bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Control of sway using vibrotactile feedback of body tilt in patients with moderate and severe postural control deficits
Authors: Wall C. , Kentala E.
Published: September 2021

We evaluated the effect of the vibrotactile display of body tilt upon the postural stability of vestibulopathic subjects during standing. Two groups were studied: those with moderate and with severe deficits as defined by postural stability test scores. They were studied under conditions of distorted sensory input, and during anterior-posterior perturbations. Seventeen subjects, with uni- or bilateral vestibular deficits, as determined by electronystagmography and vertical axis rotation, were tested using Equitest® computerized dynamic posturography (CDP). Based on their performance on the CDP they were divided into two groups having either moderate (nine subjects) or severe (eight subjects) postural control deficits. Their anterior-posterior (A/P) body motion at the waist was measured with a micromechanical rate gyroscope and a linear accelerometer. The resulting tilt estimate was displayed by a vibrotactile array attached to the torso. The vibration served as a tilt feedback to the subject. The subject's performance was evaluated using the root-mean-square (RMS) of both the A/P body motion and center-of-pressure (CoP) estimates. Sensory distortions were introduced using the Equitest® Sensory Organization Tests (SOT). These tests are designed to distort A/P sensory inputs while standing. The SOT 5 distorts proprioceptive information about ankle joint movement, while the subject stands eyes-closed on a moving support platform that measures foot pressure. The SOT 6 adds distorted visual information about body movement instead of testing with eyes closed. Perturbations were introduced using the Equitest® Motor Control Tests (MCT). These move the support platform forward or backward with small, medium and large displacements in the horizontal plane while measuring subjects' foot pressure responses. We used the medium and large backward tests. Vibrotactile display of body tilt reduced the subjects' A/P sway and improved their balance. The finding was more evident for those subjects with severe deficits than those moderate ones. This trend was found for both SOT 5 and 6, as well as the medium and large MCT. Additionally, during the MCT, the peak deflection and mean recovery time also decreased significantly.
Changes in the perceived head transversal plane and the subjective visual horizontal induced by Coriolis stimulation during gondola centrifugation
Authors: Tribukait Arne , Eiken Ola
Published: September 2021

For studying the influence of the vertical semicircular canals on spatial orientation in roll, the subjective visual horizontal (SVH) and the subjective transversal plane of the head (STP) were measured in a situation where the vertical canals sense a roll-velocity stimulus while the otolith organs persistently signal that the head is upright in roll. During gondola centrifugation (resultant gravitoinertial force vector 2.5 G, gondola inclination 66 degrees) subjects were exposed to controlled rotational head movements (angular speed 27 degrees/s, magnitude 40 degrees) about the yaw (body z-) axis, produced by means of a motor-driven helmet. This causes a roll-plane Coriolis stimulus to the canals, while the otoliths persistently sense upright head position in roll. The subjects reported intense sensations of rotation and tilt in the roll plane. This was reflected in tilts of both the SVH and STP. The initial tilt of the SVH was 13.0 ± 9.7 degrees (mean ± S.D., n=10). {The STP was changed in the opposite direction}. The initial tilt was 23.8 ± 12.2 degrees (mean ± S.D., n=5). {The changes in the SVH and STP were not of equal magnitude.} A few subjects who had almost no deviations in the SVH showed pronounced tilts of the STP. The time constant for exponential decay of the tilts of the SVH and STP was on average approximately 1 minute. These findings indicate that a difference in activity of the vertical canals in the right versus left ear may cause substantial tilts of the SVH even if there is no asymmetry in the activity of the otolith system. Further, the canal stimulus may induce a tilt of the fundamental egocentric frame of reference.
A critical period for the impact of vestibular sensation on ferret motor development
Authors: Van Cleave S. , Shall M.S.
Published: September 2021

Children with hearing deficits and hypofunctioning vestibular receptors frequently have delayed motor development. This study focuses on when the vestibular system needs to be active for normal motor behavior development and the maturation of the soleus muscle in the ferret. Both vestibular labyrinths were removed from ferrets at Postnatal day 10 (P10), P21, or P45 and the resulting data were compared with ferrets that had undergone a sham surgery at the same ages. The animals were sacrificed at P120 (young adult ferret). The resulting data from these ferrets revealed that standing and walking balance was significantly affected when the vestibular system was eliminated at or before P21. The soleus of P10 and P21 animals generally had smaller diameter muscle fibers and proportionally less type I Myosin Heavy Chain (MHC) and more type IIX MHC. The twitch contraction time of the soleus of the P21 group was significantly slower than the other groups. It appears that the vestibular system is important to motor and muscle fiber development in the ferret during the period before P21. The eyes are still closed at that age and all of the vestibular receptors are not fully mature. These findings imply a "critical period" for vestibular sensation and the development of a muscle that is important to standing balance.
Does the method of sternocleidomastoid muscle activation affect the vestibular evoked myogenic potential response?
Authors: Isaacson Brandon , Murphy Emily , Cohen Helen
Published: September 2021

