bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Olanzapine versus typical neuroleptics for schizophrenia: evaluation of social and economic costs
Authors: Mariani Giorgio , Guidi Luca , Barioglio Angelomarco
Published: June 2016

An important number of publications is reporting results from health outcomes studies comparing atypical antipsychotics (AA) with typical neuroleptics (TN) over 1 year of observation. Our study has prolonged the period observation of the economical and social outcomes to 4 years: 31 patients with schizophrenia were observed retrospectively during two years of TN treatment and then followed during 2 more years of olanzapine treatment after naturalistic switch. The results show a general reduction of health care interventions (territory and hospital) during the olanzapine treatment period. Global costs during olanzapine treatment were lower than during TN treatment (10506 euros with TN vs 6193 euros with olanzapine over 2 years). The social outcome, measured through the registration of the number of working days in the two periods of the study (retrospective with TN and prospective with olanzapine), was better during olanzapine treatment, probably due to increased patient compliance to the rehabilitative activities offered by the Department of Mental Health. In our experience, olanzapine appeared to dominate TN treatment, as its higher acquisition costs were offset by the reduction of territorial and nosocomial health care interventions over two years of observation, and associated with higher involvement in rehabilitative and social activities.
The clinical and economic value of lovastatin in the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease
Authors: Pradelli Lorenzo , Zaniolo Orietta
Published: June 2016

HMGCoA-inhibitors (statins) lower plasma cholesterol through interference with the rate-limiting enzyme in the endogenous synthesis process. Since their introduction in the early 90’s, the clinical attitude towards cardiovascular (cv) risk reduction has evolved from the attention to single risk factors to a more comprehensive global risk evaluation, and thus the indications of statins have broadened from the secondary prevention in hypercholesterolemic patients to include primary prevention in mildly and moderately hypercholesterolemic, or even normocholesterolemic patients, provided their global cv risk is considered high (typically, an estimated major cv event probability greater than 20%). Italian drug utilization data show that a small proportion of patients who could benefit from statins do actually receive them, contributing to the persistence of the clinical and economical burden of cv disease, the leading cause of mortality; since statins have proved effective, and cost-effective, in cv prevention, a more widespread use appears desirable, but requires high investments in pharmaceutical costs. This article defines a clinical profile of lovastatin, a statin with a solid efficacy and safety record only recently introduced into the Italian market despite it has been the first to become clinically available abroad. Among available statin formulations appropriate for target cholesterol reductions up to 30%, which apply to a significant proportion of statin therapy candidates, lovastatin 20 mg is marketed at the lowest price. Although the individual response to the different statins is highly unpredictable, determining a mandatory empirical molecule- and dose-finding strategy on the single patient, from the societal point of view the choice to start with lower cost molecules, among options that on average are equally-effective, may limit initial drug investment and dampen the impact of resource waste secondary to treatment interruptions and switches.
Clinical and pharmacoeconomic profile of esomeprazole in acid-related diseases
Authors: Zaniolo Orietta
Published: June 2016

Protonic pump inhibitors (PPIs) are the most prescribed drugs for acute and maintenance therapy of gastroesophageal reflux disease, H. pylori-eradication (in association with antibacterial therapy), for ulcers prevention and cure and, recently, for prevention of NSAIDs-induced gastropathy. The high prevalence of these acid-related disorders induces a large consumption of PPIs; actually, they are the first drug class in terms of National Health Service pharmaceutical expenditure. This widespread and gradually increasing use enforces the need of a rational assessment of their impact on health care resources. This paper provides an updated profile of esomeprazole, the first PPI developed as a pure isomer, which property involves an advantageous metabolism, resulting in enhanced delivery to the proton pump compared with racemic omeprazole. Several studies showed that the success rate for healing reflux esophagitis is greater for esomeprazole than for omeprazole and some other PPIs. According to an Italian pharmacoeconomic model, esomeprazole therapy for erosive esophagitis is associated with higher benefits and lower costs as compared to omeprazole and pantoprazole. For long-term management of non-erosive gastroesophageal reflux disease, on-demand approach with esomeprazole shows clinical outcomes similar to daily treatment regimens, with substantial cost-saving. Furthermore, esomeprazole is the only PPI approved for 1-week triple therapy for both the eradication and the healing of H. pylori-associated duodenal ulcer, while the other PPIs registered the indication for H. pylori-eradication and, separately, a dosing scheme for ulcer healing (independently from etiology).
Pharmacoutilization of anti-inflammatory and gastroprotective drugs in patients with osteoarthritis: comparison between COXIBs and conventional NSAIDs by using administrative records
Authors: Degli Esposti Luca , Di Martino Mirko , Didoni Guido , Veronesi Chiara , Saragoni Stefania , Buda Stefano
Published: June 2016

