bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Agricultural mechanization in Ethiopia: enabling policy, suppliers and inter-regional heterogeneity
Authors: Deribe Yared , Getnet Bisrat
Published: April 2021

Background: Agriculture in Ethiopia heavily relies on traditional farm power sources and is characterized by the lowest access to farm machinery in contrast to other places in SSA. The study analyzed the factors and gaps in the delivery of mechanization inputs through the qualitative survey of the supply chain actors. Furthermore, the study involved the crossectional survey of the producer households in the major crop production areas of Oromia, SNNPR, Amhara, and Tigray regions. Results: The recent policy amendment resulted in a reduction in the price of farm machinery while it excludes spare parts in isolation and raw materials for manufacturing. The counter influence of the simultaneous depreciation of the exchange rate has undermined the likely impacts of the tax benefits. The major deterring issues in the machinery supply system include the high shortage of foreign currency, the upsurging price of spare parts, and shortage of trained machinery operators. A formal survey tells that a significant proportion of the areas have no access to mechanization while in some parts of the country, utilization of the combine harvester reached full coverage and a large proportion of the farmers use tractor power.Conclusions: Maintaining a healthy business competition among imports and the manufacturing sector remained an important policy gap. The mechanization hiring costs, service transactions, and coordination have shown significant variability across the crop potential production areas. Resolving of the supply side encounters, development of the hiring service market, and reduction of transaction cost are the key areas of interventions in the mechanization supply and demand systems.
Selected ‘Starter Kit’ energy system modelling data for Djibouti (#CCG)
Authors: Cannone Carla , Allington Lucy , Pappis Ioannis , Barron Karla Cervantes , Usher Will , Pye Steve , Brown Edward , Howells Mark , Walker Miriam Zachau , Ahsan Aniq , Charbonnier Flora , Halloran Claire , Hirmer Stephanie , Taliotis Constantinos , Sundin Caroline , Sridha Vignesh , Ramos Eunice , Brinkerink Maarten , Deane Paul , Gritsevskyi Andrii , Moura Gustavo , Rouget Arnaud , Wogan David , Barcelona Edito , Rogner Holger , Cronin Jen
Published: April 2021

Energy system modelling can be used to assess the implications of different scenarios and support improved policymaking. However, access to data is often a barrier to starting energy system modelling in developing countries, thereby causing delays. Therefore, this article provides data that can be used to create a simple zero order energy system model for Djibouti, which can act as a starting point for further model development and scenario analysis. The data are collected entirely from publicly available and accessible sources, including the websites and databases of international organizations, journal articles, and existing modelling studies. This means that the dataset can be easily updated based on the latest available information or more detailed and accurate local data. These data were also used to calibrate a simple energy system model using the Open Source Energy Modelling System (OSeMOSYS) and two stylized scenarios (Fossil Future and Least Cost) for 2020–2050. The assumptions used and results of these scenarios are presented in the appendix as an illustrative example of what can be done with these data. This simple model can be adapted and further developed by in-country analysts and academics, providing a platform for future work.
Selected ‘Starter Kit’ energy system modelling data for Malawi (#CCG)
Authors: Cannone Carla , Allington Lucy , Pappis Ioannis , Barron Karla Cervantes , Usher Will , Pye Steve , Brown Edward , Howells Mark , Taliotis Constantinos , Sundin Caroline , Sridha Vignesh , Ramos Eunice , Brinkerink Maarten , Deane Paul , Gritsevskyi Andrii , Moura Gustavo , Rouget Arnaud , Wogan David , Barcelona Edito , Rogner Holger , Hirmer Stephanie
Published: April 2021

Energy system modelling can be used to assess the implications of different scenarios and support improved policymaking. However, access to data is often a barrier to starting energy system modelling in developing countries, thereby causing delays. Therefore, this article provides data that can be used to create a simple zero order energy system model for Malawi, which can act as a starting point for further model development and scenario analysis. The data are collected entirely from publicly available and accessible sources, including the websites and databases of international organizations, journal articles, and existing modelling studies. This means that the dataset can be easily updated based on the latest available information or more detailed and accurate local data. These data were also used to calibrate a simple energy system model using the Open Source Energy Modelling System (OSeMOSYS) and three stylized scenarios (Fossil Future, Least Cost and Net Zero by 2050) for 2020–2050. The assumptions used and results of these scenarios are presented in the appendix as an illustrative example of what can be done with these data. This simple model can be adapted and further developed by in-country analysts and academics, providing a platform for future work.
Selected ‘Starter Kit’ energy system modelling data for Mauritania (#CCG)
Authors: Allington Lucy , Cannone Carla , Pappis Ioannis , Barron Karla Cervantes , Usher Will , Pye Steve , Brown Edward , Howells Mark , Taliotis Constantinos , Sundin Caroline , Sridha Vignesh , Ramos Eunice , Brinkerink Maarten , Deane Paul , Gritsevskyi Andrii , Moura Gustavo , Rouget Arnaud , Wogan David , Barcelona Edito , Rogner Holger , Hirmer Stephanie
Published: April 2021

