bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Advances in nano‐preparations for improving tetrandrine solubility and bioavailability
Authors: Ling Jie , Wu Jingping , Cao Yuening , Zhang Tingting , Cao Xiujun , Ge Xian , Liu Yilan , Wang Maolin , Ren Bo , Lu Jun
Published: June 2024

Tetrandrine (TET) is a natural bis‐benzylisoquinoline alkaloid isolated from Stephania species with a wide range of biological and pharmacologic activities; it mainly serves as an anti‐inflammatory agent or antitumor adjuvant in clinical applications. However, limitations such as prominent hydrophobicity, severe off‐target toxicity, and low absorption result in suboptimal therapeutic outcomes preventing its widespread adoption. Nanoparticles have proven to be efficient devices for targeted drug delivery since drug‐carrying nanoparticles can be passively transported to the tumor site by the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effects, thus securing a niche in cancer therapies. Great progress has been made in nanocarrier construction for TET delivery due to their outstanding advantages such as increased water‐solubility, improved biodistribution and blood circulation, reduced off‐target irritation, and combinational therapy. Herein, we systematically reviewed the latest advancements in TET‐loaded nanoparticles and their respective features with the expectation of providing perspective and guidelines for future research and potential applications of TET.
Comparing risk profiles of international stock markets as functional data: COVID‐19 versus the global financial crisis
Authors: Shackleton Ryan Liam , Das Sonali , Gupta Rangan
Published: June 2024

In this article, we aim to provide a detailed econometric analysis of the realized volatility in international stock markets of Brazil, China, Europe, India, the United Kingdom, and the United States, which represent a mix of large developing, and developed markets. For our purpose, we use the functional data analysis (FDA) framework, whence discrete volatility data were first transformed into continuous functions, and thereafter, derivatives of the continuous functions were investigated, and kinetic and potential energy associated is the volatility system were extracted. Results revealed that COVID‐19 indeed had a significant effect on international financial market volatility for all the countries, with the exception of China. The realized volatility of the international financial markets did return to their pre‐COVID levels in May 2020, and this recovery time was significantly faster than the 2008 financial crisis recovery period. Within the FDA framework, we further investigated the role of uncertainty on the realized volatility, specifically from an outbreak of an infectious disease (such as COVID‐19) and a daily newspaper‐based infectious disease index as the predictor. The regression analysis showed that the volatility of financial markets can be accurately modeled by this infectious disease index, but only for periods experiencing an epidemic or pandemic.
A Mendelian randomization study of the entire phenome to explore the causal links between epilepsy
Authors: Zhang Wei , Zhang Li‐Ming , Zhi Lin , Qi Ji , He Jue
Published: June 2024

Objective

The causes and triggering factors of epilepsy are still unknown. The results of genome‐wide association studies can be utilized for a phenome‐wide association study using Mendelian randomization (MR) to identify potential risk factors for epilepsy.

Methods

This study utilizes two‐sample MR analysis to investigate whether 316 phenotypes, including lifestyle, environmental factors, blood biomarker, and more, are causally associated with the occurrence of epilepsy. The primary analysis employed the inverse variance weighted (IVW) model, while complementary MR analysis methods (MR Egger, Wald ratio) were also employed. Sensitivity analyses were also conducted to evaluate heterogeneity and pleiotropy.

Results

There was no evidence of a statistically significant causal association between the examined phenotypes and epilepsy following Bonferroni correction (p < 1.58 × 10−4) or false discovery rate correction. The results of the MR analysis indicate that the frequency of tiredness or lethargy in the last 2 weeks (p = 0.042), blood uridine (p = 0.003), blood propionylcarnitine (p = 0.041), and free cholesterol (p = 0.044) are suggestive causal risks for epilepsy. Lifestyle choices, such as sleep duration and alcohol consumption, as well as biomarkers including steroid hormone levels, hippocampal volume, and amygdala volume were not identified as causal factors for developing epilepsy (p > 0.05).

Conclusions

Our study provides additional insights into the underlying causes of epilepsy, which will serve as evidence for the prevention and control of epilepsy. The associations observed in epidemiological studies may be partially attributed to shared biological factors or lifestyle confounders.
Nutritional impairment, psychological health and quality of life among older adults with advanced cancer: A secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Singhal Surbhi , Wang Ying , Qin Zhaoyang , Peterson Derick R. , Dunne Richard F. , Culakova Eva , Hopkins Judith O. , Melnyk Natalia , Onitilo Adedayo , Targia Valerie , Mohile Supriya , Loh Kah Poh
Published: June 2024

Background

Nutritional impairment is associated with treatment toxicity and worse overall survival in patients with cancer. We aimed to (1) evaluate the association of nutritional impairment with psychological health and quality of life (QOL) and (2) examine which measures of nutrition had the strongest association with psychological health and QOL among older adults receiving cancer treatment with palliative intent.

Methods

This secondary analysis was performed on baseline data from a nationwide cluster randomized clinical trial (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02107443; PI: Mohile). Adults age ≥70 with advanced cancer and ≥1 geriatric assessment (GA) impairment were enrolled from 2014 to 2017. In line with geriatric oncology standards, we defined nutritional impairment as Mini Nutritional Assessment Short Form (MNA‐SF) ≤11, body mass index (BMI) <21 kg/m2, or >10% involuntary weight loss in the past 6 months. We conducted multivariable linear regressions to evaluate the association of nutritional impairment with each measure of psychological health and QOL: Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS‐15, range 0–15), Generalized Anxiety Disorder‐7 (GAD‐7, range 0–21), NCCN Distress Thermometer (NCCN DT, range 0–10), and Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy‐General (FACT‐G, range 0–108). Analyses were adjusted for patient demographics, clinical characteristics, and GA.

