bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ANALYZING THE QUALITY OF GROUND WATER IN KADUNA SOUTH LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, KADUNA STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: Yohanna Paul , Apeh Ocheme Victor , Lawuyi Timothy
Published: July 2021

The study examines the groundwater quality of Kaduna south Local government area. The physio-chemical analysis of PH, sulphate, Phosphate, chloride, Iron, Electrical conductivity, Turbidity, Nitrates, Total suspended solid and Total hardness were carried out, the result obtained were  compared with  World Health Organization (WHO) recommended standards for drinking water. pH, sulphate, electrical conductivity, chloride, nitrate, total suspended solids, and total hardness in all location were within the acceptable standards of WHO. The collected data from the laboratory analysis were analyzed using simple tables, graphs and charts and the result reveals that turbidity and iron in all location were above the acceptable standards of WHO. Turbidity which is above the WHO with a significant  value at all the eight sampling points with 25.3,22.6,28.7,11.6,9.05,9.05,10.4,14.3 NTU respectively, Iron  concentration in all the sampling points is high with 35.0, 30.0,26.0 15.0,12.0,10.0, 15.0,11.0 mg/l respectively. Large amounts of Iron in drinking water can give it an unpleasant metallic taste. Iron is an essential element in human nutrition, and the health effects of iron in drinking water may include warding off, fatigue and anaemia (metaglobinaemia).Groundwater exploitation especially boreholes should be regulated by government in order to reduce the negative effect of water pollution to humans. This research reveals there is great need to analyze any ground water before drinking
A REVIEW ON 5G WIRELESS NETWORK IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGIES IN NIGERIA
Authors: Bakare Kareem A. , Bagiwa Lawal Idris , Nafisa M. M. , Abdulsalam Auwa
Published: July 2021

The 5G networks stand for fifth generation mobile technology and can outperform earlier versions of wireless communication technology. The new technology provides diverse abilities and encourages full networking among countries globally. Fifth Generation (5G) wireless communication network development was an initiative in furtherance to the current Fourth Generation (4G) wireless communication network technology. The 5G networks for future applications in all domains provide prospects for a fully connected society. The proliferation of all connectivity between the devices provides a broader range of new governance, business structures, health care delivery, Economic growth and insecurity reduction which subsequently paves a path towards different industry profiles, such as energy, Communication and manufacturing sectors. This paper discusses the Concept of 5G Network, 5G network implementation strategies and technology requirements, deployment challenges as well as suggestions on the way forward based on Nigerian context
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF FLOW THROUGH TRAPEZOIDAL WEIR CONTROLLED UNDER A SEMI-CIRCULAR GATE
Authors: Tanimu Bashir , Be Bilal Abdullahi , Muhammad Muhammad  Mujihad , Wada Surajo Abubakar
Published: July 2021

Different parameters of a weir model have a great effect on the discharge coefficient. In this experimental study the effect of varying angle of a trapezoidal weir coupled with a below semi-circular gate is determined. The result showed that the higher the value of  the higher the coefficient of discharge. The respective average discharge coefficient  of the block model and the trapezoidal weir models are; 0.48031,0.48880, 0.49565, 0.49647, 0.49892 and 0.49934. As such the trapezoidal weir with   has the highest value of average discharge coefficient =0.49934. Hence the most efficient. Linear and nonlinear regression analysis were used to generate mathematical equations that can be used to predict the flow rate Q for the combined weir-gate structure and the discharge coefficient  of the most efficient model with  respectively. The discharge coefficient for the most efficient weir model was found to be 3.81% more than that of the block model (with rectangular weir). The predicted coefficient of discharge   for the most efficient model was also found to be in good agreement with the observed discharge coefficient with a percentage error in the range of  0.4%
STREAMFLOW SIMULATION: COMPARISON BETWEEN SOIL WATER ASSESSMENT TOOL AND ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK MODELS
Authors: Haruna Shehu Usman , Abba Aliyu Kasim , Aminu Rabi'u
Published: July 2021

The present study compared the performance of two different models for streamflow simulation namely: Soil Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) and the Artificial Neural Network (ANN). During the calibration periods, the Nash-Sutcliff (NS) and Coefficient of Determination (R2) for SWAT was 0.74 and 0.81 respectively, whereas for ANN, it was 0.99 and 0.85 respectively. The ANN performs better during the validation period as the result revealed with NS and R2 having 0.98 and 0.89 respectively, while for the SWAT model it was 0.71 and 0.74 respectively. Based on the recommended comparison of graphical and statistical evaluation performances of both models, the ANN model performed better in estimating peak flow events than the SWAT model in the Upper Betwa Basin. Furthermore, the rigorous time required and expertise for calibration of the SWAT is much less as compared with the ANN. Moreover, the results obtained from both models demonstrate the performances of the
EFFECT OF SEASON ON PHYSIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF THREE BREEDS OF CATTLE RAISED IN SUDAN SAVANNA ZONE
Authors: Bature Ibrahim , Aliyu A. M. , Dau G.
Published: July 2021

