bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Physicochemical Properties of Extruded Aquatic Pellets at Various Conditions
Authors: Ma Xuelian , Gu Bon-Yeob , Jin Tie , Yoo Jin-Hyung , Kim Mi-Hwan , Ryu Gi-Hyung
Published: October 2018

The aim of this research is to evaluate the impact of various process conditions on the physical properties and digestibility of extruded fish feed at different barrel temperatures (120, 130, and 140°C) and moisture contents (35, 40, and 45%). The expansion ratio decreased with increasing the moisture content. The hardness was negatively correlated with the expansion ratio. The bulk density decreased by increasing moisture content. The water holding capacity increased by increasing the moisture content and barrel temperature. Soaking time significantly (p<0.05) affected water stability and the best water stability was observed in all samples soaked for 1 h, but water stability was also stable at 2 h and 3 h. There was a significant increase in the protein digestibility of extruded fish feed, compared to that of the raw material.
The Effect of Corn Flour Addition on the Physico-chemical Properties of Extruded Cassava Starch
Authors: Tatsabong Laureat Taffoti , Ryu Gi-Hyung
Published: October 2018

This study focuses on evaluating the physico-chemical properties of extruded cassava starch added with corn flour. The raw materials were mixed at different ratios (corn flour/cassava starch 0:100, 25:75, 50:50, 75:25, 100:0 [w/w]), then extruded at different barrel temperatures (120 and 140°C) and moisture contents (20 and 25%), with the physicochemical and pasting properties of extrudates finally analyzed. The obtained results showed that the addition of corn flour to the mix resulted in an increase in specific length, lightness, yellowness, water absorption index, water solubility index, final viscosity, and setback viscosity of extrudates, while there was a decrease in redness and piece density. Other properties including the expansion ratio, reducing sugars, cold viscosity, peak viscosity, hold viscosity, and breakdown viscosity were more likely to be subjected to barrel temperature and moisture content. Mixing corn flour with cassava starch ameliorated the expansion properties, color, and some pasting properties of mixed extrudates. This study demonstrated that the use of corn flour and extrusion process with different barrel temperatures and moisture contents provided valuable data for the further development of extruded cassava starch.
The Effect of 4-weeks’ Alcohol Supplementation on the Muscle Atrophy in Rat
Authors: Bae Sanghoon , No Sunghwan , Park Jaeyong , Song Youngju
Published: October 2018

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of chronic alcohol supplementation on muscle atrophy in growing rats. Eighteen male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into two groups: CG group (control group, n=9) and AG group (alcohol supplemented group, n=9). Alcohol group (3 g/kg BW) was orally supplemented every day. After the experimental period, serum components and muscle Akt, p-Akt, FoxO, p-FoxO, MuRF1, and P38 protein expressions were analyzed. In the results, the values of EDL and soleus muscle weights of AG group did not have significant differences compared to the value of the CG group. In the serum components, the value of the serum TG concentration of AG group was significantly increased compared to the value of the CG group. The value of the p-Akt/Akt and p-FoxO/FoxO of the AG group was significantly decreased compared to the value of the CG group (p<0.01). The MuRF1 protein expression of AG group was significantly increased compared to the value of the CG group (p<0.01). However, the values of p-P38/P38 between two groups did not have any significant difference. From these results, it was suggested that 4 weeks of chronic alcohol supplementation induced muscle atrophy via activated protein degradation pathway involving the inhibition of Akt phosphorylation and increased FoxO and MuRF1 protein expression of muscle in growing rats.
Excursionismo y geografía en el México posrevolucionario: el Club de Exploraciones de México
Authors: Franch-Pardo Iván , Sunyer Martín Pere , Urquijo Torres Pedro Sergio , Jiménez Rodríguez Diana Laura
Published: October 2018

Estudiar los orígenes del excursionismo en México tiene un considerable interés geográfico. Sus itinerarios y objetivos excursionistas, así como los relatos que elaboraban de cada salida, son una fuente para el conocimiento geográfico histórico de esta parte usualmente olvidada, y obviada, del país como son sus espacios de montaña. También nos permiten acercarnos al papel que cumplieron las asociaciones excursionistas como transmisores de valores sociales, nacionales y de conocimientos. Esto es lo que nos muestra el estudio de los primeros años de vida del Club de Exploraciones de México (1922). En esta primera aproximación, desde un contexto histórico, político y social de grandes cambios, nos adentramos en las inquietudes que motivaron que un grupo de personas, de la mano del californiano Otis Mc Allister, se reuniera periódicamente con el objetivo de recorrer y conocer el entorno geográfico que les rodeaba. Su ideario, las características sociales de sus miembros y el análisis de las más de cien salidas efectuadas entre 1922 y 1924 nos revelan la importancia del excursionismo como práctica social y como medio de transmisión de valores nacionales; la relevancia del contacto con el medio natural en la formación de la persona; y el papel de los clubes excursionistas en el descubrimiento y conocimiento del relieve nacional.
Metodologías de campo para la evaluación de los impactos del urbanismo en los paisajes de la Amazonia indígena ecuatoriana
Authors: Lamiña Luguaña Alexandra Magaly
Published: October 2018

