bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Permafrost warming near the northern limit of permafrost on the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau during the period from 2005 to 2017: A case study in the Xidatan area
Authors: Liu Guangyue , Xie Changwei , Zhao Lin , Xiao Yao , Wu Tonghua , Wang Wu , Liu Wenhui
Published: November 2020

Permafrost that exists near the boundary of the permafrost zone is generally more sensitive to climate change. By analyzing ground temperatures observed from two 30‐m‐deep boreholes, a case study was conducted to present some characteristics of recent permafrost warming in the Xidatan area, near the northern limit of the permafrost zone on the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau. The rate of permafrost degradation from top to bottom in the area was far less than that from bottom to top. Local conditions produced spatial differences in permafrost characteristics, and thus the site covered by alpine meadow had a thinner active layer and lower rate of change than the site with desert steppe. With permafrost warming, the depths of zero annual amplitude at the two sites showed significant decreasing trends, suggesting that the warming could change the proportion of unfrozen water and ice in permafrost, and then lead to a decrease in the mean thermal diffusivity of formation. Mean annual permafrost temperatures at depth of zero annual amplitude of the two boreholes were respectively −0.4°C and −0.7°C, indicating that high‐temperature permafrost is widely distributed in the study area. The lower temperature permafrost had a higher warming rate and a higher upward shift rate of the permafrost base. The pattern of permafrost degradation near the limit of permafrost was characterized by nonuniform speed and staged development.
Rubinoboletus ballouii polysaccharides exhibited immunostimulatory activities through toll‐like receptor‐4 via NF‐κB pathway
Authors: Li Long‐Fei , Yue Grace G.‐L. , Chan Ben C.‐L. , Zeng Qiang , Han Quan‐Bin , Leung Ping‐Chung , Fung Kwok‐Pui , Liu Ji‐Kai , Lau Clara B.‐S.
Published: November 2020

The biological activities of water‐soluble components of edible mushroom Rubinoboletus ballouii (RB) were seldom reported. Polysaccharides of RB (RBP) were prepared and well‐characterized using chemical analyses. The immunomodulatory properties of RBP were investigated using human monocyte‐derived dendritic cells (moDC) in vitro, and cyclophosphamide (CTX)‐induced immunosuppressive mouse model. Results showed that RBP was found to contain 80.6% (w/w) of neutral sugars including D‐fucose, D‐mannose, D‐glucose and D‐galactose (1.7:1.4:1.0:1.8), and 12.5% (w/w) of proteins, which composed of glutamine, threonine, serine, etc. RBP could promote the maturation of moDC and increase the secretion of IL‐12p40, IL‐10, and TNF‐α. Furthermore, the stimulation of IL‐12p40 production was inhibited by pretreatment with toll‐like receptor (TLR)‐4 blocker or NF‐κB pathway blocker, suggesting that the activation of moDC by RBP was mediated through NF‐κB pathway via TLR‐4 receptor. On the other hand, in CTX‐treated mice, RBP restored the loss of CD34brightCD45dim hematopoietic stem cells and increased IL‐2 production in sera and splenocytes culture supernatant, as well as up‐regulated the percentage of CD4+ T helper lymphocyte in mice splenocytes. These findings strongly suggested that RBP are the active ingredients of RB responsible for its immunostimulatory actions and deserved to be further investigated as cancer supplements.
Separation and characterization of impurities and isomers in cefpirome sulfate by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry and a summary of the fragmentation pathways of oxime‐type cephalosporins
Authors: Ren Xiaojuan , Zhou Jinjin , Wang Jian
Published: November 2020

Rationale

Although the identification of degradation products of cefpirome sulfate has been reported, there has been no report concerning the impurities in bulk samples of this compound. To meet the requirements of the International Council for Harmonization of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use, the structures of impurities whose content are over 0.1% need to be confirmed. Thus, characterization of the impurities in cefpirome sulfate bulk samples is critical for controlling the production of this drug.

Methods

The structures of cefpirome sulfate impurities were investigated using two‐dimensional liquid chromatography (LC) coupled to electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. In the first LC dimension, a Kromasil 100‐5C18 column (4.6 mm × 250 mm, 5 μm) was used, and the mobile phases were 0.03 M ammonium dihydrogen phosphate solution and acetonitrile. In the second dimension, the column was a Shimadzu Shim‐pack GISS C18 column (50 mm × 2.1 mm, 1.9 μm), and the mobile phases were 10 mM ammonium formate solution and methanol. An ion trap time‐of‐flight mass spectrometer operated in both positive and negative ion mode was employed in this study.

Results

Nine impurities and isomers in cefpirome sulfate, eight of which were previously unknown, were separated and characterized. Structures were proposed for the eight unknown compounds based on the MSn fragmentation data. The degradation behavior of cefpirome sulfate was also studied.

