bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adult idiopathic thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura therapeutic modalities and outcome
Authors: Esheba Noha E. , Aboelnasr Mohamed S. , Elrefaey Waleed A.
Published: October 2022

Background

Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is a rare hematological disease that results in fatality if not treated. The studies on TTP are scarce; most of them have small numbers of patients. Since not enough data on Egyptian patients with TTP can be found in the literature, we carried out this retrospective study to define the therapeutic modalities and outcome of these patients.

Patients and methods

We studied the records of patients clinically diagnosed with TTP from 2006 to 2020. Twenty-nine patients were diagnosed with TTP. However, full records were available only for 22 patients. The primary outcome of the study was the 1-year survival. Other outcomes were the factors on which the survival seemed to depend on such as age, platelet count, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), serum creatinine, hemoglobin, reticulocytic %, plasma volume exchange (PVE), days to start of treatment, and indirect bilirubin.

Results

Platelet count change was negatively correlated with both the number of plasma exchange sessions and the days to start of treatment, but it was positively correlated with the volume of plasma exchange. Univariate analysis identified factors associated with better survival of the patients: LDH, reticulocytic percent, days to start of treatment, serum creatinine, PVE, and hemoglobin level. The multivariate analysis revealed that the independent factors affecting the survival were LDH, reticulocytic percent, hemoglobin level, and age.

Conclusion

Early suspicion and intervention with therapeutic plasma exchange for TTP are associated with better outcomes in these patients. One and a half PVE is associated with better response than 1 PVE.
An evaluation of thrombocytopenia cases in the hematology clinic of the Ankara Numune Training and Research Hospital
Authors: Sari Öznur , Üre Ümit
Published: October 2022

Background

Thrombocytopenia is a major disease that requires the referral of outpatient and hospitalized patients to hematology specialists.

Objectives

The present study aims to evaluate the laboratory and transfusion statuses of adult patients admitted to our hospital and receiving outpatient/inpatient treatment and diagnosed with thrombocytopenia (<100 × 109/l).

Design

Single-center, retrospective, laboratory-based study.

Patients and methods

In the study, after obtaining permission of the hospital's Non-Invasive Clinical Research Ethics Committee, the information of patients diagnosed with thrombocytopenia (platelet count <100 × 109/l) and who were examined and treated in the outpatient/inpatient settings between 2008 and 2010 were retrospectively analyzed using patient files and the hospital electronic database.

Sample size

A total of 1020 patients diagnosed with thrombocytopenia.

Results

The patients were divided into groups according to the most common diagnoses for diseases associated with thrombocytopenia (hematological malignancy, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)-sepsis, immune thrombocytopenia (ITP), infection, and chronic liver disease (n=708). Chemotherapy-induced, drug-induced, nutritional (B12, folate deficiency, etc.), OKIT, pregnancy-induced thrombocytopenias and other less common causes of thrombocytopenia were evaluated in a separate group (n=312). It was found that female patients were more frequently diagnosed with ITP (71.7 vs. 28.3%). Sex distributions were similar in other groups. The highest mean age (71 years: 50/80) was observed in patients with DIC-sepsis, whereas the lowest mean age was found in patients with ITP (40 years: 30/57) (P<0.001). It was found that the most frequent need for transfusion developed in patients diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, and aplastic anemia.

Conclusion

In this study, it was determined that the prevalence of thrombocytopenia was highest in patients diagnosed with hematological malignancy, ITP, and DIC-sepsis, respectively. In cases of hematological malignancy, the need for replacement of blood products is considered to be inevitable during the treatment process of the underlying disease compared with other clinical conditions.
Assessment of megaloblastic anemia in geriatrics in Lagos State, Nigeria
Authors: Akinbami Akinsegun A , Bamiro Rafatu A , Uche Ebele I , Suleiman Aishatu M , Benjamin Augustine , Kareem Abdulateef O , Odebiyi Hassan A , Oduniyi Oludaisi A
Published: October 2022

Background

Deficiency in some of the water-soluble vitamins such as vitamin B9 (folate) and vitamin B12 (cobalamin) is associated with multiple diseases seen in the elderly, for example, anemia, dementia, Alzheimer's disease, cancers, and osteoporosis. This study, using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, aimed to determine the serum levels of vitamins B9 (folate) and B12 (cobalamin)/homocysteine in the elderly. Packed cell volume and mean corpuscular volume were correlated with these vitamins.

Materials and methods

This was a descriptive, cross-sectional study done at the geriatric clinic of Lagos State University Teaching Hospital (LASUTH) Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria. Following the receipt of the Institution's Ethics Committee approval, elderly participants, aged 65 years and above were recruited consecutively. Their blood was collected into EDTA and plain bottles for the determination of full blood count and folate and vitamin B12/homocysteine, respectively. Data were analyzed with the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23.0. The P value was set at less than or equal to 0.05.

Results

A total of 90 participants were recruited consisting of 50 (55.6%) females and 40 (44.4%) males. The overall mean folate, vitamin B12, and homocysteine were 7.64 ± 2.39 ng/ml, 514 ± 237.95 pg/ml, and 8.37 ± 6.88, respectively. Only 2.2 and 1.1% of the elderly had vitamin 12 and folate deficiencies, respectively, and 13.3% had elevated homocysteine. Packed cell volume was statistically significantly correlated with folate, vitamin B12, mean corpuscular volume, and homocysteine (P=0.001).