En las últimas décadas el estudio de los impactos de la urbanización en los paisajes amazónicos ha revelado importantes cambios sociales, ambientales y económicos en la poblaciones indígenas. Algunos trabajos han analizado los cambios del paisaje desde una perspectiva de transición “rural-urbano”, en la que interactúan fuerzas globales y locales. Al discutir cómo la geopolítica global se interrelaciona con las dinámicas sociales locales, algunos autores argumentan que el fenómeno de la urbanización, clave para el desarrollo de la frontera amazónica, no ha significado un signo de fortalecimiento social y económico. Otros estudios han articulado temas de desarrollo comunitario, representación social y política en el estudio del paisaje indígena amazónico. Por otro lado, al analizar los procesos de urbanización indígena amazónica se han incorporado subjetividades relacionadas a la identidad, pertenencia, movilidad y redes sociales en el estudio de los paisajes urbanos indígenas. Estos enfoques destacan la necesidad de un estudio profundo y matizado del paisaje urbano indígena amazónico, incorporando experiencias históricas de las sociedades indígenas en los cambios sociales, políticos y migratorios. Considerando estas perspectivas, el estudio del urbanismo en territorios indígenas permite la incorporación de diversas nociones de identidad, indigenismo y espacialidad, debilitando cánones dualistas de “rural-urbano”.
PENERAPAN REGRESI DATA PANEL PADA ANALISIS PENGARUH INFRASTRUKTUR TERHADAP PRODUKTIFITAS EKONOMI PROVINSI-PROVINSI DI LUAR PULAU JAWA TAHUN 2010-2014
Authors: Sitorus Yosephine Magdalena , Yuliana Lia
Published: October 2018

There is inequality between the economic growth of provinces in Java and outside of Java. The total area of Java  is only 6,77% from total area of Indonesia but the Growth Domestic Product (GDP) based on constant price in 2014, Java contributed 57,8% of the GDP total Indonesia. One cause that made this disparity is the development of infrastructure in outside Java is still weak. The development of infrastructure is a basic element for increasing total output production that later will increase the economic growth. However, there are so many problems that occur in developing the infrastructure in outside of Java. This study aimed to analyze the condition of infrastructure provinces outside Java in 2010-2014. The data used is the secondary data for 27 provinces outside of Java 2010-2014 from BPS. The analytical method used is panel data regression with fixed effect model and Seemingly Unrelated Regression (SUR) Model. Based on the results, the infrastructure that affects economic productivity significantly and positively is road infrastructure, health, and budget. Infrastructure that affects economic productivity significantly and negatively is the educational infrastructure. Water and electricity infrastructure did not significantly affect economic productivity.Keywords: Infrastructure, Economic productivity, Panel Data Regression, Fixed Effect Model
Complex View on Poisoning with Nerve Agents and Organophosphates
Authors: Bajgar Jiří
Published: October 2018

OP/nerve agents are still considered as important chemicals acting on living organisms and widely used in human practice. Nerve agents are the most lethal chemical warfare agents. They are characterized according to their action as compounds influencing cholinergic nerve transmission via inhibition of AChE. The symptoms of intoxication comprise nicotinic, muscarinic and central symptoms, for some OP/nerve agents, a delayed neurotoxicity is observed. Cholinesterases (AChE and BuChE) are characterized as the main enzymes involved in the toxic effect of these compounds including their molecular forms. The activity of both enzymes (and molecular forms) is influenced by inhibitors and other factors such as pathological states. There are different methods for cholinesterase determination, however, the most frequent is the method based on the hydrolysis of thiocholine esters and following detection of free SH-group of the released thiocholine. The diagnosis of OP/nerve agents poisoning is based on anamnesis, the clinical status of the intoxicated organism and on cholinesterase determination in the blood. Some principles of prophylaxis against OP/nerve agents poisoning comprising the administration of reversible cholinesterase inhibitors such as pyridostigmine (alone or in combination with other drugs), scavengers such as preparations of cholinesterases, some therapeutic drugs and possible combinations are given. Basic principles of the treatment of nerve agents/OP poisoning are described. New drugs for the treatment are under experimental study based on new approaches to the mechanism of action.
Botulism and Bioterrorism: How Serious is This Problem?
Authors: Patočka Jiří , Špliňo Miroslav , Měrka Vladimír
Published: October 2018

Botulism is a potentially lethal disease caused by one of seven homologous neurotoxic proteins usually produced by the bacterium,Clostridium botulinum. This neuromuscular disorder occurs through an exquisite series of molecular events, ultimately ending with the arrest of acetylcholine release and hence, flaccid paralysis. There are three types of botulism: food, wound, and infant botulism. Most strains of the bacterium produce a potent, respiratory muscle-paralyzing neurotoxin, botulinum toxin (BTX). It can lead to death unless appropriate therapy is promptly initiated. Due to the severity and potency of BTX, its importance as a biological weapon is of major concern to public health officials. Nevertheless, BTX is also medicament.
Membrane Blebbing in Cancer Cells Treated with Various Apoptotic Inducers
Authors: Rudolf Emil , Červinka Miroslav
Published: October 2018

The dynamics of cell morphology, in particular membrane blebbing, was studied after induction of apoptosis by etoposide or camptothecin in four human stabilized cell lines (Hep2, Bowes, HT-29 and HL-60). Time lapse videomicroscopy and F-actin staining revealed various dynamic parameters of this process including its duration, maximal extent, stages and final endpoints in individual cells. Although generally occurring in predictable patterns, our results indicate a relatively significant variability both in appearance and temporal organization of blebbing not only between different cell lines but also within them.
Leukocyte Lipid Peroxidation, Superoxide Dismutase and Catalase Activities of Type 2 Diabetic Patients with Retinopathy
Authors: Kurtul Naciye , Bakan Ebubekir , Aksoy Hülya , Baykal Orhan
Published: October 2018

