bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study on the Immediate Effect of Passive Motion in Patients with Hemiplegia Based on Brain Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Tao Jian , Hu Weili
Published: April 2020

In order to explore the immediate effect of passive motion in patients with hemiplegia based on brain functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), a total of 100 patients, who were diagnosed as stroke hemiplegia and underwent fMRI examination at a hospital designated by this study
from December 2016 to December 2018, were chose as study subjects and were divided into observation group and control group according to the random number table method with 50 cases of patients in each group. The fMRI examinations were performed in the 2 groups of patients within 1 week after
treatment; 10 voxels were taken as effective activating voxels to obtain statistical parameter maps for region of interest analysis; and bilateral cerebral hemispheres, sensorimotor cortex and supplementary motor area were selected as the region of interest to calculate the number of activated
voxels respectively; the clinical neurological deficit scale, simplified motor function scale, and functional independence assessment table are used for the evaluation of the 2 groups of patients at the beginning and after 8 weeks of treatment. The results show that all patients’ fMRI
examinations are characterized by motor function area cerebral infarction or corresponding corticospinal tract cerebral infarction; the healthy side finger movement function area is basically normal in the brain function imaging examination; the cortical signal regions are concentrated in
the vicinity of the central frontal first motion zone and the central posterior proprioception zone with strong repeatability when the active, passive and resistance-inducing active movements are respectively performed on the healthy side; and the contralateral sensorimotor cortex and bilateral
auxiliary exercise areas were activated. The hemiplegia patients had increased activation of the hemisphere during hand movement, and the fMRI results were basically the same as those of the normal subjects. Therefore, the fMRI examination can provide imaging data for cortical functional zone
localization of active and passive movements of the fingers, and provide assistance for clinical rehabilitation and prognosis assessment. The results of this study provide a reference for further researches on the immediate effects of passive motion in patients with hemiplegia based on brain
functional magnetic resonance imaging.
Research on Trans-Boundary Convergence of Different Service Chains in Health Service Ecosystem
Authors: Guo Siying , Xu Chao , Xue Xiao , Feng Zhiyong , Chen Shizhan
Published: April 2020

With the aging of the population and the development of modern service industries, the health service ecosystem (HSE) is beginning to emerge. As a new form of healthcare industry in the Internet era, HSE has its inherent “social cyber” complexity: the source of healthcare
service is social, and such sociality aggravates the diversity, uncertainty, and dynamics of service supply. This poses new challenges to the service matching between diverse supply and personalized requirements for aged persons. In order to meet this challenge, it is necessary to conduct
the trans-boundary cooperation and integration between service chains in different domains, including business convergence, interface convergence and value convergence. This task is very difficult and there is currently no common method. In order to change such a situation, this paper proposes
an interactive trans-boundary convergence method for health service ecosystem based on micro-service architecture. Firstly, the method confirms the value of service convergence, and then uses this as a driving force to achieve business process integration of different service chains. Then,
the business coupling between different service chains is converted into asynchronous data communication to achieve interface convergence. Finally, the value assessment of service convergence is given to realize the value convergence. This method has been verified in the construction of National
healthcare service platform for the elderly in China. The results demonstrate that our method has a substantial promise.
The Relationship Between Water Transmission Rate and Defects on the Film Based on the Defect Analysis Using Fluorescent Calcein Probe
Authors: Kim Sun Min , Kim Hyun Chul , Kim Chang-Yeoul , Yoon Daeho , Koo Eunhae
Published: April 2020

The most critical issue on flexible electronics such as organic solar cell, OLED, and flexible displays, is the protection of core active materials from the degradation by water and oxygen. The water vapor transmission rate (WVTR), the main characteristics of barrier films, is closely
related to defect density in inorganic layers constructed in the film. In this study, a calcein fluorescent probe is used to examine the relationship between the water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) and the defect density of the film coated the inorganic oxide layer. By using the fluorescence
characteristics of calcein dye molecules, the calcein can be used for the evaluation of water vapor transmission rate. The result shows that the defect density is linearly increasing with the water vapor transmission rate of barrier films. Furthermore, it is shown that the defect density is
inversely proportional to the thickness of the inorganic layer of Al2O3. Based on these results, it is suggested that the defect density measurement of the inorganic layer can predict the water vapor transmission rate of the barrier film.
Low-Temperature Thermally Evaporated SnO2 Based Electron Transporting Layer for Perovskite Solar Cells with Annealing Process
Authors: Kim Ma Ro , Choi Hyung Wook , Bark Chung Wung
Published: April 2020

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) represent the third generation of solar cells that comprise a semiconductor electrode, a counter electrode, and an electrolyte. Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have been comprehensively researched and led to an impressive improvement in a short period of
time as cheaper alternatives to silicon solar cells due to their high energy-conversion efficiency and low production cost. Tin oxide (SnO2) has attracted attention as a promising candidate for electron transport material of perovskite solar cells, because it can be easily processed
by low annealing temperature and solution processing method. However, in the fabrication of SnO2 electron transfer layer (ETL) via the conventional solution method, it is greatly difficult to increase the size of the substrate by the solution treatment method or to commercialize
it. In this work, we report the photovoltaic characteristics of SnO2 based electron transport layer for perovskite solar cells (PSCs) fabricated by the thermal-evaporation processing method. The deposited SnO2 layer with the thermal evaporator is known to be not crystallographically
stable. To solve this problem, we performed the annealing process at relatively low temperature (below 200 °C). As a result, we could confirm the optimum annealing temperature and we could demonstrate PSCs with thermally deposited SnO2 as the compact electron transport layer
through a low-temperature annealing process. It would contribute to new opportunities in commercialization and development of perovskite solar cells.
Fabrication of Molybdenum Oxide/Activated Carbon Using Liquid Phase Plasma Reaction and Its Electrochemical Performance
Authors: Kim Sang-Chai , Park Young-Kwon , Kim Hangun , Lee Heon , Jung Sang-Chul
Published: April 2020

