bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Beyond Smoke and Mirrors
Authors: Richter Burton
Published: November 2014

Global climate change is one of the most important issues humanity faces today. This updated, second edition assesses the sensible, senseless and biased proposals for averting the potentially disastrous consequences of global warming, allowing the reader to draw their own conclusions on switching to more sustainable energy provision. Burton Richter is a Nobel Prize-winning scientist who has served on many US and international review committees on climate change and energy issues. He provides a concise overview of our knowledge and uncertainties within climate change science, discusses current energy demand and supply patterns, and the energy options available to cut emissions of greenhouse gases. Written in non-technical language, this book presents a balanced view of options for moving from our heavy reliance on fossil fuels into a much more sustainable energy system, and is accessible to a wide range of readers without scientific backgrounds - students, policymakers and the concerned citizen.
The Afterlife of the Roman City
Authors: Dey Hendrik W.
Published: November 2014

This book offers a new and surprising perspective on the evolution of cities across the Roman Empire in late antiquity and the early Middle Ages (third to ninth centuries AD). It suggests that the tenacious persistence of leading cities across most of the Roman world is due, far more than previously thought, to the persistent inclination of kings, emperors, caliphs, bishops, and their leading subordinates to manifest the glory of their offices on an urban stage, before crowds of city dwellers. Long after the dissolution of the Roman Empire in the fifth century, these communal leaders continued to maintain and embellish monumental architectural corridors established in late antiquity, the narrow but grandiose urban itineraries, essentially processional ways, in which their parades and solemn public appearances consistently unfolded. Hendrik W. Dey's approach selectively integrates urban topography with the actors who unceasingly strove to animate it for many centuries.
Chawton Manor and its Owners
Authors: Austen Leigh William , Knight Montagu George
Published: November 2014

Chawton House is famous today as the home of Jane Austen's brother Edward, who was adopted by a wealthy relative, Thomas Knight, and inherited his Hampshire estate. Edward offered the former bailiff's cottage close to the great house to his mother, who lived there with her unmarried daughters Jane and Cassandra. The house is now a study centre and library, for women's writing especially, but when this book was published in 1911 the building was still the Knight family home. Montagu Knight, the grandson of Edward, supplied material from the archives of the manor, while the book was largely written by his cousin William Austen Leigh, the son of Jane's nephew and memorialist. It covers the history of the manor from the Norman Conquest to the death of the second Edward in 1879, and, apart from the Austen connection, is a fascinating illustrated history of a typical English parish.
Advanced Concepts in Quantum Mechanics
Authors: Esposito Giampiero , Marmo Giuseppe , Miele Gennaro , Sudarshan George
Published: November 2014

Introducing a geometric view of fundamental physics, starting from quantum mechanics and its experimental foundations, this book is ideal for advanced undergraduate and graduate students in quantum mechanics and mathematical physics. Focusing on structural issues and geometric ideas, this book guides readers from the concepts of classical mechanics to those of quantum mechanics. The book features an original presentation of classical mechanics, with the choice of topics motivated by the subsequent development of quantum mechanics, especially wave equations, Poisson brackets and harmonic oscillators. It also presents new treatments of waves and particles and the symmetries in quantum mechanics, as well as extensive coverage of the experimental foundations.
Coding of substitution dynamical systems as shifts of finite type
Authors: SURER PAUL
Published: November 2014

We develop a theory that allows us to code dynamical systems induced by primitive substitutions continuously as shifts of finite type in many different ways. The well-known prefix–suffix coding turns out to correspond to one special case. We precisely analyse the basic properties of these codings (injectivity, coding of the periodic points, properties of the presentation graph, interaction with the shift map). A lot of examples illustrate the theory and show that, depending on the particular coding, several amazing effects may occur. The results give new insights into the theory of substitution dynamical systems and might serve as a powerful tool for further researches.
Global Warming Deniers
Authors: McNulty Geoff
Published: November 2014

Over recent years, I have engaged with mountains of media information dealing with the general subject of Global Warming and Climate Change and overall, the argument ‘for’ has been very convincing. So I pause at this point and own up to holding the view that the earth is indeed warming at an (alarmingly) accelerated pace, however I acknowledge this is by no means a universally shared perspective.
Double Langmuir frequency radiation due to transformation processes in turbulent plasma
Authors: Pavlenko V. N. , Panchenko V. G. , Beloshenko N. A.
Published: November 2014

We investigate the transformation process of longitudinal Langmuir wave into the transverse electromagnetic wave in turbulent plasma subjected to an upper hybrid pump. The case, when upper hybrid pump wave decays into daughter and ion – sound waves is considered. The transformation of the Langmuir wave into electromagnetic one is considered as the possible mechanism of energy radiation from the plasma. It is shown that the frequency of such radiation is chosen to be near double electron Langmuir frequency 2ωpe. These results give us the possibility to explain the nature of radiation from the laboratory and cosmic plasmas (particularly, from the solar crown).
Engineering Compassion: The Institutional Structure of Virtue
Authors: GREGORY JAMES
Published: November 2014

This paper offers a constructive critique of a recent account, in this journal, of the place of compassion as a virtue within social policy. The critique suggests that the ‘compassion thesis’ collapses into an account of duty rather than virtue, and that compassion as a virtue can only be exercised by individuals, and not by institutions. The paper goes on to suggest an alternative account of the relationship between social policy institutions and the virtue of compassion. It develops a broadly Humean account of ‘sympathy’ triggered by proximity to distress. In this alternative account, social policy is used to create the background conditions in which individuals are moved, and able, to exercise the virtues of sympathy and compassion. Special attention is paid to housing and mixed communities policy as a means of creating the social proximity that may underpin a welfare culture of understanding rather than blame.
International Criminal Procedure – A Comparative Book Review
Authors: ÖBERG MARKO DIVAC
Published: November 2014

