bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Molecular Basis of GABA Hypofunction in Adolescent Schizophrenia-Like Animals
Authors: Wang Xiaodan , Hu Ying , Liu Wenxin , Ma Yuanyuan , Chen Xi , Xue Ting , Cui Donghong
Published: April 2021

Schizophrenia is a neurodevelopmental disorder that NMDA receptor (NMDAR) hypofunction appears centrally involved. Schizophrenia typically emerges in adolescence or early adulthood. Electrophysiological and several neurochemical changes have linked the GABA deficits to abnormal behaviors induced by NMDAR hypofunction. However, few studies have systematically investigated the molecular basis of GABA deficits, especially during adolescence. To address this issue, we transiently administrated MK-801 to mice on PND 10, which exhibited schizophrenia-relevant deficits in adolescence. Slice recording showed reduced GABA transmission and PVI+ hypofunction, indicating GABAergic hypofunction. Cortical proteomic evaluation combined with analysis of single cell data from the Allen Brain showed that various metabolic processes were enriched in top ranks and differentially altered in excitatory neurons, GABAergic interneurons, and glial cells. Notably, the GABA-related amino acid metabolic process was disturbed in both astrocytes and interneurons, in which we found a downregulated set of GABA-related proteins (GAD65, SYNPR, DBI, GAT3, SN1, and CPT1A). They synergistically regulate GABA synthesis, release, reuptake, and replenishment. Their downregulation indicates impaired GABA cycle and homeostasis regulated by interneuron-astrocyte communication in adolescence. Our findings on molecular basis of GABA deficits could provide potential drug targets of GABAergic rescue for early prevention and intervention.
Fully Automated Segmentation of Pulmonary Fibrosis Using Different Software Tools
Authors: Ley-Zaporozhan Julia , Giannakis Athanasios , Norajitra Tobias , Weinheimer Oliver , Kehler Lars , Dinkel Julien , Ganter Claudia , Ley Sebastian , Van Lunteren Csilla , Eichinger Monika , Heussel Gudula , Kauczor Hans-Ulrich , Maier-Hein Klaus H. , Kreuter Michael , Heussel Claus Peter
Published: April 2021

Objective: Evaluation of software tools for segmentation, quantification, and characterization of fibrotic pulmonary parenchyma changes will strengthen the role of CT as biomarkers of disease extent, evolution, and response to therapy in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) patients. Methods: 418 nonenhanced thin-section MDCTs of 127 IPF patients and 78 MDCTs of 78 healthy individuals were analyzed through 3 fully automated, completely different software tools: YACTA, LUFIT, and IMBIO. The agreement between YACTA and LUFIT on segmented lung volume and 80th (reflecting fibrosis) and 40th (reflecting ground-glass opacity) percentile of the lung density histogram was analyzed using Bland-Altman plots. The fibrosis and ground-glass opacity segmented by IMBIO (lung texture analysis software tool) were included in specific regression analyses. Results: In the IPF-group, LUFIT outperformed YACTA by segmenting more lung volume (mean difference 242 mL, 95% limits of agreement −54 to 539 mL), as well as quantifying higher 80th (76 HU, −6 to 158 HU) and 40th percentiles (9 HU, −73 to 90 HU). No relevant differences were revealed in the control group. The 80th/40th percentile as quantified by LUFIT correlated positively with the percentage of fibrosis/ground-glass opacity calculated by IMBIO (r = 0.78/r = 0.92). Conclusions: In terms of segmentation of pulmonary fibrosis, LUFIT as a shape model-based segmentation software tool is superior to the threshold-based YACTA, tool, since the density of (severe) fibrosis is similar to that of the surrounding soft tissues. Therefore, shape modeling as used in LUFIT may serve as a valid tool in the quantification of IPF, since this mainly affects the subpleural space.
Qual o valor do jumento?
Authors: Bittencourt Thereza Cristina Borio dos Santos Calmon , Silva Edna Maria da , Oliveira Chiara Albano de Araujo
Published: April 2021

O estudo teve como objetivo estimar o custo de produção do jumento e contextualizar com a condição socioeconômica da região semiárida brasileira. Foi proposto um modelo de estudo no qual foram considerados os custos de manutenção e produção animal, admitindo que o rebanho já existisse na propriedade com utilização das instalações disponíveis. O ciclo de produção do jumento foi estimado em 36 meses, com rebanho inicial de 100 matrizes e cinco reprodutores. Para a estimativa de produção de forragem, foram consideradas pastagens nativas da região semiárida. Foi estimado o custo de produção do jumento em US$ 258,00/ano. Entretanto, quando o jumento está integrado à unidade produtiva do segmento da agricultura familiar, esse animal deve ser considerado como ativo de produção (tração, carga e transporte). Diante da crescente demanda da pele de jumentos no mercado internacional, da ausência de políticas públicas de proteção e bem-estar desses animais, e mesmo considerando a possibilidade de integrá-los ao sistema de agricultura familiar, permanece a pergunta: quanto tempo vai levar até que os jumentos nordestinos sejam extintos? Estimar o custo unitário da produção de jumentos e considerá-los como um ativo essencial de produção na agricultura familiar pode ser um ponto de partida para diminuir seu abandono às consequências da exploração de pele.
The Pixel Fever
Authors: Gonçalves Ingrid Rodrigues , Cazetta Valéria
Published: April 2021