Conclusions

Based on the characterization of impurities and isomers, this study could be used to improve the quality control of the cefpirome sulfate drug recommended in pharmacopoeias. The degradation behavior of cefpirome sulfate provides a basis for the selection of storage conditions.
A randomized construction of high girth regular graphs
Authors: Linial Nati , Simkin Michael
Published: November 2020

We describe a new random greedy algorithm for generating regular graphs of high girth: Let k ≥ 3 and c ∈ (0, 1) be fixed. Let ℕ be even and set . Begin with a Hamilton cycle G on n vertices. As long as the smallest degree , choose, uniformly at random, two vertices u, v ∈ V(G) of degree whose distance is at least g − 1. If there are no such vertex pairs, abort. Otherwise, add the edge uv to E(G). We show that with high probability this algorithm yields a k‐regular graph with girth at least g. Our analysis also implies that there are labeled k‐regular n‐vertex graphs with girth at least g.
Stay focused and reduce stress while working from home, meeting virtually
Authors: Sutton Halley
Published: November 2020

Working from home while managing seemingly endless virtual conference meetings and the anxiety and stress over the COVID‐19 pandemic might have made it difficult to focus during the last few months, or to feel productive. At a virtual session for the annual conference for the Society for College and University Planning, Beth Ziesenis, owner of Your Nerdy Best Friend, shared tips for making working from home more productive, fun, and focused. Read on for her suggestions.
The top 5 FERPA sections: Practical applications, what happens when someone really messes up, part 5
Authors: Rainsberger Richard
Published: November 2020

Four or five years ago, one of my registrar colleagues contacted me. He asked what I would do if a professor had posted students’ grades on the class website and identified the students by the last four digits of their Social Security number. I asked, rather facetiously, if he wanted an answer from the students’ viewpoint or from a registrar's perspective.
Extent of absent end‐diastolic flow in umbilical artery and outcome of pregnancy
Authors: Kinoshita M. , Thuring A. , Morsing E. , Maršál K.
Published: November 2020

Objective

To investigate if the extent of absent end‐diastolic flow (AEDF) on umbilical artery (UA) Doppler velocimetry predicts pregnancy outcome.

Methods

This was a retrospective observational study based on data from 25 000 Doppler examinations of UA flow performed between 1998 and 2017 at the Blood Flow Laboratory, Level III Perinatal Center, Lund, Sweden. All pregnancies with AEDF in the UA were identified, and the duration of AEDF as a proportion of the total duration of the cardiac cycle (Ta/Ttot ratio) was measured in digital images of the Doppler spectrum recorded at the last examination showing AEDF before delivery. Clinical data on pregnancies and neonatal outcomes were extracted from the regional perinatal database and the hospital patient records. The predictive performance of the Ta/Ttot ratio for intrauterine death and any (intrauterine or postnatal) death was assessed.

Results

A total of 170 fetuses (122 (72%) singletons and 48 (28%) twins) were included in the study. Median gestational age at birth was 189.5 days (range, 163–279 days) (i.e. 27 + 0 weeks (range, 23 + 2 to 39 + 6 weeks)), birth weight was 650 g (range, 320–3326 g) and deviation from expected birth weight (standard deviation score) was –2.975 (range, –6.38 to 0.69). There were 15 (9%) intrauterine and 26 (15%) postnatal deaths. The principal outcome variables and their relationship with Doppler velocimetry results did not differ significantly between singletons and twins, giving a rationale for using the Ta/Ttot ratio in the total study group. Mean Ta/Ttot ratio was 0.42 ± 0.08 and 0.34 ± 0.08 in stillborn and liveborn fetuses, respectively (P = 0.002). For fetuses examined before 30 weeks' gestation, a Ta/Ttot ratio cut‐off of 0.30 predicted intrauterine death with 92% sensitivity and a negative predictive value (NPV) of 98% (area under receiver‐operating‐characteristics curve (AUC), 0.74) and predicted any death with 83% sensitivity and a NPV of 85% (AUC, 0.66).

Conclusions

In fetuses with AEDF in the UA, duration of absent flow for at least 30% of the total cardiac cycle length might predict the risk of fetal demise, even when assessed before 30 weeks' gestation. This finding is particularly relevant to growth‐restricted fetuses. After evaluation in further studies, the extent of AEDF might facilitate obstetric decision‐making in very preterm growth‐restricted fetuses. © 2020 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Ultrasound imaging of slings and meshes in urogynecology
Authors: Shek K. L. , Dietz H. P.
Published: November 2020

Imaging is used increasingly in urogynecology. One of the main applications is in the assessment of synthetic implants. Ultrasound is particularly useful for this purpose as most such implants appear highly echogenic on ultrasound but are not visible using other imaging techniques. The worldwide success of synthetic mid‐urethral slings, introduced in the late 90s, led to the subsequent introduction of transvaginal mesh in 2003–2004. Widespread use of synthetic implants for both urinary incontinence and prolapse has caused a rise in implant‐related complications and increasing negative publicity and litigation, with many products removed from the market. It is not surprising that there is increasing demand for the assessment and evaluation of sling and mesh implants using imaging. This review article discusses the role of translabial/transperineal ultrasound in the evaluation of synthetic implants used in the treatment of urinary incontinence and pelvic organ prolapse. The discussion focuses on those applications of the technique that are useful for surgeons dealing with patients after mesh and/or sling placement. © 2020 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Reframing spatial frames of reference: What can aging tell us about egocentric and allocentric navigation?
Authors: Ladyka‐Wojcik Natalia , Barense Morgan D.
Published: November 2020

Representations of space in mind are crucial for navigation, facilitating processes such as remembering landmark locations, understanding spatial relationships between objects, and integrating routes. A significant problem, however, is the lack of consensus on how these representations are encoded and stored in memory. Specifically, the nature of egocentric and allocentric frames of reference in human memory is widely debated. Yet, in recent investigations of the spatial domain across the lifespan, these distinctions in mnemonic spatial frames of reference have identified age‐related impairments. In this review, we survey the ways in which different terms related to spatial representations in memory have been operationalized in past aging research and suggest a taxonomy to provide a common language for future investigations and theoretical discussion.