Energy system modelling can be used to assess the implications of different scenarios and support improved policymaking. However, access to data is often a barrier to starting energy system modelling in developing countries, thereby causing delays. This article therefore provides data that can be used to create a simple zero order energy system model for Mauritania, which can act as a starting point for further model development and scenario analysis. The data are collected entirely from publicly available and accessible sources, including the websites and databases of international organizations, journal articles, and existing modelling studies. This means that the dataset can be easily updated based on the latest available information or more detailed and accurate local data. These data were also used to calibrate a simple energy system model using the Open Source Energy Modelling System (OSeMOSYS) and two stylized scenarios (Fossil Future and Least Cost ) for 2020–2050. The assumptions used and results of these scenarios are presented in the appendix as an illustrative example of what can be done with these data. This simple model can be adapted and further developed by in-country analysts and academics, providing a platform for future work.
Selected ‘Starter Kit’ energy system modelling data for Zimbabwe (#CCG)
Authors: Cannone Carla , Allington Lucy , Pappis Ioannis , Barron Karla Cervantes , Usher Will , Pye Steve , Brown Edward , Howells Mark , Taliotis Constantinos , Sundin Caroline , Sridha Vignesh , Ramos Eunice , Brinkerink Maarten , Deane Paul , Gritsevskyi Andrii , Moura Gustavo , Rouget Arnaud , Wogan David , Barcelona Edito , Rogner Holger , Cronin Jen , Hirmer Stephanie
Published: April 2021

Energy system modelling can be used to assess the implications of different scenarios and support improved policymaking. However, access to data is often a barrier to starting energy system modelling in developing countries, thereby causing delays. Therefore, this article provides data that can be used to create a simple zero order energy system model for Zimbabwe, which can act as a starting point for further model development and scenario analysis. The data are collected entirely from publicly available and accessible sources, including the websites and databases of international organizations, journal articles, and existing modelling studies. This means that the dataset can be easily updated based on the latest available information or more detailed and accurate local data. These data were also used to calibrate a simple energy system model using the Open Source Energy Modelling System (OSeMOSYS) and three stylized scenarios (Fossil Future, Least Cost and Net Zero by 2050) for 2020–2050. The assumptions used and results of these scenarios are presented in the appendix as an illustrative example of what can be done with these data. This simple model can be adapted and further developed by in-country analysts and academics, providing a platform for future work.
Selected ‘Starter Kit’ energy system modelling data for Sudan (#CCG)
Authors: Cannone Carla , Allington Lucy , Pappis Ioannis , Barron Karla Cervantes , Usher Will , Pye Steve , Brown Edward , Howells Mark , Walker Miriam Zachau , Ahsan Aniq , Charbonnier Flora , Halloran Claire , Hirmer Stephanie , Taliotis Constantinos , Sundin Caroline , Sridha Vignesh , Ramos Eunice , Brinkerink Maarten , Deane Paul , Gritsevskyi Andrii , Moura Gustavo , Rouget Arnaud , Wogan David , Barcelona Edito , Rogner Holger , Cronin Jen
Published: April 2021

Energy system modelling can be used to assess the implications of different scenarios and support improved policymaking. However, access to data is often a barrier to starting energy system modelling in developing countries, thereby causing delays. Therefore, this article provides data that can be used to create a simple zero order energy system model for Sudan, which can act as a starting point for further model development and scenario analysis. The data are collected entirely from publicly available and accessible sources, including the websites and databases of international organizations, journal articles, and existing modelling studies. This means that the dataset can be easily updated based on the latest available information or more detailed and accurate local data. These data were also used to calibrate a simple energy system model using the Open Source Energy Modelling System (OSeMOSYS) and three stylized scenarios (Fossil Future, Least Cost and Net Zero by 2050) for 2020–2050. The assumptions used and results of these scenarios are presented in the appendix as an illustrative example of what can be done with these data. This simple model can be adapted and further developed by in-country analysts and academics, providing a platform for future work.
Selected ‘Starter Kit’ energy system modelling data for Senegal (#CCG)
Authors: Allington Lucy , Cannone Carla , Pappis Ioannis , Barron Karla Cervantes , Usher Will , Pye Steve , Brown Edward , Howells Mark , Walker Miriam Zachau , Ahsan Aniq , Charbonnier Flora , Halloran Claire , Hirmer Stephanie , Taliotis Constantinos , Sundin Caroline , Sridha Vignesh , Ramos Eunice , Brinkerink Maarten , Deane Paul , Gritsevskyi Andrii , Moura Gustavo , Rouget Arnaud , Wogan David , Barcelona Edito , Rogner Holger
Published: April 2021

Energy system modelling can be used to assess the implications of different scenarios and support improved policymaking. However, access to data is often a barrier to starting energy system modelling in developing countries, thereby causing delays. Therefore, this article provides data that can be used to create a simple zero order energy system model for Senegal, which can act as a starting point for further model development and scenario analysis. The data are collected entirely from publicly available and accessible sources, including the websites and databases of international organizations, journal articles, and existing modelling studies. This means that the dataset can be easily updated based on the latest available information or more detailed and accurate local data. These data were also used to calibrate a simple energy system model using the Open Source Energy Modelling System (OSeMOSYS) and three stylized scenarios (Fossil Future, Least Cost and Net Zero by 2050) for 2020–2050. The assumptions used and results of these scenarios are presented in the appendix as an illustrative example of what can be done with these data. This simple model can be adapted and further developed by in-country analysts and academics, providing a platform for future work.
Selected ‘Starter Kit’ energy system modelling data for Togo (#CCG)
Authors: Allington Lucy , Cannone Carla , Pappis Ioannis , Barron Karla Cervantes , Usher Will , Pye Steve , Brown Edward , Howells Mark , Walker Miriam Zachau , Ahsan Aniq , Charbonnier Flora , Halloran Claire , Hirmer Stephanie , Taliotis Constantinos , Sundin Caroline , Sridha Vignesh , Ramos Eunice , Brinkerink Maarten , Deane Paul , Gritsevskyi Andrii , Moura Gustavo , Rouget Arnaud , Wogan David , Barcelona Edito , Rogner Holger
Published: April 2021