In the cinematographic industry, the standard media formats changed from film to digital formats, but these changes are not located only in art territories. Nowadays, digitalization processes are increasingly part of our daily practices. We constantly need to deal with a large range of commonplace situations that demands us to be connected with softwares applications, implying that we produce and share a considerable amount of sounds and images. For some of us, especially the younger ones, born in the 2000s, used to dealing with gadgets since the early age, mechanical and analog processes may seem to be part of a very different world. The purpose of this essay is to discuss what we are calling “the pixel fever”, this contemporary movement of our lives that merges our organic life with our digital trajectories, considering that to produce and discard digital data is already part of the routine of many of us. This essay is divided into three parts. Firstly, we aim to highlight some aspects of this entrance of digital gadgets in our lives. To do this, we start talking about the digitalization processes in the film industry focusing on the Brazilian public policy Cinema Near You, that supported this transition in movie theaters. Secondly, we move on to highlight some broader problems of this “pixel fever”: the aesthetical risk, the digitalization of jobs, and the energy consumption derived from the handling of digital materials. Finally, we conclude thinking about some parallels between these problems emphasized and our contemporary lives. With these interdisciplinary ponderations, starting by some examples from audiovisual practices, we aim to contribute to the discussions about the contemporary social changes related to digitalization processes spread in several research areas.
Lembrar “Para Que” ou “Em Nome do Que”? Reflexões Sobre os Sentidos Políticos da Memória
Authors: Galvão Nina
Published: April 2021

Os questionamentos acerca das dimensões propriamente políticas da memória têm se desenvolvido em grande parte em contextos e sociedades marcados por longos períodos de autoritarismo, guerra e violência de Estado, como na África do Sul pós-apartheid, na antiga Iugoslávia e nos países da América Latina que viveram sob ditaduras militares na segunda metade do século XX. Nesses contextos, a memória é com frequência vista como meio para se alcançar o reconhecimento e a justiça histórica reivindicada pelas vítimas, bem como a punição adequada para os perpetradores. Instalam-se assim os mais diversos mecanismos, como Tribunais Penais e Comissões da Verdade, norteados pelo pressuposto comum de que uma sociedade verdadeiramente democrática não poderá emergir sem que haja algum tipo de “acerto de contas” com o passado, viabilizado por tais políticas de memória. Este artigo propõe uma discussão acerca desse pressuposto a partir do arcabouço teórico de Hannah Arendt, cuja filosofia política distingue com firmeza o campo da ação política da esfera da fabricação. A política está, numa perspectiva arendtiana, intrinsecamente ligada à igualdade e à liberdade, mas é um aspecto da condição humana que não possui meios claramente delimitados nem tampouco pode ser reduzida a determinados fins a ser alcançados. Assim, procura-se delinear uma compreensão das dimensões políticas da memória que removam o conceito de um espectro utilitarista e funcional o qual acaba, por vezes, reduzindo seu significado mais profundo a desgastados clichês.
América Latina: entre a descolonização e o reencantamento
Authors: Machado Jorge , Nascimento Breno William
Published: April 2021

As marcas impressas por colonizadores europeus são vistas, ainda hoje, na terra, nas florestas, na carne, na pele, na subjetividade e na intelectualidade latino-americanas. Este ensaio acadêmico objetiva fazer um breve apontamento de autores, majoritariamente latino-americanos, que discutiram os impasses do colonialismo sobre a América Latina. O texto, inspirado nas cosmologias dos povos originários, propõe "que se plante, cultive e pratique a descolonização", através de um novo encantamento, o da ancestralidade.
O Uso de Tecnologia Social para Tratamento de Esgoto Doméstico numa Comunidade Rural de Gramado, RS, Brasil
Authors: Domingos Arthur Fernandes , Berreta Marcia dos Santos Ramos , Reis Mateus
Published: April 2021

Esse artigo apresenta uma proposta de Tecnologia Social (TS) para o tratamento de esgoto doméstico na área rural de Gramado/RS, utilizando basicamente os materiais de pneus de caminhão e sistema de raízes wetland. O objetivo é demonstrar a viabilidade social, técnica e econômica do sistema proposto para um núcleo urbano de uma área rural de Gramado. Para isso foi realizado um mapeamento da situação urbanística da área com o auxílio de veículo aéreo não tripulado (drone), gerando uma planta de localização de 19 edificações unifamiliares. As residências foram agrupadas em sete células, levando em consideração a proximidade entre elas, o escoamento do efluente por gravidade e o número de pessoas. Os critérios técnicos para o dimensionamento da fossa séptica e filtro anaeróbio foram baseados nas normas brasileiras NBR7229/1993 e NBR13969/1997. Por não haver norma técnica brasileira sobre o tema, a dimensão do sistema wetland foi obtida por meio do cálculo proposto por Andrade (2012). Foi realizado também um comparativo de custos de implantação do sistema na área de estudo entre o sistema convencional e o sistema proposto com TS. Concluiu-se, ao término, que o uso do sistema proposto nesse trabalho apresenta-se como uma tecnologia social gerando uma economia aproximada de 87% em comparação com o uso do sistema convencional. Ainda, o sistema proposto contribui para uma boa prática relacionada ao reaproveitamento do resíduo pneu de borracha, resultando num sistema de tratamento mais sustentável, impedindo o escoamento de efluentes não tratados para cursos d’água.
O Jogo de Capoeira no Jogo das Políticas Públicas: Uma análise do programa Capoeira viva
Authors: Natividade Lindinalvo
Published: April 2021

