bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Critical evaluation of heat extraction temperature on soluble microbial products (SMP) and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) quantification in wastewater processes
Authors: Lim Kahao , Parameswaran Prathap
Published: March 2022

While soluble microbial products (SMP) and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in wastewater bioprocesses have been widely studied, a lack of standard quantification procedures make it difficult to compare results between studies. This study investigated the effect of temperature on SMP and EPS profiles for biological nutrient removal (BNR) sludges and aerobic membrane bioreactor sludge by adapting the commonly used heat extraction and centrifugation scheme, followed by colorimetric quantification of the carbohydrate and protein fractions using the phenol-sulfuric acid (PS) and the bicinchoninic acid (BCA) methods, respectively. To overcome known inconsistencies in colorimetry, total carbon (TC), total nitrogen (TN), and fluorometry analyses were performed in tandem. SMP samples marginally benefitted from heat extraction, owing to their mostly soluble nature, while EPS profiles were greatly influenced by temperature. 60 °C appears to be a suitable general-purpose extraction temperature near the lysis threshold for the sludges tested. The PS method's misestimation due to lack of specificity was observed and contrasted by TC analyses, while the TN analyses corroborated the BCA assays. Fluorometry proved to be a sensitive and rapid analytical method that provided semi-quantitative information on SMP and EPS constituents, particularly its proteinaceous components, with positive implications for robust wastewater process control.
Otoloji-nörotoloji alanındaki kitapların bibliyometrik analizi-Türkiye örneği
Authors: TÜRE Nurullah , GÜVEY Ali , TOPUZ Muhammet Fatih
Published: March 2022

Amaç: 1892-2021 yılları arasında Türkiye’de otoloji- nörotoloji alanında yayınlanan kitapların niceliksel analizinin yapıldığı bibliyometrik araştırma amaçlanmıştır.Yöntemler: Otoloji-nörotoloji alanında 1892-2021 yıllar arasında yayınlanan kitapların saptanmasında Milli kütüphane kâşif otomasyon sistemi, Türkiye’de kitap satışı yapan elektronik sahaf ve yayınevlerinin resmi internet sayfasında bulunan veri tabanı ve Türk kulak burun boğaz bibliyografyası kitabı kullanılmıştır. Tespit edilen kitapların yazar, yayınlandığı yıl, yayınlandığı şehir, konu değerlendirmesi, tercüme ve telif eser, basım sayısı özellikleri değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular: 1892 yılından 21 Ağustos 2021 tarihine kadar ülkemizde yayınlanmış otoloji-nörotoloji kitap sayısı 41 olarak tespit edilmiştir. İlk otoloji kitabının 1892 yılında Mehmet Neşet tarafından İstanbul’da yayınlandığı tespit edilmiştir. Araştırmamızdaki en güncel kitabın ise Fuat Bulut tarafından 2021 yılında Ankara’da yayınlandığı saptanmıştır. Çalışmaya dahil edilen 41 kitabın sadece 7 tanesi tercüme eser özelliğinde, 34 kitabın ise telif eser niteliğinde olduğu saptanmıştır. Basım özellikleri açısından 7 kitabın ikinci basım yapıldığı, diğer 34 kitabın ise sadece bir kez basım yapıldığı saptanmıştır. Kitapların zaman dilimlerine göre sınıflandırılmasında en az kitabın yayınlandığı tarihin 1911-1930 yılları arası, en çok kitabın yayınlandığı tarihin ise 2011-2021 yılları arasında olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Kitapların basıldığı şehirler açısından incelenmesinde 24 kitapla en fazla kitabın İstanbul’da, 13 kitabın ise Ankara’da yayınlandığı saptanmıştır. Kitapların alt konuya göre incelenmesinde genel otoloji alanında 12, odyoloji hakkında 11, otolojik cerrahi hakkında 8 kitap yayınlandığı tespit edilmiştir.Sonuç: Türkiye’de otoloji-nörotoloji alanında yayınlanan kitap sayısındaki artış ve kitapların konu çeşitliliği heyecan vericidir. Bundan sonraki çalışmalarda atıf analizi araştırılmasının yapılması kitapların niteliksel değerlendirilmesini sağlayacaktır.
Relación entre la ética y la política en Santo Tomás de Aquino
Authors:   Universidad Católica del Maule, Fattah Jeldres Javier
Published: March 2022

El presente trabajo pretende analizar la relación existente entre la ética y la política en Santo Tomás de Aquino. Hablar de la ética y la política necesariamente nos lleva a revisar las nociones de bien, poniendo especial énfasis en el bien común. Analizar dichos elementos en Santo Tomás inevitablemente deriva en el tratamiento de principios metafísicos que a su vez son fundamentos de las nociones éticas y políticas que este desarrolla, es por esto, que se revisarán algunos principios de orden metafísico, partiendo por la naturaleza humana para finalmente revisar el principio de totalidad y como este influye en el bien común. Los principios metafísicos no solo afectan al individuo particular, sino que también al gobierno, de ahí que este tenga ciertas obligaciones con los ciudadanos, siendo una de las esenciales guiar a los sujetos hacia el bien común, además de mantener la paz y la unidad dentro de la ciudad.
Investigating the Influence of ACTN3 R577X Polymorphism on Performance and Angular Kinematics Using Motion Capture Technology
Authors: Moe Thet Hnin , Wongveerakul Pongpanot , Saengsirisuwan Vitoon , Charoenpanich Nongnapas , Papadimitriou Ioannis
Published: March 2022

Background:

The ACTN3 gene is known as the “sprinter gene” due to the increased frequency of the R allele of the gene in various cohorts of elite sprinters compared to the general population. In situ muscle fibers that express α-actinin-3 protein can produce more force than the muscle fibers that are α-actinin-3 deficient. In vivo analysis showed that individuals lacking the R variant of the gene (ACTN3 XX genotype) encoding α-actinin-3 demonstrated slower running times and lower peak knee torque at higher angular speeds (30–180 deg/s).