The aim of the study was to analyze anti-inflammatory and gastroprotective drug utilization in patients with osteoarthritis comparing conventional non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) versus cyclo-oxygenase 2 (COX 2) inhibitors. A retrospective observational cohort study was conducted and health-assisted subjects from the Local Health Units of Turin and Caserta were enrolled. Data linkage techniques were used to cross demographical, pharmaceutical and nosological databases. All subjects aged ≥18 years who were hospitalized for osteoarthritis from July 1st 2002 to June 30th 2004 were enrolled in the study. Concurrent prescriptions of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory and gastroprotective drugs were considered. Other demographic and clinical characteristics were recorded. A total of 1,002 subjects with a diagnosis of osteoarthritis treated with NSAIDs were enrolled. Of these subjects, 438 patients were treated with non selective NSAIDs (80.8%), 104 with COXIBs (19.2%) and 460 with multiple therapy. There were no significant differences between the demographic and clinical characteristics of the three groups. Gastroprotective drugs were prescribed in 37.0% and 35.6% of subjects treated with NSAIDs and COXIBs, respectively. Gastroprotective drug prescriptions increased from the index date to the follow-up period (from 20.4% to 41.1% of subjects treated with NSAIDs). In high-risk subjects with gastrointestinal events, gastroprotective drug utilization was undersized and increased from the index date to the follow up period (from 19.4% to 40.8% of high-risk subjects). Evidence from this study indicated that non selective NSAIDs and COXIBs are used indiscriminately with respect to patient characteristics and gastroprotection.
Valutazione economica dello studio AVERT
Authors: De Portu Simona , Cammarota Simona , Menditto Enrica , Mantovani Lorenzo G.
Published: June 2016

Introduction: the AVERT study (“Aggressive lipid-lowering therapy compared with angioplasty in stable coronary artery disease”) compared aggressive cholesterol-lowering (with the statin atorvastatin) to angioplasty in patients with mild to moderate coronary artery disease. Aim: our aim was to investigate the economic consequence of high dose of atorvastatin vs percutaneous coronary revascularization followed by standard therapy in Italian patients with stable coronary artery disease Methods: clinical information were taken from the AVERT study. We conducted a cost-effectiveness analysis, comparing high dose of atorvastatin (80 mg/die) versus angioplasty in the perspective of the Italian National Health Service. We identified and quantified medical costs: drug costs according to the Italian National Therapeutic Formulary and hospitalizations were quantified based on the Italian National Health Service tariffs (2006). Effects were measured in terms of mortality and morbidity reduction (number of deaths, life years gained and frequency of hospitalizations). We considered an observation period of 18 months. The costs borne after the first 12 months were discounted using an annual rate of 3%. We conducted one and multi-way sensitivity analyses on unit cost and effectiveness. We also conducted a threshold analysis.
Results: the cost of atorvastatin therapy or angioplasty over the 18 months period amounted to approximately 779 euro and 5.5 millions euro per 1,000 patients respectively. Atorvastatin was more efficacious compared to angioplasty and the overall cost of care per 1,000 patients over 18 months of follow-up was estimated at 1.8 millions euro in the atorvastatin group and 7.2 millions euro in the angioplasty group, resulting into a cost saving of 5.4 millions euro that is 74,9% of total costs occurred in the angioplasty group. Discussion: this study demonstrates that high does atorvastatin treatment leads to a reduction of direct costs for the National Health System if compared to angioplastic treatment. Atorvastatin therapy is dominant since it is both less costly and more effective than angioplasty. Results of sensitivity analysis showed that atorvastatin therapy remains dominant even in the most unfavourable hypotheses.
Parnaparin: review of the literature
Authors: Pradelli Lorenzo
Published: June 2016

Sodium parnaparin is a low molecular weight heparin (LMWH). The introduction of this drug class has represented a medical advancement in the prevention and therapy of thromboembolic pathologies, as they maintain the same efficacy of unfractionated heparin, but with simplified dosing regimens and reduced side effects. Parnaparin has demonstrated its thromboprophylactic efficacy on both high- and moderate risk surgical patients, besides resulting effective in treating established deep vein thromboses and thrombosis-associated phlebopathies. Besides and independently from its antithrombotic activity, parnaparin possesses modulating effects on cells involved in inflammatory processes, which may explain its reported utility in phlebopathies other than DVT; among LMWHs available in Italy, parnaparin is the only approved for these indications. Alongside these clinical advantages, parnaparin and other LMWHs allow outpatient or home-based therapy of a large number of subjects that should otherwise be treated in hospital, with important savings of health resources and enhanced quality of life for the patients. In Italy, parnaparin drug acquisition cost is among the lowest in its class, permitting marginal savings in health costs at the same efficacy level. In summary, the use of parnaparin in thrombotic pathologies has very good efficacy and safety profiles, and has positive clinical and economical outcomes for patients, health system and society as a whole.
Evaluation of antimicrobial consumption in Campania Region, Italy
Authors: Cammarota Simona , Citarella Anna , Menditto Enrica , De Portu Simona
Published: June 2016