Results

Among 541 patients, the mean age was 77 (range 70–96) and 60% had nutritional impairment. Mean baseline scores: GDS‐15 3.1 (SD 2.7), GAD‐7 2.9 (SD 4.0), NCCN DT 2.9 (SD 2.7), and FACT‐G 80 (SD 15). In the adjusted model, compared to those with no nutritional impairment, older adults with nutritional impairment had greater depression (β = 0.79, 95% CI 0.36–1.23) and anxiety severity (β = 0.86, 95% CI 0.19–1.53), and worse QOL (β = −6.31, 95% CI −8.62 to −4.00). Of the measures of nutrition, MNA‐SF ≤11 demonstrated the strongest associations with depression, anxiety, distress, and QOL.

Conclusion

Nutritional impairment is associated with impaired psychological health and worse QOL. Clinicians should use the MNA‐SF to screen older adults for nutritional impairment and offer tailored supportive interventions.
Recent Advances in Electrochemiluminescence Visual Biosensing and Bioimaging
Authors: Yan Yajuan , Ding Lurong , Ding Jialian , Zhou Ping , Su Bin
Published: June 2024

Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) is one of the most powerful techniques that meet the needs of analysis and detection in a variety of scenarios, because of its highly analytical sensitivity and excellent spatiotemporal controllability. ECL combined with microscopy (ECLM) offers a promising approach for quantifying and mapping a wide range of analytes. To date, ECLM has been widely used to image biological entities and processes, such as cells, subcellular structures, proteins and membrane transport properties. In this review, we first introduced the mechanisms of several classic ECL systems, then highlighted the progress of visual biosensing and bioimaging by ECLM in the last decade. Finally, the characteristics of ECLM were summarized, as well as some of the current challenges. The future research interests and potential directions for the application of ECLM were also outlooked.
Chemical Resolution of an Epitope Recognized by Blood Group Antibodies Capable of Binding Both A and B Red Blood Cells
Authors: Obukhova Polina , Tyrtysh Tatiana , Tsygankova Svetlana , Paramonov Alexander , Gordeeva Elena , Shilova Nadezhda , Lipatnikov Alexander , Sokolova Maria , Henry Stephen , Salimov Emin , Bovin Nicolai , Ryzhov Ivan
Published: June 2024

The high specificity of human antibodies to blood group A and B antigens is impressive, especially when considering the structural difference between these antigens (tetrasaccharides) is a NHAc versus a hydroxyl group on the terminal monosaccharide residue. It is well established that in addition to anti‐A and anti‐B there is a third antibody, anti‐A,B capable of recognizing both A and B antigens. To analyze this AB specificity, we synthesized a tetrasaccharide, where the NHAc of the A antigen was replaced with an NH2. This NH2 group was then used to attach the glycan to an affinity resin, creating an AB epitope (ABep) adsorbent where the critical site for recognition by A and B antibodies was not accessible, while the rest of the (conformationally compact) tetrasaccharide remained accessible. Anti‐ABep antibodies were then isolated from blood group O donors and found to have expected A,B specificity against immobilized and red cell bound synthetic antigens, including ABep, and were able to agglutinate both A and B red cells. The amount of these anti‐ABep (anti‐A,B) antibodies found in the blood of group O donors was comparable to levels of anti‐A and anti‐B found in group B and A individuals. Using STD‐NMR the location for the AB epitope on the tetrasaccharide was found.
Industrial Routes from Sugars and Biomass to CMF and Other 5‐(Halomethyl)furfurals
Authors: Bueno Morón Jorge , Arbore Federica , van Klink Gerard P. M. , Mascal Mark , Gruter Gert‐Jan M.
Published: June 2024

The synthesis of 5‐(halomethyl)furfurals (XMFs, X=F, Cl, Br, I), including 5‐(chloromethyl)furfural (CMF), 5‐(bromomethyl)furfural (BMF), 5‐(iodomethyl)furfural (IMF), and 5‐(fluoromethyl)furfural (FMF), from biomass represents a pivotal advancement in renewable chemistry and engineering. Harnessing waste biomass as a raw material offers a sustainable alternative to fossil‐based resources, mitigating environmental degradation and addressing pressing energy needs. CMF and BMF, characterized by their enhanced stability over the hydroxyl analog, 5‐(hydroxymethyl)furfural (HMF), exhibit promise as renewable building blocks for scale‐up and commercialization. The surge in research interest, particularly from 2010 to 2024, reflects a growing recognition of XMFs′ potential as novel platform chemicals. This review highlights the evolution of XMF synthesis methods, focusing on their transformation from saccharides and lignocellulosic biomass. Mechanistic insights and experimental setups are scrutinized for industrial feasibility and scalability, shedding light on technical challenges and avenues for further research. The analysis underscores the burgeoning significance of XMFs in the transition towards sustainable chemical production, emphasizing the importance of process optimization and mechanistic understanding for commercial deployment.
An energy‐efficient method using PSO clustering and fuzzy routing to reduce energy consumption in IoT
Authors: Motameni Homayun
Published: June 2024

