bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Increased Risk of Metabolic Syndrome, Diabetes Mellitus, and Cardiovascular Disease in Men Receiving Androgen Deprivation Therapy for Prostate Cancer
Authors: Kintzel Polly E. , Chase Sandra L. , Schultz Lisa M. , O'Rourke Timothy J.
Published: November 2008

Prostate cancer is the leading cancer diagnosis and second leading cause of cancer‐related mortality for men in the United States. Due to the increased prevalence of prostate cancer in men older than 50 years, men at risk for prostate cancer represent the same population of men who are at greatest risk for metabolic syndrome, diabetes mellitus, and coronary artery disease (CAD). In addition to risk factors for CAD that are applicable to the general population, men with prostate cancer can be at increased risk for CAD due to long‐term androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) administered as treatment for prostate cancer. Men undergo ADT by medical (drug therapy) or surgical (castration) means. Luteinizing hormone‐releasing hormone (LHRH) agonists are the primary drug therapies used for ADT. Commercially available LHRH agonists are goserelin, histrelin, leuprolide, and triptorelin. Body composition changes, hyperlipidemia, insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, and acute coronary syndrome are all reported adverse effects of ADT, which are consequences of reduced levels of circulating testosterone. Metabolic and body composition changes associated with ADT arise within months of beginning medical ADT and persist after discontinuation of therapy. To better understand the increased risk of metabolic syndrome, diabetes, and heart disease in patients undergoing ADT for prostate cancer, we performed a MEDLINE search (1986–2008) to identify pertinent studies and reports. Additional citations were obtained from the articles retrieved from the literature search. We found that the increased risk for serious cardiovascular disease becomes evident within months of beginning ADT. Pharmacists should provide counseling to these patients on primary disease prevention. Men receiving ADT should be monitored routinely for signs and symptoms of metabolic syndrome, diabetes, and CAD. Healthy lifestyle practices should be encouraged, and physical therapy should be considered for these patients.
Successful Use of Argatroban During the Third Trimester of Pregnancy: Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Young Sallie K. , Al‐Mondhiry Hamid A. , Vaida Sonia J. , Ambrose Anthony , Botti John J.
Published: November 2008

Direct thrombin inhibitors are commonly used anticoagulants in patients with known or suspected heparin‐induced thrombocytopenia (HIT). All three direct thrombin inhibitors available in the United States—argatroban, bivalirudin, and lepirudin—are pregnancy category B drugs based on animal studies, but little data are available on the safety of these agents during human pregnancy. Whereas several case reports support the safe use of lepirudin, only one case report has been published with argatroban and none with bivalirudin. We describe a 26‐year‐old pregnant woman with portal vein thrombosis and thrombocytopenia treated with argatroban for possible HIT during her last trimester. An argatroban infusion was started at 2 μg/kg/minute during her 33rd week of pregnancy, with the dosage titrated based on the activated partial thromboplastin time; infusion rates ranged from 2–8 μg/kg/minute. Treatment continued until her 39th week of pregnancy, when labor was induced. Argatroban therapy was discontinued 7 hours before epidural anesthesia. The patient successfully delivered a healthy male newborn, devoid of any known adverse effects from argatroban. The infant was found to have a small ventricular septal defect and patent foramen ovale at birth, but it is unlikely that these were caused by argatroban since organogenesis occurs in the first trimester. Even though the cause of this patient's thrombocytopenia was later determined to be idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, this is an important case that adds to the literature on use of argatroban during pregnancy.
Warfarin Resistance After Total Gastrectomy and Roux‐en‐Y Esophagojejunostomy
Authors: Sobieraj Diana M. , Wang Fei , Kirton Orlando C.
Published: November 2008

