bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Design of a robust T2 control chart, a re‐sampling approach
Authors: Mahpouya Forough , Shahriari Hamid , Roghanian Emad
Published: November 2021

In constructing any control chart, the sample size and the number of samples taken are important issues. When destructive tests are applied to collect data, the sample size and the number of subsamples are usually limited. Lack of sufficient observations affects parameters estimates. Re‐sampling techniques are always suggested to increase the accuracy of parameters estimates. Also, the presence of outlying observations severely affect re‐sampling and the estimates of the underlying distribution parameters. The limited sample size, limited number of subsamples and presence of outliers are more important in multivariate process analysis. In this study, bootstrap re‐sampling technique and robust estimators of mean vector and variance‐covariance matrix are simultaneously utilized to design a multivariate robust T2 control chart to address the three problems in hand. The performance of the proposed robust T2 control chart is evaluated and compared to the Hotelling T2 control chart by means of average run length (ARL). Simulation results indicate that the suggested robust T2 control chart outperforms the Hotelling T2 in presence of outliers and similarly when there is no outlier. Design of robust control chart for processes generating auto‐correlated data applying bootstrap re‐sampling technique is an area for further research.
Development of various methods to the investigation of the spectral properties and collision dynamics of H‐like ions taking place in dense and hot plasma environments
Authors: Chen Zhan‐Bin , Liu Peng‐Fei , Sun Hua‐Yang , Qi Yue‐Ying , Zhao Guo‐Peng , Shen Xiao‐Zhi , Jiao Li‐Guang , Ma Kun , Wang Kai , Li Xiang‐Dong
Published: November 2021

The correct understanding of the behavior of highly stripped ions immersed in a dense plasma environment is a hitherto challenge for theory and it is of importance in various applications. Here, we developed four kinds of novel theoretical models to the determination of the spectral properties and collision dynamics of H‐like ions in dense and hot plasmas by employing the analytical potential [Li et al., Phys. Plasmas 2019, 26, 033301] to describe the interactions among the charged particles: (i) The electron photon processes in plasma model within the relativistic scheme; (ii) The multiconfiguration Dirac–Fock model within the framework of relativistic self‐consistent iteration approximation; (iii) The generalized pseudospectral method within the relativistic framework; and (iv) An analytic formula based on the Hartree–Fock method and the irreducible tensor theory within the non‐relativistic regime, derived from a solution of Schrödinger equation. As a typical example, energy eigenvalues, radiative transition properties, spectral line shifts, and electron impact excitation and ionization cross sections of the selected N6+ and Ne9+ ions are determined for several temperature‐density cases, characteristic of inertial confinement fusion plasmas. A comparison of these results with each other and the results from earlier calculations as well as with the available experimental data is provided. Systematic trend is determined for all the properties under study concerning increased screening. The present study not only extends our understanding of the dense plasma shielding effects, but also opens the way for future investigations allowing accurate predictions of spectral properties of ions in dense and hot plasmas aimed at providing precision data for various practical applications.
Neural network‐based tracking control of autonomous marine vehicles with unknown actuator dead‐zone
Authors: Ma Min , Wang Tong , Guo Runsheng , Qiu Jianbin
Published: November 2021

This article studies the neural‐network based backstepping control problem for autonomous marine vehicles perturbed by external disturbances. The actuator dead‐zone phenomenon, which is a common non‐smooth property caused by the complicated operating environment of autonomous marine vehicles, is also considered. To cope with the issue of “complexity explosion” and further decrease the tracking errors, a command filtering compensation strategy is also proposed, which guarantees satisfactory tracking performance and boundedness of the closed‐loop system signals. Finally, simulation studies are given to further demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control method.
Copper‐Catalyzed One‐Pot, Three‐Component Synthesis of Imidazo[1,2‐c]quinazolines and Benzimidazo[1,2‐c]quinazolines
Authors: Nandwana Nitesh K. , Bhawani  , Shinde Vikki N. , Kumar Anil
Published: November 2021

A highly efficient copper‐catalyzed three component, one‐pot reaction has been described for the synthesis of imidazo[1,2‐c]quinazolines and benzimidozo[1,2‐c]quinazolines from 2‐(2‐bromophenyl)‐1H‐imidazoles/benzimidazoles using benzyl alcohol or benzylamine as benzaldehyde surrogate and sodium azide as nitrogen source. Various functional groups were well tolerated and desired products were obtained in moderate to good yields. The reaction involves copper‐catalyzed sequential azidation of 2‐(2‐bromophenyl)‐1H‐imidazoles/benzimidazoles through SNAr reaction and reductive amination followed by oxidative condensation with benzyl alcohols or benzylamines. The significant practical advantages of the protocol are utilization of the readily accessible simple substrates, broad substrate scope, and ligand‐free reaction conditions.
Multicomponent Domino Synthesis of Highly Functionalized Aryl and Heteroaryl Fused Pyrroloquinolinone Ring Systems via Environmentally Benign Solid‐state Melt Reaction
Authors: Mani Suresh , Raju Rajesh , Raghunathan Raghavacharry , Arumugam Natarajan , Almansour Abdulrahman I. , Kumar Raju Suresh , Perumal Karthikeyan
Published: November 2021