Aim:

The aim of this study is to investigate the influence of the ACTN3 gene on performance and angular kinematic characteristics by comparing ACTN3 RR+RX and ACTN3 XX individuals during explosive jumps and sprints using motion capture technology.

Methods:

The kinematic and force data were obtained using a Qualisys Track Manager (QTM) system, and DNA was isolated from white blood cells using standard procedures. The 291-bp PCR fragment was electrophoresed, visualized under UV light, and finally, digested with Hpy8 restriction endonuclease.

Results:

ACTN3 RR+RX individuals demonstrated statistically significant differences (P<0.05) in SJ, CMJ, and DJ jump height, greater mean values of peak vertical ground reaction force (PVGRF), increased angular velocity at the knee joint during the DJ jump, and greater torque production at higher angular speeds during 5-m sprints.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, our study allowed us to deepen our knowledge regarding the role of α-actinin-3 protein in human locomotion. The results indicate that the ACTN3 gene influences force production and certain angular kinematic characteristics during explosive jumps and sprints.
Focus. Een christologische aanzet voor pastorale supervisie
Authors: Pleizier T.T.J.
Published: March 2022

N.a.v. Geoff Broughton, A Practical Christology for Pastoral Supervision. Explorations in Practical, Pastoral and Empirical Theology (Londen: Routledge, 2021) 156 p., GBP 96,00 (ISBN 9780367745066).
Primer registro de Trichophaeopsis paludosa (Pyronemataceae, Ascomycota) en México
Authors: Sánchez Flores Marcos , García Jiménez Jesús , Raymundo Tania
Published: March 2022

Antecedentes y Objetivos: Trichophaeopsis pertenece a la familia Pyronemataceae (Pezizales, Ascomycota). Se caracteriza por apotecios diminutos de menos de 5 mm de diámetro con setas color marrón obscuro, ascas operculadas-octosporadas y ascosporas lisas o verrugosas. Sus especies son ectomicorrizógenas con distribución en zonas templadas. El presente estudio tiene como objetivo describir por primera vez el género para México.Métodos: Los especímenes fueron recolectados en un bosque de Quercus-Pinus en Victoria, Tamaulipas, localizado en la Sierra Madre Oriental y se procesaron de acuerdo con las técnicas tradicionales micológicas. Posteriormente se depositaron en el herbario micológico José Castillo Tovar, del Instituto Tecnológico de Ciudad Victoria, Tamaulipas, México.Resultados clave: Se identificó a Trichophaeopsis paludosa que se caracteriza por apotecios blanquecinos hasta 4 mm de diámetro con setas color marrón obscuro y que crece asociada a Quercus rysophylla en un bosque de Quercus-Pinus, en el estado de Tamaulipas.Conclusiones: Trichophaeopsis paludosa es un miembro de Pyronemataceae con apotecios diminutos. Por su tamaño es complicado de ubicar, lo que ha dificultado su localización y es posible que se encuentre ampliamente distribuido en bosques de Quercus-Pinus en México.
PERGESERAN MAKNA PAHLAWAN DI KALANGAN REMAJA:: SEBUAH TA NTA NG AN PENDIDIKAN
Authors: EFIANINGRUM ARIEFA
Published: March 2022

The rapid development of Information and Communication Technology has cultural implications in society. The agenda setting theory, states that media determine people’s way of thinking. The agenda setting theory states that media determine people's way of thinking. Due to the strong penetration of media, configures have begun to replace old ones. Media continuously offer a new status, making the popularity oj contemporary heroes more and more significant. As a reference group, heroes are figures with whom the young generation identify themselves. A hero with its conventional meaning is alwavs changing. Formerly, a hero was a figure with an exceptionally charming personality. Nowadays. media have a role to set new objects that the puhhe admire through pseudo-heroism. This is called the involution of the meaning qf heroism. Such a phenomenon becomes a challenge in the field of education to re-actualize the meaning ofa real hero, namely a conscientious hero.
PERAN TR.ANSFORMASIONAL LSM BAGI PEMBELAJARAN POLITIK RAKYAT
Authors: ROHMAN ARIF
Published: March 2022

Economic policies that spoil only big conglomerates and foreign capitalist and political policies that continously restrict and ignore democratic values and human rights have made lay people and civil power weak Therefore. Non-Government Organizations (NGO) as voluntary organizations, especially in 1990s, tried to enpower the civil people in order to be able to face the government. NGOs made such an attempt to achieve tha aspiratiron of making a civil society into reality, the society is not natural society or political society anymore, but a society in the highest level, namely civil society. It is a society whose members have an independent atlitude, an ability to develop the self, and an ability to restrict the government intervention in the reoliy that they have created as the space of their own activities.
LEARNING SOCIETY SEBAGAt WAHANA MFMBANGUN KARAKTER BANGSA
Authors: HANUM FARIDA
Published: March 2022