Introduction: the antibiotic usage in Italy is above the European average. From several years the Campania was the first Italian region in terms of antimicrobial consumption. Aim: to evaluate antibiotic utilisation in primary health care in Campania, a region of approximately 5.7 million inhabitants in the south of Italy. Method: we collected, from an electronic database, all prescription drugs reimbursed in 2005. The cohort was defined as the population of subjects receiving at least one prescription of any antimicrobial agent for systemic use, classified according to their therapeutic role using Anatomic Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) classification. Drugs cost and consumption were quantified using National Health Service (NHS) prospective and Defined Daily Dose system (DDD) respectively. All costs were expressed in Euro 2005. Results: antiinfectives agents (ATC J) was the second class of drugs in terms of cost, representing 16.1% of the regional drug expenditure. Their consumption were 33 DDD/1000 inhabitants/day. Stratifying by age antibiotic use was highest in children and elderly subjects. Penicillins, macrolides and cephalosporins were the most prescribed antibiotic classes in all age groups. Discussion: despite guidelines introduced to limit the prescription of parenteral antibiotics to the patients who are most likely to benefit from it, they were mostly prescribed. This represented a serious problem for the development of drug-resistant bacteria.
Valle d’Aosta
Authors: Cavallo Maria Caterina , Cipriani Filippo , Gerzeli Simone , Demarteau Nadia , Marocco Alessia , Bamfi Francesco
Published: June 2016

In Aosta Valley region 77,9% of women (aged 25-64) are screened regularly, meaning every 3 years.
Considering regional tariffs and vaccine acquisition cost, the vaccination of 12-year-old girls with a 90% coverage could prevent 2 cases of cervicocarcinoma and 1 related death and thus results to be cost-effective (33.211 €/QALY). When the vaccination programme is extended to 16-year-old girls a further 1 cancer case could be prevented, with a very similar cost-effectiveness ratio. In Aosta Valley region, the net cost for woman vaccinated is 209 € for the single cohort and 211 € for the multiple cohort.
Emilia Romagna
Authors: Cavallo Maria Caterina , Cipriani Filippo , Gerzeli Simone , Demarteau Nadia , Marocco Alessia , Bamfi Francesco
Published: June 2016

In Emilia Romagna region 77,6% of women (aged 25-64) are screened regularly, meaning every 3 years. Considering regional tariffs and vaccine acquisition cost, the vaccination of 12-year-old girls with a 90% coverage could prevent 51 cases of cervicocarcinoma and 22 related deaths and thus results to be cost-effective (29.903€/QALY). When the vaccination programme is extended to 16-year-old girls a further 47 cancer cases and 20 deaths could be prevented, with a very similar cost-effectiveness ratio. In Emilia Romagna region, the net cost for woman vaccinated is 177€ for the single cohort and 180€ for the multiple cohort.
Marche
Authors: Cavallo Maria Caterina , Cipriani Filippo , Gerzeli Simone , Demarteau Nadia , Marocco Alessia , Bamfi Francesco
Published: June 2016

In Marche region 65,7% of women (aged 25-64) are screened regularly, meaning every 3 years. Considering regional tariffs and vaccine acquisition cost, the vaccination of 12-year-old girls with a 90% coverage could prevent 26 cases of cervicocarcinoma and 11 related deaths and thus results to be cost-effective (21.677 €/QALY). When the vaccination programme is extended to 16-year-old girls a further 25 cancer cases and 11 deaths could be prevented, with a very similar cost-effectiveness ratio. In Marche region, the net cost for woman vaccinated is 155 € for the single cohort and 158 € for the multiple cohort.
Abruzzo
Authors: Cavallo Maria Caterina , Cipriani Filippo , Gerzeli Simone , Demarteau Nadia , Marocco Alessia , Bamfi Francesco
Published: June 2016

In Abruzzo region 55,4% of women (aged 25-64) are screened regularly, meaning every 3 years. Considering regional tariffs and vaccine acquisition cost, the vaccination of 12-year-old girls with a 90% coverage could prevent 29 cases of cervicocarcinoma and 12 related deaths and thus results to be cost-effective (20.836 €/QALY). When the vaccination programme is extended to 16-year-old girls a further 28 cancer cases and 12 deaths could be prevented, with a very similar cost-effectiveness ratio. In Abruzzo region, the net cost for woman vaccinated is 199 € for the single cohort and 202 € for the multiple cohort.
Campania
Authors: Cavallo Maria Caterina , Cipriani Filippo , Gerzeli Simone , Demarteau Nadia , Marocco Alessia , Bamfi Francesco
Published: June 2016

In Campania region 41,8% of women (aged 25-64) are screened regularly, meaning every 3 years. Considering regional tariffs and vaccine acquisition cost, the vaccination of 12-year-old girls with a 90% coverage could prevent 208 cases of cervicocarcinoma and 84 related deaths and thus results to be cost-effective (16.130 €/QALY). When the vaccination programme is extended to 16-year-old girls a further 217 cancer cases and 89 deaths could be prevented, with a very similar cost-effectiveness ratio. In Campania region, the net cost for woman vaccinated is 182 € for the single cohort and 186 € for the multiple cohort.
Sardegna
Authors: Cavallo Maria Caterina , Cipriani Filippo , Gerzeli Simone , Demarteau Nadia , Marocco Alessia , Bamfi Francesco
Published: June 2016