A solid‐state melt reaction has been demonstrated via a domino multicomponent process for the synthesis of highly functionalized aryl/heteroaryl fused polycyclic pyrroloquinolinone frameworks in good to excellent yields. The multicomponent domino reaction sequence involves 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition and concomitant double annulation reaction process. Baylis‐Hillman adducts derived from various aryl/heteroaryl aldehyde were used as dipolarophiles, while the 1,3‐dipole components were azomethine ylides generated in situ from indoline‐2,3‐dione and N‐methylglycine/L‐proline/L‐pipecolinic acid. The reaction is highly regio and stereoselective, atom economic and environmentally benign in nature. The structure of compounds was elucidated through spectroscopic techniques and unambiguously ascertained by single crystal X‐diffraction analysis.
Application of Sequential Ring‐Opening, and Ring‐Closing Metathesis or Ring‐Rearrangement Metathesis to Design Oxacycles and Azacycles
Authors: Kotha Sambasivarao , Fatma Ambareen
Published: November 2021

We report a concise and simple synthetic approach to oxacycles, azacycles and aza‐propellanes starting with endo/exo‐nadic anhydride via olefin metathesis as a key step. This methodology relies on the usage of Lewis acid mediated allylation of the hydroxy derivatives followed by ring‐opening metathesis (ROM) and ring‐closing metathesis (RCM) to assemble fused oxacycles and azacycles. Moreover, this methodology generates diverse skeletons such as propellanes, highly fused azacycles. Interestingly, some of these heterocyclic frames constitute the basic core of biologically active natural products.
All‐in‐One: Multifunctional Hydrogel Accelerates Oxidative Diabetic Wound Healing through Timed‐Release of Exosome and Fibroblast Growth Factor
Authors: Xiong Yuan , Chen Lang , Liu Pei , Yu Tao , Lin Chuanchuan , Yan Chenchen , Hu Yiqiang , Zhou Wu , Sun Yun , Panayi Adriana C. , Cao Faqi , Xue Hang , Hu Liangcong , Lin Ze , Xie Xudong , Xiao Xiufeng , Feng Qian , Mi Bobin , Liu Guohui
Published: November 2021

The treatment of diabetic wounds remains a major challenge in clinical practice, with chronic wounds characterized by multiple drug‐resistant bacterial infections, angiopathy, and oxidative damage to the microenvironment. Herein, a novel in situ injectable HA@MnO2/FGF‐2/Exos hydrogel is introduced for improving diabetic wound healing. Through a simple local injection, this hydrogel is able to form a protective barrier covering the wound, providing rapid hemostasis and long‐term antibacterial protection. The MnO2/ε‐PL nanosheet is able to catalyze the excess H2O2 produced in the wound, converting it to O2, thus not only eliminating the harmful effects of H2O2 but also providing O2 for wound healing. Moreover, the release of M2‐derived Exosomes (M2 Exos) and FGF‐2 growth factor stimulates angiogenesis and epithelization, respectively. These in vivo and in vitro results demonstrate accelerated healing of diabetic wounds with the use of the HA@MnO2/FGF‐2/Exos hydrogel, presenting a viable strategy for chronic diabetic wound repair.
Quantum web of trust
Authors: Nema Prashant , Nene Manisha J.
Published: November 2021

Authentication is the foremost requirement for any online secure transaction. In post quantum era, public key encryption is considered no longer a safe option. The research is therefore, progressing toward providing a quantum resistant solution using both classical as well as quantum computing medium. The paper proposes a quantum based mutual authentication protocol for autonomous system, utilizing the properties of quantum mechanics for exchange, storage and validation of confidential data. The protocol so designed evolves into a chain of mutually trusted nodes to form quantum web of trust. The protocol cater for devices infected with malware by utilizing physically unclonable function inside trusted platform module. The mathematical expressions conveying the correctness of operations has been demonstrated on a quantum machine to verify the efficacy of the protocol. The security analysis demonstrates the ability of the proposed protocol to mitigate cyber attacks and eavesdropping in the network.
Feed‐in tariffs for financing renewable energy in Southeast Asia
Authors: Azhgaliyeva Dina , Mishra Ranjeeta
Published: November 2021

Renewable energies are increasingly playing an important role in the energy mix in Southeast Asia, but many challenges remain before they can compete with fossil fuels. The article examines the current development in the renewable energy in Southeast Asia. The article also analyses feed‐in tariff policy to further support the development of the renewable energy sector in Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand, and Viet Nam. More investments in renewable energy could be attracted given the same level of feed‐in tariff rates, contract length, and capacity cap by improving feed‐in tariff policy predictability. Southeast Asian countries could consider modification of their feed‐in tariffs suggested by the literature, such as for renewable energy generation accompanied with energy storage, tariff degression, caped capacity per region or grid, capacity‐augmentation‐tariff that are differentiated across different types and locations of intermittent power. Few of these features of feed‐in tariff policy are already implemented in some Southeast Asian countries.