In “Internet of Things” (IoT) technology, all objects can connect to the Internet with a unique Internet address. The sensors have limited energy resources due to their use of batteries in supplying energy, and since battery replacement in these sensors is not usually feasible, the longevity of wireless sensor networks is limited. Therefore, reducing the energy consumption of the used sensors in IoT networks to increase the network lifetime is one of the crucial challenges and parameters in such networks. These networks are subject to a variety of errors. Errors in wireless communication channels, network dynamics due to the mobility of nodes, and the potential for mistakes in mobile nodes are among the causes of errors in these networks. Despite the above failures, the development of routing algorithms in IoT‐based networks has become a significant challenge for researchers, so it is essential to provide routing algorithms to increase network lifespan and reduce energy consumption. In this study, a two‐dimensional network‐based architecture for the Internet of Things is presented. The proposed algorithm first organizes the nodes into logical cells and selects nodes in each cell as the cluster head. The cluster head is selected based on the binary Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm. Then, each node sends its collected data to the cluster head. The cluster heads first aggregate the received data and then use a fuzzy method to send the data to the base station. The proposed algorithm uses the remaining energy level parameter, cluster density, and location of each cell using fuzzy system capabilities and the particle swarm algorithm to try to route data with less energy consumption and increase network lifespan. The proposed method is simulated in ns2 software, and for a more accurate evaluation, we compare it with LEACH, Ant‐C, PSO, EABC, and SOA‐CH algorithms. We see that the proposed method performs better than other methods in terms of energy consumption and network lifespan.
Assessment of lipid profile and antioxidant activity of pulp, shell, and kernel of Moroccan Balanites aegyptiaca fruit
Authors: El Kaourat Asma , El Harkaoui Said , Kartah Badr Eddine , Choukri Hasnae , Guillaume Dominique , Matthäus Bertrand , El Monfalouti Hanae
Published: June 2024

The Balanites aegyptiaca tree is widely used in many countries where it occurs. However, in Morocco its nutritional properties and chemical composition have not been extensively studied. This study aims to investigate its potential health benefits, focusing on bioactive compounds found in the fruit, including the pulp, shell and kernel. The fatty acid composition, phytosterol content, triacylglycerols and tocopherol levels of the lipid fraction extracted from different parts of Balanites fruit were analyzed using chromatographic techniques. Additionally, the antioxidant activity was assessed through the DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays. Results showed that the pulp, shell and kernel are rich in oleic acid, with percentages of 47.2%, 45.9%, and 41.9%, respectively. The linoleic acid content was consistent across all three parts. The shell had the highest phytosterols content, with β‐sitosterol being the most abundant in all three parts. The analysis revealed some variability in the identification of tocopherols, with the kernel containing the highest content of tocopherols, mainly α‐Tocopherol at 399 mg kg−1. The fruit, in its entirety, exhibits antioxidant activity as evaluated by three different methods: DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP. Overall, the study demonstrates that the fruit of B. aegyptiaca growing in Morocco possesses properties that could be utilized in the food and medical industries.

Practical Application: The fruit parts of the Balanites tree (Balanites aegyptiaca) are rich in fatty acids, tocochromanols, and phytosterols, exhibiting significant antioxidant capacity. This study reveals the potential of the bioactive compounds of the fruit, which offers substantial practical applications as a natural source of antioxidants in food formulations and nutraceuticals. By leveraging the bioactive compounds identified in this study, researchers and industries can investigate the development of functional food and cosmeceuticals formulations to enhance human health and well‐being.
Electro‐Organic Stereoselective Dehydrogenative Homo‐Coupling of β‐Naphthylamines Derivatives
Authors: Resta Simonetta , Medici Fabrizio , Andolina Stefano , Rossi Sergio , Benaglia Maurizio
Published: June 2024

The electrochemical stereoselective dehydrogenative homocoupling of β‐naphthylamine derivatives was investigated and successfully accomplished, the chiral diaryl amines being obtained in up to 60 % yield. The use of an enantiopure β‐naphthylamine featuring an aminoalcohol as chiral auxiliary led to the expected 2,2’‐binaphthyl diamine derivative in up to 96/4 diastereoisomeric ratio. The application of the methodology to the intramolecular cross coupling of the enantiopure bis‐N‐β‐naphthylamine 1,2‐trans‐diamino cyclohexane led to the formation of a single enantiopure diastereoisomer in 37 % yield.
Study on the impact of digital economy on green innovation in Anhui Province through space–time evolution
Authors: Chen Zhuo , Shao Yuhong
Published: June 2024

In today's digital economy, green innovation has become a focal point of global attention. This paper takes Anhui province as the research subject and discusses its carbon emission level through the method of space–time evolution. Moreover, it defines the role and impact relationship of green innovation, aiming to promote the development of green innovation in Anhui. This study adopts the spatio‐temporal evolution analysis method, integrating the green innovation data and digital economy development indicators in Anhui in recent years. Moreover, in order to deeply understand the internal interrelation between green innovation and the digital economy, geographic information system (GIS) technology and statistical knowledge are used. At the same time, the data from different periods and spatial scales are compared, and the spatio‐temporal evolution between them is understood using dynamic methods. It is found that in light of the current rapid economic progress, the level of green economy innovation in Anhui province is increasing overall, but at different spatial and temporal scales, the level of green innovation is slightly affected by the digital economy. In some periods and regions, the digital economy as a whole can promote green innovation levels, but the impact of this increase varies from region to region and over time. Through the analysis of temporal and spatial evolution, it is found that the level of green innovation in Anhui Province will be affected by the local digital economy, which is not regular, but presents the characteristics of diversity and complexity. Therefore, it is crucial to comprehensively consider the regional differences and progress of the digital economy to support the economic development and environmental protection of Anhui Province. Future research can be initiated by exploring the developmental mechanisms linking green innovation levels and the mode of digital development to provide more detailed policy recommendations for the advancement of green innovation.
Nalfurafine promotes myelination in vitro and facilitates recovery from cuprizone + rapamycin‐induced demyelination in mice
Authors: van de Wetering Ross , Bibi Rabia , Biggerstaff Andy , Hong Sheein , Pengelly Bria , Prisinzano Thomas E. , La Flamme Anne C. , Kivell Bronwyn M.
Published: June 2024