This article is categorized under:

Psychology > Memory

Neuroscience > Cognition

Psychology > Development and Aging
Warped flatland
Authors: Detournay Stéphane , Merbis Wout , Ng Gim Seng , Wutte Raphaela
Published: November 2020

Abstract

We study warped flat geometries in three-dimensional topologically massive gravity. They are quotients of global warped flat spacetime, whose isometries are given by the 2-dimensional centrally extended Poincaré algebra. The latter can be obtained as a certain scaling limit of Warped AdS3 space with a positive cosmological constant. We discuss the causal structure of the resulting spacetimes using projection diagrams. We study their charges and thermodynamics, together with asymptotic Killing vectors preserving a consistent set of boundary conditions including them. The asymptotic symmetry group is given by a Warped CFT algebra, with a vanishing current level. A generalization of the derivation of the Warped CFT Cardy formula applies in this case, reproducing the entropy of the warped flat cosmological spacetimes.
Giant Wilson loops and AdS2/dCFT1
Authors: Giombi Simone , Jiang Jiaqi , Komatsu Shota
Published: November 2020

Abstract

The 1/2-BPS Wilson loop in$$ \mathcal{N} $$N= 4 supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory is an important and well-studied example of conformal defect. In particular, much work has been done for the correlation functions of operator insertions on the Wilson loop in the fundamental representation. In this paper, we extend such analyses to Wilson loops in the large-rank symmetric and antisymmetric representations, which correspond to probe D3 and D5 branes withAdS2× S2andAdS2× S4worldvolume geometries, ending at theAdS5boundary along a one-dimensional contour. We first compute the correlation functions of protected scalar insertions from supersymmetric localization, and obtain a representation in terms of multiple integrals that are similar to the eigenvalue integrals of the random matrix, but with important differences. Using ideas from the Fermi Gas formalism and the Clustering method, we evaluate their largeNlimit exactly as a function of the ’t Hooft coupling. The results are given by simple integrals of polynomials that resemble theQ-functions of the Quantum Spectral Curve, with integration measures depending on the number of insertions. Next, we study the correlation functions of fluctuations on the probe D3 and D5 branes in AdS. We compute a selection of three- and four-point functions from perturbation theory on the D-branes, and show that they agree with the results of localization when restricted to supersymmetric kinematics. We also explain how the difference of the internal geometries of the D3 and D5 branes manifests itself in the localization computation.
Enhancing sensitivities to long-lived particles with high granularity calorimeters at the LHC
Authors: Liu Jia , Liu Zhen , Wang Lian-Tao , Wang Xiao-Ping
Published: November 2020

Abstract

The search for long-lived particles (LLP) is an exciting physics opportunity in the upcoming runs of the Large Hadron Collider. In this paper, we focus on a new search strategy of using the High Granularity Calorimeter (HGCAL), part of the upgrade of the CMS detector, in such searches. In particular, we demonstrate that the high granularity of the calorimeter allows us to see “shower tracks” in the calorimeter, and can play a crucial role in identifying the signal and suppressing the background. We study the potential reach of the HGCAL using a signal model in which the Standard Model Higgs boson decays into a pair of LLPs, h → XX. After carefully estimating the Standard Model QCD and the misreconstructed fake-track backgrounds, we give the projected reach for both an existing vector boson fusion trigger and a novel displaced-track-based trigger. Our results show that the best reach for the Higgs decay branching ratio, BR(h → XX), in the vector boson fusion channel is about $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
(10−4) with lifetime cτX ∼ 0.1–1 meters, while for the gluon gluon fusion channel it is about $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
(10−5–10−6) for similar lifetimes. For longer lifetime cτX ∼ 103 meters, our search could probe BR(h → XX) down to a few ×10−4(10−2) in the gluon gluon fusion (vector boson fusion) channels, respectively. In comparison with these previous searches, our new search shows enhanced sensitivity in complementary regions of the LLP parameter space. We also comment on many improvements can be implemented to further improve our proposed search.
Gauges in three-dimensional gravity and holographic fluids
Authors: Ciambelli Luca , Marteau Charles , Petropoulos P. Marios , Ruzziconi Romain
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Solutions to Einstein’s vacuum equations in three dimensions are locally maximally symmetric. They are distinguished by their global properties and their investigation often requires a choice of gauge. Although analyses of this sort have been performed abundantly, several relevant questions remain. These questions include the interplay between the standard Bondi gauge and the Eddington-Finkelstein type of gauge used in the fluid/gravity holographic reconstruction of these spacetimes, as well as the Fefferman-Graham gauge, when available i.e. in anti de Sitter. The goal of the present work is to set up a thorough dictionary for the available descriptions with emphasis on the relativistic or Carrollian holographic fluids, which portray the bulk from the boundary in anti-de Sitter or flat instances. A complete presentation of residual diffeomorphisms with a preliminary study of their algebra accompanies the situations addressed here.
Medikamentöse Sekundärprävention bei Patienten mit peripherer arterieller Verschlusskrankheit
Authors: Gebauer Katrin , Wintersohl Kerstin , Kraska Rike , Kortendick Katja , Fahrland Ulrike , Freisinger Eva , Meyborg Matthias , Stella Jacqueline , Engelbertz Christiane , Reinecke Holger , Malyar Nasser
Published: November 2020