Increased oxidative stress might play an important role in the initiation and progression of diabetic complications. The present study has been undertaken to investigate whether there is any relationship between retinopathy degree and leukocyte superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities and lipid peroxidation (LPO) in diabetic individuals with type 2 diabetic retinopathy. Patients were groupped with respect to the degree of retinopathy. Leukocyte malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, and SOD and CAT activities were measured in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (n=41) and nondiabetic healthy controls (n=23). Leukocyte LPO of the type 2 diabetic patients with retinopathy was significantly increased (p< 0.001), whereas SOD and CAT activities were decreased (p<0.001 and p<0.001, respectively) compared to those of controls. MDA concentrations rose while SOD and CAT activities fell with increasing severity of diabetic retinopathy, altough there was no significant difference in comprasion of the parameters mentioned above between the diabetic patients with and without retinopathy. Our results show that leukocytes in patients with type 2 diabetic retinopathy are affected by oxidative stress which might be contribute to pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy. Prospective studies are needed to evaulate the relationship between the leukocyte antioxidants status and DR.
Two Cases of Pericarditis Associated with Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Tunc Bilge , Filik Levent , Ulker Aysel , Parlak Erkan
Published: October 2018

Extraintestinal manifestations are common complications of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) whereas the association of cardiac disease with IBD is rarely reported. Cardiac manifestations may be diagnosed before, concomitantly or after the diagnosis of the specific type of inflammatory bowel disease. Pericarditis and myocarditis are potentially serious complications. This extraintestinal manifestation developed in one patient concomitantly with onset of intestinal disease. One patient had ulcerative colitis (UC), while other had Crohn’s disease (CD). Indomethacin was effective in one and the other patient required prednisone in addition. Chest symptoms in patients with inflammatory bowel disease should be evaluated to exclude myopericardial disease.
Case: Unusual Migration of Osteosynthetic Material
Authors: Habal Petr , Málek Václav , Novotný Josef
Published: October 2018

The authors present a rare and unusual case of complication, migration of osteosynthetic material for stabilization, titanium rod, which was used for stabilization of comminutive fracture of the first lumbar vertebra. This rod migrated from the retroperitoneal space to the pleural cavity. The removal of this rod was carried out by videothoracoscopy.
Patient Satisfaction in a University Hospital Emergency Department in Turkey
Authors: Yildirim Cuma , Koçoğlu Hasan , Göksu Sıtkı , Gunay Nurullah , Savas Haluk
Published: October 2018

Objective: Patient satisfaction, an indicator of the quality of care provided by emergency department (ED) personnel, is a significant issue for EDs. The purpose of this study was to identify factors associated with patient satisfaction and dissatisfaction, and to describe demographic characteristics of those surveyed in a university hospital ED. Methods: All adult patients who consecutively presented to the ED between 8:00 a.m. and 5:00 p.m. on weekdays were included in the study. Patients were asked to complete a questionnaire prior to discharge. The questionnaire asked about the attitude, politeness, and efficiency of the medical and ancillary staff, the reason for preferring our centre and reasons for dissatisfaction. Results: Two-hundred and forty-five adult patients presenting to our ED were included in this study. Forty-five percent of patients preferred our ED because of the previous perception of higher quality of care, informed by other people previously treated in this ED unit, and 35% because of restrictions by their health insurance carrier. The main causes of patient dissatisfaction were lengthy waiting times (27%). Conclusion: As a result, lengthy waiting time was the major reason for patient dissatisfaction, and high quality care together with insurance restrictions were the main reasons for preference of this university hospital ED.
Arachne z ulotną nicią. Sygnatura kobieca w późnej poezji Bogusławy Latawiec
Authors: Dembińska-Pawelec Joanna
Published: October 2018

The author of this sketch interprets Bogusława Latawiec’s poems in the context of women’s signatures. Poetry of Latawiec was usually read by critics in relation to the Polish avant-garde tradition represented by men: J. Przyboś and T. Karpowicz. The author recalls N. K. Miller’s proposition of feminist reading and her theory of text as an arachnology. Analysing Latawiec’s poems she shows some signs of feminine writing contained in metaphors: a thread, textiles, weaving, sewing, needlework. These signs are of particular importance in the metatextual poems talking about the process of creating as a weaving a text.
Kazimiera Iłłakowiczówna mniej więcej znana
Authors: Marzec Lucyna
Published: October 2018

The article is the analysis of the place of Kazimiera Iłłakowiczówna in contemporary literary discourse. The author of the article claims – using Pierre Bayard’s theory – that the poetess is known “more or less”: she is remembered as someone who got prizes and recognition but at the same time she is impossible to read nowadays. There is political ambiguity and antiquity in her texts that keep her in the past. Marzec points at four areas of literary studies, where Iłłakowiczówna is still present: 1. Poetics: Iłłakowiczówna uses an original and unusual type of the Polish tonic verse. The author of this article analyses it using tools of psychoanalysis. 2. Religious discourse: Iłłakowicz.wna is interpreted as the author of religious poetry but Marzec argues with such interpretations. 3. Post-dependence studies: Iłłakowiczówna has not been analysed in terms of post-dependence studies yet but she is mentioned in the Polish borderlines discourse. 4. Feminist literary criticism: Iłłakowiczówna used to be studied as the author of androgynous poetry, but Marzec points out other motifs such as miscarriage, infanticide or problems of the new woman, like work at government institution, contestation of vitalism and bureaucracy. The aimof this article is to show that writing of Kazimiera Iłłakowiczówna needs to be read in terms of the history of literature which is devoid of evaluation and judging. Such analysis means going back in terms of modern literary studies which have undergone multiple turns that changed the tools accessible to contemporary critics.
„Ćwiczę widzenie”. O twórczości Jadwigi Stańczakowej
Authors: Ładoń Monika
Published: October 2018

