bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Full Reference Objective Quality Assessment for Reconstructed Background Images
Authors: Shrotre Aditee , Karam Lina J.
Published: May 2018

With an increased interest in applications that require a clean background image, such as video surveillance, object tracking, street view imaging and location-based services on web-based maps, multiple algorithms have been developed to reconstruct a background image from cluttered scenes. Traditionally, statistical measures and existing image quality techniques have been applied for evaluating the quality of the reconstructed background images. Though these quality assessment methods have been widely used in the past, their performance in evaluating the perceived quality of the reconstructed background image has not been verified. In this work, we discuss the shortcomings in existing metrics and propose a full reference Reconstructed Background image Quality Index (RBQI) that combines color and structural information at multiple scales using a probability summation model to predict the perceived quality in the reconstructed background image given a reference image. To compare the performance of the proposed quality index with existing image quality assessment measures, we construct two different datasets consisting of reconstructed background images and corresponding subjective scores. The quality assessment measures are evaluated by correlating their objective scores with human subjective ratings. The correlation results show that the proposed RBQI outperforms all the existing approaches. Additionally, the constructed datasets and the corresponding subjective scores provide a benchmark to evaluate the performance of future metrics that are developed to evaluate the perceived quality of reconstructed background images.
Impact of Plug-in Electric Vehicles Integrated into Power Distribution System based on Voltage Dependent Power Flow
Authors: Kongjeen Yuttana , Bhumkittipich Krischonme
Published: May 2018

This paper proposes the impact of plug-in electric vehicles integrated into power distribution system based on voltage dependent control. The plug-in electric vehicles was modeled as the static load model in power distribution systems under balanced load condition. The power flow analysis is determined by using the basic parameters of the electrical network. The main point of this study are compare with voltage magnitude profiles, load voltage deviation, and total power losses of the electrical power system. There are investigating the affected from constant power load, constant current load, constant impedance load and plug-in electric vehicles load, respectively. The IEEE 33 bus test system is used to test the proposed method by assigning each load type to a balanced load in steady state and applied the solving methodology based on the bus injection to branch injection matric, branch current to bus voltage matrix, and current injection matrix to solve the power flow problem. The simulation results showed that the plug-in electric vehicles load had the lowest impact compared to other loads. The lowest plug-in values for the electric vehicle loads were 0.062, 119.67 kW and 79.31 kVar for the load voltage deviation, total active power loss and total reactive power loss, respectively. Therefore, this study can be verified that the plug-in electric vehicles load were affected to the lowest of the electrical power system in condition to same sizing and position. So that, in condition to the plug-in electric vehicles load added into the electrical power system with the conventional load type or complex load type could be considered that the affected from the plug-in electric vehicles load in next study.
Small Scale Modular Multilevel Converter for Multi Terminal DC Networks Applications: System Control Validation
Authors: Talon Louokdom Elie , Gavin Serge , Siemaszko Daniel , Biya-Motto Frédéric , Essimbi Zobo Bernard , Marchesoni Mario , Carpita Mauro
Published: May 2018

This paper presents the design and implementation of a digital control system for modular multilevel converters (MMC) and its use in a 5-kW small scale prototype. To achieve higher system control reliability and multi-functionality, the proposed architecture has been built with an effective split of the control tasks between a master controller and six slave controllers, one for each of the six arms of the converter. The MMC prototype have been used for testing both converter and system level controls in a reduced scale laboratory set up of a Multi-Terminal DC transmission network (MTDC). The whole control has been tested in order to validate the proposed control strategies. The tests performed at system level allowed to explore the advantages of using an MMC in a MTDC system.
Indium-Catalyzed Direct Conversion of Lactones into Thiolactones Using a Disilathiane as a Sulfur Source
Authors: Ogiwara Yohei , Takano Ken , Horikawa Shuhei , Sakai Norio
Published: May 2018

Indium-catalyzed reaction of lactones and a disilathiane leading to thiolactones is described. The direct synthesis of thiolactones from lactones with an appropriate sulfur source is one of the most attractive approaches in organic and pharmaceutical chemistry. In this context, we found an indium-catalyzed direct conversion of lactones into thiolactones in the presence of elemental sulfur and a hydrosilane via formation of the disilathiane in-situ. On the basis of the previous reaction, the application utilizing the disilathiane as a sulfur source was performed herein for the efficient synthesis of a variety of thiolactone derivatives from lactones by an indium-catalyst.
3D Visualization Solution to Building Energy Diagnosis for Energy Feedback
Authors: Oh Tae-Keun , Lee Donghwan , Park Minsoo , Cha Gichun , Park Seunghee
Published: May 2018

Owing to the large ratio of consumption in the building sector, energy saving strategies are required. Energy feedback is an energy-saving strategy that consumers to change their energy-consumption behaviors. The strategy has been principally focused on providing energy-consumption information. However, realization of energy savings using only consumption information remains limited. In this paper, a building-energy three-dimensional (3D) visualization solution is thus proposed. This solution includes the process of diagnosing a building and providing prediction of energy requirements if a building improvement is undertaken. Accurate diagnostic information is provided by real-time measurement data from sensors and building models using a close-range photogrammetry (CRP) method without depending on blueprints. The information is provided by employing visualization effects to increase the energy-feedback efficiency. The proposed strategy is implemented on two testbeds, and building diagnostics are performed accordingly. For the first testbed, the predicted energy improvement amount resulting from the facility upgrade is provided. The second testbed is provided with a 3D visualization of the energy information. The aim is to determine if the building manager will replace the facility after our recommendation is given to improve the building energy efficiency driven from the energy information. Unlike existing systems, which provide only ambiguous data that lack quantitative information, this study is meaningful because it provides energy information with the aid of visualization effects before and after building improvements.
Optimization Experimental Procedure and Setup of a Guided Inquiry Laboratory Worksheet of Transesterification Reaction on Biodiesel Production
Authors: Dwiyanti Gebi , Suryatna Asep , Nurhayati Mita
Published: May 2018