This article is categorized under:

Energy Policy and Planning > Economics and Policy

Energy and Climate > Economics and Policy
New insights into dietary management of polar bears (Ursus maritimus) and brown bears (U. arctos)
Authors: Robbins Charles T. , Tollefson Troy N. , Rode Karyn D. , Erlenbach Joy A. , Ardente Amanda J.
Published: November 2021

Although polar bears (Ursus maritimus) and brown bears (U. arctos) have been exhibited in zoological gardens for centuries, little is known about their nutritional needs. Multiple recent studies on both wild and captive polar bears and brown bears have found that they voluntarily select dietary macronutrient proportions resulting in much lower dietary protein and higher fat or digestible carbohydrate concentrations than are currently fed in most zoos. These lower protein concentrations selected by both species maximized growth rates and efficiencies of energy utilization in brown bears and may play a role in reducing kidney, liver, and cardiovascular diseases in both species. Therefore, we propose the need for the development of new dietary regimens for both species in managed care that better reflect their macronutrient needs. We developed a new kibble that is higher in fat and lower in protein than typical diets that have been fed in managed care, has a fatty acid profile more consistent with wild bear diets, and has been readily consumed by both brown bears and polar bears. The kibble can be fed as the sole diet or as part of more complex diets with additional fruits, meats, or vegetables. Because many nutritional deficiencies and related diseases can take months or years to appear, we urge caution and continued long‐term monitoring of bears and their diets to ensure their optimal health.
Introduction: Coming to Terms with Technoscience
Authors: Zwart Hub
Published: November 2021

In contemporary philosophy of science, continental approaches such as dialectics, phenomenology and psychoanalysis tend to be underrepresented compared to analytical and sociological ones, but the reverse is also true. Whereas continental philosophical discourse tends to focus on author studies, the urgency of coming to terms with contemporary technoscience often remains unrecognised. This volume builds on the conviction that a mutual exposure and confrontation between continental philosophy and contemporary technoscience is urgent and beneficial for both.
Work-Life Integration in Academia: From Myth to Reality
Authors: Barbu Sophie J. , McDonald Karen , Singh Binnie , Grindstaff Laura
Published: November 2021

Work-life integration is often considered the stuff of myth, especially for women in academia. The inherent conflict between an identity as a mother or parent and that as a working professional effectively limits diversity efforts in STEM. Addressing this conflict is therefore crucial to creating a more inclusive academic environment. Work-life integration has two fundamental components—structural and cultural. Workplace polices need to enable attainment of work and life goals; at the same time, the work culture is important in assuring individuals take advantage of existing policies. In this chapter, we review several work-life integration interventions at UC Davis, including the Partner Opportunity Program and Capital Resource Network. We discuss the challenges associated with these and other efforts during the implementation of our ADVANCE programs. We also make recommendations for improving work-life integration in academia and beyond—to turn myth into reality.
Advice Not Taken
Authors: Bisson Linda F. , de Leon Siantz Mary Lou , Grindstaff Laura
Published: November 2021

Advice on how to build a more-inclusive academic community is emerging; however, this chapter suggests that such advice warrants “a grain of salt” depending on two circumstances: (1) the organizational culture needing to be “fixed,” and (2) the existence of extra-organizational factors that may shape how transformation can proceed. First, the existing organizational culture affects the processes needed to achieve a more-inclusive community, and defines what “more inclusive” will look like. Programs shown to be effective at one institution might not be effective at another. External factors may also affect local culture. For example, a long-standing ban on affirmative action programs and quota systems at the University of California meant that, even though other institutions found them to be effective, replicating those programs was not an option. The second concern derives from the nature of change needed. Barriers to inclusion are deeply rooted in historical traditions, ideologies, and social practices outside of any single organization, and often these barriers are applied unconsciously. This means genuine cultural transformation will occur only if the organizational community as a whole is committed to that change.
Barriers to Inclusion: Social Roots and Current Concerns
Authors: Grindstaff Laura
Published: November 2021

A working knowledge of the roots of, and barriers to, diversity, equity, and inclusion within organizations is essential to creating a more inclusive community, both in and beyond the academy. Structural inequalities arise and are reproduced at multiple levels simultaneously, each reinforcing the other: socially through interaction, culturally through ideas, values, and representations, and institutionally through formal rules and procedures as well as informally through taken-for-granted norms and practices. This chapter focuses primarily on the socio-cultural and cognitive factors identified by scholars as important barriers to achieving a diverse, inclusive academic community. Identity exclusion, stereotyping, and implicit bias, among other barriers, play a role, and, together with inequitable distribution of opportunities and resources, produce and reproduce racial and gendered inequalities. Identifying barriers to inclusion and understanding how they shape behavior is critical to eliminating them.
Black holes with topological charges in Chern-Simons AdS5 supergravity
Authors: Andrianopoli Laura , Giribet Gaston , Díaz Darío López , Miskovic Olivera
Published: November 2021