Energy system modelling can be used to assess the implications of different scenarios and support improved policymaking. However, access to data is often a barrier to starting energy system modelling in developing countries, thereby causing delays. Therefore, this article provides data that can be used to create a simple zero order energy system model for Togo, which can act as a starting point for further model development and scenario analysis. The data are collected entirely from publicly available and accessible sources, including the websites and databases of international organizations, journal articles, and existing modelling studies. This means that the dataset can be easily updated based on the latest available information or more detailed and accurate local data. These data were also used to calibrate a simple energy system model using the Open Source Energy Modelling System (OSeMOSYS) and three stylized scenarios (Fossil Future, Least Cost and Net Zero by 2050) for 2020–2050. The assumptions used and results of these scenarios are presented in the appendix as an illustrative example of what can be done with these data. This simple model can be adapted and further developed by in-country analysts and academics, providing a platform for future work.
Selected ‘Starter Kit’ energy system modelling data for Guinea-Bissau (#CCG)
Authors: Allington Lucy , Cannone Carla , Pappis Ioannis , Barron Karla Cervantes , Usher Will , Pye Steve , Brown Edward , Howells Mark , Taliotis Constantinos , Sundin Caroline , Sridha Vignesh , Ramos Eunice , Brinkerink Maarten , Deane Paul , Gritsevskyi Andrii , Moura Gustavo , Rouget Arnaud , Wogan David , Barcelona Edito , Rogner Holger , Hirmer Stephanie
Published: April 2021

Energy system modelling can be used to assess the implications of different scenarios and support improved policymaking. However, access to data is often a barrier to starting energy system modelling in developing countries, thereby causing delays. Therefore, this article provides data that can be used to create a simple zero order energy system model for Guinea-Bissau, which can act as a starting point for further model development and scenario analysis. The data are collected entirely from publicly available and accessible sources, including the websites and databases of international organizations, journal articles, and existing modelling studies. This means that the dataset can be easily updated based on the latest available information or more detailed and accurate local data. These data were also used to calibrate a simple energy system model using the Open Source Energy Modelling System (OSeMOSYS) and two stylized scenarios (Fossil Future and Least Cost) for 2020–2050. The assumptions used and results of these scenarios are presented in the appendix as an illustrative example of what can be done with these data. This simple model can be adapted and further developed by in-country analysts and academics, providing a platform for future work.
Development of red blood cell autoantibodies following treatment with checkpoint inhibitors: a new class of anti-neoplastic, immunotherapeutic agents associated with immune dysregulation
Authors: Cooling L.L.W. , Sherbeck J. , Mowers J.C. , Hugan S.L.
Published: April 2021

Ipilimumab, nivolumab, and pembrolizumab represent a new class of immunotherapeutic drugs for treating patients with advanced cancer. Known as checkpoint inhibitors, these drugs act to upregulate the cellular and humoral immune response to tumor antigens by inhibiting T-cell autoregulation. As a consequence, they can be associated with immune-related adverse events (irAEs) due to loss of self-tolerance, including rare cases of immune-related cytopenias. We performed a retrospective clinical chart review, including serologic, hematology, and chemistry laboratory results, of two patients who developed red blood cell (RBC) autoantibodies during treatment with a checkpoint inhibitor. Serologic testing of blood samples from these patients during induction therapy with ipilimumab and nivolumab, respectively, showed their RBCs to be positive by the direct antiglobulin test (IgG+, C3+) and their plasma to contain panreactive RBC autoantibodies. Neither patient had evidence of hemolysis. Both patients developed an additional irAE during treatment. A literature review for patients who had developed immune-mediated cytopenia following treatment with a checkpoint inhibitor was performed. Nine other patients were reported with a hematologic irAE, including six with anemia attributable to autoimmune anemia, aplastic anemia, or pure RBC aplasia. Hematologic irAEs tend to occur early during induction therapy, often coincident with irAEs of other organs. In conclusion, checkpoint inhibitors can be associated with the development of autoantibodies, immune-mediated cytopenias, pure RBC aplasia, and aplastic anemia. Immunohematology reference laboratories should be aware of these agents when evaluating patients with advanced cancer and new-onset autoantibodies, anemia, and other cytopenias.
Immunohematology

2017;33:15–21.
The Vel blood group system: a review
Authors: Storry J.R. , Peyrard T.
Published: April 2021

The blood group antigen Vel has been one of immunohematology’s greatest enigmas: the variation in antigen strength from one individual to another, the property of anti-Vel to readily hemolyze Vel+ red blood cells (RBCs), and the difficulty to screen for sufficient numbers of Vel– blood donors had made Vel a tough nut to crack. In 2013, a small, previously unknown protein called small integral membrane protein 1 (SMIM1) was identified on the RBC by three independent research groups using different approaches, and all three groups demonstrated that Vel– RBCs lacked SMIM1. This discovery correlated with homozygosity for deletion c.64_60del in SMIM1 and meant that for the first time there was a universal method to screen for Vel– blood donors. This finding was not the whole answer, however, and an explanation behind the variability in antigen strength was later shown to be due to polymorphism in SMIM1 intron 2, a region that is responsible for gene transcription. Clinically, anti-Vel is important and has caused severe transfusion reactions, although hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn caused by anti-Vel is uncommon. However, while screening for Vel– blood donors has become easier, the function of SMIM1 is still unknown, and despite its well-conserved sequence across the animal kingdom, the enigma continues.
Immunohematology