This study was conducted to test the effect of season and breed on thermoregulatory parameters of three Nigerian indigenous breeds of cattle raised in Sudan Savanna Zone. A total number of nine (9) cattle aged between 4-5 years were used for this study. Data were taken for sixteen weeks across two seasons; Cold and Hot Season from three indigenous breed of cattle. Rectal temperature was recorded using digital thermometer, pulse rate was determined using stethoscope and respiratory rate was determined by counting of the respiratory movements of flank area. Data of ambient temperature and relative humidity were recorded on daily basis and temperature humidity index was calculated. All data obtained were subjected to analysis of variance using SAS software. Seasons significantly (P < 0.05) affect all the thermoregulatory parameters of with hot seasons having the highest values. Breed influenced (p<0.05) all the parameters measured. Red Bororo had the highest rectal temperature, while Sokoto has the least rectal temperature. Higher respiratory rate was recorded in SokotoGudali. Respiratory Rate of White Fulani are statistically similar with both Red Bororo and SokotoGudali, but Respiratory Rate of Red Bororo cattle has significantly difference (P<0.05) with SokotoGudali breeds of cattle. Pulse rate differs significantly (P<0.05), SokotoGudali recorded the highest rate and the least rate was observed in White Fulani cattle. It was concluded that Season affect all the thermoregulatory parameters and all the tested parameters were higher during hot season and SokotoGudali react more to thermal stress than Red Bororo and White Fulani
UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN EKSTRAK DAUN LIDAH MERTUA (Sansevieria masoniana Chahin) DENGAN METODE DPPH(1,1-Difenil-2-Pikrilhidrazil)
Authors: Siregar Anita Rasuna Sari Siregar
Published: July 2021

Sansevieria adalah salah satu tanaman hias yang memiliki aktivitas antioksidan. Salah satu spesies dari genus sansevieria adalah Sansevieria masoniana Chahin yang diduga memiliki aktivitas antioksidan . Aktivitas antioksidan speies sansevieria ini masih belum diketahui sehingga perlu dilakukan penelitian. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak daun lidah mertua (Sansevieria masoniana Chahin). Ekstrak daun lidah mertua (Sansevieria masoniana Chahin) diperoleh melalui metode maserasi menggunakan pelarut etanol 96% . Ekstrak yang telah diuapkan pelarutya hingga menjadi ekstrak kental kemudian dilakukan skrining fitokimia, hasil skrining ekstrak menunjukkan positif mengandung flavonoid dan saponin. Kemampuan ekstrak sebagai antioksidan ditentukan melalui peredaman radikal DPPH  (1,1- difenil-2-pikrihidrazil)  terhadap variasi konsentrasi ekstrak 12,5 ppm, 25 ppm, 50 ppm, 100 ppm, dan 200 ppm. Hasil akhir dari uji DPPH tersebut ialah radikal berubah warna dari ungu menjadi kuning dan serapannya diukur dengan spektrofotometer UV-Vis pada panjang gelombang 517 nm. Hasil uji aktivitas antioksidan yang dilakukan menghasilkan nilai IC50 sebesar 97,902 ppm yang menunjukkan bahwa aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak Sansevieria masoniana Chahin memiliki aktivitas antioksidan yang kuat.
INVENTARISASI JENIS BUAH-BUAHAN LOKAL SEBAGAI SUMBER PANGAN BAGI MASYARAKAT LOKOP ACEH TIMUR
Authors: Wendi Noverian  , Elfrida  , Adi Bejo Suwardi  , Albian Mubarak
Published: July 2021

Kabupaten Aceh Timur memiliki sebuah desa yang berpotensi besar memiliki buah-buahan hutan yang belum tereksplorasi. Potensi sumber daya genetik tumbuhan buah-buahan di lokop terutama yang masih hidup liar di hutan belum dimanfaatkan secara optimal. Jenis tumbuhan buah-buahan hutan belum banyak di kenal dan belum terdokumentasi dengan baik. Hal ini karena secara ekonomis buah-buhan lokal masih dianggap kurang penting. Dengan Terbatasnya informasi terkait buah-buahan asli lokop khususnya yang masih tumbuh liar menyebabkan keberadaan sumber daya genetik buah-buahan tersebut menjadi terancam. Padahal buah-buhan hutan masih memiliki bentuk dan cita rasa yang sangat khas dan umumnya memiliki kandungan gizi yang baik. Eksplorasi dan konservasi sumber daya genetik merupakan salah satu pilihan yang dapat di lakukan untuk menyelamatkan keragaman jenis tumbuhan buah-buahan asli lokop. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jenis buah-buaha lokal di daerah lokop kecamatan Aceh timur. Berdasarkan hasil observasi bahwa telah di temukan 52 spesies buah yang terdapat di kawasan hutan lokop. Diantaranya berhabitat liar sebanyak 27 spesies, dan yang berhabitat budidaya sebanyak 25 spesies. Banyaknya spesies yang ditemukan di hutan liar karena hutan di daerah lokop masih terjaga, tumbuhan yang dibudidaya merupakan tumbuhan yang di ambil dari hutan dan di tanam di perkebunan warga karena tumbuhan tersebut dapat menghasilkan buah dan dapat di makan oleh masyarakat sekitar.
PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN LIMBAH AMPAS MINUMAN BERKAFEIN SEBAGAI MEDIA TUMBUH HIDROPONIK TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN TANAMAN SELADA (Lactuca sativa)
Authors: Handayani Sari
Published: July 2021