Foi objetivo desse artigo, parte integrante da dissertação “Capoeirando eu vou; cultura, memória, patrimonialização e políticas publicas no jogo da capoeira”, propor uma análise sobre os programas Capoeira viva edições de 2006 e 2007. A partir de uma abordagem qualitativa com base na revisão de literatura e na análise documental, observamos que a Capoeira passará a ser reconhecida como uma manifestação digna de apoio e fomentos por parte do Governo Federal no inicio do século XXI. Para tanto, programas de fomento são criados e planos de salvaguarda e preservação instituídos. Porem, haverá uma descontinuidade das ações dos programas pesquisados em questão devido a questões de ordem burocráticas, políticas e financeiras.
A Demão Invisível do Mercado: desregulamentação do mundo do trabalho, políticas de austeridade e ativismo jurídico
Authors: Oliveira Beatriz Besen de
Published: April 2021

O presente artigo busca analisar como a articulação entre a tríade - desregulamentação do mundo do trabalho, políticas de austeridade e ativismo jurídico - erigiu bases sólidas para a onda conservadora e neoliberal no Brasil. Revela-se como as Jornadas de Junho de 2013 produzem um cenário propício de articulação de tal tríade, trazendo a tona o ativismo jurídico como resposta às insatisfações populares. A Lei do Teto de Gastos (EC-95) simboliza uma retomada do pacto neoliberal que conduz a “pauta das reformas” para uma desregulamentação e diminuição das áreas de ação e responsabilidades do Estado. As crenças sobre o Estado Grande e Ineficiente tem dado margem para a defesa de que o ator privado independente é o mais habilitado para mover a economia e promover o bem-estar social no Brasil. A análise de tal tríade revela a necessidade de centralizar outros diagnósticos sobre o Estado brasileiro, de forma a combater o acelerado processo de formulação e aprovação de reformas neoliberais.
Política Pública, Autocontrol y Tendencia Intertemporal en el Control de la Obesidad y Sobrepeso
Authors: Bevilacqua Solon , Villena John Edward Neira
Published: April 2021

Una de las políticas públicas más importantes en pauta por la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) es la que aborda la obesidad y el sobrepeso. En este artículo se desarrolló el autocontrol bajo el desafío de una dieta alimentar. Se investigo durante 4 meses, participantes interesados en perder peso, tal como un emprendedor que exige disciplina y autocontrol diario en su actividad laboral. La metodología adoptada utilizó tres variaciones de monitoreo: uso de adipómetro, control de medidas e Índice de Masa Corporal (IMC), en contraste con un grupo de control. Las descubiertas indican que las tres formas de monitoreo interfirieron poco en las prácticas saludables, pero el grupo que no fue monitoreado tuvo significativo aumento de peso. Fueron previstas contribuciones prácticas en el estudio, indicando que la mejor forma de sustentar el autocontrol en la práctica de una dieta es el monitoreo del peso hecho por terceros, independiente de cual control sea realizado.
A Práxis na Psicologia Social Comunitária e nas Políticas Públicas (ou sobre seu sentido político)
Authors: Furlan Vinícius
Published: April 2021

O projeto utópico da Psicologia Social Crítica, desde sua emergência, busca apontar os caminhos para a emancipação humana, bem como se sustenta em sentidos originais e premissas da forma crítica que encontra seu principal valor num conceito nodal: a práxis; que caracteriza seu duplo télos: crítico e político. Em seu telós político se insere no trabalho com grupos junto a comunidades subalternas no horizonte dos processos de conscientização, luta política e elevação das relações solidárias e de sujeitos de direitos. Não obstante a inserção da Psicologia Social no âmbito das Políticas Públicas expresse seu interesse na dinâmica dos modos de intervenção social, ainda calhe a indagação acerca do sentido desta inserção: compromisso ético-político ou demanda de mercado?T têm-se observado a predominância do trabalho da psicologia social tem se dado dentro de instituições e políticas públicas, as quais definem uma série de técnicas burocráticas para o trabalho psicossocial, que pretendem intervenções direcionadas aos interesses do Estado e da lógica capitalista, bem como tais trabalhos não partem da premissa da organização de relações grupais e conscientização das classes subalternas, mas da necessidade de atendimento de alto contingente de usuários, o que, por sua vez, torna as práticas psicossociais e comunitárias de caráter estritamente pragmático, objetivista e tecnocrático,  e o axioma das práticas enquanto práxis possível se circunscreve como significante atópico.
Os Direitos Humanos e as Mulheres: a escola pode civilizar?
Authors: Vaz Antonio Carlos
Published: April 2021