The kappa opioid receptor has been identified as a promising therapeutic target for promoting remyelination. In the current study, we evaluated the ability of nalfurafine to promote oligodendrocyte progenitor cell (OPC) differentiation and myelination in vitro, and its efficacy in an extended, cuprizone‐induced demyelination model. Primary mouse (C57BL/6J) OPC‐containing cultures were treated with nalfurafine (0.6–200 nM), clemastine (0.01–100 μM), T3 (30 ng/mL), or vehicle for 5 days. Using immunocytochemistry and confocal microscopy, we found that nalfurafine treatment increased OPC differentiation, oligodendrocyte (OL) morphological complexity, and myelination of nanofibers in vitro. Adult male mice (C57BL/6J) were given a diet containing 0.2% cuprizone and administered rapamycin (10 mg/kg) once daily for 12 weeks followed by 6 weeks of treatment with nalfurafine (0.01 or 0.1 mg/kg), clemastine (10 mg/kg), or vehicle. We quantified the number of OLs using immunofluorescence, gross myelination using black gold staining, and myelin thickness using electron microscopy. Cuprizone + rapamycin treatment produced extensive demyelination and was accompanied by a loss of mature OLs, which was partially reversed by therapeutic administration of nalfurafine. We also assessed these mice for functional behavioral changes in open‐field, horizontal bar, and mouse motor skill sequence tests (complex wheel running). Cuprizone + rapamycin treatment resulted in hyperlocomotion, poorer horizontal bar scores, and less distance traveled on the running wheels. Partial recovery was observed on both the horizontal bar and complex running wheel tests over time, which was facilitated by nalfurafine treatment. Taken together, these data highlight the potential of nalfurafine as a remyelination‐promoting therapeutic.
Modern era systemic therapies: Expanding concepts of cure in early and locally advanced non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Melosky Barbara , Vincent Mark D. , McGuire Anna L. , Brade Anthony M. , Chu Quincy , Cheema Parneet , Martins Ilidio , Spicer Jonathan D. , Snow Stephanie , Juergens Rosalyn A.
Published: June 2024

Cure of cancer is a sensitive and multidimensional concept that is challenging to define, difficult to assert at the individual patient level, and often surrounded by controversy. The notion of cure in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has changed and continues to evolve with improvements in diagnosis and treatment. Targeted and immune therapies have recently entered the treatment landscape of stage I–III NSCLC. While some initial pivotal trials of such agents failed to improve survival, recently approved epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors (in EGFR‐mutated NSCLC) and immune checkpoint inhibitors have shown delays in disease recurrence or progression and unprecedented survival gains compared to previous standards of care. Additional data is now emerging supporting the benefit of treatment strategies based on alternation‐matched targeting (anaplastic lymphoma kinase [ALK] inhibition in ALK‐altered disease) and immune checkpoint inhibition in stage I–III NSCLC. Similar to previous developments in the treatment of early and locally advanced NSCLC, it is expected that statistically significant and clinically meaningful trial‐level benefits will translate into real‐world benefits, including improvements in cure measures. Parallel advances in molecular testing (e.g., circulating tumor DNA analyses) are also allowing for a deeper and more comprehensive characterization of disease status and treatment response. Given the impact that curative‐intent treatments have on survival, it is critical that various stakeholders, including clinicians and patients, are aware of new opportunities to pursue cure in stage I–III NSCLC.
3D mask based lung function monitoring system using machine learning for early identification of lung disorders
Authors: Bhansali Ashok , Rekha P. M. , Shahapure Nagamani H. , Pallavi G. B. , Punitha K. , Surendrarao Honnahalli Shruthishree
Published: June 2024

Early identification of illness can aid in lowering the death rate related to lung illnesses. Asthma, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), and bronchiectasis are all chronic respiratory illnesses that cause irritation and oedema of the airway due to increased mucus discharge. Monitoring the asthmatic patient's physiological state is vital to avoiding dangerous circumstances. This study offers a regular lung function monitoring system that employs Machine Learning (ML) approach to aids in the prompt detection of symptoms of illness and the prevention of significant epidemics of the lung condition. A collection of sensors are coupled to the microcontroller in a 3D mask created using 3D printing technology. When a person wearing a face mask breathes in and out, the sensor values are instantly retrieved. The sensor data is sent to the cloud via a Wi‐Fi module for additional evaluation, and categorisation is performed using genetic algorithms, Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The GA, SWM, and PCA algorithms identify lung sickness using data from sensors obtained from the 3D masks through the web interface. There were 250 participants in total, comprising persons from all ages, smoker and those who do not smoke as well as asthmatics. The classifiers are trained utilising a set of pretrained values obtained from freely accessible datasets. Furthermore, patients are alerted when physiological indicators deviate from normal and when favourable atmospheric circumstances change.
An Approach in Melanoma Skin Cancer Segmentation With Bat Optimization Algorithm
Authors: Abed Marwah Sameer Abed , Akbas Ayhan
Published: June 2024