The objective of this study was to assess the effects of different methods of sternocleidomastoid muscle (SCM) activation on vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (VEMP). Forty normal volunteers were tested using three different methods of SCM activation: sitting with the head turned away from the test ear (SIT), supine with the head held straight up (SHU), and supine with the head held up and turned away from the test ear (SHT). Dependent measures were latency, and amplitude. Head and body position significantly affected the amplitude of the VEMP, but had no significant effect on latency. Testing subjects in the supine position with the head up and turned toward the non-test ear yielded the most robust amplitude response and sternocleidomastoid EMG activity. When amplitude measures where corrected according to tonic electromyographic (EMG) activity no significant difference was noted between the three different test positions. The increased amplitude in the supine with head turned position can be directly attributed to increased tonic SCM EMG activity.
The assessment of increased sensitivity to visual stimuli in patients with chronic dizziness
Authors: Pavlou Marousa , Davies Rosalyn A. , Bronstein Adolfo M.
Published: September 2021

Patients with chronic vestibular dysfunction often experience visually-induced aggravation of dizzy symptoms (visual vertigo; VV). The Situational Characteristics Questionnaire (SCQ), Computerized Dynamic Posturography or Rod and Frame Test (RFT) are used to assess VV symptoms. This study evaluates whether correlations exist between these three tests, their ability to identify patients with VV and whether emotional state correlates with VV symptoms. Tests were completed by 20 normal controls (Group NC), 20 patients with vestibular dysfunction plus VV (Group VV) and 13 without VV (Group NVV). Additionally, the Vertigo Symptom Scale (VSS-V) was applied to quantify general, non-visually induced vertigo (dizziness, lightheadedness and/or spinning) and imbalance. Autonomic (VSS-A) and psychological symptoms (Hospital Anxiety and Depression questionnaire; HAD) were also assessed. With the SCQ 100% of Group VV scored outside normal ranges and scores differed significantly between Group VV and both Groups NC and NVV. RFT values were not significantly different between groups; only 15% of patients scored outside normal ranges. Posturography scores were abnormal for 50% of patients; significant differences were noted between Groups NC and VV for composite scores and ratios 3/1, 4/1, 5/1 and 6/1 (indicative of abnormal sensory re-weighting). There were no correlations between the three data sets in patients. Anxiety and depression scores significantly differed between Groups NC and VV but not between patient groups; this indicates that psychological symptoms may be present in either patient group. The SCQ can be used to corroborate an initial clinical diagnosis of VV and quantify its severity in patients with vestibular dysfunction. Posturography data suggested patients with VV have a sensory re-weighting abnormality. The rod and frame test results and posturography findings agree less with the clinical diagnosis of VV. Psychological symptoms may need to be addressed.
Anterior canal neurons in cat vestibular nuclei have large phase leads during low frequency vertical axis pitch
Authors: Brettler Sandra C. , Baker James F.
Published: September 2021

Vestibulo-ocular and second-order neurons in medial and superior vestibular nuclei of alert cats were identified by antidromic and orthodromic electrical stimulation, and their responses to whole body rotations were recorded in the dark. Neurons that had spatial sensitivity most closely aligned with the anterior canal (anterior canal neurons) were compared with neurons that had spatial sensitivity most closely aligned with the posterior canal (posterior canal neurons). Responses were recorded during low frequency earth-horizontal axis pitch rotations in the normal upright posture, and during earth-vertical axis pitch with the head and body lying on the left side. During upright pitch, response phases of anterior canal neurons slightly lagged those of posterior canal neurons or primary vestibular afferents, as previously reported. During on-side pitch, anterior canal neurons showed far greater phase leads with respect to head velocity than posterior canal neurons, primary vestibular afferents, or previously reported vestibulo-ocular reflex eye movements. These results provide challenges for vestibulo-ocular reflex models to incorporate central mechanisms for phase leads among the inputs to anterior canal neurons and to explain how the anterior canal neuron signals reported here combine with other signals to produce observed vestibulo-ocular reflex behavior.
Linear vection as a function of stimulus eccentricity, visual angle, and fixation
Authors: Tarita-Nistor Luminita , González Esther G. , Spigelman Ashley J. , Steinbach Martin J.
Published: September 2021

The effects of stimulus eccentricity, visual angle, and fixation on linear vection (sensation of self-translation induced by large moving scenes) were examined in healthy young people. Three aspects of vection were measured: latency, total vection time, and strength. The results showed that when peripheral and central stimuli are equal in area, they induce similar vection, but only when they are presented with a fixation cross. When presented without a fixation cross, peripheral stimuli are more effective in inducing vection than central stimuli. In addition, central stimuli with a fixation cross elicited more vection than central stimuli without a fixation cross. Fixation had no influence on the vection induced by peripheral stimuli. These findings indicate that statements about the role of central and peripheral stimuli of equal area in inducing vection should be made only in conjunction with reports about whether these stimuli are presented with or without fixation.
Effects of fast head turns on head, trunk and pelvis motions during standing and walking in patients with unilateral vestibular deficit
Authors: Paquet N. , Dannenbaum E. , Hakim-Zadeh R. , Fung J.
Published: September 2021