In Sardinia region 45,5% of women (aged 25-64) are screened regularly, meaning every 3 years.
Considering regional tariffs and vaccine acquisition cost, the vaccination of 12-year-old girls with a 90% coverage could prevent 38 cases of cervicocarcinoma and 15 related deaths and thus results to be cost-effective (15.347 €/QALY). When the vaccination programme is extended to 16-year-old girls a further 41 cancer cases and 18 deaths could be prevented, with a very similar cost-effectiveness ratio. In Sardinia region, the net cost for woman vaccinated is 148 € for the single cohort and 152 € for the multiple cohort.
Natalizumab (Tysabri) in multiple sclerosis patients
Authors: Sacchi Viola
Published: June 2016

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease where dysregulated immune system elements (i.e. leucocytes) react against different components of the central nervous system (CNS), in particular myelin structures, causing several physical and mental symptoms,often progressing to total disability. While some treatments for MS provide only symptom relief, the most commonly drugs administered for altering the course of the disease are DMTs (disease-modifying therapies); nevertheless for more than ten years the only DMTs available were interferon β, glatiramer acetate (two immunomodulating drugs) and mitoxantrone (an immunosuppressant).
Rotigotine patches (Neupro) in early Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Sacchi Viola
Published: June 2016

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder secondary to the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra (a portion of the midbrain responsible for movement initiation and coordination) and appearance of bradykinesia, resting tremor, rigidity and postural reflex impairment. The most common symptomatic therapy is levodopa, a dopamine precursor; however, long-term treatment leads to involuntary movements and response fluctuations which add to the complexities of later disease-management. Monotherapy with dopamine agonists may represent an alternative approach with a reduced likelihood of motor complications; these drugs, initially introduced as adjunctive therapy to levodopa, are less effective in controlling motor disability and tend to cause more sideeffects than levodopa itself.
Entecavir (Baraclude) in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HPV) infection
Authors: Sacchi Viola
Published: June 2016

Hepatitis B is the most common serious liver infection in the world, with about 350 million people who are infected with the hepatitis B virus (HBV) and about 1 million deaths annually.Hepatitis B is characterized by an acute and a chronic phase, if the subject fails to produce adequate immune response. About 5-10% of adults infected with HBV go on to develop chronic infection and become chronic carriers (CHB); moreover, the liver damage, if not stopped, continues until cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma. In the natural history of HBV infection, the most important event is HBeAg seroconversion, characterized by loss of HBeAg (a specific antigen of the virus) and development of Anti-HBe antibodies (HBeAg-positive patients). If the seroconversion has occurred early (when liver damage is not yet significant) and is maintained,long-term prognosis is excellent. The disease can follow a more aggressive course if active viral replication persists despite anti-HBe positivity. This state, characterized by continuing viral replication, has been termed as HBeAg-negative CHB, and is the most prevalent form in Italy. At the moment, there are 4 approved antiviral drug classes, with different antiviral efficacy, for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B: interferons, nucleoside analogues, nucleotide analogues, and cyclopents. The primary target of the treatment is a prolonged suppression of viral replication, in order to avoid long term complications and increase survival.
Telbivudine (Sebivo) in patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV) chronic infection
Authors: Sacchi Viola
Published: June 2016

Hepatitis B is the most common serious liver infection in the world, with about 350 million people who are infected with the hepatitis B virus (HBV) and about 1 million deaths annually.Hepatitis B is characterized by an acute and a chronic phase, if the subject fails to produce adequate immune response.About 5-10% of adults infected with HBV go on to develop chronic infection and become chronic carriers (CHB); moreover, the liver damage, if not stopped, continues until cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma. In the natural history of HBV infection, the most important event is HBeAg seroconversion, characterized by loss of HBeAg (a specific antigen of the virus) and development of anti-HBe antibodies (HBeAg-positive patients). If the seroconversion has occurred early (when liver damage is not already significant) and is maintained, long-term prognosis is excellent. The disease can follow a more aggressive course if active viral replication persists despite anti-HBe positivity. This state, characterized by continuing viral replication, has been termed as HBeAg-negative CHB, and is the most prevalent form in Italy. At the moment, there are 4 approved antiviral drug classes, with different antiviral efficacy, for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B: interferons, nucleoside analogues, nucleotide analogues, and cyclopents.The primary target of the treatment is a prolonged suppression of viral replication, in order to avoid long term complications and increase survival.
Maraviroc (Celsentri) in HIV treatment
Authors: Sacchi Viola
Published: June 2016

Since 1996, the prognosis of people living with immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) has improved significantly, due to highly active antiretroviral therapies (HAART) based on a combination of 3-4 anti-HIV drugs; the use ofthese drugs can achieve a durable suppression of HIV viraemia, turning HIV infection into a chronic illness. The three first licensed classes of antiretroviral agents are nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) and protease inhibitors (PIs). Until recently, treatment options for individuals developing resistanceto these drugs have been limited, but new drugs in existing classes (second generation NNRTIs and novel PIs) and novel classes of drugs (integrase inhibitors, CCR5 antagonists and fusion inhibitors) have become clinically available.
Le théâtre immersif est-il interactif ? L’engagement du spectateur entre immersion et interactivité
Authors: Bouko Catherine
Published: June 2016