Abstract

We study static black hole solutions with locally spherical horizons coupled to non-Abelian field in$$ \mathcal{N} $$N= 4 Chern-Simons AdS5supergravity. They are governed by three parameters associated to the mass, axial torsion and amplitude of the internal soliton, and two ones to the gravitational hair. They describe geometries that can be a global AdS space, naked singularity or a (non-)extremal black hole. We analyze physical properties of two inequivalent asymptotically AdS solutions when the spatial section at radial infinity is either a 3-sphere or a projective 3-space. An important feature of these 3-parametric solutions is that they possess a topological structure including two SU(2) solitons that wind nontrivially around the black hole horizon, as characterized by the Pontryagin index. In the extremal black hole limit, the solitons’ strengths match and a soliton-antisoliton system unwinds. That limit admits both non-BPS and BPS configurations. For the latter, the pure gauge and non-pure gauge solutions preserve 1/2 and 1/16 of the original supersymmetries, respectively. In a general case, we compute conserved charges in Hamiltonian formalism, finding many similarities with standard supergravity black holes.
Yukawa textures from singular spectral data
Authors: Karkheiran Mohsen
Published: November 2021

Abstract

The Yukawa textures of effective heterotic models are studied by using singular spectral data. One advantage of this approach is that it is possible to dissect the cohomologies of the bundles into smaller parts and identify the pieces that contain the zero modes, which can potentially have non-zero Yukawa couplings. Another advantage is the manifest relationship between the Yukawa textures in heterotic models and local F-theory models in terms of fields living in bulk or localized inside the 7-branes. We only work with Weierstrass elliptically fibered Calabi-Yau manifolds here. The idea for generalizing this approach to every elliptically fibered Calabi-Yau with rational sections is given at the end of this paper.
Juvenile Dermatomyositis Magnetic Resonance Imaging Score (JIS) does not correlate with criteria for clinically inactive disease: a single-centre retrospective evaluation
Authors: Gargh Kapil , Al-Abadi Eslam , Low Samantha , Harrison Kathryn , Coles William , Davis Penny , Johnson Karl
Published: November 2021

The Paediatric Rheumatology International Trials Organisation (PRINTO) criteria for clinically inactive disease (CID) and their proposal for glucocorticoid tapering do not consider MRI findings, despite the growing use of MRI and development of reliable MRI scoring tools. We aim to evaluate how CID correlates with MRI scores and physician decision making. We retrospectively used the Juvenile Dermatomyositis Imaging Score (JIS) to score MRIs of all children with JDM over a 10-year period. Demographic, diagnosis, treatment and core set measures data were collected. Correlation between CID and JIS was assessed as well as correlation with the physician treatment decision. There were 25 patients with 59 follow-up episodes to analyse correlation between physician treatment decision and JIS; and 50 episodes for the CID category and JIS correlation. JIS was not significantly associated with the CID category but did correlate with the physician decision. No significant association was found between clinical decision and CID category. The JIS area under the ROC curve (AUC) was 0.80 (95% CI 0.62–0.99) with a score ≥ 8 to predict an escalation. JIS sensitivity and specificity were both 78% with accuracy of 78%, compared to only 67%, 46% and 49%, respectively, for the CID criteria. Clinical criteria alone are not sufficient to assess disease activity status. Clinical decision trends correlated to MRI findings but not PRINTO CID criteria. Multi centre prospective studies are needed to replicate our findings and establish how to best use MRI as a biomarker of disease activity.
Radiation dose reduction with deep-learning image reconstruction for coronary computed tomography angiography
Authors: Benz Dominik C. , Ersözlü Sara , Mojon François L. A. , Messerli Michael , Mitulla Anna K. , Ciancone Domenico , Kenkel David , Schaab Jan A. , Gebhard Catherine , Pazhenkottil Aju P. , Kaufmann Philipp A. , Buechel Ronny R.
Published: November 2021

Objectives

Deep-learning image reconstruction (DLIR) offers unique opportunities for reducing image noise without degrading image quality or diagnostic accuracy in coronary CT angiography (CCTA). The present study aimed at exploiting the capabilities of DLIR to reduce radiation dose and assess its impact on stenosis severity, plaque composition analysis, and plaque volume quantification.

Methods

This prospective study includes 50 patients who underwent two sequential CCTA scans at normal-dose (ND) and lower-dose (LD). ND scans were reconstructed with Adaptive Statistical Iterative Reconstruction-Veo (ASiR-V) 100%, and LD scans with DLIR. Image noise (in Hounsfield units, HU) and quantitative plaque volumes (in mm3) were assessed quantitatively. Stenosis severity was visually categorized into no stenosis (0%), stenosis (< 20%, 20–50%, 51–70%, 71–90%, 91–99%), and occlusion (100%). Plaque composition was classified as calcified, non-calcified, or mixed.

Results

Reduction of radiation dose from ND scans with ASiR-V 100% to LD scans with DLIR at the highest level (DLIR-H; 1.4 mSv vs. 0.8 mSv, p < 0.001) had no impact on image noise (28 vs. 27 HU, p = 0.598). Reliability of stenosis severity and plaque composition was excellent between ND scans with ASiR-V 100% and LD scans with DLIR-H (intraclass correlation coefficients of 0.995 and 0.974, respectively). Comparison of plaque volumes using Bland–Altman analysis revealed a mean difference of − 0.8 mm3 (± 2.5 mm3) and limits of agreement between − 5.8 and + 4.1 mm3.

Conclusion

DLIR enables a reduction in radiation dose from CCTA by 43% without significant impact on image noise, stenosis severity, plaque composition, and quantitative plaque volume.

Key Points

•Deep-learning image reconstruction (DLIR) enables radiation dose reduction by over 40% for coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA).