Jadwiga Stańczakowa was a blind writer, who was more known as a friend of Miron Białoszewski than for her own literary work. Meanwhile, she is the author of several books of poetry, autobiographical prose and a diary. Miron Białoszewski was certainly master for her, thanks to him she began to write about his own blindness. Although that all her work was connected with Białoszewski, it is worth to hear her own voice, especially in the context of disability studies. In this article the author is trying to bring out the poetess of the Białoszewski’s shadows. First of all, the author pointed out that blindness was a magical experience treated as a basis of lirycs. But the dysfunction of sight has also been a cause of recurring depressions. The writing during this ‘double disease’ was particularly difficult and made sense of self-therapy.
Lyric vídeos: el encuentro del videoclip con el diseño gráfico y la composición tipográfica
Authors: Pérez Rufí José Patricio
Published: October 2018

Este artículo tiene por objeto principal el análisis del lyric vídeo a fin de definir el formato como creación audiovisual comercial, describir el uso de los recursos formales relacionados con el uso del texto y, en un segundo paso, realizar una clasificación de los lyric vídeos en función de las variables consideradas en la metodología de análisis. El lyric vídeo es un subgénero dentro del vídeo musical que representa a través de códigos textuales íntegramente el contenido verbal de una canción, por lo general de manera sincronizada con aquella. Incluso como un formato de producción muy económica en cuanto a presupuestos, el lyric vídeo se ha convertido en un fenómeno popular gracias a su distribución a través de YouTube y otras plataformas de vídeo online. Para lograr los objetivos propuestos, realizaremos un análisis de contenido en una muestra de lyric videos, a partir de una metodología basada en las propuestas de diversos autores que atienda a la relación del discurso audiovisual con los códigos textuales y el diseño gráfico. Los resultados a los que llevan nuestro análisis destacan la naturaleza gráfica y digital del formato, en el que raramente se utiliza como recurso formal la imagen fílmica grabada de forma previa a la edición. De igual modo, los textos escritos aparecerían integrados en el discurso de manera extradiegética y alternaría diversas fuentes tipográficas, por lo general en movimiento, con objeto de lograr un alto dinamismo y así seducir al espectador.
La investigación de mercados en redes sociales: conoce a tu consumidor por lo que publica en Facebook y Twitter. Análisis de caso de ADT Security Services en Chile
Authors: Feijoo Fernández Beatriz , Guerrero Cortés Juan José
Published: October 2018

Facebook y Twitter se han convertido en dos ventanas a través de las cuales la sociedad expresa y expone sus opiniones y temores: recientes estudios ponen de relevancia que alguien ajeno puede conocer con más detalle que sus propios familiares a una persona por lo que publica en sus perfiles virtuales (Youyou, Kosinski & Stillwel, 2015). Situados en este contexto del Big Data, este artículo busca reflexionar sobre la utilidad de las redes sociales como fuente de investigación para conocer, definir y caracterizar al público objetivo, lo que servirá de orientación para el diseño de la estrategia creativa. Se parte del estudio de una campaña de ADT Security Services Chile (TYCO) para la que se empleó como metodología una variante de la etnografía, la netnografía, adaptada al análisis de las comunidades en línea, método más rápido, más sencillo y menos costoso que la etnografía tradicional y más naturalista que los grupos de discusión o entrevistas. Se obtuvo información pública no inductiva sobre los patrones de consumo del target, comprobando así la efectividad del análisis de contenido en redes sociales al conseguir extraer un concepto de seguridad con el que se identificaba el consumidor y sobre el que finalmente se sustentó toda la estrategia creativa.
Investigación cualitativa: fundamentos epistemológicos, teóricos y metodológicos
Authors: Corona Lisboa José Luis
Published: October 2018

La investigación cualitativa surge como un paradigma emergente y novedoso, el cual ha recibido la influencia de diversas corrientes filosóficas representadas por: Edgar Morín, Paulo Freire,  Edmund Husserl, Martin Heidegger y Schütz Alfred. El objetivo el presente documento fue analizar los fundamentos epistemológicos, teóricos y metodológicos de la investigación cualitativa o interpretativa. La metodología usada fue la investigación documental. Para ello, se realizó una discriminación de artículos científicos indexados en diversos repositorios electrónicos, que brindaron una visión amplia sobre la temática de estudio, en base a diversos autores y la opinión propia del investigador. Se concluye que la investigación cualitativa es un corpus teórico emergente que sustenta su visión epistemológica y metodológica en las experiencias subjetivas e intersubjetivas de los sujetos, cuya práctica se orienta hacia la sociedad construida por el hombre, donde interactúan las versiones y opiniones de los distintos actores sociales, para construir su propia realidad de manera cooperativa y dinámica.
Germline mutation landscape of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 using full gene next-generation sequencing
Authors: Carvalho Rafael A , Urtremari Betsaida , Jorge Alexander A L , Santana Lucas S , Quedas Elisangela P S , Sekiya Tomoko , Longuini Viviane C , Montenegro Fabio L M , Lerario Antonio M , Toledo Sergio P A , Marx Stephen J , Toledo Rodrigo A , Lourenço Delmar M
Published: October 2018

Background

Loss-of-function germline MEN1 gene mutations account for 75–95% of patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1). It has been postulated that mutations in non-coding regions of MEN1 might occur in some of the remaining patients; however, this hypothesis has not yet been fully investigated.

Objective

To sequence for the entire MEN1 including promoter, exons and introns in a large MEN1 cohort and determine the mutation profile.