Patients with unilateral vestibular deficit (UVD) report difficulties with maintaining balance while executing fast head turns. Our aim was to determine whether head, trunk, and pelvis angular displacements were symmetrical in patients with UVD as they executed voluntary yaw rotation of the head towards or away from the side of the vestibular lesion, during standing and walking. Eight patients who underwent surgical resection of an acoustic neuroma stood with feet together or walked at comfortable pace across a 10-meter walkway. They turned the head as quickly and as fast as possible in the direction indicated by an illuminating arrow (left, right or none). The head angular displacement was similar towards the affected and intact sides. Acceleration tended to be larger during head rotations towards the affected versus the intact side by 13% at the head, 42% at the trunk and 37% at the pelvis (p> 0.05, NS). The pelvis rotated opposite to the head in 65% of trials towards the affected side and 56% of the trials towards the intact side during standing and 81% and 69%, respectively during walking. Overall, the UVD had only a minor influence on the symmetry of head, trunk and pelvis kinematics during fast yaw rotation of the head executed during standing and walking.
Adaptation of multi-segmented body movements during vibratory proprioceptive and galvanic vestibular stimulation
Authors: Fransson Per-Anders , Hjerpe Magnus , Johansson Rolf
Published: September 2021

Control of orthograde posture and use of adaptive adjustments constitutes essential topics of human movement control, both in maintenance of static posture and in ensuring body stability during locomotion. The objective was to investigate, in twelve normal subjects, how head, shoulder, hip and knee movements and torques induced towards the support surface were affected by vibratory proprioceptive and galvanic vestibular stimulation, and to investigate whether movement pattern, body posture and movement coordination were changed over time. Our findings suggest that the adaptive process to enhance stability involves both alteration of the multi-segmented movement pattern and alteration of body posture. The magnitude of the vibratory stimulation intensity had a prominent influence on the evoked multi-segmented movement pattern. The trial conditions also influenced whether the posture were altered and if these posture adjustments were done directly at stimulation onset or gradually over a longer period. Moreover, the correlation values showed that the subjects, primarily during trials with vibratory stimulation alone, significantly increased the body movement coordination at stimulation onset and maintained this movement pattern throughout the stimulation period. Furthermore, when exposed to balance perturbations the test subjects synchronized significantly the head and torso movements in anteroposterior direction during all trial conditions.
Efficacy of electrotactile vestibular substitution in patients with peripheral and central vestibular loss
Authors: Danilov Y.P. , Tyler M.E. , Skinner K.L. , Hogle R.A. , Bach-y-Rita P.
Published: September 2021

Vestibular dysfunction of either central or peripheral origin can significantly affect balance, posture, and gait. We conducted a pilot study to test the effectiveness of training with the BrainPort® balance device in subjects with a balance dysfunction due to peripheral or central vestibular loss. The BrainPort® balance device transmits information about the patient's head position via electrotactile stimulation of the tongue. Head position data is sensed by an accelerometer and displayed on the tongue as a pattern of stimulation. This pattern of stimulation moves forward, backward, and laterally on the tongue in direct response to head movements. Users of the device were trained to use this stimulation to adjust their position in order to maintain their balance. Twenty-eight subjects with peripheral or central vestibular loss were trained with the BrainPort balance device and tested using the following standardized quantitative measurements of the treatment effects: Computerized Dynamic Posturography (CDP) using the Sensory Organization Test (SOT), Dynamic Gait Index (DGI), Activities-specific Balance Confidence Scale (ABC), and Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI). All subjects had chronic balance problems and all but one had previously participated in vestibular rehabilitation therapy. The scores on the clinical tests upon entry into the study were compared to their scores following training with the BrainPort balance device. Our results exhibit consistent positive and statistically significant improvements in balance, posture and gait. These results exceed what could normally be achieved in three to five days of traditional balance training alone. Since this was not a controlled study, we are unable to distinguish the degree to which these improvements are attributable to training with the BrainPort balance device versus the balance exercises performed by all subjects as a part of the BrainPort training sessions. Nonetheless, after training with the BrainPort balance device, all subjects demonstrated significant improvements in performance beyond what might be expected from conventional vestibular rehabilitation therapy.
Layer thickness and curvature effects on otoconial membrane deformation in the utricle of the red-ear slider turtle: Static and modal analysis
Authors: Davis J.L. , Xue J. , Peterson E.H. , Grant J.W.
Published: September 2021

Finite element models of otoconial membrane (OM) were developed to investigate the effects of three geometric variables on static and modal response of the OM: (1) curvature of the macular surface, (2) spatial variation in thicknesses of three OM layers, and (3) shape of the macular perimeter. A geometrically accurate model of a turtle utricle was constructed from confocal images. Modifying values for each variable formed variants of this model: modeling the macula surface as flat, OM layer thicknesses as spatially invariant, and the macular perimeter as a rectangle. Static tests were performed on each modified OM model, and the results were compared to determine the effects of each geometric variable on static mechanical gain (deflection per unit acceleration). Results indicate that all three geometric variables affect the magnitude and directional properties of OM static mechanical gain. In addition, through modal analysis, we determined the natural frequencies and displacement modes of each model, which illustrate the effects of the three geometric variables on OM dynamics. This study indicates the importance of considering three-dimensional OM geometry when attempting to understand responses of the OM and, therefore, the modulation of hair cell signals to accelerations during head movements.
Effects of vestibular training on motion sickness, nystagmus, and subjective vertical
Authors: Clément Gilles , Deguine Olivier , Bourg Mathieu , Traon Anne Pavy-Le
Published: September 2021