Le concept d’immersion théâtrale rencontre aujourd’hui un succès grandissant, tant auprès des artistes que des chercheurs. Combiner les notions d’immersion et d’interactivité semble aller de soi lorsque l’on évoque le théâtre immersif, pour certains artistes, théoriciens ou journalistes, pour qui le spectateur est invité à habiter l’espace du spectacle. Est-il pourtant si naturel de combiner ces deux notions ? Comment combiner le développement d’une histoire, fut-elle non linéaire, et une organisation interactive ? Dans cet article, Catherine Bouko propose de traiter les rapports entre théâtre immersif et interactivité en trois points. Dans un premier temps, elle définit la notion d’interactivité, afin d’insister sur ce qu’elle est… et sur ce qu’elle n’est pas. Ensuite, elle présente rapidement une définition du théâtre immersif. Dans un troisième temps, elle aborde trois techniques dramaturgiques visant essentiellement une personnalisation des spectacles immersifs, sans pour autant toujours atteindre l’interactivité et une véritable intégration dans une image habitable.
Danse en tandem : étude du mouvement des spectateurs et des performeurs dans Sleep No More de Punchdrunk1
Authors: Ritter Julia M.
Published: June 2016

La compagnie britannique Punchdrunk a créé plusieurs productions théâtrales immersives depuis sa fondation en 2000. Sleep No More se distingue de celles-ci puisqu’on y présente le drame de Macbeth de Shakespeare par le truchement de la danse, mais aussi en raison du succès critique et commercial du spectacle. À l’aide des explications de Maxine Doyle, chorégraphe et directrice artistique associée de Sleep No More et des réflexions des performeurs et des spectateurs de la version new-yorkaise, la chercheuse en danse Julia M. Ritter émet l’hypothèse que la popularité de ce théâtre immersif est due en grande partie à la manière dont la danse est conçue et s’avère centrale comme méthode destinée à faciliter l’expérience du spectateur. Selon elle, Sleep No More fonctionne sur le modèle d’une danse en tandem entre les membres de la distribution et les spectateurs. La danse serait le médium structurant du contenu interprété par les danseurs professionnels et elle se déploierait par le biais d’improvisations susceptibles d’inciter les spectateurs à s’y mouvoir. L’auteure montre comment la danse exécutée dans Sleep No More permet au public de transformer en danse son expérience de spectateur tout en lui offrant des moments de découvertes personnelles et en l’amenant à développer une agentivité créative qui le conduit à osciller entre les rôles de participant, créateur, spectateur, curateur et performeur.
La politique du citoyen (sur un passage orphelin du Contrat social)
Authors: Bernardi Bruno
Published: June 2016

L’analyse d’un passage peu commenté du Contrat social (III, IX) montre que Rousseau aborde d’une façon singulière la problématique aussi classique qu’actuelle des rapports entre liberté et sécurité. La position de sujet (membre de l’État) et celle de citoyen (membre du peuple souverain) découlent toutes deux de la nature du corps politique. Elles sont porteuses de deux types d’exigences : la protection des personnes et des biens dans un cas, celle de la liberté civile et politique dans l’autre. Rousseau n’oppose pas ces exigences entre elles mais distingue les deux ordres de priorité qu’elles rendent possibles. La politique du citoyen consiste à faire de la liberté la condition de la sécurité.
Les propriétés du vide et de l’espace-temps
Authors: Le Bihan Baptiste
Published: June 2016

Les propriétés matérielles sont généralement appréhendées comme les propriétés d’une substance matérielle : cette chemise possède la propriété d’être bleue, cette chaussure la propriété d’être en bon état. Pourtant, on peut trouver plusieurs raisons de douter que les propriétés soient nécessairement les propriétés d’une substance matérielle, à la fois en métaphysique avec la théorie du faisceau, et en physique contemporaine à travers les notions d’énergie du vide et de champ. Or, si les propriétés ne sont pas les propriétés de substances matérielles, on peut s’interroger sur la théorie de l’instanciation qu’implique une telle thèse. Dans cet essai, je m’emploierai à examiner la cohérence et la plausibilité de la thèse selon laquelle certaines, voir toutes les propriétés matérielles ne sont pas instanciées par une substance et la théorie de l’instanciation qui en découle.
Dasein, monde et mouvement chez Heidegger
Authors: Jesuha Thomas
Published: June 2016

Dans cet article nous cherchons à montrer comment, dans sa pensée des années 1925-30, Heidegger déploie une philosophie transcendantale de l’existence qui absolutise des catégories contingentes. En ce sens, il s’agit de comprendre en quoi le Dasein est constitué par une réceptivité ontologique, c’est-à-dire une assignation au sens dans toutes les modalités de sa structure. Ainsi, la reprise du projet kantien puis husserlien d’une analyse a priori de l’homme et de sa structure phénoménologique conduit Heidegger à une pensée qui fige l’homme dans un réseau de modalités existentiales définitives, fermées à toute transformation qui proviendrait soit d’une évolution naturelle, soit d’une praxis. Cette immobilité de la forme de l’existence du Dasein est alors décelable aussi bien dans sa structure auto-renvoyante et réticulaire, que dans la façon dont sa finitude soumet toute puissance ontologique à une impuissance première.
Reconnaissance et justice éducative
Authors: Michiels Thomas
Published: June 2016