In this study, molybdenum oxide/carbon nanocomposites (MOCNCs) were prepared by precipitating molybdenum oxide nanoparticles on activated carbon powder using liquid phase plasma process. The molybdenum oxide nanoparticles were impregnated on the AC surface and the amount impregnated
was dependent on the concentration of the molybdenum precursor. MoO3 nanoparticles were predominantly precipitated and their size was about 20–80 nm. The specific capacitance of MOCNCs was increased with increasing the amount of molybdenum nanoparticles. Moreover, the resistances
of MOCNCs were reduced than that of bare AC.
Morphological Effect on Electrochemical Properties of BaSnO3 as an Anode Material for Lithium Ion Batteries
Authors: Cha Yoo Lim , Kim Sun Hee
Published: April 2020

In this study, we investigated the electrochemical effects of morphological changes using BaSnO3 (BSO) of various shapes (columns, hollow rods, spheres) as anode materials for Li-ion batteries. The BSOs were prepared by hydrothermal method and their electrochemical properties
were evaluated using galvanostataic charge/discharge and CV test. As a results, columnar BSO exhibits the best electrochemical properties, as an inert material, BaO can contribute to Li storage because of higher electrical conductivity. This results suggest that the formation of column shape
can lead to improved electrochemical properties as anode materials of secondary battery.
Surface Modification of Sulfonated Poly(phenylene oxide) Membrane for Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries
Authors: Roh Sung-Hee , Shin Dong-Seok , Kang Dae-Kweon , Kim Sang-Chai , Kang Ung-Il , Park Won-Shik , Kurkuri Mahaveer , Jung Ho-Young
Published: April 2020

Sulfonated poly(phenylene) oxide (sPPO) polymer is coated in a dopamine hydrochloride solution to prepare a highly durable, low-price polymer membrane for vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFBs). The polydopamine (PDA) coating on the sPPO membrane is confirmed using SEM and EDX analysis.
sPPO coated with PDA exhibits decreased proton conductivity due to high resistance. However, VO+2 reducibility tests shows that the chemical stability is improved due to the introduction of the PDA coating layer on the sPPO membrane, which has a chemical structure with
poor durability in VO+2 solution under the operating conditions of a VRFB. These results show that this polymer electrolyte membrane based on PDA-coated sPPO is a candidate for application in the long-term operation of VRFBs.
Application of Artificial Neural Network Over Nickel-Based Catalyst for Combined Steam-Carbon Dioxide of Methane Reforming (CSDRM)
Authors: Kim Cho Hwe , Kim Young Chul
Published: April 2020

The application of artificial neural network (ANN) for modeling, combined steam-carbon dioxide reforming of methane over nickel-based catalysts, was investigated. The artificial neural network model consisted of a 3-layer feed forward network, with hyperbolic tangent function. The number
of hidden neurons is optimized by minimization of mean square error and maximization of R2 (R square, coefficient of determination) and set of 8 neurons. With feed ratio, flow rate, and temperature as independent variables, methane, carbon dioxide conversion, and H2/CO
ratio, were measured using artificial neural network. Coefficient of determination (R2) values of 0.9997, 0.9962, and 0.9985 obtained, and MAE (Mean Absolute Error), MSE (Mean Squared Error), RMSE (Root Mean Squared Error), and MAPE (Mean Absolute Percentage Error) showed
low value. This study indicates ANN can successfully model a highly nonlinear process and function.
Combined Steam-Carbon Dioxide Reforming of Methane: Modeling Using Response Surface Methodology (RSM)
Authors: Kim Cho Hwe , Kim Young Chul
Published: April 2020

In this paper, combined steam-carbon dioxide reforming of methane (CSDRM) on a nickel-based catalyst is investigated by using response surface methodology (RSM). Models were developed based on central composite design (CCD), conducted on methane, carbon dioxide conversion, and H2/CO
ratio with feed ratio, flow rate, and temperature. In Analysis of variance analysis (ANOVA), good agreement was shown between predicted data from RSM model and experimental data as well. This indicated, high adjusted R2 (R square, coefficient of determination), F-value
over 0.75, and p-value less than 0.05. CH4 and CO2 conversion were considerably improved at higher reaction temperature, because of the endothermic nature of the CSDRM. Also, H2/CO ratio was affected by feed ratio. The minutiae of development of the
model, testing, etc. is presented in this study.
Effect of Plasma Surface Treatment on Shear Bond Strength with Denture Base Resin in Co–Cr Alloy, Ti–6Al–4V Alloy, and CP–Ti Alloy
Authors: Kang Hyeon , Ji Min-Kyung , Cho Hoon-Sung , Park Sang-Won , Yun Kwi-Dug , Park Chan , Lim Hyun-Pil
Published: April 2020

