bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Perception of scientific research in Dentistry
Authors: Pérez Villalba Luis Darío , Freire Villena Diana Carolina , Pardo Noboa Samantha Lisbeth
Published: July 2024

Scientific research is the fundamental basis for the complete education of dental students from the beginning of their studies since it provides them with the necessary tools to deal with real situations. Objectives: To determine the level of knowledge about scientific research in dental students of the Universidad Regional Autónoma de Los Andes. Methodology and methods: A comparative, descriptive and cross-sectional study was used, applied to students enrolled from first to tenth semester of the dental career of the Universidad Regional Autónoma de Los Andes in the academic period May 2023 - September 2023. Application of descriptive statistics. Results: The results obtained in the survey of 840 students, show that there is an average knowledge of scientific writing with 44.05% and 3.1% say they have no knowledge of it, being this a weakness as students to conduct research work that can help to progress academically, thus gaining experience and benefiting favorably to their resume that later will open more doors as a professional or student. Conclusions: Based on the results, deficient knowledge about the relationship between scientific research and dentistry was identified. This situation leads us to implement a plan for the development of efficient strategies to improve scientific activity, which will undoubtedly increase the level of research of the graduate student and give him/her the opportunity to practice evidence-based dentistry in an adequate manner.
Deformed wings in the bumblebee Bombus terrestris (Linnaeus, 1758) in Luxembourg
Authors: Cantú-Salazar Lisette ,   Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Observatory for Climate, Environment & Biodiversity, Lippert Stephanie ,   Fondation faune-flore
Published: July 2024

Deformed wing virus (DWV), a persistent pathogen in European honeybees contributing to colony losses, also affects wild bees, including bumblebees, and a wide range of other insects. Bumblebees play a crucial role in crop production in temperate and cold ecosystems. A case of wild buff-tailed bumblebee workers Bombus terrestris (Linnaeus, 1758) showing visible clinical symptoms associated with overt, acute DWV infection is documented in Luxembourg, the first report for this bumblebee species widely distributed in the country. Further investigation is needed in Luxembourg to understand the impact of infectious diseases on wild pollinators and the role of managed pollinators in pathogen spillover.
A Union of Equality?
Authors: Batura Justine
Published: July 2024

Last Thursday, Ursula von der Leyen, the new – and former – President of the EU Commission presented the ‘Political Guidelines for the next European Commission 2024-2029’, her ideas and priorities for the coming mandate. This blogpost will examine whether the Guidelines are living up to the scale of the gender-related concerns and challenges that are facing the Union, as Ursula von der Leyen promises. It identifies a shift in tone in the Commission’s pledges to promoting gender equality and outlines some proposals that the German Women Lawyers Association (djb) has advanced in order to help tackle these challenges.
The chemistry of heterocycles in the 21st century
Authors: Charushin V. N. , Verbitskiy E. V. , Chupakhin O. N. , Vorobyeva D. V. , Gribanov P. S. , Osipov S. N. , Ivanov A. V. , Martynovskaya S. V. , Sagitova E. F. , Dyachenko V. D. , Dyachenko I. V. , Krivokolylsko S. G. , Dotsenko V. V. , Aksenov A. V. , Aksenov D. A. , Aksenov N. A. , Larin A. A. , Fershtat L. L. , Muzalevskiy V. M. , Nenajdenko V. G. , Gulevskaya A. V. , Pozharskii A. F. , Filatova E. A. , Belyaeva K. V. , Trofimov B. A. , Balova I. A. , Danilkina N. A. , Govdi A. I. , Tikhomirov A. S. , Shchekotikhin A. E. , Novikov M. S. , Rostovskii N. V. , Khlebnikov A. F. , Klimochkin Yu. N. , Leonova M. V. , Tkachenko I. M. , Mamedov V. A O. , Mamedova V. L. , Zhukova N. A. , Semenov V. E. , Sinyashin O. G. , Borshchev O. V. , Luponosov Yu. N. , Ponomarenko S. A. , Fisyuk A. S. , Kostyuchenko A. S. , Ilkin V. G. , Beryozkina T. V. , Bakulev V. A. , Gazizov A. S. , Zagidullin A. A. , Karasik A. A. , Kukushkin M. E. , Beloglazkina E. K. , Golantsov N. E. , Festa A. A. , Voskresenskii L. G. , Moshkin V. S. , Buev E. M. , Sosnovskikh V. Ya. , Mironova I. A. , Postnikov P. S. , Zhdankin V. V. , Yusubov M. S O. , Yaremenko I. A. , Vil' V. A. , Krylov I. B. , Terent'ev A. O. , Gorbunova Yu. G. , Martynov A. G. , Tsivadze A. Yu. , Stuzhin P. A. , Ivanova S. S. , Koifman O. I. , Burov O. N. , Kletskii M. E. , Kurbatov S. V. , Yarovaya O. I. , Volcho K. P. , Salakhutdinov N. F. , Panova M. A. , Burgart Ya. V. , Saloutin V. I. , Sitdikova A. R. , Shchegravina E. S. , Fedorov A. Yu.
Published: July 2024

The chemistry of heterocyclic compounds has traditionally been and remains a bright area of chemical science in Russia. This is due to the fact that many heterocycles find the widest application. These compounds are the key structural fragments of most drugs, plant protection agents. Many natural compounds are also derivatives of heterocycles. At present, more than half of the hundreds of millions of known chemical compounds are heterocycles. This collective review is devoted to the achievements of Russian chemists in this field over the last 15–20 years. The review presents the achievements of leading heterocyclists representing both RAS institutes and university science. It is worth noting the wide scope of the review, both in terms of the geography of author teams, covering the whole of our large country, and in terms of the diversity of research areas. Practically all major types of heterocycles are represented in the review. The special attention is focused on the practical applications of heterocycles in the design of new drugs and biologically active compounds, high-energy molecules, materials for organic electronics and photovoltaics, new ligands for coordination chemistry, and many other rapidly developing areas. These practical advances would not be possible without the development of new fundamental transformations in heterocyclic chemistry.
 Bibliography — 2237 references.
The Role Of Values In Managing Marital Life And Its Disputes
Authors: Hussein Ahmed Diaa El-Din ,   Yarmouk University College of Sharia Department of Islamic Studies, Musa Sawsan Arafat , Al-Shaboul Asmaa Khalifa ,   Yarmouk University College of Sharia Department of Islamic Studies,   Yarmouk University College of Sharia Department of Islamic Studies
Published: July 2024