The aims of this research are producing an optimal experiment procedure and determining the feasibility of a guided inquiry laboratory worksheet of transesterification reaction on biodiesel production context. This research used research and development methods that composed of two stages, initial product preparation and model development (until limited testing). The data sources of this research are 20 students grade XII of science, seven chemistry teachers and three lecturers from chemistry education program of FPMIPA UPI. The instruments that used in this research are optimization and observation sheets of inquiry stages implementation, rubric of assessment students’ answer, sheets of assessment by teacher and lecturer, and student’s response questionnaires. The optimization of biodiesel production is: 12 mL of palm oil is added into erlenmeyer flask that contained boiling stone, then added by 0.12 g Potasium hidroxide in 4.5 mL methanol solution. The erlenmeyer flask then closed by rubber stopper with test tube in the middle of rubber stopper that filled with water and heated at 45oC in water bath for 5 mins by shaking the flask. The feasibility of laboratory experiment is categorized as very good. Teacher and lecturer assessment on the concept conformity, language, and the appearance of worksheet is categorized as very good. Student’s responses of laboratory activity and the worksheet are good.
Study of Humic Acid Adsorption Equilibrium on Dual Nanofiber PMMA/PVDF
Authors: Zulfikar Muhammad Ali , Bahri Afdal , Nasir Muhamad
Published: May 2018

The main objective of this study is to investigate the isotherm sorption of humic acid (HA) from aqueous solution onto dual nanofiber PMMA/PVDF. Batch adsorption experiments were carried out using HA solution as an adsorbate under variety of concentration in the range of 50-200 mg/L. The experimental data were analyzed by the Langmuir, Freundlich and Sips models of adsorption. The experimental results indicate that, the adsorption capacity of HA adsorption increases with an increase in the HA concentrations. The adsorption of HA onto dual nanofiber PMMA/PVDF agrees well with the Langmuir isotherm models with the maximum adsorption capacity was found to be 137.40 mg g-1 at concentration of 100 mg L-1.
Analisis Kapasitas Perikanan dengan Pendekatan Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) di Perairan Utara Gorontalo
Authors: Olii Abdul Hafidz
Published: May 2018

Fishing capacity is ability of fishery input (boat) used in output production (catch), it measured by using fishing unit or other fishing gear production. In simple way, fishing capacity is an ability of fishing boat (with all aspects) to capture fish. This ability will depend on the fish stock to be captured (seasonally or yearly) and the ability of the fishing gear itself. The aims of this research are to analyze technical efficiency and capacity of capture fishery in between years, of fishing gear and of purse seine. Research location was in the northern water of Gorontalo. Data was analyzed using data envelopment analysis (DEA). The development of capture fishery in 20 years since 1986 - 2005 of the northern water of Gorontalo showed that 1995, 2003 and 2005 are the most efficient years compared to other years, therefore, these years can be used as a basic of allocating fishing effort and catch. The most efficient fishing gear was purse seine and line, whereas gill net is an inefficient fishing gear. For purse seine, there are 11 boats that have efficiency value of 1. In order to reach efficiency level of each purse seine, it needs to decrease the number of input such as reducing 27.97 percent of boat, reducing the length of fishing duration to 29.49 percent,reducing the length of fishing trip / tonnage month to 26.87 percent and reducing fishing operation cost to 15.67 percent.
Konvergensi Pendapatan Per kapitq di Provinsi Kalimantan Barat dan Kalimantan Timur Tahun 2001-2007 serta Faktor - Faktor yang Mempengaruhi
Authors: Kurniawati Sri , Suratman Eddy
Published: May 2018

This research is aimed to identify -disparity of per capita income in of the Kasaba border area (Kalimantan-Sarawak-Sabah) in West Kalimantan and East Kalimantan over the period 2001-2007. It was done by observing the coefficient variation that shows whether the sigma convergence happened or not. The other aims are to examine the determinant of beta convergence using OLS regressions with panel data. The results show that sigma convergence was not happened in West Kalimantan and East Kalimantan over the period 2001-2007. This indicated that the disparity of per capita income was happened. Beta convergence analysis indicated that absolute convergence was happened with convergence rate is 4.46 percent per year and the half-life convergence is 15.45 years. Development expenditure variable, work force participation rate and educational attainment were gave positive influence. On the other hand population growth variable was gave negative influence to the conditional convergence with convergence rate is 4.39 percent per year and the half-life convergence is 15.71 years.
Analisis Crowding Out Efiect dan Public Choice dalam Penentuan Anggaran Pendidikan Pemerintah Daerah Studi Kasus 337 Kab./Kota Periode 2001-2005 di Indonesia
Authors: U.M. Irfani Fithria
Published: May 2018

The Focus of this study is crowdi.ng out effect and public choice mechanism i.n determination of education expenditures of local government. Education spending has risen significantly over three last decades. Indonesia 2001's decentralization is rapidly moving the country from one of the most centralized system in the world to one of the most decenualized. The country has embarked on a program of fiscal, administrative and political decenu-alization at the same time. It has been asserted that larger education expenditures have caused local governments to spend less on other types of government services. Using panel of districts-level data for the period of 2001-2005, this study provides a test of the hypothesis that education spending has crowded out other types of spending and ties to find out which party in Indonesia that have preference in education. The results indicate that,for the period studied, there is evidence that i.ncreased local government education expenditures resulted in lower levels of speding on other categories of local government provided good and services. Only four parties that pro education are Golkar,Partai Keadi1an,Partai Persatuan Pembangunan(PPP) and Partai Kebangkitan Bangsa (PKB). Other results showed that districts located in Java spend higher education expenditures than out of Java and districts with natural resource revenue shares have higher education expenditures as well.
Analisis Kausalitas antara Sektor Keuangan dan Pertumbuhan Ekonomi di Indonesia
Authors: Maski Ghozali
Published: May 2018