Nutritional deficiencies due to malabsorption occur after major gastric resection, and drugs that are primarily absorbed in the stomach or duodenum also are likely to exhibit decreased absorption. However, we performed a MEDLINE search (1960–2007) and found no evidence in the literature regarding the specific effects of warfarin absorption after total gastrectomy with Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass procedure. We describe a 71‐year‐old woman receiving warfarin therapy for chronic atrial fibrillation who underwent a completion gastrectomy and Roux‐en‐Y esophagojejunostomy for an invasive adenocarcinoma of her gastric remnant. Before surgery, her international normalized ratio (INR) had been stable in her target range of 2–3 with warfarin 5–6 mg/day. At the time of her admission for the surgery, however, her INR was subtherapeutic at 1.73; warfarin was discontinued, and heparin and, subsequently, enoxaparin were used throughout her admission. After the surgery, the patient was discharged to a skilled nursing facility to continue bridge therapy with enoxaparin while warfarin was restarted and adjusted to a therapeutic INR of 2–3. Three months after discharge, the patient was hospitalized again for shortness of breath and was found to have an INR of 1.30 on admission, despite good compliance with her drugs. During this admission, the patient demonstrated resistance to warfarin therapy, requiring doses up to 20 mg/day to reach a therapeutic INR. To our knowledge, this is the first case report to demonstrate that patients undergoing a complete gastric resection followed by a Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass procedure may display warfarin resistance. Close monitoring and dosage adjustment may be necessary to maintain therapeutic anticoagulation in these patients.
Ondansetron‐Induced Aminotransferase Level Elevation: Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Lewandowski Michael J. , Chapman Scott A.
Published: November 2008

Elevation of aminotransferase levels is a rarely reported adverse effect of ondansetron. Increased aminotransferase levels, however, have been observed in patients receiving concurrent cisplatin chemotherapy and ondansetron. We describe a 44‐year‐old woman with no oncologic history or treatment with chemotherapy who received intravenous ondansetron on three separate occasions in the emergency department and subsequently experienced aminotransferase level abnormalities. Her baseline aspartate aminotransferase levels were within normal limits on each occasion, but increased to several times the upper limit of normal within 1 day of admission. After a diagnostic evaluation and drug review were performed, ondansetron appeared to be the most likely cause. On discontinuation of ondansetron, her aminotransferase levels trended downward, and the patient was discharged in stable condition. The Naranjo adverse drug reaction probability scale score for this event was 9, indicating that ondansetron was a definite cause of the elevated aminotransferase levels. Some studies describe a higher rate of increased aminotransferase levels in patients with cancer who are treated with ondansetron compared with those receiving metoclopramide. These elevations are not dose related and have not been associated with liver injury. Furthermore, the chemotherapeutic agent administered may play a role in aminotransferase level elevations. Since cisplatin was administered in most of these studies and is known to independently cause hepatotoxicity, the overall contribution of ondansetron to aminotransferase level elevation is not fully known. With the increased use of ondansetron outside of oncologic medicine, it is important that clinicians are aware of this rare adverse effect when determining the cause of elevated aminotransferase levels.
Quality Experiential Education
Authors:   American College of Clinical Pharmacy, Haase Krystal K. , Smythe Maureen A. , Orlando Patricia L. , Resman‐Targoff Beth H. , Smith Lisa S.
Published: November 2008

The 2007 Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education (ACPE) Accreditation Standards and Guidelines for the Professional Program in Pharmacy delineate new expectations for experiential education within curricula and include guidance on the development and conduct of Pharmacy Practice Experiences. The American College of Clinical Pharmacy (ACCP) Educational Affairs Subcommittee C developed a position statement to further delineate the views of ACCP on factors necessary to meet contemporary standards for doctoral education in pharmacy and to provide guidance to our membership on how to implement the new standards. This White Paper provides explanation and supporting documentation for positions on quantitative and qualitative aspects of experiential education, as well as requirements for practice sites, preceptor roles, qualification, credentialing, and development and assessment of student performance.
Guidelines for Pharmacoeconomic and Outcomes Research Fellowship Training Programs
Authors: Kane‐Gill Sandra , Reddy Prabashni , Gupta Shiraz R. , Bakst Alan W.
Published: November 2008

Pharmacoeconomics and outcomes research (PEOR) demonstrates the added value of health services and treatments and is used by a variety of individuals in numerous settings to optimize patient care. Currently, 51 PEOR fellowship programs are publicized on Web sites from organizations such as the American College of Clinical Pharmacy (ACCP), the International Society of Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research (ISPOR), and the Academy of Managed Care Pharmacy. These programs demonstrate the diversity of PEOR fellowships, as they are offered by sponsors in a variety of environments (e.g., academia, industry, consulting services, United States managed care, and government). Although the program sponsors vary, all fellowships should have the common goal of providing directed, highly individualized postgraduate training designed to prepare participants to become independent PEOR researchers. Like any health discipline, advancements in knowledge and technology along with changes in health care systems require refinement of existing training programs, including PEOR fellowships. Members of ACCP and ISPOR developed a survey instrument to assess structure, educational objectives, and outcome measures of PEOR fellowship programs. The survey objectives were to determine PEOR researchers' beliefs regarding qualifications of the training site, program, and preceptors(s) as well as fellowship applicant requirements, research commitment, didactic coursework and evaluation of fellows' research skills; and to develop PEOR fellowship guidelines based on data obtained from the survey. Pharmacoeconomics and outcomes research fellowship guidelines were originally published in 1999; this document outlines the revised PEOR fellowship guidelines based on recent literature and results of the ACCP‐ISPOR survey described above. These guidelines are intended to assist PEOR researchers design, refine, and self‐assess their fellowship program and to serve as a tool for prospective PEOR fellowship candidates to evaluate programs.
Anophthalmia, Cleft Lip/Palate, Absent Vomer Bone, Nystagmus, and Mental-Motor Retardation: A New Syndrome or Fryns“Anophthalmia-Plus” Syndrome?
Authors: Özçelik Derya , Sağlam İbrahim , Sılan Fatma , Sezen Gülbin , Ünveren Toygar
Published: November 2008