Selada (Lactuca sativa) merupakan salah satu komoditi hortikultura yang memiliki prospek dan nilai komersial yang cukup baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan ampas teh dan ampas kopi terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman selada (Lactuca sativa) dan perlakuan manakah yang paling optimum terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman selada (Lactuca sativa) dengan media hidroponik. Metode penelitian eksperimen, dengan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri dari 4 perlakuan yaitu media tanam hidroponik + air sebagai kontrol (P0), media tanam hidroponik + ampas teh (4gr) + air (P1), media tanam hidroponik + ampas kopi (4gr) + air (P2), media tanam hidroponik + ampas teh (2gr) + ampas kopi (2gr) + air (P3), dengan 6 kali ulangan. Parameter yang diamati berupa pertumbuhan tinggi tanaman (cm/minggu), jumlah daun (helaian/minggu), dan lebar daun (cm/minggu) tanaman selada (Lactuca sativa). Analisis data menggunakan Analysis Of Varians (ANOVA) 5% dan Uji Kruskal Wallis. Hasil analisis yang diperoleh tidak didapatkannya perbedaan yang nyata pada setiap perlakuan. Data pertumbuhan tinggi tanaman selada diperoleh nilai Asymp. Sig. sebesar 0,206 > 0,05, jumlah helaian daun tanaman selada diperoleh nilai Asymp. Sig. sebesar 0,637 > 0,05, dan lebar helaian daun tanaman selada diperoleh nilai F hitung < F tabel yaitu 0,45 < 3,1 pada taraf 5%. Perlakuan yang paling tinggi untuk tinggi daun (4,53 cm/bulan) dan lebar daun (1,77 cm/bulan) tanaman selada  yaitu ada perlakuan P1, sedangkan jumlah daun (3,24 helai/bulan) yang paling banyak adalah pada perlakuan P3.
KUALITAS DADIH SUSU SAPI DAN SUSU KAMBING DENGAN FERMENTER TABUNG BAMBU
Authors: Pinem Sariati , Damayanti Ervina
Published: July 2021

Dadih merupakan  yogurt tradisional khas Sumatera Barat. Dadih merupakan makanan fermentasi turun temurun masyarakat Sumatera barat.  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh lama fermentasi dadih serta rasa dadih yang dihasilkan dengan menggunakan varian susu sapi dan susu kambing. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Desa Lama Baru, Kecamatan Sei  Lepan, Kabupaten Langkat Sumatera Utara. Metode dalam penelitian ini adalah metode eksperimen dengan variabel lamanya waktu fermentasi yaitu 24 jam, 48 jam dan 72 jam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa produk dadih yang dihasilkan dengan lama fermentasi 24 jam pada susu sapi dan susu kambing yaitu dadih ini masih seperti susu, dadih pun masih cair, rasa yang masih hambar dengan warna putih dan teksturnya masih kasar karena masih ada seperti gumpalan – gumpalan, serta 4 dari 5 panelis yang mencoba dadih tersebut menyatakan tidak suka dan 1 diantaranya menjawab suka. Pada dadih yang dihasilkan dengan lama fermentasi 48 jam yaitu aroma dadih 5 orang panelis menjawab tengik dan 3 dari 5 orang panelis  menjawab dadih sudah kental dan 2 orang menjawab masih cair. Rasa dan warna pada dadih masih sama dengan data pada pengamatan pertama, tektur pada dadih sudah lembut dan ke 5 panelis menyatakan suka pada dadih dari pengamatan kedua ini. Sedangkan pada dadih yang dihasilkan dengan lama fermentasi 72 jam yaitu dadih masih beraroma susu, dadih pun sudah sangat kental dan rasanya sudah sangat asam dadihnya masih bewarna putih dan teksturnya sangat lembut dan 3 dari 5 panelis mejawab kurang suka dan 2 diantaranya menjawab suka terhadap dadih pada bambu ketiga. Proses pembuatan dadih dari susu kambing dan sapi menggunakan bambu betung yang dimana bambu tersebut mengandung bakteri Lactobacillus plantarum memiliki struktur baik dari rasa, aroma, warna, tekstur semakin lama difermentasi maka menghasilkan produk dadih yang standart pada umunya.
KEANEKARAGAMAN ORDO ANURA DIKEBUN KOPI DESA KARANG REJO KABUPATEN BENER MERIAH
Authors: Dilla Farhana Ana
Published: July 2021

Desa Karang Rejo memiliki ekosistem pegunungan teropis, yang terletak di kabupaten Bener Meriah. Beberapa kawasan Didesa Karang Rejo adalah perkebunan kopi milik masyarakat sekitar, terdapat beberapa jenis spesies katak di kebun kopi namun belum ada data mengenai keanekaragaman katak di kebun kopi tersebut, padahal katak sangat berperan dalam ekosistem tersebut. Salah satu komponen ekosistem yang memiliki peranan yang sangat penting bagi kelangsungan proses ekologi yaitu ordo anura karena hewan amfibi terutama pada tahap telur dan berudu sangat sensitif terhadap kerusakan lingkungan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui keanekaragaman jenis kata di kebun kopi desa Karang Rejo Kbupaten Bener meriah. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Desa Karang Rejo Kabupaten Bener Meriah, pada tanggal 10-15 juni 2021. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian deskriptif dengan metode perjumpaan visual (visual Encounter survey). Hasil peneliian menunjukan terdapat 4 spesies dari 3 jenis spesies diantaranya spesies kodok kalong (Bufo melanostictus) dari Family Bufonidae dengan ciri-ciri tubuh sedikit bulat , kodok sawah (Fejervary cancrivora) dari family Ranidae dengan ciri khusus memiliki punggung berarna coklat licin , katak pohon (Polypedates leucomystax) dari family Rhacophoridae memiliki khas berpostur tubuh ramping kemudian kongkang siberut Pulchranacentropeninsularis) dan  katak spesies terakhir Katak panggul (Limnonectes blythii) . Keanekaragaman Amfibi Ordo Anura yang terdapat di kebun kopi, Desa Karang Rejo Kabupaten Bener Meriah adalah rendah yaitu 0,4207
PEMANFAATAN BAHAN ALAMI SEBAGAI UPAYA PENGHAMBAT Candida albicans PADA RONGGA MULUT
Authors: Makhfirah Nurul , Fatimatuzzahra Cut , Mardina Vivi , Fanani Hakim Rachmi
Published: July 2021