Conclusion

Vitamin B12 and folate deficiencies are uncommon in the elderly population in Lagos. The incidence of hyperhomocysteinemia is also low among them.
Adjuvant Use of Ribavirin With Treatment of Hepatitis C Virus in Kidney Transplant Recipients
Authors: Bashir Aamir , Verma Ashish , Duseja Ajay , De Arka , Tiwari Pramil
Published: October 2022

Hepatitis C virus infection among kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) is an important public health concern worldwide. Evidence on available treatments given shows a greater variability for safety and efficacy, thus we performed this large analysis to present the pooled findings. PubMed/Medline, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar were searched to identify observational studies of both interferon-based conventional treatment (CT) and recently approved direct-acting antivirals (DAAs), published before November 2020. Meta-analysis of effectiveness outcome (sustained virological response [SVR12]) and safety data (adverse events and discontinuation rate) was performed using a random-effect model. Subgroup analysis based on ± ribavirin with both treatments was performed to assess its relevance in clinical practice. Chi-square and I
2 tests were used to assess heterogeneity between the studies. Twenty-five and 9 observational records reporting on treatment with DAAs (n = 943) and CT (n = 125), respectively, are analyzed. The overall pooled estimate of SVR12 rate was found as 95.3%, (range: 92.6%–97%) with DAAs in comparison to 46.4% (range: 33.7%–59.6%) with CT. The pooled prevalence of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in CT was higher as 47.8% than in DAAs as 23.8%, consequently showing a high discontinuation rate of 31.7% in CT as compared to 6.5% with DAAs. Subgroup analyses of both DAAs and interferon-based treatment ± ribavirin showed decreased effectiveness and increased ADR rates on adding ribavirin. The effectiveness of DDAs was found significantly higher than CT with a better safety profile in KTRs. Ribavirin did not provide any additional benefits while given in combination with either of the treatments available.
Deceased Donor Renal Transplant Outcome in a South Indian Tertiary Care Hospital With Zonal Allocation Model - An Observational Study
Authors: Sadayandi Kandasamy , Madhavan Devdas , Murugesan Prabu , Mathavan Balamurugan , Narayanasamy Kuppurajan , Baranikumar Pollachi Balasundaraj , Murugesan Anandan , Balasundaram Sengoda G , Sengottayan Vengetesh Kilvani , Vasanthan R , Jeevithan S
Published: October 2022

Background:

With the rising incidence of diabetes and hypertension, the prevalence of end-stage renal disease has increased greatly so as the need for renal replacement therapy. Availability of suitable living-related donors is a major problem which increases the demand for deceased donor renal transplantation (DDRT), making it a lifeline for the patients on dialysis without any living donors.

Methodology:

This is a retrospective analysis of 118 DDRT done between 2012 and 2020, in a private quaternary care hospital in a south Indian state. All patients received basiliximab induction, with maintenance immunosuppression using steroids, mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) or mycophenolate sodium, and tacrolimus.

Results:

In our study, we report unadjusted graft survival of 93.2% and 81.3%, patient survival of 94.9% and 83.1% at the end of 1 and 5 years, respectively. The recipients with age < 60 years had 5 years graft survival of 87%. The study group consisted of 15.25% of the patients with panel reactive antibody (PRA) positive and 10.16% of them with donor-specific antibody (DSA) during renal transplantation, and there was only one allograft loss in this subset of the patients.

Conclusion:

This study confirms that human leukocyte antigen matching is not very important with the current immunosuppressive protocol using tacrolimus and MMF. Early initiations of tacrolimus do not increase the incidence of delayed graft function. We report 91.6% graft survival in the DSA-positive group, with basiliximab induction and desensitization protocol.
Organ Donation-Related Psychosocial Interventions
Authors: Maarefvand Masoomeh , Poursaadati Maryam Zabihi , Niyasar Mahbubeh Ziarati , Khubchandani Jagdish
Published: October 2022

Introduction:

Lack of consent from brain dead individuals' families is a major impediment for organ donation (OD) which is caused by several factors. Families need to receive information and support before, during, and after OD. Involving social workers in the transplantation team could be helpful.

Methods:

To develop a guideline for OD-related social work interventions, we conducted an inductive content analysis on experiences of experts providing services for families of brain dead individuals and searched scientific documents to identify eligible social work guidelines and studies. The participants were invited through purposeful and convenience sampling. Sampling was terminated when no additional information was acquired, and data saturation occurred.

Results:

Eleven experts who had experience in interviewing families of brain dead individuals participated voluntarily. In-depth and semi-structured interviews were conducted individually for each participant. We shared the draft for the social work guidelines with experts and finalized the guidelines according to their comments. Recommendations for social work interventions for brain dead individuals' families in three main phases were categorized; before donation (process initiation and family consent), during donation, and after donation (short-term and long-term interventions).