Hintergrund

Die periphere arterielle Verschlusskrankheit (pAVK) ist eine atherosklerotische Gefäßerkrankung mit hoher Morbidität und Mortalität. Eine konsequente medikamentöse Sekundärprävention gehört zur essenziellen und evidenzbasierten Therapie der pAVK. Das Ziel der vorliegenden Studie war es, den Status quo der medikamentösen Sekundärprävention anhand von Rezepteinlösungen zu ermitteln.

Methoden

Basierend auf Sekundärdaten der Kassenärztlichen Vereinigung Westfalen-Lippe (KVWL), wurden im Zeitraum von 2014 bis 2017 Patienten mit einer gesicherten pAVK-Kodierung (I70.2-/I73.9-) identifiziert und deren Rezepteinlösung bezüglich Thrombozytenaggregationshemmern (TAH), oralen Antikoagulanzien, lipidmodifizierender Medikation (LLT) sowie ACE(„angiotensin-converting enzyme“)-Hemmer im 4. Quartal nach der Diagnosekodierung erfasst.

Ergebnisse

Im Diagnosezeitraum 2014/2015 hatten im Einzugsgebiet KVWL 238.397 Patienten eine pAVK. Der Anteil an eingelösten Rezepten betrug im 4. Quartal nach der Diagnosestellung 25,9 % für LLT, 13,6 % für Acetylsalicylsäure, 4,5 % für Clopidogrel, 5,5 % für Vitamin-K-Antagonisten (VKA), 3,5 % für nicht-Vitamin-K-abhängige orale Antikoagulanzien (NOAK) und 26,8 % für ACE-Hemmer. Im Verlauf von 3 Jahren (n = 241.375 Patienten mit pAVK 2016/2017) stieg der Anteil an eingelösten Rezepten bis auf VKA für alle anderen Substanzen an (p < 0,001), wobei der größte relative Anstieg bei NOAK zu verzeichnen war (relativer Anstieg um 81,7 %).

Schlussfolgerung

Die leitliniengerechte medikamentöse Sekundärprävention bei pAVK-Patienten in Deutschland ist weiterhin verbesserungswürdig. Eine konsequente Umsetzung evidenzbasierter medikamentöser Sekundärprävention beherbergt ein großes Potenzial zur Verbesserung der Gesamtprognose der pAVK-Patienten.
Correction to: Diagnostic accuracy of spleen stiffness to evaluate portal hypertension and esophageal varices in chronic liver disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Hu Xing , Huang Xiaojie , Hou Jianhua , Ding Lei , Su Chunling , Meng Fankun
Published: November 2020

The original version of this article, published on 24 September 2020, unfortunately contained a mistake.
Inequalities in access to minimally invasive general surgery: a comprehensive nationwide analysis across 20 years
Authors: Schneider Marcel André , Gero Daniel , Müller Matteo , Horisberger Karoline , Rickenbacher Andreas , Turina Matthias
Published: November 2020

Background

Minimally invasive surgery (MIS) has profoundly changed standards of care and lowered perioperative morbidity, but its temporal implementation and factors favoring MIS access remain elusive. We aimed to comprehensibly investigate MIS adoption across different surgical procedures over 20 years, identify predictors for MIS amenability and compare propensity score-matched outcomes among MIS and open surgery.

Methods

Nationwide retrospective analysis of all hospitalizations in Switzerland between 1998 and 2017. Appendectomies (n = 186,929), cholecystectomies (n = 57,788), oncological right (n = 9138) and left hemicolectomies (n = 21,580), rectal resections (n = 13,989) and gastrectomies for carcinoma (n = 6606) were included. Endpoints were assessment of temporal MIS implementation, identification of predictors for MIS access and comparison of propensity score-matched outcomes among MIS and open surgery.

Results

The rates of MIS increased for all procedures during the study period (p ≤ 0.001). While half of all appendectomies were performed laparoscopically by 2005, minimally invasive oncological colorectal resections reached 50% only by 2016. Multivariate analyses identified older age (p ≤ 0.02, except gastrectomy), higher comorbidities (p ≤ 0.001, except rectal resections), lack of private insurance (p ≤ 0.01) as well as rural residence (p ≤ 0.01) with impaired access to MIS. Rural residence correlated with low income regions (p ≤ 0.001), which themselves were associated with decreased MIS access. Geographical mapping confirmed strong disparities for rural and low-income areas in MIS access. Matched outcome analyses revealed benefits of MIS for length of stay, decreased surgical site infection rates for MIS appendectomies and cholecystectomies and higher mortality for open cholecystectomies. No consistent morbidity or mortality benefit for MIS compared to open colorectal resections was observed.