The economic growth of the country is inseparable from the development of its financial sector. Therefore, this research attempted to prove the existence of causality between financial sector and economic growth in Indonesia using data between Q1 of 1996 to Q4 of 2006. The variables used as proxy for financial sector are monetization, private credit, total deposits, stock market capitalism, and stock market value traded—while the real GDP is used as a proxy for economic growth. This research aims to determine which variable is the most dominant influence in the shock given in causality result.This research methodology used Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) and Granger causality. VECM is used to find out the dominant variable that gave shock, while Granger causality is used to detect the causality between variables. Granger causality test shows the existence of one way causality between real GDP and private credit, total deposit, and stock market value traded. These causalities come from three sources. First, from real GDP to private credit; second, from real GDP to stock market value traded; and the last, from total deposit to real GDP. Meanwhile, VECM test shows the result that the economic growth can be a boosting factor for Indonesian financial sector growth. Moreover, the dominant variable in creating shock on economic growth is stock market value traded.The Granger causality estimation shows that there are one-way causalities between real GDP and private credit, total deposit, and stock market value traded.
Analisis Asimetri Harga Ikan Tuna di Sumatera Barat
Authors: Junaidi Junaidi , Saputra Wiko
Published: May 2018

The limited number of auction agents of tuna fish and the lack of infrastructure in auction center trigger the occurrence of third parties in marketing system. The collusion on price among agents occurs in auction center, especially in harvest season. The asymmetric information of the price between agent to consumer has occurred for a long time in West Sumatra and even in various regions in Indonesia. The challenges are how to develop fisheries and minimize poverty which occur on fisherman. The aim of this research was to analyze the asymmetry of price of tuna fish at agents, sub-agents and retailers coming from three auction centers toward four regional markets in West Sumatra. Methodology used in this research was Boyd and Brorsen’s theory by using data on daily price of tuna fish. The result of this study reveals that asymmetry of price was found at auction centre in West Sumatra. This result indicated that the increasing of price at sub-agents was not followed with the increasing of price at agents. However, the increasing of price at sub-agents was directly followed with the increasing of price at retailers. -
Reputasi, Kredibilitas dan Relevansinya dalam Pengambilan Kebijakan
Authors: Kuncoro Ari
Published: May 2018

Bermula dari penerbitan karya Keynes dalam suasana Depresi Besar tahun 1930-an, "The General Theory of Employment, Interest and and Money, ilmu ekonomi berangsur secara formal terbagi menjadi dua, Mikroekonomi dan Makroekonomj. Mikroekonomi mempelajari tingkah laku ekonomi manusia secara perorangan, sementara cabang Makroekonomi mempelajari besaran-besaran ekonomi agregat yang berkaitan dengan perekonomian nasional sebagai satu unit analisa tersendiri, seperti pendapatan nasional, konsumsi masyarakat, investasi, jumlah uang beredar dan lain—lain. Ihnu Makroekonomi diperlukan karena tampaknya ilmu ekonomi yang sudah ada pada waktu ifu, yang notabene merupakan Ilmu Mikroekonomi tidak dapat memberikan petunjuk ke arah pemulihan ekonomi. Ilmu Ekonomi pada waktu itu meramalkan bahwa perekonomian akan menyembuhkan dirinya sendiri melalui mekanisme pasar (invisible hand) karena kepentingan-kepentingan pribadi pelaku-pelaku ekonomi melalui naluri maksimisasi kepuasan dan keuntungan akan menggerakkan perekonomian ke kondisi keseimbangan semula.
Instrumen Stimulus Fiskal: Pilihan Kebijakan dan Pengaruhnya terhadap Perekonomian
Authors: Wardhana Wisynu , Hartono Djoni
Published: May 2018

Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengidentikasi dampak dari pilihan instrumen stimulus skal terhadap pere-konomian, dan merumuskan pilihan kebijakan stimulus skal yang tepat dalam mendorong perekonomiankhususnya terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi, kesempatan kerja, dan pendapatan rumah tangga. Alatanalisis yang digunakan adalah model Applied General Equilibrium for Fiscal Policy Analysis (AGEFIS) dengan menggunakan basis data Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) Indonesia tahun 2005. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan bahwa (i) kebijakan stimulus skal mampu memberikan dorongan terhadap pertumbuhanekonomi, kesempatan kerja, dan pendapatan rumah tangga namun di sisi lain diperkirakan berpotensimenyebabkan peningkatan harga-harga, (ii) instrumen pengeluaran pemerintah dan pemotongan pajak atasbarang komoditas merupakan pilihan instrumen kebijakan stimulus yang memberikan dampak penggandapaling besar dalam mendorong pertumbuhan ekonomi, kesempatan kerja, dan pendapatan rumah tangga.
Pembangunan Indeks Kinerja Industri
Authors: Setiawati Dewi , Nachrowi Nachrowi Djalal
Published: May 2018