Objective:

We report that a 4-year-old boy presented with right unilateral complete cleft lip and palate, right anophthalmos, left congenital nystagmus, absence of the vomer bone, mental-motor retardation, and normal lymphocyte karyotype (46, XY).

Methods:

For reconstruction of the deformities, we performed cleft lip repair by Millard's rotation-advancement technique and planned cleft palate repair.

Conclusions:

This combination of cleft lip and palate, anophthalmos, congenital nystagmus, absent vomer bone, and mental-motor retardation has not, to our knowledge, previously been described. We suggest that this represents either another case of the rare Fryns “anophthalmia-plus” syndrome or a new syndrome.
Rutland Water
Authors: Kirby Andy
Published: November 2008

Apart from a little light drizzle, the rain held off for BDS conference attendees to make an interesting field visit to Rutland Water.
The Binnie heritage in dam engineering
Authors: Carlyle Bill
Published: November 2008

The 2008 Binnie Lecture, delivered at the 2008 British Dam Society conference, covers the worldwide achievements of Geoffrey Binnie himself and the firm that bears his name. It then traces the author's personal engineering history, touches on the earth-core versus concrete-faced rockfill dams debate, legal issues, and finishes with a personal view of the future of dam engineering in the UK.
BDS conference in Warwick, September 2008
Authors: Airey Martin
Published: November 2008

The 15th biennial conference of the British Dam Society (BDS) took place at the University of Warwick between 10 and 13 September 2008. In keeping with recent tradition the proceedings were officially opened by the associate dean of the university, Dr Tony Price, who welcomed us all to the campus and wished us a successful conference. In his opening address he emphasised the importance of dams and reservoirs to modern society and with the ageing stock of reservoirs in the UK he recognised the important work that is needed to maintain their safety. This theme was of course reflected in the title of the conference, ‘Ensuring reservoir safety into the future’.
Strategies for improved water supply in India and Pakistan
Authors: Tayler K.
Published: November 2008

Few urban water supplies in towns and cities in India and Pakistan approach the goal of continuous supply. Available water quality data suggest that most consumers receive contaminated water. Conditions have worsened over time—the average daily period of water supply in India is now much shorter than in the 1980s. Pressures are often poor, particularly in low-income areas, where residents may resort to ‘pit taps’ to access water. Possible responses to this situation are examined. The standard response of government line agencies, to build new facilities and increase production capacity, is inadequate since the real problems often lie in the management of existing facilities. An attempt to apply a more strategic approach in one medium-sized town in Pakistan is described and assessed. Based on this, the paper argues that improvements in service delivery require basic changes in structures and systems for urban water supply provision. The issue is how to bring about these changes. The fairly radical approach advocated by the World Bank has theoretical and practical limitations. The paper argues that less radical options, rooted in realistic assessment of constraints and opportunities, may offer a more promising way forward. Examples of such options are given.
Water supply and sanitation in Zambia: reform and regulation
Authors: Mbilima C. K.
Published: November 2008

Zambia has undertaken water sector reforms over the past decade. The introduction of an autonomous water supply and sanitation regulator, National Water Supply and Sanitation Council, has provided a new institution with tools for improving sector performance. As with any reform, citizen confidence with new arrangements will depend on their perceptions of sector improvements, including water quality and network expansion. This study shows that performance monitoring (and associated rewards) has begun to have a positive impact, although much remains to be done.
Modelling of bonded post-tensioned concrete slabs in fire
Authors: Ellobody E. A. M. , Bailey C. G.
Published: November 2008