Conclusion

Unequal access to MIS exists in disfavor of older and more comorbid patients and those lacking private insurance, living in rural areas, and having lower income. Efforts should be made to ensure equal MIS access regardless of socioeconomic or geographical factors.
Discrete event optimization of a vehicle charging station with multiple sockets
Authors: Ferro Giulio , Minciardi Riccardo , Parodi Luca , Robba Michela
Published: November 2020

The relevance and presence of Electric Vehicles (EVs) are increasing all over the world since they seem an effective way to fight pollution and greenhouse gas emissions, especially in urban areas. One of the main issues related to EVs is the necessity of modifying the existing infrastructure to allow the installation of new charging stations (CSs). In this scenario, one of the most important problems is the definition of smart policies for the sequencing and scheduling of the vehicle charging process. The presence of intermittent energy sources and variable execution times represent just a few of the specific features concerning vehicle charging systems. Even though optimization problems regarding energy systems are usually considered within a discrete time setting, in this paper a discrete event approach is proposed. The fundamental reason for this choice is the necessity of limiting the number of the decision variables, which grows beyond reasonable values when a short time discretization step is chosen. The considered optimization problem regards the charging of a series of vehicles by a CS connected with a renewable energy source, a storage element, and the main grid. The objective function to be minimized results from the weighted sum of the (net) cost for purchasing energy from the external grid, the weighted tardiness of the services provided to the customers, and a cost related to the occupancy of the socket during the charging. The approach is tested on a real case study. The limited computational burden allows also the implementation in real-case applications.
The Effect of Housework on Wages: A Study of Migrants and Native-Born Individuals in Germany
Authors: Fendel Tanja
Published: November 2020

To increase labour market participation among migrants, an increase in female labour market participation is important, with wages being a significant incentive. In research on the gender wage gap, the consideration of housework has been a milestone. Gender differences in housework time have always been much greater among migrants than among native-born individuals. Based on data obtained from the German Socio-Economic Panel from 1995 to 2017, this study questioned whether housework affects the wages of migrant full-time workers differently than those of their native-born counterparts. To consider the possible endogeneity of housework in the wage equation, the analysis estimated, in addition to an OLS model, a hybrid model to estimate within effects. Significant negative effects of housework on wages resulted for migrant women and native-born individuals. The effects for migrant men were significantly smaller or insignificant, which could not be explained by threshold effects. The greater amount of time spent on housework by migrant women than by native-born women will in general lead to a larger wage decrease due to housework for migrant women than for native-born women. The results further showed that the observed variables explained very little of the migrants’ gender wage gap, in contrast to the gap of native-born individuals. Human capital returns, including education and work experiences, were much lower for migrant women than for native-born women, whereas differences in housework equally contributed to the explained share of the gap for both groups, indicating the greater relevance of housework for migrants’ wage gap.
Crystallization of polylactide-based green composites filled with oil-rich waste fillers
Authors: Mysiukiewicz Olga , Barczewski Mateusz
Published: November 2020

Polylactide is a highly demanded biopolymer, whose industrial application constantly increases. Its disadvantages such as brittleness and slow crystallization rate can be overcome by application of different additives. Because of environmental issues, using natural waste fillers as modifying agents for polylactide is especially interesting. In this study linseed cake, a byproduct of oil extraction from linseed, characterized by oil content of 0.9–39.8 wt.%, was added to polylactide to influence its crystallization behavior. The formation of the crystalline phase was studied by differential scanning calorimetry in isothermal and non-isothermal conditions and analyzed according to methods by Jeziorny, Ozawa, Mo and Avrami. The samples’ microstructures were observed using polarized light microscopy. The crystallization rate and Avrami exponent of samples crystallized in different conditions were evaluated. It was found that addition of 10 wt.% of linseed cake containing at least 17.7 wt.% oil notably changes the crystallization of polylactide, increasing its crystallinity and promoting the growth of crystallites.
Methodological insights on measurement and evaluation of compulsive buying behavior among young consumers in Poland: the case of compulsive- and non-compulsive buyers
Authors: Tarka Piotr , Babaev Jasurbek
Published: November 2020

In this study we focused on the methodological insights, the measurement and evaluation of compulsive buying tendencies among young consumers in Poland. We administered the Compulsive Buying Scale (CBS) developed by d’Astous et al. (in: Goldberg, Gorn, Pollay (eds) Advances in consumer research, Association for Consumer Research, Provo, 1990) for North America and adapted it to the Polish population. Then used the data to develop a Polish version of the Compulsive Buying Scale (P-CBS). The study extended previous methodological work on new consumers’ culture, and more importantly, investigated the compulsive buying in two groups of consumers: compulsive- and non-compulsive buyers. The sample comprised 504 young Polish citizens, aged between 17 and 25 years. In the complex analytical process, we replicated the three-dimensional structure of the CBS scale (d'Astous et al. 1990): the ‘Tendency to Spend’, a 'Reactive Aspect' of compulsive buying, and 'Post Purchase Guilt'. This process included the following steps: the translation of the items, an exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, based on latent variables theory, and a reliability and validity analysis. Data analyses indicated a satisfactory reliability and validity of the P-CBS. Research findings are presented across the sample and the subsamples of compulsive buyers and non-compulsive buyers.
Suitcase Lab: new, portable, and deployable equipment for rapid detection of specific harmful algae in Chilean coastal waters
Authors: Fujiyoshi So , Yarimizu Kyoko , Miyashita Yohei , Rilling Joaquín , Acuña Jacquelinne J. , Ueki Shoko , Gajardo Gonzalo , Espinoza-González Oscar , Guzmán Leonardo , Jorquera Milko A. , Nagai Satoshi , Maruyama Fumito
Published: November 2020