What a difference a good textbook would have made twenty years ago, when the first judges embarked upon the adventure of creating a new international criminal procedure. Of course, back then there was little to draw upon other than domestic criminal systems. Fast forward twenty years, and a series of international(ized) criminal tribunals and courts have created a rich and sprawling body of international criminal procedural law. So rich, in fact, that it threatens to overwhelm the practitioner or scholar struggling to make sure that he or she has not overlooked anything important. So the recent series of books devoted to the topic of international criminal procedure is welcome indeed. The present book review surveys and compares four of these volumes.
Risk of malnutrition and zinc deficiency in community-living elderly men and women: the Tromsø Study
Authors: Kvamme Jan-Magnus , Grønli Ole , Jacobsen Bjarne K , Florholmen Jon
Published: November 2014

Objective

Elderly people may be at particular risk of Zn deficiency due to an increased prevalence of malnutrition. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the Zn status in community-living elderly people at risk of malnutrition.

Design

Cross-sectional population-based survey. Individuals at risk of malnutrition were identified by the Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool. Zn status was assessed by measuring serum Zn. Logistic regression was performed to evaluate the association between the risk of malnutrition and Zn deficiency.

Setting

Municipality of Tromsø, Norway.

Subjects

Random sample of 743 men and 778 women aged 65–87 years.

Results

Zn deficiency was found in 10·1 % of the participants, including 13·1 % of the men and 7·3 % of the women. Among the men and women at risk of malnutrition, 31·0 % and 12·7 %, respectively, had Zn deficiency. In a model adjusted for age, gender, serum albumin and smoking status, Zn deficiency was positively associated with the risk of malnutrition (OR=2·2; 95 % CI 1·3, 3·6).

Conclusions

Overall, Zn deficiency was found in one out of ten community-living elderly people and was associated with the risk of malnutrition. Our results encourage the assessment of Zn status in elderly people at risk of malnutrition, with a special emphasis on elderly men.
Improving Body Satisfaction
Authors: Martijn Carolien , Alleva Jessica M. , Jansen Anita
Published: November 2014

Feelings of body dissatisfaction are common in Western society, especially in women and girls. More than innocent discontent, body dissatisfaction can have serious consequences such as depression and eating disorders. The current article discusses the nature of body dissatisfaction, how it develops and how it is currently being treated. We also discuss novel strategies to increase body satisfaction that work on the automatic system (e.g., by retraining attentional and conditioning processes), since recent research suggests that appearance-related information is processed automatically. We suggest that extant methods should be combined with these novel strategies, in order to optimally improve body dissatisfaction and to prevent its detrimental consequences.
Regulation of autophagy by polyphenolic compounds as a potential therapeutic strategy for cancer
Authors: Hasima N , Ozpolat B
Published: November 2014

Autophagy, a lysosomal degradation pathway for cellular constituents and organelles, is an adaptive and essential process required for cellular homeostasis. Although autophagy functions as a survival mechanism in response to cellular stressors such as nutrient or growth factor deprivation, it can also lead to a non-apoptotic form of programmed cell death (PCD) called autophagy-induced cell death or autophagy-associated cell death (type II PCD). Current evidence suggests that cell death through autophagy can be induced as an alternative to apoptosis (type I PCD), with therapeutic purpose in cancer cells that are resistant to apoptosis. Thus, modulating autophagy is of great interest in cancer research and therapy. Natural polyphenolic compounds that are present in our diet, such as rottlerin, genistein, quercetin, curcumin, and resveratrol, can trigger type II PCD via various mechanisms through the canonical (Beclin-1 dependent) and non-canonical (Beclin-1 independent) routes of autophagy. The capacity of these compounds to provide a means of cancer cell death that enhances the effects of standard therapies should be taken into consideration for designing novel therapeutic strategies. This review focuses on the autophagy- and cell death-inducing effects of these polyphenolic compounds in cancer.
A straightforward alkynylation of Li and Mg metalated heterocycles with sulfonylacetylenes
Authors: Marzo Leyre , Pérez Ignacio , Yuste Francisco , Alemán José , García Ruano José Luis
Published: November 2014

Coupling of alkynyl moieties to heterocyclic rings, without using transition metals, can be easily performed by the reaction of aryl or heteroaryl sulfonylacetylenes with heteroaryl-Li compounds or their corresponding less reactive magnesium derivatives.
Tuning intramolecular electron and energy transfer processes in novel conjugates of La2@C80 and electron accepting subphthalocyanines
Authors: Feng Lai , Rudolf Marc , Trukhina Olga , Slanina Zdenek , Uhlik Filip , Lu Xing , Torres Tomas , Guldi Dirk M. , Akasaka Takeshi
Published: November 2014

Two conjugates with La2@C80 and subphthalocyanine (SubPc) have been prepared and characterized. The strong electron-donating character of La2@C80 is revealed by a series of photophysics studies.
Ordered nanoparticle arrays interconnected by molecular linkers: electronic and optoelectronic properties
Authors: Liao Jianhui , Blok Sander , van der Molen Sense Jan , Diefenbach Sandra , Holleitner Alexander W. , Schönenberger Christian , Vladyka Anton , Calame Michel
Published: November 2014