Si les théories de la reconnaissance ont permis de renouveler plusieurs domaines de l’éthique, peu d’auteurs se sont intéressés jusqu’à présent à leur apport aux débats éducatifs. Or, que peut précisément le concept de reconnaissance pour l’éthique de l’éducation ? C’est la question posée par cet article. Examinant de prime abord plusieurs propositions faites par la littérature, cette étude leur oppose ensuite une vision plus exigeante de la reconnaissance, soit, le fondement légitime d’une théorie relationnelle de la justice éducative.
Hydrogeological site characterization of marly-silici-calcareous rocks through surveys of discontinuities and pumping tests
Authors: Lotti Francesca , Baiocchi Antonella , D’Onofrio Salvatore , Piscopo Vincenzo
Published: June 2016

One of the challenges in the characterization of fractured aquifers is to define whether the approximation to a porous medium is valid or not. In this context, the present study concerns the hydrogeological characterization of a small area constituted by densely fractured marly-silici-calcareous rocks. The hydrogeological investigations included fracture network surveys and pumping tests. The survey of the outcrops showed a rock mass characterized by a high number of persistent discontinuities with a wide spatial distribution, high frequency and a wide range of values of the aperture in the different systems. These characteristics imply the possibility of considering the rock mass as an equivalent porous medium at the outcrop scale. Pumping tests highlighted a consistent reaction of the various monitoring points and a similar trend of the drawdown-time curve, resulting in considering the aquifer as continuous medium at the scale of the volume influenced by pumping. The drawdown maps seems to be related to a weak anisotropy of the aquifer in the horizontal plane with the major axis of the ellipse aligned along the direction NE-SW, consistent with the directions of the principal components of the hydraulic conductivity resulting from the hydraulic model of the rock mass. Although the aquifer can be considered an equivalent anisotropic porous medium at the scale of the study, the comparison between the results of pumping tests and of the rock mass survey indicates that this approach would be not sufficient to characterize groundwater movement.
Remediation of BTEX contaminated groundwater: best technology assessment between pump&treat and bioremediation by oxygen injection
Authors: Baldi Daniele , Iacobini Alessio , Di Nauta Stefano , Pagliarani Virgilio , Puerini Matteo
Published: June 2016

The presence of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene (BTEX) dissolved in the groundwater and migrated from a light non-aqueous phase liquid (LNAPL) source in an alluvial aquifer required a remedial action to be taken by the responsible party as established by the Italian regulation (Legislative Decree 152/06 and subsequent amendments). For such purpose, field investigations were conducted on site in order to define the site conceptual model and to identify the appropriate remediation technology to be applied. The remediation design was developed by means of a flow and reactive transport mathematical model, applied to saturated media, using the numerical codes MODFLOW and RT3D. Groundwater field observations showed evidence of occurring BTEX biodegradation processes by bacteria naturally present in the aquifer. Since such specific bacterial activity would be significantly enhanced by the injection of free oxygen in the aquifer, the performance of traditional pump and treat systems (P&T) was assessed and compared with cost/efficiency of reactive oxygen bio-barrier technology (OD). The results showed a clear advantage in terms of cost/efficiency with the application of the OD. This presents an overall cost of about 30% of the P&T installation and maintenance, and it reaches remedial target in a shorter timeframe. Moreover, the system is also applicable as a bioremediation technology in case of Environmental Emergency Measures (MISE). The site examined is part of an industrial plant located in Central Italy.
Non-thermal aquifers in San Giuliano Terme area of Monte Pisano
Authors: Sergiampietri L. , Andreani D.
Published: June 2016

This work, starting from a structural description of Monte Pisano, defines three main aquifers hydraulically disconnected from the San Giuliano Terme thermal system. The characterization of the three hydrogeological systems allows to calcolate the respective water budgets based on 1956-2002 rainfall and temperatures data. Moreover, in 2006 June-July, a survey and sampling of the main springs, fed by the defined aquifers, was undertaken. All this along with the chemical analysis allows to infer the paths and the travel time of the water through the aquifers. Finally, a comparison between these analysed waters and San Giuliano Terme thermal waters was performed: it led to trace the hydrochemical evolution of Monte Pisano waters on San Giuliano Terme side.
Tight-coupling of groundwater flow and transport modelling engines with spatial databases and GIS technology: a new approach integrating Feflow and ArcGIS
Authors: Crestaz Ezio , Pellegrini Michele , Schätzl Peter
Published: June 2016