Pitch head-and-trunk movements during constant velocity rotation are a provocative vestibular stimulus that produces vertigo and nausea. When exposed to this stimulus repeatedly, motion sickness symptoms diminish as the subjects habituate. Acetylleucine is a drug that is used to treat acute vestibular vertigo. In this study, we wanted to ascertain whether this drug (a) lessened motion sickness or delayed habituation; (b) accelerated the recovery following habituation; and (c) whether changes in the subjective vertical accompanied habituation. Twenty subjects were administered acetylleucine or placebo in a double-blind study during a five-day vestibular training. Horizontal vestibulo-ocular reflex, optokinetic nystagmus, smooth pursuit, and subjective visual vertical were evaluated before, during, and up to two months after the vestibular training. Based on Graybiel's diagnostic criteria, motion sickness decreased steadily in each vestibular training session, and there was no difference between the scores in the acetylleucine and placebo groups. Post-rotatory nystagmus peak velocity and time constant also declined in both groups at the same rate. Thus, acetylleucine neither reduced the nausea associated with this provocative stimulus, nor hastened the acquisition or retention of vestibular habituation of motion sickness and nystagmus. There was no difference in optokinetic nystagmus and smooth pursuit between the acetylleucine and placebo groups. However, subjects showed larger error in the subjective visual vertical after habituation, which indicates that spatial orientation is also affected by vestibular training.
Efficacy of histaminergic drugs in experimental motion sickness
Authors: Matsnev E.I. , Sigaleva E.E.
Published: September 2021

The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the efficacy of the histaminergic drug "Betahistine dihydrochloride" in experimental motion sickness in 10 healthy volunteers (mean age 19.4 y.o.) with high susceptibility to motion sickness. Motion sickness was modeled using Coriolis (precession) accelerations (cumulative Coriolis stimulation test – CCST). Each subject took 32 mg of "Betahistine dihydrochloride" or placebo under "double – blind" conditions 1 hour before testing. The duration and slow phase velocity of the post-rotational nystagmus, the pursuit eye tracking test, and the latency, velocity and accuracy of saccades were estimated. The tolerability level of the CCST in volunteers in the betahistine series was shown to be significantly (p < 0.001) higher, as compared to placebo and baseline. The mean illusory sensations score for the experimental series was significantly lower than that in the placebo and baseline series (p < 0.01). It was found that "Betahistine" demonstrated antimotion sickness efficacy and improved oculomotor activity (increased gain during pursuit movements, faster and more accurate saccades).
Vestibular adaptation to centrifugation does not transfer across planes of head rotation
Authors: Garrick-Bethell Ian , Jarchow Thomas , Hecht Heiko , Young Laurence R.
Published: September 2021

Out-of-plane head movements performed during fast rotation produce non-compensatory nystagmus, sensations of illusory motion, and often motion sickness. Adaptation to this cross-coupled Coriolis stimulus has previously been demonstrated for head turns made in the yaw (transverse) plane of motion, during supine head-on-axis rotation. An open question, however, is if adaptation to head movements in one plane of motion transfers to head movements performed in a new, unpracticed plane of motion. Evidence of transfer would imply the brain builds up a generalized model of the vestibular sensory-motor system, instead of learning a variety of individual input/output relations separately. To investigate, over two days 9 subjects performed pitch head turns (sagittal plane) while rotating, before and after a series of yaw head turns while rotating. A Control Group of 10 subjects performed only the pitch movements. The vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) and sensations of illusory motion were recorded in the dark for all movements. Upon comparing the two groups we failed to find any evidence of transfer from the yaw plane to the pitch plane, suggesting that adaptation to cross-coupled stimuli is specific to the particular plane of head movement. The findings have applications for the use of centrifugation as a possible countermeasure for long duration spaceflight. Adapting astronauts to unconstrained head movements while rotating will likely require exposure to head movements in all planes and directions.
Effects of 24-hour and 36-hour sleep deprivation on smooth pursuit and saccadic eye movements
Authors: Fransson P.A. , Patel M. , Magnusson M. , Berg S. , Almbladh P. , Gomez S.
Published: September 2021

Sleep restrictions and sleep deprivation have become common in modern society, as many people report daily sleep below the recommended 8 hours per night. This study aimed to examine the effects of sleep deprivation on oculomotor performance by recording smooth pursuit and saccadic eye movements after 24 and 36 hours of sleep deprivation. Another objective was to determine whether detected changes in oculomotor performance followed fluctuations according to a circadian rhythm and/or subjective Visuo-Analogue sleepiness Scale scores. Oculomotor responses were recorded from 18 subjects using electronystagmography, and comprised measurements of accuracy (i.e., the percentage of time the eye movement velocity was within the target velocity boundaries), velocity and latency. Continuous EEG recordings were used to validate that subjects had remained awake throughout the 36-hour period. Our findings showed that sleep deprivation deteriorated smooth pursuit gain, smooth pursuit accuracy and saccade velocity. Additionally, the ratio between saccade velocity and saccade amplitude was significantly decreased by sleep deprivation. However, as the length of sleep deprivation increased, only smooth pursuit gain deteriorated further, whereas there were signs of improvement in smooth pursuit accuracy measurements. The latter observation suggests that smooth pursuit accuracy might be affected by the circadian rhythm of alertness. Surprisingly, high subjective scores of sleepiness correlated in most cases with better saccade performance, especially after 36 hours of sleep deprivation, suggesting that awareness of sleepiness might make subjects perform better during saccade assessments. To conclude, oculomotor function clearly decreased after sleep deprivation, but the performance deteriorations were complex and not necessarily correlated with subjectively felt sleepiness.
PERCEPCIONES DE TURISTAS SOBRE BIENESTAR Y ECOTURISMO:
Authors: Isaza Valencia Carlos Alberto , Hernández Galindo Nataly , Miranda George Emmanuel Cavalcanti de
Published: September 2021