Methods and patients

A target next-generation sequencing (tNGS) assay comprising 7.2 kb of the full MEN1 was developed to investigate germline mutations in 76 unrelated MEN1 probands (49 familial, 27 sporadic). tNGS results were validated by Sanger sequencing (SS), and multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) assay was applied when no mutations were identifiable by both tNGS and SS.

Results

Germline MEN1 variants were verified in coding region and splicing sites of 57/76 patients (74%) by both tNGS and SS (100% reproducibility). Thirty-eight different pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants were identified, including 13 new and six recurrent variants. Three large deletions were detected by MLPA only. No mutation was detected in 16 patients. In untranslated, regulatory or in deep intronic MEN1 regions of the 76 MEN1 cases, no point or short indel pathogenic variants were found in untranslated, although 33 benign/likely benign and three new VUS variants were detected.

Conclusions

Our study documents that point or short indel mutations in non-coding regions of MEN1 are very rare events. Also, tNGS proved to be a highly effective technology for routine genetic MEN1 testing.
Noonan syndrome males display Sertoli cell-specific primary testicular insufficiency
Authors: Moniez Sophie , Pienkowski Catherine , Lepage Benoit , Hamdi Safouane , Daudin Myriam , Oliver Isabelle , Jouret Béatrice , Cartault Audrey , Diene Gwenaelle , Verloes Alain , Cavé Hélène , Salles Jean-Pierre , Tauber Maithé , Yart Armelle , Edouard Thomas
Published: October 2018

Context

Abnormalities in the hypothalamo–pituitary–gonadal axis have long been reported in Noonan syndrome (NS) males with only few data available in prepubertal children.

Objective

The aim of this study was to describe the gonadal function of NS males from childhood to adulthood.

Design

It is a retrospective chart review.

Patients and methods

A total of 37 males with a genetically confirmed diagnosis of NS were included. Clinical and genetic features, as well as serum hormone levels (LH, FSH, testosterone, anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), and inhibin B) were analysed.

Results

Of the 37 patients, 16 (43%) children had entered puberty at a median age of 13.5 years (range: 11.4–15.0 years); age at pubertal onset was negatively correlated with BMI SDS (r = −0.541; P = 0.022). In pubertal boys, testosterone levels were normal suggesting a normal Leydig cell function. In contrast, NS patients had significant lower levels of AMH (mean SDS: −0.6 ± 1.1; P = 0.003) and inhibin B (mean SDS: −1.1 ± 1.2; P < 0.001) compared with the general population, suggesting a Sertoli cell dysfunction. Lower AMH and inhibin B levels were found in NS-PTPN11 patients, whereas these markers did not differ from healthy children in SOS1 patients. No difference was found between cryptorchid and non-cryptorchid patients for AMH and inhibin B levels (P = 0.43 and 0.62 respectively). Four NS-PTPN11 patients had a severe primary hypogonadism with azoospermia/cryptozoospermia.

Conclusions

NS males display Sertoli cell-specific primary testicular insufficiency, whereas Leydig cell function seems to be unaffected.
High prevalence of syndromic disorders in patients with non-isolated central precocious puberty
Authors: Wannes Selmen , Elmaleh-Bergès Monique , Simon Dominique , Zénaty Delphine , Martinerie Laetitia , Storey Caroline , Gelwane Georges , Paulsen Anne , Ecosse Emmanuel , De Roux Nicolas , Carel Jean Claude , Léger Juliane
Published: October 2018

Objective

Non-idiopathic CPP is caused by acquired or congenital hypothalamic lesions visible on MRI or is associated with various complex genetic and/or syndromic disorders. This study investigated the different types and prevalence of non-isolated CPP phenotypes.

Design and Methods

This observational cohort study included all patients identified as having non-idiopathic CPP in the database of a single academic pediatric care center over a period of 11.5 years. Patients were classified on the basis of MRI findings for the CNS as having either hypothalamic lesions or complex syndromic phenotypes without structural lesions of the hypothalamus.

Results

In total, 63 consecutive children (42 girls and 21 boys) with non-isolated CPP were identified. Diverse diseases were detected, and the hypothalamic lesions visible on MRI (n = 28, 45% of cases) included hamartomas (n = 17; either isolated or with an associated syndromic phenotype), optic gliomas (n = 8; with or without neurofibromatosis type 1), malformations (n = 3) with interhypothalamic adhesions (n = 2; isolated or associated with syndromic CNS midline abnormalities, such as optic nerve hypoplasia, ectopic posterior pituitary) or arachnoid cysts (n = 1). The patients with non-structural hypothalamic lesions (n = 35, 55% of cases) had narcolepsy (n = 9), RASopathies (n = 4), encephalopathy or autism spectrum disorders with or without chromosomal abnormalities (n = 15) and other complex syndromic disorders (n = 7).

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that a large proportion (55%) of patients with non-isolated probable non-idiopathic CPP may have complex disorders without structural hypothalamic lesions on MRI. Future studies should explore the pathophysiological relevance of the mechanisms underlying CPP in these disorders.
Long-term treatment with pegvisomant: observations from 2090 acromegaly patients in ACROSTUDY
Authors: Buchfelder Michael , van der Lely Aart-Jan , Biller Beverly M K , Webb Susan M , Brue Thierry , Strasburger Christian J , Ghigo Ezio , Camacho-Hubner Cecilia , Pan Kaijie , Lavenberg Joanne , Jönsson Peter , Hey-Hadavi Juliana H
Published: October 2018

Objectives

ACROSTUDY is an international, non-interventional study of acromegaly patients treated with pegvisomant (PEGV), a growth hormone receptor antagonist and has been conducted since 2004 in 15 countries to study the long-term safety and efficacy of PEGV. This report comprises the second interim analysis of 2090 patients as of May 12, 2016.