A luta por direitos concretos nunca se esgotará em uma sociedade marcada pela desigualdade. A exploração econômica e as diferentes formas de opressão que produzem e reproduzem todas as formas de desigualdade criam grupos privilegiados, que gozam de todos os direitos possíveis, e outros que mal conhecem os seus direitos, ou, ainda pior, mesmo os conhecendo, ainda, assim, não veem seus direitos serem respeitados. A violência é, indiscutivelmente, um instrumento potente para o estabelecimento da ordem, para a conquista e manutenção do poder. As mulheres têm seus direitos básicos afetados, por exemplo, o direito de ir vir sem riscos de ser molestada; o direito de vestir-se como quiser; o direito de poder dizer não aos desejos de qualquer homem, inclusive se for seu parceiro; o direito de não ter o valor de seu trabalho diminuído em comparação ao trabalho de um homem; o direito de ser protegida fisicamente de ex-companheiro, potencial assassino que a ameaça reiteradamente; o direito a usufruir do transporte público sem sofrer qualquer forma de assédio; enfim, essa lista poderia ser estendida por infinitos itens que fazem parte de todas as mulheres brasileiras, e o que é ainda mais grave, desde sua infância, quando boa parte das mulheres sofrem algum tipo de abuso ou, ao menos, de tentativa de abuso sexual, desde formas mais sutis até as mais perversas, grosseiras. Discute-se aqui a educação como elemento fundamental para se problematizar os direitos humanos, trazendo à tona elementos que dão destaque à invisibilidade que os direitos, quando pensado a partir das vidas das mulheres, apresentam.
Uma Epistemologia das Políticas Públicas: elementos para a ação pública
Authors: Godoy Iván Flores
Published: April 2021

Uma Epistemologia das Políticas Públicas: elementos para a ação pública
An Epistemology of Public Policy: elements for public action
Una Epistemologia de las Políticas Públicas: elementos para la acción pública
Une Épistémologie de la Politique Publique: éléments pour l'action publique
 
Obra: Políticas Públicas Formulación, implementación y evaluación
Autor: André-Noël Roth Deubel
Idioma: Espanhol
Cidade: Bogotá
Editora: Aurora
Ano: 2002
14ª edição: 2019
Páginas: 296
ISBN-13: 978-958-9136-15-7
Oxygen Pathway Limitations in Patients With Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Howden Erin J. , Ruiz-Carmona Sergio , Claeys Mathias , De Bosscher Ruben , Willems Rik , Meyns Bart , Verbelen Tom , Maleux Geert , Godinas Laurent , Belge Catharina , Bogaert Jan , Claus Piet , La Gerche Andre , Delcroix Marion , Claessen Guido
Published: April 2021

Background:

Exertional intolerance is a limiting and often crippling symptom in patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH). Traditionally the pathogenesis has been attributed to central factors, including ventilation/perfusion mismatch, increased pulmonary vascular resistance, and right heart dysfunction and uncoupling. Pulmonary endarterectomy and balloon pulmonary angioplasty provide substantial improvement of functional status and hemodynamics. However, despite normalization of pulmonary hemodynamics, exercise capacity often does not return to age-predicted levels. By systematically evaluating the oxygen pathway, we aimed to elucidate the causes of functional limitations in patients with CTEPH before and after pulmonary vascular intervention.

Methods:

Using exercise cardiac magnetic resonance imaging with simultaneous invasive hemodynamic monitoring, we sought to quantify the steps of the O
2
transport cascade from the mouth to the mitochondria in patients with CTEPH (n=20) as compared with healthy participants (n=10). Furthermore, we evaluated the effect of pulmonary vascular intervention (pulmonary endarterectomy or balloon angioplasty) on the individual components of the cascade (n=10).

Results:

Peak V
o
2
(oxygen uptake) was significantly reduced in patients with CTEPH relative to controls (56±17 versus 112±20% of predicted;
P
<0.0001). The difference was attributable to impairments in multiple steps of the O
2
cascade, including O
2
delivery (product of cardiac output and arterial O
2
content), skeletal muscle diffusion capacity, and pulmonary diffusion. The total O
2
extracted in the periphery (ie, ΔAV
o
2
[arteriovenous O
2
content difference]) was not different. After pulmonary vascular intervention, peak V
o
2
increased significantly (from 12.5±4.0 to 17.8±7.5 mL/[kg·min];
P
=0.036) but remained below age-predicted levels (70±11%). The O
2
delivery was improved owing to an increase in peak cardiac output and lung diffusion capacity. However, peak exercise ΔAV
o
2
was unchanged, as was skeletal muscle diffusion capacity.

Conclusions:

We demonstrated that patients with CTEPH have significant impairment of all steps in the O
2
use cascade, resulting in markedly impaired exercise capacity. Pulmonary vascular intervention increased peak V
o
2
by partly correcting O
2
delivery but had no effect on abnormalities in peripheral O
2
extraction. This suggests that current interventions only partially address patients’ limitations and that additional therapies may improve functional capacity.
Sonifying Data from the Human Microbiota: Biota Beats
Authors: Kim Charles , Guo Alexandria , Salhotra Gautam , Sprinkhuizen Sara , Shetty Keerthi , Kong David Sun
Published: April 2021

This article presents a musical interface that enables the sonification of data from the human microbiota, the trillions of microorganisms that inhabit the human body, into sound and music. The project is concerned with public engagement in science, particularly the life sciences, and developing cultivation technologies that take advantage of the ubiquitous and accessible nature of the human microbiota. In this article we examine the collaboration between team members proficient in musical composition and those with expertise in biology, sonification, and data visualization, producing an individualized piece of music designed to capture basic biological data and user attention. Although this system, called Biota Beats, sonifies ubiquitous data for educational science projects, it also establishes a connection between individuals and their bodies and between a community and its context through interactive music experiences, while attempting to make the science of the human microbiome more accessible. The science behind standardizing sonified data for scientific, human analysis is still in development (in comparison to charts, graphs, spectrograms, or other types of data visualization). So a more artistic approach, using the framework of musical genres and their associated themes and motifs, is a convenient and previously established way to capitalize on how people naturally perceive sound. Further, to forge a creative connection between the human microbiota and the music genre, a philosophical shift is necessary, that of viewing the human body and the digital audio workstation as ubiquitous computers.
Infant functional networks are modulated by state of consciousness and circadian rhythm
Authors: Smith Rachel J. , Alipourjeddi Ehsan , Garner Cristal , Maser Amy L. , Shrey Daniel W. , Lopour Beth A.
Published: April 2021