Implementation of groundwater flow and transport numerical models is generally a challenge, time-consuming and financially-demanding task, in charge to specialized modelers and consulting firms. At a later stage, within clearly stated limits of applicability, these models are often expected to be made available to less knowledgeable personnel to support/design and running of predictive simulations within more familiar environments than specialized simulation systems. GIS systems coupled with spatial databases appear to be ideal candidates to address problem above, due to their much wider diffusion and expertise availability. Current paper discusses the issue from a tight-coupling architecture perspective, aimed at integration of spatial databases, GIS and numerical simulation engines, addressing both observed and computed data management, retrieval and spatio-temporal analysis issues. Observed data can be migrated to the central database repository and then used to set up transient simulation conditions in the background, at run time, while limiting additional complexity and integrity failure risks as data duplication during data transfer through proprietary file formats. Similarly, simulation scenarios can be set up in a familiar GIS system and stored to spatial database for later reference. As numerical engine is tightly coupled with the GIS, simulations can be run within the environment and results themselves saved to the database. Further tasks, as spatio-temporal analysis (i.e. for postcalibration auditing scopes), cartography production and geovisualization, can then be addressed using traditional GIS tools. Benefits of such an approach include more effective data management practices, integration and availability of modeling facilities in a familiar environment, streamlining spatial analysis processes and geovisualization requirements for the non-modelers community. Major drawbacks include limited 3D and time-dependent support in traditional GIS, and lack of dedicated calibration, analysis and visualization tools. A system implementation based upon ESRI geodatabase, ArcGIS and state-of-the-art finite element 3D flow and transport numerical code Feflow is presented and critically assessed.
Relazioni e interferenze tra acquiferi profondi e superficiali
Authors: La Vigna Francesco
Published: June 2016

-
La termogeologia, una nuova branca dell’idrogeologia?
Authors: Cultrera Matteo
Published: June 2016

-
Tra scienza e professione
Authors: Petitta Marco
Published: June 2016

-
Low enthalpy geothermal energy: borehole heat exchangers (BHE). Geological and geothermal supervision during active construction in support of the energy certification of buildings - ESBE certification plan
Authors: Cadrobbi Lorenzo , Daniele Fioroni , Bozzoli Alessandro
Published: June 2016

This article draws on the experience matured while working with low-enthalpy geothermic installations both in the design and executive phase as well as ongoing monitoring, within the scope of energy conservation as it relates to building and construction. The goal is to illustrate the feasibility of adopting the ESBE certification protocol (Certification of Energy Efficient Low-Enthalpy Probes) aimed at optimizing the harnessing of local geothermic resources to satisfy the energy requirements of a building, measured against the initial investment. It is often the case, in fact, that during the course of a construction project for a given low-enthalpy installation, we verify incompa tibilities with the local geologic and geothermic models, which, if inadequate during construction, can compromise the proper functioning of the installation and its subsequent operation. To this end, the ESBE method, which adheres to the governing environmental regulations, and which takes its cue from technical statutes within the sector, permits us to validate via verification, simulations and tests, the geothermic field probes used in construction in an objective and standardized manner, thereby joining and supporting the most recent protocols for energy certification of buildings (LEED 2010, CASACLIMA 2011, UE 20120/31 Directive). ESBE certification operates through a dedicated Certifying Entity represented by the REET unit (Renewable Energies and Environmental Technologies) of FBK (Bruno Kessler Foundation) of Trento. The results obtained by applying the ESBE method to two concrete cases, relative to two complex geothermic systems, demonstrate how this protocol is able to guarantee, beyond the correct execution in the field of geothermic probes, an effective coverage of the energy requirements of the building during construction adopting the best optimization measures for the probes in keeping with the local geological and geothermic model.
Imprese di perforazione e procedure amministrative per i pozzi
Authors: Vannucchi Marco
Published: June 2016

-
Transboundary aquifers, il ruolo dell’idrogeologia regionale
Authors: La Vigna Francesco
Published: June 2016

-
Heat transport modeling for the design of a low enthalpy open-loop system
Authors: Piccinini Leonardo , Vincenzi Valentina , Pontin Alessandro , Tonet Federico
Published: June 2016

A case study of hydrogeological characterization and heat transport modeling for the design of a low enthalpy system in the Province of Treviso (Italy) is here presented. It is an open loop system that pumps and re-injects groundwater from a confined aquifer of the high Veneto plain. This type of systems is the most efficient in terms of yield, but its construction is highly conditioned by the availability of groundwater resource and by the environmental laws related to groundwater exploitation. Groundwater flow modeling with MODFLOW 2005 led to a good aquifer parameters estimation, by means of the quantitative calibration of a pumping test made on the pumping well and an observation piezometer. Then, with the heat transport modeling with SEAWAT 4 the distance between pumping well and re-injecting well has been optimized, avoiding so the thermal feedback effect. The lack of sitespecific data for dispersivity parameters has been solved through a sensitivity analysis on the main dispersivity parameters of heat transport. Finally, in order to comply with the environmental laws, a long-term forecasting simulation (duration of 20 years) has been set up in order to evaluate the open loop system thermal impact on the aquifer. The obtained results put in evidence that the design of low enthalpy systems strongly needs a detailed hydrogeological characterization of the aquifer interested by the pumping and that numerical modeling is the most effective tool in support of the definition of the optimal distance between pumping and re-injecting wells in the open loop systems.
Geothermal characterization of the coastal aquifer near Ravenna (Italy)
Authors: Antonellini M. , Pandolfini M. , Greggio N. , Mollema P.N.
Published: June 2016