All members of a society have rights to receive education (education for all) and what exist in a society can be educational resources (all for education). If such a concept is applied with a full commitment, a learning society will result. A learning society can reflect an educated society, which can be attained through formal or non formal institutions. An educated society will produce morale and ethics, and a society with morale and ethics is one with a character and a self-esteem as a nation. It is what people in the world aspire.
ASPEK-ASPEK FIISAFAT DAN KAITANNYA DENGAN PENDIDIKAN
Authors: DARDIRI ACHMAD
Published: March 2022

Antara filsafat dan pendidikan terdapat kaitan yang sangat erat. Filsafat memiliki aspek-aspek utama yang dapat dijadikan landasan bagi pendidikan. Aspek-aspek yang dimaksud adalah aspek-aspek: metafisis, epistemologis, dan aksiologis. Aspek metafisis antara lain berkaitan dengan persoalan realitas yang tercermin pada bahan ajar, pengalaman dan keterampilan. Aspek epistemologis berkaitan dengan persoalan pengetahuan dan kebenaran trrmasuk di dalamnya sumber belajar dan metode belajar­mengajar; aspek aksiologis berkaitan dengan nilai kebaikan dan keindahan yang akan ditanamkan kepada peserta didik.
MENSTIMULASI KECERDASAN EMOTIONAL ANAK SEJAK USIA DINI
Authors: HAYATI NUR
Published: March 2022

The success of people in their life is influenced by various factors. According to the research of some psychologists, the intellectual intelligence factor has only little influences to the life success, while the rest influenced by emotional intelligence factor and other support factors. Emotional intelligence will not appear just like that, however, it needs to be growth and trained as early as possible. Early age children have capability to grow their emotional intelligence although it still conforms to their egocentric dominated development. That gold potentiality witl develop very well when it is often stimulated and sharpened. It is realized that an early age child who has emotional intelligence will be more adaptable to his/her environment and be more competent to cope with his/her lift problem. The life success of people will be easier to be attained if he%she has emotional and intellectual intelligence. To grow children emotional intelligence, there are some areas that need to he developed those are introducing self-emotion, managing emotion, self motivating, knowing other emotion or empathy and building relationship. To actualize those five areas is a genius first step in stimulated children emotional intelligence skill. The parents can actualizefilve areas emotional intelligence with develop love gjfirur, how to teach altitude, how to develop empathy, hew to teach honesty and realistic thinking.
MEMAKSIMALKAN PERAN HUMAS DI LEMBAGA PENDIDIKAN ANAK USIA DINI
Authors: CAHYA NINGRUM EKA SAPTI
Published: March 2022

Pendidikan yang diberikan kapada anak sebelum memasuki sekolah dasar merupakan salah satu alternatif yang harus dikembangkan dalam mempersiapkan anak menuju wajib belajar pendidikan dasar (9 tahun). Pendidikan dan perhatian terhadap anak pada usia 0-6 tahun sangat membantu perkembangan sosial, emosi, fisik, den kognitif anak. Perhatian terhadap pcrkembangan anak sejak dini sangat menentukan perkembangan anak secara menyeluruh. Sebelum memasuki pendidikan formal di bangku sekolah dasar, anak-anak perlu orientasi di bangku prasekolah. Persiapan ini bisa dilakukan melalui pendidikan formal (TK), nonformal (TPA KB), maupun informal            (Keluarga). Pada sisi yang lain pemerintah melindungi hak anak mendapatkan layanan pendidikan. Ini terbukti pada pasal 28 Undang-undang Nomor 20 Tahun 2003 tentang Sistem Pendidikan Nasional yang mengatur PAUD, namun implementasinya di lapangan masih jauh dari apa yang diharapkan. Proporsi antara lembaga pendidikan anak usia dini di Indonesia didominasi oleh masyarakat, mencapai lebih dari 80% dengan variasi biaya pendidikan mulai dari yang sangat murah hingga yang sangat mahal. Penyebaran lembaga pendidikan anak usia dini di Jawa relatif merata, sedangkan di luar Jawa cenderung berada di daerah-daerah yang maju. Tingginya lembaga pendidikan anak usia dini yang difasilitasi oleh masyarakat menunjukkan dukungan berbagai dari pihak untuk pengembangan lembaga PAUD. Hubungan masyarakat dalam hal ini menjadi sebuah keharusan mengingat banyaknya kebutuhan pengembangan berkelanjutan. Keberhasilan hubungan dengan masyarakat pada lembaga pendidikan menentukan dukungan masyarakat dalam hal pendanaan maupun pemikiran dan perhatian untuk menjaga kelangsungan lembaga sekaligus meningkatkan kualitasnya.
Bentuk perlawanan perempuan melalui penulisan dalam album Dunia Milik Kita dan Salam Harapan
Authors: Saraswati Dyah Paramita , Subono Nur Iman , Melani Friska
Published: March 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan bentuk perlawanan perempuan yang tersirat pada lirik lagu paduan suara Dialita. Data penelitian berupa satuan lingual berupa kata, frasa, klausa di dalam teks-teks lagu. Sumber data penelitian berupa lagu dari album dari Paduan Suara Dialita yang berjudul “Dunia Milik Kita” (10 lagu) dan “Salam Harapan” (12 lagu). Analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif guna menganalisa isi lagu dari kedua album tersebut. Dari hasil kajian, banyak lirik menggambarkan kisah sejarah korban penyitas tahun 1965 dari sudut pandang perempuan sebagai tahanan politik. Pengungkapan harapan para perempuan dan usaha memperbaiki citra buruk perempuan bentukan propaganda Orde baru sebagai perempuan brutal dan dikaitkan dengan Partai Komunis Indonesia (PKI). Lirik lagu ini juga mengungkapkan buah pikir dan suara hati perempuan melalui tulisan sebagai bentuk perlawanan baru yang dapat dilakukan oleh perempuan. Lagu-lagu itu membantu perempuan bertahan di masa-masa sulit di era tersebut. Meskipun lirik lagu membahas tentang perempuan, tokoh laki-laki tetap dihadirkan namun masih dari sudut pandang perempuan. The forms of women’s resistance through writing in Dunia Milik Kita and Salam Harapan albumsThis study aimed to describe the form of women’s resistance implied in the lyrics of the Dialita choir song. The research data were in the form of lingual units in words, phrases, clauses in song texts. The data sources are songs from the album of the Dialita Choir entitled “Dunia Milik Kita” (10 songs) and “Salam Harapan” (12 songs). The contents of the songs from the two albums were then analyzed descriptively. From the study, most of the lyrics describe the historical story of 1965 survivors from the perspective of women as political prisoners. They express women’s hopes and efforts to improve the wrong image of women formed by the New Order propaganda as brutal women and associated with the Indonesian Communist Party. The lyrics of this song also express the thoughts and voices of women’s hearts through writing as a new form of resistance that women can do. The songs helped women survive through difficult times of the era. Even though the song lyrics talk about women, the male characters are still presented from a woman’s point of view.
Professional development and interpersonal communication: Influence on vocational teachers teaching performance
Authors: Ahmad Masduki , Rochimah Heni
Published: March 2022