Candida albicans merupakan salah satu flora normal yang keberadaannya paling banyak terdapat pada rongga mulut, kulit, membran mukosa, saluran pencernaan, saluran pernapasan dan vagina. Penyakit yang disebabkan oleh Candida albicans yaitu penyakit kandidiasis oral (moniliasis). Penggunaan bahan obat-obatan dalam jangka waktu yang lama dapat menimbulkan resistensi fungi terhadap obat dan beberapa obat memiliki efek negatif. Oleh karena itu berbagai penelitian telah dilakukan untuk mencari alternativ lain sumber obat yang mampu menghambat pertumbuhan Candida albicans. Umumnya penelitian melaporkan bahwa senyawa-senyawa yang terkandung pada tumbuhan memiliki sifat anti-fungi terhadap Candida albicans. Senyawa/ zat aktif tersebut adalah flavonoid, tanin, saponin, alkaloid, polifenol, triterpenoid dan beberapa komponen aktif seperti alpha-mangostin.
PENERAPAN MEDIA KOTAK DAN KARTU MISTERIUS (KOKAMI) UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA PADA MATERI MAKANAN DAN SISTEM PENCERNAAN KELAS XI SMA N 2 KEJURUAN MUDA TAHUN PELAJARAN 2018/2019
Authors: Mustika Tiara
Published: July 2021

Berdasarkan obsevasi awal di SMA 2 karang baru di bulan vovember 2017 diketahui bahwasanya penggunaan media pembelajaran mesih tergolong sedikit sehinnga belajar cenderung perpusat pada guru. Selain itu murid yang pintar menjadi mendominasi secara aktif, sedangkan murid yang kurang pintar umumnya  akan pasif dalam belajar. Salah satu media pembelajaran yang dapat diterapkan adalah media kokami. Tujuannya untuk mengetahui penerapan media kotak dan kartu misterius (kokami) dan meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa pada materi makanan dan sistem pencernaan kelas XI SMA 2 Kejuruan Muda tahun pelajaran 2018/2019. Metode penelitian berupa eksperimen, sedangkan sampel 1 yaitu kelompok eksperimen menggunakan media kokami untuk menghitung hasil belajar. Dari hasil penelitian yang telah didapatkan maka penulis mengambil kesimpulan sebagai berikut: Ada peningkatan Penerapan Media Kotak dan Kartu Misterius (KOKAMI) Untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Siswa, hal ini dapat dilihat dari nilai t hitung lebih besar dari pada t tabel yaitu sebesar 4,62 yang diketahui nilai  yang diperoleh adalah  sedangkan nilai tabel yang diperoleh adalah 2,012 sehingga karena  ≥ , yaitu  ≥ 2,012 pada taraf signifikan α = 0,05 maka  ditolak  diterima dan dapat disimpulkan bahwa Ada peningkatan Penerapan Media Kotak dan Kartu Misterius (KOKAMI) Untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Siswa Pada Materi Makanan dan Sistem Pencernaan Makanan Kelas XI SMA Negeri 2 Kejuruan Muda Tahun Pelajaran 2018/2019.
PERBANDINGAN FREKUENSI DENYUT JANTUNG BURUNG MERPATI (Columba livia) DENGAN HAMSTER (Tscherskia triton) BERDASARKAN RUANG JANTUNG
Authors: Nilawati Putri
Published: July 2021

Jantung bekerja melalui beberapa mekanisme secara berulang-ulang dan berlangsung secara terus-menerus. Dengan adanya mekanisme yang secara terus-menerus berulang-ulang maka dapat terlihat denyut jantung tersebut. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui frekuensi denyut jantung pada burung merpati dan hamster. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan April 2021 di laboratorium lanjutan Universitas Samudra.Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian komparatif. Dari hasil penelitian didapatkan hasil bahwa frekuensi denyut jantung hamster lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan denyut jantung pada burung merpati.

Kata Kunci : Jantung, burung merpati, hamster, komperatif.
POLA MAKAN DAN GEJALA ANEMIA PADA MAHASISWA PERANTAUAN DI UNIVERSITAS SAMUDRA
Authors: Mufa Nurul Aulia
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT

Diet is a behavior that affects nutrition. The quality and quantity of food and beverages consumed will affect health. This causes nutritional deficiencies, a healthy and balanced diet is needed to support the smooth running of busy daily activities, such as overseas students. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of diet with symptoms of anemia in overseas students. The method used is descriptive, namely by filling out a questionnaire on google form which contains 70 respondents. The results of this study 50 people 74.3% felt the symptoms of anemia 20 or 25.7% did not feel the symptoms of anemia. The thing that must be done so that anemia does not occur must be a change in diet.