Functional connectivity networks are valuable tools for studying development, cognition, and disease in the infant brain. In adults, such networks are modulated by the state of consciousness and the circadian rhythm; however, it is unknown if infant brain networks exhibit similar variation, given the unique temporal properties of infant sleep and circadian patterning. To address this, we analyzed functional connectivity networks calculated from long-term EEG recordings (average duration 20.8 hr) from 19 healthy infants. Networks were subject specific, as intersubject correlations between weighted adjacency matrices were low. However, within individual subjects, both sleep and wake networks were stable over time, with stronger functional connectivity during sleep than wakefulness. Principal component analysis revealed the presence of two dominant networks; visual sleep scoring confirmed that these corresponded to sleep and wakefulness. Lastly, we found that network strength, degree, clustering coefficient, and path length significantly varied with time of day, when measured in either wakefulness or sleep at the group level. Together, these results suggest that modulation of healthy functional networks occurs over ∼24 hr and is robust and repeatable. Accounting for such temporal periodicities may improve the physiological interpretation and use of functional connectivity analysis to investigate brain function in health and disease.
Extractive Opinion Summarization in Quantized Transformer Spaces
Authors: Angelidis Stefanos , Amplayo Reinald Kim , Suhara Yoshihiko , Wang Xiaolan , Lapata Mirella
Published: April 2021

We present the Quantized Transformer (QT), an unsupervised system for extractive opinion summarization. QT is inspired by Vector- Quantized Variational Autoencoders, which we repurpose for popularity-driven summarization. It uses a clustering interpretation of the quantized space and a novel extraction algorithm to discover popular opinions among hundreds of reviews, a significant step towards opinion summarization of practical scope. In addition, QT enables controllable summarization without further training, by utilizing properties of the quantized space to extract aspect-specific summaries. We also make publicly available Space, a large-scale evaluation benchmark for opinion summarizers, comprising general and aspect-specific summaries for 50 hotels. Experiments demonstrate the promise of our approach, which is validated by human studies where judges showed clear preference for our method over competitive baselines.
The History of Hemorrhagic Shock and Damage Control Resuscitation
Authors: Velez David R.
Published: April 2021

The understanding and management of hemorrhagic shock have evolved significantly over the last 400 years. Injured patients in shock mandate immediate surgeon involvement. Every graduating surgical resident and every surgeon taking trauma call should thoroughly understand the concepts of damage control resuscitation and be prepared to care for these patients. This review seeks to revisit the history of hemorrhagic shock and the evolution of damage control resuscitation.
Pulse Oximetry Screening and Critical Congenital Heart Disease in the State of Oregon
Authors: Cave Andrew T. , Lowenstein Sarah A. , McBride Christena , Michaud Joylyn , Madriago Erin J. , Ronai Christina
Published: April 2021

Late diagnosis of critical congenital heart disease (CCHD) is associated with higher levels of morbidity and mortality in neonates. Nearly all states have passed laws mandating universal pulse oximetry screening (POxS) of newborns to improve early detection rates of CCHD. We performed a retrospective chart review of all transthoracic echocardiograms (TTEs) interpreted by our institution on patients between 0 and 30 days of life in the years 2010 (prior to POxS) and 2015 (after POxS). Between 2010 and 2015, the number of neonatal TTEs interpreted by our institution decreased by 18.2%. In 2015, there were 46 neonates diagnosed with CCHD with a 78% prenatal detection rate. There was only one case of a true-positive POxS. Our study demonstrated that the initiation of POxS coincided with a significant decrease in neonatal TTEs, suggesting universal POxS may impart reassurance to primary providers leading to a decrease in TTE utilization.
Silanization integrating TiO2 nanorods-carbon fiber for improving mechanical and wear-resisting behaviors of phenolic composite
Authors: Fei Jie , Li Meng , Zheng Xinhui , Zhou Man , Liu Tian , Zhao Bei , Huang Jianfeng
Published: April 2021

A covalently bonded 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APS)-TiO2 nanorods-woven carbon fiber (WCF) was designed though the in-situ hydrothermal growth followed by the chemical grafting. The silanization for TiO2 nanorods-WCF improved both the mechanical interlocking and chemical interaction among TiO2 nanorods, carbon fiber and phenolic, as well as the interfacial bonding between TiO2 nanorod and carbon fiber, thus formed an effective transition interface. The designed WCF offered a 157.1% increase of tensile strength compared to the desized-WCF. Moreover, the optimized interfacial binding and Si-based transfer film on worn surface leaded to the increased frictional coefficient and a 63.0% decrease of wear rate for composite under sliding frication. The APS-TiO2 nanorods-woven carbon fiber was proven to be an advanced reinforcement for wear-resistance phenolic composite.
Hi, I’m Harry
Authors: Negley Susan Clements
Published: April 2021