Phytoplankton blooms, including harmful algal blooms (HABs), have serious impacts on ecosystems, public health, and productivity activities. Rapid detection and monitoring of marine microalgae are important in predicting and managing HABs. We developed a toolkit, the Suitcase Lab, to detect harmful algae species in the field. We demonstrated the Suitcase Lab’s capabilities for sampling, filtration, DNA extraction, and loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) detection in cultured Alexandrium catenella cells as well as Chilean coastal waters from four sites: Repollal, Isla García, Puerto Montt, and Metri. A LAMP assay using the Suitcase Lab in the field confirmed microscopic observations of A. catenella in samples from Repollal and Isla García. The Suitcase Lab allowed the rapid detection of A. catenella, within 2 h from the time of sampling, even at a single cell per milliliter concentrations, demonstrating its usefulness for quick and qualitative on-site diagnosis of target toxic algae species. This method is applicable not only to detecting harmful algae but also to other field studies that seek a rapid molecular diagnostic test.
Sustainability nudges in the context of customer co-design for consumer electronics
Authors: Hankammer Stephan , Kleer Robin , Piller Frank T.
Published: November 2020

In this study, we shed light on the unexplored potential of customer co-design in a mass customization (MC) setting to contribute to the promotion of sustainable consumption. We theoretically derive and empirically test several opportunities for companies to improve sustainable consumption and production in a joint effort with consumers. Our research bridges between the MC and the sustainability literature and shows that MC enables consumers to cohere attitude and action, based on individual sustainability preferences. We empirically assess whether MC companies can nudge their customers successfully towards more sustainable choices by designing sustainability-based starting solutions (Study 1) and by providing transparent sustainability information (Study 2) in MC configuration systems. We do so by portraying a simulated online buying process of a customizable TV with a realistic web-based product configurator. We find that sustainable defaults can play a significant role in promoting sustainable consumption, while providing detailed sustainability information does not show an effect. To get more insights into our results, we discuss the results on a supplementary qualitative analysis based on think-aloud consumer tests (Study 3), revealing several suggestions for further research. Using these findings, we revisit sustainability information in Study 4 and find that intuitive labels significantly influence consumers to choose more sustainably.
Soziologie – Corona – Kritik
Authors: Lessenich Stephan
Published: November 2020

Die COVID-19-Pandemie läutet kein neues gesellschaftliches Zeitalter ein. Die bislang erkennbaren Mechanismen ihrer Bearbeitung sind vielmehr Ausweis jener strukturellen sozioökonomischen und soziopolitischen Krisendynamik, die als Signatur des demokratischen Kapitalismus gelten muss. Ebenso wenig sollte das herrschende Krisenmanagement als eine die kapitalistische Akkumulations- und Profitlogik zumindest vorübergehend stillstellende „Politik des Lebens“ missverstanden werden: Es sind vielmehr nur bestimmte Leben, deren Schutz und Rettung sich die Regierungen der demokratisch-kapitalistischen Industrienationen verschrieben haben. Gegenüber einer zeitdiagnostischen Adaption der beliebten Lebensberatungssemantik der „Krise als Chance“ ist daher Zurückhaltung geboten. Eine Chance aber könnten die gegenwärtigen Umstände tatsächlich für die Soziologie bieten: Wenn sie nämlich endlich aufhören würde, ihre unvermeidlich in gesellschaftspolitische Gestaltungsprozesse involvierte Praxis als eine „unideologische“, „wertfreie“ und politisch „neutrale“ zu verkennen.
On the Formation of Eutectics in Variations of the Al10Co25Cr8Fe15Ni36Ti6 Compositionally Complex Alloy
Authors: Manzoni A. M. , Dubois F. , Mousa M. S. , von Schlippenbach C. , Többens D. M. , Yesilcicek Y. , Zaiser E. , Hesse R. , Haas S. , Glatzel U.
Published: November 2020

Superalloy inspired Al10Co25Cr8Fe15Ni36Ti6 compositionally complex alloy is known for its γ-γ′ microstructure and the third Heusler phase. Variations of this alloy, gained by replacing 0.5 or 1 at. pct Al by the equivalent amount of Mo, W, Zr, Hf or B, can show more phases in addition to this three-phase morphology. When the homogenization temperature is chosen too high, a eutectic phase formation can take place at the grain boundaries, depending on the trace elements: Mo and W do not form eutectics while Hf, Zr and B do. In order to avoid the eutectic formation and the potential implied grain boundary weakening, the homogenization temperature must be chosen carefully by differential scanning calorimetry measurements. A too low homogenization temperature, however, could impede the misorientation alignment of the dendrites in the grain. The influence of grain boundary phases and incomplete dendrite re-orientation are compared and discussed.
The Gut Ecosystem: A Critical Player in Stroke
Authors: Delgado Jiménez Rosa , Benakis Corinne
Published: November 2020

