmet Murat , Cengiz Turgut Bora , Tansoker Ilkan , Işler Vedatcan , Cevik Muazzez , Mutlu Deniz , Ozben Volkan , Ozmen Berk Baris , Bayram Sefa , Yolcu Sinem , Kobal Berna Buse , Toto Ömer Faruk , Çakaloğlu Haluk Cem , Karabulut Kagan , Mutlu Vahit , Ozkan Bahar Busra , Celik Saban , Semiz Anil , Bodur Selim , Gül Enisburak , Murutoglu Busra , Yildirim Reyyan , Baki Bahadir Emre , Arslan Ekin , Guner Ali , Tomas Kadir , Walker Nathan , Shrimanker Nikhita , Stoddart Michael , Cole Simon , Breslin Ryan , Srinivasan Ravi , Elshaer Mohamed , Hunter Kristina , Al-Bahrani Ahmed , Liew Ignatius , Mairs Nora Grace , Rocke Alistair , Dick Lachlan , Qureshi Mobeen , Chowdhury Debkumar , Wright Naomi , Skerritt Clare , Kufeji Dorothy , Ho Adrienne , Dissanayake Tharindra , Tennakoon Athula , Ali Wadah , Lim Shujing Jane , Tan Charlene , O'Neill Stephen , Jones Catrin , Knight Stephen , Nassif Dima , Sharma Abhishek , Warren Oliver , White Rebecca , Mehdi Aia , Post Nathan , Kalakouti Eliana , Dashnyam Enkhbat , Stourton Frederick , Mykoniatis Ioannis , Currow Chelise , Wong Francisca , Gupta Ashish , Shatkar Veeranna , Luck Joshua , Kadiwar Suraj , Smedley Alexander , Wakefield Rebecca , Herrod Philip , Blackwell James , Lund Jonathan , Cohen Fraser , Bandi Ashwath , Giuliani Stefano , Bond-Smith Giles , Pezas Theodore , Farhangmehr Neda , Urbonas Tomas , Perenyei Miklos , Ireland Philip , Blencowe Natalie , Bowling Kirk , Bunting David , Longstaff Lydia , Smart Neil , Keogh Kenneth , Jeon Hyunjin , Iqbal Muhammad Rafaih , Khosla Shivun , Jeffery Anna , Perera James , Teasdale Ella , Ibrahem Ahmad Aboelkassem , Alhammali Tariq , Salama Yahya , Kabariti Rakan , Oram Shaun , Kidd Thomas , Cullen Fraser , Owen Christopher , Wilson Michael , Chiu Seehui , Sarafilovic Hannah , Ploski Jennifer , Evans Elizabeth , Abbas Athar , Kamya Sylvia , Ishak Norzawani , Bisset Carly , Andress Cedar , Chin Ye Ru , Patel Priya , Evans David , Jeffery Anna , Perera James , Haslegrave Aidan , Boggon Adam , Laurie Kirsten , Connor Katie , Mann Thomas , Nepogodiev Dmitri , Mansuri Anahita , Davies Rachel , Griffiths Ewen , Shahbaz Aized Raza , Eng Calvin , Din Farhat , L'Heveder Ariadne , Park Esther H G , Ravishankar Ramanish , McIntosh Kirsten , Yau Jih Dar , Chan Luke , McGarvie Susan , Tang Lingshan , Lim Hui , Yap Suhhuey , Park Jay , Ng Zhan Herr , Mirza Shahrukh , Ang Yun Lin , Walls Luke , Teasdale Ella , Roy Chloe , Paterson-Brown Simon , Camilleri-Brennan Julian , Mclean Kenneth , D'Souza Michelle S , Pronin Savva , Henshall David Ewart , Ter Eunice Zuling , Fouad Dina , Minocha Ashish , English William , Morgan Catrin , Townsend Dominic , Maciejec Laura , Mahdi Shareef , Akpenyi Onyinye , Hall Elisabeth , Caydiid Hanaan , Rob Zakaria , Abbott Tom , Torrance Hew D , Irwin Gareth , Johnston Robin , Gani Mohammed Akil , Gravante Gianpiero , Rajmohan Shivanchan , Majid Kiran , Dindyal Shiva , Smith Christopher , Palliyil Madanmohan , Patel Sanjay , Nicholson Luke , Harvey Neil , Baillie Katie , Shillito Sam , Kershaw Suzanne , Bamford Rebecca , Orton Peter , Reunis Elke , Tyler Robert , Soon Wai Cheong , Jama Guled M , Dhillon Dharminder , Patel Khyati , Nanthakumaran Shayanthan , Heard Rachel , Chen Kar Yan , Barmayehvar Behrad , Datta Uttaran , Kamarajah Sivesh K , Karandikar Sharad , Tani Sobhana Iftekhar , Monaghan Eimear , Donnelly Philippa , Walker Michael , Parakh Jehangirshaw , Blacker Sarah , Kaul Anil , Paramasivan Arjun , Farag Sameh , Nessa Ashrafun , Awadallah Salwa , Lim Jieqi , Ng James Chean Khun , Gash Katherine , Kiran Ravi P , Murray Alice , Etchill Eric , Dasari Mohini , Puyana Juan , Haddad Nadeem , Zielinski Martin , Choudhry Asad , Caliman Celeste , Beamon Mieshia , Duane Therese , Narayanan Ragavan , Swaroop Mamta , Myers Jonathan , Deal Rebecca , Schadde Erik , Hemmila Mark , Napolitano Lena , To Kathleen , Makupe Alex , Musowoya Joseph , Maimbo Mayaba , Van Der Naald Niels , Kumwenda Dayson , Reece-Smith Alex , Otten Kars , Verbeek Anna , Prins Marloes , Suarez Alibeth Andres Baquero , Balmaceda Ruben , Deane Chelsea , Dijan Emilio , Elfiky Mahmoud , Koskenvuo Laura , Thollot Aurore , Limoges Bernard , Capito Carmen , Alexandre Challine , Kotobi Henri , Leroux Julien , Rod Julien , Pinnagoda Kalitha , Henric Nicolas , Azzis Olivier , Rosello Olivier , Francois Poddevin , Etienne Sara , Buisson Philippe , Hmila Sophian , Clegg-Lamptey Joe-Nat , Imoro Osman , Abem Owusu Emmanuel , Wondoh Paul , Papageorgiou Dimitrios , Soulou Vasiliki , Asturias Sabrina , Peña Lenin , Kumar Basant , O'Connor Donal B , Luc Alberto Realis , Russo Alfio Alessandro , Ruzzenente Andrea , Taddei Antonio , Cona Camilla , Bottini Corrado , Pascale Giovanni , Rotunno Giuseppe , Solaini Leonardo , Pascale Marco Maria , Notarnicola Margherita , Corbellino Mario , Sacco Michele , Ubiali Paolo , Cautiero Roberto , Bocchetti Tommaso , Muzio Elena , Guglielmo Vania , Morandi Eugenio , Mao Patrizio , De Luca Emilia , Notarnicola Margherita , Ali Farah Mahmoud , Žilinskas Justas , Strupas Kestutis , Kondrotas Paulius , Baltrunas Robertas , Kutkevicius Juozas , Ignatavicius Povilas , Tan Choy Ling , Siaw Jia Yng , Yam Sir Young , Wilson Ling , Aziz Mohamed Rezal Abdul , Bondin John , Zorrilla Carmina Diaz , Majbar Anass , Sale Danjuma , Abdullahi Lawal , Osagie Olabisi , Faboya Omolara , Fatuga Adedeji , Taiwo Agboola , Nwabuoku Emeka , Bliksøen Marte , Khan Zain Ali , Coronel Jazmin , Miranda Cesar , Vasquez Idelso , Helguero-Santin Luis M , Rickard Jennifer , Mironescu Aurel , Adedeji Adesina , Alqahtani Saleh , Rath Max , Niekerk Michael Van , Koto Modise Zacharia , Matos-Puig Roel , Israelsson Leif , Schuetz Tobias , Yuksek Mahmut Arif , Mericliler Meric , Uluşahin Mehmet , Wolf Bernhard , Fairfield Cameron , Yong Guo Liang , Whitehurst Katharine , Wilson Michael , Redgrave Natalie , Musyoka Caroluce K , Olivier James , Lee Kathryn , Cox Michael , Farhan-Alanie Muhamed M H , Callan Rory , Chibuye Chali , Ali Tebian Hassanein Ahmed , Rekhis Syrine , Rommaneh Muna , Halhouli Oday , Sam Zi Hao , Ismaïl Lawani , Kalles Vasileios , Pata Francesco , Nita Gabriela Elisa , Coccolini Federico , Ansaloni Luca , Pugliesi Thays Brunelli , Pardo Gabriel , Blanco Ruth 
Published: January 2019