This research was conducted to see the impact of professional development and interpersonal communication on the teaching performance of vocational teachers in  West Cikarang, West Java Province, Indonesia. The research method used is the survey method and data examination, namely multiple linear regression. The populace in this research was 119, with the Slovin formula with a 5% of significance level, then the research sample obtained was 92 vocational teachers. Data collection techniques using questionnaires and hypothesis testing using t-test and F-test. The outcome of this calculation shows that professional development and interpersonal communication on teacher teaching performance have simultaneous effects as indicated by the Fcount 34.453 Ftable 3.10 and the significance value 0.000 0.05. The large effect of professional development and interpersonal communication on teaching performance is shown throughout the coefficient determination of 0.443 or 44.3%, with the influence of professional development variables of 13.9% while interpersonal communication variables of 30.2%.
Curriculum and learning management: Integration of creative economy value to improve students’ life skill
Authors: Malaikosa Yes Matheos Lasarus , Widyadharma Andhika Putra , Pangestu Widya Trio
Published: March 2022

The impact of the ASEAN economic community on the development of industry 4.0 is increasingly massive. The education system needs a new buzz to respond to the development of industry 4.0. The Indonesian government continues to make changes and developments in the field of education to prepare learners to become knowledgeable, capable, creative, independent, and responsible human beings. The research uses a qualitative approach, with data collection techniques through observation, interview, and one in the documentation of strengthening life skills with integrase creative economic value. In this study, researchers successfully interviewed the principal, teacher, student, and creative ruler of the alumni element of Grafika Desa Putera Vocational High School (SMK Grafika Desa Putera). The results showed that  SMK Grafika Desa Putera integrates the important value of the creative economy for students in adaptive programs, local content, normative, productive, and self-development to produce productive, creative work. Vocational education aims to prepare graduates to be ready to work and innovate. The main purpose of this research is to know the content of the creative economy in shaping learners' life skills.
Analysis of middle semester exam subjects for Automotive Vehicle Chassis (AVC) to improve the implementation management of learning evaluation
Authors: Umaroh Susi Tri , Soeryanto Soeryanto , Warju Warju , Marniati Marniati
Published: March 2022

Entering the 21st century with the industrial revolution 4.0, the speed of progress in information and communication technology has become unstoppable. One of the most benefited from these advances in the world of education. Exploration of learning resources, and discussion forums, for the evaluation of learning can be done easily because of technological advances. Learning evaluation can use a digital platform, and it is very easy to analyze to improve the management of the implementation of learning evaluation. This study was conducted to analyze the mid-semester test instrument, which includes Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) questions and is used to measure students' abilities in the subject of Automotive Vehicle Chassis (AVC) in the Department of Automotive Engineering) at SMK Dharma Bahari Surabaya, Indonesia. This research method is descriptive and quantitative. The sample in this study was 40 students. The mid-semester questions were given as many as 40 questions related to the mid-semester exam material using the Quizizz platform. Analysis of the items is carried out by using the Rasch model approach to obtain fit items. This analysis was carried out with the help of Winsteps 3.73 software. In this study, it was found that the instrument of the question that Person Reliability at mid-semester Automotive Vehicle Chassis (AVC) was 0.85 while item reliability was 0.86. The magnitude of Cronbach's Alpha is 0.86, so it can be used to evaluate learning in AVC subjects according to the Rasch model.
An analysis on students' thesis topics and research types in automotive engineering education program
Authors: Siswanto Ibnu , Ma Hongbo , Kurniawan Sigit
Published: March 2022