Methods

Descriptive analyses of safety, pituitary imaging and outcomes on PEGV treatment up to 12 years were performed.

Results

Prior to starting PEGV, 96% of patients had reported surgery, radiation, medical therapy or any combinations of those. At start of PEGV, 89% of patients had IGFI levels above the upper limit of normal (ULN). The percentage of patients with normal IGFI levels increased from 53% at year 1 to 73% at year 10, and the average daily dose of PEGV increased from 12.8 mg (year 1) to 18.9 mg (year 10). A total of 4832 adverse events (AEs) were reported in 1137 patients (54.4%), of which 570 were considered treatment related in 337 patients (16.1%). Serious AEs were reported in 22% of patients, of which 2.3% were considered treatment related. Locally reported MRIs showed most patients (72.2%) had no change in tumor size relative to the prior scan; 16.8% had a decrease, 6.8% an increase and 4.3% both. In patients with normal liver tests at PEGV start, an ALT or AST elevation of >3× ULN at any time point during their follow-up was reported in 3%.

Conclusions

This second interim analysis confirms that long-term use of PEGV is an effective and safe treatment in patients with acromegaly.
Preventive Use of Ascorbic Acid For Atrial Fibrillation After Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery
Authors: Mirmohammadsadeghi Mohsen , Mirmohammadsadeghi Amir , Mahmoudian Mahsa
Published: October 2018

Background: Atrial fibrillation is one of the most frequent complications and a major risk of morbidity and mortality after cardiac surgery. Antioxidants such as vitamin C are used for prevention of this arrhythmia. Different results of studies have been reported, but most of them have shown efficiency of vitamin C in prophylaxis of postoperative AF. We tried to examine this efficacy with larger sample size.

Methods: Three hundred and fourteen on pump coronary artery bypass graft surgery alone. Patients were divided into two groups: The intervention group received vitamin C (N = 160) and the control group did not receive any (N = 154). Intervention group was administered two grams of vitamin C intravenously (IV) 24 hours preoperatively, 500 mg every 12 hours IV for 48 hours in ICU, and 500 mg every 12 hours PO for 48 hours in ward. Continuous monitoring in ICU and three times a day ECG was used for AF detection. The two groups were compared.

Results: The two groups were matched in terms of age, sex, LA size, ejection fraction, functional class, and TSH level. Of the patients, 244 were male. Mean age was 62 years (40-84 years) in both groups. M/F ratio was four in both groups. Functional class and ejection fraction were the same in both groups. There was no mean TSH level difference. AF occurrence in vitamin C group was 7.6 % and in control group was 7.8 %. There was no difference in ICU or hospital stay.

Conclusions: Prophylactic use of vitamin C does not further reduce postoperative atrial fibrillation in on pump CABG patients.
Sobre el discurso alrededor de las ideas de revolución en América Latina
Authors: Naranjo Navas Christian Paul , Naranjo Navas Andrés David , Navas Labanda Cumandá
Published: October 2018

Las ideas de revolución en América Latina se han construido a través de la estructura de héroe, víctima y victimario y se contextualizan dentro de las ideas de fin de la historia, de romanticismo y libertad. Pensar en revolución nos lleva también a pensar que su contenido ha sido monopolizado hacia cierta forma de ver la realidad. Visualizar y entender la estructura de pensamiento alrededor de la idea de revolución es el principal objetivo de este escrito, el cual termina preguntándose sobre el débil desarrollo regional de ideas que propongan nuevos contenidos para llenar el concepto de revolución. Este texto se basa en las ideas de revolución construidas alrededor de cuatro sucesos históricos en la región, a saber: la Revolución mexicana, iniciada en 1910; la Revolución boliviana, de abril de 1952; la Revolución cubana, de comienzos de 1959; y, la Revolución nicaragüense, de finales de la década de 1970.
PIE-1 Translation in the Germline Lineage Contributes to PIE-1 Asymmetry in the EarlyCaenorhabditis elegansEmbryo
Authors: Gauvin Timothy J , Han Bingjie , Sun Michael J , Griffin Erik E
Published: October 2018

In the C. elegans embryo, the germline lineage is established through successive asymmetric cell divisions that each generate a somatic and a germline daughter cell. PIE-1 is an essential maternal factor that is enriched in embryonic germline cells and is required for germline specification. We estimated the absolute concentration of PIE-1::GFP in germline cells and find that PIE-1::GFP concentration increases by roughly 4.5 fold, from 92 nM to 424 nM, between the 1 and 4-cell stages. Previous studies have shown that the preferential inheritance of PIE-1 by germline daughter cells and the degradation of PIE-1 in somatic cells are important for PIE-1 enrichment in germline cells. In this study, we provide evidence that the preferential translation of maternal PIE-1::GFP transcripts in the germline also contributes to PIE-1::GFP enrichment. Through an RNAi screen, we identified Y14 and MAG-1 (Drosophila tsunagi and mago nashi) as regulators of embryonic PIE-1::GFP levels. We show that Y14 and MAG-1 do not regulate PIE-1 degradation, segregation or synthesis in the early embryo, but do regulate the concentration of maternally-deposited PIE-1::GFP. Taken together, or findings point to an important role for translational control in the regulation of PIE-1 levels in the germline lineage.
El papel de las TIC´s en el desarrollo local. Caso: Microempresas en proyectos de extensión. Sede Regional Brunca
Authors: Bermúdez Elizondo Melvin , Romero Sandí Hairol
Published: October 2018