Numerous advancements and significant progress have been made in computer methods for medical applications, alongside technological developments. Automatic image analysis plays a crucial role in the realm of medical diagnosis and therapy. Recent breakthroughs, especially in the field of medical image processing, have enabled the automatic detection of various characteristics, alterations, diseases, and degenerative conditions using skin scans. Utilizing image processing methods, skin image analysis is instrumental in the identification and monitoring of conditions manifesting through alterations in skin structure. Notably, accurate segmentation of cancerous regions from the background remains a challenging task in the area of melanoma image analysis. The primary objective of this study is to achieve exceptional precision in delineating melanoma boundaries. Leveraging the Bat Optimization algorithm, we determine the optimal threshold for melanoma segmentation, effectively identifying the most accurate cancerous area boundaries. To evaluate the results, standard metrics such as accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, Dice coefficient, and F1 score are employed. In this study, we applied the Bat Optimization algorithm to determine the optimal threshold value for segmenting melanoma skin cancer, effectively identifying the most accurate cancerous area boundaries. For result evaluation, we employed standard metrics including accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, Dice coefficient, and F1 score, which yielded impressive values of 99.8%, 98.99%, 98.87%, 98.45%, and 98.24%, respectively.
Compact Linnik‐type hyperspectral quantitative phase microscope for advanced classification of cellular components
Authors: Joshi Himanshu , Singh Bhanu Pratap , Butola Ankit , Surya Varun , Mishra Deepika , Agarwal Krishna , Mehta Dalip Singh
Published: June 2024

Hyperspectral quantitative phase microscopy (HS‐QPM) involves the acquisition of phase images across narrow spectral bands, which enables wavelength‐dependent study of different biological samples. In the present work, a compact Linnik‐type HS‐QPM system is developed to reduce the instability and complexity associated with conventional HS‐QPM techniques. The use of a single objective lens for both reference and sample arms makes the setup compact. The capabilities of the system are demonstrated by evaluating the HS phase map of both industrial and biological specimens. Phase maps of exfoliated cheek cells at different wavelengths are stacked to form a HS phase cube, adding spectral dimensionality to spatial phase distribution. Analysis of wavelength response of different cellular components are performed using principal component analysis to identify dominant spectral features present in the HS phase dataset. Findings of the study emphasize on the efficiency and effectiveness of HS‐QPM for advancing cellular characterization in biomedical research and clinical applications.
Development and Evaluation of Ontogeny Functions of the Major UDP‐Glucuronosyltransferase Enzymes to Underwrite Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling in Pediatric Populations
Authors: Farhan Nashid , Dahal Upendra P. , Wahlstrom Jan
Published: June 2024

Uridine 5′‐diphospho‐glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) demonstrate variable expression in the pediatric population. Thus, understanding of age‐dependent maturation of UGTs is critical for accurate pediatric pharmacokinetics (PK) prediction of drugs that are susceptible for glucuronidation. Ontogeny functions of major UGTs have been previously developed and reported. However, those ontogeny functions are based on in vitro data (i.e., enzyme abundance, in vitro substrate activity, and so on) and therefore, may not translate to in vivo maturation of UGTs in the clinical setting. This report describes meta‐analysis of the literature to develop and compare ontogeny functions for 8 primary UGTs (UGT1A1, UGT1A4, UGT1A6, UGT1A9, UGT2B7, UGT2B10, UGT2B15, and UGT2B17) based on published in vitro and in vivo studies. Once integrated with physiologically based pharmacokinetics modeling models, in vivo activity‐based ontogeny functions demonstrated somewhat greater prediction accuracy (mean squared error, MSE: 0.05) compared to in vitro activity (MSE: 0.104) and in vitro abundance‐based ontogeny functions (MSE: 0.129).
Creatinine, cystatin C, muscle mass, and mortality: Findings from a primary and replication population‐based cohort
Authors: Groothof Dion , Shehab Naser B.N. , Erler Nicole S. , Post Adrian , Kremer Daan , Polinder‐Bos Harmke A. , Gansevoort Ron T. , Groen Henk , Pol Robert A. , Gans Reinold O.B. , Bakker Stephan J.L.
Published: June 2024

Background

Serum creatinine is used as initial test to derive eGFR and confirmatory testing with serum cystatin C is recommended when creatinine‐based eGFR is considered less accurate due to deviant muscle mass. Low muscle mass is associated with increased risk of premature mortality. However, the associations of serum creatinine and cystatin C with muscle mass and mortality remain unclear and require further investigation to better inform clinical decision‐making.

Methods

We included 8437 community‐dwelling adults enrolled in the Dutch PREVEND study and 5033 in the US NHANES replication cohort. Associations of serum creatinine and/or cystatin C with muscle mass surrogates and mortality were quantified with linear and Cox proportional hazards regression, respectively. Missing observations in covariates were multiply imputed using Substantive Model Compatible Fully Conditional Specification.