•Image noise remains unchanged between a normal-dose CCTA reconstructed by ASiR-V and a lower-dose CCTA reconstructed by DLIR.

•There is no impact on the assessment of stenosis severity, plaque composition, and quantitative plaque volume between the two scans.
Stratification of adolescents across mental phenomena emphasizes the importance of transdiagnostic distress: a replication in two general population cohorts
Authors: Stochl Jan , Jones Hannah , Soneson Emma , Wagner Adam P. , Khandaker Golam M. , Zammit Stanley , Heron Jon , Hammerton Gemma , Bullmore Edward T. , Dolan Ray , Fonagy Peter , Goodyer Ian M. , Perez J. , Jones Peter B.
Published: November 2021

Characterizing patterns of mental phenomena in epidemiological studies of adolescents can provide insight into the latent organization of psychiatric disorders. This avoids the biases of chronicity and selection inherent in clinical samples, guides models of shared aetiology within psychiatric disorders and informs the development and implementation of interventions. We applied Gaussian mixture modelling to measures of mental phenomena from two general population cohorts: the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC, n = 3018) and the Neuroscience in Psychiatry Network (NSPN, n = 2023). We defined classes according to their patterns of both positive (e.g. wellbeing and self-esteem) and negative (e.g. depression, anxiety, and psychotic experiences) phenomena. Subsequently, we characterized classes by considering the distribution of diagnoses and sex split across classes. Four well-separated classes were identified within each cohort. Classes primarily differed by overall severity of transdiagnostic distress rather than particular patterns of phenomena akin to diagnoses. Further, as overall severity of distress increased, so did within-class variability, the proportion of individuals with operational psychiatric diagnoses. These results suggest that classes of mental phenomena in the general population of adolescents may not be the same as those found in clinical samples. Classes differentiated only by overall severity support the existence of a general, transdiagnostic mental distress factor and have important implications for intervention.
Accuracy of H. pylori fecal antigen test using fecal immunochemical test (FIT)
Authors: Nieuwenburg S. A. V. , Mommersteeg M. C. , Wolters L. M. M. , van Vuuren A. J. , Erler N. , Peppelenbosch M. P. , Fuhler G. M. , Bruno M. J. , Kuipers E. J. , Spaander M. C. W.
Published: November 2021

Background

Gastric and colorectal cancer (CRC) are both one of the most common cancers worldwide. In many countries fecal immunochemical tests (FIT)-based CRC screening has been implemented. We investigated if FIT can also be applied for detection of H. pylori, the main risk factor for gastric cancer.

Methods

This prospective study included participants over 18 years of age referred for urea breath test (UBT). Patients were excluded if they had used antibiotics/bismuth in the past 4 weeks, or a proton pomp inhibitor (PPI) in the past 2 weeks. Participants underwent UBT, ELISA stool antigen test in standard feces tube (SAT), ELISA stool antigen test in FIT tube (Hp-FIT), and blood sampling, and completed a questionnaire on user friendliness. UBT results were used as reference.

Results

A total of 182 patients were included (37.4% male, median age 52.4 years (IQR 22.4)). Of these, 60 (33.0%) tested H. pylori positive. SAT and Hp-FIT showed comparable overall accuracy 71.1% (95%CI 63.2–78.3) vs. 77.6% (95%CI 70.4–83.8), respectively (p = 0.97). Sensitivity of SAT was 91.8% (95%CI 80.4–97.7) versus 94.2% (95%CI 84.1–98.9) of Hp-FIT (p = 0.98). Serology scored low with an overall accuracy of 49.7% (95%CI 41.7–57.7). Hp-FIT showed the highest overall user convenience.

Conclusions

FIT can be used with high accuracy and sensitivity for diagnosis of H. pylori and is rated as the most convenient test. Non-invasive Hp-FIT test is highly promising for combined upper and lower gastrointestinal (pre-) cancerous screening. Further research should investigate the clinical implications, benefits and cost-effectiveness of such an approach.
Folgen eines höheren CO2-Preises in der EU — wer gewinnt, wer verliert?
Authors: Mahlkow Hendrik , Petersen Thieß , Wanner Joschka
Published: November 2021

Damit die EU ihre ambitionierten Klimaschutzziele erreichen kann, werden die Preise für Treibhausgasemissionen in den nächsten Jahren spürbar steigen. Das hat ökonomische Auswirkungen für die EU-Mitgliedsländer, aber auch den Rest der Welt. Einzelne Sektoren und auch Volkswirtschaften werden davon unterschiedlich stark getroffen.
Der deutsche Venture-Capital-Markt — Investitionen und Rahmenbedingungen
Authors: Shafie Seyer , Liedtke Matthias , Asghari Reza
Published: November 2021

Innovative Start-ups sind aus mehreren Gründen durch ein hohes Risiko gekennzeichnet. Venture Capital (VC) ermöglicht es Start-ups, ihre Ideen zu Innovationen zu entwickeln und senkt das Risiko des Scheiterns. Diese Form der Finanzierung ist ein wesentlicher Bestandteil im globalen Wettbewerb. Der deutsche VC-Markt weist zumindest in der Spätphase der Unterstützung von Start-ups Mängel auf. Gegenüber den USA und China besteht ein erheblicher Aufholbedarf.
We Hold Ourselves Accountable: A Relational View of Team Accountability
Authors: Stewart Virginia R. , Snyder Deirdre G. , Kou Chia-Yu
Published: November 2021