The study aimed to explain the role of values in managing marital life and its disputes, by explaining their preventive and curative role in marital life. With examples of some values that embody these two roles in marital life. To achieve the objectives of the study, the researchers followed the descriptive and analytical approach. The study concluded that the values controlling the marital relationship cannot be deviated from the legal standard that justifies it. The role of values in marital life is also characterized by a comprehensive framework. It has a preventive and a therapeutic axis. In addition to the many types of values required in marital life and in managing the differences that mar marriage. Islam also urges spouses, through legal texts, to comply with every value that will ensure the balance of the marital relationship and maintain its stability. Such as affection, cooperation, justice, equality, understanding, and others. In addition to Islam's keenness on the sustainability of marriage by confronting the challenges it faces, it presents value standards as one of the most important remedial procedural steps in resolving marital disputes or dissolving the marital contract with the least negative consequences. Accordingly, the texts containing the provisions on divorce point out many of the values that should be resorted to in reforming the marital relationship. Such as the desire to fear God, the desire for reform, justice, and other values. In light of the results, the researchers recommend conducting rehabilitation courses for those about to marry, providing them with marital life management skills, and directing them to the necessity of values in protecting marriage from all its under-miners. Conducting more specialized studies on the values of marital life in light of different fields; Social, economic, administrative, and religious and others. Stimulating efforts to conduct field studies that measure the repercussions of values in marital life and their greatest impact on the stability of the marital institution. From the couple's point of view.
Model For Small Enterprises Innovation Strategies Adaptation On Climate Change: Learn From Traditional Textile Sumba
Authors: Killa Maklon Felipus ,   Management, Universitas Kristen Wira Wacana Sumba, Waingapu, Tawa Arianti Tini ,   Management, Universitas Kristen Wira Wacana Sumba, Waingapu
Published: July 2024

All business organizations face various risks that might arise from changes in the external macro and micro environment. One of the significant changes in the external macro-environment is climate change. Climate change and its derivative impacts on business activities need to be managed properly by adapting innovations in the production process. Various studies on the impact of climate change on business activities are more focused on conventional measures to gauge business risks which are more responsive and focused on large companies. There are still few studies conducted on small and traditional businesses related to strategic actions in dealing with climate change, especially non-agricultural businesses. Therefore, this research aims to provide an overview of the adaptation strategy of production process innovation in the small-scale weaving industry in Sumba Island, Indonesia. The research conducted in-depth qualitative interviews with traditional textile producers in East Sumba. The main criterion in determining the respondents is the length of the business run by the traditional weaver. The study found that while most traditional weavers of Sumba textile rely on status quo technology, some strategies emerged to adapt to climate uncertainty in weaving production. The authors also identify three benchmarks of climate adaptation measures by the traditional weavers.
Customer Satisfaction Towards Mobile Financial Services (MFS): A Systematic Case Study Of Bkash In Bangladesh Perspective
Authors: Sharif Maskat ,   Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering, CUET, Chattogram, Al Jabed Abdullah , Elias Mohammad , Daniel Cosme Pecho Renzon , Ahmed Khan Nayeem Uddin , Era Akba Ull Hasna ,   Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, USTC, Chattogram,   Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The International University of Scholars, Dhaka,   Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The International University of Scholars, Dhaka,   Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Chittagong, Chattogram,   Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Chittagong, Chattogram,   Department of Philosophy, University of Chittagong, Chattogram
Published: July 2024

This study draws upon experience at bKash Limited as part of the organizational improvements, focusing on practical insights gained from the company. We chose to center the study on evaluating the Customer Satisfaction Level of bKash’s Merchant Payment Facility within the broader context of “Customer Satisfaction towards Mobile Financial Services (MFS): A Study on bKash.” The objective is to explain the operations of the Merchant Payment system, assess user satisfaction, and propose enhancements for improved performance. The paper highlights recommendations such as upgrading the server, enhancing communication about payment security, and reducing service charges. The prime goal of this study is to gather specific data on bKash based on the Bangladeshi perspective. While users generally express satisfaction with bKash’s merchant payment service, addressing specific customer concerns identified in the survey will contribute to achieving a higher level of customer satisfaction.
Cost-sharing Drug Scheme (CSDS): an experience from Chyangthapu Health Post
Authors: Karkee Shiba B. , Tamang A.L. , Gurung Y.B. , Dahal S. , Saunders Philippa
Published: July 2024

This paper describes a community-organised Cost-Sharing Drug Scheme (CSDS) in a remote Health Post (HP) of eastern Nepal. The inadequate annual supply of drugs from the government was supplemented by an additional supply from Britain Nepal Medical Trust (BNMTa) in 80% of the cost price. The prescribed drugs were dispensed at 40% of the cost price. The local Village Development Committees (VDCs) also made financial contribution. Thus, the government supply, BNMT subsidy, the local VDC contribution and the patient fee helped to generate a revolving fund which was managed by the Local Health Support Committee (LHSC). The District Health Office (DHO) carried out the supervision/monitoring and BNMT staff facilitated the process of Drug Scheme Programme (DSP) implementation. The result showed that single item fee improves the quality of care and the local community can be involved in drug schemes management.
An assessment of financial and social cost of alcohol use
Authors: Koirala Naba Raj , Sinha Uday K. , Sharma Vidya Dev , Khalid Abdul , Nepal Mahendra K. , Bhusal Choplal , Pokharel Anupam , Sharma Subhash C.
Published: July 2024

Alcohol has been treated as a normal commodity in the modern societies. Alcohol consumption has risen in developing countries, where it takes a heavy toll. Various problems directly or indirectly related with excessive alcohol use are increasingly identified. Economic impact of alcohol is thus an important issue and the present work aims to study the direct cost of alcohol as well as various adverse consequences due to its use in the patients attending the facility. This prospective-descriptive study included 40 patients admitted in the Psychiatry Ward, TUTH due to alcohol-related problems over a period of six months. Thirty-nine (97.5%) were males, thirty-five (87.5%) were married, and 24 (60%) were farmers. The mean age of the patients was 37.7�10.3 years, and the mean duration of alcohol abuse was 14.65�9.51 years. The direct cost of alcohol was calculated as Rs. 57056 per year per person and an estimated Rs. five billion being spent by the Nepali nationals in alcohol over a period of one year. Alcohol use was found to be associated with marital, social, financial, occupational and legal problems. Adverse effects as well as consequence of alcohol is thus found to take heavy toll in the society.
Problems faced in the surgical management of rheumatic heart disease in Nepal
Authors: Singh Shrestha BM , Joshi PR , Dali B. , Timila R , Shrestha UK , Marahatta MN , Koirala B. , Sharma GP , Bhatta M.
Published: July 2024

Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) is a very common cardiac disease in Nepal. The public awareness among Nepalese population is negligible, therefore it is seen in very early age and in severe form. The majority of the patients are of low socio-economical condition, who cannot afford expensive valve replacement surgery. All these facts create a daunting problem in the surgical management of the disease for the newly established open heart surgery unit.
The first regular open heart surgery in Nepal was started on 20 February 1997 in Tribhuvan University teaching Hospital (TUTH), Kathmandu. Closed heart surgery was the only procedure available for isolated mitral stenosis in the past. Since 1997 in three years, a total of 285 cases of RHD were referred for surgery. Male to female ratio was 1.1:1.0. The youngest patient was 3 years and oldest 58 years with a mean age of 30 years. There were 32 patients (11%) under the age of 16 years. The isolated mitral valve disease was found in 195 cases (68%), aortic valve disease in 28 cases (10%) and double valve disease in 62 cases (22%). In the mitral valve disease, severe subvalvular fusion and calcification were found in 101 (52%) and 76 patients (39%) respectively, whereas closed mitral commissurotomy (CMC) was possible in only 69 patients (35%).
In 3 years, 104 cases of valve surgeries were performed at TUTH. CMC was perfomed in 55 cases whereas open heart surgery in 49 cases of RHD patients. Here we present our difficulties in beginning regular open heart surgery in Nepal and the problems faced by our patients.
Zinc deficiency in pregnant female albino rats may adversely affect birth weight of litters
Authors: Garg Hemant Kumar , Singhal Kishan Chandra , Arshad Zakia
Published: July 2024

Zinc deficiency during pregnancy may cause intra-uterine growth retardation in rats.
The present study was carried out in albino rats to substantiate the reports on zinc deficiency - effects. Female albino rats were divided into two groups of pregnant and non-pregnant rats. Pregnant rats were further divided into zinc treated (n=10) and control (n=10) groups. Blood samples were withdrawn on the day of conception and on the day of delivery from pregnant rats and on day 21 from non-pregnant rats.
Serum zinc levels were estimated by G.B.C. 902 double beam atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Data was analysed by Student's 't' test.
Following zinc therapy, serum zinc levels increased significantly (p<0.001). The mean birthweight of litters in zinc- treated dams was significantly higher than that in zinc-untreated control dams (p<0.001).
Zinc deficiency was responsible for a low birthweight in albino rats, and zinc supplementation improved birthweight in newborns.
Learning to Live with COVID-19 in Nepal: A Unique Experience
Authors: Singh Yogendra P
Published: July 2024

N/A
Relationship Between Ossicular Chain Erosion and Facial Canal Dehiscence in Chronic Otitis Media Squamous
Authors: Kharel Bijaya , Shreepaili Ashok , Tripathi Prashant , Neupane Yogesh , Gurung Urmila , Pradhananga Rabindra B , Rayamajhi Pabina , Bhattarai Hari
Published: July 2024

Introduction: Chronic otitis media squamous is a gradually expanding destructive lesion and leads to complications by eroding the adjacent structures. Facial canal and ossicles are in close proximity in the middle ear space and they share the same pathogenesis of the bony erosion. Ossicular chain erosion found intraoperatively due to cholesteatoma, may suggest the likelihood of facial canal dehiscence. This study was conducted to assess the relationship between ossicular chain erosion and facial canal dehiscence in chronic otitis media squamous.
Methods: It is a retrospective chart review of patients who had mastoidectomy done for chronic otitis media squamous in Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital from January 2014 to December 2018. The operative findings of facial canal dehiscence were correlated with ossicular chain status.
Results: Among 158 cases, facial canal dehiscence was seen in 20 (12.7%), of which, 19/20 (95%) had ossicular erosion. Majority (90%) of dehiscence was in the horizontal segment. Incus was the most common ossicle to be eroded. Among the ossicles, stapes erosion was related to the facial canal dehiscence with odds ratio of 3.216 (1.235-8.374) and p-value 0.03.
Conclusion: Among the ossicles, there is a relationship between the stapes erosion and the facial canal dehiscence in chronic otitis squamous. Erosion of ossicular chain especially stapes should alert surgeons towards the possibility of facial canal dehiscence.
Comparison of EuroSCORE II with EuroSCORE in Cardiac Surgical Patients in a Tertiary Level Teaching Hospital in Nepal
Authors: Pradhan Bishwas , Bastola Priska , Basnet Madindra  B , Shrestha Bibhush , Sigdel Shailendra , Gurung Arjun
Published: July 2024

Introduction: European System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation (EuroSCORE) is the standard tool for risk stratification of patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Its relevance has been validated in European, Asian countries and also in Nepal. Its limitations led to development of EuroSCORE II. This study was carried out to compare EuroSCORE II with EuroSCORE in Nepalese cardiac surgical patients.
Methods: A retrospective analytical cohort study of 3 years duration in 972 adult cardiac surgeries was conducted. Scores obtained from EuroSCORE (Logistic and Additive) and EuroSCORE II was compared with the observed mortality. Calibration was calculated by Hosmer- Lemeshow (H-L) test (Chi Square test) and discrimination by calculating the area under the curve (AUC) of receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve.
Results: Observed mortality was 4.11%. EuroSCORE additive, logistic and EuroSCORE II predicted mortality were 4.32%, 4.55% and 2.13% respectively. H-L chi square calculation for EuroSCORE additive model could not hold as all observed and expected frequencies match exactly. Hence it can be considered as a good fit. EuroSCORE logistic model (H-L, Chi-square 7.743, p<0.001) and EuroSCORE II (H-L, Chi-square 11.631, p = 0.168) also showed good fit i.e. both can predict mortality satisfactorily. AUC of ROC curve of EuroSCORE additive, logistic and EuroSCORE II were 0.632, 0.636 and 0.616 respectively, which showed fair discrimination power.
Conclusion: Mortality prediction of adult cardiac surgical patients by EuroSCORE (additive and logistic) and EuroSCORE II was satisfactory.
Early Outcome of Surgery in Pediatric Head Injury: Experience From a Tertiary Care Center in Eastern Nepal
Authors: Khanal Babita , Kafle Prakash , Singh Sandip K , Yadav Sunil K , Neupane Bishomber , Shakya Ipsa , Yadav Dipak K
Published: July 2024