Results

Mean (SD) age of PREVEND and NHANES participants (50% and 48% male) were 49.8 (12.6) and 48.7 (18.7) years, respectively. Median (Q1–Q3) serum creatinine and cystatin C were 71 (61–80) and 80 (62–88) μmol/L and 0.87 (0.78–0.98) and 0.91 (0.80–1.10) mg/L, respectively. Higher serum creatinine was associated with greater muscle mass, while serum cystatin C was not associated with muscle mass. Adjusting both markers for each other strengthened the positive relationship between serum creatinine and muscle mass and revealed an inverse association between serum cystatin C and muscle mass. In the PREVEND cohort, 1636 (19%) deaths were registered over a median follow‐up of 12.9 (5.8–16.3) years with a 10‐year mortality rate (95% CI) of 7.6% (7.1–8.2%). In the NHANES, 1273 (25%) deaths were registered over a median follow‐up of 17.9 (17.3–18.5) years with a 10‐year mortality rate of 13.8% (12.8–14.7%). Both markers were associated with increased mortality. Notably, when adjusted for each other, higher serum creatinine was associated with decreased mortality, while the association between serum cystatin C and increased mortality strengthened. The shapes of the associations in the PREVEND study and NHANES were almost identical.

Conclusions

The strong association between serum creatinine and muscle mass challenges its reliability as GFR marker, necessitating a more cautious approach in its clinical use. The minimal association between serum cystatin C and muscle mass supports its increased use as a more reliable alternative in routine clinical practice.
Differentiation Between High‐Grade Glioma and Brain Metastasis Using Cerebral Perfusion‐Related Parameters (Cerebral Blood Volume and Cerebral Blood Flow): A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis of Perfusion‐weighted MRI Techniques
Authors: Mohammadi Sana , Ghaderi Sadegh , Jouzdani Ali Fathi , Azinkhah Iman , Alibabaei Sanaz , Azami Mobin , Omrani Vida
Published: June 2024

Background

Distinguishing high‐grade gliomas (HGGs) from brain metastases (BMs) using perfusion‐weighted imaging (PWI) remains challenging. PWI offers quantitative measurements of cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cerebral blood volume (CBV), but optimal PWI parameters for differentiation are unclear.

Purpose

To compare CBF and CBV derived from PWIs in HGGs and BMs, and to identify the most effective PWI parameters and techniques for differentiation.

Study Type

Systematic review and meta‐analysis.

Population

Twenty‐four studies compared CBF and CBV between HGGs (n = 704) and BMs (n = 488).

Field Strength/Sequence

Arterial spin labeling (ASL), dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC), dynamic contrast‐enhanced (DCE), and dynamic susceptibility contrast‐enhanced (DSCE) sequences at 1.5 T and 3.0 T.

Assessment

Following the PRISMA guidelines, four major databases were searched from 2000 to 2024 for studies evaluating CBF or CBV using PWI in HGGs and BMs.

Statistical Tests

Standardized mean difference (SMD) with 95% CIs was used. Risk of bias (ROB) and publication bias were assessed, and I2 statistic was used to assess statistical heterogeneity. A P‐value<0.05 was considered significant.

Results

HGGs showed a significant modest increase in CBF (SMD = 0.37, 95% CI: 0.05–0.69) and CBV (SMD = 0.26, 95% CI: 0.01–0.51) compared with BMs. Subgroup analysis based on region, sequence, ROB, and field strength for CBF (HGGs: 375 and BMs: 222) and CBV (HGGs: 493 and BMs: 378) values were conducted. ASL showed a considerable moderate increase (50% overlapping CI) in CBF for HGGs compared with BMs. However, no significant difference was found between ASL and DSC (P = 0.08).

Data Conclusion

ASL‐derived CBF may be more useful than DSC‐derived CBF in differentiating HGGs from BMs. This suggests that ASL may be used as an alternative to DSC when contrast medium is contraindicated or when intravenous injection is not feasible.

Level of Evidence

1.

Technical Efficacy

Stage 2.
Value of a secretomic approach for distinguishing patients with COVID‐19 viral pneumonia among patients with respiratory distress admitted to intensive care unit
Authors: Blangy‐Letheule Angélique , Vergnaud Amandine , Dupas Thomas , Habert Damien , Montnach Jérôme , Oulehri Walid , Hassoun Dorian , Denis Manon , Lecomte Jules , Persello Antoine , Roquilly Antoine , Courty José , Seve Michel , Leroux Aurélia A. , Rozec Bertrand , Bourgoin‐Voillard Sandrine , De Waard Michel , Lauzier Benjamin
Published: June 2024

In intensive care units, COVID‐19 viral pneumonia patients (VPP) present symptoms similar to those of other patients with Nonviral infection (NV‐ICU). To better manage VPP, it is therefore interesting to better understand the molecular pathophysiology of viral pneumonia and to search for biomarkers that may clarify the diagnosis. The secretome being a set of proteins secreted by cells in response to stimuli represents an opportunity to discover new biomarkers. The objective of this study is to identify the secretomic signatures of VPP with those of NV‐ICU. Plasma samples and clinical data from NV‐ICU (n = 104), VPP (n = 30) or healthy donors (HD, n = 20) were collected at Nantes Hospital (France) upon admission. Samples were enriched for the low‐abundant proteins and analyzed using nontarget mass spectrometry. Specifically deregulated proteins (DEP) in VPP versus NV‐ICU were selected. Combinations of 2 to 4 DEPs were established. The differences in secretome profiles of the VPP and NV‐ICU groups were highlighted. Forty‐one DEPs were specifically identified in VPP compared to NV‐ICU. We describe five of the best combinations of 3 proteins (complement component C9, Ficolin‐3, Galectin‐3‐binding protein, Fibrinogen alpha, gamma and beta chain, Proteoglycan 4, Coagulation factor IX and Cdc42 effector protein 4) that show a characteristic receptor function curve with an area under the curve of 95.0%. This study identifies five combinations of candidate biomarkers in VPP compared to NV‐ICU that may help distinguish the underlying causal molecular alterations.
Human umbilical cord‐derived mesenchymal stem cell transplantation improves the long COVID
Authors: Tang Yuling , Zou Xiao , Liu Ping , Dai Yanni , Wang Siqi , Su Xian , Yu Yan , Tang Wenfang , Zhou Jia , Li Chuang , Mei Hua , Xiao Na , Ou Yangqi , Wang Jian , Lu Guangxiu , Lin Ge , Cheng Lamei
Published: June 2024