Arrays of metal nanoparticles in an organic matrix have attracted a lot of interest due to their diverse electronic and optoelectronic properties.
Construction of dentate bonded TiO2–CdSe heterostructures with enhanced photoelectrochemical properties: versatile labels toward photoelectrochemical and electrochemical sensing
Authors: Gao Picheng , Ma Hongmin , Yan Tao , Wu Dan , Ren Xiang , Yang Jiaojiao , Du Bin , Wei Qin
Published: November 2014

TiO2–CdSe heterostructures with enhanced photoelectrochemical properties were prepared and used as versatile labels toward photoelectrochemical and electrochemical biosensing.
Phase transitions and dielectric properties of a hexagonal ABX3perovskite-type organic–inorganic hybrid compound: [C3H4NS][CdBr3]
Authors: Liao Wei-Qiang , Ye Heng-Yun , Zhang Yi , Xiong Ren-Gen
Published: November 2014

The perovskite-type hybrid thiazolium tribromocadmate(ii) exhibits two phase transitions at 180 and 146 K, accompanied by remarkable dielectric responses.
FIrpic: archetypal blue phosphorescent emitter for electroluminescence
Authors: Baranoff Etienne , Curchod Basile F. E.
Published: November 2014

FIrpic is the most investigated bis-cyclometallated iridium complex. This Perspective reviews the main experimental and theoretical aspects of FIrpic as well as its use as sky-blue emitter for OLED.
Breaking of a bond: when is it statistical?
Authors: Yadav Pankaj Kumar , Keshavamurthy Srihari
Published: November 2014

Unimolecular dissociation dynamics of a model three degree of freedom triatomic molecule is studied in order to understand the mechanisms for deviations from statisticality. Performing a wavelet based time–frequency analysis of the dynamics allows for the dynamics to be followed on the network of nonlinear resonances, also called as the Arnold web. The results indicate that the long lifetime trajectories spend a considerable amount of time trapped near junctions in the web. It is argued that characterizing the dynamics near such junctions might lead to deeper insights into the origins of nonstatistical dynamics.
Agavins from Agave angustifolia and Agave potatorum affect food intake, body weight gain and satiety-related hormones (GLP-1 and ghrelin) in mice
Authors: Santiago-García Patricia Araceli , López Mercedes G.
Published: November 2014

Short-DP agavins fromA. angustifoliaHaw. andA. potatorumZucc. modulated satiety hormone secretion (GLP-1 and ghrelin).
An artificial enzymatic reaction cascade for a cell-free bio-system based on glycerol
Authors: Gao Chao , Li Zhong , Zhang Lijie , Wang Chao , Li Kun , Ma Cuiqing , Xu Ping
Published: November 2014

(3R)-Acetoin was produced from glycerol by a cell-free bio-system comprised of Aldo, catalase, DHAD, ALS and ALDC.
Niosomes based on synthetic cationic lipids for gene delivery: the influence of polar head-groups on the transfection efficiency in HEK-293, ARPE-19 and MSC-D1 cells
Authors: Ojeda E. , Puras G. , Agirre M. , Zárate J. , Grijalvo S. , Pons R. , Eritja R. , Martinez-Navarrete G. , Soto-Sanchez C. , Fernández E. , Pedraz J. L.
Published: November 2014

We designed niosomes based on three lipids that differed only in the polar-head group to analyze their influence on the transfection efficiency.
Mild Ti-mediated transformation of t-butyl thio-ethers into thio-acetates
Authors: Pijper Thomas C. , Robertus Jort , Browne Wesley R. , Feringa Ben L.
Published: November 2014

Rapid conversion of thio-ethers to thio-acetates using TiCl4that tolerates a wide variety of functionalities, in good to excellent yields.
Cesium carbonate as a surface modification material for organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells with enhanced performance
Authors: Dong Haopeng , Guo Xudong , Li Wenzhe , Wang Liduo
Published: November 2014

Cs2CO3was used as surface modification material for organic–inorganic perovskite solar cells to retard the charge recombination at the mp-TiO2surface, leading to enhanced performance.
Aminosilane-functionalization of a nanoporous Y-type zeolite for application in a cellulose acetate based mixed matrix membrane for CO2separation
Authors: Sanaeepur Hamidreza , Kargari Ali , Nasernejad Bahram
Published: November 2014

The micro-sized nanoporous Y-type zeolites were silylated and incorporated into a homogeneous cellulose acetate membrane which resulted in an improvement in the morphology and CO2/N2 separation properties of the corresponding mixed matrix membranes.
Composition-tuned SnxGe1−xS nanocrystals for enhanced-performance lithium ion batteries
Authors: Lim Young Rok , Im Hyung Soon , Cho Yong Jae , Park Jeunghee , Cha Eun Hee , Cho Won Il
Published: November 2014

Complete composition-tuned SnxGe1−xS alloy nanocrystals exhibit excellent cycling performances in lithium ion batteries, with the greatest rate capability for Sn-rich compositions.
Production of novel biodiesel from transesterification over KF-modified Ca–Al hydrotalcite catalyst
Authors: Chen Juan , Jia Lihua , Guo Xiangfeng , Xiang Lijun , Lou Shengfeng
Published: November 2014

A series of KF-modified Ca–Al hydrotalcite (xKF/HTL-M) solid base catalysts was prepared in methanol, and used in the production of a novel biodiesel of ethylene glycol monomethyl ether monolaurate.
Copper incorporated CuxMo6S8 (x ≥ 1) Chevrel-phase cathode materials synthesized by chemical intercalation process for rechargeable magnesium batteries
Authors: Woo Sang-Gil , Yoo Jong-Yeol , Cho Woosuk , Park Min-Sik , Kim Ki Jae , Kim Jae-Hun , Kim Jeom-Soo , Kim Young-Jun
Published: November 2014