2017;33:56–59.
Two cases of the variant RHD*DAU5 allele associated with maternal alloanti-D
Authors: Duncan J.A. , Nahirniak S. , Onell R. , Clarke G.
Published: April 2021

Rh is a complex blood group system with diverse genotypes that may encode weak and partial D variants. Standard serologic analysis may identify clinically significant D variants as D+; nevertheless, individuals with these D variants should be managed as D– patients to prevent antibody formation to absent D epitopes. Variant identification is necessary during pregnancy to allow for timely and appropriate Rh immune globulin (RhIG) prophylaxis for hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN) as D alloimmunization can occur with some D variants. Here, we describe two cases of the RHD*DAU5 allele associated with maternal alloanti-D in patients of African ancestry. Two obstetric patients were initially serologically classified as D+ with negative antibody detection tests on routine prenatal testing. Repeat testing at delivery identified anti-D in both patients with no history of RhIG administration or transfusion. DNA sequencing revealed that both patients possessed the RHD*DAU5 allele. Cord blood testing on both infants revealed positive direct antiglobulin test (DAT) results with anti-D eluted from the red blood cells (RBCs) of one of the infants. Despite the positive DAT, neither infant experienced anemia or hyperbilirubinemia. We document two cases of pregnant women whose RBCs expressed a partial D variant and were classified as D+ on the basis of standard serologic testing, resulting in subsequent failure to provide RhIG prophylaxis. Both cases were associated with alloanti-D formation but without significant HDFN. To our knowledge, these are the first reported cases of maternal alloanti-D associated with the RHD*DAU5 partial D variant.
Immunohematology

2017;33:60–63.
The FORS awakens: review of a blood group system reborn
Authors: Hult A.K. , Olsson M.L.
Published: April 2021

The presence of the FORS1 antigen on red blood cells was discovered relatively recently, and in 2012, the International Society of Blood Transfusion (ISBT) acknowledged FORS as blood group system number 031. This rare antigen is carried by a glycosphingolipid and formed by elongation of the P antigen. Most people have naturally occurring anti-FORS1 in their plasma. The clinical significance of these antibodies is unknown in the transfusion setting, but they can hemolyze FORS1+ erythrocytes in the presence of complement in vitro. First believed to be part of the ABO system, it was later shown that the gene encoding the glycosyltransferase giving rise to FORS1 expression is GBGT1. This gene had previously been deemed nonfunctional in humans, but a mutation, so far only detected in FORS1+ individuals, restores the enzymatic activity. Tissue distribution of the antigen in FORS1+ individuals has not been studied in detail, although the gene is expressed in several cell types. The antigen itself is known to be a receptor for various pathogens and toxins and has been detected in different forms of cancer, but the implications thereof are not fully understood.
Immunohematology

2017;33:64–72.
ABO serology in a case of persistent weak A in a recipient following a group O–matched unrelated bone marrow transplant
Authors: Grey D.E. , Fong E.A. , Cole C. , Jensen J. , Finlayson J.
Published: April 2021

HLA-matched hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) from red blood cell (RBC)-incompatible donors is not uncommon. The engraftment process following ABO-incompatible allogeneic HSCT results in the transition from patient blood group to donor blood group in the recipient. In contrast, most non-hematopoietic tissues retain expression of the patient’s original blood group for life, and these antigens may adsorb from the plasma onto the donor-derived RBCs. Correct serologic interpretation of the ABO blood group during this engraftment process can be difficult. We present the serologic findings of a 15-year-old girl of Maori descent, who was diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia and transplanted with an HLA-matched unrelated group O, D+ bone marrow. Despite engraftment, her RBCs showed persistence of weak A. This case report showcases the importance of awareness and correct serologic interpretation of weak persistence of recipient ABH substance on the patient’s RBCs for clinical decision-making, blood component support, and patient well-being.
Immunohematology

2017;33:99–104.
Human platelet antigen allelic diversity in Peninsular Malaysia
Authors: Syafawati W.U.W. , Zefarina Z. , Zafarina Z. , Hassan M.N. , Norazmi M.N. , Panneerchelvam S. , Chambers G.K. , Edinur H.A.
Published: April 2021

Human platelet antigens (HPAs) are polymorphic and immunogenic glycoproteins encoded by biallelic genes on human chromosome 17 (HPA-1 to -4 and HPA-6 to -11), chromosome 5 (HPA-5), and chromosome 6 (HPA-15) and expressed on the surface of platelets. In the present study, we typed seven HPA loci (HPA-1 to -6 and HPA-15) by polymerase chain reaction using sequence-specific primer and sequence-based typing in 166 blood samples representing three Orang Asli groups (Semang, Senoi, and Proto-Malays) that inhabit Peninsular Malaysia. Combined with previous HPA data collected for Malay subethnic groups, Malays, Chinese, and Indians, our analyses showed high genetic diversity in Peninsular Malaysia, which is consistent with multiple settlements of the region by several founding ancestors (Semang, Senoi, and Proto-Malays) in the last 50,000 years. The gene pools of these ancient populations were then further shaped by various evolutionary pressures such as repeated founder effects, natural selection, and admixture with the relatively recent arrivals such as Chinese, Indians, and Malay subethnic groups. Medical consequences of this genetic complexity are also discussed, including the risks of platelet alloimmunization associated with random platelet transfusion and gestation.
Immunohematology