Conclusion:

Social workers can get involved in transplantation teams to improve family protection during the consent seeking process and after the family's consent about donation.
Endovascular Management of Vascular Complications in Renal Allograft - An Observational Study
Authors: Prasad Surya Nandan , Singh Vivek , Yachha Monika , Phadke Rajendra Vishnu , Bhadauria Dharmendra S
Published: October 2022

Context:

Role of endovascular management of vascular complications in renal transplant recipients.

Aims:

To present our experience in endovascular management of vascular complications in renal transplant recipients with a literature review.

Settings and Design:

A retrospective observational study.

Materials and Methods:

This is a retrospective analysis of postrenal transplant recipients referred to our department for the evaluation and endovascular management of vascular complications from January 2010 to December 2014. Cases of transplant renal artery stenosis (TRAS) and common iliac artery (CIA) stenosis were treated with percutaneous transluminal balloon angioplasty with or without stenting. Intraparenchymal pseudoaneurysms, arteriovenous fistula (AVF), and active contrast extravasation cases were managed with coil and/or glue embolization. Treated patients were followed up with serial blood pressure measurements, serum creatinine estimation, and Doppler evaluation in the postprocedure period and at 3-month and 6-month intervals.

Results:

Among a total of ten patients, there were five TRAS, two intraparenchymal pseudoaneurysms with active contrast extravasation, one AVF, one active renal bleed with peri-graft hematoma, and one right CIA stenosis. Intraparenchymal pseudoaneurysms, AVF, and active extravasations were postbiopsy. All treated patients showed improved renal function, increased hematocrit, improved blood pressure control in the postprocedure period, and follow-up.

Conclusions:

Vascular complications in renal transplant patients may lead to graft dysfunction, increased morbidity, and even graft loss if left untreated. Endovascular interventions are first-line treatments with excellent short- and long-term outcomes.
Tacrolimus-Induced Nonischemic Dilated Cardiomyopathy in a Postrenal Transplant Recipient - A Case Report
Authors: Chowdhary Prawash Kumar , Kale Sanjeev Anant , Kumar Sanjay , Patel Meena
Published: October 2022

We describe a case of nonischemic reversible dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) due to tacrolimus in patient of live-related renal transplantation. Very few cases due to tacrolimus associated DCM has been reported in the literature, especially in the renal transplant recipient. With the growing use of tacrolimus in transplant medicine, this case report expands the literature of tacrolimus cardiotoxicity and can be useful for clinicians to evaluate and manage the case of DCM in the postrenal transplant recipient.
Tuberculosis in Kidney Transplant Recipients
Authors: Surendran Sujit , Thirumalvalavan K , Anand S Murugesh , Prasad N D Srinivasa , Fernando M E Edwin
Published: October 2022

Background:

The incidence of tuberculosis (TB) among transplant recipients varies from 5% to 15% across the globe. We conducted a retrospective study to identify the incidence of TB among kidney transplant recipients in our transplant unit.

Materials and Methods:

We assessed the patients who underwent kidney transplantation in our transplant unit during the study period from January 2014 to June 2018 and included those recipients who had bacteriologically confirmed TB. We excluded the patients who had TB before transplant and those recipients who were initiated on antituberculosis treatment (ATT) empirically. The details collected were: 1. Clinical data, the presenting symptoms, and clinical findings. 2. Diagnostic investigation: Microbiological/histopathological/radiological/bronchoalveolar lavage/fluid (pleural/peritoneal/cerebrospinal fluid) analysis. 3. Antituberculous regimen, dose, and duration of the therapy. 4. Relapse/patient and graft outcome after treatment.

Results:

The total number of patients who underwent kidney transplantation during the study period was 177. TB occurred in 21 patients after transplantation. The incidence of TB in our transplant unit was 11.86%. In these 21 recipients, 8 had pulmonary TB and the remaining 13 had extrapulmonary/disseminated TB, which included two patients with disseminated TB and one patient with allograft dysfunction with thrombotic microangiopathy which was attributed to TB as it responded to first-line antituberculous drugs. The mortality rate was 23.8%, as five patients expired. After excluding patients who expired, the graft survival at 1 year after ATT completion was 90.5%.

Conclusion:

For most developing nations, the World Health Organization's “End TB Strategy” remains far from their dream. An ideal investigation to detect TB in its early stage is essential in posttransplant recipients to reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with it.
Simultaneous Live-Related Kidney Transplant and Mesenteric Cyst Excision - A Case Report
Authors: Kolte Sanjay P , Chaubey Sameer , Hazra Surojit , Kolte Meenal
Published: October 2022

Mesenteric cysts of the abdomen affecting patients of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) are not common. In the absence of symptoms, they may remain undetected unless large in size. When present, the cysts have to be treated by surgical excision. In patients awaiting kidney transplantation, surgery for the cyst can be a potential hindrance in the planning of transplantation as morbidity and mortality of surgery in patients of ESRD is very high. We report a 27-year-old male awaiting kidney transplantation, who presented to us with a large mesenteric cyst. We conducted a simultaneous surgery of mesenteric cyst and kidney transplantation successfully.
Odynophagia in a Renal-Transplant Recipient - A Case Report
Authors: Shahanas P S , Kumar K Vinod , Joseph Lilly , Unni V Narayanan
Published: October 2022