This study aims to analyze the topics and types/methods of research in the thesis of students of the Automotive Engineering Education study program, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta. This research is descriptive research. The types/methods were descriptive models, Action Research, Ex Post-Facto, Research and Development, Evaluation, and Experimental Research (100, 69, 50, 35, 30, and 23 studies respectively). The study was conducted by analyzing 320 student thesis articles published from 2014 to 2018 in the Yogyakarta State University student e-journal. The results showed that the student's thesis topics consisted of 5 research topics, namely: education (139 topics), learning (120 topics), media development (43 topics), university issues (9 topics), and automotive engineering topics (9 pieces). Based on the results of the research, the types/research methods used were categorized into six methods, namely descriptive models (100 studies), classroom action research (69 studies), ex-post-facto (50 studies), research and development (48 studies), evaluation (30 studies), research and experimental (23 studies).
Analysis of quality implementation and supervision of vocational high schools using a qualitative approach
Authors: Tasrif Elfi , Abubakari Mussa Saidi , Hidayat Hendra
Published: March 2022

Academic supervision makes vocational high schools able to improve the quality of graduates to be ready to work and able to compete in the job market in people's lives. This paper aims to explore and describe the implementation of quality and supervision of vocational high schools using a qualitative approach. This type of qualitative research with a case study research design. The main target of this research is the supervisor of a vocational school in the city of Padang. This study is limited to a qualitative description of the implementation of quality and supervision of Vocational High Schools. The source of this research data is from key-informant, purposively. Data collection techniques with interview and observation techniques. Analyze data by coding, linking, and interpreting themes. The results of the research are: 1.) Supervisors are not ready to carry out supervision; 2.) The education office is less than optimal in empowering supervisors; 3.) Supervisors are less aggressive in positioning themselves; 4.) The coordinator of supervisors does not carry out his functions optimally; 5.) The low motivation of supervisors; 6.) The distribution of procurement of supervisors is uneven; 7.) The control mechanism for supervisors and the coordinator of supervisors is not working properly; 8.) Reward and punishment do not work; 9.) School visits are just routine; and 10.) Relations with teachers and schools are not well established. The conclusion is that the implementation of academic supervision is still not running optimal and lacks good communication and coordination.
Integrated e-commerce security model for websites
Authors:   Department of Information Systems, College of Computer Science and Engineering, Taibah University, Medina, Saudi Arabia, Alfadli Ibrahim
Published: March 2022

E-commerce is the branch of digital life that contains all economic and trade businesses conducted via the internet and commercial procedures connected to these businesses. It is considered the major and fastest-growing area in the world. It is the greatest way of purchasing goods and services done net. The old buying was changed by e-commerce only through this Covid pandemic. However, the enormous challenge of e-commerce is insider and outsider cyber-attacks, which threats the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of e-commerce. The researchers have proposed several security models and frameworks for the e-commerce field; however, there is a lack of an integrated model to secure the purchasing and selling of websites. Thus, this study presents a survey of cyberattacks that may damage e-commerce and proposes an integrated security model for e-commerce using a design science approach. The proposed model comprises three main parts: Client, e-commerce, and security. The results show that the proposed model can ensure purchasing and selling on the website and instantiate their solution models using a modeling approach.
Discussions and Misinformation About Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems and COVID-19: Qualitative Analysis of Twitter Content
Authors: Sidani Jaime E , Hoffman Beth , Colditz Jason B , Wolynn Riley , Hsiao Lily , Chu Kar-Hai , Rose Jason J , Shensa Ariel , Davis Esa , Primack Brian
Published: March 2022

Background

Misinformation and conspiracy theories related to COVID-19 and electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) are increasing. Some of this may stem from early reports suggesting a lower risk of severe COVID-19 in nicotine users. Additionally, a common conspiracy is that the e-cigarette or vaping product use–associated lung injury (EVALI) outbreak of 2019 was actually an early presentation of COVID-19. This may have important public health ramifications for both COVID-19 control and ENDS use.

Objective

Twitter is an ideal tool for analyzing real-time public discussions related to both ENDS and COVID-19. This study seeks to collect and classify Twitter messages (“tweets”) related to ENDS and COVID-19 to inform public health messaging.

Methods

Approximately 2.1 million tweets matching ENDS-related keywords were collected from March 1, 2020, through June 30, 2020, and were then filtered for COVID-19–related keywords, resulting in 67,321 original tweets. A 5% (n=3366) subsample was obtained for human coding using a systematically developed codebook. Tweets were coded for relevance to the topic and four overarching categories.

Results

A total of 1930 (57.3%) tweets were coded as relevant to the research topic. Half (n=1008, 52.2%) of these discussed a perceived association between ENDS use and COVID-19 susceptibility or severity, with 42.4% (n=818) suggesting that ENDS use is associated with worse COVID-19 symptoms. One-quarter (n=479, 24.8%) of tweets discussed the perceived similarity/dissimilarity of COVID-19 and EVALI, and 13.8% (n=266) discussed ENDS use behavior. Misinformation and conspiracy theories were present throughout all coding categories.