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of plasma treatment by treating the surface of Co–Cr alloy, Ti–6Al–4V alloy, and CP–Ti alloy as a material for denture metal frameworks with non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma (NTAPP) and measuring their
shear bond strength (SBS) with a heat-cured resin. 20 specimens were prepared for each of Co–Cr, Ti–6Al–4V, and CP–Ti alloys. Each metal alloy group was divided into the following subgroups depending on NTAPP treatment: C (Co–Cr alloy without plasma), T (CP–Ti
without plasma), A (Ti–6Al–4V alloy without plasma), CP (Co–Cr alloy with plasma), TP (CP–Ti with plasma) and AP (Ti–6Al–4V alloy with plasma). Specimens were treated with a metal conditioner and bonded to a denture base resin. SBS was measured using a universal
testing machine. All data obtained were statistically analyzed using two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), Tukey’s honestly significant difference (HSD) test, and independent t-test. The mean values (SD) of SBS (MPa) were: 10.31 (1.19) for C group; 12.43 (0.98) for T group; 13.75
(2.02) for A group; 13.53 (1.61) for CP group; 16.87 (1.55) for TP group; 17.46 (1.65) for AP group. The SBS of the AP group was the highest while that of the C group was the lowest. SBS of specimen treated with NTAPP was significantly increased regardless of metal alloy types (p <
0.001). Within the limitations of this study, NTAPP can increases the SBS of Co–Cr alloy, CP–Ti alloy, and Ti–6Al–4V alloy with a denture base resin.
Modeling of Complex Reforming Reaction of Methane by Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Jo Sharon , Ma Byung Chol , Kim Young Chul
Published: April 2020

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of feed composition, space velocity, and reaction temperature on methane/carbon dioxide conversion and H2/CO ratio. Independent variables were feed ratio, flow rate, and reaction temperature while CH4 conversion,
CO2 conversion, and H2/CO ratio were set as dependent variables in the complex reaction of methane. As a result of mixed reforming reaction of methane through RSM modeling method, the reaction temperature was found to have the greatest influence. This is because the reaction
temperature has the greatest influence on the reaction rate and equilibrium state as a factor directly affecting the thermodynamic value of the catalyst.
Growth Inhibition of Microcystis aeruginosa Using TiO2-Embedded Expanded Polystyrene Balls
Authors: Joo Jin Chul , Kim Ga Young , Lee Min Ji , Ahn Chang Hyuk , Lee Saeromi , Park Jae-Roh , Kim Jong Kyu
Published: April 2020

Mass production technique of nanoscale TiO2 particle-embedded expanded polystyrene (EPS) balls with temperature-controlled melting method was developed, and the photocatalytic activity of TiO2-embedded EPS (TiEPS) balls to suppress the excessive growth of Microcystis
aeruginosa (M. aeruginosa) cultured from both indoor and outdoor experiments was verified under ultraviolet and solar light irradiation, respectively. According to the experimental results, the growth inhibition of M. aeruginosa was evidently observed by applying TiEPS balls, and increased
proportionally with the surface area coverage of TiEPS balls. Based on the comparison of both specific growth rate (μ) and first-order degradation rate (k), the experimental cases using TiEPS balls with surface area coverage of 100% suppressed more significantly the growth
of M. aeruginosa cultured from both indoor and outdoor experiments during the initial period of the experiment. However, through the whole experiment, both μ and k values between experimental cases using TiEPS balls and EPS balls with surface area coverage of 100% were
not statistically different (p > 0.05). These results indicated that the photocatalytic degradation effect was dominant during the initial period of application, and the irradiation shading became dominant with the elapsed time. Therefore, the growth of M. aeruginosa can be
suppressed due to both synergistic and combinational effects of photocatalytic degradation and irradiation shading under natural solar light. Based on the aforementioned results, self-floating TiEPS balls produced from this simple and cost-effective mass production technique can be readily
applied to inhibit the excessive growth of harmful algae in the stagnant water body.
Heavy Atom Effect on Metallole Nanoaggregates and Their Explosive Sensing Applications
Authors: Shin Bomina , Sohn Honglae
Published: April 2020

Electronic and optical properties of metallole nanoaggregates (M = Ge and Sn) were investigated. Amplified photoluminescence (PL) properties, absolute quantum yields (QY), and critical aggregation concentrations for the metallole nanoaggregates were measured. The an aggregation-induced
emission enhancement (AIEE) property decreases as the central atom becomes heavier in the metallole ring. Detection of TNT was achieved by the quenching PL of the metallole nanoaggregates. A linear Stern–Volmer relationship was observed for the detection of TNT.
Atmospheric Hydrodeoxygenation of Anisole to Hydrocarbons Over Ni Supported on Mesoporous Silica
Authors: Lee Heejin , Cho Eun-Bum , Park Young-Kwon
Published: April 2020

The HDO reaction was carried out using anisole at 300 °C in hydrogen under atmospheric pressure. Ni/meso-SiO2 and Nickel silicate catalysts with high nickel contents were used. The yield of hydrocarbons in the HDO reaction over the nickel silicate catalyst was high compared
to that over the Ni/meso-SiO2 catalyst. In addition, the stability of the nickel silicate catalyst was excellent.
Copper-Doped ZnO Visible Light Photocatalyst for Degradation of Methylene Blue
Authors: Kwon Dayoung , Kim Jongsung
Published: April 2020

Water pollution due to uncontrolled liberation of industrial toxic chemicals, materials, drugs and dyes is one of the major causes of environmental contamination. Solar energy is one of the natural energy sources that can degrade toxic dyes in the presence of suitable active catalysts.
Despite of having several advanced semiconductor-based photocatalysts, there is an open domain for the preparation of economical, cheap and high effective photocatalysts for the degradation of toxic dyes. In this study, we have prepared nanosized Cu-doped ZnO photocatalysts containing different
amounts of Cu (0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 wt%) by a hydrothermal process followed by calcination at 500 °C for methylene blue (MB) degradation. The incorporation of Cu into the ZnO lattice and the crystal structure stability of the prepared catalysts are confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
and powder X-ray diffraction. Our study shows that the photocatalytic activity of ZnO toward MB degradation under visible light can be effectively enhanced by doping it with Cu.
Characterization and Synthesis of Molybdenum Metal Precursors for Hydrocracking Reaction of Vacuum Residues
Authors: Choi Byeong-Min , Son Seok-Hwan , Lee Chul-Wee , Park Sun-Yeong , Chung Min-Chul
Published: April 2020