Opportunistic infections occur in immunosuppressed patients. The latent infections may be reactivated after transplantation with the use of immunosuppressive agents. Some infections are the result of community exposures, whereas some are transferred with allograft. Co-infections can occur, and diagnosis might be missed at initial presentation. We report a renal allograft recipient presenting with odynophagia and dysphagia who was found to have herpes simplex virus and Candida esophagitis. With appropriate therapy, there was complete resolution of symptoms. Early diagnosis and initiation of treatment would result in a better outcome.
Effectiveness of Awareness Program on The Knowledge, Awareness, and Perception of Undergraduate Paramedical and Non-Paramedical Students Toward Eye Donation - A Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Rani Anjali , Adak Pinaki , Yadav Rakesh Kumar , Chander Ashish
Published: October 2022

Introduction:

Corneal transplantation is the only option to treat corneal blindness. However, the corneal procurement rate is much less than the requirement. Barriers to eye donation need to be studied.

Aim:

The aim of this study is to understand the knowledge, awareness, and perception toward eye donation and the determination of barriers to eye donation among university students and to conduct an awareness campaign and determination of its effectiveness.

Methods:

A cross-sectional study was conducted among 300 graduation students of paramedical and nonparamedical department with the help of questionnaire. An awareness program was carried out through PowerPoint presentation. Responses were elicited pre- and post-awareness program. Data were analyzed using the SPSS software version 16.

Results:

The findings suggest that knowledge and awareness were slightly higher among paramedical students but the willingness for eye donation was higher among nonparamedical students as compared to paramedical students. The prime source of information was doctors/optometrists and media. In both the groups, female and Hindu participants showed more willingness toward eye donation. Barriers to eye donation was the lack of awareness and inappropriate knowledge including various myths and superstitions. Knowledge, awareness, and willingness for eye donation pre- and post-awareness program was comparable between both the groups. Awareness program resulted in statistically significant increase in positive attitude and willingness toward eye donation in both the groups.

Conclusion:

Effective measures including awareness campaign need to be taken such as education on eye donation through which procurement of cornea can be increased and burden of corneal blindness can be minimized.
A Rare Case of Graft Lower Polar Artery Aneurysm
Authors: Patil Abhijit , Ganpule Arvind , Sabnis Ravindra , Desai Mahesh
Published: October 2022

Graft artery aneurysms though rare, may have devastating consequences. We present a case of an aneurysm involving the lower polar artery anastomosed to external iliac artery using a gonadal vein graft. The patient presented with sudden onset graft fossa swelling, pain, and decreased urine output. Color Doppler and computed tomography angiography helped in diagnosis and management. Since the majority of the graft was well-perfused by the upper polar artery, the patient underwent excision of the lower polar artery aneurysm. The prompt diagnosis and management salvaged the graft. This aneurysm presented after 10 years of the underlying importance of long-term surveillance.
Behavioural and Emotional difficulties in School children during COVID 19 pandemic using narrowband dimensions of SDQ
Authors: Nath Subhashish , Gogoi Vijay , Linganna Siddeswara Bargur , Baruah Jita , Sutradhar Bikram
Published: October 2022

Background:

Containment strategies such as lockdown during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic have forced home confinement of many children. Data on psychological difficulties in children during lockdown are scarce from this part of the country.

Aim:

The aim of the study is to describe the burden and pattern of behavioral and emotional problems of schoolchildren during COVID-19 lockdown in a small town from Northeastern India.

Materials and Methods:

Caregivers of children (4–17 years old) attending English medium schools of the town were invited to participate in the study. A descriptive cross-sectional online survey using purposive nonprobability sampling was conducted between August and September 2020. Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) was used to measure behavioral and emotional difficulties of children. Responses were based on child's behaviors over the last 6 months which coincided with the ongoing lockdown period in the region.

Results:

A total of 304 responses were received, among which 242 were considered for analysis. The parent-reported SDQ showed 23.1% of children having emotional or behavioral problems during the COVID-19 lockdown. Peer problems (43.4%) were the most common, followed by conduct problems (25.6%), emotional problems (23.1%), and hyperactivity (11.1%). Type of family (nuclear/joint/extended) was significantly associated with total difficulties (χ2 = 6.608, P = 0.03), conduct problems (χ2 = 8.492, P = 0.01), and hyperactivity (χ2 = 5.908, P = 0.05). Socioeconomic status of the family was associated with hyperactivity (χ2 = 8.755, P = 0.01).

Conclusion:

Significant number of children have behavioral and emotional difficulties during COVID-19 lockdown period.
A cross-sectional survey of sleep patterns and quality and its association with psychological symptoms among doctors working in a COVID-19 care facility
Authors: Kota Sushmitha , Kumar Shankar , Gopal Archana , Rudra Prashanth Nagabhushan , Anvitha K
Published: October 2022

Context:

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak has led to several psychological symptoms among frontline doctors of which sleep disturbances are common. Stress due to isolation and disease-related factors are known to be associated with sleep disturbances.

Aim:

The aim of this study is to establish the prevalence of poor sleep and its association with psychological symptoms among doctors working in COVID-19 tertiary hospital.

Settings and Design:

A cross-sectional online survey was conducted among 150 doctors who were treating COVID-19 patients.