No effective treatments can ameliorate symptoms of long COVID patients. Our study assessed the safety and efficacy of human umbilical cord‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (UC‐MSCs) in the treatment of long COVID patients. Ten long COVID patients were enrolled and received intravenous infusions of UC‐MSCs on Days 0, 7, and 14. Adverse events and clinical symptoms were recorded, and chest‐high‐resolution CT (HRCT) images and laboratory parameters were analyzed. During UC‐MSCs treatment and follow‐up, we did not observe serious adverse events, the symptoms of long COVID patients were significantly relieved in a short time, especially sleep difficulty, depression or anxiety, memory issues, and so forth, and the lung lesions were also repaired. The routine laboratory parameters did not exhibit any significant abnormalities following UC‐MSCs transplantation (UMSCT). The proportion of regulatory T cells gradually increased, but it was not statistically significant until 12 months. The proportion of naive B cells was elevated, while memory B cells, class‐switched B‐cells, and nonswitched B‐cells decreased at 1 month after infusion. Additionally, we observed a transient elevation in circulating interleukin (IL)−6 after UMSCT, while tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α, IL‐17A, and IL‐10 showed no significant changes. The levels of circulating immunoglobulin (Ig) M increased significantly at month 2, while IgA increased significantly at month 6. Furthermore, the SARS‐CoV‐2 IgG levels remained consistently high in all patients at Month 6, and there was no significant decrease during the subsequent 12‐month follow‐up. UMSCT was safe and tolerable in long COVID patients. It showed potential in alleviating long COVID symptoms and improving interstitial lung lesions.
Proteomics in orthopedic research: Recent studies and their translational implications
Authors: Li George , Stampas Argyrios , Komatsu Yoshihiro , Gao Xueqin , Huard Johnny , Pan Sheng
Published: June 2024

Proteomics is a growing field that offers insights into various aspects of disease processes and therapy responses. Within the field of orthopedics, there are a variety of diseases that have a poor prognosis due to a lack of targeted curative therapy or disease modifying therapy. Other diseases have been difficult to manage in part due to lack of clinical biomarkers that offer meaningful insight into disease progression or severity. As an emerging technology, proteomics has been increasingly applied in studying bone biology and an assortment of orthopedics related diseases, such as osteoarthritis, osteosarcoma and bone tumors, osteoporosis, traumatic bone injury, spinal cord injury, hip and knee arthroplasty, and fragile healing. These efforts range from mechanistic studies for elucidating novel insights in tissue activity and metabolism to identification of candidate biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, and targeted treatment. The knowledge gained from these proteomic and functional studies has provided unique perspectives in studying orthopedic diseases. In this review, we seek to report on the current state of the proteomic study in the field of orthopedics, overview the advances in clinically applicable discoveries, and discuss the opportunities that may guide us for future research.
Ecosystem service trade‐offs and synergies and their drivers in severely affected areas of the Wenchuan earthquake, China
Authors: Huang Longsheng , Du Yi , Tang Yi
Published: June 2024

The suddenness and destructive power of earthquake disasters pose significant threats to ecosystems. Understanding the changes in post‐earthquake ecosystem services and the complex relationships of their trade‐offs and synergistic effects is crucial for post‐disaster recovery and achieving a holistic and sustainable balance of human well‐being. However, quantifying post‐disaster ecosystem services and these intricate relationships, as well as probing the mechanisms behind their formation from a spatial perspective, remain challenging. This study presents a comprehensive framework that integrates spatial statistical methods, the InVEST model, geodetectors, and the Multiscale Geographically Weighted Regression model (MGWR) to quantify trade‐offs and synergistic effects among ecosystem services before and after earthquakes, and to investigate the spatial heterogeneity of these relationship effects with various driving factors. Results indicate (1) Typical ecosystem services, that is, water yield, soil conservation, carbon storage, and habitat quality, have more weak trade‐off effects and fewer synergistic effects. These relationship intensities vary considerably spatially, demonstrating some agglomerative distribution, suggesting that the ecosystem has not yet recovered to a good state after the quake; (2) The impact of different factors on the trade‐offs and synergies between ecosystem services varies. Interaction effects of driving factors are stronger than singular effects. Relationships between soil conservation and other ecosystem services are primarily influenced by topography and climate. Relationships involving carbon storage are mainly affected by vegetation and climate, while those concerning habitat quality are attributed mostly to human and climatic factors; (3) In the modeling process, considering the different spatial scales of driving factors, MGWR outperforms the Geographically Weighted Regression in explaining the relationship between ecosystem services and driving factors. Moreover, several spatially feasible and targeted ecological measures are proposed to enhance the synergy among ecosystem services. By focusing on the changes in ecosystem services, this study reveals the intrinsic mechanisms of trade‐offs and synergies between ecosystem services, offering insights for related studies in other regions.
Role of root exudates on the transformation and ecological effect of engineering nanomaterials in soil system: A critical review
Authors: Wei Xiaohe , Miao Xinyu , Zhou Qixing , Ouyang Shaohu
Published: June 2024