Conclusions

Discussions about ENDS use and COVID-19 on Twitter frequently highlight concerns about the susceptibility and severity of COVID-19 for ENDS users; however, many contain misinformation and conspiracy theories. Public health messaging should capitalize on these concerns and amplify accurate Twitter messaging.
Meeting the unmet needs of individuals with mental disorders: a scoping review on peer-to-peer online interactions (Preprint)
Authors: Storman Dawid , Jemioło Paweł , Świerz Mateusz Jan , Sawiec Zuzanna , Antonowicz Ewa , Prokop-Dorner Anna , Gotfryd-Burzyńska Marcelina , Bała Małgorzata Maria
Published: March 2022

BACKGROUND

There is an increasing number of online support groups providing advice and information on topics related to mental health.

OBJECTIVE

The study aimed to investigate the needs that Internet users meet through peer-to-peer interactions.

METHODS

A search of 4 databases was performed until July 24, 2021. Qualitative or mixed methods (i.e., qualitative and quantitative) studies investigating interactions among Internet users with mental disorders were included. The φ coefficient was used and machine-learning (ML) techniques were applied to investigate associations between the type of mental disorders and online interactions linked to seeking help or support.

RESULTS

Of the 11,316 identified records, 38 studies that assessed a total of 79,735 users and 218,156 posts were included. The most frequent interactions were noted for people with eating disorders (19%), depression (19%), and psychoactive substance use (17%). We grouped interactions between users into 42 codes, with the “network” code being the most common (7%). The most frequently coexisting codes were “request for information” and “sharing self-disclosure” (34 times, φ = 0.57, P <.001). The algorithms that provided the best accuracies in classifying disorders by interactions included logistic regression and decision trees (81%). The included studies were of moderate quality.

CONCLUSIONS

People with mental disorders mostly use Internet to seek support, find answers to their questions, and to chat. The results of this analysis should be interpreted as a proof of concept. More data about online interactions between these people might help apply ML methods to develop a tool that might facilitate screening or even support mental health assessment.

CLINICALTRIAL

Our protocol was registered in the Open Science Framework (osf.io/j3azv).
An Outbreak of COVID-19 Among Health Care Workers at a Diabetes Center, Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia, April 2020 (Preprint)
Authors: Alsayafi Abdullah , Al Bisher Fatema Hussain , Al Doraisi Ahmed , Al Saad Ahmed
Published: March 2022

BACKGROUND

On April 2, 2020, the Field Epidemiology Training Program was asked by a diabetes mellitus center, Facility A, in Al-Ahsa to investigate a confirmed case of COVID-19 in a health care worker. Patients with diabetes are at increased risk for serious complications from COVID-19.

OBJECTIVE

This study seeks to identify any additional cases, the source of infection and mode of transmission, and implement mitigation measures to prevent further transmission. At the time of the investigation, few COVID-19 cases had been identified in the region.

METHODS

We reviewed medical charts and other available data on cases in the infection control department, the public health department, and the COVID-19 center. We interviewed cases about their health status and possible sources of infection. We analyzed data using descriptive statistics.

RESULTS

All staff (N=50) at Facility A were tested for COVID-19; 2 (4%) tested positive. The first case was a nurse that reported attending a nursing conference in Riyadh several days prior to symptom onset. She was the first recognized case of COVID-19 in Facility A, so we classified her as the index case. We identified 1 more case that reported using shared cupboard clothes, the same coffee machine, and chatting with the index case in a break room without using personal protective equipment. Both cases reported wearing personal protective equipment during patient care. Both cases survived.

CONCLUSIONS

We found evidence of person-to-person transmission between cases while socializing at work, and no evidence of transmission from health care workers to patients. We identified potentially risky practices in Facility A, although none were related to patient care. We helped Facility A develop additional policies to reduce the risk of COVID-19 transmission among staff, even when not providing direct patient care. Facility A was closed during the investigation and reopened after applying all prevention measures.
Deep Neural Networks provide expert level prediction accuracy in classification of fetal state from Cardiotocography records (Preprint)
Authors: Pacci Zeynep , Uyar Asli
Published: March 2022

BACKGROUND

Cardiotocography (CTG) is a form of electronic fetal monitoring that provides continuous graphic representation of fetal heart rate (FHR) and uterus activity (UA) during pregnancy. CTG is a commonly used method to assess the well-being of the fetuses by clinicians. There are situations in which it is difficult to distinguish between normal and pathological conditions regarding the condition of the fetus.

OBJECTIVE

In this study, we build classification model to determine probability estimates for suspected class CTG records to provide decision support in classifying records according to normal or pathological fetal status.

METHODS

A publicly available CTG dataset was generated by extracting numerical features from electronic signals of 2126 CTG records that were labeled as normal (n=1655, 77.8%), pathological (n=176, 8.3%) or suspect (n=295, 13.9%) by expert physicians. In this study, we applied Deep Neural Networks (DNNs), Support Vector Classifier (SVC), Random Forest, Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) and Light Gradient Boosting (LightGBM) classification algorithms to predict normal and pathological fetal states from CTG records.

RESULTS

: Our results show that DNN outperformed conventional ML classifiers with an AUC value of 0.99.

CONCLUSIONS

Considering the unbalanced class distribution, we further applied decision threshold optimization and used the optimized DNN model to provide reliable probability estimates for the fetal state of suspect class samples.

CLINICALTRIAL
General health states as indicators of digital inequalities and the moderating effects of age and education (Preprint)
Authors: van Deursen Alexander
Published: March 2022

BACKGROUND

Considerable effort has been directed to offering online health information and services aimed at the general population. Such efforts potentially support people obtain improved health outcomes. However, when health information and services are moved online, issues of equality need to be considered. In the current study, we focus on the general population and take as a point of departure how different health states are linked to internet access (spanning attitude, material access, internet skills, and health-related uses).