In this study, Molybdenum precursors were synthesized with Triphenylphosphine, 1,2-Bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane, Pyridine, 2,2-Bipyridine as a ligands. The molybdenum precursors was used for Hydrocraking reaction of Vacuum Residue (VR). Hydrocracking reactions were carried out under
the 430 °C and H2 pressure of 80 bar in an 100 ml high pressure reactor. New Molybdenum precursors were tested and their activities were compared with Mo-octoate. The Molybdeum-Phosphine precursor showed the best performances, high yield and low coke contents (below 0,5 wt%),
in of hydrocracking for VR. To characterize the physicochemical properties of Moprecursor catalyst, various characterization techniques (NMR, XPS) were carried out. We confirmed that cokes in the reactor were contained the P atoms derived from ligand of Mo-precursor after hydrocracking of
VR.
Selective Loss of Calretinin-Poor Cochlear Afferent Nerve Fibers in Streptozotocin-Induced Hyperglycemic Mice
Authors: Kang Kwon Woo , Pangeni Rudra , Park JinWoo , Lee Jaekwang , Yi Eunyoung
Published: April 2020

Hearing loss is one of the major complications of diabetes mellitus and significantly lowers the quality of life of diabetic patients. In studies using diabetic animal models hearing loss have been frequently associated with damages to cochlear afferent fibers. Recent studies suggested
that cochlear afferent neurons are composed of heterogeneous populations and a subgroup of neurons equipped with low level of calretinin might be more vulnerable to various noxious stimuli such as noise and neurotoxins. Here, we tested if cochlear afferent neurons deficient in the Ca2+-buffering
protein calretinin are more vulnerable to hyperglycemic insults. Streptozotocin-induced (50 mg/kg, i.p.) hyperglycemic mice (>250 mg/dl) were tested. The expression patterns of calretinin in peripheral processes and the cell bodies of cochlear afferent nerve fibers were examined using immunohistochemistry
and confocal microscopy. The proportion of calretinin-poor cochlear afferent fibers was much lower in hyperglycemic mice compared to the normoglycemic control group. (30.0 vs. 55.5% in the peripheral process; 15.7 vs. 24.4 % in spiral ganglion neuron). The results suggest that calretinin-poor
cochlear nerve fibers may be selectively lost after the hyperglycemic insults. The finding also supports a calretinin’s neuroprotective role against diabetic neuropathy in cochlear afferent neurons.
Optimization of Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose and Dextrin in Development of Dried Nanosuspension for Poorly Water-Soluble Drug
Authors: Heo Eun-Ji , Park Sang Yeob , Kim Hye-In , Sung Ji-Hun , Kwon Hyeok Jin , Jee Jun-Pil , Maeng Han-Joo , Cho Kwan Hyung , Kim Sung Tae , Kim Yu Chul , Choi Sung-Up , Jang Dong-Jin
Published: April 2020

The purpose of this study is to identify the effects of a stabilizer and matrix former in the development of a celecoxib dried nanosuspension (DNS) for high dissolution rate and drug loading. Tween 80 and Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose (HPMC) were used as stabilizers in the bead-milling
process and dextrin was used as the matrix former in the spray-drying. Various nanosuspensions (NS) were prepared by varying the ratio of HPMC and dextrin, and the physicochemical properties of each formulation were evaluated for particle size, morphology, drug loading, crystallinity, redispersibility,
physical stability and dissolution rate. HPMC efficiently stabilized the NS system and reduced the particle size of NS. The mean particle size of the NS with 0.5% HPMC (w/v) was the smallest (248 nm) of all formulations. Dextrin has been shown to inhibit the increase of particle size efficiently,
which is known to occur frequently when NS is being solidified. As the dextrin increased in DNS, the dissolution rates of reconstituted NS were significantly improved. However, it was confirmed that more than the necessary amount of dextrin in DNS reduced the dissolution and drug loading.
The dissolution of celecoxib in DNS prepared at the ratio (drug:dextrin, 1:2.5) was almost the highest. The dissolution of optimal formulation was 95.8% at 120 min, which was 2.0-fold higher than that of NS dried without dextrin. In conclusion, these results suggest that the formulation based
on Tween 80, HPMC and dextrin may be an effective option for DNS to enhance its in vitro dissolution and in vivo oral absorption.
Nanotube Morphology Changes on the Ti–xNb–Ag–Pt Alloy with Nb Contents
Authors: Kim Hyun-Jun , Choe Han-Cheol
Published: April 2020