Este trabajo de investigación aborda las dinámicas de la actividad turística que acontece en una Unidad de Conservación localizada en el nordeste brasileño. De acuerdo con las concepciones teóricas, este turismo presenta rasgos de Ecoturismo, una vez que se desarrolla en áreas naturales en las cuales se realizan prácticas de conservación del medio ambiente. Para encaminar la investigación, se formuló la pregunta sobre las relaciones existentes entre los hábitos adoptados por los turistas y visitantes de la APA BRM y su búsqueda por el bienestar. Según la hipótesis propuesta por los investigadores de este trabajo, la actividad turística realizada en el APA BRM, promueve el bienestar individual de los turistas que visitan este territorio. Como objetivo general, se propuso analizar las prácticas y hábitos adoptados por los turistas y visitantes del APA BRM. Se observó que grupos con diferentes características e intereses frecuentan este territorio, con finalidades tanto de turismo como de diversión. Como conclusión, se observó el vínculo existente entre el bienestar de los turistas, y su principal motivación para visitar este territorio, a partir de la interacción y la observación del paisaje de este lugar.
PREVALÊNCIA DE INFECÇÃO COMUNITÁRIA NA PEDIATRIA DE UM HOSPITAL PÚBLICO DA PARAÍBA
Authors: Barbosa Filho Waldner Gomes , Holanda Leite Maia Ana Karina , Medeiros de Araújo Lima Filho Luiz , Maria Bezerra Luna Lima Caliandra , Diniz dos Santos Gabrielle , José Gonçalves Daniel , Costa Teodózio Gilberto , De Lima Pimenta Raquel
Published: September 2021

A infecção comunitária apesar de não ser de grande preocupação para órgãos de saúde, ela consiste em grande preocupação para os hospitais, pois podem ser risco aos pacientes já fragilizados que chegam aos serviços de saúde. Portanto, o presente estudo pretende descrever o perfil clínico e a prevalência de infecções comunitárias das crianças residentes no Vale do Mamanguape – PB, que foram internadas na pediatria do Hospital Geral de Mamanguape – PB. A metodologia trata-se de um estudo retrospectivo, de caráter exploratório, descritivo com uma abordagem quantitativa. Os dados foram extraídos dos prontuários eletrônicos e impressos de crianças internadas por um período de mais 24 horas, entre os meses de Janeiro de 2016 a Outubro de 2017, no setor da pediatria do hospital. A amostra contou com 711 crianças, de ambos os sexos, com idade de 0 ano a 15 anos. O diagnóstico de infecção comunitária foi baseado no preenchimento médico do prontuário, nos campos: motivo de internação e anamnese. Os dados foram submetidos ao software R, onde realizou-se a análise descritiva e inferencial dos dados. Na análise inferencial, aplicou-se o Teste Não-paramétrico Qui-Quadrado de Pearson afim de verificar a correlação entre a variável dependente e as variáveis fatores.  Sendo assim, observou-se que 83,5% crianças foram internadas por algum tipo de infecção comunitária e 16,5% foram internados com ausência de infecção, a média de dias de internação foi de 4,94 dias 44,5% das crianças internadas foram do município de Mamanguape e 55,3% dos demais municípios que compõem o Vale do Mamanguape. As infecções mais presentes foram do trato respiratório 47,11% e gastroenterite 14,3%. Crianças do sexo masculino passaram mais dias internadas do que criança do sexo feminino com p-valor=0,020. Podendo-se concluir que as infecções comunitárias são as causas mais presentes de internação na pediatria do Hospital Geral de Mamanguape-PB, as infecções do trato respiratório são as mais presentes nas crianças que residem no Vale do Mamanguape.
PERFIL SÓCIO DEMOGRÁFICO DOS PACIENTES ACOMETIDOS PELA COVID- 19
Authors: Carla Araújo de Medeiros Loanda , Alves Leal Borges Maria da Conceição , Gonsalves Mariana Pereira , Costa Teodózio Gilberto , Moura dos Santos Wesley
Published: September 2021

A doença do coronavírus, trazida pelo vírus da covid-19, trouxe um impacto muito grande na vida das pessoas em todo o mundo pelo alcance e velocidade com o qual se disseminou (SOUZA, 2020).  Segundo a Organização Mundial de saúde (2020), em 31 de dezembro de 2019 foram recebidas as primeiras notificações de casos de pneumonia com suspeita de serem provocados por uma nova cepa de Coronavírus, isso aconteceu na cidade de Wuhan na China. diante disso, o estudo tem por objetivo traçar o perfil sócio demográfico dos pacientes acometidos pela COVID-19, atendidos em um Hospital de Referência no Estado da Paraíba,   apresentando por cada região os pacientes contaminados pela COVID 19. Trata - se de uma pesquisa transversal, descritiva e quantitativa, envolvendo indivíduos acometidos pela COVID 19, que foram atendidos no HMDJMP entre os meses de maio a dezembro de 2020.  Este estudo pretendeu identificar, dentre os meses de maio a dezembro de 2020, o perfil sócio demográfico dos pacientes com diagnóstico positivo para COVID 19 atendidos no HMDJMP, bem como demarcar a microrregião com  maior prevalência de pacientes regulados.
EDITORIAL
Authors: Tim Redaksi Jurnal Nfn
Published: September 2021