Accountability is of universal interest to the business ethics community, but the emphasis to date has been primarily at the level of the industry, organization, or key individuals. This paper unites concepts from relational and felt accountability and team dynamics to provide an initial explanatory framework that emphasizes the importance of social interactions to team accountability. We develop a measure of team accountability using participants in the USA and Europe and then use it to study a cohort of 65 teams of Irish business students over three months as they complete a complex simulation. Our hypotheses test the origins of team accountability and its effects on subsequent team performance and attitudinal states. Results indicate that initial team accountability is strongly related to team trust, commitment, efficacy, and identifying with the team emotionally. In established teams, accountability increases effort and willingness to continue to collaborate but did not significantly improve task performance in this investigation.
Blood glucose prediction using multi-objective grammatical evolution: analysis of the “agnostic” and “what-if” scenarios
Authors: Contador Sergio , Colmenar J. Manuel , Garnica Oscar , Velasco J. Manuel , Hidalgo J. Ignacio
Published: November 2021

In this paper we investigate the benefits of applying a multi-objective approach for solving a symbolic regression problem by means of Grammatical Evolution. In particular, we extend previous work, obtaining mathematical expressions to model glucose levels in the blood of diabetic patients. Here we use a multi-objective Grammatical Evolution approach based on the NSGA-II algorithm, considering the root-mean-square error and an ad-hoc fitness function as objectives. This ad-hoc function is based on the Clarke Error Grid analysis, which is useful for showing the potential danger of mispredictions in diabetic patients. In this work, we use two datasets to analyse two different scenarios: What-if and Agnostic, the most common in daily clinical practice. In the What-if scenario, where future events are evaluated, results show that the multi-objective approach improves previous results in terms of Clarke Error Grid analysis by reducing the number of dangerous mispredictions. In the Agnostic situation, with no available information about future events, results suggest that we can obtain good predictions with only information from the previous hour for both Grammatical Evolution and Multi-Objective Grammatical Evolution.
Veritable Untruths: Autistic Traits and the Processing of Deception
Authors: Li Wei , Rohde Hannah , Corley Martin
Published: November 2021

How do we decide whether a statement is literally true? Here, we contrast participants’ eventual evaluations of a speaker’s meaning with the real-time processes of comprehension. We record participants’ eye movements as they respond to potentially misleading instructions to click on one of two objects which might be concealing treasure (the treasure is behind thee, uh, hat). Participants are less likely to click on the named object when the instructions are disfluent. However, when hearing disfluent utterances, a tendency to fixate the named object early increases with participants’ autism quotient scores. This suggests that, even where utterances are equivalently understood, the processes by which interpretations are achieved vary across individuals.
Stream-based active learning for sliding windows under the influence of verification latency
Authors: Pham Tuan , Kottke Daniel , Krempl Georg , Sick Bernhard
Published: November 2021

Stream-based active learning (AL) strategies minimize the labeling effort by querying labels that improve the classifier’s performance the most. So far, these strategies neglect the fact that an oracle or expert requires time to provide a queried label. We show that existing AL methods deteriorate or even fail under the influence of such verification latency. The problem with these methods is that they estimate a label’s utility on the currently available labeled data. However, when this label would arrive, some of the current data may have gotten outdated and new labels have arrived. In this article, we propose to simulate the available data at the time when the label would arrive. Therefore, our method Forgetting and Simulating (FS) forgets outdated information and simulates the delayed labels to get more realistic utility estimates. We assume to know the label’s arrival date a priori and the classifier’s training data to be bounded by a sliding window. Our extensive experiments show that FS improves stream-based AL strategies in settings with both, constant and variable verification latency.
Multiway p-spectral graph cuts on Grassmann manifolds
Authors: Pasadakis Dimosthenis , Alappat Christie Louis , Schenk Olaf , Wellein Gerhard
Published: November 2021

Nonlinear reformulations of the spectral clustering method have gained a lot of recent attention due to their increased numerical benefits and their solid mathematical background. We present a novel direct multiway spectral clustering algorithm in thep-norm, for$$p\in (1,2]$$p∈(1,2]. The problem of computing multiple eigenvectors of the graphp-Laplacian, a nonlinear generalization of the standard graph Laplacian, is recasted as an unconstrained minimization problem on a Grassmann manifold. The value ofpis reduced in a pseudocontinuous manner, promoting sparser solution vectors that correspond to optimal graph cuts aspapproaches one. Monitoring the monotonic decrease of the balanced graph cuts guarantees that we obtain the best available solution from thep-levels considered. We demonstrate the effectiveness and accuracy of our algorithm in various artificial test-cases. Our numerical examples and comparative results with various state-of-the-art clustering methods indicate that the proposed method obtains high quality clusters both in terms of balanced graph cut metrics and in terms of the accuracy of the labelling assignment. Furthermore, we conduct studies for the classification of facial images and handwritten characters to demonstrate the applicability in real-world datasets.
Mechanisms of ATP release in pain: role of pannexin and connexin channels
Authors: Muñoz Manuel F. , Griffith Theanne N. , Contreras Jorge E.
Published: November 2021