We propose an effective method to control the composition of CuxMo6S8 (x ≥ 1), allowing single-phase particles with a homogeneous size distribution.
Inorganic base catalyzed synthesis of (2-amino-3-cyano-4H-chromene-4-yl) phosphonate derivatives via multi-component reaction under mild and efficient conditions
Authors: Dai Peng , Zha Gaofeng , Lai Xiaoyan , Liu Wei , Gan Qianwen , Shen Yongcun
Published: November 2014

Various phosphonate derivatives were synthesized in good to excellent yields by condensation of substituted salicylaldehydes, malononitrile and phosphites using anhydrous LiOH as a catalyst under mild conditions.
Synthesis, characterization and photovoltaic properties of benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]dithiophene-bridged molecules
Authors: Liu Xinli , Li Shusheng , Li Jinhua , Wang Jian , Tan Zhan'ao , Yan Feng , Li Hua , Lo Yih Hsing , Chui Chung-Hin , Wong Wai-Yeung
Published: November 2014

Four benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]dithiophene (BDT) centred small molecules with different acceptor and end-capping groups were synthesized as the donor materials for organic solar cells.
Design and development of papain–urea loaded PVA nanofibers for wound debridement
Authors: Shoba Ekambaram , Lakra Rachita , Kiran Manikantan Syamala , Korrapati Purna Sai
Published: November 2014

Nanofiber based delivery of enzyme for wound debridement with sustained functional integrity.
Spray drying as a novel and scalable fabrication method for nanostructured CsH2PO4, Pt-thin-film composite electrodes for solid acid fuel cells
Authors: Suryaprakash R. C. , Lohmann F. P. , Wagner M. , Abel B. , Varga A.
Published: November 2014

Spray drying was explored as a new CsH2PO4 nanoparticle synthesis method and a systematic parameter study was conducted to discover the set for high deposition rate and small particle sizes for solid acid fuel cell electrodes.
Phenylalanine iminoboronates as new phenylalanine hydroxylase modulators
Authors: Montalbano Francesco , Leandro João , Farias Gonçalo D. V. F. , Lino Paulo R. , Guedes Rita C. , Vicente João B. , Leandro Paula , Gois Pedro M. P.
Published: November 2014

Herein we report the discovery of new modulators of human phenylalanine hydroxylase (hPAH) inspired by the structure of its substrate and regulatorl-phenylalanine.
Spatially confined electric field effect for improved resistive switching behavior of a Ni/Ta-embedded TaOx/NiSi device
Authors: Park Jingyu , Jeon Heeyoung , Kim Hyunjung , Jang Woochool , Seo Hyungtak , Jeon Hyeongtag
Published: November 2014

In this study, Ni/TaOx/NiSi and Ni/TaOx/Ta/TaOx/NiSi devices were fabricated, and the resistive switching (RS) behaviors were investigated.
Effect of air-gap length on carbon dioxide stripping performance of a surface modified polysulfone hollow fiber membrane contactor
Authors: Rahbari-Sisakht M. , Korminouri F. , Emadzadeh D. , Matsuura T. , Ismail A. F.
Published: November 2014

Surface Modifying Macromolecule (SMM) blended PSf hollow fibers were spun at different air-gaps to evaluate CO2 stripping from aqueous DEA solution and water.
First synthesis of naphthalene annulated oxepins
Authors: Dobelmann L. , Parham A. H. , Büsing A. , Buchholz H. , König B.
Published: November 2014

Highly condensed oxepins have been prepared in good yields from their corresponding diols by etherification using p-toluenesulfonic acid.
New mixed-ligand cyanohydroxo octahedral cluster complex trans-[Re6S8(CN)2(OH)4]4−, its luminescence properties and chemical reactivity
Authors: Mironov Yuri V. , Brylev Konstantin A. , Smolentsev Anton I. , Ermolaev Andrey V. , Kitamura Nobory , Fedorov Vladimir E.
Published: November 2014

A new mixed-ligand anionic cluster complex trans-[Re6S8(CN)2(OH)4]4− has been synthesized and characterized by different physical methods. In addition, two representative reactions confirming the composition and structure of the anion have been carried out.
A quinazoline derivative as quick-response red-shifted reporter for nanomolar Al3+and applicable to living cell staining
Authors: Mukherjee Manjira , Sen Buddhadeb , Pal Siddhartha , Banerjee Samya , Lohar Somenath , Chattopadhyay Pabitra
Published: November 2014

A newly designed and structurally characterized non-cytotoxic quinazoline based ratiometric chemosensor (L) selectively detects Al3+ions upto 1.48 nM through ICT and CHEF processes in water–DMSO (9 : 1, v/v) and it is also applicable in living cell staining.
Recyclable catalyst for catalytic hydrogenation of phenylacetylene by coupling Pd nanoparticles with highly compressible graphene aerogels
Authors: Zhang Xu , Wang Zhiyu , Li Shuang , Wang Chunlei , Qiu Jieshan
Published: November 2014

Highly compressible graphene aerogels were made by chemical reduction of graphene oxide with HI, which act as recyclable catalyst to exhibit excellent catalytic performance towards selective semi-hydrogenation reaction after loading Pd nanoparticles.
Nanoparticle mediated delivery of a GST inhibitor ethacrynic acid for sensitizing platinum based chemotherapy
Authors: Yang Qiang , Xiao Haihua , Cai Jing , Xie Zhigang , Wang Zehua , Jing Xiabin
Published: November 2014