The purpose of this study was to investigate the nanotube morphology changes of Ti–xNb–Ag–Pt alloys with Nb content. Ti–xNb–Ag–Pt was fabricated using arc melting vacuum furnace. The Ti– xNb–Ag–Pt ingot was further
homogenized in an Ar atmosphere at 1100 °C for 1 h in a vacuum and then quenched at 0 °C. Nanotube formation on the samples was performed using anodization method with a DC power supply at 30 V for 2 h in 1 M H3PO4 +0.8 wt.% NaF at 25 °C. The surface morphology
was observed using OM, FE-SEM, EDS, and XRD. In the microstructure of Ti–xNb–Ag–Pt alloy, needle-like structures on α and α″ gradually disappeared with increasing Nb, β-phase equilibrium structure appeared, and particle size
decreased. The nanotube morphology of the Ti–xNb–Ag–Pt alloy changed according to the content of Nb. As the Nb content increases, the highly ordered nanotubes have changed to irregular nanotubes. The difference in dissolution area at the bottom of the nanotube was
depending on the Nb content.
Highly Ordered Nanotube Formation on Beta Typed Ti–xTa Alloy Surface
Authors: Kim Seung-Pyo , Choe Han-Cheol
Published: April 2020

In this study, the highly ordered nanotube formation on beta typed Ti–xTa alloy surface was investigated. The Ti–xTa binary alloys were manufactured using a vacuum arc-melting furnace with varying Ta contents (10, 30, and 50 wt%), and then homogenized by heat
treatment at 1050 °C for 1 h. The nanotube formation of Ti–xTa (x = 10–50 wt%) alloys were performed using a DC power source of 30 V in 1.0 M H3PO4 + 0.8 wt% NaF electrolyte solution for 2 hrs. The surface characterization was performed using field-emission
scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The microstructure of Ti–xTa alloy showed martensite structure α′, α″-phase, and a ′-phase structure. As the Ta content increased, the needle-like structures of α′
and α′-phase gradually disappeared and only the equiaxed structure of β-phase appeared. Nanotube morphology of Ti–xTa alloy changed according to Ta content. As the Ta content increased, the size of the nanotubes decreased and the number of the smaller
nanotubes increased. In the cross-sectioned nanotube layer, the gap size between the nanotubes decreased as the Ta content increased.
Development of a Multiplex Bead-Based Method for the Microquantitation of δ-Catenin
Authors: Lee Mijin , Taş İsa , Zhou Rui , Jung Sang-Chul , Kim Kwonseop , Kim Hangun
Published: April 2020

δ-Catenin is overexpressed in human cancers, including prostate, breast, lung, and ovarian cancers. Therefore, detection of δ-catenin level in patient specimens can be used as a diagnostic marker for the cancer screening. In laboratories, δ-catenin
levels have been analyzed by western blot, which requires multiple procedures and is incapable of multiplex analysis of a target protein from a single reaction. In this study, we aimed to develop δ-catenin antibody-conjugated magnetic beads that can be used for quantitation of
δ-catenin by bead-based multiplex assay. δ-catenin level from HEK293T and CWR22Rv-1 cell lysates was quantified to determine whether the antibody-conjugatedmagnetic bead can be used for the detection of trace amounts of δ-catenin. Our results indicate
that analysis with 1 μg of CWR22Rv-1 and HEK293T cell lysates showed 918.67±103.8 and 874.33±37.21 MFI values, respectively. In conclusion, the results suggest that the procedure for detection of δ-catenin level through the antibody-conjugated magnetic
beads provides a sensitive and costeffective solution for screening from patient specimens.
Fabrication of Three-Dimensional Alginate Porous Scaffold Incorporated with Decellularized Cornu Cervi Pantotrichum Particle for Bone Tissue Engineering
Authors: Hwang Tae In , Moon Joon Yeon , Kim Jeong In , Park Chan Hee , Kim Cheol Sang
Published: April 2020

Deer antler velvet (DAV), Cornu Cervi Pantotrichum, has been known for the outstanding growth rate and used in extracted liquid form in oriental herbal medicine for the tissue regeneration. The DAV is also famous for the abundance of many different minerals, proteins, growth factors
and interleukins. The immense amount of DAV is consumed to produce DAV extract in Asian countries. However, the mechanical strength and the morphologic features of DAV have been overlooked. In this study, we revisited the possibility of DAV as a bone tissue scaffold. We first obtained DAV
particles via physical decellularization followed by levigation procedure and then applied to the fabrication of three-dimensional porous alginate/DAVP sponge through lyophilizing alginate/DAVP hydrogel as a potential bone tissue scaffold source. The morphological and physicochemical properties
of alginate/DAVP sponge were characterized using UTM, SEM, FE-SEM, and FT-IR. The alginate-based highly porous sponge demonstrated the interconnected porous structure with DAVP and improved mechanical properties. We expected both alginate/DAVP and DAVP are potential for tissue engineering
application.
Structural, Optical and Magnetic Properties of Zn1-xCoxO Nanoparticles
Authors: Shunmuga Sundaram P. , Arivazhagan G. , Inbanathan S. S. R. , Hussian Shamima , Manikandan E. , Umar Ahmad , Ajmal Khan M. , Algarni H.
Published: April 2020

Zn1−xCoxO nanoparticles with three different values of ‘x’ (x = 0.05, 0.10, 0.15) were prepared by chemical co-precipitation process without any further heat treatment. The X-ray diffraction studies confirmed the wurtzite
hexagonal crystal structure for synthesized Zn1−xCoxO nanoparticles. The dislocation density results reveal that there is an increase in the concentration of lattice imperfections with increasing the concentration of Co ions. The true values of lattice
constants were calculated by using Nelson–Riley Function (NRF). Further, the average bond length (BL) were also calculated and presented. The optical and magnetic properties of Zn1−xCoxO nanoparticles were examined by room-temperature photoluminescence
(PL) spectroscopy and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), respectively. The calculated values of magnetic susceptibility for Zn1−xCoxO nanoparticles with x = 0.05, 0.10, 0.15 were found to be 9.883×10−4, 2.29×10−2
and 2.37×10−2, respectively.
Enhanced Photocatalytic Performance of Sn6SiO8 Nanoparticles and Their Reduced Graphene Oxide (rGO) Nanocomposite
Authors: Gnanamoorthy G. , Muthukumaran M. , Varun Prasath P. , Karthikeyan V. , Narayanan V. , Sagadevan Suresh , Umar Ahmad , Ajmal Khan M. , Algarni H.
Published: April 2020