Materials and Methods:

The survey contained a semi-structured questionnaire including sociodemographic details, Depression Anxiety Stress Scale 21, and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index scale. Analysis was done using the SPSS v20.

Results:

Of 150 doctors, we found 67 (44.67%) and 83 (55.33%) doctors were poor sleepers and good sleepers, respectively. Those who were married (P = 0.001), had higher working hours per month (P = 0.001), the presence of family history of psychiatric illness (P = 0.008), and history of substance use (P = 0.007) were associated with poor sleep. Furthermore, poor sleep was associated with higher stress (P = 0.001), anxiety (P = 0.001), and depression (P = 0.001). A multiple logistic regression revealed that family history of psychiatric illness (odds ratio [OR]-5.44, P = 0.01) and the presence of substance use (OR-7.77, P = 0.01) predicted poor sleep.

Conclusion:

Sleep pattern abnormalities were present in 45% of the frontline COVID-19 doctors studied. Family history of psychiatric illness and substance use was associated with higher chances of having poor sleep. It is important to recognize and manage sleep abnormalities as these could be initial signs of a psychiatric disorder or manifestations of underlying stress, especially in the vulnerable population.
Delusion of pregnancy
Authors: Ray Madhubrata , Kumar Sanjay , Sinha Alok , Pisharody Rohith R.
Published: October 2022

Delusional disorders are common psychiatric disorders, but a delusion of pregnancy is a rare condition. Four cases that presented at a single tertiary care psychiatry center with delusion of pregnancy as a part of different psychological disorders are illustrated here. These cases were seen over a period of 6 months and had varied presentations and associated psychopathologies. Three of the four patients showed rapid recovery to treatment, but one patient was lost to follow-up. The heterogeneity in the presentation, sociodemographic profile of the patients and even in the symptom profile and response to treatment in this condition is highlighted and discussed in this case series.
Development and psychometric testing of the Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Questionnaire to assess knowledge, attitude, and practices regarding COVID-19 among patients attending COVID screening outpatient department in a tertiary care hospital in North India
Authors: Chauhan Nidhi , Rohilla Ravi , Aggarwal Deepak , Jaswal Sumeesha , Singh Abhayraj , Arun Priti
Published: October 2022

Background:

COVID-19 pandemic has hit the world leading to major disruptions globally. Due to its highly contagious nature and associated mortality, a wide array of emotional and behavioral reactions were seen which indirectly reflected the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of individuals. Understanding the KAP of individuals is fundamental when it comes to decreasing future COVID cases.

Aim:

The study aimed to develop a Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Questionnaire regarding COVID-19 (COVID-KAPQ) among patients attending screening outpatient department (OPD) in a tertiary care hospital in North India and evaluate its psychometric properties.

Materials and Methods:

The study procedure consisted of step-wise procedure starting with item generation, expert evaluation for categorization of items into domains of KAP and testing for psychometric properties. The items were generated and evaluated by the Delphi method based on 8 experts. Reliability and validity were assessed using data from 200 patients attending COVID screening OPD. Content validity was evaluated using content validity index (CVI); construct validity was examined using exploratory factor analysis and Cronbach's alpha coefficient was computed for internal consistency.

Results:

The final COVID-KAPQ consisted of three domains and 29 items. Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the entire questionnaire was 0.734, 0.710 for knowledge domain, 0.614 for attitudes domain, and 0.759 for practice domain. CVI ranged from 0.86 to 1. Five factors each for knowledge and attitudes domain and two factors for practice domain were extracted by principal factor analysis and varimax rotation, with a cumulative contribution of 70.19%, 71.54%, and 66.77% variance in KAP domain.

Conclusions:

A questionnaire COVID-KAPQ (KAP regarding COVID-19) was developed. Psychometric testing indicated that it had adequate validity and reliability for use in COVID research in the general population. This questionnaire might help the public health researchers to map the level of KAP in the population and plan awareness and prevention strategies accordingly.
A camp approach of community psychiatry in India
Authors: Chander K. Rakesh , Moirangthem Sydney , Patley Rahul , Philip Sharad , Varshney Prateek , Basavaraju Vinay , Parthasarathy Rajani , Krishna P. V. Mohan , Manjunatha Narayana , Channaveerachari Naveen Kumar , Math Suresh Bada
Published: October 2022

Camps are a popular approach to deliver medical care in India. While it is usually a one-off event for physical ailments, it is a long-term affair in Psychiatry. One of the first camps in psychiatry was rolled out as early as in 1967 at Mandar, Ranchi, followed by Raipur Rani (Haryana) in 1976 and at Gunjur, Karnataka in 1977. This camp approach became extremely popular and got expanded across India as they were thought to be synonymous with community-based outreach for mental illnesses. In the past 5 years, however, newer models of community care have emerged, necessitating a relook at this traditional approach. In this paper, the authors trace the origin, utility and future directions of these camps, taking data from community psychiatry camps conducted by the National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, a premier neuropsychiatric tertiary care institute in India. Data have been collated from the annual reports of the Institute, database from the District Mental health Program, Government of Karnataka, India, and compared with published literature on the same field. While camps remain as one of the important avenues to reach the unreached, there is a need to change the approach of their functioning by incorporating training (primary care providers) aspects and collaborative care. The latter may make the initiative more meaningful and sustainable.
The appraisal-distress relationship of auditory hallucinations in patients with schizophrenia
Authors: Choudhary Amrita , Ranjan Jay Kumar , Asthana Hari Shanker , Chaudhury Suprakash
Published: October 2022

Background:

Appraisal of hallucinatory voices plays a significant role in anxiety and depression among patients with auditory hallucinations. Metacognitive beliefs are also associated with psychological distress in schizophrenia patients. However, there is a dearth of literature exploring the role of metacognitive beliefs on the appraisal-distress relationship, specifically, the overemphasis laid on the need to maintain consistency among thoughts and avoid cognitive dissonance.