This paper presents a finite element model highlighting the behaviour of bonded post-tensioned one-way spanning concrete slabs in fire conditions. The model was verified against ten fire tests on bonded post-tensioned concrete slabs at ambient and elevated temperatures. The slabs were simply supported and post-tensioned with 15·7 mm nominal diameter seven-wire mono-strand tendons. The mechanical and thermal material non-linearities of the entire slab’s components, consisting of the concrete, plastic and galvanised steel ducts, prestressing tendon and the anchorages, have been carefully inserted into the model. The interface between the tendon and surrounding grout was also considered, allowing the bond behaviour to be modelled and the tendon to retain its profile shape during the deformation of the slab. The temperature distributions throughout the slab, together with the slab’s development of displacement and stress, as it was heated, were predicted by the model and verified against test data. A parametric study was conducted to investigate the effects on the global structural behaviour owing to the change in the aggregate type, duct type, load ratio, boundary conditions and different fire scenarios. The study has shown that the bonded post-tensioned concrete slabs investigated in this study are capable of achieving the designed 90 min fire resistance. It is also shown that the fire resistance given by BS 8110-2 and BS EN 1992-1-2 are acceptable for the design of bonded post-tensioned one-way spanning concrete slabs under fire conditions.
Simplified fire design for composite hollow-section columns
Authors: Aribert J. M. , Renaud Ch. , Zhao B.
Published: November 2008

In the context of Eurocode 4 Design of Composite Steel and Concrete Structures, Part 1-2: Structural fire design, this paper proposes a new simplified design method to determine the fire resistance of columns with concrete-filled steel hollow sections. This method was introduced into the French national annex of the Eurocode in October 2007 in place of the informative Annex H. After mentioning several theoretical shortcomings of Annex H and its lack of accuracy leading to unsafe design of columns with usual slenderness, an advanced finite-element model already developed by the current authors is briefly presented. A comparison with fire tests carried out in France, Germany and Canada illustrates the good accuracy of the model. The new design method is then explained progressively.
Column–joint assembly in RC columns strengthened by steel caging
Authors: Adam J. M. , Ivorra S. , Pallares F. J. , Jiménez E. , Calderón P. A.
Published: November 2008

The strengthening of reinforced concrete columns by steel cages is one of various techniques available to increase ultimate column loads. Different researchers have shown the importance of the beam–column joint on the behaviour of columns strengthened by steel cages. This paper presents a parametric study using finite element models carried out with the aim of analysing the influence of the beam–column joint on the behaviour of axially loaded reinforced concrete columns strengthened by this technique. A design rule is proposed to provide a means of estimating the ultimate load capacity of column–joint assembly and recommendations are given concerning the design of the steel cage.
Continuous concrete beams reinforced with CFRP bars
Authors: Ashour A. F. , Habeeb M. N.
Published: November 2008

This paper reports the testing of three continuously and two simply supported concrete beams reinforced with carbon-fibre-reinforced polymer (CFRP) bars. The amount of CFRP reinforcement in beams tested was the main parameter investigated. A continuous concrete beam reinforced with steel bars was also tested for comparison purposes. The American Concrete Institute (ACI) 440·1R-06 equations are validated against the beam test results. Test results show that increasing the CFRP reinforcement ratio of the bottom layer of simply and continuously supported concrete beams is a key factor in enhancing the load capacity and controlling deflection. Continuous concrete beams reinforced with CFRP bars exhibited a remarkable wide crack over the middle support that significantly influenced their behaviour. The load capacity and deflection of CFRP simply supported concrete beams are reasonably predicted using the ACI 440·1R-06 equations. The potential capabilities of these equations for predicting the load capacity and deflection of continuous CFRP reinforced concrete beams have, however, been adversely affected by the debonding of top CFRP bars from concrete.
A Political Mediation Model of Corporate Response to Social Movement Activism
Authors: King Brayden G
Published: November 2008

This paper uses a theory of social movement outcomes, the political mediation model, to explain why certain corporations targeted by boycotts are more likely to concede to boycotters' demands. Hypotheses developed from this model predict that boycotts threaten tangible and intangible resources held by corporate targets, that these threats are transmitted indirectly through media coverage of the boycotts, that past declines in sales or reputation create opportunities for a movement to have influence, and that the level of threat posed by a boycott generates more influence when targeted against corporations that recently experienced declines in sales or reputation. Results from analyses of a sample of corporate boycotts reported in major national newspapers in the U.S. between 1990 and 2005 provide support for the political mediation model. Corporate targets of boycotts were more likely to concede when the boycott received a great deal of media attention. The effect of media attention was amplified when the corporate target previously experienced a decline in its reputation.
Antislavery in America: The Press, the Pulpit, and the Rise of Antislavery Societies
Authors: King Marissa D. , Haveman Heather A.
Published: November 2008