2016;32:143–160.
Elastic geobarometry: How to work with residual inclusion strains and pressures
Authors: Gilio Mattia , Angel Ross J. , Alvaro Matteo
Published: April 2021

A continuously increasing number of research groups are adopting elastic geobarometry for retrieving pressures and temperatures of entrapment of inclusions into a host from both natural and experimental samples. However, a few misconceptions of some of the general concepts underlying elastic geobarometry are still widespread. One is the difference between various approaches to retrieve the residual pressures and residual strains from Raman measurements of inclusions. In this paper, the estimation of uncertainties and the validity of some general assumptions behind these methods are discussed in detail, and we provide general guidelines on how to deal with inclusion strain, measurements, inclusion pressure, and their uncertainties.
A Governança no APL do Açaí no Município de Igarapé-Miri e sua Implicação para o Desenvolvimento Local
Authors: Coelho Junior Francisco de Paulo , Silva Fábio Carlos da
Published: April 2021

Práticas de desenvolvimento local com bases endógenas são capazes de transformar territórios em unidades produtivas propulsoras de avanços socioeconômicos. Iniciativas assim podem ser construídas a partir do estabelecimento de formas de governança moldadas pela criação de laços de interação e mecanismos de coordenação. Nesse sentido, este artigo apresenta: a caracterização e as inter-relações dos agentes do Arranjo Produtivo Local - APL - do açaí no município paraense de Igarapé-Miri e a definição do tipo de governança existente no Arranjo. Para alcance do objetivo proposto, desenvolveu-se pesquisa do tipo teórica e de campo, de caráter qualitativo e descritivo, que contou com o auxílio de fontes bibliográficas e entrevistas. Os resultados obtidos mostram como os agentes se inter-relacionam no APL, como a governança exercida está estruturada atualmente e quais implicações disto para o desenvolvimento local no município.
Descentralização, Território e Regionalização dos Serviços de Saúde: Análise Contextual dos Municípios de Guaratinguetá e Aparecida na Rede Regional de Atenção à Saúde – 17 (RRAS-17) do Estado de São Paulo
Authors: Souza Gláucio Jorge , Gomes Cilene , Zanetti Valéria Regina
Published: April 2021

Partindo da necessidade de uma visão de conjunto do próprio SUS, de sua história, princípios e diretrizes, pretendeu-se adicionar à compreensão dessa necessidade, uma incursão conceitual sobre saúde e território e uma aproximação empírica aos municípios de Aparecida e Guaratinguetá, SP, por meio de uma descrição de dados estatísticos e factuais, com a finalidade de contextualizar e identificar sua posição relativa na RRAS-17. Este estudo, além de ser de caráter compreensivo e descritivo, adotou a análise bibliográfica e documental como principais procedimentos metodológicos. Evidenciou-se que a descentralização demonstra ser uma estratégia política e de gestão sobre a qual os municípios se apoiam para a implantação do SUS. O processo de territorialização assume papel relevante para o fortalecimento do sistema de saúde, por se tratar de uma dimensão da política e metodologia de organização de gestores e profissionais. Em relação à regionalização, tem-se tornado igualmente importante no processo de consolidação da rede de serviço do SUS, à medida que produz novas institucionalidades e papéis definidos para os gestores dos sistemas regionais e municipais, na coordenação e planejamento para a construção de modelos diferenciados na implementação das políticas públicas e de programas de base territorial. Esforços foram observados por parte dos gestores, e avanços têm sido notados nos municípios analisados quanto à reorganização da atenção básica local, em razão da implementação da Estratégia de Saúde da Família, muito embora ainda se observe a necessidade de criação de mecanismos para que, de fato, o potencial do SUS seja plenamente apropriado para a consolidação de mudanças do modelo assistencial de saúde universal, equitativa e integral à população.
Egy elmélet mindenek felett: változás és állandósulás a demográfiai átmenet tudományos közgondolkodásában
Authors: Illés Tamás
Published: April 2021

A demográfiai átmenet elméletét a társadalomtudományok egyik legismertebb modelljeként tartják számon. A tanulmány a nyugati diskurzusok kritikai elemzésével ismerteti az átmenet-elmélet keletkezésének körülményeit, valamint felvázolja a felívelésének megágyazó szellemtörténeti, kulturális és politikai kontextust. Mindezzel együtt sor kerül a modell teleologikus, valamint a modernizációs paradigmára építő jegyeinek dekonstrukciójára. Ugyanakkor a tanulmány részletes irodalmi áttekintéssel a demográfiai hagyomány átmenetiségre vonatkozó gondolkodási sémáit is körvonalazza. Ennek során bizonyítást nyer, hogy az európai termékenységi projekt (EFP) során episztemológiai alapként alkalmazott természetes termékenység gondolatköre hogyan betonozott be egy dichotomikus demográfiai korszakolást, és a demográfiai időfolyam ilyetén szakaszolása hogyan vezetett a termékenység és halandóság kauzális viszonyának felállításához. A tanulmány végkövetkeztetése szerint az átmenet-elmélet a homeosztázis keretezésében csak egy mély intellektuális diskurzus precízebb és szabatos formába öntését jelentette, amely már létrejöttének pillanatában minden téren a nyugati népességpolitikai igényekhez igazodott és a későbbi évtizedekben is ezek mentén konzerválódott.
The Acceptance of Government Resource Planning System Using UTAUT 2
Authors: Muhardi Saputra  , Berlian Maulidya Izzati  , Jannatul Rahmadiani
Published: April 2021