AbstractThis research develops Industrial Performance Index and shows annual performance index among industries through all and each indicator from 2004 to 2007. There are three criteria and 19 indicators, (1) output (value added, wage, firm), (2) production factor (labor, capital, and technological progress), (3) production cost (labor and capital productivity, material and energy efficiency). The result shows the best performance industry, (1) in 2007 is transportation industry excluded four or more wheel vehicle, (2) in 2006 is recycling industry, (3) in 2005 is machinery and office equipment industry, (4) in 2004 is food and beverage industry.Keywords: Industrial Performance Index, Spider Diagram AbstrakStudi ini membangun indeks kinerja industri relatif subsektor industri per-indikator dan subsektor industri unggulan pada periode tertentu. Ada tiga ukuran dan sembilan belas indikator yang dipilih yaitu, output (nilai tambah, upah, jumlah perusahaan), faktor produksi (tenaga kerja, barang modal, dan kemajuan teknologi), dan biaya produksi (produktivitas tenaga kerja dan barang modal, efisiensi penggunaan material dan energi). Hasil perhitungan memperlihatkan subsektor industri unggulan pada tahun: (i) 2007 adalah industri alat angkutan, selain kendaraan bermotor roda empat atau lebih, (ii) 2006 adalah industri daur ulang, (iii) 2005 adalah industri mesin dan peralatan kantor, akuntansi dan pengolahan data, dan (iv) 2004 adalah industri makanan dan minuman.Kata kunci: Indeks Kinerja Industri, Spider Diagram
Pengaruh Konsentrasi Partai Politik di Daerah terhadap Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Daerah
Authors: Sugiyanto Catur , Handoko Budiono Sri , Adinusa Ilham
Published: May 2018

In the Indonesia democracy, the multiparty system is used as one of the canal to aggregate the public aspirations. This mechanism is supported by Law No. 25/1999 about fiscal decentralization and a series of related regulations. It is also supported by direct election for regional head (Pilkada). As such, the winning political parties may influence the local government budget allocation which finally transform into the economic growth. This study estimates the influence of party politic concentration on the local economic growth. The data used is the local government election of 2004 and 2009 from 55 regions (cities). The concentration of political power in regional legislatives is measured by using Herfindahl Hirschman Index (HHI). The results of analysis confirm that the more concentrated political power in the regional legislative results lower economic growth.AbstrakDalam dinamika demokrasi Indonesia, mekanisme multipartai merupakan salah satu cara untuk mengatur aspirasi. Mekanisme ini didukung Undang-Undang No. 25 Tahun 1999 mengenai desentralisasi fiskal dan dinamika perubahannya. Pemilihan Kepala Daerah (Pilkada) langsung pun turut mendukung mekanisme demokrasi di daerah. Partai politik pemenang pilkada akan memengaruhi pola alokasi anggaran daerah yang akhirnya bisa berdampak pada efektivitas pengeluaran pemerintah. Studi ini mengestimasi seberapa besar pengaruh konsentrasi partai di daerah terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi di daerah. Analisis menggunakan data 55 kabupaten/kota tahun 2004 dan 2009. Konsentrasi partai politik di dalam parlemen di daerah diukur dari proporsi anggota dewan dari masing-masing partai politik menggunakan Herfindahl Hirschman Index (HHI). Data tahun 2004 dan 2009 mengonfirmasi bahwa semakin terkonsentrasinya anggota dewan pada satu partai politik tertentu, maka semakin rendah pertumbuhan ekonomi daerah tersebut.
Pengaruh Variabel Sosio-Demografis terhadap Mobilitas Ulang-Alik di Jabodetabek
Authors: Warsida Rotua Yossina , Adioetomo Sri Moertiningsih , Pardede Elda
Published: May 2018

This study aims to explain the effect of socio-demographic variables i.e. sex, wage, employment status, and marital status on commuting in Jabodetabek. The result of binary logistic regression using Sakernas 2012 shows that male are more likely to commute than female. Male in formal sector have the highest probability to commute while by marital status, unmarried male have the highest probability to commute. The level of wage is positively related with the probability to commute although at certain level of wage, an increase in wage increases probability to commute among male lower than probability to commute among female.AbstrakStudi ini bertujuan untuk melihat pengaruh variabel sosio-demografis yaitu jenis kelamin, upah, status kerja, dan status kawin terhadap peluang mobilitas ulang-alik di Jabodetabek. Hasil regresi logit biner menggunakan data Sakernas 2012 menunjukkan bahwa laki-laki lebih cenderung untuk ulang-alik dibandingkan dengan perempuan. Peluang ulang-alik paling tinggi menurut status kerja adalah pada pekerja laki-laki di sektor formal dan menurut status kawin adalah pada pekerja laki-laki belum kawin. Ditemukan hubungan positif antara kenaikan tingkat upah dengan ulang-alik walaupun pada tingkat tertentu, kenaikan peluang ulang-alik untuk laki-laki akibat kenaikan tingkat upah lebih kecil dibandingkan kenaikan peluang ulang-alik untuk perempuan.
Kemiskinan dan Migrasi: Analisis Data SAKERTI 2000 dan 2007
Authors: Nabila Aulia , Pardede Elda L.
Published: May 2018