 

Keywords : Dietary habit, student of overseas and Anemi symtoms.
EFEKTIVITAS PENERAPAN PEMBELAJARAN DARING PADA MATERI BIOLOGI DI SMA SE KECAMATAN AIR JOMAN, KABUPATEN ASAHAN
Authors: Rohima Siti
Published: July 2021

Pandemi Covid-19 berpengaruh terhadap semua bidang kehidupan, temasuk kehidupan pendidikan. Selama pandemi pemerintah mengeluarkan kebijakan dengan pembelajaran jarak jauh. Pembelajaran daring menjadi salah satu solusi bagi permasalahan di bidang pendidikan. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui penerapan pembelajaran daring pada materi biologi efektif di laksanakan di SMA se Kecamatan Air Joman, Kabupaten Asahan dan untuk mengetahui seberapa efektif penerapan pembelajaran daring pada materi biologi dilaksanakan di SMA se Kecamatan Air Joman, Kabupaten Asahan. Metode penelitian adalah metode Survei dan wawancara merupakan penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif. Populasi penelitian yaitu seluruh SMA se Kecamatan Air Joman yang terdiri dari 5 sekolah. Sedangkan Sampel pada penelitian yaitu seluruh guru biologi di SMA se Kecamatan Air Joman dan siswa yang setiap sekolah berjumlah 10 siswa yang ditentukan dengan teknik purposive sampling. Teknik pengumpulan data merupakan instrument non tes berupa angket berisi pertanyaan yang akan dibagikan ke responden. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa nilai biologi secara luring lebih tinggi dibandingkan secara daring. Penerapan pembelajaran daring pada materi biologi “kurang efektif” di laksanakan di SMA Se Kecamatan Air Joman, Kabupaten Asahan dan penerapan pembelajaran daring pada materi biologi di SMA Se Kecamatan Air Joman secara keseluruhan sebesar 39% dengan kategori “kurang efektif”.
POLA PERTUMBUHAN IKAN NILA (Oreochromis niloticus)HASIL BUDIDAYA MASYARAKAT DI DESA BANGUN SARI BARU KECAMATAN TANJUNG MORAWA
Authors: Eka Ismi
Published: July 2021

Ikan nila (Oreochromis niloticus) adalah salah satu ikan air tawar yang banyak dibudidayakan karena mudah beradaptasi dengan lingkungan yang kurang menguntungkan dan mudah dipijahkan, sehingga penyebarannya di alam sangat luas, baik di daerah tropis maupun di daerah beriklim sedang. Penelitian dilakukan didaerah budidaya masyarakat desa Bangun Sari Baru kecamatan Tanjung Morawa dengan metode observasi dan mendapatkan hasil koefisien hubungan panjang dan berat 1, 522 bersifat allometrik negatif dan pertumbuhan ikan memperhatikan usia ikan yang akan dikelompokan pada kolam ikan yang berbeda pula, kemudian pakan yang diberikan berupa pakan komersil berupa pelet dan daun tanaman ubi, pengaruhi lainnya dengan menjaga kebersihan air dan lingkungan berguna untuk menghindari adanya amonia pada kolam ikan yang dilakukan dengan teknik sederhana.
Antepartum Haemorrhage: The Arguments and Its Implication to Muslim Parturient
Authors: Rafiqi Muhamad
Published: July 2021

Pregnancy and bleeding throughout pregnancy are the two entities that cannot be separated. The implication of this issue leads to differences of thought, understanding and interpretation of the Islamic law, and affect the consequences of ibadah, worship to God. Although there are many resources that explores about this issue, but the understanding among parturient is seen inconclusive. Therefore, this article will discuss the condition of antepartum haemorrhage as well as the implications of it to Islamic law. This study uses a qualitative research methodology by analysing primary and secondary documents such as the classical books as well as academic writings in the journals. The findings of the study indicate that there are differences or argument regarding the implication to Islamic law and related with current issue. In addition, this article has also found that there are implications on the ibadah of parturient if the issues are not resolved due to differences of argument. Therefore, this article suggests for improvement in part of knowledge and understanding toward the issue of antepartum haemorrhage in order to ensure consistency in worship towards God.
The history of Scotland's ACEs movement: grounded in a focus on relationships
Authors: Zeedyk Suzanne
Published: July 2021

As 2021 commences, Scotland finds itself in the midst of a dynamic movement driven by awareness of the science of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs). That drive comes from unparalleled grassroots interest as well as moves towards reform in public services. This article traces the history of Scotland's ACEs journey, published, to our knowledge, for the first time in an academic journal. The start of the movement is dated to 2005, when the newly founded Violence Reduction Unit adopted a developmentally informed, public health approach to reducing Scotland's high rate of violence. In 2017, a national tour of the documentary film Resilience sparked widespread public engagement. It demonstrates that, from the outset, the Scottish movement has been grounded in a focus on relationships. This aligns it with an attachment perspective, posing an interesting contrast with the epidemiological origins of the ACE Study itself and the associated movement that has since emerged in the USA. The significance of this distinction has received insufficient consideration, perhaps because the trajectory of the Scottish ACEs movement has not been apparent. This article provides that narrative and reflects on its theoretical and practical implications.
Retiring in the time of Covid and Donald Trump: the impact of the therapist's attachment style on maintaining connection over Zoom
Authors: Gould Carol J.
Published: July 2021

The therapist's retirement is not widely written about in psychoanalytic literature. The physical requirements to do our job are minimal, hence it is often possible to keep working long into advanced age. Self-esteem and identity, fuelled by our work, are hard to disrupt. Pressure to maintain one's status as a working professional is also a factor. The therapist's attachment style may contribute to prolonging the decision to retire, if they have a significant need for the emotional and intellectual stimulation derived from the work. The experience of ending many long treatments over Zoom and the telephone, surrounded by the chaos of the pandemic and the political situation in the United States, was profoundly impacted by my attachment style, making it harder to locate myself in my patients' experience.
Dr Bowlby: a psychiatrist for our times
Authors: Kraemer Sebastian
Published: July 2021