Sidang pembaca yang budiman dan yang kami hormati, kami merasa bersyukur dan gembira dapat menemui pembaca melalui Jurnal TEKNODIK Volume 24 Nomor 1, Edisi Juni 2020 sesuai dengan waktu terbit yang ditetapkan.
A atuação do enfermeiro intensivista para pacientes em hemodiálise
Authors: Tonini Paula Silva Santos
Published: September 2021

A Unidade de terapia intensiva é uma área destinada a internação de pacientes graves. O enfermeiro intensivista deve dominar a fisiologia para planejamento da assistência individualizada ao paciente crítico. A insuficiência renal é uma complicação recorrente em pacientes grave, de etiologia pré-renal, intrínseca ou pós-renal, sua classificação pode ser de acordo com dois guide lines diferentes: KDIGO ou AKIN. Este artigo tem como pergunta norteadora: qual deve ser a atuação do enfermeiro intensivista na assistência ao paciente em hemodiálise e quais os riscos apresentados para o paciente e profissionais? Temos como objetivo identificar os principais pontos a serem observados pelo enfermeiro intensivista durante realização da Terapia de Substituição Renal (TRS) de emergência, descrever quais os riscos envolvidos para o paciente, o profissional, e equipe envolvida na assistência. Para atender ao objetivo, foi realizada uma revisão da literatura. As bases de dados consultados foram SciELO, Google Acadêmico, Klinical Key, Lilacs e Ministério da Saúde, utilizando os descritores: “insuficiência renal aguda”; “injuria renal”; “hemodiálise em unidade de terapia intensiva”; “papel do enfermeiro em unidade de terapia intensiva”. Foram coletados materiais publicados no período de 2010 a 2020. Os resultados encontrados foram monitorização dos marcadores biológicos, balanço hídrico rigoroso, tratamento de causas reversíveis, intervenção dietética e hemodiálise. Foram identificadas complicações durante a hemodiálise como hipotensão, caibas, náusea, cefaleia, dor torácica, angina prurido, hipotensão, hipertermia, além de cuidados com cateteres e diferentes tipos de anticoagulações. Foram apontados riscos ocupacionais por manipulação de material biológico, pérfuro-cortantes e riscos ergonômicos para profissionais; riscos de trombose, sepse, entre outros, para pacientes. Conclui-se que o enfermeiro deve buscar constante aprimoramento e atualização profissional, sua atuação interfere diretamente no prognóstico do paciente, suas ações e conhecimento refletem e impulsionarem o trabalho da equipe, além de proporcionar um vínculo entre profissionais, paciente e familiares.
ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ТА НАПРЯМКИ ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ ОБЛІКОВОЇ ПОЛІТИКИ НЕОБОРОТНИХ АКТИВІВ В ОБЛІКУ І ОПОДАТКУВАННІ
Authors: Дмитрук Борис , Германенко Людмила , Cвєтлoва Ніна
Published: September 2021

У статті розглянуто сутність та необхідність формування облікової політики стосовно основних облікових елементів за операціями із необоротними активами у відповідності з вимогами Податкового кодексу України. Виявлено проблемні питання у наближенні фінансових та податкових необоротних активів, що обумовлюють необхідність коригування фінансового результату до оподаткування. Досліджена сутність облікової політики як з наукової (теоретичної) так і з практичної сторін: внутрішнього стандарту обліку, побудованого на сукупності способів і процедур ведення обліку, що використовується з метою підготовки, складання та подання форм звітності, із врахуванням економічних інтересів користувачів інформації. Оптимізацію облікової політики необоротних активів в Україні стримує відсутність окремого Національного положення (стандарту) бухгалтерського обліку (НП(С)БО, який регламентував би формування облікової політики. Розроблені і запроваджені варіанти структури Положення та додаткового розділу в наказ, з метою формування облікової політики для бухгалтерського обліку та показників податкової звітності.
VARIAÇÃO LINGUÍSTICA NA LIBRAS
Authors: Marques Ana Paula , Domingos Franz Kafka Porto
Published: September 2021

O presente artigo apresenta a Variação Linguística na Libras com um recorte semasiológico na letra “P” do alfabeto da Língua Portuguesa, ou seja, em sinais que quando traduzidos da Língua Portuguesa para a Libras a palavra inicie com a letra “P”. Nos sinais encontrados, foram analisados os Parâmetros Linguísticos das Línguas de Sinais descobertos por Willian Stokoe (Configuração de Mão, Ponto de Articulação e Movimento), se eles sofriam variações, onde e quando acontecia a mudança presente naquele sinal. Para realizar a pesquisa, foram analisados os sinais presentes no dicionário “Deit-Libras: Dicionário Enciclopédico Ilustrado da Língua de Sinais Brasileira”, comparando-os com os sinais presentes no livro e nas apostilas de Libras “Linguagem de Sinais”, “Falando com as Mãos”, “Linguagem das Mãos”. Foi utilizado como base da pesquisa também o sociolinguista Willian Labov e seus estudos sobre a fala e o uso de língua no contexto social, com ele compreendeu-se que a língua muda conforme a influência da sociedade em que ela é produzida, seja essa língua produzida na forma oral ou visual-espacial.Palavras-chave: Libras. Parâmetros. Variação. Sinais. Palavras.
El reportaje narrativo como género periodístico en España entre la literatura y el periodismo
Authors: Cavazzino Valeria
Published: September 2021