Photocatalysts provide excellent potential for the full removal of organic chemical pollutants as an environmentally friendly technology. It has been noted that under UV-visible light irradiation, nanostructured semiconductor metal oxides photocatalysts can degrade different organic
pollutants. The Sn6SiO8/rGO nanocomposite was synthesized by a hydrothermal method. The Sn6SiO8 nanoparticles hexagonal phase was confirmed by XRD and functional groups were analyzed by FT-IR spectroscopy. The bandgap of Sn6SiO8
nanoparticles (NPs) and Sn6SiO8/GO composites were found to be 2.7 eV and 2.5 eV, respectively. SEM images of samples showed that the flakes like morphology. This Sn6SiO8/rGO nanocomposite was testing for photocatalytic dye degradation of MG under
visible light illumination and excellent response for the catalysts. The enhancement of photocatalytic performance was mainly attributed to the increased light absorption, charge separation efficiency and specific surface area, proved by UV-vis DRS. Further, the radical trapping experiments
revealed that holes (h+) and superoxide radicals (·O−2) were the main active species for the degradation of MG, and a possible photocatalytic mechanism was discussed.
Au/CeO2/g-C3N4 Nanocomposite Modified Electrode as Electrochemical Sensor for the Determination of Phenol
Authors: Yin Hao Yong , Zheng Yi Fan , Wang Ling
Published: April 2020

A convenient and simple phenol electrochemical sensor was constructed based on the Au/CeO2/ g-C3N4 nanocomposites, which were obtained by loading the gold–cerium oxide (Au/CeO2) nanoparticle on graphite-like carbon nitride (g-C3N4)
through precipitation–reduction methods. The microstructure and morphology of Au/CeO2/g-C3N4 nanocomposite were verified using different techniques such as XRD, TEM, and HRTEM. Voltammetry and amperometry methods were used to study the electrochemical
performance of the constructed phenol electrochemical sensors. The results demonstrated evidently that the combination of Au/CeO2 and g-C3N4 may improve sensing performances of phenol determination. The detection linear range of the sensor was 10–90 μM
under the optimum parameters. The Au/CeO2/g-C3N4 based electrochemical sensor also has low detection limits (2.33 μM) and high sensitivities (0.1080 mA/μM) for phenol detection. In addition, the sensor also had considerably favorable anti-interference
performance. As a consequence, the sensor demonstrated that the electrochemical system provided a promising effective strategy for detection of phenol.
Preparation and Characterization of Active Targeting Dual-Functionalized Liposome with Anti-Tumor Ability and Optimized Fluorescent Intensity
Authors: Wang Zian , Liu Yang , Jiang Yifei , Wang Peng , Ji Min
Published: April 2020

Although the preparation of Indocyanine Green (ICG) liposomes obtained stronger performance than free ICG. With increase in depth of tissue, ICG exhibits limited background (SBR) and blurs structure characteristics. In this research, a Stearylamine-Bearing cationic liposome was prepared
for improved fluorescence performance (higher SBR and deeper imaging depth). In addition, the effect of ICG and lipid interactions was explored. Hyaluronic acid is subsequently modified on the liposomes for prolonging blood circulation time and active tumor targeting. In vitro study
confirmed that the liposome (HA-ICG-SA-LP) was capable of reversing surface zeta potential under acidic conditions in the presence of HAase which might enhance cellular uptake. Additionally, the photothermal heating of liposomes was investigated. The MTT assay showed that the liposome has
strong cancer cell inhibition ability. In summary, HA-ICG-SA-LP exhibited a great potential for high sensitivity imaging and tumor hyperthermia.
Biological Durability, Cytotoxicity and MRI Image Contrast Effects of Chitosan Modified Magnetic Nanoparticles
Authors: Le The Tam , Nguyen Hoa Du , Nguyen Thi Ngoc Linh , Nguyen Thien Vuong , Tuyet Phan Thi Hong , Nguyen Thi Hai Hoa , Nguyen Quoc Thang , Hoang Thu Ha , Dang Tran Chien , Minh Bui Le , Lu Le Trong , La Duc Duong , Bhosale Sheshanath V. , Tran Dai Lam
Published: April 2020

In this manuscript, biological durability, cytotoxicity and MRI image contrast effect of chitosan modified magnetic nanoparticles were investigated. The result of durability study shows that the asprepared sample with average size of about 30 nm had a high stability under pH conditions
in range of from 2 to 12 and at salt concentration in range of from 0 to 300 mM. The cytotoxicity testing indicates that the obtained Fe3O4@CS ferrofluid revealed a low cytotoxicity. After 48 h of test on the line of prostate tumor cells of Sarcoma 180, collected IC50
value was 178.5±22 (μg/ml), 7.5 to 27.9 times less cytotoxicity than that of reported ferromagnetic fluids. MRI data shows that the transverse relaxation rate (r2) of the ferrite nanoparticles was 130.32 (mM−1s−1), 2 and 1.44 times
larger than that of the commercial products of Sinerem (AMI-227) and Ferumoxytol products, respectively. Invivo test in rabbit shows that the picture of body parts was clearly observed after the injection of the Fe3O4@CS ferrofluid. With these outstanding properties,
this magnetic fluid based on the chitosan modified Fe3O4 nanoparticles had great potential for enhancing the image contrast in image diagnosis by MRI magnetic resonance imaging technique.
Production of Cellulose Nanocrystals from Australian Wood Sources
Authors: Thompson Lachlan , Nikzad Mostafa , Sbarski Igor , Azadmanjiri Jalal , Ren Jiawen , Yu Aimin
Published: April 2020