Introduction: Head injuries among the pediatric age group remain an unwelcomed source of morbidity and mortality resulting from falls, motor vehicle accidents, assaults, and child abuse. Early identification and management of traumatic brain injury (TBI) are crucial in halting the progress of the primary insult and preventing or reducing secondary brain injury. The present study aims to investigate the major cause of pediatric TBI and analyze the early outcome and serve as a reference study from a tertiary care center in eastern Nepal.
Methods: This is a prospective cohort study conducted in the Department of Pediatric Medicine and Neurosurgery from February 2018 to January 2020. All the pediatric head injury cases that were managed surgically in the center were included in the study. Presenting Glasgow coma scale (GCS) was correlated with the Glasgow outcome scale (GOS).
Results: The study population comprised of 65 patients fulfilling the study inclusion criteria. The mean age of the study population was 10.86±4.72 years, fall was the commonest mode of injury (52.3%), 50.8% had mild TBI, 43.1% had moderate TBI and 6.2% had severe TBI. Depressed skull fracture with underlying extradural hematoma (EDH) or contusion was the commonest pathological diagnosis seen in 30.8 % (20) cases. The mean duration of hospital stay was 2.6 days. The presenting GCS correlated well with the outcome.
Conclusion: This study concluded that the timely management of pediatric TBI can prevent grave prognosis and the patients presenting GCS and the pupillary reaction has strong correlation with the outcome.
Profile and Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of Bacterial Isolates from Mobile Phones of Healthcare Workers in a Tertiary Care Centre of Nepal
Authors: Sapkota Jyotshna , Jha Beena , Mishra Bhavesh , Shrestha Deepti , Barakoti Achut , Sharma Manisha
Published: July 2024

Introduction: Nosocomial infection is a serious problem worldwide. Healthcare workers mobile phones may act as vehicle for nosocomial infections. Mobile phones are rarely cleaned and healthcare workers frequently use them thorough out their time in hospitals. The objective of this study is to determine the rate of contamination of mobile phones, prevalent microorganisms and their antibiotic sensitivity pattern.
Methods: The descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in Clinical Microbiology laboratory from July 2019 to September 2019 after ethical approval. Samples were collected aseptically by rolling sterile swabs over the exposed surfaces of the mobile phones and inoculated on the agar plates and incubated aerobically. After incubation, plates were examined for growth. Bacteria were identified by standard microbiological procedure and antibiotic sensitivity test of isolated pathogens was done using Muller Hinton Agar by Kirby-Bauer method. Statistical analysis was done by Excel 2018.
Results: Of the 198 mobile phones sample cultures, 112 (56.6%) samples showed 7 different types of bacteria. Mixed growth was observed in 3 mobile phones and total of 115 bacterial isolates were identified. Staphylococcus species (74.7%) were predominant organism followed by Acinetobacter spp, Klebsiella pneumoniae, E. coli, Citrobacter and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Total 37.5% of Staphylococcus aureus were methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).
Conclusion: Mobile phones may have potential pathogenic microorganisms on their surface and can act as vector in spread of infectious agents in hospital settings. It is recommended to disinfect mobile phones regularly and to implement hand washing practices and regulations around the use of mobile phones in hospital settings.
Clinical Profile of Patients Undergoing Temporary Transvenous Pacing in a Tertiary Cardiac Care Centre in Nepal
Authors: Sharma Manju , Jha Sunil C , Sayami Arun , Gajurel Ratna M , Poudel Chandra M , Khanal Rajaram , Pathak Surya R , Thapa Shovit , Adhikari Suman , Yadav Vijay
Published: July 2024

Introduction: Temporary transvenous pacemaker insertion is an emergency lifesaving procedure for patients with hemodynamically unstable and life-threatening bradyarrythmias. The aim of this study was to analyze demographics, indications, route of insertion and complications in patients undergoing temporary transvenous pacemaker implantation.
Methods: This was a retrospective observational study conducted at a tertiary-care center in Nepal. The hospital records of patients who had undergone temporary transvenous pacemaker implantation between July 2015 and June 2019 were reviewed.
Results: A total of 343 patients with mean age of 65.52±16.09 years received temporary transvenous pacing. Out of these 205 (59.8%) were males. Greater proportion of patients were between the age group of 70-80 years (n=76, 22.2%). Hypertension (n=97, 28.3%) was the most common comorbidity noted. The most common indication for temporary pacing was symptomatic complete heart block 165 (59.6%). Total of 288 (84%) patients received permanent pacemakers while 55(16%) had reversible cause so TPI was removed. Right Femoral vein was the most common (99%) venous access site. Among the 343 patients, complications were observed in 29 (8.4%) of cases during and after the temporary transvenous pacemaker insertion. The overall mortality stood low at 2% (n=7).
Conclusion: Temporary transvenous pacemaker insertion is required in elderly population presenting with bradyarrythmias and occasionally in acute myocardial infarction presenting with bradyarrythmias as complication. Temporary pacemaker insertion was overall a safe procedure with infrequent serious complications; however, strategies to avoid and alleviate such complications (RV perforation) should be sought and implemented.
Outcome of Acute Burn Injuries in a Tertiary Care Centre of Kathmandu Nepal
Authors: Devkota Manish , Sharma Samit , Rayamajhi Sangam , Shrestha Jayan M , Lohani Ishwar
Published: July 2024