Inspired by his experience as a teacher in a special school, John Bowlby became a doctor in order to give psychological treatment to children and their families. His debt to psychoanalysis is evident, while his determination to give external life events at least equal weight with mental states led him towards attachment theory. This pathway is well known, but Bowlby's parallel career as a child psychiatrist doggedly independent of psychoanalysis or medical practice, is not. His intelligent curiosity about human relationships took him beyond the prevailing scientific and clinical fixation with diagnosis, which persists to this day. Dr Bowlby's clinical approach is a model for modern child and adolescent psychiatrists.
Co-creating secure attachment imagery to enhance relational healing
Authors: Elliott David S.
Published: July 2021

All treatments for adult attachment insecurity include in some form a set of principles and methods that can be termed therapist-as-good-attachment-figure. This relational context is widely and appropriately accepted as a foundation for any attachment-focused therapy. After highlighting some of the principles of this approach, this article describes a therapeutic model that includes using patient-and-therapist co-created imagery of positive attachment experience. This imagery method is intrapersonal, in that it focuses on the patient's inner experience of mental representations of attachment relationships; it is interpersonal, in that the process calls upon the therapist to be highly attuned and responsive — as a good attachment figure — to the patient experiencing the imagery; and it is metainterpersonal, in that the patient experiences the imagined interaction with the positive attachment relationships in the context of the therapist supporting and participating in the process. The use of imagery in this way can be a valuable contribution towards relational healing and adult earned secure attachment.
Lord of the flies: a psychoanalytic view of the gang and its processes
Authors: Stein Mark
Published: July 2021

Gangs are usually seen to exist on the edge of society, in the Mafia, on the street corner, or among those engaged in people- or drug-trafficking. In this article I take a different approach and argue that, especially in response to trauma, gang functioning may be present at the very centre of our society, and is sometimes to be found in governmental, business, public and voluntary sector organisations, as well as the groups and teams within them. Using Nobel-prize winner William Golding's novel Lord of the Flies to give shape to my ideas, I develop a psychoanalytic theory of gang functioning. I draw in particular on Kleinian psychoanalytic ideas as well as concepts from the psychoanalytic study of groups and organisations. I argue that the establishment of the gang involves primitive splitting and projective identification and the perversion of adult authority. I suggest further that gang functioning involves the destruction of the sensory and communicative apparatuses that alert the gang to reality, coupled with the creation of a substitute, false "reality". These features enable the avoidance of painful truths and experiences and facilitate the enactment of hatred that is so characteristic of ganging behaviour.
Organisational creativity—birth of a journal
Authors: Stapley Lionel
Published: July 2021

This article documents the way that, taking advantage of new technology, organisational creativity resulted in developing from a failing organisation, to develop into a truly international organisation. The article starts from the conflictual nature of industrial relations in the UK in the 1960s and continuing into the 1970s which resulted in the launch of OPUS (an Organisation for Promoting Understanding of Society) in 1975, its early development, and decline into a near non-active organisation until the appointment of a new Executive Director in 1994. The article then concentrates on the development of a new comprehensive medium- to long-term strategy that, in the following six years resulted in the development of a vibrant and successful organisation providing for the needs of those involved in any way with a systems psychodynamic way of working. It then moves to one of the major strategic aims, that of producing an international journal that would provide a vehicle for the systems psychodynamic field of working; through to the publication of the first issue of the international journal Organisational and Social Dynamics, in 2001.
Repairing the damage: wishful, defensive, or restorative?
Authors: Long Susan
Published: July 2021

Damage, physically and to the psyche is inevitable. This is whether it is caused unconsciously, through consciously malicious intent, thoughtlessness, as collateral or just through a hostile environment or the warring of internal forces. At the group or social level, the last few years have seen much damage in terms of economic recession, climate change, racial inequalities, and domestic violence.
The desire to repair follows such damage. The psychoanalytic focus on reparation sees the process as an attempt by a person to repair perceived damage to another or, more precisely, to an internal image of the other—a loved other. Large groups such as organisations and societies also do damage and sometimes acknowledge this and make attempts to repair—perhaps defensively, simply to restore their own reputation, but perhaps from guilt and remorse. This article will invite readers to think about reparation in terms of either fantasied wishfulness, or defensiveness, or its possible restorative capacity. My exploration rests on the premise that damage is always to the system and that both that which damages and that which is damaged suffer. It is in system restoration that hope re-emerges.
The exploring difference workshop: group relations methodology to deepen anti-racist education in Toronto, Canada
Authors: Joseph Janelle , Williams Barbara , Lewis Tanya
Published: July 2021

Though the Tavistock group relations paradigm is now more than seventy years old, its unique conceptualisation of unconscious group processes remains nonetheless essential for understanding and affecting this volatile, uncertain, complex, and ambiguous time. An adapted Tavistock group relations event called the Exploring Difference Workshop (EDW) takes place in the context of: 1) increasing attention to endemic racism within Canadian society; and 2) increasingly obvious limitations of dominant modes of anti-racism training framed within discourses of equity and multiculturalism. This article discusses new contributions group relations methodology can provide through the EDW to engage with the intractable and painful aspects of talking about racism in "the here and now". The article offers an analysis of key themes emerging from the workshops and the consultations supporting participants' learning about "difference" and self–other relationships. It proposes that the EDW enables deeper understanding of, and dialogue about, the (un)conscious processes affecting racism and anti-racism education, and offers a means for enhancing collaboration across difference in these times.
On the psychodynamics of hope and identity in times of crisis: why they are needed when basic assumption victimism/supremacism prevail
Authors: Nagel Claudia
Published: July 2021