We analyze how communications networks and social institutions influenced the growth of the antislavery movement in the U.S. from 1790 to 1840. Communications networks fueled by print media transmitted news about the movement to the public and so helped mobilize a broad base of support. Among social institutions, churches were especially supportive because their emphasis on morality and community was conducive to antislavery activism. Our analysis focuses on the founding of antislavery societies, the formal organizations that underpinned this movement, and makes three contributions to our understanding of social movement organizations in general and antislavery societies in particular. First, we show that the impact of mass media was strong as far back as the early nineteenth century and that the growth of magazines spurred antislavery society formation. Second, we demonstrate that theology, specifically an orientation toward this world or heaven, determined whether religious resources were available to antislavery organizations. This-worldly religions supported abolition organizing, while other-worldly religions undermined it. Third, we resolve an important causal ambiguity in debates about antislavery by showing that the development of the media was the cause, not merely a consequence of or companion to growth of antislavery organizations.
Investigations of operational driving loads of bucket chains and manoeuvre hoisting winches on multi-bucket dredgers
Authors: Bocheński Damian
Published: November 2008

Investigations of operational driving loads of bucket chains and manoeuvre hoisting winches on multi-bucket dredgers

The paper concerns problems of preliminary designing of bucket dredgers' power plants. This paper presents results of investigations of six bucket dredgers in service. The operational investigations consisted in measuring the parameters which characterize working conditions of two main receivers of mechanical energy: bucket chains and swing winches. In the paper characteristics of disposition of loading of bucket chains and swing winches are presented. They covered average value, standard deviation and coefficient of variance of loading disposition mutability. Examples of load distributions of chains' and group of swing winches on chosen dredgers during some period of time were given. Conclusions in view to average values of main receivers of mechanical energy and coefficients of variance of loadings spred were formulated. Results of investigations of dependence of average loadings of main receivers on their nominal power were presented. The results of work will be used in creation of random models describing real conditions of operation of power plant elements of dredgers.
The Effect of Stressor Level Grading on the Stimulus Seeking Behavior of Rats Differing in Emotional Reactivity1
Authors: Farley Dominika , Matysiak Jan
Published: November 2008

The Effect of Stressor Level Grading on the Stimulus Seeking Behavior of Rats Differing in Emotional Reactivity1

A natural disaster — such as a flood — is a sequence of events: swollen water level leading to the flooding of homesteads — primary stressor and later environmental consequences — secondary stressor syndrome. In order to be valid, an experimental model must ensure similarity of the stress-evoked behavioral symptoms. The most frequently administered behavioral tests measure exploratory behavior in the broad sense (we used the following test battery: self-exposition chamber, open field and elevated cross-maze). We also included emotional reactivity in the experimental design in order to test the idea that lower emotional reactivity alleviates the consequences of stress and therefore acts preventively. Reduced emotional reactivity and increased stressor intensity additively contribute to increased exploratory behavior. A main handling effect is found for most indices of emotional behavior. The proposed experimental model seems to meet two important criteria: it has face validity and it evokes very clear behavioral consequences, ones which are universal for most indices of exploratory behavior
Mathematical Programming in Computational Biology: an Annotated Bibliography
Authors: Lancia Giuseppe
Published: November 2008

The field of computational biology has experienced a tremendous growth in the past 15 years. In this bibliography, we survey some of the most significant contributions that were made to the field and which employ mathematical programming techniques, while giving a broad overview of application areas of modern computational molecular biology. The areas include sequence analysis, microarrays, protein structure and function, haplotyping and evolutionary distances.
Ferroquine, an Ingenious Antimalarial Drug –Thoughts on the Mechanism of Action
Authors: Dubar Faustine , Khalife Jamal , Brocard Jacques , Dive Daniel , Biot Christophe
Published: November 2008

Ferroquine (FQ or SR97193) is a novel antimalarial drug candidate, currently in development at Sanofi-Aventis. In contrast to conventional drugs, FQ is the first organometallic drug: a ferrocenyl group covalently flanked by a 4-aminoquinoline and a basic alkylamine. FQ is able to overcome the CQ resistance problem, an important limit to the control of Plasmodium falciparum, the principal causative agent of malaria. After fifteen years of effort, it is now possible to propose a multifactorial mechanism of action of FQ by its capacity to target lipids, to inhibit the formation of hemozoin and to generate reactive oxygen species.
Cerium (IV) Ammonium Nitrate (CAN) Catalyzed One-pot Synthesis of 2-Arylbenzothiazoles
Authors: Al-Qalaf Fawzia , Mekheimer Ramadan  Ahmed , Sadek Kamal  Usef
Published: November 2008