Aim:

The aim of the study is to study the role of metacognitive beliefs on the appraisal-distress relationship.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 126 schizophrenia patients with auditory hallucinations were selected through purposive sampling technique. The participants were assessed on Hindi version of beliefs about voices questionnaire-revised (BAVQ-R), hospital anxiety and depression scale, metacognition questionnaire-short, and modified (MCQ-SAM).

Results:

Correlation analysis indicated significant relationship between the dimensions of BAVQ-R (i.e., benevolence, malevolence, and omnipotence) and MCQ-SAM (i.e., cognitive self-consciousness, positive beliefs about worry, importance of consistency of thoughts, and beliefs about normal experience of unwanted thoughts), depression and anxiety. Hierarchical regression analysis indicated that benevolence, malevolence, and importance of consistency of thoughts were predictors of anxiety; malevolence, importance of consistency of thoughts and positive beliefs about worry were predictors of depression. Results of moderation analysis indicated that malevolent beliefs about voices predict the intensity of distress among clinical voice-hearers, and importance of consistency of thoughts plays a moderating role in this appraisal-distress relationship.

Conclusion:

In schizophrenia patients with auditory hallucinations, the appraisal-distress relationship is strengthened when the need to maintain cognitive consistency is over-emphasized.
Cognitive behavior therapy as an adjuvant in management of alcohol dependence syndrome
Authors: Srivastava Kalpana , Prakash Jyoti , Bhat Pookala Shivaram , Chatterjee Kaushik , Chaudhury Suprakash , Chauhan Vinay
Published: October 2022

Background:

Treatment of alcohol dependence is a major challenge due to frequent relapses. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) has been reported to be useful in the treatment of alcohol dependence.

Aim:

This study aims to evaluate the effect of CBT module in management of Alcohol Dependence and compare it with treatment as usual (TAU).

Materials and Methods:

All newly diagnosed alcohol dependence patients during the study period meeting the exclusion and inclusion criteria were included in the study. Patients with a head injury, HIV seropositive status, or any other organic brain disorder and comorbid psychiatric disorders were excluded. The study included 226 patients with alcohol dependence randomly assigned to intervention group (n = 116) and TAU group (n = 110). Demographic and clinical data were recorded and Severity of Alcohol Dependence Questionnaire was applied. Relapse was taken as an outcome variable. Both TAU group and experimental group were followed on standard protocol of treatment.

Results:

The data were analyzed and relative risk (RR) was calculated. Findings revealed the study group receiving CBT had a better outcome and relapse rate was also significantly low in the experimental group as compared to the TAU group.

Conclusion:

The RR of relapse is lower in patients of alcohol dependence on CBT within 6 months and within 1 year as compared to cases on TAU. It is recommended that CBT be used as an adjunct to treatment in alcohol dependence cases.
Correlation of Markers of Inflammation with Hormonal, Metabolic Parameters, Insulin Resistance and Adiposity Indices in First-Degree Relatives of Patient with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Authors: Pradhan Jeeban , Mishra Ipsita , Rattan Roma , Choudhury Arun Kumar , Baliarsinha Anoj Kumar
Published: October 2022

Background:

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a state of chronic low-grade inflammation. Low-grade inflammation has been linked to the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). There is evidence of clustering for metabolic syndrome, hypertension, dyslipidaemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus and insulin resistance (IR) in mothers, fathers, sisters and brothers of women with PCOS.

Aims:

The aim is to study the levels of inflammatory markers and IR in first-degree relatives of patients with PCOS and find any correlation with hormonal parameters, metabolic parameters and adiposity indices in them.

Settings and Design:

A total of 66 first-degree relatives of a patient with PCOS were included in this cross-sectional study.

Materials and Methods:

All participants underwent detailed clinical evaluation and biochemical investigations, including high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), interleukin 6 (IL-6), luteinising hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and total testosterone (only in females). Homeostasis model assessment of IR (HOMA-IR), lipid accumulation product and visceral adiposity index were calculated using standard equations. Visceral adipose tissue thickness and subcutaneous adipose tissue thickness were assessed using ultrasonography.

Statistical Analysis Used:

Spearman's and Pearson's correlation coefficients were used to analyse the correlation between different non-parametric and parametric data, respectively. Multiple linear regression was used to correlate multiple dependent factors.