Nanoparticles loaded with ethacrynic acid and DACHPt showed potential to sensitize cancer cells to chemotherapyin vitroandin vivo.
Membrane protein mobility depends on the length of extra-membrane domains and on the protein concentration
Authors: Guigas Gernot , Weiss Matthias
Published: November 2014

Diffusion of membrane proteins is not only determined by the membrane anchor friction but also by the overall concentration of proteins and the length of their extra-membrane domains.
Hierarchical superstructures from a star-shaped molecule consisting of a cyclic oligosiloxane with cyanobiphenyl moieties
Authors: Kim Dae-Yoon , Park Minwook , Lee Sang-A , Kim Soeun , Hsu Chih-Hao , Kim Namil , Kuo Shiao-Wei , Yoon Tae-Ho , Jeong Kwang-Un
Published: November 2014

A star-shaped molecule synthesized by connecting four cyanobiphenyl mesogens to the periphery of a super-hydrophobic and ultra-flexible cyclic siloxane ring with hexyl chains formed hierarchical layered superstructures.
Manganese-induced neurotoxicity: from C. elegans to humans
Authors: Chen Pan , Chakraborty Sudipta , Peres Tanara V. , Bowman Aaron B. , Aschner Michael
Published: November 2014

Manganese (Mn) is one of the most abundant metals on the earth. It is required for normal cellular activities, but overexposure leads to toxicity. Neurons are more susceptible to Mn-induced toxicity than other cells, and accumulation of Mn in the brain results in Manganism that presents with Parkinson's disease (PD)-like symptoms. In the last decade, a number of Mn transporters have been identified, which improves our understanding of Mn transport in and out of cells. However, the mechanism of Mn-induced neurotoxicity is only partially uncovered, with further research needed to explore the whole picture of Mn-induced toxicity. In this review, we will address recent progress in Mn-induced neurotoxicity from C. elegans to humans, and explore future directions that will help understand the mechanisms of its neurotoxicity.
Optimal filtering for discrete‐time linear systems with multiplicative and time‐correlated additive measurement noises
Authors: Liu Wei
Published: November 2014

The filtering problem for discrete‐time linear systems with multiplicative and time‐correlated additive measurement noises is considered where the multiplicative noises are zero‐mean white noise sequences, and the time‐correlated additive measurement noise is described by a linear system model with white noise. Using the method of measurement differencing and some results obtained in this study, a novel algorithm for optimal filtering of the system under consideration is proposed in the sense of linear minimum mean‐square error. The proposed algorithm is recursive, and does not increase computation and storage load with time. The convergence of the proposed algorithm is investigated. Computer simulations are carried out to demonstrate the performance of the proposed algorithm. The simulation results show the superiority of the proposed algorithm.
Wind power prediction at southwest coast of Korea from measured wind data
Authors: Kim Dong Hyawn , Lee Gee Nam , Kwon Osoon
Published: November 2014

Generated power by 5 MW wind turbine was predicted by using measured wind data at weather station called Herald of Meteorological and Oceanographic Special Unit-1 (HeMOSU-1) which is installed at south west coast of Korea. Transient time history of turbulent wind was generated from 10-min mean wind speed stored at HeMOSU-1 and then it was used in estimation of electric power by Bladed. Those estimated powers were used in both polynomial regression and neural network based power estimation. They were compared with each other for daily power and yearly power. Effect of mean wind speed and turbulence intensity was quantitatively analyzed and discussed. This technique further can be used to assess lifetime power of wind turbine.
Investigation of the influence of coadsorbent dye upon the interfacial structure of dye-sensitized solar cells
Authors: Honda M. , Yanagida M. , Han L. , Miyano K.
Published: November 2014

The interface between Ru(tcterpy)(NCS)3TBA2 [black dye (BD); tcterpy = 4,4′,4″-tricarboxy-2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridine, NCS = thiocyanato, TBA = tetrabutylammonium cation] and nanocrystalline TiO2, as found in dye-sensitized solar cells, is investigated by soft-X-ray synchrotron radiation and compared with the adsorption structure of cis-Ru(Hdcbpy)2(NCS)2TBA2 (N719; dcbpy = 4,4′-dicarboxy-2,2′-bipyridine) on TiO2 to elucidate the relationship between the adsorption mode of BD and the photocurrent with and without coadsorbed indoline dye D131. The depth profile is characterized with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and S K-edge X-ray absorption fine structure using synchrotron radiation. Both datasets indicate that one of the isothiocyanate groups of BD interacts with TiO2 via its S atom when the dye is adsorbed from a single-component solution. In contrast, the interaction is slightly suppressed when D131 is coadsorbed, indicated by the fact that the presence of D131 changes the adsorption mode of BD. Based upon these results, the number of BD dye molecules interacting with the substrate is shown to decrease by 10% when D131 is coadsorbed, and the dissociation is shown to be related to the short-circuit photocurrent in the 600–800 nm region. The design of a procedure to promote the preferential adsorption of D131 therefore leads to an improvement of the short-circuit current and conversion efficiency.
Processes and properties of edge-localised instabilities in 2T 2MA plasmas in the Joint European Torus
Authors: Webster A. J. , Webster S. J. ,   JET-EFDA Contributors
Published: November 2014