The intestinal microbiome is emerging as a critical factor in health and disease. The microbes, although spatially restricted to the gut, are communicating and modulating the function of distant organs such as the brain. Stroke and other neurological disorders are associated with a disrupted microbiota. In turn, stroke-induced dysbiosis has a major impact on the disease outcome by modulating the immune response. In this review, we present current knowledge on the role of the gut microbiome in stroke, one of the most devastating brain disorders worldwide with very limited therapeutic options, and we discuss novel insights into the gut-immune-brain axis after an ischemic insult. Understanding the nature of the gut bacteria-brain crosstalk may lead to microbiome-based therapeutic approaches that can improve patient recovery.
The solvent and treatment regimen of sodium selenite cause its effects to vary on the radiation response of human bronchial cells from tumour and normal tissues
Authors: Manda Katrin , Kriesen Stephan , Hildebrandt Guido
Published: November 2020

Sodium selenite is often given to moderate the side effects of cancer therapy to enhance the cellular defence of non-cancerous cells. To determine whether sodium selenite during radiotherapy protects not only normal cells but also cancer cells, which would imply a reduction of the desired effect of irradiation on tumour during radiotherapy, the effect of the combined treatment of irradiation and sodium selenite was investigated. Human bronchial cells from carcinoma (A549) and normal tissue (BEAS-2B) were treated with sodium selenite and effects on growth and in combination with radiation on metabolic activity and cell cycle distribution were studied. The influence on radiosensitivity was determined via colony forming assays using different solvents of sodium selenite and treatment schedules. It was shown that sodium selenite inhibits growth and influences cell cycle distribution of both normal and tumour cells. Metabolic activity of normal cells decreased more rapidly compared to that of cancer cells. The influence of sodium selenite on radiation response depended on the different treatment schedules and was strongly affected by the solvent of the agent. It could be shown that the effect of sodium selenite on radiation response is strongly dependent on the respective experimental in vitro conditions and ranges from lead to an initially suspected but ultimately no real radioprotection to radiosensitizing up to no effect in one and the same cell line. This might be a reason for controversially described cell responses to radiation under the influence of sodium selenite in studies so far.
Protective Activity of Aβ on Cell Cultures (PC12 and THP-1 after Differentiation) Preincubated with Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)
Authors: Wiatrak Benita , Balon Katarzyna
Published: November 2020

Amyloid-β (Aβ), the influence of which is considered the pathomechanism of Alzheimer’s disease, is also present in healthy people. The microbiome’s impact is also taken into account, where bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) activates inflammatory processes and stimulates microglia via TLRs. Molecules of bacterial origin can co-create senile plaques with Aβ. This study evaluated the activity of physiological Aβ concentrations on neuronal and microglial cells after preincubation with LPS. Two cell lines were used in the study: PC12 cells differentiated with NGF and THP-1 cells differentiated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA). Cells were incubated with LPS at concentrations of 1–100 μM for 24 h and then with Aβ25–35 at a concentration of 0.001 μM or 1.0 μM for another 24 h. The viability of the culture and free oxygen radicals and the number of DNA strand breaks in both cell lines were evaluated. Additionally, for PC12 cells, neural features were assessed. Stimulation of repair processes in the presence of Aβ was observed for both studied cell lines. There was a decrease in free radical level and DNA damage number compared to control cultures (cells treated with LPS and without Aβ). The neurotrophic activity of Aβ was observed—the effect on neurites’ growth even after the preincubation of PC12 cells with LPS. At the lowest concentration of LPS used, the increase in neurite length was about 50% greater than in the negative control. At low concentrations, Aβ has a protective effect on neuron-like PC12 cells pretreated with LPS.
An exploration of organized crime in Italian ports from an institutional perspective. Presence and activities
Authors: Antonelli Marco
Published: November 2020

The article will present the results of a qualitative research into organized crime in the Italian port system. It is a pioneering attempt to assess an extensive and diachronic perspective on the presence and activities of organized crime groups into the Italian seaports in order to provide a systematic analytical map through the analysis of institutional law enforcement reports. The article attempts to shed light on an overlooked topic, analytically relevant insofar as it examines OCGs’s activities in a specific and particular space representing an opportunity to obtain profits and social connections. Moreover, it analyses OCGs tendency to be involved in legal and illegal businesses, their ability to persist in space and time, and their skills in moving abroad.

The results show that organized crime activities are permanent and largely widespread in the main harbours all over the country, particularly in Ancona, Cagliari, Genova and Gioia Tauro; organized crime groups operate mostly in illegal business and in particular in illicit trafficking of drugs, cigarettes and counterfeit goods; the Italian mafia ‘ndrangheta seems to be able to persist in space and time within several seaports. The study shows that simultaneous processes of specialization in illegal markets and diversification in seaports are ongoing.
Peritoneal dissemination of breast cancer diagnosed by laparoscopy
Authors: Nakagawa Tsuyoshi , Oda Goshi , Kikuchi Akifumi , Saito Toshifumi , Fujioka Tomoyuki , Kubota Kazunori , Mori Mio , Onishi Iichiro , Uetake Hiroyuki
Published: November 2020