Due to the widespread use of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) for soil remediation and nano‐enabled sustainable agriculture, there is a growing concern regarding the behavior and fate of ENMs released into soil systems in the presence of natural root exudates (REs). Herein, we investigate the influence of REs on the fate and ecological effect of ENMs from a comprehensive perspective. We summarize the key roles reported in the literature for REs in physical changes (e.g., adsorption, dispersion/aggregation), chemical changes (e.g., oxidation/redox reactions, and dissolution), and biotransformation of ENMs, which will further determine the ecological risk of ENMs in natural soil systems. Moreover, this review highlights the potential adverse effects of ENMs on different soil organisms (e.g., bacteria, plants, and eisenia foetida) in the presence of REs. The remaining unclear mechanisms (e.g., oxidative stress and DNA damage) of ENMs toxicity at the cellular level influenced by REs are reviewed and presented. Finally, the review concludes by addressing the current knowledge gaps and challenges in this field.
pCO2 variation in ice‐covered regions of the Arctic Ocean from the summer 2022 observation
Authors: Mo Ahra , Park Keyhong , Kim Tae‐Wook , Hahm Doshik , Choi Jung‐Ok , Geum Sohyeon , Jung Jinyoung , Yang Eun Jin
Published: June 2024

To enhance our understanding of the carbon cycle in the Arctic Ocean, comprehensive observational data are crucial, including measurements from the underlying ice water. This study proposed a practical method for calibrating pCO2 sensor using measured dissolved inorganic carbon and total alkalinity. Our findings suggested the minimum number of bottle samples needed for calibration to ensure 1% accuracy. Additionally, we identified the significant role of a decrease in dissolved inorganic carbon due to photosynthesis and the increase in buffer capacity of the seawater from the release of excess alkalinity by sea ice in regulating pCO2. The mean air–sea CO2 fluxes were −48.9 ± 44.6, −7.3 ± 14.6, and −1.4 ± 2.8 mmol m−2 d−1 in the southern Chukchi Sea, northern Chukchi Sea, and northern East Siberian Sea, respectively. We found a robust negative correlation between the flux and sea ice concentration in the Arctic Sea ice regions.
Prevalence of Myofascial Trigger Points in Isolated Idiopathic Cervical Dystonia: A Possible Contributor to Pain, Movement and Disability
Authors: de‐la‐Hoz‐López Diego , Gómez‐Mayordomo Víctor , Cuadrado María L. , García‐Ramos Rocío , Alonso‐Frech Fernando , de‐la‐Hoz José L. , Fernández‐de‐las‐Peñas César , López‐Valdés Eva
Published: June 2024

Background

Myofascial trigger points (TrPs) are hypersensitive points located in a tight band of muscle that, when palpated, produce not only local pain but also referred (distant) pain. The role of TrPs in patients with cervical dystonia (CD) has not been investigated.

Objective

To identify the presence of TrPs in patients with isolated idiopathic CD and their association with pain.

Methods

Thirty‐one patients (74.2% women; age: 61.2 years, SD: 10.1 years) participated. TrPs were explored in the sternocleidomastoid, upper trapezius, splenius capitis, levator scapulae, anterior scalene, suboccipital, and infraspinatus muscles. Clinical features of CD were documented as well as the presence of pain. The severity of dystonia and its consequences were assessed using the Toronto Western Spasmodic Torticollis Rating Scale (TWSTRS).

Results

The mean number of TrPs for each patient was 12 (SD:3), with no differences between patients with pain (n = 20) and those without pain (n = 11). Active TrPs were only found in patients with pain (mean: 7.5, SD:4). Latent TrPs were found in both groups but were more prevalent (P < 0.001) in patients without pain (mean: 11, SD:3.5) than in those with pain (mean: 5, SD:3.5). The number of active TrPs or latent TrPs was positively associated with the TWSTRS disability subscale and the TWSTRS total score. The number of active, but not latent, TrPs was associated with worse scores on the TWSTRS pain subscale.

Conclusion

Active TrPs were present in patients with CD reporting pain, while latent TrPs were present in all CD patients, irrespective of their pain status. The numbers of active/latent TrPs were associated with disability. TrPs could act as pain generators in CD and also contribute to the involuntary muscle contractions characteristic of dystonia.
Strategic interactions and market dynamics in the intelligent connected vehicle industry: An analysis of technology sharing, value co‐creation, and market competition
Authors: Ma Mingpu , Sun Wenjie , Zhao Jianing , Li Xiufeng
Published: June 2024

This paper utilizes a game theory model to investigate the interplay of cooperation and competition between smart vehicle companies (the incumbents) and traditional vehicle companies (the entrants) in the intelligent connected vehicle industry. The results show that technology sharing emerges as a critical factor in improving business performance and driving market expansion. Additionally, the collaborative endeavors of competitive firms, coupled with consumer involvement, play a crucial role during the value co‐creation phase of new products, significantly impacting company efficiency and consumer satisfaction. Drawing on case studies such as Tesla further corroborates our management insights.