Results:

The mean hs-CRP level was 2.4 ± 1.1 mg/L, which is greater than the cut-off of 2 mg/L and hs-CRP >2 mg/L was found in 62% (n = 41) participants. The mean IL-6 (3.5 ± 1.1 pg/ml) and total white blood cell count (7244 ± 2190/mm3) were in the normal range. The mean HOMA-IR was 2.35 ± 0.76, which is elevated, considering HOMA IR >2 as a predictor of IR and metabolic syndrome. HOMA IR >2 was found in 64% (n = 42) of the participants. Inflammatory markers were significantly correlated with LH and HOMA IR, even after multiple linear regression was fitted for each marker individually.

Conclusion:

Apparently, healthy first-degree relatives of PCOS patients had evidence of chronic low-grade inflammation. The chronic inflammation in them correlated well with HOMA-IR and LH but was independent of body mass index. This low-grade inflammation may predispose the first-degree relatives of PCOS to CVD.
Возникновение иерархии особенностей в средах
без собственного перепада давления. Двумерный случай
Authors: Aptekarev Alexander Ivanovich , Rykov Yuri Germanovich
Published: October 2022

Рассматриваются обобщенные решения системы уравнений
газовой динамики без давления в случае
двух пространственных переменных.
В отличие от много изучавшегося случая
одной пространственной переменной двумерная ситуация,
а также и вообще многомерная, характеризуется тем,
что сильные особенности могут возникать на многообразиях
разной размерности. Это свойство будем обозначать
как существование иерархии сильных особенностей.
В данной статье показано, что при наличии иерархии особенностей
обобщение соотношений Ренкина-Гюгонио должно быть расширено,
а также приведена форма такого расширения.
На примере начальных данных Римана продемонстрирован
путь построения обобщенного решения
в случае возникновения иерархии особенностей.
Библиография: 28 названий.
Поточечные внедиагональные спектральные асимптотики вблизи точек вырождения
Authors: Ivrii Victor Yakovlevich
Published: October 2022

Мы установим равномерные (по $x$, $y$) квазиклассические асимптотики
и оценки для ядра Шварца $e_h(x,y;\tau)$ спектрального проектора для
эллиптического оператора второго порядка внутри области, удовлетворяющего
условию микрогиперболичности (но не $\xi$-микрогиперболичности). Хотя такие
асимптотики для его сужения на диагональ $e_h(x,x,\tau)$ и особенно для его
следа $\mathsf N_h(\tau)=\int e_h(x,x,\tau) dx$ хорошо известны,
внедиагональные асимптотики исследованы гораздо хуже, особенно
равномерные.
Библиография: 3 названия.
Возмущение простой волны в системе с диссипацией
Authors: Kalyakin Leonid Anatol'evich
Published: October 2022

Рассматривается дифференциальное уравнение, моделирующее движение
доменной стенки. Для него в случае постоянных коэффициентов
существует решение в виде бегущей волны, которое описывает переход
от одного равновесия к другому.
Для уравнения с медленно меняющимися коэффициентами строится
асимптотическое однофазное решение. Фаза находится из уравнения
Гамильтона-Якоби, коэффициенты которого берутся из асимптотики
невозмущенной волны на бесконечности.
В основу асимптотической конструкции положено требование малости
первой поправки по сравнению с главным членом
равномерно в широкой области независимых переменных.
Библиография: 12 названий.
Периодические контрастные структуры в задаче реакция-диффузия
с быстрой реакцией и малой диффузией
Authors: Nefedov Nikolai Nikolaevich
Published: October 2022

В работе проведено исследование нового класса периодических
по времени решений с внутренними переходным слоем уравнений
реакция-адвекция-диффузия в случае быстрой реакции и малой
диффузии. Рассмотрен случай разрыва источников (нелинейности,
описывающей взаимодействие, реакции) при некотором значении искомой
функции, возникающий в ряде актуальных приложений. Доказана теорема
существования, построены асимптотические приближения и доказана
асимптотическая устойчивость по Ляпунову таких решений как решений
соответствующих начально-краевых задач.
Библиография: 18 названий.
Асимптотические решения дискретного уравнения Пенлеве
второго типа
Authors: Novokshenov Victor Yur'evich
Published: October 2022

Найдены классы асимптотических решений
дискретного уравнения Пенлеве второго типа (dPII)
при больших значениях независимой переменной.
Рассмотрены случаи комплексных и чисто вещественных решений,
а также специальные решения,
связанные с представлениями симметрической группы.
Библиография: 16 названий.
Calculation of three-layer plates by methods of vibration theory
Authors: Lavrenko Iaroslav , Chaikovska Olena , Yakovlieva Sofiia
Published: October 2022

A three-layer plate with thick hard outer layers and a thin soft inner layer was studied. A model is considered on the example of an anti-sandwich panel to describe the mechanical behavior of a plate on the example of a solar panel. A review of the scientific literature was conducted, in which models of both analytical and numerical methods for calculating three-layer plates are displayed. The scientific work uses the method of finite element analysis using a spatial shell element, as well as the theory of single- and multi-layer plates. These elements combine the topology of volumetric elements and the kinematic and structural equations of a classical shell element. Shell elements based on continuum mechanics were used for numerical simulation. The study was carried out under static load under different conditions, and also the self-oscillations of the anti-sandwich were analyzed using the theories of Kirchhoff and Reisner-Mindlin. As part of the scientific work, a study of the mechanical model of a thin solar panel was carried out using finite element analysis taking into account different temperature conditions and comparing the results with existing studies
Характеристика та механіко-технологічні властивості ґрунтів зони Поділля і Полісся України
Authors: Корчак Микола
Published: October 2022