AbstractThis paper aims to analyze the effect of poverty on migration by using the IFLS 2000 and 2007 data. The results of binary and multinomial logistic regressions on all adults, adults in urban areas, and adults in rural areas show that the poor are less likely to migrate than the non-poorexcept for the case of urban to urban migration, where the poor are more likely to migrate than the non-poor. The results for other economic characteristics such as total value of assets and land ownership for farming consistently show that better economic conditions lower the probability to migrate.Keywords: Poverty, Migration, Urban Migration, Rural Migration, IFLS AbstrakStudi ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh kemiskinan terhadap migrasi dengan menggunakan sampel individu 15 tahun ke atas dari data Survei Aspek Kehidupan Rumah Tangga Indonesia (SAKERTI) tahun 2000 dan 2007. Hasil regresi logistik biner dan multinomial menunjukkan bahwa untuk semua individu, baik individu di perkotaan maupun di perdesaan, peluang orang miskin untuk bermigrasi lebih kecil daripada yang tidak miskin. Namun, untuk individu di perkotaan, ditemukan bahwa peluang orang miskin untuk bermigrasi dari perkotaan ke perkotaan lebih besar dibanding yang tidak miskin. Hasil regresi untuk karakteristik ekonomi lainnya seperti total nilai aset dan kepemilikan lahan pertanian menunjukkan bahwa kondisi ekonomi yang lebih baik menurunkan probabilitas bermigrasi.Kata kunci: Kemiskinan, Migrasi, Migrasi Perkotaan, Migrasi Perdesaan, SAKERTI
Peran Kelembagaan Perdesaan untuk Keberlanjutan Penerapan SRI di Kabupaten Karawang
Authors: Suciati Luh Putu , Juanda Bambang , Fauzi Akhmad , Rustiadi Ernan
Published: May 2018

AbstractSustainability of System of Rice Intensication (SRI) requires rural institution role. The study was conducted in Karawang and uses institutional economics approach and logit regression. The analysis shows potential problems of SRI related with principal-agent/institutional relation and economics transaction costs. Strengthening the activities within farmer groups will reduce economics transaction costs in beginning of application. Farmer will choose "bagi hasil/revenue sharing" as land management cooperation with moderate risks and transaction costs. Monitoring and incentive mechanism will reduce problems of adverse selection and moral hazard. Some factors which determine the sustainability of SRI are production, principal position, off farm work and ex ante transaction costs.Keywords: Rural Institution, Transaction Cost Economics, System of Rice Intensication AbstrakKeberlanjutan penerapan metode System of Rice Intensication (SRI) membutuhkan peran kelembagaan perdesaan. Studi dilakukan di Kabupaten Karawang dan menggunakan pendekatan kelembagaan ekonomi dan regresi logit. Hasil analisis menunjukkan potensi problem metode SRI terkait hubungan kelembagaan principal-agent dan biaya transaksi ekonomi. Penguatan kinerja kelembagaan perdesaan melalui kegiatan bersama dalam kelompok tani mengurangi biaya transaksi ekonomi pada awal aplikasi SRI. Pilihan kerjasama pengelolaan lahan pola bagi hasil banyak dipilih terkait risiko dan biaya transaksi yang moderat. Potensi masalah berupa moral hazard dan adverse selection dapat dikurangi dengan pemantauan dan mekanisme insentif. Faktor determinan keberlanjutan penerapan metode SRI adalah peningkatan produksi padi, posisi sebagai pemilik lahan, pekerjaan di luar usaha tani, dan biaya transaksi sebelum pelaksanaan.Kata kunci: Kelembagaan Perdesaan, Biaya Transaksi Ekonomi, System of Rice Intensication
Analisis EMP Indonesia dan Empat Negara ASEAN pada Masa Krisis
Authors: Sulaeman Clara Septyana Rahma , Lisna Vera
Published: May 2018

Analysis of Indonesian EMP and Four ASEAN Countries During CrisisContagion effect or domino eect which causes spreading economic crisis from one country to another also occurred in Indonesia in 1997 and 2008. The effect was identified by Exchange Market Pressure (EMP) index which measures economic pressure faced by a country on the exchange market through foreign exchange rate changes and foreign exchange reserves. The results of EMP analysis in Indonesia and four ASEAN countries using VAR method show that EMP contribution of four ASEAN countries in 2008 was larger than that of 1997. Moreover, the 1997 crisis in Indonesia spread from Thailand, while the 2008 crisis spread from Singapore.Keywords: Exchange Market Pressure; Vector Autoregression; ASEAN Countries AbstrakContagion Effect atau efek domino yang merupakan salah satu penyebab menjalarnya krisis ekonomi dari suatu negara ke negara lain juga terjadi di Indonesia tahun 1997 dan 2008. Efek tersebut diidentifikasi dari indeks Exchange Market Pressure (EMP) yaitu ukuran tekanan ekonomi yang dihadapi suatu negara pada pasar valuta asing melalui perubahan nilai tukar dan cadangan devisa. Hasil analisis EMP Indonesia dan empat negara ASEAN menggunakan metode VAR menunjukkan kontribusi EMP empat negara ASEAN dalam menjelaskan EMP Indonesia tahun 2008 lebih besar dibandingkan tahun 1997. Selain itu, krisis tahun 1997 di Indonesia menjalar dari Thailand, sedangkan krisis tahun 2008 menjalar dari Singapura.
Analisis Faktor Resiliensi Rumah Tangga Petani dalam Menghadapi Variabilitas Iklim
Authors: Marseva Amalia Dwi , Putri Eka Intan Kumala , Ismail Ahyar
Published: May 2018