A personal and anecdotal account of postpartum depression with psychotic features can be understood as an extreme state addressed relationally using Carl Jung’s analytic psychology. The relationship between the analyst and the analysand is understood as the containing environment for the treatment. Rather than pathological, an understanding of this experience as natural and deeply psychological allows for personal growth and deepens the mother–child bond. A mother’s childhood wounds make their way into the field and through dreams are examined for their universal underpinnings. The natural healing mechanism within the psyche tended by the sensitive clinician becomes the force for change without the traditional interventions offered by a medical model.
‘She Can’t Support Me Because She’s so Old’: A Mixed-Methods Study of Support Experiences and Needs in Adult Child–Parent Dyads at the End of Life
Authors: Herbst Franziska A. , Gawinski Laura , Schneider Nils , Stiel Stephanie
Published: April 2021

Little is known about support experiences and needs in the dyads of (1) terminally ill adult children and their parent caregivers and (2) terminally ill parents and their adult child caregivers. The current study aimed at investigating the experiences and needs of adult children and parents in end of life situations regarding their provision and receipt of support. The study employed a convergent parallel mixed-methods design, combining explorative qualitative interviews with the quantitative self-report Berlin Social Support Scales. Sixty-five patients (dyad 1: 19; dyad 2: 46) and 42 family caregivers (dyad 1: 13; dyad 2: 29) participated in the study (02/2018–11/2019). Results show that ill adult children felt less (well) supported than ill parents. Parent caregivers were often limited in the support they could provide, due to their age and health conditions. Hypotheses were deduced from patients’ and family caregivers’ notions to inform dyad-specific recommendations for support interventions.
A Preliminary Test of the Efficacy of Brief Self-Administered Behavioral Interventions for Rumination
Authors: Wolitzky-Taylor Kate , Breland Haley , Ross Jaclyn , Sewart Amy
Published: April 2021

Rumination is theorized to be a cognitive avoidance process that is implicated in several manifestations of psychopathology. Few interventions directly target rumination as a core process maintaining emotional disorder symptoms. This pilot study compared the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of self-directed behavioral approaches for reducing rumination. Participants ( N = 60) with elevations in rumination were randomized to 3 weeks of self-directed interventions: (a) scheduled rumination time; (b) a strategy combining mindfulness, shaping, and disengagement strategies; or (c) self-monitoring control. Both active treatment conditions outperformed self-monitoring control on post-treatment depression scores. Scheduled rumination time significantly outperformed the other two conditions on measures of rumination and worry. No between-group differences emerged on the secondary outcome (i.e., anxiety symptoms). Brief, self-directed, behavioral interventions targeting rumination are feasible and demonstrate preliminary efficacy. Scheduled rumination time shows moderate to large effects. The use of a small, non-treatment seeking sample was the primary limitation.
Beliefs and Social Norms as Precursors of Environmental Support: The Joint Influence of Collectivism and Socioeconomic Status
Authors: Sherman David K. , Updegraff John A. , Handy Michelle S. , Eom Kimin , Kim Heejung S.
Published: April 2021

The present research investigates how the cultural value of collectivism interacts with socioeconomic status (SES) to influence the basis of action. Using a U.S. national sample ( N = 2,538), the research examines how these sociocultural factors jointly moderate the strength of two precursors of environmental support: beliefs about climate change and perceived descriptive norms. SES and collectivism interacted with climate change beliefs such that beliefs predicted environmental support (i.e., proenvironmental behaviors and policy support) more strongly for those who were high in SES and low in collectivism than for all other groups. This interaction was explained, in part, by sense of control. For descriptive norms, SES and collectivism did not interact but rather norms predicted action most strongly for those high in collectivism and high in SES. These findings demonstrate the theoretical and applied importance of examining multiple sociocultural characteristics together to understand the factors that drive action.
Quantitative Muscle Ultrasonography Using 2D Textural Analysis: A Novel Approach to Assess Skeletal Muscle Structure and Quality in Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Wilkinson Thomas J. , Ashman Jed , Baker Luke A. , Watson Emma L. , Smith Alice C.
Published: April 2021

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by progressive reductions in skeletal muscle function and size. The concept of muscle quality is increasingly being used to assess muscle health, although the best means of assessment remains unidentified. The use of muscle echogenicity is limited by an inability to be compared across devices. Gray level of co-occurrence matrix (GLCM), a form of image texture analysis, may provide a measure of muscle quality, robust to scanner settings. This study aimed to identify GLCM values from skeletal muscle images in CKD and investigate their association with physical performance and strength (a surrogate of muscle function). Transverse images of the rectus femoris muscle were obtained using B-mode 2D ultrasound imaging. Texture analysis (GLCM) was performed using ImageJ. Five different GLCM features were quantified: energy or angular second moment (ASM), entropy, homogeneity, or inverse difference moment (IDM), correlation, and contrast. Physical function and strength were assessed using tests of handgrip strength, sit to stand-60, gait speed, incremental shuttle walk test, and timed up-and-go. Correlation coefficients between GLCM indices were compared to each objective functional measure. A total of 90 CKD patients (age 64.6 (10.9) years, 44% male, eGFR 33.8 (15.7) mL/minutes/1.73 m2) were included. Better muscle function was largely associated with those values suggestive of greater image texture homogeneity (i.e., greater ASM, correlation, and IDM, lower entropy and contrast). Entropy showed the greatest association across all the functional assessments ( r = −.177). All GLCM parameters, a form of higher-order texture analysis, were associated with muscle function, although the largest association as seen with image entropy. Image homogeneity likely indicates lower muscle infiltration of fat and fibrosis. Texture analysis may provide a novel indicator of muscle quality that is robust to changes in scanner settings. Further research is needed to substantiate our findings.
Implicit and Explicit Attitudes toward Hearing Aids: The Role of Media Language
Authors: Manzi Claudia , Adorni Roberta , Di Cicco Gabriele , Milano Valeria , Manunta Efisio , Montermini Fabio , Becker Maja , Steca Patrizia
Published: April 2021