Government Resource Planning (GRP) system is a solution for managing all the resources that exist in government, namely people, technology, and business processes in it. This study aims to analyses how the acceptance of the Service and Licensing Information System for the Public (SIMPATIK) in the Investment Board and Integrated Licensing (DPMPTSP) of West Java Province. This study uses UTAUT 2 model that consist of six independent variables and two dependant variables. The relationship between the independent variable and the dependent variable is moderated by age, gender, and experience variables. The data used are primary data obtained from distributing questionnaires online to 42 DPMPTSP employees that using SIMPATIK. The hypothesis was tested with the SmartPLS and SPSS applications. The results show from a total of 14 hypotheses there are 3 hypotheses that have a significant or acceptable effect, while 11 other hypotheses are not significant or cannot be accepted.
ACUTE EFFECTS OF INTRAMUSCULAR STRETCHING AND PASSIVE STRETCHING ON SPASTICITY IN CHILDREN WITH CEREBRAL PALSY
Authors: UZUN AKKAYA Kamile , ELBASAN Bülent
Published: April 2021

Purpose: Several methods are used to reduce spasticity in cerebral palsy (CP) rehabilitation. One of these methods is stretching. This study aimed to compare the acute effects of intramuscular stretching and passive stretching on spasticity in children with bilateral spastic CP.Methods: The study included a total of 22 children (12 boys and 10 girls) with bilateral CP, between the ages of 5 and 13 years (mean age=6.45±1.96 years), who had spasticity in the plantar flexor muscle groups. All children were under an individualized physiotherapy program. In addition to the physiotherapy program, intramuscular stretching was applied to the plantar flexor muscles on one side, whereas passive manual stretching was applied to the other side. The Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS), Modified Tardieu Scale (MTS), and Silfverskiold test were used to assess the spasticity. Evaluations were performed before and after the applications.Results: There was a significant difference between pre and post-treatment comparisons in the intramuscular stretching side (MAS p=0.024, MTS R2-R1 p<0.001, Silfverskiold test p=0.002) and the passive stretching side (MAS p=0.014, MTS R2-R1 p=0.001, and the Silfverskiold test p=0.003). On the other hand, there was no difference between the intramuscular and passive stretching sides (p>0.05).Conclusion: Both intramuscular and passive stretching are effective methods for reducing spasticity in children with bilateral spastic CP, and their acute effects are similar.
Hubungan Daya Dukung Lingkungan Berbasis Kemampuan Lahan dengan Kerentanan Banjir di Kecamatan Teluk Betung Selatan
Authors:   Institut Teknologi Sumatera, Rasyid Fachri Muhammad , Damai Abdullah Aman ,   Universitas Lampung, Asbi Adnin Musadri ,   Institut Teknologi Sumatera
Published: April 2021

Berdasarkan Dokumen Kajian Risiko Bencana Kota Bandar Lampung tahun 2016 – 2020, Kecamatan Teluk Betung Selatan yang berlokasi di Kota Bandar Lampung memiliki tingkat bahaya banjir tinggi. Keadaan lahan yang berupa dataran rendah dengan kemiringan lereng relatif datar, merupakan faktor pemicu akan adanya bahaya banjir di lokasi tersebut. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk menganalisis hub ungan antara kerentanan bahaya banjir terhadap daya dukung lingkungan yang dilihat dari kondisi kemampuan lahan di daerah penelitian. Metode pengumpulan data berupa survei. Metode analisis penelitian ini adalah analisis asosiasi korelatif yang dalam penelitian ini menggunakan Koefisien Sommer (d). Nilai yang dihasilkan oleh Koefisien Sommer (d) memiliki rentang antara -1 (hubungan tidak searah sempurna) sampai 1 (hubungan searah sempurna). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa daya dukung lingkungan berdasarkan kemampuan lahan di Kecamatan Teluk Betung Selatan tergolong dalam kelas d yang berarti memiliki kemampuan pengembangan agak tinggi dalam aspek fisik dan lingkungannya, di mana kelas tersebut berada pada lima kelurahan (Kelurahan Talang, Kelurahan Gedong Pakuon, Kelurahan Pesawahan, Kelurahan Teluk Betung, dan Kelurahan Gunung Mas). Tingkat kerentanan banjir di daerah penelitian yang termasuk dalam kelas sedang tersebar di empat kelurahan yaitu Kelurahan Gedong Pakuon, Talang, Pesawahan, dan Teluk Betung. Berdasarkan hasil analisis asosiasi korelatif, diketahui bahwa terdapat hubungan yang cenderung erat atau kuat antara daya dukung lingkungan yang ditinjau berdasarkan kemampuan lahan dengan tingkat kerentanan banjir di daerah penelitian yang ditunjukkan oleh aspek sosial, fisik, ekonomi, dan lingkungan.
UJI KEASLIAN MADU LEBAH HUTAN APIS DORSATA DARI NEKTAR UNIFLORA ACACIA MANGIUM MENGGUNAKAN SPEKTROSKOPI ULTRAVIOLET DAN KEMOMETRIKA
Authors:   Jurusan Teknik Pertanian, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Lampung, Suhandy Diding , Yulia Meinilwita ,   Program Studi Mekanisasi Pertanian, Jurusan Teknologi Pertanian, Politeknik Negeri Lampung
Published: April 2021