Resilience Factor Analysis of Farmers Household Dealing with Climate VariabilityClimate variability potentially giving shocks to farmers household. This research aims to identify farmers household vulnerability, identify factors affecting resilience, and identify the adaptation mechanism of farmers household in facing rainfall variability. The analytical methods are descriptive analysis, Livelihood Vulnerability Index, and multiple regression. Results shows that Sidamulya is more vulnerable than Wanasari. Households has low resilience. Factors that affecting resilience are education, earning level, number of years in farming, and dummy other job. Adaptive mechanisms are shifting the planting time, replace and decrease fertilizer, replace seed, and move to another job.Keywords: Adaptation; Agriculture; Vulnerability; Livelihood; Resilience AbstrakVariabilitas iklim berpotensi memberikan guncangan bagi rumah tangga petani. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi kerentanan, mengidentifikasi resiliensi dan faktor yang memengaruhinya, serta mengidentifikasi mekanisme adaptasi rumah tangga petani dalam menghadapi variabilitas curah hujan. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif kualitatif, Livelihood Vulnerability Index, dan regresi linear berganda. Hasil menunjukkan Desa Sidamulya lebih rentan terhadap variabilitas curah hujan dibanding Desa Wanasari. Resiliensi dipengaruhi oleh tingkat pendidikan, tingkat pendapatan dari hasil panen sebelumnya, lama bertani, dan dummy pekerjaan lain. Adaptasi yang dilakukan adalah menggeser masa tanam, mengubah dan mengurangi dosis pupuk, mengubah benih, dan memiliki pekerjaan lain.
Analisis Potensi Pajak Daerah untuk Peningkatan Kapasitas Fiskal Kabupaten dan Kota di Sulawesi Utara
Authors: Ering Sherly , Hakim Dedi Budiman , Juanda Bambang
Published: May 2018

An Analysis on North Sulawesi’s Local Tax Potential to Strengthening Its Fiscal CapacityDespite recording double digit growth since 2005, North Sulawesi’s tax to GDRP ratio has been fairly stable at about 0,24% on average (6,89% to total revenue). This paper cataloques a range of factors that may account for the local tax potential of North Sulawesi’s to strengthen its fiscal capacity. Calculation on local tax potency especially on restaurant tax confirm gap between real revenues and its potency about Rp1.06 billion. By using panel data through econometric methodologies, the paper assesses the statistical significance of a number of potential determinants of local tax revenue, using data from 15 regions in North Sulawesi over the period 2009–2014. The results indicate that, among the variables that exert a statistically significant influence on local tax potential are per capita GDRP, agriculture sectors, and high school number, while the employee has no statistically significance.Keywords: Local Tax; Tax Potential; Fiscal Capacity; Panel Data  AbstrakMeskipun terjadi pertumbuhan sebesar dua digit sejak tahun 2005, rasio pajak daerah terhadap PDRB di Sulawesi Utara cukup stabil di 0,25% secara rata-rata (6,89% terhadap total pendapatan). Penelitian ini mengkaji faktor-faktor yang dapat menjelaskan potensi pajak di Sulawesi Utara yang dapat memperkuat kapasitas fiskalnya. Berdasarkan perhitungan potensi pajak daerah, khususnya pajak restoran, didapatkan bahwa penerimaan riil masih berada di bawah potensi sebesar 1.061 miliar rupiah. Analisis data panel menggunakan data 15 kabupaten dan kota di Sulawesi Utara selama periode tahun 2009–2014. Ditemukan bahwa sejumlah faktor penentu potensi pajak daerah yaitu pendapatan per kapita, sektor pertanian, dan jumlah siswa SMA, sedangkan jumlah pekerja tidak signifikan.
Kenaikan Harga Tanah di Indonesia dan Jepang: Sebuah Studi Perbandingan
Authors: Ilyas Dhaniel
Published: May 2018

Perkembangan pesat yang terjadi di daerah sekitar perkotaan mengakibatkan kebutuhan terhadap tanah semakin meningkat. Kebutuhan tanah bagi industri dan berbagai kegiatan ekonomi bersaing dengan kebutuhan tanah bagi perumahan yang terus meningkat.Sejak pertengahan tahun 1980-an, pemerintah mengimbau pengusaha swasta untuk melakukan pengembangan kawasan perumahan skala besar secara terpadu dalam rangka mengantisipasi lonjaknya kebutuhan rumah di perkotaan. Himbauan pemerintah ini, awalnya tidak didukung oleh juklak yuridis yang mengatur penguasaan lahan dalam skala besar. Sejumlah pengusaha  dengan caranya masing-niasing membawa proposal pengembangan kota baru pada Pemda Tingkat I dan Tingkat II serta ikut terjun melakukan penguasaan lahan dalam skala besar. Maka, lahirlah belasan proyek kota baru di kawasan Jabotabek dengan proyeksi penguasaan lahan mencapai puluhan ribu hektar.
Tinjauan Teoritis Dampak Deregulasi Sektor Moneter Tahun 1983 dan 1988 terhadap Harga Tanah di Jakarta
Authors: Artha I Kadek Dian Sutrisna
Published: May 2018

Pertanahan adalah masalah vital, landasan fisik kehidupan manusia, dari dulu hingga sekarang, dan sampai masa mendatang. Seiring dengan proses perkembangan masyarakat, maka terjadi transformasi struktural dalam perekonomian yaitu dari sektor pertanian mengarah kepada sektor industri (industrialisasi) yang tentunya membawa perubahan dalam komposisi kebutuhan tanah dari tanah pertanian beralih ke tanah industri dan pemukiman. Industrialisasi telah pula membawa perubahan besar dalam pola permukiman manusia; dari yang menyebar atau terpusat kecil-kecil mengikuti penyebaran pertanian berubah menjadi yang memusat dalam kota-kota, dari kota kecil hingga kota besar, dikenal dengan gejala urbanisasi. Dan secara bersama-sama akan terbentuk suatu sistem kota yang memiliki hirarki, di mana pusat-pusat kegiatan besar berada dalam kota metropolitan (Dj. A. Simarmata: 1997).
Kontribusi Pendidikan terhadap Produktivitas Pertanian : Sebuah Uji Kausalitas
Authors: Setyonaluri Diahhadi
Published: May 2018