In times of crisis uncertainty and insecurity rise and lead to heightened anxiety and fear. To overcome these emotions, hope and identity are needed. In this article I would like to explore the psychodynamics of hope and identity, the role they play in overcoming crisis, how they are connected in good and in bad times, and how leaders can create real hope and real identity. My major point will be that hope and identity are linked via fear and containment—in defensive and destructive ways, forming both fake hope and fake identity and in constructive healthy and healing ways, improving the well-being and functioning as well as performing of individuals, organisations, and societies. I will show that the crisis also induces a new basic assumption (BA) mentality which I have already called in earlier papers "victimism", and which I will develop further here with the addition of supremacism. Victimism/ supremacism as basic assumption mentality in the sense of Bion are critical in understanding the development of prevailing larger phenomenon such as populism, the rise of authoritarian leaders, identitarian movements, identity politics, and similar developments. Leaders need this knowledge to move beyond the BA V/S mentality and the crisis into hope and the future.
The meaning of Greta: a psychosocial exploration of Greta Thunberg
Authors: Western Simon
Published: July 2021

This article explores the social meaning of Greta Thunberg. Time magazine made her Person of the Year 2019, claiming she has become a social phenomenon, a "global sensation". This article utilises psychosocial theory and new social movement theory to explore the social meaning of "Greta". It asks what "Greta" evokes in our "social imaginary" (Taylor, 2009, p. 146). What conscious and unconscious identifications are projected onto "Greta" that have made her the unlikely famous person she is? These questions are not about exploring her individual psychological, leadership, or character traits, but focus on Greta (now eighteen years old) as a social object (Latour, 2005) with a vast social network following her, including over 4.2 million Twitter followers, a new documentary film about her, and mainstream media coverage across the globe. Part one of this article outlines the context and libidinal economies that Greta operates within, and the theoretical influences the article draws upon. Part two outlines five core messages that Greta transmits, and the meanings that emerge from observing social reactions to her. The article ends with a conclusion summarising the social meanings of Greta.
First genocide, now ecocide: an anti-life force in organisations?
Authors: Hoggett Paul , Nestor Rebecca
Published: July 2021

Most contributions to OSD have assumed that organisations are beset by various anxieties—some inherent to their work, some to the social context in which they operate—which threaten to blow them off course. If not managed effectively these anxieties generate various defences—splitting, denial, dissociation, etc.—which undermine the capacity to engage creatively with the organisation's internal and external reality. Many of the organisations studied, in healthcare, education, etc., ostensibly have a public purpose, but what of those organisations whose purpose is antisocial, where their business is primarily to destroy rather than create? The group relations tradition emerged from the aftermath of the Holocaust and genocide. Today the genocidal impulse has become conjoined with an ecocidal one; as a result we stand on the brink of disaster. This article explores the "structures of feeling" in organisations as our existential fears reach acute levels, and asks whether we need to extend our frame of analysis beyond the anxieties and defences provoked by our destructiveness in order to better understand humanity's apparent embrace of destructiveness.
A "space" created in psychoanalysis and Eastern thought: a discussion of holding environment, container, and wu-wei
Authors: Hanning Li
Published: July 2021

In this article Winnicott, Bion, and Zhuangzi's three metaphorical concepts of psychological space are compared to understand the meaning of their respective use of space and unity, as well as the importance of the unity of space itself. This is carried out against the background of psychoanalysis and Eastern thought. This is not only a state that analysts need to be able to achieve in psychoanalytic therapy, but is also related to the quality of the mental state of each of us in our daily lives. An open and perceptive experience is responsible for the spontaneous presentation and for mental growth, and in Eastern thought, at its core is the wu-wei thought, defined as unconflicted personal harmony, inaction, or free-flowing spontaneity. Although psychoanalysis is a therapeutic method, it is not limited to this function. It is also a preparation for patients to approach their true self or "truth". Freud (1912e) described a way of approaching "an open mind, free from any presupposition" that could be achieved through analysis, and he promoted the development of mature interpersonal relations. Buddhist or Taoist practice, on the other hand, relies on correct breathing to calm oneself. Beyond all doubt, Winnicott, Bion, and the wise men of the East all knew that connecting with emotion or acquiring knowledge must be done in a calm state of mind.
Future research from China on distance psychoanalytic training and treatment
Authors: Ren Zhengjia , Sze Maranda Yee Tak , Yan Wenhua , Shu Xinyue , Xie Zhongyao , Gordon Robert M.
Published: July 2021

We present three recent research projects from China on distance psychoanalytic training and treatment. The first study explored how the internet could influence the process of psychoanalysis in three ways. First, choosing to accept online psychoanalysis is itself meaningful to the patients. Second, the internet connection itself can also be an organic component of the psychoanalysis. Third, the patients could see the real-time images of themselves during the online psychoanalysis, which could influence the analytic process.
The second study found that psychoanalysis provides an important support to improve the process of individualisation among Chinese people. The results indicate that Chinese people have been through many traumatic events in the past century, such as civil wars, colonisation, and the Cultural Revolution. Through therapy, these hidden pains are expressed, understood, and healed. Psychoanalysis brings about a new dialectic relationship model: on the one hand, it is a very intimate relationship, you can talk and share everything in your life with a specific person; on the other hand, it is quite different from the traditional Chinese relationship model. They see psychoanalysis as a bridge, enabling the participants to achieve their connection with Chinese culture by using Chinese literature, art, religion, philosophy, to find their own path of individualisation.
The third study surveyed 163 graduates of a distance psychoanalytic programme and found that the graduates developed a strong identification with the psychoanalytic field, with private practice clinical hours increased and fees increased. Looking forward to the future, 92% of the respondents plan to be supervisors, 78% to be analysts, 73% to be teachers, 46% to be authors, and 36% to be speakers.
Comparative Analysis of Foreign Regulatory Legislation of OTC Derivatives
Authors: Ipatyev Ivan R.
Published: July 2021