Las relaciones entre literatura y periodismo son consideradas ambiguas y conflictuales. Haría falta subrayar la complementariedad que existe entre esas dimensiones creativas de la comunicación humana para valorar la combinación de los respectivos recursos creativos. En virtud del intercambio de técnicas y estrategias estilísticas y estructurales, resulta fundamental centrar la atención en los géneros híbridos originados por tal encuentro, como es el caso del reportaje narrativo. Este estudio analiza sus elementos connotativos, repasando las evoluciones de las principales teorías de clasificación de los géneros periodísticos en el ámbito español, según una perspectiva comparativa.
Antidiabetic Activity of Extract Combination of Orthosiphon aristatus and Oryza sativa L. var glutinosa
Authors: Septiana Eris , Rizka Nurul Maulida , Yadi Yadi , Simanjuntak Partomuan
Published: September 2021

Traditionally and scientifically, research has shown that Orthosiphon aristatus and Oryza sativa L. var. glutinosa have antidiabetic activity. The combination of two medicinal plants can increase their biological activity. This study aimed to determine the antidiabetic activity of O. aristatus and O. sativa L. var. glutinosa on single and combined extracts. Phytochemical screening of the single extract was done qualitatively. The α-glucosidase inhibitory method was used as an antidiabetic activity. The results showed that every extract contained alkaloids, steroids/triterpenoids, flavonoids, tannins, quinones, and coumarins. A single extract of O. sativa L. var glutinosa, O. aristatus, and their combinations (1:1, 1:2, and 2:1) had an α-glucosidase enzyme inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of 67.82, 80.93, 73.81, 88.72, and 61.51 µg/ml, respectively. The combination shows that the ratio of 1:1 was nearly additive, 1:2 was slight to moderate antagonism, and 2:1 was moderate to slight synergism. The combination of 96% ethanol extract of O. sativa L. var. glutinosa and O. aristatus in a ratio of 2:1 was the most effective in increasing its inhibitory activity.
Cover, Content, and Editorial Note from Borneo J Pharm Vol. 4 No. 3 August 2021
Authors: Borneo J Pharm Chief Editor Of
Published: September 2021

Assalamu’alaikum Wr. Wb.

Alhamdulillahirabbil ‘alamin. The next edition of Borneo Journal of Pharmacy (Borneo J Pharm), has been published in August 2021. Starting from this volume, Borneo J Pharm increases the frequency of publishing four times a year. This change aims to improve the circulation of the best articles published by Borneo J Pharm.

This edition contains ten articles consisting of Pharmacology-Toxicology, Microbiology Pharmacy, Natural Product Development, Clinical-Community Pharmacy, and Management Pharmacy. This edition includes writings from four countries including Greece, Indonesia, Saudi Arabia, and Sudan. The authors come from several institutions, including STIKES Cendekia Utama Kudus, Universitas Sari Mulia, National Agency of Drug and Food Control of Republic of Indonesia, National Agency of Drug and Food Control of Republic of Indonesia in Gorontalo, Universitas Muhammadiyah Kalimantan Timur, Balai Taman Nasional Gunung Merapi, Universitas Sembilanbelas November Kolaka, Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Farmasi Riau, Omdurman Islamic University, University of Khartoum, King Saud University, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Universitas Pancasila, Universitas Lambung Mangkurat, Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani, Ibrahim Adjie Health Center, University of Crete, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, New York College, Universitas Islam Sultan Agung, Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan Borneo Lestari, and Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta.

The editorial board would like to thank all editors and reviewers, and contributors of the scientific articles who have provided the repertoire in this issue. We hope that all parties, especially the contributors, could re-participate for publication in the next edition in November 2021.

Wassalamu’alaikum Wr. Wb.
Analysis of Selected Seasonality Effects in the Following Metal Markets: Gold, Silver, Platinum, Palladium and Copper
Authors: Borowski Krzysztof , Łukasik Małgorzata
Published: September 2021

The commodity market has been becoming one of the most popular segments of the financial markets among individual and institutional investors in recent years. Similarly to the eąuity market, the problem of anomalies in the commodities market is becoming an interesting phenomenon, especially in the segment of the precious metals. This paper tests the hypothesis of monthly, the day-of-the week and weekend effects of the precious metal markets ąuoted on the London Metal Exchange for gold, silver, platinum and copper in the period of 1.01.1995-31.12.2015 considering also palladium in the period 1.01.1998-31.12.2015. Calculations presented in this paper indicate the absence of the monthly effect on gold, silver, platinum, copper markets but proved occurrence of monthly anomaly in the month of September on palladium market. In the analyzed period day- of-the week effect for any of the studied metal markets was not observed but the weekend effect was registered on the gold and copper markets.
Fiscal Multiplier Determinants in the CESEE Region
Authors: Deskar-Śkrbić Milan , Śimović Hrvoje , Buljan Antonija
Published: September 2021