During July 2012, 150 almost identical H-mode plasmas were consecutively created in the Joint European Torus, providing a combined total of approximately 8 minutes of steady-state plasma with 15 000 Edge Localised Modes (ELMs). In principle, each of those 15 000 ELMs are statistically equivalent. Here, the changes in edge density and plasma energy associated with those ELMs are explored, using the spikes in Beryllium II (527 nm) radiation as an indicator for the onset of an ELM. Clearly different timescales are observed during the ELM process. Edge temperature falls over a 2 ms timescale, edge density and pressure fall over a 5 ms timescale, and there is an additional 10 ms timescale that is consistent with a resistive relaxation of the plasma's edge. The statistical properties of the energy and density losses due to the ELMs are explored. For these plasmas the ELM energy (δE) is found to be approximately independent of the time between ELMs, despite the average ELM energy (〈δE〉) and average ELM frequency (f) being consistent with the scaling of 〈δE〉∝1/f. Instead, beyond the first 0.02 s of waiting time between ELMs, the energy losses due to individual ELMs are found to be statistically the same. Surprisingly no correlation is found between the energies of consecutive ELMs either. A weak link is found between the density drop and the ELM waiting time. Consequences of these results for ELM control and modelling are discussed.
Smartphone-interfaced lab-on-a-chip devices for field-deployable enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
Authors: Chen Arnold , Wang Royal , Bever Candace R. S. , Xing Siyuan , Hammock Bruce D. , Pan Tingrui
Published: November 2014

The emerging technologies on mobile-based diagnosis and bioanalytical detection have enabled powerful laboratory assays such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to be conducted in field-use lab-on-a-chip devices. In this paper, we present a low-cost universal serial bus (USB)-interfaced mobile platform to perform microfluidic ELISA operations in detecting the presence and concentrations of BDE-47 (2,2′,4,4′-tetrabromodiphenyl ether), an environmental contaminant found in our food supply with adverse health impact. Our point-of-care diagnostic device utilizes flexible interdigitated carbon black electrodes to convert electric current into a microfluidic pump via gas bubble expansion during electrolytic reaction. The micropump receives power from a mobile phone and transports BDE-47 analytes through the microfluidic device conducting competitive ELISA. Using variable domain of heavy chain antibodies (commonly referred to as single domain antibodies or Nanobodies), the proposed device is sensitive for a BDE-47 concentration range of 10−3–104 μg/l, with a comparable performance to that uses a standard competitive ELISA protocol. It is anticipated that the potential impact in mobile detection of health and environmental contaminants will prove beneficial to our community and low-resource environments.
Facilitating Biomimetic Syntheses of Borrerine Derived Alkaloids by Means of Flow-Chemical Methods
Authors: Kamptmann Sonja B. , Ley Steven V.
Published: November 2014

Flow chemistry is widely used nowadays in synthetic chemistry and has increasingly been applied to complex natural product synthesis. However, to date flow chemistry has not found a place in the area of biomimetic synthesis. Here we show the syntheses of borrerine derived alkaloids, indicating that we can use biomimetic principles in flow to prepare complex architectures in a single step.
Selective Solvent Extraction of Silver(I) by Tris-Pyridyl Tripodal Ligands and X-Ray Structure of a Silver(I) Coordination Polymer Incorporating One Such Ligand
Authors: Bray David. J. , Clegg Jack K. , Wenzel Marco , Gloe Kerstin , McMurtrie John C. , Jolliffe Katrina A. , Gloe Karsten , Lindoy Leonard F.
Published: November 2014

Two tripodal ligands, each derived from 1,1,1-tris(hydroxymethyl)ethane and terminated respectively by 4-pyridyl (L1) and 2-pyridyl groups (L2), have been synthesised. Competitive seven-metal extraction studies (H2O/CHCl3) incorporating equal concentrations of cobalt(ii), nickel(ii), copper(ii), zinc(ii), silver(i), cadmium(ii), and lead(ii) in the aqueous phase and L1 or L2 in the organic phase showed selective extraction of silver(i) in each case. A parallel solvent extraction experiment involving a related tripodal tris-pyridyl ligand (L3) based on a 1,3,5-substituted aryl ring scaffold and incorporating thioether sulfurs in each tripod arm also showed extraction selectivity for silver(i); extraction efficiencies towards this metal ion fall in the order L3 > L1 > L2. Physical data are in accord with L1 forming a capsule-like complex of type [Ag3L12]3+ in which silver ions link pairs of pyridyl groups from different ligands. In contrast, L2 yields a complex of type [Ag2L2(NO)3]n whose X-ray structure showed it to be a two-dimensional coordination polymer in which the three pyridyl donors of each L2 coordinate to three silver(i) centres, two of which are crystallographically distinct, with the centres also bonded to bidentate and/or bridging bidentate nitrato groups.
Simulating forage production of Marandu palisade grass (Brachiaria brizantha) with the CROPGRO-Perennial Forage model
Authors: Pequeno Diego N. L. , Pedreira Carlos G. S. , Boote Kenneth J.
Published: November 2014