Обґрунтовано характеристику та механіко-технологічні властивості ґрунтів зони Поділля і Полісся України. Встановлено, що зміна вологості суглинистих і глинистих ґрунтів викликає зміну питомого опору на 20 – 60 %. Проведено аналіз гранулометричного складу ґрунтів та типів ґрунтоутворення. Встановлено, що важливими техніко-економічними показниками земельних ділянок є довжина гонів та кут нахилу рельєфу поля. Обґрунтовано розподіл площ земельних ділянок за показником питомого опору ґрунту та довжиною гону, кутом нахилу рельєфу поля та умовами роботи машинних агрегатів, а також наведено графічні залежності. Отримані результати впроваджено в навчальний процес Закладу вищої освіти «Подільський державний університет» та включено в навчально-методичний комплекс дисципліни «Механіко-технологічні властивості сільськогосподарських матеріалів». Отримано подальший розвиток досліджень з механіко-технологічних властивостей ґрунтів, що є важливим для планування технологічних карт вирощування сільськогосподарських культур та подальшого проектування машин для обробітку ґрунту.
Курси підвищення кваліфікації як фактор психосоціальної підтримки педагогів в умовах збройного конфлікту міжнародного характеру
Authors: Сирцова Ольга , Шумада Роман
Published: October 2022

Стаття присвячена питанню визначення ролі навчання вчителів на курсах підвищення кваліфікації у стабілізації їхнього психо-емоційного стану за психосоціальної підтримки з боку викладачів під час активної фази збройного конфлікту міжнародного характеру. Дослідження базується на результатах опитування педагогів, яке проведено на засадах добровільності та анонімності. Перевірено та доведено гіпотезу щодо позитивного впливу психосоціальної підтримки педагогів під час проходження ними дистанційних курсів підвищення кваліфікації на задоволення їхніх базових психологічних потреб, що призводить до стабілізації емоційного стану, відновлення швидкості когнітивних процесів під час їхнього перебування в зоні збройного конфлікту. Встановлено наявність залежності між місцем фактичного перебування педагога (вдома на окупованій території; вдома на території, де поруч відбуваються активні бойові дії; вдома на території, підконтрольній Україні; в евакуації на території України; в евакуації за межами України) та переліком тих потреб, які були задоволені під час навчання на дистанційних курсах. Показано, що ефективне навчання педагогів в умовах збройного конфлікту можливе лише за наявності у них системи мотивів, серед яких домінують саме внутрішньо-позитивні. Досягнення ефективності та результативності навчання можливе також за умови задоволення потреби слухачів у структурі, яка реалізується за створення певних щоденно повторюваних алгоритмів та ритуалів пізнавальної діяльності слухачів курсів та візуалізації та схематизації запропонованих матеріалів. Важливу роль відіграють процес взаємодії слухачів курсі під час групової роботи на вебінарах, а також застосування техніки прогресивної м'язової релаксації, техніки дихання, тілесно-орієнтованої техніки та техніки позитивного мислення. Вчителі розглядають проходження курсів підвищення кваліфікації під час активної фази збройного конфлікту як можливість відволіктися від від думок про війну, стабілізувати власний емоційний стан. Однак, для третини слухачів курси є викликом, випробуванням, коли існують постійні проблеми з електрикою та зв’язком, та додатковим психологічним тиском. Отже, підвищення кваліфікації педагогічних працівників під час активної фази збройного конфлікту має здійснюватися суто на засадах добровільності.
Особливості підготовки магістрів при викладанні дисципліни «Управління технологічними процесами в рослинництві»
Authors: Корчак Микола
Published: October 2022

Розглянуті критерії оцінки ефективності формування структури творчого системного мислення, приведені інноваційні методи навчання для підготовки магістрів при викладанні дисципліни «Управління технологічними процесами в рослинництві». Описано результати вивчення дисципліни та перелік основних компетентностей, необхідних для її засвоєння. Розглянуто основні результати оптимізації навчально-методичного комплексу викладання дисципліни «Управління технологічними процесами в рослинництві» та запропоновано напрями вдосконалення навчального процесу. Критеріями оцінки ефективності інженерного навчання магістрів, які бажають працювати в інженерному управлінні, може служити їх здібність здійснювати системний аналіз проблемної ситуації, технічної системи; відокремлювати із створеної ситуації задачу і конкретно її формулювати; генерувати оригінальні технічні ідеї; висувати гіпотези; адекватно формулювати отримані результати; проводити ціленаправлений  багатоваріантний пошук розв’язку творчої задачі або проблеми; обдумано відкидати власну інерцію мислення; цілеспрямовано здійснювати прогноз розвитку технічних систем; вміння проводити консультації, надаючи клієнтам необхідну науково-технічну інформацію стосовно проблеми. Результати досліджень впроваджені в навчальний процес Закладу вищої освіти «Подільський державний університет». Отримано подальший розвиток досліджень з підготовки здобувачів вищої освіти освітнього ступеня «Магістр» при викладанні дисципліни «Управління технологічними процесами в рослинництві».