OBJECTIVE

To reveal to what extent (1) internet access is important for online health-related outcomes, (2) different health states are important for obtaining internet access and outcomes, and (3) age and educational differences moderate the contribution of health states to internet access.

METHODS

A sequence of two online surveys drawing upon a sample collected in the Netherlands was employed, and a dataset with 1,733 respondents over the age of 18 was obtained.

RESULTS

Internet attitude is positively associated with material access, internet skills, and health outcomes and negatively associated with health-related internet use. Material access is positively associated with internet skills and health internet use and outcomes. Internet skills are positively associated with health internet use and outcomes. Physical functioning contributes positively to internet attitude, material access, and internet skills but negatively to internet health use. Social functioning is related to internet attitude, skills, and health use. Social functioning contributes negatively to internet attitude and positively to internet skills and internet health use. Mental health contributes positively to internet attitude and negatively to material access and internet health use. Perceived health positively contributes to material access, internet skills, and internet health use. Physical pain contributes positively to internet attitude and material access and indirectly to internet skills and internet health use. Finally, these contributions are moderated for age (<65 and ≥65) and education (low and high).

CONCLUSIONS

To make online health care attainable for the general population, interventions should focus simultaneously on internet attitudes, material access, skills and internet health use. However, issues of equality need to be considered. In this respect, digital inequality research benefits from considering health as a predictor of all four access stages. Furthermore, studies should go beyond single self-reported measures of health. Physical functioning, social functioning, mental health, perceived health, and physical pain all showed unique contributions to the different internet access stages. Further complicating this issue, online health-related interventions for people with different health states should also consider age and educational level of attainment.
Intonational Encoding of Given and New Information in the Warri Sub-variety of Nigerian Pidgin English
Authors: Fajobi Eunice , Taiwo Omobolanle
Published: March 2022

The concept of given and new information is innate to discourse intonation. The concept expounds on the idea that intonation is used to regulate conversational behaviour of interlocutors by ensuring that a listener pays attention to those important aspects of the message being passed across by a speaker. Thus, the listener’s interpretation of the encoded message is pivoted on the F0 direction whose trajectory may be falling or rising in tune. The rising tune signals given or shared information while the falling tune is reserved for what constitutes a new information between the participants. Dwelling on Brazil’s (1997) and Chun’s (2002) Discourse Intonation (DI) model and using Praat for the acoustic analysis in this study, we extract data from the natural speech of 10 speakers of Warri sub-variety of Nigerian Pidgin English (NPE) to investigate and describe the patterns of intonation used in the variety to convey given and new information in selected “wh-” and “yes/no” interrogatives. Findings reveal a preponderance preference for Brazil’s proclaiming tone for the grammatical categories investigated.
ADVERSE DRUG REACTIONS OF ANTI-EPILEPTIC DRUGS IN PEDIATRIC AGE GROUP IN A TERTIARY CARE TEACHING HOSPITAL; A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY
Authors: DAS MOUSUMI , K SEHGAL VIJAY , SINGH HARJINDER
Published: March 2022

Objectives: In this cross-sectional study, the aims were to analyze the incidence and pattern of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) of antiepileptic drugs in pediatric patient. Most common adverse effect and most common drug causing adverse effect were evaluated.
Methods: Study was conducted over 60 Patients for 6 months in out-patient basis pediatric department in Rajindra Hospital associated with GMC, Patiala, a tertiary care teaching hospital in Punjab. The patient diagnosed by the Pediatrician with epilepsy who fulfilling inclusion and exclusion criteria was enrolled after taking informed consent. ADRs were noted using Pediatric Epilepsy Side Effect Questionnaire at clinic visit and any other adverse effects reported by patients.
Results: In this study, a total of 60 children were enrolled. The mean age was 10.26±3.70, median were 11.00. 41 (68.33%) patients were boys and 19 (31.67%) were girls. In Cognitive ADRs with anti-epileptic drugs, there were total 17 ADRs reported. Valproate was causing most cognitive ADRs (32.43%). Among all cognitive ADRs, attention difficulty was the commonest complains. There were no motor and behavioral ADRs reported. Total 27 general neurological ADRs reported, which was highest reported ADRs. Among general neurological, Clobazam was causing highest ADRs (55.56%). 10 patients also reported tremor as another ADR and Clobazam causing most (22.22%).
Conclusion: In the present study, boys were developing more epilepsy than girls. Valproate was causing most ADRs. Among all cognitive ADRs, attention difficulty was the most common ADR. General neurological ADRs were highest reported ADRs.
A CORRELATION STUDY BETWEEN TRANSCUTANEOUS BILIRUBIN AND TOTAL SERUM BILIRUBIN LEVELS AMONG NEONATES
Authors: SHARMA ABHISHEK KUMAR , DHAWAN KAPIL , MAKKAR MEENAL , SHARMA RUCHIRA
Published: March 2022