A one-pot synthesis of 2-arylbenzothiazoles from the reaction of 2-aminothiophenol and aromatic aldehydes catalysed by cerium (IV) ammonium nitrate (CAN) is reported.
Validating a Markov Model of Treatment for Hepatitis C Virus-related Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Wong J.B. , Hino K. , Kurokawa F. , Nishina S. , Sakaida I. , Okita K. , Tamesa T. , Oka M. , Torimura T. , Sata M. , Takahash S. , Chayama K. , Inoue Y. , Ishida H.
Published: November 2008

Objective:
We created and validated a Markov model to simulate the prognosis with treatment for HCV-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) for assessment of cost-effectiveness for alternative treatments of HCC.

Method:
Markov state incorporated into the model consisted of the treatment as a surrogate for HCC stage and underlying liver function. Retrospective data of 793 patients from three university hospitals were used to determine Kaplan-Meier survival curves for each treatment and transition probabilities were derived from them.

Results:
There was substantial overlap in the 95% CIs of the Markov model predicted and the Kaplan-Meier survival curves for each therapy. The predicted survival curves were also similar with those from the nationwide survey data supporting the external validity of our model.

Conclusions:
Our Markov model estimates for prognosis with HCC have both internal and external validity and should be considered applicable for estimating cost-effectiveness related to HCC.
Sharps Injuries and Bloodborne Pathogen Exposures in Home Health Care
Authors: Chalupka Stephanie M. , Markkanen Pia , Galligan Catherine , Quinn Margaret
Published: November 2008

Home health care is one of the fastest growing industries in the United States. Approximately 20,000 provider agencies deliver home health care services to 7.6 million individuals with acute illness, long-term health conditions, permanent disability, or terminal illness. The home health care setting poses many challenges that likely increase the risk of sharps injuries. Home health nurses face unique challenges in preventing and reporting sharps injuries in the home. This article examines the nature of and risk factors for sharps injuries in the home health care setting, the scope of the problem, the legislative and regulatory framework relevant to sharps injuries, and the role of occupational health nurses in promoting a culture of safety to prevent sharps injuries and bloodborne pathogen exposures.
Nonlinear modeling of protein separation in a preparative‐scale dynamic field gradient focusing instrument
Authors: Tracy Noah I. , Ivory Cornelius F.
Published: November 2008

Dynamic field gradient focusing (DFGF) uses an electric field gradient opposed by a counter‐flow of buffer to separate milligrams of proteins according to their electrophoretic mobilities. A nonlinear model of protein separation in a preparative‐scale DFGF device was developed to aid in refining the instrument's design and finding optimal run conditions prior to performing experiments. The model predicted the focal points of bovine serum albumin (BSA), and bovine hemoglobin (Hb) to within the 95% confidence intervals about the means of the experimental values. The resolution between the proteins in the model was 2.08, which was 3% less than the lower limit of the 95% confidence interval about the experimental value. The model predicted 67% more dispersion than was present in the experimental device, which made the simulated BSA peak 22% wider than the experimentally measured width. © 2008 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2009
Salivary cortisol and psychosocial hazards at work
Authors: Maina Giovanni , Palmas Antonio , Bovenzi Massimo , Filon Francesca Larese
Published: November 2008

Background

Experimental and clinical evidence suggest that stress can lead to ill‐health through the disregulation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis. Studies to date have produced equivocal results likely due to different methodologies and failure to account for confounding factors. This investigation aimed to assess the relation between self‐reported work‐related stressors and salivary cortisol and to clarify the role of the potential confounders.

Methods

Thirty‐six call‐handlers completed a self‐administered job content questionnaire and collected seven daily salivary samples on two workdays and a weekend. The diurnal salivary cortisol output was expressed as cortisol awakening response (CAR), and cortisol output in the rest of the day. Salivary cortisol data were normalized by means of square root transformation. The generalized estimating equations method was used to assess the relation between job strain and cortisol levels after adjusting for gender, weekdays and adherence to the sampling schedule.