Pain is a physiological response to bodily damage and serves as a warning of potential threat. Pain can also transform from an acute response to noxious stimuli to a chronic condition with notable emotional and psychological components that requires treatment. Indeed, the management of chronic pain is currently an important unmet societal need. Several reports have implicated the release of the neurotransmitter adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and subsequent activation of purinergic receptors in distinct pain etiologies. Purinergic receptors are broadly expressed in peripheral neurons and the spinal cord; thus, purinergic signaling in sensory neurons or in spinal circuits may be critical for pain processing. Nevertheless, an outstanding question remains: what are the mechanisms of ATP release that initiate nociceptive signaling? Connexin and pannexin channels are established conduits of ATP release and have been suggested to play important roles in a variety of pathologies, including several models of pain. As such, these large-pore channels represent a new and exciting putative pharmacological target for pain treatment. Herein, we will review the current evidence for a role of connexin and pannexin channels in ATP release during nociceptive signaling, such as neuropathic and inflammatory pain. Collectively, these studies provide compelling evidence for an important role of connexins and pannexins in pain processing.
Alternatives or syntactic negation? Adults’ and children’s preferences for constructing counterfactual possibilities
Authors: Gómez-Sánchez Jesica , Moreno-Ríos Sergio , Frosch Caren
Published: November 2021

Reasoning with counterfactuals such as “if his sister had entered silently, the child would have been awake”, requires considering what is conjectured (“his sister entered silently”) and what is the counterfactual possibility (“his sister did not enter silently”). In two experiments, we test how both adults (Study 1) and children from 8 to 12 years (Study 2) construct counterfactual possibilities about the cause of an effect (“the child was awake because…”). We test specifically whether people construct the counterfactual possibility by recovering alternatives, for example, “the alarm clock sounded” or by using the syntactic negation using propositional symbols (“his sister did not enter silently”). Moreover, as children show difficulty in thinking with abstract contents, we test whether they construct the counterfactual possibility more readily by recovering concrete alternatives (“the alarm clock sounded”) rather than abstract alternatives (“he had trouble sleeping”). Results showed that children, as well as adults, recovered the alternative as the cause of the effect rather than the negation. Moreover, children, unlike adults, created the counterfactual possibility more frequently by recovering concrete situations rather than abstract situations.
Multimodal Modeling: Bridging Biosemiotics and Social Semiotics
Authors: Olteanu Alin
Published: November 2021

This paper explores a semiotic notion of body as starting point for bridging biosemiotic with social semiotic theory. The cornerstone of the argument is that the social semiotic criticism of the classic view of meaning as double articulation can support the criticism of language-centrism that lies at the foundation of biosemiotics. Besides the pragmatic epistemological advantages implicit in a theoretical synthesis, I argue that this brings a semiotic contribution to philosophy of mind broadly. Also, it contributes to overcoming the polemic in linguistics between, loosely put, cognitive universalism and cultural relativism. This possibility is revealed by the recent convergence of various semiotic theories towards a criticism of the classic notion of meaning as double articulation. In biosemiotics, the interest to explicate meaning as multiply articulated stems from the construal ofUmweltas relying on the variety of sense perception channels and semiotic systems that a species has at its disposal. Recently, social semiotics developed an unexplored interest for embodiment by starting from the other end, namely the consideration of the modal heterogeneity of meaning. To bridge these notions, I employ the cognitive semantic notion of embodiment and Mittelberg’s cognitive semiotic notion of exbodiment. In light of these, I explore the possible intricacies between the biosemiotic notion of primary modeling system and concepts referring to preconceptual structures for knowledge organization stemming from cognitive linguistics. Further, Mittelberg’s concept of exbodiment allows for a construal of meaning articulation as mediation between the exbodying and embodying directions of mind.
Contrasting Narratives of Race and Fatness in Covid-19
Authors: Chellappoo Azita
Published: November 2021

The slogan that ‘the virus doesn’t discriminate’ has been belied by the emergence of stark and persistent disparities in rates of infection, hospitalisation, and death from Covid-19 between various social groups. I focus on two groups that have been disproportionately affected, and that have been constructed or designated as particularly ‘at-risk’ during the Covid-19 pandemic: racial or ethnic minorities and fat people. I trace the range of narratives that have arisen in the context of explaining these disparities, in both the scientific literature and wider expert and public discourse. I show that the scientific and public narratives around these groups have differed significantly, revealing contested and competing conceptions of the basis of these categories themselves. These different conceptions have important impacts on the kinds of interventions that become possible or desirable. I show that in the case of racial or ethnic disparities, genetic narratives have been combatted by a strong focus on structural racism as a driver of pandemic inequalities. However, in the case of fatness, individualising and stigmatising narratives have dominated discussions. I suggest that, given racial or ethnic differences in prevalence of fatness, and scholarship casting anti-fatness as historically racialised, the stigmatisation of fatness disproportionately affects racial or ethnic minorities in terms of placing individual blame or responsibility for the increased burden of Covid-19 on these groups. Despite widespread acknowledgement of the role of structural racism in driving racial inequalities in the burden of Covid-19, anti-obesity rhetoric and research provides a ‘backdoor’ to placing blame on individuals from racial minorities.
Kinematics of a screw linkage
Authors: Zhao Jing-Shan , Wei Song-Tao , Ji Junjie
Published: November 2021