Objective: The availability of modern bilirubin meters that measure bilirubin concentration in dermal and subcutaneous tissues has made it possible to obtain serial, non-invasive (i.e., painless) TcB (transcutaneous bilirubin) measurements. However, concerns have been raised regarding the appropriateness of comparing these TcB values to serum bilirubin values. This study aims to find a correlation between transcutaneous bilirubin and total serum bilirubin.
Methods: Prospective analytic study carried out in NICU of Govt. RDBP Jaipuria Hospital. Newborn babies up to the 10th postnatal day of life with visually found jaundice had been enrolled in the study. TcB was measured over mid-sternum with Dräger JM 105™ device. Simultaneous total serum bilirubin (TSB) measurements had been done. Pearson’s correlation coefficient and Bland–Altman analysis had been done. ROC curves of mean TcB at different TSB level had been constructed.
Results: In the study, 120 babies had been included. A significant correlation was founded between TcB and TSB measured values. Pearson’s correlation coefficient was 0.892 (p<0.001). The average error in evaluating hyperbilirubinemia with TcB compared to TSB was 0.101, with limits of agreement between −3.73 and +3.55. The AUOC at three TSB levels (>10 mg/dl, >12 mg/dl, and >15 mg/dl) was 0.860, 0.892, and 0.849.
Conclusion: In our study, TcB measurements correlated well with TSB measurements and validated its use as a screening tool for the evaluation of jaundice in newborns.
REASSESSING THE ROLE OF HOMOCYSTEINE AND HOLOTRANSCOBALAMIN LEVELS IN DIAGNOSING VITAMIN B12 DEFICIENCY ANEMIA
Authors: TRIPATHI SHWETA , CHOUREY NIRAJ , RN HIREMATH , MODI  , DK SINHA
Published: March 2022

Background: Vitamin B12 deficiency can lead to irreversible neurological damage, megaloblastic anemia, osteoporosis, cerebrovascular, and cardiovascular diseases, and thus, early diagnosis is essential.
Objective: The objective of the study was to assess homocysteine (Hcy) and holotranscobalamine (HoloTC) levels among patients with Vitamin B12 deficiency and to see if Hcy and HoloTC level assay can help us in diagnosis of Vitamin B12 deficiency.
Methods: We carried out a cross-sectional observational study on 60 patients of Sr. B12 deficient male and female patients between the ages of 18 and 65 years in IPD and OPD patients at multispecialty hospital. Data were collected from predefined pro forma and were asked about their diet, socioeconomic status, and history. Then, these patients further undergone anthropometric measurements and investigated for Hcy and HoloTC level. The statistical analysis was done using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SSPS) software (version 11).
Results: About 60% of cases were vegetarian and 40% of cases were non-vegetarian. Mean age of study participants was 43.67 years, mean of mean cellular volume was 90.7 fl, mean of B12 was 138 pmol/L, mean of HoloTC was 60.84 pmol/L, and mean of Hcy was 34.17 umol/L. Out of 60 patients, 10 patients had anemia, 21 patients had neurological manifestation, and 29 patients had gastrointestinal (GI) manifestation. In male group, out of 32, 11 patients had HoloTC <8.9, 19 patients had value between 8.9 and 128, and two patients had HoloTC more than 128. In female group, out of 28, seven patients had HoloTC <8.9, 14 patients had value between 8.9 and 128, and seven patients had HoloTC >128. In group of 32 male patients, none of male patients showed Hcy value <5.9, four patients showed Hcy between 5.9 and 16, and 28 patients showed Hcy value >16. Out of 28 female patients, none of female patients showed Hcy <3.36, nine patients showed Hcy between 3.36 and 20.4, and 19 patients showed Hcy >20.4. p <0.001 is highly statistically significant.
Conclusion: In our study, we found that 31.33% of cases also showed decreased HoloTC along with B12 deficiency, but this correlation was statistically insignificant. We also found that 78.33% of cases showed increased Hcy along with serum B12 deficiency, which was statistically significant, so we concluded that there is a strong association between serum B12 and Hcy. We found that all patients with elevated Hcy also had low HoloTC except in two cases, but this correlation was not found to be statistically significant.
PHARMACOECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF VARIOUS BRANDS OF COMMONLY PRESCRIBED ORAL ANTIHYPERTENSIVE MEDICINES IN INDIAN MARKET
Authors: JHANWAR ANSHUL
Published: March 2022

Objectives: The objective of the study was to analyze the percentage cost variations among various brands of the commonly prescribed antihypertensive medicines in India. Methods: Cost of a particular medicine (cost per 10 tablets) in the same strength and dosage forms being produced by various pharmaceutical companies was taken from Current Index of Medical specialties and Drug Today. Difference between the highest and lowest cost of the same drug manufactured by various pharmaceutical industries was obtained and percentage cost variation was calculated. Results: The percentage variation in the price was above 100% with almost all of the commonly prescribed antihypertensive medicines. The cost of a total of 23 drugs (14 single and nine combination preparations), available in forty nine different formulations were studied. Overall, Amlodipine (5 mg) shows highest price difference of 982.3%, while Nifedipine (5 mg) shows lowest price difference of 39%. Telmisartan + Hydrochlorthiazide (80+12.5 mg) combinations shows highest price variation of 318.9%, while Amlodipine + Losartan (5+50 mg) shows lowest price difference of 50%. Conclusion: The average percentage price difference of the same antihypertensive medicine manufactured by various pharmaceuticals company in India is very huge. Hence, Government, Pharmaceutical companies, prescribing health care workers should educate themselves about huge variation in price of brand drugs in comparison with their cheap generic counterpart to provide maximum benefits with minimum financial burden to the patients receiving antihypertensive drugs.