Produksi madu uniflora cukup terbatas, khususnya yang dihasilkan oleh lebah hutan Apis dorsata. Madu uniflora yang dihasilkan lebah hutan Apis dorsata dari nektar bunga pohon Akasia Mangium (Acacia mangium) merupakan salah satu madu hutan premium yang sangat populer di Indonesia dan Malaysia. Studi uji keaslian madu uniflora Acacia mangium menggunakan spektroskopi ultraviolet belum dilakukan. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengevaluasi penggunaan spektroskopi ultraviolet dan kemometrika untuk membedakan madu uniflora Acacia mangium dengan madu multiflora yang memiliki warna mirip madu uniflora Acacia mangium. Sebanyak 50 sampel madu uniflora Acacia mangium dan 50 sampel madu multiflora disiapkan sebagai sampel. Sampel tersebut disiapkan dengan cara mencampurkan madu dan air distilasi dengan perbandingan 1:30 (volume/volume). Spektra seluruh sampel madu dan referensi (air distilasi) di panjang gelombang 190-1100 nm (full spectrum) diakuisisi menggunakan spektrometer UV-visible (Genesys™ 10S UV-Vis, Thermo Scientific, USA). Klasifikasi tidak terbimbing menggunakan metode HCA dan PCA menunjukkan sampel madu dapat dikelompokkan ke dalam dua kluster berbeda yaitu kluster madu uniflora dan kluster madu multiflora. Klasifikasi terbimbing menggunakan metode LDA menunjukkan hasil yang sangat memuaskan dengan nilai akurasi sebesar 100% berhasil diperoleh baik untuk kalibrasi maupun prediksi. Kata kunci: Akurasi Klasifikasi; LDA; Madu Acacia Mangium; Pemalsuan Madu; Uji Keaslian
PENGUKURAN EFEKTIVITAS MESIN PRODUKSI GULA DI PG KREMBOONG SIDOARJO
Authors:   Jurusan Teknologi Industri Pertanian, Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian, Universitas Brawijaya, Kurniawan Miftakhurrizal , Ramadhan Wahyu ,   Jurusan Teknologi Industri Pertanian, Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian, Universitas Brawijaya, Effendi Usman ,   Jurusan Teknologi Industri Pertanian, Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian, Universitas Brawijaya
Published: April 2021

PG Kremboong merupakan salah satu perusahaan gula pasir di bawah naungan PTPN X yang sudah berusia 172 tahun. Kegiatan produksi yang berjalan secara terus-menerus dan umur pabrik yang sudah sangat tua menjadi salah satu faktor yang dapat menyebabkan penurunan efektivitas mesin produksi. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengukur tingkat efektivitas mesin produksi gula terutama di stasiun gilingan PG Kremboong dan memberikan alternatif strategi perbaikan. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini yaitu overall throughput effectiveness (OTE), fishbone diagram dan analytical hierarchy process (AHP). Metode OTE digunakan untuk mengukur tingkat efektivitas stasiun giling PG Kremboong dan six big losses pada setiap mesinnya. Fishbone diagram digunakan untuk mengetahui faktor yang berpengaruh. Metode AHP digunakan untuk menentukan tingkat prioritas perbandingan berpasangan antar faktor, subfaktor dan alternatif strategi perbaikan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai OTE sebesar 84,41% dengan bottleneck indicator sebesar 0.0256. Rata-rata kerugian yang terjadi pada setiap mesin yaitu breakdown losses 0,048%, setup and adjustment losses 0,159%, idle and minor stoppages 12,127%, dan reduced speed losses 11,749%. Faktor yang menjadi prioritas utama pada metode AHP yaitu material (0,543), method (0,275), machine (0,118) dan man (0,063). Prioritas alternatif strategi perbaikan untuk meningkatkan efektivitas stasiun giling di PG Kremboong terdiri atas perbaikan perencanaan produksi (0,606), peningkatan pengawasan dan pengecekan mesin (0,234), dan memberikan pelatihan perbaikan mesin (0,161). Kata Kunci : AHP; Fishbone diagram; OTE
¿La Corte Constitucional como referente del buen vivir?
Authors: Delgado Esguerra Carolina
Published: April 2021

A pesar de su diversidad étnica y cultural, Colombia no se presenta como referente del buen vivir en los ámbitos académico o político. Por esto, el presente trabajo busca analizar la existencia de los postulados del buen vivir a partir del estudio de tres pronunciamientos de la Corte Constitucional colombiana en los que se han resuelto conflictos sobre el modelo de desarrollo. Se puede anticipar que, en estos fallos, la Corte ha apostado por elementos afines al buen vivir, implícita o explícitamente, mediante una crítica a la irreflexibidad economicista con la que se asume el proyecto de desarrollo extractivo colombiano y el respaldo que otorgó a las diversas formas de vida de las comunidades involucradas en estos conflictos.
El papel de la AD- M-19 como fuerza política alternativa en la Constituyente de 1991
Authors: Moreno Mancera Jose David
Published: April 2021