The coastal aquifer near Ravenna (Italy) contains a large volume of groundwater (2,5x109 m3) whose quality has been compromised by sea-water intrusion. Today, the phreatic groundwater is mostly brackish with some lenses of freshwater floating on top of more saline water. This water, although impossible to use as drink-water or for irrigation, is still important to guarantee the health of wetland habitats and especially of the roman historical and coastal pine forests of Ravenna. With the objective of defining the flow pattern within the aquifer and the exchange between surface and ground water, we characterized the temperature distribution in the shallow subsurface by means of a dense network of piezometers. At the same time we had the opportunity to characterize the phreatic aquifer from the geothermal point of view, so that it could eventually be considered for use as a “low enthalpy” heat source. Heat pumps are able to extract heat during the winter and dissipate it during the summer. The temperature of the groundwater in the top layer of the aquifer (surficial zone) is sensitive to the changes in atmospheric temperature throughout the year whereas the temperature of the deeper groundwater follows the geothermal gradient (geothermal zone). One of the scopes of the project is to discover at what depth is located the geothermal zone, so that the aquifer has a constant temperature throughout the year. A constant temperature is needed for storage of heat at low enthalpy. The thickness of the surficial zone and the temperature at the top of the geothermal zone are essentially related to land use, distance from the sea, sediment type, and amount of interaction between surface and groundwater. A knowledge of these factors allows to better exploit the geothermal potential of the aquifer when choosing the optimal placement of the heat pumps.
Principali riferimenti normativi sulle acque sotterranee in Piemonte
Authors: Governa Maria , Petricig Massimiliano
Published: June 2016

-
ANIPA – VITA ASSOCIATIVA
Authors: Guareschi Claudio
Published: June 2016

-
La potenzialità geotermica a bassa entalpia. Una grandezza difficile da quantificare?
Authors: La Vigna Francesco
Published: June 2016

-
Groundwater flow model management and case studies in Emilia-Romagna (Italy)
Authors: Chahoud Andrea , Gelati Luca , Palumbo Addolorata , Patrizi Giuseppe , Pellegrino Immacolata , Zaccanti Giacomo
Published: June 2016

The use of groundwater modeling to support the planning and management of water resources is a possible goal of a long and detailed course of study and research. The present work concerns some applications carried out within the aquifers of the Emilia-Romagna plain in northern Italy. The main features of the developed and available mathematical models are reported as well as the geological and hydrogeological description of the analyzed aquifers. The main operational choices that have characterized the implementation of all models and their continuous development and updating are discussed. Activity has been focused to maintain active the data stream between the models to improve their functionality along with time to give a basis for models management. Models have been used in different applications which indicate the potential for their use with targeted objectives of planning and management. Two examples at two different scales are given: the first shows the application to the entire aquifer of the Emilia-Romagna region, which has been able to adapt simulations to new groundwater bodies defined in accordance with 2000/60/EC directive, the current regulatory framework for the planning of water resources. This framework provides for the establishment of programs of measures whose level of effectiveness can be estimated with the support of models. The second concerns a more detailed scale model in reference to a specific evaluation of feasibility of an intervention of artificial recharge. The management approach used here is the result of over 10 years development and application and now allows to apply numerical models in a role of systematic service in support of the institutions involved in planning and management of groundwater resources.
Study on the water supply of the Montellina Spring by the Renanchio Stream (Quincinetto, Turin)
Authors: Lasagna Manuela , De Luca Domenico Antonio , Clemente Paolo , Dino Giovanna Antonella , Forno M. Gabriella , Gattiglio Marco , Gianotti Franco
Published: June 2016

Tracer tests were utilised in an area of northwester Italy, in order to evaluate the hydrogeological relationship between the drinking water Montellina Spring and the Renanchio Stream, likely feeding the spring. The project of a derivation from the stream for an hydroelectric plant could affect the water regime of the spring. So an analytical assessment of the connection existing between the stream and the spring was required. Moreover, a geological survey of the spring area was carried out, with the aim to reconstruct the geological and hydrogeological context. The large amount of groundwater in the basin is linked to a high permeability of the shallow rock mass. The concentration of supplies to the spring is due to morphological reasons and the occurrence of major fractures that carry also a part of the losses of the stream. The purposes of the study are the evaluation of: the losses (l/s) of stream feeding the spring, the percentage of water of the stream that reaches the spring and the percentage of the spring discharge supplied by the stream. The hydrogeological surveys consisted of sodium-chloride tracer tests for the measurement of the stream discharge and of the overflow of the spring, and tracer tests of the stream with fluorescent tracer. The surveys were conducted in three measurement campaigns for different flows of the stream. Findings indicate that, despite the large variation of stream discharge and stream losses, the discharge of spring remains fairly steady and scarcely supplied by the stream. The case study, besides increasing the knowledge about this area, unusual for the hydrogeological features, provides a methodological approach to the evaluation of the relationship between rivers and groundwater.
Il congresso internazionale di Niagara Falls
Authors: Ducci Daniela
Published: June 2016

-
L’Early Career Hydrogeologists’ Network (ECHN)
Authors: Re Viviana
Published: June 2016

-
Attività normativa: pubblicate le norme UNI per geotermia, in corso il progetto di norma per i pozzi
Authors: Chiarugi Stefano
Published: June 2016

-
SID&GRID: una piattaforma di modellistica idrologica/idrogeologica gratuita ed open source per la gestione della risorsa idrica sviluppata in ambiente GIS
Authors: Borsi Iacopo , Rossetto Rudy , Schifani Claudio
Published: June 2016

-