Results

Job strain significantly influenced the total amount of cortisol response to waking (high strain vs. low strain: 1.1 (0.3–2.0) nmol/L). The cortisol response to waking showed gender‐specific differences [women excreting greater cortisol than men: 1.1 (0.3–1.9) nmol/L], and weekday differences [workdays vs. weekend: 1.0 (0.3–1.6) nmol/L]. Non‐compliance with the sampling protocol was associated with lower salivary cortisol than in adherent subjects.

Conclusions

Our results provide further evidence for the HPA axis involvement in the physiological response to work stress. The measure of the CAR showed to be the sensitive index to assess the physiological response to psychosocial factors. Gender, weekday, and protocol compliance were confounding factors. Am. J. Ind. Med. 52:251–260, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Electromyographic activity and thickness of masticatory muscles in children with unilateral posterior crossbite
Authors: Andrade A.S. , Gavião Maria B.D. , DeRossi M. , Gameiro G.H.
Published: November 2008

The aim of this study was to assess the electromyographic (EMG) activity and thickness of the masseter and anterior temporalis muscles in children with unilateral posterior crossbite (PCB). Thirty‐six children (22 boys, 14 girls, and mean age of 8.8 ± 1.1 years) were divided into the following groups: The case group with 20 PCB patients (10 on the left side, 10 on the right side); the control group with 16 normal occlusion (NOccl) subjects. EMG activity was recorded with bipolar surface electrodes at rest and during maximal clenching. The muscle thickness was measured with real‐time ultrasound. Data were compared between groups and between sides. The correlation between EMG activity and muscle thickness was also evaluated. The data were analyzed using the Shapiro‐Wilks test, Pearson's correlation and Spearman as appropriate, paired and unpaired t‐ test, and Mann‐Whitney test. The results revealed that the masseter of the crossbite side was more active than that of the non‐crossbite side in PCB group during maximal clenching. The comparisons of EMG activity between PCB and NOccl groups revealed some variability in the results, depending on the crossbite side. The ultrasonographic evaluation did not show statistically significant differences between groups, nor between sides in the PCB and NOccl groups. Significant correlation between EMG activity and thickness was observed only in the left masseter in the NOccl group. In conclusion, these findings showed that asymmetric muscle activity of the masticatory muscles was not related to the thickness of these muscles in children with PCB. Clin. Anat. 22:200–206, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Student views on the introduction of anatomy teaching packages into clinical attachments
Authors: Dawson A. G. , Bruce S. A. M. , Heys S. D. , Stewart I. J.
Published: November 2008