The accuracy of modern imaging techniques for the diagnosis of peritoneal carcinomatosis is poor. A breast cancer patient with a high serum CA15-3 level did not receive a definitive diagnosis of peritoneal dissemination by imaging examination and then underwent laparoscopy. Pathological examination showed peritoneal dissemination of breast cancer, but the biological markers were different from the primary lesion: ER(−), PgR(−), and Her2:3 +. T-DM1 therapy was very effective, and her systemic symptoms disappeared. Since biomarkers of metastatic lesions may sometimes change, laparoscopic biopsy is very important and useful.
Victimization Experiences and Binge Drinking and Smoking Among Boys and Girls in Grades 7 to 12 in Manitoba, Canada
Authors: Struck Shannon , Fortier Janique , Salmon Samantha , Taillieu Tamara , Afifi Tracie O.
Published: November 2020

Experiencing victimization, such as cyberbullying, discriminatory harassment, or bullying in adolescence is associated with health risk behaviours. However, inconsistent findings in the literature examining the associations between different types of victimization and binge drinking and smoking exist. This study investigated the association between nine types of victimization experiences and (a) binge drinking and (b) smoking among boys and girls in grades 7 to 12. Data were from the 2012/13 Manitoba Youth Health Survey that included 475 participating schools and 64,174 students. Students in grades 7 to 12 completed the survey at school. Logistic regression models were used to examine the relationships between victimization experiences and binge drinking and smoking. All analyses were stratified by gender and grade groups. All nine types of victimization experiences among boys and girls in grades 7 to 12 were significantly associated with binge drinking and smoking. Overall, a dose-response trend was observed with increasing experiences of victimization related to greater odds of binge drinking and smoking for boys and girls in grades 7 to 9. Findings indicate that specific victimization experiences are associated with increased odds of binge drinking and smoking among adolescents. Prevention efforts to reduce victimization and to help those who have experienced victimization need to be addressed at all grade levels as it may be associated with a reduction in risky behaviours such as binge drinking or smoking among adolescents.
Ionicity of Clay–Cation Bonds in Relation to Dispersive Behavior of Mg and K Soil Clays as Influenced by pH
Authors: Zhu Yingcan , Marchuk Alla , Bennett John McLean
Published: November 2020

The dispersive behavior dynamics of clay determine soil characteristics such as permeability and aggregate stability, and, consequently, crop productivity. Soil dispersion is heavily influenced by the ionicity of clay–cation bonds and has been shown to be related to the net negative charge and pH of the system. Little work has been done, however, which considers these factors together, especially for K and Mg clays. The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of changing pH on the dispersive behavior of Mg and K homoionic clays, in comparison to Ca and Na clays under equivalent pH conditions. The clay fractions used here were extracted from three soils and have distinctly different mineralogies. These clays were treated to become homoionic with regard to Na, K, Ca, and Mg. Excess salts were removed by dialysis and pH was adjusted to 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, and 11 for all clays, except Mg (pH range 3–7). Clay dispersion-flocculation dynamics were investigated, and the net negative charge, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), and turbidity were measured. Mg has a similar but less flocculative effect than Ca, while K has a similar but less dispersive effect than Na, under similar pH conditions. The dispersive behavior of Na, K, Mg, and Ca homoionic clays was correlated well with the ionicity of clay–cation bonds at equivalent pH, with the degree of clay dispersion being explained by the pH, EC, ionicity, ζ-potential, and mean particle size of the clay–cation system. A predictive model for dispersion was developed with its applicability and limitations discussed.
The Effect of Exposure to Sexual Violence on Sexual Dysfunction and Sexual Distress in Pregnant Women
Authors: Alan Dikmen Hacer , Çankaya Seyhan
Published: November 2020

Background

Sexual dysfunction and sexual distress are common during pregnancy, but the effects of exposure to sexual violence on sexual dysfunction and sexual distress in pregnant women is unknown.

Aim

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of sexual violence on female sexual dysfunction and sexual distress.

Methods

This is a descriptive study. Data were collected between December 2019 and April 2020 from 605 pregnant women.

Outcomes

The data were collected with a Data Collection Form (The socio-demographic and obstetric characteristics and exposure to sexual violence were evaluated with questions.), Female Sexual Function Index, and Female Sexual Distress Scale-Revised.

Results

In our study, sexual dysfunction was found in 72.9% of the pregnant women, and sexual distress was found in 38.2%. It was found that 11.6% of the women were exposed to sexual violence in their then-current pregnancy. While the rate of sexual distress was found to be significantly higher in women who were exposed to sexual violence during pregnancy (P < .001), no significant difference was found between sexual violence and female sexual dysfunction (P = .572). Sexual violence during pregnancy was found to be a risk factor for sexual distress (P = .006).

Clinical Implications

This study may be an opportunity for nurses and physicians to determine the effects of sexual violence experienced by pregnant women on female sexual dysfunction and sexual distress during pregnancy.

Strength & Limitations

This is the first and only study that determines the effects of sexual violence on female sexual dysfunction and sexual distress. Our findings cannot be generalized to the entire population of Turkey.

Conclusion

The presence of female sexual dysfunction in women during pregnancy is quite high, and the rate of sexual distress is moderate. Sexual violence from partner/spouse during pregnancy is a risk factor for sexual distress.