In this paper we use the panel VAR model with exogenous variables to analyse the effects of various structural characteristics of the economies on the effectiveness of government consumption in the Central Eastern and Southeastern European region (CESEE). More precisely, we analyse the effects of government consumption on economic growth in this region, controlling for the effects of the size of the economy, level of public debt, level of tax burden, openness of the economy, rigidity of the labour market, monetary regime and the phase of the business cycle. Our results indicate that these characteristics have a significant impact on the effectiveness of fiscal policy (in terms of the size of the fiscal multiplier). Also, these effects are in line with the theoretical assumptions as the recessionary phase of the cycle, size of the economy, rigidity of the labour market and the fixed exchange rate regime increase the average size of fiscal multipliers while tax burden, indebtedness and openness of the economies reduce the size of the fiscal multiplier, when compared to the base model.
Attribution of Profits Derived Before or After the Existence of a Permanent Establishment under Tax Treaty Law
Authors: Hagemann Tobias
Published: September 2021

The attribution of profits to Permanent Establishments (PE) is one of the most discussed topics in international tax literature, the reason being that the attribution determines the amount of taxation in a PE state. Particular problems arise if such profits are derived before or after the existence of a PE. The article discusses the attribution of such profits under tax treaty law provided for by the OECD Model Tax Convention. In doing so, it is found that profits derived before or after the existence of a PE should be attributed to the PE because not only the wording but also the context and purpose of the OECD Model support this view. In further analysis, however, it is shown that slight changes in the attribution may be expected under the new “Authorized OECD Approach”.
The Determinants of Dividend Policy: A Comparison between Firms Listed on the Italian Stock Exchange and on the Warsaw Stock Exchange (2001–2014)
Authors: Chesini Giusy , Staniszewska Aleksandra
Published: September 2021

Several theories have been documented on the relevance and irrelevance of dividend policy. Many researchers continue to come up with different findings on the relevance ofdividend policy to the value of firms. In this paper, after an analysis of the different dividend pay-outs offered by Italian and Polish firms, we aim to understand the main factors thatdetermine the dividend policies of listed companies in Italy and Poland. In order to analyse this policy, we extract data from a wide sample of firms selected from the equity markets of the Italian and Polish stock exchanges. We use descriptive statistics and statistical regressions. The analysis is developed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS).

The study reaches findings that are of great relevance to scholars and investors investigating dividend issues. The paper finds that there are many differences between Italian andPolish dividend policies; in particular, the dividend pay-out is mostly determined by the dividend yield and liquidity in Polish firms, while it is heavily influenced by profitabilityand leverage in Italian firms.
Payment Delays: Their Reasons, Scale and Consequences
Authors: Rogowski Waldemar
Published: September 2021

The paper discusses theoretical and practical aspects of a relevant and pertinentissue of the reasons behind late payments in B2B commercial transactions and theirconsequences. It aims at identifying reasons for late payments and pinpointing theireconomic consequences and costs. It also addresses the scale of the phenomenon,especially for payments overdue by more than 60 days, considered the most dangerousfor regular performance of enterprises. The paper provides the results of studies onthese aspects quoted in three most important reports by the following companies:Bisnode D&B, Atradius, Intrum Justitia. It formulates conclusions on both the reasonsand consequences of late payments in B2B commercial transactions.
The Use of Creativity and Intellectual Capital of Consumers in Modern Enterprises
Authors: Łaszkiewicz Anna
Published: September 2021

Due to the development of technology clients have almost a limitless possibility of becoming creative individuals who, both independently and in a group, are willing to share their creativity, knowledge and skills. Enterprises are increasingly and more consciously reaching for this potential. The article discusses the phenomenon of co-creation of products and services with consumers, possible forms of using intellectual capital of consumers in companies and the awareness of these trends among Polish managers based on the research carried out by the author.
Evaluating Business Accelerator Participants’ Experiences: Effectuation at Play?1
Authors: Starnawska Marzena
Published: September 2021

Responding to the new phenomena in entrepreneurship ecosystems in Poland, the author undertakes the study that aims to explore experiences of the participants of (pre)accelerator programme for start-ups. Clipster is a business acceleration and incubation programme, where participants have a unique co-living opportunity and work on their new venture ideas. With phenomenological interviews with six nascent entrepreneurs – participants working on their new venture ideas andemployment of inductive research approach, the author uses grounded theory analysis methods. The results provide 4 key categories that reflect effectuation heuristics. The findings contribute to acceleration and incubation literature by providing insights into the interactive and dynamic nature on the micro level of individual and interpersonal behaviours and processes among the programme participants.
Analysis of the Use of Public Transport in Radom
Authors: Dębowska-Mróz Marzenna , Ferensztajn-Galardos Ewa , Krajewska Renata , Rogowski Andrzej
Published: September 2021

An efficient transport system in cities requires rational separation of transport tasks. Determining the mode of travel and preferences of the choice of means of transport enables shaping communication behaviours. Research on the mobility of public transport is of particular importance. Filling measurements are the basis of many analyzes, enabling the characteristics of passenger flows in the quantitative and qualitative aspect, performance of transport efficiency assessment of individual lines. The aim of the article is to present the results of a survey conducted among drivers of public transport buses. These tests included information on filling and passenger exchange in the means of transport of individual bus lines in Radom. The results of the surveys carried out in households were also presented, thanks to which the motivation of the source-destination journey of the inhabitants of Radom with the use of public transport was analyzed.