Forage-based livestock systems are complex, and interactions among animals, plants and the environment exist at several levels of complexity, which can be evaluated using computer modelling. Despite the importance of grasslands for livestock production in Brazil, tools to assist producers to make decisions in forage–livestock systems are scarce. The objective of this research was to use the CROPGRO-Perennial Forage model to simulate the irrigated and rainfed growth of Marandu palisade grass (Brachiaria brizantha (A. Rich.) Stapf. cv. Marandu), the most widely grown forage in Brazil, by using parameters previously calibrated for the tall-growing cv. Xaraes of the same species, under non-limiting water conditions. The model was calibrated for the irrigated experiment and then tested against independent data of the rainfed experiment. Data used to calibrate the model included forage production, plant-part composition, leaf photosynthesis, leaf area index, specific leaf area, light interception and plant nitrogen (N) concentration from a field experiment conducted during 2011–13 in Piracicaba, SP, Brazil. Agronomic and morpho-physiological differences between the two grasses, such as maximum leaf photosynthesis, N concentration and temperature effect on growth rate, were considered in the calibration. Under rainfed conditions, the simulations using the Penman–Monteith FAO 56 method gave a more realistic water stress response than the Priestley and Taylor method. After model parameterisation, the mean simulated herbage yield was 4582 and 5249 kg ha–1 for 28 days and 42 days irrigated, and 4158 and 4735 kg ha–1 for 28 days and 42 days rainfed, respectively. The root-mean-square error ranged from 464 to 526 kg ha–1 and the D-statistic from 0.907 to 0.962. The simulated/observed ratios ranged from 0.977 to 1.001. These results suggest that the CROPGRO-Perennial Forage model can be used to simulate growth of Marandu palisade grass adequately under irrigated and rainfed conditions.
Aspects of the biology and life history of largespot pompano, Trachinotus botla, in South Africa
Authors: Parker D. , Booth A. J.
Published: November 2014

Trachinotus botla is an important recreational surf zone-dependent fish species distributed in the Indo-west Pacific from South Africa to Australia. In South Africa it is restricted to the northern KwaZulu-Natal coast. Biological investigations revealed that it is a fast growing species that attains a maximum age of ~7 years. Males and females sexually matured in their third year. It has a protracted summer spawning season with evidence of serial spawning behaviour. T. botla is an opportunistic predator with a generalist diet, with fish feeding on a wide variety of prey items particularly those that are temporally ‘superabundant’. Small fish fed predominantly on copepods and terrestrial insects, whereas larger fish consumed bivalves and crabs. Teleosts, primarily engraulids, were important components to the diet of fish of all sizes. An ontogenetic dietary shift was observed just after sexual maturity (~300-mm fork length) that is possibly linked to a change in habitat preference with larger fish foraging on deeper reefs.
Influences of melatonin treatment, melatonin receptor 1A (MTNR1A) and kisspeptin (KiSS-1) gene polymorphisms on first conception in Sarda ewe lambs
Authors: Luridiana S. , Mura M. C. , Daga C. , Cosso G. , Bodano S. , Farci F. , Zidda F. , Carcangiu V.
Published: November 2014

In order to investigate if the melatonin receptor 1A (MTNR1A) and kisspeptin (KiSS-1) genes influence the reproductive response to melatonin treatment, 510 Sarda ewe lambs were divided into groups C (control) and M; Group M received one melatonin implant (18 mg). After 35 days rams were introduced for 40 days and subsequent lambing dates and number of newborns were recorded. The MTNR1A gene Exon II and KiSS-1 gene Exon I were amplified and genotyped by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis. Two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs; C606T and G612A) in MTNR1A and one (G1035A) in KiSS-1 were found. The most frequent genotypes were G/G (63%) and C/C (53%) for MTNR1A and G/G (92%) for KiSS-1. Treated animals showed a higher lambing rate (P < 0.05) and an advanced lambing date (P < 0.05) compared with controls. The three SNPs did not influence the onset of reproductive activity. The majority of the G/G animals of Group M lambed before 190 days after ram introduction (P < 0.05), while in Group C a higher number of G/G animals lambed after this date. Data revealed the positive effect of melatonin treatment on the time of first conception in ewe lambs and highlighted that the G/G genotype of the MTNR1A gene is able to influence the reproductive response to melatonin treatment.
Recent climate and air pollution impacts on Indian agriculture
Authors: Burney Jennifer , Ramanathan V.
Published: November 2014

Significance

Rising temperatures because of increased emissions of long-lived greenhouse gases (LLGHGs) have had and will continue to have significant negative impacts on crop yields. However, other climate changes caused by short-lived climate pollutants (SLCPs) are also significant for agricultural productivity. The SLCPs black carbon and ozone impact temperature, precipitation, radiation, and—in the case of ozone—are directly toxic to plants. To our knowledge, this study provides the first integrated historical examination of the role of both SLCPs and LLGHGs on wheat and rice yields in India, and finds that the majority of losses are attributable to SLCPs. Agricultural cobenefits from SLCP mitigation are expected to be large, and because SLCPs have short atmospheric lifetimes, almost immediate.
Isotopically nonstationary
13
C flux analysis of changes in
Arabidopsis thaliana
leaf metabolism due to high light acclimation
Authors: Ma Fangfang , Jazmin Lara J. , Young Jamey D. , Allen Doug K.
Published: November 2014

Significance

To our knowledge, this is the first time that isotopically nonstationary
13
C flux analysis has been successfully applied to map photoautotrophic fluxes in a terrestrial plant system. Our analysis reveals alterations in photosynthetic carbon flux in response to high light acclimation. We provide a quantitative description of metabolism that accommodates acclimation and estimates changes in important fluxes that are difficult to measure. This study demonstrates a comprehensive approach to map the flow and fate of carbon within plant metabolic networks.
c-Abl tyrosine kinase promotes adipocyte differentiation by targeting PPAR-gamma 2
Authors: Keshet Rom , Bryansker Kraitshtein Zina , Shanzer Matan , Adler Julia , Reuven Nina , Shaul Yosef
Published: November 2014