Introduction: Burn injuries are associated with higher morbidity and mortality especially in middle and low-income countries. The objective of the study is to assess the outcome of acute burn injuries in a tertiary care center of Kathmandu, Nepal.
Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study of the clinical data of acute burn patients admitted from January 2016-December 2018.
Results: Out of 124 patients with burn injuries, there were more females (n=65, 52.4 %) than males (n=59, 47.6%). Flame burn was the most common mode of injury (n=71,57.3 %) followed by scald (n=22,17.7 %). Thirty-eight (30.6%) patients arrived to hospital on the same day of injury. The average time required to reach our hospital was 24 hours. The most frequently involved site was lower extremities (n=40, 32.26%) followed by upper extremities (n=33, 26.62%). Total body surface area (TBSA) involved in the burn injury ranges from 10% to 50% with a median of 15%. Hospital stay was 14 to 58 days with a median of 17 days. Partial thickness burn was seen in 114 (91.94%) patients whereas 10 (8.06%) patients had full thickness burn. Surgical intervention was needed in 71 (57.26%) patients. Among 71 patients, 12 patients underwent surgery twice. Fifty-two (41.94%) patients were managed conservatively. The mortality rate was 4.03%.
Conclusion: Adult female population is at high risk for burn injuries mostly due to flame burn. Delay in reaching care has also contributed for poor outcome of burn injuries. Majority of burn injury patients needed surgical intervention and hence improvement in surgical aspects can lead to better outcome of burn injuries.
Multidisciplinary Management of Hepatolithiasis at a Tertiary Care Center in Nepal
Authors: Maharjan Narendra , Lakhey Paleswan Joshi , Ghimire Bikal , Kansakar Prasan BS , Bhandari Ramesh S
Published: July 2024

Introduction: Hepatolithiasis is more prevalent in Far-East than in Middle-East countries. There are various treatment modalities available for hepatolithiasis like surgical and non-surgical procedures. Non-surgical procedures have higher recurrence rate.
Methods: This is a descriptive retrospective study of the clinical data of hepatolithiasis patients treated at Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital (TUTH), Maharajgunj from April 2016 to October 2019.
Results: There were 14 patients and mean age was 45.8±14.8 years. It was more common in female (F: M = 4:3). Left sided hepatolithiasis was the most common type (50%). One (7.1%) patient had bilateral hepatolithiasis associated with unresectable cholangiocarcinoma. Eight (57.1%) patients were treated with surgical procedures; four (28.6%) patients underwent interventional radiological procedures and remaining two (14.3%) patients had combined surgical and intervetional radiological procedures. Complete stone clearance was achieved in 11 patients (78.57%). In surgical therapy group, seven out of eight (87.5%) patients achieved the complete stone clearance; two out of four (50%) patients in interventional radiology group and all patients in combined therapy group achieved the clearance. There was no recurrence among those patients who had complete stone clearance and there was no mortality.
Conclusion: The management of hepatolithiasis should involve multi-modality (surgical and non-surgical) therapeutic techniques available, in order to achieve complete stone clearance and prevent the complications.
Incidence of Contrast Induced Acute Kidney Injury, Its Risk Factors and In-Hospital Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Coronary Angiography and Angioplasty
Authors: Upadhaya Prashun , Thapa Pradeep , Gajurel Ratna M , Sigdel Mahesh R
Published: July 2024

Introduction: Contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) is a serious complication of angiographic procedures with significant morbidity and mortality. We aimed to find the incidence, risk factors and outcomes of CI-AKI in patients who have undergone coronary angiography/angioplasty in a referral hospital in Nepal.
Methods: It was a descriptive observational study of consenting consecutive patients above 18 years undergoing coronary angiography/angioplasty at Manmohan Cardiothoracic Vascular and Transplant Centre, Nepal from July 2015 to September 2017. CI AKI was defined as an elevation of serum creatinine of >25% or ≥0.5 mg/dl (44 μmol/L) from baseline within 48 hour of exposure to contrast. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 18 software. Statistical analysis was completed using Student’s t-test, chi-square test and multivariable logistic regression analysis.
Results: Out of 240 patients, 156 (65%) were male, mean age was 60.36±11.29 years. Eighteen patients (7.5%) developed CI-AKI. Incidence of CI-AKI was 20% in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), 5.4% in diabetics, 13.6% in patients >70 years, 12.79 % in patients with anaemia and 12.3% in patients with prior contrast exposure. Multivariate logistic regression analysis found smoking and history of prior contrast exposure to be independent predictors for development of CI-AKI. Among patients with CI-AKI, one (5.88%) required dialysis and one (5.88%) died.
Conclusion: Incidence of CI-AKI after coronary angiography/angioplasty was 7.5%. Patients with prior contrast exposure and smoking were at significantly increased risk of CI-AKI; higher trend of CI-AKI was seen in patients with CKD, diabetes, elderly and anaemia.
Correlation of Hypoechoic Lesions in Trans-rectal Ultrasound of Prostate with Histopathology in Prostate Cancer
Authors: Chataut Dinesh , Basnet Babin , Lohani Benu , Suwal Sundar , Paudel Sharma , Kayastha Prakash
Published: July 2024

Introduction: Prostate cancer is one of the most common cancer in elderly male. Suspicion of prostate cancer is based on increased Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) level and abnormal digital rectal examination (DRE) findings. Transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS) can detect and localize hypoechoic lesions in prostate which are considered as suspicious for malignancy. TRUS can also guide for prostate biopsy, which is the gold standard for diagnosis of prostate cancer. The study was aimed to find out TRUS findings in suspected prostate cancer patients and correlate these findings with histopathological findings.
Methods: Prospective study was done in 66 males of age >40 years, sent for prostate biopsy in suspicion for prostate cancer (PSA >4 ng/ml, and/or abnormal DRE findings). Prostate was evaluated with TRUS and subsequently underwent TRUS guided six core biopsy of prostate. Total 396 cores of biopsy were taken. Histopathology reports were collected and correlated with the TRUS findings.
Results: Twenty-three patients were positive for prostate cancer and 14 of them showed hypoechoic lesions in TRUS. Total 81 suspicious hypoechoic lesions were seen in prostate of all the patients and among them 42 lesions matched with histopathology report for cancer. Cancerous focus detection rate of TRUS was 51.85%.
Conclusion: TRUS is a supplementary tool in diagnosis of prostate cancer, however when used alone it has less sensitivity for detection of prostate cancer.
Leigh Syndrome in an Adolescent Girl: A Case Report
Authors: Shrestha Merina , Bajracharya Luna , Basnet Sudha
Published: July 2024