Despite widespread hearing problems among older adults, only a minority uses hearing aids. The stigma associated with such aids represents a key factor modulated by language. The purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of different forms of media communication on both implicit and explicit attitudes toward hearing aids. A preliminary analysis highlighted an over-representation of “technical” and “medical” terms in the corpus linguistic commonly used by the press. These results were used to design an online experimental study. The results suggested that the exposure to a language that includes informal words—as opposed to the technical terms commonly used by the press—favors positive implicit and explicit attitudes toward hearing aids, particularly among people who have direct contact with older adults. Overall, the use of an informal language in the press could generate a style of communication that positively influences people’s attitudes toward hearing aids.
Sociological studies on nationalism in Japan
Authors: Tanabe Shunsuke
Published: April 2021

Issues regarding nationalism have been increasing since the 1990s on an international scale. This article reviews and summarizes the current state of sociological studies concerning Japanese nationalism and the changes therein, as many sociologists in Japan have focused on nationalism and its related problems. The first half of the article examines historical sociological studies about the emergence and development of nationalism in Japan, which demystify the fictions concerning Japan’s ethnic and cultural homogeneity and describe the specific historical roots of this myth. The latter half of the article reviews various aspects of modern sociological works on Japanese nationalism. While some studies empirically show various forms of nationalism, others demonstrate political components of Japanese nationalism or inquire about this recent phenomenon and related issues that have arisen since the 2010s.
[11C]deschloroclozapine is an improved PET radioligand for quantifying a human muscarinic DREADD expressed in monkey brain
Authors: Yan Xuefeng , Telu Sanjay , Dick Rachel M , Liow Jeih-San , Zanotti-Fregonara Paolo , Morse Cheryl L , Manly Lester S , Gladding Robert L , Shrestha Stal , Lerchner Walter , Nagai Yuji , Minamimoto Takafumi , Zoghbi Sami S , Innis Robert B , Pike Victor W , Richmond Barry J , Eldridge Mark AG
Published: April 2021

Previous work found that [11C]deschloroclozapine ([11C]DCZ) is superior to [11C]clozapine ([11C]CLZ) for imaging Designer Receptors Exclusively Activated by Designer Drugs (DREADDs). This study used PET to quantitatively and separately measure the signal from transfected receptors, endogenous receptors/targets, and non-displaceable binding in other brain regions to better understand this superiority. A genetically-modified muscarinic type-4 human receptor (hM4Di) was injected into the right amygdala of a male rhesus macaque. [11C]DCZ and [11C]CLZ PET scans were conducted 2–24 months later. Uptake was quantified relative to the concentration of parent radioligand in arterial plasma at baseline (n = 3 scans/radioligand) and after receptor blockade (n = 3 scans/radioligand). Both radioligands had greater uptake in the transfected region and displaceable uptake in other brain regions. Displaceable uptake was not uniformly distributed, perhaps representing off-target binding to endogenous receptor(s). After correction, [11C]DCZ signal was 19% of that for [11C]CLZ, and background uptake was 10% of that for [11C]CLZ. Despite stronger [11C]CLZ binding, the signal-to-background ratio for [11C]DCZ was almost two-fold greater than for [11C]CLZ. Both radioligands had comparable DREADD selectivity. All reference tissue models underestimated signal-to-background ratio in the transfected region by 40%–50% for both radioligands. Thus, the greater signal-to-background ratio of [11C]DCZ was due to its lower background uptake.
Plasminogen deficiency causes reduced angiogenesis and behavioral recovery after stroke in mice
Authors: Fang Jinghuan , Chopp Michael , Xin Hongqi , Zhang Li , Wang Fengjie , Golembieski William , Zhang Zheng Gang , He Li , Liu Zhongwu
Published: April 2021