Significance

Adipocytes evolve from preadipocyte progenitors by the process of adipogenesis. This process is governed by the adipogenic master regulator peroxisome proliferator–activator receptor gamma (PPARγ). PPARγ is also involved in metabolic homeostasis and in pathological states such as obesity and diabetes. Furthermore, a common genetic polymorphism of PPARγ, encoding the proline 12 to alanine substitution (Pro12Ala) variant, is clinically important. Investigating PPARγ regulation is therefore vital for understanding these physiological and pathological conditions. We show that the tyrosine kinase Abelson murine leukemia viral oncogene (c-Abl) is an adipogenic key regulator. c-Abl promotes adipogenesis by phosphorylation and subsequent stabilization of PPARγ. Importantly, the reduced binding affinity of the Pro12Ala variant to c-Abl provides an explanation for this genetic variant phenotype.
Differential gradients of interaction affinities drive efficient targeting and recycling in the GET pathway
Authors: Rome Michael E. , Chio Un Seng , Rao Meera , Gristick Harry , Shan Shu-ou
Published: November 2014

Significance

Ensuring the accuracy of protein interaction cascades is a challenge in many cellular processes. This challenge is faced by the guided entry of tail-anchored (TA) protein (GET) pathway, in which the targeting factor Get3 must sequentially interact with three effector proteins to deliver an essential class of TA proteins to the membrane. Using fluorescence probes that quantitatively interrogate individual Get3–effector interactions, we show here that Get3 adopts discrete conformational states in response to substrate and nucleotide binding; these conformational states allow Get3 to generate differential gradients of interaction energies with distinct effectors, thus driving its cyclic and ordered interaction cascade. These results also explain why multiple effector proteins are needed for TA targeting and uncover a previously unidentified mechanism for recycling Get3 from the membrane.
Basin-scale estimates of pelagic and coral reef calcification in the Red Sea and Western Indian Ocean
Authors: Steiner Zvi , Erez Jonathan , Shemesh Aldo , Yam Ruth , Katz Amitai , Lazar Boaz
Published: November 2014

Significance

This approach of estimating basin-scale calcification rates and the relative role of margins (reefs) versus pelagic carbonate deposition can be applied as a long-term monitoring scheme for the effects of ocean acidification. The database for the response of individual organisms to elevated CO
2
levels is growing steadily, but in situ measurements assessing this response are very local. The study demonstrates the feasibility of estimating the relative calcification rates of planktonic and benthic populations over a whole basin and provides a tool for the monitoring of these complex systems on large spatial scales.
Rapid diversification of five
Oryza
AA genomes associated with rice adaptation
Authors: Zhang Qun-Jie , Zhu Ting , Xia En-Hua , Shi Chao , Liu Yun-Long , Zhang Yun , Liu Yuan , Jiang Wen-Kai , Zhao You-Jie , Mao Shu-Yan , Zhang Li-Ping , Huang Hui , Jiao Jun-Ying , Xu Ping-Zhen , Yao Qiu-Yang , Zeng Fan-Chun , Yang Li-Li , Gao Ju , Tao Da-Yun , Wang Yue-Ju , Bennetzen Jeffrey L. , Gao Li-Zhi
Published: November 2014

Significance

Asian rice (
Oryza sativa
) is among the world’s most important crops. The genus
Oryza
has become a model for the study of plant genome structure, function, and evolution. We have undertaken de novo, full-genome sequence analysis of five diploid AA-genome species that are closely related to
O. sativa
. These species are native to quite different environments, representing four continents, thus exhibiting very different adaptations. Our studies identify specific genetic changes, in both gene copy number and the degree of diversifying natural selection, that indicate specific genes responsible for these adaptations, particularly in genes related to defense against pathogens and reproductive diversification. This genome discovery and comparative analysis provide a powerful tool for future
Oryza
study and rice improvement.
Talent, Effort or Social Background?
Authors: Spruyt Bram
Published: November 2014

Little research has been conducted into the way citizens explain educational outcomes today. This is remarkable because scholars have always claimed that education as an institution contributes to a representation of society in which success is ‘achieved’ on strictly meritocratic grounds. This paper attempts to fill this gap by examining public opinion on three explanations for educational success and failure – namely talent, effort and social background – in Flanders (the Dutch-speaking part of Belgium). Survey data (N = 1693) revealed that people are much more inclined to attribute educational success to effort and dedication when compared to educational failure. Contrary to the expectations derived from the literature on symbolic capital, ‘talent’ was not deemed very important by our respondents as an explanation for educational outcomes. In addition, higher educated people supported an explanation for school success or failure in terms of social background more than the less educated. The implications of our findings are discussed.
Clinical Interventions with Children and Adolescents
Authors: Ollendick Thomas H. , Shirk Stephen R.
Published: November 2014

This chapter on clinical interventions with children and adolescents has four primary goals: (1) to review early efforts to identify evidence-based psychosocial treatments for youth and their families; (2) to provide an overview of current evidentiary support for the treatment of the four most prevalent psychiatric disorders in youth: anxiety disorders, mood disorders, attentional disorders, and oppositional/conduct disorders; (3) to examine relational and developmental factors that qualify and potentially moderate these efficacious treatments; and (4) to speculate on the future of psychotherapy research and practice with youth. Our review indicates that several evidence-based interventions are available, although with few exceptions they are cognitive-behavioral ones. However, we conclude that the evidence base even for these interventions is not overly robust at this time, and that we must evaluate other commonly practiced interventions such as play therapy, family systems therapy, and psychodynamic-based therapies before their routine use can be endorsed. We also identify important developmental, contextual, and relationship variables that qualify these efficacious findings and encourage the pursuit of additional process and outcome research. We conclude our discourse by suggesting that we must move beyond reliance upon manual-based treatments to the development of principle-based interventions that draw upon these specific evidence-based interventions but move beyond and unify them. Although much progress has occurred in the past 50 years, much work remains to be done. This is an exciting time in the child and adolescent psychotherapy arena.