Leigh syndrome (LS) is a disorder of infancy and rarely late childhood. It presents with regression of mental and motor skills. Here, we present LS in an adolescent girl who presented with generalized dystonia and cognitive decline. Her infective, metabolic, endocrinal and autoimmune work up was normal. The neuroimaging showed progressive symmetric involvement of basal ganglia with focal intensity over bilateral lentiform nucleus and thalamic region. The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) lactate level was elevated. Genetic test could not be performed; however the history of neuro-regression with extrapyramidal involvement with CSF and neuroimaging finding led to the diagnosis of Leigh’s syndrome.
Giant Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia Wrapping Almost the Whole Cornea: A Case Report
Authors: Shrestha Poonam , Pandey Mukesh
Published: July 2024

Ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) includes the dysplastic lesions involving the epithelium of conjunctiva and cornea with various clinical pictures. Histopathological examination of the excised tissue is the benchmark for diagnosis. Surgery, chemotherapy, immunotherapy are the various treatment modalities which in combination shows promising result. We present here a case of 83 years old female patient with history of fleshy mass covering the cornea and the patient was diagnosed clinically as ocular surface squamous neoplasia. Patient underwent surgical excision of the mass followed by cryotherapy. Histopathological examination revealed conjunctival intraepithelial neoplasia of grade 3. Six months after treatment the patient is completely tumor free with no recurrence.
Primary mucosal melanoma of the nasal cavity – a case report
Authors: Krishnanand B.R. , Geetha T.V.
Published: July 2024

Mucosal melanomas are very rare. However, cases of melanomas have been reported arising from the nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, larynx-laryngopharynx and from combined nasal and sinus regions. The importance of clinical and histological diagnosis of this condition becomes evident when we consider the propensity this tumour has for early local and distant spread and the resultant poor five-year survival rate.
Reflections on the Application of Bribery Crimes in the Criminal Law Amendment (XII)
Authors: Hu Shijuan , Zeng Junru
Published: July 2024

为了严格落实加大惩治行贿犯罪精神，贯彻“受贿行贿一起查”政策要求，《刑法修正案（十二）》对行贿类犯罪作了重要修改和补充完善，修改了单位行贿罪、行贿罪法定刑，增加了行贿罪七种从重处罚情节，使得行贿与受贿犯罪在立法上相适应，从而更好推动全面从严治党向纵深推进。在司法实践中，应当正确理解《刑法修正案（十二）》的内容，特别是要厘清行贿罪从重处罚情节的适用，不得同时将其作为行贿罪定罪情节和从重处罚情节予以重复评价，同时要掌握行贿类犯罪的法定刑修改的意义所在，在惩治行贿犯罪时严格对照单位行贿罪、行贿罪的犯罪构成要件、特殊减免处罚情节，在坚持罪责刑相适应原则和符合“宽严相济”政策的要求下进行。
A Four-Dimensional Holistic Analysis of Mao Zedong’s Intellectual Transformation during the May Fourth Movement
Authors: Yin Zhanwen , Shi Yaqin
Published: July 2024

五四运动时期是一代伟人毛泽东转向马克思主义，继而成长为坚定马克思主义者的关键时期。这一时期毛泽东的思想转变具有全面性和整体性的鲜明特点，全面性和整体性是由内蕴其中的哲学世界观、空间关系、政治思想、方法路径四重维度架构起来的。哲学世界观维度的唯心与唯物、空间关系维度的中国与世界、政治思想维度的问题与主义、方法路径维度的改良与革命，相互影响、整体协调，综合作用于青年毛泽东思想转变的整个过程。因此，五四运动期间，青年毛泽东在唯心与唯物、中国与世界、问题与主义、改良与革命这四重维度的选择与思考中蜕变成为一名成熟的马克思主义者。
The Historical Evolution and Constitutional Framework of China’s Security Leadership System from the Perspective of a Holistic Approach to National Security
Authors: Sun Xuli , Wang Bixing
Published: July 2024

建国以来，在中国共产党的领导下，中国国家安全领导体制经历了历史性变革。如今，作为国家安全体制核心的中央国家安全委员会是新时代在总体国家安全观指导下的顶层设计。设立宪法上的国家安全委员会是贯彻总体国家安全观、履行维护国家安全的宪法义务以及构建国家安全共同体的必然要求和最高规范表达。国家安全委员会的宪法规范建构应以修宪方式明确作为国家机构的国家安全委员会，采用“一套班子、两块牌子”的设置模式，由国家主席兼任国家安全委员会主席，同时完善配套法律法规体系。
The Legal Attribute and Accusation Application of Virtual Currency Trading Behavior from the Perspective of Financial Security
Authors: Shi Kui , Zhang Fengling
Published: July 2024

虚拟币交易行为如何定性以及适用何种罪名，是长期备受困扰的一道难题，《最高人民法院关于审理非法集资刑事案件具体应用法律若干问题的解释》（法释〔2022〕5 号）第二条第（八）款为该行为适用非法吸收公众存款罪提供了明确依据。但当前虚拟币交易行为的法律属性、本质特征等关键问题仍未厘定，虚拟币交易行为的认定标准，虚拟币交易金额的认定仍缺乏统一尺度，“类案异判”的问题较为突出。而虚拟币自身蕴含的货币属性及其“资金池”化凸显出涉众型非法金融的本质，以非法吸收公众存款罪规制虚拟币交易行为正当且合理。虚拟币交易行为规范适用非法吸收公众存款罪，需要厘定“四性”特征的认定标准，完善“四性”特征的判断方法和构建虚拟币交易金额的认定规则。
Legal Review of Investment Implementation In Vietnam and In Indonesia Is Reviewed Based On Investment Regulations In Each Country
Authors: Izza Dhesta Alifio
Published: July 2024

Investment or investment is an activity to increase the capital owned by a company or country with the aim of earning profits in the future. This activity is carried out by investors both from within the country and abroad, having a positive impact on Indonesia's economic development. The purpose of this study is to analyze the implementation of investment in Indonesia and Vietnam, especially related to regulations in each country. In addition, the study also aims to identify the advantages and disadvantages of foreign investment in both countries. Descriptive legal research methods and comparative approaches are used to analyze the implementation of investment in Indonesia and Vietnam, focusing on investment regulations, advantages, and disadvantages of each country. The results of the study show that although Indonesia has natural potential, political stability, and strong government support, the country is still less attractive than Vietnam in terms of Foreign Investment (FDI). Vietnam has managed to attract more foreign investment thanks to more investor-friendly regulations and better legal certainty. In conclusion, to increase competitiveness in attracting foreign investment, Indonesia needs to improve investment regulations and create a more conducive investment climate.
Attitudes on Policy and Punishment: Opposition to Inequality-Based Government Aid Predicts Support for Capital Punishment
Authors: Trahan Adam , Voss Andrew S. , Fowler Shannon K.
Published: July 2024