Desde los años 80´s algunos autores como Michael Porter, visualizaban el papel preponderante que tendrían las Tecnologías de Información y Comunicación (TIC´s) y los procesos de innovación en el desarrollo de la competitividad empresarial. El presente trabajo abarca el rol que juegan las TIC´s en el desarrollo local, sobre la base que las empresas que se encuentran en las regiones han de tener sistemas de información que les contribuya en un proceso racional de toma de decisiones, dado que sin información certera y oportuna las empresas locales no podrán ser competitivas con relación a las empresas transnacionales y multinacionales. Se exponen los resultados de un caso de estudio con relación a las empresas que han participado en el proyecto de extensión de la Sede Regional Brunca de la Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica, denominado “Fortalecimiento de la Competitividad de diez microempresas del cantón de Pérez Zeledón, Región Brunca”. Se concluye que las TIC´s juegan un papel preponderante en el desarrollo del parque empresarial de la Región Brunca y por lo tanto son pilar fundamental en el desarrollo local y regional.
Rendición de cuentas en la UNA. Metodología: dinámica de los triángulos aplicada por el movimiento ciudadano que construye territorios seguros
Authors: Campos Rojas Carlos
Published: October 2018

Este trabajo final de graduación, bajo la modalidad de práctica dirigida, se lleva a cabo en la Vicerrectoría de Extensión de la UNA. Visibiliza la gestación de un movimiento ciudadano que hace valer los actuales principios constitucionales de la República de Costa Rica, que acreditan a la persona ciudadana como “El Soberano” y, por ende, como el dueño y depositario todos los días del poder –con atributos pertinentes para el efecto–, algo para lo cual la ciudadanía no ha sido preparada. Por eso, el movimiento lidia con la institucionalidad nacida en el contexto de una república representativa, con estricto poder delegado, en la cual los vicios y costumbres del autoritarismo y de una cultura de la impunidad y la corrupción se asientan. Este trabajo pone en evidencia los esfuerzos de una ciudadanía dialógica, que con su propia metodología construye diariamente, con mucho esfuerzo y con alma de mujer, su propia concepción de mundo, reasumiendo ese poder delegado, como actor del proceso de toma de decisiones Desde un enfoque cualitativo se consideran discusiones y planteamientos teóricos que fundamentan esta práctica dirigida, así como la riqueza de saberes y conocimientos que emanan de la cotidianidad, de la acción metódica de quienes participan en este movimiento que, apropiados de la metodología y sus procedimientos innovadores, propician, en consecuencia, una cultura efectiva de rendición de cuentas y medición de impactos, positivos y negativos.Para la UNA es especialmente importante dicha experiencia, pues en su última reforma estatutaria el tema de rendición de cuentas, a su propia comunidad y a la “sociedad”∫, se tornó en uno de los cambios más relevantes, aunque sin prever un mecanismo que lo haga posible, específicamente, en relación con su rendición a la sociedad y a las comunidades con las que se trabaja.
Medicaid Expenditures Among Children With Noncomplex Chronic Diseases
Authors: Bettenhausen Jessica L. , Richardson Troy E. , Shah Samir S. , Hall Matt , Andrews Annie L. , Neff John M. , Auger Katherine A. , Hoefgen Erik R. , Macy Michelle L. , Plencner Laura M. , Zima Bonnie T.
Published: October 2018

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

Expenditures for children with noncomplex chronic diseases (NC-CDs) are related to disease chronicity and resource use. The degree to which specific conditions contribute to high health care expenditures among children with NC-CDs is unknown. We sought to describe patient characteristics, expenditures, and use patterns of children with NC-CDs with the lowest (≤80th percentile), moderate (81–95th percentile), high (96–99th percentile), and the highest (≥99th percentile) expenditures.

METHODS:

In this retrospective cross-sectional study, we used the 2014 Truven Medicaid MarketScan Database for claims from 11 states. We included continuously enrolled children (age <18 years) with NC-CDs (n = 1 563 233). We describe per member per year (PMPY) spending and use by each expenditure group for inpatient services, outpatient services, and the pharmacy for physical and mental health conditions. K-means clustering was used to identify expenditure types for the highest expenditure group.

RESULTS:

Medicaid PMPY spending ranged from $1466 (lowest expenditures) to $57 300 (highest expenditures; P < .001); children in the highest expenditure group were diagnosed with a mental health condition twice as often (72.7% vs 34.1%). Cluster analysis was used to identify 3 distinct groups: 83% with high outpatient mental health expenditures (n = 13 033; median PMPY $18 814), 15% with high inpatient expenditures (n = 2386; median PMPY $92 950), and 1% with high pharmacy expenditures (n = 213; median $325 412). Mental health conditions accounted for half of the inpatient diagnoses in the cluster analysis.