Pertumbuhan ekonomi suatu negara tidak dapat dilepaskan dari peningkatan kualitas pendidikannya. Pendidikan mempunyai kontribusi besar dalam peningkatan mutu modal manusia, dimana manusia adalah penggerak faktor produksi lainnya. Perkembangan ilmu   pengetahuan dan teknologi adalah indikator kemajuan pendidikan suatu bangsa, semakin tinggi ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi yang dikuasai oleh suatu bangsa, semakin majulah pembangunan bangsa tersebut.Pendidikan mempunyai kontribusi dalam berbagai sektor, termasuk dalam pengembangan  sektor pertanian. Modernisasi pertanian tidak dapat dilepaskan dari peningkatan teknologi dan pengembangan ilmu pengetahuan yang diaplikasikan pada sektor ini. Dampaknya adalah produksi pertanian yang makin meningkat dan efisien, serta tersedianya suplai pangan yang cukup untuk masyarakat. Bahkan pendidikan mengubah deklinasi yang seharusnya terjadi disektor pertanian-yang diakibatkan menurunnya demand terhadap produksi pertanianssenjadi stabil, bahkan meningkat untuk beberapa negara maju. Seperti di Amerika Serikat, sektor pertanian tetap ditumbuhkembangkan sehingga tetap terjamin swasembada pangan dan bahkan menghasilkan pendapatan negara karena oversupply sektor ini. Sektor pertanian Amerika Serikat didukung oleh pengembangan teknologi yang dilakukan melalui penelitian-penelitian yang dilakukan dengan tujuan meningkatkan produktivitas dan efisiensi sektor ini. Pendidikan menjadi hal utama untuk mengakses teknologi tersebut.
Education in Indonesia's Regional Economic Development Before Fiscal Decentralization
Authors: Kawuryan Anna Maria Siti
Published: May 2018

Indonesia is a diverse  country with uneven resource endowment across its provinces. This study examines the effects of human capital investment policies on the promotion of more equitable income growth across provinces. First, the rate of return to education is estimated for each province using the 1976 and 1989 Indonesian National Labor Force Surveys (SAKERNAS). Then, regional economic indicators are used to explain differences in the rates of return to education among provinces and to develop and test hypotheses regarding the contribution of investment in education to personal income growth in different regions in Indonesia.The study finds large differences in the rates of return to education among provinces with the highest rates of return in the poorest provinces. A model of segmented regional labor markets is advanced to explain why wage differences across provinces may exist. The estimates suggest that labor market segmentation was more pronounced for un- or low-educated workers because inter-provincial differences in wages were greater among this group than among more educated workers. Education may reduce regional labor market segmentation. More educated workers may be better able to compete for jobs in other provinces, and therefore more mobile, because they possess the needed language and market skills.Thus, it appears that education not only enhances personal (and national) income, but also promotes greater equity across provinces. Equitable investment in education across provinces is compatible with both equity and efficiency goals in regional economic development.
Simulasi Penyerapan Tenaga Kerja dengan Pendekatan Demometrik
Authors: Esti Hedwigis , Brodjonegoro Bambang P.S.
Published: May 2018

Labor absorption hardly depends on the economic capacity and in the absence of market imperfection, the labor will be allocated efficiently among sectors. However, the assumption is hardly found in reality, and this give us a space to identify the explanatory variable of labor absorption. This research analyze the sectoral labor absorption based on J. Ladent model that internalize the demographic variable together with economic variable. We apply this model to analyze the sectoral labor absorption in Cental Java using annual basis data from 1978-1999, and simulate the sectoral labor absorption under three different scenario; quo, optimist and pessimist scenario. The result shows labor absorption is highly correlated to labor quality, economic capacity and investment. Based on simulation, we-find that any shock on demographic or economic variable yield unequal impact on labor absorption accros sector. We find strong causality between GDP and national unemployment, and labor absorption. We also conform the lack of foreign capital investment as the main source of in-optimal leading sector development.
Konvergensi di Indonesia, Beberapa Temuan Awal dan Implikasinya
Authors: Wibisono Yusuf
Published: May 2018

Recently convergence of regional per capita income has been a frequent object of regional studies as well as the case of Indonesia. However, different methods often yield different results therefore we ty to choose the appropriate methods. Rather alpha-convergence, we use theil index to analyze regional disparity and found that regional convergence in Indonesia does not appear to be a simple monotonic process, but seems to vary over time and hence requires explanation. From here, we suggest that the use of long-term interval in regression of beta-convergence analysis will destroy the relationship among variables. The use of least square methods only suitable for absolute beta-convergence analysis. We conclude that the most appropriate methods for conditional beta-convergence are instrumental methods. As an alternative one, we suggest panel-data methods.We found that the convergence rate in Indonesia is slow at 1,59 percent per year over 1975-2000. With conditional convergence analysis, we found that the difference on growth rate can be explained systematically by a set of explanatory variables. The inclusion of these variables makes the convergence rate become faster which is 3,91 percent per year. Most of this variables are under controlled by government. In summary, we conclude that government policies have significant influence for rapid and sustainable regional economic growth.
Tinjauan terhadap Metode Ekonometrika Lanjutan
Authors: Falianty Telisa Aulia
Published: May 2018