Objective: There exists a well-developed body of research on the attitudinal correlates of support for capital punishment. Among the most robust of these is racism and racial attributions. The study presented here was designed to explore whether policy prescriptions reflective of racial attitudes can predict support for capital punishment.
Method: Data come from the 2018 iteration of the NORC General Social Survey. The dependent variable is a dichotomous measure of support for the death penalty for people convicted of murder. The independent variable is a 5-level Likert-type item of support for government aid to Blacks to help overcome discrimination. Binary logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between variables net of standard controls.
Results: Over 63 percent of the total sample supported the death penalty. Support among those strongly favored government aid to Blacks was 41 percent. Support among those who strongly rejected aid to Blacks was 78 percent. Results of the regression analysis showed each decrease in the level of support for government aid to Blacks was associated with an 18.6 percent increase in the likelihood of supporting the death penalty.
Conclusion: Capital punishment support is not simply a function of abstract, hypothetical racial attitudes. The findings reported here suggest support for the death penalty is associated with concrete policy prescriptions that maintain racial inequalities. Given that capital punishment continues in large part due to public support, it should be recognized that this support is based on a desire to maintain racial inequalities through government action.
ความพร้อมในการจัดการเรียนรู้แบบสะเต็มศึกษา เพื่อพัฒนาผู้เรียนตามกรอบการประเมิน PISA 2025 ของครูสังกัดสำนักงานเขตบางขุนเทียน กรุงเทพมหานคร
Authors: สีอ่อน อุลัยวรรณ์ , มาสันเทียะ จุฑาภรณ์ , ทิพยกุลไพโรจน์ ดารุณี
Published: July 2024

ภูมิหลังและวัตถุประสงค์: การเตรียมความพร้อมของครูผู้สอนในระดับชั้นประถมศึกษาตอนปลายและมัธยมศึกษาตอนต้นเพื่อปรับตัวตามกรอบการประเมิน PISA 2025 เป็นกระบวนการที่สำคัญและน่าสนใจอย่างมาก เพื่อให้ครูมีความพร้อมที่จะสอนและสนับสนุนการเรียนรู้ของนักเรียนในโลกดิจิทัล การวิจัยครั้งนี้ มีวัตถุประสงค์เพื่อ (1) ศึกษาความพร้อมของครูสังกัดสำนักงานเขตบางขุนเทียน กรุงเทพมหานคร ในการจัดการเรียนรู้แบบสะเต็มศึกษา ตามกรอบการประเมิน PISA 2025 และ (2) เปรียบเทียบความพร้อมของครูสังกัดสำนักงานเขตบางขุนเทียน กรุงเทพมหานคร ในการจัดการเรียนรู้แบบสะเต็มศึกษา ตามกรอบการประเมิน PISA 2025 ระหว่างครูที่มีวิชาที่สอนแตกต่างกัน
ระเบียบวิธีการวิจัย: ประชากร คือ ครูที่สอนวิชาวิทยาศาสตร์ วิชาคณิตศาสตร์ และวิชาคอมพิวเตอร์ ระดับชั้นประถมศึกษาตอนปลาย และมัธยมศึกษาตอนต้น ในโรงเรียนสังกัดสำนักงานเขตบางขุนเทียน กรุงเทพมหานคร จำนวน 100 คน เครื่องมือที่ใช้ในการวิจัย คือ แบบสอบถาม ที่มีค่าความเชื่อมั่นเท่ากับ 0.963 สถิติที่ใช้ในการวิเคราะห์ข้อมูล ประกอบด้วยสถิติบรรยาย ได้แก่ ความถี่ ร้อยละ ค่าเฉลี่ย ส่วนเบี่ยงเบนมาตรฐาน
ผลการศึกษา: (1) ในภาพรวมครูสังกัดสำนักงานเขตบางขุนเทียน กรุงเทพมหานคร มีความพร้อมในการจัดการเรียนรู้แบบสะเต็มศึกษา ตามกรอบการประเมิน PISA 2025 อยู่ในระดับปานกลาง (ค่าเฉลี่ยคะแนนคิดเป็นร้อยละ 76.16 ของคะแนนเต็ม) (2) ความพร้อมของครูสังกัดสำนักงานเขตบางขุนเทียน กรุงเทพมหานคร ที่มีวิชาที่สอนแตกต่างกัน พบว่า ครูที่สอนวิชาคอมพิวเตอร์ มีค่าเฉลี่ยคะแนนความพร้อมในการจัดการเรียนรู้แบบสะเต็มศึกษา ตามกรอบการประเมิน PISA 2025 สูงกว่าครูที่สอนวิชาอื่นๆ ซึ่งถือว่ามีความพร้อมในระดับมาก (ค่าเฉลี่ยคะแนนคิดเป็นร้อยละ 83.56 ของคะแนนเต็ม)
สรุปผล: ด้วยคะแนนเฉลี่ยร้อยละ 76.16 การศึกษานี้แสดงให้เห็นว่าครูมีความพร้อมเพียงปานกลางเท่านั้นในการนำการศึกษา STEM ไปปฏิบัติภายในกรอบการประเมิน PISA 2025 ในทางกลับกัน ผู้ที่สอนวิชาที่เกี่ยวข้องกับคอมพิวเตอร์ได้คะแนน 83.56 เปอร์เซ็นต์ ซึ่งสูงกว่าอย่างเห็นได้ชัดและบ่งชี้ถึงระดับความสามารถที่โดดเด่นซึ่งเอื้ออำนวยต่อความสำเร็จในการบูรณาการ STEM ในการสอน
แบบภาวะผู้นำของผู้บริหารสถานศึกษาและบรรยากาศองค์การในสถานศึกษาที่ส่งผลต่อความสุขในการทำงานของครู
Authors: ปะกายะ จันทประภา , กุลนภาดล ทวีศิลป์
Published: July 2024