Following the implementation of the GMC document Tomorrow's Doctors in 1993 the amount of time dedicated to anatomy in undergraduate curricula has been reduced. This has resulted in considerable disquiet among physicians and surgeons with regard to the anatomical knowledge of newly qualified doctors, and also amongst students. This study aimed to assess the perceived student need for anatomical teaching packages to support clinical attachments in the later years of the undergraduate medical curriculum. The views of two groups of students were obtained: Group A were at the beginning of their clinical attachments, whereas Group B had completed all clinical attachments and had sat the final examination. The majority of students indicated that there was a need for the development of a teaching package for anatomy (and other basic sciences) in the later stages of the undergraduate medical curriculum. A high proportion stated that the completion of these packages should be in a self‐directed manner with a staff member available. There was a difference between both groups in response to the best time to offer the packages, and in the clinical areas which might be prioritized in such a development. We conclude that the vertical integration of anatomy—perhaps through clinically focused teaching packages—would be welcomed by students as part of their clinical attachments. Clin. Anat. 22:267–272, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
ChemInform Abstract: 1/∞[ZrPSe6‐]: A Soluble Photoluminescent Inorganic Polymer and Strong Second Harmonic Generation Response of Its Alkali Salts.
Authors: Banerjee Santanu , Malliakas Christos D. , Jang Joon I. , Ketterson John B. , Kanatzidis Mercouri G.
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Spectroscopic Study of YBa3B9O18, an Interesting Material Containing a Six‐Membered Borate Ring.
Authors: Baran Enrique J.
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Thermal Dissociation of Molten KHSO4: Temperature Dependence of Raman Spectra and Thermodynamics.
Authors: Knudsen Christian B. , Kalampounias Angelos G. , Fehrmann Rasmus , Boghosian Soghomon
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Subsolidus Phase Relations of the SrO—MO2—CuO Systems (M: Ti, Zr and Hf) at 900 °C in Air.
Authors: Grivel J.‐C.
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Platinum/Mesoporous WO3 as a Carbon‐Free Electrocatalyst with Enhanced Electrochemical Activity for Methanol Oxidation.
Authors: Cui Xiangzhi , Shi Jianlin , Chen Hangrong , Zhang Lingxia , Guo Limin , Gao Jianhua , Li Jingbo
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Uniform Metal (Hydr)Oxide Particles from Water/Ionic Liquid Precursor (ILP) Mixtures.
Authors: Li Zhonghao , Rabu Pierre , Strauch Peter , Mantion Alexandre , Taubert Andreas
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: In situ Observation of the Formation of Si Clathrate Ba8Si46 at High Pressure and High Temperatures.
Authors: Imai Motoharu , Kikegawa Takumi
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Cationic Main‐Group Metal Chalcogenide with a 1‐D Polymeric Structure, [{In(dien)}2(InTe4)]×Cl.
Authors: Li Chun‐Ying , Chen Xiao‐Xia , Zhou Jian , Zhu Qin‐Yu , Lei Zhi‐Xin , Zhang Yong , Dai Jie
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Approaches for Noncentrosymmetric Molybdates.
Authors: Hubbard Desmond J. , Johnston Alexander R. , Casalongue Hernan Sanchez , Sarjeant Amy Narducci , Norquist Alexander J.
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Hydrothermal Synthesis of Vanadium Oxyfluoride Chains Incorporating Covalently Bound Copper Coordination Complexes.
Authors: Mahenthirarajah Thushitha , Li Yang , Lightfoot Philip
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Rhodium‐Catalyzed 1,4‐Additions of 2‐Heteroarylzinc Donors Using Me‐DUPHOS.
Authors: Le Notre Jerome , Allen Joseph C. , Frost Christopher G.
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Organocatalytic Michael Additions to Acrylic Acid Derivatives: Generation of All‐Carbon Quaternary Stereocenters.
Authors: Rigby Caroline L. , Dixon Darren J.
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Novel Chiral Tridentate Aminophenol Ligands for Enantioselective Addition of Diethylzinc to Aldehydes.
Authors: Yang Xiao‐Feng , Hirose Takuji , Zhang Guang‐You
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Michael Reactions of β‐Ketoesters Catalyzed by Yb(NTf2)3 in the Presence of Water.
Authors: Suzuki Ichiro , Suzumura Yuko , Takeda Kei
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Triethylammonium Acetate (TEAA): A Recyclable Inexpensive Ionic Liquid Promotes the Chemoselective Aza‐ and Thia‐Michael Reactions.
Authors: Verma Akhilesh K. , Attri Pankaj , Chopra Varun , Tiwari Rakesh K. , Chandra Ramesh
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Diels—Alder Reactions of α,β‐Unsaturated Aldehydes Catalyzed by a Diarylprolinol Silyl Ether Salt in the Presence of Water.
Authors: Hayashi Yujiro , Samanta Sampak , Gotoh Hiroaki , Ishikawa Hayato
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Liquid Phase and Microwave Assisted Oxidation of Some Hydrocarbons, Aromatic Aldehydes, and Phenols by Cerium(IV) Catalyzed by Iridium(III) in Acidic Medium.
Authors: Tandon Praveen K. , Srivastava Manish , Singh Santosh B. , Singh Satpal
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Chlorination of Alcohols with Chlorodimethylsilane Catalyzed by a Gallium Trichloride/Tartrate System under Neutral Conditions.
Authors: Yasuda Makoto , Shimizu Kenji , Yamasaki Satoshi , Baba Akio
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Oxidative Cyanation of Tertiary Amines with Molecular Oxygen or Hydrogen Peroxide and Sodium Cyanide: sp3 C—H Bond Activation and Carbon—Carbon Bond Formation.
Authors: Murahashi Shun‐Ichi , Nakae Takahiro , Terai Hiroyuki , Komiya Naruyoshi
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: CuBr2‐Catalyzed One‐Pot Transprotection of TBDMS Ethers to Acetates/Benzoates: Chemoselective Acetylation of Aliphatic in the Presence of Aromatic TBDMS Ethers.
Authors: Bhatt Suchitra , Nayak Sandip K.
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Convenient Preparation of Polyfunctional Aryl Magnesium Reagents by a Direct Magnesium Insertion in the Presence of LiCl.
Authors: Piller Fabian M. , Appukkuttan Prasad , Gavryushin Andrei , Helm Matthew , Knochel Paul
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Antiviral Activities of N‐Mono‐ and/or N,N′‐Dicarbamoyl and Acyl Derivatives of Symmetrical Diamines.
Authors: Mibu Nobuko , Yokomizo Kazumi , Oishi Marumi , Miyata Takeshi , Sumoto Kunihiro
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.