Background

The World Health Organization (WHO) Surgical Safety Checklist has fostered safe practice for 10 years, yet its place in emergency surgery has not been assessed on a global scale. The aim of this study was to evaluate reported checklist use in emergency settings and examine the relationship with perioperative mortality in patients who had emergency laparotomy.

Methods

In two multinational cohort studies, adults undergoing emergency laparotomy were compared with those having elective gastrointestinal surgery. Relationships between reported checklist use and mortality were determined using multivariable logistic regression and bootstrapped simulation.

Results

Of 12 296 patients included from 76 countries, 4843 underwent emergency laparotomy. After adjusting for patient and disease factors, checklist use before emergency laparotomy was more common in countries with a high Human Development Index (HDI) (2455 of 2741, 89·6 per cent) compared with that in countries with a middle (753 of 1242, 60·6 per cent; odds ratio (OR) 0·17, 95 per cent c.i. 0·14 to 0·21, P &lt; 0·001) or low (363 of 860, 42·2 per cent; OR 0·08, 0·07 to 0·10, P &lt; 0·001) HDI. Checklist use was less common in elective surgery than for emergency laparotomy in high-HDI countries (risk difference −9·4 (95 per cent c.i. −11·9 to −6·9) per cent; P &lt; 0·001), but the relationship was reversed in low-HDI countries (+12·1 (+7·0 to +17·3) per cent; P &lt; 0·001). In multivariable models, checklist use was associated with a lower 30-day perioperative mortality (OR 0·60, 0·50 to 0·73; P &lt; 0·001). The greatest absolute benefit was seen for emergency surgery in low- and middle-HDI countries.

Conclusion

Checklist use in emergency laparotomy was associated with a significantly lower perioperative mortality rate. Checklist use in low-HDI countries was half that in high-HDI countries.