ภูมิหลังและวัตถุประสงค์: โรงเรียนเป็นองค์กรที่จัดตั้งขึ้นเพื่อการจัดการศึกษาและส่งเสริมการเรียนรู้แก่ผู้เรียน โดยมุ่งหวังให้บุคลากรทำงานอย่างมีความสุข ภาวะผู้นำของผู้บริหารสถานศึกษาและบรรยากาศองค์องค์การในสถานศึกษาจึงมีส่วนสำคัญในการเสริมความสุขในองค์การสถานศึกษา การวิจัยครั้งนี้มีวัตถุประสงค์เพื่อ 1) เพื่อศึกษาระดับแบบภาวะผู้นำของผู้บริหารสถานศึกษา บรรยากาศองค์การในสถานศึกษา และความสุขในการทำงานของครู 2) เพื่อศึกษาความสัมพันธ์ระหว่างแบบภาวะผู้นำของผู้บริหารสถานศึกษาและบรรยากาศองค์การในสถานศึกษากับความสุขในการทำงานของครู 3) เพื่อศึกษาแบบภาวะผู้นำของผู้บริหารสถานศึกษาและบรรยากาศองค์การในสถานศึกษาที่ส่งผลต่อความสุขในการทำงานของครู
ระเบียบวิธีการวิจัย: ครูในโรงเรียนสังกัดสำนักงานเขตดอนเมือง กรุงเทพมหานคร ปีการศึกษา 2566 จำนวน 191 คน โดยได้จากการเปิดตารางสำเร็จรูปเครจซี่และมอร์แกน (Krejcie & Morgan, 1970) โดยใช้การสุ่มแบบแบ่งชั้น (Stratified Random Sampling) โดยใช้ขนาดโรงเรียนเป็นระดับชั้น (Strata) แล้ววิธีจับสลากจำนวนครูตามสัดส่วนของโรงเรียน สถิติที่ใช้ในการวิจัยได้แก่ ค่าเฉลี่ย ค่าร้อยละ ส่วนเบี่ยงเบนมาตรฐาน สัมประสิทธิ์สหสัมพันธ์แบบเพียร์สันและการถดถอยพหุคูณแบบวิธีการนำตัวแปรเข้าทั้งหมด
ผลการวิจัย: 1) ระดับแบบภาวะผู้นำของผู้บริหารสถานศึกษา โดยรวมอยู่ในระดับมาก ระดับบรรยากาศองค์การในสถานศึกษา โดยรวมอยู่ในระดับมาก และระดับความสุขในการทำงานของครู โดยรวมอยู่ในระดับมาก 2) แบบภาวะผู้นำของผู้บริหารสถานศึกษาและบรรยากาศองค์การในสถานศึกษามีความสัมพันธ์กับความสุขในการทำงานของครู ในภาพรวมพบว่า ตัวแปรทั้งหมดมีค่าสัมประสิทธิ์สหสัมพันธ์ (r) ระหว่าง -.087 ถึง .635 3) แบบภาวะผู้นำของผู้บริหารสถานศึกษาและบรรยากาศองค์การในสถานศึกษาร่วมกันพยากรณ์ตัวแปรความสุขในการทำงานของครู ได้ร้อยละ 37.30 (R2 = .373)
สรุปผล : ผลวิจัยสรุปว่า ระดับแบบภาวะผู้นำของผู้บริหารสถานศึกษา ระดับบรรยากาศองค์การในสถานศึกษา และระดับความสุขในการทำงานของครู โดยรวมอยู่ในระดับมาก โดยภาวะผู้นำของผู้บริหารสถานศึกษาและบรรยากาศองค์การในสถานศึกษามีความสัมพันธ์กับความสุขในการทำงานของครู และแบบภาวะผู้นำของผู้บริหารสถานศึกษาและบรรยากาศองค์การในสถานศึกษาร่วมกันพยากรณ์ตัวแปรความสุขในการทำงานของครูอย่างมีนัยสำคัญทางสถิติที่ระดับ .001
FEATURES OF CONSUMER BEHAVIOR IN THE DIGITAL ENVIRONMENT AND FACTORS INFLUENCING IT / ՍՊԱՌՈՂԻ ՎԱՐՔԱԳԾԻ ԱՌԱՆՁՆԱՀԱՏԿՈՒԹՅՈՒՆՆԵՐԸ ԹՎԱՅԻՆ ՄԻՋԱՎԱՅՐՈՒՄ ԵՎ ԴՐԱ ՎՐԱ ԱԶԴՈՂ ԳՈՐԾՈՆՆԵՐԸ
Authors: Arakelyan Karapet , Minasyan Armine
Published: July 2024

Consumer behavior is one of the most important economic issues and is constantly in the focus of attention of researchers. In the current period of development of society, when large-scale digitalization processes are taking place and the transition to various economic transactions and transactions in the digital environment is underway, consumer behavior is also undergoing changes, and there is a need to study what influences and what changes consumer behavior is undergoing.
This article discusses the analysis of consumer behavior in the digital environment, and with the help of research conducted as part of a focus group of surveys, we tried to understand which behavior is most demonstrated by consumers representing different generations, and what, in particular, they are guided by when making decisions.
Kinerja Makro Pembangunan Daerah Sebagai Daya Tarik Migrasi Masuk Provinsi di Pulau Sulawesi
Authors: Suhab Sultan , Sharlyna Sharlyna
Published: July 2024

Penelitian ini menggunakan regresi data panel untuk menguji hubungan antara Produk Domestik Regional Bruto (PDRB), Upah Minimum Provinsi (UMP), kesempatan kerja, dan Indeks Pembangunan Manusia (IPM) dengan migrasi masuk ke Pulau Sulawesi. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa PDRB, UMP, dan kesempatan kerja secara signifikan mempengaruhi migrasi masuk, sedangkan IPM tidak memiliki dampak yang signifikan. Studi ini menggunakan Model Random Effect untuk menganalisis data. Oleh karena itu, PDRB, UMP, dan kesempatan kerja dapat menjadi instrumen kebijakan untuk mengatur arus migrasi masuk di Pulau Sulawesi. Selain itu, studi ini menyoroti bahwa kualitas hidup, yang diukur dengan IPM, tidak mempengaruhi migrasi masuk di Sulawesi. Studi ini sangat penting untuk memahami faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi migrasi masuk di Pulau Sulawesi.