The problems associated with existing regulatory initiatives that are meant to eliminate opaque market and with the clearing of over-the-counter derivative instruments. Comprehensively examination of the key similarities and differences between US and EU approaches to regulating the OTC derivatives market. For the study, we used the methods of logical analysis, theoretical generalization and systematization. The main difference between these approaches is the restrictions on commercial banking trade with the separation of derivative trading operations, with the rules of ownership and the establishment of mandatory requirements for exchange trade by central counterparties, as well as with commercial banking. The main similarity is the obligatory clearing of standardized contracts, the scope of derivatives, clearing for consumers and reporting on cleared and uncleaned derivative transactions by almost all financial counterparties. Cross-border clearing is facilitated by two approaches used in the US and the EU, where the legal culture differs from each other. Summing up, we can note that the greatest flexibility in dealing with unforeseen consequences for the regulator is provided by the US approach. At this stage, we have considered an institutional description of the differences and similarities between these approaches to regulating OTC derivatives in order to ensure trade transparency and greater stability.
About Noonomics as the Basis of Global Transformation (Review of the Book by S. D. Bodrunov “Noonomics: The Trajectory of Global Transformation”)
Authors: Zotova Elena S.
Published: July 2021

The article provides a review of a book by S. D. Bodrunov “Noonomics: the Trajectory of Global Transformation”, which is constructed in the form of a summary of the main ideas developed in the theory of noonomics – ​a noneconomic method of economic activity focused on meeting specific human needs based on the criteria of reasonableness determined by the development of knowledge and culture. The article presents the position of the author of the book, who singled out eight steps towards the development of the human community to noonomics through the new industrial society of the second generation (NIS.2). It is shown that the theory of noonomics developed by the author of the book offers a scientific basis for resolving the contradictions of modern human civilization. It is emphasized that technological transformations are determinable to shape the future of human civilization. Critical reviews of the proposed concept are considered.
The Paradigm of the Systems Economy and the Strategy for the Development of Domestic Enterprises
Authors: Braginsky Oleg B. , Bendikov Mikhail A.
Published: July 2021

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Modeling Economic Growth Based on a One-Good Model Taking into Account Behavioral Factors
Authors: Yeroshin Alexander A.
Published: July 2021

As part of theoretical study, a simple mathematical model of economic growth is developed by combining alternative methodological traditions. This article was prepared to put forward a new approach to the growth theory and to provide the scientific community with more information about the fundamental problems of economic dynamics. The main part of the study involves a multi-step analysis of the subject. The first step is building a discrete-time constant-rate growth model in the form of a functional dependence of the output rate on the labour stock growth for invariable technology. The growth function also includes the influence of behavioural factors – ​intertemporal preferences and the entrepreneur-employee consumption ratio. Macro- and microeconomic formulas are used to demonstrate how the deviation of the actual behavioural variable values from the formal optimum leads to disequilibrium growth. The second step is the microeconomic rationale for growth. Here, the author creates an effective entrepreneurship model for determining the optimal number of entrepreneurs at the intersection of the descending profit rate curve and the horizontal interest rate graphic. The third step involves theoretical modelling of the output dynamics along a changing trajectory. Two abstract examples of a changing growth trajectory are given: one due to changes in the labour stock, and the other – ​labour productivity. The transition to a new equilibrium trajectory (switching path) is accompanied by exogenous shocks – ​excess output and (or) underemployment. Economic shocks on the growth trajectory are associated with the force of habit in entrepreneurs’ behaviour, which slows down the adaptation of intertemporal consumption preferences to unexpected changes in resource constraints in a growing economy. The author suggests combining the growth theory with the business fluctuations theory and considering dynamic disequilibrium as a phenomenon of a related economic research field.
Perspective for the Development of the Theory of the Intellectual Firm
Authors: Sukharev Oleg S. , Khabibullin Rifat I.
Published: July 2021

The purpose of the study is to form ideas about the intellectual firm within the framework of the system-integration theory of the firm, created by the Russian economic school, as well as to identify the differences between this type of firm and the classical firm. The need for such a formulation of the problem is associated with the expansion of the use of intelligence as a factor and product of firms' activities, the development of the “knowledge economy”. The research methodology is the theory of the firm in various versions, methods of taxonomy, comparative and structural analysis, modeling of economic relations. The application of these approaches made it possible to designate an intellectual firm, highlighting its characteristics that distinguish it from a classical firm. A structural analysis of the firm's intelligence is also carried out, presented in the form of three relevant components – ​accumulated, newly created intelligence and the use of intelligence as a separate intellectual activity. The result of the research is the main imperatives of the theory of an intellectual firm, the obtained analytical condition for generating the intelligence of a firm with an increase in its welfare, as well as the formulated principles of managing an intellectual firm. The highlighted characteristics of an intellectual firm demonstrate its cardinal difference from a classical firm, which cannot but be reflected in further theoretical studies. Proceeding from this position, the tasks of prospective studies of the functioning and development, as well as the influence on various spheres of the economy of the intellectual firm, are formulated. Examples of intellectual firms in Russia and abroad are given, highlighting the characteristic properties of their functioning, associated with self-management, participatory features of functioning, depending on the intellectual capabilities of employees.