Plasminogen is involved in the process of angiogenesis; however, the underlying mechanism is unclear. Here, we investigated the potential contribution of plasmin/plasminogen in mediating angiogenesis and thereby contributing to functional recovery post-stroke. Wild-type plasminogen naive (Plg+/+) mice and plasminogen knockout (Plg−/−) mice were subjected to unilateral permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo). Blood vessels were labeled with FITC-dextran. Functional outcomes, and cerebral vessel density were compared between Plg+/+ and Plg−/− mice at different time points after stroke. We found that Plg−/− mice exhibited significantly reduced functional recovery, associated with significantly decreased vessel density in the peri-infarct area in the ipsilesional cortex compared with Plg+/+ mice. In vitro, cerebral endothelial cells harvested from Plg−/− mice exhibited significantly reduced angiogenesis assessed using tube formation assay, and migration, as evaluated using Scratch assays, compared to endothelial cells harvested from Plg+/+ mice. In addition, using Western blots, expression of thrombospondin (TSP)-1 and TSP-2 were increased after MCAo in the Plg−/− group compared to Plg+/+ mice, especially in the ipsilesional side of brain. Taken together, our data suggest that plasmin/plasminogen down-regulates the expression level of TSP-1 and TSP-2, and thereby promotes angiogenesis in the peri-ischemic brain tissue, which contributes to functional recovery after ischemic stroke.
Large thyroglossal duct cyst of the neck mimicking cervical cystic lymphangioma in a neonate: a case report
Authors: Fang Ning , Angula Laina Ndapewa , Cui Yu , Wang Xin
Published: April 2021

Thyroglossal duct cyst (TGDC) is a congenital neck malformation, with a rate of approximately 7% in paediatric patients. TGDC is rarely detected in infants aged younger than 1 year. Even though TGDC is histologically benign, it is associated with preterm delivery or sudden infant death due to airway obstruction, with a mortality rate of 30% to 40%. We report a rare case of a neonate who presented with a large left lateral neck mass. At 7 to 8 months of gestation, magnetic resonance imaging of the foetal neck showed that there was a high possibility of a cervical cystic lymphangioma. The patient had normal vital signs and was afebrile. She was immediately transferred to our Ear, Nose, and Throat Department for further diagnosis and treatment. A computed tomography scan confirmed a large cystic mass that was positioned against a thyroglossal duct. Excision of the mass in the left neck was performed under general anaesthesia without resecting part of the hyoid bone. A histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of a TGDC. Follow-up at 1 year showed no recurrence.
Scientific intelligence, nuclear assistance, and bargaining
Authors: Spaniel William
Published: April 2021

Members of the non-proliferation regime give technical assistance to countries contemplating nuclear weapons. This is puzzling: it facilitates the behavior donors wish to stop, and other forms of concessions do not have this drawback. Why do it? I develop a model of uncertainty, bargaining, and nuclear proliferation. In it, assistance hastens acquisition time but also generates a signal about the recipient’s domestic nuclear proficiency. This allows donors to better calibrate other concessions to the recipient. In equilibrium, donors sometimes find the information worth sacrificing bargaining leverage for. However, despite providing information, assistance can cause proliferation if donors believe that the recipient is competent but observe a misleading signal indicating incompetence. This paper works toward understanding how scientific intelligence affects international negotiations, an underexplored subject matter for political scientists.
An Experimental Study on the Impact of Contact Design on Web Survey Participation
Authors: Maineri Angelica M. , Van Mol Christof
Published: April 2021

In higher education institutions, web surveys are frequently used for educational, research, and administrative purposes. One of the consequences of this is increasing oversurveying of higher education students, leading to low response rates. This naturally has important implications for the validity of web survey results. Consequently, we set up a methodological experiment at Tilburg University, the Netherlands, whereby the total student population was invited to participate in a web survey in order to investigate which features of contact design can positively influence web survey participation. We particularly focus on subject line content, the communication of deadlines and their timing, as well as the delays between contact moments. The results reveal that students were more likely to respond to a web survey invitation when the subject line is written in the national language in multilingual contexts. Furthermore, although the findings did not indicate an advantage of using a deadline, they also suggested that if a deadline is to be used, a longer deadline might be more beneficial.
Optimisation design of short pitch spiral hybrid SCR structure for improving the exhaust performance
Authors: Zhang Chaofeng , Hou Xiaocheng , Lu Kai , Zeng Wei , Zhao Junhua
Published: April 2021

As exhaust emission standards become increasingly stringent, the requirements for diesel exhaust post-treatment systems become increasingly demanding. This research focuses on the optimisation of a new hybrid structure to improve the performance of exhaust post-treatment systems. First, a short pitch spiral mixing chamber with sufficient mixing space and low temperature loss was designed to improve the evaporation of liquid droplets. Additionally, a conical plate mixer was used to conduct secondary mixing of the gas to improve the flow characteristics further. The ammonia uniformity and crystallisation risk of the new hybrid structure were simulated using Computational Fluid Dynamics, and the optimal hybrid structure was verified by tests. The results showed that ammonia leakage, low temperature crystallisation and NOX conversion efficiency could effectively be improved by optimally designing the new hybrid structure. This research is of great significance for reducing exhaust pollution and optimising diesel exhaust post-treatment systems.
Investigation of the dimensional accuracy using image processing techniques in powder bed fusion
Authors: Özsoy Koray , Aksoy Bekir , Salman Osamah Khaled Musleh
Published: April 2021

In this study, a sample part is manufactured by using the Powder Bed Fusion (PBF) method with maraging steel metal powder, and the manufactured part is examined in terms of dimensional accuracy by image processing techniques. The sample =art is drawn with various geometric shapes so that dimensional and areal controlling with the image processing techniques can be performed accurately. The purpose of dimensional control is to choose the most suitable manufacturing parameters to ensure the closest production of the real dimensions of the part. With the detection of significant deviations in dimensional values by image processing techniques, the designs of the part should be changed according to these deviations. In this study, each layer of the manufactured sample part image is captured by a camera. Afterward, dimensional and areal percent error rates are determined by three different methods based on image processing techniques.