Two Australian native wooden sources (Acacia Mangium and Eucalyptus Globulus) derived pulps were explored as raw feed stocks to prepare the valuable nanomaterial of cellulose nanocrystals (CNC). After bleaching and acid hydrolysis, cellulose nanocrystals were successfully produced with
high yields of approximately 60% for both kraft pulps. According to the characterization of SEM and AFM, the as prepared CNC had a rod like structure with the length and diameter in the range of 200~1000 nm and 10~100 nm, respectively based on the initial wooden source. XRD confirmed the crystalline
structure of the resulting CNC. Further characterisation by TGA showed that the chemical treatment of the wood pulp had impact upon the thermal stability, evidenced by a lower onset temperature of the thermal decomposition of CNC.
Controlling Phase Composition, Properties and Activity of TiO2 Nano-Photocatalyst Synthesized by Hydrothermal Technique in the Degradation of Cinnamic Acid Solution
Authors: Nguyen Dien-Trung , Ha Cam-Anh , Nguyen Tri
Published: April 2020

In this work, titanium oxide catalysts were synthesized by the hydrothermal method from titanium isopropoxide (TTIP) as a precursor under acidic (Ti-A1 and Ti-A2), neutral (Ti-W) and alkaline (Ti-B) media. Characteristics of the catalysts were identified by various methods including
X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller adsorption, UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. The phase composition and PZC value of the obtained catalysts depended on the hydrothermal
medium and the amount of TTIP: pure anatase and brookite phase formed at neutral and alkaline medium, respectively; whereas acidic medium favored the formation of anatase/rutile mixed phase and anatase phase decreased with the increasing amount of TTIP. The band gap energy of the synthesized
catalysts was approximately 3.08–3.23 eV. Photocatalytic activity of synthesized catalysts was surveyed in the degradation of cinnamic acid (CA) solution at various pH in the region from 3.8 to 9.0 under UV irradiation. Photocatalytic oxidation was favorable in an acidic environment.
At acidic pH values (3.8 and 5.0), the CA conversion was in the order of Ti-A2 ≥ Ti-A1 > Ti-P25 > Ti-W ≫ Ti-B, whereas it followed Ti-P25 > Ti-A1 > Ti-A2 ≈ Ti-W > Ti-B at pH 7.0 as well as pH 9.0.
Synthesis of g-C3N4/CuS Heterojunction with Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity Under Visible-Light
Authors: Wang Fan , Zeng Qingru , Tang Jinping , Peng Liang , Shao Jihai , Luo Si
Published: April 2020

Novel g-C3N4/CuS hybrid photocatalysts were synthesized successfully via a facile hydrothermal method. Characterization results of the photocatalysts showed that especial heterostructure had formed between g-C3N4 and CuS, and possess suitable
matched band potential. The composite photocatalysts displayed strong UV-visible light absorption ability in the range from 200 to 800 nm. Photocatalytic performance of the photocatalysts were evaluated via photooxidation of methyl orange (MO) under visible-light irradiation. Hybrid photocatalysts
showed better photocatalytic properties than that of pure g-C3N4 or CuS. The 60% g-C3N4/CuS sample proved the supreme photocatalytic property. The integrated g-C3N4 and CuS heterojunction elevated the separation efficiency of
photogenerated electron–hole pairs, and increased the photo-decoloration efficiency of MO under visible-light irradiation. A four-cycle repeatability experiment was carried out to investigate the stability of hybrid photocatalysts in the photocatalyst reaction. Radical capture experiments
proved that photogenerated e−, h+ and .OH were responsible for MO photo-decoloration. In addition, the potential mechanism of the photocatalytic system g-C3N4/CuS+H2O2+vis are presented.
Enhanced Selective Removal of Cd(II) by an Amino-Functional Water-Retaining Agent Incorporating Nano Hydrous Manganese Oxide
Authors: Peng Liang , Zhou Siyan , Song Huijuan , Yang Yahui , Lei Ming , Zhou Fang
Published: April 2020

An amino-functionalized water-retaining agent (PPM40-NH2) and a water-retaining agent lacking functionalization (PPM40) were prepared to investigate their selective Cd(II) removal properties. The affinity for Cd(II) was increased after introducing the amino functional group.
The SFCd/Ca of PPM40-NH2 was 3–7 fold higher than that of PPM40 although the CCa was 100–1000 times higher than that of CCd. The chelating effect of –COOH and –NH2 in PPM40-NH2 corresponded
well with the selective adsorption of Cd(II), as confirmed by simulations. A seed germination experiment demonstrated that PPM40-NH2 could act as a filter of heavy metals to supply “clean” water for the roots of the pakchoi plant. The leaching experiment indicated
that PPM40-NH2 is an efficient in situ fixation agent for the remediation of agricultural soil contaminated with Cd(II) in the presence of high concentrations of Ca(II) salts.
Photocatalytic Degradation of Myclobutanil and Its Commercial Formulation with TiO2 P25 in Slurry and TiO2/β-SiC Foams
Authors: M’Bra Ignace Christian , Robert Didier , Keller Nicolas , Drogui Patrick , Trokourey Albert
Published: April 2020