This paper proposes a kinematics methodology in twist coordinates for screw linkages. Based on the definition of a twist, both the angular velocity of a link and the linear velocity of a point on it may be explicitly represented in twist coordinates. Through integration on the twist solution numerically or analytically, we may obtain the displacements. By differential or numerical differential interpolation of the twist, we can find the accelerations of the link. The most outstanding advantage of this kinematic algorithm is that only the numerical differential interpolation of the first order is required to calculate the acceleration while only the first order integration of the twist is enough to compute the displacement. This merit makes it particularly fit for developing programmes to accomplish the kinematics analysis of a spatial linkage.
The long-term stability of residual stresses in steel
Authors: Mueller Eckehard
Published: November 2021

There is frequent debate over the long-term stability of calibration specimens. It is an essential component of monitoring, especially for X-ray diffraction equipment used to determine residual stresses. If residual stresses are stable, a second consideration is that the residual stress should not be close to 0 MPa. If such specimens are available for monitoring, it is more sensitive concerning changes. These are key requirements when developing calibration specimens. In this study five specimens were observed, one of them was tested for more than 20 years. The stresses were determined with X-ray diffractometers. In the last four years two different X-ray methods for determination were used. It can be shown that high compressive residual stress does not change in steel if the specimens had no dynamic or static load and were stored under normal laboratory conditions.

Article Highlights

Finding a material in which compressive residual stress is stable

Showing that the stability of compressive residual stress is over a long term

The stability of the compressive residual stress is in a great range
Bioeconomy and Circular Economy: Implications for Economic Evaluation in the Post-COVID Era
Authors: Viaggi Davide , Zavalloni Matteo
Published: November 2021

The objective of this paper is to review selected insights about the current economic research on the Bioeconomy and circular economy, with a particular focus for the role of primary sector, and to derive implications for organisation, evaluation and valuation practice in the context of the post-COVID era. A framework for the analysis of optimal level of circularity and related economic and evaluation concepts is developed for this purpose. We highlight how higher focus on circularity will increase the complexity of market relationships, contributing to flexibility, but also to uncertainty. The paper argues that these issues will become more important in the post-COVID era, due to the plea for increasing Bioeconomy resilience. New organisational concepts and models are hence needed. Evaluation, on the other hand, will need to be embedded even more in the decision-making processes, in spite of the increasing uncertainty and difficulties in evaluation.
Representing the Disadvantaged
Authors: McNally Katrina F.
Published: November 2021

The limited attention Congress gives to disadvantaged or marginalized groups, including Black Americans, LGBTQ, Latinx, women, and the poor, is well known and often remarked upon. This is the first full-length study to focus instead on those members who do advocate for these groups and when and why they do so. Katrina F. McNally develops the concept of an 'advocacy window' that develops as members of Congress consider incorporating disadvantaged group advocacy into their legislative portfolios. Using new data, she analyzes the impact of constituency factors, personal demographics, and institutional characteristics on the likelihood that members of the Senate or House of Representatives will decide to cultivate a reputation as a disadvantaged group advocate. By comparing legislative activism across different disadvantaged groups rather than focusing on one group in isolation, this study provides fresh insight into the tradeoffs members face as they consider taking up issues important to different groups. This title is available as open access on Cambridge Core.
Hegel and the Problem of Affluence
Authors: HEISENBERG THIMO
Published: November 2021

It is widely known that Hegel'sPhilosophy of Rightrecognizes poverty as one of the central problems of modern civil society. What is much less well known, however, is that Hegel sees yet another structural problem at theopposite side of the economic spectrum: a problem of affluence. Indeed, as I show in this essay, Hegel's text contains a detailed—yet sometimes overlooked—discussion of the detrimental psychological and sociological effects of great wealth and how to counter them. By bringing this discussion to the fore, we get a more complete picture of Hegel's theory of civil society (and of some of its central concepts, such as ‘the rabble') and shed light on an aspect of Hegel's social philosophy that speaks to problems we face today.
On the commuting probability for subgroups of a finite group
Authors: Detomi Eloisa , Shumyatsky Pavel
Published: November 2021

Let$K$be a subgroup of a finite group$G$. The probability that an element of$G$commutes with an element of$K$is denoted by$Pr(K,G)$. Assume that$Pr(K,G)\geq \epsilon$for some fixed$\epsilon >0$. We show that there is a normal subgroup$T\leq G$and a subgroup$B\leq K$such that the indices$[G:T]$and$[K:B]$and the order of the commutator subgroup$[T,B]$are$\epsilon$-bounded. This extends the well-known theorem, due to P. M. Neumann, that covers the case where$K=G$. We deduce a number of corollaries of this result. A typical application is that if$K$is the generalized Fitting subgroup$F^{*}(G)$then$G$has a class-2-nilpotent normal subgroup$R$such that both the index$[G:R]$and the order of the commutator subgroup$[R,R]$are$\epsilon$-bounded. In the same spirit we consider the cases where$K$is a term of the lower central series of$G$, or a Sylow subgroup, etc.