Este artículo busca describir, desde una perspectiva histórica, las dinámicas que tuvieron lugar entre 1990 y 1991 no solo en el desarrollo de la Asamblea Nacional Constituyente, sino especialmente en una de sus bancadas más importantes: la Alianza Democrática m-19. Esto resulta relevante, ya que esta organización política era nueva para la época en la arena electoral; a pesar de ello tuvo un respaldo electoral muy importante. Este escrito ofrece una mirada enfocada tanto en los miembros de la bancada, de forma particular, como de la organización política, de forma general. El análisis toma relevancia si se tiene en cuenta que en muy pocos años la Alianza Democrática m-19 desapareció como organización política; sin embargo, su aporte a la institucionalidad colombiana sigue vigente. Las ideas que se exponen a continuación son fruto de una investigación que se basó especialmente en entrevistas a los protagonistas implicados, así como archivos personales de algunos miembros de la Alianza Democrática de esa época.
Interorganizational Knowledge Sharing to Establish Digital Health Learning Ecosystems: Qualitative Evaluation of a National Digital Health Transformation Program in England
Authors: Cresswell Kathrin , Sheikh Aziz , Franklin Bryony Dean , Krasuska Marta , The Nguyen Hung , Hinder Susan , Lane Wendy , Mozaffar Hajar , Mason Kathy , Eason Sally , Potts Henry , Williams Robin
Published: April 2021

Background

The English Global Digital Exemplar (GDE) program is one of the first concerted efforts to create a digital health learning ecosystem across a national health service.

Objective

This study aims to explore mechanisms that support or inhibit the exchange of interorganizational digital transformation knowledge.

Methods

We conducted a formative qualitative evaluation of the GDE program. We used semistructured interviews with clinical, technical, and managerial staff; national program managers and network leaders; nonparticipant observations of knowledge transfer activities through attending meetings, workshops, and conferences; and documentary analysis of policy documents. The data were thematically analyzed by drawing on a theory-informed sociotechnical coding framework. We used a mixture of deductive and inductive methods, supported by NVivo software, to facilitate coding.

Results

We conducted 341 one-on-one and 116 group interviews, observed 86 meetings, and analyzed 245 documents from 36 participating provider organizations. We also conducted 51 high-level interviews with policy makers and vendors; performed 77 observations of national meetings, workshops, and conferences; and analyzed 80 national documents. Formal processes put in place by the GDE program to initiate and reinforce knowledge transfer and learning have accelerated the growth of informal knowledge networking and helped establish the foundations of a learning ecosystem. However, formal networks were most effective when supported by informal networking. The benefits of networking were enhanced (and costs reduced) by geographical proximity, shared culture and context, common technological functionality, regional and strategic alignments, and professional agendas.

Conclusions

Knowledge exchange is most effective when sustained through informal networking driven by the mutual benefits of sharing knowledge and convergence between group members in their organizational and technological setting and goals. Policy interventions need to enhance incentives and reduce barriers to sharing across the ecosystem, be flexible in tailoring formal interventions to emerging needs, and promote informal knowledge sharing.
Performance and Limitation of Machine Learning Algorithms for Diabetic Retinopathy Screening: Meta-analysis
Authors: Wu Jo-Hsuan , Liu T Y Alvin , Hsu Wan-Ting , Ho Jennifer Hui-Chun , Lee Chien-Chang
Published: April 2021

Background

Diabetic retinopathy (DR), whose standard diagnosis is performed by human experts, has high prevalence and requires a more efficient screening method. Although machine learning (ML)–based automated DR diagnosis has gained attention due to recent approval of IDx-DR, performance of this tool has not been examined systematically, and the best ML technique for use in a real-world setting has not been discussed.

Objective

The aim of this study was to systematically examine the overall diagnostic accuracy of ML in diagnosing DR of different categories based on color fundus photographs and to determine the state-of-the-art ML approach.

Methods

Published studies in PubMed and EMBASE were searched from inception to June 2020. Studies were screened for relevant outcomes, publication types, and data sufficiency, and a total of 60 out of 2128 (2.82%) studies were retrieved after study selection. Extraction of data was performed by 2 authors according to PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses), and the quality assessment was performed according to the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies 2 (QUADAS-2). Meta-analysis of diagnostic accuracy was pooled using a bivariate random effects model. The main outcomes included diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of ML in diagnosing DR based on color fundus photographs, as well as the performances of different major types of ML algorithms.

Results

The primary meta-analysis included 60 color fundus photograph studies (445,175 interpretations). Overall, ML demonstrated high accuracy in diagnosing DR of various categories, with a pooled area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) ranging from 0.97 (95% CI 0.96-0.99) to 0.99 (95% CI 0.98-1.00). The performance of ML in detecting more-than-mild DR was robust (sensitivity 0.95; AUROC 0.97), and by subgroup analyses, we observed that robust performance of ML was not limited to benchmark data sets (sensitivity 0.92; AUROC 0.96) but could be generalized to images collected in clinical practice (sensitivity 0.97; AUROC 0.97). Neural network was the most widely used method, and the subgroup analysis revealed a pooled AUROC of 0.98 (95% CI 0.96-0.99) for studies that used neural networks to diagnose more-than-mild DR.

Conclusions

This meta-analysis demonstrated high diagnostic accuracy of ML algorithms in detecting DR on color fundus photographs, suggesting that state-of-the-art, ML-based DR screening algorithms are likely ready for clinical applications. However, a significant portion of the earlier published studies had methodology flaws, such as the lack of external validation and presence of spectrum bias. The results of these studies should be interpreted with caution.