Viticulture is one of the crops most subject to pest control by fungicides. Their drainage towards the fresh water affects the aquatic environment, the fauna, the flora and especially the human health. It is therefore necessary to find an adequate solution to solve this problem. Heterogeneous
photocatalysis is an advanced oxidation method for the degradation and mineralization of organic pollutants in water and air using semi-conductor (e.g., TiO2). TiO2 P25 in suspension (0.75 g·L−1) is used to treat Myclobutanil contaminated water
and a commercial formulation Systhane™ 20EW, a fungicide produced by BASF. After 120 min of batch treatment under our conditions (pH = 6.7, Co = 10 mg ·L−1), 96% and 98% of Myclobutanil and Systhane were removed with 94% and 92% mineralization, respectively. In
order to avoid the recovery of nanoparticles of TiO2 P25 after treatment, we have taken care of β-SiC foam cells. Under the same experimental conditions, 45% and 56% of Myclobutanil and Systhane degraded after 4 h with mineralization of 29% and 27%, respectively in recirculation
in a fixed-light photoreactor by UV-A lamps. These results are very encouraging: filtering is not necessary to separate the catalyst from the treated water, it is very important for large-scale use of this process.
Intrastorm Variability of the Inland and Orographic Enhancement of a Sea-Effect Snowstorm in the Hokuriku Region of Japan
Authors: Veals Peter G. , Steenburgh W. James , Nakai Sento , Yamaguchi Satoru
Published: April 2020

A prolonged period of winter monsoonal flow brought heavy sea-effect snowfall to the Hokuriku region along the west coast of the Japanese island of Honshu from 2 to 7 February 2010. Snowfall in some locations exceeded 140 cm, but the distribution within the event was highly variable. We examine the factors contributing to these variations using data from a Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) C-band surveillance radar, JMA soundings, surface precipitation observations, and a Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model simulation. There were three distinct periods during the event. Period 1 featured relatively weak flow with precipitation confined mainly to the coast and lowlands. Precipitation maxima were located where the flow ascended: 1) over terrain-blocked air, 2) at the foot of a high flow-normal barrier, or 3) relatively unimpeded over the lower mountain ranges. Flow strengthened during period 2, yielding stronger vertical velocities over the terrain with precipitation maxima shifting inland and to higher elevation. The flow strengthened further in period 3, with the precipitation maxima shifting higher in elevation and into the lee, with almost no precipitation falling in the lowlands. Thus, greater inland penetration and enhancement of precipitation occurred as the flow speed increased, but additional factors such as the subcloud sublimation of hydrometeors and the convective instability also contribute to differences between periods 2 and 3. These results illustrate the importance of incident flow strength in modulating the distribution and enhancement of snowfall in global lake- and sea-effect regions.
COVID-19 Transmission in Dental Practice: Brief Review of Preventive Measures in Italy
Authors: Izzetti R. , Nisi M. , Gabriele M. , Graziani F.
Published: April 2020

The outbreak and diffusion of SARS-CoV-2, responsible for the coronavirus disease (COVID-19), has caused an emergency in the health system worldwide. After a first development in Wuhan, China, the virus spread in other countries, with Italy registering the second highest number of cases in Europe on the 7th of April 2020 (135,586 in total). The World Health Organization declared the pandemic diffusion of COVID-19, and restrictive measures to limit contagion have been taken in several countries. The virus has a predominantly respiratory transmission through aerosol and droplets. The importance of infection control is therefore crucial in limiting the effects of virus diffusion. We aim to discuss the risks related to dental practice and current recommendations for dental practitioners. A literature search was performed to retrieve articles on the management of COVID-19 diffusion in dental practice. The documented clinical experience, the measures of professional prevention, and the actual Italian situation were reported and described. Four articles were retrieved from the literature search. Among the eligible articles, 3 reported measures to contrast COVID-19 diffusion. The infection management protocols suggested were reviewed. Finally, recommendations based on the Italian experience in terms of patient triage, patients’ entrance into the practice, dental treatment, and after-treatment management are reported and discussed. COVID-19 is a major emergency worldwide, which should not be underestimated. Due to the rapidly evolving situation, further assessment of the implications of COVID-19 outbreak in dental practice is needed.
Reform of the death investigation system in Japan
Authors: Ishihara Kenji , Iwase Hirotaro
Published: April 2020

The autopsy rate in Japan is lower than that in other countries, and most death investigations have historically been conducted by police officers through external inspection. Although medicolegal autopsy was not performed during the samurai administration, the European death investigation system was adopted in the second half of the 19th century and judicial autopsy began in universities’ forensic medicine departments. After World War II, the medical examiner system was introduced under US influence, but it was only adopted in certain areas. Further reforms were introduced in the 21st century—in 2012, two laws relating to death investigation were enacted: The Act on Promotion of Death Investigation (Promotion Act), which provided foundational principles and included measures for investigating the causes of death and identification of bodies, and the Act on the Investigation of Cause of Death and on Identification of Bodies Handled by the Police, which recommended a procedure for death investigation, including a new autopsy system.

The Death Investigation Promotion Program was to meant to be decided by the government in 2014. However, the relevant Act expired after it ran out of time. Later, in 2019, the Basic Act for Promotion of Death Investigation, the successor to the Promotion Act, was passed. This Act is significant because it sets the basic foundational principle and imposes plans created by the government. However, it remains unclear how these measures can be implemented, so further discussion and financial investment are now required.