Econometric models have been played an increasingly important role in empirical analysis in economics. This paper provides an overview on some advanced econometric methods that increasingly used in empirical studies.A panel data combines features of both time series and cross section data. Because of increasing availability of panel data in economic sciences, panel data regression models are being increasingly used by researcher. Related to panel data model, there are some methods that will be discussed here such as fixed effect and random effect. A new approach to panel data that developed by Im, Shin, and Pesaran (2002) for testing unit root in heterogenous panel is included in this overview.When we work with time series data, there are many problems that we must handle, most of them are unit root test, cointegration among non stationary variables, and autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity. Provided these problems, author also review about ADF and Philips-Perron test. An approch to cointegration analysis developed by Pesaran (1999), ARCH and GARCH model are also interesting to be discussed here.Bayesian econometric, that less known than classical econometric, is includcd in this overview. The genctic algorithm, a relatively new method in econometric, has bcen increasingly employed the behavior of economic agents in macroeconomic models. The genetic algorithm is based on thc process of Darwin’s Theory of Evolution. By starting with a set of potential solutions and changing them during several iterations, the Genetic Algorithm hopes to converge on the most ‘fit’ solutions.
Kerjasama Ekonomi Korea Selatan dan Indonesia di Masa Kini dan Masa Depan
Authors: Jeong Young Kyu
Published: May 2018

This study analyzes the changes and characteristics of economic cooperation between Korea and Indonesia during the period from 1980 to 2002. Gross trade and direct investments are studies here, as well as ODA such as per categomes, field, in order to understand Korea- Indonesia’s economic cooperation.Crude oil, gas and other natural resources took up the greatest portion of Indonesia exports until the 2002, Since the mid-1980’s, exports have grown by a large margin owing to the nation’s export.oriented economic development strategy and stabilization of oil prices. Trade and direct investment showed a continuous increase throughout the period, with the exception of a temporary decrease in 1997 economic crisis. The result of trade, investment and ODA shows that Indonesia and Korea very important country for economic growth.
Dampak Krisis Ekonomi terhadap Distribusi Pendapatan di Indonesia: Analisa SNSE Indonesia 1995 dan 1998
Authors: Wibisono Yusuf
Published: May 2018

This paper examines the income distributional impact of the 1997’s economic crisis that hit Indonesia using Social Accounting Matrix data for 1995 and 1998. Relying on a comparison of the distribution before and after crisis, the study suggest three main findings based on multiplier analysis. First, poor households have been harder hit by crisis than rich households. Second, there are indication that crisis making income transfer likely to occurs from consumer to producer. Third, it is hard to eliminate disparity in income distribution relying only on market mechanism. From impact analysis we obtain the result for policy recomendation. Agriculture price support policy tend to biased to rural rich households, while export promotion policy biased to urban rich households. Direct income transfers to poor household and income redistribution policy seems to be the best policy for improving the distribution of income after crisis.
Dampak Struktural dari Pertumbuhan Sektor Industri dan Perdagangan Terhadap Penyerapan Tenaga Kerja di Indonesia: Proyeksî Tahun 2003-2007
Authors: Nikensari Sri Indah
Published: May 2018

Economic growth give some hope on labor absorbtion in economic sectors. It can be seen from trends after crisis that unemployement is rising overtime. This study tends to look on structural impact of growth in industrial and trade sector to labor absorption in Indonesia. The result is labor absorption projection in economic sectors within 2003-2007
Disparitas Efek Regional dan Faktor Penentu Transmisi Kebijakan Moneter Daerah : Kasus Sumatera-Jawa
Authors: Prima Rizal Adi , Soesilo Nining I.
Published: May 2018

Kebijakan moneter telah memainkan peranan yang penting dalam struktur perekonomian Indonesia, deregulasi moneter telah memberikan porsi yang lebih besar terhadap sektor moneter karena adanya efek perbankan yang sangat besar terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi.Teori standar makroekonomi menyatakan bahwa kebijakan moneter sangat berpengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi, dan kebijakan moneter memiliki efek yang merata secara nasional, hal ini dalam praktek seringkali tidak terjadi. Suatu negara pada umumnya memiliki daerah dengan karakteristik yang berbeda-beda sehingga efek kebijakan moneter tidak selalu seragam dan cenderung memiliki efek yang berbeda antar daerah.Hipotesis yang dikembangkan dalam tulisan ini adalah transmisi kebijakan moneter daerah dapat berbeda-beda dalam merespon kebijakan moneter tunggal dikarenakan oleh faktor spesifik daerah tersebut dan karena adanya faktor interaksi antar daerah. Tulisan ini membuktikan adanya efek yang berbeda antar daerah dan kebjakan moneter di Pulau Sumatera dan Jawa. Transmisi kebijakan moneter diukur dengan menggunakan metode VAR (Vector Auto Regression) dan dalam menganalisa faktor determinan transmisi moneter daerah dianalisa dengan metode cross section.
Analisis IRIO dalam Pengembangan Industri pada Era Otonomi Daerah
Authors: Kartika Pratiwi , Nurbani Rachma Indah , Pakpahan Yus Medina
Published: May 2018

Otonomi sudah berlangsung tiga tahun tetapi dampaknya belum terasa. Tulisan ini menganalisa sektor industri mana yang berpotensi untuk dikembangkan di masing-masing daerah, guna mengetahul apa yang harus dilakukan pemerintah pusat dan daerah untuk mencapai tujuan otonomi daerah. Analisa ini menggunakan output dan income multiplier yang didapat dan data IRIO 1995. Nilai multiplier yang didapat menggambarkan keunggulan sektor-sektor di setiap daerah. Dari hasil terlihat, masih banyak daerah yang belum berkembang ternyata memiliki potensi besar untuk dikembangkan. Pengembangan industri di daerah-daerah penting sekali untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan daerah yang pada akhirnya juga akan meningkatkan pendapatan nasional. Pengembangan industri tersebut sebaiknya diarahkan ke sektor unggulan. Pengembangan industri daerah merupakan tanggung jawab pemerintah daerah, tetapi di awal pelaksanaan otonomi daerah peran pemerintah pusat sangat diperlukan,