CONCLUSIONS:

One percent of children with the highest expenditures accounted for 20% of Medicaid expenditures in children with NC-CDs; mental health conditions account for a large proportion of aggregate Medicaid spending in children with NC-CDs.
La sociología de Georg Simmel y el ‘capital social’: La confianza como fuerza socializadora
Authors: Ovares Sánchez Carolina
Published: October 2018

ResumenLa sociología de Simmel constituye uno de los orígenes teóricos de la noción de ‘capital social’. Lo anterior  se concluye al analizar su investigación social, a partir de las formas y contenidos de los procesos de interacción social y el papel de la confianza en la sociedad como fuerza socializadora.  Concluimos que Simmel contribuye de manera significativa a la conceptualización de ‘capital social’.  La necesidad de lazos informales y la confianza como garantía para el mantenimiento de una sociedad y sus instituciones sociales es una constante en la sociología, desde sus inicios como disciplina.  En este artículo se analizará y mostrará la contribución de Georg Simmel a las tesis sobre el capital social, desde su conceptualización de la confianza, como una de las fuerzas que configuran a la sociedad, la cual es base para el capital social. Concepto que sigue siendo un punto de referencia clave en las ciencias sociales.Palabras claves: G. Simmel; Capital social; Sociología; Confianza; Teoría social. Georg Simmel's Sociology and ‘Social Capital’: Trust as a Socializing ForceAbstractSimmel´s sociology constitutes one of the theoretical roots of the notion of 'social capital'. That is inferred by analyzing his social inquiry, based on the forms and contents of social interaction processes and the role of trust, as a socializing force, in society. We concluded that his contribution to the sociological conceptualization of this notion is significant. The necessity of informal ties and trust, as a guarantee for the establishment and maintenance of society, has been a constant in sociology since its origins.  This article will analyze Georg Simmel's contribution, to the basis for social capital, from his approach of trust as one of the forces that shape society. This concept remains a key reference in social science.Key Words: G. Simmel; Social capital; Sociology; Trust; Social theory.  Acerca del proceso editorial y sus publicaciones la revista Reflexiones utiliza la licencia Creative Commons (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)
Sentidos y usos del “mirar mal” como eje de conflicto entre estudiantes
Authors: Di Napoli Pablo Nahuel
Published: October 2018

ResumenEn el presente artículo se indaga sobre las prácticas y sentidos que construyen los jóvenes en torno a sus miradas, especialmente a un tipo particular de mirada que constituye un eje constante de conflicto en el espacio escolar: el “mirar mal”. En la primera parte se recuperan los aportes teóricos del campo sociológico sobre el rostro y la mirada desde una perspectiva relacional. En la segunda parte se analizan los significados que los estudiantes de educación secundaria le atribuyen al “mirar mal” y qué tipo de prácticas se ligan a ella en el ámbito escolar. El corpus empírico se compone de sesenta entrevistas en profundidad realizadas con jóvenes de dos escuelas medias de gestión estatal de la provincia de Buenos Aires en Argentina. Concluimos que a través de la mirada se ponen en juego diferentes aristas de la individualidad juvenil que los agentes educativos debieran tomar en cuenta al actuar sobre la sociodinámica de los conflictos en el ámbito escolar.Palabras clave: Jóvenes; Rostro; Subjetividad; Cuerpo; Escuela, Sentidos Sense and uses of "bad looking" as an axis of conflict among students AbstractIn this article we look into the meanings that young people build behind the practices of ways of eye gazing, especially to a particular type of gaze that constitutes a constant conflict axis at school: the"bad eye"or "angry stare". In the first part of this article, we recover the theoretical contributions of the sociological field about face and eye gaze from a relational perspective. Secondly, we analyze the meanings that high school students confer to the "bad eye" stare and the type of practices linked to it at academic environments. The empirical corpus consists of sixty in-depth interviews to young from two state high schools in Buenos Aires, Argentina. We conclude that through the look come into play different aspects of youth individuality that educators should take into account when acting on sociodynamics of conflicts in schools.Key Words: Young people, Face, Subjetivity, Body, School, Meaning  Acerca del proceso editorial y sus publicaciones la revista Reflexiones utiliza la licencia Creative Commons (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)
ALMANYA’DAKİ TÜRK SİVİL TOPLUM KURULUŞLARININ BAZI İÇ ÇEVRE FAKTÖRLERİ AÇISINDAN GÖRÜNÜMÜ: BAVYERA EYALETİNDEKİ TÜRK DERNEKLERİ ARAŞTIRMASI
Authors: Kocagöz Elif
Published: October 2018

Almanya’da
yaşayan Türk toplumu, 50 yılı aşan bir zaman içerisinde Almanya’nın neredeyse her
bölgesine yayılmış dernekler kurarak, aktif bir sivil toplum hayatı inşaa
etmiştir. Gerek Almanya’daki gerekse Türkiye’deki mevcut gündemler,
Almanya’daki Türk toplumunu ve derneklerini geçmiş dönemlere kıyasla çok daha
önemli bir pozisyona getirmiştir. Buna rağmen literatürde hem Almanya genelinde
hem de eyaletler bazında Türk derneklerinin profillerini detaylı bir şekilde ortaya
koyan herhangi bir saha araştırmasıyla karşılaşılmamaktadır. Bu
çalışmanın amacı, Almanya’nın Bavyera eyaletinde faaliyette bulunan Türk derneklerinin
görünümlerini bazı iç faktörler itibariyle ortaya koymaktır. Çalışmada, konunun
uzmanlarıyla mülakatlar ve dernek temsilcileriyle anket şeklinde kalitatif ve
kantitatif araştırma teknikleri kullanılmıştır. Ankete, kayıtlı üye sayıları
toplamı 13.049 ve çoğunluğu 2000 yılı öncesinde kurulmuş olan, yıl bazında
toplam 2447 faaliyet üreten 96 dernek katılmış olup, derneklerin yarısı bir
başka çatı kuruluşa üyedir. Araştırmaya katılan derneklerce en sık yapılan
faaliyetler olarak kurumlarla görüşmeler ve temsil faaliyetleri, üyelere
yönelik iç toplantılar, ve konferans, söyleşi, vb. etkinlikler ifade
edilmiştir. Bulgular incelendiğinde derneklerin iç yapılarında
iyileştirilmelerin gerektiği çeşitli alanlarla karşılaşılmıştır.